open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
N.W.A

**N.W.A** (an abbreviation for **Niggaz Wit Attitudes** also **Niggas With Attitude**) was an American hip hop group. Its members were Eazy-E, DJ Yella, Arabian Prince, MC Ren, Ice Cube and Dr. Dre. It was first managed by Jerry Heller.

The rap group started in 1986 in Compton, California and lasted until 1991. The group originated gangsta rap and had lyrics unique to gangsta rap that were very explicit, violent, misogynist, sexist, and racist. They made them controversial. Their controversies included being banned from many American radio stations. One of their most controversial songs was "Fuck tha Police". The song expressed anger, violence and racism towards police officers. Many people believed that N.W.A glamorized gang violence, street thugs and the violent lifestyle, among many people in Compton.

## Biographic movie 
A biographical movie was made in 2015. It is titled Straight Outta Compton, the title of one of the rap group’s songs. The movie details the formation, notable actions, and disbandment of N.W.A.

## Discography
They made 2 albums, 1 EP, and 7 compilation albums: 

### Studio albums
* Straight Outta Compton (1988)
* Niggaz4life (1991)

### EP's
* 100 Miles and Runnin' (1990)

### Compilation albums 
* N.W.A. and the Posse (1987)
* Greatest Hits (1996)
* Straight Outta Compton: N.W.A 10th Anniversary Tribute (1998)
* The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 1: 1988–1998 (1999)
* The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 2 (2002)
* The Best of N.W.A: The Strength of Street Knowledge (2006)
* Family Tree (2008)

## Notes
## References
Rinca

**Rincah**, is a small island near Komodo island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The island is famous for giant lizards called Komodo dragons. Rincah also has many other animals such as wild pigs, buffalos, and birds. The island may also be called **Rinca** and **Rindja**.

Rincah is less popular than Komodo Island, so it is an excellent place to see the Komodo Dragon in nature with fewer people around. Day trips can be arranged from Labuanbajo on Flores by small boat at the park headquarters.

## Related pages
* Komodo National Park
List of governors of Kansas

The **Governor of the State of Kansas** is the head of state for the State of Kansas. Under the Kansas Constitution, the Governor is also the head of government. The Governor is the Commander-in-Chief of the Kansas National Guard when not called into Federal use.

Kansas has had 47 governors since becoming a state.

The current governor is Laura Kelly. She started on January 14, 2019.

Since 1962, the governor lives in the governor's mansion.

## List of Governors
### Governors of Kansas Territory 
### Governors of Kansas 
## References
Manticore

**Manticores** (from Greek *martikhoras*, meaning man-eater) were creatures in Greek mythology. They had the body of a lion, a human head, and three rows of teeth similar to sharks. Although it changes from story to story, they also often had the tail of a dragon or a scorpion. Sometimes they could shoot poisonous spines from their tails. When early Greeks noticed that someone had gone missing, some said this as proof that manticores were real.
Typhon

**Typhon** (Greek Τυφῶν), also **Typhoeus**, **Typhaon**, and **Typhos**, was the final son of Gaia in Greek mythology. He attempted to destroy Zeus after Zeus imprisoned the Titans. Zeus won and sent Typhon to be trapped under Mount Etna. Typhon was the father of the Nemean lion, Cerberus, and the Gorgons. He was married to Echidna. Meanwhile, all of the Greek gods (except for Hermes and Zeus) had fled to Egypt. In Egypt, many of the gods made themselves turn into animals to hide from Typhon. They reproduced, and the Egyptian gods and goddesses were born.

**Appearance**

Typhon was a giant that was so tall that his head touched the stars. His torso was that of a man, but his legs were coils of vipers that would hiss and attack as he moved. His main head had on it 100 snakeheads who would make different sounds of animals. His eyes were glowing red and would terrify everyone who looked upon them, and he had what was called a savage jaw which would breathe fire. His body had hundreds of different wings on it and his hands were made up of 100 snake coils just like his legs.

## References
 - Greek Gods & Goddesses, February 7, 2017
Varanidae

**Varanidae** is the family of monitor lizards. The family is a group of carnivorous lizards. It includes the largest living lizard, the Komodo dragon, and the crocodile monitor. Varanidae contains the living genus *Varanus* and some extinct groups. Their closest living relatives are the anguid and helodermatid lizards.

## References
Honey (disambiguation)

**Honey** is a sweet, edible fluid produced by bees.

## Movies 
There are two movies with this name in English

* *Honey* (2010 movie), also called Bal, which won the 2010 Berlinale Golden Bear as Best Film
* *Honey* (2003 movie), starring Jessica Alba

## Fictional Characters 
* Honey Adams, a main character in the Disney Channel animated series *North Woods*
* Honey, a purple okapi and a character in the Cartoon Network series *Camp Lazlo*
Electromagnetic Pulse

An **Electromagnetic Pulse,** or **EMP,** is a burst of electromagnetic radiation (light, magnetism, electricity), and is caused by a huge release of energy. A "common" cause for an electromagnetic pulse is a nuclear explosion. A scientist named Enrique Fermi predicted that electromagnetic pulses would result from a nuclear weapon being launched. An EMP can damage electronic recording equipment and shut off digital clocks, regardless of their electronic shielding.

