open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Introspection

**Introspection** is the process of examining and reflecting on one's own thoughts, emotions, and experiences. This introspective journey has played an important role in philosophy and psychology throughout the ages.

## Historical evolution 
Introspection was a part of ancient philosophies.  It was important in Greek philosophy; Socrates's wrote that "know[ing] thyself" was the key to wisdom. In the 19th century, introspective psychology was developed.

## Introspective psychology 
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, introspection became a key part of psychology.  Thinkers like Wilhelm Wundt and Edward B. Titchener developed introspective psychology. Its goal was to study conscious thinking by having individuals reflect on their inner experiences. Participants were asked to describe their thoughts, emotions, and sensations in response to various stimuli.

However, this method was criticized for being subjective rather than objective. Critics argued that introspection was unreliable as a scientific tool because people have biases and cannot consciously access certain mental processes.

## Modern impact on philosophy 
Introspection is still a topic of interest in contemporary philosophy. Philosophers explore the nature of self-awareness, consciousness, and the reliability of introspective knowledge. Questions about the relationship between introspection and external reality are an important part of debates within the philosophy of mind.

## Challenges and advances 
Introspection in philosophy and psychology has changed and faced challenges over time.  Researchers continually try to find objective ways to measure introspective insights so they can better understand the human mind.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Extraversion and introversion
1916-17 Austrian football championship

The **1916-17 Austrian football championship** was organized by the Lower Austrian Football Association. It was the third war championship. Although there were originally four championships in the Austria-Hungary empire during the First World War only the first class of the NFV was played as a war championship. There was no relegation and promotion.

As in the previous year, Rapid Wien became champions. Rapid  benefited from the fact that many of their regular players were available for almost every championship match. This was also true for Floridsdorfer AC and SC Rudolfshügel. Other teams havd to play with reinforced junior teams.
## Table
## References
TRT World

**TRT World** is a Turkish news channel in English language that operates 24/7 and is ran by TRT and is broadcasted from Ulus, Ankara. The channel provides worldwide news coverage which mainly focuses on Turkey, West Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Africa. The channel also has broadcasting centres in London and Washington, D.C. The channel is a member of the Association for International Broadcasting.

## References
Australian Science and Mathematics School

**The Australian Science and Mathematics School** (**ASMS**) is a mixed-gender public high school for grades 10-12, located at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia. It's open to students from anywhere, including overseas. The school focuses on getting students ready for university, especially in science and math, and uses a unique teaching approach that encourages students to love learning and manage their own education.

## Overview 
The Australian Science and Mathematics School (ASMS) is a public, coeducational high school for students in grades 10-12, located at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia. Open to students from all over, including internationally, it aims to prepare them for university, focusing on science and math. The school promotes self-directed learning and a passion for education among both students and teachers.

### School Features 
Opened in 2003, ASMS has around 380 students and doesn't enforce a uniform policy to encourage cultural and social diversity. It benefits from a strong partnership with Flinders University, sharing many facilities and resources like the library and cafeteria. The school also collaborates on research projects through the Science and Technology Enterprise Partnership (STEP).

### Curriculum 
ASMS specializes in science and mathematics but provides a broad curriculum that meets the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE) requirements. It features interdisciplinary studies for younger students and standard subjects for Year 12. Notably, the school organizes a "Field Trip Week" for practical learning experiences.

### Adventure Space/Passion Project 
For Year 10 and 11 students, ASMS offers the Passion Project (previously called Adventure Space), allowing them to explore areas such as dance, robotics, and paleontology. These projects, while not graded, offer students a chance to delve into personal interests and engage with the university environment.
Jesus, Take the Wheel

"**Jesus, Take the Wheel**" is a song by American singer Carrie Underwood from her debut studio album, *Some Hearts* (2005).

## Music video
The music video for "Jesus, Take the Wheel" was directed by Roman White.

It premiered on CMT on November 24, 2005.

The video debuted at number 18 on CMT's *Top 20 Countdown* for the week of January 5, 2006.

The video peaked at number 1 on CMT's *Top Twenty Countdown* for two consecutive weeks in March 2006.

## References
Juan Gregorio de las Heras

Juan Gualberto Gregorio de Las Heras (Buenos Aires, July 11, 1780-Santiago de Chile; February 6, 1866), an Argentine soldier, was a member of the Andes Army that participated in the wars of independence of Chile and Peru from the Spanish royalists and was governor of the Province of Buenos Aires. Later he led groups that opposed Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas in his exile in Chile.
Rustlers' Rhapsody

'''''Rustlers' Rhapsody''''' is a 1985 American western comedy movie directed by Hugh Wilson. It stars Tom Berenger, G.W. Bailey, Marilu Henner, Andy Griffin, Fernando Rey, Sela Ward, Patrick Wayne, Jim Carter, Paul Maxwell and Christopher Malcolm. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and was a box office failure.

## Other websites
*
Mital-U

**mital-U** is a record label from Switzerland. It started in 1996 by Bruno Waser. Some of the artists on the label are Crazy, Grauzone, The Vyllies, and mittageisen.

## History 
In 1980, Bruno Waser produced the first Swiss punk LP (Crazy). Then, he produced more records for the band Crazy and the dark-wave band mittageisen.

