open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Savior (Rise Against song)

"**Savior**" is a hit single from the American punk rock band Rise Against's 2008 fifth studio album *Appeal to Reason*. It was released as the album's third single on June 3, 2009, and it peaked at number three on *Billboard*s Alternative Songs chart, better than the peak set by the same album's first single, Re-Education (Through Labor), and at number seven on the Rock Songs chart. It became the band's second single to reach the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, peaking at number 16.  It is also Rise Against's highest charting single on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles, peaking at number 2.

The song is downloadable, plus content for the Rock Band series along with "Prayer of the Refugee" and "Re-Education (Through Labor)". Also, in the trailer for the PC game *The Sims 3: Ambitions* the song plays in the background in Simlish.

## References
Tropical Storm Mekkhala (2008)

**Tropical Storm Mekkhala** (internationally called: ***0816***, JTWC designation: ***20W***) was the 16th Tropical Storm of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season by the Japan Meteorological Agency who are the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre for the North Western Pacific Ocean. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) have also recognised Mekkhala as the 20th tropical depression, and the 18th tropical storm of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season. Tropical Storm Mekkhala formed off the coast of China on September 25, 2008.

## References
Picture book

with his family, from *The Tale of Peter Rabbit* by Beatrix Potter, 1902]]
A **picture book** is a book that combines words and pictures to tell a story. They are usually for young children to read. The pictures are illustrations that show different parts of the story. The written part of the book is often short and basic, using words that a child can understand.

The earliest illustrated book made for children was *Orbis Pictus* by John Amos Comenius. It was published in 1658. One of the earliest picture books in English was Lewis Carroll's ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' from 1866. The drawings in it were done by John Tenniel. Beatrix Potter's *The Tale of Peter Rabbit* was published in 1902. Potter did all her own illustrations, which are watercolour paintings. Some of the best-known picture books are *Make Way for Ducklings*, *The Cat in the Hat*, and *Where the Wild Things Are*.
Physical Graffiti

***Physical Graffiti*** is the sixth album from rock band Led Zeppelin. It was released on February 24 1975 as a double album. This is the first double album the band released, and the songs were recorded over many years, some were old songs that they did not use for other albums, and some were new ones made for this album. The album was very popular with both critics and fans, and it still is, it has one of their most well known songs, the Arab-sounding "Kashmir". The band had a big tour when the album was released, they played concerts in Europe,the US and ended the touring in May 1975 with five concerts at Earl's Court in London. Some of the songs from their London concerts are on their 2003 DVD.

## Song listing 
## References
## Other websites 
Official website
David Lange

**David Lange** (4 August 1942—13 August 2005) was the Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989.

## Early life
Lange was born in Otahuhu, Auckland. In 1954, he went to a political meeting which made him want to go into politics. After his father was charged with indecent assault, he decided that he would become a solicitor. After finishing school at Otahuhu College, he went to Auckland University to study law in 1960, and graduated in 1966.

In 1967, he was working as a barrister and solicitor in New Zealand. He took over a legal practice in Kaikohe in 1968. He married Naomi Crampton in 1968. He completed his Master of Laws with Honours in 1970. In 1975, he tried to get a seat in Parliament, but again was unsuccessful. A third attempt in 1977 was successful and he won the seat of Mangere. He held this seat until he left politics in 1996. His first speech in the parliament was very successful and he was seen as a possible leader of the Labor Party. In 1979 he was made the Deputy Leader, and in 1982 Lange was made the leader. When the Labor Party won the elections in 1984, David Lange became Prime Minister of New Zealand.

While he was prime minister, Lange passed a policy in 1985 to not let nuclear-armed ships into New Zealand waters.

He resigned in 1989. He and his wife Naomi separated in the same year after 21 years of marriage. Lange married Margret Pope in 1992.

## References 
## Further reading
**My Life* by David Lange, 2005, Viking, Auckland NZ, 
* David Lange Memorial Trust Website
Igor Shpilband

**Igor Shpilband** (, born July 1964) is a former Soviet ice dancer and current ice dancing coach of Scott Moir and Tessa Virtue, who won the gold medal for ice dancing at the 2010 Winter Olympics.

## Personal life
Shpilband was born in Moscow, Soviet Union. He defected to the United States in January 1990  with Veronica Pershina, Gorsha Sur, and Elena Krikanova and went to live with Lucile Begrow in Huntington Woods, Michigan for a few months. Shpilband became a United States citizen in 2000.

He was married to Veronica Pershina.  Their daughter Ekaterina Shpilband is also an ice skater.

## Competitive & coaching career
He won the 1983 World Junior Figure Skating Championships with his partner Tatiana Gladkova. They were coached by Ludmila Pakhomova. Shpilband  from competitive skating after Ludmila died in 1986.

He worked as a coach at the Detroit Skating Club when he came to the US. He later began coaching in Canton, Michigan.

## References
Asian emerald cuckoo

The **Asian emerald cuckoo**  is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family.

