open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nobuko Yoshiya

was a Japanese novelist. She wrote during the Taishō and Showa periods of Japan. She was one of modern Japan's most successful writers. She wrote many romance novels and adolescent girls’ fiction. She was also one of the first writers of Japanese lesbian books, including the Class S genre.

## Early life
Yoshiya was born in Niigata Prefecture, but grew up in the cities of Mooka and Tochigi, in Tochigi Prefecture. Her father was in the public service, so her family often moved. She was the only daughter and youngest child of her family. Both, her mother and her father, came from samurai families. She started writing when she was in her teens, although before this she had developed a love for writing which sapped her time for learning domestic skills from her mother.

## References
### General references
* Frederick, Sarah. "Women of the Setting Sun and Men from the Moon: Yoshiya Nobuko's Ataka Family as Postwar Romance."U.S. - Japan Women's Journal, English Supplement 23. 2003.
* Frederick, Sarah. "Not that Innocent: Yoshiya Nobuko's Good Girls in Jan Bardsley and Laura Miller eds. Bad Girls of Japan. Palgrave, 2005.
* Mackie, Vera. *Feminism in Modern Japan: Citizenship, Embodiment and Sexuality*. Cambridge University Press (2003) 

## Other websites
*Kamakura Yoshiya Nobuko Memorial Museum
Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya

The **Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya** is a racetrack in Montmeló, to the north of Barcelona, Catalonia. It is home to the Formula One Spanish Grand Prix and the motorcycle Catalonia Grand Prix. With long straights and a variety of corners, the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit. It is often used for off-season testing. 

## History 
The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya was built in 1991. It was planned to host its first race in 1992 to go with the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games were scheduled to take place in Barcelona. The circuit is often referred to as 'Barcelona' in the racing community, even though it is located in Montmeló. The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya should not be confused with the Montjuïc circuit, which hosted the Spanish Grand Prix four times between 1969 and 1975. Unlike the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, Montjuïc circuit is actually located within the city of Barcelona.

Because of so much testing is done at this circuit, Formula One drivers and mechanics are extremely familiar with it. This has led to criticism that drivers and mechanics are too familiar with Catalunya, reducing the amount of on-track action.

When the circuit opened, overtaking was frequent. Cars could closely follow each other through the last two corners. They would slipstream down the long straight for a pass. As aerodynamic balance became more important, this overtaking method became less effective. The cars were unable to follow each other as close. They would encounter turbulence created by the leading car. This made it hard for a car to get close enough to pass. In  the next to the last corner was replaced with a chicane. This was an effort to improve passing. The redesign did not increase the amount of overtaking.

The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya also plays host to many other racing series, including Moto GP.  The chicane which was put in for Formula 1 does not exist in the track layout for Moto GP, and there are at least five points on the track where riders are known to pass. As in Formula 1, turn one is the most popular place for overtaking.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya 
* Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya at Google Maps
* Statistics from official F1 site
Shanghai International Circuit

The **Shanghai International Circuit** is a Chinese motor racing venue. It is in the district of Jiading near Shanghai in the People's Republic of China. It was the venue of the first Formula One Chinese Grand Prix on 26 September 2004.

## History 
The circuit costing about $450 million (USD). It was paid for by a government-funded joint-venture company. This company was made up of the Shanghai Juss Corporation, Shanghai National Property Management Co Ltd, and Shanghai Jia'an Investment and Development Co Ltd. Architectural and design experts began visiting the site by April 2003. The site was transformed from swampland to an international racetrack in 18 months.  A team of 3000 worked around the clock to finish the construction.

Other events held at the circuit include a round of the MotoGP world championship, the Australian-based V8 Supercar championship, and also the final round of the A1 Grand Prix in 2006 and 2007.

The 2008 MotoGP race was the last one at Shanghai International Circuit. The FIM didn't select the circuit for 2009 because of overcrowding problems.

## Layout
Like many new Formula One circuits, Shanghai International Circuit was designed by Hermann Tilke. It features his trademark track feature: a long back straight followed by a hairpin turn. Current-generation F1 cars can easily exceed  on the long straight between corners 13 and 14. The track layout was inspired from the Chinese character shang (上). Shang is the first character in the name of the city Shanghai, and means "above" or "ascend". 

## Records 
Times below are driven over a distance of 5.451&nbsp;km.

*Intermediate circuit (4.600&nbsp;km/2.858&nbsp;mi)*

## References 
## Other websites 
* Shanghai International Circuit Statistics from official F1 site 
* A1GP info of Shanghai International Circuit
Ross Island

**Ross Island** is an island which was formed by four volcanoes in the Ross Sea, which can be found near the continent, Antarctica.

## Geography
Because of the persistent presence of the ice sheet, the island is sometimes mistaken to be a part of Antarctica. Its area is 2,460&nbsp;km² (950 sq mi); only a small portion of the island is free of ice and snow. The planet's southernmost active volcano, Erebus (3794 m), as well as the dormant volcano Terror (3230 m), are situated on the island. They were named by Ross after his ships HMS *Erebus* and HMS *Terror*. The third highest peak is Mount Bird, and on its slopes are Shell Glacier and Endeavour Piedmont Glacier. Abbott Peak stands between Mount Erebus and Mount Bird.

Despite its relatively small size, Ross Island is the world's 6th highest island.

## Discovery
The island was discovered by Sir James Clark Ross in 1841, and it was later named in his honour by Robert F. Scott. 

