open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
The Secret of Us

***The Secret of Us*** is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams, released on June 21, 2024, by Interscope Records. It was mostly produced by Abrams and American musician Aaron Dessner.

Two singles—"Risk" and "Close to You" came out before the album's release. "I Love You, I'm Sorry" was released as the third single months later. It became Abrams' first song to reach the top-20 region of the United States' *Billboard* Hot 100. American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, appears on the track "Us" as a featured guest.

## References
Us (Gracie Abrams song)

"**Us**" (stylized as "**us.**") is a song by the American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams from her second studio album, *The Secret of Us* (2024). The track also includes singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, who wrote it with Abrams.

"Us" is the first time that Gracie Abrams and Taylor Swift worked together. The song was written during Abrams' time as an opening act for Swift during the Eras Tour in 2023.

## References
The Secret of Us Tour

**The Secret of Us Tour** is the ongoing fourth concert tour by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams, in support of her second studio album, *The Secret of Us* (2024). The tour began on September 5, 2024, in Portland, United States. It will end on August 27, 2025, in Mexico City, Mexico.

## References
Close to You (Gracie Abrams song)

"**Close to You**" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams for her second studio album, *The Secret of Us* (2024). The song was released through Interscope Records on June 7, 2024. It is the second single from the album.

"Close to You" became Abrams' first solo entry on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 and peaked within the top 40 in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. She performed the song The Secret of Us Tour (2024–2025) and Taylor Swift The Eras Tour (2024).

Abrams first posted a 20-second clip of "Close to You" on her Instagram account in 2017. She never originally meant for it to be officially released.

## References
Everywhere, Everything

"**Everywhere, Everything**" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Noah Kahan, for his third studio album *Stick Season*. It was released on October 14, 2022. The track was written and produced by Kahan, along with Gabe Simon. 

A duet version of the song, with singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams, was released on December 1, 2023, as the fourth single from the album's 2024 expanded edition, subtitled *Forever*.

## References
Good Riddance Tour

**Good Riddance Tour** was the third concert tour by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was to support of her first studio album, *Good Riddance* (2023). The tour began on March 6, 2023, in Chicago, United States, and ended on January 22, 2024, in Melbourne, Australia.

## References
Good Riddance (album)

***Good Riddance*** is the debut studio album by the American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released on February 24, 2023, through Interscope Records. A deluxe edition of the album with four bonus tracks was released on June 16, 2023.

*Good Riddance* is a pop album. Some main themes of the album is guilt, heartbreak, self-identity, personal accountability, and coming of age.

It was promoted by three singles and the Good Riddance Tour, which passed across North America, Europe, and Australia. 

It received positive reviews, with critics liking Abrams's singing and songs, however not many liked the way it was produced.

## References
Irish Albums Chart

The **Irish Albums Chart** is the Irish music industry standard albums popularity chart. It is issued weekly by the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA). The charts were made on behalf of IRMA by Chart-Track before. Now, they are made by the Official Charts Company since 2017.

## References
VO2 max

**VO2 max** (also called **maximal oxygen uptake**) is the highest amount of oxygen that a person's body can use during hard exercise. The "V" means volume, "O2" means oxygen, and "max" means maximum. It is usually measured in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (mL/kg·min).

## Understanding VO2 max 
When people exercise, their bodies need oxygen to make energy for their muscles. VO2 max measures how well someone's body can take in and use oxygen during exercise. A higher VO2 max usually means a person can exercise longer and harder.

## Measurement 
Doctors and scientists measure VO2 max by having a person exercise on a treadmill or exercise bike while wearing a mask that measures their breathing. The person exercises harder and harder until they cannot continue. The highest amount of oxygen they use is their VO2 max.

## Normal Values 
Different people have different VO2 max values:

* The average untrained healthy man has a VO2 max of about 35-40 mL/kg·min
* The average untrained healthy woman has a VO2 max of about 27-31 mL/kg·min
* Athletes in sports like running, cycling, and cross-country skiing often have much higher values
* As people get older, their VO2 max usually gets lower
* Training can help improve someone's VO2 max

## Why VO2 max is Important 
VO2 max is important because:

* It helps doctors check how healthy someone's heart and lungs are
* It can show how fit an athlete is
* People with higher VO2 max values often live longer and have better health
* It helps coaches and athletes plan training programs

## See also 
* Exercise
* Physical fitness
* Cardiovascular system
Risk (song)

"**Risk**" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams for her second studio album, *The Secret of Us* (2024). It was released on May 1, 2024, through Interscope Records. It is the lead single from the album. 

"Risk" peaked at number 94 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100. Abrams performed "Risk" on *The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon* and *The Today Show*. She also performed it on The Secret of Us Tour (2024–2025) and Taylor Swift The Eras Tour (2024).

## References
This Is What It Feels Like (EP)

***This Is What It Feels Like*** is the second EP by American singer and songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released on November 12, 2021, through Interscope Records. It is mainly pop with a mix of bedroom pop and indie pop. Abrams co-wrote all the tracks, and as a producer on "Feels Like".

## References
I Miss You, I'm Sorry

"'''I Miss You, I'm Sorry'*" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released on April 8, 2020. The song was released as the second single from her first EP, *Minor''. 

