open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mark 77 bomb

, 1993.]]
The **Mark 77 bomb** (MK-77) is a bomb made in the United States.

## Other websites
* 'Dead bodies are everywhere', Sydney Morning Herald, 22 March 2003 - probably the first published report on Mk 77 use in Iraq
* Napalm by another name: Pentagon denial goes up in flames, Sydney Morning Herald, 9 August 2003
* US State Department Response to Illegal Weapon Allegations, 27 January 2005
* US lied to Britain over use of napalm in Iraq war, The Independent, 17 June 2005
* Parliament misled over firebomb use, Daily Telegraph, 20 June 2005
* *The Hidden Massacre* by Sigfrido Ranucci, Video documentary shows actual chemical bombing on civilians in Fallujah with testimony of interviewed U.S. soldiers - English, Italian and Arabic , Rai News 24, 8 November 2005
* US forces 'used chemical weapons' during assault on city of Fallujah, The Independent, 9 November 2005
Rauf Aregbesola

**Rauf Adesoji Aregbesola** was born on May 25, 1957 in Ilesa, Osun state. Aregbesola is a Muslim born of Muslim and Christian parents. He was the former civilian governor of Osun State from 26th of November 2010 to 26th of November 2018 and the 8th Governor of the state.

## Education
Aregbesola had both his primary and secondary education in Ondo State, he obtained a Higher National Diploma (HND) in Mechanical Engineering Technology at the Polytechnic Ibadan in 1980.

## Political appointment
He was appointed Commissioner of Works and Infrastructure, Lagos State by Senator Bola Tinubu who was the Governor of Lagos state. Aregbesola served as Commissioner from 1999 to 2007. In August 2019 he was appointed as Minister of Interior of the Federal Republic of Nigeria by President Muhammed Buhari.
Minnie's Bow-Toons

'''''Minnie's Bow-Toons''''' is an American animated children's television series. The series aired from 2011 to 2016 on Disney Junior. It is a spin-off from *Mickey Mouse Clubhouse*.

## References
Fumiko Ezaki

**Fumiko Ezaki** (江崎 史子; born 27 September 1971) is a Japanese judoka. She won the silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where judo was for women a demonstration sport, in the extra-light event. 

At the World Judo Championships she won the silver medal in 1986, 1987 and 1989.  At the 1990 Asian Games she became champion in the -48 kg category.

## References
Noriko Kitada

**Noriko Kitada** (北田 典子; born 10 August 1966, former surname is Mochida) is a Japanese judoka. She won the bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where judo was for women a demonstration sport, in the half-middleweight event. 

She won the bronze medal at the 1987 World Judo Championships, in the -61 kg event. In 1987 and 1988 she was All Japan Judo Champion.

## References
Shion Tamenaga

is a Japanese singer. She is a 9th generation member of the Japanese idol girl group Angerme. 
In 2014, she starred in the movie Lingering Memories.
Kerrye Katz

**Kerrye Daniels-Katz** (born 26 March 1961) is an Australian judoka. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where judo was for women a demonstration sport, in the Middleweight event. 

She won the bronze medal at the 1977 Oceania Judo Championships in the -57 kg category; she was Oceanian Champion in 1985 in the -66 kg category. She was Australian champion eleven times.

She was a judo coach.

Katz is the mother of judoka Joshua Katz and Nathan Katz who both competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## References
Julie Reardon

**Julie Frances Reardon** (born 6 June 1958) is an Australian judoka. She won the bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where judo was for women a demonstration sport, in the extra-lightweight event. 

She won the bronze medal, at the 1984 World Judo Championships, in the -48 kg category. She won a bronze medal at the 1990 Commonwealth Games.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Olympic Judo Sister Suzanne Williams and Julie Reardon put on an... News Photo -  Greg White/Fairfax Media June 22, 1989
Minimax

**Minimax** is a traditional machine learning algorithm that is used by computers to play strategic games. This simple logical algorithm is extremely powerful and since it uses the power of the recursive function of the computer, this algorithm is absolutely unbeatable. It is primarily used in games like chess, tic-tac-toe, Go, etc. However, in comparison to modern Neural Networks, and Deep Neural Networks, Minimax shows poor performance in big games like chess. However, in small games like tic-tac-toe, Minimax eventually outperforms the best AI.

## Origin 
The word "Minimax" comes from the abbreviated form of Minimizer-Maximizer. It is because, the algorithm uses 2 agents- Minimizer and Maximizer- to predict a game move.

## Working 
The working of Minimax is divided into 2 parts- Minimizer and the Maximizer. 

In abstract, this algorithm calculates all possible combination of moves a player can play in a certain state of the game, and chooses the best possible move by simply calculating the winning potential of the each move which is based on no. of moves, no. of wins and no. of loses.

The algorithm has a recursive approach, which means it creates a tree of combination of moves based on the rules of the game.

Now, to calculate the best move in a given game state, the algorithm puts 2 agents- Minimizer and Maximizer to play against each other. Both these agents play based on calculating the best possible move. The Minimizer tries to make Maximizer lose and vice versa. In this way, the Minimizer and Maximizer simulates an entire game, which is then repeated for all sets of possible moves in the given game state. After the algorithm does all the simulation, it then chooses the move which created highest probability of win with lowest no. of moves. Hence it returns the next best move. And then the computer plays the move.

