open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cajuns

The **Cajuns**, also known as *Acadians*, are an ethnic group mainly living in the U.S. states of Louisiana and Texas, and in the Canadian maritime provinces consisting in part of the descendants of the original Acadian exiles-French-speakers from Acadia in what are now The Maritimes of Eastern Canada.

## Related pages 
* Cajun cuisine
## References 
## Other websites
Liechtensteiner Americans

**Liechtensteiner Americans** are Americans of Liechtensteiner descent.

## History 
The first Liechtensteiner emigrants of which have record emigrated in United States in the early 1830s. However, first great wave of Liechtensteiner emigrants arrived to the United States on April 7, 1851, settling in New Orleans; and in 1852 other group emigrated to Dubuque, Iowa (including stonemasons, bricklayers and carpenters). Eventually, many of the Liechtensteiner emigrants of Dubuque left the city and got farms nearby. However, the Liechtensteiner emigration was reduced during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Later, when the construction of railroads began "lying the country together and opening up the West", other Liechtensteiners emigrated to United States to work in the construction of railroads.

During the following decades, many other Liechtensteiners emigrated to places such as Guttenberg, Iowa and Wabash, Indiana. However, between 1885 and 1907, Liechtensteiner emigration slowed, limited to a few individuals and families. Less than 30 Liechtensteiners emigrated during that period to United States. Reducing migration was due to the large increase in economic activity from the establishment of first textile factories in the 1880s.

The First World War caused an economic crisis in Liechtenstein (which originated, among other things, because the Entente allies stopped the "import of raw materials" into the country and the "massive speculation by the national bank"), so the Liechtenstein emigration to United States was retaken. Most of the new Liechtensteiner emigrants settled in urban areas, especially in Chicago and Hammond, Indiana, but there were Liechtensteiners throughout the country.

After the Second World War, a few more Liechtensteiners emigrated to the United States, the largest number arriving in 1948, when fifteen individuals or families came to this country. The reduction of the Liechtenstein emigration was due to improvements in economic conditions of Liechtenstein.

## References
Uruguayan Americans

**Uruguayan Americans** (,  or ) are Americans of Uruguayan ancestry or birth. The American Community Survey of 2006 estimated the Uruguayan American population to number 50,538, a figure that notably increased a decade later.

## References
Nancy Kress

**Nancy Kress** (born January 20, 1948) is an American science fiction writer. She began writing in 1976. She has achieved her greatest notice since her Hugo and Nebula Award winning novella *Beggars in Spain*. The book, in 1993, became a novel.

Kress later won the Nebula Award for Best Novella for another book: *After the Fall, Before the Fall, During the Fall* in 2013. She also won in 2015 for the book ''Yesterday's Kin*.

Kress, in addition to her novels, has written a number of short stories. She is a regular columnist for *Writer's Digest''. 

Kress was born in Buffalo, New York.

## References
Ina Garten

**Ina Rosenberg Garten** (pronounced EYE-nuh; born February 2, 1948) is an American author and host of the Food Network show *Barefoot Contessa*. She was a staff member of the White House Office of Management and Budget. Garten has a number of best-selling cookbooks, magazine products and a popular Food Network television show.

Garten was born in Brooklyn, New York.

## Works 
### Books 
* *The Barefoot Contessa Cookbook* (1999), Clarkson Potter,  
* *Barefoot Contessa Parties! Ideas and Recipes For Easy Parties That Are Really Fun* (2001)
* *Barefoot Contessa Family Style: Easy Ideas and Recipes That Make Everyone Feel Like Family* (2002)
* *Barefoot in Paris: Easy French Food You Can Make at Home* (2004)
* ''Barefoot Contessa at Home: Everyday Recipes You'll Make Over and Over Again* (2006)
* *Barefoot Contessa Back to Basics: Fabulous Flavor from Simple Ingredients* Clarkson Potter. 2008. .
* *Barefoot Contessa: How Easy Is That?* Clarkson Potter. 2010. .
* 
* 
* *Cooking for Jeffrey: A Barefoot Contessa Cookbook* Clarkson Potter. 2016.
* 
* 

### Magazine columns 
* "Entertaining is Fun!" (*Martha Stewart Living* 1999–present)
* "Entertaining." (*O, The Oprah Magazine* 2003–present)
* "Ask the Barefoot Contessa." (*House Beautiful* 2006–present)

### Television 
* *From Martha's Kitchen: Ina Garten's Kitchen Clambake* (2000)
* *Barefoot Contessa* (2002–present)
* *Chefography* (2006-2010)
* *30 Rock'' (2010-2011)

## References
Milorad Janković

**Milorad Janković** (10 August 1940 – 24 December 2020) was a Yugoslav footballer. He played at both professional and international levels as a striker. He played club football for Radnički Niš between 1964 and 1974, and made one appearance for Yugoslavia in 1966.

Janković died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 80.

## References
William Magee (politician)

**William D. "Bill" Magee** (June 21, 1939 &ndash; December 24, 2020) was an American Democratic politician. He was a  member of the New York State Assembly, who represented the 121st Assembly District from 1991 until 2018. He was born in Oneida, New York. He was also a businessman.

Magee died on December 24, 2020 in Nelson, New York at the age of 81.

