open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yoichiro Kakitani

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Kakitani was born in Osaka on January 3, 1990. He joined J1 League club Cerezo Osaka from their youth team in 2006. However Cerezo was relegated to J2 League end of the 2006 season. He played many matches from 2007. In June 2009, he moved to Tokushima Vortis on loan. He played as regular player until the 2011 season. In 2012, he returned to Cerezo which playing in J1. In 2013, he scored 21 goals and was selected Best Eleven award. In July 2014, he moved to Swiss Super League club Basel. In January 2016, he returned to Cerezo which playing in J2. Cerezo was promoted to J1 from 2017. In 2017, Cerezo won the champions in the J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup. In 2021, he moved to Nagoya Grampus.

In July 2013, Kakitani was selected the Japan national team for 2013 East Asian Cup. At this tournament, he debuted and scored a goal against China on July 21. In 2014, he also played at 2014 World Cup. He played 18 games and scored 5 goals for Japan until 2014.

## Statistics
|-
|2006||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||J1 League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|J2 League||21||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||2
|-
|2008||24||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|-
|2009||6||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||2
|-
|2009||rowspan="3"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="3"|J2 League||27||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||4
|-
|2010||34||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||36||4
|-
|2011||36||6||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||37||6
|-
|2012||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J1 League||30||11||3||1||7||5||colspan="2"|-||40||17
|-
|2013||34||21||0||0||8||3||colspan="2"|-||42||24
|-
|2014||14||1||0||0||0||0||8||4||22||5

|-
|2014/15||rowspan="2"|Basel||rowspan="2"|Super League||14||3||3||4||colspan="2"|-||3||0||20||7
|-
|2015/16||4||1||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||1

|-
|2016||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||J2 League||20||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||5
|-
|2017||rowspan="4"|J1 League||34||6||3||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||42||8
|-
|2018||21||4||2||0||2||0||3||1||28||5
|-
|2019||23||3||3||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||30||4
|-
|2020||24||1||colspan="2"|-||4||1||colspan="2"|-||28||2
|-
|2019||Cerezo Osaka U-23||J3 League||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2021||Nagoya Grampus||J1 League||||||||||||||||||||
350||70||16||3||30||10||11||5||407||88
18||4||8||4||colspan="2"|-||3||0||29||8
368||74||24||7||30||10||14||5||436||96
|}

|-
|2013||9||4
|-
|2014||9||1
|-
!Total||18||5
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Colorful puffleg

The **colorful puffleg** (*Eriocnemis mirabilis*) is a critically endangered hummingbird endemic to Colombia. The colorful puffleg population is estimated as about 250–999 adult birds.

These colorful birds were first found in 1967 by photographer John Dunning who was below Cerro Munchique when he caught the colorful puffleg. He described it as a "miraculous bird".

The male has a shining green head, chest, and upper belly. He has brighter patches of green on his forehead. Both sexes has a bright blue belly, a red and yellow tail, and white feet. The feet have a light cinnamon brown color on them.

In 2005, Swarovski donated funds which allowed the American Bird Conservancy and Fundación ProAves to create a reserve for this species.
Elías Figueroa

**Elías Figueroa** (born 25 October 1946) is a former Chilean football player. He has played for Chile national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1964||Unión La Calera||Primera División||30||0
|-
|1965||rowspan="2"|Santiago Wanderers||rowspan="2"|Primera División||30||0
|-
|1966||24||0

|-
|1967||rowspan="5"|Peñarol||rowspan="5"|Primera División||||
|-
|1968||||
|-
|1969||||
|-
|1970||||
|-
|1971||||

|-
|1971||rowspan="6"|Internacional||rowspan="6"|Série A||3||0
|-
|1972||26||1
|-
|1973||40||2
|-
|1974||23||1
|-
|1975||25||3
|-
|1976||22||1

|-
|1977||rowspan="4"|Palestino||rowspan="4"|Primera División||34||1
|-
|1978||33||3
|-
|1979||24||1
|-
|1980||27||1

|-
|1981||Fort Lauderdale Strikers||NASL||22||0

|-
|1982||Colo-Colo||Primera División||17||0
219||6
||
139||8
22||0
380||14
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1966||||
|-
|1967||||
|-
|1968||||
|-
|1969||||
|-
|1970||||
|-
|1971||||
|-
|1972||||
|-
|1973||||
|-
|1974||5||0
|-
|1975||0||0
|-
|1976||0||0
|-
|1977||5||2
|-
|1978||0||0
|-
|1979||8||1
|-
|1980||2||0
|-
|1981||2||0
|-
|1982||7||0
|-
!Total||47||2
|}

## Honours
'''Peñarol
* Primera División: 1967, 1968
* Intercontinental Champions' Supercup: 1969
* Copa Libertadores runner-up: 1970

**Internacional**
* Campeonato Gaúcho: 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 1975, 1976

**Palestino**
* Copa Chile: 1977
* Primera División: 1978

**Chile**
* Copa América runner-up: 1979

**Individual**

## References
List of hummingbirds

The following is a list of all hummingbird species in alphabetical order.

