open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chanodichthys

***Chanodichthys*** is a genus of cyprinids in the subfamily Cultrinae consisting of five species from East Asia. It is related to *Culter*.

## Etymology 
It is derived from *chanos*, which is Greek for "abyss, mouth opened, inmensity" and also the Greek word for fish, *ichthys*.

## Species 
The family has 5 species:

* *Chanodichthys abramoides* Dybowski, 1872
* *Chanodichthys dabryi* Bleeker, 1871 (Humpback)
* *Chanodichthys erythropterus* Basilewsky, 1855 (Predatory carp)
* *Chanodichthys mongolicus* Basilewsky, 1855 (Mongolian redfin)
* *Chanodichthys oxycephalus* Bleeker, 1871

### Type species 
The type species of the genus is the Mongolian redfin.

## Some photos 

File:Chanodichthys mongolicus.JPG|Mongolian redfin (*Chanodichthys mongolicus*)
File:Chanodichthys erythropterus by OpenCage.jpg|A predatory carp

## References 
# "*Chanodichthys*". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
# Huckstorf, V. & Freyhof, J. (2012). "*Chanodichthys mongolicus*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*.

## Further reading 
* Devi, R.; Boguskaya, N. (2009). "*Chanodichthys dabryi*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*.

## Other websites 
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30SBmV1-Sm8
Cultrinae

**Cultrinae** is an Asian subfamily of cyprinids that consists of over 10 genera.

## Genera 
* *Anabarilius* (21 species)
* *Ancherythroculter* (5 species)
* *Chanodichthys* (5 species)
* *Culter* (4 species)
* *Cultrichthys* (monotypic)
* *Erythroculter* (monotypic)
* *Hainania* (monotypic)
* *Hemiculter* (8 species)
* *Ischikauia* (monotypic)
* *Megalobrama* (5 species)
* *Parabramis* – white Amur bream (monotypic)
* *Paralaubuca* (5 species)
* *Pseudohemiculter* (4 species)
* *Pseudolaubuca* (4 species)
* *Sinibrama* (6 species)
* *Toxabramis* (7 species)

## Gallery 

File:Culter alburnus.jpg|Topmouth culter
File:Chanodichthys mongolicus from the Lake Khanka.jpg|Mongolian redfin
File:Megalobrama mantschuricus.png|*Megalobrama mantschuricus*
File:Toxabramis argentifer.png|*Toxabramis argentifer*

## References 
# Park, Cheol-Woo; Kim, Jae-Goo (2024). "A Comparative Morphological Study on the Characteristics of Egg Envelopes of Three Cultrinae Fishes (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) in Korea". *NCBI*.

## Other websites 
* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254419496_Phylogeny_and_Zoogeography_of_the_Cyprinid_Hemicultrine_Group_Cyprinidae_Cultrinae
Octonion

In mathematics, the **octonion** number system extends the complex numbers into eight dimensions. It is represented using the symbol \mathbb O. The 16-dimensional sedenions come after the octonions.

## History
The octonions were first described by Irish mathematician John T. Graves in 1843, who originally called them "**octaves**". They were independently described by Arthur Cayley in 1845.

## Introduction
The octonions take on the following form, with 8 total elements.  is a real number, and the others are imaginary units belonging to 7 different dimensions.

:

## Multiplication
The Fano plane is a diagram that shows how another octonion element is obtained when two octonion elements are multiplied with each other.

The two examples below illustrate how a positive product is obtained when moving along with directions of the arrows in the Fano plane.
:

:

The two examples below illustrate how a negative product is obtained when moving against the directions of the arrows in the Fano plane.
:

:

Both quaternions and octonions are non-commutative, but octonions are also non-associative. However, quaternions are associative. The example below shows how the results of multiplying , ,  change when they are grouped differently (in order words, when the order of operations differ).

:

:

## References
## Other websites
*
Sedenion

In mathematics, the **sedenion** number system extends the complex numbers into 16 dimensions.

The 32-dimensional trigintaduonions come after the sedenions.

## References
Trigintaduonion

In mathematics, the **trigintaduonion** number system (\mathbb T), also called the **32-ions**, extends the complex numbers into 32 dimensions.

## References
T5 Cumberland Line

The **T5 Cumberland Line** is a rail service operated by Sydney Trains.

## History
The line opened in 1996. Before the line opened, people have to change at Granville.
## Stations
### Richmond railway line
* Richmond (late night only)
* East Richmond (late night only)
* Clarendon (late night only)
* Windsor (late night only)
* Mulgrave (late night only)
* Vineyard (late night only)
* Riverstone (late night only)
* Schofields
* Quakers Hill
* Marayong
* Blacktown
### Main Western railway line
* Seven Hills
* Toongabbie
* Pendle Hill
* Wentworthville
* Westmead
* Parramatta
* Harris Park
### Old Main South railway line
* Merrylands
* Guildford
* Yennora
* Fairfield
* Canley Vale
### Main South railway line
* Cabramatta
* Warwick Farm
* Liverpool
* Casula
* Glenfield
### South West Rail Link
* Edmondson Park
* Leppington

## References
Juha Puhtimäki

**Juha Puhtimäki** is a Finnish baseball player.

He became Finnish champion with teams Manse PP and Joensuu Maila, at the top level of Finnish baseball.

Early life: He was born in 1985 in Ilmajoki.

