Gaza flotilla raid

The **Gaza flotilla raid** happened on 31 May 2010. It was in the international waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Israeli naval forces seized an aid flotilla of six ships carrying 663 or 682 pro-Palestinian activists from 37 nations, known as the "Gaza Freedom Flotilla". The activists were trying to breach the blockade of Gaza and deliver humanitarian supplies. 
During the event, Israeli military forces seized a convoy of six ships carrying goods which should be brought to the Palestinian territories in the form of aid. There were 663-682 people on board these ships. The ships were headed to the port of Gaza. Israel had offered them to land at a different port so that the aid could be inspected, but the crew had declined this offer.  During the incident, at least nine people were killed.

## The regional overview
The Gaza strip is part of Palestine. It is amongst the most densely populated areas on Earth. About 1.5 million people live on a surface of roughly 493&nbsp;km².

The Palestinian Authority says that this is an occupied territory. They say, Israel is the occupation force, and it should withdraw and give the territory back to the Palestinians. Israel has attacked and bombed Gaza several times.

Israel does not see things this way since they gave over the territory to the Palestinian administration in 2005 and have pulled back their troops over time. Meanwhile, Hamas, the Palestinian group that controls the territory, has launched rockets at Israel.

Hamas took over the Gaza Strip after the Fatah–Hamas conflict that was after the 2006 Palestinian elections Israel said Hamas to be a terrorist movement. Egypt did not agree with Hamas removing the Palestinian Authority officials from Gaza. were on the Mavi Marmara, along with a few others. The Mavi Marmara was followed by the Irish passenger ship MV Rachel Corrie and 4 other minor vessels. The ships carried a total of 663-682

There were, in total, 663 or 683 people from 37 nations on board the 6 ships in the civilian flotilla.

## The raid
Israel said that the other 5 ships were boarded and taken over peacefully, and that the only incidents took place in the *Mavi Marmara*, but many reports that several people from the other ships were also wounded.

The flotilla had planned to break through the Gaza blockade, ignoring Israel's plan for the activists to stop at the port of Ashdod and transfer the cargo through there. After they ignored repeated calls to give in, soldiers from the Shayetet 13 (Flotilla 13) unit boarded the ships at around 04:00 IST

### The MV Mavi Marmara is raided
The boarding of the *Mavi Marmara* resulted in violent clashes between activists and Israeli soldiers, though the details are disputed.

An Israeli helicopter dropped 30 specialist soldiers on to the ship. Fighting then broke out. An Israeli trooper was thrown over the side of the ship, some aid workers rioted and threw chairs at the Israelis. The Israelis then used tear gas, tasers, stun grenades and smoke bombs.

The Israeli military said that the troops were suddenly attacked after climbing down ropes from helicopters onto the deck of the ship. Soldiers were reportedly beaten badly, one was stabbed, and one was thrown into the sea Two Israelis had their guns taken away. An Israeli commando said that there was live fire at some point against them from below deck. Stun grenades and tear gas were used in an attempt to disperse activists. When this did not work, the commandos requested and received permission to use shoot the resisting activists. The commandos then shot activists in the legs, which forced them to disperse. The commandos reached the bridge and took over the ship after 30 minutes. Some fighting can be seen in videos released by the Israeli military and Free Gaza activists. The Israeli military released 20 videos of the incident,
  
According to Major Avital Leibovich of the IDF Spokesperson's Unit, the activists attacked the soldiers with knives, slingshots, spikes, and clubs, and with pistols that were found by the Israeli troops. Adam Shapiro, a board member of the Free Gaza Movement, said that according to the Al Jazeera correspondents on the ship, the soldiers opened fire immediately as they came down the ropes.

The wife of the Mavi Marmara captain, Nilüfer Ören, stated that IDF began tracking them after . There were 40 Israeli ships following and snooping on the convoy until the troopers were boarding the ships from helicopters at 04:45 am. She also said that stun grenades and smoke bombs were used. Therefore, activists and crewmembers used gas masks. Norman Paech, a former member of the German parliament Left Party who was aboard the  Mavi Marmara said he only saw three activists resisting on his part of the boat and said  "They had no knives, no axes, only sticks that they used to defend themselves."

