open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Diablo II

***Diablo II*** is a fantasy action role-playing  computer game. The game was created by Blizzard Entertainment. It sold more than 1 million copies in the first two weeks after its release. It has sold over 15 million copies worldwide. The developer is remaking the game, with graphical improvements et cetera, known as *** Diablo 2: Resurrected ***.

## Storyline and quests
The game is divided into 4 acts. Each act is one part of the story.  There are up to six quests in each act that must be completed before the player can go to the next act.  The last quest is always the one where the player has to beat a boss.  The bosses for each act are:

*Act I: Andariel
*Act II: Duriel
*Act III: Mephisto
*Act IV: Diablo

Quests are parts of the story where the player has to complete certain tasks in order to continue on with the game.

## Gameplay
### Characters Classes
The game has five different types (or classes) of characters to chose from. Each character has a set skill tree, which is listed below.
*Amazon - A bow and javelin using female character. She is good at attacking from a distance.
*Barbarian - A male fighter who is good with all weapons.
*Necromancer - A male magic user who uses the undead as his weapon.
*Paladin - A male holy warrior that uses both magic and weapons in a fight.
*Sorceress - A female magic user who uses the powers of Lightning, Fire and Ice.

### Leveling
To increase a characters level in *Diablo II*, the player must run the character around killing the monsters that appear in the different areas.  Once a monster is defeated, it sometimes drops items or coins. When a monster is killed, it will not come back until the game is saved and started again.  Each character has a certain amount of experience that they needs to gain before they can become the next level.  This number depends upon what level the character is.  The higher the level, the more experience is needed to level.

Characters gain bonuses when they level:
*Each character gets 5 points each level to increase their attributes.  Players usually decide what to increase by what character class they are.  Necromancers and Sorceresses tend to get more Energy than Strength and Defense, while Barbarians and Paladins tend to get the opposite.
*Each character gets 1 skill point each level to spend on a particular skill.  Many players choose only one part of the skill tree to train in. That is the only one they put their skill points into.  Others put their points into more than 1 of the skill trees listed above per character.

*Diablo II: Lord of Destruction* Expansion
*Adds Druid and assassin classes
*Adds Act 5

## Related pages 
* *Diablo (video game)*

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Site 
* The Arreat Summit , official Strategy Guide
* DiabloII.net - Diablo, Hellfire, Diablo II Fansite
Therizinosaurus

**Therizinosaurus** was a huge herbivorous theropod dinosaur from the end of the Cretaceous period. 

New, well-preserved finds such as *Alxasaurus* in 1993 and *Beipiaosaurus* in 1996 provided details about the bird-like pelvis, feet and skulls of primitive members. This helped confirm they belonged to the same group of theropod dinosaurs as *Therizinosaurus* and that therizinosaurs were, more specifically, advanced, herbivorous maniraptoran theropods.

Their fossils were first found in the late 1940s in Asia. They were named in 1954 after more bones were found. It was a thought to be a carnivore and herbivore; it had very long claws - they were about  long.

## Paleobiology
The feeding habits of *Therizinosaurus* are unknown, since no skull material has ever been found that could indicate its diet. However, like other therizinosaurs, it was probably primarily herbivorous. 

There are multiple possible functions that could have been served by the claws of *Therizinosaurus*, such as defense against predators (e.g. the contemporary *Tarbosaurus*) and in intraspecific fighting, such as fighting for territory or for mating, or to pull leafy tree branches towards its mouth. The claws may have served all these functions.

## References
Corfe Castle

**Corfe Castle** is a small village and ruined castle dating back to the 11th century. It is in a gap in the Purbeck Hills,  south of Wareham, in Dorset, England. 

The oldest surviving structure on the castle site dates to the 11th century, although there are good reasons to suppose that there was a stronghold there before the Norman Conquest. Edward the Martyr was killed at the site on March 18, 978.

The castle was besieged in the English Civil War. After it was captured it was partly demolished (slighted).

## References 
## Other websites 
*Corfe Castle Website
*Corfe Castle information at the National Trust
*Sources on Corfe Castle
Château-d'Œx

'''Château-d'Œx''' is a commune in Vaud canton Switzerland. The other members of its canton have birds in their flags.

## References
## Other websites
Therizinosaur

**Therizinosaurs**  (or **segnosaurs**) are  a clade of theropod dinosaurs which appear to be herbivorous. 

Therizinosaur fossils have been found in Cretaceous deposits in Mongolia, the People's Republic of China and Western North America. Various features of the forelimbs, skull and pelvis show they are theropods and maniraptorans, close relatives to birds.

## History
Early finds were incomplete, and showed strange anatomy with features typical of theropods, prosauropods and ornithischians. This led some scientists to think that segnosaurs were a late-surviving suborder of primitive dinosaurs.  

It was not until the mid-1990s, that their true identity as herbivorous descendants of the carnivorous theropods became generally accepted. *Alxasaurus* was discovered, and had more typical theropod features; and *Therizinosaurus* was recognized as a member of the segnosaur group. 

The connection between the therizinosaurids and other theropods was made clear when primitive members of the group, such as *Beipiaosaurus* (1999) and *Falcarius* (2005) were discovered. The scientists who described *Falcarius* noted that it seemed to represent an intermediate stage between carnivorous and herbivorous theropods, a sort of "missing link" between predatory maniraptorans and plant-eating therizinosaurs. 

