open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cockroach

The **cockroach** is an insect of the suborder Blattaria of the order Blattodea. There are 4,000 species. About 30 species invade human homes. This is less than 1% of all the cockroach species. Four species are pests. 

## Evolutionary history and relationships 
The families of Mantodea, Isoptera, and Blattaria are usually combined by entomologists into a larger group called Dictyoptera. Current evidence strongly suggests that termites have evolved directly from true cockroaches, and many authors now consider termites to be in the family of cockroaches.

Historically, the name Blattaria has been used largely interchangeably with the name **Blattodea**. Blattodea refers to a larger group that includes fossil groups related to roaches, but not true cockroaches themselves. These earliest cockroach-like fossils ("Blattopterans" or "roachids") are from the Carboniferous period between 354–295 million years ago. However, these fossils differ from modern cockroaches in having long ovipositors and are the ancestors of mantis as well as modern cockroaches. The first fossils of modern cockroaches with internal ovipositors appear in the Lower Cretaceous.
A proposed phylogeny of the families is shown in the diagram.

Cockroaches in the broader sense (Blattodea) have existed a very long time. The earliest cockroach fossils are 354–295 million years old. Science student, Cary Easterday, found a giant 300 million year old fossil cockroach  long, in a coal mine in Ohio.

## Other 
Most cockroaches are omnivores. They are tough, and hard to kill. A cockroach can live for two weeks without a head.

Cockroaches become adults in 3-4 months and can live up to one year. A female German cockroach can produce 8 egg cases in her lifetime and each egg case may contain 30-40 eggs.

Cockroaches are eaten as snacks and used for medicine in China.

## In popular culture
The 1996 MTV musical movie ''Joe's Apartment* had 5,000 singing cockroaches.  Some parts of the movie were made with clay roaches and some with real roaches.

In the 1996 computer game *Bad Mojo'', the main character is turned into a cockroach and must move through a building to get back to his human body.

## References
Anti-Armenian sentiment

**Anti-Armenianism** is hostility toward or prejudice against Armenian people, Armenian culture and the Republic of Armenia, which can range in expression from individual hatred to institutionalized persecution. Several organizations have stated that difficulties currently experienced by the Armenian minority in Turkey are a result of an anti-Armenian attitude by the Turkish government as well as by ultra-nationalist groups such as the Grey Wolves.

Modern anti-Armenianism often seems to lacks a racial and cultural basis and appears to be based more on geopolitics and history, in addition to diplomatic and strategic interests, involving the modern states of Turkey and Azerbaijan.  The controversy and emotions surrounding the Armenian Genocide and Nagorno-Karabakh are two examples of intense anti-Armenianism in both countries. Modern Anti-Armenianism is usually associated with either extreme opposition to the actions or existence of the Armenian Republic, and belief in an Armenian conspiracy.

## Anti-Armenianism by individuals 
For several months in 1994, Ahmet Coşar going by the alias of Serdar Argic posted thousands of messages, claiming that the Armenian Genocide did not happen or that Armenians massacred Turks, on Usenet newsgroup threads mentioning the word Turkey. Samuel Weems published the book "Armenia: The Secrets of a "Christian" Terrorist State" where he has made such claims as the "number one export of Armenia is terrorism" and that there was no Armenian Genocide.  American historian Justin McCarthy is known for his controversial support of Turkey's denial of the Armenian Genocide. Azeri cartoonist *Kerim Kerimov Mammadhan* has produced around 4500 Anti-Armenian cartoons, most of which depict crude caricatures of Armenians. His cartoons are often included with the phrase “Terrorism, narkomania, and armenism are the same disease”. His works also often mocks the Armenian Genocide and its recognition by foreign countries, especially countries in Europe. Murad Gumen is another individual who espouses anti-Armenian rhetoric in his website "Tall Armenian Tale". Barbaros Agri uses the social networking site Facebook to advocate anti-Armenianism by being the creator of "The Biggest Lie Ever Told: The Armenian Genocide". The cause has 5000 plus members.

## References 
## Related pages
* Denial of the Armenian Genocide
Istanbul pogrom

The **Istanbul Pogrom** was a pogrom directed primarily against the Istanbul's Greek minority on September 6 and 7, 1955. Jews and Armenians living in the city and their businesses were also targeted in the pogrom, which was, according to some circles, orchestrated by the Turkish government.

A Turkish mob, most of which was trucked into the city in advance, assaulted Istanbul’s Greek community for nine hours. Although the leaders of the pogrom did not explicitly call for Greeks to be killed, between 13 and 16 Greeks (including two Orthodox clerics) and at least one Armenian died during or after the pogrom as a result of beatings and arson.

Thirty-two Greeks were severely wounded. In addition, dozens of Greek women were raped, and a number of men were forcibly circumcised by the mob. 4,348 Greek-owned businesses, 110 hotels, 27 pharmacies, 23 schools, 21 factories, 73 churches and over a thousand Greek-owned homes were badly damaged or destroyed. the British diplomat estimates of 100 million GBP (about 200 million US$), the World Council of Churches’ estimate of 150 million USD, and the Greek government's estimate of 500 million US$.

## Related pages
*Armenian Genocide
*Assyrian Genocide
*Anti-Armenianism
*Pogrom

## References
* Robert Holland, *Britain and the Revolt in Cyprus, 1954–59*, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998, pp. 75–78.
* The Washington Post, “In Turkey, a Clash of Nationalism and History”, an article by Karl Vick referring to the events as a “pogrom”.
Gossip Girl

***Gossip Girl*** is an American television teen drama based on the popular novel series of the same title written by Cecily von Ziegesar. *Gossip Girl* revolves around the lives of a group of rich teenagers grown up on New York's Upper East Side as they attend private school while dealing with typical teenage adolescent issues such as sex and drugs.

