open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Clones

**Clones** ( ; ) is a small town in western County Monaghan, Ireland. The area is part of the Border Region with Northern Ireland. Historically *Clones* was also spelt *Clonis*, *Clonish* and *Clownish*. These are English language versions of the Irish *Cluain Eois*, meaning "Eos's meadow".

## History 
An abbey was built at Clones by Tigernach (also known as *Tierney* in English). It was built in the early 6th century. It was dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. The ruins of a 12th-century abbey building can still be found in the town. There is also a sarcophagus. They say it was built for Saint Tighearnach after he died. Clones also has a 9th-century round tower and high cross.

## Ulster Canal restoration
The national inland waterways agency, Waterways Ireland, is planning to restore the Ulster Canal from the Newtownbutler area of Lough Erne to Clones.

## Sport 
Clones has a GAA stadium, St Tiernach's Park. This stadium is regularly used for inter-county matches during the Ulster provincial championship in Gaelic football, and traditionally hosts the final. 

## People 
* Birthplace of world featherweight champion boxer Barry McGuigan, 'The Clones Cyclone'.
* Author Patrick McCabe was born here. 
* Writer and playwright Eugene McCabe 
* Clones was the birthplace of poet Thomas Bracken, who wrote "God Defend New Zealand", one of the national anthems of New Zealand.
* General Joseph Finegan, who commanded the Confederate Army to victory at the 1864 Battle of Olustee in Florida during the American Civil War, was born at Clones on 17 November 1814.
* Birthplace of John Joseph Lynch (1816–1888), first Archbishop of Toronto (1860–1888).
* Burial place of Roger Boyle, at the church.
* Birthplace of John George Bowes, Mayor of Toronto (1851–1853).

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Clones GAA 
* Clones History
Yvonne De Carlo

**Margaret Yvonne Middleton** (or **Yvonne De Carlo**; September 1, 1922 – January 8, 2007) was a Canadian and American actress. She originally appeared in B movies. She played Lily Munster in the CBS television program *The Munsters* in the mid-1960s. She played Sephora in the 1956 movie *The Ten Commandments*. She also performed in a lot of musical stage plays.

De Carlo was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She died in Los Angeles at eighty-four of natural causes.
Betty Hutton

**Betty Hutton** (February 26, 1921 – March 11, 2007) was an American actress and comedian. She became very famous in the 1940s. She starred in many movies, including ''The Miracle of Morgan's Creek* in 1944 and *Incendiary Blonde* a year later. Her biggest screen role was *Annie Get Your Gun'' in 1950. She stopped acting in 2000.

Hutton was born as **Elizabeth June Thornburg** in Battle Creek, Michigan. She died from colon cancer at eighty-six in Palm Springs, California.
Kitty Carlisle

**Kitty Carlisle** (September 3, 1910 – April 17, 2007) was an American actress and musician. In 1991, she received the National Medal of Arts. She began on Broadway in many operettas and musical comedies. She then worked in movies, including *Murder at the Vanities* in 1934, *She Loves Me Not* that same year, and *A Night at the Opera* in 1935. She was born **Catherine Conn** in New Orleans. She died in New York City, age 96.
Noah Munck

**Noah Bryant Munck** (born May 3, 1996 in Orange County, California) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as *Gibby Gibson* on the Nickelodeon television series *iCarly*.

## Early life and career
Noah Munck was born in Orange County, California. He began his career in advertising spots. These included Volkswagen and "Got Milk?" In spring 2007, he went in hip-hop courses with his sister. Munck acted in *iCarly* from 2007 to 2012. From the season 4, he played a main role. In 2011, he was in the movie *Bad Teacher* as Tristan.

## Television and movie roles
## Other websites
*
*
*
Chondrophore

The **chondrophores** or **porpitids** are a small and unusual group of hydrozoans. They are the family **Porpitidae**.

They all live at the surface of the open ocean, and are  colonies of carnivorous, free-floating hydroids. Their life-style in the plankton is similar to that of pelagic jellyfish.

The chondrophores look like a single organism but are  cooperatives of polyps.

The most familiar members of the family Porpitidae are the blue button (*Porpita porpita*) and the by-the-wind sailor (*Velella velella*).

## Structure 
Chondrophores may look like a jellyfish, but they really are not. Like the siphonophores they are not a single animal. They are a colony of clones, genetically identical zooids. These zooids are small, highly modified individual polyps. Though structurally similar to other cnidarians, the zooids do not live by themselves: they are attached to each other. Each type of zooid depends for survival on the others doing what it cannot do by itself.

This kind of set-up is also found in the siphonophores: the Portuguese man o' war. They evolved independently, and are classified in different orders.

## Fossil record 
A rare soft-bodied fossil was got from  Mississippian strata in northeastern Kentucky. It was interpreted as a chondrophorine float. The origin of the group was probably in the Neoproterozoic era, some 650540 million years ago.

## References
Sheba Medical Center

The **Sheba Medical Center** is a hospital in Israel. It is located in Tel Hashomer, part of Ramat Gan near Tel Aviv.

The medical center was established by the US Army in 1941. It operated until 1943. In 1944 the hospital was opened again by the British Army. In 1948 it was made the Israeli army medical center until 1953. It grew to become one of the biggest hospitals in Israel. It does surgery and treatments for patients from other countries.

## Other websites 
* Sheba Medical Center
Zelda Rubinstein

**Zelda Rubinstein** (28 May 1933 – 27 January 2010) was an American actress and activist for human rights and AIDS. She appeared on television programs, including *Caroline in the City*, *Tales from the Crypt* and *Martin*. She was also in many movies, though with minor playing roles. She was best known for her role in the movie *Poltergeist*.

