open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Inch

The **inch** is a unit of length in the Imperial system and the United States customary system. The abbreviation for inches is **in** or **"**. There are 12&nbsp;inches in a foot. One inch is equal to 2.54&nbsp;centimetres.

The word "inch" came from Middle English *unche*, which came from Old English *ynce*, from Latin *uncia* meaning "a twelfth part".

An **inch** (symbol: in or ″) is a fundamental unit of length in the imperial and United States customary measurement systems. While most of the world has adopted the metric system, inches remain the standard for many applications in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

## History 
The inch was originally defined as 3 barleycorns. The inch was finally standardised in the International Yard and Pound Treaty in 1959 between the United States, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The international yard was made equal to 0.9144 metres. From this, subdivisions and multiples of the yard were specifically defined.

## Usage 
In Britain and the United States, people use inches more than they use millimetres or centimetres. In the rest of the world, international units are almost always used. The inch is not used by scientists.

In the United Kingdom, road signs that show how high a vehicle can be in order to pass through a tunnel are required to be in feet and inches. Theme parks and drive thru signs usually show it in metres. People regularly measure their height in feet and inches. Official medical records, however, are required to record people's height in metric measurements only.

In Canada, a mix of centimetres and inches are used in height. Older generations, especially, use Imperial units. A lot of exposure to Americanized phrases leads to younger generations often having a good understanding of both the Imperial and metric systems.

In the United States, height is always in feet and inches. Science is the only field to use metric measurements.

Other Commonwealth countries, including Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Jamaica use inches to varying degrees. From every day use to exclusively the older community.

## Length
Italian

The word **Italian** may mean:
*Anything related to the country of Italy
**Italians, people of Italy
**Italian cuisine, food of Italy
**Italian language
Italians

**Italians** ( ) are a Romance ethnic group native to the Italian peninsula. Italians have a common culture, history, ancestry and language.

## References
Pint

The **pint** (abbreviated **pt**) is a unit of volume in imperial units and United States customary units. There are three types of pints used in different countries. An imperial pint and US pint both equal  of a quart and  of a gallon.

An imperial fluid ounce is approximately 4% smaller than a US fluid ounce although an imperial pint has 4 more fluid ounces than a US pint, making an imperial pint approximately 20% larger than a US pint.

## Imperial Pint
The imperial pint is the pint used in England, Canada, Ireland, and Burma. The unit may appear in other Commonwealth. Confusion in Canada often arises as liquids are occasionally sold in U.S. pints, near the border, although the official and only pint that is legal in Canada is the imperial pint. The imperial system has no dry pint and volume in dry units, since solid objects are measured by mass. 1 imperial pint equals 568,261.25&nbsp;mm3.

An imperial fluid ounce is approximately 4% smaller than a US fluid ounce although an imperial pint has 4 more fluid ounces than a US pint, making an imperial pint approximately 20% larger than a US pint.

## US Wet Pint
The US wet pint, or more commonly 'pint', is the unit used to measure volume in the United States. It is more common than the dry pint which is used for non-liquid volume measurements. 1 US pint is exactly equal to 473,176.473&nbsp;mm3, defined by the international yard and pound agreement.

## US Dry Pint
The US dry pint was a unit used for measuring the volume of solid objects instead of mass or quantity.

## Usage
* The wet U.S. pint is still commonly used in the United States.
* In Canada, it is commonly used for alcohol although a pint can vary from 12 fl oz to 20 fl oz and is sometimes incorrectly given in US fl oz.
* In England and Ireland, only milk and pure ethanol are sold in pints; however, milk must have litres next to pints.
* In England, milk is often sold in metric quantities near to imperial pints.
ISO 19011

**ISO 19011** is the new global accounting standard, replacing accounting standards that were part of ISO 14001 and ISO 9001.  It is the most likely basis for accounting reform which could put an end to accounting scandals.

The standard offers four resources to organizations to "save time, effort and money":

* A clear explanation of the principles of management systems auditing.
* Guidance on the management of audit programs.
* Guidance on the conduct of internal or external audits.
* Advice on the competence and evaluation of auditors.
Insult

An **insult** is a description of someone that will offend them. It may or may not be true. It is called *derogatory* language. Terms like foolish, stupid, idiot and moron are insults, because they say that a person's mind is not quick or smart.

Insulting someone's mother directly is a serious insult in many cultures.

Ritual insults are part of many cultures. For example, they can be found in sports and military training. They are also very common in jargons. For example, the word *newbie* is a part of net jargon. Calling someone a newbie is usually insulting.

One should be very careful when using new words to describe others.

## Reason
Usually, someone insults others because they want to feel like they are better or have more power (influence) than the people they insult. They may want this because they are actually afraid that they are worse or less powerful than the people they are insulting.

