open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sundiata Keita

**Sundiata Keita** ( 1210 – c. 1260) was the founder of the Mali Empire. He ruled as emperor (*mansa*) from 1235 to 1260. He is celebrated as a hero of the Mandinka people of West Africa in the *Epic of Sundiata*. Sundiata changed his father's small kingdom into the core of the Mali Empire. It grew to be one of largest and richest empires of Africa.

Sundiata Keita was born in about 1210. His father was Naré Maghann Konaté, a king of the Mandinka. Keita was disabled from birth. His legend follows the theme of a culture hero overcoming extreme hardships to achieve greatness. According to the legend, Keita and his mother went into voluntary exile to avoid the risk of being killed by his jealous half-brother, Kankaran Tuman, who had become king in 1218. While Keita and his mother were in exile, the Mandinka were conquered by the Sosso Empire. Later, Keita was recalled by his fellow people to free them from this foreign oppression.

In the early 1200s, the independence of the Mandinka was threatened by the Sosso. Sosso was one of the many kingdoms that succeeded the Ghana Empire. Keita, who had already become a king, gathered his people and fought a battle with the Sosso army. In 1235, Keita and his army destroyed the army of Soumaoro Kanté, the ruler of the Sosso. This battle is called the Battle of Kirina, located in present-day Mali.

Further military advancements led to the expansion of the Mali Empire. The empire thrived, because it controlled many of the major gold fields and was an important center of trans-Saharan trade. Keita also successfully combined Islamic and traditional African beliefs to create a functional kingdom. Today, some of the Mandinka people of West Africa still regard Sundiata as a hero.

Little is known about the later life of Keita, but it is known that Keita ruled for about 25 years before his death. It is said that Keita was killed in an accident in his capital city.

## References
Soumaoro Kanté

**Soumaoro Kanté** (also written **Sumanguru Kanté**) was a king of the Sosso people during the 13th century. The Sosso formed their kingdom in the 1180s, after the collapse of the Ghana Empire.

In the *Epic of Sundiata*, Soumaoro is portrayed as a villain. He is said to have been a supernatural warrior with eight heads rising above his own. Many of his military victories were associated with his supernatural powers. He conquered several neighbouring peoples, including nine other kingdoms in the early 1200s. Among these were the Mandinka in what is now Mali. Soumaoro killed all of the Mandinka king's sons except one. This son, Sundiata Keita, was a cripple, and Soumaoro did not believe him to be a threat.

A short time later, however, Sundiata built an alliance of smaller kingdoms to oppose Soumaoro. Legends describe Sundiata as having supernatural powers as well.

Sourmaoro ruled as a tyrant. His empire lasted a little more that 30 years. He was unable to maintain stability. He also made his people pay heavy taxes. He made them give him large amounts of gold, food, and livestock. On top of that he demanded that his subjects turn over the most beautiful women for his pleasure and the strongest boys to be his slaves. He killed anyone suspected of becoming a potential threat to his rule. Although he was successful on the battlefield, Sumanguru an arrogant, brutal and intolerant ruler. He failed at winning the faith and loyalty of the people he had hoped to unify under his rule.

## References
Zhang Heng

**Zhang Heng** (also written **Chang Heng**, ; AD 78–139) was a Chinese scientist who worked in many subjects. He lived during the Han dynasty. He was an accomplished engineer, meteorologist, geologist, philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and writer.

Zhang invented the first seismometer, a machine that measures the strength of earthquakes. He is remembered for many other inventions and writings. He invented the seismometer in 132 AD. Heng was also the first in China to apply a grid system to maps, from which positions and distances could be calculated.

Some of his jobs were chief astronomer of the Imperial Chancellery for Astronomical and Calendrical Science, and chief minister under the rule of Moana. He also wrote many works ranging from poetry to books full of his scientific research. One was his book of astronomical research and it described his theories about previously unexplained things that could be seen in the night sky. Some things it theorized were that the Moon was lit by the Sun instead of making its own light. It also proposed that the Moon could be eclipsed by the shadow of the Earth.  

## Related pages
*List of Chinese scientists

## References
* "Zhang Heng". Science and Its Times. Ed. Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2001. Biography in Context. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.
* "Chang Heng". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 24. Detroit: Gale, 2005.Biography in Context. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.
Rotor (electric)

A **rotor** is the part of an electric machine (motor or generator) that rotates. It rotates because of the torque developed by wires and magnetic field inside the machine.

## Related pages 
* Stator
Anna Komnene

**Anna Komnene** (sometimes spelled Comnena; Greek: Άννα Κομνηνή, *Anna Komnēnē*) was a Greek princess, scholar, and doctor. She was the eldest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos of Byzantium and Irene Doukaina. 

Komnene was born in the Porphyra, the purple room of the Byzantine royal palace in Constantinople, on December 2nd, 1083. For some time, the emperor did not have a son, so Komnene who was originally engaged to Constantine Ducas, became an heir to the throne. While they were engaged, Anna went to live with Ducas’s mother, Maria of Alania, where Komnena got an education in mathematics, philosophy, and medicine. Anna’s future changed significantly when her brother John was born in 1087 and became the heir to the throne. This sparked Komnene’s jealousy and hatred for her brother for the rest of her life. Unfortunately, Constantine Ducas died young and Anna married Nicephorus Bryennius in 1097 AD. 