## References
Wampsville, New York

**Wampsville** is a village found inside the Town of Lenox in Madison County, New York. About 573 people lived here as of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Madison County.

## References
Lenox, New York

**Lenox** is a town in Madison County, New York, United States. 8,768 lived here as of the 2020 census.

## References
Kashubian Americans

**Kashubian Americans** are Americans of Kashubian descent. The two earliest Kashubian American settlements in the United States were located around Winona, Minnesota, and Portage County, Wisconsin, which are across the Mississippi River from each other.

## References
Amit Mitra

**Amit Mitra** (born 20 December 1947) is an Indian economist and politician. He is a member of the All India Trinamool Congress and the current Finance, Commerce & Industries Minister of the government of Indian state of West Bengal.

He is the current MLA in the West Bengal state assembly from the Khardaha state assembly constituency. He was awarded Padma Shri at 2007. He beat Asim Dasgupta, the ex-West Bengal Finance Minister  in the 2011 West Bengal state assembly election 

He was the Secretary general of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).

## References
Danny Hodge

**Daniel Allen Hodge** (May 13, 1932 – December 25, 2020) was an American wrestler and boxer. He was born and raised in Perry, Oklahoma. He was known for being able to crush apples with one hand. He won a silver medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Hodge died of Alzheimer's disease-related problems in Perry on December 25, 2020 at the age of 88.

## References
Barry Lopez

**Barry Holstun Lopez** (January 6, 1945December 25, 2020) was an American writer. He won the National Book Award for Nonfiction for *Arctic Dreams* (1986) and his *Of Wolves and Men* (1978) was a National Book Award finalist.

Lopez died on December 25, 2020 from prostate cancer in Eugene, Oregon at the age of 75.

## References
Gregorio Salvador Caja

**Gregorio Salvador Caja** (11 July 1927 – 26 December 2020) was a Spanish linguist. Salvador Caja was born in Cúllar, Granada, Spain. His works were about structural semantics. He wrote for the Spanish newspaper ABC. Salvador Caja was elected to the Real Academia Española on 5 June 1986.

Salvador Caja died on 26 December 2020 at the age of 93.

## References
French Sailing Federation

The **French Sailing Federation** (**FFV**) () is the governing body of sailing in France.

## Other websites
*Official site 
*ISAF MNA Microsite
Ned Wynn

**Ned Wynn** (April 27, 1941 – December 20, 2020) was an American actor and screenwriter. He was born in New York City. He played Alonzo in *The Absent-Minded Professor* (1961) and *Son of Flubber* (1963). He also played Luke in *Stagecoach* (1966).

Wynn was the son of actor Keenan Wynn and grandson of Ed Wynn.

Wynn died on December 20, 2020 in Sonoma County, California from Parkinson's disease-related problems, aged 79.

## References
Aleksandar Ivoš

**Aleksandar Ivoš** (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Ивош; 28 June 1931 – 24 December 2020) was a Serbian footballer. In 1962, he made three appearances for the Yugoslavia national football team.

Ivoš started his football career in neighbouring FK Loznica before moving to FK Mačva Šabac in 1951. He played for FK Sloboda Tuzla before moving abroad to play in Austria and Belgium. He played with Wiener Sport-Club.

## References
Barry Atsma

**Barry Atsma** (born 29 December 1972) is an English-born Dutch actor. Atsma played Michael in the 2014 comedy-drama *Hector and the Search for Happiness* and Christie in the 2018 British television series *The Split*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Hector and the Search for Happiness (movie)

***Hector and the Search for Happiness*** is a 2014 comedy-drama movie directed by Peter Chelsom. It was based on François Lelord's book. 

The movie stars Simon Pegg, Rosamund Pike, Toni Collette, Jean Reno, Stellan Skarsgård, Barry Atsma and Christopher Plummer with Togo Igawa.

The movie was released on 15 August 2014 to negative reviews and has a 37% on Rotten Tomatoes.

## References
Nicolas Hénard

**Nicolas Hénard** (born 16 September 1964 in Calais) is a French skipper. He is the current president of the French Sailing Federation.
Togo Igawa

, known professionally as , is a Japanese actor. He was born in Tokyo. Igawa is known for his roles in British movies. His career began in 1979. 

Igawa is known for his roles in *Revolver*, *Memoirs of a Geisha* and *The Last Samurai*. He also voiced Hiro in many *Thomas & Friends* movies.

## References
One Blackfriars

(centre), and South Bank Tower (right) from Waterloo Bridge.]]
**One Blackfriars** is a skyscraper in London located at No. 1 Blackfriars Road in Bankside. It has 52 floors and 274 apartments, a hotel and retail shops. The building is  tall. It is also known as **The Vase** or **The Boomerang** due to its shape.

## Design 
The shape was inspired by the shape of glass vase Lansetti designed by Timo Sarpaneva in 1952.

## Construction 
Construction of the tower started in 2013. It includes 13 studio houses, 78 one bedroom houses, 120 two bedroom houses, 56 three bedroom houses, 6 four bedroom houses and 1 three apartment house. The tower was finished in 2019.

## References
Peter Chelsom

**Peter Chelsom** (born 20 April 1956) is a British movie director, screenwriter, and actor. He has directed the movies *Hector and the Search for Happiness*, *Serendipity*, and *Shall We Dance?*

## References
Carlos Eduardo Cadoca

**Carlos Eduardo Cintra da Costa Pereira** (April 23, 1940 – December 13, 2020), better known as **Carlos Eduardo Cadoca** or simply **Cadoca**, was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He was born in Recife, Pernambuco. 

