open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Carlos Finlay

**Carlos Juan Finlay** (December 3, 1833 – August 20, 1915) was a Cuban physician and scientist who started the interest in yellow fever research.

## Early life and education
Finlay was born Juan Carlos Finlay y Barres, in Puerto Príncipe (now Camagüey), Cuba. His family is of French and Scottish heritage. In 1853 he went to Jefferson Medical college in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He graduated in 1855. He finished his studies in Havana and in Paris. Later he moved to Havana and started a medical practice.

## Professional career
Finlay continued his work in the 1870s. He was the first to come up with the idea that a mosquito was a carrier for a disease that causes yellow fever. He discovered that the spread and cause of yellow fever was from a mosquito. The mosquito would bite a person with the disease and would then bite and infect a healthy person. A year later Finlay identified the mosquito of the genus Aedes as the insect transmitting yellow fever. His research led to the control of the mosquito population as a way to control the spread of the disease.

Dr. Finlay was a member of Havana's Royal Academy of Medical, Physical and Natural Sciences. He was fluent in French, German, Spanish, and English, and could read Latin. He was interested in a lot of things but his main interest was yellow fever. He wrote 40 articles on this disease. His theory was that an intermediary host was responsible for the spread of the disease. As a result of his work, Dr. Finlay was nominated seven times for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, but it was never awarded to him. He received the National Order of the Legion of Honour of France in 1908.

In 1990, the Walter Reed Commission confirmed what Carlos found. Reed was known to all as being the one that discovered the connection of yellow fever and the mosquito but he gave the credit to Finlay. He used Finlay's information to help with his research. Soon Finlay became the chief health officer of Cuba from 1902 to 1909.

Finlay died from heart failure caused by pneumonia in his home in Havana, Cuba.
Juan R. Cruz

Dr. **Juan R. Cruz**, Ph.D. (born January 5, 1946) is a Puerto Rican scientist who played a very important role in the design and development of the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) parachute.

## Life
Cruz was born and raised in Puerto Rico. He has a Ph.D. from Virginia Tech, and a Bachelor of Science from MIT university. Both of his degrees are in aerospace engineering. When he was at MIT he was involved with the Monarch and Daedalus human powered airplane teams.

## Work
Cruz is a senior aerospace engineer in the Exploration Systems Engineering Branch at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. He was responsible on the development of entry, descent and landing (EDL) systems for robotic and human missions in space. He was a member of the highly successful Mars Exploration Rover (MER) project that placed two rovers (machines) on the surface of Mars in 2004. The project was focused on the parachute that he designed.

According to Cruz, "There are challenges to testing these parachutes because we can not test it at exactly the right conditions. Earth's atmosphere is the one we have to work with and the Martian atmosphere, air in Mars, is very different, so you have to make adjustments in how you test the parachute".

Cruz is also a member of the Phoenix (Mars 2007), Mars Science Laboratory (Mars 2009), and Crew Exploration Vehicle EDL teams. He was a part of a lot of research on missions to Mars, including robotic airplanes
Dirk Bach

**Dirk Bach** (April 23, 1961 – October 1, 2012) was a German television comedian, actor, voice actor and moderator. He is best known as *Pepe* in the German version of Sesame Street (*Sesamstraße*).

Bach was born in Cologne, Germany on April 23, 1961 and died on October 1, 2012 in Berlin, Germany from heart failure. Bach was openly gay and had a partner, Thomas. Bach was an activist for LGBT rights.

## Television
### Movies 
* 1983: *Kiez – Aufstieg und Fall eines Luden*
* 1984: *Im Himmel ist die Hölle los / Hullygully in Käseburg*
* 1985: *Peter macht den Acker frisch!*
* 1985: *Bas-Boris Bode*
* 1988: *Krieg der Töne*
* 1989: *Im Jahr der Schildkröte*
* 1993: *Kein Pardon*
* 1995: *Nich’ mit Leo*
* 1997: *Rendezvous des Todes*
* 1998: *Frau Rettich, die Czerni und ich*
* 1999: *Zum Sterben schön*
* 2001: *Das Rätsel des blutroten Rubins*
* 2001: *Der Mann, den sie nicht lieben durfte*
* 2003: *Karlchens Parade*
* 2003: *Suche impotenten Mann fürs Leben*
* 2003: *Crazy Race*
* 2004: *Crazy Race 2 – Warum die Mauer wirklich fiel*
* 2005: *Popp Dich schlank!*
* 2005: *Urmel aus dem Eis*
* 2006: *Zwei zum Fressen gern*
* 2006: *Rock ’n’ Roll Wild Boys*
* 2006: *Crazy Race 3 – Sie knacken jedes Schloss*
* 2007: *ProSieben Märchenstunde – Des Kaisers neue Kleider*
* 2008: *African Race – Auf der Jagd nach dem Marakunda*
* 2008: *ProSieben Märchenstunde – Dornröschen*
* 2008: *Treuepunkte*
* 2008: *Tom und das Erdbeermarmeladebrot mit Honig*
* 2008: *Dornröschen*
* 2008: *Il Giardino*
* 2009: *Lauras Stern und der geheimnisvolle Drache Nian* (voice actor)
* 2009: *Oben* (voice actor)

