April 14

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 69 &ndash; Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Roman Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum and seizes the throne.
* 70 &ndash; Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of Emperor Vespasian, surrounds the Jewish capital, with four Roman legions.
* 193 &ndash; Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (Balkan peninsula).
* 966 &ndash; Mieszko I of Poland converts to Christianity.
* 1028 &ndash; Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor is elected King of Germany.
* 1205 &ndash; Battle of Adrianople between Bulgarians and Crusaders.
* 1434 &ndash; The foundation stone is laid for St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in Nantes, France.
* 1471 &ndash; Yorkists under Edward IV defeat Lancastrians under Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick at the Battle of Barnet. The Earl of Warwick is killed and Edward IV becomes King.
* 1775 &ndash; The first abolition society in North America is founded.
* 1828 &ndash; Noah Webster copyrights the first edition of his dictionary.
* 1849 &ndash; Hungary declares independence, with Lajos Kossuth as regent.
* 1860 &ndash; The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.
* 1862 &ndash; Australian bushranger Ben Hall takes part in his first robbery.
* 1865 &ndash; US President Abraham Lincoln is shot at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln dies the next day, of his injuries.
* 1865 &ndash; United States Secretary of State William H. Seward is attacked in his home by Lewis Powell.
* 1890 &ndash; The Pan-American Union is founded by the first International Conference of American States in Washington, DC.
* 1894 &ndash; The first–ever commercial movie house opens in New York City.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1903 &ndash; Turkey is hit by an earthquake, killing 1,700 people.
* 1909 &ndash; A massacre is organized by Ottoman Empire against Armenian population of Cilicia
* 1912 &ndash; The RMS Titanic hits an iceberg, and sinks on April 15th in the early morning.
* 1927 &ndash; The first Volvo makes its debut in Gothenburg in Sweden.
* 1928 &ndash; The Bremen, a German Junkers W33 type aircraft, reaches Greenly Island, East of Canada, the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.
* 1931 &ndash; The first edition of the Highway Code is published in the United Kingdom.
* 1931 &ndash; Spanish Cortes depose King Alfonso XIII, and proclaim the 2nd Republic.
* 1935 &ndash; In the Dust Bowl, the Black Sunday storm strikes parts of the Central United States. Worst affected is Oklahoma, where settlers are forced to leave, as crops are destroyed.
* 1939 &ndash; The Grapes of Wrath, a novel by John Steinbeck, is published for the first time.
* 1942 &ndash; Malta receives the George Cross for bravery during World War II.
* 1944 &ndash; Carrying explosives, British freight ship *Port Stikine* explodes in Bombay harbour, killing over 1,000 people and injuring around 3,000.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: Osijek, Croatia, is liberated from Fascist rule.
* 1956 &ndash; Videotape is first demonstrated in Chicago.
* 1958 &ndash; The Soviet satellite Sputnik 2 falls from orbit around the Earth, after 162 days. This was the first spacecraft to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika, who likely lived only a few hours.
* 1967 &ndash; Gnassingbe Eyadema installs himself as President of Togo, a post he holds until his death in February 2005.
* 1969 &ndash; At the Academy Awards, there is a tie between Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand for Best Actress.
* 1975 &ndash; In a referendum, voters in Sikkim vote in favour of Union with India.
* 1978 &ndash; Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against Soviet attempts to  change the constitutional status of the Georgian language.
* 1980 &ndash; The movie version of the Günter Grass novel *The Tin Drum* wins the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. 
* 1981 &ndash; STS-1 mission, on Space Shuttle *Columbia*, is completed.
* 1985 &ndash; Bernhard Langer becomes the first German golfer to win the US Masters at Augusta, Georgia, United States.
* 1986 &ndash; 1 kilogram hailstones fall in the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh, killing 92 people. They are the heaviest hailstones ever recorded.
* 1999 &ndash; Sydney, Australia is hit by a severe hailstorm.

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez returns to office, three days after being ousted and arrested by the military in a US–backed coup.
* 2003 &ndash; The Human Genome Project is completed, with 99% of the human genome sequenced to an accuracy of 99.99%.
* 2003 &ndash; US troops in Baghdad capture Abu Abbas, leader of a Palestinian group that killed a US citizen on the *MS Achille Lauro* in 1985.
* 2008 &ndash; Silvio Berlusconi is elected to replace Romano Prodi as Prime Minister of Italy.
