open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Loretta Brown

**Loretta Brown** is a fictional character from the animated television series *Family Guy*. The character is voiced by actress Alex Borstein and first appeared in the episode titled "Death is a Bitch," which originally aired on February 26, 2000. Loretta is a supporting character and is known for her role as Cleveland Brown's wife.

## Fictional Biography 
Loretta is portrayed as a loving and supportive wife to Cleveland Brown, one of the main characters in *Family Guy*. Her character is defined by her calm demeaner and patience, often serving as a stabilizing force in the chaotic world of the show. Loretta and Cleveland have a son named Cleveland Jr.

## Departure from the Show 
In the fourth season of *Family Guy*, Loretta's character underwent a significant development. In the episode titled "Peter's Got Woods" (November 6, 2005), Loretta discovers that Cleveland has been neglecting her emotional needs, leading to the end of their marriage. Subsequently, Loretta divorces Cleveland and leaves Quahog to move to Newham, East London

## Trivia 
* Loretta Brown's departure from *Family Guy* marked a turning point in the character dynamics of the show, leading to the introduction of the character of Donna Tubbs.
* Alex Borstein, the voice actress for Loretta, also provides the voice for other prominent characters on *Family Guy*, including Lois Griffin.

## Legacy 
While Loretta Brown is no longer an active character on *Family Guy*, her presence is still felt through references and flashbacks. The character's departure had a lasting impact on the show's narrative and character relationships.

## References 
*"Death is a Bitch" - *Family Guy*, Season 2, Episode 6, February 26, 2000.
*"Peter's Got Woods" - *Family Guy*, Season 4, Episode 11, November 6, 2005.
Little Nightmares II

***Little Nightmares II*** is a puzzle-platform horror adventure game made by Tarsier Studios and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. It is the prequel to the first game, *Little Nightmares* (2017). The story shows Mono, who has to work together with Six, the protagonist from the first game, to survive the scary things of the Pale City and discover its dark secrets. The game was released for Google Stadia, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows and Xbox One on 11 February 2021. An updated version, named *Little Nightmares II: Enhanced Edition*, was made by Supermassive Games and released on 25 August 2021 for PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S.

The game got mostly good reviews when it came out. The players/reviewers liked its graphics, atmosphere, gameplay, and sound. But some did not like the controls and found a few accidental glitches. It sold a million copies worldwide in just one month. A sequel was made called "*Little Nightmares III*", which is still in development by Supermassive Games. It is announced to be released around 2024.

## References
Nancy Fraser

**Nancy Fraser** (; born May 20, 1947) is an American philosopher. She is a professor of philosophy at The New School in New York City, and she also has the title *the Henry A. and Louise Loeb Professor of Political and Social Science* at that university.

She was president of the American Philosophical Association Eastern Division (during or) for the 2017–2018 term.
Ganesha Temple, Morgaon

**Shri Mayureshwar Mandir** or **Shri Moreshwar Temple**  is a Hindu temple (*mandir*) dedicated to Ganesha, god of wisdom. It is located in Moragaon  in Pune District, about 65&nbsp;km  away from Pune city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The temple is the starting and ending point of a pilgrimage of eight revered Ganesha temples called Ashtavinayaka.

## References
Lita Ford

**Lita Rossana Ford** (born 19 September 1958) is an English-born guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. She was the lead guitarist for the all-female rock band the Runaways in the late 1970s, and then embarked on a successful glam metal solo career that hit its peak in the late 1980s. The 1989 single "Close My Eyes Forever", a duet with Ozzy Osbourne, remains Ford's most successful song, reaching No. 8 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Filmography
* *Yakety Yak, Take it Back* (1991) ... Herself

## References 
## Other websites
* Official Website
*
Girish Kumar

**Girish Kumar Taurani** (born 30 January 1989) is an Indian actor working in the Hindi film industry. Kumar made his Bollywood debut with the romantic comedy film *Ramaiya Vastavaiya*, opposite Shruti Haasan, which was released on 19 July 2013.

## References 
## Other Website 
*
Paris-Saclay

**Paris-Saclay** is a technology and science park near Saclay in Île-de-France. It includes research institutions, two large French universities with higher education institutions (*grandes écoles*) and also research centers of private companies. In 2013, Technology Review ranked Paris-Saclay among the top 8 research groups in the world. In 2014, it represented almost 15% of France's scientific research capacity.

The first settlements date back to the 1950s, and the area expanded several times in the 1970s and 2000s. Several campus development projects are currently underway, including the relocation of some facilities.

The area is now home to many of the largest high-tech companies in Europe, as well as the two best French universities, the Paris-Saclay University (CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, ...) and the Polytechnic Institute of Paris (École polytechnique, Télécom Paris, HEC Paris ...). In the ARWU 2020 ranking, Paris-Saclay University is ranked 14th in the world for mathematics and 9th in the world for physics (1st in Europe).

