open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ksenia Borodina

**Ksenia Kimovna Borodina** (born **Amoyeva**) (; born on March 8, 1983) is a Russian television presenter and actress. Since 2004 she is presenter of reality show *House 2*.

## Personal life 
From 2008 to 2011, Ksenia was married to businessman Yury Budagov. They have one child together — a daughter named Maria Budagova (b. June 10, 2009).

From June 2011 to August 2012, Ksenia has been in relationship with now ex-member of *House 2* Mikhail Teryokhin. They were engaged just a month before their split.

Currently lives with her daughter Maria in Moscow (Russia).

July 3, 2015, she married businessman Kurban Omarov.

## Other websites 
*
Preciosa

***Preciosa*** (English: *Precious*) is the fourth LP record by Mexican-American Tejano pop band, Selena y Los Dinos. The album's name was inspired by Selena's nickname.

## Track listing
## Re-Release 
This album is was re-released entitled *Classic Series, Vol. 4* in 2007.
Nguni languages

The **Nguni languages** are a group of Bantu languages spoken by the Nguni people. These languages are spoken in Southern Africa, mostly in South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. Nguni languages include Xhosa, Zulu, Swati, Hlubi, Phuthi and Ndebele (both Southern Ndebele and Northern Ndebele). 

The name "Nguni" comes from a man called Mnguni. He is a descendant of Ntu from Central Africa. Mnguni's descendants lived in the present day KwaZulu-Natal and some of his descendants crossed Mtamvuna River and gave birth to the Xhosa speakers whilst others ended up in present day, Swaziland, and today are known as Swati people. Others ended up in Mpumalanga and Limpopo where today are known as Southern Ndebeles. Others ended up crossing Limpopo River and are living in Zimbabwe and known also as Ndebeles. 

## Language organization 
The Nguni languages are a sub-group of the Southern Bantu languages. These languages exist in a relatively small geographic area. The languages are closely related and sound very much alike. Many times the different languages are mutually intelligible -- that is, someone who speaks one Nguni language can understand someone speaking a different Nguni language.

Linguists and other researchers split the Nguni languages into two smaller groups: "Zunda Nguni" and "Tekela Nguni". 

### Zunda languages
* Zulu (10 million)
* Xhosa (8 million)
* Northern Ndebele (or 'Zimbabwean Ndebele') (1,6 million)

### Tekela languages
* Swati (3 million)
* Phuthi  (20,000)
* Bhaca,  Hlubi, Cele and Lala.

## References
### Works cited 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites
* Nguni languages at the Ethnologue. Accessed 2011-07-03.
Unforgettable (Selena album)

***Unforgettable*** is a four-disc box-set series of Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The albums were released, promotionally, during the Selena ¡VIVE! tribute concert on April 5, 2005. It managed to impact several *Billboard* music charts in the United States.

## Unforgettable: The Live Album 
### Track listing 
# Como La Flor (from Selena Live!)
# Amor Prohibido (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# Baila Esta Cumbia (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# Ya Ves (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# Las Cadenas (from Selena Live!)
# Yo Te Amo (from Selena Live!)
# Tus Desprecios (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# Cobarde (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# Si La Quieres (from Selena Live!)
# El Chico Del Apartamento 512 (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# Bidi Bidi Bom Bom (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# Si Una Vez (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# Que Creias (from Selena Live!)
# No Me Queda Mas (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# Como La Flor (from Selena Live! The Last Concert)
# No Debes Jugar
# La Llamada

## Unforgettable: The Studio Album 
### Track listing 
# Como La Flor
# La Carcacha
# No Debes Jugar
# La Llamada
# Amor Prohibido
# No Me Queda Mas
# Fotos Y Recuerdos
# El Chico Del Apartamento 512
# Bidi Bidi Bom Bom
# Techno Cumbia
# Si Una Vez
# Tu, Solo Tu
# I Could Fall In Love
# Dreaming Of You
# Puede Ser
# No Quiero Saber
# Baila Esta Cumbia

## Unforgettable: Ultimate Edition 
This box-set includes the first two *Unforgettable* series and two DVDs.

### DVD tracklistings 
*Selena Videos: Disc 3*
#No Quiero Saber
#La Carcacha
#Buenos Amigos
#La Llamada
#Amor Prohibido
#No Me Queda Más
#Bidi Bidi Bom Bom
#Techno Cumbia
#Donde Quiera Que Estés
#Tú, Sólo Tú
#Siempre Hece Frío
#I Could Fall in Love
#Dreaming of You

*Selena Remembered: Disc 4*
#Music Legend
#Beginning
#Tejano Superstar
#Label Deal
#Evolution
#Entre a Mi Mundo
#Breakthrough
#Amor Prohibido
#Selena's World
#Dreaming of You

## Charts 
### Studio Album 
### Special Edition 
### The Live Album 
## References
Mis Mejores Canciones - 17 Super Éxitos

***Mis Mejores Canciones - 17 Super Exitos*** (English: *My Best Songs - 17 Super Hits*) is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The album sold more than 1,200,000 copies in the United States being certified 6× Platinum by the RIAA.

## Track listing 
#"Como La Flor"
#"Mentiras"
#"Qué Creías"
#"Besitos"
#"Yo Fui Aquella"
#"Despues De Enero"
#"Vuelve A Mi"
#"No Quiero Saber"
#"Costumbres"
#"Tengo Ganas De Llorar"
#"Baila Esta Cumbia"
#"Yo Me Voy"
#"La Carcacha"
#"Tú Eres"
#"Sukiyaki"
#"Estoy Contigo"
#"La Tracalera"

## Certifications and sales 
**Notes**
Note that RIAA has launched its Oro y De Platino certification scheme for those albums the 50% of the content of which are in Spanish, initially, the award-levels for Oro y De Platino were: Gold=100,000 and Platinum=200,000. In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.

