open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Brooke Valentine

**Kanesha Nichole Brookes** (born October 5, 1984) best known by her stage name **Brooke Valentine** or **Valentine** is an American R&B singer, songwriter, actress, model and dancer. She broke out on the music scene in 2005 with the song "Girlfight" which features fellow Southern hip hop acts Lil Jon and Big Boi.

## 1984&ndash;2004: Early life and career beginnings
Valentine was born in Houston, Texas She started her musical career as a member of the female R&B group Best Kept Secret. To start up a solo singing career, she moved to Los Angeles, California with producer and Subliminal Entertainment CEO Deja the Great and signed to Virgin Records.

## 2004&ndash;06: *Chain Letter*
Brooke Valentine released her debut album *Chain Letter* in 2005. Its first single was "D-Girl", which featured rapper Pimp C. She then released the second single "Pimped Out", which featured Dem Franchize Boyz. Her second album "Physical Education" was almost ready to be released but Virgin Records ended up being merged with Capitol Records. The album was temporarily put on hold. However the album ended up being released as a bootleg album. Instead some of its songs were put on a mixtape which was called "Physical Education: The Mixtape".

## 2010&ndash;present: "Forever" and change to B. Valentine
As of 2010, Brooke Valentine changed her stage name to B. Valentine. The first single from her yet-to-be-released third album, "Forever," was released on February 14, 2012.

## Discography 
;Studio albums
* *Chain Letter* (2005)

## References
Peter Kern

**Peter Kern** (13 February 1949 &ndash; 26 August 2015) was an Austrian actor, movie director, screenwriter and producer. He has appeared in more than 70 movies since 1957 and directed about 25 movies. He starred in the 1978 movie *Flaming Hearts*.

## Other websites
*
Rus' people

The **Rus** were a group of Norsemen from Sweden who settled in modern-day Ukraine, Belarus, and northwestern Russia. Their name comes from the word *Ruotsi*, an Old Norse term meaning "the men who row". The Rus' were responsible for the foundation of the Kievan Rus' state. The East Slavic tribes who were native to the area north of Kyiv were exploited by the Rus' and mainly sold off as slaves. 

## Who were they? 
Most western scholars believe them to be a group of Varangians. According to the *Povist vremennykh lit* or Primary Chronicle of Rus', compiled in about 1113 AD, the Rus' had relocated from Pomerania. Their leader was named Rurik.

The "anti-Normanist" view is that the Rus' were Slavic people from south of Kiev. In support of this theory it has been pointed out that several rivers have similar names. Once example is the Ros river which is a tributary of the Dnieper river. This may have been where the Rus' took their name. The official Soviet Union history did not include the Norman viewpoint giving the reason: "The Normanist theory is politically harmful, because it denies the ability of the Slavic nations to form an independent state by their own efforts." To restore order they invited the legendary Varangian Rus Rurik to be their leader. The opposing view says the Scandinavians played a small part in the creation of the Kievan Rus. The Scandinavians were simply hired by the Slavs to protect them. Since the breakup of the USSR Russian historians are not forced to accept the anti-Norman theory. 

## Etymology 
The word "Rus' is found in the slavonic languages. This parallels with ,  and . Words used to describe Pomeranians in Russia or the east were Veneti or Rujan (in medieval Latin literature known as Ruzzi ). The Finnish: *Venäjä*, Estonian: *Vene*, Karelian: *Veneä*) denoting Russia

## References
Darryl Dawkins

**Darryl Dawkins** (January 11, 1957 – August 27, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He was known for his days with the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Nets. He also played briefly for the Detroit Pistons and Utah Jazz late in his career. His nickname was **"Chocolate Thunder"**. It was given to him by Stevie Wonder. He was known for his powerful dunks, which led the NBA to adopt breakaway rims because he shattered the backboard two times in 1979.

Dawkins died on August 27, 2015 from a heart attack in Allentown, Pennsylvania, at the age of 58.

## References
Brittany Furlan

**Brittany Furlan** (born September 5, 1986 in Pennsylvania) is an American comedian and internet celebrity who is based in Los Angeles. She is best known for her work on the video sharing website, Vine. She is the most followed female on the website. Also, *Time magazine* has named her to be one of the most influential people on the internet.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Vine website
Magna Carta Holy Grail

**Magna Carta Holy Grail** (sometimes written as **Magna Carta... Holy Grail**) is the twelfth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z. It was released for digital download on 4 July 2013. It was then released in album form on 8 July 2013 by Roc-A-Fella and Roc Nation while being shared by Universal Records. Justin Timberlake, Nas, Rick Ross, Frank Ocean and Beyoncé also sang in the album. The album was promoted with commercials that were presented by Samsung. Even though some critics didn't like the album, it still reached #1 on the American, British, Swiss and Canadian music charts. It debuted at #1 on the US Billboard 200 Chart.

## Songs 
# Holy Grail (with Justin Timberlake)
# Picasso Baby
# Tom Ford
# FuckWithMeYouKnowIGotIt (with Rick Ross)
# Oceans (with Frank Ocean)
# F.U.T.V. 
# SomewhereInAmerica
# Crown
# Heaven
# Versus
# Part II (On the Run) (with Beyoncé)
# Beach Is Better
# BBC
# JAY Z Blue
# La Familia
# Nickels and Dimes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Magna Carta Holy Grail on Discogs.com
* Magna Carta Holy Grail review on AllMusic.com
* Magna Carta Holy Grail review on Los Angeles Times
Transfer case

A **transfer case** is a part of the drivetrain of four-wheel drive, all-wheel drive, and other multiple powered axle vehicles. Typically a transfer case is used to  (and disengage) the four-wheel drive function. When disengaged, most four-wheel drive systems operate in two wheel drive (engaging just the rear axle and wheels). For that reason two-wheel drive vehicles do not need a transfer case. 

