open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
List of World Heritage Sites in Northern and Central Asia

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has 19 World Heritage Sites in six countries of Central and North Asia.  The countries are Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and the Asian part of Russia. The European part of Russia is included in Eastern Europe.

Russia is home to the most sites with 7.  One shares a border with Mongolia in Eastern Asia. The first site from the region was the Itchan Kala in Uzbekistan added in 1990.

## Legend
:**Site**; named after the World Heritage Committee's official designation
:**Location**; at city, regional, or provincial level and geocoordinates
:**Criteria**; as defined by the World Heritage Committee
:**Area**; in hectares and acres. If available, the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO
:**Year**; during which the site was added to the World Heritage List
:**Description**; brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable

## Inscribed sites
## Notes
## References
Agbioeletric

**Agbioeletric** is the first transformer oil made of vegetable seeds. Developed in Brazil by *Faculdade Assis Gurgacz* and produced in the city of Cascavel.

## References
## Other websites
*Site FAG (Faculdade Assis Gurgacz)
Débora Falabella

**Débora Lima Falabella** (born February 22, 1979 in Belo Horizonte) is a Brazilian actress.

Falabella started acting in 1998 on Rede Globo's teen telenovela *Malhação*, as Antônia. She's also appeared in other Rede Globo telenovelas like *Um Anjo Caiu do Céu*, *O Clone* and *Senhora do Destino*. In cinema, she's acted in Brazilian movies like *Cazuza - O Tempo Não Pára*, *Dois Perdidos numa Noite Suja* and *A Dona da História*. 

In the miniseries *JK* she played the role of Sarah Kubitschek, wife of Brazilian president Juscelino Kubitschek. In 2006, she was cast to the leading role in the telenovela *Sinhá Moça*.

## References
## Other websites 
*
List of World Heritage Sites in Western Asia

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has 126 World Heritage Sites in 18 countries/state parties of Western Asia. The countries/state parties are: Armenia (3 World Heritage Sites), Azerbaijan (5), Bahrain (3), Cyprus (3), Georgia (4), Iran (28), Iraq (6), Israel (9), Jordan (7), Lebanon (6), Oman (5), Palestine (5), Saudi Arabia (8), Syria (6), Turkey (21), United Arab Emirates (1), Qatar (1), and Yemen (5). Kuwait, which is also in the region, do not have any World Heritage Sites.

In this region, Iran is home to the most sites with 28 sites.

## Summary 
## Legend
:**Site**; named after the World Heritage Committee's official designation
:**Location**; at city, regional, or provincial level and geocoordinates
:**Criteria**; as defined by the World Heritage Committee
:**Area**; in hectares and acres. If available, the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO
:**Year**; during which the site was added to the World Heritage List
:**Description**; brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable

## Sites
;Notes

## References
Guyancourt

**Guyancourt** is a French commune. It is in the south-western suburbs of Paris 21.2&nbsp;km (13.2&nbsp;mi) from the center. About 28,670 people lived here in 2006.

## Education 
* Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Ma Mère

***Ma Mère*** (*My Mother* in French) is a 2004 drama movie focusing on mother-son incest. This drama was rated NC-17 in the United States. It received mixed although largely negative review by the critics.

## Other websites
* 
*
Astacus astacus

The ***Astacus astacus*** (or **noble crayfish**, **European crayfish**, and **broad-fingered crayfish**) is a species of crayfish in Europe. Like other crayfish, the Astacus astacus lives in fresh water. It can live in streams, rivers, and lakes if it is not polluted. The Astacus astacus can be found living in France, Central Europe, Balkan peninsula, the British Isles, Scandinavia, and western parts of the former Soviet Union. Males can reach 16 cm long and females can reach 12 cm. 

The Astacus astacus is nocturnal, which means that it is only  at night. They eat worms, aquatic insects, mollusks, and plants. They spend the day resting in a burrow. They are sexually mature after three to four years. They breed in October and November of every year. The eggs will stay with the female until May. There are many predators that eat the Astacus astacus such as, minks, eels, perch, pike, otters, and muskrats. Because of the crayfish plaque that was brought from the American species the signal crayfish (*Pacifastacus leniusculus*), it is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List.

## References
Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen

***Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen*** is a 2004 American teen comedy movie. It was written by Gail Parent and is based on the novel of the same name by Dyan Sheldon. It was directed by Sara Sugarman. It was produced by Robert Shapiro and Matthew Hart. It is narrated by and stars Lindsay Lohan as Lola Steppe, a 15-year-old girl who wants to be an actress. She moves from New York City to New Jersey. Her classmates include Ella Gerard (Alison Pill) and Carla Santini (Megan Fox). Adam Garcia plays rock singer Stu Wolff. Glenne Headly plays Lola's mother Karen Cep.

## Other websites 
*
Pseudoscorpion

A **pseudoscorpion** (or **book scorpion**) is an arachnid. They can be  long. The largest known species is *Garypus titanius* of Ascension Island at  .

Pseudoscorpions eat clothes moth larvae, carpet beetle larvae, booklice, ants, mites, and small flies. Because of this, they are liked by humans. The pseudoscorpions are small and cannot harm humans. They are rarely seen because of their size. Some species of pseudoscorpions do a "mating dance" to attract mates. The eggs will stay with the mother until the pseudoscorpions are about a month old. There are more than 3,300 species of pseudoscorpions recorded. The oldest known fossil of pseudoscorpions dates back 380 million years to the Devonian period.

