March 19

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1279 &ndash; A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the rule of the Song Dynasty in China.
* 1452 &ndash; Frederick, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in Rome.
* 1563 &ndash; The Edict of Amboise is signed, granting some freedoms to Huguenots in France.
* 1616 &ndash; Walter Raleigh is released from the Tower of London after 13 years.
* 1649 &ndash; The English House of Commons passes an act banning the House of Lords.
* 1808 &ndash; Charles IV of Spain abdicates the throne, but soon becomes King again because of the Napoleonic Wars.
* 1812 &ndash; The Cadiz Cortes declare the Spanish Constitution of 1812.
* 1848 &ndash; March Revolution in Berlin.
* 1853 &ndash; The Taiping reform movement occupies and makes Nanjing in China its capital city until 1864.
* 1861 &ndash; The First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand.
* 1863 &ndash; American Civil War: The Confederate cruiser SS *Georgiana* is destroyed on its first voyage. It is re–discovered 102 years later.
* 1865 &ndash; American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins in North Carolina.
* 1882 &ndash; The first stone of the Sagrada Familia Cathedral in Barcelona is laid. It was designed by Antoni Gaudi, and is, as of 2014, not finished yet.
* 1885 &ndash; Louis Riel declares a provisional government in Saskatchewan, Canada, starting the Northwest Rebellion.
* 1895 &ndash; The Lumière brothers record their first cinematograph footage.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1915 &ndash; Pluto is photographed for the first time, but is not considered as a planet.
* 1918 &ndash; US Congress establishes Time Zones and Daylight Saving Time.
* 1920 &ndash; The United States Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles for a second time.
* 1921 &ndash; Irish War of Independence: In Crossbarry, County Cork, Ireland, over 100 IRA volunteers escape an attempt by over 1,300 British forces to encircle them.
* 1931 &ndash; Gambling is legalised in Nevada.
* 1932 &ndash; Sydney Harbour Bridge is opened.
* 1941 &ndash; World War II: 99th Pursuit Squadron, Tuskegee Airmen, the first black unit of the United States Army Corps, is activated.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: Nazi forces occupy Hungary.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: Off the coast of Japan, a dive bomber hits aircraft carrier USS *Franklin*, killing 724 crew members.
* 1946 &ndash; French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion becomes overseas *Departements* of France.
* 1954 &ndash; Joey Giardello knocks out Willie Tory in round seven at Madison Square Garden in New York City in the first televised prize boxing fight shown in color.
* 1954 &ndash; Willie Mosconi sets world record by running 526 balls in a row without a miss. during a straight pool competition at the East High Billiard Club in Springfield, Ohio.
* 1958 &ndash; The Monarch Underwear Company fire in Manhattan kills 24 people.
* 1962 &ndash; Algerian War of Independence: A ceasefire enters effect.
* 1970 &ndash; Chancellor of Germany Willy Brandt meets East Germany's Prime Minister Willi Stoph in Erfurt in an attempt at closer relations.
* 1979 &ndash; The United States House of Representatives begins broadcasting its day–to–day business via the cable television network C–SPAN.
* 1982 &ndash; Argentine forces land on the island of South Georgia, two weeks before the invasion of the Falkland Islands.
* 1988 &ndash; The rock band Nirvana holds its first concert. 
* 1996 &ndash; Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela divorce.

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Zimbabwe is suspended from the Commonwealth of Nations over human rights abuses and electoral fraud.
* 2003 &ndash; George W. Bush orders the Invasion of Iraq.
* 2004 &ndash; President of Taiwan Chen Shui-bian is shot and injured a day before the Presidential election.
* 2004 &ndash; A bus crash kills 21 people near Konginkangas, Finland. It is the deadliest road accident in Finnish history.
* 2006 &ndash; The Winter Paralympics in Turin end.
* 2006 &ndash; In a controversial election, Belarus' President Alexander Lukashenko wins 80% of the vote, leading to demonstrations in Minsk.
* 2008 &ndash; GRB 080319B: A cosmic burst  that is the farthest object visible to the eye (without using a telescope) is briefly observed.
* 2011 &ndash; By 3,000 miles, the Moon makes its closest approach to Earth in 18 years.