## References
12 Super Éxitos

***12 Super Exitos*** is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The album sold more than 500,000 copies in the United States, being certified Gold by the RIAA. 

## Track listing 
# "Si Una Vez"
# "La Llamada"
# "No debes Jugar"
# "Las Cadenas"
# "Techno Cumbia"
# "Tú Robaste Mi Corazón" (with Emilio Navaira)
# "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom"
# "No Quiero Saber"
# "La Carcacha"
# "Missing My Baby"
# "Como La Flor"
# "Qué Creías"

## Certifications and sales 
## References
Selena y Los Dinos (album)

***Selena y Los Dinos*** is the debut LP record by Tejano pop band Selena y Los Dinos. It was released on July 16, 1984 under Freddie Records, an independent studio label in South Texas. Selena's father, Abraham Quintanilla Jr, removed his children from Freddie Records after he had told him that Selena would never become a famous singer, could not bring in large crowds, and wasn't professionally ready to release a full-length album. Selena was also underpaid because she was a female in a male-dominate genre and no could understand a female singer lead a Tejano band. She was made fun of and even booed off-stage by Tejano fans. Undetermined, Abraham moved his children to Cara Records. The album was re-released in 1995, after Selena's murder, entitled *Mis Primeras Grabcaciones* (English: *My First Recordings*)

## Track listing 
## Release history 
## Other websites 
*Selena official website
*http://www.selenaforever.com/Site_Guide/Music_Information.html
*http://www.selenaforever.com/Selenamusic/selenadiscography.html
Selena Live! The Last Concert

***Selena Live: The Last Concert*** is the second live album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer Selena. The entire album was recorded during Selena's Amor Prohibido Tour at the Houston Astrodome on February 26, 1995. Which became Selena's final televised concert before she was murdered, weeks later. The album has been certified Platinum (Latin type) by RIAA with shipments of 200,000 copies in the United States.

## Track listing 
## Sales and certifications 
**Notes**
Note that RIAA has launched its Oro y De Platino certification scheme for those albums the 50% of the content of which are in Spanish, initially, the award-levels for Oro y De Platino were: Gold=100,000 and Platinum=200,000. In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.

## References
Lyanka Gryu

**Lyanka Georgievna Gryu** (, , November 22, 1987) is a Russian stage, film, and TV actress. Her father is the Moldovan actor Gheorghe Grâu.

## Personal life 
On July 9, 2010 Leanca married film director and composer Mihail Vainberg. They have one child, a son named Maxim Vainberg (born on February 20, 2011). She lives with her family in Moscow (Russia).

## Other websites 
*
Las Reinas Del Pueblo

***Las Reinas Del Pueblo*** (English: *The Queens of The People*) is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena and Tejano singer Graciela Beltrán. The album was released several weeks after Selena's murder. The album impacted several music charts on *Billboard*.

## Track listing 
# Como La Flor - (with Selena)
# Baraja de Oro - (with Graciela Beltrán)
# No Debes Jugar - (with Selena)
# Pilares de Cristal - (with Graciela Beltrán)
# Bidi Bidi Bom Bom - (with Selena)
# Tu Me Dijiste Adios - (with Graciela Beltrán)
# La Llamada - (with Selena)
# Mi Triunfo - (with Graciela Beltrán)
# ¿Qué Creías? - (with Selena)
# Tu Recado - (with Graciela Beltrán)
# La Carcacha - (with Selena)
# Morena y Delgadita - (with Graciela Beltrán)

## Charts
**Album**

## References
Exitos Y Recuerdos

***Exitos y Recuerdos*** (English: *Hits and Memories*) is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. 

## Track listing 
#"Baila Esta Cumbia"
#"Ya Ves"
#"Como La Flor"
#"Tengo Gana De Llorar"
#"Vuelve A Mi"
#"Que Creias"
#"Sukiyaki"
#"Si La Quieres"
#"Besitos"

## Charts 
## References
Selena: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

***Selena: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack*** is the soundtrack album for the movie of the same name. The soundtrack and movie were both inspired by Selena's life. The album sold more than 1,000,000 copies in the United States.

## Track listing
## Certifications 
## Charts 
## References
Immunosuppression

**Immunosuppression** means to lower the activity of the immune system. This can be done in case the immune system is likely to complicate a medical treatment, such as an organ transplant. Some diseases make the immune system attack healthy parts of the body, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. By decreasing the effectiveness of the immune system, the damage caused by the illness can be reduced. The most common drug used for this purpose is cortisol.
## Related pages
* Disease
* Physiology
* Human biology
* Autoimmune disease
David Garrett

**David Garrett** (born 4 September 1980) is a German classical violinist. He studied at the Royal College of Music in London and graduated from Juilliard School in New York City. There he was one of the first students to study under Itzhak Perlman.

## References
Springtail

**Springtails** (**Collembola**) are  six-legged arthropods. They used to be thought of as proto-insects,  but now they are not regarded as insects. They do not have wings.