The goal was to strengthen the cluster to create an international science and technology center that could compete with other high-tech districts like Silicon Valley or Cambridge, MA.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Paris-Saclay
Teodoru di Neuhoff

**Theodore I of Corsica** (25 August 1694 – 11 December 1756), born **Freiherr Theodor Stephan von Neuhoff**, was a German adventurer who was briefly King of Corsica. Theodore is the subject of an opera by Giovanni Paisiello, *Il re Teodoro in Venezia* (1784, Vienna), and one of the six kings in Venice in Voltaire's Theodore has a son Colonel Frederick who is the **Head of House von Neuhoff.**
Thomism

.]]
**Thomism** is a philosophy and theology school based on the ideas of Thomas Aquinas, a Dominican philosopher and theologian from the 1200s. His famous works include disputed questions and commentaries on Aristotle in philosophy, and the Summa Theologica in theology, which is very important in medieval theology and still guides the Catholic Church's philosophy and theology.

Pope Pius X in 1914 emphasized that understanding the Church's teachings requires knowing Thomas's fundamental ideas. According to him, these ideas are like the solid base for understanding both natural and divine things. If these principles are ignored, it becomes hard for students to grasp the meanings of the Church's teachings.

Thomas Aquinas believed in accepting truth from any source. He combined ideas from Greek, Roman, Islamic, and Jewish philosophers. He was a realist, meaning he thought the world could be known as it is. Thomas often supported Aristotle's views and used Aristotle's terms and ideas. He also followed some neoplatonic principles, such as the belief in God as the essential being and everything being good by participating in this essential goodness.

## History and Impact 
Aquinas changed the direction of Scholasticism, moving it from neoplatonism to Aristotle's ideas. This shift had a big impact on Catholicism and the ethics of the Catholic school, making it one of the most influential philosophies ever. Many people follow its teachings.

However, during Aquinas' time, some of his ideas were banned in Paris by Bishop Stephen Tempier, and some were condemned by ecclesiastical authorities in 1277. The Franciscan Order opposed Aquinas, while the Dominicans defended his work. Early critics included William de la Mare, Henry of Ghent, Giles of Rome, and Jon Duns Scotus. On the other hand, defenders included Albertus Magnus, Richard Knapwell, William Macclesfeld, Giles of Lessines, John of Quidort, Bernard of Auvergne, and Thomas of Sutton.

Aquinas was canonized in 1323, and the condemnation of 1277 was revoked. Later, Thomism faced challenges from the via moderna, especially from William of Ockham and followers. Dominican theologians mainly held on to Thomism, and it gained strength in the 16th century in the Iberian Peninsula, with figures like Francisco de Vitoria, Domingo de Soto, John of St. Thomas, Domingo Báñez, and others.

In the modern period, Pope Leo XIII tried to revive Thomism with the encyclical Aeterni Patris in 1879. This led to Neothomism, which emphasized the ethical aspects of Thomism. It dominated the Roman Catholic Church until the Second Vatican Council. Thomism is still an influential philosophy in Catholicism today, although the Church does not favor one philosophy over others.

In recent times, the cognitive neuroscientist Walter Freeman suggests that Thomism is a philosophical system that aligns well with the understanding of cognition in neuroscience.

## References
Colonel Frederick

**Colonel Frederick** (**von Neuhoff?)** is a pseudonym of the 18th-century author of *Memoirs of Corsica, Containing the Natural and Political History of that Important Island,* 1768, and of *The Description of Corsica,* 1795. He was born c.1725 and came to London c.1750, but his place of origin is unknown. He claimed to be the son of King Theodore of Corsica, and adopted the title of Prince of Caprera, serving in the army of King Frederick II of Prussia.

## References
Puffin Browser

Puffin Browser is a remote browser made by Cloudmosa, an American technology company founded by Shopyn Shen. The browser was first released in the year 2010 and used encrypted servers to load web pages. According to some tests because of browser running on remote servers, the browser may be faster then a normal browser such as chrome and firefox. The browser also hides ip address from websites like a vpn or proxy and has flash support for mobile device. The browser also includes a game controller, a mouse, and a on screen keyboard.

## References
Steeven Saba

**Steeven Saba** (born 24 February 1993) is a Haitian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Ligue Haïtienne club Violette and the Haiti national team.

## References
Hagerman horse

of a Hagerman horse]]
The **Hagerman horse** or **American zebra** (scientific name: ) is an extinct species. It is the state fossil of Idaho. Many fossils of it were found in the city of Hagerman, Idaho.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
AEW Fyter Fest

**AEW Fyter Fest** is a series of professional wrestling events made by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). The event started in 2019 and is usually held in the Summer. The first event streamed live for free on B/R Live in North America and aired on pay-per-view (PPV) internationally. Starting in 2020, the events aired as a special episodes of AEW's television shows *Dynamite*, *Rampage*, and *Collision*. The name "Fyter Fest", as well as the logo, is a reference and parody of the 2017 music festival Fyre Festival which turned out to be a fraud.

The second event was originally going to be the United Kingdom debut of AEW and was going to take place at Wembley Arena but it had the be cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Dates and venues
## References
Nilay Yapici

**Nilay Yapici** (born 1981) is a Turkish neuroscientist  at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where she is the Nancy and Peter Meinig Family Investigator in the Life Sciences and Adelson Sesquicentennial Fellow in the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior.  Yapici studies the neural circuits underlying decision making and feeding behavior in fruit fly models.

## Related pages 
* Neuroscience
* Behavioural responses to stress in animals

## References
AEW Grand Slam

**AEW Grand Slam** is a yearly professional wrestling event made by All Elite Wrestling (AEW) since 2021. The name "Grand Slam" is a reference to a Grand Slam which is when a player wins four major championships in one discipline in a year.

