Waray language

**Wáray-Wáray** or **Warai** (commonly spelled as *Waray*; also *Winaray* or *Lineyte-Samarnon*) is a language spoken in the provinces of Samar, Leyte, and Biliran in the Philippines.

The **Waraynon** group of languages consists of Waray, Waray Sorsogon, and Masbate Sorsogon. All the Warayan languages belong to the Visayan language family and are related to Cebuano and more closely to Hiligaynon and Masbateño.

## Usage
Waray-Waray is one of the ten officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines and is used by the local government. It is spoken throughout the islands, especially in the Eastern Visayas region. But it is also spoken in some parts of Mindanao, Masbate, Sorsogon, and Metro Manila where Warays went to. There is also a very small number of Filipinos abroad, especially in the United States, that speak this language.

## Sounds
The Waray language has sixteen consonants: . There are three main vowels: *a* , *i* , and *u* . Consonants  and  were once allophone but cannot interchange, like *palaron* (to be lucky) [from *palad*, palm (because someone's luck is seen in the palm)] but not *paladon* and *tagadiín* (from where) [from *diín*, where] but not *tagariín*.

### Numbers
Native numbers are used for numbers one through ten. From eleven onwards, Spanish numbers are exclusively used in Waray today, their native counterparts being almost unheard of by the majority of native speakers numbers (except for gatus for *hundred* and yukot for *thousand*). Some, specially the old ones, are spoken alongside the Spanish counterparts.

### Some common words and phrases
Below are examples of the Waray spoken in Metropolitan Tacloban and the nearby areas:
* Can you understand Waray?: *¿Nakakaintindi / Nasabut ka hin Winaray?* (*hin* or *hiton*)
* Good morning (noon / afternoon / evening): *Maupay nga aga (udto / kulop / gab-i)*
* Thank you: *Salamat*
* I love you: *Hinihigugma ko ikaw* or *Ginhihigugma ko ikaw* or *Pina-ura ta ikaw*
* Where are you from? : *¿Taga diin ka?* or *¿Taga nga-in ka?* 
*  What is your name? : *¿Ano it imo ngaran?*
* Who are you?: *¿Hin-o ka?*
* How are you? : *¿Kumusta ka na?* 
* I'm fine / In God's will: *Kalu-oy sa Dyos*
* How much is this? : *¿Tag pira ini?*
* I like this / that: * Karuyag ko ini / itun*
* I can't understand: *Diri ako nakakaintindi* or *Diri ako nakakasabut*
* I don't know: *Diri ako maaram* or *Ambot*
* What: *Ano*
* Who: *Hin-o*
* Where: *Hain* or *Di-in*
* When (future): *San-o*
* When (past): *Kakan-o*
* Why: *Kay-ano*
* How: *¿Gin-aano?/¿Patiunan-o?*
* Yes: *Oo*
* No: *Dire* */* *Diri*
* There: *Adto* or *Didto* or *Ngad-to*
* Here: *Didi* or *Nganhi* or *Din-hi*
* Up: *Igbaw*
* Down: *Ubos*
* Top: *Baw-baw*
* Bottom: *Ilarom* or *Sirong*
* Right: *Tu-o*
* Left: *Wala*
* Far: *Harayu / Harayo*
* Near: *Hirane / Hirani*
* Front or in front: *Atubang* or *Atubangan*
* Night: *Gab-i*
* Day: *Adlaw*
* Nothing: *Waray*
* Good: *Maupay*
* Beautiful: *Mahusay*
* Handsome: *Gwapo*
* Boy: *Lalaki*
* Girl: *Babayi*
* Gay: *Bayot*
* Lesbian: *Lesbyana*
* I'm a friend of...: *Sangkay ak ni...*
* I'm lost here: *Nawawara ak didi.*
* Maybe: *Bangin*
* I wish...: *Kunta*

### Other common words
#### Technical terms
* Gold - *Bulawan*
* Steel - *Puthaw*
* Car - *Awto /* *Sarakyan /* *Kotchi / Sasakyan*
* Airplane - *Edro /* *Eroplano*
* Airport - *Lupadan /* *Landingan*