They live in the soil, and eat fungal hyphae, spores, pollen and other organic material. They need moist soils, and have been known to damage crops.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* List of the Collembola of the World
* General information on Collembola
Moons of Haumea

The dwarf planet Haumea has two known moons, **Hiʻiaka** and **Namaka**. They are named after the daughters of the Hawaiian goddess of fertility and childbirth, *Haumea*. *Hiʻiaka* was the goddess of dance, and *Namaka* was the goddess of water and the sea. is the larger of the two moons, and it is farther away from the planet. It has large amounts of ice on its surface. Namaka, which is only one-tenth the size, has a strange orbit, affected by the larger moon. and was first nicknamed "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer". Namaka was discovered on 30 June, 2005, and was given the nickname "Blitzen the Reindeer." They were given their official names by the International Astronomical Union on 17 September, 2008.

## References
## Other websites
* Animation of the orbits of Haumea's moons 
* International Year of Astronomy 2009 podcast: Dwarf Planet Haumea (Darin Ragozzine)
But I'm a Cheerleader

'''''But I'm a Cheerleader''''' is a 1999 American LGBT-based romantic teen comedy-drama movie. The movie stars Natasha Lyonne as a high school cheerleader who thinks she's straight. But then she comes to discover that she's really a lesbian. The MPAA initially gave the movie an NC-17 rating. However, the movie was edited to get the much more marketable R rating. In 2006, the director of this movie criticized the MPAA for being prejudiced toward movies containing gay or lesbian material. But I'm a Cheerleader received mostly bad reviews from critics who did not like the movie.

## Other websites 
*
Circle of Life

"**Circle of Life**" is a song from the 1994 animated Disney movie *The Lion King*. The song's lyrics (words) were written by Tim Rice, and the music was written by Mbongeni Ngema. It was sung by Carmen Twillie and Lebo M. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song in 1994. Two other *Lion King* songs were also nominated: "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" and "Hakuna Matata." "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" won the award.

The beginning of the song is written in the Zulu language. The meaning is:

## References 
### Works cited 
* 
* 
*
Rings of Jupiter

The **Rings of Jupiter** are a number of rings which circle the planet Jupiter. It was the third set of rings found in the Solar System after the rings found around Saturn and Uranus. The rings are very difficult to see from Earth, needing the most powerful telescopes. They were not discovered until the Voyager 1 space probe visited the planet in 1979. The Galileo space probe carried out more studies in the 1990s. The Hubble Space Telescope and large Earth telescopes have provided information recently.

The ring system is faint and is made mainly of dust. They are known as *gossamer* rings because they are transparent, or "see through".

## References
Siempre Selena

***Siempre Selena*** (English: *Always Selena*) is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The album was specially designed, featuring various drawings of Selena in stage costumes, on the front and back cover, attached to a special type of CD case. The album was geared towards Selena fans, both old and new. The album included unreleased English and Spanish tracks, as well as remixes, of both old and recent songs.

The album was featured at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.

## Track listing 
#"Siempre Hace Frio" (Cuco Sanchez)
#"Only Love" (Mark Spiro, Robbie Buchanan)
#"Soy Amiga" (Ricky Vela)
#"Como Quisera" (A.B. Quintanilla III, Ricky Vela)
#"A Million to One" (Phil Medley)
#"Costumbres" (Juan Gabriel)
#"Cien Años" (Alberto Cervantes, Ruben Fuentes)
#"Tú Robaste Mi Corazón" (duet with Pete Astudillo) (Abraham Quintanilla III, Ricky Vela)
#"Ya No"  (Abraham Quintanilla III, Ricky Vela)
#"No Quiero Saber" (Abraham Quintanilla III, Pete Astudillo)

## Sales and certifications 
**Notes**
Note that RIAA has launched its Oro y De Platino certification scheme for those albums the 50% of the content of which are in Spanish, initially, the award-levels for Oro y De Platino were: Gold=100,000 and Platinum=200,000. In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.

## Succession 
## References
Vulcanoid asteroid

**Vulcanoid asteroids** are a special group of asteroids which may orbit close to the Sun, closer than the orbit of the planet Mercury. No vulcanoid has ever been discovered; it is not known if they ever existed. Because they would orbit so close to the Sun they could only be seen during twilight, or a solar eclipse. Their very small size could make them impossible to see. This part of the Solar System is described as being gravitationally stable, and every other similar stable area has asteroids. If they do exist, vulcanoids would be made of material that could help explain the formation of the planets. If they do not exist, then theories about how the planets were formed might have to change. They are called vulcanoids after a planet, Vulcan, which early astronomers thought they had seen close to the Sun. 

## References
Damocloid

A **damocloid** is an asteroid that takes a long time to orbit the Sun. They are very similar to the periodic comets, like Halley's Comet, but a damocloid does not have a tail like a comet. They are believed to be comets that have lost their volatile material and are dormant. Scientists think that they come from the Oort cloud. This is because some damocloids, such as C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS), later developed tails and became comets. Some damocloids also orbit in the same direction as comets, which is the opposite direction to asteroids. By January 2010, scientists had found 41 damocloids.

## References
## Other websites
*David Jewitt, A first look at the Damocloids
The Bad Girls Club (season 7)

***The Bad Girls Club: New Orleans*** is the seventh season of the reality television series *The Bad Girls Club*. Filming began in February 2011 in Kenner, Louisiana and was originally scheduled to premier on July 11, 2011. The premier date was later changed to August 1, 2011. Becoming the second season to be filmed outside of the shows original filming location, season seven's theme is Mardi Gras.

