open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
List of monarchs of Eswatini

This article lists the '*monarchs (*Ngwenyamas*) of Eswatini** (known as **Swaziland*' for most of its history). 

The King of Eswatini (also known as *Ingwenyama*) rules alongside the Queen Mother (also known as *Ndlovukati*). The role of the king has historically been as the head or father of the nation while the Queen Mother is the spiritual leader of the nation.

## Ancient Kings/Chiefs of the Swazi people (pre–1745)
* Other possible-existing unknown and/or unidentified earlier kings (or chiefs; or rulers)? ?–? (?) 
*Mkhulunkosi: ?–? 
*Qomizitha: ?–? 
*Sukuta (king): ?–? 
*Madlasomo: ?–? 
*Ndlovu: ?–? 
*Ngwekati: ?–? 
*Mawawa/Kuwawa: ?–? 
*Sidvwabasilutfuli: ?–? 
*Sukumbili: ?–? 
*Mbokane: ?–? 
*Gebase: ?–? 
*Kunene: ?–? 
*Nkabingwe: ?–? 
*Madlabane: ?–? 
*Hhili: ?–? 
*Dulunga: ?–? 
*Dondobola: ?–?
*Sihuba: ?–? 
*Mlangeni: ?–? 
*Msimudze: ?–? 
*Mbhondlo: ?–?
*Tembe: ?–?
*Sikhulumaloyo: ?–?
*Langa Samuketi: ?–1200 
*Nkomo: 1200–1300
*Khabako: 1300–1355
*Nkosi I: 1355–1400
*Ngwane I: 1400–1435
*Dlamini I (Matalatala): 1435–1465
*Mswati I: 1480–1520
*Ngwane II: 1520–1550
*Dlamini II: 1555–1600
*Nkosi II: 1600–1640
*Mavuso I: 1645–1680
*Magudulela: 1685–1685
*Ludvonga I: 1685–1715
* Dlamini III: 1720–1744

## Kings of Swaziland (1745–1903)
* Ngwane III: 1745–1780 (The first King of modern Swaziland)
* *LaYaka Ndwandwe (Queen Regent)*: 1780
* Ndvungunye (Zikodze, Mavuso II): 1780–1815
* *Lomvula Mndzebele (Queen Regent)*: 1815
* Sobhuza I (Somhlolo): 1815–1839
* *Lojiba Simelane (Queen Regent)*: 1836–1840
* Mswati II (Mavuso III): 1840–1868
* *Tsandzile Ndwandwe (Queen Regent)*: July 1868 – June 1875
* Crown Prince Ludvonga II (Macaleni) – Never became King
* Dlamini IV (Mbandzeni): 1875–1889
* *Tibati Nkambule (Queen Regent)*: 7 April 1889 – 1894
* Ngwane V (Mahlokohla): January 1895 – 10 December 1899
* *Labotsibeni Gwamile Mdluli (Queen Regent)*: 10 December 1899 – 7 August 1903

## Paramount Chiefs under British rule (1903–1968)
* *Labotsibeni Gwamile Mdluli (Queen Regent)*: 7 August 1903 – 22 December 1921
* Sobhuza II: 22 December 1921 – 2 September 1968

## Kings of Eswatini (1968–present)
;"Authorized Person" during the minority of King Mswati III:
**Prince Sozisa Dlamini*: 21 August 1982 – 1 November 1985 

;Regents during the minority of King Mswati III:
**Queen Dzeliwe*: 21 August 1982 – 9 August 1983 
**Prince Sozisa Dlamini*: 9 August 1983 – 18 August 1983 
**Queen Ntfombi*: 18 August 1983 – 25 April 1986

## Royal Standard

File:Royal Standard of Swaziland.svg|Royal Standard of Mswati III.

## References
## Other websites
* Rulers: Swaziland
* Swaziland Royal Family Tree
* Swaziland Nation Trust Commission: Swazi History 
* Official Website of Swaziland Monarchy
Political party strength in Kansas

The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of Kansas:
*Governor
*Lieutenant Governor
*Secretary of State
*Attorney General
*State Treasurer
*Insurance Commissioner

The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:
*State Senate
*State House of Representatives
*State delegation to the U.S. Senate
*State delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives

For years in which a presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.

The parties are as follows:  (D),  (Farm. All./P),  (R),  and .

## Related pages
*Law and government in Kansas

## Notes
List of colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi

(*light green*), 1935.]]

This is a list of European colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Ruanda-Urundi, an area equivalent to modern-day Rwanda and Burundi. Ruanda-Urundi formed part of German East Africa until it was captured by Belgian forces during World War I. After that, the territory became a League of Nations mandate, and later a United Nations trust territory, under Belgian control, until 1962 when the constituent parts of the territory became independent.

For residents of the subregion of Ruanda, see List of colonial residents of Rwanda.

For residents of the subregion of Urundi, see List of colonial residents of Burundi.

## list
On 1 July 1962, the constituent parts of Ruanda-Urundi became independent as the Republic of Rwanda (*République du Rwanda*) and the Kingdom of Burundi (*Royaume du Burundi*), respectively.

## German rule
(Dates in italics indicate *de facto *continuation of office)

### Military District of Ujiji
### Military District of Usumbura
## Belgian rule
 in German East Africa between 19 September 1916 and 28 June 1919.]]

