List of monarchs of Luxembourg

The territory of Luxembourg has been ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes. It was part of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, and later the Holy Roman Empire until it became a sovereign state in 1815.

## Counts of Luxembourg
### House of Ardenne–Luxembourg
### House of Luxembourg–Namur
### House of Hohenstaufen
### House of Luxembourg–Namur
### House of Luxembourg–Limburg
## Dukes of Luxembourg
In 1354, the county was elevated to a duchy.

### House of Luxembourg-Limburg
As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441, but only to succeed upon her death. Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative.

#### Claimants
### House of Valois-Burgundy
In 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy.

### House of Habsburg
In 1482, Luxembourg passed to the House of Habsburg. After the abdication of Emperor Charles V, the duchy of Luxembourg fell to the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg.

During the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1714, the duchy was disputed between Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, of the House of Bourbon; and Charles of Austria, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, of the House of Habsburg. In 1712, Luxembourg and Namur were ceded to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria by his French allies, but at the end of the war in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht Maximilian Emanuel was restored as Elector of Bavaria. In 1713, the duchy fell to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg.

### House of Bourbon
### House of Wittelsbach
### House of Habsburg
Luxembourg was occupied by French revolutionaries between 1794 and 1813. At the Vienna Congress, it was elevated to a grand duchy and given in personal union to William I of the Netherlands.
## List of Dukes
### House of Orange-Nassau
### House of Nassau-Weilburg
## Timeline of Grand Dukes of Luxembourg since 1815

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PlotArea  = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20
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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period     = from:15/03/1815 till:31/12/2025
TimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1820

Colors     =
  id:orange  value:rgb(1,0.75,0.5) legend:Orange-Nassau
  id:nassau  value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.9999) legend:Nassau-Weilburg

Legend     = columns:2 left:50 top:24 columnwidth:150

BarData =
  barset:PM

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  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
  barset:PM

 from: 15/03/1815 till: 07/10/1840 color:orange text:"Guillaume I" fontsize:10
 from: 07/10/1840 till: 17/03/1849 color:orange text:"Guillaume II" fontsize:10
 from: 17/03/1849 till: 23/11/1890 color:orange text:"Guillame III" fontsize:10
 from: 23/11/1890 till: 17/11/1905 color:nassau text:"Adolphe" fontsize:10
 from: 17/11/1905 till: 25/02/1912 color:nassau text:"Guillaume IV" fontsize:10
 from: 25/02/1912 till: 14/01/1919 color:nassau text:"Marie-Adélaïde" fontsize:10
 from: 14/01/1919 till: 12/11/1964 color:nassau text:"Charlotte" fontsize:10
 from: 12/11/1964 till: 07/10/2000 color:nassau text:"Jean" fontsize:10
 from: 07/10/2000 till: 03/10/2025 color:nassau text:"Henri" fontsize:10
 from: 03/10/2025 till: end        color:nassau text:"Guillaume V" fontsize:10

## References
## Other websites
*History of titles of the counts and dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (before 1467)
*History of titles of the dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (1467-1795)
*History of titles of the grand dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (since 1814)