The series begins with Serena van der Woodsen' returning from a half-year at boarding school in Cornwall. "Gossip Girl" is the name of an anonymous blogger, who knows everything in Upper East Side but nobody knows who she is. Gossip Girl is voiced by nourah

## Cast
*Serena van der Woodsen - Blake Lively
*Blair Waldorf - Leighton Meester 
*Nathaniel "Nate" Archibald - Chace Crawford
*Charles "Chuck" Bass - Ed Westwick
*Daniel "Dan" Humphrey - Penn Badgley
*Jennifer "Jenny" Humphrey - Taylor Momsen
*Eric van der Woodsen - Connor Paolo 
*Vanessa Abrams - Jessica Szohr
*Lily van der Woodsen - Kelly Rutherford
*Rufus Humphrey - Matthew Settle
*Eleanor Waldorf -  Margaret Colin
*Ivy Dickens - Kaylee DeFer 
*Georgina Sparks - Michelle Trachtenberg

## Characters
***Blair Waldorf** is the queen bee of Constance Billard High School. She seems to have everything: a rich family, a handsome boyfriend, and lots of friends. However, loneliness deep in her heart makes her a naughty and manipulative girl. 
***Serena van der Woodsen**, is Blair's best friend. The story starts with her coming back to Upper East Side after her sudden disappearance to boarding school. She used to be a party girl, but she tries to change.   
***Charles ”Chuck” Bass** is a rich boy. When his father (Bart Bass) dies, he gets his father's company, Bass Industries. But he doesn’t think he is ready yet, so he gives it to Bart's wife, Lily Wan Der Woodsen, who is Serena's mother. He bought a hotel, The Empire. Chuck and Blair have an complicated relationship with each other. They were dating for a long time until Chuck picked the Empire instead of her. 
***Nathaniel ”Nate” Archibald** is Chuck's best friend. He is described as a boy who has everything, but he tries to find his own identity between his powerful family and himself.
***Daniel ”Dan” Humphrey** is an outsider who lives in Brooklyn. He starts dating his first love, Serena van der Woodsen.
***Jenny Humphrey** 

## Other websites 
*
Backnang

**Backnang** is a town in Germany, in the Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg (formerly the kingdom of Württemberg),  northeast of Stuttgart. Its population has grown over the past century or so, from 7,650 (1900) to 35,761 (2005).

## Twin towns 
Backnang's twin towns include:
*  - Chelmsford 
*  - Annonay 
*  - Bácsalmás 

## References
## Other websites 
* http://www.backnang.de - Official homepage
* http://www.juzebacknang.com
* http://www.backnang24.de/murr-regatta
Lene Alexandra

**Lene Alexandra Øien** (born October 29, 1981 in Trøgstad, Norway) is a Norwegian singer and model for FHM magazine, as well as for Norwegian lad's mags Lek and Cats. She began her musical career in 2007 at age 25 when she released her first single entitled "My Boobs Are OK.

## Singles
Bad Dürrheim

**Bad Dürrheim** is a town in the district of Schwarzwald-Baar, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is  north of Donaueschingen, and  southeast of Villingen.

## References
## Other websites 
* Pictures Bad Dürrheim
Bad Friedrichshall

**Bad Friedrichshall** is a small townin the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It has about 18,000 inhabitants.

Bad Friedrichshall is at the confluence of the Neckar and the Kocher,  north of Heilbronn. 

Bad Friedrichshall is famous for its salt-mine.

## References
## Other websites
Bad Buchau

**Bad Buchau** is a small town in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. About 4,000 people live there. 

## Location 
It is near Lake Federsee, which is separated from the town by a wide reed belt.

## References
## Other websites
Blizzard Entertainment

**Blizzard Entertainment** is an American video game maker and publisher. The company headquarters is in Irvine, California. The company makes the *Diablo*, *Overwatch*, *StarCraft*, and *Warcraft* games. 

Since October 2005, they held major events known as "BlizzCon" to gather game-fans and game-developers together annually. 

## References
9-9-9

**9-9-9** or 999 (said nine-nine-nine) is the emergency telephone number for the emergency services in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

The police, fire & rescue, ambulance/paramedics, mountain rescuing, coast guard and cave rescuing, and services for deactivating and getting rid of bombs can be reached by calling 9-9-9.

999 is also the emergency medical number in Poland.

1-1-2 can also be used to call these services. 1-1-2 is the European Union-wide emergency number, and the number used by all GSM mobile telephones throughout the world.

Calling 911, North America's emergency number, will automatically redirect to 999.

## Related pages
* 1-1-2
* 000 Emergency
* 9-1-1
Bad Herrenalb

**Bad Herrenalb** is a small town in the district of Calw, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. 

Bad Herrenalb is in the northern Black Forest,  east of Baden-Baden, and  southwest of Pforzheim.

## References
## Other websites
Bad Krozingen

**Bad Krozingen** is a spa town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is  southwest of Freiburg.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* Bad Krozingen:History and images
Blue Man Group

**The Blue Man Group** is a performing arts group. It was formed in 1987 in New York City. The members paint themselves in blue, wear black clothes and wear caps that make their heads look bald. The band plays rock music and is very entertaining and humorous. Families of all ages can enjoy their performances. Also, they have appeared in several commercials.

