open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mohsen Fakhrizadeh

**Mohsen Fakhrizadeh Mahabadi** (; 195827 November 2020) was an Iranian nuclear physicist. He was a professor of physics at Imam Hussein University in Tehran. Among the victims of the killing of Iranian nuclear scientists, he was murdered in the ambush on November 27, 2020.

## Career
He also was a brigadier general in the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, senior scientist in the Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics and the former head of the Physics Research Center (PHRC) at Lavizan-Shian.

Fakhrizadeh was believed by many countries as being in charge of Iran's nuclear programme, Project 111, which tried to help the country create a nuclear bomb.

## Death
On 27 November 2020, Fakhrizadeh was shot and killed while traveling in a car near Tehran. After he was fatally shot, the attack began when a truck carrying explosives hidden under a load of wood exploded near his car. His three bodyguards were also killed before the bomb attack. He was 62 years old. Another car was also exploded and destroyed.

## More readings
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## References
El Trece

**Channel 13** (known by its current brand name **El Trece**, stylized as **eltrece**) is an Argentine free-to-air television network. It is also the main station of the network of the same name. It is located in the capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires. It is owned by Grupo Clarín.

## Special Events
Since 1994, the chain has carried out, together with UNICEF, the program **un sol para los chicos** (A sun for chidrens), dedicated exclusively to the donation of money for this institution, by companies and viewers.  The latter are encouraged through telephone games with famous people and raffles.  The program has several hosts throughout the transmission and most of the network's figures also participate;  it is issued every year, on Children's Day, generally lasting 9 hours.  During the program, concerts are held for the same purpose of raising funds.

## Studies
The canal has its major studios and central control in the Constitución neighborhood, in front of the interchange junction of Autopista 25 de Mayo and Avenida 9 de Julio, in the City of Buenos Aires.  They are accessed through Calle Lima 1261 and Calle Cochabamba 1153. Not all programs are carried out in these facilities, since some - mainly fictions - are carried out in the studios of the associated production companies.

## References
Tevita Momoedonu

**Ratu Tevita Momoedonu** (January 13, 1946 – November 26, 2020) was a Fijian politician. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Fiji twice. His first term of office lasted only on 27 May 2000 for only a few minutes.  His second term lasted for two days from 14 to 16 March 2001. He was born in Lautoka, Fiji. He was a member of the Labour Party.

Momoedonu died in Lautoka on November 26, 2020 at the age of 74.

## References
Cecilia Fusco

**Cecilia Fusco** (10 June 1933 – 26 November 2020) was an Italian operatic soprano and voice teacher. She appeared many times at La Scala in Milan. She was born in Rome. 

In a career to the end of the 1970s, she appeared at many Italian and foreign opera houses, including La Fenice in Venice, the Teatro Comunale di Bologna, the Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi, the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, the Teatro Massimo Vittorio Emanuele of Palermo, the Teatro Massimo Bellini of Catania, the Teatro Regio di Parma, the Teatro della Pergola of Florence, the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, the Teatro Petruzzelli in Bari.

Fusco died on 26 November 2020 in Rome from COVID-19, aged 87.

## References
National Library of Poland

The **National Library** (Polish: *Biblioteka Narodowa*) is the central Polish library. It is managed by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland. 

The library collects books, journals, electronic and audiovisual publications published in the territory of Poland. It also collects materials related with polish culture published abroad. It is the most important humanities research library. It is also the main archive of Polish writing and the state centre of bibliographic information about books. The role of gathered collections is great in case of any scientific activity. It is an important methodological center for other Polish libraries. A Copy of every book published in Poland is placed in this library.

## Organizational structure 
There are three general sections:

* The Library
* The Bibliographic Institute of the National Library
* The Book and Readership Institute

## History 
The national library of Poland was created in 18th century. Initially, it was called the Załuski Library. First resources of library were the collections of John III Sobieski. Later, this collection was confiscated by Russian troops and placed in Imperial Public Library. 

When Poland regained her independence in 1918, there was no central institution to serve in the capacity of a national library. Recreation of National Library of Poland was made on 24 February 1928, by the decree of president Ignacy Mościcki. It was opened in 1930 and initially had 200 thousand volumes. Its first Director General was Stefan Demby. In 1934, the Director has been changed. Stefan Vrtel-Wierczyński became the new Director.

## Collections 
Today the collections of the National Library are one of the largest in the country. There are 7,900,000 volumes (2004) held in the library in total.  Among them, there are 160,000 objects printed before 1801, over 26,000 manuscripts (including 6,887 music manuscripts), over 114,000 music prints and 400,000 drawings. The library collections also include photographs and other iconographic documents, more than 101,000 atlases and maps, over 2,000,000 ephemera, as well as over 2,000,000 books and about 800,000 copies of journals from the 19th to 21st centuries. Notable items in the collection include 151 leaves of the *Codex Suprasliensis*, which was included in UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2007 because of its popularity, meaning and prestige in Poland and other countries.

In 2012 the library signed an agreement to add 1.3 million Polish library records to WorldCat.
French Football Federation

The **French Football Federation** (**FFF**) () is the governing body of football in France. It also is the governing body of football in Monaco. It was formed in 1919. It is based in Paris, which is the capital of France. The FFF was a founding member of FIFA.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site 
*France at FIFA site
*France at UEFA site
Jonathan Tunick

**Jonathan Tunick** (born April 19, 1938) is an American orchestrator, musical director, and composer. He is one of sixteen people to have won all four major American show business awards: the Tony Awards, Academy Awards, Emmy Awards and Grammy Awards.

