open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
I. M. Pei

**Ieoh Ming Pei**  (April 26, 1917 – May 16, 2019) was a Chinese American architect. Pei was an important name in his field, with his buildings built all over the world. When he was a child, he learned basic knowledge about architecture from his father.

## Career
Pei made innovations in architecture, and won the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Medal for Architecture. He built the Allied Bank Tower in Dallas, Texas, as well as the Louvre Pyramid, which is the main entrance to the Louvre Museum in Paris. In 1983, Pei won the Pritzker Prize.
 was designed by I.M. Pei]]

## Death
Pei died in the New York City borough of Manhattan on May 16, 2019. He was 102 years old.

## References
## Sources
"I. M. Pei." Notable Asian Americans. Ed. Helen Zia and Susan B. Gall. Detroit: Gale, 1995. Biography in Context. Web. May 29, 2015.
"I. M. Pei." Newsmakers. Detroit: Gale, 1990. Biography in Context. Web. May 29, 2015.
Cecil Rhodes

**Cecil Rhodes** (5 July 1853 - 26 March 1902) was an English-born South African businessman and politician. He was the son of an Anglican vicar. He came from an English grammar school and at the age of 16 was sent to the British colony of Natal in South Africa due to poor health. There he became involved in diamond mining and founded the world-renowned De Beers diamond company. 

He later returned to England briefly to study at Oriel College, Oxford. He was the starter of Rhodesia. He started the British South Africa Company.  He led it to expand British territory to the north and form the colony of Rhodesia.

When he was 27, he entered parliament, in 1881. He became Prime Minister of Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. He was supported by the Afrikaner Bond in the Cape Colony until he betrayed them by supporting a rebellion against their relatives, the Boers of the South African Republic. He set up the Jameson Raid, led  by his close friend Leander Starr Jameson in 1895.  The raid was an unauthorised attack on Paul Kruger's South African Republic (or Transvaal). After that the Bond forced him to resign.  His heart was weak, and after years of ill health he died in 1902. He was buried in what is now Zimbabwe; his grave has been a controversial site.  

He supported the Liberal Party and the Irish Parliamentary Party in domestic politics, in the UK. 

He started the Rhodes scholarships in his will. They let citizens of British colonies, the United States and Germany to study at Oxford on a scholarship if they demonstrated certain academic and character qualities. He was a Freemason. The scholarship has benefited prime ministers of Malta, Australia and Canada, United States President Bill Clinton, and many others.

When he was prime minister, Rhodes used his political power to take land from black Africans through the Glen Grey Act. To be able to vote, people needed to have a certain amount of money.  In  the Franchise and Ballot Act, he tripled that sum.  This  effectively barred black people from taking part in elections. 

Many scholars think that he was a white supremacist. In his last years he was pursued by the Princess Catherine Radziwill, a Polish adventuress.

With the strengthening of international movements against racism, such as Rhodes Must Fall and Black Lives Matter, Rhodes' legacy is a matter of debate to this day. Critics cite his confiscation of land from the black indigenous population of the Cape Colony, and false claims that southern African archeological sites such as Great Zimbabwe were built by European civilisations.

## References
Iwan Roberts

**Iwan Wyn Roberts** (born 26 June 1968 in Bangor, Wales) is a Welsh football player. He played for the Welsh national team and several English teams, including Norwich City F.C. and Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C..

At Norwich, Roberts twice won the *player of the year* trophy.

As a player, Roberts was a striker.
John von Neumann

**John von Neumann** (December 28. 1903 – February 8. 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician and physicist.

He contributed to many fields, including:

*Set theory
*Functional analysis
*Quantum mechanics
*Ergodic theory
*Continuous geometry
*Economics
*Game theory
*Computer science
*Numerical analysis
*Systems theory
*Statistics

He is generally regarded as a prodigy, polymath and one of the most important mathematicians of the 20th century.

He was a member of a group called the 'Martians'. They were Hungarian immigrants to the US of extraordinary intellect. Others people in this group were Edward Teller, Paul Erdős, Leó Szilárd and Eugene Wigner.

## Noteworthy work 
#His textbook on quantum mechanics is one of the first on this topic.
#His game theory is considered one of the most important tools in competitive strategic management and is also of high importance in biosciences.
#He is the designer of the Von-Neumann architecture, which is basic to nearly all computers today.
#He was one of the first proponents of artificial intelligence. He proposed the idea of self replicating machines. This is why a machine that can replicate itself is now commonly referred to as a 'Von Neumann machine'.
#With Stanislav Ulam, he did some of the most important calculations in the Manhattan project.
#He worked at the Institute of Advanced Studies the same time as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and Robert Oppenheimer
#Well known by computer scientists
#Principles are included in every modern computer, tablet or phone.

## References
Ballpoint pen

A **ballpoint pen** or **biro** (pronounced "BY-roe", named after its inventor László Bíró), is a modern kind of pen for writing. It uses oil-based ink of high viscosity. The ink is inside a long, thin tube inside the pen. When a person writes with it, the ink comes onto the small, ball-shaped tip of the unit. The ink dries almost as soon as it is on the paper. 

Ballpoint pens may be cheap or expensive:
# **Disposable pens** (ones that can be thrown away) are extremely cheap. They are made almost entirely of plastic. They can be thrown away once the ink is used up.
#**Refillable pens** are often of better quality and cost more. The thin tube which has the ink and ball-shaped tip is called a "refill" and can be replaced more cheaply than the pen.