## Effects
When someone is insulted, their pride is hurt. They may want to fight back by insulting the person who insulted them, or by telling someone who is older.
Immunology

**Immunology** is the study of the **immune system**. The immune system is the parts of the body which work against infection and parasitism by other living things. Immunology deals with the working of the immune system in health and diseases, and with malfunctions of the immune system.

An immune system is present in all plants and animals. We know this because biologists have found genes coding for toll-like receptors in many different metazoans. These toll-like receptors can recognise bacteria as 'foreign', and are the starting-point for immune reactions. The type of immunity which is triggered by the toll-like receptors is called innate immunity. This is because it is entirely inherited in our genome, and is fully working as soon as our tissues and organs are properly developed.

Vertebrates, *and only vertebrates*, have a second type of immunity. This is called adaptive immunity, because it 'remembers' previous infections. Then, if the same infection occurs again, the reaction is much stronger and faster. This immunological memory "confers a tremendous survival advantage" and with it vertebrates "can survive over a long lifetime in a pathogen-filled environment".

In the 18th century, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis made experiments with scorpion venom and observed that certain dogs and mice were immune to this venom. This and other observations of acquired immunity led to Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) developing vaccination and the germ theory of disease. Pasteur's theory was in direct opposition to contemporary theories of disease, such as the miasma theory. It was not until the proofs Robert Koch (1843–1910) published in 1891 (for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905) that microorganisms were confirmed as the cause of infectious disease. Viruses were confirmed as human pathogens in 1901, when the yellow fever virus was discovered by Walter Reed (1851–1902).

Immunology made a great advance towards the end of the 19th century, through rapid developments, in the study of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Particularly important was the work of Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), who proposed the side-chain theory to explain the specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction. The Nobel Prize for 1908 was jointly awarded to Ehrlich and the founder of cellular immunology, Ilya Mechnikov (1845–1916).

The simplest form of immunity is the DNA restriction system in bacteria that prevents infection by bacteriophages.

## References 
## Related pages 
* Lymphatic system
* White blood cell
Jargon

**Jargon** is a special way to use words that are shared only by a certain group of people.  They may not mean what the dictionary says they mean.  They have different meanings to the people using them than their everyday meaning.

For example, the ordinary words *boot*, *net*, and *web* also have special meanings for users of computers, the Internet, and the World Wide Web.  These, and to flame, to ping and many acronyms are part of net jargon.

An *acronym* means that only some of the letters in the word or phrase are used.  Often this is the first letter of each word. Other acronyms found online are simply common shorthand.

Usually, more jargon is created over time.

Jargon is common in the military and other complex organisations. It includes phrases like SNAFU.

Jargon can be used by a clique to prevent others from joining or understanding, but it also is often just used because it is shorter.
King

of the Kingdom of France. He is the longest reigning king and monarch to have ever lived]]
A **king** is usually a male monarch who rules a country or territory which is a monarchy. The person usually inherits the title and position. A king comes to power when the previous monarch dies, who is usually a family member of his, most likely a parent. Sometimes a person may become king due to the previous monarch's abdication, for example George VI (who became King of Britain after his brother decided to abdicate).  

If a country has a king or a queen, that means it is a monarchy. A country which a king or queen rules is called a kingdom. 

For most of history, most countries were ruled in this way, especially in Europe. However, most countries, such as France, decided to become republics. Some, such as the United Kingdom, still have a royal family. In some countries, people chose a new king from other people to decide from. 

The wife of a king is called a queen. A woman who becomes a ruler because of inheritance is also called a queen. 

If there is a queen without a husband she might be inducted as the king in certain monarchies in Africa and Europe. Her Royal Majesty Queen Diambi is the current female king of the Bakwa Luntu People of Central Kasaï, in the Democratic Republic of Congo. 

In historic Ireland there were clans and dynasties. Niall of the nine hostages was a famous king of Ireland.

Shah (Persian: شاه) is a Persian word which means the king or ruler of a country. The term "Shah" often means Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran from 1949 to 1979. 

Some modern kings today include Charles III of the United Kingdom and Felipe VI of Spain.

## Related pages
* Shah
* Emperor
* Prince
* Queen
* Princess
* Sultan
* Duke
Kauai

**Kauai** ('''Kaua'i''' in Hawaiian) is the second oldest (after Ni'ihau) and fourth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands, in the United States. Known also as the "Garden Isle", Kaua'i lies 73 miles (117 kilometers) across the Kauai Channel, northwest of Honolulu on Oahu. It is of volcanic origin. The highest point on the island is Kawaikini. It is located  above sea level. The wettest spot on Earth, with average rainfall of  a year, is just east of Mount Waialeale. The high yearly rainfall has eroded deep valleys and canyons in the central mountain. The waterfalls that have been created by erosion in canyons are now popular tourist spots.

