open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Takako Doi

was a Japanese politician. She was active from 1980 until her retirement in 2005. She also worked at National Parliament for Japan to sign the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. She was the Chair of the Japan Socialist Party from 1986 until 1991. On 6 August 1991, she became the first female speaker of the House of Representatives. She was the Chair of the Social Democratic Party from 1996 until 2003.

Doi was born in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture. She graduated from Doshisha University, where she studied law.

Doi died from pneumonia on 20 September 2014 in Hyōgo Prefecture, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Takako Doi at Encyclopædia Britannica
Petr Skoumal

**Petr Skoumal** (7 March 1938 &ndash; 28 September 2014) was a Czech musician and composer. He was best known for composing for many movies and television shows. He started his career in 1971 and his last credit was in 2013. He worked on animation shorts such as *Pat & Mat* and *Maxipes Fík*.

Skoumal was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He was the son of translator Aloys Skoumal.

Skoumal died after a long illness on 28 September 2014 in Prague. He was 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jackie Cain

in 1982.]]

**Jacqueline Ruth** "**Jackie**" **Cain** (May 22, 1928 &ndash; September 15, 2014) was an American jazz vocalist. She known for being one half of the Jackie and Roy duo with her husband Roy Kral for over fifty years. The group was active from 1946 until Kral's death in 2002. The released a around 35 albums between 1949 and 1999. The group was described as "the most famous vocal duo in jazz history" by Douglas Martin of *The New York Times*.

Cain was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She married Kral in 1949. They had two daughters: Niki, who died in a car accident in 1973, and Dana.

Cain died from stroke-related problems on September 15, 2014 in Montclair, New Jersey. She was 86.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Hamish McHamish

**Hamish McHamish** (1999 &ndash; 11 September 2014) was a Scottish celebrity ginger cat. The cat lived in the town of St Andrews, Fife, where he was an icon. He came to national and international fame after the book *Hamish McHamish of St Andrews: Cool Cat About Town* was published. The cat was owned by Marianne Baird, a retired BBC producer. He had a Facebook and Twitter page, where he gathered tens of thousands of follows.

Hamish McHamish died from a chest infection on 11 September 2014 in St Andrews. He was 15.

## References
## Other websites 
*  
*  
*
Philip Somerville

**Philip Douglas Frank Somerville** (12 February 1930 &ndash; 14 September 2014) was an English milliner (hat maker). He was best known for making hats for members of the British Royal Family, including Elizabeth II, Diana, Princess of Wales and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. He also created headgear worn by two James Bond female villains. For his work, he was given a Royal Warrant by the Queen.

Somerville was born in Winchester, Hampshire. He was an actor in Australia with little success. When becoming a milliner, he was partly trained in Auckland, New Zealand.

Somerville died on 14 September 2014 at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
Lorna Thomas

**Lorna Thomas**  (1 December 1917 &ndash; 17 September 2014) was an Australian female cricket player and team coach. She played from 1936 until 1949. She also coached from 1963 until 1978. She played for Australia against England, New Zealand and many other countries. She later coached Australia with success.

Thomas was born in Sydney, New South Wales. She was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire in the 1970s.

Thomas died from natural causes on 17 September 2014 in Sydney, aged 97.

## References
## Other websites
* Lorna Thomas scrapbook (1936&ndash;1949)  at the State Library of New South Wales
* Lorna Thomas at ESPNcricinfo
Colisée Pepsi

The **Colisée Pepsi** (English: Pepsi Coliseum), formerly the **Colisée de Québec** (English: Quebec Coliseum) was a multi-purpose arena in Quebec City, Quebec. The arena opened on December 8, 1949, and was formerly home to the Quebec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). It was also the home of the Quebec Nordiques of the World Hockey Association (WHA) and National Hockey League (NHL) from 1972 until 1995 when they relocated to Denver, Colorado to become the Avalanche.

The 1971 Memorial Cup championship series was hosted at the arena and saw the Remparts defeat the Edmonton Oil Kings two games to none. The first game of the 1974 Summit Series between the Canadian WHA all-stars and the Soviet national team was held at the Coliseum, as well as one game in each of the 1976 and 1991 Canada Cups. 

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Timecop

***Timecop*** is a 1994 American science fiction action movie. It is about a federal agent who travels in time. Jean-Claude Van Damme plays Max Walker. Mia Sara plays Melissa.

*Timecop* got mixed reviews from critics. It made a lot of money at the box office.
Château de Meudon

*.]]

The **Château de Meudon** was a former royal residence in France.  It is most commonly associated with the *Grand Dauphin* the only son of Louis XIV who made it his personal residence. However, on the death of the Dauphin the property reverted to the crown and  was used by the famous Duchess of Berry (a granddaughter of Louis XIV) and was later ignored under Louis XV and Louis XVI, but became the official residence of the King of Rome from 1812, and was occupied by Jérôme Bonaparte under the First Empire. The main building was largely destroyed in a fire in 1871, and it is now the site of the Observatoire de Paris-Meudon.

## History
There was originally a small manor on the site which was given to the Duchess of Étampes, a mistress of Francis I of France. The family remodelled the building in around 1540 when the property was given to the *Cardinal de Lorraine''. At the Cardinal's death in 1574, Meudon reverted to the House of Guise until 1654. In 1679, the château was sold by Servien's heir to Louvois, the minister of Louis XIV, who continued to improve it inside and out, until his death in 1691. Above all, he commissioned André Le Nôtre to construct grand gardens and fountains fed by elaborate hydraulic works. In June 1695, Louis XIV purchased Meudon from the widow of Louvois, with the intention of installing his only legitimate child le Grand Dauphin in the premises.

