open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Natural News

***Natural News*** (formerly ***NewsTarget***, which is now a separate sister site) is a far-right website based in the United States of America (USA) that promotes anti-vaccination content, conspiracy theories, fake news, anti-Zionism, and pseudoscience. The website began publishing articles in 2008. As of 2014, *Natural News* had approximately 7 million unique visitors per month.

The site's founder, **Mike** **Adams**, gained attention after posting a blog entry implying a call for violence against proponents of GMO foods, and then allegedly creating another website with a list of names of alleged supporters. He has been widely criticized and accused of using "pseudoscience to sell his lies". Adams has described vaccines as "medical child abuse".

It sells various dietary supplements, promotes alternative medicine and climate change denial, forms tendentious nutrition and health claims, disseminates conspiracy theories or fake news, and espouses various conspiracy theories and pro-Donald Trump propaganda.

*Natural News* content has been restricted on various platforms including Google, YouTube, and Facebook. The website launched an AI chatbot called "Enoch" in 2025.
Marilyn Mazur

**Marilyn Mazur** (January 18, 1955 – December 12, 2025) was an American-born Danish percussionist. From 1975, she worked as a percussionist with many groups such as Six Winds with Alex Riel. In 2001, she was awarded the Jazzpar Prize, the world's largest international jazz prize.

Mazur died on December 12, 2025 at the age of 70.

## References
## Other websites
* Marilyn Mazur's official website
* Marilyn Mazur on JAZZPAR Artists 
* Future Song's official website
* 
*
Françoise Brion

**Françoise Brion** ()(born **Françoise Alicia Rose German de Ribon**; 29 January 1933 – 12 December 2025) was a French actress. She appeared in 75 movies from 1957 until 2003. She starred in the 1963 movie ''L'Immortelle''.

Brion was married to Jacques Doniol-Valcroze. 

Brion died in Paris, France on 12 December 2025, at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Peter Greene

**Peter Greene** ( **Green**; May 10, 1959 – December 12, 2025) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Dorian Tyrell in the 1994 movies *The Mask* and Zed in *Pulp Fiction*. He also had roles in *Laws of Gravity* (1992), *Judgment Night* (1993), *Clean, Shaven* (1994), *Under Siege 2: Dark Territory* (1995), and *The Usual Suspects* (1995).

Greene accidentally shot himself in the armpit while in his apartment in New York City on December 12, 2025 at the age of 66.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Rolf Becker

**Rolf Becker** (31 March 1935 – 12 December 2025) was a German actor. He was known for his role of Otto Stein in the soap opera *In aller Freundschaft*.

Becker died under hospice care in Hamburg, Germany on 12 December 2025 at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Carl Carlton

**Carl Carlton** (May 21, 1952 – December 13, 2025) was an American R&B, soul, and funk singer-songwriter. He was best known for his hits "Everlasting Love" and "She's a Bad Mama Jama (She's Built, She's Stacked)".

Carlton died on December 13, 2025 from problems caused by a stroke at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bobby Rousseau

**Joseph Jean-Paul Robert Rousseau** (July 26, 1940 – December 13, 2025) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1960 to 1974. He played for the Montreal Canadiens. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 1962 as NHL Rookie of the Year and won the Stanley Cup four times (1965, 1966, 1968, 1969), all with the Canadiens. Rousseau played at the 1960 Winter Olympics with the Canadian national team, winning a silver medal.

Rousseau died at a hospital in Trois-Rivières, Quebec on December 13, 2025 from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Meja Mwangi

**David Dominic Mwangi** (27 December 1948 – 11 December 2025), known by his pen name, **Meja Mwangi**, was a Kenyan writer. He was known for his 1973 novel *Kill Me Quick*.

Mwangi died in Malindi, Kenya on 11 December 2025, at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Michele Dancelli

**Michele Dancelli** (8 May 1942 – 18 December 2025) was an Italian road racing cyclist. He was known for winning one Milan–San Remo (1970), the 1966 Flèche Wallonne, three Giro dell'Appennino races (1965–1967), and two Trofeo Laigueglia races (1968 and 1970). He also won one stage in the 1969 Tour de France.

Dancelli died on 18 December 2025 in Castenedolo, Italy at the age of 83.

## References
Castenedolo

**Castenedolo** (Brescian: ) is a *comune* in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy.  It is surrounded by other communes of Montichiari and San Zeno Naviglio.  The commune is southeast of Brescia.

## References
Stanislav Moskvin

**Stanislav Vasilyevich Moskvin** (; 19 January 1939 – 18 December 2025) was a Russian cyclist and cycling coach. He competed at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Olympics in the 4000 m individual and team pursuit. In 1960 he won a bronze medal in the team competition

Moskvin died on 18 December 2025, at the age of 86.

## References
Joe Ely

**Joe Ely** (; February 9, 1947 – December 15, 2025) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was "one of the main movers" of Austin, Texas's progressive country in the 1970s and 1980s. He sang with Bruce Springsteen, Uncle Tupelo, Los Super Seven, The Chieftains, James McMurtry, The Clash, Lyle Lovett, John Hiatt and Guy Clark.

In September 2025, Ely announced he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Ely died from pneumonia caused by the diseases at his home in Taos, New Mexico on December 15, 2025, at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Ely website
* 
* 
* 
* Joe Ely feature and CD reviews at Country Standard Time
* Article on Ely's early years, by Johnny Hughes
Édika

**Édouard Karali** (17 December 1940 – 16 December 2025), better known by the pen name of **Édika**, was a French comics artist. His works have been translated in English (published by *Knockabout Comics*), Spanish, Italian (in the magazine *Totem comic*), German (published by *Alpha Comics*), Swedish (published by *Epix*), Danish (published by *Runepress*), and Greek (in the magazines *Vavel* and *Para Pente*).

