open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dilton Doiley

**Dilton Doiley** is a fictional character in Archie Comics.  Dilton is short and wears glasses.  He is a genius and loves science.  Dilton creates many scientific experiments that usually go wrong.  Dilton is also good at solving the problems that his experiments create.  An unnamed character similar to Dilton appeared in an issue of Archie Comics in 1942.  During the 1940's, there were many characters that look like Dilton.  His current image was established with an appearance in an Archie Comics newspaper comic strip.  He has been named Dilton since 1950. Since then his name has been given as Dilton Doiley.  He is the smartest student at Riverdale High School and is a good friend of Moose Mason.

## Riverdale
On the television series ''Riverdale, he is played by American actor Major Cruda.
Ousmane Tanor Dieng

**Ousmane Tanor Dieng** (January 2, 1947 – July 15, 2019) was a Senegalese politician. He was the First Secretary of the Socialist Party of Senegal.  He was vice-president of the Socialist International from 1996 until his death. Dieng was born in Nguéniène, Senegal. He was a candidate for President in the February 2007 election.

Dieng died on July 15, 2019 from a short-illness in France at the age of 72.

## References
Independence, Kansas

**Independence** is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, the 8,548 people lived there. It was named after the Declaration of Independence.

## Geography
Independence is along the Verdigris River. It is just south of its confluence with the Elk River. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

### Climate
Independence has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen *Cfa*). It has hot and humid summers, and it has cold winters.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 8,548 people, 3,627 households, and 2,088 families living in Independence. Of the households, 61.6% owned their home and 38.4% rented their home.

The median age was 38.9 years. Of the people, 79.1% were White, 5.5% were Black, 1.7% were Native American, 0.9% were Asian, 2.6% were from some other race, and 10.2% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.2% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 9,483 people, 3,950 households, and 2,430 families living in Independence.

## Education
, funded by Andrew Carnegie]]
### Primary and secondary education
* Independence High School, grades 9–12
* Independence Middle School, grades 6–8
* Jefferson Elementary School, grades 3–5 
* Eisenhower Elementary School, grades Pre-K–2
* Zion Lutheran School, grades Pre-K–8
* St. Andrews School, grades Pre-K–8
* Independence Bible School, grades Pre-K–12
* Tri-County Education Co-operative, special education, all grades

### Community college
The Independence Community College (ICC) main campus is two miles south of Independence. ICC West Campus is one mile west of downtown. Each semester, over 1000 students go to ICC.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Independence Chamber of Commerce
* Independence City Map , KDOT
Chanute, Kansas

**Chanute** () is a city in Neosho County, Kansas, United States. It was created on January 1, 1873. It was named after railroad engineer and aviation pioneer Octave Chanute.  In 2020, 8,722 people lived there.

### Climate
## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 8,722 people, 3,530 households, and 2,154 families living in Chanute. Of the households, 61.3% owned their home and 38.7% rented their home.

The median age was 37.0 years. Of the people, 86.4% were White, 1.4% were Black, 1.2% were Native American, 0.7% were Asian, 0.1% were Pacific Islanders, 2.3% were from some other race, and 8.0% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.1% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 9,119 people, 3,720 households, and 2,322 families living in Chanute.

## Transportation
### Bus
Bus service goes north towards Kansas City, Missouri. It also goes south towards Tulsa, Oklahoma. Buses are by Jefferson Lines (subcontractor of Greyhound Lines).

## References
## Other websites
;City
* 
* Chanute - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 413, local school district
;Maps
* Chanute City Map , KDOT
* Chanute is the center of Google Earth on the Mac
Wellington, Kansas

**Wellington** is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat. In 2020, 7,715 people lived there.

## History
### 19th century
The first post office in Wellington was created in July 1871.

## Geography
Wellington is at  (37.267289, -97.400061). at an elevation of 1230 feet. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

### Climate
Wellington has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Wellington has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 7,715 people, 3,170 households, and 1,903 families living in Wellington. Of the households, 61.0% owned their home and 39.0% rented their home.

The median age was 38.8 years. Of the people, 85.9% were White, 1.8% were Black, 1.3% were Native American, 0.6% were Asian, 2.6% were from some other race, and 7.9% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.9% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 United States Census says that there were 8,172 people, 3,246 households, and 2,105 families living in Wellington.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Wellington 
* Wellington - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 353, local school district
;Maps
* Wellington City Map , KDOT
A Ghost Story

***A Ghost Story*** is a 2017 American supernatural drama movie written and directed by David Lowery. It stars Casey Affleck, Rooney Mara, Will Oldham, Sonia Acevedo, Rob Zabrecky, and Liz Franke. Affleck plays a man who becomes a ghost and remains in the house he shares with his wife (Mara).

## Release
The movie had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2017. It was released by A24 on July 7, 2017.

