open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
National University of Singapore

The **National University of Singapore** (**NUS**) is a national research university in Singapore. It is known as one of the best universities in Asia.

## Incident 
### Chen Chun Hua academic fraud 
Chen Chun Hua, a visiting professors of NUS was reportedly investigated by NUS Business School after she was accused of academic fraud. Upon then, the university removed her profile on it's official website. Chen, who is reportedly from Peking University, allegedly has a degree from a fake university in Europe and pretended to be a “military adviser” for Huawei. Her education qualification begin to gain attention after Huawei issued a public statement refuting her ties to the firm and its founder Ren Zhengfei. Chen's professional biography on Newhuadu Business School’s website listed her qualified with doctorate of business administration from the "European University of Ireland" in 2001. Singapore news media, TODAY, reported that it couldn't find the official website of "European University of Ireland" and the British magazine, Times Higher Education, reported that the education ministry in Ireland had previously investigated the “European University of Ireland”.

## Notable organizations
* Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy - Named after Lee Kuan Yew
* Liberal arts - Yale NUS College (Operated with Yale University)
* Music - Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music
### Scientific areas
NUS High School is a scientific high school affiliated to the NUS. The university also include schools for computing, dentistry, engineering, medicine and many other areas.

#### Health care
* Duke-NUS Medical School - Medical school operated with Duke University
* Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
* Public health - Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health

## Campus

File:NUS SoC COM1.jpg|NUS School of Computing
File:National University of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, panorama, Nov 06.jpg|Faculty of Engineering
File:MD6 Plaza, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, February 2020.jpg|Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
File:YST Conservatory, National University of Singapore, February 2020.jpg|Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music

In addition, NUS also has several academic libraries and an University Town (or UTown). 
## Alumni

File:GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg|Alumnus Goh Chok Tong, Singapore's second Prime Minister
File:Tony Tan Keng Yam cropp.jpg|Alumnus Tony Tan Keng Yam, Singapore's seventh President
File:President of Singapore SR Nathan.jpg|Alumnus S. R. Nathan, Singapore's sixth and longest-serving President
File:Mahathir Mohamad addressing the United Nations General Assembly (September 25 2003).jpg|Alumnus Mahathir Mohamad, 4th and 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia

## Related pages 
* Nanyang Technological University

## References 
## Other websites 
* National University of Singapore official site
Andrzej Strzelecki

**Andrzej Tadeusz Strzelecki** (4 February 1952 – 17 July 2020), was a Polish actor, satirist, theatre director and screenwriter. He was the rector of the Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw in the years 2008 to 2016. He was born in Warsaw. His best known roles were in *Klan*, *Battle of Warsaw 1920* and *Barwy szczęścia*.

Strzelecki died in Warsaw on 17 July 2020 from lung cancer, aged 68.

## References
Franciszek Ziejka

**Franciszek Ziejka** (3 October 1940 – 19 July 2020) was a Polish scholar and historian. His works focused in Polish literature. He was born in Radłów, Poland. Ziejka became a member of the Polish Academy of Learning in 1997 in Kraków. He was also a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish PEN International Club.

Ziejka died on 19 July 2020 in Krakow, Poland at the age of 79.

## References
Margaret McIver

**Margaret Elizabeth McIver** (7 August 1933 – 21 July 2020) was an Australian equestrian, dressage coach and judge. She was born in Gordon, Australia.

McIver was the first Australian to represent her country in dressage when she competed at the Los Angeles 1984 Olympics in the individual event. 

IcIver was an honorary life member of Equestrian Australia. 

In January 2000, she was awarded the Australian Sports Medal as the first Australian to compete at the Olympics in dressage.

She died on 21 July 2020 at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
Charles Dewachtere

**Charles Paul Dewachtere** (22 December 1927 &ndash; 22 July 2020) was a Belgian long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1952 Summer Olympics. 

In 1951 he became Belgian champion in a race over 35 km, between Waregem and Ghent. He was born in Ghent, Belgium.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Luzius Wildhaber

**Luzius Wildhaber** (18 January 1937 &ndash; 22 July 2020) was a Swiss judge. He was born in Basel. He was the first President of the European Court of Human Rights. Wildhaber was elected on 24 July 1998, and was in the office from 1 November 1998 to 18 January 2007.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

Wildhaber died on 22 July 2020, aged 83.

## References
Emmanuel Farhi

**Emmanuel Farhi** (September 8, 1978 – July 23, 2020) was a French economist. He was a professor of economics at Harvard University. His research focused on macroeconomics and finance. He was a member of the French Economic Analysis Council to the French Prime Minister from 2010 to 2012.

Farhi died on July 23, 2020 at the age of 41.

## References
Lunatic

**Lunatic** is an old term that was used to refer to a person with a mental illness, or a mental disability. The term goes back to the Latin word lunaticus, which means ' of the moon', or moonstruck. It was also used in English law until about 1930, when it was  replaced by "person of unsound mind". Starting 1959, English law speaks about "mental illness".

## History 
 of a "Lunatic" according to an astrologer who describes how the positions of the planets Saturn and Mars with respect to the moon are the cause of "diseases of the mind".]]
The term "lunatic" was originally used to refer mainly to epilepsy and , as diseases thought to be caused by the moon. The King James Version of the Bible records "lunatick" in the Gospel of Matthew which has been interpreted as a reference to epilepsy.Philosophers such as Aristotle and Pliny the Elder argued that the full moon induced insane individuals with bipolar disorder by providing light during nights which would otherwise have been dark, and affecting susceptible individuals through the well-known route of sleep deprivation. Until at least 1700, it was also a common belief that the moon influenced fevers, rheumatism, episodes of epilepsy and other diseases.

