open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (Argentina)

The **Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development** (; **MAyDS**) of Argentina was a ministry of the national executive power that oversees the government's policy on environmental issues and promotes sustainable development.

This ministry was dissolved, and is currently, since December 10, 2023, a state secretariat dependent on the Ministry of the Interior.

## References
Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

**Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE)** is a space probe made by the European Space Agency that will explore Jupiter's major moons, mostly just Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto. It is powered by solar panels, like NASA's Juno spacecraft.

The spacecraft launched on 14 April 2023. It will reach Jupiter's orbit in July 2031 after four gravity assists and eight years of travel.

It will fly near the moons before going into orbit around Ganymede.

## Instruments onboard JUICE 
JANUS- An optical camera system

MAJIS- Moon and Jupiter imaging Spectrometer

GALA- Ganymede laser Altimeter

J-Mag- A magnetometer for JUICE

RPWI- Radio & Plasma Wave Investigation

UVS- UV imaging Spectrograph

SWI- Sub-millimeter Wave Instrument

RIME- Radar for Icy Moons Exploration

PEP- Particle Environment Package

3GM- Gravity & Geophysics of Jupiter and Galilean Moons

## History 
Juice builds on the previously proposed Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM-Laplace), a planned collaborative mission between ESA and NASA that would have carried out an in-depth study of the Jovian system and its icy moons. It is now foreseen that the Juice and NASA Europa Clipper spacecraft will be exploring the Jovian system simultaneously.

## Milestones JUICE will achieve 
* It will be the first spacecraft to orbit a moon in the outer solar system(Ganymede)
* Juice’s flyby of the Earth-Moon system, known as a Lunar-Earth gravity assist (LEGA), is a world first: by performing this maneuver — a gravity assist flyby of the Moon followed just 1.5 days later by one of Earth—Juice will be able to save a significant amount of fuel.

## Spacecraft structure 
Three-axis stabilized with 10 solar panels and a 2.5-metre-long High Gain Antenna, with a dry mass of approximately 2400&nbsp;kg and a wet mass (including fuel) of approximately 6000&nbsp;kg. Each solar panel measures about 2.5 m x 3.5 m; with five on each side of the spacecraft deployed as two distinctive cross-shaped arrays, these total an area of about 85 square meters.

## Journey 
Juice will spend approximately eight years cruising to Jupiter, during which it will complete fly-bys of Venus, Earth and the Earth-Moon system. It will reach Jupiter in July 2031; six months before entering orbit around Jupiter, Juice will begin its nominal science phase. The spacecraft will go on to spend many months orbiting Jupiter, completing fly-bys of Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, and finally conducting an orbital tour of Ganymede.

## Details 
## References
Rioplatense Spanish

**Rioplatense Spanish**  (), also known as **Rioplatense Castilian**, is a variety of Spanish.

## Location of speakers
It is spoken mainly in and around the Río de la Plata Basin of Argentina and Uruguay. It is also referred to as River Plate Spanish or Argentine Spanish. 

It is the most prominent dialect to employ *voseo* in both speech and writing. Many features of Rioplatense are also shared with the varieties spoken in south and eastern Bolivia, and Paraguay. 
## Intonation
This dialect is often spoken with an intonation resembling that of the Neapolitan language of Southern Italy, but there are exceptions.

## References
Pyrrhic War

The **Pyrrhic War** (280–275 BC) was mostly fought between the Roman Republic and Pyrrhus, the king of Epirus. He was a distant relative of Alexander the Great.  The people of the Greek city of Tarentum in southern Italy asked him to help them in their war against the Romans.

He was a skilled commander, with a strong army supported by war elephants.  The Romans were not used to them.  Pyrrhus beat the Roman legions, but suffered heavy losses even when he won. Plutarch wrote that Pyrrhus said after the second battle of the war, "If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined."  The Romans had plenty of military manpower and could replace their losses. This is the source of the expression "Pyrrhic victory", a victory that inflicts losses the winner cannot afford in the long term.

Worn down by the battles against Rome, Pyrrhus moved his army to Sicily to fight the Carthaginians instead. After several years of campaigning there (278–275 BC), he returned to Italy in 275 BC, where the last battle of the war was fought. The Roman victory. Following this, Pyrrhus returned to Epirus, ending the war. Three years later, in 272 BC, the Romans captured Tarentum.
Telecadena

**Telecadena** is a Honduran open television channel. It is owned by the Televicentro Corporation. Its name is due to the two frequencies that the channel occupies to transmit at the national level, channel 7 VHF from Tegucigalpa and channel 4 VHF from San Pedro Sula.

Its programming is of a general nature, with children's series broadcast in the mornings and programs for an adult audience in the afternoons.

## History 
The channel is launched in 1985 by Rafael Ferrari. In February 1988, the station's first news program, *Abriendo Brecha* at 5:30&nbsp;pm, was launched, directed and presented by Rodrigo Wong Arévalo.

Since the 2000s, the channel has aired the soap opera block La telenovela del recuerdo, inspired by Rede Globo's Vale a pena ver de novo block. On December 1, 2014, the block is canceled to premiere new programs.

Among other entertainment programs, it also broadcasts Honduran shows such as: Los del Cuarto, a night show broadcast on Sundays from 8pm to 9:30pm on Telecadena de Televicentro; alongside 2 great drivers: Samuel Martínez and Elmer Valladares. This program will stop broadcasting in 2020 and is currently moving on Canal 5.

