open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nightingale

The **nightingale** (*Luscinia megarhynchos*) is a small bird. It used to be put in the thrush family Turdidae. Now it is put on the Old World flycatchers, a group often called the chats or chat-thrushes. Its resemblance to thrushes is an example of convergent evolution.

It is a migratory insectivorous species. It breeds in forests and scrubs in Europe and south-west Asia. The distribution is more southerly than the very closely related thrush nightingale *Luscinia luscinia*. It nests on the ground in or next to dense bushes. It passes the winter southern Africa. Studies have shown that nightingales seem to choose places to breed that meet certain criteria (Wink 1973):
* less than 200 meters above mean sea level
* mean air temperature during the growing season above 14&nbsp;°C
* more than 20 days/year on which temperatures are above 25&nbsp;°C
* less than 750mm of rain per year.
* no closed canopy.

The Nightingale is slightly larger than the robin, at around 15-16.5 cm length. It is plain brown above except for the reddish tail. It is buff to white below. Sexes are similar.

Nightingales are named so because they frequently sing at night as well as during the day. The name has been used for well over 1,000 years, being highly recognizable even in its Anglo-Saxon form - 'nihtingale'. It means 'night songstress'. Early writers assumed the female sang; in fact, it is the male.  

The song is loud, with an impressive range of whistles, trills and gurgles.  Its song is particularly noticeable at night because few other birds are singing.  This is why its name (in several languages) includes "night".  Only unpaired males sing regularly at night, and nocturnal song is likely to serve attracting a mate.  Singing at dawn, during the hour before sunrise, is assumed to be important in defending the bird's territory.  Nightingales sing even more loudly in urban or near-urban environments, in order to overcome the background noise.  The most characteristic feature of the song is a loud whistling crescendo, absent from the song of thrush nightingale. It has a frog-like alarm call.

## Culture 
* A Provençal folk song, *The Nightingale Which Flies*, inspired Tchaikovsky when composing his *Humoresque* opus 10-2.

## References 
*  Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

* Wink, Michael (1973): Die Verbreitung der Nachtigall (*Luscinia megarhynchos*) im Rheinland. *Charadrius* **9**(2/3): 65-80. [Article in German] PDF fulltext

## Other websites 
* Internet Bird Collection: Nightingale videos. Retrieved 2006-DEC-09.

* The Freesound Project: High-quality Nightingale sound file  (requires free account to download). Retrieved 2006-DEC-09.

* Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (British)- Nightingale http://www.rspb.org.uk/wildlife/birdguide/name/n/nightingale/. Retrieved 2007-JUN-11.

* Rose and nightingale in Persian art http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/10/wai/hod_1993.98.htm  and in Persian literature http://www.iranica.com/articles/v11f1/v11f1034.html 

* Nightingale song and behavioural ecology https://camargue.unibas.ch/en/research 
*Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta
Collegiate Water Polo Association

This is a list of colleges and universities who play water polo in the **Collegiate Water Polo Association**:
*Brown University
*Bucknell University
*Connecticut College
*Fordham University
*Gannon University
*George Washington University
*Grove City College
*Hartwick College
*Harvard University
*Indiana University
*Iona College
*Johns Hopkins University
*Massachusetts Institute of Technology
*Mercyhurst College
*Pennsylvania State University
*Princeton University
*Queens College of the City of New York
*Saint Francis College
*Slippery Rock University
*United States Naval Academy
*University of Maryland
*University of Michigan
*Utica College
*Washington and Jefferson College

## References
*
Donkey Kong (series)

is a video game series made by Shigeru Miyamoto and owned by Nintendo. It stars a gorilla called Donkey Kong.

## Arcade games 
*Donkey Kong
*Donkey Kong Jr.
*Donkey Kong 3
*Crazy Kong
*Donkey Kong: Jungle Fever
*Donkey Kong: Banana Kingdom
We Are the Champions

"**We Are the Champions**" is a power ballad by Queen for the album *News of the World*. It was written by Freddie Mercury.

## References
Ace Attorney

***Ace Attorney***, known as  in Japan, is a video game series made by Capcom, with games released on the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, and Nintendo 3DS. The series is a visual novel style courtroom drama where a rookie defense attorney must get their falsely accused client a not guilty verdict and find the true culprit.

## Games
The first *Ace Attorney* game was released in Japan in 2001. The game, *Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney* was made for the Game Boy Advance. In 2005, the game was released outside of Japan for the first time. This was with a Nintendo DS version of the game. Right now, the series has six main games and five spin-off games.

## Related pages
**Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth*
**Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney*
**Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney*
**Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Justice for All*
**Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Spirit of Justice*
*''Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Trials and Tribulations'_

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the series 
* Official website of the series  
* Official website for Gyakuten Kenji  
* Court Records - *Ace Attorney* fansite, with information spanning all games in the series.
Oruchuban Ebichu

***Oruchuban Ebichu*** (also known as ) is an anime. It was made by the Japanese animaion studio Gainax. The anime is based on the 1990 manga by Risa Itō.

In 1990 to 2007, the manga was published in the magazine Giga&chan (ギガ/Shan). It was published in the magazine ACTION PIZAZZ (アクションピザッツ) in 2007 and 2008. After 1999, The manga was published in book form. In 1999, it was shown on Television on DirecTV).

## Plot 
this story is about a housekeeper hamster named Ebichu and her master, Gosujinjama,  who she calls Office Lady (OL).  The name Ebichu  comes from the Japanese beer "Yebisu".