## Production 
Oxygen confirmed that there will be a seventh season of *The Bad Girls Club* several weeks before the season finale for season six. The show was called "Bad Girls Club Boot Camp" but was later changed to "Bad Girls Club: New Orleans". Filming started in February 2011 in Kenner, Louisiana. Several weeks later, basketball coach Bryon Scott allowed production at his mansion. Tamithia Shaw, for Interim Code Enforcement (ICE), said "[she] understands the [place] will be used for four months but that pre-production work  has been going on for two or three weeks". She also said that the cast was not there. This began to cause an  from neighbors.

The cast of season seven were asked to model for the "House of Lounge lingerie" at the New Orleans Fashion Week in March 2011.

### Conflicts 
On March 13, 2011, TMZ had announced that *The Bad Girls Club* were not allowed to be at eight clubs because the clubs did not want to be  with the show's "bad image" (not a good reputation). Season seven's cast were also not allowed at a Mardi Gras party, hosted by Pierre Thomas.

On April 12, 2011 Tasha Malek, one of the cast, had made a complaint about another cast member, Natasia Townsend. Malek told the local police that Townsend was removing her personal items into a garbage bag, while telling her that "she needed to leave the house". This statement outraged Malek as she and Townsend began a physical fight and wrestled to the floor.  They were later given summons by the police for disturbing the peace and disorderly conduct.

## Timeline of cast 
### Notes 
:Key:  = "Bad Girl" appears on this episode.
:Key:  = "Bad Girl" leaves the house.
:Key:  = "Bad Girl" removed from the house.
:Key:  = "Bad Girl" replacement arrives.
*  **Priscilla** was removed from the house in episode 9 after fighting with **Judi**.
*  **Cheyenne** replaced **Priscilla** in episode 9.
*  **Tasha** was removed from the house in episode 12 after she scratched **Nastasia** on the face.
*  **Cheyenne** is kicked out of the house by **Tiara** in the season finale. She was tricked by her into thinking it was her time to leave the show.
*  **Nastasia** was removed from the house in the season finale after she had started to fight with **Shelly**.

## Trivia 
* In the next and eighth season, Angelic, Judi, Nastasia, Cheyenne, Shelly, Tasha and Tiara were replaced by Amy, Danielle, Demitra, Erica, Gabrielle, Gia and Jenna.

## Episodes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Online game

**Online games** are games usually on the internet to entertain people. They are usually games where you have to control a certain person or object to do something. Most online games use the arrow keys, space bar and other keyboard characters to control the person or object. These can be referred to as mini games.

The other type of online games is a larger network where players log in with a user name and the game lets them interact with other 'players' and develop statistics, high scores, earn money, awards, badges or stamps. The games tend to be based on animals or virtual worlds. 

Another type of online game operates on a larger network, where players log in using a username and interact with other players in real time. These games allow users to develop statistics, track high scores, earn virtual currency, and receive awards, badges, or stamps. Such games are often based on animals, fantasy themes, or virtual worlds. In some cases, developers use tools such as delta executor to test gameplay mechanics, automate processes, or improve performance during development and experimentation like Roblox.
Survivor: South Pacific

***Survivor: South Pacific*** is the upcoming twenty-third season of the American CBS reality television series *Survivor*, which will premiere on Wednesday, September 14, 2011. *Survivor: South Pacific* was filmed in Upolu, Samoa, where Survivor: Samoa and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains had took place.

## References
Port Antonio, Jamaica

**Port Antonio** is a costal town in eastern Jamaica which is about 60 miles (100&nbsp;km) from Kingston. In the 1880s Lorenzo Dow Baker started the banana trade in Jamaica which made Port Antonio grow quickly, with more and more tourists arriving and departing in the banana boats. Its population 1982 was 12,285 growing to 13,246 in 1991. It is the island's third largest port, famous as a shipping point for bananas and coconuts, as well as one of its most important tourist attractions. Tourism is a major contributor to the town's economy.
Copy editing

**Copy editing**, or *sub-editing*, is about making written ideas better to read. The word 'copy' refers to written or typewritten text.

It is done by an editor. When copy-editing, the writing is changed to be more readable & accurate — it is made easier to read and more correct.

Copy-editing can include changing the:
* Grammar & punctuation
* Writing style — the way in which it is written.
* Format — the way in which the writing is arranged.
* Facts (if wrong).

## The editing process 
Copy editing is commonly done before typesetting and proofreading in the editing process. Proofreading is the last step.

## Related names and titles 
In the United States and Canada, an editor who does this work is called a **copy editor**, and an organization's highest-ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the copy chief, copy desk chief, or news editor. 

### Sub-editor 
In book publishing in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world that follow UK nomenclature, the term 'copy editor' is also used, but in newspaper and magazine publishing, the term is 'sub-editor' and commonly shortened to 'sub' or 'subbie'. As the 'sub' suggests, UK copy editors usually have less authority than regular editors. 'Editors' in book publishing generally have a responsibility for choosing authors and titles which will make for good sales. In magazines and newspapers they are executives, responsible for the business success of the enterprise.

#### The work of a sub-editor 
According to experienced editors, the main things a sub-editor does are: 
#To make sure readers can understand the text. The text should be, as far as possible, easy to read and interesting
#To make sure that anything  checkable *is* checked.
#To make sure any requirements are met, such as length and house style.
#To write instructions for how the copy should be organised in print.
#Writing headlines and proofreading may be done, according to the organisation.

Above all, the sub should "approach every story from the point of view of the reader".p6

## References
Mika Newton

**Oksana Stefanivna Hrytsai** (; born March 5, 1986), also known as **Mika Newton**, is a Ukrainian singer and actress. She represented Ukraine at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 and was fourth place.