## Programming 
* Abriendo Brecha
* Los del Cuarto
* La candidata el juego del poder
* Como dice el dicho
* Niña amada mía
* Primavera
* Lo que la vida me robó
* Cine Nocturno
* El gordo y la flaca (Univision)
* Cine Sensacional
* Cine Dominical 1 y 2
* Bajo la misma piel
* Mi familia perfecta
* Sin senos si hay paraíso
* Piel Salvaje
* La mamá del 10
* El Comandante
* Festival Internacional del Humor
* Grey's Anatomy

## Other websites 
* Official site
Marcelo Bonelli

**Marcelo Alberto Bonelli** (Born, October 8, 1955) is an Argentine political and economics journalist.

## Biography
He began his career in 1985 on El Trece. Since 2005 he has been the host of the morning news show Arriba Argentinos on Channel 13. He writes for the newspaper Clarín. He is a fan of Racing Club.

He has been awarded national and international prizes on various occasions: in 1997 he received the Konex Prize. In 1998 he received the **Ondas** Prize, awarded by Cadena Ser of Spain for the investigation carried out in the program **A Dos Voces** on the disappeared children in Argentina.

## Controversies
On March 17, 2017, the newspaper Clarín published an article by Bonelli in which he stated that, during an interview between the former president of the Spanish government Felipe González and President Mauricio Macri, the former had told him that "no one is going to invest seriously in Argentina until Cristina's acts of corruption are judged and sentenced", after asking "When is Cristina going to go to jail?".

The former president responded by sending González and Macri two notes. He urged them to confirm what was stated in Bonelli's article, and considering that the Argentine president had the duty to reject demonstrations that "import unprecedented extortion and undue interference in internal affairs, in addition to the exclusive recourse of justice."

That day, González denied through his spokesman that the former President had maintained that position before the Argentine President, news that was published by the newspaper in a note by Bonelli himself, in which he insisted that what he had published was true. In the same sense, Felipe González spoke and asked the newspaper to clarify the situation, which the newspaper did not.

## References
## Other websites 
* Fundación Konex
* La Nación
Guess How Much I Love You (TV series)

***Guess How Much I Love You*** is an animated children's television series based on the book of the same name written by Sam McBratney It was produced by SLR Productions and Scrawl Studios and was distributed by CCI Entertainment (now 9 Story Media Group) for HR and KiKa. It ran from December 25, 2011 to December 24, 2017 in association with TVOKids, Knowledge Kids, YLE, and SVT with the participation of TFO, HR1, ABC Television, and The Walt Disney Company (Australia),   

In 2015, a second season was announced and ran until 2016.
M142 HIMARS

The **M142 HIMARS** (**M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System**) is a light rocket launcher that can launch many rockets.The system was  developed in the late 1990s for the United States Army. It is mounted on a truck frame. The vehicle is what that army calls a Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV).

## Rockets
*GMLRS rockets, or Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System; The rockets in Ukraine have a range of at least ,   These HIMARS have been changed so that they cannot fire ATACMS (with a range of almost 200 miles)  or other long-range missiles. 
*Romania

File:Ukrainian HIMARS in Zaporizhya oblast, early June 2022 (1).jpg|A rocket launcher sending off a missile from Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine (July&nbsp;2022)

## References
Swimming at the 1922 Women's Olympiad – 4 × 50 metre freestyle relay

The **4 × 50 metre freestyle relay event** at the 1922 Women's Olympiad was held on 22 April 1922. The venue of the competition was the Port Hercules, the harbour of Monte Carlo, Monaco.

The Swedish team won ahead of the Netherlands and Great Britain.

## Results
Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium, France and Great Britain entered for the competition.

The first Dutch swimmer Alide Bolten was leading the race. At the time the second and third Dutch women, Annie Treffers and Truus Klapwijk, where swimming the Swedish women were closing the gap. The third Swedish womam Carin Nilsson closed the gap and was leading the race. The fourth Swedish woman, national champion Aina Berg, expanded the gap and won the race in a time of 2:25. The Netherlands finished four seconds later and Great Britain finished third.

Sources:

## References
TeleRadyo

**TeleRadyo Serbisyo** (, previously known as **DZMM TeleRadyo** and as **TeleRadyo / ABS-CBN TeleRadyo**) is a Philippine pay television channel owned by Media Serbisyo Production Corporation, a joint venture between Prime Media Holdings (through subsidiary Philippine Collective Media Corporation) and ABS-CBN Corporation, with ABS-CBN News as its main content provider, and is available on cable providers throughout the Philippines. TeleRadyo Serbisyo is also simulcasted via The Filipino Channel (TFC) and it can be heard and viewed online via its YouTube channel and iWantTFC. TeleRadyo was also included as a digital subchannel on digital terrestrial television seen via the ABS-CBN TVplus digital TV receivers and other digital TV boxes, until its discontinuation on November 1, 2022. The channel was previously used to simulcast the programs of ABS-CBN's flagship AM radio station, DZMM 630 before the latter went off the air on May 5, 2020 due to a cease and desist order of the National Telecommunications Commission together with ABS-CBN, S+A, and MOR Philippines. The channel went back on-air and online on May 8, 2020 as TeleRadyo, resuming the programming of the former DZMM. On June 28, 2021, TeleRadyo started to broadcast in high-definition feed on YouTube and Facebook while selected shows are being broadcast on Kapamilya Channel and The Filipino Channel in HD. The channel rebranded to TeleRadyo Serbisyo on June 30, 2023 coinciding with the launch of its radio counterpart Radyo Patrol Serbisyo under the joint venture of Prime Media and ABS-CBN. On May 29th 2025 TeleRadyo Serbisyo rebranded back to its original name along with its radio counterpart.

An international feed called TeleRadyo Serbisyo Global is also available worldwide as part of TFC premium channels via cable, satellite, iWantTFC and TFC IPTV.

