open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hombourg

**Hombourg** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.

## References
*INSEE

## Other websites
Hombourg-Budange

**Hombourg-Budange** is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## References
*INSEE
José Luis Cuevas

**José Luis Cuevas** (February 26, 1934 &ndash; July 3, 2017) was a Mexican artist. He was born in Mexico City.

Cuevas was one of the first to challenge the then dominant Mexican muralism movement as a member of the Generación de la Ruptura (Breakaway Generation). He was a mostly self-taught artist, whose styles and influences are moored to the darker side of life, often depicting distorted figures and the debasement of humanity. He had remained a controversial figure throughout his career, not only for his often shocking images, but also for his opposition to writers and artists who he feels participate in corruption or create only for money.

In 1992, the José Luis Cuevas Museum was opened in the historic center of Mexico City holding most of his work and his personal art collection.

Cuevas died on July 3, 2017 in Mexico City at the age of 83.

## Related pages
* List of Mexican painters

## References
## Other websites
*
* 
*
Russian Football National League

The **Russian Football National League** (Russian: Первенство Футбольной Национальной Лиги, ''Pervenstvo Futbol'noy Natsional'noy Ligi*; previously named the **Russian First Division** (Russian: Первый дивизион; *Pervyy divizion'') is the second level of professional Russian football. The best teams in each season get promoted to the Russian Premier League, while the worst teams in each season get sent to the Professional Football League.

## Clubs 2016–17
## Other websites 
* Football National League Official website
Solvi Stubing

**Solvi Stubing** (19 January 1941 – 3 July 2017) was a German-Italian actress, model and television personality. She was born in Berlin, Stubing obtained wide popularity in Italy with a commercial for Peroni Beer, and starred in many movies, often of modest value, in several genres of Italian cinema.  For many years, between the 1980s and the 1990s, she hosted a number of television programs about cinema.

## References
## Other websites
*
Paolo Villaggio

**Paolo Villaggio** (; 30 December 1932 – 3 July 2017) was an Italian actor, voice actor, writer, director and comedian. He was born in Genoa, Liguria.

He was known for the characters he created with paradoxical and rude characteristics: Professor Kranz, the ultra-timid Giandomenico Fracchia, and the comedic Ugo Fantozzi. He authored several books, usually of satirical character. He also acted in dramatic roles, and appeared in several movies.

Villaggio died in Rome of complications from diabetes on 3 July 2017 at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
Murmansk State Technical University

The **Murmansk State Technical University** (Russian: Мурманский Государственный Технический Университет, *Murmanskiy Gosudarstvennyy Tekhnicheskiy Universitet*; abbreviated as **MSTU** in English and **МГТУ** in Russian) is a public university in Murmansk. It was founded in 1950 as the Murmansk High Marine School (Russian: Мурманское Высшее Мореходное Училище). There are currently around 6,000 to 8,000 students attending the university.

## Faculties and institutes 
* Science and Technology Institute:
** Department of technological and refrigeration equipment
** Department of Chemistry
** Department of Biology
** Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry
** Department of Food Production Technology
* Institute of Distance Education
* Institute additional professional education
* Institute for Scientific Research, Innovation and Technology:
** Department of training of highly qualified personnel
* Marine Institute
** Department of Automation and Computer Engineering
** Department of Mathematics, Information Systems and Software
** Department of Radio and radio systems
** Department of Navigation
** Department of Ship Power Plants
** Department of Technology of metals and ship repair
** Department of Technical Mechanics and Engineering Graphics
** Department of Electrical Department vessels
** Department of Physical Education and Sport
* Faculty of arctic technology:
** Department of marine oil and gas business
** Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering
** Department of General and Applied Physics
** Department of Ecology, systems engineering and safety technospheric
** Department for Energy and Transport
* Faculty of Management and Social Technologies:
** Production Management Department
** Department of Economics
** Department of Philosophy and Law
** Department of Foreign Languages

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Ares (DC Comics)

**Ares** (also sometimes **Mars**) is a fictional supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Based on the Greek mythological figure of the same name, he is the Greek god of war and serves as a major adversary of the superhero Wonder Woman within the DC Universe.

## Fictional character biography 
An immortal being who draws his power from belief and conflict, Ares was worshipped by many on Earth as a god of Olympus. Eventually, that belief waned and the gods stepped back from regularly interfering with humanity. But, centuries later, Ares returned to encourage war through his manipulation of mortals.

## Powers and abilities 
He can shapeshift into any form he wishes and can teleport himself and others. At one time, he was also recognized as the Death God of the Greek Pantheon, having control over the dead and able to resurrect and command a whole army of undead from the Underworld to do his will, and then send them back whenever he wished.

## In other media 
The character has appeared in various forms of media. Alfred Molina voiced him in the 2009 direct-to-video animated movie *Wonder Woman*. Ares later made his live-action debut in the 2017 movie *Wonder Woman* and ''Zack Snyder's Justice League'' (2021), where he is portrayed by English actor David Thewlis.

## References
Darkseid

**Darkseid** (pronounced "Darkside") is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer-artist Jack Kirby, the character made a cameo appearance in ''Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen* #134 (Dec. 1970) before making his full first appearance in *Forever People'' #1 (Feb. 1971). One of the most powerful beings in the DC Universe, the character became a staple Superman villain and a major enemy of the Justice League.

Darkseid was ranked number 6 on IGN's top 100 comic book villains of all time and number 23 on Wizard's 100 greatest villains of all time.

## Publication history 
The character was created by writer-artist Jack Kirby and made a cameo appearance in ''Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen* #134 (Dec. 1970) before making his full first appearance in *Forever People'' #1 (Feb. 1971).

## Fictional character biography 
As the tyrannical ruler of the planet Apokolips and formerly known as **Uxas**, Darkseid's ultimate goal is to conquer the universe and eliminate all free will. 