## Advantages 
This algorithm is completely unbeatable because it calculates all possible combinations of moves in a game. As a result, when playing against a minimax algorithm, the Computer either wins or draws.
# Minimax Algorithms are more accurate than neural networks.
# It is very simple to engineer by coding.
# This algorithm uses the computer's processing speed and memory efficiently, so it is potentially better than humans at playing.

## Disadvantages 
# It is extremely slow for big games like chess, as the possible number of combinations increases.
# Cannot play every type of games. For ex, Minimax algorithm cannot play Rock, Paper, Scissors.
Mankiyali language

**Mankiyali** is a Dardic language spoken in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of northwestern Pakistan. 

## References
Munji language

**Munji** is a Iranic language spoken by the Munji people of Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan and Afghanistan's Badakhshan.  It is closely related to Chitral's Yidgha language. 

## References
Glossop

**Glossop** is a small town in the Borough of High Peak west Derbyshire in England. Glossop is a market town and as of 2014 had a population of around 33,000 but as of 2001 Glossop had a population of 32,428.

## References
Ishkashimi language

**Ishkashimi** is a Pamiri languge spoken in the Badakhsan region of Hindukush.  It is closely related to the Sanglechi language.

## References
1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision

**The Wayne County Airport runway collision** involved the collision of two Northwest Airlines aircraft at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport on December 3, 1990. It occurred when Flight 1482, a scheduled Douglas DC-9 operating from Detroit to Pittsburgh International Airport, was mistakenly taxed on an active runway in heavy fog and struck by a departing Boeing 727 operating as Flight 299 to Memphis International Airport.

Of the surviving passengers, the NTSB stated that 10 received serious injuries and 23 received minor or no injuries. The three surviving crew members received minor or no injuries

## Aircraft
The Douglas DC-9 operating Flight 1482 was registered N3313L; It was built in 1966 and had a total of 62,253 hours of operation. The DC-9 was delivered new to Delta before being sold to predecessor Northwest Southern Airways in 1973. It was 24 years old at the time of the accident.

The Boeing 727 that operated Flight 299 was registered as N278US and had been purchased by Northwest in 1975. It had 37,310 hours of operation. The aircraft was repaired and flew with Northwest until 1995. Aircraft N278US was later sold to Kitty Hawk Aircargo and scrapped in 2011 after 36 years of service.
## References
Ranan Lurie

**Ranan R. Lurie** (; May 26, 1932 – June 8, 2022) was an Egyptian-born Israeli-American political cartoonist and journalist. He was a senior associate at the CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies) from 1990 until his death. He was a member of the United Nations Correspondents Association. He was founder and Editor-in-Chief of *Cartoonews*. Lurie was born in Cairo, Egypt but raised in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Lurie died on June 8, 2022 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 90.

## References
Universal+

**Universal+** (pronounced as **Universal Plus**), is a group of Latin American, French and British Isles premium subscription television channels of United States origin. It focuses on the broadcast of exclusive movies and series that are not seen on other channels. 
## Ownership
It is owned by NBCUniversal, operated by NBCUniversal International Networks. It is distributed by Ole Distribution, a joint venture between Ole Communications and WarnerMedia.

## Kickoff
The platform began operating in December 2018, previously as Universal TV+, offering content from various sister channels of NBCUniversal in Latin America, but with a login required from each operator. On December 4, 2020, the platform was renamed Universal+ again, although no service costs were specified.
## Premium packages
Universal+ started a premium package on August 24, 2021, when several pages and social networks spread unofficial information about what could be the group of premium channels to be launched and marketed in Latin America. Later on, the HBO Latin America Group entered the premium television model, and several years later its participation was sold to WarnerMedia.

In a leak of an official statement from DirecTV, details of the premium package were revealed, as well as the new channels to be marketed, including Universal Premiere, Universal Cinema, Universal Crime, Universal Comedy and Universal Reality.

The group was scheduled to start its broadcasts on December 2, 2021, initially on DirecTV and Sky. But due to technical problems, the launch was postponed on Sky in Mexico and Central America for December 3 of the same year, while for DirecTV was postponed to December 6.
## Channels
The group is made up of 5 premium channels with exclusive content, which are:

* **Universal Premiere**: It is focused on the broadcast of premiere movies, new seasons and series, it has 2 signals, East and West.
* **Universal Cinema**: Is focused on broadcasting the most outstanding award-winning films, it has 2 signals, East and West.
* **Universal Crime**: is focused on the broadcast of action, investigation and high-impact criminal series.
* **Universal Comedy**: is focused on the broadcast of movies and comedy series.
* **Universal Reality**: is focused on the broadcast of entertainment, game shows and reality shows, which has content from E! Channel.

## References
## Other websites 
*
The Mother and the Enemy

***The Mother and the Enemy*** is the fourth studio album by Lux Occulta. The album was released on November 19, 2001.

## References
Falley Seminary

**Falley Seminary** (1836-1883) was a preparatory school in Fulton, New York. It was named after M. E. Falley, who gave the school .

## History 
Falley Seminary was a girls-only school when it started on May 25, 1836. When it started, it was called **Fulton Female Seminary**. Lucy Maynard Salmon was the first principal of Falley Seminary. On April 11, 1842, the school started allowing men to go to the school. to name was changed to **Fulton Academy**. On April 11, 1849, it was renamed to **Falley Seminary of the Black River Conference**. On March 5, 1857, it was named Falley Seminary. Later, it was as a post-secondary seminary for the Presbyterian church, and later it was a post-secondary seminary for the Methodist Conference.
## Further reading 
* 

## References
James F. Starbuck

**James F. Starbuck** (September 5, 1816 in Scipio, Cayuga County, New York – December 11, 1880) was an American lawyer and politician.

