open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cupid

(French for Cupid), by William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1891.]]

**Cupid**, also called **Amor** (Latin for *love*), is the god of sexual desire in Roman mythology. He fired golden arrows at people to make them fall in love, and lead arrows to make people fall out of love. He was mainly drawn as a cherub, but he might have looked like a normal teenager. He had large feathery wings which he used to fly around in the sky and mainly shot people with his love arrows by flying above them. He secretly did this. And many people asked him for help.

## Related pages
*Eros – Greek mythology version of Cupid.
Primavera (Botticelli)

The **Primavera** is a painting by Sandro Botticelli, which was painted in about 1482.

## What is the painting of?
The painting is set in the garden of Venus, who is in the middle of the painting.  Above her head is Cupid, who is aiming a bow and arrow at *The Three Graces*.  The Three Graces are dancing a rondel.  Mercury is on the left of the painting.  He is wearing a helmet and is carrying a sword.  This means that he is the guard of Venus's garden.  On the right of the picture is Zephyr.  Zephyr is the god of the wind.  He is chasing a nymph called Cloris.  Next to Cloris is Flora, the goddess of Spring, scattering flowers. She was originally Cloris but was turned into Flora by Zephyr.

## Where is the painting?
The Primavera is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
Pound

**Pound** or **Pounds** may refer to:

## Units
* Pound (currency), various units of currency
* Pound sterling, the official currency of the United Kingdom
* Pound (mass), a unit of mass
* Pound (force), a unit of force 
* Rail pound, in rail profile

## Symbols
* Pound sign, the symbol for the pound sterling, £
* Number sign (also pound sign), the symbol #

## Places in the United States
* Pound, Virginia, a town
* Pound, Wisconsin, a village
* Pound (town), Wisconsin, a town
* Pound Ridge, New York, a town

## Entertainment
* Pound (band), an American rock band
* *Pound* (film), a 1970 film directed and written by Robert Downey, Sr.

## Other uses
* Pound (surname), a list of people
* Animal shelter (also a "pound"), a facility that houses homeless, lost, or abandoned animals
* Animal pound, a similar structure  
* Canal pound, the stretch of level water impounded between two canal locks
* Fist bump (also a "pound" or a "fist pound"), a gesture similar in meaning to a handshake or high five
* Buffalo pound, a hunting structure used by indigenous North Americans to trap bison (buffalo)
* Pound (networking), a lightweight open source reverse proxy program and application firewall
* *Pound* (magazine), a Toronto-based hip hop magazine
* Pounds, shillings and pence or £sd, British and other European pre-decimal currency
*Vehicle impoundment

## Related pages
*
Eros (disambiguation)

**Eros** is the Greek god of love.

**Eros** can also mean:

*Eros (concept), the Greek word for romantic or sexual love
*433 Eros, an asteroid
*Eros, Secretary of Roman Emperor Aurelian, whose assassination he planned
*EROS (microkernel), an operating system
*Eros Ramazzotti (born 1963), Italian singer-songwriter
Newbury, Berkshire

**Newbury** is a small historical market town in Berkshire, England, with many buildings from the 16th century, the world famous Newbury racecourse, and the Lambourn horse training stables.

Newbury is home to many kinds of people from different cultures. It is easy to get there from the M4 motorway and has airport and train links.

## References
Dvorak Simplified Keyboard

The **Dvorak Simplified Keyboard **( ) is an alternative way of putting letters on an English keyboard. Most English keyboards have the keys lined up in a "QWERTY layout." The point of QWERTY was to prevent typewriter keys from sticking, but it is not the most "ergonomic", or comfortable, keyboard to type on. August Dvorak invented the Dvorak keyboard, where letters are arranged based on how often they are used. For instance, the most common letters (like "e") are in the center row of keys, so less hand movement is needed when a person is typing.

Proponents of the Dvorak keyboard feel that with the use of computers rather than typewriters, there is no reason to keep the QWERTY keyboard. Many Dvorak keyboard users think that more people should use the Dvorak keyboard, as it aims to prevent typing injuries (like repetitive strain injury and carpal tunnel syndrome). But most users are used to the QWERTY keyboard, and do not want to switch.

## References 
## Other websites
* Dvorak keyboard online  – by My keyboard
Microsoft FrontPage

**Microsoft FrontPage** (Full name: Microsoft Office FrontPage) is a program made by Microsoft to help people make webpages and full websites. It was one of Microsoft Office programs until 2003.

Microsoft FrontPage was commercially available in four versions:
FrontPage 98, FrontPage 2000, FrontPage 2002 & FrontPage 2003.

A freeware version was also included in earlier releases of Internet Explorer.  It was called FrontPage Express.  It was a useful web editor without costing as much as professional software.  FrontPage express is compatible with Windows XP and some other versions of Windows.  FrontPage Express downloads are still available online from third-party hosts, such as stormthecastle.com.

FrontPage is a WYSIWYG, "What You See Is What You Get", Web Editor. All versions of FrontPage are still in use by web developers all over the globe.

The 2003 version is the last installment to the series. It was discontinued in 2006, being replaced by Microsoft Expression Web and Microsoft Office SharePoint Designer.

The first version of the app was made by Vermeer Technologies in 2005, before its acquisition by Microsoft.

## References
Gonad

A **gonad** is a gland that makes gametes and sex hormones. The male gonad is the testicle. Testicles make sperm cells. The female gonad is the ovary. Ovaries make egg cells. Some animals have different gonads because they are hermaphroditic. They may have gonads such as the ovotestis. This is a gland that is similar to testicles and ovaries.

