open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Book of Judith

The **Book of Judith** is part of the Bible.  It was written in or near 100BC. It is in Bibles that follow the Catholic and Orthodox Canon.  Protestants and Jews treat the Book of Judith as part of the apocrypha and not part of the official canon.

In the book, an evil general named Holofernes is invading Israel.  He is waiting with his army outside the town of Bethulia and will not let the people in the town get any water to drink.  Judith tells the people of Bethulia not to give up.  She sneaks to Holofernes' camp and pretends to make friends with him.  He invites her to a meal, where he drinks much alcohol.  When he falls asleep, she cuts off his head.

## History
The Book of Judith is probably not a story about something that really happened.  The book says that Holofernes was an Assyrian who worked for Nebuchadnezzar, but the real Nebuchadnezzar was a Babylonian ruler.

The book starts with, "In the twelfth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned over the Assyrians in Nineveh."  Many ancient Hebrew stories started with words like these.  It is like saying "once upon a time": it tells the reader to expect a fairy tale.

## In culture
Many, many artists have painted paintings of Judith killing or preparing to kill Holofernes.  For example, Artemisia Gentileschi and Gustav Klimt.

## References
Quinto, Ticino

**Quinto** is a municipality of the district Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Rancate

**Rancate** was a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 5 April 2009, the former municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Mendrisio, Rancate and Tremona merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

## References 
## Other websites
Rovio

**Rovio** was a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 10 April 2022, the former municipalities of Maroggia, Melano and Rovio merged to form the new municipality of Val Mara.
]]

## References 
## Other websites
San Nazzaro, Switzerland

**San Nazzaro** was a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged to form the new municipality of Gambarogno.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Official website
Sant'Antonio

'''Sant'Antonio''' was a municipality, in the municipality of Bellinzona and the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

This municipality is not to be confused with the municipality of Sant'Antonino of the same district.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Sementina

**Sementina** was a municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017, the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.

## References 
## Other websites
Semione

**Semione** was a municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 1 April 2012, the former municipalities of Ludiano, Malvaglia and Semione merged to form the new municipality of Serravalle.

## References 
## Other websites
Sigirino

**Sigirino** was a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 21 November 2010, the former municipalities of Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino merged into the new municipality of Monteceneri.

## References 
## Other websites
Lago di Muzzano

**Lago di Muzzano** is a lake in Ticino, Switzerland. It is in the municipalities of Sorengo, Muzzano and Collina d'Oro. Its surface area is . It flows into Lake Lugano.
Leuggelbach

**Leuggelbach** is a village and former municipality in the canton of Glarus, Switzerland.

It used to be its own municipality, until it was put together with 2 other municipalities to form the new municipality, Haslen.

## Other websites
List of current champions in WWE

This is a list of all current champions in WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment), a big company that produces professional wrestling shows. It is now the most popular company in the wrestling business. It is owned by TKO Group Holdings. Vincent J. McMahon started the company in 1963. His son, Vince K. McMahon ran the company as the chairman and CEO from 1982 to 2024.

The company used to be known as the **World Wrestling Federation** or the **WWF**. They changed their name to World Wrestling Entertainment after a lawsuit filed by the World Wide Fund for Nature, formerly known as the World Wildlife Fund, which uses the "WWF" initials in the United States. In 2011, the company rebranded itself as WWE, although its legal name is still World Wrestling Entertainment.

## Current champions 
Tables with a "Days recognized" column means that WWE officially lists a different number of days that a wrestler has held a title because an event aired on tape delay. In some cases the actual date an event took place is unknown.

### Main roster 
### Developmental 
### Open 
## Related pages
* List of WWE personnel

## References
Munro (disambiguation)

A **Munro** is any Scottish mountain with a height over 3,000 feet (914.4 metres).

**Munro** could also mean:

* Munro, Buenos Aires, a neighborhood in the city of Buenos Aires
* USCGC *Munro* (WHEC-724), a High Endurance Cutter of the US Coast Guard
* Munro (surname), people with the surname *Munro*
* Clan Munro, a Highland Scottish clan

## Other 
* Mount Munro, a peak on Cape Barren Island in Tasmania
* Munro Day, holiday celebrated each year on the first Friday in February by Dalhousie University
* Hamilton/John C. Munro International Airport, an airport in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
* Monro
* Monroe
* Munroe
Miranda (Shakespeare)

In Shakespeare's play *The Tempest*, **Miranda** is the beautiful daughter of the old Duke Prospero.

Miranda is a naive 15-year-old girl.  She and her father were cast away by her uncle Antonio who wanted the throne and has been on a deserted island since she was three. Her father Prospero sends Ariel, his spirit servant, to fetch Ferdinand and arranges things so that the two will come to love one another.
Homograph

A **homograph** is one of a group of words that have the same spelling but have different meanings. They can also have different pronunciations.

For example:
*Polish (nationality) and polish (to make things shine)
*Dove (the bird) and dove (to dive)
*Present (a gift), present (to show), present (time) and present (to be somewhere)
*fine (feeling well), fine (a ticket)
Sorengo

**Sorengo** is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in  Switzerland. Lago di Muzzano is in this municipality.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Mons

**Mons** is a town in Belgium and the capital of the Province of Hainaut. It is the fourth largest city of the Walloon part of Belgium where French is spoken. The town's name takes its roots from the Latin word *mons* which means *mountain*. In 2015, the city becomes the European Capital of Culture for the calendar year.

