open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dick Jones

**Richard Percy "Dick" Jones** (February 25, 1927 &ndash; June 30, 1965) was an American actor. He voiced Pinocchio in the second animated Disney movie, *Pinocchio*.

Jones died at his home on June 30, 1965 from complications from a fall at the age of 38.

## References
## Other websites
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Fier District

The **District of Fier** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Fier County.  There are199,442 people who live here. The capital is Fier. 

## References
Gjirokastër District

The **District of Gjirokastër** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. There are about 56,720 people.  Many of its people are Greek. The capital is Gjirokastër. It is part of Gjirokastër County.

## References
Gramsh District

The **District of Gramsh** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 24,230 people. The capital is Gramsh.

## References
Kavajë District

The **District of Kavajë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Tirana County. There are 82,921 people. The capital is Kavajë.

## References
Has District

The **District of Has** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is one of the smallest districts. There are 17,419 people.It is part of Kukës County.  The capital and only municipality is Krumë.

## References
Kolonjë District

The **Kolonjë District** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Korçë County. There are 14,318 people. The capital is Ersekë. 

## References
Korçë District

The **District of Korçë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is the second-largest district.  138,898 people live in the Korce District. The capital is Korçë.

## References
Krujë District

The **District of Krujë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Durrës County. There are 67,698 people. The capital is Krujë.

## References
Kukës District

The **District of Kukës** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. There are 45,616 people. The capital is Kukës.

## References
Lezhë District

The **District of Lezhë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Lezhë County. There are 77,184 people. The capital is Lezhë. The majority of the population is Catholic.

## References
Lushnjë District

The **District of Lushnjë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Fier County. There are 143,276 people. The capital is Lushnjë. 

## References
Elbasan District

The **District of Elbasan** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 224,689 people who live in the district. The capital is Elbasan. 

## References
Mat District

The **District of Mat** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Dibër County. It is named after the Mat River, that flows through the district. There are 48,803 people. The capital is Burrel.

## References
Mirditë District

The **District of Mirditë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Lezhë County. There are 26,668 people. The capital is Rrëshen. The region is known as a stronghold of devout Roman Catholicism and is the center of Catholics in Albania today.

## References
Përmet District

The **District of Përmet** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Gjirokastër County. There are 22,029 people. The capital is Përmet.

## References
Pogradec District

The **District of Pogradec** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Korçë County. There are 70,575 people.  The capital is Pogradec.

## References
Pukë District

The **District of Pukë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Shkodër County. There are 24,323 people. The capital is Pukë. 

## References
American Bandstand

***American Bandstand*** is an American music and amateur dance show. It was televised in various versions from 1952 to 1989 (rerun on ABC from 1992 to 2002). It was hosted from 1956 until its final season by Dick Clark. He was also its producer. The show "starred" teenagers off the street dancing to Top 40 hits introduced by Clark. At least one popular musical act would usually appear in person to lip sync one of their latest hits. Dick Clark became an American media mogul as a result of the show. It also inspired similar music programs, such as *Soul Train* and *Top of the Pops*.

## Other websites
Skrapar District

The **District of Skrapar** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Berat County. There are 10,200 people.  The capital is Çorovodë.

## References
Tirana District

The **District of Tirana** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is part of Tirana County. There are 717,426 people living there. people. The capital is Tirana.

## References
Tropojë District

The **District of Tropojë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Kukës County. There are 16,260 people. The capital is Bajram Curri.

## References
Vlorë District

The **District of Vlorë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Vlorë County. There are 151,314 people. The capital is Vlorë.

## References
Kurbin District

The **District of Kurbin** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Lezhë County. There are 54,977 people. The capital is Laç. The majority of the population is Catholic.

## References
Albanian Armed Forces

The **Albanian Armed Forces** were formed after the declaration of independence in 1912. There is the General Staff, the Albanian Army, the Albanian Air Force and the Albanian Naval Defense Forces.

The Albanian Army is helped by the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, the United Kingdom, Greece, Turkey, Switzerland, Denmark and Belgium.

## History
Although there were earlier Albanian armies the modern forces were founded in 1912.

In 1928 it had 8.000 soldiers.

The army grew up to 511.000 soldiers during the communist era due to forced conscription.

There are 14,500 troops and 2,000 civilians, trained to NATO standards.

## References
Albanian lek

The **lek** is the money used in Albania. For values higher than 1 it is called *lekë*.  100 qindarka make 1 lek but qindarka are not used any more.

The lek was formed in 1926 by King Zog and it is named after Alexander the Great.

## Other websites
* Banknotes of Albania
Mount Korab

river with the waterfall in the background.]]

**Mount Korab** is the highest mountain of North Macedonia and Albania.  Its peak is a border between the two countries. 

Mount Korab is pictured in the Coat of arms of North Macedonia.

## References 
## Other websites
Principality of Arbër

The **Principality of Arbër**, also known as **Arbanon** or **Arbëria**, was the first Albanian state.  It existed during the Middle Ages. It was formed around 1190. The Principality ended in 1255.

## References
League of Lezhë

The **League of Lezhë** (2 March 1444 – 25 April 1479) was a group of Albanian principalities.  It was formed in Lezhë on 2 March 1444. It was the first time most of Albania was united. It was started by Skanderbeg to fight the Ottoman Armies.