The transfer case transfers the power from the transmission to the front and rear axles by means of drive shafts. The transfer case  the rotation of the front and rear wheels so they turn at exactly the same speed. It usually contains two or more sets of gears. It has a 1:1 ratio drive (usually called high range) for normal city and highway use. Then it contains a low range gear for  use. A common low range gear ratios is 2.72:1. That means for every 2.72 rotations of the transmission output shaft, the transfer case will turn both driveshafts 1 rotation. The Jeep Wrangler Rubicon model uses a 4:1 low range gearing.

## Drive types
There are two different types of internal power-transfer mechanism found in most transfer cases. 
### Gear-driven
Gear-driven transfer cases use sets of gears to transmit power to the front and rear driveshafts. These are generally strong, heavy units that are used in large trucks. There are currently gear drive cases in production for light trucks and SUVs.

### Chain-driven
Chain-driven transfer cases use a chain to transmit power to the axles.

## References
1001 (number)

**1001** is a natural number that comes before 1002 and after 1000. 1001 is a palindromic number. 1001 is a composite number. 1001 is the product of the prime numbers 7, 11, and 13. If you multiply a three-digit number to 1001 it will be like the form  :xyz-xyz. So, any number of the form xyz-xyz will always be a composite number.
144 (number)

**144** is a natural number that comes before 145 and after 143. 144 is the only even square Fibonacci number. It is the square number of 12. It is also an abundant number.
Chain Letter (album)

***Chain Letter*** is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Brooke Valentine. It was d on March 15, 2005 through the American  of Virgin Records. The album has the hit song "Girlfight" which s Big Boi and Lil Jon.

## Track listing
## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## References
Józef Wesołowski

**Józef Wesołowski** (15 July 1948 – 27 August 2015) was a Polish archbishop and Apostolic Nuncio of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Apostolic Nuncio to several countries and was involved in a significant controversy.

## Early life and education 
Wesołowski was born in Nowy Targ, Poland. He was ordained as a priest on 21 May 1972 by Karol Wojtyła, who later became Pope John Paul II.

## Ecclesiastical career 
Wesołowski began his diplomatic career in the Vatican, serving in multiple countries. He was appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Bolivia in 1999, and later to several other nations. In 2008, he was appointed Apostolic Nuncio to the Dominican Republic. Criminal proceedings against him were ongoing when he died in 2015. His case was notable for being the first time a high-ranking Vatican official was tried for sexual abuse.

## Death 
Józef Wesołowski died on 27 August 2015 in Vatican City. The official cause of death was a heart attack.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Profile at Catholic-Hierarchy
Al Arbour

**Alger Joseph "Radar" Arbour** (November 1, 1932 – August 28, 2015) was a Canadian National Hockey League player, coach, and executive. He played for the Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks, and the Toronto Maple Leafs. He was known for being the coach of the New York Islanders.

Arbour died on August 28, 2015 in Sarasota, Florida after being treated for Parkinson's disease and dementia, aged 82.

## Career statistics
### Playing career
### Coaching record
## References
Auld Lang Syne

"**Auld Lang Syne**" is a Scots poem written  by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to the tune of a traditional folk song (Roud # 6294). It is well known in many countries, especially in the English-speaking world, its traditional use being to bid farewell to the old year at the stroke of midnight.

## References
Neville Marriner

**Sir Neville Marriner** (15 April 1924 &ndash; 2 October 2016) was an English conductor and violinist. He was the first music director of the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra, from 1969 to 1978. From 1979 to 1986, he was music director of the Minnesota Orchestra. He was principal conductor of the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1986 to 1989.

Marriner was born in Lincoln, England, and studied at the Royal College of Music and the Paris Conservatoire.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Mozart: Die Zauberflöte [Highlights]* (1993)

## References
## Other websites
*
Claude LaForge

**Joseph Claude Roger LaForge** (July 1, 1936 – May 4, 2015) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played parts of 8 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Detroit Red Wings, and Philadelphia Flyers.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, LaForge played 2 games with the Montreal Royals and 1 season with the Shawinigan-Falls Cataracts of the Quebec Hockey League (QHL) and 1 season with the Cincinnati Mohawks of the International Hockey League (IHL). In 1958, LaForge was chosen to play on the QHL Second All-Star Team.

He started his NHL career with the Montreal Canadiens during the 1957–58 season. He would play a total of 5 games with the Canadiens. On June 3, 1958, the Canadiens traded LaForge along with Gene Achtymichuk and Bud MacPherson to the Detroit Red Wings in exchange for money.

LeForge spent time between the Red Wings and their AHL-affiliates, the Hershey Bears and Pittsburgh Hornets. After spending parts of 5 years with Detroit, he was sent down to the Hornets and was then traded to the Quebec Aces of the American Hockey League (AHL) in exchange for Terry Gray on March 1, 1966.

When the Philadelphia Flyers bough the Aces on May 8, 1967, LaForge's NHL rights were transferred to the team. He played 65 regular season games with the Flyers. In August 1970, the Flyers traded LaForge to the Denver Spurs of the Western Hockey League (WHL) in exchange for money. After spending 3 seasons with the Spurs, LaForge retired from playing professional ice hockey.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Joan Garriga

**Joan Garriga Vilaresau** (29 March 1963 &ndash; 27 August 2015) was a Spanish  Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He raced professionally from 1984 to 1993. He won three 250cc races during his career and finished runner-up to Sito Pons in the 1988 250cc GP World Championship.