He is best known for his work with Stephen Sondheim, starting in 1970 with *Company*. He was born in New York City.

## References
Scott Rudin

**Scott Rudin** (born July 14, 1958) is an American movie, television and theater producer. 

His movies produced include the Academy Award-winning Best Picture *No Country for Old Men,* as well as *Lady Bird, Fences, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Social Network, School of Rock, Zoolander, The Truman Show, The First Wives Club, Clueless, The Addams Family,* and eight Wes Anderson movies*.* 

On Broadway, he has won seventeen Tony Awards for shows such as *The Book of Mormon, Hello, Dolly!*, *The Humans, A View from the Bridge, Fences,* and *Passion*. 

In 2012, Rudin became one of the few people who have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award, and the first producer to do so.

## References
Robert Lopez

**Robert Lopez** (born February 23, 1975), also known as **Bobby Lopez**, is an American songwriter. He is best known for co-creating *The Book of Mormon* and *Avenue Q*.

He also co-wrote the songs heard in the Disney computer-animated movies *Frozen*, its sequel, *Frozen II*, and *Coco*, with his wife Kristen Anderson-Lopez. 

He is one of the few people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award and is the only person to win each award twice.

## References
Kristen Anderson-Lopez

**Kristen Anderson-Lopez** (born March 21, 1972) is an American songwriter and lyricist. She is known for co-writing the songs for the 2013 animated movie *Frozen* with her husband Robert Lopez. 

Anderson-Lopez won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Let It Go" from *Frozen* and "Remember Me" from *Coco* (2017). She also won two Grammy Awards.

## References
Irene Bedard

**Irene Bedard** (born July 22, 1967) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for the role of Suzy Song in the 1998 movie *Smoke Signals* and for the voice of the main character in the 1995 animated Disney movie *Pocahontas*.

She was chosen in 1995 as one of *People* magazine's '50 Most Beautiful People'.

## References
Maria Piechotka

**Maria Piechotka** (12 July 1920 – 28 November 2020) was a Polish politician and architect. She was a member of the Sejm from 1961 to 1965, representing the Warsaw district of Wola. She was a liaison officer during the Warsaw Uprising. Piechotka was born in Kraków, Poland. 

Piechotka died on 28 November 2020 in Warsaw at the age of 100. 

## References
Belarusian Association of Journalists

The **Belarusian Association of Journalists** (BAJ) ( **Biełaruskaja Asacyjacyja Žurnalistaǔ**) is a non-governmental organisation of journalists in Belarus. To have freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information are its desire. It was made in 1995. BAJ is a friend of the International Federation of Journalists, the European Federation of Journalists, and Reporters Without Borders. It got the European Parliament's Sakharov Prize in 2004. It got  in 2021.

On August 27, 2021, the Association was formally closed by the Supreme Court of Belarus. However, it continued to function outside Belarus.

On February 28, 2023, the KGB has designated the Association as an 'extremist formation'; as a result, participation in it can be punished with a prison sentence.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Clive Griffiths (politician)

**Clive Edward Griffiths**  (20 November 1928 – 8 November 2020) was an Australian politician. He was born in South Perth, Western Australia. He was a member of the Liberal Party.

He was a member of the South Perth City Council from 1962 to 1966, and in 1965 was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Council representing South-East Metropolitan Province. 

He was elected President of the Council in 1977. He retired in 1997. He was given the AO. Griffiths was also awarded the Centenary Medal in 2003.

Griffiths died on 8 November 2020, just less than two weeks before his 92nd birthday.

## References
Piriyadha Varam Vendum (TV series)

**Piriyadha Varam Vendum** () ( Want a boon to not separated) is an Indian Tamil-language supernatural drama which aired on Zee Tamil. It starring Vimal Venkatesan in the lead with Madhumitha H and Priyanka Shivanna are the female leads. While Mamilla Shailaja Priya in a pivotal role.

This series started from 17 June 2019 and ended on 1 August 2020.  The story is about A king is torn apart from his lover when his mother murders her to get him married to her niece. However, they are all reborn, which gives the king and his lady-love a second chance to unite.

## Synopsis
A queen named Chitra is seen killing Amaravati, a peasant girl, so that her son, who was in love with her, cannot marry her. The queen did not approve the relationship, as the girl was poor and not of the same caste as the boy. The queen wants to get her son married to her niece Mithrasena. The niece helps the queen in eliminating Amaravati. So they killed Amaravati and the King. 

Now after a millon of years, they all are reborn, which they get a second chance to get unite. Will the king and Amaravati will get unite or not forms rest of the story.

## Cast
* Vimal Venkatesan as Rishi
* Madhumitha H as Durga / Amaravathi
* Priyanka Shivanna as Madhu / Mithrasena
* Mamilla Shailaja Priya as Chitradevi: Rishi's mother 
* Akhila Krishnan as Aparna: Rishi's elder sister 
* Duraimani as Sundarapandi: Rishi's elder brother-in-law; Aparna's husband
* Akshara as Kaveri: Sundarapandi's younger sister 
* Andrew Jesudoss as Ruthraiyya
* Dhekshitha Jaganathan as Durga's sister (2019)

## Production
This series was setup with 17,500 sq.feet of palace with 2 crore of budget.

## International broadcast
The series was released on 17 June 2019 on Zee Tamil. The show was also broadcast internationally on the network's international channels.
* It airs in Sri Lanka, Singapore, the United States, Europe, Malaysia, Mauritius, the Middle East, Africa, East Asia, South Africa, Australasia and North America on Zee Tamil and Zee Tamil HD. 
* Episodes can be viewed with the app OZEE and ZEE5.
* It is also available via Internet TV services Lebara and YuppTV.