## References
Yttrium(III) oxide

**Yttrium oxide** is Y2O3. It is an air-stable, white solid substance. Yttrium oxide is used as a common starting material for both materials science as well as inorganic compounds.

## References
## Other websites
* Yttrium oxide information at Webelements.
* External MSDS Data Sheet .
Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest

'''''Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest*** (which was earlier called ***Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve''''') is a New Year's show that was originally hosted by Dick Clark until he had a stroke during 2004. It airs on ABC. It takes place in Times Square on December 31 of every year. It shows the yearly New Year's Eve ball drop. On December 31, 2004, Regis Philbin hosted the show because of Clark's stroke. The show has been hosted by Ryan Seacrest on New Year's Eve since December 31, 2005. Seacrest hosted with Clark until Clark's death in 2012.

Singer Rita Ora and Comedian Jeannie Mai have reported for this show from Los Angeles and Times Square, respectively.

## Show's history
In the December 31, 1999 show, it was called *ABC 2000 Today* because 2000 would mark a new millennium. Peter Jennings hosted this show.

## Other websites
* 
* 
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Sarandë District

The **District of Sarandë** is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is in Vlorë County. There are 48,474 people. The capital is the city of Sarandë.

## References
Karen Allen

**Karen Allen** (born October 5, 1951 in Carrollton, Illinois) is a theatre and movie actress. Mainly a stage actress, she started by playing small parts in movies. She is best known as Marion Ravenwood in *Raiders of the Lost Ark* (1981). Allen also costarred in the sequels *Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull* (2008), and *Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny* (2023).

## References 
## Other websites
Christian Slater

**Christian Slater** (born August 18 1969) is an American movie actor. He has acted in many movies, which include *Broken Arrow*, *Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles* and *Heathers*.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
### Stage
## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
* Christian Slater's Official Site 
* 
* 
*
Walter Pidgeon

**Walter Davis Pidgeon** (September 23, 1897 – September 25, 1984) was a Canadian actor. He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. He starred in many movies, including *Forbidden Planet*. He died in Santa Monica, California on September 25, 1984, two days after his 87th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bullet to the Head

***Bullet to the Head*** is a 2012 action thriller movie. Sylvester Stallone and Christian Slater star. The earlier plays a hitman.

## Plot
In New Orleans, hitman Jimmy Bobo and his partner Louis Blanchard kill a corrupt former Washington, D.C. policeman, Hank Greely. Bobo leaves a prostitute, Lola, alive. Later, at a bar, Blanchard is murdered by a man named Keegan. The man also threatens to kill Bobo.

Bobo and Detective Taylor Kwon meet each other in a bar. Kwon informs Bobo he knows Bobo and Blanchard killed Greely. Bobo leaves, and Kwon tries to follow him. Kwon is attacked by corrupt cops who were ordered by a man named Robert Morel to prevent Kwon from further investigating about Greely. Bobo rescues Kwon and takes him to a tattoo parlor. There, Bobo's estranged daughter, Lisa, treats Kwon's wounds. They later go to a massage parlor, where Bobo interrogates a middleman named Ronnie Earl, the man who hired Bobo and Blanchard on Morel's behalf. Ronnie Earl tries to kill Bobo. Bobo then kills Ronnie Earl, though his gun jams.

Bobo and Kwon agree to work together. They kidnap Morel's lawyer Marcus Baptiste and take him to Bobo's house. Baptiste is forced to give them a USB flash drive, which details Morel's plans to acquire housing projects and demolish them. Baptiste reveals Keegan is an ex-mercenary hired to be Morel's enforcer. After that, Bobo shoots him in the head.

## Cast
* Sylvester Stallone as James "Jimmy Bobo" Bonomo
* Sung Kang as Detective Taylor Kwon 
* Sarah Shahi as Lisa Bonomo
* Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Robert Nkomo Morel
* Christian Slater as Marcus Baptiste
* Jason Momoa as Keegan
* Jon Seda as Louis Blanchard
* Holt McCallany as Hank Greely
* Brian Van Holt as Ronnie Earl
* Weronika Rosati as Lola
* Dane Rhodes as Lieutenant Lebreton 
* Marcus Lyle Brown as Detective Towne
* Douglas M. Griffin as Baby Jack

## Reception
Rotten Tomatoes gave *Bullet to the Head* a 47% rating. Metacritic gave the movie a 48 score, meaning "mixed or average reviews". Jay Weissberg of *Variety* magazine called it a "kickass actioner driven by personality rather than plot."

## Box office
*Bullet to the Head* was Stallone's worst opening weekend box office in 32 years. The movie only took in almost $22 million, failing to bring back its $55 million budget.

## Awards
Stallone was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor in this movie.

## References
Respirator

.]]
 filtering facepiece respirator. It does not last as long as an elastomeric respirator.]]
A **respirator** is a kind of mask that is used to protect someone from breathing in dusts, fumes, or gases that might hurt them. Respirators come in many types and sizes. They are used by the military and industrial workers. They are also used by doctors in hospitals. To keep people safe, respirators keep air going *to* the filter by sealing to the face. This is not like a surgical mask, which does not seal to the face. This then causes air to go *by* the filter. 

A **filtering facepice respirator** is a respirator that is not made of plastic or rubber. They last for a shorter time.