In November 2022, Abrams was announced as an opener for Taylor Swift's The Eras Tour. During Swift's acoustic act, she invited Abrams on stage where they performed "I Miss You, I'm Sorry" together.

## References
Dutch Album Top 100

The **Dutch Album Top 100** or **Album Top 100** is a weekly hit list of music albums made by Dutch Charts. It shows the 100 best-selling music albums of the moment in the Netherlands. The list has had many name changes and has expanded from a Top 10 to a Top 100. The first list was released in 1969.

## References
Noah Kahan

**Noah  Berkenkamp Kahan** ( ; born January 1, 1997) is an American singer-songwriter. He is known for his single "Hurt Somebody". His first album, *Busyhead* came out in 2019. He then released the albums *I Was / I Am* (2021) and *Stick Season* (2022).

## Discography
*Main article: *

* *Busyhead* (2019)
* *I Was / I Am* (2021)
* *Stick Season* (2022)
* *The Great Divide* (2026)

## References
Jovan Radonjić

**Jovan Radonjić** (1748 – 8 July 1803), also known as Jovo or Joko, was the governor of Montenegro from 1764 to 1803.

## Time as guvernadur
### Sava III
Jovan Radonjić was elected guvernadur of Montenegro in 1764.  He had great influence and was consulted by the Venetians, Ottoman officials, and local leaders. 

In 1770, Montenegrin leaders, including Jovan, sent a letter criticizing the Venetians for opposing Montenegro's relationship with Russia. The letter was signed by *guvernadur* Jovan Radonjić, *serdar* Vukale Vukotić, *serdar* J. Đurašković, *serdar* Jovo Petrović, and *serdar* M. Plamenac. the Ottomans attacked the Kuči and Bjelopavlići but were defeated.  but Jovan sent a petition to Russia in 1775 to remind them of the Montenegrins. 

In 1779, Jovan and others thanked the Austrian Emperor for gifts, including a portrait, which they saw as a symbol of protection. 

### Petar I
Jovan Radonjić and the Metropolitan were the two main leaders in Montenegro—Jovan was the actual ruler, while the Metropolitan had spiritual authority.  They disagreed on how Montenegro should be governed, with Jovan wanting control over both secular and spiritual matters, and the Metropolitan focusing on religious leadership.  Their political views also differed: the Metropolitan supported Russia, while Jovan favored Austria. 

During this time, Montenegro was divided into districts, governed by both Jovan and the Metropolitan, with the help of various officials, creating ongoing tension between secular and religious authorities. 

In 1785, when Kara Mahmud Pasha attacked Montenegro, Jovan fled to Venetian territory after burning down his house.  Kara Mahmud Pasha eventually withdrew after a series of conflicts with local tribes.

In 1788–89, Jovan sent letters to Russia requesting help, including the appointment of Sofronije Jugović as leader of Montenegro,  hoping to replace the Petrović family and secure power for himself. 

In 1789–90, Jovan traveled to Austria with a delegation, seeking Austrian support.  However, despite some aid in the form of supplies, Austria was reluctant to intervene directly.

In 1796, Jovan played a key role in defeating Kara Mahmud Pasha at the Battle of Martinići and later at the Battle of Krusi, where Kara Mahmud Pasha was killed.  Afterward, Jovan wrote to Austria requesting compensation for his burnt house, and the Austrians sent him money and materials to repair it.

### Last years
Before his death, Jovan bought a printing press in Vienna and planned to teach the Montenegrins how to use it. However, Metropolian Petar I accused him of bringing an Austrian spy and of attempting to sell Montenegro to Austria. As a result, Jovan abandoned the printing project and sold the press to a merchant in the Bay of Kotor. Several years later, Petar II Petrović-Njegoš brought the same press back to Montenegro.

## References
## Sources
*
*
* 
*
*
Benny Blanco

**Benjamin Joseph Levin** (born March 8, 1988), known professionally as **Benny Blanco**, is an American record producer, songwriter, record executive and author. He was honored into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2013. He has also won five BMI Songwriter of the Year Awards, won the 2017 iHeartRadio Producer of the Year Award, and received 11 Grammy Award nominations.

Blanco has been in a relationship with singer and actress Selena Gomez since June 2023. They became engaged on December 11, 2024, and were married on September 27, 2025.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Open Wide a cookbook for friends
Minor (EP)

***Minor*** is the first EP by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released on July 14, 2020, through Interscope Records. Abrams co-wrote all the tracks. 

## Charts
## References
I Love You, I'm Sorry

"'''I Love You, I'm Sorry'*" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams from her second studio album, *The Secret of Us'' (2024). The song was written by Abrams and Aaron Dessner. A music video for the song premiered on July 17, 2024. 

On October 11, 2024, Abrams released the Vevo live performance on all streaming platforms as a single.

## References
Gracie Abrams discography

American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams has released two studio albums, two live albums, three extended plays (EP), and 23 singles, including one as a featured artist.

## Albums
### Studio albums
### Extended plays
## Singles
### As featured artist
### Promotional singles 
## Other charted songs
## Notes
## References
PGA Tour 2K21

**PGA Tour 2K21** is a professional golf video game by 2K Sports. It is announced on 6 May 2020. It is released on 21 August 2020. It works on Stadia, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Chappell Roan

**Kayleigh Rose Amstutz** (born February 19, 1998), known professionally as **Chappell Roan** ( ), is an American singer-songwriter. Her music is inspired by 1980s synth-pop and 2000s pop songs.

