Martin Gardner

**Martin Gardner** (October 21, 1914 – May 22, 2010) was an American writer. 
## Overview
**Martin Gardner** had many interests and wrote about many topics. He wrote about mathematics, magic, literature, philosophy, skepticism, and religion. He wrote the "Mathematical Games" column in the *Scientific American* magazine from 1956 to 1981.  After that, he wrote the "Notes of a Fringe Watcher" column in the *Skeptical Inquirer* magazine. 
## Authorship
Gardner published over 70 books. He wrote under numerous pen names.  As "Uriah Fuller" he wrote *Confessions of a Psychic*.  As "George Groth", he criticized his book, *The Whys of a Philosophical Scrivener*.

## Works 
* List of Martin Gardner Mathematical Games columns

### Books 
* 1952 *In the Name of Science* G. P. Putnam's Sons
* 1956 *Mathematics, Magic and Mystery* Dover; 
* 1957 *Science Puzzlers* The Viking Press, Scholastic Book Services
* 1957 *Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science* Dover;  (expansion of *In the Name of Science*)
* 1957 *Great Essays in Science* (editor); Prometheus Books (Reprint edition 1994) 
* 1957 *The Wizard of Oz and Who He Was*. (with Russel B. Nye) Michigan State University Press. Revised 1994.
* 1958 *Logic Machines and Diagrams*. McGraw-Hill New York
* 1960 *The Annotated Alice* New York: Bramhall House Clarkson Potter. Lib of Congress #60-7341 (no ISBN)
* 1962 *The Annotated Snark* New York: Simon & Schuster. (Unabridged *Hunting of the snark* with introduction and *extensive* notes from Gardner). 1998 reprint, Penguin Classics; 
* 1962 *Relativity for the Million* New York: MacMillan Company (o.p.). Revised and updated 1976 as *The Relativity Explosion* New York: Vintage Books. Revised and enlarged 1996 as *Relativity Simply Explained* New York: Dover; 
* 1964 *The Ambidextrous Universe: Mirror Asymmetry and Time-Reversed Worlds* (Revised ed., 1990 as *The New Ambidextrous Universe: Symmetry and Asymmetry from Mirror Reflections to Superstrings*; 3rd ed., 2005, Dover; )
* 1965 *The Annotated Ancient Mariner* New York: Clarkson Potter, Reprint. Prometheus. 
* 1967 *Annotated Casey at the Bat: A Collection of Ballads about the Mighty Casey* New York: Clarkson Potter. Reprint. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.  Reprint. New York: Dover, 1995. 
* 1973 *The Flight of Peter Fromm*, Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc. Prometheus Books; Reprint edition (1994) 
* 1975 *Mathematical Carnival: A New Round-up of Tantalizers and Puzzles from "Scientific American"*, Knopf Publishing Group; 
* 1976 *The Incredible Dr. Matrix*, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons; 
* 1978 *Aha! Insight*, W.H. Freeman & Company; 
* 1981 *Science: Good, Bad, and Bogus*, Prometheus Books;  (paperback),  (hardback),  (Avon pocket paperback)
* 1981 *Entertaining Science Experiments With Everyday Objects*; Dover; 
* 1982 *Aha! Gotcha: Paradoxes to Puzzle and Delight* (Tools for Transformation); W.H. Freeman & Company; 
* 1983 *The Whys of a Philosophical Scrivener*, 1999 reprint St. Martin's Griffin; 
* 1983 *Order and Surprise*, Prometheus Books, 
* 1984 *Codes, Ciphers and Secret Writing (Test Your Code Breaking Skills)*, Dover; 
* 1985 *Magic Numbers of Dr Matrix*, Prometheus Books; 
* 1986 *Entertaining Mathematical Puzzles*, Dover; 
* 1987 *The No-Sided Professor and other tales of fantasy, humor, mystery, and philosophy*, Prometheus Books; 
* 1987 *The Annotated Innocence of Father Brown* Oxford University Press,  (Notes by Gardner, on G. K. Chesterton’s stories).
