open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Background radiation

**Background radiation** is the natural radiation we get by living on Earth. There are many naturally occurring radioactive isotopes which decay over time. They release radioactive particles or radiation into the surroundings. We call this "background radiation".

The biggest source of natural background radiation is radon in the air. This radioactive gas comes from the ground. Radon and its isotopes, parent radionuclides, and decay products make up most of the radiation we get.

Radioactive material is found throughout nature. It occurs naturally in soil, rocks, water, air, and vegetation, from which it is taken into the body. Humans also get radiation from radioactive materials  outside the body and from cosmic radiation from space.

The worldwide average natural  to humans is about 2.4 millisievert (mSv) per year. This is four times the worldwide average artificial radiation exposure, which in 2008 amounted to about 0.6&nbsp;mSv per year. In addition there are X-rays and other forms of medical imaging. In Europe, average natural background exposure by country ranges from under 2&nbsp;mSv annually in the United Kingdom to more than 7&nbsp;mSv annually for some groups of people in Finland.

## References
Jarryd Hayne

**Jarryd Lee Hayne** (born 15 February 1988) is an Australian American football player and former rugby league player. He used to play for the San Francisco 49ers in the National Football League (NFL). During his time playing rugby league, he played for the Parramatta Eels of the National Rugby League (NRL) from 2006 until 2014.

Hayne was born in Sydney, New South Wales. His father is Manoa Thompson, a Fijian rugby league player, and an Australian mother, Jodie. He has three siblings.

## References
Clayton Keith Yeutter

**Clayton Keith Yeutter**, ONZM (December 10, 1930 &ndash; March 4, 2017) was an American politician. He served as United States Secretary of Agriculture under President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1991 before serving as Counselor to the President in 1992. He served as United States Trade Representative from 1985 to 1989 and as Chairman for the Republican National Committee from 1991 until 1992.

Yeutter died from colorectal cancer in Potomac, Maryland on March 4, 2017, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*Biography  at the Miller Center of Public Affairs
*Profile  at Hogan Lovells
*Yeutter's USTR Nomination Hearing on the Senate Finance Committee Website
Lake View Terrace, Los Angeles

**Lake View Terrace** is a suburb district in the northeastern part of the San Fernando Valley region of the City of Los Angeles, California. The area hosts a large equestrian community. It is one of the few remaining areas in the city that has private homes zoned for keeping horses.

## References
## Other websites
* The Foothills Forum 
* *Los Angeles Times*, Real Estate section, Neighborly Advice column: "Lake View Terrace: Where country living sidles up to the city" (12 June 2005)
* Lake View Terrace Improvement Association 
* Map of Los Angeles neighborhoods
Tabachnik National Garden

**Tabachnik National Garden** is a national park located on Mount Scopus in Jerusalem. The garden has some Jewish burial caves from the Second Temple period (between 530 BC and 70 AD). It also has two smaller cemeteries. There is a memorial wall for the students of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem who died in defending of the State of Israel. 

## Gallery 

בית הקברות של המושבה המאמריקאית בירושלים - הר הצופים 1.jpg|Jerusalem American Colony Cemetery 
בית הקברות של משפחת בנטוויץ' - הר הצופים.jpg|Entrance to the Bentwich Cemetery
Mount Skopus BW 3.jpg|Jewish burial caves from the Second Temple period

## References 
## Other websites 
* Tabachnik park cemetary pictures
Northern Zazaki

**Northern Zazaki** (in Zaza langauge known as: *Zazakiyê Zımey*, *Kırmancki* or *Zonê Ma*) is one of main dialects of the Zaza language. This dialect is spoken in eastern provinces of Republic of Turkey. This includes Tunceli (mainly), Erzincan, Sivas, Erzurum and some places in Gümüşhane. Northern Zazaki is spoken by more than 140,000 people in places where northern Zazas living.

## References
Southern Zazaki

**Southern Zazaki** (in Zaza langauge known as: *Dımılki* or *Zazakiyê Veroci*) is one of main dialects of the Zaza language. This dialect is spoken in southeastern provinces of Republic of Turkey such as Şanlıurfa (mainly in Siverek), Diyarbakır, Bitlis and  Adıyaman. Southern Zazaki is spoken by more than 1,500,000 people in places where southern Zazas (known as Dimlis) living.

## References
List of districts and neighborhoods in Los Angeles

This is a list of the notable districts and neighborhoods of the city of Los Angeles, California. 

## A–E 
* Angelino Heights
* Angelus Vista
* Arlington Heights
* Atwater Village
* Beachwood Canyon
* Bel Air
* Beverly Crest
* Beverlywood
* Brentwood Glen
* Broadway-Manchester
* Bunker Hill 
* Canoga Park
* Carthay
* Country Club Park
* Cypress Park
* East Hollywood
* Elysian Park
* Fairfax
* Financial District
* Franklin Hills
* Gallery Row 
* Hollywood Hills
* Jefferson Park
* Kinney Heights
* Koreatown
* Lafayette Square
* Leimert Park
* Little Bangladesh
* Little Italy
* Little Tokyo
* Marina Peninsula
* Mar Vista
* Mid-City
* Mount Olympus
* Nichols Canyon
* NoHo Arts District
* North Hills
* Old Bank District
* Outpost Estates 
* Pacific Palisades
* Pico-Robertson
* Pico-Union
* Rose Hills
* Rustic Canyon
* San Pedro
* Solano Canyon
* Sonoratown
* South Central, Historic
* Studio City 
* Sun Valley
* Victoria Park
* Village Green
* Virgil Village
* Warner Center
* Western Heights
* West Hills
* Westwood
* Whitley Heights
* Wilshire Vista

## References
## Other websites
* Map of Los Angeles neighborhoods
* Bob Pool, "L.A. Neighborhoods, You're on the Map", *Los Angeles Times*, February 9, 2009 (article about Mapping L.A.)
* Southern California Association of Governments analysis of 2006 census data 
* Los Angeles neighborhood signs—Flickr
*
Mercury Records

**Mercury Records** was a record label which produces music in the United States. Mercury Records is owned by Universal Music Group. In the United Kingdom, the label is known as Virgin EMI Records. Def Jam Recordings used to be a part of Mercury Records. But, Def Jam Recordings separated from the Mercury Records.