## References
## Other websites
* Zee Tamizh Official website
You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)

**You Know My Name** is a comedy song originally performed by The Beatles, and eventually released as the B-Side of Let it Be.
Even Worse

***Even Worse*** is the Fifth album by Weird Al, released in 1988, which helped to revitalize his career after the failure of "Polka Party".
The album was a success.

## Artwork
The artwork for *Even Worse* parodies the famous cover of Michael Jackson's album *Bad*, which depicts Michael Jackson wearing the same outfit which would be in his music video for *Bad*, while for *Even Worse*, Weird Al is wearing a similar styled leather outfit to Michael's outfit. Weird Al would then wear that outfit again for the music video for *Fat*.
The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild

***The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild*** is an adventure game created by Nintendo EPD and Monolith Soft. It was published by Nintendo for Nintendo Switch and Wii U. It was released on March 3, 2017. On April 25, 2019, Nintendo added a new feature that makes the game playable in virtual reality, using Nintendo Labo. Music from the game is available on the Nintendo Music app. 

## Plot 
According to legend, when Ganon returns,  the chosen hero, Link, and the royal princess, Zelda, are destined to defeat him. Ten thousand years ago, a group of people called the Sheikah created technologies for defeating Ganon, called Guardians and Divine Beasts. Once Ganon had been destroyed, the king prohibited this technology, because he thought that Sheikah technology could be used in the future to attack the kingdom. Because of this, the Sheikah split into the Yiga, murderers who followed Ganon and the Sheikah who were still loyal, who went into hiding. 

About a hundred years from the present, Ganon returns. The new king tried to use the Sheikah technology again to defeat Ganon. However, Ganon already controlled Sheikah technology and he used this to attack the kingdom. As a consequence, Link and princess Zelda were defeated by Sheikah technology. Link had to recover for a hundred years and when he woke up in the Shrine of Resurrection, and the game starts. He now has to return in search of Zelda to help her destroy Ganon with the help of clues Zelda left along the way. 

## Development 
Development began in 2013. It took a long time because of all the details they added to it. They used new ideas from developers which made it more original and refreshing. It was a pioneering game and it broke the conventions of the saga, you can walk anywhere in the world even climb mountains, sail rafts, swim, run, walk, explore, fight, or even teleport later on in the game.

An interesting feature of the game is that it is interactive and the characters can respond to you differently depending on what you are wearing. For example, if you are wearing something metallic, like a metal sword, metal shield or metal bow, in a storm, lightning can strike you and kill you, so make sure to unequip your weapons or use wood weapons instead.

It has been extremely successful around the world since it was first published. It has sold around 20 million copies worldwide.

## References
Hydrogel

**Hydrogels** are three-dimensional polymeric networks filled with water. The water content can reach as high as 90-99% depending on the polymer concentration. It contains polymers that are attracted to water, they swell and hold large amounts of water while maintaining their structure due to chemical or physical cross-linking of individual polymer chains. The physical cross-linked hydrogels are easily pulled and relaxed, like a rubber band. The chemically cross-linked hydrogels avoid deformation. The behaviour of hydrogels is typically viscoelastic which is associated with the water and the movement of polymer networks in fluids. Similar to other polymers, there are natural and man-made hydrogels. The man-made hydrogels are also known as synthetic, this allows the hydrogels to have a longer service life, hold more water, and have greater strength. 

There are many types of hydrogels. The most common ones are pH-sensitive hydrogels, which respond to pH changes in the environment. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels, which are affected by how hot or cold the environment is. Electro-sensitive hydrogels, which either shrink or expand when an electric field is applied. Lastly, the light-responsive hydrogels respond to light. 

In many ways hydrogels are similar to our bodies because the human body is made out of mainly water and matrix materials that are surrounded by cells. This is why hydrogels can be used in tissue engineering. Hydrogels are filled with water so they mimic tissue environments, this means they are optimal to deliver cells and repair damaged tissue.
Italian tree frog

The **Italian tree frog** (*Hyla intermedia*) is a frog from Italy.

This frog is green in color with stripes down its sides.

## References
Electrowinning

**Electrowinning** is a manufacturing process for making metals from a solution containing dissolved metal. The process involves passing an electrical current from an inert electrode through the solution containing the metal, to plate the metal to another electrode. Also called electroplating, it is a common process for producing metals like copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, aluminum, and gold among others. Electrowinning is one of the last processes in metal production. It commonly follows leaching which is a process that dissolves minerals into a solution. 

## Process 
The electrical current is passed from the inert electrode, called the anode, and passes through the metal containing solution, called the electrolyte, and the metal is plated on another electrode, called the cathode. The ability to plate a metal depends on the reduction potential. The reduction potential depends on the many factors such as the metal in question, the solution temperature, the pH of the solution and other factors. The rate at which the metal can be produced depends on the amount of current being passed through the solution.

## Industry 
Industrially the process is made up of a square cathode with equal sized anodes on each side so that the metal can be plated evenly on both sides of the cathode. A cell consists of alternating anodes and cathodes, starting and ending with anodes. A production plant consists of many cells allowing for production of lots of metal.
Elu (Portuguese pronoun)

The '''*elu* system'* () is based on a set of linguistic proposals created with the purpose of preparing the Portuguese language with a neuter grammatical gender. The most prominent proposal is the personal neopronouns *elu*, *delu*, *nelu*, and *daquelu*, intended to be a proposal for how to refer to non-binary people (whose gender identity is not male or female) or whose gender is unknown, or irrelevant, as well as groups with different genders, without resorting to the "generic masculine". These proposals can be used by and for anyone, regardless of gender.