## References 
## Further reading 
* Harvey M.S. 2011. *Pseudoscorpions of the World*, version 2.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Pseudoscorpions of the World
* Joseph C. Chamberlin 1931. *The Arachnid Order Chelonethida*. Stanford University Publications in Biological Science. **7**(1): 1–284.
* W.B. Muchmore 1982. Pseudoscorpionida. In *Synopsis and classification of living organisms*. Vol 2, Parker, S.P.
Teen movie

A **teen movie** is a movie that are made for teenagers or has teen actors. The plots of teen movie are about coming of age, first love, conflicts with parents, and bullying by other teens. Movies in this movie genre are usually set in high school. In some movies, there may be some sexual scenes.

## Types 
*Teen drama (like *The Black Balloon*)
*Teen comedy (like *American Pie* series)
*Teen horror (like *Halloween*)
*Teen musicals (like *High School Musical*)
*Teen romance (like *Gidget*)
*Teen sci-fi (like *Back to the Future*)

## Other websites 
*Entertainment Weekly's 50 Best High School Movies
*High School Reunion Collection 
*LIKE THE 80S - THE 80S TEEN MOVIE SITE
Wet 'n Wild Orlando

'''Wet 'n Wild Orlando''' was a water park in Orlando, Florida. It was founded by Sea World creator George Millay on March 13, 1977. Wet 'n Wild Orlando is the first major water park in the United States. Millay won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the World Waterpark Association. They later named him "Father of the waterpark". The water park has 8 single-person rides, 6 multi-person rides, 1 kids park (a miniature version of all the rides in the park), and 3 other activities (lazy river, volleyball, and surfing).

It was announced on June 17, 2015 that the park would permanently close on December 31, 2016.

It was replaced by Volcano Bay in 2017.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*Official Facebook pages
*Wet 'n Wild Guide
Terry and June

***Terry and June*** is a British sitcom that was shown on BBC One from 1979 until 1987. It stars Terry Scott and June Whitfield as Terry and June Medford, a middle class, middle aged, married couple who live in Purley, London.

## Other websites 
*
Dytiscidae

* is one of 160 genera of **Dytiscidae**]]

The **Dytiscidae** (Greek *dytikos* ("able to dive") is a family of water beetles. They are called **predaceous diving beetles**. They are about 25&nbsp;mm (one inch). The largest beetle, *Dytiscus latissimus*, can reach 45&nbsp;mm long.

Most Dytiscidaes are dark brown, black-ish or dark olive in color with golden highlights in some subfamilies. The larvae are called "water tigers". The water tigers will eat tadpoles and glassworms. They will also eat anything small living in the water. There are about 4,000 species in over 160 genera of Dytiscidae.

## Food 
The *Cybister* can be eaten by humans. In Mexico, *C. explanatus* are roasted and salted onto tacos. In Japan, *C. japonicus* is used as food. In Guangdong Province, China, several species are eaten. The great diving beetle (*Dytiscus marginalis*) are bred for human food. Dytiscidae have been eaten in Taiwan, Thailand, and New Guinea. Birds and other small mammals eat *Dytiscidaes*.

## References 
## Books 
*  (2004): Water for a Healthy Country - Family Dytiscidae. Version of 2004-JUL-02. Retrieved 2008-AUG-04
*  (2002): Chapter 26 - Eastern Asia: China, Japan, and other countries . *In: The Human Use of Insects as a Food Resource:  A Bibliographic Account in Progress*.
*  (2003): Fried water beetles Cantonese style. *American Entomologist'' **49**(1): 34-37. PDF fulltext 
* 

## Other websites 
* Video of the dangerous mandibles of a Dytiscidae larva
Zeami Motokiyo

, also lnown as , was a Japanese  actor and playwright. 

## Career
His career in Noh theater was supported by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.
: *This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.*
* *Kadensho*, 1420-1430
* *Hagoromo*
* *Shunkan*
* *Takasago*
* *Tadanori*
* *Kinuta*
* *Izutsu*

## References
The Exorcism of Emily Rose

***The Exorcism of Emily Rose*** is a horror-drama movie of 2005. Laura Linney and Mary Beth Hurt star. This horror movie got mixed reviews.

## Other websites
*
Yukio Mishima

was a Japanese writer, poet, playwright, actor and film director. One of his close friends was Yasunari Kawabata. On November 25, 1970, he tried to make a coup d'état for military force but in vain and killed himself via seppuku.

## Early life
Mishima studied at the elite .

In 1949, he published his first major novel, *Confessions of a mask.*
: *This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.*
* *Confessions of a mask,* 1949
* *The sound of waves,* 1952
* *The temple of the golden pavilion by Yukio Mishima*, 1956
* *The sailor who fell from grace with the sea,* 1959
* *After the banquet,* 1960
* *Death in midsummer, and other stories,* 1966
* *Spring snow,* 1968
* *Runaway horses,* 1969
* *The temple of dawn,* 1969
* *The decay of the angel,* 1971

## References
## Other websites
* Books and Writers bio 
* Mishima chronology, with links
Frugality

**Frugality** is a quality of spending money very carefully and in limited amounts. This decision can be made for various reasons. Some reasons include: to save money, to make costs smaller, and to get the most possible value from purchases. 

