open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bobby Burns (ice hockey)

**Robert Andrew Burns** (April 4, 1905 – August 12, 1995) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger. Burns played 17 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks. Burns spent most of his career in the American Hockey Association (AHA). In the AHA, Burns played with the Chicago Cardinals/Americans, Duluth Hornets, Minneapolis Millers, Chicago Shamrocks, St. Louis Flyers, Kansas City Pla-Mors, and the Oklahoma City/Minneapolis Warriors.

He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1930. Burns died on August 12, 1995.

## Other websites 
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Marty Burke

**Martin Alphonsos Burke** (January 28, 1905 – March 7, 1968) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. Burke played 504 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Ottawa Senators. Burke won the Stanley Cup twice with the Montreal Canadiens in 1930 and in 1931.

Burke retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1938. After he retired, Burke became the coach of the Calgary Stampeders of the ASHL/ABCSL/WCSHL. He was the head coach for 4 seasons and the associate coach for 1 season. Burke died on March 7, 1968.

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Barack Obama Presidential Center

The **Barack Obama Presidential Center** is a planned presidential library for Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States. The foundation is officially founded in January 2014. On April 30, 2015, it was confirmed that the Obama Presidential Library will be located in Jackson Park in Woodlawn, Chicago, Illinois. Construction began in August 2021. It will also be part of the Chicago Public Library system.

## References
Farley Mowat

**Farley McGill Mowat** (May 12, 1921 &ndash; May 6, 2014) was a Canadian author and environmentalist. He wrote many famous Canadian novels such as *People of the Deer* (1952) and *Never Cry Wolf* (1963). 

Mowat was born in Belleville, Ontario. He studied at the University of Toronto. Farley Mowat died on May 6, 2014 in Port Hope, Ontario, less than one week before his 93rd birthday.

## References
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Ray Gosling

**Raymond Arthur** "**Ray**" **Gosling** (5 May 1939 &ndash; 19 November 2013) was an English broadcaster, journalist, writer, and LGBT rights activist. He was best known for writing and presenting several hundred television and radio documentaries and regional  for BBC Radio 4 and Granada Television

Gosling was born on 5 May 1939 in Northampton, Northamptonshire. He went to Northampton Grammar School and the University of Leicester. In February 2010, he claimed during a local BBC television programme to have killed a lover in an act of euthanasia. He was arrested, but the claims were not real and he was given a suspended sentence for wasting police time.

Gosling died on 19 November 2013 at the Queen's Medical Centre in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. He was 74 years old.

## References
## Other websites
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Daniel Díaz Torres

**Daniel Díaz Torres** (31 December 1948 &ndash; 16 September 2013) was a Cuban movie director and screenwriter. He directed sixteen movies between 1975 and 2013. His best known movie was *Alice in Wondertown* (1991), which gained him international notability.

Díaz Torres died after a long illness on 16 September 2013 in his hometown of Havana. He was 65 years old.

## References
## Other websites
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Shea Weber

**Sheldon Weber** (born August 14, 1985) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He serves as their captain.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Weber played 3 seasons with the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL). During his time there, he was able to win the Memorial Cup with the Rockets and won the WHL airBC Trophy as the Most Valuable Player in the Playoffs.

He was drafted with the 49th overall pick by the Nashville Predators in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. On July 8, 2010, he was named the fifth captain in Nashville Predators history, replacing Jason Arnott, who was traded to the New Jersey Devils. He became the youngest captain in Predators history and was the only captain of the Predators to have been drafted by the team.

During the 2012 offseason, the Predators were unable to take Weber to arbitration again (a player can only be subjected to team-elected arbitration once in his career). Weber signed a front-loaded $110 million, 14-year offer sheet, $68 million of it as a signing bonus, with the Philadelphia Flyers on July 19. It was the richest contract in NHL history in terms of total money, money per season, and length, which surpassed the previous offer sheet record set by Thomas Vanek. The Predators, who had already lost Weber's defensive partner Ryan Suter to unrestricted free agency, were able to match the offer sheet five days later.

On June 29th 2016, Shea Weber was traded to the Montreal Canadiens for P.K. Subban.

## References
## Other websites 
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Mickey Duff

**Mickey Duff** (born **Monek Prager**; 7 June 1929 &ndash; 22 March 2014) was a Polish-born English boxer, manager and promoter. He promoted and managed many British boxers, including Frank Bruno, Joe Calzaghe, John Conteh, Terry Downes, Lloyd Honeyghan, Maurice Hope, Charlie Magri, Alan Minter, John H. Stracey, Jim Watt and Howard Winstone. After retiring in 1999, he was added into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.

He was born in Kraków to a Jewish family. His rabbi father fled with his family to the United Kingdom, escaping the Nazis, in the late 1930s. Later in life, Duff had Alzheimer's disease.

Duff died from natural causes on 22 March 2014 in Aldgate, London. He was 84.

## References
## Other websites
* Mickey Duff at BoxRec 
*
Bernie McGann

**Bernard Francis** "**Bernie**" **McGann** (22 June 1937 &ndash; 17 September 2013) was an Australian jazz alto saxophone player. He began his career in the late 1950s. He stayed active as a performer, composer and recording artist until his death. He was born in Granville, New South Wales.
 
