open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lake Marion (South Carolina)

**Lake Marion** is the largest lake in South Carolina. It is centrally located. Parts of it are in five different counties. The lake is referred to as South Carolina's inland sea. It has a  shoreline. It covers almost 110,000 acres (450 square kilometers or 173.7 square miles) of rolling farmlands, former marshes, and river valley landscape.

The Santee River was dammed in the 1940s to supply hydroelectric power. This was part of the rural electrification efforts initiated under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal during the Great Depression. It is one of the fifty largest lakes in the United States, whether natural or man-made reservoirs. It covers only about a third of the area of the fifteenth largest in size.

Visitors can travel from Lake Marion through the Diversion Canal to Lake Moultrie. At the end of Lake Moultrie lies the 75-foot high Pinopolis Lock which will lower boaters down to the Tailrace Canal which takes you to the Cooper River and on to Charleston.

## References
2015 Copa América

The **2015 Copa América** was a football sporting event that was organized by Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol. It was held in Chile in 2015. 12 teams took part from many countries. Chile won their first title after beating Argentina in the final on a penalty shootout after a goalless draw.

## Participants 
## Venues
The tournament was in 9 stadiums in 8 cities.

## Group stage 
### Group A 
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### Group B 
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### Group C 
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## Knockout stage 
### Quarter finals 
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### Semifinals 
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### Third place 
### Final 
## Goalscorers 
;4 goals
* Eduardo Vargas
* Paolo Guerrero

;3 goals
* Arturo Vidal
* Lucas Barrios
* Sergio Agüero

;2 goals
* Charles Aránguiz
* Matías Vuoso
* Raúl Jiménez
* Ángel Di María
* Gonzalo Higuaín
* Miller Bolaños
* Enner Valencia
* Marcelo Moreno

;1 goal
* Cristian Rodríguez
* José Giménez
* Lionel Messi
* Marcos Rojo
* Javier Pastore
* Nelson Haedo Valdez
* Édgar Benítez
* Derlis González
* Salomón Rondón
* 
* Christian Cueva
* Claudio Pizarro
* André Carrillo
* Neymar
* Douglas Costa
* Thiago Silva
* Roberto Firmino
* Robinho
* Ronald Raldes
* Martin Smedberg-Dalence
* Jeison Murillo
* Alexis Sánchez
* Gary Medel
* Mauricio Isla

;Own goals
* Ronald Raldes (playing against Chile)
* Gary Medel (playing against Peru)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Trap music

**Trap music** is a sub-genre that originated during the 1990s from Reggeaton in Puerto Rico. It is typified by its ominous lyrics and sound that incorporate double or triple-time division hi-hats, heavy kick drums from a Roland TR-808 synthesizer, layered synthesizers, and "cinematic" strings. The term "trap" initially referred to places where drug deals take place. In recent years it has been incorporated with electronic dance music by artists who have remixed and made trap songs with more Electronic-like aspects, which created the genre Trap EDM.

## References
NHL 07

***NHL 07*** is an ice hockey video game. It was released in September 2006. It is the sequel to *NHL 06*. The game improved the series' gameplay with more realistic features. Those features included stickhandling and a wider variety of controller schemes. The majority of improvements were to the Xbox 360 version. The other versions, for the PC, Xbox and PlayStation 2 only had modest improvements.

The game was nominated for the VGX Award for Best Team Sports Game.

## Ratings
* 8.7/10·IGN.com
* 3/5·Softonic 
* 4/5·Metacritic

## References
Downeaster

The **Downeaster** is the name of the Amtrak train line in Portland, Maine. There is a cafe on board.

## Other websites
* Downeaster website
Zip line

A **zip-line** (also called a **zip line**, **zip wire**, **aerial runway**, **aerial ropeslide**, **death slide** or **Tyrolean crossing**) is a device that allows a person to slide down an inclined wire or rope. The process uses gravity to propel the user. You can be stopped by dragging your feet or by water. Often a pulley is used suspended on a cable, usually made of stainless steel. Zip-lines are often used for entertainment. Some are short and low designed for children on a playground. Zip-lines are often used as a means of getting to remote areas, such as a rainforest canopy or crossing a river. 
 
## History 
The zip-wire has been used as a way to get around in some mountainous countries for over 2,000 years. Since the 1700s they have been used in places like Europe, China and the Himalayas. In the Australian outback, zip-lines were occasionally used for delivering food, cigarettes or tools. In setting up training the army decided to use drop towers with zip lines to simulate a parachute landing. Graduate students, John Williams and Donald Perry were rock-climbers who were in Costa Rica studying botanical (plants) and entomological (insects) subjects. The jungles of Costa Rica, Florida, Puerto Vallarta,and Nicaragua are popular places for those interested in experiencing zip-lines. Zip-line tours are not available at places such as Santa Catalina Island, Big Bear and the San Diego Zoo in California. The tour lasts for five hours. The world's longest zip-line tour is "Miss Sky Canopy Tour" in Nosara, Costa Rica. It runs for  and is made up of 21 runs. Taihape, New Zealand has one of the fastest zip-lines (called flying foxes locally) with speeds at over .

