open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Eduardo Paolozzi

**Sir Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi**, KBE, RA (Edinburgh, 7 March 1924 – London, 22 April 2005), was a Scottish sculptor and artist. He was the eldest son of Italian immigrants.

## Education 
Paolozzi studied at the Edinburgh College of Art in 1943, then moved to London. He was briefly at the St Martin's School of Art in 1944, and then at the Slade School of Fine Art at University College London from 1944 to 1947. He lived in Paris from 1947 to 1949. There he met Alberto Giacometti, Jean Arp, Constantin Brâncuşi, Georges Braque and Fernand Léger. They were a big influence on his later work.

## Pop art 
Paolozzi was the founder of the pop art movement. Paolozzi's ''I was a Rich Man's Plaything* (1947) is considered the first standard bearer of Pop Art and first to display the word "pop". Paolozzi showed the collage in 1952 as part of his groundbreaking *Bunk!'' series at the Independent Group meeting in London.

## Assessment 
He was a major figure in the international art sphere. Paolozzi investigated how we fitted into the modern world. He revealed our fragmented civilization through imagination and fantasy.

He was made Her Majesty's Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland in 1986, which he held until his death.

## Writings
* *Eduardo Paolozzi* by Eduardo Paolozzi, Tate, London 1971 ASIN B00103A8RG
* *Recurring themes* by Eduardo Paolozzi Rizzoli (1984) 
* *Metafisikal Translations* by Eduardo Paolozzi, Lelpra, London 1962 ASIN B002MNOJQY

## Gallery

Eduardo Paolozzi Cambridge.jpg|Paolozzi's *Daedalus on Wheels*, Jesus College, Cambridge
Eduardo Paolozzi Kew Gardens London.jpg|Paolozzi's *Ad Maxima Ad Minima*, Kew Gardens
Newton by Eduardo Paolozzi 2003-03-10.jpg|Paolozzi's *Newton* (1995), after a painting by William Blake. At the British Library
Vulcan by Eduardo Paolozzi (1999) in the Scottish National Gallery Of Modern Art.jpg|Paolozzi's *Vulcan* (1999), Scottish Museum of Modern Art, Edinburgh
Tottenham Court Road stn Central line mosaic.JPG|Paolozzi's mosaic for the Tottenham Court Road London Underground station

## References
Saint John, Barbados

**Saint John** ("St. John") is a parish of Barbados.  It is on the eastern side of the island. It is home to one of the  secondary schools on the island, The Lodge School. In its southeastern corner, the shoreline turns northward instead of southward, forming the small Conset Bay.

## Landmarks
**Ashford Bird Park** is a bird and animal sanctuary.

## References
## Other websites
Kantoku

was a  after *Chōkyū* and before *Eishō.*  This period started in November 1044 and ended in April 1046.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the *Kantoku* era
* **1045** (*Kantoku 2, 16th day of the 1st month*):  Emperor Go-Suzaku abdicated; and his eldest son received the succession (*senso*) on the same day.  Soon after, Emperor Go-Reizei 's role as monarch is  by ceremonies (*sokui*). 
* **1045** (*Kantoku 2, 18th day in the 1st month*): Go-Suzaku died at the age of 37.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Saint Michael, Barbados

**St. Michael** is one of eleven parishes of Barbados. It is in the south-west part of the island.  
 
The parish is home to Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados. There is also the international seaport of Barbados—the Deep Water Harbour. Rihanna, a singer was born in St. Michael.

## References
## Other websites
Hervé Renaudeau

**Hervé Renaudeau**, born at Laval, is a French aerospace engineer. From September 2009 to August 2016, he is the director-general of the *Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées* (French private aerospace university).

Graduate from the École Centrale de Lyon (1979), he starts his career as hardware design engineer on the Mirage 2000. He has done a career in aerospace industry before joining higher education in 2002 as head of *École supérieure des techniques aéronautiques et de construction automobile* at Levallois-Perret. In September 2009, he became head of the *Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées*. Francis Pollet replaces him in March 2017.

## References
## Further reading
*
Saint Peter, Barbados

**Saint Peter** ("St. Peter") is one of eleven parishes in the Caribbean island country of Barbados.  It is named after the Christian Apostle and Patron saint, Saint Peter.  It is in the north of Barbados.

Saint Peter is a tourist hot spot.  The parish is surrounded with white sand beaches, including those along Mullins Bay. The Barbados Wildlife Reserve is mostly a monkey sanctuary for the Barbados Green Monkey.  St Nicholas Abbey is one of the more famous landmarks on Barbados.

## References
## Other websites
Saint Lucy, Barbados

**Saint Lucy** ("St. Lucy") is the northern-most area in the country of Barbados.  Saint Lucy is the only parish of Barbados to be named after a female patron saint, Saint Lucy of Syracuse.  Saint Lucy was the location of a United States Navy base at Harrison's Point.  Saint Lucy is also a peninsula, surrounded on three sides by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, east and west.

Saint Lucy is the birthplace of Barbados's first Prime Minister, Errol Barrow. It is also the birthplace of two cricketers; Charlie Griffith and Manny Martindale.

## References
Saint Joseph, Barbados

**Saint Joseph** is a parish of Barbados on the eastern side of the island.  The parish is home to two of the more notable botanic gardens in the country - Flower Forest and Andromeda Gardens.  Parts of St. Joseph are called the Scotland District because of the appearance of the landscape.

