open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nordertor

, in winter]]
The **Nordertor** (Danish: *Nørreport*) is an old town gate of the city of Flensburg. The gate was built around 1595. Today, the little landmark is in use as a symbol for the German town Flensburg.

## History 
In 1345 the town of Flensburg began to build its town wall. A gate was built on the north side of the town. It was called *Norder Porte*. It was replaced by a building in the 16th century called the Nordertor. This marked the northern boundary of the town. It was a checkpoint that was closed in the night.

On the north side of the gate are two plaques. The left one shows the royal coat of arms of King Christian IV, 1577-1648 and the Latin words: „Regna Firmat Pietas“ — Piety strengthens the Realms. The right one shows the coat of arms of Flensburg with the German words: „Friede ernährt, Unfrieden verzehrt“ — Peace nurtures, strife devours.

After 1796 the town grew beyond the town wall. There had been a ban on building outside the wall before then. The Neustadt (*Newtown*), in the neighborhood of the Nordertor was built. In 1913 and 1914 it was restored by the architect Paul Ziegler. The Nordertor got a clock. In 1966 the Deutsche Bundespost made a stamp with a picture of the gate on it. It was a 30 Pfennig stamp, used to send letters within Germany. The Nordertor stamps were sold over 3 billion times. In the 1990s the gate was again restored and the clock was removed. In 2004 the gate was licensed as a venue for civil weddings, so that the weddings could be performed since then directly above the archway of the gate.

Blick vom ehemaligen Standort Norderporten in die Richtung zum Nordertor.JPG|Look from the original place of the *Norder Porte* to the Nordertor today
Wappen auf dem Nordertor.JPG|The Coats of arms and the wise words
File:Nordertor (1972).jpg|The Nordertor 1972
Flensburg-staedtische-strassenbahn-tw-35-725647.jpg|Flensburgs street railway in front of the Nordertor in 1972

## References
1944 United States presidential election

The **1944 United States presidential election** was the 40th election in the history of the United States. It happened on November 7, 1944. Incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) won over Republican Thomas E. Dewey in the general election. In the Electoral College, Roosevelt won 432 votes while Dewey won 99. Roosevelt, a Democrat, won an unprecedented fourth term as president.

The election was held during the latter part of World War II. By this time the war was going well for the United States and its Allies. Roosevelt had already served longer than any other president, but remained popular. Unlike in 1940, there was little doubt that he would run for another term as the Democratic candidate, as his health was failing. Dewey, the Governor of New York, campaigned against the New Deal and for a smaller government. But he could not convince the country to change course. Roosevelt's aides covered up the fact the president was in poor health. Roosevelt would die in office three months after starting his fourth term. He added that "Fala was furious" at such rumors. The speech was met with loud laughter and applause. In response, Dewey gave a blistering partisan speech in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, a few days later on national radio. He accused Roosevelt of being "indispensable" to corrupt big-city Democratic organizations and American Communists. Dewey also referred to members of Roosevelt's cabinet as a "motley crew". However, the allies had several battlefield successes in Europe and the Pacific during the campaign. These included the liberation of Paris in August 1944 and the successful Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines in October 1944. These were Roosevelt's greatest assets in his campaign. They won a total of 432 Electorial votes (81.4%) It was the last time Democrats carried every state in the southern United States. The election had at least one other long-reaching effect. It led to the 1951 passing of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution. It s anyone from serving more than two terms as president of the United States.

## References 
## Other websites
Calendula officinalis

***Calendula officinalis*** (pot marigold, ruddles, common marigold, garden marigold), is a plant in the genus *Calendula* of the family Asteraceae. It is probably native to Southern Europe. It was the state flower of Junagadh and Bantva-Manavadar State, now part of Gujarat.

## Uses 
Pot marigold florets are edible. They are often used to add colour to salads or added to dishes as a garnish instead of saffron.
The leaves are edible but are often not palatable.  They have been used as a herb and in salads.

The flowers were used in Ancient Greek, Roman, Middle Eastern, and Indian cultures as a medicinal herb and a dye for fabrics, foods, and cosmetics.  They are also used to make oil that protects the skin.

## References
Indian roller

The **Indian roller** *(Coracias benghalensis)*, is a member of the roller family of birds. They are found widely across tropical Asia stretching from Iraq eastward across the Indian subcontinent to Indochina and are best known for the aerobatic displays of the male during the breeding season. They are very commonly seen perched along roadside trees and wires and are commonly seen in open grassland and scrub forest habitats. It is not migratory, but undertakes some seasonal movements.
Norbert Gastell

**Norbert Gastell** (14 October 1929 &ndash; 26 November 2015) was an Argentine-born German voice actor who mostly dubbed American television shows into the German language. He was known for dubbing Homer Simpson. Gastell was born in Buenos Aires.

Gastell died in Munich, Germany from complications following a stroke, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Norbert Gastell  at the Deutsche Synchronkartei
Philippe Washer

**Philippe Washer** (; 6 August 1924 – 27 November 2015) was a Belgian tennis player. He competed in the Davis Cup a number of times, from 1946 to 1961. He was born in Brussels, Belgium. Washer retired from tennis in 1961.

Washer died on 27 November 2015 in Knokke, West Flanders, Belgium from heart failure at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
Olene S. Walker

**Olene Smith Walker** (November 15, 1930 &ndash; November 28, 2015) was an American politician. She served as the 15th Governor of Utah. She was sworn into office on November 5, 2003, shortly before her 73rd birthday. She became Utah's first female governor. She was a member of the Republican Party.