## Further reading 
*  21st Century Complete Guide to Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack Threats, Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic ... High-Altitude Nuclear Weapon EMP Attacks (CD-ROM)
*  Threat posed by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) to U.S. military systems and civil infrastructure: Hearing before the Military Research and Development Subcommittee ... first session, hearing held July 16, 1997 (Unknown Binding)
*  Electromagnetic Pulse Radiation and Protective Techniques
*  Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack

## Other websites
*Business Insider: Gauging The Threat Of An Electro-Magnetic Pulse Attack In The US
* GlobalSecurity.org – Electromagnetic Pulse: From chaos to a manageable solution
* Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Tempest Protection for Facilities – U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
* EMP data from *Starfish* nuclear test measured by Richard Wakefield of LANL, and review of evidence pertaining to the effects 1,300&nbsp;km away in Hawaii, also review of Russian EMP tests of 1962
* Ray, James F. (2008). FULL THREAT. Baltimore: Publish America. 
* Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding HEMP
* MIL-STD-188-125-1 
* Electromagnetic Pulse Risks & Terrorism
* How E-Bombs Work
* Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack
* NEMP and Nuclear plant
Bad (album)

***Bad*** is the seventh studio album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It was released in 1987 by Epic Records. It is one of the 20 best-selling albums of all time and the ninth best-selling album ever in the UK. 9 out of the 11 songs on the album were released as singles, 10 had music videos, and five reached number one in the US *Billboard* Hot 100. This was the most number ones an artist had ever had from one album. The album is a mixture of R&B, pop rock and soul. It was produced by Quincy Jones. *Rolling Stone* magazine put the album at number 202 in their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. The album is in the book *1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die*. *Bad* won two Grammy Awards. Jackson wanted the album to have thirty songs on it. Quincy Jones cut this down to ten. The CD release of *Bad* included "Leave Me Alone" as the eleventh song. Davitt Sigerson, of *Rolling Stone* wrote that "*Bad* is a better record than *Thriller*."

## Singles
"I Just Can't Stop Loving You" was released as the first single from *Bad*. It is a duet with Siedah Garrett. It reached number one in the US. "Bad" was released as the second single. It also reached number one. The third single was "The Way You Make Me Feel". It was *Bad*'s third number one. ''Bad's* fourth single "Man in the Mirror" was number one. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year. "Dirty Diana", *Bad's* fifth single, was also number one. "Another Part of Me" was released as the sixth single. It was the first single from the album to not be number one. It reached number eleven. "Smooth Criminal" was released as the sixth single. It reached number seven.

## Sales
In 1982 Jackson released *Thriller*. It became the best-selling album ever. Jackson wanted *Bad* to be even more successful and to sell 100 million copies. *Bad* was the second best selling album of the 1980s in the United Kingdom. It has sold over 45 million copies worldwide. This makes it the eleventh best selling album ever.

## Bad 25
*Bad 25'' was released on September 18, 2012, 25 years after the album's release. It had two CDs, the original album and a second CD with remixes and songs recorded for *Bad* that were not put on the record. A documentary film about the making of *Bad* was also released in August 2012.

## Track listing
# "Bad" (Michael Jackson) – 4:07
# "The Way You Make Me Feel" (Jackson) – 4:57
# "Speed Demon" (Jackson) – 4:01
# "Liberian Girl" (Jackson) – 3:53
# "Just Good Friends" (featuring Stevie Wonder) (Terry Britten, Graham Lyle) – 4:06
# "Another Part of Me" (Jackson) – 3:54
# "Man in the Mirror" (Siedah Garrett, Glen Ballard) – 5:20
# "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" (featuring Siedah Garrett) (Jackson) – 4:11
# "Dirty Diana" (Jackson) – 4:41
# "Smooth Criminal" (Jackson) – 4:17
# "Leave Me Alone" (Jackson) (Non LP, Cassette and digital bonus track) – 4:40

## Tour 
Jackson embarked on his Bad World Tour from 1987 to 1989 to promote the album. It was the first tour as a solo artist and became one of the highest-grossing world concert tours of the 1980s.

## References
Huntingdon College

**Huntingdon College**, founded in 1854, is a liberal arts college in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. It is known for its business and science programs. The college has recently made a football team and marching band.

## History 
Huntingdon College was first started on February 2, 1854, as "Tuskegee Female College". A decision was made in the late 19th century to move the campus to a larger city. The college, renamed the "Woman's College of Alabama" moved in 1910 to a 58 acre section of Montgomery. Several new buildings were built for the "Gothic" style of the main college building, Flowers Memorial Hall.

The college admitted its first male student in 1934 and changed its name the next year to **Huntingdon College** in honor of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, a person who supported Methodism

## Rankings
Huntingdon is ranked a fourth school by *U.S. News and World Report*. Huntingdon College is also ranked by the *Princeton Review* as one of the best liberal arts colleges in the Southeast.

## References
## Further reading 
*
*

## Other websites 
*Huntingdon College official site
Southern Gothic

**Southern Gothic** is a kind of gothic fiction, different from American literature, that usually takes place in American South. It can be  and . It is used in writing for subjects such as social issues and the culture of the American South.
Philip K. Dick Award

The **Philip K. Dick Award** is a science fiction award. It is named after science fiction and fantasy writer Philip K. Dick.  It has been awarded since 1983. Dick died in 1982. The prize is given to the best original paperback published each year in the US. It is given at the Norwescon science fiction convention every year. The Philadelphia Science Fiction Society supports the award. The Philip K. Dick Trust has supported the award since 2005. Books that have won the award have *Best Original SF Paperback* printed on their covers. 

