open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Stuck in the Middle (TV series)

***Stuck in the Middle*** is a Disney Channel Original Series. It was created by Alison Brown and executive producer Linda Videtti Figueiredo. The series stars Jenna Ortega as Harley Diaz. The series aired on February 14, 2016.

## Plot 
The series is about a family of 9, seen through the point of view of Harley Diaz, a 12-year-old inventor who just so happens to be the middle kid in a large family,

## Cast 
* Jenna Ortega as Harley Diaz
* Ronni Hawk as Rachel Diaz
* Kayla Maisonet as Georgie Diaz
* Isaak Presley as Ethan Diaz
* Nicolas Bechtel as Lewie Diaz
* Malachi Barton as Beast Diaz
* Ariana Greenblatt as Daphne Diaz
* Cerina Vincent as Suzy Diaz
* Joe Nieves as Tom Diaz

## Release 
The Disney Channel series *Stuck in the Middle* started airing on February 14, 2016. The series premiered on March 11, 2016. Production began on November 30, 2015.

## Episodes 
* Ariana Greenblatt, Kayla Maisonet, Nicolas Bechtel, Malachi Barton, Cerina Vincent, and Joe Nieves are absent for three episodes each.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Budō

**Budō** is a Japanese term describing modern Japanese martial arts. Budō, which means "the martial ways", has its origins in bushidō, "the way of the warrior". The budō arts include aikido, judo, jūkendō, Kendo, Kyūdō, naginata, shorinji kempo and sumo. In battle, budō teaches defense with the ideas of nonviolence and spiritual enlightenment. Originally designed for warfare, budō became a way of self-defense. From his book *Meditations on Violence*, Rory Miller wrote:
"It is better to avoid than to run; better to run than to de-escalate; better to de-escalate than to fight; better to fight than to die. Budō is based on the principles of Zen. The term budō is often used in another sense to refer to specific martial arts such as Akai Budo, Judo and Kendo.

## References
The Song of Roland

***The Song of Roland*** () is an epic poem based on the Battle of Roncevaux in 778 during the reign of Charlemagne. It is the oldest surviving major piece of French literature. It exists in different manuscript versions which shows its great popularity from the 12th to 14th centuries.

The poem was composed circa 1040–1115 AD. An early version began around 1040. Additions and changes were made up until about 1115. The final text has about 4,000 lines of poetry. These lines are further divided into 298 poetic units called laisses. The poem was written to be performed, possibly to music. The author of the poem is unknown.

## Historical event 
The poem is about an actual historical event that happened centuries earlier. In 778 Charlemagne invaded Spain. On his way through the Pyrenees he looted and plundered Basque lands. He found little resistance in Spain until he reached the city of Zaragoza. Charlemagne demanded that Zaragoza surrender. The rearguard's job was to protect the main army, so it fought to the last man. The Basques plundered the baggage trains and captured the gold Charlemagne was paid at Zaragoza. Before the Frankish army could turn to fight the Basques, the Basques had fled. Roland and his men died as heroes.

## Main characters in the poem
*Baligant
*Blancandrin
*Bramimonde
*Charlemagne
*Ganelon
*King Marsile
*Naimon
*Oliver
*Roland
*Turpin

## References
## Other websites 
*Song of Roland
Elżbieta Krzesińska

**Elżbieta Maria Krzesińska** née Duńska (November 11, 1934 &ndash; December 29, 2015) was a Polish track and field athlete from Warsaw.

She competed in the long jump. She competed for her native country at the 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia where she won the gold medal in the Women's Long Jump.  She returned to the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome but failed to defend her title, finishing second behind Soviet Vera Krepkina.

Krzesińska died after a long-illness at her home in Warsaw at the age of 81.

## References
Pavel Srníček

**Pavel Srníček** (10 March 1968 &ndash; 29 December 2015) was a Czech professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper from 1990 to 2007, mainly for Newcastle United. 

He represented Sheffield Wednesday,  Portsmouth and West Ham United in England, and also played in Italy for Brescia and Cosenza, in Portugal for Beira-Mar, and in his native country for Banik Ostrava. After retiring, he worked as a goalkeeping coach for his own private school and for Sparta Prague.

Srníček played internationally for the Czech Republic from 1994 to 2001, earning a total of 49 caps. He was part of their squad that came runners-up at UEFA Euro 96, and was their first-choice goalkeeper when they came third at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup and contested UEFA Euro 2000.

On 4 January 2012, Sparta Prague confirmed the appointment of Srníček to their coaching staff.

Srníček suffered a massive heart attack while out jogging on 20 December 2015. He was put into an induced coma at a hospital in his native Ostrava. He died nine days later at the age of 47, when his life support was turned off due to irreversible brain damage.

## References
Progeria

**Progeria** (), also called **Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome** and **HGPS** **progeria syndrome** This can include skin wrinkles and grey hair or baldness. The word *progeria* comes from the Greek words "pro" (πρό), meaning "before" or "premature", and "gēras" (γῆρας), meaning "old age". 

It is very rare, only 1 child in every 8 million live births. People with progeria usually only live to their mid teens to early twenties. It is a genetic condition that occurs as a new mutation. It is rarely inherited, as people with the condition do not usually live long enough to have children. 

Scientists are studying progeria because it might reveal clues about the normal process of aging. Progeria was first described in 1886 by Jonathan Hutchinson. It was also described independently in 1897 by Hastings Gilford. The condition was later named Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome.