The events originally aired yearly in September as a special episodes of AEW's television shows *Dynamite*, *Rampage*, and *Collision*. All of the events from 2021 to 2024 have taken place at Arthur Ashe Stadium in Queens, New York. During All In on August 25, 2024, AEW announced that the 2025 edition would be held as a pay-per-view (PPV) event on February 15, at the Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Due to low ticket sales, however, the event was relocated to the Brisbane Entertainment Centre in November. This will be the first AEW event to be held in Australia.

## Dates and venues
## References
AEW Blood & Guts

**AEW Blood & Guts** is a professional wrestling event produced every year by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). The event started in 2021 and is usually held in the middle of the year. The event airs as a special episode of AEW's flagship television show, *Dynamite*. The name "Blood & Guts" comes from WWE's chairman at that time, Vince McMahon. During a conference call with investors, McMahon said that WWE was going to remain a "PG environment" and that "we're not going to do blood and guts and things of that nature such as being done on perhaps a new potential competitor". The name was trademarked by AEW shortly afterwards.

The show features the signature match Blood and Guts match, which is AEW's version of WarGames.

## Dates and venues
## References
Gangster Squad (movie)

***Gangster Squad*** is a 2013 American action thriller movie directed by Ruben Fleischer and written by Will Beall, based on a non-fiction book by Paul Lieberman. The movie stars Josh Brolin, Ryan Gosling, Nick Nolte, Emma Stone, Anthony Mackie, Giovanni Ribisi, Robert Patrick, Michael Peña and Sean Penn. Set in 1949, a group of real-life LAPD officers and detectives called the Gangster Squad are assigned to bring down crime kingpin Mickey Cohen.

After the script spent several years on the Black List, production began in September 2011 around Los Angeles, lasting through December. The film was originally set to be theatrically released September 7, 2012, but in the wake of the 2012 Aurora, Colorado, shooting, Warner Bros. pushed it back to a January 11, 2013, release to accommodate re-shoots, which took place in August 2012.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Thresher shark

.]]

**Thresher sharks**, also known as simply **threshers**, are large mackerel sharks of the family **Alopiidae** and the genus ***Alopias***.
They are distinguished by their long tails and unique hunting behaviors. 

Thresher sharks are known for their exceptional agility and speed. They grow up to 20 feet long. Males sexually mature when they are 8 to 11 feet long and 3 to 6 years old. Females are able to reproduce when they are 8 to 9 feet long and 4 to 5 years of age.

Thresher sharks are ovoviviparous. Embryos develop inside eggs within the mother's body, ultimately giving birth to live young.

Despite being active predatory fish, these fishes do not attack humans.

## Species 
There are currently 16 species. A fourth species of thresher was revealed during the course of a 1995 allozyme analysis by Blaise Eitner. It is apparently found in the eastern Pacific off Baja California, making it 17 species. However, it's known from muscle samples from one specimen. The genus emerged in Early Eocene period, in 56 milions years ago.

## Description 
 (*A. pelagicus*) jumping in Costa Rica]]
Thresher sharks have a short head and a cone-shaped nose. Their mouths are generally small. They have a long, scythe-like heterocercal tail.

They are slender, with small dorsal fins and large, recurved pectoral fins.

## Diet and behavior 
### Diet 
They mainly eat bluefish, juvenile tuna and mackerel. Crustaceans and seabirds are also eaten by them. They stun their prey by using their unique, elongated tail as a weapon.

### Behavior 
The thresher shark is an animal that keeps to itself. It is known that thresher populations of the Indian Ocean are separated by depth and space according to sex.

## Related pages 
* List of fish common names

## References 
# Common Thresher Shark - Sharkwater Extinction.
# Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2011). Species of *Alopias* in FishBase. February 2011 version.

## Further reading 
* "Alopias". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 May 2006.

## Other websites 
* Thresher shark video by Oceana on YouTube
Leven Rambin

**Leven Alice Rambin** (born May 17, 1990) is an American actress. She is known for playing look-alike half-sisters Lily Montgomery and Ava Benton on *All My Children*, and for her recurring roles on ''Grey's Anatomy* and *Gone*, as well as *Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles*, *One Tree Hill*, *Wizards of Waverly Place*, and *CSI: Miami*. She appeared in the sci-fi film *The Hunger Games* (2012) as the District 1 tribute Glimmer, and appeared as Clarisse La Rue in the fantasy film *Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters'' (2013).

## References 
## Other Website 
*
David Adeang

**David Ranibok Waiau Adeang** (born 24 November 1969) is a Nauruan politician. In 2023, he became President of Nauru. He was the Speaker of the Parliament of Nauru, and Nauru's Minister of Finance and Justice.

## References
John Lydon

**John Joseph Lydon** (/ˈlaɪdən/; born 31 January 1956), also known by his former stage name **Johnny Rotten**, is an English-American singer and songwriter. He was the lead singer of the punk rock band the Sex Pistols, which was active from 1975 to 1978. There were  revivals during the 1990s and 2000s. He is also the lead singer of post-punk band Public Image Ltd (PiL), which he founded and fronted from 1978 until 1993, and again since 2009.  He was recruited because of his outspoken personality, rebellious image and fashion style.   Because of their controversial lyrics and disrepute at the time, they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music.