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Gorge in North Carolina 
* Skyline tour in New York 
* How Safe is Ziplining?
Otto Grotewohl

**Otto Grotewohl** (German pronunciation: [ˈɔtoː ˈɡʁoːtəvoːl]; 11 March 1894 – 23 September 1964) was an East German politician. He was co-chairman of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) from 1946 to 1950 (together with Wilhelm Pieck), and the first prime minister of the German Democratic Republic from 1949 until his death in 1964.

On behalf of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and later the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) Grotewohl was a member of the Landtag of the Free State of Brunswick from 1920 to 1930, and also a minister of the Free State of Brunswick. He was also a member of the Reichstag from 1925 to 1933.
Plant anatomy

s and tissues. Epidermis, pith, phloem, and cortex are plant tissues. Vascular bundles are a type of vascular tissue that contains phloem and other cells.]]
**Plant anatomy** or **phytotomy** is the study of the internal structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant morphology,

## References
## Related pages
*Nehemiah Grew - called "father of plant anatomy"
*Comparative anatomy
Iris (plant)

***Iris*** is a genus of 260–300 species of flowering plants with showy flowers. It takes its name from the Greek word for a rainbow. This refers to the wide variety of flower colors found among the many species. The scientific name, *iris* is also very widely used as a common name for all *Iris* species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. It is a member of the Iridaceae family It is a popular garden flower.

## Description 
Irises are hardy plants (able to survive outside during winter) that are easy to grow. They attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Irises are a favorite cut flower. The bearded irises (*Iris germanica*) is the tallest at about . Irises generally have three large sepals on the outside called "falls". They have three inner petals called "standards". Irises that are called bearded are because of soft hairs growing in the center. Irises that are called combed have a ridge of hairs in the center.  A common name for some species is 'flags'. Plants of the subgenus *Scorpiris* are widely known as 'junos', particularly in horticulture. 

## References
Chris

**Chris** [ kris ] is a nickname or short form of various given names. These include Christopher, Christian, Christina, Christine, and Christos. The nickname is used by both males and females. It is also a name used by individuals. Chris Columbus and Chris Penn are two well known examples. It is also a name given to tropical storms, hurricanes, trademarks such as Chris-Craft Boats and other places and things. 

## People 
* Chris Benoit, Canadian professional wrestler (1967–2007)

## References
Constance Jablonski

**Constance Jablonski** is a French model.

## Early life
In 2006, she won Elite Model Look in France. She finished her studies and started modeling two years later. Since 2010, she also walks the runway for Victoria's Secret every year.

## References
Maria Barroso

**Maria de Jesus Simões Barroso Soares**, GCL (2 May 1925 – 7 July 2015) was a Portuguese politician and actress. She was the wife of former Portuguese President Mário Soares. She served as First Lady of Portugal between 1986 and 1996.

## References
Royal Institution

The **Royal Institution of Great Britain** (usually the **Royal Institution** or **RI**) is an organisation devoted to scientific education and research, based in London.

The Royal Institution was founded in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish. Its purpose was to:
:"diffuse the knowledge, and facilitate the general introduction, of useful mechanical inventions and improvements; and for teaching, by courses of philosophical lectures and experiments, the application of science to the common purposes of life". 

Directors of the R.I. have included some of the greatest scientists, including Humphrey Davy, Michael Faraday, Sir William Henry Bragg and Sir William Lawrence Bragg, Max Perutz and John Kendrew. Fifteen Directors have won Nobel Prizes.

## Greenfield controversy
From 1998 to 8 January 2010, the Director of the Royal Institution was Baroness Susan Greenfield, but following a review, the position was abolished for being "no longer affordable".

Greenfield subsequently announced that she would be suing for discrimination.
The RI's official statement stated it would "continue to deliver its main charitable objectives under the direction of chief executive officer, Chris Rofe and a talented senior team including Professor Quentin Pankhurst, the Director of the Davy Faraday Research Laboratory, Dr Gail Cardew, the Head of Programmes and Professor Frank James, Head of Collections and Heritage". Baroness Greenfield later dropped the discrimination case.

## References
Rebel Heart

***Rebel Heart*** is the thirteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna.  It was her second album to be released under Interscope Records, after her previous album, *MDNA*. It was released on March 10, 2015. Rebel Heart ed at number two on the US *Billboard* 200. It contained the singles "Living for Love" and "Bitch I'm Madonna". The second song, "Bitch I'm Madonna", features Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. American disc jockey Diplo was one of the producers of the album, along with Madonna herself.

## Track listing
## References
Jerry Weintraub

**Jerome Charles **"**Jerry**"** Weintraub** (September 26, 1937 – July 6, 2015) was an American talent agent, concert promoter, movie producer and chairman and CEO of United Artists.

Weintraub was born in Brooklyn and raised in the Bronx. For some time, Weintraub worked at MCA Records.

His career began as a talent agent in 1974. He was known for managing many singers such as John Denver, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Neil Diamond, Bob Dylan, and the rock group Led Zeppelin.

He also produced movies, including: *Nashville* (1975), *Diner* (1982), *The Karate Kid* (1984), and the 2001 remake of ''Ocean's Eleven* (2001).  In 2014 he won an Emmy Award as co-producer of *Years of Living Dangerously,'' a television documentary about global warming. In 2011, HBO broadcast a television documentary about Weintraub's life, called *His Way*.

In 1965, Weintraub married Jane Morgan, who was 13 years older than Weintraub. Together, they had four children.