## References
Antony Booth

**Anthony George Booth** (9 October 1931 &ndash; 25 September 2017), later known as **Tony** and **Antony**, was a retired English actor. He is best known for his role as Mike Rawlins in the BBC series *Till Death Us Do Part*.

Booth is the father-in-law of former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair. Blair is married to Booth's daughter Cherie Booth.

Booth suffered a stroke in 2010. He was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2004. He died of the disease in London on 25 September 2017 at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Robin Williams (canoeist)

**Robin Williams** is a British slalom canoeist who competed in the 1980s. He won two medals in the C-2 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold in 1981 and a bronze in 1983.

## References
Florida A&M University

**Florida A&M University** or **FAMU**, is a public, historically black university in Tallahassee, Florida. Its official name is **Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University**.  Florida A&M University was built on the highest of seven hills in Tallahassee.  It opened on October 3, 1887.

It is one of the largest historically black universities in the United States, in number of students. It awards bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees.

FAMU's main campus is in Tallahassee. It is close to the State Capitol and the campus of Florida State University. The university also has campuses in Orlando, Miami, Jacksonville, Tampa and Crestview.

## National historic district
 has 132 buildings that spread out over . Part of the campus is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. This is named the **Florida Agricultural and Mechanical College Historic District**.  It was placed on the list on May 9, 1996.

The district is in the center of the campus. In the National Register, it covers . It includes 14 historic buildings and 1 object. One campus building, the old Carnegie Library, is listed separately on the National Register.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*Florida A&M Athletics website
Frank Malzone

**Frank James Malzone** (February 28, 1930 &ndash; December 29, 2015) was an American baseball player. He was a former Major League Baseball third baseman and right-handed slugger who played for the Boston Red Sox (1955–65) and California Angels (1966). He was born in The Bronx, New York.

Malzone died in Needham, Massachusetts of natural causes at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*Baseball Library 
*
Over and Over Again (song)

"**Over and Over Again**" is a song by English recording artist Nathan Sykes. The song was written by Sykes and was released in the United Kingdom on 20 November 2015 as the second single from his debut studio album. The song peaked to number 8 on the UK Singles Chart.

Sykes performed the song live on *The X Factor* on 22 November 2015.

## Charts
## References
Chumar

**Chumar** is a place in the provinces of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The area is claimed by both China and India. According to China's Ministry of Defence "the two countries’ border, to this day, has not been designated". A border war broke out in 1962 that has to date killed thousands of soldiers. The tension between the two countries has come and gone but is now raised again.

## References
Rufous-tailed lark

The **rufous-tailed lark** (*Ammomanes phoenicura*) is a passerine bird. It is native to India and northeast Pakistan.

## References
## Other websites
Terpenoid

]]

**Terpenoids**, or **isoprenoids**, are a large group of organic compounds. They are derivatives of terpenes. Like terpenes, they are made out of one or more isoprene molecules combined into a polymer. Unlike terpenes, terpenoids can have small changes to the structure, like taking away methyl groups or adding other chemical elements like oxygen.

They are lipids, and are found in all classes of living things. They are the largest group of natural products. About 60% of natural products are terpenoids.

Plant terpenoids are often used for their scent. They are used in traditional herbal remedies. Terpenoids help the scent of eucalyptus, the flavors of cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, the yellow color in sunflowers, and the red color in tomatoes. Well-known terpenoids include citral, menthol, camphor, salvinorin A in the plant *Salvia divinorum*, the cannabinoids found in cannabis, ginkgolide and bilobalide found in *Ginkgo biloba*, and the curcuminoids found in turmeric and mustard seeds.

The steroids and sterols in animals are biologically produced from terpenoid precursors.

## References
Natoli

**Natoli** is an Italian surname.

It may refer to:
* Antonino Natoli of Patti (1539-1618), Italian priest
* Giuseppe Natoli (1815-1867), Italian politician
* Prince Giovanni Natoli (died 1633), Italian nobleman
Astrocyte

(green) in the living cerebral cortex]]

**Astrocytes**  are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They are also known collectively as **astroglia**.

The proportion of astrocytes in the brain varies. Studies have found that the astrocyte proportion varies by region from 20% to 40% of all glia. 

Astrocytes do many things. They help the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier, provide nutrients to the nervous tissue, keep extracellular ions in balance. They also help repair the brain and spinal cord after traumatic injuries.

Research since the mid-1990s has shown that astrocytes release Ca2+ ions, and adjust brain functions. Such discoveries have made astrocytes an important area of research in neuroscience.

## References
Joe Houston

**Joe Houston** (July 11, 1926 &ndash; December 28, 2015) was an American tenor saxophonist. He played jazz and rhythm and blues. He was born in Bastrop, Texas. His career began in the 1940s in Kansas City, Missouri.

Houston formed his own band The Rockets, and moved to Los Angeles in 1952.  He scored his only two chart hit singles in 1952 with "Worry, Worry, Worry" and "Hard Time Baby" both of which peaked at #10 on ''Billboard's'' R&B singles chart.

Houston's musical career ended after he suffered a stroke in 2005. He died on December 28, 2015 in Long Beach, California, following a series of strokes, aged 89.

## References
Mangesh Padgaonkar

**Mangesh Keshav Padgaonkar** (Devanagari: मंगेश केशव पाडगांवकर; 10 March 1929 &ndash; 30 December 2015) was an Indian poet from Maharashtra, India. He was born on 10 March 1929 in Vengurla, Sindhudurg District in Maharashtra. 

