open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
The ZhuZhus

**The ZhuZhus** (originally titled **Polly and the Zhu Zhu Pets**) is a Canadian/American animated television series produced by Nelvana, and the YTV. The series aired in the United States on Disney Channel on September 12, 2016.

## Premise
*The ZhuZhus* is about a young girl named Frankie Pamplemousse, her mom and dad, and her four talking hamsters: Pipsqueak, Mr. Squiggles, Num Nums, and Chunk. The group of five go on adventures in their town, Anytown.

## Characters
### Main characters
* **Frankie Pamplemousse** (originally named **Polly Pamplemousse**; voiced by Jenna Warren) is the 8-year-old owner of the Zhu Zhu pets.
* **Pipsqueak** (voiced by Tajja Isen) is the first Zhu Zhu pet with yellow fur, and is the unofficial leader of the Zhu Zhus. She loves adventuring. Her birthmark is a shooting star because she always fires ideas in every way.
* **Mr. Squiggles** (voiced by Richard Binsley) is the second Zhu Zhu pet with orange fur. He is smart and loves science. His birthmark is a spiral because his mind is always spinning with new ideas.
* **Num Nums** (voiced by Stephany Seki) is the third Zhu Zhu pet with purple fur. She thinks about things before she does them, due to being a sensitive thinker. Her birthmark is a heart because she always wears it on her sleeve.
* **Chunk** (voiced by Robert Tinkler) is the fourth and final Zhu Zhu pet with sky blue fur. He is strong, stylish, and loves to eat food. His birthmark is a sun because when he smiles, he lights up the whole room.
* **Jilly** and **Bean** are two naughty twins, the one with pink fur, and the other with blue fur. They have appeared in the series.

### Recurring
* Ellen Pamplemousse or "Mom" (voiced by Stacey DePass) is Frankie's mother and a professional plumber for Pamplemousse Plumbing. She used to be part of the Power Badge Girls.
* Stanley Pamplemousse or Mr. Kerdle (voiced by Patrick McKenna) is the cranky janitor of Frankie's school. He tries to stop the Zhus from coming into the school and insults them.
* Cindy and Mindy Gelato (voiced by Rebecca Brenner and Samantha Weinstein) are twins and Frankie's friends.
* Madge (voiced by Brianna D'Aguanno) is Frankie's neighbor and worst enemy. She always tries to beat Frankie at everything. She has blue hair and brown eyes and a cat named Princess Tickyboo.
* Whendy Sails (voiced by Nicole Stamp) is a celebrity and news reporter for Channel 5.
* Jessica Beeker (voiced by Addison Holley) is Frankie's favorite popstar.
* Dr. Phelmholz (voiced by Ron Rubin) is an Austrian doctor from Vienna.

## Episodes
### Series overview
### Season 1 (2016–17)
### Zhu's News (2017)
A webseries called "Zhu's News" was released to YTV's YouTube channel starting July 17, 2017. Each episode stars Whendy Sails of Channel 5 recapping moments in the series.

### Season 2 (2019)
## International broadcasts
## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*  on Disney Channel
William Dampier

**William Dampier** (baptised 5 September 1651; died March 1715) was the first Englishman to explore parts of Australia. He was the first person to circumnavigate the world three times. On one voyage he rescued Alexander Selkirk, a sailor who may have inspired Daniel Defoe's *Robinson Crusoe*.

## References
Relativistic jet

M87 emitting a relativistic jet, as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope]]

**Relativistic jets** are very powerful jets of plasma with speeds close to the speed of light. They are emitted by the central black holes of some active galaxies (notably radio galaxies and  quasars), and by the black holes of massive stars and neutron stars. Their lengths can reach several thousand or even hundreds of thousands of light years.

If the jet speed is close to the speed of light, the effects of the special theory of relativity are significant. The mechanics behind how jets are created, and what they are made of, are still a matter of debate. Jet composition might vary.

Massive galactic central black holes have the most powerful jets. Similar jets on a much smaller scale develop from neutron stars and black holes in other stars. Even weaker and less relativistic jets may be associated with many binary star systems.

The general hypothesis among astrophysicists is that the formation of relativistic jets is the key to explaining the production of gamma-ray bursts. These jets have Lorentz factors of ~100 or greater (that is, speeds over roughly 0.99995c), making them some of the fastest celestial objects known at present.

## References
Blown Away

***Blown Away*** is the fourth studio album by Carrie Underwood. The album was released on May 1, 2012 through Arista Nashville.

## Track listing
## References
Alto Paraná Department

The **Alto Paraná department** () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Ciudad del Este.

Its ISO 3166-2 code  is **PY-10**.

## Geography
The Alto Paraná department is in the central eastern part of the country, in the east of the *Oriental* region. It has an area of , with a population of 785,747 for a Population density of .

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with  of rainfall, followed by October with .

The month with the least rainfall on average is July with an average of  and the second is August with .

Ciudad del Este is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is June, with an average temperature of .

## Districts
The department is divided in 22 districts:

## Related pages
* Departments of Paraguay
* ISO 3166-2:PY

## References
## Other websites
* Gobernación de Alto Paraná website  
* Statoids - Departments of Paraguay
Esociformes

**Esociformes** are a small order of ray-finned fish (the Actinopterygii). There are two families, the Umbridae (mudminnows) and the Esocidae (pikes).