Édika died on 16 December 2025 in Rochefort-du-Gard, France, one day before his 85th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
* Edika biography on Lambiek Comiclopedia
* Edika : fluide glacial sur la BD 
* 
*
Arnulf Rainer

**Arnulf Rainer** (8 December 1929 – 18 December 2025) was an Austrian painter. He was known for his abstract informal art. In 1978, he received the Grand Austrian State Prize. In the same year, and in 1980, he became the Austrian representative at the Venice Biennale. From 1981 to 1995, Rainer was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna.

Rainer died on 18 December 2025, ten days after his 96th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
* Arnulf Rainer Museum , Baden
* Arnulf Rainer at the Museum of Modern Art. MoMa - The Collection, New York
* Arnulf Rainer at Galerie Lelong, Paris
* Arnulf Rainer at the Galerie m Bochum, Bochum
Tamara Živković

**Tamara Živković** (Montenegrin: **Тамара Живковић**) (born 5 June 2000), is a Montenegrin singer and flutist. In 2024, she took part in *Montesong 2024* Montenegro's national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with the song "Poguban let" she finished in 9th place with 6 points. She will  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026 with the song "" after winning *Montesong 2025* in December 2025, she will perform in the first semi-final which will take place on 12 May 2026.

## Personal life
Živković was born and raised in Kotor, Montenegro, where she attended music school. Since 2022 she resides between Kotor and Belgrade, Serbia. As of 2025 she is a third-year undergraduate student at the University of Arts in Belgrade.

## Discography
### Singles
## References
Mick Abrahams

**Michael Timothy Abrahams** (7 April 1943 – 19 December 2025) was an English guitarist, singer and bandleader. He was best known for being the original guitarist for Jethro Tull from 1967 to 1968 and the leader of Blodwyn Pig.

Abrahams died on 19 December 2025 at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ram V. Sutar

**Ram Vanji Sutar** (19 February 1925 – 18 December 2025) was an Indian sculptor. He designed the *Statue of Unity* which is the world's tallest statue with a height of 182 metres (597 feet). In 1999, he received the Padma Shri and later in 2016, Padma Bhushan from the Government of India.

Sutar turned 100 in February 2025. He died ten months later on 18 December 2025 in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
 by Ram V. Sutar in Funchal]]

## References
Magda Umer

**Małgorzata Magda Umer-Przeradzka** () (; 9 October 1949 – 12 December 2025) was a Polish singer, poet, journalist, author, director, screenwriter, actress, and author. Umer released five studio albums. Umer was a winner of the Opole Song Festival.

Umer died on 12 December 2025 at a hospital in Warsaw, Poland from pancreatic cancer at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Discography on poezja-spiewana.pl
*
*
*
Celso Bugallo

**Celso Bugallo Aguiar** (1 January 1947 – 20 December 2025) was a Spanish actor. He was known for his roles in *Mondays in the Sun*, *The Sea Inside*, *The Night of the Sunflowers*, and *The Good Boss*. He won a Goya Award for his role in *The Sea Inside* in 2004.

Bugallo died in Pontevedra, Spain on 20 December 2025 at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Boyan Radev

**Boyan Radev** (; 25 February 1942 – December 2025) was a Bulgarian Greco-Roman wrestler. He was the first Bulgarian two-time Olympic Games champion (1964 Tokyo and 1968 Mexico) and one-time world champion. He was honored into the United World Wrestling Greco-Roman Hall of Fame in 2009.

Radev died in December 2025 in Sofia, Bulgaria at the age of 83.

## References
Sanxenxo

**Sanxenxo** (; ) is a municipality in Galicia, Spain in the province of Pontevedra. It is a popular tourism spot in Spain.

## References
Taisto Tähkämaa

**Taisto Tähkämaa** (11 December 1924 – 21 December 2025) was a Finnish Centre Party politician. He was the minister of defence from 1977 until 1979. He was also the minister of agriculture and forestry from 1979 until 1983.

Tähkämaa died on 21 December 2025 in Kaarina, Finland at the age of 101.

## References
Sreenivasan

**Sreenivasan** (6 April 1956 – 20 December 2025) was an Indian actor, screenwriter, director and producer. His works were for Malayalam cinema. He starred in over 225 movies.

Sreenivasan wrote the screenplays of *Odaruthammava Aalariyam* (1984), *Sanmanassullavarkku Samadhanam* (1986), *Gandhinagar 2nd Street* (1986), *Nadodikkattu* (1987), *Pattanapravesham* (1988), *Varavelpu* (1989), *Thalayana Manthram* (1990), *Sandesam* (1991), *Midhunam* (1993), *Mazhayethum Munpe* (1995), *Azhakiya Ravanan* (1996), *Oru Maravathoor Kanavu* (1998), *Udayananu Tharam* (2005), *Katha Parayumpol* (2007), and *Njan Prakashan* (2018).

