open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Internet café

An **Internet café** (also called a **Cybercafé**) is a type of café. It is a business that provides Internet access to the public, usually for a fee. It also sells coffee and food. Internet cafés were introduced in the 1990s. The spread of modern-style cafés to many places, urban and rural, went hand in hand with computers. Many Internet cafés offer wireless Internet or have computers customers can use. They also offer telephones and newspapers. Internet café users need to be aware they have less security than most private networks. They are also more exposed to malicious software, also called 'malware'.

## References
X-DuckX

***X-DuckX*** is an animated children's television series. The program was directed by François Reczulski in 2001. It was made by Alphanim, France 3, YTV, Super Écran and Tooncan Productions, Inc.. The series has 78 episodes.

The series tells the story of two wacky and dangerous ducks, Slax and Geextah. They are fans of extreme sports . In France, the series was first broadcast on France 3 in 2002 before being broadcast on Jetix (formerly Fox Kids) from 2004 to 2006. In Canada, *X-DuckX* was broadcast on Super Écran and YTV.
Black Point

**Jonás Joaquín Ortiz Alberto** (born in 1989), is better known by his stage name **Black Point** (sometimes **El Negro** or **Black Jonas Point**). He is a Dominican rapper, songwriter and producer. Ortiz, along with Del Patio and Pitbull, wrote and performed the song "Watagatapitusberry". This song reached number 30 in the US Billboard Latin Songs chart and number 13 in the US Billboard Tropical Songs chart.

## Biography
Black Point was born in Santo Domingo, in the Dominican Republic. He was only 8 when he started to get interested in hip hop music and start writing rap songs. His manager, Big W One, was the person that produced and record his debut song of rap on the 2000. On 2008 Black Point arrives to the Dominican Republic's radio stations gaining so much fame with themes like *"Mi mujer no era mala"*, *"Amigo"* and the famous collaboration of hip hop Dominican culture, *"Capea El Dough: All Stars"*.

## Discography
### Singles
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Black Point discography at MusicBrainz
*
June Squibb

**June Louise Squibb** (born November 6, 1929) is an American actress. She has played supporting roles in movies like *Alice*, *Scent of a Woman*, *The Age of Innocence*, *In & Out*, and *Far from Heaven*. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for *Nebraska* in 2013.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
The Simpsons: Tapped Out

***The Simpsons: Tapped Out*** was a  mobile game based on The Simpsons released in 2012 published and developed by Electronic Arts for Twentieth Century Fox and Gracie Films. Homer destroyed the entire city of Springfield. He sat and played The Happy Little Elves Game during working hours while Springfield's nuclear power plant suffered a meltdown. Homer begins then with the help of Lisa build a new Springfield. The game was released on 17 February 2012 for iOS and one for Android was released later in 2012. On 3 March 2012 the game was taken away from App Store one for a short period, when it was discovered that app had some bugs. The game features voice dialogue from the actor for the TV series.  The script for the game is written by the authors of the series.

## The game
The player's task is to place the buildings and other objects in Springfield and give residents in the town of tasks to do. Every time something starts to be built or a task is started, it takes some time for the task to be completed. After it is finished the player receives a reward XP points and money, sometimes also added new features to the game. There are two currencies in the game, dollars and donuts. Donuts are game premium currency and given only occasionally free, otherwise they cost real money. Some things in the game costing dollars, while others donuts. The player can visit other players' versions of Springfield to get more points and dollars. The total friends player can have is 100 friends.

Seasonal updates are released, which have special content and events.

## Reception
slidetoplay.com gave the game the highest rating, and like references to the Simpsons in the game and how fun and addictive it is. They do not like, however, that some popular stuff is premium content. CNET have compared the game with Sim City while IGN compared the game with Farmville and did not like 300 donuts cost 20 real dollars when there are games for iOS for 1-3 dollars so it makes no sense to pay over 10 dollars for a building. Macworld in Australia thought it was irritating that the player can only see the game from one angle but says that the replica characters cause much laughter.

## References
## Other websites
*The Simpsons: Tapped Out on ea.com
Janakkala

**Janakkala** is a municipality in Finland. 16,881 people lived there in 2013. Population centers: Turenki, Tervakoski, Leppäkoski and a village called Tarinmaa.

Neighbour municipalities, in south: Hausjärvi, Loppi and Riihimäki. Hämeenlinna is on the north.

It was founded in 1866.

## Coat of arms
Janakkalas coat of arms has been designed by Onni Oja in 1950.

## Villages
26 villages:

## Known people
* Tuomas Kyrö, writer
* Ida Aalberg, actor
* Olavi Borg, professor
* Laiska Leppone, rap-musician
* Reko Lundán, writer
* Timo Mäenpää, musician
* Kustaa Paturi, poetry and agonist
* A. P. Sarjanto, songwriter

## Other websites 
* The official Janakkala page
Erotic thriller

An **erotic thriller** is a form of the thriller genre that involves sexuality. Many people liked this from around 1984-85 until the early 1990s. After that, not as many people liked it. It is, however, still popular.

An erotic thriller can be a book, a movie, or a television program. Examples of erotic thriller movies are *Basic Instinct*, *Color of Night*, *Single White Female* (1992), *Body of Evidence*, *Crash* (1996) and *Basic Instinct 2* (2006).

## References
Michael Jackson (writer)

**Michael Jackson** (March 27, 1942 &ndash; August 30, 2007) nicknamed "Beer Hunter" was a famous British writer. He was known for being an expert about beer.