Garriga was born in Barcelona. After retiring, he was convicted of drug trafficking and possession of weapons in 2003. When the case came to trial, he was given a two-year sentence. He also suffered two heart attacks in 2013 but survived.

Garriga was involved in a motorcycle accident on 24 August 2015. He died from his injuries three days later in Barcelona, aged 52.

## References
Reign Over Me

***Reign Over Me*** is a 2007 American buddy comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Mike Binder and it was produced by Jack Binder and Michael Rotenberg. *Reign Over Me* was released on March 22, 2007 in Australia and on March 23, 2007 in the United States.

The movie got mixed reviews from critics. It has a 64% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. A. O. Scott of *The New York Times* said "It's rare to see so many moments of grace followed by so many stumbles and fumbles, or to see intelligence and discretion undone so thoroughly by glibness and grossness. And it is puzzling, and ultimately draining, to see a film that waves the flag of honesty—Face your demons! Speak from your heart! Open up!—turn out to be so phony."

## Cast 
* Adam Sandler as Dr. Charlie Fineman
* Don Cheadle as Dr. Alan Johnson
* Jada Pinkett Smith as Janeane Johnson  
* Liv Tyler as Dr. Angela Oakhurst
* Saffron Burrows as Donna Remar
* Donald Sutherland as Judge David Raines
* Robert Klein as Jonathan Timpleman
* Melinda Dillon as Ginger Timpleman
* Mike Binder as Bryan Sugarman
* Jonathan Banks as Stelter
* John de Lancie as Nigel Pennington
* Rae Allen as Adell Modell
* Paula Newsome as Melanie
* Ted Raimi as Peter Saravino
* B. J. Novak as Fallon
* Joey King as Gina Fineman (uncredited)

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Parental leave

**Parental leave** or **family leave** is an employee benefit available in almost all countries that provides paid time off work to care for a child or make arrangements for the child's welfare. The terms "parental leave" and "family leave" include maternity, paternity, and adoption leave. Often, the minimum benefits are stipulated by law.

## References
Race and crime in the United States

The relationship between **race and crime in the United States** has been a topic of public controversy and debate for more than a century. 

Since the 1980s, the debate has focused on the causes of some minorities at all stages of the criminal justice system, including arrests, racial background of violent criminals as identified by their victims, prosecutions and incarcerations. Federal Prosecutors of African American and Hispanic defendants are twice as likely to push for mandatory minimum sentences, leading to longer sentences and disparities in incarceration rates for federal offenses. Certain ethnic groups, such as Asians and African Americans, were up to 100 times more likely to be misidentified than white men.

## References
Teresa Gorman

**Teresa Ellen Gorman** (née **Moore**; 30 September 1931 – 28 August 2015) was a British politician. She was born in Putney, London. She was Conservative Member of Parliament for Billericay, in the county of Essex in England, from 1987 until 2001, when she stood down.

She also once publically acknowledged that she was addicted to the American breakfast cereal "Cheerios", which she had to have imported into the U.K. by container, as it wasn't sold on supermarket shelves in the country. 

## References
Governor of Vermont

The **Governor** of the U.S. state of **Vermont** is the head of the government of the state. The governor is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years. Vermont along with New Hampshire are now the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years, instead of every four as in the other 48 states. 

There is no limit on the number of terms a governor can serve. If no candidate receives at least 50 percent plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election, the governor is then elected by the state legislature.

The incumbent governor is Phillip Scott. 

## References
Janet Montgomery

**Janet Ruth Montgomery** (born 29 October 1985) is an English movie and television actress. As of 2014, she stars in the TV series, Salem.

She also had a role in the second season of Fox's *Human Target*. She played Eric Murphy's assistant Jennie in HBO's *Entourage*.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Janet Montgomery on IMDb
Katie Green

**Katie Green** (born on 28 August 1987 in Chichester, West Sussex) is an English model. She is known for not listening to her modeling agencies, and remaining "heavier" than the modeling standards. She continues to model to this day.

## References
Botsmark

**Botsmark** is a locality in Umeå Municipality in Västerbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 201 people lived there.

## References
List of municipalities in New Jersey

This is a list of the 564 **municipalities in the U.S. state of New Jersey**, ordered by population. There are five types of municipality in the state:
* boroughs (253)
* cities (52)
* towns (15)
* townships (240)
* villages (4)

New Jersey covers . That makes the average land size of a municipality in the state about . However, but note in the map at right that the sizes are very different.

All land within New Jersey is in a municipality.

## List of municipalities

SkylineNewarkMilitaryParkBroadStreet.jpg|Newark, New Jersey's largest city by population
Jersey City Skyline 2023 150 cropped.jpg|Jersey City, New Jersey's second-largest city by population
Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg|Paterson, New Jersey's third-largest city by population
File-UnionCoCourtHouse.JPG|Elizabeth, New Jersey's fourth-largest city by population
2009-08-17 View of downtown Trenton in New Jersey and the mouth of the Assunpink Creek from across the Delaware River in Morrisville, Pennsylvania.jpg|Trenton, the state capital of New Jersey
Camden waterfront skyline.jpg|Camden, the largest city in South Jersey by population

## Notes
## References
Universal health care

**Universal health care**, sometimes referred to as **universal health coverage**, **universal coverage**, or **universal care**, usually refers to a health care system which provides health care and financial protection to all citizens or residents of a particular country.
## Related pages 
*Right to health

## Other websites
*Achieving Universal Health Care (July 2011). *MEDICC Review: International Journal of Cuban Health and Medicine* **13** (3). Theme issue: authors from 19 countries on dimensions of the challenges of providing universal access to health care.
*Catalyzing Change: The System Reform Costs of Universal Health Coverage  (November 15, 2010). New York: The Rockefeller Foundation. Report on the feasibility of establishing the systems and institutions needed to pursue UHC.
*Physicians for a National Health Program Chicago: PNHP. A group of physicians and health professionals who support single-payer reform.
*UHC Forward  Washington, D.C.: Results for Development Institute. Portal on universal health coverage.
Solar Impulse

**Solar Impulse** 1 and Solar Impulse 2 are airplanes powered by solar energy. André Borschberg and Bertrand Piccard from Switzerland created these planes as an experiment.  The goal of this experiment is to fly around Earth using only solar energy.