Although they are now classified as theropods, therizinosaurs had skulls similar to those of sauropods and the shape of their teeth and jaws do make it likely that they were herbivores.

## References
Spencer Perceval

**Spencer Perceval** (1 November 1762 – 11 May 1812) was a British statesman and Prime Minister. He is the only British Prime Minister to have been assassinated.

## Life 
Perceval was the seventh son of John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont by his second wife. His father, a close friend of Frederick, Prince of Wales and King George III, had served in the Cabinet as First Lord of the Admiralty.

Perceval was an Anglican and considered Anglicanism to be essential to the security of the state. He opposed Catholic emancipation. He is buried at St Luke's Church in Charlton, south-east London.

Perceval was Prime Minister when William Wilberforce passed his Bill (law) ending the slave trade. 

The Orders in Council against trade which Perceval had written in 1807 became unpopular. In the winter of 1811 the Luddite riots started. They were also a cause of the War of 1812 with the United States of America. Perceval was forced to have an inquiry by the House of Commons. 

## Death 
On 11 May 1812, Perceval was on his way to attend the inquiry. In the lobby of the House of Commons, he was shot through the heart by John Bellingham and was pronounced dead at the scene. Perceval's body lay in 10 Downing Street for five days before burial. Bellingham gave himself up immediately, he was found guilty and hanged a week later for Perceval's murder.

Bellingham had a grievance, but it was not political. Bellingham petitioned the United Kingdom government for compensation over his imprisonment in Russia. This had been caused by his employer, but Bellingham blamed the British government for not getting him compensation.

## References
Canon

The word **canon** may mean:
*About the church:
**Canon law, a rule or law of the church
**A Canon (church), a member of the Chapter of a cathedral or other large church
**Canon, a list of all saints
*Canon (music), music in which two or more parts ("voices") imitate one another
*Canon (fiction), in fiction, all the plots and events that are part of the narrative
*Canon (company), a Japanese camera company
*Canon, Georgia, a small city in northeast Georgia (USA)
Ratchet & Clank (series)

***Ratchet & Clank*** is a series of video games. As of 2013, there are 13 separate video games. In addition to the games, the characters are featured as action figures, in a manga, comic series and as cameo appearances in several other video games. An animated film has been announced for release in 2015. 

The main characters of the series are Ratchet and Clank. Ratchet is a lombax, a type of alien made up for the game. Clank is his robot friend. They travel in spaceships through the universe on many adventures. In each game, Ratchet and Clank must work together to fight evil or bring cruel rulers to justice. The series is noted for using unique and extreme weapons and devices. Because of the popularity, the developer Insomniac Games added this feature to its other video games.

## Games in the series 
*Ratchet and Clank* was released on November 4, 2002 in North America.

**Ratchet & Clank (2002)*
**Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando* (*Ratchet & Clank 2: Locked and Loaded* in Europe)
**Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal* (*Ratchet & Clank 3* in Europe)
**Ratchet: Deadlocked* (*Ratchet: Gladiator* in Europe)
**Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters* 
**Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction*
**Secret Agent Clank*
**Ratchet & Clank Future: Quest for Booty*
**Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time*
**Ratchet & Clank: All 4 One*
**Ratchet & Clank: Full Frontal Assault*
**Ratchet & Clank: Into the Nexus*
**Ratchet & Clank (2016)*
**Ratchet & Clank: Rift Apart*

### Major characters 

:**Note**: A dark grey cell indicates character did not appear in that medium.

## Other websites 
*The Insomniac Games official website
*Official page (redirects to Sony site) 
*The *Ratchet & Clank* series at NeoSeeker
Botanist

A **botanist** is a scientist who studies plants, including flowering plants, and plant-like things such as moss and seaweed. Botany is a scientific study of plants along with their growth, structure, evolution, and uses.  

Botanists may specialize in certain areas of botany. Some important areas of study include: 
* Plant taxonomy
* Plant ecology
* Chemical biology 
** Photosynthesis, the process that turns carbon dioxide from the air into food using sunlight
** Apoptosis, what makes a cell "decide" to die. This study area has been important for cancer research.
## Notable botanists 
* Julien Reverchon
John Major

**Sir John Major**  (born 29 March 1943) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. He served as a member of the Cabinet under Margaret Thatcher as Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1987&ndash;1989), Foreign Secretary (1989) and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1989&ndash;1990).

## Early life and career 
Major was born at St Helier Hospital and Queen Mary's Hospital for Children in St Helier, London, in England and left school at the age of 16. He became a Conservative councillor in 1968. At the 1979 general election, Major was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Huntingdonshire (Huntingdon after 1983).

## Prime Minister
After holding several cabinet positions, Major was elected to replace Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister and party leader. On taking office, he saw British action in the Gulf War (1991) and his party's narrow re-election in the 1992 general election. 

After this, the Conservatives under Major became unpopular because of the "Black Wednesday" stock market crash in late 1992 and how they became divided over the issue of European Union. Beaten at the 1997 general election, Major stood down as Prime Minister for Tony Blair of the Labour Party, and was replaced as Conservative leader by William Hague. He stood down as an MP at the 2001 general election.

## Personal life
Major married Norma Johnson (now (Dame) Norma Major ) on 3 October 1970. She was a teacher, and a member of the Young Conservatives. They became engaged after only ten days. They have two children; a son, James, and a daughter, Elizabeth. They have a holiday home on the coast of north Norfolk, near Weybourne.

