open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Saikō

was a  after *Ninju* and before ''Ten'an.*  This period started in November 854 and ended in February 857. During this time, the emperor was  .

## Events of the *Saikō* era
* **21 April 854** (*Saikō 1, 13th day of the 6th month*): Minamoto no Tokiwa, also known as Minamoto no Tsune, died at age 43.  He was a son of Emperor Saga and he was one of the editors of the *Nihon kōki*.

* **855** (*Saikō 2, 1st month*): An Emishi uprising in the north was met with military force.

* **855** (*Saikō 2, 5th month*): The head of the great statute of Buddha in the Tōdai-ji fell off. Donations were collected to pay for making another head for the *Daibutsu''.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Nihon kōki

is an ancient history of Japan written in 843.

This work is the third of the *Rikkokushi* ("Six National Histories").

Fujiwara no Otsugu, Fujiwara no Yoshino, Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, Minamoto no Tokiwa, Asa no Katori and Yamada no Furutsugu were the main editors.  

*Nihon Kōki* is a primary historical source of information about Japan's Nara period and Heian period. 

The work covers the 135-year period from the beginning of Emperor Mommu's  in 697 until the 9th year of Emperor Juna's reign in 832.   The text is an account of twelve imperial reigns.

## Related pages 
* Nihon Odai Ichiran

## References 
## Further reading
* Sakamoto, Tarō. (1991). *The Six National Histories of Japan* (tr. John S. Brownlee). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.

## Other websites 
* Waseda University Library, *Nihon Kōki* manuscript
Beat (music)

A **beat** is the basic unit of music . Beats can help measure tempos and are performed in grooves and rhythmic music. They measure the pulse and rhythm of a musical piece. They are usually divided into two kinds: stressed and unstressed beats. Stressed beats are the 'strong' beats and unstressed are the 'weak' beats. Time signatures and tempos are created by moving the beats into particular orders.

## On-beat and off-beat
In music that is played in 4|4 time, (counted as "1&nbsp;2&nbsp;3&nbsp;4, 1&nbsp;2&nbsp;3&nbsp;4..."), the first beat of the bar (downbeat) is usually the strongest stressed in the melody and the likeliest place for a chord change. The third is the next strongest: these are the **on beats**. The second and fourth are weaker: these are the **off-beats**.

So "off-beat" is a musical term in syncopation that emphasizes the weak even beats of a bar, as opposed to the usual on-beat. This is a basic beat in African polyrhythm that was transferred over into popular western music. According to Grove Music, the "Offbeat is [often] where the downbeat is replaced by a rest or is carried over from the preceding bar". The downbeat (the first beat of a measure in music) can never be the off-beat because it is the strongest beat in 4/4 time. Certain genres tend to emphasize the off-beat; especially rock and roll and Ska music.

## References
Katie Leigh

**Katherine "Katie" Leigh** (born on December 16, 1958 in Carmel, California) is an American voice actress best known for her role as Connie Kendall on the Focus on the Family radio program *Adventures in Odyssey* since 1987. She has voice acted in both television and movie roles.

## Television roles
* *Aladdin* - Additional Voices
* *All-New Dennis the Menace* - Gina Gillotti, Joey MacDonald
* *Animalia* - Zoe, Fushia Fox, Snipsy Alligator and Echo Elephant
* *As Told By Ginger* - Jr. Harris and Jr. Harris Jr.
* *Darkwing Duck* - Honker Muddlefoot
* *Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds * - Juliette
* ''Dumbo's Circus* - Umbo
* *Dungeons and Dragons* - Sheila the Thief
* *Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears* - Sunni Gummi
* *Jim Henson's Muppet Babies* - Baby Rowlf
* *My Little Pony* - Sundance, Fizzy, Baby Shady, Additional voices
* *Poppy Cat* - Mo
* *The Real Ghost Busters* - Jason, Cindy
* *Slimer! And the Real Ghostbusters* - Jason
* *Richie Rich (1996 TV series)* - Richie
* *Rugrats* - Additional Voices
* *The Adventures of the Little Prince* - Little Prince (English Version)
* *The Mr. Men Show* - Little Miss Chatterbox, Little Miss Daredevil and Little Miss Helpful
* *Totally Spies!* - Alex (Seasons 1 and 2 only)
* *Zatch Bell!* - Pamoon
* *Olivia* - Lily, Additional voices
* *Blue Dragon* - Noe
* *Pound Puppies* - Additional voices
* *Hi Hi Puffy Ami Yumi* - King Chad, Madame Blubbery, Pierre, and Parsephus
* *Pandamonium* - Peggy

## Movie roles
* *Babe: Pig in the City* - Hungry Kitten
* *Lorenzo's Oil* - Lorenzo (ADR)
**The Color Purple* - Esther (ADR)
* *My Little Pony: The Movie* - Fizzy, Baby Sundance
* *Surviving: A Family in Crisis'' - ADR for Heather O'Rourke

## Radio roles
* *Adventures in Odyssey* - Connie Kendall

## Video game roles
* *Star Ocean: First Departure* - Millie Chliette
* *Grim Fandango* - Bibi
* *Silent Hill* - Boy
* *Nerf-n-Strike* - Asian boy
* *Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom* - Maharajah

## Other websites 
* Official website
*
Halenda

**Halenda** is a village in Gujarat, India.

## Geography 
Halenda's altitude is 197 meters (649 feet).

## Postal code 
The postal code is 360032.
## References
Kashō (early Heian period)

:*For the "Kashō" era which started in 1106 -- sometimes romanized as "Kajō", see Kashō (late Heian period).*

 was a , also known as **Kajō**,  after *Jōwa* and before *Ninju.*  This period started in June 848 and ended in April 851.  During this time, the emperors were  and .