## References
Williams v. Mississippi

**Williams v. Mississippi**, 170 U.S. 213 (1898), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of Mississippi’s voter registration provisions, which included a poll tax, literacy test, and the grandfather clause for voter eligibility. The plaintiff, Henry Williams, an African American man convicted of murder by an all-white jury, challenged the validity of these provisions under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

## Background 
In 1890, Mississippi adopted a new state constitution that included a number of provisions aimed at disenfranchising African American voters. These provisions included a poll tax, literacy tests, and a grandfather clause that allowed illiterate whites to vote if their grandfathers had voted before the American Civil War. The laws disproportionately affected African Americans, who, due to generations of inequality, were more likely to be poor and illiterate than whites.

Williams was convicted of murder by an all-white jury, and he argued that his indictment was invalid because African Americans had been systematically excluded from jury service through the state's discriminatory voter registration laws. Under Mississippi's laws, only registered voters could serve on juries, and because African Americans were effectively disenfranchised, they were excluded from juries as well.

## Legal argument 
Williams' appeal claimed that the state’s voting laws violated the Fourteenth Amendment, as they were designed to disenfranchise African Americans and deny them equal protection under the law. He argued that because African Americans were excluded from voter rolls, they were also excluded from jury service, making his trial by an all-white jury inherently biased.

## Decision 
On April 25, 1898, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously against Williams in a 9–0 decision. Writing for the Court, Justice Joseph McKenna held that Mississippi’s voting laws were not discriminatory on their face and did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment, even if they resulted in the exclusion of African Americans from voting and jury service. McKenna noted that the laws could apply to all races equally, and any discrimination that occurred was the result of local officials' application of the laws, not the laws themselves.

McKenna wrote: "The constitution of Mississippi and its statutes do not on their face discriminate between the races, and it has not been shown that their actual administration was evil; only that evil was possible under them."

## Aftermath 
The Court’s decision allowed states across the South to continue using Jim Crow laws and voter registration requirements to disenfranchise African Americans. It was not until the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that these practices were finally overturned.

## See also 
* Jim Crow laws
* Voting Rights Act of 1965
* Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
* Literacy test
* Poll tax

## References 
## Other Website 
* Oyez: Williams v. Mississippi
Alexei Savrasov

* was painted by Savrasov near Ipatiev Monastery in Kostroma.]]

**Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov**;  &ndash; ) was a Russian landscape painter. He created a style of painting, called *lyrical landscape* style. His most famous painting is *The Rooks Have Returned*.

## Some of his paintings

Image:Savrasov vid na cremlin.JPG|View of the [Kremlin] in Inclement Weather (1851)
Image:Savrasov oraninienbaum.JPG|View in the Neighborhood of Oranienbaum (1854)
Image:Savrasov river and fisher.JPG|Landscape with River and Angler (1859)
Image:Alexej Kondratjewitsch Sawrassow 001.jpg|Rustic View (1867)
Image:Elk Island by Savrasov.jpg|Elk Island in Sokolniki (1869)
Image:Savrasov winter night.JPG|Winter Night (1869)
Image:Alexej Kondratjewitsch Sawrassow 002.jpg|Winter (1870)
Image:Savrasov zakat nadbolotom.jpg|Sundown over a marsh, 1871
Image:Savrasov pascher monastery.JPG|Monastery of Caves near Nizhny Novgorod (1871)
Image:Sukharev Tower in Moscow (Savrasov, 1872).jpg|Sukharev Tower (1872)
Image:Savrasov rainbow.JPG|Rainbow (1873)
Image:SavrasovAK VesDen VLA.jpg|Spring Day, 1873
Image:Savrasov rafts.JPG|Rafts (1873)
Image:Savrasov. Volga (1874).jpg|The Volga, 1874
Image:Savrasov monastery gate.JPG|Monastery Gates (1875)
Image:Savrasov autumn village.jpg|Autumn village, 1870s
Image:Вечер (Саврасов).jpg|Evening, 1880
Image:Savrasov spring thaw.JPG|Early Spring. Thaw. (1880s)
Image:Savrasov ogorody.JPG|Spring. Kitchen Gardens (1893)
Image:Savrasov rasputitsa.JPG|*Rasputitsa'' (Sea of Mud, 1894)

## Notes
## Sources
John Hopfield

**John Joseph Hopfield** (born July 15, 1933) is an American physicist and molecular biologist. He is a professor of Princeton University. He is known for his study of neural networks in 1982. He is known for the creation of the Hopfield network. 

In 2024, along with Geoffrey Hinton, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on artificial neural networks for machine learning. 

## References
## Other websites
* Homepage at Princeton 
* User:John J. Hopfield – Scholarpedia
*2014 review by Hopfield tracing the trajectory of solid state physics through his experiences
List of Russian painters

This is a list of Russian painters.

*Andrei Rublev (d. c. 1430)

*Viktor Hartmann (d. 1873)

*Alexei Savrasov (d. 1897)

*Isaac Levitan (d. 1900)
*Vasily Vereshchagin (d. 1904)

*Léon Bakst (d. 1924)

*Vladimir Mayakovsky (d. 1930)
*Ilya Repin (d. 1930)
*Zurab Tsereteli (d. 1934)
*Kazimir Malevich (d. 1935)

*Alexej von Jawlensky (d. 1941) 
*Mikhail Nesterov (d. 1942) 
*Aristarkh Lentulov (d. 1943)
*Kandinsky (d. 1944) 
*Nicholas Roerich (d. 1947)

*Natalia Goncharova (d. 1962)

*Martiros Saryan (d. 1972)

*Vladimir Yankilevsky (d. 2017) 

*Sergey Zagraevsky (d. 2020)
*Tahir Salahov (d. 2021)
*Dmitri Vrubel (d. 2022)

*Andrei Kolkoutine (born 1957)

*Andrey Shishkin (born 1960)

## References
Trash compactor

A **trash compactor** is a useful machine designed to reduce the volume of waste by compressing it. The process begins with loading the trash into the compactor. Once the trash is inside, the machine is turned on, and a metal ram pushes down on the trash, crushing it to make it more compact. This compression significantly reduces the space the trash occupies, allowing more waste to fit into the same bin. Trash compactors are commonly used in both homes and businesses to manage waste more efficiently, ultimately reducing the number of trips needed to take out the trash.