The city of Lihue, on the island's southeast side, is the seat of Kauai County. It has a population of around 6,500, and is the main city on the island. Waimea, which is located on the island's southwest side and the first capital of Kauai, was the first place visited by Englishexplorer Captain James Cook in 1778. It was also the first capital of Kauai. The city is at the head of one of the most beautiful canyons in the world, Waimea Canyon, whose gorge is 900 meters (3,000 feet) deep.

The island of Kauai was featured in Disney's 2002 animated movie *Lilo & Stitch*.

Lihue Airport is the only commercial airport on the island. There are two other general aviation airports on the island: Port Allen Airport, and Princeville Airport.
Kahoʻolawe

**Kahoolawe** is the smallest of the eight main volcanic islands of Hawaii.  It is west of Maui and south of Lanai.  It is roughly 11 miles long by  across (). The highest point, Lua Makika, is  above sea level. The island is dry because its low elevation does not cause much rain  to fall from the northeastern trade winds.

Kahoolawe was used as a gunfire and bombing target by the United States military during World War II.  It was a defense training area for the United States Navy from around 1941 until May 1994.  Popular opinion in the state against this practice brought the end to this use. The Navy has since been trying to cleanup unexploded bombs and explosive shells from the island.  Explosives are still buried or lying on the ground. Other items have washed down gullies and still other unexploded ordnance is underwater offshore. In 1981, the entire island was included on the National Register of Historic Places.

The island is planned to be given back to the Hawaiian people.  In 1993, the U.S. Congress passed a law that "recognized the cultural importance of the island, required the Navy to return the island to the State, and directed the Navy to do an unexploded ordnance  cleanup and environmental restoration" The turnover officially occurred on November 11, 2003, but the cleanup has not yet been completed. The U.S. Navy was given $400 million and 10 years to complete the large cleanup task, but this work has gone much slower than planned.

After the cleanup is finished, the restoration of Kahoolawe will need ways to control erosion, restore the plant life, recharge the water table, and slowly replace alien plants with native ones. Plans will include methods for damming gullies and reducing rainwater runoff. Non-natives will temporarily stabilize some areas before the permanent planting of native plants.

## Other websites 
*http://www.state.hi.us/kirc/main/home.htm
Killing

**Killing** a living thing is when someone or something ends that life and makes the living thing die. It means causing a death. When a human being kills another human being, it is called murder or homicide, such as manslaughter.  

Pesticides and herbicides are poisons for killing bad wild small animals or plants, respectively.

When a soldier kills another in war, it is called "combat".  When the state kills a convict sentenced to capital punishment, it is called execution. When someone kills a  powerful person it is called assassination. When a person who wants to die kills themself it is suicide, or euthanasia if killed by another. When people kill other people to eat them, it is called cannibalism.

## Related pages 
* Death
* Murder
* Suicide
* Manslaughter
Kilometre

The **kilometre** is a common unit used for longer distances on Earth. The international unit for measuring distances is the metre and a kilometre is 1000 metres. It is used in most countries for measuring road and sea distances. In the UK and the USA, the statute mile is used more than kilometres for road distances and the nautical mile for sea distances.

It is often used to measure the speed of cars, planes and boats by saying how many kilometres it can travel in an hour. This is shown as km/h.

It is also spelled **kilometer**. This spelling is used in American English.

One kilometre is 0.6214 miles (1093 yards or 3280.84 feet). This means that one mile is 1.6093 kilometres.

One kilometre is the approximate distance a healthy adult human being can walk in ten minute

A kilometer is sometimes called a **klick**

## Related pages
* Yard (unit of length)
Leisure

**Leisure** (or **free time**) is when a person can choose what to do. During a person's leisure time, they do not have an obligation to be at school or work at a job. During leisure time, people can do  activities, family activities, or other non-work activities, such as hobbies.  

Common forms of recreation or leisure are:

* Playing sports, such as football or hockey
* Playing games, such as chess or cards
* Exercising (e.g. running or lifting weights)
* Watching television and movies
* Listening to music
* Hobbies, such as playing piano or guitar, knitting, or sewing
* Travelling
* Reading
* Drawing
* Painting
* Meditating

A vacation or holiday is one example of a setting that is specifically for leisure. During vacation, some people travel to a different region or country and stay at a hotel so that they can do things they could not do near home. Other people prefer to spend their vacation time at home in their own community.

In rich industrialized countries such as the US and Canada as well as in most European countries, workers are allowed to stay home on the weekend (usually Saturday and Sunday) and use it as leisure time. People in underdeveloped countries usually have less leisure time, as they have to work longer hours and more days per year.
Live

**Live** can be a verb. It rhymes with "give". "To live" means "to be alive" (and it is not dead). If you live, then you have life.
  
It can be used in a general way: 
*"I live in London". 
*"I live in a house". 
*"A person can always live in fear". 