## Early years
Mercury Record Corporation was founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1945. Four people founded the label: Irving Green, Berle Adams, Ray Greenberg All four founders used a variety of music, including jazz and blues, classical music, rock and roll, and country music.

## Record labels
Currently, Mercury Records has five record labels, Mercury Records, Mercury Records (UK), Mercury Records (Australia), Mercury Classics, and Mercury Nashville.

## Artists
Many artists are represented on Mercury Records.

## References
## Other websites
* Mercury Records – Official Website in the United States
* Mercury Records – Official Website in the United Kingdom
* Mercury Records  – Official Website in Australia
* Mercury Classics – Official Website for Vintage Music
* Mercury Nashville – Official Website for Country Music
Frederick II

**Emperor Frederick II** might refer to:
*Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194-1250); emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
*Frederick II of Denmark (1534-1598), emperor of Denmark and Norway
*Frederick II of Prussia (1712-1796), emperor of Prussia
The Preacher's Wife

'''''The Preacher's Wife'''* is a 1996 American Christmas romantic comedy movie starring Denzel Washington, Whitney Houston, and Courtney B. Vance. It is a remake of the 1947 film *The Bishop's Wife''.

## References
Norman Farberow

**Norman L. Farberow** (February 12, 1918 &ndash; September 10, 2015) was an American psychologist. He was one of the founding fathers of modern suicidology. He was among the three founders in 1958 of the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center, which became a base of research into the causes and prevention of suicide.

Farberow died at the age of 97 on September 10, 2015, World Suicide Prevention Day in Los Angeles, California.

## References
Moses Malone

**Moses Eugene Malone** (March 23, 1955 – September 13, 2015) was an American basketball player who played in both the American Basketball Association (ABA) and the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1974 through 1995. He was a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

Malone played for the Buffalo Braves (1976), the Houston Rockets (1976-1982), the Philadelphia 76ers (1982-1986; 1993-1994), the Washington Wizards (1986-1988), the Atlanta Hawks (1988-1991), the Milwaukee Bucks (1991-1993), and the San Antonio Spurs (1994-1995). He was a three-time NBA Most Valuable Player.

Malone died suddenly from heart disease in Norfolk, Virginia at the age of 60.

## References
## Other websites
* Malone's Biography on the official NBA site
Hamadryas baboon

The **hamadryas baboon** (*Papio hamadryas*) is a species of baboon from the Old World monkey family. It is the northernmost of all the baboons. It lives in the Horn of Africa and the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. These regions have fewer natural predators than central or southern Africa, where other baboons live.

The hamadryas baboon was a sacred animal in ancient Egypt.

## References
Peter Ueberroth

throw the first pitch prior to a game at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore.]]
**Peter Victor Ueberroth** (; born September 2, 1937) is an American executive. He served as the sixth Commissioner of Baseball from 1984 to 1989.  He was the chairman of the United States Olympic Committee before being replaced by Larry Probst in October 2008.

## References
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

**Frederick II** (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250), was one of the most powerful Holy Roman Emperors of the Middle Ages and head of the House of Hohenstaufen.  His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous. However, his enemies, especially the popes, prevailed, and his dynasty collapsed soon after his death. Historians have searched for superlatives to describe him, as in the case of Professor Donald Detwiler, who wrote: 

Viewing himself as a direct successor to the Roman Emperors of Antiquity, he was Emperor of the Romans from his papal coronation in 1220 until his death; he was also a claimant to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. As such, he was King of Germany, of Italy, and of Burgundy. At the age of three, he was crowned King of Sicily as a co-ruler with his mother, Constance of Hauteville, the daughter of Roger II of Sicily. His other royal title was King of Jerusalem by virtue of marriage and his connection with the Sixth Crusade.

He was frequently at war with the Papacy, hemmed in between Frederick's lands in northern Italy and his Kingdom of Sicily (the *Regno*) to the south, and thus he was excommunicated four times and often vilified in pro-papal chronicles of the time and since. Pope Gregory IX went so far as to call him an Antichrist.

Speaking six languages (Latin, Sicilian, German, French, Greek and Arabic), Frederick was an avid patron of science and the arts. He played a major role in promoting literature through the Sicilian School of poetry. His Sicilian royal court in Palermo, from around 1220 to his death, saw the first use of a literary form of an Italo-Romance language, Sicilian. The poetry that emanated from the school had a significant influence on literature and on what was to become the modern Italian language.  The school and its poetry were saluted by Dante and his peers and predate by at least a century the use of the Tuscan idiom as the elite literary language of Italy.

He was also the first king who explicitly outlawed trials by ordeal as they were considered *irrational*.

After his death, his line quickly died out and the House of Hohenstaufen came to an end.

## References
David Ho

**David Da-i Ho** (; born November 3, 1952) is a Taiwanese-American HIV/AIDS researcher. He was famous for understanding the treatment of HIV infection. He is the scientific director and chief executive officer of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and the Irene Diamond Professor at Rockefeller University in New York City.

