open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Atom (Al Pratt)

**Al Pratt** is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by Bill O'Connor and Ben Flinton, first appearing in *All-American Comics* #19 (1940). The character was the first superhero to call himself the **Atom**, later succeeded by Ray Palmer. Originally a Calvin College student taking the name because of his diminutive stature, he was an incredible physical combatant despite his appearance and later gained superhuman strength. His son **Damage** was conceived with his wife Mary Pratt, and his godson later became his successor as **Atom Smasher**. He was a founding member of the Justice Society of America and the All-Star Squadron.

## In other media 
The character made his live-action debut in the television series *Smallville*, played by Glenn Hoffman. Henry Winkler cameoed as the character in the DC Extended Universe movie *Black Adam* (2022).
Atom (Ray Palmer)

**Ray Palmer** is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by Gardner Fox and Gil Kane, first appearing in *Showcase* #34 (1961). The character is the second super-hero to call himself the **Atom**, successor to Al Pratt.

## Fictional character biography 
Originally a physics professor working at Ivy University, he develops equipment to shrink himself to subatomic levels using white dwarf star material. His wife is Jean Loring, and he is frequently partnered with his closest friend Hawkman. Palmer would have multiple successors some of whom he has worked alongside, including Adam Cray and Ryan Choi. He has been a member of the Justice League of America, Suicide Squad, Teen Titans and Indigo Tribe.

## In other media 
In the CW's *Arrowverse*, the character of Ray Palmer is portrayed by Brandon Routh. The character is a part of the Legends of Tomorrow. Routh has also played Superman in *Superman Returns* and voiced David "Hesh" Walker in *Call of Duty: Ghosts*.
Atom (Adam Cray)

**Adam Cray** is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by John Ostrander and Luke McDonnell, first appearing in *Suicide Squad* #44 (1990). The character is the second incarnation of the **Atom** and has been a member of the Suicide Squad.

## Fictional character biography 
Adam Cray, son of the murdered Senator Joseph Cray, first appeared as the Atom in the pages of *Suicide Squad* #44 by John Ostrander (August 1990). Cray was initially believed to be Ray Palmer in disguise by members of the team. Cray had been recruited by Palmer (who faked his own death) to apprehend the Micro Squad, a group of villains that had been reduced in size. Palmer intended to use Cray to uncover a shadowy government cabal which was using Palmer to discover the secret identities of other costumed heroes (Palmer's own identity no longer being secret). While Palmer infiltrated the Micro Squad, Cray would attract the attention of the Cabal as the new Atom so that no one would notice Palmer assuming the identity of a fallen Micro Squad member.

Adam Cray remained with the Suicide Squad briefly, serving as a secret weapon whose existence was unknown to others of the Squad. Cray saves Amanda Waller from a group of assassins. At one point, Cray approaches Deadshot about his role in Senator Cray's murder. Later, Cray is impaled through the chest with a screw by Blacksnake, a Micro Squad member who believes him to be Palmer.

After the unanticipated murder of Cray, Palmer reveals himself and defeats Cray's murderer. The ruse ended, Palmer explains himself to the Justice League, who had been searching for him after hearing rumors of a new Atom.

During the events of *Blackest Night*, Adam's corpse is reanimated as a member of the Black Lantern Corps alongside several other fallen Suicide Squad members. Following his reanimation, Adam and the other Black Lanterns travel to Belle Reve and attack Bane and Black Alice. Adam is apparently destroyed by the Manhunter's self-destruct mechanism, unleashing an explosion of Green Lantern energy that eradicates the Black Lanterns.

In DC Rebirth, Adam Cray is the son of Senator Cray and Ryan Choi's roommate at Ivy University. Senator Cray also attended Ivy and expected Adam to attend Ivy as well. He first meets Ryan when he walks into their dorm with heavy luggage and kindly introduces himself. Adam teaches Ryan how to play rugby and video games.

## Powers and abilities 
Like others who carry the name Atom, Cray had the power to shrink. The lower limits of this power are unknown. He is also a hand-to-hand combatant.
Atom (Ryan Choi)

**Ryan Choi** is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by Grant Morrison and Gail Simone using a costume designed by Gil Kane, first appearing in *Brave New World* #1 (2006). 

## Fictional character biography 
The character is the fourth super-hero to call himself the **Atom**, an Asian-American physics professor with the ability to shrink himself to subatomic levels. The protégé and later partner of his predecessor Ray Palmer, he was born in Hong Kong although later began teaching at Ivy University. He has been involved with the Justice League, Lighter Than Air Society and Challengers from Beyond.
Muslim Ghosi

The **Ghosi** are a Muslim Ahir community found mainly in parts of Northern India. The HinduGhosis who embraced Islam (Sunni sect) came be known as Muslim Ghosi. The meaning of Ghosi (Sanskrit *ghosa*, root *ghush*) is "to shout" as he herds his cattle and shouts behind them. The Ghosi herdsmen community also claims a gujar origin.

## Overview
The Ghosi are associated with the occupation cattle rearing and the selling of milk. According to ethnographies written by British civil servants such as H.A. Rose and Denzil Ibbetson, the Ghosi are Hindu Ahirs converted to Islam. Edward Albert Gait stats that Ghosi and Gaddi are branches of Mohammadan Ahirs are chiefly occupied in pasturing cattle. A small number of Ghosi are also found in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
## History
### Origin
The Ghosis claim descent from the Ahir community, and indeed are known as Muslim Ahirs.
## References
Happiness Is a Warm Gun

"**Happiness Is a Warm Gun**" is a 1968 song by The Beatles and is the eighth track from their ninth studio and double album *The Beatles*. It was written and sung by John Lennon and is credited to Lennon-McCartney. It was banned by the BBC and was covered by U2, Phish, World Party, The Breeders and Tori Amos.