Cadoca was a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement, Social Christian Party and the Communist Party.

Cadoca was a member of the Recife city council from 1983 to 1995. He later was a member of the Pernambuco Legislative Assembly from 1995 to 1999. From 1999 to 2019, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies.

On December 13, 2020, Cadoca died in Recife from problems caused by COVID-19, aged 80.

## References
Aaron Ehasz

**Aaron Gabriel Ehasz** (born June 16, 1973) is an American television writer and producer. He is known for being the co-executive producer of *Avatar: The Last Airbender* and the co-creator of the Netflix series *The Dragon Prince*.

In November 2019, Ehasz was accused of sexism while working for Netflix.

## References
Operculum

, from the side. The different bones that make up the operculum are shown in color.]]
In fish, an **operculum** is a structure made of bone that covers and protects the gills.
Mohamed El Ouafa

**Mohamed El Ouafa** ( - 1948 – 27 December 2020) was a Moroccan politician. He was a member of Istiqlal Party. He was Minister of Education in  Abdelilah Benkirane's cabinet from 2012 to 2013. Between 2000 and 2012 he was Ambassador to India, Iran and Brazil.

Ouafa died of COVID-19 on 27 December 2020 in Rabat, Morocco at the age of 72.

## References
Sunil Kothari

**Sunil Kothari** (20 December 1933 – 27 December 2020) was an Indian dance historian, scholar and critic. He was a professor at Ravindra Bharti University in Kolkata. He started his career with *The Times of India*. He also taught at Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics. In 2001, he was honored with the Padma Shri.

Kothari died on 27 December 2020 from cardiac arrest in Kolkata, one week after his 87th birthday.

## References
Sergio Pintor

**Sergio Pintor** (16 November 1937 – 27 December 2020) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate. He was an Diocesan Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ozieri from 2006 to 2012. Pintor was born in Oristano, Italy. In 1961, he became a priest.

Pintor died on 27 December 2020 in Ozieri, Italy at the age of 83.

## References
Carmen Calvo

**María del Carmen Calvo Poyato** (born 9 June 1957) is a Spanish politician and author. She became the Deputy Prime Minister of Spain in June 2018 and Minister of the Presidency, Relations with the Cortes and Equality in January 2020. Calvo is a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party. 

Calvo was born in Cabra, Spain. She studied at University of Seville and the University of Córdoba.

From 2004 until 2011, she was a member of the Congress of Deputies. In 2019, she was re-elected to the congress.

On 25 March 2020, Calvo tested positive for COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. She made a recovery from the illness in May 2020.

## References
Cooper pair

A **Cooper pair** is a pair of free electrons within a solid that act together as one quasiparticle. In large numbers they cause superconductivity.

Physicists explain superconductivity by describing what happens when temperatures get cold. The thermal energy in a solid or liquid shakes the atoms so they randomly vibrate, but this gets less as the temperature drops. Electrons carry the same negative electric charge which makes them repel each other. At higher temperatures each unbound electron behaves as if it were a free particle. There is a very weak attraction between electrons when they are in any solid or liquid. This is due to the way bound electrons distort the spacing of the atomic structure they find themselves in. At relatively rather large distances (many hundreds of nanometers apart) and low temperatures (near absolute zero), the attractive effect and lack of thermal energy allows pairs of electrons to hang together. This is called a cooper pair and it is a quasiparticle. It acts as if it were a new kind of particle in its own right even though it is made up of two fundamental electrons. 

Many overlapping cooper pairs can exist in the same nanometer sized space. Since paired electrons constitute a boson the motions of all of the cooper pairs within a single superconductor synchronise.  They function as if they are a single entity. This is known as the Bose–Einstein condensation. The Cooper pairs  form this condensate, which is superfluid or super-conducting.  Small disturbances such as scattering of electrons are forbidden in this state  as long as the temperature remains low.  It moves as one showing no resistance to its motion. It is a superconductor.
Mike Sutton (footballer)

**Michael John Sutton** (5 October 1944 &ndash; 26 December 2020) was an English professional footballer. He was born in Norwich, England. His playing career lasted from 1962 to 1984. He played for Norwich City, Chester City, Carlisle United and Great Yarmouth Town.

Sutton died of dementia-related problems on 26 December 2020 at the age of 76.

## References
Alfonso Guerra

**Alfonso Guerra González** (born 31 May 1940) is a Spanish politician. From 1982 to 1991, he was Deputy Prime Minister of Spain.

## References
2020 Nashville bombing

On December 25, 2020, a recreational vehicle (RV) exploded in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States, injuring three people and damaging many buildings. 

Human remains were found at the site of the explosion.

Many people heard gunshots, and loudspeakers on the vehicle telling people to evacuate before the explosion happened. 

The explosion was felt many miles away from the crime site. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is leading the investigation. 

Authorities said the next day that the attack was likely a suicide bombing. The FBI searched his home in Nashville on December 26. However it was later confirmed that the perpetrator of the bombing, Anthony Quinn Warner, was killed in the explosion.