## Events of the 9th century *Kashō* era
 established a Buddhist temple which was a  of Tenryū-ji ]]
* **18 February 848** (*Kashō 1, 10th day of the 1st month*): Fujiwara Yoshifusa (904-872) was given an important office in the court.  Yoshifusa's daughter became Emperor Montoku's wife and the mother of Emperor Seiwa.
* **848** (*Kashō 1, 6th month*): A rare white tortoise was discovered in Bungo Province.  The tortoise was understood as a sign of good luck. The succession (*senso*) was  by his eldest son.  Soon after, Emperor Montoku accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (*sokui*).
* **850** (*Kashō 3, 5th month*): Tachibana no Kachiko died. She was the widow of Emperor Saga and the mother of Emperor Ninmyō and the grandmother of Emperor Montoku. She  a  Buddhist temple called  which  into  which exists today.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Kashō (late Heian period)

:*For the "Kashō" era which started in 848 -- sometimes romanized as "Kajō", see Kashō (early Heian period).*

, also romanized as **Kajō**, was a  after *Chōji* and before *Tennin.*  This period started in April 1106 and ended in August 1108.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the 12th century *Kashō* era
* **3 October 1106** (*Kashō 1*): Major Shinto shrines were given many petitions which asked for the healing of "evil influences on the Emperor".
* **9 August 1107** (*Kajō 2, 19th day of the 7th month*) : In the 21st year of Emperor Horikawa's reign, he died at the age of 29. The succession (*senso*) was  by his only son.  Soon after, Emperor Toba accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (*sokui*).  This was  in ceremonies.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Sakanoue no Tamuramaro

was a general and shogun of the early Heian Period of Japan. He was the son of Sakanoue no Karitamaro.

## Military career
Emperor Kammu gave Tamuramaro the title of shogun. He was given the task of conquering the Ezo tribes, also known as the .  This were the population who lived in the northern part of Honshū

After Emperor Kammu's death, the general continued to serve Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga as  and .

Tamuramaro was only the second warrior to  the title of shogun. The first to receive this title was Ōtomo no Otomaro.
 
Tamuramaro's military successes are commemorated today in local festivals in the Tohoku region.

Tamuramaro's name is linked with payments for construction projects at Kiyomizu Temple (*Kiyomizu-dera*) in the late 8th century.

* **811** (*Kōnin 2, 3rd month*): Tamuramaro died at age 54.

### After his death
The warrior is buried at Shogun-zuka which is east of Kyoto. His bow, arrows, quiver and sword were buried with him by order of the Emperor.

## Notes
Vicente Fox

**Vicente Fox Quesada** (born July 2, 1942) is a Mexican politician. He was 55th President of Mexico from December 1, 2000 to November 30, 2006. Fox is currently co-president of the Centrist Democrat International. It is an international organization of Christian democratic political parties.

## President of Mexico (2000-2006)
Fox was elected President of Mexico in the 2000 presidential election, a historically important election that made him the first president elected from an opposition party since Francisco I. Madero in 1910. He was the first opposition party member in 71 years to defeat the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He won with 42 percent of the vote.

## Personal life
After being President of Mexico for six years, President Fox returned to his home state of Guanajuato. He lives there with his wife and family. Since leaving the presidency, Vicente Fox has been involved in public speaking and the construction of the Vicente Fox Center of Studies, Library and Museum.

## Criticisms of Donald Trump
Since the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Fox emerged as an outspoken critic of Republican President of the United States Donald Trump.

## United States presidential election, 2020
In September 2017, Fox said that he will run for President of the United States in the 2020 United States presidential election as an Independent. Fox however cannot be president because he was not born in the United States and said that his candidacy is only satirical.

## References
Union Association

, a member of the league- St. Louis Maroons]]
The **Union Association** was a  in Major League Baseball. Its only season of  was 1884. The St. Louis Maroons had the best record in the league, with 94 wins and 19 losses.

## References
Ten'an

was a  after *Saikō* and before *Jōgan.*  This period started in February 857 and ended in April 859.  During this time, the emperors were  and .

## Events of the ''Ten'an* era
 at *Kotai-jinju* in Ise]]
* **27 September 858** (*Ten'an 2, 27th day of the 8th month*): Emperor Montoku dies; and the succession (*senso'') was  by his eldest son. Emperor Seiwa accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (*sokui*).  This was  in ceremonies. The start of Seiwa's reign was  at the Ise Shrine (*Kotai-jingu*) at Ise and at all the tombs of the imperial family.

* **15 December 858** (''Ten'an 2, 7th day of the 11th month''): The emperor's grandfather is named regent (*sesshō*).