Before the ballpoint pen was invented people usually wrote with pens which were dipped into ink, or fountain pens which were filled with ink. When the ballpoint pen was invented, many people thought they were inferior to use because the user's handwriting was not as good. Children in school continued to use the old dip pens. However, ballpoint pens are cheaper and simpler to use than pens that need to be dipped in ink.

The ink in a ballpoint is different from the ink used in a dip or fountain pen. It is a paste. It has 25 to 40 per cent dye suspended in an oil-based solvent. The most common oils are benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol, which mix with the dyes to create a smooth paste that dries quickly. Common dyes in blue (and black) ink are Prussian blue, Victoria blue, methyl violet, crystal violet and phthalocyanine blue. The dye eosin is commonly used for red ink. 

Biros have the advantage of being very cheap, and easily portable. As a gel or paste, the dye does not run and is stable. For the same reason, the dye needs harder pressure to write than a fountain pen does, sometimes very hard pressure. This is not true of **rollerball** pens, which are ballpoints that use water-based ink of low viscosity. And it is not true of pencils.

*The inventor László Bíró registered his invention of the ballpoint pen in 1938.
*Galileo was working on a draft for an invention similar to the ballpoint pen in the early 1600s.
*Société Bic is the biggest manufacturer of ballpoint pens, having sold more than 100,000,000,000 of them.

## References
Spratly Islands

The **Spratly Islands**  are 100 small uninhabited islands in the South China Sea. Fish are an abundant resource around the islands. The countries of Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam have a commercial interest in them. These countries share control of the islands but have varying claims of territory.

The islands are named after the British whaling captain Richard Spratly who saw Spratly Island in 1843.

The islands have less than 2 km2 (490 acres) of land area. This is  spread over an area of more than .The biggest island is Taiping Dao. The island is also known as It Aba. It is about  long and about  wide at its widest point.

## References
Grease (musical)

***Grease*** is a 1971 musical by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. It takes its name from the 1950s United States working-class culture known as the greasers. It is set in 1959 in a made-up school called Rydell High in Chicago and is about the romance between high schoolers Danny Zuko and Sandy Dumbrowski.

## Premieres
*Grease* had its world premiere in Chicago in 1971. Its Broadway premiere occurred at the Broadhurst Theatre on 7 June 1972. It closed on 13 April 1980 after a run of 3,388 performances. It opened on the West End in 1973.
Gili Trawangan

.]]
**Gili Trawangan** is the largest of Lombok's Gili Islands. It is the only one to rise notably above sea level. It is  long and  wide. The island has a population of about 1000 people. Of the Gilis, Trawangan has the most tourist facilities. The pub Tîr na Nôg says that Trawangan is the smallest island in the world with an Irish pub. The most crowded part of Trawangan is on the eastern side.

On Gili Trawangan (as well as the other two Gilis), there are no motorized vehicles. The main means of transportation are bicycles (rented by the people who live on the island to tourists) and cidomo (a small horse pulled carriage). For traveling to and from each of the Gilis, motorized boats and speedboats are used.

Some of the first people to live on Gili Trawangan were from Sulawesi. They were fishermen and farmers. Before they came to Gili Trawangan, the island was covered in forest and deer lived there.

The economy of Gili Trawangan centres on tourism. The island is too small to support large amounts of agriculture. It is also too far away from other places to be useful for either industry or commerce. 

## Related pages
* Gili Meno
* Gili Air
Gili Air

**Gili Air** is one of three islands off the north coast of Lombok, known collectively as the Gili Islands. Gili Air means ‘Small Island with Water’ in the local Sasak language, as it is the only one of the Gili Islands that naturally has underground fresh water.  

Gili Air was first settled by nomadic fishermen from Sulawesi. For a brief period during the Second World War, Japanese forces occupied the island. Relics from this period include the wreck of a patrol boat submerged in the bay to the south of Gili Air. In the 1980's, the island’s economy began to shift from traditional fishing and coconut plantations to tourism. The island now has a range of shops, restaurants and resorts that cater to visitors. 

As motorized traffic is prohibited on Gili Air, the preferred methods of transportation are by foot, bicycle, or horse-drawn carriages known as Cidomos. Scuba diving is a popular activity on the island due to the abundance of marine life and coral formations. Turtles come to the east coast of the island to feed on seagrass and can frequently be seen near to the shore.  

Both Bali and Lombok are easily visible from Gili Air in clear weather. Mount Rinjani is close by on neighbouring Lombok, and dominates views towards the east. 
## Getting to Gili Air 
Most people travel to Gili Air from Bali by taking boats from the ports of Pandangbai, Sanur, or Amed. Travellers can also fly to Lombok, then take a taxi to the harbour at Bangsal where public boats depart several times a day to Gili Air.    

## Related pages
* Gili Meno
* Gili Trawangan

## Other websites 
* Map of Gili Air
Gili Meno

is in the distance.]]
 as seen from an island hopper boat just after leaving Gili Trawangan.]]
**Gili Meno** is an island in Indonesia. It is the middle of Lombok's three Gilis. It has population of about 300, mainly concentrated  on the center of the island. The main income of the population comes from tourism, coconut plantation, and fishing. On the west side of the island there is a small shallow lake that produces salt in the dry season. Until a few years ago there was also a small production of seaweed on the reef at the north end of the island. It has good beaches for swimming and is the quietest of the Gili islands. 

