open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nowy Sącz

**Nowy Sącz** (; ; ; ) is a city in Lesser Poland Voivodeship in Poland. In 2018, 83,896 people lived there.

It is at the confluence of the Kamienica River and Dunajec.

## Twin towns – sister cities 
Nowy Sącz is twinned with:

*  La Baule-Escoublac, France
*  Columbia County, United States
*  Elbląg, Poland
*  Gabrovo, Bulgaria
*  Kiskunhalas, Hungary
*  Massa, Italy
*  Narvik, Norway
*  Netanya, Israel
*  Prešov, Slovakia
*  Schwerte, Germany
*  Stará Ľubovňa, Slovakia
*  Stryi, Ukraine
*  Suzhou, China
*  Tarnów, Poland
*  Trakai, Lithuania
*  The Wirral, England, United Kingdom

## Other websites 
*
Julie London

**Julie London** (originally **Julie Peck**; September 26, 1926 – October 18, 2000) was an American pop and jazz singer, television, stage, radio and movie actress. Her career lasted for almost four decades. London was known for having sultry contralto vocal ranges. Contralto means a female singing voice whose vocal range has the lowest female voice type. She recorded just over thirty pop and jazz albums between 1955 and 1969. Her recording of the Arthur Hamilton melancholy pop ballad "Cry Me a River" was added into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2001. London was also awarded a Golden Globe Award in 1974 for her role as Dixie McCall in the 1970s NBC television show *Emergency!* (1972 to 1977).

London was the female lead in a lot of Western movies. Those included acting with Gary Cooper in *Man of the West* (1958), Robert Taylor in *Saddle the Wind* (another 1958 Western movie) and Robert Mitchum for *The Wonderful Country* (1959). Other movies were the crime movie *Crimes Against Joe* (1956) and the musical and comedy movie ''The Girl Can't Help It* (also from 1956). 

London released several albums during the 1960s. Those included *Whatever Julie Wants* (1961), *Love Letters* (1962) and *The End of the World'' (1963). The latter carried her cover of the Skeeter Davis song.

London was born in Santa Rosa, California. She was affected with negative health after a stroke in 1995. Four years later, London was given a diagnosis of lung cancer. She died from cardiac arrest inside a Los Angeles hospital at age 74.

## References
Second Syrian Republic

The **Second Syrian Republic**—officially the **Syrian Republic** from 1950 to 1958 and the **Syrian Arab Republic** from 1961 to 1963—succeeded the First Syrian Republic that had become *de facto* independent in April 1946 from the French Mandate. 

## References
;Notes
Seltjarnarnes

**Seltjarnarnes** is a town and municipality in the Capital Region of Iceland. In 2020, 4,726 people lived there. It was created in 1947.

## Twin towns – sister cities 
Seltjarnarnes is twinned with:
*  Lieto, Finland
*  Nesodden, Norway
*  Herlev, Denmark
*  Höganäs, Sweden

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Catherine Colonna

**Catherine Colonna** (born 16 April 1956) is a French politician. Colonna was the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs from 2022 to 2024. She was the Ambassador of France to the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022. Before this, she was the Ambassador of France to Italy between 2014 and 2017.

## Biography 
Colonna learnt about law as a child.

In 1983, she chose to become a diplomat instead of doing a job associated with law. She decided to work at the French embassy in the USA. Colonna started working in the political unit. She would move to the press and information unit.
After she went back to Paris, she would work in the legal part of Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She did this from 1986 to 1988.

In 1993, Minister of Foreign Affairs Alain Juppé and Cabinet Director Dominique de Villepin named Catherine Colonna deputy spokesperson. This meant she helped represent the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In May 1995, President Jacques Chirac made her the speaker for the Élysée Palace. Colonna would stop her work in diplomacy for a bit after this.

After the European Constitution referendum, she started working on diplomacy again. Colonna was made Minister Delegate for European Affairs on 2 June 2005. She was the Minister for two years, until 15 May 2007.

On 26 March 2008, Catherine Colonna was made the French ambassador to UNESCO.

She also is in-charge the board of leaders of the École du Louvre. She became in-charge in May 2010.

She was made the French ambassador to Italy on 14 August 2014. She would work as the ambassador until 2017. In 2019, she became the French ambassador to the United Kingdom.

## Awards
### National awards
* : Officer of the Legion of Honour
* : Officer of the National Order of Merit
* : Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

### Foreign awards
* : Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (1997)
* : Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Italy (2 June 2018)

## References
State of Syria (1925–1930)

The **State of Syria** (,  '''') was a French Mandate state created by decree of 5 December 1924, with effect from 1 January 1925, from the union of the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus.

## Other websites 
* Mandat Syrie-Liban ... (1920-1946)
* La Syrie et le mandat français (1920-1946)
* Les Relations franco-libanaises dans le cadre des relations Internationales
* Mandat français au Proche-Orient
*
Esparron

**Esparron** is the name of four communes in France:
* Esparron, Hautes-Alpes, in the Hautes-Alpes department
* Esparron, Haute-Garonne, in the Haute-Garonne department
* Esparron, Var, in the Var department
* Esparron-de-Verdon, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
Gino Strada

**Gino Strada** (born **Luigi Strada**; 21 April 1948 – 13 August 2021) was an Italian physician, human rights activist, peace activist, and war surgeon. He was the founder of Emergency, an international non-governmental organization. Strada was born in Sesto San Giovanni, Italy. 

Strada died in Rouen, France on 13 August 2021 from heart failure, aged 73.

