open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Matanzas

**Matanzas** (Cuban ) is the capital of the Cuban province of Matanzas. It is located on the northern shore of the island of Cuba, on the Bay of Matanzas (Spanish *Bahia de Matanzas*). It is  east of the capital Havana and  west of the resort town of Varadero.

Matanzas is called the *City of Bridges*, for the seventeen bridges that cross the three rivers.

## References
Jamir Garcia

**Vladimir S. "Jamir" Garcia** (5 September 1978 – 26 November 2020) was a Filipino alternative metal singer-songwriter. He was the main vocalist of the metal band Slapshock. Garcia was born in Pampanga, Philippines. His career began in 1997. 

On 26 November 2020, Garcia was found dead at his home in Quezon City at the age of 42. The cause of death is believed to be suicide by hanging.

## Albums
**4th Degree Burn* (PolyEast Records, 1999)
**Headtrip* (PolyEast Records, 2001)
**Project 11-41* (PolyEast Records, 2002)
**Novena* (PolyEast Records, 2004)
**Silence* (PolyEast Records, 2006)
**Cariño Brutal* (PolyEast Records, 2010)
**Kinse Kalibre* (PolyEast Records, 2011)

## References
Carthaginian tree frog

The **Carthaginian tree frog** (*Hyla carthaginiensis*) is a tree frog from Algeria and Tunisia.  It lives in the northern parts of both countries, in places where there is plenty of water in the air.

Scientists say this frog is related to *Hyla meridionalis*.

## References
Carlo Ausino

**Carlo Ausino** (20 July 1938 – 22 November 2020) was an Italian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Messina, Kingdom of Italy. His career began in the 1960s. His best known works were *Double Game* (1977) and *Tony: Another Double Game* (1980).

Ausino died in Turin, Italy on 22 November 2020 at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Errol Morris

**Errol Mark Morris** (born February 5, 1948) is an American movie director. He is known for documentaries. His 1988 documentary *The Thin Blue Line* is said to be the best and most documentaries ever made. 

In 2003, his documentary movie *The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara* won the Oscar for Best Documentary Feature.

Morris is partially blind on one eye due to strabismus.

## Writings 
Morris has published articles on *The New York Times* website. The book *Believing is Seeing: Observations on the Mysteries of Photography,* was published by Penguin Press in 2011. The book is a collection of essays.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hewlett, New York

**Hewlett** is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York on the South Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2020 Census, the CDP population was 7,262.

## References
Strabismus

**Strabismus** is a condition in which the eyes do not line up with each other when looking at an object.

## References
John Connolly (FBI)

**John Joseph Connolly Jr.** (born August 1, 1940) is an American former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent. 

He was convicted of racketeering, obstruction of justice, and murder charges caused from his relationship with James "Whitey" Bulger, Steve Flemmi, and the Winter Hill Gang.

## References
Stephen Flemmi

**Stephen Joseph Flemmi** (born June 9, 1934) is an Italian-American gangster. He was part of the Winter Hill Gang and worked with mob boss Whitey Bulger. 

Beginning in 1975, Flemmi was a top informant for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

## References
Rory Cochrane

**Rory Cochrane** (born February 28, 1972) is an American actor. He was born in Syracuse, New York. He is known for playing Ron Slater in *Dazed and Confused*, Lucas in *Empire Records*, Lee Schatz in *Argo*, Freck in *A Scanner Darkly* and Tim Speedle in *CSI: Miami*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Scotch-Irish Americans

**Scotch-Irish** (or **Scots-Irish**) **Americans** are American descendants of Ulster Protestants who immigrated from northern Ireland to America during the 18th and 19th centuries, whose ancestors had originally migrated mainly from the Scottish Lowlands and northern England (and sometimes from the Anglo-Scottish border).

## References
Cornish Americans

**Cornish Americans** (Cornish: *Kernowyon yn Amerika*) are Americans who describe themselves as having Cornish ancestry, an ethnic group of Brittonic Celts native to Cornwall and the Scilly Isles in the United Kingdom.
Romanian Americans

**Romanian Americans** are Americans who have Romanian ancestry. According to the 2017 American Community Survey, 478,278 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry.

## References
French-Canadian Americans

**French-Canadian Americans** (also referred to as **Franco-Canadian Americans** or **Canadien Americans**) are Americans of French-Canadian descent. About 2.1 million U.S. residents cited this ancestry in the 2010 U.S. Census; most of them speak French at home. 

Most Americans of French-Canadian descent are mostly in New England and the Midwest. Their ancestors mostly arrived in the United States from Quebec between 1840 and 1930 though some families had become established as early as the 17th and the 18th centuries.

## References
Pericarditis

**Pericarditis** (pronunciation: peri·car·di·tis) is a heart condition. It is the inflammation of the pericardium, the tissue (sack) surrounding the heart.

## Signs and Symptoms
Pericarditis can be acute pericarditis or chronic pericarditis. A typical symptom of acute pericarditis is a sharp, pricking chest pain taking place rapidly. It is felt in the left side of chest or the middle in women unless the pain is radiating. The pain could go (radiate) to the upper back or be on the chest (and it may depend on sitting/standing forward or straight posture). There may be pain in one or both shoulders, abdomen, back, and neck.

