open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tim Omaji

**Tim Omaji** (born 9 September 1987), also known by his former stage name **Timomatic**, is an Australian singer-songwriter and dancer. He is best known for his single "Set It Off". He was a contestant on *So You Think You Can Dance Australia* in 2009, finishing seventh in the competition. He also appeared as a contestant on ''Australia's Got Talent'' and placed third in the competition. Later that year, he signed with Sony Music Australia.

Omaji was born in Nigeria. He moved to Australia when he was ten months old. He lived in many places all over the nation before settling in Canberra.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Christopher O'Neill

'''Christopher Paul O'Neill''' (born 27 June 1974), is a British-American businessperson and the husband of Princess Madeleine of Sweden. He is the father of Princess Leonore, Prince Nicolas, and Princess Adrienne.

## References
Sleep deprivation

(CDC) recommendations for the amount of sleep needed decrease with age.]]

**Sleep deprivation**, also known as **sleep insufficiency** or **sleeplessness**, is the condition of not having enough sleep. 

The condition affects the brain and its  function. The condition can be either chronic or acute. Sleep deprivation can be used to treat certain disorders, such as clinical depression. Sleep deprivation has also been used as a form of torture. Multiple factors can cause or contribute to sleep deprivation including poor sleep hygiene, lifestyle choices, work obligations, sleep disorders, and other medical conditions. Sleep deficiency may be caused by other sleep disorders or medical conditions. For example, sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that induces dozens of nightly awakenings, may hinder both sleep duration and quality. Other medical or mental health problems, such as pain or general anxiety disorder, can interfere with the quality and quantity of sleep., in addition to a hint of eye bags, a combination suggestive of minor sleep deprivation.]]
Generally, sleep deprivation may result in:
* aching muscles
* confusion, memory lapses or loss
* hand tremor
* headaches
* malaise
* stye
* periorbital puffiness, commonly known as "bags under eyes" or eye bags
* increased blood pressure
* increased risk of fibromyalgia
* irritability
* obesity
* temper tantrums in children
* symptoms similar to:
** attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

## Causes 
There are many reasons why a person may not get enough sleep. Examples include:

* shift work
* meeting deadlines
* a sleeping environment that is noisy or not the right temperature
* using electronic devices, like a phone, close to bedtime or keeping them in the bedroom
* medical problems, such as depression, sleep apnea, or chronic pain
* caring for another person during the night

## Types of Sleep Deprivation 
Sleep deprivation and sleep insufficiency may be categorised in different ways depending on a person’s circumstances.

# **Acute sleep deprivation** refers to a short period, usually a few days or less, when a person has a significant reduction in their sleep time.
# **Chronic sleep deprivation**, also known as insufficient sleep syndrome, is defined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine as curtailed sleep that persists for three months or longer.
# **Chronic sleep deficiency or insufficient sleep** can describe ongoing sleep deprivation as well as poor sleep that occurs because of sleep fragmentation or other disruptions.

## References
Josephine Obiajulu Odumakin

**Josephine "Joe" Obiajulu Okei-Odumakin** is a Nigerian women's rights activist. She is the president of the rights groups Women Arise for Change Initiative and the Campaign for Democracy.

## Life
Odumakin was born in Zaria, Kaduna on 4 July 1966.  She grew up in a Roman Catholic household. 

## Work 
In 1987, Odumakin received a bachelor's degree in English Education.  Then she received a master's degree in Guidance and Counseling and a doctorate in History and Policy of Education from the University of Ilorin. She was arrested often for her activism, especially during the military rule of Ibrahim Babangida.  She met her future husband, Yinka Odumakin, in prison.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Eurovision Song Contest 2015

The **Eurovision Song Contest 2015** was the 60th edition of the contest and took place in Vienna, Austria, after Conchita Wurst won the previous year. 40 countries took part this year, with Sweden's song "Heroes" by Måns Zelmerlöw winning.

Australia took part for the first time ever and was invited to the Grand Final as a special guest. Ukraine did not participate due to financial problems related to Russia's invasion of Crimea.

## Overview 
According to the rules of Eurovision 2015, there would be 27 countries in the Grand Final. These included host country Austria, the Big 5 (France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom), Australia and the twenty countries which qualified from the semi-finals.

### First semi-final 
The first semi-final took place on Tuesday, the 19th May 2015. 16 countries participated in this semi-final. Those 16 countries plus Austria, France and Spain voted in this semi-final. The rankings from each country's jury vote and public vote were combined and the ten best ranked countries qualified for the final.

### Second semi-final 
The second semi-final took place on Thursday, the 21th May 2015. 17 countries participated in this semi-final. Those countries plus Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom voted in this semi-final. The rankings from each country's jury vote and public vote were combined and the ten best ranked countries qualified for the final.

### Grand Final 
The Grand Final took place on Saturday, the 23th May 2015. The 27 finalists were Austria, the Big Five, the twenty qualifiers from the semi-finals and Australia, who was invited as a special guest. The winner was Sweden, with the song "Heroes" by Måns Zelmerlöw. 
Each country used a jury vote and a public vote to rank the songs. The rankings were combined and the ten songs that ranked highest in both votes were awarded points on a scale of 12, 10 and 8 to 1 (with 12 going to the highest ranked, 10 to the second and 8 to 1 from the third to tenth). Once each country had awarded their points, the winner was declared.
Fartuun Adan

]]
**Fartuun Abdisalaan Adan** (, ) is a Somali social activist.