* 2011 &ndash; 2011 Libyan protests: UN–authorised military intervention begins against Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi in Libya.
* 2012 &ndash; Four people are killed in a shooting at a Jewish school in Toulouse, France. It is believed to be linked with three murders over the previous week. The attacker, Mohammed Merah, is killed after a stand–off with police three days later.
* 2013 &ndash; Over 50 people are killed in bomb attacks in Baghdad, to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the start of the Iraq War.
* 2013 &ndash; Inauguration of Pope Francis.
* 2016 &ndash; Flydubai Flight 981 crashes shortly before landing at Rostov on Don, Southern Russia, killing all 62 people on board.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 968 &ndash; Ethelred the Unready, Saxon king of England (d. 1016)
* 1434 &ndash; Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun (d. 1443)
* 1488 &ndash; Johannes Magnus, Swedish bishop (d. 1544)
* 1534 &ndash; Jose de Anchieta, Spanish missionary (d. 1597)
* 1601 &ndash; Alonzo Cano, Spanish painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1667)
* 1603 &ndash; King John IV of Portugal (d. 1656)
* 1629 &ndash; Tsar Alexis of Russia (d. 1676)
* 1661 &ndash; Francesco Gasparini, Italian composer and teacher (d. 1727)
* 1721 &ndash; Tobias Smollett, Scottish poet and writer (d. 1771)
* 1734 &ndash; Thomas McKean, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)
* 1742 &ndash; Tupac Amaru II, Inca revolutionary (d. 1781)
* 1749 &ndash; Princess Louisa of Great Britain (d. 1768)
* 1778 &ndash; Edward Pakenham, British general (d. 1815)
* 1813 &ndash; David Livingstone, Scottish missionary, doctor and explorer (d. 1873)
* 1821 &ndash; Richard Francis Burton, English explorer, diplomat and writer (d. 1890)
* 1823 &ndash; Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (d. 1914)
* 1824 &ndash; William Allingham, Irish writer (d. 1889)
* 1829 &ndash; Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (d. 1901)
* 1844 &ndash; Minna Canth, Finnish writer and women's rights activist (d. 1897)
* 1848 &ndash; Wyatt Earp, American Western figure (d. 1929)
* 1849 &ndash; Alfred von Tirpitz, German admiral (d. 1930)
* 1860 &ndash; William Jennings Bryan, United States Secretary of State (d. 1925)
* 1861 &ndash; Lomer Gouin, 13th Premier of Quebec (d. 1929)
* 1864 &ndash; Charles M. Russell, American painter, sculptor, illustrator and writer (d. 1926)
* 1866 &ndash; Emilio De Bono, Italian general and politician (d. 1944)
* 1871 &ndash; Baroness Mary Vetsera, member of the Austrian nobility (d. 1889)
* 1872 &ndash; Anna Held, Polish–born stage performer (d. 1918)
* 1873 &ndash; Mex Reger, German pianist, composer and conductor (d. 1916)
* 1876 &ndash; Felix Jacoby, German classical philologist (d. 1959)
* 1883 &ndash; Walter Haworth, British chemist (d. 1950)
* 1883 &ndash; Joseph Stilwell, American general (d. 1946)
* 1888 &ndash; Josef Albers, German artist (d. 1976)
* 1889 &ndash; King Manuel II of Portugal (d. 1932)
* 1891 &ndash; Earl Warren, American politician and jurist (d. 1974)
* 1892 &ndash; James Van Fleet, American general (d. 1992)
* 1893 &ndash; Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, President of Ecuador (d. 1979)
* 1894 &ndash; Moms Mabley, American comedienne, actress and singer (d. 1975)
* 1895 &ndash; Ion Barbu, Romanian writer and mathematician (d. 1961)
* 1897 &ndash; Betty Compson, American actress (d. 1974)
* 1898 &ndash; Karl Theodor Bleek, German politician, Mayor of Marburg (d. 1969)