## References
Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón

**Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón** (born 18 June 1940) is a Spanish jurist and politician. He is a member of the Union of the Democratic Centre until 1982, then of People's Alliance and the People's Party. 

He is one of the "Fathers of the Constitution", the seven politicians who were part of the draft of the Spanish constitution in 1978.

## References
Rodolfo Martín Villa

**Rodolfo Martín Villa** (born 3 October 1934) is a Spanish engineer and politician. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Spain from 1981 to 1982.

He is being investigated in Argentina for murder and crimes against humanity during the 1976 Vitoria massacre.

## References
Joaquín Almunia

**Joaquín Almunia Amann** (born 17 June 1948) is a Spanish politician. He was President of the European Commissioner for Competition (2009–2014). 

From 1997 to 2000, he was the leader of the opposition as secretary general of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.

## References
Antonio Hernández Mancha

**Antonio Hernández Mancha** (born 1 April 1951) is a Spanish politician, lawyer and businessman. He was president of the People's Alliance political party and Spain's Leader of the Opposition from 1987 to 1989.

## References
## Other websites
* Article published by Hernández Mancha in *El País*
* El PP ya tiene muertos en el armario: el ‘fantasma’ de Antonio Hernández Mancha (article published in *El Confidencial*)
Leader of the Opposition (Spain)

The **Leader of the Opposition** () is an unofficial honorary title held by the leader of the largest party in the Congress of Deputies—the lower house of the Spanish parliament.

## List of opposition leaders
## Notes
People's Party (Spain)

The '''People's Party** ( ; known mostly by its acronym, **PP''' ) is a conservative political party in Spain.

The People's Party was founded in 1989 from the People's Alliance (AP). This party was created as a more centre-right party instead of a far-right party.

## References
Cabra, Spain

**Cabra** is a town in Córdoba province, Andalusia, Spain. About 20,940 lived here in 2005.

## References
April 2019 Spanish general election

The **April 2019 Spanish general election** was held on Sunday, 28 April 2019, to elect the 13th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate.

With a turnout of 71.8%, the controlling party PSOE of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez won a victory—the first for the party in a nationwide election in eleven years—with 28.7% of the vote and 123 seats. In the Senate, the PSOE became the largest party in the chamber for the first time since 1995, winning its first majority of seats in that chamber since the 1989 election. 

However, no party won an outright majority and the top three winners of this race had the option for a coalition government. To prevent this, Prime Minister Sánchez ordered a new election to be held seven months later.

## Notelist
## References
2023 Spanish general election

The **2023 Spanish general election** were held in 23 July 2023, after an electoral advance of the Spanish prime minister Pedro Sánchez, to elect the 15th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain.

All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate.

## Polling
## Notes
## References
Yuichiro Hata

was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party of Japan. He was a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet from 1999 until his death. Hata was born in Tokyo.

He was the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism from June 4, 2012 until December 26, 2012 during the Yoshihiko Noda cabinet. Hata was the son of Prime Minister Tsutomu Hata. 

Hata died in Tokyo on December 27, 2020 after being hospitalized with a fever, aged 53. He was about to be tested for COVID-19 at the time of his death.

## References
Josep Tarradellas

**Josep Tarradellas i Joan** (), 1st Marquess of Tarradellas (1899 in Cervelló, Baix Llobregat – 1988 in Barcelona) was a Spanish politician. He was President of Catalonia from 1954 to 1980.

## References
José Montilla

**José Montilla Aguilera** (born 15 January 1955 in Iznájar, Córdoba, Spain) is a Spanish politician who is currently a member of the Spanish Senate.  He was the 128th President of Generalitat de Catalunya.

## References
President of the Government of Catalonia

The **president of the Government of Catalonia** (, ) is one of the main parts of government that make up the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia. The president also is head of government of Catalonia.

The current acting president is Salvador Illa since 8 August 2024.

## Presidents (since 1977)
## References
Artur Mas

**Artur Mas i Gavarró** (; born 31 January 1956) is a Spanish politician. He was president of the Government of Catalonia from 2010 to 2015 and acting president from September 2015 to 12 January 2016.

## References
Happiness pump

A **happiness pump** is an idea in philosophy.  A happiness pump is someone who will do anything to make other people happy even if it makes them very unhappy themselves.  They have turned themselves into a machine (a "pump") that makes happiness.

The happiness pump is a way of showing problems in utilitarianism.  Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy. It is a way of deciding which actions are good and which are bad. In utilitarianism, actions that make more happiness or stop pain are good.  Actions that stop happiness or make pain are bad.  In utilitarianism, it does not matter who is becoming happier or feeling less pain.  That means that, in utilitarianism, helping strangers is good.  The happiness pump is a person who has taken utilitarianism too far and will give themselves lots of pain so long as they believe it makes other people somewhere in the world much happier.

## In popular culture
A happiness pump character is on one episode of the television show *The Good Place*.

## Related pages
*Thought experiment

## References
Southeast Region, Brazil

**Southeast Brazil** () is one of five official regions in Brazil.  It borders South Brazil, Center-West Brazil, and Northeast Brazil.  It makes 60% of Brazil's gross domestic product.  Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro,  Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo  are all in Southeast Brazil.