It lives in Southeast Asia, in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The Asian emerald cuckoo is a protected animal in Malaysia.  
Its scientific name is *Chrysococcyx maculatus*.

This bird is not in the Cuculinae subfamily, and so it is not a nest parasite. They raise their own young, like most birds.  Emerald cuckoos lay eggs in a nest built by the parents.

## Other websites
* Google search
Key lime pie

**Key lime pie** is an American dessert made of key lime juice, egg yolks, and sweetened condensed milk in a pie crust. One version uses the egg whites and has a meringue topping. The dish is named after key limes (*Citrus aurantifolia* 'Swingle'), but it is sometimes made with other types of lime. 

The filling in key lime pie is yellow, mostly because of the egg yolks. When it is being mixed, the condensed milk and the acidic lime juice react and make the filling become thick. Many early recipes for key lime pie did not tell the cook to bake the pie because they used this reaction to make the filling thick. Today, because of food safety, the pies are often baked for a short time. The baking thickens the filling even more.

## References
Molecular evolution

**Molecular evolution** is the process of evolution in DNA, RNA, and proteins. 

Molecular evolution emerged as a scientific field in the 1960s as researchers from molecular biology, evolutionary biology and population genetics sought to understand the structure and function of nucleic acids and protein. Some of the key topics have been the evolution of enzyme function, the use of nucleic acid changes as a molecular clock to study species divergence, and the origin of non-functional or junk DNA. 

Recent advances in genomics, including whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics have led to a dramatic increase in studies on the topic. In the 2000s, the role of gene duplication, the extent of adaptive molecular evolution versus neutral genetic drift, and the identification of molecular changes responsible for various human characteristics especially those pertaining to infection, disease, and cognition.

## Molecular study of phylogeny 
Molecular systematics is the process of using data on the DNA, RNA, or proteins to resolve questions in phylogeny and taxonomy. The idea is to place groups in their correct position on the evolutionary tree. This corrects their biological classification from the point of view of evolution. The technique has already led to major changes in the taxonomy of living things, including the names for higher categories, which had been stable for well over a century.

Molecular systematics has been made possible by techniques for sequence analysis. This gives the exact sequence of nucleotides or bases in either DNA or RNA. At present it is still expensive to sequence the entire genome of an organism, but it has been done for over 100 species.

## References
Strawberry

A **strawberry** is a short plant  belonging to the wild strawberry genus of the rose family.It is a widely cultivated hybrid species of the genus *Fragaria.*The name strawberry  refers both to the plant and to its sweet, edible fruit.The fruit is popular for its pleasant flavor and also used to describe flavors that taste like it. 

The true fruit of the strawberry plant are the tiny "seeds" on the surface.What we call the strawberry fruit is actually the swollen ,sweet part of the plants stem surrounding the real fruit, which contains the seeds.Despites it's name,the strawberry are is not a true berry. 

The modern strawberry is a hybrid of two wild strawberry species.It was first cultivated in the 1750's.

## Name
The Latin name of the strawberry used in science is '**× **'. '** is the name of the genus of "strawberry-like" plants. The × mark means that it is a hybrid, a mix of two other species. The Latin name **' says the hybrid is "pineapple-like". The strawberry is sometimes called the "**gardenstrawberry**" so that people don't mix it up with the other wild strawberries of the genus ''''.

The name is a bit misleading and is special to English. The other Germanic languages do not have a name like it. No one is really sure where the name came from. The plant is not a kind of straw, and its fruit is not really a berry.

## History
People have eaten different kinds of wild strawberries for thousands of years. Today's bigger strawberry was first made around Brest in Brittany (northwest France) in the 1750s. It was made by joining the Virginia strawberry from eastern North America to the European Hautbois and the Chilean strawberry from western South America.

## Farming
Most strawberries are grown on farms. Strawberry farmers often have bees in hives. The bees pollinate the strawberries.

Strawberry stems are called runners. They grow above ground. They are a type of stolon.

## Fruit
The real fruit of the strawberries are the achenes, which people usually think of as the little seeds around the outside of the larger red "fruit". This kind of fruit, where different ovaries grow into a single larger "fruit", is called an "aggregate fruit". 

Strawberries are rich in vitamin C and manganese.

## Related pages
* Wild strawberry

## References
## Other websites
*
Asana

**Asana** is a body position in Yoga. It can mean where a person sits, and the way that they sit. It helps to balance the mind and body. It is meant to be firm, yet comfortable.

All the many different body positions in Yoga are *Asana*s:  they all have their own names and every name ends with  *asana*, such as sav*asana* (correct lying). Many have names of animals, such as bujang*asana* (cobra). Others have names that describe the position, such as shirsh*asana* (head).
Molecular clock

The **molecular clock** is the figurative term for a technique which estimates when two taxa diverged in evolution. It is based on comparing the detailed structure of key molecules. The method may be done for species, or any high data used for such calculations is often nucleotide sequences in genome analysis, or amino acid sequences for proteins such as haemoglobin. It is sometimes called a *gene clock* or *evolutionary clock*.

