open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
John Ruganda

**John Ruganda** (30 May 1941 to 8 December 2007) was Uganda's best-known playwright.  Ruganda was also a professor at University of North, South Africa, University of Nairobi, and Makerere University.

Ruganda's plays "reflect the reality of the East African sociopolitical situation after independence."  He helped outline East African theater.  *The Burdens* (1972) and *The Floods* (1980) are regularly studied in literature classes.

## Writing
### Plays
* *The Burdens*, Kampala, Uganda, National Theatre, January 1970
* *Black Mamba*, Kampala, 1972
* *The Good Woman of Setzuan*, by Bertolt Brecht, translated into Swahili by Ruganda, Nairobi, Nairobi University Players, November 1978
* *The Floods*, Nairobi, French Cultural Centre, 1 March 1979
* *Music without Tears*, Nairobi, Nairobi University Players, February 1982
* *Echoes of Silence*, Nairobi, 1985

### Television
* *The Secret of the Season*, screenplay by Ruganda, Voice of Kenya, March 1973
* *The Floods*, screenplay by Ruganda, Voice of Kenya, April 1973
* *The Illegitimate*, screenplay by Ruganda, Voice of Kenya, August 1982

## References
## More books
* Horn, "Uhuru to Amin: T he Golden Decade of Theatre in Uganda," *Literary Half-Yearly*, 19, no. 1 (1978): 22-49.
* Peter Nazareth, "Africa under Neocolonialism: New East African Writing". *Busara*, 6, no. 1  (1974): 19-32.
* Mineke Schipper. *Theatre and Society in Africa* (Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1982).
Body on Me

"**Body on Me**" is a 2008 R&B/Hip hop song by American rapper Nelly. The song features singer Ashanti and Akon. It was the second single from his fifth studio album Brass Knuckles and is also the second single  from Ashanti's fourth album The Declaration. The song was released on June 9, 2008. 

The song reached #10 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Rap Tracks, #12 on the Irish Singles Chart, #17 on the UK Singles Chart, #32 on the Australian Singles Chart, #42 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100, #57 on the Canadian Hot 100, #58 on the U.S. *Billboard* Pop 100, #69 on the U.S. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
Just a Dream

"**Just a Dream**" is a 2010 Pop rap/R&B song by American rapper and singer Nelly. It was the first single from his sixth studio album *5.0*. The song was released on August 16, 2010. 

The song reached #1 on the U.S. *Billboard* Pop Songs and #3 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100.
Stepped on My J'z

"'''Stepped on My J'z'''" is a 2008 Hip hop/Crunk song by American rapper Nelly. The song features singer Ciara and rapper Jermaine Dupri. It is the second single from Nelly's fifth studio album *Brass Knuckles*. The song was released on June 11, 2008 as a digital download and on July 1, 2008 on the U.S. radio. A music video was released before.

The song reached #69 on the U.S. Billboard Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles and #90 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. It was performed at the 2008 BET Awards by Nelly, Ciara and Jermaine.

The music video was directed by Benny Boom. It appeared on BET's show Access Granted. In the video, three kids skip school to go buy new pairs of Air Jordans. Nelly raps while sitting on a car. Nelly is then talking with his friends when a man steps over his Jordans. Nelly confronts the man. This is a reference to a scene in the 1989 Spike Lee movie *Do the Right Thing*. Later there is another reference with Nelly and Jermaine Dupri recreating a famous commercial with Spike Lee and Michael Jordan. Ciara is seen dancing later on in the video.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Cicely

**Cicely** (*Myrrhis odorata*), also called **sweet cicely**, is a plant in the family Apiaceae. It is a tall perennial plant, growing to 2 meters tall. The leaves are divided. The flowers are white. The seeds are .

## Uses 
Cicely leaves are sometimes used as a herb, with a strong taste of anise.
Move That Body

"**Move That Body**" is a 2010 hip hop/electro hop song by American rapper Nelly. The song features singers T-Pain and Akon. It was the second single from his sixth studio album *5.0*. The song was released on October 12, 2010. The music video for Move That Body first appeared on Nelly's official VEVO on October 19 2010. 

The song reached #24 on the UK R&B Chart, #29 on the ARIA Charts, #54 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and #71 on the UK Singles Chart.
Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

This is a list of the 377 '*communes of the Haut-Rhin *département''''', in France.

* (CAC) Communauté d'agglomération of Colmar, created in 2004.
* (CAM) Communauté d'agglomération Mulhouse Sud Alsace, created in 2001.
Airport (1970 movie)

***Airport*** is a 1970 American drama movie. It is based on a novel by Arthur Hailey. It is about an airport almost being closed because of a snow storm while a mad suicide bomber is trying to blow up an airliner in flight.

## Cast
* Burt Lancaster as Mel Bakersfeld, airport manager
* Dean Martin as Captain Vernon Demerest
* Jean Seberg as Tanya Livingston
* Jacqueline Bisset as Gwen Meighen, stewardess
* George Kennedy  as Joe Patroni, chief mechanic
* Helen Hayes as Mrs. Ada Quonsett, stowaway
* Van Heflin as D. O. Guerrero, airplane bomber
* Maureen Stapleton as Inez Guerrero, wife of D.O. Guerrero
* Barry Nelson as Captain Anson Harris
* Dana Wynter as Cindy Bakersfeld, wife of Mel Bakersfeld
* Lloyd Nolan as Harry Standish
* Barbara Hale as Sarah Demerest (sister of Mel Bakersfeld, wife of Vern Demerest)
* Gary Collins as Cy Jordan
* Christopher Lloyd as Patron in diner (uncredited)

