Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades

The '''al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades''' ) is an armed Palestinian group in the West Bank, formed in 2000. Several countries (Israel, EU, US, Canada, New Zealand, and Japan) class the group as a terrorist organisation.

## Historical overview 
Originated in the West Bank, al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades take their name from the al-Aqsa Mosque, situated in the Muslim holy site of Jerusalem, the Noble Sanctuary, also claimed by Jews as the Temple Mount.

After the Oslo Accords with Israel in 1993, the Fatah organization came to be the main authority of Palestine and incorporated the Palestinian Authority. Based in the West Bank and in Gaza Strip, Fatah and its president, Yasser Arafat, decided to switch their armed militias into official security forces. Among the various armed wings, a group of young Fatah members formed the al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades in the 2000, during the Second Intifada. 

### Support and Leadership 
The corruption and inaction of the Fatah and PA coalition created the opportunity for the Brigades to regain the confidence of the Palestinian population. 

Palestinians, indeed, shifted their support towards a more radical and violent type of action because of the difficult living conditions and the lack of trust towards the diplomatic process. Indeed, right after the al-Aqsa intifada in 2000, less than the 17% of the population was hopeful for the end of the diplomatic process and the cruelty.  

Although, the Brigades did not seek a separation from the Fatah movement, their political violence was threatening the position of Arafat. His popularity decreased, indeed, from 70% in autumn 2001 to 57% at the end of the same year. As a member of the AMB stated in an interview:“Fatah frames us, but nevertheless a certain independence exists concerning the decisions to take.”Nonetheless, it is known that Arafat during the negotiations used to encourage attacks as a leverage on the Western countries.

In 2001, the al-Aqsa cofounder, Yasser Badawi, was assassinated; consequently, the Brigades took revenge for his death by attacking Israeli civilians.

## Military attacks 
Most of the military attacks attributed to the AMB in their early years were attacks on Israeli settlers in the West Bank, although the group shifted to targets inside of Israeli borders since 2002. Targeting both Israelis and Palestinians that collaborate with the Israeli security forces. Nonetheless, there have also been attacks on individuals that belonged to the Fatah movement in the West Bank, due to clashes between them.

Despite the fact they are not dependent on any other superior Palestinian entity, they have cooperated with different Palestinian military groups. Within the Gaza Strip, they have carried out attacks with the help of the Islamic fundamentalist group Hamas, as well as the Palestinian Islamic Jihad movement.

### Notable Attacks 
* In January of 2002, a gunman entered a Bat-Mitzvah celebration in Hadera, killing six and harming over 33 Israelis.
* In March 2002, 11 Israelis are killed during the Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre that took place in a café in Jerusalem.
* In March of 2004, a suicide bomb attack at an Israeli army checkpoint in Ashdod cause the death of 10 people. The Islamic group Hamas claimed that they had cooperated with the AMB in the attack.
* In January of 2008, all three military groups (the AMB, Hamas, and the Palestine Islamic Jihad) launched several rockets to Israeli soil, wounding 10 Israeli civilians. The Israeli government retaliated this attack by blocking the Gaza Strip.
* In November 2012, more than 500 rockets were fired into Israel during the IDF operations in the Strip of Gaza.
* On 7 October 2023, it coordinated the October 7 attack on Israel and involved an armed incursion that killed 1,200+.

## Related pages
* Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades
* Gaza war
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 
## References