## Life 
Starbuck was born on September 5, 1816 in Scipio, New York. He attended Western Reserve College in 1836. Starbuck was admitted to the bar in 1844, and practiced in Watertown.

Starbuck was a secretary for the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1846. Starbuck was District Attorney of Jefferson County from 1850 to 1854.

He was a member of the New York State Senate (18th D.) in 1876 and 1877. Starbuck died on December 11, 1880.

## References
Marley

**Alejandro Wiebe** (Born June 1, 1970), known by his stage name **Marley**, is an Argentine television host, comedian and producer. He is considered one of the most recognized conductors of Argentine television in recent times. His beginnings were on El Trece and since 2003 he has been working on the competitor channel Telefe, serving as the channel's main host.

## Televisión
## References 
## Other websites
*  Interview  in Clarín
Matt Zimmerman (actor)

**Matthew Zimmerman** (26 December 1934 – 9 June 2022) was a Canadian actor. He was best known as the voice of Alan Tracy in the 1960s television series *Thunderbirds* and sequel movies *Thunderbirds Are Go* and *Thunderbird 6*.

Zimmerman died on 8 June 2022, at the age of 87.

## References
Biruta Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska

**Biruta Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska** (26 August 1927 – 9 June 2022) was a Polish lawyer, academic and politician. She was a professor at University of Łódź. She was also Judge of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal from 1997 until 2006. Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska was born in Kraków, Poland.

Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska died on 9 June 2022 in Kraków at the age of 94.

## References
Talbot Shrewsbury Book

The **Talbot Shrewsbury Book** (London, British Library Royal 15 E vi ) is a very large manuscript with many illustrations.

## Other websites
A full photographic reproduction of Royal 15 E. vi  is available on the British Library Digitised Manuscripts website.

For further information about authors, bibliography and lists of surviving manuscripts see ARLIMA: Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge.
Julee Cruise

**Julee Ann Cruise** (December 1, 1956 – June 9, 2022) was an American pop singer-songwriter, actress and musician. She was known for her works with composer Angelo Badalamenti and director David Lynch in the late 1980s and early 1990s. She was known for her song "Falling", the theme song for the television series *Twin Peaks*. She was born in Creston, Iowa.

Cruise was diagnosed with lupus in March 2018. She died by suicide on June 9, 2022 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts at the age of 65.

## References
Aloísio Sinésio Bohn

**Aloísio Sinésio Bohn** (11 September 1934 – 9 June 2022) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate. He became a priest in 1961. He was titular bishop of *Abbir Germaniciana* and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brasilia, Brazil, from 1977 to 1980. He then was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Hamburgo, Brazil, from 1980 to 1986. He later became bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil from 1986 until his retirement in 2010. He was born in Montenegro, Brazil.

Bohn died on 9 June 2022 from pneumonia in Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil at the age of 87.

## References
Madrid runway disaster

The **Madrid Runway Disaster** occurred on Wednesday, December 7, 1983 (9:50 a.m.) at Madrid-Barajas airport when **Iberia Flight 350**, a Boeing 727 (registration EC-CFJ) bound for Madrid-Barajas airport Rome-Fiumicino, piloted by Commander Carlos López Barranco, with 93 passengers, collided with **Aviaco Flight 134**, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 (registration EC-CGS) bound for Santander Airport, piloted by Commander Augusto Almoguera Pérez (13,442 flight hours), with 42 people on board.

## Accident 
As the Boeing 727 taxied down runway 01, the DC-9 crew accidentally made a wrong turn in the fog and took their plane onto the runway, into the path of the 727. The 727 crew saw the DC-9 and tried to avoid it. the collision turning their planes to take off;  however, the 727 had not reached flying speed and its rear fuselage struck the DC-9. Both aircraft caught fire and were destroyed.

## Victims
All 42 people aboard the DC-9 perished (37 passengers and 5 crew members), and 51 of the 93 aboard the Boeing 727 perished (50 passengers and 1 crew member).
## Rescue
The rescue continued throughout the day and part of the next. The judge on duty, José Ruiz Ramo, was examining the bodies and certifying the deaths. As many relatives approached the airport and a flood of people collapsed hospitals to donate blood.

## References
Lux Occulta

**Lux Occulta** is an Polish avant-garde metal band formed in 1994.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Forever Alone, Immortal* (1996)
* *Dionysos* (1997)
* *My Guardian Anger* (1999)
* *The Mother and the Enemy* (2001)
* *Kołysanki* (2014)

## References
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition

**Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition**, released on April 25, 2005, is an edition of Windows XP for x86-64 personal computers. It was designed to use the expanded 64-bit memory provided by the x86-64 architecture.

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is not to be confused with *Windows XP 64-Bit Edition*, which was published in Windows XP Professional x64 Edition and included with *Windows XP 64-Bit Edition for 64-Bit Extended System*.

## Related pages 
* Windows XP
* Windows XP 64-Bit Edition
Don Perkins

**Donald Anthony Perkins** (March 4, 1938 &ndash; June 9, 2022) was an American football fullback in the National Football League. He played for the Dallas Cowboys from 1961 until 1968. He played college football at the University of New Mexico.

Perkins died on June 9, 2022 in Albuquerque, New Mexico at the age of 84.