**Live** can be an adjective. It rhymes with "five".
*In television, a "live" program is one where what is happening can be seen at the same time as it is happening. Sports program are usually "live". 
*In music, If a CD is a "live recording" it means a recording which was made at a concert with an audience present. If it is not a live recording it may be a recording made in a studio.
**Live album
*"Live" can also mean "full of energy" or simply "happening now". Something that is being talked about in the newspapers at the moment can be a "live issue".
List of countries

This is a list of sovereign states. Disputed countries are listed at the bottom.

## Countries 
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### A 
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## Dependencies 
### A 
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## Territorial Claims 
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### C 
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### H 
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Provinces and territories of Canada

Canada is a country and sovereign state in the northern area of North America. It is made up of thirteen administrative divisions: ten provinces and three territories. 

The different levels of government in Canada are based on the principles of a federation: the governments of each province and territory share power with the federal government. The territories' governments have a more limited set of powers than the federal government.

The provinces are in the south of Canada, near the border with the United States. They go from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. The territories are to the north, where fewer people live, close to the Arctic Circle and Arctic Ocean.

Here is a list of the provinces and territories, and their standard abbreviations, with their capitals (the cities where their governments are based) and largest cities. Canada's national capital, where the federal government meets, is Ottawa.
Las Vegas

**Las Vegas** is a city in the American state of Nevada. There were 641,903 people living in the city in 2020, and more than 2,000,000 people living in the metropolitan area. It is the largest city in Nevada. Las Vegas is also the county seat of Clark County.

Las Vegas is famous for its casinos and resort hotels. It is one of the world's most popular places for tourism.

## Politics 
Las Vegas leans to the left. Three of the four congressional districts in Nevada include parts of Las Vegas, and all three congresspeople representing those districts are Democrats from Las Vegas.

## History 
Native Americans were the first to reside in the area, specifically the Paiute tribe. It was first called *Las Vegas* (which means *The Meadows* in the Spanish language) by the Spanish. The city is known for its dry weather, as is the rest of southern Nevada. It is surrounded by desert. 

The US Army built Fort Baker there in 1864. Las Vegas has natural springs, where people used to stop for water when they were going to Los Angeles or other places in California.

In 1905, 110 acres owned by William A. Clark, on which he built a railroad to Southern California were auctioned and Las Vegas was founded as a railroad town. Las Vegas officially became a city in 1911.

The Hispanic population in Las Vegas is growing and has rapidly increased. Most Latino Las Vegas residents are of Mexican, Cuban and Salvadoran descent. Las Vegas also has a small Puerto Rican, Belizean, Guatemalan, Spaniard, Peruvian, Colombian, Honduran, Nicaraguan and Argentine population. The most common European ancestries in Las Vegas are German, Irish, Italian, Polish, French, Scottish, Russian, Swedish, Norwegian, Dutch and Welsh. Filipino, Korean, Vietnamese, Japanese, Indian and Chinese are the most common Asian ancestries.

## People 
There is a Mexican, African-American, Chinese, Greek, German, Korean, Japanese, Armenian, Arab, Italian, Jewish,  Iranian, Croatian, Polish, Filipino, Indian, Ethiopian and Chilean community in Las Vegas.

Las Vegas has a growing Hispanic population. Many Hispanics in Las Vegas are of Mexican, Cuban and Salvadoran ancestry.

Most of the foreign-born population were born in Mexico, the Philippines and El Salvador.

## References
Lanai

**Lanai** (or **Lānaʻi**) is sixth largest of the Hawaiian Islands, in the United States. It is also known as the "Pineapple Island". The island is almost a circle in shape and is 18 miles wide in the longest direction. The land area is 140 sq. miles (367 km2). It is separated from the island of Moloka'i by the Kalohi Channel to the north. To the east, the Au'au Channel separates Lanai from Maui. Billionaire businessman Larry Ellison, founder of Oracle Corporation, owns 98 percent of the island of Lanai. The remaining 2 percent is owned by the state of Hawaii or private smaller landowners.

## History
Lana'i was first seen by Europeans on 25 February 1779 by Captain Clerke, with *HMS Resolution* on the James Cook Pacific Ocean trip. Clerke took command of the ship after Capt. Cook was killed at Kealakekua Bay on February 14, and was leaving the islands for the North Pacific. 

In 1922, Jim Dole, the president of Dole Pineapple Company, bought the island of Lana'i. He made a large part of it into the world's largest pineapple plantation. 

## Tourism
Tourism on Lana'i started not long ago. That was when the growing of pineapple was slowly coming to an end in the Islands. On Lana'i, you can be with nature and feel the mood of the Hawaiian countryside. Not like nearby O'ahu, the only town (Lana'i City) is small. It has no traffic or shopping centers. Tourists come mainly to relax.

There are three hotels on Lana'i and several golf courses.