## References
Haydée Coloso-Espino

**Haydee Coloso-Espino** (August 28, 1937 – August 12, 2021) was a Filipino swimmer. She competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. She was born in Dueñas, Philippines. She was known as the "Asian Swim Queen".

In January 2020, Coloso-Espino was hospitalized for a respiratory tract infection. She died at her home in Iloilo City on August 12, 2021, aged 83.

## References
Les Vandyke

**Les Vandyke** (born **John Worsley**; 21 June 1931 – 6 August 2021) was an English pop singer-songwriter.

Vandyke wrote the UK No.1 hits "What Do You Want?", "Poor Me" (both for Adam Faith), and "Well I Ask You" (for Eden Kane). 

Vandyke died on 6 August 2021 at the age of 90.

## References
Nanci Griffith

**Nanci Caroline Griffith** (July 6, 1953 – August 
13, 2021) was an American country folk singer-songwriter and guitarist. Griffith appeared many times on the PBS music program *Austin City Limits*. Griffith was born in Seguin, Texas. Her career lasted from 1977 until 2013. Griffith won a Grammy Award in 1994.

Griffith died on August 13, 2021 in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 68.

## References
Gábor Novák

**Gábor Novák** (14 August 1934 &ndash; 5 August 2021) was a Hungarian sprint canoer. He won a silver medal in the C-1 10000 m event at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.

## References
Corrèze, Corrèze

**Corrèze** is a commune in the Corrèze department. It is in central France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Corrèze department

## References
First Syrian Republic

The **First Syrian Republic**, officially the **Syrian Republic**, was formed in 1930 as a component of the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon, succeeding the State of Syria. 
## References
;Notes
Devizes (UK Parliament constituency)

**Devizes** is a constituency of the UK Parliament. It is in Wiltshire, England. The current MP for it is Danny Kruger, a Conservative. He was elected in the 2019 United Kingdom general election.

The constituency has four towns and many villages inside it. The area's MP has been someone from the Conservative Party since 1924.

## History
Devizes originally elected two Members of Parliament (MPs). They did this until the 1868 general election. They stopped because the Reform Act 1867 lowered its their amount of MPs to one MP. MPs are elected by first-past-the-post. The seat has had a Conservative MP elected at every election since 1924.

Its most well-known MP was Henry Addington. Addington was the MP for the seat when he was Prime Minister. He also was the MP for the seat when he was Speaker of the House of Commons.

## Members of Parliament
### 1295–1640
### 1640–1832
### 1832–1868
### Since 1868
Devizes has been a usual Conservative seat since 1945. The current Member of Parliament is Danny Kruger. He was first elected at the 2019 general election. The MP before him was Claire Perry. Perry decided not to run at the next election.

## In popular culture
Devizes was the constituency of the fictional (fake) Conservative MP The Honourable Sir Piers Fletcher-Dervish, Baronet, later Junior Minister for Housing, in the TV sitcom *The New Statesman*.  The actor Michael Troughton played the MP.
The show was set in the 1980s. This was when Charles Andrew Morrison was MP for the actual seat.

## References
Doom (movie)

***Doom*** is an science fiction movie directed by Andrezej Bartkowiak. Loosely based on adaptation on video game same title of the popular series by id Software. The movie starring Karl Urban, Rosamund Pike, Razaaq Adoti, and Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson.

After movie rights deals with Universal Pictures and Columbia Pictures has been expired, id Software was signed with a deal with Warner Bros, with the stipuation that the movie would be greenlit within a year.

## Reboot
14 years later, after the first *Doom* movie come out, executive producer John Wells stated that a reboot version called *Doom: Anihilation* was released in 2019.
A Night in Casablanca

***A Night in Casablanca*** is a 1946 American comedy movie directed by Archie Mayo and starring Groucho Marx, Harpo Marx, Chico Marx, Charles Drake, Lois Collier, Sig Ruman, Lewis L. Russell. It was distributed by United Artists.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Army Men

***Army Men*** is a series of video games developed by The 3DO Company and published by Global Star Software.
Police Academy: Mission to Moscow

***Police Academy: Mission to Moscow*** is a 1994 American comedy movie directed by Alan Matter and is the seventh movie in the *Police Academy* series. It stars Michael Winslow, David Graf, Leslie Easterbrook, George Gaynes, Christopher Lee, G.W. Bailey, Charlie Schlatter, Ron Perlman and was distributed by Warner Bros..

## Other websites
*
Rhino Season

***Rhino Season*** is a 2012 documentary movie directed by Bahman Ghobadi and starring Behrouz Vossoughi, Monica Bellucci, Yılmaz Erdoğan, Caner Cindoruk, Belçim Bilgin, Beret Saat.

## Other websites
*
Boana ericae

***Boana ericae*** is a frog that lives in Brazil. Scientists have only seen it in one place, in Chapada dos Veadeiros in Goiás.

## References
Too Young to Love

***Too Young to Love*** is a 1959 British courtroom drama movie directed by Muriel Box and was based on the play *Pickup Girl* by Elsa Shelley. It stars Pauline Hahn, Austin Willis, Vivian Matalon, Jess Conrad, Alan Gifford, Bessie Love, Cec Linder, Miki Iveria.

## Other websites
* 
*
Helen Parr (The Incredibles)

**Helen Parr**, (or **Elastigirl**, **Mrs. Incredible**), is a fictional character who appears in Pixar's animated superhero film *The Incredibles* (2004) and its sequel *Incredibles 2* (2018). Voiced by actress Holly Hunter, the character is a superhero who possesses superhuman elasticity, granting her the ability to stretch any part of her body to great proportions. It was written and developed by Brad Bird.