McGann died from complications following heart surgery on the night of 17 September 2014 in Sydney. He was 76 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Bernie McGann at the Australian Jazz Real Book website
Kåre Valebrokk

**Kåre Valebrokk** (17 December 1940 &ndash; 9 February 2013) was a Norwegian journalist, editor and television executive. He was editor-in-chief and administrative director of TV 2 from October 1999 until June 2007, when he retired. He was the father of economist and editor Per Valebrokk (born 1972). He was born in Kristiansand, Vest-Agder.

Valebrokk died from in his sleep from natural causes on 9 February 2013 in Oslo. He was 72 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Benign neonatal seizures

**Benign neonatal seizures** are somewhat rare syndromes (medical problems) which cause seizures in newborn infants. A seizure is caused by problems in the electrical activity in the brain.

One syndrome is *benign idiopathic neonatal seizures* (BINS) and the other is *benign familial neonatal seizures* (BFNS). Both syndromes usually happen in infants in the neonatal period, which is the first 28 days after birth. In most cases, the first seizure happens within the first few days after birth.

However, some infants may have their first seizure later in the neonatal period, or even months after the neonatal period. The last seizure usually happens while the infant is still in the neonatal period, but seizures may continue after this time. A third syndrome called *benign familial neonatal-infantile syndrome* (BFNIS). It may cause the first seizure between the second day upwards to 6 months after birth, and usually stops within the first 12 months.

These syndromes are called "*benign*" because they usually cause no long-term harm to the infant, but there is a greater chance of getting seizures later in life. In benign idiopathic neonatal seizures the cause is not known (this is what the word "*idiopathic*" means). In benign familial neonatal seizures and benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures, there is a *genetic mutation,* which means a change in the genes that an infant gets from their parents. These disorders are inherited (they "run in the family"). This is what the word *"familial"* means.

. Issues with these electrical charges may cause a seizure.]]

## References
Raphaël Varane

**Raphaël Xavier Varane** (; born 25 April 1993) is a French former professional footballer. He played as a centre-back.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:*France score listed first, score column indicates score after each Varane goal*
*La Liga: 2011–12, 2016–17, 2019–20
*Copa del Rey: 2013–14
*Supercopa de España: 2012, 2017, 2019–20
*UEFA Champions League: 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18
*UEFA Super Cup: 2014, 2016, 2017
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018

**Manchester United**
*EFL Cup: 2022–23
*FA Cup: runner-up: 2022–23

**France**
*FIFA World Cup: 2018; runner-up: 2022
*UEFA Nations League: 2020–21

**Individual**
*FIFA FIFPro World11: 2018
*UEFA Team of the Year: 2018
*UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2017–18
*FIFA World Cup Fantasy Team: 2018
*FIFA World Cup Dream Team: 2018
*IFFHS Men's World Team: 2018

**Orders**
*Knight of the Legion of Honour: 2018

## References
## Other websites
*
Wes Anderson

**Wesley Wales Anderson** (born May 1, 1969) is an American director, producer and screenwriter.

In 2015, Anderson designed the Prada Cafè Bar Luce of Milano for the Italian luxury company Prada, as it was a 50s years film to recall the iconic design of Milan's design palaces of that era.

He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for *The Royal Tenenbaums* in 2001 and *Moonrise Kingdom* in 2012, and for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature for *Fantastic Mr. Fox* in 2009.

Wes Anderson's filmmaking style is marked by symmetrical composition, distinct color palettes, quirky characters, detailed set design, unique narrative structure, exploration of themes, nostalgia, dry humor, distinct typography, and original scores.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Kaiser Kalambo

**Kaiser Kalambo** (6 July 1953 &ndash; 18 March 2014) was a Zambian association football player and coach. He represented Zambia in three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments. He was named Zambian captain in 1980. The same year in which he was voted Zambian footballer of the year. Later, he coached several club sides in Zambia and Botswana. He was born in Luanshya, Copperbelt.

Kalambo died from prostate cancer on the morning of 18 March 2014 at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. He was 60 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Kaiser Kalambo  at Sports Reference
Amasya

**Amasya** is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Amasya Province and is in the mountains near the Black Sea coast. In 2013, 134,434 people lived there.

## Other websites 
* Provincial governorate official website
* Municipality official website 
* GCatholic with titular incumbent bio links
Yashwant Vithoba Chittal

**Yashwant Vithoba Chittal** (3 August 1928 &ndash; 23 March 2014) was a leading Indian fiction writer. His work was mostly in Kannada language. He won four Sahitya Akademi Awards, one Dr. Masti Award, and one Adikavi Pampa Award. He was born in Bankikodla-Hanehalli, Uttara Kannada.

Chittal died after a brief illness on 23 March 2014 at a private hospital in Mumbai. He was 85 years old. He was outlived by his wife and two sons.

## References
## Other websites
* Yashwant Vithoba Chittal at the Library of Congress website
Patrice Wymore

**Patrice** "**Pat**" **Wymore** (December 17, 1926 &ndash; March 22, 2014) was an American actress and singer. She was best known as a movie, television, and stage actress during the 1950s and 1960s. She was born in Miltonvale, Kansas. She was married to Australian actor, Errol Flynn, from 1950 until his death in 1959.