Padgaonkar has 40 publications to his credit. He began writing at the age of 14. The United States Library of Congress has 31 of his publications in their collection. He has also translated works of Kabir and Surdas in Marathi along with Shakespeare's plays *The Tempest*, *Julius Caesar* and *Romeo and Juliet*. In 2008, his translation of the Bible was released.

Padgaonkar died in Mumbai from a short illness at the age of 86.

## References
Neheb

**Neheb** is listed on the Palermo Stone as a Predynastic ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Lower Egypt. There is no other evidence of such ruler. Neheb may be a mythical king only remembered in unwritten stories, or may even be completely fictitious.

## References
Doug Atkins

**Douglas Leon Atkins** (May 8, 1930 &ndash; December 30, 2015) was a former American football defensive end. He played for the Cleveland Browns, Chicago Bears and New Orleans Saints in the National Football League. He played college football at the University of Tennessee under legendary head coach Robert Neyland. He is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was born in Humboldt, Tennessee. 

Atkins died in Knoxville, Tennessee on December 30, 2015 at the age of 85.

## References
Jerzmanice-Zdrój

**Jerzmanice-Zdrój** is a small village in Lower Silesia, Poland. The first time it appeared in sources was in 1253 as Hermanstorph. The village administrator is Edward Janiec.

Jerzmanice-Zdrój was a health resort from 1881, when a doctor from the nearby town Złotoryja made a small place for sick people called "Hermsdorf Bad". This lasted until World War II. After the war, the health resort did not re-open.

## Origin of name 
The origin of "Jerzmanice" is unknown. One theory is that this part of the name is a Polish crack from German name "Hermsdorf" or "Hermannsdorf". These names are an earlier name of Jerzmanice-Zdrój. The origin of *zdrój* is means "spring" or "spa" in English. 

A lot of people do not say "Jerzmanice-Zdrój", only "Jerzmanice". The earlier names of Jerzmanice are: Bad Hermsdorf, Hermsdorf, Hermannsdorf, Hermanstorph, Hermsdorf am Katzbach. In 1946 the name "Jerzmanice Zdrój" was established.

## Environment 
The highest point in Jerzmanice is Goleń Hill. It is  above sea level. It is in the valley of Kaczawa.

## Education 
The village has a primary school and public library. 

## Traffic 
Through Jerzmanice run a few streets: DW364 and DW328. The most popular way of travel is private transportation.

## Religions 
Most citizens are Roman Catholics, but only  about 20% practise it. Some people are Jehovah's Witnesses or atheists.
Gino Marchetti

**Gino John Marchetti** (January 2, 1926 &ndash; April 29, 2019) was an American professional football player in the National Football League and businessman. A defensive end, he played in 1952 for the Dallas Texans and from 1953 to 1966 for the Baltimore Colts.

Marchetti was born in Smithers, West Virginia. He was raised in Antioch, California.  Marchetti studied at Modesto Junior College and at the University of San Francisco.

In 2004, Marchetti was voted to the East-West Shrine Game Hall of Fame.

Marchetti died of problems caused by pneumonia on April 29, 2019 at a hospital in Paoli, Pennsylvania at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Smith, Don. "Gino Marchetti," The Coffin Corner, Vol. 18, No. 5, 1996. 
* Ravens Nest Baltimore Colts Page 
* *Sundays at 2:00 With the Baltimore Colts*. ()
* Gallery of Gino Marchetti's football cards
* Klingaman, Mike. "Catching Up With...former Colt Gino Marchetti," *The Toy Department* (*The Baltimore Sun* sports blog), Wednesday, October 14, 2009.
Rearguard

A **rearguard** is a part of a military force that protects the main force from attack from the rear. This is either during an advance or withdrawal. The term can also be used to describe forces protecting lines of communication behind an army. In modern armies the rearguard may be used to delay an enemy, to keep supply routes open or may also gather intelligence on an enemy approaching from the rear. One of the best recorded examples of a rearguard action is found in The Song of Roland. It is based on the historical events of the attack on the rearguard of Charlemagne's army in the Pyrenees. It was written in the 11th century, three hundred years after it happened.

## References
Reign

A **reign** is the period of time that a monarch (a king, queen, emperor, etc.) rules over a country. It can also be the period of time that a spiritual leader rules in a particular office. For example, the reign of a pope, dalai lama, patriarch etc. A reign can also be used for an office or championship. This lasted until about the 10th century.
*Sikiru Kayode Adetona, Nigeria,
*Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe, reigned for 81 years, 234 days.
*Dipendra of Nepal, reigned for 56 hours (in a coma).
*Dục Đức reigned as Emperor of Vietnam for 3 days.
*Lady Jane Grey reigned as Queen of England for 9 days.
*Edward V of England was King of England for 2 months, 16 days.
*Dafydd ap Gruffydd was the Prince of Wales (last independent ruler) for 6 months, 11 days.

## References
Bob Cerv

**Robert Henry Cerv** (May 5, 1925 &ndash; April 6, 2017) was a former American baseball player. Before his professional career, he was a collegiate baseball and basketball player at the University of Nebraska. He was born in Weston, Nebraska.

Cerv signed with the New York Yankees in 1950 and was a little-used reserve outfielder on the Yankee teams of the early 1950s. Cerv played for the Yankees from 1951 through 1956, again in 1960, and lastly from 1961 through 1962. He also played for the Kansas City Athletics (1957-1960), Los Angeles Angels (1961), and the Houston Colt .45s (1962).