## *Eurovision 2011* 
Newton was picked to represent Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany. She sang "Angel". It is a song by Ruslan Kvinta and Maryna Skomorohova.

In May 2011, in the final, Newton finished fourth with 159 points.

## Personal life 
In December 2018, Newton married talent agent Chris Saavedra. Her sister, Liliya Hrytsai, has been serving in the Ukrainian army since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Quellón, Chile

**Quellón** is a commune, city and port of Chile. According to the Chilean census on 2002, Quellón has an area of  and 21,823 inhabitants.

## Etymology 
The name of this city comes from the Mapudungun term *külon*, it means Maqui in Spanish.

## History 
It was founded on 1905 by the distilling company *Quellón* who extracted Alcohol from the forest trees.

This city is the most important port in Chiloé Island because there are industries dedicated to the salmon industry and the extraction of marine products from the sea.

## Gallery 

File:Escudo de Quellón.png|Coat of arms
File:El Centro de Quellon.jpg|Quellón downtown

## References 
## Other websites 
*Municipality of Quellón
San Pedro de la Paz

**San Pedro de la Paz** is a commune and city in Chile. According to the Chilean census in 2002, San Pedro de la Paz has an area of  and 80,447 inhabitants.

## History 
San Pedro de la Paz was founded on 1604 by the Spaniard governor Alonso de Ribera but the commune was established on 1995.

## Gallery 

File:Av pac.JPG|*Pedro Aguirre Cerda*, the main avenue of this city
File:Comuna de San Pedro de la Paz.svg|Location of *San Pedro de la Paz*.
File:Laguna San Pedro 1994.jpg|San Pedro's lagoon

## References 
## Other websites 
*Municipality of San Pedro de la Paz
Reed

**Reed** may mean
* a family name or given name
* Reed (instrument)
* Reed (plant)
* Reed College

## Places 
* Reed, Arkansas, United States
* Reed, California, United States
* Reed, Kentucky
* Reed, Wisconsin, United States
* Reed City, Michigan, United States
* Reed Creek, Georgia, United States
* Reed, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
* Reed, Norway
* Reed Point, Montana
* Reed Plantation, Maine, United States
* Reed Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States
Big Brother 13 (American season)

***Big Brother 13*** is the 13th season of the American reality television series
*Big Brother*. It premiered on July 7, 2011 on the CBS television network. The show is produced by Endemol USA and Fly on the Wall Entertainment. The 13th season was confirmed on the same day as the finale of *Big Brother 12* in a press release issued from CBS.

## Pre-season 
Casting for *Big Brother 13* began in mid-April. Applications and video tape submissions did not have a set deadline. Applicants chosen to be a finalist went to Los Angeles, California, from which applicants were narrowed down to a pool of 40 finalists. Casting calls were held around the United States on a later date. The cast has recently been selected, and they are now in sequester.

## House 
The house was revealed on June 27, 2011. It features a "Venice Beach" theme. With a Katy Perry themed room, a fortune teller/tarot card room and the backyard is of graffiti.

## Houseguests 
In the house tour that was exclusive to Yahoo, there was room for 14 houseguests on the picture wall. 

 Contestant's age at the start of the season.

## Summary 
On the first night, the houseguests were told of a surprise. They then were told that they had to pair up in groups of two. Before the HoH (Head of Household) competition, the houseguests were welcomed to three past dous. The first were **Rachel and Brendon** (from Big Brother 12). The second were **Jordan and Jeff** (from Big Brother 11). The last dous were **Danielle and Dick** (from Big Brother 8). During the HoH competition, the houseguests had to hold onto a banana. They were later squirted with chocolate and whip cream, while being rocked back-and-forth, to make the competition harder. Rachel then won the first HoH competition of the summer and her partner Brendon were safe from being evicted from the game. Host, Julie Chen, told the houseguests that Rachel had to choose only one dou. She was also told that only one of them would be evicted. However, the houseguest who wasn't eliminated can be safe until there are ten remaining houseguests. 

## Voting history 
**Color key:**

;Notes

## Twist 
As revealed on ET Canada on June 28, 2011; Julie Chen revealed that Dynamic Duos of seasons past would have a major impact on this season and the twist.

## References 
## Other websites 
*CBS Official Site
*Global TV Official Site
Reed (plant)

a national nature reserve areaphoto by Nigel Chadwick]]

**Reed** is a common name for tall, grass-like plants of wet places. They occur in **reed beds**. They are all members of the order Poales.

Reeds are many polyphyletic species, which have all adapted to this wet habitat by convergent evolution. It is a "form" name, not a technical botanical term.

*Phragmites australis*, the common reed, is used in many areas for thatching rooves (roofs). When thatched rooves were common, rivers were harvested for reeds every year. The reeds were stored in barns, and purchased by roofers for thatching.  In the United Kingdom, common reed used for this purpose is known as "Norfolk reed" or "water reed". However, "wheat reed" and "Devon reed" are not reeds but long-stemmed wheat straw.

In Britain, thatching began to be less used in the early 19th century. It was replaced by slates from quarries in Wales. Later still, slate tiles were replaced by the cheaper mass-manufactured plastic tiles.

## Types of reeds 
Reeds come from many plants, all of which grow in or near to water. The many species come from these four families:
*Poaceae: the grasses
*Cyperaceae: the sedges
*Typhaceae
*Restionaceae
Erwin Helfer

**Erwin Helfer** (born January 21, 1936 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American boogie-woogie, blues and jazz pianist.

