open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Erazim Kohák

**Erazim Kohák** (21 May 1933 – 8 February 2020) was Czech philosopher and writer. He was born in Prague. After communists took over Czechoslovakia in 1948, his family escaped to the United States. He also worked at Gustavus Adolphus College and Boston University (Professor in 1977). After the Velvet revolution in 1989, he returned to Czechoslovakia to become a professor at Charles University in Prague.

He died in February 2020 at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* Prof. Erazim Kohák, PhD. - biography, bibliography (in English)
* Erazim Kohák - about his life and work (in Czech)
Sharpe James

**Sharpe James** (February 20, 1936 &ndash; May 11, 2025) was an American Democratic politician. James was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He was State Senator for the 29th Legislative District and was 35th Mayor of Newark, New Jersey. James was the second African American Mayor of Newark. From June 1999 until July 2006, James was Mayor of Newark and New Jersey State Senator at the same time. 

His final reelection campaign, against then-Councilman Cory Booker in 2002, was documented in the 2005 feature movie *Street Fight*.

On April 16, 2008, James was convicted of five counts of fraud by a federal jury and was sentenced to 27 months in prison.

James died in West Orange, New Jersey on May 11, 2025 at the age of 89.

## References
Emma Mackey

**Emma Margaret Marie Tachard-Mackey** (born 4 January 1996) is a French-British actress. Since 2019, she has starred as Maeve Wiley in the Netflix comedy series *Sex Education*.

Mackey was born in Le Mans. Her father is French and her mother is British. She graduated from the University of Leeds in 2016. She lives in London.

## References
## Other websites
*
Edward Morley

**Edward Morley** (January 29, 1838 – February 24, 1923) was an American physicist. He is known for the Michelson–Morley experiment. He found a more accurate number for the speed of light. He also found how heavy an atom of oxygen is.

## References
Sex machine

A **sex machine** is a machine that is used to simulate human sexual intercourse or other sexual activity.

## References
Aimee Lou Wood

**Aimee Lou Wood ** (born 3 February 1995) is a British actress. She is best known for her role as Aimee Gibbs in the Netflix original comedy-drama series *Sex Education* (2019–present). She also appeared in the films *The Electrical Life of Louis Wain* (2021) and *Living* (2022).

Wood was born and raised in Stockport, Greater Manchester. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 2017. Between 2019 and 2020, she was dating *Sex Education* co-star Connor Swindells.

## References 
## Other websites 
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Connor Swindells

**Connor Ryan Swindells** (born 19 September 1996) is a British actor and model. He is best known for his role as Adam Groff in the Netflix original comedy-drama series *Sex Education* (2019–present). In 2018, he appeared alongside Gerard Butler and Peter Mullan in the psychological thriller movie *The Vanishing*.

Swindells was born in Lewes, East Sussex. He was born in the autumn of 1996, the youngest of four boys for mother phoebe, who died when Connor was 7. He is dating *Sex Education* co-star Aimee Lou Wood.

## References
## Other websites
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Lynn Stalmaster

**Lynn Arlen Stalmaster** (November 17, 1927 &ndash; February 12, 2021) was an American casting director. She was born in Omaha, Nebraska. She studied at the University of California, Los Angeles.

## Career
Stalmaster got his first job in show business as an actor, appearing in the war movies *The Steel Helmet* (1951) and *The Flying Leathernecks* (1951).

Stalmaster is known for casting more than 60 movies of the decade, among them; *Fiddler on the Roof*, *Harold and Maude*, *The Cowboys*, *Deliverance*, *Rollerball*, *Silver Streak*, *Black Sunday*, *Coming Home,* *Convoy,* *The Rose,* *Superman* and *Being There*.

Stalmaster was also responsible for casting TV-shows like *Combat!*, *Gunsmoke*, ''The Untouchables, My Favorite Martian (S01,E01)' as well as Academy Award winning movies *In the Heat of the Night*, *The Thomas Crown Affair*, *The Right Stuff* and *The Untouchables*.

In 2016, he received an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

## Death
Stalmaster died in Los Angeles on February 12, 2021 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chicago (2002 movie)

***Chicago*** is a 2002 American musical crime comedy-drama movie based on the stage-musical of the same name. It talks about the themes of celebrity, scandal, and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age. 

The movie stars Renée Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Richard Gere. The movie is the first work of Rob Marshall, who also choreographed the movie.

Having strong positive reviews from critics, *Chicago* won six Academy Awards in 2003, including Best Picture, the first musical to win Best Picture since *Oliver!* in 1968.

## References
Chicago (musical)

***Chicago*** is an American musical with music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and book by Ebb and Bob Fosse. It is set in Chicago in the jazz age. The satire play is about corruption in the criminal justice system in Chicago.

The original Broadway production opened in 1975 at the 46th Street Theatre and ran for 936 performances, until 1977. The revival is currently running 

The 1996 Broadway production holds the record as the longest-running musical revival and the longest-running American musical in Broadway history. It is the second longest-running show to ever run on Broadway, behind only *The Phantom of the Opera*. 

The 2002 movie version of the musical won the Academy Award for Best Picture.