## Albums 
* Audio (1999)
* The Complex (2003)
* Live at The Venetian – Las Vegas iTunes exclusive (2006)
* THREE (2016)
Shane McMahon

**Shane Brandon McMahon** (born January 15, 1970) is the son of the co-founder of WWE, Vince McMahon. Shane used to work for the company as the Executive Vice President of Global Media and sometimes competes as a wrestler. He is also the founder and executive chairman of Ideanomics.

## Filmography 
### Video games 
## Championships and accomplishments 
* ***The Baltimore Sun***
** WWE Non-Match Moment of the Year (2016) 
* ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
** Feud of the Year (2001) 
** Rookie of the Year (1999)
* ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
** Most Disgusting Promotional Tactic (2003) McMahon family all over WWE products
** Worst Feud of the Year (2003) 
** Worst Feud of the Year (2006) 
* **WWE/World Wrestling Entertainment/Federation**
** WWF European Championship (1 time) 
** WWF Hardcore Championship (1 time)
** WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with The Miz
** WWE World Cup (2018)

## References 
## Further reading 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* 
*
Plateau

in Venezuela is a plateau]]
A **plateau** is an area of raised land that is flat on top. 

The biggest and tallest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau. A plateau with a lot of erosion is called a disconnected plateau. A plateau that is also formed by  volcano is called a volcanic plateau. Some plateaus are under the ocean, like the Seychelles plateau or the Ontong Java Plateau. Plateaus are often by themselves with no other plateaus around, sometimes standing on top of mountains. Plateaus can be of three types: Tectonic Plateaus, Residual Plateaus and Volcanic Plateaus. 

The plural of 'plateau' is *plateaux*, or *plateaus*.
Broccoli

**Broccoli** is a plant from the species: *Brassica oleracea*. It is a vegetable similar to cauliflower and cabbage. Broccoli has green flower heads and a stalk. It comes from Italy and was introduced to England and the United States around 1800, and 1900, and has become a well-liked food around the world. **Purple cauliflower** (violet cauliflower) is also a type of broccoli grown in  North America and Europe. 

Broccoli is a good source of vitamins. Its carbohydrates are mostly fibre and a variety of sugars. Broccoli has many vitamins and minerals like Vitamin A, potassium, folic acid, and iron. When it is not harvested in the right time, it will turn into a head of yellow flowers.

It is native to the Mediterranean. The plant was from a cabbage by a Mediterranean civilization called Etruscan. Broccoli’s name comes from the word "broccolo" in Italian language and the Latin word "brachium". It was developed from multiple crossbreeding.

## References
Fame (David Bowie song)

**Fame** is a song by David Bowie. It was written by David Bowie and John Lennon of The Beatles. The song combined funk and rock music. The song was released August 18, 1975. It was on Bowie's *Young Americans* album. The song reached the number 1 position on the US Billboard Top 100 in September 1975. 

## Cover versions
The song has been sung by many other famous singers and bands. These include:
* Duran Duran - 12" single for "Careless Memories"; included on *Starman: Rare and Exclusive Versions of 18 Classic David Bowie Songs*
* Egostatic - *.2 Contamination: A Tribute to David Bowie* (2006)
* Eurythmics - bonus track on 2005 remaster of the album *Touch* (1983)
* The Feelies - *Something Wild* video
* FuckEmos - *Only Bowie* (1995)
* Infectious Grooves - ''Sarsippius' Ark* (1993)
* Dave Matthews Band - Live recording
* Love and Money - 12" single
* George Michael - Live recording and on the album *I'm Your Man* (1993)
* Pearl Jam - Live recording
* RC - *Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath* (1996)
* The Rockridge Synthesiser Orchestra - *Plays David Bowie Classic Trax*
* Ronald Rat
* Stardust - Live performance
* Vanilla Ice - *Mind Blowin'* (1994)
* God Lives Underwater - *Up Off the Floor'' (2004)
* Umphreys McGee -  Encore: 12/30/2005
Larissa Wilson

**Larissa Wilson** (born 5 May 1989) is an English actress. She is best known for playing the role of Jal Fazer in the first two seasons of *Skins*.

## Other websites
*
University of Toledo

The **University of Toledo** is a public university in Toledo, Ohio.

The University of Toledo's athletic team's are called the *Rockets* and there are 15 varsity teams including: Football, Basketball, distance running as well as others. Their rival is the *Bowling Green Falcons* and they fight over the "Peace Pipe" trophy.

## References
*

## Other websites
April Pearson

**April Janet Pearson** (born 23 January 1989 in Bristol) is an English actress.

In early 2007, Pearson appeared in the first series of *Skins* on E4 as Michelle Richardson. She has appeared in *Casualty*, playing four different characters.

April currently lives in Bristol. She was head girl at Colston's Girls' School.

## References
## Other websites
*
*April Pearson Interview at The National Student Magazine
Ruby

A **ruby** is  a kind of precious stone. It is often associated with emerald, sapphire and topaz. It is usually red, but can sometimes be other colors. It is formed of aluminum and oxygen (Al2O3), and that means it's a kind of corundum. A small amount of chromium makes the color. They are the most popular red gemstone, and is aften linked with the birthmonth of July.

## References
Hannah Murray

**Tegan Lauren-Hannah Murray** (born 1 July 1989) is an English actress. She is best known for playing the role of Cassie, a gentle, 'spacey' teen girl with an apparent eating disorder and unstated mental illness in E4's drama/comedy, *Skins*.