Lydon has hosted television series in the UK, US, and Belgium, 2004 appeared on ''I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here!* in the UK, appeared in advertisements on UK television promoting Country Life, a brand of British butter, written two autobiographies, and produced solo musical work.  His first autobiography was called  *Rotten – No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs.'' 

## References
Magadha

**Magadha** was an ancient Indian kingdom located in southern northeastern India and Nepal.It was succeeded by the Magadhan Empire . Over time, Magadha lost some of its lands to the Satavahanas in 28 BC and became a smaller principality.

During the time of the Mauryas, Magadha became a large empire, covering a big part of north India and Nepal. Magadha was central to the Nanda Empire, Maurya Empire, Shunga Empire, and Gupta Empire. The Pala Empire also ruled over Magadha and had a royal camp in Pataliputra. Even after the major empires, the Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya continued to call themselves Magadhādipati and ruled parts of Magadha until the 13th century.

## Area of Magadha 
Before Magadha expanded, its kingdom was limited by the Ganges, Son, and Campā rivers to the north, west, and east, while the southern border was formed by the eastern spurs of the Vindhya mountains. This initial Magadha kingdom covered what is now Patna and Gaya districts in the Indian state of Bihar.

Greater Magadha, which was part of the eastern Gangetic plains, included nearby areas and parts of Nepal, and had its own unique culture and beliefs.

## History 
The Magadha people are mentioned in ancient texts like the Atharvaveda along with other groups. The main part of their kingdom was in Bihar, south of the Ganges River. Their first capital was Rajagriha, later known as Rajgir, and then Pataliputra, which is modern Patna. Magadha grew by conquering Vajjika League and Anga, covering most of Bihar and parts of Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal.

The kingdom is talked about in Jain and Buddhist texts, as well as in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Puranas. The early rulers are not well-known, but the Haryanka dynasty led for about 200 years from 543 to 413 BCE. Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, lived in Magadha, gaining enlightenment in Bodh Gaya and giving his first sermon in Sarnath.

The Haryanka dynasty was followed by the Shishunaga dynasty, and later, Mahapadma Nanda ended their rule in 345 BCE. Chandragupta Maurya defeated the Nandas around 321 BCE, starting the Mauryan Empire. Under King Ashoka, it expanded across India. After the Mauryan Empire, the Shunga and Khārabēḷa empires followed, replaced by the Gupta Empire. The Gupta capital remained in Pataliputra in Magadha.

## List of rulers 
Following is the Chronology of rulers according to the Buddhist Mahavamsa:

;Haryanka dynasty ( – 413 BCE)

;Shishunaga dynasty ( – 345 BCE)

;Nanda Empire ()

## References
Garry Winogrand

**Garry Winogrand** (January 14, 1928 – March 19, 1984) was an American street photographer, known for his portrayal of U.S. life and its social issues, in the mid-20th century.

## References
Pseudophilautus mittermeieri

'''Mittermeier's shrub frog'* (*Pseudophilautus mittermeieri'') is a frog.  It lives in Sri Lanka. Scientists have seen it between 60 and 150 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 16.3 – 18.4 mm long from nose to rear end.  The skin of the frog's back is gray-green in color. There are orange bumps on the head and some orange color on the back. The sides of the body are gray-yellow in color with dark brown marks. Parts of the belly are gray-yellow in color. The belly is gray-yellow in color. The bottoms of the toes of the front feet are gray in color.

There are fewer of this frog than there were in the past. Scientists say that this is because human beings cut down forests to make towns and cities, to make farms and places for animals to eat grass, and to get wood to build with.

Scientists named this frog for Russell Mittermeier.  He was President of Conservation International.

## First paper
*

## References
Gilles Cresto

**Gilles Cresto** (born 30 August 1959) is a Monegasque archer. Cresto competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## References
Tsedendorjiin Bazarsüren

**Tsedendorjiin Bazarsüren** (born 19 January 1957) is a Mongolian archer. Bazarsüren competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## References
Acamprosate

**Acamprosate**, marketed under the brand name **Campral**, is a medication used to help individuals with alcohol dependence maintain abstinence. Approved by regulatory authorities for this purpose, acamprosate is thought to act by stabilizing the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate.
Developed in the late 1980s, acamprosate gained approval in several countries as an adjunct to psychosocial support in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Unlike some other medications for alcohol use disorder, acamprosate does not cause a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol consumption.

The precise mechanism of acamprosate's action is not entirely understood, but it is believed to modulate the glutamatergic system, potentially reducing the hyperactivity associated with alcohol withdrawal. Clinical trials have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy, with acamprosate showing effectiveness in supporting abstinence and preventing relapse.

Acamprosate may cause side effects, including diarrhea, nausea, and itching. Its use is generally conflicted (contravened) in individuals with severe renal impairment.

Research continues to explore the optimal use and potential benefits of acamprosate in the broader context of alcohol use disorder treatment. Despite its limitations, acamprosate remains a valuable option for healthcare professionals working to address alcohol dependence in their patients.

## References
Petropavl

**Petropavl** (, ) is a city in Kazakhstan, the capital of the North Kazakhstan Region. It is located on the right bank of the Ishim River. As of 2023, 222,044 people live here. It is also known as **Qyzyljar** () among Kazakh people.