Ross Island was the base for many of the early expeditions to Antarctica. It was and still is the southernmost island reachable by sea. Huts built by Scott's and Shackleton's expeditions are still located on the island, preserved as historical sites.

Today Ross Island is home to New Zealand's Scott Base, and the largest Antarctic settlement, the U.S. Antarctic Program's McMurdo Station. Greenpeace established World Park Base on the island and it ran for five years, from 1987 to 1992.

## Claims
Ross Island lies within the boundaries of Ross Dependency, which is claimed by New Zealand.

## Wildlife
Ross Island supports a colony of about a half million (500 000) Adélie Penguins.

## References
* 

## Other websites
* NIWA New Zealand
Hairpin turn

) from which a 'hairpin turn' takes its name.]]

A **hairpin turn** (also hairpin bend, hairpin corner, or just hairpin), is a very tight corner. It makes a vehicle turn almost 180° to continue on the road. It gets its name from the way it looks like a hairpin or bobby pin. Hairpin turns may be called **switchbacks** in American English.

Hairpin turns may be built when a road or path climbs up or down a steep slope. This allows the path to travel the slope with a smaller slope. Hairpin turns may be used in race tracks to slow down the race cars after a long, fast straight.
Juan Manuel Santos

**Juan Manuel Santos Calderón** (born 10 August 1951) is a Colombian politician. He became the President of Colombia on 7 August 2010. Santos replaces Álvaro Uribe as president.

Santos has distanced himself from Uribe. Santos intends work on the social need of the country. He also wants to improve relations  Colombia's neighbors.

Since winning the presidency in a June 20 landslide, Santos has marked distance between himself and Uribe, signaling the arrival of a leader who, unlike his predecessor, intends to focus on a social agenda and the country's frayed relations with its neighbors. During his inauguration speech, he said "I will preside over a government of national unity that will bring social prosperity for all Colombians... If we want to have economic and social development, we need to build unity among us."

Santos was schooled in the United States and is familiar with technology. He was a defense minister in the Uribe government. Santos has become well known around the world for trying to end the long conflict in Colombia. In 2016, after a lot of negotiations, he announced a peace deal with the FARC militia, which has been at war with the Colombian government since the 1960s. By June 2016, a peace deal had been reached, and some people have said Santos and the other negotiators may win a Nobel Peace Prize if the peace deal holds. Uribe is against the deal, which he thinks is too easy on FARC.

He is 65 years old, and is from one of the most politically influential families of Colombia. He is married to Maria and has three children.

He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2016 

He left office on 7 August 2018 and was replaced by conservative Iván Duque Márquez.

## References 
*
Vibration isolation

isolated from its engine.]]
**Vibration isolation** is a system of devices to decouple a mechanical or structural object from its vibrating supports.

For example, the handles of the saw presented in the right photo are separated from the engine and cutting bar to reduce shaking for the operator. Here, the spring mount is a part of this vibration isolation system.

When the targeted object is rather heavy (e.g. building, bridge or the like), vibration isolation may be called base isolation. Vibration isolation is a branch of protective techniques known as vibration control.

## History
From the very beginning, the theory of vibration isolation, in general, and of base isolation, in particular, rested on two pillars: *heavy damping* and *frequency separation*. Unfortunately, nobody paid any attention that the heavy damping was a sort of a strong connection between a *substructure* and *superstructure*, and that the idea of decoupling them with the help of such connections was of no good.

## Related pages
*Damping
*Vibration
*Earthquake protector

## References
Murder of Megan Kanka

**Megan Nicole Kanka** (December 7, 1986 – July 29, 1994) was an American child who was raped and murdered by her neighbor Jesse Timmendequas. It happened in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey by a convicted sex offender, when she was seven years old.

Timmendequas tricked Kanka to come into his house by saying he had a puppy inside. Once Kanka noticed there was no puppy Timmendequas raped her, slammed her head into a dresser, wrapped her head in a plastic bag, and strangled her with a belt. He put her body in his car and assaulted her once more before placing her in a toy chest and dumping it in a park in nearby West Windsor, New Jersey. When he went to court the jury sentenced him to death after convicting him of kidnapping, rape, sodomy and murder.

The aftermath of this led the New Jersey Legislature to pass a law called "Megan's Law" which requires convicted sex offenders to tell the local police department when they move into a neighborhood.

## References
Yuniesky Betancourt

**Yuniesky Betancourt** (born January 31, 1982 in Santa Clara, Cuba) is a Cuban baseball player. He currently plays as a shortstop for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB).

Betancourt formerly played for the Seattle Mariners from 2005 to 2009 and the Kansas City Royals from 2009 to 2010 before being traded along with Zack Greinke to the Brewers for Alcides Escobar, Lorenzo Cain, Jeremy Jeffress, Jake Odorizzi, and $2,000,000 to reportedly offset the buyout of Betancourt's club option in 2012.

## Other websites
* Yuniesky Betancourt at mlb.com
Ueno Station

**Ueno Station** () is a railway station of JR East and Tokyo Metro in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. Ueno Station should not be confused with the nearby Keisei-Ueno Station.

