open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Susan Abulhawa

**Susan Abulhawa** (born June 3, 1970) is a Palestinian-American writer and human rights activist. She is the author of the 2010 best-selling novel *While the World Sleeps*, and founder of the NGO Playgrounds for Palestine*.* She lives in Yardley,&nbsp;Pennsylvania.

Her second novel, "The Blue Between Sky and Water" (en), which has been translated into more than 19 languages.&nbsp;It was published in the United Kingdom on June 4, 2015, and in the United States on September 1, 2015.

## Family Background 
Her parents were born in the city of Al-Tur in Jerusalem, and were displaced in the 1967 war. Her father said that they were expelled at gunpoint. Her mother was studying in Germany at the time, so she could not return. After that, they were reunited in Jordan before going to Kuwait, where Suzan was born in 1970. After the disintegration of the family due to the war, she was sent to her uncle in the United States At the age of thirteen, she was sent to North Carolina as an adopted child. She has lived in the United States since that time. 

## Writing 
She majored in biology in college and completed a master's degree in neuroscience. She later moved to journalism and fiction, where she contributed to some anthologies that were published in major and minor American and international newspapers. She wrote her first novel*, While the World Sleeps*, which achieved many international sales and was published in at least 26 languages. In 2013, she published some poetic writings entitled “The Voice of the Wind Sought for Me,” and she announced that she had completed them and sold her second novel.

## Playgrounds for Palestine 
She founded Playgrounds for Palestine, a non-governmental organization that defends Palestinian children by building camps for them in Palestine and in United Nations camps in Lebanon. Their first land was established at the beginning of 2002.

## Her activities 
In 2000, she traveled to Palestine and heard the sound of her childhood at the foot of the Mount of Olives, and there she finally achieved her purpose. She lived her life along an indefinable path. She said that it was one of the political activities in confronting the Israeli settlements on the Palestinian lands. She said that her visit to Palestine was considered an awakening. When she heard the call to prayer there for the first time, she realized how much she had missed it and began to cry.
## References
China Open (snooker)

The **China Open** was a snooker tournament. It was a ranking tournament tournaments. It began in 1997. The final champion is Neil Robertson, who won the event in 2019.

## History 
The first big snooker tournament in China was the **China International** in September 1997. The China International was a non-ranking tournament for the top 16 players and local players. The following season the tournament was given a ranking and was held in March. Then the name of the event was changed to **China Open** and was held in December, so there were two events in 1999. After the 2002 tournament the event was abandoned.

The event was revived in 2004. Local players were invited to play against the qualifiers. Ding Junhui, Chinese, won the tournament, but as he entered as a wild-card, he received no prize money nor ranking points.

## References
Yasin (RPG)

The **Yasin** (Arabic: ياسين), also known as **Yassin** or **Al-Yassin**, is a RPG weapon made by the Al-Qassam Brigades which is the military group of Hamas. It's used to destroy tanks and other armoured vehicles and was first used in 2004. It's named after Hamas' leader, Sheikh Ahmed Yasin, who was killed by the Israeli Forces on March 22, 2004.

The Yasin was shown for the first time in August 2004. It was created by engineers from Hamas, led by Adnan al-Ghoul, who was killed by the IDF on October 22, 2004.

The design of the Yasin was influenced by two other weapons: the RPG-2 and RPG-7. The RPG-2 was used for the launcher's tube design and the shape of the warhead. The RPG-7 was used for the enhanced warhead and the nozzle at the launcher's rear. This nozzle helps reduce the recoil when firing the rocket. The Yasin is made in small underground workshops and uses TNT and powdered ammonium nitrate as explosives. It's said to have a range of 200 to 250 meters, according to Israeli intelligence.
## Related pages
*Qassam rocket
*Bazooka
*Anti-tank guided missile
## References
Jusepe de Ribera

**Jusepe de Ribera** (January 12, 1591 - September 2, 1652) was a Spanish Tenebrist painter and printmaker. He also had the name **Lo Spagnoletto** ("the little Spaniard") given to him by his contemporaries and early biographers. Rivera was considered as one of leading painters of the Spanish School, although his mature works were painted in Italy.

## Reference 

* Main source: Scholz-Hänsel, Michael. (2000). *Jusepe de Ribera, 1591–1652* . Cologne: Konemann. ISBN 3-8290-2872-5

## Read more 
* Brown, Jonathan. (1973). *Jusepe de Ribera: prints and drawings; [catalogue of an exhibition] The Art Museum, Princeton University, October–November 1973* . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.  the standard work on his prints and drawings.
* Williamson, Mark A. "The Martyrdom Paintings of Jusepe de Ribera: Catharsis and Transformation"; PhD Dissertation, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 2000 (available online at myspace.com/markwilliamson13732) (link broken)

## Other websites 
* Jusepe de Ribera's Biography, Style, and Artwork
* Jusepe de Ribera at Artcyclopedia
* The bearded woman, Work of the month - Ducal House of Medinaceli Foundation
* Jusepe de Ribera. Pictures and Biography
Air France Flight 4590

**Air France Flight 4590** was a Concorde flight operated by Air France that crashed on 25 July 2000. The flight was supposed to go from Paris to New York City. Shortly after takeoff from Charles de Gaulle Airport, the airplane crashed into a hotel in a suburb in nearby Gonesse, killing all 109 people on board plus 4 people on the ground.

The crash was caused by a piece of metal on the runway from a DC-10 that punctured one of the airplane's fuel tanks. This led to an engine fire, and the airplane lost power in its engines. The aircraft lost control due to the fire and crashed. This accident led to the temporary grounding of the Concorde fleet and changes in how the airplane was operated. The Concorde also decreased in popularity from the crash.

