January 11

## Events
### Up to 1900 
* 314 &ndash; Pope Miltiades ends his reign as the Catholic Pope.
* 532 &ndash; Nika riots in Constantinople.
* 1158 &ndash; Vladislav II becomes King of Bohemia.
* 1569 &ndash; First recorded lottery in England.
* 1571 &ndash; Austrian nobility is granted freedom of religion.
* 1693 &ndash; Mount Etna erupts in Sicily, Italy.
* 1759 &ndash; In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.
* 1779 &ndash; Ching-Tang Khomba is crowned King of Manipur in present–day northeastern India.
* 1787 &ndash; William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moons of Uranus.
* 1805 &ndash; Michigan Territory is created.
* 1861 &ndash; Alabama secedes from the United States.
* 1863 &ndash; American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post – General John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union.
* 1866 &ndash; British passenger ship *London* sinks in a storm in the Bay of Biscay, killing 220 out of the 239 people on board.
* 1867 &ndash; Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again.
* 1879 &ndash; Anglo-Zulu War begins.
* 1880 &ndash; Total solar eclipse blackens the sky of San Francisco one day after the funeral of Emperor Norton.

### 1901&ndash;1950 
* 1902 &ndash; *Popular Mechanics* magazine was published for the first time.
* 1908 &ndash; The Grand Canyon National Monument is created.
* 1917 &ndash; The Kingsland Munitions Factory explosion occurs in Lyndhurst, New Jersey.
* 1919 &ndash; Romania annexes Transylvania.
* 1922 &ndash; First use of insulin to treat diabetes in a human patient.
* 1923 &ndash; Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments.
* 1927 &ndash; Louis B. Mayer, head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, announces the creation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
* 1935 &ndash; Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly solo from Hawaii to California.
* 1938 &ndash; Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a US national bank.
* 1942 &ndash; Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades the Netherlands East Indies.
* 1942 &ndash; The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur.
* 1943 &ndash; The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China.
* 1946 &ndash; Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic of Albania with himself as dictator.
* 1946 &ndash; Porfirio Barba-Jacob's ashes go back to Colombia.
* 1949 &ndash; First recorded case of snowfall in Los Angeles, California.

### From 1951 
* 1954 &ndash; A series of avalanches in the state of Vorarlberg in Austria kills 135 people.
* 1957 &ndash; The African Convention is founded in Dakar.
* 1960 &ndash; Chad declares its independence.
* 1962 &ndash; An avalanche occurs in the Huascaran region in Peru; 4,000 deaths.
* 1962 &ndash; Cold War: While tied to its pier in Polyarny, the Soviet submarine *B-37* is destroyed when fire breaks out in its torpedo compartment.
* 1963 &ndash; The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the US, is opened.
* 1964 &ndash; United States Surgeon General Luther Leonidas Terry reports smoking may be hazardous to health. First such statement from US government.
* 1972 &ndash; East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh.
* 1973 &ndash; Beginning of the Watergate burglars trial.
* 1974 &ndash; The world's first surviving set of sextuplets are born to Susan Rosenkowitz in Cape Town, South Africa.
* 1976 &ndash; In Ecuador, Guillermo Rodriguez Lara is removed from power by the military.
* 1980 &ndash; Nigel Short, 14, is the youngest chess player to be given the degree of International Master.
* 1981 &ndash; In Spain, Cantabria becomes an autonomous community.
* 1982 &ndash; A cold snap sends temperatures to record lows in dozens of cities throughout the Midwestern United States.
* 1986 &ndash; The Gateway Bridge, Brisbane in Queensland, Australia was officially opened.
* 1990 &ndash; 300,000 march in favor of Lithuanian independence.
* 1992 &ndash; Paul Simon is the first major artist to tour South Africa after the end of the cultural boycott.
* 1994 &ndash; Irish Government announces the end of a 15–year broadcasting ban on the IRA and its political arm Sinn Féin
* 1996 &ndash; Haiti becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
* 1996 &ndash; Ryutaro Hashimoto becomes Prime Minister of Japan.
* 1998 &ndash; Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria; over 100 people killed.
* 2001 &ndash; The Federal Trade Commission approved the merger of AOL and Time Warner to form *AOL Time Warner*.
* 2002 &ndash; The first prisoners arrive at the US detention center in Guantanamo Bay, on the island of Cuba.
* 2003 &ndash; Illinois governor George H. Ryan announces decision to grant clemency to all inmates of death row.
* 2005 &ndash; Black Tuesday bushfires swept across the southern Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.
* 2013 &ndash; President of France François Hollande authorizes military intervention in the conflict in Mali.
* 2015 &ndash; Over a million people march in Paris for freedom of speech after the attack on Charlie Hebdo magazine a few days earlier.
* 2015 &ndash; Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic is elected to become the first female President of Croatia.
* 2018 &ndash; US President Donald Trump is involved in a racism controversy over words he is said to have used to describe Haiti, El Salvador and African countries.
* 2024 &ndash; The Iranian Navy seizes control of the Marshall Islands–flagged, United States–controlled & Greek–operated civilian oil tanker *St Nikolas*.