## Related pages
* Gili Air
* Gili Trawangan
Padangbai

on the way to the beach.]]
**Padangbai** is a small town in eastern Bali, Indonesia. It serves as a ferry port for travel to Lombok, The Gilis and other of the Lesser Sunda Islands. It is also a lovely beach town that is popular with those who prefer a small town atmosphere over the large scale beach party that is Kuta.

Besides the beach near the ferry terminal there is a beach just to the north known locally as the *Blue Lagoon* and the especially nice *Secret Beach* just to the south of town. These pleasant beaches have clusters of small family owned warungs that will be glad to prepare a meal and serve beer.

Image:Padangbai White Sand Beach 2.jpg|The white sand beach near Padangbai from the north
Image:Padangbai White Sand Beach 1.jpg|The white sand beach from the south
Image:Padangbai White Sand Beach 3.jpg|The white sand beach from the Lombok Strait
Image:Padangbai Secret Beach 1.jpg|On the white sand beach
Houten

**Houten** is a municipality in Utrecht province in the Netherlands. The population of the town in 2007 was about 45,000.

Houten lies on the railway line from Utrecht to Tiel and 's Hertogenbosch. In 2004, the railway line needed fixing, but the old station building was in the way. What was done is pretty unique: the old station building was lifted off its foundations, and moved a few hundred metres to new foundations.

Many people living in Houten have jobs in Utrecht. According to plans of the government, the city should grow to about 50.000 people by 2010.

People have lived in the area since Roman times.

## Other websites
*Official website
Ogoh-ogoh

, 2008]]
, 2008]]

An **Ogoh-ogoh**, a papier-mâché and wood puppet built on Bali for the New Year Holiday Nyepi. They are primarily constructed by young Balinese men and frequently depict caricatures of the many tourists. On the evening before Nyepi they are paraded about and then burnt. Nyepi is known as the day of silence.
Ian Rush

**Ian Rush** (born 20 October 1961) is a former Welsh international football player, who notably played for Liverpool and Juventus.

He was a very successful striker, who set many  records for Liverpool in particular.

When he retired from playing, he returned to his first club and managed Chester City before going on to work on television.

## Career statistics
## Honours
:Source:

**Liverpool**
* Football League First Division: 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1989–90
* FA Cup: 1985–86, 1988–89, 1991–92
* League Cup: 1980–81, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1994–95
* Football League Super Cup: 1985–86
* FA Charity Shield: 1982, 1986 (shared), 1989, 1990 (shared)
* European Cup: 1980–81, 1983–84

**Individual**
* PFA Young Player of the Year: 1983
* PFA Players' Player of the Year: 1984
* FWA Footballer of the Year: 1984
* BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year: 1984
* PFA First Division Team of the Year: 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1991
* PFA Team of the Century (1977-1996): 2007
* European Golden Boot: 1984
* First Division Golden Boot: 1984
* Liverpool Top Goalscorer: 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1990–91, 1992–93, 1993–94
* FAI International Football Awards – International Personality: 2010
## References
Tokugawa shogunate

.]]

The **Tokugawa shogunate**, also known as the , and the , was a feudal Japanese military government.  The heads of government were the shoguns. Each was a member of the Tokugawa family.

These years are known as the Edo period. The period takes its name from the city where the Tokugawa shoguns lived.  This time is also called the Tokugawa period

## History
Before the Tokugawa shogun was the sengoku era. During this time, many people controlled small land areas. Oda Nobunaga began to join these small areas. After he died in 1582, Toyotomi Hideyoshi took over for him. Hideyoshi died in 1598.

The Tokugawa ruled in peace until the middle of the 1800s.

## Structure
The Tokugawa government is sometimes known as the bakuhan system because it had two parts. The first part was the bakufu, the shogun's government. The second part was the hans. Hans were small areas of land led by daimyo leaders. The shogun did not control minor events in hans.

## List of the Tokugawa shoguns
# Tokugawa Ieyasu, r. 1603–1605
# Tokugawa Hidetada, r. 1605–1623
# Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, r. 1680–1709
# Tokugawa Ienobu, r. 1709–1712

## Related pages
* Kamakura shogunate
* Ashikaga shogunate
* Meiji Restoration

## References
 symbol of the Tokugawa family.]]

## Other websites 
* Political system of the Tokugawa Shogunate 
* SengokuDaimyo.com website of Anthony J. Bryant on Japan
* Japan
Tokugawa Ieyasu

was a Japanese shogun of the Edo period. His rule started in 1603 and ended in 1605. He is one of the most famous military commanders in Japan.

## Early life
At birth, his name was Matsudaira Takechiyo.  A few months later, he changed his first name to the one by which he is known today.  The first syllable -- * Ie-* -- comes from the last part of the name of Minamoto Yoshile, who was a famous ancestor.  He received permission from the emperor to change his family name from Matsudaira to Tokugawa.