## References
Peace makers

**Peacemakers** are people or a group of people involved in peacemaking. It is often in countries affected by war, violent conflict, and political instability under international law. There can be different levels of peace makers. Presidents or Prime ministers trying to reach a deal, activists, and even authors. People who are involved in peacemaking can win the Nobel Peace Prize.

## Other websites
*UN Peacemaker, United Nations
Ted Hartley

**Theodore Ringwalt "Ted" Hartley** (born November 6, 1924) is an American actor, producer, and businessman. He is the CEO of RKO Pictures. 

He was married to heiress, actress and philanthropist Dina Merrill from 1989 until her death in 2017.

## References
## Other websites
* Personal website 
* 
* "Ted Hartley...and the Rebirth of RKO Studios"
* "Flight of Fancy: Ted Hartley, who came to Hollywood as an actor and left for investing, has found running the legendary RKO studio rife with challenges", July 8, 2002, *Los Angeles Business Journal*
* *People* magazine, April 19, 1999 (pdf) 
* U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association newsletter, "Ted Hartley '46" (pdf)
Hollywood (disambiguation)

**Hollywood** is a district of Los Angeles, California, which lent its name to the American motion-picture industry.

**Hollywood** may also refer to:

## Places 
* North Hollywood, Los Angeles
* West Hollywood, California
* Hollywood Boulevard Street in Hollywood, California
* Hollywood Walk of Fame
* Hollywood, Florida
* Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport, Florida 

## People 
* Jesse James Hollywood (born 1980), convicted murderer

## Music 
* Hollywood Records, an American record label part of the Disney Music Group
* Hollywood (Jay-Z) (2007)
* Hollywood Tonight (Michael Jackson) (2011)
* Hollywood Undead Rap band

## Other 
* Hollywood blacklist 
* Hollywood Pictures
* *The Hollywood Reporter* Magazine
* Holly wood, wood from a holly plant
Neutral particle

In physics, a **neutral particle** is a particle with no electric charge.

## Stable or long-lived neutral particles
Long-lived neutral particles do not decay for a very long time. Examples of such particles include photons,
Andrew Grove

**Andrew Stephen** "**Andy**" **Grove** (born **András István Gróf**; 2 September 1936 &ndash; 21 March 2016) was a Hungarian-born American businessman, engineer, and author. He was a science pioneer in the semiconductor industry.

He escaped from Communist-controlled Hungary at the age of 20 and moved to the United States where he finished his education. He later became CEO of Intel Corporation and helped transform the company into the world's largest manufacturer of semiconductors. As a result of his work at Intel, along with his books and professional articles, Grove had a considerable influence on electronics manufacturing industries worldwide. Andrew Grove has been called the "guy who drove the growth phase" of Silicon Valley.

## Biography 
Andrew Grove was born in Budapest (Hungary) in 1936 to a Jewish family. When he was eight, the Nazis occupied Hungary and deported nearly 500,000 Jews to concentration camps. To avoid being arrested, Grove and his mother took on false identities and were sheltered by friends.
* Strategic Management Society's Lifetime Achievement Award (2001)
* IEEE Medal of Honor (2000)
* Time Magazine's Man of the Year (1997)
* "1997 Technology Leader of the Year", IndustryWeek.com, December 15, 1997
* Chief Executive's CEO of the Year (1997)
* Medal of Achievement from the American Electronics Association (1993)
* IEEE Engineering Leadership Recognition Award (1987)
* Franklin Institute Certificate of Merit (1975)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Biography from Intel.com
* Biography at IEEE 
* Book homepages - Swimming Across , High Output Management , Only the Paranoid Survive ,
* The Life and Times of an American 
* TIME: Man of the year 
* Andy Grove's Ambitious Conversions Goals at Plug-In 2008.
* Andrew Grove: High Output Management .
Michael Brandon

**Michael Brandon** (born **Michael Feldman**; April 20, 1945) is an American actor who resides in London and Los Angeles.

## Personal life
Brandon was born **Michael Feldman** in Brooklyn, New York to Miriam (née Tumen) and Sol Feldman. At age nine, he and his family (brother Elliot and sister Debra Lynne) moved to Valley Stream, New York where he attended Memorial Junior High and then Valley Stream Central High School.

He married actress Lindsay Wagner in 1976. The marriage ended in a divorce in 1979 after 3 years of marriage. Since 1989, Brandon has been married to actress Glynis Barber, together they have a son named Alexander Max Brandon who was born in November of 1992.

## Filmography 
### Films
### Television
## References
Mark Cuban

**Mark Cuban** (born July 31, 1958) is an American businessman, investor, movie producer, author, television personality and philanthropist. He is the owner of the NBA's Dallas Mavericks, Landmark Theatres, and Magnolia Pictures, and the chairman of the HDTV cable network AXS TV.

Cuban publicly expressed interest in running for president in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, citing that he "could beat both Trump and Clinton". He later decided not to run. 

## References
Corneliu Vadim Tudor

**Corneliu Vadim Tudor** (; 28 November 1949 – 14 September 2015) was a Romanian politician, nationalist poet and journalist. In the 1980s, he posed as a "court poet" of dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu. After the downfall of socialism, he led the nationalist Greater Romania Party (*Partidul România Mare*) and was a Member of the European Parliament. Also, he was a Romanian Senator from 1992 to 2008. Tudor was expelled from his party in 2013, an act that was later claimed to be unlawful. He died of a heart attack in 2015 in a hospital.