**Atmosphere-supplying respirators** are respirators that use a gas cylinder to hold breathable air. They are often used by firefighters.

A type of respirator is a N95. Another is called an SCBA.

## Beards 
For men, some beards may up the amount of air that goes by the filter or respirator. To keep the face seal, NIOSH has a beard guide. This guide can be seen in the picture.

## References
## Related pages
*Fume hood
*Gas mask
*N95
Small shelly fossils

**Small shelly fossils** (**SSF**), or **small shelly fauna**, are tiny fossils, many only a few millimetres long. They have a record from the latest stages of the Ediacaran to the early Cambrian period. Almost all are from earlier rocks than more familiar fossils such as trilobites. Most SSFs were preserved by being covered quickly with phosphate. This method of preservation is mainly limited to the later Ediacaran and early Cambrian periods, so the animals that made them may have arisen earlier and continued after this time.

Some of the fossils represent the entire skeletons of small organisms, including the mysterious *Cloudina* and some snail-like molluscs. However, the bulk of the fossils are fragments or parts of larger organisms, including sponges, molluscs, slug-like halkieriids, brachiopods, echinoderms, and onychophoran-like organisms that may have been close to the ancestors of arthropods.

One of the early explanations for the appearance of the SSFs – and the evolution of mineralized skeletons – is a sudden increase in the ocean's concentration of calcium. However, many SSFs are made of other minerals, such as silica. The first SSFs appear around the same time as organisms first started burrowing to avoid predation, so it is likely that they represent early steps in an evolutionary arms race between predators and increasingly well-defended prey. Nevertheless, it is still true that the animals used minerals that were most easily accessible.

The small size and (usually) broken nature of SSFs makes them difficult to identify and classify. However, they provide evidence for how the main groups of marine invertebrates evolved, and for the pace and pattern of evolution in the Cambrian explosion. They include the earliest known representatives of some modern phyla, and they have the great advantage of presenting a nearly continuous record of early Cambrian organisms whose bodies include hard parts.
Kingdom of Bulgaria

The **Tsardom of Bulgaria** (), also called the **Third Bulgarian Tsardom** (), sometimes translated in English as **Kingdom of Bulgaria** (), was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe. It was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state became a Tsardom.

## References
Albanians

The **Albanians** (Albanian: Shqiptarët) is a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and Kosovo, who speak Albanian language as their mother tongue. They also form a significant minority in North Macedonia.

Albanians share a common ancestry, culture and history, the majority of ethnic Albanians are Muslim while a significant minority of them profess other religions such as Bektashi, and Catholics and Orthodox Christianity. Their National Hero is Skanderbeg. In the Ottoman Empire, Albanian Men were mostly represented in high ranks, like Muhammad Ali Pasha or Ali Pasha and the Köprülü family.
The Albanian Dynasty House of Zogu, was founded by King Zog I of Albania.
Muslim Albanian boys get circumcised with a sünnet-ceremony, this was taken at the time of the Ottoman Empire

## Notes
## References
Loretta Young

**Loretta Young** (born **Gretchen Young**, January 6, 1913 - August 12, 2000) was an American actress. Young was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, and moved to Hollywood, Los Angeles, California when she was three. Her sisters were actresses Polly Ann Young (1908-1997) and Sally Blane (1910-1997). 

Young won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in ''The Farmer's Daughter''. She won three Emmy Awards in the 1950s and a Golden Globe Award in 1986.

She was a devout Roman Catholic. She died of ovarian cancer in Los Angeles.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Constitution of Albania

The **Constitution of Albania** started on 28 November 1998. It made Albania a parliamentary republic.  The constitution makes 140 deputies who elect the President of Albania and the Council of Ministers.  The Council is the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister.

## Related pages
*Constitution
*Constitutionalism
*Constitutional economics
Prime Minister of Albania

The **prime minister of Albania**  (), officially styled **Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania** (), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and as well the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics. 

The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation and represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings.

The prime minister is appointed by the President of Albania. 

The 33rd and current officeholder is Edi Rama, who started his first four-year-term on 15 September 2013.

## List
## References
President of Albania

The **president of Albania**  (), officially styled **President of the Republic of Albania** () is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representative of the unity of the Albanian people.

The president has the power to set the date of the elections for the Parliament as well as referendum, grants pardons and awards.

## List of presidents (1925–present) 
## References
Greeks in Albania

The **Greeks of Albania** are ethnic Greeks who live in Albania. They are mostly in the south of the country.

The Greek language can only be spoken in 'minority zones'.

## References
Napa, California

**Napa** is a city in the U.S. state of California.  It is the county seat of Napa County. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Madeleine Astor

**Madeleine Astor** (19 June 1893&nbsp;– 27 March 1940) was an American socialite, who survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic. She was married to John Jacob Astor IV. Madeleine died on March 27, 1940. She died from heart failure, but some rumors say she overdosed on drugs.

## References 
## Other websites
Disney Parks, Experiences and Products

**Disney Parks, Experiences and Products** (formerly **Walt Disney Parks and Resorts**) is part of Disney Studios Corporation. 