## References
Gian Marco

**Gian Marco Javier Zignago Alcóver** (born 1970) is a Peruvian musician and actor. He has won the Latin Grammy Award for the Best Singer-Songwriter Album three times.

## Sources
Hyloxalus arliensis

***Hyloxalus arliensis*** is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

Scientists saw this frog in the Andes Mountains, between 565 and 1200  meters above sea level in Colombia's Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental.

## References
Ronn Torossian

**Ronn D. Torossian** is an American public relations executive and the founder of 5W Public Relations (5WPR) in New York City. He is also an author. Torossian made his firm’s name with strong media tactics, which sometimes caused controversy.

Torossian is very active in Israeli right-wing politics and activism.

## Early life 
Torossian was born in Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in The Bronx. He went to Stuyvesant High School in New York City.

In 1999, Torossian criticized Benjamin Netanyahu for stopping construction at Har Homa and withdrawing Israeli troops from parts of Hebron. As the director of Americans for Israel’s Survival, Torossian helped organize a protest in 2002 outside the French tourist office in New York. The protest was against the French government’s lack of action on anti-Semitic attacks and called for a boycott of French goods and travel to France to hurt France’s economy.

Torossian writes opinion pieces for the New York Post, The New York Observer, and The Jewish Press. In March 2015, he criticized the New Israel Fund along with Pamela Geller because of the NIF’s position on the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions campaign.

Torossian is a supporter of Donald Trump.

## References
Robert Coover

**Robert Lowell Coover** (February 4, 1932 – October 5, 2024) was an American novelist and short story writer. He was a professor at Brown University. Coover was born in Charles City, Iowa. His works were mainly fabulation and metafiction. He was a well known supporter of electronic literature. He was a founder of the Electronic Literature Organization.

Coover died at a care home in Warwick, England on October 5, 2024, at the age of 92.

## References
Polaris Dawn

**Polaris Dawn** was a spaceflight with astronauts in 2024. The flight was done in one of the spacecraft of SpaceX, on behalf of Jared Isaacman, the CEO of the company Shift4.

It was the first of three planned missions in the Polaris program. Launched 10 September 2024 as the 14th crewed orbital flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft, Isaacman and his crew of three — Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon — flew in an elliptic orbit that took them 1,400 kilometers (870 mi) away from Earth, the farthest anyone has been since NASA's Apollo program. They passed through parts of the Van Allen radiation belt to study the health effects of space radiation and spaceflight on the human body. Later in the mission, the crew performed the first commercial spacewalk.
Recai Kutan

**Mehmet Recai Kutan** (5 April 1930 – 7 October 2024) was a Turkish politician. He was the leader of the Felicity Party (SP) from 2001 to 2003 and again from 2006 to 2008. He was also the leader of the Virtue Party from 1997 to 2001. Kutan was born in Darende, Turkey.

Kutan was the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources from 1996 to 1997. Before, he was the Minister of Construction and Settlement from 1977 to 1978.

Kutan died on 7 October 2024 from problems caused by a respiratory tract infection at a hospital in Ankara, Turkey at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography
Sexual system

A **sexual system** is how male and female roles are shared among organisms in a species of animal. It's sometimes called a reproductive or mating system. The boundaries of the different systems are not quite clear because of changes in traits. The sexual systems have been studied for a very long time. Staminate flowers are male and consist only of stamens. They produce pollen. The female flowers are pistillate, containing only pistils. The flowers of hermaphrodite have both male and female parts which are the stamen and pistil, respectively. In animals, similar systems exist where hermaphrodites live alongside single-sex individuals, and these are called mixed sexual systems.
## List of sexual systems 
## Related pages 
* Ploidy
* Human reproductive system

## References
Polish Committee of National Liberation

in pink, lands under Germany in brown, lands under the USSR in red)]]
The **Polish Committee of National Liberation**, was an executive governing authority established by the Soviet-backed communists in Poland at the later stage of World War II. Installed in July 1944 in Lublin, it was a provisional entity functioning in opposition to the London based Polish government-in-exile (which was recognised by the Western Allies). It governed land that re captured from Nazi Germany and the General Government by the Soviet Red Army and the Polish People's Army.
Battle of Kotli

The **Battle of Kotli** was a key engagement during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948. It took place in Kotli, a strategically located town in Jammu and Kashmir. The battle involved Indian forces attempting to defend Kotli from an invasion by Pakistani tribal militias and the Azad Kashmir forces.

## Background 
After the partition of British India in 1947, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir faced pressure to join either India or Pakistan. When the Maharaja of Kashmir, Hari Singh, acceded to India, tribal militias from Pakistan, backed by the Azad Kashmir forces, launched an invasion to capture key areas in the region. The control of Kotli was particularly significant, as it was essential for maintaining supply routes, making it a focal point of military engagement during the war.