## Neighbor 
;JR East
: Tōhoku Shinkansen
:::Tokyo - **Ueno** - Ōmiya
: Yamanote Line
:::Okachimachi - **Ueno** - Uguisudani
: Keihin-Tōhoku Line
::Rapid
:::Akihabara - **Ueno** - Tabata
::Local
:::Okachimachi - **Ueno** - Uguisudani
: Tōkaidō Line
::Rapid
:::**Ueno** - Akabane
::Local, Commuter Rapid
:::**Ueno** - Oku
: Jōban Line
:::**Ueno** - Nippori
;Tokyo Metro
: Ginza Line
:::Ueno-hirokōji （M 15） - **Ueno （G 16）** - Inarichō （M 17）
: Hibiya Line
:::Naka-Okachimachi （H 16） - **Ueno （H 17）** - Iriya （H 18）

## Other websites
Saitama-Shintoshin Station

**Saitama-Shintoshin Station** (さいたま新都心駅,さいたましんとしんえき) is a railway station of JR East in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

## Neighbor 
;JR East
: Keihin-Tōhoku Line
::Yono - **Saitama-Shintoshin** - Ōmiya
: Tōhoku Main Line
::Urawa - **Saitama-Shintoshin** - Ōmiya
: Takasaki Line
::Urawa - **Saitama-Shintoshin** - Ōmiya

## Other websites 
*Saitama-Shintoshin Station (Official Site)
Tarawih

**Tarawih** (تراويح) also spelled **Taraweeh**, are Sunnah prayers (optional but recommended) which Muslims read at night in the month of Ramadan. The details of how the Tarawih are to be said is different between the different branches of Islam. Tarawih prayers are made up of a number of prayer phrases and actions, rakahs. some Hanabalis say it is only eight, while others say 20. Malikis say there are 36, and the Ahl al-Hadeeth say it is 8.

## References
Sepang International Circuit

The **Sepang International Circuit (SIC)** is a racing circuit in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. It is near the Kuala Lumpur International Airport, about 60&nbsp;km south of the capital city Kuala Lumpur. It is the venue used for the Formula One Malaysian Grand Prix, A1 Grand Prix as well as the Malaysian MotoGP. The circuit was designed by German designer Hermann Tilke.

In the 1990s, during Mahathir Mohamad's government, Malaysia built the Sepang International Circuit near the new capital, Putrajaya. It was made to host the Malaysian Grand Prix.

The circuit opened on March 7, 1999, by Mahathir, at 20:30 MST. Later, he also inaugurated the first Moto GP Malaysian Grand Prix on April 20, 1999, and the first Formula One Petronas Malaysian Grand Prix on October 17, 1999.

## Layout 
The main circuit is 5.54&nbsp;km long. It is raced in a clockwise direction. It is noted for its sweeping corners and wide straights. The layout is unusual, with a very long back straight separated from the pit straight by just one very tight hairpin corner.

The circuit may be set-up with other configurations. The north circuit is the first half of the main circuit. The course turns back towards the pit straight after turn 6 and is 2.71&nbsp;km long.

The south circuit is the other half of the circuit. The back straight of the main circuit becomes the pit straight. It joins onto turn 8 of the main circuit to form a hairpin turn. This circuit is 2.61&nbsp;km in length.

Sepang International Circuit also features kart racing and motocross facilities.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Sepang F1 International Circuit 
* Official information about Sepang at the Formula 1 site 
* Google Maps location
Endeavour River National Park

The **Endeavour River National Park** is just north of Cooktown, Queensland, Australia. It protects the north banks of the Endeavour River. Both the river and the park are named after Captain James Cook's ship, HM Bark Endeavour. The ship was repaired in the river in 1770 after being damaged by coral on the Great Barrier Reef. Most of the park can only be reached by boat. There are no facilities in the park, and people are not allowed to camp there. It is next to the Cairns Marine Park and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

The Endeavour River protects a number of different habitats including, coastal dunes, fresh water wetlands, river estuary, mangrove forests, heathland and tropical woodlands.

## References
Excretion

**Excretion** is one of the most basic functions of life. It is the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials. It is an essential process in all forms of life. It contrasts with secretion, where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the cell.

In single-celled organisms, waste products are discharged directly through the surface of the cell. Multicellular organisms use more complex methods. Higher plants eliminate gasses through the stomata on the surface of leaves. Animals have special excretory organs.

## Mammalian excretion 
In mammals, excretion is the formation of urine in the kidneys, and expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs. These waste products are eliminated by urination and breathing out respectively. If excretion does not occur in an organism, waste products accumulate, which eventually kill the organism.

Also, food waste is expelled through the anus. Other substances are secreted into the bile, and then eliminated in the faeces. The skin and lungs also have excretory functions: the skin eliminates metabolic wastes like urea and lactic acid through sweating,p395 and the lungs expel carbon dioxide.

### Some terms 
* *Mucociliary excretion* is the excretion of mucus in the respiratory system. Cilia work to clear the small passages, and coughing removes phlegm.
* *Biliary excretion* goes through the bile duct to the duodenum and removed in the faeces.
* *Perspiration* is the excretion of salts and water from the body, although the main purpose is to cool the body.

## Other vertebrates 
Aquatic animals usually excrete ammonia directly into the water, as this compound is soluble and there is ample water available for dilution. In terrestrial animals ammonia-like compounds are converted into other nitrogenous materials as there is less water in the environment, and ammonia itself is toxic.

Reptiles and birds excrete their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a white paste. This allows efficient water retention and it can be stored more easily in the egg. Both uric acid and faeces are expelled through a common opening called the cloaca. Their waste is usually two-coloured: part white (uric acid) and part green or black (organic waste).