Cerv died on April 6, 2017 in Blair, Nebraska from a stroke, aged 91.

## References
## Other websites
Kim Yang-gon

**Kim Yang-gon** (; 24 April 1942 &ndash; 29 December 2015) was a North Korean politician. He was a member of the ruling party Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). He served as head of relations with South Korea from 2007 until his death, under both Kim Jong-il and later Kim Jong-un. He was born in Anju, South Pyongan Province.

Kim died in a car accident on 29 December 2015, aged 73.

## References
Pilot Butte, Saskatchewan

**Pilot Butte** is a town in Saskatchewan, Canada. It has over 2,600 people living in it. Most people live in town but drive into the nearby city Regina to work. The town got its name after the hill (or butte) that it surrounds. Pilot Butte is sometimes known as the "Sand Capital of Canada" because of all of the sand and gravel it has. The Pilot Butte Storm are a junior ice hockey team that play in Pilot Butte.

## References
Apgar score

The **Apgar score** is used in medicine. It is a quick way of measuring how healthy a newborn baby is.

Virginia Apgar invented the Apgar score in 1952. She was an anesthesiologist, and created the score to measure how babies were affected by anesthesia given to their mothers during childbirth.

Today, the Apgar score is very commonly used by doctors, nurses, midwives, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and other medical professionals. One of the reasons it is so popular is that doing an Apgar test is very quick. It usually takes less than a minute, sometimes just seconds.
* Scores of 7 or more are normal, and the newborn only needs basic care.
* Scores of 4, 5, and 6 are low. The newborn may need some medical help, like being warmed up or being given oxygen.
* Scores of 3 or below are dangerously low. The newborn may need immediate medical help, like CPR or help breathing.

### Low scores
If a newborn has a low Apgar score one minute after birth, this does not mean the baby is going to have long-term health problems. This is especially true if the Apgar score is better five minutes after birth.

But an Apgar score that stays below 3 at later times—like 10, 15, or 30 minutes after birth—may show that the newborn has brain damage. These newborns are a little more likely to have cerebral palsy. However, the Apgar test cannot predict (say for sure) whether a baby will have long-term health problems.

## Related pages 
* Midwifery 
* Birth defects and atresia
* Postpartum care, Child care

## Other websites
* (Retrieved from Profiles in Medicine-The Virginia Apgar Papers)

## References
Mekh

**Mekh** is listed on the Palermo Stone as a Predynastic ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Lower Egypt. There is no other evidence of such ruler. Mekh may be a mythical king who is only remembered in unwritten stories, or may even be completely fictitious.

## References
Double Falcon

**Double Falcon** (also possibly **Dju** and **Nebwy**) was a Predynastic pharaoh of Lower Egypt belonging to Dynasty 0. The exact timeline of his reign is unknown, although it is estimated to be during the 33rd century BCE. The length of his reign is unknown.

## Discovery 
In 1910  M. J. Clédat, an Egyptologist, discovered the first evidence for king Double Falcon. A farmer at el-Mehemdiah in the north-eastern delta brought him a jar and some incised fragments found while planting a palm-grove in nearby el-Beda. Clédat soon discovered four serekhs of king Double Falcon.

In 1912  Hermann Junker found a tomb at Tura, which contained a complete jar with a serekh topped by two falcons.

More serekhs of king Double Falcon have been found in the Sinai, in Tell Ibrahim Awad in the eastern delta, in Adaima and Abydos in Upper Egypt, and in the Palmahim quarry in southern Israel.

## References
Basidium

A **basidium** (plural **basidia**) is a microscopic type of spore-producing cell found on certain fungi. Most often the basidia are elongated and club shaped. But there is variation in the shape. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores.

## References
Armand Hammer United World College of the American West

**Armand Hammer United World College of the American West** (UWC-USA) is an independent boarding school for students in high school in Montezuma, New Mexico, USA. UWC-USA was opened in 1982.  Classes take place in a historic hotel and students live in buildings nearby.  It is branch of an international school called United World College. UWC-USA is a high school that focuses on active learning and a worldwide community. People from all over the world study at this college. There are 200 students at the school in grades 11 and 12. 

## Related pages
* New Mexico
* Colleges and universities in New Mexico
* United World College of South East Asia

## References 
## Other websites
* UWC-USA's official website 
* United World Colleges homepage
Ian Murdock

**Ian Murdock** (28April 1973 &ndash; 28December 2015) was a German-born American software engineer. He was known for being the founder of the Debian project and Progeny Linux Systems, a commercial Linux company. He was born in Konstanz, Germany.

Murdock died on 28 December 2015 from unknown causes in San Francisco, California at the age of 42. Details surrounding his death have not been released. The last tweets at his Twitter account described violent encounters with police. It was reported that he declared an intention to commit suicide over Twitter, but there is as of now no public record of such a tweet. It was reported that police officer found Murdock drunk and that he did not appear suicidal.

## References
## Other websites
* .
* 
*
Lester Piggott

**Lester Keith Piggott** (5 November 1935 – 29 May 2022) was an English professional jockey. With 4,493 career wins, including nine Epsom Derby victories, he was seen as one of the greatest flat racing jockeys of all time.