Wymore died from lung disease on March 22, 2014 in Portland, Jamaica. She was 87 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Palace of the Parliament

The **Palace of the Parliament** - also known as the '''Republic's House'* (*Casa Republicii*) or *'People's House'* (*Casa Poporului'') is a large building in Bucharest, Romania. It was built by the then-dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu in the 1980s. Today the Romanian Parliament meets in the building. Many Parliament members have offices inside. The building faces an avenue built to look like the Champs-Élysées in Paris.
Mark Kozelek

**Mark Kozelek** (born January 24, 1967) is an American singer. 

## Career
In 1989 he started the rock band Red House Painters. In 1992 the band were signed to 4AD. In 2000 Kozelek released his first solo EP ''Rock 'n' Roll Singer*. *Pitchfork'' gave it a score of 6.1 out of 10. In 2001 Red House Painters broke up. In 2002 Kozelek started Sun Kil Moon.

## References
Eleftherios Venizelos

**Eleftherios Venizelos** (full name *Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos*, ; 23 August 1864 &ndash; 18 March 1936) was a Greek politician. He was the Prime Minister of Greece from 1910 to 1920 and again from 1928 to 1932.

## References
## Other websites
James Rebhorn

**James Robert Rebhorn** (September 1, 1948 &ndash; March 21, 2014) was an American character actor. He acted in more than one hundred television shows, movies, and plays. He was in the movies *Scent of a Woman* (1992) and *Independence Day* (1996) and played Frank Mathison in the television show *Homeland*. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He moved to Anderson, Indiana during his childhood.

Rebhorn died of melanoma on March 21, 2014 in South Orange, New Jersey. He was 65 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Jaroslav Šerých

**Jaroslav Šerých** (; 27 February 1928 &ndash; 23 March 2014) was a Czech artist. He mainly worked as a painter, printmaker, and illustrator. He was born in Německý Brod, Czechoslovakia (now Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic).

Šerých died on 23 March 2014 in Prague. He was 86 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Jaroslav Šerých works at the ArtBohemia website
Forbes Carlile

**Forbes Carlile** MBE (3 June 1921 &ndash; 2 August 2016) was an Australian athlete. He was Australia's first post-World War II Olympics swimming coach. He was later Australia's first competitor in the modern pentathlon at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. 

He remains the only person to have coached and later competed at the Olympic Games.

## References
Aydın

**Aydın** is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in Aydın Province in the Aegean Region. In 2013, 265,234 people lived there. The city is located at the heart of the lower valley of Büyük Menderes River (ancient Meander River) at a commanding position for the region extending from the uplands of the valley down to the seacoast. Its population was 207,554 in 2014.
 in Aydın.]]
Hill of Crosses

The **Hill of Crosses** () is a Lithuanian site of pilgrimage. It is about  north of Šiauliai, in northern Lithuania.

No one knows when or why people started leaving crosses on the hill. It is believed that the first crosses were put up after the 1831 Uprising. It was estimated that there were 55,000 crosses in 1990 and 100,000 in 2006.

On September 7, 1993, Pope John Paul II visited the site and declared it a place for hope, peace, love and sacrifice.

## References
## Other websites
*Kryžių kalnas website
Tupolev Tu-22M

The **Tupolev Tu-22M** is a twin-turbojet Soviet bomber.

## Bibliography 
* Frawley, Gerard, *The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003* .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
* Gaillard, Pierre, ''Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui'' Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .

## References
Exocrine gland

An **exocrine gland** puts out (excretes) its product by a . The duct goes to some environment outside the gland, either inside the body or onto the surface of the body. 

An endocrine gland is its counterpart. It secretes its essential product directly into the bloodstream or else by diffusion into its surrounding tissue. Its product often acts on cells near the release site.

Examples of exocrine organs and glands:
*Gall bladder
*Liver
*Pancreas
*Prostate
*Mammary glands
*Salivary glands
*Sweat glands
Canadians

**Canadians** () are people identified with the country of Canada. the connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Canadians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being *Canadian*. Most people who are considered "Canadian" are usually those who have Canadian Citizenship. 

Canada is a bilingual and multicultural society home to people of many different ethnic, religious and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants.

## Background
Following the starting period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-indigenous peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today. Elements of Indigenous, French, British, and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada and thus a Canadian identity.

Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States.

## References
## Other websites
*Persons of National Historic Significance in Canada - Parks Canada
*Multicultural Canada  - Department of Canadian Heritage
*The Canadian Immigrant Experience - Library and Archives Canada
*The Dictionary of Canadian Biography – Library and Archives Canada
*Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada – Library and Archives Canada
*Council of European Canadians
*National African Canadian Association
Dave Brockie

**David Murray** "**Dave**" **Brockie** (August 30, 1963 &ndash; March 23, 2014), better known by his stage name **Oderus Urungus**, was a Canadian and American musician. He was best known as the lead vocalist, bassist and guitarist for the American multi-genre band Gwar. He performed under such genres as thrash metal, punk rock, shock rock, heavy metal and comedy rock. He was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Brockie was found dead by a bandmate on March 23, 2014 in Richmond, Virginia, aged 50. The cause was an accidental heroin overdose. He was given a traditional Viking funeral in a public memorial before the 5th annual GWAR-B-Q event.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Hiroo Onoda

(March 19, 1922 &ndash; January 16, 2014) was an Imperial Japanese Army intelligence officer. He fought in World War II and did not surrender in 1945. After spending 29 years in the Philippines, his former commander traveled there and took him away from duty. His autobiography was, *No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War*, published in 1974. He was born in Kamekawa, Wakayama Prefecture, Empire of Japan.

Onoda died from heart failure due to complications from pneumonia on January 16, 2014 at St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. He was 91 years old.