* 1900 &ndash; Frédéric Joliot, French physicist (d. 1958)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Louisa Ghijs, Belgian stage actress (d. 1985)
* 1905 &ndash; Albert Speer, Nazi official (d. 1981)
* 1906 &ndash; Adolf Eichmann, Nazi official (d. 1962)
* 1909 &ndash; Attilio Demaria, Argentine footballer (d. 1990)
* 1909 &ndash; Louis Hayward, British actor (d. 1985)
* 1912 &ndash; William Frankland, British immunologist
* 1912 &ndash; Hugh Watt, Interim Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1980) 
* 1913 &ndash; Alexander Pokryshkin, Russian pilot (d. 1985)
* 1914 &ndash; Jay Berwanger, American football player (d. 2002)
* 1915 &ndash; Patricia Morison, American soprano and actress
* 1916 &ndash; Eric Christmas, English–Canadian actor (d. 2000)
* 1916 &ndash; Irving Wallace, American writer and screenwriter (d. 1990)
* 1917 &ndash; Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist and composer (d. 1950)
* 1917 &ndash; Laszlo Szabo, Hungarian chess player (d. 1998)
* 1919 &ndash; Lennie Tristano, American jazz pianist, composer and educator (d. 1978)
* 1920 &ndash; Kjell Aukrust, Norwegian writer (d. 2002)
* 1921 &ndash; Tommy Cooper, Welsh comedy magician (d. 1984)
* 1921 &ndash; Emile Bongiorni, French footballer (d. 1949)
* 1922 &ndash; Hiroo Onoda, Japanese soldier (d. 2014)
* 1922 &ndash; Guy Lewis, American basketball player (d. 2015)
* 1923 &ndash; Giuseppe Rotunno, Italian cinematographer
* 1924 &ndash; Joe Gaetjens, Haitian–American soccer player (d. 1964)
* 1924 &ndash; Mary Wimbush, British actress (d. 2005)
* 1925 &ndash; Brent Scowcroft, American general and diplomat
* 1927 &ndash; Allen Newell, American computer scientist (d. 1992)
* 1928 &ndash; Hans Küng, Swiss theologian, priest and writer
* 1928 &ndash; Patrick McGoohan, American actor (d. 2009)
* 1930 &ndash; Giuseppe Rotunno, Italian chef
* 1932 &ndash; Gail Kobe, American actress (d. 2013)
* 1932 &ndash; Peter Hall, English town planner and geographer (d. 2014)
* 1933 &ndash; Philip Roth, American writer
* 1935 &ndash; Nancy Malone, American actress (d. 2014)
* 1936 &ndash; Ursula Andress, Swiss actress
* 1937 &ndash; Egon Krenz, East German political leader
* 1942 &ndash; Richard Dobson, American singer and songwriter
* 1942 &ndash; Heather Robertson, Canadian journalist and writer (d. 2014)
* 1943 &ndash; Mario Monti, Italian economist and former Prime Minister of Italy
* 1943 &ndash; Mario J. Molina, Mexican chemist
* 1944 &ndash; Said Musa, former Prime Minister of Belize
* 1944 &ndash; Tom Constanten, American musician (Grateful Dead)
* 1944 &ndash; Sirhan Sirhan, Palestinian–born assassin
* 1946 &ndash; Ruth Pointer, American singer (Pointer Sisters)
* 1947 &ndash; Glenn Close, American actress
* 1947 &ndash; Marinho Peres, Brazilian footballer
* 1949 &ndash; Hirofumi Hirano, Japanese politician
* 1949 &ndash; Valery Leontiev, Russian singer

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1952 &ndash; Harvey Weinstein, American movie producer
* 1952 &ndash; Chris Brubeck, American jazz musician
* 1953 &ndash; Ricky Wilson, American musician
* 1953 &ndash; Ian Blair, English police officer, London Metropolitan Police
* 1954 &ndash; Cho Kwang-Rae, South Korean football manager
* 1954 &ndash; Jill Abramson, American journalist
* 1954 &ndash; Rashid Nugmanov, Kazakhstani director and activist
* 1955 &ndash; Bruce Willis, American actor
* 1955 &ndash; Pino Daniele, Italian musician (d. 2015)
* 1956 &ndash; Yegor Gaidar, Soviet politician (d. 2009)
* 1958 &ndash; Fred Stoller, American comedian, actor and voice artist
* 1959 &ndash; Terry Hall, British singer
