open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lily Cole

**Lily Luahana Cole** (born December 27, 1987) is a British model, actress, author, movie director, and a business owner. She has been an advisor to Wikitribune.

Cole was born in Torquay, Devon, England. Her mother was an artist and writer. Her father was a fisherman, but he left the family when she was a baby. Lily and her sister were raised by their mother in London.

She went to several schools, including the Sylvia Young Theatre School. She studied at King's College, Cambridge, a famous university. She finished her studies in 2011 with high grades.

## Personal life 
Cole is in a relationship with Kwame Ferreira. They have a child together, a daughter named Wylde Cole Ferreira, who was born in 2015.

## Career 
Cole started her career as a model when she was a teenager. She was found by a talent scout when she was 14. She became famous for her red hair and unique look. In 2004, she was named "Model of the Year" at the British Fashion Awards. She has been in ads for big brands like Chanel and Hermès. She has been in other movies and TV shows, like ''Doctor Who.

Besides acting and modeling, she is also known for helping with good causes. She supports groups that protect the environment and help people. She also started a company called Impossible.com.

## References
Involuntary commitment

**Involuntary commitment**, **civil commitment**, or **involuntary hospitalization**/**hospitalisation**, or informally in Britain **sectioning**, **being sectioned**, **commitment**, or **being committed**, is a legal process through which a person who is found to have a mental disorder and is taken to a psychiatric hospital where they can be treated involuntarily. This treatment may involve the use of psychoactive drugs. In many places, people diagnosed with mental health disorders can also be forced to undergo treatment while in the community; this is sometimes known as outpatient commitment and shares legal processes with commitment.

## References
Röhm RG-14

The **Röhm RG-14** is a double-action, six-shot revolver chambered in .22, formerly made and sold by Röhm Gesellschaft of Sontheim/Brenz, Germany. It is known for being the gun used by John Hinckley Jr. to shoot U.S. President Ronald Reagan on 30 March 1981. Until 1968, the guns were made in Germany.

## Notes
## References
Ermine (heraldry)

of the former Duchy of Brittany, blazoned "*Ermine*"]]
**Ermine** is a fur, or a pattern on a shield or object in heraldry.

Furs are patterns in heraldry. They are based on animal furs. This one is based on the fur of the Ermine. 
]]

## Types 

Image:Ermine_shield.svg|Ermine
Image:Shield_ermines.svg|Ermines (counter-ermine)
Image:Shield_erminois.svg|Erminois
Image:Field pean.svg|Pean
Image:Shield_gules_ermined_argent.svg|Gules ermined argent

## References
Nashville International Airport

**Nashville International Airport**  is a public/military airport in the southeastern section of Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was built in 1937 and its original name was **Berry Field**. The current terminal was built in 1987, and the airport took its current name in 1988. Nashville International Airport has four runways and covers  of land. It is the busiest airport in Tennessee. 

## References
Tomas Lindberg

**Tomas Lindberg** (16 October 1972 – 16 September 2025), also known as "**Tompa**" and "**Goatspell**", was a Swedish singer-songwriter and musician. He was known for his works in death metal bands, most with At the Gates. He also taught social studies.

Lindberg was ranked number 30 out of 50 of The Greatest Metal Frontmen of All Time by Roadrunner Records.

In August 2025, it was revealed Lindberg had been treated for oral cancer, which was diagnosed in December 2023. He died from the disease on 16 September 2025 in Gothenburg, Sweden at the age of 52.

## References
The Washington Star

***The Washington Star***, also known as the ***Washington Star-News*** and the ***Washington*** ***Evening Star***, was a daily afternoon newspaper published in Washington, D.C., between 1852 and 1981. The Sunday edition was known as the ***Sunday Star***.> The paper was renamed several times before becoming *Washington Star* by the late 1970s.

On August 7, 1981, after 128 years, *The Washington Star* stopped publication and filed for bankruptcy. Many of the people who worked for the *Star* went to work for the newly formed *Washington Times*.

## References
Vair

**Vair** is a fur, or a pattern on a shield or object in heraldry. 

Furs are patterns in heraldry. They are based on animal furs. This one is based on the fur of the Squirrel. Unlike Ermine where the connection is obvious. In Vair the pattern comes from many squirrel bellies connected together.    

The word , comes from Middle English which comes from Old French which comes from Latin  ("varied"), because the pattern varies in color.         

The original form called  had a wavy pattern that looked more like squirrel coats. The modern form is has more angles. The default modern pattern blue () and white (). Since blue is a color and white is a metal, this means it follows the Rule of tincture and is visible from a long distance.  