## Life 
Fartuun grew up in Somalia. She married Elman Ali Ahmed, a local entrepreneur and peace activist. The couple had four daughters. Fartuun is the organization's Executive Director. Fartuun's daughter Ilwad works with her.

Through the center, Fartuun also co-founded Sister Somalia, the country's first program to help victims of sexual violence.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Sister Somalia
* 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Friedrich L. Bauer

**Friedrich Ludwig Bauer** (10 June 1924 – 26 March 2015) was a German computer scientist and professor emeritus at the Technical University of Munich. He served in the Wehrmacht in World War II.

## Other websites
*Oral history interview with Friedrich L. Bauer, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Bauer discusses his education and early research, including the European side of the development of ALGOL, as well as his later work in numerical analysis and programming languages.
*Photograph of F. L. Bauer (provided by Brian Randell)
*Bauer about Rutishauser at a symposium at the ETH Zürich in 2002
Miroslav Ondříček

** Miroslav Ondříček** (November 4, 1934 – March 28, 2015) was a Czech cinematographer. He worked on over 40 movies including *Amadeus*, *Ragtime* and *If....*. He was nominated for two Academy Awards and won a BAFTA Award.

Ondříček was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic). He studied filmmaking at the Barrandov Studio Training School. Ondříček died in Prague at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bud, Not Buddy

***Bud, Not Buddy*** is a children's novel written by Christopher Paul Curtis. It is set in Michigan in 1936. It was published in 1999. The book won the Newbery Medal in 2000, for  in American children's literature.

## References
American Beauty/American Psycho

***American Beauty/American Psycho*** (sometimes abbreviated as AB/AP) is a studio album by punk rock group Fall Out Boy. It was d on January 20, 2015. This was the second album the band recorded since getting back together in 2013. The band wrote the music for the album while on tour with Paramore.

The band released a single ("Centuries") on September 9th, 2014. This was before the album itself was complete. "Centuries" reached No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. It reached first position on the UK Rock and Metal Chart. The album debuted at No. 1 on the US Billboard 200 album chart. It sold the  of 218,000 copies in its first week. It became the band's third No. 1 album.

## Track listing
# "Irresistible"
# "American Beauty/American Psycho"
# "Centuries"
# "The Kids Aren't Alright"
# "Uma Thurman"
# "Jet Pack Blues"
# "Novocaine"
# "Fourth of July"
# "Favorite Record"
# "Immortals"
# "Twin Skeleton's (Hotel in NYC)

## References
Yusuf Mohamed Ismail

**Yusuf Mohamed Ismail** (, &lrm;; 11 September 1960 &ndash; 27 March 2015), also known as **Bari-Bari**, was a Somali politician and diplomat. He joined diplomatic services in 2007. At the time of his death, he was the Ambassador to Switzerland and the Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva since 4 April 2008.

Ismail was born in Bologna, Italy to an aristocratic Somali Muslim family. He studied at the University of Bologna. He was married and had children.

On 27 March 2015, Ismail was injured in an attack by al-Shabaab militants at the Makka al-Mukarama hotel in Mogadishu while attending a conference. He later died from his injuries in hospital, aged 54. He was buried in Garoowe, Puntland on 29 March.

## References
## Other websites
* Official webpage at somaligov.net
Tila Tequila

**Nguyễn Thị Thiên Thanh** (born October 24, 1981), better known by her stage names **Tila Tequila**, **Tila Nguyen**, **Miss Tila** and **Tornado Thien**. She was born in Singapore. She moved with her family at an young age to Houston, Texas. She is perhaps best known for her reality series *A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila* on MTV.

## Career 
She first became well known because she was very active on social media websites. She later worked as a model in many men’s magazines, including *Playboy*, *Stuff*, and *Maxim*. 

She became the most popular person on the website Myspace. Because of this, she got a chance to have her own reality TV show. In 2007, her dating show *A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila* was shown on MTV. The show was about her dating both men and women. It ran for two seasons and was MTV’s second most-watched show premiere that year.

## References
Quarter Pounder

The **Quarter Pounder** is a hamburger sold by international fast food chain McDonald's. Until 2015, the weight of the uncooked patty was four ounces (a quarter of a pound) (113.4 grams).  Since 2015, the weight of a patty has been 4.25 ounces (120 grams). The Quarter Pounder has two buns, two slices of American cheese, pickles, and onions, as well as ketchup and mustard. The Quarter Pounder was created by Al Bernardin, a franchise owner, in Fremont, California, in 1971 as a competitor to the Whopper from Burger King. In mid-2023, Mcdonald's introduced a spicy variant of the hamburger which had sliced Jalapeño peppers. McDonald’s had over 100 million restaurants.
## Related pages
* Junk food
* French fries
* Fried chicken
## Nutrition Facts
## Other websites
* Quarter Pounder at mcdonalds.com
## References
Hand in My Pocket

**"Hand in My Pocket"** is a rock song by Alanis Morissette. It was from her third studio album *Jagged Little Pill*. The album peaked at number one in Canada. In the United States it hit number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart. The song was released as a single on 31 October 1995 in the United States. It became her second song to hit number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. A music video in black and white was released for the single showing Morissette at a festival driving her car.