## References
My Side of the Mountain (movie)

***My Side of the Mountain*** is a 1969 Canadian family adventure movie directed by James B. Clark and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Jean Craighead George. It stars Ted Eccles, Theodore Bikel, Tudi Wiggins, Paul Hérbert, Cosette Lee, Ralph Endersby and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* My Side of the Mountain Site
The Big Bus

***The Big Bus*** is a 1976 American action comedy movie directed by James Frawley and starring Joseph Bologna, Stockard Canning, John Beck, Ned Beatty, René Auberjonois, José Ferrer, Ruth Gordon, Harold Gould, Larry Hagman, Lynn Redgrave, Sally Kellerman, Richard Mulligan. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Giuseppe Brizi

**Giuseppe Brizi** (19 March 1942 – 9 June 2022) was an Italian professional football player and manager. He played as a defender. He was part of the Italy national football B squad that won the 1963 Mediterranean Games.

## References
Dick Renooy

**Dick Renooy** (15 July 1908 — 24 July 1983) was a Dutch motorcycle road racer from Soest. Renooy competed in the 125cc class on his Eysink motorcycle. He had international successes. He is in the Netherlands most known for winning the Dutch TT in 1948.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Newspaper articles of Renooy, via Delpher
Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

***Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man*** is a 1991 American action western movie directed by Simon Wincer and starring Mickey Rourke, Don Johnson, Chelsea Field, Daniel Baldwin, Vanessa Williams, Tom Sizemore, Tia Carrere. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was a box office failure. It received generally negative reviews from critics.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
The Living God: Medicine and The Ancient Meetei Civilization

**The Living God: Medicine and The Ancient Meetei Civilization** is a 2015 English language short documentary movie. It is written and directed by Prakas Aheibam. It is based on the medicine and the ancient Meitei civilization (ancient Kangleipak).

## Background 
Meetei Civilization (Ancient Kangleipak), in the present day Northeast India bordering Myanmar (Burma), is a civilization still unknown to most of the world. Meitei script, its ancient script is the representation of the well developed nature of its civilization. The form, structure and phonology of the ancient Meitei writing system show the understanding of human physiology. The ancient Puyas record their ancient knowledge on many subjects including astrology, astronomy, genetics, human physiology, medicine, oracles (predictions), abiogenesis (origin of life), cosmogony (study of the origin of the universe), and the secrets of life and death. The ancient Meitei writings also deal with the relationship between Lai (Meitei term for God) and human beings. Even in present day times, the mixed relationship between the two entities are celebrated in the Lai Haraoba (festivals of Gods). Standing against the burning of Puyas (Puya Mei Thaba), many of these ancient writings still survive even today. The medicine of this ancient civilization is considered as an inheritance from the Lai (Meitei term for God). The descendent people of the ancient civilization still continue to cure as well as treat many modern diseases and illnesses with the healing power of the ancient medicine.

Prakas Aheibam, the director of the movie, has interests of antiques, artifacts and folktales since his childhood. Like many people of his age, he grew up hearing about the historic golden era of Meitei culture. So, he wished for studying for the then unknown world of Meetei Civilization (Ancient Kangleipak). In the year 2006, he saw a miraculous healing effect of the ancient Meitei medical science. It was when his father was suffering from a disease. So, he got more curious to learn about ancient Meitei culture and society. At the same time, one of his friends introduced him to the illustrated human physiology that formed the structure and phonology of revived ancient Meitei script. For almost ten years, Prakas Aheibam dedicated to study for the different aspects of the ancient Meetei Civilization (Ancient Kangleipak).

In the "Hollywood International Independent Documentary Awards 2016", the *"The Living God: Medicine and The Ancient Meetei Civilization"* won the Best Foreign Documentary (Short) Award.

## Screenings 
The movie received official entries in many international film festivals across the world. These include:

## Related pages 
* Daughters of the Polo God
* Fireflies (movie)
* My Japanese Niece

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul

**Montenegro** is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In 2020, 65,721 people lived here.

## References
Ispra

**Ispra** is a *comune* in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy, on the eastern coast of Lake Maggiore.

## References
Portugalete

**Portugalete** is a city lying to the west of Bilbao. It is in the province of Biscay in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. In 2021, 45,285 people lived there.

## References
A Estrada

**A Estrada** is a municipality in Galicia, Spain. It is in the province of Pontevedra and is about  southeast of Santiago de Compostela.

## References
Annaba

**Annaba** () is a seaport city in the northeastern edge of Algeria, close to Tunisia. It is the capital of the Annaba Province. In 2008, 257,359 people live in Annaba. About 1 million people live in its metropolitan area.

## References
Epigenesis

**Epigenesis** may refer to:

* Epigenesis (biology) describes the morphogenesis and development of an organism
* Epigenesis (geology) means mineral changes in rocks after their formation

## Related pages 
*Epigenetics
E (Cyrillic)

**E** (Э&nbsp;э; italics: *Э&nbsp;э*;), also known as **e oborotnoye** or **ye**, is a letter found in  Russian and Belarusian.
Ya (Cyrillic)

**Ya** (Я&nbsp;я; italics: *Я&nbsp;я*) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, it comes from little yus, and all Cyrillic languages that use it say it like [yah].
Shcha

**Shcha** (Щ&nbsp;щ; italics: *Щ&nbsp;щ*), **Shta** or **Sha with descender** is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It comes from the Glagolitic letter shta (Ⱋ), it sounds like /ɕː/ in Russian, /ʃt͡ʃ/ in Ukrainian and Rusyn, and /ʃt/ in Bulgarian.
Dotted I (Cyrillic)