Ebichu is a hamster. She is a faithful and very good housekeeper. She often does not have any . This often leads to her being abused by OL. Gosujinjama is 25 years old (29 in the manga). She has a bad temper. 
### Characters 
* Ebichu :  main character, housekeeper Hamster
* Goshujin-chama : (OL)  master of Ebichu
* Kaishonachi : boyfriend of Goshujin-chama
* Maa-kun : friends of Kaishonachi, Goshujin-chama
* Watanabe / Lady Hanadataki : friend of Goshujin-chama
* Mother of Goshujin-chama
* Kobayashi and Mrs. Kobayashi : new marriage couple.
* Other apartment woman
* girlfriends of Maa-kun

*

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* Gainax's Ebichu website in Japanese 
* Futabasha's Ebichu website 
* Risa ITOU anime news & network.com
Kirby (series)

is a fantasy video game series made by HAL Laboratory and Nintendo. It was created by Masahiro Sakurai. The games are about Kirby, who can fly and eat enemies. When he swallows enemies he will almost always acquire their power. In Kirby games, it's called a "Copy Ability". For now, in the whole series, 68 copy abilities have appeared.   

Most of the games are platform games, but there are games of other genres.

## History 
The first Kirby game was Kirby's Dream Land, made in 1992 for the Game Boy. It had a small set of levels that each introduced Kirby and the enemy characters. King Dedede was the villain fought at the end of the game.

The second Kirby game was Kirby's Adventure, made for the NES. It had many worlds, and each world had its own set of levels. Kirby's Adventure introduced Kirby's power to copy the powers of the enemies he eats. It was the first Kirby game to show Kirby in a pink color.

Kirby's Dream Land 2 brought some of Kirby's copy abilities to the Game Boy, as well as a set of worlds like in Kirby's Adventure. Kirby's Dream Land 3, made for the SNES, also used these parts of the game, in a new story. Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards let the player mix the copy abilities together to make new powers for Kirby to use.

More Kirby games were made for handheld game consoles: Kirby & the Amazing Mirror for the Game Boy Advance, and Kirby: Squeak Squad for the Nintendo DS. They gave Kirby a large set of copy abilities, like in Kirby's Adventure.

Kirby's Return to Dream Land was made in 2011 for the Wii. It showed the modern look of the characters.
SummerSlam (2008)

**SummerSlam** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on August 17, 2008 at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the 21st annual SummerSlam event and starred wrestlers from the Raw, SmackDown and ECW brands.

## Results
## Related pages
*List of WWE pay-per-view events
*SummerSlam

## References
## Other websites 
*The official website of WWE SummerSlam 2008
*SummerSlam 2008 Microsite (Macromedia Flash Player needed)
HAL Laboratory

**HAL Laboratory, Inc.** is a video game developer and a second party to Nintendo. They are best known for developing the *Kirby* series and the *Super Smash Bros.* series. They also develop the *BoxBoy!* series.

## References
Wario Land: The Shake Dimension

***Wario Land: The Shake Dimension*** (known as ***Wario Land: Shake It!*** in North America) is a platform video game made by Good-Feel and published by Nintendo for the Wii game console.

## Gameplay 
*The Shake Dimension* is a side-scrolling platform game that uses 3D cel-shading to make it look hand-drawn. It stars Wario, and the player controls him by holding the Wii Remote like an NES controller. Wario can jump, do a shoulder bash, and at certain times, can use the Wii Remote's motion features to shake stuff or control stuff.

## References
The Age

***The Age*** is a newspaper made in Melbourne, Australia. It is owned by an Australian company called Nine, and its first edition was on 17 October 1854.

The newspaper was first made by John and Henry Cooke. They also had a merchant business called Francis Cooke and Co.. They said they would use the newspaper to help miners in the Australian Gold Rush. The newspaper has become very popular since then. According to its website, it gets up to 957,000 on Saturdays. got in trouble in 2008 when *The Age* journalists agreed that he had been making it hard for them to make news reports independently. In 2023, Patrick Elligett was appointed as Editor.

## References 
## Other websites 
* *The Age* homepage
* Video - "A new chapter for *The Age*"
Kirby Super Star Ultra

***Kirby Super Star Ultra*** is a remake of *Kirby Super Star*, a collection of side-scrolling platform video games for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It was made for Kirby's 15th . The  was released for the Nintendo DS in 2008.

## Game modes and plot
*Kirby Super Star Ultra* has every game that the original *Kirby Super Star* has, along with new games. The original games are:

****Spring Breeze:*** King Dedede had stolen food from the people of Dream Land. Kirby goes to his castle to stop him. A traditional *Kirby* platformer. This game is like a smaller version of the first *Kirby* game, Kirby's Dream Land.
****Dyna Blade:*** Kirby must stop Dyna Blade, a giant bird, from disturbing Dream Land's crops. This game has five levels, two secret levels, and a mini-boss level. This game also has a world map.
****Gourmet Race:*** King Dedede challenges Kirby to a gourmet race. A racing game where the player goes against King Dedede in a race while also eating as many food as possible.
****The Great Cave Offensive:*** Kirby fell off a cave and explores it, discovering treasure as he finds the exit. A *Metroidvania* game with 60 hidden treasures. Some treasures are from other Nintendo games.
****Revenge of Meta Knight:*** Meta Knight is unhappy with the laziness of Dream Land's people. He plans to take over Dream Land with his flying battleship, the Halberd. A story-driven game focused on Kirby's attempts to stop Meta Knight. Each level has a limited time to complete. After completing a level, the Halberd takes damage.
****Milky Way Wishes:*** The sun and moon are fighting. Marx, tells Kirby to travel through eight planets to restore the wish granting Nova and stop the sun and moon from fighting. Kirby cannot use copy abilities. Instead, he collects "Copy Essence Deluxes". These allow Kirby to use copy abilities at any time.
****The Arena:*** A boss rush mode that where the player fights every boss in the game with only one life and a free selection of abilities at the start of the game. The player can heal up to five times, and are given two random abilities between boss fights.