The Esocidae are named after the pike genus *Esox*.  One highly successful species is *Esox lucius* or northern pike. 

The Esociform fishes live in freshwater, in North America and northern Eurasia.
The order is very similar to the Salmonidae.

## Families 
### Esocidae 
The family Esocidae has three extant genera (*Esox*, *Novumbra*, and *Dallia*) that comprise a holarctic distribution.

### Umbridae 
Umbridae is another family. So far, the genus *Umbra* is the only extant genus. The other genera have gone extinct.

## References
Matilda (name)

**Matilda** (or **Mathilda**) is a female first name. The name comes from Gothic language. It also comes from the Old High German words *maht* (meaning "might" and "strength") and *hild* (meaning "battle).  The pronunciation of the name is [ m*uh*-**til**-d*uh* ].  

The name has been popular in Scandinavian countries. *Mathilde* appeared in the Top 10 most popular names for girls in Denmark in 2008. *Mathilde* was also very popular in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The name has also risen in popularity in other European countries.

As *Matilda*, the name was most popular in the United States between 1880 and 1910. During those years, it was in the Top 200 names for girls. It went out of the Top 1,000 names in the United States by 1964. However, it reappeared 44 years later in the Top 1,000 names. 

## Translations
*Machteld (Dutch)
*Maddie (English)
*Mafalda (Italian), (Portuguese)
*Mahaut (French)
*Mallt (Welsh)
*Matelda (Italian)
*Mathilda (English), (Swedish)
*Mathilde (Danish), (Dutch), (French), (German), (Norwegian), (Italian)
*Matild (Hungarian)
*Matilda (English), (Finnish), (Swedish), (Slovak), (Italian), (Croatian)
*Matilde (Italian), (Portuguese), (Spanish), (Danish), (Galician)
*Matti (English)
*Mattie (English)
*Ματθίλδη (Mathilde, Mathildi) (Greek)
*Matty (English)
*Matylda (Czech), (Polish)
*Maud (Dutch), (English)
*Maude (English), (French)
*Maudie (English)
*Mechteld (Dutch)
*Mechtild (German)
*Mechtilde (German)
*Tilda (English), (Finnish), (Spanish), (Swedish)
*Tilde (Danish)
*Tille (Danish)
*Tilli (English)
*Tillie (English)
*Tilly (English)
*Tylda (Czech)

## People 
* Matilda Cuomo, former First Lady of New York State
* Empress Matilda, daughter of Henry I and claimant to English throne (1102–1167)

## References
Kherai Puja

**Kherai Puja** is the most important religious festival of the Bodo people. They perform this puja on some specific occasions.

## Description
The Kherai Puja is of four kinds.

### Darshan Kherai 
The Darshan Kherai (दोर्सोन खेराइ) is performed during the first week of the month of 'Kati' or 'Kartik'. It celebrates the goddess of wealth and welfare, so it is also called as the 'Lwkhi Kherai'.

### Umrao Kherai 
The Umrao Kherai (उमराव खेराइ) is held during the month of 'Ashara' at the end of the 'Amthi Sua' (the unclean period) for the welfare of the villagers as well as of the crops. This Kherai is also known as the 'Ashu Kherai'.

### Phalo Kherai 
The Phalo Kherai (फालो खेराइ) is also known as the "Danshrang Kherai" as it is performed during the full moon at the month.

### Nowani Kherai 
The Nowani Kherai (न'नि खेराइ) is performed by the family when it deems necessary. The Bodo people who believe in the traditional practice rely on the Kherai Puja and the Garja Puja for their welfare at all times.

## References
* Kherai Puja celebrated at Molandubi| Assam Times (20 Feb 2016)
* Bathow Festivals of Assam  Assam state  (26 Aug 2011)
* Bathow Puja in Assam| Art & Culture| Nelive (21 March 2016)
Partial fraction decomposition

**Partial fraction decomposition** is taking a big algebra fraction and splitting it into a bunch of smaller fractions that are added together. Partial fractions are used to get the antiderivatives of algebra fractions.

In math writing, we're turning this:

\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}

Into this:

\frac{f_1(x)}{g_1(x)}+\frac{f_2(x)}{g_2(x)}+\frac{f_3(x)}{g_3(x)}+\dots+\frac{f_i(x)}{g_i(x)}

The denominators of all these fractions are factors of g(x).
Foster Hewitt Memorial Award

The **Foster Hewitt Memorial Award** is an award named after Foster Hewitt and presented by the Hockey Hall of Fame to members of the radio and television industry who make outstanding contributions to their profession and the game of ice hockey during their broadcasting career. The award winners are selected by the NHL Broadcasters' Association.

This award should not be confused with the ACTRA Foster Hewitt Award, which was presented by ACTRA, the Canadian association of actors and broadcasters, for excellence in general sports broadcasting. That award was discontinued in 1986.

