open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Alban Hills

The **Alban Hills** (Latin: *Albanus Mons*) are a group of volcanic hills located about 20 kilometers southeast of Rome, in the region of Latium, central Italy. This area, known for its rich history and natural beauty, was considered a sacred location in Ancient Rome, home to significant religious sites and settlements. The ancient city of Alba Longa, a significant Latin settlement, was traditionally located in the Alban Hills.

## Geology 
The Alban Hills are part of a dormant volcanic complex that formed approximately 600,000 years ago. It is composed of several volcanic peaks, with Monte Cavo being the highest at 949 meters. Though currently inactive, the complex last erupted around 5,000 years ago. The volcanic activity created fertile soil, making the region ideal for agriculture, and contributing to its importance in ancient Latium.

The Alban Hills region features calderas that have filled with water over time, forming lakes such as Lake Albano and Lake Nemi, which are popular for recreation and scenic beauty.

## Historical and cultural significance 
The Alban Hills were historically significant as the center of the ancient Latin League, a confederation of Latin cities. The annual festival of the Latin League, known as the *feriae Latinae*, was held on the Alban Mount, a central peak where the Latin people gathered to worship Jupiter Latiaris and celebrate their shared heritage.

The region is also associated with the legendary city of Alba Longa, considered the mother city of Rome. According to myth, Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome, descended from the kings of Alba Longa.

During the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, the Alban Hills remained a religious and cultural center. Roman elites built villas here to escape the heat of Rome, attracted by the area’s cooler climate, scenic landscapes, and proximity to the capital. Emperor Domitian even constructed an imperial villa in the region, and remains of ancient Roman roads and villas are still visible today.

## Notable sites 
* **Monte Cavo**: The highest peak, historically known as Mons Albanus, was a key site for the worship of Jupiter.
* **Lake Albano**: A volcanic crater lake that has been a popular destination for Romans and modern tourists alike.
* **Lake Nemi**: Known for its scenic beauty, it was once a sacred lake dedicated to the goddess Diana.
* **Villa of Domitian**: Remains of the villa built by Emperor Domitian near the modern town of Castel Gandolfo, now the site of the Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo.

## Modern significance 
Today, the Alban Hills are a popular tourist destination, known for their natural beauty, historic towns, and cultural heritage. The area includes several charming hill towns such as Castel Gandolfo, which serves as the summer residence of the Pope, Frascati, and Nemi. The region is also famous for its vineyards and winemaking traditions, especially the production of Frascati wine.

## Related pages 
* Latium
* Alba Longa
* Castelli Romani
* Roman mythology

## References
Castelli Romani

The **Castelli Romani** ("Roman Castles") refers to a group of picturesque hill towns located in the Alban Hills, southeast of Rome in the region of Lazio, Italy. Known for their scenic landscapes, historical significance, and culinary traditions, the Castelli Romani towns have long been a favorite retreat for Romans looking to escape the heat and bustle of the city. Today, the area is popular with both local and international tourists for its rich cultural heritage, wines, and festivals.

## Geography 
The Castelli Romani area is situated on the slopes of the volcanic Alban Hills, an ancient volcanic complex. The area is dotted with small towns and lakes, including Lake Albano and Lake Nemi, which are remnants of volcanic craters. The region's elevation and fertile volcanic soil make it suitable for vineyards, olive groves, and orchards, contributing to its reputation for high-quality wine and food.

## History 
The Castelli Romani towns have ancient origins, with settlements dating back to the Latins, the early Italic tribes who were later incorporated into the Roman Republic. The area was historically significant as the center of the Latin League and the location of religious festivals dedicated to Jupiter at Monte Cavo. Over the centuries, the Alban Hills became a retreat for Roman elites, who built villas and estates there.

During the Middle Ages, many of these towns were fortified by noble families and came to be known as "castelli" (castles), a term that reflects their defensive structures. By the Renaissance, these towns became popular among wealthy Romans and popes, who established summer residences there to escape the hot climate of Rome. 

## Wine and cuisine 
The Castelli Romani area is renowned for its culinary traditions and winemaking, particularly the production of white wines such as Frascati. The area's volcanic soil and temperate climate make it ideal for vineyards, producing wines that are enjoyed both locally and abroad. Many towns hold annual food festivals celebrating local products, with Marino's famous grape festival drawing large crowds each October.

## Tourism and culture 
The Castelli Romani has long been a popular tourist destination for its natural beauty, historical sites, and culinary offerings. The area features numerous trails, parks, and cultural events, including the *Sagra dell’Uva* (Grape Festival) in Marino, the *Infiorata* flower festival in Genzano, and many religious celebrations. The Regional Park of the Castelli Romani was established to protect the natural environment, preserving both the forests and traditional agricultural landscapes.

## Related pages 
* Alban Hills
* Latium

## References
Digital library

A **digital library** (also called an **online library** or an **internet library**) is a place where digital objects are kept. These objects can be text, images, audio, video, or other digital media. Digital libraries can be accessed through the internet.

## History 
The idea of digital libraries has roots in the 1960s and 1970s, when early efforts were made to digitize library collections and make them accessible electronically. The term "digital library" was popularized by the NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative in 1994.

## Features 
Digital libraries store digital content. This content can be digitized (scanned from physical items) or created digitally. They help people find and use information easily. Digital libraries can be very large or small and can be managed by individuals or organizations.