## References
Dante's Inferno (1935 movie)

'''''Dante's Inferno'''* is a 1935 American drama movie directed by Harry Lachman and was based on the 14th century poem *Divine Comedy'' by Dante Alighieri. It stars Spencer Tracy, Claire Trevor, Henry B. Walthall, Alan Dinehart, Rita Hayworth, Don Ameche, Willard Robertson, Scotty Beckett and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
The Yellow Mask

***The Yellow Mask*** is a 1930 British musical movie directed by Harry Lachman and was based on the 1927 novel ''The Traitor's Gate'' by Edgar Wallace and adapted into a play of the same name in 1928. It stars Lupino Lane, Dorothy Seacombe, Warwick Ward, Haddon Mason, Frank Cochrane, Wallace Lupino and was distributed by Wardour Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Ernesto Geisel

**Ernesto Beckmann Geisel** (, ; August 3, 1907 – September 12, 1996) was a Brazilian Army officer and politician. He was President of Brazil from 1974 to 1979, during the Brazilian military government.

## References
Limba noastră

"**Limba noastră**" (, meaning "Our Language") is the national anthem of Moldova. Before it became the country's national anthem in 1995, another national anthem – the same one used by neighbouring Romania – was used. The lyrics of "Limba noastră" were written by Alexei Mateevici a month before his death in 1917, and the tune for his lyrics was composed a while later by Alexandru Cristea in 1942.

## Lyrics
Only the first, second, fifth, ninth, and twelfth stanzas (each highlighted in **bold**) are officially part of the Moldovan national anthem.

## References
Romanian alphabet

The **Romanian alphabet** is a variant of the Latin alphabet used by the Romanian language. It is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters. Five of the letters (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been changed from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language:

The letters Q (*chiu*), W (*dublu v*), and Y (*igrec* or *i grec*) were formally introduced in the Romanian alphabet in 1982, although they had been used earlier. They occur only in foreign words and their Romanian derivatives, such as *quasar*, *watt*, and *yacht*. The letter *K*, although relatively older, is also rarely used and appears only in proper names and international neologisms such as *kilogram*, *broker*, *karate*. These four letters are still perceived as foreign, which explains their usage for stylistic purposes in words such as *nomenklatură* (normally *nomenclatură*, meaning "nomenclature", but sometimes spelled with *k* instead of *c* if referring to members of the Communist leadership in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries, as *Nomenklatura* is used in English).

In cases where the word is a direct borrowing having diacritical marks not present in the above alphabet, official spelling tends to favor their use (*München*, *Angoulême* etc., as opposed to the use of *Istanbul* over *İstanbul*).

## References
The Face in the Sky

***The Face in the Sky*** is a 1933 American romantic comedy movie directed by Harry Lachman and starring Spencer Tracy, Marian Nixon, Stuart Erwin, Sam Hardy, Sarah Padden, Guy Usher. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Plot 
The film is about two sign painters (Spencer Tracy and Stuart Erwin) who find themselves blackmailed by a beautiful woman (Marian Nixon) determined to force Tracy's character into marriage. The film was directed by Harry Lachman and released by Fox Film.

## Other websites
*
S-comma

(upper row) and cedilla (lower row) in the Times New Roman font. Note that the cedilla is placed higher than the comma.]]

**S-comma** (majuscule: **Ș**, minuscule: **ș**) is a letter which is part of the Romanian alphabet, used to represent the sound , the voiceless postalveolar fricative (like *sh* in *shoe*).

## History 
, T-cedilla and a cedilla illustrated with a comma in *Ortografia limbei române* published by the Romanian Academy in 1895.]]
The letter was proposed in the *Buda Lexicon*, a book published in 1825, which included two texts by Petru Maior, *Orthographia romana sive latino-valachica una cum clavi* and *Dialogu pentru inceputul linbei române*, introducing ș for  and ț for .

## Unicode support
S-comma was not initially supported in early Unicode versions, nor in the predecessors like ISO/IEC 8859-2 and Windows-1250. Instead, Ş (S-cedilla), a character available since Unicode  1.1.0 (1993), was used for digital texts written in Romanian. In some contexts, like with low-resolution screens and printouts, the visual distinction between *ș* and *ş* is minimal. In 1999, at the request of the Romanian Standardization Association, S-comma was introduced in Unicode 3.0. Nevertheless, encoding for the S-comma was not supported in retail versions of Microsoft Windows XP, but a later European Union Expansion Font Update provided the feature. While digital accessibility to S-comma has since improved, both characters continue to be used interchangeably in various contexts like publishing.

The letter is part of Unicode's Latin Extended-B range, under "Additions for Romanian", titled as "Latin capital letter S with comma below" (U+0218) and "Latin small letter s with comma below" (U+0219). In HTML, these can be encoded by `&amp;#x0218;` and `&amp;#x0219;`, respectively.

## Use of the comma with the letter *S*
*Romanian
**The Romanian letter  (S with comma) represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative  (as in "show"). On outdated systems which do not support the glyph, the symbol  (S with cedilla) is used. Example word: .

## Character encoding 
## References
Ingrida Šimonytė

**Ingrida Šimonytė** (born 15 November 1974) is a Lithuanian politician and economist. She was the Prime Minister of Lithuania from 2020 to 2024. She is the second woman to hold the office. She has been a member of the Seimas for the Antakalnis constituency since 2016.

She was minister of finance in the second Kubilius cabinet from 2009 until 2012. She was a candidate in the 2019 presidential election.