## Awards
*Academy Awards
**Oscar Award - Best Actress in a Supporting Role: Helen Hayes
*Golden Globe Awards (1971)
**Golden Globe Award - Best Supporting Actress: Maureen Stapleton (*Tied with Karen Black*)
*Laurel Awards (1971)
**Golden Laurel - Best Supporting Female Performance: Helen Hayes

## Sequels
*Airport* has three sequels: *Airport 1975*, ''Airport '77*, and *The Concorde... Airport '79''.

## Other websites 
*
Helsinki Stock Exchange

The **Helsinki Stock Exchange** (formerly **OMX Helsinki**,  officially **NASDAQ OMX Helsinki**) is a stock exchange that is in Helsinki, Finland. The Helsinki Stock Exchange was first made in October 7, 1912 when they made their first transaction. After that they had remained a "free form" type of financial association until 1984. Then it changed to a cooperative owned mostly by banks, traders, other companies and associations. The stock exchange lists 141 businesses. 

## Other websites
*
Communes of the Bas-Rhin department

The following is a list of the 527 '*communes of the Bas-Rhin *département''''', in France.

* (CUS) Communauté urbaine of Strasbourg, created in 1966.
* (CAS) Communauté d'agglomération of Sarreguemines Confluences, created in 2002, most of which is located in the Moselle *département*.
Carl Woese

**Carl Richard Woese**  (July 15, 1928 &ndash; December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist.

## Career
Woese is famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain or kingdom of life) in 1977. He used phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique pioneered by him which is now standard practice.

He was also the originator of the RNA world hypothesis in 1977, although not by that name. He was the Stanley O. Ikenberry professor of microbiology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

## Work and discoveries
After defining Archaea as a new domain, Woese redrew the taxonomic tree. His **three-domain system** is based upon genetic relationships. It divides life into 23 main divisions in three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Archaea are neither bacteria nor eukaryotes. Looked at another way, they are prokaryotes that are not bacteria.

The tree of life shows the diversity of microbes. Single-celled organisms represent the vast majority of the biosphere's diversity. This is surprising to some, given our familiarity with the larger metazoan world. Microbes are responsible for many biochemical cycles and are crucial to the whole biosphere. Woese's efforts to clarify the evolution and diversity of microbes was an invaluable service to ecology, conservation and evolutionary biology.

## Personal life
Woese was born on July 15, 1928 in Syracuse, New York. He studied at Amherst College and at Yale University. Woese died on December 30, 2012 in his home in Urbana, Illinois from pancreatic cancer, aged 84.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Woese's homepage
Saltash

**Saltash** is a town in south east Cornwall, United Kingdom. It has a population of 14,964. It is separated from the city of Plymouth in Devon by the River Tamar. Saltash is the largest town within the East Cornwall area. 

One of the landmarks of Saltash is the Royal Albert Bridge, 1859, which carries the railway line across the River Tamar. Alongside it is the Tamar Bridge, a toll bridge carrying the A38 trunk road. Saltash railway station is close to the town centre. The station is served by a regular train service, with some direct High Speed services to and from London Paddington.

## References
Nellyville

***Nellyville*** is the second studio album by American rapper Nelly. The album was released on June 25, 2002. The album first debuted at number 1 on the Billboard charts and also sold more than 714,000 records in its first week of release.

## Track listing
## Reception
The album peaked at number one on the Billboard 200, number 2 on the German Albums Chart and UK Albums Charts, and number 6 on the Finnish Albums Chart.

## References
Gone (song)

"**Gone**" is a 2011 R&B song by American rapper Nelly. The song features singer Kelly Rowland. It is the sequel to their 2002 song, "Dilemma". It was the third single from his sixth studio album *5.0*. The song was released on January 4, 2011.  

The song reached #19 on the UK R&B Chart, #21 on the Australia Urban ARIA Charts, #55 on the Australia ARIA Charts, #58 on the UK Singles and #59 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot

***Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot*** is a 1992 American action-comedy movie that was produced by Ivan Reitman, Joe Medjuck and Michael C. Gross and was directed by Roger Spottiswoode. The movie was released on February 21, 1992 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 4% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and Roger Ebert gave the movie half a star out of five stating that ''"There isn't a laugh in this movie. Not a single one"''. The movie won a three Golden Raspberry Awards for Stallone as Worst Actor, Getty as Worst Supporting Actress and the movie earning Worst Screenplay.

## Cast 
* Sylvester Stallone as Sergeant Joseph Andrew "Joe" Bomowski
* Estelle Getty as Mrs. Tutti Bomowski
* JoBeth Williams as Lt. Gwen Harper
* John Wesley as Sgt. Tony
* Ving Rhames as Mr. Stereo
* Al Fann as Sgt. Lou
* Roger Rees as J. Parnell
* Martin Ferrero as Paulie
* Gailard Sartain as Munroe
* Dennis Burkley as Mitchell

## Other websites 
*
*
Freddy Got Fingered

***Freddy Got Fingered*** is a 2001 American comedy movie produced by Larry Brezner, Howard Lapides and Lauren Lloyd. It was directed by Tom Green.

The movie is about a 28-year-old man who lives in his parents' basement in Portland, Oregon. He drives to Los Angeles and attempts to become an animator.