## Powers and abilities 
Darkseid is an extremely powerful being, filled with godly power. He has great physical strength, invulnerability, and Omega Beams, which are a vision power that is immensely powerful and can even do considerable damage to a Bronze Age Kryptonian. He can control the beams in midair, even after they've left his eyes. Unlike his parents, Darkseid possesses many powers and abilities.

## In other media 
The character has been substantially adapted to various forms of media, most notably being voiced by Frank Welker in *Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show* and *The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians*, by Michael Ironside in the DC animated universe, and by Andre Braugher in *Superman/Batman: Apocalypse*. 

After being referenced multiple times in the DC Extended Universe, Darkseid made his live-action debut in the movie ''Zack Snyder's Justice League'' with Ray Porter playing him in 2021.

## References
Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz

**Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz** is a town in Neustadt an der Waldnaab, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 25&nbsp;km west of Neustadt an der Waldnaab, 30&nbsp;km west of Weiden in der Oberpfalz, and 28&nbsp;km southeast of Bayreuth.  It is also about 1&nbsp;km north of the large US military base in Grafenwöhr.

## References
Hömberg

**Hömberg** is a municipality in the district of Rhein-Lahn, in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany.

## References
The Wild Bunch

and actor William Holden on the set of *The Wild Bunch* (1969)]]
***The Wild Bunch*** is a 1969 American epic Western Technicolor and Panavision movie directed by Sam Peckinpah about an aging outlaw gang on the Texas–Mexico border, trying to exist in the changing modern world of 1913. The movie was controversial because of its graphic violence and its portrayal of crude men attempting to survive by any available means.

The movie, whose screenplay was written by Peckinpah and Walon Green, stars William Holden, Robert Ryan, Ernest Borgnine, Ben Johnson, Alfonso Arau and Warren Oates. It was filmed in Mexico.

## References
Old Synagogue (Erfurt)

The **Old Synagogue** (German:*Alte Synagoge*) in Erfurt, in central Germany, is one of the best preserved medieval synagogues in Europe. The oldest parts were built in the late 11th century. Most parts of the building are from around 1250 to 1320. In 2015 it was proposed as a World Heritage Site.  

It has been a museum of local Jewish history since 2009. The Erfurt Treasure is kept there. This is a collection of medieval coins, jewellery and metalwork found in 1998. The museum also has copies of the Erfurt Hebrew Manuscripts. This is a collection of rare religious manuscripts that belonged to the Jewish community of Erfurt in the middle ages.

## History and preservation
The oldest parts of the building date from 1094. About 1270 a larger synagogue, which included parts of the older building, was built. The western wall of the building dates from this time. It has its six original windows. Another storey was added in the early 1300s. 

From the 19th century, the building was used as a ballroom, a restaurant and even a bowling alley. These changes meant that the Old Synagogue was mostly forgotten about. Its history was not recognised, which helped to protect it during the Nazi period.

In 2015 the Old Synagogue and Mikveh, and a stone house in Erfurt's medieval city centre, also built around 1250 that had belonged to Jews, were proposed as a World Heritage Site. This has been provisionally listed but no final decision has been made.

Moses Samuel Zuckermandel was the first person to point out the importance of the Erfurt Tosefta. He published an important study on it in 1876.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Permanent Delegation of Germany to UNESCO (2015) Old synagogue and Mikveh in Erfurt - UNESCO world heritage centre. 
* Jewish Life in Erfurt. Old synagogue
* Jewish life in Erfurt. Erfurt Treasure
* Jewish life in Erfurt. Erfurt Hebrew Manuscripts
* Jewish life in Erfurt. Mikveh
Hindu reform movements

**Hindu reform movements** in the nineteenth society had many evils prevailing in it like Sati (The practice that a woman will burn herself alive at the funeral pyre of her husband). also female infanticide, which is killing the female child at birth (practised mainly because their parents thought that it was difficult to find difficult grooms for the girls and if found a huge dowry had to be paid to them). It includes polygamy (someone marrying more than one person), child marriage etc.

## Movements
* Ramkrishna Mission was started by Swami Vivekananda in 1896 to propagate the teachings of his guru.
* Brahmo Samaj was formed by Raja Ram Mohan Roy of Bengal in 1828 to end the various evils present in the Indian society.
* Prarthana Samaj was established in Maharashtra by two people: R.G. Bhandarkar and Mahadev Govind Ranade. Gopal Krishna Gokhale also became a part of this Samaj
* Satya Shodhak Samaj was formed by Jyotibha Phule in 1848 in Maharashtra.
* Sri Narayana Dharma Paropalana Yogam was founded by Sri Narayana Guru in Kerala basically for the upliftment of the lower castes
* Arya Samaj was formed by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875. He made it to revive and reform the Hindu religion and bring back the Hindus who had embraced either Islam or Christianity. 
* The Theosophical Society was founded by Madame H.P. Blavatsky and H.S. Olcott in New York in 1882. They later set up their branch in India at Adyar in Chennai in 1886. Annie Bessant carried on its work in India.
Murmansk

**Murmansk** (Russian: Му́рманск) is a port city in northwestern Russia. It is located within the Murmansk Oblast. As of 2019, the city has a population of 292,465 people.

## History 
The first Murmansk settlement was founded in 1915. It was needed during World War I so Russia's allies could send supplies to a port that wasn't blocked by winter ice as Archangelsk and Saint Petersburg were. The location soon had a naval base and port. The settlement became an official city in 1916, and was named **Romanov-on-Murman** (Russian: Рома́нов-на-Му́рмане, Romanov-na-Murmane). The city was given its current name on 16 April 1917.

From 1918 to 1920, during the Russian Civil War, the city was occupied by the White army and the Triple Entente.