## References
Leather

**Leather** is the skin of an animal made into a durable material by tanning. The skins of cows, pigs, and goats are often used to make leather. Skins of snakes, alligators or crocodiles, and ostriches are sometimes used to make fancier leather. Shoes, bags, clothes, and balls are often made of leather.  Sometimes people make leather out of whales, ducks, giraffes, and African elephants.  All of these ways of making leather are very simple but some are rare.

## How leather is made 
The way leather is made is divided into three processes. They are preparing the leather, tanning it, and crusting.

In preparing the leather, many things are done to make it ready for tanning. They include soaking it, removing the hair, liming, deliming, bating, bleaching, and pickling.

Tanning is a process that makes the proteins, especially collagen, in the raw hide stable. It increases the thermal and chemical stability of the animal skins. The difference between fresh and tanned animal skin is that fresh animal skin dries to make it hard and stiff. When water is added to it, it becomes bad. But, animal skin that is tanned dries to make it . It does not become bad when water is added to it.

Crusting is a process that makes the leather thin and lubricates it. Chemicals added when crusting must be set in place. Crusting ends with drying and making the leather soft. It may include splitting, shaving, dyeing, whitening or other methods.

## From other animals
Today, most leather is made from the skin of cattle, which makes up about 67% of all the leather made. Other animals that are used include sheep (about 12%), pigs (about 11%), and goats (about 10%).

Horse skin is used to make strong leather. Lamb and deerskin are used for soft leather. It is used in work gloves and indoor shoes.

Kangaroo leather is used to make things that must be strong and flexible. It is used in bullwhips.

In Thailand, stingray leather is used in wallets and belts. Stingray leather is tough and durable.

## References
Link

A **link**, also **hyperlink** in computing, is a part of a chain. A chain is made of many pieces of metal; each piece is a link. 

Today, people also use the word link in a new way. The World Wide Web on the Internet is made of many different Web pages. The computer software that people use to make these pages (HTML) lets us go to other pages in a very fast and easy way. 

The person who makes the web page can tell the computer to show a word or a picture on the Web page as a **link**. This means that when we click on the link with our computer mouse, the computer will show us the new page we want to see. Most links are blue, but they can be any color.

The color of the link will change to dark blue when clicked as the web browser recognises it in the browser's cache. Unless the cache is cleared, the link will always stay dark blue.

## Ways of making links 
There are many ways in making a link on a web page. The process is different for different internet software.

### Plain HTML 
In `.htm` and `.html` files, a link can be created using this code:

``

### Wiki syntax 
Wiki syntax like MediaWiki uses a simpler way of making links. To create a link to another page of the same website:

`` or just ``.

To link to an external website:

``, ``, or just ``.

### BB code 
BB code is used in forum software. To create a link:

``, or ``
List of mathematics topics

There are a number of topics in mathematics. Some of them include:

* Algebra
* Analysis
* Arithmetic
* Calculus
* Combinatorial game theory
* Cryptography 
* Differential equations
**Partial differential equations
**Ordinary differential equation
* Discrete mathematics
* Geometry
* Graph theory
* Infinity
* Linear algebra
* Number theory 
* Numerical analysis
** Numerical integration
** Numerical linear algebra
** Validated numerics
* Order of Operations
* Probability
* Statistics
* Topology
* Trigonometry

## Related pages
* List of mathematicians
* Mathematics Genealogy Project
* Mathematics Subject Classification
* Timeline of women in mathematics

## Mathematical societies
* American Mathematical Society
* Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

## Other websites 
* For a much more complete list of mathematics topics, see Math Topics from the Internet Mathematics Library
License

A **license** (in American English) or **licence** (in British English) allows someone to do something that they otherwise are not allowed to do. A person usually has to pay some money, and maybe pass a test to get a license. A license is usually written but it does not have to be. Most kinds of licenses can only be used by the person they were given to. Licenses may be temporary or permanent. Some licenses can not be taken away once they are given. A person with a license is called a **licensee**.

In many countries, if a person tries to do something without the correct license to do it, they might have to pay a fine or go to prison.

## Examples of licenses
There are many different types of licenses.

### Driver's license
The laws of most countries say that people are only allowed to drive cars if they have a driver's license.  If a person does not have a license, they may have to pay a fine if they are caught by the police.  In many countries, a person must take a test and pay money to get a license. The test would check that they know the road rules, and have the skill to drive a car.

### Hunting license
Other licenses give permission to shoot animals (often called a hunting license). The hunting license usually says when a person may hunt. A hunter may have to pass a test to show that they understand the rules about hunting.

### Television licence
In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, if someone has a television set, they must buy a "television licence" every year.

### Copyright licenses 
Copyright is a law that gives the owner of a creative work the right to decide what other people can do with it. A person or a company can give a license to a copyright that they own. So in order for another person to use an owner's copyright they need permission from the owner. For example, when someone buys computer software, they also need a license from the creator of the software (a copyright owner) allowing the buyer to use the software.