Petropavl is located 40 km from the border with Russia.

## References
Bulayevo

**Bulayevo** (, ) is a town in the North Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. It is located 30 km from the border with Russia. As of 2023, 8,590 people live here.

## References
Mamlyutka

**Mamlyutka** (, ) is a city in the North Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. In 1969, it was classified as a city. As of 2023, the population of the city is 7,038.

## References
Sergeyevka

**Sergeev** (, ) is a city in the North Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. It is located on the Ishim River. As of 2023, 8,155 people live here.

## References
Taiynsha

**Tayinsha** () is a city in the North Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. From 1962 to 1997 the city was called *Krasnoarmeysk* (). As of 2023, 13,065 people live here.

## References
Arkalyk

**Arkalyk** (; ) is a city in the Kostanay Region of Kazakhstan. As of 2023, 28,907 people live here and 28,435 people live in the urban area.

Founded in 1956, it got city status in 1965.

## References
Lisakovsk

**Lisakovsk** (, ) is a city in the Kostanay Region of Kazakhstan. As of 2023, 31,178 people live in the city and 34,774 people live in the urban area. The city is located on the right bank of the Tobol River, which flows into the Irtysh River.

Founded in 1960, it got city status in 1971.

## References
Lego Disney Princess: The Castle Quest

***Lego Disney Princess: The Castle Quest*** is a 2023 animated streaming television special based on both the Lego Disney toyline and *Disney Princess* franchise. It is a crossover between several characters featured in movies produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, and the first Lego special based on the franchise.

The special was released on Disney+ on August 18, 2023.

## References
Marriage of convenience

from 1828/1829]]
When people marry because one or both get a benefit from doing this, this is called **marriage of convenience**. This is differernt from other types of marriage. Usually people marry because they love each other, or that they want some security if they have children. The benefits people could have from a marriage of convenience is that one of the partners is able to move to another country, to get a work permit  or citizenship more easily, for example. Another reason why people use a marriage of convenience is to hide the fact that one or both partners are homosexual, or bisexual. 

Marriages of convenience are not illegal, in most countries. In many countries, parents look for a suitable partner for their children. This is called arranged marriage. Many countries have laws against forced marriages, or fraudulent ones.
Zhitikara

**Zhitikara** (, , until 1997 - *Dzhetygara* *)* is a single-industry town, the administrative center of the Zhitikara district of the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is located on the [Shortandy](https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0)) River. As of 2023, 35,298 people live here and 42,611 people live in the urban area.

The city is home to the largest and only enterprise for the extraction and enrichment of chrysotile asbestos  called Kostanay Minerals in Kazakhstan

## Geography
The city of Zhitikara is located in the southwestern part of the Kostanay region near the Kazakh-Russian border, 217 kilometers from the regional center of the city of Kostanay.

The territory of the city occupies an area of 6080 hectares, the height above sea level is 271 m.https://dateandtime.info/ru/citycoordinates.php?id=1516601 https://web.archive.org/web/20191224115832/http://zhitikara.kostanay.gov.kz/apprat-akima/struktura-vlasti/ispolnitelnaya-vlast/gu-apparat-akima-goroda-zhitikary-zhitikarinskogo-rayona/plan_soc_econom_razvitiya.php
## References
Rudny

**Rudny** () is a city in the Kostanay Region of Kazakhstan. It is located on the Tobol River. As of 2023, 112,027 people live here and 123,838 people live in the urban area.

## References
Concha

**Concha** is a kind of bread from Mexico. It is a pan dulce. In Spanish, concha means conch. The breads get this name, because their form resembles that of a seashell. The bread is made of a sweetened bread roll, and a crunchy topping.

## References
Karl Richard Lepsius

**Karl Richard Lepsius**(1810-1884)  was a German egyptologist. His first name is sometimes spelled *Carl*. From 1842 to 1845 he led an expedition to Egypt and Nubia. This expedition is now named after him, and clalled the Lepsius expedition today. From 1845, he was professor for egyptology, at the University of Berlin. From 1855 to 1884, he was the director of the Egyptian section of the what are now the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin.  Today, Lepsius is seen as the founder of modern egyptology, in Germany.
Race Relations Act 1965

The **Race Relations Act 1965** was the first law in the UK to say that discrimination on the "grounds of colour, race, or ethnic or national origins" in public places in Great Britain was not allowed. It did not apply to  shops or private boarding houses. It was followed by more, stronger, laws.

It was passed by the Wilson government after a racist political campaign in Smethwick, where the Conservative candidate Peter Griffiths beat Patrick Gordon Walker using the slogan "If you want a nigger for a neighbour, vote Labour".

The Race Relations Board was started in 1966  to consider complaints under the Act.  Discrimination was a civil issue.   The Act also created the criminal offence of "incitement to racial hatred".  The leader of the British National Socialist Movement, Colin Jordan, was prosecuted under the Act and jailed for 18 months in 1967.

It was strengthened by the Race Relations Act 1968.
## References
Race Relations Act 1968

The **Race Relations Act 1968** was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom making it illegal to refuse housing, employment, or public services to a person on the grounds of colour, race, ethnic or national origins in Great Britain (although not in Northern Ireland, which had its own parliament at the time). It also created the Community Relations Commission to promote 'harmonious community relations'.

