open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Curly Top

***Curly Top*** is a 1935 musical movie starring Shirley Temple. It was directed by Irving Cummings. It is loosely based on the 1912 children's book *Daddy-Long-Legs* by Jean Webster. The movie tells the story of an orphan adopted by a rich man. Temple introduced one of her signature songs, "Animal Crackers in My Soup", in the movie.

*Curly Top* was a box office hit, but it was banned in Denmark for unspecified "corruption".

## Cast
* Shirley Temple as Elizabeth Blair, an inmate of a dreary orphanage 
* John Boles as Edward Morgan, a rich trustee of the orphanage
* Rochelle Hudson as Mary Blair, Elizabeth’s teenage sister
* Esther Dale as Genevieve Graham, Morgan’s elderly aunt
* Arthur Treacher as Reynolds, Morgan’s English butler
* Jane Darwell as Mrs. Henrietta Denham, a heavy-set, elderly matron at the orphanage
* Rafaela Ottiano as Mrs. Higgins, the severe, thin-lipped superintendent of the orphanage
* Etienne Girardot as James Wyckoff, a stern, elderly, penny-pinching trustee of the Orphanage and the manufacturer of Wyckoff’s Cough Mixture
* Maurice Murphy as Jimmie Rogers, Mary's rich young suitor

## References
Aleix Suñé

**Aleix Suñé** (born May 21, 1986 in Girona) is a skier from Spain.  He helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  He skiied at the 2009 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Gabriel Gorce Yepes.  He skied at the 2010 Winter Paralympics with Andrés Boira.

## References
Gabriel Gorce

**Gabriel Gorce Yepes** (born August 2, 1990 in Madrid) is a skier from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a type B2 skier. He has raced with skiers who help him go down the mountain including Aleix Suñé, Félix Aznar and Arnau Ferrer. He raced in the European Cup and the IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup, at the IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and the 2010 Winter Paralympics.

## References
The Little Princess

***The Little Princess*** is a 1939 movie. It was directed by Walter Lang. It stars Shirley Temple. It is loosely based on the book *A Little Princess* by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was the first Shirley Temple movie to be filmed completely in Technicolor. It was also her last major success as a child star. The Little Princess is in the public domain.

## Main cast
* Shirley Temple as Sara Crewe
* Richard Greene as Geoffrey Hamilton
* Anita Louise as Rose
* Ian Hunter as Captain Crewe
* Cesar Romero as Ram Dass
* Arthur Treacher as Hubert 'Bertie' Minchin
* Mary Nash as Amanda Minchin

## Story
Captain Crewe is called to fight in the Second Boer War. He leaves his daughter Sara at Miss Minchin's School for Girls. One day, his lawyer arrives in the school with news that Captain Crewe has died and his real estate has been confiscated. Sara is now a poor orphan. She becomes a servant in the school. Sara tires of her servant duties. She sneaks off to Veterans Hospital, convinced her father is not dead. She finds him wounded. They reunite joyfully.

## Response
According to *Variety*, "Transposition of the Frances Hodgson Burnett several-generation favorite, Sara Crewe, is accomplished most successfully. The fairy-tale story is still saccharine to the nth degree, but once the basic premise is established, it rolls along acceptably. And, while the story has been changed for screen purposes, the general line is close enough."

Janet Maslin, writing for *The New York Times* 44 years later, called it "antiquated enough to seem charming" and concludes "[t]he movie's music, its corny but likable s and its rousing patriotism (it was made in 1939) culminate in a happy ending sure to make even grown-up viewers cry."

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Marcos Manuel Llados

**Marcos Manuel Llados** (born March 26, 1962 in Madrid) is a ski athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he cannot see. He is a B2 type skier.  He ski raced at the 1992 Winter Paralympics.  He was the number three skier in the giant slalom race.  He ski raced at the 1994 Winter Paralympics.  He was the number three skier in the super giant race. 

## References
Eric Villalon

**Eric Villalon Fuentes** (born April 30, 1973 in Barcelona) is a ski athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he cannot see. He is a B2 type skier.  He ski raced at the 1998 Winter Paralympics.  He was the number 1 skier in the Super Giant, Giant Slalom and Slalom. He ski raced at the 2002 Winter Paralympics.   He was the number 1 skier in the Giant Slalom and Slalom.  He was the number 2 skier in the Giant Slalom and Downhill.   He ski raced at the 2006 Winter Paralympics. He was the number 2 skier to finish in the Slalom.  He was the number 2 skier to finish in the Giant Slalom.  

## References
Félix Aznar

**Félix Aznar**  is a skier from Spain. He helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  He helped Andrés Boira and Gabriel Gorce Yepes.  He skied  with Gorce at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver. He raced in the European Cup with Boria and the IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup.

## References
Daniel Lamata de La Torre

**Daniel Lamata de La Torre** (born June 22, 1970 in Abrera, Barcelona) is a wheelchair fencing athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he uses a wheelchair and is a category B 2 fencer.  He fenced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished third in the one person sword event. 

## References
Carlos Álvarez Nieto

**Carlos Álvarez Nieto** (born January 24, 1973 in Madrid) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind.  He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. 

## References
Milbank, South Dakota

**Milbank** is a city in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Grant County, and 3,544 people lived there at the 2020 census. Milbank became a city in 1881.