Weintraub died in Santa Barbara, California from a heart attack at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
* Jerry Weintraub interview at Elvis Australia
* 
*
Carlo de Gavardo

**Carlo Alberto de Gavardo Prohens** (14 July 1969 – 4 July 2015) was a Chilean motorist and motorcyclist. He has participated in numerous rallies worldwide, including the Dakar Rally and Rallye des Pharaons. He was the first Chilean motorcyclist to run the Paris-Dakar from beginning to end.

de Gavardo died of respiratory arrest in Buin, Chile, aged 45.

## References
Paul Hogan

**Paul Hogan**, AM (born 8 October 1939) is an Australian comedian, actor, producer. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and won a Golden Globe award for his performance as Michael "Crocodile" Dundee in *"Crocodile" Dundee* (1986).

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Linda Kozlowski

**Linda Kozlowski** (born January 7, 1958) is an American former actress. She has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award. She is known for her role as Sue Charlton in *"Crocodile" Dundee*.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Gordon Hunt

**Gordon Edwynn Hunt** (April 26, 1929 &ndash; December 17, 2016) was an American actor, voice actor, director of stage, movie, and voiceover and casting director.

He has directed such animated productions such as *The Jetsons*, *Scooby-Doo*, *Super Friends*, *The Pirates of Dark Water*, *Droopy, Master Detective*, *Pound Puppies*, *The Richie Rich Show*, *The Smurfs* and many more.

## Other websites
*Official Website 
*
Jane Morgan

**Jane Morgan** (born **Florence Catherine Currier**; May 3, 1924 &ndash; August 4, 2025) was an American popular music singer. Morgan was popular in France and the UK before becoming popular in the United States. She received six gold records and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She retired in 1973.

Morgan married movie producer and talent agent, Jerry Weintraub in 1965. They had four children. Weintraub died in 2015.

## Notable performances 
Morgan performed for French President Charles de Gaulle. She also sang for five U.S. Presidents: John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and George W. Bush. She toured with Jack Benny and John Raitt, and sang at the Grand Ole Opry. Two of her RCA singles hit the Billboard country charts in 1970.

## Death 
Morgan celebrated her 100th birthday in May 2024. She died at her home in Naples, Florida on August 4, 2025, at the age of 101.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
* UNICEF Ball honoring Jerry Weintraub
* *Huffington Post*: Weintraub Salute
Love Me like You Do

"**Love Me like You Do**" is a song recorded by British recording artist Ellie Goulding. It was recorded for the movie *Fifty Shades of Grey*. It reached number three on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 and on the Canadian Hot 100. It was #1 on the UK Singles Chart and the charts of several other countries. The song is an electropop song. It is the fifth song on the movie's soundtrack. It was later included on Goulding's third studio album, *Delirium*.

The song's music video has received over 2.3 billion views on YouTube as of December 2024.

## References
Yung Lean

**Jonatan Leandoer Håstad** (born 18 July 1996) better known by his stage name **Yung Lean** is a Swedish rapper, singer and songwriter known for wearing bucket hats. Yung Lean d his  (first) mixtape in 2013, titled *Unknown Death 2002*. He has multiple singles on YouTube under his label Sad Boys Entertainment. These include "Ginseng Strip 2002", "Kyoto", and "Yoshi City". Lean released his debut album *Unknown Memory* during the late summer of 2014. This followed a two-month long American tour. The New York Times called him an up-and-comer in the rap world. "A 17-year-old Swedish kid can rack up millions of YouTube views and SoundCloud plays without making so much as a ripple in the mainstream hip-hop world." At age 3 he moved to Sweden. At first he only spoke Russian. He learned Swedish and performs in English.

## References
Leonard Starr

**Leonard Starr** (October 28, 1925 – June 30, 2015) was an American cartoonist, comic book artist, and advertising artist. He was best known for creating the newspaper comic strip *On Stage* and reviving *Little Orphan Annie*.

## References
## Other websites
*Leonard Starr official site
*NCS Awards
Scot Breithaupt

**Scot Alexander Breithaupt** (July 14, 1957 – c. July 4, 2015) was an entrepreneur, "Old School" professional Motorcycle MX and Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer and a founding father of BMX in 1970.

Breithaupt was found dead in a tent where he had been living in a vacant lot in Indio, California on July 4, 2015, aged 57.

## References
Developmentalism

The **Developmentalism** is an economic theory. It says that the best way for third world countries to develop is through a strong and varied internal market and by having high tariffs on imported goods.

Developmentalism is based on the assumptions that:
*There are similar stages to development for all countries.
*There is movement from one stage to another. This movement goes from traditional or primitive to modern or industrialized.

## Related pages 
* Economic development
* Protectionism

## References 
## Other websites 
* Aktionsgemeinschaft Soziale Marktwirtschaft - German Ordoliberal association 
* Journal of Post Keynesian Economics
Private company

A **privately held company** is a company which is not publicly listed on a stock market and consequently cannot be openly bought or sold. Often it is owned by a family or a small group of shareholders. Private companies are often small, but some are amongst the largest companies in the world. Many public companies started life as private companies. In the United States, private companies are held to different auditing standards than are public companies. Private companies do not have to file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This makes it harder to find financial information on private companies.

