June 20

## Events 
### Up to 1950 
*451 &ndash; The Battle of Chalons, Flavius Aetius' victory over Attila the Hun.
*1214 &ndash; University of Oxford receives its charter.
*1605 &ndash; Tsar Feodor III of Russia is murdered.
*1631 &ndash; The sack of Baltimore: the Irish village of Baltimore was attacked by Algerian pirates.
*1667 &ndash; Pope Clement IX is elected.
*1685 &ndash; Monmouth Rebellion: The Duke of Monmouth declared himself King of England at Bridgwater.
*1756 &ndash; English garrison imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
*1782 &ndash; The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.
*1789 &ndash; Deputies of the French Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath
*1791 &ndash; The Flight to Varennes began.
*1819 &ndash; The US vessel *Savannah* arrives at Liverpool. She is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, most of the journey was made under sail.
*1837 &ndash; Queen Victoria succeeds to the British throne.
*1840 &ndash; Samuel Morse receives a patent for the telegraph.
*1862 &ndash; Barbu Catargiu is assassinated in Romania.
*1863 &ndash; West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
*1877 &ndash; Alexander Graham Bell installs world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton Ontario.
*1884 &ndash; The Pentre Ifan Neolithic site in Pembrokeshire, west Wales, gets the special status of a "Scheduled Monument".
*1887 &ndash; Victoria Terminus, the busiest railway station in India, opens in Bombay.
*1893 &ndash; Lizzie Borden is found innocent of murdering her stepmother and father.
*1895 &ndash; The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula in Northern Germany, is officially opened.
*1900 &ndash; In China, the Boxer Rebellion begins.
*1919 &ndash; 150 die at the Teatro Yaguez fire, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
*1921 &ndash; Workers of the Buckingham and Carnatic Mills in Chennai, India, begin a four-month strike.
*1939 &ndash; Benny Goodman's *Song School* ends its radio series.
*1940 &ndash; World War II: Italy begins 
*1943 &ndash; The Detroit race riots break out.
*1944 &ndash; World War II: The Battle of the Philippine Sea finishes, with a decisive US Naval victory.
*1944 &ndash; Continuation War: The Soviet Union demands the unconditional surrender of Finland, which the Finnish government refuses.
*1945 &ndash; The United States Secretary of State approves the transfer of Wernher von Braun and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to the US.
*1948 &ndash; *Toast of the Town*, later *The Ed Sullivan Show*, debuts.

### 1951 &ndash; 2000 
*1954 &ndash; 1954 FIFA World Cup: West Germany loses a group game 8-3 to the Hungary national football team, which they go on to beat 3–2 in the final.
*1956 &ndash; A Venezuelan Super-Constellation crashed in Atlantic Ocean off Ashbury Park, New Jersey killing 74 people
*1959 &ndash; A rare June hurricane strikes Canada's Gulf of Saint Lawrence, killing 35 people.
*1960 &ndash; Independence of Mali and Senegal.
*1963 &ndash; "Hotline" established between Soviet Union and United States.
*1966 &ndash; Canada sells 336 million bushels of wheat to Soviet Union.
*1969 &ndash; Jacques Chaban-Delmas becomes Prime Minister of France.
*1973 &ndash; Ezeiza massacre in Buenos Aires – Snipers fire on left-wing Peronists, killing 13 people.
*1976 &ndash; The Czechoslovakia national football team defeats the West Germany national football team to win UEFA Euro 1976.
*1977 &ndash; Menachem Begin becomes Prime Minister of Israel.
*1977 &ndash; Oil begins to flow through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS).
*1979 &ndash; ABC News correspondent Bill Stewart is shot dead by a Nicaraguan soldier under the regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle.
*1980 &ndash; Roberto Duran starts his classic boxing trilogy with Sugar Ray Leonard by defeating him in Canada by a decision in 15 rounds, to gain the WBC world Welterweight championship.
*1981 &ndash; Iran is taken over by what is now known as the Islamic Republic of Iran after two and a half years of intimidation.
*1982 &ndash; Jacky Ickx wins the 24-hour motor race at Le Mans, France.
*1990 &ndash; Asteroid Eureka is discovered.
*1991 &ndash; German parliament decides to move the capital city from Bonn back to Berlin.
*1992 &ndash; Estonia takes the Kroon as its national currency.
*1994 &ndash; In Mashad, Iran, a bomb attack on a mosque kills 26 people and injures 80.
*1995 &ndash; In Kenya the *Safina* political party is founded by Richard Leakey and opposition activists.

### From 2001 
*2001 &ndash; Pervez Musharraf becomes President of Pakistan
*2001 &ndash; Andrea Yates drowns her children in a bathtub and admits the crime. She was later sentenced to life in prison.
