open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Benrath

**Benrath** is a part of Düsseldorf. It belongs to Düsseldorf since 1929.

## History
The name Benrath came from the "Knights of Benrode". 
Benrath was mentioned for the first time in 1222.
The first church of Benrath was built in 1002.
In the 14th century Benrode belonged to the Counts of Berg.
Benrath was a village.

In the time of Industrial Revolution Benrath lied next to an important railway connection.
Benrath grew very fast in that time.

In 1929 Benrath became a part of Düsseldorf.

## Benrath today
Benrath is in the South of Düsseldorf. It has an area of 5.90&nbsp;km² and 15,900 inhabitants.
There is a railway station in Benrath (Benrath Railway Station). Until the 1980s, some long distance trains stopped in Benrath.
It is still a regional station.

 
Image:Benrather Rathaus.JPG|Benrath Mayor Hall
Image:St. Cäcilia Benrath.JPG|Church St. Cäcilia 
Image:St_Caecilia.jpg|Church St. Cäcilia 
Image:Schloss Benrath HG vorne.jpg|Schloss Benrath, main building, front side

## The Benrath line
In the German language the Benrath line is the border line between the Northern German and the Southern German idiom.

## The Benrath Castle 
The Benrath Castle is one of the largest castles from baroque time in Germany. 
In the castle there is a museum.
The park of the castle is very famous, too.
Franklin, Wisconsin

**Franklin, Wisconsin** can be one of six places:

*Franklin, Jackson County, Wisconsin, a town
*Franklin, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, a town
*Franklin, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, a town
*Franklin, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, a city
*Franklin, Sauk County, Wisconsin, a town
*Franklin, Vernon County, Wisconsin, a town
Wallaby

**Wallabies** are marsupials from the islands of Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and New Guinea. They are small- to medium-sized kangaroos. There are 30 different species of wallabies that live in many types of habitats, including rocky areas, grasslands, forests and swamps.

## About 
Wallabies range in size from the size of a rabbit to almost 6&nbsp;ft (1.8 m) long. The soft, woolly fur can be gray, brown, red or almost black. The belly is lighter. Females (called fliers) have a pouch in which the young live and drink milk. Males (called boomers) are larger than females. Babies are called joeys. They have short arms with clawed fingers, strong, legs, and long, four-toed feet with claws. They can hop and jump with their powerful 

These herbivores (plant-eaters) eat grass, leaves, and roots. They swallow their food without chewing it and later regurgitate a cud and chew it. They need very little water; they can go for months without drinking, and they dig their own water wells.
Suphan Buri province

**Suphanburi** was an ancient province. Researchers found evidence that is over 2500 years old. Artifacts have been found from the Stone Age, Iron Age and successive cultures including the Suwannapoom period, Funan, Aummarawadee and Sriwichai.
The old name of Suphanburi was Tarawadeesrisuphannapoom or Phan tumaburi, on a bank of Ta Jeen River. In the Ayuttaya period it was a capital city. Suphanburi was an outpost city and an important granary.

## Administration
In the present, Suphanburi is in central Thailand. It’s 108 kilometres away from Bangkok. Its administration is divided into 10 Aumper, 110 communes (tambon), and 997 villages that are.

#Aumper Muang Suphanburi
#Aumper Dan Chang
#Aumper Don Chedi
#Aumper Song Pi Nong
#Aumper Sam Chuk
#Aumper Bang Pla Ma
#Aumper Si Prachan
#Aumper U- Thong
#Aumper Nong Ya Sai
#Aumper Doem Bang Nang Buat

## The interesting places in Suphanburi
# Buffalo Villages is at Aumper Sri Prajan. It’s the place that shows about the way of life of Thai people with buffaloes and home stays for visitor at a low prize.
# Samchuk 100 years Market is at Aumper Sam Chuk. It was a Chinese community for a long time. It’s a place that you should visit! Because there are many old things for sale.
# Banharn-Jamsai Tower is at Aumper Muang Suphanburi. From this tower you can see views around Suphanburi province very far. And around this tower there is an amusement park, too.
# Bueng Chawak Aquarium is at Aumper Doem Bang Nang Buat. It’s a very interesting place to visit. There are many zones like the zoo, under water world, tree houses and Vegetables Park.
In Suphanburi has many more things to visit than this.

## References
Sukhothai

**Sukhothai** is a town in the lower portion of northern Thailand. It is about 440&nbsp;km from Bangkok. There are about 6,596.092&nbsp;km² of the area.

## Weather 
The general weather of Sukhothai follows the influence of the southwest monsoon and the northeast monsoon. Seasons are separated into 3 seasons: summer, rainy and winter.
The average temperature is about 27.6 degree Celsius; the average high is 33.0 degree Celsius; and the average low temperature is 22.2 degree Celsius. The average quantity of rain water is about 1,208.88 millimeters.

## References
Mother of the Nation

The term Mother of the Nation** refers to a female leader or female politician who led her country to independence or had a big, positive influence on her country, and who is highly honored by her country.**

## List
The following women are still often called the "Mother" of their respective nations.

## Related pages 
* Father of the Nation

## References
Ratatouille

:*For the 2007 movie, see Ratatouille (movie).*

**Ratatouille**  is an old French Provençal stewed vegetable dish, coming from Nice. The full name of the dish is ***ratatouille niçoise.*** The word *ratatouille* may come from the word *touiller*, which means "to stir up". It includes tomato sauce and cucumber.

## References
Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media

The Grammy Award for **Best Song Written for Visual Media** has been awarded since 1988 for the best songs written for movies, television, video games and other visual media.  

The award name has been through several changes over the years:
* 1988 to 1999: Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television 
* 2000 to 2011: Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
* 2012 to present: Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media

Alan Menken has the most wins in this category, winning five awards out of nine nominations. Diane Warren has the most nominations at 11, winning one.

## Winners and nominations 
Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year. The award is presented to the songwriter(s).