## References 
## Other websites 
*City of Milbank website
Oral cancer

**Oral cancer** is cancer of any part of the mouth. It can start in the mouth, lips, or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth).

A person can get oral cancer without having any other type of cancer.  Oral cancer can also happen because of *metastasis*.  This means that the person had cancer in some other part of their body, and it spread to the mouth.  The person's cancer may be far away from the mouth, or it may be in a part of the body near the mouth.  For example, if a person has cancer of the nasal cavity, the cancer can spread to the mouth.

## Types of Oral Cancers 
There are a few different types of oral cancers.  But about 90% are  squamous cell carcinomas.  Squamous cells make up the main part of the outer layer of the skin.  These cells line the lips, mouth, and throat.  A "carcinoma" is a type of cancer that can start in these cells in the skin.

Squamous cell carcinomas most often start in the tongue.  But they can also start in any other part of the mouth, including the floor of the mouth (under the tongue); the inside lining of the cheek; the gums; the lips; or the palate (the roof of the mouth).

Other oral cancers include:
* Adenocarcinoma, which starts in a salivary gland
* Lymphoma, which can start in the tonsils 
* Melanoma, which can start from cells in the mucus membrane that lines the inside of the mouth

## References
## Other websites
Zil Çalınca

***Zil Çalınca*** (), is a Turkish television series. *Zil Çalınca* broadcast on the television channel Disney Channel Turkey.

## Characters 
* Metehan (Turhan Cihan Şimşek): Handsome. Girls love Metehan. He can play guitar. He likes rock music.
* Merve (Elif Ceren Balıkçı): Metehan's sister. She is energetic and talkative. She is friends with Acar.
* Ada (Merve Hazer): Hardworking. She is President of the school. She loves Korcan
* Duygu (Miray Daner): The most beautiful girl.  Daughter of a wealthy family, she wants to be an actress.
* Korcan (Emir Çalıkkocaoğlu): Successful student. Korcan's mother and father are university teachers. He loves his mom and dad very much. He helps his friends with homework. He loves Duygu.
* Aslı (Aylin Üskaya): Athletic. She loves soccer. She has short black hair.
* Acar (Lorin Merhart): Genius. His friends call him "glasses" because he can not see without them.
* Tanıl (Berkay Mercan) : Loves physics and chemistry. He is the *New Einstein*
* Nisan (Yağmur Yılmaz) : Loves nature. Her favorite topics are the melting of glaciers, extinction of animals, organic food, the difference between vegetarians and vegans.
* Sarp (Fırat Can Aydın) : Playful student who wears funny hats, colorful scarves, and strange-looking sports shoes. He likes Nisan.
Anna Cohí

**Anna Cohí Fornell** (born October 5, 1988 in Barcelona) is a skier from Spain. She has a disability: she is blind and is a type B3 skier. She skis with Raquel Garcia Borreguero.  She started skiing when she was 3 years old. Cohí has also raced in World Cup and European Cup events and has earned gold medals in the slalom and giant slalom competitions.

## References
Youssef El Haddaqui Rabil

**Youssef El Haddaqui Rabil** (born December 28, 1988) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson.  He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. 

## References
Córdoba

**Córdoba** usually refers to:
* Córdoba, Argentina (pop. 1,300,000), capital city of the province, and the largest city with this name
* Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain (pop. 338,000), capital of the historic Caliphate of Córdoba, and the city from which the name originates

*Córdoba* may also refer to:

## People 
* Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador) (d. 1517)
* Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua) (d. 1526)
* Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1453–1515), Spanish military leader
* Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1645), Spanish military leader
* Iván Córdoba (born 1976), Colombian footballer
* Piedad Córdoba (born 1955), Colombian senator

## Places 
### Argentina 
* Córdoba Province, Argentina, one of the country's 23 federal provinces

### Colombia 
* Córdoba, Quindío, municipality in Quindío Department
* Córdoba, Bolívar, municipality in Bolívar Department
* Córdoba, Nariño, town and municipality in the Nariño Department
* Córdoba Department, one of the country's 32 departments

### Mexico 
* Córdoba, Veracruz

### Spain 
* Córdoba Province (Spain)
* Córdoba (Spanish Congress Electoral District)
* Córdoba (Vino de la Tierra), wine producing region in Spain

#### Historical Islamic states 
* Emirate of Córdoba, 756–929
* Caliphate of Córdoba, 929–1031
* Taifa of Córdoba, 11th century

## Other 
* Great Mosque of Córdoba
* *Córdoba* (Albéniz), Op. 232, No. 4, a musical composition by Isaac Albéniz
* Córdoba C.F., Spanish football club
* Cordoba Fighting Dog, an extinct Argentine dog breed
* Cordoba Guitars, a guitar manufacturer
* Nicaraguan córdoba, the currency of Nicaragua
* Chrysler Cordoba, a car produced by Chrysler
* SEAT Córdoba, a car manufactured by SEAT
Hellebore

**Hellebores** are a type of flowering plants in the Ranunculaceae family. Although some of these plants have names such as "winter rose", "Christmas rose", and "Lenten rose", they are not related to roses. Some of these flowers can also be poisonous.

## References
## Other websites
*Hellebores
Gesso

**Gesso** is a primer or foundation for art painting on wood or canvas. It is a white paint mixture. It has a binder mixed with a pigment. Traditionally, the binder is glue or gelatin, the pigment is chalk, plaster or gypsum. 

