open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mosaic evolution

In **mosaic evolution** some characters in a transitional form are basal, while others are remarkably advanced.

Apparently, evolutionary change takes place rapidly in some body parts or systems without  changes in other parts. Another definition is the "evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species".408 Its place in evolutionary theory comes under long-term trends or macroevolution.
* Evolution of the brain. The different parts of the mammalian brain evolved at different rates.
* *Archaeopteryx*. Nearly 150 years ago Thomas Henry Huxley compared *Archaeopteryx* with a small theropod dinosaur, *Compsognathus*. These two fossils came from the Solnhofen limestone in Bavaria. He showed that the two were very similar, except for the front limbs and feathers of *Archaeopteryx*. Huxley's interest was in the basic affinity of birds and reptiles, which he united as the *Sauropsida*. The interest here is that the rest of the skeleton had not changed.
* Meadow voles during the last 500,000 years.
* The pterosaur *Darwinopterus*. The type species, *D. modularis* was the first known pterosaur to display features of both long-tailed (rhamphorhynchoid) and short-tailed (pterodactyloid) pterosaurs.
* Evolution of the horse. The major changes took place at different times, not all simultaneously.
* Mammalian evolution during the Mesozoic is another good example.

### A famous case re-examined 
Huxley had pointed out that *Archaeopteryx* was a mixture of reptile and bird features. Without the feathers and arms, its skeleton looked just like that of *Compsognathus*. We now know its bone growth physiology was much slower than modern birds, and more like that of its dinosaur ancestors. This means it would take longer after hatching before it could fly. A modern precocial bird takes for 3–6 weeks from hatching to flying. In *Archaeopteryx* this milestone might have taken about 18 weeks. It might have taken two to three years to reach its final adult size. The evolution of the physiology of modern forms occurred later in the group's history. They have had over 140 million years to evolve since *Archaeopteryx*.

## Background 
It has long been known that changes in the genes which control development cause changes in the final adult animal.

Recent work shows how master control systems in development ('homeoboxes') can organise selective changes in different parts of an organism. This is what underlies mosaic evolution.

## Related pages 
* Gene regulation
* Heterochrony
* Neoteny
* Evo-devo
* Parallel evolution
* Convergent evolution
* Macroevolution
* Transitional fossil

## References
Lorine Niedecker

**Lorine Faith Niedecker** (English: pronounced Needecker) (May 12, 1903 – December 31, 1970) is a poet who was the only woman associated with the Objectivist poets.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America
## References
Max Martin

**Karl Martin Sandberg**, known professionally as **Max Martin**, (born 26 February 1971) is a Swedish music producer and songwriter. Raised in Sweden, he became a producer and songwriter in the mid 1990s after writing a string of hits for pop artists like the Backstreet Boys, Britney Spears, *NSYNC, Kelly Clarkson, Katy Perry, and Pink, Taylor Swift, among many others. 

## Career 
Some of his earlier hits include I Want It That Way, Baby One More Time, "Larger Than Life", "Show Me the Meaning of Being Lonely", "Oops!...I Did It Again", "Everybody (Backstreet's Back)", "That's the Way It Is", and "It's My Life".

He also helped the Cheiron Studios create the Album *The Bridge*, which has sold more than six million copies worldwide, including one million in the United States.

## References
Red Bull Arena (Salzburg)

The **Red Bull Arena** is a football stadium in Salzburg, Wals-Siezenheim. It is the home ground of F.C. Red Bull Salzburg and FC Liefering. During the Euro 2008 football championship it was one of four venues in Austria. It has a capacity of 30,188. 

## History
The arena was built in 2003 and opened on March 8th, 2003 with a match between SV Austria Salzburg vs. FC Kärnten. The score was 1-1. It replaced the Stadion Lehen. The building is not in the city of Salzburg but in the neighbouring borough of Wals-Siezenheim. For international matches the ground is called "EM Stadion Wals-Siezenheim". The architects were Schuster Architekten (Düsseldorf) and Atelier Albert Wimmer (Wien). In 2005 two video boards were erected.

At this time the capacity was around 18,000 but was expanded to over 30,000 in 2006 because the ground was used for the Euro 2008. A second balcony was built. The new stadium was presented with a match against Arsenal F.C., in which Red Bull Salzburg won 1-0. After the Euro it was decided, despite of neighbour protests, that this balcony should stay for further use by Red Bull Salzburg. The stadium was the only one in Austria with an artificial turf, but since 2010 the arena has switched to natural grass. FC Red Bull Salzburg play their games here, which was rented from another owner. Therefore, the stadium is indirectly owned by the state of Salzburg.
## Notable matches
### Matches during the Euro 2008

File:Euro 2008 Greece-Spain.jpg|Greece vs.Spain
File:Euro 2008 greece vs sweden 7.jpg|Greece vs. Sweden

### Friendlys
### International matches
### League matches
## Gallery

File:EM-Stadion Wals-Siezenheim zur Euro.jpg|EM-Stadion Wals-Siezenheim (Photo:Arne Müseler)
File:Panorama Stadion.jpg|Stadium in 2010 with the new natural lawn
File:RBA-Nord.jpg|Inside the arena North stand
File:EM Stadion Wals-Siezenheim Osttribüne.jpg|East stand
File:Red Bull Arena(Salzburg).jpg|South stand-standing room in the middle
File:Salzburg gegen Innsbruck Panorama.jpg|League match-west and north stand
File:Em stadion salzburg 1.jpg|during adaption work 2007
File:Freundschaftsspiel vs.Bayern München.JPG|friendly match versus Bayern München

## Other websites
*

## References
Shellback (producer)

**Karl Johan Schuster** (born February 1, 1985), better known by his stage name **Shellback**, is a songwriter, record producer and musician from Karlshamn, a small town in Southern Sweden. Together with Max Martin, he wrote "So What" and "Raise Your Glass" by Pink, "If U Seek Amy" and "3" by Britney Spears, "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" by Usher featuring Pitbull, and "Whataya Want from Me" by Adam Lambert. Also with Martin he co-wrote the Maroon 5 single One More Night.