## References
Horneophyton

***Horneophyton*** is a genus of early Devonian fossil land plants. Its fossils are very common in the Rhynie chert. Both the sporophyte and a female gametophyte have been found as fossils. The sporophyte was about 20 cm tall, and the gametophyte was about 6 cm tall. It is not really a vascular plant. It had vascular tissue but the cells had thin walls.

*Horneophyton* had anatomy similar to the hornworts. It is also similar to the vascular plant *Rhynia* which lived at the same time. It might therefore be a missing link between the Bryophytes like hornworts and the vascular plants like *Rhynia*.

## References 
* 
* 

 has parts of many *Horneophyton* plants. The red circles show the bases of sporophytes.]]
Cookiecutter shark

The **cookiecutter shark** (*Isistius brasiliensis*) is a species of small dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae. This shark, also called the cigar shark, lives in warm, oceanic waters around the world. It often lives near islands. It has been recorded as deep as .

The name "cookiecutter shark" refers to its biting. It takes round plugs, as if cut out with a cookie cutter, out of larger animals. Marks made by cookiecutter sharks have been found on many marine mammals and fishes, as well as on submarines, undersea cables, and even human bodies.
Ágnes Osztolykán

**Ágnes Osztolykán** (born 3 November 1974) is a Hungarian of Roma Background, politician an activist for the Roma people. She was in the National Assembly of Hungary from 2010 to 2014. In 2011, she received International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State. 

## Work 
Osztolykán studied at the University of Miskolc. She graduated in 1998 with a degree in political science. Then she worked for the Soros Foundation. She was head of the Decade of Roma Inclusion Program at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor for six years. 

She went to Parliament in 2010. She was a member of the parliamentary group of Lehet Más a Politika (LMP), or Politics Can Be Different Party. On 26 November 2012, she became deputy leader of the LMP parliamentary group.

## Awards 
* International Women of Courage Award

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Bob Ehrlich

**Robert Leroy "Bob" Ehrlich, Jr.** (born November 25, 1957) is an American attorney and Republican politician. He served as the 60th Governor of Maryland from 2003 to 2007.

## Other websites
* Maryland Archives gubernatorial biography. http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/08conoff/former/html/msa12125.html 
* Maryland Archives general biography. http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/012100/012125/html/msa12125.html 
* Congressional Quarterly election library. http://library.cqpress.com
* Ehrlich Personnel Story https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/02/AR2005110203228.html?nav=rss_metro/md
* MD Gubernatorial Candidates List  at Ballotpedia
Roza Otunbayeva

**Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva** (Kyrgyz and Russian: Роза Исаковна Отунбаева; born August 23, 1950) is a Kyrgyz diplomat and politician.  She was President of Kyrgyzstan from April 7, 2010 until December 1, 2011. In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State. 

## Life
Otunbayeva was born in Frunze (now Bishkek), in Kyrgyzstan in the Soviet Union. She got a degree in philosophy from Moscow State University in 1972.  Then she was a senior professor and head of the philosophy department at Kyrgyz State National University for six years. In 1975 she got a Candidate of Sciences degree after writing a dissertation named "Critique of falsification of Marxist-Leninist dialectic by the philosophers of Frankfurt school".

Otunbayeva is divorced and has two children. She speaks Russian, English, German, and French in addition to Kyrgyz.

## Work 
In 1981, Otunbayeva became a secretary of the Lenin council of Frunze. In the late 1980s, she was the head of the Soviet delegation to UNESCO in Paris.  Later she was the Soviet Ambassador to Malaysia. When Kyrgyzstan became independent, she was the Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, then she was Kyrgyzstan's first ambassador to the USA and Canada. From 1998 to 2001, she was the Kyrgyz ambassador to the United Kingdom. From 2002 to 2004, she was deputy head of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia.   On April 7, 2010, Otunbayeva became the head of a Kyrgyz interim government.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
John A. Williams

)]]
**John Alfred Williams** (December 5, 1925 – July 3, 2015) was an African-American author, journalist, and academic. His novel *The Man Who Cried I Am* was a bestseller in 1967.

Williams was born in Jackson, Mississippi. He studied at Syracuse University. Williams died in Paramus, New Jersey from Alzheimer's disease, aged 89.

## References
Irwin Keyes

**Irwin Keyes** (March 16, 1952 – July 8, 2015) was an American actor He was known for his role as Hugo in the television series *The Jeffersons*.

Keyes' family announced his death on July 8, 2015. He was 63 years old. Keyes died from acromegaly.  

## References
## Other websites
*
Volga Germans

**Volga Germans** ( or *Russlanddeutsche*, , *povolzhskie nemtsy*) were ethnic Germans living along the Volga River. They kept the culture, language, traditions and religions of Germans, including Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism.

Catherine the Great invited Germans to immigrate. She gave them Russian lands, and allowed them to keep their language and culture.

The Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of the Volga Germans (; ) existed from 1924 to 1942 with the capital in Engels.

## South America
Germans from Russia also settled in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Most Volga Germans who settled in Latin America were Catholic. Many Catholic Volga Germans chose South America as their new homeland because the nations in South America shared their religion.

## Other websites 
* Volga Germans
* American Historical Society of Germans from Russia 
* Germans from Russia in Argentina Genealogy  
* Wolgadeutschen
Fons van Wissen

**Fons van Wissen** (21 March 19337 July 2015) was a Dutch football player.

He made his debut for the Netherlands in an April 1957 friendly match against Belgium and has earned a total of 30 caps, scoring 4 goals. He represented his country in 4 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.

