open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Charlotte Rampling

**Charlotte Rampling** (born 5 February 1946) is an English actress. She has appeared in English language, French and Italian cinema. She was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2001 and received France's Legion of Honour in 2002.

Rampling's film career began in 1965. Her films include *Georgy Girl* (1966), Visconti's *The Damned* (1969), *The Night Porter* (1974), *Farewell My Lovely* (1975), Woody Allen's *Stardust Memories* (1980), Sidney Lumet's *The Verdict* (1982), *Angel Heart* (1987), *The Duchess* (2008) and Fred Schepisi's *The Eye of the Storm* (2011). She has been nominated four times for a Cesar Award, for *On ne meurt que 2 fois* (1985), *Sous le sable* (2000), *Swimming Pool* (2003) and *Lemming* (2005) and received an Honorary Cesar in 2001. On television, she starred in the 2012 BBC miniseries *Restless*, for which she received an Emmy Award nomination.

## Early life 
Bisset was born in Sturmer, Essex, England. Her birth name is **Tessa Charlotte Rampling**. She is the daughter of Isabelle Anne and Godfrey Rampling, a olympic gold medalist. She had one sister, Sarah, who committed suicide in 1966 at the age of 23.

## Other websites 
*
Hunter River (Western Australia)

The **Hunter River** is in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The headwaters of the river rise below Donkins Hill. The river flows in a south-westerly direction. It empties into Prince Frederick Harbour. Then the river flows to the York Sound and the Indian Ocean.

The river was named by the explorer Philip Parker King  in 1820. He was on the *Mermaid* while making charts in the area. The river was named after the surgeon on the *Mermaid*, James Hunter.

The river has two waterfalls. They are the Hunter Falls and the Donkin Falls. Both falls drop . A large rock formation is at the mouth of the river. The area is popular with tourism companies. Wilderness cruises operate in the area.

## References
Naat

**Naat** is poetry that speaks well of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Some famous scholars in the early days of Islam wrote Naat. People who recite Naat are known as Naat-Khawan or Sanaa Khawan. The practice is popular in South Asia in India and Pakistan. Naat is often recited in Punjabi, Sindhi, or the Urdu language.

## References
## Other websites
* Poetry Soup - Examples of Naat Poems
* Online Naat
Ones' complement

The '''One's complement'* is an operation that can be done to binary numbers. It is obtained by swapping all the bits in the number, that is, replacing *1* with *0*, or *0* with *1''. In many systems, this is used to represent the inverse of a number. One of the big problems that occur when using One's complement is that the number zero has two representations, either all 0's or all 1's. Using 4 digits both *0000* and *1111* represent zero. This problem can be solved by using Two's complement.
Sporting Cristal

**Club Sporting Cristal** is a Peruvian football team based in the Rímac district, department of Lima, Peru. It was started December 13th, 1955. Sporting Cristal plays in the Peruvian First Division. It has won 16 league titles.

## Honours
### National
***Peruvian Primera División: 16**
::**Winners (16)**: 1956, 1961, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2012.

::Runner-up (11): 1962, 1963, 1967, 1973, 1977, 1989, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004.

***Torneo Apertura: 1**
::**Winners (2)**: 1994, 2003.
::Runner-up (2): 2001, 2006.

***Torneo Clausura: 4**
::**Winners (4)**: 1998, 2002, 2004, 2005.
::Runner-up (1): 2000.

***Torneo Regional: 4**
::**Winners (4)**: 1988, 1989-I, 1991-I, 1991-II.

***Torneo Interzonal: 1**
::**Winners (1)**: 1982.

### International
***Copa Libertadores:** 30 appearances
:: Runner-up (1): 1997

## References
Annealing

**Annealing** is the name for a number of processes that change the properties of a piece of work using heat. In general the piece is heated to a certain temperature, and modelled while it cools off. Specifically, annealing can refer to:
*Annealing (metallurgy) when metals are treated
*Annealing (glass) when a piece of glass is heated to remove stress
*Nucleic acid thermodynamics when DNA-like structures are changed
*Simulated annealing is a method of combinatorial optimization to find the  of a function
*Quantum annealing is another method of combinatorial optimization
Interlaced video

**Interlaced video** is a method to display an image. Images are drawn line by line, and interlacing means that the odd lines are drawn first, and the even lines are "filled in" later. The two parts of the image are called *fields*, and are transmitted one after the other. 

Telefunken invented the method in the 1920s. Today it is widely used for displaying images and video.

## Example 

  Entrelacement exemple 0.svg|First the odd-numbered lines are drawn,
  Entrelacement exemple 1.svg|one by one
  Entrelacement exemple 2.svg|the even lines 
  Entrelacement exemple 3.svg|are drawn
  Interlace zoom.gif|Image composition as animation 
  Entrelacement modele.svg|The resulting image

## Related pages
*interpolation - guessing data values of a function
Earthenware

glazes over a white glaze]]

**Earthenware** is pottery which is porous (meaning water gets through tiny holes slowly). It was fired at a temperature which did not melt it into a glass-like vitreous form. So it is porous. Many types of pottery have been made from it. Until the 18th century it was the commonest type of pottery outside China.

Earthenware is a type of clay that when fired to make pottery is soft and can be scratched with a knife. It is opaque  and has an grainy edge when broken. It is generally easier to shape on the potter's wheel than porcelain. Due to its porosity earthenware must be glazed in order to be watertight. Terracotta is earthenware.

Earthenware articles may be thick and heavy or as thin as bone china and porcelain. They are not translucent and are more easily chipped. They are less strong than stoneware.