## Notes
## References
José Luis de Pando Villarroya

**José Luis de Pando Villarroya** (born in La Palma (Cartagena), Murcia, in 1937 ), is a Spanish journalist, economist and lawyer. 

## Biography and professional career 
He received his doctorate in Information Sciences from the Complutense University of Madrid . He has published more than seventy books, essays and dictionaries. He has been a TV presenter, a radio announcer, a seaman. He has traveled all over the world, across the five continents, studying their cultures, customs, languages and dedicating his entire career to compiling dictionaries, glossaries and vocabularies of a large number of subjects, including zoology and botany. 

## Work  
Among his more than seventy published books, the following can be highlighted:

* Diccionario de voces de la masonería - autor: José Luis de Pando Villarroya, Madrid : Pando Ediciones, 1996.

* Pedro de Castejón, marino - autor: José Luis de Pando Villarroya, Madrid Pando Ediciones 1983.

* Colón y su cronología - autor: José Luis de Pando Villarroya,, Madrid : Pando, 1987, ©1986.

* Pieter van der Does, marino - autor: José Luis de Pando Villarroya, Madrid Pando 1984.

* Colón, marino : drama histórico en tres actos - autor: José Luis de Pando Villarroya, Madrid : Pando Ediciones, 1987.

* Maimonides - autor: José Luís de Pando Villarroya, Madrid : Pando Ediciónes, 1982.

* Colón y el viaje primero - autor: Christopher Columbus, Madrid : Pando Ediciones, 1987, ©1986.

* Colón y el viaje tercero autor: Christopher Columbus, Madrid : Pando Ediciones, 1986.

* La Intendencia de la Armada - autor: José Luis de Pando Villarroya, Madrid : Pando Ediciones, 1982

* Colón y Fernández de Navarrete - autor: José Luis de Pando Villarroya, Madrid : Pando Eds., 1986

## Related pages 
* Christopher Columbus

## References 
## Other websites 
* José Luis de Pando
Fathi Arafat

**Fathi Arafat** (; 11 January 1933 – 1 December 2004) was the founder and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Palestinian Red Crescent. He studied medicine at Cairo University. He is the brother of Yasser Arafat, leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization.

## References
Coptic Encyclopedia

The ***Coptic Encyclopedia*** is an encyclopedia work of history, theology, language, art, architecture, archeology and hagiography of Coptic Egypt.

## References
Tom Blyth

**Tom Keir Blyth** (born 2 February 1995) is an English actor. He is known for his role as a young Coriolanus Snow in *The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds & Snakes* (2023). He also plays the main role in the MGM+ series *Billy the Kid* (2022–).

## References
## Other websites
*
Wetherspoons

**J D Wetherspoon plc** (branded variously as **Wetherspoon** or **Wetherspoons**, and colloquially known as **Spoons**) is a pub company in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The company was founded in 1629 by Jack Daniels and was originally designed as what is now known as an umbrella , the patent was for a metal instrument which unfortunately resulted in 17 deaths from electrocution in lightning storms . The letters J D went on to create the world famous Jack Daniels whiskey as we know it today, weatherspoons that is now known is based in Watford. It operates the sub-brand of Lloyds No.1 bars, and 56 Wetherspoon hotels. Wetherspoon is known for converting unconventional buildings, such as former cinemas and banks, into pubs. The company is publicly listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

It started non-smoking areas in its pubs before the law made smoking in pubs illegal.

## References
Kurixalus appendiculatus

The **Phillipine flying frog**, **southeast Asian tree frog**, **brown-eyed tree frog**, **frilled tree frog**, **rough frill-armed tree frog**, or **rough-armed tree frog** (*Kurixalus appendiculatus*) is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, and Vietnam. People have seen it between 0 and 500 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests that have never been cut down and forests that have been cut down and are growing back. This frog lives near streams with slow water and in swamps. People have seen them on woody plants. The tadpoles swim in puddles and small pools where the water does not move.

These frogs fight each other over good places to look for food. It only eats a few kinds of food, mostly animals without spines.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. However, human beings cut down the forests where it lives to build farms for palm oil.

## References
Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades

The **al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades** is the militant group for the Popular Resistance Committees, which is a group of Palestinian militant groups that are in the Gaza Strip. 

The group fought in the Gaza War from December of 2008 to January of 2009. It also fought in the 2014 Gaza War on the side of Hamas. 

## References
Member of the Knesset

**A member of the Knesset** (abbreviated as : **MK**) is one of the 120 representatives serving in the Knesset, after being elected to this position by the citizens of the State of Israel in democratic elections. As part of their membership in the Knesset, Knesset members also serve as members of Knesset committees, and can also serve as ministers or deputy ministers in the government . The prime minister and his deputy must also serve as members of the Knesset.
, where the 120 members of the Knesset, who are elected in every national election, hold office]]

## The Knesset elections 
In Knesset elections, any Israeli citizen who has turned 18 may vote. Any citizen who has reached the age of 21 may be a candidate for the Knesset, with the exception of civil servants, judges and military personnel, as well as other officials. The law requires a cooling-off period of three years from certain high-ranking officials (such as IDF officers of the rank of colonel and above)

## Other websites 
* Video broadcasts of Knesset members, on the Knesset Channel website
* The law on the immunity of members of the Knesset, their rights and duties, on the Knesset website
* The list of Knesset members present in the Mishkan at this moment, on the Knesset website
* Knesset Members' Salary Resolution (Grants and Payments), 2001-2001
Takeiwatatsu-no-Mikoto

is a Japanese god (kami). He is worshipped at Aso Shrine in . He is the son of Kamuyaimimi and the grandson of Emperor Jimmu, the first emperor of Japan. He is the main god (Oyagami) of the .