Rubinstein was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She died from kidney and lung problems at seventy-six in Los Angeles.

## Other websites 
*
Alberta Hunter

**Alberta Hunter** (April 1, 1895 – October 17, 1984) was an American singer-songwriter. She sang blues and jazz music. She was especially popular in the 1920s and 1930s. She sang the critically acclaimed "Downhearted Blues" in 1922. She stopped performing in the 1950s.

## Early life
Hunter was born in Memphis, but later moved to Chicago.

## Personal life
Hunter was a lesbian.

## Death
Hunter died in New York City at age 89.

## References
Hadassah Medical Center

The **Hadassah Medical Center** () is the largest hospital in Jerusalem. It is also one of the biggest medical centers in Israel. It was established in 1919 at 37 HaNevi'im Street in Jerusalem. In 1939, it moved to a new campus in Mount Scopus.  After 1948, a new campus opened in the Ein Kerem neighborhood together with the campus of the Hebrew University including: the Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Nursing, School of Occupational Therapy, the National Library of Medicine, and hotel with a small shopping center.

## Other websites 
* Hadassah Medical Center - Jerusalem
Yom HaShoah

**Yom HaShoah** (, "Holocaust Day") is the official day for remembering the Holocaust in Israel.  It is also widely observed by Jews in other countries.  Its date on the Jewish calendar is 27 Nisan.  (This date usually falls in April or May.)  This date was chosen because it was the start of the Warsaw ghetto .
Impact event

entering Earth's atmosphere]]

An **impact event** is a collision between objects in space. They happen regularly in planetary systems, such as our Solar System. They most often involve small objects, such as asteroids, comets or meteors. These have relatively little impact. When a large object collides with a planet like the Earth, it can have serious effects on the planet. We try to find out when one is going to hit Earth using impact prediction. Depending on the size of the object, much of the impact is reduced by the planet's atmosphere. Smaller objects explode or break apart as they enter the atmosphere. These are seen as bolides.

Impact craters, which are caused by impact events, can be seen on many of the planets and other objects in the Solar System. Some of the largest are on Mars and the Moon. These are said to be evidence of major impact events. The first time an impact event was recorded was in July 1994. A comet, Shoemaker–Levy 9, broke apart and collided with Jupiter. The collision was recorded by telescopes and satellites.

Impact events appear to have had a major effect on the how the Solar System has changed since it was formed. Major impact events have also shaped the history of the Earth, including the evolution of life. It is thought that the Chicxulub impact, which happened 66 million years ago, caused the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. There is debate over whether impacts caused any of the other extinction events throughout history. A giant impact event is thought to have produced the Moon.

Hundreds of impacts have been reported on Earth. Many happen without being seen by anyone on the ground. On average, asteroids with a diameter of  impact Earth about once per year. Asteroids with a diameter of  collide with Earth every 500,000 years. Large collisions, of , happen once every twenty million years. but no human is known to have been killed directly by an impact. 

*The Chelyabinsk meteor event in 2013 is the only impact event known to have resulted in a large number of injuries. It was about 20 metres wide. 

*One of the most well-known impacts in modern times was the Tunguska event. This happened in Siberia in 1908. Impacts of that size are said to happen about once every thousand years. The crater (from the impact) [was] 500 km wide.

## Related pages
*Asteroid impact prediction
*Near-Earth asteroid
*Near-Earth object
* Late Heavy Bombardment

## References
## Other websites
* Earth Impact Database
* Earth Impact Effects Program
Ten Days of Repentance

The **Ten Days of Repentance** (, *aseret yemay teshuva)* is a time of year when Jews  on prayer and repentance.  The ten days begin with the holiday of Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, and end with the fast of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.

Because of the importance of repentance, the two holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are often called the **High Holy Days** or **High Holidays** (ימים נוראים, ''yamim nora'im,'' "Days of ").
The King and I

***The King and I*** is a two-act musical. It is based on the novel, Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon.  Oscar Hammerstein II wrote the musical's book and lyrics. Richard Rodgers wrote the music. The musical received the 1952 Tony Award for Best Musical.
 
*The King and I* opened on Broadway at the St. James Theatre on 29 March 1951, and closed on 20 March 1954 after 1246 performances. The original production starred Gertrude Lawrence and Yul Brynner. It was directed by John Van Druten, and choreographed by Jerome Robbins. Scenery and lighting were designed by Jo Mielziner. 

*The King and I* opened on the West End at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, on 8 October 1953, and closed after 926 performances. In 1956, the musical was released as a Twentieth Century Fox movie starring Yul Brynner and Deborah Kerr. 
in a deleted scene tuptim married  Prince Chulalongkorn
In 1999, Warner Bros. made an Animated movie called The King and I based on the play.  

## References
* Broadway Musical Home: the King and I
* Guide to Musical Theatre: The King and I 
* Imagi-nation: The King and I
* IBdb: The King and I
* BEV: The King and I
Olei Hagardom

**Olei Hagardom** (, meaning "those hanged in the gallows") is the name of twelve Zionist activists who were sentenced to death between 1938 and 1947 in the British Mandate of Palestine. They were members of the militant groups Irgun and Lehi, who fought against Arabs and the British for an independent State of Israel. The Olei Hagardom included nine members of Irgun and three members of Lehi, who were executed by hanging.

A national burial site of the Olei Hagardom is located in the national military and police cemetery in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. A museum for the Olei HaGardom is located in Jerusalem and the old city of Acre.  

## Other websites 
* Olei Hagardom  article in Jabotinsky Institute website
Saskatchewan Roughriders

The **Saskatchewan Roughriders** are a Canadian Football League team from Regina, Saskatchewan. The team were created in 1910. They have won five Grey Cups, with the most recent championship coming in 2025. They play at Mosaic Stadium.