* 1961 &ndash; Jos Lansink, Dutch–Belgian equestrian
* 1961 &ndash; Rune Bratseth, Norwegian footballer
* 1961 &ndash; Dana Reeve, American actress (d. 2006)
* 1966 &ndash; Michael Crockart, Scottish politician
* 1966 &ndash; Olaf Marschall, German footballer
* 1967 &ndash; Vladimir Konstantinov, Russian ice hockey player
* 1967 &ndash; Katia Tiutiunnik, Australian violist and composer
* 1968 &ndash; Tyrone Hill, American basketball player
* 1969 &ndash; Gary Jules, American singer
* 1973 &ndash; Ashley Giles, English cricketer
* 1973 &ndash; Sergey Makarov, Russian javelin thrower

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Alessandro Nesta, Italian footballer
* 1976 &ndash; Rachel Blanchard, Canadian actress
* 1977 &ndash; Jorma Taccone, American director, actor and screenwriter
* 1977 &ndash; Fayez Banihammad, 9–11 terrorist (d. 2001)
* 1979 &ndash; Franco Brienza, Italian footballer
* 1979 &ndash; Christos Patsatzoglou, Greek footballer
* 1979 &ndash; Hedo Turkoglu, Turkish basketball player
* 1979 &ndash; Ivan Ljubicic, Croatian tennis player
* 1979 &ndash; Abby Brammell, American actress
* 1981 &ndash; Kolo Touré, Ivorian footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Brad Jones, Australian footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Eduardo Saverin, Brazilian entrepreneur
* 1983 &ndash; Evan Bourne, American professional wrestler
* 1984 &ndash; Tanushree Dutta, Indian model and actress
* 1986 &ndash; Tyler Bozak, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1987 &ndash; AJ Lee, American professional wrestler
* 1987 &ndash; Milos Teodosic, Serbian basketball player
* 1988 &ndash; Clayton Kershaw, American baseball player
* 1991 &ndash; Aleksandr Kokorin, Russian footballer
* 1991 &ndash; Keacy Carty, West Indian cricketer
* 1997 &ndash; Ruta Meilutyte, Lithuanian swimmer
* 1999 &ndash; Tatum McCann, American actress
* 2007 &ndash; Prince Abdullah bin Ali of Jordan

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 1238 &ndash; Duke Henry I of Poland (b. 1163)
* 1279 &ndash; Emperor Bing of Song of China (b. 1271)
* 1286 &ndash; Alexander III of Scotland (b. 1241)
* 1330 &ndash; Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, English politician (b. 1301)
* 1406 &ndash; Ibn Khaldun, Arab historian (b. 1332)
* 1612 &ndash; Sophia Olelkovich Radziwill, Belarussian saint (b. 1585)
* 1623 &ndash; Uesugi Kagekatsu, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1556)
* 1637 &ndash; Peter Pazmany, Hungarian cardinal and statesman (b. 1570)
* 1649 &ndash; Gerardus Vossius, Dutch classical scholar and theologian (b. 1577)
* 1687 &ndash; Robert Cavalier de La Salle, French explorer (b. 1643)
* 1721 &ndash; Pope Clement XI (b. 1649)
* 1746 &ndash; Grand Duchess Anna Leopolodovna of Russia (b. 1718)
* 1783 &ndash; Charles Cornwallis, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1713)
* 1806 &ndash; James Jackson, English–born American politician, Governor of Georgia (b. 1757)
* 1816 &ndash; Philip Mazzai, Italian physician (b. 1730)
* 1866 &ndash; John Dunn, Australian bushranger hanged in Sydney (b. c. 1840)
* 1871 &ndash; Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger, Austrian mineralogist (b. 1795)
* 1882 &ndash; Karl Robert Jakobson, Estonian politician, journalist and teacher (b. 1841)
* 1884 &ndash; Elias Lönnrot, Finnish physician and writer (b. 1802)
* 1900 &ndash; John Bingham, American politician and lawyer (b. 1815)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1908 &ndash; Eduard Zeller, German theologian and philosopher (b. 1814)