Many bird species, especially seabirds, can also excrete salt via specialized nasal salt glands, the saline solution leaving through nostrils in the beak.

## References
Meriwether Lewis

**Meriwether Lewis** (August 18, 1774 &ndash; October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, and public administrator. He was best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with William Clark. Their mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase, establish trade and sovereignty over the natives near the Missouri River, and claim the Pacific Northwest and Oregon Country for the United States before European nations. They also collected scientific data, and information on indigenous nations. President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1806. He died of gunshot wounds in what was an act of suicide.

## References
## Other websites
*Meriwether Lewis on The History Channel
*Meriwether Lewis Park and Burial Site
*Meriwether Lewis's grave on Find-A-Grave
*Lewis and Clark  at C-SPAN's *American Writers: A Journey Through History*
William Clark

**William Clark** (August 1, 1770 &ndash; September 1, 1838) was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. A native of Virginia, he grew up in prestatehood Kentucky before later settling in what became the state of Missouri. Clark was a planter and slaveholder.

Along with Meriwether Lewis, Clark led the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1803 to 1806 across the Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Ocean, and claimed the Pacific Northwest for the United States. Before the expedition, he served in a militia and the United States Army. Afterward, he served in a militia and as governor of the Missouri Territory. From 1822 until his death in 1838 (aged 68) he served as Superintendent of Indian Affairs. 

## References
## Other websites
* *The Journals of Lewis and Clark* , hypertext, American Studies at the University of Virginia.
* *The Journals of William Clark* , Missouri History Museum
* Biography  from Indiana Historical Bureau
* William Clark—View Videos
*Lewis and Clark  at C-SPAN's *American Writers: A Journey Through History*
Riddle Box

***Riddle Box*** is the third studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on October 10, 1995. The producers of the album were Insane Clown Posse and Mike E. Clark. The album was the third of the "Joker Cards" in the Dark Carnival mythology.
Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game

The ***Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game*** is a collectible card game based on the Nickelodeon animated television series *Avatar: The Last Airbender*. Upper Deck Entertainment launched this title in the first quarter of 2006.

## Characters 
* Afiko the Betrayer
* Jojo the Kissing Bandit
* Malu the Ghost Witch
* Kinto the Waterbender

## Other websites 
* Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game Website 
* Detailed Information and Card Scans of Avatar: The Last Airbender's Trading Card Game. 
* Burger King Avatar: the Last Airbender promotion 
* The Artists Behind the Designs of the Cards
* The Artist Behind the Designs of the Cards
*Avatar Games
Film comic

A , or , also referred to as **ani-manga**, are Japanese manga volumes which use images from an anime series, movie, or video release instead of the standard drawn panels. They generally contain the full dialog from the anime from which they are adapted. While generally published in book form, they are also sometimes released electronically as e-books, occasionally called e-manga.

This format has been adopted by companies such as Disney and companies from other countries' television and movie, and may even be based on live-action productions.

Companies such as Tokyopop and Viz release movies comics but refer to them as Cine-manga and Ani-manga, respectively. These western companies also release movies comics for young readers.  movies comics have been well received in English speaking countries, with some titles selling more than 500,000 copies.

## References
Tokyopop

**Tokyopop**, formerly known as **Mixx**, is an American distributor, licensor and publisher. They work with anime, manga, manhwa and Original English-language manga in English, German, and Japanese. Tokyopop has its headquarters in Los Angeles, California. It has branches in the United Kingdom and Germany. Tokyopop products are available internationally.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Blu Manga imprint website
Privateer (motorsport)

In auto racing, a **privateer** is usually an person or race team that enters a race on their own. They are not directly supported by an automobile manufacturer. Privateer teams often build and maintain their own vehicles. 

In the early years of Formula One, privately-owned teams would race using a race car built by another team or constructor. Many privateer entrants compete for the enjoyment of the sport, and are not paid to be racing drivers.

The modern F1 Concorde Agreement now requires teams to build their own cars. In modern F1 terms, privateer is more often used to refer to a team  who are not at least part-owned by large corporations, such as WilliamsF1.

## Related pages
*Contrast: Factory-backed

## References
Let's Go All the Way (song)

"'''Let's Go All the Way'*" is a 1986 dance-pop/new wave song by the American pop band Sly Fox. It is the first single from their only album *Let's Go All the Way'', which was released in 1985. The song was produced by Ted Currier and written by Gary "Mudbone" Cooper.

The song was used in the movie Ferris Bueller's Day Off and Loverboy and was also covered in 1999 by The Wondergirls and again in 2000 by the horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse.
Neijia

'***, literally "internal family", is a term in Chinese martial arts, grouping those styles that practice 
****, literally "internal strength", usually translated as **internal martial arts*', occupied with spiritual, mental or qi-related aspects, as opposed to an "external" ) approach focused on physiological aspects. The distinction dates to the 17th century, but its modern application is due to publications by  Sun Lutang, dating to the period of 1915 to 1928.
Nèi jìng is developed by using *nèigōng*, or "internal exercises," as opposed to *wài gōng*, "external exercises."  