In 2007, 91,196 people lived there.

It is at 50° 27 North, 03° 56 East.

## People born in Mons 
* Gilles Binchois, composer (15th century, birth in Mons is uncertain)
* Orlande de Lassus, composer (16th century)
* Guido de Bres, theologian (1522 to 31 May 1567)
* Giuseppe Grisoni, painter and sculptor (17th century)
* François-Joseph Fétis, musicologist, composer, critic, and teacher (18th century)
* François-Philippe de Haussy, first governor of the National Bank of Belgium (18th century)
* Paul Émile de Puydt, botanist, economist, and writer (19th century)
* Émile Motte, painter (19th century)

## Twin cities 
* : Briare
* : Thoissey
* : Vannes
* : Sefton
* : Changsha
* : Little Rock, Arkansas

## Other websites 
* Official site of the city, in French.

## References
Kannur

**Kannur** is a city and municipal corporation in the south Indian state of Kerala. It was once an ancient trading port. Enduring monuments such as 16th-century St. Angelo Fort, once occupied by European colonial forces, show the city’s significant role in the spice trade. Housed in a former palace, the Arakkal Museum highlights Kerala's one Muslim royal family. The palm-fringed sands of Payyambalam Beach run along Kannur’s western shore

## History 
The earliest evidence of human habitation in the district are rock-cut caves and megalithic burial sites of the Neolithic age. The Taliparamba-Kannur-Thalassery area abounds in rock-cut caves, dolmens, burial stone circles and menhirs, all of megalithic burial order. The district was part of the Chera kingdom, which ruled most of Kerala during the first several centuries CE. Later Kannur was the capital of the Kolattiri Rajas, whose kingdom had trading relations with Arabia and Persiain the 12th century and 13th centuries.

Kannur District witnessed one of the longest and bloodiest resistance to British rule in India. This revolt led by Pazhassi Raja in the 1792–1806 period kept a large part of the district in a state of war.

Kannur District played an important role in the Indian freedom movement. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, established a Malabar District committee in 1908. A branch of the All India Home Rule League, founded by Dr. Annie Besant, functioned in Thalassery during this period and among its active workers was V.K. Krishna Menon. By the end of 1939, a branch of the Communist Party of India was formally established at Pinarayi, a village near Thalassery.

## References
Hainaut Province

**Hainaut**  (, , , , , ) is a province of the Walloon Region, one of the three regions of Belgium. Its capital is the city of Mons.

It is the westernmost province of the Walloon Region.

## Geography
To the south of the province of Hainaut lies the French Nord department, while within Belgium it borders (clockwise from the North) on the Flemish provinces of West Flanders, East Flanders, Flemish Brabant and the Wallonian provinces of Walloon Brabant and Namur.

The province has an area of  with a population of about 1,351,000 in 2022. It is the province of the Walloon Region with the highest population.

The province of Hainaut is divided into seven arrondissements (*arrondissementen* in Dutch) with 69 municipalities.

The altitude of the province is between , in Celles, and , in L'Escaillère.

## Administrative divisions
The province of Hainaut is divided into seven *arrondissements* (Ath, Charleroi, La Louvière, Mons, Soignies, Thuin, and Tournai-Mouscron) and a total of 69 municipalities.

## Population by arrondissement
Population x 1,000 (on 1 January since 1980).

¹ Established in 2019.

² Change of municipalities in 2019.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official web site of the Hainaut province 
* Hainaut Développement
Brave New World (disambiguation)

The phrase "**brave new world**" comes from Miranda's speech in Shakespeare's *The Tempest*, Act V, Scene I:
:"O wonder!
:How many goodly creatures are there here!
:How beautious mankind is!
:O brave new world,
:That has such people in't!"

It could also mean:

In **literature**:
**Brave New World*, a novel by Aldous Huxley
**Brave New World Revisited*, a non-fiction work also by Huxley

In **film** and **television**:
**Brave New World* (1980 movie), a 1980 TV-movie version of Huxley's book
**Brave New World* (movie), a 1998 TV-movie version of Huxley's book
**Brave New World* (TV series), an ABC TV mini-series about the possibilities of the 21st century
*"Brave New World" (seaQuest 2032 episode), an episode of *seaQuest 2032*

In **music**:
* Albums:
***Brave New World* (album), a 2000 album by Iron Maiden
***Brave New World* (Steve Miller Band album), a 1969 album by the Steve Miller Band
***Brave New World* (Styx album), a 1999 album by Styx
***Brave New World*, a 1995 album by The Rippingtons.
* Songs:
**"Brave New World," a song by Charlotte Church.
**"Brave New World," a song from Motörhead's album Hammered (album).
**"Brave New World," a song by Reagan Youth.
**"Brave New World, a song by the Swedish band Covenant_
**A song from ''Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds*.
**"Brave New World," the title song of the Iron Maiden album mentioned above.
**"Brave New World," a song by Iron Savior.
**"Brave New World," the title song of the Styx album mentioned above.
**"Brave New World," the main theme song of Namco X Capcom a tactical role playing game for the Ps2
**"Brave New World," a song by Hedley
* Brave New World (band), an American electronic band from 1990-2000.