Sreenivasan died at a hospital in Kochi, Kerala on December 20, 2025 from heart disease at the age of 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Christian Kraiger

**Christian Kraiger** (* 11 August 1973 ) was an Austrian footballer. He played as Defender for different Austrian  clubs at different levels. With  SV Austria Salzburg he became champion in 1994.
## Career 
He started his professional career with SV Austria Salzburg. With the team he became champion in the 1993-94 season. Then he spent one season at 	Grazer AK,  SV  Braunau and FC Admira Wacker Mödling. From 1997 till 2000 he played again for FC Braunau. After one season with ASKÖ Pasching he went to  SAK Klagenfurt/Celovec in 2001. 2011 he ended his career.
## International 
In 1994 he played seven matches for Austria U21. His first match was a 2-2 versus Hungary U21 on 22 March 1994. His last match was on 12 November 1994 versus Portugal U21. 
## Manager 
In the 2014-15 season he was assitance coach for SAK Klagenfurt.
## Honours
*Austrian champion:''' 1994
*Austrian champion 2nd league: 1995
*Austria champion Regionalliga Mitteː 2001
*Champion Kärntner Ligaː 2001, 2004
*UEFA Cup-Final:1994

## Personal 
After the end of his football career, he works as a state-certified commercial financial advisor.
## References
Alan Marley

**Alan Dennis Marley** (8 March 1951 – 16 December 2025) was an footballer. Born in England, he was capped 12 times for New Zealand. He made his debut for New Zealand in a 4–1 win against New Caledonia on 17 September 1972 and played his last match on 13 March 1973, in a 0–2 loss to Iraq.

## Honours
;New Zealand
* OFC Nations Cup: 1973

## References
## Other websites
*
Jake Sully

]]
**Jake Sully** (Na'vi: *Tsyeyk te Suli*) is the main protagonist of the *Avatar* franchise, created by James Cameron. He is played by Sam Worthington in *Avatar* (2009) and its sequels, including *Avatar: The Way of Water* (2022), and *Avatar: Fire and Ash* (2025). 

## Background
Jake Sully was a human who served with the U.S. Marine Corps 1st Reconnaissance Battalion but was discharged after an injury left him paralyzed from the waist down. 

After his identical twin brother Tom dies, Jake agrees to replace him in the RDA's Avatar Program on Pandora, where humans control human/Na'vi hybrids to safely go through the planet. Jake turns against the RDA after supporting the Na'vi and mating with a Na'vi woman, Neytiri. After leading the Na'vi in a successful battle against the RDA, his consciousness is forever transferred into his avatar via the Tree of Souls.

Over the next fifteen years, Jake has three children with Neytiri: Neteyam, Lo'ak, and Tuk and adopts one other, Kiri.

## References
Neytiri

'''Neytiri te Tskaha Mo'at'ite'* is a character of the *Avatar'' media franchise created by James Cameron. She is played by Zoe Saldaña.

## Background
Neytiri is the ‘princess’ of the Na'vi clan, Omaticaya. While in a Pandoran forest, she meets a lost Jake Sully. After Jake becomes part of her clan, Neytiri becomes his teacher, introducing him to the Na’vi culture and helping him learn how to become part of the forest, eventually falling in love and mating with him. 

Over the following fifteen years, Neytiri has three children with Jake: sons Neteyam and Lo'ak and a daughter named Tuk. The couple also adopts another daughter named Kiri.

## Reception
For her role in *Avatar*, Saldaña won Best Actress at the 36th Saturn Awards. 

## References
Miles Quaritch

Colonel **Miles Quaritch** is a character in the American science fiction franchise *Avatar* created by Canadian filmmaker James Cameron. He is the main antagonist of the 2009 movie *Avatar* and its 2022 sequel *Avatar: The Way of Water*, and one of the two main antagonists, along with Varang, in its 2025 sequel, *Avatar: Fire and Ash*. He is played by American actor Stephen Lang. 

## Background
After serving in the United States Marine Corps with the 1st Reconnaissance Battalion, Quaritch became a senior officer in the security forces of the Resources Development Administration (RDA) and was sent to Pandora, where he was their chief of security. 

Leading the RDA in their fight against the indigenous Na'vi, Quaritch gets the help of new arrival Jake Sully to spy on the Na'vi and help him defeat them. Sully eventually turns on the RDA, and defeats an attempt by an RDA force led by Quaritch to destroy the Tree of Souls. 

During the battle, Quaritch is killed by Sully’s Na'vi lover Neytiri. A copy of his consciousness is later transferred by the RDA into a genetically grown Na'vi body, known as a Recombinant, which returns to Pandora to track down Sully.

In *Avatar: The Way of Water* (2022), it is revealed that Quaritch has a son named Spider.

## References
James Ransone

**James Finley Ransone III** (June 2, 1979 – December 19, 2025) was an American actor. He played Ziggy Sobotka in the second season of the drama series *The Wire*, Cpl. Josh Ray Person in the war drama miniseries *Generation Kill* (2008), Deputy "So-and-So" in the supernatural horror movies *Sinister* (2012) and *Sinister 2* (2015), Chester in *Tangerine* (2015), adult Eddie Kaspbrak in *It Chapter Two* (2019), and Max in *The Black Phone* (2021). He also played Tate in the controversial movie *Ken Park* (2002).

Ransone hanged himself on December 19, 2025, at his home in Los Angeles, California. He was 46.

## References
## Other websites
*
André Gérard

**André Gérard** (3 July 1911 &ndash; 26 May 1994) was a French footballer and manager. As a footballer, he played as a goalkeeper for Bordeaux between 1937 and 1945. As a manager, he coached Bordeaux, FC Nancy, Toulon, Stade Français and Rouen in France, and the Tunisia national team.

## Honours
### As manager
;Bordeaux
*Division 1: 1949–50

;Tunisia
*Arab Cup: 1963

## References
Alan Vest

**Alan Vest** (5 September 1939 – 30 October 2025) was a professional footballer and manager. Born in England, he was capped 17 times for New Zealand, scoring six goals.

Vest died on 30 October 2025, at the age of 86.

## Honours
### Player
;New Zealand
* OFC Nations Cup: 1973

### Manager
;Sarawak FA
* Liga Perdana: 1997
* Malaysia FA Cup: 1992
* Malaysian Charity Shield: 1998

;Perth Glory
* National Soccer League: 2002–03, 2003–04

## References
## Other websites
*
Shartym

**Shartym** (; , *Şartım*) is a village in Safarovsky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. As of 2010 census, 59 people lived there.