## References
## Other websites
Medal of Aeronautics

**Medal of Aeronautics** ()  is a civil honor of the government of France.  It is awarded to those who have made outstanding contributions to the aviation industry.

## History
The Medal was established in February, 1945.
* Daniel Calleja
* James Stephen Fossett
* Norman Lo 
* David McMillan
* Francis Pollet
* Michel Tognini
* Wu Tongshui

## References
## Other websites
* Orders & Medals Society of America, Medal of Aeronautics/''Médaille de l'Aéronautique*
* Medal-medaille.com, Aeronautical Medal (*Médaille de l’Aéronautique'')
Civil Aviation University of China

]]
**Civil Aviation University of China** (Simplified Chinese 中国民航大学, Traditional Chinese 中國民航大學, Pinyin *Zhōngguó Mínháng Dàxué*), also known as **CAUC**, is a national university in Tianjin, China. It offers education and training in civil aviation for new pilots in China.

## History
CAUC was founded in 1951.

## Related pages
* Wu Tongshui
* French Civil Aviation University

## References
## Other websites
*http://www.cauc.edu.cn/
Rain Man

***Rain Man*** is a 1988 American drama movie. It was directed by Barry Levinson and produced by Mark Johnson. It was written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass. It stars Tom Cruise as Charlie Babbitt and Dustin Hoffman as his older brother Raymond Babbitt.

Charlie is a narcissist who is a dealer of new cars in Los Angeles, California. He hears of his father's death and is told that the vast majority of the estate has been left to Raymond, whom he cannot remember. Raymond is an autistic savant, who has an eidetic memory but is incapable of looking after himself. He has lived in an institution in Cincinnati, Ohio for about twenty years. Charlie drives Raymond to Las Vegas, Nevada where Raymond uses his skill at counting cards to win money in card games. They then go on to Los Angeles. During the journey, Charlie changes his feelings towards Raymond from being resentful to being caring and protective. Raymond lacks understanding of the world and requires 24 hour care, which Charlie cannot provide, so Raymond returns to his institution.

Rain Man won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. The movie was inspired by the life of savant Kim Peek (1951–2009).

## Other websites 
*
Ahmed Abu Laban

**Ahmad Abu Laban** (born 1946 - 1 February 2007) was the leader of an organisation called Islamic Society of Denmark. In 2006, he complained about a series of cartoons that were printed in a Danish newspaper. He said the cartoons, which made fun of the prophet Muhammad, were offensive to Muslims. People in Syria, Lebanon.Afghanistan and Iran protested outside Danish embassies. There were riots in Afghanistan, in which 11 people were killed.

Ahmad was born in Palestine. He moved to Denmark with his family, and became a leading religious leader in the Danish Islamic community. He died in Copenhagen in 2007 from lung cancer.

## References
Günter Blobel

**Günter Blobel** (May 21, 1936 &ndash; February 18, 2018) was a German-born American biochemist. His native city, Waltersdorf, now belongs to Poland.

He was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea in 1992.

He has received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1999 for his studies concerning protein targeting.

Blobel died in New York City on February 18, 2018 of prostate cancer at the age of 81.

## References
Asclepius

**Asclepius** (also spelled **Aesculapius**) was a demigod in Greek mythology. He was the son of Apollo. He was made god of medicine and healing.

Ascelpius was the god of medicines and healing and was often associated with Imhotep, the architect of the step pyramid of King Djoser.

## References
* Farnell, Lewis Richard. *Greek Hero Cults and Ideas of Immortality*, (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1921).
* Grimal, Pierre, *The Dictionary of Classical Mythology*, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, . pp.&nbsp;62&ndash;63
* Hart, Gerald D. MD. *Asclepius: The God of Medicine* (Royal Society of Medicine Press, 2000)
All the Vermeers in New York

***All the Vermeers in New York*** is an American movie released in 1990. It was directed by Jon Jost.

## Plot
Mark is a broker on Wall Street who notices a woman that resembles a painting by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. The woman is named Anna and she is an actress from France. The two start a romantic relationship when they meet each other for the first time. Mark suffers from a cerebral hemorrhage while calling Anna and then  Anna disappears into a Vermeer painting at the end.

## Reception
The film won the Caligari Film Award at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1991. Roger Ebert liked the film, but he thought that it ended too soon.

## References
Liberty Kid

***Liberty Kid*** is a 2007 low budget American movie. It is directed by Ilya Chaiken. The movie has to do with two friends that lose their jobs at the Statue of Liberty after 9/11.

The movie won Best Film at the New York Latino Film Festival. The movie won Critics' Pick from both *The New York Times* and *New York Magazine*.  The movie played at New York Latino Film Festival, and the Atlanta Film Festival. The DVD has an audio commentary by three actors, deleted scenes, behind the scenes, photo gallery, and conversations with Iraq War veterans as special features. The DVD is in 5.1 stereo sound.

## References
Marc Houalla

**Marc Houalla** (born 10 February 1961 at Rueil-Malmaison) is a French aerospace engineer.
From the 28th of November 2008 to October 2017, he is the head of the French Civil Aviation University.