## Shogun
Ieyasu was the first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.

## References
 symbol of the Tokugawa family.]]

## Other websites
* "Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616)" at BBC History
Revival

**Revival** could mean:

* Revival (play) of a former hit play in a new production
* Revival (television) of a former television series
* Language revival of an extinct language
* Revivalism of religious fervor or fervent traditions
* Revival meeting, a Christian gathering
* Revival (sports team) of a defunct team
* Revival Centres International, a church group

;Music
* *Revival* (Eminem album)
* *Revival* (Reid Paley album), an album by Reid Paley
* *Revival* (Gillian Welch album)
* *Revival* (John Fogerty album)
* *Revival* (Reverend Horton Heat album)
* *Revival* (Petra album), released in 2001
* *Revival* (Jully Black album)
* *Revival*, a song by The Allman Brothers Band
* Revival Records, a record label

;Architectural movements
* Colonial Revival architecture
* Egyptian Revival architecture
* Gothic Revival architecture
* Greek Revival architecture
* Mediterranean Revival Style architecture
* Romanesque Revival architecture
* Mission Revival Style architecture

;Others
* Aytayra *(Revival)*, a political party in Abkhazia
* The Revival (UK magazine), a magazine for British Muslims
Liberal Democrats (UK)

was elected as leader of the party in August 2020 after having served as acting leader since December 2019. ]]
 lead the party from 22 July 2019 to 13 December 2019.]]
 lead the party from 20 July 2017 to 22 July 2019.]]
 was the Leader of the Liberal Democrats and was also the Deputy Prime Minister from  11 May 2010 – 8 May 2015.]]
The **Liberal Democrats**, often shortened to **Lib Dems**, is a liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was founded in 1988 from a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party. It was the third-largest party in the House of Commons from 1992 to 2015 before it was surpassed by the Scottish National Party and it has been again since 2024. The party was in a coalition government with the Conservative Party from 2010 to 2015. It has been led by Ed Davey since 2020. 

The Liberal Democrats are strong supporters of the European Union, as well as environmentalism and they are in favour of creating a new British House of Commons which is elected using proportional representation. They also disagree with Britain being a part of conflicts like the Iraq War. The party also promotes social liberalism and has long supported LGBTQ+ rights. 

The party has 72 out of 650 seats in the House of Commons, 84 out of 783 seats in the House of Lords, 16 out of 73 British seats in the European Parliament, 5 out of 129 seats in the Scottish Parliament and 1 out of 60 seats in the Welsh Assembly.

In elections, the party usually gets the most votes in places like northern Scotland, south-west London, south-west England and mid-Wales. Members of the party are mostly more middle-class people who went to university.

## Policies
**Most** Liberal Democrats believe in the following things:
* The House of Commons should be elected using proportional representation.
* There should be elections held for the House of Lords.
* There should be more forms of renewable energy as well as cuts to greenhouse gas emissions.

## Former party leaders
* Paddy Ashdown (July 1988 – August 1999)
* Charles Kennedy (August 1999 – January 2006)
* Menzies Campbell (January 2006 – October 2007)
* *Vince Cable (October 2007 – December 2007)* *
* Nick Clegg (December 2007 – May 2015)
* Tim Farron (July 2015 – June 2017)
* Vince Cable (July 2017 – July 2019)
* Jo Swinson (July 2019 – December 2019)

Asterisk (*) means that this person was an interim leader, meaning he was just standing in as leader because the previous leader resigned.

## Notes
## References 
## Other websites 
* Liberal Democrats' official website
* Scottish Liberal Democrats 
* Welsh Liberal Democrats
* London Assembly Liberal Democrats 
* Liberal Democrat History Group
* An archive of Liberal/SDP/Liberal Democrat electoral manifestos from 1900–present
* Guardian Unlimited Politics: Liberal Democrats
* Lib Dem Blogs, an aggregator of Liberal Democrat blogs
* Humanist and Secularist Liberal Democrats  / HSLD's page on the party's official website
Billy Graham Center

The **Billy Graham Center** was founded and opened in 1981 on the campus of Wheaton College. Named after Billy Graham, the center is the main place for many of Wheaton College's bible and theology classes. There are eleven areas of work focused on "Stimulating Global Evangelism" with 25-40 staff, carrying out the work.

## Other websites 
*Official *Billy Graham Center* website
Auditorium

An **auditorium** (plural ***auditoriums***, or less commonly ***auditoria***) is the room in a theatre, cinema, concert hall, or other place where the audience is located to hear or  the show. Auditoriums are made with great sound. The sound is easily heard by everyone in the auditorium.
Bob Jones, Sr.

**Bob Jones, Sr** (October 30, 1883—January 16, 1968)  was an American, Christian, Fundamentalist, evangelist, broadcaster, and founder of Bob Jones University. He was born the eleventh of twelve children to *William* and *Georgia Jones*.

In 1905, Jones married Bernice Sheffield, who got tuberculosis and died within ten months of their marriage. On June 17, 1908, he married Mary Gaston Stollenwerck, whom he had met as a choir member. Their only child, Bob Jones, Jr. was born October 19, 1911 in Montgomery.

## Other websites 
*Biography from the BJU website
Revival meeting

A **Revival meeting** is an event organised by Christian missionaries. The purpose of the meeting is to  people to convert to Christianity or to raise funds for the church. The name means to bring *revival* (meaning to *reawaken*) to a group or area. It is most common in American Protestant churches.

## References
Pulpit

A **pulpit** (from Latin *pulpitum* "scaffold", "platform", "stage") is a small lifted platform where a member of the clergy stands to read a Gospel lesson, or give a sermon. In some Protestant churches, the *pulpit* is thought to be the most important piece of furniture in the sanctuary.
Death Note

is a supernatural thriller fantasy manga written by Tsugumi Ōba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. The work was adapted into an anime series directed by Tetsurō Araki. It is about a Japanese teenage high school student boy named Light Yagami, who finds a supernatural notebook. The notebook, dropped on earth by a bored shinigami named Ryuk, is called a "Death Note". When a person's name is written in the notebook, that person dies. If the cause of death is not specified, they die of a heart attack. Light, aiming to create a crime-free utopia, uses the notebook to kill criminals, anonymously gaining world fame as "Kira" ("キラ" in Japanese - based on the English word "") - some people see him as justice, while others see him as a murderer.

