open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
West Indies Championship

The **West Indies 4-Day Championship** is the first-class cricket championship of the Caribbean countries affiliated to Cricket West Indies. It was launched in 1965–66 as the **Shell Shield**, and has undergone several rebrands and name changes. It became the West Indies 4-Day Championship in 2021–22. The competing teams are Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and Windward Islands. The most successful team has been Barbados, who have won 23 titles, most recently in 2021–22.

## References
Ranji Trophy

The **Ranji Trophy** is the national first-class cricket championship of India. It was launched in 1934 by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (the BCCI). The trophy is named after K. S. Ranjitsinhji. Bombay, now Mumbai, won the first tournament, and have gone on to win 42 in all. Their most recent title was in 2024.

## References
Katie Boulter

**Katie Charlotte Boulter** (born 1 August 1996) is an English tennis player. On 4 November 2024, she reached her best singles ranking of world number 23. On 6 January 2025, she was at No. 277 in the WTA doubles rankings. Boulter has won three singles championships on the WTA Tour as well as seven singles championship wins and four doubles championship wins on the ITF Women's Circuit. She used to be the British No. 1 in women's singles.

Boulter was ranked the No. 10 young tennis player in the world in March 2014. She trains mainly at the Lawn Tennis Association's National Tennis Centre in Roehampton, London. She was coached by Jeremy Bates, Nigel Sears and Mark Taylor.

## References
Caitlin FitzGerald

**Caitlin FitzGerald** is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Libby Masters in the Showtime drama *Masters of Sex* (2013–2016) and Simone in Starz series *Sweetbitter* (2018–2019).

FitzGerald was raised in Camden, Maine. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Fort Negley

**Fort Negley** was a fortification built by Union soliders after the capture of Nashville, Tennessee, during the American Civil War. It was located about  south of the city's center. It was the largest  fort built in the United States during the war.

## History
After Confederate forces were defeated in local battles in February 1862, they decided that more attempts to defend Nashville were pointless. After  from the city, it was then taken by Union soldiers. They built Fort Negley, a star-shaped limestone block fortification on St. Cloud Hill, south of the city. The fort was made  out of  of stone and  of earth. It cost US$130,000. It was mostly built using the labor of local slaves (both men and women), newly freed slaves who had gone to Nashville once it was taken by Union forces, and by free blacks forced to work. The fort was named for Union Army commander General James S. Negley. The Battle of Nashville began in December 1864, but most of the fighting happened farther south of the city. After the war, the fort was  and fell into .

In the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) made a major project of repairing Fort Negley. However, there was a lack of people, money, and interest in reopening it as an historic tourist site. It soon became the site of vandalism and was closed to the public. The surrounding grounds became the site of a city park with baseball and softball fields for youth and adults. In 1978, it became the site of a ballpark called Herschel Greer Stadium for the Nashville Sounds. A children's museum was also built on the northwestern slope.

The fort was reopened in 2004 after being restored. The fort was not totally restored to its Civil War condition. Instead, the ruins were made more accessible and visible by removing many of the largest trees and moving some of the blocks back to their original places. In 2007, $1 million in city funds was used to build a visitor center. and the unused ballpark was torn down in 2019. More work on the site is planned, including projects to show the fort's history through the creation of educational spaces. 

## References
;Specific

;General
*

## Other websites
* Fort Negley Visitors Center and Park
Columbus Mudcats

The **Columbus Mudcats** were a Minor League Baseball team from Columbus, Georgia, that played from 1969 to 1990. They played baseball at the Double-A (AA) level, the second-most difficult level before Major League Baseball (MLB), against other baseball teams in the Southern League. The Mudcats were partnered with two MLB teams: the Chicago White Sox (1969) and Houston Astros (1970–1990).  The team moved to Zebulon, North Carolina, after the 1989 season where it continued to play as the Carolina Mudcats.

## References
## Other websites
*The team's statistics from *Baseball-Reference*
Fariha Fathimath

**Fariha Fathimath** (born 10 March 1987) is a swimmer from the Maldives. She swims mostly in freestyle races.

She swam for the Maldives in the women's 50 metre freestyle at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She finished in 69th place and did not go past the first round.

## References
Ibrahim Shameel

**Ibrahim Shameel** (born 14 October 1991) is a swimmer from the Maldives. He swims mostly in freestyle races.

He swam for the Maldives in the men's 50 metre freestyle at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He did not go past the first round.

## References
Telmatobius halli

'''Hall's water frog'*  (*Telmatobius halli'') is a frog.  It lives in Chile.

Scientists found this frog in a hot spring. They believe its young swim as tadpoles. Scientists do not know if this frog is in danger of dying out.

## References
Ibrahim Manik

**Ibrahim Umar Manik** (born 19 March 1969) is an athlete from the Maldives.

He ran for the Maldives in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. His team did not go past the first round.

