open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dominik Duka

**Dominik Jaroslav Duka**, O.P. (26 April 1943 – 4 November 2025) was a Czech prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the Archbishop of Prague from 2010 to 2022. He was made a cardinal in 2012. He was Bishop of Hradec Králové from 1998 to 2010.

Duka died on 4 November 2025 at a hospital in Prague, Czech Republic from problems caused by surgery at the age of 82.

## References
Teno Roncalio

**Teno Domenico Roncalio** (born **Celeste Domenico Roncaglio**; March 23, 1916 – March 30, 2003), was an American politician and writer. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967 and again from 1971 to 1978. He is the last Democrat to have represented Wyoming in Congress.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Teno Roncalio Papers at the American Heritage Center
* Select Digital Collection of the Teno Roncalio Papers at AHC Digital Collections
Donald J. Atwood Jr.

**Donald Jesse Atwood Jr.** (May 25, 1924 &ndash; April 24, 1994) was an American politician. He was appointed Deputy Secretary of Defense for U.S. President George H. W. Bush in 1989. Atwood wrote the proposal that helped built the Apollo guidance system.

Atwood Jr. died on April 24, 1994 at a hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan while recovering from surgery for a bleeding ulcer at the age of 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kent Hance

**Kent Ronald Hance** (born November 14, 1942) is an American politician and lawyer. He was the Chancellor of the Texas Tech University System from 2006 to 2014. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from West Texas from 1979 to 1985. He later switched to the Republican Party and in both 1986 and 1990 ran for governor of Texas, losing in the primary election.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/101906/loc_101906028.shtml
*Papers, 1953–1984 and undated, in the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library at Texas Tech University
*
Inna Vernikov

**Inna Vernikov** (born August 30, 1984) is a Ukrainian-born American lawyer and politician. She is a member of the New York City Council for the 48th District since 2021. She was the Minority Whip of the City Council from 2022 until 2025. At first, she was a Democrat, but Vernikov has been a member of the Republican Party since 2021.

## Personal life
Vernikov was born in Chernivtsi in Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union to Jewish parents. At age 12, she immigrated with her family to the United States. She graduated from Baruch College and from Florida Coastal School of Law.

Vernikov was an immigration and divorce lawyer.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
Downloadable content

**Downloadable content**, known informally as a DLC, refers to an additional and optional piece of content that is paired with existing video games which must be downloaded separately, often after the original release. DLCs can range from adding extra graphical settings, to entire areas and mechanics being included. DLCs are not to be confused with mods.

## References
Megan Skiendiel

**Megan Meiyok Skiendiel** (born February 10, 2006), known as **Megan**, is an American singer, dancer, and actress. She is a member of the girl group Katseye, which was formed in 2023 through the reality show *The Debut: Dream Academy* by Hybe Corporation and Geffen Records.

## Early life
Megan Skiendiel was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. Her mother is Chinese Singaporean and her father is of Lithuanian, Swedish, German, Irish, Scottish and English . Her Chinese name, *Meiyok* (美玉), means “beautiful jade.” She has one older brother named Tyler.

Megan’s paternal grandfather was Algrid (also spelled Algred or Algerd) William Skiendiel, born in Brockton, Massachusetts. His parents were Algrid William Skiendiel, born in Massachusetts to Lithuanian parents Joseph W. Skiendiel (Juozapas Skendelis) and Domicella Makauskas, and Dorothy May Emberg, born in Massachusetts to Swedish parents John (Jack) C. Emberg and Anna Vesterlund.

Megan's paternal grandmother was Judith E. Grant, born in Brockton, Massachusetts. Her parents were James Gordon Grant, born in Easton, Massachusetts, the son of Scottish-born John Gordon Grant and Annie Amelia Garvie from Nova Scotia, Canada, and Rita M. Engel (later Peters), born in North Easton, Massachusetts. Rita was the daughter of Bernard Hugo Engel and Mary Ann Clonan, whose family had Irish roots in Aghabullogue, County Cork, Ireland, and she was later raised by Andrew Peters and Bridget Agnes Michan.

Skiendiel began dancing when she was a year old and started singing lessons when she was six. She has spoken about having dyslexia, psoriasis, and being  when she was young. Because of these conditions, she studied online from the fourth grade. 

Skiendiel speaks English, basic Cantonese, and French.

She worked as a model in the Paris and Los Angeles fashion weeks and appeared in TV commercials, including a campaign for U.S. Bank called “Say It, Do It.”

### 2023–present: Katseye
Early In 2023, Skiendiel joined the show ''*, a global competition to form a new girl group. She finished fifth in the final rankings and became one of six members of Katseye. The group’s first single, "Debut", came out on June 28, 2024. It was part of their first EP, *SIS (Soft Is Strong)*.

In September 2024, Skiendiel took a short break from Katseye’s Asia tour because of a back injury caused by scoliosis. She returned to perform later that year at ’s Jingle Ball in Boston.

## Personal life
On June 6, 2025, Skiendiel came out as bisexual during a live broadcast with her bandmate Lara Raj on . 

Skiendiel is allergic to cinnamon, cats, and grass. She has also talked about living with psoriasis and has encouraged others to be open about health and self-acceptance.