In 1991, Bruno released a compilation CD for Crazy. In 1994, he released an album for mittageisen called alles ist anders ... nichts hat sich geändert (everything is different ... nothing has changed).

In 1995, Bruno saw that the Internet could be good for sharing independent music. So, he started mital-U. In the following years the indie label produced records for bands like Grauzone, mittageisen, and The Vyllies.

mital-U also released music videos like Eisbär by Grauzone (2011) and automaten by mittageisen (2015). They're also involved in video projects about alternative music and subcultures.

## Artists 
mital-U works or has worked with these artists:

* Crazy
* Toini
* mittageisen
* Grauzone
* The Vyllies
* mev2 (mittageisen v2)

## References
Polypedates subansiriensis

'''Subansiri's tree frog'* (*Polypedates subansiriensis'') is a frog.  It lives in India.

Scientists saw this frog near a river, 1550 meters above sea level.

## First paper
*

## References
Edward B. Titchener

**Edward B. Titchener** (1867-1927) was a prominent figure in the field of psychology, best known for his role in developing structuralism, a school of thought that aimed to understand the basic elements of human consciousness. Born in Chichester, England, Titchener's intellectual pursuits led him to become a key figure in the early days of experimental psychology in the United States.

## Life and early career 
Titchener began his academic journey at Malvern College in England before crossing the Atlantic to further his studies at Cornell University in the United States. Under the mentorship of the renowned psychologist Wilhelm Wundt, Titchener delved into the world of experimental psychology. He later earned his doctorate at Leipzig University, solidifying his foundation in the emerging field.

In 1892, Titchener returned to Cornell as a professor, where he would leave an indelible (inerasable) mark on the landscape of psychology. Throughout his career, he exhibited a passion for understanding the intricacies of the human mind through systematic observation and experimentation.
### Structuralism and Titchener's approach 
Titchener's most significant contribution to psychology lies in his development and promotion of structuralism. This school of thought aimed to analyze the fundamental components of conscious experience, breaking it down into its basic elements or "structures." Titchener believed that by identifying and understanding these elements, one could comprehend the complexities of the mind.

To explore these mental structures, Titchener relied heavily on introspection, a method where individuals would reflect on their thoughts and experiences. Subjects were asked to describe their sensations, feelings, and perceptions in response to specific stimuli, allowing Titchener to build a systematic framework for understanding the mind.

### Legacy and criticisms 
Despite its influence, structuralism faced criticisms, and Titchener's reliance on introspection drew skepticism from other psychologists. The approach's subjectivity and the challenge of replicating findings limited its impact on the broader field. Titchener's death in 1927 marked the decline of structuralism, giving way to other psychological perspectives.

While structuralism may not dominate contemporary psychology, Titchener's contributions paved the way for the development of psychological theories and methodologies. His dedication to the scientific exploration of the mind continues to be recognized and studied, making Edward B. Titchener a notable figure in the history of psychology.

## References
Niagara Falls (Chicago song)

"**Niagara Falls**" is a 1987 song by Chicago. It was the fourth single from their 15th studio album *Chicago 18* and only made number 91 in the United States.

## References
Temporary Home

"**Temporary Home**" is a 2009 song by country artist Carrie Underwood and is the second single from her third studio album *Play On*. It went to number 41 in the United States and number 65 in Canada. It also went to number 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011.

## Music video
The music video for "Temporary Home" was directed by Deaton-Flanigen.

It premiered on CMT on February 4, 2010.

It made history on CMT's Top Twenty Countdown for being at number one for consecutive eight weeks.

## References
Happy New Year (song)

"**Happy New Year**" is a 1980 song by ABBA. It was taken from their seventh studio album *Super Trooper*. It originally had a very limited release as a single in December. A Spanish-language version was released under the title "**Felicidad**". That version went to the top 5 in Argentina and Uruguay.

The song was covered by the A-Teens. The English-language version was released in late 1999 for the new millennium. It went to number 27 in Sweden, number 15 in the Netherlands, number 20 in Norway and number 75 in Germany.

## References
West Midlands Combined Authority

The **West Midlands Combined Authority** (**WMCA**) is a combined authority for the West Midlands metropolitan county in the United Kingdom. It was established by statutory instrument under the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009. It is a strategic authority with powers over transport, economic development and regeneration. The authority formally came into being on 17 June 2016.

There are seven indirectly elected members, who are councillors from the seven West Midlands county local authorities, as well as the Mayor of the West Midlands, who is directly elected by the county's residents.

## Local authorities in the West Midlands county 
* Birmingham City Council
* City of Wolverhampton Council
* Coventry City Council
* Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council
* Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council
* Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council
* Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council
There are also ten local authorities from outside the West Midlands county who have fewer rights

## References
Mayor of the West Midlands

The **Mayor of the West Midlands** is a directly elected political post who chairs the West Midlands Combined Authority..

The first election was on Thursday 4 May 2017. Andy Street, the first Mayor, was originally due to hold office for three years, with the second election for the post taking place in May 2020. That was delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so his term was extended by a year. The second term length was reduced to three years between 2021 and 2024. The Mayor's term of office will return to four years from 2024 thereafter.