The movie was released on April 20, 2001 in North America. The movie received very negative reviews with a 11% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert rated the movie a rare zero-stars rating and listed it as one of his most hated movies of all-time. He described the movie as: "This movie doesn't scrape the bottom of the barrel. This movie isn't the bottom of the barrel. This movie isn't below the bottom of the barrel. This movie doesn't deserve to be mentioned in the same sentence with barrels[...]. The day may come when Freddy Got Fingered is seen as a milestone of neo-surrealism. The day may never come when it is seen as funny." It is considered one of the worst movies of all time, but has a cult following.

## Cast 
* Tom Green as Gordon "Gord" Brody
* Rip Torn as James "Jim" Brody
* Marisa Coughlan as Betty
* Eddie Kaye Thomas as Frederick "Freddy" Brody
* Harland Williams as Darren
* Anthony Michael Hall as Dave Davidson
* Julie Hagerty as Julie Brody
* Drew Barrymore as Davidson's receptionist
* Shaquille O'Neal as Shaquille

## References
## Other websites 
*
Chenpi

**Chenpi**, also called **chen pi**, is sun-dried tangerine  used as a   in Chinese cooking and traditional medicine.  They have a bitter taste.
Camborne

**Camborne** is a town in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is at the western edge of a conurbation consisting of Camborne, Pool and Redruth.

The population of Camborne was 20,010 at the 2001 census. The population of the whole conurbation was 39,937, making it the largest conurbation in Cornwall.

It is no longer an industrial town but the Camborne and Redruth district was formerly one of the richest tin mining areas in the world. The Camborne School of Mines was founded here in the 19th century to train engineers to work in the tin mines and is still in the town. Two of the famous mines of Camborne were Dolcoath, the 'Queen of Cornish Mines' (closed 1921), once the deepest mine in the world, and South Crofty, the last working tin mine in Europe, which closed in 1998.

On Christmas Eve 1801, the Puffing Devil, a steam-powered road vehicle built by Camborne engineer Richard Trevithick, moved up Camborne Hill. It was the world's first self-propelled passenger carrying vehicle. The events have been turned into a local song:

:*Going up Camborne Hill, coming down,*
:*Going up Camborne Hill, coming down,*
:*The horses stood still,*
:*The wheels turn around,*
:*Going up Camborne Hill, coming down.*

## References
Sweat (album)

***Sweat*** is the third studio album by American rapper Nelly. The album was released on September 14, 2004. The album first debuted at number 2 on the U.S. *Billboard* 200 chart and also sold more than 342,000 records in its first week of release. It also peaked at number 2 on the Canadian Albums Chart, U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and U.S. Billboard Top Rap Albums charts, 11 on the UK Albums Chart and 17 on the German Albums Chart. The singles were "Flap Your Wings," "Na-Nana-Na" and "Tilt Ya Head Back."

## Track listing
## References
Looe

**Looe** is a small coastal town and fishing port in southeast Cornwall, United Kingdom. As of the 2001 census, 5,280 people lived there. Looe is divided into two parts by the River Looe, **East Looe** and **West Looe** being connected by a bridge. The town is about 20 miles (32&nbsp;km) west of the city of Plymouth and seven miles (11&nbsp;km) south of Liskeard.

The town is around a small harbour and along the steep-sided valley of the River Looe which flows south to the English Channel beside a sandy beach. Off shore to the west is the picturesque Looe Island.

Looe has a railway station at the end of the branch railway line from Liskeard.

## References
Lostwithiel

**Lostwithiel** is a small town in Cornwall, United Kingdom, at the head of the estuary of the River Fowey. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,739. The town is in the Fowey river valley, between the A390 road from Tavistock to Truro and the upper tidal reaches of the river.

Lostwithiel railway station is on the Cornish Main Line from Plymouth to Penzance. It is at the south of the town, just across the medieval bridge which was built in the early 14th century. A branch line takes china clay trains to Fowey.

Lostwithiel's most notable buildings are St Bartholomew's Church and Restormel Castle. 

## References
Penryn (Cornwall)

**Penryn** is a small town in south Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is on the Penryn River about one mile (1.6&nbsp;km) northwest of Falmouth. The population was 7,166 in the 2001 census.

Penryn was in the Middle Ages an important port but underwent a severe decline after Falmouth had been established in the 17th century. Today it is a busy town and has managed to retain a much of its heritage; a large proportion of its buildings date back to Tudor, Jacobean and Georgian times, the town is an important conservation area, and has more listed buildings than any other town in Cornwall.

## References
St Agnes (Cornwall)

**St Agnes** is a large village on the north coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom, and a popular tourist destination. St Agnes is about five miles (8&nbsp;km) north of Redruth and ten miles (16&nbsp;km) southwest of Newquay.

St Agnes and the surrounding area were once reliant on the industries of fishing, farming and mining for copper and tin. Mining came to an end in the 1920s and many of these mines are still on view for any tourists.

The coastal area is part of the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and St Agnes Beacon is a local landmark.

## References
Lillix

**Lillix** (formerly **Tigerlily**) was a Canadian pop rock band from Cranbrook, British Columbia. Lillex has five members in the band; the current band members are Tasha-Ray Evin, Lacey-Lee Evin, Eric Hoodicoff, Cameron Brass and Alex Varon. They released their third studio album, Tigerlily on August 24, 2010.