## References
Lilly, Do You Want to Know a Secret?

**"Lilly, Do You Want to Know a Secret?"** is the first episode of *Hannah Montana*. It is where Miley Stewart, played by Miley Cyrus, tells her best friend Lilly that she is Hannah Montana, a teen pop star
.
Inventing the Abbotts

***Inventing the Abbotts*** is a 1997 American romantic drama movie directed by Pat O'Connor and was based on the short story of the same name by Sue Miller. It stars Liv Tyler, Jennifer Connelly, Joaquin Phoenix, Billy Crudup, Will Patton, Kathy Baker, Joanna Going and Michael Keaton. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Pedra Bonita

Pedra Bonita is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the mesoregion of Zona da Mata and to the microregion of Manhuaçu. As of 2020, the estimated population was 7,128.[1]

## References
See See Rider

"**See See Rider Blues**" also known as "**Easy Rider**" is a 1924 blues song by Ma Rainey at Paramount Records studios. It was recorded as a traditional blues standard lyrics and was covered by Lead Belly, Chuck Willis, LaVern Baker, Elvis Presley, The Animals, Eric Burdon and Old Crow Medicine Show. It was received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 2004.
Piotr Piątek

**Piotr Piątek** (born 17 February 1982) is an archer from Poland. Piątek competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## References
Fools of Fortune

***Fools of Fortune*** is a 1990 Irish romantic drama movie directed by Pat O'Connor and was based on the 1983 novel of the same name by William Trevor. It stars Iain Glen, Sean T. McClory, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Julie Christie, Amy Hastings and Michael Kitchen.

## Other websites 
*
Circle of Friends (1995 movie)

***Circle of Friends*** is a 1995 Irish British American drama movie directed by Pat O'Connor and was based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Maeve Binchy. It stars Chris O'Donnell, Minnie Driver, Geraldine O'Rawe, Saffron Burrows, Colin Firth, Alan Cumming and was a box office success.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Faora

**Faora** is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. 

## Publication history 
She was created by Cary Bates and Curt Swan, first appearing in *Action Comics* #471 (1977).

## Fictional character biography 
The character was a Kryptonian serial killer notorious for her hatred of men and an antagonist to Superman. She was captured and sentenced to life imprisonment, surviving the destruction of Krypton in the Phantom Zone. Her closest partners among the Phantom Zoners became General Zod and Jax-Ur. The name **Faora** was also used by an agent of the second General Zod in Pokolistan.

## In other media 
Faora appears in the television series *Smallville*, portrayed by Erica Durance and Sharon Taylor. Faora appeared in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) movies *Man of Steel* (2013) and *The Flash* (2023), portrayed by Antje Traue.
Omar Abu Shawish

**Omar Fares Abu Shawish** (Arabic: عمر فارس ابو شاويش) (March 1987 – 7 October 2023) was a Palestinian poet, journalist and novelist. He also wrote a number of patriotic and humanitarian songs, which spread widely during the war on Gaza in 2008. He was killed in Nuseirat Camp by an Israeli airstrike in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.
## Biography
Omar was born in the Nuseirat camp on March 22, 1987. His family origins go back to the village of Barqa, which Israel occupied during the Barak operation in May 1948. He studied in the schools of the Nuseirat camp, and obtained a bachelor’s degree of Journalism from Al-Azhar University in Gaza Strip. His father, Faris Abu Shawish, is a well-known athlete who has held several positions in the Palestinian Football Association.
## Death
He was killed on October 7, 2023 during an air strike carried out by the Israeli Air Force on the Gaza Strip, during the Israeli response to Operation Al-Aqsa Flood. The Palestinian Ministry of Culture and the **General Union of Palestinian Writers and Journalists** mourned him by publishing letters bidding him farewell and offering sincere condolences to his family.
## References
Storm Pia

**Storm Pia** was a powerful windstorm that affected Northwest Europe in December 2023. Storm Pia was named by the Danish Meteorological Institute. 

## Impact
### Damages
At Schiphol Airport more than 200 flights were cancelled due to the storm. 

Many ferries, trains and flights were cancelled, and many bridges were closed.
Roads had to be cleared from fallen trees and overturned lorries. And many households were left without power due to downed power lines. 

### Flooding
In the Netherlands multiple coastal places flooded due to high tides caused by a storm surge.

Parts of Germany also experienced flooding.

### Fatalities
## Highest wind gust per country
## References
Musée d'histoire urbaine et sociale de Suresnes

The '''Musée d'histoire urbaine et sociale de Suresnes'''  is a museum in Suresnes. It is dedicated to the evolution of the city, specially on the social urban planning of the 1920s and 1930s.

## References 
## Further reading 
* Musée d'histoire urbaine et sociale de Suresnes
Ramón Puello

**Ramón Puello** (born 25 August 1946) is a Dominican Republic boxer. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

## References
José Saizozema

**José Saizozema** (born 30 November 1965) is a Dominican Republic boxer. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## References
Zoltán Halász

**Zoltán Halász** (23 June 1960 – 9 August 2022) was a Hungarian cyclist. He competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

Halász died on 9 August 2022 in Szekszárd, Hungary at the age of 62.