*2003 &ndash; Formation of Wikimedia Foundation is announced.
*2009 &ndash; In Tehran, student Neda Agha-Soltan is shot dead. As it happened during post-election protests, she becomes a symbol of the Iranian opposition.
*2010 &ndash; Juan Manuel Santos is elected President of Colombia.
*2012 &ndash; Antonis Samaras becomes Prime Minister of Greece, after a second election in the space of six weeks, during the country's economic crisis.
*2013 &ndash; At 1 p.m., the 3-hour PSI reading in Singapore reached record levels once again with a reading of 371 in the *Hazardous* range, as Singapore experienced its worst haze to date.
*2014 &ndash; 2014 FIFA World Cup: Costa Rica secures a place in the second round after beating Italy 1–0, from a group also containing England and Uruguay. It is one of the surprises of the tournament.
*2019 &ndash; Iran shoots down a US surveillance drone over the Strait of Hormuz; US President Donald Trump later admits to having ordered a strike on Iran which he later cancelled.
*2019 &ndash; Boris Johnson and Jeremy Hunt become the final two candidates for the leadership of the British Conservative Party and the post of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
*2025 &ndash; A violent EF5 tornado in Enderlin, North Dakota becomes the first EF5-rated tornado in twelve years in the United States.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1005 &ndash; Ali az-Zahir, Egyptian caliph (d. 1036)
* 1389 &ndash; John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (d. 1435)
* 1469 &ndash; Gian Galeazzo Sforza, consort of Isabella of Naples (d. 1496)
* 1566 &ndash; Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Sweden (d. 1632)
* 1583 &ndash; Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
* 1634 &ndash; Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy (d. 1675)
* 1642 &ndash; George Hickes, English theologian and writer (d. 1715)
* 1647 &ndash; John George III, Elector of Saxony (d. 1691)
* 1717 &ndash; Jacques Saly, French sculptor (d. 1776)
* 1723 &ndash; Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher and historian (d. 1816)
* 1737 &ndash; Tokugawa Ieharu, Japanese shogun (d. 1786)
* 1753 &ndash; Antoine de Rivarol, French writer (d. 1801)
* 1754 &ndash; Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1832)
* 1756 &ndash; Joseph Martin Kraus, German composer (d. 1792)
* 1760 &ndash; Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, British statesman (d. 1842)
* 1763 &ndash; Wolfe Tone, Irish lawyer and independence campaigner (d. 1798)
* 1771 &ndash; Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, Scottish philanthropist (d. 1820)
* 1778 &ndash; Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, French statesman (d. 1832)
* 1786 &ndash; Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, French writer (d. 1859)
* 1819 &ndash; Jacques Offenbach, German-French composer (d. 1880)
* 1832 &ndash; Benjamin Bristow, American politician (d. 1896)
* 1833 &ndash; Leon Bonnat, French painter (d. 1922)
* 1858 &ndash; Charles W. Chesnutt, American writer (d. 1932)
* 1860 &ndash; Alexander Winton, Scottish automobile designer and racer (d. 1932)
* 1860 &ndash; Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer and footballer (d. 1932)
* 1861 &ndash; Frederick Gowland Hopkins, English chemist, won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1947)
* 1862 &ndash; Marco Praga, Italian playwright (d. 1929)
* 1869 &ndash; Lucy Kemp-Welch, English painter (d. 1958)
* 1872 &ndash; George Carpenter, 5th General of the Salvation Army (d. 1948)
* 1875 &ndash; Reginald Punnett, British geneticist (d. 1967)
* 1884 &ndash; Johannes Heinrich Schultz, German psychiatrist (d. 1970)
* 1887 &ndash; Kurt Schwitters, German painter and writer (d. 1948)
* 1889 &ndash; John S. Paraskevopoulos, Greek-South African astronomer (d. 1951)
* 1891 &ndash; John A. Costello, Irish Taoiseach (d. 1976)
* 1891 &ndash; Giannina Arangi-Lombardi, Italian soprano (d. 1951)
* 1896 &ndash; Wilfrid Pelletier, Canadian conductor, pianist, composer and arts administrator (d. 1982)
* 1897 &ndash; Elisabeth Hauptmann, German writer (d. 1973)
* 1897 &ndash; Jimmy Driftwood, American folk musician and songwriter (d. 1998)