### 1980s 
### 1990s 
### 2000s 
### 2010s 
### 2020s 
## References
Die Tageszeitung

***die tageszeitung*** (short ***taz***) is a German newspaper.

The taz is a daily newspaper. It's circulation is about 54,000 newspapers a day.

The taz is a left-winged newspaper. It started in 1978 in West Berlin as an "alternative" project. Until today it's published by a co-operative.

## Other websites 
* The taz on the Web
Beat Crusaders

**Beat Crusaders** were a Japanese rock band. They were known for wearing masks in public. They did not wear their masks during concerts. There were 5 members in this band. The members were Hidaka Touru (vocals and guitar), Kubota Masahiko (bass), Katou Tarou (guitar), Mashi-ta (drums), and Keitaimo (keyboards). The band started in 1997. Almost all of their songs were written in English. Their music genre is said to be melodic hard core, digital rock, and power pop. 

## The masks 
The members of the band wear masks because they were once working as office workers and they could not show their faces. After they became well known, they decided to keep wearing their masks. The masks became a trademark for the band.  

## References
## Other websites
*
Inteha (1999 movie)

**Inteha** () is a Pakistani Urdu movie. It was released in 1999 across theaters in Pakistan. The movie was Samina Peerzada's debut directorial attempt, and established the careers of its two leading men Humayun Saeed and Zeeshan Sikander. Incidentally, both the actors also made their debut with Inteha.
Sound Horizon

**Sound Horizon** is a Japanese musical group. They released their first major album in 2004 with  *Elysion ~Rakuen e no Zensōkyoku~*. This album started as the number 14 most popular in Japan. They call themselves a "fantasy band". The band members change according to the song. The composer, **Revo** is the only person who always participates in the band.
John Vane (bushranger)

**Early Life**

**John Vane** was an Australian bushranger who became a member of Ben Hall's gang. He was one of the few members of the gang to die of old age, and not to be killed.

Vane was born at Jerry Plains near Singleton, New South Wales on 28 June 1842. His grandparents had come to Australia as convicts but his father and mother were seen as respectable and wealthy. They lived at Kelso, near Bathurst before moving to Jerry Plains in about 1841. When John was about six years old the family moved back to Kelso and then onto Teasdale Park (Carcoar), near Hobbys Yards. Teasdale Park was owned by George Chesher (Cheshire) who would become Vane's father-in-law. The Vane family moved to Kempfield, near the Abercrombie caves where they stayed for a number of years. John worked as a shepherd and the money he was paid helped his father buy land, probably their Wattle Grove home.

1850 John Vane and his brother William (Billy) went to work at James Hanrahan's Wentworth Gully Station near the Weddin Mountains. It is not known if all the family went or just the two boys. Billy taught John to ride horses while at Hanrahan's. They stayed there for about a year and returned to the Kempfield district.

John was 14 years when sent to Bathurst, apprenticed to a blacksmith and wheelwright named McDonald. He then went on to the Turon goldfields where he saved a some money before it was stolen from him. He then drove a bullock team between Orange and Lambing Flat (Young).

He was described in 1863 as being about six feet tall, with dark hair and a ruddy complexion. He worked as a stockman, looking after cattle and was said to be an excellent horse rider. Pechey and Rotton returned the next morning and the money was handed to Gilbert. Keightley was immediately released.  The story of the ride was later turned into a stage play. Many people say that John Vane is a handsome, old, lad but hated him dearly.

## Surrender
In November 1863 a priest, Father Tim M'Carthy met Vane by chance in the bush. He later met the bushranger's mother. They talked Vane into giving himself up. Vane continued to be in trouble with the police. In 1880 the newspapers reported that John Vane, ex-bushranger, was in court at Bathurst, for stealing 431 sheep. A friend, Terence M'Cann who had helped steal the sheep, was the main witness. John Vane's brother-in-law, Thomas Parker, tried to stop M'Cann from giving evidence. He was put in gaol for 12 months.

John Vane died of Ileocolitis in the hospital at Cowra, New South Wales on January 30, 1906. This book is part of the National Library of Australia's Digital Collection and can be viewed as a PDF. http://nla.gov.au/nla.aus-vn318116

## References
Lisa Gerrard

**Lisa Germaine Gerrard** (born 12 April 1961)  is an Australian musician, singer and composer who rose to fame as part of the group Dead Can Dance with former music partner Brendan Perry. 

Gerrard received a Golden Globe award and an Academy Award nomination for the score for the 2000 film *Gladiator* on which she teamed up with Hans Zimmer.

## Vocal ability
Gerrard possesses the vocal range of a contralto, spanning from E3-F5. Her voice has been described as rich, deep, dark, mournful and unique.   

She also has the ability to extend upwards into the dramatic mezzo-soprano range, examples of such would be on the songs *The Host of Seraphim*, *Elegy*,  *Space Weaver*, *Come This Way* and *One Perfect Sunrise*.   Gerrard however performs more predominantly in the dramatic contralto range in her other songs, *Sanvean*, *Sacrifice*, *Largo* and *Not Yet*. 

Gerrard sings many of her songs, such as *Now We Are Free*, *Come Tenderness*, *Serenity*, *The Valley of the Moon*, *Tempest*, *Pilgrimage of Lost Children*, *Coming Home* and *Sanvean* in an idioglossia (an idiosyncratic language) that she has developed since the age of twelve.

## References
Stop sign

The **stop sign** is a sign that is often placed at crossroads, when a road does not have traffic lights. This sign instructs the drivers to stop when they reach the crossroad and wait for other vehicles to pass. They can only proceed when the road is clear. This sign is one of the most significant and well-known signs of road traffic.

## Variants for the stop sign 
The stop sign is very common in every country. In some countries the stop sign is also written in the local language. For example in Japan, the stop sign is written in Japanese and English. Some decades ago a different symbol was used to indicate the stop sign.