Nèijiā is a broad term used mistakenly in the West as a synonym for the more specific **Wǔdāngquán** styles, named for their association with the Taoist monasteries of  Wudangshan range, Hubei Province in Chinese popular legend. These styles are enumerated by  Sun Lutang as Tàijíquán, Xíngyìquán and Bāguàzhǎng, but must also include Bājíquán and the legendary Wudang Sword.  Some other Chinese arts, not in the Wudangquan group, such as Liuhebafa, Bak Mei Pai, Bok Foo Pai and Yiquan are frequently classified (or classify themselves) as "internal".

## Related pages
* Waijia
* Dantian
* Neidan
* Neo-Confucianism
* Taijitu

## Other websites
* Neigong.net is a site devoted to original texts of Neigong, Qigong  and Neijia
* Defining the Internal Martial Arts
* Internal vs. External, What Sets Them Apart?
* Neijia FAQ 
* Glossary of Neijia Terms with Chinese characters
List of Futurama episodes

:*For the episode list according to the broadcast order see List of Futurama episodes by broadcast order*
***Futurama*** is a Fox animated television series, which originally aired on the network from March 28, 1999 to August 10, 2003. All four original production seasons are available on DVD. The DVD sets were entitled "Volume #" in Region 1 (USA), and "Season #" in the Regions 2 (Europe) and 4 (Australia). The Complete Collection DVD set was released on October 25, 2004 in Region 2, and on March 22, 2005 in Region 1. After cancellation on Fox four direct-to-DVD movies were released and later aired as 16 individual episodes on Comedy Central. 

*Futurama* was originally created as four seasons; Fox broadcast it out of the intended order as five seasons. This list is in production order for the first four seasons on Fox, primarily because this is the order used on the DVDs, as intended by the artists, and it helps avoid plot inconsistencies. A list of Futurama episodes by broadcast order is available in a separate article. The production code is the code used by Fox to indicate the production order of the episodes, and is in the format #ACV##. The first number represents the production season. ACV is Fox's series code for *Futurama*. The second number is the episode's number. The TV broadcast code indicates the broadcast order. It is in the format S##E##, where S## indicates the broadcasting season of which there were 5, and E## indicates the episode's number. Seasons currently airing or in production are ordered by broadcast date as the DVD order is unknown, when the DVDs are released the order will be adjusted to represent the final order in case episodes have been aired out of the intended order as they did on Fox.

*Futurama* 's episode ratings in the United States are TV-PG for suggestive dialogue (D), offensive language (L), sexual content (S), and/or graphic violence (V) in its earlier episodes on Fox and on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim airings. The later episodes on Fox are rated TV-14 for suggestive dialogue (D), offensive language (L), sexual content (S), and/or graphic violence (V). The Comedy Central reruns are also rated TV-14, but do not include any of the sub-ratings. In the UK, *Futurama* episodes have been rated PG (parental guidance suggested when viewing) or 12 (not recommended viewing for anyone under 12 years of age), depending on the episode's content. The only episode not rated PG or 12 is "Leela's Homeworld," which is rated U (recommended for all ages).

Season five aired on Comedy Central from March 23, 2008 to August 30, 2009. It consisted of the four straight-to-DVD films divided into sixteen individual episodes. Each four-episode set aired after the release of the accompanying film. In addition to airing the new season, Comedy Central has taken over syndication of the previous episodes. A sixth season, consisting of 26 episodes, began airing on Comedy Central on June 24, 2010.

## Seasons 
## Episodes
### Season 1 
## References
Grace Slick

**Grace Slick** (born *Grace Barnett Wing*; October 30, 1939) is an American singer-songwriter from Evanston, Illinois. She was the lead singer of Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship and Starship. 

She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 as a member of Jefferson Airplane.

## References
Brahmajala Sutta (Theravada)

The **Brahmajala Sutta** is the first of 34 suttas in the Digha Nikaya (the Long Discourses of the Buddha). The name comes from 'brahma' (perfect wisdom) and 'jala' (net-which-embraced-all-views). The sutta is also called 'Atthajala' (Net of Essence), Dhammajala, (Net of the Dhamma), Ditthijala (Net of Views), Anuttarasangama Vijaya (Incomparable Victory in Battle).

The sutta discusses two main topics: the elaboration of the **Ten Precepts** (Cula-sila), the **Middle Precepts** (Majjhima-sila), and the **Great Precepts** (Maha-sila). Cula-sila deals with the Ten Precepts to be practised by devout buddhists, while Majjhima-sila gives a detailed description of the practice of the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth precepts, together with the practise of plant conservation and speech etiquette.

The second and third parts of the sutta discuss the **62 beliefs** (ditthi) or "views" held by ascetics in the Ganges plains ( in what is now India) during the life of the Buddha. These are divided into: 18 beliefs related to the past (pubbantanuditthino), and 44 beliefs about the future (aparantakappika).

Many of these beliefs are still relevant in the modern world and thus the sutta provides Buddhist scholars with much information to ponder about the Buddha's teachings.

The elaboration of these beliefs is very detailed, focusing on how the beliefs (faiths) come to be and the way they are described and declared. The elaboration ends with the Buddha's statement about the **danger of clinging to these beliefs**, as they are still influenced by desire (lobha), hatred (dosa), and ignorance (moha) that its faithful followers will not end in the final liberation but still in the cycle of samsara. Believers of these faiths are compared to small fish in a pond which will be captured by a fine net no matter how much they want to escape, while those who see reality as it is are beyond the net of samsara.