## References
Oriol Junqueras

**Oriol Junqueras i Vies** (; born 11 April 1969) is a Spanish politician, historian and academic.

He was mayor of Sant Vicenç dels Horts. He was Vice President of Catalonia from January 2016 to October 2017. He is president of the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC). 

## References
Inés Arrimadas

**Inés Arrimadas García** (; born 3 July 1981) is a Spanish lawyer and politician. She has been a member of the Congress of Deputies since 2019 and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress. In 2020, she was elected party leader.

## Early life and career 
Arrimadas is the youngest of five children. She was born to Rufino Arrimadas García and Inés García López. They were from a town called Salmoral, in the Province of Salamanca. She moved to Barcelona in 2008.

She went to a Catholic school called Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Jerez de la Frontera. She became interested in Catalonia because she liked FC Barcelona. She started learning Catalan from a classmate in 7th and 8th grade and learned the team's song. When she moved to Barcelona, her work paid for her to take Catalan classes. She speaks Spanish, Catalan, English, and French.

At 18, she began studying law at Pablo de Olavide University. She also studied international business at IPAG Business School in Nice through the Erasmus programme.

When she was 24, she worked for a year and a half in the petrochemical industry. Then she worked as a consultant at D'Aleph in Barcelona for six years, after moving there in 2008.

## Politics 
### Parliament of Catalonia 
In 2010, a coworker invited Arrimadas to a Citizens event at the Romea Theatre. She went to the event and then started attending more meetings of the political party. In one of these meetings, Albert Rivera, the leader of Citizens, saw her potential. In 2011, he asked her to join the Youth Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia and offered her a job in the party’s leadership.

Arrimadas was elected to the Parliament of Catalonia in the 2012 election. In 2015, she became the spokeswoman for the party, replacing Jordi Cañas. That same year, she became the leader of the party for the September 27 elections. Citizens won 17.9% of the vote, increasing their seats from 9 to 25. She became the Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of Catalonia.

In 2017, a woman threatened Arrimadas with violence for her views on Catalan independence. The woman was given a suspended jail sentence.

In the 2017 elections, Citizens won the most seats, but pro-independence parties still had more seats in the parliament. There were false rumors that Arrimadas' father was a secret agent for the Francoist regime, but this was not true. Arrimadas also said that Lluís Companys was not executed by the Spanish state, but by the Francoist regime.

### Congress of Deputies 
In 2019, after Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved the Cortes Generales, Arrimadas decided to run for a seat in the Spanish Parliament. In the April 2019 election, Citizens won 12% of the vote, gaining 4 seats, one of which was Arrimadas'. In the November 2019 election, Citizens' vote dropped to 6%, and they won 2 seats, but Arrimadas kept her seat.

On March 8, 2020, Arrimadas was chosen as the leader of Citizens, winning 77% of the vote in a race with two other candidates.

## References
November 2019 Spanish general election

The **November 2019 Spanish general election** was held on Sunday, 10 November 2019, to elect the 14th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate.

Voter turnout was the lowest since 1975. The opposition party People's Party (PP) won a few seats while the far-right Vox party won many seats, taking away from the Citizens (Cs). 

However, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party won the majority of the seats and popular vote and formed a coalition government with the Unidas Podemos party.

## Notes
## References
Tom and Jerry: The Movie

***Tom and Jerry: The Movie*** (also known as ***Tom and Jerry: The Great Escape***) is an 1993 German-American animated comedy-adventure musical family movie directed by Phil Roman produced by Film Roman and Turner Entertainment, distributed by Miramax Films, released in Germany by October 1, 1992 and United States on July 30, 1993. as the first film's installment of the Tom and Jerry Movie trilogy, with few direct-to-video sequels then.

## Voice cast 
* Richard Kind as Tom Cat
* Dana Hill as Jerry Mouse
* Anndi McAfee as Robyn Starling
* Ed Gilbert as Puggsy
* David Lander as Frankie Da Flea
* Charlotte Rae as Aunt Pristine Figg 
* Tony Jay as Lickboot
* Rip Taylor as Captain Kiddie
* Howard Morris as Squawk
* Henry Gibson as Dr. Applecheek
* Michael Bell as Ferdinand, Straycatcher 1/Larry
* Sydney Lassick as Straycatcher 2/Sid
* Don Messick as Droopy
Additional voices include Raymond McLeod as Bulldog, Alley Cat 1, Scott Wohjahn as Alley Cat 3, Mitchell D. Moore as Alley Cat 2, Greg Burson, BJ Ward, Tino Insana.
Beyond the Forest

***Beyond the Forest*** is a 1949 American crime drama movie directed by King Vidor and was based on the novel of the same name by Stuart Engstrand. It stars Bette Davis, Joseph Cotten, David Brian, Ruth Roman, Minor Watson, Regis Toomey and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1950.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
New York's 21st congressional district

'''New York's 21st congressional district''' is a congressional district in the state of New York in the United States of America. As of the 2020 United States presidential election Republican representative Elise Stefanik is the current representative for the district. The district is the largest district in New York and is made up of the entire counties of, Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, Warren, and Washington. Parts of Herkimer and Saratoga counties are also part of the 21st district.

## Recent election results 
## References
Ólafur Darri Ólafsson

**Ólafur Darri Ólafsson** (born 13 March 1973) is an Icelandic actor, producer and screenwriter. He is known for roles in movies such as *Children* (2006), *The Deep* (2012), *The Secret Life of Walter Mitty* (2013) and *The Vanishing* (2018). His television work includes shows such as *Trapped* and *Lady Dynamite*.