## Stop signs around the world

Vienna Convention road sign B2a.svg|STOP sign in English
Cambodia road sign R3-01.svg|Cambodia
CN road sign 禁 1.svg|China
CL road sign RPI-2.svg|Chile
Cuban Stop Sign.svg|Cuba
Israel road sign 302.svg|Israel
Japan road sign 330-A.svg|Japan
Nigeria road sign - Stop.svg|Nigeria
North Korean stop sign.svg|North Korea
KR road sign 227.svg|South Korea
CH-1979-Vortrittssignal-Stop-nach-bisherigem-Recht (1979-2003).svg|Switzerland
Vanuatu stop sign.svg|Vanuatu
Red deer

The **red deer** (*Cervus elaphus*) is one of the largest deer species. The red deer lives in most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor and parts of western and central Asia, in Kashmir as the state animal. They can also be found in the Atlas Mountains region between Algeria and Tunisia in northwestern Africa. They are the only species of deer in Africa. Red deer have been introduced to other areas including Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. In many parts of the world the meat (venison) from red deer is widely used as a food source.

## References
Zayin

**Zayin** is the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. It is also spelled **zain** or **zayn** or simply **zay**.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek zeta (Ζ), Etruscan *z* , Latin Z, and  Cyrillic Ze З.
Ocimum tenuiflorum

***Ocimum tenuiflorum*** (also known as ***Ocimum sanctum***, **Tulsi**,  **Tulasī**) is an plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is also called Holy Basil.

Holy Basil, as the name suggest has a holy meaning for people of India, especially towards North and South India. It is usually placed or grown in every household in India and carries religious meanings. In bigger households, the holy basil or tulsi plant is placed in the centre of the house and prayers are offered in the morning time. People usually light an incense stick or agarbatti and pour water on the plant during the prayer.
 in Manipur.]]
Allspice

**Allspice** (also called **Jamaica pepper**, **Kurundu**, **Myrtle pepper**, **pimento**, **allspice berries**, or **newspice**) is a spice which is the dried unripe fruit of the *Pimenta dioica* plant, a tree native to the West Indies, southern Mexico and Central America. The tree *Pimenta dioica* is from the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), and it is very valued for its berries. The allspice was named because the flavor of the berry is like a mixture of cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg. It is used very much in baking, mostly for making mincemeat and mixed pickling spice. It was discovered first by the early Spanish explorers, who mistook it for a type of pepper.

Allspice is the only spice grown in the Western Hemisphere. But after that, the wild trees were cut down to get the berries and only a few allspice are left. There are many plantations in Mexico and Central America, too. However, the best allspice comes from Jamaica where the weather and soil are best for the berries. When the berries are not yet ripe, they are harvested and dried by the sun. They are different in size from between 4 and 7 mm (1/8 - 1/4 in) in diameter and are dark brown. Their skin is very wrinkled, and  the outer case has two seeds. Allspice can be eaten ground or whole.

## Storage 
Whole dried allspice can keep without a time limit if they are properly kept in airtight jars. They also must not face the light. It can be ground in a mill or an electric coffee grinder. After it is ground, the spice loses its flavor in a few days.

## References
Peony

The **peony** or **paeony (Paeonia)** is the only genus in the flowering plant family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, southern Europe and western North America. It is the national flower of China.

## References
## Other websites
Liriodendron tulipifera

**American tulip tree** (*Liriodendron tulipifera*), also called **tulip poplar** or **yellow poplar** is a type of tree. It is one of the two species in the genus *Liriodendron*. *L. tulipifera* can be found in Eastern North America. The tree can grow to over . It often has no limbs until it reaches 25-30 m (80-100 feet) in height. This makes it a good tree for timber. 

Baden-Baden-Liriodendren tulipifera-02-Tulpenbaum-Friesenberg-2012-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Liriodendren tulipifera-38-Tulpenbaum-Bluete-Blatt-2013-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Liriodendren tulipifera-32-Tulpenbaum-Bluete-2006-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Liriodendren tulipifera-28-Tulpenbaum-Bluete-2006-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Liriodendren tulipifera-24-Tulpenbaum-Borke-2012-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Liriodendren tulipifera-54-Tulpenbaum-Zweig-2014-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Liriodendren tulipifera-60-Tulpenbaumbluete-Frucht-2013-gje.jpg
Baden-Baden-Liriodendren tulipifera-64-Tulpenbaum-Rinde-Tulpe-2020-gje.jpg

## References
ActionScript

**ActionScript** is a scripting language similar to JavaScript. It is used for Adobe Flash and Adobe Flex.

## Example
An example Hello World program in ActionScript 3.0:

```actionscript
package com.example
{
    import flash.text.TextField;
    import flash.display.Sprite;

    public class Greeter extends Sprite
    {
        public function Greeter()
        {
            var txtHello:TextField = new TextField();
            txtHello.text = "Hello World";
            addChild(txtHello);
        }
    }
}
```

## Other websites 
*ActionScript Technology Center
*Adobe - Flash Developer Center
Avant-garde music

**Avant-garde music**, or **experimental music**, is a type of music that is meant to push the boundaries of "what music is." It started in the 1940s and 1950s after World War II. Some famous avant-garde composers were John Cage, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Henry Cowell.

## Examples of avant-garde songs
### 4'33"
This was a song written by John Cage that is 4 minutes and 33 seconds of complete silence. It is meant to make the audience listen to the sounds around them.

### Revolution 9
This is a song by the popular English rock band The Beatles. It appeared on their album *The Beatles*, also known as *The White Album* (released in 1968.) "Revolution 9" is over 8 minutes of random sounds, and someone repeatedly saying "number 9...number 9...number 9...number 9..." It was mostly the work of John Lennon and his wife, Yoko Ono.