Louis XV employed Meudon as a hunting lodge. Although his mistress, Madame de Pompadour, was installed in the nearby Château de Bellevue, Meudon was eclipsed in his favour by the Château de Choisy. Meudon declined further under Louis XVI, the parterres overgrown, the basins emptied, the park let piecemeal to tenant farmers.

In 1870, the terraces of Meudon were part of the strategic defenses of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War, and the château, damaged by shelling,[6] was occupied by Prussian forces. Forty-eight hours after the signing of the armistice, in January 1871, Meudon caught fire. It burned for three days, until only some exterior walls were left standing

## Gallery of residents

File:Hyacinthe Rigaud - Louis de France, Dauphin (1661-1711), dit le Grand Dauphin - Google Art Project.jpg|*Louis, Grand Dauphin*.
File:POMPADOUR, marquise de (esquisse).jpg|Madame de Pompadour.
File:Napoleon II., Herzog von Reichstadt.jpg|The King of Rome.

## References
Silent Fall

***Silent Fall*** is a 1994 drama and mystery movie. The movie is about a boy with autism who sees a murder. Linda Hamilton plays Karen. Liv Tyler plays Sylvie Warden. John Lithgow plays Dr. Harlinger.

*Silent Fall* got negative reviews from critics. It became a box office bomb.
Junior (movie)

***Junior*** is a 1994 American comedy movie directed by Ivan Reitman. The movie is about a male scientist who makes himself pregnant as an experiment. 

Arnold Schwarzenegger plays Dr. Alexander "Alex" Hesse, Danny DeVito plays Dr. Larry Arbogast, Emma Thompson plays Dr. Diana Reddin, Pamela Reed plays Angela, and Frank Langella, plays the antagonist Dr. Noah Banes.

This movie was released on November 23, 1994. The reviews were mixed to negative. It made quite a bit of money at the box office.

## Other websites
*
Jean-Jacques Pauvert

**Jean-Jacques Pauvert** (8 April 1926 - 27 September 2014) was a French publisher. He was known for publishing the work of the Marquis de Sade in the early 1950s and as the first publisher of the *Story of O* (1954). He also published the first edition of Kenneth Anger's *Hollywood Babylone* (1959). Pauvert was born in Paris.

He have also published the first French edition of the *Civil disobedience* of Henry David Thoreau in 1968.

Pauvert died in Toulon, France, aged 88.

## References
Zhang Xianliang

**Zhang Xianliang** (; December 1936 – 27 September 2014) was a Chinese author and poet. He was the former president of the China Writer Association in Ningxia. He was a political prisoner during the Anti-Rightist Movement in 1957, until 1979. His most well known works, include *Half of Man is Woman* and *Grass Soup*.

Xianliang died in Yinchuan, Ningxia, China, aged 77.

## Related pages
*List of Chinese writers

## References
Abdelmajid Lakhal

**Abdelmajid Lakhal** (November 29, 1939 &ndash; September 27, 2014) was a Tunisian theatre and movie actor and theatre director. He was known on Arab Television for acting in many telefilms. He was known for his roles in *Jesus of Nazareth*, *Day of the Falcon*, and in ''Bab'Aziz - The Prince That Contemplated His Soul''.

Lakhal died in Tunis, Tunisia, aged 74.

## Others pictures 

File:Abdelmajid.lakhal.02.JPG|**2006**
File:Abdelmajid Lakhal in 2007.JPG|**2007**

## References
Diffuse axonal injury

**Diffuse axonal injury** (often shortened to DAI) is one of the most common forms of traumatic brain injury. In traumatic brain injury, the damage is focused to one area of the brain, in diffuse axonal injury, the damage occurs over a larger area of the brain. DAI mainly damages white matter, which makes it one of the major causes of unconsciousness and persistent vegetative state after head trauma.  It occurs in about half of all cases of severe head trauma.

Frequently, people suffering such damage fall into a coma; Over 90 percent of the patients with severe DAI never regain consciousness.

Other authors state that DAI can occur in every degree of severity from (very) mild or moderate to (very) severe.  Concussion may be a milder type of diffuse axonal injury.
## References
Taylor Hardwick

**Taylor Hardwick** (July 15, 1925 – September 27, 2014) was an American architect, interior designer, filmmaker, and educator. He designed hundreds of buildings throughout northeast Florida, predominantly in and near the city of Jacksonville.

Hardwick died in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida from cancer, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
*Tribute website to Taylor Hardwick 
*American Institute of Architects Jacksonville Chapter
Pamela Reed

**Pamela Reed** (born April 2, 1949) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. In *Kindergarten Cop*, she played Phoebe O'Hara; in *Junior*, she played Angela (both alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger); and in *The Simpsons*, she played Ruth Powers.

Reed was born in Tacoma, Washington.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alice Drummond

**Alice Drummond** (May 21, 1928 &ndash; November 30, 2016) was an American actress of stage and television. She was known for her roles in *Ghostbusters*, *Awakenings*, *To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar*, *Ace Ventura: Pet Detective*, and in *Doubt*.