## References
Franco Interlenghi

**Franco Interlenghi** (29 October 1931 – 10 September 2015) was an Italian actor. He has worked with great directors such as Federico Fellini in *I Vitelloni*, Michelangelo Antonioni in *I Vinti* and Luchino Visconti in his stage adaptation of *Death of a Salesman*.

Interlenghi died on 10 September 2015 in Rome, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Brazil at the 2012 Summer Paralympics

**Brazil** competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom, from 29 August to 9 September 2012. Brazil the next  of the Summer Paralympics, holding the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro.

## Athletics
;Men

;Track events

;Field events

;Women

;Track events

## Football 5-a-side 
Brazil has qualified for the football 5-a-side tournament.
; Group play

; Semi-final

; Gold medal match
Rank:
01 !

## Football 7-a-side 
Brazil has qualified for the football 7-a-side tournament.
; Group play

; Semi-final

; Bronze medal match

## Goalball 
### Men's tournament 
; Group play

; Quarter-final

; Semi-final

; Gold medal match
Rank:
02 !

### Women's tournament 
; Group play

; Quarter-final

## Judo 
; Men

; Women

## Powerlifting 
; Men

; Women

## Rowing 
; Men

## Sailing 
## Shooting 
## Volleyball 
### Men's tournament 
; Roster

; Group play

; Quarter-final

; 5th–8th place semi-final

; 5th/6th place match

### Women's tournament 
; Roster

; Group play

; 5th–8th place semi-final

## Wheelchair basketball 
### Women's tournament 
; Group play

; 9th/10th place match

## Wheelchair tennis 
; Men

; Women

## References
Adam Deadmarsh

**Adam Richard Deadmarsh** (born May 10, 1975) is a Canadian-American retired professional ice hockey right winger. Deadmarsh played parts of 10 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Quebec Nordiques, Colorado Avalanche, and Los Angeles Kings.

Deadmarsh played for Team USA during the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, the 1998 Winter Olympics, and the 2002 Winter Olympics. He won a gold medal in 1996 and a silver medal in 2002.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Deadmarsh played 4 seasons with the Portland Winter Hawks of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He was drafted with the 14th overall pick by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. 

He played 1 season with them and stayed with the franchise when they relocated to Denver, Colorado to become the Colorado Avalanche. During his time with the Avalanche, Deadmarsh won the Stanley Cup in 1996. His name was misspelled as "Deadmarch" when the names were being added to the Cup. It was the first time that a misspelling on the Stanley Cup had ever been corrected.

On February 21, 2001, the Avalanche traded Deadmarsh along with Aaron Miller in exchange for Jared Aulin, and Colorado's first round pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft (Dave Steckel) for Rob Blake and Steven Reinprecht. During round one of the 2001 Stanley Cup Playoffs, Deadmarsh scored an overtime goal which caused the Kings defeat the very favoured Detroit Red Wings. The Kings would lose against his old team, the Avalanche, in seven games. The Avalanche would end up winning their second Stanley Cup.

Deadmarsh would miss most of the 2002–03 NHL season because of a concussion and missed the whole 2003–04 NHL seasonbecause of another concussion. He also did not play the next season because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. On September 22, 2005, he announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey. On March 20, 2006, Deadmarsh was honoured before a game between the Avalanche and Kings at Staples Center.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Éric Dazé

**Éric Dazé** (born July 2, 1975) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. Dazé played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), all with the Chicago Blackhawks.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Dazé played parts of 5 seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL); 2 with the Hull Olympiques and 3 with the Beauport Harfangs. He was drafted with the 90th overall pick by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft.

In 1995, he was a member of the gold medal winning team at the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. After he scored 30 goals as a rookie, he was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team in 1996. In 2002, Dazé was chosen to play in his first NHL All-Star Game. He recorded 2 goals and 1 assist and was named the game's MVP. He became the first Blackhawk player to win the award since Bobby Hull did so in 1971.

Dazé suffered from severe back problems during his career and he only played 19 games in the 2003–04 NHL season. On March 20, 2010, He officially announced that he was retiring from professional ice hockey during the Comcast Sportsnet pregame show before the Blackhawks game.

## References
## Other websites
*
United States Botanic Garden

**United States Botanic Garden** is the national botanical garden of the United States. It is in Washington D.C., United States. It was established in 1920 by the United States Congress. The gardens are a feature of the National Mall directly across from the United States Capitol. 

## Related pages 
* List of botanical gardens

## Gallery 

US botanic garden.jpg|
Gregwashington5.JPG|
12-07-13-washington-by-RalfR-04.jpg|

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*  Website contains a link to download a free electronic version of an illustrated 180 page book about the U.S. Botanic Garden (Botanic Garden for the Nation: the United States Botanic Garden. Publisher: Congress, Architect of the Capitol, United States Botanic Garden,  2007.)
* U.S. Botanic Garden in Washington, Tanglewood Conservatory
Echo (Leona Lewis album)

***Echo*** is the second studio album by English singer Leona Lewis. It was d in November 2009 by Syco.

## Information
The music on *Echo* is a mixture of Europop and R&B. It also has a Cover version of the Oasis song "Stop Crying Your Heart Out"  Two singles were released from the album. One of them was the R&B ballad "Happy". The album also features a duet with American pop rock group OneRepublic called "Lost Then Found".