It was revealed in December 2006 that Michael Jackson "is and has been suffering for at least a decade from Parkinson's Disease." He also suffered from diabetes. Michael Jackson died of a heart attack in his home the morning of 30 August 2007 at the age of 65 in London.

## References
## Other websites
*Obituary, *The Independent*, 3 September 2007 
*Obituary, *The Times*, 5 September 2007 
*'Lives Remembered' The Times
*Remembering Michael Jackson, The Brewers Association
*Michael Jackson's Life and Death, *All about Beer* 
*'Michael Jackson's Rare Beer Club'
Deterrence (legal)

In law, the term **deterrence** is used to describe the situation where punishment or threat is used to keep people from committing a crime. Both the person who committed a crime, as well as other people should be kept from committing that kind of crime. 

## Related pages 
*Criminal law
Magnesium sulfate

**Magnesium sulfate** is a chemical compound that contains magnesium, sulfur and oxygen. Its formula is MgSO4.

Magnesium sulfate is used as a brewing salt in beer.

## Properties
Magnesium sulfate is soluble in water.

## References
*http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20M)/MAGNESIUM%20SULFATE.html
*http://www.webmd.com/baby/magnesium-sulfate-for-preterm-labor
*http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm354603.htm
The War of the Worlds

***The War of the Worlds*** is a 1898 science fiction book by H. G. Wells. It is about Martians attacking Earth. It has inspired movies including *War of the Worlds* (2005 movie).

A 1938 radio broadcast version by Orson Welles frightened many people, who thought it was real even though a warning at the start said it was fiction.

## Plot
The book is set in Britain at the turn of the 19th century and is told by a first-person narrator. The Martians are jealous of Earth’s more livable environment and launch themselves to Earth in capsules fired from cannons. They easily defeat the human military with their giant war machines, aircraft, poison gas, and heat rays. The narrator travels through the now ruined Britain and encounters invasive alien plants, Martian robots, and the Martians themselves-- who are strange slug-like beings with tentacles who feed on human blood. Eventually, the Martian invasion is stopped when the Martians become infected by Earth germs that they have no immunity to and die.
Bert Williams

**Bert Frederick Williams** MBE (31 January 1920 – 19 January 2014) was an English international football goalkeeper. Nicknamed **"The Cat"**, he spent the majority of his playing career at Wolverhampton Wanderers where he won the League Championship and FA Cup. At the time of his death Williams was the oldest living England international.

## References
## Other websites
*England Profile
Lamborghini Aventador

The **Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4** is a supercar made by Lamborghini. It replaced the Lamborghini Murciélago. The name Aventador comes from a fighting bull. The Aventador is also the base of the Lamborghini Veneno, a limited production hypercar.

## Overview 
As with the Murciélago model, the Maternal company Audi used the bullfight concept. In the advertising materials of Lamborghini, it was said that Aventador is a bull who became famous after one of the most bloody battles in Zaragoza, for which he received a "*Trofeo de la Peña La Madroñera"* which was prestigious award for courage in the arena. *LP 700-4* means technical equipment of the car, where 700 is power in hp, and 4 is a full drive.

## References
Aletia

***Aletia*** is a genus of moths. It is part of the Noctuidae family.

## Species 
* *A. argentaria* (Howes, 1945)
* *A. cucullina* Guenee
* *A. cuneata* (Philpott, 1916)
* *A. cyanopetra* (Meyrick, 1927)
* *A. dentata* (Philpott, 1923)
* *A. empyrea* (Hudson, 1918)
* *A. falsidica* (Meyrick, 1911)
* *A. falsidica hamiltoni* (Hampson, 1913)
* *A. fibriata* (Meyrick, 1913)
* *A. inconstans* (Butler, 1880)
* *A. lacustris* (Meyrick, 1934)
* *A. mitis* (Butler, 1877)
* *A. moderata* (Walker, 1865)
* *A. obsecrata* (Meyrick, 1914)
* *A. panda* (Philpott, 1920)
* *A. probenota* (Howes, 1945)
* *A. sistens* (Guenée, 1868)
* *A. sollennis* (Meyrick, 1914)
* *A. temperata* (Walker, 1858)
* *A. virescens* (Butler, 1879)

## References 
## Other websites 
*Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Audi R8

The **Audi R8** is a V10 sports car produced by the German company Audi, for the first time introduced in 2006 at the Paris Motor Show.

## Overview 
Model R8, as well as a number of other Audi auto models, is manufactured at the Quattro GmbH plant which is a subsidiary of the German company for the production of Audi AG cars, which is part of the Volkswagen AG concern. The enterprise is based in Neckculum, near Stuttgart.

The design of the car was developed by the Italian automobile designer Valter de Valva and his design team. 

Audi R8 is available to have two people inside.

The new Audi R8 of the second generation was shown on March 3, 2015 at the Geneva Motor Show.

In 2020, the Audi R8 received an updated engine line.

## References
Azaria Alon

**Azaria Alon** (November 15, 1918 &ndash; January 19, 2014) was an Israeli environmentalist. He was the co-founder of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI). 

Alon received an Israel Prize for lifetime achievement in 2012. He had previously been cited for the Israel Prize when the SPNI won it in 1980.

Alon died on January 19, 2014 from natural causes, aged 95.

## References
Pete Burns

**Pete Burns** (5 August 1959 – 23 October 2016) was an English singer and reality television personality. He is known for being a member of the band Dead or Alive and for changing his appearance many times with plastic surgery.