## Related pages
* Sunbird
* Honeyeater
* Bird
Lee Eul-yong

**Lee Eul-Yong** (born 8 September 1975) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1998||rowspan="5"|Bucheon SK||rowspan="5"|K-League||14||3||||||19||0||colspan="2"|-||33||3
|-
|1999||17||1||||||8||0||colspan="2"|-||25||1
|-
|2000||27||5||||||10||0||colspan="2"|-||37||5
|-
|2001||26||2||||||0||0||colspan="2"|-||26||2
|-
|2002||6||0||||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0

|-
|2002/03||Trabzonspor||Süper Lig||19||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||0

|-
|2003||Anyang LG Cheetahs||K-League||17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2004||Seoul||K-League||10||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Trabzonspor||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||26||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||32||0
|-
|2005/06||29||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||34||1

|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Seoul||rowspan="3"|K-League||14||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2007||22||0||2||0||8||1||colspan="2"|-||32||1
|-
|2008||21||0||0||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Gangwon||rowspan="2"|K-League||22||0||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|2009||||||||||||||||||||
196||11||6||0||56||1||colspan="2"|-||258||12
74||1||8||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0||87||1
270||12||14||0||56||1||5||0||345||13
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||7||0
|-
|2002||16||1
|-
|2003||12||1
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
!Total||51||3
|}

## References
Big Max

**Big Max** is a type of squash that can grow to be more than 100 pounds. They can also be  in diameter if they are grown properly. They are commonly called pumpkins, but this is not entirely correct; Big Max are instead "squash-type pumpkins". They have a bright orange color, with fine-grained, yellow-orange flesh. The skin has deep lines in it and is slightly roughened, and can be up to  thick. This makes Big Max squash good for keeping. The flesh is good for being canned and frozen. They are said to not be as flavorful as smaller pumpkin varieties. The variety was hybridized, or created, for its large size. They have been grown as big as 300 pounds. Individual fruits are round to slightly flattened. Although  are different, seeds are often planted at  deep, spaced  apart.

## References
Roger Waters

**George Roger Waters** (born 6 September 1943) is an English rock musician. He was born in Great Bookham, Surrey and moved to Cambridge during his early childhood. He is best known as the bass player, co-lead singer, principal lyricist, and founder member of the English rock band Pink Floyd (1964–1986). Waters became the main songwriter in Pink Floyd after Syd Barrett left in January 1968. He sang lead vocals on at least one half of all Pink Floyd tracks when he was with the band. Many consider 1973–1979 to be the Golden Age of the Waters era Pink Floyd, during which time they released four studio albums. 

Released in 1973, *The Dark Side of the Moon* is one of the top selling albums of all time. Pink Floyd followed the success of *Dark Side* with *Wish You Were Here* (1975), *Animals* (1977) and  1979's *The Wall*, a double album considered by many to be rock's finest. *The Wall*, based on the life struggles of Roger Waters, is the best selling double disk of all time, and as Pink Floyd's second definitive album, it solidified their status among the world's elite rock bands.  In 1983 Pink Floyd released their tenth studio album, *The Final Cut*.  Written and almost entirely sung by Roger, (Gilmour sang on just one track), it is the only Pink Floyd album on which Waters is credited for the writing and composition of every song. *The Final Cut* is more fairly considered Roger's first solo album, essentially using David Gilmour and Nick Mason as studio musicians. One of rock music's most critically acclaimed and commercially successful acts, Pink Floyd has sold over 200 million albums worldwide, including 74.5 million in the United States.

Following his legal and philosophical split with Pink Floyd in 1986, Waters began a solo career, releasing three studio albums, *The Pros and Cons of Hitchhiking* (1984), *Radio K.A.O.S.*  (1987), and in 1992, the highly acclaimed *Amused to Death*. In 1990, Roger staged one of the largest rock concerts ever, *The Wall Concert in Berlin*, on the vacant land between Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate. In 2005 he released the critically acclaimed opera, *Ça Ira*, which would go on to top the classical charts in America and Britain, as well as joining Nick Mason, Richard Wright and David Gilmour, for an historical performance at the 2 July 2005 Live 8 concert in London's Hyde Park, Pink Floyd's first public performance with Roger in 24 years.

Waters has toured extensively as a solo act since 2005, performing *Dark Side* to sold out audiences and critical acclaim the world over. Waters performed an extensive tour of *The Wall* between 2010 and 2013. He is often criticised for his statements about Israel. Because of those, German cities have  tried to ban his concerts.

## Notes
Small-eared dormouse

The **small-eared dormouse** (*Graphiurus microtis*) is a species of rodent in the Gliridae family. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. 

## References
*Holden, M. E.. 2005. Family Gliridae. Pp. 819-841 *in* Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
* Schlitter, D. & Grubb, P. 2004.  Graphiurus microtis.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 29 July 2007.
Travira Air

**Travira Air** (IATA: TR) is an airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It operates flights between Indonesian cities and other Asian countries. These flights are "chartered" by companies - this means that they do not follow fixed times. It is a small/middle size operator. 

Travira's aircraft are used by big mineral companies including  ExxonMobil and West Natuna Consortium. They are also used by mining companies in Sumbawa and East Kalimantan. 

## Fleet 
Since September 2008 Travira Air operated the following aircraft:

*1 Boeing 737-5L9
*1 Dash 8
*1 De Havilland Canada Dash 7C
*6 Raytheon Beech 1900D Airliner
*4 Cessna 208 Caravan
*2 Bell 412 EP helicopters
*2 Bolkow 105 helicopters
*1 Sikorsky S-76A helicopter
*2 Sikorsky S-76A++ helicopters
*1 Sikorsky S-76C helicopter
*1 Sikorsky S-76C+ helicopter
*2 Ecureuil AS350B2 helicopters
*1 Hawker 800XP

## Other websites
*

## References
Martial eagle

The **martial eagle** (*Polemaetus bellicosus*) is a bird of prey. It lives in Africa and is the biggest eagle in Africa, 76 to 96&nbsp;cm (30–38&nbsp;in) long, and its wingspan is 188–260&nbsp;cm (6.2–8.5&nbsp;ft) long. Because of its size, it hunts large prey, including birds as large as flamingos and mammals as large as young impala.
Edible dormouse

The **edible dormouse** or **fat dormouse** (*Glis glis*) is a small dormouse and the only species in the genus ***Glis***.