## Examples 
Some ways to try to be frugal could be to make less waste, stop doing things (such as travel or entertainment) with high costs, control one's spending desires, get all the use out of an item before replacing it, and disagree with customs that have high costs. More ways could include using zero-cost choices, bartering (trading without money), and having a good knowledge of prices. 

Some people will use a discount store to find low-cost things. Some will buy things used by other people in thrift stores, garage sales, flea markets, or from classified advertising in a newspaper or on the internet from a site similar to Craigslist. 

## Philosophy
Frugality in some philosophies is when a person does not agree with experts who say they know what is good for everybody. This is a special use of the word for philosophers. 

Many religions think frugality is important and good. The Quakers and Puritans are two examples of Christian religions that put high value on frugality. The base of this idea is that people should store money to use when any person (not only friends) needs help. 

Environmentalists think that being frugal is good. They think because ancient humans did not need many things and were able to get happiness from nature, it is more natural to be frugal than to agree with the customs of modern living.
Tineidae

**Tineidae** (or **clothes moth**) is a family of moths. They are known as **fungus moths** or **tineid moths**. 

There are more than 3,000 species in over 300 genera. Most of the tineid moths are small or medium-sized. They have wings. They are common in the Palaearctic. Others found elsewhere were introduced

Tineids eat living plants, fungi, lichens, and detritus. The best-known members of the family are the clothes moths. They eat stored fabrics. The most widespread species are the common clothes moth (*Tineola bisselliella*), the case-bearing clothes moth (*Tinea pellionella*) and the carpet moth (*Trichophaga tapetzella*). The brown-dotted clothes moths (*Niditinea fuscella*) feeds on feathers in a bird's nest. The genus *Ceratophaga*, feeds on dead animals such as mammals and the shells of dead tortoises.

## Books 
*Dugdale, J.S., 1988. Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue and keys of family-group taxa. *Fauna of New Zealand*, 14: 1-262.
*Gaedike, R. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden Die Gattung *Infurcitinea* Spuler, 1910 (Lepidoptera). *Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden*, 46: 121-150.
*Gaedike, R. 1985. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden: Gattung* Obesoceras* Petersen, 1957 (Lepidoptera). *Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden*, 48: 167-181.
*Hinton, H.E. 1956. The larvae of the species of Tineidae of economic importance.* Bulletin of Entomological Research*, 47: 251-346.
*Leraut, P., 1985. Mise a jour de la liste des Tineides de la faune de France. *Entomologica Gallica*, 1(4): 319-325.
*Petersen, G. 1957-8. Die Genitalien der paläarktischen Tineiden. *Beiträge zur Entomologie*, 7: 55-176, 338-380, 557-595; 8: 111-118, 398-430.
*Robinson, G.S. 1979. Clothes-moths of the Tinea pellionella complex: a revision of the world's species (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). *Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)*, 38: 57-128, figs 1-103.
*Zagulajev A K. 1988 English translation (original 1975). *Clothes Moths (Tineidae)* (English translation of Nastoyaschie Moli (Tineidae)).Akademiya Nauk SSSr, Zoologicheskii Institut, New series No. 108

## References
*
* Global Taxonomic Database of Tineidae
* Common Clothes Moth
* A Caterpillar that Eats Tortoise Shells 
* Tineid of Korea
* Fauna Europaea
Tanisha Thomas

**Tanisha Thomas** (born on August 28, 1985 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American reality television . She first appeared on the Oxygen show *Bad Girls Club* in 2008. She was on the second season to become a role model for young women and change her bad behavior. She became a fan favorite for her catchphrase "Pop Off!". After the show was done airing, Thomas was called the "godmother" to all "bad girls". Thomas later hosted the spin-off dating game show *Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too* starting with its second season in 2011. She also competed on the VH1 show *Celebrity Fit Club: Boot Camp 2*. Thomas was on the show to loose weight. Her team the "blue team" won and took home $17,500 each.

A year later, Thomas was given her own show on Oxygen. It was called *Tanisha Gets Married*. The show was about Thomas' and her fiancée
s journey on planning their wedding. It aired in May 2012 and beat all the key demos of Oxygen that were set in April 2012.

## Personal life 
Thomas was born and raised in Flatbush, Brooklyn. Thomas married Clive Muir at the Thatched Cottage in Long Island, New York, on December 4 2011. The couple officially separated and divorced in 2014.

In 2016, she began dating Carey St. Hilaire. In October 2017, Thomas announced that she and St. Hilaire were expecting their first child together, on March 7 2018, she gave birth to a boy.

Thomas is good friends with Barbadian singer Rihanna, Thomas attended her baby shower in 2022.

## Filmography 
### Film and television 
## References
Wide Sargasso Sea

***Wide Sargasso Sea*** is a 1993 erotic drama movie in which Rachel Ward, Karina Lombard and Naomi Watts star. *Wide Sargasso Sea* is rated NC-17 because of sexual content. It is based on the 1966 Jean Rhys book of the same name.

The movie is about love and lust in 1840s Jamaica, shortly after Britain freed the slaves in its Caribbean colonies.

The movie received mixed reviews from critics. Roger Ebert gave the movie three and a half stars.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too

***Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too*** is a reality television show. It first premiered on Oxygen on March 16, 2010. Its a spin-off show from the *Bad Girls Club*. American comedian Bret Ernst was the host of the first season. The show was renewed for its third season Second season of *Bad Girls Club* Tanisha Thomas began hosting the season starting with the second season. There has been three complete seasons of *Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too*'. The show is about past season "bad girls" looking for love.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Library of Celsus

, which stood in the central niche of the upper storey of the Celsus Library. It is now in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum]]
 of virtue (Greek *ἀρετή*) in the Celsus Library]]

The **Library of Celsus** is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, now part of Anatolia, Turkey. It was built in honor of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, known as Celsus.