## References
Szekszárd

**Szekszárd** (;  or ) is a city in southern Hungary. It is the capital of Tolna County. Szekszárd is the smallest county capital in Hungary by population. It is also the second-smallest county capital in Hungary by area (after Tatabánya).

## Other websites 
* Official website
Leon Schlumpf

**Leon Schlumpf** (3 February 1925 – 7 July 2012) was a Swiss politician. He was born in Felsberg.

Schlumpf was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1979. He retired on 31 December 1987. He was a member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP).

During his time in office he held the Federal Department of Transport, Communications and Energy and was President of the Confederation in 1984.

He is the father of Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, who was also elected to the Federal Council on 12 December 2007. Her became the President of the Swiss Confederation in 2012.

Schlumpf died on 7 July 2012 in the cantonal hospital of Graubünden in Chur, aged 87.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble

The **Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble** is an orchestra in North Korea. It is famous for performing revolutionary and folk songs, and is one of the most famous groups in North Korea.

On June 4, 1985, the group was founded from the electronic music section of the Mansudae Art Troupe, becoming North Korea's first electronic pop group. Its name comes from the Battle of Pochonbo, when a guerrilla unit led by Kim Il-sung attacked compounds used by Japanese occupiers in Pochonbo on June 4, 1937.

## Known members
*Hyon Song-wol - vocals (Merited Actress)
*Ri Kyong-suk - vocals (Merited Actress)
*Kim Kwang-suk (1964-2018) - vocals (People's Actress)
*Ri Pun-hui - vocals (Merited Actress)
*Jo Gum-hwa - vocals (Merited Actress)
*Chon Hye-young - vocals (People's Actress)
*Kim Jong-nyo - vocals
*Yun Hye-young - vocals
*Kim Won-il (edited out from concerts re-released around 2009, and not mentioned as a member since then) - synthesizers (People's Actor)
*Kim Hae-song - synthesizers (Merited Actor)
*Kim Mun-hyok - synthesizers (Merited Actor)
*Kwon Kyong-hak - synthesizers
*Kim Song-ryop - synthesizers
*Jon Kwon - piano (People's Artist)
*Jang Jong-won - piano
*Ri Mun - electronic organ
*Kang Chol-ho - electronic organ (Merited Actor)
*Kang Gum-chol - electronic organ
*Park Ui-hyon - guitar
*Song Kwang - guitar (Merited Actor)
*Choe Yong-chol - guitar (Merited Actor)
*Kim Yong-il - bass guitar
*Choe Mun-chol - drums (Merited Actor)
*Kim Jin (missing from footage filmed in 2015, status as a member is unknown) - percussion (Merited Actor)
*Kim Yeon-su - conductor (Merited Artist)
*Ri Jong-o (1943-2016) - conductor, major composer (People's Artist, Hero of Labour, Order of Kim Il-sung and Kim Il-sung Prize Winner)

## References
Doctors (2000 TV series)

***Doctors*** is a British medical soap opera, first broadcast on BBC One from March 26, 2000 to November 14, 2024. Filmed in Birmingham and set in the fictional West Midlands town of Letherbridge, the soap follows the lives of the staff of both an NHS doctor's surgery and a university campus surgery, as well as the lives of their families and friends. 

In October 2023, the BBC announced that *Doctors* had been cancelled due to financing issues and that the final episode would air in December 2024.

## Other website
* 
*
Ylämaa

**Ylämaa** is a former municipality in  South Karelia, Finland. It was merged with Lappeenranta on 1 January 2010.

As of 31 December 2009, 1,408 people lived there. It has an area of . Of that,  is water.

There is a strong concentration of the spectrolite in Ylämaa, which is known for its gemstones and minerals.

## Other websites 
* Municipality of Ylämaa – Official website
Urjala

**Urjala** is a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. As of 30 September 2023, 4,581 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Akaa, Forssa, Humppila, Hämeenlinna, Punkalaidun, Sastamala, Tammela and Vesilahti.

## Other websites 
* Municipality of Urjala – Official website
Jacek Proć

**Jacek Proć** (born 9 September 1981) is an archer from Poland. Proć competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## References
Philautus leitensis

The **Leyte bubble-nest frog** (*Philautus leitensis*) is a type of frog.  It lives in the Philippines.  It lives in Leyte, Behol, and a few other places. It lives in forests on mountains, not near the ocean.

This frog has a pointy nose. The breathing holes are near the end of the nose. They are not near the eyes.  There is no webbed skin on the front feet. There is webbed skin on th eback feet.  There is brown color on the lower sides of the legs.

Like other frogs in *Philautus*, this frog hatches from eggs as small froglets. It never swims as a tadpole.

There are fewer of this frog than there were in the past. Scientists say that this is because human beings cut down forests to make towns and cities, to make farms and places for animals to eat grass, and to get wood to build with.

## References
Philautus petersi

'''Peters' bubble-nest frog** or **Peter's bush frog'* (*Philautus petersi'') is a frog. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and maybe Brunei.

## References
1. FC Heidenheim

**1. FC Heidenheim 1846**, commonly called **FC Heidenheim ** or just **Heidenheim**, is a German professional football club based in Heidenheim an der Brenz, Baden-Württemberg. The club currently plays in the Bundesliga.

## References
Legion of Doom

The **Legion of Doom** is a team of super-villains and enemies to the Super Friends. They plan evil schemes from their swampy base in the Hall of Doom. There have also been several versions of this team in the DC Comics universe. Brainwave created a Legion of Doom to fight Extreme Justice and Superboy-Prime assembled one to fight the Teen Titans.