## References
Ronald Dworkin

**Ronald Myles Dworkin**, FBA (December 11, 1931 &ndash; February 14, 2013) was an American philosopher and scholar of constitutional law. He was Frank Henry Sommer Professor of Law and Philosophy at New York University and Emeritus Professor of Jurisprudence at University College London. He also taught at Yale Law School and the University of Oxford. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island.

Dworkin died from leukemia on February 14, 2013 in London, England. He was 81 years old. He was outlived by his second wife, two children and two grandchildren.

Awards: he won the Balzan Prize (2012).

## References
## Other websites
*
Andrew Vicari

**Andrew Vicari** (20 April 1938 – 3 October 2016) was a Welsh painter working in France. He painted portraits of the rich and famous. Despite being largely unknown in his own country, in 2004 Vicari was Britain's richest living painter. At one time he was the Britain 18th richest person in Britain.

Vicari was always a figurative artist working in oil. His work was appreciated especially in the Middle East where three museums are solely dedicated to his work.

In 1974 Vicari was appointed as the official painter to the King and Government of Saudi Arabia. In the years which followed he painted many portraits of the Saudi royal family, and scenes of Riyadh and Bedouin life. It is mainly due to this patronage that Vicari owes his financial success. In 2001 he sold a collection of 125 paintings of the First Gulf War to Prince Khaled for £17 million.

His fortune was valued at £92 million in 2006 by the Sunday Times Rich List.

## Personal life
Vicari lived and worked at his studio outside Nice, France, but he also owned apartments in Riyadh and Monte Carlo.

In October 2014 it was reported Vicari had filed for bankruptcy and had been in poor health.

Vicari died at Morriston Hospital, Swansea on 3 October 2016.

## References 
## Other websites
* *I am the king of painters*, The Guardian, November 16, 2001
* Official Website
Music industry

The **music industry** is made up of people and companies who make money by creating and selling music. Some of the people and companies included are:

* Musicians who compose and perform the music
* Companies and people who create and sell recorded music
* People who present live music performances
* People who help other musicians with their music careers
* Musicians who owned their own record label
* Companies that broadcast music (satellite, internet and broadcast radio)
Abolhassan Banisadr

**Seyyad Abolhassan Banisadr** ( ; ; 22 March 1933 &ndash; 9 October 2021) was an Iranian  politician, economist and  human rights activist. He was the first President of Iran from 4 February 1980 after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and the abolition of the monarchy until his impeachment on 21 June 1981.

Banisadr died at the age of 88 at a Paris hospital on 9 October 2021.

## Further reading
**The fundamental principles and precepts of Islamic government*, Mazda Publishers, 1981
* (with Jean-Charles Deniau) *My Turn to Speak: Iran, the Revolution and Secret Deals With the U.S.*, Potomac Books (April 1991) 
* *Le Coran et le pouvoir: principes fondamentaux du Coran*, Imago, 1993

## References
## Other websites
Bedtime Stories (Madonna album)

***Bedtime Stories*** the sixth studio album by American singer Madonna. It was released on October 25, 1994. The album's music is very different to Madonna's previous albums as it is mainly new jack swing and R&B sounding compared to Madonna's usual pop and dance material. The songs on this album are mostly melancholy mixed with romantic themes.

The singles of the album were "Secret", "Take a Bow" and "Human Nature". The first song was released September 28, 1994. The last song was released June 6, 1995.
Mohammad-Ali Rajai

**Mohammad-Ali Rajai** () (15 June 1933 – 30 August 1981) was the President of Iran from 2 to 30 August 1981 after serving as prime minister under Abolhassan Banisadr.

He was also minister of foreign affairs from 11&nbsp;March 1981 to 15&nbsp;August 1981, while he was prime minister. He was assassinated in a bombing on 30&nbsp;August 1981 along with prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar.

## Other websites
Arthur Hiller

**Arthur Hiller**, OC (22 November 1923 – 17 August 2016) was a Canadian television and movie director. He is known for directing the 1970 romantic drama movie *Love Story*. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards.

Hiller was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

## References
## Other websites
*
Don Payne (writer)

**William Donald "Don" Payne** (May 5, 1964 &ndash; March 26, 2013) was an American writer and producer. He wrote several episodes of *The Simpsons* after 2000, many of these with John Frink. He met Frink at the University of California, Los Angeles. He also wrote the movies *My Super Ex-Girlfriend* (2006), *Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer* (2007), *Thor* (2011) and *Thor: The Dark World* (2013). He was born in Wilmington, North Carolina.

Payne died from bone cancer on March 26, 2013 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He was 48 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.

## Notes
## Other websites
*
Hyman Minsky

**Hyman Philip Minsky** (September 23, 1919 – October 24, 1996) was an American economist, a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Minsky gave an explanation of financial crises, caused by swings in a potentially  financial system. Minsky is sometimes described as a post-Keynesian economist because, like Keynes, he supported some government intervention in financial markets. He opposed some of the financial deregulation policies popular in the 1980s. He supported the Federal Reserve as a "lender of last resort" (which means he thought it right for the Fed to bail out banks which might go bust). He argued against too much private debt in the financial markets.

## Financial theory 
Minsky proposed theories were about the normal life cycle of an economy. He linked financial market fragility with speculative investment bubbles in financial markets. Minsky claimed that in prosperous times, when companies make plenty of money, an   develops. Soon debts exceed what borrowers can pay off from their income, which produces a financial crisis. As a result, banks and lenders tighten credit, even to companies that can afford loans. Then the economy contracts.