Celsus paid for the construction of the library with his own personal wealth. Celsus was Consul in 92&nbsp;AD, Governor of the Roman province of Asia in 115&nbsp;AD, and a rich and popular local citizen. He was a native of nearby Sardis and amongst the first Greek men to become a consul in the Roman Empire. He is honoured both as a Greek and a Roman on the library itself.

The library was built by his son, Gaius Julius Aquila (Consul 110&nbsp;AD), and completed in 135&nbsp;AD.

The library was built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a monumental tomb for Celsus. Celsus is buried in a sarcophagus beneath the library, in the main entrance.
The building is important as one of few remaining examples of an ancient Roman-influenced library. It also shows that public libraries were built not only in Rome itself but throughout the Roman Empire.

The interior of the library and all its books were destroyed by fire in the devastating earthquake that struck the city in 262. Only the facade survived. About 400&nbsp;AD, the library was used for other purposes. The facade was completely destroyed by a later earthquake, likely in the late Byzantine period.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the facade was restored. It now serves as a prime example of Roman public architecture. The building had a single hall which faced east toward the morning sun, as Vitruvius advised, to benefit early risers. Beside the entrances are four pairs of Ionic columns on pedestals.  A set of Corinthian columns stands directly above the first set, adding to the height of the building. It is thought there once may have been a third set of columns.

This type of facade with inset frames and niches for statues is like that found in ancient Greek theatres,  and so is described as "scenographic".

## References
Sean Penn

**Sean Justin Penn** (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor, screenwriter, movie director, producer and activist.

Penn won an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for *Mystic River* and another Academy Award for *Milk*. He won another Academy Award for his role as Colonel Lockjaw in *One Battle After Another*.

Penn was married to Madonna from 1985 until they divorced in 1989. He and Robin Wright had a daughter in 1991 and a son in 1993. The couple married in 1996 and divorced in 2010.

As of February 24, 2022, Penn was in Ukraine doing (or filming) a documentary movie about the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. By March 2, he had left the country.

## Early life
Penn was born in Los Angeles, California, the middle son of actor Leo Penn (1921-1998) and actress Eileen Ryan (born 1928). His brothers are musician Michael Penn (born 1958) and actor Chris Penn (1965-2006).

## Filmography
Penn has starred in many movies, including: *Taps*, *Fast Times at Ridgemont High*, *Colors*, *Casualties of War*, ''We're No Angels*, *Carlito's Way*, *Dead Man Walking*, *U Turn*, *The Game*, *The Thin Red Line*, *Being John Malkovich*, *The Weight of Water*, *I Am Sam*, *Mystic River*, *21 Grams*, *The Assassination of Richard Nixon*, *The Interpreter*, *All the King's Men*, *Persepolis*, *Milk*, *Fair Game*, *The Tree of Life* and *This Must Be the Place''.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Clifford D. Simak

**Clifford Donald Simak** (August 3, 1904 – April 25, 1988) was an American science fiction writer. He received three Hugo Awards and one Nebula Award. He was named the third Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) in 1977.

## Biography
Simak was born in Millville, Wisconsin to parent's John Lewis and Margaret (Wiseman) Simak. He married Agnes Kuchenberg on April 13, 1929. They had two children, Scott and Shelley. Simak attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He later worked at various newspapers in the Midwest. He began to work with the *Minneapolis Star and Tribune* (in Minneapolis, Minnesota). This went from 1939 to his retirement in 1976.

## Writing career
Simak became interested in science fiction after reading the works of H. G. Wells as a child. He started writing for science fiction pulp magazines in 1931. The only science-fiction piece that he published between 1933 and 1937 was *The Creator* (*Marvel Tales* #4, March–April 1935).

In late 1937, Simak returned to science fiction. He was a regular contributor to *Astounding Stories* during the Golden Age of Science Fiction (1938–1950). His first publications, such as *Cosmic Engineers* (1939), were in the style of the earlier superscience type. He soon made his own style, which is usually described as gentle and pastoral. During this period, Simak also published a number of war and western stories in pulp magazines. His best known novel may be *City*, a collection of short stories with a common theme of mankind's eventual leaving from Earth.

Simak continued to write award-nominated novels during the 1950s and 1960s. Helped by a friend, he continued writing and publishing science fiction and, later, fantasy, into his 80s.

## Awards
* International Fantasy Award for best fiction book (1953) for *City*
* Hugo award for best novelette (1959) for *The Big Front Yard*
* Hugo award for best novel (1964) for *Way Station*
* Minnesota Academy of Science Award for distinguished service to science 1967
* First Fandom Hall of Fame award 1973
* Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award 1976
* Jupiter Award for best novel (1978) for *A Heritage of Stars*
* Hugo award for best short story (1981) for *Grotto of the Dancing Deer*
* Nebula award for best short story (1981) for *Grotto of the Dancing Deer*
* Locus Award for best short story (1981) for *Grotto of the Dancing Deer*
* Analog Analytical Laboratory award for best short story (1981) for *Grotto of the Dancing Deer*
* Bram Stoker Lifetime Achievement award 1988

## References
List of World Heritage Sites in Western Europe

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has designated 131 World Heritage Sites in Western Europe. These sites are in 9 countries.  Liechtenstein and Monaco have no sites. There are ten sites which are shared between countries. The first site from the region to be included on the list was the Aachen Cathedral in Germany in 1978.