### Territories south of Lake Victoria (including Northern Ruanda)
### Territories east of Lake Kivu and Lake Tanganyika (including Southern Ruanda and Urundi)
### Belgian Occupied East African Territories
### Ruanda-Urundi Mandate / Trust Territory
For continuation after independence, see: Kings of Burundi and Presidents of Rwanda

## Other websites
*World Statesmen – Ruanda-Urundi
Drimys winteri

***Drimys winteri*** ('''Winter's bark** or **canelo'*) is a Chilean tree from (Winteraceae).
*Drimys* has six species, including D.andina, D.confertifolia, D.winteri, D fernandeziana 

 and D. granatensis (Brazil) 
Pseudowintera is closed to them.

*Foikeulia razowskii*, a species of Tortricidae, feeds on leaves of *D.winteri*

## References
## Other websites
* RUIZ, Eduardo et al. Phylogenetic relationships among Chilean species of *Drimys'' (Winteraceae) based on its sequences and insertion/deletion events. Gayana Bot. [online]. 2008, vol.65, n.2 [citado  2019-07-08], pp.220-228. Disponible en:. ISSN 0016-5301.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432008000200008.
Kansas City International Airport

in 2007]]
 Boeing 737-700 preparing to land]]

**Kansas City International Airport**  (originally **Mid-Continent International Airport**) is a public airport. It is 15 miles (24&nbsp;km) northwest of downtown Kansas City in Platte County, Missouri. In 2018, 11,850,825 people used the airport. 2018 was the second busiest year in its history. Its largest carriers are Southwest Airlines and Delta Air Lines. In 2019, a new airport terminal was built in the place of where the former A terminal used to be. This project finished in February of 2023.

## Airlines and places to go
### Passenger
### Cargo
## Statistics
### Top destinations
### Annual Traffic
## Transportation
 walks with Missouri Gov. Jay Nixon and U.S. Representative Emanuel Cleaver II at the Kansas City International Airport on July 8, 2010.]]

### Road
The airport is near major highways Interstate 29 and Interstate 435.

## References
J. T. Realmuto

**Jacob Tyler Realmuto** (born March 18, 1991) is an American professional baseball catcher for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). The Florida Marlins selected Realmuto in the third round of the 2010 Major League Baseball draft. He made his MLB debut in 2014 with the Miami Marlins. In 2018, Realmuto was an All-Star and won the Silver Slugger Award at catcher. The Marlins traded him to the Phillies in February 2019.  He is often referred to as the "**Best Catcher in Baseball** (BCIB)." In 2021, he signed a five-year, $115-million contract with the Phillies that would make him a free agent in 2026.

He has been married to Lexi Realmuto since 2017 and has four children with her. They are Christians.

## Philadelphia Phillies 
On February 7, 2019, Realmuto was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies in exchange for Jorge Alfaro, Sixto Sánchez, Will Stewart, and $250,000 in international bonus slot money.

## References
Pacinko

**Pacinko** or **Pasukan Cina Kota** (literally *China Town Army*) is an outlaw motorcycle club triad in Indonesia that active around 1970s until 1980s and led by Johny Indo. This club is famous for their brutal crime activities. Their rival is another outlaw motorcycle club named Y-Gen. But in the end, Y-Gen splits into multiple new outlaw motorcycle clubs, like Hanoman, Aligator, and Night Sons Racing.

## References
Thomas Olmstead

**Thomas James Olmsted** (born January 21, 1947) is a person with a title in an American Church called the Roman Catholic Church.  The title is called Bishop and means he is on of the leaders of the church.  He is the fourth and current Bishop of Phoenix.   Before he was the Bishop of Phoenix, he was the Bishop of Wichita from 2001 to 2003.

## Early life 
Thomas James Olmsted was born in Oketo, Kansas and his parents names were Pat Olmstead and Helen Olmsted.  He also has two brothers and three sisters. He was raised on a farm in a city called Beattie, and attended school high school in a town called Summerfield. He then served as an associate pastor or "helping priest" at the Cathedral of the Risen Christ.   After that he went to Rome where the Church made him study to become a doctor of Religion.

After this happened Olmsted said that the hospital this happened at could not be called a Catholic Hospital anymore.  This hospital was St. Joseph's Hospital in mid-town Phoenix.,

## References
Scream Queens

***Scream Queens*** is an American black comedy-horror television series that aired on Fox from 2015 to 2016.

## Cast and characters
### Main
* Emma Roberts as Chanel Oberlin
* Jamie Lee Curtis as Cathy Munsch
* Lea Michele as Chanel #6
* Keke Palmer as Zayday Williams
* Billie Lourd as Chanel #3
* Abigail Breslin as Chanel #5
* Glen Powell as Chad Radwell (season 1; recurring 2)
* Oliver Hudson as Wes Gardner (season 1; recurring 2)
* Skyler Samuels as Grace Gardner (season 1)
* Diego Boneta as Pete Martinez (season 1)
* Nasim Pedrad as Gigi Caldwell (season 1)
* Lucien Laviscount as Earl Grey (season 1)
* Kirstie Alley as Ingrid Hoffel (season 2)
* Taylor Lautner as Cassidy Cascade (season 2)
* John Stamos as Brock Holt (season 2)
* James Earl as Chamberlain Jackson (season 2)
### Special guest stars
* Niecy Nash as Denise Hemphill
* Ariana Grande as Chanel #2 (season 1)
* Nick Jonas as Boone Clemens (season 1)
* Chad Michael Murray as Brad Radwell (season 1)
* Colton Haynes as Tyler (season 2)
* Brooke Shields as Scarlett Lovin (season 2)
### Recurring
* Breezy Eslin as Jennifer (season 1)
* Jeanna Han as Sam (season 1)
* Jan Hoag as Agatha Bean (season 1)
* Anna Grace Barlow as Bethany Stevens (season 1)
* Grace Phipps as Mandy Greenwell (season 1)
* Evan Paley as Caulfield Hermann (season 1)
* Trilby Glover as Jane Hollis (season 2)
* Jerry O'Connell as Dr. Mike (season 2)
* Laura Bell Bundy as Nurse Thomas (season 2)

## Episodes
## References
Robert F. Marx

.]]
**Robert F. Marx** (December 8, 1936 – July 4, 2019) was an American scuba diver. He was best known for his work with shipwrecks and sunken treasure. Although he was criticized for his treasure hunting, he was known as the "true father of underwater archaeology". He was born in Indialantic, Florida. Marx became a diving specialist in the United States Marine Corps in 1953.