## References 
## Other websites 
* disney
Dreams (2006 movie)

***Dreams*** ( (*Ahlaam*) ) is a 2006 Iraqi drama movie directed by Mohamed Al-Daradji and starring Aseel Adel, Bashir Al-Majid, Mohamed Hashim.

## Other websites
*
Queensland Kanaka English

**Queensland Kanaka English**, **Queensland Canefields English** or **Queensland Plantation Pidgin English** is an English-based pidgin spoken by Melanesians labourers in parts of Queensland during the late 1860s.

## References
The Undercover Man

***The Undercover Man*** is a 1949 American crime thriller movie directed by Joseph H. Lewis and starring Glenn Ford, Nina Foch, James Whitmore, Barry Kelley, David Bauer, Howard St. John, Leo Penn, Kay Medford. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Muyinga

**Muyinga** is a city in northern Burundi. It is the capital of the Muyinga Province. It is at an elevation of 1731 m and 100,715 people lived there. The city is about 117&nbsp;km northeast of Bujumbura, the nation's capital.
Shadows and Fog

***Shadows and Fog*** is a 1991 American mystery comedy movie directed by Woody Allen (who also stars) and also starring Kathy Bates, Jodie Foster, John Cusack, Mia Farrow, Donald Pleasence, John C. Reilly, Madonna, John Malkovich, Fred Gwynne, Lily Tomlin. It was distributed by Orion Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Robert H. Burnside

**Robert Henry Burnside** (May 20, 1933 &ndash; August 2, 2021) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1971 to 1978. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Columbia, South Carolina.

Burnside died on August 2, 2021 in Columbia at the age of 88.

## References
Maine (river)

]]
The **Maine** is a river in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. It is 11.5&nbsp;km long and is a tributary of the Loire river.

It is formed by the confluence of the Mayenne and Sarthe rivers north of Angers. It flows through this city and joins the Loire southwest of Angers.
Brunoy

**Brunoy** is a French commune. It is in the southeastern suburbs of Paris,  from the center. 25,354 people lived here in 2018.

## References
Veins of the World

***Veins of the World*** () is a 2020 Mongolian German drama movie directed by Byambasuren Davaa and starring Bat-Ireedui Batmunkh, Enerel Tumen, Yalalt Namsrai, Algirchamin Baatarsuren, Ariunbyamba Sukhee.

## Other websites 
*
The Cave of the Yellow Dog

***The Cave of the Yellow Dog*** (; ) is a 2005 Mongolian German children's drama movie directed by Byambasuren Davaa and starring Urjindorjyn Batchuluun, Buyandulamyn Daramdadi, Batchuluuny Nansal.

## Other websites 
*
Henryk Hoser

**Henryk Franciszek Hoser** (27 November 1942 – 13 August 2021) was a Polish prelate of the Catholic Church. He was bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Warszawa-Praga in Poland from 2008 to 2017. He was born in Warsaw.

Hoser died on 13 August 2021 in Warsaw, aged 78.

## References
Levone

**Levone** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy. It is about  northwest of Turin.

Levone is next to these municipalities: Forno Canavese, Rivara, Rocca Canavese, and Barbania.

## References
Andrzej Borodzik

**Andrzej Borodzik** (9 April 1930 &ndash; 13 August 2021) was a Polish politician and chemist. He was born in Sulejówek, Poland. From 2005 until 2007, he was President of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association. He was also a member of Sejm from 1965 until 1972.

Borodzik died on 13 August 2021 at the age of 91.

## References
San Giuliano Milanese

**San Giuliano Milanese** is an Italian city in Lombardy. It is about  southeast of Milan and has about 36,000 inhabitants.

## Twin towns 
San Giuliano Milanese is twinned with:
*  Bussy-Saint-Georges, France
*  Curtea de Argeş, Romania
Vimartin-sur-Orthe

**Vimartin-sur-Orthe** is a commune of 1,121 people (2018). It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2021 and consists of the former communes of Saint-Pierre-sur-Orthe (the seat), Saint-Martin-de-Connée and Vimarcé.

## References
Saint-Aubin-des-Préaux

**Saint-Aubin-des-Préaux** is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Manche department in northwest France.

## References
Rastatt

**Rastatt** is a town in the district of Rastatt in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is about  southwest of Karlsruhe.

## Twin towns – sister cities 
Rastatt is twinned with:
*  Fano, Italy
*  Guarapuava, Brazil
*  New Britain, United States
*  Orange, France
*  Ostrov, Czech Republic
*  Woking, England, United Kingdom

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Dilys Watling

**Dilys Watling** (born **Dilys Rhys Jones**, 5 May 1943 – 10 August 2021) was an English actress. She was best known for her roles in many BBC television shows. She was in *Coronation Street*, *The Benny Hill Show* and *The Two Ronnies*. Watling was born in Fulmer Chase, Buckinghamshire. Her career lasted from 1962 until 1994.

Watling died on 10 August 2021, aged 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Pil Trafa

**Enrique Chalar** (February 1, 1959 – August 13, 2021), better known as **Pil Trafa**, was an Argentine punk rock singer and composer. He was an important singer in Spanish punk rock music in Latin America. He played with his band Los Violadores. Trafa was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His career began popular in the 1980s.

Trafa died on August 13, 2021 at his home in Lima, Peru from cardiopulmonary arrest, aged 62.