## Discography
## Filmography
### Television
* *Sydney to the Max* (2021) – Tamira
* *Bosch: Legacy* (2022) – Student

### Movies
* *Jurassic World* (2015) – Park visitor (uncredited)
* *Ripple Effect* (2021) – Ivy

### Reality shows
* *The Debut: Dream Academy* (2023) – Contestant
* *Pop Star Academy: Katseye'' (2024) – Herself

## References
## Other websites
*
Samuel Lister, 1st Baron Masham

Samuel Lister, 1st Baron Masham is a very good person **Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron Masham** (1 January 1815 – 2 February 1906), was an English inventor and industrialist, notable for inventing the Lister nip come

## Early life 
He was born in Calverley Hall (now Calverley House Farm- not to be confused with the medieval manor of the same name), near Bradford, the son of Ellis Cunliffe Lister (1774–1853), the first Member of Parliament elected for Bradford after the Reform Act 1832 (2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 45), and Mary (née Kay) Lister. In 1854 he married Anne Dearden, daughter of John Dearden; they had five daughters. He started his working life working for a Liverpool firm of merchants.
Sour sugar

.]]
**Sour sugar**, or **sour sanding**, is a food ingredient that is used to impart a sour flavor, made from citric or tartaric acid and sugar. It is used to coat sour candies such as Sour Patch Kids and other candies, or to make hard candies taste tart, such as SweeTarts.

Eating extremely large portions of sour candies can cause irritation of the tongue because of the acid effect. It can also cause irreversible dental erosion.

Stabilizers are used to keep it from getting moist or clumping.

## References
Given to Fly

"**Given to Fly**" is a 1997 song by alternative rock band Pearl Jam and is the leading single from their fifth studio album *Yield*. It went to the top 20 in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, Ireland, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

## Track listings
**Standard 7-inch, CD, and cassette single**
# "Given to Fly" (Mike McCready, Eddie Vedder)
# "Pilate" (Jeff Ament)
# "Leatherman" (Vedder)

**European CD single**
# "Given to Fly" (McCready, Vedder)
# "Leatherman" (Vedder)

## References
Leptodactylus longirostris

The **long snouted thin-toed frog** or **longnose frog**  (*Leptodactylus longirostris*) is a frog.  It lives in  Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

## Home
This frog lives in forests, open places, and people's gardens. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1300 meters above sea level. This frog is good at living in places that human beings have changed. Scientists saw the frog in protected places.

## Young
The frog lays its eggs on land, and the tadpoles swim in water.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out.

## References
Untitled (The Smashing Pumpkins song)

"**Untitled**" is a 2001 song by the Smashing Pumpkins and was taken from their greatest hits album *Rotten Apples*.

## Track listing
Mann Mast Malang

***Mann Mast Malang*** (Urdu: من مست ملنگ) is a 2025 Pakistani television drama series. It was shown on Geo Entertainment on 21 February 2025. The series is directed by Ali Faizan. It is written by Nooran Makhdoom, and produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi in 7th Sky Entertainment. It has Danish Taimoor and Sahar Hashmi in lead roles.

## Cast 
The cast has:
* Danish Taimoor as Kabir Khan
** Harmain Ghalib as young Kabir Khan
* Sahar Hashmi as Riya
** Aayat Arif as young Riya
* Nayyar Ejaz as Chacha
* Saba Hameed as Mah Bina
* Kamran Jilani as Mubeen
* Uzma Hassan as Asma
* Adnan Samad Khan as Sikandar
* Hiba Ali Khan as Wafa
* Dodi Khan as Wajid
* Ramiz Siddiqui as Rameez
* Yasir Alam as Yasir
* Sheherzade Noor Peerzada as Kashaf
* Maha Hasan as Minha
* Faisal Bali as Bhola
* Sharif Baloch as Inspector

## Soundtrack 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Mann Mast Malang at 7th Sky Entertainment
Nara Club

is a Japanese football (soccer) club based in the Nara city, capital of Nara Prefecture. They currently play in J3 League, the third tier professional in the Japanese football.

## References 
## Other websites
Band in China

"**Band in China**" is the 2nd episode of the twenty-third season of South Park, which was aired by Comedy Central on TV in the United States. It was a satirical story about self-censorship, so the government of China banned the entire cartoon in response.
## References
Mikal Bridges

**Mikal Bridges** ( ; born August 30, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

## References
## Other websites
* Career statistics from NBA.com · Basketball Reference
*DraftExpress profile 
*Villanova Wildcats bio
*A Phoenix Sun rises: Mikal Bridges determined to be a complete player
Golden (Huntr/x song)

"**Golden**" is a song from the 2025 animated musical urban fantasy movie *KPop Demon Hunters*. The song was performed by Ejae, Audrey Nuna, and Rei Ami as the fictional K-pop girl group Huntr/x. It was released as a single on July 4, 2025, through Republic Records, and was the second from the movie's soundtrack album. 

The song reached number one on the Billboard Global 200, and topped the record charts in over 30 countries, including South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The song also peaked in the top ten of charts in over 20 other countries

The song was played by a string quartet when British footballer Sir David Beckham was knighted by King Charles III.

## References
Joel Pritchard

**Joel McFee Pritchard** (May 5, 1925 – October 9, 1997) was an American businessman and politician. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives and as the 14th Lieutenant Governor of Washington as a member of the Republican Party. He was nicknamed the *Father of Pickleball*, as he invented the sport in 1965, along with two friends. He was added to the Pickleball Hall of Fame in 2017.

He died on October 9, 1997 in Olympia, Washington, because of lymphoma.