## Band members 
;Current
*Tasha-Ray Evin
*Lacey-Lee Evin
*Eric Hoodicoff
*Cameron Brass
*Alex Varon

;Former
*Louise Burns
*Ashley Grobell
*Sierra Hills
*Kim Urhahn
*Alicia Warrington
*Scott Thompson
*Britt Black

## Discography 
### Albums
**Falling Uphill* (2003)
**Inside the Hollow* (2006)
**Tigerlily* (2010)

### Singles
*''It's About Time* (2001)
**What I Like About You* (2002)
**Tomorrow* (2003)
**Sweet Temptation (Hollow)* (2006)
**Nowhere to Run* (2010)
**Dreamland'' (2010)

## Other websites 
*Lillix Official website
The Adventures of Pluto Nash

***The Adventures of Pluto Nash*** is an 1997 American science fiction action comedy movie. It was produced by Martin Bregman, Michael Scott Bregman and Louis A. Stroller and was directed by Ron Underwood. The movie was released on April 18, 1997 in North America. The movie received very negative reviews with a 6% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 12 out of 100 from Metacritic. The movie was a huge box office bomb, the movie grossed around $7.1 million and the budget for the movie was $100 million. The movie was nominated for 5 Golden Raspberry Awards.

## Cast 
* Alec Baldwin as Pluto Nash/Rex Crater
* Randy Quaid as Bruno
* Rosario Dawson as Dina Lake
* Joe Pantoliano as Mogan
* Jay Mohr as Tony Francis
* Luis Guzmán as Felix Laranga
* James Rebhorn as Belcher
* Peter Boyle as Rowland
* Pam Grier as Flura Nash
* John Cleese as James
* Burt Young as Gino
* Miguel A. Núñez, Jr. as Miguel
* Illeana Douglas as Dr. Mona Zimmer
* Richard Raybourne as Bartender Phil
* Kelsey Grammer as Michael Zoroaster Marucci (MZM) (uncredited)

## Other websites 
*
Cloaca

The **cloaca** is a common rear opening in land vertebrates. Through this opening, the animals expel urine and faeces, and carry out reproduction.

The cloaca is a primitive or 'basal' feature of tetrapods. All amphibia, all sauropsids (reptiles and birds) and even monotreme mammals have a cloaca. 

A different method is used by therian mammals, such as marsupials and placentals. They have an anus for defecation, and another opening for urine and sexual reproduction.
Chimney

, Kazakhstan.]]

A **chimney** is a structure used to ventilate hot flue gases  or  smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. Most chimneys are vertical, or almost vertical, to make sure that the gases flow easily, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney, effect. The space inside a chimney is called a *flue*. Chimneys may be found in buildings, steam locomotives and ships. In the United States, the term **smokestack**  is also used when talking about locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, the word **funnel** can be used too.

The Height of a chimney is really important, when higher, chimney's dispersion of pollutants will not cause too much influence on surrounding areas. Tall chimneys also allow chemicals to self-neutralize in the air before they reach the ground.

## References
Home appliance

]]
A **Home appliance** is any consumer-electronic machine use to complete some household task, such as cooking or cleaning. Home appliances can be classified into: 
*Major appliances, or white goods
*Small appliances

This division is also detectable in the service area of these kinds of products. Most Brown goods require high technical knowledge and skills, while white goods need more practical skills and brute force to make the devices work, and heavy tools required to repair them.

The invention of home appliances led to a decline in employment of domestic workers in the 20th century.
Natalia Kills

**Natalia Noemi Cappuccini** (born 15 August 1986) is an English R&B singer-songwriter, and actress who is better known by her stage name, **Natalia Kills**. She was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire to a Uruguayan mother and Jamaican father. She released her debut album *Perfectionist* on 1 April 2011 which features the singles, "Mirrors", "Wonderland" and "Free". She will be helping Ke$ha on her UK tour along with LMFAO.

## Discography
### Albums
* 2011: *Perfectionist*
* 2013: *Trouble*

### Singles
* 2005: "Don't Play Nice"
* 2010: "Mirrors
* 2011: "Wonderland"
* 2011: "Free"
* 2012: "Kill My Boyfriend"
* 2013: "Problem"
* 2013: "Saturday Night"

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website
*
Rich Peverley

**John Richard Peverley** (born July 8, 1982) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey center.

Peverley played hockey in the ECHL for 2 seasons with the South Carolina Stingrays and Reading Royals. He has formerly played for the Nashville Predators for 3 seasons, the Atlanta Thrashers for 3 seasons and the Boston Bruins for 3 seasons. He won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins on June 15, 2011 when the Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4-0.

On March 10, 2014, during a game against the Columbus Blue Jackets, he collapsed on the team bench. He has had heart conditions in the past and missed a few games the week earlier when he didn't feel well after a game. He is in stable condition. The NHL released a state on Peverley's health saying: "Dallas player Rich Peverley is doing well and is in stable condition. He was transported to the hospital." As a result of the emotional state of the players on both teams caused by the medical emergency, the game was rescheduled to April 9.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Bengali Wikipedia

The **Bengali Wikipedia** is the Bengali language version of the Wikipedia. Bengali is the language of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. Bengali is an Indo-Aryan (coming from the region of India and Pakistan) language.

## Gallery
## References
Stephen Jay Gould

**Stephen Jay Gould** (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, taxonomist, and historian of science. 

He was also one of the most influential and widely read writers of popular science of his generation.

Gould spent most of his career teaching at Harvard University and working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. In the latter years of his life, Gould also taught biology and evolution at New York University near his home in SoHo.

Gould's greatest contribution to science was the theory of punctuated equilibrium, which he developed with Niles Eldredge in 1972. The theory proposes that most evolution is marked by long periods of evolutionary stability, which is punctuated by rare instances of branching evolution. The theory was contrasted against the idea that evolutionary change is marked by a pattern of smooth and continuous change in the fossil record.