He was known as "The Long Fellow". He was known for his competitive personality, keeping himself thirty pounds under his natural weight, and on occasion not sparing the whip on horses such as Nijinsky. Piggott regarded Sir Ivor as the easiest to ride of the great winners.

Piggott died in hospital in Switzerland on 29 May 2022 at the age of 86.

## References
Dwight Gayle

**Dwight Devon Boyd Gayle** (born 17 October 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Sky Bet League One club Derby County.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**Stansted**
*Essex Senior League: 2009–10

**Crystal Palace**
*FA Cup runner-up: 2015–16

**Newcastle United**
*EFL Championship: 2016–17

**Individual**

* PFA Fans' Player of the Year: 2016–17 Championship
* PFA Fans' Player of the Month: October 2016
* PFA Team of the Year: 2016–17 Championship
*EFL Championship Goal of the Month: August 2016
*EFL Team of the Season: 2016–17
*Crystal Palace Goal of the Year: 2014

## References
## Other websites
*
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol

The **Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol** (often called **CIWA** or **CIWA-Ar** (an updated version)), is a scale used to measure alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The scale lists ten common symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.  Based on how bad a person's symptoms are, each of these is assigned a number.  All ten numbers are added up to make one final score.  The highest possible score is 67.  Higher scores are a sign of more severe alcohol withdrawal:
* Scores of 15 or less usually mean a person is having mild alcohol withdrawal;
* Scores of 16-20 usually mean moderate alcohol withdrawal; and
* Scores over 20 usually mean severe alcohol withdrawal.

The CIWA is used not just to measure how bad withdrawal symptoms are, but also to guide decisions about what treatments to give, like when to give benzodiazepines.

## The CIWA Scale
The CIWA measures ten of the most common signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal:
*Nausea and vomiting
*Tremor
*Paroxysmal sweats (sweats that come and go)
*Anxiety
*Agitation (like not being able to stay still)
*Tactile disturbances (like feeling burning, itching, or bugs crawling on the skin)
*Auditory disturbances (like hearing things louder than usual, hearing scary things, or hearing things that are not there)
*Visual disturbances (like lights being too bright, seeing different colors, or seeing things that are not there)
*Headache
*Orientation and clouded sensorium (for example, if a person does not know who he is, where he is, or what is happening)

## Uses
The CIWA scale is validated, which means it is proven to measure what it means to measure - alcohol withdrawal symptoms.  It also has high inter-rater reliability.  This means that if more than one medical professional used the CIWA on the same patient, they would get very similar results.  Validation and inter-rater reliability are signs of good,  tests. 

Studies have shown that when the CIWA scale is used to guide treatment:
*Medical professionals can identify which patients are having milder withdrawal symptoms, and which are having more severe symptoms.  The CIWA helps them do this much more accurately than they might be able to without the scale.
*Patients having milder withdrawal are less likely to be given benzodiazepines that they do not need (this is important because benzodiazepines are addictive)
*Patients having very bad withdrawal are less likely to be under-treated (not be given enough treatment)

## Related pages
*Alcohol withdrawal
*Alcoholism

## References
## Other websites
*CIWA Score for Alcohol Withdrawal 
*The Essential Handbook of Treatment and Prevention of Alcohol Problems
Doug Ellis

**Sir Herbert Douglas "Doug" Ellis**, OBE (3 January 1924 &ndash; 11 October 2018), was an English entrepreneur. He was known as the former chairman of Aston Villa Football Club. Ellis was knighted in the 2012 New Year Honours for charitable services.

Ellis died on 11 October 2018 at the age of 94.

## References
Prunella Scales

**Prunella Scales** (born **Prunella Margaret Rumney Illingworth**; 22 June 1932 &ndash; 27 October 2025) was an English actress. She was best known for her role as Basil Fawlty's wife Sybil in the BBC comedy *Fawlty Towers* and her BAFTA award-nominated role as Queen Elizabeth II in  *A Question of Attribution* (*Screen One*, BBC 1991) by Alan Bennett. She also appeared in a series of adverts for the supermarket chain Tesco, playing an eccentric and demanding customer named Dotty between 1995 and 2004. 

In March 2014, her husband Timothy West revealed to *The Guardian* that Scales was living with Alzheimer's disease. She died on 27 October 2025 at her home in London at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
Sandy Gall

**Henderson Alexander "Sandy" Gall**, CMG, CBE (1 October 1927 &ndash; 29 June 2025) was a Scottish journalist, author, and former ITN news presenter. His career as a journalist has lasted more than 50 years.

Gall was born in Penang, Straits Settlements. He studied at the Aberdeen University. Gall died on 29 June 2025 at his home in Penshurst, Kent, England at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
*Sandy Gall CV at PFD 
*Sandy Gall CV at Knight Ayton Management
*
John Noakes

**John Noakes**  (6 March 1934 &ndash; 28 May 2017) was a British television presenter and personality. He was best known for co-presenting the BBC children's magazine programme *Blue Peter* in the 1960s and 1970s. He remains the show's longest-serving presenter for a total of 12 years.

Noakes was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire. He studied at the Rishworth School. 

On 30 June 2015, Noakes was reported missing from his home in Andratx, Majorca. His wife issued the alert to local police, who confirmed that Noakes had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and had been living with the condition for some years. He was found the same day close to his home and taken to hospital, having fallen into some long grass "in the bottom of a storm drain".