## Related pages
* DWAN MMDA TeleRadyo
* One PH
* DZRH News Television
* One Sports
* BEAM TV
* TV5
* ABS-CBN
* DWIZ TeleRadyo 27
* ABS-CBN S+A
* DWBL-AM
* DWBM-FM
* DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 (ABS-CBN's flagship AM radio station)
* ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs (ABS-CBN's news division)
* DZMM Radyo Patrol Serbisyo 630  (ABS-CBN's AM radio station under joint venture with Prime Media Holdings)
*DZRB-AM
*DZRP

## References
## Other websites
*
It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)

"'''It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)'*" is a 1985 song by Eurythmics and is the fourth and final single from their fourth studio album *Be Yourself Tonight''. It went to number 8 in Ireland, number 12 in the United Kingdom, number 14 in Austria, number 18 in New Zealand and number 20 in the Netherlands. It stalled at #78 in the United States.

## Track listings
**7"**
*A: "It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)" (LP Version) - 3:50
*B: "Conditioned Soul" (LP Version) - 4:32

**12"**
*A: "It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)" (LP Version) - 3:50
*B1: "Conditioned Soul" (LP Version) - 4:32
*B2: "Tous les garçons et les filles"  (Non-LP Track) - 3:29
Christian Era Broadcasting Service International

**Christian Era Broadcasting Service International, Inc.** (CEBSI) (known as Christian Broadcasting Service from 1969 to 1994 and Christian Era Broadcasting Service Inc., from 1994 to 2014) is a Philippine television and radio network, and a religious broadcast arm of Iglesia ni Cristo. This station studios are located in Quezon City. According to The Manila Times, CEBSI operates 3 channels on Philippine cable television, these include INCTV 48 and NET 25.

## References
TFO

**TFO** is a Canadian-French language educational television channel and media organization. It serves the province of Ontario and Québec.

## Other websites
*TFO
Skin Trade (song)

"**Skin Trade**" is the 15th single by English new wave band Duran Duran and is the second single from their fourth studio album *Notorious*. It went to number 3 in Italy, number 9 in Belgium, number 11 in the Netherlands, number 22 in the United Kingdom, number 35 in Germany, number 36 in New Zealand and number 39 in the United States.

## Format and track listing
### 7": EMI. / TRADE 1 United Kingdom
# "Skin Trade" (Radio Cut) - (4:26)
# "We Need You" - (2:49)

### 12": EMI. / 12 TRADE 1 United Kingdom
# "Skin Trade" (Stretch Mix) - (7:36)
# "Skin Trade" (Album Version) - (5:58)
# "We Need You" - (2:49)
**"Stretch Mix"* was remixed by famed producer Larry Levan
*These tracks were also released on cassette (TC TRADE 1) in a video style box with the banned bum cover.

### 7": Capitol Records. / B-5670 United States 
# "Skin Trade" (Radio Cut) - (4:26)
# "We Need You" - (2:49)

### 12": Capitol Records. / V-15274 United States 
# "Skin Trade" (Stretch Mix) - (7:36)
# "Skin Trade" (Album Version) - (5:58)
# "We Need You" - (2:49)

### CD: Part of "Singles Box Set 1986-1995" boxset
# "Skin Trade (Radio cut)" (4:25)
# "We Need You" (2:49)
# "Skin Trade" (Stretch mix) (7:36)
# "Skin Trade" (Album version) (5:58)

## References
Typhoon Phanfone

**Typhoon Phanfone**, known in the Philippines as **Typhoon Ursula**, was a strong tropical cyclone that hit the middle of the Philippines, on December 25, 2019.
 

On December 24, 2019 at 4:45 PM (PHT), Typhoon Ursula was near Boracay Island in the town of Malay, Aklan. It was a Category 3 typhoon. The storm hit the central and southern parts of Luzon and the Visayas on Christmas Day. It killed at least 57 people and 6 others went missing. The highest number of deaths occurred in Iloilo province.  

Typhoon Phanfone struck the central and southern part of Luzon on Christmas day, 2019. It left at least 57 dead and more than 6 missing, the largest number of which in the *Iloilo* province.

## Typhoon Storm Warning Signal
## References
Savage's brook frog

'''Savage's brook frog'* (*Duellmanohyla lythrodes'') is a frog. It lives in Costa Rica and Panama, in the Cordillera de Talamanca.  Scientists have only seen it between 170 and 440 meters above sea level.  As of 2009, scientists had seen exactly three of these frogs.

The adult male frog is about 30-33 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 30-36 mm long.  The skin on the frog's back is green or brown.  There is a white stripe from the nose to where the legs meet the body.  There is a white spot under each eye.  The skin on the belly is yellow.  The throat is white.  The iris of the eye is red in color.

There are fewer of this frog than there were.  Human beings change the places where it lives.  They cut down trees for wood and to make farms and towns and places for cows and other animals to eat grass.  Human beings build dams that change the way the water moves.  Diseases can also kill this frog.

## References
LittleBe

***LittleBe*** (stylized as **little Be**) was a British children's preschool television programming block. It was broadcast by ITVBe. The block was launched on 3 September 2018. The block aired from 9:00am to 12:00pm on weekends and weekdays and was aimed at children 2 through 6.

LittleBe was removed from the ITVBe schedule with the block airing for the last time on 31 May 2024.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Androctonus amoreuxi

***Androctonus amoreuxi,*** also known as **the African fat-tailed scorpion** or **Tunisian fat-tailed scorpion**, is a species of fat-tailed scorpion. It lives in North Africa, Tunisia, Mali, and Asia.  Its sting can kill.  

The adult scorpion is about 70 mm long.  Its shell is yellow in color.

## Sting 
The Tunisian fat-tail's sting has venom that can kill a human.

## References
Lauda Air

**Lauda Air Luftfahrt GmbH**, branded as **Lauda Air** was an Austrian airline headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It operated scheduled leisure flights and charter flights to vacation destinations in Europe, North America, the Caribbean and Southeast Asia.

## History
Lauda Air was founded in April 1979 by former Formula 1 driver and champion Niki Lauda. They began operations in 1985 with air taxi and charter services.  

Authorization for regular operations was given in 1987. In 1990 it was authorized to carry out international flights. In 1989 Lauda Air began its first long-range flight from Vienna to Sydney and Melbourne via Kuala Lumpur. Daily flights to Miami via Munich, to Dubai and to Cuba followed.