## Reviews
*Echo* met mixed to favourable reviews by critics.

## Track listing

## References
Alpha Phi Alpha

**Alpha Phi Alpha** is the first Black,  Greek-lettered fraternity in the United States. It was ed on December 4, 1906 at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. It uses an icon from ancient Egypt, the Great Sphinx of Giza, as its symbol. Its aims are "manly deeds, scholarship, and love for all mankind." Its motto is *First of All, Servants of All, We Shall Transcend All.* Its archives are preserved at the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center. s were chartered at Howard University and Virginia Union University in 1907. The fraternity has over 290,000 s. Since 1940 it has been open to men of all races. Currently, there are more than 730 active chapters worldwide.

## References
Grace Jones

**Grace  Beverly Jones** (born 19 May 1948) is a Jamaican singer, songwriter, supermodel, record producer, and actress. She was born in Spanish Town, Jamaica. She was raised by her grandparents. She released her first album, *Portfolio*, in 1977. Her music is a mixture of Rock, New Wave, disco, reggae, electronica, funk, dance and dub. She is also known for her unusual album covers. Her most important movie roles include the 1985 James Bond movie *A View to a Kill* and the 1986 horror movie *Vamp*.

## 2015: ''I'll Never Write My Memoirs* 
In 2015, Jones wrote an autobiography called *I'll Never Write My Memoirs*. In the book, she wrote her opinion on Rihanna, Lady Gaga, Nicki Minaj, Madonna, Miley Cyrus and Beyoncé. She wrote that she felt that they were copying her style.

## Discography 
**Portfolio* (1977)
**Fame* (1978)
**Muse* (1979)
**Warm Leatherette* (1980)
**Nightclubbing* (1981)
**Living My Life* (1982)
**Slave to the Rhythm* (1985)
**Inside Story* (1986)
**Bulletproof Heart* (1989)
**Hurricane'' (2008)

## References
## Other websites
Classical period (music)

The **Classical music period** is the time from about 1750 to 1820 when Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert were the most famous living composers.

We often talk about “classical music” meaning European music which is not pop music or jazz or folk music. It is music which has been written by composers who have studied the art of composition. The article Classical music talks about classical music in this sense.

This article is about “Classical music” in the late 18th century and the early 19th century. The word “classical” is often used to refer to the arts of Ancient Greece and Rome. It has also come to mean any art form which has become very famous and is remembered for centuries afterwards. In music the Classical period comes between the Baroque and the period of Romanticism.

In some ways Classical music is often simpler than the music of the Baroque composers. There is often a tune with a simple accompaniment using broken chords called an “Alberti bass”. For classical composers the form of the piece was very important. Composers started their work with a tune (theme) and this tune would be developed in different ways: put in different key, changed from a fast to a slow tune, changed from major to minor or from minor to major.

Some of the most famous composers of the Classical period in music are:

* Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1789)
* Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714–1787)
* Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)
* Luigi Boccherini (1743–1805)
* Muzio Clementi (1752–1832)
* Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
* Jan Ladislav Dussek (1760–1812)
* Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)*
* Franz Schubert (1797–1828)*

Beethoven and Schubert started in the Classical period but later changed to the Romantic style.
Mihai Volontir

**Mihai Volontir** (9 March 1934 – 15 September 2015) was a Moldovan actor. He was known for his role as Volentair in the comedy movie *In the Zone of Special Attention*.

## Other websites
* 
* Volontir biography and photos
John Rodolph Slattery

Colonel **John Rodolph Slattery** (January 31, 1877 - September 24, 1932) was the general manager for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company in New York City.

Slattery married Elizabeth Virginia Bradley (1879-1949) around 1915. He died on September 24, 1932 in Jackson Heights, New York City.

## References
John J. Farrell

**John J. Farrell** (1872 – July 22, 1946) was the Dairy and Food Commissioner of Minnesota in 1917 and president of the National Creamery Buttermakers' Association. By 1921 he was the secretary of National Dairy Products.

By 1917, Farrell was the Dairy and Food Commissioner of Minnesota and president of the National Creamery Buttermakers' Association.

By 1921 Farrell was the secretary of National Dairy Products Committee. In 1924, he was the unsuccessful Democratic Candidate for U.S. Senator from Minnesota.

Farrell died on July 22, 1946 in South Harbor Township, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota.

## References
Bernard Van de Kerckhove

**Bernard Van de Kerckhove** (8 July 1941 – 15 September 2015) was a Belgian professional road bicycle racer from 1962 to 1971.  He was known for winning the 1964 Tour de France and 1965 Tour de France after which he wore the yellow jersey for two and three stages respectively.

## References
Meir Pa'il

'''Meir Pa'il''', &lrm; , (June 19, 1926 &ndash; September 15, 2015) was an Israeli colonel, politician and military historian. He served as a member of the Knesset from 1974 through 1980. He was born in Jerusalem.

Pa'il died from complications of Alzheimer's disease in Jerusalem, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Bio at Knesset Website
Michael X. Mockus

**Michael X. Mockus** (October 26, 1864 – October 23, 1939) was a Lithuanian-American Unitarian minister. Mockus is remembered for having been convicted in nationally publicized trials for having violated Connecticut and Maine state laws prohibiting blasphemy by challenging orthodox religious beliefs.

## Biography
Mockus was born on October 26, 1864 in Lithuania. In 1916 he was charged with blasphemy in Waterbury, Connecticut. He was charged with blasphemy under the 1821 affirmation of the 1642 blasphemy law. He was the first person convicted under the law and was sentenced to 10 days imprisonment. He had Theodore Schroeder of the Free Speech League as his attorney.

## References
Pam Ferris

**Pamela E. "Pam" Ferris** (born 11 May 1948) is a British actress. She was born in Hanover to a Welsh mother and an English father.  She starred on television as Ma Larkin in *The Darling Buds of May*, and as Laura Thyme in *Rosemary & Thyme*.