Reporters for Iranian TV and Al Jazeera TV news told of the use of  tear gas/CS gas and stun grenades. The Israeli soldiers said that the activists wore gas masks and ski masks. Neither side was fully believed by the United Nations, who tried not to take sides.

### The MV Rachel Corrie is raided
The MV Rachel Corrie gave in and hoisted the white flag of truce when boarded by the Israeli navy.

### The Challenger One is raided
The ship Challenger One sped up to allow journalists to take their photos of the ongoing raid. Huwaida Arraf, an American activist who was on the *Challenger One* reported that Israeli soldiers attacked anyone who tried to block them from taking over the vessel with kicks, tasers, and stun grenades.

### The other, unnamed ship is raided
The final ship in the convoy gave in as it was raided and hoisted a white flag.

### The results
9-19 were said to be dead, and 32-50 were said to be injured. 10 of the injured were Israelis, and 1 of the dead was a Turkish politician. Israel has confirmed four being dead. Among the dead was İbrahim Bilgen, a Turkish politician from the Felicity Party.

At least 32 activists who had been aboard the ships were arrested and incarcerated by the Israel Prisons Service after they refused to sign deportation orders, including two who were wounded but refused hospital treatment.

Israel said that the navy forces "found weapons ready in advance and used against our forces." IDF photos displayed knives, metal and wooden poles, flares, wrenches and slingshots with marble projectiles said to have been used against the soldiers. The activists were said to have also lobbed stun grenades at IDF soldiers, and the IDF showed video illustrating this. The Israeli searches of the ship found bulletproof vests, night-vision goggles, and gas masks. A press-release by the Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel said that violence against the soldiers was already planned, and that "light weaponry" was found on the ships, including pistols that would have been seized from activists on the *Mavi Marmara* by the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) soldiers.

A close-up picture presented to readers of *Jerusalem Post* as *The array of equipment found on board the ships that made up the Gaza aid flotilla was as divergent as the flotilla’s stated aims*, showed some knives and clubs. Israeli troops also admitted to finding wheelchairs, cleaning supplies and baby milk onboard both the ships. A high ranking Norwegian officer stated after watching pictures that "This is not military equipment," and that most of the tools and kitchen knives would belong on a ship. High ranking Officials in the Customs Undersecretariat called the Israeli "complete nonsense".

## Afterwards 
For the most part, the diplomatic result was harsh on Israel.

Egypt opened its Rafah Border Crossing with the Gaza Strip to allow medical aid to enter after world criticism of the raid. Hamas's leader Khaled Meshaal call for the border to be opened.

The Israeli blockade against Gaza itself is not illegal, and it's okay for Israeli ships to operate in international waters to enforce it," said Allen Weiner, former U.S. State Department

The German newspaper *Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung*, said international law says countries are not allowed to extend their rule on areas outside of their coastal waters. In Israel’s case,  from the coast.

South Africa's Ambassador left Israel and returned to South Africa in protest. Lawyer Dr. Turgut Tarhanlı of the University of Istanbul cited the ideal of innocent passage, under which vessels are given safe travel rights in a manner which is not "prejudicial to the peace, good order or the security" of the state.

Cyprus stated its belief that NGOs must be allowed to do their work freely and lawfully. Further, it called for the lifting of the blockade of Gaza.