## Difference between license and licence 
"License" is a verb and "licence" is a noun. "Licensing sessions" were the meetings of magistrates which decided about giving licences to sell alcohol.  

In American English there is no difference in spelling between the verb "to license"  meaning to give permission, and the noun "a license" meaning the permission to do something.

## Distinction between a licence and a qualification 
A degree in medicine is a qualification showing a person has successfully studied medicine. It is awarded for life. A licence to practice medicine is a legal permission to do so within the territory covered by the licensing authority. The licence may be taken away ('revoked') in certain situations.

## Related pages 
* Copyright
* Patent
* Trademark

## References
Like

**Like** has different meanings: 

1. We can use **to like** to say that we find a thing is good: 
::*I like my house.* = I think my house is good.
::*I like Jenny* = I think Jenny is an OK person.

2. We can use **like** for "the same as" or "nearly the same as":

::*This cheese sandwich feels like rubber* = the sandwich is difficult to eat, nearly the same as rubber.
::*Jenny is like her mother* = Jenny has brown hair, and her mother also has brown hair (for example). 
::*Your pen is like my pen* = Your pen and my pen are the same sort.

3. We can also use **like** for "the same way as":
::*She runs like the wind* - she and the wind are both fast.
::*She talks like a child* - she and children speak slowly or with a high voice.

4. In a question, we can use **like** to ask people to talk about a thing, or to say if they find it good or not:
::''What's your house like?* (Answer: "It has two bedrooms and a big kitchen...")
::*What was the film like?* (Answer: "It was very good!")

5. We can also use **like** as "for example":
::*I often go to other countries, like France or Germany* = I go to other countries, for example France and Germany.

6. In British and American English young people, when talking, have recently started using **like** as an extra word in the middle of sentences. Sometimes they use it to report what someone said, especially when mimicking the way they said it. This should never be used in writing:
::*The teacher was **like**: "Don't do that!"*

As works in the same way as example 2 - comparing two things using either the word "like" or the word "as" is called making a **simile** (*As big as an elephant''). It may be better to use the word "as" for this to stop confusion with example 1.
List of fruits

**Fruits** on this list are defined as the word is used in everyday speech. It does not include vegetables, whatever their origin.

The following items are fruits according to the scientific definition, but are sometimes considered to be vegetables:

## Related pages
* Fruit
* List of vegetables

## References
Political divisions of China

There are twenty-three provinces, four municipalities, five autonomous regions and two special administrative regions in the '''People's Republic of China'*. Provinces are pronounced *Shěng'' in Chinese Pinyin. Provinces and autonomous regions are subdivided into prefectures and sub-provincial cities.

The island of **Taiwan** is claimed as a province by the People's Republic of China (PRC), but is not under their control.  Taiwan is an island known as **Republic of China (Taiwan)**.

## Provinces 
There are 23 provinces in the People's Republic of China.
* Anhui
* Fujian
* Gansu
* Guangdong
* Guizhou
* Hainan
* Hebei
* Heilongjiang
* Henan
* Hubei
* Hunan
* Jiangsu
* Jiangxi
* Jilin
* Liaoning
* Qinghai
* Shaanxi
* Shandong
* Shanxi
* Sichuan
* Taiwan*
* Yunnan
* Zhejiang

 The island of **Taiwan** is claimed as a province by the People's Republic of China (PRC), but it is not under their control. Taiwan is an island known as **Republic of China (Taiwan)**.

## Municipalities 
There are 4 municipalities in the People's Republic of China. "Municipality" is the common English name for the Chinese *zhíxiáshì*, meaning a city directly controlled by the national government.
* Beijing, formerly part of Hebei
* Tianjin, formerly part of Hebei
* Shanghai, formerly part of Jiangsu
* Chongqing, formerly part of Sichuan

## Autonomous Regions 
There are 5 autonomous regions in the People's Republic of China. "Autonomous region" is the common English name for the Chinese *zìzhìqū*, meaning an area with greater levels of self-government to accommodate minority groups.
* Xinjiang, for the Uygurs and other Turkic peoples
* Tibet, for Tibetans
* Inner Mongolia, for Mongolians
* Guangxi, for the Zhuang
* Ningxia, for the Hui

## Special Administrative Regions 
There are 2 special administrative regions in the People's Republic of China. "Special administrative region" is the common English name for the Chinese *tèbié xíngzhèng qū*, meaning an area under special administration as a result of treaties that returned former European colonies to Chinese control.
* Hong Kong, formerly a British colony
* Macau, formerly a Portuguese colony
Linear algebra

**Linear algebra** is a branch of mathematics. It came from mathematicians trying to solve systems of linear equations. Vectors and matrices are used to solve these systems. The main objects of study currently are vector spaces and linear mappings between vector spaces. Linear algebra is useful in other branches of mathematics (e.g. differential equations and analytic geometry). It can also be applied to the real world in areas such as engineering, physics and economics.