## Mythological background 
Aso Shrine is dedicated to Takeiwatatsu-no-Mikoto (健磐龍命). Legends say he was the nephew of Emperor Suizei, the second emperor. While Jimmu was building his palace in Yamato, Takeiwatatsu was sent to Aso. There he helped start farming villages and later built a palace in Miyagi.

### Creation of Aso 
Long ago, the Aso caldera was a big lake. Takeiwatatsu kicked open the west side of the  at Tateno, and the water flowed out. Because he fell down from the effort, the name “Tateno” means “cannot stand up.” After the water drained, a giant catfish appeared. Stories say the catfish later became linked to Kashima-jingū.

## Related pages
* List of Shinto shrines
* Isotakeru-no-kami
## Notes
## References
* Iwao, Seiichi, Teizō Iyanaga, Susumu Ishii and Shôichirô Yoshida. (2002). *Dictionnaire historique du Japon.* Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. ; OCLC 51096469
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). *The Imperial House of Japan.* Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). *Studies in Shinto and Shrines.* Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 213796577

## Other websites
*  Aso shrine
*  Aso city home page
*  Aso shrine, images
* Kyushu Tourist: Aso Shinre, images
* Kumamoto University: University Library, Aso manuscript collection
* Hi-taki no shinji
* Hi-taki no shinji

'''
Popular Resistance Committees

The **Popular Resistance Committees** (Arabic: لِجَانُ الْمُقَاوَمَةِ الشَّعْبِيَّةِ) is a group of Palestinian militant groups which are against the Palestinian Authority and Fatah because of its willingness to work with Israel.

The group is now most active in the Gaza Strip, due to its military group, the Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades present there. The group was created in 2000 by former Fatah member Jamal Abu Samhadana, and the group's members are mainly former members of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and is allegedly supported by Hezbollah. The current leader of the group is Ayman al-Shashniya.

## References
Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters

**Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters** (shortly **ALLFED**) is a nonprofit organization in the USA. It focus on finding solutions how to give food to people in case of big agricultural failure. This type of failure could happen because of a big volcanic eruption, a blackout caused by geomagnetic storms, cyber war or nuclear war. 

## Creation 
David Denkenberger and Joshua Pearce wrote a book called *Feeding Everyone No Matter What* in 2014. The book discusses different technologies to provide food for all humans in case of failure of agriculture.

## Work 
To solve this problem the researchers at ALLFED search for resilient foods, which could create enough food for everyone even after global catastrophes. Examples here are resilient plants (like fungi, potatoes or beets) or alternative sources of food (like seaweed, single-cell proteins or leaf protein concentrate).

## Related pages 
* Year without a Summer
* Nuclear winter
* Volcanic winter
* Impact winter

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Star Wars Jedi: Survivor

***Star Wars Jedi: Survivor*** is an action-adventure video game. It was published by Electronic Arts and was developed by Respawn Entertainment.

It was released on April 28, 2023 for the PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S. It was also announced that a version would be released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.

The game is set five years after the events of the last game. In the game, the player controls Cal Kestis, a Jedi Knight and the main character from the last game. Kestis is in hiding and trys to help take down the Galactic Empire.

It is the sequel to *Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order* which was released in 2019.

## Reception
The game was very well liked by game critics. Critics said that they liked the action, writing, and visuals. However, critics didn't like that the combat or the framerate issues on the PC version.

In May 2023, the game became the most downloaded game on the PlayStation Store in Canada, the United States and Europe.

The game also won awards and was nominated for many others, it won a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Video Games and Other Interactive Media.

It was also nominated for Best Performance (Cameron Monaghan as Cal Kestis)	and Best Action/Adventure Game at the 2023 The Game Awards, as well as Ultimate Game of the Year, Best Lead Performer (Monaghan), Best Storytelling, and PlayStation Game of the Year.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tocsin

A **tocsin** is an alarm signal,  given with a church bell. Usually this signal is given to tell people to assemble to face an imminent danger or threat. 

**Tocsin** can also be,

## Cold War
*TOCSIN, the codeword for any reading on the Bomb Power Indicator after a nuclear strike on the United Kingdom during the Cold War
*Tocsin Bang, the codeword for any reading on the AWDREY instrument after a *nuclear bomb* strike on the United Kingdom during the Cold War
*Exercise Tocsin, a name for the nuclear attack simulation performed by the Government of Canada
*TOCSIN, a group of university students (at Harvard) against nuclear weapons, led by Todd Gitlin

## Place
*Tocsin, Indiana, a small town in Indiana in the United States

## Music
*the fourth and final movement of the Symphony No. 11 (1957) by Dmitri Shostakovich
**Tocsin* (album), a 1984 album by goth rock band Xmal Deutschland
**Tocsin* (Year of No Light album), a 2013 album by French shoegaze band Year of No Light

## Newspapers
**The Tocsin*, an early Australian socialist newspaper
**Tocsin* (newspaper), a newspaper from Red Bluff, California; see California Digital Newspaper Collection
**Marin County Tocsin*, a newspaper from Marin County, California; see California Digital Newspaper Collection
**Tehama Tocsin*, an early name of the *Chico Enterprise-Record* newspaper in Tehama, California
**Tocsin News*, or *The Enterprise-Tocsin*, a newspaper in Mississippi
** The Tocsin of Liberty*, an anti-slavery newspaper from the US Liberty Party

## Other
*"The Tocsin", a poem by John Pierpont
The Silence in Black and White Acoustic

***The Silence in Black and White Acoustic*** is the sixth studio album by Hawthorne Heights. The album was released on April 15, 2014. It is a new version of their first studio album The Silence in Black and White with everything changed to acoustic.