## References
Chatichai Choonhavan

**Chatichai Choonhavan** (, , ; 5 April 1920 – 6 May 1998) was a Thai army officer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Thailand from August 1988 until he was removed from power of February 1991.

## References
Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede

The **Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede** was a steam-powered moving machine. It looked like a motorcycle. It was a steam engine on a bicycle. Louis-Guillaume Perreaux made the steam engine, and Pierre Michaux made the bicycle. It was made in France between 1867 and 1871. It is one of three moving machines that people say could be the first motorcycle. The two others are the Roper steam velocipede of 1867 or 1868 and the internal combustion engine Daimler Reitwagen of 1885. Perreaux made the steam velocipede better over time. He had built a tricycle version by 1884. The only Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede made, on loan from the Musée de l'Île-de-France, Sceaux, was the first machine people saw when they went into the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum rotunda in the Art of the Motorcycle exhibition in New York in 1998.

## First motorcycle? 
Not everyone agrees on which machine was the first motorcycle.  Wtiter L. J. K. Setright said the simplest way to say what a motorcycle was was a bicycle with a heat engine. "If we accept this we must go on to admit that its prototype is unidentifiable, shrouded in the mists of industrial antiquity," meaning that this definition meant no one could say for sure which motorcycle was first. or that the first motorcycle must use the same technology as motorcycles that were good enough for people to make many of them. They say that "dead end" motorcycles do not count. These people say that Wilhelm Maybach and Gottlieb Daimler's 1885 Daimler Reitwagen was the first motorcycle. It was mass-produced, and sold commecially.

### Definition of first motorcycle 
The *Oxford English Dictionary* and other dictionaries say that motorcycles must have an internal combustion engine. By this definition, the Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede is not a motorcycle. For most of the 20th century, people thought this definition of "motorcycle" was good.  But then electric motorcycles became more important.

## Development 
L. J. K. Setright and David Burgess-Wise say that it was Pierre Michaux's son Ernest who first attached the engine to the velocipede. The velocipede also used a single cylinder alcohol fueled Perreaux engine, which used twin flexible leather belt drives to the rear wheel. They put a steam pressure gauge where the rider could see it, above the front wheel. They added a hand control so the rider could control the steam. In a June 14, 1871 version, Perreaux removed some cranks and pedals from the front wheel. There was an arched downtube instead of straight one to give the engine more space.

Only one of the original 1867&#x2013;1871 machine was ever made, but by 1884, Perreaux showed a tricycle version of his steam velocipede at the Industrial Exhibition on the Champs-Élysées, Paris. It had two rear wheels, and the belt drove the front wheel. The alcohol-fueled engine had a bore and stroke like the original's, and developed a steam pressure of 3½ atm (250 kPa) in its  boiler. It could move as fast as . The water tanks had enough fuel for two to three hours of steam, so it could go .

## Notes 
## References 
* 
*
Pater familias

The **pater  familias** (sometimes written together **paterfamilias**) was the head of the Ancient Roman household. Very often it was the oldest man in the familiy. His family consisted of his wife, his children, his slaves, and other relatives. His duty was to represent the family to the outside, towards the state, but also towards the gods. If his sons married, their wives and children were also subject to the pater familias. He had supreme power, called patria potestas. This also meant that he was a judge in family matters. As such, he has the right to decide over life and death of the family members (called i*us vitae necisque* *-* the right [to decide] over life and death*)*

When the Pater famliias died, his children would become free from his power. His sons would usually rise to the position of pater familas of their famillies.

Only Roman citizens could become pater familias
2021–22 Premier League

The **2021–22 Premier League** was the 30th season of the **Premier League**, the top division of football in England. Manchester City were the defending champions, having won their fifth Premier League title in the previous season. The season started on 13 August 2021. Stadium sound only.

## Teams
There were 20 teams in this season and 17 returned from the previous season. The teams that came up from the Championship were Norwich City, Watford (who both return to the Premier League after being away for a year) and Brentford (who return to the top division for the first time in seventy-four years).

### Stadiums and locations
:* Note Table lists in alphabetical order.*

### Personnel and kits
### Managerial changes 
## League table

## Results 
## Season statistics
### Top scorers
#### Hat-tricks
;Notes
(H) – Home team(A) – Away team

### Top assists
### Clean sheets
### Discipline
#### Player
* Most yellow cards: **6**
** Emmanuel Dennis (Watford)
** Rúben Neves (Wolverhampton Wanderers)
** Mohammed Salisu (Southampton)

* Most red cards: **1**
***23 players*

#### Club
* Most yellow cards: **50**
**Leeds United

* Most red cards: **2**
** 6 clubs

## Awards
### Monthly awards
## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
The Truth About Women

***The Truth About Women*** is a 1957 British comedy movie directed by Muriel Box and starring Laurence Harvey, Julie Harris, Diane Cilento, Mai Zetterling, Eva Gabor, Derek Farr, Michael Denison, Roland Culver, Robert Rietti.

## Other websites
*
Hemp milk

**Hemp milk** is a type of plant milk. It is made by soaking hemp seeds in water and then blending it with the water and optional flavours. It is thought to be more similar to cow milk than other plant milks. It only lasts a few days compared to other milks.

## References
Amateur astronomy

meteor shower.]]

**Amateur astronomy** is a hobby where people look at or photograph objects in the sky using their eyes, binoculars, or telescopes.