Thomas Disch started this award with help from David G. Hartwell, Paul S. Williams, and Charles N. Brown.  David G. Hartwell and Gordon Van Gelder manage the award now. Some other people who have been in charge of the award include Algis Budrys and David Alexander Smith.

## Winners and candidates of the Philip K. Dick Award
Winning authors are listed in **bold**.
Authors of books that were given special notice or citations are listed in *italics*. The year in the table below tells the year the book was published. The award was given the next year.

## References
## Other websites
* The official award homepage
* List of the most honored Philip K. Dick Award nominees
* List of all winning and nominated novels
Diane Keaton

**Diane Keaton** (born **Diane Hall**; January 5, 1946 &ndash; October 11, 2025) was an American movie actress, director, producer, and screenwriter.

She starred in *Annie Hall*, *Looking for Mr. Goodbar*, *Manhattan Murder Mystery*, ''Marvin's Room*, *Baby Boom*, *Father of the Bride*, *Father of the Bride Part II*, *The First Wives Club* and *Something's Gotta Give''.

## Early life
Keaton was born on January 5, 1946 in Los Angeles, California. Her mother, Dorothy Deanne (née Keaton; 1921–2008), was a homemaker and amateur photographer; her father, John Newton Ignatius "Jack" Hall (1922–1990), was a real estate broker and civil engineer. Her father, from Nebraska, came from an Irish-American Catholic background, and her mother, originally from Kansas, came from a Methodist family, and had English, German, and more distant Austrian, ancestry. Keaton was raised a Free Methodist by her mother. Her mother won the "Mrs. Los Angeles" pageant for homemakers; Keaton has said that the theatricality of the event inspired her first impulse to be an actress, and led to her wanting to work on stage. She has also credited Katharine Hepburn, whom she admires for playing strong and independent women, as one of her inspirations.

## Personal life
Keaton was born in Los Angeles, California. She never married. She had two adopted children: a daughter Dexter Keaton (born 1995) and a son Duke Keaton (born 2000).

Keaton died on October 11, 2025 at a hospital in Santa Monica, California from pneumonia at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*Diane Keaton Net Worth
*
Ballistics

**Ballistics** the study of the motion of projectiles (flying objects), mainly about bullets which are fired from guns or cannon, but also about the motion of spacecrafts, motion of balls in ball games, etc. The motion of projectiles can be expressed by trajectories, which are the paths which a projectile takes. This science shows us the  and behavior of projectiles. Gun ballistics may be divided into the following four categories.
 
s.]]
* *Internal ballistics* is about the motion of projectile inside barrel (tube part of gun). This motion depends on the pressure of gas, which is created by burning gunpowder. The pressure is depends on (is related to) the amount of gunpowder in the bullet, the type of gunpowder, size of pieces of gunpowder, free space behind a bullet and outside temperature. This motion also depends on the size and weight of bullet. The most important number from internal ballistics for performance is the muzzle velocity (projectile speed from the front edge of barrel).
* *Transition ballistics* is the study about the behavior and changes in a nearby distance from the barrel. It studies the effect of gases going from a barrel behind a bullet, which are faster than bullet. These gases can affect the ballistic path, usually in a bad way.
* *External ballistics* studies the trajectory of a projectile when it is outside of the object which accelerates it (such as when a bullet leaves the barrel of the gun, from which it is fired). This trajectory depends on three ballistic conditions - the beginning speed, the angle at which the object is thrown, and the ballistic coefficient (a number, which describes the influences of the air on the object). Trajectory of a projectile is also influenced by (depends on) resistance of air, rotation of bullet, the density and pressure of the air, and the strength and direction in which the wind may be blowing. For long-distance missiles, they also have to consider the changes in the magnetic field of the Earth.
* *Terminal ballistics* is about what happens when the projectile hits something, and either comes to a stop, or bounces off the other object.

## References
## Related pages
*Ballistic coefficient
Maserati

**Maserati** is an Italian luxury car making company. It began working with the company known as Ferrari, but recently changed to a group that includes Alfa Romeo. The Maserati brothers were named Alfieri, Bindo, Carlo, Ettore, and Ernesto. Alfieri initially raced with cars from a company called Diatto, but in 1926 when they stopped being produced, Alfieri and his brothers created a company called Maserati. One of the first cars that they made (driven by Alfieri) won the 1926 Targa Florio. Alfieri died in 1932, but the three other brothers continued making the cars. Their trident logo was probably created by an artist named Mario.

Maserati also ran a Formula One racing team between 1950 and 1957, employing numerous drivers, including the five-time drivers' champion Juan Manuel Fangio.

## Other websites
* 
* Maserati Specialist
Millennials

**Millennials** (also known as **Generation Y**) are typically defined as the generation of people born from 1981 to 1996. People in this generation are sometimes called **Echo Boomers** because of the high birth rate during this period. The high birth rate almost exceeds that of the Baby Boom period after World War II.
## References
Ultrarelativistic limit

Particles which go near the speed of light are called **ultrarelativistic**.

The **ultrarelativistic limit** is the maximum velocity that a particle can move at. Albert Einstein found the equation for energy: E=mc². This means that energy is equal to a certain amount of mass. However, this is a simplified version of his equation. The longer version of his equation is E2=m2c4+p2c2. (Mathematically, if you ignore the p2c2 and take the square root of the equation, you get E=mc2). p2c2 refers to the velocity of a particle multiplied by a very large number. 