## Births
### Up to 1900 
* 347 &ndash; Theodosius I, Roman Emperor (d. 395)
* 1209 &ndash; Möngke Khan, Mongol Emperor (d. 1259)
* 1322 &ndash; Emperor Komyo of Japan (d. 1380)
* 1359 &ndash; Emperor Go-En'yu of Japan (d. 1393)
* 1395 &ndash; Michelle of Valois, Duchess of Burgundy (d. 1422)
* 1503 &ndash; Parmigianino, Italian artist (d. 1540)
* 1591 &ndash; Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (d. 1646)
* 1638 &ndash; Nicolaus Steno, Danish physician, scientist and bishop (d. 1686)
* 1642 &ndash; Johann Friedrich Alberti, German composer and organist (d. 1710)
* 1671 &ndash; François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, French military leader (d. 1745)
* 1695 &ndash; Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch, Scottish nobleman (d. 1751)
* 1755 or 1757 &ndash; Alexander Hamilton, American politician (d. 1804)
* 1757 &ndash; Samuel Bentham, English mechanical engineer (d. 1831)
* 1760 &ndash; Oliver Wolcott, Jr., American politician (d. 1833)
* 1786 &ndash; Joseph Jackson Lister, English optician and physicist (d. 1869)
* 1788 &ndash; William Thomas Brande, English chemist (d. 1866)
* 1793 &ndash; Cave Johnson, American politician (d. 1866)
* 1805 &ndash; Johann Nepomuk Geiger, Austrian painter (d. 1880)
* 1807 &ndash; Ezra Cornell, American businessman and university founder (d. 1874)
* 1814 &ndash; James Paget, English surgeon and pathologist (d. 1899)
* 1814 &ndash; William Bigler, 12th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 1880)
* 1815 &ndash; John A. Macdonald, Scottish–born first Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1891)
* 1838 &ndash; Giovanni Cagliero, Italian diplomat (d. 1926)
* 1839 &ndash; Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Puerto Rican educator and nationalist (d. 1903)
* 1842 &ndash; William James, American psychologist and philosopher (d. 1910)
* 1852 &ndash; Constantin Fehrenbach, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1926)
* 1853 &ndash; Georgios Jakobides, Greek painter (d. 1926)
* 1858 &ndash; Harry Gordon Selfridge, American retailer (d. 1947)
* 1859 &ndash; George Nathaniel Curzon, British Viceroy of India (d. 1925)
* 1862 &ndash; Joseph Nelson Rose, American botanist (d. 1928)
* 1865 &ndash; Johannes Franz Hartmann, German astronomer (d. 1936)
* 1868 &ndash; Cai Yuanpei, Chinese philosopher, academic and politician (d. 1940)
* 1870 &ndash; Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945)
* 1872 &ndash; Herbert Baddeley, British tennis player (d. 1931)
* 1872 &ndash; Wilfred Baddeley, British tennis player (d. 1929)
* 1872 &ndash; George Joseph Smith, British serial killer (d. 1915)
* 1878 &ndash; Theodoros Pangalos, Greek general (d. 1952)
* 1885 &ndash; Alice Paul, American suffragette and women's rights activist (d. 1977)
* 1890 &ndash; Harold Bride, British wireless officer on the RMS Titanic (d. 1956)
* 1895 &ndash; Laurens Hammond, American inventor (d. 1973)
* 1897 &ndash; August Heissmeyer, German SS officer (d. 1979)
* 1899 &ndash; Eva Le Gallienne, English–American actress (d. 1991)

