open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gold Coast, Queensland

The **Gold Coast** () is the name given to a 57-kilometre long stretch of coast in the south east corner of Queensland, Australia. At the south end is the town of Coolangatta on the border with New South Wales. The north end of the Gold Coast is at Beenleigh and includes South Stradbroke Island. It also includes the foothills of the Great Dividing Range. The Gold Coast is famous for its surf beaches which include Coolangatta, Currumbin, Palm Beach, Burleigh Heads, Miami, Broadbeach, Surfers Paradise and Main Beach. The Gold Coast City is the sixth largest city in Australia with a population of more than 515,000 people (2010). It has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification). Summers are hot and wet; winters are warm with moderate rainfall. It is a very popular place for holidays and has its own international airport. Many people go there for the beaches and to visit the theme parks which include Warner Bros. Movie World, Dreamworld, Seaworld and Wet and Wild.

A lot of houses on the Gold Coast are built in canal estates with over 260 kilometers of canals. Q1 is the tallest residential building in the world. Including the spire it reaches 322.5 metres above the street.

## References
List of science fiction awards

Several awards are given to authors, editors and illustrators for creating works of science fiction. These awards show that fans or other professionals recognize the quality of stories, novels, movies, illustrations, or other works.  Awards are usually given once a year. The list below gives the name of the award, additional information, and the year it began.

## International awards
*Hugo Award - since 1955
*Nebula Award - since 1965
*Edward E. Smith Memorial Award *(the Skylark)* - since 1966
*BSFA Award - since 1970
*Seiun Award - since 1970
*Locus Award - since 1971
*Saturn Award - movie and television SF - since 1972
*John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel - since 1973
*Rhysling Award - for best science fiction poetry, given by the Science Fiction Poetry Association - since 1978
*Philip K. Dick Award - since 1982
*Arthur C. Clarke Award - since 1987
*Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award for best short science fiction - since 1987

## Awards by country or region
*Aurealis Award - Australian
*Aurora Award - for Canadian science fiction
*Chandler Award - for contributions to Australian Science fiction
*The Constellation Awards - for the best SF/fantasy movie or television works released in Canada
*Ditmar Award - for SF by Australians
*Endeavour Award- for SF by authors from the Pacific Northwest 
*Janusz A. Zajdel Award - award of Polish fandom
*Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis - German SF award
*Nautilus Award - Polish award
*Paul Harland Prize - for Dutch SF
*Prix Tour-Apollo Award - France since 1972
*SFERA Award - given by SFera, a Croatian SF society
*Sir Julius Vogel Award - for SF by New Zealanders
*Tähtivaeltaja Award - for the best SF novel released in Finland
*Premio Urania - for Italian SF
*The Galaxy Awards *(银河奖)* - given by magazine *Science Fiction World* for Chinese SF&F
*SRSFF Award - România

## Awards for SF with a specific theme
*Prometheus Award - best Libertarian SF - since 1979
*Lambda Literary Award - since 1988
*Tiptree Award - since 1991
*Sidewise Award for Alternate History - since 1995
*Gaylactic Spectrum Awards - since 1999
*Geffen Award - Israeli award - since 1999
*Norton Award - San Francisco - since 2003

## New artists or first works
*Writers of the Future - contest for new authors
*Jack Gaughan Award for Best Emerging Artist
*John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer
*Compton Crook Award For Best first Novel in the genre in a given year.

## Career awards
*Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award - associated with the Nebula

## References
Interborough Rapid Transit Company

The **Interborough Rapid Transit Company** (IRT) was the first operator of the original underground New York City Subway line that opened in 1904, as well as other earlier railways and rapid transit lines in New York City. The company was bought by New York City in June 1940. The former IRT lines (the numbered lines in the current subway system) are now the A Division or IRT Division of the Subway.

The following services are or were part of the IRT or MTA IRT Division:

*Line 1: Seventh Avenue Local
*Line 2: Seventh Avenue Express
*Line 3: Seventh Avenue Express
*Line 4: Lexington Avenue Express
*Line 5: Lexington Avenue Express
*Line 6: Lexington Avenue Local
*Line 7: Flushing Express and Local
*Line S: 42nd Street Shuttle
Plaza Monumental Román Eduardo Sandia

**Plaza Monumental Román Eduardo Sandia** also known as the **Plaza de Toros de Mérida** is a plaza de toros first class located in the city of Mérida, Venezuela being one of the main infrastructure for cultural and artistic events to large scale of the city after the Estadio Olímpico Metropolitano and the fence locations for the bullfights in the frame of the Feria Internacional del Sol.

The Plaza was inaugurated in 1967 to serve as a forum to various events of Ferias del Sol, and has a capacity of 16,000 spectators.

He has received prominent bullfighters like Julian López "El Juli", Francisco Rivera Ordóñez, Juan José "Morante de la Puebla", Miguel Ángel Perera, Enrique Ponce, Francisco Rivera "Paquirrí", Pálomo Lináres, Javier Conde, Manuel Bénitez "El Cordobés", José María Manzanares, Antonio Barrera, Paquito Perlaza, Leonardo Bénitez, Luis Bolivar, David Fandila "El Fandi", Mary Paz Vega, Morenito de Maracay, Nerio Ramirez "El Tovareño", Rafael Orellana, César Vanegas, César Faraco, Eduardo Valenzuela, among others.