The new games are:

****Revenge of the King:*** A traditional *Kirby* platformer. It is like *Spring Breeze*, but harder.
****Meta Knightmare Ultra:*** Meta Knight prepares for the "ultimate battle". It is a game where you play as Meta Knight and control him through various actions on the touch screen.
****Helper to Hero:*** A version of *The Arena* where the player takes control of the helper characters.
****The True Arena:*** A version of *The Arena* which has the bosses from *Revenge of the King*. It also has a new boss called Marx Soul.
***Sub-games:** There are three new sub-games: Snack Tracks, Kirby Swipe, and Kirby on the Draw. They use the console's touch screen and can be played with up to four players.

## References
Wildhaus

**Wildhaus** is a village and municipality near St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. About 1,200 people live there. Huldrych Zwingli was born there in 1484. With *9658*, Wildhaus has the highest zip code in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Wildhaus and Alt St. Johann merged into the new municipality of Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Wildhaus Online
Pokémon (anime)

***Pokémon*** (abbreviated from ) is a Japanese anime children's television series. It is part of the *Pokémon* media franchise which is owned by Nintendo. It has been brought to many other places, including North America, Europe, and Australia. The United States dub was originally made by 4Kids Entertainment; starting in 2006 the dub has been made by Pokémon USA.

Not long after *Pokémon Red and Blue* (the first *Pokémon* video games outside of Japan) were released, the anime was created. It was first broadcast in Japan in early 1997, and in the United States in late 1998. The anime started what has been called "Pokémania", which meant that after the anime came out, it became very popular among children, and many parents assumed it was a fad and no one would care about it in a couple years. However, it was never cancelled, and it is still running, and continues to maintain a fanbase consisting of people of all ages.

The anime shows the adventures of Ash Ketchum, a 10-year-old Pokémon trainer and his partner pikachu, who has many adventures, meeting many new people and Pokémon, Ash then leaves the anime and Pokémon Horizons then follows Liko and Roy who also go on adventures to meet people and Pokémon.

Pokémon Horizons will release in Australia on 9Go! on February 27th 2024.

A number of *Pokémon* films have also been made that relate to the anime. The first one was *Pokémon: The First Movie* (released on 1998 in Japan and on 1999 in North America). They are still being made.

There are various bad guys in Pokémon like Team Rocket.

## Seasons
### *Pok&eacute;mon the Series: The Beginning* (Series 1) 
* *Pokémon: Indigo League*
* *Pokémon: Adventures on the Orange Islands*

### *Pok&eacute;mon the Series: Gold and Silver* (Series 2) 
* *Pokémon: The Johto Journeys*
* *Pokémon: Johto League Champions*
* *Pokémon: Master Quest*

### *Pok&eacute;mon the Series: Ruby and Sapphire* (Series 3) 
* *Pokémon: Advanced*
* *Pokémon: Advanced Challenge*
* *Pokémon: Advanced Battle*
* *Pokémon: Battle Frontier*

### *Pokémon the Series: Diamond and Pearl* (Series 4)
* *Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl*
* *Pokémon: DP Battle Dimension*
* *Pokémon: DP Galactic Battles*
* *Pokémon: DP Sinnoh League Victors*

### *Pokémon the Series: Black & White* (Series 5)
* *Pokémon: Black & White*
* *Pokémon: BW Rival Destinies*
* *Pokémon: BW Adventures in Unova*
* *Pokémon: BW Adventures in Unova and Beyond*

### *Pokémon the Series: XY* (Series 6)
**Pokémon - The Series: XY*
**Pokémon - The Series: XY: Kalos Quest*
**Pokémon - The Series: XYZ*

### *Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon* (Series 7) 
* *Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon*
* *Pokémon the Series Ultra Sun and Moon*

### *Pokémon Journeys* (Series 8) 
* *Pokémon Journeys*
* *Pokémon Master Journeys*
* *Pokémon Ultimate Journeys*
### *Pokémon Horizons* (Series 9) 
• Pokémon Horizons

### Specials/Spin-offs
* *Pokémon: Chronicles*
* *Pokémon: Origins*
* *Pokémon: Twilight Wings*

## Movies
### Pokémon Feature Movies
### TV Movies
## Notes
## References
Rosario Dawson

**Rosario Isabel Dawson** (born May 9, 1979) is an American actress. Her first movie was *Kids* in 1995. Since then, she has become known for her roles in *Men in Black II* (2002), *25th Hour* (2002), *The Rundown* (2003), *Alexander* (2004), *Sin City* (2005), *Death Proof* (2007), *Eagle Eye* (2008), *Unstoppable* (2010), *César Chávez* (2013), *Trance* (2013), *The Lego Batman Movie* (2017) and *Zombieland: Double Tap* (2019).

She also plays Ahsoka Tano in the Disney+ *Star Wars* series *The Mandalorian and Ahsoka*.