## Winners
*1984 – Fred Cusick, Boston; Foster Hewitt, Toronto; Danny Gallivan, Montreal; Rene Lecavalier, Montreal
*1985 – Budd Lynch, Detroit; Doug Smith, Montreal
*1986 – Wes McKnight, Toronto; Lloyd Pettit, Chicago
*1987 – Bob Wilson, Boston
*1988 – Dick Irvin, Jr., Montreal
*1989 – Dan Kelly, St. Louis, *Hockey Night in Canada*
*1990 – Jiggs McDonald, Atlanta, New York Islanders, Los Angeles
*1991 – Bruce Martyn, Detroit
*1992 – Jim Robson, Vancouver, *Hockey Night in Canada*
*1993 – Al Shaver, Minnesota
*1994 – Ted Darling, Buffalo
*1995 – Brian McFarlane, *Hockey Night in Canada*
*1996 – Bob Cole, *Hockey Night in Canada*
*1997 – Gene Hart, Philadelphia
*1998 – Howie Meeker, *Hockey Night in Canada*, *The Sports Network* 
*1999 – Richard Garneau, Montreal
*2000 – Bob Miller, Los Angeles
*2001 – Mike Lange, Pittsburgh
*2002 – Gilles Tremblay, Montreal
*2003 – Rod Phillips, Edmonton
*2004 – Chuck Kaiton, Hartford/Carolina
*2005 – Sal Messina, New York Rangers
*2006 – Peter Maher, Calgary
*2007 – Bill Hewitt, Toronto
*2008 – Mike "Doc" Emrick, Philadelphia, New Jersey, FOX, NBC 
*2009 – John Davidson, New York Rangers, *Hockey Night in Canada*, FOX, ABC, ESPN, NBC
*2010 – Ron Weber, Washington 
*2011 – Mickey Redmond, Detroit 
*2012 – Rick Jeanneret, Buffalo
*2013 – Harry Neale, Buffalo, Toronto, *Hockey Night in Canada*
*2014 – Pat Foley, Chicago 
*2015 – Nick Nickson, Los Angeles
*2016 – Sam Rosen, New York Rangers 

## References
*
Pygmy slow loris

The **pygmy slow loris**  (*Nycticebus pygmaeus*) is a species of slow loris. It is a small nocturnal primate with large eyes. It lives in thick forest and bamboo groves. They are found in Vietnam, Laos, China, Thailand, and parts of Cambodia. Because their habitat is reduced, their status is "vulnerable".

Their diet consists of insects and soft fruit. They eat gum from trees and this may help them survive food shortages.

With their small size they weigh between 0.8 to 1 pound in adulthood. Usually once a male has reached maturity, they become territorial and do not tolerate other males. This is why their social life is described as solitary, although they are known to be able to live among females of their species. In captivity the lifespan of the pygmy slow loris may be 20 years.
   
They produce offspring every 12 to 18 months. The females have gestational periods of about 188 days and have small litters of one or two babies. This species does not share parenting. The offspring stay with their mothers until they reach maturity.

### Survival
When the loris feels threatened it has a defense mechanism. It gives off a bad odor. If a predator is not scared away by the smell they produce some kind of toxic secretion from their elbows. If they bite the predator, the poison is passed on. 

Despite conservation efforts, they are captured and sold for pets in markets in Vietnam. They have a very cuddly appearance but in no way are suitable to be pets.

## References
## Other websites 
*Lincoln Park Zoo  http://www.lpzoo.org/animal/pygmy-slow-loris 
*Duke Lemur Center http://lemur.duke.edu/discover/meet-thelemurs/pygmy-slow loris/
Joanne (album)

***Joanne*** is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga.  It was released on October 21, 2016.  It was named for Gaga's aunt, her father's sister, who died before Gaga was born.  Joanne is also Gaga's middle name.

The album was produced by Gaga, Mark Ronson, Kevin Parker, and BloodPop, among other producers.  Gaga collaborated with RedOne on the song "Angel Down", which was written about Trayvon Martin, who was killed in 2012.  RedOne also helped produce Gaga's previous blockbuster hits, such as "Just Dance", "Poker Face", and "Bad Romance".  Country songwriter Hillary Lindsey also worked with Gaga on *Joanne* on songs like "Million Reasons". Singer-songwriter Beck worked with Gaga on the dance song "Dancin' in Circles".

Two singles were released for the album:  "Perfect Illusion" and "Million Reasons".  The first single reached the top 20 in several countries, like the US, Canada, Australia, and the UK. "Million Reasons" first peaked at number 52 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.  However, after her Super Bowl halftime performance on February 5, 2017, the song entered the *Billboard* Hot 100 again at number four.  This is Gaga's 14th top-ten song and her 10th song to reach the top five on the chart.

Gaga went on a Dive Bar Tour at three different dive bars in the United States to promote *Joanne*.

Critics have said that *Joanne* is different from Gaga's previous releases, such as *The Fame*, *The Fame Monster*, *Born This Way*, and *Artpop*.  The album sold 201,000 copies in its first week in the United States. The album entered the *Billboard* 200 albums chart at number one. It became Gaga's fourth number-one album in the U.S. After the album was released, Gaga became the female artist with the most number-one albums of the 2010s decade. *Joanne* ranked at number 108 on the *Billboard* 200 year-end chart of 2016 in the US.