## Examples 
Some well-known digital libraries are:
* Project Gutenberg
* Google Books
* Internet Archive

## Benefits 
Digital libraries have many benefits:
* They are easy to access from anywhere with an internet connection.
* They can store a lot of information in a small space.
* They help preserve rare and old items by digitizing them.

## Challenges 
Digital libraries also face challenges:
* Keeping digital content safe and accessible over time.
* Ensuring that everyone can access the digital content, including people with disabilities.

## References
Govia Thameslink Railway

**Govia Thameslink Railway** is a train operating company in the United Kingdom. They operate the Thameslink, Great Northern, Southern, and Gatwick Express brands.

## Thameslink and Great Northern services
### Thameslink services

### Great Northern services

The Great Northern services as of June 2024 are:

## Southern and Gatwick Express services
 Class 377 at Watford Junction]]
As of May 2023, the Monday-Saturday services are:

On Sundays, Gatwick Express operates a half-hourly shuttle service between London Victoria and Gatwick Airport only.

## Rolling stock 
### Current fleet 
### Future fleet
On 12 March 2024 it was announced that Great Northern would lease the full 30-unit fleet of Class 379 units.

### Past fleet 
Former units operated by Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern include:

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* Thameslink website
* Great Northern website
* Southern website
* Gatwick Express website
Colostethus imbricolus

'''Silverstone's rocket frog'* (*Colostethus imbricolus'') is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home
This frog lives on the ground near streams in forests. Sometimes people see it on banana farms. Scientists saw the frog between 200 and 300 meters above sea level.

One of the places this frog lives is a protected park: Parque Nacional Utría.

## Young
After the eggs hatch, the female frog carries the tadpoles to streams, where they swim and grow.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out. Humans cut down the forests to get wood to build with, to make towns, and to make farms. Some of the farms are legal and some are against the law. The chemicals that farmers put on the plants to make them grow can also hurt this frog.  There are gold mines near where the frogs live, and any frogs near the mines could be hurt or die.   Scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis could kill this frog too, but they are not sure if it has killed many of these frogs or not.

## First paper
*

## References
Free Willy

***Free Willy*** is a 1993 American family drama film, directed by Simon Wincer, produced by Lauren Shuler Donner and Jennie Lew Tugend, written by Keith A. Walker and Corey Blechman from a story by Walker and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures under their Family Entertainment imprint. The film stars Jason James Richter in his film debut, Lori Petty, Jayne Atkinson, August Schellenberg, Michael Madsen and Michael Ironside with the eponymous character, Willy, played by Keiko.

## Other websites 
* Official Warner Bros. site
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

The story is about a 12-year-old orphaned boy named Jesse who befriends a captive orca, Willy, at an ailing amusement park. When he discovers that the park owner has been planning to dispose of Willy, he hatches a scheme to break Willy out of captivity.
Free Willy: Escape from Pirate's Cove

'''''Free Willy: Escape from Pirate's Cove'''* is a 2010 American family movie written and directed by Will Geiger with the story by Cindy McCreery. It is a reboot as well as the fourth and final installment in the *Free Willy'' film series. It stars Bindi Irwin, in her film debut, and Beau Bridges. The film was released by Warner Home Video on DVD and Blu-ray on 23 March 2010 in the United States and on 2 August in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

## Other websites 
*
Killing of Cheryl Noel

**Cheryl Noel was killed** by police on January 21, 2005. The killing of Cheryl Noel happened in Baltimore County, Maryland. She lived in Baltimore County, Maryland. The killing of Cheryl Noel was done by a SWAT team. The SWAT team killed Cheryl Noel during a no knock drug raid.

## Things like this
Cheryl Noel's family went to court against the SWAT team which killed Cheryl Noel. In 2011 a court said that the SWAT team did not have to pay Cheryl Noel's family money.

The SWAT officer who killed Cheryl Noel killed someone else in 2012. The 2012 was almost the same as the killing of Cheryl Noel.

## References
Flag of Miami

The **flag of Miami** has three horizontal stripes of orange, white and lime green with the seal of Miami. It was adopted November 13, 1933. The flag displays the words "The City of Miami" and "Dade Co, Florida".

## References
List of Early Imperial Roman Consuls

The role of the consul was one of the highest elected offices in the Roman Republic. It continued into the early Roman Empire, although with reduced power. Here are some notable consuls from the early Imperial period:

# **Augustus (27 BC - AD 14)**: The first Roman emperor, Augustus, held the consulship multiple times during his reign, starting in 27 BC.
# **Tiberius (AD 14 - 37)**: Augustus’ successor, Tiberius, also served as consul several times.
# **Germanicus (AD 12)**: A prominent general and member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Germanicus was consul in AD 12.
# **Caligula (AD 37 - 41)**: Known for his eccentric and cruel behavior, Caligula served as consul during his reign.
# **Claudius (AD 41 - 54)**: Claudius, who expanded the Roman Empire significantly, held the consulship multiple times.
# **Nero (AD 54 - 68)**: The last of the Julio-Claudian emperors, Nero, also served as consul.

These consuls played significant roles in the administration and political life of early Imperial Rome.
Flag of Utrecht

The **flag of Utrecht** () has two diagonal stripes of red and white. It was adopted 4 May 2021.

## References
Milan Fashion Week

**Milan Fashion Week** is a fashion trade show held twice a year in Milan, Italy. Designers showcase autumn/winter collections in February/March and spring/summer collections in September/October. Milan Fashion Week is one of the "Big Four" fashion weeks in the world, along with New York, Paris, and London.

