open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ryan Zinke

**Ryan Keith Zinke** (born November 1, 1961) is an American politician. He is member of the Republican Party. He is the member of the United States House of Representatives for Montana's 1st congressional district since 2023. He was the 52nd United States Secretary of the Interior from 2017 to 2019.

Zinke served as a member of the Montana State Senate, representing Senate District 2 from 2009 to 2011. He was the Republican congressman for Montana's at-large congressional district having won in the 2014 election. He resigned as a U.S. representative on March 1, 2017.

On December 15, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that Zinke would leave the position as Interior Secretary by the end of 2018. He left the office on January 2, 2019.

## Early life
Zinke was born in Bozeman, Montana and raised in Whitefish. He is the son of Jean Montana (Harlow) Petersen and Ray Dale Zinke, a plumber.

Zinke earned a B.S. in geology in 1984 at the University of Oregon. Zinke later earned an M.B.A. from National University in 1993 and an M.S. in global leadership from the University of San Diego in 2003.

Zinke "frequently votes against environmentalists on issues ranging from coal extraction to oil and gas drilling" and received a 3 percent rating from the League of Conservation Voters.

## United States Secretary of the Interior (2017&ndash;2019)
On December 13, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump picked Zinke for the position of United States Secretary of the Interior. Zinke was confirmed on March 1, 2017, becoming the first Navy SEAL to occupy a Cabinet position.

As Secretary, Zinke opened more federal lands for oil, gas and mineral exploration and extraction. Zinke's spendings as Secretary of the Interior, which included expensive flights, raised ethical questions and controversy, and were investigated by the Interior Department’s Office of Inspector General. On October 30, 2018, the investigation into Zinke was referred to the Justice Department by Interior's Inspector General.

Trump announced on December 15, 2018, that Zinke would leave his post by the end of 2018. He was replaced by his deputy David Bernhardt.

## United States representative (since 2023) 
On April 29, 2021 it was reported that Zinke had filed to run for Montana's newly reformed 2nd congressional district. He was elected to the U.S. House in November 2022.

In March 2026, Zinke announced that he would not run for re-election in that year's congressional election.

## Personal life
Zinke has been married to Lolita Hand. They have three children. Zinke is Lutheran.

## References
## Other websites
* Official U.S. House website 
* Campaign website 
* 
*
Eliseo Arredondo

, Eliseo Arredondo, Jose Arredondo, Oscar E. Duplin, Francesco Paredo and Luis Paredo in 1915]]

**Eliseo Arredondo de la Garza** (May 5, 1870 - October 18, 1923) was a Mexican lawyer, politician and diplomat. He was the interim governor of the Mexican state of Coahuila and the Secretary of the Interior during the presidency of Venustiano Carranza in 1914. He was appointed the Ambassador of Mexico to the United States in 1916.

Arredondo died on October 18, 1923 in Mexico City.

## References
## Other websites
Chris Knight

**Chris Knight** is an American country music singer from Slaughters, Kentucky. In 1997 Decca Records released his self-titled debut album.
 
## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Chris Knight* (1998)
* *A Pretty Good Guy* (2001)
* *A Jealous Kind* (2003)
* *Enough Rope* (2006)
* *Little Victories* (2012)

## References
Red-and-green macaw

The **red-and-green macaw** (*Ara chloropterus*), is a large mostly-red macaw of the *Ara* genus. This is the largest bird of the *Ara* genus. It is commonly found in the forests and woodlands of northern and  South America. They are found in s of 30 or more birds in the lowland areas. On forested slopes they form smaller flocks of two to three pairs.

## References
Clare Tree Major

**Clare Tree Major** (1880 - October 10, 1954) was an English American actress, author, and stage director. She started the Children's Theatre of New York in 1924.

## Biography
She was born in 1880 in England. She migrated to the United States in 1914. In 1924 she started the Children's Theatre of New York. In 1925 she produced the play The Little Poor Man.

She died on October 10, 1954.

## Outside
*Clare Tree Major at IBDB

## References
Baku Zoo

**Baku Zoo** () is a state zoo in Baku. It is the oldest zoo in Azerbaijan. When it opened in 1928, it was in Lunacharski Park. In 1942 it was moved to its present location. The zoo is currently home to over 1,200 animals. There are over 160 species. It will soon be replaced by a new zoo near Güzdək on the Absheron Peninsula. The new larger zoo will house the animals in their natural s.

## Gallery

File:Копия Zoopark Baku 008.jpg|Jaguar
File:Zoopark Baku 041.jpg|Brown bear
File:Zoopark Baku 012.jpg|African lion
File:Zoopark Baku 278.jpg|Muntjac
File:Zoopark Baku 082.jpg|Zebu
File:Zoopark Baku 157.jpg|Lama
File:Zoopark Baku 086.jpg|Ostrich
File:Zoopark Baku 025.jpg|Greater Flamingo

## References
## Other websites
*
Robert M. White

**Robert Mayer "Bob" White** (February 13, 1923 – October 14, 2015) was an American meteorologist and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's first administrator from 1970 to 1977. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. White was also the director of the United States Weather Bureau from 1963 to 1965, director of the Environmental Science Services Administration from 1965 to 1970, president of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research from 1980 to 1983, and president of the National Academy of Engineering from 1983 to 1995.

## References
Nate Huffman

**Nathaniel Thomas Huffman** (April 2, 1975 – October 15, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He played most of his career outside of the United States with Maccabi Tel Aviv. Huffman played for the Toronto Raptors from 2002 through 2003.