## Other websites 
*Official website
Melvil Dewey

**Melville Louis Kossuth** (**Melvil**) **Dewey** (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) was an American librarian and educator. He invented the Dewey Decimal library classification system. 

## Early life
Dewey was born on December 10, 1851, in Adams Center, New York. 
He attended Alfred University in 1870 and then Amherst College. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1874 and a master's in 1877.

## Career
While still a student, he founded the Library Bureau, a company that sold index-cards and filing-cabinets used in libraries and businesses.

He developed his book classification system based on a decimal numbering system while working in the Amherst library. He published a first edition in 1876.

He was one of the founders of the American Library Association in 1876 and served for many years as editor of the Journal of the American Library Association.

In the 1880's he took a position as librarian at Columbia University Libraries, where he developed one of the first training schools for librarians.

## Lake Placid Club
Dewey founded the Lake Placid Club in Lake Placid, New York in 1895 as a health club and retreat. The Winter Olympics were held there, mostly led by his son Godfrey He also founded The Metric Bureau in 1876 to advocate for the United States to move to metric measurement.

## Personal life
Dewey married twice, first to Annie R. Godfrey, and then to Emily McKay Beal.
## References
Herwald Ramsbotham

**Herwald Ramsbotham** GCMG, GCVO, OBE, MC, PC (6 March 1887 – 30 January 1971) otherwise known as "The Viscount Solabry", was a British politician. He was a government minister between 1931 and 1941 and served as the Governor-General of Ceylon between 1949 and 1954.
Oliver Goonetilleke

Sir **Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke**, GCMG, KCVO, KBE (; 20 October 1892 – 17 December 1978) became the third Governor-General of Ceylon (1954-1962). He was the first Ceylonese to hold the vice-regal post. Goonetilleke played an important role in the war of independence for Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from Britain.

Goonetilleke was Governor-General from July 17, 1954 to March 2, 1962. He served for 8 years. The monarch during his term as Governor-General was Queen Elizabeth II.

## Personal details 
Goonetilleke was born on October 20, 1892 in Trincomalee, Ceylon. He died on December 17, 1978 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Goonetilleke had a wife named Esther Goonetilleke and had three children.
Machaeroides

***Machaeroides*** ("dagger-like") was a genus of sabre-toothed creodonts which lived during the Eocene (56 to 34 mya). Its fossils were found in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It is the earliest known sabre-toothed mammal. 

It looked like a small, dog-sized saber-toothed cat. *Machaeroides* had a longer skull than a cat-family animal, and it walked plantigrade, with its palms and heels on the ground, instead of on its toes like a cat or dog.

The long survival of these small animals shows that their killing method suited small cats as well as large cats.
Hamilton Tiger-Cats

The **Hamilton Tiger-Cats** are a Canadian Football League team in Hamilton, Ontario. They won 8 Grey Cups. They play at Tim Hortons Field in Hamilton, which opened in 2014 at the site of their former home of Ivor Wynne Stadium. The Tiger-Cats were founded in 1950 when the Hamilton Tigers, founded in 1869, merged with the Hamilton Wildcats, formed in 1941.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Peggy Wood

**Mary Margaret Wood** (also known as **Peggy Wood**; February 9, 1892 – March 18, 1978) was an American actress. She acted mostly in stage plays, but was also in some television series and movies. She played Mother Abbess in *The Sound of Music* in 1965. She also played Marta Hansen in the television series *Mama* between 1949 and 1957.

Wood was born in Brooklyn, New York City. She died in Stamford, Connecticut following a stroke at eighty-six.
Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire

**Stamford Bridge** is a village on the River Derwent, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, in Great Britain.  It is about  east of York and  north of Selby. The battle marked the end of the Viking era in England.

## References
Vivian Vance

**Vivian Roberta Jones** (or **Vivian Vance**; July 26, 1909 – August 17, 1979) was an American actress and musician. She was in lots of notable television series and movies. She played Ethel Mertz in the American sitcom *I Love Lucy*. She also played Vivian Bagley in *The Lucy Show*. She also had many stage performances in her career.

Vance was born in Cherryvale, Kansas. She died in Belvedere, California due to bone cancer at age seventy.
Shinichi Hoshi

**Shinichi Hoshi** ( ''Hoshi Shin'ichi'', 6 September 1926 – 30 December 1997) was a Japanese writer　(The kanji for his real name were 親一). He is best known for his science fiction stories, the so-called "short-short" ones, often no more than three or four pages in length. He wrote over 1000 of these in his 26-year career. He also wrote mystery stories, and won the Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Mōsō Ginkō (Delusion Bank) in 1968.

## Life 
Shinichi was raised in Tokyo by his grandparents. His grandfather was a anatomist and anthropologist. His grandmother was a sister of a Japanese novelist, Ogai Mori. Hajime Hoshi, his father, was a president of Hoshi Pharmacy and founder of Hoshi University.

He died on 30 December 1997.

