open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
List of Calgary Flames players

is the most recent Flames captain, and the franchise's all-time leading point scorer.]]
The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.  They are members of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL).  Since their arrival in 1980, nearly 400 players have worn the Flames jersey for at least one regular season or playoff game. The Flames have won the Stanley Cup once, in 1989, and four players have been elected into the Hockey Hall of Fame; the most recent electee is Al MacInnis, who was enshrined in 2007.

Fourteen players have served as the captain  of the Calgary Flames, beginning with Brad Marsh in 1980–81.  Doug Risebrough, Jim Peplinski and Lanny McDonald served together as co-captains in the 1980s; the latter two led the Flames to the 1989 Stanley Cup.  The most recent captain of the Flames, and the team's longest serving player, is Jarome Iginla.  Iginla joined the Flames for the 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs and, as of 2013, is the Flames' all-time leader in games played, points and goals scored. Currently, the Flames captain is Mark Giordano.

## Key
## Goaltenders
.]]
, Miikka Kiprusoff became the first Flames goaltender to win the Vezina Trophy.]]

*Note: Statistics are complete as of the end of the 2018–19 NHL season.*

## Skaters
*Note: Statistics are complete as of the end of the 2018–19 NHL season.*

 spent two seasons in Calgary from 2005–2007.]]
 joined the Flames in 2007 following a trade with Chicago.]]
 joined the Flames in 2009 after signing a five-year contract with the team.]]
 was acquired by the Flames in a 2008 trade with the Blackhawks.]]
 played his fourth season with the Flames in 2009–10, but was traded during the season.]]
 returned from Montreal to Calgary in 2012.]]
 played only 18 regular season games in Calgary, but was a popular member of the Flames' 2004 Stanley Cup Finals run.]]
 attempted an NHL comeback with the Flames in 2009.]]
 was a member of the Flames in 2006–07.]]
 has become a regular on the Flames' blueline.]]
 enjoyed his first 30-goal season with the Flames in 2006–07.]]
 is the younger brother of Detroit's Niklas Kronwall.]]
 was a member of the Flames since his NHL debut in 2003 until traded to Phoenix in 2009.]]
 came to Calgary in 2005 as a free agent after spending eleven seasons with the Detroit Red Wings.]]
 scored ten goals in 41 games as a rookie in 2006–07.]]
 was the Flames first round draft pick in 2002.]]
 made his NHL debut in 2008. ]]
, seen warming up before a game, set a Flames rookie defensive scoring record, recording 20 goals in 2005–06.]]
 joined the Flames in 2007.]]
 joined the Flames in time to help Calgary reach the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals.]]
 played parts of two seasons with the Flames between 2008 and 2009.]]
 was a key member of the Flames between 2002 and 2008.]]
 spent the 2006–07 season in Calgary.]]

## References
*
*
***Goaltenders:** 
***Skaters** 
***Captains**
Tibetan fox

The **Tibetan Sand Fox** (*Vulpes ferrilata*) is a species of true fox. It is endemic to the high Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, China, and Kashmir, up to altitudes of about 5,300 metres. It is sometimes referred to as the **Tibetan Fox**, or simply as the **Sand Fox**, but this terminology is confusing because the Corsac Fox (Vulpes corsac), which lives in arid environments north and west of the Tibetan Plateau, is often called the "Sand Fox" as well.
Rüppell's fox

'''Rüppell's Fox'* (*Vulpes rueppelli*), also spelled *Rueppell's Fox'' and also called the **Sand Fox**, is a species of fox. 

It lives in North Africa and the Greater Middle East region, from Morocco to Pakistan. It is named after the German collector Eduard Rüppell. It has an average life expectancy of up to 6 or 7 years in the wild, but can live much longer in captivity.
Fraser's dolphin

'''Fraser's dolphin'* (*Lagenodelphis hosei''), also known as the **Sarawak dolphin**, is a cetacean in the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae).
It is found in deep waters in the Pacific Ocean and to a lesser extent in the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Oceans.
Egyptian fruit bat

The **Egyptian fruit bat** (*Rousettus aegyptiacus*) is a species of Old World fruit bat. 
It is found throughout Africa, except in the desert regions of the Sahara, and throughout the Middle East, as far east as Pakistan and northern Republic of India.
Goitered gazelle

The **goitered gazelle**, **black-tailed gazelle** or **Persian gazelle** (*Gazella subgutturosa*) is an antelope. It can run at high speed, without the leaping and bounding seen in other gazelles.

It is found in a large area of Central Asia, including part of Iran and southern west Pakistan in the western end of the range, as well as the Gobi Desert. The specific name means "full below the throat" and refers to the male having an enlargement of the neck and throat during the mating season.
Himalayan goral

The **Himalayan goral** (*Naemorhedus goral*), also known as the **gray goral**, is a member of the Caprinae subfamily. It is a small, rough-haired, cylindrical-horned ruminant native to the Himalayas. In the past, it was also known as *Urotragus goral*.
Hog deer

]]

The **hog deer** or 'Indian hog deer' (*Hyelaphus porcinus*) is small deer. It is widespread in Asia. It lives in Pakistan, Kashmir, northern India, Nepal, Bangladesh, southwestern Yunnan Province in China, all the way to western Thailand. 