## Issues 
The key assumption behind the technique is that, in the long run, changes in molecular structure happen at a steady rate.
Researchers such as Ayala have challenged this assumption. According to Ayala, these factors combine to limit the application of molecular clock models:

*Changing generation times: a mutation generally becomes fixed only from one generation to another. The shorter this timespan is, the more mutations can become fixed.
*Population size: apart from effects of small population size, genetic diversity will "bottom out" as populations become larger, and the fitness advantage of any one mutation becomes smaller.
*Species-specific differences due to differing metabolism, ecology, evolutionary history, etc.

Nevertheless, the method is now used widely in taxonomy and phylogeny.

## References
Phylogeny

A **phylogeny** is a proposal of how organisms are related by their evolutionary history.p336 It is based on the evidence that all living things are related by common descent. The evidence for phylogeny  comes from palaeontology, comparative anatomy, and DNA sequence analysis.

The main product of **phylogenetics** is a **phylogenetic tree** or tree of life. This is a diagram showing a pattern of ancestor/descendent relationships. Information may be related to geological periods or estimated dates. A biological classification is another type of product. 

## References
Riverina

The **Riverina** () is a large farming area in the south west of New South Wales, Australia. It has flat plains, warm to hot climate and a large supply of water for irrigation. This has allowed the Riverina to become one of the most productive and agriculturally varied areas of Australia. With the state of Victoria to the south, and the mountains of the Great Dividing Range to the east, the Riverina covers those areas of New South Wales in the Murray and Murrumbidgee river systems.

The Riverina has been home to Aboriginal groups for over 40,000 years. It was first settled by Europens in the mid-19th century as a pastoral region growing beef and wool for markets in Australia and overseas. In the 20th century, the building of major irrigation areas in the Murray and Murrumbidgee valleys has led to the introduction of crops such as rice and grapes. The Riverina has strong links to Victoria, and the region was the source of much of the push behind the federation of Australian colonies.

The major cities and towns in the Riverina include Wagga Wagga, Albury and Griffith. Albury and Wagga Wagga are home to campuses of Charles Sturt University. Wagga Wagga is home to two major Australian Defence Force bases.

## Geography 
's nest on The Old Man Plain, a large saltbush plain between Hay and Wanganella]]

The area of the Riverina region is not fixed, but it usually includes the farming and pastoral areas of New South Wales, west of the Great Dividing Range and in the drainage basin of the snow-fed Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers. The north edge of the Riverina is the Lachlan River catchment area known as the Central West. Along the Murray to the south, the Riverina border is the state of Victoria. West of where the Murray and Murrumbidgee meet, is the beginning of the drier Far West region.

In general, the Riverina is an alluvial plain formed by soil carried from the Great Dividing Range by streams between 30,000 and 15,000 years ago. The landscape includes rolling hills to the east but then becomes flatter to the west with most of that plain reaching less than  above sea level. The western Riverina is mainly flat saltbush plain.

### Landforms and water 
 over the Murrumbidgee River at Wagga Wagga The new Wiradjuri Bridge is in the background.]]
The geology of the Riverina has several troughs and sedimentary basins. The western Riverina is thought to be the end of the Ballarat and Bendigo geological zone. The eastern part is over the top of the western part of the Lachlan Fold Belt. It is possible that the Riverina has mineral deposits including coal, petroleum, coal seam methane, gypsum, gold, Cobar style polymetallic systems, heavy mineral sands and possibly diamonds in these fold belt rocks and basins. Riverina soils are generally sandy along the rivers, with more saline grey and brown clays found on rarely flooded areas on the edge of the floodplain. As the Murrumbidgee flows downstream, the water and soil become more saline.

## References
Giant Gippsland earthworm

The **giant Gippsland earthworm** (*Megascolides australis*) is one of Australia's 1,000 native earthworm species. These Giant earthworms average at 100 cm long and 2&nbsp;cm in diameter and can reach 3 m in length. It is difficult to measure length, as the worms will stretch, so scientists use weight to estimate the size. The average weight of a fresh adult worm is about 200 grams. They have a dark purple head and a blue-gray body.

The worms are found in the Bass River Valley of South Gippsland, near Korumburra and Warragul. They are only found in a small area, of about 100,000 hectares. They live in small pockets of blue-grey clay close to water. They live in burrows about 500mm deep, and can burrow as deep as 1.5m.

The habitat the worms used to live in was tall eucalypt forests. Most of this has been cleared for farming, but the worms have continued to survive because they live deep underground. They have been listed a vulnerable species because of these changes. The worms only lay a single egg, between 4-7cm in size. These can take up to one year to hatch, and the worms take several years to become adults, and be able to reproduce. This slow rate of growth, also makes them a vulnerable species.