Kotli, located near Poonch and Mirpur, was crucial for controlling access routes into the Kashmir Valley. It was important for India to defend Kotli in order to secure supply lines and communications between Indian-held territory and the Kashmir Valley.

### The Battle 
In late 1947, Indian forces stationed in Kotli, commanded by Lt. Col. Sukhdev Singh and Brigadier Paranjape, came under siege by tribal militias and Azad Kashmir forces. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the Indian garrison made several attempts to repel the attackers and break the siege. However, the strategic situation extended beyond just Kotli.

The Indian strategy led the Pakistani forces to believe that the main attack would focus on the Naushera-Kotli-Poonch axis. This suggests that Indian forces engaged in deception operations to mislead the Pakistani military about their true intentions, leading the Pakistanis to expect a major offensive in that area.

In reality, the Indian main attack was a two-pronged advance:
* **19 Brigade** advanced along the Rajouri-Bhimbhar Gali-Mendhar-Topa axis.
* **5 Brigade** advanced on the same line but on a different flank (the right of 19 Brigade).

Additionally, the **Rajouri Column** was tasked with securing the left flank of the main attack by capturing Ramgarh Fort, ensuring the advancing forces were protected from being attacked from an exposed position.

On 27 November 1947, Kotli was abandoned by Indian forces, marking a moment in the battle for the region. The decision to evacuate came after intense fighting and sustained pressure from tribal militias and Azad Kashmir forces, 

## Aftermath 
Kotli’s capture marked a significant territorial gain for Pakistan during the 1947–1948 war. The town remains part of Pakistan-administered Kashmir following the United Nations-brokered ceasefire in 1948.Kotli’s fall had long-term implications for the territorial boundaries in the Kashmir conflict.

## References
Plaxton Premiere

The **Plaxton Premiere**, **Plaxton Excalibur** and **Plaxton Prima** was bodyworks of coaches. They were made from 1991 to 2004 by Plaxton.

The Premiere, Excalibur and Prima all looked the same but they were made with different heights.

In 2004, the Premiere and the Excalibur was replaced by the Paragon and the Panther.

The Prima was made up until 2012 and wasn't replaced.

## Chassis 
The Premiere bodywork was built on the DAF SB3000 chassis, Dennis Javelin chassis, and the Volvo B10M chassis.

The Excalibur bodywork was built on the Dennis Javelin chassis, Volvo B10M chassis and the Volvo B12T chassis.

The Prima bodywork was built on the DAF SB3000 chassis and the Volvo B7R chassis.

## Other models 
 DAF SB3000 with Plaxton Prima bodywork.]]
 Volvo B10M with Plaxton Excalibur bodywork.]]

* Plaxton made a coach body called the **Expressliner II**. It was built on the Volvo B10M chassis. (or Premiere Interurban). It was built on the Volvo B10M chassis. It was made for medium distance interurban services. It was made for the Stagecoach Group.

## Gallery

File:ARLEEN Peasedown-St-John - Flickr - secret coach park.jpg|Volvo B10M with Plaxton Premiere bodywork
File:GOOD BYE NEWBURY COACHES - Flickr - secret coach park.jpg|Volvo B10M with Plaxton Premiere bodywork
File:EYMS Frodingham Plaxton Prima and Goodyear Barnsley Plaxton Interurban.jpg|A MkII Plaxton Prima and a MkI Plaxton Interurban
File:EYMS Frodingham Plaxton Prima and Goodyear Barnsley Plaxton Interurban rears.jpg|The different rear ends of the MkI (left) and MkII (right) Premiere series
File:Volvo B10M Plaxton Premiere S51 UBO TWH , (C.S. Hunn), Romford.jpg|Volvo B10M with Plaxton Expressliner 2 bodywork
File:Ashford Luxury Coaches coach (L227 BUT) 1994 Dennis Javelin Plaxton Premiere, Weston super Mare, 15 June 2011.jpg|Dennis Javelin with Plaxton Premiere bodywork

## References
## Other websites
Dave Farnsworth

**David Christian Farnsworth** (born July 16, 1951) is an American politician. He is a member of the Arizona State Senate and was a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.

## References
Nicholas Pryor

**Nicholas David Pryor** (born **Probst**; January 28, 1935 – October 7, 2024) was an American actor. His career began in 1951. He was known for his roles as Victor Collins in *General Hospital* and *Port Charles*, as A. Milton Arnold in *Beverly Hills, 90210*, as Jim Hammen in *Airplane!* and as Mr. Goodson in *Risky Business*.

Pryor was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He studied at the Gilman School and at Yale University. In 1993, he married Christine Belford.

Pryor died on October 7, 2024 of cancer at his home in Wilmington, North Carolina at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Biography from ABC Network's *Port Charles*
Leucostethus

***Leucostethus*** is a group of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae. The frogs live in the western Amazon rainforest.

The frogs in this group are the only ones in the Colostethinae group that do not have dark colors on the belly. The name is from the Greek words *leukos* ("white") and *stethos* ("chest").