On September 29, 2015, Huffman announced that he had stage 4 bladder cancer and his "condition is terminal". He died on October 15, 2015.

## References
Michael McCaul

**Michael Thomas McCaul, Sr.** (born January 14, 1962) is the  U.S. Representative for , serving since 2005.  Since the beginning of the 113th Congress, he has been the Chairman of the House Committee on Homeland Security.  He is a member of the Republican Party.

## Other websites
* Congressman Michael McCaul official U.S. House site
* Michael McCaul for Congress 
* 
* 
* 
* Profile  at SourceWatch
Elbert Glover

**Elbert Glover** is a researcher and writer. He mainly writes about tobacco addiction. He is the director of the Tobacco Research Center at the West Virginia University.

## References
Dither fish

**Dither fish** are aquarium fish used by cichlid owners to make some species of cichlids less afraid.  

Dither fish usually swim around the top of a fish tank. This behavior makes afraid fish less afraid. Fish that are not afraid hide less. The scared fish think (correctly) that no predators are in the tank.  

The technique is based on the ability of cichlids in an aquarium to use the behaviour of other fish species as a sign that the place they are in is safe. Good dither fish are usually schooling species, such as some *Danio* species, barbs and some tetra species.

## References
Obsidian Entertainment

**Obsidian Entertainment** is an American video game developer. It was founded in 2003 after the closure of Black Isle Studios.
## Games
## Notes
Lucasfilm Games

**Lucasfilm Games** (formerly **LucasArts**) is an American video game publisher and licensor. Until 2013, it was also a video game developer.

## History
The company was founded in **May 1982** as **Lucasfilm Games,** the video game development group of Lucasfilm Limited, the film production company of George Lucas.

### Early years (1982–1987)
Lucasfilm Games could not develop *Star Wars* games in its early years because Atari had the license for *Star Wars* and because of that, Lucasfilm Games had to develop unique games and had their first projects published by other companies. Lucasfilm's early titles include: *Ballblazer* and *Rescue on Fractalus* both games were released in 1984, *Koronis rift* released in 1985.

In 1987, Lucasfilm Games created the SCUMM engine which stands for s future adventure games. The SCUMM engine was first developed for the game *Maniac Mansion* which was released in 1987.

### Acquisition by Disney
On October 30, 2012, LucasArts was acquired by The Walt Disney Company through the acquisition of its parent company Lucasfilm in a deal for $4.05 billion.

On January 11, 2021, it was announced that the company would be renamed back to **Lucasfilm Games**.

## References
Lake County, Illinois

**Lake County** is a county in northeast Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 714,342. Some of the main cities are Waukegan and Libertyville.

## References
Slave to the Rhythm (Grace Jones album)

***Slave to the Rhythm*** is the seventh studio album by Jamican singer Grace Jones, released on 28 October 1985 by Island Records.

## Information
Planned as *a biography* in the album's booklet, *Slave to the Rhythm* is a concept album, produced by ZTT Records founder and producer Trevor Horn. *Slave to the Rhythm* was released in 1985, three years after her last album *Living My Life* as she had taken a break and began to act in movies such as *Conan the Destroyer* in 1984 and in the James Bond film *A View to Kill* in 1985. The album was her first set of funk and R&B albums.

## Track listing
### Original vinyl & CD, and 2015 remaster pressings
**Side A**
#"Jones the Rhythm" – 6:26
#"The Fashion Show" – 6:26
#"The Frog and the Princess" – 7:04
#"Operattack" – 2:45

**Side B**
#"Slave to the Rhythm" – 6:35
#"The Crossing (oohh the action...)" – 4:58
#"Don't Cry – It's Only the Rhythm" – 2:53 
#"Ladies and Gentlemen: Miss Grace Jones" – 5:56

### CD version
#"Jones the Rhythm" – 5:24
#"The Fashion Show" – 4:05
#"Operattack" – 2:16
#"Slave to the Rhythm" – 6:12
#"The Frog and the Princess" – 7:34
#"The Crossing (oohh the action...)" – 4:51
#"Don't Cry – It's Only the Rhythm" – 2:53
#"Ladies and Gentlemen: Miss Grace Jones" – 4:27

## Personnel
* Ambrosian Singers – background vocals, choir, chorus
* Guy Barker – trumpet
* Pete Beachill – trombone, trumpet
* J.J. Belle – guitar, percussion, bass, vocals, hi hat
* Dave Bishop – tenor saxophone
* Stuart Brook – trumpet
* David Gilmour - guitar samples
* Glenn Gregory – background vocals
* Jean-Paul Goude – design
* Trevor Horn – production
* Luis Jardim – percussion, bass
* Grace Jones – lead vocals
* Stephen Lipson – guitar, bass, keyboards, engineering, synclavier, assisting production
* Andy Macintosh – tenor saxophone
* Gary Maughan – keyboards
* John McCarthy – conductor, choir, chorus
* Ian McShane – voice-overs
* Andra Faye McIntosh – baritone saxophone

* Paul Morley – interview
* Paul Cooke - Jovial Interview
* Richard Niles – arrangements
* Tessa Niles – harp, background vocals
* Geoff Perkins – trombone
* John Pignegny – French horn
* Andrew Richards – guitar, keyboards, background vocals
* Andy Richards – drums, keyboards
* Frank Ricotti – percussion, arrangements
* Jon Sinclair – keyboards
* David Snell – harp, French horn
* Stan Sulzmann – alto and tenor saxophone
* James Talbot – alto saxophone
* John Thirkell – percussion, trumpet
* Shorty Tim – percussion
* Philip Todd – alto saxophone
* Wallmen – keyboards
* Bruce Woolley – guitar, bass, keyboards, background vocals