## Legend
The list below uses a definition of Western Europe which includes the United Kingdom and Ireland.
:**Site** – named after the World Heritage Committee's official designation
:**Location** – sorted by country, followed by the region at the regional or provincial level and geocoordinates. In the case of multinational or multi-regional sites, the names are sorted alphabetically.
:**Criteria** – as defined by the World Heritage Committee
:**Area** – in hectares and acres, followed by buffer zones if applicable. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO
:**Year** – during which the site was added to the World Heritage List
:**Description** – brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable

## Sites A to M 
## Sites N to Z 
## Related pages
* List of World Heritage Sites in France
* List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands
* List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom

## References
Jerry Mathers

**Gerald Patrick "Jerry" Mathers** (born June 2, 1948) is an American actor and writer. He played Beaver Cleaver in the sitcom television series *Leave It to Beaver*. In 1998 he wrote a book called  *...And Jerry Mathers as "The Beaver"*. Mathers was born in Sioux City, Iowa.

In 1973, Mathers went to the University of California, Berkeley, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy. In 1981, he worked as a disc jockey at KEZY radio in Anaheim, California.

Mathers was diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in 1996.

## References
## More readings
* 

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Tony Dow

**Tony Lee Dow** (April 13, 1945 – July 27, 2022) was an American actor, director, and movie producer. He played Wally Cleaver in the sitcom television series *Leave It to Beaver* from 1957 to 1963. He played the same role again in *The New Leave It to Beaver* from 1983 to 1989. He also directed several episodes of *Babylon 5*. Dow was born in Hollywood, California.  On July 26, 2022, it was reported that Dow was in his "final moments" under hospice care in Topanga, California. He died from the disease on July 27, 2022 at his home in Topanga, California at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* ''Tony Dow's Sculpture Website''
Ubangi River

.]]
The **Ubangi River**, also spelled **Oubangui**, is a river of Central Africa. It is the largest right-bank tributary of the Congo River. It begins where the Mbomou and Uele Rivers come together.  It flows west, then bends to the southwest and passes through Bangui. Then the river flows south to the Congo at Liranga. The Ubangi's length is about . The Ubangi's drainage basin is about .  The basin includes parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, and Republic of Congo. 

Together with the Congo River, it important for transportation for river boats between Bangui and Brazzaville.

Some people want the water from the Ubangi to go to the Chari River.  The Chari River empties into Lake Chad. They say this will help with fishing and make agriculture better.
Benue River

.]]
.]]

The **Benue River** is a river in Africa. It is the major tributary of the Niger River. The river is about 1,400&nbsp;km long. People can travel on it for nearly the whole length in the summer months. It is an important transportation route in the places it flows through.

It starts in the Adamawa Plateau of northern Cameroon. It flows west, and through the town of Garoua and Lagdo Reservoir, into Nigeria south of the Mandara mountains.  Then it goes through Jimeta, Ibi and Makurdi before meeting the Niger at Lokoja.

Large tributaries are the Gongola River and the Mayo Kébbi. Other tributaries are Taraba River and River Katsina Ala.

## References
Regina Duarte

**Regina Blois Duarte** (born February 5, 1947]) is a Brazilian actress. From March to May 2020, she served as Special Secretary of Culture, a cabinet position in President Jair Bolsonaro's administration.  

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Mambo

:*Do not confuse with mamba, which is a snake*

**Mambo** is a word with Afro-Latin connections. Most common meanings are:

*Mambo (rhythm): a Cuban or AfroCuban musical rhythm and its associated dance. Invented around 1950 in Havana.
*Mambo section: a musical bridge or section in some kinds of Cuban (and Caribbean) music.
*Mambo (Voodoo): A Haitian word for a Voodoo priestess.

The word also occurs in the title of many pieces of recorded music.
Anna Muzychuk

**Anna Muzychuk** (born 28 February 1990 in Lviv, Ukraine) is the second-rated woman chess player in the world. She earned the title of Woman Grandmaster in 2004, and the title of Grandmaster in 2012. In 2004 she became a member of the Slovenian chess federation, where she was the strongest female chess player. Her younger sister Mariya  is an International master.

Muzychuk has played on first board for the Slovenian team from 2004 to 2014. Since 2014 she represents the Ukrainian chess federation. In 36th Chess Olympiad, she defeated, among others, the former Women's World Chess Champion grandmaster Antoaneta Stefanova. In the 37th Chess Olympiad she helped the Slovenian women's team, seeded 17th, to finished tenth.