## Related pages 
* Madness

## References
Alan Garner (footballer)

**Alan Henry Garner** (2 February 1951 – 23 July 2020) was an English professional footballer. He was best known as a player for Watford.

Garner only made two league appearances before moving on to Luton Town in 1971. Garner played 88 times in the league and helped Luton to promotion in 1973–74. 

At Watford, Garner became a key player, appearing 200 times in the league during his five years at Vicarage Road. His career later focused into non-League football with Barnet.

## References
Paolo Sassone-Corsi

**Paolo Sassone-Corsi** (8 June 1956 – 22 July 2020) was an Italian researcher and molecular biologist. He was born in Naples, Italy. Sassone-Corsi's work largely focused on the implementation of molecular approaches for cell signaling, circadian rhythm, epigenetics, and the plasticity of the genome.

Sassone-Corsi died on 23 July 2020 in Irvine, California at the age of 64.

## References
Tomas Joson III

**Tomas Noriel Joson III** (May 10, 1948 – July 23, 2020) was a Filipino politician, businessman and lawyer. He was a Governor of Nueva Ecija for one term from 1992 to 1995, and was re-elected for another three terms from 1998 to 2007. Joson was born in Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija.

In 2019, Joson was found guilty of three counts of graft and sentenced to between six and ten years' imprisonment for each count. Joson was acquitted in 2020.

Joson died on July 23, 2020 at the age of 72.

## References
Aleksandr Ivanitsky

**Aleksandr Vladimirovich Ivanitsky** (; 8 October 1937 &ndash; 22 July 2020) was a Soviet wrestler and Olympic champion in Freestyle wrestling. He won a gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Ivanitsky died on 22 July 2020 from a possible drowning, aged 82.

## References
Azimzhan Askarov

**Azimzhan Askarov** (; 17 May 1951 – 25 July 2020) was an Uzbek Kyrgyzstani political activist. He founded the group *Vozduh* in 2002 to investigate police brutality. During the 2010 ethnic clashes.

## Arrest and trial
He was arrested and prosecuted on charges of creating mass disturbances and complicity in murder. Following a trial protested by several international human rights groups for alleged torture and the courtroom intimidation of witnesses by police—Askarov was given a life sentence. 

In November 2010, Askarov's health was reported to be rapidly in bad health as a result of his confinement. Amnesty International honored him as a  prisoner of conscience.

In 2015, the U.S. gave the 2014 Human Rights Defender Award on Askarov. The Kyrgyz government protested this decision and formally terminated a 1993 agreement on cooperation between the U.S. and Kyrgyzstan. 

On 12 July 2016, the Supreme Court of Kyrgyzstan revoked the life sentence against Askarov and sent his case to the Chui Oblast Court for review. He was resentenced for life on 24 January 2017. 

## Death
Ivanitsky died on 25 July 2020 while serving his life sentence at a prison in Bishkek from pneumonia, aged 69.

## References
## Other websites
*Azimjan Askarov, a short documentary by Freedom House  (With English, Kyrgyz, and Russian subtitles)
Moussa Benhamadi

**Moussa Benhamadi** (4 January 1953 – 17 July 2020) was an Algerian politician and researcher. He was a member of the National Liberation Front (FLN). He was born in Ras El Oued, Algeria. From 2008 to 2010, he was CEO of Algérie Télécom. From 2002 to 2007, he was a member of the People's National Assembly.

Benhamadi died on 17 July 2020 in Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria from COVID-19 at the age of 67.

## References
Jerry Taft

**Jerry Taft** (March 14, 1943 &ndash; July 23, 2020) was an American meteorologist and weather presenter. He was chief meteorologist for WLS-TV in Chicago. He worked for 34 years with WLS, and for 42 years as a broadcast meteorologist in the Chicago area. He retired in January 2018.

Taft died on July 23, 2020 in Chicago, aged 77.

## References
Ice Hockey Federation of the Republic of Azerbaijan

The **Ice Hockey Federation of the Republic of Azerbaijan** is the Azerbaijani national ice hockey federation.

## History
The Ice Hockey Federation of the Republic of Azerbaijan was founded in 1991 as a part of the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation. After the Soviet Union had disintegrated, the Federation joined the International Ice Hockey Federation on May 6, 1992. There is no organized national hockey league in Azerbaijan, and the country has not played in any IIHF tournaments.

## References
Dominic Sonic

**Dominic Sonic**, stage name of **Dominique Garreau** (11 November 1964 – 23 July 2020) was a French singer. He released six albums from 1989 to 2015. He was born in Dinan, France. He stared his career by playing with Lamballe-based punk group Kalashnikov. He remained with the group for six years and performed in over 300 concerts. 

In 1987, he began producing his first solo album, *Cold Tears*, which was released two years later by the Belgian label Crammed Discs. Sonic took part in the Rencontres Trans Musicales in Rennes in 2002 as a surprise guest of The Stooges.