Anna began to plot a plan for her husband to inherit the throne, with the help of her grandmother, Anna Dalassene. The plan failed, mainly because of Nicephorus’s loyalty to the heir of the throne, John. At her father’s funeral, Anne is thought by many historians to have attempted an assassination of John, before he could claim the throne, but failed yet again.  and she was prohibited from entering the royal palace ever again. When Bryennius, her husband, died, Anna moved into a convent and began her work as a historian. 

While she lived there, Anna wrote her book, *The Alexiad*. “The Alexiad” is a lengthy biography of her father’s reign and the Byzantine Empire. It provides a picture of religious and intellectual activities within the empire. Anna writes about the faults and flaws in her father’s reign as well as the successes and accomplishments. The 15 books of *The Alexiad* are written solely in Greek. Anne is the only female historian who wrote in Greek before the 19th century. She is also one of very few female authors and historians from Byzantium and was viewed as lesser by many. Her book is still important because Anna had access to the royal archives and had an inside view of politics. Her book remains one of the essential primary sources for Byzantine history and is a common read for those studying the time period. 

Anna may have spent a large part of her life in a convent, but she did in fact become a nun until shortly before she died. She is thought to have died in 1153 however the exact date is unknown.
Kabsa

**Kabsa** is the national dish of Saudi Arabia. It is a dish made of rice and meat, cooked either by itself or together. It can be made with spices and camel meat, lamb, chicken or fish. It is usually eaten for lunch and sometimes for dinner. Kabsa is often a dish for a group of people. The kabsa is normally served on a round metal dish placed on the floor and people eat with their right hand, although a spoon may be used in countries such as Kuwait, Bahrain and other Gulf countries.
Nikki Sinclaire

**Nicole** "**Nikki**" **Sinclaire** (born 26 July 1968) is a British politician. In June 2012, she started We Demand a Referendum (WDAR), a political party. She was a member of the United Kingdom Independence Party until 2010.

She was born in Nicholas Sinclaire in London.

## Personal life
She is openly gay.

In November 2013, Sinclaire released a book about her life, *Never Give Up*. In it she said that she was born male. When she was 23 she had sex reassignment surgery. The news made Sinclaire the United Kingdom's first transgender Member of Parliament.

## Other websites
*Official website

## References
Faraday's laws of electrolysis

'''Faraday's laws of electrolysis''' are a set of scientific laws used in chemistry. They are used to express magnitudes of electrolytic effects. They were first described by Michael Faraday in 1834.

The first law states that the mass of a substance produced by electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of the electricity that passes through the cell.

The second law says: since Q, F, and z are constants, the larger the value of M/z (equivalent weight) the larger m will be.

## Mathematical form
Faraday's laws can be summarized by

:m \ = \ \left({ Q \over F }\right)\left({ M \over z }\right) 

where:
* *m* is the mass of the substance liberated at an electrode in gms
* *Q* is the total electric charge passed through the substance in coulombs
* *F* = 96485.33289(59) C mol−1 is the Faraday constant
* *M* is the molar mass of the substance in grams per mol
* *z* is the valency number of ions of the substance (electrons transferred per ion).

*M/z* is the same as the equivalent weight of the substance altered.
Enterprise Center

**Enterprise Center** is a sports arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The arena opened on October 8, 1994, and is the current home to the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was also home to Saint Louis University's men's basketball team from 1991 to 2008.

The arena was originally known as **Kiel Center** from 1994 to 2000 and **Savvis Center** from Aug 2000 to 2006. Scottrade acquired naming rights for the arena in September 2006.

The Scottrade Center has held many WWE events as well including: Badd Blood: In Your House, Survivor Series in 1998, the special live tribute episode of WWF Raw is War that aired after the night of Owen Hart's death, No Mercy in 2001, Judgment Day in 2007, Elimination Chamber in 2010, Royal Rumble in 2012 and Extreme Rules in 2013.

The arena was initially expected to be renamed as the TD Ameritrade Center by the end of 2017, once the purchase of Scottrade by TD Ameritrade closed. However, TD Ameritrade decided not to put its name on the arena. The team later reached a new deal with Enterprise Holdings, a company based in the St. Louis suburb of Clayton, Missouri that owns the Enterprise, National, and Alamo car rental companies. The deal was announced on May 21, 2018, with the name officially changing to Enterprise Center on July 1 of that year.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Capital One Arena

**Capital One Arena** is a sports arena in Washington D.C. The arena opened on December 2, 1997, and is the current home to the Washington Capitals on the National Hockey League (NHL), Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Washington Mystics of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), the Washington Valor of the Arena Football League, and the Georgetown University men's basketball team. The arena was also home to the Washington Power of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) from 2001 to 2002.

The arena was originally known as **MCI Center** from 1997 to 2006. It became **Verizon Center** in January 2006 when Verizon Communications acquired the naming rights for the arena. The name changed again in August 2017 when Capital One acquired naming rights.