**Other** meanings:
*Brave New World (role playing game), a superhero role-playing game set in a dystopian alternate reality
**DCU: Brave New World'', a one-shot comic book released in summer 2006 as part of DC Comics' One Year Later event.
Iconoclasm

in Utrecht, attacked in Reformation iconoclasm in the 16th century.]]
**Iconoclasm** is a belief that people should reject religious images (like icons or monuments) by destroying or avoiding them. This is the opposite of Iconodulia, the worship of icons. Iconoclasm happens during important political or religious changes. It is generally distinct from destruction by foreigners, for example Rome in Carthage.  The term does not generally include the specific destruction of images of a ruler after his death or overthrow (*damnatio memoriae*), for example Akhenaten in Ancient Egypt. 

People who support iconoclasm are called **iconoclasts**. This word is also used for people who are against established dogma or conventions. Similarly, people who revere or venerate religious images are called **iconodule**. In an Eastern Orthodox context they are known as **iconodules**, or **iconophiles**.

Iconoclasm may be carried out by people of a different religion, but is often the result of sectarian disputes between factions of the same religion. The two Byzantine outbreaks during the 8th and 9th centuries were unusual because the use of images was the main issue in the dispute, rather than a by-product of wider concerns. In Christianity, iconoclasm born out of Muslim influence in Eastern Church during Middle Ages, as a result of a misinterpretation of the text of Exodus.

In Protestantism, although the Lutheranism and Anglicanism, venerates images like Catholicism or Eastern Orthodox Church, The Protestant Fundamentalism of John Calvin, and his doctrine, Calvinism, branded the veneration of images as idolatry.

## References
Jewish–Roman wars

The **Jewish–Roman Wars** is the name given to a number of s of Jews in the province of Judea in the Roman Empire. These were directed against the Roman rule. 
* First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 AD) – also called the First Jewish Revolt or the Great Jewish Revolt.
* Kitos War (115–117) – sometimes called the Second Jewish-Roman War.
* Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135), also called the Second Jewish-Roman War (when Kitos War is not counted), or the Third (when the Kitos War is counted).

Further revolts by the Jews in Iudaea Province:
* War against Gallus (351), the Jewish revolt originating in Sepphoris.
* Revolt against Heraclius (613), the Jewish revolt originating in Tiberias.
Triple Zero

**Triple Zero** (**000**) is the national emergency number within Australia. If someone has an emergency situation that is life threatening or time critical, this number will connect them to a Telstra operator who will then connect them to the police, fire or ambulance service as required. 112 is a secondary emergency number that will direct calls to the Triple Zero answering point. It is against the law to use this number if there is no emergency. 

## History 
Before 1961, Australia did not have a national number for emergency services; each of the different emergency branches (police, fire department or ambulance) had their own number. In 1961, the Postmaster General (PMG) introduced the Triple Zero (000) number in most of the major Australian cities and by the end of the 1980s it had become nation-wide. The number Triple Zero (000) was chosen for several reasons, one of which was that it was easy to dial in darkness because the number zero was next to the finger stop on most Australian telephones.

## Possible uses 
A person would dial Triple Zero (000) if they require a response from police, fire or ambulance for life threatening or time critical events.

## Procedure 
When Triple Zero (000) is dialled, a Telstra operator will answer and ask the caller the following: “Emergency, police, fire or ambulance?”. The Telstra operator will then connect the caller to the required emergency service. The emergency service call taker will then ask the caller further, and send assistance as required.

## Related pages
* 9-1-1
* Emergency
* Police
* Ambulance
* Fire

## References
Wario

**Wario** is a character from Nintendo's popular video game series *Mario*.  He has appeared in most of the *Mario Party* and sports-related games, and has been the subject of a few video games of his own.

## Characteristics
Wario wears purple overalls with a yellow shirt, and green, pointed shoes. He has a purple inverted letter M (ꟽ) on his hat, similar to how Mario has a red letter M on his. Wario is Mario's rival. He is greedy, and loves money and garlic. He is fat and very strong. He often works together with Waluigi as his partner.

## Appearances
*Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins
*Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3
*Mario & Wario
*Wario's Woods
*Wario Blast
*Virtual Boy Wario Land
*Wario Land II
*Wario Land 3
*Wario Land 4
*Wario Land: Shake It!
*Mario's Super Picross
*Picross 2
*Mario Kart 64
*Mario Kart: Double Dash!!
*Mario Kart DS
*Mario Kart Wii
*Mario Kart 7
*Mario Kart 8
*Excitebike: Bun Bun Mario Battle Stadium
*Game & Watch Gallery 2
*Game & Watch Gallery 3
*Game & Watch Gallery 4
*Mario Party
*Mario Party 2
*Mario Party 3
*Mario Party 4
*Mario Party 5
*Mario Party 6
*Mario Party 7
*Mario Party 8
*Mario Party DS
*Mario Party 9
*Mario Party 10
*Super Mario Party
*Mario Party Advance
*Mario Golf
*Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour
*Mario Golf: Advance Tour
*Mario Tennis
*Mario Power Tennis
*Mario Sports Mix
*Dr. Mario 64
*Wario World
*WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$! (WarioWare, Inc.: Minigame Mania in Europe)
*WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Party Game$!
*WarioWare: Twisted!
*WarioWare: Touched!
*WarioWare: Smooth Moves
*WarioWare: Snapped!
*WarioWare D.I.Y.
*WarioWare Gold
*WarioWare: Get It Together!
*WarioWare: Move It!
*Super Mario 64 DS
*Dance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix
*Mario Smash Football
*Mario Strikers Charged Football
*Yoshi's Island DS
*Wario: Master of Disguise
*Ore Dayo! Wario Dayo!!
*Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games
*Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games
*Super Smash Bros. Melee (non-playable, as trophy)
*Super Smash Bros. Brawl
*Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U
*Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
*Game & Wario

## Reception
Wario ranked 10th on GameDaily's Top 10 Smash Bros. characters list. He also ranked seventh on GameDaily's top 10 ugliest game characters list; the authors referenced his snarling smile, moustache, and outfits. They also included him in a top 25 list of video game anti-heroes, stating that in spite of his greed, he's actually a "cool dude".