The Legion of Doom was created by Jeffrey Scott, first appearing in *Challenge of the Super Friends* episode Wanted: The Super Friends. (1978)
Bryansk school shooting

On December 7, 2023, a mass shooting happened at the Bryansk school in Bryansk, Russia. One student was killed and five others were badly hurt before the shooter killed herself. The shooter was 14-year-old Alina Afanaskina.

## References
Christ the King College, Onitsha

**Christ the King College, Onitsha** popularly known as ***Amaka Boys*** is a private mission/government owned secondary school in Onitsha.
It was founded in 2nd February, 1933 by Charles Heerey, the then late Archbishop of Onitsha.

## History
Shortened as CKC, it is one of the oldest schools in Nigeria with surrounding Schools like Queen of the Rosary College, Onitsha, Mater Amabilis, Ado Girls, Regina Pacis Model School, Dennis Memorial Grammar School.
## Administration
The school's proprietor is Valerian Okeke, Archbishop of Onitsha. The school is being managed by Rev. Fr. Celestine Arinze Okafor.
## Notable alumni
* Patrick Utomi
* Rev. Fr. Nicholas Tagbo
* Cardinal Ekandem
* Oseloka H Obaze
* Peter Obi
* Peter Odili

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Norman Osborn

, one of the most known actors for having portrayed the character.]]
**Norman Virgil Osborn**, also known as the **Green Goblin**, is one of the main antagonists of Marvel Comics, commonly as the main antagonist of the *Spider-Man* franchise and as a major antagonist in the *Avengers* comics.

## Fictional character biography 
He is the former head of the multinational corporation Oscorp and father of Harry Osborn, who became the first and most well known incarnation of the Green Goblin after ingesting a serum that increased his physical abilities yet in the process drove him to insanity.

He is widely recognized as Spider-Man's greatest, most persistent and most personal arch-nemesis, even more so than Doctor Octopus and Venom, having been responsible for more hardship and grief in the hero's life than any of his other villains (most notably the murder of Gwen Stacy; the first woman he ever truly loved). He is the main antagonist of several story arcs such as *The Night Gwen Stacy Died*, *Go Down Swinging*, *Superior-Spider-Man* and the *Clone Saga*.

Despite his status as Spider-Man's arch-nemesis, Norman has also made various appearances antagonizing other heroes such as the Avengers as well, even serving as the villainous protagonist of the company-wide *Dark Reign* storyline. He is also set to play a major role in the upcoming *Dark Web* event.

## In other media 
The character has been in various top villain lists as one of Spider-Man's greatest enemies and one of the greatest comic book villains of all time. The character's popularity has seen him appear on a variety of merchandise, inspire real-world structures (such as theme park attractions) and be referenced in a number of media. He has been adapted to serve as Spider-Man's adversary in live-action, animated, and video game incarnations. Willem Dafoe played the character in Sam Raimi's *Spider-Man* movie trilogy and reprised the role in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie *Spider-Man: No Way Home* (2021), while Chris Cooper played the character in the movie *The Amazing Spider-Man 2* (2014).
Jan Popowicz

**Jan Popowicz** (born 5 January 1948) is a Polish archer. Popowicz competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

## References
LGBT rights in Russia

In the Russian Federation, same-gender sexual activities aren't legal. Pro-LGBT advocacy are classified for being extremist. Also, most of Russia's population are not tolerant of homosexuality. Promoting homosexuality in the country is also illegal and is punishable by prison with torture up to the death penalty.

Russia does not provide any anti-discrimination for those of whom are LGBT. In fact Russia has long had views of homosexuality which are very negative and condemning. On November 30, 2023 the Russian government banned the LGBT community from protesting and spreading activism of the LGBT movement within the country.

## References
Black Widow (Claire Voyant)

**Claire Voyant** is the first **Black Widow** in the Marvel Comics universe. She was one of the superheroes who fought in World War II. Created by writer George Kapitan and artist Harry Sahle, the character first appeared in *Mystic Comics* #4 (August 1940), published by Marvel predecessor Timely Comics.

## Origin 
Claire was a spirit medium who communicated with the dead. She was possessed by Satan while having a seance with the Wagler family. During the seance a curse was place on the family then died in a car crash. One of the survivors James Wagler went to Claire's apartment and shot her in her apartment.

Her soul went to hell Satan gives Claire mystical powers and sends back to earth to avenge her death. After killing James Wagler Claire became tasked to kill evil men and send their souls to hell.
Cletus Kasady

**Cletus Cortland Kasady**, better known as **Carnage**, is one of the main antagonists in the Marvel Comics universe, serving as a major antagonist in the *Spider-Man* comic series and the secondary antagonist of the *Venom* comic book series as a whole. He is also the titular protagonist of his own series. Created by writer David Michelinie and artist Erik Larsen, the character first appeared in *The Amazing Spider-Man* #344 (March 1991).

## Fictional character biography 
He is a deranged serial killer who bonded with a symbiote, turning him into a vicious supervillain. He is the spawn and one of the arch-enemies of Venom, as well as a major enemy of Spider-Man.