## Related pages
*Milinda Panha
*Aggañña Sutta
*Soul
*Vipassana jhanas
*God in Buddhism
*Twelve Nidanas

## Other websites
*Brahmajala Sutta Translation from UK
Io9

**Io9** is a blog launched in 2008 by Gawker Media. The blog focuses on the subjects of science fiction, futurism and advancements in the fields of science and technology.

## References
## Other websites
*io9.com
Pomeranian dog

The **Pomeranian** is a dog from Pomerania (in Eastern Germany and Northern Poland). Queen Victoria, Queen Charlotte, and Joséphine de Beauharnais all owned Pomeranians.Pomeranians are sometimes called **Zwergspitz** (which is a Dwarf Spitz) and Toy German Spitz in different countries.

The Pomeranian can live from 12 to 16 years.

Pomeranians are more likely than other dogs to get some health problems, like:
* Luxating patella (where the kneecap dislocates, or slips out of place)
* Tracheal collapse (collapse of the tube that brings air to the lungs and makes breathing possible)

## Other websites
The Daily Pennsylvanian

***The Daily Pennsylvanian*** (The DP) is the independent daily student newspaper of the University of Pennsylvania. 

## History
Founded in 1885, the newspaper has been published daily since 1894, except for a hiatus from May 1943 to November 1945 on account of World War II. The *DP* broke away from the university in 1962 to become an independent publication. It incorporated in 1984 to solidify its financial and editorial independence from the university. Today the newspaper's budget is funded primarily through the sale of advertising by a student business staff.

## Awards
The *Daily Pennsylvanian* has won many of the most prestigious awards in college journalism. In 2008, the newspaper was awarded the Society of Professional Journalist's National Mark of Excellence Award. In the same year, the paper won the Spring 2008 Columbia Gold Crown, awarded to only eight college newspapers nationwide, an award it has won many times before. It also received first place in the Associated Collegiate Press's Kansas City Convention Best of Show Competition in 2008. In 2004, the DP won the Pacemaker, awarded by the Associated Collegiate Press and the Newspaper Association of America Foundation, for a record-setting fourth consecutive year. It also won the award in 1990, 1997, and 1998, and most recently in 2007. Several of its writers win Gold Circles from the Columbia Scholastic Press Association every year. It was also ranked as the "most read" college newspaper by The Princeton Review in 1990, 1997, 1998, and 2001. In 2006, College Publisher awarded the DP first place in the category of Best Online Sports Coverage and, in 2008, it was awarded an online Gold Crown for dailypennsylvanian.com.

## References
## Other websites
* Home Page of *The Daily Pennsylvanian*
* Home Page of *34th Street Magazine* (affiliate of *The Daily Pennsylvanian*)
* College Papers Grow Up (*Newsweek* article)
* Photography Department Blog (maintained by current and past Photo Editors)
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump

**Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump** is a buffalo jump in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains about 18&nbsp;km northwest of Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada. The plains Indians used Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump for over 5,500 years to kill buffalo. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and became one in 1981.

## Other websites
*Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump's Official website
Brian David Josephson

**Brian David Josephson**, FRS (born 4 January 1940; Cardiff, Wales) is a Welsh physicist who became a Nobel laureate in 1973. He is of Jewish descent.

As of late 2007, he was a retired professor at the University of Cambridge, where he is the head of the Mind–Matter Unification Project in the Theory of Condensed Matter (TCM) research group. He is also a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Josephson is one of the more well-known scientists who say that parapsychological phenomena may be real, and is also interested in the possibility that Eastern mysticism may have relevance to scientific understanding. In 2005, Josephson said that "parapsychology should now have become a conventional field of research, and yet parapsychology's claims are still not generally accepted". He compared this situation to that of Alfred Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift, where there was initially great resistance to acceptance despite the strength of the evidence.

## References
Jake Dowell

**Jacob Dowell** (born March 4, 1985 in Eau Claire, Wisconsin) is an American former professional ice hockey center. He played a total of 157 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Dallas Stars and Minnesota Wild.

He was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks with the 140th pick in the 2004 NHL Draft and played 4 seasons with them before being signed to the Dallas Stars on July 1, 2011.

On May 12, 2017, Dowell signed a one-year contract with EHC Liwest Black Wings Linz of the ICE Hockey League. After the year, he decided to retire from playing professional ice hockey.

## References
## Other websites
*
M. Night Shyamalan

**Manoj Nelliyattu Shyamalan** (; മനോജ്‌ നെല്ലിയാട്ടു ശ്യാമളന്‍, Mitur Ben Es-Derti ,**Latin English**: *Maṉōj Nelliyāṯṯu Ṣiyāmaḷaṉ*, born 6 August 1970), known professionally as **M. Night Shyamalan**, is an American director who resides and works primarily in the United States. He is known for making movies with contemporary supernatural plots that climax with a twist ending. Some of his notable movies are *The Sixth Sense* (1999), *Unbreakable* (2000), *Signs* (2002), *The Village* (2004), *Lady in the Water* (2006), *The Happening* (2008) and *The Last Airbender* (2010). He is also known for filming his movies (and staging his plots) in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he was raised.

## Early Life
Shyamalan was born in a Hindu household in Mahé, Puducherry, India. His father, Nelliate C. Shyamalan is a Malayali traditional physician (Vaidyar) from Mahé. His mother, Jayalakshmi is Tamil and is an obstetrician and gynecologist by profession.