Walker died from a stroke on November 28, 2015 at her home in Salt Lake City, Utah, aged 85.

Olene walker was born in Ogden in the year of 1930. In the year of 1953 she had graduated from Brigham Young University. Then in the year of 1954 she had graduated from Stanford University with a degree in politics. Then in 2003- 2005 she became Utah's first female governor. When Olene Walker sets a goal she will accomplish. She has set an agenda for herself to complete goals and in fourteen months she complete more goals as governor than most people have in one and a half years. Olene walker has always wanted to make a difference in Utah. She help children develop literacy skills while they were in foster care. Olene walker had her dreams at a young age and when she was a young girl she said she wanted to be a president she never got to that dream but, she said that being a governor did her good.

Olene walkers catch phrase was "You can do anything that you put your heart to.".

## References
Luc Bondy

**Luc Bondy** (17 July 194828 November 2015) was a Swiss theatre and movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Zurich, Switzerland. He was the director of the most recent version of *Tosca*, by Puccini, at the Metropolitan Opera in New York.

Bondy died in Zurich at the age of 67. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Gerry Byrne (footballer, born 1938)

**Gerald** "**Gerry**" **Byrne** (29 August 1938 – 28 November 2015) was an English footballer. He spent his entire playing career at Liverpool Football Club, playing from 1953 to 1969. He later played for the England national football team from 1963 to 1966. He was born in Liverpool, England.

Byrne died in at a nursing home in Wrexham, Wales from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 77.

## References
Nymphaea nouchali

, Andhra Pradesh]]

***Nymphaea nouchali***, (or red and blue water-lily, blue star water-lily, or star lotus) is an aquatic flowering plant in the Nymphaeaceae (water-lily family). It is native to southern and eastern Asia.

*N. nouchali* grows from rhizomes or tubers rooted under the water. Leaves are oval to round, 13–15 cm (5–6 in), with an open sinus at the leaf base where it attaches to the petiole (leaf stem). Leaves may spread 1.4–1.5 m (4–5 feet) from where the rhizome is rooted. Flowers, which have little fragrance, are star-shaped with 4 sepals and 10–16 petals, and are 5–13 cm (2–5 in) in diameter. Although leaves float on the water surface, flowers are generally held 30 cm (12 in) above water. They are usually pale blue (but can be pink or white) with pale yellow stamens and anthers. 

*N. nouchali* has been cultivated in southeast Asia for centuries, especially around temples. It is also cultivated in Sri Lanka and gathered from dried ponds in the Republic of India for the rhizomes, which are used as food and animal fodder as a source of starch. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is used to treat indigestion.

Cultivars include N. stellata var. cyanea, which has medium-sized pale to deep blue flowers, and N. stellata var. versicolor, which is commonly exported in the form of tubers from Sri Lanka to Europe and the U.S. for use in the aquariums; the tubers grow quickly after exposure to warm water, making an “instant” aquarium plant.

## Symbolism
*N. stellata* was the state flower of Hyderabad Deccan. A pale blue-flowered *N. stellatai* is the National flower of Sri Lanka, where it is known as *nil mānel* or *nil mahanel* (Singhalese:නිල් මානෙල්).

## References
David Canary

**David Hoyt Canary** (August 25, 1938 – November 16, 2015) was an American movie and television actor. He was best known for his roles as Adam and Stuart Chandler in *All My Children* and as Candy Canady in *Bonanza*. He was born in Elwood, Indiana.

Canary died from complications of Alzheimer's disease in Wilton, Connecticut at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ted Schwinden

**Theodore "Ted" Schwinden** (August 31, 1925 – October 7, 2023) was an American politician. He served as the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Montana serving from 1977 through 1981. He later served as the 19th Governor of Montana serving from 1981 through 1989. On October 7, 2023, he died in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 98.

## References
George Nigh

**George Patterson Nigh** (June 9, 1927 &ndash; July 30, 2025) was an American politician. He served as the 17th and 22nd Governor of Oklahoma serving from January 6, 1963 through January 14, 1963 and then again from January 3, 1979 through January 12, 1987. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in McAlester, Oklahoma.

Nigh died on July 30, 2025 at his home in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at the age of 98.

## References
## Other websites
*Voices of Oklahoma interview with George Nigh. First person interview conducted on May 1, 2009 with George Nigh. Original audio and transcript archived with Voices of Oklahoma oral history project.
Phil Batt

**Philip Eugene Batt** (March 4, 1927 – March 4, 2023) was an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was the 29th Governor of Idaho serving from 1995 to 1999. Between 1979 until 1983, Batt was the Lieutenant Governor of Idaho. He was born in Wilder, Idaho
Jacque Batt died on September 7, 2014, after 66 years of marriage. In 2015, at the age of 88, Batt married Francee Riley of Boise.

Batt died on March 4, 2023, the morning of his 96th birthday in Boise, Idaho.
## References
## Other websites
* Idaho Public Television: Phil Batt 
* The Almanac of American Politics: Phil Batt 
* National Governors Association
Albert Brewer

**Albert Preston Brewer** (October 26, 1928 &ndash; January 2, 2017) was an American politician. He was the 47th Governor of Alabama serving from May 7, 1968, until January 18, 1971. He was a member of the Democratic Party. 

Brewer was born in Bethel Springs, Tennessee. He studied at the University of Alabama. He was married to Martha Farmer from 1950 until her death in 2006. Brewer died on January 2, 2017 in a hospital in Birmingham, Alabama, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
* Albert Brewer's biography from Cumberland School of Law website
Robert D. Fulton

**Robert David Fulton** (born May 13, 1929) is an American politician. He briefly served as the 37th Governor of Iowa during the first 16 days of 1969. He also served as the 38th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1965 to 1969. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Fulton was born in Waterloo, Iowa.