The pronoun *elu* tries to present the least number of problems in its use when trying to function smoothly in oral speech, listening, writing and visual identification, creating similarity between *ela* ("she"), *ele* ("he"), and *elu* (functionally similar to singular they).

Nouns in Portuguese all have grammatical gender, and this gender impacts some grammatical inflections. Grammatical gender is different from personal gender identity―rather, words referring to a generic individual with unknown gender identity still carries grammatical gender. For example, the word *pessoa* ("person") is grammatically feminine, but indicates no specific gender of the person referred to. The gender inflection appears explicitly when in the context of an inflectied adjective. With the feminine nouns such as *cidade* ("city"; plural *cidades*), the adjective meaning "beautiful" (currently written generically as *belo* in dictionaries) would become *cidade bela*, *cidades belas* ("beautiful city/cities"). Likewise, this works with a masculine noun such as *carro* ("car"; plural *carros*): *carro belo*, *carros belos* ("beautiful car/cars").

The Portuguese language as a rule determines that the plural of nouns, when covering individuals of the feminine and masculine gender, is made based on the generic masculine: a collective of *vinte alunas* ("twenty female students") and *dez alunos* ("ten male students"), is said as *trinta alunos* ("thirty students"). This form of plural formation is considered sexist by certain groups and individuals, resulting in proposals for a neutral gender to be adopted, such as "thirty children" (*trinta menines*).

A similar known neopronoun in Portuguese is *ile*, also called *sistema ile'' ("ile system"), was popularized in 2020. The systems happen to be same when applying neolanguage beyond pronouns, they use ⟨-e⟩ suffixes.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Guide to “Gender Neutral Language” (PT-BR)
*“X” e o “@” are not a solution: Elu System | Gender-Neutral Language
*Non-binary or neutral language
Emperor Kōtoku

Emperor Kôtoku was the 36th emperor of Japan according to the traditional counting.  He was also called "Taika," for "Great Change."  He ruled from 645 AD - 654 AD. He made the Taika Reforms, which changed parts of Tang dynasty ways of thinking about politics, running the government, and doing rituals for the Japanese court.

Before he was the Emperor, he was called Prince Karu. He became emperor in 645 AD after his sister, Empress Kôgyoku, abdicated in his favor.  That means she quit being Empress and gave Karu the throne.  Some historians say that Empress Kôgyoku's son, Prince Naka no Oe, asked her to abdicate.  Prince Naka no Oe who would later become Emperor Tenji.

With the Taika Reforms, Kôtoku changed the way court officers wore clothes in 647. People of different rank (level of importance) wore different clothes. Kôtoku also said that the government had a monopoly on mined iron ore, meaning that no one else was allowed to mine iron ore. Before that, the Wakebe clan had mined iron ore.

After Kôtoku died in 654, Kôgyoku became the Empress again, but this time she was called Empress Saimei.

## References
Eleanor Hodgman Porter

**Eleanor Emily Hodgman Porter** (December 19, 1868 &ndash; May 21, 1920) was an American novelist, most known for *Pollyanna* (1913) and *Just David* (1916).
West Bloomfield Township, Michigan

**West Bloomfield Township**, officially the **Charter Township of West Bloomfield**, is a charter township in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan, within the Detroit metropolitan area. It is one of the most expensive places to live in Oakland County. As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 65,888.

## References
The Actress

***The Actress*** is a 1953 American comedy-drama movie directed by George Cukor and was based on the play *Years Ago* by Ruth Gordon. It stars Spencer Tracy, Jean Simmons, Teresa Wright, Anthony Perkins. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1954.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Wishmaster

***Wishmaster*** is the third album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.

## Track listing 
# "She Is My Sin" - 4:46
# "The Kinslayer" - 3:59
# "Come Cover Me" - 4:34
# "Wanderlust" - 4:50
# "Two for Tragedy" - 3:51
# "Wishmaster" - 4:23
# "Bare Grace Misery" - 3:39
# "Crownless" - 4:26
# "Deep Silent Complete" - 3:57
# "Dead Boy's Poem" - 6:47
# "FantasMic" – 8:18

## Personnel 
* Tarja Turunen – vocals
* Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
* Emppu Vuorinen – guitars, songwriting
* Sami Vänskä – bass guitar
* Jukka Nevalainen – drums
Over the Hills and Far Away

***Over the Hills and Far Away*** is the first EP by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.

## Track listing 
# Over the Hills and Far Away (Gary Moore-cover) - 5.03
# 10th Man Down (feat. Tapio Wilska) - 5.24
# Away - 4.33
# Astral Romance (feat. Tony Kakko) - 5.22

## Personnel 
* Tarja Turunen – vocals
* Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
* Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
* Sami Vänskä – bass guitar
* Jukka Nevalainen – drums
Century Child

***Century Child*** is the fourth album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.

## Track listing 
# Bless the Child – 6.12
# End of All Hope – 3.55
# Dead to the World – 4.19
# Ever Dream – 4.43
# Slaying the Dreamer – 4.31
# Forever Yours – 3.50
# Ocean Soul – 4.14
# Feel for You – 3.55
# The Phantom of the Opera – 4.10
# Beauty of the Beast – 10.21

## Personnel 
* Tarja Turunen – vocals
* Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
* Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
* Marco Hietala – bass guitar
* Jukka Nevalainen – drums
Vinicio Bernardini

**Vinicio Bernardini** (16 July 1926 – 23 November 2020) was an Italian politician and businessman. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Bernardini was a member of Italian Communist Party from 1976 until 1983. He was also Mayor of Pisa in 1971 and again from 1983 to 1985. Bernardini was born in Pisa.