]]

But he has also received several Venezuelan and international artists and singers like Juanes, Maná, Desorden Público, Caramelos de Cianuro, Franco De Vita, Paulina Rubio, Chino y Nacho, Don Omar, Tito El Bambino, Molotov, Wisin & Yandel, Dalmata, Vos Veis, Los Hombres G, Aterciopelados, Jorge Celedón, Jean Carlos Centeno, L'squadron, Tecupae, Luis Silva, Armando Martínez, among others.

## Other websites
*  Images and references to the Plaza on Portaltaurino.com
Brewing

**Brewing** is the process of making beer. It is usually made in a brewery, though it can be made at home. It is made by adding yeast that ferment malt, barley or sugar into a large vat. Ethanol is produced by yeasts using up the energy from the mixture (which the yeasts digest into glucose) because there is no oxygen in the vat.

## References
Artivism

**Artivism** combines art and activism. Artivism developed since the Berlin wall collapsed while the anti-globalization and antiwar protests emerged and proliferated. In most of the cases artivists attempt to push political agendas by the means of art and especially, but not only street art.

## The years 1967-1968
Protesting against the War in Vietnam, American "hippies" could use poetry, songs, sittings and other non traditional demonstration techniques.

## From The fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) to the 9/11 (2001) 
In 1993, Act Up-Paris put a gigantic pink condom on the Concord Obelisk. It was Land art in a way. And it rose interest in France about VIH infection risks. In Mexico the "intergalactic" anonymous Chiapas mouvement used "phony icons", like sub-commander Marcos to attract attention from the media.

## Since the 9/11 (2001) 
In some cases, in Paris in 2003 for instance, artivists were arrested for acts of political art that verged on property destruction. A typical short term goal of artivists is to reclaim public space, especially by subvertising or destroying ads in urban areas or city transportation systems. Nevertheless, artivists engage in different media like the internet not only for actions which could be described as hacktivism.

Often the acts of artivists can be referred to as part of the larger concept of culture jamming.

## Social Centres
Artivists are often found in social centers.
Reticulated python

The **reticulated python** (***Python reticulatus***) is a species of *Python* found in Southeast Asia. Adults can grow to 22.8 feet (6.95 m) in length but average is 9.8-19.7 feet. They are the world's longest snakes and longest reptile, but not the most heavily built. They usually weigh about 350 lbs. The thickest and heaviest living snake is the anaconda, also known as the green anaconda. Like all pythons, they are non-venomous constrictors (they squeeze their prey) and normally not considered dangerous to humans. Although large ones are powerful enough to kill an adult human, attacks seldom happen.

## References
Qwest

**Qwest Communications International Inc.** was an American telecom company. It served 14 north central and western states. Qwest merged with Baby Bell company **US West Communications** during 2000. US West had consisted of **Pacific Northwest Bell**, **Mountain Bell** and **Northwestern Bell** before 1991, during which year the three telephone companies merged to become US West. Qwest Communications was founded around 1996.

On April 22, 2010, CenturyLink announced that it was going to buy Qwest for $22.4 billion. CenturyLink's purchase of Qwest was completed in early 2011. Qwest is no longer in business as of 2011.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Qwest website
Baird's tapir

**Baird’s tapir** (*Tapirus bairdii*) is a species of tapir native to Central America and northern South America. It is one of four Latin American species of tapir.

Baird’s tapir inhabits the dense jungles of Central America, including southeastern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

This species is known to live at altitudes as high as 3,350 meters (10,990 feet).
Malayan tapir

The **Malayan tapir** (*Tapirus indicus*), also called the **Asian tapir**, **Asiatic tapir**, **Oriental tapir**, **Indian tapir**, or **piebald tapir**, is the largest of the five species of tapir. It the only one native to Asia. This shows that the original distribution of its family was much wider, because all the other species are found in Central or South America.

The scientific name refers to the East Indies, the species' natural habitat. In the Malay, the tapir is commonly referred to as "cipan", "tenuk" or "badak tampong".
Flag carrier

A **flag carrier** is an airline or ship line that is owned by the government of the country it is based in. Sometimes this means that the company has a monopoly on some routes, especially those to other countries.  The term may have come about because of laws that all planes and ships have to show the flag of the country they are  in.

## List of national airlines 
## References
Ford Ranger

**Ford Ranger** is a North American pickup truck distributed via Ford Motor Company. The Ranger currently in operation dates back to around 1983, although the name *Ranger* first got used on other types of Ford trucks in 1965. The Ford Ranger was discontinued in 2011, though it will be brought back in 2019.

## References
Melanin

**Melanin** is a special pigment of the epidermis. It helps protect the body from the sun's radiation. This pigment contributes to the color of the skin and is produced deep within the layers of the epidermis. It is created from amino acid tyrosine It help our skin to protect from the sun.

## References
*

## Related pages
*Melanocyte
Somewhere in Time (album)

***Somewhere in Time*** is a studio album by Iron Maiden.  It went on sale on 29 June 1986. It was the third most popular album in England when it started being sold.

## Track listing
## Musicians
* Bruce Dickinson – vocals
* Dave Murray – guitar, guitar synth
* Adrian Smith – guitar, backing vocals
* Steve Harris – bass guitar, backing vocals, bass synth
* Nicko McBrain – drums

## References
Conan (TV series)

***Conan*** is a late-night talk show on TBS. It is hosted by Conan O'Brien, who used to host *The Tonight Show* and ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien''. His sidekick and announcer is Andy Richter, and his band is Jimmy Vivino and the Basic Cable Band. The show started in November 2010, and ended in 2021. A show has two celebrity guests and a monologue. In addition, there is either a musical guest or a stand-up comedian. Rounding out the show are comedy bits, which include spoofs of local newscasts, recurring characters, and ridiculous things happening to trombone player LaBamba Rosenberg.
Great Migration (African American)

The **Great Migration** was the migration (movement) of around 6 million African Americans out of the Southern United States to the Midwest, Northeast and West. The main reasons African Americans left the South were to escape racism and seek jobs in industrial cities. There is a series of paintings about it. 