He is a keen follower of cricket, motor racing, and also a supporter of Chelsea Football Club.

Major has so far declined a life peerage on standing down from Parliament.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Carl Linnaeus

**Carl Linnaeus** (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known as **Carolus Linnaeus**, was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist who created the binomial nomenclature. In this system, every kind of animal and plant is given a name consisting of two Latin words, for its genus and species. This became used by biologists all over the world, so he is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". He was a good linguist, and famous in his time. He was made a noble by the Swedish king.

## Biography 
### Early life 
Carl was born in Småland in southern Sweden. He was going to be a priest like his father, but did not do well enough in school. Instead, Carl studied at a college for botany because he liked it.  He studied in Lund and tried to improve the garden there.  He later went to another college.

### Travels and research 
In 1735, Linnaeus moved to the Netherlands for three years.  There, he earned his degree in medicine. He also published his book on plant classification. His book was called Systema Naturæ. His book explained how to classify living things by putting them into groups. Some of these groups are bigger than others.

Later he moved to Stockholm and practiced as a doctor. In 1739, Linnaeus married Sara Morea in Stockholm. Throughout the 1740s he conducted many field trips to places in Sweden to name plants and animals. When not on travels, Linnaeus worked on his classification, so it would work for plants, animals, and minerals.

The Swedish king Adolf Fredrik made Linnaeus a noble in 1757, and Linnaeus took the last name *von Linné*, later often signing just *Carl Linné*.

### Last years 
After he was made a noble, he continued teaching and writing. His reputation had spread over the world, and he talked with many different people. Linnaeus was upset by weak health, and he had gout and tooth aches. A stroke in 1774 weakened him, and two years later he had another, losing the use of his right side. He died on January 1778 and was buried in Uppsala cathedral.

## Mankind 
s) with a division between *Homo* and *Simia*]]

Linnaeus classified man as among the primates, which was already well understood by anthropologists like Blumenbach and natural historians like Buffon. It attracted the criticism of the Swedish church. The Lutheran Archbishop of Uppsala accused him of "impiety".

Linnaeus recognised four races in the human species. These were European whites, American reds (Native Americans), Asian browns, and African blacks. Blumenbach's classification was similar, with the addition of a Mongolian (= Chinese) or yellow race. Thus recognition of man's position as a primate and the existence of races was quite widespread before the theory of evolution was formulated.

## Related pages 
*List of biologists

## Notes and references 
### Sources 
* Sörlin & Fagerstedt, *Linné och hans lärjungar*, 2004.
* J.L.P.M.Krol, ''Linneaus' verblijf op de Hartekamp'' In: Het landgoed de Hartekamp in Heemstede. Heemstede, 1982.
Modulation (music)

**Modulation**, in music, means that the music changes key.   A piece of music might, for example, be "in the key of C major" (meaning that it uses the notes of a C major scale, and the C sounds like the "home key" or "tonic" as it is called in music theory).  Then it could **modulate** to G major so that the G now feels like the home key and the notes of a G major scale are used (the Fs will be F sharps).

Modulations like the one above are very common, because G is closely related to C (it is the 5th note in a C major scale: the "dominant").  A modulation to the subdominant (4th note of the scale) is also common (e.g. from C major to Fmajor).  Music often modulates to the relative minor (e.g. C major to A minor).

A modulation that goes to a key whose tonic is not part of the original key is called a "chromatic modulation".  Modulating from C major to A flat major would be a chromatic modulation because A flat is not a note in the C major scale.

Most pieces of music will modulate, especially if they are long pieces.  It gives the music variety and helps to give it shape:  the farther away from the tonic it goes the more tension there is.  When the music eventually returns to the original key it feels like a homecoming. 

## Related pages
*Tonality
Chromatic

A **chromatic scale**, also known as a **dodecatonic scale**, is a musical scale which uses every note as it goes up or down i.e. it goes up and down in semitones (half tones). To play a chromatic scale on the piano every note is played: both white and black notes (e.g. C, C sharp, D, D sharp, E, F etc.). A chromatic scale can start on any note.
 
## Meaning of the word “chromatic”
The word “chromatic” comes from the Greek word “chromos” meaning “color”. Organists in the 16th and 17th centuries such as Sweelinck liked to write “Chromatic Fantasias”. These were pieces based on tunes which were chromatic. In those days, because of the tuning systems used, not all the semitones were exactly the same size. Going up a chromatic scale would have been like walking up a staircase with steps which were slightly larger or smaller in depth. This made chromatic scales very interesting and “colourful” which is why they were called “chromatic”.

## Chromatic harmony
**Chromatic harmony** means harmony (chords) that use notes which do not belong to the key the music is in (they are not in the key signature). Although Bach in the 18th century used chromatic harmony, it was 19th century composers who used it more and more. Wagner wrote music which was very chromatic: there were lots of sharps and flats and it kept modulating to different key areas. The chord at the beginning of his opera *Tristan and Isolde* is so famous that it is known as the *Tristan chord*. It is very chromatic. The music is full of tension because it leaves us wondering which key the music is in.