Noakes died on 28 May 2017 at his home in Andratx, Majorca, Spain from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*John Noakes BBC Blue Peter
*A view of John Noakes as a childhood icon of the 1960s and 70's
Marvin Panch

**Marvin Panch** (May 28, 1926 &ndash; December 31, 2015) was an American stock car racing driver. Panch won the 1961 Daytona 500. He also won seventeen NASCAR Grand National - now Sprint Cup Series - events during a 17-year career. He was born in Menomonie, Wisconsin.

Panch died of natural causes after he was found in his car in Port Orange, Florida at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Réplica del Histórico Auto
Brian Johns (businessman)

**Brian Francis Johns** (6 May 1936 &ndash; 1 January 2016) was an Australian company director and journalist. He  was the managing director of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) from 1995 to 2000. Johns was born in Gordonvale, Queensland, Australia.

Johns died on 1 January 2016 in a hospital in Sydney, Australia after battling cancer at the age of 79.

## References
Naloxone

**Naloxone** (often called **Narcan**), is an opioid antagonist medication. It is used to reverse the effects of opioid painkillers, especially when a person has overdosed on opioids. and this is how it is used the most often. 

The effects of naloxone last about 30 minutes to an hour. Since most opioids last longer than naloxone, a person may need several doses of naloxone to fight the effects of an overdose. 

Naloxone seems to be safe in pregnant women. Naloxone is a pure opioid antagonist.

In rare cases, naloxone can cause adverse effects like seizures and pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs).

## History
Naloxone was patented in 1961 by Jack Fishman, Mozes J. Lewenstein, and the company Daiichi Sankyo. The drug was approved for opioid overdose by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1971. It is on the World Health Organization's Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. 

Naloxone is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive. Its wholesale price (as of 2015) is between $0.50 and $5.30 USD per dose.

## Medical uses
### Opiate overdose 
Naloxone can be used to reverse opioid overdose and to reduce the slowed breathing or mental depression that opioids can cause. 

A prescription for naloxone is recommended if a person is:
* On a high dose of opioid (over 100&nbsp;mg of morphine a day, or an equal amount of another opiate);
* Is prescribed any dose of opioid along with a benzodiazepine; or
* Is suspected or known to abuse opioids 

If naloxone is prescribed to a person, that person should also be taught about how to prevent, identify, and react to an overdose, including how to perform rescue breathing, CPR, and how to call an emergency telephone number like 9-1-1.

### Preventing opioid abuse 
Naloxone may be mixed with a number of opioids like buprenorphine. (Buprenorphine mixed with naloxone is called Suboxone.) Buprenorphine is used to decrease cravings for opiates. When buprenorphine and naloxone are mixed, and taken by mouth, only buprenorphine has an effect. But if a person misuses Suboxone by injecting it or taking large doses, the naloxone blocks the effect of the opioid. This combination is used to try to prevent abuse.

## References
Carolingian dynasty

The **Carolingian dynasty** was a Frankish noble family that ruled over a large part of Western Europe from 751 to 987. The line of mayors, kings, and princes succeeded the Merovingian dynasty. The family's most famous member was Charlemagne. The dynasty was named after Charlemagne's grandfather, Charles Martel. As a mayor of the palace of Austrasia and Neustria,  he was the real power behind the throne. In 771 Carloman died, which left his half to Pepin, who became mayor of the palace. When the last of the Merovingian kings, Childeric III, was  by the Pope in Rome, Pepin was made king of the Franks. Pepin left the kingdom to his two sons: Charles and Carloman.

Charles and Carloman shared the kingdom for some time. By the end of the 9th century, it came to an end. With the collapse of the empire, the dynasty came to an end.

## References
Gabriel Tambon

**Gabriel Tambon** (23 March 1930 &ndash; 27 December 2015) was a French politician for the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). He served as the Mayor of Le Castellet, Var from 1965 until his death. He was born in Castellet, Vaucluse.

Tambon died on 27 December 2015 at the age of 85.

## References
Pierre-Marie Rudelle

**Pierre-Marie Rudelle** (18 June 1932 &ndash; 28 December 2015) was a French trompe-l'œil painter. He painted First Lady of the United States Jacqueline Kennedy a pair of doors in her dressing room in the White House. He also worked for Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Pamela Harriman. He was born in Paris.

Rudelle died on 28 December 2015 in Paris, aged 83.

## References
Åge Nordkild

**Åge Nordkild** (19 September 1951 &ndash; 28 December 2015) was a Norwegian Sámi politician. He was a member of the Norwegian Sami Association. He held many places in the Sami Parliament from 2001 to 2005 and 2009 to 2013. He was born in Narvik.

Nordkild died on 28 December 2015 at the age of 64.

## References
Fred Tuttle

**Frederick Herman "Fred" Tuttle** (July 18, 1919 &ndash; October 4, 2003) was an American dairy farmer, actor and 1998 candidate for the U.S. Senate from the state of Vermont for the Republican Party. He was born in Tunbridge, Vermont. He appeared in movies such as *Nosey Parker* and *Man with a Plan*.

Tuttle ran against senator Patrick Leahy in the Vermont senate elections. He lost in a landslide to Leahy. Tuttle was described by Senator Leahy as "the distilled essence of Vermonthood". He was thought by many to be an example of the "everyman".

Tuttle died of a heart attack in his farm in Tunbridge, Vermont at the age of 84.