## References
Peter Záboji

**Peter (Balazs) Záboji** (25 December 1943 – 3 July 2015) was a Hungarian investor and entrepreneur. He has contributed significantly to the development of start up businesses in Budapest and received the highest civil recognition from the president of Hungary.

## References
Mitraillette

A ***Mitraillette*** (, literally "submachine gun"), is a type of food from Belgium. It might come from Brussels, but is also popular in Flanders, Wallonia and the Nord region of France, where it is also known as an "*Américain*" (literally an "American").

## Composition
A typical *mitraillette* consists of:

* A demi-baguette (or sometimes a smaller version of a baguette).
* Fried meat (as sausage, burger, steak, frikandel). The type of meat will be different in each restaurant.
* Fries
* One of a variety of sauces, including mayonnaise, ketchup, sauce andalouse, garlic sauce, bearnaise sauce and many others.

Crudités are often included (grated carrot, fresh lettuce, tomato slices), though different in each location. Cheese and cabbage are also sometimes included.

Originally *mitraillettes* only contained a sausage or sliced meat. Different versions quickly became available. Often, dürüms are served instead in more multicultural areas.

## References
## Other websites
Richard Shelby

**Richard Shelby** (born May 6, 1934) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Alabama from 1987 to 2023. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 1987. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1987.

Shelby was born on May 6, 1934 in Birmingham, Alabama. He graduated from the University of Alabama. Shelby Hall at the University of Alabama is the largest science facility in the US. It was finished in 2004 and named for Shelby and his wife. The person elected to replace him was Katie Britt, who was once his chief of staff.

## References
## Other websites
* Richard Shelby, US Senator for Alabama, Home Page
Mahogany

**Mahogany** is a hard tropical wood from the Americas. It was discovered by Europeans early in the 16th century (~1514). The wood originally came from a tree, *Swietenia mahagoni*, a tree native to southern Florida  and islands in the Caribbean including the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola., but later also from other trees from the same genus *Swietenia*. The wood from trees of the related genus *Khaya* is known as African mahogany.

At first, mahogany was used by the Spanish and English to build ships. 
Mark Catesby's *Natural History* explains why: 
"[Mahogany] has properties for that use excelling oak, and all other wood, viz. durableness, resisting gunshots, and burying the shot without splintering".

The second use for mahogany was to make furniture. The Spanish were first to do this, but in the 18th and early 19th century it was much used by English workshops. This period is called "Age of Mahogany". Also much furniture in mahogany was made in France and other European countries.

It has a few special characteristics that make mahogany a helpful wood. It is strong and durable but easy to bend so is especially helpful for carpenters. Mahogany trees, although endangered, grow very tall and are so may be cut into large sheets. Also, mahogany is resistant to stains.

## References
Mike Lamb

**Michael Robert Lamb** (born August 9, 1975) is an American former professional baseball third baseman and first baseman. Lamb stands  and weighs .

## Other websites
## References
Judd Gregg

**Judd Gregg** (born February 14, 1947) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from the state of New Hampshire. Before becoming a U.S. Senator, he was Governor of New Hampshire from 1989 to 1993.

Gregg was born on February 14, 1947 in Nashua, New Hampshire. He studied at Columbia University and at Boston University School of Law. He is married to Kathleen MacLellan Gregg. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
James Tate (writer)

**James Vincent Tate** (December 8, 1943 – July 8, 2015) was an American poet whose work earned him the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. He was a professor of English at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Saud bin Faisal

**Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud** (), also known as **Saud Al Faisal** (&lrm;; 2 January 1940 – 9 July 2015), was a Saudi diplomat and statesman. He served as Saudi Arabia's foreign minister from 1975 to 2015.

By the time of his retirement, he was the world's longest-serving foreign minister. He was a member of  the Saudi royal family.

Saud died on 9 July 2015 from complications from Parkinson's disease after going through surgery in Los Angeles, California at the age of 75.

## References
## Other websites
*
The Highwaymen (country supergroup)

**The Highwaymen** were a Country music supergroup. It included four of the biggest stars at the time. All were well known for their pioneering influence on the outlaw country genre. These included Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, and Kris Kristofferson. The group was active between 1985 and 1995. All four had worked together before in various combinations. Their first single, "Highwayman," went to number one on the country charts. The album of the same name on Columbia Records also hit number one on the country album charts.

Between the years of 1997 and 1999, Nelson, Kristofferson, Cash, and Jennings also provided the voice and dramatization for the "Louis L'Amour Collection". This was a four CD box set of seven Louis L'Amour stories published by the HighBridge Company. But the four were not credited as "The Highwaymen" in this work. Only one other recording artist ever appeared on a Highwaymen recording: Johnny Rodriguez. He provided a Spanish vocal on 'Deportee', a Woody Guthrie song, from "Highwayman".

## Discography 
### Albums 
## References
Yoash Tzidon

**Yoash "Chatto" Tzidon**, , (November 28, 1926 – July 8, 2015) was an Israeli former Air Force commander and politician.

He joined the Movement for Greater Israel, and later the Tzomet party. He was elected to the Knesset in 1988 on the Tzomet list, and was one of the instigators of the law that led to direct elections for the Prime Minister. He lost his seat in the 1992 elections.