File:Eichhörnchen Düsseldorf Hofgarten edit.jpg|Eurasian red squirrel  ()
File:Russian squirrel belly skins.jpg|Squirrel bellies on a rack
File:Forro - vero antiguo.svg| the old curvy version
File:Vair plain (accurate).svg| the modern version

## Gallery 
As with other heraldry. It is written with a type of special language called Blazons which is part French part English. This is why some shield descriptions are hard to understand.
Coa England Family Beauchamp of Hatch.svg|  inverted
File:WinchesterGreatHall Glass4.JPG | Vair inverted from the Tichborne arms in Winchester Castle
File:Tichborne arms, St Andrew's Church.jpg | The same arms at St Andrew's, Tichborne
File:Jane Seymour coat of arms Hampton Cour Palace.jpg | Coat of arms of Jane Seymour at Hampton Court Palace
File:Coa Illustration Tincture Vairy or and azure.svg | Vairy or and azure
Blazon of Gresley Baronets of Nether Seale (1611).svg | Vairy ermine and gules
File:Vaire colours 3.svg | Checked vairy 

 Coa Illustration Tincture Vairy counter.svg|
 Coa Illustration Tincture Vairy in pale field.svg|
File:Coa Illustration Tincture Vairy in bend.svg | Vairy in bend  or and azure
 Coa Illustration Tincture Vairy en pointe.svg|
File:Spaltfeh.png | Alternate vair

## Related pages 
* Tincture (heraldry)
* Fur (heraldry)

## Notes 
## References
### Citations
### Bibliography
* . 
* .
* .
* .
.22 long rifle

The **.22 long rifle**, also known as the **.22 LR** or **5.7×15mmR**, is a type of .22 caliber rimfire ammunition from the United States. It is used in a wide range of firearms including rifles, pistols, revolvers, and submachine guns.

Despite being called "long rifle", the cartridge is actually one of the smallest calibers actively made by factories today. 

## References
Line 3 Scarborough

train, which operated on the line.]]

**Line 3 Scarborough**, originally known as **Scarborough RT** (**SRT**), was a rapid transit line that was part of the Toronto subway system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 

It was closed on July 24, 2023, after an accident on the line. It had previously been planned to close in November 2023.

## References
## Other websites
* Scarborough subway extension (SSE) about three-stop SSE, published by Metrolinx
* Line 2 Subway Scarborough about cancelled plan for one-stop SSE, published by City of Toronto
* The future of TTC's Line 3 Scarborough (SRT) about bus replacement for Line 3, published by the TTC
Paris-East Créteil University

**Paris-East Créteil University** (French: *Université Paris-Est Créteil*, also known as Paris XII or UPEC) is a public university in Créteil, Île-de-France, France. It was founded in 1970 and offers courses in social sciences, education, economics, law, arts, humanities, and science and technology.

The university has seventeen institutes across Créteil, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-et-Marne, and the 14th arrondissement of Paris.

## History 
UPEC was created on 21 March 1970 after the division of the University of Paris into thirteen autonomous universities. It combined the Paris-Est Faculty of Law (1967) and the Faculty of Medicine of Créteil. The medical school’s CHU Henri-Mondor facility opened in 1969. In 1970, the Créteil campus was built. Major expansions followed in 1988 (Technological centre in Sénart and Fontainebleau) and 2005 (law school moved to Créteil). The institute of International Politics Studies was established in 2021 in Fontainebleau.

## References
Akira Fuse

is a Japanese singer and actor. He debuted in 1965 with the single "Kimi ni Namida to Hohoemi o" (君に涙とほほえみを; "Tears and Smiles to You"). 

## Early Life 
Fuse was born on December 18, 1947 in the city of Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.

## Career 
His greatest hits are "Cyclamen no Kahori" (シクラメンのかほり, *Shikuramen no Kahori*; "The Scent of Cyclamen") and "Kimi wa Bara Yori Utsukushii" (君は薔薇より美しい; "You are More Beautiful than a Rose"). He currently makes consistent appearances on television, performs occasional seasonal tours, hosts a late night talk show, and is involved in a number of stage plays. In 2005, he enjoyed a revival when his music was used in the popular Japanese TV-series *Kamen Rider Hibiki* with its ending theme "Shōnen yo" (少年よ; "Boy!") and later its second opening theme "Hajimari no Kimi e" (始まりの君へ; "To the Original You").

## Personal life 
He married Olivia Hussey on February 14, 1980 in Florida, and later divorced in 1989 after he was unable to attain work in the United States and Olivia was unable to relocate her first-born son, Alexander Gunther Martin, to Japan. The wedding was attended by over 2,000 guests and lots of Japanese press, they had one child, son Maximillian Fuse.

## In popular culture
Gen Hoshino created the parody character "Akira Nise" (ニセ明, *Nise Akira*, literally *Fake Akira*) as a tribute to Akira Fuse.

## Television 
* *Kamen Rider Hibiki*, as senior former Oni master, who gifts Hibiki the Armed Saber (episodes 32–33).
* ''Everyone's Best Kouhaku 100th Anniversary of Broadcasting Special* (NHK, 2025) (cast).

## Film 
* *Tora-san, the Matchmaker* (1979)
* *Welcome Back, Mr. McDonald* (1997)
* *Minna no Ie'' (2001) : Hirinouchi
Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia

The **Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia** (**MPDC**), more commonly known locally as the **Metropolitan Police Department** (**MPD**), and, **DC Police**, is the primary law enforcement agency for the District of Columbia, in the United States. With about 3,200 officers and 600 civilian staff, it is the sixth-largest municipal police department in the United States. The department serves an area of  and a population of over 700,000 people. The department's mission is to "safeguard the District of Columbia and protect its residents and visitors with the highest regard for the sanctity of human life".

## References
Ho Chung-tao

**Ho Chung-tao** (Chinese: 何宗道), better known by his stage name **Bruce Li**, is a Taiwanese actor, stuntman, and martial artist. Known for his Bruceploitation films, he starred in no less than five Bruce Lee biopics produced between 1974 and 1976. He managed to shift away from portraying Lee, starring in films such as *Dynamo* (1978), *The Chinese Stuntman* (1982), and *The Iron Dragon Strikes Back* (1979). He directed two films, *Fists of Bruce  Lee* (1978) and *Counter Attack* (1982).