## References
The Power and the Glory (movie)

***The Power and the Glory*** is a 1933 American drama movie directed by William K. Howard and starring Spencer Tracy, Colleen Moore, Ralph Morgan, Helen Vinson, Phillip Trent, J. Farrell MacDonald. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
*
*
*
Jang Song-thaek

**Jang Song-thaek** was a North Korean politician and general. Jang was the uncle of the Supreme Leader of North Korea Kim Jong-un through his marriage to Kim Jong-il's sister.

During the final years of Supreme Leader Kim Jong-il's life, Jang Song-thaek was believed to be the *de facto* ruler of North Korea until Kim-Jong un became Supreme Leader in 2011.

Jong and his wife had a daughter who was born in 1977. She went to study in Paris but refused to return to North Korea and killed herself in 2006.

In December 2013, the North Korean government accused Jang Song-thaek of not being loyal to the Supreme Leader, Kim Jong-un (Jong Sang-Thaek's nephew). Jong Sang-thaek was then executed by shooting on the orders of Kim Jong-un.

## References
CIS national football team

The **CIS national football team** was a transitional national team. It was created by the Football Federation of the Soviet Union in 1992. It would represent the Commonwealth of Independent States. 

## European Championship record
## Post-Soviet national federations
### National federation members of the CIS association
**1.**  Kazakhstan was an AFC member from 1994 until 2002, when they joined UEFA.

### National federations outside the CIS association
## Notes
## Other websites
*USSR National Football Team  (in Russian)
Man's Castle

'''''Man's Castle''''' is a 1933 American romantic drama movie directed by Frank Borzage and was based on the play of the same name by Lawrence Hazard. It stars Spencer Tracy, Loretta Young, Marjorie Rambeau, Glenda Farrell, Walter Connolly and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Shanghai Madness

***Shanghai Madness*** is a 1933 American adventure drama movie directed by John G. Blystone and starring Spencer Tracy, Fay Wray, Ralph Morgan, Eugene Pallette, Arthur Hoyt, Albert Conti. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
*
The Mad Game

***The Mad Game*** is a 1933 American crime drama movie directed by Irving Cummings and starring Spencer Tracy, Claire Trevor, Ralph Morgan, J. Carrol Naish, Matt McHugh, Kathleen Burke, Willard Robertson. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Russian Empire national football team

The **Russian Empire national football team** was the national football team representing the Russian Empire. It existed from 1910 to 1914.

## Managers 
*Georges Duperron (1910–1913)
*Robert Fulda (1914)

## Player records 
### Most appearances 
*Vasily Zhitarev, 8
*Nikita Khromov, 6
*Vasily Butusov, 5
*Andrei Akimov, 4
*Pyotr Sokolov, 4

### Goals 
*Vasily Zhitarev, 4
*Vasily Butusov, 1
*Aleksandr Krotov, 1
*Valentin Sysoyev, 1
Wake Up and Dream

***Wake Up and Dream*** is a 1946 American fantasy drama movie directed by Lloyd Bacon and was based on the novel *The Enchanted Voyage* by Robert Nathan. It stars John Payne, June Haver, Charlotte Greenwood, John Ireland, Clem Bevans, Lee Patrick, Irving Bacon and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Wake Island (1942 movie)

***Wake Island*** is a 1942 American World War II action drama movie directed by John Farrow and starring Brian Donlevy, Macdonald Carey, Robert Preston, William Bendix, Albert Dekker, Walter Abel, Frank Albertson and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1943.

## Other websites
*
*
*
Love Me or Leave Me

***Love Me or Leave Me*** is a 1955 American biographical musical drama movie directed by Charles Vidor and starring Doris Day, James Cagney, Cameron Mitchell, Robert Keith, Tom Tully, Harry Bellaver, Richard Gaines. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 6 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1956.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
The Arizonian

***The Arizonian*** is a 1935 American western movie directed by Charles Vidor and starring Richard Dix, Margot Grahame, Preston Foster, Francis Ford, Louis Calhern, Hattie McDaniels. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.

## Other websites
*
*
Laws of thermodynamics

There are four **laws of thermodynamics**. They talk about temperature, heat, work, and entropy. They are used in thermodynamics and other sciences, for example chemistry.

Thermodynamics has three main laws: the first law, the second law, and the third law. Then there was another law, called the "zeroth law." The law of conservation of mass is also an important idea in thermodynamics, but it is not called law.

Laws of Thermodynamics is an integral part of Chemistry, which not only explain the surrounding but also the infinite Universe which governs by the laws of chemistry and others.

## Zeroth law 
The *zeroth law of thermodynamics* says temperature is an empirical parameter in thermodynamic systems. It states the transitive relationship between the temperatures of multiple bodies in thermal equilibrium. The law says: If two systems are both in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

## First law 
The *first law of thermodynamics* is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic systems. The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another, but can be neither created nor destroyed. It can also be stated in the following form:The energy gained (or lost) by a system is equal to the energy lost (or gained) by its surroundings.

## Second law 
The *second law of thermodynamics* says that some things can't be undone after they are done. This indicates that entropy is real. It states that, in an isolated system, entropy can increase but cannot decrease. It can be stated as follows:Natural processes tend to go only one way, toward less usable energy and more disorder. 

## Third law 
The third law of thermodynamics *can be stated as:*A system's entropy approaches a constant value as its temperature approaches absolute zero.
Modular exponentiation

**Modular exponentiation** is about finding the value of the equation c = be mod m. This is the remainder when dividing be by m. It is the inverse function of the discrete logarithm. Because modular exponentiation is easy and fast, and finding the discrete logarithm is difficult, both are used in fields such as public-key cryptography.