Gesso is used in art to prepare a surfaces (wood panels, canvas and sculpture) for painting. Paint and/or other materials are applied on top of the gesso. One reason for covering the surface with gesso is that wood or canvas has a rough or uneven surface, and a colour. Gesso "priming" lets the artist's chosen subject show more clearly than it would otherwise. 

Even if a surface has no roughness, many artists still prime it before starting the painting proper, though they might use a paint or "wash" of their own choosing. They do this because the primer, though it cannot be seen directly, may change and help the quality of light reflected from the surface. Gesso, however, is specially useful for a rough or uneven surface. 

## Acrylic gesso 
Acrylic gesso, a widely used "ground", is a modern version which is cheaper and easier to use than the traditional type of gesso. It is a combination of calcium carbonate with an acrylic polymer medium latex, a pigment and other chemicals to ensure flexibility and increase life. It is technically not *gesso* at all.p321

''The Painter's Handbook'' notes a problem with using oil paints over an acrylic gesso ground instead of a traditional oil ground, citing a mismatch in flexibility over time that could cause the oil paint to delaminate (flake off).p60

## References
Frances Hodgson Burnett

**Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett** (24 November 1849 – 29 October 1924) was a writer. She is famous for her children's books *Little Lord Fauntleroy*, *A Little Princess*, and *The Secret Garden*.

## Sources 
*
*
Jessica Walter

**Jessica Walter** (January 31, 1941March 24, 2021) was an American actress. She played Lucille Bluth in the television sitcom *Arrested Development*. She also played Tabitha Wilson in the series *90210*.

Walter received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or TV Movie. She won that award for playing Amy Prentiss in the police drama television series of the same name.

She was married to Ron Leibman from 1983 until his death in 2019.

Walter was born in Brooklyn, New York.

She died on March 24, 2021 at her apartment in Manhattan, New York at aged 80.

## References
Judith McConnell

**Judith McConnell** (born April 6, 1944 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American actress. She acts in soap operas. She played Sophia Wayne Capwell on the soap opera *Santa Barbara*. She also played Nurse Augusta McLeod on the series *General Hospital*.

## Other websites
*
Little Lord Fauntleroy

***Little Lord Fauntleroy*** is a children's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The story was first published in parts (serialization) in *St. Nicholas Magazine* between November 1885 and October 1886. It was published in book form by Scribner's in 1886. It was illustrated by Reginald B. Birch. The book has been translated into several languages. The story is about a poor American boy who inherits a great English estate. The story has been made into stage plays, television programs, and movies.

## References
The Secret Garden

***The Secret Garden*** is a children's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was published in parts (serialization) in *The American Magazine* in 1910. It was published in book form in 1911. The story is about three children whose lives are changed while tending a neglected garden. The story has been made into stage plays, television programs, and movies.

## Other websites
* (plain text and HTML illustrated)
**The Secret Garden*, available at Internet Archive. New York : F. A. Stokes, 1911 (color scanned book)
Antonio Jesús Martín Gaitán

**Antonio Jesús Martin Gaitán** (born April 22, 1982 in Málaga) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson.  He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. 

He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships.

## References
Beyond: Two Souls

***Beyond: Two Souls*** is an interactive drama and action-adventure game developed by Quantic Dream and released for the PlayStation 3 in 2013. The game was later remastered and re-released for the PlayStation 4 in 2015, and was also made available for Microsoft Windows in 2019. It is directed and written by David Cage, the founder of Quantic Dream, and features performances by actors Elliot Page and Willem Dafoe. The player controls Jodie Holmes through 15 years of her life from age eight to age 23 as she goes on a journey to discover the true meaning of the entity Aiden, who has been alongside her throughout her life.

The game received mixed reviews upon release.

## Development
The game was announced at Sony's press conference during the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012 by David Cage. At that conference, Page was confirmed to star in the game. The game's soundtrack was composed by Normand Corbeil, who died of pancreatic cancer on 25 January 2013 before the game's release. The soundtrack was later completed by Lorne Balfe.

## Reception
Beyond: Two Souls received mixed reviews upon release. Critics praised Page's performance, with IGN's Colin Moriarty writing "*Beyond: Two Souls* is compelling enough, principally thanks to a remarkable performance from [Elliot] Page. But never before have I felt like such a passive participant in a video game, my choices and actions merely icing on a dense, multi-layered cake." Similarly, Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell stating that "*Beyond* is [...] poorly served by the limited interactivity and stodgy controls of Quantic's interactive drama formula."

## Remaster
Along with *Heavy Rain*, which was also made by Quantic Dream, *Beyond: Two Souls* received a remaster on PlayStation 4, which released on 24 November 2015.

## PC port
The game was released alongside *Heavy Rain* and *Detroit: Become Human* for PC's running Microsoft Windows on 22 July 2019.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King

The **Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King** is an American helicopter built by Sikorsky. It was used by the U.S. Navy between 1961 and 2006 for finding and destroying submarines, search and rescue, and utility. It produced under licence in Italy, Japan, and United Kingdom for military users. Civil helicopters are known as **Sikorsky S-61**.

## Design 
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King is a twin-engines helicopter, with a five-blade rotor. It is made of metal. It can carry torpedos or naval missiles like American *Harpoon* or French *Exocet*. It can carry up to 15 passengers or injured on board. The cockpit is for two people, pilot and co-pilot.