They can look at the sky at nighttime and at daytime. Amateurs can join as members of amateur astronomical societies. These societies advise, educate and guide their members. They  promote the science of astronomy among the general public.

## References
Mojgan Azimi

**Mojgan Azimi** (, born ) is an Afghan singer and painter.

## Biography 
**Mojgan Azimi** born on August 21, 1985 in Herat, Afghanistan. The Mojgan family immigrated to Iran after the Afghan civil war and settled in Mashhad. She completed her primary and secondary education in Iran and then emigrated to Germany with her family. Mojgan's family moves to Switzerland after a while, she is currently living in Switzerland.

## Activities 
Mojgan started her artistic activities at the age of 10 with oil painting. She later studied classical guitar and completed vocal lessons at the age of 18. 
She has recorded "Ayah" and "twenty-five years" in Iran in 2018. The music video for "Ayah" is known as the first professional work of her, which has rich messages for support of women's, human rights and condemnation of customs and gender discrimination beliefs about them in Afghanistan.

She published "Hakeman" in the beginning of autumn 2018. The song won the first prize for best singer, best music and best songwriting at the 2018 San Francisco Roman Award Festival.

## References
Arrecife

**Arrecife** (; ; ) is a city and municipality in the Canary Islands (Spain) in the center-east of the island of Lanzarote. It has been the capital of Lanzarote since 1852.

## References
Gianfranco D'Angelo

'''Gianfranco D'Angelo'* (19 August 1936 – 15 August 2021) was an Italian actor and comedian. His best known movie roles were in *La liceale* and in  *La compagna di banco*. As a comedian, he appeared in *Drive In''.

D'Angelo died on 15 August 2021 in Rome, four days before his 85th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
2021 Haiti earthquake

At 08:29:09 EDT on 14 August 2021, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake hit the Tiburon Peninsula in Haiti on the island of Hispaniola. 

It had a -deep hypocenter near Petit-Trou-de-Nippes. It happened about  west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. It caused tsunami warnings for the Haitian coast. Over 300 people died and at least 1,800 people were injured. It is the deadliest earthquake of 2021.

Prime Minister Ariel Henry declared a state of emergency because of the large number of deaths and the severe damage.

## References
## Related pages
*2010 Haiti earthquake
Francis Mossman

**Francis Anthony Mossman** (14 April 1988 – 14 August 2021) was a New Zealand-born Australian actor and model. He was best known for his roles as Stevie Hughes in *The Horizon* and Vitus in *Spartacus: Vengeance*. He was born in Auckland, New Zealand. His career began in 2007.

Mossman died on 14 August 2021 in Sydney, Australia at the age of 33.

## References
## Other websites
*
Liam McIntyre

**Liam James McIntyre** (born 8 February 1982) is an Australian actor. He is best known for playing the lead role on the Starz television series *Spartacus: Vengeance*. He also voices Captain Boomerang in the DC Animated Movie Universe.

## References
Piera Degli Esposti

**Piera Degli Esposti** (12 March 1938 – 14 August 2021) was an Italian actress. She appeared in more than 70 movies and shows from 1966 to 2020. In 2009, she won the David di Donatello for her role of Mrs. Enea in *Il Divo*. Degli Esposti was born in Bologna, Italy.

Degli Esposti died on 14 August 2021 at a hospital in Rome, Italy from respiratory failure, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fez Whatley

**Todd Hillier** (March 31, 1964 – August 13, 2021), better known by his on-air name **Fez Marie Whatley**, was an American comedian and radio producer and personality. He was known as the co-host of *The Ron and Fez Show* with Ron Bennington from 1998 to 2015. Whatley was born in Florida. Whatley, who was openly gay, was known for playing gay characters on the radio show.

Whatley, who had a history of heart attacks, died on August 13, 2021 of heart failure, aged 57.

## References
Johnny Groth

**John Thomas Groth** (July 23, 1926August 7, 2021) was an American professional baseball outfielder and scout. He played for the Detroit Tigers, St. Louis Browns, Chicago White Sox, Washington Senators, and Kansas City Athletics. His career lasted from 1946 to 1960. Groth was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Groth died on August 7, 2021 at his home in Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 95.

## References
Spring Hill, Florida

**Spring Hill** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hernando County, Florida, United States. The population was 113,568 at the 2020 census.

## References
Jørgen Langhelle

**Jørgen Langhelle** (18 August 1965 – 3 August 2021) was a Norwegian actor. He was born in Sandnes, Norway. He was known for his roles in *Kristin Lavransdatter* (1995), *Elling* (2001), *I Am Dina* (2002), *Tyven, tyven* (2002) and *The Thing* (2011).

Langhelle died on 3 August 2021 of cardiac arrest in Nesodden, Norway at the age of 55.

## References
## Other websites
*
Nesodden

**Nesodden** is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.

The mayor, Cathrine Kjenner Forsland, is elected until late 2027.
## Related pages
*List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027 

## References
Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi III

Sheikh **Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi III** (; born 1931) is the ruler of the emirate of Ajman and a member of the UAE Supreme Council of the Union. He is the 10th ruler of Ajman. He became rule when his father Sheikh Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi III died on September 6, 1981.

## References
Rubén Darío Paredes

**Rubén Darío Paredes del Río** (born 11 August 1933) is a Panamanian army officer and was the military ruler of Panama from 1982 to 1983.

## References
Anatoly Malofeyev

**Anatoly Alexandrovich Malofeyev** (, ; 14 May 1933 &ndash; 19 January 2022) was the first secretary of the communist party of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. 