Drummond was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. She died on November 30, 2016 from complications of a fall in The Bronx, New York, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Greater Western Sydney Giants

The **Greater Western Sydney Giants** (nicknamed the **GWS Giants** or just the **Giants**) is an Australian Rules Football club. It plays in the Australian Football League. The club was founded in 2009. It is based in Greater Western Sydney.

## Club song

''Well there's a big, big sound*
*From the West of the town*
*It's the sound of the mighty Giants!*
 
*You feel the ground a-shaking!*
*The other teams are quaking*
*In their boots before the Giants!*

*We take the longest strides*
*And the highest leap*
*We're stronger than the rest.*
 
*We're the Greater Western Sydney Giants*
*We're the biggest and the best.*
 
*And we will never surrender*
*We'll fight until the end*
*We're greater than the rest.''

## Related pages
* Australian rules football in New South Wales
Joe Franklin

**Joe Franklin** (born **Joseph Fortgang**; March 9, 1926 – January 24, 2015) was an American radio and television host personality from New York City. He is best known for the television talk-and-variety show format that set the standard for television talk shows. 

His show began in 1951 on WJZ-TV (later WABC-TV) and moved to WOR-TV (later WWOR-TV) from 1962 to 1993. He interviewed over 100,000 guests during his 43 year career. 

Franklin died of prostate cancer at a hospice on January 24, 2015 at the age of 88. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Nerve plexus

A **nerve plexus** is a branching network of nerves which serves a part of the body. Nerves which go to and from the central nervous system bunch up in certain places. Between each vertebra is a plexus of nerves going in and coming out of the spinal cord. Another plexus is underneath each arm. That is a plexus of nerves and also blood vessels which serve every part of the arm, hand and fingers. Under the arm is much the safest place to have them because of the damage they could get if too exposed. This also explains why arteries are deeper under the surface than veins.

*Cervical plexus – serves the head, neck and shoulders
*Brachial plexus – serves the chest, shoulders, arms and hands
*Lumbar plexus – serves the back, abdomen, groin, thighs, knees, and calves
*Sacral plexus – serves the pelvis, buttocks, genitals, thighs, calves, and feet
*Celiac plexus (solar plexus) – serves internal organs
*Coccygeal plexus – serves a small region over the coccyx
*Auerbach's plexus – serves the gastrointestinal tract
*Meissner's plexus (submucosal plexus) – also serves the gastrointestinal tract
Pichal Peri

**Pichal Peri** or **Churail** or **Churel** (Urdu:meaning, with reversed 
feet) is a sort of legendary witch or monster type creature in Central Asian and 
South Asian folklore. 

In the Indian-Pakistani folklores, it has two forms, one is of a witch who is very dark, ugly and scary, and another is of a beautiful woman who targets vulnerable men passing through the woods after the dark; they appear and vanish after a while, leaving a fearful experience to the victims. Whereas, some other claims also assert they attack and kill human beings, to eat their livers. Some people say they have seen this creature in reality and have somehow escaped. According to them, it has long hair and long teeth and feet that are reversed (with heel in front and toes turned back). 

However, there is no real proof that this creature really exists.

## References
Colby Rasmus

**Colby Rasmus** (born August 11 1986) is a major league baseball player for the Toronto Blue Jays.

## References
Adephaga

The **Adephaga** is a suborder of beetles. There are more than 40,000 recorded species in ten families. This is the second largest suborder of the order Coleoptera.

The beetles of this suborder include ground beetles, tiger beetles, diving beetles, and whirligig beetles. Most of the species belong to the family of carabids, or ground beetles (Carabidae).

The Adephaga is two groups with a common origin. They are the Hydradephaga (water beetles) and the Geadephaga (ground beetles. They are mostly predatory. The first fossils of both groups are found in the Triassic period. The ground beetles have formidable chemical defences. They have special pygidial glands which squirt out hot, burning chemicals. Bombardier beetles are famous for squirting their nasty chemicals at attackers.

## References
Alpine lake

]]

**Alpine lakes** are lakes or reservoirs at high altitudes, usually over 5,000 feet (1524 metres) above sea level, or above the tree line.

Alpine lakes are usually clearer than lower lakes because the cold water reduces the speed and amount of algae and moss growing in the water. Often the lakes are surrounded by varieties of pine trees, aspens, and other high altitude trees.

Yellowstone Lake is an alpine lake, and so is Lake Baikal.
Tinsel Korey

**Tinsel Korey** (born March 25, 1980) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for playing Emily Young in the Twilight Saga movies *New Moon* and *Eclipse*. She played Jen in *Tru Calling*.

She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia.

## References
Rachel Nichols (actress)

**Rachel Emily Nichols** (born January 8, 1980) is an American actress and model. She played Alexa in *Sex and the City*. She also played Ashley Seaver in *Criminal Minds*.

She was born in Augusta, Maine.

## Awards and nominations 
## References
Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll

***Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll*** is the first studio album by Keith Anderson. The album was released on May 3, 2005. It was first and only studio album from the label Arista Nashville.

## Track listing
## References
Ahmad Hasan Dani

Professor Dr **Ahmad Hasan Dani** (1920-2009) was a famous Pakistani scholar, archaeologist and historian. 

He did a lot of research and study on North Pakistan. He was an expert on the culture of South Asia and Central Asia. 