## References
Working dog

, in Tasmania]]
A **working dog** is a dog that was bred or that was trained to perform specific tasks, which usually help a human. Common tasks include herding cattle, but also performing search and rescue operations, hunting, or being employed as guard dogs. Hearing dogs and guide dogs help people who are deaf or blind.

## Types of Working Dogs 
* Assistance dog are trained to help people that are disabled in many ways, some guide people with bad vision while others assist with movement.
* Detection dog or sometimes named sniffer dogs are trained to detect stuff, such as drugs, bombs, and other dangerous items.
* Guard dog are trained to guard places and livestocks.
Josh Gorges

**Joshua Daniel Gorges** (born August 14, 1984) is a Canadian former ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the San Jose Sharks, Montreal Canadiens, and Buffalo Sabres. 

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Gorges played 4 seasons with the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL). During his time with the Rockets, he captained the team and helped them win the Memorial Cup in 2004. Gorges was awarded the George Parsons Trophy for being the most sportsmanlike player in the Memorial Cup tournament. Gorges also captained the WHL in the Canada-Russia challenge in November 2003.

He went undrafted but signed a contract with the San Jose Sharks as a free agent on September 20, 2002. On October 7, 2005, Gorges made his NHL debut with Sharks in a 6–3 loss to the Chicago Blackhawks. He played 2 seasons with the Sharks. On January 4, 2007, Gorges scored his first NHL goal against Dominik Hašek of the Detroit Red Wings in a 9–4 win.

On February 25, 2007, the Sharks traded Gorges along with their 1st round choice (Max Pacioretty) in 2007 NHL Entry Draft in exchange for Craig Rivet and Montreal's 5th round choice (Julien Demers) in 2008 NHL Entry Draft. On July 9, 2008, he signed a three-year, $3.3 million contract with the Canadiens.

On February 10, 2010, during a game against the Washington Capitals, Gorges was involved in an in-ice incident where he was hit on the left side of the head by a slap shot from Mike Green while attempting to block a shot. He was motionless on the ice for several minutes, with his head bleeding. He would be helped to the bench by doctors.

On February 19, 2011, He had successful reconstruction surgery on his injured right knee and he had to miss the remainder of the 2010–11 season. On July 22, 2011, during the off-season, Gorges signed a one-year, $2.5 million contract with the Montreal Canadiens. On January 1, 2012, he re-signed with the Canadiens with a six-year, $3.9 million contract.

On July 1, 2014, the Canadiens traded Gorges to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for a 2nd round draft pick in 2016, after Gorges refused to waive his no-trade clause to be traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs. After 13 seasons in the NHL, he officially retired from playing on January 14, 2019.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Silence

**Silence** means no sound that can be heard. It can also mean no communication.

A moment of silence is a common way to remember tragedies.

The right to silence is a legal protection for people being interrogated by police in some countries.

## Related pages 
*Moment of silence
*''4'33"'' - music by John Cage
Mr. Deeds

***Mr. Deeds*** is a 2002 American comedy movie. It was directed by Steven Brill and was produced by Sid Ganis and Jack Giarraputo. *Mr. Deeds* was released on June 28, 2002. The movie is a remake of the 1936 Frank Capra movie *Mr. Deeds Goes to Town*.
## Reviews
The movie received negative reviews from critics and holds a 22% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. *Mr. Deeds* was nominated for three Razzie Awards. The movie was nominated for Worst Remake or Sequel, Adam Sandler was nominated for Worst Actor and Winona Ryder was nominated for Worst Actress.

## Cast 
* Adam Sandler as Longfellow Deeds
* Winona Ryder as Babe Bennett
* John Turturro as Emilio Lopez
* Allen Covert as Marty
* Peter Gallagher as Chuck Cedar
* Jared Harris as Mac McGrath
* Erick Avari as Cecil Anderson
* Rob Schneider (uncredited, in two brief scenes) as Nazo
* Peter Dante as Murph
* Conchata Ferrell as Jan
* Harve Presnell as Preston Blake
* Steve Buscemi as Crazy Eyes
* Brandon Molale as Kevin Ward
* Blake Clark as Buddy Ward
* John McEnroe as himself
* Radio Man as himself
* Jennifer Tisdale as a Card Reader
* Al Sharpton as himself
* J.B. Smoove as Reuben
* Walter Williamson as Kurt
* Roark Crichlow as William
* Billy St. John as George
* George Wallace as NAACP administrator
* Aloma Wright as Coretta Keeling

## Production 
Due to the September 11 attacks, the World Trade Center was digitally removed from the shots it appeared in.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
*
Taylor Kitsch

**Taylor Kitsch** (born April 8, 1981) is a Canadian actor and model.

He is known for his roles as Tim Riggins in the television series, *Friday Night Lights*, Gambit in *X-Men Origins: Wolverine*, Lieutenant Alex Hopper in *Battleship*, John Carter in *John Carter*, Chon in *Savages*, Dr. Lewis in *The Grand Seduction*, Michael Murphy in *Lone Survivor*, and Bruce Niles in *The Normal Heart*.

He was born in Kelowna, British Columbia. His mother was a member of the BC liquor board, and his father worked in construction. Before becoming an actor, Kitsch played junior ice hockey for the Langley Hornets in the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL), before his ice hockey career was ended because of a knee injury.