## Career
Following a short break, she released a several songs independently in 2022. Her debut album, *The Rise and Fall of a Midwest Princess*, was released through Island Records in 2023. The album became a "sleeper hit" and was nominated for Album of the Year at the 67th Grammy Awards. Its single "Pink Pony Club" reached number one in the UK in 2025.

Roan was a supporting act on Olivia Rodrigo's Guts World Tour. Her producer, Dan Nigro, is also known for his work with Rodrigo. Roan released the single "Good Luck, Babe!" in 2024, which went on to reach number one in Ireland and the top five in the UK, US, and Canada.

Roan also starred in label-mate Sabrina Carpenter's Netflix Christmas special, *A Nonsense Christmas* (2024), in which the two sang a cover of Wham!'s "Last Christmas".

In February 2025 at the 67th Grammy Awards, Roan won her first Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

## Personal life
Kayleigh Rose Amstutz was born in Willard, Missouri, on February 19, 1998, the oldest of four children. Roan took her stage name from her late grandfather, Dennis Chappell, and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan".

Roan is openly a lesbian. In the Apple TV+ special *A Carpool Karaoke Christmas* (2024), Roan revealed to the host, New Zealander DJ Zane Lowe, that her strict Christian upbringing caused her to feel "like [she] was going to hell no matter how good of a person [she] was or how much [she] loved God, for being gay."

## Filmography 
## References
## Other websites
*
Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243

**Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243** was a scheduled international passenger flight from Baku, Azerbaijan, to Grozny, Russia. On 25 December 2024, the flight crashed near Aqtau International Airport, Kazakhstan, with 62 passengers and 5 crew on board.

Russian news agencies said that a cause for the crash was because of a bird strike.  but initial investigations confirmed that a Russian missile caused the AZAL airplane crash. In total, 38 people died in the accident, including both pilots. 29 people survived.

## References
PlayStation Studios

**PlayStation Studios**, formerly **SCE Worldwide Studios** and **SIE Worldwide Studios**, is a video games company owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment.

## History 
**SCE Worldwide Studios** was founded in 2005. When Sony rebranded Sony Computer Entertainment to Sony Interactive Entertainment in 2016, the company was also rebranded to **SIE Worldwide Studios.**

In 2020, the company changed it's name to **PlayStation Studios** with the release of the PlayStation 5.

## List of studios 
### Current 
### Former 
## Notes 
## References
Michael McGrath (Irish politician)

**Michael McGrath** (; born 23 August 1976) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been the EU Commissioner for Democracy, Justice, the Rule of Law and Consumer Protection since 2024. He was the Minister for Finance from December 2022 to June 2024. He was Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform from 2020 to 2022. 

He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-Central constituency from 2007 to 2024.

## References
Magnus Brunner

**Magnus Brunner** (; born 6 May 1972) is an Austrian People's Party politician who has been the European Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration since December 2024. Before, he was Austria's finance minister from 2021 until 2024.

## References
David McGuinty

**David Joseph McGuinty**  (born February 25, 1960) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who has been a Member of Parliament for Ottawa South since 2004. He has been the Minister of National Defence since 2025. He was the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness for two months in 2025. Before, he was the minister of public safety.

## References
## Other websites
*David McGuinty's MP Website
Team Asobi

**Team Asobi** is a Japanese video game developer owned by PlayStation Studios.

## History
In 2012, the studio was founded within Japan Studio, but after it shutdown in 2021, Team Asobi became an independent PlayStation studio. Their name comes from the Japanese word "Asobi" which means "play".

## Games
The studio is best know for creating the Astro Bot series starting in 2013 with the release of The Playroom on PlayStation 4. 

Their most recent game is Astro Bot, which was released on PlayStation 5 on September 6, 2024.

## Notes
## References
Éric Lombard

**Éric Roger Pierre Lombard** (born 16 May 1958) is a French businessman and politician who was the minister of economics and finance from 2024 until 2025. From 2017 to 2024, he was the CEO of the Caisse des dépôts et consignations.

He is a former student of HEC Paris.

## References
Street harassment

**Street harassment** is a form of harassment. 
## Overview
It most cases, street harassment comes in the form of sexual harassment. It usually consists of  unwanted sexualised comments, provocative gestures, honking, wolf whistles, indecent exposures, stalking, persistent sexual advances, and touching by strangers, in public areas such as streets, shopping malls and public transportation.

Other than actions or comments that have a sexual connotation, it often includes homophobic and transphobic slurs, and hateful comments about race, religion, class, ethnicity and disability.

## History 
There is no definitive beginning of street harassment.

### Street harassment in history 
In the 19th century London, street harassment came into the spotlight as a social issue. In London, new shopping districts were created near the West End. This caused many middle-class women to walk through traditionally male-dominated neighborhoods to purchase the latest goods. Women sometimes found themselves questioned and followed by men who worked in the area. The men's behaviors resembled contemporary working-class courtship rituals. In such rituals, a young man would show his preference for a woman by "glad-eyeing" her in the street, and the woman would respond by slowing down her pace.