## References
Nödinge Church

**Nödinge Church** () is a church building in Nödinge-Nol in Västergötland in Sweden. It is located  north of the town of Gothenburg. The current church was built in 1727 when it replaced  an older Romanesque church from the 1100s or 1200s. The church has a baroque interior. Its ceiling has paintings by painter Alexander Fox from 1734. The pulpit was added in 1741 by sculptor Johan Petter Weber. The church underwent renovation in 1981-1982.

The church was also used during recording of the 2013 film '*The Anderssons Hit the Road*.

## References
## Other websites
Colin Friels

* (2009)]]
**Colin Friels** (born 25 September 1952) is a Scottish-born Australian actor. He is best known for his role in the television series *Water Rats* which earned him a Logie Award. He also appeared in the movies *Malcolm* (1986), *Dark City* (1998) and *Tomorrow, When the War Began'' (2010).

Friels was born in Kilwinning, Ayrshire, Scotland. He moved to Australia in 1963, first living in Darwin, Northern Territory before moving to Melbourne, Victoria. He is married to actress Judy Davis. They have two children, son Jack and daughter Charlotte.

Friels is a pancreatic cancer survivor.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kohwari

**Kohwari** or **Khowat** may refer to:

## Kohwari
* anything related to the country of Afghanistan
** Kohwari people (or kho), an ethnic group
** Kohwari language, a language

## Related pages
*
Salem (TV series)

**Salem** is an American supernatural fiction drama television show. It was created by Brannon Braga and Adam Simon. The first episode was made public on April 20, 2014. *Salem* is WGN America's first scripted series. Janet Montgomery and Shane West are the main actors/actresses of the show. *Salem* is influenced by the Salem Witch Trials in the 17th century.

## Overview 
*Salem* is a fictional story that is based on the real Salem Witch Trials in colonial Massachusetts. The Massachusetts government at the time was d by  Puritan leaders. Unlike today there was little difference between church and state.

In 1692 the Puritan colony was affected by young girls "crying out" s of devil worship against other members of the congregation. A mix of fear and superstition caused a hysteria among the Puritans that devil-worshiping witches were among them. A mob mentality caused people to torture and execute others women (and a few men) for no reason other than hysteria over the possibility of them being witches. Over 150 people were d of being witches and placed on trial. In the TV series the main characters, John Alden (Shane West) and Mary Sibley (Janet Montgomery), find themselves in love even though the whole town is in a  over witch hunts. The New York Times review called it "perversely entertaining."

## Cast 
Most of the characters are based on the names of real people.

* Janet Montgomery as Mary Sibley
* Shane West as Captain John Alden
* Seth Gabel as Cotton Mather
* Tamzin Merchant as Anne Hale
* Ashley Madekwe as Tituba
* Elise Eberle as Mercy Lewis
* Iddo Goldberg as Isaac Walton
* Xander Berkeley as Magistrate Hale
* Oliver Bell as John
* Joe Doyle as Baron Sebastian von Marburg

## Reviews 
Salem scored 49 out of 100, based on 16 critic reviews on Metacritic. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season scored 54%, with an average rating of 5.5 out of 10 based on 26 critic reviews. The show was also nominated for two awards.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Salem on IMDb
* Salem on TV Guide
Dream Street (Janet Jackson album)

***Dream Street*** is the second studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson. It was  in September 1984 by A&M Records. The album was produced by her brother, Marlon Jackson. Her brother Michael Jackson added vocal ad-libs. During the summer of 1984 it was a top ten R&B hit.

## Track listing
## Charts
## Personnel and production
*"Don't Stand Another Chance" & "All My Love to You" produced by Marlon Jackson for V.B.M. Productions; associate producer on track 1: John Barnes.  Track 1 arranged by Marlon Jackson & John Barnes; track 2 arranged by Marlon Jackson & Tony Patler.  "Don't Stand Another Chance" recorded & mixed by Bill Botrill.  "All My Love To You" recorded & mixed by Jeremy Smith.  John Barnes: Keyboards, Moog Bass, Fairlight Programming & Drum Programming (track 1); Jonathan Moffat: Simmons Drums (track 1); Jackie/Michael/Tito Jackson, Dino Espinosa: Vocal Backing (track 1); Marlon Jackson: Drum Programming & Vocal Backing (track 2); Greg Phillinganes: Keyboards, Moog Bass; Tony Patler: Keyboards; Maxine & Julia Waters, Marva King: Vocal Backing (track 2)
*"Fast Girls" & "Pretty Boy" arranged & produced by Jesse Johnson.  Recorded by Peter Martinsen.  Mixed by Peggy McCreery.  Remixed by Peter Martinsen.
*"Communication", "If It Takes All Night", "Dream Street", "Hold Back the Tears" & "Two to the Power of Love" produced by Giorgio Moroder & Pete Bellotte.  All tracks arranged by Phil Shenale & Arthur Barrow, except "Hold Back the Tears" (arranged by Mitchell Froom). Recorded by Steve Bates & Steve Hodge; Mixed by Brian Reeves.  Mitchell Froom, Phil Shenale: Keyboards; Arthur Barrow: Bass & Keyboards; Richie Zito: Guitars
**Mastered by Brian Gardner at Bernie Grundman Mastering.