In 2017, Muzychuk she refused to go to the World Rapid and Blitz Championships in Saudi Arabia. She said on Facebook:In a few days I am going to lose two World Champion titles – one by one. Just because I decided not to go to Saudi Arabia. Not to play by someone's rules, not to wear abaya, not to be accompanied getting outside, and altogether not to feel myself a secondary creature. Exactly one year ago I won these two titles and was about the happiest person in the chess world but this time I feel really bad. I am ready to stand for my principles and skip the event, where in five days I was expected to earn more than I do in a dozen of events combined. All that is annoying, but the most upsetting thing is that almost nobody really cares. That is a really bitter feeling, still not the one to change my opinion and my principles. The same goes for my sister Mariya – and I am really happy that we share this point of view. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Chessbase.com: An interview with Anna Muzychuk
* Interview with Anna Muzychuk
* Chessgames.com: The chess games of Anna Muzychuk
* World champion in 2005 (girls U16) - photo
Alejo Carpentier

**Alejo Carpentier y Valmont** (December 26, 1904 – April 24, 1980) was a Cuban novelist, essayist, and musicologist. He greatly influenced Latin American literature during its famous "boom" period. Born in Lausanne, Switzerland, Carpentier grew up in Havana, Cuba and Paris. Carpentier always said he was Cuban. He traveled a lot, mostly in France, and to Mexico. He sided with revolutionary movements, such as Fidel Castro's Communist Revolution in Cuba in the mid-century. Carpentier was jailed and exiled for his leftist political philosophies.

Carpentier studied and understood music. He wrote a book *La música en Cuba* in the music of Cuba. He put in musical themes and literary techniques in his writing. Although Carpentier wrote many types of writing, such as journalism, radio drama, playwrighting, academic essays, opera and libretto, he is best known for his novels. He was among the first to use magical realism. He explored the fantastic quality of Latin American history and culture. 

Carpentier's writing style used the Baroque style which had become popular again. It was called *New World Baroque*. It was a style that Latin American artists took from the European model. Carpentier also brought the Surrealist theory to Latin American literature. Carpentier had parts of Latin American political history, music, social injustice and art in his writings. His writing influenced younger Latin American and Cuban writers like Lisandro Otero, Leonardo Padura and Fernando Velázquez Medina.

Carpentier died of cancer in Paris in 1980. He was buried in Havana's Colon Cemetery.

## Major works
Carpentier's major works include:

**Ecue-yamba-o!* (1933) 
**La música en Cuba* (1946) (*The Music of Cuba*), an ethno-musicological study of Cuba starting from the sixteenth century, the arrival of European explorers, till the present day of publication, the mid twentieth century.
**El reino de este mundo* (1949) (*The Kingdom of this World*)
**Los pasos perdidos* (1953) (*The Lost Steps*)
**El acoso* (1956) (*Manhunt*)
**Guerra del tiempo* (1958) (*War of Time*)
**El siglo de las luces* (1962) (*Explosion in a Cathedral*)
**El Recurso del método* (1974) (*Reasons of State*)
**Concierto barroco* (1974) (*Concierto barroco*; English: *Baroque Concert*), based on the 1709 meeting of Vivaldi, Handel and Domenico Scarlatti, with cameo appearances by Wagner and Stravinsky, and fictional characters from the new world who inspire the Venetian composer's opera, *Motezuma*.
**La consagración de la primavera* (1978) (*The Rite of Spring*; *Le Sacre du Printemps*, ballet by Igor Stravinsky)
**El arpa y la sombra* (1978) (*The Harp and the Shadow*) dealing with Columbus.
Leptodactylidae

**Leptodactylidae** is a family of frogs. They are believed to have been on Earth since the Cenozoic era or at the end of the Mesozoic. There are 1,100 species in 50 genera. The *Eleutherodactylus* is the largest genus with over 700 different species. Leptodactylidae frogs lives in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The family includes terrestrial, burrowing, aquatic, and  frogs.

Some of the frogs lay their eggs in foam nests. They will lay their eggs in crevices, on the surface of water, or on the forest floors. For tadpoles that are laid on the forest floors will remain there until they become frogs. They will not eat anything. In the genus *Elutherodactylus*, the eggs will automatically become small frogs. They will not go through the tadpole stage. Leptodactylids can be found in fossil records. One specimen, was found  and is thought to be 37 million years old.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Leptodactylidae, from the Tree of Life Web Project 
* Leptodactylidae taxonomy, from the NCBI taxonomy browser
* Leptodacylidae classification, from Animal Diversity Web
* Leptodactylid description, from AmphibiaWeb
Herschel Space Observatory

The **Herschel Space Observatory** was a space observatory built by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was the largest infrared telescope ever put into orbit until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope. Herschel was named after Sir William Herschel, the discoverer of the infrared spectrum, double stars, and planet Uranus.

The device was sensitive to the far infrared and sub-millimetre short wavebands. It had a single mirror of  in diameter.

The observatory was carried into orbit in May 2009. It was at the second Lagrangian point (L2) of the Earth-Sun system. At these points, 1,500,000 kilometres (930,000 miles) from the Earth, gravity balances, so the object stays in place.

The Herschel Observatory could record ('see') the coldest and dustiest objects in space. For example, dusty galaxies just starting to form new stars. The United States, through NASA, worked with the ESA to build and operate the observatory. It was the fourth 'cornerstone' mission in the ESA science program, along with Rosetta, Planck, and Gaia.

The observatory was designed to investigate four main topics: 
* Galaxy formation in the early universe and the evolution of galaxies;
* Star formation and its interaction with the interstellar medium;
* Chemical composition of atmospheres and surfaces of Solar System bodies, including planets, comets and moons;
* Molecular chemistry across the universe.

## References 
## Other websites 
*ESA Herschel Science Centre
*ESA Information on Herschel
*NASA Herschel website 
*ESA Herschel operations page
*ESA video on YouTube
*Cardiff School of Physics and Astronomy: Herschel/SPIRE team
Bionics

tried to study the flying of birds to create a device that would allow a human to fly. Although he failed, this is a typical example of bionics.]]
**Bionics** (also known as **biomimetics**) is the science about studying nature to create modern technology with biological method.

