2024 United States presidential debates

The **2024 United States presidential debates** were a series of debates held during the upcoming 2024 U.S. presidential election. The first general election debate between two major party candidates was moderated by CNN and attended by then-presumptive Democratic nominee Joe Biden and then-presumptive (at that time) Republican nominee Donald Trump on June 27, 2024. After the first debate, Biden withdrew from the race in July because of his poor performance, and Vice President Kamala Harris replaced him by being selected as the Democratic presidential nominee, while Trump became the official Republican nominee in the same month. The second debate, which was moderated by ABC, was held on September 10, 2024.

Previously, there were four debates sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) scheduled between September 16 and October 9, 2024. Biden and Trump both objected and scheduled a debate by themselves.

After Biden withdrew from the race, Trump suggested that the September 10 debate should be held by Fox News. Trump also suggested about additional debates on September 4 on Fox News and September 25 on NBC, the Harris campaign has not yet announced whether she would participate in the two additional debates, instead of negotiating a presidential debate in October.

A vice presidential debate was held on October 1, 2024 on CBS News.

## List 
## Debates 
### First presidential debate 
The first presidential debate takes place on June 27, 2024, on Thursday, at 9:00 p.m. (U.S. Eastern Time) in Atlanta, Georgia. CNN held the debate.

The debate lasted 90 minutes. Trump spoke 4 minutes more than Biden (Trump spoke for 40 minutes and 12 seconds, Biden for 35 minutes and 41 seconds). There were 20 questions (not counting the conclusion). Jake Tapper and Dana Bash were the moderators. During the debate, Biden often stuttered, spoke unclearly or even misspoke, which considered as the main reason why Biden withdrew. Biden went off topic about 30% of the time during the debate, while Trump went off topic about 50% of the time. Both attacked each other during the debate.

#### Fast-checking 
Moderators were criticized for not fact-checking both during the debate, according to journalist Daniel Dale of CNN, Trump made about 30 false claims while Biden made about 9 false claims during the debate.

#### Viewership 
CNN reported that 47.9 million people watched the first debate, down more than 20 million from 73 million viewers in 2020. But it was later re-reported at 51.3 million.

 Broadcast networks  Cable news networks

#### Reactions 
Trump was seen as the winner by many news outlets, including The Hill, CNN, The New York Times, and The Guardian said neither Biden nor Trump won.

A CNN poll found that 67% of respondents said Trump won the debate, compared to 33% who said Biden won. Biden's performance was widely considered "a disaster" in the history of television and presidential debates by a sitting president. Biden was congratulated on his performance by his wife, First Lady Jill Biden, at a post-debate conference. She told him on the stage that he did “a fantastic job. He answered every question.” Biden’s running mate, Vice President Kamala Harris, said that although Biden “started slowly,” he managed to have a strong finish.

Several other Democrats have also called for unity and wished Biden well, adding that it is necessary to join hands to help Biden, such as California governor Gavin Newsom, two former Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton.

Internationally, things are not looking good either, as top officials often worry or ridicule Biden for his poor performance, many European countries are extremely concerned about the debate, while Russian state media mocked Biden's performance.

##### Calls for Biden to drop out 
Following the debate, many Democratic officials began calling for Biden to drop out. One day before Biden withdrew, 38 Democrats in the House of Representatives and Senate called on Biden to stop running, including four independents that caucus with the Democrats. U.S. representative Lloyd Doggett of Texas becomes the first to call on him to end his presidential campaign, a growing number of Democrats have since called on Biden to end his candidacy.

On July 21, 2024, Biden suspended his presidential campaign, endorsing Vice President Kamala Harris for president.

### Second presidential debate 
The second presidential debate takes place on September 10, 2024, on Tuesday, at 9:00pm (U.S. Eastern Time) at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ABC held the debate. There were many doubts about whether the second debate would take place. Trump tweeted on Truth Social on September 2 that he was “terminating” the debate on ABC and moving it to Fox News instead. Harris said she would still appear on ABC as agreed whether Trump showed up or not. On August 8, Trump announced that he would rejoin the ABC debate, but he made it conditional on Harris participating in other debates. On August 27, Trump withdrew his request and pledged to rejoin the ABC debate.

Harris and Trump both met ABC's criteria to participate in the debate.