* 1987 *Riddles of the Sphinx* Mathematical Association of American,  (collection of articles from Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine)
* 1987 *Time Travel and Other Mathematical Bewilderments*, W.H. Freeman & Company; 
* 1988 *Perplexing Puzzles and Tantalizing Teasers*, Dover; 
* 1988 *New Age: Notes of a Fringe Watcher*, Prometheus Books;  (collection of "Notes of a Fringe Watcher" columns)
* 1990 *More Annotated Alice*, Random House;  (a "supplement" to *The Annotated Alice*)
* 1991 *The Unexpected Hanging and Other Mathematical Diversions*, University Of Chicago Press; Reprint edition; 
* 1991 ''The Annotated Night Before Christmas: A Collection Of Sequels, Parodies, And Imitations Of Clement Moore's Immortal Ballad About Santa Claus Edited, with an introduction and notes, by Martin Gardner*, Summit Books (Reprinted, Prometheus Books, 1995); 
* 1991 *Fractal Music, Hypercards and More*; W. H. Freeman
* 1992 *On the Wild Side*, Prometheus Books;  (collection of "Notes of a Fringe Watcher" columns)
* 1993 *The Healing Revelations of Mary Baker Eddy*, Prometheus Books,
* 1994 *My Best Mathematical and Logic Puzzles*, Dover; 
* 1995 *Classic Brainteasers*, Sterling Publishing; 
* 1995 *Urantia: The Great Cult Mystery*, Prometheus Books; 
* 1996 *Weird Water & Fuzzy Logic: More Notes of a Fringe Watcher*, Prometheus Books;  (collection of "Notes of a Fringe Watcher" columns)
* 1997 *The Night Is Large : Collected Essays, 1938-1995'', St. Martin's Griffin; 
* 1998 *Calculus Made Easy*, St. Martin's Press; Revised edition  (Revisions and additions to the 1910 calculus textbook by Silvanus P. Thompson.)
* 1998 ''Martin Gardner's Table Magic*, Dover; 
* 1998 *Mathematical Recreations: A Collection in Honor of Martin Gardner*, edited by David A. Klamer, Dover; 
* 1999 *Gardner's Whys & Wherefores* Prometheus Books; 
* 1999 *The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition* ; W.W. Norton & Company; 
* 1999 *The Annotated Thursday: G. K. Chesterton's Masterpiece, the Man Who Was Thursday by G. K. Chesterton*, Edited by Martin Gardner.
* 2000 *From the Wandering Jew to William F. Buckley, Jr. : On Science, Literature, and Religion*, Prometheus Books; 
* 2000 *The Annotated Wizard of Oz*, New York: W.W. Norton & Company;  (introduction)
* 2001 *A Gardner's Workout: Training the Mind and Entertaining the Spirit* 
* 2001 *Mathematical Puzzle Tales''; Mathematical Association of America  (collection of articles from Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine)
* 2001 *Did Adam and Eve Have Navels?: Debunking Pseudoscience*, W.W. Norton & Company;  (collection of "Notes of a Fringe Watcher" columns)
* 2002 ''Martin Gardner's Favorite Poetic Parodies* Prometheus Books; 
* 2003 *Are Universes Thicker Than Blackberries?: Discourses on Gödel, Magic Hexagrams, Little Red Riding Hood, and Other Mathematical and Pseudoscientific Topics*,  (collection of "Notes of a Fringe Watcher" columns and others)
* 2004 *Smart Science Tricks*, Sterling; 
* 2007 *The Jinn from Hyperspace: And Other Scribblings—both Serious and Whimsical*, Prometheus Books; 
* 2008 *Bamboozlers: The Book of Bankable Bar Betchas, Brain Bogglers, Belly Busters & Bewitchery by Diamond Jim Tyler*, Diamond Jim Productions;  (introduction)
* 2009 *When You Were a Tadpole and I was a Fish and other Speculations about This and That*, Hill and Wang; 
* 2009 *The Upside-Down World of Gustave Verbeek*, Sunday Press Books;  (introduction)
* (For a downloadable version of *The Mathemagician and the Pied Puzzler*, another tribute book, see other websites below)

Note: Gardner also wrote some books on magic for professional magicians. These books are not listed here.