## References
Moroccans

**Moroccans** () are the citizens and nationals of the Kingdom of Morocco. The country's population is predominantly composed of Amazigh (the indigenous people of North Africa), and Arabs, who arrived in Morocco in the 7th century during the Islamic conquests. Notable Berber tribes in Morocco include the *Baranis* and the *Masmuda*, while Arab tribes include the ''Banu Ma'qil* and the *Rahamna*.

Moroccans speak Berber varieties which make 26% of the population of Morocco, either as a first language or bilingually with Arabic. Three different Berber dialects are spoken: Tarifit, spoken by 1.27 million mostly in the Rif mountains, Shilha, spoken by 3 to 4.5 million mostly in the Anti-Atlas mountains, and Central Atlas Tamazight, spoken by 2.3 million mostly in the Middle Atlas. 

Almost all Moroccans follow the religion of Islam. According to *WorldAtlas'', 30% of Moroccans are non-denominational Muslims, while two-thirds belong to the Sunni denomination. Other minority religions include Christianity, Judaism and Bahá'ísm.

Culturally, Moroccans practice the folklore equestrian tradition of tbourida.

## References
Red Lenses

"**Red Lenses**" is a 1984 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush. It is the seventh track from their 10th studio album *Grace Under Pressure*. In the album's liner notes and lyrics are in lower case only.

## References
Tristichopteridae

**Tristichopteridae** is a family of tetrapodomorphs from the Middle and Late Devonian. Some of them share some of the features of the elpistostegalians. The most well-known is probably *Eusthenopteron*.

A classic notion is that *Eusthenopteron* was able to crawl onto land using its fins. However, no evidence believes this and is believed by many to be false.

## Description 
These fish were large, and some species could exceed three meters. The smallest forms (*Tristichopterus*) attained lengths of 30 cm, and the largest forms (*Hyneria*) could grow several meters long.

The pelvis had long, tapering pubic branches that met in a cartilaginous symphysis. The ventral fins contained the femur, tibia, and fibula. The lobed pectoral fins were usually robust. Tristichopterids had large, flat heads with sharp teeth.

## Taxonomy 
* *Cabonnichthys*
* *Canningius*
* *Edenopteron*
* *Eusthenodon*
* *Eusthenopteron*
* *Heddleichthys*
* *Hyneria*
* *Jarvikina*
* *Langlieria*
* *Mandageria*
* *Notorhizodon*
* *Platycephalichthys*
* *Tristichopterus*

## Some images 
Here is a gallery of a few members of the Tristichopteridae:
*]]
*]]
*]]
*]]

## References 
* Thomson, K. S. (1968). "A new Devonian fish (Crossopterygii: Rhipidistia) considered in relation to the origin of the Amphibia". *Postilla*. 124.
1920 Revolution Brigades

The **1920 Revolution Brigades** were a Sunni militant group in the country of Iraq mainly made up of members of the former members of the Iraqi army from the rule of Saddam Husayn (l.a). The group was established by former members of the Iraqi army in 2003 at the start of the invasion of Iraq by US forces. The group used explosives and attacked members of the United States Armed Forces and  Kata'ib Hezbollah (n.a) The group was named after the Iraqi Revolt of 1920.

## Organization split 
On March of 2007, somem mebers of the brigades broke off the group to create Hamas of Iraq. In a speech issued on the 18th of March 2007, the 1920 Revolution Brigades announced that it had split into two seperate brigades *Islamic Conquest* and *Islamic Jihad*. Islamic Jihad renamed itself as the Twentieth Revolution Brigades while Islamic Conquest renamed itself Hamas of Iraq.

## References
Happy Channel (Romanian TV channel)

**Happy Channel** is a television channel, which is based in Bucharest, Romania. Launched on 15 January 2006, it is a part of the Intact group, formerly owned by the businessman and politician Dan Voiculescu.

The television channel is dedicated to women and their families, being in direct competition with the Acasă TV channel.

## Original series 
## Celebrities 
* Carmen Tănase
* Anca Țurcașiu
* Cristina Ciobănașu
* Vlad Gherman
* Raphael Tudor
* Carmen Brumă
* Irina Margareta Nistor

## Shows 
* *Dreptul la fericire* (2016)
* *Happy Day* (2016-2017)
* *CulTour* (2018-2022)
* *Happy Cafe* (2023-present)

## Series 
## Other websites 
* Official website for the channel
ZU TV

**ZU TV** is a Romanian music television channel, owned by Intact Media Group, the largest Romanian media group.

ZU TV was launched on July 1, 2013 online as ZU Channel broadcasting non-stop music. From April 3, 2014, the channel launched on TV under its current name, replacing GSP TV.

In November 2022, ZU TV changed its format, from a general channel to a music channel.

## Shows
*ZU News
*Eat, Sleep, ZU Repeat
*ZU Most Wanted
*ZU Party Romanian Tour
*BIG IN
*K-Pop
*Celebrity Playlist
*ZUnrise
*Face 2 Face

## Other websites
*
Turkana County

**Turkana County** is a Kenyan County found in the Northwestern part of the nation. Its surface area is about 77,000 square kilometers, or 29729 square miles. It's population is about 1,000,000. It has an average of 13 people per square km. This makes it the largest county in Kenya. Some of the largest cities found here are Lodwar, Kakuma, Lokichogio, and Lokichar. Sorghum is some kind of food, almost like wild, native cereal. Other important businesses include livestock, crop farming, fishing, weaving, and tourism. 