## References
Brian Hill (footballer, born 1942)

**Brian Hill** (b. 15 December 1942) was a professional footballer born in Mansfield. He played as a winger for Grimsby Town, Huddersfield Town, Blackburn Rovers and Torquay United in the Football League, and in non-league football for Boston United.

## References
Blazon

A **Blazon** is a way of representing a coat of arms through a long series of words.

Blazons often use words derived from French so they are hard to understand for English speakers. For example blue is called  and white is called 

If you have a blazon you can draw a coat of arms from it. 

## Examples

File:Azure, a bend Or.svg|*Azure, a bend or.* A coat made famous by the medieval court case *Scrope v. Grosvenor*.
File:Wappen Behnsdorf.png|*Party per pale argent and vert, a tree eradicated counterchanged.* Arms of Behnsdorf.
File:Brandenburg Wappen.svg|*Argent, an eagle displayed gules armed and wings charged with trefoils Or.* Arms of Brandenburg.
File:Arms of Winston Churchill.svg|*Quarterly 1st and 4th Sable a lion rampant on a canton Argent a cross Gules; 2nd and 3rd quarterly Argent and Gules in the 2nd and 3rd quarters a fret Or overall on a bend Sable three escallops of the first and as an augmentation in chief an inescutcheon, Argent a cross Gules and thereon an inescutcheon Azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or.* Arms of Churchill.

## Other websites 
* website that generates coats of arms from blazons

## References
Heino

**Heinz Georg Kramm** (born 13 December 1938), known professionally as **Heino**, is an German singer of Schlager and traditional Volksmusik. He has sold over 50 million records in total and is one of the most successful German musicians of all time. Heino is known for his baritone voice and characteristic combination of light blond hair and dark sunglasses.
Lapstone, New South Wales

**Lapstone** is an Australian town on the eastern edge of the Blue Mountains in New South Wales at a height of 160&nbsp;m (525&nbsp;ft). Lapstone is located 62 kilometres west of the centre of Sydney  in the local government area of the Blue Mountains and votes in federal elections as part of the electorate of Macquarie. Lapstone consists mostly of stand-alone housing and has a few public facilities. At the , Lapstone had a population of 948 people. Lapstone was originally bought and built by Arthur J. Hand, an alderman (councillor) of the Blue Mountains City Council.

Lapstone is the first town in the eastern entrance of the Blue Mountains. Its name comes from the many stones in the area that resemble those used by shoemakers on leather when making shoes.

The land is the traditional land of the Dharug Aboriginal people.
Chevaya Falls

**Chevaya Falls** is a rock found on Mars. It was found by NASA's Perseverance rover in 2025. It is important because it might contain traces of life. The rover's instruments " mapped organic carbon with phosphate, iron, and sulfur arranged in distinct, repeating patterns" inside the rock.

## References
George Grosz

**George Grosz** (born Georg Groß; July 26, 1893 – July 6, 1959) was a German painter and caricaturist.

He was a leading name of the artistic movements Dada and New Objectivity, in Germany. His work is very critic of the difficult conditions his country faced at the Weimar Republic.
A communist and anti-nazi, he moved to the United States, in 1933. He became an American citizen in 1938. He would live there until 1959, when he returned to Berlin, only to die few months later.

## References
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern

**Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern** (8 November 1715-13 January 1797) was Queen consort of Prussia and Electress of Brandenburg from her marriage to King Frederick the Great. From a period of more than 46 years, she was the longest serving Queen of Prussia.

She was the daughter of Ferdinand Albert II, the sometime Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and Antoinette Amalie, They were not only related to the imperial family, but her father was also a high ranking officer in imperial service. Part of the reason that she married Frederick was thanks to the Austrian court, so that her uncle by marriage, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, could be allied with Prussia. Around this time, it was noted of Elisabeth that "*The Princess is neither ugly nor beautiful. She is a God-fearing person. God bless her*". Her husband was known to have neglected her. This was no accident. So Elisabeth made herself busy as the head of an influential court in Berlin. She liked literature and wrote books about religion.
Aside from her husband, Elisabeth was said to have loved her brother Duke Ferdinand as well, and they had a lot of letters exchanged.

### Widowhood 
Elisabeth was always respected, and that didn't change after her husband died in 1786. In early 1797, 17 years after the death of her sister Louise Amalie, Elisabeth died at the age of 81. She was buried in the cathedral in Berlin, while her husband, who had died in 1786, was laid somewhere else. 

## References
Nasser El Sonbaty

**Nasser El Sonbaty** (Arabic: ناصر السنباطى; born 15 October 1965 – 20 March 2013) was an IFBB professional bodybuilder. He represented FR Yugoslavia at competitions. Born in Stuttgart, Germany to an Egyptian father and a Serbian mother, Sonbaty began bodybuilding in 1983. His first appearance in the Mr. Olympia competition was in 1994, where he placed 7th. His best placing in the Mr. Olympia competition was in 1997, where he placed 2nd behind Dorian Yates. After placing 2nd in the Arnold Classic twice, in 1997 and 1998, he won the title in 1999, defeating Kevin Levrone. He was known for his shoulder development.