The deer gets its name from the way it runs through the forests with its head hung low so that it can duck under obstacles instead of leaping over them like most other deer. It runs with its tail erect, showing the white underside.
Harder to Breathe

**"Harder to Breathe"** is the first single and the first track of Maroon 5's first album *Songs About Jane*. The single was released in 2003.

## Music Video 
The video features the band in a factory playing the song while objects keep disappearing and appearing as lead singer Adam Levine is found playing a guitar and walking down hallways.

## Chase The RockStar Pup Version 
Harder to breathe is song by chase, he covered the song but electronic, it went EDM, or Electropop, Or alternative rock styles 

it did a cool music cover of 4HD Music Publishing

## Track listing
She Will Be Loved

"**She Will Be Loved**" is the third single off the debut album by rock band Maroon 5 called *Songs About Jane*. The song is also the fourth track off the album. The song was released in June 2004. 

## Music video 
The video features Adam Levine (lead singer of Maroon 5) who falls in love with his girlfriend's mother. She is played by Kelly Preston and is being victimized by her husband. The band is briefly shown in the video.

## Track list 
# "She Will Be Loved"
# "This Love" (Kanye West Remix)
# "Closer" (Live Acoustic Version)

## Chart rankings 
"She Will Be Loved" ranked No. 4 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and No. 5 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100.
Sunday Morning (Maroon 5 song)

"**Sunday Morning**" is a song by the pop/rock band Maroon 5. The single is the 4th single off the album *Songs About Jane* and is the 8th track. "Sunday Morning" was released in 2004.

The music video was filmed at Abbey Road Studios in London. It features Maroon 5 performing the song, interspensed with scenes of numerous people singing it at a karaoke bar. The song has also been featured on the soundtracks of ''Something's Gotta Give* and *Love Actually* (although the latter was the *1.22.03.Acoustic* version). The song is also featured in the 2005 film *Cheaper by the Dozen 2*. Additionally, it is featured on the Xbox 360 karaoke game *Lips*, as downloadable content. Andrew Garcia covered the song on *The Ellen DeGeneres Show* after his 2010 elimination from *American Idol''.

## Track listing 
# "Sunday Morning"
# "Shiver (Live from Hard Rock Live)"
# "Through With You (Live from Hard Rock Live)"
J.A.R.

"**J.A.R.**" is a song by American punk rock band Green Day. The song is on the motion picture soundtrack, *Angus*. It stands for Jason Andrew Relva.

## Track listing 
# "J.A.R." - 2:51
Angus (movie)

***Angus*** is a 1995 comedy-drama movie directed by Patrick Read Johnson and written by Jill Gordon.

## Other websites
*
Debut

A **debut** (  or ) or **début** (a French word meaning "beginning") is the first public appearance of someone.

## Other uses
* *Debut* (album), a 1993 album by Björk
* Debut Records, a U.S. jazz record label
* The formal introduction of a debutante to society in some cultures, often at a ball dance or similar event.
Songs About Jane

***Songs About Jane*** is the first studio album by American pop rock group Maroon 5. It was released on June 25, 2002, under J Records in the United States. The album was re-released on October 14, 2003, under Octone Records. It was produced by Matthew Wallace. The album spawned the singles "Harder to Breathe", "This Love", and "She Will Be Loved."

The album peaked at number-six on the Billboard 200 albums chart selling a round-up of 3 million album sales. By the time 2004 concluded, the album was titled multi-platinum in sales in several different countries.

## 10th year anniversary
On May 22, 2012, the band announced on their website that they would be celebrating the ten year anniversary of the album on by releasing a limited edition re-issue. The re-issue was released on June 5, 2012.  2 Disc CD Re-issue of 'Songs About Jane', featuring Original Demos, Unreleased Material and videos and a limited edition Lithograph incorporating original art inspired by each song and 'Songs About Jane' Album art.

## Track listing
All songs written by Jesse Carmichael and Adam Levine, except where noted.
# "Harder to Breathe" – 2:53
# "This Love" – 3:26
# "Shiver" – 2:59
# "She Will Be Loved" (Levine, James Valentine) – 4:17
# "Tangled" (Levine) – 3:18
# "The Sun" (Levine) – 4:11
# "Must Get Out" – 3:59
# "Sunday Morning" – 4:06
# "Secret" – 4:55
# "Through with You" – 3:01
# "Not Coming Home" (Carmichael, Ryan Dusick, Levine) – 4:21
# "Sweetest Goodbye" (Levine) – 4:30

* Bonus tracks
Bonus tracks on the import release of *Songs About Jane*, manufactured for and distributed by BMG New Zealand Limited in 2004.
# "Rag Doll" - 5:29
# "Harder to Breathe (Acoustic)" - 2:56
# "This Love (Acoustic)" - 4:01
# "This Love (Kanye West Remix)" - 3:38

## Music Videos
Makes Me Wonder

"**Makes Me Wonder**" is the lead single off the album ''It Won't Be Soon Before Long* by American rock band Maroon 5. The single hit #1 on the U.S. *Billboard'' Hot 100 singles chart in April 2007. The single was released on March 27, 2007 for digital download and was released for radio mainstream on April 1, 2007. The song was produced by Matt Wallace and Mark Endert.

## Music video 
The video was shot at the Los Angeles International Airport. The video features the band on an airplane.
EMI

**EMI** was a music company founded in London. It is in charge of a record label, EMI Music. EMI is one of the "big four" record labels; the labels not part of the "big four" are called independent. It started in 1931, when it was called "Electric and Music Industries". In 1957, it took over Capitol Records, an American record company.