In March 1985, Malofeyev became the Minsk regional Communist Party leader. He was First Secretary of the Byelorussian Communist Party from November 1990 to April 1993.

Malofeyev died on 19 January 2022, aged 88.

## References
House of Representatives (Belarus)

The **House of Representatives of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus** (; )  is the lower house of the parliament of Belarus. It was created after the Constitution of Belarus was made in 1996, replacing the Supreme Council of Belarus.

## References
2 Sins

**2 Sins** is an American hip hop duo from Detroit, Michigan. They are known for their violent lyrics and most significant for their best-selling 1994 release, *Look What Hell Created*.

## Biography 
Members Low Life and Lethal were born and raised in Detroit, Michigan. They began making music together in early 1993. Their first album, entitled *Look What Hell Created*, was released in the summer of 1994. They would go on to record and produce over sixteen albums and EPs.

## Discography 
### Albums and EPs 
### Singles 
### As featured performer 
## References
Sandie Shaw

in 2016]]

**Sandie Shaw** (born **Sandra Ann Goodrich** on 26 February 1947 in Dagenham, London, England) is an English pop singer-songwriter. Shaw had three #1 singles on the United Kingdom Singles Chart during the 1960s. She won the Eurovision Song Contest representing the UK in 1967.

Her hit songs included "(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me" (her cover of the Lou Johnson song in 1964), "Long Live Love" (a 1965 song) and 1967's "Puppet on a String". 

In 1965, she covered Petula Clark's award winning chart topping soul hit "Downtown". The song was on Shaw's first studio album *Sandie*.

Shaw retired from her singing career after 1972. She  In 1983, she resumed her singing. In the 1980s Shaw covered two songs from the English rock band The Smiths. They were "I Don't Owe You Anything" and "Hand in Glove".

Shaw preferred to almost always perform on the concert stages while barefoot. That was the reason for which she was named the "Barefoot Pop Princess".

Shaw retired from the singing business in 2013.

## References
Hutchins' tree frog

'''Hutchins' tree frog'* (*Boana hutchinsi'') is a frog that lives in Colombia, Peru, and Brazil.

## References
Peter Whittle (mathematician)

**Peter Whittle** (27 February 1927 &ndash; 10 August 2021) was a New Zealand mathematician and statistician. He was known for working on stochastic nets, optimal control, time series analysis, stochastic optimisation and stochastic dynamics. 

From 1967 to 1994, he was the Churchill Professor of Mathematics for operational research at the University of Cambridge. He was born in Wellington, New Zealand.

Whittle died on 10 August 2021, aged 94.

## References
Deno (software)

**Deno** is a JavaScript and TypeScript runtime. It uses the V8 JavaScript engine and Rust.

Deno was announced in 2018 by Ryan Dahl, the creator of Node.js in his talk, "10 Things I Regret About Node.js".

Deno 1.0 was released on May 13, 2020.

## References
TypeScript

**TypeScript** is a programming language from Microsoft. It is a type of JavaScript that adds static typing. It became public in October 2012 when Microsoft worked on it for two years.

TypeScript can be compiled to most versions of ECMAScript (JavaScript).

## References
Biscuit (bread)

In North America, **biscuits** are small breads. Like other quick breads, they are made with chemical leveaners like baking powder. It is similar to a scone, but it is not eaten with some sweet sides like honey or jam.  

Biscuits also contain a lot of vitamins such as, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, and much more that helps to meet daily vitamins that we need. 

## References
Ja-Ela

**Ja-Ela** (, ) is a city in Sri Lanka . It is a suburb of Colombo.  The city is  about  north of the Colombo city centre. Ja-Ela is on the A3 road which overlaps with the Colombo – Katunayake Expressway at the Ja-Ela Interchange.
Bear Valley Springs, California

**Bear Valley Springs** is a census-designated place in Kern County, California. It had a population of 5,592 in 2020.

## References
Bus toilet

in Japan.]]
A **bus toilet** is a toilet onboard a bus that is usually a type of a vaccum toilet. It is most commonly found on intercity buses/coaches suitable for mid- or long-distance travel.

Many think that the toilet onboard a bus is only for peeing, but it can also be used for defecating. Due to the toilet's small opening, feces might not go down through the small hole on the toilet.
## How a Bus Toilet Works 
A bus toilet works differently than a home toilet does. A bus toilet does not use water, and it is not hooked up to a sewer. On a bus, urine and feces are held in a holding tank. Bus toilets use a blue formaldehyde product to mask the odor of urine and feces.

There are two main types of bus toilets. One type has flap in the toilet that closes to hide the view of the holding tank. The other type does not have the flap, which leaves the holding tank in view.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Bus Toilets — Toilets of the World
Sunil Chhetri

**Sunil Chhetri** is an Indian professional footballer.  He is known for his link-up play, goal scoring abilities, and leadership. He is the third-highest international goalscorer among active players, He currently plays for Bengaluru FC.

He plays as a forward and is known for his teamwork, skill in scoring goals, and strong leadership on the field. Chhetri is the third-highest goalscorer in international football among active players, behind only Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi. He is the captain of the Indian national football team and also plays for Bengaluru FC in the Indian Super League (ISL).

Chhetri has helped India win several football tournaments like the SAFF Championship and Intercontinental Cup. He has received many awards, including the Arjuna Award and the Padma Shri, which are among India’s highest honors for sportspeople.

He is respected for his discipline, fitness and dedication to Indian football, and is considered one of the greatest Indian footballers of all time.   