According to Walkowtiz, the public's perception of street harassment was shaped by the middle-class women who were the new subjects of this courtship practice,. This practicer was seen to be far too casual and informal to be proper. The experience of these women was given a greater weight by the society than those of working class women. Leading ladies' journals of the era contained advice on how to avoid being "spoken to" by men when going about their business.

### Modern anti-street-harassment movements 
The modern discussion regarding the subject began in 1944 with the rape of Recy Taylor. Rosa Parks was commissioned to investigate the crime:  Taylor, a black woman, was kidnapped and gang-raped in Abbeville, Alabama. Parks responded by starting what was later dubbed the "strongest campaign for equal justice to be seen in a decade."

## Prevalence 
Worldwide:

* 80% of women endure at least occasional street harassment
* 45% (at least monthly) avoids going alone to public spaces after dark
* 50% (at least monthly) have to find alternate routes to their destinations
* 9% have had to switch careers to escape the area in which harassment occurred.
* 80% (at least monthly) feel the need to be constantly alert when traversing local streets

This problem affects people of all identities, races and ages regularly.

## References
Allobates zaparo

The **sanguine poison frog**, **sanguine poison-arrow frog**, or '''Zaparo's poison frog'* (*Allobates zaparo'') is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador and Peru.

## Body
The adult male frog is 27.0 to 30.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 26.5 - 30.5 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back is red in color with light brown or copper colored lines that start on the nose. The sides of the head and body are black in color with brown on top and white on the bottom.  The white stripe may turn blue toward the rear of the body. There is a green-yellow mark on the mouth. The tops of the front legs are light brown in color with black or dark brown spots. There is yellow or orange color where the front legs meet the body.  The tops of the back legs are black in color with blue-gray marks. The bottoms of the hind legs or blue in color with black marks. The throat and chest are black in color but may have some blue color.  The blue becomes an orange stripe near where the front legs meet the body.  The belly is blue with black marks. The iris of the eye is black in color with some bronze or copper near the middle.

This frog does not have poison chemicals in its skin, but its stripes and colors look like those of other frogs in Dendrobatidae. Because of this, scientists call this frog a mimic. It looks like poisonous frogs to trick animals that want to eat it into thinking that it has poison too.  *A. zaparo* looks like *A. bilinguis*, which has some poison but not a lot. Scientists think this is because animals that try to eat the frog learn exactly what it looks like.

## Food
This frog can eat many kinds of things. For example, it eats ants.

## Name
Scientists named this frog *zaparo* for the Sápara people who live in eastern Ecuador.

## Home
This frog is awake during the day. People see it in forests in low places and on hills, mostly in forests that have never been cut down but sometimes in forests that were destroyed and are growing back and near streams near farms. People have seen it on the dead leaves on the ground. Scientists saw the frog between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog in many protected parks: Yasuní National Park, Sangay National Park, Yachana Reserve, and Jatun Sacha Biological Station.

## Young
The male frog sits above the dead leaves on the ground and calls to the female frogs. The female frogs lays their eggs on the dead leaves on the ground.  After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. People change the places where the frog lives to make farms, make places for animals to eat grass, and make roads to dig for oil.  Bad chemicals from farms, humans' animals, and mining can also hurt the frog.

## References
Federation of Jewish Communities in Hungary

The **Mazsihisz** (short for *Magyarországi Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége*) is the **Federation of Hungarian Jewish Communities**. It is the largest Jewish organization in Hungary, representing many Jewish communities across the country.

Mazsihisz helps preserve Jewish culture, history, and traditions in Hungary. It manages synagogues, cemeteries, and Jewish schools, and organizes religious services and events. The organization also supports Holocaust remembrance and works to combat antisemitism.

Mazsihisz works with other Jewish groups and international organizations to strengthen Jewish life and protect the interests of the Jewish community in Hungary.

## History 
In 1950, the communist regime forced all Jewish religious groups and communities in Hungary to merge into one organization called the **Hungarian Israelite National Representation (MIOK)**. After the change of regime in 1991, Mazsihisz was formed from the restructuring of MIOK.

Mazsihisz’s president and executive director are elected every two years by the general assembly, which is made up of 12 members representing local communities from across Hungary and rabbis from Budapest. 

The Federation of Hungarian Jewish Communities represents Hungarian Jewry in international Jewish organizations, including the World Jewish Congress, the European Jewish Congress, and the Claims Conference.

## List of leaders 
### Presidents 
### Directors 
## References
Adeline Magloire Chancy

**Adeline Magloire Chancy** (born 4 April 1931) is a Haitian educator, feminist, and politician. She is known for her works in making Haitian Creole as a valid language. Chancy is a founding member of the Haitian Creole Academy. She was Haiti's minister for the feminine condition and women's rights from 2004 to 2006.

## References
Péter Magyar

**Péter Magyar** (; born 16 March 1981) is a Hungarian politician and lawyer. He is the President of the Respect and Freedom (Tisza) Party, Hungary's largest opposition party, since 2024. He has been a member of the European Parliament since July 2024. He has been a critic of Viktor Orbán and was a member of his Fidesz party until 2024.

His great-uncle Ferenc Mádl was President of Hungary from 2000 to 2005.

From 2006 until their divorce in 2023, Magyar was married to politician Judit Varga. They had three children.