Ólafur was born in Connecticut, United States, the son of Icelandic parents. He holds dual citizenship of Iceland and the United States. He has two children with dancer Lovísa Ósk Gunnarsdóttir.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tostig Godwinson

**Tostig Godwinson** lived in England in the 11th century and was the younger brother of King Harold II. He was the third son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and his Danish wife, Gytha, who was the daughter of Thorkell Sprakaleg.

Tostig, his father and his brothers were banished from England in 1051 by King Edward the Confessor but returned in 1052. After Siward, Earl of Northumbria, died three years later, Tostig was appointed Earl of Northumbria, Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire.

Tostig rebelled against Harold and fought alongside the Danish forces at the Battle of Stamford Bridge but died in battle.

## References
Munchos

**Munchos** are a potato chips snack food. They are manufactured from dehydrated potatoes by Frito-Lay. 

Munchos are somewhat similar to Lay's Stax and Pringles. These are also made with dried potatoes. They are kosher.

The chips were first made in 1969.

## References
John André

Major **John André** (b. 1750 - d. 1780) was a British officer during the American War for Independence who helped Benedict Arnold change sides to the British Army and tried to take West Point for the British. André was executed for being a spy.

## Early life
André was born in 1750 in London.

His parents were Huguenots,who were Protestants who had lived in France. When the French government made Protestantism illegal, many Huguenots went to other countries. André's mother went to England when she was young.  His mother had been born in France, and his father had been born in Geneva, Switzerland. André's father was a merchant and earned money by buying and selling things.

## Army career
André joined the army on March 4, 1771. He had special training in Germany for two years. In 1774, he went to Canada with the Royal Welch Fusiliers. He was a lieutenant at the time. André helped defend Fort Saint-Jean from the Patriot Army. The siege lasted two months, and the British lost.

There is another monument in Tappan, New York.

## In popular culture
A fictional John André is in the television series *Turn*.

## References
Lay's Stax

'''Lay's Stax''' is a potato chip snack food. It was produced by Frito-Lay. It was introduced in 2003 as a direct competition to Pringles.

Lay's Stax potato chips are heavier and thicker than Pringles. The shape of Stax is a simple curve called a hyperbolic cylinder. Pringles are formed into a double-curve.

## References
Bearberry

**Bearberry** is the name for three species of  small woody plants in the heath family, Ericaceae. They grow well in cold places. Each species has subspecies. They can grow well in poor soil (for example soil that is mostly sand). 

They have edible fruit. Their leaves are sometimes used for folk medicine. The common name comes from the fact that bears often eat them.

## Species 
The three species are:

* **Alpine bearberry**, *Arctostaphylos alpina*: Grows in the Alps, and is 10-30cm high.
* **Red bearberry**, *Arctostaphylos  rubra*: Grows in the mountains in Sichuan province, China, Siberia, Alaska, and northern Canada.  Leaves fall offf in autumn. Also 10-30cm high. Fruit are red.
* **Common bearberry**, *Arctostaphylos uva-ursi:* Common in the northern Hemisphere. This is what most people refer to as 'bearberry'.

## References
Barbara Rose

**Barbara Ellen Rose** (June 11, 1936 – December 25, 2020) was an American art historian, art critic, curator, college professor, and filmmaker. She was born in Washington, D.C.. She wrote the screenplay for the 1977 documentary *North Star: Mark di Suvero*. Rose wrote for *Vogue*, *Art in America*, *Artforum*, and *Partisan Review*.

Rose died on December 25, 2020, from problems caused by breast cancer in Concord, New Hampshire, aged 84.

## References
Bronisława Kowalska

**Bronisława Kowalska** (1955 – 26 December 2020) was a Polish politician. She was a Deputy from 1993 to 2005 and was a Member of the European Parliament in 2004. Kowalska was born in Starachowice, Poland.

Kowalska died on 26 December 2020 from COVID-19 in Warsaw at the age of 65.

## References
José Luiz Carbone

**José Luiz Carbone** (22 March 1946 – 27 December 2020) was a Brazilian footballer and coach. He was born in São Paulo. He played for São Paulo, Ponte Preta, Metropol, Internacional, Botafogo and Nacional (SP).

He played for the Brazilian national team from 1973 to 1974 making six appearances.

Carbone died of liver cancer in hospital in Campinas, Brazil on 27 December 2020 at the age of 74.

## References
Marian Jochman

**Marian Gerard Jochman** (2 February 1935 – 27 December 2020) was a Polish long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Jochman died on 27 December 2020 at the age of 85.

## References
Antonio Velasco Piña

**Antonio Velasco Piña** (8 September 1935 – 27 December 2020) was a Mexican novelist, spiritual writer and essayist. He was the founder of La Nueva Mexicanidad, a group supporting Aztec religion. He was born in Buenavista de Cuellar, Guerrero.

Velasco Piña died on 27 December 2020 in Mexico City at the age of 85.