## References
Jane the Virgin

***Jane the Virgin*** is an American romantic dramedy and satirical telenovela developed by Jennie Snyder Urman. The series premiered on October 13, 2014 on The CW. It is a loose adaptation of the Venezuelan telenovela *Juana la Virgen* created by Perla Farías. The series stars Gina Rodriguez as Jane Villanueva, a devout 23-year-old Latina virgin, who becomes pregnant after an accidental artificial insemination by her gynecologist. The program parodies commonly used tropes and devices in Latin telenovelas.

At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, *Jane the Virgin* was nominated for the award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy, received the Peabody Award, and Gina Rodriguez won the award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy. It was also selected as one of the top 10 Television Programs of 2014 by the American Film Institute.

Beginning with the fourth episode of season three, the series' on-screen title card was modified, with "The Virgin" crossed out in favor of a substitution corresponding to each episode. This mirrored the storyline, in which Jane is no longer a virgin.

On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fifth and final season, which premiered on March 27, 2019.

## References
Death Eater

The **Death Eaters** are fictional characters in the *Harry Potter* series of books by J.K. Rowling. They are characterized as evil wizards and witches who have allied themselves with Lord Voldemort in his efforts to take over the world, kill all witches and wizards born to non-magical parents for being "mudbloods" and enslave all non-magical beings as well as seeking to oppress non-human magical creatures such as goblins and elves. They believe that people of pure magical ancestry known as Pure-Bloods are superior to those of only partial magical ancestry, whom they call Half-Bloods. Nonetheless not all Death Eaters are Pure-Blood. Their leader Lord Voldemort originally known as Tom Riddle is Half-Blood because his father was not a wizard.  The Death Eater spy turned double agent Severus Snape is Half-Blood because even though his mother was a witch his father was not a wizard. Fenrir Greyback is allowed to be a Death Eater even though he is a werewolf. Hermione Granger observes that a lot of Death Eaters must be Half-Blood because there are too many for them all to be Pure-Blood.
Declension

In linguistics, **declension** is the changing of the form of a word. This  shows its function in the sentence, by way of some inflection. The inflectional change of verbs is called conjugation.

Declensions may apply to nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and articles to indicate number (e.g. singular, dual, plural), case (e.g. nominative case, accusative case, genitive case, dative case), gender (e.g. masculine, neuter, feminine), and a number of other grammatical categories.

For example, in English, if there is more than one *boy*, the word must become *boys.* For example, "My family has two girls and one *boy*, but my wife's family has two girls and three *boys*". The form *boy* is singular, meaning there is only one of the noun, and the form *boys* is plural, meaning there is more than one of the noun. You must know the noun's singular form if you want to find it in an English dictionary.

Also in English, a noun can change if it owns something. For example, if a toy belongs to one boy, the toy is the ''boy's* toy, but if it belongs to two or more boys, it becomes the *boys''' toy. Both numbers of the noun have this word case, which is called the genitive case. Word case is when a word form changes depending on what part of the sentence it is.

## References
Molly of Denali

***Molly of Denali*** (stylized in all caps) is an animated children's television series produced by WGBH Kids and animated by Atomic Cartoons, created by Dorothea Gillim and Kathy Waugh for PBS Kids. It premiered on July 15, 2019, and is the first American nationally distributed children's show to feature an Alaska Native as the lead character. 38 half-hour episodes were produced for season 1, with a 50-minute special as its season finale. A special live-action segment filmed in Alaska airs between the two 11-minute story segments.

As of 2027, it was re-released with a 22-minute story as well as incorporated sequences from the CBC Kids series *Mittens & Pants*.

## Cast 
* Sovereign Bill as Molly Mabray
* Sequoia Janvier as Tooey Ookami
* Vienna Leacock as Trini Mumford
* Jules Koostachin as Layla Mabray
* Ronnie Dean Harris as Walter Mabray
* Lorne Cardinal as Grandpa Nat
* Adeline Potts as Auntie Midge
* Ellen Kennedy as Singing Moose, Video Voice & Connie
* Luc Roderique as Daniel and Announcer
* Michelle Thrush as Shyahtsoo
* Shaun Youngchief as Mr. Patak
* Katrina Salisbury as Nina
Voice direction by Nicole Oliver

## International versions 
This show is also translated internationally. 

* - Spanish (Latin America)
* - Portuguese (Brazil)
* - Slovak
* - Persian
* - Turkish
* - Alaskan languages
* - Maori
*  - Uzbek
*  - Slovenia
*  - Serbian
*  - Hungarian
* * - Slovak
*  - Czech

## International broadcast 
The show is also broadcast in:
*  CBC Kids (since September 2, 2019)
*  Minika Çocuk (since 2021)
* IRIB Pooya & Nahal (since May 14, 2021)
*  Discovery+ (since 2021)
*  Jednotka (since November 5, 2022)
*  iTV.uz (since 2023)

## References
## Other websites
Edith Irby Jones

**Edith Irby Jones** (December 23, 1927 – July 15, 2019) was an American physician. She was born in Conway, Arkansas. Jones was the first African American to be accepted as a non-segregated student at the University of Arkansas Medical School. She was also the first black student to attend racially mixed classes in the American South. 

Jones was the first woman president of the National Medical Association. She was added into the Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame.