It became a 100% owned subsidiary of Austrian Airlines in December 2000. They had 35 employees (as of March 2007). In 2005 the flight operations were taken over by Austrian Airlines. Lauda Air is used currently as the brand that operates the charter flights of the Austrian Airlines Group.

Niki Lauda has started a new airline named Niki. For its part, the Austrian Airlines Group will make a decision whether to integrate the entire Lauda Air Charter Flight fleet into the common Austrian Airlines design or not, at the beginning of 2007. The goals would be to identify itself as a single airline (simplicity) and to avoid advertising of Niki Lauda's new airline. This would mean the total disappearance of Lauda Air.

## Incidents and accidents 
* On 26 May 1991, Lauda Air Flight 004, operated by a Boeing 767-300ER registered as OE-LAV, named after *Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart*, crashed in Thailand shortly after take-off from Don Mueang International Airport in Bangkok, due to the uncommanded deployment of one of its thrust reversers. This accident resulted in the deaths of all 223 passengers and crew.

## References
The Love Cats (song)

"**The Love Cats**" is a 1983 song by English gothic rock The Cure as a stand-alone single. It went to number 6 in Australia, number 7 in the United Kingdom, number 15 in Ireland and number 23 in New Zealand.

## Track listing
; 7"
#"The Love Cats" (3:33)
#"Speak My Language" (2:39)

;UK & US 12"
#"The Love Cats (Extended Version)" (4:37)
#"Speak My Language" (2:39)
#"Mr. Pink Eyes" (2:45)

## References
Let's Go to Bed (The Cure song)

"'''Let's Go to Bed**" is a 1982 song by English gothic rock band The Cure and was released as a stand-alone single. It went to number 15 in Australia and number 17 in New Zealand. It was a minor success in the United Kingdom where it peaked at #44.

## Track listing
**7-inch vinyl'''
:# "Let's Go to Bed" – 3:35
:# "Just One Kiss" – 4:10
**12-inch vinyl**
:# "Let's Go to Bed" (Extended Mix) – 7:04
:# "Just One Kiss" (Extended Mix) – 7:02
**US 7-inch vinyl**
:# "Let's Go to Bed" – 3:34
:# "Boys Don't Cry" – 2:36
**US 12-inch vinyl**
:# "Let's Go to Bed" – 7:45
:# "Just One Kiss" – 7:18
:# "Let's Go to Bed" (edit) – 3:35

## References
The Walk (The Cure song)

"**The Walk**" is a 1983 song by English gothic rock band The Cure and was released as a stand-alone single. It went to the top 20 in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

## Track listing
**7"**
# "The Walk"
# "The Dream"

**12"**
# "The Upstairs Room”
# "The Dream"
# "The Walk"
# "Lament"

**US mini-LP**

# "The Upstairs Room"
# "Just One Kiss"
# "The Dream"
# "The Walk"
# "Lament"
# "Let's Go to Bed (Extended Version)" (only available on some later European releases)

## References
Home on Monday

"**Home on A Monday**" is a 1977 song by Australian band Little River Band and is the third single from their third studio album *Diamantina Cocktail*. It went to number 12 in the Netherlands and number 73 in Australia.

## Track listing
;Australian 7" (EMI 11522)
:Side A. "Home on Monday" - 3:40
:Side B. "Raelene, Raelene" - 4:27

;Dutch 7" (EMI 5C 006-82401)
:Side A. "Home On Monday - 3:47
:Side B. "The Inner Light" - 3:25
Disney Channel (Canadian TV channel)

**Disney Channel** is a Canadian English language channel. It is owned by Corus Entertainment.

## Other websites
*
Keith Farmer

**Keith Farmer** (1987 - 10 November 2022) was a Northern Irish motorcycle racer. He was four time national champion. He has been described as "one of Northern Ireland's most successful motorcyclists".

Farmer became 2011 National Superstock 600 Championship champion 2012 and 2018 National Superstock 1000cc champion. He also became 2017 British Supersport Championship champion. Farmer was a member of prominent BSB teams, including the Paul Bird Motorsport team, Buildbase Suzuki and TAS Racing. Farmer retired in 2012 due to injuries from accidents.

Farmer died suddenly on 10 November 2022 at the age of 35 years.

## References
István Bubik

István Bubik [ˈiʃtvaːn ˈbubik] (born 19 May 1958 in Budapest; died 28 November 2004 in Ceglédbercel) was a Hungarian actor.
## Works
After graduating from the Hochschule für Film und Schauspiel Budapest, he was a member of the Hungarian National Theater. From 1993 (after a short stay in London) he played in the Budapester Művész-Theater (later Thália-Theater). Since 1998, he has been a member of the Neuen Theaters (New Theater) in Budapest. He was awarded with the Jászai-Mari-Preis, the Rajz-János-Preis, and the Farkas-Ratkó-Preis for his acting performances.

Then in 1999 he directed the film "Ein Hauch von Sonnenschein" (Director: István Szabó). Sein letzter Film war 2003 der Film "St. Ivan's Day".
## Family
Bubik was married since 1992 to the singer Tünde Rémi and the father of the daughter Réka Hajnalka who was born in the year 2000.
Government of Nepal

The **Government of Nepal** () is the federal executive authority of Nepal. Before the end of the Nepali monarchy in 2006 (became republic in 2008), it was officially known as '''His Majesty's Government'''.

The head of state is the president. The prime minister holds the position of the head of executive. The role of president is largely ceremonial. The functions of the government are managed entirely by the prime minister (PM). The PM is appointed by the Parliament. 

The heads of constitutional bodies are appointed by the president on the recommendation of Constitutional Council, with the exception of the attorney general (AG). AG is appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister.