When a lot of African Americans moved to the south from the 1960s and onwards, it was called the **New Great Migration**. In 1963 to 2001, data shows the movement of African Americans back to the South following de-industrialization in Northeastern and Midwestern cities, the growth of good jobs in the South, and better racial relations. Many people moved back because of family ties and poverty..

## References
Marilyn Quayle

**Marilyn Tucker-Quayle** (born July 29, 1949) is an American lawyer and novelist. She was the second lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993 as the wife of the 44th vice president of the United States, Dan Quayle. 

## Early life
She was born in Indianapolis. Her parents were Mary Alice (nee Craig, died 1975) and Warren Samuel Tucker (died 2004). She is the fourth of six children. She has three sisters (Nancy, Sally, and Janet) and two brothers (James and William). Marilyn's parents were both doctors. Her maternal grandfather was born in Maybole, Scotland.

## References
New York Herald

The ***New York Herald*** was a daily newspaper based in New York City. The paper was circulated from 1835 to 1924. The first issue of the paper was published by James Gordon Bennett, Sr. on May 6, 1835. By 1845, it was the most popular and most bought daily newspaper in the United States. In 1861, it had sold about 84,000 copies and called itself "the most largely circulated journal in the world." Bennett said that the point of newspapers "is not to instruct but to startle."

Bennett's politics influenced the articles in the *Herald*. He tended to be anti-Catholic, but not particularly anti-immigrant like most people who did not like the Catholics in New York at the time. During the American Civil War, it was a staunch supporter of the Democratic Party. When the *Herald* was still controlled by Bennett, it was considered to be the most sensationalist of the leading New York papers at the time.

## Related pages
*The New York Zoo hoax
Yelawolf

**Michael Wayne Atha** (born December 30, 1979), known by his stage name  **Yelawolf**, is an American rapper. He is of Caucasian and Cherokee descent, and his stage name Yelawolf is a reference to his Native American roots.

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *Creek Water* (2005)
* *Radioactive* (2011)
* *Love Story* (2015)
* *Trial by Fire* (2017)
* *Trunk Muzik III* (2019)
* *Ghetto Cowboy* (2019)
* *Mud Mouth* (2021)

### Compilation albums
* *Shady XV* (with Shady Records) (2014)

### Solo EPs
* *Arena Rap* (2008)
* *Trunk Muzik 0-60* (2010)
* *Hotel* (2016)

### Collaborative albums
* *Devil Went Down To Georgia* (with Korn) (2020)
* *Yelawolf Blacksheep* (with Caskey) (2021)
* *Turquoise Tornado* (with Riff Raff) (2021)
* *Mile Zero* (with DJ Muggs) (2021)
* *Sometimes Y* (with Shooter Jennings) (2022)

### Collaborative EPs
* *The Slumdon Bridge* (with Ed Sheeran) (2012)
* *Psycho White* (with Travis Barker) (2012)
* *Black Fall* (with DJ Paul) (2013)
* *Catfish Billy x Cub Cook Up Boss* (with Cook Up Boss) (2017)
* *Catfish Billy x Cub Cook Up Boss Slum Trap* (with Cook Up Boss) (2019)
* *Slumafia* (with DJ Paul) (2021)

### Mixtapes
* ''Pissin' in a Barrel of Beez* (2005)
* *Ball of Flames: The Ballad of Slick Rick E. Bobby* (2007)
* *Stereo: A Hip-Hop Tribute To Classic Rock* (2008)
* *Trunk Muzik* (2010)
* *Heart of Dixie* (2012)
* *Trunk Muzik Returns'' (2013)

## Other websites
* Yelawolf's Official website
Condamine, Queensland

**Condamine** is a very small town of 150 people in Queensland, Australia, 373km west of the state capital, Brisbane. It is built on the banks of the Condamine River. The town is famous for being mentioned in songs, stories and poems. The song "Banks of the Condamine" is about the girlfriend of a shearer who wants to go shearing with him.

## References
Premier of Queensland

The  **Premier of Queensland ** is the head of the Government of Queensland, Australia. The Premier does the same job at a state level as the Prime Minister of Australia does at a national level. Formal power is held by the Queen who is represented in Queensland by the Governor of Queensland. The Governor acts on the advice given to him by the Premier. The current Premier of Queensland is David Crisafulli.

Queensland is governed under the Westminster  system of parliamentary government. Unlike other Australian states, it is not a bicameral system, having only one elected house. This house is called the Legislative Assembly. After an election, the State Governor appoints as Premier, the leader of the party who can control a majority of the elected members in the lower house. The Premier must resign if they no longer have a majority in the  Legislative Assembly. This can happen if they lose seats at an election, or if their own political party does not support them.

Queensland was a British colony, and power was held by the Governor. In 1859 Britain allowed Queensland to have its own parliament, and the power was passed to the Premier.

## Other websites
*
Mary Fallin

**Mary Fallin** (born December 9, 1954) is an American politician. She was the 27th Governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma from 2011 to 2019. Before becoming governor, she was a U.S. Representative, serving from 2007 until 2011.