## References
Mohamed Amir

**Mohamed Amir** (born 27 November 1969) is an athlete from the Maldives.

He ran for the Maldives in the men's 400 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. He also competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta,

## References
Sulphur Dell

**Sulphur Dell**, formerly known as **Sulphur Spring Park** and **Athletic Park**, was a baseball park in Nashville, Tennessee. It was located just north of the Tennessee State Capitol building in the block bounded by modern-day Jackson Street, Fourth Avenue North, Harrison Street, and Fifth Avenue North. The ballpark was famous for its short distance to the right field wall (262&nbsp;ft (80 m)) and a steep  in the outfield that ran along the entire outfield wall, mostly in right and center fields. Sportswriter Grantland Rice started calling it "Sulphur Dell" in 1908.

 teams started playing baseball in the area known as Sulphur Spring Bottom as early as 1870. It was a popular recreation area with a natural sulphur spring. It became the home stadium of a few Minor League Baseball teams from 1885 to 1963. Other  baseball teams played there later. The team that played at Sulphur Dell the longest was the Southern Association's Nashville Vols, who played from 1901 to 1963. Until 2014, it was the location of parking lots used by state employees. Since 2015, it has been the location of First Horizon Park, the home stadium of the Triple-A Nashville Sounds baseball team.

File:Sulphur Dell 1908.jpg|A game at Sulphur Dell in 1908
File:Nashville Vols Opening Day 1909.jpg|Opening Day at the ballpark in 1909
File:Sulphur Dell flooded.jpg|The ballpark during a flood in 1937
File:Sulphur Dell marquee.jpg|The front entrance in the 1950s
File:Sulphur Dell 1950s.jpg|The seats in the 1950s

## References
;Specific

;General
*
*

## Other websites
* 
* Project Ballpark profile
* The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture entry
* An article about the ballpark
Janet Jesudason

**Janet Elizabeth Jesudason** (born 15 December 1936 in Taiping) is an athlete from Singapore.

She ran for Singapore in the women's 100 metres at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. She did not go past the first round.

## References
Vítor Constâncio

**Vítor Manuel Ribeiro Constâncio**  (born 12 October 1943) is a Portuguese economist and academic. He was the Vice President of the European Central Bank, from 2010 to 2018. He was Minister of Finance in 1978 and Governor of the Bank of Portugal from 1985 to 1986 and from 2000 to 2010. From 1986 to 1989, he was the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party.

## References
António José Seguro

**António José Martins Seguro** (born 11 March 1962) is a Portuguese politician. He is a member of the Socialist Party (PS). Seguro was Secretary General of the PS from 2011 until 2014. He was the leader of the largest opposition party in the Portuguese Parliament. He is a candidate for President of Portugal in the 2026 presidential election.

## References
Giuliano Oberti

**Giuliano Marcello Giuseppe Oberti** (born 22 June 1901 in Genoa) was an Italian sailor.

He represented Italy in sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, finishing in 10th place, and at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, where he finished in 5th place.

## References
Alam Mir

**Alam Mir** (born 1944) is a wrestler from Afghanistan.

He competed for Afghanistan at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

## References
Alberto Sáenz

**Alberto Manuel Sáenz** (born 12 July 1934 in Morón) is a boxer from Argentina.

He represented Argentina in boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.

## References
Randolph Hokanson

**Randolph Henning Hokanson** (June 22, 1915 – October 18, 2018) was an American piano player and professor at the University of Washington in Seattle. He was known for his recordings of Bach, Schubert, Beethoven, Chopin, Liszt and Mendelssohn. He played all of the Beethoven piano sonatas.

Hokanson was born in Washington in June 1915 as one of eleven children of a Swedish family in Bellingham. He started playing the piano when he was eight, and at fifteen, he started playing recitals often in Seattle and Victoria, British Columbia. After high school, he learned in London on a scholarship with Harold Samuel, Myra Hess and Carl Friedberg and later played by himself under Thomas Beecham, Pierre Monteux, Arthur Fiedler, Walter Susskind, Milton Katims, and others. He was a music teacher at the University of Washington from 1949 to 1984.

In 2011, he wrote a book, ''With Head to the Music Bent: A Musician's Story''. He was married to music writer Dorothy Cadzow (August 9, 1916 – June 26, 2001) from 1951 until she died.  He died on 18 October 2018 when he was 103 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Arnoldo Pekelharing

**Arnoldo Pekelharing** (born 1 July 1936 in Buenos Aires, died 13 January 2001 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) was an Argentine sailor.

He represented Argentina in sailing at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

## References
Oktyabrsky District, Perm Krai

**Oktyabrsky District** () is a district (raion) in Perm Krai, Russia. There are thirty-two other districts in the krai. Municipally, it is called the **Oktyabrsky Municipal District**. The district is . It has an administrative center in Oktyabrsky. Populations:  The administrative center has 32.3% of the district's population.

## History
It was established on July&nbsp;10, 1931 as **Schuchye-Ozyorsky District** (). The district was created by combining Almazovsky and Bogorodsky District in the Ural Oblast. It was renamed to become Oktyabrsky District on July&nbsp;15, 1960.

## Demographics
Ethnic composition:
*Russians: 59.6%
*Tatars: 34.7%
*Bashkirs: 2.3%

## References
### Notes
### Sources
*
*
Johann Olav Koss

**Johann Olav Koss** (born 1968) is a Norwegian speed skater that has won some gold medals at the Winter Olympics.

## References
Dave Parker

**David Gene Parker** (June 9, 1951 – June 28, 2025), nicknamed "**the Cobra**", was an American  professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a right fielder from 1973 to 1991. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, Oakland Athletics, Milwaukee Brewers, California Angels and the Toronto Blue Jays. 

Parker won the World Series in 1979 and 1989. He was a seven-time All-Star. He was raised in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 2025, he was honored into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.