## References
Stan Stephens

**Stanley Graham Stephens** (September 16, 1929 &ndash; April 3, 2021) was an American politician and broadcaster. He served as the 20th Governor of Montana from 1989 until 1993. He was born in Calgary, Alberta. Stephens is a member of the Republican Party.

Stephens died on April 3, 2021 in Kalispell, Montana at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*Montana Broadcasters Association 
*National Governors Association 
*Montana Historical Society 
*The Political Graveyard
Murphy J. Foster Jr.

**Murphy James Foster, Jr.**, known as **Mike Foster** (July 11, 1930 &ndash; October 4, 2020) was an American politician. He served as the 53rd Governor of Louisiana. He served from January 1996 until January 2004. Foster is a businessman, landowner, and sportsman in St. Mary Parish.

Foster died in Franklin, Louisiana on October 4, 2020 at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*State of Louisiana – Biography 
*DuBos, Clancy.  “Foster on Fire.”  *Gambit Weekly*.  October 3, 1995.
*Kurtz, David.  “Mike’s Millions:  He may be a working man, but Mike Foster certainly doesn’t have to.”  *New Orleans Magazine*, May 1996.
*Reeves, Miriam.  *The Governors of Louisiana*.  Gretna: Pelican Publishing, 1998.
*Warner, Chris.  “Mike Foster’s Legacy: What Will it Be?” *State Business Louisiana*. Winter 2002.
*Governor Murphy J. "Mike" Foster, Jr.
Robert D. Ray

**Robert Dolph Ray** (September 26, 1928 &ndash; July 8, 2018) was an American politician. He served as the 38th Governor of Iowa serving from January 16, 1969 to January 14, 1983. He was a member of the Republican Party. Ray was born in Des Moines, Iowa.

Ray served as acting Mayor of Des Moines in 1997 and also served as President of Drake University in 1998.

Ray died in Des Moines on July 8, 2018 from Parkinson's disease, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Robert D. Ray Collection - personal papers and official documents 1987-1999, at Cowles Library, Drake University
Joe Marston

**James Edward "Joe" Marston** MBE (7 January 1926 &ndash; 29 November 2015) was an Australian association football player. He became the first Australian to appear in a FA Cup Final when he turned out for Preston North End in their 1954 defeat to West Bromwich Albion. He was born in Leichhardt, New South Wales, Australia.

Martson's death was announced on 29 November 2015. He was 89 years old.

## References
Maurice Strong

**Maurice F. Strong** (April 29, 1929 &ndash; November 27, 2015) was a Canadian businessman and diplomat. He represented Canada as Under-Secretary General of the United Nations.

Strong had his start as an entrepreneur in the Alberta oil patch and was President of Power Corporation of Canada until 1966. In the early 1970s he was Secretary General of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment and then became the first executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme. He returned to Canada to become Chief Executive Officer of Petro-Canada from 1976 to 1978. He was President of the Council of the University for Peace from 1998 to 2006.

Strong was born in Manitoba, Canada. He died at the age of 86 on November 27, 2015.

## References
Loretta Lynch

**Loretta Elizabeth Lynch** (born May 21, 1959) is an American attorney who served as the 83rd United States attorney general from 2015 to 2017. She was also the United States attorney for the Eastern District of New York from 1999 to 2001 and again from 2010 to 2015.

In November 2014, President Barack Obama nominated Lynch to succeed Eric Holder as Attorney General. Lynch was later confirmed by the Senate and was sworn-in, becoming the first African-American woman U.S. attorney general in U.S. history.

## References
## Other websites
*
Michael Mukasey

**Michael Bernard Mukasey**
(;
born July 28, 1941)
is an American lawyer and former judge. He served as the 81st Attorney General of the United States. Mukasey was appointed following the resignation of Alberto Gonzales. Mukasey also served for 18 years as a judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, appointed by Ronald Reagan, six of those years as Chief Judge.

## References
Nicoletta Machiavelli

**Nicoletta Machiavelli** (1 August 1944 – 15 November 2015), also known as **Nicoletta Rangoni Machiavelli** and **Nicoletta Macchiavelli**, was an Italian-American movie actress. She was born in Ravarino to a Florentine father and American mother. She was known for her works with John Huston and producer Dino De Laurentiis. She was known for her roles in *Navajo Joe* (1966), *Scarabea - wieviel Erde braucht der Mensch?* (1969) and ''L'important c'est d'aimer'' (1975).

Machiavelli died in Seattle, Washington from an illness, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Actress Machiavelli Now Star Teacher, bellevuecollege.edu; accessed 19 November 2015.
*Hollywood Reporter
Nicholas Katzenbach

**Nicholas deBelleville "Nick" Katzenbach** (January 17, 1922&nbsp;–&#32; May 8, 2012) was an American lawyer. He was the United States Attorney General during the Lyndon B. Johnson administration. He was Attorney General from February 1965 through October 1966.

## Other websites
*Oral History Interviews with Nicholas Katzenbach, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library 
*Artículo en español del diario "El País", 26 de mayo de 2012, "Nicholas Katzenbach, crucial político en la sombra"
Elliot Richardson

**Elliot Lee Richardson** (July 20, 1920 December 31, 1999) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the cabinet of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. As U.S. Attorney General, he was a known figure in the Watergate Scandal, and resigned rather than obey President Nixon's order to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox.

