open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Real-time operating system

A **real-time operating system** (**RTOS**; commonly pronounced as "are-toss") is a multitasking operating system designed for real-time applications. Such applications include embedded systems, industrial robots, scientific research equipment and others.

An RTOS simplifies the creation of a real-time applications, but does not guarantee the final result will be real-time; this requires good development of the software.

Real-time operating systems use specialized scheduling algorithms in order to provide the real-time applications. An RTOS can respond more quickly and/or predictably to an event than other operating systems.

The main features of an RTOS are minimal interrupt latency and a minimal thread switching latency.

The basic two designs for RTOS are:

* Event-driven (priority scheduling) designs: switch tasks only when an event of higher priority needs service, called pre-emptive priority.
* Time-sharing designs: switch tasks on a clock interrupt, and on events, called round robin.

## Examples 
These are the best known, most widely used real-time operating systems. See List of real-time operating systems for a full list. Also, see List of operating systems for all types of operating systems.

* Windows CE
* QNX
* RTLinux
* VxWorks
* TRON

## Related pages 
* Operating system
* BIOS
* Rate-monotonic scheduling
* Adaptive Partition Scheduler
* Earliest deadline first scheduling

## Other websites 
* SOOS Project
Discriminant

In algebra, the **discriminant**, sometimes represented by the symbol \Delta, is an algebraic expression used to determine the number of roots a polynomial have.  

For example, the discriminant of the quadratic polynomial 
:ax^2+bx+c\, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; is &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \,b^2-4ac.

If the discriminant is larger than zero, then the polynomial has two (distinct) real numbers as roots. 

If the discriminant is equal to zero, then the polynomial has two repeating real numbers as roots (i.e., exactly one real root).

If the discriminant is smaller than zero, then the polynomial has two (purely) complex numbers as roots (i.e., zero real root).

Apart for quadratic polynomials, discriminants can be defined for cubic polynomials, general conic equations, and other mathematical entities such as differential equations and quadratic forms as well.

## Related pages 
* Equation solving
* Quadratic equation

## References
Single event upset

A **single event upset** (**SEU**) is a change of state caused by a low-energy ions or electro-magnetic or nuclear radiation or any other kind of interferences that can reach (called *"strike"*) a sensitive node in a micro-electronic device, such as in a microprocessor, semiconductor memory, or power transistors. The error in the device output or operation caused as a result of the strike is called a SEU or a soft error. The SEU itself is not considered permanent damage to the transistor's, circuits' or devices'.
Matthew Wolfenden (footballer)

**Matthew Wolfenden** (born 23 July 1987) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for North West Counties League team Avro.

## References
Arthur Wharton

**Arthur Wharton** (28 October 1865 – 12 December 1930) was a English former football player. He is believed to be the first black professional football player in the world.

## References
Reduced instruction set computer

A **reduced instruction set computing** (acronym **RISC** pronounced *risk*), represents a CPU design method to simplify instructions which "do less" but provide higher performance by making instructions execute very fast.

RISC was developed as an alternative to what is now known as CISC. However, there are CPU designs other than RISC and CISC. Some examples are VLIW, MISC, OISC, massive parallel processing, systolic array, reconfigurable computing, and dataflow architecture.

The main feature of a RISC processors is a small core logic which allows designers to increase the number of the register set and increase internal parallelism using one of the following methods:
#Instruction level parallelism (ILP) which increases the rate at which instructions are executed within a CPU 
#Thread level parallelism (TLP)  which increases the number of threads the CPU can execute "in-parallel".  

Other features, which are typically found in RISC architectures are:

* Uniform instruction format, using a single word with the opcode in the same bit positions in every instruction, requiring less decoding.
* Similar general purpose registers, allowing any register to be used by any method, simplifying compiler design. However most RISC CPUs have separate floating point registers.
* Simple addressing modes. Complex addressing performed via sequences of arithmetic and/or load-store operations.
* Few data types in hardware. Some CISCs have byte string instructions, or support complex numbers, which are almost never found on a RISC.

Well known RISC processors include Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR, MIPS, PA-RISC, PIC, Power Architecture (including PowerPC), SuperH, and SPARC.