Dawson endorsed Barack Obama for re-election in 2012, and Bernie Sanders for the Democratic nomination in the 2016 and 2020 presidential primaries. 

She dated U.S. Senator Cory Booker from 2019 until 2022. Dawson adopted a 12-year-old girl in 2014.

In February 2020, Dawson publicly came out as a member of the LGBT community.

## References
## Other websites
*
Grant Fuhr

**Grant Scott Fuhr** (born September 28, 1962) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played in the National Hockey League. In 2003, he was added into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Born of biracial parents, Fuhr was adopted as a baby and raised in Spruce Grove, Alberta.

## Awards
*Named to NHL Second All-Star Team in 1982
*Named to NHL First All-Star Team  in 1988
*Won Vezina Trophy in 1988
*Won William M. Jennings Trophy in 1994 (shared with Dominik Hašek)
*Participated in NHL All-Star Game in 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986 (MVP), 1988, 1989
*In 1997, he was ranked number 70 on *The Hockey News*' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.

## References
## Other websites
*
*One on One at Legends of Hockey.com
MINIX

**MINIX** is a Unix-like computer operating system based on a microkernel architecture. Andrew S. Tanenbaum wrote the operating system so it could be used for educational purposes; MINIX also helped Linus Torvalds design the Linux kernel. Its name comes from the words *minimal* and *Unix*.

Released under the BSD license, MINIX is free and open source.

## History 
Andrew S. Tanenbaum created MINIX at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.

## MINIX 3 
MINIX 3 was announced to the public on 24 October 2005 by Andrew Tanenbaum during his speech on top of the ACM Symposium Operating System Principles conference. MINIX 3 currently supports only IA-32 architecture PC systems. It has a Live CD format that lets it be used on a computer without installing it.
Version 3.1.2 was released 8 May 2006. It contains X11, emacs, vi, cc, gcc, perl, python, ash, bash, zsh, ftp, ssh, telnet, pine, and over 400 other common UNIX programs. With the addition of X11, this version starts the change from a Text-Only System.

## MINIX and Linux 
The design principles Tanenbaum applied to MINIX had influenced the design decisions Linus Torvalds applied in the creation of the Linux kernel. Torvalds used and appreciated MINIX, but his design was different from the MINIX architecture in significant ways, most notably by employing a monolithic kernel instead of a microkernel. This was famously disapproved by Tanenbaum in the Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate. (Tanenbaum explained again his rationale for using a microkernel in May 2006.)

### Linux being copied from MINIX 
In May 2004 Kenneth Brown of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution raised the accusation   that major parts of the Linux kernel had been copied from MINIX, in a book called *Samizdat*.

These accusations were rejected by Andrew Tanenbaum, who said that Kenneth Brown was very wrong and published a long rebuttal on his personal website.

## Licensing 
Its licensing fee was very small ($69) compared to the ones of other operating systems.  Although Tanenbaum wished for MINIX to be as easily available to students, his publisher would not allow it.

When free/open source Unix-like operating systems such as Linux became available in the early 1990s, many volunteer software developers stopped using MINIX for Linux.  In April 2000, MINIX became free/open source software under a permissive free software licence, but by this time other operating systems were much better, and it was mostly used as an operating system for students and hobbyists.

## Related pages
*GNU Hurd
*HelenOS
*QNX

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official MINIX 3 Operating System site 
* The MINIX category  at the Open Directory Project
* History of MINIX from Andrew Tanenbaum
Ron Hextall

**Ronald Jeffrey Hextall** (born May 3, 1964 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender most often associated with the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League. He is the grandson of Hall-of-Famer Bryan Hextall, the son of former NHL player Bryan Hextall Jr. and nephew of former NHL player Dennis Hextall.

## Awards
*Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award – 1986
*Named to AHL First All-Star Team – 1986
*NHL Rookie of the Month of November – 1986
*Vezina Trophy – 1987
*Conn Smythe Trophy – 1987
*NHL All-Rookie Team – 1987
*NHL First All-Star Team – 1987
* Inducted into Flyers Hall of Fame – February 6, 2008

## Career statistics
### Regular season
### Playoffs
## International play
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* CBC Digital Archives – Hextall boils over
Brandon Wheat Kings

The **Brandon Wheat Kings** are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Brandon, Manitoba. They compete in the Western Hockey League, and joined the league in the 1967–68 season. Prior to that they played in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League and were known as the Brandon Elks for a short time in the 1940s. They won 8 Turnbull Cup Championships as Manitoba Junior Champions, 1939, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1960, 1962, 1963,  & 1964 and appeared in the Memorial Cup five times: in 1949 (as an MJHL team), 1979, 1995, 1996 and 2010, losing each time.  The team plays its home games in Westman Communications Group Place (Keystone Centre). They also played at Wheat City Arena until 1969, and the Manex Arena from 1969 to 1972. Starting in 1973, the Wheat Kings owned and operated a farm team in the MJHL, called the **Travellers**.

An earlier incarnation of the Wheat Kings played for the Stanley Cup in 1904, but lost to the Ottawa Senators.

The 1949 Brandon Wheat Kings won the Abbott Cup defeating the Calgary Buffaloes. They went on to lose the Memorial Cup to the Montreal Royals. The 1949 Brandon Wheat Kings were inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame in the team category. 

The Wheat Kings hold the CHL record for most points (125) in a single season, setting the mark in 1978–79.