## Track listing
## References
Star Wars (1983 video game)

***Star Wars*** is a rail shooter video game. It was both published and developed by Atari, Inc. Sega, S.A. SONIC did the publishing in Spain, with publishing of the ports being done by Parker Brothers, Domark, and Broderbund.

It was released in arcades on May 5, 1983 in North America, May 1983 in Japan, September 1983 in the United Kingdom, and sometime in 1983 in Spain. This was during a time in the gaming industry known as the golden age of arcade video games. Outside of arcades, *Star Wars* would also be released for many consoles including the Atari 2600, Atari 5200, and ColecoVision. It would also be released for the Atari 8-bit, Amiga, Atari ST, Amstrad CPC, Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, ZX Spectrum, MS-DOS, and Macintosh computers. 

In the game, the player controls Luke Skywalker. The player pilots a x-wing fighter and shoots down enemy TIE fighters. The end goal is to get to the Death Star and blow up.

## Reception
When the game was released, it was very well liked by game critics and was very popular. Critics said they liked the animations, 3D graphics, sound, and gameplay.

It has often been placed on Top Games lists.

The game was also very popular. When it was released, it sold 12,695 arcade cabinets and was the best selling arcade released in 1983 for Atari.

## References
A Woman's Touch (song)

"'''A Woman's Touch'*" is a 1996 song by Toby Keith and is the second single from his third studio album *Blue Moon''. It went to number 6 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and number 10 on the RPM Country Singles chart.

## Notes
Beretta 93R

The **Beretta 93R** is an Italian 9mm caliber pistol manufactured by Beretta. 

## Description 
It allows firing both in semi-automatic mode (one shot each time the trigger is pulled) and three-shot bursts (three shots each time the trigger is pulled). This pistol is based on the Beretta 92 semi-automatic. It was designed in the 1970s for police and military use.

This pistol has a folding foregrip (to stabilize it when shooting in bursts), a muzzle brake, and can optionally be used with a stock. It uses 20-round magazines. Its rate of fire in three-shot burst mode is 1,100 rounds per minute.

## References
Flag of Coahuila

The **State Flag of Coahuila** has a white background with the state arm of coat.

## Historical flags

File:Flag of Coahuila y Tejas.svg| Flag of Coahuila and Texas (1835-1840) 
File:Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg| Flag of Rio Grande Republic (1840) 

## Related pages
* List of Mexican flags
Out of the Silent Planet (song)

"**Out of the Silent Planet**" is a 2000 song by English heavy metal band Iron Maiden and is the second single from their 12th studio album *Brave New World*. The song was heavily influenced by the 1956 movie *Forbidden Planet*, in addition it was named after the 1938 book of the same name by C. S. Lewis.

## Track listing
### CD versions
# "Out of the Silent Planet" (Edited Version) (Janick Gers, Steve Harris, Bruce Dickinson) – 4:10
# "Wasted Years" (live - Filaforum, Milano, Italy, 23 September 1999) (Adrian Smith) – 5:07
# "Aces High" (live - Plaza Del Toros, Madrid, Spain, 26 September 1999) (Harris) – 5:24
# "Out of the Silent Planet" (video) (Gers, Harris, Dickinson) – 4:10

### 12" Picture Disc
# A1 - "Out of the Silent Planet" (Edited Version) (Gers, Harris, Dickinson) – 4:10
# B1 - "Wasted Years" (live - Filaforum, Milano, Italy, 23 September 1999) (Smith) – 5:07
# B2 - "Aces High" (live - Plaza Del Toros, Madrid, Spain, 26 September 1999) (Harris) – 5:24

### 7" Red Vinyl
# A - "Out of the Silent Planet" (Edited Version) (Gers, Harris, Dickinson)
# B - "Aces High" (live) (Harris)

## References
Szwadron

***Szwadron*** is a 1993 Polish historical movie directed by Juliusz Machulski and starring Aleksander Bednarz, Grzegorz Damiecki, Bernard-Pierre Donnadieu, Janusz Gajos, Wojciech Klata, Maciej Kozłowski.

## Other websites
*
Louis Gallois

**Louis Gallois** (born 26 January 1944) is the chairman and former CEO of Airbus.
He graduated from HEC Paris and ENA. He was also CEO of Aérospatiale and SNCF.

## References
Saloma

**Saloma** (January 22, 1935 &ndash; April 25, 1983) was a famous singer and actress from Malaysia. She was married to P. Ramlee, who was also a famous actor, director, and musician in Malaysia. Saloma was known for her beautiful voice and her performances in both traditional Malay music and popular songs. She often appeared in movies alongside her husband P. Ramlee, and together they were a beloved couple in Malaysian entertainment. In 1978, the Malaysian government honored her with the Kecapi Awards as the National Songbird.

Saloma died on April 25, 1983 from liver failure caused by jaundice, at the age of 48.

## References
Elisha

Elisha also known as Al-Yasa is one of the prophets of Islam. The Quran clearly mentions him with Zulkifl and Ismael.