## Related pages
* Complex instruction set computer
* Very long instruction word
* Minimal instruction set computer
* Zero instruction set computer
* OISC
* Microprocessor
* Instruction set architecture
* Computer architecture

## Other websites
* RISC vs. CISC 
* What is RISC 
* RISC vs. CISC from historical perspective
Firmware

In computing, **firmware** is a computer program that is "embedded" in a hardware device and is an essential part of the hardware. It is sometimes called embedded software.  For example, in a microcontroller, firmware tells the microprocessor what actions to take.  Firmware can also be a larger program stored on flash memory, or uploaded onto existing hardware by a user.

As its name suggests, firmware is somewhere between hardware and software, connecting the two worlds. It can mean slightly different things to different people, especially as stand-alone electronic devices become more like computers. Like software, it is a computer program which is run by a microprocessor. But it is also linked to a piece of hardware and has no meaning without it.

## On a Computer 
A computer can have both firmware and software. The firmware is permanently stored in the computer, such as the BIOS, and cannot be easily changed or added to. Software, even the OS, can be replaced by reformatting the hard drive. Software includes the applications that a person operating a computer sees, like a web browser or a word processor. Sometimes a device driver is called firmware, since it is needed to run that piece of hardware, like a printer or a video card. The device driver is on the main part of the computer and can be easily updated (if an update exists).

## On an Electronic Device 
Other electronic devices may not look like a computer, but they still have an embedded system such as a microcontroller inside, with a program telling them what to do. This is also firmware. A TV cable box, an elevator controller and a card reader in a hotel door lock all run firmware. In this case, the firmware is the only software on the device and it runs everything, from handling button presses to turning motors on or off.

In the past, firmware was stored in ROMs but now it is often stored in media that can be written to such as EEPROMs and Flash. Firmware in many machines such as routers can now be updated without any special hardware, other than a computer and a USB cable. This is done by downloading a new version from the World Wide Web to update the device, using instructions from the device manufacturer.

An electronic device is said to be "bricked" if it cannot be started because of firmware issues. It is then as useful as a brick. Loading the wrong firmware into a device might cause this. Firmware is stored as a binary image file.

## Examples 
Examples of firmware include:
* The BIOS found in IBM-compatible Personal Computers 
* Code inside a printer (in addition to the printer driver that is on the computer)
* Software controlling a heart defibrillator
* Software controlling the lights in an office building
* Software controlling electronics in a car — the radio, the ABS (anti-lock braking system), engine controls, etc. 
* Software controlling newer household appliances (microwave ovens, dishwashers, etc.)

## Related pages 
* BIOS
* Real-time operating system
* Microcode

## References
Tropical Storm Edouard (2008)

**Tropical Storm Edouard** was a tropical storm that formed in the Gulf of Mexico. A weather system became still in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in early August. An area of low pressure formed along the shear line early on August 2, which slowly became stronger during the next day. It strengthened into Tropical Depression Five, and was named Tropical Storm Edouard on August 3. The tropical storm moved towards the west on August 4. It moved onto land on August 5 on the upper Texas coast, about 40&nbsp;miles southwest of Port Arthur and moved west-northwest into inland Texas. Edouard died out over land and became a tropical depression late on August 5. The depression turned to the northwest, causing heavy rain in central Texas on August 6.

## Preparations and impact 
In preparations for the storm, emergency teams along the Louisiana and Texas coasts became active. The Governor of Texas, Rick Perry, started a disaster declaration for 17 counties in Texas that were in the possible path of the storm. He also activated around 1,200 National Guard troops, a 70&nbsp;member rescue team, six helicopters, and a team that brings food and water to affected areas. About 200&nbsp;buses became ready for use in San Antonio and Houston to help in evacuations. Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declared a statewide emergency. In Cameron Parish, Louisiana, the Office of Emergency Preparedness started a mandatory evacuation, and Sheriff's deputies put up roadblocks. In the Gulf of Mexico, the Shell Oil company removed about 40&nbsp;workers from drilling locations. 