## Military users 
**Sea King** is (or was) used in 2013 by : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and USA. Countries that used British versions of Sea King are not included, see at Westland Sea King.

## Bibliography 
* Jackson, Robert, *Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft* (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
* Gaillard, Pierre, ''Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui* Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
* Biass, Eric H. *World Helicopter Systems.'' Geneva, Switzerland : Interavia Data, 1985.
Contrail

leaving a contrail.]]
A **contrail** (condensation trail) is a cloud-like trail of water vapor or ice crystals left by an airplane. When jet fuel burns, it produces water vapor and carbon dioxide. The water vapor condenses (turns from gas to liquid) because of the low temperature at the high altitude that the plane is flying. The chemtrail conspiracy theory claims that these trails may contain harmful chemicals being sprayed by government organizations.
ʻIolani Palace

**Iolani Palace** is a building in downtown Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It was a palace for the kings and queens of Hawaii. It is the only palace in the United States that was used as an official residence by a reigning monarch. Two monarchs governed from Iolani Palace. They were King Kalākaua and Queen Liliuokalani. After Hawaii stopped having kings and queens in 1893, the building was used as the state's capitol building until 1969.

In 1962, Iolani Palace became a National Historic Landmark. The palace was restored and opened to the public as a museum in 1978.

## History
### Royal palace
Iolani Palace was built when the king of Hawaii was David Kalākaua. Kalākaua had seen royal palaces in Europe. He had Iolani Palace designed to be like those. It was built of brick and concrete. The building was completed in November 1882. It cost over $340,000. It measures about . It is two stories high. It has a basement. It has four corner towers. It has two towers in the center that are  high.

Iolani Palace is the only building of its architectural style. The style is called "American Florentine". The palace had electricity and telephones even before the White House had them.

### Executive Building
After Hawaii stopped having kings and queens in 1893, the new government of Hawaii took over Iolani Palace. The palace was renamed the "Executive Building" for the Republic of Hawaii. Officials made a record of what was in the building. The things that could not be used by the new government were sold at public auctions.

Queen Liliuokalani was imprisoned for nine months in a small room on the upper floor after a rebellion in 1895. The quilt she made is still there.

### Palace Restoration
In 1930, the inside of Iolani Palace was remodeled. The wood framing was replaced by steel and reinforced concrete. In 1935, the name was changed back to Iolani Palace.

Iolani Palace was made an official National Historic Landmark on December 29, 1962.  On October 15, 1966, it was added as site 66000293 to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu. In the basement is a photographic display of the Palace, the Hawaiian crown jewels, awards given by the monarchs, and regalia worn by the high chiefs of the islands.

The grounds of Iolani Palace are managed by the Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources. The palace building itself is managed as a historical house museum by the Friends of Iolani Palace, a non-profit non-governmental organization. The birthdays of King Kalākaua (November 16) and Queen Kapiolani (December 28) are celebrated with ceremonies.

## References
## Other websites
* Friends of Iolani Palace
* Iolani Palace oral history on *Pacific Worlds*
* Iolani Palace and the Overthrow of the Monarchy on *Pacific Worlds*
Ragged Dick

***Ragged Dick; or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks*** is a boys' book by Horatio Alger, Jr. It was published in parts (serialization) in the magazine *Student and Schoolmate* in 1867. It was then published as a book in 1868 by A. K. Loring of Boston, Massachusetts. It was the first of six books in the *Ragged Dick* series. It was Alger's bestselling book.

## Story
Ragged Dick is a poor bootblack (shoe shine boy) in New York City. He makes his life better by working hard and being honest. He opens a bank account and takes a frail boy named Fosdick into his little apartment. Fosdick teaches Dick to read, write, and do arithmetic. One day, Dick saves a rich man's child from drowning. He is rewarded with money and a clerk's job in the man's firm.

## References
A Little Princess

***A Little Princess*** is a children's book by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was published in 1905. The story is about a rich little girl who suddenly becomes poor. The book has been made into stage plays, television programs, and movies.

In 2007, the National Education Association named the book one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children."

## References
Kidnapped (novel)

***Kidnapped*** is a book by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published in 1886. It tells the story of the 18th-century "Appin Murder" following the Jacobite Rising. Some of the characters in the book were based on real people. The book has been adapted to movies many times and to comic books.

## Related pages
* Kidnapped (movie)

## References
Green Mansions

***Green Mansions: A Romance of the Tropical Forest*** is a book by W. H. Hudson (William Henry Hudson). It was published in 1904. The story is about a jungle-dwelling girl, Rima, and Abel, the man who loves her. The story has been adapted to opera, a movie starring Audrey Hepburn, and comic books.

## More reading
*.
Westland Sea King

**Westland Sea King** is a British helicopter built by Westland. It is a licence-built version of the American SH-3 Sea King. Transport duty versions are known as **Westland Commando**.

## Utility 
Westland Sea King is used for finding and destroying submarines, search and rescue, VIP air transport, utility, electronic warfare, and special forces support.

## Users 
In 2013 **Westland Sea King** is (or was) in service in Australia, Belgium, Egypt, Germany, India, Norway, Pakistan, Qatar, UK. In the UK, the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy used this helicopter.