Graduate from the ENAC (IÉNAC L82) and having a MBA from HEC Paris (1990), he has done different jobs in air transport such as director of SEFA before being joining the French Civil Aviation University.

From November 2017 to February 2018, Marc Houalla is head of the Orly Airport and honorary President of ENAC Alumni. Since February 2018, he is head of the Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. Since March 2018, he is also head of ENAC Alumni.

## Award 
* Chevalier of the *Ordre National du Mérite*

## References
## Further reading
* Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, *Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique*, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()
Saint Philip, Barbados

**Saint Philip** is a parish of Barbados at the southeastern end of the island.

St. Philip has the largest land area of the 11 parishes of Barbados.  It has a mostly flat 'close to sea-level' land. It does not have a true city, rather villages and areas.

This parish is home to the only 'dependency' of Barbados called Culpepper Island. This tiny rock in the ocean is used as a feeding ground for sheep.  It cannot be reached unless by boat or by foot at low tide.

## References
## Other websites
Michel Tognini

**Michel Ange-Charles  Tognini** (born September 30, 1949, in Vincennes, France) is a French test pilot, astronaut, educator, writer and administrator.  Tognini is Head of the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Cologne, Germany.

Tognini graduated from the ''École de l'Air''.

## Awards and honors
* Medal of Aeronautics
* Chevalier de Ordre National du Mérite
* Commander dans l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur
* Soviet Order of Friendship between the People
* Russian Order of Friendship between the People

## References
## Other websites
*NASA biography of Tognini
*Spacefacts biography of Tognini
Saint Thomas, Barbados

**Saint Thomas** ("St. Thomas") is in the centre of Barbados. It is one of only two landlocked parishes in the island. The other is Saint George to the south.

## References
Frank Worrell

**Sir Frank Mortimer Maglinne Worrell** (1 August 1924, Bank Hall, St Michael,  Barbados – 13 March 1967, Kingston, Jamaica) was a West Indies cricketer and Jamaican senator. He is sometimes called by his nickname of **Tae**. He was a stylish right-handed batsman and useful left-arm seam bowler. He became famous in the 1950s as the first black captain of the West Indies cricket team.  He is the only batsman to be in two 500-run partnerships in first-class cricket.

Since the 1960&ndash;61 series, the Frank Worrell Trophy is awarded to the winner of the Test series between Australia and West Indies. One of the two Halls of Residence at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus in Barbados is named after him.

Caribbean journalist Ernest Eytle wrote a biography of Worrell titled *Frank Worrell: The Career of a Great Cricketer* in 1963.

In June 1988 Worrell was celebrated on the $2 Barbadian stamp along with the Barbados Cricket Buckle.

## References
Ryan Brathwaite

**Ryan Brathwaite**  (born June 6, 1988) is a track and field athlete from Barbados.  He won the gold medal in the 110 metres hurdles at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.

## Achievements
## References
DGM Barbados Open

The **DGM Barbados Open** is a senior (over 50s) men's professional golf tournament.  It is played on the Caribbean island state of Barbados. It is the opening event on the European Seniors Tour.  It is the only event on the tour that takes place in the Americas. The PGA European Tour organisation is based in the United Kingdom. Barbados is a former British colony.  The tournament was first played in 2000. It is hosted by the Royal Westmoreland Golf Club. 

## Winners
**DGM Barbados Open**
*2009 Sam Torrance - 
*2008 Bill Longmuir - 
*2007 Gordon J. Brand - 
*2006 José Rivero - 
*2005 Denis O'Sullivan - 
*2004 Gavan Levenson - 

**Royal Westmoreland Barbados Open**
*2003 Terry Gale - 
*2002 Peter Townsend - 
*2001 Priscillo Diniz - 
*2000 Tommy Horton -
Obadele Thompson

**Obadele Thompson** (born March 30, 1976) is a sprint athlete from Barbados. In 2000, he became the first Olympic medalist from Barbados.  He won a bronze medal in the 100m race.

His fastest legal time in the 100&nbsp;m is 9.87. He ran his personal best in the 200&nbsp;m at 19.97 in 2000.

## Biography
Born in Saint Michael, Thompson attended Harrison College.  He then went to the University of Texas at El Paso, United States.

On February 21, 2007 Thompson announced his engagement to Marion Jones, then pregnant. The marriage took place on February 24, 2007 in North Carolina.  Their first child together, son Amir, was born in July 2007. A daughter, Eva-Marie, was born in June 2009.

## Personal bests
## Achievements
## References
European Seniors Tour

The **European Seniors Tour** is a professional tour for male golfers aged 50 and over.  It is run by the PGA European Tour. The Tour started in 1992. The highest profile seniors event in Europe is the Senior British Open Championship.

The 2010 season added new events in Mauritius, Thailand, South Africa, England, the Netherlands, and France.

## Order of Merit winners
Southwest National Park

The **Southwest National Park** is a  national park in the south-west of Tasmania, Australia.

The eastern side of the park is  west of Hobart and the park stretches to the west and south coasts. This park covers most of the wilderness areas in Tasmania's south west. The park is well known for its untouched wilderness and remoteness.  Weather in the park is can change quickly, and can be severe. The area has not been changed by humans. Evidence shows that Tasmanian Aborigines have visited the area for at least 25,000 years. European settlers have made a few trips into the park, but there has been very few long lasting settlements and little change to the natural environment. Within the area there is only one road, to the hydroelectricity township of Strathgordon. The southern and western parts the park can only be reached by foot, boat, or light aircraft.