This slow movement of the financial system from stability to fragility, followed by crisis, is something for which Minsky is best known, and the phrase "Minsky moment" refers to it.

At the University of California, Berkeley seminars attended by Bank of America executives helped him to develop his theories. His views were published in two books, *John Maynard Keynes* (1975), a classic study of the economist and his contributions, and *Stabilizing an Unstable Economy* (1986), and more than a hundred professional articles.

## References
Doll Parts

**"Doll Parts"** is an alternative rock song by the band Hole. Courtney Love wrote the song in 1991. It became a song on their second studio album, *Live Through This*, and was released in November 1994. "Doll Parts" hit #4 on *Billboard*s Modern Rock Track chart.
Alexander Ludwig

**Alexander Ludwig** (born May 7, 1992 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian actor, voice actor, singer and model.

He is known for his roles as Will Stanton in the 2007 fantasy movie, *The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising*, Seth in Disney's *Race to Witch Mountain*, and Cato, the male tribute from District Two, in *The Hunger Games*.

He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. His mother, Sharlene (née Martin), is a former actress, and his father, Harald Horst Ludwig, is a businessman and the Co-Chairman of the Board for Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. He won an MTV Movie Award in 2012 for *Best Fight* with Jennifer Lawrence and Josh Hutcherson. He also won a Teen Choice Awards for *Best Villain*.

## Filmography
### Movies
**Air Bud World Pup* - Cameo (2000) (Uncredited)
**MXP: Most Xtreme Primate* - Child (2004) (Uncredited)
**Scary Godmother: The Revenge of Jimmy* - Jimmy (2005) (voice)
**Eve and the Fire Horse* - Kevin (2005) (Uncredited)
**A Little Thing Called Murder* - Young Kenny Kimes (2006)
**The Sandlot: Heading Home* - E.J. (2007) (Direct-to-DVD)
**The Seeker* - Will Stanton / Tom Stanton (2007)
**National Treasure* (2007) (Uncredited)
**Race to Witch Mountain* - Seth (2009)
**The Hunger Games* - Cato (2012)
**Grown Ups 2* - Braden Higgins (2013)
**Lone Survivor* - US Navy SEAL Shane Patton (2013)
**Final Girl* (2014)
**When the Game Stands Tall* - Chris Ryan (2014)
**Final Girl* - Jameson (2015)
**The Final Girls* - Chris Briggs (2015)
**Blackway* - Nate (2015)
**Midway* - Lieutenant Roy Pearce (2019)
**Recon* - Marson (2019)
**Bad Boys for Life* - Dorn (2020)
**Operation Christmas Drop* - Captain Andrew Jantz (2020)
**Night Teeth* - Rocko (2021)
**Heart of Champions* - Alex Singleton (2021)
**National Champions* - Emmett Sunday (2021)
*''Guy Ritchie's The Covenant'' - Sgt. Declan O'Brady (2023)
**Bad Boys: Ride or Die* - Dorn (2024)

### Television
**Vikings* - Björn Ironside (2014–2020)
**Swerve* - Dr. Delucchi (2017)
**Heels* - Ace Spade (2021–2023)

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*
Bucket-wheel excavator

, Germany]]
 surface mine. Note the tiny bulldozer in the foreground (highest magnification)]]

**Bucket-wheel excavators (BWEs)** are huge machines used for surface mining.  

They are continuous digging machines in large-scale open cast mining operations. What sets BWEs apart from other large-scale mining equipment is their large wheel with a continuous pattern of buckets to scoop material as the wheel turns. 

They are among the largest vehicles ever constructed. The biggest bucket-wheel excavator ever built, Bagger 293, is the largest terrestrial (land) vehicle in human history.

BWEs built since the 1990s, such as the Bagger 293, have reached sizes as large as 96 metres (314.9 feet) tall, 225 metres (738.2 feet) long, and as heavy as 14,200 metric tons (31.3 million lb). The bucket-wheel itself can be over 70 feet in diameter with as many as 20 buckets, each of which can hold over 15 cubic metres of material. BWEs  are now capable of operating in extreme climates. Many BWEs have been designed to operate in climates with temperatures as low as -45°C (-49°F). 

## References
Harry Lewis (actor)

**Harry L. Lewis** (April 1, 1920 &ndash; June 9, 2013) was an American actor and restaurateur. He was best known for his role in *Key Largo*. He was also the co-founder of the "Hamburger Hamlet" restaurant chain. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Lewis died from natural causes on June 9, 2013 in Beverly Hills, California. He was 93 years old. He was outlived by his wife, Marilyn Friedman.

## References
## Other websites
*
Unter uns

***Unter uns*** is a German soap opera. It has been on television since 1994. It is on from Monday to Friday.

The series is about the people who live in the fictitious Schillerallee 10 in Cologne.

## Characters
### Main roles
### Former main roles
Naruhito

is the current emperor of Japan. 

Naruhito is the eldest son of former emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko of Japan. He was originally known as *His Imperial Highness* The Prince Hiro but was later given the title of Crown Prince in 1991.

His father Emperor Akihito announced in December 2017 that he would abdicate on 30 April 2019. Naruhito became emperor on 1 May 2019 and the enthronement was held on 22 October 2019.