## Chart performance
## Release history
## References
## Other websites
* *Slave to the Rhythm* on Allmusic
* *Slave to the Rhythm* on Discogs
* *Slave to the Rhythm* on Rate Your Music
2014 FIFA World Cup Group B

**Group B** of the **2014 FIFA World Cup** consisted of Spain, the Netherlands, Chile, and Australia. This group contained the finalists of 2010 FIFA World Cup: Spain (reigning champion) and the Netherlands (runners-up). Play began on 13 June and ended on 23 June 2014. The Netherlands and Chile progressed to the knockout stage, while Australia and Spain were eliminated after suffering two defeats in their opening two matches. Chile was eliminated by Brazil in the second round after penalties, while the Netherlands made their way to the semi-finals in which they lost to Argentina on penalties. The third place match was won by the Netherlands with a convincing 3–0 victory against Brazil.

## Teams
;Notes

## Standings 
*Netherlands advanced to play Mexico (runner-up of Group A) in the round of 16.
*Chile advanced to play Brazil (winner of Group A) in the round of 16.

## Matches
### Spain vs Netherlands
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|

|}

### Chile vs Australia
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|

|}

### Australia vs Netherlands
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|

|}

### Spain vs Chile
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|

|}
Kenneth D. Taylor

**Kenneth Douglas "Ken" Taylor**, OC (October 5, 1934 – October 15, 2015) was a Canadian diplomat, educator and businessman. He was best known for his role in the 1979 covert operation called the "Canadian Caper" which helped free some hostages during the Iran hostage crisis.

Taylor died in New York City from colon cancer at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada Complete List of Posts
John Soane

**Sir John Soane** (10 September 1753 – 20 January 1837) was an English architect. He was knighted in 1831. He was the greatest architect of his day. His house in Lincoln's Inn Fields is now Sir John Soane's Museum and is open to the public. On 15 November 1821 Soane was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

## References
Burning of Parliament

The **Burning of Parliament** was a great fire in London on 16 October 1834. The Palace of Westminster, the medieval royal palace used as the home of the British parliament, was largely destroyed. The blaze was caused by the burning of small wooden tally sticks. They had been used as part of the accounting procedures of the Exchequer until 1826. The sticks were disposed of in a careless manner. They were thrown in the two furnaces under the House of Lords, which caused a chimney fire in the two flues that ran under the floor of the Lords' chamber. The fire smoldered under the floor for most of the day. The senile housekeeper and a careless Clerk of Works ignored all the warning signs of the pending disaster. This led the Prime Minister to call it "one of the greatest instances of stupidity upon record". 

The fire spread rapidly throughout the buildings. It became the worst fire to occur in London between the Great Fire of 1666 and the Blitz of the Second World War. the event attracted large s which included several artists who provided pictorial records of the event. The fire lasted for most of the night. The House of Lords and the House of Commons were destroyed along with most of their libraries, art collections and records.

## References
Elizabeth Ramsey

**Elizabeth Ramsey** (December 3, 1931 – October 8, 2015) was a Filipina comedian, actress and singer. She was known for her trademark Visayan-accented dialogues. She performed them in English and Tagalog. She was regarded as the Philippines' Queen of Rock and Roll. She became famous in 1958 after winning a singing contest in *Student Canteen*.

Ramsey was born in San Carlos City, Negros Occidental. She died from a sudden hyperglycemic attack at age 83.

## References
Skhid

"]]

**“Skhid”** - journal of analysis and new ideas (). From 1995 to 2014 the Journal was published in Donetsk (Ukraine). From the late 2014 to date it has been published in Mariupol of Donetsk Region (Ukraine). Profile: “Skhid” highlights the results of research in economics, history and philosophy. Languages of the publication: Ukrainian, Russian and English. Periodicity: 6 issues a year.

During the years of activity (1995-2019) the journal managed to attract authoritative authorship while providing opportunities for young authors to publish research results.

Scientometrics: **INDEX COPERNICUS VALUE (ICV)**  2015  - 64,77  2014  - 64.29

## Other websites
* Official website journal SKHID 
* Wołodymyr Biłećkyj. Czasopismo “Wschód” w przestrzeni informacyjnej Ukrainy // Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Nowa Ukraina. 1-2 (7-8) 2009. S.149-151. 
* Бібліографія журналу "Схід" (1995-2006 рр.)/В.С.Білецький, Г.В.Сімченко, А.О.Лисенко. - Донецьк: Східний видавничий дім, Український культурологічний центр, Донецьке відділення НТШ, 2007. - 256 с. http://www.experts.in.ua/baza/doc/detail.php?ID=20885  https://web.archive.org/web/20130510181952/http://www.library.donetsk.ua/bibl_shid.pdf 

## References
William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw

**William Stephen Ian Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw** KT CH PC was a politician and a deputy prime minister from England, sometimes known as **Willie Whitelaw**. He held a number of roles in the cabinet of Margaret Thatcher during her time as Prime Minister.
Island Life (Grace Jones album)

***Island Life*** is the first greatest hits album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones, it released in December 1985. It includes songs from her first seven albums. The albums' artwork is Jones' is her most  artwork. The album was later re-released in 1996 under the name of *Island Life 2* and included two remixes of a new song called "Sex Drive" which was originally going to appear on a album called "Black Marilyn" which was due out in the 1990s but never got released.

## Track listing
### Standard release
**Side A**

**Side B**

Notes: 7" edits of "Do or Die", "Pull Up to the Bumper" and "Slave to the Rhythm" are included. "Love Is the Drug" appears in Eric "E.T." Thorngren's remix.