## History and operations 
Milan Fashion Week began in 1958 and is organized by the National Chamber of Italian Fashion.

## Related pages 
* Fashion week
* Fashion District of Milano

## References
Uwe Jacobsen

**Uwe Jacobsen** (born 22 September 1940) is a former German freestyle swimmer. He competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.

## References
Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar

**Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar** (5 November 1838-17 October 1916); also known as Bapusaheb was the penultimate Raja of Phaltan between 1841 and 1916. His reign was one of the Longest in Indian history.

## Life
Born on 5th November 1838; succeeded to gadi as a minor on 7th December 1841, and installed as ruler 26th March 1860. The late Deshmukh Janrao died without issue in 1841; therefore his widow, Sahebjibdi, adopted the present Chief, and a nazar of a large amount was paid on the occasion to the Raja of Satara, of which State Phaltan was a feudatory. He attended the 1911 Delhi Durbar at the age of 72. He witnessed the start of World War I. He died at the age of 77 on 17 October 1916. He was succeeded by his son and heir Maloji IV Rao Mudhojirao Naik Nimbalkar.
## References
Fighter (movie)

***Fighter*** is a 2024 Indian movie directed by Siddharth Anand. It stars well-known Bollywood actors Hrithik Roshan, Deepika Padukone, and Anil Kapoor in the lead roles. The movie is a mix of action and drama and features a story about the Indian Air Force.

## Plot 
The story of *Fighter* is about the bravery and dedication of Indian Air Force pilots. Hrithik Roshan and Deepika Padukone play the roles of pilots who fight against enemies and protect their country. The movie is expected to show thrilling air battles and intense action scenes.

## Cast 
* Anil Kapoor as Group Captain Rakesh "Rocky" Jaisingh, Commanding Officer of Air Dragons Unit
* Hrithik Roshan as Squadron Leader Shamsher "Patty" Pathania
* Deepika Padukone as Squadron Leader Minal "Minni" Rathore
* Karan Singh Grover as Squadron Leader Sartaj "Taj" Gill
* Akshay Oberoi as Squadron Leader Basheer "Bash" Khan
* Rishabh Sawhney as Azhar Akhtar
* Sanjeeda Sheikh as Saachi Gill, Taj's wife
* Ashutosh Rana as Abhijeet Rathore, Minni's father (special appearance)
* Geeta Agrawal as Usha Rathore, Minni's mother
* Talat Aziz as Mr. Pathania, Patty's father
* Sharib Hashmi as Wing Commander Varthaman, Ilyushin Il-76 Pilot
* Ramon Chibb as Air Commodore Abhinder "Abhi" Bali, Chief Instructor, Air Force Academy
* Sanjeev Jaiswal as Majeed Khan
* Baveen Singh as Squadron Leader Sukhdeep "Sukhi" Singh
* Mahesh Shetty as Squadron Leader Rajan "Unni" Unnithan
* Seerat Mast as Squadron Leader Naina "NJ" Jaisingh, Rocky's sister and Patty's deceased fiancée
* Sanjiv Chopra as Air Marshal Rohan Rawal, AOC in C Western Air Command
* Nishan Khanduja as Flying Officer Manoj "Birdie" Bhardwaj
* Karan Sharma as Flying Officer Ajeet "Jeet" Deshpande
* Chandan K Anand as Wing Commander Harish "Nauty" Nautiyal
* Harnam Singh Sandhu as Squadron Leader Sanjay Mathur
* Indhu Reddy as Flight Lieutenant Rajshree Mehta
* Aditi Sandhya Sharma as Flight Cadet Neha "NJ" Jaiswal[*citation needed*]
* Hrushi Poddar as Flight Cadet Sunil
* Mushtaq Kak as Maulana Maqsood Abrar
* Vinay Varma as Air Commodore Debyajyoti "Debu" Biswas, AOC, Air Force Station, Srinagar
* Lokesh Batta as Squadron Leader Sandeep "Sandy" Kumar
* Himani Sahani as Squadron Leader Tanya Aggarwal
* Harish Khatri as Prime Minister of India
* Chandra Shekhar Dutta as RAW agent Yafeth Salim a.k.a. Zareena Begum
* Samvedna Suwalka as Bela Unnithan, Unni's wife
* Geeta Sodhi as Mrs. Gill, Taj's mother
* Gurmeet Chawla as Chief of the Air Staff
Aref Al-Haj

Are haitham Aref Al Haj Mohammad () born on May 28, 2001, is a Jordanian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Al-Hussein Sports Club in the Jordanian Professional League and the Jordan national team .

## Club career 
### Al-Sareeh 
Born in Irbid, Aref is a youth product of Al-Sareeh.

#### Jabal Al-Mukaber (loan) 
After being promoted to the first team of Al-Sarih Club, he was loaned to the Palestinian club, Jebel Mukaber, where he became one of the main contributors to their winning the West Bank Premier League title in 2023.

#### Al-Faisaly (loan) 
Jordanian clubs such as Al-Wehdat and Al-Hussein were interested in Aref Al-Haj, following the relegation of Al-Sareeh from the Jordanian first tier. However, on 12 July 2023, Aref Al-Haj signed a season-long loan deal with Al-Faisaly SC.

HHe was a contributor to Al-Faisaly's first ever AFC Champions League win, scoring an 85th-minute goal against Al-Sadd.

Aref Al-Haj finished his loan tenure with 9 goals and 10 assists.