These species are in *Leucostethus*:
* *Leucostethus alacris* (Rivero and Granados-Díaz, 1990)
* *Leucostethus argyrogaster* (Morales and Schulte, 1993)
* *Leucostethus bilsa* Vigle *et al*., 2020
* *Leucostethus brachistriatus* (Rivero and Serna, 1986)
* *Leucostethus dysprosium* (Rivero and Serna, 2000)
* *Leucostethus fraterdanieli* (Silverstone, 1971)
* *Leucostethus fugax* (Morales and Schulte, 1993)
* *Leucostethus jota* Marín-Castaño *et al*., 2018
* *Leucostethus ramirezi* (Rivero and Serna, 2000)
* *Leucostethus siapida* Grant and Bolívar-García, 2021
* *Leucostethus yaguara* (Rivero and Serna, 1991)

## References
Kailer Yamamoto

**Kailer Yamamoto** (born September 29, 1998) is an American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Utah Hockey Club of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Edmonton Oilers and Seattle Kraken.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Yamamoto played parts of 3 seasons with the Spokane Chiefs of the Western Hockey League (WHL). During his time with the Chiefs, Yamamoto would be named to the Western Conference Second All-Star Team. On October 31, 2016, Yamamoto was named the Player of the Week in the WHL.

He was drafted 22nd overall by the Edmonton Oilers in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft.  On October 4, 2017, Yamamoto made his NHL debut in a 3–0 win against the rival Calgary Flames. On October 18, 2018, Yamamoto scored his first NHL goal in a  3–2 overtime win against the Boston Bruins. Yamamoto would sign a two-year, $3.1 million per year contract to stay with the Oilers on August 4, 2022.

On June 29, 2023, the Oilers traded Yamamoto along with Klim Kostin to the Detroit Red Wings. He would not play for them as the Red Wings would buy out his contract after putting him on waivers.

On July 2, Yamamoto signed a one-year, $1.5 million to join the Seattle Kraken. By doing this, he became the first in-state player in the team's history.

On October 6, 2024, Yamamoto signed a 1-year, 2-way contract to join the Utah Hockey Club.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Georges Elhedery

**Georges Bahjat Elhedery** (born March 5, 1974) is a Lebanese banker, engineer and executive. On September 2, 2024, he replaced Noel Quinn as chief executive officer (CEO) of the HSBC Group.

## Biography
Elhedery was born in Beirut, Lebanon in 1974. He grew up there. His father worked in a retail bank. His mother was a teacher. Years later, Elhedery's family moved to France. He studied engineering at the Polytechnic School of Paris, the main engineering university in France. During his studies, Elhedery interned on the trading floor of a French bank.

After graduating from university, Elhedery received a postgraduate master's degree in Statistics and Economics at the National Institute of Statistics and Management (ENSAE). Later, he worked at BNP Paribas and Goldman Sachs in London. Before leaving Goldman Sachs, he was head of structural interest rates and inflation operations in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

## Career
### HSBC
From 2016 to 2019, Elhedery was the CEO of HSBC in the Middle East, Africa and Turkey. In March 2019, he became worldwide head of capital markets. In December 2019, Elhedery became co-head of global banking and capital markets, responsible for HSBC's investment banking business. He and another co-director, Greg Guyett, were appointed by the group's chief executive, Noel Quinn, to take over in order to improve some of HSBC's less successful global businesses in the last few years. 

### CEO
In July 2024, HSBC announced that Elhedery was appointed as the group's new CEO. He replaced Noel Quinn, who retired. Elhedery eventually took over on 2 September.

## Personal life
Elhedery speaks Arabic, French, English, German and Spanish. He also learned some Mandarin. He is a snowboarder. He has a pilot's license.

## References
Jakob Wolfensberger

**Jakob Wolfensberger** (21 April 1933 – 2 November 2021) was a Swiss archer. Wolfensberger competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## References
Chen Szu-yuan

**Chen Szu-yuan** (born 7 February 1981) is an archer from the Republic of China. Chen competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics.

## References
HSBC Tower

**HSBC Tower** is a 45 floor skyscraper in Canary Wharf, London. The building is the global headquarters of HSBC Holdings. It houses around 8,000 people, including staff and officials.

The tower was designed by the architectural team Sir Norman Foster. Construction began in 1999 and was completed in 2002. There are 42 floors in the 200 meters (656 ft) tall tower, the third largest in the United Kingdom (along with the Citigroup Centre) after the neighboring One Canada Square (popularly known as the Canary Wharf Tower) and The Shard. In April 2007, it became the first building in Britain to be sold for more than £1 billion. 

The tower was sold to the Spanish property company Metrovacesa. On December 5, 2008, HSBC Holdings took back ownership of its headquarters in Canary Wharf from Metrovacesa for £838 million, with a loss of £250 million for the Spanish company.
## Floors 
## Renovations
In early 2013, the tower underwent significant renovation work relating to the installation of new signage, replacing both the embedded lettering and hexagons within the glass panels across all four sides.   

This work was carried out by contractors Tara Signs, who engineered and installed the new signage. The project was finished in late 2014.https://tarasigns.com/casestudy/hsbc-canary-wharf/https://tarasigns.com/2020/06/supersized-letter-signage/ 

The now current signage uses a specially formulated LED enhancing Polycarbonate, giving the appearance of black lettering during the day, and illuminated white during the night. 

Lighting behind the tiles were also replaced from fluorescent tube lighting to LED, although rarely used.   

As of 2018, the HSBC logo installed on the tower is now out-of-date, displaying the previously used font and positioning of the hexagon.https://web.archive.org/web/20240117215730/https://www.hitouch.com/en/news-detail-2626.html The signage will probably not be updated, as HSBC will leave the building in 2027.