## History 
In prehistoric times, huntergathers from Sudan decided to live by Lake Turkana. (Those huntergathers came from Ethiopia. The first humans came from that country). They found it just east of what is now Turkana. Some battles using simple fighting tools took place there. These are such as clubs and arrows. One important battle is the second known battle in the world, Nataruk. These fights were mostly fought over natural resources near Lake Turkana. And ever since then, as communities and geopolitics of today's world shapes the way of living there.   

## Tourism 
Nature tours are maybe the best things to do in Turkana County. Here's a list of places that takes a large part in the touring industry in Turkana.  
File:Lake Turkana Central Island.jpg|Lake Turkana 
File:Great Rift Valley (53285644294).jpg|Great Rift Valley 
File:View Of Lake Turkana From Eliye Springs Hotel Resort.JPG|Eliye Springs 
File:Oudsberg omgeving.jpg|Mount Kulal 
File:Flamingo in elementaita.jpg|Lake Elementeita 
File:WV banner Sibiloi Natoinal Park National Museums of Kenya hq.jpg|Sibiloi National Park 
File:LakeTurkanaSouthIsland.jpg|South Island National Park 

## References
Gina Prince-Bythewood

**Gina Maria Prince-Bythewood** (born June 10, 1969 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American movie director and screenwriter. Prince-Bythewood started her career as a writer for several television series. These include *CBS Schoolbreak Special*. For that, she was nominated for two Daytime Emmy Awards.

Prince-Bythewood directed the movie *Love & Basketball* for which she received an Independent Spirit Award. She also directed the comic book movie *The Old Guard* from 2020.

## References
Artful Dodger (character)

**Jack Dawkins** also known as The Artful Dodger is a fictional character from Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens.

## Role in the Book 
The Artful Dodger is the best pickpocket that Fagin ever taught. He convinces Oliver Twist to come live with Fagin and later runs away when Oliver is caught by the police. When Fagin finds out about this and gets angry, Dodger takes out a knife but Fagin grabs it out of Dodger’s hand and beats Dodger up though he stops when Bill Sikes comes. Dodger is later arrested for petty theft and sent away to Australia.
Fagin

**Fagin** is a fictional character created by Charles Dickens for his book Oliver Twist. Fagin is based on Ikey Solomon.

## Role in the Book 
When Oliver Twist runs away, The Artful Dodger tells him that he knows someone who won’t make him pay any money because Dodger knows him. The person turns out to be a Jew named Fagin who is a greedy person. Fagin teaches the kids to steal but Oliver doesn’t know this until he sees The Artful Dodger and Charley Bates steal and then run away. Fagin beats up The Artful Dodger since he’s afraid that Oliver will tell the police about him.

Fagin then sends his sidekick Bill Sikes and Bill’s prostitute girlfriend Nancy to kidnap Oliver.  Fagin tries to beat up Oliver but Nancy stops him. Fagin tells Oliver that if he tells the police about Fagin’s crimes then Fagin will have him killed. 

It later turns out that a man named Monks hired Fagin to make Oliver a thief before Oliver turns twelve but not kill him so after Oliver escapes, Fagin plans to kidnap him. When Fagin finds out from a child spy named Noah Claypole that Nancy wants to rescue Oliver, Fagin tricks Sikes into thinking Nancy has talked to the police about him so Sikes gets angry and kills her.  

When Monks finds out about the murder, he panics and tells the police everything so they arrest Fagin. When Oliver visits Fagin in jail, Fagin is scared and begs Oliver to help him escape.  Fagin is later hanged.  

## Allegations of Anti-Semitism 
Because Fagin is Jewish and a villain, Charles Dickens was sometimes said to be Anti-Semitic. Dickens said that he only made Fagin Jewish because Ikey Solomon was Jewish and he felt guilty enough about Fagin that he later wrote another book called Our Mutual Friend with a Jewish character called Ridah who is a good guy and complains about Anti-Semitism.
Ilmari

**Ilmari** is a Finnish (first name or) given name, for males. It is a short form of Ilmarinen, a mythological smith in the Kalevala. 

## People
*Ilmari Aalto (d. 1934), Finnish painter
*Ilmari Auer (d. 1965), Finnish politician 
*Ilmari Juutilainen (d. 1999), Finnish fighter pilot 
*Ilmari Hannikainen (d. 1955), Finnish composer
*Ilmari Kianto (d. 1970), Finnish poet
*Ilmari Keinänen (d. 1934), Finnish gymnast and Olympic medalist
*Ilmari Niemeläinen (d. 1951), Finnish diver, architect and Olympic competitor
*Ilmari (Keisuke Ogihara, born 1976), member of the Japanese hip hop group Rip Slyme
*Ilmari Oksanen (d. 1977), Finnish footballer
*Ilmari Pakarinen (d. 1987), Finnish gymnast and Olympic medalist 
*Ilmari Pernaja (d. 1963), Finnish gymnast and Olympic medalist
*Ilmari Pitkänen (born 1990), Finnish ice hockey player 
*Ilmari Rahm (d. 1939), Finnish chess player
*Ilmari Saarelainen (born 1944) Finnish actor  
*Ilmari Salminen (d. 1986), Finnish track and field athlete and Olympic medalist
*Ilmari Salomies (d. 1973), Finnish former archbishop of Turku, and the spiritual head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
*Ilmari Solin (d. 1976), Finnish chess player
*Ilmari Susiluoto (d. 2016), Finnish political scientist, professor and political advisor
*Ilmari Taipale (d. 2008), Finnish long-distance runner and Olympic competitor
*Ilmari Tapiovaara (d. 1999), Finnish designer
*Ilmari Turja (d. 1998), Finnish journalist and playwright
*Ilmari Unho (d. 1961), Finnish actor, film director and screenwriter
*Ilmari Vartia (d. 1951), Finnish fencer and Olympic competitor 
*Ilmari Vesamaa (1d. 1973), track and field athlete and Olympic competitor
*Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (d. 1973), Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize recipient