## References
Katy, Texas

**Katy** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. The city is in the counties of Harris, Fort&nbsp;Bend, and Waller. Katy had a population of 21,894 at the 2020 census.

## References
Simmesport, Louisiana

**Simmesport** is a small town in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,468 at the 2020 census.

## References
Lynn Cohen

**Lynn Cohen** (born **Lynn Harriette Kay**; August 10, 1933 – February 14, 2020) was an American actress. She was best known for playing Magda in the HBO series *Sex and the City* and the 2008 movie of the same name, as well as its 2010 sequel, and Mags in *The Hunger Games: Catching Fire*. Cohen was born in Kansas City, Missouri.

Cohen died on February 14, 2020 in New York City, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
Taika Waititi

**Taika David Cohen**  (born 16 August 1975), also known as **Taika Waititi** , is a New Zealand filmmaker, actor and comedian. He has been awarded with a BAFTA and an Academy Award. He often acts in the movies he writes and directs.

## Life and career
Waititi was born in Raukokore in the Bay of Plenty, North Island. His father was Māori. His mother is of Russian Jewish and Irish ancestry. He calls himself a "Polynesian Jew." He married Chelsea Winstanley in 2011. The couple have two daughters.

Waititi wrote and directed the short movie *Two Cars, One Night* (2004). It was  with an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. He later moved into acting, directing and writing in feature movies. His movies include *Eagle vs Shark* (2007), *Boy* (2010), *What We Do in the Shadows* (2014) and *Hunt for the Wilderpeople* (2016). In 2017, Waititi directed the superhero movie *Thor: Ragnarok*. He has also had acting roles in *The Strip*, *Freaky*, *The Mandalorian* and *Rick and Morty*.

Waititi wrote, directed, produced and starred as Adolf Hitler in *Jojo Rabbit* (2019). The movie won the Best Adapted Screenplay at the BAFTA Awards as well as the Oscars. *Jojo Rabbit* was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
## References
## Other websites
*
Norwegian heavy water sabotage

The **Norwegian heavy water sabotage** was a group of Allied missions in World War II. The target of the missions was the 60 megawatt Vemork power station. This power station produced a type of water that is named heavy water. Heavy water is based on a hydrogen isotope called deuterium. The missions were to stop Germany from making heavy water. Germany needed the heavy water to understand and help make atomic bombs. The attacks started in February 1942 by Norwegian Commandos and Allied bombers. The missions were code named **Grouse**, **Freshman**, and **Gunnerside**. The missions were successful and the Vemork power plant was no longer working by 1943.

## Missions 
### Operation Grouse 
British Special Operations Executive (or SOE) made plans to put four Norwegian commandos in the area in October 1942. On 19 October 1942, these Norwegian commandos parachuted in. They had to ski a very long way to get to the station. They were supposed to watch the power station to make sure it was safe for other troops to arrive. The mission went well and the commandos began surveillance of the power station from Hardanger Plateau.

### Operation Freshman 
On 19 November 1942, British paratroopers were supposed to meet the Norwegian commandos and attack the power station. The paratroopers were flown in on gliders pulled by large bombers. The gliders and bombers crashed before they got to Vemork. Most of the British paratroopers were killed in the crash. One crew from a bomber survived, but they were all captured by the German army. The German Gestapo then tortured and executed all of the prisoners. Even though the Norwegian commandos were able to hide from the Germans, the mission was a complete failure. The bombs destroyed the machines and stopped the station from making heavy water. No one from the ferry survived and the heavy water was lost. All of the commandos survived.

## Sinking of the *SF Hydro* 
 in 1925]]
After the station was damaged, the German soldiers tried to move the heavy water they had made. The German army moved the remaining heavy water to a dock on Lake Tinn. The heavy water was in drums that were loaded on a railroad car. They loaded the railroad cars on a ferry called the *SF Hydro*. Norwegian resistance fighters, led by one of the commandos from Operation Gunnerside, were able to plant bombs on the ferry. After the ferry left the dock, the bombs exploded and the ferry sank into deep water. 18 people died on the ferry, 14 Norwegians and 4 German soldiers.

## References
Early Christian councils

The early councils of Christian churches often established the theological boundaries that came to define official statements of Christian belief. The first council was held in Jerusalem in 49 AD. This meeting arose from the missionary work of Paul, who spread faith in Jesus and established churches in Asia Minor. Paul sought recognition for these new believers and their churches from the original church in Jerusalem, so that they could be acknowledged as true communities of faith.

After discussion, Peter concluded that the faith of these new churches should be recognized as equal to that of the believers in Jerusalem. James reached a similar conclusion, and the council issued a letter affirming shared faith between the communities. This letter is recorded in Acts 15:23–29. It confirmed acceptance of the faith as taught by Paul and Barnabas and advised the new believers to avoid actions that might offend the Jerusalem church.

In the history of Christianity in the Western Roman Empire, there were **seven** **ecumenical councils**. Among these were the First **Council** of Nicaea in 325, the First **Council** of Constantinople in 381, the **Council of** Ephesus in 431, and the **Council of Chalcedon** in 451. The churches of the Near East participated in the first three councils, while the African and Eastern Orthodox churches largely ceased attendance after Nicaea.
## References
Carroll House

The **Carroll House Hotel** on Monroe St. in Fullerton, North Dakota was built in 1889. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. The listing included three contributing buildings which included Shingle Style architecture and Second Empire architecture.