## Early life
Burns was born on the Wirral in England to a German mother, Eva. He started school when he was seven.

## Career
In 1980 he created the band Dead or Alive and their first album, *Sophisticated Boom Boom*, was released four years later.  

In 1985, the single "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" from their second album *Youthquake* achieved global fame and has been re-released multiple times. The band was most popular in Japan.  

In 2004, Burns released a single with the Pet Shop Boys. 

In the 2000s, Pete Burns moved away from making music to focus on reality television. In 2006, he appeared on *Celebrity Big Brother* as a contestant, where he survived until the final day and left the house to booing from the audience.  

He appeared on many other shows such as *The Weakest Link*, *Come Dine With Me* and his own documentary *Pete Burns Unspun.* 

## Public image 
Pete Burns was known for his harsh insults and way of speaking which often caused offence to people. Burns had arguments and rivalries with other celebrities such as Boy George (as both were famous LGBT singers) and Jodie Marsh.

His appearance changed a lot between the 1990s and the 2010s because of his love for plastic surgery and he received a lot of attention because of it. Burns once said that he hoped God wouldn't recognise him in heaven. He had over 300 surgeries in his life and many reports said he was addicted to it.

While on *Celebrity Big Brother*, his coat caused a scandal because it was made from fur which was illegal to sell in the UK. The coat was removed from the house for investigation.

## Legal issues 
In 2006, Burns was arrested for attacking his boyfriend, Michael Simpson. He was bailed out of jail by a fan who paid £3,000. Because of the rules of the bail, Burns was banned from London for some time and had to stay in Plymouth with the fan.

## Personal life
Pete Burns was married twice. His first marriage was to Lynne Corlett between 1980 and 2006. In 2007, he married Michael Simpson. 

Many people and fans talked about what Pete Burns' sexuality was and if he was transgender because his appearance was feminine. But Burns said that he was not transgender and didn't like to label his sexuality.

Burns suffered from depression during a lot of his life. 

## Death and legacy 
Burns died in London after a sudden cardiac arrest on 23 October 2016, at the age of 57. His former rival Boy George paid for the funeral. Many celebrities in the UK gave him tributes.

In 2024, an exhibition was opened in his hometown to remember him.

## References
Yakuza

, known also as , are members of transnational organized crime syndicates in Japan. 

Yakuza call themselves ninkyō dantai (chivalrous organizations), while the Japanese media and police call them bōryokudan (violence group). They are the world's largest criminal organization and have about 103,000 members. The three biggest Yakuza families are Yamaguchi-gumi, Sumiyoshi-kai, and Inagawa-kai. During the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, they opened their offices to help refugees and sent dozens of trucks with supplies to affected areas.

## References
## Other websites
* The secret lives of Yakuza women-BBC Reel(Video)
* 101 East – Battling the Yakuza—Al Jazeera (Video)
* FBI What We Investigate - Asian Transnational Organized Crime Groups
* Yakuza Portal site 
* Blood ties: Yakuza daughter lifts lid on hidden hell of gangsters' families
* Crime Library: Yakuza
* Yakuza distribution map 
* Japanese Mayor Shot Dead; CBS News, 17 April 2007
* Yakuza: The Japanese Mafia 
* Yakuza distribution map 
* Yakuza: Kind-hearted criminals or monsters in suits?
Christopher Chataway

**Sir Christopher John Chataway**, PC (31 January 1931 &ndash; 19 January 2014) was a British middle- and long-distance runner, television news broadcaster, and Conservative politician. His stepson is the Conservative MP Charles Walker and his brother-in-law the former Conservative MP Peter Hordern.

He suffered from cancer for the last two and a half years of his life. He died aged 82 at St John's Hospice in north west London.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Sunday Times article 13 December 2009
Ancel Keys

**Ancel Benjamin Keys** (January 26, 1904 – November 20, 2004) was an American scientist. He is known for his research on human nutrition. On January 13, 1961, Keys was featured on the cover of the *Time* magazine.

## Controversies
Keys cherrypicked data in order to make it seem like saturated fats were the reason why heart disease was increasing. He criticized some work against sugars. When fellow scientist John Yudkin said that sugar plays a major role in heart disease, Keys wrote:

It is clear that Yudkin has no theoretical basis or experimental evidence to support his claim for a major influence of dietary sucrose in the [cause] of CHD; his claim that men who have CHD are excessive sugar eaters is nowhere confirmed but is disproved by many studies superior in methodology and/or magnitude to his own; and his  "evidence" from population statistics and time trends will not bear up under the most elementary critical examination. But the propaganda keeps on reverberating ...

Multiple studies have proved Keys wrong. 

## Death
Keys died at 100 years old on November 20, 2004. 

## References
General Mills

**General Mills Inc.** is an American corporation, focused on food products. The company's headquarters are in Golden Valley, Minnesota. It markets many well-known North American brands. Its most well-known products are cereals, such as Cheerios, Trix, and Lucky Charms. The company makes more than 100 of the leading U.S. brands.

## References
Steven Fromholz

**Steven Fromholz** (June 8, 1945 – January 19, 2014) was an American entertainer, poet, singer and songwriter. He was the Poet Laureate of Texas in 2007.

Fromholz was born in Temple, Texas on June 8, 1945. Fromholz began performing while he was serving in the United States Navy during the 1960s. After leaving the Navy, he teamed with Dan McCrimmon to create the group Frummox. 