In August 2017, Gaga began the Joanne World Tour, which was set to run through December.  However, in September 2017, Gaga canceled her performance at the Rock in Rio festival in Brazil, with Maroon 5 taking her place. The European leg of her tour was postponed to early 2018 due to severe chronic pain.  She is set to continue the remainder of the North American dates.

On October 22, 2017, Gaga announced that the album had been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for over one million certified units in the United States.

## Track listing
The standard version of the album has 11 songs, while the deluxe version has 14.

## Certifications 
## References
Milky Way–Andromeda collision

, Milky Way galaxy and Andromeda galaxy are predicted to distort each other with tidal pull in 3.75 billion years, as shown in this illustration.]]

The **collision between the** **Milky Way** and **Andromeda** will happen about four billion years in the future.

The Andromeda galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about  as shown by its blueshift. because its proper motion was too small to measure.

In 2012, researchers concluded that the collision is sure to happen. They used the Hubble Space Telescope to track the motion of stars in Andromeda between 2002 and 2010 with great accuracy. Andromeda's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way was much smaller than the speed of approach. Therefore, it is expected that it will collide with the Milky Way in around 4&nbsp;billion years.

Such collisions are relatively common. Andromeda, for example, has collided with at least one other galaxy in the past. Several dwarf galaxies such as SagDEG are already colliding with the Milky Way and being merged into it. The Antennae galaxies are an example of two roughly equal spiral galaxies colliding.

## References 
## Other websites
* The Merger of the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies
* Andromeda galaxy may steal our Solar System from Milky Way
* NASA's Hubble shows Milky Way is destined for head-on collision with Andromeda galaxy
Punta La Marmora

**Punta La Marmora** () is a mountain in the Gennargentu range, Sardinia (Italy).

## Name
The mountain is named after Alberto della Marmora, an Italian geographer and naturalist who described the island in two works: *Voyage en Sardaigne* (1826) and ''Itinéraire de l'île de Sardaigne* (1860).

The name of the mountain, in the Sardinian language, was *Perdas Carpìas*, which means "split stones" because of its rocks of schist which tend to break into pieces.

## Geography
The Punta La Marmorea is in the communes of Desulo and Arzana (province of Nuoro), in the *Barbagia* mountain area of inner Sardinia. With its summit at an elevation of , it is the highest peak on the Sardinia island.

Punta La Marmora is just east of the approximate centre of Sardinia. On a clear day, it is possible to view from the top over a large part of Sardinia and the mountains of southern Corsica.

### Climate
Snowfalls are frequent in winter, usually with an average depth over  of snow. Snowfalls are stronger in January and February.

The wind on the summit can reach up to .

## Hiking
The summit is reached by hiking. The easiest route is from the *Bruncu Spina'' mountain where there are ski lifts to get to the top; from there, it is easy to get to the five highest summits of Sardinia, including Punta La Marmora.

## Related pages
*List of Italian regions by highest point

## References
## Other websites
* Europe Ultra-Prominences
Stone slab

A **stone slab** is a big stone that is usually flat and of little thickness that is generally used for paving floors, covering walls or headstones.

Other definitions refine the meaning a bit more:
* Flat big stone and of little thickness.
* Flat stone, relatively thin, of rectangular form or almost rectangular...

## Slabs used in dolmens 
A Dolmen is a type of tomb with one large burial chamber. Most dolmen constructions were built using stone slabs of large dimensions. Their architecture often includes a corridor of access that can be constructed using stone slabs or dry stones. The burial chamber, with variable shapes (rectangular, polygonal, oval, circular, etc.) can also have an anteroom. In some dolmens, the entrance has a door cut into one or more vertical stone slabs.
## Slabs in construction 
 with slabs.]]
The main applications of slabs as construction materials are for **paving** and in the **construction of roofs.** However, they can be employed for other uses, including:

* Balconies formed from a slab.
* Dry stone constructions of walls, caves, or rooms.
* The base of some fireplaces are built with stone slabs (one large slab or multiple smaller ones).
* In religious altars, the *altar stone* can be a stone slab, either decorated or in its natural state.
* Rustic tables.
* Slate slabs used for roofs.

## Slabs in cooking 
One way to cook food is “to the slab”, relating to the term "to the iron". This refers to the method of cooking where a slab is placed on a fire to heat up. The stone slab is then used in place of a pan, with oil, butter, or other dressings put on as well.
* This system was rather popular in zones of the Pyrenees and often practiced by farmers and shepherds. 
* The same slab used to cook can sometimes be used to serve as well. When serving, the rock will stay hot for longer, heating the food as well.

## Grave slabs 
From prehistoric times there are examples of graves covered with a stone slab, in its natural state or carved. 

These tombstones may also have inscriptions. The information on the stone slab traditionally includes the name of the deceased, their date of birth, and their date of death. The inscriptions are generally in the frontal side of the stone slab but also in some cases in the back and around the edges of the slab. Some families request to write an inscription in the unseen part of the stone slab (oriented to the ground). Apart from the name, some slabs also have epitaphs in praise of the deceased or citations of religious texts, as "Requiescat in pace".