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Orientation

**Orientation** may refer to:
* Orientation (mental), a function of the mind
* Orientation (movie), a 1996 short movie produced by the Church of Scientology
* Orientation of churches is the custom of having the front of churches on their east side (Latin: oriens)
* Orientation (housing), the position of a building with respect to the sun, a concept in building design
* Student orientation, the first week of a university year in several countries
* Coin orientation and Medallic orientation, a description of the orientation of opposite faces of a coin with respect to one another
* Sexual orientation, the direction of an individual's sexuality relative to the sex of the persons the individual finds sexually attractive
* Map orientation, the relationship between directions on a map and compass directions
* *Orientation* (EP), a 2001 album by Sonata Arctica
* Page orientation, whether the long or short side of a rectangular page is the bottom for normal viewing

## Television 
* "Orientation" (*Lost*), a 2005 episode of American television series *Lost*
* Orientación, an episode of the American television series *Prison Break*
* "Orientation" (*Heroes*), a 2009 episode of American television series *Heroes*
## Mathematics 
* Orientation (computer vision), an image processing concept related to one-dimensional characterization of a local image
* Orientation (geometry), placement of an object in a rotational coordinate system with respect to a fixed point and a reference position
* Orientation (vector space), a concept in linear algebra
* Curve orientation, a property of a planar simple closed curve
* Orientability, a property of surfaces in Euclidean space measuring whether or not it is possible to make a consistent choice of surface normal vector at every point
* Orientation character, group homomorphism in surgery theory

## Related pages
* Orientability, a concept in topology
* Orientation tensor, a tool in geology/earth science
* Orienteering, a sport involving map orientation
* Orientation and mobility
Atlantic League (1896–1900)

The **Atlantic League** was a minor league baseball organization that  between 1896 and 1900. Its teams were from the Northeastern United States.
Kennelly-Heaviside layer

The **Kennelly–Heaviside layer**, also known as the **E-region**, is part of the ionosphere.  It is a region which is between 90&nbsp;km and 150&nbsp;km from the earth’s surface.  It is named after the American engineer  Arthur Edwin Kennelly and the British scientist Oliver Heaviside.  These two scientists both predicted that this area existed, although it was not until some years later that it was proved.

In the Kennelly-Heaviside layer neutral molecules are split into electrons and positively charged molecules.  Radio waves can be bounced off this region so that long-distance radio messages can be sent over long distances around the curved surface of the earth.  This was why Marconi had been able to send radio messages across the Atlantic in 1902, although it was not understood at the time.

## References
*The New Encyclopædia Britannica vol 4, 15th edition, 1986,
Pocahontas (movie)

***Pocahontas*** is a 1995 American animated musical romantic comedy-drama movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 33rd movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. It was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance. The movie made $141,579,773 in the United States and $346,079,773 worldwide. In 1998, a direct-to-video sequel was released called *Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World*.

## Plot 
In 1607, Pocahontas, a Native American, likes to be adventurous with her friend, Nacoma, and her animal friends. When she arrives back to her tribe, Pocahontas' father Chief Powhatan tells her that she will marry Kocoum, a brave warrior. Pocahontas does not like Kocoum because he is very "serious". She later leaves off to see her Grandmother Willow, a spiritual willow tree who gives advise and wisdom. Grandmother Willow warns Pocahontas that the British are coming. Governor Ratcliffe lands in the United States (New World) and names it James Town. He then tells the crew to dig for gold. Explorer John Smith goes out to explore the surroundings. He and Pocahontas meet and become interested in one another. Smith shares his knowledge of how his "people" live their lives. Pocahontas is offended when Smith calls her people "" because they do not have any modern buildings or a society ruled by a king. Pocahontas then shares her knowledge and shows Smith that family values, life and nature are the most important things then having a king and buildings ("Colors of The Wind").

After this, Pocahontas and Smith fall in love. Chief Powhatan warns Pocahontas to stay away from the British because of their weapons. After finding Pocahontas and Smith kissing, Kocoum fights Smith and tries to kill him. Thomas witnesses the fight and kills Kocoum with a gun. This results in a battle between the Native Americans and the British. Smith is kept captive by the Native Americans who want to kill Smith. Pocahontas successfully saves Smith from being killed. While witnessing the whole situation, Ratcliffe tries to shoot Chief Powhatan, though Smith takes the bullet to save him. In the end, Smith is forced to go back to London to get treatment without Pocahontas.

## Cast 
## Other websites 
*
Long Beach Airport

**Long Beach Airport**  is a city-owned public-use airport three nautical miles (6&nbsp;km) northeast of the central business district of the City of Long Beach, in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It serves Los Angeles and Orange Counties. It is also called **Daugherty Field.** It used to be called **Long Beach Municipal Airport**.

## References
## Other websites
* Long Beach Airport, official web site
* Historic California Posts: Long Beach Army Air Field
Phase

A **phase** is one part of a cycle or change that goes in a circle. For example, the moon has phases. 
 
The seasons of the year, spring, summer, fall, and winter, are also phases. The planet Venus has phases, like the moon: Galileo showed that the phases of Venus meant it must go around the Sun, not the earth.

Graphs can be made for things that have phases. Things that have phases change in some regular way from time to time. For example, a pendulum in a clock moves from some position (called its "displacement") to the left (labelled -x with algebra), to the bottom, and then to some position to the right (labelled +x with algebra). Two pendulums may have the same length, but unless they begin swinging at the same time and place they will not move together. One may be swinging left while the other swings right. When something like that happens the two  are **"not in phase."**
Jeong In-ji

Jeong In-ji
**Jeong In-ji** (, 1396 - 1478) was a Korean Joseon Dynasty politician, scholar, writer, historian. His nickname was Hakyeokjae ().

His son Jeong hyun-jo married Princess Uisuk, daughter of Joseon Dynasty 7th King Sejo of Joseon. Great granddaughter Grandlady Jeong, mother of 14th King Seonjo of Joseon.