## In other media 
Since his original introduction in comics, the character has been adapted into several other forms of media, such as television series and video games. Woody Harrelson portrays Cletus Kasady in the live-action Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU) movies *Venom* (2018) and *Venom: Let There Be Carnage* (2021), bonding with Carnage in the latter movie. In 2009, the Cletus Kasady version of Carnage was ranked as IGN's 90th-greatest comic book villain of all time.
Captain America: Brave New World

***Captain America: Brave New World*** is a  movie directed by  Julius Onah. It is produced by Marvel Studios and was released on February 14th, 2025.
## References
## Other websites
Hela (character)

**Hela** is the Asgardian goddess of death in the Marvel Comics universe and an enemy of Thor. She was created by the late Stan Lee and the late Jack Kirby, and first appeared in *Journey into Mystery* #102 in March 1964. 

## Fictional character biography 
She is the daughter of the Asgardian god of mischief Loki and a Frost Giantess with magical powers named Angerboda, and was set by Odin at her birth to rule Hel and Niffleheim, the Asgardian afterlife regions.

She serves as the main antagonist of the *Avengers Prime* Mini-series, the seven issue series *Angela: Queen of Hel*, and as one of the main antagonists in the 2019 *Guardians of the Galaxy*.

She is based on the ancient Norse goddess of the same name.

## In other media 
Hela made her live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie *Thor: Ragnarok* (2017), portrayed by Cate Blanchett.
Taiwanese Hokkien

at home in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen & Matsu in 2010.]]
**Taiwanese Hokkien** or **Taiwanese Minnan** (臺灣閩南語), also known as **Taigi** or **Taiwanese**, is a type of Hokkien language spoken in Taiwan. Many Taiwanese people who came from southern Fujian speak it. It's one of the major languages used in Taiwan as about 70% of Taiwanese people speak it.

Taiwanese is similar to Amoy Hokkien, Quanzhou Hokkien, and Zhangzhou Hokkien, as well as their versions in Southeast Asia like Singaporean Hokkien and Philippine Hokkien. It's easy to understand for about 3 million people, including those who speak Amoy Hokkien and Zhangzhou Hokkien in mainland China and Philippine Hokkien in the south. The popularity of Hokkien media from Taiwan has made the Taiwanese version more well-known, especially since the 1980s.

## Classification 
Taiwanese Hokkien is a type of Hokkien, which is a Southern Min language. Like many Min varieties, it has different types of words for formal and informal use. The formal words are from the late Tang dynasty and can be related to Middle Chinese. The informal words are believed to have come from the mainstream of Chinese around the time of the Han dynasty.

The variations within the Taiwanese variant come from Hokkien spoken in Southern Fujian, particularly from Quanzhou and Zhangzhou, and later Amoy. Taiwanese also has words from Japanese and the native Formosan languages. Some scholars claim that part of the basic vocabulary of colloquial Taiwanese is related to the Austronesian and Tai language families, but this is debated.

The formal Hokkien language once thrived in Fujian and was brought to Taiwan by early immigrants. Tale of the Lychee Mirror, a series of plays published in 1566, is one of the earliest known works in this language. However, this form of language is mostly extinct now.

## References
Happy Hogan (character)

has portrayed the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise.]]
**Harold Joseph "Happy" Hogan** is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted usually as a supporting character in stories featuring Iron Man and is also the father of Teen Abomination.

## In other media 
Director Jon Favreau portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies *Iron Man* (2008), *Iron Man 2* (2010), *Iron Man 3* (2013), *Spider-Man: Homecoming* (2017), *Avengers: Endgame* and *Spider-Man: Far From Home* (both 2019), and reprised his role in the third Spider-Man movie, *Spider-Man: No Way Home* (2021). Favreau also voices alternate reality versions of the character in the Disney+ animated series *What If...?* (2021).
Cimolichthys

***Cimolichthys*** is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. It lived during the Upper Cretaceous.

## Species 
* *Cimolichthys anceps* Cope, 1872
* *Cimolichthys nepaholica* Cope, 1872
* *Cimolichthys gladiolus* Cope, 1872
* *Cimolichthys levesiensis* Leidy, 1857
* *Cimolichthys semianceps* Cope, 1872
* *Cimolichthys sulcatus* Cope, 1872

## Description 
Their bodies were covered by large, heavy scutes. Typical of this species are narrow lower jaws with several series of teeth. If *Cimolichthys* existed, it would look like the pikes we see in freshwater lakes.

## Distribution 
You can find *Cimolichthys* fossils in Cretaceous strata of North America (Canada and United States) and Europe.

## Related pages 
* List of prehistoric bony fish genera

## Explanatory notes 
# All of the species except *C. levesiensis* were discovered by Cope in 1872.

## References 
# Paleobiology Database 
# Silva, Hilda, and Valéria Gallo. "Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of Enchodontoidei (Teleostei: Aulopiformes)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83.2 (2011): 483-511.

## Other websites 
* Sepkoski, Jack Sepkoski's Online Genus Database
Martin Goodman (publisher)

**Martin Goodman** (born as **Moe Goodman**, January 18, 1908 – June 6, 1992) was an American publisher of pulp magazines, paperback books, men's adventure magazines, and comic books. He launched the company that would become Marvel Comics. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States.

## References
Long-finned pike

The **long-finned pike** or **yellowfin pike** (*Dinolestes lewini*) is a species of perciform fish. It is the only member in the genus ***Dinolestes***, as well as the family **Dinolestidae**.

## Description 
It is an elongated, silver to yellowish-brown fish with a pointed snout. It probably resembles a short barracuda. It has large eyes and a large mouth with a slightly protruding lower jaw.

It grows up to 84 cm (33 in) in total length.