## History 
The name "biomimetics" was coined by Otto Schmitt in the 1950s. The term "bionics" was coined by Jack E. Steele in August 1958. He was then working at the *Aeronautics Division* *House* at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. However, terms like biomimicry or biomimetics are more preferred in the technology world in efforts to avoid confusion between the medical term "bionics." Coincidentally, Martin Caidin used the word for his 1972 novel *Cyborg*, which inspired the series *The Six Million Dollar Man*. Caidin was a long-time aviation industry writer before turning to fiction full-time.             

## Methods 
 was inspired by the tiny hooks found on the surface of burs.]]
The study of bionics often emphasizes implementing a function found in nature rather than imitating biological structures. For example, in computer science, cybernetics tries to model the feedback and control mechanisms that are inherent in intelligent behavior, while artificial intelligence tries to model the intelligent function.    

## Related pages 
*Biophysics

## References 
## Other websites
Americanisation

Cola advertisement is a typical example for Americanisation.]]
 in Israel]]

**Americanisation** means that a culture (often a country) is heavily influenced by so-called *anglicisms*. These anglicisms are American-based. Anglicisms can be institution, values, ways and behaviours, but can also be symbols and pictures.

In Americanisation, the transferring of American culture is only one-way. A culture is being Americanised, but the United States aren't affected by the other culture in return.

## Other websites
Eleutherodactylus

, *Eleutherodactylus marnockii* is a *Eleutherodactylus* frog]]

**Eleutherodactylus** is a genus of frogs in the Eleutherodactylidae family. There are 185 species of *Eleutherodactylus*. Many of them are commonly called "rain frogs" or "robber frogs". This is because of their sharp, high-pitched, and insect-like calls.

The common coquí (*Eleutherodactylus coqui*) is the best known species. They are a national symbol of Puerto Rico. They are also an invasive species in the US state of Hawaii. Two *Eleutherodactylus* species, *E. limbatus* and *E. iberia*, belong to the smallest known frogs. They measure only 8½ mm in length.

## References
Red-eared slider

The **red-eared slider** (*Trachemys scripta elegans*) is a -aquatic turtle. It belongs to the family Emydidae. It is the most popular pet turtle in the United States. It lives in Southern United States. It is also found in many other places as an invasive species. They can be found in the US state of California where it was introduced. Rhubarb leaves are poisonous for them. Overfeeding may cause diseases for the turtles.

## Other websites 
* Red-ear slider
* Discovery Channel's Animal Planet: Red-eared slider
* Information on aquatic turtles & tortoises including a few articles specific to Red-eared Terrapin 
* Gulf Coast Turtle & Tortoise Society: Natural History: Red-eared slider 

## References
Endosperm

kenel]]

**Endosperm** is a food reserve tissue inside the seeds of most flowering plants. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch. It may also have oils and protein.

The endosperm of cereal plants can be a source of energy for humans. Wheat endosperm is ground into flour for bread. With whole wheat bread the bran (cover of seed) and the germ is also in the flour. Barley endosperm is the main source for beer production. Other examples of edible endosperms are coconut 'meat' and coconut 'water', and corn, including popcorn. Some plants, like the orchids, lack endosperm in their seeds.

## Origin of endosperm
Primitive (basal) flowering plants have seeds with small embryos and big endosperms. The evolutionary development of flowering plants tends to show a trend towards plants with seeds with little or no endosperm. In more derived flowering plants the embryo occupies most of the seed and the endosperm is not developed or consumed before the seed matures. In these plants, the cotyledons contain the food reserve.

### Double fertilization
Endosperm is formed when the two sperm nuclei inside a pollen grain reach the inside of an ovule or embryo sac. One sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg, forming a zygote, while the other sperm nucleus usually fuses with the two polar nuclei at the center of the embryo sac. This makes the first endosperm cell, which develops into the endosperm. Because it is formed by a separate fertilization, the endosperm is an organism distinct from the embryo (though placed next to it in the seed).

About 70% of angiosperm species have endosperm cells that are polyploid. These are typically triploid (containing three sets of chromosomes) but can vary widely from diploid (2n) to 15n.

## References
2 Broke Girls

***2 Broke Girls*** is an American television sitcom on CBS. It began on September 19, 2011 and ended on April 17, 2017. It is set in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City. It is about two waitresses in their twenties who work together at a diner. Kat Dennings plays Max Black, who is from a poor, underclass background. Beth Behrs plays Caroline Wesbox Channing, who until recently was rich.

Garrett Morris plays Earl, the cashier at the diner. He is an elderly African-American former jazz musician. Jonathan Kite plays Oleg, the diner's cook, a hypersexual Ukrainian who lacks social skills. Matthew Moy plays Han Lee, the diner's owner, a very short Korean. Jennifer Coolidge plays Sophie, Max and Caroline's histrionic Polish neighbor. The show was created by comedian Whitney Cummings.

## Other websites 
*Official website
*
Hazel (TV series)

***Hazel*** is an American sitcom television series that ran from September 28, 1961 to April 11, 1966 on NBC. It moved to CBS for its last year. The series' first year was made in black and white.  The next four years were in color. The show's first season was fourth in the 1961-1962 Nielsen's ratings.

The series is based on a single-panel comic strip by Ted Key. This comic that ran for many years in *The Saturday Evening Post*. It was usually on one of the last pages.