## References
Tour Championship (snooker)

The **Tour Championship** is a snooker tournament. It was first held in 2019. The event has the highest players on the "one-year ranking list". It is the third and final tournament in the Players Series, following the World Grand Prix and the Players Championship. The event features a prize fund of £380,000, with the winner receiving £150,000. The tournament is shown by ITV Sport and Eurosport. The reigning champion is Mark Williams who defeated Ronnie O'Sullivan in the 2024 final.

## Winners
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Belonostomus

***Belonostomus*** is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish in the order Aspidorhynchiformes. Fossils have been found in marine areas, although some species are known from freshwater habitats.

Usually, it fed on plankton or other tiny fish, but one fossil was found devouring a *Homoeosaurus* as stomach contents.

## Description 
*Belonostomus*, like all aspidorhyncheans, has a pointy rostrum. However, it is thinner compared to other genera like the almost identical *Aspidorhynchus*. It possesses a long body.

## Gallery 
*]]
*]]

## References 
# Bryant, Laurie J. (1987). "*Belonostomus* (Teleostei: Aspidorhynchidae) from the Late Paleocene of North Dakota" (PDF). *PaleoBios*. Museum of Paleontology, University of California Berkeley.
Body inflation

**Body inflation** is the act of expanding or pretending to expand a part of one's body, sometimes for sexual gratification. It could be done by inserting balloons or balls inside a tight clothing, like latex clothing, and then expand them. Some people have made suits to make them bigger overall. Sometimes the body is actually expanded by enema or drinking a lot of liquid. The concept of body inflation is mostly connected with the feeling of being bound to one place.

Some people in this community are generally erotic and sexual role-play is quite common in person or online. The fact of having their fantasy stories ending in popping or an explosion sometime causes argument between the community.

Its first fetish community organized online in 1994, in the form of an e-mail list; as the popularity of online communication grew, so did the online community.

## References
2014 Gaza War

The **2014 Gaza War** was a war started by Israel on 8 July 2014, after Hamas kidnapped and killed 3 Israeli civilians. It took place in the Gaza Strip, a Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. Israel sent its military into the West Bank, arresting more than 600, injuring 150, and killing 10 Palestinians. Hamas then resumed firing Qassam rockets into Israel from the Gaza Strip, which led to a seven week long battle between Palestinian militant groups and Israel. The war led to the deaths of 2,000 people, which were overwhelmingly Gazans. 

## Notes 
## References
Players Championship (snooker)

The **Players Championship** is a snooker tournament. It was the **Players Tour Championship Finals** from 2011 to 2016. From 2017 it was just the Players Champonship. It is one of three events in the Players Series. It has the top 16 players from the one-year list.

## Winners 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Masters (snooker)

**The Masters** is a snooker tournament. It has been held every year since 1975. It is the second-oldest professional snooker tournament after the World Championship. With the UK Championship and the World Championship, it is part of the Triple Crown (snooker). Although not a ranking event, it is regarded as one of the biggest events on the World Snooker Tour.

*

## Winners 
## Finalists
* Active players are shown in **bold**

## References
List of Toki Pona words

This is a **list of words in Toki Pona**, a constructed language with very few words, by Sonja Lang. The language uses a small number of words so people need to combine words together to say more complex things. 

The words can act as nouns or verbs or any other part of speech. Speakers figure things out from context.

In Toki Pona there are 120 main words called '''' from Sonja Lang's first book. Words from Sonja Lang's book *Toki Pona Dictionary* are called ''*. 

## History 
Sonja Lang first put an early form of Toki Pona on the Internet in 2001. It had 118 words at the start. Between 2001 and 2014, she added more words and changed and took out others. In 2014, Lang put out a book called *Toki Pona: The Language of Good*. It says it presents a completed form of the language. The book has 120 words and 3 synonym words. Words in this book are called .

###  
This list has added words that were listed as "important" in *Toki Pona Dictionary''.

### Other words 
Words not listed above are old or not common. For lists of less common words, see  on Wiktionary.

## Notes
## Related pages 
* Toki Pona
* Sitelen Pona
* Sitelen Sitelen

## References
## Other websites
*  on Wiktionary
*  on Wikidata
Erich von Manstein

**Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Manstein** (born **Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Lewinski**; 24 November 1887 – 9 June 1973) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) in the Heer (Army) of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was later placed in prison for 18 years because he committed war crimes.

## References 
## Sources 
* 

## Further reading
### Official records
* The British records of the Manstein trial are now housed in the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London.
* Manstein's testimony at Nuremberg is contained in three files at the Yale University Avalon Project: 9 August 1946, 10 August 1946, and 12 August 1946.

## Other websites 
* 
* "How Wrong Was Churchill?" by Noel Annan, *The New York Review of Books*
* 
*
Patrick Bergin

**Patrick Connolly Bergin** (4 February 1951) is an Irish actor and singer perhaps best known for his leading role opposite Julia Roberts in *Sleeping with the Enemy* (1991), the  title character in *Robin Hood*, terrorist Kevin O'Donnell in *Patriot Games* and for playing the villainous Aidan Maguire in the BBC soap *EastEnders* in 2017–2018.

## References
## Other websites
*
Goliath (Six Flags Great America)

'' ' Goliath ''' is a roller coaster at Six Flags Great America. It is the fastest wooden roller coaster in the world and has the biggest and steepest drop. It also goes upside-down twice. It opened in 2014 and was built by Rocky Mountain Construction.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* Iron Rattler  at Rocky Mountain Construction
Luka Dončić

**Luka Dončić** (; born February 28, 1999) is a Slovenian professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has also played for the Dallas Mavericks. He also plays for the Slovenia national team.