Sonbaty's influence on the Arab and Muslim bodybuilding community is particularly significant, as he is credited with inspiring future generations of athletes from similar backgrounds.

## References
Comparison of United States incarceration rate with other countries

**Comparison of United States incarceration rate with other countries**; In 2022, the United States had about 1.8 million inmates in prisons and jails, which equals 541 per 100,000 people—the 5th highest rate in the world. In 2021, the U.S. had about 1.77 million inmates (531 per 100,000), the 6th highest rate. Despite China reporting 1.69 million sentenced prisoners in 2018, the U.S. still had the largest prison population. China’s real number may be higher if pre-trial detainees and administrative detainees are included, along with Uyghurs held in detention. Worldwide, there were about 10.35 million prisoners in 2015. The U.S. alone had 2.17 million—about 21% of the global total, even though it made up only 4.4% of the world’s population. In 2015, the U.S. had the 2nd highest incarceration rate (698 per 100,000), after the Seychelles (799 per 100,000). For comparison (latest available data):

Canada: 85 per 100,000 (2020)

England & Wales: 146 per 100,000 (2023)

Australia: 158 per 100,000 (2022)

The U.S. incarceration rate reached its highest point in 2008. On January 1, 2008, over 2.3 million people—about 1 in every 100 adults—were in prison or jail. The broader correctional population (prison, jail, probation, parole) had peaked the year before, in 2007. In 2008, the U.S. had the highest incarceration rate in the world: 765 per 100,000 people. The next highest were Russia (629), Rwanda (604), and several smaller nations and territories. Although the U.S. made up only a fraction of the world’s population, it held 23% of all inmates worldwide (2.29 million out of 9.8 million).

## References
Teoh Beng Hock

**Teoh Beng Hock** (20 April 1979 – 16 July 2009) was a Chinese Malaysian journalist and assistant to Ean Yong Hian Wah, a member of the Selangor state government. On 15 July 2009, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) called Teoh to answer questions about corruption. Before the meeting, he went missing. The next morning, his body was found on the roof of a building near the MACC offices. His death caused confusion and many people asked for a Royal Commission to investigate what really happened.

## References
Exmouth, Western Australia

Exmouth is a town in Western Australia. It is on the northwest coast of Australia. It is a popular place for tourists.

## Geography 
Exmouth is on the tip of North West Cape. It is by Exmouth Gulf. The Indian Ocean is to the west. It is about 1,124 kilometers (698 miles) north of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia and and  southwest of Darwin.

## Demographics 
About 2,806 people lived in Exmouth in 2021.
Bidyadanga Community

Bidyadanga is a community in Western Australia. It is the biggest Aboriginal community in the state. It is a remote place. The community has been involved in publications of local stories.

## Geography 
Bidyadanga is on the coast of the Kimberley region in Western Australia. It is about 180 kilometers (110 miles) south of Broome. It is a long way from Perth, the capital city, about 1,590 kilometers (990 miles).

The traditional owners of the land are the Karajarri people. But many other language groups also live in Bidyadanga.

## Demographics 
About 750 people live in Bidyadanga. The word "Bidyadanga" comes from a local word that means "emu watering hole."

## History 
The area was first a place where the government gave food to people. This was in 1903. Later, it became a mission run by missionaries.

In 1975, the Bidyadanga Aboriginal Community La Grange (BACLG) was started to help run the community. In 1982, the community became independent from the mission.

## Bidyadanga Aboriginal Community La Grange Inc 
The Bidyadanga Aboriginal Community La Grange Inc (BACLG) is a group that helps manage programs for the community. A council made of people from different language groups governs this organization.

## Climate 
Bidyadanga has a hot and dry climate. Summers are very hot and humid, and there is some rain. Winters are warm and dry.
Ardyaloon

Ardyaloon, also known as One Arm Point or Bardi, is a community in Western Australia. It is on the Dampier Peninsula in the Kimberley region. It is a place where the Bardi people live.

## Geography 
Ardyaloon is far north in Western Australia. It is on the coast, looking out at the ocean. It is about 2,446 kilometers (1,520 miles) north of Perth the capital city of Western Australia.

The closest bigger town is Derby, which is about 114 kilometers (71 miles) away.

Broome is also a bigger town, about 189 kilometers (117 miles) away.

## Demographics 
In 2021, about 303 people lived in Ardyaloon. The people of Ardyaloon are mostly from the Bardi-Jawi language groups. The name "One Arm Point" comes from a story about a pearler who had an accident with dynamite while trying to catch fish.

## Tourist spots 
Places to go there are:
*Bardi Culture: Ardyaloon is home to the Bardi people, and their culture and traditions are very important.
*Ardyaloon Hatchery: This is a special place where they raise sea animals like trochus shells, barramundi fish, and corals. It helps to protect these animals and also works as a tourist attraction. Visitors can learn about the sea life and the Bardi people's connection to it.
*Stunning Coastline: The area has beautiful coasts, with big tides that change the landscape a lot. It's a great place to see the ocean and learn about nature.
*Tourism: Visitors can come to Ardyaloon to learn about the Bardi culture, see the hatchery, and enjoy the natural beauty. They can sometimes go on tours with local people to learn about fishing and local foods.

## Management 
The community is managed by Ardyaloon Incorporated. This is a group of local people who help make decisions for the community.