## Distribution 
It's found in the coastal waters of southern Australia, including New South Wales, at depths between 5 and 65 m (16 and 213 ft).

## Related pages 
* List of fish common names

## References 
# Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Dinolestidae" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
# Long-finned Pike - Education and Science - Busselton Jetty .
# Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "*Dinolestes lewini*" in FishBase. April 2013 version.
# Long-finned pike (Dinolestes lewini) - Pictures and facts.
Punkalaidun

**Punkalaidun** is a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. As of 30 September 2023, 2,646 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Huittinen, Humppila, Loimaa, Urjala and Sastamala.

## Other websites 
* Municipality of Punkalaidun – Official website
2024 Taiwan presidential election

The **16th President and Vice President election of the Republic of China** () took place on Taiwan on 13 January 2024.  Voters elected the President and Vice President.

There are three groups of nominees in this election. According to their registration numbers, they are Party Chairman Ko Wen-je(Chinese: 柯文哲)  and non-district legislator(Chinese: 不分區立委) Cynthia Wu/Wu Hsin-ying(Chinese: 吳欣盈 )  (commonly known as "Ko-Wu Mates（柯吳配）" or "Ko-Ying Mates（柯盈配）") recommended by the Taiwan People's Party(TPP), and Vice President and Party Chairman William Lai/Lai Ching-te(Chinese: 賴清德 )  and former Representative to the United States Hsiao Bi-khim(Chinese: 蕭美琴) (commonly known as "Lai-Hsiao Mates（賴蕭配）" or "Bi-Te Mates('Viture Mates')（美德配）") recommended by the Democratic Progressive Party(DPP), as well as Mayor of New Taipei City Hou Yu-ih(Chinese: 侯友宜) and Broadcasting Corporation of China Chairman Jaw Shaw-kong(Chinese: 趙少康) (commonly known as "Hou-Jaw Mates（侯趙配）"or "Hou-Kong Mates（侯康配）" ) recommended by the Chinese Kuomintang(KMT).

William Lai finally won the presidential election as Vice President. This election set a lot of historical records. It was the first presidential election since 2000 in which no nominee received more than half of the votes. It was also the first time since direct elections that a nominne from the same political party was elected for the third time continuously, breaking the previous precedent of political parties rotating every eight years.

## Candidates
### Democratic Progressive Party
#### Nominees
### Kuomintang
#### Nominees
### Taiwan People's Party
#### Nominees
### Other parties and independents
#### Withdrawn candidates
* **Wang Chien-shien** (independent), President of Control Yuan (2008–2014)
* **Su Huan-chih** (Taiwan Renewal Party), Tainan County Magistrate (2001–2010)
Terry Gou, founder and CEO of Foxconn, and artist Lai Pei-hsia officially launched a citizen petition on September 17, 2023, as independent nominees for president and vice president, and passed the signature threshold on November 14 to obtain the qualifications to register for the election. However, On the 24th of the same month, they jointly announced their withdrawal from the candidacy. They were the first group of co-signatories to pass the co-signatory threshold but not register to run since the Republic of China switched to direct citizen election for the president.

## Polling
, Hou Yu-ih and Ko Wen-je.]]

## References
Secret Six (comics)

**Secret Six** is a name that has been used by several teams in the DC Comics universe. The original version was a group of adventurers blackmailed into working together by their mysterious leader Mockingbird. *Villains United* introduced a new version of this team entirely consisting of super-villains. This team was put together by Lex Luthor posing as Mockingbird to take down the Secret Society of Super-Villains, and they used the House of Secrets as their base. The original *Secret Six* was created by E. Nelson Bridwell and Frank Springer, first appearing in *Secret Six* #1. (1968) The villain team was created by Gail Simone, first appearing in *Villains United* #1. (2005) An earlier version predating the others appeared in *Doll Man* #36. (1951)
2011–12 Red Bull Salzburg season

The **2011–12 Red Bull Salzburg season** brought the 7th title for Salzburg and the 4th since the Red Bull takeover. They won the cup for the first time in the club history.
## Squad
## Matches
## Table
## Austrian Cup
## Europa League qualification
## Europa League, Group F
## Round of 32
## Friendly matches
## Topscorer
## References
Wild Honey (U2 song)

"**Wild Honey**" is a 2000 song by Irish rock group U2. It is the seventh track from their 10th studio album ''All That You Can't Leave Behind* and has a more pop sounding to the album. It was played during the Elevation Tour. It was featured in the 2001 movie *Vanilla Sky''.

## References
Manchester Gorton (UK Parliament constituency)

**Manchester Gorton** is a Manchester Parliamentary constituency in  the British House of Commons. It was set up in 1885. The boundaries have been changed over the years.  Since 1935 it has always had a Labour MP. Gerald Kaufman was the MP from 1983 until his death in 2017. Since 2017 the Member of parliament is Afzal Khan. 

There are seven wards of the City of Manchester in the constituency: Fallowfield, Gorton North, Gorton South, Levenshulme, Longsight, Rusholme and Whalley Range wards.

The Boundary Commission review in 2023 decided to abolish it.  From the next General Election Gorton, Levenshulme and Longsight will be included with the town of Denton in a new constituency called Gorton and Denton.  Fallowfield, Rusholme and Whalley Range will be part of the re-established constituency of Manchester Rusholme.

## References
Strong (Robbie Williams song)

"**Strong**" is a 1999 song by Robbie Williams and is the third single from his second studio album ''I've Been Expecting You''. It went to number 4 in the United Kingdom and Scotland, number 12 in Ireland, number 9 in New Zealand, number 15 in Poland, number 8 in Hungary, number 7 in Iceland and number 55 in the Netherlands.