## References
Soda

What is soda made of Sodas and other carbonated soft fizzy drinks usually contain **carbonated water (water with dissolved carbon dioxide), some kind of sweetener, and natural or artificial flavoring**.
*  Some chemical compounds containing sodium
** Sodium carbonate, washing soda or soda ash
** Sodium bicarbonate, baking soda 
** Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda
** Sodium oxide, an alkali metal oxide

*Also, products made by or containing one of these chemicals:
** Soda glass

*Food and drink
** Soda water, a natural potable mineral water with high concentration of sodium bicarbonate, often carbonated
** Soft drink, a sodium bicarbonate beverage; typically carbonated
** Soda cracker, or saltine cracker
** Soda bread, a variety of quick bread
** Ice cream soda, a dessert dish
Watercolour

from the River, by Thomas Girtin 1798-99 (watercolor on paper).]]
**Watercolour** (UK), also called **watercolor** (US) or ***aquarelle*** (French), are paintings whose colours are water-based pigments. 

Watercolours were first created in China, appearing shortly after paper was invented. Watercolours soon became popular in Japan as well. Pigment is mixed first with a binder which is most of the time, gum arabic, then add water and then using a brush add the pigment to material like paper. When the water dries, the pigment is stuck to the material from the binder.

## References
Expert system

An **expert system** is a program running on a computer. Like a human expert, it knows a lot about a subject. People can ask the expert system a question. The expert system will then use a set of rules and give answers to the question. This method of automated reasoning belongs to a field of computer science called artificial intelligence.

Different groups of people can have different kinds of access to an expert system. The people managing the network of computers have different needs than the office worker or secretary.

## How expert systems work
Expert systems are made of
*A set of facts, rules and principles
*A set of data that is solved using its expertise
*A user interface

When they are asked a question, they will filter the data with the rules they have. They might give back a result, or ask an additional question.

## Categories of expert systems
*Case-based expert systems have a number of cases; each case describes the problem in context, and  the solution of the problem, in the specific case. The current problem is matched as closely as possible to a case. The solution of the case found is then applied to the current problem. The main problem of such systems is to define how cases relate to each other, or are similar. An example of where such a system may be used is that of a patient: This patient shows a given number of symptoms, and the expert system could diagnose the patient.
*Rule-based systems do not rely on cases; instead, there are a number of rules. These are expressed in the form *IF A THEN B*.  In most systems, human experts have to write the rules. 
*A third approach is to construct systems that are based on decision trees. Such systems are capable of learning, or of extending their knowledge base, using inductive reasoning. When the classification is done, the system uses a path through the tree. At the end, it arrives at a leaf, which indicates the class of solution to the problem.  Each bifurcation in the tree is based on an attribute, that is checked. The value of the attribute determines how to continue the path. Ideally, good results are obtained using small trees. The problem is finding good attributes to base the decisions on.
Moses (Michelangelo)

***Moses*** is a statue that was made by Michelangelo.  It is a statue of Moses from the Bible.  The statue is unusual because Moses has horns on his head.  This was one of Michelangelo's last projects. 

## Related pages
The following are other statues by Michelangelo:
*David
*Pietà

## Other websites
* http://www.romaviva.com/Santa-Maria-Maggiore/moses.htm  Website with more information on Moses.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

The **Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol**, is a protocol related to computers and networks of computers. It is referred to as **DHCP** for short. It was made so that computers could connect to other computers (on a network) automatically. 

To be able to access the Internet (or any computer network), an IP address is needed. DHCP allows for this IP address to be obtained automatically by a router. If DHCP was not used, a user would have to manually give an available IP address to their device. This is also known as giving a device a static IP. 

Other data, like a DNS Nameserver, or a time server can also be obtained that way. Computers that support network booting can get a disk image that they can boot from through the network.

The address can be dynamic (it can change), or it can be static (it stays the same). After a certain time, the address lease has to be renewed.

DHCP is one of the most complicated IP protocols in networks of computers.
Hermann Hesse

**Hermann Hesse** (2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. His best known works include *Steppenwolf*, *Siddhartha*, and *The Glass Bead Game* (also known as *Magister Ludi*).

## Other websites 
* 
* Hermann Hesse Page  - in German and English, maintained by Professor Gunther Gottschalk
* Hermann Hesse Portal 
* Community of the Journeyer to the Easy  - in German and English
* Concise Biography  - originally published by the Germanic American Institute, by Paul A. Schons
* Article  at 'Books and Writers'
Communication protocol

In computing, a **communication protocol** refers to the set of rules that computers use to communicate with each other.  The protocol defines the signals that the computers will give each other, and other details such as how communication begins and/or ends. 

;Types of Protocol
* Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), is used for accessing and receiving Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files on the internet.
* Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS), is a more modern version of HTTP. it is also encrypted so other people can't read the data being sent

* Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP),  is used for transferring e-mail between computers.
** Post Office Protocol version 3 (**PoP3**) is the most common account type for personal e‑mail. Messages are typically deleted from the server when you check your e‑mail.
** Internet Message Access Protocol (**IMAP**) is a protocol for e-mail retrieval and storage developed in 1986 at Stanford University as an alternative to POP.
* File Transfer Protocol (FTP), is used for showing files to be copied between devices.
* Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), ensures the delivery of information packets across networks.
* Internet Protocol (IP), is responsible for logical addressing called "IP address" to route information between networks.
* In computer networking, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link (layer 2) protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes.
*The packets and device protocol(TPADP) makes sure that the other protocols have a back up route.