## References
Mark Everson

**Mark Whitty Everson** (born September 10, 1954) is an American politician. He served as the 46th Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 2003 until 2007.

On March 5, 2015, Everson announced his intention to seek the Republican Party's nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 Presidential election. He launched his bid with a video and sixteen page open letter in which he laid out six primary issues. He withdrew from the race on November 5, 2015.

## References
Meek Mill

**Robert Rahmeek Williams), known professionally as **Meek Mill''' is an American rapper from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was briefly signed to Atlanta-based record label Grand Hustle, owned by record executive and fellow American rapper T.I.. In February 2011, after leaving Grand Hustle, Mill signed a record deal with fellow American rapper Rick Ross' Miami-based Maybach Music Group (MMG) imprint.

Mill's debut studio album, *Dreams and Nightmares*, was released in 2012, under MMG and Warner Bros. Records. The album, preceded by the single "Young & Gettin' It", debuted at number two on the US *Billboard* 200. He has also appeared on MMG's *Self Made* compilation series, with his debut single "Tupac Back" and second single "Ima Boss", being included on volume one.

In October 2012, Meek Mill announced the launching of his own imprint, Dream Chasers Records, named after his popular mixtape series. He also revealed having already signed several fellow Philadelphia-based rappers in 2012.

## Discography
* *Dreams and Nightmares* (2012)
* *Dreams Worth More Than Money* (2015)
* *Wins & Losses* (2017)
* *Championships* (2018)
* *Expensive Pain* (2021)
## References
Absolute truth

**Absolute truth** is a statement that is true at all s and in all s. It is something that is always true no matter what the s. It is a fact that cannot be changed. For example, there are no round squares. There are also no square circles. This means that if truth is not absolute it is not truth at all. Interestingly enough, Aristotle states that, “The high-minded man must care more for the truth than for what people think.”  According to him, if we consider ourselves to be wise individuals, our concern should be to find the truth not to submit to opinions.

"In two national surveys conducted by Barna Research, one among adults and one among teenagers, people were asked if they believe that there are moral absolutes that are unchanging or that moral truth is relative to the circumstances. By a 3-to-1 margin (64% vs. 22%) adults said truth is always relative to the person and their situation. The perspective was even more lopsided among teenagers, 83% of whom said moral truth depends on the circumstances, and only 6% of whom said moral truth is absolute."

Absolute truths are different to empirical truths. All the findings of science are empirical: based on evidence, and even if they are true in this world they don't need to be so in all the other possible worlds; they might also be wrong or incomplete due to lack of sufficient evidence. On the other hand, absolute truths might be based on logical truths, which are true by definition of their axioms.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Universal (metaphysics)
Richard Burr

**Richard Burr** (born November 30, 1955) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from North Carolina from 2005 to 2023. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2005. Burr was the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. He succeeded Dianne Feinstein as chairman in January 2015.

In July 2016, Burr said that he would not run for re-election in 2022.

Burr was born on November 30, 1955 in Charlottesville, Virginia. He graduated from the Wake Forest University. He is married to Brooke Fauth. They have two children.

On February 13, 2021 Burr voted that former President Donald Trump was guilty of starting the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. He and six other Republican senators also voted that Trump was guilty. This was after the House of Representatives Second impeachment of Donald Trump.

## References
## Other websites
* Richard Burr, U.S. Senator for North Carolina, Home Page
Caspar Bowden

**Caspar Bowden** (died July 2015) was a privacy advocate, formerly chief privacy adviser at Microsoft. Styled as "an independent advocate for information privacy rights, and public understanding of privacy research in computer science", he was on the Tor anonymous service network board of directors.

## References
Deb Fischer

**Deb Fischer** (born March 1, 1951 in Lincoln, Nebraska) is the United States Senator from Nebraska. She is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 2013. Fischer is the senior senator from Nebraska. She was in the Nebraska Legislature from 2005 to 2013.

Fischer graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln with a Bachelor of Science degree. She is married to Bruce Fischer. They have three children.

## References
## Other websites
* Deb Fischer, U.S. Senator for Nebraska, Home Page
Steve Koven

**Steve Koven** is a Canadian Jazz pianist and member of the Steve Koven Trio. Steve Koven is a composer, performer and educator. In 1993 Steve started the Steve Koven Trio. He performs worldwide with his trio. Koven also performs solo piano concerts throughout North America, Europe and the Caribbean. After nine albums with his trio, Koven has gone solo. He teaches Contemporary Improvisation and Jazz Piano. Koven also teaches Music at Toronto's Centennial College. Koven has presented master classes and clinics in China, Japan, Colombia, Barbados, Bahamas and Mexico.

Steve lives in Toronto with his wife Lee-Anne.

## References
Death hoax

A **death hoax** is a false report of someone's death.

In some cases, it might be because the person has faked their own death on purpose. In some cases they are mistakes while in most cases, they are . Hoaxes are designed to play on other people's emotions. Sometimes, a death hoax is designed to be a practical joke; however, most are to give the person starting the rumor a sense of  over their victims. While some people will believe anything, most people resent being tricked. In his case, the newspapers were just careless. This is when he uttered his famous quote, "The report of my death was an exaggeration." 
 