## Right-to-left binary method 
When dealing with very large whole numbers, directly finding the result can be very resource intensive. We can make some optimisations to save computation power with principles like exponention by squaring.

Let's solve c = be mod m:

# If m is 1, then we know that c must be 0 because every whole number is divisible by 1.
# Pull the number 1 aside and name it r.
# Find b mod m and replace b with the result.
# While e is larger than 0 do the following:
## If e is an odd number:
### Find (r * b)\ mod\ m and replace r with the result.
## Halve e and round it down to the nearest whole number. Then replace e with the result.
## Find b^2\ mod\ m and replace b with the result.
# Your answer will now be r.
Young Tom Edison

***Young Tom Edison*** is a 1940 American biographical drama movie directed by Norman Taurog and starring Mickey Rooney, Fay Bainter, George Bancroft, Virginia Weidler, Eugene Pallette, Victor Kilian, Bobby Jordan, Spencer Tracy. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was followed up by 1940 *Edison, the Man*.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Prime Minister of Lithuania

The **prime minister of Lithuania** (, literally translated as **Minister-Chairman**) is the head of the Government of Lithuania. The prime minister is Lithuania's head of government and is appointed by the President.

## List
**Political parties and affiliations**:

## Notes
## References
Northwest Passage (1940 movie)

***Northwest Passage*** is a 1940 American western adventure movie directed by King Vidor and was based on the 1937 novel of the same name by Kenneth Roberts. It stars Spencer Tracy, Robert Young, Walter Brennan, Ruth Hussey, Nat Pendleton, Louis Hector, Isabel Jewell, Addison Richards and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Pierre Mercier (politician)

**Pierre Mercier** (2 March 1937 – 13 November 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. Mercier was born in Montmagny, Quebec. He was a member of the National Assembly of Quebec for Bellechasse from 1973 to 1976.

Mercier died on 13 November 2020 in Quebec City at the age of 83.

## References
Eitaro Okano

was a Japanese sprinter. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Okano died in Tokyo on 17 November 2020 from problems caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage at the age of 90.

## References
Fujio Akatsuka

was a Japanese artist of manga. He was known as the Gag Manga King. He won the Shogakukan Manga Award in 1964 for *Osomatsu-kun* and the Bungeishunjū Manga Award in 1971 for *Tensai Bakabon*. 

In April 2002 he was hospitalized for a subdural hematoma and was in a coma from 2004 until his death. On August 2, 2008, he died of pneumonia at a hospital in Bunkyō, Tokyo.

## References
Squid Noir

"**Squid Noir**" is the first part of the 9th episode of the 11th season of *SpongeBob SquarePants*. It was first shown on television on November 10, 2017. The episode is about Squidward's clarinet going  before playing at an open mic. The episode is shown in black and white. Before the episode was shown on television, fans were able to color the end of the episode. The first time the episode was on television, pictures that fans colored were shown at the end of the episode.

## Story 
Squidward tries to play his clarinet at the Krusty Krab to  for playing at an open mic. The  do not like the music and get him kicked out. Squidward tries to play in many other places, but no one wants to hear him play. He tries to play in his house, but his  Patrick does not want to hear him play. 

Before the night of the open mic, Squidward takes a . When he wakes up, he can not find his clarinet and thinks it was . He goes to SpongeBob thinking that he took it. SpongeBob shows that he was at his grandmother's house when it happened. Squidward and SpongeBob go to the Krusty Krab and do a  on Mr. Krabs. Krabs says that he was counting his money when it happened and could not have taken the clarinet. Squidward and SpongeBob go to a comic book store to search Bubble Bass. SpongeBob and Bubble Bass fight using action figures. Bubble Bass's action figure breaks at the end of the fight. 

Squidward goes back to his house. Patrick finds jelly on where the clarinet last was. Squidward, SpongeBob, and Patrick go to a field and find a jellyfish with Squidward's clarinet. Squidward gets the clarinet back and plays on the open mic that night.

## Reception 
The episode was watched by 1.855 million people when it was first shown on television. John Schwartz of Bubble Blabber liked the black and white look but thought that the episode was "too cliched" (not ). Blake Harper of Fatherly said that the episode is "a  " to the noir genre.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Uriah Adolphus Ashley Maclean

**Uriah Adolphus Ashley Maclean** (1 February 1944 &ndash; 25 November 2020) was a Panamanian Roman Catholic bishop. Ashley Maclean was born in Panama City. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1979. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Penonomé, Panama, from 1993 to 2015. He then was titular bishop of *Agbia* and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Panama, Panama, from 2015 to 2019.

Ashley Maclean died in Panama City on 25 November 2020 at the age of 76. 

## References
João Figueiredo

**João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo** (; January 15, 1918 – December 24, 1999) was a Brazilian military leader and politician. He was the 30th President of Brazil from 1979 to 1985. 

He was the last of the military regime that ruled the country following the 1964 coup d'état.

## References
Austrian Parliament

The **Austrian Parliament** () is the bicameral federal legislature of the Austrian Republic. It is made up of two chambers: the National Council and the Federal Council. 

In specific cases, both houses meet as the Federal Assembly. The legislature meets in the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna.