Bernardini died on 23 November 2020 from COVID-19 in Pisa at the age of 94.

## References
Once

***Once*** is the fifth album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.

## Track listing 
# Dark Chest of Wonders – 4.28
# Wish I Had an Angel – 4.05
# Nemo – 4.36
# Planet Hell – 4.38
# Creek Mary’s Blood – 8.29
# The Siren – 4.46
# Dead Gardens – 4.28
# Romanticide – 4.58
# Ghost Love Score – 10.02
# Kuolema tekee taiteilijan – 3.58
# Higher Than Hope – 5.37

## Personnel 
* Tarja Turunen – vocals
* Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
* Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
* Marco Hietala – bass guitar
* Jukka Nevalainen – drums
Dark Passion Play

***Dark Passion Play*** is the sixth album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.

## Track listing 
# «The Poet and the Pendulum» - 13:54
# «Bye Bye Beautiful» - 4:14
# «Amaranth» - 3:51
# «Cadence of Her Last Breath» - 4:14
# «Master Passion Greed» - 6:02
# «Eva» - 4:24
# «Sahara» - 5:47
# «Whoever Brings the Night» - 4:17
# «For the Heart I Once Had» - 3:55
# «The Islander» - 5:05
# «Last of the Wilds» - 5:40
# «7 Days to the Wolves» - 7:03
# «Meadows of Heaven» - 7:10

## Personnel 
* Anette Olzon – vocals
* Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
* Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
* Marco Hietala – bass guitar
* Jukka Nevalainen – drums
Endless Forms Most Beautiful

***Endless Forms Most Beautiful*** is the eighth album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.

## Track listing 
# "Shudder Before the Beautiful" - 6:29
# "Weak Fantasy" - 5:23
# "Élan" - 4:45
# "Yours Is an Empty Hope" - 5:34
# "Our Decades in the Sun" - 6:37
# "My Walden" - 4:38
# "Endless Forms Most Beautiful" - 5:07
# "Edema Ruh" - 5:15
# "Alpenglow" - 4:45
# "The Eyes of Sharbat Gula" - 6:03
# "The Greatest Show on Earth" - 24:00

## Personnel 
* Floor Jansen – vocals
* Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
* Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
* Marco Hietala – bass guitar
* Kai Hahto – drums
* Troy Donockley – uilleann pipes, low whistles, bodhran, bouzouki, male vocals, backing vocals
History of the Jews in Canada

The **history of the Jews in Canada** is the history of Canadian citizens who follow Judaism as their religion and/or are ethnically Jewish. Jewish Canadians are a part of the greater Jewish diaspora and form the fourth largest Jewish community in the world, exceeded only by those in Israel, the United States, and France. As of 2011, Statistics Canada listed 329,500 followers of the Jewish religion in Canada and 309,650 who claimed Jewish as an ethnicity. One does not necessarily include the other and studies which have attempted to combine the two numbers have arrived at figures above 375,000 Jews in Canada. This total would be approximately 1.1% of the Canadian population.

The Jewish community in Canada is composed mainly of Ashkenazi Jews and their descendants. Several other major Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented. These include Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and Bene Israel from India, besides converts to Judaism. The Canadian community has all four of the main modern denominations of Judaism. Many religious and cultural customs are observed.

Though they are a small minority of the total Canadian population, Jews have been present in the country since the first Jewish immigrants arrived with Governor Edward Cornwallis to establish Halifax, Nova Scotia (1749).

## References
Günter Rittner

**Günter Rittner** (11 March 192723 November 2020) was a German painter and illustrator. He was one of the best known German portrayers. He was known for his official portrait of German Chancellors Ludwig Erhard, Kurt Georg Kiesinger and Helmut Schmidt. Many of his works are found at the Bundeskanzleramt in Berlin.

Rittner was born in Breslau, Germany. He lived in Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. Rittner died at his home in Munich on 23 November 2020 at the age of 93.

## References
Human. :II: Nature.

***Human. :II: Nature.*** is the ninth album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.

## Track listing 
### CD 1 
# "Music" - 7:23
# "Noise" - 5:40
# "Shoemaker" - 5:19
# "Harvest" - 5:13
# "Pan" - 5:18
# "How's the Heart?" - 5:02
# "Procession" - 5:31
# "Tribal" - 3:56
# "Endlessness" – 7:11

### CD 2 
# "Vista" - 3:59
# "The Blue" - 3:35
# "The Green" - 4:42
# "Moors" - 4:44
# "Aurorae" 2:07
# "Quiet as the Snow" - 4:05
# "Anthropocene" - 3:05
# "Ad Astra" - 4:41

## Personnel 
* Floor Jansen – vocals
* Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
* Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
* Marco Hietala – bass guitar
* Kai Hahto – drums
* Troy Donockley – uilleann pipes, low whistles, bodhran, bouzouki, male vocals, backing vocals
Paul Nyman

**Paul Nyman** (3 March 1929 &ndash; 25 November 2020) was a Russian-born Finnish cyclist. He won the Finnish national road race title in 1955, 1956 and 1958. He also competed at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics.

He started in Peace Race four times: 1954 -did not finish, 1955 - 12., 1956 - 4. (this was the best result of a Finnish rider in this race), 1957 - 22. He was born in Vyborg, Russia.