In 1962, The Beatles signed a contract with EMI's Parlophone Records, and they became the company's most successful musicians. The Beatles made nearly all their recordings at Abbey Road Studios, EMI's main recording studios in London.

In 1992, EMI bought Virgin Records, which had been owned by Richard Branson. It almost bought Universal Records in 1998, also. In 2007, EMI was taken over by a group called Terra Firma, after it said no to a bid from Warner Music Group.

Other famous musicians that were with EMI include Prince, Pink Floyd, Spice Girls, and Coldplay.

In 2012, Universal Music Group bought EMI, but the European Commission told Universal to sell some of EMI's record labels. Parlophone, the oldest EMI label, was sold to Warner Music Group; while BMG bought Mute Records. EMI's music publishing business was sold to a group that included Sony/ATV Music Publishing.

## References
## Other websites
* EMI website
Menstrual cycle

The **menstrual cycle** is a process that human adult women (and other primates) go through. The menstrual cycle for a person will repeat every 28 days while they are not pregnant. During this time, the person's ovaries create a mature ovum (egg). Then the person's body prepares for pregnancy by thickening the walls of the uterus. If the person does not become pregnant during this time, the egg and the lining of the uterus come out of the person's body during menstruation.

The menstrual cycle process is controlled by four major hormones: follicle stimulating hormone; luteinising hormone; estrogen; and progesterone. These hormones prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg and control its development.

The menstrual cycle has three stages: the Follicular stage, Ovulation, and the Luteal (or premenstrual) stage. The cycle will stop if the person gets pregnant (if a fertilized egg implants itself into the lining of the uterus).

At the start of this stage, the pituitary gland will begin to release more follicle stimulating hormone.  This will continue for 3-4 days.  This makes several follicles grow in one of the ovaries.  Each follicle contains an immature egg.  These follicles create estrogen.

## Luteal Stage 
The follicle cells that used to hold the ovum now release progesterone into the body.  This causes the endometrium to get even thicker.

### If fertilized
If the ovum is fertilized during ovulation, it will become a zygote.  It will start to copy itself over and over again through mitosis.  It will also move from the ovarian duct into the uterus.  The levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body remain high.  The zygote grows into an embryo and implants itself into the endometrium tissue of the uterus.  This forms a placenta, which starts to mature.

After fertilization, the menstrual cycle stops so the embryo can continue to mature for the next 9 months.  Progesterone and estrogen levels will stay high until the fetus is ready to be birthed.

Eventually, after giving birth, a woman's menstrual cycle will return to the way it was before she got pregnant.

### If not fertilized
Until around day 22, estrogen levels increase a little.  However, after day 22, the corpus luteum stops making progesterone, and the levels of both progesterone and estrogen in the body start to drop.  The amount of progesterone and estrogen in the body are at their lowest around the 28th day of the menstrual cycle. Then the cycle begins again.

## Related pages 
* Tampons
* Pregnancy and birth

## References
It Won't Be Soon Before Long

'''''It Won't Be Soon Before Long''''' is the second studio album by American pop rock group Maroon 5. It was released under A&M/Octone Records on May 22, 2007 in the United States. It debuted atop the Billboard 200 albums chart and on the Billboard Digital Albums chart. The lead single off the album "Makes Me Wonder" was released on March 27, 2007 and peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100 songs chart. The album includes other singles such as "Wake Up Call", "Won't Go Home Without You", "If I Never See Your Face Again", and "Goodnight Goodnight."

## Original track list
# "If I Never See Your Face Again"
# "Makes Me Wonder"
# "Little of Your Time"
# "Wake Up Call"
# "Won't Go Home Without You"
# "Nothing Lasts Forever"
# "Can't Stop"
# "Goodnight Goodnight"
# "Not Falling Apart"
# "Kiwi"
# "Better That We Break"
# "Back At Your Door"

## Bonus track
# "Infatuation"
# "Miss You Love You"
# "The Way I Was"
# "Losing My Mind"
# "Until You're Over Me"

## Bonus track list 
### The B-Side Collection
# "Story" - 4:33
# "Miss You Love You" - 3:10
# "Until You're Over Me" - 3:15
# "Losing My Mind" - 3:20
# "The Way I Was" - 4:18
# "Figure It Out" - 2:59
# "Infatuation" - 4:26

## Reissue
An expanded version of ''It Won't Be Soon Before Long* was issued on June 29, 2008 in Australia and July 8, 2008 for the rest of the world. The album has the 12 original tracks from the original version, plus a bonus DVD with four music videos and a full concert recorded on June 13, 2007 in Montreal.

## The *Background* 
A chorus from the song called "Nothing Lasts Forever" (the 7th track off *It Won't Be Soon Before Long'') was featured in a song by Kanye West. The Kayne West song, featuring the lead singer Adam Levine, was called "Heard 'Em Say". It was released in 2005 on the album *Late Registration*. The first track off the album, called "If I Never See Your Face Again", was released as a remix in May, 2008.  This track had been worked on with help from Rihanna. The song turned out to be a music video and ranked #51 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Singles 
### 2007
* *Makes Me Wonder*
* *Wake Up Call*
* ''Won't Go Home Without You*

### 2008
* *If I Never See Your Face Again*
* *Goodnight Goodnight''

## References
Wake Up Call (Maroon 5 song)

**"Wake Up Call"** is the second single off the second studio album by Maroon 5 called ''It Won't Be Soon Before Long*. The song is also the 4th track on the album. The music video deals with the band committing crimes and Levine acting as a murderer because of the murder of his girlfriends ex-boyfriend.