## Cognates
*Ilmar, a similar, Estonian masculine given name
*Ilmārs, a similar, Latvian masculine given name

## References
Bridgetown, Virginia

**Bridgetown** is an unincorporated community in Northampton County, Virginia, United States.

Hungars Church, Vaucluse, Westerhouse House, Winona, and Chatham are places in the city. They are all listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## References
Polypedates assamensis

The **Assam whipping frog** (*Polypedates assamensis*) is a frog.  It lives in India.  People have seen it between 100 and 585 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog in forests. People have seen it on smaller woody plants near pools. The tadpoles swim in the pools.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place.

## First paper
*

## References
Antena 3 CNN

**Antena 3 Cable News Network**, known as **Antena 3 CNN**, formerly **Antena 3** (), is a Romanian news channel owned by Antena 3 S.A. and part of the Intact Media Group. it focuses on news programmes and current events, mainly with political and economic topics. It was launched on June 27, 2005 as the third Romanian 24-hour news channel, after Realitatea TV being the first television channel launched in 2001 and N24 being the second television channel launched in 2004, which was later transformed into a generalist television channel in 2010.

## Other websites
* Antena 3 CNN official website (in Romanian)
2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference

The **2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP16)** [was] a conference in 2024. *COP* means conference of the parties; Earlier there was a *COP15*; It was the 15th conference of its kind.

Background: There was an earlier conference where a monitoring framework was agreed upon. That framework should allow the progress of the countries towards national goals and targets under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to be evaluated.

## History
On 11 December 2023, Colombia, through its Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development Susana Muhamad, officially offered to host the  event from 21 October to 1 November 2024.

In February 2024, Cali said it will hold the biodiversity conference.

The UNCBD notified Parties on 31 July 2023 *Turkeys’ decision to withdraw from hosting and presiding over the sixteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity because of the three destructive earthquakes that occurred in February 2023*.

## References
## Other websites
Questions 67 and 68

"**Questions 67 and 68**" is a 1969 debut single by Chicago. It was taken from their debut studio album *Chicago Transit Authority*. It went to number 71 in the United States, number 79 in France, number 54 in Canada and went to number 24 in the United States when it was re-released in 1971.

## References
Cry Pretty

***Cry Pretty*** is the sixth studio album by country artist Carrie Underwood. It was released on September 14, 2018 through Capitol Nashville. It went to number 1 in the United States and Canada, number 16 in the United Kingdom, number 12 in Scotland, number 32 in New Zealand, number 4 in Australia, number 40 in Ireland, number 46 in the Netherlands and number 36 in Switzerland.

## Track listing
Track listing and credits adapted from *Rolling Stone* and the iTunes Store. All songs produced by Carrie Underwood and David Garcia, except "The Champion", produced by Jim Jonsin.

## References
Lower Austrian Football Association

The **Lower Austrian Football Association** (Germanː NÖFV-Niederösterreichische Fußballverband) is the leading body of football in the federal state of Lower Austria.
## History 
On 16 May 1911, the association was founded as the Lower Austrian Football Association (NFV). Also the  Viennese clubs belonged  zo the association because Vienna was a part of Lower Austria. The first championship started in September 1911, with eleven Viennese clubs taking part. SC Rapid became the first champions.   The championship already had mandatory kick-off times and there were relegation games between the first and second tiers. 

After the First World war and the end of the monarchy  Vienna remained the capital of Lower Austria. After lengthy discussions, the “Separation Act” was passed at the end of 1921 and Vienna became its own federal state on 1January  1922. This was also important for the Association. On 15 February 1923 it was divided into the Vienna Football Association and the Lower Austrian Football Association.

## Lower Austrian leagues
;Man

;Women

;Youth
In the youth sector there are championships for U7 to U18 teams.

;Lower Austrian Cup 
The Lower Austrian Football Association also organizes a cup competition. There is no cup competition for women in Lower Austria.
## Teams in the different leagues 
**Men**
*  Bundesliga
** no team
*  2. Liga
** FC Admira Wacker Mödling
** SKU Amstetten
** SV Horn
** SKN St. Pölten
** SV Stripfing
* Regionalliga Ost
** SCU Ardagger
** Kremser SC
** SV Leobendorf
** FC Marchfeld Donauauen
** FCM Traiskirchen
**Women**
* ÖFB Frauen-Bundesliga
** USV Neulengbach
** SKN St. Pölten Frauen
* 2. Liga
** SKV Altenmarkt
** SV Horn
## References
Blackjack County Chain

"**Blackjack County Chain**" is a 1967 song written by Red Lane. It was recorded by Willie Nelson after it was rejected by Charley Pride. It went to number 21 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles charts.