Nyman died on 25 November 2020 in Helsinki, Finland at the age of 91.

## References
Vladimir Ivanov (athlete)

**Vladimir Vasilev Ivanov** (, 23 April 1955 – 26 November 2020) was a Bulgarian sprinter. He was born in Sofia. He competed in 400 metres at the 1980 European Indoor Championships. At the 1980 Olympics he finished sixth.

Ivanov died from COVID-19-related problems in Sofia, Bulgaria on 26 November 2020, aged 65. 

## References
Gene Fraise

**Eugene S. "Gene" Fraise** (May 7, 1932 – November 27, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Iowa Senate from the 46th district from 1986 until 2013. He was born in West Point, Iowa. Fraise was a member of the Democratic Party.

Fraise died of COVID-19 on November 27, 2020, in West Burlington, Iowa at age 88.

## References
Hakam Balawi

**Hakam Umar As‘ad Balawi** (Arabic: **حكم بلعاوي**; 1938 – November 2020) was a Palestinian politician and writer. He was an Ambassador to Libya and Tunisia from 1973 to 1975 and from 1983 to 1984. He also was the Interior Minister from 2003 to 2005 during the Yasser Arafat cabinet.

Balawi was born in Bal'a, British Mandate of Palestine. He died on 28 November 2020 at the age of 82.

## References
Madieng Khary Dieng

**Madieng Khary Dieng** (21 November 1932 – 27 November 2020) was a Senegalese politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party. He was a government minister several times during Abdou Diouf's presidency. Dieng was Minister of the Interior from 1991 to 1993. He also was an Ambassador to The Gambia from 1996 to 1998

Dieng was born in Coki, Senegal. He died on 27 November 2020 in Rabat, Morocco at the age of 88.

## References
Jan Kilian (politician)

**Jan Kilian** (27 December 1953 &ndash; 28 November 2020) was a Polish politician and businessman. He was a member of the Law and Justice Party. Kilian was born in Starogard Gdański, Poland. He was a member of the Sejm from 2015 until 2019.

Kilian died on 28 November 2020 at the age of 66.

## References
Starogard Gdański

**Starogard Gdański** (; until 1950 **Starogard**, meaning "the old stronghold"; Pomeranian/; ) is a town in Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland with 48,328 people living here in 2004.

## References
John Kilian

**John Kilian** also ,  (March 22, 1811 &ndash; September 12, 1884), sometimes known as **Jan Kilian**, was a German-American Lutheran pastor. He was the leader of the colony known as the Wends of Texas.

## References
Serbin, Texas

**Serbin** is an unincorporated community in southwestern Lee County, Texas, United States. It is located about  east of Austin.

## References
## Other websites
*St. Paul Lutheran Church, Serbin, TX
*Texas Wendish Heritage Society
*Worldwide Wendish Connection
*Views inside church
Matosinhos

**Matosinhos** () is a city and a municipality in the northern Porto district of Portugal. It bordered in the south by the city of Porto (8&nbsp;km from the city centre). The population in 2011 was 175,478.

## References
Leixões S.C.

**Leixões Sport Club**, commonly known as **Leixões** (), is a Portuguese sports club from Matosinhos. It is organised into many parts for sports, such as football, boxing, karate, volleyball, swimming and billiards.

## Other websites
*
Portimonense S.C.

**Portimonense Sporting Clube** is a Portuguese sports club based in Portimão. It was founded on 14 August 1914. They are known for its professional football team, which currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2.

## Other websites
*Official website
F.C. Paços de Ferreira

**Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira** () is a Portuguese football club based in Paços de Ferreira, Porto district. It was founded in 1950. They currently play in the Primeira Liga.

## References
Vítor Oliveira

**Vítor Manuel Oliveira** (17 November 195328 November 2020) was a Portuguese football midfielder and manager. His manager career lasted from 1979 until his death. He won 11 promotions to the Primeira Liga, six as champion. He was born in Matosinhos, Portugal. As a player, he made the most appearances for Leixões from 1972 to 1975 and for Portimonense from 1983 to 1985.

Oliveira died on 28 November 2020 in Matosinhos from a heart attack at the age of 67.

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Manager
**Paços Ferreira**
*Segunda Liga: 1990–91, 2018–19

**União Leiria**
*Segunda Liga: 1997–98

**Leixões**
*Segunda Liga: 2006–07 2015–16, 2016–17, 2018–19
*Primeira Liga Manager of the Month: October/November 2019

## References
Sahibzada Farooq Ali

**Sahibzada Farooq Ali** (5 September 1931 – 29 November 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was the ninth Speaker of National Assembly of Pakistan from 9 August 1973 to 27 March 1977. He was born in Ghakhar Mandi, British Raj. Ali was a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He was a member of the assembly from 1972 to 1977.

Ali died on 29 November 2020 in Multan, Pakistan at the age of 89.

## References
Asad Qaiser

**Asad Qaiser** (; born 15 November 1969) is a Pakistani politician. He was the Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan, in office from August 2018 to April 2022. He has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, since August 2018. 

In April 2020, Qaiser tested positive for COVID-19 during the coronavirus pandemic in Pakistan.

## References
Jean-Louis Servan-Schreiber

**Jean-Louis Servan-Schreiber** (31 October 1937 – 28 November 2020) was a French journalist and human rights activist. He was the co-founder of ''L'Expansion* and the founder of *Psychologies'' and Radio Classique. He was the author of several books. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France. He was a member of the Human Rights Watch from 2007 until his death.