## References
SV Mattersburg

**SV Mattersburg** was an Austrian football club from Mattersburg, Burgenland.
## History
Football came to Mattersburg in 1912 through students from Vienna who played there in their sparetime. The input for forming a football club came from the Sieberer family, which came to Mattersburg from Vienna. Their sons had already played in Viennese football clubs. The SV Mattersburg was founded on Juny, 10th 1922. The club plays since the 2003/04 season in the Austrian Bundesliga, the highest division of Austrian football. The most successful season was 2006/07 reaching the 3rd place. In this year also 4 players of SV Mattersburg have played in the national team (Cem Atan, Michael Mörz, Christian Fuchs,Jürgen Patocka)

Mattersburg was declared bankrupt in August 2020 after their main sponsor, Commerzialbank Mattersburg im Burgenland was closed down following an financial scandal. To continue with the youth football  the club was newly founded under the name Mattersburger Sportverein 2020. Since the 2021-22 season they play in the 2. Klasse Mitte Burgenland, the lowest class.

## Honours
***Austrian Cup final**:2006
***Austrian championship**:3rd 2007

## Gallery

File:Pappelstadion des SV Mattersburg.jpg|Pappelstadion-Homeground of SV Mattersburg
File:SV Mattersburg - Teamphoto 2010-11.jpg|1st squad 2010/11 season
File:Michael Mörz SV Mattersburg.JPG|Michael Mörz-Teamcaptain
File:Franz Lederer - SV Mattersburg (Bild 1).jpg|Franz Lederer-coach of SV Mattersburg
File:Leo Martinschitz - SV Mattersburg.jpg|Leo Martinschitz-goalkeeper coach
File:Martin Pucher.jpg|Chairman Martin Pucher

## References
## Other websites
*Official Homepage (German)
Mount Gongga

**Mount Gongga** is a  mountain in the Daxue Shan range, in Sichuan China. It is also known as **Gongga Shan** and **Minya Konka**. The name Minya Konka means "White Ice Mountain of Minyang". It is the 41st highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Richard Burdsall and Terris Moore, in 1932. It was not climbed again until 1957.

Mount Gongga is thought of as one of the hardest and most dangerous mountains to climb. There have been many deaths on the mountain. These include a group of eight Japanese climbers in 1981. Until 1999, more people had died on the mountain than had made it to the top.

## References
Raise Your Glass

"**Raise Your Glass**" is a song by American recording artist and songwriter Pink. It was released as the lead single of her album, *Greatest Hits... So Far!!!*. It celebrates the ten years Pink has spent in the music industry. She said it was for the fans who supported her during these years.

The song was released in October 2010. It was praised by critics who said it was a party . It was successful  as well. It reached the Top 10 in several countries, including the United States. There it became Pink's second solo number one hit, following "So What," and her third overall.

## Charts and certifications
### Charts
### Year-end charts
## Release history
## References
Vocal range

**Vocal range** is the measure of the pitches that a human voice can make. Although the study of vocal range is not used in terms of speech, it is a topic of study within linguistics, phonetics, and speech and language pathology. However, the most common use of the term "vocal range" is in singing, where it is used for classifying singing voices into groups.

## References
Blogcritics

**Blogcritics** is a blog network and online magazine of news and opinion. The site—a self-proclaimed "sinister cabal of superior writers"—was founded in 2002 by Eric Olsen and Phillip Winn. Blogcritics features hundreds of original articles every week, and keeps an archive of all their published content.

## References
Digital Spy

**Digital Spy** is a British entertainment and media news website. According to comScore figures, it is the fourth largest British entertainment website with 2.1 million special users on its news site. According to Alexa Internet traffic statistics, as of February 2011, Digital Spy is the 93rd most popular website in the United Kingdom, with an overall Alexa ranking of 2,088.

## References
RCA Records

**RCA Records** (originally The Victor Talking Machine Company, then RCA Victor) is one of the flagship labels of Sony Music Entertainment. The RCA initials stand for Radio Corporation of America (later renamed RCA Corporation), which was the parent corporation from 1929 to 1985 and a partner from 1985 to 1986.

RCA's Canadian unit the Sony's oldest label in Canada, because it was only one of two Canadian record labels to survive the Great Depression.

## References
Maratone Studio

**Maratone** is a music production company, started by two music producers and songwriters, Max Martin and Tom Talomaa. It was started in January 2001 after the closing of the Cheiron Studios.

The first songs to be written and produced at Maratone were four tracks for Britney Spears´ third album "Britney".

With Kelly Clarkson's hits *Since U Been Gone* and *Behind These Hazel Eyes*, which were produced at Maratone, Max Martin had reinvented himself (together with Lukasz Gottwald) by using a completely different sound than the "Cheiron sound" which he was so famous for. He has continued to use the new rock sound on hits for a-ha, Pink and many more.

## Other websites 
* Maratone's web site
Music download

A **music download** is the act of downloading a song from the Internet to a user's computer. This term can mean both legal downloads (by paying to download the music) and downloads of copyright material without  or paying.

As at 2006, digital music sales were estimated to have reached about US$2 billion. Around the world in 2006, an estimated 509 million songs were purchased online.