## Early life and careers 
Naruhito was born on 23 February 1960 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital, Imperial Palace in Tokyo,   

He was crowned prince of Japan in 1991, He was first study in Gakushūin, He was graduated at Gakushuin University in 1982, He was studying in The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford in 1983 to 1985  

Naruhito and Masako were engaged in the spring of 1993, and married on 9 June 1993 at Imperial Shinto Hall in Tokyo, 

Naruhito and Masako's only child Aiko, Princess Toshi was born in 1 December 2001 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace.

## Titles and styles
* **23 February 1960 – 23 February 1991**: *His Imperial Highness* The Prince Hiro
* **23 February 1991 – 30 April 2019**: *His Imperial Highness* The Crown Prince of Japan
* **1 May 2019 – present**: *His Majesty* The Emperor of Japan

## References
Nanda (actress)

**Nanda** (8 January 1939 &ndash; 25 March 2014) was an Indian actress. She appeared in Hindi and Marathi movies. Her best known roles were in *Chhoti Bahen* (1959), *Teen Devian* (1965) and *Gumnaam* (1965). She retired in 1995. She was born in Kolhapur, British India.

Nanda died from a heart attack on 25 March 2014 at her home in Mumbai, India. She was 75 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Motor system

The **motor system** is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with . It consists of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system.
* The pyramidal motor system, (or pyramidal tract or corticospinal tract) starts in the motor center of the cerebral cortex and goes through the midbrain and medulla oblongata, then down the spinal cord. Peripheral motor nerves carry the motor impulses to the voluntary muscles.
* The extrapyramidal motor system consists of motor-modulation systems, particularly the basal ganglia and cerebellum. This tweaks the messages so that fine, accurate movement is possible. That function is called "modulation of movement".

Both systems are very ancient and may be common to all vertebrates.

## References
Grumman A-6 Intruder

The **Grumman A-6 Intruder** is an attack aircraft built in the USA. It's a twin-turbojet aircraft, built in all-metal. It was used for the Vietnam War and the Gulf War by US Navy. Before September 1962, it was called **Grumman A2F Intruder**. 

Grumman EA-6B Prowler is a specialized variant.

## Bibliography 
* Frawley, Gerard, *The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003* .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
* Gaillard, Pierre, ''Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui'' Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .

## References
Ford Trimotor

The **Ford Trimotor** is a family of civilian aircraft built in USA. It was used as airliner from 1926 to the beginning of the World War II. It has 3 motors. It was built in all-metal.

## Similar aircraft 
* Junkers Ju 52
Somero

**Somero** is a city in Southwest Finland, Finland. Almost 10,000 people lived there in January 2014. 

## Other websites
* Homepage
Spandrel

A **spandrel** is the space between two arches. They are roughly triangular". Spandrels are horizontal on the side of the ceiling, veritical on the wall/another spandrel, and diagonal on the arch, with a small curve. (This architectural obstacle is dealt with secant lines and tangent lines). Spandrels are, in medieval architecture and mostly in cathedrals, mostly covered, or walled. Spandrels can also be formed by supporting vertical bars, as in bridges. 

## Apartments/ Buildings 
When structures have more than one floor, spandrels can also mean the space between the bottom of the window in an upper floor and the upper part of the window in the floor below. 

Spandrels have different meanings in architecture, art history, eras, and especially structure types. 

## Bridges 
Arches commonly exist in bridge constructions, so spandrels may appear in structures such as these. In historical terms, most arch expansions had solid spandrels, meaning that the areas between arches were completely filled in with masonry. This part was sometimes decorated or carved. This style was popular and well-found until the use of steel and reinforced concrete began in the 19th and 20th centuries, the time of the Industrial Revolution. 

## Domes 
Structures of domes can also contain spandrels. When domes need to rest on a square or a rectangular base, the dome is raised above the level of the supporting pillars with three-dimensional spandrels called pendentives needs link. The spandrels are three dimentional, because domes are more spherical than arches. These triangular pieces take the weight of the dome and place it onto the poles.
## References
## Other websites
*
Rodney Wilkes

**Rodney Adolphus Wilkes** (11 March 1925 – 24 March 2014) was a weightlifter from Trinidad and Tobago. He was nicknamed "The Mighty Midget" for his great strength and height. He won a silver medal for weightlifting during the 1948 London. He then won the bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He competed in the 1956 Summer OLympics.

## References
Paulo Schroeber

**Paulo Schroeber** (18 August 1973 &ndash; 24 March 2014) was a Brazilian metal guitarist. He was best known for his work with Almah. He was also a member of Astafix, Hammer 67, Burning in Hell and Fear Ritual by the time of his death. He was born in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul.

Schroeber died from heart failure following complications to reset an artificial pacemaker on March 24, 2014 in his hometown of Caxias do Sul. He was 40 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ben Staartjes

**Bernard "Ben" Staartjes** (9 December 1928 - 18 March 2014) was a Dutch sailor. He represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel, Germany. In 1980, Staartjes was Chef de Equipe of the Dutch Olympic Sailing Team at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Tallinn. He was born in Amsterdam.

Staartjes was born in Amsterdam. He died in Kapellen, Belgium, aged 85.

## References
Mercy Edirisinghe

**Donna Mercy Nalini Edirisinghe** (18 December 1945 – 17 March 2014), better known as **Mercy Edirisinghe**, was a popular Sri Lankan stage actress and singer. Her most famous play was a musical by Lushan Bulathsinhala, called Tharavo Igilethi (Ducks fly). He career has lasted for nearly 60 years. She was born in Ambepussa, Sri Lanka.