## References
Beer for My Horses

"**Beer for My Horses**" is a 2003 song by singers Toby Keith and Willie Nelson. It was taken from Keith's seventh studio album *Unleashed*. It went to number 22 in the United States and topped the country singles chart. It was adapted into a movie in 2008.

## Notes
Damn Strait

"**Damn Strait**" is a 2021 song by country singer Scotty McCreery and is the second single from his fifth studio album *Same Truck*. It went to number 32 in the United States and number 56 in Canada. It also went to number 6 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles charts and number 2 on the Canadian Country charts. It pays tribute to country singer George Strait.

## References
Bernardino Rivadavia

**Bernardino de la Trinidad González Rivadavia** (May 20, 1780 – September 2, 1845) was the first President of Argentina, then called the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, from February 8, 1826 to June 27, 1827. He was born in Buenos Aires on May 20, 1780. Rivadavia resigned and was succeeded by Vicente López y Planes.
Peter Arshinov

**Peter Arshinov** (1887–1937) was a Russian anarchist and historian. 

## Life
Peter Arshinov was born in 1887. He was from a working class Russian family. During the Russian Revolution of 1905, Arshinov joined the Bolsheviks and published their newspaper. He then moved to Ukraine and became an anarchist. He carried out terrorist attacks, including bombings and assassinations. He was arrested and imprisoned in Moscow. In prison, he met the Ukrainian anarchist Nestor Makhno and became his teacher.

After the 1917 Revolution, Arshinov and Makhno were released from prison. Makhno returned to Ukraine, while Arshinov stayed in Moscow. When Makhno's Insurgent Army beat the Central Powers, Arshinov went to Ukraine and joined Makhno. Arshinov established the Nabat, a Ukrainian anarchist organisation. Arshinov also edited the Makhnovshchina's newspaper *The Road to Freedom*.

Arshinov witnessed the Insurgent Army's conflict with both the Red and White armies. In 1921, he went into exile in Berlin. There he wrote his *History of the Makhnovist Movement*. In 1925, he moved to Paris and established the magazine *Delo Truda*. He co-wrote the *Organisational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists*, which called for anarchists to be more organised. The *Platform* was controversial and Arshinov was accused of authoritarianism. In the 1930s, Arshinov left the anarchist movement and became a communist. He moved to the Soviet Union, where he was killed in the Great Purge.

## References
## Bibliography
* 
*
Kanal D (Romania)

**Kanal D Romania** (short form of **Kanal Doğan**) is a nationwide television channel in Romania and a part of Doğan Holding, which is owned by the Turkish media tycoon Aydın Doğan. The channel was launched on 18 February 2007. In 2012, Kanal D Romania was ranked in the top three channels in Romania. Kanal D Romania is also being in the first place with many of its television programs in prime-time, such as Turkish television series and Turkish soap operas.

In 2016, in Prime Time (20:00 - 24:00), Kanal D ranked second in the top TV channels in Romania, both in the All Urban target (an increase from 2015 of +21%) and National (an increase from 2015 of +26%). Kantar Media (2015-2016), target: All Urban și Național, Prime Time: 20:00 – 24:00

## Shows 
* *Știrile Kanal D*
* *ROVentura*
* *Jocul cuvintelor*
* *Sport, dietă și o vedetă*
* *Roata norocului*
* *Casa Iubirii*
* *În căutarea adevărului*
* *40 de întrebări cu Denise Rifai*
* *Asta-i România!*
* *Eu cu cine rămân?*
* *Hai că poţi!*
* *Follow us*
* ''''

## Other websites
*
Prima Sport

**Prima Sport** is a Romanian network of sports channels owned and operated by the media group Clever. The package includes four channels called Prima Sport 1, Prima Sport 2, Prima Sport 3, Prima Sport 4, and Prima Sport 5. It was launched in 2011, under the name Transilvania L!VE and after other names, the channels became **Prima Sport** on April 19, 2022.

## Shows
* *Fotbal All Inclusive*, hosted by Radu Banciu.
* *Fotbal Show*, a football talk show, hosted by Vlad Măcicășan, Mădălin Negoiță and Cristian Jacodi as executive producer.
* *Prima Motors*, with Alexandru Cocu.
* *Notele lui Banciu*, with Radu Banciu and Vlad Măcicășan (weekly show).
* *Nimic despre offside*, with Emil Grădinescu and Cristi Costache.