Screwattack rated Wario as the 10th Biggest Douchebag in Gaming. IGN editor Travis Fahs commented that while he was not the most likable character, he has incredible confidence that overshadows his flaws and makes him an entertaining character. 

In an article written by Kombo editors Agustin Olvera and Stephen Smith, they exclaim their surprise that he had not appeared in *Super Smash Bros. Melee* as a playable character, stating that he would be a great addition to the game.

## Related pages
* Anime
* Video game
* Wario Land series

## References
Districts of Germany

**German districts** () are  

administrative units used in Germany for local government. 

The districts are in between the  (German states) and the local / municipal levels (). They are not to be confused with the larger . 

Their equivalent in other nations is the county or arrondissement. 

## Types of districts
Most of the districts are rural districts ().  There are 295 *Landkreise*. 

Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants (and smaller towns in some states) are not usually part of a district, but do the work of a district themselves. These are known as urban districts ( or *Stadtkreise*)  The equivalent in the United Kingdom is a unitary authority, they do the work of a town and a county.  There are 107 of these Kreisfreie Städte.

This makes a total of 402 districts.

In North Rhine-Westphalia, there are some cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants which are not urban districts, for example Iserlohn, Recklinghausen, Siegen, Paderborn, Bergisch Gladbach, Witten and Neuss. These cities belong to a district, but still do so the districts jobs themselves, as though they were independent.

## Responsibilities
The districts are responsible for the following:

* according to federal and regional laws:
** the building and upkeep of B roads
** other building plans which cover more than one local authority's area
** caring for national parks
** social welfare
** youth welfare
** the building and upkeep of hospitals
** the building and upkeep of state institutes of secondary education
** household waste collection and disposal
** car registration
** electing the  or , the chairperson of the district

* according to local laws: (differ in each region)
** financial support for culture
** the building of pedestrian zones and bicycle lanes
** financial support for school exchanges
** the building and upkeep of public libraries
** revitalisation of the economy
** encouraging tourism
** the management of  (state run adult education colleges)

All these tasks are carried out by local (municipal) authorities operating together. Urban districts have these responsibilities and also those of the municipalities.

## District council
The district council, the , is the legislative body of the district and is responsible for local self-administration. The parliament is elected every five years, except in Bavaria where it is elected every six years.

## District administration
The person in charge of the district's government is the  or . In parts of northern Germany, this is also the name of the district administration, in southern Germany it is known as *Kreisverwaltung*.

## Related pages
* List of German districts
* List of German urban districts
* List of German rural districts
Rural districts of Germany

Germany is divided into 401 administrative districts. There are 294 **rural districts** (), listed here. There are also 107 urban districts ('** / **') listed in List of German urban districts.

Urban districts are large towns or cities which handle their own local government. Rural districts provide services for the smaller towns and villages in an area. In some states the towns and villages in a district are joined into ämter (although "amt" is not always the name used). This is because the towns and villages in the area are too small to provide the local services (for example fire brigade or cemeteries). If the "Amt" system is used towns or settlements might be "amtfrei" that is, not part of an amt because the town can handle its own local affairs.

In some states there is another level of government, the Regierungsbezirk or governmental district. Several urban and rural districts are joined to make a regierungsbezirk, which does some of their jobs, especially things like land-use planning which can affect several districts.

## List
## Related pages
* Districts of Germany
* List of German districts
* Local government of Germany
* Urban districts of Germany
Jack Peñate

**Jack Fabian Peñate** (born 2 September 1984) is a British singer-songwriter and musician, of English and Spanish heritage. He is signed to XL Recordings, the record label. Well known for his soulful ska-fuelled songs and eccentric dancing whilst on stage, his live performance has received some very high praise. He attended Alleyn's School and spent one year at University College London studying Classics before leaving to start his musical career. He performs with friends and band members Joel Porter (bass) and Alex Robins (drums).

## Discography 
**Singles:**
* 2006: "Second, Minute or Hour" (original release)
* 2007: "Spit At Stars"
* 2007: "Torn On The Platform" **UK #7, UK Indie #1**
* 2007: "Second, Minute or Hour" – 24 September 2007 **UK #17, UK Indie #1**
* 2007: "Have I Been A Fool" – 10 December 2007 **UK #73, UK Indie #3**

**Albums:**
* 2007: *Matinée* – 8 October 2007 **UK #7**, **UK Independent Label Albums #1**

## Other websites
* Official website 
* *The Sun* article 
* Jack Penate: Matinee Review  – MnGR
Administrative divisions of Germany

This is a **list of the administrative divisions of Germany**. It includes the *Kreise*/*Landkreise* as well as the *kreisfreie Städte*. The list is sorted alphabetically, by state.
Upper Egypt

**Upper Egypt** is a narrow strip of land on both sides of the  Nile that extends from modern-day Aswan to the area south of modern-day Cairo. The northern part of Upper Egypt, between El-Aiyat and Asyut is sometimes called Middle Egypt.