## References
## Other websites
* Official movement
Judit Varga (politician)

**Judit Varga** (pronunciation: , born 10 September 1980) is a Hungarian lawyer and retired politician. She was the Minister of Justice from her appointment in July 2019 until her resignation in June 2023. 

In 2022, she was elected to the National Assembly. 

From 2006 until their divorce in 2023, Varga was married to politician Péter Magyar.

## References
Pázmány Péter Catholic University

**Pázmány Péter Catholic University** (**PPCU**) (*PPKE*)) is a private university in and near Budapest, Hungary. The university belongs to the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1635. It is one of Hungary's oldest and most well known institutions of higher education.

## References
Baptist Church of Hungary

The **Baptist Church of Hungary**  is a Christian denomination in Hungary. Baptists believe in baptism by immersion, meaning people are baptized by being fully submerged in water. They also emphasize the importance of personal faith, the Bible, and the freedom of individuals to make their own decisions about religion.

## History 
Baptism is a religious movement that brings back and renews the teachings of the Anabaptists, who were part of the 16th century Reformation. The Hungarian Baptists are a Protestant community with more than 160 years of history. The first Baptists appeared in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1846.

Around 2010, the Baptist Church of Hungary was one of the largest churches in Hungary. According to the denominational census published in 2020, there were 299 congregations and 11,406 members in the country.

## Notes
That's So True

"'''That's So True'*" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released through Interscope Records on November 6, 2024, as the first single from the deluxe edition of her second studio album, *The Secret of Us'' (2024). "That's So True" peaked at number six on the *Billboard* Hot 100. 

## References
Matteo Pessina

**Matteo Pessina** (born 21 April 1997) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Monza in the Serie A and Italy National football Team.

## Club Career
He joined Monza in 2013 and He beat Pordenone 6-3 In 30 May 2015.

On 30 June 2015 He joined AC Milan.

On August 2015 He joined Lecce on loan.

On January 2016 He joined Catania on loan.

On Summer 2016 He joined Como on loan.

On 7 July, 2017 He joined Atalanta.

On 25 August 2017 He joined Spezia on loan.

On 2023 He joined Monza back.
## International Career
On 20 June 2021 He did beat Wales 1-0 in UEFA Euro 2020 Matches.

On 26 June 2021 He scored a goal and beat Austria in extra time 2-1 in UEFA Euro 2020 Matches.

On 11 July 2021 He beat England with penalty shootout 1-1 and 3-2 in Penalty Shootout He won in UEFA Euro 2020.

## Honours
**Italy U20**
*FIFA U-20 World Cup 3rd: 2017.

**Italy**
*UEFA European Championship: 2020.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rex Williams

**Desmond Rex Williams**  (born 20 July 1933) is an English retired professional billiards and snooker player. He was born in Halesowen, England. Williams won the World Professional Billiards Championship in 1968. He kept the title in the 1970s and lost it to Fred Davis in 1980. He won the title again from 1982 to 1983.

He was an important figure in the creation of the World Snooker Championship. At the 1986 Grand Prix, aged 53, he became the oldest player to reach a ranking tournament final.

Williams was awarded the British Empire Medal in the 2020 Birthday Honours for services to snooker and billiards.

## References
Sony Entertainment

**Sony Entertainment** is an umbrella division of Sony. The company was founded in 2012 to manage Sony's music, film and television. It is managed by Sony's American subsidiary.

## References
Vevo

**Vevo LLC** is a multinational video hosting service. It is best known for making music videos to YouTube. 

The service opened on June 16, 2009. 

In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.

## References
Billie Lourd

**Billie Catherine Lourd** (born July 17, 1992) is an American actress. She is known for playing Chanel #3 in the Fox horror comedy series *Scream Queens* (2015–2016) and for her roles in the FX horror anthology series *American Horror Story* (2017–present). She also played Lieutenant Connix in the *Star Wars* sequel trilogy (2015–2019). 

Lourd is the only child of actress Carrie Fisher. She is the granddaughter of actress Debbie Reynolds and singer Eddie Fisher.

## References
Luz Banzon Magsaysay

**Luz Banzon Magsaysay** (b. June 25, 1914 — d. August 17, 2004) was the wife and widow of President Ramon Magsaysay and the seventh First Lady of the Philippines.

As the wife of the President, Luz Magsaysay was active in many socio-civic programs, especially the Philippine National Red Cross where she was honorary Chairwoman for several years. She is remembered as one of the most admired First Ladies and distinguished herself for her graciousness and kindness.

Magsaysay was widowed at the age of 43 when President Magsaysay died in a Douglas C-47 plane crash in 1957, three years and two months into his presidency, making it one of the shortest presidential term in Philippine history. She dedicated herself to the preservation of her husband's memory and lived an unpretentious life faithful to her husband's legacy.

## Death and legacy 
 at Malacañang Palace.]]

She died on August 17, 2004, at the age of 90. In commemoration of her memory, a Barangay in Cebu City was named *Barangay Luz* in the late 1960s; and *Barangay Luz Banzon* in the municipality of Jasaan in Misamis Oriental province, was also named in her honor. 

## References
Sony Music Group

**Sony Music Group** (**SMG**) is an American company that controls all of Sony's music publishing and recording. It is today the second largest music company after Universal Music Group.