## References
Chuzo (footballer)

**Antonio González Álvarez**, commonly known as **Chuzo** (28 January 1940 – 11 December 2025) was a Spanish footballer. He played as a defender. He played for the Spain national football team once in 1960.

Chuzo died on 11 December 2025 at the age of 85.

## Honours
;Atlético Madrid
*European Cup Winners' Cup: 1961–62
*Copa del Generalísimo: 1959–60, 1960–61

;Spain U18
*UEFA European Under-18 Championship runner-up: 1957

## References
## Other websites
* Stats at Amigos Malaguistas
Wyoming Senate

The **Wyoming Senate** is the upper house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 31 Senators in the Senate, representing an equal number of constituencies across Wyoming. The Senate meets at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the Senate serve four-year terms without term limits.

## Other websites
* Wyoming Senate
* Project Vote Smart – State Senate of Wyoming
* The Wyoming Liberty Index
Hico, Texas

**Hico** is a city in Hamilton County, Texas, United States. It was founded in 1883. As of the 2020 United States census, 1,335 people lived there.

## References
Wyoming House of Representatives

The **Wyoming House of Representatives** is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House. The House meets at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. 

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.

## References
## Other websites
*Wyoming House of Representatives
*Project Vote Smart - State House of Wyoming
Newburgh Heights, Ohio

**Newburgh Heights** is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. As of 2020 United States census, 1,862 people lived there.

## References
Knowing Me, Knowing You

"**Knowing Me, Knowing You**" is a 1977 song by Swedish music group ABBA and is the third single from their fourth studio album *Arrival*. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa and Belgium, number 2 in the Netherlands, number 9 in Australia, number 8 in New Zealand and number 14 in the United States.

## Track listing
## References
Juan Carlos Carone

**Juan Carlos** "**Pichino**" **Carone** (18 May 1942 – June 2025) was an Argentine footballer. He played as a left winger for Atlanta, Vélez Sarsfield, Racing Club, and Veracruz. While at Vélez Sarsfield, Carone scored 76 goals in 149 matches in the Argentine Primera División, becoming the team's 6th overall top goalscorer.

He was capped five times for Argentina, and played for them during 1966 FIFA World Cup qualification and at the 1967 South American Championship.

Carone was nicknamed "Pichino", which means 'kid' in Italian. He died in June 2025, at the age of 83.

## Honours
;Vélez Sársfield
* Argentine Primera División: 1968 Nacional

## References
Kern High School District

The **Kern High School District (KHSD)** is a public high school district in Bakersfield, California, United States. It was founded in 1893. As of 2025, 42,500 students were enrolled and 1,500 people worked in the district.

## Schools
## References
Mart, Texas

**Mart** is a city in Limestone and McLennan counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 United States census, 1,748 people lived there.

## References
Jamia-tul Madina

**Jamia-tul-Madina** () is a chain of Islamic universities. It operates in Pakistan, India, Europe, and other countries. It was established in 1995 by Dawat-e-Islami. Jamia-tul-Madina is also known as **Faizan-e-Madina**.

Dawat-e-Islami started Jamia-tul-Madina in Pakistan. Over time, the organisation expanded its network of madaris to many other countries, including several in Europe.

## Branches
Jamia-tul-Madina has a large number of branches. There are more than 1200 branches in Pakistan, 11 branches in India, and 18 branches in other countries.

## Programmes
Jamia-tul-Madina organises weekly religious congregations. These gatherings are held regularly on weekends at every campus of Jamia-tul-Madina. The congregations focus on Islamic teachings and religious learning.

### In Pakistan
In Pakistan, Jamia-tul-Madina has many branches. One of the main centres is in Karachi. The number of students at Jamia-tul-Madina, Karachi, is 11,719.

### In India
Jamia-tul-Madina also has branches in India. These institutes are known by different local names and are in several states.

### In other countries
Faizan-e-Madina institutes of Islamic education are present in many countries outside Pakistan and India.

Some well-known locations include:

Faizan-e-Madina in the United Kingdom, in Peterborough.

Faizan-e-Madina in Hong Kong, in Tsuen Wan.

## Related pages
*List of Islamic educational institutions

## References
Wyoming Legislature

The **Wyoming State Legislature** is the legislative branch of the U.S. State of Wyoming. It is a bicameral state legislature. It is made up of a 62-member Wyoming House of Representatives, and a 31-member Wyoming Senate. The legislature meets at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne. There are no term limits for either chamber.

The Republican Party holds a supermajority in the current legislature. 

## Other websites
*Official website
*Project Vote Smart – State Senate of Wyoming
Mexia, Texas

**Mexia** is a city in Limestone County, Texas, United States. It was founded in 1871. As of the 2020 United States census, 6,893 people lived there.

## References
The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show

***The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show***  (known as '''''You're on Nickelodeon, Charlie Brown'''* during reruns on Nickelodeon) is an American animated television series featuring characters and storylines from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip *Peanuts'' as first presented for television in the Peanuts animated specials. It aired Saturday mornings on the CBS network from 1983 to 1985.

## References
Faizan Global Relief Foundation

The **Faizan Global Relief Foundation** (**FGRF**) is a welfare organization from Pakistan. It works by itself. It helps people who are in trouble. It helps people after disasters and emergencies.

## History 
Faizan Global Relief Foundation works through four main projects. These projects are called Madani Home, Green Pakistan, Faizan Rehabilitation Program, and Disaster Management Department.