## Sources 
* Jackson, Robert, *Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft* (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
* Gaillard, Pierre, ''Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui'' Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2006

The **Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2006** was the fourth edition of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest. It was for young singers aged 8 to 15. The contest was broadcast live from Bucharest, Romania on 2 December 2006. It was the second time the contest had been held in a capital city. It was organised by the Romanian national broadcaster, Romanian Television (TVR), in co-operation with the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). TVR won the rights to host the contest over AVRO of the Netherlands (who hosted the next contest). Croatia also showed an interest in hosting this contest.

## Results
## Score sheet
### 12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points received:

* All countries were given 12 points at the start of voting. This is so no country gets nul points.

## Commentators
*  - Pavlo Shylko (DJ Pasha)
*  - Fernando Argenta & Lucho
*  - André Vermeulen (VRT), Maureen Louys (RTBF)
*  - Olga Shelest
*  - Adam Alsing (TV4)

## Spokespersons 
* - Joana Galo Costa
* - George Ioannidies
* - Tess Gaerthe (Represented Netherlands in 2005)
* - Andrea Nastase
* - Assol
* - Lucia
* - Milica Stanišić
* - Jack Curtis
* - Dennis Dimoski
* - Amy Diamond
* - Alexandros Chountas
* - Liza Anton-Baychuk
* - Sander Cliquet
* - Lorena Jelusić
* - Roman Kerimov

## References
## Other websites
;Official websites
*Official Junior Eurovision Song Contest website
*TVR website 

;News sites
*Junior Eurovision coverage by ESCKaz, in English and Russian
*ESCToday.com news
The Black Arrow

***The Black Arrow: A Tale of the Two Roses*** is a book by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published in 1888.  It has been adapted to movies, comic books, and other media.

## References
Island Nights' Entertainments

'''''Island Nights' Entertainments'''* is a book of three short stories by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published in 1893. It is also known as *South Sea Tales''. The stories are "The Beach of Falesá", "The Bottle Imp", and "The Isle of Voices". The book was one of the last books Stevenson wrote. He died in 1894.

## References
A Child's Garden of Verses

'''''A Child's Garden of Verses''''' is a book of poems by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published in 1885. The book's subject is childhood. Well-known poems include "My Shadow", "The Swing", and "The Land of Counterpane".

## Other websites
* "A Child's Garden of Verses" at Bartleby.com
The Young Acrobat

***The Young Acrobat of the Great North American Circus*** is a boys' book by Horatio Alger, Jr. It was first published in parts (serialization) in the magazine *Golden Argosy* in 1887. It was published as a book in 1888 by Frank A. Munsey of New York. The setting of the book was suggested to the writer by his friend, circus showman P. T. Barnum.

## Story
Kit, a young teen boy, is an orphan. He is cheated of his inheritance by his . His guardian sends him off to work with a brutal, stupid blacksmith. The boy runs away. He joins the circus. He is followed by the blacksmith. The boy stays away from him. He becomes a big star in the circus. Later, he is restored to his rightful place with the help of a man who was his father's friend.

## References
Nintendo Direct

***Nintendo Direct*** is an online presentation produced by Nintendo. It is used to give information about upcoming Nintendo content and products such as video games and consoles. It is hosted by different people depending on the country where it airs. In Japan, it was hosted by Nintendo president Satoru Iwata but ever since he died in July 2015, It has been hosted by Yoshiaki Koizumi. In North America, it is hosted by Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aime. In Europe, it is hosted by Nintendo of Europe president Satoru Shibata. It began in Japan on October 21, 2011. It started to air in other countries later on. There are five different types of *Nintendo Direct* presentations:

***Nintendo Direct:** A 30-50 minute presentation about all different types of Nintendo products. They take place every two months.
***Wii U Direct:** A 30-50 minute presentation about the Wii U.
***Nintendo 3DS Direct:** A 30-50 minute presentation about the Nintendo 3DS.
***Nintendo Direct Mini:** A 5-10 minute presentation about all different types of Nintendo products.
***Special Nintendo Direct editions:** A 30-50 minute presentation about a specific Nintendo or third-party (not directly tied to Nintendo) franchise.

## References
Jack and Jill: A Village Story

***Jack and Jill: A Village Story*** is a children's book by Louisa May Alcott. It was published in 1880.

## Story
Jack Minot and Janey Pecq are best friends who live next door to each other.  They are always seen together. Janey gets the nickname of Jill, to mimic the old Jack and Jill rhyme.  Seriously injured in a sledding accident, they recover from their physical injuries, while learning life lessons along with their many friends. They are helped along their journey to recovery by various activities created by their mothers.

## References
## Other websites
*Original text at Project Gutenberg
*Literature Network
*Daily Lit
Archimedes' screw

'''Archimedes' screw''' is a hydraulic machine. It is a type of pump used for raising water up. It is a screw inside a fairly tight-fitting cylinder. With the bottom end in water, the screw lifts water up to the top, where it pours out of a spout. The screw can be turned by hand, or by a windmill, or by an engine. The screw is often used for filling irrigation ditches.

Archimedes wrote about it when he was in Alexandria, Egypt. It is not known for certain whether he did invent it, but it is always attributed to him. The Archimedes screw is still much in use all over the world.

There is also a kind of reverse Archimedes' screw. Water poured in on top turns the screw. The turning drives an electric generator, which makes electricity. It is good for rivers with modest water drops ('low heads'). The reverse screw has the same benefits as using the screw for pumping: it can handle very dirty water and widely varying rates of flow, with high efficiency.