Upper Egypt was known as *Ta Shemau*  which means "the land of reeds." It was divided into twenty-two districts called nomes. The first nome was roughly where modern Aswan is and the twenty-second was at modern Atfih (Aphroditopolis), just to the south of Cairo.

For most of pharaonic Egypt's history Thebes was the administrative centre of Upper Egypt. 

Upper Egypt was represented by the tall White Crown *Hedjet*, and its symbol was the flowering lotus.

It is in this region that the Arab Bedouin were installed before settling between Tunisia and eastern Algeria (Constantinois)

## Related pages
*Nomes of Egypt
*Egypt
*Ancient Egypt

## References
* Ermann, Johann Peter Adolf; Hermann Grapow, eds., *Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache*
* *The Encyclopedia Americana* Grolier Incorporated, 1988
* Katheryn A. Bard, *Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt*, Routledge 1999
* Michel Chauveau, *Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society Under the Ptolemies*, Cornell University Press 2000
* Ann Rosalie David, *The Egyptian Kingdoms*, Elsevier Phaidon 1975

## Footnotes
Brandenburg an der Havel

**Brandenburg an der Havel** () (Upper Sorbian: *Branibor*, Low German: *Brannenborg an de Havel*) is a town in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. It is on the banks of the Havel river. Population: 74,129 (December 31, 2005).

The town of Brandenburg is less known than the state of Brandenburg: But the state is named after the town, and so is the medieval Bishopric of Brandenburg, the Margravate of Brandenburg. Today it is a small town compared to nearby Berlin, but once it was the start of the countries of Brandenburg and Prussia.

## History 
Brandenburg was only on western bank of the Havel until 1196. But even after that year the parts on either side of the river were regarded as two different towns (Old and New Brandenburg) for centuries.

In 1314 the two towns joined the Hanseatic League. In the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) the towns were robbed and destroyed. Potsdam became the new capital, and the Royal Court left the town of Brandenburg. In 1715 the two halves of the town were merged to form a single town.

The concentration camp Brandenburg-Görden was in Görden, a suburb of Brandenburg, during the years of Nazi Germany.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall the population dropped from over 100,000 in 1989 down to roughly 75,000 in 2005 through emigration. The migration mainly affects the young people and thus the future of the city is uncertain.

## References 
## Other websites
Earl Hooker

**Earl Hooker** (born January 15, 1929 in Clarksdale, Mississippi; died April 21, 1970 in Chicago, Illinois) was an American blues guitarist.

## Life and career
### Early life 
Earl Hooker was born **Earl Zebedee Hooker** in Clarksdale, Mississippi. He taught himself to play guitar around the age of 10 and began going to the Lyon & Healy Music School in 1941 soon after.

### Teen life 
While a teen, Hooker played on Chicago street corners, sometimes with Bo Diddley. He also became friends with slide guitarist Robert Nighthawk, which led to Hooker playing slide guitar and some performances with Nighthawk's group outside of Chicago.

### First band 
In 1949, Hooker moved to Memphis, joined Ike Turner's band, and played in the South.

Hooker made his first recordings mainly 78 rpm and 45 rpm records in 1952 and 1953 for small labels Rockin', King, and Sun. Hooker spent most of the '60s playing in Chicago clubs with his band.

### First album 
In 1969 he recorded an album, ''Hooker 'n Steve*, with organist Steve “Mr. Blues” Miller for Arhoolie Records. Hooker also played slide guitar on the 1962 Muddy Waters recording "You Shook Me". The 1970 album *Sweet Black Angel'', co-producer Ike Turner contain songs "I Feel Good", "Drivin' Wheel", "Country and Western", "Boogie", Don't Blot! "Shuffle", "Catfish Blues", "Crosscut Saw", "Sweet Home Chicago", "Mood", and "Funky Blues".

## Death 
Earl Hooker died at the age of 41 from tuberculosis. He is buried in the Restvale Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois. His story was told in a 2001 book by author Sebastian Danchin titled *Earl Hooker, Blues Master*.

## Discography
## References
Lower Egypt

**Lower Egypt** is the fertile Nile Delta region, which stretches from the area between El-Aiyat and Zawyet Dahshur, south of modern-day Cairo, and the Mediterranean Sea.

Lower Egypt was known as *Ta-Mehu* which means "land of papyrus." It was divided into twenty districts called nomes. Lower Egypt was mostly undeveloped scrubland, undeveloped for human life and filled with all types of plant life such as grasses and herbs.

The climate in Lower Egypt is milder than that of Upper Egypt. Temperatures are less extreme and there is more rainfall.

The capital of Lower Egypt was Buto. Its patron goddess was the cobra goddess Wadjet. Lower Egypt was represented by the Low Red Crown *Deshret*, and its symbol was the papyrus.

## Related pages
*Upper Egypt
*Nomes of Egypt
*Ancient Egypt
Scrubland

**Scrubland** is plant community with scrub vegetation. "Scrub" means low shrubs, mixed with grasses, herbs, and geophytes.   