The best well-known when, Disney sold their 50% of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, Disney Consumer Products began licensing the characters of Disney such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Pluto, Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, Snow White, Cinderella, Sheriff Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and Darth Vader among others for use in the parks.
## Disney resorts
*Disneyland Resort
*Walt Disney World Resort
*Tokyo Disney Resort
*Disneyland Paris
*Hong Kong Disneyland Resort
*Shanghai Disney Resort

## References
Voting Rights Act of 1965

The **Voting Rights Act of 1965** is a law of the United States. It made it easier for African-Americans and non-English speaking citizens to vote. In some parts of the United States, people were forced to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test before being allowed to vote. This process kept many African-Americans from voting. The Voting Rights Act made all of those practices illegal. It was directly signed by Lyndon B. Johnson on the 6th of August 1965.
Vlorë County

The **County of Vlorë** is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has the districts Delvinë, Sarandë and Vlorë.  The capital is Vlorë. There are about 211,773 people who live here.
Vlorë's western and southern edges are the shorelines of the Strait of Otranto.  It also has a small border with Greece. There are some Greek people who live here. 

## References
Symphonic metal

**Symphonic metal** is a genre that combines heavy metal with symphonic music.

## Notable bands
* Nightwish
* Within Temptation
Bok choy

**Bok choy** (also known as pak choi, boc choy, and pok choi) is classified as a Chinese cabbage.  It is part of the cabbage family and does not have the same stringiness. The dark green, crinkly leaves of the most common type are like Romaine lettuce. 

## History 
The Chinese, who have been cultivating the plant for more than 5000 years,  commonly refer to bok choy as pak choi or "white vegetable." Another common name is white cabbage.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Lucien Petipa

**Joseph Lucien Petipa** (22 December 1815  7 July 1898) was a French ballet dancer and choreographer. He was born in Marseille, France to choreographer and dancer Jean Petipa. He was the brother of Ballet Master of the Russian Imperial Ballet, Marius Petipa. Lucien made his Paris debut on 10 June 1840 in *La Sylphide* with Fanny Elssler. He partnered Carlotta Grisi in the first *Giselle*, the first *Paquita*, and many other ballets of the 1840s. He choreographed his first full-length ballet, *Sacountala*, in 1858. He choreographed a few other ballets, but devoted himself mostly to developing dancers. Between 186068, he was Ballet Master at the Paris Opéra Ballet, and later Professor of Mime at the Conservatory. In 1882, he produced his most popular and most successful ballet *Namouna*. He died in Versailles.

## Notes 
* Beaumont, Cyril W. (1996). *A Ballet Called Giselle*. Dance Books. pp.&nbsp;75–7 .

## Other websites
Basketball court

, Malaysia.]]

A **basketball court** is a place on which people play basketball. They are found within sports buildings and outside, and usually in front of people watching.

Basketball courts can be different sizes. A National Basketball Association court is .
Archaeometallurgy

**Archaeometallurgy** is a kind of archaeology. It is the study of metals in the past, specifically the content, production, and use of metals.

## Methods
Archaeometallurgy research is the analysis and comparison of the chemical composition of samples.
Bob Brown

**Robert James Brown**, also known as **Bob** (born 27 December, 1944), is a former Australian Greens Senator and former Parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens. 

He was the first openly gay member of the Parliament of Australia and the first openly gay leader of a political party in Australia. Prior to that, he served as a member for Denison in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1983 to 1993 and Leader of the Tasmanian Greens from their foundation in 1992 to 1993. On 13 April, 2012, Brown resigned as Greens leader and was succeeded by his deputy Christine Milne and indicated his intention to resign from the Senate in June. 

In May 2012 the replacement was selected and has been named as Peter Whish-Wilson who is an economist and winemaker who has previously stood for the greens and assumed office on 21 June 2012 and Senator Brown resigned on 15 June 2012.

## References
## Other websites
Barry O'Farrell

'''Barry Robert O'Farrell''' (born 24 May 1959) is a former Australian politician. He was 43rd Premier of New South Wales and Minister for Western Sydney. He was the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party from 2007 to 2014. On 16 April 2914, O'Farrell announced his resignation as Premier after giving misleading evidence to the Independent Commission Against Corruption. He resigned on 17 April 2014. Mike Baird was elected new NSW Liberal Leader and was sworn in as the new Premier of New South Wales on 23 April 2014.  

On 24 November 2014, O'Farrell announced his intention not to stand for re-election at the 2015 NSW election and to retire from politics. The Liberal candidate Alister Henskens was elected to succeed O'Farrell.

## References
## Other websites
Friend of Dorothy

in her role as Dorothy Gale in *The Wizard of Oz*]]

In gay slang, a **"friend of Dorothy"** (occasionally abbreviated **FOD**) is a term for a gay man. The phrase dates back to at least World War II, when homosexual acts were illegal in the United States. Stating that, or asking if, someone was a "friend of Dorothy" was a euphemism used for discussing sexual orientation without others knowing its meaning.

## Origin 
The origin of the phrase is most commonly attributed to the movie, *The Wizard of Oz* because Judy Garland, who starred as the main character Dorothy, is a gay icon. In the film, Dorothy is accepting of those who are different. For example the "gentle lion" living a lie, "I'm afraid there's no denyin', I'm just a dandy lion." Others claim that the phrase refers to celebrated humorist and critic Dorothy Parker, who included some gay men in her famous social circle.