The Western Hockey League announced on October 16, 2008, that the Wheat Kings were chosen to host the 2010 Memorial Cup championship at the Keystone Centre. They reached the final game, losing to the Windsor Spitfires.

## Season-by-season record 
***Note:** GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against*

## Team records 
## NHL alumni 
## Notes 
## References 
* 2005–06 WHL Guide

## Other websites 
* Official website of the Brandon Wheat Kings
* 1949 Brandon Wheat Kings  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
William Riker

**William Thomas Riker** is a Star Trek: The Next Generation character. He is played by Jonathan Frakes. He is first officer on the starship Enterprise. This means that he is second in command of the starship and can give orders if the Captain is away.

## Character story
Riker soon becomes very comfortable on the Enterprise, many times refusing offers of his own command. On part 1-2 on the episode "The Best of Both Worlds", Riker takes command on the Enterprise and orders Jean-Luc Picard rescued.
Aircraft hijacking

**Aircraft hijacking** (also known as **skyjacking** and **aircraft piracy**) is the takeover of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. In most cases the pilot is forced to fly according to the orders of the hijackers. Sometimes, the hijackers fly the planes themselves, as occurred in the September 11, 2001 attacks. In one of the cases, the official pilot hijacked the plane, when he diverted his internal Air China flight to Taiwan.

## Related pages
* Violence
* Terrorism
* Extremism
* D. B. Cooper
* Islamic terrorism

## References
Hall church

A **hall church** is a type of church building. The term "hall church" is about the architecture of the building. Most very large churches and cathedrals are built with a long part where people sit, called the "nave". On each side of the nave is a lower "aisle". Between the nave and the aisles are rows of columns. Above the columns are windows which let light into the nave. In a hall church, there are no windows above the columns. The nave and the aisles are about the same height. 

Famous cathedrals which are hall churches are Milan Cathedral in Italy, St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna and Bristol Cathedral in England. 

The term was first used in the mid-19th century by the German art historian Wilhelm Lübke.

Image:060823 stephansdom2a dp.jpg|Another inside view of St Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna. 
Image:Eglise St Thomas - Interieur - Strasbourg.jpg|Saint Thomas Church (Strasbourg) is the only hall-church in Alsace. It is a Protestant church today.
Image:Pfarrkirche Tulln 2.jpg|The main Church in Tulln, Austria.

## Related pages
*Gothic architecture

## References
St Thomas' Church, Strasbourg

**Saint Thomas Church** in Strasbourg is a Protestant church today. It is very important for Strasbourg, from a cultural and historic perspective. Strasbourg Cathedral had to be given to the Catholics when the French occupied Strasbourg in 1681. Since then, this church is the main Protestant church in the region. 

The veneration of St. Thomas at this particular spot was already present in the 6th century. A church and a school were built there in the 9th century. They burned down because lightning struck them in 1007 and again in 1144. A very large church built like a fortress to resist fires better was started in the year of 1196. Building works were interrupted several times, until they finished with building side-chapels in Gothic style. In 1524 the church became Lutheran. Today, it is in charge of several schools. There is also a seminary (A special school for priests) in the baroque building next to it. 

There are 5 naves in the church. It is the oldest such church in southwest Germany, and the only "hall church" in Alsace. The church is also known for its organs. One of them was built by Johann Andreas Silbermann in 1741. The family Silbermann (father and sons) were the most important German organ-builders of the 18th century. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart played on this organ several times during the three weeks he spent in Strasbourg in 1778 and wrote in a letter to his father Leopold Mozart about it. The other organ (built for the choir) was designed by Albert Schweitzer and built in 1906. 

There is a gothic fresco of Saint Michael in the church. This is the largest of its kind in France after that of St. Christopher in Wissembourg, which is ten meters high.

There are also many notable tombs and tombstones in the church, the oldest is a romanesque masterwork from the 11th century, and the largest a baroque monument to field-marchal Maurice of Saxony that fills up the entire rear wall of the choir. Maurice could not be buried in Paris because he was Protestant, and since he was German by birth, Strasbourg was a fitting place.

The Saint Thomas church also houses medieval stained glass in its windows, although Protestants destroyed parts of it in the early years of the Reformation.

## Gallery 

File:StThomas 02.JPG|Choir
File:Strasbourg StThomas82.JPG|Main pipe organ, by Johann Andreas Silbermann, 1741
File:Eglise St Thomas - Orgue de Choeur.JPG|Choir organ built to the plans of Albert Schweitzer, 1905
File:Sarcophage d'Adeloch.JPG|Sarcophagus of bishop Adeloch
File:StThomas 07.JPG|Fresco of Saint Michael
File:StThomas 05.jpg|Monument to Marshall Maurice of Saxony by Jean-Baptiste Pigalle
Cockpit

(1960s) The Vickers VC10 airliner featured an analog cockpit, with old-style instruments.]] cockpit. Most Airbus cockpits are computerised glass cockpits featuring fly-by-wire technology. The control column has been replaced with an electronic sidestick.]]A **cockpit** is the open space, normally near the front of an aircraft, where a pilot controls the aircraft. A different name for the cockpit is the flight deck, flight deck can also refer to the flight deck on an aircraft carrier. Current cockpits have walls on all sides, this may not be the same for some small aircraft, and cockpits on aircraft with passengers have the cockpit separated from the passenger area of the aircraft. Motorboats also have cockpits.