Capital One Arena has held many WWE events as well including: SummerSlam in 2005, Cyber Sunday in 2007, Survivor Series in 2009 and WWE Capitol Punishment in 2011. Aside from WWE, the arena also hosted World Championship Wrestling (WCW)'s Starrcade pay-per-view in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Saadia Gaon

**Saʻadiah ben Yosef Gaon** (882/892 – 942) was a Jewish religious scholar and philosopher.

He was born in al-Fayyūm, Egypt. When he was 28, he left Egypt and his wife and two sons, and traveled to Babylonia. There, he helped schools in many Jewish communities. After a while, he left Babylonia because he was not happy with the government.

As a religious scholar, he translated the Bible into Arabic and wrote many commentaries on it. He also wrote the first Hebrew dictionary and grammar dictionary, and many books on Talmudic law. One of his famous books is called *Kitāb al-amānāt wa al-iʿtiqādāt* ("Book of Beliefs and Convictions").

He died at the age of 63, in Baghdad.

## Notes
TD Garden

**TD Garden** is an indoor multi-use sports arena in Boston, Massachusetts. The arena opened on September 30, 1995, and is the current home to the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

The arena was originally known as **FleetCenter** from 1995 to 2005. TD Banknorth acquired the naming rights for the arena on March 3, 2005. The name was changed to **TD Banknorth Garden** on July 1, 2005.

TD Garden has held many WWE events as well including: WrestleMania XIV in 1998, King of the Ring in 2000, Royal Rumble in 2003, SummerSlam in 2006, Survivor Series in 2008, Royal Rumble in 2011, Night of Champions in 2012, and Survivor Series in 2013.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Kingsborough Community College

**Kingsborough Community College** is a community college in Brooklyn, New York. It is part of the City University of New York's university system. It is located in Manhattan Beach. It was built in 1963. It has around 38,000 students. It has a private beach which is open during the summer.

## References
## Other websites
*Kingsborough Community College website
Stator

A **stator** is the part of a rotary system that does not move. It is the fixed,  part of an electric machine (motor or generator). The stator might act as the field magnet (working with the armature to create the spinning movement) or as the armature (receives influence from the moving field coils of the rotor).

## Related pages 
* Rotor (electric)
Uninterruptible power supply

An **uninterruptible power supply** (or **uninterruptible power source**; **UPS**) is an apparatus that provides electric power in an emergency when there is a problem with the normal electricity supply. It provides an almost  supply of electricity during any power failure. It is used normally to protect any sensitive hardware (computer, data center, telecommunication) in which if there is any disruption of power supply, it might easily damage that equipment.

UPS batteries are lead acid batteries that use gel sulfuric acid instead of the liquid sulfuric acid car batteries use. UPS batteries are sealed and have the ability to store electricity and provide a consistent high surge DC current to a UPS system which converts it to a stabilized AC current. UPS batteries have a wide selection of dimensions and one of their main properties is that they do not leak or produce fumes. This is one of the most important reasons why they are used safely in houses, server rooms, data centers, manufacturing environments, hospitals, offices, and other poorly ventilated areas. These sealed lead-acid batteries can be found in some of the electronics stores or UPS specialized stores.

Most people use a type of UPS called a full-time or full double conversion UPS, which is also the most effective. The utility power that comes into a UPS is alternating current (AC), which is also what most IT equipment needs (ITE). Choosing the correct UPS for the job is very important.

Batteries, on the other hand, use direct current (DC), so all battery-type UPSes must change the incoming alternating current (AC) power into direct current (DC) to charge the batteries. This process is called "rectification." The UPS must still send AC power to the ITE, so a device called an inverter must turn DC power back into AC power.

In a double-conversion UPS, power goes through the rectifier, and then the inverter is on its way to the ITE. The voltage and frequency of the output have nothing to do with the voltage and frequency of the input. They can even be completely different from the input, so this system is technically called "voltage and frequency independent" (VFI).

## References
KeyBank Center

The **KeyBank Center** is a sports arena in Buffalo, New York. The arena opened on September 21, 1996, and is the current home to the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Buffalo Bandits of the National Lacrosse League (NLL).

The arena was originally known as **Marine Midland Arena** from 1996 to 1999 and as **HSBC Arena** from 2000 to 2011. First Niagara Bank acquired the naming rights for the arena in 2011. The arena name next changed after KeyBank bought First Niagara Bank in 2016. Outside signs began to show the new name in August of that year, with the name change to "KeyBank Center" becoming official on September 19.

KeyBank Center has held many WWE events as well including: The Great American Bash in 2005, Armageddon in 2008, Night of Champions in 2011, and WWE Battleground in 2013.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Steam turbine

A **steam turbine** is a machine that gets thermal energy from pressurised steam. It uses the energy to do mechanical work by rotation. It is usually connected to a generator to produce electricity. The heat to produce steam comes from burning a fuel such as coal, from burning trash in an incinerator, from the waste heat of other industrial processes, from a nuclear reactor, or from a natural source such as sunlight or geothermal heat.

## Sizes
There are many sizes of steam turbines, from small ones (less than 0.75&nbsp;kW) for pumps and other devices, to larger ones (1,500,000&nbsp;kW) for producing electricity.

## Related pages
* Turbine
* Steam engine
Pulverizer

A **pulverizer** is a machine used to  different types of material. This is done so that the material will be able to be used or can be easily transported. An example of a material that can be grinded is coal.