Sonic died on 23 July 2020 in Les Lilas, France at the age of 55.
## Discography
### Albums
**Cold Tears* (1989)
**Dominic Sonic* (1991)
**Les Leurres* (1994)
**Essais 94/96* (1996)
**Phalanstère #7* (2007)
**Vanités #6* (2015)
### Singles and EPs
**mini LP 4 titres : A train song / Too late / Back in the USSR / Listen to what I say* (1985)
**Lie to me* (1987)
**When my tears run cold / La loi des pauvres gens* (1989)
**A s’y méprendre / What I’m waiting for* (1990)
**A s’y méprendre (new version)/ Shadows in the fire (live)/ No fun (live)/ Praying to the lord (live)* (1990)
**He used to be/ Hey hey my my* (1991)
**Ils dorment encore* (1994)
**Il est encore temps* (1994)
**Je crois Antoine / Stick your love with blood / Hey, little mother* (1994)
## References
## Other websites
*
Zheng Shouren

**Zheng Shouren** (; January 30, 1940 – July 24, 2020) was a Chinese engineer. He was the chief designer of the Three Gorges Dam. He had been a key person in the planning and design of the Yangtze River Basin for a long time. He had published more than 60 papers and 4 books. He was a member of the Communist Party of China.

## References
Dick Bond (Kansas politician)

**Richard Lee Bond**  (September 18, 1935 – July 23, 2020) was an American banker, lawyer and Republican politician. He was born in Kansas City, Kansas. He was a member of the Kansas State Senate from 1987 to 2000. He was president of the senate between 1996 and 2000.

Bond died on July 23, 2020 in Overland Park, Kansas at the age of 84.

## References
Paulette Wilson

**Paulette Wilson** (1956 – 23 July 2020) was a British immigrant rights activist. She fought her own deportation to Jamaica and brought media attention to the human rights violations of the Windrush scandal. Under the terms of the British Nationality Act 1948, Wilson had arrived in England as citizens of the British Empire. 

In 2015, Wilson received notification from the government that she was an illegal immigrant and was required to leave the UK. Her housing and health care benefits were stopped. She became homeless and was denied the right to seek work. 

By 2017, Wilson was facing deportation. She had not returned to Jamaica for 50 years, but was arrested twice, detained in Yarl's Wood Detention Centre and then sent to the deportation centre at Heathrow Airport in October 2017. 

The Refugee and Migrant Centre of Wolverhampton persuaded her MP, Emma Reynolds, to stop the deportation at the last minute to allow Wilson more time to appeal to the Home Office. In 2018, she was officially granted leave to remain.

Wilson died on 23 July 2020 in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England at the age of 64.

## References
Dubbing (filmmaking)

**Dubbing**, **mixing** or **re-recording**, is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production. This is in which more recordings are lip-synced and "mixed" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack. It is mainly used to translate works in other languages.

These are often used to translate movies, television shows and video games into different languages using different voice actors.

## References
Rene Carpenter

**Rene Carpenter** (April 12, 1928July 24, 2020) was an American newspaper columnist and television personality. She was the wife of Scott Carpenter, one of the Mercury Seven astronauts. She was part of the Astronaut Wives Club and was its last living member. She was born in Clinton, Iowa.

In 1968, she campaigned for Robert Kennedy. She worked for Committee for National Health Insurance.

Carpenter died on July 24, 2020, at a hospital in Denver from congestive heart failure, aged 92.  She was the last surviving member of the Astronaut Wives Club, after Annie Glenn died two months earlier.

## References
Roberto Draghetti

**Roberto Draghetti** (24 August 1960 - 24 July 2020) was an Italian actor. He was born in Rome. He was known for being the official dubber of actors Jamie Foxx, Terry Crews and Idris Elba. He dubbed the voice of Maurice in the *Madagascar* franchise and Eddy in *Ed, Edd n Eddy*. He died of a sudden heart attack on 24 July 2020, aged 59.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ben Jipcho

**Benjamin Wabura Jipcho** (1 March 1943 – 24 July 2020) was a Kenyan track and field athlete. He won the silver medal in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Mount Elgon District, Western Province in Kenya.

Jipcho died on 24 July 2020 from prostate cancer at a hospital in Eldoret, Kenya, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
David Hagen

**David James Hagen** (5 May 1973 – 24 July 2020) was a Scottish professional footballer. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Hagen began his career with Rangers, where he played 20 competitive games, before moving to Hearts.

Hagen joined Peterhead in 2004. This was to be his last senior club, before he joined junior side Bo'ness United in 2006, where he played for a year before retiring.

In July 2018, it was reported that Hagen was suffering from motor neuron disease. He died of the illness on 24 July 2020.

## References
Azerbaijan Futsal Premier League

**Azerbaijan Futsal Premier League** is the premier futsal league in Azerbaijan.  It was founded in 1994. Organized by Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan and is played under UEFA  rules, currently consists of 8 teams.

## History
Araz Naxçivan is very dominant in Azeri futsal, winning Premier League ten times in a row.

## Champions
|valign="top" width=0%|

|-
|}

### Results by team
## References 
## Other websites
*Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan  ; (English version)
*Futsalplanet
National Assembly (Angola)

The **National Assembly** () is the legislative branch of the government of Angola. The National Assembly is a unicameral body. It is made up with 220 members: 130 members elected by representation and 90 members elected by provincial districts.

## References
Nejib Ben Khalfallah

**Nejib Ben Khalfallah** () (1967 – 24 July 2020) was a Tunisian dancer and choreographer. He was born in Tunis, Tunisia. From 1993 to 2020, he directed and staged choreographic shows. His best known works were *Mnema* (2012), ''Jardin d'amour* (2014), *Thala mon amour* (2016), and *Fausse couche'' (2017).

Khalfallah died on 24 July 2020 in Tunis.

