open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dhanteras

**Dhanteras** (Hindi: धनतेरस), also known as **Dhanatrayodashi** () or **Dhanvantari Trayodashi**, is the first day of the festival of Diwali in India and the festival of Tihar in Nepal.

Dhanteras is celebrated on the thirteenth lunar day of Krishna Paksha ("dark fortnight" in the moon's cycle) in the Vikram Samvat Hindu calendar month of Ashwin. Dhanvantari, who is also worshipped on Dhanteras, is the god of Ayurveda who brought and shared the wisdom of Ayurveda for the betterment of mankind and to bring relief from the suffering of disease with Ayurvedic remedies.

The Indian ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy), announced its decision to observe Dhanteras as the “National Ayurveda Day.” This day was first observed on October 28, 2016. 

## References
Al Hurricane

**Alberto Nelson Sanchez** (July 10, 1936 – October 22, 2017), known professionally as **Al Hurricane**, was an American singer-songwriter. He was dubbed "The Godfather" of New Mexico music. He released more than thirty albums, and was best known for his works to New Mexico’s unique style of Spanish music.

Sanchez died of complications from prostate cancer on October 22, 2017 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, at the age of 81.

## References
Paul J. Weitz

**Paul Joseph Weitz** (July 25, 1932 &ndash; October 23, 2017) was an American naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and former NASA astronaut.

Weitz flew into space twice. He was a member of the three-man crew who flew on Skylab 2, the first manned Skylab mission. He was also Commander of the STS-6 mission, the first of the Space Shuttle *Challenger* flights.

Weitz died on October 23, 2017 in Flagstaff, Arizona from myelodysplastic syndrome at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*Astronautix biography of Paul J. Weitz
*Spacefacts biography of Paul J. Weitz
*Weitz at Spaceacts 
*Weitz at Encyclopedia of Science
Grottaglie

**Grottaglie** is a town and *comune* in the province of Taranto, Apulia, in southern Italy.

## Geography 
Grottaglie is in the Salento peninsula, a whole rock of Limestone dividing Adriatic Sea from Ionian Sea. The countryside around the city has many large and deep ravines.

## History 
The name Grottaglie comes from the Latin ***Cryptae Aliae***, meaning "many ravines". People lived here since the paleolithic Age. The fief of Grottaglie was given by the Norman overlords to the Archdiocese of Taranto in the 11th century. In the 14th century the church gave the fief a walls and a castle.

Since the 15th-17th centuries the jurisdiction over Grottaglie fief was split between the ecclesiastic administration (civil law) and the lay feudal lords (criminal law, Cicinelli-Caracciolo family). Fights between these two competing authorities and revolts by the heavily-taxed population were common until the end of feudalism (1806). 

## Main sights 
* The massive *Castello Episcopio* (13th century) castle.
* The main church, also known as *Chiesa Matrice*, dating back to 1379.
* The city's oratory, known as Purgatory Oratory.
* *Palazzo Cicinelli*, a massive building on the main square later redecoreted to the current fashion during the Baroque period. The palazzo was the seat of the  of Grottaglie also  of  and , hence the residence of the feudal lords of the town on the grant of .
* *Palazzo Urselli*, which maintains the original Renaissance (pre-Baroque) façade, with a massive 15th century gate and a decorated internal courtyard.
* *Palazzo Maggiulli-Cometa*, whose structure is similar to Palazzo Urselli’s.
* , an 18th Century palace, and ancestral home of the De Felice's family.
* Monastero di , representing the greatest Baroque monument in the city. It has a splendid cloistered-court inside.
* *Chiesa del Carmine*, housing a 1530 stone crib scene made by Stefano da Putignano.

## Culture 
Folkloristic and religious events include the commemoration-day of Ciro di Alessandria d'Egitto and Easter-period when the Medieval-rooted confraternal religious orders perform their processions during the days of the  ( rituals include  and pilgrimage of confrères called “Bubble-Bubble” through the streets of town).

Other events include:
* The exhibition “Ceramica nel Quartiere delle Ceramiche”
* The Mediterranean ceramics contest, theatrical and musical events
* Promotion of dessert grapes, months of July–August–September
* Exhibition-contest about ceramic crib scene during the months of December and January
* “Musica Mundi” – international festival of ethnic music in July.

## Economy 
Grapes and ceramics are two main elements of the local economy.

Alenia Composite is a factory of Alenia group making parts for the Boeing 787.

## References
The New Mutants (movie)

***The New Mutants*** is a 2020 American superhero  horror movie. It is the thirteenth film of the X-Men film series and it was released on August 28, 2020. The movie is directed by Josh Boone. It stars Anya Taylor-Joy, Maisie Williams, Charlie Heaton, Henry Zaga, Blu Hunt, and Alice Braga.

## References
Wilhelm Ostwald

**Wilhelm Ostwald** (23 September 1853 - 4 April 1932) was a Latvian-German chemist born in Riga, Latvia, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 

He is known to have studied in the Riga State Gymnasium No.1. 

His parents are Elizabeth Leuckel and Gottfried Wilhelm Ostwald. His son is Wolfgang Ostwald. 
Wilhelm Ostwald was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 and it is Latvia's only Nobel prize. Although he was a German chemist, he was born in Latvia so the Nobel prize went to Latvia.
Singer 2018

'''*Singer* 2018'* is the second season of Chinese television series *Singer*, a rebranded version of *I Am a Singer* that will air on Hunan Television. It is produced by Hong Tao, and its music director is Hong Kong senior musician Kubert Leung. It will be recorded in the Hunan Broadcasting System Radio and Television Center, Changsha, Hunan on January 3, 2018 and aired from January 12 to April 20, 2018 on Hunan Television.