Fromholz died on January 19, 2014 in a hunting accident when a rifle fell and discharged in El Dorado, Houston, Texas. He was 68 years old.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Division of Wentworth

The **Division of Wentworth** is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was one of the 75 divisions set up in 1901 for the first federal election. The division is named after William Charles Wentworth (1790–1872), an Australian explorer and politician.  In 1813 he crossed the Blue Mountains with Blaxland and Lawson.

The Division, in terms of area, is the smallest in Australia.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Wentworth – Australian Electoral Commission
Brackenheim

**Brackenheim** () is a town in the *Landkreis* (district) of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is  southwest of Heilbronn.
With an area of  of vineyards, it is the biggest grape-growing municipality in Württemberg.

## Gallery 

File:Brackenheim-Pfarrkirche.JPG|Townchurch „St. Jakobus“
File:Brackenheim_Stadtschloss.jpg|Inside the Castle of Brackenheim
File:Brackenheim-HeussMuseum.JPG|Museum for Theodor Heuss

## References 
## Other websites 
* Brackenheim.de
Miyazawa Kenji

was a Japanese poet and writer. He wrote stories for children. He lived in the early Shōwa period of Japan.

Miyazawa's first collection of children's stories and fairy tales was *The Restaurant of Many Orders* (, ''*). Another famous work of his was *Night on the Galactic Railroad* (, *'').
Kitakami, Iwate

**Kitakami** city is in the southwest of Iwate prefecture on the main island of Japan. Kitakami has a population of more than 93,000. The city is famous for the sakura that bloom in Tenshochi Park, which is regarded as one of the hundred best places in Japan to view cherry blossoms.

## References
Battle of the Winwaed

The **Battle of the Winwaed** () was fought on 15 November 655 between the forces of Kings Penda of Mercia and Oswiu of Bernicia. The outcome of the battle was a major victory for Oswiu and a restoration of Northumbrian dominance of Anglo-Saxon England.

## Background 
Several events led to the battle of the Winwaed. King Oswald of Northumbria was considered the bretwalda or overlord over the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England. Penda of Mercia defeated and killed Oswald of Northumbria in 642 at the battle of Maserfield. This left Penda the most powerful king in England. Penda did not claim to be the overlord, however. It was a year before Oswiu felt it was safe enough to recover his brother's body from the battlefield where he was killed. Still, Penda was not satisfied. He was determined to destroy Oswiu. In 654 Penda raised a large army of some thirty 'legions'. Then, about 653, Penda began raiding into Bernicia.

## The battle 
In a series of battles fought all across Northumbria, Oswiu kept being pushed back until he reached the far north of his kingdom. Oswiu also made an offer of tribute to Penda if he would bring an end to the hostilities. But Bede claims Penda turned down the offer of treasure as tribute. One of those who also withdrew and did not engage in the battle was Oswiu's nephew, King Athelwald of Deira. He had guided Penda through Northumbria and been his ally against his  to dominance had a major impact in 7th century England. Athelwald was either killed or went into exile. Mercia was then divided. North of the River Trent was controlled directly by Oswiu. He made Peada of Mercia, Penda's son, king over the part of Mercia south of the Trent. Mercians rebelled against Oswiu and Peada's brother Wulfhere became king of Mercia.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Kings of Northumbria
* Anglo-Saxon West Yorkshire: The Historical Background
Lucky Charms

**Lucky Charms** is an American brand of cereal made by General Mills. The cereal first appeared in stores in 1964. Its two main ingredients are toasted oat pieces and colored marshmallows with the animated television series Big Brother.

## Ingredients 
Oats (Whole grain), Ayse marshmallows (sugar, modified starch/modified corn starch, corn syrup, dextrose, gelatin, calcium carbonate, yellow 5 & yellow 6, blue 1, red 40), artificial flavor, semen,  sugar, corn syrup, corn starch, salt, calcium carbonate, food coloring/artificial color, trisodium phosphate, zinc, and iron.

## Other forms
In 2005, another form of the cereal was made, Chocolate Lucky Charms. Then later being followed by Lucky Charms Marshmallow Treats. After these changes proved to increase sales, General Mills decided to make changes to the cereal periodically.

## References
Agnotology

**Agnotology** is a branch of social science. It studies how doubt or  about a subject is created. For example, when scientific studies rely on inaccurate data, they create doubt about the truth and spread ignorance about it. More generally, the term also highlights a common condition: that learning about a subject leaves a person more uncertain than before.

## Etymology
This new word was made by Robert N. Proctor, a Stanford University professor specializing in the history of science and technology. Proctor cites the tobacco industry's conspiracy to manufacture doubt about the cancer risks of tobacco use as a very good example of how this can be done. Under the banner of science, the industry produced research about everything except tobacco hazards to exploit public uncertainty.

### Propagation of knowledge
Agnotology also focuses on how and why diverse forms of knowledge do not "come to be," or are ignored or delayed. For example, knowledge about plate tectonics was censored and delayed for at least a decade because key evidence was classified military information related to underseas warfare.

## References
Neologism

**Neologism** is a word that is new (15 to 20 years or less). Neologisms are older and used more than a protologism. Neologisms are often directly attributable to a specific person, publication, period, or event.  ''''* (Greek: a "new word", or the act of creating a new word) is a synonym for it. The term *neologism* was first used in English in 1772, borrowed from French *néologisme* (1734).

Using an existing word or phrase in a new context is also called *neologism*. The process of using a word in such a new context is sometimes called a semantic extension. A new word that has not been used by anyone but the inventer is a *protologism*.