## References
Magnitude (astronomy)

The **magnitude** of a star or other celestial object is a number that measures its brightness. **Apparent magnitude** ('***) of a celestial object is a number that measures its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, and **absolute magnitude** is its actual brightness adjusted for distance. The brighter an object appears, the lower its magnitude value. The Sun, at apparent magnitude of −27, is the brightest object in the sky.

Magnitude is a logarithmic measure.  It is measured in a specific wavelength or passband, usually in optical or near-infrared wavelengths.  A full moon is −13 magnitude and the brightest planet, Venus, measures −5.  The brightest man-made objects, Iridium flares, are ranked at −9 and the International Space Station measures −6.

## History 
The Greek astronomer Hipparchus first invented our system of apparent magnitude. He gave the brightest stars a magnitude of 1 and increased the numbers for dimmer stars. For example, Alpha Centauri has higher apparent magnitude (i.e. lower value) than Betelgeuse, because it is much closer to the Earth.
* **Absolute magnitude*' is the apparent magnitude, *m*, an object would have if it were at a standard distance from Earth. The standard distance is 32.6 light years from Earth. The concept of absolute magnitude allows astronomers to compare the brightness of objects without regard to their distance. When measured using absolute magnitude the sun measures less than Sirius at only 4.8. It is the magnitude based on the sensitivity of the human eye.
* **Photographic magnitude** is different from visual magnitude because photographic film is more sensitive to blue light and radiation the human eye cannot see.

## Related pages 
* List of brightest stars
* List of most luminous known stars
* List of nearest galaxies
* List of nearest stars

## References 
## Other websites 
* Magnitude System
* Magnitudes: Measuring the Brightness of Stars
Argument from morality

An **argument from morality** is an argument for the existence of God. Also called **moral arguments**, most are apologetic arguments. They argue there is a moral order in the universe and so there must be a God said the German philosopher Marc Nickl. The German philosopher Marc Nickl devised an argument from morality based on reason. Kant argued that the goal of humanity is to achieve perfect happiness and virtue. Further, that an afterlife must exist in order for this to be possible, and that God must exist to provide this. 

## References
Mian Mir Sahib

Hazrat **Mian Mir Muhammad Sahib**, or **Mian Mir Sahib**, (1550-1635) was a famous Sufi saint of the Qadiri order. He lived most of his life in Lahore (then in Mughal India and now in Pakistan).

Mian Mir Sahib was specially famous for having been the teacher of a Mughal prince, Dara Shikoh, and for having taught and helped many Sikh Gurus. He was a very loving and tolerant person.

## References
Every Witch Way

***Every Witch Way*** is an American fantasy, comedy and drama telenovela. It stars Paola Andino, Nick Merico, Paris Smith, Rahart Adams and Daniela Nieves. It is broadcast by Nickelodeon. It is the American version of the Latin American telenovela *Grachi*. The telenovela was first broadcast on January 1, 2014.

## Plot 
### Season 1 
The series is about 14-year-old Emma Alonso. After moving to Miami, she discovers that she is "The Chosen One", the most powerfull witch. She fells in love with her neighbor Daniel (Nick Merico). She meets Daniel's girlfriend, Maddie (Paris Smith), is also a witch, but a bad one. Maddie is most popular girl at Iridium High School and the leader of "The Panthers". Emma will have to go through many problems now with her new life to live happy.

### Season 2 
Now that she is the only chosen one,Emma stands more for herself. A new guy named Jax that is wizard moves to town and causes drama. Daniel breaks up with Emma because she lied to him about her powers.Her evil clone,E causes trouble and Emma has to destroy her. At the end she comes back with Daniel.

## Characters 
### Main Characters 
*Paola Andino as Emma Alonso.
A new student at Iridium High School. She is a witch and uses her magical powers responsibly. She is in love with Daniel.In Season 2 makes a clone that meses it up.Later is with Jax but then 
gets back with Daniel and kisses.
*Nick Merico as Daniel Miller. 
He is a star in Iridium High. He's smart, athletic, and very popular, but also very humble. He is also the captain of the *Sharks*.In Season 2 get jealous about Jax but then gets back with Emma.
*Paris Smith as Maddie Van Pelt.
She is the ex-girlfriend of Daniel, and is also the most popular girl in Iridium High School. Is an mean witch and the enemy of Emma.In Season 2 she is nicer cause shes dating Diego.
*Daniela Nieves as Andi Cruz. The best friend of Emma. She is a member of the swimming club of the Iridium, *The Sharks*. In Season 2 she dresses a bit diffirent and shes girlfriend of a zombie but Emma sends him back.
*Rahart Adams as Jax Novoa. 
The new guy in Season 2,he is a wizard and likes Emma.
*Elizabeth Elias as Mia. 
The new girl (S3),she is a kanay who simillar to a witch so wants revenge and kisses Daniel.
*Tyler Alvarez as Diego Rueda. 
A kanay and Member of *The Sharks*. He starts dating Maddie in Season 2.

### Other Characters 
* Paola Nicole Andino as E, Emma's evil and rebellious clone.She likes Jax but then become enemies.
* Zoey Burger as Miss Information.She know every thing that goes on Iridium High and blogs about it.She is a human and Diego's Sister .
* Melisa Caricache as Nurse Lily,Iridium High nurse and secretly Emma's magic guardian.
* Julie Antonellie as Jessie,Jax young sister.
*Kendall Sanders as Tony Myers. Member of *The Sharks*.
*Rene Lavan as Franciso Alonso. Father of Emma.
*Katie Barberi as Ursula Van Pelt. The mother of Maddie. She is in love with Emma's father Francisco.
*Rafael de la Fuente as Julio. The adopted son of the Principal.