Jones died at age 91 on July 15, 2019, in Houston, Texas.

## References
Jem and the Holograms

***Jem and the Holograms*** is a 2016 American musical fantasy film produced and directed by Jon M. Chu, written by Ryan Landels, and starring Aubrey Peeples (as the title character), Stefanie Scott, Hayley Kiyoko, Aurora Perrineau, Ryan Guzman, Molly Ringwald, and Juliette Lewis. Borrowing elements from the 1980s animated television series *Jem* by Christy Marx, the film was produced by Hasbro Studios and Blumhouse Productions. Chu's interest in developing a film adaptation of *Jem* is based on having grown up watching the original animated series with his sisters.  He had attempted to make the film 11 years earlier, but was rejected by Universal due to the cost.

## Reception
*Jem and the Holograms* was theatrically released in the United States on October 23, 2015, by Universal Pictures, and in the Philippines on November 4, 2015, by Columbia Pictures and was a box office bomb, grossing $2 million worldwide on a $5 million budget and receiving negative reviews from critics and audiences alike.

## References
Andrea Camilleri

**Andrea Calogero Camilleri** (; 6 September 1925 – 17 July 2019) was an Italian novelist and television writer. He was born in Porto Empedocle, Italy. He was known for writing the Inspector Montalbano crime novel series. He also wrote the television series *Le inchieste del commissario Maigret*.

Camilleri suffered a heart attack in June 2019 and was placed under critical condition. He died a month later on 17 July 2019 at a Rome hospital, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Andrea Camilleri: a life in writing
* From Montelusa to Vigata. On the trail of Andrea Camilleri and Inspector Montalbano
* Andrea Camilleri Reader Website (in German, English, and Italian)
Centreboard

A **centreboard** or **centerboard** (US) is a boat hull appendage which can be put up and down in the water. It is used in dinghies and by other sailing boats in shallow water but in deep water it gives the boat stability.

## History
The centerboard was invented by Lt. John Schank (c. 1740 – 6 February 1823). He was an officer of the British Royal Navy.

## Design
A centerboard can be made from wood, plastic or metal. On small boats today they are usually made from a type of plastic or fibreglass. On bigger boats, they can be made from metal and are also very heavy to help the boat to sail. Some centerboards are on a type of hinge and they swing up and down. Other centerboards just push straight down and are called daggerboards.

On bigger boats, they are used to allow them to cruise in shallow water in bays or rivers.

## References
Obituary

An **obituary** is a notice of a death. An Obituary is published by the family of the person who died to let more distant family members and friends know about the death. Funeral homes commonly publish obituaries. A description of the person who died is usually included in the obituary.  Funeral arrangements are usually part of an obituary. An  obituary is distributed via a publication in a newspaper, or via manual handing out or posting of pamphlets.

Some newpapers offer a service of writing a biography for the person who died. 

Old obituaries are a source of information for people writing biographies.

## References
Hustlers (movie)

***Hustlers*** is a 2019 American comedy-drama movie written and directed by Lorene Scafaria, based on the *New York* magazine article "The Hustlers at Scores" by Jessica Pressler. The movie stars Constance Wu, Jennifer Lopez, Cardi B, Keke Palmer, Julia Stiles, Lili Reinhart, and Lizzo.

## Release
The movie was released on September 13, 2019, by STX Entertainment.
Being Mary Jane

***Being Mary Jane***  was an American drama television series created by Mara Brock Akil and starring Gabrielle Union, that debuted January 7, 2014 on BET. The 90-minute-pilot for the series aired on July 2, 2013. The series follows professional and personal life of successful TV news anchor Mary Jane Paul, who lives in Atlanta, Georgia. The series ended on April 23, 2019.

## Reception
*Being Mary Jane* has received positive reviews from critics. The series premiere drew more than 4 million viewers, debuting as BET's highest rated show. On January 6, 2016, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on January 10, 2017. It was announced on October 11, 2017 that the series would conclude. A two-hour movie finale was planned to air in 2018, but never came to fruition. On December 7, 2018, BET announced that the movie finale date has been pushed back to air on April 16, 2019. On April 1, 2019, it was announced that the movie finale date was pushed back a week later to April 23, 2019.

## References
Yas Island

**Yas Island** () is an island in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Development started in 2006, to transform it into a tourist attraction, mainly focussed on motorsport.

The Yas Marina Circuit is a large part of Yas Island, which has hosted the Formula One Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix since 2009, as the last race in the calendar. In 2010 Ferrari World was opened next to the circuit, which contains Formula Rossa, the world's fastest roller coaster which has a top speed of 240kph (149mph).

Other popular attractions on the island are Yas Waterworld, Warner Bros. World Abu Dhabi, and SeaWorld Abu Dhabi.

## References
Craig Fallon

**Craig Andrew Fallon** (18 December 1982 – 15 July 2019) was a British judoka. He was born in Wolverhampton, West Midlands. In September 2005, Fallon won the -60&nbsp;kg weight class at the World Judo Championships in Cairo. He became only the third British male to win a world title. 