## Mark Ronson remix 
A remix version of the song was released in 2007 by Mark Ronson. The remix song was originally released on iTunes Store on November 13th, 2007. The song later appeared in the hit remix album by Maroon 5 called *Call and Response: The Remix Album''.
Kharkiv

**Kharkiv** also known as **Kharkov**,  is a city in Ukraine, the capital of Kharkiv Oblast. It is the second largest city in Ukraine. It is in the east of Ukraine and has a very well developed economy. It was founded in 1655 and the population as of 2024 was 1,3 million.  

Kharkiv was also the first city in Ukraine where the Soviet power was proclaimed and Soviet government was formed.

## History 
The city was established in 17th century by Cossacks.

In 1745 became the governorate capital.
Kharkiv has the university since 1805, technical high school since 1885.

The population in 1897 was 173,989. It consisted of Russians (63.2%), Ukrainians (25.9%), Jews (5.7%), Poles (2.3%), Germans (1.35%) etc.

Kharkiv was the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1919 to 1934.

Before the Nazi invasion Kharkiv was the great industrial center. It had 1.5 mln people.

In 1941, October 25 the city was occupied by German troops.
1943, August 23 became the day of liberation of Kharkiv by the Red Army.

In 1973 metro in Kharkiv was open.

In 2022-2024 Kharkiv was bombed during the Russian Invasion .

## Notable people 
*Mikhail Koshkin, the Soviet tank designer, chef designer of the T-34 tank.
*Ilya Mechnikov, Russian zoologist. He won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 
*Victor Skumin, Russian professor, philosopher, writer, psychologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and medical doctor.
*Katya Soldak, born 1977 in Kharkiv, journalist for Forbes, documentary filmmaker (The Long Breakup), and author who currently lives in New York City.

## Related pages 
*Kharkov National Medical University

## References
## Other websites
*Kharkov City's Official Information Center website
If I Never See Your Face Again

"**If I Never See Your Face Again**" is the fourth single by Maroon 5. The song is the first track on the album ''It Won't Be Soon Before Long*. The song was remixed to feature Rihanna. The music video takes place in what looks like a 19th century room while Rihanna and Levine seem to be arguing over a romantic relationship.

## Live from Le Cabaret 
"If I Never See Your Face Again" was performed at Quebec to be the opening song of the live album by Maroon 5 called *Live from Le Cabaret''. The song was not performed in its single version (with Rihanna).

## Track listing
Won't Go Home Without You

'''"Won't Go Home Without You"'* is the third single off the album by pop-rock band Maroon 5 called *It Won't Be Soon Before Long''. The song is also the 5th track on the album. The music video for the song has to do with Adam Levine (lead singer) trying to get one more chance for his ex-girlfriend to come back to him, but she was already taken by another man.

## Chart Rankings 
"Won't Go Home Without You" peaked #1 in Israel, #16 in Canada's Hot 100, and #3 on the U.S. *Billboard* Adult Top 40.
SUNY Downstate Medical Center

The **State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn** (also called **SUNY Downstate Medical Center**), is a medical center in the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City. It teaches medical students and has a teaching hospital.

## Other websites 
* Official Site
* Brooklyn College B.A.-M.D. Program
Goodnight Goodnight

**Goodnight Goodnight** is the fifth single by pop-rock band Maroon 5 on the album ''It Won't Be Soon Before Long''. The song was released August 2008. The song is also the 8th track off the album. 

## Video 
The music video was released August 21st, 2008. The video deals with a "before and after" sequence of a relationship between Levine and his girlfriend, Bailey. In the "before" part she was beautiful and in the "after" one they set apart, but he is still in love with her.

## Discography 
*"If I Never See Your Face Again" (2008)
*"Goodnight Goodnight" (2008)
Richard Branson

**Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson** (born 18 July 1950) is an English businessman. 

He is the chairman of the Virgin Group, a group of companies including Virgin Atlantic Airways and Virgin Records.  Branson started Virgin people, a private company that is trying to get people in space.  According to Forbes, Branson was the 245th  person in the world in 2008.

Branson is adventurous and has sporting achievements, he flew around the world in a hot air balloon where he nearly got killed.

On 11 July 2021, Branson flew to space, reaching a peak altitude of  as part of a test flight for his company, Virgin Galactic. The mission lasted approximately one hour.

## Education and career 
Richard Branson did not attend college. Branson started his career 
by setting up a mail order record business. He opened a chain of record stores called Virgin Records later known as Virgin Megastores in 1972.

## Life 
His mother was activist Eve Branson. Branson has been diagnosed with Dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. He lives on an island called Necker, he owns this island in the Caribbean.

He was born in Blackheath, London, England.

On 25 November 2025, Branson announced his second wife Joan's death at the age of 80 on Instagram, stating he was "heartbroken".

## References
Gavin DeGraw

**Gavin DeGraw** (born February 4, 1977) is an American rock singer-songwriter. He has released major singles like "I Don't Want to Be", "Chariot", and "In Love with a Girl". He has released 2 studio albums, and 1 live indie release album. 