It was opposed by some of the Conservative Party, particularly Enoch Powell.  He made his famous Rivers of Blood speech while it was being discussed. 

It amended the Race Relations Act 1965. It was repealed by the .

## References
Central City (DC Comics)

**Central City** is a fictional city appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. It is the former home of Barry Allen, the second **Flash**. Its location has been variously stated to be in Ohio, Illinois, and Florida. During the Wally West era, it was shown to be in Missouri, across a river from Keystone City.

## History 
Central City, located across the Missouri River from Keystone City, Kansas, was founded in the 19th century and became an important stop for cattle drives. It began to see tremendous growth after the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad, becoming the first major hub west of Chicago. A second period of growth occurred after World War I, and it has burgeoned to the present day.

In the 25th Century, the city became known as the Central Cityplex.

## Points of interest 
* **Brookfield Heights** - trendy residential area

* **Chubbuck** - residential area and home to Central City Hospital

* **City Center** - downtown area and home to the Flash Museum

* **Danville** - middle class residential area and home to Barry and Iris Allen

* **Englewood** - residential area with scenic views of nearby Granite Peak National Park

* **Lawrence Hills** - industrial area

* **Leawood** - blue-collar residential area and home to Central City Stadium

* **Mounds View** - home to Hardwell Fields, the city's airport, and named after many Native American burial mounds in the area

* **New Brighton** - residential and commercial area, home to the Central City Rail Station

* **Petersburg** - home to many of Central City's excellent restaurants

* **University Town** - home to Central City University

* **Utopia Towers** - apartment complex in Central City

* **Westminster** - formerly home to stockyards, now the location of S.T.A.R. Labs

* **Windsor Heights** - very exclusive residential area

* **Ivo Laboratories** - research organization founded by a scientist named Anthony Ivo

## Residents 
**Heroes**

* Flash (Barry Allen)

**Villains**

* Captain Cold

* Heat Wave

* Mirror Master (Sam Scudder)

* Trickster (James Jesse)

**Others**

* Iris Allen

**Sports Teams**

* Central City Stars (baseball)

* Central City Diamonds (baseball)

* Central City Cougars (football)

* Central City Miners (basketball)

## Notes 
Before the *Crisis on Infinite Earths*, Central and Keystone, collectively known as the "Gem Cities" were not twin cities. Rather, Central City only existed on Earth-One and Keystone City only existed on Earth-Two.

Some sources have shown Central City to be in Ohio instead of Missouri. *The Flash* #228 places it at roughly the same spot as Athens, Ohio.

The map in the Atlas of the DC Universe claims that Keystone and Central are across the Mississippi River from each other. The Mississippi does not border Kansas; the Missouri does.

The DCU version of Central City is not to be confused with the city by the same name seen in Will Eisner's The Spirit.

## In other media 
The city has also appeared in movies, television series, and video games as well.
Pannonia

**Pannonia** was a province in the Roman Empire. It was about today's Hungary.

## History 
The Roman Pannonia lasted from Augustus' times until the fifth century.

In the second century Pannonia flourished and received many Roman citizens, who developed a rich farm economy.

It was temporarily  increased under emperor Constantine the Great up to the actual Romanian mountains. The border was the so called "Devil's Dike".

When Attila attacked the area was destroyed and depopulated.

After the fall of the western Roman Empire, in Pannonia, the latinized population developed the Pannonian Romance. That lasted until the tenth century.

## Related pages
* Pannonian Romance
* Hungary
George Formby

**George Formby** OBE (born in Wigan, real name **George Hoy Booth**; 26 May 1904 – 6 March 1961) was an English actor, singer-songwriter and comedian. His films of the 1930s and 1940s were very popular. On stage, screen and record he sang light, comic songs. He played the ukulele or banjolele. He was the  highest-paid entertainer in the United Kingdom.

His father was George Formby Sr, who was also a  comedian and singer. He was called  "The Wigan Nightingale". He died when his son was 17. 

Formby went on the music hall stage when his father died. He carried on his father's act. In 1924 he  married Beryl Ingham. She was also in music hall and she became his manager. He started recording songs in 1926 and, from 1934, he made movies. In the movies he played gormless Lancastrian innocents who would beat a villain, and win the love of an attractive middle-class girl. His songs often had ambiguous sexual content which he sung with a toothy grin and air of innocence   His song ''When I'm Cleaning Windows'' was banned by the BBC in 1936. The director general John Reith said "if the public wants to listen to Formby singing his disgusting little ditty, they'll have to be content to hear it in the cinemas, not over the nation's airwaves". He later sang it before the King and Queen at the Royal Variety Performance. It was unbanned.

During the Second World War he worked all over the world for the Entertainments National Service Association. In his first film of 1940, *Let George Do It!*, In a dream he goes to a Nuremberg Rally and punches Hitler. It was very popular and was shown in Russia and the USA. 

He recorded more than 200 songs.  1946  song "*With My Little Stick of Blackpool Rock*" was one of the most successful. It was also considered rude and a BBC manager in 1946 said "We have no record that 'With My Little Stick of Blackpool Rock' is banned. We do however know, and so does Formby, that certain lines in the lyric must not be broadcast". 

## References
John Broome

John Broome (July 19, 1738 – August 8, 1810) was an American merchant and politician who was Lieutenant Governor of New York, from 1804 to 1810.