Fallon died on 15 July 2019 at the age of 36.

## References
Robert L. Johnson

**Robert Louis Johnson**  (born April 8, 1946 is American entrepreneur, media magnate, executive, philanthropist, and investor.He is the co-founder of BET, which was acquired by Viacom in 2001 . He is also the founder of RLJ Companies which is a holding company that invests in various business sectors. Johnson is the former majority owner of the Charlotte Bobcats.His company is listed d among the most prominent African-American businesses in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries

## Early Life and Education 
Johnson was born in 1946 in French Camp, California.  His mother was a schoolteacher and his father was a farmer . Johnson graduated from the University of Illinois in 1968 with a bachelor's degree in social studies . At the University of Illinois, Johnson became a member of the Beta chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity . He received a master's degree in public affairs from the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University in 1972 .

## Personal life 
He married Shelia Johnson in 1969 and have 2 children .They divorced in 2001 .Johnson dated Lauren Wooden, who is 33 years younger, in 2010.They married in May 2016, Greg Mathis officiated. 

## References
Raja Dhale

**Raja Dhale** (30 September 1940 – 16 July 2019) was an Indian writer, poet, Ambedkarite thinker, social activist, and political activist. He was one of the founding members of the Dalit Panther. He was a member of the Republican Party of India and led the Raja Dhale faction, after it split.

Dhale was a candidate in the 1999 parliament election for the Mumbai North Central constituency and 2004 parliament elections from Mumbai North East constituency, again on Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha ticket.

Dhale was born in Maharashtra. He died at a Mumbai hospital after falling at his home on 16 July 2019 at the age of 78.

## References
Stewart Butterfield

**Daniel Stewart Butterfield** (born **Dharma Jeremy Butterfield**; March 21, 1973) is a Canadian entrepreneur. He helped create Flickr, which allows you to share photos online. He also helped create Slack, which is a messaging app with more advanced features.

## References
Cadillac Records

***Cadillac Records*** is a 2008 American biographical drama movie. It was written and directed by Darnell Martin. It explores the musical era from the early 1940s to the late 1960s. It is about the influential Chicago-based record-company executive Leonard Chess, and a few of the musicians who recorded for Chess Records.

The movie stars Adrien Brody as Leonard Chess, Cedric the Entertainer as Willie Dixon, Mos Def as Chuck Berry, Columbus Short as Little Walter, Jeffrey Wright as Muddy Waters, Eamonn Walker as Howlin' Wolf, and Beyoncé as Etta James.

## Release
The movie was released in North America on December 5, 2008 by TriStar Pictures.

## References
Coffeyville, Kansas

**Coffeyville** is a city in southeastern Montgomery County, Kansas, United States, located along the Verdigris River in the state's southeastern region.  It is the most populous city of Montgomery County and with its southeast Kansas location is in the Tulsa, Oklahoma media market.  The town of South Coffeyville, Oklahoma is located approximately 1 mile south of the city, existing as a separate political entity immediately south of the state line.

## History
The city was first incorporated in 1872, but the charter was ed as illegal. The city was re-incorporated in March 1873.

## Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

### Climate
## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 8,826 people, 3,587 households, and 2,013 families living in Coffeyville. Of the households, 60.0% owned their home and 40.0% rented their home.

The median age was 37.7 years. Of the people, 64.7% were White, 11.2% were Black, 4.2% were Native American, 0.7% were Asian, 0.1% were Pacific Islanders, 6.5% were from some other race, and 12.7% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.6% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 10,295 people, 4,226 households, and 2,456 families living in Coffeyville.

## Media
The *Coffeyville Journal* is the local newspaper. They publish twice per week.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Coffeyville
* Coffeyville - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 445, local school district
;Historical
* *Coffeyville, Kansas: The Town That Stopped the Dalton Gang,* a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
*   Kristine Crispel's horse farm outside Coffeyville has the distinction of being the center of the world—according to Google.
;Maps
* Coffeyville City Map , KDOT
John Graves Simcoe

**John Graves ** Simcoe was a British General and politician.
## Family
Simcoe's father John Simcoe died of pneumonia just before the Battle of Quebec during the Seven Years War while serving in the Royal Navy. To honour his late father, John Graves Simcoe enlisted as an Ensign in the British Army.

## Military service
He was then sent to Boston in the 1770s at the beginning of the American Revolution. He fought for Great Britain against the Rebels during the Siege of Boston. He was  promoted to captain and fought for the British in Pennsylvania in the Battle of Brandywine. Rumor has it that at Brandywine Simcoe commanded his men not to shoot at a number of fleeing rebels one of whom was George Washington. Simcoe wanted to raise a Black Loyalist regiment made entirely of freed slaves. Instead, he was asked to replace Robert Rogers as the commander of the Queen's Rangers. As Lieutenant-Colonel and Commander of the Queen's Rangers he was in several important battles of the Revolutionary War. Simcoe was captured by the French and later freed.  Simcoe also tried to expose Washington's Culper spy ring. Simcoe was shot in the Battle of Yorktown and sent back to England where he wrote a history of the revolutionary war from a British perspective.