## References
Karina Garcia

**Karina Garcia** (born 1985/1986) She was raised in California and New York City. She became politically active at the age of 17, she founded a women’s rights organization at her high school. During her time in college, she went on a speaking tour, talking to students across about politics in California.

## Career and activism 
Garcia is known for her feminist and pro-immigration activism. She identifies as a socialist. She was an organizer for the Women Organized to Resist & Defend (WORD) and attended several anti-war rallies in Washington, D.C.. 

Garcia has been critical of the two-party system in the United States and of the policies of both Republican and Democratic Parties. She also advocated against landlord abuse, police brutality, wage theft and supported student financial aide.

After graduating from Columbia University, Garcia became a math teacher in New York City. Garcia is a founder of the Justice Center en El Barrio in New York City.

### 2024 vice presidential campaign 
In September 2023, Garcia announced her candidacy for Vice President of the United States as the running mate of activist Claudia De la Cruz's presidential campaign. In January 2024, Garcia was officially confirmed as the Party for Socialism and Liberation's nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2024 presidential election.

The De la Cruz-Garcia campaign promises to support reparations for African Americans, push for a single-payer healthcare system, end all U.S aid to Israel, forgive all student loan debt, fully recognize Native American sovereignty, cut the U.S. military budget by 90%, take control of the 100 largest corporations, expand public transportation, and use taxation to end billionaires.

In July 2024, Garcia campaigned for De la Cruz in Tucson, Arizona where she spoke out against nuclear war and supported actions against climate change.

## References 
## Other websites
* 2024 presidential campaign website
* Karina Garcia on C-SPAN
* Presidential and vice presidential campaign launch
The Dogs of War (movie)

***The Dogs of War*** is a 1980 British American war movie directed by first time movie director John Irvin and was based on the 1974 novel of the same name by Frederick Forsyth. It stars Christopher Walken, Tom Berenger, Colin Blakely, JoBeth Williams, Paul Freeman, Hugh Millais, Hugh Quarshie, David Schofield, Ed O'Neill and Jim Broadbent. It was distributed by United Artists.

## Other websites
* 
*
Typhoon Abby (1983)

**Typhoon Abby** known in the Philippines as **Typhoon Diding** was significant meteorological event that impacted parts of East Asia in 1983 forming in the Western Pacific Ocean.

Typhoon Abby was the first typhoon of the 1983 Pacific typhoon season.

## Meteorological history 
Typhoon Abby made widespread flooding across Japan.
Japanese aircraft carrier Shōhō

**Shōhō**, was a small aircraft carrier used by the Japanese Navy during World War II. An aircraft carrier is a big ship that carries airplanes so they can take off and land at sea. Shōhō was not originally built as a carrier; it started out in the late 1930s as a support ship for submarines called Tsurugizaki, which means “Sword Cape.” Before the war in the Pacific began, the Japanese changed the ship into an aircraft carrier and gave it the new name Shōhō.

The ship was finished in early 1942 and soon joined Japan’s attack on New Guinea in a mission called Operation MO, which aimed to capture a place called Port Moresby. On May 7, during its first battle in the Coral Sea, American airplanes attacked and sank Shōhō. This made Shōhō the very first Japanese aircraft carrier to be sunk during World War II.

Meaning of name, Shōhō: It means “auspicious Phoenix” or “happy Phoenix” in Japanese.

## References
*
*
*
*
* 
*
*
Humpback anglerfish

The **humpback anglerfish** (*Melanocetus johnsonii*) is an anglerfish belonging to the family Melanocetidae. It is a resident of the bathypelagic zone. It was found and named after James Yate Johnson.

## Description
The humpback anglerfish ranges from Van Dyke brown to a black color. They have a bioluminescent organ called an "esca" on their heads (it is only for females). They have spherical bodies and sharp teeth.

## Habitat
### Depths
These demonic-looking fish can live (660 and 4,920 ft) deep.

### Distribution
They do not only live in the deepest depths – they are also distributed in the South China and the East China Sea.

## Gallery

File:FMIB 47111 Melanocetus johnsonii.jpeg|Illustration
File:Hal - Melanocetus johnsonii - 3.jpg|Model
File:Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899 (Tafel 15) (7413862480).jpg|A list of deep-sea animals, including the humpback anglerfish

## References
Black seadevil

The **black seadevils** are a genus of anglerfish that live in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Only one species, *M. rossi*, lives in the Ross Sea.

## Description 
These fish are called "black seadevils" because of their vicious-looking appearance, which is signified by their sharp teeth. They have round bodies and a bioluminescent appendage.

## Species 
The genus contains 6 species:

* *Melanocetus eustalus* Pietsch & Van Duzer, 1980
* *Melanocetus johnsonii* Günther, 1864 (Humpback anglerfish)
* *Melanocetus murrayi* Günther, 1887 (Murray's abyssal anglerfish)
* *Melanocetus niger* Regan, 1925
* *Melanocetus polyactis* Regan, 1925
* *Melanocetus rossi* Balushkin & Fedorov, 1981 (Ross Sea anglerfish)

## Gallery 

File:Melanocetus murrayi (Murrays abyssal anglerfish).jpg|*Melanocetus murrayi*
File:BMC - Melanocetidae-Melanocetus.eustales.jpg|*Melanocetus eustalus*
File:Humpback anglerfish.png|*Melanocetus johnsonii*

## References 
# Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus *Melanocetus*". *FishBase*. April 2012 version.
# Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Melanocetus johnsonii*, Humpback anglerfish" . *FishBase*. 2015 version.
# "Elusive Black Seadevil gets close up".