The Carroll House was built by Edwin Sweet.

## References 
## Other websites
Fullerton, North Dakota

**Fullerton** is a city in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 62 at the 2020 census.

The city is said to be named after Dr. Samuel Fuller.

The Ranch House is a local restaurant in the area.

## History 
"…In 1882 Dickey County was a wild, unbroken prairie, with not a foot of land occupied or a sod turned. Now, i don't believe there is a foot of land in the county that is not owned, and most of it by actual settlers."

Fullerton was founded in 1888.

The Carroll House is a registered national historical site in Fullerton.

## Church 
St. (Saint) Patrick's Catholic Church is a Roman Catholic church in Fullerton, North Dakota. It is a member of the Diocese of Fargo. St. Patrick's Catholic Church was a previously unused church in Ellendale, North Dakota, that was moved to Fullerton due to a high amount of Irish Catholics in the area.

## References
Sydney Tamiia Poitier

**Sydney Tamiia Poitier** (born November 15, 1973) is an American actress. In 2007, she starred in *Death Proof*, director Quentin Tarantino's segment of the movie *Grindhouse*, as radio DJ Jungle Julia. She also acted in movies such as *Free of Eden* (1998), *True Crime* (1999), *The Devil Cats* (2004), *Nine Lives* (2005) and *The List* (2007). She starred as lead role Abby Walker in the UPN sitcom *Abby* in 2003. In 2018, she began starring as Sam Shaw in the Canadian series *Carter*. She has also appeared in episodes of *Joan of Arcadia*, *Veronica Mars*, ''Grey's Anatomy*, *Private Practice* and *Hawaii Five-0''.

Poitier was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of Bahamian-American actor Sidney Poitier and Canadian actress Joanna Shimkus. Her mother is of Lithuanian Jewish and Irish ancestry. She is married to Dorian Heartsong.

## References
## Other websites
*
François André

**François André** (19 July 1967 – 11 February 2020) was a French politician. He was born in Pontivy. He was a member of the Socialist Party. From 2012 until his death in 2020, he served as a member of the National Assembly. He represented the department of Ille-et-Vilaine. 

On 11 February 2020, André died of lung cancer in Rennes. He was 52.

## References
Seaside, California

**Seaside**, formerly **East Monterey**, is a city in Monterey County, California, United States, with a population of 32,366 as of the 2020 census.

## References
Battle of Whitestone Hill

The **Battle of Whitestone Hill** was the culmination of the 1863 operations against the Sioux Indians in Dakota Territory. Brigadier General Alfred Sully attacked a village September 3–5, 1863. The Native Americans in the village included Yanktonai, Santee, and Teton (Lakota) Sioux.

## Results 
Ultimately the battle ended in a decisive US victory. Over 300 natives were killed, these included women and children. 20 US soldiers were killed in the conflict.
Battle of Killdeer Mountain

The **Battle of Killdeer Mountain** (also known as the **Battle of Tahkahokuty Mountain**) took place during Brigadier General Alfred Sully's expedition against the Sioux Indians in Dakota Territory July 28–29, 1864. The location of the battleground is in modern Dunn County, North Dakota.

## Results 
Around 100 Native American warriors were killed in the conflict, whilst only 2 of Alfred Sully's were killed.

## References
Battle of the Badlands

The **Battle of the Badlands** was fought in Dakota Territory, in what is now western North Dakota, between the United States army led by Brigadier general Alfred Sully and the Lakota, Yanktonai, and the Dakota Indian tribes. The battle was fought August 7–9, 1864 between what are now Medora and Sentinel Butte, North Dakota.

## Results 
Alfred Sully estimated around 100 Native American warriors were killed in battle, this may have been an exaggeration due to range. Only 3 US soldiers were killed in the battle, along with an additional 10 wounded.

## References
Monango, North Dakota

**Monango** is a city in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2020 census, 30 people lived there.

## History 
Monango was founded in 1886.

## Geography 
Monango is located at  (46.172520, -98.593856).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

### 2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 36 people, 14 households, and 7 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 22 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 86.1% White and 13.9% from two or more races.

There were 14 households of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, and 50.0% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 32 years. 30.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 to 44; 22.3% were from 45 to 64; and 16.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.4% male and 55.6% female.

### 2000 census 
As of the 2000 census says that there were 28 people, 14 households, and 7 families living in the city. The population density was 76.7 people per square mile (29.2/km²). There were 18 housing units at an average density of 49.3 per square mile (18.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 14 households out of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.7% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.0% were non-families. 50.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 28.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out with 25.0% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 28.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $11,250, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $30,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,652. There were 50.0% of families and 17.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 36.4% of those over 64.

## References
Battle of Big Mound

The **Battle of Big Mound** was a United States Army victory in July 1863 over the Santee Sioux Indians allied with some Yankton, Yanktonai and  Teton Sioux in Dakota Territory.