Einstein then went on to show that a particle can never achieve the speed of light, because you get a divide by zero error from the equation for kinetic energy, E_k =  m_0 ( \gamma -1 ) c^2 = \frac{m_0 c^2}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}} - m_0 c^2,.
Look at the denominator (bottom) of the equation, {\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}. "v" refers to the velocity of the particle. If its velocity reaches the speed of light (which is "c" in this equation), \frac{v^2}{c^2} will equal one, and since that would leave one minus one in the denominator, there would be a divide by zero error.

Particles which go below the speed of light (all particles which have mass) are called tardyons. Theoretical particles which go above the speed of light are called tachyons.
Hornblende

**Hornblende** is a complex series of silicate minerals.

Hornblende is not a recognized mineral in its own right, but the name is used as a general or field term, to refer to a dark amphibole.

It is an isomorphous mixture of three true minerals; a calcium-iron-magnesium silicate, an aluminium-iron-magnesium silicate, and an iron-magnesium silicate.

Hornblende has a hardness of 5–6, a specific gravity of 2.9–3.4 and is typically an opaque green, greenish-brown, brown or black color. It is most often confused with the minerals augite and biotite mica, both of which are black and can be found in granite.

## Occurrence
Hornblende is a common constituent of many igneous and metamorphic rocks such as granite, diorite, gabbro, basalt, andesite, gneiss, and schist. It is the principal mineral of amphibolites.

Very dark brown to black hornblendes that contain titanium may be called basaltic hornblende, from the fact that they are usually a constituent of basalt and related rocks.

## Etymology
The word hornblende is derived from the German *horn* and *blenden*, to 'blind' or 'dazzle'. The term *blende* is often used to refer to a brilliant non-metallic luster, for example, zincblende and pitchblende, the ore of uranium.

## Related pages
*List of minerals

## References
* Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, *Manual of Mineralogy*, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 416-7, 
*Mindat retrieved 06/21/05
*Scandinavian mineral gallery  retrieved 06/21/05
*Table Info retrieved 2/27/07
Pat Roberts

**Charles Patrick "Pat" Roberts** (born April 20, 1936 in Topeka, Kansas) is a former senator from Kansas. Before Roberts was a senator, he was a U.S. House of Representatives  and the chairman for the United States House Committee on Agriculture.

On January 4, 2019, Roberts announced that he will not seek reelection in 2020.

## References
## References
Melanie Griffith

**Melanie Griffith** (born August 9, 1957) is an American actress. She is the daughter of Tippi Hedren. She has been in many motion pictures. She is an Academy Award nominee and Golden Globe winner for her performance in the 1988 movie *Working Girl*.

## Early life
She graduated from Hollywood Professional School when she was 16 years old.

Griffith began work at nine months old in a commercial.  In *Night Moves* she did racy nude scenes at age 17.

In September 1981, Griffith married Steven Bauer. He was her co-star in the TV movie ''She's in the Army Now''. They have a son, Alexander, born on August 22, 1985. The couple divorced in 1987. Griffith later said she had problems with cocaine and liquor after her divorce from Bauer. "What I did was drink myself to sleep at night," she said. "If I wasn't with someone, I was an unhappy girl."

She checked into rehab in 1988. They divorced in 1996.

Griffith and Antonio Banderas began a relationship in May 1995 when they began filming *Two Much*. The couple has been married since May 14, 1996. Their daughter, Stella del Carmen Banderas Griffith, was born on September 24, 1996. There are reports of trouble in the marriage due to Antonio's closeness to an Indian Actress Mallika Sherawat. In June 2014, Griffith and Banderas stated that they are to divorce. The divorce was finalized in 2015.

Her father, Peter Griffith, died at age 67 on May 14, 2001.

In 1988, Griffith sought treatment for addiction to painkillers and alcohol after the filming of Working Girl. She went into rehab in 2000 for a painkiller addiction. She returned to rehab in August 2009 for substance abuse problems. She left three months later and underwent surgery for skin cancer in December 2009.

## Honors
* Named "Star of Tomorrow" by the Motion Picture Booker's Club (1984)
* Taormina International Film Festival — Diamond Award (2000)
* Cannes Film Festival — Lifetime Achievement Award (2001)

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
*
Atmospheric circulation

.]]
**Atmospheric circulation** is a large-scale movement of masses of air. The origin of these processes is the sun's radiation. The sun waves radiate the short-wave radiation. The earth absorbs only a part of this energy. The other part is radiated back to the atmosphere and to the universe. The back radiation is long-waved. The thermal energy is distributed thanks to the circulation of the air on the surface of the earth.

The details of circulation vary from year to year, but the basic climatologic structure is almost constant. We recognize 3 cells: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell and the Polar cell. The movement of air masses is influenced by coriolis force. It means that the air diverts to the west.

## Hadley cell 
The earth and ocean are intensively radiated in the equatorial areas. The hot and usually moist air rises. It is called convection. This process creates a low pressure area along the equator. The area is also called the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and rain is frequent. The hot air goes to both south and north and gets colder. When the air is cold enough, it goes down to the surface again. This creates deserts and semi-deserts of the subtropics. Reaching latitude 30 degrees, the masses of air return to the rainy equator.