### Al-Hussein 
On 16 July 2024, Aref Al-Haj signed a permanent contract with Al-Hussein SC. 

## Playing style 
Aref Al-Haj is described as a tall and graceful player, who has exceptional close control, dazzling feet, a real eye for a pass and strong finishing ability. He is capable of playing at an advanced role on the right, in behind a central striker or as a part of a front two.

## Career statistics 
### Club 
: *Last updated 8 August 2024.* 

## Honours 
**Jabal Al-Mukaber**

* West Bank Premier League: 2022–23

**Al-Faisaly**

** Jordan Shield Cup : 2023

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Amulius

**Amulius** was a mythological king of Alba Longa, known for his role in the story of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. He was the younger son of Procas, the king of Alba Longa, and is infamous for his usurpation of the throne from his elder brother, Numitor, and for his attempt to prevent the birth of future claimants to the throne.

## Background and usurpation of the throne 
Amulius was born into the royal family of Alba Longa, part of the line descended from Aeneas, the Trojan hero. Upon the death of Procas, the kingship was meant to pass to the elder son, Numitor, but Amulius seized the throne by force. He exiled Numitor and took control of the kingdom. To prevent Numitor’s line from challenging his rule, he took drastic measures to eliminate any heirs.

## Rhea Silvia and the birth of Romulus and Remus 
Amulius feared that any descendants of Numitor might one day attempt to reclaim the throne. To ensure this, he forced Numitor’s daughter, Rhea Silvia, to become a Vestal Virgin, which legally required her to remain celibate and childless. However, according to myth, Rhea Silvia was visited by the god Mars and bore twin sons, Romulus and Remus.

When Amulius learned of the birth of Romulus and Remus, he ordered the infants to be thrown into the Tiber River, hoping to eliminate any threat to his rule. However, the twins survived and were eventually raised by a she-wolf (*lupa*) and later by a shepherd named Faustulus.

## Downfall and death 
As young men, Romulus and Remus learned of their true heritage and gathered a band of supporters. They attacked Alba Longa, overthrew Amulius, and restored their grandfather Numitor to the throne. In most versions of the myth, Amulius was killed during the uprising, bringing his rule to a violent end.

## Legacy and role in Roman mythology 
Amulius’s story is central to the myth of Rome’s founding, embodying themes of tyranny and justice. He serves as a contrast to Numitor's just and rightful rule and plays a pivotal role in setting the stage for Romulus and Remus’s ascension. Amulius’s fear-driven actions and his attempt to thwart destiny ultimately led to his downfall and the establishment of Rome, fulfilling the divine prophecy connected to Romulus and Remus.

## Related pages 
* Romulus and Remus
* Rhea Silvia
* Roman mythology

## References 
* Livy, *Ab Urbe Condita* (The History of Rome)
* Virgil, *Aeneid*
* Plutarch, *Parallel Lives* - "The Life of Romulus"
Carolina Herrera

**Carolina Herrera** is a Venezuelan American fashion designer and businesswoman. Known for her elegant style, she started her fashion brand in 1980. Herrera has dressed several First Ladies, including Jacqueline Onassis, Laura Bush, Michelle Obama, and Melania Trump.

## Early Life
Herrera was born on 8 January 1939 in Caracas, Venezuela.

## Career
In 1980, Herrera launched her first fashion line with support from Diana Vreeland, then Editor-in-Chief of *Vogue*. She showcased her first collection in Manhattan at the Metropolitan Club, which received positive reviews.

## Awards and Honors
Herrera has won many awards, including the 2004 "Womenswear Designer of the Year" and the 2008 Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America. She also received Spain's Gold Medal for Merit in the Fine Arts in 2002 and the Fashion Group International Superstar Award in 2012.

## References
Adjud

**Adjud** is a city in Vrancea County, Romania. In 2021, 15,178 people live in Adjud.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Municipality website
Photino

A **photino** is a supersymmetric partner of the particle called photon according to the SUSY (supersymmetric particles) theory which states that all particles in the observable universe have a supersymmetric partner. The idea of the photino first arose in the 1980s within the supersymmetric particle theory with the help of a physicist called Howard Georgi and his assistant physicists.

## References
Pierre Cardin (brand)

**Pierre Cardin SA** is a French luxury brand started by designer Pierre Cardin in 1950. It began as a fashion house, expanding into perfumes and cosmetics in the 1960s. By 1988, the brand was licensed for a wide range of products, which some say affected its image.

Pierre Cardin products are made by *Ahlers Group* in Herford, Germany.

In 2011, Cardin wanted to sell the brand, valuing it at €1 billion, but ultimately did not find a buyer.

## References
San Biagio di Callalta

**San Biagio di Callalta** is a comune in the Province of Treviso in the Veneto region in Italy.

It is the birthplace of fashion designer Pierre Cardin.

## References
StarTop

***Startop*** is an Albanian reality TV Show focused on business and innovation that aired on the Albanian national TV channel Top Channel,featuring aspiring entrepreneurs pitching innovative ideas to seasoned investors.The program began airing on October 22, 2022, and ended on January 7, 2023, with a total of 12 episodes.

## Format 
*Startop* aimed to showcase and support promising business ideas through presentations by participants before a panel of four recognized business experts. Each contestant presented their business idea and received advice and guidance from the invited experts. The name *Startop* combined the term "start-up" with the name of the broadcasting channel, highlighting the show's focus on new businesses.

## Expert Panel 
The panel consisted of several professionals and business people from various fields who offered support and suggestions, as well as discussed opportunities to improve the participants' ideas.