## References
Head over Feet

**"Head over Feet"** is a rock song from singer Alanis Morissette from *Jagged Little Pill*. The song talks of a couple who are best friends and lovers. It got positive reviews by critics.

The song was released on 16 September 1996 in North America. It hit #1 on *Billboard* Adult Top 40.

## References
String Quartet No. 14 (Beethoven)

The **String Quartet No. 14** in C minor, Opus 131, is a string quartet by Ludwig van Beethoven. He wrote it between November 1825 and July 1826. It was published in Mainz, Germany in April 1827 (after Beethoven's death) with a dedication to Baron Joseph von Stutterheim.

The work consists of seven movements played without a break:

#Adagio ma non troppo e molto espressivo
#Allegro molto vivace
#Allegro moderato
#Andante ma non troppo e molto cantabile
#Presto
#Adagio quasi un poco andante
#Allegro
It is about 40 minutes in length.

## References
Åsa Romson

**Åsa Elisabeth Romson** (born 22 March 1972) is Swedish politician. On 3 October 2014, she became the Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden and Minister for the Environment.

## References
Gustav Fridolin

**Per Gustav Edvard Fridolin** (born 10 May 1983) is a Swedish politician. On 3 October 2014, he became the Minister of Education in Sweden under Stefan Löfven.

## References
Alice Bah Kuhnke

**Alice Bah Kuhnke** (born **Alice Bah** 21 December 1971) is a Swedish politician and television presenter. In October 2014, she became the Minister of Culture and Democracy in Sweden under Stefan Löfven. She joined the Green Party three days before being appointed.

Bah Kuhnke presented the *Mickey Mouse Club* during the early 1990s on SVT. She had her own talk show on TV4 called *Alice Bah* between 1998 and 1999.

## References
Complete Genomics

**Complete Genomics** (CG) is an American biotech company. They  DNA as a commercial service. CG has created commercial a DNA sequencing platform for human genome. The company was founded in 2006. It is based in Mountain View, California

In March 2013, Complete Genomics was bought by BGI-Shenzhen. It is the world’s largest genomics services company. BGI is a 4,000-person company in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It provides sequencing and bioinformatics services for commercial science, medical, agricultural, and environmental uses.

In February 2009, Complete Genomics said that it had sequenced its first human genome. They gave the results to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. In November 2009, CG published sequence data for three human genomes in the journal 
*Science*. By the end of 2009, CG had sequenced 50 human genomes. By 2015, the company has sequenced more than 20,000 genomes.

In 2014, CC worked with Radboud University (The Netherlands), Maastricht University Medical Centre (The Netherlands) and Central South University (China) to identify a major causes of intellectual disability.

## References
Manitoba Highway 1

**Manitoba Highway 1** is the section of the Trans-Canada Highway in Manitoba, Canada. It runs from west to east and is 490 kilometers (304 miles) long. It starts on the Saskatchewan border near Kirkella, Manitoba and connects with Saskatchewan Highway 1. The only major city it passes through is Winnipeg. The highway ends at the Ontario border near West Hawk Lake, where it is renamed Ontario Highway 17.

## References
Ontario Highway 4

'''King's Highway 4**, also known as **Highway 4''', is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 3 in Southwold. It then continues northward until ending at Highway 8 in Clinton. It is 100.8 kilometers (62.6 miles) long. The highway passes through Elgin County, Middlesex County, and Huron County. It also passes through the major cities of St. Thomas and London.

## References
Dusty the Klepto Kitty

**Dusty the Klepto Kitty** was a famous Snowshoe cat. He became popular in early 2011 for his acts of "burglary" in his neighborhood.

By then, Dusty had stolen 16 car wash mitts, 7 sponges, 213 dish towels, 7 wash cloths, 5 bath towels, 18 shoes, 73 socks, 100 gloves, 1 pair of mittens, 3 aprons, 40 balls, 4 pairs of underwear, 1 dog collar, 6 rubber toys, 1 blanket, 3 leg warmers, 2 Frisbees, 1 golf club cover, 1 safety mask, 2 mesh bags, 1 bag of water balloons, 1 pair of pajama pants, 8 swimsuits, and 8 other objects. 

His behavior got him an appearance on the *Late Show with David Letterman* in February 2011. 

He got the nickname "Klepto Kitty"" because of the word Kleptomania.  He had already taken more than 600 items from the gardens he roams around in. Most of his theft happens at night. The most he has brought home at once is eleven things, his owners say. He has even been caught on camera carrying home a bra.

## Early years 
Dusty was born on March 20, 2006. He lived in San Mateo, California.  He was adopted from an animal shelter; the Peninsula Humane Society. His owners are Jean Chu and Jim Coleman.

For his first two years, Dusty stayed home and seemed to be a normal cat. But in 2008, his owners began to find items and clothes that did not belong to them showing up in the house. Sometimes, the cat would put them in his owner's bed. They began to suspect that their cat was bringing them home. This turned out to be very true.

## Fame 
Dusty didn't really get much attention outside of his neighborhood until February 2011. Animal Planet had read about him in People magazine. Animal Planet had a TV show named *Must Love Cats* and they made a feature about Dusty.  Their crew was able to set up a night vision camera and catch Dusty bringing home his treasures. After this, there was a news story on KGO TV station in San Francisco .  He began to be seen in YouTube videos and got famous on the internet. He was interviewed with his owners on the *Late Show with David Letterman* on February 22, 2011.