During World War II, the city was an important link to the Western world for the Soviet Union. They traded supplies during the war. In 1941, the German and Finnish forces launched Operation Silver Fox with the goal of capturing Murmansk. The Soviets defeated the invaders, but Murmansk suffered a lot of destruction.

Murmansk is headquarters of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. During the Cold War it was a center for Soviet submarine activity.

In 1974, a large 36 meter (118 feet) tall monument was built in the city. It is called the Alyosha Monument. It was built in remembrance of all who fought for Murmansk in World War II. On 6 May 1985, Murmansk was formally called a Hero City (which is a title awarded to cities in the Soviet Union that performed outstanding heroism during WW2).

The Arctic Hotel opened in 1984, and became the tallest building above the Arctic Circle.

## Economy 
The main industries in Murmansk are fishing, sea transport, rail and road transportation, marine geology, etc.

## Demographics 
The city's population has been shrinking since 1992. At it's peak, the city had a population of around 489,000 people in 1989. Between 1989 and 1992, more than 28,000 people left the city. This was because of the sudden deterioration in the economic situation.

According to the 2010 census, the ethnic composition is:

* Russian : 89.6%
* Ukrainian : 4.6%
* Belarusian : 1.6%
* Tatar : 0.8%
* others : 3.4%

In 2016, 16.5% of the population was under 15 years of age, while 54.7% was between 16 and 56, and 28.7% of the population was older than 56. This means that the city has a older population compared to the entire Murmansk Oblast.

## Climate 
Murmansk has a subarctic climate. This means that the city has long and cold winters and short, cool summers. Murmansk is above the arctic circle, so the city experiences polar nights.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website of Murmansk 
*News of Murmansk 
*Interactive map of Murmansk 
*Barentsnova.com, Murmansk business news, statistics
*Murmansk's gorgeous garages — a photo journal by BBC news journalist Jorn Madslien
*Video overview of Murmansk in English, 4½ minutes, 2009
*British North Russian Expeditionary Force 1918–1919 (based at Murmansk)
*"Big-dollar deals tempt Arctic firms" BBC article on the energy industry's effect on Murmansk
Color rendering index

with the lamp and smooth rainbow appears, CRI number of the lamp is probably high.]]

**Color rendering index** (CRI) is a number rating given to light bulbs or lamps for how "right" they make colors look. This number is usually written on the side of the light bulb's box. The CRI number can be as high as 100, or as low as zero; and sometimes it can go under zero. A high CRI number is good; it means colors will look right and real. A low CRI number is bad; it means colors will look wrong and weird.

However, there is a limit to what a CRI number can say. A good CRI number can guarantee correct colors only when the light itself is white. This is because of limits on how scientists test them. Candles and incandescent light bulbs have CRI 100 but they are not white, so we cannot rely on them to make stuff show real colors.

The CRI number of daylight at noon is 100, because this is the natural way people see colors. Good fluorescent tubes or LED lamps have a CRI 80 or more. Anything white with a CRI 80 or more is good enough for homes. The orange sodium vapor lamp has CRI lower than 0, so they are only used as streetlamps.

## Related pages
* Color temperature
* Spectrum

## References
Quaestor

A '''** (, ) was a public official in Ancient Rome. A quaestor did different jobs at different times in Roman history. In the Roman Kingdom, quaestors were appointed by the king to investigate murders. In the Roman Republic, quaestors supervised the state treasury and conducted audits. It was the lowest ranking position in the public service. Because of this many people wanting to become politicians became quaestors as a first step in their career. In the Roman Empire, quaestors were at first relaced by the **' (prefect). Later quaestors became a position appointed by the emperor to lead the imperial council and deal with petitioners.

In modern Italy and Romania, a quaestor is a senior ranking officer on the police force. In some organizations, a quaestor is in charge of the finances, similar to a treasurer in other organizations.

## References
Moscow Oblast

.]]

**Moscow Oblast** (Russian: Моско́вская о́бласть, *Moskovskaya oblast*) is a federal subject of Russia. It is located in western Russia, and it completely surrounds Moscow. The oblast has no capital, and oblast officials reside in Moscow or in other cities within the oblast. As of 2015, the oblast has a population of 7,231,068 people.

Balashikha is the biggest city in the oblast, with a population of 215,494 people in 2010.

## Geography 
The oblast is located in the central part of the East European Plain.
The largest rivers are Oka, Moskva and Klyazma.

## History 
In 1708 Moscow governorate became one of the 8 first ones in Russia.

In 1929 was established Central Industrial Oblast, in little time renamed in Moscow Oblast.

The Battle of Moscow was fought in the oblast.

## Demographics 
According to the 2010 census, the ethnic composition is:

Below is the religious composition of the city:

* Russian Orthodox : 45.5%
* Atheism : 9.0%
* Other Christianity : 3.0%
* Other Orthodoxy : 2.0%
* Rodnovery : 1.0%
* Islam : 1.0%
* Other, undeclared or "spiritual but not religious" : 38.5%

The largest cities are:
*Balashikha - 507,307
*Podolsk - 309,250
*Khimki - 257,757

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Official website of Moscow Oblast
Kataragama temple

The **Kataragamam temple** (, ) complex dedicated to Skanda-Kumara and is one of the few religious sites in Sri Lanka that is venerated by the majority Sinhala Buddhists, Hindu minority Sri Lankan Tamil people, Sri Lankan Moors and the Vedda people. It is a collection of modest shrines, of which the one dedicated to Skanda-Kumara, is the most important.

It has been considered hallowed ground since almost three hundred years before the birth of Christ, and is one of the sixteen places said to have been consecrated by Gautama Buddha as he meditated. It was built approximately between 1100 - 1500. 