Fat dormice are the largest dormice in Europe. The ancient Romans used to breed them to be eaten (usually as a snack). This is the reason for the word *edible* in its name. The dormice were kept in large pits or in terra cotta containers (which were called *gliraria*), which were like modern hamster cages.

Wild edible dormice are still eaten in Slovenia, and trapping dormice is a Slovenian tradition. Using dormice for food and fur is mentioned in documents which were written in the 13th century. They also mention the use of dormouse fat as a medicine. Poor and hungry peasants would eat dormice during winter because it is a good protein source.

The edible dormouse lives in Europe.  It was accidentally introduced to the town of Tring in England after some dormice escaped from the private  of Lionel Walter Rothschild in 1902.  The British edible dormouse population is about 10,000 
This animal is seen as a pest by some people.

## References 
* 

## Other websites 
* The Dormouse Hollow
* Rodent page from Mammals Trust UK (includes sound file of Glis glis cry) 
* Amersham.org page on Glis glis
Bacillus subtilis

***Bacillus subtilis*** is an endospore-forming bacterium. 

It is the source of the antibiotic bacitracin. *Bacillus subtilis* is a gram positive, rod-shaped bacterium. It is a facultative anaerobe commonly found in soil, and is also found in the gut flora.
Leap year starting on Thursday

This article describes any **leap year starting on Thursday**. Examples include 1920 1948, 1976, 2004, 2032, 2060, and 2088 in the Gregorian Calendar, which is used in most of the world. Similarly, the dominical letter is DC.

In this leap year January, April, and July start on Thursday, February and August start on Sunday, March and November start on Monday, May starts on Saturday, June starts on Tuesday, September and December start on Wednesday and October starts on Friday. Thus, there are three months that begin on a weekend day. This is one of four leap years with this property, the others being Leap year starting on Monday, Leap year starting on Tuesday, and Leap year starting on Wednesday.

This leap year is one of three leap years that have two Friday the 13ths, the others being Leap year starting on Monday and Leap year starting on Wednesday. The Friday the 13ths in this leap year are in February and in August.

This leap year is one of three leap years with two Friday the 17ths, the others being Leap year starting on Saturday and Leap year starting on Sunday. The Friday the 17ths in this leap year are in September and in December. Common years starting on Friday share this characteristic.

This leap year is the only leap year with three Tuesday the 13ths. The Tuesday the 13ths in this leap year are January, April, and July. The other type of year with three Tuesday the 13ths is Common year starting on Monday, which has Tuesday the 13ths in February, March, and November. From July of this type of year to September of the year that follows it (Common year starting on Saturday) is the longest period (14 months) without a Tuesday the 13th.

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 19, Valentine’s Day is on a Saturday, Presidents Day is on February 16, the leap day, February 29, is on a Sunday, Daylight Saving Time begins on it latest possible date, March 14, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Wednesday, Mother’s Day is on May 9, Memorial Day is on its latest possible date, May 31, Father’s Day is on June 20, Independence Day is on a Sunday, Labor Day is on September 6, Columbus Day is on October 11, Halloween is on a Sunday, Daylight Savings Time ends on its latest possible date, November 7, Veterans Day is on a Thursday, Thanksgiving is on November 25, and Christmas is on a Saturday.

This leap year has the longest gap between leap day (February 29) and the start of Daylight Savings Time (March 14) by 14 days. This leap year also has the longest gap between Halloween (October 31) and the end of Daylight Savings Time (November 7) by 7 days. Prior to 2007, Halloween and the end of Daylight Savings Time occurred on the same day in this leap year. The last such year when this happened was in 2004.

This is the only leap year with five Sundays, as February 29 adds that extra Sunday.

## Calendar
The ISO year has 53 weeks in this kind of year, and the ISO week 10 (which begins March 1) and all ISO weeks after are  earlier than in other years.

## References
Leap year starting on Monday

This article describes any **leap year starting on Monday**. Examples include 1912, 1940, 1968, 1996, 2024, 2052 and 2080 in the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most of the world.

In this leap year January, April, and July begin on Monday, February and August begin on Thursday, March and November begin on Friday, May begins on Wednesday, June begins on Saturday, September and December begin on Sunday, and October begins on Tuesday. Thus, there are three months that begin on a weekend day. This is one of four leap years with this property, the others being Leap year starting on Tuesday, Leap year starting on Wednesday, and Leap year starting on Thursday.

This leap year is one of three leap years that have two Friday the 13ths, the other two being Leap year starting on Wednesday and Leap year starting on Thursday. The Friday the 13ths in this leap year are in September and December. This characteristic is shared with a Common year starting on Tuesday. The dominical letters GF make up these years.

This leap year is one of three leap years with only one Friday the 17th, the others being Leap year starting on Tuesday and Leap year starting on Friday. The only Friday the 17th in this leap year is in May. Common years starting on Tuesday share this characteristic.

This leap year is one of three leap years with two Tuesday the 13ths, the others being Leap year starting on Friday and Leap year starting on Sunday. The Tuesday the 13ths in this leap year are in February and August.