## References
## Related pages 
*Computer network
*Internet protocol suite
*OSI model
*Application programming interface
Aldi

**Aldi** is a supermarket in Germany and in most parts of the European Union. Aldi shops are also in Australia, the UK and the United States. Most German towns and villages have at least one Aldi shop. There are about 4,100 stores in Germany, and 7,600 worldwide. The name of the shop stands for ***AL**brecht-**DI**scount*.

The company is a food retailer, but it also sells non-food at times. In the 1990s, Aldi often sold computers that were sought after. Aldi has a reputation for being cheap. It forces its suppliers to sell to them at low prices.

## History 
The company was started in 1913 as a family grocery business in Essen. In 1946, brothers Karl Albrecht (1920-2014) and Theo Albrecht (1922-2010) took over the business from their mother. Theo had been held by the US in a prisoner of war camp. They started the idea of discount shops in Germany. They decided to have a limited range of goods and sell them at a discount price. In 1960, the company was split into **Aldi Nord** (Aldi North) under the control of Theo, and **Aldi Süd** (Aldi South) under the control of Karl. At the end of 2010 there were 210 Aldi stores in eastern Australia and the company were planning to open 20-30 stores each year.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Aldi International (with links to all of Aldi's international websites)
* ALDI Near Me  (ALDI store locator Australia)
Channel Tunnel

The **Channel Tunnel** (or **Chunnel**) (French: ***le tunnel sous la Manche***) is a long underwater tunnel between England and France that runs under the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. It is only for trains. Some of the trains in the Channel Tunnel carry freight, including automobiles. Others, like the Eurostar, carry only passengers.

The tunnel, which was once called the Eurotunnel, opened in 1994. It is 50 kilometres (31 miles) long and its deepest point is 75 metres (250 feet) beneath the surface. It connects Folkestone, Kent in the United Kingdom to Calais in northern France. This has reduced travel time between London and Paris to a little over two hours with high-speed trains.

## Other websites 
* EuroTunnel.com
Amazon

**Amazon** can be:
* one of the Amazons, a group of female warriors in Greek mythology 
* The Amazon River, a big river in South America
* The Amazon Basin, the area drained out by the river
* The Amazon Rainforest, the forest surrounding the river
* Amazon (company), a big online store
Katowice

**Katowice** (pronounce:  katɔ'vʲitsɛ, also known as *Kattowitz* in German) is a city in Poland. It is in the south of Poland in the historical region called Silesia on Kłodnica and Rawa river. It received city rights in 1865. Between 1953 and 1956 Katowice had the name Stalinogród - "Stalin City". It was given by the polish communists. There are about 315,123 people living there. The mayor of the city is Marcin Krupa. For a long period of time the city was ruled by Germans, as it was a part of Germany until 1918. There is a little airport called *Airport Muchowiec*. There are both modern and old buildings in Katowice. It was the center of the coal mining and metallurgy.

## Districts 
## Famous people from Katowice 
]]
* Hans Bellmer, surrealist photographer
* Henryk M. Broder, journalist
* Maria Goeppert-Mayer
* Kurt Goldstein, neurologist
* Richard Herrmann, German footballer
* Jerzy Kukuczka 
* Kazimierz Kutz 
* Franz Leopold Neumann 
* Hans Sachs

## Twin towns 
* Cologne (Germany)
* Groningen (Netherlands)
* Miskolc (Hungary)
* Mobile, Alabama (United States)
* Odense (Denmark)
* Ostrava (Czech Republic)
* Saint-Étienne (France)

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Municipal Council of Katowice 
* The Commercial Website of Katowice
* Katowice, Silesia 
* A webcam view of Katowice 
* Hotel in Katowice 
* Tram in Katowice
Giorgio Napolitano

**Giorgio Napolitano** (29 June 1925 – 22 September 2023) was an Italian politician who was the 11th President of Italy from 2006 to 2015. He was the first Italian president to be re-elected to the office. From 1992 to 1994, he was the President of the Chamber of Deputies. From 1996 to 1998, he was the Minister of the Interior during the Romano Prodi government.

Before becoming president, Napolitano was a member of the Chamber of Deputies, Senate and European Parliament.

In office for 8 years and 244 days, he was the longest-serving president, until the record was passed by Sergio Mattarella in 2023. He also was the longest-lived president in the history of the Italian Republic.

He was elected on 10 May 2006 on the fourth ballot, with 543 votes out of 1009 (the required number was 505), but he took office as president only on 15 May 2006, after Carlo Azeglio Ciampi's time was finished.

He was voted mostly by the left-wing coalition led by Prime Minister Romano Prodi, head of the Italian Government. Napolitano was preceded at his job by Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. He was nicknamed King George by his critics. 

Napolitano resigned as President of Italy on 14 January 2015 due to his old age.

Napolitano was born in Naples. He studied at University of Naples Federico II. In 1959, he married Clio Maria Bittoni. They had two children.

Napolitano was hospitalized in Rome on 29 June 2023, shortly after his 98th birthday. He died on 22 September 2023 at the age of 98.

## References
Artemis

**Artemis** is the Greek goddess of the Moon, hunting, archery, virginity, wilderness, forests, animals, hills and midwifery. She is one of the members of the Twelve Olympians who ruled the world on top of Mount Olympus. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, older twin sister of Apollo. Her Roman equivalent is Diana.  

Artemis is generally depicted as a beautiful huntress wearing a sleeveless tunic and carrying a bow and arrow. She is accompanied by a group of nymphs huntresses. Bow, arrow, quiver and knives serves as her symbols. Deers/stags is her sacred animal. 