## References
Himalayan snowcock

The **Himalayan snowcock** (*Tetraogallus himalayensis*)  is a snowcock in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds.
Snow partridge

The **snow partridge** (*Lerwa lerwa*) is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds.
Tibetan sandgrouse

The ** Tibetan sandgrouse** (*Syrrhaptes tibetanus*) is a large bird in the sandgrouse family. This species breeds on the dry stony plateaus in Tibet and neighbouring parts of central Asia.
Western tragopan

The **western tragopan** or **western horned tragopan** (*Tragopan melanocephalus*) is a medium-sized brightly plumaged pheasant found along the Himalayas.
Red-necked grebe

The **red-necked grebe** (*Podiceps grisegena*) is an aquatic bird that is found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. It breeds in small lakes and flies to the coast to spend the winter at sea. It is mostly grey, with a red neck in summer which also turns grey in the winter. The bill is dark, with a yellow patch at the base.
Horned grebe

The **horned grebe** or **Slavonian grebe** (*Podiceps auritus*) - *Podiceps*: Latin for *podicis* (rump) and *pedis* (foot), referring to the placement of the legs on its body; *auritus*: Latin for *eared* - is a member of the grebe family of water birds. It inhabits Eurasia and North America.

## References
Black-necked grebe

The **black-necked grebe** (*Podiceps nigricollis*), known in North America as the **eared grebe**, is a member of the grebe family (biology) of water birds. It occurs on every continent except Australia and Antarctica.

## References
Jouanin's petrel

'''Jouanin's petrel'* (*Bulweria fallax'') is a seabird in the Procellariidae family. It is present in the northwest Indian Ocean and south Arabian Sea.

It is native to Oman, Somalia and Yemen. Its natural habitats are open seas and shallow seas. It has been recorded breeding on Socotra.

## References
Flesh-footed shearwater

The **Flesh-footed Shearwater**, *Puffinus carneipes*, is a small shearwater. Its plumage is black. It has pale pinkish feet, and a pale bill with a black tip.
Wedge-tailed shearwater

The **wedge-tailed shearwater** (*Puffinus pacificus*) is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae.
Himalayan monal

The **Himalayan monal** (*Lophophorus impejanus*), also known as the **Impeyan monal** or **pheasant**, is a bird in the pheasant family, Phasianidae.  Its discoverer, Latham, wrote in his *General History of Birds* (1821): "[the monal] inhabits India, but is not common, being brought from the hills in the northern parts of Hindustan to Calcutta, as a rarity. Lady Impey attempted, with great prospect of success, to bring some of them to England, but after living on board for two months they caught a disorder from the other poultry, and died".

It is the national bird of Nepal, where it is known as the **danphe** (or Danfe), and is mentioned frequently in Nepali songs. It is also the state bird of Uttarakhand, India. In Kashmir, it is the state/regional bird of the disputed territory.

## Description 
The Himalayan monal is a relatively large-sized pheasant. The males of this species look quite different from the females of the species. The male Himalayan monals have bright and colorful feathers of blue, green, purple, and red. They have a white patch of feathers underneath the base of their tail, but the rest of their underside is black. The males also have a crest (several feathers) on top of their heads. Both the male and female of the species have blue circles of skin around their eyes. The females and the young birds (chicks) have an overall brown appearance. Their feathers also have white and black strips on certain parts. The females have a white throat.

The male chicks look like the females chicks until a little after a year when they begin to become more colorful. Before then you could tell the young male and females apart because of their larger size and black feathers, instead of white feathers, on the throat.

## Gallery

File:Himalayan Monal Osaka.jpg|Female (head)
File:Lophophorus impejanus Zoo DU 1.jpg|Male (head)
Lophophorus impejanus MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.10.1.jpg |Museum specimen

## References
## Other websites
* ARKive 
* Animal Diversity Web
* BirdLife Species Factsheet 
* Catalogue of Life 
* CITES
* Galliforms and Pheasants 
* ITIS
* Tree of Life - Lophophorus
* National Center for Biotechnology Information
* UICN
Fedora

A **fedora** is a hat.  The name of the hat comes from a play called Fédora by Victorien Sardou, named after the main character. Popular in the early 20th century, it has become a stereotype for gangsters or private investigators (PIs).

They mainly come in black, sometimes with a band of coloured fabric around the rim.

Some people, such as Jack Abramoff and Richard W. Lariviere, become known for wearing fedoras.

## References
Population (statistics)

In statistics, a **population** is a set of things from which samples may be drawn. This allows statistical inferences to be drawn, or estimates made of the total population. For example, if we were interested in crows, then we would sample the set of crows which is of interest. The population of crows is limited to crows that exist now or in the future. Probably, geography will be a limitation in practice.  To fairly represent the whole population a sample needs to be random. 

Population is also used to refer to a set of measurements or values, not only cases actually observed. Suppose, for example, we are interested in the set of all adult crows now alive in the county of Cambridgeshire, and we want to know the mean weight of these birds. For each bird in the population of crows there is a weight, and the set of these weights is called the population of weights.
Biota

A **biota** is a term used for all the living things at a certain time at a certain place. Examples of biota include Cambrian biota and Madagascan biota. Because it includes all the living members of a given environment, the term is used especially in ecology. A similar term is biome, which is used to refer to geographical regions and environments. Tundra, for example, is a biome.