## Types
There are different speeds used by pulverizers.
* Low speed
* Medium speed
* High speed
Al-Battani

**Al-Battānī** (other names include **Albategnius**, **Albategni** and **Albatenius**; born about 858 – died 929) was an Arab astronomer, astrologer and mathematician. He is considered an important astronomer and mathematician of the Islamic Golden Age. His discoveries about trigonometry were often quoted by medieval European astronomers; including by Copernicus. He was from Harran. His full name was **Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī**.

## Career 
Al-Battani helped to calculate the distance between the Earth and the Sun, before the telescopes. This allowed him to refine existing values for the length of the year.

## Works 
He is most famous for his book the *Kitāb az-Zīj* (or the *Zij*). The *Zij* was a book with 57 chapters dedicated to astronomy. He influenced the works of Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe, who were famous astronomers of later times. The book was translated many times into many different languages. Inside the *Zij*, Al-Battani made a map of the stars, naming a few of them.

Al-Battani died of old age in the year 929. He had been protesting against the taxes in Baghdad, and died on the way home.

## Related pages
*List of scientists from the Middle East

## References
## Other websites
*
Gagra

**Gagra** (; Abkhaz and ) is a town in Abkhazia. It covers an area of about 5&nbsp;kilometres. It is located on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea, at the base of the Caucasus Mountains. The moderate climate makes it a popular tourist resort.

Gagra is the centre of the Gagra District. It is located in the western part of Abkhazia. The river Psou serves as a border with Krasnodar Kray of Russia.

## History 
Gagra was established as a Greek colony. During the rule of the Kingdom of Colchis, they called it *Triglite*.

In the time of the Roman Empire the town was renamed to *Nitica*. Because of its geographical and commercial importance, it was attacked repeatedly by the Goths. The Romans did not neglect it, however. They fortified it well. After the Romans, the Byzantine Empire took control of all of Colchis, including *Nitica*. It became a major trading center for merchants from Venice and Genoa. The name "Gagra" appeared for the first time on a map in 1308. This was on a map of the Caucasus made by the Italian Pietro Visconti. This map is now in the Library of Saint Mark in Venice.

### Gagra within the Russian Empire 
In the 16th century, Gagra was a part of Georgia. It was invaded by the Ottoman Empire. Because of poverty and disease, most of its people had left. After Russia's victory over the Ottomans in 1878, Russia rebuilt the town.

### Gagra under the Soviet Union 
In 1919, Vladimir Lenin established a "worker's resort" in Gagra. He nationalized the resort that had been built by Oldenburg. Then Gagra became a popular holiday resort for Soviet citizens. During World War II, it gained a new role as a site for the rehabilitation of wounded soldiers. After the war, various state-run sanatoriums were built there. The resort grew and was developed quickly as part of the "Soviet Riviera".

### Gagra in post-soviet Abkhazia 
In the late 1980s, tensions grew between the Georgian and Abkhazian communities in the region. War started between 1992 and 1993. It ended in a defeat of the Georgian government's forces. Hundreds of thousands of ethnic Georgians were forced to leave their homes in Abkhazia. This was part of a mass ethnic cleansing, in which thousands of Georgian civilians were massacred. Gagra and the Abkhazian capital Sokhumi were at the centre of the fighting and suffered heavy damage.

After 1993, Gagra was under Russian occupation and under the control of separatist armed formations.

## Monuments 
The most important landmarks of Gagra are:
* ruins of the Abaata fortress (4th–5th century AD, built by the Anchabadze dynasty, the ruling Georgian dynasty);
* 6th-century church, said to be the oldest in Abkhazia, built by Anchabadze dynasty;
* Marlinsky defensive tower (1841);
* 19th-century palace of the Prince of Oldenburg.

## Twin towns
On 14 May 2012, Gagra signed a cooperation agreement with Vladimir.

## References 
## Other websites 
* webcamera in Gagra
Adobe Premiere Elements

**Adobe Premiere Elements** is an editing software that allows users to edit videos and make home-made movies, using the provided options.

Elements was made as a simpler and easier to learn version of Premiere Pro.

## Compatibility
Upon release, the software was made compatible with Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Mac OS X. The installation of the software is different for each device, providing step by step instructions. It can only be installed once per device, where it then needs to be uninstalled before installing again to a different device.

## Adobe ID
An Adobe ID is a paid service that allows access to otherwise inaccessible content created by Adobe. The price of an Adobe ID has varied in the past five years. It currently costs around ten dollars a month, although the price may be different depending where you are located. Creating your Adobe ID also unlocks free benefits for Adobe Photoshop and an automatic online backup.

## Free Trial
A free thirty day trial is available to those who are willing to download the often large amount of data required. The trial includes everything you would get from buying the product, attempting to get customers to buy the full version after the trial is over.

## Awards
Adobe Premiere Elements has won over 180 editing awards and has been classified as number one award winning editing software for the past 10 years.

## Sharing
Adobe has a built in sharing configuration, that allows users to share their videos to major websites such as YouTube and Facebook. It also allows easy transferring onto a DVD, or into AVCHD format.