Legend has it that this happened during the Buddha's third visit to Sri Lanka, during the reign of the provincial King Mahasena in the sixth century BC.
Kataragama is sacred to Lord Murugan, also familiarly known as Kartikeya. Lord Muruga has many shrines and places of worship. Among them are  Alaivai, now known as Tiruchendur, a shrine on the southern coast of India about 36 miles from Tinnevelly; Avinankudi, now called as Palani Malai (Palani Hills), about the same distance from Dindigul; and Tiru-Erakam, now known as Swamimalai, a hill about four miles from Kumbakonam. Three of the shrines are situated amid mountains and forests, the deity is known as the God of the mountaneous regions.

Muruga is worshipped as a deity whom embodies the pure Hindu ideal of God being in all things and manifesting himself wherever he is called to with love. There are many stories about Murugan, or Skanda-Kumara as He is more commonly known there. Skanda-Kumara's place of worship is held dear by many Sri Lankans who consider the Kataragama complex and its temples holy and make annual pilgrimages there.

But perhaps the most unique feature of Kataragama, and what makes it really stand out is its relative unassumingness. Almost all its shrines are unremarkable minor buildings free of any embellishment. There is absolutely no representation of deities decorating the exterior of the buildings.

This is in marked contrast to any other Hindu temple in Sri Lanka or India, that are usually covered with carvings and statues of gods and goddesses in colourful scene. Practically all the shrines are made out of stone with the exception of one dedicated to the Goddess Valli which has been constructed with timber.

Almost 2500 years later, Kataragama still holds a special place in the heart of devotees of Lord Muruga.

## References
Water taxi

and bus stops in Venice]]
, Isle of Wight]]
]]
 Water Taxi]]
 Water bus]]
A **water taxi** (or called a **water bus** or **sightseeing boat**), is a watercraft used to provide public or private transport in an urban area. A water taxi might make multiple stops, similar to a bus, or to on-demand locations, similar to a taxi. A boat service going between two points would normally be called a ferry rather than a water bus or taxi.

## Locations
Water buses and water taxis are used in the following locations:

## References
## Other websites
Daniil Granin

**Daniil Alexandrovich Granin** () (1 January 1919 – 4 July 2017), original family name **German** (),
was an author born in the former Soviet Union. Granin started writing in the 1930s. Granin served as a board member of the Leningrad Union of Writers, and he was a winner of many medals and honors including the State Prize for Literature in 1978 and Hero of Socialist Labor 1989.

## References
## Other websites
Chris Roberts (singer)

**Chris Roberts** (**Christian Klusáček**; March 13, 1946 &ndash; July 2, 2017) was a German Schlager singer and actor. He was married to the singer and actress Claudia Roberts. They often performed on stage together. He was born in Munich.

Roberts represented Luxembourg as a part of a sextet in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 in which they sang "Children, Kinder, Enfants". They got 37 points and came 13th place overall.

The first two singles ''Baby's gone* and *Welchen Weg soll ich gehen (One more mountain to climb)'' were released with his artist name **Chris Robert**.

Roberts died in Berlin of pancreatic cancer on July 2, 2017 at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alfonso Arau

**Alfonso Arau Incháustegui** (born January 11, 1932) is a Mexican actor, screenwriter and director. He was born in Mexico City. His career began in 1954. He was known for his roles as Captain Herrera in Sam Peckinpah's 1969 western, *The Wild Bunch*,  chief bandit El Guapo in *Three Amigos!* (1986), shady businessman Manuel in the comedy *Used Cars* (1980), and the smuggler Juan in *Romancing the Stone* (1984). He directed the movies *Zapata: The Dream of a Hero*, *Like Water for Chocolate* and *A Walk in the Clouds*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Santa Fe Film Festival
Adriano Galliani

**Adriano Galliani** (born 30 July 1944) is an Italian entrepreneur and football executive. He served as Deputy vice-chairman and CEO of AC Milan since 1986. During his tenure, Milan have won five European Cup / UEFA Champions League and eight Serie A titles among other achievements.

In 2011, Galliani was inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.

## References
## Other websites
* Interview at lamescolanza.com 
* Profile at magliarossonera.it
Amala Shankar

**Amala Shankar** (; 27 June 1919 &ndash; July 24, 2020) was an Indian ballerina, actress and artist. She is the wife of Uday Shankar and mother of Ananda Shankar and Mamata Shankar and sister-in-law of Ravi Shankar. Shankar acted in the movie Kalpana directed by Uday Shankar.

Shankar acted in the movie *Kalpana* (1948). The movie was directed by Uday Shankar. Amala played the character of Uma. Amala Shankar attended 2012 Cannes Film Festival where the movie was screened.

Shankar died in Kolkata on July 24, 2020 at the age of 101.

## References
## Other websites
*
West Ruislip tube station

**West Ruislip** is a station located on Ickenham Road between Ickenham and Ruislip in the London Borough of Hillingdon in Greater London formerly in Middlesex; it is served by both London Underground (LU) and National Rail trains on independent platforms. It is the western terminus of the LU Central line's West Ruislip branch, with Ruislip Gardens as the next Underground station towards central London. The Central line and Chiltern Railways platforms and ticket office hall are managed by LU. The closest station on the Metropolitan line and Piccadilly line is Ickenham which is 1.1 km from West Ruislip Station.

## The station today
The West Ruislip station is aligned approximately east-west with the main station buildings on the road overbridge across the lines at the western end of the station. The station has four platforms; two each for London Underground and National Rail services. The London Underground tracks are south of the National Rail ones and operate from an island platform whilst the National Rail platforms are outside of their tracks. The National Rail platforms are also served by a separate station building north of the tracks and adjacent to the car park. In a legacy of the original scheme to continue the extension to Denham, the Central line tracks continue for a short distance beyond the station before ending at buffers. The intended alignment of the unbuilt tracks can be seen from the width of the unused railway land south of the existing tracks.