### UK cassette release
**Side A**

**Side B**

### *Island Life 2*
## Commercial reception
### Chart performance
### Certifications and sales
## References
Angus Deaton

**Angus Deaton** (born 19 October 1945) is a Scottish economist. He is from Edinburgh. He won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He attended Fettes College. He has two children. He also went to Princeton University and the University of Bristol.

## References
## Other websites
* Angus Deaton's website home page
End zone

during a college football game.]]
The **end zone** refers to the scoring area on the field, according to gridiron-based codes of football. It is the area between the end line and goal line bounded by the sidelines.  There are two end zones. Each one is on an opposite side of the field. It is bordered on all sides by a white line indicating its beginning and end points. Usually padded orange square markers are placed at each of the four corners as a visual aid. Canadian rule books use the terms *goal area* and *dead line* instead of *end zone* and *end line* respectively. But the latter terms are the more common in Canadian English. In American football the end zone is 10 yards deep. Canadian football end zones are 20 yards; 10 yards deeper than those in American football. Sports like association football and ice hockey require the puck or ball to pass completely over the goal line to count as a score. Canadian and American football merely need the nose of the ball to break the vertical plane of the outer edge of the goal line.

## References
The Ultimate (Grace Jones album)

***The Ultimate*** is a second greatest hits album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones released in 1993. The album would have the same songs as her 1985 *Island Life* greatest hits album, as well as four other songs. *The Ultimate* was released only in the Netherlands, where it enjoyed success.

## Track listing
# "Slave to the Rhythm" – 4:27
# "Nipple to the Bottle" – 5:58
# "My Jamaican Guy" – 6:00
# "Walking in the Rain" – 4:18
# "La Vie en rose" – 7:26
# "The Fashion Show" – 4:05
# "I've Seen That Face Before (Libertango)" – 4:29
# "Do or Die" – 3:23
# "I Need a Man" – 3:23
# "Private Life" – 6:20
# "Love Is the Drug" – 8:42
# "Pull Up to the Bumper" – 4:42
# "Use Me" – 5:05
# "Warm Leatherette" – 5:38

Note: Edits of "Slave to the Rhythm", "Do or Die" and "The Fashion Show" are included.

## Chart performance
## References
## Other websites
* *The Ultimate* on Discogs
* *The Ultimate* on Rate Your Music
Inside Story (Grace Jones album)

***Inside Story*** is the eighth studio album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones, released on November 14, 1986 by Manhattan Records, it was her only album to be released on that label.

## Background
Released under new contract with Manhattan Records, for *Inside Story* Jones worked with the music producer Nile Rodgers of Chic (Jones had previously tried to work with the band during her disco era.) The release of *Inside Story* was  Manhattan Records' "most extensive marketing and merchandising campaign ever".

## Track listing 
All songs were written by Grace Jones and Bruce Woolley.

**Side A**
# "I'm Not Perfect (But I'm Perfect for You)" – 3:57
# "Hollywood Liar" – 3:50
# "Chan Hitchhikes to Shanghai" – 4:33
# "Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician" – 4:42
# "Party Girl" – 3:44

**Side B**
# "Crush" – 3:27
# "Barefoot in Beverly Hills" – 4:07
# "Scary but Fun" – 3:55
# "White Collar Crime" – 4:59
# "Inside Story" – 4:31

## Personnel 
* Scott Ansell – sound engineering
* Richard Bernstein – computer image
* Knut Bohn – engineering
* Greg Calbi – mastering
* Barry Diament – digital editing
* Steve Elson – bariton sax, flute
* James Farber – recording, mixing
* Mac Gollehon – trumpet
* Stan Harrison – alto sax
* Grace Jones – vocals, production
* Kevin Jones – digital interfacing, sequencing, drum programming
* Lenny Pickett – tenor sax
* Nile Rodgers – production, arrangements
* Budd Tunick – production managing
* Bruce Woolley – arrangements

## Commercial reception 
### Chart performance 
### Certifications and sales 
## Release history 
## References 
## Other websites
* *Inside Story* on Allmusic
* *Inside Story* on Discogs
* *Inside Story* on Rate Your Music
Edward the Exile

**Edward the Exile** (17 January 1016 — 19 April 1057) also known as **Edward the Atheling** was the heir apparent to the Kingdom of England. He was the oldest child of King Edmund II of England and Ealdgyth. He spent most of his life in exile in Hungary following his father being killed at the Battle of Assandun during Cnut the Great's invasion of England in 1016.

## Life in exile
After the Danish conquest of England in 1016, Canute had Edward and his brother, Edmund, sent to the Swedish court of Olof Skötkonung. Edward was a baby at the time. Canute's s apparently had orders to have the children murdered. But they were quickly taken to Hungary where neither Canut or his agents could reach them. He was brought up at the Hungarian court. In 1057, the king's messengers reached Edward living in Hungary. Edward agreed to return to England and in 1057 arrived in London with his family. But a few days after their arrival Edward was killed. In the summer of 1068 his son Edgar took his mother and sisters and escaped to Scotland.

## Notes 
## References
Tribes of Arabia

The following is a list of tribes of Arab people from the geo-cultural region of Arabia.