## Life
Erwin Helfer was born in Chicago and grew up there. In his younger life he was more interested in classical music than in blues. But grewing up in the 50s he got contact to blues anyway. He studied music at Tulane University in New Orleans, completing college with a degree in music. In New Orleans he studied also the local music style of the city.

He started his professional career with Estelle Yancey, who asked him to play with him. This was the beginning of a life long friendship.He was also mentored and influenced by Cripple Clarence Lofton, Speckled Red, and Sunnyland Slim. In the 1960s and 1970s he played with Jimmy Walker. In 1982 he started his own record label, Read Bean. There he released albums of  Estelle Yancey, Blind John Davis, Johnny "Big Moose" Walker and other Chicago blues artists. He was nominated for Blues Music Awards in 2003, for 'Comeback Blues Album of the Year', for his CD I'm Not Hungry But I Like To Eat - Blues. He still plays at different blues- and jazzfestivals all over the world.(Chicago Jazz Festival, 2005–2007; Hungary's Debrecen Jazz Festival, 2005, the Chicago Blues Festival, in June 2010, and all the years in Chicago's blues clubs.)

## Discography
### own albums
*1974 Blues, Boogie Woogie Piano Duets & Solos Flying Fish
*1976 Boogie Piano Chicago Style Big Bear
*1979 On the Sunny Side of the Street Flying Fish
*1987 Chicago Piano Red Beans
*2001 I'm Not Hungry but I Like to Eat - Blues Sirens
*2003 St. James Infirmary (mit Skinny Williams) Sirens
*2005 Careless Love The Sirens Records
### as sideman
*Mama Estella Yancey Maybe I'll Cry (1983)
*Howard & the White Boys Strung Out on the Blues (1995)
*8 Hands on 88 Keys: Chicago Blues Piano Masters (2002)
*Heavy Timbre: Chicago Boogie Piano (2002)
*Barrelhouse Chuck Prescription for the Blues (2002)
*Ella Jenkins Sharing Cultures with Ella Jenkins (2003)
*Barrelhouse Chuck Chicago Blues Piano, Vol. 2 (2007)
*Andrew Calhoun Bound to Go (2008) 

## References
Jean Harlow

**Jean Harlow** (born **Harlean Harlow Carpenter**; March 3, 1911 – June 7, 1937) was an American actress and sex symbol of the 1930s.
## Life
Harlow was born on March 3, 1911 in Kansas City, Missouri. She studied at Miss Barstow's Finishing School for Girls in Kansas City. Harlow was married to Charles McGrew in 1927. They divorced in 1930. On July 2, 1932, she married film producer Paul Bern, who committed suicide on September 5, 1932.
### Personal life
On September 13, 1933 she married Harold Rosson. They divorced on March 11, 1934. She had no children. 
### Death
She died at the age 26 from renal failure on June 7, 1937 in Los Angeles, California.
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Jean Harlow tribute site 
* 
* Photographs and literature

## References
I Gotta Feeling

"**I Gotta Feeling**" is a single released in 2009 by The Black Eyed Peas from their fifth studio album, *The E.N.D.* The song debuted at number 2 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 in the United States, and later hit number 1 on the U.S. charts. The song replaced the group's song, "Boom Boom Pow", at the top.  "I Gotta Feeling" stayed number one for fourteen weeks in the US and topped the charts in 14 other countries. It won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 2010 Grammy Awards.

In June 2018, the song was certified Diamond by the RIAA for 10 million combined units (streaming and sales) sold in the US.

## References
Halloween II

***Halloween II*** is a 1981 American horror thriller movie. It is set in Illinois. It is the second movie in the *Halloween* movie series.

## Cast
*Donald Pleasence as Dr. Sam Loomis
*Jamie Lee Curtis as Laurie Strode
*Nancy Loomis as Annie Brackett
*Charles Cyphers as Sheriff Lee Brackett
*Dick Warlock as Michael Myers ("the Shape")

## Other websites 
*
Andrew Brunette

**Andrew Brunette** (born August 24, 1973 in Sudbury, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger that played a total of 1,100 career games in the National Hockey League (NHL).

He played in the OHL for 3 seasons with the Owen Sound Platers. He was drafted by the Washington Capitals with the 174th pick in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He has played in the NHL for the Washington Capitals for 3 seasons, the Nashville Predators for 1 season, the Atlanta Thrashers for 2 seasons, the Minnesota Wild for 6 seasons, the Colorado Avalanche for 3 seasons and the Chicago Blackhawks for 1 season. He was signed to a one-year contract by the Chicago Blackhawks on July 1, 2011 to a one-year contract.

Brunette retired from professional ice hockey on February 13, 2013 and decided to take up the position of Hockey Operations Advisor to the Minnesota Wild.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Abilene, Texas

**Abilene** is a city in the US state of Texas. It is the county seat of Taylor County. About 120,000 people live there.

## History 
The city of Abilene was started in 1881. Clabe Merchant named it after a city in Kansas. A lot of people came to live in the city. It soon became very important. Some people called it the 'Future Great City of West Texas.' A US Army base was built there in 1940. The base closed in 1945. After the base closed, it got changed to the Dyess Air Force Base. A lot of people work in the Air Force base today.