* 2010 &ndash; A magnitude 6.9 earthquake strikes Yushu district in China's Qinghai province, killing almost 2,700 people.
* 2010 &ndash; The eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland begins to shut down air travel in Europe.
* 2014 &ndash; Bomb blasts in Abuja, Nigeria, kill dozens of people.
* 2014 &ndash; Boko Haram militants abduct 276 schoolgirls from Chibok in northeastern Nigeria. International campaigns are soon launched to find them, including #BringBackOurGirls.
* 2015 &ndash; Around 400 people are feared to have drowned in the Mediterranean Sea off Libya.
* 2016 &ndash; The first quake (magnitude 6.5) of Kumamoto earthquakes happens (quakes happen to April 16 when that of magnitude 7.0 is observed).
* 2018 &ndash; The United States, United Kingdom and France carry out air strikes in Syria in response to a suspected chemical attack.
* 2019 &ndash; Tiger Woods wins The Masters Tournament in Augusta, Georgia, United States, winning a major golf competition for the first time in almost 11 years.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1126 &ndash; Averroes, Arab Spanish polymath (d. 1198)
* 1336 &ndash; Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan (d. 1374)
* 1527 &ndash; Abraham Ortelius, Flemish mapmaker (d. 1598).
* 1572 &ndash; Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician (d. 1632)
* 1578 &ndash; King Philip III of Spain (d. 1621)
* 1629 &ndash; Christiaan Huygens, Dutch astronomer, mathematician and physicist (d. 1695)
* 1668 &ndash; Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general and politician (d. 1741)
* 1678 &ndash; Abraham Darby, English engineer (d. 1717)
* 1738 &ndash; William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1809)
* 1741 &ndash; Emperor Momozono of Japan (d. 1762)
* 1765 &ndash; Landgravine Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen of Bavaria (d. 1796)
* 1773 &ndash; Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French statesman (d. 1854)
* 1788 &ndash; David G. Burnet, President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1870)
* 1814 &ndash; Dimitri Kipiani, Georgian politician and writer (d. 1887)
* 1818 &ndash; Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, Queen of Hanover (d. 1907)
* 1852 &ndash; Meijer de Haan, Dutch painter (d. 1895)
* 1857 &ndash; Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (d. 1944)
* 1862 &ndash; Pyotr Stolypin, Russian statesman (d. 1911)
* 1866 &ndash; Anne Sullivan, American teacher of Helen Keller (d. 1936)
* 1868 &ndash; Peter Behrens, German architect (d. 1940)
* 1870 &ndash; Syd Gregory, Australian cricketer (d. 1929)
* 1870 &ndash; Victor Boris-Musatov, Russian painter (d. 1905)
* 1872 &ndash; Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Indian–Islamic scholar and translator (d. 1953)
* 1879 &ndash; James Branch Cabell, American writer (d. 1958)
* 1881 &ndash; Husain Salaahudin, Maldivian poet and scholar (d. 1948)
* 1882 &ndash; Moritz Schlick, German philosopher (d. 1936)
* 1889 &ndash; Arnold Joseph Toynbee, English historian (d. 1975)
* 1889 &ndash; Efim Bogolyubov, Ukrainian chess player (d. 1952)
* 1891 &ndash; B. R. Ambedkar, Indian social activist (d. 1956)
* 1892 &ndash; Juan Belmonte, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1963)
* 1892 &ndash; Claire Windsor, American actress (d. 1972)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Sylvio Mantha, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and referee (d. 1974)
* 1903 &ndash; Henry Corbin, French philosopher and educator (d. 1978)
* 1904 &ndash; John Gielgud, British actor (d. 2000)
* 1905 &ndash; Jean Pierre-Bloch, French activist, politician and writer (d. 1999)
* 1905 &ndash; Elizabeth Huckaby, American educator (d. 1999)
* 1907 &ndash; François Duvalier (Papa Doc), President of Haiti (d. 1971)
* 1912 &ndash; Robert Doisneau, French photographer (d. 1994)