Storm surge from the storm reached  at Freshwater Locks in Louisiana, and also reached  at Rollover Pass in Texas.  Heavy rain fell along the upper Texas coast. The highest rainfall in Jefferson county from Edouard was  from a site along the East Bay Bayou at Jones and Allen.  In the Houston, Texas area,  of rain faell at the Baytown Emergency Management Center.  In central Texas, a cluster of thunderstorms near the center of the storm on August 6 caused  of rain near Hamilton, Texas. The strongest winds of  at the caused loss of electric power and a few fallen trees.

## Related pages
*Tropical cyclone
*National Hurricane Center

## References
Egil Olsen

**Egil Roger Olsen** (born 22 April 1942), nicknamed **Drillo**, is a Norwegian former football manager and player. He is best known as a highly successful manager of the Norway national team. He later was manager of the Iraq national team, his departure from which caused considerable attention. In January 2009, he made a comeback as manager for the Norway national team.

## Managerial statistics
## References
Franck Queudrue

**Franck Roger Queudrue** (born 27 August 1978) is a French former professional footballer who played as a left back. He began his career with Lens, for whom he played in Ligue 1, and went on to play in the Premier League for Middlesbrough, Fulham and Birmingham City, and in the Football League for Colchester United. He returned to Lens in 2010, and joined Red Star on a free transfer in 2012. Queudrue retired at the end of the 2012–13 season.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**Middlesbrough**
*Football League Cup: 2003–04
*UEFA Cup runner-up: 2006

## References
## Other websites
*Fulham FC profile
Craig Bellamy

**Craig Douglas Bellamy** (born 13 July 1979) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played as a forward and is current assistant manager at Championship side Burnley. 

## Career statistics 
### Club 
### International 
:''Scores and results list Wales' goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bellamy goal.*

:*Scores and results list Great Britain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bellamy goal.''

## Honours 
**Celtic**
*Scottish Cup: 2004–05

**Liverpool**
*Blackburn Rovers Player of the Season: 2005–06
*Welsh Footballer of the Year Award: 2007
*Premier League Goal of the Month: April 2006, September 2009

## References
Sandy Martens

**Sandy Martens** (born 23 December 1972) was a Belgian football player. He has played for Belgium national team.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**Club Brugge**
*Belgian First Division A: 2002–03
*Belgian Cup: 2001–02
*Belgian Super Cup: 2002

## References
C. B. Fry

**Charles Burgess Fry** (25 April 1872 – 7 September 1956) was an English athlete, cricketer, and footballer. He was best known for his cricket, in which he represented England in 26 Test matches between 1896 and 1912. In football, he represented England twice, and also played in an FA Cup final. His most famous feat in athletics was to break the world record for the long jump. Later in his life, Fry was a writer and diplomat. His success in the latter profession led to him being invited to become the King of Albania, but he refused.

As a cricketer, Fry was a right-handed top order batter who could also be effective as a right arm fast-medium bowler. In domestic first-class cricket, he played for Oxford University from 1892 to 1895, for Sussex from 1894 to 1908 (as team captain for the last five seasons), and Hampshire from 1909 to 1921. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Hristo Stoichkov

**Hristo Stoichkov** (born 8 February 1966) is a former Bulgarian football player. He has played for Bulgaria national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Bulgaria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Stoichkov goal.''
*A Group: 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90
*Bulgarian Cup: 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89
*Soviet Army Cup: 1984-85, 1985-86, 1988-89, 1989-90
*Bulgarian Supercup: 1989

**Barcelona** 1994 Bronze Medal

**Individual**
*Ballon d'Or: 1994
*UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award / Onze d'Or: 1992
*Don Balón Award Best Foreign Player in La Liga: 1993-94
*IFFHS World's Top Goal Scorer: 1994
*UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award / Onze d'Argent: 1994
*FIFA World Cup Golden Shoe: 1994
*Bulgarian Footballer of the Year(5): 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994
*A Group Top scorer(2): 1988–89, 1989–90
*Bulgarian Sportsperson of the Year: 1994
*UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1996
*MLS Best XI: 2000
*The Era of the 'Dream Team' (1988-1996) - Barcelona Legend
**World Soccer**s 100 Greatest Players of the 20th Century: 2000
*UEFA Jubilee Awards – Greatest Bulgarian Footballer of the last 50 Years: 2004
*FIFA 100: 2004
*Golden Foot: 2007, as football legend
* Sport Movies & TV – Milano International FICTS Fest - FICTS "Hall of Fame": 2013
*UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador - UNESCO Champion for Sport: 2016
*IFFHS: 2019, as football legend
*FourFourTwo - The 50 greatest Barcelona players of all time: 2022
*FourFourTwo - The 100 best football players of all time: 2022