## Series overview

## References
Michael Lonsdale

**Michael Lonsdale** (24 May 1931 – 21 September 2020), also billed sometimes as **Michel Lonsdale**, was a French actor. He has appeared in over 180 movies and television shows.

He was born in Paris and he was raised by a French mother and English father. He first appeared on stage as an actor at the age of 24.

Lonsdale was probably best known in the English-speaking world for his portrayal of the villain Sir Hugo Drax in the 1979 James Bond movie, *Moonraker*, the French detective Lebel in *The Day of the Jackal*, and as M. Dupont d'Ivry in *The Remains of the Day*.

On 25 February 2011, Lonsdale won his first César Award as a best supporting actor for his portrayal of Luc in *Of Gods and Men*.

Lonsdale died on 21 September 2020, aged 89 in Paris.

## References
## Other websites
*
Eric Newby

**Eric Newby** (1919-2006) was an English writer and traveler.

He traveled to many parts of Europe, South Asia and Central Asia. He is best known for his famous and very enjoyable books like *The Last Grain of Rice* (1956), *A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush* (1958), *Slowly down the Ganges* (1966), *Love and War in the Appenines* (1971), *A Small Place in Italy* (1994). 

## References
First Battle of the Masurian Lakes

The **First Battle of the Masurian Lakes** was a German offensive on the Eastern Front during the early part of World War I. It started on 7 September and ended on 14 September 1914. The battle was the second heavy  of a Russian army by the Germans. The first defeat was at the Battle of Tannenberg. At Masurian Lakes the Germans pushed the Russian 1st Army back out of Germany. They could not push the Russians back further because of the arrival of the Russian Tenth Army on the Germans' left flank (side). The Russians suffered a  and retreated losing about 125,000 men and 150 guns.

## The strategy 
Paul von Hindenburg, general of the German Eighth Army, knew the swampy area of East Prussia called the Masurian Lakes. He thought the Russians might attack there so he made plans in case of such an attack. At this time of the war, the Germans knew what the Russians were planning because they could read their messages. The Russians planned their attack on East Prussia with little intelligence of the area. They had no rail transport to move troops. They failed to plan for enough food and ammunition and moved only with horses and infantry. But they had superior numbers and were confident they could defeat the Germans. Hindenburg then turned his army north to attack the Russian First Army at the Masurian Lakes in September. François played a major part in this second victory when his First Corps forced back the Russian flank. Under their general, Paul von Rennenkampf, the Russians dug in. He made use of the lakes, rivers and other natural obstacles. Rennenkampf kept his troops in good order as they retreated. As a result of his fame, in 1916 he became Chief of the German Staff.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Tannenberg - drama of the world war: the first battle of the Masurian lakes
* Battle of the Masurian Lakes; Russians Withdraw from East Prussia
Luis Nishizawa

**Luis Nishizawa** (February 2, 1918 – September 29, 2014) was a Mexican artist. He was known for his landscape work and murals. He began training as an artist in 1942 at the height of the Mexican muralism movement but studied other painting styles as well as Japanese art. In addition to painting canvases and murals, he was a professor of fine arts at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Nihizawa was born in Cuautitlán, Mexico.

Nishizawa died in Mexico City, Mexico from natural causes, aged 96.

## Related pages
* List of Mexican painters

## References
George Shuba

**George "Shotgun" Shuba** (December 13, 1924 – September 29, 2014) was an American baseball player. He was an outfielder. He was a left-handed pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. Shuba played seven seasons for the Brooklyn Dodgers. 

His seven seasons included three World Series as well as a World Series championship in 1955.  He was the first National League player to hit a pinch-hit home run in a World Series game.

Shuba is often remembered for his symbolic role in breaking down Major League Baseball's tenacious "color barrier". He was born in Youngstown, Ohio.

While playing for a farm team in the 1940s, Shuba offered a congratulatory handshake to teammate Jackie Robinson, who went on to become the first African American to play in a major league game since the late 19th century. The moment was captured in a well-known photograph dubbed *A Handshake for the Century* for featuring the first interracial handshake in a professional baseball game.

Shuba died on September 29, 2014, at age 89 in Youngstown, Ohio. He was the last living Brooklyn Dodger who appeared in the final game of the 1955 World Series, the only one won by the Dodgers in their Brooklyn history.

## References
## Other websites
* Baseball Library Player Page 
* Robinson-Shuba Handshake 
* George Shuba's Website
Mr. Wrong

***Mr. Wrong*** is a 1996 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about murder and marriage to the wrong person. Ellen DeGeneres plays Martha. Joan Cusack plays Inga. Joan Plowright plays Mrs. Crawford. Robert Goulet plays Braxton. 

Critics did not like this movie. It became a box office bomb.
Montserrat Abelló i Soler

**Montserrat Abelló i Soler** (1 February 1918 &ndash; 9 September 2014) was a Spanish Catalan poet and translator. She translated works of literature from English to her native Catalan, and from Catalan into English.

## Early life and education
Abelló i Soler was born in Tarragona, in the Province of Tarragona. During the Spanish Civil War, she lived in exile in France, England and Chile.