The best detective in the world, an eccentric genius named "L", works with the Japanese police, as well as Light's own father, to find out Kira's identity and catch him. He suspects all along that it's Light, who, as a part of the police department, works alongside L in the investigation. It becomes a contest of wit and intelligence between L and Light, both of whom are very clever. At one point, Light temporarily gives up the Death Note, along his memories of it, as an ally continue writing the names of criminals. This "proves" to the police that he is not Kira. However, he later gets the Death Note back and kills L with it.

After L dies, his successors, two orphans named "Mello" and "Near", take over the Kira investigation. Near is a child prodigy who clearly mirrors L, and Mello is an impulsive, antisocial teen obsessed with one-upping Near. Mello refuses to work with Near and leaves the orphanage, joining the American Mafia; Near forms a task force to catch Kira.  In the end, Near proves that Light is Kira, leading to Light's death.

Besides the manga and anime, Death Note was also made into a light novel, various video games, two animated films, a live-action television drama, a musical, and several live-action films.

## References
## Other websites 
**Death Note* official website  
*Shueisha's *Death Note* manga official website  
*Official anime website 
*Madman Entertainment's *Death Note* website
Level crossing

A **level crossing** (also called a **grade crossing**, a **railway crossing**, or a **railroad crossing**)  is a place where a railway line and a road meet each other on the same level. This means that the grades (the road and the track) are not separated by using a bridge or a tunnel. Usually, there are signs indicating the crossing. There may also be barriers/gates that go down before a train passes. 

Depending on how much traffic there is, there are different measures to make the crossing more secure:
* Signs or panels, indicating the crossing
* Blinking or steady lights
* Sounds (usually a warning bell)
* Gates/barriers that are lowered before a train passes

Since level crossings are dangerous (there are many accidents), they are usually reworked into grade separated crossings when there is more traffic, or high speed trains.

## Images 

File:Bahnuebergang ungesichert Taunusbahn.jpg|Unsecured crossing indicated by a sign. This local railway line is in rural Germany, in the Taunus mountains.
File:Mini-CIMG1537.JPG|Level crossing with blinking lights
File:Bahnuebergang LZA unbeschrankt.jpg|Level crossing with steady lights
File:Bahnuebergang beschrankt BLA N-Bahn.jpg|Lights, and gates/barriers
File:ÖBB2091 heidenreichstein 1.jpg|Sometimes there are people for traffic control.
File:Level crossing P1210798.jpg|Level crossing with half-barriers, flashing lights, and a bell
File:St bees station double-head goods DRS 2009.JPG|A full barrier level crossing in St Bees, Cumbria, that is controlled by the adjacent signal box

## Related pages
*Billups Neon Crossing Signal
WWE Judgment Day

**Judgment Day** was a series of professional wrestling pay-per-view events made World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 1998 to 2009. It was replaced by Over the Limit in 2010. In 2022, a stable of the same name formed in WWE.

## Dates and venues
## References
## Other websites
*Official Website
Tencent QQ

Tencent QQ also known as **QQ**, is a popular instant messaging software in mainland China. It was created by Tencent Inc. in 1999. 

Source codes for the software were taken from AOL/ICQ. 

QQ source Codes:

`#ifdef __QQ_SUPPORT__`

`#include "IM_QQ_prot.h"`

`#endif  //__QQ_SUPPORT__`

## Languages 
Tencent QQ is a multilingual web page, offering languages such as: English, French, Japanese, Spanish, German & Korean.
For users who do not speak Chinese, translations are also available in 50 different languages.

## Facts 
* Tencent has become the prime Internet Establishment in China and has been named by Markey Cap the world’s 4th major web page, right after Google, Amazon & facebook. 

* Facebook happens to be the largest social network online, buy QQ comes in 2nd in the world. 

* As of May 2012 QQ has received 750+ million active users on the website. 

* QQ.com has the largest pageviews and userviews in China, and is the No.1 portal.

## References
* http://www.imqq.com/about.html
Macaulay Culkin

**Macaulay Macaulay Culkin Culkin** (born **Macaulay Carson Culkin**; ) is an American actor, voice actor and musician. He is perhaps most notable and best notable for his prominent kiddie roles in the first two *Home Alone* movies as Kevin McCallister. These blockbuster movies still continue to be very popular with many American audiences to this day onwards much to a cult following. His parents are Patricia Brentrup and Christopher 'Kit' Culkin.

## Acting career
Culkin began acting ever since at the age of 4 when he then became famous and well known around the world in 1990 as a Hollywood child star when *Home Alone* was released. In the movie, Culkin played the main character, Kevin McCallister. He reprised the role of Kevin in the second film. He was then nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor on Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. Culkin mysteriously dropped out of acting at the age of 14, but later returned at the age of 23 for in a couple of movies as a recurring adult actor.

### Pizza Underground
In 2012, Culkin had founded and started up an anti-folk band called The Pizza Underground. This musical band plays songs which are related to about pizza.

## Personal life
### Relationships
In 1998, Culkin married Rachel Miner. In 2000, Culkin and Miner divorced because Culkin had decided and wanted to go back acting again as a new recurring adult actor.
Culkin has then dated actress Mila Kunis from May 2002 to 2011. Culkin also dated Jordana Lane Price.