### Shows 
* 1986: *Kir Royal*
* 1992–1994: *Dirk Bach Show*
* 1994: *Die Weltings vom Hauptbahnhof – Scheidung auf Kölsch*
* 1994: *Drei zum Verlieben*
* 1995: *Marys verrücktes Krankenhaus*
* 1996–2001: *Lukas*
* 1998: *Varell & Decker*
* 1999–2002: *Oggy und die Kakerlaken (voice actor)*
* 2000–2007: *Sesamstraße*
* 2002: *Der kleine Mönch*
* 2004–2012: *Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus!*
* 2004–2011: *Schillerstraße*
* 2006–2008: *Frei Schnauze/Frei Schnauze XXL*
* 2009: *Einfach Bach!*
* 2010: *Verbotene Liebe*
* 2011: *Die ARGE Talk Show*
* 2011: *Bauernfrühstück – der Film*

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Lissette Martinez

**Lissette Martinez** (born 1971), is the lead electrical engineer for the Space Experiment Module program at the Wallops Flight Facility, which is part of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

## Life
Martinez was born in Brooklyn, New York to Puerto Rican parents. She was raised in Yauco, Puerto Rico where her family had moved when she was still a child. In Puerto Rico she went to school from k-8th grade. When she was in 8th grade, she was given a homework assignment to study the moon which. She spent a lot of time on the roof of her house every night for a month. She wrote down and detailed everything about the moon, the way the moon looked. That report made her interested in the moon. 

## Education
After she graduated from high school, she studied at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. During her third year as an electrical engineering student she was accepted into the NASA Cooperative Education Program. She was started working at NASA right away. Martinez earned, finished, her degree in electrical engineering in 1993 and was offered a job in NASA.

## Work
Martinez was part of the team that launched a rocket from White Sands, New Mexico to gather information on the Hale-Bopp Comet, a comet. She is responsible for providing, giving electrical engineering support to Code 870 Space Experiment Module (SEM) program. She is also responsible for the testing of ground and flight hardware. Martinez works with students around the world, helping them with science experiments that will actually ride along on Space Shuttle missions and blast into space.
Martinez continues to work at Wallops Flight Facility located in Virginia. She lives with her son in Salisbury, Maryland.
Asking Alexandria

**Asking Alexandria** are a British metalcore band from York, North Yorkshire. Asking Alexandria have five members in the band; the current band members are Ben Bruce, James Cassells, Danny Worsnop, Cameron Liddell and Sam Bettley.

They released their first album *Stand Up and Scream* on September 15, 2009. Their newest album *Reckless & Relentless* was released on April 5, 2011. They will release their third studio album in 2013.

In 2012, Asking Alexandria received an 11th Annual Independent Music Award for the best metal/hardcore album for *Reckless & Relentless*.

## Band members
;Current
* Ben Bruce - lead guitar, backing vocals (2008–present)
* James Cassells - drums (2008-present)
* Cameron Liddell - rhythm guitar (2008-present)
* Sam Bettley - bass guitar (2009–present)
* Ryan Binns – keyboards, synthesizers, programming (2008, 2015-present)
* Danny Worsnop - lead vocals, keyboards, programming (2008–2015, 2016-present)

;Former
* Joe Lancaster – bass guitar (2008–2009)
* Denis Stoff - lead vocals (2015–2016)

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *Stand Up and Scream* (2009)
* *Reckless & Relentless* (2011)
* *From Death to Destiny* (2013)
* *The Black* (2016)
* *Asking Alexandria* (2017)
* *Like a House on Fire* (2020)

### Extended plays
**Life Gone Wild* (2010)
**Under the Influence: A Tribute to the Legends of Hard Rock* (2012)

### Remix albums
**Stepped Up and Scratched* (2011)

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Ramón E. López

**Dr. Ramón E. López** (born 1959) is an American scientist and writer. He is a Space Physicist. He has also been a large part of a hands-on science program in the elementary and middle grades of the Montgomery County Public School System (MCPS) in Maryland.

## Life
López was born in Illinois. His parents are from Puerto Rico. His father was a United States Army officer and surgeon. His mother an elementary school teacher. When he was a child, his father gave him a telescope as a birthday present.for his 10th birthday The Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969 caused him to be very interested in Space Physics. When he was in sixth grade, his father  from the military and his family moved to Freeport, Illinois. In Fereport,  his father started his own medical office. Lopez went to Pearl City High School. There his science teacher taught him to do a small amount of computer programming.

## Education
López began studying at the University of Illinois in 1976. He earned a B.S. in Physics in 1980.
## Science publications
Lopez has worked on many published works. These include the following:
**Predicting Magnetopause Crossings at Geosynchronous Orbit During the Halloween Storms,* Space Weather, 5, S01005, ; 2007; López, R. E., S. Hernandez, M. Wiltberger, C.-L. Huang, E. L. Kepko, H. Spence, C. C. Goodrich, and J. G. Lyon.
**Using Space Physics in Undergraduate Electromagnetism Courses;* 2007; López, R. E.
**Active Learning for Advanced Students: The Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling Graduate Summer School;* 2007; López, R. E. and N. A. Gross; .
**Field-Aligned Currents in the Polar Cap During Saturation of the Polar Cap Potential,* J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys.; López, R. E., S. Hernandez, K. Hallman, R. Valenzuela, J. Seiler, P. Anderson, and M. Hairston (2007).
**An Explanation for the Saturation of the Transpolar Potential,* submitted to J. Geophys; Hernandez, S., R. E. López, M. Wiltberger and J. G. Lyon (2007).

## References
List of cities in Turkmenistan

This is a list of the main towns and cities in Turkmenistan. Some might be listed by older, Soviet-era names and spellings. 