Richardson served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1970 to 1973, Secretary of Defense from January to May 1973, Attorney General from May to October 1973, and Secretary of Commerce from 1976 to 1977. That makes him one of only two individuals to have held four Cabinet positions within the United States government (the other such individual being George Shultz).

On December 31, 1999, Richardson died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Boston, Massachusetts, at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
* Social Security Administration Biography - Elliot L. Richardson
*
Ed Gillespie

**Edward Walter "Ed" Gillespie** (born August 1, 1961) is an American Republican politician. He served as the 61st Chairman of the Republican National Committee and Counselor to the President during George W. Bush's administration.

Gillespie, along with Democrat Jack Quinn, founded Quinn Gillespie & Associates, a bipartisan lobbying firm. In January 2014, Gillespie announced he was running for Virginia's U.S. Senate seat currently held by Mark Warner in the 2014 election, and on June 7, 2014, he received the Republican nomination.

In October 2015, Gillespie announced his plans to run for Governor of Virginia in 2017. In June 2017, he became the Republican Party's candidate for governor in Virginia's 2017 election, facing Democratic nominee Ralph Northam who later won the election.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Senate Campaign Website
* Quinn & Gillespie 
* 
* Chris Oakes, "Selling America on Crypto," *Wired*, March 4, 1998.
* The United States Needs a Clear and Realistic Encryption Policy , Statement of Edward Gillespie, executive director, Americans for Computer Privacy, March 4, 1999.
* Jim VandeHei, "Bush Policies Ease Transition For Aides Into Lobbyist Jobs," *Wall Street Journal*, March 19, 2001.https://web.archive.org/web/20030226013426/http://www.counterpunch.org/pipermail/counterpunch-list/2001-March/007364.html
* Ryan Lizza, "The Insider," *New Republic*, June 19, 2001.https://web.archive.org/web/20021030041000/http://www.tnr.com/073001/lizza073001_print.html
* A look at the 2004 presidential field , CNN.com, January 1, 2003: Ed Gillespie joined "Crossfire" hosts James Carville and Tucker Carlson.
* Robert Novak, "Bush on the Hill ," Creators Syndicate, May 24, 2003.
* Mike Allen, "Bush Picks Campaign Chief, RNC Chairman ," *Washington Post*, June 17, 2003.
* Elisabeth Bumiller, "Fierce Defender of President to Lead Campaign for Court", *New York Times*, July 6, 2005.
* Thomas B. Edsall, "Lobbyist to Campaign For Bush Court Nominee: Gillespie Choice Marks Bid to Use GOP Muscle", *Washington Post*, July 8, 2005.
*
Bad Santa

**Bad Santa** is a 2003 American Christmas criminal black comedy movie.

## Cast
* Billy Bob Thornton
* Tony Cox
* Brett Kelly
* Lauren Graham

## Soundtrack
# Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Minor Op 9
# Jingle Bell Rock by Bobby Sherman

## References
Property law

**Property law** covers two types of property in the common law legal system, real property and personal property. In the civil law system, there is a division between movable and immovable property. Movable property is more or less the same as personal property. It includes money, stocks, notes, copyrights and patents. The first legal right of absolute ownership was under Roman law and was called *dominion*.

The Napoleonic Code was among the first government acts of modern times to introduce the notion of absolute ownership into statute. But protection of personal property rights was present in medieval Islamic law.

## References
Tyler Ritter

**Tyler David Ritter** (born January 31, 1985) is an American actor best known as the star of *The McCarthys*. Ritter is the son of the late John Ritter. He is also the brother of Jason Ritter. He grew up in Los Angeles. Ritter acted in high school plays and student movies, but did not immediately pursue acting professionally. After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania in 2007, he worked for three years as a teacher in Argentina. There he married director Lelia Parma. He returned to Los Angeles and began a career as an actor at age 25. He landed the starring role on the 2014 sitcom *The McCarthys*, playing Ronny McCarthy, the openly gay son in a family of six.

## References
Fernando de la Rúa

**Fernando de la Rúa** (15 September 1937 &ndash; 9 July 2019) was an Argentine politician. He was president of the country from December 10, 1999 to December 21, 2001. He resigned during the December 2001 riots.

He died of heart and kidney failure in Belén de Escobar, Argentina on 9 July 2019 at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography and tenure by CIDOB (in Spanish)
Autonomic dysreflexia

**Autonomic dysreflexia** (**AD**), also called **autonomic hyperreflexia**, is a medical emergency.  

## Who Gets Autonomic Dysreflexia 
AD usually happens in people with spinal cord injuries that have caused damage above the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6, which is about at the same level of the armpits).  However, AD sometimes happens in people with spinal damage as low as their tenth thoracic vertebra (T10, which is about a few inches above the level of the belly button).

AD can also happen in people with diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS).

## Symptoms 
Acute AD causes many symptoms.  Some are very dangerous.  These symptoms include:
* Hypertensive emergency: the person's blood pressure gets very high all of a sudden.  The blood pressure can get so high that it can cause a stroke.  
* bradycardia, a slow heart rate.  If the heart beats too slowly, the rest of the body cannot get enough blood or oxygen.  This is dangerous, because every part of the body needs blood (which carries oxygen) to survive.  For example:
** If the brain does not get enough oxygen, a person can get brain damage or die.  
** If the heart does not get enough oxygen, it can stop beating normally or even stop beating completely.
* Bad headaches
* Very bad sweating
* Stuffy nose
* Skin flushing (redness) above the level of the spinal injury
* anxiety
* Thinking problems

## Causes 
Acute AD happens when the involuntary nervous system gets overexcited.  The body's fight or flight response kicks in very strongly.  