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on its earliest possible date, January 15, Valentine’s Day is on a Wednesday, Presidents Day is on February 19, the leap day itself, February 29, is on a Thursday, Daylight Savings Time begins on March 10, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Sunday, Mother’s Day is on May 12, Memorial Day is on May 27, Father’s Day is on June 16, Independence Day is on a Thursday, Labor Day is on September 2, Columbus Day is on its latest possible date, October 14, Halloween is on a Thursday, Daylight Savings Time ends on November 3, Veterans Day is on a Monday, Thanksgiving is on its latest possible date, November 28, Christmas Eve, December 24, is on a Tuesday, Christmas, December 25, is on a Wednesday, and last but not lease, New Year's Eve, December 31st, is on a Tuesday.

## Calendar
Marcelo Sosa

**Marcelo Sosa** (born 6 February 1978) is an Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1996||rowspan="8"|Danubio||rowspan="8"|Primera División||4||0
|-
|1997||14||0
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||18||1
|-
|2000||26||5
|-
|2001||28||1
|-
|2002||35||6
|-
|2003||29||4

|-
|2004||Spartak Moscow||Premier League||8||0

|-
|2004/05||Atlético Madrid||La Liga||28||0
|-
|2005/06||Osasuna||La Liga||11||0

|-
|2006/07||River Plate||Primera División||2||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Nacional||rowspan="2"|Primera División||11||1
|-
|2007/08||11||0

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Estudiantes Tecos||rowspan="2"|Primera División||14||0
|-
|2008/09||21||0

|-
|2009/10||Peñarol||Primera División||||
177||18
8||0
39||0
2||0
35||0
261||18
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|2003||12||1
|-
|2004||11||1
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
!Total||27||2
|}

## References
Leap year starting on Friday

A **leap year starting on Friday** is any year with 366 days (i.e. it includes 29 February) that begins on Friday 1 January and ends on Saturday 31 December. Examples include 1904, 1932, 1960, 1988, 2016, 2044, and 2072 in the Gregorian Calendar which is used in most of the world. Its dominical letter hence is CB.

In this leap year January, April, and July begin on Friday, February and August begin on Monday, March and November begin on Tuesday, May begins on Sunday, June begins on Wednesday, September and December begin on Thursday, and October begins on Saturday. Thus, there are two months that begin on a weekend day. Since at least one month starts on each day of the week in all years, this is the fewest possible number of months to begin on a weekend day. This is the only leap year in which this occurs but it occurs in a Common year starting on Friday in which the two months are May and August.

This leap year is one of three leap years with only one Friday the 13th, the others being Leap year starting on Tuesday and Leap year starting on Saturday. The Friday the 13th in this leap year is in May. This characteristic is shared with a common year starting on Saturday.

This leap year is one of three leap years with only one Friday the 17th, the others being Leap year starting on Monday and Leap year starting on Tuesday. The only Friday the 17th in this leap year is in June. Common years starting on Saturday share this characteristic.

This leap year is one of three leap years with two Tuesday the 13ths, the others being Leap year starting on Sunday and Leap year starting on Monday. The Tuesday the 13ths in this leap year are in September and December. Common years starting on Saturday share this characteristic.

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 18, Valentine’s Day is on a Sunday, Presidents Day is on its earliest possible date, February 15, the leap day, February 29, is on a Monday, Daylight Savings Time begins on March 13, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Thursday, Mother’s Day is on its earliest possible date, May 8, Memorial Day is on May 30, Father’s Day is on June 19, Independence Day is on a Monday, Labor Day is on September 5, Columbus Day is on October 10, Halloween is on a Monday, Daylight Savings Time ends on November 6, Veterans Day is on a Friday, Thanksgiving is on November 24, and Christmas is on a Sunday.

## Calendar
Djalminha

**Djalminha** (born December 9, 1970) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
### Football
**Flamengo**
*Copa do Brasil: 1990
*Campeonato Carioca: 1991
*Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 1992

**Palmeiras**
*Campeonato Paulista: 1996

**Deportivo**
*La Liga: 1999–2000
*Copa del Rey: 2001–02
*Supercopa de España: 2000, 2002

**Austria Wien**
*Austrian Football Bundesliga: 2002–03

**Brazil**
*Copa América: 1997

**Individual**
*Bola de Prata: 1993, 1996
*Bola de Ouro: 1996

### Indoor football
**Deportivo**
*Spanish League: 2007–08, 2009–10
*Spanish Cup: 2007–08, 2009–10

**Flamengo**
*Brazilian Championship: 2009

**Brazil**
*Indoor Football World Cup: 2006

**Individual**
*Indoor Football World Cup MVP: 2006
*Brazilian Championship Top Scorer: 2009

## References
Homer Defined

"**Homer Defined**" is the fifth episode of ***The Simpsons*** third season, which first started on November 1, 1991. The episode has the first  of "Milhouse's mother" and the first time his last name, "Van Houten", is used.

## Other websites 
*
*
*
Like Father, Like Clown

"**Like Father, Like Clown**" is the sixth episode of ***The Simpsons*** third season. It first started on the Fox network in the United States on October 24, 1991. In this episode, Krusty the Clown says to the Simpson family that he is of "Jewish heritage", and that his father, "Rabbi Hyman Krustofski", disowned him for keeping a job in comedy. Krusty is sad and Bart and Lisa  to try to  Krusty with his long-estranged father.