## Sport competitions
*  Liga I
*  Liga II
*  Cupa României
*  Supercupa României
*  UEFA Champions League
*  UEFA Europa League
*  UEFA Europa Conference League
*  UEFA Super Cup
*  UEFA Youth League
*  La Liga
*  Segunda División
*  Copa del Rey
*  Bundesliga
*  2. Bundesliga
*  DFL-Supercup
*  Serie A
*  Süper Lig
*  Belgian First Division A 
*  Saudi Pro League
*  Coupe de France 
* Best of the Best Kickboxing
* Formula One
* Formula Two
* Formula Three
* Porsche Supercup
* MotoGP
* World Men's Handball Championship
* World Women's Handball Championship
*  European Men's Handball Championship
*  European Women's Handball Championship
*  EHF Champions League
*  EHF European League
*  EHF European Cup
*  Women's EHF Champions League
*  Women's EHF European League
*  Women's EHF European Cup
*  UEFA Futsal Champions League
*  Basketball Champions League
*  Liga Națională de Rugby
*  Romanian Superliga (water polo)
*  Liga Națională (men's basketball)

## Other websites
* Official website
Hyneria

***Hyneria*** is an extinct genus of big lobe-finned fish that lived in the late Devonian. The genus name comes from the village of Hyner, Pennsylvania, which is near where the first specimen was found. *Hyneria* would've been as long as around 2 to 4 meters in length, and would've weighed around 2 tons. It swam in rivers.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Hyneria  at Devonian Times
Antena Stars

**Antena Stars** is a Romanian television channel. It started broadcasting on 9 April 2007

On 16 December 2013 the television station changed its name from **Antena 2** to **Antena Stars**.

## Other websites
*AntenaStars.ro
Polypedates iskandari

***Polypedates iskandari*** is a frog.  It lives in Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, China, Laos, and India.  People have seen it between 0 and 1008 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog in forests, places where the forest was cut down and grew back, farms, towns, and gardens. The tadpoles swim in puddles, ponds, and other bodies of water.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place and because it is good at living places that humans have changed.

## References
Grand Prix motorcycle racing

**Grand Prix motorcycle racing** is the highest class of motorcycle road racing events held on road circuits sanctioned by the  **International Motorcycling Federation** (*Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme) or* (**FIM**) . Independent motorcycle racing events have been held since the start of the twentieth century and large national events were often given the title Grand Prix. The foundation of the *Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme* as the international governing body for motorcycle sport in 1949 provided the opportunity to coordinate rules and regulations in order that selected events could count towards official World Championships. It is the oldest established motorsport world championship.
Jake Dennis

**Jake Dennis** (born 16 June 1995) is a British racing driver who lives in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. He currently competes in the Formula E with Andretti Global. He also currently serves as a development driver for the Red Bull Racing Formula One team and is a BMW Factory driver. He is the 2022–23 Formula E world champion.
2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference

The **2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference** or **Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change** (UNFCCC), which most people call **COP29**, is the 29th United Nations Climate Change conference.

Mukhtar Babayev will be the president of the conference: he is a government minister and used to work for Azerbaijan's national oil company SOCAR.

## Complaints 
Some people say that having COP29 in Azerbaijan is a bad thing because the government does bad things to people, like putting journalists in prison and political corruption. But other people say that, because lots of foreign people will be looking at Azerbaijan during COP29, the government will be embarrassed about doing bad things to people. and is just pretending to care. Azerbaijan gets a lot of money by selling oil and gas to other countries.

### No women at first, in the climate committee of COP29 
The conference's committee had 28 people at first, all men. After Christiana Figueres, the Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, and other people complained, another two men and eleven women were added.

## Related pages
*Kyoto Protocol
*Conference of the parties (or COP)

## References
Național 24 Plus

**Național 24 Plus** is a Romanian free-to-air channel, owned by Centrul Național Media, which is a trust owned by Micula Brothers.

Until January 7, 2010, it was named as N24 and it was a 24-hour news channel. It was named as N24 Plus from January 7, 2010 until October 1, 2011, when it became Național 24 Plus. The idents of Național 24 Plus are identic with the idents of Național TV used from 2003 to 2004.

Național 24 Plus broadcasts Indian television series, news, documentaries, music videos, children's television programs and lifestyle television programs. It is the sister channel of Național TV, a generalist television channel, also owned by Centrul Național Media.

## Programming
### Indian series
*Kasautii Zindagii Kay
*Jamai Raja
*Sasural Simar Ka
*Saath Nibhaana Saathiya
*Uttaran

### Other programming
*Știri
*Sport
*Meteo
*Un nou mod de viață
*Actul 2
*Doza de Frumusețe și Stil
*Euroferma
*Sed Lex
*Baronii
*Vouă
*Biography of America
*American Cinema
*Framework for Democracy
*Istoria petrolului din România
*Profesii, cariere
*Videoclipuri Național FM
*Nino şi Maria
*Albumul național
*

## Other websites
*Official Site
NDTV

conducting an interview (2011)]]
**New Delhi Television Ltd (NDTV)** is an Indian television news media company founded by economist *Prannoy Roy* and journalist *Radhika Roy* in 1984. They both are husband and wife from the city of Kolkata, West Bengal.

## References
## Other websites
*
Realitatea Plus

**Realitatea Plus** (meaning "The Reality Plus") is an all-news channel launched on 16 January 2015 that took the place of Realitatea TV. Its owners are Romanian politician Cozmin Guşă and businessman Maricel Păcuraru.

## History
Realitatea Plus was launched on 16 January 2015.

On 1 November 2019, Realitatea Plus replaced the defunct all-news channel Realitatea TV on RCS & RDS. The original channel had its license revoked the previous day.

## Other websites 
* Official Site
B1 TV

**B1 TV** is a Romanian television network which began broadcasting in 2001 as a general-profile channel and became a news channel in 2011. B1 TV broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week all over the country.