## Works 
* Hunminjeongeum Haerye (훈민정음예해, 訓民正音解例)
* Hagyeokjaejip (학역재집)
* Yeokdaeyeokbeop (역대역법)
* Goryeosa (고려사)
* Goryeosajeoryo (고려사절요)
* Yukdaebyeongyo (역대병요)
* Hunminjeongeum (훈민정음)
* Saryunojip (사륜오집)
* Jachitonggamhunui (자치통감훈의, 資治通鑑訓義)
* Sejongsillok

## Other websites 
* http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=136736
* http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=11837
* http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=690286
Bone fracture

**Bone fractures** happen when a bone is damaged by stress. The bone can be fractured in many different ways. 

Most human bones are strong and do not break when hit by strong impacts or forces. However, if that force is too powerful, or there is something wrong with the bone, it can fracture. 

## Types of fractures 
There are many different types of bone fractures.  Fractures are often separated into categories.

### Open or closed 
In an *open* fracture (also called a *compound* fracture), the broken bone breaks through the skin.  This can cause infection, since the skin usually protects the body from germs.  If the skin is broken, germs can get into the body.  Open fractures can also damage muscles, tendons and ligaments if the sharp ends of the broken bone go through them.

In a *closed* fracture, the broken bone does not break through the skin.

### Complete or incomplete 
In a *complete* fracture, the bone is broken all the way through.  The broken bone is in two separate pieces.  This is also called a *fissure* fracture.
* *Greenstick* fracture: These fractures usually happen only in children, because their bones are more flexible than adults'.  In a greenstick fracture, only one side of the bone is broken.  The bone is usually "bent," and is broken only on the outside of the bend.
* One bone is broken in two different places, or more; or
* One person has fractures in many different bones, all caused by the same injury (like being hit by a car).

On average, it usually takes 6-8 weeks for a fracture to heal.

Scientists have come up with a few ways to "regenerate bone" (make the bone grow again).  Their many ideas for future strategies include doing gene therapy and using 3-D printers.
* 

## References
## Other websites 
* See illustrations with Simple English explanations of each of the types of fractures  (from Brigham & Women's Hospital)
* Simple English materials on broken bones for children and for teenagers (from KidsHealth.org)
* "Patient-Friendly Bone Basics"  about preventing osteoporosis and bone breaks (from the National Osteoporosis Foundation)

* "Classification Of Fracture - Simple And Composite Fracture" First Aid Steps For A Broken Bone(fracturesandbonehealing.blogspot.com) - Simple Bone Fracture Healing Time.
Light curve

based on images taken on 6 October 2006 at Mount John University Observatory. Shows just over one full rotation, which lasts 3.7474 hours.]]

In astronomy, a **light curve** is a graph that shows the brightness of light from a celestial object or region, over a certain amount of time.  

The light is usually in a particular frequency interval or band. Light curves can be periodic, that is they repeat in a regular pattern. Examples are eclipsing binaries and cepheid variables. Light curves can also be aperiodic, that is they are irregular with no pattern. Examples include the light curve of a nova, a cataclysmic variable star, a supernova or other event. The study of the light curve, together with other observations, gives information about the physical process that produces it or constrains the physical theories about it.

## Planetology
In the study of planets (planetology), a light curve can be used to work out the rotation period of a minor planet, moon, or comet nucleus. From the Earth many objects are so small that even the most powerful telescopes are unable to see objects clearly. Because of this astronomers measure the amount of light produced by the object over a period of time, its light curve. 

The time between the peaks on the graph gives the rotational period of the object. The difference between the maximum and minimum brightness, the amplitude of the light curve, can be caused by either the shape of the object, or bright and dark areas on the surface. For example, an odd shaped asteroid's light curve generally has more pronounced peaks, while a more spherical object's light curve will be flatter. When the light curve covers a long period of time, it is called a secular light curve.

## Botany
In botany, a light curve shows the photosynthetic response of a leaf or algae to the brightness of a light. 

In low light, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the amount of chlorophyll and the efficiency of the light-dependent reactions. In higher light levels it is limited by the efficiency of RuBisCO (an enzyme) and the amount of carbon dioxide. 

The point on the graph where these two differing lines meet is called the light saturation point. This is where the light-dependent reactions are making more ATP and NADPH than can be used by the light-independent reactions.  Since photosynthesis is also limited by ambient carbon dioxide levels, light curves are often repeated at several different constant carbon dioxide concentrations.

## References
## Other websites 
*The AAVSO online light curve generator  can plot light curves for thousands of variable stars
*Lightcurves: An Introduction by NASA's Imagine the Universe
Ithaca Tompkins Regional Airport

**Ithaca Tompkins Regional Airport**  is a county-owned public-use airport three miles (5&nbsp;km) northeast of the central business district of Ithaca, the county seat and largest city in Tompkins County, New York, United States. Taughannock Aviation which provides business jet charter and management is the fixed base operator for the airport.

## History 
The original Ithaca Municipal Airport was located west of downtown Ithaca, near the inlet of Cayuga Lake. Its single short runway, proximity to the Lehigh Valley freight yards on the south side, the Cayuga Lake marshes on the north side, and fog in the lake valley limited its growth. Cornell University opened the existing airport on East Hill in 1948 and transferred its ownership to the County in 1956. The former airport site is now Cass Park, including an airplane hangar which was renovated in 1975 to house the Hangar Theatre.