## Climate 
Ardyaloon has a hot and dry climate. Summers are very hot and can be humid, with some rain. Winters are warm and dry.
Anthology 4

***Anthology 4*** is a compilation album made by the English rock band The Beatles. It released on 21 November 2025.

## References
Mount Barker, Western Australia

Mount Barker is a town in Western Australia. It is the main town of the Shire of Plantagenet. It is known for its farming, especially for grapes and wine.

## Geography 
Mount Barker is in a region called the Great Southern. It is on the Albany Highway. It is about 360 kilometers (224 miles) south-east of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. It is about 50 kilometers (31 miles) north of Albany, a city on the coast. The town is named after a hill that is nearby, which is also called Mount Barker.

## Demographics 
About 2,855 people lived in Mount Barker in 2021.

## Tourism 
Things to do there are:
*Wine: Mount Barker is in a big wine region. Many people come here to try the local wine.
*Lookout: You can drive to the top of Mount Barker hill. From there, you can see far away, including the Stirling Range and Porongurup Range.
*Old Buildings: The town has some old buildings that are now museums. The old police station is now a museum where you can learn about the town's history.
*National Parks: Mount Barker is close to two big parks: the Porongurup National Park and the Stirling Range National Park. These are good places for walking and seeing nature.
*Wildflowers: The area around Mount Barker has many beautiful wildflowers that grow in the spring.

## History 
The hill was named by a man named Thomas Braidwood Wilson in 1829. He named it after a captain named Collet Barker. The town was officially started in 1898. At first, the town was a center for growing apples and for sheep farming. Now, the wine industry is also very important.

## Climate 
Mount Barker has a Mediterranean climate. This means it has hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
Katanning

Katanning is a town in Western Australia. It is in the Great Southern region. It is known for its history, diverse culture, and agriculture.

As of 2021, the population was 4,057. As of 2016, Katanning had a population of 3,687.

## Geography 
Katanning is about 277 kilometers (172 miles) south-east of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. It is on the Great Southern Highway. It is a centre for farming in the surrounding area.

## Demographics 
In 2021, about 4,057 people lived in Katanning. Katanning has a diverse population, including people from Indigenous Australian backgrounds, as well as communities from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Malay, Afghan, and Chinese backgrounds. This makes it a multicultural town.

## History 
The name "Katanning" comes from an Aboriginal word, possibly meaning "meeting place" or "clear pool of sweet water". European explorers first visited the area in 1835. The town started to grow in 1889 when a railway line was built.

The town was officially made a townsite in 1898. Katanning became an important centre for farming, especially wheat and sheep.

## Tourism 
Places to go there are:
*All Ages Adventure Playground: A large and fun playground for families.
*Premier Mill Hotel: A historic flour mill that has been turned into a hotel and café.
*Katanning Sheep Saleyards: One of the largest undercover sheep saleyards in the Southern Hemisphere.
*Street Art: The town has many murals and sculptures.
*Kobeelya House: A historic building that was once a school and is now a conference centre.
*The Piesse Winery Water Tower: A unique castle-like structure.
*Multicultural Festival: An event that celebrates the town's diverse cultures with food, music, and dance.

## Economy 
Katanning's economy is based on agriculture, including sheep farming and wheat growing. It also has a large meat-processing abattoir, which has attracted workers from diverse cultural backgrounds. The town is a regional service centre.

## Climate 
Katanning has a Mediterranean climate, with warm summers and mild winters.
Dodo Services

**Dodo Services** is an Australian company. It sells home internet, mobile phone plans, and energy (electricity and some gas). It started in 2001 in Melbourne. It is part of the Vocus Group.

## History 
Dodo began in September 2001. It was started by Larry Kestelman and Michael Slepoy. In March 2013, M2 Group said it would buy Dodo. The deal valued Dodo at about  $204 million. In February 2016, M2 Group merged with Vocus Communications. Dodo then became part of the Vocus Group.

## Services 
Dodo sells NBN home internet plans. It also sells mobile phone plans that use the Optus network. Dodo sells electricity in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and South East Queensland. It also sells gas in parts of New South Wales and Victoria.

## Parent company 
Dodo is a brand in the retail arm of Vocus Group, an Australian telecommunications company.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Proceratophrys vielliardi

***Proceratophrys vielliardi*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body
The adult male frog is 39.1–41.9 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is light bronw in color with some red-brown on the sides of the body and light brown over the eyes and on the back of the head. The belly is light brown in color. There are black-brown and light brown stripes on the legs. The iris of the eye is gold or bronze in color.

## Name
Scientists named this frog for bird scientist Dr. Jacques Marie Edme Vielliard, who studied Brazil's birds and other animals, for example frogs.

## Home
Scientists saw this frog in the dry grassy places. They found it next to streams. Scientists saw the frog between 930 and 1270 meters above sea level.

Scientists found the frog in three protected parks: Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico Capetinga - Taquara, Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas, and Parque Estadual de Paracatu.

## Young
The male frogs call to the female frogs in summer (November and December).  The female frog lays eggs in streams that dry up for part of the year. She buries them in sand or mud at the bottom. The tadpoles grow in the streams.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say the frog is not in danger of dying out. Human beings changed the places where the frog lives by cutting down many trees to make places for cows to eat grass. Since the 1980s, people have changed these grass places to farms for soybeans, sugarcane, and trees from other parts of the world. Farm chemicals can also hurt the frog.