## Track listings
**UK CD single**
# "Strong"
# "Let Me Entertain You" (live at the Brit Awards '99)
# "Happy Song"
# "Let Me Entertain You" (live at the Brit Awards '99 video)

**UK cassette single**
# "Strong"
# "Let Me Entertain You" (live at the Brit Awards '99)
# "Happy Song"

**European CD single**
# "Strong"
# "Let Me Entertain You" (live at the Brit Awards '99)
# "Let Me Entertain You" (live at the Brit Awards '99 video)

## References
Maria Szeliga

**Maria Szeliga** (born 8 November 1952) is a Polish archer. She competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## References
Just Good Friends (song)

"**Just Good Friends**" is a 1987 song duet by American recording artist Michael Jackson and musician Stevie Wonder. It is the fifth track from Jackson's seventh studio album *Bad* and was the only track not released as a single. It is the second track on the album to feature a duet including "I Just Can't Stop Loving You".

## References
Boundary Commission

There are four **boundary commission**s in the United Kingdom, one each for England,  Scotland,  Wales and  Northern Ireland. They are non-departmental public bodies. Their job is to decide the boundaries of constituencies for elections to the House of Commons. 

The Speaker of the House of Commons is officially chair of each of them. The Speaker does not play any part in the reviews. A High Court judge is appointed to each boundary commission as deputy chair.

The commissions report to parliament every eight years. 

The rules they follow are set out in the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986, as amended by the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and  the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020.   There are 650 constituencies. 

Local authority areas and electoral areas are reviewed by the separate but similarly named:

* Local Government Boundary Commission for England
* Boundaries Scotland
* Local Government Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland
* Local Democracy and Boundary Commission for Wales

## References
Hou Yu-ih

**Hou Yu-ih** (; born on 7 June 1957) is a Taiwanese politician. He is the Mayor of New Taipei. 

## References
Taiwan People's Party

The '''Taiwan People's Party** (**TPP''', ) is a Centre-left political party in Taiwan (Republic of China).

## Legislative election
## Other websites
*Taiwan People's Party Official Website
Dead link

A "dead link" is a internet link (otherwise called a 'hyperlink') or URL which no longer directs to anything or directs to something that doesn't exist. For example, the link 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/' does in fact exist, but https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple does not. Or, for even better example, https://youtube.com/ does exist, however https://youtube.com/what_and_huh does not exist.
Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine

The **Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine**  was an anarchist army that fought in the Russian Civil War. It was led by Nestor Makhno, its Commander-in-Chief.

## History
Anarchist insurgents first came together in 1918, when Ukraine was invaded by the Central Powers. They beat the Austro-Hungarian Empire in battle and captured a lot of the south of Ukraine. They then joined the Red Army and fought against the White Army. But the insurgents disliked their Red Army commanders, the Bolsheviks.

In 1919, the White Army invaded Ukraine and the Red Army withdrew from the country. The Insurgent Army went west to escape the White offensive. The insurgents formed a truce with the nationalists led by Symon Petliura. They then fought back against the Whites and beat them in battle. By the end of 1919, the Insurgent Army took over most of the south and east of Ukraine.

In 1920, the Red Army invaded Ukraine and attacked the Insurgent Army. When the Whites attacked Ukraine again, the Red and Insurgent armies formed an alliance. The two attacked the Whites and beat them in Crimea. The Red Army then turned against the Insurgent Army again. The insurgents fought a guerrilla war against the Reds. By August 1921, the Insurgent Army was beaten. Nestor Makhno fled Ukraine.

## Bibliography
* 
* 
*
Bellegarde, Tarn

**Bellegarde** is a former commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bellegarde-Marsal.

## References
2023 Chilean constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum happened in Chile on 17 December 2023. The referendum was to see if the public liked a new constitution drafted by an  committee of experts and improved by an elected Constitutional Council. The new constitution was  by the Council on 30 October and the referendum happened on 17 December.

The proposed constitution was  by a 12-point margin, with 56% of the voters voting against the constitution and 44% voting for it.

## References
Bellegarde-Marsal

**Bellegarde-Marsal** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Bellegarde (the seat) and Marsal.

## References
ITVX

**ITVX**, (previously called **ITV Hub**), is an online service developed by ITV which lets you catch up on the last week's television and radio. The service can be used from computers on the ITV website. It can also be used from games consoles, cable television, smart phones and tablets.

ITV Hub was launched on 25 June 2008, On 18 November 2022 it was renamed to ITVX.

## References 
## Other websites
* ITVX
* ITVX Help
Yakima River

The **Yakima River** is a river in Washington state, United States. It flows into the Columbia River and is named after the Yakama people. Lewis and Clark wrote in their journals that the Sahaptin people called it *Tâpe têtt*, possibly from the French word tape-tête, meaning "head hit". The river starts in the Cascade Range at an elevation of 2,449 feet (746 m) near Easton.

The river is 214 miles long and has an average drop of 9.85 feet per mile. It starts in the Cascade Range at Keechelus Dam near Snoqualmie Pass, then flows through Easton and Yakima, and joins the Columbia River in Richland, creating the Yakima River Delta. The Yakima River valley is famous for its wine.