## Politics
Simcoe got married to Elizabeth Posthuma Gwillim and he was elected to the House of Commons as a supporter of Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger. He supported banning the slave trade and having Warren Hastings removed from his position as Governor of India. He voted in favor of the Constitutional Act of 1791 which split Quebec into two provinces called Upper Canada and Lower Canada. He offered to lead the British in their war with Spain but instead he was named Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada. Because Simcoe wanted to abolish slavery a group of Upper Canadians sold a woman named Chloe Cooley to Americans and forcibly dragged her onto a boat to the United States of America. Simcoe was horrified by the Chloe Cooley Incident and used it to justify abolishing slavery. Simcoe said " The principles of the British Constitution are fundamentally at odds to that vile practice of slavery which Christianity condemns. When I assume the governorship of Upper Canada I shall never allow discrimination by dishonest practice against those of African, Indian or American descent." Because a number of people in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada were slaveowners Simcoe wasn't able to ban slavery outright. Instead he issued An Act to Prevent the Further Introduction of Slaves also known as the Act to Limit Slavery which said that from now on one who was born in Upper Canada could not be born a slave and it became illegal to buy or sell slaves. Since there were not  many slaves in Upper Canada Simcoe's law abolished slavery within his own lifetime. After that a lot of slaves fled the United States to Upper Canada where they would be free to escape giving rise to what became known as the Underground Railroad.

## Popular Culture 
Simcoe is the main villain of the television show Turn.
William Allen White

**William Allen White** (February 10, 1868 &ndash; January 29, 1944) was an American newspaper editor, politician, author, and leader of the Progressive movement. Between 1896 and his death, White became a  for middle America.

## Early life
White was born in Emporia, Kansas. White moved to El Dorado, Kansas with his parents, Allen and Mary Ann Hatten White. He spent most of his childhood in El Dorado. He loved animals, and he loved reading various books.

## Politics
White became a leader of the Progressive movement in Kansas. He created the Kansas Republican League in 1912. He did this to oppose railroads.  White helped Theodore Roosevelt form the Progressive (Bull-Moose) Party in 1912. He did this to oppose the conservatives helping Republican president William Howard Taft.

## Family
White married Sallie Lindsay in 1893. They had two children, William Lindsay, born in 1900, and Mary Katherine, born in 1904. Mary died in a 1921 horse-riding accident. This led to her father to writing a famous eulogy, "Mary White," on August 17, 1921.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Emporia Gazette & Museum
* William Allen White 
* Profile from Kansas State Historical Society 
* 
* 
* William Allen White House
* William Allen White's printing press, Kansas Museum of History
* This Might Be a Wiki: the tmbg knowledge base
*
Bonner Springs, Kansas

**Bonner Springs** is a city in Wyandotte, Leavenworth, and Johnson counties, Kansas, United States. It is part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. Bonner Springs became a city on November 10, 1898.

## Geography
Bonner Springs is at  (39.0597260, &minus;94.8835754), mostly north of the Kansas River. It is mainly in southwestern Wyandotte County. There are small parts of the city going west into Leavenworth County and south across the Kansas River into Johnson County. It is bordered to the north by Kansas City, Kansas, to the east by Edwardsville, and to the south across the Kansas River by Shawnee. Interstate 70, goes through the northern part of the city. I-70 goes east  to Kansas City, Missouri, and west  to Lawrence. US-73 goes north  to Leavenworth, and K-7 goes south to Olathe. K-32 goes through the center of Bonner Springs close to the Kansas River. It goes east  into Edwardsville and west  to Linwood.

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  are land and , or 2.3%, are water.

### Climate
Bonner Springs has a humid continental climate. They have hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 7,837 people, 3,037 households, and 2,065 families living in Bonner Springs. Of the households, 66.0% owned their home and 34.0% rented their home.

The median age was 37.0 years. Of the people, 76.2% were White, 6.7% were Black, 1.1% were Native American, 0.7% were Asian, 0.2% were Pacific Islanders, 3.8% were from some other race, and 11.3% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.2% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 7,314 people, 2,810 households, and 1,917 families living in Bonner Springs.

## Related pages
*Great Flood of 1951

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Bonner Springs official website
* Bonner Springs – Directory of Public Officials
* Bonner Springs / Edwardsville Area Chamber of Commerce
;Schools
* USD 204, local school district
;Maps
* Bonner Springs City Map , BonnerSprings.org
* Bonner Springs City Map , KDOT
Park City, Kansas

**Park City** is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. It is a suburb of Wichita. In 2020, 8,333 people lived there.

## Geography
Park City is at  (37.799119, -97.322110). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

## People
Park City is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 8,333 people, 3,042 households, and 2,268 families living in Park City. Of the households, 76.4% owned their home and 23.6% rented their home.