## Discography 
**Singles**
*"I Don't Want to Be" (from the album *Chariot*) (2004)
*"Chariot" (from the album *Chariot*) (2005)
*"Follow Through" (from the album *Chariot*) (2005)
*"We Belong Together" (from the album *Chariot*) (2006)
*"In Love with a Girl" (from the album *Gavin DeGraw*)
*"Next to Me" (from the album *Gavin DeGraw*)
**Albums**
*"Chariot" (2004)
*"Gavin DeGraw" (2008)

## Other songs 
*"Just Friends" (from the album *Chariot*)
*"(Nice to Meet You) Anyway" (from the album *Chariot*)
*"Belief" (from the album *Chariot*)
*"Over-Rated" (from the album *Chariot*)
I Don't Want to Be

"'''I Don't Want to Be'*" is the debut single by Gavin DeGraw on his first album *Chariot*. The single was released in 2004. The song is in the Alternative rock genre. 

## Chart rankings 
U.S. *Billboard'' Hot 100 gave the single "I Don't Wanna Be" a ranking of #10, U.K. Singles Chart gave the single a ranking of #32, and Dutch Singles Chart ranked it at #9.

## Discography 
* "I Don't Wanna Be" (2004)
* "Follow Through" (2004)
* "Chariot" (2005)
Po

***Po*** may mean:
* Polonium, a chemical element
* Po, the hero of the movie Kung Fu Panda
* Po (Teletubby), one of the Teletubbies
* Pô, a town in Burkina Faso
* Po, Asturias or Poo (until 2005), a parish of Llanes municipality, in Asturias, Spain
* Po River, in Italy
* Po River (Virginia), in the U.S. state of Virginia
* **.po**, an abbreviation of Portable Object and filename extension of text translation files used in software localization
* Po' boy (from "Poor Boy"), a type of submarine sandwich from New Orleans
* an abbreviation for Chamber pot
* Po!, an indie band from Leicester
* Sally Po, a fictional character in the Anime series, "*Gundam Wing*"
* pò (魄), the material manifestation of the soul according to Chinese belief

***PO*** is also an acronym or abbreviation which may stand for:
*Post office
*Pau, France
*PO postcode area centred on Portsmouth in the UK
*In Armed services:
**Petty Officer, a Non-Commissioned Officer rank in many navies
**Pilot Officer, a junior commissioned rank the British and many Commonwealth air forces
*In Aviation, Polar Air Cargo, IATA airline designator
*Petrol Ofisi, Turkish petroleum distribution company
*Pareto optimality
*Purchase order
*Principal Only, a type of collateralized mortgage obligation
*Perfect Orange, a third wave ska band
* In law:
** Presiding Officer
** Parole/Probation officer
* In medicine, per os or per orem, literally "by mouth", a direction to take a medication by mouth
* In philosophy, Provocative operation, coined by Edward De Bono and part of a Lateral thinking technique
* In politics:
** *Platforma Obywatelska*, a Polish conservative-liberal party
** Pô (department), part of the Napoleonic Empire
* In Science and Technology:
** Pilkington Optronics, now Thales Optronics
** Product Owner in the Scrum development process
** Specimen code, collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg
** Petaoctet, a unit of information or computer storage
* In transportation, Chemin de Fer de Paris à Orléans, an old railway created to link Paris to Orléans
* Po, A Fracción of Barragan from the anime and manga series Bleach
Chariot

*This article is about the mode of transport, for the album see Chariot (album)*

A **chariot** is a type of transport used by many ancient civilisations and people. A chariot is horse-drawn, meaning that is pulled along by horses. A person who rides a chariot is called a **charioteer**. 

Ancient Greek myths says that Poseidon, god of the sea, and Athena, goddess of wisdom, created the chariot together. Poseidon created the horses like waves, and Athena made the chariot. The two gods worked together.
Market share

**Market share**, in business and marketing, is the share of the targeted consumer base ('market') that a business actually reaches, for a particular service or product.

It can be shown as the amount of money a company brings in from its consumers, divided by the total amount of money paid from all consumers for that service or product. It can also be shown as the amount of products/services sold ('unit sales volume') by a company  divided by the total volume sold to all the consumers in that market.

It is necessary to use market research (generally desk/secondary research, although sometimes primary research) to estimate the total market size and a company's market share.

Increasing market share is one of the most important objectives in business. The main advantage of using market share is that it removes the effects of industry-wide macroenvironmental variables such as the state of the economy, or changes in tax policy. For example, if you were one of only two psychiatrists in Chicago, then it would not matter how bad the economy was because you would always have a huge slice of the consumer-base "pie" for your service. If your service was less needed, then advertising more would help increase your market share. 

The market shares for different companies tends to change over time, causing change in the market share values.

## Related pages
* Marketing
*Business

## Other websites 
* A Model of Market Shares I and A Model of Market Shares II by Fiona Maclachlan, The Wolfram Demonstrations Project.
Oval Office

and early in Barack Obama's term, before Obama redecorated it in 2010.]]
The **Oval Office** is the official office of the president of the United States since the West Wing was incorporated to the White House in 1909. The office was first used by President Taft and has since been used by every president ever since. 

Almost every President of the United States redecorates the furnishings of the Oval Office, but usually, at the start of their administration, retain the furnishings used by their predecessors. The retired furnishings are very often moved to White House storage facilities for incoming presidents to choose from, or in other rooms in the White House.