Scrublands are sometimes known as heathlands. Scrublands may develop naturally or as result of human activity. They may be the mature vegetation type in a particular region and remain stable over time, or a transitional community that occurs temporarily as the result of a disturbance, such as a **major fire**.  

The mediterranean scruband of southern France, mainly Biterrois, was studied by André Lopez-Moncet and Francis Marcou and discovered that the most demonstrative animals, flowers and invertebrates are located.https://faune-flore-languedocienne.alwaysdata.net/garrigue/garrigue.html
Regierungsbezirk

A ***Regierungsbezirk*** is a government region of Germany in some federal states (*Bundesländer*). 

*Regierungsbezirke* are divided into districts (*Kreise*), either *Landkreise* or urban districts: cities which constitute a district in their own right (*kreisfreie Städte*). The *Regierungsbezirk* is governed by a *Bezirksregierung* and led by a *Regierungspräsident*.

Not all *Bundesländer* have this sub-division; some are directly divided into districts. Currently, five states are divided into 22 *Regierungsbezirke*, ranging in population from 5,255,000 (Düsseldorf) to 1,065,000 (Gießen):

* Baden-Württemberg: Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, Tübingen
* Bavaria: Oberbayern, Niederbayern, Oberpfalz, Oberfranken, Mittelfranken, Unterfranken, Schwaben
* Hesse: Darmstadt, Gießen, Kassel
* North Rhine-Westphalia: Arnsberg, Cologne, Detmold, Düsseldorf, Münster
* Saxony: Chemnitz, Dresden, Leipzig

## History 
The first *Regierungsbezirke* were created by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1808/16, which divided its provinces into 25 *Regierungsbezirke*. The *Regierungsbezirke* of North Rhine-Westphalia are in direct continuation of those created in 1815. Other states of the German Empire created similar entities, named *Kreishauptmannschaft* (in Saxony) or *Kreis* (in Bavaria and Württemberg) (not to be confused with the *Kreis* or *Landkreis* today). During the Third Reich, the Nazi government unified the naming; since then all these entities are called *Regierungsbezirk*.

On January 1 2000 Rhineland-Palatinate disbanded its three *Regierungsbezirke* Koblenz, Rheinhessen-Pfalz and Trier - the employees and assets of the three *Bezirksregierungen* were converted into three public authorities responsible for the whole state, each covering a part of the former responsibilities of the *Bezirksregierung*.

On January 1, 2004, Saxony-Anhalt disbanded its three *Regierungsbezirke*: Dessau, Halle and Magdeburg. The responsibilities are now covered by a *Landesverwaltungsamt* with three offices at the former seats of the *Bezirksregierungen*. 

On January 1, 2005, Lower Saxony disbanded its four *Regierungsbezirke*: Braunschweig, Hanover, Lüneburg, and Weser-Ems.

In 2005, North Rhine-Westphalia planned to abolish its five *Regierungsbezirke* and create three self-government entities. The old, "Prussian-style", Regierungsbezirk had no self-government organs.
Tseax River Cone

The **Tseax River Cone** (also known as **Aiyansh Volcano**) is a cinder cone in British Columbia, Canada. The volcano and the area around it are protected as a provincial park called the Nisga'a Memorial Lava Beds Provincial Park. 

In the 18th century it caused the death of about 2000 people.

## References
Mike Dirnt

**Mike Dirnt** (born **Ryan Pritchard** on May 4, 1960 or 1963, in Berkeley, California) is the bass guitar player from the punk rock band Green Day, he also sings back up vocals.

## Personal life 
Dirnt was adopted. His adoptive parents divorced when he was 7, and both are now remarried. Dirnt owns a restaurant in California called "Rudy's Can't Fail Cafe". He married his long time girlfriend Anastasia in 1996 and their daughter, Estella-Desiree, "Stella", was born in April 1997. He recently was remarried in 2004, however his wife left him because he spent too much time in the studio recording American Idiot.  Dirnt lives in Oakland, California.
Tré Cool

**Tré Cool** (born **Frank Edwin Wright III** on December 9, 1960 or 1963) is an American drummer for the punk band Green Day.

## Appearance 
He has red hair and blue eyes. 

## Personal life 
He has two children, Ramona, born January 1995 to ex-wife, Lisea Lyons; Frankito ("Little Frank"), born 2001 to Claudia. Tré grew up with his father and 2 siblings. He dated The Donnas drummer Torry Castellano in 2003, they then separated in mid 2005. Tre' Cool is currently single.

## References
Flora family

The **Flora family** of asteroids is a big group of S-type asteroids in the closer part of the main belt, whose origin and properties are not well understood right now. About 4-5% of all main belt asteroids belong to this family.

Because of its poorly defined edges, and the location of Flora itself near the edge, this asteroid group has also sometimes been called the **Ariadne family**, when Flora did not make it into the group during an analysis (e.g. the WAM analysis by Zappala 1995).

## Characteristics
The biggest member is 8 Flora, which mesures 140 km in diameter, and takes up about 80% of the total family mass. Nevertheless, the parent body was almost for sure destroyed by the impact/s that made the family, and Flora is probably a gravitational aggregate of most of the pieces. 43 Ariadne makes up much of the remaining mass (about a further 9%, with the remaining family members being fairly small, below 30 km in diameter.