## Staff and Moderator 
The creator and author of the project was Ledja Liku, and the scriptwriter was Ardi Pulaj. The show was hosted by well-known Albanian presenter Eno Popi, who facilitated discussions between the contestants and the expert panel.

## Collaboration and Support 
*Startop* was a collaboration between Top Channel and the Dritan Hoxha Media Foundation, which supported the project by promoting new business initiatives in the program. The Ministry of State for Entrepreneurship and Business Climate was also an important partner that provided financial support to help develop the presented businesses.

## Goals and Impact 
The main goal of *Startop* was to promote innovation and entrepreneurship among young Albanians. The show highlighted the challenges associated with starting and growing a new business, including finding investors and navigating the market. Through the Top Channel platform, *Startop* aimed to strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit in Albania and the Albanian diaspora, encouraging ideas that could positively impact the country's economy.

## Episodes 
The first season included a total of 12 episodes, with each episode focusing on the presentations of a new group of contestants.

## References 
## Official websites 
* Official Page
Senden, North Rhine-Westphalia

**Senden** is a municipality in Coesfeld in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## Villages 
Senden has four villages:
* Bösensell
* Ottmarsbocholt
* Senden
* Venne

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Will You Still Love Me? (song)

"**Will You Still Love Me?**" is a 1986 song by Chicago. It is the second single from their 15th studio album *Chicago 18*. It went to number 3 in the United States and number 6 in Canada.

## References
If She Would Have Been Faithful...

"**If She Would Have Been Faithful...**" is a 1987 song by Chicago. It is the third single from their 15th studio album *Chicago 18*. It went to number 54 in Canada and number 17 in the United States.

## References
Iași pogrom

dead bodies in public on June 29, 1941.]] along the route from Iași to either Călărași or Podul IIoaei.]]

**Iași pogrom** was an antisemitic pogrom that happened in Romania under the rule of the pro-Nazi dictator Ion Antonescu between 28 and 30 June 1941. The pogrom, which killed 13,266 Jews, was part of the Holocaust in Romania.

## Background
In 1940, Ion Antonescu became the Prime Minister of Romania as an Iron Guard member and began the Holocaust in Romania alongside Adolf Hitler.

## Massacre
Aided by Romanian civilians, including recently released Iron Guard members, German and Romanian troops killed 13,266 Jews across Iași between 28 and 30 June 1944. 

Between 1941 and Ion Antonescu's overthrow in the 23 August coup in 1944 led by King Michael I, as many as 400,000 Romanian Jews were killed, amounting to 52.8% of pre-war Romanian Jews.

### War crimes trials
57 persons were convicted of war crimes for their role in the Iași pogrom. Ion Antonescu was executed.

## Related pages
* Lviv pogroms
* Odessa massacre
* Jedwabne pogrom
* Szczuczyn pogrom
* Rhineland massacres

## Footnotes
## References
Creed III

***Creed III*** is a 2023 American boxing movie directed by Steven Caple Jr.. It is the sequel to the 2018 movie *Creed II* and the ninth movie in the *Rocky* franchise. It stars Michael B. Jordan, Sylvester Stallone and Tessa Thompson.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Horizon Zero Dawn

Horizon Zero Dawn is a 2017 action role-playing game that was developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The game was released for PlayStation 4 in 2017 and Windows and macOS in 2020. As the first game of the *Horizon* video game series, the game follows Aloy, a young hunter in a world invaded by machines, who sets out to return peace to the world.

In January 2025, a film adaptation was announced as a collaboration between Columbia Pictures and PlayStation Productions.

## References
Horizon Forbidden West

***Horizon Forbidden West*** is a 2022 action role-playing game developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The sequel to *Horizon Zero Dawn* (2017), the game is set in a post-apocalyptic version of the Western United States, recovering from the aftermath of an extinction event caused by a severe robot swarm. The player is Aloy, like in Horizon Zero Dawn.
Frans Van der Linden

.]]
**Frans Van der Linden** (6 June 1894 - 3 November 1918) was a Belgian soldier. He was involved in the  during World War I. He is considered one of the four so-called "Iron Symbols" of the Flemish Movement.

Born in Antwerp, Van der Linden was co-founder and chairman of the former student association De Vlaamse Telgen and later became member of the Flemish Guard.

116 years after his death, in 2024 on his death date, he was still remembered.

## References
Nupur Sanon

**Nupur Sanon** is an Indian actress. The younger sister of actress Kriti Sanon, she began her career appearing in the music videos "Filhall" (2019) and "Filhaal 2: Mohabbat" (2021). In 2023, she starred in the television series *Pop Kaun?* and the Telugu action film *Tiger Nageswara Rao*.

## Filmography 
### Films 
## Personal life 
Nupur Sanon is in a relationship with Indian singer Stebin Ben. In January 2026, the couple announced their engagement after Ben proposed to Sanon. The engagement was publicly confirmed through photographs shared on social media and was reported by several media outlets.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Liberation of France

The **Liberation of France**, was the time in French history when France was liberated by the Allied powers from June 6 1944 - May 8 1945. Since 1940, France was occupied by Nazi germany after Germany won the Battle of France. On June 6 1944, allied forces from the US, the UK, and Canada landed at the beaches of Normandy in what was known as D-day. The allied forces would break out of the beachhead in august. On August 15 1944, allied forces from the US and France landed in southern France in what was known was operation dragoon. Paris would be liberated on the 25th. (6 days after resistance fighting began) When d-day and dragoon forces linked up, some German forces remained at some western naval ports and they would stay there until the end of the war.
Haslach im Kinzigtal

**Haslach im Kinzigtal** is a town in Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Oleg

**Oleg** (), **Oleh** (), or **Aleh** () is an East Slavic given name. It is a common name in Russia. The feminine form of Oleg is *Olga*.