Scientists think this happens because of afferent nerves.  Afferent nerves are supposed to sense things (like touch) and send messages back to the brain and spinal cord so the brain can decide how to react.  Scientists think that afferent nerves below the spinal cord injury cause blood pressure to get and stay high, by causing the blood vessels to get smaller.  This is part of the fight or flight response.

## References
Anchor Bay Entertainment

**Anchor Bay Entertainment** is an American home entertainment and production company founded in 1985. It is a division of Starz Media which is a unit of and a joint venture with Starz Inc. which owns 75%. The Weinstein Company owns 25%. It was owned by IDT Entertainment until 2006 when IDT was purchased by Starz Media. Anchor Bay markets and sells feature movies, television series, television specials and short films to consumers worldwide. In 2004, Anchor Bay agreed to have its movies distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment and renewed their deal in 2011.

Anchor Bay also had a movie studio known as **Anchor Bay Films** which distributed independent theatrical films.

It is distributed by the home video releases of *Thomas & Friends*, *Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!*, and *Chuggington*.

in 2017, Anchor Bay was shut down.

## References
Barbro Hiort af Ornäs

**Barbro Hiort af Ornäs** (28 August 1921 &ndash; 28 November 2015) was a Swedish actress. She was born in Gothenburg, Sweden. She won the Best Actress Award at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival for the movie *Brink of Life*. She was also known for her roles in *While the City Sleeps*, *All These Women*, *The Passion of Anna*, and in *The Sense of Marriage*. 

Af Ornäs died on November 28, 2015 in Gothenburg from natural causes, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
William Barr

**William Pelham "Bill" Barr** (born May 23, 1950) is an American attorney. He was the 85th Attorney General of the United States from February 14, 2019 to December 23, 2020 under the Donald Trump presidency. Before, he was the 77th Attorney General under the George H. W. Bush presidency from 1991 to 1993.

On December 7, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Barr to again serve as Attorney General of the United States. He was confirmed, for a second time, as Attorney General on February 14, 2019, and assumed office later the same day.

On December 14, 2020, Trump announced that Barr would be resigning as attorney general, effective December 23.

## References
Tomasz Tomczykiewicz

**Tomasz Kazimierz Tomczykiewicz** (2 March 1961 &ndash; 28 November 2015) was a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 and again in 2015 for the 8th Sejm. He was also a member of Sejm 2001-2005, Sejm 2005-2007, Sejm 2007-2011. 

Tomczykiewicz was admitted to a hospital on 25 November 2015 due to a kidney disease. He died three days later in Katowice, Poland at the age of 54.

## References
Anatoly Savin

**Anatoly Ivanovich Savin** (born 6 April 1920 in Ostashkov, Russia - 27 March 2016) was a Russian scientist. He is a specialist in the field of information and control automation systems. He is also a doctor in Technical Science. Savin is the chairman of the Council on the problems of image processing and the scientific director of OJSC.

## References
## Other websites
* Интервью с Савиным 
* На сайте Концерн ПВО «Алмаз-Антей»  
* На сайте Биографический центр  
* На сайте ЦНИИ «Комета»
Norman Jewison

**Norman Frederick Jewison**, CC, O.Ont (July 21, 1926 &ndash; January 20, 2024) was a Canadian movie director, producer, and actor. He was the founder of the Canadian Film Centre. 

He was known for his works; *The Cincinnati Kid* (1965), *The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming* (1966), *In the Heat of the Night* (1967), *The Thomas Crown Affair* (1968), *Fiddler on the Roof* (1971), *Jesus Christ Superstar* (1973), *F.I.S.T* (1978), *...And Justice for All* (1979), ''A Soldier's Story* (1984), *Agnes of God* (1985), *Moonstruck* (1987), *Other People's Money* (1991), *The Hurricane* (1999) and *The Statement'' (2003). 

Jewison addressed important social and political issues throughout his directing and producing career. This often made him a controversial or complicated figure.

Jewison died at his home in Malibu, California on January 20, 2024, at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
*The Norman Jewison Collection at the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto contains photographs and publicity materials, papers and correspondence, shooting scripts and schedules for films directed or produced by Jewison between 1975 and 2003.
*Order of Canada Citation 
* 
*CBC Digital Archives: Master Storyteller Norman Jewison
*movie clips: , compilation, 5 min.
Hugh Hewitt

**Hugh Hewitt** (born February 22, 1956) is an American radio talk show host. He works with the Salem Radio Network. He is also a  lawyer, academic, and author. Hewitt is a conservative and a Catholic, he comments on society, politics, and media bias in the United States. Hewitt is also a law professor at Chapman University School of Law.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Hewitt's columns at Townhall.com
* 
*
Warren, Ohio

**Warren** is a city in and the county seat of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States.  The city is located in northeastern Ohio, approximately  northwest of Youngstown and  west of the Pennsylvania state line.

The population was 39,201 at the 2020 census. Warren is part of the *Youngstown-Warren, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area*.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Warren's official website
Mesoamerican pyramids

]]

The **Mesoamerican pyramids** were pyramids built by native american indians in Central America. They were mostly step pyramids. The Mayan pyramids are an example.