## Results 
**Notes:**
: A. Average ranking is calculated using the weekly ranking, ignoring the bi-weekly overall ranking of each round

## Details of competitions 
### 1st round 
#### Qualifying 
This episode is the first episode of Singer 2018. It was recorded on January 3, 2017, and premiered on January 12, 2018 at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on Hunan Television.

:  A. No.1 of pre-vote

:  B. Rap is written by GAI and Lin Du

:  C. Also for live pianist

#### Knockout 
This episode is the second episode of Singer 2018. It was recorded on January 11, 2018, and was broadcast on January 19, 2018 at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on Hunan Television. 1st round, Juno Su is going to participate challenge round, as the first challenge singer, at last she gets No.5 temporarily safe, and Li Xiaodong is the lowest percentages of votes in 1st round first two matches.

#### First two matches overall ranking 
1st round, due to Juno Su gets No.5 temporarily safe in matches, Li Xiaodong is eliminated, as the lowest percentages of votes in 1st round first two matches.

#### Challenge 
This episode is the third episode of Singer 2018. It was recorded on January 18, 2018, and was broadcast on January 26, 2018 at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on Hunan Television. James Li joins the competition in the 1st challenge round, as the first substitute singer.

##### Percentages of votes 
In match 3, Juno Su gets No.3 challenge success, as Sam Lee is No.7 in the episode thus eliminated.

### 2nd round 
#### Qualifying 
This episode is the fourth episode of Singer 2018. It was recorded on January 25, 2018, and was broadcast on February 2, 2018 at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on Hunan Television. In second round, Hua Chenyu joins the competition, as the second substitute singer. 

## Process of production 
### Preparation 
At the end of *Singer 2017*, many many Weibo entertainment marketing accounts said that *Singer 2017* as the last series of *I Am a Singer* and *Singer*, the series of the show will not be made from 2018. There are three reasons, first in the preparation and broadcasting of *Singer 2017* faced a lot of uncertainty, second the invitation of competitors difficulties is harder than before, the last is the director Duyan and the screenwriter Sunli will leave after *Singer 2017*. However on 14 June of 2017, During the broadcast of Hunan Xinwen Lianbo, Hong Tao accepted the interview of Hunan TV reporter. He said *Singer 2018'' has entered the preparation to repudiate the remour.

## Sources 
## Other websites
*
Ugo Fangareggi

**Ugo Fangareggi** (30 January 1938 – 20 October 2017) was an Italian actor and voice actor. He was born in Genoa, Italy. He was best known for the role of Mangold in Mario Monicelli's *The Incredible Army of Brancaleone*.

Fangareggi died of Parkinson's disease at the age of 79.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Mustafa Adrisi

General **Mustafa Adrisi** ( – 28 July 2013) was Vice President of Uganda. He served from 1977 to 1978 and was one of President Idi Amin's closest allies.

In the late 1990s, Mustafa Adrisi was living quietly in Arua, West Nile, in a house provided by the Ugandan government, and had recently gone back to complete his primary school certificate. He died in 2013.

## References
ESPCI Paris

**ESPCI Paris** (officially the **École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris**; *The City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution*) is a engineering graduate school in France. It is a constituent school of the University PSL (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
* *Ingénieur ESPCI Paris* (ESPCI Paris Graduate engineer Masters level program)
* PhD doctorate studies
* Master of Science
* Massive Online Open Course.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ESPCI Paris.

## Research labs 
Research activities at ESPCI relate to the following topics:
*Physics
*Chemistry
*Biology
*Biotechnology

## Notable graduate 
* Marie Curie, first woman to win a Nobel Prize

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Dianbu, Anhui

**Dianbu** () is a town in and the seat of Feidong County in the eastern suburbs of Hefei, the capital of Anhui province, People's Republic of China.

## Subdivisions
There are multiple several subdivisions;
*Qingqing District, Hefei (青春社区)
*Zhennan, Hefei (镇南社区)
*Zhenxi, Hefei (镇西社区)
*Zhenbei, Hefei(镇北社区社区)
*Huayuan, Hefei (花园社区)
*Duihe, Hefei(对河社区)
*Paitou, Hefei(排头社区)
*Dingguang, Hefei (定光社区)
*Tangyang, Hefei (唐杨社区)
*Guangtai, Hefei (光大社区)
*Xishanyi, Hefei (西山驿社区)
*Beitang, Hefei (陂塘社区)
*Shuangqiao, Hefei (双桥社区)
*Zhongxin, Hefei (中心社区)
*Anhe, Hefei (安乐村)
*Tanglinhuizumanzu Village (塘林回族满族村)
*Huatanming, Hefei (花滩民族村)
*Mahan, Hefei(马厂村)
*Longxi, Hefei(龙西村)
*Anji, Hefei(昂集村)
*Jianshe, Hefei(建设村)
*Yangwang, Hefei (杨王村)
*Hepu, Hefei(合浦村)
*Pangdian, Hefei (半店村)
*Qunli, Hefei (群力村)
*Da'an, Hefei (大安村)
*Zhaogang, Hefei (赵岗村)
*Yangba, Hefei (杨坝村)
*Sangyuanheyixin, Hefei (桑园村和一心村

## References
Jasmine Guy

**Jasmine Guy** (born March 10, 1962) is an American actress, director, singer, dancer and model.  She is best known for playing Whitley Marion Gilbert in the 1987-93 sitcom NBC sitcom *A Different World*. She also played Erica in Disney Channel's *K.C. Undercover*.