## Filmography
### Movies
**John Tucker Must Die* - Justin (2006)
**Snakes on a Plane* - Kyle "Crocodile" Cho (2006)
**The Covenant* - Pogue Parry (2006)
**Gospel Hill* - Joel Herrod (2008)
**X-Men Origins: Wolverine* - Remy LeBeau / Gambit (2009)
**The Bang Bang Club* - Kevin Carter (2010)
**John Carter* - John Carter (2012)
**Battleship* - Lt. Alex Hopper (2012)
**Savages* - Chon (2012)
**Lone Survivor* - Michael P. Murphy (2013)
**The Grand Seduction* - Dr. Paul Lewis (2014)
**Bling* - Sam (2016) (Voice)
**American Assassin* - Ronnie "Ghost" (2017)
**Only the Brave* - Christopher MacKenzie (2017)
**21 Bridges* - Ray Jackson (2019)

### Television
*''Godiva's* - Colm (2006)
**Kyle XY* - Male Camper (2006)
**Friday Night Lights* - Tim Riggins (2006–2011)
**The Normal Heart* - Bruce Niles (2014) (TV movie)
**True Detective* - Paul Woodrugh (2015)
**Waco* - David Koresh (2018)
**The Defeated* - Max McLaughlin (2020)
**The Terminal List* - Ben Edwards (2022)
**Painkiller'' - Glen Kryger (2023)

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Zoni

**Zōni** (雑煮 or ぞうに), also often called *o-zōni*, is a Japanese soup containing mochi rice cakes. It is traditionally eaten on New Year's Day. Tofu, potato, chicken, kamaboko (boiled fish paste) and other ingredients are often added to the soup. This soup is made from kombu (kelp), katsuo (bonito fish) or niboshi (dried small sardines). There are two kinds of rice cake, round and square. The recipe depends on homes and regions.

## History
The tradition of eating *zōni* on New Year's Day began at the end of the Japanese Muromachi period (1336–1573). People eat it praying to Toshigami (the New Year God) for a happy year.
 
The word *Zōni* is written in the Japanese language using two *kanji* characters. Since the first, 雑 means "miscellaneous" or "mixed", and the second, 煮, means "simmer" or "boil", it is thought that the name comes from the fact that zōni is made with a mix of many items of food (such as mochi, vegetables and seafood) being boiled together.

## References
* www.gogen-allguide.com
* www.cookpad.com
Osaka Castle

is a Japanese castle which is in Osaka city of Osaka Prefecture. Most of the structures are made of wood. It is one of Japan's "Three Famous Castles." (The other castles are Himeji Castle and Kumamoto Castle.)

Toyotomi Hideyoshi made the people build Osaka castle in the year 1583 (天正11年). In 1620, Tokugawa Hidetada started to rebuild Osaka Castle and it finished in 1629. Osaka Castle had been destroyed by fire twice. First, The Summer Battle of Osaka (大阪夏の陣) in 1645. Second, during World War II. 

In 1948, Osaka castle's restoration was started. Now Osaka Castle tower is the symbol of Osaka town.

Today, Osaka Castle is surrounded by a large park with gardens, moats, and stone walls. The main tower is eight stories high and includes a modern museum inside. Visitors can learn about the castle’s history and enjoy beautiful views of the city from the top floor. It is a popular place for both tourists and locals, especially during cherry blossom season. 

## References
Momiji manju

**Momiji manju** is a type of steamed bun: a small cake stuffed with sweetened bean paste. It is shaped just after a Japanese maple leaf. It is a souvenir at Itsukushima Shrine on Miyajima Island, Hiroshima. It was first made in the last part of the 19th century. The origin of its name is Momiji-dani, which is a famous place in Miyajima.

## Ingredients
It is made from eggs, sugar, wheat, flour and honey. It has a bean jam filling wrapped in sponge cake. It is baked.

## Types
There are many types of fillings, including koshian bean jam, tsubuan bean jam, white bean jam, green tea, chestnut, cheese, chocolate and cream. There are also different recipes like raw Momiji and fried Momiji.

## References
*nishikido.co.jp
Lakehurst, New Jersey

**Lakehurst** is a borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, 2,636 people lived there.

## Geography
Lakehurst has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

On May 6, 1937, the German zeppelin *Hindenburg* was arriving from Frankfurt am Main. It caught fire at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station and burned up.

## Transportation
Lakehurst is at the western end of New Jersey Route 37. New Jersey Route 70 is the main highway through the borough. County Route 547 connects from the north.

Lakehurst is on the former Central Railroad of New Jersey Southern Division Main Line. The Barnegat Branch used to go from Lakehurst through Toms River and Beachwood down to Barnegat.

## Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Lakehurst include:
* Thomas Barlow (1896–1983), one of the first professional basketball players, he was inducted as a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1981.
* Rich Croushore (born 1970), former Major League Baseball pitcher who was born in Lakehurst when his father served in the U.S. Navy.
* Abel Kiviat (1892–1991), silver medalist in the men's 1,500 m event at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
* Juice Newton (born 1952), Grammy Award-winning American pop music and country singer.
* Richard Shindell (born 1960), folk singer / songwriter.

## References
## Other websites
* Lakehurst Borough web site
* Lakehurst Elementary School
* Data for the Lakehurst Elementary School, National Center for Education Statistics
* Manchester Township High School
Hiroshima University

**Hiroshima University** is a university in Higashihiroshima and Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It was founded on 31 May 1949. It has about 15,000 students.

## History
## Address
Kagamiyama 1-3-2, Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima Prefecture 

## Departments
*Faculty of Integrated Arts
*Literature Department
*Department of Education
*Faculty of Law
*Economics Department
*Faculty of Science
*Medical Faculty
*Dental School
*Department of Pharmacy
*Engineering Department
*Biological Productivity Undergraduate
*Engineering Department
**Mechanical Engineering
**Electric Engineering
**Biological Engineering
**Civil Engineering

60 percent of engineering graduates enter graduate school.