## Misunderstanding 
In the early 1980s, the Naval Investigative Service was investigating homosexuality in the Chicago area. Agents discovered that gay men sometimes referred to themselves as "friends of Dorothy." Unaware of the historical meaning of the term, the NIS believed that a woman named Dorothy was at the center of a massive ring of homosexual military personnel. The NIS launched an enormous hunt for Dorothy, hoping to find her and convince her to reveal the names of gay servicemembers.

## Related pages 
*Judy Garland as gay icon

## References
## Further reading 
* Chauncey, George (1994). *Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Makings of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940*. New York: Basic Books.
* Duberman, Martin (1993). *Stonewall*. New York: Dutton. Lesbian and gay life before and after Stonewall, as seen by six contemporaries.
* Duberman, Martin, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey, Jr. (eds) (1989). *Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past*. New York: NAL Books. Twenty-nine essays covering aspects of the gay and lesbian world from ancient to contemporary times.
* Grahn, Judy (1990). *Another Mother Tongue: Gay Words, Gay Worlds*. Boston: Beacon Press. Explores the use of language to define gay and lesbian culture by examining stereotypes as access points into history.
* Katz, Jonathan (1992). *Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.: a Documentary History*. Rev. Ed. New York: Meridian.
* Marcus, Eric (1992). *Making History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights, 1945-1990: An Oral History*. New York: HarperCollins.

## Other websites 
* Cruise Critic on "Friends of Dorothy"
Magica

**Magica** is a Romanian power metal band.

## Line up 
### Current members 
* Ana Mladinovici - Vocals
* Bogdan "Bat" Costea - Guitar
* Tibi Dutu - Bass
* Emy - guitar
* Sebastian Natas - drums

### Former Members 
* Valentin "ÎngerAlb" Zechiu (2002–2008) *E-Bass*
* Cristi "Beavis" Bârlă (2003–2008) *Drums*
* Sorin Vlad (2007–2008) *E-bass*
* Bogdan Avrigeanu (2008-2011) - Bass
* 6fingers - keyboards

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
* *The Scroll of Stone*  (2002)
* *Lightseeker*  (2004)
* *Hereafter*  (2007)
* *Wolves and Witches*  (2008)
* *Dark Diary*  (2010)
* *Center of the Great Unknown* (2012)

### VHS 
* *Live in Paris* (2005)

## Other websites 
* 
* Magica at Rockdetector
* Magica  at AFM Records
* Magica at Encyclopaedia Metallum
I Could Go On Singing

***I Could Go On Singing*** is a 1963 movie starring Judy Garland and Dirk Bogarde. It was Garland's last movie. It was not a huge box office success, but it won Garland much praise for her performance. In Bogarde's autobiographies and in the 2004 biography, it is written that Judy Garland's lines were substantially rewritten by Bogarde (with Garland's consent).

## Plot 
Judy Garland plays a superstar singer named Jenny Bowman. She had met a man 15–16 years before. He is now a prominent physician, played by British actor Dirk Bogarde. They had a child whom she let his father raise in England. Jenny wants to finally see him, but in the end is left to her true home, the stage. Originally titled *The Lonely Stage*, it was renamed *I Could Go On Singing*, so that audiences would know it was the first time Garland sang in a movie since *A Star Is Born* in 1954.

## Cast 
* Judy Garland as Jenny Bowman
* Dirk Bogarde as David Donne
* Jack Klugman as George Kogan
* Gregory Phillips as Matt
* Aline MacMahon as Ida
* Pauline Jameson as Miss Plimpton
* Jeremy Burnham as Hospital surgeon
* Lorna Luft as girl on boat
* Joey Luft as boy on boat

## Music 
All songs performed by Judy Garland.

* *I Am the Monarch of the Sea* (Judy Garland and Boys) from *H.M.S. Pinafore*  by Gilbert and Sullivan
* *Hello Bluebird*, words and music by Cliff Friend
* *It Never Was You*, Kurt Weill and Maxwell Anderson
* *By Myself*, Arthur Schwartz and Howard Dietz
* *I Could Go On Singing*, Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg

## Movie reviews 
"Either you are or you aren't - a Judy Garland fan that is. And if you aren't, forget about her new movie, *I Could Go On Singing*, and leave the discussion to us devotees. You'll see her in close-up...in beautiful, glowing Technicolor and striking staging in a vibrant, vital performance that gets to the essence of her mystique as a superb entertainer. Miss Garland is - as always - real, the voice throbbing, the eyes aglow, the delicate features yielding to the demands of the years - the legs still long and lovely. Certainly the role of a top-rank singer beset by the loneliness and emotional hungers of her personal life is not an alien one to her..."
- *Judith Crist*, *The New York Herald Tribune*

"3 stars...Judy Garland is back on screen in a role that might have been custom-tailored for her particular talents. A new song, *I Could Go On Singing*, provides her with a little clowning, a chance to be gay, a time for wistfulness, an occasion for tears. She and Dirk Bogarde play wonderfully well together, even though the script itself insists on their being mismatched..."
- *Dorothy Masters*, *The New York Daily News*

## Soundtrack and video/DVD releases 
It was released on video in 1989, and on DVD in 2004. The soundtrack album was released at the time of the original movie release, and appeared on CD in 2002 along with the Garland album ''That's Entertainment!''