### Hey Foxymophandlemama, That's Me
This is a song by the American grunge band Pearl Jam. It is the last song on their third album *Vitalogy*, released in 1994. It is over seven minutes long. It is made up of conversations between mental patients in asylums, and psychiatrists, with distorted bass guitar and drums laid over them.
Salwar kameez

**Salwar kameez** (also spelled **shalwar kameez** or **shalwar qameez**) is a traditional dress worn by both women and men in Southern Asia. Salvars or shalvars are loose pajama-like trousers. The legs are wide at the top, and narrow at the bottom. The kameez is a long shirt or tunic. The side seams (known as the chaak) are left open below the waist-line, which gives the wearer greater freedom of movement. It is the most common dress for men and women in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

## Gallery

Image:Kids flowers.jpg|Pakistani girl and boy with flowers, showing off typical shalwar kameez
Image:Selcuk woman edit.JPG|A woman in Selçuk, Turkey wearing traditional Turkish trousers similar to a salwar.
Image:Inside The Old Terminal Of Kabul International Airport.jpg|Men wearing shalwar kameez at Kabul Airport in Afghanistan.

## References
Funker Vogt

**Funker Vogt** is a German aggrotech band, formed by Gerrit Thomas and Jens Kästel in 1995. 

## Discography
### Studio Albums
**Thanks for Nothing* (1996)
**We Came to Kill* (1997)
**Killing Time Again* (1998) (part new material, part remixes)
**Execution Tracks* (1998)
**Maschine Zeit* (2000)
**T* (2000/2001) (contains 4 new tracks and 10 remixes)
**Survivor* (2002)
**Revivor* (2003) (remix album)
**Navigator* (2005)
**Aviator* (2007)
**Blutzoll* (2010)

### Singles
**Words of Power* (1997)
**Take Care* (1997)
**Tragic Hero* (1998)
**Gunman* (2000)
**Subspace* (2001)
**Date of Expiration* (2002)
**Red Queen* (2003)
**Fallen Hero* (2005)

## Other websites
*Official English site 
*Official German site 
*Funker Vogt dot com (English Fansite) 
*Funker Vogt - "We love provocation !" - Interview
Metropolis Records

**Metropolis Records** is a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania based record label, distributor, and mail-order store specializing in the electro-industrial, synthpop, futurepop, darkwave, and gothic musical genres.

## Artists signed
Many of the bands on Metropolis are signed to European labels for their European releases while releasing albums in North America through Metropolis.

Among the artists signed are:

* 16 Volt
* Accessory
* The A.K.A.s (Are Everywhere!)
* Alphaville
* Amduscia
* And One
* Angels and Agony
* Apoptygma Berzerk
* À Rebours
* Assemblage 23
* backandtotheleft
* Battery Cage
* Bauhaus
* Bella Morte
* Blutengel
* The Birthday Massacre
* Cesium_137
* Claire Voyant
* Cleaner
* Client
* Combichrist
* Covenant
* Das Ich
* Decoded Feedback
* Delaware
* Diary of Dreams
* Dismantled
* Electric Six
* Epoxies
* Excessive Force
* Fictional
* Flesh Field
* Front 242
* Front Line Assembly
* Funker Vogt
* Gary Numan
* Grendel (band)
* Hanzel und Gretyl
* IAMX
* Icon of Coil
* Informatik
* In Strict Confidence
* Imperative Reaction
* Juno Reactor
* KEN
* Kevorkian Death Cycle
* KMFDM
* Lights of Euphoria
* London After Midnight
* Mesh
* Mindless Faith
* Mindless Self Indulgence
* mind.in.a.box
* Moving Units
* PIG
* Psyclon Nine
* Specimen
* Suicide Commando
* System Syn
* Terrorfakt
* TheStart
* VNV Nation
* Velvet Acid Christ
* Wolfsheim
* :Wumpscut:

## Other websites
* Official site
Apoptygma Berzerk

**Apoptygma Berzerk** is a Norwegian musical group. They have achieved success with a brand of upbeat and danceable synthpop, winning awards and top-10 spots in Germany and Scandinavia. Apoptygma Berzerk (abbreviated to **APB** or **APOP**) has toured Europe, North America, South America and Israel with bands such as VNV Nation, Beborn Beton and Unheilig.

## Members
* Stephan Groth (Grothesk) - front-man and original member, largely responsible for the "APB sound"
* Geir Bratland - Keyboard
* Fredrik Brarud - Drums
* Audun Stengel (Angel) - Guitar
* Anders Odden - Guitar (rejoined the band late 2003 after having left it some years before to pursue his own musical projects)
* Jon Erik Martensen - former member 1989-90s & co-writer of some of Harmonizer
* Per Aksel Lundgreen - former member and live keyboardist 1991-1994 & co-writer of "Wrack'em To Pieces" and "Electronic Warfare". Also responsible for the bands booking and promotion from 1991-1994.

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Other websites
* Apoptygma Berzerk *Facebook*
* Apoptygma Berzerk *Twitter*
* Apoptygma Berzerk *Myspace*
* Apoptygma Berzerk *YouTube*
* Apoptygma Berzerk  *Apoptygma Berzerk Web*

## References
Sean Kingston

**Kisean Paul Anderson**
(born February 3, 1990) better known by his stage name **Sean Kingston**, is an American-Jamaican singer, songwriter, and rapper. He is best known for his number 1 single "Beautiful Girls", as well as "Fire Burning", "Take You There", and his collaboration with Justin Bieber: "Eenie Meenie". 

On May 29, 2011, Kingston was seriously injured along with a female passenger in a jet ski accident in Miami, Florida.

## Legal issues 
On May 23, 2024, Kingston's Miami mansion was raided by SWAT. Kingston and his mother were arrested. According to reports, the arrest warrant was issued on numerous instances of Fraud and theft. Kingston's arrest was without incident, which had taken place after a concert in Fort Irwin, California, and he was booked into jail in San Bernardino County, California pending extradition to Florida. Kingston waived his right to fight extradition in California and was sent to Broward County jail. A week later, Kingston was released from police custody after posting bail of $100,000.

On March 28, 2025, a jury convicted both Kingston and his mother on all charges. His sentencing is set for July 11, 2025.