## References
Kundi Paihama

**Kundi Paihama** (9 December 1944 – 24 July 2020) was an Angolan politician. He was Angola's Minister of Defense from 2002 to 2010. He was also a member of the National Assembly between 2018 to 2020. 

Paihama died in a private hospital in Luanda, Angola on 24 July 2020, aged 75.

## References
Lotty Rosenfeld

**Carlota Eugenia Rosenfeld Villarreal** (20 June 1943 – 24 July 2020), known as **Lotty Rosenfeld**, was a Chile artist. She was born in Santiago, Chile. She was active during the late 1970s during the time of the Chilean military coup d'etat. She carried out public art interventions in urban areas. She would use traffic signs in order to challenge viewers to rethink notions of public space and political agency. Her work has been seen in many countries throughout Latin America, and Internationally in places such as Europe, Japan, and Australia.

Rosenfeld died on 24 July 2020 in Santiago from lung cancer, aged 77.

## References
Jan Verroken

**Jan Verroken** (30 January 1917 – 24 July 2020) was a Belgian politician. He was born in Melden, Belgium. He was a member of the Christelijke Volkspartij. He was a member of the Chamber of Representatives from 1950 to 1981. Verroken was a member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1984. He was Mayor of Oudenaarde from 1983 to 1988.

Verroken died on 24 July 2020 in Mechelen, Belgium at the age of 103.

## References
Victor Brandt

**Victor Brandt** (born September 19, 1942) is an American actor. Brandt was born in Los Angeles, California. He is known for being the voice of Master Pakku in *Avatar: The Last Airbender*, as Rupert Thorne in *The Batman*, and as General Crozier in *Metalocalypse*.

## References
## Other websites
*
John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan

**Richard John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan** (born 18 December 1934 – disappeared 8 November 1974, declared dead 3 February 2016), commonly known as **Lord Lucan**, was a British peer. He disappeared after being suspected of murder.

## Early life
He was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat, the eldest son of George Bingham, 6th Earl of Lucan by his mother Kaitlin Dawson.  He was born in London.

## Gambling
He was a known gambler and became skilled at backgammon and bridge, and was an early member of the Clermont Club. Lucan's losses often were more than his winnings, yet he left his job at a London-based merchant bank and became a professional gambler. He was known as **Lord Bingham** from April 1949 until January 1964, during his father's lifetime.

Lucan was thought for the role of James Bond in the movie versions of Ian Fleming's novels. He was known for his expensive tastes

## Disappearance
On the evening of 7 November 1974, Sandra Rivett, the nanny of Lucan's children, was beaten to death in the basement of the Lucan family home. Lady Lucan was also attacked; she later said Lucan as her assailant. As the police began their homicide investigation, Lucan telephoned his mother, asking her to collect the children, and then drove a borrowed Ford Corsair to a friend's house in Uckfield, East Sussex. Hours later, he left the property and disappeared.

The car was found abandoned in Newhaven. The police issued a warrant for Lucan's arrest a few days later, and the inquest into Rivett's death named him as her murderer.

Many believed he faked his death so avoid being arrested while some believe he committed suicide or was murdered. Lucan has not been found and was presumed dead in chambers on 11 December 1992 and declared legally dead in October 1999.

## References
Paul Van Roy

**Paul Van Roy** (1931/1932 – July 2020) was a Belgian basketball player and journalist. He was born in Niel, Belgium. He played for the Belgium men's national basketball team. He scored 75 points in 1 match.

Van Roy was for over 50 years a local news and sport journalist and correspondent for *Gazet van Antwerpen*. He wrote articles for the news agency until his death.

Van Roy died in July 2020, aged 88, from pancreatic cancer. His death was announced on 24 July 2020.

## References
Azerbaijan men's national basketball team

The **Azerbaijan national basketball team** () is the national basketball team of Azerbaijan. The team is controlled by the Azerbaijan Basketball Federation. 

Azerbaijan has been a FIBA member since 1991, although they have not fielded a senior national team in any competition in over five years. 

## Current roster
At the 2013 EuroBasket Qualification: *(last publicized squad)*

## Competitive record 
|valign=top width=0%|

### At the Championship for Small Countries
|}

## Achievements
*Championship for Small Countries
:**Champions**: 2006, 2008
:*Fourth place**: 2004
*Basketball at the Islamic Solidarity Games
:**Champions*': 2005

## Past rosters
2012:

Coach: Samit Nuruzade

## Related pages
* Azerbaijan women's national basketball team
* Azerbaijan Basketball League
* Azerbaijan Basketball Federation

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*Azerbaijan at FIBA site
*Azerbaijan National Team - Men at Eurobasket.com
Donaustauf

**Donaustauf** is a market town in Bavaria,  east of Regensburg at the foothills of the Bavarian Forest.

## References
Ladies in Love

***Ladies in Love*** is a 1936 American romantic comedy movie directed by Edward H. Griffith and based on the play of the same name by Leslie Bush-Fekete. It stars Janet Gaynor, Constance Bennett, Loretta Young, Simone Simon, Don Ameche, Paul Lukas, Tyrone Power, Virginia Field and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
* 
*
Dingolshausen

**Dingolshausen** is a municipality in Schweinfurt in Bavaria, Germany.

Placed at the foot of the Steigerwald (forest) and in the valley of a creek named the Volkach.

## References
Adlkofen

**Adlkofen** is a municipality of the district of Landshut in Lower Bavaria in Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 4,321 people lived there.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Shankar Lalwani

**Shankar Lalwani** (born 16 October 1961) is an Indian politician and Member of Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha from Indore. He also held previously the position of chairman in Indore Development Authority.