## Famous graduates
*Fujimura Osamu, the ex chief cabinet secretary, graduated from Engineering Department
*Shinoda Tsutae, developer of plasma display panel TV, graduated from Engineering Department
*Tanaka Takushi, He plays"manzai"with Yamane Yoshiaki, graduated from Engineering Department
*Murakami Kazuki, professional soccer player, he plays in Changi United FC
*Yukawa Kazuhiro, Screenwriter

## References
*univranking.scoolbus.jp
*www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Restless Heart (Whitesnake album)

***Restless Heart*** is the ninth studio album by English heavy metal band Whitesnake. The album was d in March 1997. It was the group's first studio album of new material in 8 years. The album charted at number 34 on the UK Albums Chart.

## References
Hagi, Yamaguchi

**Hagi** is a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. There are 50,089 people living there. Twin towns are Ulsan, Jeollanam-do Yeongam-gun in Korea, and Ühlingen-Birkendolf in Germany. Hagi holds a camellia festival from the middle of February to the end of March. It has a Hagi-ware festival in the beginning of March. 

## History
In the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, Yoshida Shoin built the Shoka son school, where he taught many famous people. For example, Kido Takayoshi, Takasugi Shinsaku and Ito Hirobumi. They became the Meiji Restoration leaders.

## Other websites
*Hagi camellia festival 
*Hagi at wikivoyage.org
*Shoka son school
Umaibou

**Umaibou** is a popular snack in Japan. It is sold for 10 yen a piece. There are many different flavors. It is popular with children and young men. It is sold also in Taiwan and South Korea. Because it is popular, there are many goods that relate to it, like lip balm or bath salts. 

## References
## Other websites 
*http://www.yaokin.com　www.yaokin.com
*www.osmkj.com
Shinsengumi

**Shinsengumi** was a military police force in Japan in the Edo era. Shinsengumi was organized by Katamori Matsudaira. He was an Aizu feudal lord. They were gathered to defend Kyoto against political opponents. Shinsengumi  became famous by the Ikedaya Incident. They became part of the army after the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown by a new government in the Meiji Restoration. Isami Kondo who was the head was arrested and punished. Toshizo Hijikata who was the subleader fought to the last battlefield in the Meiji Restoration. He was killed in the battle. Hajime Saito who was third section commander became a police officer in the Meiji Restoration.

## References
*chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp
Awa Dance Festival

The **Awa Dance Festival** is held in Tokushima, Japan. It held in the biggest street of the town from 12 to 15 August. It is part of the Obon festival. Both of men and women wear yukata, a Japanese traditional cloth. The man wear a Japanese towel. The women wear bamboo hat. They dance and walk with the musical accompaniment. Shamisens, flutes, gongs and drums are played around the city. Men and women dance differently. There are some groups called "ren". The groups have different styles of dance. There are some new groups called "niwaka ren". Beginning dancers can participate in Awa dance in niwaka-ren groups.  The Awa dance has a unique song. The phrase is "Odoru ahou ni miru ahou onaji ahou nara odorana son son". It means that "The dancers are fools. The watchers are fools. Both are fools alike so, Why not dance?" In brief, dancers invite watchers. 

## References
*www.ganshodo.co.jp
Monjayaki

**Monjayaki** is a popular Japanese food. It is made from flour mixed with water or Worcestershire sauce. Other ingredients are added such as cabbage. It is grilled. It is eaten in various regions. The main ingredients of Monja vary by region.

## History
Monjayaki might have been first made in Tsukishima, Tokyo. At first, it was made from only soy sauce, flour, and water. Now other things are added, such as a cabbage and cuttle fish.

## Other websites
*okonomiyaki-sc.com 
*otafuku.co.jp
Jugulator

***Jugulator*** is the thirteenth studio album by English heavy metal band Judas Priest. It was released in Japan on 16 October 1997 and the rest of the world on 28 October 1997. It was their first studio album since *Painkiller* in 1990. It's one of only two albums by the band with Tim "Ripper" Owens on lead vocals. *Jugulator* is the only Judas Priest album that has never been released on any major digital media website. This is due to SPV/Steamhammer  going bankrupt in 2009.

## Musical style and lyrics
The band's guitars were tuned down as low as C# and C. Musically, the album has more of a thrash metal-oriented sound. Tim "Ripper" Owens opines that *Jugulator* is a better album than 2008's *Nostradamus*.

"Some people felt there wasn't enough melody on *Jugulator*," remarked Tipton, "but we just weren't feeling very melodic at the time."

In 2018, Owens pledged to re-record this album and its follow-up *Demolition*. He he feels that his era of the band has "been erased". Ever since Rob Halford rejoined the band, songs from both albums have been left off the band's concert setlists,. Halford stated he is not opposed to performing the songs live though.

## Promotion
A music video was shot for the song "Burn in Hell". Over two minutes of the song was removed in the final video. "Jugulator" and "Blood Stained" were included on Judas Priest's box set *Metalogy*.

## Awards and nominations
"Bullet Train" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 1999.

## Track listing
## Personnel
**Judas Priest**
*Tim "Ripper" Owens – vocals
*K. K. Downing – guitars
*Glenn Tipton – guitars
*Ian Hill – bass
*Scott Travis – drums

**Production**
* Glenn Tipton – producer
* K. K. Downing – producer
* Sean Lynch – producer
* Recorded and mixed at Silvermere Studios
* Mastered at Whitfield Street Studios
* Mark Wilkinson – cover illustration
* Andie Airfix at Satori – design
* Ross Halfin – photography

## Charts
## References
Brazil in World War II

Brazil was one of the Allies of World War II. It was also the only Ally from South America to provide s. The country made  s to the war effort. They sent an expeditionary force to fight alongside the allies in the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy. The Brazilian Navy and Air Force helped the Allies in the Atlantic from 1942 until the end of the war in 1945. 