The Central line's Ruislip depot is east of West Ruislip station, and has a connection via a shunting neck to the Network Rail westbound track west of the station to allow rolling stock and material deliveries. The depot also has a connection to the Uxbridge branch tracks of the Metropolitan and Piccadilly Lines which pass under the Central line east of West Ruislip; it is used only for empty stock movements and works train access. Two sidings west of the station to the north of the running lines provide layover facilities for works trains.

There are ticket barriers at the main entrance to the station; these control access to the Central line platforms from the public highway and from the pedestrian walkway linking the car park to the station. The Chiltern platforms can be reached from the car park walkway without tickets, as no ticket barriers are installed to control access
Arrondissement of Saint-Claude

The **arrondissement of Saint-Claude** is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Jura *département* in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Its capital, and subprefecture of the department, is the city of Saint-Claude.

## History
When the *arrondissements* of Jura were created in 1800, Saint-Claude was one of them in the Jura department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Saint-Claude is in the southwest of the Jura *département*; it is the smaller *arrondissement* with an area of . It has a population of 50,909 inhabitants, the *arrondissement* with fewest people living in it, and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The *arrondissement* of Saint-Claude is bordered to the north and west by the *arrondissement* Lons-le-Saunier, to the east by Switzerland and to the south by the Ain *département.*

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Saint-Claude, there are five cantons and three of them have all their "communes" in the *arrondissement*:

# Moirans-en-Montagne (3909) (partly)
# Morez (3911)
# Saint-Claude (3914)
# Saint-Laurent-en-Grandvaux (3915) (partly)
# Saint-Lupicin (3916)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Saint-Claude has 60 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Avignon-lès-Saint-Claude (39032)
# Bellecombe (39046)
# Bellefontaine (39047)
# Bois-d'Amont (39059)
# Les Bouchoux (39068)
# Chancia (39102)
# Charchilla (39106)
# Chassal (39113)
# Château-des-Prés (39115)
# Châtel-de-Joux (39118)
# La Chaumusse (39126)
# Nanchez (39130)
# La Chaux-du-Dombief (39131)
# Choux (39151)
# Coiserette (39157)
# Coyrière (39174)
# Coyron (39175)
# Crenans (39179)
# Les Crozets (39184)
# Étival (39216)
# Fort-du-Plasne (39232)
# Grande-Rivière (39258)
# Jeurre (39269)
# Lac-des-Rouges-Truites (39271)
# Lajoux (39274)
# Lamoura (39275)
# Larrivoire (39280)
# Lavancia-Épercy (39283)
# Lavans-lès-Saint-Claude (39286)
# Lect (39289)
# Leschères (39293)
# Longchaumois (39297)
# Maisod (39307)
# Martigna (39318)
# Meussia (39328)
# Moirans-en-Montagne (39333)
# Molinges (39339)
# Montcusel (39351)
# Morbier (39367)
# Hauts de Bienne (39368)
# Les Moussières (39373)
# La Pesse (39413)
# Les Piards (39417)
# Pratz (39440)
# Prémanon (39441)
# Ravilloles (39453)
# La Rixouse (39460)
# Rogna (39463)
# Les Rousses (39470)
# Saint-Claude (39478)
# Saint-Laurent-en-Grandvaux (39487)
# Coteaux du Lizon (39491)
# Saint-Pierre (39494)
# Septmoncel Les Molunes (39510)
# Vaux-lès-Saint-Claude (39547)
# Villard-Saint-Sauveur (39560)
# Villards-d'Héria (39561)
# Villard-sur-Bienne (39562)
# Viry (39579)
# Vulvoz (39585)

The *communes* in the *arrondissement* with more inhabitants are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Jura department
* Communes of the Jura department

## References
List of places in Kent

The following is a **list of cities, towns and villages in the county of Kent**, England, by letter:  
 __NOTOC__

## Related pages
*:Category:Civil parishes in Kent
*:Category:Towns in Kent
*:Category:Villages in Kent
*List of places in England
Jack Collom

**John Aldridge "Jack" Collom** (November 8, 1931 – July 2, 2017) was an American poet, essayist, and pedagogue. His twenty-five books include *Red Car Goes By: Selected Poems 1955-2000,* *Situation Sings* (with Lyn Hejinian), and *Second Nature*, which won the 2013 Colorado Book Award for Poetry. 

In the field of education and pedagogy, he made unique contributions in the subjects of eco-literature, ecopoetics, and creative writing instruction for children.

Collon died in Boulder, Colorado from respiratory failure caused by lung cancer on July 2, 2017, aged 85.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
*On Sound and Rhythm: A Way to Start Teaching Poetry to Children and Young Adults  – an excerpt from  *Poetry Everywhere: Teaching Poetry Writing in School and in the Community.*
*Learning the Chant Poem an excerpt from *Old Faithful: 18 Writers Present Their Favorite Writing Assignments.*
ME postcode area

, DA, RM, SS and TN postcode areas.]]

The **ME postcode area**, also known as the **Rochester postcode area**, is a group of twenty postcode districts around Medway in Kent, England, the letters in the postcode are derived from. The area is divided into eleven post towns and extends into the districts of Tonbridge and Malling, Swale, Gravesham and Maidstone, as well as all of Medway.