## Other websites 
* Black Seadevils, iNaturalist
1922 Women's World Games – 60 metres

The **60 metres** event at the 1922 Women's World Games took place in Paris at the Stade Pershing on 20 August 1922.  Eight athletes from four nations participated in the 100 yards.

Czechoslovak Marie Mejzlikova II won the final in a time of 7.6 seconds, ahead of the British women Mary Lines and Nora Callebout.

## Results
### Heats
The heats consisted of two series, where best two athletes of each heat continued to the final.

#### Heat 1
#### Heat 2
Source:

### Final
Source:

## References
## Other websites
*Newspaper image of the final
Melanocetus rossi

***Melanocetus rossi*** is a species of black seadevil that lives in the Ross Sea.

## References 
# Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Melanocetus rossi*". *FishBase*. June 2016 version.
Melanocetus murrayi

***Melanocetus murrayi***, also called the '''Murray's abyssal anglerfish''', is an anglerfish in the family Melanocetidae. It can live 2000 m (6,600 ft) deep.

## Description 
Females can reach 13.5 cm (5 in). For males, however, they're shorter, only reaching 2.8 cm (1.1 in) long. Just like all anglerfish, the females have a bioluminescent organ called an esca.

## Related pages 
* Humpback anglerfish

## References 
# Arnold, R. (2015). "*Melanocetus murrayi*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*.
Lasiognathus amphirhamphus

***Lasiognathus amphirhamphus*** is a species of anglerfish in the genus *Lasiognathus* of the family Thaumatichthyidae.

## Related pages 
* Lasiognathus saccostoma
* Lasiognathus beebei

## References
Hyloxalus chocoensis

The **Choco rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus chocoensis*) is a frog.  It lives in  Panama and Colombia.

## Home
People have seen this frog in places where there is water in the air, but scientists are not sure if this is the only kind of place it can live. People have seen this frog between 70 and 805 meters above sea level.

## Young
Scientists think this frog has young the same way other frogs in *Hyloxalus* do: The female frog lays eggs on dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out because people change the place where it lives to make farms and get wood to build with. Scientists also think fish from other parts of the world could kill this frog.

## References
Typhoon Angela

**Typhoon Angela** known in the Philippines as **Typhoon Rosing** stands out of one of the most catastrophic tropical cyclones to have impacted Southeast Asia particularly the Philippines during the 1995 Pacific Typhoon season.
Lasiognathus

*]]
***Lasiognathus*** is a genus of anglerfish in the family Thaumatichthyidae.

## Species 
* *Lasiognathus amphirhamphus* Pietsch, 2005
* *Lasiognathus beebei* Regan & Trewavas, 1932
* *Lasiognathus dinema* Pietsch & T. T. Sutton, 2015 
* *Lasiognathus intermedius* Bertelsen & Pietsch, 1996
* *Lasiognathus saccostoma* Regan, 1925
* *Lasiognathus waltoni* Nolan & Rosenblatt, 1975

## References 
# Nolan, R.S.; Rosenblatt, R.H. (1975). "A Review of the Deep-Sea Angler Fish Genus *Lasiognathus* (Pisces: Thaumatichthyidae)". *Copeia''.
Telekura

**Telekura** is an abbreviation for telephone clubs. They are a type of dating service that involves a man paying to use a phone in a booth to talk to women on the other end. Rooms also had boxes of tissues included. This usually ended up in the date ending in sexual intercourse. These types of clubs were popular in the 1990s.

There is also a more recent version of clubs called **Merukura**  where the users will send each other emails.

Some of these clubs were used for prostitution and they were banned through the Businesses Affecting Public Morals Regulation Act in some parts of Japan because of this.

## References
1922 Women's World Games – 100 yards hurdles

The **100 yards hurdles** event at the 1922 Women's World Games took place in Paris at the Stade Pershing on 20 August 1922. Eight athletes from four nations participated in the 100 yards hurdles.

During the heats, the American Batson won the first heat in a new world record. Batson, nursing and injured ankle, hit in the final a hurdle and was forced to stop.

#### Heat 1
#### Heat 2
Source:

### Final
Source:

## References
Thaumatichthyidae

*]]
The **Thaumatichthyidae**, also called the **wolftrap anglers**, are a family of anglerfish consisting of two genera: *Lasiognathus* and *Thaumatichthys*. Their maxillae can form a prison cell-like trap.

## Genera 
* *Lasiognathus* Regan, 1925
* *Thaumatichthys* Smith & Radcliffe, 1912

## Gallery 

File:Thaumatichthys.JPG|*Thaumatichthys pagidostomus*
File:Lasiognathus beebei.JPG|*Lasiognathus beebei*
File:Lasiognathus saccostoma.JPG|*Lasiognathus saccostoma*
File:BMC - Thaumatichthyidae-Thaumatichthys.binghami.jpg|*Thaumatichthys binghami*

, including *Lasiognathus amphirhamphus* and *Thaumatichthys binghami*]]

## References 
# Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Thaumatichthyidae". *FishBase''. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
Adrienne Lyle

**Adrienne Lyle** (born January 2, 1985) is an American Olympic dressage rider. She was in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. She was 37th place. She was also in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. She won a silver medal there. After being in the Grand Prix Freestyle at the 2020 Olympics, she went out from the competition. This was because she was worried about her horse named Salvino.

## Career 
In 2014, Lyle was picked to be at the 2014 FEI World Equestrian Games in Normandy. The United States was fourth place in team dressage.