The tiny town of Melaleuca in the extreme south-west has a runway for airplanes to land, and basic facilities for the National Parks Service.

## History
Most of the park was created in 1955 and was first called Lake Pedder National Park. Over the following 35 years the park was made bigger and was renamed, reaching its present size in 1990. The original small Lake Pedder was flooded with the building of a dam on the Gordon River for hydroelectricity. The man made lake is also called Lake Pedder
 from Mount Eliza, Southwest National Park, Australia]]

 Airstrip]]

## Wildlife
The Melaleuca area is the summer breeding grounds of the highly endangered orange-bellied parrot .

## Access
There are two ways to reach the park by land: the Gordon River Road to the hydroelectricity township of Strathgordon and the Huon Highway to Cockle Creek. The southern and western areas of the park can only be reached by foot, boat, or light aircraft.
There are two main walking tracks cross the park. The Port Davey Track and the South Coast Track. The walks are generally for more experienced walkers, and take about ten to fourteen days to complete. A flight to or from Melaleuca may be arranged to split the walk, or for tourist access for day trips. Several more difficult walks also exist, including the Eastern and Western Arthur Ranges, Precipitous Bluff, the South West Cape, and Federation Peak. These are not suitable for inexperienced walkers, or for people traveling alone. Sea access to the park is from Port Davey and Bathurst Harbour.

, Tasmania, Australia]]

## Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the **Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area** are:
* Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park
* Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park
* Hartz Mountains National Park
* Mount Field National Park
* South East Mutton Bird Islet
* Walls of Jerusalem National Park

## Footnotes
## Other websites
*Parks and Wildlife Service, Tasmania - Southwest National Park  
*Walking the South-West
West Indies men's cricket team

The **West Indies** men's cricket team has been active since 1888. It is governed by Cricket West Indies (CWI), which is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). The West Indies play all forms of international cricket: Test, One Day International (ODI), and Twenty20 International (T20I). 

## Countries
For the purpose of cricket, the West Indies is a confederation of fifteen Caribbean countries who are all CWI members:
* Anguilla
* Antigua and Barbuda
* Barbados
* British Virgin Islands
* Dominica
* Grenada
* Guyana
* Jamaica
* Montserrat
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Maarten
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States Virgin Islands

## Early days
The earliest known match involving a team called the West Indies took place on 5 January 1888. An American team called the Gentlemen of the United States of America had arrived in British Guiana, and a two-day match was arranged at the Bourda ground in Georgetown. It was completed on the first day, the Americans winning by nine wickets. The West Indies team included players from at least six different colonies.

An English team called Arthur Priestley's XI toured the Caribbean in 1896/97. This team consisted of players with first-class experience, including Andrew Stoddart and Sammy Woods. Nine of their sixteen matches were first-class. Eight of those were against Barbados (3), Jamaica (3), and Trinidad (2). The other was against West Indies at the Queen's Park Oval in Port-of-Spain from 15 to 17 February 1897. This was West Indies' first-class debut, and they won by three wickets. The team included wicket-keeper Lebrun Constantine, father of Learie Constantine.

## References
Hirotaka Takeuchi

is a Japanese mountaineer. He is best known as the first Japanese man to reach the summits of the 14 tallest peaks in the Himalayas.

Fewer than 30 people have climbed all 14 mountains.

## References
Payphone (song)

"**Payphone**" is a song performed by American pop rock band Maroon 5. It was released on April 17, 2012 under A&M/Octone Records in the United States. It was the lead single on the band's fourth studio album, *Overexposed*, set to be released on June 26, 2012. The song was written by producer Benny Blanco, bandmates Adam Levine, James Valentine, and featured vocalist Wiz Khalifa. The song was recorded in southern Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

## Cover artwork
The cover artwork or the track was leaked to the web over a newsletter on April 11, 2012 and featured similar varieties of colorful aspects from the band's upcoming fourth album's cover, which leaked a day prior on E! News. 

## Chart success
The song debuted at number-three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles' chart and later peaked at number-two. It also topped the Billboard Digital Songs chart in late April. 

## Music Video
A music video for the song has not been officially announced yet. However, featured rapper Wiz Khalifa said in a press conference that he would like the music video to be in a sutle setting where no people may be to relate to the lyrics of the song.
Wren

, *Cistothorus palustris*, one of the many American wrens]]

The **wrens** are passerine birds in the mainly New World family **Troglodytidae**. There are about 80 species in about 20 genera. The Wren is also the shortest bird in Britain.

Originally, the word 'wren' was (and still is) used for the species found in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. The word came into English after a long history in the Germanic languages. The bird's scientific name is *Troglodytes troglodytes*. When European biologists got to the Americas, they soon realised that the family of wrens has many species, and is mainly an American family of birds.

Most wrens are about 10 centimetres (4 inches) long, brown (both sexes), and has a short bill that curves slightly down.