__TOC__

## Coverage
Table showing postcode districts:

|-
! ME1
|ROCHESTER
|Rochester, Borstal, Burham, Wouldham
|Medway, Tonbridge and Malling
|-
! ME2
|ROCHESTER
|Strood, Halling, Cuxton, Frindsbury
|Medway
|-
! ME3
|ROCHESTER
|Hoo Peninsula, Higham
|Medway, Gravesham
|-
! ME4
|CHATHAM
|Chatham, Brompton, Luton, St. Mary's Island
|Medway
|-
! ME5
|CHATHAM
|Walderslade, Blue Bell Hill, Lordswood, Luton 
|Medway, Tonbridge and Malling & Maidstone
|-
! ME6
|SNODLAND
|Snodland
|Tonbridge and Malling
|-
! ME7
|GILLINGHAM
|Gillingham, Brompton, Hempstead, Bredhurst
|Medway, Maidstone
|-
! ME8
|GILLINGHAM
|Rainham, Parkwood, Twydall, Hempstead, Wigmore
|Medway
|-
! ME9
|SITTINGBOURNE
|Newington, Teynham, Iwade and Rural
|Swale
|-
! ME10
|SITTINGBOURNE
|Sittingbourne, Kemsley, Milton Regis
|Swale
|-
! ME11
|QUEENBOROUGH
|Queenborough, Rushenden
|Swale
|-
! ME12
|SHEERNESS
|Isle of Sheppey, Minster, Sheerness, Eastchurch
|Swale
|-
! ME13
|FAVERSHAM
|Faversham, Boughton under Blean, Selling and rural area
|Swale
|-
! ME14
|MAIDSTONE
|Maidstone (north and east), Bearsted, Grove Green
|Maidstone
|-
! ME15
|MAIDSTONE
| Maidstone (south), Bearsted (Madginford), Downswood, Shepway, Senacre,  Loose, Mangravet, Park Wood, Tovil, East Farleigh, West Farleigh
|Maidstone
|-
! ME16
|MAIDSTONE
| Maidstone (west of the River Medway), Barming, Allington 
|Maidstone
|-
! ME17
|MAIDSTONE
| Hollingbourne, Hucking, Harrietsham, Lenham, Boughton Monchelsea, Linton, Coxheath, Chart Sutton, East Sutton, Langley, Kingswood, Sutton Valence
|Maidstone
|-

! ME18
|MAIDSTONE
| Wateringbury, Mereworth, Teston, Nettlestead, West Peckham, Yalding, Laddingford
|Maidstone, Tonbridge and Malling
|-

! ME19
|WEST MALLING
|West Malling, Kings Hill, Leybourne, East Malling
|Tonbridge and Malling
|-
! ME20
|AYLESFORD
|Aylesford, Ditton, Larkfield, Eccles
|Tonbridge and Malling
|-
! ME99
| ROCHESTER
| *Jobcentre Plus*
| *non-geographic*
|}

## Related pages
*List of postcode areas in the United Kingdom

## References
## Other websites
*Royal Mail's Postcode Address File
*A quick introduction to Royal Mail's Postcode Address File (PAF)
List of postcode areas in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is divided by Royal Mail into **postcode areas**. The postcode area is the largest geographical unit used and forms the first characters of the alphanumeric UK postcode.

## Subdivision
Each postcode area is divided into post towns and postcode districts.

## Scope
The single or pair of letters chosen for postcode areas are generally a mnemonic for the places served. and Ascension Island to Asunción, Paraguay, and many on-line companies will not accept addresses lacking a postcode.  Such mail is treated as international, not inland, so sufficient postage must be used.

## Related pages
*List of postcode districts in the United Kingdom
*Postcodes in the United Kingdom

## References
## Other websites
*Office for National Statistics - Postal geography
*OpenStreetMap - Postcode map
*UK Postcode Finder 
*Strowger net: postcodes of the UK 
*Direct Marketing Lists UK postcode map  
*Business Lists UK postcode map  
*FREE Vector UK Postcode Maps 
*PostcodeArea - Demographics, maps, crime rates, house prices and local information for all UK postcodes
*Strange Maps - Frank Jacobs - Diagrammatic Map -http://bigthink.com/ideas/21163 
*Area Information  - Wide variety of information for each UK postcodes. Housing information to residential data, crime statistics to sold house prices.
FC Spartak Vladikavkaz

**Football Club Spartak Vladikavkaz** (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Спартак» Владикавказ, ''Futbol'nyy klub «Spartak» Vladikavkaz*) is a football club based in Vladikavkaz. The club was founded in 1921, and won their first league title in the 1995 Russian Top League.

## Honours 
; Russian Premier League
***Winners (1):** 1995
**Runners-up (2):* 1992, 1996
; Russian Cup
**Runners-up (1):* 2010-11
;Soviet First League
***Winners (1):** 1990
;Russian Football National League
**Runners-up (1):* 2011-12
;Soviet Second League / Russian Professional Football League
***Winners (2):** 1983, 2006
**Runners-up (2):'' 1966, 1982

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
Rudy Rotta

**Rudy Rotta** (14 October 1950 – 3 July 2017) was an Italian blues guitarist.

Rotta was born in Villadossola, Italy, but was raised in Lucerne, Switzerland where his family emigrated. He began his career in Switzerland at the age of 14, but eventually returned to Verona. 

Over his career, he played with a number of well-known blues artists including Brian Auger, John Mayall, Robben Ford and Peter Green. 

Rotta died on 3 July 2017 in Verona from pancreatic cancer, aged 66.

## References
Jens Christian Skou

**Jens Christian Skou** (; October 8, 1918 &ndash; May 28, 2018) was a Danish medical doctor and Nobel laureate. He was born in Lemvig, Denmark. In 1997, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (together with Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker) for his discovery of Na+,K+-ATPase.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1993.

Skou died on 28 May 2018 in Aarhus, Denmark at the age of 99, five months short of his 100th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*Nobelprize.org - Autobiography of Jens Christian Skou
*Nobelprize.org - Jens C. Skou's Nobel Lecture on "The Identification of the Sodium-Potassium Pump"
Joachim Meisner

**Joachim Meisner** (25 December 1933 – 5 July 2017) was a German Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was born in Breslau, Germany (modern Wrocław, Poland).