## Other websites 
*
*
*
Treehouse of Horror II

"**Treehouse of Horror II**" is the sixth episode of ***The Simpsons*** third season, the second Simpsons Halloween episode, and the first Halloween episode where names in the closing credits were replaced by 'spooky name' parodies. The episode first started on October 31, 1991. The first part, "The Monkey's Paw", is a direct  to W.W. Jacobs's short story The Monkey's Paw, in which the Simpsons's wishes all backfire on them after buying a  hand of a monkey. In the second part, "The Bart Zone", Bart has  powers, and turns Homer into a jack-in-the-box,  in the two spending more time together. The part was a parody of The Twilight Zone episode "It's a Good Life". In the last part, "If I Only Had A Brain", Mr. Burns's head is  onto Homer's head after Mr. Burns tries to create a robot with Homer's brain.

## Other websites 
*
*
*
Anna's hummingbird

'''Anna's hummingbird'* (*Calypte anna'') is 9 to 10 centimetres (3.5 to 3.9 in) long. 

It has a bronze-green back, a light grey chest and belly, and green flanks. Its bill is long, straight and slender. The adult male has an iridescent crimson-red crown and throat, and a dark, slightly forked tail. Anna's is the only North American hummingbird species with a red crown. Females and young have a green crown, a grey throat with some red markings, a grey chest and belly, and a dark, rounded tail with white tips on the outer feathers.

These birds feed on nectar from flowers using a long tongue. They also eat small spiders and insects caught in flight. While  nectar, they also help in plant pollination. This species sometimes eats tree sap.
Hyundai Getz

The **Hyundai Getz** was a small Hatchback made by Hyundai from 2002 to 2011.

## History and Features 
The Hyundai Getz was shown first as a concept called Hyundai TB at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2001. It was later shown as a production model at the Geneva Motor Show in 2002. It was designed at Frankfurt. Its name reportedly means achieved by desirability and is a link-up of GET and GET IT. 

The Getz had a 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 liter petrol engines and 1.5 diesel engines with 5-speed manual transmission and a 4-speed automatic transmission. It got facelifted in 2005. 

## Markets 
The Hyundai Getz was sold worldwide, mainly in Europe and other places. In South Korea, it was sold as the Hyundai Click, in Japan as the Hyundai TB, in Venezuela under the Dodge brand as the Dodge Brisa, and in Malaysia as the Inokom Getz.

From 2008 to 2014, Blade Electric Vehicles, an Australian company, sold a converted electric version called Blade Electron in Australia and New Zealand.

## Discontinuation 
The production of The Hyundai Getz ended in 2008 and in Europe was replaced by the Hyundai i20. It was produced in other markets until 2011.

## References
Hyundai Sonata

The **Hyundai Sonata** is a car produced by Hyundai since 1985. The Sonata has been widely exported to many countries. 

## Gallery

File:SONATA 1st Front.JPG|First generation
File:'88-'89 Hyundai Sonata GLS (Front).jpg|Second generation
File:93-94 Hyundai Sonata.jpg|Third generation
File:3rd-Hyundai-Sonata.JPG|Fourth generation
File:06-2007 Hyundai Sonata.jpg|Fifth generation
File:2011 Hyundai Sonata SE 2 -- 06-20-2010.jpg|Sixth generation
File:Hyundai Sonata P4250857.jpg|Seventh generation
File:2020 Hyundai Sonata SEL (Quartz White), front right.jpg|Eighth generation

## References
Manchester code

The **Manchester code** is a binary encoding which also encodes the clock signal. This is very useful, because an external clock signal is no longer needed. A sequence of bits modulates the phase of the signal. This is a form of Phase shift keying, often shortened to PSK.

Otherwise put, the information about the signal is in its signal flanks, that is when the signal changes.

Manchester codes are widely used, for example for Ethernet or for RFID.

## Representation 
There are two ways to represent a Manchester code:
# A falling signal flank represents a logical *1* and ascending flank is a logical *0*. This is the original definition given by G.E. Thomas
# A falling signal flank is a logical *0*, the ascending one a logical *1*. This is the definition used by the original Ethernet standard.

To rule out ambiguities, Manchester codes use a *preamble*. A preamble is a fixed sequence that is known beforehand.

## Advantages and disadvantages 
One of the advantages of Manchester code is that the DC component of the signal carries no information. This makes it possible that standards that usually do not carry power can transmit this information. One of the drawbacks of the encoding is that it needs more bandwidth than other encodings, such as NRZ.
Lisa's Pony

"'''Lisa's Pony**" is the eighth episode of the third season of ***The Simpsons*'''. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 7, 1991. In this episode, Homer  Lisa by forgetting to buy the right reed for her saxophone.  to win back his daughter's love, Homer gives Lisa the one thing she has always wanted, a pony named "Princess." Homer  with two jobs to cover the cost of  and feeding the pony. Lisa, upon seeing what Homer must go through to pay for the pony,  to give it away.

## Other websites
*
*"Lisa's Pony" at The Simpsons.com
*
*
Hyundai i10

The **Hyundai i10** is a car produced by Hyundai since 2008. It is the successor of the Atos, and were based on the Kia Picanto's platform. It entered its second generation in 2013 and it became popular in the UK during the scrappage scheme in 2009.

## Engines 
* *1.1* 49 kW (66 hp)
* *1.25* 57 kW (78 hp)
* *1.1 CRDi* 55 kW (75 hp)
Black-breasted puffleg

The **black-breasted puffleg** (*Eriocnemis nigrivestis*) is a species of hummingbird that lives only in Ecuador. 

The average length of the black-breasted puffleg is 8.5 cm. It has a very  range, being found only on the northwestern parts of the Pichincha volcano. It is critically endangered.