In 2017, Culkin began a relationship with singer and actress Brenda Song. They have a son together named Dakota Song Culkin, born in 2021.

### Friendship with Michael Jackson
At around the same time that *Home Alone* was released, Culkin also became very good friends with the late Hollywood singer and King of Pop Michael Jackson. He has also acted in Jackson's 1991 "Black or White" music video. In 2005, Culkin testified and had said at Jackson's trial for charges of child molestation that he had once slept in Jackson's bedroom but was never molested or touched in improper ways. Culkin also attended Jackson's burial and death memorial which was then held on October 6, 2012. He is also the godfather of Jackson's 2 older children with Debbie Rowe, Prince and Paris Jackson.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*
Ottobrunn

**Ottobrunn** is a municipality in the Munich Rural District. It was started in 1955. The German headquarters of the EADS are there.

## References
## Other websites
Aying

**Aying** is a municipality  in the Munich Rural District in Bavaria, Germany. The Ayinger Brewery is there.

## References
## Other websites
Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn

**Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn** (Central Bavarian: *Hähakircha-Siegertsbrunn*) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. It is south of Munich. It is the municipality with the longest name in Germany.

## References
## Other websites
Ja'far

'''Ja'far** may mean:

In **fictional characters'''
*Jafar (Disney), a character in Disney's movie *Aladdin*
*Jaffar (Fire Emblem), a character Fire Emblem video game series
*Jaffar, the evil Grand Vizier in the Prince of Persia video game series

In **historical persons**
*Ja'far ibn Abu Talib (died 629), cousin and companion of Muhammad
*Ja'far al-Sadiq (702-765), sixth Shi'i Imam
*Ja'far ibn Yahya (767 - 803), the vizier of Caliph Harun al-Rashid
*Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (787-886), Persian scholar
*Khawlah bint Ja'far

In **people**
*Mir Jafar, second son of Sayyid Ahmad Najaf and the key conspirator  against Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah in the Battle of Plassey, Puppet Nawab of Bengal (1757-1760; 1763-1765).
*Jafar Khan (died 1789), shah of Persia (1785-1789)
*Jafar al-Askari (1887–1936), prime minister of Iraq
*Onn Jaafar (1895-1962), Malay politician
*Jafar Sharif-Emami ((1910-1998)), Prime minister of Iran
*Jafar Pishevari (died 1947), Azerbaijani politician
*Jafar Zafarani (born 1947), Iranian mathematician
*Jafar Panahi (born 1960), Iranian filmmaker

## Related pages 
*Gaafar Nimeiry (born 1930), President of Sudan (1971-1985)
Habitation at Port-Royal

The **Habitation at Port-Royal** was an early French colonial settlement. Today it is a National Historic Site in Port Royal in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

## The settlement
Port Royal was founded by the French explorer Champlain after half of his men had died of Scurvy in his first settlement. Champlain worked with the Algonquain tribe to found Port Royal and, in return, fought with them and the Hurons against the Iroquoians. 

In May, 1613 the Jesuits moved on to the Penobscot River valley and in July, the settlement was attacked by Samuel Argall of Virginia.  Argall returned in November that same year and burned the Habitation down while the settlers were away nearby.  Poutrincourt returned from France in spring 1614 and found *Port-Royal* in ruins. The settlers were living with the Mi'kmaq.  Poutrincourt then gave his holdings to his son and returned to France.  Poutrincourt's son gave the settlement to Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour upon his own death in 1623.

## Replica construction
A replica of the settlement was built in 1939-1940.  Today, this replica serves as the cornerstone of Port-Royal National Historic Site of Canada, and together with the nearby Fort Anne National Historic Site of Canada in Annapolis Royal, continues to remind of this important historic region for Canadians and visitors.

Image:Port-Royal_Nova-Scotia_1.jpg|Entrance
Image:Port-Royal_Nova-Scotia_2.jpg|Blason
Image:Port-Royal_Nova-Scotia_3.jpg|Courtyard
Image:Port-Royal_Nova-Scotia_4.jpg|Outside view

## Other websites
* Censuses of Canada - 1665 to 1871 - Early French Settlements 
* Port-Royal National Historic Site of Canada 
* Acadian Ancestral Home - repository of Acadian history and genealogy
* Saint Croix Island International Historic Site
* An Essay on Port Royal
Wang Xiaobo

**Wang Xiaobo** (; pinyin: Wáng Xiǎobō; May 13, 1952 – April 11, 1997) was a famous writer in mainland China. His most famous book is called *Golden Time*. It was published in 1994.

Wang was born in Beijing, China. In 1972, he became a teacher in the Shandong province. In 1978, he started studying at the Renmin University of China.

## Related pages
*List of Chinese writers

## References
Mi'kmaq

The '''Mi'kmaq** (; (also spelled **Míkmaq**, **Mi'gmaq**, **Mi'qmac**, or formerly **Micmac''') are a First Nations or Native American in the United States people, indigenous to northeastern New England, Canada's Atlantic Provinces, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. They are part of the Northeastern Woodlands. The word **Míkmaw** is an adjectival form of the plural noun for the people, *Míkmaq*.

The nation has a population of about 40,000 of whom approximately one-third still speak the Algonquian language L'nuí'simk which was once written in Míkmaq hieroglyphic writing and is now written using most letters of the standard Latin alphabet.

In the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, October is celebrated as Mi'kmaq History Month and the entire Nation celebrates Treaty Day annually on October 1.