## Translations
### From English to Catalan
She translated works by American novelist Sylvia Plath, Welsh novelist Dylan Thomas, English writer E. M. Forster, Irish-born British author Iris Murdoch and Iranian translator Mohsen Emadi

### From Catalan to English
She translated works by writers Salvador Espriu, Mercè Rodoreda, Maria Àngels Anglada, Maria Mercè Marçal and Olga Xirinacs Díaz.

## Writing
She published works of poetry in Catalan.
* 1963 - *Vida diària* ("Daily life") 
* 1981 - *Vida diària: Paraules no dites* ("Daily Life: Words not said") 
* 1986 - *El blat del temps* ("The Wheat of Time") 
* 1990 - *Foc a les mans* ("Fire in Hand") 
* 1995 - *L’arrel de l’aigua* ("The Root of Water") 
* 1995 - *Son màscares que m’emprovo* ("Masks of Sleep that I Try") 
* 1998 - *Dins l’esfera del temps* ("In the Sphere of Time") which won the Gold Critica Serra prize in 1999
* 2004 - *Asseguda escrivint* ("Seated Writing") 
* 2006 - *Memoria de tu i de mi* ("Memories of You and Me") 

In 2002, her poetry was compiled in *Al cor de les paraules: obra poètica 1963-2002* ("In the Heart of Words: Poetic Works 1963-2002"), which in 2003 won several Catalan literary prizes.

She has also contributed to anthologies (collections) of writing and poetry:

* 1993 - *Cares a la finestra: 20 dones poetes de parla anglesa del segle XX* ("Faces in the Window: 20 English Women Poets of the 20th century")
* 1998 - *Cartografies del desig: Quinze escriptores i el seu món* ("Cartography of Desire: Fifteen writers and their world") 
* 1999 - *Memoria de l’aigua: Onze escriptores i el seu món* ("Memories of Water: Eleven writers and their world") 
* 1999 - *Paisatge emergent* ("Emergent Landscape")

## Death
Abelló i Soler died on 9 September 2014 in Barcelona, aged 96.

## References
## Other websites
* Montserrat Abelló i Soler at the Association of Catalan Language Writers (AELC)
The Rock

***The Rock*** is a 1996 action-adventure movie. The movie is about events taking place on Alcatraz Island. Sean Connery plays John Patrick Mason. Nicolas Cage plays Stanley Goodspeed. 

*The Rock* received positive reviews from the critics. It was a box office hit.
Iftikhar Hussain Ansari

**Molvi Iftikhar Hussain Ansari** (Kashmiri: मौलवी इफ्तिखार हुसैन अंसारी (Devanagari), مولوی افتخار حسین ااری (Nastaleeq)) (26 April 1940 &ndash; 30 September 2014) was a Kashmiri Shia cleric, politician and a businessman. He succeeded his father Molvi Muhammad Jawad Ansari as president of All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association in Jammu & Kashmir in 1962.

He was a sitting member of Jammu and Kashmir's Legislative Assembly for the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party. He was earlier a member of National Conference and Congress. He was also a business tycoon with interest in car dealerships.

On morning of 30 September 2014, Iftikhar Hussain died of due to cirrhosis, aged 74.

## References
Lawrence, Massachusetts

**Lawrence** is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is near the Merrimack River. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the city had a total population of 89,143.

## References
Miguel Boyer

**Miguel Boyer Salvador** (5 February 1939 – 29 September 2014) was a French-born Spanish economist and politician. He served as the Minister of Economy, Treasury and Commerce. He served as minister from 1982 to 1985.

Boyer died of a pulmonary embolism after being admitted to the Ruber International Hospital in Madrid on 29 September 2014. He was 75.

## References
National Statuary Hall Collection

The **National Statuary Hall Collection** in the United States Capitol is a collection of statues donated by individual states to honor people very important in their history. Originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, renamed National Statuary Hall, the expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is now complete with 100 statues by each 50 states. Alabama, Arizona, California, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan and Ohio each replaced one of their first two statues a few years after Congress authorized replacements. The most recent state to replace a statue was Ohio, which replaced its statue of William Allen with one of Thomas Edison in September 2016.

## Other websites
*Official website of the National Statuary Hall Collection
*Official information on the origin of the National Statuary Hall Collection 
*Use of National Statuary Hall: Assignment and Historic Events Congressional Research Service
Jason McGerr

**Jason McGerr** is the drummer for the alternative rock band Death Cab for Cutie. He is also an instructor at the Seattle Drum School of Music.

## Discography
### Death Cab for Cutie
;Studio albums
* *Transatlanicism* (October 7, 2003)
* *Plans* (August 30, 2005)
* *Narrow Stairs* (May 13, 2008)
* *Codes and Keys* (May 31, 2011)

## References
Grosvenor Square

**Grosvenor Square**  is a large garden square in the exclusive Mayfair district of London, England. It is the property of the Duke of Westminster. There is a 9/11 memorial and statues of American presidents like Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan. Grosvenor Square is the location of the American embassy in England.

## Related pages 
* List of botanical gardens
2014 Hong Kong protests

The **2014 Hong Kong protests**, also known as the **Umbrella Revolution**, were a series of protests in Hong Kong that started on 27 September 2014. They were protesting against the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress' (NPCSC) decision on the proposed electoral reform for the planned 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election. The NPCSC would need a nomination committee to pre-approve up to three electoral candidates before they go on to a vote that involves the general population. After the election, the Chief Executive-elect still has to be formally appointed by the central government before they can officially take their post.