In 2013, Parker was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He died from problems caused by the disease on June 28, 2025 in Cincinnati at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
Oakes Fegley

**Oakes Tonne Fegley** (; born November 11, 2004) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in  ''Pete's Dragon* (2016), *Wonderstruck* (2017), *The Goldfinch* (2019), *The War with Grandpa* (2020), *The Fabelmans* (2022), *Adam the First* (2024), and *Dark Matter'' (2024). 

## References
## Other websites
*
The Odyssey (2026 movie)

***The Odyssey*** is an upcoming epic action fantasy movie that is written, produced, and directed by Christopher Nolan. It is based on the epic poem of the same name by Homer. It will be distributed by Universal Pictures. 

The movie stars Matt Damon as Odysseus, the Ancient Greek king of Ithaca, and is about his journey home after the Trojan War to reunite with his wife, Penelope. 

The movie also stars Tom Holland as Telemachus, Anne Hathaway as Penolope, Zendaya as Athena,  Lupita Nyong'o as Clymestra, Robert Pattinson as Hermes,Charlize Theron as Circe and Jon Bernthal as Menanus.

With a budget of $250&nbsp;million, it is set to be the most expensive movie of Nolan's career. It will be the first blockbuster to be shot entirely using IMAX movie cameras.

*The Odyssey* is set to be released in the United States on July 17, 2026.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ramazan Nuristani

**Ramazan Nuristani** (born in 1932, date of death unknown) was a field hockey player from Afghanistan.

He was one of the players who represented Afghanistan in field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.

## References
Graham Finlay

**Graham Paul Finlay** (born 3 February 1936 in Greymouth, died 29 July 2018 in Christchurch) was a boxer from New Zealand. He competed in the welterweight category.

He represented New Zealand in boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.

## References
Burns, Baby Burns

"**Burns, Baby Burns**" is the 4th episode of the 8th season of *The Simpsons*. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 17, 1996.

## Other websites
*
Welcome to Pooh Corner

***Welcome to Pooh Corner*** is an American live action puppet preschool television series that aired on Disney Channel on April 18, 1983 to May 30, 1986, with 115 episodes, 5 holiday specials, and 4 educational shorts. On May 30, 1997, the program reruns on Disney Channel to move to Playhouse Disney. The series uses tell stories along with *The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh* featured by puppets, it derives from the second *Winnie the Pooh* storybook, *The House at Pooh Corner*.
Leonard Stone

**Leonard Stone** (November 3, 1923 – November 2, 2011) was an American actor He played Sam Beauregarde in *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory* (1971).

Stone died on 2 November 2011 from a cancer after just one day before his 88th birthday in Encinitas, California, aged 87.

## References
Ursula Reit

**Ursula Reit** (5 March 1914 – 9 November 1998), also known as **Ursula Reith**, was a German actress. She played for role as Mrs. Gloop in *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory* (1971).

Reit died on November 9, 1998 in Germany from Natural causes, although details about her death and personal life are unknown. He was 84 years old.

## References
Peter Capell

**Peter Capell** (3 September 1912 &ndash; 3 March 1986) was a German actor who played for role the Tinker in *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory*.

Capell died in Munich, West Germany on March 3, 1986, aged 73.

## References
Günter Meisner

**Günter Meisner** (18 April 1926 – 5 December 1994) was a German actor. He played for his role as Arthur Slugworth / Mr. Wilkinson in *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory*.

Meisner died in Berlin on 5 December 1994 at the aged of 68 of heart failure.

## References
Aubrey Woods

**Aubrey Harold Woods** (9 April 1928 &ndash; 7 May 2013) was an British actor. He playing Bill in *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory*, where he sang "The Candy Man".

Woods died of the natural causes aged 85, on 7 May 2013, at his home in Barrow-in-Furness.

## References
David Battley

**David John Battley** (5 November 1935 – 20 January 2003) was an British actor. He played Mr. Turkentine in the 1971 movie *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory*.

Battley died on 20 January 2003 from a heart attack brought on by his injuries in Epsom, Surrey, aged 67.

## References
Michael Böllner

**Michael Böllner** (born September 14, 1958) is a German tax accountant who used to be an former child actor. He played Augustus Gloop in the 1971 movie *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory*. He has not acted in any movies since then.

## Other websites
*
Noor Ullah Nuristani

**Noor Ullah Nuristani** (born in 1932, date of death unknown) was a field hockey player from Afghanistan.

He was one of the players who represented Afghanistan in field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.

## References
Julie Dawn Cole

**Julie Dawn Cole** (born 26 October 1957) is an British psychotherapist who had been a former child actress. She played Veruca Salt in the 1971 movie *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory*. She played Arabella on series 1 and 2 of *...And Mother Makes Three* in 1971–1972.

## Other websites
*
Paris Themmen

**Paris Themmen** (born June 25, 1959) is an American actor who used to be an former child actor. He played Mike Teavee in *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory* in 1971. He has not acted in any movies since then.

## Other websites
*
Nora Denny

**Nora Denney** (September 3, 1927 – November 20, 2005), also credited as **Dodo Denney**, was an American actress. She played for role as Mrs. Teavee in *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory* (1971).

Denney died of the cancer on November 20, 2005, aged 78.