* 1918 &ndash; Mary Healy, American actress and singer (d. 2015)
* 1919 &ndash; Shamshan Begum, Indian singer (d. 2013)
* 1920 &ndash; Ivor Guest, English ballet historian and lawyer
* 1920 &ndash; Schubert Gambetta, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1991)
* 1921 &ndash; Thomas Schelling, American economist (d. 2016)
* 1922 &ndash; Audrey Long, American actress (d. 2014)
* 1923 &ndash; Roberto De Vicenzo, Argentine golfer (d. 2017)
* 1924 &ndash; Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock, British philosopher (d. 2019)
* 1925 &ndash; Abel Muzorewa, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (d. 2010)
* 1925 &ndash; Gene Ammons, American saxophonist (d. 1974)
* 1925 &ndash; Rod Steiger, American actor (d. 2002)
* 1926 &ndash; Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 2008)
* 1926 &ndash; Gloria Jean, American actress
* 1927 &ndash; Alan MacDiarmid, New Zealand chemist (d. 2007)
* 1929 &ndash; Chadli Bendjedid, former President of Algeria (d. 2012)
* 1929 &ndash; Gerry Anderson, British writer, director and producer (d. 2012)
* 1931 &ndash; Dimitar Dobrev, Bulgarian wrestler (d. 2019)
* 1932 &ndash; Atef Ebeid, former Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2014)
* 1932 &ndash; Loretta Lynn, American country musician and singer
* 1933 &ndash; Boris Strugatsky, Russian writer (d. 2012)
* 1933 &ndash; Paddy Hopkirk, Northern Irish racing driver
* 1934 &ndash; Fredric Jameson, American philosopher and theorist
* 1935 &ndash; Susan Cunliffe-Lister, British paralympian and disabled rights campaigner
* 1935 &ndash; Erich von Daniken, Swiss writer
* 1936 &ndash; Ivan Dias, Indian cardinal (d. 2017)
* 1936 &ndash; Bobby Nichols, American golfer
* 1936 &ndash; Arlene Martel, American actress (d. 2014)
* 1936 &ndash; Kenneth Mars, American actor (d. 2011)
* 1937 &ndash; Sepp Mayerl, Austrian mountaineer (d. 2012)
* 1940 &ndash; Julie Christie, British actress
* 1941 &ndash; Pete Rose, American baseball player and manager
* 1942 &ndash; Valentin Lebedev, Soviet–Russian cosmonaut
* 1942 &ndash; Valeriy Brumel, Soviet–Russian Olympic athlete (d. 2003)
* 1943 &ndash; Nikolay Petrov, Russian pianist (d. 2011)
* 1944 &ndash; John Sergeant, English journalist
* 1945 &ndash; Ritchie Blackmore, English guitarist (Deep Purple)
* 1945 &ndash; Uwe Beyer, German hammer thrower
* 1945 &ndash; Roger Frappier, Canadian actor, director, producer and screenwriter
* 1945 &ndash; Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Samoan Prime Minister
* 1947 &ndash; Dominique Baudis, French journalist and politician (d. 2014)
* 1948 &ndash; Berry Berenson, American photographer, actress and model (d. 2001)
* 1949 &ndash; Chris Langham, British actor
* 1949 &ndash; John Shea, American actor
* 1949 &ndash; Eric Cunningham, Canadian politician (d. 2015)
* 1950 &ndash; Francis Collins, American physician and geneticist

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Julian Lloyd Webber, British cellist
* 1954 &ndash; Katsuhiro Otomo, Japanese artist, screenwriter and director
* 1954 &ndash; Bruce Sterling, American science fiction writer
* 1955 &ndash; Aleksey Lebed, Russian military officer and politician (d. 2019)
* 1956 &ndash; Barbara Bonney, American soprano
* 1957 &ndash; Richard Jeni, American comedian and actor (d. 2007)
* 1957 &ndash; Mikhail Pletnev, Russian pianist, composer and conductor
* 1958 &ndash; Peter Capaldi, Scottish actor and director
* 1959 &ndash; Steve Byrnes, American sports announcer (d. 2015)
* 1960 &ndash; Brad Garrett, American actor
* 1961 &ndash; Robert Carlyle, Scottish actor
* 1962 &ndash; Paulo Leão, Brazilian actor, guitarist and filmmaker
* 1964 &ndash; Gina McKee, English actress
* 1966 &ndash; Lloyd Owen, English actor
* 1967 &ndash; Nicola Berti, Italian footballer
* 1967 &ndash; Francis Tsai, American comic book, movie and video game concept artist (d. 2015)