She was also at the 2018 FEI World Equestrian Games. She was part of the American team which placed second in the team event, earning the silver medal in the team event.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Adrienne Lyle at US Equestrian
Plaxton Expressliner

]]

The name **Plaxton Expressliner** or **National Expressliner** can mean one of three designs of coach built by Plaxton for National Express use:

* The first Expressliner was a Plaxton Paramount III 3500 for National Express use, It didn't have a rear window and it had the National Express logo.
* The Expressliner II was a Plaxton Premiere 350, The side windows were higher up and it had the National Express logo.
* The Paragon Expressliner is a Plaxton Paragon.
Tareq Khouri

**Tareq Khouri** (; 1 December 1967 in Amman) is a Jordanian businessman and former president of Al-Wehdat SC. He is a deputy to the Parliament of Jordan.

## References
Puthiba

**Puthiba** (), also known as **Lai Puthiba,** **Lainingthou Puthiba,** **Ibudhou Puthiba**, is a deity of traditional Meitei religion, mainly worshipped in the Indian states of Manipur and Tripura. He is one of the most important traditional Meitei deities, honored by the Meitei people in Tripura. He is one of the Umang Lai deities in the Meitei pantheon.

"Puthiba" is also another name of god Khoriphaba, who is another Meitei deity.

## History 
According to the Loiyumpa Silyel, an 11th-12th century Meitei language written Constitution, god Puthiba was used to be worshipped by the Meitei people of the "Puthem" family.

In 1684, a ritual dedicated to God Lai Puthiba was conducted at ancestral shrines in times of insufficient rainfall, rituals.

## Cult 
Puthiba is an Umang Lai deity worshipped in the Phayeng region of Manipur. The local community observes the Lai Haraoba festival dedicated to Puthiba during the Meitei lunar month of Hiyangei (November–December). This is distinct from the Lai Haraoba held in the month of Mera (October–November), which is dedicated to the deity Koubru.

Puthiba is a deity venerated in times of insufficient rainfall, rituals were performed to seek divine intervention.

## Festivals 
In January 2022, the five-day Laining-thou Puthiba Lai Haraoba festival concluded at Puthiba Devata Bari in Abhoynagar, Agartala. The closing ceremony was attended by Tripura Chief Minister Biplab Kumar Deb and Tribal Welfare Minister Mevar Kumar Jamatia. The event was organized by the Puthiba Lai Haraoba Committee.
During the event, Chief Minister Biplab Kumar Deb and Tribal Welfare Minister Mevar Kumar Jamatia noted the historical and cultural connections between Tripura and Manipur, stating that festivals such as Laining-thou Puthiba Lai Haraoba serve to reinforce inter-state relations.

## Related pages 
* Poireiton
* Panam Ningthou
* Ningthou Puthiba
* Pureiromba

## Notes 
## References
1922 Women's World Games – 300 metres

The **300 meters** event at the 1922 Women's World Games took place in Paris at the Stade Pershing on 20 August 1922. The heats took place during the morning session and the final during the afternoon session.

British Mary Lines won the final in a time of 44.8 seconds, ahead of the British Alice Cast and French Germaine Darreau.

## Results
### Heats
The heats consisted of two series, where best two athletes of each heat continued to the final.

### Final
Source:

## References
## Other websites
*Newspaper image of the final
J. D. Mesnard

**Javan Daniel “J. D.” Mesnard** (born May 15, 1980) is an American politician. He is a member of the Arizona State Senate and was a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.

## References
List of United States State Legislatures

This is a **list of state legislatures** in the United States. All of them are bicameral, except for Nebraska.

## States 
This table is correct before the 2024 United States state legislature elections, when it will change next.

## Territories 
## References
Alabama House of Representatives

The **Alabama House of Representatives** is the lower house of the Alabama, Alabama’s legislature.  There are 105 people in the House, one for each of the 105 districts. The House of Representatives meets at the Alabama State House in Montgomery. The Alabama House is one of 5 state legislatures that is elected every 4 years. Most lower houses of legislatures are elected every 2 years.

## Leadership
The Speaker of the House is the leader of the House and serves as its chair.  The Speaker also handles legislation and puts representatives on committees.  The Speaker is chosen by the majority party and then elected by the entire House.  Other House leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their party's members.

## References
Old Mongol

**Old Mongol** is the hypothetical ancestor language of the modern Mongolic languages. It is very close to the Mid Mongol, the language spoken at the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. Most features of modern Mongolic languages can thus be shown to descend from Middle Mongol. An exception would be the Common Mongolic pluritative voice suffix *-cAgA-* 'do together', which can be reconstructed from the modern languages but is not attested in Mid Mongol.
 
According to Juha Janhunen in his book *The Mongolic Languages*, "[b]y definition Old Mongol was spoken at a time when the differentiation in the present-day Mongolic languages had not yet begun", meaning that it was spoken before there were different Mongolic languages, so it can be concluded that all Mongolic languages descend from Old Mongol.

 
Regarding the precise time period when Old Mongol was spoken, Janhunen writes: "The absolute dating of Old Mongol depends on when, exactly, the linguistic unity of its speakers ended", meaning Old Mongol evolved into other Mongolic languages; this event took place "only after the geographical dispersal of the ancient Mongols under Chinggis Khan", which was "not earlier than the thirteenth century." As a result, "[t]his means that the present-day differences between the Mongolic languages are likely to be the result of less than 800 years of divergent evolution."

## References