Most of Gould's empirical research was based on the snail genera *Poecilozonites* and *Cerion*. He also contributed to evolutionary developmental biology, and has received wide praise for his book *Ontogeny and Phylogeny*. In evolutionary theory he opposed strict selectionism, sociobiology as applied to humans, and evolutionary psychology. He campaigned against creationism.

Many of Gould's *Natural History* essays were reprinted in collected volumes.

## References
Psocoptera

**Psocoptera** are an order of winged insects that are commonly known as **booklice**, **barklice** or **barkflies**. They first appeared in the Permian period, 295–248 million years ago. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipterans. Their name originates from the Greek word *psokos* meaning gnawed or rubbed and *ptera* meaning wings. There are more than 5,500 species in 41 families in three suborders. Many of these species have only been described in recent years.

They range in size from 1–10 millimeters (0.04–0.4 in) in length.
Thrips

**Thrips** are an order of insects, the **Thysanoptera**. They are tiny, slender insects with fringed wings. 

Other common names for them are thunderflies, thunderbugs, storm flies, thunderblights, and corn lice. The scientific name for the order Thysanoptera comes from the Greek *thysanos* (fringe) and *pteron* (wing).

Thrips feed on a large variety of plants and animals by puncturing them and sucking up the contents. Thrips species are pests if they feed on plants with commercial value.

Thrips found in the British Isles are tiny insects, just 1-2mm long, but in other parts of the world they can be up to 14 mm. They have two pairs of narrow, fringed wings, although some are wingless. More than 6,000 species of thrips are known around the world, with over 300 of these in Europe and about 150 native to Britain.
Cymbopogon

***Cymbopogon*** (lemongrass) is a tall perennial plant. Its common names include lemon grass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, citronella grass, and others. There are between 55 and 70 species, most of them grow in Asia.

## Uses 
Lemongrass is native to the Philippines. It is a herb. It has a citrus taste and can be dried and powdered, or used fresh.

Lemongrass is used as a flavouring in teas, soups, and curries. It is also used for poultry, fish, beef, and seafood dishes. Powdered *Cymbopogon citratus* is used as a tea in African countries such as Togo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Latin American countries such as Mexico.

These species are used for the production of citronella oil. This is used in soaps to repel insects (especially mosquitoes) in insect sprays, candles, and aromatherapy. The main chemicals in citronella (geraniol and citronellol) are antiseptics. They are used in household disinfectants and soaps.

## References
Nathan Horton

**Nathan Russell Horton** (born May 29, 1985 in Welland, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger that currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Horton played hockey in the OHL for 2 seasons with the Oshawa Generals. He has formerly played for the Florida Panthers for 3 seasons and the Boston Bruins for 3 seasons. During his time with the Bruins, Horton won the Stanley Cup with them on June 15, 2011 when the Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4-0. On July 5, 2013, Horton agreed to terms on a seven-year contract with the Columbus Blue Jackets.

He is married to Canadian model Tammy Plante who is the great-niece of legendary NHL goaltender, Jacques Plante.

## References
## Other websites 
*
St Columb Major

**St Columb Major** is a small town in Cornwall, United Kingdom. Often referred to locally as *St Columb*, it is about seven miles (11&nbsp;km) southwest of Wadebridge and six miles (10&nbsp;km) east of Newquay.
 The full name distinguishes it from the village and parish of St Columb Minor on the coast.

Twice a year the town plays host to the game of "hurling", a medieval game once common in Cornwall but now only played in St Columb and two other towns. It is played on Shrove Tuesday and then again on the Saturday eleven days later. The game involves two teams of several hundred people (the 'townsmen' and the 'countrymen') who attempt to carry a silver ball made of apple wood to goals set two miles (3&nbsp;km) apart, making the parish the largest pitch for a ball game anywhere in the world.

## References
Calstock

**Calstock** () is a parish and a large village in south east Cornwall, United Kingdom, on the River Tamar near the border with Devon. The village is  south west of Tavistock and  north of Plymouth.

The parish had a population of 6,095 in the 2001 census. As well as Calstock, other settlements in the parish include Albaston, Chilsworthy, Gunnislake, Harrowbarrow, Latchley and Metherell.

Calstock village is within the Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and lies on the scenic Tamar Valley railway. Mining was formerly an important industry here.

## References
Bodleian Library

The **Bodleian Library** (founded in 1602) is the main library of the University of Oxford, and one of the oldest libraries in Europe. It is the second largest library in the United Kingdom after the British Library. It is one of six legal deposit libraries for works published in the United Kingdom and under Irish Law it is entitled to request a copy of each book published in the Republic of Ireland. It has had rights of legal deposit for books since the 17th century. 

Though members of the University may borrow some books from some dependent libraries (such as the Radcliffe Science Library), the vast majority of the material held by the Bodleian may only be read within the library buildings. Besides books, periodicals and manuscripts there are smaller collections of other types of material.

The Library occupies a group of five buildings near Broad Street in central Oxford: the oldest is the late medieval Duke Humfrey's Library. The newest is the Weston Library which opened in 2015, built from an overhaul of what the New Bodleian which dates from the 1930s. Since the 19th century a number of underground stores have been built below parts of these.

Though Duke Humfrey's Library was a library for the university from 1488 to 1560 the Bodleian itself was founded by Sir Thomas Bodley in the years 1598 to 1602. In the following centuries it greatly increased in size through collections of books donated by benefactors and through books received through legal deposit.

Many notable scholars have been heads of the library (known as Bodley's Librarians): the present Bodley's Librarian is Richard Ovenden.