## References
Ai wa Katsu

is a pop song written and recorded by Japanese singer-songwriter Kan, released as his eighth single in September 1990. It was initially featured on his album *Yakyū Senshu ga Yume datta*. The song became his first charting hit and the most successful single, selling over two million copies. It has been considered his signature song.

## Release
"Ai wa Katsu" is the first track of *Yakyu Senshu ga Yume datta*, Kan's fifth studio album released on July 25, 1990. Inspired by one of his most respected American singer Billy Joel, he wished to write a song as  as Joel's Uptown Girl. "Ai wa Katsu" was the opening theme of a quiz show of TV Asahi in summer 1990, and released as the second single from the album.

For promotion, "Ai wa Katsu" first got  airplay on Kansai district's radio stations. The song had more attention in other Japanese regions, giving him the first chart entry. It was featured on the popular variety show *Yamada Katsutenai TV* of Fuji Television, lifting the single to the summit of the Oricon Albums Chart by December 1990.

## Cover versions
* On August 28, 1991, Hong Kong singer Jacky Cheung covered it under 壯志驕陽 ("An Aspiring Sun") for his album 一顆不變心 ("An Unwavering Heart") 
* On October 6, 2010, voice actor Shintarō Asanuma covered it for "Ōkami-san to Shichinin no Nakamatachi – Character Song Album – Otogi Songs Best 10".
* On May 25, 2011, voice actor Jun Fukuyama covered it for his third album "*Fukuyama Jun, Ai wo Utau!*". 

## Other media
* The song was performed by the main character Jiro Suzuki in episode 6 of the anime カラオケ戦士マイク次郎 ("Karaoke Senshi Mike Jirou").
* On May 6, 2020, staff of the Shizuoka Gakuen Junior and Senior High School performed the song to encourage students during COVID-19. The video has been uploaded to its official YouTube channel.

## Track listing
All songs written by Kan:

## Personnel
Credits adapted from *Yakyū Senshu ga Yume datta* album sleeve notes.

* Kan: lead vocals
* Shingo Kobayashi: Piano, synthesizer
* Eiji Shimamura: Drums
* Tsuyoshi Kon: guitar
* Kenji Takamizu: bass
* Wornell Jones: chorus
* J.T. Jamm: chorus

## Awards
### Japan Record Awards
|-
|  style="width:35px; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 1991 ||rowspan="2"|  "Ai wa Katsu" || Japan Record Award – Pop/Rock  || 
|-
|Gold Disc Prize – Pop/Rock || 
|-

### Japan Gold Disc Awards
|-
| width="35" align="center"|1991|| "Ai wa Katsu" || The Best 5 Singles of Year || 
|-

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
### All-time charts
### Certifications
## Related pages
* Hikaru Utada
* Akina Nakamori
* Hideaki Tokunaga

## Footnotes
## References
R. Martin Klein

**R. Martin Klein** (born October 1, 1947) is an American actor. He is the current voice of Tony in the *Alpha and Omega* franchise, replacing the late Dennis Hopper.
Machine Girl (Band)

**Machine Girl** (sometimes written as **machin3gir1**) is an American electronic music project. It was started in 2013 by Matt Stephenson, who is also known as DJ Chaotic Ugly. In 2015, Sean Kelly joined the project as a drummer for live shows. In 2024, Lucy Caputi joined the live shows as a guitarist.

In 2022, Machine Girl made the soundtrack for the video game *Neon White*. The music has two parts: *The Wicked Heart* and *The Burn That Cures*. The music fits the story of the game.

The name Machine Girl comes from a 2008 Japanese action film called *The Machine Girl*. The project used sounds from the movie in their 2014 album *WLFGRL*.

## Members 
* Matt Stephenson – does music production, plays bass guitar, and sings. He started the project in 2012 and is still a member.
* Sean Kelly – plays drums. He joined in 2015.
* Lucy Caputi – plays guitar. She joined in 2025 for live shows.

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
* *WLFGRL* (2014)
* *Gemini* (2015)
* ''...Because I'm Young Arrogant and Hate Everything You Stand For* (2017)
* *The Ugly Art* (2018)
* *U-Void Synthesizer* (2020)
* *MG Ultra* (2024)

### Extended plays 
* *Electronic Gimp Music EP* (2013)
* *13th Hour EP* (2013)
* *GRLPWR EP* (2013)
* *MACHINE GIRL VS MACHINE GIRL* (2016)
* *RePorpoised Phantasies* (2020)
* *SUPER FREQ EP* (2024)

### Singles 
* "Gravity Diva" (2012)
* "Emerald Juke / Krystle (Glitch Mix)" (2014)
* "Killing of the Bird / Lifeforce" (2015)
* "Costume / Fuqthatlil" (2016)
* "Minnesota / Explode" (2016)
* "Yesterday (Machine Girl Remix)" (2023)
* "Concerning Peace (Machine Girl Remix)" (2023)
* "Until I Die" (2024)
* "Motherfather" (2024)
* "Psychic Attack" (2024)
* "Ass2Mars (Squarepusher Remix)" (2025)
* "Ass2Mars (LSDXOXO Remix)" (2025)

### Soundtracks 
* *Neon White Soundtrack Part 1 "The Wicked Heart"* (2022)
* *Neon White Soundtrack Part 2 "The Burn That Cures"'' (2022)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
* Machine Girl discography at Discogs
Air raids on Japan

The most notable **air raids on Japan** occurred in the closing stages of the war, where two nuclear bombs were dropped which caused the end of World War 2. The first air raid on Japan was the Doolittle Raid by the United States Air Force. The bombing operations against Japan continued until Japan's surrender.