Meisner was the immediate past Archbishop of Cologne, serving from 1989 until his resignation was accepted by Pope Francis in 2014. He previously served as Bishop of Berlin from 1980 to 1989, and was created a cardinal in 1983. He was widely considered to be Germany's leading conservative Roman Catholic figure.

Meisner died on 5 July 2017 while vacationing in Bad Füssing in Bavaria of cardiac arrest, aged 83.

## References
Gene Conley

**Donald Eugene "Gene" Conley** (November 10, 1930 &ndash; July 4, 2017) was a Major League Baseball pitcher and basketball player of the NBA. He was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma.

Conley played 11 seasons from 1952 to 1963 for four different teams. Conley also played forward in the 1952–53 NBA season and from 1958 to 1964 for two teams in the National Basketball Association. 

He was best known for being one of only two people (the other being Otto Graham–1946 NBL and AAFC Championship, plus three more AAFC and three NFL championships) to win championships in two of the four major American sports, one with the Milwaukee Braves in the 1957 World Series and three Boston Celtics championships from 1959–61.

Conley died in Foxborough, Massachusetts on July 4, 2017 at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*BaseballLibrary.com: Gene Conley 
*Baseball-Reference.com: Gene Conley
*Basketball-Reference.com: Gene Conley 
*SABR Baseball Research Project: Gene Conley
*Conley had twice as much fun at The Boston Globe
Strood railway station

**Strood railway station** is a railway station in Strood in Kent. The station is on the North Kent Line.

## Services
Services at Strood are run by Southeastern and Thameslink, They use , , ,  and  EMUs.

The off-peak service is:
* 2 trains per hour to  via  and 
* 2 trains per hour to London St Pancras International
* 2 trains per hour to 
* 1 train per hour to 
* 1 train per hour to 
* 2 trains per hour to  via 

Some trains go to and from London Charing Cross via , Some trains go to London St Pancras International and Maidstone West via Strood. Some trains also go to .

## References
Choi Eun-hee

**Choi Eun-hee** (November 20, 1926 – April 16, 2018) was a South Korean actress. She began her movie career in 1947 in the movie *A New Oath*. For the next 20 years, she was one of the biggest stars in Korean movies and led the Shin Film company along with her husband, the director Shin Sang-ok. She was born in Gwangju, Gyeonggi.

## Career 
According to the Internet Movie Database, from 1955 to 1985, Choi appeared in eighty-one movies. She received the award for best actress at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival in 1985, for her part in the movie *Sogum*.

## Personal life 
In 1978, Choi and Shin, whom she had recently divorced due to Shin having committed adultery, were kidnapped in Hong Kong to North Korea by order of Kim Jong-il. Kim's plan was to have Shin work as his propagandist and for Choi to be the star. Shortly after agreeing to the demands of Kim, they were remarried at his recommendation. The couple finally staged their escape in 1986 while on a trip to Vienna, fleeing to the United States embassy and requesting political asylum.

Choi died on April 16, 2018 in Seoul, South Korea of kidney failure at the age of 91.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Inside the mind of Kim Jong-il, BBC, July 21, 2003, retrieved January 29, 2006
* Kidnapped by North Korea, Mike Thomson, BBC, March 5, 2003, retrieved January 29, 2006
2019 Africa Cup of Nations

The **2019 Africa Cup of Nations** (also called **AFCON 2019** and **CAN 2019**) was the 32nd edition of the Africa Cup of Nations tournament. The tournament to be hosted by Cameroon, but on January 9th CAF changed the host. Egypt was the host of this tournament. It was held from 21 June to 19 July 2019.

## Teams 
Because they withdrew from the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification, Chad is banned from the tournament.

### Qualified teams
The following teams qualified for the tournament:

## Group stage 
The draw took place on the 19th of October 2016 in Libreville.

### Group A 
### Group B 
### Group C 
### Group D 
### Group E 
### Group F 
## Knockout stage 
### Final 
## References
2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group D

**Group D** of the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament is one of 12 groups to decide what team will qualify to play in the final tournament. The group includes four teams: Algeria, Benin, Gambia and Togo.

## Standings

## Matches
----

----

----

----

----

## Goalscorers
;2 goal

* Baghdad Bounedjah
* Assan Ceesay

;1 goal

* Ramy Bensebaini
* Sofiane Hanni
* Sessi D'Almeida
* Stéphane Sessègnon
* Floyd Ayité
* Kévin Denkey

## Notes
## References 
## Other websites 
* 32nd Edition Of Total Africa Cup Of Nations, CAFonline.com
Chatham railway station

**Chatham railway station** is a railway station in Chatham in Kent. The station is a 10 to 15 minute walk to/from the Pentagon Shopping Centre and the high street.

## Services 
Train services at Chatham are run by Southeastern and Thameslink, They use , , ,  and  EMUs.

The off-peak service is:

* 2 trains per hour to London St Pancras International
* 3 trains per hour to  (2 of these run non-stop from  and 1 runs via )
* 2 trains per hour to  via  and 
* 1 trains per hour to 
* 2 trains per hour to 
* 1 trains per hour to 
* 1 trains per hour to  via 
* 2 trains per hour to 

Some trains to and from London Charing Cross via , Some fast trains go to and from London Cannon Street at peak hours.

## References
John Rodriguez

**John R. Rodriguez** (February 12, 1937 – July 5, 2017) was a Guyanaese-born Canadian politician. He was born in Georgetown, Guyana. He served as the mayor of Greater Sudbury, Ontario from 2006 to 2010, and previously represented the electoral district of Nickel Belt in the Canadian House of Commons from 1972 to 1980 and from 1984 to 1993 as a member of the New Democratic Party.