Edirisinghe died in Gampaha, Sri Lanka.

## References
7 Year Bitch

**7 Year Bitch** was an American punk rock band from Seattle, Washington.

## History
In 1990 the band was started by Selene Vigil, Stefanie Sargent, Elizabeth Davis and Valerie Agnew as '''Barbie's Dream Car'''. After releasing their first single they were signed with C/Z Records. In 1992 the band's first album ''Sick 'Em* was released by C/Z Records. In 1994 *¡Viva Zapata!'' was released. In 1996 the band's last album *Gato Negro* was released by Atlantic Records.

## References
Brazilians

**Brazilians** are a ethnic group and nation native to Brazil. Many Brazilians are mixed race of Portuguese, African and indigenous ancestry. Minorities in Brazil include Afro-Brazilians (50.7 percent: 43.1 pardo or mixed ethnicity, and 7.6 per cent preta or black) and Asian Brazilians 1.1 per cent (including Japanese, Chinese and Korean). The Indigenous people live in every state of Brazil and represent 305 different tribes and 274 indigenous languages.

## References
Peter Oakley

**Peter Oakley** (20 August 1927 – 23 March 2014) was a British internet blogger. He was better known by his pseudonym **geriatric1927** on the popular video sharing website YouTube.

## Early life
Oakley was born in Norwich, Norfolk, England.

## YouTube status
By mid-2006, Oakley was the most subscribed user on YouTube. His rise to the #1 position took place in just over a week. Oakley had 30,000 subscribers as of 25 November 2006 and over 53,000 subscribers as of 24 May 2010. 

He ranks as the 52nd most subscribed all time in the United Kingdom, and is the 19th most subscribed "Director" of all time in the United Kingdom. 

As of June 2012, Oakley has over 350 videos on YouTube under his channel geriatric1927. 

## Death
Oakley was later diagnosed with cancer which was too far advanced for treatment and he was not expected to live. He posted his final video on February 12, 2014. He died in Bakewell, Derbyshire, England, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*The Official Geriatric1927 Website 
*Geriatric1927 on YouTube
Ralph Wilson

**Ralph C. Wilson, Jr.** (October 17, 1918 - March 25, 2014) was the founder and the owner of NFL's Buffalo Bills. The Ralph Wilson Stadium is named after him.

Wilson was born in Columbus, Ohio. He was raised in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Wilson studied at the University of Virginia and at the University of Michigan Law School.

He was one of the founding owners of the American Football League, the league that the NFL merged with in 1970, and was the last of the original AFL owners. At the time of his death he was the oldest owner in the National Football League, at age 95. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame on August 8, 2009.

Wilson died in Grosse Pointe, Michigan from natural causes, aged 95.

## References
Ramzan Kadyrov

**Ramzan Kadyrov** (, ; born 5 October 1976) is a Chechen politician. He became the Head of the Chechen Republic in February 2007. He is a former Chechen rebel.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site of the Republic of Chechnya
Lil B

**Brandon Christopher McCartney** (born August 17, 1989), known by his stage name **Lil B**, is an American rapper. Lil B is also known as **The BasedGod**.

## Selected discography
* Rain in England (2010)
* Angels Exodus (2011)
* I'm Gay (I'm Happy) (2011)
* Choices and Flowers (2012)
* Hoop Life (2014)
* Black Ken (2017)

## Other websites
* Twitter

## References
Hubert de Givenchy

**Count Hubert James Marcel Taffin de Givenchy** (21 February 1927 &ndash; 10 March 2018) was a French fashion designer. He founded The House of Givenchy in 1952.

He was famous for having designed much of the personal and professional wardrobe of Audrey Hepburn, as well as clothing for clients such as Jacqueline Kennedy. He was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1970.

De Givenchy died in his sleep at the Renaissance chateau near Paris on 10 March 2018, aged 91.

## References
Kulbhushan Kharbanda

**Kulbhushan Kharbanda** (born 21 October 1944) is an Indian actor. He worked in Hindi and Punjabi movie. He is better known for his role as Shakaal in *Shaan* (1980)  inspired by the character of Blofeld from James Bond movies. 

He also starred in *Arth* (1982), *Ek Chadar Maili Si* (1986). He also appeared in all Deepa Mehta's Elements trilogy, *Fire* (1996), *Earth* (1998), and *Water* (2005).

Kharbanda was born in Hasan Abdal, Punjab, British India (now Pakistan).

## References
## Other websites
Meninges

The **meninges** are the membranes that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord.  In mammals, the meninges have three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.

In the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater (called the "subarachnoid space"), there is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).  CSF is a special fluid which bathes the brain and spinal cord.  The meninges and the CSF work together to cushion and protect the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). The pia mater is made of cells that fluid cannot get through.  This prevents cerebrospinal fluid from reaching the brain.

The smallest type of blood vessels, called capillaries, go through the pia mater and bring the brain the things it needs, like blood and oxygen. The pia's capillaries also make up an important part of the blood-brain barrier.

The pia's capillaries are lined with cells that are packed very closely together.

One of the arachnoid layer's most important jobs is to cushion the brain.  Like the pia mater, the arachnoid mater is made of cells that fluid cannot get through.  Because fluid cannot get through either of these layers, the cerebrospinal fluid stays in the subarachnoid space and does not leak out.  Having this layer of fluid helps protect the brain, like a car's airbag.  Without this cushion, every time a person moved their head, their brain would hit the inside of the skull and would get hurt.