## Northern Arabia 
* Ghassan
* Anizzah
* Lakhm
* Taghlib
* Salih
* Kalb
* Bahraa
* Judham
* Tayy
* Bakr ibn Wa'il
* Udhrah
* Abs
* Tamim
* Bali

## Central and southern Arabia 
* Juhaynah
* Ghatafan
* Asad
* Numayr
* Abd ul Qays
* Sulaym
* Hanifa
* Hizzan
* Khuzaah
* Kilab
* Bahila
* Dhabbah
* Hadhayl
* Quraysh
* Hawazan
* Kaab
* Thaqif
* Hilal
* Uqayl
* Kinanah
* Daws
* Azd
* Mudhal
* Khatham
* Harith
* Hamadan
* Murad
* Maafir
* Yafi
* Ans
* Kindah
* Mahrah
* Azd Uman

## Other websites 
* A is for Arabs: What the world owes Arabs and Muslims 
* Maps of the Arab World 
* News from Arabic countries
* Business news from Arab countries
* Arabia in ancient history - with a discussion of the ancient usage of the word *Arab*
* Araboo.com - Arab Guide
* Arabic Search  - Arabic ThroughSearch

## References
2014-15 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball

The '''2014–15 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team''' represented the  University of Kentucky in their 39th season. They played their home games at the Rupp Arena. The team was led by John Calipari for 6 seasons in a row.

The 2014-2015 team won all 31 games in the regular season, similar to what the Witchita State team did the year before. They were the first team in NCAA basketball to begin a season with a record of 38-0 (38 wins and no losses). After the regular season, the 2014-2015 team made it to the Final Four, playing against the Wisconsin Badgers for the second year in a row. The Final Four tournament was held in Indianapolis. 

The 2014-2015 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team lost to Wisconsin in the Final Four, finishing their season 38-1, so they did not have a perfect record and were not the champions that year.
Presumption of innocence

The **presumption of innocence**, is sometimes referred to by the Latin expression ***Ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat*** (the burden of proof is on the one who declares, not on one who denies). It is the principle that one is considered innocent unless proven guilty. In many nations, presumption of innocence is a legal right of the accused in a criminal trial. It is also regarded as an international human right under the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 11. and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 14. This places the burden of proof on the prosecution. They have to collect and present enough compelling evidence to convince the trier of fact (a jury or judge) that the accused is guilty beyond reasonable doubt. If reasonable doubt remains, the accused is to be acquitted. Under Justinian Codes and English Common law, the accused is presumed innocent in criminal proceedings. In civil proceedings (like breach of contract) both sides must issue proof. Under Anglo-American Common Law, the accused is always presumed innocent in all types of proceedings. Proof is always the burden of the accuser. Sharia law, also called Islamic Law, is the third most common type of law in the world. It also has a presumption of innocence.  

## Reference 
## Other page 
*Right to a fair trial
Grey-crested finch

The **grey-crested finch** (*Lophospingus griseocristatus*) is a bird that can be found in Argentina and Bolivia.
Hold Me (Teddy Pendergrass & Whitney Houston song)

"**Hold Me**" is a 1984 recording of a song performed as a duet by Teddy Pendergrass and Whitney Houston. The ballad is on both Teddy Pendergrass' 1984 album *Love Language*, from which it was released as a single, and Whitney Houston's 1985 self-titled debut album.

The original arrangement of the song, titled as "In Your Arms", written by Linda Creed & Michael Masser, is on Diana Ross's 1982 album *Silk Electric*, under the name "In Your Arms".

## References
I'll Remember

"'''I'll Remember'*" is a song by American singer Madonna, it was released on March 8, 1994 by Warner Bros Records. It went to number one in Canada and Italy and number two in the United States. It was from the 1994 movie *With Honors''.

## Track listing and formats
* **US CD single and 7-inch vinyl; UK cassette single and 7-inch vinyl**
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)"&nbsp;– 4:19
# "Secret Garden"&nbsp;– 5:32

* **US CD maxi-single**
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)"&nbsp;– 4:20
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)" (Guerilla Beach Mix)&nbsp;– 6:18
# "Why's It So Hard" (Live from the Girlie Show)&nbsp;– 5:12
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)" (Orbit Remix)&nbsp;– 4:19

* **UK CD single**
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)"&nbsp;– 4:19
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)" (Orbit Remix)&nbsp;– 4:19
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)" (Guerilla Beach Mix)&nbsp;– 6:18
# "Why's It So Hard" (Live from the Girlie Show)&nbsp;– 5:12

* **UK 12-inch single**
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)"  (Guerilla Beach Mix)&nbsp;– 6:10
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)"  (Guerilla Groove Mix)&nbsp;– 6:07
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)"&nbsp;– 4:22
# "I'll Remember (Theme from *With Honors*)" (Orbit Alternative Remix)&nbsp;– 4:30

## References
Max Domi

**Maxwell Johannes Domi** (born March 2, 1995) is a Canadian ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Toronto Maple Leafs. He also played for the Arizona Coyotes and Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba and grew up in Toronto, Ontario. His father Tie Domi also played in the NHL for 16 years.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Domi played 1 season with the St. Michael's Buzzers of the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL) and 4 seasons with the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). On September 23, 2011, Domi made his OHL debut. He scored a hat-trick and an assist in a 8–0 win over the Saginaw Spirit. He helped the Knights win the OHL Championship in 2012 and also won a bronze medal with Team Ontario at the 2012 World U-17 Hockey Challenge.

Domi won a gold medal with Team Canada at the 2012 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament. He helped the Knights win their second OHL Championship in a row and won gold with Team Canada at the 2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship. He was named Best Forward of thew tournament.

He was drafted 12th overall by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. He signed a three-year entry level contract with the Coyotes on July 14, 2013. On October 10, 2015, Domi made his NHL debut with the Arizona Coyotes and scored his first NHL goal in a 4–1 win over the Los Angeles Kings.