## Related pages 
* Sandstone
* Slate
* Gravestone

## References 
## Other websites
*
Marecchia

The **Marecchia** () is a river of the Emilia-Romagna region. The city of Rimini gets its name from the Latin name of the river.

Its low course marks the end of the Padan Plain ().

## Geography
The Marecchia river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) depends of the season: in the autumn could be as high as  but is very low during summer. Most of the time, the discharge is about .

### Course
The Marecchia river flows through a valley named after it, *Valmarecchia*. The river starts at about  west of *Viamaggio* (*comune* of Pieve Santo Stefano) and about  southwest of the *comune* of Badia Tedalda, in the province of Arezzo (Tuscany), in the *Alpe della Luna* at an elevation of  above sea level.

At about  to the northeast of Badia Tedalda, the river flows into the Emilia-Romagna region, in the Casteldelci *comune*, province of Rimini. Then it flows through Ca 'Raffaello, an exclave of Badia Tedalda; to the north of here, the Senatello river flows into the Marecchia as a left tributary. Later, in *Ponte Masa*, the Masa river flows from the right into the Marecchia.

Shortly after *Torello*, the San Marino river flows as a right tributary and, after the Verucchio *comune*, the Ausa flows also from the right.

Between the *frazioni* (Italian subdivisions of a municipality) of *Rivabella* and *San Giuliano*, in Rimini, the Marecchia river ends in the Adriatic Sea.

The **Bridge of Tiberius** () or **Bridge of Augustus** () is a Roman bridge in Rimini. Its construction began in the times of Augustus but was finished in 20 AD in the times of Tiberius.

## Main tributaries 
The tributaries of the Marecchia river are:

## Gallery

File:Foce del fiume Marecchia a Rimini (2013).jpg|Mouth of Marecchia in Rimini
File:Rimini grattacielo.jpg|The Marecchia river in Rimini
File:Tiberius-Brücke.JPG|The bridge of Tiberius across the Marecchia in Rimini
File:099014858-MIBAC Sara Bonvicini.jpg|The bridge of Tiberius at night

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Italy

## References
## Other websites
* Fiume italiani: *Fiume Malrecchia*
Shijiazhuang

**Shijiazhuang** (石家庄) is a city in China. It is the capital of Hebei province.

The city is at the edge of the North China Plain. It is about  southwest of Beijing.
War bride

, in 1945]]
During war, or when a country is occupied, many people who serve in the military are present in that country. Some of these people are soldiers, other people are part of military personnel. Women who marry those people are known as **war brides**. The effect is well-documented for the period of the First and Second World War, but it also applies to other wars, such as the Philippine–American War, the Vietnam War, the Korean War or the Occupation of Japan.
Neravy

**Neravy** is a town in the Karaikal district of Puducherry Union territory, India. This town is located 145km away from Pondicherry, the capital of this union territory.

## Population
The population of Neravy is 10890 according to 2001 Census of India. The male population is 5392 and female population is 5494. The literacy rate of the town is 81.19%.

## Commune
Neravy commune is one of the 5 communes in Karaikal district.

## Reference
Catenary

A **catenary** is a type of curve. An ideal chain hanging between two supports and acted on by a uniform gravitational force makes the shape of a catenary. (An ideal chain is one that can bend perfectly, cannot be stretched and has the same density throughout.) The supports can be at different heights and the shape will still be a catenary. A catenary looks a bit like a parabola, but they are different.

The equation for a catenary in Cartesian coordinates is
: y = a \cosh \left(\frac{x}{a}\right)
where a is a parameter that determines the shape of the catenary A catenary is also called called an alysoid and a chainette.

## References
Perfect information

**Perfect information** has different definitions depending on the field.

In economics, the term **perfect information** refers to an element of competition in a market which is perfect and . This is commonly known as perfect competition.

In the mathematical branch of game theory, a **perfect information** game uses perfect information if all the actions taken in the game are known, and the state of the game's materials is available to all players. Perfect information is a type of common knowledge. Perfect information relates to the materials of the game, and to the rules of the game.

It follows that imperfect information is when elements of the game (materials or rules) are not equally available to all participants. 

Perfect information games do not require that each player has a working memory of past positions but that merely they have had the opportunity to view such past actions.

## Examples 
In a game of chess or go, the pieces and the rules are known, but the implications of the position are not. This identifies chess as a perfect information game. In competitive card games like bridge and poker, the cards held by opponents are not known, or only partly known. They are not perfect information games.
Holon Children's Museum

'''Holon Children's Museum''' () is the first museum dedicated for children in Israel. It was opened in 2001. The museum is located in Shimon Peres Park in Holon.

## Other websites 
* Holon Children's Museum
Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War

A **timeline of events leading up to the American Civil War** describes the events which historians recognize as contributing to the American Civil War. Many of these events lead back to the ing of the country. The United States Constitution makes only a few mentions of slavery leaving it largely up to the individual states to govern it. As the Northern and Southern United States developed along separate lines, slavery eventually disappeared from the North. It became a burning issue and led to secession of several Southern states. This in general led to the Civil War.