## Other websites
*The Austrian Parliament - Official Homepage
Federal Assembly (Austria)

The **Federal Assembly** () is the name given to a formal joint session of the two houses of the bicameral Austrian Parliament, the National Council and the Federal Council. It is chaired by the presidents of the two parliamentary chambers.

Since 1945, the assembly has only met to swear the elected President of Austria into office. 

## Other websites
*Official website
National Council (Austria)

The **National Council** () is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament. It is known as the lower house. The constitution gives the National Council with more power than the Federal Council. The 183 members of the National Council are elected by nationwide popular vote for a term of five years.

## References
Federal Council (Austria)

The **Federal Council** (, ) is the upper house of the Austrian Parliament, representing the nine States of Austria on federal level. 

It is part of a bicameral legislature alongside of the National Council. It can be compared with an upper house or a senate. It is less powerful than the National Council.

The *Bundesrat* has its seat at the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna. The Parliament Building is where the Federal Council meets in the Hofburg.

## References
The BFG (1989 movie)

***The BFG*** is a 1989 British animated movie produced by Cosgrove Hall Films. Based on the 1982 book of the same name by Roald Dahl. It was directed by Brian Cosgrove and written by John Hambley. The movie was first shown on 25 December 1989 on ITV in the UK.

The movie was dedicated to animator George Jackson, who had worked on numerous Cosgrove Hall productions prior to his death in 1986. This movie is also the last and posthumous role of Ballard Berkeley (voice of the Head of the Army), who died in 1988.

## References
## Other websites
*
Daria Nicolodi

**Daria Nicolodi** (19 June 1950 – 26 November 2020) was an Italian actress, producer and screenwriter. She was born in Florence, Italy. Her career began in 1970. 

Her best known roles were in *Deep Red* (1975),  *Inferno* (1980), *Tenebrae* (1982), *Phenomena* (1985), and *Opera* (1987).

From 1974 until 1985, she was in a relationship with Dario Argento. They had two children; including actress Asia Argento.

Nicolodi died on 26 November 2020 in Rome at the age of 70.

## References
Hafez Abu Seada

**Hafez Abu Seada** (; 1965 – 26 November 2020) was an Egyptian politician and human rights activist. He was Chairman of the Egyptian Organization for Human rights. He was known for his campaigns against torture and police brutality in Egypt. Abu Seada was also member of the National Council for Human Rights. He was born in Cairo, Egypt.

Abu Seada died in Cairo on November 26, 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 55.

## References
Tancredo Neves

**Tancredo de Almeida Neves** SFO () (March 4, 1910 – April 21, 1985) was a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and businessman who was the President-elect of Brazil in 1985, but died before taking office.

## Early life
Tancredo Neves was born in São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais. He was of Austrian descent. 

Neves studied at Colégio Santo Antônio, a Franciscan school. In 1928 he began studies at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais where he earned a bachelor's degree in Law, in 1932 and was a public prosecutor in 1933.

## Political career
He was Minister of Justice and Interior Affairs from 1953 to 1954, Prime Minister from 1961 to 1962, Minister of Finance in 1962, and as Governor of Minas Gerais from 1983 to 1984. 

During his time as a deputy, Neves was a critic of the military regimes of Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, Artur da Costa e Silva, Emílio Garrastazu Médici, Ernesto Geisel and João Figueiredo.

## President-elect and death
He was elected President of Brazil in 1985, but died before he took office.

Neves was supposed to be inaugurated as the Brazilian president on 15 March 1985, however the day before his vice president Jose Sarney became acting president after being sworn-in while Neves recovered from surgery. It was also reported Neves had stomach cancer, but his diagnosis was kept secret.

## Notes
## References
Aly Zaker

**Aly Zaker** (6 November 1944 – 27 November 2020) was a Bangladeshi actor, businessman, director and writer. He was the owner of Asiatic Marketing Communications Limited. He was born in Chittagong Division, Bengal Presidency, British India.

Zaker was a freedom fighter during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.

He was known for starring in the movies *Agami* (1984) and *Nodir Naam Modhumoti* (1996). He also starred in the television series *Bohubrihi* and *Aaj Robibar*.

Zaker died at a Dhaka hospital on 27 November 2020 from COVID-19, three weeks after his 76th birthday.

## References
Noëlla Rouget

**Noëlla Rouget** (25 December 1919 – 22 November 2020) was a French resistant and teacher. She spoke of her experiences in the 1980s in Switzerland, Haute-Savoie, and Ain. She was born in Saumur, France.

Rouget died in Geneva on 22 November 2020 at the age of 100.

## Written works
*"Paule de Schoulepnikoff" (1995)
*"Un bouquet en liberté pour notre Présidente" (2002)
*''Entre mémoire collective et mémoire familiale : l'héritage d'un trauma collectif lié à la violence totalitaire : étude exploratoire sur la transmission transgénérationnelle…* (2006)
**Retour à la vie : l'accueil en Suisse romande d'anciennes déportées françaises de la Résistance, 1945-1947'' (2013)
*"Le chemin du retour de Ravensbrück" (2015)
*"Noëlla Rouget, la force du pardon" (2019)

## References
Arthur Hervet

**Arthur Hervet** (11 November 1938 – 23 November 2020) was a French Roman Catholic priest. He was a member of the Assumptionists. He was known for his fight for Romani people. He was born in Bannalec, France.