Madani Home started in 2022. It was made to help orphans and children with physical or mental challenges. It gives care and support to children.

Green Pakistan started in 2021. It is still ongoing. This project plants trees in large cities of Pakistan. It is about helping the environment.

The Faizan Rehabilitation Program started in January 2021. It helped people after floods. These floods were in rural areas of Sindh and Balochistan. The program focused on helping people after the disaster.

The Disaster Management Department helps during floods. It gives food and medical supplies to people in need.

## Achievements and collaborations 
Faizan Global Relief Foundation has worked with other groups. One group was the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation. They worked together in Karachi.

Many trees were planted in Pakistan with help from volunteers. These activities were part of environmental work.

The foundation also met with officials from the Government of Punjab. They discussed food shortages in some rural areas.

In early 2023, a Madani Healthcare Center was opened. It was opened by the Governor of Sindh, Kamran Tessori.

### Birmingham Aid Workers 
After an earthquake in Morocco, aid workers from FGRF UK went to help. The team was led by Syed Muhammad Faisal Sami from Birmingham.

They had worked in disasters before. They helped local teams. They helped people and gave aid.

### Earthquake in Turkey and Syria 
In February 2023, a strong earthquake hit Turkey and Syria. Many people were killed and injured.

FGRF had volunteers in the area. They gave help and food. A member of the team and a member of Dawat e-Islami, Abdul Habib Attari visited and helped people.

### Addressing Food Insecurity 
FGRF helped people in Gaza, Palestine. They gave food and other basic items. They also gave financial help and tents. They provided hygiene kits and daily meals.

### Earthquake Relief in Morocco 
FGRF helped people after the earthquake in Morocco in 2023. The team visited villages. They gave food and basic supplies. They also visited an orphanage and gave items to children.

## References
You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch

"'''You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch'*" is a Christmas song. It was written for the 1966 animated TV special *Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!*

## History
The lyrics were written by Theodor "Dr. Seuss" Geisel and the music was composed by Albert Hague. The song was performed by Thurl Ravenscroft.

Because Ravenscroft was not listed in the credits at the end of the show, many people thought Boris Karloff sang it. Karloff was the narrator and the voice of the Grinch, but he did not sing this song. Before people knew Ravenscroft was the singer, some also thought Tennessee Ernie Ford had recorded it.

The music from the special won a *Grammy Award for Best Album for Children''.

The song is used in almost every version of the Grinch story. In the How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film), Jim Carrey sang it as the Grinch. There was also a hip-hop version with rapper Busta Rhymes called "Grinch 2000." The Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical also includes the song. In the 2018 animated movie, Tyler, the Creator performed a modern version of the song with music arranged by Danny Elfman.

The song was also covered by a rock band called the Whirling Dervishes]]. Other artists like Lindsey Stirling and Sabrina Carpenter have recorded versions that became popular on the music charts.

## Charts
### *Glee* cast version
### Thurl Ravenscroft version
### Lindsey Stirling and Sabrina Carpenter version
## References
## Other websites
* Lyrics to "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" (TV version)
* Lyrics to "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" (Soundtrack version)
Cox's Orange Pippin

'''Cox's Orange Pippin**, often simply called as **Cox** or **Cox's Pippins''', is an apple cultivar first grown in 1825 or 1830 at Colnbrook in Buckinghamshire, England, by the retired brewer and horticulturist Richard Cox.

Though the parent of the cultivar is not known, Ribston Pippin may be a candidate. DNA analysis of major apple pedigrees has suggested Margil as the parent of Cox, with Ribston Pippin being another Margil seedling. The variety was introduced for sale by the 1850s by Charles Turner, and grown profitably from the 1860s, mainly in the Vale of Evesham in Worcestershire, and later in Kent.

## References
Al-Burda

***Qasida e-Burda*** (, "Ode of the Mantle"), or ***al-Burda*** for short, is a poem from a long time ago. It talks about Muhammad and how wonderful he is. Al-Busiri, a scholar from Egypt, wrote it. The full name is "The Celestial Lights in Praise of the Best of Creation" ().

The poem is loved by many Muslims. It tells that al-Busiri was sick. He loved Muhammad very much. One night, Muhammad came in a dream and gave him a mantle (cloak). When al-Busiri woke up, he was well again.

Before this, Ka'b ibn Zuhayr wrote a poem called *Al-Burda* (also called *Bānat Suʿād*). He showed it to Muhammad after he became Muslim. Muhammad liked it and put his cloak on Ka'b. But the poem by al-Busiri became more famous, even though Muhammad had really wrapped Ka'b, not in a dream.

## Composition 
The *Burda* has ten chapters and 160 verses. All verses rhyme. A line is repeated many times:

"My Lord, send blessings and peace always on Your Beloved, the Best of All Creation" (Arabic: مولاي صل وسلم دائما أبدا على حبيبك خير الخلق كلهم).

Each verse ends with the Arabic letter *mīm*. This is called *mīmiyya*. The ten chapters are:

* On love
* On warnings about the self
* On praise of Muhammad
* On his birth
* On his miracles
* On the high status and wonders of the Qur'an
* On Muhammad going to heaven
* On Muhammad’s struggles
* On asking for help through Muhammad
* On talking to God and asking for wishes

## Popularity 
Many Sufis love this poem. People memorize it, say it together, and put it on walls in mosques and buildings. It decorated Prophet's Mosque in Medina for many years, but now only two lines are left.

More than 90 books explain it. Timothy Winter made an English version. It is also in Hausa, Persian, Urdu, Turkish, Berber languages, Punjabi, French, German, Sindhi, Saraiki, Norwegian, Chinese (called Tianfangshijing), and more.