## Polar cell
The air on 60 degrees of latitude is colder and drier than the air on the equator. On the other hand, the rising movements are still possible. The character of processes is similar to the Hadley cell. The warmer air goes up, and falls down on the poles. This air comes back to the equator.

## Ferrell cell
The movements between 30 and 60 degrees are more complex. Temperature is not the main reason of this circulation. The air in this temperate zone cell moves according to the differences between moving masses in Hadley and Polar cells. Prevailing winds are generally westerly.

The existence of the Ferrel cell is disputed in https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1439  and  https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cjg2.686#:~:text=The%20Ferrel%20cell%20is%20a,components%20of%20large%2D%20scale%20airflows.(https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cjg2.686#:~:text=The%20Ferrel%20cell%20is%20a,components%20of%20large%2D%20scale%20airflows.)

## Other websites
* Intertropical Convergence Zone
Firestar's Quest

'''''Firestar's Quest'''* is a teen fantasy novel in the *Warriors'' series by Erin Hunter. It focuses on a cat named Firestar, the leader of a group of cats called ThunderClan, as he goes on a quest to rebuild a lost Clan called SkyClan. He is joined by his mate, Sandstorm.

## Setting 
The story begins in a forest, but after the main character goes on a journey, he ends up at a gorge.

## Plot 
Firestar's dreams are disturbed by wailing cats and feelings of fear and sadness. He finds out that the wailing cats are SkyClan cats, a lost Clan that was chased from the forest many years ago. The Clan has been forgotten by everyone else, because it has been such a long time since it was destroyed. Firestar realizes that he must go on a quest to rebuild this Clan, and he takes his mate, Sandstorm with him.

Along the way, Firestar and Sandstorm are hit by a storm, and Sandstorm is washed away in a flood. Firestar is set behind schedule because he chooses to look for her instead of continue his journey. One he finds her, they begin their quest again, and eventually find the place where they knew they needed to go: a gorge. There, they seek out the last living descendant of SkyClan, and talk to him. His name is Sky. He tells them to look for more cats who may be descended from SkyClan, or who may be interested in joining the Clan. Those who do join are given warrior names and are taught about the way of the Clans. 

More and more cats join, and eventually, the newly rebuilt SkyClan, along with Firestar and Sandstorm, fight a gigantic swarm of rats. It is revealed that the rats are what killed off SkyClan after it left the forest many years ago. They defeat the rats, and their mission is completed. Firestar and Sandstorm leave SkyClan, knowing that its new leader, Leafstar, will lead it well.

The book ends with an epilogue that shows Firestar and Sandstorm a few months later with their two new kits, Squirrelkit and Leafkit. Leafkit is named after Leafstar.
Nemean lion

, India, 1st century.]]
The **Nemean lion** ( ''*; Latin: *Leo Nemaeus'') was a vicious monster in Greek mythology that lived at Nemea. It was eventually killed by Heracles. It could not be killed with mortal weapons because its golden fur was impervious to attack. Its claws were sharper than mortal swords and could cut through any armor.
Musado

The **musado** is a modern martial art which is divided into two branches: the **traditional musado** destined for civil persons and the **Musado MCS** (*Military Combat System*) destined for the army and the police. The term *musado* (from Korean language) means "the way of warrior". Nevertheless, the musado is a German martial art, based on the Korean arts.

The international centre of the musado is in Dortmund.

The grand master of the musado is Herbert Grudzenski (1947-September 20, 2012)  from Germany, the main instructors for the Czech Republic are Oldřich Šelenberk and Antonín Sokol.

## Traditional musado 
The traditional musado derives from Korean traditional martial arts such as taekwondo, hapkido  & Kuk Sool Won. Many of the techniques tailored more for European physical capabilities while maintaining the Korean martial arts mindset  though Grudzenski himself was also a black belt in Judo & Jujitsu.

The beginning of the musado is dated as from 1968.

## Technical levels in the traditional musado 
The traditional musado has 6 levels (1.-6. *kup*) of student which are marked by colour (see the table). Differently from the majority of the martial arts the student does not have a belt since the beginning. Only to the term of the course which lasts 2–4 months there is capacity to pass examination for the white belt.

The belts go up until ninth *dan*, *dan* is marked on the belt with Roman numeration written with golden letters. In the Czech Republic, the most graduated is Antonín Sokol (4. *dan*).

## Code of honour of the practitioners of musado 
The code of honour is a modern version of the code of ancient Korean units Hwarang.
### Oath 
* Loyalty to own country 
* Loyalty to the teaching and to the instructors, with respect to the parents  
* Confidence and fraternity among friends 
* Courage when facing an enemy 
* Never kill without cause
### Moral and ethical principles 
After taking oath the student must adhere to these moral and ethical principles (*kyohun*; Korean terms):
* *in* – humanity
* *oui* – justice
* *ye* – courtesy
* *ji* – wisdom
* *shin* – confidence
* *sum* – goodness
* *duk* – virtue
* *chung* – loyalty
* *yong* – courage

## Musado Military Combat System 
The **Musado MCS** is a military system of personal defence and of body-to-body combat, designed especially for training of the army, of the police and of other forces of security.

The musado also is used in training of the special units, for example of the units of aerial war, of the brigades of rapid reaction and of the brigades of the UNO.

In the army of the Czech Republic this system was introduced in 1993.