In the mid-1980s, Hervet became chaplain of a Church boat in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine called the *Je Sers*. He founded the association La Pierre Blanche which helped the homeless and former prisoners.

Hervet died in Lille on 23 November 2020 at the age of 82.

## References
Teresita Sy-Coson

**Teresita Tan Sy-Coson** (born October 1950) is a Filipina businesswoman. She is the vice chairman of SM Investments Corporation (SMIC). The company is one of the Philippines' largest public holding companies. The company was started by her late father Henry Sy. Coson is also the chairman of BDO Unibank. She was recognized as ''Fortune's'' 50 Power Business Women.

## References
Celestino Vercelli

**Celestino Vercelli** (10 August 1946 &ndash; 26 November 2020) was an Italian professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1971 and 1976 Tour de France.

Vercelli died on 26 November 2020 at the age of 74.

## References
Cheng Pei-pei

**Cheng Pei-pei** (Chinese: 鄭佩佩; 6 January 1946 &ndash; 17 July 2024) was a Chinese actress. Popularly known as "Queen of Swords" and "Queen of Martial Arts Films", Cheng starred in numerous successful wuxia and martial arts films, and is widely considered cinema's first female action hero. During her six-decade career, Cheng starred in over 110 movies and 50 television series. For her portrayal of Jade Fox in *Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon* (2004), Cheng won a Hong Kong Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.

## Career
Cheng had her first movie role, starring as Liu Qiuzi in the 1964 Taiwanese drama movie ''Lovers' Rock''.

In 2000, she returned to international acting with her role as Jade Fox in Ang Lee's *Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon*. 

Cheng was the president of the King Hu Foundation before her death. 

In 2019, Cheng was diagnosed with corticobasal degeneration. She died from the disease on 17 July 2024 in San Francisco, California at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Cheng Pei-pei entry at Lovehkfilm.com
Tzi Ma

**Tzi Ma** (; born June 10, 1962) is a Hong Kong-American actor.

He is well known for his roles in television shows, such as *The Man in the High Castle* and *24*.

He also starred in the movies ''Dante's Peak*, *Rush Hour*, *Rush Hour 3*, *Arrival*, *The Farewell*, and *Tigertail''.

His family moved to New York City in 1967 due to political problems in Hong Kong.

## References
Common Chinese tree frog

The **common Chinese tree frog** or **Chinese tree toad** (*Hyla chinensis*) is a tree frog from China.  People have seen it in the middle of China and in parts of Taiwan and Vietnam.  It lives between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.

The adult frog is 25 to 33 cm long from nose to rear end.  The female frogs are larger than the male frogs.  This frog has a wide head.  This frog is dark green on the back with a yellow belly and a brown mouth.  It has a black stripe near each eye and black spots on its sides.  Adult frogs sit in trees, smaller plants, and rice fields, sometimes in groups.

Scientists say this frog is related to *Hyla arborea*.

## References
Order of Nine Angles

The **Order of Nine Angles** (also called **ONA** or **O9A**) is a Satanic group based in the United Kingdom. The group say that the organization was created in the 1960s. The organization became popular in the 1980s, because of its Neo-Nazi beliefs.

The ONA believe that human history can be broken up into nine aeons - groups of time each representing a human civilization.  They want to create a government based on Satanism, Fascism and Social Darwinism, which is the idea that both people and countries succeed because they are naturally better than other people or countries. (Social Darwinism has been proven to be wrong.)  Some parts of the ONA say people should rape women and children.  According to the BBC, pedophiles have joined the ONA.

The government of the United Kingdom says one part of the ONA, the Sonnenkrieg Division, is a terrorist organization.  The Sonnenkrieg Division is now illegal in the United Kingdom.

## References
Dimitar Largov

**Dimitar Simeonov Largov** (; 10 September 1936 – 26 November 2020) was a Bulgarian football midfielder. He played for Bulgaria in the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Septemvri Sofia and Slavia Sofia. 

He also competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Largov died on 26 November 2020 at the age of 84.

## References
Parviz Poorhosseini

**Parviz Poorhosseini** (Persian: پرویز پورحسینی, September 11, 1941 – November 27, 2020) was an Iranian actor. He was best known for his roles in *Bashu, the Little Stranger* (1989), *The Fifth Season* (1997) and *Saint Mary* (1997). Poorhosseini had appeared in more than 35 movies, over 70 TV shows and 60 theater performances. 

Poorhosseini died in Tehran on November 27, 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
Yoshimitsu Banno

was a Japanese movie director and screenwriter. He was known for directing and writing the cult-classic *Godzilla vs. Hedorah*.

He was an executive producer on the Legendary Pictures's American *Godzilla* movies, *Godzilla* (2014) and *Godzilla: King of the Monsters* (2019). He was born in Imabari, Japan.

Banno died of problems caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage in Kawasaki, Japan on May 7, 2017 at the age of 86.

## References
Wang Jianlin

**Wang Jianlin** (Chinese: 王健林; born 24 October 1954) is a Chinese billionaire businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He is the founder of Dalian Wanda Group. It is China's largest real estate development company.

## References
Roshni Nadar

**Roshni Nadar Malhotra** (born 1980/1981) is an Indian businesswoman. She is the wealthiest woman in India and the chairperson of HCL Technologies. She is the first woman to a publicly-listed IT company in India. In 2019, Nadar ranked 54th on the Forbes World's 100 Most Powerful Women list.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Kamen Tchanev

**Kamen Tchanev** () (27 August 1964 &ndash; 26 November 2020) was a Bulgarian operatic tenor. He was born in Sliven, Bulgaria. He won the Jussi Björling International Competition for Tenors in 1994. 