In 1994, the runway was extended from  in length to its present  and an entirely new, 33,000 square foot (3,000 m²) terminal building opened, replacing the cramped, aging original building. The airport name changed from **Tompkins County Airport** to its current name on March 20, 2001.  The northwest-facing runway 32 has an instrument landing system approach and an associated medium intensity approach light system with runway alignment lights.  Runway 14, facing southeast, has an instrument approach based on the VOR/DME located at the airport.  A short turf runway was built parallel to the paved runway, but during the 1980s another turf runway oriented north-south was available to the west of the terminal building and was
approximately  long and  wide.

Commercial traffic peaked in 1990 at 226,813 passengers.

## Airlines and destinations 
## Ground transportation 
### Bus
TCAT Route 32 travels to the Commons and Cornell University Monday through Friday, As of 2010, Route 72 serves the airport on weekends.

### Taxi
Ithaca Dispatch (Cayuga, University, Yellow Cab) operates a taxi stand at the airport, although it may be necessary to call in advance, especially during peak hours. Fares to and from the airport are standardized.

## References 
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
*Flight tracking info via Flight Stats http://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do?airport=%28ITH%29+Tompkins+County+Airport%2C+Ithaca%2C+NY%2C+US&x=15&y=5
Veszprém

**Veszprém** (ˈvɛspreːm; ) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. The city is not far from Lake Balaton. about 15 km  (9 mi). It is the administrative center of the county (comitatus or 'megye') of the same name.

## Location
Veszprém lies on both sides of the Séd creek, approximately  from Budapest (via the M7 highway and Road 8). It can also be reached from Győr via Road 82 and from Székesfehérvár via Road 8.

## Population
**1870**: 14279
**1880**: 14726
**1890**: 14807
**1900**: 16223
**1910**: 16864
**1920**: 17513
**1930**: 19991
**1941**: 24025
**1949**: 20682
**1960**: 28222
**1970**: 40415
**1980**: 57249
**1990**: 63867
**2001**: 62851
**2011**: 64339

Ethnic groups (2001 census)
* Hungarians - 94.7%
* Germans - 1.7%
* Others - 1%
* No answer - 2.6%

Religions (2001 census)
* Roman Catholic - 57%
* Calvinist - 9.7%
* Lutheran - 3%
* Others - 1.3%
* Atheist - 19%
* No answer - 10%

## Notable citizens
*Marian Cozma
*Tamás Kádár

## Twin towns — Sister cities
Veszprém is twinned with:

*  Bottrop, Germany
*  Gladsaxe, Denmark
*  Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
*  Passau, Germany
*  Rovaniemi, Finland
*  Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania
*  Tartu, Estonia
*  Tirat Carmel, Israel
*  Žamberk, Czech Republic
*  Kursk, Russia 

## Gallery

File:Veszprem ostroma 1593.jpg|Siege of Veszprém by the Turks, 1593
Image:Saint Stephen of Hungary Church and Holy Trinity column by night 2005 Veszprem 2 by andy205.jpg|Saint Stephan church
Image:Veszprem Ovaroster2.jpg|Old town
Image:Veszprem Sorhazlepcso.jpg|Downtown
Image:Veszprem nagyprepostipalota.jpg|Nagypréposti Palace
Image:Gyulafiratot kolostor.jpg|Monastery ruin
Image:Veszprem Szentharomsagoszlop.jpg|The castle of Veszprém
Image:Veszprem Gizellakapolna.jpg|Gizella Capel (11th century)
Image:Veszprem Tuztorony2.jpg|Fire-watch tower
Image:Veszprem Szentharomsagter dny.jpg|Holy Trinity Square
Image:Veszprem Megyehaza.jpg|County Hall
Image:Veszprem Bakonyihaz.jpg|Ethnographic Museum
Image:Veszprem-County-Library-Hungary.jpg|Library of Veszprém
Image:Bone of Giselle of Bavaria.jpg|Bone of queen Giselle. Kept in a church in Veszprem (Hungary)
Image:Veszprem Istvanesgizella.jpg|Statue of King Stephen I. and Queen Gisela
Image:Veszprem foispanilak.jpg|The former Lord Lieutenant’s Residence
Image:Veszprém - Angolkisassz.jpg|Óvári Ferenc Street (Church and school of the 'English ladies')

## Other websites 
* Official site
** English pages  on official site
* Pannon University (formerly University of Veszprém)
* Aerial photography: Veszprém

## References
Colo-Colo

**Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo** is a Chilean football club. They play in the Primera División. They are the top-flight football league in Chile. Their home ground is the Estadio Monumental David Arellano in the commune of Macul, Santiago. They are the most successful football club in their country.

## Honours
### Domestic
*** Liga Central de Football / Asociación de Fútbol de Santiago: 4**
**1925, 1928, 1929, 1930

***Primera División: 30**
**1937, 1939, 1941, 1944, 1947, 1953, 1956, 1960, 1963, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997 Clausura, 1998, 2002 Clausura, 2006 Apertura, 2006 Clausura, 2007 Apertura, 2007 Clausura, 2008 Clausura, 2009 Clausura, 2014 Clausura

### Cups
***Copa Chile: 10**
**1958, 1974, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1994, 1996

### Continental
***Copa Libertadores**
****Winners (1):** 1991
***Runner-up (1):* 1973

***Copa Sudamericana**
***Runner-up (1):* 2006

***Copa Interamericana**
****Winners (1):** 1991

***Recopa Sudamericana**
****Winners (1):** 1992

### International
***Intercontinental Cup**
***Runner-up (1):* 1991

## Other websites 
*Official website
*Supporters' Site
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

**Club Deportivo Universidad Católica**  is a football club in Santiago de Chile now playing in the Primera División.

It is one of the most successful and popular football clubs in Chile as one of the three "big teams". The most traditional rival is the Universidad de Chile, frequently called the *Clásico Universitario*.