### 1901&ndash;1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Kwak Ki-ok, Korean pilot (d. 1988)
* 1902 &ndash; Maurice Durufle, French composer (d. 1986)
* 1903 &ndash; Alan Paton, South African writer and activist (d. 1988)
* 1906 &ndash; Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist (d. 2008)
* 1907 &ndash; Pierre Mendès France, Prime Minister of France (d. 1982)
* 1908 &ndash; Lionel Stander, American actor (d. 1994)
* 1910 &ndash; Nikos Kavvadias, Greek poet and writer (d. 1975)
* 1911 &ndash; Nora Heysen, Australian artist (d. 2003)
* 1911 &ndash; Brunhilde Pomsel, German broadcaster (d. 2017)
* 1911 &ndash; Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)
* 1917 &ndash; John Robarts, 17th Premier of Ontario (d. 1982)
* 1918 &ndash; Gunnar Sonsteby, Norwegian Resistance activist (d. 2012)
* 1923 &ndash; Carroll Shelby, American racing driver, automobile designer and businessman (d. 2012)
* 1923 &ndash; Jerome Bixby, American writer and scriptwriter (d. 1998)
* 1923 &ndash; Ernst Nolte, German historian and philosopher (d. 2016)
* 1924 &ndash; Don Cherry, American singer and golfer (d. 2018)
* 1924 &ndash; Roger Guillemin, French Nobel Prize laureate
* 1924 &ndash; Slim Harpo, American musician (d. 1970)
* 1926 &ndash; Lev Dyomin, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1998)
* 1926 &ndash; Grant Tinker, American television executive (d. 2016)
* 1928 &ndash; Mitchell Ryan, American actor
* 1929 &ndash; Rafael Eitan, Israeli general and politician (d. 2004)
* 1930 &ndash; Ron Mulock, Australian politician (d. 2014)
* 1930 &ndash; Rod Taylor, Australian actor (d. 2015)
* 1932 &ndash; Alfonso Arau, Mexican movie director
* 1934 &ndash; Charles Antony Richard Hoare, British computer scientist
* 1934 &ndash; Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada
* 1936 &ndash; Eva Hesse, German sculptor (d. 1970)
* 1938 &ndash; Arthur Scargill, British politician and activist
* 1938 &ndash; Frankie Randall, American singer-songwriter, actor and dancer (d. 2014)
* 1938 &ndash; Gavin Millar, Scottish movie director
* 1940 &ndash; Andres Tarand, Estonian geographer and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Estonia
* 1941 &ndash; Gerson, Brazilian footballer
* 1942 &ndash; Clarence Clemons, American musician (d. 2011)
* 1942 &ndash; Bud Acton, American basketball player
* 1943 &ndash; Eduardo Mendoza, Spanish writer
* 1944 &ndash; Mohammed Abed Elhai, Sudanese writer and academic (d. 1989)
* 1944 &ndash; Shibu Soren, Indian politician
* 1945 &ndash; Christine Kaufmann, Austrian–German actress (d. 2017)
* 1946 &ndash; Naomi Judd, American singer
* 1946 &ndash; Tony Kaye, British pianist and organist
* 1946 &ndash; John Piper, American theologian
* 1948 &ndash; Wajima Hiroshi, Japanese sumo wrestler
* 1948 &ndash; Terry Williams, Welsh rock drummer (Dire Straits)
* 1949 &ndash; Daryl Braithwaite, Australian rock music singer
* 1949 &ndash; Bogdan Borusewicz, Polish historian and politician
* 1949 &ndash; Paco Ignacio Taibo II, Mexican writer
* 1949 &ndash; Chris Ford, American basketball player
* 1949 &ndash; David Rotem, Israeli politician (d. 2015)
* 1949 &ndash; Mohammad Reza Rahimi, 2nd Vice President of Iran