For her work, Guy was nominated for and won 4 NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series from 1990 to 1993.

Guy was born in Boston, but raised in Atlanta.

Sources differ on Guy's birthdate. Some sources say she was born in 1962. Other sources mention 1964.

## Filmography
* ''Cats Don't Dance* (1997) ... Sawyer Cat (voice)
* *Looney Tunes: Back in Action'' (2003) ... Sawyer Cat (voice)

## References
I. V. Sasi

**Irruppam Veedu Sasidaran** (28 March 1948 – 24 October 2017), better known as **I. V. Sasi**, (മലയാളം: ഐ.വി. ശശി) was an Indian movie director. He made over 150 movies in various Indian languages and genres. He was known for his Malayalam movies of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, although he directed a few Tamil and Hindi movies as well. 

In 2015, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, the highest award in Malayalam cinema.

Sasi died at his home in Saligramam, Chennai on 24 October 2017 at the age of 69 at 10:30 am, due to a massive heart attack.

## References
## Other websites
*
Girija Devi

**Girija Devi** (8 May 1929 – 24 October 2017) was an Indian classical singer of the Seniya and Banaras gharanas. She performed classical and light classical music and helped elevate the profile of thumri.

## Early career
Devi agreed to not perform privately for others, but gave her first public concert in Bihar in 1951.

## Musical career
Devi sang in the Banaras gharana and performed the *purabi ang* *thumri* style typical of the tradition, whose status she helped elevate.

## Death
Devi died on 24 October 2017 of cardiac arrest at the age of 88.

## Awards
* Padma Shri (1972)
* Padma Bhushan (1989)
* Padma Vibhushan (2016) 
* Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1977)

## References
## Other websites
Agave deserti

The **desert agave** (*Agave deserti*) is an agave, which is a type of plant. It is found in deserts in southern California, Arizona, and Baja California.
Ebrahim Ashtiani

**Ebrahim Ashtiani** (Persian: ابراهیم اشتیانی; January 4, 1942 – October 24, 2017) was an Iranian football player. He played for the Iran national football team and spent most of his career at Persepolis. 

His son Ardalan is also a professional football player.

After the retirement of Persepolis captains Jafar Kashani and Homayoun Behzadi, Ashtiani became captain of the club when he was only 28 making him the youngest captain of Persepolis, a record that was broken by Alireza Haghighi in 2010. He retired in the summer of 1976 at the age of 30.

Ashtiani won the Asian Cup in Thailand in 1972 as well as the football tournament of the 1974 Asian Games in Tehran. He made 35 appearances for the Iran national football team from 1969 to 1974.

Ashtiani died in Tehran of heart disease on 24 October 2017 at the age of 75.

## References
Glenn Barr

**Albert Glenn Barr** OBE (19 March 1942 – 24 October 2017) was a Northern Irish politician. He was born in Derry, Northern Ireland.

Barr was an activist of Ulster nationalism. For a time during the 1970s he straddled both Unionism and Loyalism due to simultaneously holding important positions in the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party and the Ulster Defence Association.

Barr died ￼at Altnagelvin hospital on 24 October 2017 at the age of 75.

## References
Robert Campin

telling Mary that she will be the mother of Jesus]] 
**Robert Campin** (c. 1375 – 26 April 1444) was a famous Flemish painter. He is also known as **The Master of Flémalle**. He painted altarpieces and portraits. Campin was a very successful painter. He made a lot of money and owned several houses in Tournai. For thirty years he was the most famous painter in Tournai. He had a large workshop where many painters worked for him. Campin's best known work is the *Mérode Altarpiece*. He painted it between 1425 and 1428.

No one knows where Campin was born. By 1406 he was a master painter in Tournai. By 1419 he had a large workshop there. Many cities and churches in Flanders bought his paintings. He was married to Ysabel de Stocquain. They had no children. In 1432 he had an affair with Laurence Polette. He was taken to court for this and banished (sent away) from Tournai for one year. Margaret of Burgundy admired his work. She convinced the court to let him pay a fine instead of banishment. Campin died in Tournai in 1444.

## References
Leviathan (book)

***Leviathan***  is a famous book by Thomas Hobbes. Its full name is ***Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil***. Hobbes wrote the book in 1651. The name of the book comes from a sea monster called "Leviathan" in the Book of Job (one of the books in the Old Testament of the Bible).  In *Leviathan*, Hobbes writes about the structure of society and what makes a good government. It was a very early book on social contract theory. It influenced many other writers. He also wrote a version of the book in Latin in 1668. In this book, Hobbes argues for the power of government to avoid conflict with "the state of nature".

## References
## Other websites
*A copy of the complete book published in 1651
*
*
La Noche Triste

]]
**La Noche Triste** (Spanish for "The Sad Night") was a famous battle between the Spanish conquistadors and the Aztecs, a native people of Mexico. The battle took place on the shores of Lake Texcoco near the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan in the night between June 30 and July 1, 1520.