## References
Gary Medel

**Gary Alexis Medel Soto** (; born 3 August 1987) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Vasco da Gama and the Chile national team as a centre-back and a defensive midfielder.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
''Scores and results list Chile's goal tally first.'' 2016

### Individual
* Chilean Footballer of the Year: 2008
* Universidad Católica Footballer of the year: 2008
* Team of Copa Libertadores : 2008
* Team of year in South America: 2009
* Copa América Team of the Tournament: 2015, 2016

## References
Piney Point Village, Texas

**Piney Point Village** is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States.

## Geography 
Piney Point Village has a total area of 2.13 square miles.
Fall of Kabul (2021)

On 15 August 2021, the Taliban took over the city of Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. This means that they won the war against the Afghan government. This happened because of a military offensive that began in May 2021, which was the latest stage of their insurgency against the Afghan government.

The capture took place hours after President Ashraf Ghani escaped from the country. U.S. President Donald Trump's decision to remove troops from Afghanistan, followed by his replacement Joe Biden continuing to do so, made it easier for the Taliban to take power. 
]]

In the days before and after Kabul's fall, thousands of civilians left the country and thousands of others have failed in their attempts to do so. Many Afghan women are scared because they don't know how the Taliban will treat women in Afghanistan.

On 30 August 2021, evacuations from Afghanistan ended, allowing Taliban to take full control of the country and ending the War in Afghanistan.

## References
Saint Kitts

**Saint Kitts** is one of the two islands that make up Saint Kitts and Nevis.  It is also known as *Saint Christopher Island*. Saint Kitts has an area of about 168 km2, with a diameter of 8&nbsp;km across.
Simon Kjær

**Simon Thorup Kjær** (born 26 March 1989) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back. He is currently a free agent.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Denmark's goal tally first.''

## Honours
**AC Milan**
*Serie A: 2021–22

**Individual**
*Danish U19 Player of the Year: 2007
*Danish Talent of the Year: 2009
*Danish Player Of The Year: 2009, 2021
*The Guardian Footballer of the Year: 2021
*Ballon d'Or nominee: 2021

## References
Adam Johnson

**Adam Johnson** (born 14 July 1987) is an English professional footballer who played as a winger.

In March 2015, Johnson was arrested and charged over sexual activity with a 15-year-old girl, with England's age of consent being 16. Johnson continued to play for Sunderland during his bail. The following February, he pleaded guilty to two charges against him, the other being one of child grooming, and was subsequently sacked by Sunderland. In March 2016, Johnson was found guilty of sexual activity with a child and sentenced to six years in prison.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
*FA Cup: 2010–11
*FA Community Shield: 2012

**Individual**
*Premier League Player of the Month: January 2014

## References
Qualcomm

**Qualcomm** is a wireless communications and SoC  research and development company located in San Diego, California, USA. The company produces  semiconductors, software, etc. It is best known for working in 5G, 4G, CDMA2000, and WCDMA standards.

## History 
The company was founded in 1985 by Irwin Jacobs, Franklin Antonio and four other co-founders.

In 1999, the base station production was sold to Ericsson.

In 2000, the company acquired SnapTrack, a developer of A-GPS systems for mobile phones under the gpsOne brand.

In 2000, the production of cell phones was sold to the Japanese company Kyocera. The company focused on the development and licensing of wireless technologies, as well as the production of ASICs that implement these technologies.

## References
Upper class district

, Los Angeles is one of the most affluent areas in the United States]], Hong Kong]]
A **upper class district** is the area of a city or town where the most affluent people live. Real estate in this type of urban area are typically high-cost or highly valued. 

In countries with unequal income distribution or developing ones, these can often contrast with the poorest parts of the region where they are located.

## Related pages
* Gated community
* Gentrification
* Economic inequality
Choirul Huda

**Choirul Huda** (2 June 1979 – 15 October 2017) was an Indonesian professional footballer and civil servant. He was a goalkeeper.

Huda died when he bumped into one of his teammates, Ramon Mesquita, which caused him to hurt his chest and jaw, and led to him suffering from a lack of oxygen.

## References
Kamil Grabara

**Kamil Grabara** (born 8 January 1999) is a Polish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. He plays for Danish club FC Copenhagen.

## References
Robin Koch

**Robin Leon Koch** (; born 17 July 1996) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre back or defensive midfielder for Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt and the Germany national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
**Germany U21**
*UEFA European Under-21 Championship: runner-up 2019

## References
Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the Netherlands

]]
The **British Ambassador to the Netherlands** is the United Kingdom's top foreign affairs representative to the Netherlands. They are in-charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in the Netherlands. 

Since the start of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in 1997, the British ambassador is also in-charge of the OPC3 which is located in The Hague, the British Ambassador to the Netherlands has also been the UK's Permanent Representative to the OPCW, assisted by a Chemical Weapons team at the Embassy.

The UK also has a consulate general in Amsterdam.

## References
2019 English Channel Piper PA-46 crash

On 21 January 2019, a **Piper PA-46 Malibu** light aircraft transporting Argentine football player Emiliano Sala crashed in the English Channel off Alderney in the Channel Islands. It had been travelling from Nantes, France, to Cardiff, Wales. Sala was due to begin his career at Cardiff City.

Radar contact was lost when the aircraft was 13 nautical miles (24 km; 15 mi) north of Guernsey. After the search for survivors was abandoned on January 24, a private search for the plane's wreckage was launched. Sala's body was recovered, but no trace of pilot David Ibbotson was found. 