The dura mater has the largest blood vessels of all three layers of the meninges.  The veins in the dura carry blood from the brain to the heart after the brain has used up the oxygen in the blood.  The arteries in the dura carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart.  These arteries split into the capillaries in the pia mater.  This means that when a person does get a brain infection, the body usually cannot fight off the infection on its own, and most of the medications that doctors use to kill infections cannot get into the brain to kill the pathogens inside.

However, some viruses, bacteria, and other germs are able to get through the blood-brain barrier and cause infections.  Examples of these infections include:
* Meningitis
* The polio virus
* West Nile virus
* Lyme disease
* Syphilis
* African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness)

## Related pages
* Blood-brain barrier
* Brain

## References
Salim Khan

**Salim Khan** (born 24 November 1935) is an Indian actor and screenwriter. He starred mostly in Hindi movies. Khan is known for his role in *Teesri Manzil* (1966). He is married to veteran Indian actress Helen. He is the father of actor Salman Khan.

Khan was born in Indore, Central Provinces and Berar, India.

## References
## Other websites
*
Al Rosen

**Albert Leonard "Al" Rosen** (February 29, 1924  – March 13, 2015), nicknamed "Flip" and "The Hebrew Hammer" (he was of Jewish descent), was an American professional baseball player. He was a third baseman and right-handed slugger in the Major Leagues for ten seasons in the 1940s and 1950s.

Rosen played for the Cleveland Indians throughout his entire baseball career. He began playing for them in 1947. He retired in 1956.

Rosen was born on February 29, 1924 in Spartanburg, South Carolina. He was raised in Miami, Florida. Rosen died on March 13, 2015 in Rancho Mirage, California, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
Sadhana Shivdasani

**Sadhana Shivdasani** (2 September 1941 &ndash; 25 December 2015), better known as **Sadhana**, was an Indian actress. She was known for her roles in  *Woh Kaun Thi?* (1964), *Mera Saaya* (1966) and *Anita* (1967). 

Shivdasani was born in Karachi, Sindh, British India (now Pakistan). She died in Mumbai from cancer at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
Teuvo Teräväinen

**Teuvo Henri Matias Teräväinen** (born September 11, 1994) is a Finnish ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career
He was selected in the first round of the 2011 KHL Junior Draft by the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl.

He made his SM-Liiga debut with Jokerit on October 18, 2011. He played 40 games and ended up winning the Jarmo Wasama memorial trophy as the best rookie in the league. He decided to enter the 2012 NHL Entry Draft and he was ranked as the second best skater out of Europe by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau. He ended up being drafted 18th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks.

During his second season with Jokerit, he played 44 games and scored 31 points. He signed a three-year contract with the Blackhawks in the following August. After he signed the contract, he participated in the Blackhawks' training camp but he returned to Jokerit for the 2013-14 season.

When Ilari Filppula moved to the KHL, Teräväinen was put in as the first line centerman for Jokerit. He, however, started the season pretty slowly, and only scored two points in the first nine games. He was able to eventually pick up his game, and after a successful tournament at the World Junior Championships, he went on to a 13 game point streak, where he scored five goals and 18 assists. He ended the season with 44 points in 49 games.

When Jokerit was eliminated from the 2014 playoffs, it was announced that he would go to Chicago to join Blackhawks for the rest of the 2013–14 season. He made his NHL debut on March 25, 2014 in a 4-2 win against the Dallas Stars.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Donald Crothers

**Donald Morris "Don" Crothers** (January 28, 1937 &ndash; March 16, 2014) was an American academic. He also a professor of chemistry at Yale University. He was best known for his work on nucleic acid structure and function. He was born in Fatehgarh, British India (now India).

Crothers died from cancer on March 16, 2014 at the Smilow Cancer Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut. He was 77 years old. He was outlived by his wife and two daughters.

## References
## Other websites
* Donald Crothers  at the Yale Department of Chemistry
Shammi Kapoor

**Shammi Kapoor** (born **Shamsher Raj Kapoor**; 21 October 1930 – 14 August 2011) was an Indian movie actor and director. He was a famous lead actor in Hindi cinema from the late 1950s until the early 1970s. He was known as "India's Elvis Presley". 

He received the Filmfare Best Actor Award in 1968 for his role in *Brahmachari* and Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for *Vidhaata* in 1982.

Kapoor died from chronic kidney failure in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, aged 79.

## References
## Other websites
Jakob Arjouni

**Jakob Bothe** (born **Jakob Michelsen**; 8 October 1964 &ndash; 17 January 2013), better known as **Jakob Arjouni**, was a German writer. He received the 1992 German Crime Fiction Prize for *One Man, One Murder*. He was born in Frankfurt, Hesse, West Germany.

Arjouni died from pancreatic cancer on 17 January 2013 in Berlin, Germany. He was 48 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tanuja

**Tanuja Mukherjee**, popularly known as **Tanuja**, (born 23 Spetember 1943) is an Indian movie actress. She is the mother of Kajol and Tanisha. She is known for her roles in *Baharen Phir Bhi Aayengi* (1966), *Jewel Thief*, *Haathi Mere Saathi* (1971), and *Anubhav* (1971).

Tanuja was born in Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India.

## Other websites
*