Local enemies of the Aztecs rescued the survivors. They organized a bigger army, returned, and attacked in 1521, causing the Fall of Tenochtitlan

## References
Additional Member System

The **Additional Member System** is an electoral system used to produce a more proportional result than Plurality voting, also known as First Past The Post. It is sometimes referred to as Mixed Member Proportional but these two electoral systems have different ways of allocating list seats. The term additional member system is almost only used in the United Kingdom but has been used to describe Italy's Electoral system from 1993 to 2005.

## Method of voting & calculation 
### Method of voting 
In the Additional Member System the voter has two votes ; one vote goes to an local representative or multiple representatives from a geographical electoral district. This is commonly referred as a constituency vote. The other vote goes to a political party. This is commonly referred as a list vote and is to represent the voter in a wider region.

### Calculation 
Firstly, the Constituency vote is counted: the votes are counted and the candidate with the most votes, even if the candidate did not reach a majority, wins the seat.

Next, each party's Member Score is calculated using a formula:

{V \over S + 1}

*V = Party List Vote*

*S = Seat already won*

Once the party's member score is calculated the list seats are given to each political party using the D'hondt formula.

## Example 
In this Hypothetical Example there is 100,000 voters and there are: 3 political Parties, 10 total Seats (6 constituency seats and 4 list seats).

### List seats calculation 
## Current usage 
* The London Assembly
* The Scottish Parliament
* The Welsh Assembly

## References
T. S. Balaiah

**Tirunelveli S. Balaiah** (; 23 August 1914 – 22 July 1972) was an Indian actor best known for playing supporting roles in the Tamil films. He was introduced to the cine field by director Ellis R. Dungan in Sathi Leelavathi (1936), along with M. G. Ramachandran, N. S. Krishnan and M.K. Radha. He was one of the very few actors who excelled as a villain, as well as in character roles and comic roles.

## Early life 
T. S. Balaiah was born on 23 August 1914. He was born in Sundankottai, now in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu. He ran away from home at young age and joined a Circus. Later joined Jagannatha Iyer’s famous drama company which was working in Tirunelveli and from which no turning back.

## Career 
Balaiah began his film career through the Tamil film Sathi Leelavathi in 1936. Balaiah played first lead role in Mohini paired opposite Madhuri Devi, where he played elder brother to V. N. Janaki and supporting role by M. G. Ramachandran. He gained lot of weight at the age of 40 in 1954, hence started getting more character roles.  Among his villain roles, Ambikapathy, Madurai Veeran, Thaikkupin Tharam, Hello Mister Zamindar and Thiruvilaiyadal were critically acclaimed. Balaiah also excelled in comedy roles in movies such as Kavalai Illaadha Manithan, Kadhalikka Neramillai, Bama Vijayam and Thillana Mohanambal. Actor Sivaji Ganesan had once mentioned that Balaiah along with M. R. Radha was his most admired actor.

## Personal life 
Actress Manochithra is his daughter, while one of his sons Junior Balaiah has also appeared in films. Another son, Sai Baba, was part of MSV's troupe and sang a few song.

## Partial filmography
## References
## Other websites
* 
* http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2319/stories/20061006000707900.htm 
* The Three-in-One T. S. Balaiah in My Movie Minutes
* 100 years of laughter
Cellular Jail

The **Cellular Jail**, also known as **Kālā Pānī** (Hindi for *black waters*), was a colonial prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The prison was used by the British especially to exile political prisoners to the remote archipelago. Many notable dissidents such as Batukeshwar Dutt, Yogendra Shukla and Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, among others, were imprisoned here during the struggle for India's independence. Today, the complex serves as a national memorial monument.
## Architecture
The construction of the prison started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. The original building was a puce-colored brick building.The bricks used to build the building were brought from Burma.Each of the seven wings had three stories upon completion. There were no dormitories and a total of 696 cells. Each cell was  in size with a ventilator located at a height of .
The name, "cellular jail", derived from the solitary cells which prevented any prisoner from communicating with any other. Also, the spokes were so designed such that the face of a cell in a spoke saw the back of cells in another spoke. This way, communication between prisoners was impossible.
## Japanese occupation
The Empire of Japan invaded the Andaman islands in 1942 and drove out the British. The Cellular Jail then became home to British prisoners. During this period, Subhas Chandra Bose also visited the island. In 1945, the British resumed control with the end of World War II.
## Post Independence
Another two wings of the jail were demolished after India achieved independence. However, this led to protests from several former prisoners and political leaders who saw it as a way of erasing the evidence of their persecution. The remaining three wings and the central tower were therefore converted into a National Memorial on 11th February 1979 by then Prime Minister of India Shri.Morarji Desai.

The Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital was set up in the premises of the Cellular Jail in 1963. It is now a 500-bed hospital with about 40 doctors serving the local population.The centenary of the jail's completion was marked on 10 March 2006. 
## Reference
Tony Richardson

**Cecil Antonio** "**Tony**" **Richardson** (5 June 1928 – 14 November 1991) was an English theatre and movie director and producer. His career lasted for fifty years. In 1964 he won the Academy Award for Best Director for the movie *Tom Jones*.  He also directed *The Loved One*, during which he worked with established stars including John Gielgud, Rod Steiger and Robert Morse.