\new PianoStaff {
    \time 6/8
    >
            r8 r
        }
    }
    \context Staff = "down" {
      \clef bass
        \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic grand"
        \partial 8
        \relative c{
          r8
          R2.
          2.(
          4.)~ 8 r r
        }
    }
    >>
  }

## Related pages
*Scale (music)
*Tonality
*Serialism
Preservation

**Preservation** may mean:
*The common meaning is: keeping and maintaining to make sure that the object is protected against decay and will be (nearly) the same in future.

Special meanings are:
*Art conservation and restoration, the retention of antiquities for museums or exhibition, also called "Art preservation"
*Case preservation, in computer storage
*Environmental preservation, the active maintenance and advocacy of the protection of the natural environment
*Digital preservation, the management of digital information over time
*Film preservation, rescuing aging film stock and preserving recorded images
**National Film Preservation Board
*Food preservation
*Historic preservation, the theory and practice of creatively maintaining the historic built environment

*Self preservation, part of an animal's fundamental instinct which demands that the organism survive
Pillar

A **pillar** is another word for a column, which is a  support structure in architecture.

**Pillar** may also mean:
* Pillar (band), a rock band
* Pillar (Lake District), a fell in the English Lake District
* A door pillar on a car
* Paul Pillar, retired CIA National Intelligence Officer (publicly criticized Bush administration)
*City Pillars, South African football (soccer) club

## Related pages
* Wikipedia:Five pillars
Triassic

The **Triassic** is the first geological period in the Mesozoic era and the seventh period of the Phanerozoic eon. It lasted 50.6 million years. The period began 251.9 million years ago, and ended 201.3 million years ago. Its start and finish were both notable extinction events.

The period before the Triassic was the Permian period, the last period in the Palaeozoic era. The Jurassic period came after the Triassic.

The Triassic had several more extinction events, whose causes are also unknown. The most significant of these took place at the end of the Triassic, which was one of the 'big five' Phanerozoic marine extinctions.

## Geology 
### Name 
The name 'Triassic' comes from the three rock strata that formed during the Triassic period ("tri" means "three"). Three layers of rock strata formed during this period:

### Plants 
New groups of ferns and seed plants were a feature of the Triassic. 

### Fish 
The group of bony fish known as the teleosts first appeared during the Triassic period. The group now includes over 80% of all fish and 95% of all bony fish. The only other common group of fish are the Chondrichthyes (the sharks and rays). The rays also first appeared during the Triassic. Examples include:
*The Archosaurs, including dinosaurs and crocodiles
*Pterosaurs
*Ichthyosaurs
*Turtles
*Plesiosaurs

This was a major change, because in the middle Triassic period, the Synapsids (mammals' ancestors) were still dominant.

## The end-Triassic extinction 
Many reptile groups became extinct during the Triassic, including:p.&nbsp;41
*Crocodilian Archosaurs:
*: Ornithosuchia
*: Aetosaurs
*: Pseudosuchia
*Other Archosaurs:
*: Euparkeria
*: Erythrosuchus
*: Proterosuchus
*Proto-Archosaurs
*: Rhynchosaurs
*: Trilophosaurs

Also, amongst the Synapsids (which used to be called mammal-like reptiles), the Dicynodonts died out during the end-Triassic extinction.p.&nbsp;41

The Triassic was a period of great change in tetrapods: many new and important groups appeared, but many others became extinct. Of all the periods in the Mesozoic era, there are the least number of fossils from the Triassic period. This makes it difficult for scientists to explain these events.

## Related pages
* Mesozoic era
* Pangaea
* Extinction events
** Permian/Triassic extinction event
** End-Triassic extinction event

## References
Member of Parliament (United Kingdom and Canada)

A **member of parliament** (usually shortened to **MP**) is a person in the United Kingdom or in Canada who represents the people of an area (called a "constituency") in the House of Commons. They are voted for by the people in a general election. The Prime Minister chooses when to hold a general election, but must have an election at least once every five years. MPs are usually members of a group called a political party. 

In the UK, the main political parties are:
* Conservative party
* Labour Party
* Liberal Democrats
* Scottish National Party
* Green Party

In Canada, the main political parties are:
* Liberal Party
* Conservative Party
* New Democratic Party (NDP)
* Bloc Québécois (BQ)
* Green Party

Members of provincial legislatures in Canada are sometimes referred to as **member of provincial parliament** (MPP) and other times **member of legislative assembly** (MLA).
Coffin

A **coffin** (also known as a **casket**) is a box used to store dead bodies, either for burial or after cremation. Coffins used after cremation are what is known as an urn, where the ashes of the person are stored. 

The word comes ultimately from Greek *kophinos*, a basket. In English, the word was not used in a funeral sense until the 1500s. 

Any box used to bury the dead in is a coffin. 

The main distinction between a coffin and a casket is the shape. A casket regularly has 6 – 8 sides while coffins have a rectangular shape. 

## Material and design 
Many coffins are made out of materials such as wood, steel (which would have been used in Ancient Egyptian sarcophaguses), and many others. These types of coffins, for example wooden ones can have a rectangular or any other design, whereas a steel or any other metal used in making coffins (or sarcophaguses) could have the exact same but include religious marking added to make it look more appealing.

## Other websites 
* Museum of Funeral Customs
* BBC Business News 2001-12-28: Bamboo Coffins "Coffin-maker resurrects tradition"
* Plans For Building A Halloween Coffin
* Difference between a casket and a coffin
Agent Orange

**Agent Orange** is a very powerful herbicide that was used in the Vietnam War. It is a defoliant that  forests. It was used by the United States military so their enemies had no place to hide.