## Cups

File:Trofeo del Torneo Internacional de Pascua 1950.png|Trophy Internacional de Pascua
File:Copa Torneo Nacional de Ascenso 1956.JPG|Segunda División 1956
File:Copa República.JPG|República Cup 1983 (1983-R)
File:Trofeo Ciudad de Palma.JPG| Trophy Ciudad de Palma
File:Trofeo del Campeonato Nacional 1987 de Chile.JPG|Primera División 1987
File:Trofeo Apertura 1997 Chile.JPG|Primera División 1997-A
File:Réplica del Huemul de Plata correspondiente al campeón 2010.JPG|Trophy Huemul de Plata
File:Replica copa chile.JPG|Copa Chile 2011
File:Copa UC Sub 17.JPG|UC Cup U-17
File:Manchester Premier Cup.JPG|Manchester United Premier Cup U-15

## Other websites 
* Official site 
* CDUCatolica.com
* Los Cruzados 
* Ceatolei
William Golding

]]

**Sir William Golding** (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was an English writer. He was a novelist, poet, playwright, and teacher. He is famous for his novel *Lord of the Flies*. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1983. In 2008, *The Times* ranked Golding third on its list of "The 50 Greatest British writers since 1945".

## Life 
### Early life 
Golding was born in Newquay, Cornwall, England on 19 September 1911. He grew up in Marlborough, Wiltshire. His father, Alec Golding, was a schoolmaster at Marlborough Grammar School. Golding and his older brother, Joseph, went to their father's school. In 1930, Golding went to Brasenose College at the University of Oxford. He studied Natural science and then English literature there. Golding graduated with an MA in 1935.

### Early career 
Golding then worked as an actor, producer and a writer. Then he became a teacher at Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury. Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940. When World War II ended, Golding continued teaching and writing. He left Bishop Wordsworth's School in 1961 and began writing full-time.

### Writing career 
Golding's first published novel was *Lord of the Flies*. Golding used his experience of the Second World War and his teaching knowledge of children to write the book. *Lord of the Flies* is a story about a group of school boys who are trapped on a desert island. The children quickly become savages and begin to murder each other. The novel gained widespread interest because of its political message.

Golding went on to write many more books, including *The Inheritors*, *Rites of Passage* and many others. He had a rather pessimistic view of humanity. His novels are often set in closed communities, such as islands, villages, monasteries, groups of hunter-gatherers, ships at sea or a pharaoh's court.

### Later life 
Golding was knighted for his work in 1988. He died five years later, on 19 June 1993, of heart failure in Cornwall.

### Novels
**Lord of the Flies* (1954)
**The Inheritors* (1955)
**Pincher Martin* (1956)
**Free Fall* (1959)
**The Spire* (1964)
**The Pyramid* (1967)
**The Scorpion God*   (1971)
**Darkness Visible* (1979)
**The Paper Men* (1984)
**To the Ends of the Earth* (trilogy)
***Rites of Passage* (1980)
***Close Quarters* (1987)
***Fire Down Below* (1989)
**The Double Tongue* (posthumous) (1995)

## Notes
Homesickness

**Homesickness** is a feeling of unhappiness a person may have when away from home or from familiar surroundings or people. It has a similar meaning to the word *nostalgia*.

Homesickness is not about how much you miss your home. It is about how much dependent you are on other people or your parents, how much pampered you are or how much difficult it is for you to be in a different place. People sometimes become homesick when they travel. They miss their own home and desperately want to go back. Children may often feel homesick, especially when they are away from their parents for the first time. Usually these feelings will go away as one gets used to the new environment, but sometimes homesickness can make a person depressed.

People may easily feel homesick if they travel to an environment in which the culture is very difficult to what they are used to, and especially if a foreign language is being spoken. Children who are sent away to boarding school will very often feel homesick.

A good way to help children overcome (or avoid) homesickness is to start with being away from home just for short periods, staying with people they know well, e.g. grandparents or good friends.

## References
Mia Kihl

**Maria Kihl** or **Mia Kihl** (born April 23, 1979 in Stockholm), is a Swedish voice actress.

## Filmography 
**Fairly Odd Parents* - Vicky (Starting from Season 2).
**Goof Troop* - Max.
**Quack Pack* - Louie.
**TaleSpin* - Molly Cunningham (1st Voice), Additional Voices.
**Total Drama Island* - Sadie.
**Yu-Gi-Oh!* - Anzu Mazaki
**Winx Club* - Flora

## Other websites 
* Mia Kihl at Svensk Filmdatabases
Hōki

was a  after *Jingo-keiun* and before ''Ten'ō.*  This period started in October 770 and ended in January 781.   During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the *Hōki* era
* **23 October 770** (*Hōki 1, 1st day of the 10th month''): The era name was changed to mark the beginning of Emperor Konin's reign.

* **778** (*Hōki 9*): The emperor granted *Kashima-jinja* a divine seal for use on documents.

* **28 August 779** (*Hōki 10, 7th month*): Fujiwara no Momokawa died at age 48.