## References
Edi Gathegi

**Edi Mūe Gathegi** (born March 10, 1979) is a Kenyan-American actor. He is known for playing Dr. Jeffrey Cole in the television series *House*, as Cheese in the 2007 movie *Gone Baby Gone*, Laurent in the movies *Twilight* and its sequel *The Twilight Saga: New Moon*, and as Darwin in *X-Men: First Class*. 

He played Matias Solomon in the NBC television series *The Blacklist* and in the crime thriller, *The Blacklist: Redemption*. 

He played the role of Mister Terrific in the DC Universe movie *Superman* (2025).

## References
## Other websites
*
Sony Music Publishing

**Sony Music Publishing** is an American music publisher. It is part of Sony Music Group, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America.

## References
Pool (video game)

***Pool*** is a 1983 video game. Written by Mike Lamb and published by CDS Micro Systems. It was made for the 16K ZX Spectrum. It was re-released later in 1983 on CDS's Blue Ribbon label and again in 1986 on their "2.99 Classic" label. The game is based on the game of pool.

## Gameplay 
In *Pool*, the table begins with three red and three blue balls. Each player gets three shots with the white ball. The goal is to pot all six balls. The cue ball is aimed by moving a target around the edge of the table and setting the strength of the shot. The number of shots left goes down for each shot made unless a ball is potted, upon which it is restored to three. Blue balls are worth 20 points, and red balls 10 points.

## Reception 
In Crash magazine's review, the reviewers noted that balls moved "accurately and smoothly" with "convincing" rebounds. It was considered to be the best Spectrum version of arcade pool and awarded an overall score of 77%. Your Sinclair magazine rated *Pool* 6 out of 10, finding it was "not the most imaginative of realisations" but "a pleasure to find a game where Euclid is of more use than blood-lust and whizzo reflexes".

Home Computing Weekly gave the game 5 stars, saying "this is not the game I spent my misplaced youth on, but it's pretty close, and a good game too." However, they were less happy with the game's graphics.

## References 
## Other websites 
* *Pool* at World of Spectrum
* Pool at the Internet Archive
Locust Grove, Orange County, Virginia

**Locust Grove** is an unincorporated community in eastern Orange County, Virginia, United States. Its ZIP code is 22508. The population of the ZIP Code Tabulation Area was 14,748 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the largest population center within the county. 

## References
David Boies

**David Boies** ( ; born March 11, 1941) is an American lawyer. He is the chairman of the law firm Boies Schiller Flexner LLP. 

Boies became well known for his role in three major cases: leading the U.S. federal government's successful prosecution of Microsoft in *United States v. Microsoft Corp.*, his unsuccessful representation of Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore in *Bush v. Gore*, and for successful representation of the plaintiff in *Hollingsworth v. Perry*, which invalidated California Proposition 8 banning same-sex marriage. 

## References
Arithmetic billiards

In mathematics, **arithmetic billiards** is a way to show the least common multiple and the greatest common divisor of two whole numbers. It makes use of reflections inside a rectangle. 

Arithmetic billiards have been discussed as mathematical puzzles by Hugo Steinhaus and Martin Gardner.  Some teachers call it 'Paper Pool'. They have been used as a source of questions in mathematical circles.

## How it works
This method finds both the least common multiple, and greatest common divisor of two numbers. The largest number is drawn as a line with that length horizontally. The other length is drawn vertically. 

Drawing a line at a 45 degree angle from the bottom right corner and every time the line hits a line it bounces off at the same 45 degree angle. This happens until it reaches a corner where it stops.

The total length of this line is the Lowest Common Multiple, whilst the distance between the bottom of the rectangle and the nearest change in angle is the lowest common multiple.

## References
Jang Won-young

**Jang Won-young** (born 31 August 2004) is a South Korean singer and television host. She is known for being a part of the Japanese-South Korean girl group Iz*One. Since 2021, she is part of the girl group Ive.

## Career 
In 2018, Jang was in the talent show . She represented . She was first place and was a member of Iz*One until the group broke up on 21 April 2021.

In 2021, Jang went back to Starship Entertainment with An Yu-jin, who was another member of Iz*One. In 2023, she hosted the television show  with . Jang and Sunghoon won the Best Couple Award at the . She helped host the  in 2021, 2022, 2023, and in 2024. She also helped host the  in 2022, 2023, and 2024.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Piano Sonata No. 7 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 7 in D major***,* Op. 10, No. 3, is a piece of music for solo piano that was written in 1798. The sonata was dedicated to Countess Anne Margarete von Browne.  

## Structure 
The sonata has four movements:

## Reflist
Piano Sonata No. 10 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 10 in G major***,* Op. 14, No. 2, is a piece of music for solo piano. It was written between 1798 and 1799. The sonata was dedicated to Baroness Josefa von Braun.

The sonata is approximately 15 minutes long. 

## Form
The sonata is in three movements:

## References
Piano Sonata No. 11 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 11 in B-flat major**, Op. 22, is a piece of music for solo piano. It was written in 1800 and published in 1802. Beethoven thought this work to be the best of his early sonatas. 

## Structure
The sonata has four movements:

The piece is 25–30 minutes long.

## References
Richard M. Vogel

**Richard M. Vogel** is an American hydrologist and environmental engineer. He is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Tufts University.