Many Sunni Muslims say it every day or on special days like Mawlid. It is one of the most said poems in the world.

## Legacy 
The Burda is important in Sufi Islam. Many Sufi teachers wrote about it, like Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, Nazifi,

Shafi'i scholar Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 852 A.H.) read it with his teacher and from copies of al-Busiri.

Al-Burda gave ideas to Ahmad Shawqi for his poem ''''.

## Related pages 
* Al-Busiri
* Salawat
* Islamic poetry

## References 
## Bibliography 
*

*

## Other websites 
* Qasida Burda website
You Had Me from Hello

"**You Had Me from Hello**" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in April 1999 as the second single from his 1999 album *Everywhere We Go*.

## References
Chris Rea discography

The discography of the English rock and blues musician Chris Rea consists of 25 studio albums, 14 compilation albums, one live album, one soundtrack album, and 72 singles.

## Albums
### Studio albums
### Live albums
### Compilation albums
### Soundtrack albums
## Singles
## Notes
## References
Wallowa, Oregon

**Wallowa** is a city in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 796 people lived there.

## References
Five Nights at Freddy's: Help Wanted DLC: The Curse of Dreadbear

(often shortened to ***Curse of Dreadbear***) is a Halloween-themed downloadable content (DLC) expansion for the 2019 virtual reality survival horror game ''Five Nights at Freddy's: Help Wanted*. Developed by Steel Wool Studios and published by ScottGames, the expansion was originally released on October 23, 2019.

Gameplay

The DLC introduces a new "Halloween Hub" designed as a spooky fall landscape, replacing the standard game menu. It adds several new minigames, including:

* **Corn Maze:** A stealth level where players navigate a maze while avoiding Grimm Foxy.
* **Trick or Treat:** Players must knock on doors and determine which animatronic is behind them.
* **Mangle Repair:** A puzzle-based level where players must carefully repair the Mangle animatronic.
* **Plushkin-Patch:** A survival challenge involving small, aggressive "Plushkin" dolls.
* *'Cap'n Foxy's Pirate Adventure:** A dark ride featuring various animatronic targets.

Characters

The expansion features several new and returning animatronics:

* **Dreadbear:** A massive, Frankenstein-inspired bear who serves as the central figure of the DLC.
* **Grimm Foxy:** A flaming, skeletal variant of Foxy with a sickle-like hook.
* **Halloween Variants:'* Returning characters from *Five Nights at Freddy's 4'', such as Jack-O-Bonnie and Jack-O-Chica.

Release and Platforms

The DLC was initially released for SteamVR and PlayStation VR in late 2019. It was subsequently ported to other platforms as part of the base game's expansion:

* **Oculus Quest:** July 16, 2020.
* **Nintendo Switch:** September 28, 2021.
* **Full Time Edition:** A bundled version including the base game and DLC was released for PlayStation 5 and PlayStation VR2 on November 21, 2023.
This Must Be It

**"This Must Be It"** is a song by Royksopp. It is on the soundtrack of the 2011 film, Hall Pass. It is the third single from their album, Junior. The vocals are of Karin Dreijer and, The Knife.
## Remixes 
"This Must Be It" (This Could Be Thin White Duke Remix) – 7:01
"This Must Be It" (Apparat Remix) – 5:58
"This Must Be It" (Rex The Dog's K-Dart Remix) – 7:27
"This Must Be It" (T.B.S. Remix) – 3:40
"This Must Be It" (Maxime Dangles Remix) – 8:09
"This Must Be It" (Moguai Remix) – 7:36
"This Must Be It" (Danton Eeprom Remix) – 5:21
"This Must Be It" (Pete Herbert Remix) – 5:54
"This Must Be It" (LehtMoJoe Remix) – 4:29
"This Must Be It" (Florian Meindl Remix) – 7:08
## Music Video 
The official music video was released in 2009.
## References 
*web.archive
Noble rot

grapes (Rheingau, Germany, 2005)]]
**Noble rot** is a good form of a grey fungus, *Botrytis cinerea*, affecting wine grapes. For this to happen, grapes must be in warm and humid conditions, usually around  and above 80% humidity. If the weather stays wet, the rot starts to ruin the wine by stopping the fermentation process and changing the taste, aroma, and appearance of the final wine. Grapes usually become infected with *cinerea* when they are ripe. If they are then exposed to drier conditions and become partially raisined, this form of infection is known as noble rot. Grapes picked at a specific point can make fine and concentrated sweet wine. Wines produced by this method are known as **botrytized wines**.

## References
Sauternes (wine)

**Sauternes** () is a French sweet wine from the region of the same name in the Graves section in Bordeaux. Sauternes wine is made from Sémillon, sauvignon blanc, and muscadelle grapes that have been affected by *Botrytis cinerea*, also known as noble rot. This causes the grapes to become partially raisined, making it taste different.

## References
Oenology

**Oenology** (also **enology**;  ) is the science and study of wine and winemaking. Oenology is different from viticulture, which is the science of the growing, cultivation, and harvesting of grapes. The English word **oenology** comes from the Greek word *oinos* () "wine" and the suffix *–logia* () the "study of". An **oenologist** is an expert in the science and making of wine.

## References
Chardonnay

**Chardonnay** (, ; ) is a green-skinned type of grape that is used in the winemaking of white wine. This type of grape came from the Burgundy wine region of east-central France, but is now grown wherever wine is made, from England to New Zealand. For new and developing wine regions, growing Chardonnay is seen as a 'rite of passage'.