#### Astronomical terms
* Earth - *Kalibutan*
* Moon - *Bulan*; Indonesian - *Bulan*
* Sun - *Adlaw*
* Star - *Bituon* Indonesian - *bintang*

#### Natural terms
* Wind - *Hangin*; Indonesian - *Angin*
* Fire - *Kalayo*
* Land - *Tuna*; Indonesian - *Tanah*
* Water - *Lawod / Tubig*
* Nature - *Libong*
* Mountain - *Bukid*; Indonesian - *Bukit*
* Sea - *Dagat*
* Ocean - *Kalawdan* Indonesian - *Laut* i.e. ka-laut-an
* Island - *Puro / Isla* Indonesian - *Pulau*
* Archipelago - *Kapuruan*; Indonesian - *Kepulauan*
* River - *Salog*
* Lake - *Danaw*; Indonesian - *Danau*

#### Parts of the house
* House - *Balay* or *Payag*
* Room - *Kwarto* or *Sulod*
* Bedroom - *Sulod-Katurugan*
* Kitchen - *Kusina*
* Outdoor Kitchen - *Abuhan*
*Living Room - *Sala*
* Dining Room - *Kaunan*
* Bathroom - *Kubeta / Kasilyas* */* *Karigu-an / Banyo*
*Stairs - *Hagdan / Hagdanan*
*Garage - *Garahe / Garahi*
*Roof - *Atup / Atop*

#### Members of the Family
* Father - *Amay / Tatay / Papa*
* Mother - *Iroy /* *Nanay* */* *Mama*
* Child - *Anak*
*Son - *Anak nga Lalaki*
*Daughter - *Anak nga Babayi*
*Sibling - *Bugto*
* Brother - *Bugto nga lalaki*
* Sister - *Bugto nga Babayi*
* Grandparent - *Apoy*
*Grandfather - *Lolo*
*Grandmother - *Lola*
* Cousin - *Patod*
* Nephew/Niece - *Umangkon*
* Son-in-Law/Daughter-in-Law - *Umagad*
* Brother-in-Law - *Bayaw*
*Sister-in-Law - *Hipag*
* Father-in-Law/Mother-in-Law - *Ugangan*
* Oldest Child - *Suhag*
* Youngest Child - *Puto* or *Pudo*

#### Fashion words
* Hat - *Kalo*
*Pants - *Saruwal*
* Clothes - *Bado /* *Duros*
* Belt - *Paha*
*Socks - *Medyas*
*Shoes - *Sapatos*

#### Food
* Bread - *Tinapay*
* Rice (cooked) - *Kan-on / Luto*
*Rice (unhusked and raw) - *Bugas*
*Rice (still in husk) - *Humay*
*Rice (charred) - *Tukag*
* Viand - *Sura*
* Coffee - *Kape*
*Sugar - *Asukar*
*Salt - *Asin*
*Soy Sauce - *Toyo*
* Vinegar - *Suoy / Suka*

#### Animals
* Dog - *Ayam / Iru / Ido*
* Cat - *Uding /* *Misay*
* Rat - *Yatot / Yatut*
* Crocodile - *Buaya*
* Bird - *Tamsi*
* Snake - *Halas*
*Cow - *Baka*
*Pig - *Baboy*
*Goat - *Kanding*
* Carabao - *Karabaw*
*Fish - *Isda*
* Crab - *Masag*
*Shrimp - *Pasayan*
* Lobster - *Tapusok*

### Waray-Waray loanwords and cognates
#### Common Waray Waray words and its foreign and local origin
##### Indonesian/Malay Cognates
* Mulay (English: to play)- from Indonesian *mulai*
* Balay (English: house) - from Indonesian *balai*
* Sarapati (English: pigeon) - from Indonesian *merpati*
* Kapuruan (English: archipelago) - from Indonesian/Malay *kepulauan*
* Posporo (English: match) - from Indonesian/Malay *posporo*
* Mata (English: eyes) - from Indonesian/Malay *mata*
* Bulan (English: moon/month) - from Indonesian/Malay *bulan*
* Ini (English: this/these) - from Indonesian/Malay *ini*
* Kamo (English: you [plural]) - from Indonesian/Malay *kamu*