When this bird is annoyed or excited, its call runs into an emphatic *churr*, like clockwork running down.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Wren videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
Shrike

caught and impaled by a shrike]]

**Shrikes** are passerine birds of the family **Laniidae**. The family has 31 species in three genera. The family name, *Lanius*, is  from the Latin word for "butcher". Some shrikes were also known as "butcher birds" because of their feeding habits. This is because shrike sometimes sticks its prey on a thorn, as on a meat hook. This makes it easier for them to feed on it.

## Distribution 
Most shrike species live in Eurasia and Africa, with just two breeding in North America. There are no members of this family in South America or Australia, although one species reaches New Guinea. 

The shrikes vary in the size of their ranges. Some species like the Great Grey Shrike range across the northern hemisphere,  whereas Newton's Fiscal is restricted to the island of São Tomé.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Shrike videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
Vireo

The **vireos** () are a group of passerine birds that are mostly in the part of the New World. Their feathers are dull-colored and greenish, the smaller species slightly  wood warblers. New evidence from DNA places vireos as relatives of crows. Vireos are mostly shy.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Vireos (Vireonidae)  information, including 33 species with videos and 40 with photographs at the Internet Bird Collection
Information leakage

**Information leakage** is when secret information gets stolen.

With the development of the internet, the issue of **information leakage** has been more and more serious. The definition of an information leakage is that secret information is stolen by others through hacker’s attack, copying, sending, printing or screen shooting.

Most individual information leakages are caused by hackers. This can be prevented by through antivirus software. Most corporate information leakages are caused by people in the company. Preventing corporate information leakage is more difficult.

## References
Doug Savant

**Doug Savant** (born June 21, 1964) is an American actor. He is known for his role in the television *Desperate Housewives*.

## Other websites
*
Lynda Carter

**Lynda Jean Carter** (born July 24, 1951) is an American actress and singer.  She is best known for being Miss USA (1973) and as the star of the 1970s television series *Wonder Woman* (1975–77) and *The New Adventures of Wonder Woman* (1977–79).

## Filmography
## Albums
*1978: *Portrait*
*2009: *At Last*
*2011: *Crazy Little Things*

## References
## Other websites
*
Australia men's cricket team

The **Australia** men's cricket team has been active since 1866. It is governed by Cricket Australia, which is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). Australia play all forms of international cricket: Test, One Day International (ODI), and Twenty20 International (T20I).

## References
Twenty20 International

A **Twenty20 International** (**T20I**) is a cricket match which is authorised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and played under Twenty20 rules. The first T20I took place on 17 February 2005 at Eden Park in Auckland, where Australia defeated New Zealand by 44 runs.

## References
Bronislava Nijinska

**Bronislava Nijinska** (8 January 1891 [old style 27 December 1890] – 22 February 1972) was a Russian ballerina, choreographer, and teacher of Polish descent. Her parents were dancers. She was one of three siblings and the sister of the famous ballet dancer, Vaslav Nijinsky. 

When she was very young, Nijinska learned to dance at home. Her parents taught her Polish, Hungarian, Italian, and Russian folk dances. Her father also taught her some acrobatics. This helped her later with her choreography. 

She was only four years old when she made her debut in a Christmas program with her brothers in Nizhny Novgorod. Nijinska trained with the Italian dancer, Enrico Cecchetti, before joining the Imperial Ballet School in 1900. She was a student there until 1908. Her teachers were Nicolai Legat and Mikhail Fokine.

She danced with the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg and the Ballets Russes. She was a choreographer for the Ballets Russes, with important modernist dance titles to her credit: *Les Noces* (1923), *Le Train Bleu* (1924) and *Les Biches* (1924). She guided the re-creation of these works in modern times.

She died in Pacific Palisades, California. She was twice married and had two children.

## References
Federico de Madrazo y Ochoa

**Federico de Madrazo y Ochoa** (1875 – 1935) was a Spanish painter working in and around Madrid. He was part of a famous family of Spanish artists which included his father Raimundo de Madrazo, his uncle Ricardo de Madrazo y Garreta, his grandfather, Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz, and his great grandfather José de Madrazo. He worked together with Jean Cocteau to write a ballet, the *Le Dieu bleu* (*The Blue God*), in 1912 for Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Music for the ballet was composed by Reynaldo Hahn.

## References
Reynaldo Hahn

**Reynaldo Hahn** (August 9, 1874 – January 28, 1947) was a French composer, conductor, music critic and diarist (he wrote a diary). He was famous for his songs.  He wrote the music (which was considered "") for the ballet *Le Dieu bleu*. The ballet was a failure and the music was blamed.
Madea's Witness Protection

'''''Madea's Witness Protection''''' is a comedy-drama movie. It was directed, written, and produced by Tyler Perry. The movie is about Madea taking care of a White American family who are in being protected by the FBI. The movie was filmed from January to March 2012. The movie was released in the United States on June 29, 2012.

## Cast 
* Eugene Levy as George Needleman
* Tyler Perry as Mabel "Madea" Simmons/Joe Simmons/Brian Simmons
* Denise Richards as Kate Needleman
* Romeo Miller as Jake
* Doris Roberts as Barbara Needleman
* Tom Arnold as Walter
* John Amos as Pastor Nelson
* Marla Gibbs as Hattie
* Danielle Campbell as Cindy Needleman, 
* Devan Leos as Howie Needleman, 

## References 
## Other websites
*
Gaussian elimination

In mathematics, **Gaussian elimination** (also called **row reduction**) is a method used to solve systems of linear equations. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, a famous German mathematician who wrote about this method, but did not invent it.