## Unrelated asteroids
Because of the high background density of asteroids in this part of space, one might expect that a great number of asteroids unrelated to the collision that made the family would be present. However, few have been found. This is because unrelated asteroids are hard to distinguish from family members because the family is of the same spectral type (S) that dominates the closer main belt overall. The few unrelated asteroids that have been found are all small (Florczak *et al.* 1998, and also by inspection of the PDS asteroid taxonomy data set  for non S-type members.) They include 298 Baptistina, 422 Berolina, 2093 Genichesk, 2259 Sofievka (the biggest, with a 21 km diameter), 2952 Liliputia, 3533 Toyota, 3850 Peltier, 3875 Staehle, 4278 Harvey, 4396 Gressmann, and 4750 Mukai.

## References 
* V. Zappalà, Ph. Bendjoya, A. Cellino, P. Farinella and C. Froeschlé, *Asteroid Families: Search of a 12,487-Asteroid Sample Using Two Different Clustering Techniques *, Icarus, Volume 116, Issue 2 (August 1995), pages 291-314
* M. Florczak *et al.* *A Visible Spectroscopic Survey of the Flora Clan*, Icarus Vol. 133, p. 233 (1998).
* PDS asteroid taxonomy data set 
* S.J. Bus and R.P. Binzel, *Phase II of the Small Main-Belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey*, Icarus Vol. 158, p. 106 (2002). Data set online here .
* D. Nesvorný *et al.* *The Flora Family: A Case of the Dynamically Dispersed Collisional Swarm?*, Icarus, Vol. 157, p. 155 (2002).
* AstDys site . Proper elements for 96944 numbered minor planets.
* P. Tanga *et al.* *On the Size Distribution of Asteroid Families: The Role of Geometry*, Icarus, Vol. 141, p. 65 (1999).
* J. Veverka *et al.* ''Galileo's Encounter with 951 Gaspra: Overview'', Icarus, Vol. 107, p. 2 (1994).
List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants

This is a **list of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants**.

The following table lists all towns in Germany that currently have a population greater than 100,000. The federal capital is shown in yellow, state capitals (except Schwerin, which does not meet the list rules because it is too small) in light blue.
__NOTOC__

## List 
Where a city has different names in English and German, the English name is given first.

## References 
* Kaiserliches Statistisches Amt (Hrsg.): *Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich*, 1880-1918 
* Statistisches Reichsamt (Hrsg.): *Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich*, 1919-1941/42 
* Deutscher Städtetag (Hrsg.): *Statistisches Jahrbuch Deutscher Gemeinden*, 1890 ff. 
* Statistisches Bundesamt (Hrsg.): *Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland*, 1952 ff. 
* Staatliche Zentralverwaltung für Statistik (Hrsg.): *Statistisches Jahrbuch der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik*, 1955-1989 

## Related pages 
*List of German towns

## Other websites 
* Statistisches Bundesamt - Gemeindeverzeichnis 
* Deutscher Städtetag  
* Germany by Map: All cities and communes
IG Farben

]]

**IG Farben** (short for Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie
AG), was a group of German chemical companies formed in 1925.  *Farben* is German for "paints", "dyes", or "colors". 

Initially most of these companies produced dyes, but soon began to do more advanced chemistry. The founding of IG Farben was a reaction to Germany's defeat in World War I. IG Farben held a near total monopoly on chemical production. 

IG was the company which produced chemical weapons which were available to the Wehrmacht in WWII. These included nerve gases which were never used against the allied armies for the reason that the Allies were though to have the same capability. However, Zyklon B was used in the Holocaust to murder Jewish prisoners. The SS was an authorized applier of the chemical.
   
## References
Sukarno

**Sukarno** (6 June 1901 - 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. He helped the country win its independence from the Netherlands. He was President from 1945 to 1967, presiding with mixed success over the country's rough switch to independence. Sukarno was forced to resign by one of his generals, Suharto. Suharto formally became President in March 1967.

The spelling "Sukarno" has been official in Indonesia since 1947. It is still common to see the older spelling **Soekarno**, mainly because he signed his name with the old spelling. Official Indonesian presidential decrees from 1947 - 1968, however, printed his name using the 1947 spelling.

Indonesians also remember him as '''*Bung* Karno** or ***Pak* Karno'''. Like many Javanese people, he had only one name; in religious contexts, he was occasionally referred to as 'Achmad Sukarno'.

## References 
|-
Mettembert

**Mettembert** is a municipality in the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Montsevelier

**Montsevelier** was a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Montsevelier, Vermes and Vicques merged into the new municipality of Val Terbi.

## Other websites
Rebeuvelier

**Rebeuvelier** was a municipality in Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat became part of the municipality of Courrendlin.

## References 
## Other websites
Screamo

**Screamo** is a musical genre which came from both emo and hardcore punk in the mid 1990s. This genre usually consists of minor chord progressions on guitar with both dissonance and reverb, the time signatures used are usually not in 4/4 instead bands and artists use less used time signatures to create a more tense feel, This genre has both a mellow and chaotic feel to it. The vocals are usually high-pitched screams and lyrics are often poetic or political.
An example of some Screamo bands include Saetia, Orchid, Circle Takes the Square, Envy, pageninetynine, and Thursday.

## References
## Other websites
* Screamo at All Music Guide
Comcast

**Comcast Corporation** is the biggest cable television company, the second biggest Internet service provider and the third-biggest telephone company in the United States.

## History
In 2007, Comcast was accused of bandwidth throttling, or the provider slowing the Internet connection they have, by its customers. The FCC has launched an investigation regarding the situation.