## Personal life 
Lalwani was born on 16 October 1961 to Jamnadas Lalwani and Gouridevi Lalwani in Indore, Madhya Pradesh.  He is a Sindhi whose family migrated from Pakistan after the Partition of India. Lalwani completed his Higher Secondary from Madhya Pradesh Board in 1978. He graduated with a B. Tech degree from Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute affiliated to University of Bombay. 

Lalwani married Amita Lalwani on 10 March 1985, with whom he has a son. 

### Position held 
* *1994 - 1999*: Corporator, Municipal Corporation of Indore
* *1999 - 2004*: Chairman, PWD, Municipal Corporation of Indore
* *2004 - 2009*: Chairperson, Municipal Corporation of Indore
* *2013 - 2018*: Chairperson, Indore Development Authority
* *May 2019 - present* : Elected to 17th Lok Sabha
* *September 2019 - present*: Member, Standing Committee on Urban Development

## References 
## Other websites
*
Elsevier

**Elsevier** is a Dutch publishing and analytics company specialized in scientific, medical and technical contents. It belongs to RELX Group.

## Major products
Elsevier provides various services to support researchers. Some of them are similar to Google Scholar by Google.
### ScienceDirect
**ScienceDirect** is a website which gives subscription-based access to a large database of scientific and medical research. It stores many papers and academic journals as PDF.
### Scopus
**Scopus** is Elsevier’s abstract and citation database launched in 2004. It gives four types of quality measure for each title; those are h-Index, CiteScore, SJR (SCImago Journal Rank) and SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper).
## International relationships
Elsevier is not a non-profit organization. Therefore, some of their products are not cheap. Due to this difficulty, some universities have terminated their contract with Elsevier.
### France 
The French Couperin consortium agreed in 2019 to a 4-year contract with Elsevier. This agreement was made despite criticism from the scientific community.
### Germany
Almost no academic institution in Germany is subscribed to Elsevier.
### Italy
CRUI (an association of universities in Italy) sealed a 5-year-long deal for 2018–2022. This decision was made despite protests from the scientific community.
### Taiwan
In 2016, CONCERT (an association of universities in Taiwan) announced it would not renew its contract with Elsevier.

### Ukraine 
In June 2020, the government of Ukraine cancelled subscriptions for all state universities because two parties did not negotiate on conditions.

## Legal actions
### Lobbying efforts against open access 
Elsevier have been known to be involved in lobbying against open access. These have included the likes of:
* **Federal Research Public Access Act** 
* **Research Works Act** 
* Horizon 2020
* Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)
### Lawsuits
In 2015, Elsevier filed a lawsuit against the sites Sci-Hub and Library Genesis. They were making copyright-protected articles available for free. Elsevier also claimed illegal access to institutional accounts.

## References
## Other websites
*Campaign success: Reed Elsevier sells international arms fairs 
*
* ScienceDirect
Bessenbach

**Bessenbach** is a community in the Aschaffenburg district in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany.

## Geography
### Location
Bessenbach lies southeast of the town of Aschaffenburg among the Spessart range's outlying hills.

### Subdivision
Bessenbach's *Ortsteile* are Beetacker, Frauengrund, Gemeindezentrum, Keilberg, Klingerhof, Klingermühle, Oberbessenbach, Steiger, Straßbessenbach, Unterbessenbach, Waldmichelbach and Weiler.

## Governance
### Community council
The council is made up of 20 council members.

(as at municipal election held on 2 March 2008)

### Town twinning
* Dury, Somme, France
* Saint-Fuscien, Somme, France
* Sains-en-Amiénois, Somme, France

This is one partnership that Bessenbach has maintained with all three French communes since 1985.

## References
## Other websites
*
Footlight Serenade

***Footlight Serenade*** is a 1942 American musical comedy movie directed by Gregory Ratoff and stars Betty Grable, John Payne, Victor Mature. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
*
Kindsbach

**Kindsbach** is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 2,373 people lived there.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Krempe

**Krempe** is a town of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 2,362 people lived there.

## Other websites 
* Official website of the town of Krempe
Bernard Ładysz

**Bernard Ładysz** (24 July 1922 – 25 July 2020) was a Polish opera singer and actor.  His recordings include *Lucia di Lammermoor* (with Maria Callas) and *The Devils of Loudon* (with Tatiana Troyanos). He was born in Wilno, then Poland.

His best known roles were in *The Doll* (1968), *Ziemia obiecana* (1974), *The Quack* (1982), *Pierścień i róża* (1986) and *Ogniem i mieczem* (1999).

Ładysz died on 25 July 2020 in Warsaw, one day after his 98th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bissen

**Bissen** () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Mersch.

As of 2019, 3,183 people live here.

## Other websites 
*
Manic Frustration

***Manic Frustration*** is the fifth studio album by American rock band Trouble. It was recorded in 1991 and released on 16 June 1992. The album had faster music than the albums they made before. Their older albums were slower and more like doom metal.

## Track listing
## References
Hurricane Hanna (2020)

**Hurricane Hanna** was an Atlantic tropical cyclone. The storm threatened northern Mexico and south-central Texas.

Hanna struck Texas as a borderline Category 1/Category 2 hurricane on Saturday, July 25, 2020.
Gersthofen

**Gersthofen** (Swabian: *Geäschdhoofe*) is a town in the district of Augsburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the west bank of the river Lech, about  north of Augsburg.