## References
TAM

**TAM** or **Tam** can be:
* TAM Airlines, an airline in Brazil
* TAM Air, a Georgian airline
* Tamworth Railway Station
* The Australian Museum

## People 
* Reuben Tam (1916-1991), American/Hawaiian artist 
* Tam (name), version of "Tan", a common Chinese surname
* Thomas (name), a shortening of the name in Scots
Antacid

**Antacids** (or indigestion tablets) are used to help stop indigestion. People may get indigestion if they eat too much or if they eat too fast. With indigestion, the liquid in the stomach will become more acidic. Antacids will neutralise the acids. The reaction that is happening is called *neutralisation*. This is because the tablets are alkaline and the liquids in the stomach are acidic.

This reaction between the stomach acids and the antacid will make the acid change into harmless substances such as water or salt.

An example of an antacid is milk of magnesia.

Side effects from taking antacids are rare, but can include both constipation and diarrhea. They are also high in sodium so people with a heart condition on a low salt diet should ask their doctor before taking them.

## References
Down and Out in Paris and London

***Down and Out in Paris and London*** is a written exposé. It was written by George Orwell. 

Its target audience was the middle and upper class members of society. It exposes the poverty existing in two prosperous cities: Paris and London. 

The author talks about his time working as a pleunger (lowest possible position) in a Paris hotel and describes the hard life that is lived by thousands of Parisians. In London he is promised work, but the work is not there so he has to travel from homeless shelter to homeless shelter everyday with a group of homeless people.

## References
3rd millennium

The **3rd millennium** began on January 1, 2001 and will end on December 31, 3000.

Previous millenium: 2nd millenium

Next millenium: 4th millenium

## Events 
Many important things have already happened in the 3rd millennium. Social media became extremely popular and spread around the world. In 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic began; it eventually killed at least 7,057,132 people around the world.

### Wars 
There have been wars in many countries in the 3rd millennium. These have included:

* The Second Intifada (2000-2005)
* The war in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
* The global War on Terror (2001-2013)
* The war in Darfur (2003-2020)
* The Iraq War (2003-2011)
* The Second Lebanon War (2006)
* The Syrian Civil War (2011-2024)
* The Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)
* The 2014 Gaza War
* The Yemeni Civil War (2014-present)
* The 2021 Israel-Palestine crisis
* The Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022-present)
* The Gaza war (2023-present)

## Future predictions 
*By 2070, 1 billion to 3 billion people could be living in extreme heat because of climate change.
* On March 22, 2285, Easter will occur on its earliest possible date for the first time since 1818.
* 2400 will be the first century leap year since 2000.
* On June 6, 2079, any computer software using unsigned 16-bit binary day counts will overflow if it has a starting date of January 1, 1900.
* 2800 will be the second century leap year since 2000, and Earth will experience 241 lunar eclipses.

## Centuries and decades
## References
Plywood

plywood]]

**Plywood** is a manufactured wood which is made by gluing several thin sheets of wood together with the grain alternately running along the sheet then across it. 

The veneer is usually about 3 millimetres thick for each layer.  Interior layers of these boards are usually made from an inexpensive wood while the outer veneer layers are made from more expensive timber to give the board a nice wood grain appearance.  The glued layers are heated together to make the seal become better bonded. 

A common reason for using plywood instead of plain wood is its resistance to cracking, shrinking and changing shape.  It is cheaper than most plain woods as it reuses scrap wood, and it is stronger.

It is used to make a range of things from sheds, to cladding to cabinets. It is graded on the quality, from class A to class D, A being the best quality and D being the worst quality.

Different kinds of plywood are made for different purposes. Marine plywood, for example, is especially resistant to water. There is a world-wide industry making plywood for structural purposes. IKEA is well-known for using mostly plywood and chipboard in their indoor and outdoor furniture products.
Giant octopus

The **Giant octopus** is ***Enteroctopus***, and one of its species is the largest octopus. There are four species: the North Pacific Giant Octopus (*E. dofleini*), the Southern Giant Octopus (*Enteroctopus magnificus*), *E. megalocyathus*, and *E. zealandicus*.

## Overview 
The only member of this genus that deserves the common name "Giant octopus" is *Enteroctopus dofleini*. This holds the record of being the world's largest octopus: direct measurements were made of a live 71&nbsp;kg (156.5&nbsp;lb) individual. This octopus had a total length near to 4&nbsp;m (13&nbsp;ft). 

The remaining members of the genus are much smaller. *E. megalocyathus* has an average weight of 4&nbsp;kg and a total length of 1 m. *E. magnificus* has a total length of around 1.5 m.

## References
Plastid

A **plastid** is a self-reproducing organelle of plants and algae. A **plastome** is the DNA genome of a plastid.p341 They are like tiny machines inside cells: each makes or stores important chemicals used by the plant. 

Examples of plastids are: 
* Chloroplasts: photosynthesis; other plastids may have developed from chloroplasts. Etioplasts are chloroplasts which have not been exposed to light.
* Chromoplasts: pigment synthesis and storage. 
* Leucoplasts: colourless, make terpenes such as resin. Sometimes they develop into more specialized types of plastid:
** Amyloplasts: starch storage
** Elaioplasts: fat storage.
** Proteinoplasts: store & modify protein.
*** Statoliths: detect gravity.

## Plastids in algae
Plastids in algae and hornworts  may differ from plant plastids. In algae, the term "leucoplast" is used for all unpigmented plastids and their function differs from the leucoplasts of plants. 