## References 
** P. J. Kantert: „Manual for Archimedean Screw Pump“, Hirthammer Verlag 2008, .
** P. J. Kantert: „Praxishandbuch Schneckenpumpe“, Hirthammer Verlag 2008, .
William Henry Hudson

**William Henry Hudson** (4 August 1841 &ndash; 18 August 1922) was a writer, naturalist, and ornithologist. He wrote ''Green Mansions.

## Related pages
*List of biologists

## Other websites
*  (plain text and HTML)
Game (game theory)

A **game** in game theory is a mathematical model, which is used to describe a process, as follows:
#There are several actors
#Each actor can influence the state of the model by choosing one among several options
#This choice influences the state of the system, and the choices the other actors have
This definition excludes all "games" where there is only one actor. Game theory developed from describing very specific games into a model that is used for strategic decision-making. John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern first described game theory. Other people known for their work in game theory include Émile Borel.
Angus King

**Angus Stanley King, Jr.** (born March 31, 1944) is an American politician and the junior United States Senator from the state of Maine.  A political independent, he served as the 72nd Governor of Maine from 1995 to 2003.

King won Maine's United States Senate election in Maine, 2012 and took office on January 3, 2013. For committee assignment purposes, he caucuses with the Democratic Party.

King was born on March 31, 1944 in Alexandria, Virginia. He studied at Dartmouth College and at University of Virginia. King has been married to Mary Herman since 1984. They have five children. He now lives in Brunswick, Maine.

## References
## Other websites
*U.S. Senate website
*Angus King for U.S. Senate  *official campaign site*
* June 2006 Speech by Angus King on the Maine laptop program 
* King family site documenting the motorhome trip. (retrieved September 13, 2006)
Neil Simon

**Neil Simon** (July 4, 1927 &ndash; August 26, 2018) was an American playwright and screenwriter. He wrote more than thirty plays and almost the same number of movie screenplays, most adapted from his plays. He has received more Oscar and Tony Award nominations than any other writer. He also had Alzheimer's disease.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* video: "Neil Simon's Broadway", 6 minutes
* Neil Simon Theatre Festival
* PBS article, American Masters
*
Olga Prokhvatylo

**Olga Borisovna Prokhvatylo** (; July 18, 1968 – June 8, 2013) was a Russian actress and comedian most famous for her roles in Russian TV Series of 2000s.

## Death 
After having back pains, Prokhvatylo died in Moscow on June 8, 2013 from heart failure.

## References
## Other websites
Ezra

**Ezra** (; , *Ezra*; fl. 480–440 BC), is a highly respected figure in Judaism.

## Name
He is called **Ezra the Scribe** (, *Ezra ha-Sofer*) and **Ezra the Priest** in the Book of Ezra. In an early Greek translation of the bible, the Septuagint, the name is written as *Esdras* (), from which comes . His name may be an abbreviation of '''', "God-helps".

In Islam he is known as Uzair (). He was mentioned in the Qur'an.

## Early bible history
The *Book of Ezra* and *Book of Nehemiah* are the oldest sources for the history of Ezra,.

Some years later the king Artaxerxes sent a Jewish nobleman, Nehemiah, to Jerusalem. He had to rebuild the city walls. Once this was done, Nehemiah asked Ezra to read the Law of Moses (the Torah) to the people. The people and priests agreed to keep to this law and to separate themselves from all other peoples.

## Later literature
The second book of Esdras was written a lot later, c. AD 100. In this book, Ezra talks with an angel or God three times and has four visions. At the end, he is taken up to heaven like Enoch and Elijah.

It is said that Ezra was the writer of the Books of Chronicles.

## Related pages
*Esdras -  about the classification of the books ascribed to Ezra
*Book of Ezra and Book of Nehemiah - the non-rabbinical tradition
*1 Esdras and 2 Esdras - the Greek version of the texts

## References 
## Other websites 
* Jewish Encyclopedia: Ezra the Scribe
* Catholic Encyclopedia: Esdras
Turkana boy

**Turkana boy**, or **Nariokotome boy**, is the nickname for a fossil skeleton found in 1984. Its official name is **KNM-WT 15000**. It is a nearly complete skeleton of a hominid who died in the early Pleistocene epoch 1.5 million years ago (mya), near present-day Lake Turkana in northwest Kenya. 

This specimen is the most complete early human skeleton ever found. It was first classified as *Homo erectus*; after much heated debate, it was re-classified as *Homo ergaster*. The shape of the pelvis shows that the specimen was a male. 

The skeleton was discovered in 1984 by Kamoya Kimeu, a member of a team led by Richard Leakey, at Nariokotome near Lake Turkana.

## Characteristics 
### Height 
Scientists first thought that Turkana boy would have been 1.85 meters tall, but recently a height of 1.63 meters was proposed. 

### Age 
Scientists do not know exactly how old Turkana boy was when he died. Estimates say he was between 7 years six months and 15 years old. The most recent scientific review suggests he was 8 years old.

The skeleton still had features not seen in *H. sapiens* (such as a low sloping forehead, strong brow ridges, and the absence of a chin). The arms were slightly longer. Turkana Boy had a projecting nose rather than the open flat nose seen in apes.

## References 
### Sources
* 
*  – Good popular level presentation
*  – Technical papers
*
Sisseton, South Dakota

**Sisseton** is a city in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Roberts County, and 2,479 people lived there at the 2020 census. Sisseton became a city in 1907.