### 1951&ndash;1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Philip Tartaglia, Scottish Roman Catholic Archbishop of Glasgow
* 1952 &ndash; Bille Brown, Australian actor and playwright (d. 2013)
* 1952 &ndash; Ben Crenshaw, American golfer
* 1952 &ndash; Lee Ritenour, American guitarist, composer and producer
* 1952 &ndash; Diana Gabaldon, American writer
* 1953 &ndash; John Sessions, Scottish actor
* 1954 &ndash; Vicky Peña, Spanish actress
* 1954 &ndash; Kailash Satyarthi, Indian children's rights activist, joint–winner of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize
* 1954 &ndash; Barbara Prammer, Austrian politician (d. 2014)
* 1956 &ndash; Israel Yinon, Israeli conductor (d. 2015)
* 1957 &ndash; Claude Criquielion, Belgian cyclist (d. 2015)
* 1957 &ndash; Darryl Dawkins, American basketball player (d. 2015)
* 1957 &ndash; Bryan Robson, English footballer
* 1958 &ndash; Vicki Peterson, American musician
* 1961 &ndash; Jasper Fforde, British writer
* 1961 &ndash; Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, Austro–Hungarian nobleman, son of Otto von Habsburg
* 1961 &ndash; Eva O, American musician and singer-songwriter
* 1962 &ndash; Kim Coles, American actress
* 1962 &ndash; Chris Bryant, British politician
* 1963 &ndash; Jason Connery, British actor
* 1964 &ndash; Yolanda Hadid, Dutch–American television personality and model
* 1965 &ndash; Edyta Bartosiewicz, Polish singer, songwriter and composer
* 1968 &ndash; Tom Dumont, American musician
* 1969 &ndash; Manny Acta, Dominican baseball player
* 1970 &ndash; Manfredi Beninati, Italian painter and sculptor
* 1970 &ndash; Chris Jent, American basketball player and coach
* 1970 &ndash; Malcolm D. Lee, American actor, director and screenwriter
* 1970 &ndash; Mustafa Sandal, Turkish pop singer, producer, dancer and actor
* 1971 &ndash; Tom Ward, British actor
* 1971 &ndash; Mary J. Blige, American singer
* 1972 &ndash; Amanda Peet, American actress
* 1972 &ndash; Konstantin Khabensky, Russian entertainer and actor
* 1973 &ndash; Rockmond Dunbar, American actor
* 1973 &ndash; Rahul Dravid, Indian cricketer
* 1974 &ndash; Jens Nowotny, German footballer
* 1975 &ndash; Matteo Renzi, Italian politician, former Mayor of Florence and Prime Minister of Italy from 2014 to 2016
* 1975 &ndash; Timbuktu, Swedish rapper