## Results 
It is stated in the official report that there was 80 Native American causalities, and only 7 total US causalities (3 killed, 4 wounded).
Galia melon

The **Galia melon**, also known as **sarda** in Southeast Asia, is hybrid melon. It comes from a cross between the green-flesh melon cultivar 'Ha-Ogen' and the netted-rind melon cultivar 'Krimka'. It was developed in Israel at the Ne´ve Yaar Research Center of the Agricultural Research Organisation by Dr. Zvi Karchi.  It was released in 1973, and named after Karchi's daughter, whose name means "God's wave" in Hebrew.The Galia melon can look like a cantaloupe the outside and a honeydew inside.

Galia melons have the following characteristics:
* average weight is one kilogram. 
* a rounded shape. 
* rough lines on the skin.
* are yellow when ripe.
* they have a sweet taste and smell.

Ripeness is measured by color of the skin, when it starts turning from green to yellow. After cutting, uneaten pieces should be wrapped and refrigerated to keep flavor.

They are not difficult to grow. Galias are now grown in Algeria, Brazil, Guatemala, Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Southern US regions, Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras, Greece, Turkey, Israel, and Egypt.

## References
Battle of Grand Coteau

The **Battle of Grand Coteau**, or **Battle of Grand Coteau du Missouri**, was a battle that took place between a Métis buffalo hunting party from St. François Xavier, led by Jean Baptiste Falcon, and the Sioux Cut Head Yanktonai, led by Chief Medicine Bear. The Métis won the battle, which took place on July 13 to 14, 1851 in what is now North Dakota.

Chief Medicine Bear's men killed only 1 person and 15 horses but had much larger losses: 15-80 men and 65 horses.

## References
Hornussen

**Hornussen** is sport played in Switzerland. Its name comes from the puck which is called a "Hornuss" (hornet) or "Nouss". When hit, the hornuss can whizz through the air at up to 300 km/h (186.4 mph) and creates a buzzing sound. It is a team sport, played between two teams of 16-20 players. Teams take turns to see how far they can hit the hornuss, while the other team attempts to stop it in the air with a type of bat, called a "schindel".

Together with Schwingen and Steinstossen, Hornussen is seen as a Swiss national sport. There are only a few teams in other countries.

## References
Battle of Stony Lake

The **Battle of Stony Lake** was the third and last engagement of Henry Hastings Sibley's 1863 campaign against the Santee, Yankton, Yanktonai and Teton Sioux in Dakota Territory.

## Results 
300-400 Native American warriors, women, and children were killed. A mere 40 men perished on the side of the US army.
Oregon Concordia University

**Oregon Concordia University** was a private, non-profit Lutheran university in Portland, Oregon in the United States. It was established in 1905.

The university closed after the 2020 spring semester. It was the third private college to close in the Portland-area since 2018.

## References
Melnick 34

**BAT99-116** (commonly called **Melnick 34** or **Mk34**) is a binary Wolf–Rayet star near R136 in the 30 Doradus complex (also known as the Tarantula Nebula) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Both parts are amongst the most massive and luminous stars known. It has a spectral type of WN5h and the most massive binary system with x-ray luminosity. Because of such a high mass, they are expected to only have a few million years of life and become a black hole.

## References
Bob Cashell

**Robert Alan Cashell** (April 22, 1938 – February 11, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He was originally a member of the Democratic Party. He was a Republican after 1983. He served as the mayor of Reno, Nevada from 2002 to 2014. He served as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Nevada from 1983 to 1987. He was on the University of Nevada System Board of Regents from 1979 to 1982. He also served as a board member for Station Casinos from 2011 to 2020.

Cashell was born in Longview, Texas. He was married to Nancy Parker from 1964 until his death in 2020. The couple had four children.

Cashell died of an illness and heart disease-related problems on February 11, 2020 in Reno. He was 81.

## References
Shariff Abdul Samat

**Shariff Abdul Samat** (5 January 1984 – 11 February 2020) was a Singaporean professional footballer. He played as a centre-back. He was the son of Singaporean international footballer, Samad Allapitchay.

## Career 
Shariff played club football for Sembawang Rangers, Home United, Young Lions, Tampines Rovers, Hougang United, Admiralty, Woodlands Wellington and Geylang International. He also played one game for Singapore in 2008.

Shariff died of a heart attack on 11 February 2020. He was 36.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Shaun Donovan

**Shaun Lawrence Sarda Donovan** (born January 24, 1966) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 2009 to 2014 and Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 2014 to 2017. 

On February 3, 2020 he announced his candidacy for Mayor of New York City.

## References
## Other websites
*
John Sweeney (labor leader)

**John Joseph Sweeney** (May 5, 1934 &ndash; February 1, 2021) was an American labor leader. He was president of the AFL-CIO from 1995 to 2009. He was born in New York City.

Sweeney died on February 1, 2021 at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*SEIU Executive Office: John Sweeney Records at the Walter P. Reuther Library Additional abstracts: John Sweeney records, publications and papers at the Walter P. Reuther Library at Wayne State University
* Antonia Bohan 1995 AFL-CIO Convention Delegate Collection.  1995-1996. .39 cubic feet (1 box and 1 oversized folder). At the Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Contains materials from the AFL-CIO convention that elected Sweeney president in 1995.
Gerda Weissmann Klein

**Gerda Weissmann Klein ** (born  **Gerda Weissmann**, May 8, 1924 &ndash; April 3, 2022) was a Polish-American writer, Holocaust survivor, and human rights activist. She was known for her autobiography *All but My Life* (1957) and it was made into a 1995 short movie, *One Survivor Remembers*, which received an Academy Award and an Emmy Award.