Marx died on July 4, 2019 in Indialantic at the age of 85.

## References
Zoolander 2

***Zoolander 2*** is a 2016 American action-comedy film directed by Ben Stiller and written by John Hamburg, Justin Theroux, Stiller and Nicholas Stoller. It is the sequel to the 2001 film *Zoolander* and stars Stiller, Owen Wilson, Will Ferrell, Penélope Cruz and Kristen Wiig.

Filming took place from April to July 2015, in Rome, Italy.

## Cast
*Ben Stiller as Derek Zoolander
*Owen Wilson as Hansel McDonald
*Penélope Cruz as Valentina Valencia
*Will Ferrell as Jacobim Mugatu
*Kristen Wiig as Alexanya Atoz
*Justin Bieber as himself
*Kyle Mooney as Don Atari
*Fred Armisen as VIP
*Milla Jovovich as Katinka
*Christine Taylor as Matilda Jeffries
*Nathan Lee Graham as Todd
*Cyrus Arnold as Derek Zoolander Jr.
*Ariana Grande as Latex BDSM
*Jon Daly as Agent Daly
*John Malkovich as Skip Taylor
*Justin Theroux as Evil DJ
*Benedict Cumberbatch as All
*Beck Bennett as Geoff Mille
*Jourdan Dunn as Natalka
*Christina Hendricks as Seductress
*Jerry Stiller as Maury
*Mika as hairdresser
*Karlie Kloss as Eve
*Billy Zane as himself
*Sting as himself
*Katy Perry as herself

## Release
Zoolander 2 was released in theaters on February 12, 2016.

## References
Indialantic, Florida

**Indialantic** is a town in Brevard County, Florida. The town's population was 2,888 at the 2020 United States Census. It is part of the Palm Bay&ndash;Melbourne&ndash;Titusville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## References
Steve Cannon (writer)

**Steve Cannon** (April 10, 1935 – July 7, 2019) was an American writer. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was known as the founder of the cultural organization A Gathering of the Tribes. Cannon went completely blind in 1989 from glaucoma.

## Bibliography
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## References
Philip Freelon

**Philip Freelon** (March 26, 1953 – July 9, 2019), was an American architect. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Freelon was best known for leading the design team (with J. Max Bond, Jr. of Davis Brody Bond, and David Adjaye) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African American History and Culture. He was also known for his designs for National Center for Civil and Human Rights and Museum of the African Diaspora.

Freelon died on July 9, 2019 at his home in Durham, North Carolina from problems caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at the age of 67.

## References
2019 Tajoura migrant center airstrike

On 3 July 2019, an airstrike by General Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army (LNA) hit the Tajoura Detention Center outside Tripoli, Libya, while hundreds of people were inside the facility. 

The detention center was being used as a holding facility for migrants and refugees trying to reach Europe when a storage hangar that it used as a residential facility was destroyed in an aerial bombing. 

The United Nations Human Rights Council stated that "It was known that there were 600 people living inside" the facility. At least 53 people were killed and 130 were wounded.

## References
One-design dinghy

A **One-design** dinghy is a type of boat which has been built exactly the same as the next so that racing dinghy sailing equal and fair to all.

## History
In 1887 Thomas Middleton, a Dublin solicitor, thought that yacht racing was too expensive. He then invented the one-design boat. He wanted yacht racing to show just skill at sailing with all boats to be the same. He found some other people who agreed with him and they decided on a design for the new boat. They decided to call the boat 'The Water Wag'. The Water Wag Club is still in Dún Laoghaire harbour (near Dublin, Ireland), and they race every Wednesday evening during the Summer. 
The idea was quickly taken by sailors in Ireland, England, India and South America. 

In 1893 the Solent One Design Class was one of the first dinghy classes designed in England.  It quickly became popular with some of the best-known yacht owners in the Solent, Portsmouth and Southampton waters including Sir Philip Hunloke, the King's Yachtmaster. The class was sailed by the Royal Yacht Squadron and the Island Sailing Club in 1895. The only boat still afloat is Rosenn, formally Eilun, sail number 6. She is included in the National Register of Historic Vessels of the United Kingdom and is kept in Lymington.

Now there are a many classes of sailing dinghies in use in yacht clubs around the world and it is a major Olympic sport.

## Sailing
There are two ways of competition in sailboat racing: One-Design and Handicap.  In one-design racing, the first boat to finish wins the race but with handicap racing, time is added or subtracted from the finishing times to decide the winner.

In smaller boats like dinghy classes, the rules are very strict. Sometimes the boats may only be produced by one manufacturer. An example is the Olympic Laser dinghy which is one of the most popular sailing dinghies in the world. But others, like the Optimist dinghy, may be built by anyone and some are home built. The Optimist dinghy is also very popular all over the world. However, the measurements are very strict. A boat like the Olympic 470 dinghy may only be built by certain licenced manufacturers.

## Handicapping rules
Other sailboats race with handicap rules. Handicap rules include Portsmouth Yardstick, International Offshore Rule (IOR), the International Measurement System (IMS), International Rating Certificate (IRC) and Americap.