The median age was 32.8 years. Of the people, 78.4% were White, 4.9% were Black, 1.5% were Asian, 1.3% were Native American, 3.6% were from some other race, and 10.3% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.7% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 7,297 people, 2,659 households, and 2,039 families living in Park City.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Park City
* Park City - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 259, local school district
* USD 262, local school district
;Maps
* Park City Map , KDOT
Valley Center, Kansas

**Valley Center** is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. It is a suburb of Wichita. In 2020, 7,340 people lived there.

## History
Valley Center was incorporated on September 29, 1885. It was named for its place in the valley of the Arkansas River.

## Geography
Valley Center is at  (37.829719, -97.369341). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it land.

Valley Center is two miles west of combined Interstate 135, U.S. Route 81, and K-15.

## People
Valley Center is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 7,340 people, 2,620 households, and 1,998 families living there. Of the households, 76.1% owned their home and 23.9% rented their home.

The median age was 36.0 years. Of the people, 86.1% were White, 1.4% were Black, 1.0% were Native American, 0.6% were Asian, 2.2% were from some other race, and 8.6% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.9% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 6,822 people, 2,484 households, and 1,862 families living in Valley Center.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Valley Center
* Valley Center - Chamber of Commerce 
;Schools
* USD 262, local school district
* USD 262 School District Boundary Map , KDOT
;Historical
* Theorosa's Bridge 
;Maps
* Valley Center City Map , KDOT
Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site

The **Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site** is an excavation in Siberia.  It has ancient human remains and artifacts.  These remains are 31,000 years old.  Human teeth from the site have been used to analyze DNA. The results show that the people were *Homo sapiens* .  These people were different from already known people.  The archaeologists have named them Ancient North Siberians.  They are more like modern Europeans than like modern Asians.

Siberia was very cold when these people lived.  They hunted large animals like woolly mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, and bison.

## References
Alpine, Wyoming

**Alpine** is a town in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 1,220 at the 2020 census.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Town website
Kaufman, Texas

**Kaufman** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Kaufman County.

## History 
Kaufman was founded in 1840.

## Geography 
Kaufman has a total area of 9 square miles.
Laramie County, Wyoming

**Laramie County** is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States Census, 100,512 people lived there. The county seat is Cheyenne, the state capital. The county lies west of the Nebraska state line and north of the Colorado state line.

The city of Laramie, Wyoming, is in neighboring Albany County.

## History 
Laramie County was created on January 9, 1867.

## Geography 
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.06%) is water.

### Bordering counties 
* Goshen County – north
* Banner County, Nebraska – northeast
* Kimball County, Nebraska – east
* Weld County, Colorado – south 
* Larimer County, Colorado – southwest
* Albany County – west
* Platte County – northwest

## Communities 
### City 
* Cheyenne (county seat)

### Towns 
* Albin
* Burns
* Pine Bluffs

### Census-designated places 
* Carpenter
* Fox Farm-College
* Hillsdale
* Ranchettes
* South Greeley
* FE Warren AFB

### Unincorporated communities 
* Altvan
* Egbert
* Granite
* Horse Creek
* Meriden

## References 
## Other websites 
* Laramie County official website
Pahumara

The **Pahumara River** is a river in the Barpeta district of Assam in India. It is located at latitude 26° 17'0" and longitude 26°17'0". It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River.

It flows through the areas of Puthimari, Medhikuchi, Pathsala, Dhumarkur, Bhawanipur, Kayakuchi and the Barpeta district.

Frequent rains in monsoon season often make the Pahumara river flood in many places, such as paddy fields (underwater fields for growing rice) and roads in the Bahari sub-division of the Barpeta district. During this time the river is quite dangerous.

According to local people, a type of boat race on the Pahumara river has been a tradition of the area for more than 100 years.

## References
Pratt, Kansas

**Pratt** is a city in Pratt County, Kansas, United States. It is the county seat of Pratt County. In 2020, 6,603 people lived there. Pratt has the Pratt Community College.

## History
### 19th century
Pratt was created in 1884. It was named after Caleb S. Pratt. He was a young Civil War officer from the Kansas Infantry. He was killed in the Battle of Wilson's Creek near Springfield, Missouri. The first post office in Pratt was created in June 1884.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad from Herington to Pratt.

## Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

### Climate

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 6,603 people, 2,646 households, and 1,545 families living in Pratt. Of the households, 67.1% owned their home and 32.9% rented their home.

The median age was 37.7 years. Of the people, 86.3% were White, 1.6% were Black, 0.8% were Native American, 0.7% were Asian, 0.1% were Pacific Islanders, 4.4% were from some other race, and 6.1% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.6% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 6,835 people, 2,837 households, and 1,713 families living in Pratt.

## Media
### Newspaper
Pratt has the *Pratt Tribune*.

## Education
### Public schools
Pratt is served by Unified School District 382 and Unified School District 438.
* Pratt High School (grades 9-12)
* Skyline High School (grades K-12)
* Liberty Middle School (grades 5-8)
* Southwest Elementary School (grades PreK-4)
*  Haskins Elementary School & Bridges to Learning (grades K-4)
### Colleges
* Pratt Community College.