## References
Ghulam Sughra

**Ghulam Sughra** is a human rights activist in Pakistan. She is the head of the "Marvi Rural Development Organization" (MRDO). In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

## Life 
Sughra was born in Sindh Province in Pakistan.  She was married at the age of 12. Six years later, she was the first woman in her village to divorce.  When she tried to go to school, her brothers beat her. So she studied at home. Sughra became the first girl in her village to finish secondary school. Later she was the first teacher in the first school for girls.

## Work 
Ghulam Sughra started the Marvi Rural Development Organization (MRDO) in her village.  The MRDO works for education, health, and human rights.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
First Peoples (TV program)

***First Peoples*** is a 2015 television documentary about the first people on the continents of the Earth.  The five-part PBS series covers each continent or group of continents one at a time. The focus is on very recent work in paleogenomics (the study of genomes from very long ago).  It was produced by Wall to Wall Television. The series challenges the East African origin theory of modern man showing there were other origins in other parts of Africa.

A two-disk DVD of the documentary was made in 2015. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* home page 
* PBS First Peoples trailer, YouTube

### Reviews 
* arstechnia/Condé Nast
* Forbes
Oestradiol

**Oestradiol**, E2, is an oestrogen, a steroidal hormone secreted by the ovaries. It is a main female hormone. Oestradiol regulates  female characteristics, the maturation of female sex organs and the  oestrus and menstrual cycle. It stimulates the production of mammary glands.

The serum concentrations of oestradiol and other female hormones change during the menstrual cycle. During gestation there is a high serum concentrations of oestradiol, E3. During menopause, oestrone has the higher concentration.

Oestradiol and oestrone can interchange. Oestradiol has a big effect on bone formation. Women past menopause have an accelerated loss of bone because they have less oestrogen.

Oestradiol also has some functions in males. Its serum concentration in men is < 35 pg/mL, level equivalent to that seen in post-menopausal women.

## References
Bridgewater, Nova Scotia

**Bridgewater** is a town in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The LaHave River runs through the town. Bridgewater is the largest town in the South Shore region.  A lot of the South Shore's economy is based on tourism. Bridgewater is also a commercial and industrial center. One of the main employers is a Michelin tire plant. The town was named after the bridge built over the LaHave River.

The first house in Bridgewater was built in 1812 by Ralph Hotchkiss. The town was incorporated in 1899. This was shortly after a fire in Bridgewater which burned the entire downtown area. For much of the 20th century, the town's economy depended on forestry. There was a large wood mill in the center of town. The Nova Scotia Central Railway and later the Halifax and Southwestern Railway had a central hub at Bridgewater.  The "Acadia Marine Engine Company" was based in Bridgewater. It made engines for fishing boats.

## References 
## Other websites
Christian Audigier

**Christian Audigier** (; May 21, 1958 – July 9, 2015) was a French fashion designer and entrepreneur. He worked for Ed Hardy and Von Dutch. Audigier was born in Avignon, France.

Audigier died in Los Angeles, California from myelodysplastic syndrome, aged 57.

## References
## Other websites
*
Roger Rees

**Roger Rees** (5 May 1944 – 11 July 2015) was a Welsh-American actor. He was known for his stage work. He won an Olivier Award and a Tony Award for his performance as the lead in *The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby*. 

He also received Obie Awards for his role in *The End of the Day* and as co-director of *Peter and the Starcatcher*.

He was widely known to American television audiences for playing the characters Robin Colcord in *Cheers* and Lord John Marbury in *The West Wing*.

Rees was born in Aberystwyth, Wales. Rees became a naturalised United States citizen in 1989. He converted to Judaism in the 1980s. Rees was married to his husband, writer/producer Rick Elice, from 2011 until Rees' death.

Rees died of brain cancer at his home in New York City, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Article on appointment to Williamstown Theater Festival
*Roger Rees  – *Downstage Center* interview at American Theatre Wing.org
Erik von Detten

**Erik Thomas von Detten** (born October 3, 1982) is an American actor and voice actor.

He is known for his roles as Danny in the television movie, *Escape to Witch Mountain*, the voice of the toy-destroyer Sid Phillips in *Toy Story*, Andy Brinker in the Disney Channel original movie *Brink!*, Josh Bryant in *The Princess Diaries*, Chris Savage in the television series, *Complete Savages*, and Clu Bell in the television series, *So Weird*.

## Filmography
### Movies
**All I Want for Christmas* - Choir (1991)
**Top Dog* - Matthew Swanson (1995)
**Toy Story* - Sid Phillips (1995) (voice)
**Amanda* - Kelsey Farnsworth (1996)
**Hercules (1997 movie)* - Boy #1 (1997) (voice)
**Leave It to Beaver* - Wallace 'Wally' Cleaver (1997)
**Mulan* - China Boy (1998) (voice)
**Brink!* - Andy Brinker (1998)
**Tarzan* - Flynt (1999) (voice)
**The Princess Diaries* - Josh Bryant (2001)
*''Recess: School's Out* - Erwin Lawson/Captain Brad (2001) (voice)
**Recess Christmas: Miracle on Third Street* - Erwin Lawson (2001) (voice)
**Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius* (2001) (uncredited)
**American Girl* - Kenton (2002)
**National Lampoon's Barely Legal* - Deacon (2003)
**Recess: All Growed Down* - Erwin Lawson (2003)
**Smile* - Chris (2005)
**Curious George* - Boat Worker #1 (2006) (uncredited)
**Over the Hedge* - Sid Phillips (2006)
**Toy Story 3* - Sid Phillips (2010) (voice, cameo)