* 1899 &ndash; Jean Moulin, French resistance leader (d. 1943)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Juan Evaristo, Argentine footballer (d. 1978)
* 1905 &ndash; Lillian Hellman, American playwright (d. 1984)
* 1906 &ndash; Bob King, American high jumper (d. 1965)
* 1907 &ndash; Jimmy Driftwood, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (d. 1998)
* 1909 &ndash; Errol Flynn, Australian-American actor (d. 1959)
* 1913 &ndash; Lilian Jackson Braun, American writer (d. 2011)
* 1913 &ndash; Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, Spanish royal, father of King Juan Carlos I of Spain (d. 1993)
* 1915 &ndash; Terence Young, British screenwriter and director (d. 1994)
* 1916 &ndash; Jean-Jacques Bertrand, 21st Premier of Quebec (d. 1973)
* 1917 &ndash; Helena Rasiowa, Polish mathematician (d. 1994)
* 1920 &ndash; Man Mohan Adhikari, Nepalese politician (d. 1999)
* 1920 &ndash; Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambican political activist (d. 1969)
* 1923 &ndash; Jerzy Nowak, Polish actor (d. 2013)
* 1923 &ndash; Peter Gay, German-American historian, educator and writer (d. 2015)
* 1924 &ndash; Chet Atkins, American guitarist and producer (d. 2001)
* 1924 &ndash; Fritz Koenig, German sculptor (d. 2017)
* 1924 &ndash; Rainer Barzel, German politician (d. 2006)
* 1925 &ndash; Audie Murphy, American soldier, actor and songwriter (d. 1971)
* 1925 &ndash; Doris Hart, American tennis player (d. 2015)
* 1926 &ndash; Giovanni Viola, Italian footballer (d. 2008)
* 1927 &ndash; Simin Behbahani, Iranian poet (d. 2014)
* 1927 &ndash; Josef Posipal, German footballer and manager (d. 1997)
* 1928 &ndash; Jean-Marie Le Pen, French far-right politician
* 1928 &ndash; Martin Landau, American actor (d. 2017)
* 1928 &ndash; Eric Dolphy, American jazz musician (d. 1964)
* 1929 &ndash; Edgar Bronfman, Sr., Canadian-American businessman (d. 2013)
* 1929 &ndash; Edith Windsor, American LGBT rights activist ad technological manager at IBM (d. 2017)
* 1930 &ndash; Magdalena Abakanowicz, Polish sculptor and artist (d. 2017)
* 1931 &ndash; Olympia Dukakis, American actress (d. 2021)
* 1932 &ndash; Robert Rozhdestvensky, Russian poet (d. 1994)
* 1933 &ndash; Danny Aiello, American actor
* 1933 &ndash; Dai Dower, Welsh boxer (d. 2016)
* 1933 &ndash; Brett Halsey, American actor
* 1934 &ndash; Sergio Balanzino, Italian diplomat, former Secretary-General of NATO.
* 1934 &ndash; Graham Leggat, Scottish footballer
* 1934 &ndash; Wendy Craig, English actress
* 1935 &ndash; Armando Picchi, Italian footballer (d. 1971)
* 1936 &ndash; Billy Guy, American singer (d. 2002)
* 1937 &ndash; Phil Skoglund, New Zealand lawn bowls player (d. 2015)
* 1938 &ndash; Joan Kirner, Australian politician, 42nd Premier of Victoria (d. 2015)
* 1939 &ndash; Konrad Spindler, German prehistorian (d. 2005)
* 1940 &ndash; John Mahoney, English-American actor (d. 2018)
* 1941 &ndash; Stephen Frears, British actor, director, producer
* 1941 &ndash; Ulf Merbold, German physicist and astronaut
* 1942 &ndash; Brian Wilson, American musician (The Beach Boys)
* 1945 &ndash; Anne Murray, Canadian singer
* 1945 &ndash; Jean-Claude Izzo, French writer (d. 2000)
* 1945 &ndash; Shekhar Mehta, Kenyan rally driver (d. 2006)
* 1946 &ndash; Lars Vilks, Swedish sculptor, artist and activist
* 1946 &ndash; Xanana Gusmao, former President of East Timor
* 1948 &ndash; Ludwig Scotty, former President of Nauru
* 1948 &ndash; Cirilo Flores, American bishop (d. 2014)
* 1948 &ndash; Alan Longmuir, Scottish musician and actor (Bay City Rollers) (d. 2018)
* 1949 &ndash; Lionel Richie, American singer and musician
* 1950 &ndash; Nouri al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Tress MacNeille, American voice actress
* 1952 &ndash; John Goodman, American actor
* 1952 &ndash; Vikram Seth, Indian poet
* 1952 &ndash; Larry Riley, American actor
* 1952 &ndash; Mabel Rivera, Spanish actress
* 1953 &ndash; Ulrich Mühe, German actor (d. 2007)
* 1954 &ndash; Michael Anthony, American musician (Van Halen)
* 1954 &ndash; Allan Lamb, South African-English cricketer
* 1954 &ndash; Ilan Ramon, Israeli astronaut (d. 2003)
* 1958 &ndash; Barbara Rosenkranz, Austrian politician