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
* *Sean Kingston*
** Released: July 31, 2007
** Label: Epic/Beluga Heights
** Chart positions: 6 U.S.
** RIAA certification: Platinum

* *Tomorrow*
** Released: 2009

### Solo singles 
### Featured singles 
### Guest appearances 
## Awards/nominations 
* Image Awards
** 2008, Outstanding New Artist (Nominated)
* MOBO Awards
** 2007: Best Reggae Acts
* Teen Choice Awards
** 2007: Choice R&B Track "Beautiful Girls"
** 2007: Choice Summer Track "Beautiful Girls" (nominated)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
* Official UK website 
* DJBooth.net Interview 
* Exclusive Music Interview
Synth-pop

**Synth-pop** is a subgenre of pop music in which the synthesizer is the main musical instrument. An electronic music genre, synthpop is additionally influenced by rock genres such as New wave music and punk rock, as well as disco  music. It is most closely associated with the era between the late 1970s and early to middle 1980s, although it has continued to exist and develop ever since.

## Notable artists
* A-ha
* Alphaville
* Depeche Mode
* Erasure
* Gary Numan
* Heaven 17
* The Human League
* Information Society
* Kraftwerk
* New Order
* Pet Shop Boys
* Soft Cell
* Sparks
* Tears for Fears
* Thompson Twins
* Tubeway Army
* Visage
* VNV Nation
* Yazoo

## Related pages
* Indie pop
* Pop punk
* Electropop

## References
Blutengel

**Blutengel** () are a German futurepop musical group with a gothic appearance. Blutengel was formed in 1998 by singer Chris Pohl (also of the groups Terminal Choice, Tumor, and Miss Construction and the owner of the Fear Section label) after he had decided to give up the preceding project, Seelenkrank (which had released two albums), due to contractual problems. The lyrics are written primarily in German and English and are presented with male and female vocals.

## Discography 
### Albums 
* 1999: *Child of Glass(Album)|Child of Glass*
* 2001: *Seelenschmerz*
* 2002: *Angel Dust*
* 2004: *Demon Kiss*
* 2007: *Labyrinth*
* 2009: *Schwarzes Eis*
* 2011: *Tränenherz*
* 2013: *Monument*

Seelenschmerz, Angel Dust, Demon Kiss and Labyrinth come with a hard-box limited edition including a bonus CD and exclusive booklet, sticker and post cards.
Tränenherz also came as a limited edition boxset which included, "Tränenherz" Deluxe Edition Digi 2CD, "Signs of the zodiac" Bonus CD and a 100 pages photo book, 

### EPS 
* 2005: *The Oxidising Angel EP*
* 2009: *Soultaker*
* 2011: *Nachtbringer*

### DVDs 
* 2005: *Live Lines*
* 2008: *Moments Of Our Lives*
* 2012: *Tränenherz Live*

### Singles 
* 2001: *Bloody Pleasures*
* 2001: *Black Roses*
* 2002: *Vampire Romance*
* 2003: *Forever*
* 2004: *Mein Babylon* (Stendal Blast & Blutengel)
* 2004: *No Eternity*
* 2006: *My Saviour*
* 2007: *Lucifer (Purgatory)*
* 2007: *Lucifer (Blaze)*
* 2008: *Winter Of My Life* (Download Single)
* 2008: *Dancing In The Light (Forsaken)*
* 2008: *Dancing In The Light (Solitary)*
* 2010: *Promised Land*
* 2010: *Reich mir die Hand*
* 2011: *Über Den Horizont*
* 2012: *Save Our Souls*
* 2013: *You Walk Away*
* 2013: *Kinder dieser Stadt*

## Other websites
* Official Website
* Official Facebook
* Official YouTube
The Host (novel)

***The Host*** is a 2008 science-fiction/romance book by Stephenie Meyer. A movie based on the book is currently in development. 

## Story 
Melanie Stryder refuses to fade away. The earth has been invaded by a species that takes over the minds of their human hosts while leaving their bodies intact, and most of humanity has succumbed.

Wanderer, the invading ‘soul’ who has been given Melanie’s body, knew about the challenges of living inside a human: the overwhelming emotions, the too-vivid memories. But there was one difficulty Wanderer didn’t expect: the former tenant of her body refusing to relinquish possession of her mind.

Melanie fills Wanderer’s thoughts with visions of the man Melanie loves – Jared, a human who still lives in hiding. Unable to separate herself from her body’s desires, Wanderer yearns for a man she’s never met. As outside forces make Wanderer and Melanie unwilling allies, they set off to search for the man they both love.

## Characters 
The characters in the book include:
* Wanderer (Wanda) - An alien "soul" who is placed in the body of Melanie Stryder.
* Melanie Stryder - Wanderer's strong-minded host.
* Jared Howe - Melanie's true love.
* Ian O'Shea - A surviving human who falls in love with Wanderer.
* Jeb - Melanie's uncle, who owns the caverns that hide the human rebels. He is generally good-natured and relaxed, but is really a very perceptive man.
* Jamie - Melanie's younger brother who also develops a friendly relationship with Wanda.
* Kyle O'Shea - Ian O'Shea's brother who tries to murder Wanda several times during the novel
* Doc - the doctor who is among the rebel humans who is very compassionate and caring. His real name is Eustace
## References
Polly Adler

**Pearl "Polly" Adler** (April 16, 1900  July 11, 1962) was a Russian-born madam (owner-manager of a brothel) of Jewish descent. Adler was born in Ivanava (nowadays Belarus).

## Biography 
She opened her first bordello in 1920, under the protection of mobster Dutch Schultz and a friend of mobster Charles "Lucky" Luciano. One building she used was *The Majestic* at 215 West 75th Street, designed by architects Schwartz and Gross and completed in 1924 with hidden stairways and secret doorways. Her brothel there boasted such patrons as Robert Benchley, New York City mayor Jimmy Walker, and Dutch Schultz. 

*A House is Not a Home* was a 1953 book of Polly Adler's life that was ghosted (written anonymously) by Virginia Faulkner. The 1989 *Perry Mason* TV-movie *Musical Murder* revolved around a faux-musical based on Adler.