## References 
## Other websites 
*City of Sisseton website
Heinkel He 114

Heinkel He 114 during World War II.]]
The **Heinkel He 114** is a Nazi German two-seated biplane seaplane. It is used by Luftwaffe, and Romanian, Spanish, and Swedish air forces for aerial reconnaissance. Maiden flight was in 1936 and it started on unit on 1939. It was built by Heinkel.
Neurodiversity

**Neurodiversity** is a word for differences in people's brains. It is a type of biodiversity (diversity in living creatures).

It describes the vast range of neurotypes that humans have as a species, and the variation from person to person. 

## Movement 
The neurodiversity movement is an approach to mental disability in which some neurological conditions are variations of the human brain. The term was first used in the late 1990s as a challenge to the idea that neurological differences are disorders instead of features. The movement believes that these variations should be recognised as a social category along with gender, human race and sexual orientation, the people with the neurological variations in question often adopt the label of Neurodivergent (as opposed to Neurotypical; refering to the subjectively typical brain function of someone who isn't neurodivergent.)

## Related pages 
*Autism rights movement
*Biodiversity

## References
Luo Meizhen

**Luo Meizhen** (July 9, 1885 – June 11, 2013) was a Chinese woman who claimed to be the world's oldest person. It is unknown if Meizhen was the world's oldest person since there China did not keep birth certificates when she was born. She was allegedly, probably, the world's oldest woman. 

Meizhen died of natural causes at the claimed age of 127 on June 11, 2013 in Guangxi

## References
Hampstead Heath

**Hamstead Heath** is a large park and countryside located in Hampstead, North London, which is taken care of by the City of London.

## See
*Website
Milt Schmidt

**Milton Conrad Schmidt** (March 5, 1918 &ndash; January 4, 2017) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre, coach and general manager, mostly for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League. He was an Honoured Member of the Hockey Hall of Fame. From 2014 until his death in 2017, Schmidt was the oldest living former NHL player.

Schmidt was born on March 5, 1918 in Kitchener, Ontario. He was raised in Toronto, Ontario. Schmidt died on January 4, 2017 from a stroke in Needham, Massachusetts, aged 98.

## References
Gordon B. Hinckley

**Gordon Bitner Hinckley** (June 23, 1910 &ndash; January 27, 2008) was an American religious leader and author. He was the 15th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from March 12, 1995 until his death. Considered a prophet, seer, and revelator by church members. Hinckley was the oldest person to preside over the church in its history.

Hinckley was born on June 23, 1910 in Salt Lake City, Utah. He studied at the University of Utah. Hinckley was married to Marjorie Pay in 1937. She died in 2004. They had five children. Hinckley died on January 27, 2008 in Salt Lake City, Utah from cancer, aged 97. 

## References
## Other websites
*Obituary in *The Times*, January 29, 2008 
* Official Church History - Basic Facts about Gordon B. Hinckley
* A biography of three recent Church Presidents: Ezra Taft Benson, Howard W. Hunter and Gordon B. Hinckley
* Larry King Live - Gordon Hinckley: Distinguished Religious Leader of the Mormons (Aired December 26, 2004)
* Transcript: National Press Club Q&A with President Gordon B. Hinckley  (Questions from Jack Cushman, The New York Times)
* Feature story — President Gordon B. Hinckley on lds.org
* Official Church tribute to Gordon B. Hinckley
* Quotes, teachings, stories, and videos of President Hinckley
* Grandpa Bill's G.A. Pages: Gordon B. Hinckley 
*
Happy Feet Two

***Happy Feet Two*** is a 2011 Australian-American 3D computer-animated family musical movie directed by George Miller. It is a sequel to Miller's 2006 movie *Happy Feet*. It stars Elijah Wood, Robin Williams, Hugo Weaving, Magda Szubanski and Anthony LaPaglia reprising their roles from the first movie. Brad Pitt also stars in the movie.

## References
C-3PO

*.]]

**C-3PO** is a fictional character in the *Star Wars* series. He is a translator droid/robot that speaks over 6 million languages. He has a humanoid form and is present in every movie of the saga with the exception of Solo. His companion is R2-D2. Anthony Daniels plays C-3PO and is the only person to appear in all 11 *Star Wars'' films.
Short 330

in 1983.]]
The **Short 330** is a British twin-engines airliner used for regional and domestic flights. It can carry about 30 passengers. It was built between 1974 and 1992 by Short Brothers in Belfast. It is used by the US Army and US Air Force as **C-23 Sherpa**. Short 360 is a modernized variant.
Mario Kart 8

***Mario Kart 8*** (stylized as ***MARIOKART8***) is a racing video game released on May 30, 2014 in North America and Europe It was released a day earlier in Japan on May 29, 2014, and a day later in Australia on May 31, 2014 for the Wii U game console. It is part of the *Mario Kart* series.

The game is like the other *Mario Kart* games, where characters from the *Mario* series race each other in go-karts. Players are able to use items from item boxes to keep their opponents from winning. Along with go-karts, the game also has motorcycles. There are 12 players in a race. Like in *Mario Kart 7*, karts have hang-gliding attachments, and players are able to drive underwater. For the first time in the series, players are able to drive on walls and ceilings. There is one new type of vehicle: four-wheel buggies. There is local and online multiplayer for up to 12 players. Players include Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach, etc. The first DLC track pack was revealed in February 2013.