* 1958 &ndash; Chuck Wagner, American actor
* 1959 &ndash; Chris Williams, African-American actor
* 1960 &ndash; John Taylor, British musician ("Duran Duran")
* 1963 &ndash; José Basualdo, Argentine footballer
* 1964 &ndash; Pierfrancesco Chili, Italian motorcycle racer
* 1964 &ndash; Silke Möller, German athlete
* 1966 &ndash; Boaz Yakin, American screenwriter and director
* 1967 &ndash; Nicole Kidman, Australian actress
* 1967 &ndash; Angela Melillo, Italian actress, model, singer and television personality
* 1968 &ndash; Mateusz Morawiecki, Polish politician, Prime minister of Poland 
* 1969 &ndash; Paulo Bento, Portuguese footballer and manager
* 1970 &ndash; Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco
* 1970 &ndash; Andrea Nahles, German politician
* 1971 &ndash; Josh Lucas, American actor
* 1971 &ndash; Jeordie White, American musician
* 1972 &ndash; Craig Thomson, Scottish football referee
* 1973 &ndash; Chino Moreno, American singer-songwriter and musician

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Juliano Belletti, Brazilian footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Frank Lampard, English footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Quinton Jackson, American mixed martial artist and actor
* 1979 &ndash; Masashi Motoyama, Japanese footballer
* 1980 &ndash; Carlo Festuccia, Italian rugby player
* 1980 &ndash; Vignir Svavarsson, Icelandic handball player
* 1981 &ndash; Brede Hangeland, Norwegian footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Aleksei Berezutski, Russian footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Vasili Berezutski, Russian footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Example, English rapper
* 1982 &ndash; George Forsyth, Peruvian footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Josh Childress, American basketball player
* 1984 &ndash; Hassan Adams, American basketball player
* 1985 &ndash; Souleymane Mamam, Togolese footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Luca Cigarini, Italian footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Itumeleng Khune, South African footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Alexey Korolev, Kazakhstani ski jumper
* 1987 &ndash; Paweł Rogaliński, Polish journalist
* 1987 &ndash; Asmir Begovic, Bosnia and Herzegovina footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Shefali Chowdhury, British actress
* 1989 &ndash; Javier Pastore, Argentine footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Christopher Mintz-Plasse, American actor
* 1990 &ndash; Ding Ning, Chinese table tennis player
* 1990 &ndash; Iselin Solheim, Norwegian singer
* 1991 &ndash; Rick ten Voorde, Dutch footballer
* 1993 &ndash; Sead Kolasinac, Bosnia and Herzegovina footballer
* 1996 &ndash; Majid Hosseini, Iranian footballer
* 1997 &ndash; Maria Lark, Russian-American actress
* 1997 &ndash; Jordan Larsson, Swedish footballer
* 1998 &ndash; Jadin Gould, American actress
* 1999 &ndash; Yui Mizuno, Japanese singer and model

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
*451 &ndash; Theodorid, King of the Visigoths
*537 &ndash; Pope Silverius
*840 &ndash; Louis the Pious, King of the Franks, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 778)
*1176 &ndash; Mikhail of Vladimir
*1597 &ndash; Willem Barentsz, navigator (b. 1550)
*1605 &ndash; Tsar Feodor II of Russia (b. 1589)
*1668 &ndash; Heinrich Roth, German scholar (b. 1620)
*1776 &ndash; Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (b. 1704)
*1787 &ndash; Karl Friedrich Abel, German composer
*1810 &ndash; Axel von Fersen the Younger, Swedish statesman (b. 1755)
*1820 &ndash; Manuel Belgrano, Argentine lawyer and politician (b. 1770)
*1837 &ndash; King William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1765)
*1840 &ndash; Pierre Claude Francois Daunou, French statesman (b. 1761)
*1847 &ndash; Juan Larrea, Argentine politician and businessman (b. 1782)
*1862 &ndash; Barbu Catargiu, Romanian politician (b. 1807)
*1869 &ndash; Hijikata Toshizo, Japanese military leader (b. 1835)
*1870 &ndash; Jules de Goncourt, French writer (b. 1830)
*1888 &ndash; Johannes Zukertort, German chess player (b. 1847)