On February 15, 2011, Klein was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama.

Klein died on April 3, 2022, at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
* Citizenship Counts official site
* Gerda Weissmann and Kurt Klein Papers 1940s–2011 (bulk 1940s-2001). ASU Libraries, Arizona State University.
Remake

**Remake** means to create something again. It usually means a movie, television series or video game. A remake is similar to the original but usually changes some things. The changes could range from just more detailed art, to a whole new story. It may change the theme or target audience. 

A remake may change some parts of the plot. For example, the 1968 movie *The Thomas Crown Affair* is centered on a bank robbery. The 1999 remake involves the theft of a valuable painting. A lot of times, a remake changes graphics and art.

## Live Action Remakes (animation) 
Recently, a lot of big movie studios like Disney have been remaking successful animated movies into live action ones. They usually do this because it's an easy way to make money, though lots of people don't like how studios make remakes instead of new movies. Even though they're called live action remakes, they often use a lot of CGI. The idea of live action remakes was popularized by Disney after *The Lion King 2019* grossed over 5 million dollars. Usually, live action remakes also change the actors. Sometimes, they also make minor plot changes. They usually are very similar in scripts, music, sets, and plot.

## References
Lalla Fatma N'Soumer

'''Lalla Fatma N'Soumer** (born **Fatima Sayed Ahmed Oomazian)** and also known as **Lalla Fatma'* (c.1830 – c.1863) was an important person in Algeria who fought in a resistance movement when France was invading Algeria.

## Legacy 
The movie *Fatma N'Soumer'' (2014) is about her.

There are many statues, schools and streets in Algeria named after her and many women like her.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  
*  An article confronting information on Lalla Fadhma coming from oral and written sources
*
Driver 2

***Driver 2: Back on the Streets*** (named ***Driver 2: The Wheelman Is Back*** in North America) is the second installment of the *Driver* video game series. It was developed by Reflections Interactive and published by Infogrames. A port to the Game Boy Advance, titled *Driver 2 Advance*, was released in 2002, being developed by Sennari Interactive and was released under Infogrames' Atari range of products.
Katsuya Nomura

was a Japanese baseball player and manager. He played as a catcher in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). From 1954 to 1977, he played for the Nankai Hawks (now the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks). He also played for the Lotte Orions (1978) and the Seibu Lions (1979–80). He was awarded the Pacific League MVP Award five times. As of 2020, he holds the record for second-most home runs and runs batted in in NPB history.

Nomura was a player-manager for his last eight years with the Hawks. He led them to the Pacific League title in 1973. He later became full-time manager of the Yakult Swallows. He managed the team to four league titles and three Japan Series championships from 1990 to 1998. Later, he managed the Hanshin Tigers (1999–2001) and the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles (2006–2009). As a manager, Nomura has 1,565 wins, the fifth-most wins of any manager in NPB history. He was added to the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989.

His first wife died of Subarachnoid hemorrhage in 1982. He was later married to Sachiyo until her death in 2017. The couple's son was NPB player Katsunori Nomura.

On 11 February 2020, Nomura died of a heart attack in Setagaya, Tokyo. He was 84.

## References
## Other websites
*Katsuya Nomura at Baseball-Reference.com
Clarence "Jeep" Jones

**Clarence “Jeep” Jones** (April 17, 1933 – February 1, 2020) was an American community activist. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Jones was the first African-American Deputy Mayor of the city of Boston. He had a 32-year career with the Boston Redevelopment Authority. He was the Chairman of that board for 24 years.

Jones died on February 1, 2020 in Boston at the age of 86.

## References
Christie Blatchford

**Christie Blatchford** (May 20, 1951 – February 12, 2020) was a Canadian newspaper columnist, journalist and broadcaster. Notable publications she wrote for include *Toronto Sun*, *National Post* and *The Globe and Mail*. She also published four non-fiction books. She was born in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec.

Blatchford died of lung cancer in Toronto, Ontario on February 12, 2020. She was 68.

## References
Benon Biraaro

, 2014]]
**Benon Biraaro** (1 March 1958 – 12 February 2020) was a Ugandan military officer. He was a high-ranking commander in the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). He served as the commandant of the Uganda Senior Command and Staff College in Kimaka, Jinja. In 2016, he ran for president of Uganda on behalf of the Farmers' Party.

Biraaro was born in Isingiro District. He attended Makerere University, in Kampala, and Cranfield University in the United Kingdom. On 12 February 2020, Biraaro died of colon cancer in Kampala. He was 61.

## References
World War II casualties

The **Second World War** (1939–1945) caused more than 40 to 85 million deaths (both military and civilian), becoming the deadliest war in human history. Most casualties came from the Soviet Union (27 million) and China (20 million) which suffered from various atrocities (genocide, massacres, forced labor, mistreatment,...) by the Axis powers (primarily Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan) or from diseases (like malaria), starvation, bombardment, sickness and more.