There are many websites that let you download music. Some of these sites are iTunes, Google Play, Windows Store, Jamendo Music, TrendyBeatz, Naijasermon and Amazon.com. As at January, 2011, The biggest of these stores was iTunes, which is run by Apple, and had an income of $1.1 billion in 2011.

## References
About.com

**About.com** is an online source for information and advice. It is written in English, and is aimed mostly at North Americans. It is owned by The New York Times Company.

About.com is divided into topic sites, which are grouped into channels and subjects such as home repair, pediatrics, and weather. The content is written by a network of writers, referred to as Guides, who have experience in the subject they look after. Each Guide looks after one subject only.

Guides receive money of about $100,000 per year, although the exact number is not told.

## References
KMFDM

**KMFDM** (originally **Kein Mehrheit Für Die Mitleid**, loosely translated by the band as "no pity for the majority") is a German industrial metal band.  The four members of the band are leader, singer, and bassist Sascha Konietzko, singer Lucia Cifarelli, guitarist Andee Blacksugar, and drummer Andy Selway.  The band has sold more than 2 million albums.

KMFDM formed on February 29, 1984, in Paris, France.  They made eleven albums between then and 1999, when the band broke up.  The band got back together in 2002, and has made twelve albums between then and 2024.

## List of albums
**Opium* (1984)
**What Do You Know, Deutschland?* (1986)
*''Don't Blow Your Top* (1988)
**UAIOE* (1989)
**Naïve* (1990)
**Money* (1992)
**Angst* (1993)
**Nihil* (1995)
**Xtort* (1996)
**Symbols* (1997)
**Adios* (1999)
**Attak* (2002)
**WWIII* (2003)
**Hau Ruck* (2005)
**Tohuvabohu* (2007)
**Blitz* (2009)
**WTF?!* (2011)
**Kunst* (2013)
**Our Time Will Come* (2014)
**Hell Yeah* (2017)
**Paradise* (2019)
**Hyëna* (2022)
**Let Go'' (2024)

## References
## Other websites
* KMFDM official website
Nur Muhammad Taraki

**Nur Muhammad Taraki** (1917–1979) was an Afghan politician. With other people he founded the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, who stopped the monarchy in Afghanistan. Taraki was president of Afghanistan in 1978 and 1979. Taraki started economic reforms in mid-1978.

## References
Wilby, Suffolk

**Wilby** is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk part of Suffolk in eastern England. It is around nine miles south-east of Diss, in 2001 there was 231 people living in Wilby. It has a primary school, village hall, Church, Trucking company (TG Askews) and a phone box (cards only).

## Transport
Between 1908 and 1952 the village had a railway station on the Mid-Suffolk Light Railway.

## References
Next Eleven

, Nigeria, Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam, South Korea, Philippines]]
The **Next Eleven** (or **N-11**) are eleven countries—Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Turkey and Vietnam—that Goldman Sachs investment bank says will probably become some of the world's largest economies in the 21st century, together with the BRICS. The bank chose these states on December 12, 2005 because they are good places for people to invest money, and are likely to become a lot richer soon.
Spain Davis Cup team

The **Spain Davis Cup team** represents Spain in the Davis Cup tennis competition.
Spain has won the Davis Cup four times (2000, 2004, 2008 and 2009), and finished at second position three times (1965, 1967, 2003).

## References
John Rawls

**John Rawls** (February 21, 1921 – November 24, 2002) was an American political philosopher. His is known best for writing the book on social justice, *A Theory of Justice* (1971).
Industrial metal

**Industrial metal** is a heavy metal musical genre that draws from industrial music and many different types of heavy metal, using repeating metal guitar riffs, sampling, synthesizer or sequencer lines, and distorted vocals. Founding industrial metal acts include Ministry, Godflesh, and KMFDM. Industrial metal's popularity led to some criticism from other artists associated with the industrial scene. Subsequently, it is most well known in various European permutations. Industrial metal groups have produced many acclaimed music videos.

## References
Melinoe

**Melinoë** or **Meilinoë** (Greek: Μηλινοη, Μειλινοη) is a deity in Greek mythology. A Chthonic goddess, originating from the Underworld, she is known as a bringer of nightmares and madness.

## Mythology
According to the Orphic Hymns, Melinöe is the daughter of Zeus and Persephone. Zeus disguised himself as Persephone's husband, Hades, in order to sleep with her. Melinöe's body is described as being black on one side and white on the other, representing her dual Olympian and Chthonic parentage. Very little is known about Melinöe, but she is possibly connected to Hecate. She may be another name for Hecate or an aspect of her.

## Religion
Melinöe was a subject of prayer for ancient Greeks seeking protecting from the supernatural. The Orphic Hymn to Melinöe involves a request for protection from ghosts.

## In popular culture
Melinoë is the protagonist of the video game *Hades II*. In the game, Melinoë is depicted as the daughter of Hades and the sister of Zagreus, the protagonist of *Hades*.

## References
*
2. Liga

**Admiral Zweite Liga** is the name of the second division in Austrian football.
## History
The league was formed in 1975. The name "Erste Liga" was not new, because before the Second World War the name was in use for the second division in football. From 1949 to 1975 the 3 Regionalligen were the second level. With some modifications the league still exists.

There were ten clubs in the league. The champion promotes to the Bundesliga, the last team of the Bundesliga is relegated to the Erste Liga. The last three teams of this league are relegated to the Regionalliga, the champions of the 3 Regionalligen are promoted to the Erste Liga as fare they are licenced. Beginning with the 2018–19 season the former First League changed its name to the Second League and expanded from ten teams to 16 teams.  Also amateurteams of a club from the Bundesliga are allowed.