On February 2, 2025, the Mavericks traded Dončić along with Maxi Kleber and Markieff Morris to the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for Max Christie, Anthony Davis and a 2029 first-round pick. Jalen Hood-Schifino and a 2025 second-round pick were also traded to the Utah Jazz. The Jazz also received a 2025 second-round pick from the Mavericks. Dončić did not expect the trade and it is considered to be one of the most unexpected trades in NBA history.

Dončić can speak four languages: Slovenian, Serbian, English, and Spanish. He learned Spanish after joining Real Madrid.

## References
Wicked Cyclone

**Wicked Cyclone** is a roller coaster at Six Flags New England. It opened in 2015 and was built by Rocky Mountain Construction. It was built using old parts of the Cyclone roller coaster that had been in it's place before.
Sam Merrill

**Samuel Hoskins Merrill** (born May 15, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed “Sammy Buckets” or "Money Merrill", he was drafted with the last pick of the 2020 NBA draft. He played college basketball at Utah State University (USU).
Orixalus jinxiuensis

The **Jinxiu bubble-nest frog** or **Jinxiu  small tree frog** (*Orixalus jinxiuensis*) is a frog.  It lives in Vietnam and in China in Yunnan Province, Guanxi Province, and Guangdong Province. People have seen it 1080 meters above sea level in China and between 1850 and 2050 meters above sea level in Vietnam.

This frog is  24 – 32.0 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is brown in color.

This frog lives in forests where the trees grow close together and on smaller woody plants near the edges of forests. The frogs lay eggs in pools in July and August. The tadpoles swim in the pools.

Human beings cut down the forests where the frog lives. Chemicals meant to kill pests, chemicals that make farm plants grow, and pollution can kill this frog.

## References
Orixalus

***Orixalus*** is a group of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae. They live in Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and two provinces in China: Yunnan and Guangxi. Scientists say this frog is sister group to *Gracixalus*, that the frogs are like each other.

## Species
These species are in *Orixalus*:
* *Orixalus ananjevae* (Matsui and Orlov, 2004)
* *Orixalus carinensis* (Boulenger, 1893)
* *Orixalus jinxiuensis* (Hu, 1978)
* *Orixalus nonggangensis* (Mo, Zhang, Luo, Zhou, and Chen, 2013) 
* *Orixalus waza* (Mo, Zhang, Luo, Zhou, and Chen, 2013) 

## References
Bernard Ashley (author)

**Bernard John Ashley** (born April 1935) is a British writer of books for children and teenagers. His first book, *The Trouble with Donovan Croft*, which was published in 1974, won "The Other Award", an alternative to the Carnegie Medal.
* *Dave* (1971)
* *The Trouble with Donovan Croft* (1974) –  or 
* *Terry on the Fence* (1975)
* *All My Men* (1977)
* *A Kind of Wild Justice* (1978) – 
* *Break in the Sun* (1980)
* ''Dinner Ladies Don't Count* (1981) – 
* *I'm Trying to Tell You* (1981) – 
* *Dodgem* (1981)
* *Linda's Lie* (1982)
* *High Pavement Blues* (1983)
* *Your Guess Is As Good As Mine* (1983) – 
* *A Bit of Give and Take* (1984)
* *Janey* (1985)
* *Running Scared* (1986)
* *Clipper Street: Calling for Sam* (1987)
* *Clipper Street: Taller Than Before* (1987)
* *Bad Blood* (1988)
* *Clipper Street: Down-and-Out* (1988)
* *Clipper Street: The Royal Visit* (1988)
* *Clipper Street: All I Ever Ask* (1989)
* *Clipper Street: Sally Cinderella* (1989)
* *The Secret of Theodore Brown* (1989)
* *The Caretaker's Cat* (1990)
* *Country Boy* (1990)
* *Chrysalis* (1990)
* *Getting In* (1990)
* *The Ghost of Dockside School* (1990)
* *Seeing Off Uncle Jack* (1991)
* *Dockside School Stories* (1992)
* *More Dockside School Stories* (1992)
* *Three Seven Eleven* (1993)
* *Johnnie's Blitz* (1995) – 
* *Justin and the Demon Drop-Kick* (1997) – 
* *Roller Madonnas* (1997)
* *A Present for Peter* (1997)
* *Flash* (1997)
* *City Limits: Stitch-Up* (1997)
* *City Limits: The Scam* (1997)
* *City Limits: Framed* (1997)
* *City Limits: Mean Street* (1997)
* *Tiger Without Teeth* (1998) – 
* *Hannibal Route* (1999)
* *Justin and the Big Fight* (1999) – 
* *Rapid* (1999)
* *Little Soldier* (1999) –  ( US & Canada)
* *Respect* (2000) – 
* *Playing Against the Odds* (2000) – 
* *Justin Strikes Again* (2001) – 
:: also published as *Justin and the Grandad War* (2009) – 
* *Revenge House* (2002) – 
* *Freedom Flight* (2003) – 
* *Close Look, Quick Look* (2004)
* *Torrent!* (2004) – 
* *Ben Maddox: Ten Days to Zero* (2005) – 
* *Ben Maddox: Down to the Wire* (2006) – 
* *Smokescreen* (2006) – 
* *Ben Maddox: Flashpoint* (2007) – 
* *Angel Boy* (2008) – 
* *Solitaire* (2008) – 
* *No Way to Go* (2009) – 
* *Ronnie's War* (2010)
* *Aftershock* (2011)
* *Dive Bombing* (2012)
* *Hero Girls' (2012)
* *Jack and the German Spy* (2013)
* *Shadow of the Zeppelin* (Orchard Books, 2014)
* *Nadine Dreams of Home* (2014)
* *Dead End Kids* (2015)
* *The Way It Is* (2015)