## Use in psychiatry
In psychiatry, the term *neologism'' is used to describe the use of words that have meaning only to the person who uses them, independent of their common meaning. This tendency is considered normal in children. In adults, it can be a symptom of psychopathy  or a thought disorder, such as a psychotic mental illness, for example schizophrenia.  People with autism may also create neologisms. Additionally, use of neologisms may be related to aphasia acquired after brain damage resulting from a stroke or head injury.

## Use in theology
In theology, a neologism is a relatively new doctrine (for example, Transcendentalism). In this sense, a neologist is one who proposes either a new doctrine or a new interpretation of source material such as religious texts.

## Related pages
*Acronym
*Portmanteau word

## References
Gross (unit)

1 **gross** is a unit of measurement, for countable items. It is equal to 12 dozen, or 144 pieces. In the same manner, a dozen gross, or 1728 items is called** great gross**. **Small gross** or **great hundred** is used to refer to te

n dozen items. If a shop is advertizing to sell a product* en gros*, this means that it will sell larger quantities.
Corn starch

**Corn starch** (or **cornflour**, sometimes also called **maizena**) is the starch taken from corn grain. It is used in many ways, mainly in the making of corn syrup, other sugars, snack foods, sweets and beer. Like starch from other sources, it is also used for starching laundry and for industrial uses.

## References
University of Chile

The **University of Chile** it’s the best institution of higher education in the city of Santiago de Chile.

## Other websites 
*Official website
Nucleus (brain)

A **nucleus** in anatomy is a brain structure (plural = nuclei). It is a compact cluster of neurons. Each cluster is doing a job for the brain. 

Nuclei are one of the two common forms of nerve cell organization. The other is the layered structures such as the cerebral cortex or the  cerebellar cortex. The same kind of cell cluster in the peripheral nervous system is called a ganglion. Some of the traditional names for brain nuclei also use that word.

In anatomical sections, a nucleus usually shows up as a region of grey matter, often bordered by white matter. The vertebrate brain contains *hundreds* of nuclei, which vary in shape and size. A nucleus may have a complex internal structure, with several types of neurons arranged in clumps (subnuclei) or layers.

We have the impression of our brain working as "one thing". Actually, that's a mirage. All the parts work together so that we don't notice the way it is done. We just see a "picture of the world", and we think almost without thinking.

## Related pages 
*Ganglion
*Basal ganglia
*Suprachiasmatic nucleus
*Red nucleus
*Caudate nucleus
National University of La Plata

The **National University of La Plata** (, **UNLP**) is one of the national universities in the Argentine city of La Plata. The university was founded in 1905 by Dr. Joaquín Víctor González.

## Academic units 
*Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism 
*Faculty of Arts 
*Faculty of Agrarian and Forest Sciences 
*Faculty of Astronomic and Geophysic Sciences
*Faculty of Economic Sciences 
*Faculty of Exact Sciences 
*Faculty of Law and Social Sciences 
*Faculty of Medic Sciences 
*Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum 
*Faculty of Veterinary Sciences 
*Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences 
*Faculty of Informatics 
*Faculty of Engineering 
*Faculty of Dentistry 
*Faculty of Journalism and Social Communication 
*Faculty of Social Work 
*Fine Arts High School "Professor Francisco Américo de Santo" 

## Famous students and professors 
*Raúl Alfonsín (Law degree in 1950) President of Argentina (1983–1989)
*Florentino Ameghino (Professor of geology)
*Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (Nobel Peace laureate)
*Juan José Arévalo (Philosophy PhD in 1934)
*Mario Bunge (Physics-Mathematics PhD in 1952)
*René Favaloro (Medicine degree in 1949) Inventor of the coronary artery by-pass
*Julio Palmaz (Medicine degree in 1971) Inventor of the balloon-expandable stent
*Emilio Pettoruti
*Raúl A. Ringuelet (Professor of Zoology)
*Carlos Saavedra Lamas (Law teacher, rector, Nobel Peace laureate)
*Ernesto Sábato (Physics PhD in 1937, writer)
*Néstor Kirchner (Law degree in 1976) President of Argentina (2003–2007)
*Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Law degree in 1979) President of Argentina (2007-until now)
*Florentina Gómez Miranda (Law degree in 1945) Argentine Deputy from 1983 to 1991
*Horacio Pagani (Industrial design) CEO of the automotive company, Pagani Automobili S.p.A.

## Notes and References 
### Bibliography 
**History of the University of La Plata (Historia de la Universidad de La Plata)*, Julio Castiñeira, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
**National University of La Plata on the Centennial of its Nationalization (La Universidad Nacional de La Plata en el centenario de su nacionalización)*, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.

## Other websites 
*
Open world

An **open world** is a type of video game design. In an open world game, the player is allowed to do quests or jobs in a more free-form nature.  

Many video games are very straightforward, where quests and objectives are all very closely linked to the main story. Open world games differ from this, because you are allowed to roam freely in the game environment without necessarily having to follow the main plot of the game.  

Some examples include the *Grand Theft Auto* games, *Arma 3*, *Dead Space*. *Fallout 3*, *Fallout: New Vegas*, *Fallout 4*, *Fallout 76*, *Minecraft*, *Sonic Forces*, ''Asura's Wrath*,*The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, and'' The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild.
Industrial park

An **industrial park** is an area made for industrial development. It is similar to a business park or an office park. An industrial park can have factories, oil refineries, and warehouses. They can also have other industrial buildings.

Industrial parks are normally built away from places where people live. They can usually be  in more than one way. The most common ways are by road and train. 