## List of governors 
## References
Rastrapati Bhawan

The **Rastrapati Bhawan** (, , "Presidential Palace") is the official residence of the President of Nepal. It is in Kathmandu, Nepal. 

It hosts the **Office of The President of Nepal** (). The main palace building was and still is known as Sital Niwas. It was built by Rana Prime Minister Chandra Shumsher JBR in 1923.
## References
Ministry of Defence (Nepal)

The **Ministry of Defence** is governmental body in Nepal. It formulates defence policies and coordinates defence affairs with other government agencies and the Nepalese Armed Forces.
HD 1

**HD 1** (also named **HIP 422**), is the first star catalogued in the *Henry Draper Catalogue* and the 422nd star catalogued in the Hipparcos Catalogue. The star is located in the constellation Cepheus. It has an apparent magnitude of 7.42 which makes it visible in binoculars, but not to the naked eye. The star is located far away at 1,220 light years but is moving towards the Solar System with a spectroscopic radial velocity of −27.3 km/s.

## References
NGC 3109

**NGC 3109** is a small barred Magellanic type spiral galaxy or irregular galaxy around 4.34 million ly away in the direction of the constellation of Hydra. NGC 3109 is believed to be tidally interacting with the dwarf elliptical galaxy Antlia Dwarf. It was discovered by John Herschel on March 24, 1835 while he was in what is now South Africa.

## Size and morphology 
NGC 3109 is classified as a Magellanic type irregular galaxy, but it may actually be a small spiral galaxy. If it is a spiral galaxy, it would be the smallest in the Local Group. NGC 3109 has a mass of about 2.3×10⁹ times the mass of the Sun, of which 20% of the mass is in the form of neutral hydrogen. It is positioned edge-on from our point of view, and may contain a disk and a halo. The disk appears to be composed of stars of all ages, on the other hand, the halo contains only very old and metal-poor stars. NGC 3109 does not appear to have a galactic nucleus.

From measurements of the neutral atomic hydrogen in the galaxy, it has been found that the disk of NGC 3109 is twisted. This twist has the same radial velocity as gas in the Antlia Dwarf galaxy, showing that the two galaxies had a close meeting about 1 billion years ago.

## References
7800° Fahrenheit

***7800° Fahrenheit*** is the second studio album by American hard rock band Bon Jovi and released on 27 March, 1985 through Mercury Records. It went to number 5 in Japan, number 6 in Finland, number 10 in Sweden, number 11 in Switzerland, number 28 in Australia and the United Kingdom and number 37 in the United States.

## Track listing
*Some editions of the album list "To the Fire" as "(I Don't Wanna Fall) to the Fire"

## References
You're Sixteen

"'''You're Sixteen**" is a 1960 song by Johnny Burnette and went to number 3 in the United Kingdom and number 8 in the United States.

## Ringo Starr version
In 1973, Ringo Starr released his version of **You're Sixteen'* from his third studio album *Ringo''. It topped the single charts in the United States and New Zealand. It went to number 2 in Canada and Ireland, number 3 in South Africa, number 4 in the United Kingdom and number 6 in Australia, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland.
One Wild Night Live 1985–2001

***One Wild Night Live 1985-2001*** is a live album from American hard rock band Bon Jovi released on 22 May, 2001. The album includes live covers of ''Rockin' in the Free World* and *I Don't Like Mondays''. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom and number 20 in the United States.

## Track listing
Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?

"**Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?**" is a 1999 song by Moby and is the fourth single taken from his fifth studio album *Play*. It went to number 3 in Germany, number 4 in Austria and Switzerland, number 11 in Belgium, number 15 in Iceland and number 16 in the United States.

## Track listings
* **UK CD1 **
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?"
# "Flying Foxes"
# "Princess"
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 

* **UK CD2 **
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 

* **UK 12-inch single **
:A1. "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 
:B1. "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 
:B2. "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 

* **UK cassette single (with "Honey") **
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?"
# "Honey" 

* **UK CD1 (with "Honey") **
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?"
# "Honey" 
# "Flower" – 3:25

* **UK CD2 (with "Honey") **
# "Honey" 
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 
# "The Sun Never Stops Setting"

* **Australian CD single **
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?"
# "Flying Foxes"
# "Princess"
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 
# "Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?" 

## References
NGC 300

**NGC 300** (also known as **Caldwell 70**) is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Sculptor. It is one of the nearest galaxies to the Local Group. It probably lies between that and the Sculptor Group. 

The galaxy is the brightest of the five main spirals in the direction of the Sculptor Group. It is at an angle of 42° when viewed from Earth, and looks rather like the Triangulum Galaxy. It is 94,000 light years in diameter, somewhat smaller than the Milky Way, and has an estimated mass of (2.9 ± 0.2) × 1010 *M*☉.

The distance of **NGC 300** from us is about six million light years.

## Nearby galaxies and group information 
NGC 300 and the irregular galaxy NGC 55 are members of the Sculptor Group. This is a nearby group of galaxies in the constellation of the Sculptor. Recent measurements of their distance suggest these two galaxies are in the foreground. NGC 300 and NGC 55 probably form a gravitationally bound pair.

## References
It's a Long Way There (Greatest Hits)

'''''It's a Long Way There (Greatest Hits)*** is a 1978 greatest hits album by Australian band Little River Band and was released in Australia and New Zealand. It went to number 4 in Australia and number 12 in New Zealand.

## Track listing
** Side A *'
# "Curiosity (Killed the Cat)" - 3:40
# "Emma" - 3:35
# "Everyday of My Life" - 3:51
# "It's a Long Way There" - 8:39
# "Help Is on Its Way" - 4:04

** Side B **
# "Witchery" - 2:45
# "Happy Anniversary" - 4:03
# "Home on Monday" - 3:53
# "Shut Down Turn Off" - 3:55
# "Reminiscing"	- 4:11
# "Lady" - 4:55

*Notes
Tracks A1, A2 & A4 are taken from *Little River Band* (1975) 
Track A3 is taken from *After Hours* (1976) 
Tracks A5, B1, B2 & B3 are taken from *Diamantina Cocktail* (1977) 
Tracks B4, B5 & B6 are taken from *Sleeper Catcher* (1978)
Kamyshin school massacre

On March 9, 1997, an incident occurred at the Kamyshin High Military Construction Command and Engineering School. In the incident, six students died and two students were injured. It was the first known incident of school shooting in modern Russia.