## References
Development of Windows 95

In March 1992, the development of Windows 95 began just after Windows 3.1 was released to the public, and at the same time, Windows NT 3.1 was still in development. Windows 95 was later released manufacturing on July 14, 1995, and for public in August.

## Background 
During initial design planning of Windows 95 in 1992, Microsoft aimed to have the next generation high-end OS, and another lower end consumer designed OS as a better Windows 3.1. The latter was to develop a 32-bit  kernel and filesystem with 32-bit protected mode device drivers in Windows for Workgroups 3.11, to be used as the basis for the next version of Windows, code named "Chicago". Cairo would be Microsoft's next-gen operating system based on Windows NT featuring a new UI and an object-based file system, but it was not planned to be shipped before 1994. (Cairo would never actually be shipped, however certain elements of Cairo would show up in Windows NT 4.0.)

Alongside Windows 3.1's release, IBM started releasing OS/2 2.0. Microsoft realized they needed of an updated version of Windows that could support 32-bit applications and multitasking, but could still run on low-end hardware (Windows NT, requiring 12 MB RAM and 75 MB disk space, did not). Initially, the "Chicago" team did not know how the product would be packaged. Initial thoughts were there would be two products, MS-DOS 7, which would just be the underlying OS, an evolution of the Windows for Workgroups 3.11 kernel, with a character mode OS on top, and a fully graphical Windows OS. But soon into the project, the idea of MS-DOS 7 was abandoned and the decision was made to develop only a fully graphical OS Windows "Chicago".

## References
Tracheal intubation

**Tracheal intubation**, usually known as **intubation**, is when a flexible plastic tube is put into the trachea (windpipe) to keep an open airway or to help put certain drugs into the body. It is normally done in critically injured, ill, or anesthetized patients to keep air moving in and out of the lungs, including mechanical ventilation, and to prevent the possibility of asphyxiation.

## References
Thoracotomy

A **thoracotomy** is a surgical procedure that involves cutting open the chest wall to get access into the pleural cavity. It is mostly done by specialist cardiothoracic surgeons, although emergency physicians or paramedics sometimes also perform the procedure under life-threatening circumstances.

## References
Operation Sonnenblume

**Operation Sonnenblume** (**, "Operation Sunflower"**) movement of German and Italian soliders to North Africa in February 1941, during the Second World War. The Italian 10th Army () had been destroyed by the Allies attacks during Operation Compass  The first parts of the new German Afrika Korps commanded by Geral Erwin Rommel, left Naples to go to Africa and arrived on 11 February 1941. 

Rommel arrived in Libya on 12 February, with orders to defend Tripoli, using aggressive tactics. The first German soliders reached Sirte on 15 February, continued to Nofilia on 18 February and a German raiding party attacked a British patrol near El Agheila on 24 February. On 24 March, the Axis captured El Agheila and on 31 March attacked Mersa Brega. The weak 3rd Armoured Brigade failed to push the Germans back and began to retreat towards Benghazi the next day. 

 succeeded because the ability of the Germans to mount a big attack was underestimated by General Archibald Wavell, the main British General for the Middle-East, the War Office and Winston Churchill. Rommel transformed the situation by his unexpected attack, despite a lot of spy reports from the decoding of signals from the German Enigma coding machine and MI14 (British Military Intelligence). Many experienced British units had been transferred to Greece in Operation Lustre and others to Egypt to get new gear. Some commanders appointed by Wavell to Cyrenaica Command didnt  live up to expectations and Wavell relied on bad maps, when he later arrived to see for himself.
Strategic Air Command

**Strategic Air Command** (**SAC**) was a Cold War-era United States Department of Defense Specified Command and a United States Air Force (USAF) Major Command (MAJCOM) responsible for command and control of the strategic bomber and intercontinental ballistic missile areas of the United States military's strategic nuclear forces from 1946 to 1992.

## References
Marine Corps Base Quantico

**Marine Corps Base Quantico** is a United States Marine Corps building near Triangle, Virginia, covering nearly  of southern Prince William County, Virginia, northern Stafford County, and southeastern Fauquier County.

**Quantico Station** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince William and Stafford counties in the U.S. state of Virginia, used by the Census Bureau to describe base housing. The population was 5,608 as of  2025. 

## References
Triangle, Virginia

**Triangle** is a census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Prince William County, Virginia, United States. The population was 9,589 at the 2020 census. 

## References
Federal Correctional Complex, Butner

The **Federal Correctional Complex, Butner** (**FCC Butner**) is a United States federal prison for men near Butner, North Carolina. It works under the Federal Bureau of Prisons. FCC Butner is about  northwest of Raleigh, the state capital. It includes the Bureau's largest medical system. 

## References
Mangum Township, Durham County, North Carolina

**Mangum Township** is one of six townships in Durham County, North Carolina, United States. The township had a population of 5,821 according to the 2000 census.

It includes a part of the Federal Bureau of Prisons Federal Correctional Complex, Butner.

## References
Brady Campaign

**Brady: United Against Gun Violence** (formerly “**Handgun Control, Inc**”., the **Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence** and the **Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence)** is an American nonprofit organization that supports gun control and is against gun violence. It is named after former White House Press Secretary James "Jim" Brady, who was permanently disabled and later died in 2014 as a result of the Ronald Reagan assassination attempt of 1981, and his wife Sarah Brady, who was a chairwoman of the organization from 1989 until her death in 2015.