## Ancient Greek myths involving Artemis 
### Birth
Hera, who was Zeus's wife, discovered that Leto was pregnant and became very angry. She banned Leto from giving birth on any mainland or island known.

Leto found the island of Delos, which floated and so was not an island or mainland, and gave birth there. Hera then locked up the goddess of childbirth, Eilethyia, so she could not give birth to the twins. Then, all the other goddesses convinced her to let her free so she could finally give birth. Leto gave birth to Artemis without any problem. However she was in labor with Apollo for nine days. Artemis helped Leto to give birth to Apollo.

### Acteon
A mortal hunter named Acteon stumbled upon Artemis while she was bathing. Artemis discovered him and was enraged. She inflicted a punishment upon him for spying on her whilst she was bathing, by transforming him into a stag. She then sent his own hunting dogs to tear him apart.

### Hippolytos
Hippolytos, a companion and devotee of Artemis, was slain through the machinations of Aphrodite, as punishment for his scorning of love and neglecting her worship. Artemis avenged the death of Hippolytos by killing Aphrodite's favourite lover, Adonis. She later petitioned Asclepius to bring the boy back to life, and spirited him away to her sacred shrine in Aricia.

## Related pages
* Artume - Etruscan mythology version of Artemis. 
* Diana - Roman mythology version of Artemis.
* Temple of Artemis

## Other websites 
* Theoi Project, Artemis, information on Artemis from original Greek and Roman sources, images from classical art.
* Hymn To Artemis - The Virgin Goddess of the Hunt
* A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890) (eds. G. E. Marindin, William Smith, LLD, William Wayte)
Robert Byrd

**Robert Carlyle Byrd** (born **Cornelius Calvin Sale Jr.**; November 20, 1917 &ndash; June 28, 2010) was a Senator of the state of West Virginia from 1959 until his death in 2010. He is the longest-serving U.S. senator in history and was the longest-serving member in the history of the whole United States Congress until his record was beaten by Representative John Dingell of Michigan. Byrd is the only West Virginian to have served in both chambers of the state legislature and in both chambers of Congress.

He was dean of the United States Senate from 2003 to 2010. He was president pro tempore four times. He was elected to the Senate in 1958. He served as majority leader from 1977 to 1981 and again from 1987 to 1989. He was also minority leader from 1981 to 1987. He was a member of the KKK.

## Early life
Byrd was born on November 20, 1917 in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. On May 29, 1937, Byrd married Erma Ora James (June 12, 1917 – March 25, 2006) who was born to a coal mining family in Floyd County, Virginia. Her family moved to Raleigh County, West Virginia, where she met Byrd when they attended the same high school.

Robert Byrd had two daughters (Mona Byrd Fatemi and Marjorie Byrd Moore), six grandchildren, and seven great-grandchildren. He died at approximately  EDT the next day at age 92 from natural causes. At the time of his death in office, he was the last living U.S. senator who assumed office in the 1950s.

## References
Daphne

**Daphne** can mean:
***Daphne**, a dryad in Greek mythology

## Art
**Dafne* is the name of an opera by Jacopo Peri (1597), no longer existent, and is considered to be the first opera ever composed.
**Daphne* is also the title of an opera by Richard Strauss based on the myth of the nymph Daphne.
**Daphne Descends* is a song on the Smashing Pumpkins' *Adore* album.
**Daphne* is a song on several Django Reinhardt albums, such as *Djangology*.  The song was originally written in 1938.

## Sciences
****Daphne*** is also a genus of shrubs in the plant family Thymelaeaceae, noted for their scented flowers and poisonous berries.
***41 Daphne** is the name of an asteroid.
**DAΦNE* is a nuclear physics experiment in Frascati, Italy.
**DAPHNE* is an emulator of Laserdisc Arcade Games.

## Geography
* Many cities and villages in Greece are named Dafni
***Daphne** is the name of a city in the U.S. state of Alabama.

## Fiction
**Daphne Blake* is a character in the television cartoon *Scooby-Doo*.
**Daphne Broon* is a character in the Scottish cartoon strip *The Broons*.
**Daphne Moon* is a character in the Emmy Award Winning Show *Frasier*.
**Daphne* is the name of a tree that is important in finding Maia Mizuki's lost memories, in the anime *Daphne in the Brilliant Blue* (2004)

## Other
**SS Daphne* was a ship which sank disastrously in 1883.
*"Daphne II" is a European Community program based on the decission 803/2004/CE from the European Parliament, to prevent and fight violence against women and children and protect the victims and risk groups; It states a common position and strategy from the representatives of the European citizenship.
Styx

**Styx** is the goddess of the river Styx in Greek mythology, and was the only female river goddess. She was the daughter of Okeanos and Tethys, and with Pallas was also the mother of Zelus, Nike, Kratos, and Bia (and sometimes Eos). During the Titanomachy she sent the children to help Zeus. To reward her for helping the Olympians, Zeus did not throw her in Tartarus, but let her be the guardian of the river Styx. She is the wife of the ferryman, Charon, and the guardian of the river Coctylus, Archeon.

## References
Hemera

**Hemera** was the goddess of daylight in Greek mythology.  She was the daughter of Erebus and Nyx, and the sister of Moros, Charon, Keres and Nemesis.    

Hyginus lists their children as Uranus, Gaia, and Thalassa (the primordial sea goddess), while Hesiod only lists Thalassa as their child.