## Personal life
Domi was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. He wears the jersey number 16 in homage to Bobby Clarke, a hockey player who also had the disease. 

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Saving All My Love for You

"**Saving All My Love for You**" is a 1985 song written by Michael Masser and Gerry Goffin with arrangement by Gene Page. It was originally a minor hit for Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis Jr. in 1978 on their album *Marilyn & Billy*. A cover of the song was done by American recording artist Whitney Houston, for her album *Whitney Houston*, which was released on February 14, 1985 by Arista Records. The song was the second single from the album in the United States and third worldwide.
Rebecca Shelley

**Rebecca Shelley** (January 20, 1887 - January 21, 1984) was a pacifist who lost her American citizenship when she married a German national. She was the publisher of Modern Poultry Breeder. She did not regain her citizenship until 1944. Her husband died in 1959. 

She died on January 21, 1984 at the Leila Y. Post Montgomery Hospital in Battle Creek, Michigan.

## References
## Other websites
*Rebecca Shelley papers at the University of Michigan
Doctor of Letters

**Doctor of Letters** (; **D.Litt.**; **Litt.D.**; **D. Lit.**; or **Lit. D.**) is an academic degree. It is a higher doctorate which, in some countries, may be considered to be beyond the Ph.D. and equal to the Doctor of Science (Sc.D. or D.Sc.). It is ed in many countries by universities and  bodies. It is given in recognition of achievement in the humanities, original contribution to the creative arts or  and other merits. Cambridge University requires a candidate to "give proof of distinction by some original contribution to the advancement of science or of learning." When awarded without an application by the conferee, it is awarded as an honorary degree. A Doctor of Letters is a commonly awarded honorary degree.

## References
Dodge Caliber

The **Dodge Caliber** was a compact hatchback that was sold from 2006 to 2012 by Chrysler. It was often categorized as a station wagon or a crossover (due to its limited AWD). The Caliber was the replacement of the Dodge Neon. It was built on the Chrysler PM/MK platform which was also used on the Jeep Compass, Jeep Patriot, and Mitsubishi models as well. The Caliber was discontinued in 2012 and replaced by the Dodge Dart, which was a badge engineered sedan used on Alfa Romeo models.

## References
Anne-Marie Lizin

**Anne-Marie Lizin** (5 January 1949 – 17 October 2015) was a Belgian politician. She served as the President of the Senate of Belgium from 2004 to 2007.

## Career
From 1970 to 1976 she was an alderman of Ben-Ahin, and from 1980 to 1982 from Huy. From 1983 to 2009 she was mayor of Huy.

In 1979, Lizin was elected as an elected Member of the European Parliament. In 1988, she was elected into the Belgian government, and served in office for eight years. In 2003, she became President of the Commission for External Relations and Defence of the Belgian Senate.

In 2004, she was appointed President of the Senate of Belgium, before finally becoming Senator in July 2007. She was the first female President of the Belgian Senate (2004–2007).

On 27 January 2009 she was banned from the Socialist Party after a corruption case.

## Death
Lizin was hospitalized in Paris on 7 October 2015. She later died in Huy, on 17 October 2015 at the age of 66.

## References
## Other websites
*Anne-Marie Lizin (Senate)
Legal burden of proof

The **burden of proof** () is a level of  that a party seeking to prove a fact must reach before it is accepted in a court of law. 

In a criminal case the burden of proof is on the prosecution. 

## Affirmative defense 
If a defendant in a civil or criminal case wants to provide an alternative set of facts to those provided by the prosecution or the plaintiff, this is called an "affirmative defense". This shifts the burden of proof to the defendant to prove his or her version of the facts. The defendant would seek to  or  his or her actions that brought the lawsuit. Common affirmative defenses include entrapment, Self-defense, unclean hands, insanity, and the statute of limitations.

## Preponderance of the evidence
Preponderance of the evidence, also known as  the "balance of probabilities" is the standard required in most civil cases. It is also used in family court for determinations solely involving money, such as child support under the Child Support Standards Act.

The standard is met if the proposition is more likely to be true than not true. The standard is satisfied if there is greater than fifty percent chance that the proposition is true. Lord Denning, in *Miller v. Minister of Pensions*, described it simply as "more probable than not." Until 1970, this was also the standard used in juvenile court in the United States. This is a far lower burden than "beyond a reasonable doubt," the threshold a prosecutor must meet in criminal trials.

## Beyond a reasonable doubt
This is the highest standard used as the burden of proof in common law countries. It usually only applies in criminal proceedings. If there is a real doubt, based upon reason and common sense after careful and impartial consideration of all the evidence (or lack of evidence) in a case, then the level of proof has not been met. If the jury, or judge in a bench trial, has no doubt as to the defendant's guilt, or if their only doubts are unreasonable doubts, then the prosecutor has proved the defendant is guilty.

## References
Neill Sheridan

**Neill Rawlins Sheridan** (November 20, 1921 – October 15, 2015), also called **Wild Horse** was an American professional baseball player.  He was born in Sacramento, California and played in the minor leagues from 1943 to 1954. Sheridan played for the Boston Red Sox in 1948.

Sheridan died of pneumonia in Antioch, California, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
*Neill Sheridan on Society for American Baseball Research Biography Project
Ralph Andrews

**Ralph Herrick Andrews** (December 17, 1927 – October 16, 2015) was an American television producer. He was best known for producing the hit 1960s game show ''You Don't Say!*, the 1970s game show *Celebrity Sweepstakes*, and the original 1987 version of *Lingo''.