The **dotted i** (І&nbsp;І̇&nbsp;і; italics: *І&nbsp;І̇&nbsp;і*), also called **decimal і** (и десятеричное, after its former numeric value), is a letter of the Cyrillic script.
## Related letters and other similar characters 
* Ι ι : Greek letter Iota
* I i : Latin letter I 
* İ i : Latin letter dotted I
* И и : Cyrillic letter I another letter that is romanized as I
* Й й : Cyrillic letter Short I
Kje

**Kje** (or ''''*) (Ќ&nbsp;ќ; italics: *Ќ&nbsp;ќ'') is a letter of the Cyrillic script, it is used in Macedonian.
Yi (Cyrillic)

**Yi** (Ї&nbsp;ї; italics: *Ї&nbsp;ї*) is a letter of the Cyrillic script that is a combination of І and Є used in Ukrainian. Its alternate form known as iotated e used to take its place.
I with grave (Cyrillic)

**I with grave** (Ѝ&nbsp;ѝ; italics: *Ѝ&nbsp;ѝ*) is an accented form of the Cyrillic letter И. It is not a separate letter in any language. It is used in Bulgarian and Macedonian to distinguish the third-person feminine singular dative pronoun ("ѝ", "to her") from the conjunction "и".
Ukrainian Ye

**Ukrainian Ye** (Є&nbsp;є; italics: *Є*&nbsp;*є*) is a character of the Cyrillic script, it is used in Ukrainian, Church Slavonic, Khanty, and Rusyn, it is equal to the number 5.
Robert M. Utley

**Robert Marshall Utley** (October 31, 1929 – June 7, 2022) was an American writer and historian. He wrote sixteen books on the history of the American West. He was a chief historian for the National Park Service.

Utley died on June 7, 2022 in Scottsdale, Arizona at the age of 92.

## References
Electrum

**Electrum** is a naturally occurring alloy of gold and silver, with trace amounts of copper and other metals. It is found in rivers. 

The ancient Greeks called it "gold" or "white gold", as opposed to "refined gold". Its color ranges from pale to bright yellow, depending on the proportions of gold and silver. It has been produced artificially, and is also known as "green gold".

Electrum has been used for coins.

## References
Mercy (2000 movie)

***Mercy*** is a 2000 American erotic mystery thriller movie directed by Damian Harris and was based on the novel by David L. Lindsey. It stars Ellen Barkin, Wendy Crewson, Peta Wilson, Karen Young, Julian Sands, Stephen Baldwin, Beau Starr, Marshall Bell and was distributed by Franchise Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
*
Você Sabia?

**Você Sabia?** (in English it means: Did you know?) is a Brazilian  YouTube channel, hosted by Lukas Marques and Daniel Mologni.  Did You Know? features educational trivia videos such as videos of theories, mysteries, trivia and more. 

Currently, the channel Você Sabia?, with more than 40 million subscribers, is the 4th channel with the most subscribers in Brazil and the 43rd with the most subscribers in the world. 

On April 10, 2014 created a secondary channel called "Você Sabia PLUS", with the aim of focusing on *game* curiosities, but the channel ended up bringing together various subjects, such as videos from *daily vlogs*, *gameplays* and other themes. Most of the videos are focused on curiosities and facts related to the *gamer* world. The channel is updated less frequently than the main channel Did You Know?.

## History 
In the beginning, Lukas Marques and Daniel Mologni had a blog together, called *Calma, Cara*, which gathered daily news. After high school Daniel Mologni and Lukas Marques moved, getting back together again after two years at a *YouPix event.* In the beginning, videos were recorded remotely and joined during editing. With the growth of the channel, the duo moved to São Paulo where the production began to become professionalized.

## Awards 
## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Cesano Boscone

**Cesano Boscone** is a city in northern Italy. It is in the Lombardy Region. About 23,000 people live there.

## References
Glamondans

**Glamondans** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## References
Jord van Weeren

**Jord van Weeren** (born 1994) is a Dutch bowler and bowling coach from Leiden. He represents the Netherlands at international competitions since 2008. He became 2022 European team champion. His sister also played bowling. As a junior he competed as an exceptional case at a senior competition, and won. The junior head coach who was present advised him to started playing more competitions. In 2019 he became twice national champion (Singles and Doubles). He became in European team champion in Helsinki in 2022, together with Michell Stinissen, Nick de Gelder, Mike Bergmann and Kenneth Ramos. 

As an amateur bowler he has to pay all the costs for the tournaments, training facilities and bowling balls.

Van Weeren is bowling coach of the Dutch national team (under-18). In 2022 he was selected to become Leiden sport coach of the year.

Van Weeren has an IT job at Rabobank. He uses all his holiday days for playing bowling tournaments.

## References
Magenta, Lombardy

**Magenta** is a city in northern Italy. Magenta is in the Lombardy Region. About 25,000 people live there.

The city is notable as the site of the Battle of Magenta in 1859. The color magenta comes its name from the battle.

Magenta is the birthplace of Saint Gianna Beretta Molla (1922–1962) and movie producer Carlo Ponti (1912–2007).

## Twin town 
Magenta is twinned with:
*  Magenta, France, since 2009
Ladonia

**Ladonia** () is a micronation, proclaimed in 1996 as the result of a years-long court battle between artist Lars Vilks and local authorities over two sculptures. The claimed territory is part of the natural reserve of Kullaberg in southern Sweden.

## References
Magenta, Marne

**Magenta** is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France.

In 2019, 1,697 people lived there. It was named after the 1859 Battle of Magenta, now in Italy.