The AAIB investigation found that Sala's body showed high levels of carbon monoxide poisoning that had leaked into the plane's cabin and may have affected the pilot's consciousness. Ibbotson's qualification to fly the plane expired in November 2018, invalidating his license and he was not qualified to fly at night. David Henderson, who organized the flight and was originally scheduled to be the pilot, was charged with endangering the safety of an aircraft. He was found guilty on 28 October 2021, following a trial at Cardiff Crown Court, and jailed for 18 months. 

It was concluded in the final report that Sala and the pilot suffered from carbon monoxide poisoning, which caused pilot error and the partial disintegration of the aircraft in the air and finally the impact with the water.

## References
Fatal insomnia

**Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)** is a prion disease. It always causes death. Victims will suffer from symptoms that include: severe insomnia (lack of sleep that gets worse), memory loss, hallucinations (seeing/hearing stuff that is not really there), and involuntary muscle twitching or jerking (myoclonus).

## Causes of FFI 
FFI is caused by a change (mutation) in the PRNP gene. This gene makes the prion protein PrPc.       

The gene is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern (meaning that only one of the mutated gene from a parent is needed to cause the disease). 

## Diagnosing FFI 
FFI can be diagnosed by the following tests:

* Polysomnography (sleep test)
* Genetic Testing: testing that looks for a specific mutation in the PRNP gene
* Brain imaging, such as
** PET scan: shows how well the thalamus in the brain is working
** MRI: shows a detailed image of the brain
** EEG: records brainwave activity to look for abnormalities
* Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis: looks at the fluid around the brain and spinal cord 

## References
Asphalt (1929 movie)

***Asphalt*** is a 1929 German silent drama movie directed by Joe May and starring Albert Steinrück, Else Heller, Gustav Fröhlich, Betty Amann, Rosa Valetti, Kurt Vespermann.

## Other websites
*
This Is My Country (movie)

***This Is My Country*** () is a 1984 Filipino French drama movie directed by Lino Brocka and starring Phillip Salvador, Gina Alajar, Carmi Martin, Claudia Zobel, Raoul Aragon, Paquito Diaz, Rez Cortez, and Lucita Soriano.

## Other websites
*
Fucking

**Fucking** may be:
* *Fucking*, an English profanity derived from *fuck*
* *Fucking*, colloquial term for sexual intercourse
* Fugging, Lower Austria, a village formerly known as Fucking until 1836
* Fugging, Upper Austria, a village formerly known as Fucking until 2021
Sambuca di Sicilia

**Sambuca di Sicilia** (Sicilian: ***Sammuca***) is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Pro loco Sambuca  "L'Araba Fenicia" - Tourism promotion
* Sambuca di Sicilia on MySpace
* The Project City .com 
* Sambuca di Sicilia, Agrigento, Sicily, Italy - e-borghi
Hibatullah Akhundzada

**Hibatullah Akhundzada** (; born 1967) is an Afghan politician, soldier, scholar, cleric, and jurist who is the 2nd and the current Supreme Leader of Afghanistan since 2021 and as well as the 3rd Leader of the Taliban since 2016 following a drone that strike killed his predecessor, Akhtar Mansour. Since the Fall of Kabul in August 2021, Akhundzada became Afghanistan's Supreme Leader with absolute powers over the country.
 
In 2020, he sent Abdul Ghani Baradar to Doha to hold peace talks with the U.S. by meeting the then-U.S. Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo where they signed the US–Taliban Deal which made the U.S agree to Withdraw its Troops from Afghanistan.

Akhundzada also held a phone conversation with then-U.S. President, Donald Trump the same year where they agreed to have diplomatic relationships with the two countries if Trump won the election even though it never happened as Trump lost the election. However, while announcing the talk, Trump did not mention Akhundzada's name. In July 2021, while recalling his phone conversation with Akhundzada, Trump got his name wrong referring to Akhundzada as "Mohammed" rather than "Hibatullah".

Akhundzada led the Taliban to victory against the Afghan government in a 2021 military offensive—while the U.S. withdrawal was still underway—then became Afghanistan’s absolute ruler and imposed a totalitarian Islamist government. His government has been criticized for sweeping infringements on human rights, including the rights of women and girls to work and education. On his orders, the Taliban administration has prevented most teenage girls from returning to secondary school education. In July 2022, while attending a religious gathering in Kabul, Akhundzada lashed out at the demands of the international community on his government, ruling out any talks or compromise on his "Islamic system" of governance.

## Notes
## References
## Bibliography
*
Casemiro

**Carlos Henrique Casimiro** (born 23 February 1992), commonly known as **Casemiro**, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for English club Manchester United. He also plays for the Brazil national football team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Casemiro goal''
*Copa Sudamericana: 2012 2019–20, 2021–22
*Copa del Rey: 2013–14
*Supercopa de España: 2017, 2019–20, 2021–22
*UEFA Champions League: 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22
*UEFA Super Cup: 2016, 2017, 2022
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2016, 2017, 2018

**Manchester United**
*EFL Cup: 2022–23
*FA Cup runner-up: 2022–23

**Brazil U17**
*South American U-17 Championship: 2009

**Individual**
*UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2016–17, 2017–18
*UEFA La Liga Team of the Season: 2019–20
*Copa América Team of the Tournament: 2021
*Trofeo EFE: 2019–20
*Alan Hardaker Trophy: 2023
*FIFA FIFPRO Men's World 11: 2022

## References
## Other websites
*profile at the Manchester United website
*Profile at the Real Madrid CF website
*
*