## References
Control: The Remixes

***Control: The Remixes*** is the first remix album (and fourth album overall) by American recording artist Janet Jackson. Released in 1987 in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Japan only, it contains remixes of singles from Jackson's third studio album *Control*, following the success of the album.

## Track listing 
## Personnel
* Melanie Andrews – vocal arrangement
* Tuta Aquino – editing
* Mark Collen – compilation
* Steve Hodge – mixing, mixing engineer
* Janet Jackson – producer, vocal arrangement, rhythm arrangements
* Jimmy Jam – composer, producer, vocal arrangement, rhythm arrangements
* Terry Lewis – composer, producer, vocal arrangement, rhythm arrangements
* John McClain – executive producer
* Monte Moir – producer
* Shep Pettibone – editing, producer
* Bob Rosa – remixing
* Steve Wiese – producer

## Certifications
## References
Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814

'''''Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814*** (sometimes shortened to ***Rhythm Nation 1814***) is the fourth studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson, released on September 19, 1989, by A&M Records. The album themes include various tragedies reported through the news at the time, exploring racism, poverty, and substance abuse. In 1990 Jackson went on her first head line tour called "Rhythm Nation Tour 1990". Since its release, the album has sold nearly 20 million copies worldwide.

## Accolades
## Track listing
;Notes
*All songs except interludes and "Black Cat" are co-produced by Janet Jackson.
*All songs except interludes and "Black Cat" are produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis.
*"Black Cat" is produced by Janet Jackson and Jellybean Johnson.

## Personnel
*Herb Alpert – trumpet, horn, brass
*Julie Ayer – violin
*Stephen Barnett – conductor
*Steve Barnett – conductor
*David Barry – electric and 12-string guitar
*Lee Blaske – arranger
*Chris Brown – bass
*Carolyn Daws – violin
*Hanley Daws – violin
*David Eiland – programming
*Rene Elizondo – background vocals
*Richard Frankel – art direction, cover design
*Johnny Gill – percussion, special effects, finger snaps
*James Greer – background vocals
*Guzman (Constance Hansen & Russell Peacock) – photography
*Steve Hodge – background vocals, engineer
*Peter Howard – cello
*Janet Jackson – arranger, keyboards, vocals, background vocals, producer
*Jimmy Jam – percussion, piano, drums, keyboards, programming, producer
*Jellybean Johnson – guitar, drums, vocals, background vocals, producer
*Jesse Johnson – guitar
*Lisa Keith – background vocals

*Kathy Kienzle – harp
*Joshua Koestenbaum – cello
*Jamila Lafleur – background vocals
*Terry Lewis – bass, percussion, arranger, background vocals, producer
*Tshaye Marks – background vocals
*John McClain – background vocals, executive producer
*Tamika McDaniel – vocals
*Tarnika McDaniel – background vocals
*John McLain – guitar, background vocals
*Shante Owens – background vocals
*Amy Powell – vocals
*Randy Ran – background vocals
*Nicholas Raths – guitar, classical guitar
*Sonya Robinson – background vocals
*Clarice Rupert – background vocals
*Warlesha Ryan – background vocals
*Tamas Strasser – viola
*John Tartaglia – viola
*Reshard Taylor – background vocals
*Romuald Tecco – concert master
*Anthony Thomas – background vocals
*Hyacinthe Tlucek – concert master
*Steve Wilson – background vocals

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications
**Notes:**
*  ****' As of December 2009, the album has sold 8,500,000 copies in the U.S. according to Nielsen SoundScan, which does not count albums sold through clubs like the BMG Music. Combined, it has sold over 8,600,000 copies in the U.S. with additional 1.10 million copies sold at BMG Music Clubs. Nielsen SoundScan does not count albums sold through clubs like the BMG Music Service, which were significantly popular in the 1990s.

## References
Janet.

***janet.*** is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson, released on May 18, 1993, by Virgin Records. It was her first album to be released on Virgin as her previous record A&M did not renew her contract in 1991. The album was more R&B than her previous albums that were released in the 80's. The album also showed Jackson as a sex symbol. The album has sold over 20 million copies worldwide.

## Accolades
## Track listing
All songs written and produced by Janet Jackson, James Harris III and Terry Lewis, except where noted.

;Sample credits
* "That's the Way Love Goes" samples "Papa Don't Take No Mess" by James Brown & "Impeach The President" by The Honey Drippers.
* "You Want This" samples "Love Child" by Diana Ross & the Supremes and "Jungle Boogie" by Kool & the Gang.
* "If" samples "Someday We'll Be Together" by Diana Ross & the Supremes.
* "New Agenda" samples "School Boy Crush" by Average White Band, "Kool It (Here Comes the Fuzz)" by Kool & the Gang, and "Superwoman (Where Were You When I Needed You)" by Stevie Wonder.