*1891 &ndash; Mihail Kogalniceanu, Romanian historian, writer and journalist (b. 1817)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
*1909 &ndash; Friedrich Martens, Estonian–Russian diplomat, lawyer and historian (b. 1845)
*1925 &ndash; Josef Breuer, Austrian psychologist (b. 1842)
*1929 &ndash; Emmanuel Benakis, Greek merchant and politician (b. 1843)
*1933 &ndash; Clara Zetkin, German politician and feminist (b. 1857)
*1940 &ndash; Jehan Alain, French organist and composer (b. 1911)
*1945 &ndash; Bruno Frank, German writer (b. 1878)
*1945 &ndash; Luis Fernando de Orleans y Borbon, Spanish prince (b. 1888)
*1946 &ndash; Wan Rong, last Empress of China (b. 1906)
*1947 &ndash; Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (b. 1906)
*1947 &ndash; Howard Mason Gore, 17th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1877)
*1952 &ndash; Luigi Fagioli, Italian racing driver (b. 1898)
*1958 &ndash; Kurt Alder, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
*1965 &ndash; Bernard Baruch, American financier and politician (b. 1870)
*1966 &ndash; Georges Lemaitre, Belgian theologian and astrophysicist (b. 1894)
*1976 &ndash; Lou Klein, American baseball player (b. 1918)
*1979 &ndash; Bill Stewart, American journalist (b. 1941)
*1995 &ndash; Emil Cioran, Romanian-born French philosopher and essayist (b. 1911)
*1997 &ndash; Lawrence Payton, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1938)
*1998 &ndash; Conrad Schumann, East German borderguard, most famous escapee from East Germany (b. 1942)
*1999 &ndash; Clifton Fadiman, writer (b. 1902)

### From 2001 
*2001 &ndash; Gina Cigna, Italian-French opera singer and dramatic soprano (b. 1900)
*2002 &ndash; Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (b. 1905)
*2002 &ndash; Tinus Osendarp, Dutch sprinter (b. 1916)
*2003 &ndash; Bob Stump, U.S. Congressman from Arizona (b. 1927)
*2005 &ndash; Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer (b. 1923)
*2009 &ndash; Neda Agha-Soltan, Iranian student (shot), symbol of the resistance to Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (b. 1982)
*2010 &ndash; Roberto Rosato, Italian footballer (b. 1943)
*2011 &ndash; Ryan Dunn, American television star and stuntman (b. 1977)
*2012 &ndash; Judy Agnew, wife of Spiro Agnew (b. 1920)
*2013 &ndash; Ingvar Rydell, Swedish footballer (b. 1922)
*2014 &ndash; Oberdan Cattani, Brazilian footballer (b. 1919)
*2014 &ndash; Jaroslav Walter, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1939)
*2015 &ndash; Elson Floyd, American educator (b. 1956)
*2015 &ndash; Angelo Niculescu, Romanian football manager (b. 1921)
*2015 &ndash; Takanonami Sadahiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1971)
*2015 &ndash; François Delapierre, French politician (b. 1970)
*2015 &ndash; Esther Brand, South African athlete (b. 1922)
*2015 &ndash; William Brantley Aycock, American educator (b. 1915)
*2016 &ndash; Frank Chapot, American equestrian (b. 1932)
*2016 &ndash; Rich Olive, American politician (b. 1949)
*2016 &ndash; Ernesto Maceda, Filipino politician (b. 1935)
*2016 &ndash; Edgard Pisani, French politician (b. 1918)
*2016 &ndash; Chayito Valdez, Mexican-American folk singer and actress (b. 1945)
*2017 &ndash; Sergei Mylnikov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1958)
*2017 &ndash; Prodigy, American rapper (b. 1974)
*2017 &ndash; Fredrik Skagen, Norwegian writer (b. 1936)
*2018 &ndash; Ken Albiston, Australian rules football player (b. 1926)
*2018 &ndash; Dante Caputo, Argentine politician (b. 1943)
*2018 &ndash; Peter Thomson, Australian golfer (b. 1929)
*2018 &ndash; Bill Hendon, American activist, writer and politician (b. 1944)
*2018 &ndash; Ernie Hunt, English footballer (b. 1943)
*2018 &ndash; Sándor Kányádi, Hungarian poet and translator (b. 1929)
*2018 &ndash; Bill Speakman, British soldier (b. 1927)
*2019 &ndash; Eddie Garcia, Filipino actor, director and television personality (b. 1929)
*2019 &ndash; Rubén Suñé, Argentine footballer (b. 1947)
*2019 &ndash; Mark Warawa, Canadian politician (b. 1950)

## Observances 
* World Refugee Day
* Flag Day (Argentina)
* West Virginia Day
* In Leap years: Northern Summer solstice and Southern Winter solstice

## References