Brady was founded in 1974 as the National Council to Control Handguns (NCCH). The nonprofits changed its name to **Brady** in February 2019, on the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Brady Bill.

## References
Osona

**Osona** is a comarca in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. The capital is the city of Vic (province of Barcelona).

## Municipalities
## References
Jeff Jarvis

**Jeff Jarvis** (born July 15, 1954) is an American journalist, professor, and public speaker. He is known for his ideas about the internet and how people can share information online.

## Personal life 
In 2009, Jeff Jarvis had prostate cancer. He was treated and got better. He is married to a woman named Tammy, but her last name is not known.

## Career 
Jarvis started his career as a journalist in 1972 at a small newspaper. Later, he worked for big news companies like the *New York Daily News* and as a television critic for magazines like *TV Guide* and *People*. He also helped create the magazine *Entertainment Weekly*.

In 2005, he became a professor at the City University of New York's Graduate School of Journalism. He teaches about new media and how the internet is changing the news.

He has a popular blog called *BuzzMachine*, where he writes about new media. He has also written several books, including *What Would Google Do?*. In his work, he often talks about the importance of being open and sharing on the internet.

## References
Obsessed

**Obsessed** usually means to like something a lot, but it could also be about:

## Movie and television
* *The Late Edwina Black* (US title: *Obsessed*) a British murder/mystery movie
* *Obsessed* (1977 movie), an American pornographic movie
* *Obsessed* (1987 movie), a Canadian drama
* *Obsessed* (1992 movie), an American made-for-TV drama
* *Obsessed* (2009 movie), an American thriller starring Idris Elba and Beyoncé
* *Obsessed* (2014 movie), a South Korean erotic period thriller
* *Obsessed* (TV series), a documentary series

## Music 
* The Obsessed, an American heavy metal band
** *The Obsessed* (album), by the band of the same name
* *Obsessed* (Dan + Shay album), 2016
* *Obsessed* (EP), by Yahritza y Su Esencia, 2022
** *Obsessed Pt. 2*, the 2023 sequel
* "Obsessed" (Mariah Carey song), 2009
*"Obsessed", a song from the 2009 EP *The Time of Our Lives* by Miley Cyrus
* "Obsessed", a song from the 2016 album *This Is What the Truth Feels Like* by Gwen Stefani
* "Obsessed", a 2017 song by Maggie Lindemann
* "Obsessed", a song from the 2020 album *Leave It Beautiful* by Astrid S
* "Obsessed" (Addison Rae song), 2021
* "Obsessed" (Calvin Harris song), 2022
* "Obsessed" (Olivia Rodrigo song), 2024

## Other
* *Obsessed* (novel), a 2005 novel by Ted Dekker
Double (association football)

celebrate winning the double in 2014. That year, they won the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal.]]
In association football, **The Double**, is the term used to describe winning a country's top division league and a cup competition in the same season.

The first club to achieve a double was Preston North End in 1889, when they won The Football League and the FA Cup.

## Other meanings
*The Double* can also mean beating a team both home and away in the same league season. It is more often known as *doing the double*.

## Other articles
* Treble (association football)
Pet Alien

***Pet Alien*** is an animated science fantasy television series that ran from November 20, 2004 to August 31, 2007. The series co-produced by Mike Young Productions for Animania HD and Cartoon Network in English-speaking programming and TF1 and Télétoon in French-speaking programming.

## Characters 
* Tommy Cadle
* Dinko
* Gumpers
* Swanky
* Flip
* Scruffy, a Basset Hound-like alien.
* Gabby
* Granville DeSpray
* Clinton Fillmore Jefferson XIII
* Melba Manners
* Cap'n Spangley
* Tommy's mom
* Old Man Bitters
* Emperor Breet
* Doctor Daffodil
* Tommy's Teacher
* Mom-sicle and Pop-sicle
* The Mime
* The Frog
Gyatt

***My gyatt*** is a slang term for a person's buttocks. It is used in Gen-Z or Gen Alpha slang, usually when referring that the person has a above normal buttock. Some people view this word as vulgar, but others think of it as a complement.

## References
Operation Compass

**Operation Compass** a big battle in World War II and the first big British attack during the North African Campaign. British, Indian, Free French, Australian and other Allied Soldiers attacked the Italian in western Egypt and eastern Libya, which was an Italian Colony, from December 1940 to February 1941.

The allies had around  and advanced from Mersa Matruh in Egypt on a five-day raid against the Italians of the 10th Army, which had about  in fortified locations around Sidi Barrani in Egypt and in Libya to the west. The Allies swiftly defeated the Italians in their forts and at Sidi Barrani, forced the rest of the Italians  out of Egypt and captured the ports along the coast in Libya. The 10th Army was cut off as it retreated towards Western Libya at the Battle of Beda Fomm, the Italins that escapes being chased to El Agheila on the Gulf of Sirte.

The British took more than  and Libyan (Some Libyans Supported the Italians, although some also fought with the Allies) prisoners, hundreds of tanks, more than a thousand guns and many aircraft. The allies lost  killed and injured, about  of the infantry. The Allies were unable to continue beyond El Agheila, due to damaged vehicles and the movement in March 1941 of the best-equipped units to Greece, which was being invaded by Germany. The Italians rushed more soldiers from Italy to Libya to defend Tripoli, assisted by the Germans Afrika Korps and the  (The German Air Force)

## References
Culburra Beach

**Culburra Beach**, usually called **Culburra**, is a town located in the South Coast area of New South Wales, Australia. It is in  the Shoalhaven local government area, the town is  east-southeast of Nowra on Jerrinja Wandi Wandian Aboriginal Country. At the , the town had 2,946 living there and is the regional centre for the coastal villages of Currarong, Callala Beach, Callala Bay and Orient Point.