Glaucocystophytic algae contain muroplasts, which are similar to chloroplasts except that they have a cell wall, similar to that of prokaryotes. Rhodophytic algae contain rhodoplasts, which are red chloroplasts which allow the algae to photosynthesise to a depth of up to 268 metres.

## Genetics and evolution 
Plastids are one of the many different types of organelles in the cell. In endosymbiont theory, plastids originated as cyanobacteria. This was first suggested by Mereschkowsky in 1905. Schimper in 1883 had said chloroplasts closely resembled cyanobacteria. 

Almost all chloroplasts are thought to derive directly or indirectly from a single endosymbiotic event. Mitochondria also derive from symbiosis, but chloroplasts are found only in plants and protista. The chloroplast is surrounded by a double-layered composite membrane with an intermembrane space; further, it has reticulations, or many infoldings, filling the inner spaces. The chloroplast has its own DNA, which codes for redox proteins involved in electron transport in photosynthesis.

## References
Mixotroph

is autotroph, **heterotroph**, or a subtype]]
A **mixotroph** is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon. Usually this means that it may be either autotroph or heterotroph at different times in its life. Also possible are alternations between photo- and chemotrophy, or between litho- and organotrophy. Mixotrophs can be either eukaryotes or prokaryotes.

## References
Reddish hermit

The **reddish hermit** (*Phaethornis ruber*) is a species of hummingbird. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and in the Guianas. The reddish hermit is 7.5&nbsp;cm in length, which makes it one of the smallest hermits. Its  habitats are forest and woodland, mostly humid.
Saturdays of Thunder

"**Saturdays of Thunder**" is the ninth episode of ***The Simpsons*** third season. It first started on the Fox Network in the United States on November 14, 1991.

## Story 
In this episode, Homer takes a fatherhood quiz and  that he knows nothing about Bart. He tries to be a better father and learns that Bart is entering in a "Soap Box Derby." Homer and Bart make a racer together, however it is not very good, and Bart  to drive Martin's much nicer racer instead. Homer is at first sad, but decides that he must be a good father and support Bart.

## Other websites 
*
*
*
Gray-tailed mountain-gem

The **gray-tailed mountain-gem** (*Lampornis cinereicauda*) is a species of hummingbird. It lives in the mountains of southern Costa Rica from the Cordillera de Talamanca southward to the border with Panama. 

Male gray-tailed mountain-gems have iridescent emerald green with a thouch of a bronzy brown mixed in. It has a gray tail, a bright blue-green forehead and top of the head, and a bright white throat next to iridescent blue-green on the upper belly. Both male and female have a straight, thin, black bill, a white stripe behind the eye, and blackish wings. 

The female gray-tailed mountain-gem are colored quite different then the male. They have an iridescent bronzy emerald green from the forehead, all the way to the tail, covering the whole backside. Their whole front side is a tan-orange color, all the way from the chin, to the lower belly; and a white-tipped, green tail, completes the coloring of the female.
Century leap year

In the Gregorian calendar, a **century leap year** is a year that is exactly divisible by 400. Like all other leap years, these years have February 29. If a year is divisible by 100 but not 400, it is a common year (not a leap year). For example, the years 1600 and 2000 were century leap years; the century years 1700, 1800, 1900 were common years, so will 2100, 2200, and 2300, despite being divisible by 4. The next century leap year will occur in the year 2400.  Century leap years always begin on Saturday and end on Sunday. Therefore, February 29 in those years always falls on a Tuesday.

The start days of exceptional common years (century years not evenly divisible by 400) also varies; the century year begins on a Friday if the remainder obtained by dividing it by 400 is 100, Wednesday if the remainder is 200, and Monday if the remainder is 300.

The Gregorian calendar more accurately tracks Earth's revolution around the Sun, more so than the older Julian calendar, in which every fourth year (including end–of–century years) is a leap year.  Because of this, the Julian calendar began to gradually drift with respect to the four seasons.  Each season has been occurring earlier and earlier over time.  Therefore when the Gregorian calendar was created in 1582, it eliminated this problem by specifying that end–of–century years are only leap years if divisible by 400. Therefore, 1700 was the first end–of–century year that to be a common year.

## References
Black metaltail

The **black metaltail** (*Metallura phoebe*) is a species of hummingbird. It can be found in Bolivia and Peru. It lives in subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

## References 
* BirdLife International 2004.  Metallura phoebe.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 10 July 2007.
Gloss

**Gloss** may be:

#A  or ed surface
#Lip gloss, a cosmetic
#A commentary written on a manuscript work which helps the reader to understand it. By extension, any written or spoken comments which throw light on a printed work.
Hyundai i20

The **Hyundai i20** is a small Hatchback made by Hyundai since 2008. It replaced the Hyundai Getz.

## First Generation (2008-2014) 
The Hyundai i20 uses a new plataform made at the Hyundai's techince Center in Russelsheim. It was made to compete in the Subcompact car segment. It was launched in 2008.

The i20 has 1.2, 1.25, 1.4 ,1.5, and 1.6 liter petrol engines and 1.1, 1.4, and 1.6 diesel engines with 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmissions and a 4-speed automatic transmission. It was improved in 2012.

File:Hyundai i20 1.2 Comfort front 20100617.jpg|Front (5-door)

## Second Generation (2014-2020) 
The second-generation i20 was launched in August 2014 in India (as the i20 Elite) and in November in Europe. It was developed at Hyundai's design facilities also in Russelsheim. It was avaliable as a 3-door hatch called the i20 Coupe as a 5-door hatch and a crossover-style version called the i20 Active launched in 2015.