## Movies
### Other projects
*Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
*Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone

## Other websites
*
*M. Night Shyamalan: The Official Site 
*M. Night Shyamalan Online
*2006 M. Night Shyamalan interview (Interview with Jon Niccum)
*Interview with Rajeev Masand on CNN-IBN/ibnlive.com 
*M. Night Shyamalan Interview at www.sci-fi-online.com

## References
Toyosu Station

**Toyosu Station** (豊洲駅,とよすえき) is a Railway station of Tokyo Metro and Yurikamome in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan.

## Neighbor
;Tokyo Metro
: Yūrakuchō Line
::Tsukishima （Y 21） - **Toyosu （Y 22）** - Tatsumi （Y 23）
;Yurikamome
: Yurikamome Line
::Shin-toyosu （U 15） - **Toyosu （U 16）**

## Other websites
Michael Thalbourne

**Michael A. Thalbourne**, Ph.D., (March 24 1955 – May 4 2010) was an Australian psychologist and parapsychologist. He was educated at the University of Adelaide and the University of Edinburgh. His books include: *A glossary of terms used in parapsychology* (2003), *The common thread between ESP and PK* (2004), and *Parapsychology in the Twenty-First Century: Essays on  the future of Psychical research* (2005). 

## References
Jeanne Moreau

**Jeanne Moreau** (23 January 1928 &ndash; 31 July 2017) was a French actress particularly associated with the French "new wave" cinema.

## Life and career
Moreau was born in Paris, France, the daughter of an English mother, a dancer at the Folies Bergères, and a French father, a restaurateur. She studied at the Conservatoire de Paris.

She began her career as a stage actress and joined the celebrated "Comédie-Française" in 1948, aged only 20, one the youngest ever member of the company. During the same time, she was in small roles in movies.

She got her first major break when she met French director Louis Malle.  He cast her in his movies ''L'ascenceur pour l'échafaud* (1957) and *Les amants'' (1958), which established her as a movie star in France. She also appeared in Roger Vadim's *Les liaisons dangereuses* (1959) and Peter Brooks's *Moderato cantabile* (1960), but it is with François Truffaut's iconic movie *Jules et Jim* (1961) that she became an international star.

She then went on to work with directors such as Michelangelo Antonioni (*La Notte*), Orson Welles (*Le procès*), Luis Bunuel (*The Diary of a Chambermaid*), etc. In the 1970s, she attempted directing with *Lumières* (1976) and ''L'adolescente'' (1979) with mixed success.

Moreau received many awards for best actress, including a César Award, a BAFTA, a prix d'interprétation at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1996 she received a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award.

Moreau died on 31 July 2017 in Paris at the age of 89.

## Sources
* ''The Illustrated Who's Who of the Cinema'', Lloyd, Weber & Dessler, Portland House, 1987.

## Other websites
*
Baguazhang

**Bāguàzhǎng** is one of the major Chinese martial arts of the Wudang school. It is also one of the three main internal styles, or Neijia. *Bāguà zhǎng* means "eight trigram palm," according to the trigrams of the Yijing (I Ching), one of the canons of Taoism.

## Related pages
* Ba gua—the eight trigrams, used as guiding principles for baguazhang.
* Yijing—the Taoist classic examining the movement of the eight trigrams.
* Feng shui—the metaphysical system of interior design based on the bagua.

## References
## Books
* Robert W. Smith, *Chinese Boxing*, 
* Bok Nam, Park & Dan Miller, ''The Fundamentals of Pa Kua Chang: The Methods of Lu Shui-T'ien As Taught by Park Bok Nam.*, 
* Shou-Yu, Liang, *Baguazhang : Emei Baguazhang Theory and Applications'', 
* O'Brien, Jess, *Nei Jia Quan: Internal Martial Arts Teachers of Tai Ji Quan, Xing Yi Quan, and Ba Gua Zhang* 
* Frantzis, Bruce Kumar, *The Power of Internal Martial Arts: Combat Secrets of Ba Gua, Tai Chi, and Hsing-I* 
*Mason, Tom and Danko,Dan. The Lost Scrolls:Air. New York: Simon & Schuster,2007
* Lao xie Christopher Lee matsuo 'The heart of bagua''8 powers', 'silk reeling palm','kunlun baguazhang 102', 'dragongatesanctuary.com
* Ray Carbullido 'Foundations of baguazhang mastery' 'the sword within the sword'
* Lao Xie Christopher Lee Matsuo 'Interviews with lao xie' conducted by hikaru ono in honolulu, Hawaii

## Other websites
*The Pa Kua Chang Journal
*The Walking Circle
*ChinaFromInside presents Baguazhang
*The History of Yin Style Baguazhang 
*Song Changrong style Baguazhang
*Fu Style BaGua Zhang article, published in Inside Kung Fu Magazine 
*Emptyflower Discussion Forum for Baguazhang and other internal Neijia Arts  
*Fists of Mystery and Truth - Discussion and information about Baguazhang and other martial arts
Damping

.]]In physics, **damping** is any effect that tends to reduce the amplitude of vibrations.

In mechanics, the internal friction may be one of the causes of such damping effect. For many purposes the damping force ***F***f can be modeled as being proportional to the velocity ***v*** of the object:

:::::::::F_{\mathrm f} = -c v \, ,

where ***c*** is the *damping coefficient*, given in units of Newton-seconds per meter.