North Korea's Foreign Ministry condemned Israel, which "mercilessly killed or wounded dozens of civilians aboard the boats." It went on to call the attack a "crime against humanity perpetrated at the U.S. connivance and under its patronage and a blatant challenge to the Arabs including Palestinians and the Mideast peace process". The statement also "expresses full support and solidarity with the cause of the Palestinians and other Arab people"

Iran Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei condemned the savage attack of the Zionist regime against an international aid convoy heading towards Gaza, and said the Israeli regime proved that it is more brutal than fascists. Iran president Mahmoud Ahmedinejad said that the incident was an "inhuman action of the Zionist regime against the Palestinian people" and that it would bring the regime "closer than ever to its end." The Iranian government called for a boycott of Israel. Iran's Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) Secretary Saeed Jalili high lighted the need among regional and Islamic states to confront the Zionist regime of Israel effectively. Iran's Foreign Ministry condemned the raid, saying "the incident once again revealed the criminal and war-mongering nature of the Zionist regime." Iran also on the UN Security Council and the OIC to take swift punitive action against Israel.

The Irish Taoiseach Brian Cowen described the attacks as "very serious" and stated that he feels the blockade action was a violation of international law. He also stated that people are allowed to receive humanitarian assistance.Minister for Foreign Affairs Micheál Martin said he was "gravely concerned"

French President Nicolas Sarkozy condemned "the outsized use of force" against the flotilla.

Belgium's foreign minister, Steven Vanackere, called the use of Israeli force "disproportionate" and "invited the Israeli ambassador to explain how things  happened."

The Bosnian representative at the UN Security Council, Ivan Barbalić, condemned the Israeli attack, called for an investigation, and wanted Israel to lift the blockade of Gaza.

China Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu condemned Israel's raid on the international convoy and urged Israel to carry out UN Security Council resolutions and improve the humanitarian situation in Gaza.

The Bulgarian Foreign Ministry demanded the quick release of two Bulgarian journalists traveling in the convoy. In addition, Bulgaria condemned the attack, saying "nothing can justify the violence that resulted in the killing of over 10 people on board one of the ships." It called for an investigation.

Protest rallies hit the streets of Tottenham, Paris, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and Malaysia.

The USA also expressed pro-Israeli opinions, while Nauru said Hamas was wrong.

The Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the Israeli action, calling it a "criminal attack" and expressed its "most energetic condemnation."  Cuba called for the lifting of the Gaza blockade and reaffirmed its solidarity with the Palestinian people. The former Cuban President Fidel Castro had condemned Israel's attack on the Freedom Flotilla as "Nazi fascist fury." He added that the Israeli commandos who boarded the ships fired at the aid workers.

Montenegro, China, Zambia and the UK called for a peaceful solution to the situation.

The representative of Gabon at the UN Security Council expressed his shock at the events. He further called upon Israel to lift the blockade of Gaza and called all parties to end the violence.

Switzerland called for an international inquiry and summoned the Israeli ambassador.

The Holy See expressed "great concern and pain" about the incident.

## The fate of the captured people
Israel planned to deport all of the captured passengers within 48 hours of their arrival in Israel.  On of 2 June 2010 Israel had decided to release over 600 of the detained activists.

## References
## Other websites
* "Gaza Freedom flotilla carried world-renowned names and veteran activists" – *The Guardian* (lists passengers)
* "Q&A: The Gaza Freedom flotilla" – *The Guardian*
* Israel attacks Gaza flotilla – live coverage – *The Guardian*
* Straight into the trap – *Haaretz*

;International response
* UN Security Council Condemns Acts Resulting in Civilian Deaths during Israeli Operation, Declaration after the first meeting, 31 May
* Global Condemnation of Israeli Armed Attack on Gaza-Bound Freedom Flotilla – video report by *Democracy Now!*

; Israeli response
* The Gaza flotilla and the maritime blockade of Gaza – Legal background, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* Communique from IDF Spokesperson with links to IDF videos, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
;Israel Defence Force video footage on YouTube
* Close-Up Footage of Israeli soldiers boarding the Mavi Marmara
* Helicopter Footage of Israeli soldiers boarding the Mavi Marmara
* Weapons Found on the Flotilla Ship Mavi Marmara Used by Activists Against IDF Soldiers
* Footage of Navy Warns Flotilla
* Footage of Soldier tossed off board