On movies, she is known for her roles as Miss Trunchbull in *Matilda* and as Aunt Marge in *Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Suvigya Sharma

**Suvigya Sharma** (born July 28, 1983) is an award-winning Indian artist and painter based in Mumbai, India. He is known for creating miniature paintings, Tanjore painting, Fresco work and lifelike portraits. He was awarded with "Bharat Gaurav Award" in 2012 for his contribution in filed of Arts.   

His latest collection ''An Art Collector's Paradise'' featuring colonial stamp paper paintings embellished with 24 carat gold were inaugurated by actress Rani Mukherji in September, 2014. 
 

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website 
* 
*
Moscow Pavilion

**Russian Pavilion** is a famous pavilion that was built for the Expo 67 world exhibition. It was moved to the All-Russia Exhibition Centre in Moscow a year later. The pavilion was called **Pavilion 70** and later **Moscow Pavilion**.

## History 
Before the World Exhibition was held in Canada in 1967 the Soviet architects hoped that the World Exhibition would be held in Moscow. In the early 1960s they offered to adapt the exhibit to the Soviet Union's to document the history of the country for the "50th anniversary of the October Revolution" in 1967 with an emphasis on "progress and peace." Moscow's chief architect Mikhail Pusuchin proposed to create a spherical pavilion the size of: "Moscow State University Main Building" on an artificial lake. However, Nikita Khrushchev's forced resignation and financial problems due to heavy costs led to the Soviet Union's refusal to organize the exhibition. The Bureau of International Exhibitions finally decided to entrust the task to the City of Montreal in Canada on the anniversary of the founding of Montreal. In 1970 the building began to move to Moscow and construction took five years. In 1977, the Pavilion was inaugurated on the site of the Moscow Exhibition Center. 

## Gallery 

File:Expo 67, sculpture Faucille et marteau, aux abords du pavillon de l'URSS.jpg|
File:Pavillon URSS (6).jpg|
File:Pavillon URSS (3).jpg|
File:Pavillon URSS (2).jpg|

## Other websites 
* Moscow Pavilion  in the All-Russia Exhibition Centre website
* Moscow Pavilion in the "westland" website
* Moscow Pavilion  in the "architectuul" website
Pink Friday

***Pink Friday*** is the debut studio album by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. It was d on November 19, 2010, by Young Money, Cash Money and Universal Motown. The album was re-released as a deluxe CD and featured the hit single "Super Bass".

## Track listing
Credits adapted from the liner notes of *Pink Friday*.

;**Sample credits**
*"Check It Out" samples "Video Killed the Radio Star" performed by The Buggles, and elements and samples of "Think (About It)" written by James Brown, performed by Lyn Collins.
*"Blazin" samples "Don't You (Forget About Me)", written by Keith Forsey and Steve Schiff, as performed by Simple Minds.
*"Here I Am" samples "Red Sky" by John B and Shaz Sparks.
*"Your Love" samples "No More I Love You's" by Annie Lennox.
*"Girls Fall Like Dominoes" samples "Dominos" written by The Big Pink, and "Trailar Load a Girls" written by Cleveland Browne, Greville Gordon and Whycliffe Johnson.

## References
Anton Chigurh

**Anton Chigurh** is a fictional character from the 2005 novel *No Country for Old Men* by American writer Cormac McCarthy and the 2007 movie of the same name directed by the Coen brothers. He is a psychopathic professional hitman of unknown nationality. He serves as the main antagonist of *No Country for Old Men*.

In the movie, Chigurh is played by Spanish actor Javier Bardem. For this role, Bardem won many awards, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA.

Empire.com ranked Chigurh #46 in their list of the 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time.

## References
Alfred Cotton Bedford

**Alfred Cotton Bedford** (November 5, 1863 - September 21, 1925) was president of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey starting on December 22, 1916.

## Biography
Bedford was born on November 5, 1863 in Brooklyn, New York City. He married Edith Kinsman Clark on January 8, 1890. He was promoted from treasurer to president of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey starting on December 22, 1916. He was made chairman of the board on November 15, 1917.

He was made a Commandant of the Legion in 1922. Bedford died on September 21, 1925 leaving an estate of $3,000,000. He was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.

## References
Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded

***Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded*** is the second studio album by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj; it was released on April 2, 2012, by Young Money, Cash Money and Universal Republic. The album was much more fun sounding and featured a hip hop sound to the first half. The second half was more pop heavy.

## Track listing
Credits adapted from the liner notes of *Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded*.

## References
The Pinkprint

***The Pinkprint*** is the third studio album by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. It was d on December 12, 2014, by Young Money, Cash Money and Republic Records. The album's music returned Minaj to her hip hop roots.

## Track listing
Gallstone

A **gallstone**, also called a **shav-stone**, is a stone-like object (calculus) formed inside the gallbladder. Gallstones may pass into other parts of the biliary tract. If the stones pass out of the gallbladder they may cause extreme pain, which requires surgery or other treatment.

## Cause of gallstones 
Gallstones are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located in the abdomen. They are made up of cholesterol, bile pigments, and other substances found in bile.