## Background 
At the beginning of World War II Brazil was neutral. They traded with both the Allied and Axis Forces. But after 1939 the war made trade with Europe difficult. They turned to the United States as a trading partner. They were organized as a division of the US Fifth Army. They had American ships through the Lend-Lease program. Of the 7,000 Brazilian sailors who fought, about 500 were killed in action. During the war the Navy protected 3,164 merchant ships. Only three were sunk while under their protection. Air Force pilots flew a total of 2,550 sorties. They flew only 5% of the missions in theatre. but they destroyed 85% of the ammunition dumps, 36% of the fuel depots and 28% of the bridges while they were active.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Brazilian Navy
* World War 2 Photos:  
*Brazilian Forces 
*Brazil World War II
Sakurajima

'''''' is active volcano in Japan, Kagoshima Prefecture. It is one of the most active volcanoes in Japan. It's 1117 meters tall. It has a population of 4766 (in 2005).

## History
The eruptions of this mountain have been recorded many times in history. The Great Taisho (大正) eruption in 1914 connected this island to a peninsula. 58 people were killed and 112 people were injured. These days, we can see a lot of eruptions.

## Living
The information about which way the wind blows is important to know if ash is falling or not. So, the Kagoshima weather forecast reports it. People in Sakurajima take a drill to escape from the island. Japan Meteorological Agency watches this mountain all days. We can see the latest picture from these cameras at JMA's website.

## Related pages
*Japan Meteorological Agency

## Other websites
*Kagoshima Meteorological Office (鹿児島地方気象台)
*Kagoshima City (鹿児島市)
Pope Alexander II

**Pope Alexander II** (born **Anselmo da Baggio**; ??? − 21 April 1073) was pope of the Catholic Church from 30 September 1061 until 21 April 1073 when he died. 

He was born Anselmo da Baggio in Milan to a noble family. In 1065, he wrote to Béranger, the Viscount of Narbonne, and to Guifred, the bishop of the city. He praised them for having prevented the massacre of the Jews in their district. He also reminded them that God does not approve of the shedding of blood. The same year, Alexander II warned Landulf VI of Benevento "that the conversion of Jews is not to be obtained by force." He also called for a crusade against the Moors in Spain in the same year.

He died on 21 April 1073 in Rome and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica. He was succeeded by Pope Gregory VII.

## References
Born 2 B Blue

***Born 2 B Blue*** is the fifteenth studio album by Steve Miller Band. The album was released in 1988. It was last studio album with label Capitol Records.

## Track listing
## References
Gagaku

**Gagaku** is  Japanese court music. Gagaku was brought to Japan from China in the 8th century. Most of the music that survives is classified as *Togaku* (music from the Tang Dynasty). They are performed as dance s and concert pieces. There are three type of wind instruments. They are Sho, Hichiriki and Ryuteki. There are mainly two kinds of stringed instruments, Koto and Biwa. Also there are three kinds of percussion instruments, Dadaiko, Shoko and Kakko. The wind instruments usually carry the melody. The two  drums called *dadaiko* are a  part of a Gagaku performance. 

## Spirituality
Gagaku music's most  piece is called *Etenraku* (divine music). Gagaku music is intended to bring spiritual healing to the ers. The dance is intended to bring a sense of elegance and . Gagakku is still performed at the Emperor's court in Japan.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Gagaku, Japanese Imperial Court Music
* Gagaku - YouTube
Battleship Yamato

The **Yamato** was a Japanese super battleship that served in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. Along with its sister ship, the Musashi, they were the largest battleships ever built.

## Super battleship 
Yamato was built at Kure, Japan. She entered service on 16 December 1941. It was one of five planned super battleships although only two were built: Yamato and Musashi. The allies had no clue Japan had built these monsters until they were first spotted.

Yamato was huge, even by the standards of todays warships and displaced 62, 315 tons. Yamato's armor was  thick. In June 1944 Yamato took part in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. In October Yamato was in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. During the battle she fired her guns at US escort carriers thinking they were full sized carriers. It lies on the seabed broken into two sections. The name Yamato lives on in the anime series Space Battleship Yamato.

## References
## Other websites 
* NOVA; Anatomy of the Battleship Yamato
* Sinking of Yamato (April 7, 1945)
Heidi (movie)

***Heidi*** is a 1937 musical-drama movie. It is about a Swiss orphan girl named Heidi, who is sent from her home in the Swiss Alps to Frankfurt, Germany, to live with Klara, an isolated wealthy girl in a wheelchair, under the watch of the strict housekeeper Fräulein Rottenmeier. Shirley Temple plays the title character. 

This movie was released on October 15, 1937.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
John T. Dorrance

**John Thompson Dorrance** (1873 – 1930) was an American chemist. While working at the Campbell Soup Company he discovered a method to create condensed soup. Dorrance served as president of the Campbell Soup Company from 1914 to 1930.

## Early career 
Dorrance was born in Bristol, Pennsylvania November 11, 1873. His parents were John and Eleanor (Thompson) Dorrance. His uncle started him at $7.50 per week. Dr. Dorrance also had to provide his own  and  for his laboratory. He wanted to perfect a method of canning soup and adding it their product line. In 1897 he invented condensed soup. At the Exposition Universelle in Paris that year, Campbell's soups won a gold medal. He died of a heart disease on September 22, 1930 in Camden, New Jersey.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Dorrance Legacy Of Control How A Patriarch Kept A Grip On His Company 
* John Thompson Dorran, Entreprenuer
Relational model

The **relational model** for database management is a database model based on first-order predicate logic. Edgar F. Codd proposed it in 1969. In the relational model of a database, all data is represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations. A database organized in terms of the relational model is called relational database.