## References
DDG (rapper)

**Darryl Dwayne Granberry Jr.** (born October 10, 1997), known professionally as **DDG**, is an American rapper, singer-songwriter, and online personality.

He began making videos on YouTube in 2014 while he was a student at Central Michigan University. He left school after one year to work on his YouTube career full-time.

In 2018, DDG signed a recording deal with Epic Records. Two years later, he started his own record label called Zooted Music with managers Eric O’Connor and Dimitri Hurt. His 2020 song "Moonwalking in Calabasas" became a hit and entered the Billboard Hot 100. It later went double platinum with the RIAA.

In June 2021, DDG made his first boxing match against Nate Wyatt at the "YouTubers vs. TikTokers" event, where he won by unanimous decision.
Klarity Health

**Klarity Health** is a privately held digital healthcare marketplace.

## History 
Klarity Health was founded by Victor Zhou in Irvine, California, in November 2020. The platform was established with the initial aim of addressing the mental health crisis during the COVID‑19 lockdowns. On May 1, 2021, Klarity closed a pre‑seed funding round led by Mucker Capital and included participation from Eric Yuan of Zoom.

In 2022, the company expanded its network and reached over 150,000 patient visits; the headquarters was relocated to Silicon Valley. On May 1, 2022, Klarity completed its seed round with investments from ZhenFund and UpHonest Capital.

During 2023, Klarity Health launched its subsidiary brand, Kiwi Health, to empower independent practices and by year‑end supported over 300 healthcare practices in more than 40 states.  On August 17, 2023, the company raised $10 million in a Series A round led by Atypical Ventures alongside Mucker Capital and UpHonest Capital.

On January 1, 2024, Klarity Health expanded a multi-specialty model, offering weight loss, counseling, primary care, and other services. The company also partnered with Headway to broaden mental health access nationwide. In May 2025, Klarity began accepting major insurance plans, including Anthem, Aetna, UnitedHealthcare, Cigna, BlueCross BlueShield, Medicaid, and Medicare.

According to 2025, Klarity Health holds a 5.0 / 5.0 rating on Reviews.io,  a 4.1 / 5.0 on Trustpilot,  and a 4.0 / 5.0 on Choosing Therapy.

## Overview 
Klarity Health core service is an online marketplace connecting patients with licensed providers. The company operates solely within the United States, with its largest market being the domestic U.S. population.

## References
Free Fire

**Free Fire** may refer to:

**Free Fire* (movie), a 2016 British action comedy movie
**Free Fire* (video game), a 2017 multiplayer online battle royale game
**Free Fire*, a 2007 Joe Pickett novel by C. J. Box

## Other uses
* Free-fire zone, an area into which any weapon system may fire without additional coordination
Nottinghamshire men's cricket team

The **Nottinghamshire** men's cricket team is based in Nottingham. It represents the traditional English county of Nottinghamshire. Teams called Nottinghamshire have been active since 1829. Until 1841, the county name was used solely by the Nottingham Cricket Club for their matches against county teams. Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club was formed in 1841 to take responsibility for organisation of the county team. Nottinghamshire have played in the County Championship since 1890, and have won the title seven times, most recently in 2025. Their main home venue is Trent Bridge. Many great players have represented Nottinghamshire, including William Clarke, George Parr, John Jackson, Alfred Shaw, Arthur Shrewsbury, William Gunn, Harold Larwood, Gary Sobers, and Richard Hadlee.

## References
## Bibliography
*
Free Fire (video game)

***Free Fire***, earlier called ***Garena Free Fire***, is a free-to-play battle royale game made and published by Garena. It came out for Android and iOS on 8 December 2017.  
The game became very popular and was the most downloaded mobile game in the world in 2019. In 2021, it had more than 150 million people playing every day.

## Gameplay 
In the game, 52 players land on an island and try to be the last person alive. Players can walk, run, crawl, jump, and use weapons. The game also has a "Gloo Wall" item that can block attacks.

Players can play alone, with one friend, or as a team of four. There are many maps like **Bermuda**, **Kalahari**, and **Purgatory**.

### Characters 
*Free Fire* has many characters, each with their own special skill. Some of them are based on real people such as:
* Cristiano Ronaldo (Chrono)
* DJ Alok (Alok)
* Anitta (A-Patroa)
* Justin Bieber (JBeibs)

### Pets 
Players can also have pets that help in battle. Each pet has its own special skill.

## Development 
Garena made the game with the Unity engine. It was first tested in beta in August 2017 and later released to the public in December that year.

## Popularity 
*Free Fire* was the most downloaded mobile game in 2019.  
In 2021, the game made more money than *PUBG Mobile* in the United States.

## Esports 
*Free Fire* is also popular in esports. The main event is called the **Free Fire World Series (FFWS)**. The 2021 FFWS in Singapore had more than 5.4 million people watching live — a world record at the time.

## Other versions 
### Free Fire Max 
Garena released a new version of *Free Fire* called **Free Fire Max** on 28 September 2021. It has better graphics, sound, and lighting. Players from both games can play together. In September 2023, Garena plans to introduce *Free Fire India*, a special version of the game customized specifically for the Indian audience. It was originally set to be launched on 5 September 2023, but Garena postponed the date to 25 September citing that they are improving the gameplay.