Cockpit as a term for the pilot's space in an aircraft first appeared in 1914. From about 1935 cockpit also came to be used informally to refer to the driver's seat of a car, especially a high performance one, and this is official terminology in Formula One. The term is most likely related to the sailing term for the coxswain's station in a Royal Navy ship, and later the location of the ship's rudder controls.
## Related pages
* Aviation
* Aerodynamics
* Mechanical engineering
Los Angeles International Airport

**Los Angeles International Airport**  is an international airport which serves Los Angeles, California, United States. It is often called **LAX**, its airport code. The letters are usually said by themselves. LAX is in southwestern Los Angeles in the neighborhood of Westchester,  from the downtown core.

With 65,924,298	 passengers in 2022, LAX was the sixth busiest airport in the world and is served by direct flights to North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East. The airport is a small hub for American Airlines and United Airlines and a focus city for Alaska Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and Southwest Airlines.

## Statistics
### Yearly traffic
## Images

File:LaxAirportDiagram2.jpg|Runway layout at LAX
File:LAX LA.jpg|Theme Building
file:Deltalax_(cropped).jpg|Delta Boeing 757-200 at LAX in August 2003
|One of the large LAX signs that greet visitors to Los Angeles International Airport. This sign is at the Century Boulevard entrance to the airport.
File:2010-1101-HangarNo1.jpg|Hangar No. 1 was the first structure at LAX, built in 1929, restored in 1990 and remaining in active use.

## References
Western Conference (NHL)

The **Western Conference** () is one of two conferences in the National Hockey League (NHL) used to divide teams.  Its counterpart is the Eastern Conference.

## Divisions 
;Central
* Arizona Coyotes
* Chicago Blackhawks
* Colorado Avalanche
* Dallas Stars
* Minnesota Wild
* Nashville Predators
* St. Louis Blues
* Winnipeg Jets

;Pacific
* Anaheim Ducks
* Calgary Flames
* Edmonton Oilers
* Los Angeles Kings
* San Jose Sharks
* Seattle Kraken
* Vancouver Canucks
* Vegas Golden Knights

## Champions 
### Stanley Cup champions produced 
* 1974–75 - Philadelphia Flyers†
* 1979–80 - New York Islanders†
* 1980–81 - New York Islanders†
* 1983–84 - Edmonton Oilers
* 1984–85 - Edmonton Oilers
* 1986–87 - Edmonton Oilers
* 1987–88 - Edmonton Oilers
* 1988–89 - Calgary Flames
* 1989–90 - Edmonton Oilers
* 1995–96 - Colorado Avalanche
* 1996–97 - Detroit Red Wings†
* 1997–98 - Detroit Red Wings†
* 1998–99 - Dallas Stars
* 2000–01 - Colorado Avalanche
* 2001–02 - Detroit Red Wings†
* 2006–07 - Anaheim Ducks
* 2007–08 – Detroit Red Wings†
* 2009–10 – Chicago Blackhawks
* 2011–12 – Los Angeles Kings
* 2012–13 – Chicago Blackhawks
* 2013–14 – Los Angeles Kings
* 2014–15 – Chicago Blackhawks
* 2022-23 - Vegas Golden Knights
 

† - The Philadelphia Flyers, New York Islanders, and Detroit Red Wings are no longer members of the Campbell/Western Conference. The Flyers and Islanders moved to the Wales/Eastern Conference prior to the 1981–82 NHL season, and the Red Wings moved to the Eastern Conference prior to the 2013–14 season.
Mohamed Atta

**Mohamed Atta** (; September 1, 1968 – September 11, 2001) was an Egyptian associate of al-Qaeda and one of the leaders of the nineteen hijackers who carried out the September 11 attacks. He personally participated in the hijacking of American Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center.

## References
Flight attendant

stewardesses and regional cabin staff]]
In aviation, **flight stewardesses** or **flight attendants** — also known as **cabin crew,** **stewards,** **air hosts/hostesses,** or **stewardesses,** — are members of a cabin crew employed by airlines to assist the travelers. 

Stewardesses assist both the travelers but also the pilots who are busy driving the plain, as the pilots does not talk directly during driving to travelers they talk and send their messages to them by the stewardesses.

Stewardesses has also communications studies for this reason. 

Stewardesses are helping not only in piloting but sometimes in other types of transport as big buses.

Usually stewardesses are plane pilots assistants in air and are used to flight in air, to keep balance in air, and on plane, and are in good physical shape. 

Stewardesses has as pilots uniforms in civilian piloting for the professional level of their work. 

They make sure that the passengers on commercial flights (or, sometimes, business jets) are safe and comfortable during the flight.
List of defunct and relocated National Hockey League teams

This is a list of teams that once played in the National Hockey League but no longer exist.  This includes franchises which have moved to different cities.  The years of operation only reflect the time in which that team was in the NHL; it does not take into account any time in which the franchise operated in another league (such as the World Hockey Association).

## Defunct and relocated teams
### Notes
* This team was not affiliated with the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball (MLB).
* This team was not affiliated with the present-day Ottawa Senators.
* The team was formerly known as the New York Americans (1925–1941), and was not affiliated with the Rangers, the Islanders, or the Devils. In addition, the Devils relocated from East Rutherford to Newark in 2007, while the Islanders relocated from Uniondale to Brooklyn in 2015. However, the Devils and the Islanders have never relocated out of the New York metropolitan area.
* The team was formerly known as the California Seals (1967), Oakland Seals (1967–1970), and Bay Area Seals (1970).
* This team was not affiliated with the Colorado Rockies of MLB.
* This team was not affiliated with the present-day Winnipeg Jets.
* The Wanderers played four games during the  before becoming defunct; a further two games were defaulted before the club folded.
* The Senators were on hiatus during the  due to financial problems.
* The 2004–05 season was cancelled due to the season lockout.