## Early life
Broome was born on Staten Island in the Province of New York on July 19, 1738.  He was the youngest of four children born to Samuel Broome (1685/93–1771), a staunch Presbyterian, and Marie (née LaTourette) Broome (1693–1774). His maternal grandparents were Jean LaTourette and Marie Mercereau, who were French Huguenots Broome studied law with William Livingston, but about 1762 abandoned a legal career to join his brother Samuel in a partnership to import British goods.
## Career
In 1775, Broome joined the military for the American Revolution when he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Second New York City Regiment of Militia, which was commanded by John Jay.

He was a member of the New York Provincial Congress from 1775 to 1777, and a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1777.

He was an Alderman in 1783-84 and 1785–86, and New York City Treasurer in 1784. He was the president of the New York City Chamber of Commerce from 1785 to 1794 and was engaged in trade with India and China at that time. He is said to have launched the importation of tea from China with an initial shipment of 2 million pounds.

Broome twice ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Congress; first in March 1789 against Federalist candidate John Laurance, and then again in April 1802 against Federalist candidate Joshua Sands. Broome was a member of New York County of the New York State Assembly in 1800-01 and 1802, and a member of the New York State Senate in 1804.

## Lieutenant Governor of New York
Broome was elected Lieutenant Governor of New York three times, serving from July 1804 until he died in office in August 1810. He initially defeated Oliver Phelps in 1804 and then won re-election over Thomas Storm in 1807 and Nicholas Fish in 1810. He served under two Governors of New York—first under Morgan Lewis (1804–1807), and then under Daniel D. Tompkins (1807–1810).  Broome's death occurred a month into his third term, so that at first the President pro tempore of the State Senate John Tayler became acting lieutenant governor, and in April 1811 DeWitt Clinton won a special election to serve for the remainder of the term.

### Descendants
Through his son John, he was the grandfather of Marine Corps officer John Lloyd Broome (1824–1898).

### Legacy
Broome County, New York, and the Town of Broome in Schoharie County, New York are named after him, as well as Broome Street in Manhattan in New York City.
The Final Cut (song)

"**The Final Cut**" is a 1983 song by Pink Floyd. It is the title track to their 12th studio album *The Final Cut*. It deals with suicide, sexual repression, depression and rejection.

## References
Bhimeshwar

**Bhimeshwar**, (formerly *Charikot*), is a municipality in north-eastern Nepal and the headquarters of Dolakha District in Bagmati Province that was established in 1997 by merging the former Village development committees Charikot, Dolakha Town, Makaibari and Mati. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 32,486 people living in 8,639 individual households. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* UN map of the municipalities of Dolakha District
* Web site about Dolakha
Ground effect

The **ground effect** is the name given to the effects of being near the ground on Aircraft, especially ones that are heavier than the air around them, such as Helicopters and Airplanes.

## In Airplanes 
In Airplanes, there is less drag in ground effect flight. Airplanes also create more lift at a lower angle of attack while near the ground.

## References
Neptunism

**Neptunism** is a scientific theory of geology proposed by Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817) in the late 18th century. 

It proposed that rocks formed from the crystallisation of minerals in the early Earth's oceans. That is why it is called neptunism, because Neptune was the old Roman God of the sea.

There are many many different types of rock formation. Sedimentary rock is formed by processes very similar to neptunism. Basically, it makes rock out of bits of earlier rock and organisms.
Angle of attack

In Aeronautics, the **angle of attack** is the angle between an airfoil and the direction the air is flowing in relative to the wing. For small angles of attack, a higher angle creates more lift. The angle where the wing makes the most lift is called the critical angle of attack. If the angle goes above this point, the wing will stall. Pilots watch the angle of attack closely to keep the aircraft flying safely.

Angle of attack is the tilt of an object, like a wing, against the wind it is moving through.

## References
CM Browser

**CM Browser** (Chineseː 獵豹安全瀏覽器) was a web browser made by Cheetah Mobile. The browser is based on Chromium's codebase but supports Trident and the WebKit browser engine. The browser released for Windows XP in May of 2012. It also released for iOS and Android on May 3rd, 2013.

## Controversies 
The browser used Chromium Version 17, which meant it could not use the Chrome Web Store.

On September 21st, 2014. The browser had to pay 300,000 yuan for having an adblocker that blocked Youku video ads from the browser.

### Ban from India 
In June of 2020, The Government of India banned CM browser with 58 other apps, saying they had data handling problems. Border tensions with China and India could have also caused the ban.

## Discontinued 
CM Browser has been discontinued. (stopped updating)

## References
Permaculture

**Permaculture** is a way of managing land and designing communities by learning from nature. It copies natural patterns to get the most benefits with the least waste and energy. It promotes natural way of farming instead of modern industrial methods. The term 'Permaculture' was created by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren in 1978.

Critics say that permaculture doesn't have a clear definition and lacks a scientific basis and does not address real-world issues.

## Foundational ethics 
Permaculture is guided by three foundational ethics:

* Care of the Earth: Ensuring the continuation and multiplication of all life systems.
* Care of People: Providing access to resources necessary for people's existence.
* Setting Limits: Governing population and consumption to allocate resources for the above principles.

Permaculture design copies natural patterns in ecosystems to get the most benefits with the least waste and energy. The way permaculture is used can change depending on the Earth's region, and there's not much scientific literature about it.