In the 2020-21 season the Regionalliga was suspended due to the COVID-pandemic. Therefor no team was relegated from Liga 2. SK Rapid Wien II , SK  Vorwärts Steyr and SV Horn stayed in the league. 
The 3rd of the league Austria Klagenfurt played relegationmatches versus SKN St. Pölten and won 5:0 (4:0 and 1:0) and was promoted to the Bundesliga.
## Clubs in the  Admiral 2. Liga 2025-26

File:Franz Fekete Stadion Kapfenberg Birdseye.jpg|Alpenstadion Kapfenberg
File:Bundesliga RBS FAK.jpg|Red Bull Arena Wals
File:Casino Stadion - opposite stand.JPG|ImmoAgentur-Stadion
File:St. Pölten - Fußballstation.JPG|NV Arena

## Champions
*1975 	Grazer AK 		
*1976 	First Vienna FC 1894 		
*1977 	Wiener Sport-Club 
*1978 	SV Austria Salzburg 			
*1979 	Linzer ASK 	
*1980 	SC Eisenstadt 		
*1981 	SSW Innsbruck 		
*1982 	SK Austria Klagenfurt 		
*1983 	SV St. Veit/Glan 	 	
*1984 	SV Spittal/Drau 		
*1985 	Salzburger AK 1914 		
*1986 	First Vienna FC 1894 
*1987 	VfB Mödling 
*1988 	VSE St. Pölten 
*1989 	SV Austria Salzburg 
*1990 	Donawitzer SV Alpine 
*1991 	FC VOEST Linz 
*1992 	VfB Mödling 
*1993 	Grazer AK 
*1994 	Linzer ASK 
*1995 	Grazer AK
*1996 	FC Linz 
*1997 	SC Austria Lustenau 
*1998 	SK Vorwärts Steyr 	
*1999 	SC Schwarz-Weiß Bregenz
*2000 	VfB Admira Wacker Mödling

*2001 	FC Kärnten
*2002 	ASKÖ Pasching 
*2003 	SV Mattersburg
*2004 	FC Wacker Tirol
*2005 	SV Ried
*2006 	SC Rheindorf Altach
*2007 	LASK Linz
*2008 	Kapfenberger SV
*2009 	SC Magna Wiener Neustadt
*2010 	FC Wacker Innsbruck
*2011   VfB Admira Wacker Mödling
*2012   Wolfsberger AC
*2013   SV Grödig
*2014   SCR Altach
*2015  SV Mattersburg
*2016  SKN St. Pölten
* 2017 LASK Linz
*2018 FC Wacker Innsbruck
*2019 WSG Wattens
*2020 SV Ried
*2021 FC Blau Weiß Linz
*2022 SC Austria Lustenau
*2023 FC Blau Weiß Linz
*2024 Grazer AK
*2025 SV Ried

## Topscorer
## Other websites
*Official website (in German)

## References
Kapfenberg SV

The **Kapfenberger SV** is a football club from Kapfenberg, Styria.
## History
The club was founded in 1919. Before the Second World War he played under the name Kapfenberger SC and was an important part of Styrian football. 1947 the club was new founded and got new sections (table tennis, ski and handball). During the 1950´s and 60´s Kapfenberg played in the Staatsliga A and in the 1980´s in the 2.Division. In 1997 the club, which was only a section of the SV, was dissolved from the Kapfenberger SV and became a legaly independent club. From 2002/03 to 2007/08 the club played in the Erste Liga and became Champion in the 2007/08 season.

In the season 2008/09 the club played in the Bundesliga for the first time since 41 years. In the 2009/10 season the LASK was beaten 7:2, which was the highest victory in the club history.

The club plays in the Franz-Fekete-Stadium, which was built in 1951 and named after a former mayor of Kapfenberg. 
## Notable players
***Karl Steinmetz** played for the Austrian team in the 1936 Olympic games in Berlin and reached the silver medal. He scored 3 goals in this tournament.
## Current squad
*Updated 5 February 2026*

### Coaching staff
* Vladimir Petrović Headcoach
* Mario Grgić Assistant coach
* Matthias Götzinger Goalkeeper coach

## Gallery

File:Werner Gregoritsch - Kapfenberger SV (Bild 2a).jpg|Werner Gregoritsch coach of KSV
File:Kapfenberger SV – Präsident Erwin Fuchs2 (Portrait) (bearb.).JPG|Erwin Fuchs chairman
File:Deni Alar - SV Kapfenberg (quer).jpg| Deni Alar
File:REDS – Fanklub der Kapfenberger SV bei einem Freundschaftstestspiel.JPG|Fans of KSV
File:SV kapfenberg (1 -0 gegen FC Red Bull Salzburg).JPG|Players celebrating a goal versus Red Bull Salzburg

## Other websites
*SV Kapfenberg Official homepage (German)
Religious segregation

are stationed beyond the turnoff on the main road to prevent non-Muslims from proceeding into Mecca.
According to the Times Higher Education, Bahá'í are required to give up their faith in order to teach in Iranian universities. 
Bahá'í is not among the "recognized religious minorities" in the Constitution of Iran. The Bahá'í faith is considered apostate in Iran
because it believes in a prophet (Bahá'u'lláh) more recent than Muhammad. This goes against Islamic teachings, which teach the belief that Muhammad is the last and final messenger sent to mankind.

Saudi Arabia sees the cities of Mecca and Medina as holy. Only Muslims may enter or travel through these cities. A Non-Muslim who enters one of them may be fined. People who are not Muslims will be deported from Mecca.

## References
## Related pages
*Religious persecution
Paraphyly

**Paraphyly** is a term in cladistics. It means a group which does not include all its descendents. So Sauropsida without birds is paraphyletic, since birds are definitely descended from archosaurs, probably small theropod dinosaurs (origin of birds).