## Works
* *Anibal y Escipion* (2013) 
* *San Judas Tadeo* (2010) 
* *Cartas a Elizabeth*
* *Dos Guerreros Olmecas*
**Regina - Dos de octubre no se olvida* (1987)
**El despertar de Teotihuacan* (1994)
**Tlacaelel, El Azteca entre los Aztecas*
* *La mujer dormida debe dar a luz*
* *El retorno de lo sagrado*
**El círculo negro. El grupo secreto detrás del poder en México* (2006)

## References
Phil Niekro

**Philip Henry Niekro** ( ; April 1, 1939&nbsp;– December 26, 2020), nicknamed "**Knucksie**", was an American baseball pitcher. He played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves. He played with New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians and Toronto Blue Jays.

Niekro was honored into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997. He was born in Blaine, Ohio.

Niekro died of cancer on December 26, 2020 in Flowery Branch, Georgia at the age of 81.

## References
Hugo Travers

**Heinrich Travers** (born 6 April 1997 in Versailles), also known as **HugoDécrypte**, is a French journalist and YouTuber.

Hugo Travers is known for his YouTube videos which feature daily news updates in French, and more detailed videos on his second channel.

On September 22, 2025, Hugo Travers announced the launch of an office in the French-speaking province of Quebec, Canada, to offer "quality, local information to its subscribers".

## References
Dodie Stevens

**Dodie Stevens** (born **Geraldine Ann Pasquale**; February 17, 1946) is an American pop and rock singer. She's best known for her 1959 song "Pink Shoe Laces". It began at #96 on the United States *Billboard* Hot 100. It peaked at #3 on the chart.

Other Stevens songs are "Merry, Merry Christmas Baby."

Stevens was born in Chicago, Illinois. She and her family moved to the San Gabriel Valley in California when she was a child. 

## References
Pease Township, Belmont County, Ohio

**Pease Township** is one of sixteen townships of Belmont County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census showed 12,849 people living in the township.

## References
Flowery Branch, Georgia

**Flowery Branch** is a city in Hall County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had 9,391 people living here.

## References
Margaret Weis

**Margaret Weis** (March 16, 1948 &ndash; ) was an American fantasy and science fiction writer and author of dozens of novels and short stories. She is one of the creators of the *Dragonlance* game world.

## Dragonlance 
In 1983, Weis signed up for a job as games editor at TSR Inc. She didn't get that job. She was, however, hired as book editor. She worked in the TSR book division until 1986.

Weis was born in Independence, Missouri. She now lives in Wisconsin.

## References
Blaine, Ohio

**Blaine** is an unincorporated community in northern Pease Township, Belmont County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office, with the ZIP code of 43909.

## References
Motorola Mobility

**Motorola**, whose corporate name is **Motorola Mobility LLC**, is an American telecommunications and consumer electronics company, a subsidiary of the Chinese technology conglomerate Lenovo. The company primarily manufactures smartphones and other mobile devices running the Android operating system.

In 2011, Motorola Inc. was split into two independent franchises. Motorola Mobility was created as a spin-off of Motorola's former phone arm, while Motorola Solutions retained the equipment business, such as servers and telecommunications networks, after the original name was renamed. Therefore, the direct legal successor to Motorola Inc. is **Motorola Solutions**.

## References
Arbutus

**Arbutus** is a genus of flowering plants in the Ericaceae family. There are 12 species, which mostly grow around the Mediterranean, and in Central America. The type species is Arbutus unedo, which is known as strawberry tree in English. All species are either trees or shrubs.

Certain Lepidoptera species use Arbutus as food. Some species are cultivated as ornamental plants outside their range.
Murder of Dee Dee Blanchard

On June 14, 2015, **Clauddine "Dee Dee" Blanchard** was found murdered in the bedroom of her house in Springfield, Missouri. Her body was lying on the bed covered in blood from stab wounds which were caused days earlier. 

Dee Dee's daughter Gypsy Rose, was not in the house at the time the body's discovery. 

The following day, police found Gypsy Rose in Wisconsin, where she had traveled with her boyfriend Nicholas Godejohn.  

Godejohn and Gypsy planned and killed Dee Dee while she was sleeping. afterward they called a cab to take them to a hotel. Gypsy sent Godejohn out to wait in the cab, while she remained in the house with Dee Dees body for 45 minutes. There is a lot of speculation about her staging the crime scene while she was alone with her mother's body. Gypsy has refused to comment on these accusations.  

Gypsy Rose was given a plea of second-degree murder and  served 7.5 years of a 10 year sentence. After a brief trial in November 2018 Godejohn was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

After serving 85% of her sentence, Gypsy Rose was released from prison on December 28, 2023. and has gone on to have a reality TV series. She has stirred up drama via social media and has become known as a pathological liar, which leaves many people questioning the claims she made about being abused.  Most people believe Gypsy lied about her mother having muncheausens by proxy to cover for the real reason she enlisted a developmentally delayed, Nicholas Godejohn to help murder her. Some believe the real reason is because GRB is a sexually deviant abuser, herself and that Dee Dee was planning to tell the truth about all the scams that Gypsy was most likely forcing her to facilitate.  It is believed that Gypsy wanted to create another scenario that would make the public feel sorry for her and also allow her to indulge in her deviant fantasies, while still appearing to the public, to be sick and now totally helpless, without her beloved mother to care for her. 

## References
A Star Is Burns

"**A Star Is Burns**" is the 18th episode of the 6th season of ***The Simpsons***. It was first shown on the Fox network on March 5, 1995.