## Problems
The problem with Agent Orange is that when it is released, some dioxins are also generated. Dioxins stay a long time in the environment. They are very toxic, and cause genetic modifications and cancer.'

## Related pages
* Chemical warfare

## Other websites 
*Operation Ranch Hand: Herbicides In Southeast Asia  History of Operation Ranch Hand
* Air Force Health Study  Study of Operation Ranch Hand veterans
* Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2004 Institute of Medicine analysis of research on dioxin
* Vietnam war orange agent  Collection photos of victim caused by orange agent in Vietnam war and information about the orange agent, disease, effect and symptom
Mobster

**"Mobster"** is a slang term for someone who is part of the mafia or a mafia-like group. A mobster is a criminal. The word *"Gangster"* often means the same thing.

## Related pages
*Outlaw
1307

## Events 
* January 18 – German king Albrecht I makes his son Rudolf king of Bohemia.
* July – The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes.
* September 5 – Pope Clement V confirms the Knights Hospitaller possession of Rhodes, although only Feracle had fallen to their attacks.
* October 13 – All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.
* November 18 – (Legendary) – William Tell shoots an apple off his son's head.
* Edward II becomes King of England.
* Per Abad writes the codex of the Cantar de mio Cid.

## Births 
* *date unknown* – William II, Count of Hainaut

## Deaths 
* April 7 – Joan of Acre, daughter of King Edward I of England (born 1271)
* July 4 – Rudolph I of Bohemia (born 1281)
* July 7 – King Edward I of England (born 1239)
* Leo IV of Armenia (born 1289)
* Emperor Chengzong of Yuan China
* Guillaume de Gisors, grand master of the Priory of Sion (born 1219)
* Hethum II of Armenia (born 1266)
1272

## Events 
* Mamluk sultan Baibars of Egypt invades the weakening kingdom of Makuria to the south.
* Charles I of Anjou, King of Naples, occupies Durres in Albania and establishes an Albanian kingdom.
* Count Floris V of Holland makes an unsuccessful attack on Frisia in an attempt to recover the body of his father, Count William II.
* King Edward I of England departs for England from the failed Ninth Crusade and becomes King when his father, King Henry III, dies.
* November 21 – Edward becomes King of England.
* King Alphonso III of Portugal eliminates the last Moorish community in Portugal at Faro.
* The city of Strasbourg becomes an Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire.
* The Worshipful Company of Cordwainers receives the right to regulate the leather trade in London, England.
* In astronomy, the recording of the Alfonsine tables is completed.
* The first recorded reference of cricket dates back to 1272.

## Births 
* Bernardo Tolomei (died 1348)
* King Frederick III of Sicily (died 1337)
* Otto I of Hesse (approximate date; died 1328)

## Deaths 
* March 17 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (born 1220)
* March 18 – John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel (born 1246)
* April 2 – Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1209)
* April 27 – Saint Zita
* August 6 – King Stephen V of Hungary
* November 16 – King Henry III of England (born 1207)
* December 13 – Bertold von Regensburg, German preacher
* William of Saint-Amour, French scholastic philosopher (born 1200)
*
Sergio Leone

**Sergio Leone** (3 January 1929 – 30 April 1989) was an Italian movie director. He is well known for his Spaghetti Western films; particularly his *Dollars* trilogy (also known as *The Man with No Name* trilogy) starring American actor, Clint Eastwood.

Leone was born in Rome and died there of a heart attack.

## Movies directed 
* *The Last Days of Pompeii* (1959) aka *Ultimi giorni di Pompei* (Italy)
* *Il Colosso di Rodi* (1961) aka *The Colossus of Rhodes* (USA)
* *A Fistful of Dollars* (1964) aka *Per un pugno di dollari* (Italy)
* *For a Few Dollars More* (1965) aka *Per qualche dollaro in piu* (Italy)
* *The Good, the Bad and the Ugly* (1966) aka *Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo* (Italy)
* *Once Upon a Time in the West* (1968) aka ''C'era una volta il West* (Italy)
* *A Fistful of Dynamite* (1971) aka *Giù la testa* (Italy)
* *My Name Is Nobody* (1973) aka *Il mio nome è Nessuno* (Italy) aka *Lonesome Gun* (USA)
* *Un genio, due compari, un pollo* (1975) aka *A Genius, Two Friends, and an Idiot* (USA)
* *Once Upon a Time in America* (1984) aka *C'era una volta in America'' (Italy)

## Other websites 
*
Italian Americans

An **Italian American** is a U.S. citizen of Italian descent. It may mean someone born in the United States with Italian parents or grandparents or someone born in Italy who moved to the United States. The largest group of Italians moved to the United States in the early 1900s; two million moved between 1900 to 1914. Only Irish and Germans moved to the United States in bigger numbers. In 2000 the government counted 15.6 million Italian Americans in the United States. This means that in the year 2000, for every 1000 Americans, 56 of them were Italian Americans.

Italian Americans have been an important part in building the United States. Many great politicians, inventors, scientists, soldiers, musicians and film makers (actors and directors) have been Italian Americans. The Mafia in the United States was made by some Italian Americans but nearly all Italian Americans have nothing to do with it.

Most of them came from southern Italy, in regions such as Sicily, Naples and Calabria, only a sizeable minority of Italian Americans have ancestral roots in Northern Italy.