### Free Fire India 
In September 2023, Garena plans to introduce *Free Fire India*, a special version of the game for Indian players. It was originally set to be launched on 5 September 2023, but Garena postponed the date to 25 September, saying that they are improving the gameplay.

## Controversies 
In January 2022, Krafton (the company behind *PUBG: Battlegrounds*) sued Garena, saying *Free Fire* copied game elements from *PUBG*.  
Later in 2022, the Indian government banned *Free Fire* because of data and privacy worries.

## References 
18. Free Fire Sets New Guinness World Record With 618,778 Participants in Jakarta

19.  SEA Games 2025 Free Fire BR Mode Thailand 1 Crowned Gold Medal Champions

## Other websites 
*
Oinam Swamikumar

**Oinam Swamikumar** () is a Manipuri singer from the Indian state of Manipur. He is known for his work in Manipuri music and as a playback singer.

## Career 
Swamikumar became known for his song "Eigee Nungsibadi Mamal Naide", which gained popularity in Manipur. He is also one of the young approved artists of All India Radio (AIR).

## Coronavirus awareness song 
During the coronavirus pandemic, a music video titled "Akiba Laanda Amani" was sung by Oinam Swamikumar, which was released to spread awareness about COVID-19. The video was officially released by Chief Minister N. Biren Singh, along with Deputy Chief Minister Y. Joykumar Singh, ministers, and MLAs at the Chief Minister’s bungalow.
The song, sung by Oinam Swamikumar, was produced to inform the public about government health advisories, including messages about social distancing, staying at home, and washing hands regularly.

## Philanthropy 
Oinam Swamikumar donated ₹20,000 towards the construction of a Destitute Children Home at Sagolband Tera Bazar in Imphal.

## Related pages 
* Oinam family

## References 
## Other websites 
* Oinam Swamikumar at Gaana.com
* Oinam Swamikumar at Chartmetric
* Oinam Swamikumar at Apple Music

* Oinam Swamikumar at Jiosaavn
* Oinam Swamikumar at Spotify
* Oinam Swamikumar at Soundcloud
UPS Airlines Flight 2976

**UPS Airlines Flight 2976** was a scheduled domestic cargo flight from Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, to Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. On November 4, 2025, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11F plane crashed shortly after takeoff from the runway at around 5:13 p.m. EST (UTC−5). The crash killed 15 people including all three crew members onboard. The accident is being investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Over the next few days, the NTSB launched an investigation and it was discovered that the aircraft lost its left main engine on the runway.

## References
Rama Duwaji

**Rama Sawaf Duwaji** (; born June 30, 1997) is an American animator, illustrator, and ceramist who has been the First Lady of New York City since 2026. She is the city's first Gen Z first lady. to her parents 

## References
## Other websites
*
English cricket tour of Australia, 1903/04

, Ted Arnold, Wilfred Rhodes, Tom Hayward.*Third row (l-r)*: Len Braund, Arthur Fielder, George Hirst, Bert Strudwick, Albert Knight, Dick Lilley.*Second row (l-r)*: Tip Foster, Pelham Warner, Bernard Bosanquet. *Front*: Johnny Tyldesley.]]
The **England** men's cricket team toured Australia in the 1903/04 season, playing 20 matches. Five were Test matches against Australia, and another nine were first-class fixtures against Sheffield Shield state teams. While the team was called England in the Tests, it was called Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in all its other matches. This was the first tour to be organised by MCC, and the club continued to run all England international tours until 1976/77.

England were captained by Pelham Warner. They won the Test series with three wins and two defeats, meaning they recovered "The Ashes", which Australia had held since 1897. In the nine first-class matches, MCC won six and drew three. They were also unbeaten in their six matches against non-first-class teams, winning one and drawing five. Warner wrote an account of the tour which he called *How We Recovered The Ashes*. It was first published by Messrs Chapman & Hall in 1904.

## Selection
After MCC agreed to form a team for the tour, they invited Stanley Jackson to be captain. He declined, and MCC turned to Warner, who accepted. A selection committee was then appointed, its members being Warner, Lord Harris, W. H. Patterson, A. G. Steel, and A. J. Webbe.

## References
## Bibliography
*
DIY transgender hormone therapy

**DIY transgender hormone therapy** is when transgender people get and use transgender hormone therapy on their own. They do this part of their gender transition without the help of a licensed medical provider. This may be caused by various problems accessing healthcare. A lot of transgender people face problems accessing healthcare. The amount of the trans community that uses DIY hormone therapy varies. Studies have found percentages ranging from 11% to 79%.

## Description 
DIY transgender hormone therapy involves transgender people seeking to access transgender hormone therapy. However, they access it through friends, peers, or the internet. This way, they sometimes may be able to access it without consulting a health worker. Trans people can obtain information about hormone therapy from online sources. Some of these sources are made by the trans community.

In rare cases, some transgender people have tried to do DIY surgeries.

## Causes 
A 2022 review article concluded that DIY hormone replacement therapy is related to challenges finding knowledgeable and non-stigmatising health workers. This study also found that lack of access to appropriate services, and exclusion played a role in the rise of DIY HRT. In addition, a connection was found to discomfort managing relationships with health workers. Lastly, a push for DIY came from cost and desire for a faster transition.