American peoples who have built pyramids include:
*Aztecs
*Teotihuacan
*Toltecs
*Zapotecs
*Purépechans
*Mayans
*Chalchihuite

There are a number of famous step pyramids whose builders are not known, including the largest of all: the Great Pyramid of Cholula.
Conversation Peace

***Conversation Peace*** is the 22nd album released by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released on the Motown label in 1995. The album was Wonder's first studio album since 1987's *Characters*. The album was going to be released in 1993, which was the last year new jack swing was popular, but Wonder continued to work on the album through to 1995 and the album wasn't contemporary enough to get radio airplay. It had three singles, "For Your Love", "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" and "Treat Myself".

## Track listing 
All songs written and composed by Stevie Wonder, except where noted.
# "Rain Your Love Down" – 6:08
# "Edge of Eternity" – 6:01
# "Taboo to Love" – 4:25
# "Take the Time Out" – 5:05
# "I'm New" – 5:41
# "My Love Is with You" – 5:54
# "Treat Myself" (Wonder, Stephanie Andrews) – 4:55
# "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" – 4:46
# "Sensuous Whisper" – 5:47
# "For Your Love" – 5:00
# "Cold Chill" – 6:53
# "Sorry" – 6:45
# "Conversation Peace" – 6:39

## Personnel 
Personnel involved in the album include:

* Anita Baker – Background vocals
* Ollie Brown – Conductor
* Lenny Castro – Percussion
* Ernie Fields, Jr. – Tenor saxophone
* Ladysmith Black Mambazo – Background vocals
* Robert Margouleff – Mixing
* Branford Marsalis – Saxophone
* Greg Phillinganes – Keyboards
* Melvin "Wah Wah" Ragin – Guitar
* Nathan Watts – Bass, background vocals, associate producer
* Deniece Williams – Background vocals
* The Winans - Background vocals
* Stevie Wonder – Guitar, arranger, keyboards, vocals, background vocals, multi instruments, mixing
* Syreeta Wright – Background vocals
* Take 6 - Background vocals

## Charts
;Peak positions

;Year-end charts

;Certifications

## References
Overcome (Alexandra Burke album)

***Overcome*** is the debut studio album by English singer Alexandra Burke. It was released 19 October 2009 on Syco Music. It was released a year after Burke won the British talent show, *The X Factor*. It was also re-released in 2010 with a new artwork and three extra songs.

## Reviews
*Overcome* has received mainly positive reviews.

## Track listing
Information taken from *Overcome* liner notes.

(*) signifies co-producer

### Deluxe edition
The deluxe edition track list.

## References
Sulfur cycle

The **sulfur cycle** is the way sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems.

Sulfur (S) is an element important to ecosystems and the climate. The majority of sulfur is stored underground, for example under the ocean or in rocks. It also occurs naturally in places like swamps (where organisms have decomposed) and volcanoes. Humans add excess sulfur into this cycle, usually through atmospheric pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion.

## Steps of the sulfur cycle 
*As rocks are worn down by erosion they release sulfur that was once stored, becoming SO4 once it touches the air
*Plants absorb this sulfur through photosynthesis and make this sulfur organic
*Animals, specifically herbivores and omnivores consume the sulfur when they eat the plants
*Sulfur moves through the food chain as secondary consumers and tertiary consumers eat the primary consumers
*When animals and plants die, the sulfur dissipates into the atmosphere as sulfate and also through the body of the decomposers
*The sulfur in the atmosphere is returned to the soil and water cycle when it rains
Sulfur can also be naturally released when volcanoes explode. The hydrological cycle plays a critical role in moving sulfur around.

## Human Impact on the sulfur cycle 
Humans are responsible for 1/3 of the sulfur in the atmosphere. Sulfur is released by the combustion of fossil fuels, as mentioned above, and is most prevalent as sulfur dioxide. Sulfur is one of the root causes of acid rain along with nitrogen and carbon which negatively affects the environment. Acid rain is created when the H2O falls and combines with the Sulfur trioxide to create Sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is also used in most fertilizers and so can be introduced into the water cycle from runoff off of nearby farms into rivers and lakes. This causes eutrophication and algal blooms, and so reduced the Dissolved oxygen and biodiversity in that water system. Sulfur in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide also absorbs radiation, however which keeps the earth's surface cooler and combats some of the effects of global warming.
Flag of Azad Kashmir

The **State flag** of Azad Jammu and Kashmir traditionally displays the Pakistani national colours, white and dark Green, with a Crescent and star to represent the Muslim-majority all of which shows its Islamic heritage and strong ties with the Federation of Pakistan. It also has a saffron square to represent the Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh and other minorities of the disputed region, the colours are clearly influenced by the Mughal Empire. The four white stripes symbolizes the main rivers of  the Kashmir region; Indus (National River of Pakistan), Jhelum, Chenab and Ravi. It also represents the five geographic divisions of the Disputed territory, namely, Baltistan, Gilgit, Jammu, the Kashmir Valley and Ladakh.

## Related pages
* Flag of Pakistan (Federal)
* AJK emblem
* List of Pakistani flags

## References
Ridley (Metroid)

is a fictional character in the *Metroid* video game series. Ridley is a draconic extraterrestrial and an archenemy of Samus Aran. Ridley led an attack on Samus's home planet of K-2L which destroyed the world and killed her parents. Ridley appears in his metal form in *Metroid Prime* and *Prime 3: Corruption*.

## Reception
Ridley has received a positive critical response from fans and video game publications. Nintendo Power ranked Ridley at #6 on their list of favorite Nintendo villains. Jesse Schedeen of IGN called Ridley the real villain of the *Metroid* series, saying that they would have to include him in a *Metroid* movie because he would be too important to leave out.