To perform Gaussian elimination, the coefficients of the terms in the system of linear equations are used to create a type of matrix called an augmented matrix. Then, elementary row operations are used to simplify the matrix. The three types of row operations used are:
: **Type 1**: Switching one row with another row.
: **Type 2**: Multiplying a row by a non-zero number.
: **Type 3**: Adding or subtracting a row from another row.

The goal of Gaussian elimination is to get the matrix in *row-echelon form*. If a matrix is in row-echelon form, that means that reading from left to right, each row will start with at least one more zero term than the row above it. Some  of Gaussian elimination say that the matrix result has to be in *reduced row-echelon form*. That means that the matrix is in row-echelon form and the only non-zero term in each row is 1. Gaussian elimination that creates a reduced row-echelon matrix result is sometimes called **Gauss-Jordan elimination**.

## Example 
Suppose the goal is to find the answers to this system of linear equations.
:\begin{alignat}{7}
2x &&\; + \;&& y             &&\; - \;&& z  &&\; = \;&& 8 & \qquad (R_1) \\
-3x &&\; - \;&& y             &&\; + \;&& 2z &&\; = \;&& -11 & \qquad (R_2) \\
-2x &&\; + \;&& y &&\; +\;&& 2z  &&\; = \;&& -3 &  \qquad (R_3)
\end{alignat}
First, the system needs to be turned into an augmented matrix. In an augmented matrix, each linear equation becomes a row. On one side of the augmented matrix, the coefficients of each term in the linear equation become numbers in the matrix. On the other side of the augmented matrix are the constant terms each linear equation is equal to. For this system, the augmented matrix is:
: \left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c}
2 & 1 & -1 & 8 \\
-3 & -1 & 2 & -11 \\
-2 & 1 & 2 & -3
\end{array} \right]

Then, row operations can be done on the augmented matrix to simplify it. The table below shows the row reduction process on the system of equations and on the augmented matrix.

The matrix is now in row-echelon form. This is also called *triangular form*.

The matrix is now in reduced row-echelon form. Reading this matrix tells us that the solutions for this system of equations occur when x = 2, y = 3, and z = -1.
Pygmy antwren

The **pygmy antwren** (*Myrmotherula brachyura*) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

The Pygmy Antwren is the smallest of the antbirds. It usually weighs only 7&nbsp;g (0.25&nbsp;oz).

## References
* BirdLife International 2006.  Myrmotherula brachyura.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 26 July 2007.

## Other websites
*Pygmy Antwren photo gallery VIREO
*Photo-High Res ; Article wingsbirds&ndash;"Peru-Explornapo Lodge"
Thamnophilus

***Thamnophilus*** is a genus of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae. The species in this genus are commonly known as **antshrikes**. The Collared Antshrike (*Thamnophilus bernardi*) is one of the species.

## References
Dot-winged antwren

The **dot-winged antwren** (*Microrhopias quixensis*), also known as the **velvety antwren**, is a passerine bird in the antbird family. It is found in tropical Central and South America from southeastern Mexico south to western Ecuador, northern Bolivia and  central Brazil. It is the only member of the genus *Microrhopias*.

## References
* Stiles and Skutch,  *A guide to the birds of Costa Rica*
Flag of Belarus

The  current national **flag of Belarus** was introduced on June 7, 1995.  This new design replaced a historical flag used by the Belarusian People's Republic of 1918. The current flag is a change of the 1951 flag.

The flag has a red upper stripe and a green lower stripe.  A vertical red and white pattern is against the flagstaff.
National emblem of Belarus

The **national emblem of Belarus** replaced the historic Pahonia arms in 1995.  It has a ribbon in the colors of the national flag, a map of Belarus, wheat ears and a red star. It is sometimes called the coat of arms of Belarus, but this is not correct.

Despite the fact that the Belarusians share a distinct ethnic identity and language, they never previously had a political sovereignty prior to 1991, except during a brief period in 1918 when the short-lived Belarusian People's Republic used the horseman as its emblem. The unique Belarusian national symbols were not created as a result of the foreign rule of the Belarusian territories by Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, and Russia until the 20th century.

## Gallery 

File:Pahonia. Пагоня (1555) (2).png|1555
File:Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (A. Guagnini, 1581).svg|1581
File:Coats of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the Statute 1588.png|1588
File:Герб Княжества и области белорусские и литовские 1882.svg|1882
File:Герб БНР.svg|1918
File:Seal of Belarusian Central Council.svg|1943
File:Pahonia red (25 Groschen), Stamp of Belarusian People's Republic.svg|1950
File:Emblem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1920).svg|1919—1927
File:Emblem of the Byelorussian SSR (1927).svg|1927—1937
File:Emblem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1981–1991).svg|1949—1991
File:Coat of Arms of Belarus (1991).svg|1991—1995

## References
Thaila Ayala

**Thaila Ayala Sales** (born April 14, 1986 in Presidente Prudente) is a Brazilian actress and model.

## Career 
She played Marcela, the protagonist of the 14th season of the teen soap ''*. In 2006 she posed nude for the magazine Trip.