## Prevalence 
Estimates of the popularity of DIY hormone therapy in the trans community vary significantly. One survey in Ontario found that 25% currently or formerly obtained DIY hormones.  For trans people of color living in San Francisco a different survey found that 63% had relied on DIY.
According to a 2022 review, at the low end, 11% of Ontarian transgender people report having used DIY HRT. At the other extreme, 79% of trans women from Rio de Janeiro have done the same. In between lies London at 31% of transgender people having used DIY hormones.  In addition to this, 49% of trans women in San Francisco report using DIY HRT
The prevalence of DIY hormone usage has been estimated to be higher among trans women than trans men. A possible explanation is that Testosterone is a controlled substance in many places, and is therefore harder to obtain legally.

## Effectiveness 
A 2022 review was done on the topic of self-administered gender-affirming hormones. It found no peer-reviewed studies on self-administered gender-affirming hormones' effectiveness.

## References
Yoonchae Jeung

**Jeung Yoon-chae** (; born December 6, 2007), known by the name **Yoonchae**, is a South Korean singer who is based in Los Angeles, California. She is a member of the global girl group Katseye, which debuted on June 28, 2024. The group was made under Hybe and Geffen Records after the global talent show ''* in 2023.

## Early life
She was born in Seoul, South Korea, on December 6, 2007. She has an older sister, who taught her about makeup.

## Career
### Before HYBE
Jeung started training to be a K-pop singer when she was 12 years old. She trained for two years at WakeOne before moving to Hybe in 2023.

### 2023–present: Dream Academy and Katseye
In 2023, Jeung joined the global audition show *The Debut: Dream Academy''. The show was made by Hybe and Geffen Records to create a new global girl group. She came in fourth place in the final episode and became a member of the group Katseye. 

Katseye's first song, "Debut", came out on June 28, 2024. It was also in their first extended play (EP) *SIS (Soft Is Strong)*. Katseye's EP is Beautiful Chaos. 

Before their official debut, the members of Katseye moved to Los Angeles to train together after *Dream Academy*. Jeung said that Los Angeles as a meaningful place where she met the other members and where the group continues to build memories and train for global activities. The group is still very active and continues to make new tracks and songs, including their most recent single “Internet Girl”. 

## Discography
As a contestant of *Dream Academy*, Jeung sang songs made for the show. These songs were released online on August 21, 2024, and performed on November 17, 2024.

## Television
## References
## Other websites
Ma Sik-chun

**Ma Sik-chun** was a businessman. He was a founder of Oriental Daily News (a Hong Kong newspaper) in 1969. 

Because of opium-related activity, he was wanted by the Hong Kong government in the mid-1970s.  Ma Sik-chun's brother, Ma Sik-yu escaped from Hong Kong to Taiwan first. Ma Sik-chun stayed in Hong Kong, and was charged in August 1977. He was released temporarily by the Hong Kong government. He somehow ended up in Taiwan.

He died at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital at the age of 77.

## References
Alexia Umansky

**Alexia Simone Umansky** (born June 18, 1996)

## Early life 
Alexia Simone Umansky was born in Los Angeles, California on June 18, 1996, She is Jewish.

Umansky graduated Kappa Kappa Gamma from the Emerson College in 2018, with a Bachelor's degree in Marketing Communications.

### Family 
Umansky's cousins through her aunt Kim Richards are Brooke Brinson, Whitney and Chad Davis, and Kimberly Jackson. She is also related to the Hilton family, through her aunt Kathy Hilton's marriage to uncle Richard Hilton; her cousins are Paris, Nicky, Barron, and Conrad Hilton III.

## Career 
Umansky made her television debut in October 2010, on the Bravo reality television series *The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills*.

Umansky worked as an intern at The Agency RE, a global boutique real estate brokerage, based in Beverly Hills, California, which was co-founded by her father Mauricio Umansky since 2017.

Umansky joined the main cast of the Netflix reality television series *Buying Beverly Hills* from the start in fall 2022. She currently resides in Encino, Los Angeles with her parents and sisters, where she had lived before going to college, and is now married to Jake Zingerman in 2025. Her parents separated in 2023.

## Filmography 
## References
Ghazala Hashmi

**Ghazala Firdous Hashmi** ( ; born July 5, 1964) is an American politician and academic serving as the 43rd lieutenant governor of Virginia since 2026. She is the first South Asian American and Muslim woman elected to this office. Before becoming lieutenant governor, she was a Virginia state senator from 2020 to 2026.

Hashmi was born in Hyderabad, India. She was raised in Georgia. Hashmi graduated from Georgia Southern University with a bachelor's degree in English.

In November 2025, Hashmi was elected as Virginia's lieutenant governor, becoming the first Indian American and first Muslim to hold a statewide office in Virginia. She is also the first Muslim woman to win a statewide office anywhere in the United States.

## Biography 
### Early life 
Hashmi was born as Ghazala Firdous Hashmi on July 5, 1964, in Hyderabad, India to Hyderabadi Muslim parents. During her childhood, she lived with her maternal grandparents where her grandfather worked in the Andhra Pradesh government's finance department.

In 1969, Hashmi emigrated with her mother and older brother from India to the United States when she was four years old as her father was completing his PhD in international relations and starting his university teaching career in Georgia. She grew up in the small town of Statesboro, Georgia during the time public schools were being desegregated.

### Education and career 
Hashmi attended Georgia Southern University where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts, and also attended Emory University earning a PhD in American literature. She first taught at the University of Richmond as a professor and then at Reynolds Community College. At Reynolds, Hashmi served as the Founding Director of the Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL).