The flooring in the current Oval Office has had four different revisions: the first (the cork flooring) being built in 1934 when the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded the West Wing (which President Richard Nixon removed in 1969), the second (the linoleum flooring) from the 1969 Nixon renovations, the third, in a cross-parquet pattern, installed by President Ronald Reagan in 1982, and the fourth, the current, which has the same cross-parquet pattern as Reagan's, installed by President George W. Bush in 2005. 

## Other websites 
* Oval Office historical photo essay
* Pictures of the Oval Office during different presidencies (1909–2005)
* White House Museum online tour: the Oval Office
OpenOffice Impress

**OpenOffice Impress**, a part of the OpenOffice office suite package and created by Sun Microsystems, is a presentation program similar to Microsoft PowerPoint. In addition to being able to create PDF files from presentations, it is also able to export presentations to SWF files, allowing it to be played on any computer with a Flash player installed. It is able to view, edit and save files in many file formats, including the .ppt format, which is used by Microsoft PowerPoint. Impress is distributed (spread) under an open source licence so people can download it as free software. It released under the terms of the Apache License.

OpenOffice Impress users can install the Open Clip Art Library, which adds a large amount of images for general presentation and drawing projects. Linux distributions Debian, Gentoo, Mandriva and Ubuntu have given the ready-to-use *openclipart* package for download and install from their online software repositories.

## Related pages
* OpenOffice.org
* LibreOffice
* Microsoft Powerpoint
* KPresenter

## References 
## Other websites 
* Impress Official Page
* Impress Presentation FAQ
* User resources at OOo Wiki
* OpenOffice.org 2 Guidebook
* OpenOffice.org Blog

### Templates and resources 
* Presentation Templates from the official documentation page
* OpenOffice.org Impress Templates
* Extension Repository for OpenOffice

### Guide and Articles 
* OpenOffice.org 2.x Impress Guide
* First Steps in Impress, updated for OpenOffice.org 2.0
* Differences In Use Between Impress and Powerpoint 
* TuxMagazine issue 10  (free PDF download after registration)
** *OpenOffice.org 2.0 Impress: the Confusing Duckling Becomes a User-Friendly Swan* by *Solveig L. Haugland*
* Delivering Effective Presentations with OpenOffice.org's Impress
Appendicitis

**Appendicitis** is the inflammation of a person's appendix. The appendix is a pouch at the start of the large intestine. Symptoms usually include a sharp pain in the lower right abdomen. Also, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite are common. If the appendix ruptures (splits) the result is painful peritonitis, and sepsis. Therefore immediate treatment in hospital is needed for appendicitis. Usually the infected appendix is taken out.

The function of the appendix in apes is the digestion of vegetable matter such as leaves. Humans do not digest leaves, but we inherited some of the apes' vegetarian apparatus. Our appendix is much smaller than that of present-day apes, and for some reason our immune system does not serve it well. An infection there is not eliminated as it might be elsewhere in the body.

The causes of appendicitis include blocking in the appendix, or bacterial infections. If it is not treated, it may lead to peritonitis and shock. Most serious appendicitis happens to younger children and elder adults. Appendicitis is common between the ages of ten and fourteen for males, and fifteen and nineteen for females. The most usual treatment is an appendectomy which means removing the appendix. Sometimes, it gets better without surgery. Some people think that eating vegetables will help, but no chances should be taken. *Seek medical advice* if in doubt.

Reginald Fitz first described acute appendicitis in 1886. It is one of the leading causes worldwide of "pain in the abdomen", a term used in medicine and surgery to cover a wide range of causes.

## References
Chandpur District

**Chandpur** (চাঁদপুর)is a district in east-central Bangladesh. It is at the mouth of the Meghna River. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. The town of Chandpur is at the end of a Bangladesh Railways line.

## Geography
Chandpur district has a total area of 1704.06 square kilometres. It is bordered by Munshiganj District and Comilla District on the north, Noakhali District, Lakshmipur District and Barisal District on the south, Comilla District on the east, and Meghna River, Shariatpur District and Munshiganj District on the west.

Chandpur is where two of the biggest rivers of Bangladesh meet, the Padma River and the Meghna River.

## Subdivisions
Chandpur has 6 municipalities, 60 wards, 195 mahallas, 8 upazilas, 1 thana, 87 union parishads and 1226 villages. The municipalities are Chandpur Sadar, Shahrasti, Matlab, Changer Char and Hajiganj. The administrative subdivisions called upazilas are: 

#Chandpur Sadar Upazila
#Faridganj Upazila
#Haimchar Upazila
#Haziganj Upazila
#Kachua Upazila
#Matlab South Upazila
#Matlab North Upazilla
#Shahrasti Upazila

## Religions
In 1991 the religions of the people of this district were recorded as being: 
Muslim - 92.55%, Hindu - 7.18%, Buddhist - 0.06%, Christian - 0.07% and Others - 0.14%.

## Related pages
* Districts of Bangladesh
* Chittagong Division
* Railway stations in Bangladesh
* Fishing Hilsa During Rainy Season

## References 
* FallingRain Map - elevation = 3m
Bengal Presidency

The **Bengal Presidency** was a colonial region of British India; it was made up of undivided Bengal. This area of Bengal is today split into  Bangladesh as well as following states of India:

* West Bengal
* Assam
* Bihar
* Meghalaya
* Orissa
* Tripura

However the Bengal Presidency also later included other areas that are now part of Pakistan and India. The areas of India that used to be part of the presidency include, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh as well as parts of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra. It also included the North-West Frontier and British Punjab provinces of Pakistan as well as Burma. Penang and Singapore were also considered to be part of the Presidency until they became part of the Crown Colony of the Straits Settlements in 1867.