**Records*'
*All-time the only Football Player won Edition of the European Cup Winners' Cup and Asian Cup Winners' Cup.
*All-time Top Scorer in the Bulgarian First Professional Football League with 38 league goals in 30 games - season 1989–90.
*All-time FC Barcelona player with most red cards in the history (10 Red cards).

### Manager
**Mamelodi Sundowns**
*Premier Soccer League runner-up: 2009–10

**Individual**
*Premier Soccer League: Coach of the Month: December 2009

### Further honours
*In November 2003, to celebrate UEFA's Jubilee, he was selected as the Golden Player of Bulgaria by the Bulgarian Football Union as their most outstanding player of the past 50 years.
*In 2011 he was named honorary consul of Bulgaria in Barcelona. In October 2017 he was removed from the position on the request of the Spanish government over his criticisms of this government (especially the deputy prime minister, Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría) in relation with the Catalan independence referendum, as well as the fact that he lives mainly in the United States.

#### Barcelona (official) 
# Copa Generalitat: 1991, 1993
# Trofeo Ciudad de La Línea: 1991
# Trofeo Ciudad de Marbella: 1993
# Teresa Herrera Trophy: 1990, 1993
# Trofeo Ciudad de Oviedo: 1996
# Joan Gamper Trophy: 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
*
*Stoichkov's goal (FK) J.League official
*Hristo Stoichkov on BarcaMania.com (archived)
*Autobiography (archived)
*Stoichkov () – Profile, stats and news
*UEFA.com – Golden Player of Bulgaria
Derlei

**Vanderlei Fernandes Silva** (born 14 July 1975), known as **Derlei**, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a striker.

## Club statistics
## Honours
**América-RN**
*Campeonato Potiguar: 1996

**Porto**
*Primeira Liga: 2002–03, 2003–04
*Taça de Portugal: 2002–03
*Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2003, 2004
*UEFA Champions League: 2003–04
*UEFA Cup: 2002–03
*Intercontinental Cup: 2004

**Sporting**
*Taça de Portugal: 2007–08
*Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2007, 2008
*Taça da Liga runner-up: 2007–08, 2008–09
**Individual**
*UEFA Cup Top Scorer: 2002–03
*SJPF Player of the Month: October 2004

## References
Asunción

**Asunción** (full name:** Nuestra Señora Santa María de la Asunción**), is the capital city and largest city of Paraguay. The city has more than 1.2 million inhabitants, and the metropolitan area has more than 1.8 million inhabitants. It is on the left bank of the Paraguay River and is the main seaport of Paraguay.

The Spanish word "asunción" means *assumption* in English. It refers to the Assumption of Mary; the full name means *Our Lady, Holy Mary of the Assumption*.

## References
Predestination

Predestination is a religious concept, which is about the relationship between God and His creation. The religious character of predestination distinguishes it from other ideas about determinism and free will. Those who believe in predestination, such as John Calvin, believe that before the creation God determined the destiny of the universe throughout all of time and space. They believe that God orders some people to Heaven, and all other people will go to Hell because of their sins. This is determined before they even are born.

Definition: predestination is the divine foreordaining or foreknowledge of all that will happen. It applies to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of John Calvin.

## Related pages 
* Predestination (Calvinism)
* Fate

## Other websites 
* "Determinism in Theology: Predestination"  by Robert M. Kindon in *The Dictionary of the History of Ideas* (1973-74)
* Predestination
* Understanding Predestination in Islam 
* Detailed Lecture on Islamic Perspective on Fate 
* Occurrences of "predestination" in the Bible text (ESV)
* *The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination* (1932) by Loraine Boettner (conservative Calvinist perspective)
* *The Biblical Doctrine Of Predestination, Foreordination, and Election*  by F. Furman Kearley (Arminian perspective)
* 
* Academic articles on predestination and election  (Lutheran perspective)
A Nightmare on Elm Street

***A Nightmare on Elm Street*** is a 1984 American slasher movie. It was directed by Wes Craven and released to movie theaters by Warner Bros. It is about five teenagers who are followed in their dreams by the ghost of serial killer Freddy Krueger, played by Robert Englund. It also stars John Saxon as Lt. Donald Thompson.