Paraphyly is corrected to monophyly when the missing group(s) are included. So if birds are included in Sauropsida, the larger group is then monophyletic. 

Traditional Linnaean classification is often paraphyletic. Many common terms, like "fish", are paraphyletic, but still very useful for everyday purposes.

## Related pages 
* Polyphyly

## References
Captain America: The First Avenger

***Captain America: The First Avenger*** is an American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America. It was produced by Kevin Feige and directed by Joe Johnston. The film was produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Release
### Theatres
The film was first shown at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on July 19, 2011, and was shown at San Diego Comic Con on July 21, 2011. It was released in the US and Canada on July 22, 2011.

### At home
*Captain America: The First Avenger* was released by Paramount Home Media Distribution on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and DVD on October 25, 2011.

## Future
### Sequels
#### *Captain America: The Winter Soldier*
A sequel to the movie called *Captain America: The Winter Soldier* was released on 4 April 2014.

#### *Captain America: Civil War*
Another sequel called *Captain America: Civil War* was released on May 6, 2016. It was directed by the Russo Brothers again.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites 
*Captain America: The First Avenger's Official website 
* 
*
Apache License

The **Apache License** is a free software license

## Version history
* Version 1.0 – The first Apache license.
* Version 1.1 – Approved by the Apache Software Foundation in 2000.
* Version 2.0 – The current version, version 2.0 was approved in 2004. This version was made to be easy for projects outside of the Apache Software Foundation to use.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Apache Licenses
The All-American Rejects

**The All-American Rejects** are an American alternative rock band from Stillwater, Oklahoma. The All-American Rejects have four members in the band; the current band members are Tyson Ritter, Nick Wheeler, Mike Kennerty and Chris Gaylor.

## Career 
The All-American Rejects first became a band in 1999 when band member Tyson Ritter and Nick Wheeler were in high school. The name All-American Reject was made from either a mix of two suggestions, "The Rejects" and "The All Americans" or the other being that it came from a song "Reject" by Green Day and had the chorus, "your reject all-american".

## Band members 
;Current
*Tyson Ritter – Vocals,bass guitar
*Nick Wheeler – Vocals,lead guitar
*Mike Kennerty – Guitar, Backing vocals
*Chris Gaylor – guitar, backing vocals

;Former
*Tim Campbell - drums
*Jesse Tabish - vocals, guitar

Matt Rubano - bass guitar  backing voice
scotty - pianist, backing voice
kevin "toad" silnaur - backing voice

## Discography 
So far as of 2011, The All-American Rejects have made 3 studio albums and 8 EPs:

### Studio albums
**The All-American Rejects* (2003)
**Move Along* (2005)
**When the World Comes Down* (2008)
**Kids In The Street* (2012)

### EPs
**Same Girl, New Songs* (EP) (2001)
**The Bite Back EP* (EP) (2005)
**The All-American Rejects Soundcheck Vol. 1* (EP) (2008)
**Gives You Hell: The Remixes* (EP) (2009)
**The All-American Rejects Soundcheck Vol. 2* (EP) (2009)
**The Wind Blows: The Remixes* (EP) (2009)
**Rhapsody Originals* (EP)
**I Wanna: The Remixes* (EP) (2009)
**Flatline EP* (2012)
**Move Along 15: Live & Acoustic* (2020)

## References
## Other websites 
*The All-American Rejects' Official website
Polyphyly

** (sauropsids), a **paraphyly** (reptiles), and a **polyphyly** (warm-blooded animals)]]

**Polyphyly''' is a term in cladistics. It describes a group of organisms whose last common ancestor is not a member of the group. Another way of expressing this is to say that polyphyly includes groups some members of which are descended from ancestral populations.

The diagrams show that birds and mammals are indeed related, but only at the level of the early amniotes. In terms of evolution, there is a vast gulf between them.

More common in traditional taxonomy is to include all descendants (say, living mammals) without the group they evolved from (which would be some clade in the therapsida). This is done for convenience; but it makes the mammals polyphyletic.

Biological classification aims to group species together such that every group is descended from a single common ancestor. A polyphyletic group can be "fixed" either by excluding clades or by adding the common ancestor.

According to cladistics it should be the aim of classification to ensure that all groups are monophyletic. However, other taxonomists argue that there is a valid place for groups that are paraphyletic. These would contain their most recent common ancestor but not all the descendants of that ancestor.

## Notes
Mark Boal

**Mark Boal** (born January 23, 1973) is an American journalist, screenwriter and film producer. Boal won 2 Academy Awards in 2009 for The Hurt Locker in the categories of Best Writing (Original Screenplay) and Best Picture.

## Filmography
**The Hurt Locker* (screenplay, producer) (2009)
**In the Valley of Elah* (based on story by Boal and Paul Haggis) (2007)
Vampirates

***Vampirates*** is a series of young adult fantasy books. It is written by British author Justin Somper. The series is about two twin children, Connor and Grace Tempest, who get separated at sea. They are saved by two very different ships. Connor is saved by a normal pirate ship called the Diablo, Grace by the mythical Vampirate ship called the Nocturne. The word *Vampirate* refers to a vampire living on the Nocturne.
## References
## Other websites
*
*
Sidney Lumet

**Sidney Lumet** (June 25, 1924 – April 9, 2011) was an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He directed more than 200 plays for live television. He also directed more than 40 movies. His movies include *Serpico*, *Dog Day Afternoon*, *12 Angry Men*, *Network*, *Prince of the City* and *Q&A*. He died of lymphoma in New York City.

## References
## Other websites
*
Incertae sedis

is a fungus called Elder Whitewash (*Hyphodontia sambuci*). It is little researched, and might be put *incertae sedis* in the basidiomycetes.]]