## Education and career
He earned his bachelor of Science in Engineering Science and Systems from the University of Virginia in 1976. He went on to earn his Master of Science in Environmental Science and Hydrology in 1979 and his Ph.D. in Water Resource Systems from Cornell University in 1984. In 2016, after 33 years of service, he transitioned to Professor Emeritus.

His research has centered on statistical hydrology, hydrologic risk management, and water resource systems. His work has involved developing stochastic watershed models, improving hydrologic design methods, and examining the impact of climate change on water resources. In recent years, his research has focused on the effects of climate change on water resource systems, helping to develop better methods for risk-based planning in the context of climate change.He has written over 150 articles in refereed journals as well as book chapters. 

He contributed chapters to handbooks, including the *Handbook of Hydrology* and *ASCE Handbooks*. 

In 2021, he was named a Distinguished Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). He received the Ven Te Chow Award from ASCE in 2020, and in 2017, he was elected a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union.

## Selected publications
*

*

*

*
## References
Mo (2016 movie)

***Mo*** is a 2016 Tamil horror comedy movie that was written and directed by Bhuvan Nullan R, with Aishwarya Rajesh, Suresh Ravi, Ramesh Thilak, Darbuka Siva and Ramdoss in the leading roles, while Pooja Devariya, Selva, and Mime Gopi play supporting roles. The movie was edited by Gopinath with music composed by Santhosh Dhayanidhi. The movie, featuring a new technical crew, began production during 2015 and released on 30 December 2016.

http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/aishwarya-rajesh-says-she-is-willing-to-work-in-a-film-if-the-story-is-good/article7726507.ece
Kirti Vardhan Singh

**Kirti Vardhan Singh** (born 1 March 1966) is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh. He is now a Minister of State for External Affairs in the Third Modi Government. He is also a Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) from the Gonda area for the 5th time. People in his area call him Raja Bhaiya because of his link to the old royal family of Mankapur.

## Political Career 
He was a member of the 12th and 14th Lok Sabha from Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, representing the Samajwadi Party. In March 2014, he left the Samajwadi Party, joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and was elected to the 16th and 17th Lok Sabha from Gonda. Singh is known as an environmental activist. In July 2018, he won a case in the Green Tribunal against illegal sand mining in his constituency.

In 2024, he was re-elected as an MP from Gonda in the 18th Lok Sabha elections, defeating the INDIA Alliance candidate Shreya Verma by 46,222 votes. He later became a Minister of State, handling the Ministries of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and Ministry of External Affairs.

In April 2023, Singh flew a powered hang glider over Pinjore Airport in Haryana. In the launch event of National Aero Modelling Fellowship Program, Singh was accompanied by skydiver Shital Mahajan, who jumped attached to his powered hang glider. This was the first time that a civilian was jumping from a hang glider being flown by an active MP and the stunt was termed historic.

## Early life and education 
He was born on 1 March 1966 to Raja Anand Singh and Veena Singh from the Mankapur Taluqdari family. He studied geology and earned a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in geological sciences from Lucknow University. On 16 November 2002, Kirti Vardhan Singh married Madhushree Singh. They have a son, Kunwar Jai Vardhan Singh, born on 10 November 2006. The family takes part in many social and cultural activities.

## References
One-pocket

**One-pocket** is a pool game. Only one pocket for each player is used in this game, unlike other games played on a pool table where any  can be used to score . The object of the game is to score points. Points are scored when a player pockets any object ball into their pocket. The winner is the first to score eight points.

## References 
* 
* 
* 
* Accu-Stats Videos (many matches on DVD or to stream online)
*  at IMDb
* Official One-Pocket Rules

## More reading 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* OnePocket.org is a site dedicated to one-pocket
Eight-ball

**Eight-ball** (also **8-ball** or **eightball**, and sometimes called **spots and stripes**, **big ones and little ones**, or rarely **highs and lows**) is a type of pool game. It is played on a billiard table with sixteen billiard balls (a  and fifteen s). The object balls include seven solid-colored balls numbered 1 through 7, seven striped balls numbered 9 through 15, and the black 8 ball. After the balls are scattered with a  shot, a player is on either the solid or striped balls. The object of the game is to pocket the 8-ball.

## References 
## Citations 
* 

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* World Pool-Billiard Association
Air hockey

**Air hockey** is a tabletop game where two opposing players try to score goals using a small plastic hockey puck. The table is usually low-friction. Players use a small plastic "mallet" to both push the puck, and defend their goals from the puck. Air hockey was created by a group of *Brunswick Billiards* employees from 1969 to 1972.

## References
Japan Studio

**Japan Studio** was a Japanese video game developer. It was founded in 1993 as **Sony Computer Entertainment Japan**; it shutdown in 2021 and merged with its former studios (including Team Asobi).

## Former teams 
### Team Asobi 
Team Asobi was founded in 2012 by Nicolas Doucet. Their first game was *The Playroom*, released in 2013 for the PlayStation 4. In 2021, when **Japan Studio** shut down, Team Asobi became a seperate PlayStation studio.