The purpose of the relational model is to provide a declarative method for specifying data and queries: users directly state what information the database contains and what information they want from it. The structure in which the data is stored, and the task of responding to users' requests and retrieving the data is left to the database system, and is not visible to the user.

Most relational databases use the SQL data definition and query language; these systems implement what can be regarded as an engineering approximation to the relational model. A *table* in an SQL database schema corresponds to a predicate variable; the contents of a table to a relation; key constraints, other constraints, and SQL queries correspond to predicates.  Today, many database systems are different from the original model. Codd fiercely argued against deviations that compromise the original principles.

## References
Queanbeyan River

**Queanbeyan River**, a perennial stream in New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the Molonglo catchment. The catchment is in the Murray-Darling Basin. The river is in the Monaro and Capital Country regions of New South Wales. The river is  in length. The river catchment is . The Queanbeyan River and the Cotter River meet the potable water supply needs of the Canberra and Queanbeyan region. The two regions' water quality is protected under federal legislation.

It is said the Aboriginal Ngarigo people used a word that sounded like *queanbeyan* to name the river. The word meant "clearwater".

Queanbeyan river nsw.jpg 
Queanbeyan River Drive.jpg 

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Climax community

in Queensland, Australia is an example of a climax forest ecosystem]]

In ecology, **climax community** is a term for a stable biological community of plants, animals and fungi. 

After a process of ecological succession the vegetation in an area reaches a steady state. Its stability is not guaranteed: invasive species and climate change can cause changes. However, relatively, the system is stable.

This equilibrium was thought to occur because the climax community is composed of species best adapted to average conditions in that area.  The term is sometimes also applied in soil development. 

The idea of a single **climatic climax**, which is defined in relation to regional climate, originated with Frederic Clements in the early 1900s. The first analysis of succession as leading to something like a climax was written by Henry Cowles in 1899, but it was Clements who used the term "climax" to describe the idealized endpoint of succession.

## References
Vorontsov

. 

The **House of Vorontsov**, also Woronzow, Woroncow (Russian: Воронцо́в) is the name of a celebrated **Russian family** which were later given the rank of **Count of the Holy Roman Empire** in 1744 and became "Serene Princes of the Russian Empire" in 1852. During the reign of Empress Elizabeth of Russia the family reached the height of their influence and wealth and Elizaveta Vorontsova was later a mistress of Emperor Peter III. The family also had a large palace in St Petersburg built to reflect their wealth and influence.
Uranium mining

**Uranium mining** takes uranium ore from the ground for processing. Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia are the top three producers and together account for 64% of world uranium production. Uranium from mining is mostly used as fuel for nuclear power plants. Health and environmental studies show that radiation exposure poses a risk for uranium miners. In 1990, Congress passed legislation to help those affected by mining. As of July 2014, the price of uranium concentrate remained near a five-year low, the uranium price having fallen more than 50% from the peak price in January 2011, and reflecting loss of demand following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. Some plans for new mines and mine expansion have been deferred.

## Background
The worldwide production of uranium in 2012 amounted to 58,000 tonnes. Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia are the top three producers and together account for 64% of world uranium production.  Other important uranium producing countries are Niger, Namibia, Russia, Uzbekistan, the United States, China, and Malawi. The federal government eventually regulated the standard amount of radon in mines, setting the level at 0.3 WL on January 1, 1969.

Out of 50 present and former uranium milling sites in 12 states, 24 have been abandoned, and are the responsibility of the US Department of Energy.  Accidental releases from uranium mills include the 1979 Church Rock uranium mill spill in New Mexico, called the largest accident of nuclear-related waste in US history, and the 1986 Sequoyah Corporation Fuels Release in Oklahoma.

In 1990, Congress passed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA), granting reparations for those affected by mining, with amendments passed in 2000 to address criticisms with the original act. Because of continued low prices, in February 2014 mining company Cameco put back plans to expand production from existing Canadian mines, although it continued work to open a new mine at Cigar Lake. Also in February 2014, Paladin energy suspended operations at its mine in Malawi, saying that the high-cost operation was losing money at current prices.

## Its effect upon the Earth 
238U produces ~40% of the radioactive heat produced within the Earth.  The decay of 238U to daughter isotopes is extensively used in radiometric dating, particularly for material older than ~1 million years.

## References
Williamina Fleming

**Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming** (May 15, 1857 &ndash; May 21, 1911) was a Scottish astronomer.  She helped develop a common organization system for stars. She also and kept track of thousands of stars and other astronomical items.  Fleming discovered the Horsehead Nebula in 1888. Fleming died in Boston of pneumonia in 1911.

## Honors
* The lunar crater Fleming was named after her and Alexander Fleming.

## References
## Other websites
* Waldee, S. R.; Hazen, M. L. (November 1990). The discovery of early photographs of the Horsehead nebula. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 102: 1337 
* The Horsehead Nebula in the 19th Century, by Waldee 
* Cannon, Annie J. (November 1911). *Williamina Paton Fleming.* The Astrophysical Journal. 34: 314. 
* Fleming, Williamina Paton Stevens. Journal of Williamina Patton Fleming. 1900.
Kronk's New Groove

'''''Kronk's New Groove*** (also known as ***The Emperor's New Groove 2: Kronk's New Groove'''*) is a 2005 American direct-to-video animated musical comedy movie. It was directed by Elliot M. Bour and Saul Andrew Blinkoff and was produced by Prudence Fenton and John A. Smith. *Kronk's New Groove* was released on December 13, 2005. The movie is a spin-off and sequel to the 2000 animated movie, *The Emperor's New Groove''.