## References
Schloss Johannisberg

**Schloss Johannisberg** () is a neoclassical palace and historic winery in the village of Johannisberg, west of Wiesbaden in Hesse in the Rheingau wine region of Germany. It is known as the world's first vineyard dedicated to Riesling. The estate has a winemaking tradition spanning over 900 years. Originally founded as a Benedictine monastery, the estate was made into a Baroque palace and winery in the early 18th century under the ownership of the Prince-Abbots of Fulda.

## References
Viticulture

**Viticulture** (, "vine-growing"),  **viniculture** (, "wine-growing"), or **winegrowing** is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a type of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of *Vitis vinifera*, the common grape vine, comes from Western Europe to the Persian shores of the Caspian Sea. Viticulture can be found on every continent except Antarctica.

## References
Winemaking

**Winemaking** is the process of making wine, starting by picking the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making is over a million years old. There is evidence that shows that the earliest wine production took place in Georgia and Iran around 6000 to 5000 B.C. The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology. A winemaker may also be called a vintner. The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many types of grapes.

## Winemaking process
There are five main stages to the wine making process. The first stage is harvesting or picking. After the harvest, the grapes go to a winery and prepared for primary ferment. At this stage red wine becomes different than white wine making.

Red wine is made from the pulp and juice of red or black grapes and fermentation happens together with the grape skins, which brings it its flavor and color. White wine is made by fermenting juice which is made by pressing crushed grapes to take out the juice. The skins are removed and have no role in white winemaking.

## Winemakers
List of top 15 wine producing countries by volume. (Volume in thousands of hectoliters)

## More readings
* Thomas Pinney. *The Makers of American Wine: A Record of Two Hundred Years.* Berkeley. University of California Press, 2012.
*James Simpson. *Creating Wine: The Emergence of a World Industry, 1840–1914*. Princeton University Press, 2012.

## References
Sauvignon blanc

**Sauvignon blanc** () is a green-skinned grape variety that most likely came from the Loire Valley wine region in France. It has been cultivated in Bordeaux. The grape most likely gets its name from the French words *sauvage* ("wild") and *blanc* ("white") because of its early origins as an indigenous grape in South West France. 

Sauvignon blanc is planted in many of the world's wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white wine.

## References
Leptodactylus riveroi

'''Rivero's white-lipped frog'* (*Leptodactylus riveroi'') is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Scientists think it may also live in Peru.

## Home
This frog is awake at night. It lives on the ground. People see it in forests, next to rivers, and in swamps and gardens. Scientists have seen it between 90 and 450 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen the frog in protected places.

## Young
This frog makes a nest out of bubbles for its eggs.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, human beings dig in the ground and this puts bad chemicals in the water that can hurt the frog.

## References
Hugh Johnson

**Hugh Eric Allan Johnson**  (born 10 March 1939) is an English journalist, author, editor, and expert on wine. He is thought to be the world's best-selling wine writer. 

A wine he tasted in 1964, a 1540 *Steinwein* from the German vineyard Würzburger Stein, is thought to be one of the oldest to have ever been tasted.

## Early life
Johnson was born in London. He studied at Rugby School and at King's College, Cambridge.

## Career
He has published many books about wine, starting with the publication of *Wine* in 1966. *The World Atlas of Wine* (1971) was thought to be the first attempt to map the world's wine regions.

Johnson was made *Decanter* Man of the Year in 1995, and was promoted Officer in the French Order Nationale du Mérite in 2004 and Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2007 "for services to wine-making and horticulture". He was awarded the Veitch Memorial Medal of the Royal Horticultural Society in 2000.

## References
Iêda Maria Vargas

**Iêda Maria Brutto Vargas** (December 31, 1944 – December 22, 2025) was a Brazilian actress and beauty queen. She was crowned Miss Universe in Miami Beach, Florida in 1963. She was Miss Brazil and was crowned by Maria Olívia Rebouças in 1963. She was the first person from her country to win a major international beauty pageant. After winning the beauty pageant, she opened the Capital Plaza Mall in Landover Hills, Maryland. Vargas was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.

Vargas died in Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul on December 22, 2025 from problems caused by a stroke at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
* missesdobrasil.com, in Portuguese 
*
Gramado

**Gramado** is a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is located in the Serra Gaúcha region. Gramado is one of the cities along the *Rota Romântica* (Romantic Route). It was first settled in 1875.

## References
Sivert Guttorm Bakken

**Sivert Guttorm Bakken** (18 July 1998 – 22 December 2025) was a Norwegian biathlete. Bakken won his first world cup race the same year, in the 15 kilometer mass start in Oslo Holmenkollen, on 20 March 2022.

Bakken was found dead at his hotel room in Lavaze, Trentino, Italy, on 22 December 2025. He was 27. At the time of his death, he had pericarditis, a kind of heart problem.

## References
Vin jaune

and walnuts, a typical regional combination in Jura]]
**Vin jaune** (French for **yellow wine**) is a special type of white wine made in the Jura region in eastern France. It is similar to dry fino Sherry. It is grown in a barrel under a film of yeast, known as the *voile*, on the wine's surface. *Vin jaune* is similar to Sherry such as in aromas, but unlike Sherry, it is not a fortified wine. The wine is made from the Savagnin grape. In other French wine regions, there has been attempts in making similar style wines from Chardonnay and other local grape varieties using cultured yeast such as the *vin de voile* wine produced in the Gaillac.

## References
Jonathan Hawkins

**Jonathan Hawkins** (1 May 1983 – 22 December 2025) was an English chess grandmaster. He was the British Chess Champion in 2015. He beated David Howell with whom he shared the title in 2014. Hawkins was born in Consett, England. Hawkins had the FIDE titles of FIDE Master (FM) in 2008, International Master (IM) in 2010 and Grandmaster (GM) in 2014 titles.