## Books 
Shinchosha

*Bokko-chan (Miss Bokko)
*Yokoso Chikyu-san (Welcome, Earth!)
*Kimagure Shisu
*Hora Danshaku Gendai no Boken (The Modern Adventures of Baron Munchausen )
*Bonbon to Akumu (Bonbons and Nightmares)
*Akuma no iru Tengoku (Heaven with a Demon)
*Onozomi no Ketsumatsu (The Ending You Wished For)
*Mai Kokka (My Nation)
*Yousei Haikyu Gaisha (The Fairy Distributing Company)
*Uchu no Aisatsu (Greetings from Outer Space)
*Gogo no Kyoryu
*Shiroi Huku no Otoko
*Moso Ginko
*Burankono Mukode (The Other Side of the Swing)
*Jinmin wa Yowashi, Kanri wa Tsuyoshi
*Meiji Chichi America
*Osekkaina Kamigami (Meddlesome Gods)
*Nigiyakana Heya
*Hitonigiri no Mirai (A Handful of Future)
*Darekasan no Akumu
*Mirai Isoppu (Aesop Fables for the Future)
*Samazamana Meiro
*Kabocha no Basha
*Enushi no Yuenchi
*Tozoku Gaisha
*Nokku no Otoga
*Yoru no Kakurenbo
*Omisore Shakai
*Takusan no Tabu
*Narisokonai Oji
*Dokoka no Jiken
*Anzen no Kado
*Goirai no Ken
*Arihureta Shuho
*Kyomu nado 30
*Donguri Minwakan
*Korekara no Dekigoto
*Tsunenaranu Hanashi
*Meiji no Jinbutsushi
*Tengokukara no Michi
*Hushigina Yume
*Complete Works Vol. 1
*Complete Works Vol. 2
*Complete Works Vol. 3

## Other websites 
* The Hoshi Library The Official English Website of Shinichi Hoshi 
* Life & Works  
* 星新一公式サイト (Japanese)
* 新潮社公式サイト (Japanese)
* Hoshi University
Vanessa Morgan

]]
**Vanessa Morgan Mziray** (born March 23, 1992), known professionally as **Vanessa Morgan** is a Canadian actress. She acts mostly on television. She played Sarah in ''My Babysitter's a Vampire* and Amanda on the Family Channel show *The Latest Buzz''. Morgan was born in Ottawa, Ontario.

## References
Aaqib Javed

**Aaqib Javed** (; born 5 August 1972) is a former Pakistani cricketer. He was a right-handed medium-fast bowler with the ability to swing the ball both ways. He played 22 Tests and 163 One Day Internationals for Pakistan between 1988 and 1998. He was educated at Islamia College in Lahore.

## References 
* https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1922/1922.html
June Havoc

**Ellen Evangeline Hovick** (known as **June Havoc**; November 8, 1912 – March 28, 2010) was a Canadian-born American actress, dancer, author and a theater director. She acted in many stage plays and movies. She began on Broadway, appearing in plays including *Pal Joey*. She later moved to Hollywood and began acting in movies. Her first movie was ''Gentleman's Agreement*. She last appeared on the television series *General Hospital'' in 1990.

Havoc was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. Her sister was Gypsy Rose Lee. Their father was Norwegian-American. She died in Stamford, Connecticut at 97.

## Other websites 
*
Jewish Parachutists of Mandate of Palestine

The **Jewish Parachutists of Mandate Palestine** were a group of 250 Jewish people from Mandatory Palestine who volunteered to join the British Army and fight Nazi Germany during World War II. A national burial site for them is located in the national military and police cemetery in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. In the grave site are three graves of famous paratroopers and four empty graves for the paratroopers that were killed in the Holocaust in the death camps.

## Other websites 
*the graves Jewish Parachutists of Mandate Palestine in Mount Herzl in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission site
*Combat and Resistance: Jewish Soldiers in the Allied Armies  on the Yad Vashem website
*United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Jewish Parachutists from Palestine
Aliyah Bet

***Aliyah Bet*** (, *Aliyah bet*) is the name of the illegal immigration to by Jews to the British Mandate of Palestine between 1934 and 1948. It is also known as '''''Ha'apala'''* (, meaning ascension) in Hebrew. Over 100,000 people tried to illegally enter Palestine. There were 142 voyages by 120 ships. Over half were stopped by the British patrols. Over 1,600 drowned at sea. Only a few thousand actually entered Palestine.

A national burial site for those Jews who drowned in the sea during the *Aliyah Bet* is in the National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel in Mount Herzl. Other burials are in Carmel Beach cemetery in Haifa. A museum of the history of *Aliyah Bet* is in Atlit detainee camp. The central memorial for those who did the *Aliyah Bet* is in the London Garden in Tel Aviv.

## Other websites 
* Aliyah Bet and Machal Virtual Museum
* "Aliyah During World War II and its Aftermath", *Jewish Virtual Library''
* United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Aliyah Bet
* Aliyah Bet Voyages Aliyah Bet Project Aliyah Bet Voyages includes pictures and details of the boats of Aliyah Bet, ports of origin, dates of sailing, dates of arrival in Palestine and the number of immigrants on board.
* The background to Aliyah Bet
Jacqueline Bisset

**Jacqueline Bisset** (born 13 September 1944) is an English actress. She has appeared in a lot of notable movies. She played Jackie in *Two for the Road* in 1967 (which also starred Audrey Hepburn). Bisset also played Miss Goodthighs in *Casino Royale*, another 1967 movie. She has also appeared on television.

## Early life
Bisset was born in Weybridge, Surrey, England. Her birth name is **Winifred Jacqueline Fraser Bisset**  She is the daughter of Arlette Alexander, a lawyer-turned-housewife, and Max Fraser Bisset, a general practitioner. She was brought up in Reading, Berkshire, where she lived in the suburb of Tilehurst. Her father was Scottish and her mother was of French and English ancestry;

## References
## Other websites
*
Eliza Bennett

**Eliza Bennett** (born 17 March 1992) is an English actress and singer. She has acted in many movies and television programs. She played Tora in *Nanny McPhee* in 2005. She also starred as Meggie Folchart in the movie *Inkheart*. Bennett was born in Reading, Berkshire in England.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Ashley Rickards

**Ashley Rickards** (b. May 4, 1992) is an American actress. She has appeared in both television series and movies. She played the role of Mandy, the autistic girl, in the 2011 independent movie *Fly Away*. She also played Jenna Hamilton in *Awkward* on MTV. Rickards was born in Sarasota, Florida.