## References
Farm Sanctuary

]]
**Farm Sanctuary** is an animal protection organization founded in 1986 by Gene Baur and Lorri Houston.  It is the leading shelter for farm animals in the United States. Farm Sanctuary not only provides  to injured or endangered farm animals but also supports animal rights. The organization has a history of fighting laws that help the factory farming industry. Farm Sanctuary currently owns and operates three animal shelters in these cities: Watkins Glen, New York, Los Angeles, California and Orland, California. Combined, these locations house over 1000 farm animals, including chickens, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, ducks, rabbits, and geese.  Various books about Farm Sanctuary have been written by co-founder Gene Baur. These include *Farm Sanctuary: Changing Hearts and Minds About Animals and Food* and *Living the Farm Sanctuary Life: The Ultimate Guide to Eating Mindfully, Living Longer, and Feeling Better Every Day*.  Both of these books reached bestseller lists and have received national attention.

## Related pages
*Veganism
*Vegetarianism
*Animal rights

## References
Sean Hayes (actor)

**Sean Patrick Hayes** (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor, comedian, and producer.  He is best known for his role as Jack McFarland on the NBC sitcom *Will & Grace*. During the series he won an Emmy Award, four SAG Awards, and one American Comedy Award, and earned six Golden Globe nominations. After *Will & Grace* he guest starred in programs such as *30 Rock*, *Portlandia* and *Parks and Recreation*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Forrest Claypool

**Forrest Claypool** (born 1958 in Vandalia, Illinois) is an American politician. He was the superintendent of the Chicago Public Schools system serving from the resignation of Barbara Byrd-Bennett in June 2015 until his own resignation in December 2017.

Before becoming superintendent, Claypool has held several positions in the governments of Chicago, Cook County, and the State of Illinois. He was the Democratic member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, Chief of Staff to Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel, and President of the Chicago Transit Authority.

In 2007&ndash;2008, Claypool served as a key member of Barack Obama campaign's media team, in his capacity as a longtime partner of David Axelrod.

## References
Roslyn, New York

**Roslyn** ( ) is a village in Nassau County, New York, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2020 Census, the village population was 2,988. Roslyn was once called Hempstead Harbor, but its name changed to Roslyn on September 7, 1844.

## References
## Other websites
* Roslyn, New York 
* Pictures and Info on Roslyn's Historic Estates
David Axelrod

**David M. Axelrod** (born February 22, 1955) is an American political operative and analyst. He is best known as the Chief Strategist for Barack Obama's presidential campaigns.  After Obama's election, Axelrod was appointed as Senior Advisor to the President. Axelrod left the White House position in early 2011 and became the Senior Strategist for Obama's successful re-election campaign in 2012.

He now serves as the director of the non-partisan Institute of Politics at the University of Chicago and is a Senior Political Commentator for CNN. In April 2014 it emerged that Axelrod had been appointed senior strategic adviser to the British Labour Party to assist party leader Ed Miliband in the run-up to the 2015 general election.

## References
## Other websites
*AKPD Media
*ASGK Public Strategies 
*
*
*
*The Agony and The Agony, Patrick T. Reardon, *Chicago Tribune*, June 24, 2007
*Profile: David Axelrod, Ned Temko, *The Guardian*, July 27, 2008
*Long by Obama’s Side, an Adviser Fills a Role That Exceeds His Title, Jeff Zeleny, *The New York Times*, October 26, 2008
*President’s Political Protector Is Ever Close at Hand, Jeff Zeleny, *The New York Times*, March 8, 2009
Erik De Vlaeminck

**Erik De Vlaeminck** (23 March 1945 &ndash; 4 December 2015) was a Belgian cyclist. He was a recording-winning cyclo-cross world-champion seven times (in 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973). He was born in Eeklo. He was the brother of Roger De Vlaeminck.

Later in life, De Vlaeminck had Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. He died in Eeklo on 4 December 2015, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
* Erik De Vlaeminck profile  at Cycling Archives
Howard Davis Jr.

**Howard Edward Davis, Jr.** (February 14, 1956 &ndash; December 30, 2015) was an American amateur and professional boxer. He was born in Glen Cove, New York, but raised in Long Island, New York.

After being inspired by a movie about Muhammad Ali, Davis began his amateur career in boxing. He won the 1976 Olympic gold medal one week after his mother died. He was also awarded the "Val Barker Trophy at the Olympics.

He became professional after the Olympics and went on to a professional record of 36–6–1 with 14 knockouts. He retired in 1996. After retirement he became a trainer. Eventually he worked as boxing director at American Top Team in Coconut Creek, Florida, where he trained both amateur and professional boxers and MMA fighters. He was also a motivational speaker and a musician.

Davis, Jr. died on December 30, 2015 from lung cancer in Plantation, Florida at the age of 59.

## References
Islamabad United

**Islamabad United** () is one of the six teams which plays in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). The team represents the city of Islamabad and was founded in 2015. It is owned by **Ali Naqvi** and **Amna Naqvi** (Leonine Global Sports). Misbah-ul-Haq is the captain of Islamabad United, while the head coach is Dean Jones.

## Squad 
## References
Murray Walker

**Graeme Murray Walker** (10 October 1923 &ndash; 13 March 2021), known as **Murray Walker**, was an English Formula One motorsport commentator and journalist. For most of his career he worked for the BBC, but when it lost the contract for Formula One coverage to ITV, he continued  commentating after the change of broadcaster.

Walker was born Graeme Murray Walker in Hall Green, Birmingham, Warwickshire on 10 October 1923.

Walker was diagnosed with lymphoma in 2013. He died on 13 March 2021 in Fordingbridge, Hampshire at aged 97.