### Collected *Scientific American'' columns 
Martin Gardner's columns from *Scientific American* are printed in 15 books. Don Knuth calls these books "the Canon".
* *Hexaflexagons and Other Mathematical Diversions: The First Scientific American Book of Puzzles and Games* 1959; University of Chicago Press 1988  (originally published as *The Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions*)
* *The Second Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions* 1961; University of Chicago Press 1987; 
* ''Martin Gardner's New Mathematical Diversions from Scientific American* 1966; Simon and Schuster; reprinted by Mathematical Association of America 1995
* *Numerology of Dr. Matrix* 1967; reprinted/expanded as *The Magic Numbers of Dr. Matrix*; Prometheus Books;  / 
* *Unexpected Hangings, and Other Mathematical Diversions* Simon & Schuster 1968; reprinted by University of Chicago Press, 1991 
* *The Sixth Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions* Simon & Schuster 1971
* *Mathematical Carnival* Vintage 1975; reprinted by Mathematical Association of America
* *Mathematical Magic Show* Vintage 1977; reprinted by Mathematical Association of America
* *Mathematical Circus* Vintage 1979; reprinted by Mathematical Association of America
* *Wheels, Life, and Other Mathematical Amusements* 1983; W. H. Freeman & Co. 
* *Knotted Doughnuts and Other Mathematical Entertainments* 1986; W. H. Freeman & Co. 
* *Time Travel and Other Mathematical Bewilderments* 1988; W. H. Freeman & Co. 
* *Penrose Tiles to Trapdoor Ciphers* 1989; W. H. Freeman & Co. ; reprinted by Mathematical Association of America
* *Fractal Music, Hypercards and More* 1991; W. H. Freeman
* *Last Recreations: Hydras, Eggs, and other Mathematical Mystifications'' 1997; Springer Verlag; 

Three other books print some or all of Martin Gardner's columns from Scientific American:
* *The Colossal Book of Mathematics: Classic Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Problems* 2001; W.W. Norton & Company;  (a "best of" collection)
* ''Martin Gardner's Mathematical Games* 2005; Mathematical Association of America;  (CD-ROM of all fifteen books above, encompassing all articles in the column)
* *The Colossal Book of Short Puzzles and Problems* 2006; W.W. Norton & Company; 
## Other websites 
### Interviews 
* 1979 interview with Gardner by Anthony Barcellos for the College Mathematics Journal
* 1998 interview with Gardner  by Kendrick Frazier for the Skeptical Inquirer
* 2004 interview with Gardner  (PDF) by Allyn Jackson for the AMS *Notices''
* The Martin Gardner Interview (2005) - Cambridge University Press blog - Part 1
* The Martin Gardner Interview (2005) - Cambridge University Press blog - Part 2
* The Martin Gardner Interview (2005) - Cambridge University Press blog - Part 3
* The Martin Gardner Interview (2005) - Cambridge University Press blog - Part 4
* The Martin Gardner Interview (2005) - Cambridge University Press blog - Part 5
* 2006 interview with Gardner  by Colm Mulcahy for the MAA Online website
### Tributes 
* James Randi's notes on Gardner, written in the 1960s
* A short Martin Gardner Bio
* About Gathering for Gardner
* (2587) Gardner asteroid
* On-line Gardner bibliography
* Gardner, Martin. "David Bohm and J. Krishnamurti" , *Skeptical Inquirer,* July 2000.
* Gathering for Gardner conference site , G4G, includes downloadable Gardner tribute e-book (The Mathemagician and Pied Puzzler) 
### Obituaries 
* A tribute to Martin Gardner, London Times, 05/24/2010 
* Martin Gardner, 95, a journalist, provided in-depth analysis of Lewis Carroll's Cheshire Cat (Washington Post obituary, May 24, 2010)
* Martin, Douglas, “Martin Gardner, Puzzler and Polymath, Dies at 95” ; *New York Times*, May 23, 2010.
## References