## References
Okuku River

**Okuku River** is a river in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand.

It flows mostly to the south, starting from small rivers near the Puketeraki Range (on the eastern side). This area is west of the town of Waikari.

## References
Kingsmead Cricket Ground

**Kingsmead Cricket Ground** is in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. It opened in the 1922–23 season, and staged its first Test match in January 1923. The ground has a seating capacity of 25,000.

## References
Newlands Cricket Ground

**Newlands Cricket Ground** is in Cape Town. It opened in 1888, and staged its first Test match in March 1889. The ground has a seating capacity of 25,000.

## References
Zhu Li Lan

**Zhu Lilan** (, born March 11, 1997) is a Chinese actress and singer. She graduated from the Beijing Film Academy and made her debut in the 2016 film *Male Fox Liaozhai*.

## Filmography 
### Films 
### Television / Web Series 
## Awards 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Zhu Lilan on Douyin (archived)
* 
* Zhu Lilan on Xiaohongshu
Old Man of the Mountain

The **Old Man of the Mountain** was a famous rock formation in the United States. It was also called the **Great Stone Face** and **the Profile**. The formation was made of five granite cliff ledges on Cannon Mountain in Franconia, New Hampshire.

When people looked at it from the north, the rocks looked like the side of a human face. The formation was 1,200 feet (370 meters) above Profile Lake. It was 40 feet (12 meters) tall and 25 feet (7.6 meters) wide.

The Abenaki people called the formation "Stone Face." It is an important symbol in their culture. It is also a symbol for the Mohawk people.

The first written record of the Old Man was in 1805. It later became a famous landmark and a cultural symbol for the state of New Hampshire. Since 1945, it has been used as a state emblem.

The rock formation fell down on May 3, 2003. Some people wanted to rebuild it, but that idea was not accepted. Even though it no longer exists, the Old Man is still shown on New Hampshire’s license plates and in many other places.

## References
Telmatobius hintoni

***Telmatobius hintoni*** is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia.

## Home
This frog spends almost all its time in the water.  It lives in streams that stay streams all year and do not dry up.  It lives high in the Andes Mountains. Scientists saw this frog between  2700 and 4400  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog in one protected park: Parque Nacional Tunari.

## Young
The male frogs call to the female frogs from underwater or from rocks.  They do not have to climb out of the water to call to female frogs.

Scientists think that the male frogs guard the eggs but they are not sure. Scientists saw male *T. hontoni* frogs fight each other, but they are not sure if they fought to protect the eggs or not.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in some danger of dying out. Human beings changed the places where the frog lived to make farms, towns and other things. People also put bad chemicals in the water and take water to use. Scientists have found the fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* on this frog. *B. dendrobatidis* causes the fungal disease chytridiomycosis, which has killed many frogs in South America.

## First paper
*

## References
United States and allied war crimes in the Vietnam War

During the **Vietnam War** (1955–1975) the United States, alongside allies like South Korea, committed war crimes. These included murder, rape, and torture. 

From 1965 to 1973, the United States and its allies committed war crimes against both North and South Vietnam.

## United States 
### My Lai massacre 
On 16 March, 1968, the United States Armed Forces entered My Lai village because they suspected that at least one Viet Cong soldier was hiding there. They did not find any soldiers in the village. 

Instead of leaving, they began shooting the people in the village, mostly women and children. Rapes occurred. 

U.S. soldier Hugh Thompson Jr. ended the killing spree. He threatened to shoot the soldiers who were killing people if they didn't stop. He also began rescuing the remaining residents of My Lai. 

This was perhaps the first report of US war crimes in the Vietnam War, leading to mass protests and demonstrations in the U.S. against the Vietnam War.

### Sơn Thắng massacre 
In Sơn Thắng on 19 February, 1970, the United States Marines massacred 16 civilians (including 7 women and 8 children).

### Incident on Hill 192 
A gang rape and massacre of NVA soldiers by four US soldiers happened in November of 1966. 4 American soldiers killed 13 NVA soldiers and skinned bodies, beheaded, dismembered, disemboweled including eat some bodies of NVA soldiers . The victim in rape was Phan Thi Mao, a Vietnamese woman. The event only caught attention three years later, when *The New Yorker* magazine published an article regarding the rape. Four soldiers were charged for their crimes, but all of them were reduced later.

### Thủy Bồ incident 
From 31 January to 1 February 1967, the US Marines fired shots against women, children, infants and elderly people in Thủy Bồ village. A total of 145 civilians were killed in the attacks. The village was described as "friendly" towards US forces before the event.

## South Korea 
### Phong Nhất–Phong Nhị massacres 
On 12 February, 1968, the South Korean army massacred hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians in Phong Nhat and Phong Nhi villages.

### Hà My massacre 
On 21 February, 1968. South Korean soldiers killed 135 unarmed civilians, including women, children, and elderly people. Like Phong Nhất and Phong Nhị, the South Korean government never acknowledged the part it played in the massacre.

## Other information
The United States, alongside countries like South Korea, were using chemical and biological weapons like Agent Orange on civilians in both North and South Vietnam from 1965 to 1973.