### Personal life 
Hashmi is married to Azhar Rafiq where moved to Richmond in 1991. They also have two daughters together.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Legislative website
Donald DiFrancesco

**Donald Thomas DiFrancesco** (born November 20, 1944) is a retired American politician who was the 51st governor of New Jersey from 2001 to 2002. He replaced Christine Todd Whitman after her resignation to become Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. He is a member of the Republican Party. DiFrancesco was President of the New Jersey Senate from 1992 to 2002.

## References
## Other websites
*New Jersey Governor Donald T. DiFrancesco, National Governors Association
*
Corey O'Connor

'''Corey O'Connor''' (born August 22, 1984) is an American politician who is the Mayor-elect of Pittsburgh. He was elected mayor in 2025, having defeated incumbent mayor Ed Gainey in the May primary election. He has been the Allegheny County controller in Pennsylvania since July 10, 2022. He was a member of the Pittsburgh City Council and represented District 5.

## References
## Other websites
*
Andrea de Adamich

**Andrea Lodovico de Adamich** (3 October 1941 – 5 November 2025) was an Italian racing driver. He took part in 34 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix. He made his first in Formula 1 appearance on 1 January 1968.  He scored a total of six championship points. He also took part in many non-championship Formula One races. De Adamich was born in Trieste, Italy.

De Adamich died on 5 November 2025 in Milan, Italy at the age of 84.

## References
Republican Party of Virginia

The **Republican Party of Virginia** (**RPV**) is the Virginia affiliate of the Republican Party. It is based at the Richard D. Obenshain Center in Richmond. 

## References
Jodey Arrington

**Jodey Cook Arrington** ( ; born March 9, 1972) is an American politician. He has been the U.S. representative for  since 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Arrington was a member of George W. Bush's gubernatorial and presidential administrations. In 2000, he was appointed Special Assistant to the President and Associate Director of Presidential Personnel.

As a member of Congress, Arrington sponsored the One Big Beautiful Bill Act during the 119th Congress.

In November 2025, Arrington announced that he would not seek re-election in 2026.

## References
## Other websites
* U.S. House website
* Campaign website
* 
* Arrington article on Hurricane Katrina
*
Texas's 19th congressional district

'''Texas's 19th congressional district''' of the United States House of Representatives includes the upper midwestern part of the state of Texas. The district includes parts of the State from Lubbock to Abilene.  The current Representative from the 19th district is Republican Jodey Arrington. 

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+25, it is one of the most Republican districts in Texas.

## References
Cara Spencer

**Cara Spencer** (born September 11, 1978) is an American politician who has been the 48th and current mayor of St. Louis, Missouri since 2025. She was on the St. Louis Board of Aldermen as alderwoman of Ward 8 from 2023 to 2025. She represented Ward 20 from 2015 to 2023. 

## 2025 mayoral campaign
On May 23, 2024, Spencer announced her second candidacy for mayor of St. Louis in 2025, running against the incumbent Mayor Tishaura Jones.

On March 4, Spencer won the nonpartisan primary for mayor of St. Louis, earning 68% of the vote. On April 8, 2025, Spencer defeated Jones in the general election, receiving 64.2% of the popular vote.

## References
## Other websites
*
Mount Bethel, Pennsylvania

**Mount Bethel** is an unincorporated community in Upper Mount Bethel Township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area.

## References
Upper Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania

**Upper Mount Bethel Township** is a township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population of Upper Mount Bethel Township was 6,439 at the 2020 census. The township is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area.

## References
Dale Caldwell

**Dale Gilbert Caldwell** (born July6, 1960) is an American education administrator, author, religious leader and politician who has been the 4th lieutenant governor and 35th secretary of state of New Jersey since 2026. He was the president of Centenary University from 2023 until 2025. He was the university's first black president.

On July 18, 2025, Caldwell was named by the *New Jersey Globe* as one of a number of candidates being considered by Democratic gubernatorial nominee Mikie Sherrill to be her running mate in New Jersey's 2025 gubernatorial election. On July24, 2025, Sherrill selected Caldwell as her running mate, making him the Democratic candidate for lieutenant governor.

On December 1, 2025, Sherrill announced that Caldwell would also serve as the secretary of state.

## References
## Other websites
* Campaign website
James H. Clark

**James Henry Clark** (born March 23, 1944) is an American businessman and computer scientist. He founded many well known Silicon Valley technology companies, including Silicon Graphics, Netscape, myCFO, and Healtheon. His research work in computer graphics helped create the fast rendering of three-dimensional computer images.

In 1998, Clark was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

Clark was born in Plainview, Texas, on March 23, 1944. He studied at the University of New Orleans where he earned his bachelor's and a master's degrees in physics, followed by a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Utah in 1974.

## References
## Other websites
*"Jim Clark", Salon.com, November 24, 1999.
*"James H. Clark", *Business Week*, 1999.
Leptodactylus melanonotus

The **Mexican river frog**, **rana dedilarga dorsinegra**, **black-backed frog**, **reddish-brown white-lipped frog**, **black jungle-frog**, **fringe-toed foamfrog**, **Sabinal frog**, **black-backed thin-toed frog**(*Leptodactylus melanonotus*) is a frog.  It lives in Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.

## Home
This frog lives in forests but it can also live in mangrove tree swamps, grassy places, places where plants are growing back after being cut down, and flooded places where animals eat grass. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1550 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in protected places: Meseta de Cacaxtla protected area, Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, El Veladero National Park, Lagunas de Chacahua National Parks, Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve, Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Laguna de Términos reserve, and Balaan Kaax reserve.