## References
Lakeville, Connecticut

**Lakeville** is a village and census-designated place in Litchfield County, Connecticut. It is within the area of the Town of Salisbury. It is southwest of Salisbury Village on U.S. Route 44. In 2020, the population was 1,059. New England's oldest Methodist congregation  is in Lakeville.

## References
Bible Hill, Nova Scotia

**Bible Hill** is a Canadian village in Colchester County, Nova Scotia.

## References
## Other websites
* Bible Hill Website
Canning, Nova Scotia

**Canning** is a village in northeastern Kings County, Nova Scotia.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Canning Village  (official website)
* Canning, Nova Scotia 
* Fieldwood Heritage Society
* Harold Borden monument
Chester, Nova Scotia

**Chester** is a village on the Chester Peninsula, Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada.

## References
## Other websites
Chesterbound - Lots of Local Links
Ekaterina Koroleva

**Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Koroleva** (; 8 October 1998 – 7 July 2019) was a Russian handball player. She played for Stavropol SKFU and for the women's national team. She was born in Krymsk, Russia.

In 2017 she won at the U-19 European Championships in Slovenia the Silver medal after losing the finale against France. Later the Russian team lost the medal due to a positive doping test by a team member of Koroleva. 

On 7 July 2019, Koroleva drowned in a swimming accident on the closing day of the 2019 European Beach Handball Championship in Stare Jabłonki, Poland, aged 20.

## References
1952 Indian presidential election

The Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on May 2, 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes (83.81%) over his nearest rival K. T. Shah who got 92,827 votes (15.3%).

## Results
Source: Web archive of Election Commission of India website

## References
Hairspray: Live!

***Hairspray Live!*** is a television special that aired live on NBC on December 7, 2016. It was produced by Craig Zadan and Neil Meron. The host was Darren Criss.

## Cast and characters
* Maddie Baillio as Tracy Turnblad
* Harvey Fierstein as Edna Turnblad
* Dove Cameron as Amber Von Tussle
* Ariana Grande as Penny Pingleton
* Kristin Chenoweth as Velma Von Tussle
* Garrett Clayton as Link Larkin
* Ephraim Sykes as Seaweed J. Stubbs
* Jennifer Hudson as Motormouth Maybelle
* Martin Short as Wilbur Turnblad
* Derek Hough as Corny Collins
* Shahadi Wright Joseph as Inez Stubbs
* Andrea Martin as Prudy Pingleton
* Billy Eichner as Rob Barker
* Sean Hayes as Mr. Pinky
* Rosie O'Donnell as Gym teacher
Swindle

***Swindle*** is a 2013 American television movie starring Noah Crawford, Chris O'Neal, Jennette McCurdy, Noah Munck, Ariana Grande, Ciara Bravo, and Fred Ewanuick. Based on Gordon Korman's novel of the same name, the movie tells the story of Griffin (Noah Crawford), a boy who retrieves his friend's valuable baseball card from an unscrupulous collectibles dealer with the help of his friends. The movie premiered August 24, 2013 to an audience of over 4.2 million viewers. The movie was released on DVD on March 19, 2014, and on Blu-ray on December 4, 2015.

## Reception
Common Sense Media gave the movie a rating of 4 out of 5 stars.

## References
Dysalotosaurus

***Dysalotosaurus*** was a small plant-eating ornithopod dinosaur that lived in forests around 150 million years ago. 

## Classification
*Dysalotosaurus* is a member of the family, the Dryosauridae, which were precursors (ancestors) of the Iguanodons, and lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous.

## References
Dejan Lovren

**Dejan Lovren** (born 5 July 1989) is a Croatian football player.  He plays as a defender for Zenit Saint Petersburg and Croatia national team.

## Club career statistics
## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:*Croatia score listed first, score column indicates score after each Lovren goal.*

## Honours
**Inter Zaprešić**
*Druga HNL: 2006–07
*Croatian Cup: 2008–09
*UEFA Champions League: 2018–19; runner-up: 2017–18
*UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2015–16
*FA Community Shield runner-up: 2019 

**Zenit Saint Petersburg**
*Russian Premier League: 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23
*Russian Super Cup: 2020, 2021

**Croatia**
*FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2018; third place: 2022

**Orders**
*Order of Duke Branimir: 2018

## References
Megan Rapinoe

**Megan Anna Rapinoe** (; born July 5, 1985) is an American professional soccer player. She plays for and captains Reign FC in the National Women's Soccer League, as a midfielder and winger.

Rapinoe is a member of the United States women's national soccer team, she helped the U.S. win the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, and the gold at the 2012 London Olympics.

She is openly a lesbian.

## References
## Other websites
* U.S. Soccer player profile
* Olympique Lyonnais player profile  
*
Eddie Gerard

**Edward George Gerard** (February 22, 1890 – August 7, 1937) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
*Source: Hockey Hall of Fame.

### Coaching record
*Source: Hockey-Reference.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
ISO 3166-2:JP

**ISO 3166-2:JP** is the ISO 3166-2's part for Japan. It is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It says the codes for the names of the main subdivisions (e.g.provinces or states) of all countries in ISO 3166-1.

## Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

## Related pages
* Subdivisions of Japan
* FIPS region codes of Japan

## Other websites
* ISO Online Browsing Platform: JP
* Districts of Japan, Statoids.com
I Love New York

.]]
**I Love New York,** seen visually as, "I  ***❤***  NY" was a design concept created by Milton Glaser in 1977. The song "I Love New York" is also the state song of New York. The logo was created by 

Milton Glaser.

## State Song 
### Lyrics
I love New York

(This is so exciting!)

I love New York

(And there's no place like it.)