## References
Country Grammar

***Country Grammar*** is the debut studio album by American rapper, Nelly. The album was released on June 27, 2000. The album was made a mainstream success and sold over 235,000 copies on its number one week.

## Track listing
## Reception
The album peaked at #1 on the Billboard 200 and peaked at #1 on the U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

## References
River Tamar

The **River Tamar** is a river in South West England, that forms most of the border between Devon (to the east) and Cornwall (to the west). The Tamar's source is less than 6&nbsp;km (4 miles) from the north Cornish coast, but it flows southward. At its mouth, the Tamar flows into the Hamoaze (a wide estuary) before entering Plymouth Sound. Tributaries of the river include the rivers Inny, Ottery, Kensey and Lynher (or *St Germans River*) on the Cornish side, and the Deer and Tavy on the Devon side.

King Athelstan of England made the east bank of the River Tamar the boundary between England and Cornwall in the year 936. There are no road bridges over the lower Tamar apart from the modern Tamar Bridge at Saltash which was built to replace the ferry. In 1859 the Royal Albert Bridge was built across the Tamar at Saltash to carry the main railway line into Cornwall. Both bridges connect Saltash with Plymouth.

The Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers around 195&nbsp;km² (75 square miles) around the lower Tamar (below Launceston) and its tributaries the Tavy and the Lynher. It was first proposed in 1963, but was not designated until 1995.

## References
Wellington Monument, Dublin

The **Wellington Monument** is an obelisk in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland. It is also called "Wellington Testimonial" because it was built while Wellington was still alive.

The monument is in the southeast of the Park. It is near Kilmainham and the River Liffey. The obelisk is  tall. It is the largest obelisk in Europe.

## History
The monument was built to celebrate the victories of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. He was born in Dublin.

It was designed by the architect Sir Robert Smirke. Building was started in 1817. In 1820 they ran out of money. It was not finished until 1861 when it was opened to the public. There were also plans for a statue of Wellesley on a horse  in front of it. This was never built.

## Features of the Testimonial
There are four bronze plaques on the bottom part of the monument. Three have pictures about Wellington's career, the fourth has text. The pictures are 'Civil and Religious Liberty' by John Hogan, 'Waterloo' by Thomas Farrell and the 'Indian Wars' by Joseph Robinson Kirk. The text reads:

:*Asia and Europe, saved by thee, proclaim* 
:*Invincible in war thy deathless name,* 
:*Now round thy brow the civic oak we twine* 
:*That every earthly glory may be thine.*

## References
Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department

The following is a list of the 573 '*communes of the Saône-et-Loire *département''''', in France.

(CUCM) Communauté urbaine Creusot-Montceau, created in 1970.
(CAC) Communauté d'agglomération Chalon Val de Bourgogne, created in 2001.
Communes of the Rhône department

The following is a list of the 293 '*communes of the Rhône *département'''*, in France.

(COURLY) Agglomeration community of Greater Lyon, created in 1966.
(CAV) Agglomeration community of Pays Viennois, created in 2002, most of which is located in the Isère *département''.
Chief Secretary for Ireland

The **Chief Secretary for Ireland** was the head of government of the Kingdom of Ireland and later the British Cabinet minister with responsibility for Irish affairs. It was the second most important politician in Ireland, after the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. From the late 18th century and early 19th century onwards the Chief Secretary would also sit in the British cabinet. Because of this, he was better connected and became more powerful that the Lord Lieutenant. From 1922, the Irish were no longer ruled by the British king, and the political office disappeared. 

They used to live in the Chief Secretary's Lodge in the Phoenix Park.

## List of Chief Secretaries for Ireland
*List of Chief Secretaries for Ireland
Scotch whisky

Whisky made in Scotland is known as **Scotch whisky**, or simply as "Scotch" (especially in North America).

It means the whisky is distilled in Scotland. It is usually a blend of malt and grain whiskies, and aged in barrels ('casks') for at least three years (four years for exports). 

Single malt scotch is made only from malted barley and no other grain, sugar, or fermentable material. They are made at the same distillery and not blended with any other scotch. Most single malt scotches are aged an average of 8 to 12 years.
Annecy

**Annecy** is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Haute-Savoie department.

It is on the northern tip of Lake Annecy.  It is 35 kilometres south of Geneva.

It is often known as "la Venise des Alpes" or "the Venice of the Alps".

Annecy has hosted the *Annecy International Animated Film Festival* since 1960.

Annecy bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games but lost to Pyeongchang.

On 1 January 2017, the former communes of Annecy-le-Vieux, Cran-Gevrier, Meythet, Pringy and Seynod were merged into the commune of Annecy.

## Sister cities
Annecy is a twin town with:
*  Cheltenham, United Kingdom, since 1956
*  Bayreuth, Germany, since 1966
*  Vicenza, Italy, since 1995
*  Sainte-Thérèse, Canada, since 1987
*  Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia, since 2003
*  Sassandra, Côte d'Ivoire

## References
Corinthian order

The **corinthian order** is one of the three main classical orders (*styles*) of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order and Ionic order. 

The Corinthian is the most decorative of the three orders. It has thin columns that have grooves running vertically up the sides. The most important difference with the other orders is the big capital (*top part of the column*), which is decorated with leaves and scrolls.

## History
The oldest known example of a Corinthian column is in the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae in Arcadia, *ca* 450–420 BC. This column stands inside the temple and does not form part of the wall. The oldest use of the Corinthian order on the outside of a structure is the round Choragic Monument of Lysicrates in Athens. It was put in place around 334 BC.