She is the second woman elected to the United States Congress from Oklahoma. The first was Alice Mary Robertson in 1921. She was the first Republican and first woman to serve as Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma. She served in that post from 1995 to 2007. She is also the first woman to serve as Governor in the state of Oklahoma.

## Early life and career 
Fallin was raised in Tecumseh. Her mother and father both served terms as mayor of Tecumseh. She is a graduate of Tecumseh High School. She attended Oklahoma Baptist University in Shawnee and University of Central Oklahoma in Edmond. Fallin has a Bachelor of Science degree from Oklahoma State University.

Fallin has two children, Christina and Price. They live in Oklahoma City. Fallin was first elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives in 1990. She served two terms.

## Lieutenant Governor (1995–2007) 
In 1995, Fallin became Oklahoma’s first woman and first Republican to be elected as the Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma. She served as president of the Senate and on 10 boards and commissions. She followed an aggressive agenda focusing on economic development, education, health care and government reform during her 12 years in office.

In the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, she formed a task force to rebuild the childcare center lost in the disaster. Fallin also initiated Project Homesafe, a gun safety program that has distributed more than 80,000 free cable gun locks to Oklahomans.

## Congressional career (2007–2011) 
Fallin did not seek re-election in 2006 as lieutenant governor. She ran for the 5th Congressional District seat being vacated by Ernest Istook. In the July 25 GOP primary, she received the most votes. On August 22, she faced the second-place finisher, Oklahoma City Mayor Mick Cornett in the GOP candidate runoff election. She won with 63% of the vote.

Fallin was elected on November 7, defeating Democrat Paul David Hunter. She is the first woman elected to Congress from Oklahoma since 1921. Alice Mary Robertson was the first woman to be elected to U.S. Congress from Oklahoma. She resigned her office on January 2, 2007 in order to be sworn in to Congress on January 4, 2007. Lieutenant Governor-elect Jari Askins was appointed by Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry to fill the remaining days of Fallin's term.

Fallin easily won reelection in 2008. During her last term in Congress, Fallin served on the House Committee on Armed Services, the House Committee on Small Business, and the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

## Governorship (2011–2019)
On November 10, 2010, Fallin defeated Jari Askins with more than 60% of the vote.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Mary Fallin Governor *official site*

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Loris

The **Lorises** are solitary mammals that live in tropical rainforests in southeast Asia. The loris is arboreal, living in trees. It is nocturnal, most active at night. In captivity, the loris lives for up to 13 years.

The loris is a group of primates. They are closely related to galagos and slightly less closely related to lemurs. 

The loris has enormous eyes, grasping fingers, and toes with opposable digits. The loris ranges from 7 to 15 inches (18 to 38&nbsp;cm) long. It has a stubby tail, only about 1 inch (3&nbsp;cm) long.

The loris is an omnivore (eating plants and animals); it eats mostly insects, lizards, fruits, and some plant shoots.
Sogod, Cebu

**Sogod** is a 4th class municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 28,955 people.

## Barangays
Sogod is politically subdivided into 18 barangays.

## Other websites
*Philippine Standard Geographic Code
Rockhampton

**Rockhampton** is a city in Queensland, Australia. In June 2018, 78,592 people lived there. It is built on the banks of the Fitzroy River about 30&nbsp;km from the coast. It is called the "Beef Capital of Australia." The town was first settled in 1855, and grew when gold was found in the Fitzroy River in 1858, and later at Mount Morgan. The town is the service centre for a large number of cattle stations (large farms). There are two abattoirs for exporting beef from Rockhampton. There are also large coal mines to the west of Rockhampton, and a magnesium mine. Road, rail and the airport were covered in water.

## References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

highway system.]]**AASHTO** means **American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials**. It is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, quality control protocols and guidelines which are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States. Despite its name, the association represents not only highways but air, rail, water, and public transportation as well.

Though AASHTO is not a government body, it possesses quasi-governmental powers in the sense that the organizations that supply its members customarily obey most AASHTO decisions. 

Besides its publications, AASHTO performs or cooperates in research projects. 
## Other websites 
* Official AASHTO site
* AASHTO Daily Transportation News Update 
* AASHTO Special Committee on U.S. Route Numbering
Korea under Japanese rule

**Korea under Japanese rule** is a term to define Korea when it was under Japanese control. Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895 and in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 cleared the way. Japan controlled Korea for 35 years during Japanese Imperialism. The Japanese control of Korea lasted from 22 August 1910  until 15 August 1945. The Japanese rulers of Korea left the country on 2 September 1945. In Japan, the more common term is "Korea of the Japanese-Governed Period" (日本統治時代の朝鮮, Nippon Tōchi-jidai no Chōsen). In South Korea, the term is "Korea of the Japanese-Colonial Period" (일제강점기, 日帝強占期, Ilje gangjeomgi).

The period is usually divided into three parts. In 1910-1919, the Japanese treated Koreans with military force (무단 통치, 武斷 統治). From 1919 to 1930s they gave Korea some more rights, but still treated them badly (문화 통치, 文化 統治 / 민족 분열 통치, 民族 分裂 統治). However, they later tried to force them to become Japanese from 1930s to their surrender in World War II (민족 말살 통치, 民族 抹殺 統治).