## Other events 
After he was seen on Letterman's show and other news shows around the world, Dusty became a celebrity.  He has been shown at many community events in the San Francisco Bay Area. He was the Grand Marshal of the Redwood City Pet Parade in May 2011. 

Because Dusty was adopted from the Peninsula Humane Society animal shelter, he made a celebrity appearance at their annual adopt-a-thon in June, 2011. Some of his unclaimed stolen items were shown.  They were given away to people who gave a donation.

Some of the kitty-cam movie for the Animal Planet documentary was used as a bonus feature on the DVD release for the 2011 movie *Puss in Boots*.  It is named "Klepto Kitty". It is about three minutes and a half minutes long.

He has a Facebook page for his fans. It shows pictures of the latest things that Dusty brings home.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Facebook page
* Klepto Feline Gives New Meaning to 'Cat' Burglar. ABC News (San Francisco).
* "Klepto Cat" to Make Celebrity Appearance. ABC News (San Francisco).
* The Klepto Kitty | Must Love Cats
Harold Prince

**Harold Smith Prince** (born **Harold Smith**; January 30, 1928 – July 31, 2019) was an American theatrical producer and director. He won 21 Tony Awards. He was involved with *Cabaret*, *West Side Story* and *Madame Butterfly*.

He was born in New York City. Prince died on 31 July 2019 in Reykjavík, Iceland at the age of 91.

## References
Fred Robsahm

**Fred Otto Robsahm** (29 June 1943 &ndash; 26 March 2015) was a Norwegian movie actor. He worked on a few Italian spaghetti westerns in the 1960s and 70s. He was married to Italian movie actress Agostina Belli for 15 years.

## Movies
* 1968 *Barbarella*
* 1969 *Flashback*
* 1969 *Nel giorno del signore*
* 1971 *Black Killer*
* 1973 *Sepolta viva*
* 1973 *Ingrid sulla strada*
* 1974 *Il figlio della sepolta viva*
* 1974 *Lucrezia giovane*
* 1974 *Carambola*
* 1975 *So Young, So Lovely, So Vicious...*
* 2007 *Natural Born Star*

## Other websites
* Dagbladet - Fred was once a film star
* Norwegian film foundation on Natural born star 
*
Daundre Barnaby

**Daundre Barnaby** (December 9, 1990 – March 27, 2015) was a Canadian track runner in the 400m. He competed for the Mississippi State Bulldogs and ran for Canada at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing 6th in his heat in the 400m.

Barnaby disappeared on March 27, 2015 while swimming in the ocean at a training camp in Saint Kitts, and was declared dead later that same day.

## References
Rik Battaglia

**Rik Battaglia** (**Caterino Bertaglia**; 18 February 1927 – 27 March 2015) was an Italian movie actor. He was born at Corbola, near Rovigo, Veneto. He was known for his roles in *Old Shatterhand*  (1963), *Die Pyramide des Sonnengottes* (1965), *Das Vermächtnis des Inka* (1965), *Black Jack* (1968), *Winnetou und sein Freund Old Firehand*, *Winnetou und Shatterhand im Tal der Toten* (1968), *White Fang* (1973), *Challenge to White Fang* (1974) in and *A Man Called Blade* (1977).

## Other websites
*
Juan Carlos Maccarone

**Juan Carlos Maccarone** (19 October 1940 &ndash; 29 March 2015) was an Argentine Roman Catholic retired bishop. In 1996, he became bishop in Roman Catholic Diocese of Chascomús. On 18 February 1999, Maccarone was nominated as bishop in Roman Catholic Diocese of Santiago del Estero.

In 2005, a video was published, which showed Maccarone having sex together with a 23-year-old man.
 Maccarone resigned as bishop on 19 August 2005.

## References
Satellite DNA

**Satellite DNA** has many sections of repeating, non-coding DNA. 

Satellite DNA is a type of tandem repeat. The repeats sit next to each other, in tandem. These are multiple copies of the same base-pair sequence lying end-to-end. Tandem repeats also include **minisatellite** and **microsatellite** DNA. 
Satellite DNA is the main component of centromeres. It forms the main part of heterochromatin.

The most common type of tandem repeat is the heterochromatin, which sits on chromosomes around the centromeres and elsewhere. It is "transcriptionally inactive", meaning, it does not code for proteins.

## References
Tandem repeat

**Tandem repeats** occur in DNA when a pattern of nucleotides is repeated. The repeats sit next to each other, in tandem. These are multiple copies of the same base-pair sequence lying end-to-end. 

An example would be:   ATTCG ATTCG ATTCG   in which the sequence ATTCG is repeated three times.

## Terminology 
If between 10 and 60 nucleotides are repeated, it is called a minisatellite. Those with fewer are known as microsatellites or 'short tandem repeats'.

When exactly two nucleotides are repeated, it is called a *dinucleotide repeat* (for example: ACACACAC…).

When three nucleotides are repeated, it is called a *trinucleotide repeat* (for example: CAGCAGCAGCAG…). Abnormalities in such regions can give rise to trinucleotide repeat disorders.

The repeat unit copy number may be variable. This is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). 

## Uses 
A tandem repeat pattern helps determine an individual's inherited traits. Tandem repeats can be very useful in determining parentage. Short tandem repeats are used for certain genealogical DNA tests.

In genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling, DNA is examined from tandem repeats in the chromosomal DNA.  

## Reference
You Oughta Know

**"You Oughta Know"** is a song from Alanis Morissette from her third studio album *Jagged Little Pill*. It reached the Top 10 in Australia and the United States.

The song was released in the United States on July 7, 1995. It received generally positive reviews by critics.

## References
B.J. Crosby

**B.J. Crosby** (November 23, 1952 – March 27, 2015) was an American jazz vocalist, singer, and actress. In 1995, Crosby received a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical nomination for her performance in the musical, ''Smokey Joe's Cafe*. Her role in *Smokey Joe's Cafe'' included solo parts in the songs "Hound Dog" and "Fools Fall in Love." Crosby was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Crosby died in New Orleans, Louisiana from a diabetic stroke, aged 62.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Santa Barbara County, California

**Santa Barbara County** is a county in the U.S. state of California. It is in the southern part of the state. The county seat is Santa Barbara. At the 2020 United States census, 448,229 people lived in the county.

## References
Helmut Dietl

**Helmut Dietl** (22 June 1944 – 30 March 2015) was a German movie director and author. He was born in Bad Wiessee, but raised in Munich, Germany. He was known for directing the popular television series *Monaco Franze – Der ewige Stenz*. 

## Death
Dietl died of lung cancer in Munich, Germany, aged 70.

## Awards
*1996 Bavarian Film Awards, Best Director
*2013 Deutscher Filmpreis, lifetime achievement award
*2014 Bambi Award, lifetime achievement award

## References
## Other websites
*
Greater prairie chicken

The **greater prairie chicken** (*Tympanuchus cupido*), also known as a **boomer**, is a large bird in the grouse family. They come from North America. There used to be many of them. Because of habitat destruction, there are few left in some parts of its range. In other parts, there are none at all. People are trying to save the ones that are left.

Adults of both sexes are medium to large birds. They are similar to chickens. They have round wings and short tails.

## References
## Other websites
Marilyn Horne

**Marilyn Horne** (born January 16, 1934) is an American opera singer. She is a mezzo-soprano. She has won four Grammy Awards.

She was born in Bradford, Pennsylvania. She grew up in Long Beach, California.

## References
Optic tectum

The **optic tectum** is a major part of the midbrain of vertebrates. In vertebrates such as fish, reptiles and birds, it is the main visual processor of the brain. 

In mammals, however, most of the work is done in the visual cortex. This is at the back of the cerebral cortex. The tectum does preliminary visual processing, and controls eye movement. When human anatomy textbooks use the term **superior colliculus** they are referring to the tectum. The diagram is based on human anatomy.

## Mechanism 
Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world. If neurons at a point in the map fire, it starts a response towards the corresponding point in space. In primates, the tectum ("superior colliculus") directs eye movements. Visual input from the retina, or "command" input from the cerebral cortex, create a "bump" of activity in the tectal map. If strong enough, this causes an eye movement.  

In primates, the tectum is also involved in generating head turns, arm-reaching movements, and shifts in  which do not involve any movements. In other species, the tectum is involved in a wide range of responses, including whole-body turns in walking rats, swimming fishes, or flying birds; tongue-strikes toward prey in frogs; fang-strikes in snakes, etc.

In some non-mammal species, including fish and birds, the tectum is one of the largest components of the brain. In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the tectum ("superior colliculus") to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. It still is the main integrating centre for eye movements.

## References
Kulula.com

.]]
**kulula.com** was a low-cost carrier from South Africa. It had a partnership with British Airways. The name *kulula* means *easily* in the Zulu language. kulula suspended operations on june 2022 in the same year it was placed at liquidation

## References
Trogon

The **trogons** and **quetzals** are birds in the order **Trogoniformes** which has only one family, the **Trogonidae**. There are 39 living species in seven genera.

The fossil record of the trogons dates back 49 million years to the mid-Eocene. The word "trogon" is Greek for "nibbling" and refers to the fact that these birds gnaw holes in trees to make their nests.

Trogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide. The greatest diversity is in the Neotropics, where four genera, with 24 species occur. The genus *Apaloderma* has the three African species. The genera *Harpactes* and *Apalharpactes*, with twelve species, live in southeast Asia.

They feed on insects and fruit. Their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they do not fly long distances. Trogons are generally not migratory. They have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They are the only type of animal with a heterodactyl toe arrangement. They nest in holes dug into trees or termite nests, laying 2–4 white or pastel-coloured eggs.

## References 
 is one of two species endemic to the islands of the Caribbean]]
Black mangrove

The **black mangrove** (*Avicennia germinans*) is one of the species of mangrove commonly found in a mangrove forest. Black mangroves have aerial roots. Black mangroves can be found in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and the Americas.
Rebecca Simonsson

**Rebecca Stella Simonsson** (born 29 September 1985) is a Swedish model and television presenter. She was part of the music group Sunblock. She presents the "after show" for the reality series *Paradise Hotel*.

## References
Ed van den Heuvel

**Edward Peter Jacobus (Ed) van den Heuvel** (born 2 November 1940) is a Dutch astronomer and emeritus professor at the Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek of the University of Amsterdam.

## Early life
Van den Heuvel was born in Soest, The Netherlands. He studied mathematics, physics and astronomy at the Utrecht University.