Total civilian deaths were around 50 million, total military deaths were around 25 million, which made up about 3% of world's population at the time (>2 billion). The most targeted ethnic minorities were the Jewish, in which 6 million were killed by the Nazis, decreasing its population in just 5 years of war (initially it was over 9 million before war but less than 4 million after war; see the Holocaust for more information). Other targerted groups by Nazi Germany were the disabled, Slavs, Soviet POWs, Romanians, homosexual groups,.., which gave a total of 11 million people murdered (see Holocaust victims). Japan committed by far worse atrocities than the Nazis against China including the Nanjing Massacre and Unit 731 during the Second Sino–Japanese War, the long 8-years war with Japan had killed over 20 million Chinese people.

While the Allies took the heaviest losses, the Axis took some too. Germany had around 5 to 8 million deaths during the war, Japan had around 2–3 million (246,000 deaths in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), Italy had around 400 to 500 thousand.

## List 
Total deaths from both sides are listed, some are merged with others. These include military and civilian deaths.
Philip Leder

**Philip Leder** (November 19, 1934 – February 2, 2020) was an American geneticist. He was born in Washington, D.C.. He was known for his works towards genetic code and the Nirenberg and Leder experiment. His many prizes include the Lasker Award (1987), the National Medal of Science (1991), the Harvey Prize, and the Heineken Prize awarded by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Institute of Medicine. 

Leder died on February 2, 2020 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania of Parkinson's disease-related problems at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Biographical information Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center
* Links to digital facsimiles Leder's 'Codon notebooks' documenting the Nirenberg and Leder experiment can be found in HOLLIS, the Harvard University's library catalog
* Philip Leder's listing in Research Matters, Harvard University
* Esquire Magazine
Ron McLarty

**Ronald William McLarty** (April 14, 1947&nbsp;– February 8, 2020) was an American actor, playwright, and novelist. He also worked as an audiobook narrator. He recorded over 100 titles and received many Audie Awards. McLarty appeared in many television series such as *Courage the Cowardly Dog* and *Spenser: For Hire. He also wrote dozens of plays and 10 novels. He was known for writing *The Memory of Running'' (2004).

McLarty was born in East Providence, Rhode Island. He studied at Rhode Island College. McLarty died on February 8, 2020 in New York City of dementia-related problems, aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
*
East Providence, Rhode Island

**East Providence** is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 47,139 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-largest city in the state.

## References
Ann E. Todd

* (1939)]]
**Ann Phillips Basart** (born **Ann Todd Phillips**; August 26, 1931 – February 7, 2020), better known by her stage name **Ann Ellen Todd**, was an American child actress. She was a noted music librarian later in life. She acted between 1939 and 1953. She appeared in movies such as *Zaza* (1939), *Homesteaders of Paradise Valley* (1947), *Arthur Takes Over* (1948) and *Cover Up* (1949). She also made appearances in *The Stu Erwin Show'' between 1950 and 1953.

Todd was born in Denver, Colorado. Her father was composer Burrill Phillips. She was married to Robert Basart from 1951 until his death in 1993. Todd had dementia for the final seven years of her life. She died on February 7, 2020, at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jenna Ortega

{{Infobox person
| name               = Jenna Ortega
| image              = Jenna Ortega 2025 (4).png
| caption            = Ortega in 2025
| birth_name         = Jenna Marie Ortega
| birth_date         = 
| birth_place        = Palm Desert, California, U.S.
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| occupation         = Actress
| years_active       = 2012–present
| television         = 
| relatives          = 
| awards             = 
| module             = 
| module2            =  {height}:157 m
}}

**Jenna  Marie Ortega** (born September 27, 2002) is an American actress. She is noted for her roles on television as young Jane in *Jane the Virgin*, Harley Diaz in *Stuck in the Middle* and Ellie Alves in *You*. In 2016, she began voicing Princess Isabel in the Disney Channel animated series *Elena of Avalor*. 

Ortega's movie work includes starring as Annie in *Insidious: Chapter 2* (2013), Mary Ann in *The Little Rascals Save the Day* (2014) and Dawn in *Saving Flora* (2018). 

In 2022, she became well known for playing Wednesday Addams in the Netflix series *Wednesday*. In 2024, she appeared in *Beetlejuice Beetlejuice*.

## Filmography
### Film 
### Television 
### Music videos 
* "Chapstick" (2017), by Jacob Sartorius

## Awards and nominations 
## Notes 
## Sources 
*https://www.fernsehserien.tv/serien-mit-jenna-ortega.shtml

## References
Marinette County, Wisconsin

**Marinette County** is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 41,872. Its county seat is Marinette.

## References
Efigenio Ameijeiras

**Efigenio Ameijeiras Delgado** (September 21, 1931 – February 10, 2020) was a Cuban military commander. He worked with Fidel Castro in the military during the 1950s. 

He was one of the band of Castro's active guerrillas that became known as the 26th of July Movement, named after the raid on Moncada Barracks on 26 July 1953. During the Bay of Pigs Invasion, on 19 April 1961, he commanded a battalion of about 200 police and militia moving south towards Giron, that was attacked by Brigade B-26s.