## Young
The frog digs a hole for its eggs. The female frog makes a nest out of bubbles to put her eggs in. If the hole becomes too dry, the female frog will dig to water to fill it with water again.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Pollution from chemicals sprayed by airplanes might hurt this frog.

File:Leptodactylus melanonotus 61396856.jpg|Chiapas, Mexico
File:Leptodactylus melanonotus 226778304.jpg|Oaxaca, Mexico
File:Leptodactylus melanonotus WLF-255-7A, Municipio Aldama; 3 June 2004.jpg|Sabinal Frog (*Leptodactylus melanonotus*) Municipality of Aldama, Tamaulipas, Mexico (3 June 2004).

## References
Gender identity clinic

A **gender identity clinic** is a type of specialist clinic providing services relating to transgender health care.

## List of clinics and hospitals 
### Asia 
#### Hong Kong 
* Gender Identity Clinic at the Prince of Wales Hospital in Shatin, New Territories

### Europe 
#### Netherlands 
* Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria at the University Medical Center of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in Amsterdam
** The clinic opened in 1975 for adults only. From 1987 onwards, a practice dedicated to adolescents opened in Utrecht.:301 The children's clinic merged with the adult clinic in 2002, moving to Amsterdam.
** The clinic opened on March 2, 2020 for adolescents. From March 1, 2021, its practice was expanded to include care for adults.
* UMCG in Groningen
** Adult practice already established when an endocrinological clinic for adolescents opened on April 1, 2024 (diagnosis and psychological support is offered by UMCG partners).

#### United Kingdom 
##### England 
* NHS Gender Identity Development Service of the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust in London (closed March 2024)
* NHS Gender Identity Service of the Leeds and York Partnerships Foundation Trust in Leeds

##### Northern Ireland 
* Regional Gender Identity Service, Brackenburn Clinic, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust in Belfast
* Knowing Our Identity, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust in Belfast

##### Scotland 
* Chalmers Gender Identity Clinic, NHS Lothian at Chalmers Hospital in Edinburgh
* Sandyford Gender Identity Clinic, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde in Glasgow

Since 2007, the University Hospital of Ghent has had a specialized department, the Center for Sexology and Gender Problems. This department focuses on the care needs of adolescents. One way it does this is that it administers puberty blockers in accordance with international guidelines.  The gender clinic at the University Hospital of Ghent was difficult to access for Walloon and Brussels care recipients. This was due to the insufficient capacity, the distance, and the language barrier. Therefore, the need was felt to open a gender clinic for transgender minors in Wallonia as well. CHU Liège opened this on 1 October 2019.
* Gender Identity Clinic at the Grey Nuns Community Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta

#### United States 
* Center of Excellence for Transgender Health of the University of California, San Francisco in San Francisco
* Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland
** The original clinic at Johns Hopkins was open from 1966 until its closure in 1979. In 2017, it was reopened as the Center for Transgender and Gender Expansive Health.
* Gender Management Service (GeMS) of Boston Children's Hospital in Boston
* Transgender Health Program of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston
* GenderCare Center at the Boston Medical Center in Boston
* Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery of Mount Sinai in New York City

## See also 
* Healthcare and the LGBT community
* Transgender health care
* Gender transitioning

## References
Jay Jones

**Jerrauld Charles Corey "Jay" Jones** (born March 14, 1989) is an American politician and attorney who has been the 49th Attorney General of Virginia since 2026. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates for the 89th district from 2018 to 2022. 

Jones ran for Virginia Attorney General in 2021, losing the Democratic primary to incumbent Mark Herring. 

## 2025 Attorney General election
During his campaign for attorney general, Jones was criticized for text messages sent in 2022 in which he supported violence against the then–state house speaker Todd Gilbert and wished death on his children so his wife would feel the pain of gun violence. Jones apologized for the statements saying he was "ashamed".

Jones was elected Virginia Attorney-General in November 2025, beating Republican incumbent Jason Miyares by a seven percentage point margin. He is the first African-American to serve as Virginia Attorney General.

## Virginia Attorney General
On January 17, 2026, Jones was sworn into office by his mother, and Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court Chief Judge, Lyn M. Simmons.

One of his first actions was to support extending Virginia's universal background check gun laws after a Lynchburg Circuit Court said that it unconstitutionally discriminated against adults aged 18 to 20.

## References
## Other websites
*Jay Jones for Attorney General campaign website
Curtis Sliwa

**Curtis Anthony Sliwa** (born March 26, 1954) is an American perennial candidate and radio talk show host. He is the founder and chief executive officer of the Guardian Angels. Sliwa was the Republican nominee for Mayor of New York City in the 2025 election. He won the election to the Democratic candidate, Zohran Mamdani. He was also the Republican mayoral nominee for the 2021 election, losing the general election to Democratic nominee Eric Adams.

On June 19, 1992, Sliwa was kidnapped and shot by two gunmen after entering a stolen taxi in Manhattan. The taxi picked up Sliwa near his home in the East Village. Sliwa underwent surgery for internal injuries and leg wounds. Federal prosecutors eventually charged John A. Gotti, the son of Gambino crime family leader John Gotti, with attempted murder and a raft of other charges.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
OC Meira

**OC Meira**, also known as **Oinamcha Meira** *(, born 19 August 1977),* is an Indian filmmaker, journalist, and creative writer from Manipur. He is known for directing several Meitei language short and feature films and for his involvement in Meitei literature and journalism.