Flora, fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectively called biota.

## Related pages 
*Biome
*Fauna
*Flora
*Wildlife
Short-tailed shearwater

The **short-tailed shearwater** (*Ardenna tenuirostris*, formerly *Puffinus tenuirostris*) is a migratory seabird of the Procellariidae family. It breeds in Tasmania and south-eastern Australia. It can also be called **yolla** or **moonbird**, and is commonly known as the **muttonbird** in Australia.

## References
BOINC

**BOINC**, or The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing, is a software that allows any group or individual who wishes to run calculations in a distributed setting to setup a BOINC project website and server. Volunteers attach to one or more chosen projects and allow their computer's idle time to process the work. SETI, or Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence, is the most popular of the BOINC projects. SETI searches for radio signals from outer space that might be a sign of alien life and worlds. There are many BOINC projects that compete for volunteers. For example, it allows individuals to use their computer to find the structures of proteins, a cure for the disease malaria or the very structure of our galaxy, the Milky Way.

## BOINC projects
* World Community Grid — research on disease and its treatment. Web site 
* iThena — the goal of the project is to model the global Internet network as real as possible. Web site

## Other websites 
* Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing
Human Rights Campaign

The **Human Rights Campaign** is an organization that supports the rights of gay, bi-sexual or transgender men and women in the United States. They are the largest such group in the United States, with over 750,000 members and people who support them. The HRC works to ensure that the rights of these individuals are protected and respected throughout the United States. One issue that the HRC works on is to make sure that individuals have the right to marry people of the same sex if they want.

## Related pages 
*Human rights
*LGBT
*Declaration of Montreal
*Yogyakarta Principles

## References 
## Other websites 
* Human Rights Campaign — HRC's  website
Rachel Maddow

**Rachel Anne Maddow** (born April 1, 1973) is an American progressive female talk show host on the television network MSNBC, where she is the host of *The Rachel Maddow Show*. She is the first openly lesbian host of a primetime network news series.

## References
## Other websites
* Rachel Maddow official site
* Rachel Maddow Show  on MSNBC
* Rachel Maddow on Twitter
Elizabeth Dole

**Elizabeth Hanford Dole** (born July 29, 1936) was a United States Senator. She was the Secretary of Transportation in Ronald Reagan's administration and the US Secretary of Labor for George H.W. Bush. She is the widow of former Senator Bob Dole, who ran for president but did not win.

## References
British Home Guard

The **British Home Guard** was a defence organisation of the British Army during World War II. It was a secondary defence line. It was meant to stop invasion by Nazi forces.

The Home Guard existed from 1940 to 1944. It was composed of one and a half million volunteers who were otherwise not allowed to go into military service. The main reason for this was old age. This led to the nickname "Dad's Army". The Home Guard guarded the coastal areas of Britain from enemy threats, like paratroopers. They also helped guard some industrial areas, such as factories and airfields. It was widely popularised after the war by the comedy show ''Dad's Army*.

## History 
The beginning of the Home Guard are usually traced back to Captain Tom Wintringham. When returning from the Spanish Civil War, Wintringham wrote a book called *How To Reform The Army''. In it, he writes about how Britain could make something similar to the Spanish International Brigades in the Civil War. Although the book was well received, many of its suggestions were ignored at the time. This was because the tensions in Europe did not seem likely to escalate into war. 

Following a series of events, Anthony Eden, the Secretary of State for War at the time, gave a radio broadcast on 19 May 1940. He asked for volunteers to join the Local Defence Volunteers, as it was known in the start. It originally was given jobs that were not related to combat. It worked as a sort of 'armed police force'. However, after complaints from members, the government allowed it to "delay and obstruct" the enemy advance. This was putting mostly untrained and unwell people armed with aging weapons against trained troops. Later on in the war, it was renamed the Home Guard, following pressure by Prime Minister Winston Churchill. If the Natzis had crossed the channel the Home Guard wouldn't have stopped the Germans for very long.
Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence

, a distributed computing project.  Volunteers donated idle computer power to analyze radio signals for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence]]
 
The **Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence** (**SETI**) is various efforts to find signals from extraterrestrial life.  It included a program that individuals could use on their computers to search for radio signals from worlds with alien life.  This was maybe the most famous of the BOINC or Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing programs that allow users to use their computers for scientific research.

## Other websites
*Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence
Black-throated loon

The **black-throated loon** (*Gavia arctica*), also known as the **Arctic loon** and the **black-throated diver**, is a medium-sized member of the loon or diver family, the Gaviidae.

It is a migratory aquatic bird found in the northern hemisphere. It usually breeds in freshwater lakes in northern Europe and Asia. It winters along sheltered, ice-free coasts of the north-east Atlantic Ocean and the eastern and western Pacific Ocean.
2016 Winter Youth Olympics

The **2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games**, officially known as the **II Olympic Youth Winter Games**, is an international winter sports event that was held from 12-21 February 2016. The host city was Lillehammer, Norway.