Gersthofen is split into five districts (German: Stadtteile): Batzenhofen, Edenbergen (with Gailenbach and Gailenbacher Mühle), Gersthofen, Hirblingen, and Rettenbergen (with Peterhof).

## References
Trouble (band)

**Trouble** is an American rock band. They were started in 1979 in Aurora, Illinois. They are thought to be one of the main bands that started doom metal. They used sounds from British rock bands Black Sabbath and Judas Priest, as well as psychadelic rock bands from the 1970s. The main members of the band have been Eric Wagner (singer), Rick Wartell and Bruce Franklin (guitarists), and Jeff Olson (drums).

## Studio albums 
## References
Litochoro

**Litochoro** (, *Litóchoro*; Katharevousa: Λιτόχωρον) is a town in the southern part of Greece.

## References
Massader

**Massader** of Palestine is the arm of the Palestinian Investment Fund for Development of Natural Resources and Infrastructure Projects. The company plays an important role in developing large-scale strategic projects that aim to develop and use Palestinian natural resources (hydrocarbon resources and renewable resources) and provide various sources of national energy sources, in addition to developing the basic infrastructure for the electricity sector, all with the aim of establishing a firm foundation for an independent Palestinian state.

The company aims to develop the natural resources of Palestinian oil and gas, develop productive infrastructure for the electricity and water sectors, contribute to achieving economic independence in the energy and water sectors, reduce the level of dependence on imported supplies, contribute to enabling the development of heavy industries such as cement and steel.

## The Middle East Solar Energy Industries Association Award
Massader has won the award for the best solar energy project, from Middle East Solar Industry Association, for the project of installing photovoltaic panels on the roofs of 500 schools and universities throughout Palestine, for a total of 35 megawatts of solar energy.
## References
When Ambrose Dared Walrus

***When Ambrose Dared Walrus*** is a 1915 silent short film directed by Walter Wright.

The film was produced by the Keystone Film Company under the working title *Fire Insurance Story.* It was distributed by Mutual Film. It was released in the United States on July 12, 1915.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Nyctimystes cryptochrysos

***Nyctimystes cryptochrysos***  is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea. It lives on Fergusson Island between 900 and 1500 meters above sea level.  Scientists think it might also live in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands.

The scientific name of this species *chryptochrysos* comes from the Greek *kryptos* for "hidden" and *chrysos* for "gold," meaning the gold color on the middle of this frog's body.

## References
The Freeze-Out

***The Freeze-Out*** is a 1921 American western movie directed by John  Ford and starring Harry Carey, Helen Ferguson, Joe Harris, Charles Le Moyne. It was distributed by Universal Pictures and is a lost movie.

## Other websites
*
*
Boško Marinko

**Boško Marinko** (11 August 1939 &ndash; 18 July 2020) was a Serbian wrestler. He competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1972 Summer Olympics.

Marinko died on 18 July 2020, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Vallée de l'Ernz

'''Vallée de l'Ernz''' () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch. It was created on 1 January 2012 from the former communes of Ermsdorf and Medernach.

As of 2019, 2,641 people live here.
Nina Andreyeva

**Nina Aleksandrovna Andreyeva** (, 12 October 1938 – 24 July 2020) was a Russian chemist, teacher, author, political activist, and social critic. She criticized General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his closest supporters for not being true communists.

Andreyeva died in St. Petersburg, Russia on 24 July 2020 at the age of 81.

## Works 
* 
* 
* 

## References 
## Other websites
*Full text of *I Cannot Waive Principles* (archived) as published in Sovetskaia Rossiia on March 13, 1988
*All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks official site
Flor Isava Fonseca

**Flor Isava Fonseca** (20 May 1921 &ndash; 25 July 2020)  was a Venezuelan sportswoman, journalist and writer. She was the vice president of the Venezuelan Red Cross.

In 1981, Isava-Fonseca and Finnish Pirjo Häggman were the first women to be elected to the International Olympic Committee. She was the first woman to be on the executive board in 1990.

Fonseca died on 25 July 2020, aged 99.

## References
José Mentor

**José Mentor Guilherme de Mello Netto** (30 September 1948 – 25 July 2020), better known simply as **José Mentor**, was a Brazilian lawyer and politician. He was a Federal Deputy from 2003 to 2019. Mentor was a member of the Workers' Party.

Mentor died on 25 July 2020 in São Paulo from COVID-19, aged 71.

## References
Maurice Petty

**Maurice Petty** (March 27, 1939July 25, 2020) was an American NASCAR crew chief and engine builder. He worked for Petty Enterprises, of which he was part owner.  He was added into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2011.  He was honored into the NASCAR Hall of Fame in 2014. He was the first engine builder to be honored in that Hall. Petty was born in Randolph County, North Carolina. Petty was the younger brother of Richard Petty.

Petty died on the morning of July 25, 2020, at the age of 81.

## References
Luciano Fabio Stirati

**Luciano Fabio Stirati** (15 December 1922 – 25 July 2020) was an Italian politician. Stirati was born in Gubbio, Italy. He represented the Italian Socialist Party for two nonconsecutive terms. He was a member of the Senate, from 1963 to 1968, and from 1972 to 1976. 

Stirati died on 25 July 2020 at a hospital in the Province of Perugia at the age of 97.