* Abadan
* Akdepe
* Aşgabat - Capital state
* Baýramaly
* Bäherden
* Bekibent
* Bokurdak
* Bygdaili
* Burdalyk
* Çarşaňňy
* Çagyl
* Çeşme
* Darganata
* Daşoguz
* Davaly
* Deverze
* Djachev
* Ekezhe
* Ýolöten
* Ýerbent
* Esenguly
* Garryqala
* Gazandzhyk
* Gumdag
* Gyshgy
* Gyzyletrek
* Jasga
* Kaka
* Karabogazkel
* Keneurgench
* Kerki
* Kunya Urgench
* Lekker
* Mary
* Balkanabat
* Ogryda
* Repatek
* Saragt
* Serdar (Gyzylarbat)
* Shasenem
* Tagtabazar
* Tejen
* Turkmenabat (formerly Chardzhev)
* Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnovodsk)
* Uchadzhy
Reagent bottle

A **reagent bottle** is a bottle designed to hold chemical liquids and solution for long-term . A reagent jar contains solid powder or crystals. Each bottle or jar is labelled with the name of the substance, details of the  and safety precautions. Reagent jars or bottles are kept in chemical storeroom. The reagent bottle is usually made of glass but can be made from plastic.
Al-Fatiha Foundation

The **Al-Fatiha Foundation** is an organization which advances the cause of gay, lesbian, and transgender Muslims. It was founded in 1997 by Faisal Alam, a Pakistani American, and is registered as a nonprofit organization in the United States. Imam Daayiee Abdullah is also a board member of the Al-Fatiha Foundation.

## History
The organization grew out of an internet listserve that brought together many gay, lesbian, and questioning Muslims from 25 countries, and by 1998 had developed numerous in-person chapters. Al-Fatiha has 14 chapters in the United States, as well as offices in England, Canada, Spain, Turkey, and South Africa.

The name means "the Opening" and is shared with Al-Fatiha or the first surah of the Qur'an. In the beginning of that surah, Allah is described as compassionate and merciful; the organization's founders believe that these attributes characterize Islam, rather than hatred and homophobia.

Each year, Al-Fatiha hosts an international membership retreat and conference.

## References
Jim Lampley

**Jim Lampley** (born April 8, 1949) is an American sportscaster, news anchor, movie producer, and restaurant owner. Lampley has covered 14 Olympic Games on U.S. television.

Lampley has announced Major League Baseball, the Indianapolis 500, college basketball, United States Football League, Super Bowl XIX, and boxing.

He has earned three Emmy awards.

## Olympic Coverage
*1976 Winter Olympics (play-by-play for ABC)
*1976 Summer Olympics (play-by-play for ABC)
*1980 Winter Olympics (play-by-play for ABC)
*1984 Winter Olympics (daytime host for ABC)
*1984 Summer Olympics (late-night host for ABC)
*1992 Winter Olympics (coverage for KCBS-TV)
*1992 Summer Olympics (late-night host for NBC)
*1996 Summer Olympics (late-night host for NBC)
*1998 Winter Olympics (primetime host for TNT)
*2000 Summer Olympics (cable host for MSNBC)
*2002 Winter Olympics (cable host for both MSNBC and CNBC)
*2004 Summer Olympics (daytime host for NBC and cable host for USA Network)
*2006 Winter Olympics (daytime and late-night host for NBC)
*2008 Summer Olympics (daytime host for NBC)

## References
Sixto González

**Sixto González** (born 1965) is the first Puerto Rican to be named Director of the Arecibo Observatory, the world's largest single dish radio telescope.

## Life
González was born Sixto A. González Edick in Bayamon, Puerto Rico. Soon after his birth his family moved to the city of Yabucoa. He went to school in Humacao. As a child, he would take things apart and put them back together again. From that he developed a curiosity about the world around him. He graduated with honors (very good grades) from high school.
In 1983, he traveled to Massachusetts and enrolled in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at MIT. González went back home in 1985 and enrolled, studied at the Humacao campus of the University of Puerto Rico to study physics and electronics, earning his Bachelor of Science degree in 1988. While at the university he was able to do research at the Arecibo Observatory, the world's largest single dish radio telescope.

In 1988, González enrolled in the Department of Physics and Center for Space and Atmospheric Sciences at Utah State University. He was able to base his thesis "Radar, satellite, and modeling studies of the low latitude protonosphere" from experiments he performed at the observatory. He completed his PhD in 1994.
Bill Mazer

**Bill Mazer** (November 2, 1920 &ndash; October 23, 2013) was an American sportscaster. He was the host of the first sports talk radio show in history.  It started in March of 1964 on WNBC (AM).

Bill Mazer was a color commentator and a studio host for the NHL. He did play-by-play for the NFL on CBS as well as the American Basketball Association. Mazer was also one of the voices of the Milwaukee Braves of Major League Baseball. He called golf tournaments for CBS and NBC. Then he was a sports anchor for WNEW-TV for almost twenty years. He was a host for *Sports Extra* teaming up with Lee Leonard.

He filled in for Hugh Downs on the game show *Concentration*. Then he was given his own show, *Reach for the Stars*. However, the show was quickly canceled. During the 1960s and 1970s, Mazer did much voice-over commercial work, from L&M Cigarettes, Kodak, Ford automobiles to Trident chewing gum, among many others.

Mazer won three National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association's Sportscaster of the Year awards for New York from 1964–66. Mazer was inducted into the hall of fame for both the Buffalo Broadcasters Association (1999) and the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame and Museum (1997).