Tchanev made recordings for the Bulgarian National Radio, RAI-2, Italy and in 1999 he recorded with Plovdiv Philharmonic Orchestra, Nayden Todorov conducting a CD production for the American label MMO. His career began in 1993.

Tchanev died on 26 November 2020 in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria from COVID-19, aged 56.

## References
Léon, Landes

**Léon** is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south-western France.  

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Landes department

## References
Hatzegopteryx

***Hatzegopteryx*** ("Hațeg basin wing") is a genus of azhdarchid pterosaur. It was found in Transylvania, Romania. It is known only from the type species, ***Hatzegopteryx thambema***, named in 2002 based on parts of the skull and humerus. Additional fossils, including a neck vertebra, were included later. The largest of these remains shows that the Hatzegopteryx was one of the biggest pterosaurs, with an estimated wingspan of .

It is unusual because it had a very wide skull with large muscular attachments. The bones had a soft internal texture instead of being hollow. it had a short, robust, and heavily muscled neck  long. This short neck was about half the length of other azhdarchids. The neck could withstand strong bending forces. *Hatzegopteryx* lived on Hațeg Island, an island in the Cretaceous subtropics within the prehistoric Tethys Sea. It was probably the apex predator of Hațeg Island, tackling larger prey (including dwarf titanosaurs and iguanodontians) than other azhdarchids.

## References
Heart Evangelista

**Love Marie Payawal Ongpauco-Escudero** (born February 14, 1985) known as **Heart Evangelista** is a Filipina actress and TV host. She is married to Chiz Escudero and also referred to as the first lady of Sorsogon.

## References
Norwegian Americans

**Norwegian Americans** (Bokmål: Norskamerikanere, Nynorsk: Norskamerikanarar) are Americans with ancestral roots in Norway.  Norwegian immigrants went to the United States mostly in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century.

## References
Dutch Americans

**Dutch Americans** (Dutch: *Nederlandse Amerikanen*), not to be confused with the Pennsylvania Dutch, are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from the Netherlands. Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam, which was exchanged with the English for Suriname at the Treaty of Breda (1667) and renamed to New York City. The English split the Dutch colony of New Netherland into two pieces, and named them New York and New Jersey. More immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries.

## References
Sheila Nelson

**Sheila Mary Nelson** (5 March 1936 &ndash; 16 November 2020) was an English musician, music educator, writer and composer. She had played with the English Chamber Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and the Menuhin Festival Orchestra.

She was best known as a violin and viola teacher. 

Nelson was co-author of the *Essential String Method* series and author/composer of many other music instruction books, published by Boosey & Hawkes. 

She was an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music (Hon RAM).

Nelson died on 16 November 2020 from Alzheimer's disease.

## References
Claire Boudreau

**Claire Boudreau**,  (1965 – 18 November 2020) was a Canadian historian, genealogist, and officer of arms. She was a herald in the Canadian Heraldic Authority from 17 March 1997 until 20 May 2020.

On May 20, 2020, Boudreau was appointed Margaree-Chéticamp herald emeritus and succeeded as Chief Herald of Canada by Samy Khalid.

On 18 November 2020, she died from cancer at the age of 55.

## References
English Shepherd

The **English shepherd** or **farm collie**, is a breed of dog from the United States.  Even though it is called English, it is not from England. British settlers brought its ancestors to the New World when the British colonized North America.

The UKC Breed Standard for this dog breed, requires:

• The head is to be of medium length, and slightly rounded between the ears. The head and neck are carried slightly raised. 

• The skull is wide and flat above the eyes, broad between the ears.

• Teeth are "strong and regular".

• Ears to be wide at the base.

• Eyes are dark or medium brown, slightly round. Expresses character "strong and intelligently".

• Neck to be well-muscled, and arched.

• Shoulders well laid back, shoulder blade and upper arm of equal length.

• Legs are straight and muscular, not too short.

• Body length is about the same as the height of the withers, (ridge of shoulder blades). Chest is deep, extending down to the elbows. Topline level, ribs well sprung.

• Wide and muscular hindquarters, very compact.

• Feet are compact and round, arched toes.

• Tail moderately long, with the tip reaching to the hock joint. Slight curve, but when dog is at rest should not be held straight up.

• Coat glossy, thick and soft. It may be straight, wavy or curly, except for the face and skull. Fully covers body, good furnishing on hind legs. Tail rather plum, undercoat soft and fine.

## References
Camilla Wicks

**Camilla Dolores Wicks** (August 9, 1928 – November 25, 2020) was an American violinist. She was one of the first female violinists to create a major international career. Her performing career included solo appearances with leading European and American symphony orchestras including the New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra and Chicago Symphony Orchestra.

Wicks died on November 25, 2020 at the age of 92.

## References
George H. Carley

**George Holmes Carley** (September 24, 1938 – November 26, 2020) was an American lawyer and judge. He was born in Jackson, Mississippi. Carley was on the Supreme Court of Georgia from March 1993 until July 2012. He also was acting as Chief Justice for the last two months of his term.

On November 26, 2020, Carley died of COVID-19 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 82.

## References
Alfonso Milián Sorribas

**Alfonso Milián Sorribas** (15 January 1939 &ndash; 26 November 2020) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in La Cuba, Spain. He became a priest in 1962.