## Twin town 
Magenta is twinned with:
*  Magenta, Italy, since 2009

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Marne department

## References
Santa Cruz do Sul

**Santa Cruz do Sul** () is a city in central Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.  The city has a 131,000 population since 2020. It is about 150&nbsp;km (93 miles) from the capital city of the state, Porto Alegre.

## References
L'Hôpital-du-Grosbois

**L&#39;Hôpital-du-Grosbois** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## References
Malans (disambiguation)

**Malans** is the name of the following municipalities:
* Malans, Doubs, a commune in the Doubs department in France
* Malans, Haute-Saône, a commune in the Haute-Saône department in France
* Malans, Switzerland, a municipality in the Swiss canton of Graubünden
Ranco

**Ranco** is a *comune* in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is on the southeastern shore of Lake Maggiore.

## References
Sestriere

**Sestriere** is a ski resort in Piedmont, Italy and a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Turin.

Sestriere was a main venue during the 2006 Winter Olympic Games and the 2006 Winter Paralympics, hosting all the men's alpine skiing competitions and being the site of one of the three Olympic Villages. It is a part of the Via Lattea (Milky Way) ski area in Italy, where the 2006 Winter Olympics were held.

## References
Castelletto sopra Ticino

**Castelletto sopra Ticino** is a *comune* in the Province of Novara in the Italian region of Piedmont.

## References
Scinax strussmannae

**Strüssmann’s snouted tree frog** (*Scinax strussmannae*) is a frog.  It lives in rainforests in Brazil where the trees grow close together.  For example, it lives in Nacentes do Lago Jari National Park.

The adult male frog is 20.2 to 22.5 mm long from nose to rear end.  The skin on its back is yellow to bronze in color.  There are small spots on its back and legs.  There is a red stripe in the iris of its eye.  The male frog sings in two different ways.

## References
Galbiate

**Galbiate** is a *comune* in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region of Lombardy.

Lago di Annone is on its borders.

## References
Cisano Bergamasco

**Cisano Bergamasco** is a *comune* in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy.

## References
Iseo, Lombardy

**Iseo** is a *comune* in the Province of Brescia in the Italian region of Lombardy, on the south shore of Lake Iseo.

## References
Burford

**Burford** is a town on the River Windrush, in West Oxfordshire district, Oxfordshire, England. In 2011, 1,422 people live in Burford.

## References
Bondues

**Bondues** is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 9,808 people lived there.

## Other websites 
* INSEE commune file
Malbrans

**Malbrans** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## References
Carlin, Nevada

.]]
**Carlin** is a city near the western border of Elko County in northeast Nevada. It is  west of the city of Elko. At the 2020 census, 2,050 people lived there.

## References
Oschatz

**Oschatz** is a town in Nordsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. It is 60&nbsp;km east of Leipzig and 60&nbsp;km west of Dresden.

## Subdistricts 
Oschatz contains the following 14 districts:

## References
Foucherans, Doubs

**Foucherans** is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Tarcenay-Foucherans.

## References
Tarcenay-Foucherans

**Tarcenay-Foucherans** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Tarcenay (the seat) and Foucherans.

## References
Admission to practice law

Lawyers are given **permission to practice law** when they get a license to practice law. There are two types of lawyers, barristers and solicitors. Barristers have to get ** to the bar**, but solicitors have to get different certificates. 

## United States 
In the United States, there is only one type of lawyer, but there used to be two types until the American Bar Association chose to only have one in 1921. By 1980, only Mississippi, Montana, South Dakota, West Virginia, and Wisconsin still had two types of lawyers. , Wisconsin is the only state that still has two types of lawyers.

## References
L'Isle-sur-le-Doubs

**L&#39;Isle-sur-le-Doubs** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## References
Jallerange

**Jallerange** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Geography 
The commune is  west of Besançon.

## References
Military discharge

soldiers holding honorable discharge certificates]]

A soldier is given a **military discharge** when they can leave the military. There are two types of military discharges, dishonorable discharges, and honorable discharges. Soldiers are dishonorably discharged when they do very immoral things, like rape, murder, and war crimes. Soldiers are honorably discharged when they can't fight anymore, like if they get shot.

## Related pages 
* Layoff

## References
24 (season 4)

**Day 4**  is the name of the fourth season of the television series 24. The story covers a  day that starts and ends at 7 AM.

## Season Overview 
The season starts with a train bombing. The bombing is used to get a device to control nuclear power plants. Terrorists kidnap Secretary of Defense James  Heller and his daughter, Audrey Raines. They plan to kill Heller on the internet to get past internet firewalls to use the device. Bauer stops them from killing Heller, but the terrorists gain control of power plants. Eventually, CTU gets control of most plants. CTU learns that the terrorist behind the events is Habib Marwan. He worked for McLennan-Forrester. The company sets off an EMP to destroy evidence of the terrorist. Later, terrorists get a stealth fighter and shoot down Air Force One. President Keeler cannot serve, and Vice-President Logan becomes president. Marwan's terror cells steal the nuclear football from the site of the crash of Air Force One. Jack finds evidence leading him to the Chinese consulate. At the consulate, the Chinese consul is killed in a gunfight. CTU eventually stops the missile, but Jack and his friends must fake his death. In the end, Jack is a fugitive from the US and Chinese governments.  