## References
Kate Upton

**Katherine "Kate" Upton** is an American model and actress. She was on the covers of *Cosmopolitan*, *GQ*, *Vogue* and *Sports Illustrated*. She starred as Sister Bernice in the 2011 adaptation of *The Three Stooges* and mistress for Mr. Hightower in the movie *Tower Heist*, also in 2011. She was born in St. Joseph, Michigan, but was raised in Florida.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Cinderella (musical)

***Cinderella*** is a musical. It is based on the fairy tale, "Cendrillon, ou La petite pantoufle de vere" by Charles Perrault.  Oscar Hammerstein II wrote the musical's book and  lyrics. Richard Rodgers wrote the music. Musical highlights include "In My Own Little Corner", "A Lovely Night", "Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful?" and "Impossible". 

The musical was written for the CBS Network. It was televised on 31 March 1957.  Julie Andrews starred as Cinderella.  The musical opened on 18 December 1958 at the Coliseum in London. It was remade for television by the CBS Network, and aired on 22 February 1965 with Lesley Anne Warren as Cinderella, Stuart Damon as the Prince, Walter Pidgeon as the King, and Celeste Holm as the Godmother. *Cinderella* premiered on Broadway on 3 March 2013.

## References
* Guide to Musical Theatre: Cinderella
* Broadway Musical Home: Cinderella
Sky Ferreira

**Sky Ferreira** (born July 8, 1992) is an American musician and actress. She performs indie-pop, alternative pop and folk music. 

She appeared on the Spring/Summer 2011 issue of *Vs* magazine. 

Ferreira was born in Venice Beach in Los Angeles. 

Ferreira released her first album, *Night Time, My Time* in the United States on October 29, 2013 by Capitol Records. It got good reviews from music critics. Pitchfork gave it 8.1 out of 10. On November 27 2013 *Night Time, My Time B-Sides: Part 1* was released. It has four songs.

She will tour with Miley Cyrus.

## References
Radio program

A **radio program** (usually **radio programme** in the United Kingdom) or **radio show** is a segment of content intended for broadcast on radio. It may be a one-time production or part of a periodically recurring series. A single program in a series is called an episode.

Well known radio programs are *Democracy Now!* and the chart show *Ö3 Austria Top 40*.
Tiffany Evans

**Tiffany Evans** (born 1992/1993) is an American musician. She plays pop music and rhythm and blues. She released her first studio album in April 2008. It was called *Tiffany Evans*. The album was not very successful. Evans was born in New York City.

## References
Detroit River

The **Detroit River** is a river in the Great Lakes system. The river connects Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie. It forms part of the border between Canada and the United States. It is  long. It divides the cities of Detroit and Windsor. It is one of the busiest waterways in the world.

The name comes from the French *Rivière du Détroit*, which means *River of the Strait*.

## References
Mill Ends Park

**Mill Ends Park** (sometimes called '''Mill's End Park'*) is a small urban park. It is located in the median strip of SW Naito Parkway, approaching esplanade along the Willamentte Rivera near SW Taylor Street in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. The park is a small circle  across. It has a total area of . It is the smallest park in the world. This fact was included in the *Guinness Book of Records'' in 1971.

## History 
The park was dedicated on St. Patrick's Day 1948, as "the only leprechaun colony west of Ireland". It was created by Dick Fagan. In 1948 the site that would become Mill Ends Park was supposed to be the site for a light pole. The pole did not work and weeds began to grow. Fagan, writer for the *Oregon Journal*, planted flowers in the hole. He named it "Mill Ends", after his column. Fagan died of cancer in 1968. It was named the official city park in 1976.

## References 
*

## Other websites 
*A photo of the park
Dick Gray

**Richard Benjamin Gray** (July 11, 1931 &ndash; July 8, 2013) was an American baseball player. Gray was a third baseman in Major League Baseball. He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers and St. Louis Cardinals.

Gray is best known as the player who hit the first home run in Los Angeles Dodgers history and the first to homer in their opening game at LA Memorial Coliseum.

Gray was born on July 11, 1931 in Jefferson, Greene County, Pennsylvania. He retired in 1993. Gray died on July 8, 2013 in Anaheim, California from heart failure, aged 81.

## References
EMV

**EMV** is a standard protocol for credit cards and debit cards. These cards used to use a magnetic stripe to store information. This approach has two main problems: first, the amount of data that can be stored is relatively small. Such a card can store about 1024 Bits, or 128 bytes. The second problem is bigger: the data stored is not encrypted. Using a card with EMV technology, also called a "chip card" for the shiny, metallic "chip" on the front, can solve both problems: it can store much more data, and the data can be encrypted.

Payment cards that use chips have been in use since the early 1990s. Beforehand, each card issuer had their own protocol. With EMV, the protocol has been standardised. The first version of EMV was published in 1995, and there have been different versions since then. It was adopted in Europe before the United States, which required all new cards from 2015 on to have EMV chips.

 at the bottom.|left]]
## How do EMV cards work?
Payments using EMV technology is often called "chip and PIN". This is because to use such a card to make a payment at a cash register or point-of-sale terminal, the card first needs to be inserted into a small machine called a "payment terminal" or "PIN pad", with the side where the chip is on facing up and towards the machine. Once the card is inserted, it is left there so that the terminal can read the data stored in the chip. The terminal will often ask the user to  the amount of the purchase or refund, choose the  in the case of a debit card, and will then require the user to enter a personal identification number (PIN). This number makes sure nobody other than the owner of the card can use it - if the wrong PIN is entered a certain number of times, the card is locked and cannot be used. Once the correct PIN is entered, the terminal will contact the bank to  the transaction. The bank will either "" (accept) the transaction, or "" (reject) it. Once this happens, the person removes his or her card from the terminal.