On April 8th, 2024, online services for the Wii U were discontinued. This includes *Mario Kart 8*.

An improved port titled ***Mario Kart 8 Deluxe*** was released on the Nintendo Switch in 2017, having all the original DLC come with the game and changed some in-game mechanics such as the battle mode. All characters are unlocked from the start except Gold Mario. The port received widespread critical acclaim due to big improvements over the original game.

In 2022, a new wave of DLC called "Booster Course Pass" was announced and released.

Mario Kart 8 sold 8.45 million copies and Mario Kart 8 Deluxe sold 33.41 million copies.

## References
Ann Turner Cook

**Ann Turner Cook** (November 20, 1926 &ndash; June 3, 2022) was an American mystery novelist, who was the model for the familiar Gerber Baby artwork seen on baby-food packages of the Gerber Products Company.

Cook was born on November 20, 1926. She studied at the University of Southern Florida. 

After retiring from teaching, Cook became a novelist. A member of the Mystery Writers of America, she was the author of the Brandy O'Bannon series of mystery novels set on Florida's Gulf Coast. The adventures of Florida reporter and amateur sleuth O'Bannon are detailed in *Trace Their Shadows* (2001) and *Shadow over Cedar Key* (2003).

She died at her home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on June 3, 2022, at age 95.

## References
## Other websites
*Ann Turner Cook's website 
*USF 50th Anniversary—College of Education Philanthropic Activities (with photo of Ann Turner Cook)
Shane

**Shane** is a male first name, or a surname. Shane has been a favored name for males for centuries, with Irish roots and a derivation from the Gaelic name Seán, signifying "God is gracious." The name has been in use in Ireland since the 6th century and has subsequently spread to other regions of the globe. It is a form of the Irish name Sean, or Shawn, which means John. The pronunciation of the name is [ sheyn ].  This name was ranked #493 on the US Popular Names in 2021. 

## People
*Paul Shane, English actor
*Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
*Shane MacDougall, Canadian comedian
*Shane MacGowen, lead singer of The Pogues.
*Shane McMahon, wrestler
*Shane Mosley, boxer
*Shane Johnson, ice hockey player
*Shane Lechler, football player
*Shane O'Connor, rugby player
*Shane Harper, American actor, singer-songwriter, and dancer
*Shane Doan, Canadian ice hockey player
*Shane Gillis, American comedian and a very serious Norte Dame football enthusiast

## Fiction
*Shane (1953 movie), a Western starring Alan Ladd.

## References
Super Mario 3D World

***Super Mario 3D World*** is a 2013 platform video game released for the Wii U. It is part of the *Mario* series. It is the sequel to the 2011 Nintendo 3DS game *Super Mario 3D Land*. It was released in Japan on November 21, 2013, in North America on November 22, 2013, in Europe on November 29, 2013, and in Australia on November 30, 2013. A Nintendo Switch remaster, '''''Super Mario 3D World + Bowser's Fury'''*, was announced during a *Super Mario Bros. 35th Anniversary* themed Nintendo Direct and was released worldwide on February 12, 2021.

## Gameplay
Players control Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach, and Toad. Like in *Super Mario Bros. 2*, each character has its own unique abilities. Luigi can jump higher than other characters, Princess Peach can float in midair for a short time, and Toad can run fast. Rosalina also appears as a fifth playable character, who needs to be unlocked in order to play as her. She can use the spin attack move that is seen in *Super Mario Galaxy* and *Super Mario Galaxy 2'', but is the slowest character. There is a new item called the Super Bell that turns the player into their cat form, which allows players to climb up walls, run faster, perform unique attacks, and run up to the top of the goal pole at the end of each level. The game features a multiplayer mode.

## References
The Pogues

**The Pogues** are an English Celtic punk band. The band was founded in 1982 in London by Shane MacGowan, Spider Stacy, and Jem Finer. MacGowan was the lead singer. Joe Strummer also played with them. They are best known for their Christmas song "Fairytale of New York", recorded with Kirsty MacColl.

The band broke up in 2014, but got back together in 2024. Current members are Spider Stacy, Jem Finer, and James Fearnley. They are all from England.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Band's web site
Unpaid work

**Unpaid work** is work without . It may be provided by people who are members of a family;  workers who work for charity or recreation; students who take internship or apprenticeship positions for experience. This may be different to forced labour, in which the worker is a prisoner or a slave.

## References
Jeanne Tripplehorn

**Jeanne Marie Tripplehorn** (born June 10, 1963) is an American actress. She began her career on stage, acting in several plays throughout the early 1990s, including Anton Chekhov's *Three Sisters* on Broadway. Her movie career began with the role of a police psychologist in the erotic thriller *Basic Instinct* (1992). Her other movie roles include *The Firm* (1993), *Waterworld* (1995) and *Sliding Doors* (1998). In television, she starred as Barbara Henrickson on the HBO drama series *Big Love* (2006–2011) and as Dr. Alex Blake on the CBS police drama *Criminal Minds* (2012–2014), and she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for her performance as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in the 2009 HBO movie *Grey Gardens*.
Tripplehorn was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

## Other websites 
*
*
Short 360

Short 360.]]
The **Short 360** is a twin-engined British airliner built by Short Brothers in Belfast. Used for domestic flights, it can carry about 30 passengers. It is a variant of the Short 330. Its first test flight was in 1981. It was built between 1981 and 1991.