The main cause of gallstones is an imbalance in the substances that make up bile. When the levels of cholesterol and other substances in bile become too high, they can form solid particles. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including:

* Increased cholesterol levels
** High levels of cholesterol in the bile can lead to the formation of gallstones. This may be due to a diet high in cholesterol or a genetic predisposition to high cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia)
* Decreased bile movement
** The movement of bile through the gallbladder and bile ducts helps prevent the formation of gallstones. If the flow of bile is slowed or blocked, it may lead to the formation (creation) of gallstones
* Increased bilirubin levels
** Bilirubin is a substance produced when red blood cells are broken down. If the body produces too much bilirubin, it can lead to the formation of gallstones
* Other factors that may increase the risk of developing gallstones include obesity, pregnancy, rapid weight loss, and certain medications

Not all people who have gallstones will experience symptoms, and some people might develop gallstones without any known risk factors.

## References
Glassheart

***Glassheart*** is the third studio album by British recording artist Leona Lewis. It was d on 12 October 2012 by Syco and RCA Records. The album is different from Lewis' previous pop, soul and R&B sound. This album's music is electronic, dubstep and R&B.

## Track listing 
## Samples
*"Favourite Scar" samples  "Head over Heels" by Tears for Fears.
*"Collide" samples "Perpetuum Mobile" by Simon Jeffes.

## References
Christmas, with Love

***Christmas, with Love*** is a Christmas album and the fourth studio album by British recording artist Leona Lewis. It was d on 29 November 2013, by Syco and RCA Records. It was the last album that Lewis made with Syco and RCA. She left them to sign with Island Records and Def Jam Recordings in 2015.

## Track listing
## References
Def Jam Recordings

**Def Jam Recordings** is an American record label that mainly produces hip hop and urban music. It is owned by Universal Music Group. In the UK, the label takes on the name *Def Jam UK* and is operated through Virgin EMI. In Japan, it is *Def Jam Japan* operating through Universal Sigma Music. The label s various record labels. One is Roc-A-Fella Records. Another is Kanye West's GOOD Music, 

Def Jam was founded by Rick Rubin and Russell Simmons in his dormitory in Weinstein Hall at New York University. The label's first release was a single by his punk-rock group Hose.

## References
Blue iguana

The **blue iguana** (*Cyclura lewisi*), also known as the **Grand Cayman iguana**,  or **Cayman Island blue iguana**, is an endangered species of lizard endemic to the island of Grand Cayman.

The blue iguana is the largest native land animal on Grand Cayman. It has a length from nose-to-tail of . It is tan to gray in color with a bluish cast (more so in males and during breeding season). It is large and heavy-bodied with a dorsal crest of short spines running from the bottom of the neck to the end of the tail. It weighs as much as .
The blue iguana is one of the longest-living lizards: the record is 67 years.

The iguana prefers rocky, sunlit, open areas in dry forests or near the shore.  The blue iguana's herbivorous diet is plants, fruits and flowers. Fossil records suggest there were many blue iguanas before European settlement; but less than 15&nbsp;of them were left in the wild in 2003, which were predicted to disappear within a few years. Their decline is due to predators like feral pets (cats and dogs) and also the destruction of their natural habitat. Fruit farms have been turned into pasture for cattle grazing.

Since 2004, hundreds of bred and collected blue iguanas have been led into a reserve on Grand Cayman. In this way it is hoped to save the species. At least five non-profit organizations are working with the government of the Cayman Islands to ensure this. The conservancy program has released over 700 captive bred Grand Cayman blue iguanas since the 2004 all-time low of 12 remaining animals.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Blue Iguana Recovery Program (B.I.R.P.)
Illapel

**Illapel** is a Chilean city; it is the capital of the Choapa province, Coquimbo region. It is in the most narrow point of the country along a parallel, .

## Geography
The commune of Illapel has an area of .

## Population
 (last national census), there were 30,355 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The city of Illapel has an urban area of  and a population, in 2002, of 21,826 inhabitants.

## Related pages
*Communes of Chile
*Provinces of Chile

## References
## Other websites
* Territorial division of Chile 
* Gobierno Regional de Coquimbo Official website 
* Province of Choapa website
Guy Béart

**Guy Béhart-Hasson** (16 July 1930 &ndash; 16 September 2015), better known as **Guy Béart**, was a French singer and songwriter. He released over 240 songs and 25 albums during his sixty-plus year career.

Béart was born in Cairo, Egypt to a Jewish family. He also grew up in Lebanon and later moved to Paris. His daughter is actress Emmanuelle Béart (born 1963).

Béart died from a heart attack on 16 September 2015 in Garches, aged 85.

## References
Aaron Ekblad

**Aaron Ekblad** (born February 7, 1996) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL).

He has also played for the Team Canada junior team. He won a gold medal with them during the 2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He suffered a concussion in an exhibition game against the Czech Republic in December 2014.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Ekblad played 3 seasons with the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 1st overall pick by the Florida Panthers in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.

On September 3, the Panthers signed Ekblad to a three-year, entry-level contract. Ekblad made the Panthers' opening night roster for the 2014–15 season. He made his NHL debut on October 9 in a game against the Tampa Bay Lightning. During the game, Ekblad scored his first career NHL point, an assist on a Jonathan Huberdeau goal in a 3–2 overtime loss. On November 1, he scored his first NHL goal against Steve Mason of the Philadelphia Flyers in a 2–1 Panthers win.

On December 6, Ekblad scored a career-high three points in a 3–2 win against the Buffalo Sabres. He was given the first star of the game. On January 23, 2015, he was chosen to play in the 2015 NHL All-Star Game to replace an injured Erik Johnson.

On June 24, 2015, Ekblad was announced as the Calder Memorial Trophy winner.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Cornelius, North Carolina

**Cornelius** is a lakeside town located along Lake Norman in northern Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 31,412 at the 2020 census.