## References
First class (aviation)

Boeing 777-200LR]]
**First class**, sometimes called **A1**, is a luxury travel class on some airliners that exceeds "Business Class", "Premium Economy Class" and "Economy Class". On a passenger jetliner first class refers to a limited number (rarely more than 16) of seats or cabins located in the front of the aircraft which are notable for their comfort, service and privacy. Propeller airliners sometimes have first class in the rear.
Business class

]]
**Business class** (also known as executive class or upper class) is a high quality second-tier travel class available on some commercial airlines and rail lines. Its level of accommodation is higher than economy class and domestic first class but lower than international first class. However, many airlines offer only business class as the highest level of international service.

## References
Federal Aviation Administration

The **Federal Aviation Administration** (**FAA**) is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation with authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of civil aviation in the U.S. The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 created the group under the name "Federal Aviation Agency", and adopted its current name in 1967 when it became a part of the United States Department of Transportation. The FAA is the single most influential government-run aviation agency in the world, with the European Aviation Safety Agency in a close second.

## Major functions
The FAA's roles include:
*Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation
*Regulating air navigation facilities' geometric and flight inspection standards
*Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology
*Issuing, suspending, or revoking pilot certificates
*Regulating civil aviation to promote transportation safety in the United States, especially through local offices called Flight Standards District Offices
*Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft
*Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics
*Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Records of the Federal Aviation Administration in the National Archives (Record Group 237) 
* Federal Aviation Administration in the Federal Register
* 
*
North American Aerospace Defense Command

**North American Aerospace Defense Command** (**NORAD**) is a joint organization of Canada and the United States that provides aerospace warning and defense for North America. It was founded on May 12, 1958, as the **North American Air Defense Command**. Its main technical facility has been the Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center in Colorado, and for this reason NORAD is sometimes unofficially referred to as **Cheyenne Mountain**.

## References
Runway

, Chennai, India]]

A **runway** (also abbreviated to **RWY**) is a strip of land on an airport, on which aircraft can take off and land. Runways may be a man-made surface (often asphalt, concrete, or a mixture of both) or a natural surface (grass, dirt, or gravel).

## Sections of a runway 
*The **Runway Safety Area** is the cleared, smoothed and graded area around the paved runway. It is kept free from any obstacles that might impede flight or ground roll of aircraft.
*The **Runway** is the surface from threshold to threshold, which typically features threshold markings, numbers, centerlines, but not overrun areas at both ends.
***Blast pads**, also known as overrun areas or stopways, are often constructed just before the start of a runway where jet blast produced by large planes during the takeoff roll could otherwise erode the ground and eventually damage the runway. Overrun areas are also constructed at the end of runways as emergency space to slowly stop planes that overrun the runway on a landing gone wrong, or to slowly stop a plane on a rejected takeoff or a take-off gone wrong. Blast pads are often not as strong as the main paved surface of the runway and are marked with yellow chevrons. Planes are not allowed to taxi, take-off or land on blast pads, except in an emergency.

* **Displaced thresholds** may be used for taxiing, takeoff, and landing rollout, but not for touchdown. A displaced threshold often exists because obstacles just before the runway, runway strength, or noise restrictions may make the beginning section of runway unsuitable for landings. It is marked with white paint arrows that lead up to the beginning of the landing portion of the runway.
Jules and Gedeon Naudet

**Jules Clément Naudet** (born Paris, France, April 26, 1973) and **Thomas Gédéon Naudet** (born Paris, France, March 27, 1970) are Peabody Award-winning French directors, screenwriters and producers. The brothers, residents of the United States since 1989, were in New York City at the time of the September 11 attacks. Jules captured footage of the first plane flying into the North tower of the World Trade Center. Jules is married to Jacqueline Longa, with two children.

The brothers graduated from Tisch School of the Arts in 1995. Their first film, "Hope, Gloves and Redemption," (2000) on boxers in the Bronx, included coverage of the 1998 New York Daily News Golden Gloves tournament.

## References
Lower Manhattan

**Lower Manhattan** (or **downtown Manhattan**) is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. Lower Manhattan or "downtown" is defined most commonly as the area delineated on the north by 14th Street, on the west by the Hudson River, on the east by the East River, and on the south by New York Harbor (also known as Upper New York Bay). 

When referring specifically to the lower Manhattan business district such as Wall Street and its immediate environs, the northern border is commonly designated by thoroughfares approximately a mile-and-a-half (3 km) south of 14th Street and a mile (2 km) north of the island's southern tip: Chambers Street from near the Hudson east to the Brooklyn Bridge entrances and overpass. Two other major arteries are also sometimes identified as lower Manhattan's northern border: Canal Street, half a mile north of Chambers Street, and 23rd Street,  half a mile north of 14th Street.
Boeing 757

Boeing 757-200.]]
.]]
The **Boeing 757** is a short to medium range narrow-body commercial passenger aircraft manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It was launched by Eastern Air Lines and British Airways to replace the Boeing 727 and entered service in 1983.  Production of the 757 ended on October 28, 2004 after 1,050 had been built. The final aircraft was delivered to Shanghai Airlines on November 28, 2005. As of July 2007, a total of 1,019 Boeing 757 aircraft were in airline service.