Mazer died on October 23, 2013 from unknown causes at a hospital in Danbury, Connecticut, aged 92.
 
## References
Gary Bender

**Gary Nedrow Bender** (born September 1, 1940, Ulysses, Kansas) is a retired American sportscaster. Bender has worked for CBS, ABC and TNT. While working at CBS, he covered 27 different sports. His play-by-play jobs include:

*Wisconsin Badgers football
*Wisconsin Badgers basketball
*Kansas Jayhawks football
*Kansas Jayhawks basketball
*Wisconsin Athletis Association championships
*Green Bay Packers
*Milwaukee Brewers
**NFL on CBS*
**NBA on CBS*
**College Basketball on CBS*
**College Football on CBS*
**MLB on ABC*
**USFL on ABC*
**Monday Night Football*

**College Football on ABC*
**College Basketball on ABC*
*Phoenix Cardinals
**NFL on TNT*
**College Football on TBS*
**NBA on TNT*
*Phoenix Suns
*St. Louis Rams
*Tampa Bay Buccaneers preseason
*Chicago Bears
*College Football on Versus
*College Football on MountainWest Sports Network
*College Basketball on MountainWest Sports Network.

## References
Jim McKay

**James Kenneth McManus** (September 24, 1921 &ndash; June 7, 2008), better known by his professional name of **Jim McKay**, was an American television sports journalist.

McKay is best known for hosting ABC's *Wide World of Sports* (1961–1998). He covered 12 Olympic Games. He earned respect for his memorable reporting on the Munich massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

McKay covered a wide variety of special events, including horse races such as the Kentucky Derby, golf events such as the British Open, and the Indianapolis 500.

## Honors
*McKay won many awards for journalism and auto racing. McKay won the George Polk Award for his sports and news coverage of the 1972 Munich Olympics.
*McKay won over twelve Emmy Awards in his lifetime.
*In 1987, McKay was inducted into the American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame. 
*In 1988, McKay was inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame.
*In 1993, *TV Guide* named McKay the best sportscaster of the 1970s. 
*McKay was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame during its 11th induction.
*He was selected as the first Dick Schaap Award for Outstanding Journalism recipient in 2002.
*The NBC broadcast of the 2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony was dedicated to McKay, per a message at the closing of the broadcast.
*The National Collegiate Athletic Association has dedicated a scholarship for college athletes for postgraduate study in McKay's honor.

## References
Brent Musburger

**Brent Musburger** (born May 26, 1939) is an American sportscaster. He began nationally as a sportscaster with CBS. Musburger currently works for ABCSports and ESPN. He calls play-by-play on a variety of sports. These include baseball, football, basketball, tennis and golf. He has been a studio host for broadcasts of Soccer, cycling, auto racing and horse racing.

## Life
Musberger was born on May 26, 1939 in Portland, Oregon. Musberger was raised in Billings, Montana and in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Northwestern University. He has been married to Arlene Clare Sander since 1963. They have three children. He made the voice of Brent Mustanberger in *Cars 2* and in *Planes*.

## Works
Musburger's career began during the 1970s and later would announce formally with CBS until 1990. He currently works for ABC Sports and ESPN.
Here are his jobs:

## References
## Other websites
* ESPN profile
*
Natasha Gregson Wagner

**Natasha Gregson Wagner** (born September 29 1970) is an American television and movie actress from Los Angeles. She is the daughter of actress Natalie Wood. She starred in the 1992 comedy *Buffy the Vampire Slayer* alongside Kristy Swanson. She also starred in the television series *ER* for several episodes.

## Other websites 
*
Antonia Novello

**Antonia Coello Novello**, M.D., (born August 23, 1944) is a Puerto Rican physician and public health administrator. She was a vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and served as fourteenth Surgeon General of the United States from 1990 to 1993. Novello is the first woman and first Hispanic to serve as Surgeon General. Novello was married to former U.S. Navy flight surgeon and psychiatrist, Joseph R. Novello.

## Career
Novello served as Commissioner of Health for the State of New York from 1999 to 2006. 

### Public Health Service
In 1979, Novello joined the Public Health Service. Her first assignment was as a project officer at the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). From 1976, she was a pediatric (doctor for children) at Georgetown University Hospital. During her years at NIH, Novello worked on a Masters of Physical Health degree from the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. She finished her degree in 1982.

In 1986, Novello became the Assistant Surgeon General grade in the PHSCC and the Deputy Director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). In this role, she became interested in children with AIDS.

Novello was a big help in the planning of the Organ Transplantation Procurement Act of 1984. She did this when she was working at the United States Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources. 

Novello was appointed Surgeon General by President George H. W. Bush. She was the first woman and the first Hispanic to hold the position. During her time as Surgeon General, Novello focused her attention on the health of women, children and minorities, (people with little political power). She also focused on underage drinking, smoking, and AIDS. She played an important role in starting the Healthy Children Ready to Learn Initiative. She spoke out often and forcefully (very strong and loud) about illegal underage drinking, and called to the United States Department of Health and Human Services Inspector General to issue a series of eight reports on the subject.

Novello also worked to stop illegal tobacco use by young people. After leaving the position of Surgeon General, Novello stayed in the regular corps of the Public Health Service. She was assigned the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Special Representative for Health and Nutrition from 1993 to 1996. 