The series stars Shirley Booth as Hazel Burke. Hazel is a live-in maid for the Baxter family. Don Defore plays her boss George "Mr. B" Baxter (a lawyer). Whitney Blake plays his wife Dorothy "Missy" Baxter (an interior decorator). Bobby Buntrock plays their young son Harold "Sport" Baxter. The Baxter's have a big, shaggy dog named Smiley.

Other characters were in the series. These characters include George Baxter's client Harvey Griffin (Howard Smith), Rosie, another live-in maid in the neighborhood (Maud Prickett), and postman Barney Hatfield (Robert Williams). Other characters include Hazel's taxi-driving boyfriend Mitch (Dub Taylor), George Baxter's snobby sister Deirdre Thompson (Cathy Lewis), and the Baxter's mixed-up neighbors Herbert and Harriet Johnson (Donald Foster and Norma Varden).

The series is set in a white, upper middle class household. Typical episodes are about Hazel's day-to-day life and work. She might put together a special dinner, or make a home for a stray dog. In one episode, she gets her boss to buy a color television set for her bedroom. Sometimes she comes into conflict with "Mr. B". She gets her way by giving him tiny portions of her delicious desserts.

In the last year, "Mr. B" is sent to the Middle East on a job assignment. Hazel and Harold move in with his brother Steve (played by Ray Fulmer) and his wife Barbara (Lynn Borden) and their daughter Susie (Julia Benjamin). This arrangement lasted for only a year before the series was cancelled. Booth was ill. She did not want to continue to work. Booth won two Emmy Awards for her performance as Hazel (1962 and 1963). She was nominated for a third in 1964.
The Huckleberry Hound Show

***The Huckleberry Hound Show*** is a 30-minute animated television series. It had four seasons and was first aired between March 29, 1958 and December 24, 1962. It is the work of Joseph Barbera and William Hanna. In 1960, *The Huckleberry Hound Show* became the first animated television series to win an Emmy Award.

Each episode has three 7-minute cartoons. The first cartoon stars Huckleberry Hound; the second stars Yogi Bear and his friend Boo Boo Bear, and the third stars Pixie and Dixie and Mr. Jinks. Yogi Bear was the most loved character of the show. He was given his own series in 1960. Hokey Wolf took Yogi's place in the series.

Daws Butler was the voice actor who played Huckleberry Hound, Yogi Bear, Pixie, Mr. Jinks, and Hokey Wolf. Don Messick gave voice to Huckle Blue-Chan Hound, Boo Boo Bear, Ranger Smith, Ding-A-Ling and Dixie.

## References
Barbara Billingsley

**Barbara Billingsley** (December 22, 1915 – October 16, 2010) was an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. She played June Cleaver on the television series *Leave It to Beaver* (1957–1963). She played the same character in the sequel series *Still the Beaver* (1985–1988).

## References
Dennis the Menace (TV series)

***Dennis the Menace*** is an American sitcom television series. It is based on the comic strip *Dennis the Menace* by Hank Ketcham. The four-season series aired from 1959 to 1963 on CBS. The show stars Jay North as Dennis Mitchell, Herbert Anderson as his father Henry, Gloria Henry as his mother Alice, Billy Booth as his friend Tommy Anderson, and Jeannie Russell as his friend Margaret Wade. Dennis wore the same costume in every episode: a striped tee-shirt, a pair of bib overalls with a slingshot in the back pocket, a pair of sneakers, and an enormous blond cowlick. Viewers complained about the slingshot and it was eventually removed. The bizarre costume put Dennis outside the realistic *mise en scene* of the show, making it difficult to "relate" to him in spite of North's brilliant performance. Margaret had the same problem with her ringlets, eyeglasses, and ever-present patent leather shoes. These clothes were not the sort of things kids were wearing during the shows years on the air.

Margaret wanted to marry Dennis. This was a running gag in both the comic strip and the television show. She pushed a baby carriage through the neighborhood. "Playing house" was something she pressured Dennis to do. When Dennis needed a penny or two, she gave it to him but only after he promised to play house with her. If he turned her down, she would hit him with one of the rag dolls in the baby carriage and prance on her way.

Other players in the show are Joseph Kearns as Dennis's neighbor George Wilson, Sylvia Field as George's wife Martha, and Gale Gordon as Mr. Wilson's brother John. George Wilson was a retired fussy sort of man who gardened, collected coins, did household fixit jobs, and watched birds. Many episodes were about Dennis making a mess of Mr. Wilson's hobbies. Dennis's comic strip dog Ruff was cut from the TV story, but Mr. Wilson was given a little dog named Fremont. Maud Prickett, Irene Tedrow, Dub Taylor, Mary Wickes, and other familiar 1950s TV faces showed up often as minor characters. Ron Howard appeared in several episodes as Dennnis' friend Stewart while also playing Opie Taylor on *The Andy Griffith Show*.

*Dennis the Menace* is about a happy little (but trouble-prone) middle class boy named Dennis Mitchell. He would like to be helpful but his attempts always end in disasters. He bothers a lot of people, but mostly his neighbor George Wilson. Actor Joseph Kearns played George Wilson but died while the show was in production. Gale Gordon joined the show as John Wilson, George's brother. Viewers were told that George and his TV wife Martha were taking a long journey and that George's brother John would be living in and taking care of their house. The show ended in 1963 when North became too old (11 years) to play the part of Dennis.