Murray attended North Bristol Post 16 Centre studying German.

## Credits 
**Skins* (2007-2008, 2013, TV series) - Cassie
*Narrates the new *Nokia 5300* advert (August/September 2007)
*Reads in *Lost for words* campaign 2007.
*Marple: Why Didn't They Ask Evans? (2009, TV movie) - Dorothy Savage
*Clone (2010) - Monica
*Chatroom (2010) - Emily
*Wings (2011, short)
*Dark Shadows (2012)
*Little Glory (2012)
**Game of Thrones* (2012-2017, TV series) - Gilly
*The Numbers Station (2013)
*Lily & Kat (2013)
*God Help the Girl (2013) - Cass

## References
## Other websites 
*
*Hannah Murray fansite
*Channel 4 Skins site
*Hannah Murray  at Troikatalent.com
Animal Planet

***Animal Planet*** is a television network that is mainly about human and animal relationships. It is owned by Discovery Communications.

Roughly 4 out of 5 households with television receive Animal Planet in the United States of America.
Cassie (Skins character)

**Cassandra "Cassie" Ainsworth** is a fictional character on the British television series *Skins*. She is played by Hannah Murray.

## Personality
Cassie is a very complicated character. She suffers from anorexia nervosa, self harm, and low self esteem. Her entire self worth is dependent on her weight, in one episode saying "I didn't eat for three days... so I could be lovely." She also drinks alcohol and takes drugs. In the episode "Tony" she is seen sorting food, a common occurrence shown by people with anorexia. Despite Cassie's many "problems", she is a very gentle, caring,kind, and loving person. Written on her "about me" section of the *Skins* website, she talks about how much she loves her baby brother, Reuben. Cassie will even act positive to bad news so that she will not offend.

## Character history
### Series 1
Cassie is released from a clinic, where she received treatment for her eating disorder. In the first episode, called "Tony", she stays with Sid and offers to have sex so he can lose his virginity, but she passes out before anything happens. In the second episode "Cassie", it is shown that she is not better and is still sick. She has also developed a crush on Sid. In "Sid", the fifth episode of the season, Cassie tries to kill herself after Sid cancels a date they planned, so that he could be with Michelle Richardson. In "Michelle", Michelle takes Sid to see Cassie, but Cassie is dating someone called Simon, a patient in the hospital she is currently in. In the last episode of the season, Cassie says she is moving to Scotland with her family, away from Bristol. Cassie writes Sid a letter and leaves it at his house after sneaking out the hospital. She is also given a letter Sid wrote to her from Tony Stonem. In the last moment of the season, Sid finds Cassie and they sit together and hold hands.

### Series 2
Cassie and Sid are in a serious romantic long distance relationship. In "Sid", the third episode, Sid thinks Cassie is cheating on him and becomes angry at her. Cassie is also angry, but because Sid does not trust her. At the end of the episode Cassie takes a train from where she lives in Scotland to Bristol, to visit Sid. She waits in his bedroom for him, but when Sid enters the bedroom he is kissing Michelle (not noticing that Cassie is also there). In "Chris", the fifth episode, Cassie bitterly tells her friends that Sid is together with Michelle. She copes with her feelings by having sex with almost anyone, doing drugs, and partying. In "Effy" Sid finally confronts Cassie and her bad behavior. The two get back together, but in "Cassie", it is clear that Cassie is still angry towards Michelle. After Cassie's roommate and friend Chris Miles dies, she runs away to New York City, where she is taken care of by a boy called Adam. In the finale "Everyone", in the last moment of the episode, Sid looks for Cassie in New York, and stops in front of the diner she works in.

## References
Amberg

**Amberg** () is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is in the Oberpfalz ("Upper Palatinate"), roughly half way between Regensburg and Bayreuth. Population: 44,200 (2001).

Amberg became a center for the mining of iron ore in 1270. In the 1800s a blast furnace was built in the town.

## Twin towns 
Amberg is twinned with these towns:
* , Bad Bergzabern, Rhineland-Palatinate
* , Bystrzyca Klodzka (Habelschwerdt),
* , Desenzano
* , Périgueux
*  Trikala
* , Ústí nad Orlicí (Wildenschwert)

## References
## Other websites 
* Amberg official city website
Sufjan Stevens

**Sufjan Stevens** (; born July 1, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter and musician from Petoskey, Michigan.

Some people think he is part of the folk revival in indie pop, but he gets ideas from many things. His music is similar to electronica and the minimalism of Steve Reich. Stevens says that he has plans to make a concept album for each of the 50 U.S. states. He began with *Michigan* (2003) and *Illinois* (2005).

Stevens was born in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Petoskey. He went to Harbor Light Christian School as well as the Interlochen Arts Academy. He also learned at Hope College in Holland, Michigan.

Sufjan is an Arabic name that famously belonged to Abu Sufyan, a man from early Islamic history. The name was given to Stevens by the person who founded Subud, a spiritual community. Stevens said in an interview, "It sounds like Devendra Banhart kind of grew up in this strange kind of cultish environment, and I don't mean that word in a demeaning way. I think we probably come from similar backgrounds. There's a little bit of that in my history."

Stevens is a multi-instrumentalist, a person who can play many musical instruments. He is well known for his use of the banjo, but also plays guitar, piano, drums, and several other instruments, often playing all of these on his albums by using multitrack recording. When he was in school, he learned the oboe and English horn, which he also plays on his albums. He is one of the few musicians in pop music to use these instruments. A lot of instruments are played in unison to give his songs a "symphony-like" sound. Strings and horns are used very often in many of his songs.