]]

]]

## References
List of NHL players

This list of **National Hockey League** (NHL) **players** is divided into the following lists:

## By name 
A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • L • M • N • O • P • Q • R • S • T • U–V • W • X–Z

## By specific groups 
* List of members of the Hockey Hall of Fame
* List of members of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame
* List of undrafted NHL players
* List of players who played only one game in the NHL
* List of ice hockey players of black African descent
* List of ice hockey players of Asian descent
* List of ice hockey players of Latino descent
* List of ice hockey players of Middle Eastern descent
* List of ice hockey players of India
## By NHL teams 
### Current 
*List of Anaheim Ducks players
*List of Boston Bruins players
*List of Buffalo Sabres players
*List of Calgary Flames players
*List of Carolina Hurricanes players
*List of Chicago Blackhawks players
*List of Colorado Avalanche players
*List of Columbus Blue Jackets players
*List of Dallas Stars players
*List of Detroit Red Wings players
*List of Edmonton Oilers players
*List of Florida Panthers players
*List of Los Angeles Kings players
*List of Minnesota Wild players
*List of Montreal Canadiens players
*List of Nashville Predators players
*List of New Jersey Devils players
*List of New York Islanders players
*List of New York Rangers players
*List of Ottawa Senators players
*List of Philadelphia Flyers players
*List of Phoenix Coyotes players
*List of Pittsburgh Penguins players
*List of San Jose Sharks players
*List of St. Louis Blues players
*List of Tampa Bay Lightning players
*List of Toronto Maple Leafs players
*List of Vancouver Canucks players
*List of Washington Capitals players

### Defunct 
*List of Atlanta Flames players
*List of Atlanta Thrashers players
*List of Cleveland Barons players
*List of Colorado Rockies players
*List of Hamilton Tigers players
*List of Hartford Whalers players
*List of Kansas City Scouts players
*List of Minnesota North Stars players
*List of Montreal Maroons players
*List of Montreal Wanderers players
*List of New York Americans players
*List of original Ottawa Senators players
*List of Oakland Seals players
*List of Philadelphia Quakers players
*List of Pittsburgh Pirates players
*List of Quebec Nordiques players
*List of St. Louis Eagles players
*List of Winnipeg Jets (1972–96) players
DGamer

**DGamer** (**Disney Gamer**) was an online service made by Disney for use with games made by Disney Interactive Studios, the game company of Disney. It ran from 15 May 2008 to 13 March 2013, with the games from the service being on the Nintendo DS and PlayStation 3. The service was added by Disney Interactive.

It was started in North America on 15 May 2008, at the same day as the Nintendo DS game "*The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian*." The service was used for Disney games until 13 March 2013, when it was stopped. 

## Supported games
*The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian
*Spectrobes: Beyond the Portals
*The Cheetah Girls: Passport to Stardom
*Disney Fairies: Tinker Bell
*Phineas and Ferb
*Club Penguin EPF

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
Flight recorder

, one type of flight recorder]]
A **flight recorder** is a recorder placed in an aircraft to help with investigating an aircraft accident or incident. For this reason, they have to be capable of surviving extremely rough treatment. They are usually built to withstand an impact of 3600 *g* and temperatures of over 1,000 °C (as required by EUROCAE ED-112), because a powerful impact followed by a very hot fire is what often happens in a plane crash. 

There are two types of protected Flight Recorder, Flight data recorder (FDR) and Cockpit voice recorder (CVR). In some cases, the two recorders may be combined in a single FDR/CVR unit. The first combined flight recorder was invented by Australian scientist, David Warren.

These recorders are often called "black boxes". They can be used in other vehicles including trains and cars. The car's recorder can monitor the speed of the car or the sharpness of turns. The train's recorder can be used to upgrade after a crash to reduce the chance of another crash.
Undrafted sportsperson

An **undrafted sportsperson** or **undrafted free agent** is a type of sportsperson who plays, or tries to play, in a professional sports league. Every eligible player who is not chosen in their league's draft is an undrafted sportsperson. 

## Notable undrafted sportsperson 
*Note: These lists are not complete:*

### Undrafted basketball players
* Ben Wallace
* Raja Bell

### Undrafted hockey players
*Ed Belfour
*Wayne Gretzky

### Undrafted football players 
* Adam Vinatieri
* Antonio Gates
* Jake Delhomme
* Kurt Warner
* Priest Holmes
* Rod Smith
* Tony Romo
* Warren Moon
Pelle Lindbergh

**Per-Erik "Pelle" Lindbergh** (, May 24, 1959 – November 11, 1985) was a Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender who played parts of five seasons in the NHL for the Philadelphia Flyers.

## Awards 
* 1980–81 Les Cunningham Award
* 1980–81 Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award
* 1980–81 Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award
* 1982–83 NHL All-Rookie Team
* 1984–85 Vezina Trophy
* 1984–85 NHL First-Team All-Star
* 1985–86 NHL All-Star Game (awarded posthumously)

The Philadelphia Flyers named an award, the Pelle Lindbergh Memorial, in his honor. Since 1993–94, it has been annually awarded to the most improved player on the team.

## Career Statistics 
### Regular season 
### Post season 
## International Play 
**1980** - Played for Sweden in the XIII Olympic Winter Games

## Other websites 
*
* Official biographical homepage
* Flyers History Bio
* Pelle Lindbergh in Fatal Car Crash
* Pelle Lindbergh 31 Campaign
* Tribute to Pelle Lindbergh