## Mi'kmaq First Nation subdivisions 
Mi'kmaq names in the table have all been spelled according to a several orthographies. The Mi'kmaq orthographies in use are Mí'kmaq hieroglyphs, the orthography of Silas Tertius Rand, the Pacifique orthography, and the most recent Smith-Francis orthography, which has been adopted by most of the Mi'kmaq First Nation.

## Demographics 
## References 
* Rita Joe, Lesley Choyce. 2005. ''The Mi'kmaq Anthology'', Nimbus Publishing (CN), 2005, ISBN

### Documentary film 
* Our Lives in Our Hands (Mi'kmaq basketmakers and potato diggers in northern Maine, 1986) http://www.folkstreams.net/film,94 

## Other websites 
* First Nations Profiles 
* Micmac History
* Mi'kmaq Portraits Collection 
* Mi'kmaq Dictionary Online
* The Micmac of Megumaagee
* Mi'kmaq Learning Resource
Coweta, Oklahoma

**Coweta** is a city in Wagoner County, Oklahoma and is a suburb of Tulsa. The population was 9,654 at the 2020 census.

## History
Before statehood, when the Five Tribes or Five Civilized Tribes were moved to Oklahoma from the Eastern United States, the area that is now Coweta became part of the Creek Nation. Coweta was named after a Creek Indian war town on the Chattahoochee River in southwestern Georgia and was first settled by American Indians about 1840. In 1843 Robert Loughridge arrived in the area and established a mission, named "Koweta".
  
In 1867 after the Civil War, the Creek Indians adopted a constitution which divided there nation into six districts.  Everything northeast of the Arkansas River, including Tulsa, became the Coweta district.  The political center of this district was in a log courthouse on Coweta Creek, about a one-fourth of a mile west from the modern day center of the downtown Coweta. The Post Office was established on May 24, 1897, and was named after the Koweta Mission.

Many notable events occurred in 1903. Along with the arrival of the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, Coweta’s first newspaper, *The Courier*, was started, the first school was built, and a telephone line was put in.

## Geography
Coweta is at  (35.963155, -95.661586).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.7&nbsp;square miles (27.6&nbsp;km²), of which, 10.5&nbsp;square miles (27.3&nbsp;km²) of it is land and 0.1&nbsp;square miles (0.3&nbsp;km²) of it (1.1%) is water.

## Historical sites
Coweta is home to two sites on the National Register of Historic Places list. The first is the Koweta Mission Site. The mission was added to the NRHP in 1973, today only a cemetery remains. The second historical site in Coweta is the First Presbyterian Church of Coweta, commonly known as the Mission Bell Museum. The Mission Bell Museum was added to the NRHP in 2003 and is owned and operated by the city of Coweta.

## References
## Other websites
*History of Coweta 
*City of Coweta 
*Coweta Public Schools
Unterföhring

**Unterföhring** (Central Bavarian: *Untafering*) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. Many media companies are in Unterföhring, for example ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG and Sky Deutschland.

## References
Princess Jasmine

**Princess Jasmine** is a fictional character of in the movie *Aladdin*.

## Life 
Jasmine was born in Agrabah, in the royal Place. She lived surrounded by all kinds of luxuries,comforts and she had as her only friend the tiger;Rajah. She lost her mother early in life (when not mentioned) and, hence, was educated by her father, the Sultan. She was happy until the day that the Sultan tried to force her to marry before her 16th birthday. 

Unhappy about being forced to marry, Jasmine fled the palace. In the streets, she finds out that Aladdin is arrested for stealing. Later, Jafar takes the control of the city of Agrabah, reducing Jasmine to the position of a slave. Aladdin arrives and defeats Jafar. Jasmine realizes that she loves Aladdin and the two decide to marry. She has since married and has become queen.
Fur trade

fur trader in the 1890s.]]
 (before 1906)]]
The **fur trade** is a worldwide industry dealing in the gain and sale of animal bodies, or parties. It is still a on going tradition. The North American fur trade flourished for 250 years. This long time can be roughly divided into three sections:
* the "French Era" from 1600 to 1760 *(See Coureur de bois)*
* the "British Era" from 1760 to 1816
* the "American Era" from 1816 to 1850 *(See John Jacob Astor)*

Before the colonization of the Americas, Russia was a major fur supplier of Western Europe and parts of Asia. 
The North American fur trade was a central part of the early history of contact in The New World (North America) between European-Americans and Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada.

The North American fur trade flourished for 250 years. This long time can be roughly divided into three sections:  
* the "French Era" from 1600 to 1760 *(See Coureur de bois)*
* the "British Era" from 1760 to 1816
* the "American Era" from 1816 to 1850 *(See John Jacob Astor)*

One of the earliest companies in the fur trade business was the Hudson's Bay Company, which was created by an English royal charter in 1670. The company still exists today, but now works in the retail business and operates a number of department stores in Canada, the United States and all around the world.

## References 
* Barbara Huck (2000) Exploring the Fur Trade Routes of North America  (2nd Ed: May 2002)

## Other websites 
* The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Great Fur Trade Canoes
* A Brief History of the Fur Trade 
* History of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin 
* Museum of the Fur Trade, Chadron, Nebraska USA
Miyuki Komatsu

is a Japanese actress.