## References
Secular Coalition for America

The **Secular Coalition for America** is an organization that supports the principle that the government should not interfere with religion nor should it promote or endorse a religious view. It is made up of humanists, atheists, agnostics, freethinkers and theists along other organizations who support these basic ideals. Member organizations include Atheist Alliance International, the Institute for Humanist Studies, the Secular Student Alliance, the Secular Web,  American Humanist Association, Society for Humanistic Judaism, the Freedom From Religion Foundation, the Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers, the American Ethical Union, Camp Quest and American Atheists. The Secular Coalition for America urges Congress to support the principles of making sure the government is not promoting religion and is being neutral towards religion.

## Other websites 
* Website of the *Secular Coalition for America*
Youth Olympic Games

The **Youth Olympic Games** is a sporting event that takes place in a different city every four years for athletes between ages 14 and 18.  The first Youth Olympic Games was held on 14 August 2010 to 26 August 2010 in the country of Singapore. 

## List of Youth Olympic Games
### Summer Youth Olympic Games
### Winter Youth Olympic Games
## References
Skeletons

***Skeletons*** is the fourth studio album by American rock band, Hawthorne Heights. It is their first and only studio album through Wind-up Records. The release date for the album was June 1, 2010. The album has 13 tracks. The album is produced by Howard Benson.

The first song released as a single from the album is "Nervous Breakdown".

## 2009 Never Sleep Again tour
Because the band member who did the harsh vocals for the band died, the album before this one, *Fragile Future*, didn't have any death growls in it. During the 2009 tour, though, one of the other band members started using these vocals for the band, so this album has them again.

Other music groups like Just Surrender, Monty Are I, Punchline, and Anarbor went on the tour too.

During the tour the band played a song called "End of the Underground" and passed out download cards for the song "Unforgivable". These were the first two songs anyone heard from the new album.

## Track listing
## References
Summer Youth Olympic Games

The **Summer Youth Olympic Games** or the **Games of the Olympiad**

## List of modern Summer Youth Olympic Games 
* 2010 - Games of the I Olympiad - Singapore
* 2014 - Games of the II Olympiad - Nanjing, China
* 2018 - Games of the III Olympiad - Buenos Aires, Argentina
* *2026 - Games of the IV Olympiad - Dakar, Senegal*
* *2030 - Games of the V Olympiad - unknown*
Winter Youth Olympic Games

The **Winter Youth Olympic Games** or the **Games of the Olympiad**

## List of modern Winter Youth Olympic Games 
* 2012 - Games of the I Olympiad - Innsbruck, Austria
* 2016 - Games of the II Olympiad - Lillehammer, Norway
* 2020 - Games of the III Olympiad - Lausanne, Switzerland
* *2024 - Games of the IV Olympiad - Gangwon, South Korea*
Rascal Flatts

**Rascal Flatts** is a country rock band from Columbus, Ohio. They became a band in 1999 and released their debut album *Rascal Flatts* in 2000. They are signed to Lyric Street records and have won many CMT and ACM awards.

Their newest album is *Unstoppable*, which came to stores in 2009.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Rascal Flatts* (2000)
* *Melt* (2002)
* *Feels Like Today* (2004)
* *Me and My Gang* (2006)
* *Still Feels Good* (2007)
* *Unstoppable* (2009)
* *Nothing Like This* (2009)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Rascal Flatts Official website
Crips

The **Crips** are a street gang that was founded in 1969, by Stanley Williams and Raymond Washington in Los Angeles, California. They are rivals with the Bloods, another street gang. Crips members are known for mostly wearing blue colors which is their gang color. Some notable Crips are Snoop Dogg and Eazy-E.

## Other websites 
* Crips gang profile

## References
Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays

**Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays** is the former acronym of **PFLAG**, an American organization. Since 2014 the organization has been called PFLAG. It is devoted to the cause of LGBT rights. The organization started in 1973 when Jeanne Manford watched in horror as the police of New York City ignored her gay son being thrown down an escalator, during a protest for gay rights.

## References
## Other websites
*Official PFLAG website
Ornette Coleman

**Randolph Denard Ornette Coleman** (March 9, 1930 &ndash; June 11, 2015) was an American jazz musician. He plays the saxophone, violin and trumpet. He is also a composer. He was one of the people that helped make a new jazz style called free jazz, in the 1960s. Coleman's music is also like blues music. His album *Sound Grammar* won the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for music.

## Early career
Coleman was born in Fort Worth, Texas. He began playing R&B and bebop music, at first on the tenor saxophone. He wanted to leave his home town so he got a job in 1949 with a traveling show. Then he played with touring R&B shows. In Baton Rouge, he was attacked and his saxophone was destroyed. After that he changed to the alto saxophone, and that is still the instrument he usually plays. He joined a band and traveled with them to Los Angeles, in California. He worked at different jobs while still trying to be successful as a musician.