### Picture books
* *Cleversticks* (1992) – 
* *A Present for Paul* (1996) – 
* *King Rat* (1998)-
* *Growing Good* (1999) – 
* *Who Loves You, Billy?* (2000)
* *Double the Love* –  (hardback) or 
* *The Bush* (2003) – 

## Notes
## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Bert (Sesame Street)

**Bert** is a golden yellow Muppet created by Jim Henson. He was on the TV show *Sesame Street*. He's Ernie's roommate. 

## Character
Even though Bert is a grumpy, he is still sometimes happy. He's yellow with a single eyebrow called a unibrow, and had a vertical striped shirt (compared to Ernie's which is horizontal). He looks like a banana.

## History
Bert first appeared in the test episodes of Sesame Street in 1969, with his uni brow never moving, and a little more tame. Then later in the years starting in Season 3 of Sesame Street, Bert can move his uni brow up and down. Starting in 1997, he was funnier and nicer but still grumpy. Bert has known to be changed nine times.

## Ernie
Ernie is Bert's brother and roommate. And is the more clumsy and funny guy. He was first seen the same day Bert first was seen. He was voiced by Jim Henson until his death in 1990.

## Related pages
*Bert and Ernie

## References
Astrochemistry

start.]]

**Astrochemistry** is the study of how atoms react with each other outside our planet. They make the molecules in planets, stars, and other stellar things. 

It is a combination of astronomy, astrophysics, and chemistry. Astrochemistry is sometimes combined with nuclear physics when dealing with the nuclear reactions that happen within stars. Astrochemistry is different from cosmochemistry as astrochemistry talks about things outside our Solar System, while cosmochemistry talks about things within the Solar system.

## Discoveries 
In October 2011, scientists from Hong Kong reported that unexpectedly complex organic compounds exist in the universe.

In August 2012, astronomers at Copenhagen University discovered sugar molecules in the gas surrounding a star about 400 light-years away. Although this does not prove that there is other life in space, it does show there could be.

## References
List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects

This is a list of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) first observed since 1993 and grouped by the year of in which they received a temporary name or a permanent one.

## Statistics 
## List 
### 1993 
### 1994 
### 1995 
### 1996 
### 1997 
### 1998 
### 1999–2007 
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 1999
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2000
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2001
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2002
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2003
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2004
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2005
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2006
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2007

### 2008 
### 2009–2018 
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2009
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2010
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2011
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2012
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2013
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2014
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2015
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2016
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2017
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2018

### 2019 
### 2020 
* List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects: 2020
### 2021 
### 2022 
### 2023 
## Ignored objects 
The Minor Planet Center does not include the following 111 objects with a semi-major axis larger than that of Neptune in its respective lists *(see )*. The data is sourced from the *List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects* at Johnston's Archive.

## Related pages 
* List of unnumbered minor planets
* List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?, *Michael Brown*, Caltech
* OSSOS TNODB by the *Outer Solar System Origins Survey*
* Known extreme outer solar system objects, Scott Sheppard, *Carnegie Science Center*
Subsoil

**Subsoil** is a kind of soil that can be found under the initial layer of soil. It is mainly composed of sand, silt, and clay. It is a critical component in tree anchorage, and because of water-logging it can help vegetation survive drought and such. It is important in respect to the foundation of structures and buildings.

## Subsoil locations 
Subsoil can be found in, but is not limited to:

* United States
* United Kingdom
* India
* Brazil
* Oceans

## References
R77

**R77** can be

* R-77, a Russian air-to-air (rocket or) missile
* R-77 Gablingen, a former military airfield in Germany
* , an aircraft carrier laid down for the Royal Navy
* Small nucleolar RNA Z102/R77, a kind of *small RNA* molecules, which is a kind of RNA
17 (XXXTentacion album)

***17*** is the first studio album by American rapper, XXXTentacion. *17* was released on August 25, 2017.

While in prison, X announced the albums *17*, *I Need Jesus*, and *Members Only, Vol. 3*. X would announce that the release of *17* would come after the release of his group, Members Only's mixtape *Members Only, Vol. 3*. X said that the album was a 'gateway' into his mind and made songs with themes of suicide and depression.

X would cause some controversy when he posted a video of himself to Instagram appearing to hang himself from a tree. He would later apologize and say that the "hanging" was a scene for a music video.

The album debuted at #2 on the *Billboard* 200 and selling album-equivalent units. After X's murder, the album would re-enter the *Billboard* 200 at #7 and sold 55,000 album-equivalent units. *17* would be three times Platinum.

The album featured the singles "Revenge", "Jocelyn Flores", and "Fuck Love".

## Songs
## References
Dave Quackenbush

**Dave Quackenbush** is an American singer, lead vocalist, and member of the Californian band The Vandals. He joined the band in 1985 after Stevo's departure. 

## Music career 
While in high school started the Falling Idols band along with Randy Bradbury of Pennywise and Trey Pangborn currently with Sublime. In 1985 joined The Vandals as lead vocalist taking over for Steve “Stevo” Ronald Jenson.  Original guitarist for the band Long Beach All Day, and Ken all night Rocker and the Cross-Eyed Rock Collectors.

## Personal life 
Quackenbush married Jessica Quackenbush on July 21, 2009, on Catalina Island. The couple have two daughters and live in Long Beach, California.