## Related pages 
*War crimes during the Vietnam War
* Gulag
* Unit 731

## References
Eden Park

**Eden Park** is an international cricket ground in Auckland, New Zealand. It opened in 1900, and staged its first Test match in February 1930. The ground has a seating capacity of 42,000.

## References
Wanderers Stadium

**Wanderers Stadium** is in Johannesburg, Gauteng. It opened in 1956, and staged its first Test match in December of the same year. The ground has a seating capacity of 34,000. It was called the **New Wanderers** when it opened, because it had ultimately replaced the famous Old Wanderers Stadium, which was demolished in 1946 to be replaced by a railway station.

## References
Guy of Lusignan

**Guy of Lusignan** ( 1150 – 18 July 1194) was King of Jerusalem. At first, he was the husband of and co-ruler with Queen Sibylla from 1186 to 1190. He later became the disputed ruler from 1190 to 1192. He was also Lord of Cyprus from 1192 to 1194.

## More readings
* 
* 
* 

## References
Lord's

'''Lord's Cricket Ground**, generally known as **Lord's''', is a cricket venue in St John's Wood, north London, and was opened in 1814. It is named after its founder, Thomas Lord, and is owned by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).

The present ground is the third of three established by Lord between 1787 and 1814. His first, now referred to as Lord's Old Ground, was where Dorset Square now stands. His second, Lord's Middle Ground, was used from 1811 to 1813 before it had to be abandoned. It was on the route of the Regent's Canal, then under construction.

Lord's stages international and county cricket on a regular basis. It staged its first Test match in July 1884. England play at least one Test at Lord's every year, in addition to other international matches. Middlesex County Cricket Club is a long-term tenant at Lord's, and its team use the ground for most of their home matches in the County Championship and other domestic competitions. The ground has a seating capacity of 31,100.

## References
## Bibliography
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Ascalon

**Ascalon** or **Ashkelon** was an ancient Near East port city on the Mediterranean coast of the southern Levant. Its remains are located in the archaeological site of **Tel Ashkelon**, within the city limits of the modern Israeli city of Ashkelon. 

## References
Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem

**Sibylla** ( – 25 July 1190) was the queen of Jerusalem from 1186 to 1190. She reigned alongside her husband Guy of Lusignan.

## References
Estranger Things

"**Estranger Things**" is the 18th and final episode of the 36th season of *The Simpsons*. It was first shown on the Fox network on May 18, 2025.

## Other websites
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Hagley Oval

**Hagley Oval** is an international cricket ground in Christchurch, New Zealand. It opened in 1851, and staged its first Test match in December 2014. The ground has a capacity of 18,000. It became the home venue of Canterbury after Lancaster Park was ruined in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake.

## References
Zengid dynasty

The **Zengid** or **Zangid dynasty**, also known as the **Atabegate of Mosul, Aleppo and Damascus** was initially an *Atabegate* of the Seljuk Empire created in 1127. It formed a Turkoman dynasty of Sunni Muslim faith, which ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. Imad ad-Din Zengi was the first ruler of the dynasty.

## References
Counts and viscounts of Châteaudun

The **County of Châteaudun** was held in the 9th century by counts who also held the County of Blois. Theobald I was the first viscount of Châteaudun with the appointment of Geoffrey I, founder of the House of Châteaudun. The viscounts were in charge of the government of the county of Châteaudun.

## Counts of Châteaudun
These are the known counts of Châteaudun:
* William (through 834), also count of Blois, reportedly killed by Hastein, Viking chieftain and compatriot of Björn Ironside, son of Ragnar Lothbrok.
* Odo I (834–871), brother of Robert the Strong (count of Anjou), also count of Troyes, Anjou and Blois.
* Odo II (871–886), son of the previous, also count of Troyes
* Robert I (through 886), son of the previous, also count of Troyes
* Adalelm (886–894), nephew of the previous, also count of Troyes.
The period between Adalelm and Theobald is uncertain, but may have been filled by Counts Warnelad and Gello.
* Theobald the Trickster (through  975), also count of Blois and Chartres
* Odo I (975–996), son of the previous, also count of Blois and Chartres
* Theobald II (996–1004), son of the previous and stepson of Robert the Pious, also count of Blois and Chartres
* Odo II (1004–1037), brother of the previous, also count of Troyes, Blois, Chartres, Beauvais and Tours.

## Notes
Manuel I Komnenos

**Manuel I Komnenos** (28 November 1118 – 24 September 1180), Latinized as **Comnenus**, also called **Porphyrogenitus** was a Byzantine emperor of the 12th century. Manuel Komnenos was the fourth son of John II Komnenos and Irene of Hungary. 

## References
## Other websites
* Manuel coinage
Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem

**Melisende** ( 1110 – 11 September 1161) was the queen of Jerusalem from 1131 to 1152. She was the first female ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the first woman to hold a public office in the crusader kingdom.

## References
## Other websites
* Letters from and to Queen Melisende
* Melisende, Queen of Melisende on the BBC's *In Our Time*
Baldwin II of Jerusalem

**Baldwin II**, also known as **Baldwin of Bourcq**  ( – 21August 1131), was Count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and King of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death. He traveled with Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land during the First Crusade.

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## References
## Other websites
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Baldwin I of Jerusalem

**Baldwin I** (1060s – 2 April 1118) was the first count of Edessa from 1098 to 1100 and king of Jerusalem from 1100 to his death in 1118. He was the youngest son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine. He was one of the most successful commanders of the First Crusade.