## Early life and family 
OC Meira was born on 19 August 1977 in Chana Mayai Leikai, Imphal East, Manipur.
His father is Oinam Lukhoi (also known as Chana Lukhoi) and his mother is Oinam Ongbi Nungthinchaibi (also called Chana Lembi).
He is married to Rajkumari Vijaya Sana, and they have a child named Lucent Oinam.

* Kaidongpham (essays, 2008)

* Saktam Khara Wakhallon Khara (essays, 2011)

* Sangai Film Production

* Khomlang Laman (2024) – A feature film directed by Meira, screened at Manipur University during the World Teachers’ Day celebration organized by the Manipur University Students’ Union.

* Ashengba Eral (2025) – Directed by Meira and written by Kshetrimayum Subadani, under Dosuyali Film Production. The film won several awards at the 6th Roshani International Film Festival 2025. It won the Best Film award at PRAG Cine Awards Northeast 2023.

* Bangladeshki Sana Tampha (2025) – The film, directed by OC Meira, at the 5th Reels International Film Festival 2025, received Best Feature Film and Best Story awards.

## Awards 
* On December 3, 2017, OC Meira was honored with the Mombi Award by the Manipuri Theatre Centre, Assam, in recognition of his contributions to society through his influential artistic works.
* On December 10, 2017, in a cultural ceremony, Oinamcha Meira was awarded the title Chingkhei Lammit Meira by the Ima Leisem Inat Yokhat Lup. The organizers stated that he was selected for his unbiased and critical writings.
* OC Meira received the Jury Special Mention Award at the NIRI 9 – 2nd International Film Festival 2023, held at Sangeet Kala Mandir, Kolkata.
* Best Lyricist (“Ngamnaba Lanfamse”), at the 12th Manipuri Film Awards (MANIFA) 2025, organized by Thouna Manipur and Film Forum Manipur, held at Central Public Hall, Kakching Sanggai Lampak, Kakching district.

## Legacy and influence 
From childhood, OC Meira remained connected with theatre and film. His artistic journey was inspired by Shumang Leela groups, MDU, and Rupmahal Theatre artists. By observing their performances, he learned acting techniques indirectly and participated in various drama groups.

His role as Jan Neta Irabot in a street play received wide applause.
Through continuous work in theatre and film, Meira became one of the known filmmakers of Manipur.

## Related pages 
* Oinam family

## References
Chana Lukhoi

**Oinam Lukhoi** (), also known as **Oinamcha Tunan**, popularly known as **Chana Lukhoi** (, 10 April 1950 – 29 December 2024), was an Indian playwright, folk narrator, and cultural activist from Manipur. He was a leading figure in Shumang Leela, a traditional Manipuri courtyard theatre form. Over his long career, he wrote more than 200 plays and received many awards for his contribution to Meitei art, literature, and culture.

## Early life and education 
Chana Lukhoi was born on 10 April 1950 in Oinam Tunan, a locality in Imphal East district, Manipur. He was the son of Oinam Mani and Irungbam Ningol Amu Leima. His grandfather, Oinam Sanghai, was also known for narrating Meitei folktales. Lukhoi studied at Lamlai High School in Pungdongbam, where he was popular for his public speaking and leadership skills. During his school years, he was elected as the general secretary of the school and was admired for his oratory.

Over the years, Lukhoi became one of the most respected Shumang Leela playwrights. His works often focused on social issues, Manipuri traditions, and human emotions.

* Sana-patki Thariktha

* Chaina-pung

* Hingnabagi Dabi

* Leishabigi Machado

* Eegi Nong

* Keishamthong Thoibi

* Love 2000

* Shabi Shanou Express

* Nongankhidraba Ahing

* Kangleipakta 1709

In total, he wrote more than 200 plays, many of which were staged across Manipur. His scripts won 18 Best Script Awards and 9 Second Best Script Awards from the Manipur State Kala Academy and the Manipur State Shumang Leela Council (MSSLC).

* Charei Huimadon Leima (Drama)

* Eegi Nong (Shumang Leela)

* Sanapatki Thariktha (Shumang Leela)

* Changing Lairembi (Laichatlon)

* Hotel Boy (Radio Play)

* Nupi Landa Thouna Phabising (Essay)

* Shaknaiba 12 (Biography)

## Death 
Chana Lukhoi passed away on 29 December 2024 at his residence in Chana village, Imphal East, after a long illness. He was 74 years old.

## Related pages 
* Oinam family

## References
Mary Sheffield

**Mary Sheffield** (born 1987) is an American politician who is the mayor-elect of Detroit. She has been a member of the Detroit City Council since 2014. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She has been the president of City Council since 2022, as the youngest person ever to hold that office. 

Sheffield was elected mayor of Detroit in November 2025, defeating Solomon Kinloch Jr.. She is set to become the first woman to be elected mayor of Detroit.

## References
## Other websites
Jennifer Geerlings-Simons

**Jennifer Geerlings-Simons** ( **Simons**; born 5 September 1953) is a Surinamese physician and politician who has been the tenth president of Suriname since 2025. She is a member of the National Democratic Party (NDP). She has been the party's president since 2024. 

## References