He helped pay for the escape of a Wormwood Scrubs prison-imprisoned spy and double agent George Blake in 1966.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* BFI: Tony Richardson
*
Naya Raipur

**Nava Raipur**, officially **Atal Nagar-Nava Raipur**, is a planned city in Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The city is meant to replace Raipur as the capital of Chhattisgarh. The Government of Chhattisgarh is at Naya Raipur. The city is between National Highway 53 and National Highway 30. It is about   south-east of Raipur. Swami Vivekananda Airport is between Raipur and Nava Raipur. Nava Raipur has  of land. About   is used for 41 villages.  The core of the city is 27 of these villages.

About half of the land is for public uses. 23% of the land is for government and educational institutions. About 30% of the land is for people to live on and for economical uses. According to the plan, 560,000 people will be able to live in the city by phase III. The city should be at Phase III by 2031. There are also plans for the city to grow in size and to upgrade its infrastructure in the future.

## Ideas for development 
* Naya Raipur will be a ‘green city’ in many ways. Trees will be planted in large areas. There are plans for water conservation and waste water recycling. Non-conventional energy resources will be used.
* Naya Raipur will show the rich heritage and culture of Chhattisgarh and India in its urban design and architecture. Special efforts will make it a people friendly and visitor friendly city.
* The city's design will give a sense of security and comfort to its citizens, especially women, children and the physically challenged.

Sunil Gavaskar rated this stadium to as one of the best stadiums in the country and said it should be used for all types of matches.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Naya Raipur city portal website 
* Naya Raipur Development Authority
Ross Island, South Andaman district

**Ross Island** is an island of the Andaman Islands.  It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The island is situated  east from downtown Port Blair.

## 1941 earthquake 
About nine months before the Japanese take-over of the entire set of islands, Ross Island experienced an earthquake, which caused many people to leave the Island. 
Except for a brief time when the Japanese occupied, the abandonment of Ross Island as a result of the quake continued. The headquarters were then shifted to Port Blair.

## Japanese period 
From 1942 to 1945, the island was occupied by the Japanese. The Government House became the residence of the Japanese admiral also for three years (from March 1942 to October 1945). It was during this period that Subhash Chandra Bose, who took the help of Japanese in his fight against the British, stayed at the Island for a day in December 1943. Netaji also hoisted the national tricolor at the top of the Government House. The Japanese too left their imprint on the island which stand in the form of bunkers used as watch points to safeguard the Island from any foreign invasion.

## Recapture 
The allies reoccupied the island in 1945 and later abandoned it.

## Indian naval post 
In April 1979, the island was handed over to the Navy, which set up a small post, INS Jarawa, named after one of the indigenous tribes of the Andaman group of islands.

## Geography 
The island belongs to the Port Blair Islands and lies in the entrance of Port Blair.

## Administration 
Politically, Ross Island is part of Port Blair taluk.

## Demographics 
Ross Island is an island where no civilian settlement is allowed by the authorities.

## Image gallery 

File:Andaman ross is.jpg|Ross Island (Andaman)
File:Bakery, Ross Island.JPG|Bakery from the British era
File:Ross Island.jpg|View of Ross Island from the Water Sports Complex, Port Blair
File:Port Blair 1872 Ross Island Penal HQ.jpg|The Ross Island Prison Headquarters, 1872
File:Captain Ross View 01.jpg|The first sight at Ross Island
File:Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvannabhoomi.jpg|The Best view!

## References
Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium

The **Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium** or **Naya Raipur International Cricket Stadium** is a cricket field in the city of Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

It is the second largest cricket stadium after Eden Garden cricket stadium (Kolkata) and fourth-largest cricket stadium in the world. The stadium has a seating capacity of 65,000. Inaugurated in 2008, this ground hosted its first ever match in 2010, when the Canada national cricket team arrived in India and played a practice match against the Chhattisgarh state team. In 2013, the stadium was declared as a second host venue for Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League (IPL) and hosted two of its matches.

The stadium is named after Veer Narayan Singh a landlord from Sonakhan who led the 1857 war Indian independence in Chhattisgarh.

## References
## Other websites
* Picture of stadium 
* Cricinfo Website - Ground Page
* cricketarchive Website - Ground Page
* More About Chhattisgarh progress
Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda

**Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda** ( – 3 November 1977) (, FPAS, SI), was a Bangladeshi organic chemist, educationist and writer. He founded the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. From 1969 to 1972, Khuda served as the president of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1976 by the Government of Bangladesh for his contribution in education of the country and Independence Day Award in 1986 (posthumous) by the Government of Bangladesh for his contribution in science and technology.

## Early life
Khuda was born in Margram village, Birbhum District, Bengal Presidency, British India (now India). He passed Matriculation examination from Calcutta Madrasa in 1918 with First Division. In 1924, he received his MSc degree in Chemistry from Presidency College, Kolkata. Later, he studied in London University. In 1929, he received D. Sc. in physics from this institute.

## Works
Khuda was specialized in the field of organic chemistry. He conducted research on herbals, jute, salt, charcoal, soil and minerals. He extracted biochemical elements from local trees and plants that can be used for medical purposes. Khuda and his associates had patent of 18 scientific inventions. One of his most significant inventions was manufacturing of Partex from jute-stick. Other significant scientific innovations by Khuda were manufacturing malt vinegar from the juice of sugarcane and molasses, rayon from jute and jute-sticks, and paper from jute.