## Career
Van den Heuvel is well known for his work on the formation and evolution of compact astrophysical objects such as neutron stars, black holes, and white dwarfs in binary systems, and for his investigation of gamma ray bursts. During his career he held jobs at (amongst others) the University of California, Utrecht University, Institute for Advanced Study, and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1992.

## References
## Other websites
* Website van Ed van den Heuvel 
* Program symposium *Wij Zijn Van Sterrenstof Gemaakt*, 27 October 2005.
Eric Saade

**Eric Saade** (born 29 October 1990 in Helsingborg, Sweden) is a Swedish-Palestinian singer. He spent two years with as boy band called What's Up!. He left the band in February 2009 to for a solo career.

He won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2011 with the song "Popular". He represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany, placing third in the final.

Saade is of Palestinian descent on his father's side.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official Facebook account
* Official Twitter account
*Official YouTube channel
Måns Zelmerlöw

**Måns Petter Albert Sahlén Zelmerlöw** (born 13 June 1986) is a Swedish singer and television presenter. He is known for winning the Eurovision Song Contest 2015.

## Career 
He was a contestant on the Swedish talent singing competition *Idol 2005*. He won ''Let's Dance'' 2006, both broadcasted on TV4. 

Zelmerlöw won Melodifestivalen in 2015, earning the right to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with his song "Heroes". In the Eurovision final Zelmerlöw won with 365 points. He was the presenter of the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 held in Stockholm along with Petra Mede. He has also been involved with other Eurovision events. He had placed in the bottom three once and the bottom two twice.

## References
Ace Wilder

**Alice Kristina Ingrid Gernandt** (born 23 July 1982 in Stockholm), better known by her stage name **Ace Wilder**, is a Swedish singer and songwriter. She is best known for taking part in Melodifestivalen 2014 were she placed second behind Sanna Nielsen.

## References
Larry Page

**Lawrence "Larry" Page** (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist, Internet entrepreneur, and business magnate He co-founded Google with Sergey Brin. Page was born in East Lansing, Michigan.

## References
Postcard

]]
, and a message]]
A **postcard** or **post card** is a rectangular piece of paper or cardboard, which is intended to send a short message by post. Usually, a postcard is mailed without an envelope. Modern postcards usually have a photo or an image on one side of the card, the other side contains space for writing the address and a short message. The first postcards were used in the second half of the 19th century. Today, many people send postcards when they are on holiday. The designs of post cards have evolved since the early ages and many prefer to send personalized post cards now which gives a personal touch or adds a feeling or emotion to it.

## Other websites 
* 

www.cpaphil.com Cpaphil is the largest site offering more than 1m vintage postcards online
Leroy Jethro Gibbs

**Leroy Jethro Gibbs** is a fictional character from the CBS Television series *NCIS*, played by Mark Harmon. He is an ex-Scout Sniper for the United States Marines turned Special agent. He commands a team for the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. Gibbs is the most skilled marksman on the team. He is the most skilled at handling violent s. He is also a skilled interrogator. Gibbs is a natural leader who always accomplishes his . 

## References
Jesse Metcalfe

**Jesse Eden Metcalfe** (born December 9, 1978) is an American actor. He was born in Carmel Valley Village, California. Metcalfe is mostly known for his role as John Rowland in the series *Desperate Housewives*. 

Metcalfe has also had roles on the soap opera  *Passions* and in the movie *John Tucker Must Die*. He played Christopher Ewing in the continuation of *Dallas* based on the 1978 series of the same name.

## References
Yolanda Hadid

**Yolanda Hadid** (née **van den Herik**, previously **Foster**; born January 11, 1964) is a Dutch-American television , model, and interior designer.

She was born and raised in Papendrecht, South Holland. She was married to Palestinian real-estate developer Mohamed Hadid from 1994 until they divorced in 2000. They had two daughters, models Gigi Hadid and Bella Hadid and a son, Anwar. She married Canadian musician David Foster in 2011. They divorced in 2017.

She was one of the leading personalities on the reality series *The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills*. She has modelled in places such as Paris, Tokyo and Sydney for Eileen Ford.

## Early life 
Yolanda van den Herik was born on January 11, 1964, in Papendrecht, South Holland, Netherlands, to Ans and Gerard van den Herik. She has a brother named Leo. When Yolanda was seven years old, her father tragically died in a car accident, leaving her mother to raise both children on her own.

## Career 
Dutch designer Frans Molenaar asked her to fill in for a model at a show, where she was discovered by Eileen Ford and signed with Ford Models. She then went on to model in cities like Paris, Milan, Sydney, Cape Town, Tokyo, New York, Los Angeles, and Hamburg.

## Filmography 
### Music videos 
## References
Special agent

In the United States, a **special agent** is a detective or investigator who s ed violations of federal, state or local laws. Special agents may also carry firearms and make arrests. To become special agents most s must pass  and  examinations. In the FBI, like many agencies, applicants must go through a background check.

## History 
Congress was the first to use the title in 1801 when they changed the name of U.S.Post office "surveyors" to "special agents". In 1880, the U.S. Congress created the position of "Chief Postal Inspector" and renamed these special agents to postal inspectors.