I love New York

(This is so exciting!)

I love New York

(And there's no place like it.)

There isn't another like it

no matter where you go.

And nobody can compare it.

It's greater than place and show.

You know...

New York is special,

You know, New York is different!

'Cause there's no place else on earth quite like New York!

I love New York

(This is so exciting!)

I love New York

(And there's no place like it.)

I love New York

(This is so exciting!)

I love New York

(And there's no place like it.)

I love New York!

I love New York!

I Love New York!

I love New York!

There isn't another like it

no matter where you go.

And nobody can compare it.

It's greater than place and show.

You know...

New York is special,

You know, New York is different!

'Cause there's no place else on earth quite like New York!

I love New York

(This is so exciting!)

I love New York

(And there's no place like it.)

I love New York

(This is so exciting!)

I love New York

(And there's no place like it.)

I love New York

(This is so exciting!)

I love New York

(And there's no place like it.)

I love New York

## References
## Other websites
*
KFC Index

The **KFC Index** is an economic index which compares the purchasing power of two currencies in African countries. It is related to the Big Mac Index, but the KFC Index is only about Africa. The Big Mac Index is about many countries in the world, but it can't be used for Africa. This is because there aren't many McDonald's in Africa. KFC is in almost 20 countries in Africa, so it is easier to use.

## Figures 
In February 2016:

**Most overvalued currencies**

 72%

 30%

**Most undervalued currencies**

 -48%

 -34%

 -32%

## References
Abel

Abel is a biblical figure, the second son of Adam and Eve, mentioned in the Book of Genesis. His story is an integral part of the biblical narrative and has been interpreted in various ways throughout history.

Abel is the brother of Cain. The Bible says that he was killed by his brother because his brother envied him.

Abel took care of animals, mostly sheep and goats.

When Cain gave God some of his crops as a sacrifice, God was happy. When Abel killed some of his animals for God, God was happier. Cain was angry, so he killed Abel.

## Life of Abel 
According to the biblical account, Abel was a shepherd, while his brother Cain was a farmer.

Abel offered the "firstlings of his flock" as a sacrifice to God, which was pleasing to Him. In contrast, Cain's offering of "the fruit of the ground" was not accepted.

The biblical text does not provide explicit reasons for God's preference for Abel's offering.

## Murder of Abel 
Cain's offering being rejected led to feelings of anger and jealousy towards Abel.

Cain ultimately killed Abel in a field, as recorded in Genesis 4:8.

When God questioned Cain about Abel's whereabouts, Cain denied responsibility for his brother's fate.

## Significance of Abel 
Abel is considered the first martyr in the biblical tradition.

The story of Abel and Cain serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of unchecked emotions and the importance of righteousness.

Abel is referenced in various religious texts, including the Bible and the Quran.

## Symbolism and Meaning 
The narrative of Abel and Cain symbolizes the eternal conflict between good and evil.

Abel represents innocence and devotion to God, while Cain embodies jealousy and sin.

## Related pages 
* Cain
* Adam and Eve

## References 
*
Eudora, Kansas

**Eudora** is a city in Douglas County, Kansas, United States.  The city is along the Kansas River and the Wakarusa River. In 2020, 6,408 people lived there.

## Geography
Eudora is at  (38.938213, −95.097417). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

## People
Eudora is part of the Lawrence, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

### 2020 census
In 2020, there were 6,408 people, 2,296 households, and 1,643 families living in Zurich. Of the households, 66.8% owned their home and 33.2% rented their home.

The median age was 35.2 years. Of the people, 87.4% were White, 1.4% were Native American, 0.8% were Black, 0.5% were Asian, 0.1% were Pacific Islanders, 1.1% were from some other race, and 8.6% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.1% of the people.

## Government
The Eudora government has five city commissioners. They elect the mayor. The City Commission meets on the second and fourth Monday of each month at 7PM.
* City Hall, 4 East 7th St.

## Transportation
Eudora is next to three state highways, three county highways, and a direct route to one national highway and to one interstate highway:
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Famous people
* Chase Austin, NASCAR driver
* Debra Barnes, 1968 Miss America
* Hugh Beaumont, actor
* Vic Edelbrock, manufacturer, automotive engineer
* Charles Parham, founder of Pentacostalism, presided over Methodist Church services from 1892 to 1894.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* 
* Eudora - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 491, local school district
;Media
* *The Eudora News*, local newspaper
* Eudora Reporter, Eudora news and information
;Maps
* Eudora City Map , KDOT
Aaron Rosand

**Aaron Rosand** (March 15, 1927 – July 9, 2019) was an American violinist. In an April 1970 review in *The New York Times*, critic Harold C. Schonberg wrote of Rosand that “Romanticism on the violin had a rebirth last night in Carnegie Hall". In the 1960s he performed often at Butler University's Festival of Neglected Romantic Music.

Rosand died on July 9, 2019 in New York City, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Paulo Henrique Amorim

**Paulo Henrique dos Santos Amorim** (22 February 1942 – 10 July 2019) was a Brazilian blogger and journalist. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.

Amorim worked as a sociologist and political scientist. He worked for Manchete Network, Grupo Abril, Jornal do Brasil, Globo Network, Bandeirantes Network and TV Cultura.

From 2003 on, he worked for Record Network. Online-wise, he worked for Zaz, Terra, UOL and Internet Group (iG). He also owned an independent web portal named Conversa Afiada,  "located somewhere in the Web 2.0".

## References 
## Other websites
* Paulo Henrique Amorim
Jim Bouton

**James Alan Bouton** (; March 8, 1939 – July 10, 2019) was an American professional baseball player, writer and actor. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. 