Aether was her brother and consort. Hyginus listed Gaia, Thalassa and Ouranos as their children. In Hesiod's "Theogony", Hemera was only mother of Thalassa.

Hemera's mother was the goddess of the night and her father was the god of darkness. they were brother and sister and married and had kids Hemera was one of them.
Her grandmother was the goddess of air.
Aether

**Aether** was the God of light in Greek mythology. He was the son of Erebus and Nyx. Aether is one of the primordial deities, the first-born elementals.

Damascius says that Aether, Erebus and Chaos were siblings, and the offspring of Chronos (Father Time). According to Epiphanius, the world began as a cosmic egg, encircled by Time and Inevitability (most likely Chronos and Ananke) in serpent fashion. Together they constricted the egg, squeezing its matter with great force, until the world divided into two hemispheres. After that, the atoms sorted themselves out. The lighter and finer ones floated above and became the Bright Air (Aether and/or Ouranos) and the rarefied Wind (Chaos), while the heavier and dirtier atoms sank and became the Earth (Gaia) and the Ocean (Pontos and/or Oceanus). See also Plato's Myth of Er.

## References
Gaya (disambiguation)

*See also: Gaia*

**Gaya** may refer to:

* Gaya Confederacy, an ancient Korean league of chiefdoms.
* Gaya, India, a city in Bihar state in India.
* Gaya District, India
* Gaya, Niger, a city in Niger.
* *Gaya (plant)*, a plant genus in the family Malvaceae.
Hypnos

**Hypnos** is the god of sleep in Greek mythology. He is the son of Nyx and the twin brother of Thanatos, the god of death.

His sons are the Oneroi: Morpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos.

His Roman equivalent was *Somnus*. Hypnos was represented as a gentle young man, usually with wings attached to his temples or shoulders.
Momus

, 1561, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin]]

**Momus** is the god of blame, Mockery, criticism and satire in Greek mythology.  His mother is Nyx, but he has no father. He was kicked out of Olympus after criticizing Zeus, Aphrodite, Poseidon and Athena.
Metis

**Metis** is the goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology. She is one of the Titans and is the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She was the mother of Athena.

There is also a moon named after Metis.

When she was inside Zeus, Metis made a helmet and a robe for her baby. The hammering noise caused Zeus to have a headache. To try and help Zeus with the pain, Prometheus, Hephaestus, Hermes, or Palaemon (depending on the myth) cut his head open with a Minoan axe.  Athena then came out of Zeus's head. She was fully grown and had her armour on.

## Related pages
*Athena
*9 Metis
Eos

**Eos** (Ionic and Homeric Greek: Ἠώς, *Ēōs*; Attic: Ἕως, *Éōs*; Aeolic: Αὔως, *Aúōs*; Doric: Ἀώς, *Āṓs*) is the goddess of the dawn in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. She is the sister of Helios, god of the sun, and Selene, goddess of the moon. 

## Myth 
Eos leaves her home, which was at the edge of ocean, every morning to wake her brother, Helios. She opens the gates of heaven so that Helios can ride his chariot across the sky each day.

## Related pages
* Aurora - Roman mythology version of Eos.
* Thesan - Etruscan mythology version of Eos.
Nyx

(a manuscript from the 10th century)]]
**Nyx** was the goddess of the  in Greek mythology. She came out of Chaos.

Her Roman equivalent was **Nox**.

## Hesiod's Theogony 
In his theogony (How the gods came to be), Hesiod tells: *Night is born of Chaos; her offspring are many, and telling. With Erebus, Night gives birth to the following deities:*
* Aether ("atmosphere") and Hemera ("day").
Later, on her own, Night gives birth to 
* Momus "blame"
* Ponos "toil"
* Moros "fate"
* Thanatos "death"
* Hypnos "sleep", 
* the Oneiroi "the tribe of dreams"
* the Hesperides
* the Keres and Fates
* Nemesis "retribution"
* Apate "deception"
* Philotes "friendship"
* Geras "age", 
* and Eris "strife". 

In his description of Tartarus, Hesiod says further that Hemera "day", who is now Night's sister rather than daughter, left Tartarus just as Nyx entered it; when Hemera returned, Nyx left. This mirrors the portrayal of Ratri "night" in the Rig-Veda, where she works in close cooperation but also tension with her sister Ushas "dawn".]]

## Children 
* Only hers:
**Hypnos, the god of sleep.
** Thanatos, the god of death.
** Apate, the god of deception.
** Eris, the god of strife.
** Geras, the god of age.
** Momus, the god of blame.
** Moros, the god of fate.
** Philotes, the god of friendship.
** Ponus, the god of toil.
** Reopus, the god of negativity

## Related pages
* Nox - Etruscan mythology version of Nyx.

## References
30s

The **30s** decade ran from 1 January 30 to 31 December 39.
## Events
*circa 33 – Jesus is crucified, and according to Christianity, resurrects from the dead.
Leto

**Leto** is a goddess in Greek mythology.  She was the daughter of Coeus and Phoebe, who were Titans. Leto was the mother of the twins Artemis and Apollo, whose father was Zeus.

After the twins were born, Leto played very little part in Greek mythology. She is the goddess of motherhood and one of Zeus' many wives.

## Birth of Artemis and Apollo
Hera, who was Zeus's wife, discovered that Leto was pregnant and became very angry.  She banned Leto from giving birth on any mainland or island known.

Leto found the island of Delos, which floated and so was not an island nor mainland, and gave birth there. Leto gave birth to Artemis without any problem.  However she was in labour with Apollo for nine days and nine nights.  Artemis helped Leto to give birth to Apollo.