From the start, Coleman played his music differently to other musicians. Some Los Angeles jazz musicians thought he was playing out of tune. In 1958 Coleman made a record called *Something Else!!!!: The Music of Ornette Coleman*. Other musicians like Don Cherry, Billy Higgins, Don Payne and Walter Norris also played on the record. The album was different from other jazz music.

Coleman's quartet played at a jazz club in New York City. They were popular with other musicians like Leonard Bernstein and Lionel Hampton. Other musicians like Miles Davis did not like his music.

Coleman often played a plastic saxophone. He had first bought a plastic one in Los Angeles in 1954 because he could not afford a metal one. He did not like the sound of the plastic saxophone at first. Now he plays a metal saxophone.

## *Free Jazz*
In 1960, Coleman made a record called *Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation*. It was nearly 40 minutes long. It is one of the longest jazz performances on a record. It was an important record in jazz and now there is a jazz style called free jazz.

## Death
Coleman died of a cardiac arrest at the age of 85 in New York City on June 11, 2015.

## References
Within Temptation

**Within Temptation** is a Dutch gothic rock band. 

## Style
The album *Enter* is a mix of gothic rock, gothic metal and doom metal. The album The Dance is a mix of gothic metal and doom metal. The album Mother Earth is a mix of gothic rock, gothic metal, alternative rock, symphonic metal and folk metal.

## References
Swing Life Away

"**Swing Life Away**" is a song by hardcore punk band Rise Against. It is from their 2004 album *Siren Song of the Counter Culture*. It was first written by Tim McIlrath and Neil Hennessy, the song is different from most of Rise Against's other songs because it is performed and recorded acoustically. The lyrics are happy and speak of happiness with a less-than-perfect life, although they maintain the band's characteristic themes of self-analysis and hope. At a show at Festival Hall in Melbourne, Australia, McIlrath stated the song was written about a good friend of the band who helped them whilst they were lesser known.
1910 Atlantic hurricane season

The **1910 Atlantic hurricane season** was the period of 1910 when tropical storms formed. It happened during the summer and the first half of fall in 1910.  The season was quiet, with only five known storms.

## Storms

### Tropical Storm One
The first storm formed on August 23. It hit Hispaniola as a weak tropical storm.

### Tropical Storm Two
The second storm was another weak tropical storm that hit northeast Mexico.

### Hurricane Three
The first hurricane of the season was a strong Category 2 storm. It moved through the Caribbean and Greater Antilles.

### Hurricane Four
Another hurricane moved past Bermuda. It caused only minor damage.

### Hurricane Five
The last storm was the strongest hurricane of the season. It was a strong Category 4 hurricane that moved through western Caribbean.

## Related pages
*List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

## Other websites
*Monthly Weather Review
Bundala National Park

**Bundala National Park** is a protected national park in the southeast of Sri Lanka. The area of 6216 hectares was first protected in 1969. It is an important wetland and was added to the list of Ramsar sites in 1990. There are many animal species living in the park including elephants and turtles. Because of the wetlands there are many species of bird which come to the park, including flamingos, pelicans, and storks.

## References
Head coach

A **head coach**, **senior coach** or **manager** is a person who  and  men and women who play sports. They usually hold a more public profile and are paid more than other coaches on the team. In some sports such as soccer and baseball, the head coach is called a manager.  In other sports, such as Australian rules football, they are called a senior coach.  Some sports that use the phrase "head coach" include American football and basketball.  

These head coaches sometimes have other coaches that report to them.  These  coaches focus on one part of the team rather than the whole team.  Assistant coaches often work in offensive positions or defensive positions. They can sometimes coach just one position on the team such as a coach just for the quarterbacks in American football.
William Alexander (coach)

**William A. Alexander** (June 6, 1889 – April 23, 1950) was the third head football coach at Georgia Tech. Alexander graduated from Georgia Tech in 1912 as  of his class. Alexander became head coach after John Heisman retired in April 1920. 

As coach, he led Georgia Tech to three SIAA titles (1920, 1921, 1922) and its second national championship in 1928. In 1944 he retired from coaching.  He was replaced by Bobby Dodd who was one of his assistant coaches. The Alexander Memorial Coliseum at Georgia Tech is named after him.

## References
## Other websites
*William Alexander biography 
* 
* William Alexander as College Basketball at Sports-Reference.com
* William Alexander article on Buzzpedia
Social studies

**Social studies** is the name of a course or set of courses taught in primary and secondary schools or elementary, middle, and high schools, but is also sometimes the study of parts of human  at  schools around the world.

At primary school, social studies is usually about the local community and family. By middle and high school, social studies includes many subjects about past and current human  and .  Usually, social studies taught in middle and high school is in the form of history, civics, economics and geography.

Social studies is a little different than social science, though many of the social sciences are covered in social studies.
Sentimentality

and sentimental.]]
**Sentimentality** is both a  used to make people respond emotionally, but usually in a way more than is needed.