In 2007, she was photographed by Terry Richardson for the book, *Rio, Wonderful Town'', released the same year. Subsequently, the release actress and model, who appears in a photo with the breast showing and biting her lip, claimed to be sorry that she participated in the book.

In 2011, she said that posing nude was "rape".

## Personal life 
On 19 November 2011 she married actor Paulo Vilhena.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Giant antshrike

The **giant antshrike** (*Batara cinerea*) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It belongs to the genus ***Batara***. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. This species is the largest species of antbird, measuring 34&nbsp;cm long and weighing around 150&nbsp;g.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical forests.

## References
* BirdLife International 2004.  Batara cinerea.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 25 July 2007.

## Other websites
*Image at ADW
Collared antshrike

The **collared antshrike** (*Thamnophilus bernardi*) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

## References 
* BirdLife International 2004.  Thamnophilus bernardi.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 27 July 2007.
* Brumfield, R. T., and S. V. Edwards. 2007. *Evolution into and out of the Andes: a Bayesian analysis of historical diversification in Thamnophilus antshrikes.* Evolution 61:346-367.

## Other websites 
*Image at ADW
Ant-follower

is an obligate ant-follower.]]
The **ant-follower** is a bird which feeds by following army ants. They take the prey that the ants have. The best known ant-followers are 18 species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae, but there are other families as well, such as cuckoos.

## References
Tropical Storm Beryl

**Tropical Storm Beryl** was a strong Atlantic tropical storm. It was the second tropical cyclone of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season. Beryl  on May 26 from a low-pressure system. This system was near the East Coast of the United States.  It was  as a subtropical storm. However, it slowly became stronger and was  to a tropical storm on May 27. It upgraded because it moved to warmer water. Beryl is responsible for floods in Cuba. This caused a mudslide that left two people missing. Beryl caused rough surf to beaches in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. In South Carolina, one person was reported missing.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Tropical Storm Beryl Advisory Archive
List of prime ministers of Belarus

This is a **list of heads of government of Belarus** from 1918 to the present.

## Republic of Belarus (present)
This is a **list of prime ministers of Belarus** since the Belarusian declaration of independence in 1918.

## Belarusian People's Republic (1918–1920) 
### Chairmen of the People's Secretariat 
## Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic (since 1920) 
### Chairmen of the Council of Ministers 
Following the fall of the Belarusian People's Republic, the Rada went into exile—first to Vilnius to 1925, then to Prague before settling in Canada.

## List
## Related pages 
* List of national leaders of Belarus
* President of Belarus

## Other websites 
*
Mikhail Myasnikovich

**Mikhail Uladzimiravich Myasnikovich** (born 6 May 1950) is a Belarusian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Belarus from 2010 to 2014. He was picked by President Alexander Lukashenko after the 2010 presidential election.

He graduated from the Brest Engineering and Construction Institute in 1972 and the Communist Party School in 1989 in Minsk. He has a PhD in economics. He speaks English. He has a son, daughter and two grandchildren.

## References 
## Other websites 
* BelarusProfile project page.
Aozora Bunko

is a Japanese digital library. This online collection has several thousands of works of Japanese-language fiction and non-fiction.

*Aozora Bunko* has digital copies of many out-of-copyright books.
Project Gutenberg is similar to *Aozora Bunko*.
 
## History
*Aozora Bunko* was established in 1997.

In 2006, *Aozora Bunko* became a public policy advocate for freely accessible e-books.

## Related pages
* Wikisource

## References
## Other websites 
* 青空文庫 (*Aozora Bunko*) official website 
* *Aozora Bunko* official blog
Prunus japonica

**Prunus japonica** (also *Cerasus japonica*) is a shrub in the genus Prunus.  It is also called **Korean cherry**, **Flowering almond** or **Oriental bush cherry**.  It is used for ornamental use. Its range goes from Central China through to the Korean peninsula. *P. maximowiczii*, the Miyama cherry is also often called Korean cherry.

## Description
The shrub reaches 1.5 m by 1.5 m. Its flowers are hermaphrodite.  They are pollinated by insects. The plant blossoms in May. Its fruit reaches about 14&nbsp;mm. It is used in making pies.

Every fruit has one seed. The plant usually grows from seed.

## Other uses
The leaves of this plant procure a green dye, while the fruit procures a greenish to grayish dye.

## Varieties
There are several varieties:
**P. japonica eujaponica*
**P. japonica gracillima*
**P. kerii*
**P. japonica nakaii*, originated from Manchuria, which gives bigger plums (up to 50&nbsp;mm in diameter).

## Other websites
## References
Delta Force

**1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta** (**1st SFOD-D**) is a special forces unit of the United States Army. They are a highly secretive, highly elite unit that take part in very dangerous missions including counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, direct action, and more. Delta Force is highly elite in that it is not a unit that just anyone can apply for. Delta Force recruits primarily from the Army Special Forces (aka the Green Berets) and the 75th Ranger Regiment, themselves already elite special operations units. 

## References
William H. Seward

**William Henry Seward** (May 16, 1801&ndash;October 10, 1872) was an American politician. He was the fourteenth Governor of New York, and later a United States Senator. He was also the United States Secretary of State for two presidents, Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He was very much against slavery. He was an important person in the Republican Party when it was starting. Many people thought he would be nominated by the Republican Party to run for President of the United States in 1860, but that did not happen.