Despite them being allies to the United States and having an interest in each other's cultures, Japanese and Koreans still tend to have suspicion of each other because of how Japan treated Korea during its time as a colony

## Other websites
*Isabella Lucy Bird (1898), *Korea and Her Neighbours: A Narrative of Travel, with an Account of the Recent Vicissitudes and Present Position of the Country*
*Horace Newton Allen (1908), *Things Korean: A Collection of Sketches and Anecdotes, Missionary and Diplomatic
*Hildi Kang (2001), *Under the Black Umbrella: Voices from Colonial Korea, 1910-1945*, Cornell University Press, 
*Toshiyuki Mizoguchi, "Consumer Prices and Real Wages in Taiwan and Korea under Japanese Rule" *Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics*, 13(1): 40-56
*Toshiyuki Mizoguchi, "Economic Growth of Korea under the Japanese Occupation - Background of Industrialization of Korea 1911-1940" *Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics*, 20(1): 1-19
*Toshiyuki Mizoguchi, "Foreign Trade in Taiwan and Korea under Japanese Rule" *Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics'', 14(2): 37-53
*Kim, Young-Koo, The Validity of Some Coerced Treaties in the Early 20th Century: A Reconsideration of the Japanese Annexation of Korea in Legal Perspective
Epoch (geology)

An **epoch** in geology is a part of a period. Thus the Cainozoic era is now divided into three periods, the Palaeogene, the Neogene and the Quaternary. These are finally broken down into these epochs: Palaeocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene.

The Tertiary, now not used ('deprecated'), included the Palaeogene and Neogene. That is why the last period is called the Quarternary, and there was a big debate about that, too. These decisions are made by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). This organisation runs an International Commission on Stratigraphy, which decides how we should name geological strata and stages. They describe their work as follows:
:"[Our] primary objective is to precisely define global units (systems, series, and stages) of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart... [These] are the basis for the units (periods, epochs, and age) of the International Geologic Time Scale."
* Mesozoic
** Triassic
**: Lower Triassic
**: Middle Triassic
**: Upper Triassic
** Jurassic
**: Lower Jurassic
**: Middle Jurassic
**: Upper Jurassic
** Cretaceous
**: Lower Cretaceous
**: Upper Cretaceous
* Cainozoic
** Palaeogene
**: Palaeocene
**: Eocene
**: Oligocene
** Neogene
**: Miocene
**: Pliocene
** Quaternary
**: Pleistocene
**: Holocene

## References
Tesla (unit)

The **tesla** (symbol **T**) is the SI unit used to measure the strength of magnetic fields. Tesla can be measured in different ways; for example, one tesla is equal to one weber per square meter.

The tesla was first defined in 1960 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM).  It was named in honor of the physicist, electrical engineer, and inventor, Nikola Tesla.

## Definitions 
Using only the seven base SI units, the definition of a tesla is:
:\mbox{T} 
= \dfrac{\mbox{kg}}{\mbox{A} \cdot \mbox{s}^2}

Using other SI derived units, a tesla is also equal to:
:\mbox{T} 
= \dfrac{\mbox{V} \cdot \mbox{s}}{\mbox{m}^{2}}
= \dfrac{\mbox{N}}{\mbox{A} \cdot \mbox{m}}
= \dfrac{\mbox{Wb}}{\mbox{m}^{2}}
= \dfrac{\mbox{kg}}{\mbox{C} \cdot \mbox{s}}
= \dfrac{\mbox{N} \cdot \mbox{s}}{\mbox{C} \cdot \mbox{m}}

The units used are:

A = ampere
C = coulomb
kg = kilogram
m = meter
N = newton
s = second
T = tesla
V = volt
Wb = weber

A tesla is also equal to 10,000 (104) gauss in the CGS system of units.

## Example values 
* **3.1×10−5–5.8-5 T** – the Earth's magnetic field at its surface
* **5×10-3 T** – the strength of a typical refrigerator magnet
* **0.3 T** – the strength of solar sunspots
* **1.25T** – the strength of the surface of a neodymium magnet
* **1.5−3 T** – strength of medical magnetic resonance imaging systems
* **4 T** – strength of the superconducting magnet built around the CMS detector at CERN
* **13 T** – strength of ITER fusion reactor
* **16 T** – magnetic field strength required to levitate a frog as part of an Ig Nobel Prize winning project.

## References
Demography

**Demography** studies the statistics of human populations. Demography is usually  used to study dynamic (constantly changing) populations. It covers the study of the size, structure and distribution of these populations and the changes in these populations due to births, deaths, migration and emigration.
Demography can also be applied to entire groups defined by nationality, religion and ethnicity. 

Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of populations processes, while the more broad field of social demography population studies also analyze the relationships between economic, social, cultural and biological processes influencing a population.

## Related pages
* Sociology
* Demographics
Chinchilla, Queensland

**Chinchilla** is a small town of 3,100 people in Queensland, Australia. It is 294 kms west of the state capital Brisbane. The Chinchilla area was first explored by Europens when Alan Cunningham made his journey from Sydney to explore the Darling Downs in 1827. Farmers arrived to settle the area in 1848 and set up Chinchilla Station. This was part of the Wongongera Station which had been set up in 1846. It was probably named after the local Aboriginal word *jinchilla* meaning cypress pine.

## References
Revelstoke Mountain Resort

**Revelstoke Mountain Resort** (RMR) is a ski resort near the town of Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada.  The resort is located on Mount Mackenzie, south of the town of Revelstoke.  The resort has 1263 hectares (3121 acres) of terrain to ski on, accessible by chairlifts. It has a 1713 vertical meter descent.  The resort has two high-speed quad chairs and an eight-person gondola.  Besides the lift-access terrain, the resort also has a large cat skiing operation in the three alpine bowls immediately east of the lift terrain. In addition to the lift and cat skiing operations, there is also a heli-skiing operation with access to 200,000 hectares (500,000 acres) of skiable terrain.