## References
1964 European Nations' Cup

The '''1964 European Nations' Cup'* was the second edition of the UEFA European Championship. The tournament was played in Spain. It was won by the hosts, who beat the Soviet Union 2–1 in the final.

## Qualified teams
## Venues
## Referees
## Final tournament
*All times are local, CET (UTC+1).''

### Bracket
### Semi-finals
----

### Third place play-off
### Final
## Statistics
### Goalscorers
### Awards
;UEFA Team of the Tournament

## References
## External links
* 1964 European Nations' Cup at UEFA.com
Guy Kawasaki

**Guy Takeo Kawasaki** (born August 30, 1954) is an American marketing expert, author, and business person in Silicon Valley. He is famous for his work at Apple, where he helped market the Macintosh computer in 1984. From 2015 to 2016, Kawasaki was on the board of trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation, the group that operates entity of Wikipedia. He has been an adviser of WikiTribune.

Kawasaki was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. He went to Stanford University and earned a degree in psychology. He also went to UCLA to get a business degree.

## Career 
Kawasaki is best known for his work as the chief evangelist for Apple. He helped to popularize the Macintosh computer by convincing people to make and use software for it. He used the term "evangelism" to describe this type of marketing.
After working at Apple, he started other companies and wrote many books. Some of his books include *The Art of the Start* and *Enchantment*. He has also been a well-known public speaker and a member of the  for the Wikimedia Foundation, until December 2016.

## References
Ballistic missile submarine

]]
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A **ballistic missile submarine** is a submarine that is able to deploying submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) with nuclear warheads. These submarines became a major weapon system in the Cold War because of their nuclear deterrence capability. Countries that have these kinds of submarines are the United States, Russia and China. Several other nations operate ballistic missile submarines for strategic deterrence roles. In the United States, about 70% of nuclear warheads are carried by these submarines.

## References
1965 Ballon d'Or

The '''1965 Ballon d'Or''' was the tenth Ballon d'Or awarded. It was won by Benfica forward Eusébio.

## Rankings
## References
## External links
* *France Football* Official Ballon d'Or page
Gianfranco Bedin

**Gianfranco Bedin** (born 24 July 1945) is a former Italian footballer. He played as a midfielder, notably for Internazionale between 1964 and 1974, helping them win the 1964–65 European Cup. He also played six matches for the Italian national team.

## Honours
**Inter Milan**
*Serie A: 1964–65, 1965–66, 1970–71
*European Cup: 1964–65
*Intercontinental Cup: 1964, 1965

## References
## Other websites
*
*https://web.archive.org/web/20131110135554/http://www.interfc.it/BEDIN.asp
*Profile  at Enciclopediadelcalcio.it
1964 Ballon d'Or

The '''1964 Ballon d'Or''' was the ninth Ballon d'Or awarded. It was won by Manchester United forward Denis Law.

## Rankings
## References
## External links
* Official Ballon d'Or 1964 page
* RSSSF.com
Tramp Stamps (band)

**Tramp Stamps** was an American pop-punk band from Nashville, Tennessee. They became known on TikTok and later for controversial lyrics, not understanding punk culture and having worked in the commercial music industry.

The band's members were Marisa Maino (singer), Caroline Baker (guitar), and Paige Blue (drums). Their music often combined pop music and skate punk. Vice News described their music as "feminist punk" and *Rolling Stone* "queer punk". Their record label, Make Tampons Free, was created by them.

## History 
Blue had created songs that were used for shows on MTV, DirecTV, Starz

Maino said the band was her, Baker, and Blue "just fucking around" and she had written songs with Blue and liked Baker's songwriting, as they had all worked for AWAL. They then recorded a song that later became "I'd Rather Die" after drinking alcohol one night, and Maino convinced Blue and Baker to form an independent band. Tramp Stamps started by sharing covers on TikTok, then were better known after releasing their debut single "Sex with Me". They became controversial after releasing "I'd Rather Die".

Tramp Stamps were said to be "industry plants" because Maino, Blue, and Baker had been songwriters and used queer and punk themes badly. Maino denied this, saying, "There [are] some times where I wish that was true, so then I could be like, "this is somebody else's fault", instead of some bullshit that I did".

## Band members 
* Caroline Baker – guitar, background vocals
* Paige Blue – drums, background vocals
* Marisa Maino – lead vocals

## Discography 
### Extended plays 
* *We Got Drunk and Made an EP* (2021)

### Singles 
* "Sex with Me" (2021)
* "1-800-miss-ur-guts" (2021)
* "I'd Rather Die" (2021)
* "The Legend of Jennifer" (2021)
* "Not So Silent Night" (2021)

## References
IXL

**IXL** can be

* IXL, Oklahoma, a town in the United States
* IXL Historical Museum, a historic building in Hermansville, Michigan
* Henry Jones IXL, an Australian manufacturer of jams and other foods
* Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (IATA: IXL), in Leh, Ladakh, India
* A railway interlocking

## Related pages
*Roman numerals