**Musado MCS** does not have any rules precisely given. However, with its vast extension it provides more than 4000 techniques and skills which with good mastery enable the warrior to stop an attack.

## References
## Other websites
*  Official page of the musado
*  Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic History of the musado
*  German organization of the musado
Monitor lizard

**Monitor lizards**, the genus ***Varanus***, are also known as **biawak** or **goannas**. They are members of the family Varanidae. Their closest living relatives are the anguid and *Heloderma* lizards.

*Varanus* is a genus of largely carnivorous lizards. There are about 60 species in 10 subgenera. The species cover a vast area, occurring through Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, to China, down Southeast Asia to Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, Australia and islands of the Indian Ocean, and the South China Sea. A large concentration of monitor lizards occurs on Tioman Island in the Malaysian state of Pahang. Some are now found in South Florida, particularly in the Everglades. 

Monitor lizards  have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. The species include the largest living lizard, the Komodo dragon, and the crocodile monitor.

Most monitors are terrestrial, but arboreal and semi-aquatic

## References
Phan Thanh Giản

**Phan Thanh Giản** or **Phan Thanh Jan**(潘淸簡, 1796 - 1867) was a Vietnamese politician, diplomat and historian. He was Vietnam's diplomat in France, the war.

## Book 
* 《欽定越史通鑑綱目》
Lancia Thema

The **Lancia Thema** is a car produced by Lancia. It replaced the Lancia Gamma in 1984, and were replaced by the Lancia Kappa in 1994.

## Engines 
* *2.0 i.e. 8V* 83 kW (113 hp), 85 kW (116 hp) and 88 kW (120 hp)
* *2.0 i.e. 16V* 104 kW (141 hp), 108 kW (147 hp) and 114 kW (155 hp)
* *2.0 i.e. 8V Turbo* 110 kW (150 hp) and 122 kW (166 hp)
* *2.0 i.e. 16V Turbo* 133 kW (181 hp) and 151 kW (205 hp)
* *2850 V6 i.e. 12V* 108 kW (147 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)
* *3000 V6 i.e. 12V* 128 kW (174 hp)
* *3.0 V8 32V 8.32* 151 kW (205 hp) and 158 kW (215 hp)
* *2.4 TD* 74 kW (101 hp)
* *2.5 TD* 85 kW (116 hp)
Silversun Pickups

**Silversun Pickups** is an American indie band from Los Angeles, California. Silversun Pickups has four members in the band; the current band members are Brian Aubert, Nikki Monninger, Joe Lester, Christopher Guanlao.

## Career 
The band was formed by four friends and was originally called, **A Couple of Couples** but was changed to Silversun Pickups because it was an off licence across from the Silverlake Lounge and near their house at Sunset and Silverlake Blvds in Los Angeles. The band currently has Brian Aubert on Vocals and guitar, Nikki Monninger on bass and vocals, Chris Guanlao on drums and Joe Lester on keyboards, samples and sound manipulation. 

## Band members 
;Current
*Brian Aubert – guitar/Vocals 
*Nikki Monninger – bass guitar/vocals 
*Chris Guanlao – drums 
*Joe Lester – keyboards/samples/sound manipulation 

;Former
*Jack Kennedy - Rhythm Guitar
*Elvira Gonzalez - Drums

## Discography 
So far as of 2011, Silversun Pickups has released 4 EPs and two albums.

### Albums
**Carnavas* (2006)
**Swoon* (2009)

### EPs
**Pikul* (EP) (2005)
**Remixes* (2007)
**Live Session* (2007) (iTunes Exclusive)
**The Tripwire Session: Live in Chicago* (2007)

## Other websites 
* Official website
Tube worm

A **tube worm** is a worm-like sessile invertebrate which anchors its tail to an underwater surface. It creates a mineral tube around its body, and can withdraw the body into it.

Tube worms are found in these groups:
* The phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
** The class Polychaetea  (bristle worms)
*** The order Canalipalpata  (bristle-footed annelids or fan-head worms)
**** The family Siboglinidae (beard worms)
***** The genus Lamellibrachia
***** The species *Riftia pachyptila* (giant tube worm)
**** The family Serpulidae
**** The family Sabellidae (feather duster worms)
* The phylum Phoronida (horseshoe worms)
* The order Microconchida (extinct tubeworms)
Kraken

Pierre Dénys de Montfort, 1801, from the descriptions of French sailors reportedly attacked by such a creature off the coast of Angola.]]

A **kraken** is a huge mythical sea creature. In Scandinavian and Norwegian mythology, kraken lived off the coasts of Norway, Greenland, and Iceland. 

Literary works discussed this mysterious sea monster as far back as 1180, according to paleontologist Rodrigo Brincalepe Salvador. The first known sighting was in 1769.

The legend may actually have originated from sightings of real giant squid. They are estimated to grow to 13 meters (40 feet) or more, including the tentacles.

## Related pages 
* Mythology
* Sea monster
* Giant squid

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* ''The King's Mirror'' (See Chapter XII)

## References
Ruslan Fedotenko

**Ruslan Viktorovych  Fedotenko** (born January 18, 1979) is Ukrainian professional ice hockey player. He has played in National Hockey League ice hockey left winger for the New York Rangers. Fedotenko has also played for the Philadelphia Flyers for two seasons, the Tampa Bay Lightning for four seasons, the New York Islanders for one season and the Pittsburgh Penguins for two seasons before being signed to a 1-year-deal worth $1 million after accepting a tryout with the New York Rangers.