The resort first opened on December 22, 2007. It was thought to be the biggest North American ski resort debut in twenty years. The event was overshadowed by the death of an Edmonton ski instructor who disappeared on the "Jalapeno" run and whose body was found in a tree well three days later.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Reformism

**Reformism** is the belief that  democratic changes in a society would mean that a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures would change. This belief grew out of opposition to revolutionary socialism, which challenges that revolutions are necessary to fundamentally change a society. Someone who believes in reformism is a *reformist*.
Pisanosaurus

***Pisanosaurus*** (meaning "Pisano lizard") is a genus of primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of what is now South America. It was a bipedal herbivore described by Argentine paleontologist Rodolfo Casamiquela in 1967. Only one species the type, *Pisanosaurus mertii*, is known, based on a single partial skeleton. 

It is the oldest known ornithischian.
Fiorello La Guardia

**Fiorello Henry La Guardia** (sometimes LaGuardia) (pronounced /fiəˈrɛloʊ ləˈɡwɑrdiə/; born **Fiorello Enrico La Guardia**) was Mayor of New York City for three terms from 1934 to 1945. A member of the Republican Party, La Guardia is acclaimed as one of the greatest mayors in American history.

## Career
He was elected to Congress in 1916 and 1918, and again from 1922 through 1930. La Guardia is often touted as one of the greatest mayors in American history. Since he was only five feet tall and his first name was Italian for "Little Flower", he was called "the Little Flower" throughout his life. He moved to Arizona with his family, where his father had a bandmaster position at Fort Whipple in the U.S. Army.

La Guardia, a Republican who was liked across party lines, was very popular in New York during the Great Depression. As a supporter of the New Deal, he supported President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, and in turn Roosevelt heavily funded the city and cut off patronage from many politicians and establishments who did not support La Guardia. Many people felt that La Guardia improved New York City economically and socially and restored public faith in City Hall.

During his terms, he unified the transit system, directed the building of low-cost public housing, public playgrounds, and parks, constructed airports, reorganized the police force, defeated the powerful political machine Tammany Hall, and improved employment rates in New York City, even during the depression.

In the mid-1940s, there was a newspaper strike in New York City. La Guardia responded to the public clamor by sitting at a radio microphone and describing and reading the Sunday comics to the children of the city. He described the cartoons and portrayed the dialects and accents of the characters. This endeared La Guardia to the electorate and the children of New York and gave him a larger national image.

## Personal life
La Guardia’s father was a Roman Catholic-turned-atheist, and his mother was Jewish, albeit a non practising one. La Guardia himself was Episcopalian. 

La Guardia was a Freemason.

## References
Golden Fleece

In Greek mythology, the **Golden Fleece** is the fleece of the gold-haired winged ram. It is in the story of Jason and his group of Argonauts. They set out on a quest ordered by King Pelias to get the fleece so that Jason can rightfully claim the throne of Iolcus in Thessaly.

## References
Never Gonna Leave This Bed

"**Never Gonna Leave This Bed**" is the 4th single released by pop/rock band *Maroon 5* under A&M/Octone Records off the album *Hands All Over*. The song was written by frontman Adam Levine and produced by producer Robert "Mutt" Lange. The single was released on February 22, 2011.

## Music video
The music video for the song was shot at several different places including Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles, California. The video shows scenes of Levine and his girlfriend in 3 different bed settings including a bed setting on the beach of Santa Monica, a bed setting on Broadway in Los Angeles, CA, and a bed setting in the upper floor of the Hilton Hotel. The video also features the band performing in a small room, or box, more likely to be explained, on a busy street in downtown Los Angeles singing the song. The music video was released on iTunes on 8 February 2011.

### Premier
The music video for the single premiered on February 5, 2011 on VH1's Top 20 Video Countdown.

## Track listing
### EP
# Never Gonna Leave This Bed (Radio edit) - 3:13
# Never Gonna Leave This Bed (Dave Aude remix) - 4:03
# Misery - 3:36
# Stutter - 3:16
Shonisaurus

]]

***Shonisaurus*** is the largest ichthyosaur, and the largest extinct marine animal that has yet been found. It was the largest marine reptile until 2024 when *Ichthyotitan* was described. It was found first in rocks of the Upper Triassic in Nevada, and later in British Columbia.

## Discovery and description 
Fossils of *Shonisaurus* were first found in a large deposit in Nevada in 1920. Thirty years later, they were excavated, uncovering the remains of 37 very large ichthyosaurs. These were named *Shonisaurus*, ("Lizard from the Shoshone Mountains"). *Shonisaurus* lived 216–203 million years ago.

*S. popularis* was about 15 metres (50&nbsp;ft) long. A longer specimen is now placed in  *Shastasaurus* rather than *Shonisaurus*. *Shonisaurus* had a long pointed mouth that contained teeth only at the front end.

Thus, due to being, perhaps, a slow-moving animal, it may have fed like a modern-day whale shark, taking large amounts of small prey. Whale sharks sometimes feed on schooling fish, and small sharks and the extinct Saurichthys, along with ammonites, belemnites and squid, would've supplemented *Shonisaurus*.