## Course of events 
At around 4 a.m. on 9 March 1997, 18-year-old cadet Sergei Lepnev, who surrendered his gun during the change of guard, opened fire on other cadets after he shot the guard Gennady Ivanov in the head. When Lepnev went to finish Pavel Grigoryev's work, the bullet in his gun ran out and they fled the scene with Arefyov.

## Punishments 
The court sentenced Arefyev to 3.5 years in prison and Lepnev to death. These sentences were commuted to a 25-year strict regime due to the moratorium. Lepnev is currently serving his sentence in the "White Swan" penitentiary. He was tried to be released on parole in March 2021.  

## Join 
Described as a "good boy" by his acquaintances, Sergei Lepnev studied well and had no problems at school. 

## References
Spania

**Spania** () was a province of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) from 552 until 624. Spania was created after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. During this time, Visgothic and Suebi people had took over the Iberian Peninsula.

## History 
Byzantine emperor Justinian I tried to restore the western provinces of the Empire. Spania was established in what is now the Balearic Islands and southern Andalusia.

## Notes
Copan brook frog

The **Copan brook frog** (*Duellmanohyla soralia*) is a frog. It lives in Honduras and Guatemala.  Scientists have seen it between 40 and 1200 meters above sea level in Honduras and between 725 and 1200 m above sea level in Guatemala.

The adult male frog is 26.8-32 mm long from nose to rear end and the largest adult female frogs are 38 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back is brown with green and black marks.  The iris of the eye is red in color.

The tadpoles swim in pools in mountain streams where the water moves slowly.

This frog is in danger of dying out.  Human beings change the places where it lives to collect wood for building.  Diseases can also kill this frog.  For example, the fungal disease chytridiomycosis can kill this frog.

The frog's scientific name comes from the Greek language word "soralia," which is about lichen.  The marks on the frog's back make scientists think of lichen.

## References
DWHB-DTV

**DWHB-DTV** (channel 26) is a television station in Baguio City, Philippines, owned and operated by Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media Inc. The station maintains a transmitter facility atop Mt. Sto. Tomas, Tuba, Benguet.

## Digital television
DWHB-TV currently operates on UHF Channel 26 (545.143&nbsp;MHz) and is multiplexed into the following subchannels:

## Areas of coverage 
### Primary areas 
* Baguio 
* Benguet

#### Secondary areas 
* Dagupan
* Pangasinan
* La Union
* Portion of Nueva Ecija
* Portion of Tarlac
* Portion of Pampanga
* Portion of Bulacan
* Portion of Ilocos Sur
NGC 55

**NGC 55** is a Magellanic type barred spiral galaxy located about 6.5 million light years away in the constellation Sculptor. Along with its neighbor NGC 300, it is one of the closest galaxies to the Local Group, probably lying between the Milky Way and the Sculptor Group. It has an estimated mass of (2.0 ± 0.4) × 1010 *M*☉.

## Nearby galaxies and group information 
NGC 55 and the spiral galaxy NGC 300 have permanently been identified as members of the Sculptor Group, a nearby group of galaxies in the constellation of Sculptor. However, recent distance measurements point to that the two galaxies actually lie in the foreground.

It is likely that NGC 55 and NGC 300 form a gravitationally bound pair.

## References
SWMRS

**SWMRS** are an American punk rock band formed in Piedmont, California in 2004 by Cole Becker and Joey Armstrong, with Becker's brother Max Becker joining only a few weeks afterwards.

## History 
The band was formed by Cole Becker and Joey Armstrong.

## Band members 
* Cole Becker - lead vocals, rhythm guitar (2004-present)
* Max Becker - lead guitar, backing vocals (2004-present)
* Seb Mueller - bass, backing vocals (2014-present)
* Joey Armstrong - drums, percussion, backing vocals (2004-present)

## Discography 
## References
JVKE

**Jacob Lawson**, best known as **JVKE** or **Jake** (born March 3, 2001), is an American singer and songwriter. He is known mainly for his TikTok skit videos. One of them made him go viral in 2021. The platform was where he started showing his production and making of his songs, mainly with his mother. In July 2022, Lawson announced his biggest song yet, named "Golden Hour". He announced a music video for the song two months later.

Within a week of the songs release it became Lawson's first debut on the Billboard Hot 100. He topped at #71. His song also reached New Zealand where it starred at #34.

## Early life and education 
Lawson was born on March 3, 2001 to his mother a public school music teacher and his father a pastor. Lawson is related to Zachary Lawson, his brother. He is a Grammy-nominated producer. At an early age, Lawson joined a Catholic school in his city. Later he joined his hometown's public high school of which he graduated.

## TikTok, Rise in Fame, Albums and Golden Hour 
In 2020, during the coronavirus quarantine JVKE and his family joined TikTok. With his mother he announced the song *Upside Down.* His song quickly blew up on the platform. His following grew within it. The song is what the platform now considers a *Mega-Viral Song.*  It went on to have a remix featuring Charlie Puth another growing artist at the time.

In September 2021, Lawson announced an entire album that he'd produce called *This is What Falling In Love Feels Like,* The first song was the name of the album followed by many other songs which continued being produced onto 2022, The album blew up like Upside Down on TikTok. It reached a higher popularity with the app growing since 2020 by the millions.