The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was nominated for Best Home Entertainment Production, Best Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production and Best Writing in an Animated Feature Production at the 33rd Annie Awards.

## Cast 
* Patrick Warburton as Kronk Pepikrankenitz (or quite possibly Kronk)
* Tracey Ullman as Miss Birdwell
* Eartha Kitt as Yzma
* David Spade as Kuzco
* John Goodman as Pacha
* Wendie Malick as Chicha
* John Mahoney as Papi
* John Fiedler as Rudy
* Jeff Bennett as Topo, Ipi and Gollum-Rudy (credited as additional voices)
* Bob Bergen as Bucky (credited as additional voices)
* Patti Deutsch as Waitress (credited as additional voices)
* Jessie Flower as Chaca (credited as additional voices)
* Anthony Ghannam as Huayna (credited as additional voices)
* Gatlin Green as Yole (credited as additional voices)
* Eli Russell Linnetz as Tipo (credited as additional voices)
* April Winchell as Hildy, Marge and Tina (credited as additional voices)

Additional voices were provided by Brian Cummings, Tress MacNeille, Travis Oates, Leily Sanchez, Ross Simanteris and Kath Soucie.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
*
In Mortal Hands

***In Mortal Hands: A Cautionary History of the Nuclear Age*** is a 2009 book by Stephanie Cooke.  The book says that nuclear energy failed to develop in the way its planners hoped, and explores the military and civilian sides of nuclear energy.  In the book, Cooke says that we are not close to solving the nuclear waste problem, and that "the billions spent by government on nuclear over the past sixty years crowded out other energy options". The book suggests that there are practical reasons why nuclear reactors are unlikely to provide a solution to the global climate change problem.

Stephanie Cooke has written about the nuclear industry since the 1980s, and is a contributor to the *Bulletin of Atomic Scientists*. There have been many media interviews about *In Mortal Hands*. 

## Related pages
*List of books about nuclear issues
*Nuclear power debate

## References
## Other websites
*In Mortal Hands 
*Nuclear Power's Global Expansion: Weighing Its Costs and Risks
Calling All Stations

***Calling All Stations*** is the fifteenth and final studio album by English progressive rock band Genesis. The album was released on 2 September 1997 through Atlantic Records. It was the group's first studio album of new material in six years. It reached No. 54 in the US during five weeks in the chart. *Calling All Stations* reached No. 2 in the UK.

## Track listing
## References
Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power

***Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power: A Critical Global Assessment of Atomic Energy*** is a 2011 book by Benjamin K. Sovacool, published by World Scientific. Sovacool’s book explores the global nuclear power industry, its fuel cycle, nuclear accidents, environmental impacts, social risks, and economics. There is a postscript on the Japanese 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Reviewer Mark Diesendorf says that one weakness of the book is the limited coverage of nuclear weapons proliferation. He says that governments of several countries (e.g., France, India, North Korea, Pakistan) have used nuclear power and/or research reactors to assist nuclear weapons development.

## Related pages
*List of books about nuclear issues
*List of books about renewable energy
*Nuclear or Not?
*Reaction Time (book)
*Non-Nuclear Futures

## References
## Other websites
*Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power  at World Scientific.
*Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power at Google Books.
*Nuclear Power's Global Expansion: Weighing Its Costs and Risks
Scarus ghobban

***Scarus ghobban*** is a member of the *Scaridae* family. *Scarus ghobban *is also known as the **blue-barred parrotfish**.  writers described them as 'parrot fish'.

## Description
This species is blue-green to green in color. It often grows to about .
It may have a central  on the dorsal and anal fins that is pink in color. The underside of the body may be pinkish or yellowish. There may be blue  around the area of the pectoral fin.

## Distribution
*Scarus ghobban* is found in  around Africa, the Mediterranean and Red Seas. They are also found in the Galápagos Islands and the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

## Habitat
*Scarus Ghobban* occurs in places with sandy bottoms. It also lives near reefs. Males usually live at depths of about , females live in deeper waters.

## References
Fleming (lunar crater)

**Fleming** is a large lunar crater on the Moon's far side. It was named after the astronomer Williamina Fleming (18571911). 

Fleming cannot be seen from the Earth. It lies about a crater diameter to the east-northeast of Hertz and is northwest of Lobachevskiy. The low rim of this crater is heavily eroded. The floor of the crater is also marked by a number of small impacts.

## References
Some Hearts

***Some Hearts*** is the debut studio album by American country music singer Carrie Underwood. The album was released on November 15, 2005 through Arista Nashville. Some Hearts stayed on the Billboard Top 200 for over two years. It sold over 6 million copies. it was the best-selling album of 2005, 2006 and 2007 by a female country artist.

## Track listing
## References
Carl Öst

**Carl Öst**, born 19 January 1908 in Alfta Parish, Sweden, dead 13 February 1988 in Ovanåker Parish, Sweden was a Swedish singer and musician. He played the violin and the guitar. He originally played folk music. He later switched to Christian music.