## Related pages
*Latona Fountain
Ge

**Ge** or **GE** may stand for:
*The letter G
**Ge (Cyrillic) ( Г, г ), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet
**Ge with upturn ( Ґ, ґ ), a letter of the Ukrainian alphabet
*Germanium (Ge), a chemical element
*Genetic engineering
*Short name for Greek goddess Gaia
*General Electric, a large American company
*Georgia (country) by ISO code
*Ge people (or Je) - indigenous Brazilian tribes or the Ge languages associated with them
The Adventures of Robin Hood

***The Adventures of Robin Hood*** is a 1938 swashbuckler movie. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley. It was shot in Technicolor.  The movie stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, and Claude Rains. The story is based on the traditional tales of Robin Hood. It is the third of eight movies Flynn and De Havilland made together. The movie won three minor Academy Awards. In 1995, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

## Other websites 
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Christopher Eccleston

**Christopher Eccleston** (born 16 February 1964) is an English actor. He played the Ninth Doctor on *Doctor Who* in 2005. Before playing the doctor, he played the Son of God in *The Second Coming*. He has acted in movies, such as *Let Him Have It*, *Shallow Grave*, and *Gone in 60 Seconds*.

Eccleston is an atheist.

## References
## Other websites
* Fan site
*
Ares

Ares is a god in Greek mythology. He is the god of savage war, and represents the untamed, wild aspects of conflict. He is one of the Twelve Olympians. His parents are Zeus and Hera. He had a twin sister called Eris. Neither parent liked him. He is considered murderous and bloody. In the Trojan War, he fought on the side of the Trojans. He had six children with Aphrodite. His homeland is Thrace.

## Etymology 
Ares' name is believed to be derived from the Greek word ἀρήσ (*arē*), the Ionic form of the Doric ἀρά (*ara*), which translates to "bane" or "ruin".

## Related pages
* Maris - Etruscan mythology version of Ares
* Tyr - Norse mythology version of Ares
* Mars - Roman mythology version of Ares

## References
## Other websites 
* Theoi Project, Ares information on Ares from classical literature, images from Greek and Roman art.
* Greek Mythology Link, Ares  summary of Ares in myth
Speed (1994 movie)

***Speed*** is a 1994 American action-thriller movie set in Los Angeles, California. It stars Keanu Reeves, Sandra Bullock, Jeff Daniels, Alan Ruck, and Dennis Hopper with Joe Morton. It is about a police officer (Reeves) who has to stop a extortionist (Hopper), who has put a bomb on a city bus. The movie was a box office success in many countries.

It was followed by a 1997 sequel, *Speed 2: Cruise Control*.

## Other websites 
*
*
Anna Kavan

**Anna Kavan** (born **Helen Emily Woods**; 10 April 1901 – 5 December 1968) was an English writer.

Kavan wrote stories before using the name Anna Kavan. During this time, she wrote six novels. They are very different from her other novels. When she changed her pen name, she started writing experimental novels. This change focused on dreams and addiction.

*I Am Lazarus* is a collection of short stories. The stories are about mental illness and war-related post traumatic stress disorder.

Kavan travelled a lot during the Second World War. She was in New Zealand for 22 months. Because New Zealand is close to Antarctica, she was inspired to write *Ice*.

## References
Sioux Falls, South Dakota

**Sioux Falls** (pronounced "sue falls", ) is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the largest city in the state; 192,517 people lived there at the 2020 census. The city is in the eastern part of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County, where most of the city is located. The southern part of the city is in Lincoln County. Sioux Falls became a city in 1876. The city is built around the Big Sioux River, and it gets its name from a set of waterfalls along the river that are located in a park in the city.

## Sports 
Sioux Falls is home to four major sports teams. The Sioux Falls Skyforce play basketball in the NBA Development League, the Sioux Falls Canaries play baseball in the American Association, the Sioux Falls Stampede play ice hockey in the United States Hockey League, and the Sioux Falls Storm play American football in the Indoor Football League.

## Transport 
Two major Interstate highways go through Sioux Falls. Interstate 90 goes from east to west, and Interstate 29 goes from north to south. Sioux Falls also has a shorter route, Interstate 229, that serves the eastern part of the city and connects Interstate 90 to Interstate 29. The city is also home to the Sioux Falls Regional Airport, which has flights to many big cities across the country.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Sioux Falls government website
Deliverance

***Deliverance*** is a 1972 American adventure thriller drama movie made by Warner Bros. It was directed by John Boorman and stars Burt Reynolds, Ronny Cox, Ned Beatty and Jon Voight. It was based on a book written in 1970 by James Dickey, who also wrote the screenplay and had a small part in the movie. It is set in rural northern Georgia. Four men from Atlanta take a trip in a canoe. One of them is raped by sadistic local men who force one of the other men to watch; the four take revenge on their attackers and swear each other to secrecy.

*Deliverance* got good reviews from critics and is widely considered one of the best films of 1972.

In 2008, Deliverance was selected by the Library of Congress into the United States National Film Registry.