## References
Moominpappa

**Moominpappa** (*Muminpappan*, i.e. "The Moomin Dad") - is a character in the Moomin series of books by Finnish author Tove Jansson.

Moominpappa was an orphan. He left the orphanage to see the world. But now he has settled down. Moominpappa wants to be a responsible father to his family: his wife Moominmamma and their son Moomintroll. He attracted to the sea but does not know why. He is almost always wearing his black top hat. Inside the hat is painted: "M.P. from your M.M." to make it different from all the other top hats in the world. Moominpappa also lived on a ship with three Hattifatteners for a few days. He wanted to watch their behaviour.

According to his family, he writes down all of his adventures in a book called "Memoirs". He once said that because so many adventures happen to him, he might never finish the book.

According to Moomintroll, he can fix anything if he is able to get around to it.

## References
Artemisia Gentileschi

**Artemisia Gentileschi** (July 8, 1593 – c. 1656) was an Italian Baroque painter. 

Gentileschi was born in Rome in 1593. This was at the start of Baroque painting. She was the first child of the Tuscan painter Orazio Gentileschi. Artemisia trained in his workshop for a number of years before making works herself. She was  by the painter Caravaggio. 

Gentileschi's first signed and dated painting was *Susanna and the Elders*. It was dated 1610, which was when she was 17. In 1616, Gentileschi became the first woman member of the *Accademia del Disegno* (the Florentine Academy of Art). 

Her most well-known painting is *Judith Beheading Holofernes*. 

Gentileschi moved to Naples in 1630 Scholars started paying attention to her work in the early 1900's. In the 1970s she became a champion of second wave feminist art historians.

Gentileschi's work is in museums including the Museo del Prado in Madrid, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, the Uffizi in Florence, Italy, and the National Gallery, London.

## Gallery

File:Susanna and the Elders (1610), Artemisia Gentileschi.jpg|*Susanna and the Elders*, 1610 
File:Artemisia Gentileschi Selfportrait Martyr.jpg|*self-portrait*, around 1615
File:Gentileschi judith1.jpg|*Judith and her Maidservant*, between 1618 and 1619
File:Artemisia Gentileschi - Giuditta decapita Oloferne - Google Art Project-Adjust.jpg|*Judith Beheading Holofernes* around 1620

## Related pages
* List of Italian painters

## References
## Other websites
*
*Artemisia Gentileschi: "The Spirit of Caesar in the soul of a woman!" video by the National Gallery
Acorn Stores

**Acorn Stores** were a chain of clothing shops in the United States. The company closed in until 2008. The stores were originally part of the Michael L. Wallace Inc, until they were bought by Christopher & Banks in November 2004.

## References
William F. Buckley Jr.

**William Frank Buckley, Jr.** (November 24, 1925&nbsp;– February 27, 2008) was an American conservative author and commentator. He founded the political magazine *National Review* in 1955, which had a big impact on the American conservative movement. He supported Barry M. Goldwater and Ronald Reagan. 

## Career 
He hosted 1,429 episodes of the television show *Firing Line* from 1966 until 1999, where he became known for his transatlantic accent and wide vocabulary. He also wrote a nationally syndicated newspaper column, and wrote many spy novels.  His cause of death was soon ruled as emphysema.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Buckley Online , a complete guide to the writings William F. Buckley at Hillsdale College
* William F. Buckley at Library of Congress Authorities — with 109 catalog records
Siedah Garrett

**Siedah Garrett** (born June 24, 1958) is an American singer. She sung a song with Michael Jackson called "I Just Can't Stop Loving You". She also wrote "Man in the Mirror" with Glen Ballard. She won the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.

## Early life
Garrett was born Debra Christine in Los Angeles.

## Personal life
She announced that she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis when performing at the "Race To Erase MS" event in 2017.

## Awards and nominations
*Grammy Award 2008 Best Song Written for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media – "Love You I Do" from *Dreamgirls* (songwriter) (**Won**)
*Academy Award: Best Original Song – "Love You I Do" (2007) (**Nominated**)
*Academy Award: Best Original Song – "Real in Rio" (2012) (**Nominated**)
*Satellite Awards: Best Original Song – "Love You I Do" (2006) (**Nominated**)

## Other websites
*Official website

## References
Rockjumper

**Rockjumpers** are a genus (*Chaetops*) and family (Chaetopidae) of small birds. They are found in southern Africa, around the Lesotho highlands and South Africa. The birds are omnivorous, meaning that they eat both plants and animals.

There are two species: the Cape Rockjumper and the Drakensberg Rockjumper. The two species have very similar appearances. They are mostly brown and red with plumage. They also have long white and black tails, black throats, orange bellies, and grey and black patterned backs and wings.

## References
Shonda Rhimes

**Shonda Rhimes** (born January 13, 1970) is an American screenwriter and producer. She is best known for making ''Grey's Anatomy* and *Private Practice''. Rhimes was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her first book was published in 2015.

## References
Oswestry

**Oswestry** (), is one of the United Kingdom's oldest border towns. It is the largest market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border. Oswestry is the third largest town in Shropshire, following Telford and Shrewsbury. The 2001 Census recorded the population of the civil parish as 15,613, and the urban area as 16,660. In 2008 the latter figure was estimated to have increased to 17,116. The town is five miles (8&nbsp;km) from the Welsh border, Oswestry has a mixed Welsh and English heritage. It is the home of the Shropshire libraries' Welsh Collection. 