* **781** (*Hōki 12, 4th month *): The emperor abdicated in favor of his son, who would later come to be known as Emperor Kammu. Emperor Kōnin's reign had lasted for 11 years.

## Related pages 
* Nara period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Hoki

**Hoki** may mean:

* Hōki Province, was an old province of Japan, today part of the Tottori Prefecture
* Hōki, Tottori, a town in Japan
* Hōki, a Japanese era name (770-781)
* Hoki (fish), another name for blue grenadier, a merluccid hake of the genus *Macruronus*.
Near-Earth object

(centre dot being followed by the sequence). The other object that flashes by is an artificial satellite]]
 is a potential hazard  that passed within 2.3 lunar distances]]

A **near-Earth object** (**NEO**) is a Solar System object whose orbit brings it close to the Earth. 

Their least distance from the Sun, their perihelion, is less than 1.3 AU. NEOs include near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and near-Earth comets.   

In some cases NEOs hit the Earth. Most of these meteors explode harmlessly in the upper atmosphere. But some NEOs are dangerous. We try to find out when one is going to hit Earth using impact prediction. On 30 June 1908, a meteorite of around 45 metres in diameter exploded over the basin of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River. It released an energy of 10–15 megatons of TNT  

Because the location was , no deaths were recorded. The Association of Space Explorers estimates that a Tunguksa-like event happens two or three times every thousand years on average.

Such an explosion, similar to one of the biggest nuclear weapons, could have razed London about as far out as the M25 ring road.
## Related pages 
*Near-Earth asteroid
*Asteroid impact prediction
*Late Heavy Bombardment

## References
Cyclopia

**Cyclopia** (also called **cyclocephaly** or **synophthalmia**) is a birth defect. Cyclopia is  by a failure of the prosencephalon to separate the two orbits (eyes). This leads to the formation of a central  eye and an  of a nasal cavity. It causes can be either genetic, or as a result of an exposure to poisons. The term "cyclopia" comes from Cyclops, a giant one-eyed creature the Greek Greek mythology.

Babies with Cyclopia rarely live longer than one day.

## References
George Crabbe

**George Crabbe** (born Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 24 December 1754; died Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 3 February 1832) was an English poet and naturalist. His poem *The Borough* which describes life in a small town in Suffolk, inspired Benjamin Britten to compose his opera *Peter Grimes*.

## Life
George Crabbe was born in Aldeburgh, Suffolk. His father was a tax collector. As a child he loved poetry. In 1768, he was apprenticed to a local doctor, but he did not learn much from him. In 1771, he changed masters and moved to Woodbridge. There he met Sarah Elmy, who was to become his wife. She had the patience to wait until he had finished his medical studies before marrying him. She encouraged him in his verse writing. In 1775, he published his first work: *Inebriety*. In 1780, he decided to give up being a doctor. He borrowed some money and went to London, where he tried to become known as a poet. It took several years, during which time he became a clergyman. He became chaplain to the Duke of Rutland at Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire.

Crabbe became well-known when he wrote a poem called *The Village* (1783). It was a long poem which described life in the country as he had known it. In 1783, he married Sarah. In 1814, he became Rector of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, where he stayed. Now that he had a family he did not feel any more need to write poetry and so he wrote nothing for 22 years. He then wrote more poems about the village community, including *The Borough* (1810). By the time of his death, he was well known and a friend of William Wordsworth, Sir Walter Scott and other important literary figures of the time.

Crabbe also knew a lot about insects and made a detailed study of beetles.

## Use in 20th century opera
Like George Crabbe, the composer Benjamin Britten (1913-1976) also came from Aldeburgh. When he was in America during World War II he read Crabbe's poem *The Borough*. It made him homesick and he decided to return to England. He wrote an opera *Peter Grimes* which was based on Crabbe's poem. It is one of the greatest operas of the 20th century.

## References
Jingo-keiun

was a  after *Tenpyō-jingo* and before *Hōki.*  This period started in August 767 and ended in October 770.   The reigning monarch was .  This was the same woman who had reigned as the former .

## Events of the *Jingo-keiun* era
* **28 August 770** (*Jingo-keiun 4, 4th day of the 8th month*): In the 5th year of Shōtoku's reign, the empress died; and she named Prince Shirakabe as her heir. The succession (*senso*) was  and soon after, Emperor Kōnin is said to have accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (*sokui*). This was  in ceremonies.  

The *Jingō-kaihō*' was a copper coin issued from 765 to 796.  It had a diameter of about 23&nbsp;mm and a weight of between 3.4 and 4.5&nbsp;grams.

## Related pages 
* Nara period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Hōki Province

) with Hoki Province highlighted]]

 was an old province of Japan in the area of Tottori Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Inaba, Mimasaka, Bitchū, Bingo, and Izumo Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Kurayoshi. A major castle town was at Yonago.

## History
, 1853]]
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Izu Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Shitori jinja* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Hōki.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Verse-chorus form

**Verse-chorus form** is a musical form that is common in popular music. Verse-chorus forms have been the basis for rock music since the 1960s.