## Awards
In 2002, Novello was awarded the James Smithson Bicentennial Medal. She was also presented with the Legion of Merit Medal by the United States Secretary of State Colin Powell. In 2006, she was a finalist for the Hispanic Business magazine Woman of the Year Award  in the April 2006 issue.

## References
Japanese garden

) also known as the "Moss Garden", begun in 1339]]
 is a traditional kind of garden in Japan.  The garden is made to be like a small landscape.  The basic principle of a Japanese garden is to create harmony and balance.

## History
The oldest Japanese text on garden-making is *Sakuteiki* (*Records of Garden Making*). The work was based on oral traditions which were published for the first time in the 11th century.

## Types
There are many types of Japanese gardens, for example, 

* The contemplation or thinking style of garden (*kanshō*) is designed to be studied and enjoyed from one specific place. An example of a *kanshō* garden is the rock and raked gravel garden at Ryōan-ji in Kyoto.

* The stroll or walking style of garden (*shūyū*) is intended to be looked at from a path.  The garden is discovered as the viewer walks along the path. An example of a *shūyū* garden is at Ginkaku-ji in Kyoto.

* The boating or pleasure-boat style of garden (*funasobi*) is centered on a large pond.  The best views are seen from a boat in the pond.  An example of a *funasobi* gardem is at Byōdō-in at Uji, which is near Kyoto.

* Many-pleasure style of garden (*kaiyū*) has a central pond and many paths. It combines aspects of *kanshō*, *shūyū* and *funasobi* gardens.  An example of a *kaiyū* garden is at Katsura Imperial Villa.

## References
## Other websites
* Japanese Gardens at GoJapan.com 
* Japanese Gardens at Bowdoin.edu
Michele Tafoya

**Michele Tafoya** (born 1964/1965) is a sportscaster currently with NBC Sports. Her jobs include these past and present:
*Minnesota Timberwolves TV Studio Host/sideline reporter
*WCCO-TV sports anchor/reporter
*1998 Winter Olympics on CBS Late-Night Co-Host
*College Basketball on CBS lead sideline reporter
*NFL on CBS sideline reporter
*College Football on ABC sideline reporter
*College Football on ESPN sideline reporter
**Monday Night Countdown* reporter
*Monday Night Football sideline reporter
*NBA on ABC lead sideline reporter
*NBA on ESPN lead sideline reporter
*WCCO Radio Afternoon Drive Host
*NBC Sunday Night Football sideline reporter
*College Basketball on CBS play-by-play
*College Basketball on CBS Studio Host
*Tennis on CBS court reporter
*WNBA on Lifetime play-by-play
*College Football on CBS sideline reporter
**The Mike Tirico Show* co-host
*2000 Summer Olympics on NBC Rhythmic Gymnastics reporter and softball play-by-play
*College Basketball on ESPN sideline reporter
**SportsCenter:* reporter/correspondent
**Outside the Lines:* correspondent
*2012 Summer Olympics on NBC Volleyball court reporter

## References
Frank Pierson

**Frank Romer Pierson** (May 12, 1925 &ndash; July 22, 2012) was an American movie director, movie producer, and screenwriter. He was known for his works in *Dog Day Afternoon*, *Cool Hand Luke*, *A Star is Born*, ''Soldier's Girl*, and *King of Gypsies''. He won an Academy Award in 1975.

He was born on May 12, 1925 in Chappaqua, New York. He studied at Harvard College. He was married to Helene Pierson until his death. He died on July 22, 2012 in his Los Angeles, California home from natural causes, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
Barry Commoner

**Barry Commoner** (May 28, 1917 &ndash; September 30, 2012) was an American biologist, professor, and politician. He is known for his failed 1980 Presidential Election campaign for which he was nominated to the Citizens Party.

Commoner was born on May 28, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York.  He was married to Gloria Gordon until they divorced. He was later married to Lisa Feiner from 1980 until his death in 2012. He died on September 30, 2012 in his home in Manhattan, New York from natural causes, aged 95.

## References
## Other websites
* Interview with Richard Yeh of City University of New York (CUNY) Radio  
* Key Participants: Barry Commoner  - *Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement: A Documentary History*
Warren E. Burger

**Warren Earl Burger** (September 17, 1907 – June 25, 1995) was the 15th Chief Justice of the United States. He was in office from 1969 to 1986. Although Burger had conservative leanings and was considered a strict constructionist, the U.S. Supreme Court delivered many of the transformative decisions on abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation during his tenure.

Burger was born on September 17, 1907 in Saint Paul, Minnesota  and studied at the University of Minnesota and at William Mitchell College of Law. He was married to Elvera Stromberg from 1933 until her death in 1994. They had 2 children, Wade Allen Burger and Margaret Elizabeth Burger. Burger died on June 25, 1995 in Washington, D.C. from heart failure and was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*Ariens, Michael, Warren E. Burger. 
*Warren E. Burger memorial at Find a Grave.
*Oyez, Supreme Court Media, Warren E. Burger.
*Warren E. Burger at  Supreme Court Historical Society
*Supreme Court History, the Burger Court  at Supreme Court Historical Society.
Thames River (Connecticut)

]]

The **Thames River**, not to be confused with the River Thames, is a short river in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It flows south for  through eastern Connecticut.  It goes from the joining of the Yantic and Shetucket rivers at Norwich to New London and Groton.  The mouth is at the Long Island Sound. 

Two historic forts that are now Connecticut State Parks are on the mouth of the river which forms New London habor. Fort Griswold is on the eastern Groton Heights. Fort Trumbull is on the New London side.