## References
Kitty Hawk

**Kitty Hawk** or **Kittyhawk** may refer to:

;Places
*Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
*Kitty Hawk, is an area of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
*Kitty Hawk Air Society, an Honor Society for the Air Force Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program

;Airlines
*Kitty Hawk Aircargo, an American cargo airline based in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas
*Kitty Hawk Airways, an American airline based at Dallas Love Field near Dallas in Dallas County, Texas

;Military
*USS Kitty Hawk, ships of the United States Navy
*Curtiss P-40 *Kitty Hawk*, a U.S. World War II fighter aircraft

;Computers
*IBM Kittyhawk, 2008 supercomputer designed by IBM to run entire Internet.
*HP Kittyhawk microdrive, hard disk drive made by Hewlett Packard
Futurepop

**Futurepop** is a type of electronic dance music which uses influences from the genre synthpop (like song structure and vocal style), uplifting trance (grandiose and arpeggiated synthesizer melodies), and EBM. The name was created by Ronan Harris (of VNV Nation) and Stephan Groth (of Apoptygma Berzerk) while trying to describe the style of music their bands produced.

## References
Galaga

***Galaga*** is a sci-fi arcade game released by Namco in 1981. It is the sequel to *Galaxian*. In this game, the player controls a spaceship and shoots enemies coming down in different directions.

The game was published by Chunsoft and developed by Namco.

## More Reading
*Sellers, John (2001). Arcade Fever: The Fan's Guide to the Golden Age of Video Games. Running Press, 160 pages. .

## Other websites
**Galaga* at the Killer List of Videogames
**Galaga* at the Arcade History database
Premier of New South Wales

The **Premier of New South Wales** is the leader of the New South Wales government. He or she is the most powerful politician in the Australian state of New South Wales.

The current Premier is Chris Minns from the Labor.

## List of Premiers of New South Wales
 Askin's given name was Robin but he changed it legally to Robert in 1971, prior to being knighted in 1972. Before then, he was generally known as Bob.
Chives

**Chives** are herbs which are related to the onion. Its leaves are used for flavoring.

## Gallery 

Image:Chives (1).jpg|Chives flowering
Image:Allium schoenoprasum(01).jpg|Clump of chives
Image:Chives flower.jpg|Close-up of a chive flower
Image:Chives small three-valved capsule with seeds.jpg|Capsules with seeds
Image:Chives.jpg|Close-up of a clump of chives
File:Blooming chive plant.jpg|Blooming Chive plant

## References
## Other websites 
* Nutritional Information 
* Mrs. Grieve's "A Modern Herbal" @ Botanical.com
* Chives, history, clutivation, container growing and a recipe
Excitebike

is a motocross racing video game made by Nintendo. It first appeared as a game for the Famicom in Japan in 1984 for a price of 5000 yen. It is the first game in the *Excite* series. The second game in the series is *Excitebike 64* and the third is *Excite Truck*.

In 2011, a re-release of *Excitebike* called *3D Classics: Excitebike* was released for the Nintendo 3DS. It is a 3D version of the original game.

## Other websites
*Excitebike at StrategyWiki
*
Morris Iemma

**Morris Iemma** (born 21 July 1961) was the 40th Premier of New South Wales from 3 August 2005 to 5 September 2008. He was from the Labor Party.

## References
Houbara bustard

The **houbara bustard** (*Chlamydotis undulata*), also known as the **African houbara**, is a large bird in the bustard family. It breeds in the Canary Islands, North Africa, Iran and western Pakistan.
Lukáčovce

**Lukáčovce** is a village and in the Nitra District in western central Slovakia.

## Population 
### Ethnic composition 
### Religion 
## References 
## Other websites
Rose-ringed parakeet

The **rose-ringed parakeet** (*Psittacula krameri*) also known as the **ring-necked parakeet**, is a tropical species of bird, with a wide range in Africa and  south Asia (the Indian subcontinent).

The rose-ringed parakeet is sexually dimorphic. The adult male has a red or black neck ring and the hen and immature birds of both sexes show little or no neck rings. Both sexes have a distinctive green colour. 

Rose-ringed parakeets measure on average  in length, including the tail feathers, a large portion of their total length. Their average single-wing length is about . In the wild, this is a noisy species with an unmistakable squawk. Captive birds can be taught to speak. It is herbivorous and not migratory.
Juniperus squamata

***Juniperus squamata*** (flaky juniper or Himalayan juniper) is a species of juniper native to the Himalaya and China, from northeastern Afghanistan and Pakistan east to Yunnan in southwestern China, and with disjunct populations north to western Gansu and east to Fujian. 

It grows at 1,600-4,900 m altitude.  It is the provincial tree of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (unofficial).
Tere Pyar Mein

***Tere Pyar Mein*** (, *In Your Love*) is a Pakistani movie which was released in December 2000. It launched the career of Zara Sheikh in Lollywood.
Electronic body music

**Electronic body music** (**EBM**, also known as **aggropop**) is a music genre that mixes together parts of industrial music and electronic dance music. It first became popular in Belgium.

## References
Hellraiser

***Hellraiser*** is a 1987 American horror movie exploring the themes of sadomasochism, pain as a source of pleasure, and morality under duress and fear. It is based on the novella *The Hellbound Heart* by Clive Barker, who also wrote the screenplay and directed the movie.

*Hellraiser* was number 19 on the cable channel Bravo's list of the *100 Scariest Movie Moments*.

This movie had a sequel, *Hellbound: Hellraiser II*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sesame

**Sesame** (*Sesamum indicum*) is a flowering plant in the genus *Sesamum*. It grows to a height of 5-6feet.

## References
VNV Nation

**VNV Nation** are an electronic music band originally from Wexford and London, now based in Hamburg, that combines elements of trance, synthpop and electronic body music (EBM), into what they call futurepop. Earlier works also include some electro-industrial influences. The members are Ronan Harris and Mark Jackson. 