On January 28, 2011, Comcast bought 51 percent of NBCUniversal (owner of NBC and Universal Studios) from General Electric, but Comcast owns 51 percent of NBCUniversal while General Electric remains 49 percent of NBCUniversal until 2013. In March 2013, Comcast completed the purchase by acquiring the remaining 49 percent of NBCUniversal from General Electric.

In February 2014, Comcast settled a deal to purchase the second-largest cable television provider, Time Warner Cable for US$45 billion.

On April 28, 2016, Comcast NBCUniversal announced that it would acquire DreamWorks Animation for $3.8 billion. The Comcast NBCUniversal-DreamWorks Animation acquisition was completed on August 22, 2016.
## Business
Comcast offers cable TV, High Speed Internet, telephone and home security. Their products are branded as Xfinity.

Comcast has launched their own streaming service called Peacock. It has many movies and TV shows made by NBC and Universal, as well as those made by companies that they own, such as DreamWorks they own Classic Media (CM's subsidiaries are Bullwinkle and Harvey together) and Illumination.

## References
## Other websites
* www.comcast.com
* www.comcast.net
* www.cmcsk.com
Aeolian Islands

The **Aeolian Islands** is an archipelago north of Sicilly. There are seven islands. The islands are of volcanic origin. About 13,000 people live on the islands, which belong to Italy.

The biggest of the islands is *Lipari*. For this reason, the islands are also known as **Lipari islands**. There are two active volcanoes on these islands, called Stromboli and Vulcano. Stromboli is the only volcano that is active all the time. The volcano on Vulcan is called *Grande Fossa*. It is dormant or slightly active. It is considered to be one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Europe.

The islands have been inhabited since the Stone Age. They were important for the obsidian that can be found there.

Monte dei Porri volcano from Monte Fossa delle Felci on Salina Aeolian Islands Italy.jpg|Monte Fossa
Eolie.jpg|The Aeolian Islands: standing on Vulcano, Lipari in the middle, Salina at the left, Panarea at the right
List of victims of Nazism

Millions of people were arrested, tortured or murdered by the Nazis. This is a **list of victims of Nazism** who were famous for some reason.

This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, lost their lives as a result of Nazism. This list includes those whose deaths were part of The Holocaust as well as people who died in other ways at the hands of the Nazis during World War II. People who died in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the National Socialists or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

This list is sorted by occupation and within by nationality.

## Literature and publishing 
## Theatre and film 
## Visual arts and design 
## Music 
*See also: List of composers influenced by the Holocaust*

## Humanities 
## Mathematics 
## Natural sciences 
## Medicine, psychology, paedagogy 
## Law, business 
## Theology, spirituality, religion 
## Sport 
## Politics, resistance 
## Military
Volcanology

erupting in 1872.]]
In geology, **volcanology** (also spelled **vulcanology**) is the part of geology that studies volcanoes, lava, magma, and other related things. The term *volcanology* comes from the Latin word *vulcan*, the Roman god of fire.  

A **volcanologist** is a person who studies volcanoes and their eruptions. Volcanologists visit volcanoes often, especially active ones. This makes it a dangerous science. They analyze physical and chemical variations related to historical and current activity of the volcanoes.  

Volcanologists look at volcanic eruptions, collect material from the eruptions, such as ash or pumice, rock and lava samples. 

## Other websites 
* Area Vesuvio 
* European Volcanological Society
* United States Geologic Survey- Volcanic Hazards Program
* Volcano Live- What is a volcanologist? 
* VolcanoWorld- How to become a volcanologist
Caló language

**Caló** is a dialect spoken by the Gitanos or Zincarli (also *calés*, "dark ones") that came to Spain. Caló uses Romani vocabulary with Spanish grammar,
 as Spanish Roma lost the full use of their ancestral language. The language is mainly used for private talking between Roma people.

## Notes and references 
## Other websites 
*Calo
*Romani Language
Industrialisation

foundries. It provided water to power the bellows for the blast furnaces, and the turning and grinding machines. The railway viaduct was built in 186264, and still carries trains taking coal to the Ironbridge power station.]]

 (at purchasing power parity) per head between 1500 and 1950 in 1990 equivalent dollars for selected nations. ]]

**Industrialisation** (or **industrialization**) is a process that happens in countries when they start to use machines to do work that was once done by people. Industrialisation changes the things people do. Industrialisation caused towns to grow larger. Many people left farming to take higher paid jobs in factories in towns.

Industrialisation is part of a process where people adopt easier and cheaper ways to make things. Using better technology, it becomes possible to produce more goods in a shorter amount of time. More things can be produced by fewer people. 

After industrialisation people also do more specialised jobs. For example before industrialisation, a cobbler made the whole shoe. He worked on one pair of shoes, finished that, and then did the next pair of shoes. Industrial shoemaking involves many people in making shoes in a factory. An individual worker has a smaller task, however. One person cuts the sole of the shoe. Another person stitches it on. In short there is division of labour. They make even more shoes when they use cutting machines, sewing machines and other special machines. The factory may be owned by a rich person who can afford the machines, or by a company.

Industrialisation started in England with the industrial revolution in the 18th century. It spread first to parts of Europe, and to North America. In the 20th century industrialisation spread to most other countries.

## Related pages 
*Industrial revolution
*Urbanization

## References