## Discography
### Albums
*1968 *Hemmakväll hos familjen Carl Öst*
*1971 *Carl Öst sjunger och spelar; Theofil Engström sjunger och spelar*
*1973 *Calle Östs bästa*
*1975 *Sånger för stora och små*
*1978 *Stugmöte*

### Singes and EP records
*1957 *Vi har kommit ombord*
*1958 *Nu är jag lycklig*
*1959 *Jag får räkna med Jesus i allt*
*1959 *Jag vill ha mycket, mycket mer*
*1960 *Han gör inga misstag*
*1961 *Härliga morgon*
*1964 *Jag seglar hem*
*1963 *Pelle*
*1965 *Sången om Jesus*
*1966 *Vi skall fara bortom månen*
*1967 *Han står vid rodret*

## References
Victor Kostetskiy

**Victor Alexandrovich Kostetskiy** (; 12 April 1941 &ndash; 6 November 2014) was a Russian and Soviet actor. Kosteskiy was born in Zhmerinka. He was known for his roles in *Wedding Krechinsky*, *Truffaldino from Bergamo*, and in *Treasure Island*.

Kostetskiy died on November 6, 2014 at the age of 74 in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

## Other websites
* 
* Biography  rusactors.ru
Tommy Macpherson

Colonel **Sir (Ronald) Thomas Stewart Macpherson** CBE, MC and Two Bars, TD, DL (4 October 1920 – 6 November 2014) was a Scottish businessman. He was a decorated British Army officer during and after the Second World War. Macpherson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Macpherson died on 6 November 2014 in Edinburgh, Scotland, aged 94.

## References
Alok Nembang

**Alok Nembang** (1973 - 6 November 2014) was a Nepali movie director. He was also a well-known music video director in Nepal for several decades. He was known for his movie *Kohi Mero* (2010).

On November 6, 2014, Alok was found dead at his home in Kathmandu in an apparent suicide.

## References
Juan Taverna

**Juan Taverna** (13 April 1948 – 7 November 2014) was an Argentine former footballer. From 1968 to 1971, he played for Estudiantes de La Plata. From 1973 to 1974, he played for Real Murcia. And for a few months in 1976, he played for Boca Juniors as a forward scoring only 3 goals.

## References
Alexei Devotchenko

**Aleksey Valerievitch Devotchenko** (Алексе́й Вале́рьевич Дево́тченко 14 October 1965 &ndash; 5 November 2014) was a Russian actor and activist. He was a member of the United Civil Front in St. Petersburg, the participant Dissenters. March 10, 2010 signed the appeal of the Russian opposition "Putin must go".   Participated in other political actions liberal direction.

On 18 November 2011, in his blog in the "Live Journal"  Devotchenko announced that refuses the title "Honored Artist of Russia" and the two State Prizes of Russia,were strongly against the policies of President Putin. On 5 November 2014, Alexei Devotchenko was found dead in his apartment in Moscow.

## References
## Other websites
* Alexei Devotchenko
* Aleksey Devotchenko   Online Film Teatr.ru
Ernie Vandeweghe

**Ernest Maurice "Ernie" Vandeweghe Jr.** (September 12, 1928 – November 8, 2014) was an American physician, a United States Air Force veteran and professional basketball player.  He was best known for playing for the New York Knicks of the NBA. He and his wife Colleen Kay Hutchins (Miss America for 1952) are the parents of former NBA All-Star (and former New Jersey Nets coach) Kiki Vandeweghe and grandfather of tennis professional Coco Vandeweghe.

Vandeweghe died at the age of 86 on November 8, 2014 in Newport Beach, California.

## References
Rick Rosas

**Rick** (**"Rick the Bass Player"**) **Rosas** (September 10, 1949 – November 6, 2014) was an American musician. He has played with Neil Young, Joe Walsh, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Rivers, Ron Wood, Etta James, and the short-lived reunion of the Buffalo Springfield, among others. Rosas was born in Los Angeles, California.

Rosas died on November 6, 2014, in Los Angeles, California from lung disease. He was 65.

## References
Hugo Sánchez Portugal

**Hugo Sánchez Portugal** (June 15, 1984 – November 8, 2014) was a Mexican footballer and sports commentator with Televisa Deportes. He was the son of former player and manager of the Mexican national team, Hugo Sánchez.

On November 8, 2014, he was found dead in his Polanco apartment.

## References
Penthouse

A **Penthouse** is typically an apartment on the highest floor of an apartment building. It usually takes up less than half of the entire (flat) roof of the building. Originally the word penthouse meant a small building with a sloped roof. The modern use of the word started in the 1920s in America. In the age of skyscrapers the "house" on the roof was called a penthouse. Another use for a penthouse is as a restaurant or Café. Their position on a top floor of a building allows for scenic views while dining. The Museum of Modern Art in New York City has a penthouse meeting area. A penthouse can also house a studio, such as a photographic studio.

## Building codes 
Under some Building codes a penthouse cannot be more than one-third the size of the floor below it. There is no limit to the number of penthouses a building can have. The only limit is the amount of space they can take up (one-third rule). Also, some building codes do not allow mechanical or electrical equipment to count as a penthouse unless they are enclosed by a roof.

## Gallery 

|Penthouse residence on a building designed by Le Corbusier, in Marseille
File:Marina City, Chicago.jpg|Marina City in Chicago. The penthouse houses the physical plant.
File:MoMa NY USA 1.jpg|Museum of Modern Art (NYC). The penthouse houses meeting space.
File:Hogg Building -- Also Called Hogg Palace.jpg|The penthouse was used for offices of the Hogg family businesses.
File:Penthouses 005.JPG|Paris penthouses.
File:Luxury penthouse patriarch.jpg|Stalinist luxury: Penthouse at Patriarchy Ponds, Moscow.

## References 
## Other websites 
* What does “penthouse” really mean?
* Office penthouses languish on market
* penthouse, Oxford Dictionaries