## Sports 
An American football team called the Abilene Ruff Riders is based in the city. They play their home games in the Taylor County Expo Center. Their colors are black, white and red.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official city website 
* The Handbook of Texas Online: Abilene, TX
*Abilene Texas History
Kazutoshi Sakurai

is a Japanese musician and entrepreneur. He composes and writes almost all of the songs for his band, Mr. Children. He also writes songs and sings for Bank Band, a solo project. In 2006, he was number eight in HMV's "Top 30 Best Japanese Singers of All Time". In 2007 he was voted number four as the "ideal father image" by Oricon. In 2009, he was picked to be one of the Young Global Leaders in World Economic Forum. He co-founded the non-profit lending group AP Bank. AP Bank gives money to environmentally friendly projects.

## References
Diplura

The **Diplura** are a biological order. It is one of the four groups of hexapods, with insects, springtails and Protura. 

The Dipleura are sometimes called "two-pronged bristletails". About 800 species have been described, of which around 70 occur in North America, 12 in Great Britain and two in Australia.
John Greenleaf Whittier

**John Greenleaf Whittier** (December 17, 1807 – September 7, 1892) was an American poet.  He was from Haverhill, Massachusetts and was a Quaker.  Like many Quakers, Whittier believed that slavery was wrong.  Whittier was active in the movement to end American slavery, and was a member of the anti-slavery Liberty Party.  

## Literary works 
Many of his poems are about slavery.  During the American Civil War, Whittier wrote a poem called "Barbara Frietchie".  Later in life, Whittier wrote a poem called "Snowbound".  Whittier was one of the people who founded *The Atlantic Monthly*.  The city of Whittier, California was named for Whittier when he was still living, and the town of Whittier, Alaska is also named for him.
Halloween (2007 movie)

The 2007 version of ***Halloween*** is a remake of the 1978 movie of the same name and the ninth in the *Halloween* franchise. This remake stars Tyler Mane as the adult Michael Myers. The 2007 remake follows the premise of the original movie: Myers stalks Laurie and her friends on Halloween night in Illinois. Despite mostly negative reviews, the 2007 remake grossed well over $80 million, making this the highest grossing *Halloween* movie of the series.

The movie was directed by Rob Zombie, who also directed a sequel released in 2009.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Yersinia

***Yersinia*** is a bacterium in the large family of bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae. *Yersinia pestis* is the type genus. *Yersinia pestis* is also the cause of the bubonic plague, one of the most dreaded diseases of the 18th century. *Yersinia enterocolitica* causes the disease yersiniosis.

## References
Gammaproteobacteria

**Gammaproteobacteria** are a large group of bacteria. They include important bacteria, such as *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* and *Fransicella tuarensis*. They are gram-negative bacteria.
Francisella

***Francisella*** is a genus of bacteria in its own family, the *Francisellaceae*, which is placed in the *Gammaproteobacteria* order *Thiotrichales*. *F. tularensis* is the cause of the serious infectious disease tularemia.

## References
Crotonoideae

***Crotonoideae*** is in the large order *Malpighiales*. It is a subfamily of the large and diverse family *Euphorbiaceae*. It includes crotons (*Codiaeum*) and hogworts (*Croton*).
Melastomataceae

***Melastomataceae*** is a large family in the order *Myrtales*. There are about 200 genera and 4,000 species. It is the eighth largest family in the basal Angiosperms. Plants in the family are called Melastomes.

## References
The New Revolution (roller coaster)

**The New Revolution** (formerly known as **Revolution**, **Great American Revolution**, and **La Revolución**) is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California. Manufactured by Anton Schwarzkopf and designed by Werner Stengel, the roller coaster opened to the public on May 8, 1976. The New Revolution is the world's first modern roller coaster to feature a vertical loop and has been recognized for that accomplishment by American Coaster Enthusiasts (ACE), who awarded the roller coaster its Coaster Landmark status.

## Other websites
*
MP Xpress

**MP Xpress** is a steel roller coaster at Movie Park Germany. The ride is in *The Old West* section of the park and was previously named *Eraser* (2001–2004) and *FX* (2005).

## Ride information 
MP Xpress has a length of 2,260 feet (689 meter), a max speed of 50 miles per hour (80&nbsp;km/h) and one ride takes 1 minute and 26 seconds. The coaster has 5 inversions, first, a *Roll Over*, then a *Sidewinder* and finally a *Double In-Line Twist*. MP Xpress rides with 2 trains, each having 10 cars, capable of carrying 2 people. MP Xpress can process 1040 people per hour.

## Gallery 

File:FX-Achterbahn.jpg|Overview of the first two inversions
File:MovieParkGermany-MPExpress.JPG|Train entering the roll over

## References
Daniel Carcillo

**Daniel Carcillo** (born January 28, 1985) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played a career total of 10 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Phoenix Coyotes, Philadelphia Flyers, Chicago Blackhawks, Los Angeles Kings, and New York Rangers.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Carcillo played in the OHL for 4 seasons; 3 for the Sarnia Sting and 1 for the Mississauga IceDogs. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Penguins with the 23rd pick in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. He played 3 seasons with the Coyotes before being traded to the Philadelphia Flyers on March 4, 2009 for Scottie Upshall and a 2011 2nd round draft pick. He played 3 seasons with the Philadelphia Flyers where he made it to the Stanley Cup Finals but the Flyers lost to the Chicago Blackhawks in six games.

He became an unrestricted free agent in the off season and was signed by the Chicago Blackhawks on November 26, 2010 to a one-year contract. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On July 16, 2013, Carcillo was traded to the Los Angeles Kings for a conditional sixth-round draft pick in the 2015 NHL Draft.