* 1914 &ndash; Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (b. 1850)
* 1915 &ndash; Antonio Agliardi, Italian cardinal (b. 1832)
* 1916 &ndash; Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (b. 1848)
* 1930 &ndash; Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848)
* 1939 &ndash; Lloyd L. Gaines, American activist (b. 1911)
* 1942 &ndash; Clinton Hart Merriam, American zoologist, ornithologist and entomologist (b. 1855)
* 1943 &ndash; Frank Nitti, Italian–American gangster (b. 1883)
* 1944 &ndash; William Hale Thompson, mayor of Chicago (b. 1869)
* 1950 &ndash; Edgar Rice Burroughs, American writer (b. 1875)
* 1950 &ndash; Walter Haworth, British chemist (b. 1883)
* 1950 &ndash; Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1872)
* 1974 &ndash; Edward Platt, American actor (b. 1916)
* 1976 &ndash; Albert Dieudonné, French actor and novelist (b. 1889)
* 1978 &ndash; Gaston Julia, French mathematician (b. 1893)
* 1982 &ndash; Randy Rhoads, American musician (b. 1956)
* 1986 &ndash; Sabino Barinaga, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1922)
* 1987 &ndash; Louis de Broglie, French physicist (b. 1892)
* 1988 &ndash; Bun Cook, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1904)
* 1989 &ndash; Valérie Quennessen, French actress (b. 1957) 
* 1995 &ndash; Yasuo Yamada, Japanese voice actor (b. 1932)
* 1997 &ndash; Willem de Kooning, Dutch artist (b. 1904)
* 1998 &ndash; E. M. S. Namboodiripad, Indian politician, 1st Chief Minister of Kerala (b. 1909)
* 1999 &ndash; Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Samoa (b. 1924)

### From 2001 
* 2005 &ndash; John DeLorean, American engineer and businessman (b. 1925)
* 2007 &ndash; Luther Ingram, American soul singer and songwriter (b. 1937)
* 2008 &ndash; Arthur C. Clarke, British writer (b. 1917)
* 2008 &ndash; Hugo Claus, Belgian writer (b. 1929)
* 2008 &ndash; Paul Scofield, British actor (b. 1921)
* 2009 &ndash; Paul Angelis, English actor (b. 1943)
* 2011 &ndash; Knut, famous polar bear (b. 2006)
* 2011 &ndash; Gustav Lantschner, Austrian–German skier (b. 1910)
* 2013 &ndash; Holger Juul Hansen, Danish actor (b. 1924)
* 2013 &ndash; Irina Petrescu, Romanian actress (b. 1941)
* 2014 &ndash; Robert Schwarz Strauss, American politician and diplomat (b. 1918)
* 2014 &ndash; Heather Robertson, Canadian journalist and writer (b. 1942)
* 2014 &ndash; Lawrence Walsh, American lawyer and judge (b. 1912)
* 2014 &ndash; Patrick Joseph McGovern, American technology executive (b. 1937)
* 2014 &ndash; Ernest Mühlen, Luxembourg politician (b. 1926) 
* 2014 &ndash; Fred Phelps, American pastor (Westboro Baptist Church) (b. 1929)
* 2015 &ndash; Gerda van der Kade-Koudijs, Dutch athlete (b. 1923)
* 2015 &ndash; Gus Douglass, American politician (b. 1927)
* 2015 &ndash; Danny Schechter, American journalist and moviemaker (b. 1942)
* 2016 &ndash; Roger Agnelli, Brazilian businessman (b. 1959)
* 2016 &ndash; José Artetxe, Spanish footballer (b. 1930)
* 2016 &ndash; Jack Mansell, English footballer (b. 1927)
* 2017 &ndash; Jimmy Breslin, American journalist and writer (b. 1928)
* 2017 &ndash; Li Li-Hua, Chinese actress (b. 1924)
* 2017 &ndash; Len Mitzel, Canadian politician (b. 1946)
* 2017 &ndash; Chinu Modi, Indian poet and critic (b. 1939)
* 2017 &ndash; Roger Pingeon, French cyclist (b. 1940)

## Observances 
* Saint Joseph's Day (Roman Catholicism, Church of England) and related observances:
**Las Fallas (Valencia, Spain)
**Father's Day (Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, Honduras, Bolivia)
* Unity Day (Kashubia, northern Poland)