## People named Oleg 
### Rulers and nobles 
* Oleg the Wise, 9th–10th-century leader and conqueror of Kievan Rus'

### Others 
* Oleg Anofriyev (1930–2018), Soviet and Russian stage and screen actor, voice actor, singer, songwriter, film director, poet
* Oleg Baklanov (1932–2021), Soviet/Ukrainian politician, scientist and businessman
* Oleg Blokhin (born 1952), Ukrainian football coach
* Oleg Bryjak (1960–2015), Kazakhstani operatic bass-baritone
* Oleg Karavaychuk (1927–2016), Russian composer
* Oleg Moliboga (1953–2022), Russian volleyball player and coach
* Oleg Pashinin (born 1974), Uzbekistani footballer
* Oleg Pavlov (1970–2018), Russian writer
* Oleg Protopopov (1932–2023), Russian figure skater
* Oleg Prudius (born 1972), Ukrainian professional wrestler known by his ring name Vladimir Kozlov
* Oleg Romantsev (born 1954), Russian footballer and manager
* Oleg Salenko (born 1969), Russian-Ukrainian footballer
* Oleg Seleznyov (1959–2021), Russian politician
* Oleg Sentsov (born 1976), Ukrainian filmmaker, writer and activist
* Oleg Tabakov (1935–2018), Soviet and Russian actor
* Oleg Tverdovsky (born 1976), Ukrainian-Russian ice hockey player
* Oleg Yefremov (1927–2000), Soviet and Russian actor and producer
Bend It Like Beckham

***Bend It Like Beckham*** is a British sports comedy-drama movie. It was released on 12 April 2002 in the United Kingdom, 3 October 2002 in Germany, and 12 March 2003 in the United States. It was directed and partially written by Gurinder Chadha.

In the movie, Jesminder "Jess"  Bhamra and Jules Paxton try to become professional football players. Bharma grows up in a strict Indian household and her parents want her to focus more on her education.

On 24 June 2015, a musical based on the movie was shown at the Phoenix Theatre in London.

## Reception
The movie recieved positive reviews from critics. It holds a 85% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

The movie was very successful at the box office. Worldwide it made $76.6 million. When it was released, it became the highest-earning association football sports movie of all time and also the highest-earning Indian movie in the United States.

*Bend It Like Beckham* won Best Sports Movie at the 2003 ESPY Awards.

## References
## Other websites
*
Colostethus thorntoni

'''Thornton's rocket frog'* (*Colostethus thorntoni*) is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home
Scientists believe that this frog lives near streams and that the tadpoles swim in streams because that is what other frogs on *Colostethus'' do. Scientists saw the frog between 1480 and 2500 meters above sea level.

The place where scientists first saw the frog now has a city on it, so they think the frogs do not live there now.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. They think it is in danger because of human beings changing the places where it lives to make farms and towns.

## References
Huddersfield grooming gang

The **Huddersfield grooming gang** was a group of men who were convicted of sexual offences against girls in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire. 

## Overview
The scandal involved the largest gang ever convicted for sex abuse in British history, raising public controversies due to an intersection of government coverup and debates over Britain's immigration policies. The exact number of female victims is unknown. Child grooming is a term that is used for people beecoming friends with children, usually to sexually abuse them later on.  

## Victims
Fifteen of the of the 22 female victims involved were known to children's services. Although there was "sufficient evidence" that two girls were being sexually exploited, one as early as 2007, no actions had been taken by the Kirklees Children's Services.

## Related pages
* Racism
* Pedophilia
* Child abuse
* Sexual violence
* Child sexual abuse

## References
Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré

**Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré** is a well-known street in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. This historic street is renowned for its luxury boutiques, fashion houses, prestigious art galleries, and government buildings, making it one of the most famous and exclusive shopping destinations in the world.

## History 
The street was originally part of the route that extended from the center of Paris out towards the villages and farmlands. The name "Faubourg" indicates that it was once on the outskirts or "faubourg" (suburb) of Paris. Over time, it became a prime location for both aristocratic and high-end commercial establishments.

## Location 
Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré runs through the 8th arrondissement, extending from Rue Royale near the Place de la Concorde up to Avenue de Wagram. The street is centrally located and lies near other prestigious streets like the Champs-Élysées, enhancing its prominence and accessibility.

## Cultural significance 
This street is emblematic of French elegance, sophistication, and heritage. Its reputation as a luxury shopping hub has attracted tourists, celebrities, and fashion enthusiasts from around the globe. The presence of the Élysée Palace further adds to its cultural and political significance, making it a frequently visited area during significant national events.

## In popular culture 
Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré has been featured in various films, literature, and art due to its iconic status and historic architecture. It represents the essence of Parisian luxury and has often been depicted as a symbol of opulence and prestige.

## Related pages 
* Champs-Élysées

## References 
## Other websites 
* Paris City Official Site
Styxosaurus

***Styxosaurus*** is an extinct species of marine reptile from the end of the Late Cretaceous period millions of years ago. *Styxosaurus* was a common plesiosaur in the waters of prehistoric South Dakota, where it fed on a variety of vertebrates, such as fish. They grew up to 40 feet (12 meters) long.