She has acted in:
* *Death Note* and *Death Note: The Last Name*: Sanami
* *Oh! Oku*

## References
Argyle, Wisconsin

**Argyle** is a village in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 783 people living in Argyle as of the year 2020. The village can be found inside the Town of Argyle.  The United States Census Bureau says that the village has an area of 0.6&nbsp;square miles (1.6&nbsp;km²).

## References
## Other websites
*The Village of Argyle, Wisconsin website
Aschheim

**Aschheim** (Central Bavarian: *Oscham*, *Aschhoam*) is a municipality in the district of the Munich Rural District.

## References
## Other websites
NetSolve

**NetSolve** is an information technology company in the United States. Cisco Systems took it over on September 9, 2004.

## Notes
Wagoner County, Oklahoma

**Wagoner County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 80,981 people lived there.  Its county seat is Wagoner.

## Bordering counties
*Rogers County  (northwest)
*Mayes County  (northeast)
*Cherokee County  (east)
*Muskogee County  (south)
*Tulsa County  (west)

## Cities and towns 
## National Register  of Historic Places sites 
The following sites in Wagoner County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

## References
National Register of Historic Places

The **National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)** is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects (all called "properties") worthy of preservation. The list is kept by the National Park Service.  The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) created the National Register and the method for adding properties to it. There are more than one million properties on the National Register, 80,000 are listed by themselves.  The rest of the properties are smaller "contributing properties" that are part of historic districts. Each year around 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or through individual listings. A few are National Historic Landmarks.

## Other websites 
* National Register of Historic Places
Wagoner, Oklahoma

**Wagoner** is a city in Wagoner County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 7,621 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Wagoner County.

## References
Tulsa County, Oklahoma

**Tulsa County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 669,279 people lived there. The county seat is Tulsa. It has the second most people of any county in Oklahoma, after Oklahoma County.

## Geography 
The county has a total area of 587 square miles.

## Bordering counties 
*Washington County  (north)
*Rogers County  (northeast)
*Wagoner County  (southeast)
*Okmulgee County  (south)
*Creek County  (west)
*Pawnee County & Osage County  (northwest)

## Cities and towns 
## Unincorporated Communities 
*Berryhill
*Turley
*Oakhurst

## NRHP Sites 
The following sites in Tulsa County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

## References 
## Other websites 
*Tulsa County website
Fürstenfeldbruck (district)

**Fürstenfeldbruck** is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
*Official website  
*Regional news platform for the Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck
Cherokee County, Oklahoma

**Cherokee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, the population was 47,078.  Its capital city is Tahlequah.

## Geography 
The county has a total area of 776 square miles.

## Bordering counties
*Delaware County  (north)
*Adair County  (east)
*Sequoyah County  (south)
*Muskogee County  (southwest)
*Wagoner County  (west)
*Mayes County  (northwest)

## Cities and towns
## NRHP sites 
The following sites in Cherokee County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

## References
Mao, Dominican Republic

The Dominican city of **Santa Cruz de Mao**, or simply **Mao.** It is the head municipality of the Valverde province, on the northwest of the country. It is the largest city of the Dominican northwest and the centre of the region.

## Name
Its name is a Taíno word. It comes from the Mao River, near the city. Its nickname is *Ciudad de los Bellos Atardeceres* ("City of the Beautiful Sunsets") because there are not many mountains to the west of the city. Instead, it is common to see a "red" sky during sunsets. It is a very dry region and there are much dust in the air which gives the red color to the sky.

## Population
There were a total of 51,647 people living in the area in . Out of this, 25,663 are men while there were 25,984 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

The town of Mao was built close to where the Mao river flows into the Yaque del Norte river. The first Catholic church was build in 1869.

Mao was made a *Puesto Cantonal* (an old category similar to the present Municipal District under a military government). In 1882, Mao was elevated to the category of municipality and in 1904 its official name was changed to "Valverde" after José Desiderio Valverde, past President of the Dominican Republic.

## Economy
The main economic activity of the province is agriculture; the main products in the municipality are rice, bananas and plantain.

## References
Mayes County, Oklahoma

**Mayes County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 39,046 people lived there.  Its county seat is Pryor, also known as Pryor Creek.

## Bordering counties
*Craig County  (north)
*Delaware County  (east)
*Cherokee County  (southeast)
*Wagoner County  (south)
*Rogers County  (west)

## Cities and towns 
## NRHP Sites 
The following sites in Mayes County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:
* Cabin Creek Battlefield, Pensacola
* Farmers and Merchants Bank, Chouteau
* Lewis Ross/Cherokee Orphan Asylum Springhouse, Salina
* Pensacola Dam, Langley
* Territorial Commercial District, Chouteau
* Union Mission Site, Mazie

## References
Rogers County, Oklahoma

**Rogers County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 95,240 people lived there.  Its county seat is Claremore.

## Geography 
The county has a total area of 711 square miles.

## Bordering counties
*Nowata County  (north)
*Craig County  (northeast)
*Mayes County  (east)
*Wagoner County  (south)
*Tulsa County  (southwest)
*Washington County  (northwest)

## Cities and towns 
## NRHP sites 
The followings sites in Rogers County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

## References
Sean Hannity

**Sean Hannity** (born December 30, 1961) is an American radio talk show host and best-selling author. He first was noticed as the co-host for the Fox News program Hannity & Colmes, a political television program co-hosted by Alan Colmes. He is the second highest rated talk-radio show in the United States,  for his work with his show called The Sean Hannity Show. He is also the host of Hannity's America, on the TV station Fox News Channel.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Sean Hannity's official website
* Sean Hannity's biography (Fox News)