On the night that President Abraham Lincoln was killed, someone also tried to kill Seward. For the rest of his life, Seward had scars on his face from the attack. Later, the man who attacked him was caught and put to death.

When Seward was Secretary of State, he arranged for the United States to buy Alaska from Russia. People made fun of him for doing that. They called it "Seward's ". When asked what he thought was the most important thing he did as Secretary of State, Seward said "The purchase of Alaska&mdash;but it will take the people a generation to find it out".

## References
## Other websites
Laplace's equation

'''Laplace's equation''' is a partial differential equation, of the second order. It is named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, an 18th century mathematician who first described it. One of the uses of the equation is to predict the conduction of heat, another to model the conduction of electricity.
Echo and Narcissus

(45–79 AD)]]
, 1903]]
**Echo and Narcissus** is a story from Ovid's book of poetry, *Metamorphoses*, about a young man named Narcissus and Echo, the mountain nymph, or Oread, who fell in love with him.

Zeus had given Echo the task of entertaining his wife Hera with stories, in order that he might have time to slip away  with nymphs. Hera was known for her jealous and vengeful nature. Always suspicious of Zeus, she thought Echo was the object of his affections. She cast a spell on the unfortunate nymph - from this day forward Echo would only be able to repeat the last words addressed to her and never speak her own words again. 

Narcissus, a hunter from Boeotia, got separated from his hunting companions one day in the woods. Echo feeling pitiful because of her curse, had been wandering those same woods. The moment she saw Narcissus walking through the forest, she fell in love with him and his breathtaking beauty. But because of Hera's curse, she was unable to tell him, so she followed the boy and waited for him to speak. Eventually, Narcissus began to call for his companions. Echo eagerly stepped out of the trees and repeated the words. A confusing and repetitive exchange ensued, ending with Narcissus shouting to his companions that they should come together. Mistaking this for an invitation, Echo repeated his words and leapt towards Narcissus. However, at that moment, Narcissus decided he'd rather die before letting a wood nymph have him, and pushed her away.  Echo, heartbroken, ran away and hid in a cave, not eating or sleeping, just pining for Narcissus.   

After some time, Echo began to grow thin from starvation until her body withered away entirely into dust, leaving nothing but her voice. To this day Echo's voice still calls back from caves and labyrinths, repeating the last spoken words forever.

Nemesis, the goddess of revenge, punished Narcissus for not accepting the unrequited love of Echo. Nemesis caused him to fall in love with his own reflection he saw in a pool near the cave where Echo had died. Narcissus refused to leave the reflection of himself and, like Echo, starvation was going to claim him. But not before he cried out to his reflection: "Farewell, dear boy. Beloved in vain.". Echo's voice repeated "farewell" from the cave and Narcissus died by the bank of the pool. 

And thus ends the story of Echo and Narcissus.
Gene Tierney

**Gene Eliza Tierney** (November 19, 1920 – November 6, 1991) was an American actress. She was born in Brooklyn, New York City. She starred in several movies including “The Shanghai Gesture” (1941) *Heaven Can Wait*, *Laura*, *Leave Her to Heaven*, ''The Razor's Edge*, *The Ghost and Mrs. Muir*, *Whirlpool*, *The Mating Season* and *The Left Hand of God*.

## Early life 
Tierney was born on 19 November 1920. She was born into a wealthy Brooklyn family. On a family vacation she toured the Warner Brothers studio and was spotted by director Anatole Litvak. After a screen test she was offered a contract. She was then cast in a variety of roles before getting top billing on her own. Her first lead  came in the movie *Heaven can Wait* also starring Don Ameche. Probably her best known film was *The Ghost and Mrs. Muir'' with Rex Harrison.  But it did not become a classic until later. She went on to star in several films. But she had a number of personal problems later in her career. This included a love  gone wrong. As her second husband, she married W. Howard Lee, a rich Houston oilman. She remained happily married to him for 20 years until his death in 1981.

## Retirement in Houston 
After her marriage to Howard she did only two more films before retiring. On 6 November 1991 Tierney died of emphysema in Houston, Texas. next to her husband, W. Howard Lee. 

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Basal ganglia

The **basal ganglia** (or basal **nuclei**) are three areas under the cerebral cortex. They are part of the cerebrum (forebrain), and connected to the midbrain and the thalamus. They are vital to movement, and damage here results is damaged ability to move. 

The three areas are:
#striatum
##caudate nucleus
##putamen
#pallidum (or globus pallidus)
##substantia nigra
##nucleus accubens
#subthalamic nucleus

The range of behaviours controlled by the nuclei is wide. They control eye movements. They do voluntary motor control, learning procedures for routine behaviors or "habits", and cognitive emotional functions. 

The basal ganglia also control motivation. They select actions, that is, the choice of what to do at a given time. Experimental studies show that the basal ganglia inhibit (suppress) a number of motor systems. A release of this inhibition lets a motor system act. This "behaviour switching" is influenced by signals from many parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays a key role in doing things.

## Evolution 
The basal ganglia form one of the basic components of the forebrain, and can be recognized in all species of vertebrates.  Even in the lamprey (one of the most primitive vertebrates) striatal, pallidal, and nigral elements can be identified by their anatomy and histochemistry.

## Related pages
* Alexander Cools

## References