Rodriguez died on July 5, 2017 in Greater Sudbury, Ontario of heart failure at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Text of Rodriguez's inaugural address as mayor, from the City of Greater Sudbury official website
Knut Hamsun

**Knut Hamsun** (August 4, 1859 – February 19, 1952) was a Norwegian author and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature, in 1920.

An obituary he wrote for Adolf Hitler was published on 7 May 1945 in Aftenposten (a newspaper).

## Personal life
He married Marie Hamsun. Their children include Tore Hamsun.

## After death
In 1978, Gabriel Langfeldt released a book that listed the entire [written] statement of the court-appointed [medical] experts, from Hamsun's trial; spokesman for the Hamsun family - Leif Hamsun (a grandchild of Knut Hamsun) - said that after Langfeldt revealed my grandparents [privileged interviews with court-appointed experts], there is little that is private anymore.

## Bibliography
*1877 *Den Gaadefulde. En kjærlighedshistorie fra Nordland* (The name of the author, is listed as **Knud Pedersen**.)
*1878 *Et Gjensyn* (Published as Knud Pedersen Hamsund)
*1878 *Bjørger* (Published as Knud Pedersen Hamsund)
*1889 *Lars Oftedal. Udkast* (11 articles, previously printed in *Dagbladet*)
*1889 *Fra det moderne Amerikas Aandsliv* (*The Spiritual Life of Modern America*)
*1890 *Sult* (*Hunger*)
*1892 *Mysterier* (*Mysteries*)
*1893 *Redaktør Lynge*
*1893 *Ny Jord* (*Shallow Soil*)
*1894 *Pan* (*Pan*)
*1895 *Ved Rigets Port* (*At the Gate of the Kingdom*)
*1896 *Livets Spil* (*The Game of Life*)
*1897 *Siesta*
*1898 *Aftenrøde. Slutningspil*
*1898 *Victoria. En kjærlighedshistorie*  (*Victoria*)
*1902 *Munken Vendt. Brigantines saga I*
*1903 *I Æventyrland. Oplevet og drømt i Kaukasien* (*In Wonderland*)
*1903 *Dronning Tamara*, play
*1903 *Kratskog*
*1904 *Det vilde Kor*, poetry (*The Wild Choir*)
*1904 *Sværmere* (*Mothwise*, 1921), (*Dreamers*)
*1905 *Stridende Liv. Skildringer fra Vesten og Østen*
*1906 *Under Høststjærnen. En Vandrers Fortælling* (*Under the Autumn Star*)
*1908 *Benoni* *Benoni*
*1908 ''Rosa: Af Student Parelius' Papirer* (*Rosa*)
*1909 *En Vandrer spiller med Sordin* (*A Wanderer Plays on Muted Strings*)
*1909 *En Vandrer spiller med Sordin* (*Wanderers*)
*1910 *Livet i Vold*, play (*In the Grip of Life*)
*1912 *Den sidste Glæde* (*The Last Joy*; also known as *Look Back in Happiness*)
*1913 *Børn av Tiden* (*Children of the Age*)
*1915 *Segelfoss By 1* (Volume 1) (*Segelfoss Town*) 
*1915 *Segelfoss By 2* (Volume 2) (*Segelfoss Town*)
*1917 *Markens Grøde 1* (*Growth of the Soil*)
*1917 *Markens Grøde 2* 
*1918 *Sproget i Fare* 
*1920 *Konerne ved Vandposten I* (*The Women at the Pump*) 
*1920 *Konerne ved Vandposten II* 
*1923 *Siste Kapitel I* (Volume 1) (*The Last Chapter*) 
*1923 *Siste Kapitel II* (Volume 2) (*The Last Chapter*) 
*1927 *Landstrykere I* (*Wayfarers*) 
*1927 *Landstrykere II* 
*1930 *August I* (Volume 1) (*August*) 
*1930 *August II* (Volume 2) (*August*) 
*1933 *Men Livet lever I* (Volume 1) (*The Road Leads On*) 
*1933 *Men Livet lever II* (Volume 2) (*The Road Leads On*) 
*1936 *Ringen sluttet* (*The Ring is Closed*)
*1949 *Paa gjengrodde Stier* (*On Overgrown Paths'')

Nobel Prize-winning writer Isaac Bashevis Singer translated some of his works.

## References
Gillingham railway station

**Gillingham railway station** may mean:

*Gillingham (Kent) railway station, the railway station in Kent
*Gillingham (Dorset) railway station, the railway station in Dorset
Rainham railway station

**Rainham railway station** may mean:

*Rainham (Kent) railway station, the railway station in Kent
*Rainham (Essex) railway station, the railway station in London
Rochester railway station (disambiguation)

**Rochester railway station** or **Rochester station** may mean:

* Rochester railway station in Kent, England
* Rochester railway station, Victoria in Victoria, Australia
* Rochester station, New York in Rochester, New York
Durchhausen

**Durchhausen** is a municipality in Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Brusio

**Brusio** is a municipality in the district of Bernina in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## Villages
Viano, Cavaione, Campocologno, Campascio, Miralago and Zalende

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Buchs, St. Gallen

**Buchs** is a small city in Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the city of Buchs 
*
B&Q

**B&Q plc** is a British DIY and home improvement retailing company in the United Kingdom. Its main offices are in Eastleigh, Hampshire, England. It is owned by Kingfisher plc.

It was founded in 1969 by Richard Block and David Quayle as **Block & Quayle**.

As of July 2017, B&Q has 300 shops in the United Kingdom.  

Since 2015, B&Q have been closing a number of stores, and converting some to outlets of Screwfix. The company also has some outlets in Ireland. Stores in Taiwan and China were unsuccessful, and closed down in 2007 and 2015.

## References
Ybbs

The **Ybbs** is a river in Lower Austria. Its source is on the Zellerrain Pass near Mariazell. 

Ybbs is also the common short form for the small town Ybbs an der Donau.