## Agencies 
The following US federal agencies use special agents:

State level:
* California Department of Justice (CA DOJ)
* United States Department of Agriculture
** United States Forest Service 
* United States Department of Commerce
* United States Department of Health and Human Services
* United States Department of the Interior
* United States Department of Homeland Security
** Coast Guard Investigative Service
** U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
** U.S. Customs and Border Protection
** United States Secret Service
* United States Department of the Interior
* United States Department of Defense
** United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations
** United States Army Criminal Investigation Command
** Naval Criminal Investigative Service
* United States Department of Justice
** Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
** Drug Enforcement Administration
** Federal Bureau of Investigation
** United States Marshals Service
* United States Department of State
* United States Department of Transportation
* United States Department of the Treasury
** Internal Revenue Service
* United States Postal Service
* United States Environmental Protection Agency

## References 
## Other websites 
* FBI Special Agent Salary and Job Description
24 (2001 movie)

***24*** is a 2001 Czech thriller movie. It was directed by David Beránek and stars Barbora Seidlová and Martin Trnavský. It happens during 24 hours and follows a man and a woman on the run in the Czech Republic. The movie was released through Bontonfilm on 11 January 2001.

## Cast
* Pavel Trnavský as Martin
* Barbora Seidlová as dívka
* Jiří Tomek as grandfather

## References
Bab El-Oued City

***Bab El-Oued City*** is a 1994 Algerian drama movie. It was directed by Merzak Allouache. It was shown in the Un Certain Regard portion of the 1994 Cannes Film Festival. It won the FIPRESCI Award.

## Cast
* Nadia Kaci - Yamina
* Mohamed Ourdache - Said
* Hassan Abidou - Boualem
* Mabrouk Ait Amara - Mabrouk
* Messaoud Hattau - Mess
* Mourad Khen - Rachid
* Djamila - Lalla Djamila
* Simone Vignote - The aunt
* Michel Such - Paulo Gosen
* Nadia Samir - Ouardya
* Areski Nebti - Hassan the baker
* Osmane Bechikh - The postman
* Fawzi B. Saichi - The shoemender
* Fatma Zohra Bouseboua - Hanifa
* Ahmed Benaissa - The Imam

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Naval Criminal Investigative Service

The **United States Naval Criminal Investigative Service** (**NCIS**) is the primary law enforcement agency of the United States Department of the Navy (DON). It investigates activities concerning crimes against or by United States Navy and U.S. Marine Corps personnel. It also is tasked with national security, counter-intelligence, and counter-terrorism cases. NCIS is the successor organization to the former **Naval Investigative Service** (**NIS**).

## Organization 
About half of the 2,500 NCIS employees are civilian special agents. They are trained to carry out a wide variety of assignments at locations around the world. NCIS special agents are  federal law enforcement investigators. They frequently  with other U.S. government agencies. NCIS special agents are supported by other employees. These include s and experts in forensics, surveillance, surveillance countermeasures, computer investigations, physical security, and polygraph examinations. At times NCIS will use outside agencies. For example, they have used the Smithsonian Institution to help identify skeletal remains.

## History 
NCIS traces its roots to Navy Department General Order 292 of 1882, signed by William H. Hunt, Secretary of the Navy. This established the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). At first the ONI was tasked with collecting information on the characteristics and weaponry of foreign vessels, charting foreign passages, rivers, or other bodies of water, and touring overseas fortifications, industrial plants, and shipyards.

When the US entered World War I, the ONI's responsibilities expanded to include espionage, sabotage, and intelligence gathering on the Navy's potential enemies. In World War II the ONI became responsible for the investigation of sabotage, espionage and subversive activities that posed any kind of threat to the Navy.

In 1966, NIS was established as a part of ONI. The new service answered to the  of Naval Intelligence. In the early 1970s a special agent was assigned to the *USS Intrepid* for six months. This was the beginning of the Special Agent Afloat program. Special agents are assigned to an aircraft carrier for a one-year deployment. Now an independent agency their director was a civilian. NCIS works with local, state, federal and  law enforcement agencies. They investigate and counter crimes including terrorism, homicide, espionage, arson, child abuse and rape. Within the Navy they investigate felonies and crimes punishable under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. NCIS provides protective services for key Navy leaders. They also provide services to protect all members of the US Navy wherever they are serving.

## References 
## Other websites 
* NCIS home page 
* NCIS Special Agent Job Information
Diahann Carroll

**Diahann Carroll** (born **Carol Diahann Johnson**; July 17, 1935 &ndash; October 4, 2019) was an American television and stage actress, model and singer. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Later she played the role of Dominique Deveraux on the popular soap opera, *Dynasty*. 

Carroll was born in the Bronx and raised in Harlem. She was briefly engaged to British journalist David Frost. In 1997, she was diagnosed with breast cancer, but was cancer-free after radiation therapy. Carroll died of cancer on October 4, 2019 in Los Angeles at the age of 84.

## References
Kitty Jutbring

**Anna Maria Kitty Skura Jutbring** (born 8 April 1977) is a Swedish reality television contestant, radio/television host, She became known in Sweden after being a housemate on the second series of *Big Brother* in 2002. After that, she became a radio and television host. She has hosted shows on Sveriges Radio P3 and Sveriges Television.

Jutbring has been an active supporter of feminism and equal opportunities for women. She has been particularly vocal regarding the situation of young girls in Sweden regarding issues of body consciousness and sex.

Jutbring has also been an active activist for the new and controversial gender neutral personal pronoun *hen*.