Ameijeiras died of sepsis on February 10, 2020 at the age of 88.

## References
Lyle Mays

**Lyle David Mays** (November 27, 1953 &ndash; February 10, 2020) was an American jazz pianist and composer. He was best known as a member of the Pat Metheny Group. Metheny and Mays composed and arranged nearly all of the group's music, for which Mays won eleven Grammy Awards. He was born in Wausaukee, Wisconsin.

On February 10, 2020, Mays died after a long-illness in Los Angeles, aged 66.

## References
## Other websites
* Lyle Mays: Shop Talk  at JazzTimes
* The Low Down on *The Way Up* – The making of *The Way Up*
Wausaukee, Wisconsin

**Wausaukee** is a village in Marinette County, Wisconsin, in the United States. The population was 596 at the 2020 census.

## References
George Coyne

**George V. Coyne, S.J.** (January 19, 1933 &ndash; February 11, 2020) was an American Jesuit priest and astronomer. He was Director of the Vatican Observatory from 1978 to 2006 and head of the observatory's research group which is based at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. He was McDevitt Chair of Religious Philosophy at Le Moyne College in Syracuse, New York from 2012 until his death.

Coyne was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He died on February 11, 2020 at a hospital in Syracuse of bladder cancer at the age of 87.

## References
Claire Bretécher

**Claire Bretécher** (; 17 April 1940 – 10 February 2020) was a French cartoonist. She was known for her works which focused on women and gender issues. Her creations included *Les Frustrés*, and the unimpressed teenager *Agrippine*. She was born in Nantes, France. She co-founded ''L'Echo des savanes*.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, she published successful collections, such as *The Destiny of Monique'' (1982). In 2001, Bretécher's series *Agrippine* was made into a 26-episode TV series by Canal+.

Bretécher died on 10 February 2020 at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*Claire Bretécher official site  
*Claire Bretécher official art gallery 
*Claire Bretécher biography on Lambiek Comiclopedia
*biography
Jacques Mehler

**Jacques Mehler** (1936 &ndash; 11 February 2020) was a Spanish-born French-American influential cognitive psychologist. His works focused in language acquisition. He was born in Barcelona.

Mehler is Emeritus at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales. He worked at the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste. He was editor in chief of the journal *Cognition* until 2007. 

In 1989, Mehler was elected a member of the Academia Europaea, in 2001, he was elected a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 2003, he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

## References
Dmitri Borgmann

**Dmitri Borgmann** (1927 - 1985) was the man who created the sentence "Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo".  He published the sentence in his book "Beyond Language".  The sentence was later used by William J. Rapaport who was a professor in the University at Buffalo in Buffalo, New York.  The sentence has had a recent resurgence on the internet.

Borgmann has a Jewish background and was born in Berlin. He fled with his parents to the United States in the 1930s.

## References
Apatheism

**Apatheism** (; a portmanteau of *apathy* and *theism*) is the attitude of apathy towards the existence or non-existence of God(s). It is more of an attitude rather than a belief, claim, or belief system.

An apatheist is someone who is not interested in accepting or rejecting any claims that gods exist or do not exist. The existence of God(s) is not rejected, but may be designated irrelevant.

Scientist and philosopher Ian von Hegner has argued that apatheism is an alternative to positions such as theism, atheism, and agnosticism, with implications that have been overlooked in modern philosophical discussions. Philosopher Trevor Hedberg has called apatheism "uncharted territory in the philosophy of religion."

## References
Theological noncognitivism

**Theological noncognitivism** is the position that religious language –&nbsp;specifically, words such as "God"&nbsp;– and "Allah"&nbsp;– are not coherently defined. It is sometimes considered synonymous with ignosticism and igtheism.

One argument holds to the claim that definitions of "God" and "Allah" are , self-instituting ,  . For example, a sentence stating that "God is He who created everything, apart from Himself", is seen as circular rather than an irreducible truth.
Bjelovar-Bilogora County

**Bjelovar-Bilogora County** (;  ) is a county in central Croatia.

The town of Bjelovar was first mentioned in historical records in 1413. It became important when a fort was built in 1756 to defend against the Ottoman Empire, who often invaded Croatia.

A hill, Bilogora, is along the northern edge of the county. Thus the name comes from the two important features in the county, Bjelovar and Bilogora.

Other towns in the county are Daruvar, Garešnica, Čazma and Grubišno Polje.

The Bjelovar-Bilogora County borders on Koprivnica-Križevci County in the north, Virovitica-Podravina County in the northeast, Požega-Slavonia County in the southeast, Sisak-Moslavina County in the southwest and Zagreb County in the west.

## Administrative division
Bjelovar-Bilogora County is divided into 5 towns and 18 municipalities.

## Demographics
 of Bjelovar-Bilogora County per 2011 Census.]]

As of the 2011 census, the county had 119,764 people in it. The population density is 45 people per km2.