"A sentimentalist", Oscar Wilde wrote, "is one who desires (wants) to have the  of an emotion without paying for it." Yeats wrote, "Rhetoric is fooling others. Sentimentality is fooling yourself." 

*Sentimental* began to be thought of more  from the nineteenth century. Before that it had simply meant "feeling", but it began be criticized for its "excessiveness" (too much), and now is about feeling in situations where it is not needed.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Nostalgia
Uzziah

**Uzziah** (עֻזִּיָּהוּ in Hebrew, meaning *Yahweh is my strength*; ; ), also known as **Azariah** (עֲזַרְיָה in Hebrew; ; ), was the king of the ancient Kingdom of Judah, and one of King Amaziah's sons, whom the people chose to rule after his father (; 2 Chronicles 26:1). He was 16 years old when he became king of Judah and ruled for 52 years. He "did that which was right in the sight of the Lord" (; ). According to the Bible, at first he was a good king and had great . His fields and vineyards grew well, he dug many wells and towers in the desert, he  his enemies with a strong army, and he became very powerful. A seal with Uzziah's name has been found in a cistern at Tell Beit Mirsim.

However, he grew proud, and entered the temple of the LORD to burn incense on the altar of incense (). Azariah the priest with 80 other priests came to him and said, "Leave...for you have been unfaithful...you will not be honored by the LORD God". Uzziah became angry, but while "...he was  at the priests...leprosy broke out on his forehead", and he "...had leprosy until the day he died". Because of this, his son Jotham ruled the palace and the people of the land. He died and was buried in a field that belonged to the kings. Probably because of his leprosy, Uzziah was buried in a cemetery belonging to the kings, but not in the tombs of the kings.

## References
Keith Olbermann

**Keith Olbermann** (born January 27, 1959) is a former progressive male television talk show host and liberal political commentator on NBC's and Microsoft's cable news channel MSNBC, where he was the host of the show Countdown with Keith Olbermann. On his show, he was often critical of conservatives such as Bill O'Reilly and George W. Bush. Some compared him to O'Reilly, except that Olbermann was to the left and O'Reilly is to the right. Before being on political shows, Olbermann worked for ESPN as a sportscaster. He once hosted the ESPN sports news show SportsCenter.

He had his show on MSNBC, but was fired shortly after Comcast's takeover of NBC Universal in January 2011. He then moved to Current TV, partially owned by Al Gore, but was fired after less than a year there.

## References
## Other websites
*Current TV Website
*Countdown Page 
*Keith Olbermann on Twitter
Service sector

The **Service Sector**, also called tertiary sector, is the third of the three traditional economic sectors. The other two are the primary sector, which covers areas such as farming, mining and fishing; and the secondary sector which covers manufacturing and making things. The service sector provides services, rather than producing material commodities. Activities in the service sector include retail, banks, hotels, real estate, education, health, social work, computer services, recreation, media, communications, electricity, gas and water supply.

The service sector is an important part of the economy. For example, in Australia in 2007, 85% of all businesses were in the service sector. Computer software businesses in India are increasing at a rate of 35% per year. They need to keep ahead of other businesses by understanding what their customers want and being ready to give it to them quickly and at low cost. 

One good example of this are banks which went through big changes in the late 20th century. Using information and communication technology, banks have vastly reduced the number of people they need to employ, and lowered the cost of providing bank service. For example, an automated teller machine is able to provide basic banking services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, in many different places. Before this, banking services were only available from the bank when it was open. Many banks and building societies have joined together to form much lower cost businesses that can make more money from a wider customer base. The key to this process is gaining information about their customers and constantly coming up with new services for them. 
  
## References
Alan Colmes

**Alan Samuel Colmes** (September 24, 1950 &ndash; February 23, 2017) was an American radio and television host, former comedian and author. His talk radio show is distributed by Fox News Radio. He was the writer of the book, *Red, White and Liberal: How Left is Right and Right is Wrong*.  From 1996 to 2009, Colmes was the co-host of *Hannity & Colmes*, a nightly political debate show on Fox News Channel.

Colmes died at a Manhattan medical center on February 23, 2017, at the age of 66 after suffering from lymphoma. 

## References
## Other websites
*Alan Colmes Presents Liberaland
*Website of Alan Colmes radio show
*Alan Colmes' on Twitter
Shale

**Shale** is a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed from mud. The mud is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. The ratio of clay to other minerals is variable. Shale has breaks along thin laminae (plates) or parallel layering or bedding less than one centimeter in thickness, called "fissility" (~splitting). The heavy metals may have got there by slow accumulation.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Shale gas
Zooid

A **zooid** is a term for a small individual animal, part of a marine colony. The zooids in a colony are usually clones, and may be cytoplasmically connected. Though genetically identical, the zooids in a colony may serve different functions. This is the same as would be the case with a normal metazoan animal, but in a zooid colony the members are more like individuals. 

The word is pronounced *zō-oid*, not like zoo. Some examples:

*Individual members of a bryozoan colony.
*Individual members of a living coral.
*Individual members of a Portuguese Man o' War.