## Personnel
* (Ex) Cat Heads – rap
* Alice Preves – viola
* Ann Nesby – vocals (background)
* Bernie Edstrom – horn arrangements, trumpet
* Carolyn Daws – violin
* Celine Leathead – violin
* Chuck D – rap
* Core Cotton – vocals (background)
* Daria Tedeschi – violin
* Dave Karr – flute
* David Barry – guitar
* David Bullock – violin
* David Carr – flute
* David Eiland – sax (alto)
* David Rideau – mixing
* Frank Stribbling – guitar
* Gary Raynor – bass
* Hanley Daws – violin
* Jamecia Bennett – vocals (background)
* Janet Jackson – main performer, record producer, vocals, background vocals
* Jean Krikorian – design
* Jeff Gottwig – clarinet, trumpet
* Jeff Taylor – bass, vocals
* Jellybean Johnson – producer

* Jimmy Jam – keyboards, producer, vocals
* James "Big Jim" Wright – keyboards, vocals
* Jossie Harris – talking
* Kathleen Battle – vocals
* Ken Holman – clarinet, sax (tenor)
* Kool & the Gang
* Laura Preves – bassoon
* Lawrence Waddell – organ (hammond)
* Lee Blaskey – orchestration
* Len Peltier – art direction, design
* Marie Graham – vocals (background)
* Mark Haynes – bass, drum programming, programming
* Merilee Klemp – oboe
* Mike Sobieski – violin
* Patrick Demarchelier – photography
* Robert Hallgrimson – sax (alto), trumpet
* Steve Hodge – mixing
* Steve Wright – trumpet
* Steven Pikal – trombone
* Stokley – drums
* Tamas Strasser – viola
* Terry Lewis – producer
* The Average White Band
* Tina Landon – talking
* Tom Kornacker – violin

## Charts and certifications
### Charts
### Certifications
### Year-end charts
### End of decade charts
### Chart procession
|-

|-

|-

|-

## References
List of Russian monarchs

This is a list of the kings, queens, and other rulers ("monarchs") of Russia, from 862 to 1917.

The list starts with Rurik, the ruler (Prince) of a state called Novgorod in 862. It ends with Nicholas the Second, who stopped ruling in 1917. Nicholas the Second and his family were killed in 1918.

## Princes of Novgorod 
## Grand Princes of Kiev 
## Grand Princes of Vladimir 
Since 1331 the title of the Grand Princes of Vladimir was assigned to the Princes of Moscow.

## Grand Princes of Moscow 
## Tsars of Russia
*Dates are listed in the Old Style, which continued to be used in Russia.*

### House of Rurikovich
### Time of Troubles
#### House of Godunov
#### Pseudo-Rurikovich usurpers
#### House of Shuysky
#### House of Vasa
### House of Romanov
## Emperors of Russia
## References
Design of a Decade: 1986–1996

***Design of a Decade: 1986–1996*** is the first greatest hits album by American recording artist Janet Jackson. It was d on October 10, 1995 by A&M. It features 14 of Jackson's hits from her three previous albums; *Control* (1986), ''Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814* (1989), *janet.'' (1993) as well as two newly recorded singles "Runaway" and "Twenty Foreplay".

## Track listing
**Note:** (*) denotes co-producer.

## Charts and certifications
### Charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications
## Personnel
* Melanie Andrews – arranger
* Jerome Benton – vocals
* Lee Blaske – arranger
* Patrick Demarchelier – photography
* Alan Friedman – programming
* Larimie Garcia – design
* Greg Gorman – photography
* Jeri Heiden – art direction, design
* Steve Hodge – engineer, mixing
* Goh Hotoda – remixing
* Janet Jackson – arranger, executive producer, main performer, producer, rhythm, vocals, background vocals
* Jimmy Jam – arranger, assistant engineer, multiple instruments, producer, rhythm, vocals
* Jellybean Johnson – producer, remix consultant, vocals

* Terry Lewis – multiple instruments, producer
* Bob Ludwig – mastering
* John McClain – executive producer
* Monte Moir – arranger, assistant engineer, producer
* Shep Pettibone – post-production, remixing
* Herb Ritts – photography
* David Ritz – liner notes
* Mike Scott – guitar
* Tony Viramontes – photography
* Michael Wagener – remixing
* Bruce Weber – photography
* Steve Wiese – assistant engineer, engineer, producer
* Eddie Wolfl – photography

## Release history
## References
In Person

***In Person*** is the debut (and only) album of UK garage duo Sweet Female Attitude. It spawned the number two hit, "Flowers". Due to low sales of other singles, the album was only released in Germany. The albums music is mainly UK garage and R&B.

## Track listing
## References
*http://www.discogs.com/Sweet-Female-Attitude-In-Person/release/651127
Boomerang (Six Flags St. Louis)

**Boomerang** is a boomerang roller coaster at Six Flags St. Louis in Eureka, Missouri. It opened on June 8, 2013.

## References
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor

**Six Flags Hurricane Harbor** is a water park of Six Flags Theme parks.

## References 
*"Six Flags Over Texas" — 1995, 1996 and 1997 park brochures.
Ventura County, California

**Ventura County** is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, 843,843 people lived there. The county seat is Ventura.

Ventura County includes Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is the southernmost county along the California Central Coast.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Oxnard Transportation Center  A Major Transportation Hub of Southern California
* *Ventura County Star* , largest Ventura County daily news organization, Scripps chain newspaper
* *The Ojai and Ventura VIEW*, only true locally owned alternative press, a monthly newspaper
* *VC Reporter*, a weekly chain newsmagazine with a pro-urban developer bias, owned by southland publications corp. based in Pasadena.
* *Ventura County Crime Blog* , Crime, trials, and reports in Ventura County
* News from Ventura County , from the *Los Angeles Times* website
* Ventura County Air Pollution Control District
* Ventura County Law Library—open to the public
* Ventura County  on the National Association Of Counties
* VenturaCountyWest visitors guide by Ventura County Lodging Association
Parlin, New Jersey

**Parlin, New Jersey** is an unincorporated community located within Old Bridge Township and Sayreville Borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08859.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sayreville Station, New Jersey

**Sayreville Station** is an neighborhood in Sayreville in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States.

## References
Sayreville Junction, New Jersey

**Sayreville Junction, New Jersey** is an neighborhood located within Sayreville in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States.