## Timeline 
### 1600s 
### 1700s 
### 1800s 
### Key events that triggered the war 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Causes of the Civil War Part 1; YouTube
* Causes of the Civil War Part 2; YouTube
* The Dred Scott Decision; YouTube
* Lincoln vs Douglas debate; YouTube
Compromise of 1850

The **Compromise of 1850** was a series of laws passed in 1850 that dealt with the controversial issue of slavery in the United States. As a result of the Mexican–American War, the United States acquired a large amount of new territory. The laws admitted California as a free state, and created the new territories of New Mexico and Utah. It concerned the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It kept the balance of power in the Senate between the free states and the slave states.

However, there was continued resentment between North and South. The South resented Congress interfering with slavery.

In 1849, when Zachary Taylor became president, the new territories the U.S. gained after the Mexican-American war caused the issue of slavery to become critical again. The California Gold Rush had caused the population there to suddenly increase and Californians now wanted statehood as a free state.
* The slave trade was prohibited in Washington, DC.
* Texas lost the territory in New Mexico. 

### The South 
* No restrictions on slavery were placed in the new territories.
* Those who owned slaves in Washington, DC, could keep them.
* Texas got $10 million in compensation from the federal government for the loss of the territory in New Mexico.
* The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 passed.

### The West 
* New Mexico Territory and Utah Territory would choose whether to allow slavery or not in what was called popular sovereignty.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* The Compromise of 1850; YouTube
* How did the Compromise of 1850 lead to the Civil War?
West London Synagogue

**West London Synagogue** is the oldest Reform synagogue located in London, England, United Kingdom. The synagogue was established on 15 April 1840. It is located in West London.

## Building 
The current building, built in 1870, is located near Marble Arch in London. The main sanctuary is built in the Byzantine architectural style. The premises also contain offices, a library and community facilities.

## Other websites 
*The West London Synagogue 
*The Movement for Reform Judaism
Julio César Turbay Ayala

**Julio César Turbay Ayala** (18 June 1916 – 13 September 2005) was the 25th President of Colombia from 1978 to 1982.

## Biographic data 
Turbay was born in a poor neighborhood on June 18, 1916. His father, Antonio Amín Turbay, was a businessman who emigrated from Tannourine, Lebanon.
His mother, Rosaura Ayala, was a peasant from the province of Cundinamarca. Turbay’s father was a hard working merchant who had built a fortune, which he completely lost during the civil war of the Thousand Days War.

## Presidency
### 1978 Security Statute
In response to an increase in guerrilla activity, a 1978 decree known as the Security Statute was implemented by Turbay's administration.

The Security Statute gave the military an increased degree of freedom of action, especially in urban areas, to detain, interrogate and eventually judge suspected guerrillas or their collaborators before military tribunals. Human rights organizations, newspaper columnists, political  personalities and opposition groups complained about an increase in the number of arbitrary detentions and acts of torture as a result.

### 1980 Dominican embassy crisis
In late 1980, sixteen ambassadors were held hostage for 61 days as part of a takeover of the Dominican Republic's embassy. The incident soon spread throughout worldwide headlines, as ambassadors from the United States of America, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Israel and Venezuela had been taken hostage, as well as Colombia's top representative to the Holy See.

Turbay, despite pressure from military and political sectors, avoided deciding to solve the crisis through the use of direct military force, and instead eventually agreed to let the M-19 rebels travel to Cuba. Allegedly, the rebels also received USD 1 million as payment, instead of the initial $50 million that they had originally demanded from the government.

## Personal life 
Turbay married his niece, Nydia Quintero Turbay, on July 1, 1948. They had four children together: Julio César, Diana, Claudia, and María Victoria. However, their marriage was annulled by the Roman Catholic Church, and in 1986 he married his longtime companion Amparo Canal, to whom he remained married until his death.

In January 1991, Turbay's daughter Diana was kidnapped by orders of the Medellín Cartel and died during a failed police rescue operation not sanctioned by her family. Her kidnapping is chronicled in *News of a Kidnapping* by the Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez (1996) and depicted in multiple onscreen productions.

## Death 
Turbay died on September 13, 2005. He was honored by a state funeral personally led by President Álvaro Uribe and was buried at the Sacromonte Caves at Canton Norte, an army base in Bogotá.

## References 
## Other websites
* Find-A-Grave biography
Damodar River

The **Damodar River** is a river in India. It flows through the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. The river is nicknamed "the Sorrow of Bengal" because of the floods in the plains of West Bengal.

## Tributaries
The Damodar River has many tributaries. They are:
* Barakar River
* Konar River
* Bokaro River
* Haharo River
* Jamunia River
* Ghari River
* Guaia River
* Khadia River
* Bhera River

## Sorrow of Bengal
Chota Nagpur Plateau receives an annual rainfall of around . The volume of this monsoon rain produces the floods of the Damodar River. Many of the floods of the Damodar River is recorded in the years of 1700, 1855, 1866, 1926, 1935 and 1943.

## References
Aisne (river)

The **Aisne** is a river in northeastern France. It is a left tributary of the Oise river. It gave its name to the French department of Aisne. It was known in Roman times with its Celtic name of **Axona**.

## Geography
The Aisne river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of .

### Course
The source of the Aisne is in the "Forest of Argonne", in the Rembercourt-Sommaisne *commune* (Meuse), near the border with the Marne department, at an altitude of about . From here, the Aisne flows to the west.