Ridley has also appeared in the *Super Smash Bros.* series as a boss in *Brawl*'s Subspace Emissary mode and as a boss on the Pyrosphere stage in *Super Smash Bros. for Wii U*. He can help the player who damages him enough on the Pyrosphere stage.

## References
Claire Aho

, 1961.]]
**Claire Anita Aho** (2 November 1925 &ndash; 29 November 2015) was a pioneering Finnish-born Swedish photographer. She started her career in the 1940s at the Aho & Soldan company. Aho moved to Sweden in 1974 where she worked as an photographer for several newspapers including *Hufvudstadsbladet* and with Nordic Museum.

Aho died in Stockholm on 29 November 2015 in a fire in her home. She was 90 years old.

## References
Anemone coronaria

***Anemone coronaria*** (Spanish marigold)  is a flowering plant in the genus *Anemone*. It is native to the Mediterranean region. 

*Anemone coronaria* is widely grown for its decorative flowers. Numerous cultivars have been selected and named.

## Note
Shigeru Mizuki

was a Japanese manga artist. He was born in Sakaiminato, Tottori. Mizuki was mostly known for his Japanese horror manga GeGeGe no Kitarō.

Mizuki died from a heart attack in Tokyo, Japan, aged 93.

## References 
## Other websites 
*"Drawing from Experience", *Japan Times*, February 6, 2005, last accessed in March 22, 2012.
*Mizuki Production website
*Sakaiminato: The town where you can meet Kitaro 
*Shigeru Mizuki Road, Shigeru Mizuki Museum , photos
*Japan Focus: War and Japan: The Non-Fiction Manga of Mizuki Shigeru
*
Gerrit Holdijk

**Gerrit Holdijk** (17 November 1944 &ndash;  30 November 2015) was a Dutch jurist and politician. He was born in Uddel. He was a member of the Reformed Political Party (SGP). He was a member of the States-Provincial of Gelderland from 1987 to 2011. He was also a member of the Senate from 1986 to 1987 and again from 1991 to 2015.

Holdijk died in Uddel from lung cancer, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
*  Senate biography
*  Parlement.com biography
Jean Joubert

**Jean Joubert** (27 February 1928 &ndash; 28 November 2015) was a French novelist, short story writer, and poet.
He won the 1978 Prix Mallarmé for *Poems: 1955–1975*. He won the 1975 Prix Renaudot for ''L'Homme de sable''. Joubert was born in Châlette-sur-Loing, Loiret.

Joubert died on 28 November 2015 in Paris from a heart attack, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*Jean Joubert biography
Oʻtkir Sultonov

**Oʻtkir Toʻxtamurodovich Sultonov** (Russian: Уткир Тухтамурадович Султанов, *Utkir Tukhtamuradovich Sultanov*)  (14 July 1939 – 29 November 2015) was an Uzbek politician. He was the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 21 December 1995 until 12 December 2003.

Sultonov died in Tashkent, Uzbekistan at the age of 76.

## References
Kirthar Mountains

The **Kirthar Mountains**  are in Balochistan and the Sindh provinces of Pakistan.  The range extends south for about 190 miles (300&nbsp;km) from the Mula River in east-central Balochistan to Cape Monze (Muari), near Mubarak Village, Karachi on the Arabian Sea.

Kirthar National Park is one of the major wildlife reserves in Sindh, Pakistan.  The Kirthar Range forms the boundary between the Lower Indus Plain (east) and southern Balochistan (west).  It is a series of parallel rock hill ridges rising from 4,000 feet (1,200 m) in the south to nearly 8,000 feet (2,500 m) in the north.

## Notes
Wayanad

**Wayanad district** is a hill station and  12th District in the state of Kerala in India. Mananthavady, Sulthanbathery, and Vythiri Taluks are all in Wayanad. The name Wayanad comes from Vayal Nadu and it means the land of paddy fields. It is a high, flat land between 700 meters and 2100 meters above sea level. It is in northeaster Kerala, in the Western Ghat mountains. Wayandad is one of the biggest foreign exchange earners in Kerala because it makes money-earning crops like pepper, cardamom, coffee, tea, and other spices. Wayanad district is bounded by kozhikode district in west, mysuru district in east. kannur district and kodagu district towards north.

## History 
In ancient times the Vedar Rajas ruled Wayanad. Later the Pazhassi Raja of the Kottayam Royal Dynasty ruled. Then there was a Mysorean invasion.  Later, the British took over India, which lasted for 200 years. The British fought the Pazhassi Rajah. When the state of Kerala started in 1956, Wayanad was part of the Cannannore district. In 1957, south Wayanad was added to Kozhikode district and north Wayanad stayed with Cannannore district. Many Adivasi people live in Wayanad. Many settlers also live in Wayanad. People came to Wayanad from almost all the other parts of Kerala because the farmland is good. Wayanad has a small Jain community made of Gowders who came from Karnataka. They built temples all over the district. There are also many different kinds of Christians living in Wayanad. One fourth of the population of Wayanad is Christian. Another fourth of the population is Muslims, and the rest of the people are Hindus. The entire Wayanad region fell under the Kannada speaking area as per the linguistic survey and history of Colonel Wilks.

## References
Üsküdar University

**Üsküdar University** is a university in Istanbul, Turkey. It was founded by the Human Values and Mental Health Foundation. It is the first university of Turkey for the study of Behavioral Health and Sciences.

The university consist of four undergraduate faculties, one Vocational School Of Health Services, and one institute.