## Fossils 
The first species discovered, *S. popularis*, was adopted as the state fossil of Nevada in 1984. Excavations, begun in 1954 under the direction of Charles Camp and Samuel Welles of the University of California, Berkeley, were continued by Camp throughout the 60s.

## References 
* Camp C.L. 1980. Large ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic of Nevada. *Palaeontographica, Abteilung A,* **170**:139-200.
* Camp C.L. 1981. *Child of the rocks, the story of Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park*. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology special publication 5.

## Other websites
* Nevada Division of State Parks
Hands All Over (song)

"**Hands All Over**" is a single released under A&M/Octone Records by pop/rock band *Maroon 5*. It is the 3rd single released off of the band's 3rd studio album called *Hands All Over*. It was released on December 22, 2010. The music video for the song was leaked on YouTube and Yahoo! Music on December 23, 2010.

## Music Video
The music video for *Hands All Over* was leaked on Maroon 5's home YouTube page on December 23, 2010. However, the music video was leaked on YouTube for only if a user had the link to the video. The band released the link for anyone on Facebook and Twitter. The Facebook page *Hands All Over (Maroon 5 album) 9.21.10* leaked the leak along with the band's official Facebook page.

The music video shows a somewhat animated feature showing the bandmates performing in separate areas with "hands" on the bodies of the band members.
Gorgosaurus

***Gorgosaurus*** is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Upper Cretaceous, between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago.

Fossil remains have been found in the Canadian province of Alberta and possibly the U.S. state of Montana. It was closely related to *T. rex* and *Albertosaurus*. *Gorgosaurus*, like *T. rex*, had huge jaws with large, sharp, cone-shaped teeth, powerful legs, tiny arms and two-fingered hands.

*Gorgosaurus* lived in a lush floodplain environment along the edge of an inland sea. It was an apex predator: it preyed on  ceratopsids and hadrosaurs. 

*Gorgosaurus* spent as much as half its life in the juvenile phase before ballooning up to near-maximum size in only a few years.

Most specimens of *Gorgosaurus libratus* have been recovered from the Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta. This formation was laid down in the later Cretaceous, between 76.5 and 74.8&nbsp;million years ago.

## References
Sporangium

]]
 sporangia (capsules)]]
 leaf]]

A **sporangium** (pl: *sporangia*)  is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be a single cell or multicellular. All plants, fungi, and many other lineages form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce asexual spores by mitosis, but in nearly all land plants and many fungi, sporangia are the site of meiosis, and produce genetically unique haploid spores.

In flowering plants the sporangium tissue (except the epidermis) that produces the female spores is also called the **nucellus**.

## References
Pinacosaurus

***Pinacosaurus*** ("plank lizard") is a genus of medium-sized ankylosaur dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia and China. It lived about 80–75 million years ago, and was first found in 1923. 

*Pinacosaurus* had between two and five additional holes near each nostril, which have not been explained.

The animal was a medium-sized ankylosaur, about five metres long, weighing up to two tonnes. Its body was flat and low-slung but not as heavily built as in some other ankylosaurs. 

Its head was protected by bone tiles, hence the name. A smooth beak bit off low-growing plants that were sliced up by rows of small teeth and then swallowed. Food was slowly processed by its enormous hind gut. Neck, back and tail were protected by osteoderms. The animal could also actively defend itself with its tail club.

## References
Federico Barocci

**Federico Barocci**, born **Federico Fiori** (born 1535 or 1536 in Urbino, died 1612) was an important Italian painter. He is also known as *Fiori da Urbino*. His real name was * Federico Fiori*. His style is between that of Mannerism and Baroque. 

## Related pages
* List of Italian painters
Masiakasaurus

***Masiakasaurus***  was a small predatory theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Its a small, bipedal, meat-eating dinosaur that had forward-pointing teeth, a long neck, and a long tail. It was about the size of a really big dog.

The species name *Masiakasaurus knopfleri*, was named for Mark Knopfler, a guitarist and singer from the rock band Dire Straits. The paleontologists who discovered this dinosaur were listening to Knopfler's music when they found and dug up *Masiakasaurus*.

Also Masiakasaurus has appeared only one time in pop culture and that was in prehistoric planet 

Masiakasaurus is a wonderful animal
Deinosuchus

for nearly a half-century, is probably the best known of all *Deinosuchus* fossils. The darker shaded portions are actual fossil bone, while the light portions are plaster]]

***Deinosuchus*** is an extinct relative of the alligator which lived 84.2 to 73.1 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous period. 

The first remains were discovered in North Carolina in the 1850s, but it was not until 1909 that the genus was named and described. 

Additional fragments were discovered in the 1940s and were later made into an influential, but inaccurate, skull reconstruction at the American Museum of Natural History. Knowledge of *Deinosuchus* is still incomplete, but better skull material has been found in recent years.

*Deinosuchus* was far larger than any modern crocodile or alligator: it was up to  and weighed up to . However, its overall appearance was fairly similar to its modern relatives. 

It had large, robust teeth that were adapted to crushing, and its back was covered with thick round bony plates. One study suggests that *Deinosuchus* may have lived for up to 50&nbsp;years, growing at a similar rate to that of modern crocodilians, but growing for a much longer period.

*Deinosuchus* fossils have been found in ten U.S. states, as well as northern Mexico. It lived on both sides of the Western Interior Seaway, and was an ambush apex predator in the coastal regions of eastern North America. 