## References
List of U.S. state fossils

Most American states have a state fossil. Many times these were selected in the 1980s. 

Some states do not have a state fossil.  

## List of state fossils
## References 
## Other websites
*www.statefossils.com: a complete list of U.S. state fossils, with informative details
Settler

]]

A **settler** is a person who has migrated to an area and made a permanent home there.  Many times the reason is to colonize the area.

Many times in history settlers live on land which used to belong to people who had lived there a long time.  These people are known as indigenous people.  Other names are natives, Aborigines or, in the Americas, Indians. This land is usually settled against the wishes of the indigenes. It is then controlled, defended and grown by force.

## Related pages 
* Conquistador
* Immigrant
* John Smith (explorer)
* John Rolfe
* Afrikaner
* Cecil Rhodes
* Warren Hastings
* Robert Clive
* John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow
* Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)
List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

Some American states have made a **state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone** Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however.

In the chart below, the year in parentheses shows when each mineral, rock, stone, or gemstone became an official state symbol or emblem.

## State by state listing
## References
Fundamental rights in the German Constitution

, Berlin]]
**Fundamental rights in the German Constitution** () are a set of rights guaranteed to the German people through their Basic Law (). The majority of the fundamental rights are contained in the Articles 1 to 19 of the *Grundgesetz* (GG). These rights are binding each of the country's constitutional institutions. In case the *Grundrechte* are violated and a remedy is denied by other courts, the Basic Law provides for an appeal to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany ().

## Related pages 
* Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany

## Notes 
## Other websites 
* English translation of the German Constitution 
* History of the *Grundrechte*
Ted DiBiase

**Theodore Marvin "Ted" DiBiase, Sr.** (born January 18, 1954) is a retired professional wrestler, manager, ordained minister and color commentator. He is signed with WWE working in their Legends program. DiBiase achieved championship success in a number of wrestling promotions, holding thirty titles during his professional wrestling career. He is best recalled by mainstream audiences for his time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), where he wrestled as **"The Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase**.

## Championships
DiBiase held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

***All Japan Pro Wrestling**
**AJPW Unified World Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Stan Hansen
**NWA United National Championship (one time)
**PWF World Tag Team Championship (two times) – with Stan Hansen
**World's Strongest Tag Team League (1985) – with Stan Hansen

***Central States Wrestling**
**NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship (two times)

***Georgia Championship Wrestling**
**NWA National Heavyweight Championship (two times)
**NWA National Tag Team Championship (two times) – with Stan Frazier (one) and Steve Olsonoski (one)

***NWA Tri-State / Mid-South Wrestling Association**
**Mid-South North American Heavyweight Championship (four times)
**Mid-South Tag Team Championship (five times) – with Matt Borne (one), Jerry Stubbs (one), Hercules Hernandez (one) and Steve Williams (two)
**NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (Tri-State version) (one time)
**NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Tri-State version) (one time) – with Dick Murdoch

***NWA Western States Sports**
**NWA Western States Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Tito Santana

***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**He was named the PWI Most Hated Wrestler of the Year in 1982
**He was ranked #**17** of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the year in the PWI 500 in 1991
**He was ranked #**32** of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
**He was ranked #**20** of the Top 100 Tag Teams of the "PWI Years" with Steve Williams in 2003

***Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
**Class of 2007

***St. Louis Wrestling Club**
**NWA Missouri Heavyweight Championship (two times)

***Texas All-Star Wrestling**
**TASW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

***World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment**
**Million Dollar Championship (two times)
**WWF North American Heavyweight Championship (one time)
**WWF World Tag Team Championship (three times) – with Irwin R. Schyster
**King of the Ring (1988)
**Slammy Award for Humanitarian of the Year (1987)
**WWE Hall of Fame (2010)

***Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards**
**Best Gimmick (1987)
**Best Heel (1987, 1988)
**Best Technical Wrestler (1981)
**Feud of the Year (1982) vs. Junkyard Dog
**Feud of the Year (1985) vs. Jim Duggan
**Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (1996)

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*Ted DiBiase's WWE Hall of Fame profile
Murad Alyan

**Murad Alyan** (born 7 December 1977) is a Palestinian football player. He has played for Palestine national team.

## International career statistics
|-
|2011||9||7
|-
|2012||0||0
|-
!Total||9||7
|}

## References
Somebody's Watching Me

"'''Somebody's Watching Me'''" is a 1984 hit song performed by American singer Rockwell with Michael Jackson behind the chorus. The song is about a person worried that somebody may be stalking him. This was released in January 1984 and has been performed by or sampled in songs of other musicians.
Valeriu Zgonea

**Valeriu Ștefan Zgonea** (b. 3 September 1967, Craiova) is a Romanian politician. He was the President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania from 2012 through 2016.

## Politics 
He is member of PDSR in 30 April 1996.
From 2001 he is vice prime minister of P.S.D. .
Mel Allen

**Mel Allen** (born **Melvin Allen Israel**; February 14, 1913 – June 16, 1996) was a sportscaster who was best known for calling games for the New York Yankees. He was also the host of *This Week in Baseball*. He started his career as the public address announcer for the Alabama Crimson Tide football before moving to the play-by-play slot. 

Allen was the voice of the Washington Senators before coming the play-by-play announcer for the New York Giants baseball. He called games for Mutual, CBS Radio, NBC, and NBC Radio. After being fired by the Yankees, he called part-time games for the Cleveland Indians and the Milwaukee Braves before the Yankees rehired him again as a TV studio host and play-by-play announcer.