## References
Down payment

A **down payment** is the amount that being paid first at the beginning of any business transaction and settle the remaining payment through installments. This payment is made so that the buyer or customer can own the goods being sold or for the case of ordering in a factory (for highly-customized goods), the goods can be put into the production line and start to be produced first.

How much a customer needs to pay for the down payment is different in each country and each business type. The amount of down payment and the remaining payment are usually agreed upon at the time of making the purchase or order.

## References
Purchase order

A **purchase order** (**PO**) is a document stating the wish of a buyer to purchase something from a seller. It indicates all of the exact details of the goods the buyer intends to buy. When the seller accepts the purchase order, it forms a legal contract between both sides. This means that the seller is required to provide the goods in exchange for payment by the buyer.

## References
Battery charger

A **battery charger** is a  that makes a used battery able to be used again. It works by forcing electric current into it from the opposite polarity of the battery. However, only rechargeable batteries can be recharged with a battery charger.

Battery chargers can be found in many forms, such as for mobile phone batteries, an electric vehicle charger, and a laptop battery charger (adapter).

## References
Aesop Rock

**Ian Mathias Bavitz** (born June 5, 1976), better known as **Aesop Rock**, is an American rapper who lives in San Francisco, California. He was born in New York.

## References
PPG Paints Arena

**PPG Paints Arena** is a sports arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The arena opened on August 18, 2010, and is the current home of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). It was also home to Pittsburgh Power of the Arena Football League (AFL) from the team's 2011 entry into the league until its demise in 2014.

When it opened, the arena was known as Consol Energy Center, with the naming rights owned by Consol Energy. In October 2016, Consol Energy opted out of its naming rights contract, and PPG Industries took over the naming rights, choosing to promote its paint brand on the arena. The first Penguins game played in the arena was on October 7, 2010 in a 3–2 loss against their rivals, the Philadelphia Flyers.

The arena hosted the Frozen Four in 2013. The first event that happened in the arena was a concert by Paul McCartney. The arena hosted the WWE's Royal Rumble on January 26, 2014.

]]

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Bad Moon

***Bad Moon*** is a 1996 American horror and thriller movie. The movie is about strange events, full moons and werewolves. Mariel Hemingway plays attorney Janet Harrison. The movie was distributed by Warner Bros.. The movie was rated R for gore, horror, violence and some language. They had earlier given a higher rating based on graphic violence, which was then cut from the movie. When released, the movie received negative reviews. *Bad Moon* was a huge box office flop.
Take Me Home

***Take Me Home*** is the second studio album by British-Irish boy band One Direction. It was released on November 9, 2012, by Syco Music and Columbia Records. Following the success of their debut album *Up All Night* (2011), the band worked with teams of songwriters, with nearly five writers per track on average. Most of the album was written and recorded in Sweden, where producers Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub, and Carl Falk spent six months creating songs that suited each member’s voice.

The album features catchy pop sounds, vocal harmonies, hand claps, electric guitar riffs, and bright synthesizers. Each member has solo moments, and the lyrics focus on love, heartbreak, jealousy, and confidence. *Take Me Home* received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising its production but noting it felt somewhat generic and rushed.

## Track listing
## Personnel 
Adapted from AllMusic.

* Karl Brazil – drums
* David Bukovinszky – cello
* Julian Bunetta –  engineer, musician, producer, vocal producer
* Mattias Bylund – editing, string arrangements, string engineer
* Cirkut – musician, producer, programming
* Rupert Coulson – engineer
* Tom Coyne – mastering
* Tommy Culm – background vocals
* Dr. Luke – musician, producer, programming
* Chris Elliot – string engineer
* Levon Eriksson – assistant
* Carl Falk –  guitar, musician, producer, programming, vocal editing, vocal engineer, background vocals
* Rachael Findlen – assistant
* Kristoffer Fogelmark –  guitar, musician, producer, programming, vocal editing, vocal engineer, background vocals
* Ian Franzino – assistant engineer
* Serban Ghenea – mixing
* Clint Gibbs – assistant, vocals
* Jake Gosling – drums, mixing, percussion, piano, producer, programming, strings
* Lukasz Gottwald –  vocals
* Stephen P. Grigg – assistant
* John Hanes – mixing engineer
* Sam Hollander –  musician, programming
* Niall Horan –  guitar
* Ash Howes – mixing, programming
* Andy Hughes – assistant
* Ava James – vocals
* Matthias Johansson – violin
* Koool Kojak – engineer, musician, producer, programming, vocals
* Savan Kotecha –  background vocals
* Chris Leonard – acoustic guitar, bass guitar, electric guitar
* Zayn Malik – illustrations
* Sam Miller – engineer
* Katie Mitzell – production coordination
* Malcolm Moore – bass
* Adam Nedler – background vocals
* Albin Nedler –  musician, producer, programming, vocal editing, vocal engineer
* One Direction – primary artist
* Alex Oriet – vocal engineer
* Tebey Ottoh – vocal producer
* Joel Peters – assistant
* Luke Potashnik – guitar
* Irene Richter – production coordination
* Steve Robson –  guitar, keyboards, mixing, producer
* Shellback – bass, musician, producer, programming, background vocals
* Peter Svensson –  musician, programming, vocals
* John Urbano – photography
* Henry Walter –  vocals
* Sam Waters – vocal engineer, vocal producer
* Caroline Watson – stylist
* Emily Wright – engineer, vocal producer, vocals