*Deinosuchus* reached its largest size in its western habitat, but the eastern populations were far more abundant. Opinion remains divided as to whether these two populations represent separate species. *Deinosuchus* was probably capable of killing and eating large dinosaurs. It may have also fed upon sea turtles, fish, and other aquatic and terrestrial prey.

## References
Windows on the World

**Windows on the World** was a group of venues at the top floors (106th and 107th) of the North Tower of the World Trade Center. It included Windows on the World, a smaller restaurant which was called Wild Blue, and a bar which was called The Greatest Bar on Earth. The restaurant was destroyed in the September 11 attacks.

In 2000, Windows on the World was the highest-earning restaurant in the United States. It earned a total of US$37 million.

It has also been speculated that "The Falling Man" was Jonathan Briley, an audio technician at the Windows on the World restaurant but his identity was never released.

There were plans to rebuild Windows on the World during the building of One World Trade Center but those plans were scrapped on March 7, 2011.

## References
## Other websites
*Windows on the World (Archive)
Sarcosuchus

***Sarcosuchus*** is an extinct genus of giant  crocodyliforms. It lived in the Lower Cretaceous of what is now Africa 135 to 112 million years ago.  

*Sarcosuchus* was one of the largest giant crocodiles that ever lived. It was almost twice as long as the modern saltwater crocodile and weighed about 8 tonnes. 

Until recently, all that was known of it was a few fossilised teeth and armour scutes, which were discovered in the Sahara Desert in the 1940s or 1950s. 

In 1997 and 2000, Paul Sereno discovered half a dozen new specimens, including one with about half the skeleton intact and most of the spine. All of the other giant crocodiles are known only from a few partial skulls, so which is actually the biggest is an open question.

## Palaeobiology 
Unlike other giant crocodiles, *Sarcosuchus* was a river predator. As the overhanging jaw and stout teeth are designed for grabbing and crushing, its primary prey may have been large animals and smaller dinosaurs, which it ambushed, dragged into the water, crushed, drowned and then tore apart.

However, the long, thin snout of *Sarcosuchus* was very similar to the thin snouts of the modern gharial, the false gharial and the slender-snouted crocodile, all of which are nearly exclusive fish-eaters and incapable of tackling large prey. This can be contrasted to both the modern Nile crocodile and the extinct *Deinosuchus*, both of which have very broad, heavy skulls, suitable for dealing with large prey. This, coupled with the abundance of large, lobe-finned fish in its environment, leads many to suggest that, far from being a dinosaur killer, Sarcosuchus was simply a large piscivore, a scaled-up version of the modern gharial.

## Environment 
110 million years ago, in the early Cretaceous, the Sahara was still a great tropical plain, dotted with lakes and crossed by rivers and streams that were lined with vegetation. Based on the number of fossils discovered, the aquatic *Sarcosuchus* was probably plentiful in these warm, shallow, freshwater habitats.

Unlike modern true crocodiles, which are very similar in size and shape to one another and tend to live in different areas; *Sarcosuchus* was just one of many Crocodyliformes, of different sizes and shapes, all living in the same area. They filled a diverse variety of ecological niches, instead of competing with each other for resources.

## References
Yeonsangun of Joseon

**Yeonsangun of Joseon** (, 1476 - 1506) was the tenth King of the Joseon Dynasty. His real name was **Yi Yung** (). His posthumous name was Heoncheonhongdogyeongmunwimudaewang ().

Son's of King Seongjong, great-grandson of Sejong the Great.

## Related pages
* Deposed Queen Lady Yun

## References 
* http://enc.daum.net/dic100/contents.do?query1=b15a3307b
HMS Endeavour

'*HMS *Endeavour***, also known as **HM Bark *Endeavour'''*, was a British Royal Navy ship commanded by Lieutenant James Cook on his first voyage of discovery to Australia and New Zealand from 1769 to 1771.

The ship was launched in 1764 as the coal carrying ship *Earl of Pembroke*. She was bought by the Navy in 1768 for a scientific mission to the  Pacific Ocean. She was also to search for the unknown southern land, *Terra Australis Incognita*. Renamed as *His Majesty's Bark the Endeavour'', she left Plymouth in August 1768. After sailing around Cape Horn she reached Tahiti to see the 1769 transit of Venus across the Sun. She then set sail into the largely uncharted ocean to the south, stopping at the Pacific islands of Huahine, Borabora, and Raiatea which Cook claimed for Great Britain. In September 1769, she anchored off New Zealand, the first European vessel to reach the islands since Abel Tasman's *Heemskerck* 127 years earlier. In April 1770, *Endeavour* became the first ship to reach the east coast of Australia, when Cook went ashore at what is now known as Botany Bay.

*Endeavour* then sailed north along the Australian coast. She ran into the Great Barrier Reef near Cape Tribulation. The crew were able to get the ship onto a beach on the mainland. This is now the site of the town of Cooktown. They stayed for seven weeks so that basic repairs could be made to her hull. On 10 October 1770, she limped into port in Batavia in the Dutch East Indies for more substantial repairs. She left on 26 December, rounded the Cape of Good Hope on 13 March 1771, and reached the English port of Dover on 12 July, having been at sea for nearly three years.

The *Endeavour* spent the next three years shipping Navy stores to the Falkland Islands. She was renamed and sold in 1775, but was used as a troop transport during the American Revolutionary War. She sank in a blockade of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island in 1778. Her wreck has not been found, but relics, including six of her cannons and an anchor, are displayed at maritime museums worldwide. A full size working copy of *Endeavour* was launched in 1994 and is berthed alongside the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney Harbour.

## References
## Other websites