## Other websites 
* The Judy Garland Online Discography "I Could Go On Singing" pages.

* 

## References
Tassili n'Ajjer

'''Tassili n'Ajjer''' is a mountain range in the Algerian part of the Sahara Desert. The name means "Plateau of the Rivers".  It 72,000 km2. large.  The range is mostly made of sandstone. 

It is a World Heritage Site in Africa because of the prehistoric rock art found there. The art depicts herds of cattle, large wild animals including crocodiles, and human activities such as hunting and dancing. 

The nearest town is Djanet.  It is about 10&nbsp;km southwest of the range.

## References
Amadora

**Amadora** () is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The city and municipality has 175,872 people in eleven *freguesias* (parishes). It has an area of 23.77&nbsp;square kilometres. It is the most densely populated municipality of Portugal.

It is a suburb of Lisbon, and both cities share the same subway, bus and train network. It is  a residential city, and the landscape includes apartments, parks and industrial areas. Amadora also has immigrants from Angola, Cape Verde and Brazil.

Each year, Amadora organizes the Amadora International Comics Festival.

## Parishes
* Alfornelos
* Alfragide
* Brandoa
* Buraca
* Damaia
* Falagueira
* Mina
* Reboleira
* São Brás
* Venda Nova
* Venteira

## Other websites
* Câmara Municipal da Amadora - official municipal Web site
* Amadora International Comics Festival  - official festival Web site
* Latest photos and urban developments of Amadora.
Tipaza

**Tipaza** is a town on the coast of Algeria.  It is the capital of the Tipaza Province. It was formed in 1857.  It is known for its sandy beach and ancient ruins.

## References
Barbary Coast

The **Barbary Coast**, or Berber Coast, was the land of the Berber people. It was the name used by Europeans from the 16th to the 19th century. It was the coast of North Africa – what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. 

This area was used by Arab and Berber pirates. They attacked ships and coastal towns. They stole goods and people from Europe, America and sub-Saharan Africa and sold them in the Barbary slave trade.

## References
Kameyama, Mie

is a Japanese city in Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

## History
In the Edo period, *Kameyama-juku*, *Seki-juku* and *Sakanoshita-juku* were the 46th, 47th, and 48th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (*shuku-eki*) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.  All three Tōkaidō rest stops are within the  of modern Numazu.

## Gallery

File:Hiroshige47 kameyama.jpg|Kameyama rest stop by Hiroshige, ukiyo-e woodblock print c. 1830s 
File:Hiroshige48 seki.jpg|Seki rest stop by Hiroshige, c. 1830s  
File:Hiroshige49 sakanoshita.jpg|Sakanoshita rest stop by Hiroshige, c. 1830s  
File:亀山城多聞櫓.JPG|Stone wall at former Kameyama Castle
File:Kameyama Station old.jpg|Kameyama railway station, early Taishō period (1912–1926)

## Related pages
* *The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō*

## References
## Other websites
* Kameyama City website 
* Hiroshige prints, Kameyama , Seki , Sakanoshita
Ahmed Ben Bella

**Ahmed Ben Bella** (25 December 1918 – 11 April 2012) was an Algerian soldier. He was the first President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965.

He was born in Maghnia, Algeria. He was a Sunni Islam. Ben Bella joined the French Army in 1936.

He went to prison for forming a group to fight French rule. He escaped and went to Tunisia. He was arrested again in 1956 and got out of prison in 1962.

He became president in 1963. In 1965, Houari Boumédiènne made him stop being Presindent. He was under house arrest until 1980. He was allowed to live in Switzerland. He lived for 10 years in Lausanne. In 1990 he was able to return to Algeria.

## References
Movie 43

***Movie 43*** is an American comedy movie in which Emma Stone, Halle Berry, Hugh Jackman, Uma Thurman, Elizabeth Banks, Chris Pratt, Naomi Watts, Seth MacFarlane, Josh Duhamel, Anna Faris, Greg Kinnear, Dennis Quaid, Kate Winslet, Gerard Butler, Richard Gere, Johnny Knoxville, Justin Long, and many other actors star. Its release date was January 25, 2013, On February 10, 2017, it aired on Teletoon's nighttime programming block, Teletoon at Night, and is rated 18A for sex, romance, nudity, swearing, violence, & sexual content.

## References
Justin Long

**Justin Jacob Long** (born June 2, 1978) is an American movie actor. He has acted in many movies, including *Live Free or Die Hard* (a 2007 movie that stars Bruce Willis).

## References
## Other websites
Sequoia National Park

**Sequoia National Park** is a national park in the U.S. state of California. It was created on September 25, 1890. The park covers . The park contains the highest point in the contiguous 48 United States, Mount Whitney, at  above sea level. The park is next to Kings Canyon National Park. The two parks are managed together by the National Park Service.

The park is famous for its giant sequoia trees. One of these trees is the General Sherman tree, one of the biggest trees on Earth. The General Sherman tree is in the Giant Forest, which has five of the ten biggest trees in the world.

## References
## Other websites
* NPS: official **Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks** website
Australian Convict Sites

"**Australian Convict Sites**" is a World Heritage Site which includes the remains of 11 places used in the transportation of convicts to Australia. This was a plan by the British government to move thousands of prisoners from England to Australia. It started with the sending of the First Fleet to Sydney in 1788 and continued for about eighty years. The Australian Convict Sites include places in Sydney, Tasmania, Norfolk Island, and Fremantle. These show:

" .. the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts."