Was recognized as the best hockey player in Ukraine in 2009.

He is a two-time Stanley Cup winner with the Tampa Bay Lightning (2004) and the Pittsburgh Penguins (2009).

## Career 
### Professional career. 
In the 1995/96 season he played two matches for Sokol in the MHL and 33 for the Kyiv farm club SHVSM in the first VEHL championship. The next season he went to train in the junior team of the Finnish TPS.

From 1997 to 2000, he played for teams in the junior and lower American leagues.

On October 24, 2000 he made his debut for Philadelphia in the NHL. In the first game against the Rangers, he has made an assist.

He scored his first goal in the NHL against Dominik Hasek on November 4, 2000.

Traded to Tampa Bay on June 21, 2002 for the first round choice number four (Yoni Pitkanena).

2004 Stanley Cup winner with the Tampa Bay Lightning. Fedotenko scored 12 goals in 22 playoff matches with the Lightning, including a double in the seventh Stanley Cup final against the Calgary Flames (2-1), which brought Tampa the first Stanley Cup in team history.

In the summer of 2007, as a free agent, he signed a 1-year contract with the New York Islanders for $ 2.9 million. He started the championship very successfully playing in the first line, gaining 11 points in 12 matches, but in the next 18 matches, the hockey player scored only 4 points, as a result was transferred to the second link.

After the end of the 07/08 season, he moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins. The contract was calculated for 1 year in the amount of $ 2.5 million. With the team won the Stanley Cup in the season 08/09. After a successful season, the team signed a new contract until 2010.

In October 2010, as a free agent, he signed a 1-year contract with the New York Rangers. After the end of the 10/11 season, a new one-year contract for $ 1.4 million was signed.

Since July 2013 he has been playing for the Donbass hockey club (Donetsk) in the Kontinental Hockey League.

In the 2014-2015 season, he signed a trial contract with the NHL New Jersey Devils.

In January 2015, signed a viewing contract with the AHL Iowa Wild.

### International 
He played for the Ukrainian national team at the 2002 Olympic Games in Salt Lake City.

## Achievements 
Stanley Cup Winner (**2**): 2004 and 2009

Recognized as the best hockey player in Ukraine 2009

Played at the 2002 Olympic Games in Salt Lake City as part of the Ukrainian national team.

## Other websites 
*
Leviathan

.]]
**Leviathan** (, "twisted, coiled"), is a monster mentioned in the Bible. In Satanism Leviathan is believed to be one of the princes of Hell. The word has become synonymous with any large sea monster or creature. In classical literature (such as the novel *Moby-Dick*) it refers to great whales, and in Modern Hebrew, it means simply "whale."Although many refer to the book Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes which is one of the most compelling and most controversial works of political philosophy  written in English .Leviathan is mostly known as :

* **a very large aquatic creature, especially a whale:**
* "the great leviathans of the deep"
* **a thing that is very large or powerful, especially an organization or vehicle:**
* "it's a challenge to navigate a wheeled leviathan in rush-hour traffic"
* **an autocratic monarch or state:**  "we must tame the state Leviathan"
Alex Plante

**Alexandre "Alex" Plante** (born May 9, 1989) is a Canadian-South Korean professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for the Oklahoma City Barons of the American Hockey League. He was selected by the Edmonton Oilers 15th overall in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft and made his National Hockey League (NHL) debut in 2009–10. He is the son of former professional defenceman Cam Plante, while his brother, Tyler, is a goaltender in the Florida Panthers organization.

## Playing career 
Plante played junior hockey for the Calgary Hitmen of the Western Hockey League (WHL).  The Hitmen selected him with their second round pick, 21st overall, in the 2004 WHL Bantam Draft. He established himself as a regular on Calgary's blue line in 2005–06, playing in 54 games.  He appeared in 58 more in 2006–07 and attracted greater attention from NHL scouts in the 2007 playoffs, scoring 11 points in 13 games.  As a result, the Edmonton Oilers selected him 15th overall in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, a higher position than he was initially expected to go. Several injuries limited Plante to 36 games in 2007–08 and he failed to report to Calgary's training camp prior to the 2008–09 WHL season, claiming that the team had treated him poorly the previous year. While he initially demanded a trade out of Calgary, Plante ultimately recanted and returned to the Hitmen early in the season. He rebounded from his "nightmare season" in 2007–08 to rank among the leaders of the Hitmen defence with 45 points in the regular season and another 15 in the playoffs before Calgary was upset in the league championship series by the Kelowna Rockets.

The Oilers signed Plante to a three-year contract following the season. He began his professional career in 2009–10 with Edmonton's top minor league affiliate, the Springfield Falcons of the American Hockey League (AHL). Several injuries on Edmonton's defence led the Oilers to recall Plante, and he made his NHL debut on February 1, 2010 against the Carolina Hurricanes and recorded an assist. He was returned to Springfield as injured players returned to the Oilers' lineup.

## Career statistics 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
*Alex Plante's profile at the WHL
Michelle Malkin

**Michelle Malkin** (born October 20, 1970) is a conservative blogger, political commentator and author. She runs a weekly syndicated column. Her weekly syndicated column is in a number of newspapers and websites. She is a Fox News Channel contributor and has been a guest on MSNBC, C-SPAN, and national radio programs. Malkin has written four books published by Regnery Publishing.