## Transportation
There are daily buses. They go east towards Wichita, Kansas and west towards Pueblo, Colorado. The buses are by BeeLine Express (subcontractor of Greyhound Lines).

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Pratt
* Pratt - Directory of Public Officials
* Pratt Chamber of Commerce 
;Schools
* USD 382, local school district
* Pratt Community College Website
;Historical
* Pratt history
;Maps
* Pratt City Map , KDOT
Calvert, Texas

**Calvert** is a city in Texas. According to the 2020 United States Census, the city has a population of 962 people. 

## References
Allied Powers of World War I

**The Allied Powers of World War I** were the countries who fought against the Central Powers in World War I. Major countries included the British Empire, France, the Russian Empire, the United States, Italy, and Japan. Most of these countries would fight alongside each other again in World War II, except that Italy and Japan would fight alongside Germany instead.

 in orange. Gray countries are neutral.]]

The Allied Powers in Europe were already allies before the war began. Serbia was an ally of Russia, and Russia was an ally of Britain and France. The war started because the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia in 1914, which led to a chain reaction of countries declaring war on each other.

At first, the United States was neutral, it was not part of either side. However, after several acts made by Germany against the US, the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and would fight for the Allied Powers.

Russia's campaign against the Central Powers went very poorly. Many Russian soldiers were poorly equipped and trained, many Russians were killed, and poverty and starvation became worse problems than before. Many Russians blamed Czar Nicholas II's poor leadership for Russia's problems, so he was overthrown and sent to exile. The Russian Provisional Government who replaced him also made many Russians upset because they promised that Russia would continue fighting the war. After the March Revolution that overthrew the Czar, communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin made a deal with Germany. The deal was that he would stop the fighting between Russia and Germany if they sent him to Russia to overthrow the government. Lenin's slogan for his communist government was "peace, land, and bread". This meant that the communist government promised no more fighting in the war, land redistribution so that everyone in Russia could have an equal amount of property, and that food would be plentiful. After the Communist Party took over Russia in the October Revolution, they fulfilled their promise to Germany and ended Russia's fighting in the war.

In World War II, Italy would join Germany in the Axis Powers because its leader, Benito Mussolini, had a similar ideology to Nazism. Japan was disappointed with the end of World War I because it did not gain as much as it wanted. Japan would also join the Axis Powers because it thought it would help the Japanese Empire grow faster than if it did with the Allies.
Lincoln County, Wyoming

**Lincoln County** is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 census, 19,581 people lived there. Its county seat is Kemmerer.

Its western border abuts the east border of the state of Utah.

## History 
Lincoln County was created on February 21, 1911. The county was named for Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States.

## Geography 
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.5%) is water.

### Bordering counties 
* Teton County – north
* Sublette County – northeast
* Sweetwater County – east
* Uinta County – south
* Rich County, Utah – southwest
* Bear Lake County, Idaho – west
* Caribou County, Idaho – northwest
* Bonneville County, Idaho – northwest

## Communities 
### City 
* Kemmerer (county seat)

### Towns 
* Afton
* Alpine
* Cokeville
* Diamondville
* La Barge
* Opal
* Star Valley Ranch
* Thayne

### Census-designated places 
* Alpine Northeast
* Alpine Northwest
* Auburn
* Bedford
* Etna
* Fairview
* Fontenelle
* Freedom
* Grover
* Nordic
* Oakley
* Osmond
* Smoot
* Taylor
* Turnerville

### Unincorporated communities 
* Alpine Junction
* Border Junction
* Frontier
* Hamsfork
* Sage

## References 
## Other websites 
* Lincoln County, Wyoming official website
* Star Valley Wyoming in Lincoln County
Kemmerer, Wyoming

**Kemmerer** is a city in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It is the county seat of Lincoln County. The population was 2,415 at the 2020 census.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Kemmerer
Roeland Park, Kansas

**Roeland Park** is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. In 2020, 6,871 people lived there.

## Geography
Roeland Park is at  (39.034705, &minus;94.639211). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it land.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 6,871 people, 3,201 households, and 1,740 families living in Roeland Park. Of the households, 71.8% owned their home and 28.2% rented their home.

The median age was 34.5 years. Of the people, 80.5% were White, 3.7% were Black, 2.0% were Asian, 0.4% were Native American, 0.2% were Pacific Islanders, 4.0% were from some other race, and 9.2% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.0% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 6,731 people, 3,065 households, and 1,732 families living in Roeland Park.

## Education
The city is part of the Shawnee Mission School District.

Roesland Elementary School, St. Agnes Elementary School and Bishop Miege High School are in Roeland Park.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Roeland Park
* Roeland Park - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Roeland Park City Map , KDOT
Hondo, Texas

**Hondo** is a city in and the county seat of Medina County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,289.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Hondo official website
Standard German

**Standard German**, **High German**, or **Standard High German**, (, , or in Swiss Standard German ), is the standardized variety of the German language used in formal occasions, and for communication between different dialect areas. It has three specific regional variants: German Standard German, Austrian Standard German, and Swiss Standard German.