## Characters 
### Starring 
* Kiefer Sutherland as Jack Bauer (24 episodes)
* Kim Raver as Audrey Raines (24 episodes)
* Alberta Watson as Erin Driscoll (12 episodes)
* Lana Parrilla as Sarah Gavin (12 episodes)
* Roger Cross as Curtis Manning (22 episodes)
* William Devane as Secretary of Defense James Heller (15 episodes)

### Special guest stars 
* Carlos Bernard as Tony Almeida (18 episodes)
* Reiko Aylesworth as Michelle Dessler (13 episodes)

### Special guest appearance by 
* Dennis Haysbert as David Palmer (6 episodes)

### Guest starring 
* Louis Lombardi as Edgar Stiles (24 episodes)
* Arnold Vosloo as Habib Marwan (17 episodes)
* Mary Lynn Rajskub as Chloe O'Brian (16 episodes)
* Geoff Pierson as President John Keeler (13 episodes)
* Shohreh Aghdashloo as Dina Araz (12 episodes)
* Jonathan Ahdout as Behrooz Araz (12 episodes)
* James Frain as Paul Raines (10 episodes)
* James Morrison as Bill Buchanan (10 episodes)
* Nestor Serrano as Navi Araz (10 episodes)
* Cameron Bancroft as Lee Castle (9 episodes)
* Gregory Itzin as Vice President/President Charles Logan (9 episodes)
* Jude Ciccolella as Mike Novick (8 episodes)
* Logan Marshall-Green as Richard Heller (7 episodes)
* Aisha Tyler as Marianne Taylor (7 episodes)
* John Allen Nelson as Walt Cummings (5 episodes)
* Leighton Meester as Debbie Pendleton (4 episodes)
* Lukas Haas as Andrew Paige (3 episodes)
* Mia Kirshner as Mandy (3 episodes)
* Tzi Ma as Cheng Zhi (2 episodes)
* Glenn Morshower as Aaron Pierce (2 episodes)

## Reception 
The season received positive reviews by critics. It has a rating of 95% on Rotten Tomatoes. Commentators were critical of the portrayal of torture on the program. They question if acts of torture are becoming more normal and therefore they are becoming justifiable .

## References
Lantenne-Vertière

**Lantenne-Vertière** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## References
Much, North Rhine-Westphalia

**Much** is a municipality in Rhein-Sieg in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is about 30&nbsp;km northeast of Bonn and 20&nbsp;km southwest of Gummersbach.

## Twin towns 
*  Doullens, France, since 1976
*  Groß Köris, Brandenburg, since 1991

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Würselen

**Würselen** is a town in Aachen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is next to the city of Aachen. About 38,000 people live there.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Grace Potter

**Grace Evelyn Potter** (born June 20, 1983 in Waitsfield, Vermont In 2011, she helped found Grand Point North music festival in Burlington, Vermont. The festival celebrates local acts and promotes area businesses. Many national performing artists have performed at the festival. These include Kenny Chesney, Jackson Browne,  Nathaniel Rateliff, The Flaming Lips, Trampled By Turtles and Gov't Mule.

## References
Exene Cervenka

**Exene Cervenka** (born **Christene Lee Cervenka**; February 1, 1956) is an American singer, artist, and poet.  She is best known for her work as a singer in the California punk rock band X.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Ashley Iaconetti

**Ashley Nicole Iaconetti Haibon** (born March 6, 1988) is an American television personality and journalist. She is notable for being a contestant on several series in *The Bachelor* television franchise, including *The Bachelor*, *Bachelor in Paradise* and *The Bachelor Winter Games*.
Ashley Spencer (actress)

**Ashley Spencer** (born March 8, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. Most of her acting is on stage. She had performed on Broadway in Grease*,* *Hairspray* and *Rock of Ages*. Spencer was a contestant on the 2007 NBC program ''Grease: You're the One that I Want!'' She was the understudy for Barbie in the Barbie in Fairytopi atour. On that tour, she sang and danced ballet.

## References
Melissa Mark-Viverito

**Melissa Mark-Viverito** (born April 1, 1969) is an American Democratic politician. She was the speaker of the New York City Council from 2014 to 2017. She was a member of the council for the 8th district from 2006 to 2017.
Tami Roman

**Tamisha Akbar** (born April 17, 1970) better known as **Tami Roman**, is an American television personality, model, businesswoman and actress. Roman first gained fame on *The Real World: Los Angeles* in 1993. After making cameo appearances and starring in supporting roles in some television programs and movies in the 1990s and 2000s, Roman became one of the stars of Vh1's *Basketball Wives*.
Giuliano Poletti

**Giuliano Poletti** (pronunciation: [dʒuˈljaːno poˈletti]; born 19 November 1951) is an Italian politician. He was appointed Minister of Labour and Social Policies on 22 February 2014 by Prime Minister Matteo Renzi. Poletti  also served in the cabinet of former Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni.
Zibido San Giacomo

**Zidibo San Giacomo** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region of Lombardy.

## References
Grand Army of the Republic

The **Grand Army of the Republic** (**GAR**) was a fraternal organization for veterans that were in the Union Army (United States Army), Union Navy (U.S. Navy), and the Marines during the American Civil War. It started in 1866 in Springfield, Illinois. It ended in 1956 when its last member, Albert Woolson (1850–1956), died.