## References
Banglapedia

***Banglapedia***, or the *National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh*, is the first Bangladeshi encyclopedia. It is available in print, CD-ROM format and online, in both Bangla and English. The print version comprises has 500-page volumes. The first edition was published in January 2003 by the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, with a plan to update it every two years. 

*Banglapedia* is not a general encyclopaedia but one that covers Bangladesh-related topics. Although Bangladesh is a new country, there is a lot of history going back many, Banglapedia uses the word Bangladesh to include the territory of ancient Eastern India, Suba Bangla, Shahi Bangalah, Mughal Suba Bangla, Bengal Presidency, Bengal Province, East Bengal, East Pakistan, and the independent Bangladesh.

## References
Forrest Gump (novel)

***Forrest Gump*** is a 1986 novel by Winston Groom. The novel tells the story of Forrest Gump, a man with an IQ of 75, and his epic journey through life, meeting historical figures, influencing popular culture and experiencing first-hand historic events while largely unaware of their significance, due to his lower than average intelligence. The movie adaptation differs substantially from the book on which it was based.

## Film adaptation 
*Forrest Gump* was made into a movie starring Tom Hanks. The movie, however, covers a slightly different version of the later chapters, which deal with Gump's shrimp business and his meeting of his son Forrest, Jr. Also, Gump marries Jenny in the movie. Gump and Forrest Jr. do not have the loving relationship that the end of the movie features - in the movie, they actively tell each other that they love one another in their last conversation.

In addition, the movie invented one of its most famous scenes, in which Forrest chooses to run across America repeatedly over a three year period, before his meeting of Forrest, Jr.
Chittagong District

**Chittagong District** () is a district in the south-eastern region of  Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. The port city of Chittagong, the second largest city in Bangladesh, is in this district.

## History
Because of its harbour, Chittagong had been an important place for trade, bringing Arab traders as early as the 9th century CE. The region fell under the rule of kings from Arakan in the 16th and 17th centuries, but later, the Mughal army under Islam Khan conquered Chittagong. During the 17th century, the region also faced a lot of attacks by Portuguese pirates. The Mughals established Chittagong as a district in 1666. The Chittagong Hill Tracts were separated from Chittagong in 1860. Cox's Bazar was separated into a district in 1984.

## People
According to the 1991 census, the religion of the people are:
**Religious composition (1991)**: Muslim - 83.92%, Hindu - 13.76%; Buddhist - 2.01%, Christian - 0.11% and Others - 0.2%.

## Thanas
*Rangamati Thana
*Chittagong Thana
*Khagrachari Thana
*Cox's Bazar Thana
*Bandarban Thana

## Related pages
*Chittagong
*Chittagong Division
*Divisions of Bangladesh

## References
James Abbott

General **Sir James Abbott** (12 March 1807 – 6 October 1896) was a British army officer in colonial India. He became famous in the northwest frontier region of India in the middle part of the 19th century (today this is the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan). He was one of Henry Lawrence's 'advisers' to the Sikhs, after the First Anglo-Sikh War (1846), and then became the first deputy commissioner of Hazara (1849 - 1853). 

As part of the Treaty of Lahore signed after the defeat of the Sikhs in the First Anglo-Sikh War, Hazara and Kashmir were going to be transferred to Gulab Singh, Hazara however stayed under the Lahore government and governed by James Abbott. The Pakistani city of Abbottabad was founded by him in January 1853 and is named after him.

## References 
## Other websites 
*www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
White Nights Festival

with the Alexander Column view from the Winter Palace]]
The **White Nights Festival** in St. Petersburg, Russia is an international cultural festival which is held every year. There are classical ballet, opera and music events. Many famous Russian dancers, singers, musicians and actors, take part, as well as famous international guest stars. The Scarlet Sails celebration is the big climax of the White Nights season, the largest public event anywhere in Russia. About a million people visit the festival.

The middle of summer in St Petersburg is known as the "White Nights" because, as it is so far north, the sky does not get completely dark during the short night.

The festival begins in May with the "Stars of the White Nights" at Mariinsky Theatre and ends in July. However, there are some performances that take place before and after the official dates.

The "Stars of the White Nights" is a series of classical ballet, opera and orchestral performances at the Mariinsky Theatre and the Mariinsky Concert Hall. The artistic director of the festival is Valery Gergiev.

The "Stars of the White Nights" festival was originally started by the first mayor of St. Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak, and has been held every year since 1993. Some of the stars who performed here include Plácido Domingo, Olga Borodina, Alfred Brendel, Anna Netrebko, Carlo Maria Giulini, Yuri Temirkanov, Gidon Kremer, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Alexander Toradze, Deborah Voigt, James Conlon and many other classical performers.

A series of carnivals take place during the White Nights Festival in St. Petersburg. In one of the carnivals the actors dress in period costumes from the times of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. Old carriages are ridden around the Peterhof park.