It has a 1.0 liter turbo, 1.2, 1.25, and 1.4 liter petrol engines, 1.1 and a new 1.4 liter diesel engines with a 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmissions a 4-speed automatic transmission and a 7-speed DCT and CVT transmissions. It was improved in 2018.

File:2018 Hyundai i20 SE T-GDi 1.0.jpg|Hyundai i20 (GB; facelift)

## Third Generation (2020-present) 
The third generation was shown online for Europe in February 2020. It was supposed to be launched in March at The Geneva Auto Show but it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The production for sale in Europe begam in Izmit Turkey in August and was later launched in India on November.

The car has a 1.0 liter turbo 1.2 and 1.4 liter petrol engines and a 1.5 liter diesel engine with 5 and 6-speed manual transmissions a 6-speed automatic and semi-automatic transmissions and a 7-speed DCT and automatic CVT transmissions.

It also has a mild-hybrid version and a sportier version called the i20 N launched in 2020. That has a 1.6 liter turbo gasoline engine with a 6-speed manual transmission. The version was discontinued in 2024 in Europe but it will be exported to Australia. The i20 got improved in 2023. 

File:Hyundai_i20_(BC3)_Facelift_IMG_8594.jpg|2024 i20 (front view, facelift)

## Markets 
The Hyundai i20 is currently sold in Europe and India. It was previously sold in Indonesia and some other markets.

## References
Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk

**"Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk"** is the eleventh episode of *The Simpsons* third season. The name is in a grammatically incorrect form; it should be called "Burns verkauft das Kraftwerk". The episode first started on December 5, 1991. In this episode, Mr. Burns, who is sad because he wishes to pursue many interests,  to sell the power plant to two German  for "100 million dollars." Homer's  quickly gets him fired by the Germans. Meanwhile, Mr. Burns has lost all his  because he can no longer control anyone. As a result, he  to buy back the plant. Because the power plant has been so costly to maintain, the Germans decide to sell the power plant back to Burns for 50 million dollars.  to keep his enemies close at hand, Burns rehires Homer, and all is back to normal.

## Other websites 
*
*
*
Control of fire by early humans

When humans first learned how to control fire, it was an important step in their culture. It allowed them to cook food and get warmth and protection. Making fire also allowed activity into the dark, and gave some protection from predators and insects.

The cooking of food was probably the most useful effect of fire. There are foods like nuts and fruits which do not need cooking, but others, such as root vegetables, mostly need cooking.

It is not known for sure when fire was first controlled by humans. Evidence for the use of fire by *Homo erectus* by about 400,000 years ago has wide scholarly support. Claims for the  earliest definitive evidence of control of fire by a member of *Homo* range from 0.2 to 1.7 million years ago (mya).

## Evidence
### East Africa
The   of humans using fire comes from many archaeological sites in East Africa, like Chesowanja near Lake Baringo, Koobi Fora, and Olorgesailie in Kenya. The evidence at Chesowanja is the discovery of red clay shards that scientists estimate are 1.42 million years old. This clue shows this not only with Stillbay sites that date back to 72,000 BP but sites that could be as old as 164,000 BP. Activity was no longer restricted to the daylight hours. Some mammals and biting insects  fire and smoke.

Richard Wrangham of Harvard University  that cooking of plant foods may have caused the brain to get bigger, because it made complex carbohydrates in starchy foods easier to digest. This allowed humans to absorb more calories from their food.

## Changes to diet
 exhibit showing how early humans used fire to survive the Ice Age]]
Stahl thought that because some parts of plants, like raw cellulose and starch are hard to digest in uncooked form, they would likely not be a part of the hominid diet before fire could be controlled. These parts include stems, mature leaves, enlarged roots, and tubers. Instead, the diet was made up of the parts of the plants that were made of simpler sugars and carbohydrates such as seeds, flowers, and fleshy fruits. Another problem was that some seeds and carbohydrate sources are poisonous. Cyanogenic glycosides, which are in linseed, cassava, and manioc, amongst others, are made non-poisonous through cooking.

The cooking of meat, as can be seen from burned and blackened mammal bones, makes the meats easier to eat. It is also easier to get the nutrition from proteins because the meat itself is easier to digest. The amount of energy needed to digest cooked meat is less than that needed for raw meat, and cooking gelatinizes collagen and other connective tissues as well, it "opens up tightly woven carbohydrate molecules for easier absorption." Cooking also kills parasites and food poisoning bacteria.

## References
Actinobacteria

The Actinobacteria, or Actinomycetota are a group of Gram-positive bacteria. They grow on land or in water. They include some of the most common life forms in soil, playing important roles in the decomposition of organic matter and humus formation. Fungi also play the same role, so some Actinobacteria like Streptomyces were originally classified as fungi. Actinobacteria colonies form branching threads called mycelia. This feature was another reason for the wrongful classification of the actinomycetes, for example, as fungi. 

Some species live in a mutual resource exchange with the roots of plants, such as Frankia, while other species can cause disease, such as the genus Mycobacterium and the bacteria *Mycobacterium tuberculosis.*

Actinobacteria contains one of the largest bacterial genera, Streptomyces, which contributes to maintaining the acidity and basicity levels of the soil. They are also important sources of antibiotics, as well as antifungals, antivirals, and numerous other medicines. They are also very useful in agriculture,  as they can be used in insecticides and herbicides, among various other substances. Other Actinobacteria species, such as the genus Bifidobacterium, are commonly found in the intestines of infants and are less common in adults.

Some Actinobacteria found in Siberia or Antarctica are considered the oldest on Earth, frozen around half a million years ago.

## References