The student groups Hong Kong Federation of Students and Scholarism started protesting outside of the government headquarters. During the evening of 26 September several hundred demonstrators broke through a security barrier and  entered the plaza in front of the Central Government Complex. The police then closed off and blockaded it overnight. This caused more protesters to join and surround the police. The standoff between the protesters and police lasted for a day, during which the police started attacking unarmed protesters with shields, batons, and pepper spray. The movement Occupy Central with Love and Peace announced that they would start their civil disobedience campaign immediately.

On 28 September at around noon, the protesters moved onto Harcourt Road and went on to occupy Queensway. After a standoff that lasted for several hours, police started using tear gas and water cannons on the crowds and they also threatened to open fire with rubber bullets if they did not leave.

## Further reading 
*Umbrella Movement
*2019–20 Hong Kong protests

## References
Peter Regin

**Peter Regin Jensen** (born April 16, 1986) is a Danish former professional ice hockey centre. He played parts of eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Ottawa Senators, New York Islanders, and Chicago Blackhawks. 

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Regin played 3 seasons with the Herning Blue Fox in the Oddset Ligaen. During his time there, he was named the Rookie of the Year in 2004. He was drafted with the 87th overall pick by the Ottawa Senators in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. Before playing with the Senators, Regin decided to play another season with Herning and joined Timrå IK in the Elitserien in 2005. He played 3 seasons with them and increased both his goal and point production in each season that he was there.

On June 2, 2008, he signed a multi-year entry-level contract with Ottawa Senators and was assigned to their AHL-affiliate, the Binghamton Senators.

On January 20, 2009, Regin was called up and made his NHL debut in a 3-2 win against the Washington Capitals. He was sent back down to Binghamton the next day. On January 29, 2009, Regin played in his third NHL game and scored his first NHL goal, a game winner, against Chris Mason of the St. Louis Blues. On July 29, 2010, the Senators resigned Regin to a two-year, $2 million contract extension. On February 19, 2011, in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs, Regin suffered a dislocated shoulder after being pushed into the boards by Toronto's Joey Crabb and needed season-ending surgery. On April 5, 2012, Regin was re-signed to a one-year, one-way contract by the Senators.

On July 5, 2013, Regin signed a 1-year deal with the New York Islanders.
He played a season with them and was traded along with Pierre-Marc Bouchard to the Chicago Blackhawks for a 2014 fourth-round draft pick on February 6, 2014. The Blackhawks re-signed Regin to a one-year contract on July 1, 2014.

On 4 April 2023, Regin announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Shlomo Lahat

**Shlomo Lahat** (9 September 1927 &ndash; 1 October 2014) was an Israeli general and politician. He served as Mayor of Tel Aviv from 1974 until 1993. He was a member of Likud.

Lahat was born in Berlin, Germany. He and his family moved to Israel in 1933 during the Nazi uprising. During his final years, Lahat had Alzheimer's disease.

Lahat died from a lung infection on 1 October 2014 in Tel Aviv. He was 86.

## References
USS Constellation (CV-64)

'*USS *Constellation* (CV-64)*', is a *Kitty Hawk*–class supercarrier. It was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named in honor of the "new constellation of stars" on the flag of the United States.

It is the only naval vessel ever given the right to display red, white, and blue designation numbers. One of the fastest ships in the Navy, as proven by her victory during a battlegroup race held in 1985. She was nicknamed "Connie" by her crew and officially as "America's Flagship" by President Ronald Reagan.

## Other websites
* An official US Navy USS *Constellation* page
* Official current status of *Constellation*  – NAVSHIPSO (NAVSEA Shipbuilding Support Office)
* An unofficial USS *Constellation* webpage
*Maritimequest USS *Constellation* CV-64 Photo Gallery 
* Overhead view of the *Constellation* in 'mothballs' – Google Maps
* USS Constellation history at U.S. Carriers
*America's Flagship: A History of USS Constellation (CV/CVA-64)  by Mike Weeks – *Naval Aviation News* –  March–April 2004
Bhaati Gate

The **Bhaati Gate** is one of the 12 old gates of Lahore's walled city, now in Pakistan. It dates from Mughal times.  

## Origins and sights
The Bhaati Gate was named after the Bhatti tribe of Rajputs who used to live here in large numbers. It also has an old bazaar, or market called *Bazaar i Hakiman* (Bazaar of the Doctors) where traditional doctors or medical experts, used to help sick people. Another famous place here is the Fakir Khana Museum, made by the Fakir Family.

## References
Naturalism (literature)

**Naturalism** was a 19th century literary movement. It was a development of the realism movement. Realism attempted to show subjects as they actually were, ly and naturally. Naturalism added scientific elements such as environment and heredity to fictional characters. Unlike realism, naturalism used characters who were of the lower es. It was also known for themes including taboo and violence. Émile Zola was the best-known writer of the literary school of naturalism. He was joined by other writers such as Gustave Flaubert, and Alphonse Daudet.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Naturalism (arts)
*Naturalism (philosophy)
Alkaliphile

from a petri dish. Many alkaliphiles have a bacillus morphology]]

An **alkaliphile** is an organism that lives and grows well in extremely alkaline conditions that are harmful to most life on Earth. To be considered an alkaliphile, the organism must have optimal growth in environments with a pH level of 9.0 or above.