## Awards and nominations
Nominated for:

*Academy Award for Best Picture
*Academy Award for Directing – John Boorman
*Academy Award for Film Editing – Tom Priestley
*New York Film Critics Circle for Best Film and Best Director
*Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
*Golden Globe Award for Best Director – Motion Picture – John Boorman
*Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama – Jon Voight
*Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song – Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, Eric Weissberg and Steve Mandel
*Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay – James Dickey

## References 
## Other websites 
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*
Olga Bondarenko

**Olga Bondarenko** (maiden name Krentser, born 2 June 1960 in Slavgorod, Altai Krai, Russia) is a long-distance runner. Running for the U.S.S.R., she won the 10,000 metre race at the 1988 Summer Olympics, and the 3,000 metre race at the 1986 European Championships. Earlier she had set a world record for the 10,000 m event, at 31 minutes, 13.78 seconds, in Kiev in 1984. Her first world-class gold medal was a first-place finish in the 5,000 m race at the 1986 Goodwill Games in Moscow. She competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## References
*Olga Bondarenko at sporting-heroes.net
*Olga Bondarenko-Krentser
Mercury (mythology)

**Mercury** (Latin: *Mercurius*) is the god of trade, commerce, financial gain, messages/communication, travellers and boundaries, trickery, merchants and thieves in Ancient Roman religion and myth. Son of Jupiter and Maia, Mercury was a major god in Roman state religion, being a member of the Dii Consentes, the principal group of ancient Roman deities. The Roman counterpart to Hermes, the god is depicted as holding a caduceus in his left hand. The planet Mercury and the element Mercury are named after him. 

## Related pages
*Turms - Etruscan mythology version of Mercury.
* Hermes - Greek mythology version of Mercury.
Tyche (planet)

(inset)]]

**Tyche** is the nickname given to a possible gas giant planet in the  Solar System's Oort cloud. It is one of several proposed planets beyond Neptune. Tyche was first proposed in 1999 by astronomer John Matese of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. 

Matese and Daniel Whitmire say that the points of origin for long-period comets gives a pattern that suggests Tyche's existence. They noted that Tyche, if it exists, should be seen in the archive of data that was collected by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Infrared telescope. However, several astronomers disagree that Tyche exists. In 2014 NASA announced that WISE had not found such a planet. 

Tyche is in the Nickelodeon TV show The Fairly OddParents. It is also called "Yugopotamia" and is where the character Mark Chang is from.

## References
Demeter

**Demeter** (Attic Greek: Δημήτηρ, *Dēmḗtēr*; Doric: Δαμάτηρ, *Dāmā́tēr*) is the goddess of the harvest and agriculture in ancient Greek religion and myth, one of the Twelve Olympians. The elder sister of Zeus, Demeter presided over grains and the fertility of the earth. She served as the patron goddess of farmers, and was believed to have taught men how to reap and cultivate the harvest. By Zeus, she is the mother of Persephone, the wife of Hades and queen of the underworld. Both she and Persephone were central figures of the Eleusinian Mysteries, a series of festivals held in honor of the two goddesses in the region of Attica. Her symbols were the scythe, cornucopia, wheat, bread and harvest grains, and the pig and snake were her sacred animals. Her Roman equivalent is Ceres.

In Greek Mythology, Demeter's daughter Persephone was kidnapped by Hades, and made her bride. Demeter grieved the loss of her daughter, bringing on a long famine. Eventually an accord was met by which Persephone would spend part of the year underground, and the rest above ground with her mother. This cycle is the Mythological explanation for the seasons. 

## Related pages 
* Ceres - Roman version of Demeter
Medusa

**Medusa** is a character in Greek mythology. Her story has been told and retold by ancient and modern storytellers, writers, and artists.  

The Latin poet Ovid writes in Book IV of  his *Metamorphoses* that Poseidon had raped Medusa in the temple of Athena. The goddess was angry, and changed Medusa into a monster with snakes for hair.  To people in Ovid's time, Medusa, not Poseidon, was the one who had done something wrong.

Artists have made statues and paintings of Medusa for thousands of years.  Ancient Greeks and other ancient people painted Medusa's face on pots and doors and other things.  In Greek art from this time, artists usually painted or carved people looking out to the side.  Medusa was almost always carved looking out of the picture toward the viewer. This was so Medusa could scare evil things away.  These pictures of Medusa are called Gorgoneions. They are an example of using one evil thing to make other evil things leave, the same way Perseus used Medusa against his other enemies.

There are more than 579 depictions of Medusa though history of art in the world. It's possible that she may be the most represented mytological character  of the Greco-Roman mythology.

## References
Roman mythology

**Roman mythology** is a huge collection of stories, started in Ancient Rome, about the beginning of the world, and the lives and adventures the many Roman gods, goddesses, and heros.  Each god, each goddess had a cult to take care of their temples or other holy places.

The myths of the Ancient Romans are often called **Greco-Roman**. Originally, they were similar to the Ancient Greek mythology, and later the Romans added Greek stories for their Roman gods, so they became even more similar.

The gods and goddesses in these stories have many different magic powers.  They can make themselves invisible to humans and move to any place in a very short time. They can change people into animals or animals into people. They have no disease and can only be hurt by very unusual causes. This is called being immortal; they can never die.

## Related pages 
* Paganism
* Roman Empire
* Metamorphoses
* Classical antiquity
* List of Roman gods and goddesses
Fortuna (mythology)

**Fortuna** was the goddess of fortune, luck and fate in Roman mythology. Fortuna could bestow good or bad luck onto people. She was sometimes represented veiled and blind. She was a daughter of Jupiter and like him, she could also be bountiful and generous to everybody. 

## Related pages
* Tyche - Greek mythology version of Fortuna
* The Wheel of Fortune

## Other websites
List of Roman gods and goddesses

This is a **list of Roman gods and goddesses** that are in Roman mythology.