Bouton played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a pitcher for the New York Yankees, Seattle Pilots, Houston Astros, and Atlanta Braves between 1962 and 1978. He was also a best-selling author who wrote *Ball Four*. He was also an activist, sportscaster and one of the creators of Big League Chew. 

An actor, he was known for his role as Terry Lennox in Robert Altman's 1973 movie *The Long Goodbye*.

Bouton was a delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention for George McGovern.

Bouton died under hospice care in Great Barrington, Massachusetts on July 10, 2019 from cerebral amyloid angiopathy, aged 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Brendan Grace

**Brendan Grace** (1 April 1951 – 11 July 2019) was an Irish comedian and singer. He was known for his comedy schoolboy character "Bottler", the role of Murphy in the 1995 movie *Moondance*, and his 1996 appearance in the Irish TV sitcom *Father Ted* as Father Fintan Stack. Grace was born in Dublin.

## Biography
Grace was born in 1951 in central Dublin. He grew up in the Liberties neighborhood on Echlin Street. His father, Seamus, held various jobs, including bartending and working as an ambulance driver, to support the family. Like many young Dubliners in those days, Grace left school at an early age to start working. His first job was as a messenger boy, which he often mentioned in his live performances.

Grace died on 11 July 2019 in Dublin from lung cancer at the age of 68.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Web Site 
*
*
Antony Acland

Sir **Antony Arthur Acland**  (12 March 1930 &ndash; 8 September 2021) was a British diplomat. He was the Provost of Eton College. Acland was the U.K. Ambassador to the United States from 1986 to 1991 during the Margaret Thatcher and John Major ministries.

Acland died on 8 September 2021 at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*Sir Antony Acland interviewed by Liz Cox on Monday 23 April 2001 , British Diplomatic Oral History Programme (BDOHP), Churchill College, Cambridge
Tokyo Bay

is a bay in the southern Kantō region of Japan. It goes on the coasts of Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, and Chiba Prefecture. The Uraga Channel connects Tokyo Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Its old name was . The Tokyo Bay region is the place with the most people, and it's the place that is most industrialized in Japan.
## References
## Other websites
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

**Cerebral amyloid angiopathy** (CAA), also known as **congophilic angiopathy**, is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid comes out of the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system. 

The term *congophilic* is used because the amyloid appears red when looked under a microscope when *Congo red* dye is used. The amyloid material is only found in the brain and as such the disease is not related to other forms of amyloidosis.

## References
Great Barrington, Massachusetts

**Great Barrington** is a  town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 7,172 at the 2020 census. It is the birthplace of W. E. B. Du Bois. In 2012, *Smithsonian* magazine ranked Great Barrington #1 in its list of "The 20 Best Small Towns in America".

## References
Motto McLean

**Emmanuel Hall Roberts McLean** (December 26, 1925 – July 10, 2019) was a Scottish-born Canadian professional hockey player.

McLean played for the Omaha Knights and Fort Worth Rangers. He also played for the St. Louis Flyers in the American Hockey League, along with the New Westminster Royals and Vancouver Canucks. He received the Wm. Thayer Tutt Award from USA Hockey in 2002.

McLean was born in Dalmeny, Scotland. He died in Omaha, Nebraska on July 10, 2019 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
2018 Memorial Cup

The **2018 Memorial Cup** (branded as the **2018 Mastercard Memorial Cup** for sponsorship reasons) was a four-team, round-robin format tournament that was held at the Brandt Centre in Regina, Saskatchewan from May 18–27, 2018. It was the 100th Memorial Cup championship of junior ice hockey, and determined the champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). 

## References
## Other websites
* Memorial Cup 
* Canadian Hockey League
Sigillography

seal on vellum tag or tail of an  English deed *(1638)*.]]

**Sigillography** is the study of the seals used on documents. It is one of the auxiliary sciences of history. It has links to diplomatics, heraldry, social history, and the history of art.

This field of study was started in the 15th century by students of old artifacts. Then it became more well known in the 16th and 17th centuries. At first this field of study was thought of as part of diplomatics. But over time it became known as its own field of study.  

## References
Secretary of State of Kansas

The **Secretary of State of Kansas** is one of the constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Kansas. They are in charge of administering elections and voter registration for Kansas. They also get campaign finance reports. They are also able to prosecute people for voter fraud.

The current Secretary of State is Scott Schwab. He has been secretary since January 14, 2019.

## History
The first Secretary of State for Kansas was John Winter Robinson. He was a doctor from Litchfield, Maine, but he moved to Manhattan, Kansas in 1857. Robinson was elected in December 1859. He became secretary in February 1861, after Kansas became a state.

## List of secretaries
### Secretaries in the Kansas Territory
### State
## References
## Other websites
*
Auxiliary sciences of history

The **auxiliary sciences of history** are fields of study based on historical sources and items. 

Many of those fields of study started between the 16th and 19th centuries. At first, they were started by students of old artifacts. At the time, "history" was thought of only as a literary skill. 

In the late 18th century, the study of history became more empirical. The change was led by the Göttingen School of History. Then, in the mid-19th century, Leopold von Ranke also focused on it. The changes led to the rise of the trained historian as a skill. 