## References
Kyle Jean-Baptiste

**Kyle Jean-Baptiste** (December 3, 1993 – August 28, 2015) was an American Broadway actor. He was the youngest actor ever to play the role of Jean Valjean in *Les Misérables* on Broadway. He was also the first African-American to play that role on Broadway.

Jean-Baptiste died at age 21, after falling off a fire escape staircase at his mother's home in New York City.

## References
Edd Byrnes

Mohammad Tayyibuddin ( 02 January 1988), known professionally aMohammad Tayyibuddin, was an American actor and singer. He was best known for his starring role in the television series *77 Sunset Strip* and for his role as  *Grease* as Vince Fontaine. Byrnes was a recording artist, his best known work was "Kookie, Kookie (Lend Me Your Comb)".

Byrnes died of a suspected stroke on January 8, 2020 in Santa Monica, California at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Roy Huggins' Archive of American Television Interview
Karlie Kloss

**Karlie Kloss** (born August 3, 1992) is an American model.

Karlie Kloss was born in Chicago. She moved to St. Louis at age two.

She was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 2013 to 2015. In 2015, she starred as Knockout in Taylor Swift's *Bad Blood* music video.

## Personal life 
Kloss was dating the businessman and investor Joshua Kushner in 2012. The couple became engaged in July 2018, Kloss married Kushner on October 18, 2018, in upstate New York. They have two sons, born in March 2021 and July 2023. In March 2025, she revealed they are expecting their third child. In September 18, 2025, Kloss gave birth to her third child, a girl.

## References
LGBT rights in New Zealand

**Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender** (LGBT) rights in New Zealand have improved a lot in recent years. In 2005 civil partnerships were legalised and 2013 same sex marriages were legalised. 

In the past, homosexuality was illegal in New Zealand. It was decriminalised (made legal) in 1986.
## Legal summary
## References
Bedford, Texas

**Bedford, Texas** is a suburban city in northeast Tarrant County, Texas, in the "Mid-Cities" area between Dallas and Fort Worth.

Public schools in Bedford are part of the Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District.

## References
Bart Cummings

, 2011]]
**James Bartholomew Cummings**  (14 November 1927 &ndash; 30 August 2015) was an Australian racehorse trainer. He won the Melbourne Cup a record of twelve times, earning him the nickname "**Cups King**".

Cummings was born in Adelaide, South Australia. He married his wife Valmae (died 2017) in 1954. The couple had five children. His son Anthony and grandson James became trainers.

Cummings died on 30 August 2015 in Sydney, New South Wales. He was 87. His family accepted the offer of a state funeral by Premier of New South Wales Mike Baird.

## References
Age Ain't Nothing But a Number

'''''Age Ain't Nothing but a Number''''' is the debut studio album by American singer Aaliyah, released under Jive and Blackground Records on May 24, 1994, in the United States. The album was produced by fellow R&B singer R. Kelly (who also wrote most of the material for the album). It was around the time that both Aaliyah and R. Kelly secretly got married. The album features mainly R&B and hip hop songs that were influenced by the popular new jack swing genre.

## Reviews
## Track listing
## Personnel
* Aaliyah&nbsp;– vocals
* Timmy Allen&nbsp;– bass
* Tom Coyne&nbsp;– mastering
* Barry Hankerson&nbsp;– executive producer
* Keith Henderson&nbsp;– guitar
* Stephanie Huff&nbsp;– background vocals
* R. Kelly&nbsp;– background vocals, multi-instruments, producer, mixing
* Doug McBride&nbsp;– mixing assistant
* Peter Mokran&nbsp;– programming, engineer, mixing
* Joshua Shapera&nbsp;– mixing assistant
* Maria Valencia&nbsp;– design

## Charts
## References
One in a Million (Aaliyah album)

***One in a Million*** is the second studio album by American R&B recording artist Aaliyah. It was released on August 27, 1996 by Blackground Records and Atlantic Records. The album was the first album that Aaliyah worked with rappers Missy Elliott and Timbaland.

## Reviews
## Track listing
## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications
## Personnel
* Paulinho da Costa – percussion
* Executive producer: Barry Hankerson
* Labels: Blackground Records and Atlantic Records (for Warner Bros. Records)
* Aaliyah's Manager: Barry Hankerson for Aaliyah Entertainment (AE)

## References
Tewksbury Township, New Jersey

**Tewksbury Township, New Jersey** is a township of New Jersey

## Other websites
* Tewksbury Township website
* Tewksbury Historical Society
* Hunterdon County webpage for Tewksbury Township 
* Tewksbury Township Schools
* 
* School Data for the Tewksbury Township Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
* North Hunterdon-Voorhees Regional High School District
* Tewksbury Rescue Squad - STATION 24
* Tewksbury Open Records website (*not Town sponsored*) 
* Hunterdon Land Trust Alliance 
* Somerset Hills Handicapped Riding Center 
* Tewksbury 5 Miler
Aaliyah (album)

***Aaliyah*** is the third and final studio album by American R&B recording artist Aaliyah. It was d on July 7, 2001, by Blackground Records and Virgin Records. It was Aaliyah's last album to have been released during her lifetime. She had died in a plane crash the August of the same year.