## References
## Other websites
* Dr. M. Qudrat-i-Khuda  in Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)

"**Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)**" is a song by English drummer, singer and songwriter Phil Collins. It was released in February 1984 in the US and on 26 March 1984 in the UK as the lead single. It was recorded for the soundtrack to the the 1984 film of the same name.  The song reached number one in Norway and on the US *Billboard* Hot 100.  It reached the top five in the UK, Switzerland, Belgium, Sweden, and New Zealand.

## Covers 
The song has become popular and covered by many artists, including American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey, who included a cover on her 1999 album, *Rainbow*.  She later released a new version of the song in 2000 featuring Irish boy band Westlife.  This version reached number one in the UK.

## References
Misenum

built in Roman times, to support the fleet. This cistern is located in Misenum]]
**Misenum** (modern-day **Miseno**) is a small commune near Naples, Italy. Today, Miseno is part of Bacoli. Miseno is at the end of the Gulf of Naples. The city has a long history. Originally, Misenum was part of Cumae. It was devastated by Hannibal, in the year 214 BC.

Today, it is mostly known for its beaches. The best-known sight is the Piscina Mirabilis, a water reservoir, of about 70m by 30m which the Romans constructed to support the fleet.

The current landscape around Misenum is characterized by hills and crater lakes. It is the result of the volcanic activity of the Phlegraean Fields.
Inga Borg

**Inga Maria Borg** (25 August 1925 – 24 October 2017) was a Swedish artist and children's book author. She is best known for writing about the fantasy figure Plupp. She was awarded the Elsa Beskow Award for her books about Plupp in 1970. She was born in Stockholm.

Borg died in Stockholm on 24 October 2017 at the age of 92.

## References
Albaston

**Albaston** () is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the civil parish of Calstock.
## Geography
Albaston is about 1&nbsp;mile (2&nbsp;kilometres) from the centre of Gunnislake and half-a-mile (0.7&nbsp;kilometres) from Gunnislake railway station, the junction of the Tamar Valley Line from Plymouth.

## History
In the past, Albaston was closely connected with the nearby mine at Drakewalls. The success of the Drakewalls mine in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century led to the growth of the village of Albaston, including the building of a Methodist chapel and several shops, homes and businesses. A brewery, Edward Bowhay & Brothers, was established by 1877; this brewery had closed by 1930.

## Facilities
The village has a Methodist church, known as Tamar Valley Methodist Church. It was opened in 2001.

The Old Post Office House is now rented as a holiday home accommodating nine people.

## Notable residents
Christian Pentecostal leader Thomas Ball Barratt was born in Albaston in 1862, the son of a mining engineer. He moved to Norway when his father began working for a mine there and in later life became the founder of the Norwegian Pentecostal movement.

## References
Al-Qaryatayn massacre

The **Al-Qaryatayn massacre** was a massacre of 128 civilians in the Syrian city of Al-Qaryatayn between its capture by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in 1 October 2017, and its recapture by the Syrian army in 21 October 2017. The victims were indiscriminately executed for being accused of cooperating with the Syrian government.

## References
Queue

A **queue** is a line of items.

Queue might also refer to:

* Queue area, where people wait in a queue, or line
* Queue (hairstyle), a Manchurian pigtail
* Queue (abstract data type), a data structure used in computer science, modeled on the real-world queue
* Queue (unit), a French liquid measure, used for wine and spirits.
Lu Guanqiu

**Lu Guanqiu** (;17 January 1945 &ndash; 25 October 2017) was a Chinese billionaire entrepreneur, and the founder of Wanxiang Group. He was the 18th richest person in China, according to the Hurun Report China Rich List 2013, The individual ranked as the 286th wealthiest person globally. and reportedly the richest person in Zhejiang province. He was a delegate to the Chinese National People's Congress.

Lu died on 25 October 2017 in Hangzhou, China, aged 72.

## References
Vilnis Edvīns Bresis

**Vilnis Edvīns Bresis** (30 January 1938 in Jelgava – 25 October 2017) is a Latvian politician who was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Latvian SSR from 6 October 1988 to 7 May 1990. From 2002 until 2010, Bresis was member of the parliament, elected from the Union of Greens and Farmers. 

Bresis died on 25 October 2017 of pulmonary edema at the age of 79.

## References
Cheri Bustos

**Cheryl Lea Bustos**  (née **Callahan**; born October 17, 1961) is an American journalist, healthcare executive, and politician. Bustos was the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 17th congressional district from 2013 to 2023. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Bustos was the first woman elected to Congress from her district.

In April 2021, Bustos announced that she would not run for another term in 2022.

## References
## Other websites
*Representative Cheri Bustos  official U.S. House website
*Cheri Bustos for Congress
*
* 
*
Billy the Puppet

**Billy** is a puppet that has appeared in the *Saw* franchise. It was used by John Kramer to talk with his test subjects by delivering recorded messages, often appearing on a television screen or occasionally in person to describe the details of the traps and the means by which the test subjects could survive.

Although it has never actually been identified in the movies, "Billy" is the name by which it is referred to by writers, directors, and members of the cast and crew on documentaries and interviews. The name was given to it by its real-life creator James Wan, who is the director and co-writer of *Saw*.

## References
## Other websites
* Dwight Schrute (portrayed by Rainn Wilson) dressed as Billy
* Example of *Billy* Halloween mask
Donald Kennedy

**Donald Kennedy** (August 18, 1931 &ndash; April 21, 2020) was an American scientist, public administrator and academic.  He served as Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (1977–79), President of Stanford University (1980–92), and editor-in-chief of Science (journal) (2000–08).  