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Godfrey of Bouillon

**Godfrey of Bouillon** ( 1060 – 18 July 1100) was a well known leader of the First Crusade. He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100. At first, he did not want the title of king, but he later agreed to rule as prince (*princeps*) under the title *Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri*, or Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre.

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## References
## Other websites
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Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day

***Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day*** is a second story of *The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh* released on 20 December 1968 in the US and 19 October 1969 in the UK.
Eric Sorensen

**Eric Sorensen** ( ; born March 18, 1976) is an American meteorologist and politician. He has been the U.S. representative from  since 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Sorensen is the first openly gay member of Congress from Illinois.

## References
## Other websites
*Congressman Eric Sorensen official U.S. House website
* Eric Sorensen for Illinois campaign website
* 
*
Mike Bost

**Michael Joseph Bost** ( ; born December 30, 1960) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He has been the U.S. representative for Illinois's 12th congressional district since 2015. From 1995 to 2015, Bost was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Mike Bost official U.S. House website
* Mike Bost for Congress
*
*
Darin LaHood

**Darin McKay LaHood** ( ; born July 5, 1968) is an American attorney and politician. He has been the U.S. representative from Illinois since 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. LaHood has represented the 16th district since 2023. He represented the 18th district from 2015 to 2023. He was in the Illinois Senate from the 37th legislative district from 2011 to 2015.

His father is Ray LaHood, the 16th United States secretary of transportation and former congressman.

## References
## Other websites
*U.S. Representative Darin LaHood official U.S. House website
*Campaign website 
*
*
Illinois's 18th congressional district

The **18th congressional district of Illinois** covered central and western Illinois, including all of Jacksonville and Quincy and parts of Bloomington, Peoria, and Springfield. It covered much of the territory represented by Abraham Lincoln during his single term in the House.

It was last represented by Republican Darin LaHood.

After the 2020 U.S. census, the 18th district was eliminated ahead of the 2022 elections.

## References
Ólafur Benediktsson

**Ólafur Benediktsson** (born August 3, 1952) is an Icelandic handball player.

He played for Iceland at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. His team finished in 12th place.

## References
Baldwin III of Jerusalem

**Baldwin III** (1130 – 10 February 1163) was the king of Jerusalem from 1143 to 1163. He was the oldest son of Queen Melisende and King Fulk. He became king while still a child. Since he had no children at the time of his death, he was succeeded by his brother Amalric.

## References
Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too

***Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too*** is a third story of *The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh* released on 21 October 1974 in the US and 27 December 1974 in the UK.
Nickelodeon Super Brawl

***Nickelodeon Super Brawl*** is a series of Nickelodeon-themed fighting games. Most of the games are web games made with Adobe Flash or HTML5, with 2 newer games made for consoles and PC.

## Games 
* **Jingle Brawl** (later renamed to **Super Brawl**) is the first game in the series and is made with Adobe Flash. It was released on the Nick.com website in 2010
* **Super Brawl 2** is the next game in the series, releasing in December 2010. It is similar to the first game, but has adds a new game mode called "Tag Team" and more characters
* **Super Brawl 3: Good vs Evil** is a game from March 2013. 
** **Super Brawl 3: Just Got Real** is an April fools' version of Super Brawl 3, but with real photos as the characters instead of drawings.

* **Super Hero Brawl 4** is a game from 2015 that features superhero versions of the playable characters.
* **Super Brawl World** is the last web game in the series.
* **Super Brawl Universe** is a mobile game released in 2019. It is no longer available on Apple's App Store or Google Play
* **Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl** is the first game that is available on consoles and PC in the series.
* **Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl 2** is the most recent game, also available on consoles and PC.
The Quitter (1929 film)

***The Quitter*** is a 1929 American drama movie directed by Joseph Henabery. It stars Ben Lyon, Dorothy Revier, Fred Kohler, Henry Otto and Jacqueline Gadsden. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
*
Eye of the Tiger (movie)

***Eye of the Tiger*** is a 1986 American action movie directed by Richard C. Sarafian and starring Gary Busey, Yaphet Kotto, Seymour Cassel, William Smith, Judith Barsi, Kimberlin Brown. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

## Other websites
* 
*
1997-98 Austrian football championship

The **1997-98 Austrian Football Championship** was organized by the Austrian Football Bundesliga. It was sponsored by the Austrian mobile phone operator max.mobil for the first time this season. Therefore the top division was called the "max. Bundesliga". 

The last time the teams in the 2nd Division of the Austrian Bundesliga. It underwent a reform after the end of the season and was renamed the *First Division*. The third tier was represented by the regional leagues East (Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland), Central (Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia) and West (Salzburg, Tyrol, Vorarlberg).

## Final table 
## Matches 
### Round 1
### Round 2
### Round 3
### Round 4
### Round 5
### Round 6
### Round 7
### Round 8
### Round 9
### Round 10
### Round 11
### Round 12
### Round 13
### Round 14
### Round 15
### Round 16
### Round 17
### Round 18
### Round 19
### Round 20
### Round 21
### Round 22
### Round 23
### Round 24
### Round 25
### Round 26
### Round 27
### Round 28
### Round 29
### Round 30
### Round 31
### Round 32
### Round 33
### Round 34
### Round 35
### Round 36
## Champion squad 
(matches/goals)

## Top scorer
## References
War crimes during the Vietnam War

**War crimes during the Vietnam War** included rape, massacres of civilians, bombings of civilian targets, terrorism, torture, and murder of prisoners of war. These crimes were committed by soldiers on both sides of the Vietnam War. Sometimes there was no military reason for these actions.