## Faculty & Institute
*Communication Faculty 
*Faculty of Health Sciences 
*Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences 
*Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences 
*VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES 
*Institutes 

## References
Nevzat Tarhan

**Kaşif Nevzat Tarhan** (born on July 7, 1952 in Merzifon, Amasya, Turkey ) is a Turkish medical scientist, psychiatrist and neuropsychology expert.

## Life
He was born in Merzifon in 1952. He finished Kuleli Military High School in 1969 and graduated from Cerrahpaşa Medical School Istanbul University in 1975. Following his internship at GATA (Gülhane Military Medical Academy) he worked in Cyprus and Bursa garrisons at different military medical institutions. 

In 1982 he became a specialist psychiatrist at GATA. After his clinical services as a specialist at Erzincan and Çorlu Hospitals, he became an assistant professor(1988), an associate professor (1990) at GATA Haydarpaşa. He was promoted to colonel in 1993 and became a professor in 1996. 

Between 1996 – 1999 he worked at  Yüzüncü Yıl University as faculty member and as an expert at Forensic Institution. He got retired on his own will. He took the representation of  "Memory Center of America" in Turkey in 1998.

He has been the chairman of the board of NPİSTANBUL, the first neuropsychiatry hospital of Turkey, and also the founding rector of Üsküdar University.

He has more than a hundred publications 31 of which are international. He speaks English and German. He is married and has two children. 

## References
Romantic orientation

**Romantic orientation**, also called **affectional orientation**, indicates the sex or gender that a person is most likely to have a romantic relationship with. It is compared to the term *sexual orientation*. Romantic orientation is based on the idea that sexual attraction is one component of a larger picture. For example, although a pansexual person may feel sexually attracted to multiple genders, they may be predisposed to romantic intimacy with females. For asexual people, romantic orientation is often considered a more useful measure of attraction than sexual orientation, as some are not aromantic.

Other examples of romantic orientation include biromantic, heteroromantic, homoromantic, and panromantic.

## References
Carbon sequestration

**Carbon sequestration** is the  of  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in the atmosphere.  One method of sequestration is by capturing CO2 produced by power plants and factories before they release it into the atmosphere.

## Methods 
There are two long-term ways to remove CO2 from the atmosphere:
# Terrestrial Sequestration- plants and trees store CO2 in their bodies and in their roots. 
# geologic sequestration- bury the CO2 thousands of feet .

## References
Arsenal Stadium

**Arsenal Stadium** was a football stadium. It was commonly known as **Highbury Stadium**, or simply **Highbury**. It was the home stadium of Arsenal Football Club from 1913 until 2006.

## References
## Other websites
* Highbury Square Official website of the redevelopment project
Super Mario 128

***Super Mario 128*** refers to a series of development projects that were originally to be used only to create a sequel to *Super Mario 64*. As debuted at Nintendo's Space World trade show in 2000, the demonstrated graphics and physics concepts were gradually incorporated into various games across many years. This includes the rapid object generation in *Pikmin*, the "sphere walking" technology used in *The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess* and *Super Mario Galaxy*, and the physics of *Metroid Prime*.

## History
### *Super Mario 64* sequel
The name *Super Mario 128* was first used as early as January 1997 by Shigeru Miyamoto, as a possible name for a *Super Mario 64* sequel. This rumored expansion and sequel to *Super Mario 64* called *Super Mario 64-2* was said to be developed for the Nintendo 64DD, but ended up being cancelled due to the 64DD's commercial failure. Shigeru Miyamoto mentioned at E3's 1997 convention that he was "just getting started" on the project.

In November 1999, Shigeru Miyamoto said, "Well, for over a year now at my desk, a prototype program of Mario and Luigi has been running on my monitor. We've been thinking about the game, and it may be something that could work on a completely new game system." The game had only a demo of one level made for it. Miyamoto claimed that multiplayer functionality was the first aspect of the game that he wanted to include.

## References
Palestine sunbird

The **Palestine sunbird** is a small passerine bird. It is found in West Asia and deserts in Africa, it is also known as the **orange-tufted sunbird**, which was a name also used for a similar bird that is found in South Africa. In 2015, the state of Palestine made it their national bird.

## Description 
The body of the Palestine sunbird is 8 to 12&nbsp;cm long, and the wings of it are 14 to 16&nbsp;cm. The beak is fairly long, black and curves down. The feathers of males, when it is during breeding time, are mostly dark, but look blue or green in light. They have orange tufts on the sides of their chests which are hard to see unless you look close. Females and young birds are a grey-brown color. Males that are not in breeding time are similar but may still have some dark feathers.

It has a high, fast song and many calls, including a harsh alarm call.

## References
Thrush nightingale

The **thrush nightingale** (*Luscinia luscinia*) is a bird from Europe and Asia. It used to be considered a thrush, but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher.

## References
Currawong

The **currawong** is a type of bird from Australasia. They form the genus ***Strepera***, which belongs to the Artamidae family of birds. There are three species of currawong.

## Related pages 
* Magpie
* Raven
Eddie Steeples

**Eddie Steeples** (born November 25, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as the Rubberband Man in an advertising campaign for OfficeMax, and as Darnell Turner in the NBC comedy *My Name Is Earl*.

## References
2015 Tunis bombing

On 24 November 2015, a bus carrying Tunisian presidential guards exploded, killing 12, on a principal road in Tunis. After the attack, President Beji Caid Essebsi issued a state of emergency in Tunisia. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack. The bomber, who killed himself in the attack, was identified as Houssem Abdelli.

## References