### Television
**Days of Our Lives* - Nicholas Alamain (1992-1993)
**Night Sins* - Nicholas Alamain (1993) (TV movie)
**In the Best of Families: Marriage, Pride & Madness* - Older John (1994) (TV movie)
**Aaahh!!! Real Monsters* - Vic (voice) (1994) 
**A Season of Hope* - Tyler Hackett (1995) (TV movie)
**Kidnapped: In the Line of Duty* - Sam Honeycutt (1995) (TV movie)
**Escape to Witch Mountain* - Danny (1995) (TV movie)
**ER* - Ben Larkin (1995)
**A Stranger to Love* - Justin (1996) (TV movie)
**Life with Louie* (1996) (voice)
**Mr. Rhodes* - Milo (1996)
**7th Heaven* - Randy (1996)
**Christmas Every Day* - Billy Jackson (1996) (TV movie)
**Toy Story Treats* - Sid (voice) (1997)
**Things That Go Bump* - Christian (1997) (TV movie)
**Meego* - Trip Parker (1997)
**Recess* - Erwin Lawson (voice) (1997-2001)
**You Wish* - Jeff Collins (1998)
**Brink!'' - Andy 'Brink' Brinker (1998) (TV movie)
**The Wild Thornberrys* - Adolescent Jaguar (voice) (1998)
**Replacing Dad* - Drew (1999) (TV movie)
**Odd Man Out* - Andrew Whitney (1999-2000)
**So Weird* - Clu Bell (1999-2001)
**As Told by Ginger* - Kid #2 (voice) (2000)
**Raising Dad* - Brad Singer (2001)
**The Legend of Tarzan* - Flynt (voice) (2001)
**Do Over* - Gary Ross (2002)
**Dinotopia* - Karl Scott (2002-2003)
**Law & Order: Special Victims Unit* - Drew Lamerly (2003)
**Charmed* - Newspaper Reporter (2003) (uncredited)
**8 Simple Rules* - Erik (2004)
**Complete Savages* - Chris Savage (2004-2005)
**Malcolm in the Middle* - Brad (2005)
**Brandy & Mr. Whiskers* (2006) (voice)
**Girl, Positive* - Jason (2007) (TV movie)
**Avatar: The Last Airbender* - Chan (voice) (2007)
**Bones* - Ed Dekker (2008)
**Family Guy* (2009) (voice)

## Other websites
*
Nasta Palazhanka

**Nasta Palazhanka** (Russian: Наста Палажанка) is an activist in Belarus. In 2011, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U. S. State Department.

## Life 
Palazhanka became part of the youth movement in Belarus at the age of 14.   In  2011 she became the Deputy Chairperson of the Malady Front (Young Front), an NGO in Belarus. They got married in December 2012, when Palazhanka visited him in Hrodno prison.

In July 2022, Nasta and Zmitser Dashkevich were sentenced for participating in the 2020 protests.

## Other websites 
* 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

## References
Shukria Asil

**Shukria Asil** is an Afghan women's rights activist. In 2010 she received the International Women of Courage Award  

## Work 
In 2009, Asil saved the jobs of three women teachers in Baghlan.  They lost their jobs when the Ministry of Education wrote bad information about them. 

In 2010 Asil was one of four women in the Baghlan Provincial Council.  In 2012 she was the head of the Baghlan Provincial Culture and Information Department. 

Asil also helped a girl who was gang-raped.  The girl's family would not accept her.  Asil helped the family get together, although the governor of the province said it was not a good idea. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Daniel Quinn (actor)

**Daniel Quinn** (August 19, 1956 – July 4, 2015) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles on *The Young and the Restless*, police series *Hunter*, and independent drama *twentysixmiles*.

## References
Alan Walton

**Alan Walton** (April 3, 1936 &ndash; July 4, 2015) was a British biochemist. He was Chairman of Oxford Bioscience Corporation. He served on numerous Boards of Directors. Walton was an important figure in the development and funding of the Human Genome Project.

## References
Jim Bede

**James R. "Jim" Bede** (17 April 1933 &ndash; 9 July 2015) was an American aircraft designer. He designed well over a dozen aircraft since the 1960s, but a string of business failures have kept most of these designs out of widespread use.

Bede died of an aneurysm in Cleveland, Ohio, aged 82.

## References
Giacomo Biffi

**Giacomo Biffi** (13 June 1928 – 11 July 2015) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop Emeritus of Bologna, having served as archbishop there from 1984 to 2003. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1985.

## References
Johnny Kemp

**Jonathan** "**Johnny**" **Kemp** (2 August 1959 &ndash; 16 April 2015) was a Bahamian singer-songwriter and record producer. He began singing at nightclubs in the Bahamas at 13. In 1979, he moved to New York City, New York in the United States and later signed with Columbia Records. His best known song is "Just Got Paid", which he got a Grammy Award nomination.

Kemp was born in Nassau. He was married and had two sons.

Kemp was found dead on 16 April 2015 on a beach in Montego Bay, St. James, Jamaica. He was 55 and is believed to have fallen, hit his head on some rocks and drowned.

## References