## References
## Other websites
*A website about Chip and PIN payments in the UK
Carnegie Institution for Science

The **Carnegie Institution for Science** is an American research organisation founded by Andrew Carnegie. 

## Other websites
*Official website
Concha García Campoy

**Concepción García Campoy** (28 October 1958 &ndash; 10 July 2013), also known as **Concha García Campoy**; was a Spanish radio and television journalist and personality.

Campoy was born on 28 October 1958 in Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain. She was raised in Ibiza, Spain. Campoy was divorced two times. Her first marriage was with Jaime Roig. She was also married to Lorenzo Díaz. Campoy had an affair with movie producer Andrés Vicente Gómez. She had two children. Campoy died on 10 July 2013 in Valencia, Spain from liver failure caused by leukemia, aged 54.
She was cremated and her ashes was scattered off the coast of Ibiza.

## References
## Other websites
*
Carlit

**Pic Carlit** (; ) is a mountain of the French Pyrenees and has an elevation of  above sea level.

It is the highest point of the department of Pyrénées-Orientales and of the region Languedoc-Roussillon, France.

## Geography
Pic Carlit is in the nortwestern part of the Regional Natural Park of the Catalan Pyrenees (; , often shortened as *Parc del Pirineu Català*).

There are many small lakes in the region around the mountain. One of them is the man-made lake of Bouillouses, which is one of the point to begin hiking to get to the top of Pic Carlit.

The source of Têt (the largest river of the department Pyrénées-Orientales) is on the northeastern side of the mountain.

## History
The first ascent of this peak was made by Henry Russell in 1864.

## References
## Other websites
* Pic Carlit: Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering
*  Pic Carlit - Altituderando
* Pic Carlit - World 66 travel guide 
* Pic Carlit - Languedoc-Roussilon, France - peakery
Norwegian-language editions of Wikipedia

There are two **Norwegian-language editions of Wikipedia**: one for articles written in Bokmål or Riksmål, and one for articles written in Nynorsk. The Bokmål and Riksmål edition started in November 2001, while the Nynorsk edition started in July 2004.

As of   , the Bokmål and Riksmål edition has around  articles, and the Nynorsk edition has around  articles.

As of June 2024, the Bokmål edition is 24th and the Nynorsk is 59th largest by article count.

## History
Until 2005, there was one Norwegian-language edition of Wikipedia, that was called "Wikipedia på norsk" ("Wikipedia in Norwegian").

## Related pages
*Belarusian Wikipedia, another language with two Wikipedia editions for separate orthographies

## References
## Other websites
*Norwegian Wikipedia (Bokmål and Riksmål)
*Norwegian Wikipedia (Nynorsk)
Henry Clay Jr.

.]]
**Henry Clay, Jr.** (April 10, 1811 – February 23, 1847) was an American politician and soldier.  He was the son of Henry Clay.  After his studies of law, he enrolled in the military. He fought in the  Mexican-American War, and was killed in the Battle of Buena Vista.

## Other websites
*Henry Clay, Jr. at Find a Grave
Haitian Creole Wikipedia

The **Haitian Creole Wikipedia** is the Haitian Creole-language edition of Wikipedia. It was started in August 2004. In October 2020, it had over 60,000 articles.

## References
## Other websites
*Haitian Creole Wikipedia main page
Marjorie Main

**Mary Tomlinson** (better known as **Marjorie Main**; February 24, 1890 – April 10, 1975) was an American character actress. She began working on Broadway. She often played mean, domineering and condescending ladies in movies. Those movies included *Dead End*, a 1937 movie, and the 1939 adaptation of *The Women*. Main acted as *Ma Kettle* in later movies. Main was born in Indiana. She died in Los Angeles at age eighty-five from lung cancer.
Lois Wilson

**Lois Wilson** (28 June 1894 – 3 March 1988) was an American actress. She appeared in silent movies. She played Molly Wingate in *The Covered Wagon* in 1923 and as Daisy Buchanan in *The Great Gatsby* in 1926. In the 1930s, she became dissatisfied with the roles she was given. She retired from acting in movies in 1941.

Wilson was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She died from pneumonia in Reno, Nevada at 93.
Alice Joyce

**Alice Joyce** (October 1, 1890 – October 9, 1955) was an American actress. She appeared in more than two hundred movies in the 1910s and 1920s. She starred mostly in silent movies. Those included *The Green Goddess* in 1923. She was born in Kansas City, Missouri. She died resulting from heart problems at age sixty-five in Hollywood, California.
Kiss Me, Kate

in 1939]]

***Kiss Me, Kate*** is a musical. The libretto was written by Samuel and Bella Spewack. The lyrics and music were written by Cole Porter. It is based on Shakespeare's *The Taming of the Shrew*. It opened on Broadway in 1948. It starred Alfred Drake and Patricia Morison. It won the first Tony Award for Best Musical in 1949. The musical opened in the West End in 1951.
The story of the musical is about the backstage conflicts, tensions, and troubles between the four stars of a musical version of *Shrew*. 

A movie version of the musical was released in 1953. A television version was produced for the Hallmark Hall of Fame in 1958 starring Alfred Drake and Patricia Morison. Another television version was made for BBC Two in 1964 with Howard Keel and Morison, and a third television production was made in 1968 with Robert Goulet and Carol Lawrence. In 2003, a *Great Performances* television production starred Brent Barrett and Rachel York.