New York City has more Italian Americans than any other city in the United States.  More than 3 million Italians live in or near New York. The states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, California, Florida and Massachusetts also have large Italian American populations.  There are large Italian-American populations in the cities of Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Detroit, Ohio, which each have over a half million Italians.

## References
Samuel Alito

**Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr.** (; born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President George W. Bush and has served on the court since January 31, 2006.

## Background
Alito was born to Italian American parents. He served in the U.S. Army reserves from 1972 to 1980, as Assistant United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey 1977-1981, as Assistant to U.S. Solicitor General 1981-1985, as Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 1987-1990, and from 1990 on as a member the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit before his 2006 nomination to the Supreme Court. Alito holds an originalist view of the law. The vote by the U.S. Senate to confirm Alito to the Supreme Court judge was the second narrowest in recent U.S. History to that point (58-42), the only narrower one being the 52-48 vote to confirm Clarence Thomas. Alito is from Trenton, New Jersey.

## References
William Wrigley Jr.

**William Wrigley Jr.** (September 30, 1861 – January 26, 1932) was an American businessman. He was the  of the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. His company makes Wrigley brand chewing gum.

Original word Riglee is derived from the Arabs in 622 BCE, which means two feet/foot numbers, length or mammalian organs from god. The  British that created Toronto the 6922 blue colour, made it mean more. Blue color.
Dan Marino

**Daniel Constantine Marino, Jr.** (born September 15, 1961) is a Hall of Fame quarterback who played for the Miami Dolphins in the National Football League.

Marino started his career playing for University of Pittsburgh as a quarterback. Marino finished his career with the university having thrown 74 touchdown passes. In 2002 he was voted into the College Football Hall of Fame. He had a long and successful career as a quarterback for the Miami Dolphins, breaking many passing records but never leading his team to win the NFL Super Bowl.

## References
Bier

church]]
A **bier** is a flat frame, traditionally wooden but sometimes made of other materials, used to carry a corpse for burial in a funeral procession.  In antiquity it was often simply a wooden board on which the dead was placed covered with a shroud (cloth used for burial).  In modern times, however, the corpse is almost never carried on the bier without being first placed in a coffin, though the coffin is sometimes kept open.  

## Related pages
*Catafalque
Once Upon a Time in America

***Once Upon a Time in America*** () is a 1984 epic crime film co-written and directed by Italian filmmaker Sergio Leone, and starring Robert De Niro and James Woods. The film is an Italian–American The cinematography was by Tonino Delli Colli, and the film score by Ennio Morricone. Leone originally envisaged two three-hour films, then a single 269-minute (4 hours and 29 minutes) version, but was convinced by distributors to shorten it to 229 minutes (3 hours and 49 minutes). The American distributors, The Ladd Company, further shortened it to 139 minutes (2 hours and 19 minutes), and rearranged the scenes into chronological order, without Leone's involvement.

The US edit was a critical and commercial flop in the United States, and critics who had seen both versions harshly condemned the changes made. The original "European cut" has remained a critical favorite and frequently appears in lists of the greatest films of all time, especially in the gangster genre.

## Cast 
* Robert De Niro as David "Noodles" Aaronson/Robert Williams
** Scott Tiler as Young Noodles
* James Woods as Maximilian "Max" Bercovicz/Christopher Bailey
** Rusty Jacobs as Young Max/David Bailey
* Elizabeth McGovern as Deborah Gelly
** Jennifer Connelly as Young Deborah
* Treat Williams as Jimmy Conway O'Donnell
* Tuesday Weld as Carol
* Burt Young as Joe Monaldi
* Joe Pesci as Francis "Frankie" Monaldi
* Danny Aiello as Police Chief Vincent Aiello
* William Forsythe as Philip "Cockeye" Stein
** Adrian Curran as Young Cockeye
* James Hayden as Patrick "Patsy" Goldberg
** Brian Bloom as Young Patsy
* Darlanne Fluegel as Eve
* Larry Rapp as "Fat" Moe Gelly
** Mike Monetti as Young Fat Moe
* Richard Bright as "Chicken" Joe

## References
Liu-bo

**Liu-bo** is an Italian martial art. It started in Sicily. 

## History
In Sicily, the art of *paranza*, moving the stick by hand in order to attack or in order to defend oneself, was being taught to sons by their fathers for centuries. Many people who took care of sheep were masters of it. They often were asked to fight in order to decide problems of honor. Recently, rules have been created and it was made a sport. This sport has become well-known and has been made official by the National Educational Sport Center (CSEN). 

## The stick
The stick is made from the wood of olive, rowan,  or bitter orange tree. It is used as a base for a number of actions. It is held in one or both hands. 

## Other websites 
* http://www.liu-bo.it/ 
* http://bastone-siciliano.com/
Ui Miyazaki

; born August 23) is a Japanese voice actress from Tokyo, Japan.