## References
Malakoff

**Malakoff** is a commune that is found in the Hauts-de-Seine department in France. In 2017, 30,720 people lived there.

## References
Névez

**Névez** () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

## References
Order of Queen Maria Luisa

The **Order of Queen Maria Luisa**  or "**Royal Order of Noble Ladies of Queen Maria Luisa"** was an Order created by King King Carlos IV of Spain by ryal decree in Aprile 21 1792, at the request of his dominating wife, Queen Maria Luisa, to reward noble women who distinguished themselves for their services and talents. As such, it was established as an honour reserved only for women. The "Grand Mistress" of the order was the wife and thus the queen consort of Spain. The "Grand Mistress" would decide which woman would become a member of the order. It is one of about four orders reserved for women. Others include the Order of Saint Elizabeth (Bavaria) as well as the Order of Saint Catherine (Russia) and the Order of the Starry Cross (Holy Roman Empire).
John Tucker Must Die

***John Tucker Must Die*** is a 2006 American teen romantic comedy movie directed by Betty Thomas. The movie is about a trio of girls who plot to break the heart of manipulative basketball star John Tucker after they learn he has been secretly dating all three and pledging each is "the one". They recruit cute wallflower Kate in their scheme to publicly humiliate the main male lead. The movie made $68 million worldwide. It stars Jesse Metcalfe, Brittany Snow, Ashanti, Sophia Bush, Arielle Kebbel, Penn Badgley, Jenny McCarthy and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Nyctimystes dux

***Nyctimystes dux***  is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea.  Scientists have only seen it near Yuwong Village on the Huon Peninsula.  Different scientists disagree about whether this frog should be in the genus *Litoria* or *Nyctimystes*.

Some scientists think that *Nyctimystes dux* is a separate species.  Other scientists think it is the same species as *Litoria graminea*.

## References
MacOS Big Sur

**macOS Big Sur** (version 11.0) is the seventeenth major version of macOS, Apple Inc.'s desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to macOS Catalina. macOS Big Sur was announced at WWDC 2020 on June 3, 2020.

## References
Raqqa Governorate

**Raqqa Governorate** ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. Its capital is Raqqa. Its ethnic groups are majority Arabs with a minority of Kurds.
Hebrew alphabet

The **Hebrew alphabet** (,  ) is the alphabet used to write the Hebrew language. It has 22 letters.

It has no capital letters, and is used to write some other other Jewish languages, like Yiddish, Ladino, Judeo-Arabic, and Judeo-Persian.. 

## Letters
Letters are down below.

*

## References
## Bibliography
*  ff.
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Hoffman, Joel M. 2004. *In the Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language.* New York: New York University Press.
* 
* 
* Steinberg, David. *History of the Hebrew Language.*

## External links
### General
* How to draw letters
* Official Unicode standards document for Hebrew
* Unicode collation chartsincluding Hebrew letters, sorted by shape

### Keyboards
* LiteType.comVirtual & Interactive Hebrew Keyboard
* Mikledet.comFor typing Hebrew with an English keyboard (Hebrew keyboard|Hebrew layout)
* Prize Find: Oldest Hebrew Inscription  Biblical Archaeology Review
Daraa Governorate

**Dara`a Governorate** ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. Its capital is Daraa.

## References
Nyctimystes eucavatus

***Nyctimystes eucavatus***  is a tree frog from eastern Papua New Guinea.  Scientists found it between 800 and 1200 meters above sea level in the eastern mountains.

This frog lays eggs that are about 2.2 mm long.

## References
Malaysian Investment Development Authority

**The Malaysian Industry Development Authority** (MIDA) is the main government agency for improving the manufacturing and services sector in Malaysia and is listed under the Malaysia Industrial Development Authority Act. The authority assists companies that intend to invest in the industrial and services sector and facilitate the implementation of its projects. It includes the wide range of services that MIDA provides, in addition to providing information on investment opportunities, as well as facilitating companies looking for joint venture partners.

## Tasks of the Authority
* Encouraging foreign and domestic investments in the manufacturing and services sectors
* Doing industrial development planning in Malaysia
* Recommend the policies and strategies for industrial promotion and development of the Minister of International Trade and Industry
* Evaluating applications for manufacturing licenses and expatriate jobs. Tax incentives for manufacturing, tourism, research and development activities, training and software development institutions; And exemption from duties on raw materials, components and machines
* Issuing a confirmation letter for the application of import tax and / or exemption from sales tax on machinery, equipment, spare parts and consumables.
* Assisting companies in implementing and operating their projects, and providing assistance through direct consultation, consultation and cooperation with the relevant authorities at the federal and state levels
* Facilitating information exchange and coordination between institutions working in or related to industrial development
* International agreements
## References
Ingrian language

**Ingrian**, also called **Izhorian**, is a Finnic language spoken in Ingria, Russia. It is almost extinct, as it only has about 142 native speakers left. Most of these are elderly. This has happened because many people who speak Finnish moved there, meaning most people in Ingria now speak Finnish.

## References
Anetz

**Anetz** is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vair-sur-Loire.

## References
Sonni Hönscheid

**Sonja "Sonni" Hönscheid** (born 27 May 1981 on Sylt, Germany) is a German professional surfer. She is a three time champion in stand up paddling (SUP), and a twelve times German champion in surfing. She won the 2019 International Canoe Federation (ICF) Stand Up Paddling championship.

She won the Molokai 2 Oahu Paddleboard World Championships, in 2014, 2015 and 2016. She won the 2019 Carolina Cup.