Stevens lives in the Brooklyn part of New York City in the neighborhood Kensington where he makes up the Asthmatic Kitty Records staff of the Brooklyn office. His brother Marzuki Stevens is a marathon runner.

The song *The Mystery of Love* because of the *movie Call Me by Your Name* was hit song and won AMFT Awards in 2017*.*

## Studio albums 
* A Sun Came
* Enjoy Your Rabbit
* Michigan
* Seven Swans
* Illinois
* The Age of Adz
* Carrie & Lowell
* The Ascension
* Convocations

## References
Stal Mielec

**Stal Mielec**  () is a Polish football club from Mielec. They play in Polish First league. The club was started April 10, 1939. Their home stadium is Stadion Stali Mielec. Their colours are white and blue.

Stal Mielec has won *I liga* (Polish first league) 2 times (in 1973 and 1976) and played in quarterfinals of UEFA Cup in 1976. They were one of the best teams of Poland in 1970s.

Famous players are Grzegorz Lato, Henryk Kasperczak, Andrzej Szarmach, Jan Domarski, all of them played in 1970s.

## Other websites 
* StalMielec.com - Official Website
Neubrandenburg

**Neubrandenburg** ( or shortened: *Bramborg*)  (*New Brandenburg*, ) is a city in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is in the southeastern part of the state, at the shore of a lake called the *Tollensesee*.

The city was founded in the year 1248. 

Till September 4, 2011 Neubrandenburg was a urban district.

Since March 2015 Silvio Witt is the mayor of Neubrandenburg. He is the succesor of Paul Krüger (CDU).

Neubrandenburg was founded by the knight Herbord von Raven in the year 1248.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official site (German, English)
Greifswald

**Greifswald** ()  is officially known as *Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald*, which means *University and Hanseatic Town of Greifswald* (from German *Greif*, "griffin", and *Wald*, "forest"). It is a town in northeastern Germany. 

The town is on the Baltic Sea, about  to the north of Berlin in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The population is roughly 55,000, including about 11,500 students and some 5,000 employees of the University of Greifswald. 

Till September 4, 2011 Greifswald was a urban district.

## City council
The city council is elected for five year terms. Since the last election in 2014, the 43 city council seats are allocated as follows:

*CDU: 11
*Linke: 8
*SPD: 6
*Greens: 5
*BG: 3
*KfV: 3
*AfD: 2
*FDP: 2
*Pirates: 2
*AL: 1

## Town twinning
*, Kotka, since 1959
*, Goleniów, since 1986, twin town since 2006
*, Osnabrück, since 1988
*, Lund, since 1990
*, Hamar, since 1997
*, Newport News, Virginia, since 2007
*, Szczecin,  city friendship since 1996
*, Angers,  contacts since 1994
*, College Station, contacts since 1995

## Notable people from Greifswald
* Caspar David Friedrich, Romanticist painter
* Hans Fallada, author
* Wolfgang Koeppen, author
*Josef Sommer, actor
*Toni Kroos, Professional footballer currently playing for Bayern Munich

## References
## Other websites
* City of Greifswald (official website)
* university
* Pomeranian State Museum, Greifswald
* theatre
Red-light district

]]

A **red-light district** is a part of an urban area where sex work is concentrated. Sex work in red-light districts is either legal or illegal, but tolerated. In the world there are many red-light districts, the most famous probably being the red-light district in Amsterdam, De Wallen. In the red-light district, sex workers are often helped and protected, and every month doctors visit them. Condoms are given to the sex worker so they do not catch any sexually transmitted diseases (STD's). In some red-light districts, sex workers pay taxes, as in the red-light district of Amsterdam. In other red light districts, sex workers do not pay taxes, because there they are illegal and often are put on the street with violence. In some parts of Africa there are villages of sex workers where they live and work, because they are not accepted by the people of other villages.

## Related pages
* List of red-light districts
Britpop

**Britpop** is a type of alternative rock that started in the United Kingdom. Britpop came out of the British independent music scene of the 1990s and affected, or changed, by British guitar pop music of the 1960s and 1970s. This kind of music began as a reaction against some trends, or styles, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, such as grunge from the United States. After American grunge bands such as Nirvana came to Britain, many British bands acted as opposites to the American bands, and wrote about only British topics and concerns.

Britpop bands did not have one type of sound, but the media called them first a 'scene', or short-lasting trend. Later, the media called them a national importance. Blur, Oasis and Pulp had been called the most important bands. Some bands were able to become popular overseas.But Britpop was mostly gone by the end of the decade.

## References
Nine in the Afternoon

"**Nine in the Afternoon**" is the first single from the second album by Panic at the Disco, *Pretty. Odd.* The music video was filmed on December 20 and December 21.  It was the first song written after the band decided to erase several worth of an album they had been planning on releasing in the fall of 2007. Panic at the Disco's first performance of "Nine in the Afternoon" was at Virgin Festival 2007.

## References
## Other websites
* Official band site
A Fever You Can't Sweat Out

'''''A Fever You Can't Sweat Out''''' is the first album made by the rock band, Panic! at the Disco. It was released on July 18, 2006 by Fueled by Ramen.