Mel Allen has also called football. He called National Football League games for NBC, the Washington Redskins, and the New York Giants. He called the American Football League's Miami Dolphins as well as college football games for NBC. 

He also called college basketball games for NBC as well as *Jackpot Bowling* before being replaced by Bud Palmer.
The Wreck of the Zanzibar

***The Wreck Of The Zanzibar*** is a children's novel by Michael Morpurgo. It was first published in Great Britain by William Heinemann Publishers in 1995. The book won the Whitbread Children's Book Award in 1995.
Deșteaptă-te, române!

"**Deșteaptă-te, române!**" (, meaning "Wake up, Romanians!") is the national anthem of Romania. In the past, it has also been the national anthem of Moldova. This song has been Romania's national anthem since 1990; in the past, Romania had used five other anthems under different governments.

## History
The name of this song was first "**Un răsunet**" (meaning "An echo"). The words of the song was written by a poet from the region of Transylvania named Andrei Mureșanu during the Wallachian Revolution of 1848. Later that same year, it was published in a Romanian magazine. After hearing about the poem, a composer from the region of Wallachia named Anton Pann made a melody for it. The author Andrei Mureșanu later chose this music for his poem after he asked a church singer named Gheorghe Ucenescu to sing a melody that would fit for his song many times.

It was sung for the first time in the city of Brașov during the liberal and nationalist revolt, then right after, it became the revolutionary anthem of Romania at the time.

In the past, Romania had been under various regimes and had used a lot of different anthem. First, "Marș triumfal" was used from 1862 to 1884, when Romania was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. Then, "Trăiască Regele" was used when Romania became a monarchy, known as the Kingdom of Romania. Then when communism became a part of life in Romania, the anthems "Zdrobite cătușe", "Te slăvim, Românie!", and "Trei culori" were used, in that order. Finally, after communism in Romania came to and, "Deșteaptă-te, române!" became the country's official national anthem, and has been to this day.

## Lyrics
Only the first, second, fourth, and occasionally the last stanza (all highlighted in **bold**) are considered part of the national anthem.

### Romanian original
### English version
## Notes
## References
Israel Defense Forces History Museum

Tank]]

The **Israel Defense Forces History Museum** (**Batei HaOsef**) is a museum in Tel Aviv. It shows the history of the Israeli Defense Forces.

## Other websites 
* The museum on the IMuseum website
Design Museum Holon

**Design Museum Holon** is the first museum of design in Israel. It was opened in 2010. The museum is in Holon.

It is located in the eastern part of the new cultural area of the city of Holon (very close to Tel Aviv). This area also includes a Mediatheque (with a central library, theater, and cinematheque). Nearby is also the design faculty of the Holon Institute of Technology.

The museum opened to the public on March 3, 2010. It was the first building designed by Ron Arad.

The travel magazine Conde Nast Traveler named it one of the new wonders of the world.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Design Museum Holon
Martin Frobisher

**Sir Martin Frobisher** (1535 or 1539 &ndash; 15 November 1594) was an English seaman who made three voyages to the New World to look for the Northwest Passage. All of them landed in what is now northeastern Canada, around Resolution Island and Frobisher Bay.

On his second voyage, Frobisher found what he thought was gold ore and carried 200 tons of it home on three ships since initial assaying determined it to be worth a profit of £5.10 per ton. Encouraged, Frobisher returned to Canada with an even larger fleet and dug several mines around Frobisher Bay. He carted 1,350 tons of the ore back, but after years of smelting, it was realised that both that batch of ore and the earlier one he had taken had been worthless iron pyrite.

As an English privateer/pirate, he collected riches from French ships. He was later knighted for his service in repelling the Spanish Armada in 1588.

## References
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle

]]
**René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle**, or **Robert de La Salle** (November 21, 1643 – March 19, 1687) was a French explorer. He explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico. La Salle claimed the entire Mississippi River basin for France.
He was attacked by Joseph-Antoine le Fèbvre, sieur de La Barre, as they were rivals.
Irving Pichel

**Irving Pichel** (June 24, 1891 – July 13, 1954) was an American movie, television, radio, stage actor, and movie director. He was known for his roles in; *The Most Dangerous Game*, *Destination Moon*, *Oliver Twist*, *Tomorrow is Forever*, and *Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid*.

Pichel was born on June 24, 1891 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was one of the few actors to be blacklisted. Pichel was married to Violette Wilson. They had three children. Pichel died on July 13, 1954 in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California from heart failure, aged 63.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Irving Pichel Memorial at Find A Grave
Shikata ga nai

is a Japanese phrase and cultural concept.  The phrase means "it cannot be helped"  or "nothing can be done about it". *Shikata ga nai* implies a kind of hard work which is defined by Japanese culture.

If something happens which is beyond someone's ability to control or affect, a conventional Japanese reaction is to say "shikata ga nai".  With this phrase, someone  that a problem exists and then gets on with doing what can be done.  

## Shoganai
The phrase  is another way to say that it's useless to try to do something.

After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, *shoganai* was one of the most commonly heard expressions.

## Related pages
* Gaman (term)
* Gambaru

## References
## Other references
* *Shikata ga nai* at Buddhist Churches of America
Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)

The **Democratic Liberal Party** (; PD-L) was a conservative liberal  political party in the Romanian parliament. On 26 July 2014, The Democratic Liberal Party formed an alliance with the National Liberal Party, the alliance was named ACL.
Israeli Air Force Museum

The **Israeli Air Force Museum** is a museum dedicated to the history of the Israeli Air Force. It is located at Hatzerim Airbase near Beer Sheba.