* 1967 &ndash; Steve Chiasson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1999)
* 1967 &ndash; Julie Zemio, French–Australian actress and singer
* 1968 &ndash; Anthony Michael Hall, American actor
* 1971 &ndash; Miguel Calero, Colombian footballer (d. 2012)
* 1972 &ndash; Dean Potter, American rock climber and BASE jumper (d. 2015)
* 1973 &ndash; David Miller, American tenor (Il Divo)
* 1973 &ndash; Roberto Ayala, Argentine footballer
* 1973 &ndash; Adrien Brody, American actor
* 1975 &ndash; Anderson Silva, Brazilian mixed martial artist
* 1975 &ndash; Amy Birnbaum, American voice actress

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Georgina Chapman, English model, actress and fashion designer
* 1976 &ndash; Francoise Mbango Etone, Cameroonian athlete
* 1976 &ndash; Kyle Farnsworth, American baseball player
* 1977 &ndash; Cristiano Zanetti, Italian footballer
* 1977 &ndash; Sarah Michelle Gellar, American actress
* 1980 &ndash; Win Butler, American–Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1980 &ndash; Steven Holcomb, American bobsledder (d. 2017)
* 1981 &ndash; Amy Leach, English director
* 1982 &ndash; Ugur Boral, Turkish footballer
* 1983 &ndash; James McFadden, Scottish footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Nikoloz Tskitishvili, Georgian basketball player
* 1984 &ndash; Harumafuji Kohei, Mongolian sumo wrestler
* 1986 &ndash; Matt Derbyshire, English footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Anne Watanabe, Japanese model
* 1987 &ndash; Erwin Hoffer, Austrian footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Wilson Kiprop, Kenyan long–distance runner
* 1989 &ndash; Aleksei Alekseyev, Russian footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Dafina Zeqiri, Albanian–Kosovan–Swedish singer and dancer
* 1993 &ndash; Vivien Cardone, American actress
* 1993 &ndash; Graham Phillips, American actor and singer
* 1994 &ndash; Skyler Samuels, American actress
* 1996 &ndash; Abigail Breslin, American actress
* 1999 &ndash; Anita Simoncini, Sammarinese singer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 1132 &ndash; Mstislav I of Kiev (b. 1076)
* 1471 &ndash; Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, English kingmaker (b. 1428)
* 1574 &ndash; Louis of Nassau (b. 1538)
* 1578 &ndash; James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots
* 1721 &ndash; Michel Chamillart, French statesman (b. 1652)
* 1758 &ndash; Clara, famous rhinoceros
* 1759 &ndash; George Frideric Handel, German composer (b. 1685)
* 1785 &ndash; William Whitehead, English writer (b. 1715)
* 1792 &ndash; Maximilian Hell, Hungarian astronomer (b. 1720)
* 1816 &ndash; Bussa, African–born Barbadian slave and national hero of Barbados
* 1843 &ndash; Joseph Lanner, Austrian violinist and composer (b. 1801)
* 1895 &ndash; James Dwight Dana, American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist (b. 1813)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1910 &ndash; Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter (b. 1856)
* 1912 &ndash; Henri Brisson, French statesman (b. 1835)
* 1914 &ndash; Hubert Bland, co–founder of Fabian Society (b. 1855)
* 1917 &ndash; L. L. Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto (b. 1859)
* 1925 &ndash; John Singer Sargent, English artist (b. 1856)
* 1930 &ndash; Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian writer (b. 1893)
* 1935 &ndash; Amalie Emmy Noether, German mathematician (b. 1882)
* 1943 &ndash; Yakov Dzhugashvili, son of Joseph Stalin (b. 1907)
* 1950 &ndash; Ramana Maharshi, Indian guru (b. 1879)
* 1951 &ndash; Al Christie, Canadian–American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1881)
* 1962 &ndash; Visvesvaraya, Indian engineer, scholar and statesman (b. 1860)
* 1964 &ndash; Tatyana Afanasyeva, Russian–Dutch mathematician (b. 1876)
* 1964 &ndash; Rachel Carson, American writer (b. 1907)
* 1965 &ndash; Richard Hickock, American murderer (b. 1931)