In taxonomy, the term ***incertae sedis*** (abbreviated **inc. sed.**) is used for a taxon when its broader relationship to other taxa is unknown. The first person who used the term in botany was probably Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu. In his book *Genera Plantarum* of 1789 he listed a few *plantae incertae sedis*. 

Reasons why a taxon might be classified as *incertae sedis* include:
*The description is not detailed enough to permit a clear classification.
*A scientific publication about a taxon does not focus on its classification. The taxon is labeled *incertae sedis*, because the authors of the publication do not want to *guess* where the taxon belongs.
*Different researchers may have different opinions of where a taxon should be classed. Until the conflicts are resolved, the taxon is classed as *incertae sedis*.
Dorudon

***Dorudon,*** whose name means "spear-tooth", was a genus of primitive cetacean from the Eocene period. It lived alongside its main predator, *Basilosaurus*.

They were about five meters (16&nbsp;ft) long and were most likely carnivorous, feeding on small fish and molluscs. *Dorudon* lived in warm seas around the world., Fossils have been found along the former shorelines of the Tethys Sea in present-day Western Sahara, Egypt, Pakistan, the United States, and New Zealand. Most finds have been in Egypt.

## Popularity in media 
To date, *Dorudon* has only appeared in media such as Sea Monsters and Walking with Beasts.

## References
Moeritherium

***Moeritherium*** is a extinct genus of primitive mammals. It represents a very early stage in the evolution of elephants.  These prehistoric mammals are related to the elephant and, more distantly, the sea cow. They lived during the later Eocene in what is now North Africa.

*Moeritherium* did not look like living elephants. It was about as large as a tapir. It had short, strong legs, a relatively long body, and a short tail. The feet of *Moeritherium* were broad and had flat-hoofed toes.
Somatic nervous system

The **somatic nervous system** (SNS) is part of the peripheral nervous system. It controls various muscles and the sensory input from external stimuli 

The SNS controls  body movements by skeletal muscles. Its outgoing (efferent) nerves stimulate muscle contraction. Its incoming (afferent) nerves relay sensation from the skin, and sense organs to the central nervous system. This includes touch, hearing, and sight.

The SNS does not, however, control reflex arcs.

## References
ASEAN Basketball League

The **ASEAN Basketball League** (**ABL**) is a men's basketball competition in Southeast Asia, China, Hong Kong,  Taiwan, and Macau. Six teams compete, all from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Teams that participated in the first season were the Philippine Patriots, Thailand Tigers, SM BritAma, Kuala Lumpur Dragons, Brunei Barracudas and former National Basketball League (Australasia) team the Singapore Slingers. Similar to the Euroleague in Europe, the ABL has its own set of rules in terms of its roster and salary  Teams are allowed two players of non-ASEAN citizenship and two ASEAN imports. Teams are allowed to have a team of all local players if they want. The KL Dragons were renamed the Westports KL Dragons and the Thailand Tigers were renamed Chang Thailand Slammers at the start of the 2nd (2010) season. ABL CEO Kuhan Foo said that 3 teams may be a part of the ABL for the next season.

## Current clubs
### Former teams 
## References
Kuala Lumpur Dragons

The **Westports Malaysia Dragons** are a team in the ASEAN Basketball League. They are based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. They were previously known as the Kuala Lumpur Dragons and Westports KL Dragons. They are coached by Goh Cheng Huat. They play home games in the MABA stadium.

## Other websites
*http://www.kldragons.com/
National Basketball League (Australia)

The **National Basketball League** is a basketball competition in Australasia.
It's current sponsor is Hungry Jack's, so it is also known as the '''Hungry Jack's NBL Championship'''. It is the top-level basketball competition in Australasia. The Singapore Slingers once played in this league, meaning it is the first Australasian sporting league ever to have a team from Asia. The league started in 1979, and its most successful time is during the 1980s and 1990s. However, it started to struggle in the 20th century. At the start of the 2004/05 season the league had a deal with Fox Sports of Australia. On September 18, 2007, the National Basketball League had Hummer as their sponsor. one HD started broadcasting in 2010, the first time a game has been on TV for eight years.

## Clubs
### Current clubs 

### Former clubs 
## Sponsors 
### Naming rights 
* 1979 to 1987: none
* 1988 to 1991: Hungry Jack's
* 1992 to 2001–02: Mitsubishi
* 2002–03 to 2003–04: none
* 2004–05 to 2006–07: Philips
* 2007–08: Hummer
* 2008–09 to 2009–10: none
* 2010–11 to 2012–13: iiNet
* 2013–14 to 2016–17: none
* 2017–18 to present: Hungry Jack's

### Broadcasting 
Since 1995, the league has had a broadcasting deal for paid programming with Fox Sports of Australia. For free TV, they were first sponsored by ABC from 1979 to 1987. Then they were sponsored by Seven Network for three years, and then from Network Ten from 1992 to 1997. From 1998 to 2001, they were again sponsored by ABC. The league did not have free TV for almost a decade, until in 2010 when Network Ten HD started broadcasting. This contract ended in 2015. The current broadcasting rights are owned by SBS.

## NBLxNBA 
The NBLxNBA is an annual series involving clubs from the NBL and the National Basketball Association (NBA) of the United States. The series started in 2017 for each league's 2017–18 season, and each season includes between three and seven games. The games have previously always been held in the US and Canada, and are normally held during September and early October.

## References
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu

**Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu** (born 17 December 1948) is a Turkish former politician. He was the  leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the leader of the Main Opposition in Turkey. He has been the Member of Parliament for İstanbul since 2002.