## Other websites
* Official website
Atomic TV

**Atomic TV** (stylized as **Atomic.** and simply known as **Atomic**) is a Romanian television network launched on 20 November 2021 as an online livestreaming channel, and on 23 November 2021 as a television channel. The channel primarily airs music made in Romania from the 90s and 2000s, but also music from 2010s.

The channel is a revival of the original Atomic TV channel launched on 3 February 1999, rebranded as TV K Lumea on 26 June 2004, sold to SBS Broadcasting Group and rebranded as Kiss TV in 2006.
Povel Ramel

**Povel Ramel** (1 June 1922 – 4 June 2007), was a Swedish entertainer, composer, singer, actor and author.

## Biography 
### Early life 
Ramel was born in Stockholm to Märta Tesch and Karl Ramel. His parents died due to a car crash in 1937, and then Ramel lived with his aunt while he studied. When he was 17 years old, he directed and wrote his first revue. The same year he was on a trip to London where the British music inspired him, with artists like Harry Roy and Billy Cotton.

### Early career 
Povel Ramel did get a little bit famous when the singer Alice Babs did a cover on *Vårt eget Blue Hawaii*, which Ramel had written. The real breakthrough was in 1944, when his work *Johanssons Boogie Woogie vals* got very popular. A year later Per-Martin Hamerg hired him to the biggest radio station in Sweden. There Ramel did humorous programs. He also met his future wife, Susanna Ramel, when he worked for the radio station. The reviewers in the local newspaper didn't like Ramel's jokes and songs, but the listeners liked him.

In 1969, the whole area Knäppupp used to work at was demolished, and soon after Knäppupp's activity stopped. Their last revue was *De sista entusiasterna* from 1968.

In spring 2007 Ramel had emergency heart problems and had to get a pacemaker. A month later he got more sick again, and he died 4 June, 2007.

## After death 
Shortly after Povel's death, his fan-club *Povel Ramel-sällskapet* was founded. This was on 13 October 2008. In 2022, a statue of Ramel in bronze, designed by Lasse Åberg, was built. Now it stands outside *Cirkus* in Stockholm.

## Other works 
Ramel has a career as an author and in 1945, he published his first book *Från Asar till Wasar*. His career as an actor has lasted for long, for more than 50 years.

### Select bibliography 
* *Från Asar till Wasar* (1945)
* *Min galna hage* (1957)
* *Lingonben* (1978)
* *Min ordkynniga penna* (1987)
* *Följ mig bakåt vägen* (1992)
* *Som om inget hade hänt* (1999)

### Select filmography 
* *Tre söner gick till flyget* (1945)
* *Ung och kär* (1950)
* *Puck heter jag* (1951)
* *Oss fakirer emellan* (1951)
* *I dur och skur* (1953)
* *I rök och dans* (1954)
* *Hoppsan!* (1955)
* *Ratataa* (1956)
* *Kortknäpp* (1957)
* *Den store amatören* (1958)
* *Falsk som vatten* (1985)
* *Tarzan* (1999)

### Karamelodikt-scholarship 
In 1983, Ramel invented the Karamelodikt-scholarship, in Sweden known as *Karamelodikt-stipendiet*. It is handed out every year to Ramel's honor.

## References
2025 Formula 2 Championship

The **2025 FIA Formula 2 Championship** is a planned motor racing championship for Formula 2 cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The championship will be the fifty-eighth season of Formula 2 racing and the eighth season run under the FIA Formula 2 Championship moniker. It is an open-wheel racing category serving as the second tier of formula racing in the FIA Global Pathway. The category will be run in support of selected rounds of the 2025 Formula One World Championship. As the championship is a spec series, all teams and drivers competing in the championship will run the same car, the new Dallara F2 2024.

## Entries 
The following teams are scheduled to compete in the 2025 Formula 2 Championship. As the championship is a spec series, all teams will compete with an identical Dallara F2 2024 chassis with a V6 turbo engine developed by Mecachrome. All teams will compete with tyres supplied by Pirelli.

### Team changes 
Hitech Grand Prix and Toyota Gazoo Racing's TGR-DC junior programme will form a new collaboration in 2025, entering under the *Hitech TGR* guise.

## Race calendar 
The championship is scheduled to visit the same 14 destinations as the year before.

## References
Pacific Bell

The **Pacific Bell Telephone Company** (or simply **Pacific Bell**) is an American telephone company and Internet service provider. The name *Pacific Bell* (as of 2002) is no longer used for marketing although the company still exists. It does business as AT&T Inc. Pacific Bell operates in the U.S. state of California.

Pacific Bell began as the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company. The network was also operated in California, Oregon, and Washington until the late 1960s. Pacific Bell was later owned by the Pacific Telesis Group from 1984 to 1996 or 1997. Pacific Telesis disappeared in the late 1990s. From then on, it was owned by SBC Communicatons along with its subsidiary Nevada Bell.

The *Pacific Bell* and *Nevada Bell* names went stopped being used from 2002 to 2003 or 2004 because doing business as names were not in effect yet. So Nevada Bell and Pacific Bell changed their corporate name to SBC. The names were later resurrected in 2003 or 2004 and now do business as the "new" AT&T..

## References