## References
Hail to the Chief

**"Hail to the Chief"** is the official presidential anthem of the United States. The song is played only when the president of the United States appears during public appearances. It is also played during funerals of former [residents such as during Ronald Reagan's funeral. This song is under the public domain.
John Michael Montgomery

**John Michael Montgomery** (born 1965) is a singer from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He sings and writes country music. He has been a singer since 1992.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* ''Life's a Dance* (1992)
* *Kickin' it Up* (1994)
* *John Michael Montgomery* (1995)
* *What I Do the Best* (1996)
* *Leave a Mark* (1998)
* *Home to You* (1999)
* *Brand New Me* (2000)
* *Pictures* (2002)
* *Letters from Home* (2004)
* *Time Flies'' (2008)

;Singles
* "I Love the Way You Love Me" (1993)

## Related pages
* List of country musicians from Kentucky

## References
## Other websites
* The website of John Michael Montgomery
Trichromacy

**Trichromacy** is a type of color vision. Animals with this kind of vision see colors with cone cells in their retina. The three types of cone cell are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. Color is constructed in the brain's visual cortex. Humans and many other primates have full color vision. Most mammals do not, because they have only one or two types of cone cells, which do not discriminate so many distinct wavelengths. Most other vertebrates such as lizards and birds have four types of cone cells, hence can discriminate more colors than humans can.

## References
Control system

**Control system** is a device or system that gives commands to manage the behavior of other devices or systems. The commands can be set or programmed, and the output is determined by the input. A control system is represented by a logic diagram.

## Classes
* Open loop control system-without feedback
* Closed loop control system-with feedback 

## Related pages
*Cybernetics
Surface mining

]]

**Surface mining** is a method which operates on the surface of the land. Machines remove the overburden to get at material, such as coal, below it. 

Surface mining  includes strip mining, open-pit mining (UK: open cast mining) and mountaintop removal mining. It is mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed. It is the opposite of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral removed through shafts or tunnels.  

Surface mining gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and became the main way of coal mining in places such as Appalachia and America's Midwest.

In most forms of surface mining, heavy equipment, such as earthmovers, first remove the overburden. Next, huge machines, such as dragline excavators or Bucket-wheel excavators, extract the mineral.
Cyclonic separation

**Cyclonic separation** is a process to take out all of the unwanted particles from air, gas, or steam. The process uses a process called vortex separation and does not use filtering. It uses rotational and gravitational force to separate the unwanted particles. The process is done in a device called cyclone separator or "cyclone". The word "cyclone" in meteorology (weather) is a force in which the air's movement spirals inward.

## Usage
* Cement industry
* Fossil fuel power stations
* Oil refinery
* Sawmill
Bulk material handling

**Bulk material handling** is a field of engineering. It involves designing equipment to handle dry materials in their  form. It consists of stationary machinery, mobile equipment and storage facilities. The purpose of this process is to transport materials from one place to another place or places.
SAP Center at San Jose

The **SAP Center at San Jose** is a sports arena in San Jose, California. The arena opened on September 7, 1993, and is the current home to the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the San Jose Sabercats of the Arena Football League (AFL).

The arena was originally known as **San Jose Arena** from 1993 to 2001, the **Compaq Center at San Jose** from 2001 to 2002, and as **HP Pavilion at San Jose** from 2002 to 2013. SAP acquired the naming rights for the arena in June 2013 and renamed the arena **SAP Center at San Jose**.

The arena has held many WWE events as well including: the Royal Rumble in 1998, SummerSlam in 2001, and The Great American Bash in 2007.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Honda Center

The **Honda Center** is a sports arena in Anaheim, California. The arena opened on June 19, 1993, and is the current home to the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and was the home of the Los Angeles Kiss of the Arena Football League (AFL) in 2014. It was the occasional home to the Los Angeles Clippers from 1994 to 1999.

The arena was originally known as **Pond of Anaheim** in 1993 and as **Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim** from 1993 to 2006. Honda acquired the naming rights for the arena in October 2006.

The arena has held many WWE events as well including: WrestleMania XII in 1996, the Royal Rumble in 1999, and WrestleMania 2000 in 2000.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
KatieJane Garside

**KatieJane Garside** (born **Katrina Jane Garside**; 8 July 1968) is an English singer-songwriter. She first became known as the singer of the indie rock band Daisy Chainsaw. Garside is now the singer of Ruby Throat.

## Career
### Daisy Chainsaw
Garside joined the band in 1989. With the band Garside released two extended plays. The band then released one album, *Eleventeen* in 1992. Their single "Love Your Money" reached number 26 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1992. It is Garside's most successful song so far.

Garside sung on two songs on Creaming Jesus' 1992 album *Guilt by Association*. She was also in the music video for their single "Lilies".

In 1993, Garside left Daisy Chainsaw. She was replaced with Belinda Leith.

### 1994–1998
In 1994, Garside sung on the album *The Greatest Show of Truth* by The Sacred Sawdust Ring.

Garside sung on five songs on Test Dept.'s 1995 album *Totality*.