## River development 
The Yakima River and its streams have been changed a lot for farming. Many dams and canals for irrigation have been built. Sometimes, water used for irrigation goes back to the river through drains. This irrigation system affects the river's flow, causing both low and high water levels compared to how it used to be. The USGS has four gauges to measure the river's flow. The highest flow, 3,542 cubic feet per second, is recorded in Union Gap, halfway up the river. The two gauges downstream show lower average flows.

## References
October 2023 Tulkarm raid

The **Invasion of Tulkarm** or **The Raid in Tulkarm** in month of October 2023 was a large Israeli military operation, launched by the IDF at dawn on October 19, 2023 in the city of Tulkarm and the city’s two camps (Nur Shams Camp and Tulkarm Camp). The invasion continued for two days, i.e. till October 20, 2023, and during the operation 13 Palestinians were killed and at least 25 others were injured. One Israeli police officer was also killed with 10 others wounded by an IED. The invasion came on the thirteenth day of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.

## Related pages
* 2002 Jenin massacre

## Notes
## References
Rawon

**Rawon** is a type of Indonesian beef soup from East Java. This dish has a history of more than 1,000 years and is known as a typical East Javanese food. It gets its dark color and nutty taste from the black keluak nut, which is the main spice used. The soup is made by mixing garlic, shallots, keluak, ginger, candlenut, turmeric, red chili, and salt, and cooking them in oil. This mixture is then added to boiled beef stock with pieces of beef.

To add flavor, lemongrass, galangal, bay leaves, kaffir lime leaves, and sugar are included. The keluak gives rawon its special dark or black color. The soup is often topped with green onion and fried shallot and is served with rice. Other toppings can include bean sprouts, preserved salted egg, krupuk, and fried black-eyed peas.

Rawon is a dish with a long history, dating back to ancient Java. It was mentioned as rarawwan in an old Javanese Taji inscription from the time of the Mataram Kingdom around 901 CE.

## References
Australia–New Zealand soccer rivalry

The **Australia–New Zealand soccer rivalry** is a soccer rivalry between the Australia men's national soccer team (the Socceroos) and the New Zealand men's national football team (the All Whites), as well as between the Australia women's national soccer team (the Matildas) and the New Zealand women's national football team (the Football Ferns). It is one of many sports rivalries between Australia and New Zealand, which are rivalries because the two countries are close to each other and are culturally very similar.

The first match New Zealand played was against a team representing the state of New South Wales, with New Zealand losing 1–0 before playing them again and drawing 3–3. The first official international match for both teams was played in 1922. New Zealand won the match 3–1. This led to the creation of the Soccer Ashes.

Australia is by far the more successful team in both men's and women's soccer matches.

## Overall summary
## Related pages
* Australia–New Zealand relations
* Australia–New Zealand sports rivalries

## References
Australia–Japan football rivalry

The **Australia–Japan football rivalry** or the **Australia–Japan soccer rivalry** is an association football rivalry between the Australia men's national soccer team (the Socceroos) and the Japan national football team, as well as between the Australia women's national soccer team (the Matildas) and the Japan women's national football team.

The reason for the rivalry is due to Australia and Japan being two of the "Big Four" nations in the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), the other two being Saudi Arabia and South Korea. These are the four most successful Asian countries in international soccer.

## Related pages
* Australia–Japan relations
Australia–Uruguay football rivalry

The **Australia–Uruguay football rivalry** or the **Australia–Uruguay soccer rivalry** () is an association football rivalry between the Australia men's national soccer team (the Socceroos) and the Uruguay national football team. It dates back to 1974, when Uruguay travelled to Australia for a two-game series before Australia made their FIFA World Cup debut at the 1974 tournament in West Germany.

## Related pages
* Australia–Uruguay relations

## References
Sydney Derby

The **Sydney Derby** is a soccer rivalry in the A-League Men, the A-League Women and the A-League Youth. It is between the first two Sydney clubs in the A-League: Sydney FC and Western Sydney Wanderers FC. It is one of the largest rivalries in Australian soccer, having been compared to European football rivalries.
Eva Lawler

**Eva Dina Lawler** is an Australian politician. She has served as the 13th and current Chief Minister of the Northern Territory and as leader of the Territory Labor Party since 21 December 2023, after Natasha Fyles resigned the day before. She has represented the seat of Drysdale in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly since 2016.

She used to serve as the Minister for Education, Treasurer and Minister for Infrastructure. Before she became a politician, Lawler worked as a school teacher and later as a school principal.

## References
The Big Blue (A-League Men)

**The Big Blue** is a soccer rivalry in the A-League Men, the A-League Women and the A-League Youth. It is played between Melbourne Victory FC and Sydney FC, originally the two most successful and the two most popular clubs in the A-League (Sydney FC being the most successful and the most popular, while Melbourne Victory was once the second-most successful and the second-most popular). It is one of the largest rivalries in the A-Leagues.
Melbourne Derby

The **Melbourne Derby** is a soccer rivalry in the A-League Men, the A-League Women and the A-League Youth. It is between the two original Melbourne-based clubs in the A-League: Melbourne City FC (formerly Melbourne Heart FC) and Melbourne Victory FC.
F3 Derby

The **F3 Derby** is a soccer rivalry in the A-League Men, the A-League Women and the A-League Youth. It is played between Central Coast Mariners FC and Newcastle Jets FC. It is the oldest derby in the A-League, and the reason that it is a rivalry is because the two clubs were the only two original clubs based outside a capital city.

The rivalry is named after the Pacific Motorway (M1) which connects Newcastle to Sydney via the Central Coast. It was originally called the F3 Freeway.