##### Spanish
* Abandonada (Spanish: Abandonado/a) – abandoned
* Abaniko (Spanish: Abanico) – fan
* Abriha (Spanish: Abrir, Filipino: Abrihin) – to open
** Abrelata (Spanish: Abrelatas) – tin-opener/can opener
* Abril (Spanish: Abril) – April
* Abogado (Spanish: Abogado) – lawyer, attorney
* Aborido (Spanish: Aburrido) – bored (used in Tagalog as 'anxious, confused')
* Akasya (Spanish: Acacia) – acacia tree
* Aksidente (Spanish: Accidente) – accident
* Adurnuha (Spanish: Adornar, Filipino: Adurnuhan) – to decorate
* Agrabiyado (Spanish: Agraviado) – being aggrieved
* Aginaldo (Spanish: Aguinaldo) – Christmas gift
* Agosto (Spanish: Agosto) – August
* Ahensiya (Spanish: Agencia) – agency
* Ahente (Spanish: Agente) – agent
* Alahas (Spanish: Alhaja) – jewel
* Alambre (Spanish: Alambre) – wire
* Alkansiya (Spanish: Alcancía) – piggy bank
* Alpilir (Spanish: Alfiler) – pin
* Alsaha (Spanish: Alzar, Filipino: Alsahin) – Ambisyoso (Spanish: Ambicioso) – ambitious
* Ambisyon (Spanish: Ambición) – ambitionArbularyo (Spanish: Herbolario) - Medicine man (from "Herbo" -herb)
* Arina (Spanish: Harina) – flour
* Arkitekto (Spanish: Arquitecto) – architect
* Armado (Spanish: Armado) – armed
* Armibal (Spanish: Almíbar) – syrup
* Artista (Spanish: Artista) – artist (used in Waray Waray as 'actor/actress')
* Ariyos (Spanish: Arreos) – tack (used in Waray Waray as 'earrings')
* Asintado (Spanish: Asentado) – settled
* Asero (Spanish: Acero) – steel
* Asno (Spanish: Asno) – donkey
* Asoge (Spanish: Azogue) – mercury
* Asosasyon (Spanish: Asociación) – association
* Asukar (Spanish: Azúcar) – sugar
* Asul (Spanish: Azul) – blue
* Asyatiko (Spanish: Asiatico) – Asian
* Intyendeha (Spanish: Atender) – to attend to
* Atrasado (Spanish: Atrasado) – overdue, slow (clock), backward (used in Waray Waray as 'late')
* Ayudaha (Spanish: Ayudar, Filipino: Ayudahan) – to help
* Banyo/Kasilyas (Spanish: Baño) – bathroom, toilet
* Baraha (Spanish: Baraja) – deck of playing cards
* Baratilyo (Spanish: Baratillo) – flea market (used in Waray Waray as 'bargain sale')
* Barato (Spanish: Barato) – cheap
* Barbero (Spanish: Barbero) – barber
* Barbula (Spanish: Válvula) – valve
* Bareta (Spanish Bareta) – bar
* Bagahe (Spanish: Bagaje) – baggage
* Baho (Spanish : Vaho) – steam (used in Waray Waray as 'foul smell')
* Bintana (Spanish: Ventana) – window
* Bintilador (Spanish: Ventilador) – electric fan
* Birhen (Spanish: Virgen) – virgin
* Bisagra (Spanish: Bisagra) – hinge
* Bisikleta (Spanish: Bicicleta) – bicycle
* Bisitaha (Spanish: Visitar) – to visit
* Botika/Botica/Parmasya/Farmacia - drugstore, pharmacy
* Conbensido (Spanish: Convencido) - convinced
* Demanda (Spanish: Demanda) – demand
* Demokrasiya (Spanish: Democracia) – democracy
* Demonyo (Spanish:Demonio) – demon, evil spirit
* Huygo (Spanish:Juego)- game (used in Waray Waray as 'gambling'
* Hugador (Spanish:Jugador)- game (used in Waray Waray as 'gambler'
* Dentista (Spanish: Dentista) – dentist
* Departamento (Spanish: Departamento) – department, bureau
* Depensa (Spanish: Defensa) – defense
* Deposito (Spanish: Depósito) – depot (fuel), deposit (money)
* Desisyon (Spanish: Decisión) – decision