### Queenadreena
In 1999, she started an alternative rock band called Queenadreena with Crispin Gray. Queenadreena released their first album, *Taxidermy*, in 2000. In 2002, they released their second album *Drink Me*. In 2005, their third album *The Butcher and the Butterfly* was released by One Little Indian. One single was released from the album, "Medicine Jar".

In 2007, the band released *Ride a Cock Horse*. The next year they released *Djin*. It was only released in Japan. In September 2009 it was released in the UK.

The band broke up in 2010.

### Lalleshwari, Corps Electriques, and Ruby Throat
In 2005, she released an album of songs she made on her own called *Lalleshwari/Lullabies in Glass Wilderness*.

In 2006, Garside met Chris Wittingham on the London Underground. He was busking there. They started making music together. In 2007 they released an album together called *The Ventriloquist* under the name Ruby Throat. It has a folk sound. At first they released 500 copies of the cd inside red leather books. The album was released on Amazon in 2008.

In 2008, Garside released an album with Hector Zazou called *Corps Electriques*. Nils Petter Molvær played the trumpet on it.

In 2009, Ruby Throat released their second album, *Out of a Black Cloud Came a Bird*. The album has a cover of "Nothing" by Townes Van Zandt. Also that year, Jeff Zetner's album *The Dying Days of Summer* was released. Garside sung on the thirteenth song on the album, "Where We Fall We'll Lie". 

In 2012, they released a third album, ''O' Doubt O' Stars''.

### Family life
She has a sister called Melanie Garside. Melanie is also a musician. She was the bass player for Queenadreena.

Garside lives on a boat with Chris Wittingham and their children.

## References
Cranes (band)

**Cranes** are a British dream pop band. Their most well known song is perhaps "Shining Road". They formed in 1985 in Portsmouth, England. The band's founding members were singer Alison Shaw, her brother Jim Shaw and guitarist Kevin Dunford. Dunford left the band in 1990. He was replaced by Mark Francombe who had such diverse musical influences as Velvet Underground, Can and Thobbing Gristle. He also liked building experimental electronic devices to alter his guitar-sound as well as wearing experimental hair. In 1989 their 6-track EP *Self Non Self* was released by Bite Back. A further guitarist, Matt Cope, was recruited. In 1990 they released an EP called *Inescapable*. It was their first release on the record label Dedicated. Later in 1990 they released another EP, *Espero*. 1991 saw the release of *Tomorrows Tears* followed by *Adoration*.

Their first album, *Wings of Joy*, was released in 1991. It reached number fifty-two in the UK Album Chart. In 1992 they opened 90 shows for The Cure on the U.S. and European legs of their "Wish" world tour. During a break from this tour their second album *Forever* was written and recorded and was released in 1993. It got to number forty in the UK. The single "Jewel" reached number twenty-nine in the UK Singles Chart. It was a collaboration with The Cure and became Cranes best-selling single.

Their third album *Loved* was released in 1994. Three singles were released from the album: "Lilies", "Shining Road", and "Beautiful Friend". In 1996 Cranes released 10,000 copies of ''La Tragédie d'Oreste et Électre*. This album, based on a Jean-Paul Satre work, Shaw recites entirely in French. The next year *Population 4* was released. It was their last album on Dedicated.

In 1997 the band broke up. In 2000 they reformed. They released *Future Songs* in 2001. In 2002 they performed before The Cure at Hyde Park. They released an EP called *Submarine*. Only 2000 copies of it were made. There were eight songs on it. All of them were remixes. In 2004 *Particles and Waves* was released. Cranes performed as the opening act for The Cure at the Move Festival. In 2007 Cherry Red Records released *Wings of Joy* again. Seven extra songs were on it. In 2008 they released an album called *Cranes* on their record label Dadaphonic. Pitchfork gave it a score of 7.2 out of 10. In 2009 *Loved'' was released again by Cherry Red Records. There were seven extra songs on it.

## References
William Allain

**William A. "Bill" Allain** (February 14, 1928 &ndash; December 2, 2013) was an American politician. He held office as the 58th Governor of Mississippi as a Democrat from 1984 to 1988.

Allain died December 2, 2013 in Jackson, Mississippi from unknown causes, aged 85.

## References
Bowser Jr.

**Bowser Jr.** is a character from the *Mario* video game series. He is the son of Bowser and prince of the Koopas. He is known for inventing machines, painting graffiti, and doing what he can to make his father proud. He first appeared in *Super Mario Sunshine*. Since then, he has become a main character and appears in most of the *Mario* video game series. Many people believe Bowser Jr. is a brat, but that's not actually true. In multiple cases, Bowser Jr. has shown us that he is pretty responsible, such as doing homework, and taking out the garbage. His appearance in Super Mario Sunshine was completely different from Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle , because he isn't as bad as we think. In the Nintendo Switch Parental controls video, Bowser Jr. and Bowser are having fun playing with the console. Both Boswer and Bowser Jr. aren't necessarily bad people, just misunderstood. Jr. listens to what his dad says, like kidnapping Peach or impersonating Mario.

## Appearances
Bowser Jr. first appears in *Super Mario Sunshine*, where he disturbs Mario's vacation with Princess Peach on Delfino Isle by making the island dirty and kidnapping Peach. He makes himself look like Mario, so the people of the island put Mario in jail. He kidnapped Peach because Bowser made him think that Peach was his mother, and he had to keep her safe. He later finds out that Peach is not actually his mother, but he still wants to fight Mario again in the future to make his father proud.