* Apollo (Epithet: Phoebus) - the god of music, oracles, archery, medicine and the sun.
* Aurora- The goddess of dawn
* Bacchus- The god of agriculture and wine
* Bellona- The goddess of war and death
* Caelus- The primal god of the sky and theology, iconography, and literature
* Ceres- The goddess of agriculture and grain
* Concordia- The goddess of harmony
* Cupid- The god of love
* Cybele- The goddess of the Earth, nature, mountains, and wild animals
* Diana  (Epithet: Trivia) - The goddess of wild animals and the hunt and the moon. Her epithet references the merging of the three:
** Artemis- The goddess of the hunt
** Hecate- The goddess of sorcery and witchcraft
** Luna- The goddess of the moon
* Faunus- The god of the forest, fields, and plains
* Febris- The goddess of fevers
* Flora- The goddess of flowers and of the season of spring
* Fortuna - The goddess of luck
* Janus - The god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, and endings
* Juno - The goddess of love, marriage, and fertility
* Jupiter- The god of thunder and the sky
* Juventas- the goddess of youth
* Mars - The god of war and fighting
* Mercury - The god of shopkeepers, merchants, travellers, transporters of goods, thieves, and tricksters. Messenger of the gods.
* Minerva- The goddess of wisdom, medicine, commerce, handicrafts, poetry, the arts, and war
* Mutunus Tutunus- A phallic god of marriage
* Nemesis- The goddess of revenge, hatred, and jealousy
* Neptune - The god of the sea and earthquakes
* Nyx - The primordial goddess of the night
* Pluto - The god of the underworld. God of death and the riches under the Earth
* Proserpina- The goddess of fertility, wine, and agriculture
* Pomona - The goddess of fruitful abundance
* Saturn- The god of generation, dissolution, plenty, wealth, periodic renewal, liberation, and time
* Senectus- The god of old age. Greek equivalent is Geras
* Somnus- The god of sleep. Greek equivalent is Hypnos
* Spes- The goddess of hope
* Terra- The goddess of the Earth
* Venus- The goddess of love and beauty
* Veritas- The goddess of truth
* Vesta- The goddess of the hearth, the home, and domestic life
* Victoria- The goddess of victory. Greek equivalent is Nike
* Vis- The goddess of force, power, and might. Greek equivalent is Bia
* Vulcan- The god of fire and blacksmith

## Related pages
*List of names of mythological gods, a comparison of names of Greek, Roman, Etruscan, Norse and Meitei gods and goddesses
Lists of deities

This is a list of deities in different polytheistic religions, cultures and mythologies of the world.

## Lists 
, lord of the dead. His green skin symbolises rebirth]]
* Ancient Egyptian deities
* Mesopotamian deities
* Ancient Greek deities
* Ancient Meitei deities
* Ancient Roman deities
* Norse deities
* Hindu deities 
** Hindu gods
** Devi
* Japanese deities

## Comparison 
This list includes Etruscan, Greek, Roman, Norse and Meitei versions of similar gods and goddesses. The table is ordered by the Greek god's name.

## Related pages 
* Demigod
* Divinity
Andrzej Sapkowski

**Andrzej Sapkowski** (born June 21, 1948 in Łódź) is a Polish fantasy writer. His best known work is The Witcher (*Wiedźmin*) Saga (takes place in a fictional universe). Before starting his career in the late 1980s, he worked in foreign trade.
Ceres

in Paris.]]

In Roman religion and myth, **Ceres** (Latin: *Cerēs*) is the goddess of agriculture, especially the growing of grains and cereals, fertility and motherly relationships. The Roman equivalent of Demeter. Ceres was an important deity of the Plebeian or Aventine Triad. She was the mother of Proserpine. Her daughter was married to Pluto, the god of the underworld. At Roman weddings, a boy carried the torch of Ceres to light the way to happiness of the couple. The dwarf planet Ceres is named after her.

Ceres found out the spelt wheat (Latin far), the yoking of oxen and ploughing, the sowing, protection and the young seed, the gift of agriculture to human beings. Before this, man were going here and there without houses or rules. She had the power to fertilize, multiply and make plants bear fruit and animals produce seed. Her rules protected all the activities of the agricultural cycle. In January, Ceres (alongside the earth-goddess Tellus) was offered spelt wheat and a pregnant sow. It was done at the movable Feriae Sementivae. This was almost done before the annual sowing of grain. The divine part of sacrifice was the entrails (exta) put in a clay pot (olla). In villages, Cato the Elder describes the offer to Ceres of a porca praecidanea (a pig, offered before harvesting). Before the harvest, she was offered some grains (praemetium). Ovid tells that Ceres "is content with little, provided that her offerings are casta" (pure).

Ceres' main festival is Cerealia. It was celebrated from middle to late April. It was organised by her plebeian aediles. It included circus games (ludi circenses). It opened with a horse-race in the Circus Maximus. Its starting point was below and opposite to her Aventine Temple. Its turning post was at the far end of the Circus. It was holy to Consus, a god of grain-storage. After the race, foxes were released into the Circus. Their tails were burned with torches. It was done to clean the growing crop plants and protect them from disease. It is also to add warmness and strength to their growth.

## Rules 
Ceres protected plebeian laws, rights and rules. Her Aventine Temple was the plebeian worship place, law place, treasure place and also law-court. Its foundation was almost at the same time with the passage of the Lex Sacrata. During that time, Lex Sacrata made the office and representatives of the Roman people. Tribunes were legally unable to do anything to capture or threaten the lives and wealth of those who broke the rules of Ceres.

## Related pages
* Demeter - Greek mythology version of Ceres
## References