All the sites were all individually included on the Australian National Heritage List before being put on the World Heritage list in 2010.

## Penal Sites Included
The 11 penal sites making up the Australian Convict Sites World Heritage listed property are
*  Cockatoo Island Convict Site (New South Wales) 
*  Great North Road (New South Wales) 
*  Hyde Park Barracks (New South Wales) 
*  Cascades Female Factory (Tasmania) 
*  Port Arthur (Tasmania) 
*  Fremantle Prison (Western Australia) 

**Criterion IV** (i.e. a collection of buildings/architecture etc. showing an important stage in human history):

"an exceptional example of the forced migration of convicts - an important stage of human history"

**Criterion VI** (i.e. directly associated with events etc. of importance to the whole world):

"an extraordinary example of global ideas and developments associated with the punishment and reform of the criminal elements of humanity during the Age of Enlightenment and the modern era

## Related pages 
* List of World Heritage Sites in Australia

## References
## Other websites 
* Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2008) **Australian convict sites: World Heritage Nomination**Accessed 5 August 2010
Commission nationale de la certification professionnelle

The '''** (**CNCP**, ) is a French inter-ministerial commission, interprofessional and interagency. It has been created by the social modernization law (No. 2002-73). It is under the authority of the Minister responsible for vocational training.

The commission has several missions:
* Identify the supply of vocational qualifications (),
* Process applications for registration and to update the **' (RNCP, ),
* Ensure the renewal and adaptation of degrees and titles, to monitor the qualifications and work organization,
* Make recommendations to the attention of institutions delivering professional certifications or certificates of qualification.

## Related pages
*Commission des titres d'ingénieur
*Conférence des directeurs des écoles françaises d'ingénieurs
*Conférence des Grandes Écoles

## References
## Other websites
* CNCP Official website
Flag of Algeria

The national **flag** **of Algeria** has two equal vertical bars, green and white. In the center is a red star and crescent.
GIFAS

The **Groupement des industries françaises aéronautiques et spatiales** (**GIFAS**, in English Group of French aerospace industries) is a  French aerospace industries association created in 1908, featuring more than 260 members. The first name of the association was *Association des Industries de la Locomotion Aérienne*. It acquired its current name in 1975.

The current president of the GIFAS is Éric Trappier, the CEO of Dassault Aviation.

## References
Esquire (magazine)

***Esquire*** is a men's magazine, published in the U.S. by the Hearst Corporation. Founded in 1932, it flourished during the Great Depression under the guidance of founder and editor Arnold Gingrich.

## Notes
Charity (practice)

showing a Hindu woman giving alms to a poor man]]
**Charity** is the act of   to those in need of it. It is a humanitarian act. It involves giving money, goods or time and  to those who need it. It is done without expecting something in return. Giving money or food to poor people is an example of charity. Poor, sick or injured people are generally considered the proper people to whom charity should be given. When such people are not supported, they often begin begging, which is directly asking for help from people they do not know. Others may rely on support from charitable organizations. These organizations collect money and goods and then give them to those in need for food or for anything else.

Most acts of charity are concerned with providing basic needs, such as food, water, clothing, health care and shelter.  The most common form of charity is donating money.  The money is then used to buy these basic needs.  Moreover, many people do other things as charity, such as teaching orphans, donating blood, or aiding research. 

Charitable giving can be a  in many religions. This kind of charity is called **almsgiving** or **alms**. The word "charity" comes from the Latin "caritas" meaning Christian love. In Islam, it is called *zakat*. It is one of the five most important duties of being a Muslim, and in Judaism it is "tzedakah".

## Related pages 
* Altruism
* Charitable organization
* Compassion
* Fundraising
* Humanitarianism
* Mercy
* Philanthropy
* Pro bono

## References
UniverSud Paris

**UniverSud Paris** is a grouping of higher education institutes in France. It groups 21 public universities and the national research center. These places teach nearly all subjects of sciences (fundamental, engineering, business).

## History
In 1991, the French government decided to create the "French Poles of Research and Higher Education". In 2007, its status changed to a public establishment for scientific cooperation (*établissement public de coopération scientifique*).

## Colleges and institutes
The member universities and institutes are :

* Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences (Agro ParisTech), founded in 2007, as a result of the merger of three agronomy, forestry and food science schools with roots dating back to 1824
* National Veterinary School of Alfort, founded in 1765
* National School of Landscape (ENSP), founded in 1965
* Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), founded in 1946
* National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (formerly Cemagref), founded in 1981
* French agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), founded in 1999
* Telecom & Management SudParis, founded in 1979
* Genoscope (French National Sequencing Center), founded in 1996
* National School of Computer Science for Industry and Business (ENSIIE), founded in 1968
* HEC Paris, founded in 1881
* École Polytechnique (X), founded in 1794
* École supérieure d'optique (IOGS), founded in 1917
* École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Versailles, founded in 1969
* SOLEIL (French particle accelerator), founded in 2006
* Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), founded in 1943
* Paris-Sud 11 University, founded in 1971
* Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, founded in 1991
* University of Évry Val d'Essonne, founded in 1991
* École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, founded in 1880
* École Centrale de Paris, founded in 1829
* École supérieure d'électricité (Supélec), founded in 1894

## References
President of Algeria

The **President of Algeria** is the head of state of Algeria.  The President is also in charge of the Algerian armed forces.
## List of presidents
Daphnia

***Daphnia*** are small, planktonic crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5&nbsp;mm in length. *Daphnia* are members of the order Cladocera. They are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans often called water fleas because of their jumpy swimming style. They live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, ponds, streams and rivers.