## Name history 
The Battle of Maserfield is thought to have been fought here in 642 between Penda of Mercia and Oswald of Northumbria. Oswald was killed in this battle. According to legend, one of his arms was carried to an ash tree by a raven. Miracles were then attributed to the tree (as Oswald was considered a saint). During the Anglo-Saxon period the town was called Oswald's Tree. Later this became Oswestry.

## Gallery

File:Oswestry, St Oswald's.jpg|St Oswald's Church, Oswestry

## References
Battle of Maserfield

The **Battle of Maserfield** () was fought on 5 August 642. It was mainly between the armies of the Christian king Oswald of Northumbria and the pagan King Penda of Mercia. The battle ended in Oswald's death and his army's defeat. The site of the battle is reported to be at Oswestry in Shropshire.

## Background 
King Oswald's uncle, King Edwin of Northumbria, was killed at the Battle of Hatfield Chase in 633 by Penda and his ally Cadwallon ap Cadfan. After the battle Cadwallon and Penda began slaughtering the people of Northumbria. This included men, women and children. Northumbria fell apart and was divided into its two former kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia. Oswald defeated and killed Cadwallon ap Cadfan at the Battle of Heavenfield in 634. After that Oswald reunited Northumbria into a single kingdom. Oswald was considered a *bretwalda* by Bede, the fourth such overlord over the other Anglo-Saxon kings. Penda remained a constant threat but was kept busy fighting the East Angles and making new alliances with the Welsh. Oswald also created several similar alliances in an effort to contain Penda. About 638 he won a battle against Owen Map Bili, the king of Strathclyde near Edinburgh. As a pagan, Penda would not have been happy over Oswald bringing monks from Iona to Lindisfarne, further expanding Christianity in the north. The conquest of the Gododdin at  Din Eidyn  (Edinburgh) in 638 removed the last stronghold of the Britons in the north. Domnall Brecc, King of Dal Riata defeated them and was a close ally of Oswald. In 642 the armies of Northumbria and Mercia (with his Welsh allies) met at a place called  Maserfield (probably in Shropshire). Oswald was killed in the battle. For a year after the battle his head and hands were fastened to stakes.

## Outcome 
The battle of Maserfield left Penda "the most formidable king in England." Following the battle, Deira, in the southern part of Northumbria, chose a king of its own, Oswine. Bernicia in the north was ruled by Oswald's brother Oswiu.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Kings of Northumbria
* Who was St. Oswald?
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome

**Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS**) is a rare genetic connective tissue disorder. There is no cure. The symptoms include unusually stretchy skin, double-jointedness, flat feet, joint pain, as well as early onset arthritis. More rare and severe forms of the condition also affect the veins (Vascular EDS) and in very rare cases the major organs are affected. There are six main types of EDS. They are:
*Type 3 - Hypermobility
*Types 1 & 2 - Classical
*Type 4 - Vascular
*Type 6 - Kyphoscoliosis
*Types 7A and B - Arthrochalasia
*Type 7C - Dermatosparaxis
Hideyo Noguchi

was a Japanese microbiologist. He studied bacteria.

He was born in Inawashiro, Fukushima. He worked at the Institute of Infectious Diseases as a doctor. When he was 24, he went to the United States. In 1928, he moved to Ecuador, where there were many cases of yellow fever. He went to find the bacteria that caused it. After arriving there, he was able to identify the bacteria as yellow fever, and developed a vaccine. This quickly reduced the number of people dying of yellow fever in South America.
In 1928, while researching yellow fever in Accra, he was infected by yellow fever and died.

## References
Mike Patton

**Michael Allan "Mike" Patton** (born January 27, 1968) is an American singer. He is best known for being the singer of Faith No More. 

## Career
In 1984 when he was 15 years old he started Mr. Bungle. In 1989 he became the singer of Faith No More. Patton wrote all the lyrics for the band's third album, *The Real Thing*.  In 1991 Mr. Bungle released their first album, *Mr Bungle.*.

### 1995
In 1995 Patton released three albums. Faith No More's fifth album *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime* was released on March 28, 1995.

Mr Bungle released their second album *Disco Volante* on October 10, 1995. 

### 1998-1999
Faith No More broke up in 1998. Patton started a noise band called Fantômas with Buzz Osborne and Dave Lombardo. In 1999 Patton started Tomahawk. He also started a record label called Ipecac Recordings with Greg Werckman. Mr Bungle released their last album *California* on June 13, 1999.

### 2000s
Patton started the band Peeping Tom in 2000. He also joined Lovage. In 2001 Tomahawk released their first album. Patton sang on The Dillinger Escape Plan's third EP, *Irony Is a Dead Scene*. He sung on Handsome Boy Modeling School's 2004 album *White People*. In 2005 he released an album with Melt-Banana called *Animali In Calore Surriscaldati Con Ipertermia Genitale/Cat in Red*. In 2006 Patton joined John Zorn's Moonchild Trio. Peeping Tom released their first album *Peeping Tom*. In 2009 Faith No More got back together. Patton made most of the soundtrack for the 2009 movie *Crank: High Voltage*.

### 2010s
On May 4 2010 Patton's third solo album *Mondo Cane* was released. Patton made the album with a forty-member orchestra and fifteen-piece backing band.

## References
Akkineni Nageswara Rao

**Akkineni Nageswara Rao** (20 September 1923 – 22 January 2014) was an Indian movie actor and producer. He worked in the Telugu cinema. He became a famous stage artiste. He was known for playing female characters because women at that time were prohibited from acting.