## Other websites 
*
*
*
While the City Sleeps (1956 movie)

***While the City Sleeps*** is a 1956 American crime thriller movie directed by Fritz Lang and was based on the 1953 novel *The Bloody Spur* by Charles Einstein. It stars Dana Andrews, Rhonda Fleming, George Sanders, Howard Duff, Thomas Mitchell, Vincent Price, John Drew Barrymore and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Lava lamp

*Astro* lava lamp]]
A **lava lamp** is a decorative lamp, invented in 1963 by British entrepreneur Edward Craven Walker, who made the lighting company Mathmos. The lamp usually takes 2 to 6 hours to heat up, but this also depends on the light bulb which is heating the wax. The lamps are designed in a variety of styles and colours, for example, a mixture of blue and red. The wax inside usually reflects the colours.
Arthur Berckmans

**Arthur Berckmans** (3 May 1929 – 28 December 2020), better known as **Berck**, was a Belgian comics writer. He wrote *Sammy*. He was born in Leuven, Belgium. He retired in 1994. He also worked on *Zonneland*.

Berckmans died on 28 December 2020 at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Dobsonian telescope

in the early 1980s]]

A **Dobsonian telescope** is a Newtonian telescope design.

It is "altazimuth-mounted".  An **altazimuth** or **alt-azimuth mount** is a simple two-axis mount. It supports and rotates an instrument about two perpendicular axes – one vertical and the other horizontal. 

Rotation about the vertical axis varies the compass bearing of where the instrument points (the azimuth). Rotation about the horizontal axis varies the altitude (angle of elevation) of the pointing direction.

It was popularised by John Dobson in 1965. It increased the size of telescopes for amateur astronomers. Dobson's telescopes had a simplified mechanical design that was easy to make from readily available components. It made a large, portable, low-cost telescope. 

The design works for looking at faint, deep-sky objects such as nebulae and galaxies. This type of observation needs a large objective diameter (i.e. light-gathering power) of relatively short focal length. It can be taken to less light-polluted places.

## References
Maria Gąsienica Bukowa-Kowalska

**Maria Gąsienica Bukowa-Kowalska** (2 January 1936 &ndash; 27 December 2020) was a Polish cross-country skier. She competed in the women's 10 km and the women's 3 × 5 km relay events at the 1956 Winter Olympics. Bukowa-Kowalska was born in Kościelisko, Poland.

Bukowa-Kowalska died on 27 December 2020 at the age of 84.

## References
San Gabriel Valley

The **San Gabriel Valley** is one of the main valleys in Southern California. It lies generally to the east of Los Angeles. The surrounding areas include:

* The San Gabriel Mountains to the north

* San Rafael Hills to the west

* Puente Hills to the south, with the coastal plain of Orange County beyond

* Chino Hills and San Jose Hills to the east, with the Pomona Valley and Inland Empire beyond

The San Gabriel Valley gets its name from the San Gabriel River.

Pasadena is the largest city in the valley. 

## Cities and communities 
 is highlighted in red on the right.]]
The San Gabriel Valley is in Los Angeles County. The incorporated cities and unincorporated neighborhoods of the San Gabriel Valley include:

* Altadena
* Alhambra
* Arcadia
* Avocado Heights
* Azusa
* Baldwin Park
* Bassett
* Bradbury
* Charter Oak
* Citrus
* City of Industry
* Claremont
* Covina
* Diamond Bar
* Duarte
* East Pasadena
* El Monte
* Glendora
* Hacienda Heights
* Hillgrove
* Irwindale
* La Puente
* La Verne
* Los Angeles (El Sereno)
* Mayflower Village
* Monrovia
* Monterey Park
* North El Monte
* Pasadena
* Pomona
* Rosemead
* Rowland Heights
* San Dimas
* San Gabriel
* San Marino
* San Pasqual
* Sierra Madre
* South El Monte
* South Pasadena
* South San Gabriel
* South San Jose Hills
* Temple City
* Valinda
* Vincent
* Walnut
* West Covina
* West Puente Valley

## References
Chris Wilder

**Christopher John Wilder** (born 23 September 1967) is an English professional football manager who had played as a right-back. He is the manager of EFL Championship club Sheffield United.

## References
Yaël Braun-Pivet

**Yaël Braun-Pivet** (born 7 December 1970 in Nancy) is a French lawyer, activism associative and politician. She was the Minister of the Overseas from May 2022 to June 2022.

Yaël was member of the Socialist Party (PS) and then of En Marche (now La République en Marche). She was elected as member of the national assembly on 18 June 2017, as a representative for the department of Yvelines.

She is Chair of the Committee on Constitutional Laws, Legislation and the General Administration of the Republic in the French National Assembly.

## Personal life
Braun-Pivet is married and has five children.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Armando Manzanero

**Armando Manzanero Canché** (7 December 1935 – 28 December 2020) was a Mexican bolero singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He was born in Mérida, Yucatán. His career began in 1950. His record label was RCA Records. His best known singles were: "Somos Novios (It's Impossible)", "Mía" and "Adoro".

In 2014, Manzanero was honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

On 17 December 2020, Manzanero was hospitalized in Mexico City after being diagnosed with COVID-19. He died five days later from the infection, aged 85.

## References