Opioid epidemic in the United States

In the United States, many prescribed painkillers use opioids. Opioids are effective at suppressing pain, but they can cause addiction. When people take opioids for a longer period of time, they will get addicted. Because of this, many people in the U.S. are addicted, and there are also many addiction-related deaths. This is known as the **opioid crisis** or **opioid epidemic**  

The crisis intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the CDC, almost 841,000 people died from drug overdoses between 1999 and March 2021. Most of them had become addicted to painkillers that were previously prescribed. The increase in deaths from drug overdoses is thought to be partially caused by an increase in isolation (doing drugs alone) during COVID, meaning that people could die more easily by not having others to watch over them. 

One such opioid is fentanyl. Since 2018, fentanyl and its analogues have been responsible for most drug overdose deaths in the United States, causing over 71,238 deaths in 2021. Fentanyl caused more deaths than other opioids or opiates.

In 2023, it is said that "more Americans than ever are dying from fentanyl overdoses". The number of people dying because of fentanyl has increased with the illicit manufacture of the drug, and by its use with methamphetamines. 111,000 people died from January to April 2023 - more than those who died in car accidents.

Narcan is a drug that can be used to reverse or reduce the effects of opioids. It is available in vending machines in some Chicago subway stations. It can be bought without a prescription in some states, and in some places it is free.

## Movie 
*The Crime of the Century* is an American two-part documentary movie, directed, produced, and written by Alex Gibney. The movie follows the opioid epidemic in the United States, and the political operatives, government regulations and corporations that enable the abuse of opioids, particularly the Sackler family and Purdue Pharma. It was aired in two parts beginning on May 10, 2021, and May 11, 2021, by HBO.

## Books 
* Eric Eyre, *Death in Mud Lick: A Coal Country Fight Against the Drug Companies That Delivered the Opioid Epidemic.* Scribner, New York 2020, ISBN 978-1-9821-0531-0 
* Travis D. Stimeling (ed. ): *The Opioid Epidemic and US Culture: Expression, Art, and Politics in an Age of Addiction.* West Virginia University Press, Morganstown 2020, ISBN 978-1-949199-70-3 .
* Wendy Welch (ed. ): *From the Front Lines of the Appalachian Opioid Crisis: Healthcare Providers on Addiction and Healing.* McFarland & Co, Jefferson 2020, ISBN 978-1-4766-8226-6 .
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* Barry Meier: ''Pain Killer: An Empire of Deceit and the Origin of America's Opioid Epidemic.* (First published 2003; expanded and updated edition. Random House, 2018, ISBN 978-0-525-51110-6 ).
* Chris McGreal, *American Overdose: The Opioid Tragedy in Three Acts* . Public Affairs, 2018, ISBN 978-1-61039-861-9 
* David E. Newton: *The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook.* Greenwood Press, Westport 2018, ISBN 978-1-4408-6435-3 .
* Patrick Radden Keefe, *The Family That Built an Empire of Pain.* *The Sackler dynasty's ruthless marketing of painkillers has generated billions of dollars—and millions of addicts.* In: *The New Yorker*, 30. October 2017.

## Other websites 
* Berit Uhlmann: *Opioid crisis in the USA.* *A country under drugs*, In: *Süddeutsche Zeitung* from 26. October 2017
* Josh Katz: *Drug Deaths in America Are Rising Faster Than Ever* . In: *The New York Times* of 5. June 2017
* *Opioid Epidemic: Addicted Newborns in the US*  . Art, 2018
* *The Endless Crisis - The Lost Battle Against Opioids in the USA .'' Podcast by Deutschlandfunk from 3. October 2021

## References