## Examples of Corinthian order architecture
*Greece
**Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, Athens
**Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens)
*Rome
**Pantheon, Rome (*illustration*)
**Temple of Mars Ultor
*Renaissance and Baroque
*Neoclassical and Beaux-Arts
**United States Capitol (*illustration*)
**St. La Salle Hall, Manila
**Don Enrique T. Yuchengco Hall, Manila
**Enrique M. Razon Sports Center, Manila
*Ukraine
**Great Lavra Belltower (*fourth tier - 8 columns*)
*Germany
**The Reichstag, Berlin

## Related pages
*Classical order
*Doric order
*Ionic order
*Tuscan order
*Composite order

## Other websites
* A simple overview of the three classical orders
Chambéry

**Chambéry** is a commune, the prefecture of the Savoie department.

## Sister cities
Chambéry is twinned with:
* Turin, Italy, since 1957
* Albstadt, Germany, since 1979
* Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso
Communes of the Haute-Savoie department

The following is a list of the 294 '*communes of the Haute-Savoie *département''''', in France.

* (CAA) Agglomeration community of Annecy, created in 2001.
The Change-Up

***The Change-Up*** is a 2011 American comedy movie produced by David Dobrik, Neal H. Moritz, David Furnish and Gary Barber and directed by David Dobrik. *The Change-Up* was released on August 5, 2011 in North America.

## Cast 
* Jason Bateman as David "Dave" Lockwood / Mitchell "Mitch" Planko, Jr.
* Ryan Reynolds as Mitchell "Mitch" Planko, Jr. / David "Dave" Lockwood
* Leslie Mann as Jamie Lockwood, Dave's wife
* Olivia Wilde as Sabrina McKay, Dave's attractive assistant
* Craig Bierko as Valtan
* Gregory Itzin as Flemming Steel, Dave's boss
* Alan Arkin as Mitchell "Mitch" Planko, Sr., Mitch's father
* Sydney Rouviere as Cara Lockwood, Dave and Jamie's daughter
* Mircea Monroe as Tatiana, Mitch's nymphomaniac girlfriend

## Other websites 
*
Communes of the Savoie department

The following is a list of the 305 '*communes of the Savoie *département''''', in France.

(CAC) Agglomeration community of the Chambéry Métropole, created in 2000.
Topoisomerase

A **topoisomerase** is one of a group of enzymes that unwind and wind DNA in order to help the creation of DNA structures. 

DNA is in a helix/spiral which helps make the structure of DNA strong and stable. However, when undergoing DNA replication, the spiral needs to be untwisted, and when spirals are being untwisted knots, and breaks can happen. When studying the structure of DNA, James D. Watson and Francis Crick knew that there was need for an enzyme to overcome this problem. 

Topoisomerase binds to either side of the DNA strands and allows the DNA to be untangled or unwound.
Ben Smith

**Ben Smith** (born July 11, 1988) is an American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He has also played ice hockey in college at Boston College with the Eagles. He made his NHL debut with the Blackhawks on October 29, 2010 against the Edmonton Oilers. He scored 2 goals on April 15, 2011 against the Vancouver Canucks in his second NHL playoff game.

On April 24, 2011, Smith scored the overtime goal on a rebound by Niklas Hjalmarsson against the Vancouver Canucks' goaltender, Roberto Luongo, to force a Game 7 in Vancouver. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On March 2, 2015, the Blackhawks traded Smith to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for Andrew Desjardins.

## References
## Other websites 
*
NHL 12

***NHL 12*** is an ice hockey video game developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. It is the twenty-first game in the NHL series. It was released on September 8, 2011 in Australasia, September 9, 2011 in Europe and on September 13, 2011 in North America. The game was featured at the 2011 Electronic Entertainment Expo.

## New Features
New features in NHL 12 include: the ability to hit goalies, goalie fights, improved Be a Pro mode, more realistic hits, helmets popping off when being hit, knuckleball shots, shattered glass, and more puck movements. Players can also play the 2011 Winter Classic at Heinz Field under snowfall. A new feature called the *Action Tracker* follows the players every move in the game.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Rosenery Mello do Nascimento

**Rosenery Mello do Nascimento** (born 1965  - died June 4, 2011) was a Brazilian celebrity also known as *"fogueteira do Maracanâ"*.

She was known for an incident at the football game between the teams of Brazil and Chile (1989) in the Maracanã Stadium, in a match valid for the World Cup qualifiers in 1990.

Soon after, she was on the cover of men's magazine Playboy.

She was born in Rio de Janeiro and died of a brain aneurysm there.

## References
The Aviator

***The Aviator*** is a 2004 American epic biographical drama movie directed by Martin Scorsese. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Howard Hughes. It was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, and won five, including Best Supporting Actress for Cate Blanchett, who plays Katharine Hepburn. Kate Beckinsale plays Ava Gardner. The movie also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film. It is about the life of Howard Hughes, his flights and time as a film producer. The movie was released on December 17, 2004 in the United States. The movie is 170 minutes long. It is rated PG-13. The movie has budget of $110 million, and grossed over $213.7 million.

## Other websites 
*
St Mawes

**St Mawes** is a small town opposite Falmouth, on the Roseland Peninsula on the south coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom. It lies on the east bank of the Carrick Roads into which the River Fal flows. The town is in the civil parish of St Just in Roseland. It was once a busy fishing port, but the trade declined during the 20th century.

The town of St Mawes is a popular tourist location. There is a ferry service to Falmouth, which is less than a mile away by boat, but about 30 miles away by road. The town takes its name from the Celtic saint Maudez (Mawe), who may have come from Ireland.