Servan-Schreiber died on 28 November 2020 in Paris of COVID-19, aged 83.

## References
Ayaz Sadiq

**Sardar Ayaz Sadiq** (; born 17 October 1954) is a Pakistani politician. He has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since August 2018. He was a member of the National Assembly from 2002 to May 2018. He was the 19th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan from June 2013 to August 2015 and again from November 2015 to August 2018.

## References
Chaudhry Amir Hussain

**Chaudhry Amir Hussain** (born 22 June 1942) is a Pakistani politician. He was the 17th Speaker of National Assembly of Pakistan from 2002 to 2008.

Hussain lost his re-election to the parliament in the February 2008 election.

## References
Gohar Ayub Khan

**Gohar Ayub Khan** (; 8 January 1937 – 17 November 2023) was a Pakistani politician, businessman and retired army officer. He was a member of the Pakistan Muslim League. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs during the administration of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif from 1997 to 1998.

Ayub Khan was also the 14th Speaker of the National Assembly from 1990 to 1993.

Ayub Khan died on 17 November 2023 at a hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan from a short-illness at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* Universal Insurance: Board of Directors
Raza Rabbani

**Mian Raza Rabbani** (Urdu:; born 23 July 1953) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 7th Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan from March 2015 to March 2018.

## References
Sadiq Sanjrani

**Muhammad Sadiq Sanjrani** (; born 14 April 1978) is a Pakistani politician. He is the 8th and current Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan. He took his oath of office as Member and Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan on 12 March 2018.

## References
Muhammad Mian Soomro

**Muhammad Mian Soomro** Sindhi: محمد میاں سومرو; born 19 August 1950) is a Pakistanii politician and a banker. He was the Chairman of the Senate from 2003 to 2009. He also was the caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2007 to 2008 and the acting President of Pakistan from 18 August 2008 to 9 September 2008.

## References
Gulzar Ahmed

**Gulzar Ahmed** (; born 2 February 1957) is a Pakistani jurist. He is the 27th and current Chief Justice of Pakistan. He was nominated by President Arif Alvi. On 21 December 2019, Ahmed took office.

## References
Nazim Hussain Siddiqui

**Nazim Hussain Siddiqui** (Urdu: ; 30 June 1940 &ndash; 15 January 2022) was a Pakistani jurist. He was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, from 31 December 2003 to 29 June 2005.

He retired from service on 29 June 2005.

Siddiqui died on 15 January 2022 in Karachi, Pakistan at the age of 81.

## References
Sheikh Riaz Ahmad

(Urdu : ; born 9 March 1938) is a Pakistani judge. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from February 1, 2002 to December 31, 2003.

## References
Irshad Hasan Khan

Justice **Irshad Hasan Khan** (Urdu : ) (born 7 January 1937) is a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 26 January 2000 to 6 January 2002.

## References
Vladimir Fortov

**Vladimir Yevgenyevich Fortov** (; 23 January 1946 – 29 November 2020) was a Russian physicist. He was director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures from 1992 to 2013. He was president of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 2013 to 2017. In 1991, he became a member of the academy. 

He was known for his research in thermal physics, shock waves and plasma physics.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1998.

Fortov died on 29 November 2020 in Moscow from COVID-19 at the age of 74.

## References
Asia Pacific Democrat Union

The **Asia Pacific Democrat Union** (APDU) is in international political centre-right, right group of political parties in the Asia Pacific Region. This union is tied and related to the International Democrat Union, which is based in Munich, Germany, which calls it a regional union on its website.

ADPU aims to provide a place in which political parties that have similar beliefs can exchange there views on matters of policy and interest so that ideas can be shared between parties so that centre-right ideals can be spread and  encouraged all over the world.

ADPU currently has 15 members, ranging from Bangladesh to El Salvador. The current chairperson is Ranil Wickramasinghe, the former Sri Lankan Prime Minister, who has served in that position since 2016. Tenzin Dargyalb Khangsar from Canada serves as vice chairman of ADPU and is the first person of Tibetan ancestry to represent the organisation. That led to controversy, with China disagreeing with the choice since he had denounced China's claims on Tibet. BNP secretary general Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir from India has also been chosen as vice chairman and Hassan Latheef of the Maldives.

The Asia Pacific Democrat Union (APDU), does not have a separate website has email, and its currently is Sirikotha 400 Kotte Road, Pita Kotte Sri Jayawardenepura, Sri Lanka, witch is also the headquarters of the United National Party (UNP).

Current party members and affiliates include a range of party in government and opposition such as the Liberal party of Australia, the Republican Party of the United States and even the Kuomintang in Republic of China (Taiwan). A full list of party members can be found here:

## References 
## Other websites 
* APDU at the UDI site since deleted as seen from June 17, 2010
* Current IDU site
* Story about Tenzin Dargyal Khangsar serving as vice chairman.
* BNP gets Asia Pacific Democrat Union’s full membership
* The US and Australian Alliance in the Asia Pacific, January 31, 2014 (Video)
* Asia Pacific Democrat Union, Campaign Managers’ Meeting 2019
* Hassan Latheef elected as Vice Chairman of APDU
* Asia Pacific Democrat Union Audio explanation for the Blind
Day With(out) Art

**Day Without Art** also written as **Day With(out) Art** (short: **DWA**) is an annual event where art museums and other organizations organize programs related to AIDS, people who have died, and to inspire positive action.

## History 
Day Without Art began started in 1989. It was response to the AIDS crisis as many artists also died of AIDS. The day coincides with World AIDS Day, which began the year before.