He became popular with the documents about lawlessness. The CHP nominated him as candidate for Mayor of Istanbul in 2009 local elections, in which he gained 36.8% of all votes. Despite this result he could not be first. However this result was a big success for social democrats because they had not ruled Istanbul for many years and this city had become the power centre of AK Parti for long years. This popularity provided him with a great advantage. Upon Deniz Baykal's resignation in 2010, Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu became the leader with a record voting rate.

Firstly he took part in the Turkish general election in 2011. The Republican People's Party gained 25.98% of all votes with an increase of about 6 points. However, this was not enough to be ruling party.

## Other websites 
* CHP official website
Polemic

A **polemic** is a forceful argument or controversy made against one opinion, doctrine, or person. 

It is one-sided and extreme, not a debate or discussion. It often occurs in disputes. 

The word is derived from the Greek *polemikos* (πολεμικός),  meaning "warlike, hostile".  

## History
Polemic journalism was common in continental Europe, when defamation laws were less strict as they are now. 

To support study of the polemics and controversies of the 17th-19th centuries, a British research project has placed thousands of pamphlets of that era online.

## Related pages
*Apologia
*Critic
*Devil's advocate
*Dialectic
*Dispute

## Notes
## References
*
*
*
Republican People's Party

The '''Republican People's Party** (, **CHP''') is the oldest political party in Turkey. Their ideologies are social democracy and Kemalism.

They are currently the second largest party in the Turkish Parliament, with 132 out of 550 seats and they form the Main Opposition of Turkey. Their founder is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and their current leader is Özgür Özel.

On September 7, 1919, Turkish nationalists established a resistance organisation against the invasion of Turkey. On September 9, 1923, the organisation officially declared itself as a political party and it was the Republican People's Party.

## Leaders of the CHP 
* Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1923–1938); known as the "Great Leader and Eternal Chief"
* İsmet İnönü (1938–1972); known as the "Everlasting Leader and National Chief"
* Bülent Ecevit (1972–1980); known as the "Legendary Leader"
* Deniz Baykal (1992–1995)
* Hikmet Çetin (1995)
* Deniz Baykal (1995–1999)
* Altan Öymen (1999–2000)
* Deniz Baykal (2000–2010)
* Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu (2010–2023)
* Özgür Özel (2023–present)

## Other websites 
* Party official website
Thesis

A **thesis** (plural: 'theses') is a document written in support of an idea that is presented for discussion or disputation. In modern usage it usually refers to a document presented as a requirement for an academic degree or professional qualification. It presents the author's research and findings. In the academic context it means the same as **dissertation**. The term dissertation can be used to describe an argument without relation to academic degrees. The term thesis may also be used for  the central claim of an essay or other work.

## Thesis types 
There are different types of thesis for different fields, for example, if you are an English major then for your thesis you may be asked to write a short story, a media student can be asked to submit a short film.

A graduate thesis is also known as graduate dissertation. A student may work with a member of the faculty who has specialized in the relevant field.

A thesis may be much longer. In the French system, a thesis (PhD), also called "Doctorat" is generally far longer and is up to 500 pages long.

## History 
Originally, the words "dissertation" and "thesis" had separate meanings.  When, at ancient universities, the professor had completed his lecture, there would be a disputation. During this, students could take up certain points and argue them.  The position that one took during a disputation was the *thesis*, while the *dissertation* was the line of reasoning with which one supported it.

## Etymology
The word "thesis" comes from the Greek , meaning "position", and refers to an intellectual proposition. "Dissertation" comes from the Latin *dissertātiō*, meaning "discourse".

## References
## Other websites 
* en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ETD_Guide Guide to electronic theses and dissertations on Wikibooks
* Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations  (NDLTD)
* EThOS Database  Database of Theses available through the British Library
Follicle-stimulating hormone

showing hormone levels including FSH.]] 

**Follicle-stimulating hormone** (abbreviated **FSH** or sometimes called **Follitropine**) is a glycoprotein and hormone. 

This hormone is made by the pituitary glands in the brain. It is made in the adeno hypophysis of pituitary gland. In females it controls the  (making) process of progesterone and will cause the growth of follicles in the ovaries. In males, it will lead to the production of sperm. Other hormones control the release of FSH.

Luteinizing hormone will cause ovulation in females, or the production of testosterone in males.

## Related pages
*Peptide hormone
Charmin

**Charmin** () is a brand of toilet paper. It is made by Procter & Gamble. It is related to Tide in 1988.

## History
The Charmin name was first created in 1928 by the Hoberg Paper Company in Green Bay, Wisconsin. In 1950, Hoberg changed its name to Charmin Paper Company and kept making toilet paper, paper napkins, and other paper products. Procter & Gamble (P&G) bought Charmin Paper Company in 1957, but sold the right to make and sell it in Europe (where it is now called *Cushelle*) to SCA in 2008.

## Advertising 
Older American adverts had actor Dick Wilson in them. He played the fake grocer Mr. George Whipple. He told customers "Please don't squeeze the Charmin!" in more than 500 commercials between 1964 and 1985. 

The Charmin Bear began being used in 2000. This happened at the same time that Charmin became available in Canada. The Charmin Bear is now the mascot for Charmin Ultra Strong and Charmin Ultra Soft.

## European name change to "Cushelle" 
From February 2010, Charmin's European name was changed to Cushelle by SCA.
There is also a new mascot, Koala which is a koala. Cushelle adverts are voiced-over by Robert Webb.

## Environment
In February 2009, Greenpeace asked people not to use Charmin toilet paper. They said that it does not use recycled paper and uses ECF bleaching.

## German rename to Zewa 
In 2008, Charmin was renamed to Zewa in Germany. There was no mascot in the adverts. However, in the first Zewa advert, the Charmin Bear was seen.