Rao died on 22 January 2014 in Hyderabad from cancer aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Akkiineni Nageswara Rao Birthday Special Article in Telugu Language
Roy Dotrice

**Roy Dotrice**, OBE (26 May 1923&nbsp;– 16 October 2017) was a British actor. He was known for his Tony Award-winning Broadway performance in the revival of *A Moon for the Misbegotten*.

Dotrice was born in Guernsey on 26 May 1923. One of his daughters, Michele, was famous for playing the role of Betty, the wife of Frank Spencer in the BBC sitcom Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em.

Dotrice recorded audiobooks for each book in George R. R. Martin's series *A Song of Ice and Fire*. He earned a place in the Guinness World Records in 2004 for the highest number of character voices by a single actor for the first book in the series, *A Game of Thrones* (in which he voiced a total of 224 characters).

Dotrice died on 16 October 2017 in London at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Selected Performances at the Theatre Archive, University of Bristol
* Two Old Stagers Find Vigour in *Brief Lives*
Miuccia Prada

**Miuccia Bianchi Prada** (born **Maria Bianchi**; 10 May 1948) is an Italian fashion designer and businesswoman. 

She designs for Prada. In 1992 she started a second fashion label, Miu Miu. Prada is the youngest granddaughter of Mario Prada.

As of October 2021, *Forbes* estimated her net worth at US$4.8 billion. In August 2021, *Bloomberg* estimated her net worth to be $6.6 billion, ranking 430th in the world.

## Personal life
She met Patrizio Bertelli in 1977, and married him a year later.

## References
Vern Benson

**Vernon Adair Benson** (September 19, 1924 – January 20, 2014) was an American baseball player. He was an infielder/outfielder, coach, scout and interim manager in American Major League Baseball. 

Benson died on January 20, 2014 in Granite Quarry, North Carolina from natural causes at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*Retrosheet
*Venezuelan Baseball League
Ara Parseghian

**Ara Raoul Parseghian** (; May 21, 1923 &ndash; August 2, 2017) was an American-Armenian football player and coach. Parseghian guided the University of Notre Dame to NCAA Division I national championships in 1966 and 1973. He was thought of being one of the best coaches in Notre Dame history.

Parseghian died at his home in Granger, Indiana on the morning of August 2, 2017 from an infection caused after having hip surgery at the age of 94.

## Books
* 
* 

## References
## Other websites
* Ara Parseghian Medical Research Foundation
Ty Burrell

**Tyler Gerald "Ty" Burrell** (born August 22, 1967) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Phil Dunphy in the ABC comedy *Modern Family*. He has won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series twice, in 2011 and 2014, and has been nominated another three times (in 2010, 2012 and 2013) for his role as Phil Dunphy.

Burrell was born on Grants Pass, Oregon on August 22, 1967.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Ty Burrell at Emmys.com
Lou Holtz

**Louis Leo "Lou" Holtz** (January 6, 1937 &ndash; March 4, 2026) was an American football coach, sportscaster, author, and motivational speaker. 

He served as the head football coach at The College of William & Mary (1969–1971), North Carolina State University (1972–1975), the University of Arkansas (1977–1983), the University of Minnesota (1984–1985), the University of Notre Dame (1986–1996), and the University of South Carolina (1999–2004).

Holtz was born in Follansbee, West Virginia on January 6, 1937. He grew up in East Liverpool, Ohio. Holtz studied at Kent State University.

On January 30, 2026, it was announced that Holtz entered into hospice care in Orlando, Florida. He died on March 4, 2026, at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Notre Dame profile 
* 
* The Lou Holtz/Upper Ohio Valley Hall of Fame
Binyavanga Wainaina

**Binyavanga Wainaina** (18 January 1971 &ndash; 21 May 2019) was a Kenyan writer. In July 2002 he won the Caine Prize For African Writing for his short story "Discovering Home". He started *Kwani?* magazine. His first book, *One Day I Will Write About This Place*, was published in 2011.

## Early life
Wainaina was born in Nakuru.

## Personal life
In 2014 he tweeted that he is gay. In 2016, he was diagnosed with HIV.

Wainaina died after a stroke in Nairobi on 21 May 2019, aged 48. 

## References
Sabbath

A **sabbath** is a day reserved for rest or prayer, usually each week. The word *Sabbath* comes from the Hebrew word *Shabbat* (). This word is built from the Hebrew root *Sh-B-T,* meaning rest.  

In the Hebrew Bible, or *Tanakh,* the root *Sh-B-T* is used to describe God resting on the seventh day. This is the day after He finished  the universe. In the Bible, the idea of *Shabbat,* or *Sabbath,* as a holy day of rest starts there.

Remembering and keeping the Sabbath is also one of the Ten Commandments. From that, the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) all have a tradition of a holy day of rest or prayer set aside every week. These days are now different from each other, including which day of the week they fall on.

*Jews observe *Shabbat* or *Shabbath* on Saturday.
*The Sabbath in Christianity is usually observed on Sunday but a few Christian denominations observe it on Saturday (e.g. Seventh-day Adventist Church).
*In Islam, Muslims hold a communal prayer, known as ''Jumu'ah'', every Friday just after noon.

## Similar ideas
In addition:
*Different rituals of people called witches have been called Witches' Sabbath.
*A sabbatical is a paid break or rest from work.

## Related pages
* Sabbath in Christianity
*Gregorian calendar (Christian)
*Hebrew calendar (Jewish)
*Islamic calendar (Muslim)

## References