He played 26 games with the Kings and was traded to the New York Rangers on January 4, 2014 for a seventh-round draft pick in the 2014 NHL Draft. On May 23, 2014 during the 2014 Stanley Cup Playoffs, Carcillo used physical force against a linesman while being escorted to the penalty box and he was suspended for 10 games. On June 3, 2014, his suspension was reduced from 10 games to 6 games by NHL commissioner Gary Bettman.

On September 4, 2014, he was signed to a professional tryout contract by the Pittsburgh Penguins in order to attend their 2014 training camp and he was later released.

On October 3, 2014, Carcillo joined the Chicago Blackhawks training camp roster. On October 4, he agreed to a one-year, $550,000 contract with the Blackhawks. On June 15, 2015, Carcillo won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks.

On September 17, 2015, Carcillo announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## Personal life
Carcillo hosted a radio program called *The Bomb Shelter* which aired on WGN Radio 720 in Chicago.

Carcillo said that he battled alcoholism and substance abuse problems during his career. Before he joined the Blackhawks, Carcillo became friends with Steve Montador. Montador helped Carcillo battle his alcohol and substance problems, but after suffering a concussion in 2012, Montador was forced to leave the NHL. Carcillo was friends with Montador until Montador unexpectedly died in 2015. His death impacted Carcillo, who was suffering from a concussion. Carcillo asked for the NHL community to play a bigger role in the lives of retired players who have suffered concussions.

After retiring, Carcillo decided to set up the 'Chapter 5 Foundation', which helps players who are suffering with post-concussion syndrome, anxiety, or depression.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Protura

The **Protura** are an order of hexapod animals. They are sometimes called *coneheads*

They were once thought to be insects, and sometimes treated as a class in their own right. 

There is some evidence that the Protura are basal to all other hexapods, although the hexapods may be polyphyletic.
Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers

***Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers*** is a 1989 American horror movie. It is set in a fictional Illinois town called Haddonfield. This is the fifth movie in the *Halloween* movie series. The film's story begins exactly one year after the previous movie. The Shape returns to kill his niece, but Samuel Loomis and Sheriff Meeker manage to intervene.

## Other websites 
*
Fukuoka Prefectural Yahata High School

is in Kitakyūshū ward, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is often called  for short.

This school has general course and science and mathematics course. The science and mathematics course is certified as SSH by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Technology.
This school is considered as top and high reputable school in this area.

## Outline 
Most Yahata High School students apply and get through the examination of the national university. This school has one of the top reputations among public high schools in Kitakyushu city (along with Touchiku High School and Kokura High School) because a large number of graduates continue on to National University, for example, Kyusyu University, one of the top public universities in Japan.

## History 
Fukuoka High School was founded in 1919 under the former Japanese educational system in which children went directly to high school after graduating from elementary school.

## References
Luciano Moggi

**Luciano Moggi** (born July 10, 1937 in Siena) is an Italian football managing director. He was the general director of Juventus F.C. from 1994 until May 2006. He was one of the most successful football managing directors.

On June 2011 Luciano Moggi has been banned from all Italian football for life by Italian football federation.

## Career 
*1979-1980: Roma
*1980-1982: Lazio
*1982-1987: Torino
*1987-1991: Napoli
*1991-1993: Torino
*1993-1994: Roma
*1994-2006: Juventus

## References
The Brunts School

**The Brunts Academy** is a secondary school in Mansfield, England. It is a performing arts college. The school teaches in drama, music and dance. It used to be a grammar School and a technical school. The school started by Samuel Brunts in 1709. One of its former students, Rebecca Addlington, won two gold medals in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## History 
The Brunts Academy started as primary/first school in 1687. It had funds of 100 pounds. This was a large amount of money at the time.  In 1709, Samuel Brunts' will said that he wanted the local children to "learn an Honest Trade" and get a good job. This led to the Brunts' estate having up with 40 boys and girls learning reading, writing and maths by 1831. The girls also learned knitting and sewing. 60 years later, the estate and the school were combined. In 1891, the school was called Brunts Technical School.

In 1830 "Brunts Charity" owned buildings and land in East Bridgford, Nottingham's marketplace and at Claypool in Lincolnshire. It was the richest of all the charitable organisations in Mansfield in 1832. 

A new building was built in 1891. In 1976, Brunts Grammar School became a secondary/second school.

In 2012, the name changed to The Brunts Academy.

## Today 
The school's students come from several schools known as 'the family of schools'. They include King Edward School, Sutton Road School, St Peter's (C of E) School, High Oakham School and Newgate Primary School.

The school's uniform has a green blazer/jacket. The school colours are green and gold. Its logo is a griffin with its back two legs inside a shield. The shield has *Nil Mortalibus Ardui Est* around the logo. This is the school's Latin motto. It means "nothing is impossible for humankind".

In 2002, there were nearly 1500 students in the school. Only a small number of the students were aged 16 years or below. The school gained 57% A-C passes. Only a small amount of the students did not pass. This was 5% higher than the England average and 10% better than the United Kingdom average.

The school is known for having a large number of white students compared with the national average. Nearly all of its students are from England. 

### Alumni 
* Rebecca Adlington, won two Gold Medals in the 2008 Olympic Games
* Arthur Bown (1921-1924) Conductor
* Mark Bryant - cartoonist/Artist
* Sir Richard Leese - Leader of Manchester City Council
* Nigel Francis Lightfoot, (1945-) Microbiologist
* Jim McGrath, Television commentator
* Adrian Metcalfe (1942-) Athlete. Won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics
* Sally Abe, chef