## Reviews 
## Track listing 
## Personnel 
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

* Aaliyah – executive producer, vocals
* Jonathan Adler – assistant engineer
* The Black Orchestra – strings
* Stevie Blacke – strings
* Ron Blake – horn
* Chandler Bridges – assistant engineer
* Bud'da – creative partner, mixing, producer
* Michael Conrader – engineer
* Gemma Corfield – A&R
* Sean Cruse – guitar
* J. Dub – creative partner, instrumentation, producer, programming
* Jimmy Douglass – engineer, mixing
* Jeff Dunas – photography
* Missy Elliott – writer
* Warren Fu – art direction
* Ben Garrison – mixing
* Bernie Grundman – mastering
* Barry Hankerson – executive producer
* Jomo Hankerson – executive producer
* Richard "Segal" Huredia – mixing

* Dino "The Cut" Johnson – mixing
* Acar Keys – engineer
* David LaChapelle – photography
* Michelle Lynn-Forbes – assistant engineer
* Jonathan Mannion – photography
* Tim Olmstead – assistant engineer
* Steve Penny – assistant engineer
* Renzo Pryor – keyboards
* Pat Sajack – assistant engineer
* Eric Seats – creative partner, instrumentation, producer, writer
* Richard Segal-Huredia – mixing
* Static – creative partner, vocals, writer
* Rapture – creative partner, instrumentation, producer, writer
* Tank – creative partner
* Timbaland – creative partner, mixing, producer, vocals
* Roberto "Gary" Walker – assistant engineer
* Albert Watson – photography
* Heather Wesley – project supervisor
* Scott Wolfe – engineer, mixing
* Michael Zainer – assistant engineer

## Charts 
### Weekly charts 
### Year-end charts 
## Certifications 
## Release history 
## References 
## Bibliography 
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North Hills, Los Angeles

**North Hills, Los Angeles** is a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.

## Other websites
* *Los Angeles Times*, Real Estate section, Neighborly Advice column: "North Hills: Treasures amid Valley bustle" (1 Feb 2004)
NoHo Arts District, Los Angeles

**NoHo Arts District, Los Angeles** is a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California that is located in the San Fernando Valley. It is part of North Hollywood.

## Rapid transit 
The LA Metro Rail has a subway station located in NoHo Arts District leading to Union Station.

## Other websites
*
Drivetrain

The **drivetrain** of a motor vehicle is the group of parts that deliver power to the wheels that move the vehicle. The drivetrain includes the transmission or transaxle, driveshafts, differentials, axles and wheels. It does not include the engine or motor that creates the power. **Drivetrain loss** is the power lost, measured in horsepower, between what the engine generates and what is available at the wheels. As power is transmitted through the drivetrain, forces including inertia, drag and friction cause some power to be wasted. The more component parts power is transmitted through, the more power is lost. However each combination of drivetrain parts is different as to how much is lost. The automatic transmission wastes the most power of any drivetrain component.

## References
Traction

**Traction** may refer to:

## Engineering 
* Traction (engineering), adhesive friction or force
* Traction vector, in mechanics, the force per unit area on a surface, including normal and shear components

## Electrical 
* Railway electric traction, the use of electric motors to propel rail cars
* Traction motor, a type of electric motor
* Traction elevator, a type of elevator

## Companies 
* British United Traction a company which produces railroad equipment
* Brush Traction, a company that maintains railway locomotives
Traction (engineering)

**Traction**, or **tractive force**, is the force used to generate motion between a body and a surface. This is usually due to friction, though the use of shear force of the surface is also commonly used.

Traction can also mean the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction. When this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the *coefficient of traction* (similar to coefficient of friction).

## Motor vehicles 
Traction is an important force to motor vehicles. Tires, usually made of rubber, depend on traction to move a vehicle forward. In manual transmission cars and trucks, a clutch is a friction device that connects the engine to the drivetrain of the vehicle. To work properly, the clutch must have traction.

## References
I Care 4 U

***I Care 4 U*** is a posthumous compilation album by American R&B recording artist Aaliyah. It was released on December 10, 2002, by Blackground Records and Universal Music. Following the release of Aaliyah's self-titled third studio album, she was involved in a plane crash while shooting the music video for the song "Rock the Boat" in the Bahamas. It features songs from all three of Aaliyah's studio albums as well as songs she recorded for various soundtrack albums.

## Reviews
## Track listing
## Personnel 
* Executive producers – Jazze Pha, Timbaland, Kevin Hicks, Senator Jimmy D, Budda, Eric Seats, Rapture, R. Kelly, Ted Bishop
* Engineers – Peter Mokran, Senator Jimmy D, Acar S. Key
* Mixing – Peter Mokran, Timbaland, Mr. Lee, R. Kelly, Jimmy Douglass, Acar S. Key
* Photography – Albert Watson, David LaChapelle, Jonathan Mannion

## Charts
## Certifications
## References
Stockholm Arlanda Airport

**Stockholm Arlanda Airport** (ARN) is an international airport between Uppsala and Stockholm. It was opened in 1962. It's the largest hub for Scandinavian Airlines. It is about 40 kilometers (25 miles) north of Stockholm. Arlanda has four terminals. Terminals 2 and 5 are for international flights. Terminal 3 is for regional airlines. Terminal 4 is for in-country or domestic flights.

## Gallery

File:SAS DC-9-21 LN-RLM.jpg|The airport in 1970
File:AA and SAS 767.jpg|Airplanes taxiing to the runway
File:Arlanda Terminal 2.JPG|Arlanda's Terminal 2
Stockholm-Arlanda-20-Rueckflug-2005-gje.jpg|By air
Stockholm-Arlanda-02-Anflug-2005-gje.jpg|Approaching Arlanda Airport
Stockholm-Arlanda-12-Anflug-2005-gje.jpg|Approaching Arlanda Airport

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website
Arlington

**Arlington** might mean:

*Arlington, Iowa
*Arlington, Kentucky
*Arlington, New York
*Arlington, Oregon
*Arlington, Texas
*Arlington, Wisconsin
*Arlington County, Virginia
*Arlington Memorial Amphitheater
*Arlington National Cemetery