On October 16, 2015, Andrews died of Alzheimer's disease in Ventura, California at the age of 87.

## References
Luciano García Alén

**Luciano García Alén** (1928 &ndash; 16 October 2015) was a Spanish physician, researcher and ethnographer. He was known for studying the Galician culture. He was born in Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain.

Alén died in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain, aged 87.

## References
Sergei Filippenkov

**Sergei Aleksandrovich Filippenkov** (; 2 August 1971 – 15 October 2015) was a Russian football manager and player.

Filippenkov died of a heart attack during a friendly match between former players on 15 October 2015.

## References
Francesc de Paula Burguera

**Francesc de Paula Burguera i Escrivà** (13 July 1928 – 16 October 2015) was a Spanish journalist and politician. He was born in Sueca, Valencia. Burguera served in the Congress of Deputies from 1977 to 1979, representing his hometown district. He was awarded the Creu de Sant Jordi in 1999.

Burguera died of heart failure in Valencia, Spain, aged 87.

## References
Pontevedra

**Pontevedra** () is a Spanish city in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. It is the capital of both the *Comarca* (County) and Province of Pontevedra, and of the Rias Baixas in Galicia. As of 2014, the population was 82,946.

## References
## Other websites
* Concello de Pontevedra  - Official site of the local government (in Galician and Spanish, with summarised versions in English and French)
* Turismo en Pontevedra  - Official site of the Pontevedra tourist board, maintained by the local government (in Galician, English, Spanish and French)
* Galicia: cities to live, cities to enjoy (PDF; 13,7&nbsp;MB)
* Rias Baixas
Larry N. Vanderhoef

**Larry Neil Vanderhoef** (March 20, 1941 – October 15, 2015) was an American biochemist and academic. He was the 5th chancellor of University of California, Davis serving from 1994 through 2009. He was born in Perham, Minnesota.

Vanderhoef died on October 15, 2015 from complications of a stroke in Davis, California, aged 74.

## References
MV Derbyshire

The '*MV *Derbyshire'''* was an ore-bulk-oil combination carrier. It was built in 1976. It was the last in the series of the *Bridge*-class ships. It was registered at Liverpool. It was owned by Bibby Line.

The ship was lost on 9 September 1980 during Typhoon Orchid. All 42 crew members and two of their wives were killed during the sinking. 

*Derbyshire'' was launched in 1975. It went into service the following year.

## References
Jordi Miralles

**Jordi Miralles i Conte** (27 April 1962 – 14 October  2015) was a Spanish politician. He was born in Barcelona. He represented the district in the Parliament of Catalonia from 2003 to 2012. He was a member of the United and Alternative Left.

Miralles died in Bellvitge, Spain of meningitis, aged 53.

## References
Phil Lesh

**Phillip Chapman Lesh** (March 15, 1940 – October 25, 2024) was an American musician. He was one of the founding members of the Grateful Dead, with whom he played bass guitar throughout their 30-year career. After the band's disbanding in 1995, Lesh continued the tradition of Grateful Dead family music with side project Phil Lesh and Friends.

In October 2015, Lesh revealed that he had undergone surgery as treatment for bladder cancer.  He stated that his prognosis was good and that he expected to make a full recovery.

Lesh died on October 25, 2024 at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
* Philzone.com—Phil Lesh and Friends fan site
* Parker, T. Virgil. "Phil Lesh: All in the Music", *College Crier* 
* https://archive.org/search.php?query=phil%20lesh%20AND%20friends free download of Phil Lesh and Friends audio
Public good

is a public good because it is non-excludable (impossible to prevent people from using it) and non-rivalrous (one individual's use does not reduce availability to others).]]
In Economics, a **public good** is a kind of common good. Public goods have two main properties:
*It is not possible to prevent someone from consuming the good. 
*If a person consumes the good, this does not reduce the availabililty of the good to others.
Examples for public goods are fresh air, knowledge, street lighting, or a fireworks display.

Public goods are an example of market failure: If all actors maximize their gain, this does not produce an efficient solution. 

It is obvious that because the goods are non-excludable, it means that a producer sees no benefit in producing or providing the good on the market, this is because it is impossible to make a profit from it as people who have not paid for the good. For this reason, the government may intervene to provide it. There are relatively few examples of *purely* public goods, however some examples are:
*Flood Control
*Public water supplies
*Street lighting
*Lighthouse protection
*National Defence Services
*Parks and other public recreational areas

The reason that the government feels the need to provide these goods is because the Marginal Social Benefit is greater than the Marginal Private Benefit, and so because there are positive externalities in consumption, it will always be under consumed in the market mechanism.
## References
Common good (economics)

are an example of common goods. They are non-excludable, as it is impossible to prevent people from catching fish. They are, however, rivalrous, as the same fish cannot be caught more than once.]]In Economics **common goods** are a kind of good. Common goods have two properties:
*It is not possible to prevent people from using them (called *excludability*)
*A person making use of the good will reduce its amount.
An example for a common good is wild fish.

## Other page
*Public good
Corona

, the solar corona can be seen by the naked eye.]]

A **corona** is an aura of plasma which surrounds the sun and other stars. The Sun's corona extends millions of kilometres into space and is most easily seen during a total solar eclipse. It is also observable with a device called a coronagraph. The word "corona" is a Latin word meaning "crown", from the Ancient Greek κορώνη (korōnē, “garland, wreath”).