## References
Kambiz Hosseini

**Kambiz Hosseini** is an Iranian television and radio presenter in New York. He is now the presenter of the political satire news show *Poletik* and also a weekly podcast on human rights in Iran called *Five in the afternoon*. He made and presented the successful television show *Parazit* on the Persian Voice of America from 2009-2012. This show had 30 million viewers in the world.

## Other websites
* Photos of Hosseini on set
* http://www.iranhumanrights.org/2013/01/podcast_campaign/
* http://www.bbg.gov/blog/2012/04/18/parazit-voa-satire-for-iran-gets-tv-award/)
* http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2011/10/176299.htm
* http://www.economist.com/node/21536654
* http://www.bendbulletin.com/article/20110101/NEWS0107/101010370/ 
* http://www.foreign.senate.gov/hearings/hearing/?id=8c389421-5056-a032-52a6-a8cb423d66ec
Volcanic plug

chapel, on top of a volcanic plug in Le Puy-en-Velay, France.]]
 Rock Fortress, Sri Lanka]]

A **volcanic plug** is a landform created when volcanic magma hardens inside a vent on an active volcano. They are sometimes called volcanic necks or *puys*. The plug is revealed when the surrounding land is eroded.

As it forms, a plug may cause an extreme build-up of pressure if gas-charged magma is trapped beneath it. This sometimes leads to an explosive eruption. But if the explosion does not occur, then the volcano becomes a solid block made of hard material.

The plug is usually harder than the surrounding rock. Glacial erosion can lead to exposure of the plug on one side, while a long slope of material remains on the lee side. Such landforms are called crag and tail. If a plug is preserved, erosion may remove the surrounding rock while the erosion-resistant plug remains. This is what produces the distinctive upstanding landform.

## Related pages 
*Intrusion

## References 
 in Scotland is built on an ancient volcanic plug.]]
Kazakh Wikipedia

The **Kazakh Wikipedia** is the Kazakh-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in June 2002.

It is the 33rd largest edition.

As of July 2013, it had over 202,000 articles.

## References
## Other websites
*Kazakh Wikipedia main page
Left–right politics

Political parties are sometimes described as being either left-wing, right-wing, or center.

Left-wing politics are usually progressive, meaning that left-wing people are in favor of social change. They believe in direct intervention and the regulation of markets. 

Right-wing people believe that the government should not be behind social change, instead delegating the authority to certain individuals or groups. Definitions of "right-wing" vary; however conservatives occasionally support moves back to the way certain things were in the past (or the way people think it was in the past).

## References
Cartoon Network (Europe)

**Cartoon Network** (commonly abbreviated as **CN**) is a British pay television channel aimed at children which airs animated programming targeting children and young aged 6 to 12. It is run by Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA for localisation strategy for international markets (such as the UK) and in conjunction with Warner Bros. Television Studios UK for the production of content and global leadership of the Cartoon Network brand.The channel primarily airs animated programming.

The channel initially launched on 17 September 1993 as a larger pan-European feed, serving the UK market along with Western and Northern Europe. In August 1999, the pan-European aspect of Cartoon Network Europe was spun-off as a new feed with an identical schedule to Cartoon Network UK (the former pan-European feed). Cartoon Network UK completely ceased being a pan-European feed on 15 October 1999 which was when it was scrambled with Videocrypt and the launch of the UK only version of TNT. The pan-European feed continued to shadow Cartoon Network UK's schedule until 2001. The pan-European feed excluded shows such as *Dragon Ball Z* and *Angela Anaconda* and were substituted, as Cartoon Network did not have the pan-European broadcasting rights to these shows, only the rights for the UK and the Netherlands.

## References
## Other websites
* Official pan-European Feed Site
* Other official pan-European Feed Site 
* Official UK Site
Codrin Țapu

**Codrin Ștefan Țapu** (born December 17, 1973) is a Romanian psychologist. He developed the hypostatic model of personality, which is a way of viewing the many sides of a person's character.

## References
Cartoon Network (Russian & Southeastern European TV channel)

**Cartoon Network Russia and Southeast Europe** is a television channel broadcast in Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia and the Balkans. It shows cartoons. The channel was created on 1 October 2009. It replaced the Pan-European Cartoon Network in those countries where this version is broadcast. It is available in three languages: Bulgarian, Russian and English.

## Programs
### Current
**Adventure Time* (Финн и Джейк)
**The Amazing World of Gumball*
**Apple & Onion*
**Aquaman: King of Atlantis*
**Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!* (Слишком круто, Скуби-Ду!)
**Ben 10 (2016)*
**Bunnicula*
**Chronokids*
*''Chuck's Choice* (Выбор Чака)
**Clarence*
**Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs* (Облачно, возможны осадки в виде фрикаделек)
**Craig of the Creek* (Ручей Крейга)
**DC Super Hero Girls*
**Digimon Universe: App Monsters* (Вселенная Digimon: Монстры приложений)
**Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz* (Волшебник страны Оз: Дороти и друзья)
**Dr. Dimensionpants* (Доктор Фантастик)
**DreamWorks Dragons* (Драконы: Бёркские всадники)
**Johnny Test*
**The Jungle Bunch*
**Justice League Action*
**Mighty Magiswords*
**Sidekick*
**Mixels*
**Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu*
**The Powerpuff Girls (2016)* (Крутые девчонки)
**Regular Show* (Обычный Мультик)
**Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated* (Скуби-Ду! Mystery Incorporated)
**Steven Universe* (Вселенная Стивена)
**Supernoobs*
**Teen Titans Go!* (Юные титаны, вперёд!)
**Totally Spies!*
**Uncle Grandpa* (Дядя Деда)
**Yo-Kai Watch*