### Polys Entertainment 
Founded in 1998 by Kazunori Yamauchi, Polys Entertainment is known for creating the *Gran Turismo* series.
### Team Ico 
Team Ico was founded by Fumito Ueda in 1997, they created the 2001 game *Ico*. In 2011, they shutdown and Ueda founed his company GenDesign.
### Team Gravity 
Team Gravity was founded in 1999 by some former members of Team Silent, the original creators of *Silent Hill*.  They developed games in the *Siren* and *Gravity Rush* series. They were led by Keiichiro Toyama, who alongside other developers Kazunobu Sato and Junya Okura left the studio in 2020 to form Bokeh Game Studio.
## References
Albanus Schachleiter

Abbot Albanus Schachleitner and Ludwig Müller – the Protestant Archbishop of Nuremberg – at a Nazi Party event in 1934.]]Reverend **Albanus Schachleiter** (January 20, 1861 – June 20, 1937) was a German Benedictine monk and abbot emeritus of the Prague Emmaus Monastery.
## Life
Schachleiter, a Catholic monk from Mainz, was a close friend of Adolf Hitler.

## Death
Schachleiter died on 20 June 1937 at Feilnbach in Upper Bavaria. Hitler ordered a state funeral for him.
## Related pages
* Nazism
* Inquisition
* Antiziganism
* Antisemitism
* Clerical fascism
* Spanish Inquisition
* Catholic Church and the Independent State of Croatia

## References
LATAM Airlines Flight 800

**LATAM Flight 800** was a scheduled international passenger flight from Sydney Airport in Australia to Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile, with a stopover at Auckland Airport, New Zealand. On March 11, 2024, approximately two hours into the first leg of the flight, the Boeing 787-9 performing the flight experienced an incident and suddenly fell. Of the 272 people on board, 50 were injured and 12 people were taken to hospital after landing in Auckland.

## Aircraft
The aircraft was a Boeing 787-9, registration CC-BGG. It was delivered to LATAM in December 2015.

The plane had operated the outbound flight, LA801, from Santiago to Sydney via Auckland. After the incident, the return leg to Santiago de Chile was cancelled.
## Accident 
LATAM Airlines Flight 800 departed from Sydney Airport at 11:44 AEDT (00:44 UTC), climbing to cruise at flight level 410 (approximately ). One passenger said it felt "like an earthquake", and another recalled being thrown back four to five seat rows.

The aircraft continued to Auckland as scheduled, landing at 16:26 NZDT (03:26 UTC). Four people were still hospitalised as of 14 March 2024.

## References
Kaisa (cue sport)

**Kaisa** or **karoliina** is a cue sport mainly played in Finland. The game comes from Russia, where it is still played. Kaisa equipment is similar to Russian pyramid.

It has small pockets barely large enough for a ball to enter. Kaisa tables are usually 10 feet long. It is a two-player or two-team game. As with many carom billiards games, both players have their own  used to shoot at the other balls. One is usually differentiated by one cue ball having a dot or other marking on it. In all, five balls are used: the yellow  (called the *kaisa* in Finnish), two red object balls, and the two white cue balls (each of which serves as an object ball for the opponent). The game is played to 60 .

## Origins
Kaisa can be traced back to an 18th century game called Russian carambole played with two white cue balls and one red object ball. By the beginning of the 19th century, a new variant added two more object balls: a blue ball and a black, brown, or yellow ball called the karolin, caroline, or carline which gave the game its name.

## References 

## Other websites 
* Carline or Caroline 1866 rules for Russian game
Chris Hoy

**Sir Christopher Andrew Hoy** (born 23 March 1976) is a former track cyclist and racing driver. He represented Great Britain at the Olympic and World Championships and Scotland at the Commonwealth Games. Hoy has won six gold medals at the Summer Olympics during his career and two gold medals at the Commonwealth Games.

## Early life
Hoy was born and raised in Edinburgh. He studied at George Watson's College and at the University of St Andrews, where he studied Mathematics and Physics until 1996. He later transferred to the University of Edinburgh.

## Cycling career
Hoy was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie *E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial*. Hoy says the BMX bike he saw in the movie is what inspired him to start cycling.

Hoy has won six gold medals during the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He has also won eleven gold medals, eight silver medals and six bronze medals at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships between 1999 and 2012.

Hoy won two gold medals and two bronze medals at the Commonwealth Games in 2002 and 2006.

In 2005, Hoy was appointed a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) "for services to cycling" in the New Year Honours. In 2009, he was appointed Knight Bachelor in the New Year Honours "for services to Sport".

On 18 April 2013, Hoy announced his retirement from competitive cycling.

## Personal life
Hoy is married to Sarra Kemp, Lady Hoy, a lawyer from Edinburgh. They were married in 2010. They have two children, a son and a daughter.

Hoy's autobiography was published in 2009. Hoy's first two children's fiction books, about a young cyclist called Flying Fergus, were published in 2016. In 2020, Hoy published another children's book titled *Be Amazing*. In October 2024, he said the disease was terminal.

## References
## Other websites
*
Being There

**Being There** is a 1979 American comedy-drama film with satirical elements. It stars Peter Sellers, Shirley MacLaine, and Melvyn Douglas, and was directed by Hal Ashby. The movie is based on the 1970 novel *Being There* by Jerzy Kosiński, who co-wrote the screenplay with Robert C. Jones (uncredited). The supporting cast includes Jack Warden, Richard Dysart, and Richard Basehart.

## References