Linear algebra describes ways to  and manipulate (rearrange) systems of linear equations.

For example, consider the following equations:

:\begin{matrix}
 x + y &= 0 \\
 x -2y &= 3
\end{matrix}

These two equations form a system of linear equations.
It is linear because none of the variables are raised to a power.
The graph of a **linear** equation in two variables is a straight line.
The solution to this system is:

:\begin{matrix}
 x=1 \\
 y=-1
\end{matrix}

This is because it makes all of the original equations valid, that is, the value on the left side of the equals sign is exactly the same as the value on the right side for both equations.

Linear algebra uses a system of notation for describing system behavior, called a matrix. For the previous example, the coefficients of the equations can be stored in a coefficient matrix.

## Related pages
* Abstract algebra
* Matrix analysis
* Matrix function
* Numerical linear algebra
* System of linear equations

## Further reading
* Israel Gelfand (1998), Lectures on linear algebra, Courier Dover Publications.
Legislature

is a legislature of 27 countries]]
**Legislature** is a word that comes from the Latin language, meaning "those who write the laws." A legislature is therefore a group of people who introduce, debate and vote for and on new laws, for example in a state or country.

Each person in the legislature is usually either elected or appointed. The constitution of that state or country usually tells how a legislature is supposed to work.

In many countries, the legislature is called a Parliament, Congress, or National Assembly. Sometimes there are two groups of members in the legislature. This is called a "*bicameral*" legislature. A unicameral legislature has only one group of members.

A country, district, city, or other small area may also have something like a legislature. These are often called councils, and they make smaller laws for their areas. 

## List of titles of legislatures 
### National 
* Parliament
* Congress
* Diet
* National Assembly
* Althing — Iceland
* Assembleia da República — Portugal
* Bundestag — Germany
* Riksdag — Sweden
* Cortes Generales — Spain
* Eduskunta — Finland
* Federal Assembly — Russia, Switzerland
* Folketing — Denmark
* Stortinget — Norway
* Knesset — Israel
* Assembly of Albania — Albania
* Legislative Yuan — Republic of China/Taiwan
* Islamic Consultative Assembly — Iran

### Sub-National 
* List of state legislatures of the United States — United States
** General Assembly / Assembly
** Great and General Court / General Court
** House of Delegates
* Landtag — Germany, Austria
* Canada
** Legislative Assembly — All provinces and territories except:
** National Assembly — Quebec
** House of Assembly — Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador
* Australia
** Legislative Assembly - All States and Territories except:
** House of Assembly - South Australia and Tasmania
** Legislative Council - All States except Queensland
* United Kingdom
** Scottish Parliament — Scotland
** Northern Ireland Assembly — Northern Ireland
** National Assembly for Wales — Wales
**Houses of Parliament — United Kingdom overall.

## Related pages
*Separation of powers
Lime

**Lime** is a green fruit, and the tree fruit itself. They are citrus fruits similar to lemons. Citrus fruits like limes are rich in vitamin C. Sailors from Britain were given lemon or lime juice to stop them falling ill with scurvy. This is how they got the nickname *Limey*. There are several citrus trees whose fruits are called limes. They include the key lime *Citrus aurantiifolia*, the Persian lime, the kaffir lime, and the desert lime *Citrus glauca*.

Limes are small, round and bright green. If they stay on the tree for a long time they turn yellow. Then they look like small round lemons.

Lime juice is used in cooking and in drinks. Lime oils are often used in perfumes, used for cleaning, and used for aromatherapy.

Lime tastes acidic and bitter. Lime juice is also made from limes.

## Different kinds of limes 
* Persian lime – This lime is most often sold in supermarkets as lime.
* Key lime – Smaller than the Persian lime, used to mix Cocktails and make pies.
* Kaffir lime – Very small fruits, vegetable oil from the leaves is used for perfumes, leaves are used for cooking.

## Other websites 
* http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/citrus/limes.htm
Leap year

A **leap year** is a calendar year in which an extra day is added to the Gregorian calendar, which is used by most of the world. A common year has 365 days, but a leap year has 366 days. The extra day, February 29, is added to the month of February. In a common year, February has 28 days, but in a leap year it has 29 days. The extra day, called a leap day, occurs on the same day of the week as the first day of the month, February 1.

The term "leap year" comes from the fact that while a specific date of the year advances one day of the week in a common year, in a leap year from March 1 until February 28 of the following year the date will advance 2 days due to the extra day in February, thereby "leaping" over one of the days of the week. For example, Christmas Day (December 25) fell on a Wednesday in 2024, Thursday in 2025, falls on a Friday in 2026 and a Saturday in 2027, but then will leap over Sunday to fall on a Monday in 2028.