## Discography 
### Albums 
* *Slippery When Ill (*1989)
* *Fear of a Punk Planet* (1990)
* *Live Fast (*1995)
* *The Quickening* (1996)
* *Oi to the World!*
* 1998 - *Hitler Bad, Vandals Good*
* 2000 - *Look What I Almost Stepped in...*
* *Internet Dating Superstuds* (2002)
* *Hollywood Potato Chip (*2004)

### Actor 
*Dudes 1987
*That Darn Punk 2001
*Fear of a Punk Planet 2002
* Comedy Bang Bang 2014

### Sound track 
* That Darn Punk 2001
* The X-Files 1995
* Glory Daze 1996
* Phantom of the Mall: Erics Revenge 1989

## Sources 
## Other sources 
* ''*, on *IMDb*, IMDb.com
* *Dave Quackenbush*, on *MusicBrainz*, MetaBrainz Foundation
* *Dave Quackenbush*, on *AllMusic'', All Media Network
? (XXXTentacion album)

***?*** is the second studio album by American rapper, XXXTentacion. *?* was released on March 16, 2018. It was the last album that he released before his murder.

On December 23, 2017, while on house arrest, X announced the album along with *Bad Vibes Forever* and *Skins*. 

On *?*, X explores many different genres from emo rap to alternative rock. He has features from notable artists like drummer Travis Barker from Blink-182 and rappers Joey Bada$$ and PnB Rock. A Deluxe Anniversary Edition of the album was also released and featured "Nocturne", a tribute song by video game composer Yoko Shimomura. Shimomura said that she made the song because X was a big fan of the *Kingdom Hearts* video game series and her music.

The album debuted at #1 on the *Billboard* 200 and selling 131,000 album-equivalent units. The album became X's only album to reach #1 during his lifetime. *?* has become 5× Platinum since it's release.

The album featured the singles "Sad!", "Changes", and "Moonlight".

## Songs
## References
La Loche shootings

The **La Loche shootings** was a shooting in the village of La Loche, Saskatchewan, Canada. Four people were killed in the shooting. Seven people were injured. The shooting happened on January 22, 2016. Justin Trudeau talked to relatives involved in the shooting and visited the school where the shooting happened.  On May 8, 2018, Rendon Fontaine was sentenced to life in prison, with the possibility of parole after 10 years. He was 17 years old when the shooting happened. He was a student at the school.

## References
Skins (album)

***Skins*** (spelled in all caps) is the third studio album by American rapper, XXXTentacion. *Skins* was released  on December 7, 2018. It was the first studio album that was released after his murder.

On December 23, 2017, while on house arrest, X announced the album along with *Bad Vibes Forever* and *?*. 

On *Skins*, X explores many different genres from emo rap and nu metal to screamo and trap. He raps and sings about topics like heartbreak and depression. He has features from notable artists like drummer Travis Barker from Blink-182 and rapper Kanye West.

The album debuted at #1 on the *Billboard* 200 and selling 132,000 album-equivalent units. The album became X's second album to reach #1. *Skins* has become Gold since it's release.

The album featured the single "Bad!".

## Songs
## References
Tom Henry

**Thomas Christopher Henry** (November 8, 1951 – March 28, 2024) was an American businessman and politician. He was the 35th Mayor of Fort Wayne, Indiana from 2008 until his death in 2024. He the city's longest-serving mayor. Henry was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Fort Wayne.

In 1975, Henry married Cindy Kocks. They had two children. Kocks died of cancer in January 2024.

In late February 2024, Henry announced that he had been diagnosed with terminal stomach cancer. He died a month later on March 28 under hospice care in Fort Wayne, at the age of 72.

## References
## Other websites
* Mayor signs "light pollution" revision
2024 Taiwan earthquake

On 3 April 2024, at 07:58:11 NST (23:58 UTC), a  7.4 earthquake happened  south-southwest of Hualien City, Hualien County, Taiwan, ROC. It was the largest earthquake in Taiwan since the 1999 Jiji earthquake, and there have been many aftershocks above magnitude 5.0. 18 people died, 1,147 were injured, 442 stranded or trapped and 2 were missing.

## Tsunami 
The Chinese Ministry of Natural Resources issued a high-level warning about a tsunami. The Japan Meteorological Agency issued a tsunami warning for Okinawa Prefecture, which was later downgraded to a lower level. This was the first warning in Okinawa Prefecture since the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Flights in Okinawa and Kagoshima were suspended, and Naha Airport was evacuated.

## Impact 
18 people died, 1,147 were injured, 442 stranded or trapped and 2 were missing.

## References
1969 People's Park protest

The '''1969 People's Park protest**, also known as **Bloody Thursday''', took place at People's Park on May 15, 1969.

The Berkeley Police Department and other officers fought with protestors over the site of the park, using deadly force. Ronald Reagan, then-governor of California, eventually sent in the state National Guard to stop the protests.

One person was killed while he was visiting friends in Berkeley and watching the protests from the roof of Granma Books when he was shot by police.

## References
Reparation (legal)

**Reparation** in jurisprudence is when some form of payment is given back to a victim of a crime. Usually the payment is monetary. Other forms of payment could include a public apology or a tribute honoring the victim.

## References
Broadleaf

**Broadleaf** may refer to:

* Broad-leaved tree
**Broadleaf forest
* In agronomy, a term described in contrast to Poaceae. That is to say that broadleaf plants are not grasses:
** Broadleaf weed
** Broadleaf crop
* A member of Magnoliopsida, informal term

## Related pages
* Eucalyptus dives, also known as the broad-leaf peppermint