The auxiliary sciences of history include but are not limited to the following:

* Archeology, the study of human activity
* Archaeography, the study of ancient documents
* Archival science, the study and theory of making and maintaining archives
* Chorography, the study of regions and places
* Chronology, the study of the sequence of past events
* Cliometrics, using economic theory and other mathematical methods to study history
* Codicology, the study of books
* Diplomatics, the study historical documents
* Epigraphy, the study of ancient inscriptions
* Genealogy, the study of family relationships
* Heraldry, the study of armorial devices
* Numismatics, the study of coins 
* Onomastics, the study of proper names 
* Paleography, the study of old handwriting
* Phaleristics, the study of military orders, fraternities, and award items
* Philately, the study of postage stamps
* Philology, the study of the language of historical sources
* Prosopography, the investigation of a historical group of individuals
* Sigillography, the study of seals
* Toponymy, the study of place-names
* Vexillology, the study of flags

## Related pages
*Historical method

## References
Kansas Insurance Commissioner

The **Kansas Insurance Commissioner** (**KIC**) is in charge of helping the people whose lives are protected by insurance in the state of Kansas. The Insurance Commissioner is elected. The current Insurance Commissioner is Republican Vicki Schmidt.

## List of Insurance Commissioners
The office used to called the Superintendent of Insurance. In 1927, the name changed to Commissioner of Insurance.

### Kansas State Superintendents of Insurance
### Kansas State Commissioners of Insurance
## References
## Other websites
* Kansas Insurance Department publications at Kansas Government Information (KGI) Online Library
2006–07 New York Rangers season

The **2006–07 New York Rangers season** was the National Hockey League franchise's 80th season of play and their 81st season overall.

## Regular season
### Season standings
## Schedule and results
## Playoffs 
The New York Rangers ended the 2006–07 regular season as the Eastern Conference's sixth seed.

Key:  Win  Loss

## Player statistics
;Skaters

;Goaltenders

;Goaltenders

†Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.
‡Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.

## Awards and records
*Lester Patrick Trophy: Brian Leetch & John Halligan

### Team specific awards
***Frank Boucher Trophy** (to the "most popular player on and off the ice"): Henrik Lundqvist
***Rookie of the Year**: Daniel Girardi
***Ceil Saidel Memorial Award** ("for dedication to the organization on and off the ice"): Brendan Shanahan
***Steven McDonald Extra Effort Award** ("for the player that goes above and beyond the call of duty"): Jed Ortmeyer
***Rangers Good Guy Award** (for "cooperation with the media"): Brendan Shanahan
***Lars-Erik Sjoberg Award** (to the best rookie of training camp): Nigel Dawes and Brandon Dubinsky
***Rangers Most Valuable Player**: Henrik Lundqvist
*'''Players' Player Award''': Brendan Shanahan

### Milestones
## Transactions
### Trades
### Free agents acquired
### Free agents lost
### Received from waivers
### Waiver losses
## Draft picks
New York's picks at the 2006 NHL Entry Draft in Vancouver, British Columbia, at the General Motors Place.

## Roster
**Goaltenders:**

•
•

**Defensemen**

•
•
•
•
•
•
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**Forwards**

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## Related pages
*2006–07 NHL season

## References
***Game log:** New York Rangers game log on espn.com
***Team standings:** NHL standings on espn.com
***Player Stats:** New York Rangers 2006–07 Reg. Season Stats on espn.com
***Draft picks:** 2006 NHL Entry Draft
*Official site of the New York Rangers
Ron Estes

**Ronald Gene Estes** (born July 19, 1956) is an American politician. He has been a member of the U.S. Representative for Kansas's 4th congressional district since April 25, 2017. He is a Republican. He was the 39th Kansas State Treasurer from 2011 to 2017 under Governor Sam Brownback.

## Early life and education
Estes was born in Topeka, Kansas. He is a fifth-generation Kansan. He earned a bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering and a master's degree in Business Administration from Tennessee Technological University.

## Electoral history 
### Kansas State Treasurer
### 2017 Congressional election
#### Republican caucus results
#### General election
## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Ron Estes official U.S. House website
* Ron Estes for Congress campaign website
* 
* 
*
Kansas State Treasurer

The **State Treasurer of Kansas** is in charge of the safe and efficient operation of state government. The Treasurer does this through effective banking, investment, and managing money.

The current Kansas Treasurer is Jacob LaTurner. He has been treasurer since April 25, 2017.

## List of treasurers
### Treasurers in the Kansas Territory
### State Treasurers
## References
## Other websites
*
Keke Palmer

**Lauren Keyana** "**Keke**" **Palmer** (born August 26, 1993) is an American actress, singer, and television personality. 

*Time* magazine included her on its list of most influential people in the world in 2019.

## Filmography
## Discography
**So Uncool* (2011)
**Waiting to Exhale* (2016)
The Signpost

***The Signpost*** is the online newsletter of the English Wikipedia. It is written by Wikipedia editors and covers news about the English Wikipedia. It includes news about important discussions, new featured articles and pictures, Wikipedia technology, and what other newspapers and journals have written about Wikipedia. It also publishes  articles by Wikipedia editors and sometimes news about the Wikimedia Foundation and Wikipedias in other languages.

## History
 of *The Signpost*, in 2009]]
 from *The Signpost* on April Fool's Day 2015 In its first edition he wrote:
I hope this will be a worthwhile source of news for people interested in what is happening around the Wikipedia community.

Snow was *The Signpost*'s main editor (editor-in-chief) until August 2005. Ryan Lomonaco became the new editor-in-chief, but Snow still wrote articles for the newsletter until February 2008. He stopped when he was appointed to the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation. In July 2008 he was elected Chairman of the Board. He was the Chairman for two years.

When it started, the newsletter's title was *The Wikipedia Signpost*. In 2011, the title became simply *The Signpost*. From 2005 to March 2016, *The Signpost* came out every week. Then it changed to coming out every two weeks because it did not have enough editors. In March, April and May of 2016 it did not come out at all. As of 2019, it comes out once a month.