He later appears in *New Super Mario Bros.*, where he is the boss of the tower levels at the middle of each world.

Bowser Jr. appears in *Super Mario Galaxy*, where he helps his father in battling Mario. He also has three worlds of his own.

Bowser Jr. makes an appearance in *New Super Mario Bros. Wii* along with the Koopalings, where he appears on an airship (a type of flying ship).

Jr. appears in *Super Mario Galaxy 2*, where he helps his father in battling Mario like in *Super Mario Galaxy*.

He also appears in *New Super Mario Bros. U*, along with the Koopalings and his father. He does the same in 'New Super Luigi U*.

Bowser Jr. appears *Super Mario 3D World + Bowser’s Fury* as an ally to Mario to help him defeat Bowser in an enraged form where he cannot control himself.

Bowser Jr. also appears a lot in the *Mario* spin-off games. He appears in *Mario Kart: Double Dash!!* and *Mario Kart Wii*. He also appears in some of the *Mario* sports games. He appears as a mini-boss in *Mario Party 9*. He has his own space on the boards where players have to play a minigame with him. He appears in *Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games* along with its sequel *Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games*, and *Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games*. He appears in *Paper Mario: Sticker Star* as a boss, and in *Mario & Luigi: Dream Team'' as a boss in the Battle Ring. He has appeared in nearly every spin-off title since his introduction.

## References
## Other websites
*Bowser Jr. on Super Mario Wiki
Boiler

]]

A **boiler** is a device used to heat water or other fluids until it boils or before boiling point. The heated or vaporized fluid is then used for various process applications, such as central heating, power generation, cooking, and sanitation. 

Hot water boilers heat water for the purpose of domestic or commercial heating and hot water supply.

Steam boilers generate steam in order to power turbines for power generation and various other industrial heating applications.

## Fuel
The source of the heat for boiler can be from coal, oil, wood, rejected heat or natural gas.

## Types
The different types of boilers find their use in different applications.
* Fire-tube boiler
* Flash boiler
* Flued boiler
* Water-tube boiler
* System boiler
* Combi boiler

## Steam heating
Where steam is required for space heating, the boiler is often called a *steam generator*. A niche application was for heating railroad passenger cars while steam locomotives were being phased out. The steam generator would be oil-fired on diesel locomotives or electrically heated on electric locomotives.  Steam heating is now uncommon on trains. Modern trains are usually heated by electric heaters.

## References
Taiwan Power Company

]]

**Taiwan Power Company** (**Taipower**; ) is a company owned by the government of the Republic of China. It provides electricity to Taiwan, including the islands of Penghu, Kinmen and Lienchiang. The company was established on May 1946.

## References
## Other website
* Taipower
Pat Tanaka

**Patrick "Pat" Tanaka** (born August 5, 1961) is an American professional wrestler.

He is best known for working with American Wrestling Association where he was one half of Badd Company and the World Wrestling Federation where he was one half of The Orient Express.

While in AWA, he won the AWA World Tag Team Championship as a member of Badd Company on March 19, 1988 when they defeated the Midnight Rockers. The team held the championships for a year and the lost them to the Olympians (Brad Rheingans and Ken Patera) on March 25, 1989.

## Championships
***American Wrestling Association**
**AWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Paul Diamond)
***Continental Wrestling Association**
**AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Paul Diamond and Jeff Jarrett (one))
**CWA/AWA International Tag Team Championship (five times) (with Paul Diamond (four) and Jeff Jarrett (one))
***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**He was ranked **#355** of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.
**He was ranked **#99** of the 100 best tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Paul Diamond in 2003.
***Universal Wrestling Association**
**UWA/UWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Bulldog K.T.)

## References
Galahad

**Sir Galahad** is a character from Arthurian legend- a knight of the Round Table and the son of Sir Lancelot. Legend says that Galahad searched for and later found the Holy Grail earning him the name 'The Grail Knight', as he was the only one on earth considered by God worthy of finding the Holy Grail. It is said that when he drank from the grail, he was surrounded by light and ascended to heaven. His uncle was king Pelle and Galahad's father was actually Sir Lancelot. 

Galahad was also very noble and loyal, and was renowned as a talented swordsman. Galahad was known as the perfect knight.
Zola Jesus

**Nika Roza Danilova** (born April 11, 1989), better known as **Zola Jesus**, is an American singer-songwriter. She has released three albums.  

## Early life
Danilova was born in Phoenix, Arizona to Russian parents. She was raised in Merrill, Wisconsin.

## Career
In 2008 Danilova released Poor Sons.

In 2009, she made her first album, *The Spoils*, in her apartment. Sacred Bones Records released it in 2010. *Pitchfork* gave it a score of 7.6/10. 

In March 2010 *Stridulum* was released. It was an EP of six songs. 

Her second album *Stridulum II* was released in August 2010. It was her first album in the UK. In October 2010, she released an extended play called *Valusia*.

Her third album *Conatus* was released in October 2011. Danilova sang on "New France" on Orbital's 2012 album *Wonky*. 

In August 2013 *Versions* was released.

## References