The album is split in two, with tracks 1 through 7 being played by electronic instruments such as synthesizers and drum machines and tracks 9 through 13 using traditional instruments such as the accordion and organ. Track 8 (Intermission) acts as a link between the two parts, starting with techno-style dance beats before switching to the piano. On the vinyl record version of the album, side A holds songs 1-8 while side B holds songs 9-13, further showing the split in the album.

The album mostly deals with social problems that the band shows on through various songs. Topics such as sanctity of marriage, adultery, alcoholism, prostitution, and religion are seen throughout the album. Guitarist Ryan Ross also relates two of the songs to living with an alcoholic father. The album has sold more than 1.6 million copies in the U.S. alone.

## Track listing 
#"Introduction" – 0:36
#"The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" – 2:54
#"London Beckoned Songs About Money Written by Machines" – 3:23
#"Nails for Breakfast, Tacks for Snacks" – 3:23
#"Camisado" – 3:11
#"Time to Dance" – 3:22
#"Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" – 3:20
#"Intermission" – 2:35
#"But It's Better If You Do" – 3:25
#"I Write Sins Not Tragedies" – 3:06
#"I Constantly Thank God for Esteban" – 3:30
#"There's a Good Reason These Tables Are Numbered Honey, You Just Haven't Thought of It Yet" – 3:16
#"Build God, Then We'll Talk" – 3:40

### Bonus tracks 

"I Write Sins Not Tragedies (Live in Denver)" (Japanese Bonus track) – 3:46

## Credits 
*Brendon Urie – vocals, guitar, keyboard, piano, accordion, organ
*Ryan Ross – guitar, lyrics, keyboard, piano, accordion, organ
*Spencer Smith – drums, and percussion
*Brent Wilson - bass (Panic now denies he performed on the album but his name is shown in the credits for the album's Notes and Thank Yous) 

Additional instruments
*William Brousserd - trumpet on tracks 9,12
*Heather Stebbins - cello on tracks 8,10,12,13
*Samantha Bynes - violin on tracks 10,12

## Related pages
* Panic at the Disco

## References 
## Other websites 
*
WWE Armageddon

**WWE Armageddon** was a series of professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) events made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) that was held from 1999 to 2008. It took place in December and therefore was the last pay-per-view of every calendar year. In 2001, Vengeance took place instead of Armageddon because of the possible insensitivity of the latter's name with respect to the September 11 attacks. Armageddon returned the following year.

## Events 
### Dates and venues
## References
Ryan Ross

**George Ryan Ross III** (b. August 30, 1986) is an American guitarist and singer. He was a member of the band Panic! at the Disco. He is from Summerlin, Nevada. 

Ross knew fellow Panic! drummer Spencer Smith since he was five. At the age of twelve, the two covered Blink-182 songs in a band called Pet Salamander. Later, he was in the band The Summer League with Smith and ex-Panic! bassist Brent Wilson. After high school, Ross went to the University of Las Vegas. He left after one semester to work in the band. During the times, his parents were having trouble and unhappy. His father was having problems with alcoholism. While seeing this, Ryan wrote two songs on the album about his experiences with his father. His father died in July 2006. Ryan had to deal with the death of his father while in the middle of Panic's summer tour. In July 2009, Ross said that he would be leaving Panic! At The Disco. He said he was leaving because of "creative differences."  He said that he and Jon Walker, who also left, would continue to make music.

Ross and Walker then started a band called The Young Veins, which released one album, *Take a Vacation!* and went on 'indefinite hiatus' in mid-2011.

Ross lives in Los Angeles.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* Official Panic! at the Disco web site
I Write Sins Not Tragedies

"**I Write Sins Not Tragedies**" is the second single by the rock band Panic at the Disco. It is from their first album ''A Fever You Can't Sweat Out'' (2006). It was released on July 18, 2006 on both compact disc and 7&nbsp;inch vinyl. Ryan Ross wrote the song. The edited version of the song with the lyrics "The poor groom's bride is a whore" and "Haven't you people ever heard of closing the goddamn door?" were changed. "Whore" was replaced with a "shhh" sound and "God" was removed in "goddamn." It was ranked #3 in Billboard's Best 2000's Video poll.
Aesculus glabra

s from the Aesculus glabra tree]]

***Aesculus glabra*** or **Ohio buckeye** is a type of tree. It is a medium-sized deciduous tree that grows to be  to  tall. It lives in several states in eastern North America: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Nebraska, Texas, and Georgia. It also grows in the far southwest of Ontario.

The leaves have 5 or 7 leaflets,  to  big. The tree grows yellow flowers in spring. The fruit is a small shell. The shell has 1-3 nuts inside of it. These nuts are called buckeyes. The buckeye got its name when Native Americans thought it looked like the eye of a buck (a male deer). Buckeyes have acid in them, and they cannot be eaten by humans.

The Ohio buckeye is the state tree of Ohio. It is also the nickname of The Ohio State University mascot or any person who went or goes to the school.

## References
Jon Walker

**Jonathan Jacob Walker** (born September 17, 1985 in Chicago) is an American musician.  He was the bassist for the Las Vegas based rock band Panic! at the Disco, replacing former bass player Brent Wilson. He was replaced by Dallon Weekes after he left the band in July, 2009. Jon Walker was also lead guitarist and occasional lead vocalist of The Young Veins.  As of 2011 he is trying a solo career as a folk-pop artist.
Brendon Urie

**Brendon Boyd Urie** (born April 12, 1987 in St. George, Utah) is the lead singer of the rock band Panic at the Disco. He also plays keyboard, accordion, piano, organ, bass, guitar, cello and drums. He has been married to Sarah Orzechowski since 2013.