## Personal life
At the end of 2012, Jutbring and her boyfriend Per Störby had their first child, a daughter.

## References
Anna Kinberg Batra

**Anna Maria Kinberg Batra** (born 14 April 1970) is a Swedish politician. In January 2015, she became the leader of the Moderate Party the main opposition party in Sweden as of 2015.

She resigned as Party Leader on 25 August 2017.

## References
Sally Forrest

**Sally Forrest** (born **Katherine Feeney**; May 28, 1928 – March 15, 2015), was an American movie, stage and TV actress of the 1940s and 1950s. She was known for her role in *Rawhide*. Forrest was born in San Diego, California.

Forrest died of cancer at her home in Beverly Hills, California, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Carlos Gaviria Díaz

**Carlos Emilio Gaviria Díaz** (8 May 1937 – 31 March 2015) was a Colombian lawyer, professor and politician. He served as the 5th Chief Magistrate of the Constitutional Court of Colombia, where he served as a Magistrate from 1993 to 2001.

After retiring from the Court, he went into politics becoming a Senator of Colombia in 2002. He ran for President as an Alternative Democratic Pole candidate in the 2006 presidential election, ultimately losing to ex-president Álvaro Uribe Vélez, who was seeking his second term in office.

## References
## Other websites
Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld

**Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld** (21 October 1921 – 30 March 2015) was a Dutch astronomer. She worked at the Leiden Observatory. She analyzed new asteroids. She is thanked for finding several thousand new asteroid discoveries.

Van Houten-Groeneveld died on 30 March 2015, at the age of 93, in Oegstgeest, Netherlands.

## References
Philip A. Potter

**Philip Alford Potter** (19 August 1921 – 31 March 2015) was a Dominican religious leader. He was a leader in the Methodist Church. He was the third General Secretary of the World Council of Churches (1972–1984).

Potter was born at Roseau, Dominica, West Indies into a Christian family with a Protestant mother and a Catholic father. He died on 31 March 2015 in Lübeck, Germany, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
Eddie LeBaron

**Edward Wayne LeBaron, Jr.** (January 7, 1930 – April 1, 2015) was an American football quarterback in the 1950s and early 1960s in the National Football League. He played for the Washington Redskins, Calgary Stampeders, and for the Dallas Cowboys. 

He was added into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1980, into the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame in 2004 and was a charter inductee into the Sac-Joaquin Section Hall of Fame in October 2010. He died on April 1, 2015.

## References
Woozworld

**Woozworld** is a virtual gaming community and social network service. It was originally called Kidstudio 2.0. Woozworld was ed in 2010 and is in Montreal, Quebec. Woozworld allows kids and teens to connect with each other through profiles and other activities.

## Gameplay 
Woozworld is a fashion social network and virtual world where users build and fully personalize their character to create stories expressing their styles and to entertain with thousands of stylish clothes and outfits. It allows users to play as celebrities and design clothes, and decorate and design settings in the game. Users can also chat with each other. 

Users can create their avatar, play online, and build their own world. They can choose their own look, level up, design outfits in their closet, set new trends, throw parties and games, create challenges, compete in contests, rank on leaderboards, complete for the best designs, decorate spaces, earn achievements, adopt and train pets, craft items and collect resources, chat with friends (both in private, public, and group environments), go on quests, vote for each other, and run their own businesses.

## References
Nicolae Rainea

**Nicolae Rainea** (19 November 1933 – 1 April 2015), nicknamed *The Locomotive of the Carpathians*, was a Romanian football referee. He refereed at three FIFA World Cups (1974, 1978, 1982), the UEFA Euro 1980 Final, the 1983 European Cup Final, the second leg of the 1978 European Super Cup and the second leg of the 1978 UEFA Cup Final.

After an untreated mild cold turned into a pulmonary edema, Rainea suffered a cardiac arrest while in hospital. He died on 1 April 2015 in Bucharest. He was 81 years old.

## References
Taylor County, Texas

**Taylor County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 143,208 people lived there. The county seat is Abilene.  It was named for three brothers who died at the Battle of the Alamo, Edward Taylor, George Taylor, and James Taylor. Taylor County has been home to Dyess Air Force Base since 1942.

## References
Lana Wood

**Lana Wood** (born March 1, 1946) is an American actress and movie producer. She played Plenty O'Toole in the 1971 movie *Diamonds are Forever*. She played Sandy Webber in the television series *Peyton Place*.

## References
## Other websites
Range

**Range** might mean:

*Range (biology), the geographic area where a species lives
*Range (mathematics)
*Range (computer programming), list of values between a lower and upper limit
*Range (music), the distance from the lowest note to the highest note that a musical instrument can play
*Mountain range, a geographic area with many mountains
*Vocal range
*Rangeland, in ranching
*Kitchen stove, also called a *range*
*Range of motion
Watermelon stereotype

s were made to illustrate the watermelon stereotype; this is one of them.|379x379px]]
The **Watermelon stereotype** is the stereotypical view that black people can be made happy easily; they only need a watermelon and a little rest for their happiness. The stereotype was perpetuated in minstrel shows often depicting African Americans as ignorant and workshy, given to song and dance and inordinately fond of watermelon.  This stereotype is common in the United States, and probably goes back to the times of slavery: The people who were in favour of slavery wanted to show that black people were simple-minded and only needed few things for their happiness.
## References