It lived alongside creatures like the more famous *Dolichorhynchops*. Its closest relative was *Plesiosaurus* from the Jurassic period. 

## Other animals at the time 
When *Styxosaurus* existed, so did *Tylosaurus*, *Elasmosaurus*, *Archelon*, *Hesperornis*, *Xiphactinus*, and *Megacephalosaurus*.

## Media 
*Styxosaurus* has appeared in Jurassic World video games and the documentary film Sea Monsters: A Prehistoric Adventure. 

It also appeared in the film King Kong, where it was named as an *Elasmosaurus* in the movie. *Plesiosaurus* is a species of plesiosaur that appeared in the film Son of Kong, though it was named once again as *Elasmosaurus*. 

In 2024 Mattel released a toy *Styxosaurus*.

## References
8th arrondissement of Paris

The **8th arrondissement of Paris** (*8^e arrondissement*) is an administrative district in the city of Paris, France, located on the right bank of the River Seine. Known as the ''Arrondissement de l'Élysée,'' it covers an area of 3.88 square kilometers and is home to approximately 35,200 residents.

## History 
The 8th arrondissement was established as part of the municipal reorganization of Paris in 1860 under Baron Haussmann, who designed many of its grand boulevards and buildings.

## Geography 
The 8th arrondissement is bordered by the 1st, 9th, 16th, and 17th arrondissements. It is located centrally in Paris and is notable for its landmarks, affluent neighborhoods, and high-end shopping districts.

## Economy 
The 8th arrondissement is known for its luxury boutiques, prestigious office buildings, and five-star hotels, particularly around the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré and the Champs-Élysées. Many multinational companies and high-end brands have established their headquarters here, contributing to its reputation as a center of wealth and sophistication.

## Demographics 
The 8th arrondissement is relatively small in terms of population, with around 35,200 residents as of 2020. It is one of Paris's most affluent areas, attracting residents and visitors with its luxury lifestyle and prime real estate.

## Government and infrastructure 
The arrondissement's local administration is led by Mayor Jeanne d'Hauteserre, who was elected as a member of the Les Républicains party. The Élysée Palace, located within the arrondissement, serves as the residence and office of the President of France.

## Notable residents 
The 8th arrondissement has long been associated with wealthy Parisians, celebrities, and prominent figures. The proximity to both governmental offices and luxury amenities makes it a highly sought-after area.

## Related pages 
* Arrondissements of Paris
* Champs-Élysées
* 16th arrondissement of Paris

## References 
## Other websites 
* Paris City Official Site
Subdivisions of Paris

The **subdivisions of Paris** refer to the administrative and geographic divisions within the city of Paris, France. Paris is primarily divided into 20 arrondissements, which are further broken down into quartiers (neighborhoods) for administrative and local governance purposes. These subdivisions play a key role in the city’s organization, allowing for effective management of services and representation of residents.

## Related pages 
* Arrondissements of Paris

## References 
## Other websites 
* Paris City Official Site
Umberto Caligaris

**Umberto Caligaris** (; 26 July 1901 – 19 October 1940) was an Italian international footballer who played, normally at left-back, for A.S. Casale and Juventus, before ending his career with Brescia. With Juventus, he won an Italian record of five consecutive Serie A League titles between 1930 and 1935. He also managed to have a successful career with the Italy national team, notably winning a bronze medal at the 1928 Summer Olympic Games; he was also a member of the Italian side that won the 1934 FIFA World Cup. His 59 caps for Italy stood as a record for many years. Following his retirement he worked as a manager, coaching his former clubs Brescia and Juventus. A highly successful left-back, Caligaris is regarded as one of the best Italian defenders of his generation. A strong, hard-tackling, and tenacious player, he was known for his pace, work-rate, stamina, and his ability in the air, which he combined with an excellent technique.
* Serie A: 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35

### International
**Italy**
* FIFA World Cup: 1934
* Central European International Cup: 1927–30, 1933–35; Runner-up: 1931–32
* Summer Olympics: Bronze Medal 1928

## References
## Other websites
* Umberto Caligaris – International Appearances from RSSSF
** And the corresponding entries for Rosetta and De Vecchi
* The article on Umberto Caligaris from the Italian Wikipedia.
*DatabaseOlympics.com profile
Arrondissements of Paris

The **Arrondissements of Paris** (*Arrondissements de Paris*) are the 20 administrative districts that divide the city of Paris, France. Each arrondissement has its own mayor, council, and local governance structure. The arrondissements are numbered from 1 to 20 and arranged in a clockwise spiral pattern from the city center, a design that contributes to Paris’s unique layout.

## History 
The current system of 20 arrondissements was established in 1860 during a major reorganization of Paris led by Baron Haussmann, under the authority of Emperor Napoleon III. This reorganization expanded the city's boundaries, and each arrondissement was given a distinct number and administrative responsibility. Originally, Paris had only 12 arrondissements.

## Government and administration 
Each arrondissement functions as an administrative unit with its own **town hall** (*mairie*) and elected mayor. While the city of Paris is governed by a central mayor and council, each arrondissement operates with a certain level of autonomy, especially in managing local facilities and events.

## Population 
The population and area of each arrondissement vary significantly. The central arrondissements (1st to 4th) are smaller in area but densely populated, while the outer arrondissements tend to have larger populations and more residential neighborhoods.