## Related pages
  
* RLC circuit
* Oscillator
* Resonance
* Seismic damper
* Vibration
* Vibration isolation
* Vibration control

## References
Dale Webster

**Dale Webster**, (1948 &ndash; August 2025) also called "The Daily Wavester", was an American surfer who lived in Valley Ford, California. He was known for making it in the official Guinness Book of World Records record for the "most days in a row surfed" 10,407 and his acting in the movie *Step into Liquid*.

Webster's death at the age of 77 was announced on August 12, 2025.

## References
Chinese martial arts

**Chinese martial arts** is also known by the Mandarin Chinese term, **wushu.** It is popularly known as **kung-fu.** It includes a number of fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in China. 

These fighting styles are often classified according to common features, identified as "families" (*jiā*), "sects" (*pài*) or "schools" (*mén*) of martial arts. Examples of such features include physical exercises that copy certain animals, or training methods inspired by Taoism, and legends. 

Styles focusing on *qi* are called "internal" (*nèijiāquán*), while others concentrate on improving muscle and heart fitness, and are called "external" (*wàijiāquán*). They are also often classed according to region, that is "northern" (*běiquán*) and "southern" (*nánquán*).

## Related pages
* Eighteen Arms of Wushu
* Hard and soft (martial arts)
* Kung-fu
* List of Chinese martial arts
* Wushu (term)
* Wushu (sport)

## References
The Philadelphia Inquirer

***The Philadelphia Inquirer*** is a newspaper that serves the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, metropolitan area of the United States. The newspaper was founded by John R. Walker and John Norvell in June 1829 as ***The Pennsylvania Inquirer*** and is the third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the United States. Owned by the local group Philadelphia Media Holdings LLC, *The Inquirer* has the nineteenth largest average weekday U.S. newspaper circulation and has won eighteen Pulitzer Prizes.

## Awards
## References
## Other websites
* *The Philadelphia Inquirer* Online
* Philadelphia Media Holdings website 
* The Philadelphia Inquirer Frontpage (Updated)
Gawker Media

**Gawker Media** is an American online media company and blog network. It was founded and is owned by Nick Denton. It is based in New York City. 

## References
* Gawker Media. Terms of Use 
* Penenberg, Adam L.  "Can Bloggers Strike It Rich?" *Wired*. September 22, 2005.
* Denton, Nick. "Nano Wars"  March 8, 2005.
* Thompson, Clive. "Blogs to Riches - The Haves and Have-Nots of the Blogging Boom"  *New York Magazine*. February 20, 2006.
* Carr, David. "A Blog Mogul Turns Bearish on Blogs", *New York Times*, July 3, 2006
* Pareene, Alex. "Memo: Gawker Sells Three Sites" April 14, 2008.

## Other websites
*Tom Zeller, Jr.. "A Blog Revolution? Get a Grip", New York Times, May 8, 2005  (registration required)
*Vanessa Grigoriadis, "Everybody Sucks: Gawker and the rage of the creative underclass, *New York* magazine, October 22, 2007
*Gawker Media Traffic 
*Gawker.com
Series finale

A **series finale** is the last installment of a television series before the series is removed. These terms refer to an intentionally planned ending, rather than one in which the series is unexpectedly cancelled after the last episode is produced. Episodes labeled "series finale," or ones leading up to it, often include remarkable events in the overall series story arc. An extended length episode, or television or theatrical film may serve as the series finale. The finale may also be used as a device to create a spin-off series.

## Related pages
* Season finale

## Other websites
* TV Series Finale - site devoted to final episodes and life after the shows
Mazdak

**Mazdak** (died 524 or 528) was a Persian reformer and religious activist. He became influential under the reign of the Sassanian Shahanshah Kavadh I. He claimed to be a prophet of God, and started communal possessions and social welfare programs.

## Mazdakism
He was the main representative of set of religious and philiosopical teachings called **Mazdakism**, which are seen as a reformed version of Zoroastrianism.
Some people have argued, his teachings show influences from Manichaeism as well.

## References
Box Car Racer

**Box Car Racer** was an American Alternative rock/Post-hardcore band from San Diego, California that were active from 2001 to 2003. Box Car Racer was a side-project for Blink-182 members Tom DeLonge and Travis Barker and lead guitarist of Hazen Street, David Kennedy and touring bassist Anthony Celestino. When they were active they were signed to the record label MCA Records.

## Discography
### Albums
***Box Car Racer** (2002)

### Singles
***"I Feel So"** (2009)
***"There Is"** (2003)

## Websites
*Box Car Racer at Interscope records
Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park

**Tatshenshini-Alsek Park** (also known as **Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Wilderness Park)** is a provincial park in British Columbia. It is part of the Kluane / Wrangell–St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park is on the northwestern corner of British Columbia. It borders the U.S. state of Alaska and Canadian Yukon Territory. The park has many Grizzly Bears, Glacier Bear, Dall's Sheep, Mountain Goats, Kenai moose, grey wolves, eagles (Bald & Golden), falcons (peregrine & gyr), trumpeter swans, Sea lions, and Humpback whales.

## Other websites
*Official website on BC Gov.ca
Loving County, Texas

**Loving County** is a county in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the United States' smallest county by number of people.  In 2020, only 64 people lived there.  The county seat is Mentone.

The County is named for Oliver Loving, a cattle farmer who, along with Charles Goodnight, developed the Goodnight-Loving Trail. He died of wounds from Comanches while on a cattle drive in 1867 near the county.

## References