Kennedy resigned as president of Stanford University in 1992 in the wake of a scandal involving expenses charged to the federal government.

Kennedy died of COVID-19 in Redwood City, California on April 21, 2020 at the age of 88.

## References
David A. Kessler

**David Aaron Kessler** (born May 13, 1951) is an American pediatrician, lawyer, author, and administrator (both academic and governmental).  He was the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from November 8, 1990 to February 28, 1997.

On November 9, 2020, Kessler was announced as one of the three co-chairs of Joe Biden's COVID-19 Advisory Board, alongside former U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy and Yale public health professor Marcella Nunez-Smith in his administration.

He was the head of Operation Warp Speed, the U.S. government program to accelerate the development of COVID-19 vaccines and other treatment, from January to February 2021.

## References
## Other websites
* Official FDA Bio
* David A. Kessler Named New Dean of UCSF School of Medicine 
* "Bacon as a Weapon of Mass Destruction" - video by *Democracy Now!*
Icelandic horse

**Icelandic horses** are a breed of horse that resist the cold, have two unique gaits, and are a breed with special names.
Icelandics in winter get really fluffy coats, helping keep the cold out.
The icelandics also have two unique gaits, one of which, the most popular, the tölt! The tölt is a beautiful, long stride gait, almost like a stretched out trot.

This specific breed of horse has special names for their horses, since the breed is quite old. Here are some examples of them:

* Skjoni; pinto
* Ósk; wish, desire
* Fífill; Dandelion
Port Blair

Sri VijayaPuram is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (*tehsil*) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.

## Transportation
Sri Vijaya Puram also serves as the entry point for visiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Sri Vijaya Puram is connected with mainland India by both air and sea. It is a 2-hour flight from mainland India to Port Blair, but it takes 3–4 days by sea to reach Chennai, Kolkata or Vishakhapatnam. Air connectivity to Sri Vijaya Puram is available from Chennai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bhubaneshwar and Vishakhapatnam. All flights bound to Andaman and Nicobar Islands land at the Veer Savarkar International Airport. Sea connectivity is available from Chennai, Kolkata and Vishakhapatnam are embarked in Haddo Wharf Port.  It is home to several museums and a major naval base INS Jarawa of the Indian Navy, along with sea and air bases of the Indian Coast Guard and the Indian Air Force. Sri Vijaya Puram is also famous for the historic Cellular Jail and other small islands like Carbyns Cove, Wandoor, Ross, Viper etc. which were once home to British colonists.

Sri Vijaya Puram has been selected as one of the cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission.

## Population
 India census, Sri Vijaya Puram had a population of 100,608. Males constitute 52.92% (53,247) of the population and females 47.07% (47,361). Sri Vijaya Puram has an average literacy rate of 89.76%, higher than the national average that is 74.04%. In Port Blair, male literacy is 92.79%, and female literacy is 86.34%. 9.3% of the population is under the age of 6 years. The most common religion is Hinduism, followed by Christianity and Islam. Bengali is the most spoken language of the city, followed by Hindi and Tamil.

## References
Marmorera

**Marmorera** (, ) was a municipality of the district Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.

## References 
## Other websites
Kahlil Gibran

, 1911.]]
**Kahlil Gibran** (6 January 1883 – 10 April 1931) was a writer and poet from Lebanon. He wrote books in both English and Arabic.  His most famous book is *The Prophet*.

## Biography 
Gibran was born in Lebanon when it was part of the Ottoman Empire.  His family moved to the United States of America when he was 12 years old and settled in the Boston neighbourhood of South End, at the time the second-largest Syrian and Lebanese ethnic enclave in the USA, and he went to school both in the US and in Lebanon.

He died at the age of 48 in New York City from tuberculosis and cirrhosis of the liver, due to prolonged serious alcoholism.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Anatoliy Solovianenko

**Anatoliy Solovianenko** (September 25, 1932 – July 29, 1999) was a Soviet and Ukrainian tenor. He was a People's Artist of the USSR (1978). 

He was born in Donetsk (Stalino at that time) into a mining family. He graduated from Donetsk Polytechnic Institute in 1954. He also studied singing with Alexander Korobeichenko from 1950. He recorded 18 LPs of arias, romances and songs.

Anatoliy Solovyanenko died from a heart attack on 29 July 1999.
## Awards 
* 1967 - Honoured Artist of Ukraine
* 1975 - People's Artist of the USSR
* 1980 - Lenin Prize
* 1982 - Miner's Glory Medal, Order of Friendship of Peoples
* 1993 - Badge of Honour from President of Ukraine
* 1997 - Taras Shevchenko National Prize

## References
Privacy

, such as this one at a train station, lessen privacy.]]

**Privacy** is the ability to choose what information or personal data is hidden and who it's hidden from.

Privacy laws in many countries give the right not to be unfairly subjected to invasions of privacy. 

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights says that privacy is a human right.

## Importance 
Everyone wants to keep things about them private.

Some people want to keep their religion, sexual orientation, and opinions private so that they don't get in trouble with their government, the people they know, or both.