800 U.S. art and AIDS groups participated in the first Day Without Art. Museums were sending staff to volunteer at AIDS services, or sponsoring special exhibitions of work about AIDS. Day With(out) Art grew in collaborations to estimated 8,000 national and international museums, galleries, art centers, AIDS service organizations, libraries, high schools and colleges take part.

New York group called "Visual AIDS" (now NGO),

In 2020, due to pandemic VisualAIDS organized online programming featuring commissioned diverse video works from different parts of the world and talks to authors. Programing was done in multiple languages and done both in the NYC and around the world at different times in different timezones with different partner organizations.

## References
## Other websites
* VisualAIDS.org: official **Day Without Art** website
* http://www.thebody.com/visualaids/dwa/dwa2006.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080908013708/http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmag/bk_issue/2005/winter/feature3.html
Bashir Jehangiri

Justice **Muhammad Bashir Jehangiri** (Urdu : '''''', born 1 February 1937) is a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 7 January 2002 to 31 January 2002.

## References
Ioannis Tassias

**Ioannis Tassias** (1 October 1958 &ndash; 15 November 2020) was a Greek Orthodox bishop. He was the Metropolitan of Langadas as **Ioannis of Langada** from 2010 until his death in 2020. He was born in Thessaloniki, Greece.

On 13 November 2020, Tassias was hospitalized with COVID-19 in Thessaloniki. He died two days later from problems caused by the infection at the age of 62. He became the first Metropolitan of the Church of Greece to die from the pandemic.

## References
## Other websites
* Ioannis Tassias on the website of the Metropolis of Langada
* Ioannis of Langada on OrthodoxWiki
Dimitris Kremastinos

**Dimitris Kremastinos** (; 1 May 1942 – 8 May 2020) was a Greek politician and physician. He was a  member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. 

Kremastinos was the Minister of Health, Welfare and Social Insurance from 1993 to 1996. He also was a member of the Hellenic Parliament from 2000 to 2004 and again from 2009 to 2019. From 2015 to 2019, he was the Vice-President of the parliament.

On 26 March 2020, Kremastinos was hospitalized in Athens with COVID-19. He died two weeks later on 8 May from the infection, aged 78.

## References
Édouard Marquis

**Édouard Marquis** (17 August 1969 – 23 November 2020) was a French radio and television host, journalist, and producer. He was born in Paris. Marquis produced reports for France 2, Télé emploi, France 5, and MCM.

Marquis died on 23 November 2020 in Montluçon, France from a long-illness at the age of 51.

## References
Giorgio Morales

**Giorgio Morales** (26 March 1932 – 29 November 2020) was an Italian politician and activist. He was Mayor of Florence from 2 October 1989 to 24 April 1995. He was a member of both Socialist and Forza Italia. Morales was born in La Spezia, Italy.

Morales died on 29 November 2020 from pneumonia-related problems in Florence, aged 88.

## References
La Spezia

**La Spezia** (,  or , ;  in the local Spezzino dialect) is the capital city of the province of La Spezia.

## References
Mohammad Afzal Cheema

**Mohammad Afzal Cheema** (; 1913 – 4 August 2008) was a Pakistani politician and judge. Cheema was the only Pakistani to reach the top positions in all branches of state. He was the acting President of Pakistan from 1962 to 1963.

## References
Sheikh Anwarul Haq

Chief Justice **Sheikh Anwarul Haq** (&lrm; ; 11 May 1917&nbsp;– 3 March 1995), was a Pakistani jurist and an academic. He was the 9th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 23 September 1977 until resigning on 25 March 1981. Between 1973 to 1978, he was the Acting (and is sometime referred to as the 20th) President of Pakistan.

## References
List of EGOT winners

is the first person to ever win an EGOT or PEGOT]]
 is the first female to win an EGOT]]
 is the first Asian, fastest with a 10 year span, and youngest EGOT winner at aged 39]]
 is the oldest EGOT winner at aged 87]]
 is the first black EGOT winner]]
 is the first Hispanic EGOT or PEGOT winner]]
**EGOT**, an acronym for the Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Awards, is the honor given to people who have won all four awards.  These awards honor good performances in television, recording, movie, and theatre.

EGOT is seen as one of the highest achievements any person in the Hollywood industry can get. 

, twenty-two people are EGOTS.

## List of EGOTS
**Notes:**

The artist also subsequently won one or more additional competitive awards.
The artist also received one or more honorary or non-competitive awards.
The artist also earned the Triple Crown of Acting, with singular (non-group/ensemble/company) acting wins in the Emmy, Oscar and Tony awards.
The artist has won a Daytime Emmy Award, not a Primetime Emmy Award.
The artist was awarded posthumously.
The artist has subsequently achieved multiple EGOTs.
Legend, Lloyd Webber, and Rice achieved their EGOTs simultaneously with their shared Emmy Award for producing *Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert*

### Non-competitive EGOT
## PEGOT 
A PEGOT winner is someone who has won all four EGOT awards as well as a Peabody Award or Pulitzer Prize.

EGOT winners who have also won a Peabody Award:
# Barbra Streisand
# Mike Nichols
# Rita Moreno
# Mel Brooks

EGOT winners who have also won a Pulitzer Prize:
# Richard Rodgers
# Marvin Hamlisch

Note: 

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the Emmy Awards
* Official website of the Grammy Awards
* Official website of the Academy Awards
* Official website of the Tony Awards 
* Official website of the Peabody Awards
*Official website of the Pulitzer Price