### Former
* *Baby Looney Tunes*
* *Bananas in Pyjamas*
* *Ben 10 (2005)*
* *Ben 10: Alien Force*
* *Ben 10: Ultimate Alien*
* *Camp Lazlo*
* *Codename: Kids Next Door* (Кодовое название: KND)
* *Corneil and Bernie* (Корнейл и Берни)
* *Courage the Cowardly Dog* (Мужество, трусливый пес)
* *Chowder*
* *Dexter's Laboratory* (Лаборатория Декстера)
* *Floricienta*
* *Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends* (Фостер, дом воображаемых друзей)
* *Frankenstein's Cat* (Кошка Франкенштейна)
* *Gerald McBoing-Boing*
* *Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi*
* *Jelly Jamm*
* *Johnny Bravo*
* *Justice League* (Лига Справедливости)
* *Justice League Unlimited* (Новая Лига Справедливости)
* *Lazy Town*
* *The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack*
* *Patito Feo* (Мир Патрисии)
* *Powerpuff Girls Z* (Крутые девчонки Z)
* *Puppy in My Pocket: Adventures in Pocketville*
* *Ratz*
* *Robotboy*
* *Samurai Jack* (Самурай джек)
* *Space Goofs* (Зинзины из космоса)
* *Storm Hawks* (Штормовые ястребы)
* *Superman*
* *Taz-Mania*
* *The Life and Times of Juniper Lee* (Можжевельник Ли)
* *The Powerpuff Girls* (Крутые девчонки)
* *Tiny Toon Adventures* (Крошечные мультяшки)
* *What's New, Scooby-Doo?* (Что нового в Скуби-Ду?)
* *Xiaolin Showdown''

## Related pages
* Cartoon Network (Europe)

## References
## Other websites
* Official site in Bulgarian
* Official site in Ukrainian
* Official site in Russian
Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi

**Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi** () is a private university in Rome, Italy. It was started on 2004. The university has 6 specialized schools. The university's rector is Alessandra Briganti.
Boutique

fashion boutique]]

A **boutique** is a small shopping outlet, especially one that specializes in elite and fashionable items such as clothing and jewellery. The word is French for "shop".

"Boutique" was an everyday English word in the late 1960s when, for a brief period, Swinging London was the centre of the fashion trade. Carnaby Street and the Kings Road were the focus of much media attention as the most fashionable boutiques of the era were there.

Today, boutique may refer to a specialised firm, such as a boutique investment bank or boutique law firm.  The word is often used to describe small private hotels, to distinguish them from larger chains (such as Hilton Hotels).  In such cases the term suggest their operation is elite and highly specialised.

In the strictest sense of the word, boutiques would be one-of-a-kind but some chains are referred to as boutiques if they specialize in particular styles.

Recently, the term "boutique" has started being applied to normally-mass-market items that are either niche or produced in intentionally small numbers at very high prices.  This may be referred to as boutique manufacturing. For example, a *Time Magazine* article suggested that Nintendo could become a "boutique video-game company", producing games for niche audiences, rather than trying to compete directly with Microsoft and Sony.

## References
Avan Jogia

**Avan Tudor Jogia** (born February 9, 1992 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian actor and singer. He is best known for his role as *Beck Oliver* in *Victorious*.

## Early life
Avan Tudor Jogia was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. He also grew up there. He is of Indian and European descent. His father was born in London and comes from India. His mother has Irish, Welsh and French ancestry.

In his youth, Jogia lived in Canada, Germany and England. He went to different schools in Vancouver like the *Killarney Secondary School* and the *King George Secondary School*. He got also private education. In the 10th class, he left the school to concentrate on his acting career.

## Career
He began his career in 2006 as *Danny Araujo* in the film *A Girl Like Me: The Gwen Araujo Story*. In 2007 he had small roles in the series *Aliens in America*. He played in the film *Gym Teacher: The Movie* in 2008 and on the Nickelodeon television movie *Spectacular!* in 2009.

From 2010-2013 he played on the Nickelodeon television series *Victorious* as *Beck Oliver*. In October 2012 he got the main role on the ABC Family series *Twisted*. It started in March 2013

## Personal life
2012-2017 Jogia and Zoey Deutch were a pair. He was also previously in a relationship with Cleopatra Coleman.

In 2023, he is currently dating American singer Halsey.

## Television and film roles
Emily Meade

**Emily Meade** (born January 10, 1989) is an American actress. She began acting as a child. She played Ella Blake in the science fiction series *Fringe* in its third season. She played Fang and Leah in the movie *My Soul to Take* (2010). Meade also acted in other movies.

## References
Kristin Herrera

**Kristin Lisa Herrera** (born 21 February 1989) is an American actress. She performs mostly on television. She played Lourdes Del Torro in *General Hospital*. She played Dana Cruz in *Zoey 101*. Herrera took a break from acting starting in 2008.

Herrera was born in Los Angeles.

## References
Lauren Bennett

**Lauren Bennett** (born 23 June 1989) is an English singer, singer and model. She has worked with various music groups. She worked with the Paradiso Girls in the late 2000s. She began working with the Pussycat Dolls in the 2010s. She also worked with the rap group LMFAO.

Bennett was born in Kent in the United Kingdom.

## References
Charlotte Arnold

**Charlotte Arnold** (b. 27 July 1989) is a Canadian actress who appears mostly on television. She starred as Sadie Hawthorne in the TV series *Naturally, Sadie*. She played Holly in *Degrassi: The Next Generation*.

Arnold was born in Toronto.

## References
Shenae Grimes

**Shenae Grimes** (24 October 1989) is a Canadian actress who stars in both movies and television. She played Annie Wilson in *90210* and Darcy Edwards in *Degrassi: The Next Generation*. She was also a recurring guest star in *Naturally, Sadie*.

Grimes was born in Toronto, Ontario.

## References