## Other websites
* Brendon Urie page on IMDB
* Panic! at the Disco Web Site 
* Interview: Brendon Urie of Panic! at the Disco 

## References
Live Session EP

***Live Session EP*** is an EP released by the rock band Panic! at the Disco on June 13, 2006. It is available only as a digital download from the iTunes Store. It has a more acoustic feel to the songs.

## Track listing
# "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" (Live) – 3:06
# "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Live) – 3:09
# "But It's Better If You Do" (Live) – 2:50
Spencer Smith

**Spencer James Smith** (born September 2, 1987 in Summerlin, Nevada) was previously the drummer for the rock band Panic at the Disco. Spencer was one of the original members of the band. He was also the youngest member of the band after the departure of Brent Wilson. He founded the band along with Ryan Ross, who he grew up with. Smith left the band in 2013.

## Other websites 
*
The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage

"**The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage**", also shortened to "**The Only Difference**" for radio plays and ease, is a song written by Ryan Ross for Panic at the Disco's debut, ''A Fever You Can't Sweat Out''. It was released as a radio only single.
Decaydance Records

**Decaydance Records** is the vanity label of Pete Wentz, Patrick Stump (of Fall Out Boy) and Travis McCoy (of Gym Class Heroes). It is an impression of the Fueled by Ramen record label. It uses the Pete Wentz's trademark 'Batheart' as its logo.

## Other websites
* Official website
Build God, Then We'll Talk

"'''Build God, Then We'll Talk'''" is the fifth and last official single, written by Ryan Ross, from Panic at the Disco's 2006 album, ''A Fever You Can't Sweat Out'', including the radio-only single "The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage".

## Song information 
The song is the last song on Panic at the Disco's debut album ''A Fever You Can't Sweat Out''.

The bridge melody of "Build God, Then We'll Talk" is a derivative of the melody of the chorus of "My Favorite Things" from *The Sound of Music*. The lyrics in the bridge also directly satirize the lyrics of "My Favorite Things".

The song depicts the story of a virgin who, in desperate need of cash, agrees to sleep with a powerful Lawyer in exchange for a job at the firm. His wife, despite knowing about his late ventures, stays with him for the same reason this girl has been manipulated into sleeping with him; money. However, the Lawyer has tipped off the police, claiming her to be a prostitute, and, just hours after he leaves, the Constable bursts in while she's fixing her hair in a compact. Surprised, she knocks her bag over, spilling the contents, and the officer gives her an option- go to jail or sleep with him. In the album there are extended lyrics confirming this.

## Music video 
The video shows the story of a "pornomime" and a girl who falls in love after she watches one of his performances. Their relationship is a fake one. Both "relationships" includes a fake feeling of confidence and are really useless in meaning. 
The mime and his girlfriend both walk in on each other having affairs (pretended, of course), again showing the emptiness of their fake relationships. They are not making love to real people — it is a false impression. The video is the first from the band to be web-exclusive, mostly because they felt it was too offensive for television, but it has aired on MTV2 in the UK and is available on Music Choice On-demand.

The band does not appear in this video.

## Other websites 
*
Brent Wilson

**Brent Wilson** (born July 20th, 1987) is an American former bassist for the rock band Panic! at the Disco. He recorded one studio album with the band, A Fever You Can't Sweat Out (2005). He was fired and replaced by Jon Walker on May 17, 2006.

On January 22nd, 2021 Wilson was arrested during a traffic stop where he was found to have been carrying drugs. On November 15, 2022, Wilson was sentenced to 46 months in prison followed by three years of supervised release.

## Panic! At the Disco (2004-2006) 
Wilson joined Panic! At the Disco in 2004. The band’s debut studio album, A Fever You Can't Sweat Out, was released on September 27, 2005. The album was an unexpected success, going 4x platinum and propelling the band into superstardom.

## Dismissal from Panic! At the Disco (2006) 
On May 17, 2006, Panic! at the Disco announced that Wilson had been fired, stating, “There really isn't a good way to say this, and it was a decision that was very tough to make, but feels like it will be the right decision for everyone. We regret to inform you that Brent is no longer a part of Panic at the Disco, and although this choice does feel very healthy, he is a great friend of ours and he will definitely be missed. We all wish him well and the best of luck in everything he wants to do in the future. The last few years will be something we will never forget, all the places we’ve been that we never thought we'd go and things we’ve seen that we thought we'd never see when we started this band. Right now, our friend Jon is going to be filling in, and I'm sure it would ease his nerves a bit to get a warm reception. We’re at home preparing for the summer tour, and we’ve never worked so hard on putting something together. I can't tell you how excited we are for these shows and for you all to see what we’ve been planning, we’ve got a few tricks up our sleeves... just you wait.” The band faced heavy backlash for the firing, including from Wilson’s brother, Blake. This caused a feud between the two parties, including claims of betrayal on Panic’s part and performance problems and substance abuse on Wilson’s part. Wilson also filed a suit against the band, claiming he was owed royalties.

## Aftermath and Arrest 
After his time in Panic! At the Disco, he went on to become an accountant for a commercial real estate agency and got married, having a son named Connor. In July 2018, he pleaded guilty to possession of a controlled substance. On January 22nd, 2021, Wilson was pulled over after he crossed three lanes of traffic without a turn signal, cutting off oncoming traffic. During the stop, a search of Wilson and the vehicle uncovered 13 grams of meth, 1.2 grams of cocaine, 62.6 grams of heroin, a scale, small baggies, foil covered in residue, and a loaded Glock 17. Wilson, who was on parole at the time of the arrest, was also said to be out two hours beyond his curfew deadline. On November 15, 2022, Wilson was sentenced to 46 months in prison followed by three years of supervised release for possession with the intent to distribute heroin and felon in possession of a firearm.