The Sun's corona is much hotter (by a factor from 150 to 450) than the visible surface of the Sun. The photosphere's average temperature is 5800 kelvin compared to the corona's one to three million kelvin. The corona is 10−12 times as dense as the photosphere, and so produces about one-millionth as much visible light. The corona is separated from the photosphere by the relatively shallow chromosphere. The exact mechanism by which the corona is heated is still the subject of some debate. The outer edges of the Sun's corona are constantly being blown away by the open magnetic flux generating the solar wind.

## References
Non-denominational Muslim

**Non-denominational Muslims** () are Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches. Such Muslims do not think of themselves as belonging to a sect or denomination but rather as "just Muslims" or "non-denominational Muslims." Muslims who do not adhere to a sect are also known as "non-sectarian Muslims". 

, known for his attempts to end sectarian rivalry in Islam]]

In Lithuania, non-denominational Muslims fall into the category of "non-traditional religious communities" and are formally separated by law from Sunnis.

## Beliefs 
Non-sectarian Muslims often cite Qur'anic verses to support their stance, including 3:103: "And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. And remember the favor of Allah upon you - when you were enemies and He brought your hearts together and you became, by His favor, brothers. And you were on the edge of a pit of the Fire, and He saved you from it." Critics of non-denominational Muslims argue that they misinterpret the Qur'anic injunction against division, neglect the broader Islamic teachings and hadiths, and disregard Islamic jurisprudence (*fiqh*).

Unlike Sunnis, Shias, Ibadis, and Ahmadis, non-denominational Muslims are not affiliated with any madhhab (school of thought). Some Muslims who oppose sectarian divisions also reject hadith, believing that hadith contribute to sectarianism.

## Around the world
Most people in the Middle East identify as either Sunni or Shia; many Muslims identify as non-denominational.  According to a 2012 study by the Pew Research Center, Muslims who do not identify with a sect and identify as "just Muslim" are found primarily in Central Asia. According to World Atlas, 30% of Moroccans are non-denominational Muslims, and two thirds belong to the Sunni denomination. Southeast Europe also has a large number of Muslims who do not identify with a sect.
*Hafiz
*Altaf Hussain Hali
*Kassim Ahmad
*Muhammad Abduh
*Muhammad Akram Khan
*Muhammad Iqbal
*Aga Khan III
*Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 
*Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
*Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
*Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
*Abdullah II of Jordan
*Muhammad VI of Morocco

## See also
*Sectarianism
*Hadith rejectors
*Muslim Hebraists
*Qur'an
*Neo-Mu'tazilites

## References
Plant hormone

**Plant hormones** (or **Phytohormones**) are chemicals that regulate plant growth. In the UK they are called 'plant growth substances'. The best known plant hormone is auxin.

Plant hormones are signal molecules produced within the plant. They occur in extremely low concentrations. Hormones regulate cellular processes in targeted cells. Hormones also govern the formation of flowers, stems, leaves, the shedding of leaves, and the development and ripening of fruit.

Plants, unlike animals, lack glands that produce and secrete hormones.  Individual cells can produce hormones. They affect which tissues grow upward and which grow downward, leaf formation and stem growth, fruit development and ripening, plant longevity, and even plant death. Hormones are vital to plant growth, and, lacking them, plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated cells. So they are also known as growth factors or growth hormones.

Phytohormones are found not only in higher plants, but in algae too, with similar functions. They also occur in fungi and bacteria, where they may be used to induce beneficial reactions in host plants.

## References
Gamal El-Ghitani

**Gamal el-Ghitani**, (9 May 1945 &ndash; 18 October 2015) was an Egyptian author of historical and political novels and cultural and political commentaries. He was the editor-in-chief of the literary periodical *Akhbar Al-Adab* ("Cultural News") from 2011 until his death in 2015.

He died on 18 October 2015 at the El Galaa Hospital For Armed Forces Officers Families in Cairo from a heart attack, aged 70.

## References
Carrie (2002 movie)

***Carrie*** is a 2002 NBC television movie and remake of the movie Carrie based on the best-selling novel by Stephen King. The movie was a backdoor pilot for a possible television series and the ending of the novel was changed to allow for a continuing series; but no followup series was ever produced. Carrie was remade again in 2013.

## Cast
* Angela Bettis as Carrie White
* Patricia Clarkson as Margaret White
* Rena Sofer as Miss Desjarden (as spelled in the movie credits)
* Kandyse McClure as Sue Snell
* Emilie De Ravin as Chris Hargensen
* Katharine Isabelle as Tina Blake
* Chelan Simmons as Helen Shyres
* Tobias Mehler as Tommy Ross
* Jesse Cadotte as Billy Nolan
* Meghan Black as Norma Watson
* David Keith as Detective John Mulcahey
* Steve Byers as Roy Evarts
* Miles Meadows as Kenny Garson
* Laurie Murdoch as Principal Morton
* Michael Kopsa as John Hargensen
* Malcolm Scott as Jackie Talbot
* Jodelle Ferland as Little Carrie White
* Michaela Mann as Estelle Horan

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Northwestern State University

**Northwestern State University of Louisiana** also known as (**NSULA**) is a college in Natchitoches, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.
All at Once (Whitney Houston song)

"**All at Once**" is a song written by Michael Masser and Jeffrey Osborne and recorded by Whitney Houston. It was released as a single in Japan and several European countries in 1985–1986.  While it did not receive an official single release in the United States, the song did receive significant radio airplay there.

It became the first hit for Whitney Houston in the Netherlands in April 1985.

The song is a heartbreak ballad about a lover who leaves without warning and the damage it does. Houston performed the song at the 1987 American Music Awards.

## References
Tākaka

**Takaka** is a small town on the South Island of New Zealand. It is the main town in the Tasman District.

## References