On April Fool's Day, *The Signpost* sometimes publishes joke articles and pictures. Examples of joke articles from April Fool's Day 2015 are "Special Report: Pictures of the Year 2015" (with joke pictures) and "Featured Content: Stop Press. Marie Celeste Mystery Solved". Crew Found Hiding In Wardrobe".

## In other newspapers and magazines
Journalists from other newspapers and magazines have used articles in *The Signpost* to help write their own articles.
*In 2013 "Wiki-PR's extensive network of clandestine paid advocacy exposed", a story about people secretly paying companies to write Wikipedia articles about them, was used by the *International Business Times*.
*In 2015 "Three weeks to save freedom of panorama in Europe", a story about changes to European copyright rules for photographs, was used by the German newspaper *Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung* and the British magazine *Amateur Photographer*.
*In 2016 "New internal documents raise questions about the origins of the Knowledge Engine", a story about the Wikimedia Foundation accepting money to develop a new search engine,  was used by the German magazine *Heise* and the American journal *Nonprofit Quarterly*.

## References
## Other websites
* *The Signpost* homepage
* Wikisignpost– official Twitter account
Giannis Antetokounmpo

**Giannis Sina Ugo Antetokounmpo** (born December 6, 1994) is a Greek professional basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). , Antetokounmpo's combination of size, speed and ball-handling skills led to his nickname the "**Greek Freak**". He is the 2019 NBA Most Valuable Player.

Born in Greece to Nigerian parents, Giannis did not receive either Greek or Nigerian citizenship until May 9, 2013, at the age of 18 years, 5 months, and 3 days. Antetokounmpo began playing basketball for the youth teams of Filathlitikos in 2008, at the age of 13, in Athens. In 2011, he began playing for the club's senior team. He declared himself eligible for the NBA Draft in 2013 and was selected 15th overall by the Milwaukee Bucks.

In 2016–17, he led the Bucks in all five major statistical categories and became the first player in NBA history to finish a regular season in the top 20 in total points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks (although totals are not the statistics used to determine league leaders, in which case the stat is not true; and several players have completed seasons with higher average ranks among the five statistics, such as Michael Jordan in 1987-88 and 1988-89). He received the Most Improved Player award in 2017. He has received three All-Star selections, and led the Eastern Conference in voting in 2019. He was named NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) twice in June 2019 and in September 2020.

## References
Jason Bay

**Jason Raymond Bay** (born September 20, 1978) is a Canadian-American former professional baseball left fielder. Bay played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres, Pittsburgh Pirates, Boston Red Sox, New York Mets and Seattle Mariners. Bay was the National League Rookie of the Year in 2004 and he won the Silver Slugger Award in 2009. He is a three-time MLB All-Star and a three-time Tip O'Neill Award winner as the best Canadian baseball player.

## Career  
### San Diego Padres (2003)
Bay debuted with the Padres on May 23, 2003, getting his first major league hit, a home run, in the ninth inning. Two days later, he suffered a broken right wrist after being hit by a pitch.

#### Pittsburgh Pirates (2003–2008) 
On August 26, 2003, Bay was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates, along with Óliver Pérez and Cory Stewart in exchange for Brian Giles. He finished the season with a .287 batting average, four home runs, and 14 RBI in 30 games.

#### Boston Red Sox (2008–2009) 
On July 31, 2008, Bay and a player to be named later (Josh Wilson)[8] were traded to the Boston Red Sox in a three team deal that sent Manny Ramirez to the Los Angeles Dodgers and Andy LaRoche with Bryan Morris to the Pittsburgh Pirates from the Dodgers and Brandon Moss with Craig Hansen to the Pirates from the Red Sox.
## References
Bechuanaland

]]

**Bechuanaland** was a federation of Tswana lands stretching from the territory of the Bangwato in present day Botswana to the Batlhaping area around present day Kimberley, South  Africa. The area included  large parts of what is now the North West and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa.

Bechuanaland was declared a British protectorate, in 1885, and subsequently divided the territory along the Molopo River.

The areas to the South of the Molopo became British Bechuanaland and would later be handed over to the Cape Colony, which in 1910 was part of the two British colonies, Cape Colony and Natal, which united with the Boer republic's Transvaal and Orange Free State to form the Union of South Africa.

The territory of modern-day Botswana, North of Molopo became Bechuanaland Protectorate until independence in 1966.

Great Britain offered protection against the Boer Republics after the Boers invaded Bechuanaland in the early 1880s establishing Stellaland and Goshen within Bechuanaland around present day Vryburg, South Africa.

The Christian missionary John MacKenzie of the London Missionary Society convinced Bangwato ruler Khama III and other Tswana rulers to seek Protectorate status and the Warren Expedition was dispatched from the Cape in 1885 to remove the Boers from Stellaland and Goshen and proclaim Bechuanaland a British Protectorate.

It had a territory of approximately .

After the British divided Bechuanaland into two, the capital of Bechuanaland Protectorate now fell outside its territory: It was the modern-day city of Mahikeng, then called Mafeking, in South Africa.
Larry J. Hopkins

**Larry Jones Hopkins** (October 25, 1933 &ndash; November 15, 2021) was an American politician. He represented Kentucky's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1993. He was the Republican nominee for Governor of Kentucky in 1991 and lost to Brereton C. Jones. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. His son was actor Josh Hopkins.

Hopkins died on November 15, 2021 in Lexington, Kentucky at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania

**Luzerne County** is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 325,594, making it the most populous county in the northeastern part of the state. 

The county seat and largest city is Wilkes-Barre. 

Other populous communities include Hazleton, Kingston, Nanticoke, and Pittston. Luzerne County is included in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a total population of 567,559 (as of 2020).

## References