## References
Candida albicans

***Candida albicans*** is a yeast which causes oral and genital infections in humans. The infection is candidiasis, better known as "thrush". It is treated with antimycotics (anti-fungal drugs).

*C. albicans* biofilms readily form on the surface of medical devices. Hospital-related infections in patients are a major health concern.

*C. albicans* is among the gut flora, the many organisms that live in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Under normal circumstances, it lives in 80% of the human population with no harmful effects, although overgrowth results in candidiasis.
Shadow cabinet

A **shadow cabinet** is a term which applies in some parliamentary democracies based on the UK parliamentary tradition. It is a group of politicians who hold a political position in their party, but whose party is not in government (that is, an opposition party). A member of the shadow cabinet is a **shadow minister**. The leader of a shadow cabinet is called the Leader of the Opposition. The term is of United Kingdom origin, and is used by some members of the Commonwealth. Some elements are found in other democratic systems of government.

Each minister of a Cabinet has a corresponding shadow minister. The shadow minister may provide alternative policies to the minister in the government. The two of them may debate on issues relating to their area of jurisdiction. For example, the British "Shadow Secretary of State for Health" often replies to the Secretary of State for Health.

The current UK Shadow Cabinet is made up of members of the Conservative Party. The term refers only to the party in opposition which has the most seats of the opposition parties.

## References
Seventh Son of a Seventh Son

***Seventh Son of a Seventh Son*** is a studio album by Iron Maiden.  It went on sale on 11 April 1988.

It is a concept album, and talks about the idea that a seventh son of a seventh son has special powers.  The album was the most popular one in the United Kingdom when it went on sale.

The album got good reviews.  One person who reviewed it said that "ranks among [Iron Maiden's] best work."

## Musicians
* Bruce Dickinson - lead vocals
* Dave Murray - guitar
* Adrian Smith - guitar, backing vocals, synth
* Steve Harris - bass, string synth,  backing vocals
* Nicko McBrain - drums, percussion

## Track listing
## References
Stained glass

.  It represents the Virgin Mary as Queen of Heaven, surrounded by Biblical kings and prophets.  The window includes the arms of France and Castile]]

**Stained glass** is glass coloured by adding metallic salts when it is made. The coloured glass is made into **stained glass windows**. Small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures. The glass is held together  by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame.

Painted details and yellow stain are often used to improve the design. The term stained glass is also applied to windows in which the colours have been painted onto the glass and then fused to the glass in a kiln.

Stained glass is much used in Christian art but other themes are not rare. It is still popular today, and often called art glass. It is often used in luxury homes and commercial buildings.

Some colours are added to stained glass by the salts of:
* Copper: metal gives dark red glass
* Gold: metal in tiny amounts (0.001%) produces ruby red glass
* Silver, usually silver nitrate, gives range of red to yellow colours
* Cobalt: brilliant blue
* Manganese dioxide: green
* Iron(II) oxide: blue-green
* Chromium: dark green

File:Theo van Doesburg - Composition with window with coloured glass III.JPG|De Stijl abstraction by Theo van Doesburg, Netherlands (1917): an example of modern art in glass
File:Stained glass eagle.jpg|The *Bald Eagle*, Dryden High School, USA. Dynamic figures are unusual in stained glass

## References
Shutter Island (movie)

***Shutter Island*** is a 2010 American psychological thriller movie directed by Martin Scorsese, with Leonardo DiCaprio, based on novel *Dennis Levane*.

The movie cost about $80 million to make.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Calvin cycle

The **Calvin cycle** (also known as the **Benson-Calvin cycle**) is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.  

The cycle is light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. 

The Calvin cycle is named after Melvin Calvin, who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for finding it in 1961. Calvin and his colleagues, Andrew Benson and James Bassham, did the work at the University of California, Berkeley.

## Context 
Using the radioactive carbon-14 isotope as a , Calvin, Andrew Benson and their team mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis. They traced the carbon-14 from soaking up its atmospheric carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds. The single-celled algae *Chlorella* was used to trace the carbon-14.

The Calvin group showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel the manufacture of organic compounds, not directly on carbon dioxide as previously believed.

## Steps
The steps in the cycle are as follows:

1. Grab: A five-carbon carbon catcher called RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate)  one molecule of carbon dioxide and forms a six-carbon molecule.

2. Split: the enzyme RuBisCO (with the energy of ATP and NADPH molecules) breaks the six-carbon molecule into two equal parts.

3. Leave: A trio of carbons leave and become sugar. The other trio moves on to the next step.

4. Switch: Using ATP and NADPH, the three-carbon molecule is changed into a five-carbon molecule.

5. The cycle starts over again.

### The product 
The carbohydrate products of the Calvin cycle are three-carbon sugar phosphate molecules, or 'glucose triose phosphates' (G3P). Each step of the cycle has its own enzyme which speeds up the reaction.

## References
Political machine

A **political machine** (sometimes called just **machine** in politics) is a political organization in which a person or small group with authority that has enough votes or is popular enough to have control over political administration or any type of government in a city, county, or state. The term *political machine* has been used mostly since the 19th century in the United States, used to describe machines like Tamanny Hall who stayed in control mostly because of the large support from the immigrants in Manhattan during the 19th century.

## References