## References 
## Other websites
* Charmin website
* Cushelle website
Henderson, Nevada

**Henderson** is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population of Henderson was 317,610 in 2020. Henderson is the second largest city in the state of Nevada behind Las Vegas. The city of Henderson is named after Senator Charles B. Henderson.

## References
## Other websites
*Official City of Henderson website
Primm, Nevada

**Primm** is a small unincorporated community in Clark County, Nevada, United States. Primm was featured in the video game, Fallout: New Vegas where it had Vikki and Vance Casino which was based on Primm's Whiskey Pete's and the Bison Steve Hotel which was based on Buffalo Bill's Casino and had the roller coaster.

## Other websites 
* Primm  on travelnevada.com
FSH

**FSH** may refer to:

## Medicine 
* Follicle-stimulating hormone, a hormone that affects the reproductive system
*Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, a disease that causes progressive impairment of muscles

## Companies 
* Fisher Scientific, a defunct American scientific equipment supplier
* Flash Airlines, an Egyptian airline
* Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, a Canadian hospitality management company
* Fox Sports Houston, a regional Fox Sports Net television station

## Other 
*Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, Japanese professional baseball team
*FastTrack Scripting Host, a software product for Windows operating systems
*fish (Unix shell), an "exotic" Unix operating system shell
Platybelodon

***Platybelodon*** was an extinct type of four-tusked elephant-like animals (Proboscidea). It is now placed in the  Amebelodontidae, a related group from the famous gomphotheres. These were large herbivores related to modern elephants. They lived in wet forests in Africa, Asia and the Caucasus.

These animals are commonly known as shovel tuskers. *Platybelodon* lived during the Early Miocene epoch, about 1510 million years ago, about the same time as *Deinotherium*, *Amebelodon* and the famous *Gomphotherium*.

## Palaeobiology
*Platybelodon* was previously believed to have fed in the swampy areas of grassy savannas, using its teeth to shovel up aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation. 

However, wear patterns on the teeth suggest that it used its lower tusks to strip bark from trees. They may have used the sharp incisors that formed the edge of the "shovel" more like a modern-day scythe, grasping branches with its trunk and rubbing them against the lower teeth to cut it from a tree. However, there is still speculation whether *Platybelodon* had two different sexes: male or female traits.

## References
George Reeves

**George Reeves** (January 5, 1914 – June 16, 1959) was an American actor.

## Biography 
Reeves was born with the name of George Keefer Brewer in Woolstock, Iowa, U.S., son of Don Brewer and Helen Lescher. He moved to California at a young age with his mother Helen. Reeves started acting in high school and then continued to serve on student productions. In 1943, 17 months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Reeves enrolled in aviation until the end of World War II, putting his acting career on hold. 

After a successful career, Reeves died on June 16, 1959. However, the manner of death is controversial. He was officially found to have committed suicide, but some people think he was murdered or a shooting victim.

## Career 
He began his career playing small roles in short movies and movies as Ride, Cowboy, Ride (1939 short). In the classic movie starring Clark Gable, Gone with the Wind (1939), Reeves played of role Stuart Tarleton. In the 1940 Reeves continued to make appearances in movies such as Blood and Sand (1941) with Tyrone Power, So Proudly We Hail! (1943), Winged Victory (1944), Samson and Delilah (1949), and the Western starring by William Boyd Border Patrol (1943), Colt Comrades (1943), Bar 20 (1943). George Reeves got his first starring role in 1948 movie Jungle Goddess (1948), as Mike Patton, an explorer rescuing a young woman who has been kidnapped by an African tribe. He also accompanied Johnny Weissmuller in the Tarzan saga Jungle Jim (1948).

In the 1950s Reeves starred in several movies including Rancho Notorious (1952) with Marlene Dietrich - Arthur Kennedy and directed by Fritz Lang, Bugles in the Afternoon (1952) with Ray Milland, The Blue Gardenia (1953) by Fritz Lang, and without being listed in the credits had a role in Fred Zinnemann movie, From Here to Eternity (1953) with Burt Lancaster, Reeves as Sgt. Maylon Stark.

## Superman 
He started work in television in 1948, and in 1952 he was hired to play the double character of Superman and Clark Kent in Adventures of Superman. The series was a success without precedent in American television and made Reeves famous. George Reeves played Superman for 102 episodes broadcast between 1952 and 1958.

## Television work 
Reeves had guest appearances in television series such as *Kraft Television Theatre* (1949-1952), *Believe It or Not* (1950), *The Ford Television Theatre* (1952), *Fireside Theatre* (1952), and *I Love Lucy* (1957) playing Superman.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Turkish people

The **Turks** (), also known as the **Turkish people**, are the world's largest Turkic ethnic group; they speak different dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus. There are Turkish communities in the Balkans as well.

## Culture
### Religion
 in Istanbul, Turkey, is a religious building.]]
Turkish people are predominantly Sunni Muslim, the largest branch of Islam. Majority of Turks are practising its Hanafi denomination. The most followed branch after Sunnism is Alevism-Bektashism.

### Traditions
Turkish traditions can be found in Turkey but can also be found in the other Turkic, the Balkan, and Western Asian countries. This includes oil wrestling, sünnet festival of circumcision of boys, belly dance, Karakucak wrestling, etc.

## Diaspora
There is a big Turkish diaspora. There are also large Turkish minorities in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Arab world.
Turkish people are the largest minority group in Bulgaria. There are large Turkish communities in the Western Thrace region of Greece, the Dobruja region of Romania, the Akkar region in Lebanon as well as in North Macedonia. Turkish people are also the largest ethnic minority group in Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, and in Germany (see Turks in Germany).

## References