## References
Sound Tribe Sector Nine

***Sound Tribe Sector Nine*** is a United States band from Atlanta, Georgia. The band's name is commonly abbreviated as just **STS9** or **Sound Tribe**. They are most notably recognized for their live performances consisting of complex light shows.

## Discography 
* 1999: *Interplanetary Escape Vehicle* 
* 1999: *Sector 9 - The Brown Album* 
* 2000: *Offered Schematics Suggesting Peace*
* 2002: *Seasons 01*
* 2003: *Live at Home*
* 2005: *Artifact* #12 on *Billboard*'s Top Electronic Albums chart
* 2005: *Artifact: Remixes Vol.1*
* 2005: *Artifact: Perspectives*
* 2008: *Peaceblaster*
* 2009: "Ad Explorata"

## References 
## Other websites 
* STS9.com - Official site
* STS9music.com - Official Music Downloads, Live Shows and Albums
* STS9 @ Myspace.com
* 1320records.com - Official Label 
* STS9 review in austin chronicle
* 1320 Records @ Myspace.com
* Tribe Heads Fan Site @ Myspace.com
* Soundtribe.org - Fan Setlist Archive and Band Information
* Sound Tribe Sector 9 collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
* GrooveTV #201 VideoCD @ Archive.org
* Poster Art Archive @ Expressobeans.com 
* http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_david_murphy_of_sound_tribe.php  David Murphy Interview *http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_david_phipps_of_sound_tribe.php  David Phipps Interview *http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_hunter_brown_of_sound_tribe.php  Hunter Brown Interview *http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_jeffree_lerner_of_sound_tri.php  Jeffree Lerner Interview *http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_zach_velmer_of_sound_tribe.php  Zach Velmer Interview
RIAA certification

In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America awards certification based on the number of albums and singles sold through retail and other secondary stores.

## List of certifications
Currently, the normal RIAA certifications for albums are:
* 500,000 units: **Gold album**.
* 1,000,000 units: **Platinum album**.
* 2,000,000 units: **Multi-Platinum album**.
* 10,000,000 units: **Diamond album**.

Special certifications exist for Latin albums (which the RIAA considers to be an album that is mostly sung in Spanish):

If a Latin album is certified on or after December 20, 2013:
* 30,000 units: **Disco de oro** (which means "Gold album").
* 60,000 units: **Disco de platino** (which means "Platinum album").
* 120,000 units: **Disco de multi-platino album** (which means "Multi-Platinum album").
* 600,000 units: **Disco de diamante** (which means "Diamond album").

If a Latin album was certified before December 20, 2013:
* 50,000 units: **Disco de oro**.
* 100,000 units: **Disco de platino**.
* 200,000 units: **Disco de multi-platino**.
* 1,000,000 units: **Disco de diamante**

## References
## Other websites
* RIAA Website
* The RIAA Diamond Awards
* Search RIAA Gold and Platinum Database
* *Billboard Magazine* - a magazine that publishes weekly music rankings
Stralsund

**Stralsund** is a town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany on the south coast of the Strelasund (a sound of the Baltic Sea separating the island of Rügen from the mainland).

In 1293 Stralsund became a member of the Hanseatic League.

From 1949 until German Reunification in 1990, Stralsund was part of the German Democratic Republic.

## References 
* *Britannica Online Encyclopedia*, "Stralsund" (city), 2007, webpage: EB-Stralsund.

## Other websites 
* Satellite picture by Google Maps
* Stralsund
Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off

"**Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off**" is the fourth single by the rock band Panic at the Disco, from their album, ''A Fever You Can't Sweat Out''. It was released on August 7, 2006 as the fourth single, but is the third advertised single ("The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" was not commercially released as a single).

## Music video
The music video was filmed on June 19, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The video was shown on MTV2 on July 14, 2006. It features people with fish tanks on their heads. The video only shows the band in one scene (the paramedics are the band members), because the band felt that their looks were distracting from their music.

The music video starts out with a woman walking on a sidewalk. For some reason, she has a fishtank on her head and all the people around her also have a fishtank. She quickly runs into a puddle and follows it to find a fish flapping around. She places it into her tank and stares at it. Then the woman heads over to a group of people to discover them gathered around a man who's tank broke and he is dying now. The woman has flashbacks to show that the man is her husband. She then attempts suicide by pouring out her own tank and collapsing. The band arrives in two ambulances (labeled Receiving Hospital) and takes them away in bathtubs. The band then carries the two across a beach and throws them into the ocean. There the woman holds the man.

## Track listings
### UK CD/Digital August 2006
#"Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"
#"I Write Sins Not Tragedies" (Live from Astoria)

### UK Enhanced CD - August 2006
#"Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"
#"Build God, Then We'll Talk" (Live from Astoria)
#"Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Video)
#"Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Live Video from Astoria)

### UK 7" Picture Disc - August 2006
#"Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"
#"The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" (Live from Astoria)

### WMI CD/Digital - January 2007
#"Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Radio Edit)
#"Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Album Version)
#"I Write Sins Not Tragedies" (Live from Astoria)
#"Build God, Then We'll Talk" (Live from Astoria)

## Other websites
*