This is also the first time the two candidates from the two major parties have shaken hands, something that has not happened in any debate since 2016. Before the debate began, there were false reports that Haitian immigrants in Springfield, Ohio, were stealing and eating cats and dogs. Trump raised the issue during the debate. His opponent, Harris, just laughed when she heard it.

During the debate, Harris often smirked, grinned or shook her head, looking at her opponent or the camera, when Trump answered or often showed annoyance and frowned. Trump also frequently refers to Harris as a Marxist and a communist, Trump also makes many false claims and disinformations, Harris and Trump often attack each other, Trump even compares Harris as "the worst vice president in US history" and Biden's "the worst president in US history".

Trump asked about the January 6 attack, whether he regretted it, to which he said no and changed the subject, criticizing then-House Speaker Nancy Pelosi for "not sending in the National Guard." Trump groused that Putin actually loves Harris: "Putin endorsed her last week. Said I hope she wins. And I think he meant it." Kremlin Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said later that "leave our president alone".

#### Fast-checking 
Moderators fast-checked both candidates during the debate, but were accused of fast-checking only Trump and leaving out Harris.

Both Harris and Trump made false claims, with Trump claiming that immigrants in Springfield, Ohio were eating pets, to which moderator David Muir responded that there were no credible reports of pets being harmed. Trump countered by claiming that he had seen TV interviews in which people said their dogs had been taken and eaten. Harris also falsely claimed that no members of the US military were actively serving in a war zone, with the US military's Central Command soon after issuing a statement saying that they had engaged in multiple Houthi targets in Yemen in the past 24 hours.

#### Viewership 
Nielsen Media Research reported that 67.1 million viewers across ABC and 16 other television networks watched the debate, up from 51.3 million who watched the June 27 presidential debate between Biden and Trump, but still lose more than 5 million viewers when compared to the first 2020 presidential debate.

#### Reactions 
Harris was seen as the winner by CNN, Politico, The New York Times, The Guardian, and MSNBC.

A CNN poll found that 63% of people believed Harris won the debate, while 37% thought Trump won. Trump's performance was widely seen as problematic, similar to Biden's.

One of Trump's statements, "They're eating the dogs ... they're eating the cats ... they're eating the pets," became an Internet meme, most notably on the short-form video sharing platform TikTok, along with Harris' expression. Trump's eating cat claims are considered his weakest point, while others find the claim unbelievable.

Despite being seen as the debate winner, Harris still struggles with public recognition and policy changes because she is still less known than Biden.

### Vice presidential debate 
The vice presidential debate was held on Tuesday, October 1, 2024, at 9:00 p.m. (U.S. Eastern Time) at the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City, New York. CBS News hosted the debate, with Margaret Brennan and Norah O'Donnell serving as moderators. after Harris selected Minnesota Governor Tim Walz as her running mate, Walz said he would love to debate Vance.

Both vice presidential candidates prepared before the debate.

The debate, broadcast by CBS News, lasted more than 90 minutes, with both candidates' microphones on while the other spoke, a precedent not seen in the 2024 presidential debates, although CBS said in a press release that it "reserves the right to mute candidates' microphones." Neither vice presidential candidate was allowed to ask questions of the other, only the moderator. At the end of the debate, Walz gave the first closing remarks, followed by Vance. CBS has said it will not fact-check, which will happen after the debate. Walz spoke more than Vance during the debate, Walz spoke for about 40 minutes and 42 seconds, while Vance spoke for 38 minutes and 59 seconds, according to CNN.

The two talked about climate change, the economy, immigration, abortion and even the carnivore allegations in Springfield, Ohio. As for the economy, Vance said Harris' economic agenda sounded pretty good, but implied that she "could do it as vice president if she wanted to, and he blamed her for many of the country's economic challenges, claiming that many voters trust Trump more on the economy."

#### Reactions 
Vance was declared the winner by The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and The Los Angeles Times. A columnist from MSNBC said Walz the winner of the debate. According to polls, the debate was considered a tie, with a CNN poll showing Vance narrowly winning over Walz, with 51% of people thinking Vance won while 49% thought Walz won.

## Other debates 
Many debates and forums were held, mostly moderated by the Free and Equal Elections Foundation.

## Notes 
## References