## Anatomy & physiology 
### Circulation 
*Daphnia* have open circulatory systems. Instead of having blood vessels, the daphnia have a fluid called haemolymph. The haemolymph is pumped throughout the body cavity (which is called a haemocoel).

### Nervous system 
The *Daphnia*’s nervous system consists of a brain that has two or three pairs of ganglia. Ganglia are nerve cells that tend to cluster up. The nervous system also has nerve rings that go round the oesophagus. Last of all, it has a paired ventral nerve cord.

### Reproduction 
The *Daphnia* reproductive system is parthenogenetic. The female daphnia produce eggs without mating. That means that their eggs can grow without being fertilized. The female daphnia carries its 50 or so eggs in the brood chamber, until they are ready to hatch. *Daphnia* can still mate, the only difference is that the “mated” eggs have an extra hard shell that can protect them from harsh conditions for a long time. These eggs are called cysts, and they can hatch when conditions are favorable again, which is usually around spring.

## Other 
*Daphnia* spp. are a popular live food in tropical and marine fish keeping.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Van Bergen, Yfke. 2004. Daphnia breaths easy. *Journal of Experimental Biology* **207**, i-ii http://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/25/i.2.full
Kassaman

**Kassaman** or **Qassaman** (, ; "We Pledge") is the national anthem of Algeria. Mufdi Zakariah wrote the lyrics in 1956.  He did this while in jail by the French. The composer of the music is Mohamed Fawzi, from Egypt. He wrote the lyrics on the walls of a French prison with his blood.

## Lyrics
## References
San Francisco row houses

, California]]
The **San Francisco row houses**, also known as **Painted Ladies** are Victorian and Edwardian buildings in San Francisco, California painted in three or more colors. The style used is sometimes called *polychrome* (from Greek: *polykhrōmos* and *polykhrōmatos*, meaning "many-colored").

## Other websites
Emblem of Algeria

The **national emblem of Algeria** is the seal used by the government.  Other states use coats of arms.  The current emblem began in 1976.  The difference was changing the motto from French to Arabic. On the emblem is the crescent that is also found on the Flag of Algeria.  It is a symbol of Islam.  The text says "The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria".

The Hand of Fatima is in front of the Atlas Mountains.  It is below a rising sun to show a new era.  Buildings are for industry and plants for agriculture.

## Historic coats of arms and emblems

File:Coat of arms Algeria (1830-1962).svg|Coat of arms of French Algeria (1830-1962)
File:Emblem of Algeria (1962-1971).svg|Coat of arms of the Republic of Algeria (1962-1971)
File:Emblem of Algeria (1971-1976).svg|Emblem of the Republic of Algeria (1971-1976)
File:Emblem of Algeria.svg|Emblem of the Republic of Algeria (1976-present)
Blaenavon Industrial Landscape

**Blaenavon Industrial Landscape** is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Blaenavon, Wales. It includes coal and ore mines, quarries, a primitive railway system, furnaces, workers' homes, and the social infrastructure of the community.  The area around Blaenavon shows of the importance of South Wales as the world's major producer of iron and coal in the 19th century.

## Gallery

File:Big Pit, Blaenavon - geograph.org.uk - 661746.jpg|Big Pit, 1987
File:Blaenavon (High Level) Station 1825292 9faf8e87.jpg|Blaenavon High Level Station, 1965
File:Blaenavon (Low Level) Station 1825303 c6aad9a7.jpg|Blaenavon Low Level Station, 1965

## Related pages 
* List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Blaenavon World Heritage Site website
Prime Minister of Algeria

The **Prime Minister** is the head of government of Algeria.

The President of Algeria chooses the Prime Minister. The People's National Assembly must okay the choice. There are no  limits on a Prime Minister's term.  The person who was Prime Minister the longest was Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani.  He did the job from 1979 to 1984.

## List
Ahmed Ouyahia

**Ahmed Ouyahia** (born July 2, 1952) is an Algerian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Algeria from August 16, 2017 to March 12, 2019.

Ouyahia was already Prime Minister from 1995 to 1998, from 2003 to 2006, and from 2008 to 2012.

He was also Minister of Justice for a time. He formed and was president of the RND party.

## References
Abdelaziz Bouteflika

**Abdelaziz Bouteflika** (2 March 1937 &ndash; 17 September 2021) was an Algerian politician. From 1999 to 2019, he was the ninth President of Algeria.  He was President at the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002.  He ended emergency rule in February 2011 during Arab Spring.

He was President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1974 until 1975.

Bouteflika resigned on 2 April 2019 after months of massive protests.

Bouteflika died on 17 September 2021 at his home in Zéralda, Algeria from cardiac arrest at the age of 84. He was in bad health ever since he had a stroke in 2013.

## References