* Diyos/a (Spanish: Dios/a) – god/goddess
* Doble (Spanish: Doble) – double
* Doktor/a (Spanish: Doctor/a) – doctor
* Don (Spanish: Don) – Mr. (used in Waray Waray to address a rich man)
* Donya (Spanish: Doña) – Mrs. (used in Waray Waray to address a rich woman)
* Dos (Spanish: Dos) – two
* Dose (Spanish: Doce) – twelve
* Dosena (Spanish: Docena) – dozen
* Drama (Spanish: Drama) – drama
* Droga (Spanish: Droga) – drugs
* Karsonsilyo/Carsoncillo (Spanish: Carsoncillo) – boxer shorts (used in Waray Waray as 'shorts')
* Marigoso (Spanish: Amargoso) - bittermelon
* Padre (Spanish: Padre) - father (used in Waray Waray as a title for a Roman Catholic priest)

##### Portuguese
* Porta (Portuguese: Porta) - door
* Multo (Portuguese: Morto) - ghost

##### Nahuatl
* Achuete (Nahuatl: *Achiotl*; Mexican Spanish: *Achiote*) – annatto seeds used to give food a reddish color
* Kakao/Kakaw (Cacao) (Nahuatl: *Cacahuatl*) – cacao or cocoa
* Sayote (Nahuatl: *Chayotli*; Mexican Spanish: *Chayote*) – a Mexican squash
* Tiyangge (Nahuatl: *Tianquiztli*; Mexican Spanish: *Tianguis*) – seasonal markets
* Tsokolate (Nahuatl: *Xocolatl*) – chocolate

##### Chinese
* Bakya (Fukien Chinese) – native wooden sandals
* Bihon – Vermicelli (made of rice flour)
* Bitsin (Fukien Chinese: Bi chhin) – monosodium glutamate
* Jueteng (Fukien Chinese) – illegal numbers game
* Lumpia (Fukien Chinese) – spring rolls

##### English
* Basket – basket
* Basketbol – basketball
* Basketbulan - basketball court
* Bilib - believe
* Bilyar - billiard
* Bilyaran - billiard hall
* Chiki - check
* Dyeepnee – jeep
* Elementari – elementary
* Ekonomiks - economics
* Eksport – export
* Ekpres - express
* Erkon - air con
* Greyd – grade
* Groseri – grocery
* Hai Skul – High School
* Iskor – score
* Iskrin – screen
* Ispiker - speaker
* Keyk – cake
* Kostomer/Kustomer – customer
* Kompyuter – computer
* Kondisyoner - conditioner
* Kontrol - control
* Krim - cream
* Kukis - cookies
* Lider – leader
* Losyon - lotion
* Manedyer – manager
* Masel – muscle
* Makroekonomiks - macroeconomics
* Maikroekonomiks - microeconomics
* Isparkol - sparkle

##### Cebuano
* Bana (Cebuano: Bana) - husband

## Trivia
* Waray is the only language in the Philippines that uses the inverted question mark (¿...?) and the inverted exclamation point (¡...!). 

## Related pages
* Waray Wikipedia

## References
## Other websites
* Radyo Waraynon - Waraynon Internet Radio Station 
* Waray Museum Blog featuring Waray literature
* Online Lineyte-Samarnon (Waray)-English Dictionary (also with Videos, Photos, Music, News, Local Destinations) 
* Waray lessons 
* Bansa.org Waray Dictionary 
* Ethnologue Report for Waray
* A downloadable Waray dictionary with etymologies and Cebuano, Tagalog cognates by Andras Rajki 
* Waray Explained  (Online Tutorial)