After the success of This is What Falling in Love Feels Like he announced Golden Hour in July and This is What Sadness Feels Feels Like to mark the one year anniversary of the album. A day later on 23 September 2022 he announced his debut album ***this is what ____ feels like.***  From here Golden Hour started to get noticed by the general public. The song just from July to November ranked up nearly 25 million views,  his biggest hit yet.

## References
Please Please Me (song)

"**Please Please Me**" is a 1963 song by The Beatles and is the title track to their debut studio album *Please Please Me*. It went to #1 in the United Kingdom, #2 in New Zealand, #3 in the United States, #4 in Italy, #5 in Canada, #7 in Sweden and #10 in Ireland.

## References 
## Sources 
*
Ask Me Why

"**Ask Me Why**" is a 1963 song by The Beatles. It is from their debut studio album *Please Please Me*. It is the B-side to the single "Please Please Me".

## References
Hallelujah I Love Her So

"**Hallelujah I Love Her So**" is a 1956 song by Ray Charles and was covered by Eddie Cochran in 1959. It went to number 22 in the United Kingdom.
Asian Americans in Nevada

Asian Americans are an ethnic group in the US state of Nevada.  As of the 2020 U.S. Census, Asian Americans were 9.1% of the state's population.

## Demographics 
## References
The Hardest Part Is the Night

"**The Hardest Part Is the Night**" is a 1985 song by American hard rock band Bon Jovi and taken from their second studio album *7800° Fehrenheit*. It went to number 68 in the United Kingdom and was their first UK single to chart.

## References
Chris Koerts

**Chris Koerts** (10 December 1947 – 10 November 2022) was a Dutch guitarist, composer and record producer.

Koerts was born in Leiden in 1947 and spent part of his childhood in Indonesia. At the age of 14, Koerts started a duo with his twin brother Gerard Koerts called *The Singing Twins*. In 1967 they founded the rock and pop band Earth and Fire. The first hit *Seasons* was written by George Kooymans but later the Koerts brothers started writing their own songs. The most successful one was *Weekend*. In 1979 Koerts left the band and started studying musicology. There was a comeback tour in 1987. In 1988, the Koerts brothers returned as *Earth and Fire Orchestra* and released two albums ( and ). Together they also wrote and produced music for singer Anneke Grönloh and Kinderen voor Kinderen. 

## References
Roma people in Belgium

The Council of Europe estimates that there are around 30,000 Romani people living in Belgium (0.29% of the population).

## References
## Other websites
*Factsheet on the Roma Genocide in Belgium
*Belgium
*REYN Belgium
Midnights

***Midnights*** is the tenth studio album by American singer Taylor Swift. It was released on October 21, 2022.

The lead single, "Anti-Hero", was released the same day as the album. It entered the *Billboard* Hot 100 at number one and became Swift's ninth US number-one song.

*Midnights* debuted at the top of the *Billboard* 200 chart in the US with over 1.5 million copies sold in its first week there alone. It became the first album to sell over a million copies in its first week since Adele's *25* (2015).  After the album's release, Swift became the first artist to chart within the entire top ten of the Hot 100.

## References
Sunny Day (TV series)

***Sunny Day*** is an American animated series that aired on Nick Jr. through 2017 to 2020. It is about a hair stylist named Sunny (voiced by Lila Crawford) and her dog Doodle and her two best friends Rox (voiced by Élan Luz Rivera), who colors hair and Blair (voiced by Taylor Louderman), who paints nails.

## References
Carolina Losada

**Carolina Losada** (born 16 December 1972) is an Argentine politician, television presenter and journalist.

## Personal life 
She is engaged to fellow senator Luis Petcoff Naidenoff.
## References
Second Coming (album)

**Second Coming** is the second and final studio album by The Stone Roses. The album was released on January 17, 1995.

## Track listing
# "Breaking into Heaven" – 11:21
# "Driving South" – 5:09
# "Ten Storey Love Song" – 4:29
# "Daybreak" – 6:33
# "Your Star Will Shine" – 2:59
# "Straight to the Man" – 3:15
# "Begging You" – 4:56
# "Tightrope" – 5:40
# "Good Times" – 4:28
# "Tears" – 6:50
# "How Do You Sleep" – 4:59
# "Love Spreads" – 5:46

## References
Yi Gwang-sik

**Yi Gwang-sik**(이광식;李光軾, 1493 - 1563) was Korean Joseon Dynastys politicians and general. chinese style name was **Baikheum**(백흠, 伯欽). he was korean one general commander, famed for his victories against the Japanese navy during war 'the Eulmyowaebyun'(을묘왜변) of 1555 in the Joseon Dynastys. 

## Life 
He was born Gangreung in Province Gangwon. 1543 his title of Pyungando Byungma Jeoldosa (Hangul:평안도병마절도사, Hanja:平安道兵馬節度使), literally meaning "Naval Commander of the Pyungando Provinces," 1543 Manchuria was invasion of Pyungando, it was perhaps his most remarkable military achievement occurred at the negotiation. 1546 Byungjochampan(병조참판, 兵曹參判), 1548 reappointed Pyungando Pyungma Jeoldosa, 1555 Jeonrado Byungma Jeoldosa (Hangul:전라도병마절도사, Hanja:全羅道兵馬節度使).

when 1555 Japanese military was Korean 10 Castle in Jeonranamdo, in 'the Eulmyowaebyun'(을묘왜변). he was quickly led the victory of a small military numbers battle. prevented the spread of the war of ather country.

## References
## Other websites 
* 강원의 인물-이광식 
* 이광식:여주시사 
* 이광식 
* 조선왕조실록
Drive-In Saturday

"**Drive-In Saturday**" is a 1973 glam rock song by David Bowie and is the second single from his sixth studio album *Aladdin Sane*. It went the top three in the United Kingdom.

## References
Summer Breeze (song)

"**Summer Breeze**" is a 1972 song by American duo Seals and Crofts and is the title track from their fourth studio album *Summer Breeze*. It went to number 6 in Canada and the United States, number 14 in New Zealand and number 16 in Australia.