Because of this extra day, a leap year of 366 days has 52 weeks and two days. Therefore, a leap year does not begin and end on the same day of the week, as a common year does (for example, in 2024, January 1 fell on a Monday, but December 31 fell on a Tuesday). Thus, the year following a leap year starts two days of the week later instead of one. Additionally, with the exception of leap years after century years not divisible by 400, each leap year starts two days of the week earlier than the previous one. For example, since 2024 began on a Monday, the next leap year, 2028, will begin on a Saturday.

Leap years are evenly divisible by 4. The last leap year was 2024, and the next will be 2028.  However, any year that is evenly divided by 100 is not a leap year unless it is also evenly divided by 400. This is why 1600, 2000, and 2400 are leap years, while 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300 are common years, even though they are all divisible by 4.

We have leap years because instead of 365 days, the Earth really takes a few minutes less than 365–1/4 days (365.24219) to go completely around the Sun. Without leap years, the seasons would start one day earlier on the calendar every four years. After 360 years, spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere would begin on December 21 (which is when winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere presently begins).

A number of countries use a lunar calendar (based on the Moon, instead of the Sun, like our solar calendar is). They have leap years when they add an extra lunar month. Different calendars add the extra month in different ways. So a year which has 366 days instead of 365 days where the month of February has 29 days is called a leap year.

In a leap year, the corresponding months are January, April, and July; February and August; March and November; as well as September and December. No month corresponds to May, June, nor October.

In the Gregorian calendar, 97 out of every 400 years are leap years. In the outdated Julian calendar, 100 years out of every 400 are leap years.

## Related pages 
* February 29
* Common year
* Century leap year
Litre

The **litre** (international spelling) or **liter** (American spelling) (symbol: **l** or **L**) is one of the metric units of volume. It is not a basic SI unit, but it is a supplementary unit.

One litre is the volume of 1000 cubic centimetres, that is a cube of 10 × 10 × 10 centimetres (1000&nbsp;cm3). One litre of water at  has the mass of exactly one kilogram. This results from the definition given in 1795, where the gram was defined as the weight of one cubic centimetre of melting ice.

Liters are usually utilized to measure the volume of liquids, this is because the density of liquids can vary a lot. However it can be applied to solids as well, for example 1 liter of Iron is around 7.7&nbsp;kg. The symbol for litre is **l** or **L**. That system did not have its own unit of capacity or volume because volume can be measured in cubic metres. The *cadil* was also known as the *pinte* or the *litron*. The *pinte* had been an old French unit of measure of capacity.

In 1795 the kilogram was defined to be exactly one litre of water at 4&nbsp;°C. In 1799 the kilogram was redefined. The new definition said that the kilogram was the mass of the *kilogram des archives*. In 1901 scientists measured the volume of one litre of water at 4&nbsp;°C very carefully. They found that it occupied about &nbsp;dm3. The BIPM redefined the litre as being *exactly* the volume of one kilogram of water at 4&nbsp;°C.

In 1960 the SI was introduced. The BIPM changed the definition of the litre back to "one dm3". The litre is not part of SI. The BIPM defined the litre as a "Non-SI unit accepted for use with the SI". This was because it is used in many countries. The BIPM said that the litre should not be used for very accurate work.

According to SI rules, the symbol for the litre should be "l". This is because the litre was not named after somebody whose name was "Litre". However the symbol "l" and the number "1" are easily confused. In 1979 the BIPM made an exception for the symbol for the litre. They said that people could use either "L" or "l" as its symbol.

In Europe, milk is sold in one litre cartons. One litre bottle is also a popular package for soft drinks. Most alcoholic drinks are sold as 1/3 litre (0.33 l),  litre (0.5 l) 3/4 litre (0.75 l) or 1 litre bottles.

## Notes
## References
Macadamia nut

The **macadamia nut** is the fruit of a tree that first came from the east coast of Australia. There is 
more than one kind of Macadamia tree. Only two kinds are grown for food.

The tree is an evergreen (stays green all year long). It grows up to  high. It has groups of small white flowers. It grows best in subtropical (wet and always warm) climates. It needs well-drained soil (water can flow away easily) and  of rain a year.

The nutmeat (the soft part inside the shell that can be eaten) is mostly a creamy white color. Sometimes it looks a bit yellow. It has a flavor that many people like. Macadamias are eaten roasted (cooked) by themselves. They are used in cookies, cakes, pastries, and candies. People use them like almonds and cashews as part of cooked meals. This is an Oriental style of cooking.

The first commercial orchard was started in Australia in the late 1880s. Commercial production started in Hawaii during the 1920s. Production later spread to California, Mexico, and other places with warm climate.

Macadamias are poisonous to dogs. A dog usually needs 24 to 48 hours to recover fully after eating macadamias.The plant is in the Proteaceae family of flowering plants.

## References