## References 
## Other websites
*official website
Ancenis-Saint-Géréon

**Ancenis-Saint-Géréon** is a commune of 10,802 people (2017). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. It was created on 1 January 2019 from the former communes of Ancenis (the seat) and Saint-Géréon.

## References
Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı

**Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı** (4 October 1910 Diyarbakır – 12 October 1956 Vienna) was a Turkish poet, writer and interpreter. He was one of the important poet on Turkish Poetry in the Republic era.

## References
Ali Sami Yen

**Ali Sami Yen** (20 May 1888 &ndash; 29 July 1951) was a Turkish football player, coach and manager. He was the founder and first president of Galatasaray S.K.

When he was a student at Galatasaray High School, he and his colleagues decided to start a football club. On October 1905, they started Galatasaray S.K. and he became founding member number 1.

## References
New and Renewable Energy Authority

**New and Renewable Energy Authority** (NREA) is the government institution which is responsible for the promotion and development of renewable energy projects which include solar and wind energy in Egypt. The main role of the authority is providing research and development for new and renewable energy projects. NREA is affiliated with many energy projects which includes Zafarana wind farm the first wind farm in Egypt and Africa, Jabal al-Zeit wind farm, Benban solar park and others.

Recently, The Authority worked in a project (The Migratory Soaring Birds (MSB)) to protect the migrating birds with the ministry of environment. In 2020 the project awarded the International Energy Prize for saving millions of birds from death by colliding with wind turbines in Jabal al-Zeit wind farm north of Hurghada. 
## References
Arizona (movie)

***Arizona*** is a 1931 American romantic drama movie directed by George B. Seitz and is the third version of the 1899 play of the same name by Augustus Thomas. It stars John Wayne, Laura Le Plante, June Clyde, Forrest Stanley, Nina Quartero, Susan Fleming and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
*
*
*
Dumat Al-Jandal Wind Farm

**Dumat Al-Jandal Wind Farm** is the first wind farm in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located in Dumat Al-Jandal in the Al-Jouf region, northwest of Saudi Arabia, about 1046 km north of the capital Riyadh. The cost of the Dumat Al-Jandal wind power plant is $ 500 million, and after the construction works are completed, the station will be able to generate sustainable energy sufficient for about 70,000 housing units. The "Dumat Al-Jandal" project was chosen as the first wind energy project in Saudi Arabia, after studies showed a strong mixture of wind capabilities at the project site, so that the expected average production for the wind station is about 1.4 Terawatts.

The project was granted based on the standard cost of electricity, which equals 2.3 cents per kilowatt hour, which was a new record for a project of this kind in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Dumat Al-Jandal wind farm will provide electric power according to a 20-year energy purchase agreement with the Saudi Energy Purchase Company, a subsidiary of the Saudi Electricity Company, the agency responsible for generating and distributing energy in Saudi Arabia.

## The Deal of the Year award for the renewable energy sector in the Middle East and Africa 2019
Dumat Al-Jandal wind farm project won the Best Renewable Project by Project Finance International (PFI) in the Middle East and Africa for the year 2019. After the project achievement of a new record of recording the lowest standard electricity generation rate of $ 0.0199 per kWh.

## The beginning of the project
Work began on the farm in the middle of the calendar year 2019, and it is expected that the project will start generating energy in the last quarter of 2020, and work on the project will end in 2022.

## References
Zkara

The **Zkara** or **Zakraoui** or **Izkrawiyen** (in Berber : Izkrawiyen ⵉⵣⴽⵔⴰⵓⵉⵢⵏ, Azakrawi ⴰⵣⴽⵔⴰⵓⵉ) are Zenati Berber tribe established in the northeast region of Morocco, in the eastern region, 25 km southwest of Oujda, in the Mestferki commune, not far from the closed border between Morocco and Algeria. RAMDAOUI

## References
As-Suwayda Governorate

**As-Suwayda** or **Al-Suwayda Governorate** ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. Its capital is al-Suwayda.
Pencran

**Pencran** () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

## References
Francisco Frutos

**Francisco "Paco" Frutos Gras** (6 September 1939 – 26 July 2020) was a Spanish politician. From 1998 until 2009, he was the Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). He was born in Calella, Spain.

He died on 26 July 2020, aged 80.

## References
Guy Lutgen

**Guy Lutgen** (19 April 1936 – 26 July 2020) was a Belgian politician. He was a member of Christian Social Party. He was the Minister of Agriculture from 1988 to 1999. He was a Senator  between 1977 to 1995. Lutgen was Mayor of Bastogne (1976–2000).

Lutgen was born in Noville in 1936 and died in Baillonville in 2020, aged 84.

## References
Aubrey de Grey

**Aubrey David Nicholas Jasper de Grey** (born 20 April 1963) is an English author and ageing researcher. He is the Chief Science Officer of the SENS Research Foundation and VP of New Technology Discovery at AgeX Therapeutics, Inc.

## Views 
### Aging 
De Grey thinks that it will be possible to reverse aging.
## Related pages 
### Terms coined by Aubrey de Grey 
* 
* Pro-aging trance

## References 
## Bibliography 
* *The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging* (1999, Cambridge University Press)
* *Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence: Why Genuine Control Of Aging May Be Foreseeable* (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2004)
* *Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs That Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime* (with Michael Rae) (St. Martin's Press, 2008)
* 

## Other websites 
* Aubrey de Grey at TED
* 'We will be able to live to 1,000' Interview with BBC website, outlining views
* 
* Aubrey de Grey: "Aging is emphatically not an inescapable destiny"  Tendencias21, Mars 2013