## Related pages 
* History of the German language
* Standard language

## Notes 
## References
Tower of Babel

* by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1563)]]
The **Tower of Babel** (, *Migdal Bavel'') story in Genesis 11:1–9 is a story that explains why the world's peoples speak different languages.

According to the story, a united humanity in the generations following the Great Flood, speaking a single language and migrating westward, comes to the land of Shinar (). There they agree to build a city and a tower tall enough to reach heaven. God, observing their city and tower, felt insulted and confused the humans so that they could no longer understand each other. He then scatters them around the world.

Some modern scholars have associated the Tower of Babel with known structures, notably the Etemenanki, a ziggurat dedicated to the Mesopotamian god Marduk in Babylon. A Sumerian story with some similar elements is told in *Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta*.

## Citations
Standard German phonology

The **phonology of Standard German** is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of German dialects.

## Vowels 
 of standard German, from ]]

### Single vowels 
### Vowel combos 
 of standard German, from ]]

## Consonants 
German has 25 phonemes, which is average among other languages. One of its more unique sounds is the unusual affricate .

### *Ich-Laut* and *ach-Laut* 
'' is the voiceless palatal fricative  (found in the word   'I'), and '''''' is the voiceless velar fricative  (as in   the interjection 'oh', 'alas').   is the German word for 'sound, phone'. 

In German, these two sounds are allophones occurring in complementary distribution. The allophone  occurs after back vowels and  (for instance in   'book'), the allophone  after front vowels (for instance in   'me/myself') and consonants (for instance in   'fear',   'sometimes'). (This happens most regularly: if the  in  is pronounced as a consonant,  represents ; however if, as often happens, it is vocalized as , resembling the vowel , then  may represent , yielding .)

## Notes 
## References 
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* 
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## Other websites 
* Listen to the pronunciation of German first names
Culper spy ring

The **Culper spy ring** was a network of civilian spies which played an important role in the American Revolutionary War. They gave information about British troop movements to General George Washington. 

The network was led by Abraham Woodhull, who used the pseudonym *Samuel Culper*. For this reason, the network was called the Culper spy ring.

## References
Abyssinia Crisis

The **Abyssinia Crisis** happened in 1935. It started with the Walwal incident, a conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Ethiopia (then commonly known as "Abyssinia"). The League of Nations said Italy could not intervene and voted to punish Italy's economy. But the League did not follow through, and Italy quit the League, made special deals with Britain and France and invaded Abyssinia. The crisis made the League look bad, and made Fascist Italy closer friends with Nazi Germany.

Both Italy and Ethiopia did not like each other. The League of Nations said:At places where there is not a single Italian national, a consul establishes himself in an area known as consular territory with a guard of about ninety men, for whom he claims jurisdictional immunity. This is an obvious abuse of consular privileges. The abuse is all the greater that the consul's duties, apart from the supplying of information of a military character, take the form of assembling stocks of arms, which constitute a threat to the peace of the country, whether from the internal or the international point of view.

## Related pages 
* Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1929
* Munich Crisis of 1938

## Notes 
; Footnotes

## Further reading 
* Baer, George W. *Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia, and the League of Nations* (1976).
* 
* Corthorn, Paul Steven. "The British labour party and the League of Nations 1933-5" (PhD disst. Durham University, 1999). online.
* Fronczak, Joseph. "Local People’s Global Politics: A Transnational History of the Hands Off Ethiopia Movement of 1935" *Diplomatic History* (2014): 
* Kent, Peter G. "Between Rome and London: Pius XI, the Catholic Church, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935–1936." *International History Review* 11#2 (1989): 252–271.
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Post Jr, Gaines. "The Machinery of British Policy in the Ethiopian Crisis." *International History Review* 1#4 (1979): 522–541.
* Strang, G. Bruce. "'The Worst of all Worlds:' Oil Sanctions and Italy's Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935–1936." *Diplomacy and Statecraft* 19.2 (2008): 210–235.

## Other websites 
* 
* Ethiopia 1935 to 1936
Lower Canada

The **Province of Lower Canada** was a British colony in Canada. It included Labrador and the southern part of Quebec. It was created in 1791 when Britain split Quebec into two provinces. It was merged in 1841 with the rest of Quebec to form the Province of Canada.

## References
Constitutional Act 1791

The Contitution Act of 1791 is a law issued by the British Parliament under King George III in response to the demands of the United Empire Loyalists asking for elected representation.  It split a British colony called the Province of Quebec into two separate provinces.  The province of Upper Canada since renamed Ontario and the province of Lower Canada since renamed Quebec.  Each was given elected representatives to let the government know what they wanted but who didn't have any actual power.

## References
Evergy

**Evergy** is an electric utility in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. The company was created from a merger of **Westar Energy** of Topeka and **Great Plains Energy** of Kansas City, Missouri. Evergy is the largest electric company in Kansas. They serve 690,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers in the eastern third of Kansas.

## References 
## Other websites 
*