Every summer in St. Petersburg the Palace Square becomes a stage for international stars of popular music. This wide square has been used for official military parades and massive demonstrations, as well as for political events and large-scale shows and other entertainment. Recent performers have been Paul McCartney, the Rolling Stones, Scorpions and other stars.

## Other websites
* White Nights Foundation: White Nights Foundation of America 
* Valery Gergiev Official website
Infantry

**Infantry** is the branch of a country's army that fights on foot.  A member of the infantry is called an **infantryman**. Infantrymen are also called **foot soldiers** or footmen. Infantry is different than cavalry because infantry members fight on their own two feet, without vehicles or animals to ride on. Historically, infantrymen were trained to use spears, swords and shields. Modern infantrymen are trained to use many different kinds of weapons, including rifles, grenades, rocket launchers, pistols, sniper rifles, and machine guns. It is one of the most dangerous jobs in any country's military. Since the end of World War II, 81% of Americans killed in battle were infantrymen. This is despite the fact that the infantry made up only about 4% of the US military. The infantry is the backbone of the military and the most important branch of the army.

## References
North Ossetia–Alania

The **Republic of North Ossetia-Alania** () is a small republic in the north of the Caucasus which is part of Russia.

In the Middle Ages it was called “Alania”. Since 1804 it has been under Russian control. When the Soviet Union was breaking up in the early 1990s there was a lot of nationalistic feeling in the area. Some Ossetian people wanted to call the country Alania again. In November 1994 the name of Alania was added to the republican title (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania).

A lot of people have come to North Ossetia as refugees because of the wars in neighbouring countries of Chechnya and South Ossetia.

The republic was founded on 5 December 1936.

## Related pages
* Ossetic language
* Music of Ossetia
* North Caucasus
Bryan Clay

**Bryan Ezra Tsumoru Clay** (born January 3, 1980) is an American decathlete – the 2008 Olympic gold medalist and 2004 Olympic silver medalist.

Clay was born in Austin, Texas. He was raised in Hawaii.

## References
## Other websites
Commando

A **commando** is a soldier who has been highly trained in combat.

A commando is a special forces soldier who is "trained and equipped to conduct" special operations, according to Australian authorities.

In many miliaries, they are used to rescue hostages and board enemy ships. In the United Kingdom, to become a commando, candidates must pass either Royal Marine Commando training or the All Arms Commando Course.

The military of the United States and some other countries, do not have (military) units with commandos. The United States does have special forces soldiers (and they are sometimes called special forces operators). United States Army Special Forces is one of the special forces of the U.S. military.

## Related pages 
* Special forces

## References
Wake Up Call

**Wake Up Call** could mean:
* Wake Up Call (CNBC) – business news television series on CNBC.
* The Wake Up Call (The West Wing) – *The West Wing* episode.
* Wake Up Call (The 4400 episode) – *The 4400* episode.
* *Wake Up Call (song)* - a song from Maroon 5's second album, ''It Won't Be Soon Before Long*.
* *Wake Up Call (Hayden Panettiere song)'' - a song from Hayden Panettiere's debut album.
* *Wake-Up Call (album)* – the album from Christian rock band, Petra.
* Wake-up call (service) – original meaning, telephone type wake up calls.
* Wakeup Call – the WBAI radio program.
* Wake Up Call (band) - an alt/rock band based out of Omaha, Nebraska
Convention People's Party

The '''Convention People's Party (CPP)''' is a political party in Ghana. It was started by Kwame Nkrumah in 1949. It was formed as a split from the United Gold Coast Convention, which, before the forming of the CPP, Nkrumah became general secretary of in 1947. Nkrumah split from the UGCC because Nkrumah did not agree with the UGCC's beliefs and ways. The party continues to exist today.

## References
## Other websites
*Information on the party
Violet Baudelaire

**Violet Baudelaire** is a fictional character in the popular children's book series *A Series of Unfortunate Events* by Lemony Snicket. Violet is the oldest of the Baudelaire orphans. Her younger siblings are her brother Klaus and her sister Sunny. She is an inventor using what ever she can to make items to help escape Count Olaf.She puts her hair up when she is inventing to help keep it out of her face and focus. Violet is 14 in the beginning of the series and turns 15 in The Grimm grotto.Violet has long, dark brown hair, and though her eye color is never revealed in the books, it is suggested that her eyes are a different color from Klaus's. In the 2004 movie she is played by Emily Browning. In the TV series made in 2017-2018 she is played by Malina Weissman.

## References
Bernard Fanning

**Bernard Fanning** (born 15 August 1969) is the singer, guitarist and writes songs for the Australian rock band Powderfinger.

Born in Brisbane, Fanning joined the band Powderfinger after finishing high school in 1989. He was asked to join by singer and guitar player Ian Haug. The other four tracks where recorded in Brisbane. All the songs were written by Bernard Fanning. Other musicians on the album are John Bedggood, John Marotta, Keith Duffy, Duane Billing, Matt Englebrecht, Chris Bosely, Tchad Blake, Ben Quinn and Stu Miller.

### Tracks
# "Thrill is Gone"
# "Wish You Well"
# "Not Finished Just Yet"
# "Songbird"
# "Believe"
# "Which Way Home"
# "Wash Me Clean"
# "Hope and Validation"
# "Sleeping Rough"
# "The Strangest Thing"
# "Further Down the Road" 
# "Down to the River"
# "Yesterday's Gone"
# "Watch Over Me"

## References
## Other websites
* The Bernard Fanning website