## History
### Origin of their name
The "VNV" in the name stands for **Victory, not Vengeance**, in keeping with the group's motto, "*One should strive to achieve; not sit in bitter regret.*"

## Discography 
### Studio Albums
****Advance and Follow*** – (CD Album) 1995 - Energy Rekords
****Praise the Fallen*** – (CD Album) 1998 - Energy Rekords, Off Beat • (CD Album) 1999 - Wax Trax!, TVT Records • (CD Album) 2000 - Metropolis
****Empires*** – (CD Album) 1999 - Metropolis, Energy Rekords, Dependent Records • (CD Album) 2000 - Metropolis
****Futureperfect*** – (CD Album) 2002 - Dependent Records, Metropolis, Energy Rekords
****Matter + Form*** – (CD Album) 2005 - Anachron Sounds, Metropolis, SubSpace Communications
****Judgement*** – (CD Album) 2007 - Anachron Sounds, Metropolis, SubSpace Communications • (CD, Promo, Enhanced) 2007 - Anachron Sounds • (CD, Promo) 2007 - Anachron Sounds, SubSpace Communications

### Singles and EPs
****Body Pulse*** – (12") 1990 - no label
****Strength of Youth*** – (12") 1990 - no label
****Solitary EP*** – (CD EP) 1998 - Energy Rekord, Off Beat • (CD EP) 1999 - Dependent Records
****Darkangel*** – (CD Maxi) 1999 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 1999 - Metropolis
****Burning Empires/Standing*** – (2xCD, Ltd Edition [4700 copies]) 2000 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 2006 - Metropolis
****Advance and Follow (v2)*** – (CD Album, Remastered, Reissue) 2001 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 2006 - Metropolis
****Cold*** – (Rated 'R' Mix by Mig-29) – (MP3 File) 2001 - no label
****Standing*** – (CD Maxi) 2000 - Metropolis, Dependent Records
****Genesis (Radio Edition)*** (CD Maxi, Ltd. Edition, Promo) 2001 - Dependent Records
****Genesis.0*** – (CD Maxi, Promo) 2001 - Dependent Records
****Genesis.1*** – (CD Maxi) 2001 - Dependent Records, Metropolis
****Genesis.2*** – (CD Maxi) 2001 - Dependent Records, Metropolis
****Beloved*** – (CD Maxi, Promo) 2002 - Dependent Records
****Beloved (Hiver and Hammer Mixes)*** – (12") 2002 - 3 Lanka
****Beloved.1*** – (CD Maxi) 2002 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 2006 - Metropolis
****Beloved.2*** – (CD Maxi) 2002 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 2006 - Metropolis
****Honour 2003*** – (CD Maxi, Enhanced) 2003 - Anachron Sounds • (AAC File) 2003 - Metropolis
****Pastperfect*** – (2xDVD + CD-ROM Special Edition) 2004 - Anachron Sounds, Metropolis • (2xDVD) 2004 - Anachron Sounds
****Chrome/Matter + Form*** – (CD, Promo) 2005 - Anachron Sounds
****Chrome*** – (MP3 File) 2005 - Anachron Sounds, Metropolis, SubSpace Communications • (CDr, Promo) 2005 - SubSpace Communications

## References
The Birthday Massacre

**The Birthday Massacre** is a synth rock band based in Toronto, Canada. The band was officially formed in 1999, known at that time as **Imagica**, a name taken from a novel by Clive Barker called Imajica. In 2001 they changed their name to The Birthday Massacre. They have released 5 studio albums and they announced in January 2013 that they are working on a 6th album. In 2013 they did a tour with Emilie Autumn. In 2014 The Birthday Massacre will release their sixth album.

## Career
In 2002 The Birthday Massacre released their first album, *Nothing and Nowhere*. In 2005 *Violet* was released. *Walking with Strangers* was released in 2007. During the spring and summer of 2009, the band went on tour with bands I Am Ghost and Dommin in North America and Europe.

## Members 
* Chibi - Vocals (1999-present)
* Rainbow - Guitar and Programming (1999-present)
* Michael Falcore - Guitar (1999-present)
* Rhim - Drums (2003-Present)
* O-en - Keyboards (2004-present)
* Nate Manor – bass (2010-present)

### Former members 
* Dank - Keyboards (2000-2001)
* Aslan - Bass (2000-2007)
* Adm - Keyboards (2002-2004)
* Brett Carruthers (2004)
* O.E. - Drums (2001-2003), Bass (2007-2010)

## Discography 
### Demos 
* *Demo 1* (2000) (as Imagica)
* *Demo 2* (2001) (as Imagica)

### Albums 
* Nothing and Nowhere (2002)
* Violet (2004)
* Walking with Strangers (2007)
* Looking Glass EP (2008)
* Pins and Needles (2010)
* Hide and Seek (2012)

### DVD 
* *Blue* (2005)
* ""Live Bootleg DVD"" (2006)

## References
Clive Barker

**Clive Barker** (born 5 October 1952) is an English author, movie director and visual artist. He was born in Liverpool. He is openly gay.

## Novels

* (1985) *The Damnation Game*
* (1986) *The Hellbound Heart*
* (1987) *Weaveworld*
* (1988) *Cabal*
* (1989) *The Great and Secret Show* (first "Book of the Art")
* (1991) *Imajica*
* (1992) *The Thief of Always*
* (1994) *Everville* (second "Book of the Art")
* (1996) *Sacrament*
* (1998) *Galilee*
* (2001) *Coldheart Canyon: A Hollywood Ghost Story*
* (2001) *Tortured Souls (novelette)
* (2002) *Abarat* (first book of the Abarat Quintet)
* (2004) *Abarat: Days of Magic, Nights of War* (second book of the Abarat Quintet)
* (2007) *Mister B. Gone*
* (2008) *Absolute Midnight* (third book of the Abarat Quintet)
* (2008) *The Scarlet Gospels*

## Filmography
### Directed

* (1973) *Salome*
* (1978) *The Forbidden*
* (1987) *Hellraiser*
* (1990) *Nightbreed*
* (1995) *Lord of Illusions*
* (2009) *Tortured Souls: Animae Damnatae*

### Produced

* (1988) *Hellbound: Hellraiser II*
* (1992) *Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth*
* (1992) *Candyman*
* (2006) *The Plague*
* (2008) *The Midnight Meat Train*
* (2008) *Born* (pre-production)
* (2009) *Clive Barker Presents Hellraiser* (pre-production)

### Written

* (1986) *Rawhead Rex*
* (1987) *Transmutations*
* (2008) *Book of Blood* (post-production)
* (2008) *Born'' (pre-production)

## References
## Other websites
*
Pedaliaceae

**Pedaliaceae** (**pedalium family** or **sesame family**) is a flowering plant in the *Scrophulariales* family. Sesame, formally *Sesamum indicum*, is the source of sesame seeds.