* 1965 &ndash; Perry Edward Smith, American murderer (b. 1928)
* 1968 &ndash; Al Benton, Major League Baseball player (b. 1911)
* 1975 &ndash; Fredric March, actor (b. 1897)
* 1983 &ndash; Pete Farndon, English musician (b. 1952)
* 1986 &ndash; Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (b. 1908)
* 1989 &ndash; Pete Farndon, British musician (The Pretenders)
* 1995 &ndash; Burl Ives, American folk singer and actor (b. 1909)
* 1999 &ndash; Anthony Newley, actor, singer (b. 1931)
* 1999 &ndash; Ellen Corby, American actress (b. 1911)
* 1999 &ndash; Bill Wendell, American broadcaster (b. 1931)
* 2000 &ndash; Phil Katz, American computer programmer (b. 1962)
* 2000 &ndash; Wilf Mannion, English footballer (b. 1918)

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Hiroshi Teshigahara, Japanese director (b. 1927)
* 2001 &ndash; Jim Baxter, Scottish footballer (b. 1939)
* 2007 &ndash; Ladislav Adamec, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1926)
* 2009 &ndash; Maurice Druon, French writer, dramatist and politician (b. 1918)
* 2010 &ndash; Israr Ahmed, Pakistani theologian and scholar (b. 1932)
* 2010 &ndash; Peter Steele, American musician (b. 1962)
* 2011 &ndash; Walter Breuning, American supercentenarian (b. 1896)
* 2011 &ndash; William Lipscomb, American chemist (b. 1919)
* 2012 &ndash; Emile Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919)
* 2012 &ndash; Piermario Morosini, Italian footballer (b. 1986)
* 2012 &ndash; Jonathan Frid, Canadian actor (b. 1924)
* 2013 &ndash; Colin Davis, British conductor (b. 1927)
* 2013 &ndash; Armando Villanueva, Prime Minister of Peru (b. 1915)
* 2014 &ndash; Brian Harradine, Australian politician (b. 1935)
* 2014 &ndash; Armando Peraza, Cuban–American Latin jazz percussionist (b. 1924)
* 2014 &ndash; Mick Staton, American politician (b. 1940)
* 2014 &ndash; Albert Manent, Spanish writer (b. 1930)
* 2014 &ndash; Manuel Ortega, Spanish painter (b. 1921)
* 2015 &ndash; Ameril Umbra Kato, Filipino warlord (b. 1946)
* 2015 &ndash; Percy Sledge, American singer (b. 1941)
* 2015 &ndash; Norman H. Bangerter, American politician, 13th Governor of Utah (b. 1933)
* 2015 &ndash; Homaro Cantu, American chef (b. 1976)
* 2015 &ndash; Klaus Bednarz, German journalist and writer (b. 1942)
* 2015 &ndash; Meir Rosenne, Israeli lawyer and diplomat (b. 1931)
* 2015 &ndash; Roberto Tucci, Italian cardinal (b. 1921)
* 2016 &ndash; Nguyen Anh 9, Vietnamese songwriter and pianist (b. 1940)
* 2016 &ndash; Ahmed Brahim, Tunisian politician (b. 1946)
* 2016 &ndash; Malick Sidibé, Malian photographer (b. 1935)
* 2016 &ndash; Liang Sili, Chinese missile control scientist and academic (b. 1924)
* 2016 &ndash; David J. C. MacKay, British authwriteror, physicist and professor (b. 1967)
* 2017 &ndash; Henry Hillman, American venture capitalist and philanthropist (b. 1918)
* 2017 &ndash; Robert Taylor, American computer scientist and internet pioneer (b. 1932)
* 2018 &ndash; Isabella Biagini, Italian actress (b. 1943)
* 2018 &ndash; Hal Greer, American basketball player (b. 1936)
* 2018 &ndash; Jean-Claude Malgoire, French conductor (b. 1940)
* 2018 &ndash; Jon Michelet, Norwegian writer (b. 1944)
* 2018 &ndash; Gerald Nachman, American critic and writer (b. 1938)
* 2018 &ndash; Robert Holmes, American football player (b. 1945)
* 2019 &ndash; Bibi Andersson, Swedish actress (b. 1935)
* 2019 &ndash; Giuseppe Ciarrapico, Italian politician (b. 1934)
* 2019 &ndash; Colin Collindridge, English footballer (b. 1929)
* 2019 &ndash; Abdallah Lamrani, Moroccan footballer (b. 1946)
* 2019 &ndash; Gene Wolfe, American writer (b. 1931)

## Observances 
* New Year Festivals in many South and Southeast Asian cultures
* Georgian language Day
* Youth Day (Angola)
* Ambedkar Jayanti (India), celebrating the birthday of social activist B. R. Ambedkar
* Pan–American Day
* Black Day (South Korea)
* Dhivehi language Day (Maldives)