## Permaculture zones 
Permaculture uses zones to organize elements in a human environment based on how often they're used and the needs of plants or animals. The zones are numbered from 0 to 5.

* Zone 0: The home center, focuses on using natural resources like sunlight to reduce energy and water needs for a sustainable living environment.
* Zone 1: Closest to the house, includes often-used things like salad crops, herbs, and small fruits, as well as structures like greenhouses.
* Zone 2: A bit farther, has plants needing less regular care, beehives, and larger composting bins.
* Zone 3: The main crop area for home use and trade with less maintenance needed after setup.
* Zone 4: A partly wild space for foraging, collecting wild plants, and timber production.
* Zone 5: A wilderness area where humans don't interfere, acting as a natural reserve supporting the zones below it.

## References
To the Moon and Back (Savage Garden song)

"**To the Moon and Back**" is a 1996 song by Australian pop duo Savage Garden and is the second single from their 1997 self-titled debut studio album. It was the follow-up to their hit "I Want You" and won the 1997 ARIA Music Award for Song of the Year. It went to number 1 in Australia, number 3 in the United Kingdom, number 4 in Greece and New Zealand, number 11 in France and Sweden, number 14 in Germany and Ireland, number 15 in Canada, number 16 in Switzerland and number 24 in the United States.

## Track listings 
### Australia 
* **CD and cassette single**
# "To the Moon and Back" (radio edit)
# "Santa Monica"
# "Memories Are Designed to Fade"
# "To the Moon and Back" (album version)

### United Kingdom 
* **CD1 (1997)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (short edit) – 4:13
# "To the Moon and Back" (album version) – 5:42
# "To the Moon and Back" (Hani's Num club mix) – 9:18
# "Memories Are Designed to Fade" – 3:39

* **CD2 (1997)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (album version) – 5:42
# "To the Moon and Back" (Hani's Num radio edit) – 3:57
# "To the Moon and Back" (Escape into Hyperspace) – 4:39
# "All Around Me" – 4:11

* **Cassette single (1997)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (album version) – 5:42
# "Memories Are Designed to Fade" – 3:39

* **CD1 (1998)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (album version) – 5:42
# "To the Moon and Back" (Almighty radio edit) – 4:05
# "Truly Madly Deeply" (karaoke version) – 4:38

* **CD2 (1998)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (radio edit) – 3:44
# "To the Moon and Back" (Almighty Fired Up mix) – 6:16
# "To the Moon and Back" (Almighty Definitive mix) – 6:09

* **Cassette single (1998)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (album version) – 5:42
# "To the Moon and Back" (Almighty radio edit) – 3:44

### Europe 
* **CD1 (1997)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (short edit) – 4:13
# "Memories Are Designed to Fade" – 3:39

* **CD2 (1997)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (short edit) – 4:13
# "To the Moon and Back" – 5:41
# "To the Moon and Back" (Hani's Num radio edit) – 3:57
# "To the Moon and Back" (Escape into Hyper Space) – 4:39
# "Memories Are Designed to Fade" – 3:39

* **CD1 (1998)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (radio edit) – 3:42
# "To the Moon and Back" (The Almighty 7-inch mix) – 3:48

* **CD2 (1997)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (radio edit) – 3:42
# "To the Moon and Back" (The Almighty 7-inch mix) – 3:48
# "To the Moon and Back" (Almighty Fired Up mix) – 6:16
# "To the Moon and Back" (Almighty Definitive mix) – 6:09

### United States 
* **CD and cassette single (1997)**
# "To the Moon and Back" (long edit) – 4:32
# "Memories Are Designed to Fade" – 3:39

### Japan 
* **CD single**
# "To the Moon and Back"
# "To the Moon and Back" (Hani's radio edit)
# "To the Moon and Back" (Hani's Num club mix)
# "To the Moon and Back" (Num dub)
# "To the Moon and Back" (Escape into Hyper Space)

## References
Entertainments National Service Association

The **Entertainments National Service Association** (**ENSA**) was an organisation started in 1939 by Basil Dean and Leslie Henson to provide entertainment for the British armed forces during World War II.  It later turned into Combined Services Entertainment which since 1982 operates as part of the Services Sound and Vision Corporation.

Many people who started in  ENSA  went on to careers in the entertainment industry after the war, including actors Terry-Thomas, Peter Sellers and Kenneth Connor. 

It was spread thin over the vast area it had to cover. Thus many entertainments were not very good.  The popular translation of the acronym ENSA was *"Every Night Something Awful"*.

## References
CQD

**CQD** or **cqd** can be

* Carbon quantum dot, a carbon nanoparticle which is less than 10 nm in size and have some form of surface passivation
*CQD (distress signal), one of the first distress signals that started being used in regard to radio signals
* Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao language (ISO 639-3: cqd), a Hmongic language spoken by the Hmong people
* Shahrekord Shahid Estaki International Airport (IATA: CQD), an airport in Shahrekord, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Iran
Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne

**Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne** (23 April 1756 – 3 June 1819), also known as **Jean Nicolas** or by his nicknames, the **Righteous Patriot** or the **Tiger**, was a French lawyer and a major figure in the French Revolution. A close associate of Georges Danton and Maximilien Robespierre,  And President of the National Convention