## Other websites 
* Israeli Air Force Museum
Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum

The **Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum** (also called **The National Israeli Museum of the Sea**) is a museum in Haifa. It covers the history of Israel at sea, starting with clandestine immigration during the British Mandate of Palestine. It also includes the history of the Israeli navy.

## Other websites 
* The Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum on IMuseum
Jimmy Cefalo

**James Carmen Cefalo** (born October 6, 1956) is an American sportscaster and newscaster. He formerly played American football as a wide receiver. He was also a game show host. His jobs include these:
*Miami Dolphins play-by-play
*NFL on NBC color commentator
*College Football on NBC color commentator
*MLB on NBC Studio Host
**The Today Show* correspondent
**NBC News at Sunrise* sports anchor
*1988 Summer Olympics on NBC co-anchor
*''Cefalo's ___ Eat This Drink That Go!* Host
**PM Magazine* Host
**AM South Florida* Host
**Trump Card* Host
**Sports Snapshots* Host
*WPGLT-TV sports director/sports anchor
**Sports Jam Live''Host
Gaman (term)

is a widely used Japanese cultural concept.   The term means "enduring the seemingly unbearable with patience and dignity". The idea is often translated as "perseverance" or "patience".  *Gaman* implies a kind of hard work which is defined by Japanese culture.

*Gaman* is a passive term. It focuses on no complaints in the process of working with others.  It contrasts with an active process.

## History
The term *Gaman* first appeared in Japan as a teaching of Zen Buddhism.

After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, *gaman* was one of the most commonly heard expressions 

## Analysis
*Gaman* is a subject in writings about the Japanese-Americans and others held in  United States' internment camps during World War II.  In internment camps, *gaman* meant a kind of strength in the face of difficulty or suffering.

The term is used in writings about those who lived were harmed by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in northern Japan.

*Gaman* is the subject of academic studies.

The word *gaman* is the origin of the corollary concept of *ganbaru*.

## Related pages
* Gambaru
* Shikata ga nai

## References
## Other websites
* "The Art of Gaman: Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Internment Camps, 1942-1946" at Smithsonian Institution
Charles Davis

**Charles Davis** is a former American football player for the Tennessee Volunteers. He currently works as a sportscaster for CBS Sports. He is also the color commentator for Madden NFL.  He tried out for the Dallas Cowboys but was unable to make the team. His sportscasting jobs include these:
* NFL on CBS color commentator
* Madden NFL color commentator
* College Football on CBS color commentator
* NFL on Fox color commentator
* NBA on TNT sideline reporter
* *Clark & Davis* co-host
* AFL on NBC color commentator
* AFL on NFLN studio analyst
* BCS on NFLN color commentator
* NFL Total Access analyst
* College Football on TBS color commentator
* BCS on Fox lead color commentator
* College Football on FX color commentator
* College Football on Fox lead play-by-play
* College Football on BTN lead color commentator
* College Football Now analyst
* Atlanta Falcons preseason color commentator
* Golf Channel reporter
Michael Barkann

**Michael Barkann** (born April 30, 1960) is an American sportscaster. Barkann was born in Jersey City, New Jersey and grew up in East Brunswick.   His jobs include these past and present:
*KYW-TV sports reporter
*WLVI-TV sports director
*New England Patriots preseason play-by-play
**CSN Daily News Live* Host
*Philadelphia Phillies TV Studio Host
*Philadelphia Flyers TV Studio Host
*Philadelphia 76ers TV Studio Host
**Eagles Post Game Live* Host
**Monday Night Live* Host
**Spotlight* Host
*Tennis on USA court reporter
*Tennis on HBO court reporter
**Being John Daly* Host
*XFL on UPN play-by-play
*College Basketball on CBS sideline reporter
*College Football on CBS sideline reporter
*Olympics on CBS reporter

## References
Resident Evil 6

***Resident Evil 6*** is a survival horror video game made by Capcom for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 game consoles. It's the next game in the *Resident Evil* video game series for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The demo for Resident Evil 6 received bad reviews from IGN. The actual game itself received mixed reviews from reviewers such as GameSpot, IGN and G4.

## References
Jackie Coogan

**John Leslie "Jackie" Coogan** (October 26, 1914 – March 1, 1984) was an American movie, television, child, stage, radio, voice, silent movie actor, and comedian. He was known for his roles as The Kid in Charlie Chaplin's *The Kid* and as Uncle Fester in *The Addams Family*. A law is named after him in the state of California, "The Coogan Act".

## Early life
Coogan was born on October 26, 1914 in Los Angeles, California. He studied at the University of Southern California and at the Santa Clara University before he dropped out.

## Personal life
He was married to Betty Grable from 1937 until they divorced in 1939. He was later married to Flower Parry from 1941 until they divorced in 1943. Then he was married to Ann McCormack from 1946 until they divorced in 1951. Finally he was married to Dorothea Lampere from 1952 until his death in 1984.

### Family
Coogan has one son with Grable, one daughter with McCormack, and has a son and daughter with Lampere. His grandson is actor Keith Coogan, by his daughter Leslie.

## Death
Coogan died on March 1, 1984 in Santa Monica, California from cardiac arrest, aged 69. Coogan was later buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Photographs of Jackie Coogan
*