The Aisne river flows through 2 regions and 5 departments. It flows through the following *communes*, among others:

## Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Aisne river are:

**Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Trosly-Breuil (1961 - 2002)**

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 bar:Feb from:0 till: 118.0
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 bar:Jun from:0 till: 44.00
 bar:Jul from:0 till: 34.80
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 bar:Nov at: 47.50 fontsize:S text: 47.50 shift:(-12,5)
 bar:Dec at: 86.00 fontsize:S text: 86.00 shift:(-12,5)

The Aisne shows typical seasonal fluctuations. The highest levels of the river are in winter and spring, from December to May inclusive, with the highest level in February. They are followed by a rapid fall in the flow during the low water period that goes from July to October.

## Gallery

File:Aisne Berry-au-Bac 150808 2.jpg|Aisne River, Berry-au-Bac
File:Aisne river at Voncq (Ardennes, Fr.).JPG|Aisne river at Voncq (Ardennes)
File:Aisne, Soissons, jachthaven.JPG|Aisne river at Soissons
File:FR-02-Pommiers.JPG|Pommiers - bridge over the Aisne River

## Related pages
* List of rivers of France

## References
Domain name registrar

A **domain name registrar** is a company designed to provide domain registration service to other companies or individuals that would like to own a particular web address. The party seeking to register the site will usually pay the domain name registrar a flat or monthly fee to keep the name registered, so that no other person is able to acquire the web address. The systems setup by the domain name registrar translates IP addresses into easily identifiable domain names. this is called the domain name registrar.

## ICANN Accreditation 
**ICANN Accreditation** is the process by which the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) authorizes a company to act as a domain name registrar for generic top-level domains (gTLDs). Accredited registrars are granted the ability to register domain names directly with registry operators under ICANN’s oversight. The accreditation process involves a detailed application, financial and operational due diligence, and adherence to ICANN’s Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA), which ensures compliance with policies, data escrow requirements, abuse handling, and more.

## References
Arrondissements of the Aisne department

There are 5 **arrondissements in the Aisne department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Aisne are:

## History
Since its creation, the Aisne department has had few changes:
* 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Saint-Quentin, Vervins, Laon, Chauny, Soissons and Château-Thierry; the capital was Laon.
* 1800 : creation of five arrondissements: Laon, Château-Thierry, Saint-Quentin, Soissons and Vervins.
* 1926 : the arrondissement of Château-Thierry was eliminated.
* 1942 : Château-Thierry was made again an arrondissement.

## Related pages
*List of arrondissements of France

## References
Croquet

, West Yorkshire.]]
**Croquet** is a sport. It was officially registered by Isaac Spratt in November 1856. It involves hitting plastic or wooden balls with a mallet through hoops (often called "wickets" in the United States) embedded in a grass playing court.
Tecumseh

**Tecumseh** ( ; March 1768  – October 5, 1813) was a Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy (known as  Tecumseh's Confederacy) which opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and became an ally of Britain in the War of 1812. He is also the earliest known ruler of the Shawnee Tribe. 

## Family
Tecumseh had a brother named Tenskwatawa. Tenskwatawa was known as the town drunkard in the town until he changed and became religious. When Tecumseh left for a business trip and left Tenskwatawa in charge, he didn't do a good job. He started a war with his leadership, and a while after Tecumseh returned, Tecumseh was killed. Tecumseh also has a son named Cheeseekau.

## References
**Notes**
Slow loris

**Slow lorises** are the genus ***Nycticebus***, nocturnal species of strepsirrhine primates. They live in southeast Asia and nearby areas.

There are about eight species: the Sunda slow loris (*N.&nbsp;coucang*), Bengal slow loris (*N.&nbsp;bengalensis*), pygmy slow loris (*N.&nbsp;pygmaeus*), Javan slow loris (*N.&nbsp;javanicus*), Philippine slow loris (*N.&nbsp;menagensis*), Bangka slow loris (*N.&nbsp;bancanus*), Bornean slow loris (*N.&nbsp;borneanus*), and Kayan River slow loris (*N.&nbsp;kayan*).

The group's closest relatives are the slender lorises of southern India and Sri Lanka. Their next closest relatives are the African lorisids, the pottos, false pottos, and angwantibos. They are less closely related to the remaining lorisoids (the various types of galago), and more distantly to the lemurs of Madagascar. Their evolutionary history is uncertain: their fossil record is patchy and molecular clock studies have given various results.

Slow lorises eat insects, small birds and reptiles, eggs, fruits, gums, nectar and some vegetation. A 1984 study of the Sunda slow loris found its diet was 71% fruit and gums, and 29% insects and other animal prey. A more detailed study of another Sunda slow loris population in 2002 and 2003 showed different dietary proportions: 43.3% gum, 31.7% nectar, 22.5% fruit, and just 2.5% arthropods and other animal prey.

## References
Full Circle (Creed album)

***Full Circle*** is the fourth studio album by Creed. The album was released on October 27, 2009 through Wind-up Records.