He was titular bishop of *Diana* and as Auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza, Spain, from 2000 to 2004 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Barbastro-Monzón, Spain, from 2004 to 2014.

Milián Sorribas died on 26 November 2020 in Zaragoza, Spain at the age of 81.

## References
Kevin Burnham

**Kevin Lobdell Burnham** (December 21, 1956 – November 27, 2020) was an American two-time Olympic medalist and was a sailor. He won the silver medal at the 1992. He won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Burnham was born in New York City.

Burnham died on November 27, 2020 from problems caused by lung disease, aged 63.

## References
Špiro Guberina

**Špiro Guberina** (1 March 1933 – 27 November 2020) was a Croatian actor. He was born in Šibenik, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. His career began in 1957. He was known for his roles as Marko in *The Secret of an Old Attic* (1984), Stari in *Agonija* (1998) and as the Priest in *The Last Will* (2001).

Guberina died on 27 November 2020 in Zagreb, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tony Hsieh

**Tony Hsieh** ( ; ; December 12, 1973 – November 27, 2020) was an American businessman and venture capitalist. He retired as the CEO of the online shoe and clothing company Zappos in August 2020. He became CEO in 1999. 

Hsieh co-founded the Internet advertising network LinkExchange, which he sold to Microsoft in 1998 for $265 million. He was born in Illinois, but raised in San Francisco, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada.

On November 18, 2020, Hsieh was injured in a house fire in New London, Connecticut, while visiting family for Thanksgiving. He was trapped in the basement during the fire. He died a week later on November 27 at a Bridgeport hospital from his injuries, aged 46.

## References
Rose Marie Battaglia

**Rose Marie Battaglia**  (1929 &ndash; 24 November 2020) was an American basketball coach. She coached at both high school and college levels, before retiring in 1989. She was added into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2018. 

Battaglia began her coaching career at Paramus Catholic High School in New Jersey. She also coached at Bergen Community College and at Iona College. She also coached at St Michael's in Union City and Benedictine Academy in Elizabeth.

Battaglia died on 24 November 2020 in Bergen County, New Jersey from lung cancer at the age of 91.

## References
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

The **Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps** (**IRGC**) ( or **Sepâh** for short) is a military branch of the Iranian government Armed Forces. It was founded after the Iranian Revolution on April 22, 1979 by order of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

## History 
Ayatollah Khomeini, the first leader of the Islamic Republic, was the founder of the IRGC. He did not wholly believe in the old army as they had been serving the King (the Shah) prior to the revolution. He desired a new army of troops who could be loyal only to the new religious government.

Gradually, the IRGC developed into a large group of volunteers to a mega organization, having its own army, navy and air force.

## Main Branches 
The IRGC consists of five divisions: 

* Ground Forces: The land army. 
* Aerospace Force: They are handling the planes and the impressive arsenal of missiles possessed by Iran. 
* Navy: They are in charge of the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf. 
* The Basij: This is a volunteer internal security and policing organization. 
* The Quds Force: this is a special organization operating beyond Iran. They operate with other countries groups such as Lebanon, Syria and Yemen.

## Power and Influence 
The IRGC is not only a military. Elsewhere it is powerful: 

* Politics: Many senior government officials in Iran were former officers of the IRGC.
* Economy: The IRGC possesses or runs numerous businesses, such as construction enterprises, oil enterprises and telecommunications.
* Security: It is their role to prevent demonstrations and maintain peace within Iran.

## Recent Events (2025–2026) 
Around the end of 2025 and early 2026, the IRGC acquired the position of the most significant element of the Iranian government. After the demise of the then Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, the IRGC played a central role in determining the new leader of the country.

Due to its involvement in foreign wars and perpetration of protests on its home territory, the IRGC has been considered a terrorist group by many nations and groups (such as the United States, Canada, and the European Union).

## Key Facts Table 
## References
Whistleblower

A **whistleblower** (also written as **whistle-blower** or **whistle blower**) is a person, usually an employee, who gives information about a private, public, or government organization, that is seen as illegal, unsafe, or a waste, fraud, or abuse of taxpayer funds. 

Over 83% of whistleblowers report to a supervisor, human resources, or a neutral third party within the company. A whistleblower can also contact someone outside of the organization, like the media, government, or police.

## References
Navy Petty-Officers School

The **Higher School of Mechanics of the Navy** (in Spanish, ***Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada***, commonly known by its acronym **ESMA**), was originally an educational facility of the Argentine Navy. It was used as an illegal, secret detention center during the Dirty War of military dictatorship.

## References
Australian Cattle Dog

The **Australian Cattle Dog**, or simply referred to as Cattle Dog, is a herding dog, and, as the name suggests, originates from Australia.

The Australian Cattle Dog is an extremely intelligent, active and sturdy dog breed. Developed by Australian settlers for handling herds of cattle, (also suggested by the name), they are still used today as a herding dog. They thrive on having a job to do, and being part of family activities.

## References
Two Years Before the Mast

***Two Years Before the Mast*** is a 1946 American adventure movie directed by John Farrow and was based on the 1840 memoir of the same name by Richard Henry Dana Jr.. It stars Alan Ladd, Brian Donlevy, William Bendix, Barry Fitzgerald, Albert Dekker, Howard Da Silva, Darryl Hickman, Roman Bohnen and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
*
*