Most people are ethnic Croats. They are 84.8% of the population. Serbs are 6.3%, and Czechs are 5.2%.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* Turistička zajednica Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije Tourist Board
F(x)

**f(x)** may refer to:
* Function (mathematics), which can be written as 
* f(x) (group), a South Korean girl group
Wendell Rodricks

**Wendell Rodricks** (28 May 1960&nbsp;– 12 February 2020) was an Indian fashion designer and author. He was born in Goa, India. He was also an activist for social causes, the environment, and gay rights. Rodricks was known for his eco-friendly fashion.

Rodricks began his career in fashion by designing for Garden Vareli, Lakmé Cosmetics and DeBeers. He launched his own label in 1989.

He made cameo appearances in the 2003 movie *Boom* and in the television play *True West* in 2002. He also played himself in the 2008 movie *Fashion*.

In 2014, the Government of India awarded him its fourth-highest civilian award, the Padma Shri.

Rodricks died on 12 February 2020 at his home in Goa of cardiac arrest, aged 59.

## References
## Other websites
*  
*
NGC 3603-B

image of the central region of HD 97950.]]
**NGC 3603-B** (**HD 97950B**) is a Wolf-Rayet star located at the centre of the HD 97950 cluster in the NGC 3603 star-forming region. It is about 20,000 light years from Earth. It has the spectral type of WN6h and is among the most luminous and massive stars known. WN6 indicates that there are ionized nitrogen lines that are strong in comparison to the ionized carbon lines. NGC 3603 is 132 times the mass of the Sun. It has a luminousity of 2,900,000. Although the star is very young, 1.5 million years old, it has lost a considerable fraction of it's initial masses.
Second Sudanese Civil War

The **Second Sudanese Civil War** was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it started in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and the Blue Nile. It lasted for 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan six years after the war ended.

Roughly two million people died as a result of war. The conflict also caused famine and disease. Four million people in southern Sudan were displaced at least once during the war. The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II and was marked by numerous human rights violations. These include slavery and mass killings.
## References
Flappy Bird

***Flappy Bird*** is a mobile game developed by Vietnamese video game artist and programmer Dong Nguyen (), under his game development company dotGears. *Flappy Bird* was released on May 24, 2013.

The game also generated some criticism because of the similarities it had with popular videogame franchise *Mario*, the one by which Flappy Bird was accused of plagiarism and lack of originality.

## Gameplay
The point of the game is for the titular bird to fly between columns of green pipes with the player controlling the bird making it fly higher.

## Removal and new version
On Valentine's Day 2014, Nguyen announced on Twitter that he was going to remove the game from app stores. This was because he became too guilty that the game had been seen as an addiction. In September 2024, it was announced that a new version was being made by Gametech Holdings, under the name "The Flappy Bird Foundation".

## References
Nikitas Venizelos

**Nikitas Venizelos** (; July 1930 – 12 February 2020) was a Greek shipping businessman and politician. He ran the Venezelos SA shipping company. He was a member of the Hellenic Parliament from 1974 to 1981 and again from 1993 to 1996. He was Deputy Speaker from 1993 to 1996. He was born in Athens.

Venizelos died on 12 February 2020 in Athens at the age of 89.

## References
Mehriban Aliyeva

**Mehriban Arif qizi Aliyeva** (née **Pashaeva**, ; born 26 August 1964) is an Azerbaijani physician, ophthalmologist and politician. She is the First Vice President since 2017 and First Lady of Azerbaijan since 2003. 

She is also the head of Heydar Aliyev Foundation, the chairperson of Azerbaijani Culture Friends Foundation, the President of Azerbaijani Gymnastics Federation, and the goodwill ambassador of UNESCO and ISESCO.

In 1983, she married Ilham Aliyev. They have three children.

## References
Des Britten

**Sir Desmond John Britten**  (1939 – 13 February 2020) was a New Zealand restaurateur, radio broadcaster, television chef, cookbook writer and Anglican priest. He was Wellington City Missioner for 17 years, and was knighted in 2012. He was born Otane in Hawke's Bay.

Britten was ordained an Anglican priest in 1983

He presented two cooking shows on New Zealand television in the 1970s — *Thyme for Cookery* and *Bon Appetit* — and ran "The Coachman"' restaurant in Wellington for 28 years.

## References
Jimmy Thunder

'''Ti'a James Senio Peau** (3 February 1966 – 13 February 2020) known professionally as **Jimmy Thunder''', was a New Zealand professional boxer. He represented New Zealand, but also held the Australian heavyweight title twice, as well as the IBO and WBF heavyweight titles. He holds the world record for the fastest knockout (1½ seconds) in the history of boxing.

Peau died in his sleep in Auckland on 13 February 2020, following brain surgery, aged 54.

## References
Sharlto Copley

**Sharlto Copley** (born 27 November 1973) is a South African actor. 

He has played Wikus van der Merwe in the Oscar-nominated science fiction movie *District 9*, Howling Mad Murdock in the 2010 adaptation of *The A-Team*, Agent C.M. Kruger in the science fiction movie *Elysium*, James Corrigan in the science fiction horror movie *Europa Report* and King Stefan in the dark fantasy adventure movie *Maleficent*. 

He also played the title character in the science fiction movie *Chappie*, as Jimmy in *Hardcore Henry*, and starred in two seasons as Christian Walker of the TV series *Powers*. 

Sharlto is married to fellow South African actress and supermodel Tanit Phoenix.

## References