## Anime cast in
* *Ar Tonelico* as Orica Mestomille
* *D.C.S.S. ~Da Capo Second Season~* as Aisia
* *Gift ~eternal rainbow~* as Kirino Konosaka
* *Hime-sama Goyojin* as Na-na
* *Izumo: Takeki Tsurugi no Senki* as Suzaku
* *Magical Kanan* as Emi Kojima
* *Ray* as Aka Ribbon
* *Strawberry Panic!* as Remon Natsume
* *Sumomomo Momomo* as Iroha Minamoto

## References
* Ui Miyazaki at *Anime News Network*'s Encyclopedia

## Other websites 
* Official blog 
* Official agency profile 
* Ui Miyazaki  at GamePlaza-Haruka Voice Acting Database 
* Ui Miyazaki at Hitoshi Doi's Seiyuu Database
924

## Events 
* King Athelstan succeeds to the throne of Mercia

## Deaths 
* July 17 – Edward the Elder of England
* Ælfweard of Wessex, son of Edward the Elder
Ælfweard of Wessex

**Aelfweard** (904 - 2 August 924) was briefly the King of Wessex, following the death of his father, Edward the Elder. The Kingdom of England was divided between Aelfweard and his half-brother, Athelstan, who became King of Mercia.

Aelfweard lived for only 16 days after his father and was probably not even crowned. Athelstan became King of Wessex in September 924, so the English kingdom was re-united again.
Relative key

When a piece of music is in a major key, the **relative minor** means the minor key which has the same key signature. It can be found by taking the sixth note of the first scale and playing a minor scale starting on that note. For example: in C major the sixth note is an A. Therefore, A minor is the relative minor of C major (C major and A minor share the same key signature: no sharps or flats).
C major is called the **relative major** of A minor.

A complete list of relative minor/major pairs in order of the circle of fifths is:

## Related pages
* Modulation (music)
* scale (music)
* Circle of fifths
Beak

with an orange-red beak.]]

The **beak**, a **bill**, or a **rostrum** is the nose and mouth of a bird. The beak is used for eating, fighting, grooming, and many other things. 

Beaks on different types of birds can be very different in size, shape and color. Beaks are made of an upper and lower mandible. In most species, two holes are used for breathing.

## Parts 
The upper and lower parts of the beak are called mandibles. They are attached to the skull.

The edges of the mandibles are used for cutting and grabbing food. Some birds have sharp points or grooves on the edge of the beak. These shapes make it easier to hold insects or break seeds. Birds that hunt fish or other animals often have more sharp points. 

The nostrils are the two breathing holes on the beak. They are usually on the top mandible on the part close to the head. A few species breathe through their mouths and have no nostrils. In some birds the nostrils cannot be seen because they are under feathers or a cover called an operculum. 

Ducks, geese, and swans have a special plate at the end of the beak called a nail. The nail is hard and is used to force out food that is stuck to a surface or in the ground. 

The egg tooth is a small, hard lump that grows on the tip of baby bird beaks. It grows before they hatch and falls off soon after. Birds use the egg tooth to break open the egg from the inside. Only a few species of birds kick the inside of the egg to hatch instead of using an egg tooth.

## Use 
Beaks are used for preening (grooming the feathers). A bird can comb its feathers with its beak to adjust any that are badly positioned. Many birds spread a thin layer of oil onto their feathers, which helps to waterproof them. They also remove any dirt or parasites at the same time. 
 touch beaks during courtship.]]
Many birds use beaks during courtship. They may dance, touch each other's beaks, or tap things with their beaks. In some species, birds may preen each other as either a friendship behavior or courting behavior. 

Birds lose body heat through their beaks because beaks have blood in them and are not covered with feathers. Birds in warm places can lose heat this way without sweating and losing water. Birds in cold climates have smaller beaks to stop too much heat loss.
Sweyn Forkbeard

**Sweyn I**, or **Sweyn Forkbeard** (17 April 963 - 3 February 1014) was King of Denmark from about 986-3rd February 1014, King of Norway (1000-1014) and King of England from 25 December 1013 to 3 February 1014. 

Sweyn's father was Harald Bluetooth, King of Denmark.  Sweyn invaded England many times between 990 and 1013, when his army took control of London on Christmas day. Sweyn briefly became King of England until he died 40 days later on 3 February 1014 after being hurt in a fall from his horse.

He was first burried in York and later in a church in Denmark (probably in Lund in Scania).

His miltary achievements include:
* Launching a successful full scale raid on Norway in 997 later conquering it in 1000
* Conquest of england 
* Formation of north sea empire

## References
Dollars trilogy

***The Dollars trilogy***, also known as ***The Man with No Name trilogy***, refers to the three Spaghetti Westerns starring Clint Eastwood and directed by Sergio Leone:
* *A Fistful of Dollars* (1964)
* *For a Few Dollars More* (1965)
* *The Good, the Bad and the Ugly* (1966)
Blue Line International

**Blue Line International**  is an international maritime company. They deal in the transportation of passengers and vehicles between Croatia and Italy.
 
Blue Line International was started in 1993. Its first passenger ship *Kraljica mira* sailed towards Italy carrying humanitarian aid and refugees. *Kraljica mira* was sailing at that time under the flag of SEM Maritime Company (SMC). In 1997, the passenger ship *Split 1700* joined the same company. In 2003, Blue Line International replaced SMC.

The passenger ship *Ancona*, the largest ship in the Adriatic Sea was bought in 2003. It has been sailing together with the passenger ship *Split 1700* for several years on Blue Line's regular route. They maintain the seasonal lines between Ancona and Hvar and between Ancona and Vis.