## References 
## Other websites 
* GAR page at the Library of Congress
* SUVCW official website
* ASUVCW official website
* DUVCW official website
* Medals related to the GAR in the collection of the American Numismatic Society
* Grand Army Museum, Lynn, Massachusetts at Essex National Heritage website
* Grand Army Museum, Lynn, Massachusetts at official City of Lynn website
* Photographs of Members of the Stevens Post, Seattle, Washington
* Grand Army of the Republic Museum and Library, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* The Grand Army of the Republic. Philip R. Schuyler Post, No. 51 records, including membership records, constitution and by-laws, correspondence and minutes of the Philip R. Schuyler Post No. 51, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
* Geocache on the Memorial Highway
* Grand Army of the Republic Collection  – McLean County Museum of History archives (Illinois)
* Theodore C. Cazeau Grand Army of the Republic Collection – Lavery Library, St. John Fisher College, Rochester NY
* Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Kansas Encampments, 1882-1944
* Grand Army of the Republic, Walla Walla, records at the Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Whitman College.
* Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) George H. Thomas Post No. 17 collection, Rare Books and Manuscripts, Indiana State Library
* Grand Army of the Republic medals and ribbons, 1888-1956. California State Library, California History Room.
Luxiol

**Luxiol** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## References
Frederick Lansing

**Frederick Lansing** (February 16, 1838 &#x2013; January 31, 1894) was a U.S. Representative from New York.

## Life 
Frederick Lansing was born in Manheim, New York. Lansing attended the Little Falls Academy, New York as a boy. Lansing studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1859, and practiced in Watertown, New York. He was adjutant of the Eighth New York Cavalry during the American Civil War from June 23, 1863 to October 11, 1863. He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1882 to 1885, and he was part of the 105th, 106th, 107th and 108th New York State Legislatures.

Lansing was elected as a Republican to the 51st United States Congress on March 4, 1889, and left on March 3, 1891.

He died on January 31, 1894 in Watertown, New York, and was buried in Brookside Cemetery.

## Sources
22nd Infantry Regiment (United States)

of the 22nd Infantry Regiment]]
The **22nd Infantry Regiment** is a regiment of the United States Army. Its headquarters is in Fort Drum, New York. It started in 1812.

## References 
## Other websites
Emily Rutherfurd

**Emily Kernan Rutherfurd** (born September 18, 1974) is an American actress. She played Christine "New Christine" Hunter in the CBS sitcom, *The New Adventures of Old Christine* from 2006 to 2010.
Tepuihyla

***Tepuihyla*** is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae.  People call them **Amazon tree frogs** or **Tepui tree frogs** in English. They live in mountains in eastern and south-eastern Venezuela and Guyana. Scientists also think they may live in Brazil.  A tepui is a table-shaped mountain. There are tepuis in the Guiana Highlands.

## Species
These species are in this genus:

## References
## Other websites
*  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: *Tepuihyla*. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: Apr 25, 2008). 
*  taxon *Tepuihyla* at http://www.eol.org.
*  Taxon *Tepuihyla* at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: Apr 25, 2008).
*  Taxon *Tepuihyla* at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Yggdra Union: We'll Never Fight Alone

'''''Yggdra Union: We'll Never Fight Alone'*,* known in Japan as simply ***Yggdra Union***, is a tactical role playing video game developed and published by Sting Entertainment. In other countries, *Yggdra Union* was published by Atlus in North America and 505 Games in Europe. Originally released on Game Boy Advance. Later ported to PlayStation Portable in 2007. It is the second installment of the *Dept. Heaven* series, after the first game *Riviera: The Promised Neverland* released.

The game has followed by sequel called *Yggdra Unison: Seiken Buyuuden*, that released exclusively on Nintendo DS in 2009.
The Hotel New Hampshire (movie)

***The Hotel New Hampshire*** is a 1984 British American Canadian comedy-drama movie directed by Tony Richardson and was based on the 1981 novel of the same name by John Irving. It stars Rob Lowe, Jodie Foster, Beau Bridges, Nastassja Kinski, Amanda Plummer, Matthew Modine, Seth Green, Wallace Shawn and was distributed by Orion Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
*
The Last Guardian

***The Last Guardian*** sometimes known as ***Hitoki no Ōwashi Trico*** in Japan is an action-adventure role-playing video game developed by Japan Studio and GenDesign and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment.

*The Last Guardian* was planned released for PlayStation 3, but later the game has been removed into PlayStation 4. The game was created by Team Ico (who has publishing *Ico* for PlayStation 2 in 2001).

## Gameplay
Just like the two prevolious games *Ico* (2001) and *Shadow of the Colossus* (2005), *The Last Guardian* takes player to finished the puzzle as  to solved puzzles and explore the next areas.

The boy can climb on structures, carry objects such as barrels, and operated mechanism such as levers. Trico's size and agility allows it to through ands fight off against guards who attempt to capture that boy.

The player is returned to the last checkpoint if Trico is captured by guards, or if he falls from too great heights.
Big government

**Big government** means a government system which many people think of as either too large or which tries to do too much. Policies that are usually described as Big Government include laws on food (such as New York City's laws on soft drink sizes), laws on morality (like those against prostitution or drugs), or policies that seek centralization. 

A similar idea is Big Brother for an intrusive surveillance state.

Similar terms are **parent government**, **nanny state** (especially in British English), and managerial state.

## Related pages
*Corporate welfare
*Too big to fail
*Corporate cronyism
*Social engineering
*Authoritarianism
*Totalitarianism
*Lemon socialism
*Night watchman state
*Small government
*Minarchism
*Statism
*Deep state
Lemon socialism

**Lemon socialism** is a pejorative term for government policies that subsidize or prop up large failing businesses, which are the lemon (product)s.
## Related pages
* lemon law