Surviving and growing in an environment that has a high pH level is very difficult. Many processes in the cell are blocked by high pH levels. Alkaline conditions change DNA, and make the plasma membrane of the cell unstable. Alkaliphiles have two basic methods of dealing with these problems: Either they have a way of making the environment more acidic, or they have adapted the cellular processes, so that they work best in highly alkaline conditions. To find out which of the two mechanisms a specific organism uses, experiments are needed.

## References
Jonny Gomes

**Jonny Gomes** (born November 22, 1980) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays/Rays, Cincinnati Reds, Washington Nationals, Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Atlanta Braves, and Kansas City Royals.

## References
## Other websites
*http://www.si.com/mlb/player/jonny-gomes Jonny Gomes Oakland Athletics 2014 SI.com
Counterattack

A **counterattack** is a tactic used in response to an attack. The modern term became popular in "war games". The purpose is to ize or stop the advantage gained by an enemy during an attack. At the same time it is used to regain lost ground or destroy the attacking enemy. The Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu (544 BC – 496 BC) is the earliest writer who mentioned the advantages of a bold counterattack.

## References
Sacrifice (2009)

**Sacrifice (2009)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on May 24, 2009 at the TNA Impact! Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the fifth Sacrifice event that TNA held.

There were eight matches on the card. The main event was known as the Four Way Ultimate Sacrifice match, which was between TNA World Heavyweight Champion, Mick Foley, against Sting, Kurt Angle, and Jeff Jarrett. Each of the competitors in the match wagered an important aspect of their career: Foley's title, Sting's career, Angle's leadership of the Main Event Mafia, and Jarrett's shares in the company. Two other important matches saw A.J. Styles retaining the TNA Legends Championship against Booker T in an "I Quit" match and Beer Money, Inc. defeating The British Invasion to win the "Team 3D Invitational Tag Team Tournament".

Sacrifice gained positive reviews. Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter thought that the show, "overachieved". Melzer gave attention to the "Team 3D Invitational Tag Team Tournament" finals match and the "I Quit" match. The only thing he criticized was some of the illogical booking tactics that were made by the company. James Caldwell of the Pro Wrestling Torch also gave the event a good review but criticized the show in a number of spots, mainly the "I Quit" match: "Best match of the PPV until the finish with Sharmell-Jenna continuing their feud on PPV TV. Keep it on free TV (if TNA is so adamant about continuing this), but don't put that dumb storyline on pay TV. As usual, TNA tries to find a way out of a stipulation. Sucks to rant on that, because the match was awesome and one of Booker's best performances in years."

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official TNA Sacrifice website
Pincer movement

The **pincer movement**, or **double envelopment**, is a tactic in which forces attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy formation at the same time. The pincer movement can be used when opposing forces advance towards the center of an army. That army responds by moving its outside forces to the enemy's flanks to surround it. At the same time, a second layer of pincers may attack on the more distant flanks to cut off the enemy reinforcements.

## Description 
A full pincer movement leads to the attacking army facing the enemy in front, on both flanks, and in the rear.  If attacking pincers link up in the enemy's rear, the enemy is encircled.  But he made the point to leave a surrounded enemy an escape route.

* Some claims that the maneuver may have first been used at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.  The historian Herodotus describes how the Athenian general Miltiades used it.  During the battle, the weaker central formations retreated.  This allowed the wings to come together behind the Persian battle line.  It drove the Persians to retreat in .

* A famous example is at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC by Hannibal. Military historians view this as one of the greater battlefield maneuvers in history.

* It was a favorite tactic used by Charlemagne against his enemies. He routinely divided his command into two armies in order to trap his enemy between them. 

* Daniel Morgan used it effectively  at the Battle of Cowpens in 1781 in South Carolina.

## Related pages 
* Flanking maneuver
* Turning movement
* Attrition warfare
* Feigned retreat
* Oblique order 
* Shock tactics
* Envelopment
* Rearguard
* Ambush

## References 
## Other websites 
* Pincer Movement
* Blitzkrieg
Sidesaddle

Riding **sidesaddle** is a type of horseback riding. Sidesaddle riding uses a special saddle. This saddle allows the rider to sit 'aside' rather than 'astride' a horse. Astride means the rider's legs are opened with one leg on each side of the horse. In sidesaddle, the rider's legs are basically closed and both legs are on the same side of the horse.  Girls and women mostly ride sidesaddle. Riding sidesaddle allows them to use a modest posture while showing off their nicest riding habits. There are two categories for competition, Junior and Senior classes.

## In history 
 riding sidesaddle by Georg Christoph Grooth (1716–49)|left]]
Women sitting aside a horse to ride began in ancient history. It later became popular in European countries in the Middle Ages. This gave women wearing skirts a way to ride a horse in a modest way while also wearing their  clothes. It is still popular  with some modern riders.

## References
Battle of Valverde

The **Battle of Valverde** was an American Civil War battle fought from February 20 to February 21, 1862. It was fought near the present day town of Valverde, New Mexico. This town was at a  across the Rio Grande river in what was at the time Confederate Arizona. The battle was a major success in the New Mexico campaign of the Southern states. The Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia fought Union Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico and Colorado. Colonel Kit Carson commanded the 1st New Mexico (Union) Infantry.

## References