## Isley Brothers version
In 1974, The Isley Brothers covered *Summer Breeze*. It was taken from their 11th studio album *3 + 3*. It went to number 16 in the United Kingdom and number 60 in the United States.

## References
Man on the Corner

"**Man on the Corner**" is a 1982 song by Genesis and is the fourth and final single from their 11th studio album *Abacab*. It went to number 40 in the United States and number 41 in the United Kingdom.
You Make Loving Fun

"**You Make Loving Fun**" is a 1977 song by British American band Fleetwood Mac and taken from their 11th studio album *Rumours*. It made number 7 in Canada, number 9 in the United States, number 22 in the Netherlands, number 26 in New Zealand and number 45 in the United Kingdom. It was covered by Cyndi Lauper in 1984.
Poundcake (song)

"**Poundcake**" is a 1991 song by Van Halen and is the opening track from their ninth studio album *For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge*. It topped the Billboard mainstream rock chart and also charted in Australia and the United Kingdom.

## References
Charlotte Sometimes (song)

"**Charlotte Sometimes**" is a 1981 song by English gothic rock band The Cure and was released as a stand-alone single. It went to number 44 in the United Kingdom. It is based on the 1969 novel *Charlotte Sometimes* by Penelope Farmer.

## Track listing 
; 7" vinyl

; 12" vinyl
52nd Street (album)

***52nd Street*** is the sixth studio album by Billy Joel and released on 11 October, 1978 through Columbia Records. It topped the album charts in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. It is a follow-up to his breakthrough album *The Stranger* and won 2 Grammy Awards.

## Track listing
All songs written and composed by Billy Joel.
Sven-Bertil Taube

**Sven-Bertil Gunnar Evert Taube**, (24 November 1934 – 11 November 2022) was a Swedish singer and actor. He was the son of Evert Taube. Taube died in London on 11 November 2022 at age 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
2004–05 Austrian Cup

The **2004–05 Austrian Cup** was the 71st season of the nationwide cup competition in Austrian football. FK Austria Wien were the defending champions. 
## First round 
## Second round
## Round of 16
## Quarter finals
## Semi-finals
## Final
**FK Austria Wien:**Szabolcs Sáfár – Rabiu Afolabi, Fernando Troyansky, Saša Papac, Ernst Dospel, Libor Sionko, Jocelyn Blanchard, Didier Dheedene, Sebastian Mila (56. Richard Kitzbichler), Ivica Vastić (83. Radosław Gilewicz), Sigurd Rushfeldt (89. Krysztof Ratajczyk).
coach :Peter Stöger

**SK Rapid Wien:**Helge Payer – Ferdinand Feldhofer, György Garics (70. Axel Lawarée), Thomas Burgstaller (62. Andreas Dober), Markus Hiden (46. Jiři Lenko), György Korsos, Andreas Ivanschitz, Steffen Hofmann, Sebastián Martínez, Florian Sturm, Marek Kincl.
coach:Josef Hickersberger

## Top goalscorers
## References
Honduran brook frog

The **Honduran brook frog** (*Duellmanohyla salvavida*) is a frog. It lives in Honduras.  Scientists have seen it between 90 and 1400 m above sea level in Honduras in rainforests.

The adult male frog is 25.1-28 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 34 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is green in color, light or dark.  The belly is yellow.  There is a white stripe on the face underneath the eye.  The stripe goes down the side of the body.  There is a whitish spot above the place where the legs meet the body.  The insides of the legs are light yellow in color.  The iris of the eye is red in color.

This frog is in danger of dying out.  Human beings change the places where it lives.  They cut down trees to make farms and towns.  Droughts can kill this frog.  Floods can kill this frog.  Other animals, including some animals brought to the area by humans by accident can eat this frog.  Climate change can kill this frog because there is more ultraviolet light.  Diseases kill this frog.  For example, the fungal disease chytridiomycosis can kill this frog.

The scientific name of this frog, *salvavida*, means "lifesaver." The scientists named it after a Honduran beer called Salvavida.

## References
Ayyubid Sultanate

The **Ayyubid Sultanate** (Arabic: الأيوبيون *al-Ayyūbīyūn*; Kurdish: ئەیووبیەکان, Eyûbiyan) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin that ruled Egypt, Syria, the Jazira and the Yemen in the 12th and 13th centuries. The name of the dynasty is attributed to Ayyub b. Shadhi, the father of Saladin. The Ayyūbids played a significant role in the history of the region, notably ending Fatimid, uniting Syria and Egypt, and defeating the Crusaders.    

Saladin, founder of the dynasty, was Kurdish and the former vizier of Fatimid Caliphate.

## Kurd or Arab? 
Bosworth states that the Ayyubids belonged to the Hadhbani tribe of the Kurds, but argues that the Ayyubids were considerably Arabized. 

Humphreys also identifies Saladin as a Kurd and the Ayyubids as a Kurdish family. He argues that the Ayyubids were not specifically a Kurdish state, and that at the level of political structure, the governing attitudes of the Ayyubid confederation were not significantly different from those of previous Arab states such as the Abbasids and Fatimids, which can certainly be attributed to the political institutions of their original homeland. Humphreys takes into account Minorsky's speculations on the "Arab origins" of the Ayyubids. 

Tabaa, on the other hand, argues that over time the Ayyubids drastically moved away from their Kurdish origins and became decidedly Arabized. 

### Medieval historiography 
Various medieval historians spoke of Saladin's Kurdishness:

Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (1193–1266) at *Tabaqat-i Nasiri*:  

The Chronography of Bar Habraeus (1225–1286):

Ibn Khallikan (1211–1282) at *Wafayat al-Ayan*:

## References 
## Sources 
* 
*  
*
*
* 
*
*
* 
*

## Notes