St Mawes Castle is a well-preserved coastal fortress from the time of Henry VIII, built to resist invasion from Europe.

## References
Ashtown Castle

**Ashtown Castle** is a towerhouse in the Phoenix Park in Dublin. It is now part of the Phoenix Park Visitor Centre.

It is not clear when the castle was first built. It might date back as far as 1430. The roof dates from the 17th century.  

After the building was made bigger and improved, it was used as the house for the Under Secretary of Ireland from 1782. In 1922, it became the house for the first United States ambassador to Ireland. After the ambassador moved to the Chief Secretary's Lodge, the Papal nuncio used the building until 1978 when he moved. 

In 1978, the building was in bad shape. It could not be repaired. When they started to break down the building, they found the towerhouse inside the bigger building. It was restored to its old form. 
## Reference
## Other websites
* Heritage Ireland
Secretariat

A **secretariat** is the body that keeps a large organization organized. The Secretariat is the office of the secretary. Organizations that have secretariats include the US Navy and Interpol. The European Union's Council of Ministers has a secretariat that employs about 2,300 people. They provide a range of services including secretarial work, translation, and legal advice.

## References
Communist Party of Vietnam

The **Communist Party of Vietnam** is the political party that controls Vietnam. 

## History
The Party was founded in 3 February 1930 by Ho Chi Minh as the **Indochinese Communist Party**. Ho led the party to power in 1945. In 1954, the country was divided into two at the Geneva Conference. After that, the party ruled only North Vietnam until 1975, when the party once again ruled over a united Vietnam.
Vanguard

A **vanguard** is a (usually small) group of people who lead a movement. It comes from two old French words, *avant* (front) and *garde* (guard). In military terms, a vanguard is a group of soldiers who scout ahead to protect an army from surprise attacks. 

## in Politics 
In the political philosophy of Leninism "vanguard" refers to the "vanguard party". This would be a small group of dedicated revolutionaries who would lead the Communist movement in Russia.

## References
Fowey

**Fowey** is a small town and cargo port at the mouth of the River Fowey in south Cornwall, United Kingdom. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,273.
Fowey is in the South Coast (Eastern Section) of the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It lies at the end of the Saints' Way a long-distance footpath and has ferries across the river to Polruan (foot) and Bodinnick (vehicle). There are many historic buildings in the town, including the ruins of St Catherine's Castle, while Readymoney Cove has a local beach.

## References
Keith McCready

**Keith McCready** (born April 9, 1957) is an American professional pool player. He was born in Elmhurst, Illinois. His nickname is **Earthquake**.

## Professional career
He spent much of the 1970s and 1980s traveling throughout the United States as a tournament competitor and hustler. McCready started competing professionally when he was 21 in his homestate of California. Although he was losing, McCready played straight through nine racks of balls in nine-ball in the finals. He didn't miss any shots. He defeated Larry Hubbart, 11-6, to win the Sacramento Open Nine-ball Tournament.

On St. Patrick's Day in 1984, McCready won the Clyde Childress Memorial Nine-ball Tournament at The Maverick Club in Richmond, Kentucky against many famous players.

## In movies
In 1986, McCready starred as the character Grady Seasons, with Paul Newman and Tom Cruise in Martin Scorsese's Academy Award-winning film *The Color of Money*,

## References
Charly García

**Carlos Alberto García Moreno** (born in Buenos Aires, October 23, 1951) is a musician, composer and Latin American rock producer.

## Discography 
* *Yendo de la cama al living* (Spanish: Going from the bed to the living room) (1982)
* *Clics modernos* (Spanish: Modern clicks) (1983)
* *Piano bar* (1984)
* *Parte de la religión* (Spanish: Part of the religion) (1987)
* *Cómo conseguir chicas* (Spanish: How to get girls) (1989)
* *Filosofía barata y zapatos de goma* (Spanish: Cheap philosophy and rubber shoes) (1990)
* *La hija de la lágrima* (Spanish: The daughter of the tear) (1994)
* *Say no more* (1996)
* *El aguante* (Spanish: The hanging on) (1998)
* *Influencia* (Spanish: Influence) (2002)
* *Rock and roll yo* (Spanish: The "rock and roll" me) (2003)
* *Kill Gil* (Spanish: Kill Dumbass) (2010)
River Fowey

The **River Fowey** is a river in Cornwall, United Kingdom, which follows an irregular course across Bodmin Moor and enters the English Channel at Fowey.

There is a ferry between Fowey and Bodinnick. The first road crossing going upstream is in Lostwithiel. The river has seven tributaries, the largest being the River Lerryn. The part of the Fowey Valley between Doublebois and Bodmin Parkway railway station is known as the Glynn Valley (from Glynn House, Cardinham). The valley is the route of both the A38 trunk road and the railway line (built by the Cornwall Railway in 1859).
The catchment area of the River Fowey covers a total of  consisting of various types of rock.

## References
Perranporth

**Perranporth** is a small seaside resort on the north coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is six miles (10&nbsp;km) southwest of Newquay and seven miles (11.3&nbsp;km) northwest of Truro.  Perranporth has a population of 3,066. and is the largest settlement in the parish of Perranzabuloe.

The village's name is Cornish for ''Saint Piran's cove''.  It is believed that Saint Piran founded a church at Perranzabuloe near Perranporth in the seventh century. Buried under sand for many centuries, it was unearthed early in the 20th century, but again abandoned in the sands in the 1970s.

## References