## Track listing
## References
IOS 10

**iOS 10** is a version of iOS released on September 13, 2016, preceded by iOS 9. iOS 10 includes new features such as 3D touch improvements, the lock screen, Emojis in Messages, Siri's compatibility to third-party apps, and many others. This is the first time Apple has dropped support for devices since iOS 8. Apple since then have a limited support for the iPhone 5, iPhone 5C, and the fourth-generation iPad.

## Changes 
iOS 10 supports Xserve.
### Messages 
The user now has the option of downloading applications from a app store in Messages.

## References
Ivory-billed woodpecker

The **ivory-billed woodpecker** (*Campephilus principalis*) is a possibly extinct species of woodpecker. It would be about  in length. Its wingspan would be . It is one of 23 species which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has declared extinct.However, the UCN have not changed its assessment of the species, and the USFWS statement might be revoked in 2022, according to Matt Courtman from Mission Ivorybill.

The last sighting was in Arkansas in 2004. They were often mistaken for pileated woodpeckers. The males had red crests, and the females had black crests.

## References
McCollough effect

The **McCollough effect** is a phenomenon of human vision:  Colorless gratings appear colored contingent on the orientation of the gratings. People need time to see the effect. For example, if someone looks at a red horizontal grating and then at a green vertical grating for a few minutes, a black-and-white horizontal grating will look greenish and a black-and-white vertical grating will then look pinkish. The effect is remarkable for often lasting up to three months or more.

The effect was discovered by American psychologist Celeste McCollough in 1965.
## References
Vallées-en-Champagne

**Vallées-en-Champagne** is a commune in the Aisne department of northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Baulne-en-Brie, La Chapelle-Monthodon and Saint-Agnan.

The town hall is in Baulne-en-Brie.

## Geography
Vallées-en-Champagne is in the southeastern part of the Aisne department, on the border with the Marne department, at  to the south of Laon, the prefecture of the department, and at  to the southeast of Château-Thierry, the subprefecture of the *arrondissement*.

It has an area of  with an altitude of .

## Composition
The *commune* is formed by:

## Related pages
* Communes of the Aisne department
* Arrondissement of Château-Thierry

## References
Mitch Hedberg

**Mitchell Lee** "**Mitch**" **Hedberg** (February 24, 1968 – March 30, 2005) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, and comedian. He was born and raised in St. Paul, Minnesota. Hedberg's trademark was his hippie look and his relaxed  comedic . He later moved to Seattle and began to tour. The last was released . and again in 1998 and 2001.

At the same time as his rising fame in the entertainment industry, Hedberg appeared on Letterman nine more times. He signed a half-million dollar deal with Fox for a television sitcom.

## Discography 
* *Strategic Grill Locations* (1999) (Originally self-published, later re-released on the Comedy Central label, edited)
* *Mitch All Together* (November 18, 2003)
* *Do You Believe in Gosh?* (September 9, 2008)

## Filmography 
## TV appearances 
## References
## Other websites
*
Gennifer Flowers

**Gennifer Flowers** (born January 24, 1950) is an American model and actress. She became known after she revealed a sexual affair with President Bill Clinton. Before Clinton's presidency, she posed nude in *Penthouse* magazine. She also acted in two movies and one television show.

Flowers was born in Oklahoma City.

## References
2016–17 NHL season

The **2016–17 NHL season** was the 100th season of operation (99th season of play) of the National Hockey League. 

There were 82 games for each team in the regular season from October 12, 2016 to April 9, 2017. The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 12 and ended on June 11 when the Pittsburgh Penguins won game six of the 2017 Stanley Cup Final against the Nashville Predators. This was the penguins' fifth Stanley Cup in their history and their third in nine seasons. They also won the Stanley Cup in 2016 and that means they are the first team since the Detroit Red Wings in 1997 and 1998 to win two Stanley Cups in a row. 

The Washington Capitals were the Presidents' Trophy winners for being the best team of the regular season. Edmonton Oilers player, Connor McDavid, won both the Hart Memorial Trophy, for being the most valuable player to his team, and the Art Ross Trophy for scoring the most goals and assists. The Oilers also made the playoffs for the first time since the 2005-06 NHL season. This tied the record for longest time without making the playoffs at 10 seasons. The Detroit Red Wings missed the playoffs. The last time this happened was in the 1989-90 NHL season. This 25-season streak was the fourth longest in NHL history and the longest in the NHL, Major League Baseball, National Basketball Association and theNational Football League. The team with the longest streak in the NHL became the Penguins at 11 seasons. The first round of the playoffs broke the record for most overtime games with 18. The Eastern Conference runner-up was the Ottawa Senators for losing the Conference Final to the Pittsburgh Penguins. The Western Conference runner-up was the Anaheim Ducks for losing the Conference Final to the Nashville Predators. Pittsburgh Penguins' player Sidney Crosby was the Conn Smythe Trophy winner for being the most valuable player of the playoffs.

## Standings
Tie Breakers:
1. Fewer number of games played.
2. Greater Regulation + OT Wins (ROW)
3. Greatest number of points earned in head-to-head play (If teams played an unequal # of head-to-head games, the result of the first game on the home ice of the team with the extra home game is discarded.)
4. Greater Goal differential

## Other websites
*2016–17 NHL season Schedule