### From 1976 
* 1977 &ndash; Jerome Kerviel, French bank employee
* 1978 &ndash; Emile Heskey, English footballer
* 1980 &ndash; Geovanni, Brazilian footballer
* 1980 &ndash; Gökdeniz Karadeniz, Turkish footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Jamelia, English singer
* 1981 &ndash; Tom Meighan, English singer (Kasabian)
* 1981 &ndash; Jaime Valdés, Chilean footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Ashley Taylor Dawson, English actor
* 1983 &ndash; Adrian Sutil, German racing driver
* 1984 &ndash; Vagner Love, Brazilian footballer
* 1985 &ndash; Kazuki Nakajima, Japanese racing driver
* 1986 &ndash; Rachel Riley, English television host
* 1987 &ndash; Jamie Vardy, English footballer
* 1988 &ndash; LunchMoney Lewis, American hip hop singer
* 1988 &ndash; Junjun, Chinese singer
* 1991 &ndash; Hyolyn, South Korean actress
* 1992 &ndash; Lee Seung-hoon, South Korean rapper, choreographer and songwriter
* 1996 &ndash; Leroy Sané, German footballer
* 1997 &ndash; Cody Simpson, Australian singer
* 1998 &ndash; Louisa Johnson, English singer

## Deaths
### Up to 1900 
* 705 &ndash; Pope John VI
* 782 &ndash; Emperor Konin of Japan (b. 709)
* 812 &ndash; Staurakios, Byzantine Emperor
* 844 &ndash; Michael I Rhangabes, Byzantine Emperor
* 1055 &ndash; Constantine IX Monomachos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1000)
* 1083 &ndash; Otto Nordheim, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1020)
* 1494 &ndash; Domenico Ghirlandaio, Italian artist (b. 1449)
* 1495 &ndash; Pedro Gonzalez de Mendoza, Spanish cardinal and statesman (b. 1428)
* 1547 &ndash; Pietro Bembo, Italian cardinal, scholar and theorist (b. 1470)
* 1696 &ndash; Charles Albanel, French priest, missionary and scholar (b. 1616)
* 1713 &ndash; Pierre Jurieu, French Protestant leader (b. 1637)
* 1753 &ndash; Hans Sloane, Ulster–Scottish physician and collector (b. 1660)
* 1762 &ndash; Louis-François Roubiliac, French sculptor (b. 1695)
* 1763 &ndash; Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian and poet (b. 1676)
* 1798 &ndash; Erekle II, King of Kartli and Kakheti in present–day Georgia (b. 1720)
* 1801 &ndash; Domenico Cimarosa, Italian composer (b. 1749)
* 1812 &ndash; Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, Scottish nobleman (b. 1746)
* 1843 &ndash; Francis Scott Key, American lawyer and lyricist (b. 1779)
* 1867 &ndash; Stuart Donaldson, colonial governor of New South Wales (b. 1812)
* 1882 &ndash; Theodor Schwann, German physiologist (b. 1810)

### 1901&ndash;2000 
* 1901 &ndash; Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (b. 1866)
* 1914 &ndash; Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer (b. 1842)
* 1923 &ndash; King Constantine I of Greece (b. 1868)
* 1928 &ndash; Thomas Hardy, English writer (b. 1840)
* 1941 &ndash; Emanuel Lasker, German chess player (b. 1868)
* 1944 &ndash; Galeazzo Ciano, Italian politician (b. 1903)
* 1947 &ndash; Eva Tanguay, Canadian–born singer and entertainer (b. 1879)
* 1953 &ndash; Noe Zhordania, Georgian politician (b. 1868)
* 1958 &ndash; Edna Purviance, Canadian–born singer and entertainer (b. 1895)
* 1965 &ndash; Wally Pipp, American baseball player (b. 1893)
* 1966 &ndash; Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor (b. 1901)
* 1966 &ndash; Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (b. 1889)
* 1966 &ndash; Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime Minister of India (b. 1904)
* 1968 &ndash; Moshe Zvi Segal, Israeli linguist and scholar (b. 1876)
* 1972 &ndash; Padraic Colum, Irish poet, novelist, dramatist and biographer (b. 1881)
* 1975 &ndash; Max Lorenz, German tenor (b. 1901)
* 1980 &ndash; Barbara Pym, English novelist (b. 1913)
* 1985 &ndash; William McKell, Premier of New South Wales and Governor-General of Australia (b. 1891)
* 1985 &ndash; Edward Buzzell, American actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1895)
* 1988 &ndash; Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist (b. 1898)
* 1991 &ndash; Carl David Anderson, American physicist (b. 1905)
* 1994 &ndash; Helmut Poppendick, German physician (b. 1902)
* 1996 &ndash; Roger Crozier, Canadian–American ice hockey player, coach and manager (b. 1942)
* 1998 &ndash; Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (b. 1926)