## Songs in verse-chorus form 
*"Be My Baby" by The Ronettes (1963)
*"Penny Lane" by The Beatles (1967)
*"Smoke on the Water" by Deep Purple (1973)
*"That'll Be the Day" by Buddy Holly (1957)
*"California Girls" by The Beach Boys (1965)
*"All You Need Is Love" by The Beatles (1967)
*"Foxy Lady" by Jimi Hendrix (1967)
*"Can't Get Enough" by Bad Company (1974)

## References
Club Universidad de Chile

**Club Universidad de Chile** is a football club in Santiago de Chile playing in the Chilean Primera División.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
*Universidad de Chile in FIFA.com 
*Supporters' Site
Les nuits d'été

'''''Les nuits d'été'''* (*Summer Nights*), Op. 7, is a song cycle by the French composer Hector Berlioz.  It is a setting of six poems by Théophile Gautier.  Berlioz finished composing the songs in 1841.   At first they were just for a singer with piano accompaniment.  The singer could be either baritone, contralto, or mezzo-soprano.  Later Berlioz changed the work, making the voice a soprano and arranging the accompaniment for orchestra.  The first song to be orchestrated was *L'Absence*.  He wrote this version for a singer called Marie Recio who went with him on a concert tour of Germany.   All six songs were published in their orchestral version in 1856.  That is how the work is nearly always performed nowadays.  The titles of the songs are:

# *Villanelle* (*Villanelle*)
# *Le spectre de la rose* (*The spectre of the rose*)
# *Sur les lagunes* (*On the lagoons*)
# *Absence* (*Absence*)
# *Au cimetière* (*In the cemetery*)
# *L'île inconnue* (*The unknown island'')

## References
*New Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians ed. Stanley Sadie (1980);
Echizen Province

) with Echizen Province highlighted]]

 was an old province of Japan in the area of Fukui Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  Along with Etchū and Echigo Provinces, it was sometimes called .

The ancient capital city of the province was at Echizen. 

## History
The boundaries of Echizen were formally established during the reigns of Empress Genshō and Empress Kōken.

Before the boundaries were established, this area including Etchū and Echigo were called Koshi.

In the Edo period, the daimyo of Fukui Domain lived at Fukui.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Echizen Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Facilities
*Echizen Provincial office* was established in Nyū (丹生郡, Nyū-gun).

*Kehi jingū* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Echizen.

*Ōmushi jinja* was estublished in Suishin emperor 7. It is written in “Engishiki Jinmyoutyou” and the old status of a Shinto shrine is prefectural shrine. 

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Iggy Azalea

**Amethyst Amelia Kelly** (born 7 June 1990), known professionally as **Iggy Azalea**, is an Australian retired rapper. Born in Sydney and raised in Mullumbimby, New South Wales. She moved to the United States at age 16. In September 2011, she released her first mixtape *Ignorant Art*. It made two promotional singles, "My World" and "Pu$$y".

Amethyst Amelia Kelly was born to European-Australian parents in Sydney, Australia. Azalea has stated that she has some Aboriginal-Australian heritage: "My family came to Australia on the First Fleet. My family's been in that country for a long time, over 100 years. If your family's lived in Australia for a long time, everyone has a little bit of [Aborigine blood]. I know my family does because we have an eye condition that only Aboriginal people have".

Azalea's first album, *The New Classic*, was going to be released in September 2013. It was later released in 2014. The single "Fancy" from the album, featuring British singer-songwriter Charli XCX, reached number one in the United States and Canada, while becoming the fourth-best performing song of 2014 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100. The next single, "Black Widow", features British singer Rita Ora and reached the top three of the *Billboard* Hot 100.  The album was rereleased with the title *Reclassified* in late 2014 and featured the singles "Beg for It" featuring Danish singer MØ and "Trouble" featuring American R&B singer Jennifer Hudson.

## Music videos 
## Discography 
* *The New Classic* (2014)
* *In My Defense* (2019)
* *The End of an Era* (2021)

## Tours 
### Headlining 
* The New Classic Tour (2014)

**Cancelled tours**
* Great Escape Tour (2015)
* Bad Girls Tour (2018)

### Opening act 
* *XXL* Freshmen Live Tour (2012)
* Tyga – MTV Jams Presents: Closer to My Dreams Tour (2012)
* Rita Ora – Ora Tour (2012)
* Rita Ora – Radioactive Tour (2013)
* Nas – Life Is Good Tour (2013)
* Beyoncé – The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour (2013)
* Pitbull - I Feel Good Tour (2021)
*Pitbull - Can't Stop Us Now Summer Tour (2022)

## Awards and nominations 
## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Nexus S

The **Nexus S** is the second smartphone in the Google Nexus series. It was made by Google and Samsung, with the manufacturing of the device done by Samsung Electronics. It is the first smartphone to use the Android 2.3 operating system, and the first Android device to use Near Field Communication (NFC).

## Software 
The Nexus S uses an unmodified version of Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) as its default operating system, with it also being the first device to be released with the updated version. On December 16, 2011, Google said that the Nexus S would be able to update to Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich), and later on December 19, 2011, Nexus S owners were able to update to the new Ice Cream Sandwich release.

On June 27, 2012, during a Google I/O conference, the Nexus S was revealed to be one of the first devices that would receive the ability to upgrade to Android 4.1 (Jellybean), along with the Motorola Xoom and Galaxy Nexus.

In October 2012, the Jellybean 4.1.2 update was made available, with it being the last official version released for the Nexus S.

On November 14, 2012, it was said that the Nexus S would not officially get the Android 4.2 (Jellybean) update. Unofficial ports of Jellybean 4.2, along with ports of later Android versions, such as 4.3, 4.4, 5.0 and 6.0, were made available by independent developers however. 
## References 
## Other websites 
*Official Nexus S page