## References
Longyearbyen

**Longyearbyen** is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of Svalbard, Norway. As of 2013, the town had a population of 2,043.
## Climate
Because Longyearbyen is quite far north, it has very long daylight hours during the summer, and very short daylight hours in the winter. It has midnight sun between 19 April and 25 August. Longyearbyen has polar night between 27 October and 15 February. It is milder than other places at the same latitude, due to warming from the sea. This means that surprisingly high temperatures can occur. For example, Longyearbyen reached almost into double figures Celsius on 30 January 1984. The warmest recorded temperature was as high as  on 17 July 1977. The coldest temperature was a very cold  on 4 March 1986. Longyearbyen is badly affected by global warming, due to its Arctic position. On 1 August 2015, a record August temperature of  was recorded.

## References
Broad-billed moa

The **broad-billed moa** or **coastal moa** (*Euryapteryx curtus*) was an extinct moa from New Zealand. It lived in the North and the South Islands and on Stewart Island.

The coastal moa mainly lived in dry shrubland areas. It was lived almost all over North Island. The dominant species lived in the center, the volcanic plateau and along the Wanganui-Taranaki Coast.

The birds were fat and short-legged. Males were about a meter tall. Females were a little bit taller (1.3 meters). They varied in size, some were even twice as big as others. They weighed about 20 kg. It is thought that they mainly ate fruit, leaves and large insects. Chicks ate insects.

It is thought that because coastal moas (among others) had a small olfactory chamber, they had great vocal abilities.

## References
## Other websites 
* New Zealand birds website: Coastal Moa
Portfolio (Grace Jones album)

***Portfolio*** is the debut studio album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones. It was released on  6 September 1977 by Island Records by Island Records. Before releasing *Portfolio* Jones had been a model. The album's music is a mix of disco and R&B. The album was recorded from 1975-1977.

## Track listing
### Standard release
**Side A**
#"Send in the Clowns" (Stephen Sondheim) – 7:33
#"What I Did for Love" (Marvin Hamlisch, Edward Kleban) – 5:15
#"Tomorrow" (Martin Charnin, Charles Strouse) – 5:48

**Side B**
#"La Vie en rose" (Édith Piaf, Louis Guglielmi) – 7:27
#"Sorry" (Grace Jones, Pierre Papadiamondis) – 3:58
#"That's the Trouble" (Grace Jones, Pierre Papadiamondis) – 3:36
#"I Need a Man" (Pierre Papadiamondis, Paul Slade) – 3:23

### Italian release
**Side A**
#"Send in the Clowns" (Stephen Sondheim) – 7:33
#"What I Did for Love" (Marvin Hamlisch, Edward Kleban) – 5:15
#"Tomorrow" (Martin Charnin, Charles Strouse) – 5:48

**Side B**
#"La Vie en rose" (Édith Piaf, Louis Guglielmi) – 7:27
#"I Need a Man" (Pierre Papadiamondis, Paul Slade) – 7:30

## References
## Other websites 
* *Portfolio*on Discogs
Rani Mukherji

**Rani Mukerji** (born 21 March 1978) is an Indian actress active in Bollywood. She has won 7 Filmfare awards.

## Selected filmography 
* *Kuch Kuch Hota Hai* (1998)
* *Saathiya * (2002)
* *Yuva* (2004)
* *Hum Tum* (2004)
* *Veer-Zaara* (2004)
* *Black* (2005)
* *Bunty Aur Babli* (2005)
* *Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna* (2006)
* *No One Killed Jessica* (2011)
* *Talaash: The Answer Lies Within* (2012)
* *Mardaani* (2014)
* *Hichki* (2018)

## References
Kim Kielsen

**Kim Kielsen** (born 30 November 1966) is a Greenlandic politician. He was the Prime Minister of Greenland from 2014 to 2021. He was the leader of the Siumut party from 2014 to 2021.

## References
Bush moa

The **bush moa** or **lesser moa** (*Anomalopteryx didiformis*) is an extinct bird from New Zealand. It was about 1&nbsp;meter long. It weighed about 30&nbsp;kilograms. It lived all over New Zealand.

The bush moa had a sharp beak. It could not fly. It is thought that it ate twigs and other tough plant material.

The bush moa had predators such as the Haast's eagle and Eyles' harrier. All bush moas died 500-600 years ago, after humans came to New Zealand.

## References
Agrasena

**Maharaja Agrasen** (or **Agrasena**) was a legendary Indian king of Agroha in India. This was a city of traders from whom the cities of Agrawal and Agrahari descend. He started a kingdom of traders in North India named Agroha. He is known for his compassion in refusing to slaughter animals in *yajnas*.
The Government of India issued a postage stamp in honour of Maharaja Agresen in 1976 on the occasion of his 410th birthday.

## History 
 Hindu temple located in Agroha, Hisar district, Haryana. The temple is dedicated to goddess Mahalakshmi, the Kuladevi of the Agrawals, who trace their origins to Agroha, whose foundations were laid by the great king Maharaja Agrasen.]]

Bharatendu Harishchandra(1850-1885), a renowned Agrawal author and poet regarded as the father of Hindi literature and theatre, compiled the legend of Maharaja Agrasen in his 1871 essay *Agarwalon ki Utpatti* ("Origins of Agrawals and Agrahari"). Drawing from tradition and ancient texts, particularly *Sri Mahalakshmi Vrat Ki Katha* ("The Story of the Fast for Goddess Mahalakshmi"), he documented Agrasen's story. He stated that *Sri Mahalakshmi Vrat Ki Katha* was contained in the *Bhavishya Purana*, which exists in several recensions. However, some researchers were unsuccessful in tracing this text.

## References