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; Mickey Finn, English drummer (T.Rex) (b. 1947)
* 2008 &ndash; Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer and explorer (b. 1919)
* 2009 &ndash; Pio Laghi, Italian cardinal (b. 1922)
* 2010 &ndash; Eric Rohmer, French movie director (b. 1920)
* 2010 &ndash; Miep Gies, Dutch humanitarian, helper of Anne Frank (b. 1909)
* 2013 &ndash; Mariangela Melato, Italian actress (b. 1941)
* 2013 &ndash; Aaron Swartz, American computer programmer, writer and internet activist (b. 1986)
* 2013 &ndash; Nguyen Khanh, South Vietnamese politician (b. 1927)
* 2014 &ndash; Vugar Gashimov, Azerbaijani chess player (b. 1986)
* 2014 &ndash; Ariel Sharon, Israeli general and politician, former Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1928)
* 2014 &ndash; Keiko Awaji, Japanese actress (b. 1933)
* 2014 &ndash; Arnoldo Foà, Italian actor (b. 1916) 
* 2014 &ndash; Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Bangladeshi jurist and politician (b. 1929)
* 2015 &ndash; Anita Ekberg, Swedish actress (b. 1931)
* 2015 &ndash; Chic Littlewood, New Zealand television personality (b. 1930)
* 2015 &ndash; Brian Clemens, British screenwriter (b. 1931)
* 2015 &ndash; Jeno Buzansky, Hungarian footballer (b. 1925) 
* 2016 &ndash; Berge Furre, Norwegian historian, theologian and politician (b. 1937)
* 2016 &ndash; Brian Johnson, Australian rugby league player (b. 1956)
* 2016 &ndash; Gunnel Vallquist, Swedish writer and translator (b. 1918)
* 2016 &ndash; Monte Irvin, American baseball player (b. 1919)
* 2016 &ndash; David Margulies, American actor (b. 1937)
* 2016 &ndash; William Del Monte, American centenarian (b. 1906)
* 2017 &ndash; Tommy Allsup, American musician (b. 1931)
* 2017 &ndash; Tony Booth, English artist (b. 1933)
* 2017 &ndash; Adenan Satem, Malaysian politician, 5th Chief Minister of Sarawak (b. 1944)
* 2017 &ndash; Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani politician, Governor of Sindh (b. 1938)
* 2017 &ndash; François Van der Elst, Belgian footballer (b. 1954)
* 2017 &ndash; Brian Fletcher, English jockey (b. 1947)
* 2017 &ndash; Nikolay Neprimerov, Russian physicist (b. 1921)
* 2017 &ndash; Newman Hoar, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1920)
* 2018 &ndash; Doug Barnard, Jr., American politician (b. 1922)
* 2018 &ndash; Stephane Gauger, Vietnamese–American film director (b. 1969)
* 2018 &ndash; Edgar Ray Killen, American convicted murderer (b. 1925)
* 2018 &ndash; Takis Loukanidis, Greek footballer (b. 1937)
* 2019 &ndash; Michael Atiyah, British–Lebanese mathematician (b. 1929)
* 2019 &ndash; Steffan Lewis, Welsh politician (b. 1984)
* 2019 &ndash; Dimitris Sioufas, Greek politician (b. 1944)
* 2020: Jesús Alfonso Escoboza Huerta    "La Parka" Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1966).

## Observances 
* Kagami Biraki (Japan)
* Republic Day (Albania)
* Day of National Unity (Nepal)
* Burning the Clavie (Old Scottish New Year tradition)

## References