## Internet privacy 
Many things on the internet are tracked and sometimes sold by different groups of people. 

For example:

* Your internet provider can see the names of the websites you go to (for example: Wikipedia), if the website uses HTTPS. If a website uses HTTP your internet provider can see the exact page you're in (for example: Privacy page on Wikipedia) and things you write in that website (Like your password).  This is why HTTPS is considered by web browsers as safe but HTTP is not.  in a browser's address bar]]
* Google tracks and stores data created by the Google searches you make, the emails sent from and to Gmail addresses, on all websites you visit that use Google Analytics, and more.
* TikTok collects and shares location data, sees private messages, sells your personal information to others, and more.

The senders of an email can track the time you open an email using pictures that sometimes can't even be seen.

## Notes 
## References
Parenting

**Parenting** is the process of helping a child develop into an adult.  

When a child is an infant, parenting involves providing food, comfort and cleaning, and allowing the infant to sleep.  As infants cannot talk, this requires the parents to watch the child closely and to help the child learn language.

As the infant grows, parenting involves guiding and teaching the child.  Parents establish habits such as brushing teeth and teach etiquette to behave in society.

## Related pages
* Parent
Emmy Noether

**Amalie Emmy Noether** (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a mathematician from Germany who studied abstract algebra.  She studied mathematics at the University of Erlangen, and then joined the faculty at the University of Göttingen.

Her main area of research changed over time. From 1908 to 1919, she studied algebraic invariants and number fields.  Her work on ''Noether's theorem'' has been called "one of the most important mathematical theorems ever proved in guiding the development of modern physics". From 1920 to 1926, she developed the theory of ideals in commutative rings.  From 1927–35, she published works on noncommutative algebras and hypercomplex numbers. In addition to her own publications, Noether was generous with her ideas and is credited with several lines of research published by other mathematicians, even in fields far removed from her main work, such as algebraic topology.

## References
## Further reading
* James, Ioan (2002). Remarkable Mathematicians from Euler to von Neumann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81777-6.
* Teicher, M., ed. (1999). The Heritage of Emmy Noether. Israel Mathematical Conference Proceedings. Bar-Ilan University, American Mathematical Society, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-851045-1.
* Byers, Nina (2006), "Emmy Noether", in Byers, Nina; Williams, Gary (eds.), Out of the Shadows: Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-82197-1

## Related pages
* Timeline of women in mathematics
* 
* .
*
Roy Williams (coach)

**Roy Allen Williams** (born August 1, 1950) is an American college basketball coach for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

He started his college coaching career at North Carolina as an assistant coach for Dean Smith in 1978.
In 1988, Williams became the head coach of the men's basketball team at Kansas, taking them to fourteen consecutive NCAA tournaments, collecting a .805 win percentage and winning nine conference titles over his fifteen-year span. In 2003, Williams left Kansas to return to his alma mater North Carolina, replacing Matt Doherty as head coach of the Tar Heels. Since returning to North Carolina, Williams has won three national championships, eight Atlantic Coast Conference conference titles, one AP National Coach of the Year award, and two ACC Coach of the Year awards.

## Early years
Williams was born in Marion, North Carolina, and spent his early years in the small western North Carolina towns of Marion and Spruce Pine. As a child his family relocated to nearby Asheville, where he grew up. In basketball, playing for Coach Buddy Baldwin, he was named all-county and all-conference for two years (1967 and 1968), all-western North Carolina in 1968 and served as captain in the North Carolina Blue-White All-Star Game. Williams has stated that Coach Baldwin was one of the biggest influences in his life. Williams went on to play on the freshman team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and study the game under coach Dean Smith.

## Early coaching years
Williams' first coaching job was in 1973 as a high school basketball and golf coach at Charles D. Owen High School[8] in Black Mountain, North Carolina. He coached basketball and boys' golf for five years and ninth-grade football for four years, and served as athletic director for two years.
In 1978, Williams came back to the University of North Carolina and served as an assistant to Coach Dean Smith from 1978 to 1988. During his tenure as assistant coach, North Carolina went 275–61 and won the NCAA national championship in 1982, the first for Smith and the second for North Carolina. One of Williams' more notable events came as assistant coach when he became instrumental in recruiting Michael Jordan.

## Professional players coached
### Kansas
* Nick Collison
* Drew Gooden
* Darrin Hancock
* Kirk Hinrich
* Raef LaFrentz
* Greg Ostertag
* Paul Pierce
* Scot Pollard
* Mark Randall
* Ryan Robertson
* Wayne Simien
* Billy Thomas
* Jacque Vaughn
* Rex Walters

### North Carolina
* Harrison Barnes
* Reggie Bullock
* Ed Davis
* Wayne Ellington
* Raymond Felton
* Danny Green
* P.J. Hairston
* Tyler Hansbrough
* John Henson
* Brice Johnson
* Ty Lawson
* Kendall Marshall
* Sean May
* James Michael McAdoo
* Rashad McCants
* David Noel
* Marcus Paige
* J. P. Tokoto
* Jawad Williams
* Marvin Williams
* Brandan Wright
* Tyler Zeller
* Coby White
* Cameron Johnson
* Nasir Little
* Justin Jackson
* Cole Anthony
* Theo Pinson
* Luke Maye

## Head coaching record
Amalebra

**Amalebra** (, the name means *from the clay of the river Amal*) is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, 3 miles (5 kilometres) south-west of St Ives at Ordnance Survey . The 2011 census population data was included with the civil parish of Towednack.

## References
## Other websites
Antony Passage

**Antony Passage** is a hamlet in south-east Cornwall, England, UK. It is located by the River Lynher (a tributary of the River Tamar) on the opposite bank to Antony village.

## References
## Other websites