Hawkins died from neuroendocrine cancer in Torbay, England on 22 December 2025 at the age of 42.

## References
Andrea Meza

**Alma Andrea Meza Carmona** (; born 13 August 1994) is a Mexican beauty pageant titleholder who is best known for winning the title of Miss Universe in 2020. She is the third Mexican contestant to win the title. Meza holds the record for the shortest complete reign in Miss Universe history to date.

Meza won Mexicana Universal 2020 and Miss Mexico 2017, and finished as the first runner-up at Miss World 2017.

Alma Andrea Meza Carmona was born on 13 August 1994 in Chihuahua City, Mexico. She grew up in Chihuahua City as the oldest of three daughters. She has some Chinese ancestry. 

As Miss Universe, Meza traveled to many cities within the United States, South Africa, the Bahamas, Israel, and her home country of Mexico.

## References
R'Bonney Gabriel

'''R'Bonney Nola Gabriel''' (born March 20, 1994) is an American fashion designer and beauty pageant titleholder. Gabriel won the Miss Texas USA 2022 and Miss USA 2022 titles, becoming the ninth competitor from the United States to win the Miss Universe 2022 title. At 28 years old, Gabriel is the oldest Miss Universe winner.

R'Bonney Nola Gabriel was born in Houston, Texas, to a Filipino father, Remigio Bonzon "R. Bon" Gabriel, and an American mother, Dana Walker, who were married in the Philippines. She grew up in Missouri City and later in Friendswood, Texas.

Gabriel's first pageant was Miss Kemah USA 2020, where she reached the top five finalists. She competed at Miss Texas USA 2021 as Miss Harris County and was the first runner-up to Victoria Hinojosa of McAllen.

After winning Miss Universe, Gabriel traveled to Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Guatemala, the Netherlands, South Africa, Honduras, Belize, Mexico, France, and El Salvador.

On November 18, 2023, Gabriel crowned Sheynnis Palacios of Nicaragua as her successor at Miss Universe 2023 in San Salvador, El Salvador.

## References
Maupin, Oregon

**Maupin** is a city in Wasco County, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1922. As of the 2020 United States census, 427 people lived there.

## References
Catriona Gray

**Catriona Elisa Magnayon Gray** ( ; ; born January 6, 1994) is a Filipino model, singer, and beauty queen. She is best known for winning Miss Universe 2018. She is the fourth Filipina to win Miss Universe. Gray won Miss World Philippines 2016 and Miss Universe Philippines 2018, and reached the top five at Miss World 2016.

Catriona Elisa Magnayon Gray was born in Cairns, Queensland, Australia, on January 6, 1994, to an Australian father of Scottish descent, Ian Gray, and a Filipina mother, Normita Ragas Magnayon, from Oas, Albay, Philippines.

## References
Fátima Bosch

**Fátima Bosch Fernández** (; born 19 May 2000) is a Mexican beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe 2025. She won Miss Universe Mexico 2025. Bosch is the fourth Mexican woman to win Miss Universe.

## Early life
Bosch was born on 19 May 2000, in Teapa, Tabasco, to Bernardo Bosch Hernández and Vanessa Fernández Balboa. She studied at Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City. She earned a bachelor's degree in fashion and apparel design.

## Miss Universe 2025
On 4 November 2025, during a ceremony event, a fight happened when Miss Universe Thailand national director Nawat Itsaragrisil yelled at Bosch and called her "dumb". This caused Bosch and other contestants to walk out. Bosch later said she felt disrespected. Miss Universe 2024 winner Victoria Kjær Theilvig criticized Itsaragrisil and left the venue.

On 21 November 2025, Bosch represented Mexico and won Miss Universe 2025. She beat 100 other candidates at the Impact Challenger Hall in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Bosch is the fourth Mexican woman to earn the Miss Universe title, after Lupita Jones, Ximena Navarrete and Andrea Meza.

## Notes
## References
Paulina Vega

**Paulina Vega Dieppa** (; born January 15, 1993) is a Colombian model, businesswoman and beauty pageant winner. She won Miss Universe 2014. She won Miss Colombia 2013 before. Vega was the second Miss Universe from Colombia.

Paulina Vega Dieppa was born in Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia to Laura Dieppa and cardiologist Rodolfo Vega Llama. Vega is of French and Spanish descent.

## References
Leila Lopes

**Leila Lopes** (born 26 February 1986) is an Angolan beauty pageant titleholder. She won Miss Universe 2011. She had won Miss Angola UK 2010 and Miss Angola 2010 before. She was the first Angolan woman to win Miss Universe.

Lopes was born on 26 February 1986, in Benguela, Angola.

## References
List of Miss Universe titleholders

This is a list of **Miss Universe** winners since the first competition in 1952 to the present.

## List of winners
## Notes
## References
Ximena Navarrete

**Jimena** "**Ximena**" **Navarrete Rosete** (; born February 22, 1988) is a Mexican actress, television host, model and beauty queen who won Miss Universe 2010. She won Nuestra Belleza México 2009. She became the second Miss Universe from Mexico.

Navarrete was born and raised in Guadalajara, the capital city of Jalisco, Mexico. She has one younger sister. She began modeling at the age of sixteen. She studied nutrition at the Valle de Atemajac University. 

## Notes
## References
Minder (TV series)

***Minder*** is a British comedy drama television series that was first aired on ITV from 29 October 1979 to 10 March 1994 and last aired on Channel 5 from 4 February to 11 March 2009.
Nixon, Texas

**Nixon** is a city in Texasan counties Gonzales and Wilson. It was founded in 1849. As of the 2020 United States census, 2,341 people lived there.

## References
Smiley, Texas

**Smiley** is a city in Gonzales County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 475 people lived there.

## References