## Related pages 
* Communes of France
* Subdivisions of Paris
* Quartiers of Paris

## References 
## Other websites 
* Paris City Official Site
Langhorne Manor, Pennsylvania

**Langhorne Manor** is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, 1,496 people lived here. This is up from 1,422 in the 2010 census. The mayor of Langhorne Manor is Bob Byrne. It was named after Jeremiah Langhorne.

## References
Votuporanga

**Votuporanga** is an Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. In 2020, 95,338 people lived here. Its area is 424&nbsp;km².
No Time to Spy: A Loud House Movie

**No Time to Spy: A Loud House Movie** is an animated spy movie set in the Loud House universe. The movie focuses on the Louds as they try go to a tropical wedding celebration and get entangled in a spy plot.

## Plot 
37 years ago, Myrtle infiltrates the lair of a villain named Dufus, who has built a rocket armed with lasers. During a fight, Dufus trips into the rocket. However, Myrtle fails to stop the launch, and the rocket kills Dufus by launching him to space forever. Her boss X states that there's nothing they can do to revive the poor villain. 

Meanwhile, in the present day, we see the Loud family - consisting of Lincoln, the only male child in the family; his ten sisters, and his parents - are going to vacation on an unnamed island. Lincoln becomes intrigued by Myrtle's past and longs to become a spy just like her. On the flight, Lincoln meets a witch-nosed woman, who becomes very annoyed with the antics of the Louds.

The Louds soon arrive at the resort, run by Flop. Soon, Albert and Myrtle head out to fish, with Lincoln joining them. He spots some suspicious activity and attempts to take some pictures with a camera, but is ambushed by a group of thugs. Myrtle manages to defeat all of the villains, and the camera is lost in the process. Lincoln calls Clyde to inspect one of the pictures he has taken of the activity. 

Clyde traces it to Rubiner's. Lincoln heads there, but is spotted by Myrtle, who has a bellboy become disguised as her. Lincoln enters the restaurant, but soon overhears the bad guys again and is pulled away by Myrtle, with him telling her that the thugs are planning to build a rocket for an alive Dufus, much to his confusion. Soon, they are ambushed again, and Myrtle defeats some of them. The remaining thugs chase Lincoln and Myrtle, becoming intent on trying to kill them, but Myrtle is captured by an older henchman. Lincoln tells the rest of his family that Myrtle was taken away.  

The following morning, the whole Homo sapiens family is forced to split up. Soon, they are captured by the witch-nosed woman from earlier, who reveals that she is Fifi, the wife of Dufus. She uses Lincoln as one of her villains to force his family into the trap. After that realization, he soon returns back normal and sees the plight the family is in. At the end of the film, they make the rocket go down to Earth to save him.
Robotic spacecraft

**Robotic spacecrafts** are unmanned spacecrafts. They can be remotely controlled by humans or fully automated with pre-made instructions to carry out a variety of tasks. Automated spacecrafts are beneficial as they cost less and reduce the amount of risk manned spacecraft would otherwise have. NASA (and many other space agencies) use these for scientific research and measurements, an example being unmanned resupply vessels, satellites and space probes.

## References
Sambhaji I

Sambhaji Bhonsle was the eldest son of Shivaji from his first wife Saibai. He was born in 1657 at Purandar and became the second Chhatrapati of Maratha Empire after the death of Shivaji. He was executed after series of torture by Aurangzeb in 1689 at Tulapur.
## Millitary Career
### Sack of Bhuranpur
In 1681 Sambhaji sacked the city of Bhuranpur of Mughal Empire and looted it completely Routing the enemies.

### Siege of Ramsej (1682)
Mughals laid siege to Fort of Ramsej the killedar put up a considerable defend while Sambhaji providing necessary supplies atlast the Mughals captured the Fort through negotiation with the new killedar and was captured after a Siege of 6-7 years.he defeated Mysore ruler Chikka Dev Raya at Trichinopoly 

## Family
Sambhaji was born to Shivaji and Saibai. He was married to Yesubai from whom he had a son and a daughter namely, Shahu and Bhawani Bai. Bhawani Bai was married to Son of Hiraji Mahadik and had 2 sons namely Durgoji and Arjoji. She committed Sati after death of her husband in 1727. While Shahu became the 5th Chhatrapati of Maratha Empire. Massir e alamgiri mentions another wife of Sambhaji who was in Mughal camp during his desertion to Mughals. Another Wife with 3 issues is mentioned, named Madansingh, Madhosingh and a daughter who was married to a muslim gond. However this claim doesn't have any historical evidence and can be concluded that the wives mentioned could have been concubines.
## See also
*Dharmarakshak Mahaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj: Chapter 1

## References
Roshni Walia

**Roshni Walia** is an Indian actress. She began her career with television advertisements and made her acting debut with *Main Lakshmi Tere Aangan Ki*. Walia is best known for her portrayal of Ajabde Punwar in *Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap* and Tara Mane in *Tara From Satara*.

## Early life 
Roshni Walia was born on 20 September 2001 in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. She currently resides in Mumbai. Her mother is Sweety Walia, and she has an older sister named Noor Walia. Walia's maternal grandfather was an army officer.

## References
Steinfurt

**Steinfurt** is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Steinfurt.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Shenzhen University

**Shenzhen University** (Traditional Chinese: 深圳大學; Simplified Chinese: 深圳大学) is a public university in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. Founded in 1983, it located in Nanshan district and has two campuses: Yuehai and Lihu.

## Famous student 
* Ma Huateng, Chinese businessman, founder of Tencent.

## References