## References
Saludos Amigos

***Saludos Amigos*** is a 1943 movie that takes place in Latin America, produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The sixth animated feature in the Disney animated features canon, it is made up of four different segments; Donald Duck stars in two of them and Goofy stars in one. It also features the first appearance of José Carioca. *Saludos Amigos* was popular enough for a sequel, *The Three Caballeros*, to be produced two years later. The movie premiered in Rio de Janeiro on August 24, 1942. It was released in the United States on February 6, 1943. It got mixed reviews and was only rereleased once, in 1949, when it was shown on a double bill with the first re-issued of *Dumbo*.

Its title in Spanish means, "Hello, Friends". This was the first Disney animated feature to be shown in South America before it was shown in the USA. At 42 minutes, this is the shortest Disney feature to date.

## Segments 
The movie features four different parts, or segments. Each of them begin with different clips of the Disney artists roaming the country drawing cartoons of some of the local cultures and scenery:

* In **Lake Titicaca**, American tourist Donald Duck visits the Lake Titicaca and meets with some of the local yokels, including a llama.

* **Pedro** involves the title character, a small airplane from Chile, in his very first flight to pick up air mail from Mendoza, with almost disastrous results.

* In **El Gaucho Goofy**, American cowboy Goofy gets taken mysteriously to the Uruguayan pampas to learn the ways of the native gaucho. This segment was later edited for the movie's video release, to get rid of one scene of Goofy smoking a cigarette.

* **Aquarela do Brasil** (or "Watercolor of Brazil"), the finale of the movie, involves a brand-new character, José Carioca, showing Donald Duck around South America and introducing him to the samba (to the tunes of "Brazil" and "Tico-Tico no Fubá").

## Cast 
* Lee Blair - Himself
* Mary Blair - Herself
* Pinto Colvig - Goofy
* Walt Disney - Himself
* Norman Ferguson - Himself
* Frank Graham - Himself
* Clarence Nash - Donald Duck
* José Oliveira - José Carioca
* Fred Shields - Narrator
* Frank Thomas - Himself

## Titles in other languages 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  (also known as ''*)
* 
* Japanese: ラテン・アメリカの旅 (Raten Amerika no Tabi, *Journey to the Latin America)*
* 
* 
* 
*  (also known as *'')

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*  (Dead link)
Nathan Kress

**Nathan Karl Kress** also **Nate Kress** (born November 18, 1992) is an American teen actor and voice actor.

## Biography
### Early life
Nathan Kress was born in Glendale, California and resides in Southern California. He acts on the hit Nickelodeon show *iCarly as Freddie Benson.*

### Career
When Kress was young, he would quote lines and monologues from television and perform for his family and friends. He began modeling, acting and voiceover work at 3 years old. At age 6, he took a break from acting, and at about age 10, asked his mom to begin homeschooling him so that he could pursue acting again. He voiced the role of Eizan Kaburagi from Nickelodeon's animated series, Shuriken School. He has also guest starred in The Suite Life of Zack and Cody as Jamie.  Kress has enjoyed playing dramatic roles in *House*, *Standoff*, and *Without a Trace*.

In early 2007, Nathan performed in a short film, *Bag*, for which he won a Jury Honorable Mention Award at the 168 Hour Film Festival for the role of Albert. *Bag* also won the Festival award for Best Comedy.

### iCarly
On *iCarly*, Nathan's role is that of Freddie Benson, the technical producer for Carly's webshow, iCarly. Freddie is a computer whiz kid who has a crush on Carly (Miranda Cosgrove) and an ongoing feud with Sam (Jennette McCurdy). "It's weird," says Kress, "I have to pretend to love Carly and kiss Sam when actually we are just all really good friends." He co-stars with Miranda Cosgrove, Jennette McCurdy, and Jerry Trainor on iCarly.

## Television and film roles
## References
## Other websites
* 
* Nathan Kress Profile 
* http://www.nathankressfansite.ning.com/  Fansite
Monster truck

monster truck racing in Arizona]]
A **monster truck** is a vehicle usually styled after a pickup truck. It is changed or purposely built with very big wheels and suspension. Monster trucks are used for competition and popular entertainment.

Usually, a monster truck show involves the truck crushing smaller cars under its huge tires.
Burt Ward

**Burt Ward** (born **Bert John Gervis, Jr.**, on July 6, 1945) is an American television actor. He is best known for his work as Robin, the "Boy Wonder," in the 1960s television series *Batman*. In 1992 he wrote a book called “Burt Ward: My life in tights.”

## References
Harlem Globetrotters

The **Harlem Globetrotters** are an exhibition basketball team that combines athleticism and comedy. They are a "barnstorming" team, which means they travel around the world playing basketball in many different places.  Sometimes they play college or pro teams, but usually they play a team called the Washington Generals.

They were founded in 1925 in Chicago.  Almost all their players are African-American, which was unusual at the time of their founding (at that time, most professional basketball players were white).  In the 1930s and 1940s, they were one of the best basketball teams in the country, along with the New York Rens, another African-American basketball team.  By the 1950s, a lot of black players started playing in the NBA, and the Globetrobbers became a clown team.  

The best-known Globetrotter is Meadowlark Lemon.  Wilt Chamberlain played for the Globetrotters for a while.  They were placed in the Basketball Hall of Fame as a team in 2001.