## References
## Other websites
* Murray's F1 Video Blog
* Murray Walker Agent 
* Murray Walker's appearance on This Is Your Life
* Murray Walker quotes
Peshawar Zalmi

**Peshawar Zalmi** (; ) is one of the six teams which plays in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). The team represents the city of Peshawar and was founded in 2015. Zalmi in the name means Youth. It is owned by Javed Afridi (Haier Pakistan). Babar Azam is the captain of Peshawar Zalmi, while the head coach is Mohammad Akram.

## Squad 
!Types
!Players
|-
|Captain
|Babar Azam
|-
|Coach
|Mohammad Akram
|-
|Team Members
|
|}

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Dal Richards

**Dallas Murray "Dal" Richards**, CM, OBC (5 January 1918 - 31 December 2015) was a Canadian big band leader. 

Richards led his band for many years in a weekly CBC Radio show broadcast nationally from the Panorama Roof Ballroom of the Hotel Vancouver.  , Richards also hosts a weekly one-hour show on radio station CISL. Richards is commonly thought to be the lyricist of "Roar You Lions Roar", the fight song of the BC Lions football club set to the music of "I Love the Sunshine of Your Smile".

## References
Mike Oxley

**Michael Garver "Mike" Oxley** (February 11, 1944 &ndash; January 1, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican party. He served as a U.S. representative from the 4th congressional district of Ohio. He was born in Findlay, Ohio.

Oxley died of lung cancer in McLean, Virginia on January 1, 2016 at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Interview  on The BusinessMakers Show.
Fazu Aliyeva

**Fazu Aliyeva** (December 5, 1932, Iasi &ndash; January 1, 2016, Makhachkala, Russia) was an Avar speaking-Soviet-born Russian poet, novelist and journalist. She has made a significant role to the development of Dagestani in Russian literature. She is also known for being a human rights activist.

She was awarded two Orders of the "Badge of Honor" and two Orders of Friendship of Peoples, the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle in 2002. She was  awarded the Gold Medal of the Soviet Peace Fund and the Jubilee Medal of the World Peace Council, as well as honorary awards in several foreign countries.

Aliyeva was born in the Khunzakhsky District. She died in Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia on January 1, 2016, from heart failure at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography 
* Fazu Aliyeva poetry
Joseph Brooks

**Joseph Brooks**, born **Joseph Kaplan** (March 11, 1938&nbsp;– May 22, 2011), and also known as **Joe Brooks** or **Joey Brooks**, was an American composer, director, producer, and screenwriter. He was born in Manhattan, New York.

He was a known writer of advertising jingles and wrote the hit songs "My Ship Is Comin' In", "If Ever I See You Again", and "You Light Up My Life", he later composed the hit movie of the same name which he also wrote, directed, and produced. He won a Grammy Award, Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for it.

In his later years he became the subject of an investigation after being accused of a series of casting-couch rapes. He was indicted in 2009. On May 22, 2011, before he could be brought to trial, Brooks committed suicide in his Upper East Side, Manhattan home by placing a bag over his head with a hose from a helium tank connected to it. He was 73 years old. On May 23, 2011, the medical examiner ruled that Brooks had committed suicide, citing asphyxia by helium.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Bob Richards

]]
**Robert Eugene "Bob" Richards** (February 20, 1926 &ndash; February 26, 2023), nicknamed the "Vaulting Vicar" or the "Pole Vaulting Parson" in his competitive days, was an American athlete who was known for pole vaulting in the Olympics. He competed in the 1948 (where he won a bronze medal), 1952 (gold medal), and 1956 Summer Olympics (gold medal) as a pole vaulter, and as a decathlete in 1956.

In the 1984 United States presidential election, Richards ran for President of the United States on the far-right, white nationalist Populist Party ticket.

Richards was born in Champaign, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Richards died on February 26, 2023, a few days after his 97th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
Horton Foote

**Albert Horton Foote, Jr.** (March 14, 1916 &ndash; March 4, 2009) was an American playwright and screenwriter. He was best known for his screenplays for the 1962 movei *To Kill a Mockingbird* and the 1983 movie *Tender Mercies*. He was born in Wharton, Texas. He won two Academy Awards (1962, 1983), a Pulitzer Prize (1995) and an Emmy Award (1997).

Foote died of natural causes in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
John Patrick (dramatist)

**John Patrick** (May 17, 1905 &ndash; November 7, 1995) was an American playwright and screenwriter. He won the Pulitzer Prize for his works in 1954. He was known for his works *The Curious Savage* (1950), *The World of Suzie Wong* (1960), and *The Teahouse of the August Moon* (1953). He was born in Louisville, Kentucky.

Patrick was found dead with a plastic bag over his head at his home in Delray Beach, Florida at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* *Teahouse of the August Moon* tribute site embracing novel, play and movie
Barbara Rush

**Barbara Rush** (January 4, 1927 &ndash; March 31, 2024) was an American stage, movie, and television actress. She was known for her roles in *It Came from Outer Space!*, *Bigger Than Life*, *When Worlds Collide*, *The Young Philadelphians*, and *Robin and the Seven Hoods*. She also appeared on television shows such as *Peyton Place*, *Batman*, *All My Children*, *7th Heaven* and *Knight Rider*. She won a Golden Globe Award in 1954.

Rush died on March 31, 2024 at a care home in Westlake Village, California at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
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*