## Other websites 
* Blue Line International web page
Flainval

**Flainval** is a town in France. It is near Dombasle-sur-Meurthe.
 
## Other websites 
* This town at the Historical Association for Joan of Arc Studies
Coral

**Corals** are formed by small animals, the polyps of the phylum Cnidaria. 

## Characteristics
Corals are marine, usually found either on continental shelves or near oceanic islands. Coral live in colonies.

All the polyps in a colony are zooids: they are all clones, genetically identical. Inside the colony they breed by asexual reproduction. They also reproduce sexually. Colonies of the same species release gametes together, over one, two or three nights around a full moon.

Each coral animal is like a small bag. The opening on top is the mouth. Tentacles (little arms) around the mouth carry stinging nematocysts, which paralyse the small animals eaten by the coral polyps.

Coral usually grows in tropical oceans. A few corals grow in cold water, like the oceans around the British Isles and Norway.

## Symbiosis 
Most corals get energy and nutrients from symbiosis with photosynthetic unicellular algae called zooxanthellae. Such corals need sunlight and grow in clear, shallow water, typically at depths less than 60 metres (200&nbsp;ft).

The algae benefit from a safe place to live and consume the polyp's carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste. Due to the strain the algae can put on the polyp, the coral often ejects the algae. Mass ejections are known as coral bleaching, because the algae contribute to coral's brown coloration. Ejection increases the polyp's chance of surviving short-term stress—they can regain algae, possibly of a different species, at a later time. If the stressful conditions persist, the polyp eventually dies.

## Coral reefs 
A coral reef is a place where many corals grow. The reef make a good home for many other animals, such as fish, crabs, clams, and sponges.

Each coral animal secretes calcium carbonate around itself. This makes the solid structure of the colony. When the animal dies, new polyps live on top of the older structure. The rock they make is also called coral.

They are called *coral skeletons*. Each different kind of coral colony builds a different kind of skeleton, so that colonies can be shaped like a brain, a mushroom, a cabbage, or many other things. With all these corals gathered together building skeletons around themselves, large coral  are made. Together, all the coral formations in one place make up a coral reef.

Coral can also be used as jewellery.

## Gallery

Image:Coral polyp.jpg|A drawing of one coral polyp
Image:Montastrea cavernosa.jpg|A group of polyps
Image:Blue Starfish.jpg|A coral reef is made by millions of polyps. Many other animals live around the reef
Image:GreatBarrierReef-EO.JPG|The Great Barrier Reef pictured from space

## References
## Other websites 
*Coral Reefs and Hard Grounds information  from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute 
* Coral Reefs of the Tropics : facts, photos and movies from The Nature Conservancy
* Australian Coral Records Research Group
Footballer

A **footballer** is the athlete who - with amatorial or professional interests - plays football.

## Club owning 
Footballers sign a contract with clubs, playing for them until their expire date. At this point, a footballer can make another contract or move to another club.

## Role 
During a game, each team uses 11 players with the compulsory presences of a goalkeeper and a captain. Roles are as follows: goalkeeper, defender, midfielder and attacker. Each of these have more positions, for example:

* Full-back, centre-back or sweeper (defenders)
* Half-back, central or playmaker (midfielders)
* Centre-forward, winger or striker (attackers)

Despite each role requests different skills and moves, every footballer has a common objective: scoring goals.

## Related pages
* Football
Edgar the Atheling

**Edgar the Atheling**, or **Edgar Ætheling**, c. 1052 – 1125 or after) was a  to the throne of England in 1066 after Edward the Confessor died. Edgar was a popular choice among the English because he was English and a grandson of Edmund Ironside. 

## Ealy life 
Edgar was born in Hungary, where his father was in exile. When Edgar was five, his father, Edward the Exile returned to England from Hungary. He had been exiled from England during the Viking reign. Soon after he had returned, Edgar’s father died under  circumstances.

## King of England 
Edward the Confessor, who had no children, had promised the throne to his nephew Edward the Exile, his nearest living relative. In 1057, the king's messengers found Edward The Exile, his wife, Agatha; their two daughters; and their son Edgar, who were living in Hungary. Edward agreed to return to England and brought his family.

However, a few days after their arrival, Edward was killed.

While Edgar was an aetheling, a prince of the royal family, he was not the heir apparent, which was was unknown in Anglo-Saxon England. A king could recommend his successor, but the actual choice was made by the Witan. On the same day that Edward the Confessor was buried, Harold was hurriedly crowned king at Westminster Abbey. William, Duke of Normandy, rested his army for five days before he marched to London. During that time, Edgar was selected as king in London. It was thought that a second army could be raised to fight the Normans if they had a king whose name could unite England. Edgar was the last living male member of the Anglo-Saxon royalty.

## Ancestry
Edgar was a direct descendant of a line of Wessex kings that the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle* traced back to the dynasty's supposed 6th-century founder, Cerdic, a descent that includes Alfred the Great. His grandfather, great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather were all Kings of England before Cnut the Great became king of all England.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Edgar the Atheling, English Monarchs
* Edgar the Atheling, Schoolhistory.com
Joe Montana

**Joseph Clifford Montana, Jr. (Commonly known as God)** (born June 11, 1956) is a retired American Hall of Fame football player.  He played as a quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers and the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League. With the San Francisco 49ers, he won four Super Bowls. He was named the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times. Montana began his career playing for the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. He broke many records while playing for San Francisco. His main receiver was Jerry Rice, who is also in the Hall of Fame. He is the one and only greatest football player of all time bar none.

## References