In addition, soldiers on both sides committed common crimes like theft, arson, and the destruction of property. 

## South Vietnamese, Korean and American
]]
South Vietnamese, Korean, and American soldiers committed war crimes during the Vietnam War. 

In the 1968 My Lai Massacre, American soldiers murdered hundreds of Vietnamese civilians who had no weapons and were not fighting back.

### Phong Nhất–Phong Nhị massacres 
South Korean soldiers massacred hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians in Phong Nhat and Phong Nhi villages on February 12, 1968. Around 280 people were killed. The South Korean government never acknowledged its part in these massacres.

## North Vietnamese and Viet Cong
Notable Viet Cong war crimes include the massacre of over 3,000 unarmed civilians at Huế and the killing of 252 civilians during the Đắk Sơn massacre. 

In 1975, around 155,000 refugees fleeing the North Vietnamese Spring Offensive were reported to have been killed or abducted on the road to Tuy Hòa. 

PAVN/Viet Cong troops killed 164,000 civilians in  between 1954-75 in South Vietnam. North Vietnam was known for its abusive treatment of American POWs, most notably in Hỏa Lò Prison (the *Hanoi Hilton*), where torture was done to extract confessions.

## Related pages
*Vietnam War
*North Vietnam and South Vietnam
*Communism
*War crimes by the United States, South Vietnam and Korea during the Vietnam War

## Sources
Better Things (TV series)

***Better Things*** is an American television series. It was created by Pamela Adlon and Louis C.K.. The show aired on FX from September 2016 to April 2022. The series stars Pamela Adlon as Sam Fox, a single mother raising three daughters while working as an actress in Los Angeles.

## Plot 
*Better Things* follows Sam Fox, a single mother of three daughters. Each child has their own personality, and Sam tries to balance parenting, acting work, and her personal life. She also cares for her aging mother. The show is known for its honest and sometimes painful, yet humorous look at everyday life. It avoids over-the-top drama and focuses on real human experiences. The tone is direct, emotional, and often quiet.

## Reception 
*Better Things* was praised by critics for its realism and emotional depth. The show mixes humor and serious moments, often within the same scene. Critics said the camera work and direction made the viewer feel close to the main character. Pamela Adlon wrote and directed many episodes herself, which gave the show a consistent tone. Reviewers gave it 84 out of 100 points in some sources.

## Cast 
* Pamela Adlon as Sam Fox
* Mikey Madison as Max
* Hannah Alligood as Frankie
* Olivia Edward as Duke
* Celia Imrie as Phyllis
* Diedrich Bader as Rich
* Rebecca Metz as Tressa
* Matthew Glave as Xander
* Kevin Pollak as Marion
* Lucy Davis as Macy
* Henry Thomas, Janina Gavankar, and others

For the full cast list, see: Complete Cast on fernsehserien.tv

## Streaming 
The show is available on platforms like Disney+ and MagentaTV in some countries.

## References 
* Better Things on fernsehserien.tv
Maritime republics

: Venice, Genoa, Amalfi, Pisa, Noli, Ancona, Ragusa, Gaeta.]]
The **maritime republics**, also called **merchant republics**, were Italian thalassocratic port cities which started during the Middle Ages. 

Usually these republics were Italian cities, whose coats of arms have been shown since 1947 on the flags of the Italian Navy and the Italian Merchant Navy: Amalfi, Genoa, Pisa, and Venice. Also to the four best known cities, Ancona, Gaeta, Noli, and, in Dalmatia, Ragusa, were thought to be maritime republics.

## References
Jaffa

behind]]
**Jaffa**, also called **Japho**, **Joppa** or **Joppe** in English, is an ancient Levantine port city which is part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. It is located in its southern part. The city is on top of a naturally elevated space on the Mediterranean coastline.

The city is mentioned in many ancient Egyptian and Assyrian documents. Biblically, Jaffa is known as one of the boundaries of the tribe of Dan.

Ancient Jaffa was built on a  high kurkar sandstone ridge.

## References
WrestleMania 38

**WrestleMania 38** was the 38th WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on April 2 and 3, 2022, at the AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The event brought together superstars from the company's Raw and SmackDown brands, showcasing some of the most memorable matches and championship showdowns in recent WrestleMania history.

## Background 
Following the success of WrestleMania 37, which was also a two-night event, WWE announced in January 2022 that WrestleMania 38 would follow the same format. This marked the third time in history that WrestleMania spanned two nights. AT&T Stadium, home of the Dallas Cowboys, had previously hosted WrestleMania 32 in 2016, and once again became the grand stage for the WWE Universe.

## Main Matches and highlights 
### Night 1 
In the main match of the first night, Stone Cold Steve Austin made his long-awaited return to the ring for the first time since WrestleMania XIX in 2003. Kevin Owens invited Austin as a special guest of his talk show "The KO Show". Owens then challenged Austin to a No Holds Barred match, which Austin accepted and won.

## Results 
### Night 1 
### Night 2 
## References
## Other websites 
*