Actor Johnny Depp had his first movie role in *A Nightmare on Elm Street*.

It is the first in the *A Nightmare on Elm Street movie series*. The next movie in the series is ''A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge''.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Flying possum

A **flying possum** or **glider** may refer to any of several marsupial species:

* Feathertail glider 

* Greater glider

* wrist-winged glider, or **flying phalanger**: genus *Petaurus*, six species:
** Biak glider
** Mahogany glider
** Northern glider
** Squirrel glider
** Sugar glider
** Yellow-bellied glider
Gladiolus

***Gladiolus*** (from Latin, the diminutive of *gladius*, a sword) is a genus of flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). Sometimes called the **sword lily**, the most widely-used English common name for these plants is simply **gladiolus** (plural **gladioli**, **gladioluses** or sometimes **gladiolas**).

## Description 
The genus *Gladiolus* contains about 260 species, of which 250 are native to sub-Saharan Africa, mostly South Africa. About 10 species are native to Eurasia. There are 160 species of *Gladiolus* endemic in southern Africa and 76 in tropical Africa. The species vary from very small to the spectacular giant flower spikes in commerce.

These attractive, perennial herbs are semihardy in temperate climates. They grow from rounded, symmetrical corms, that are enveloped in several layers of brownish, fibrous tunics.

Their stems are generally unbranched, producing 1 to 9 narrow, sword-shaped, longitudinal grooved leaves, enclosed in a sheath. The lowest leaf is shortened to a cataphyll. The leaf blades can be plane or cruciform in cross section.

The fragrant flower spikes are large and one-sided, with secund, bisexual flowers, each subtended by 2 leathery,  green bracts. The sepals and the petals are almost identical in appearance, and are termed tepals. They are united at their base into a tube-shaped structure. The dorsal tepal is the largest, arching over the three stamens. The outer three tepals are narrower. The perianth is funnel-shaped, with the stamens attached to its base. The style has three filiform, spoon-shaped branches, each expanding towards the apex.

The ovary is 3-locular with oblong or globose capsules, containing many, winged brown, longitudinally dehiscent seeds. In their center must be noticeable the specific pellet like structure which is the real seed without the fine coat. In some seeds this structure is wrinkled and with black color. These seeds are unable to germinate.

These flowers are variously colored, pink to reddish or light purple with white, contrasting markings, or white to cream or orange to red. 

The South African species were originally pollinated by long-tongued anthrophorine bees, but some changes in the pollination system have occurred, allowing pollination by sunbirds, noctuid and sphingid moths, long-tongued flies and several others. In the temperate zones of Europe many of the hybrid large flowering sorts of gladiolas can be pollinated by small well-known wasps. Actually, They are not very good pollinators because of the large flowers of the plants and the small size of the wasps. Another insect in this zone which can try some of the nectar of the gladioli is the best-known European Hawk-moth *Macroglossum stellatarum* which usually pollinates many famous garden flowers like *Petunia*, *Zinnia*, *Dianthus* and others.

Gladioli are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Large Yellow Underwing.
Sugar glider

The **sugar glider** (*Petaurus breviceps*) is a small marsupial originally native to eastern and northern mainland Australia, New Guinea, and the Bismarck Archipelago, and introduced to Tasmania.  It is called a sugar glider because it likes to feed on the sugary sap from certain trees, and can jump from trees and glide through the air to another tree.  They live in trees, and rarely travel on the ground.  They eat many foods, but mostly tree sap and insects. They look and act much like a flying squirrel, but they are not related. Sugar gliders are actually related to possums

## As pets 
Around the world, people very cruelly keep the sugar glider as a domestic pet. It is one of the most commonly traded wild animals in the illegal pet trade, where animals are plucked directly from their natural habitats. 

In Australia, sugar gliders can be kept in Victoria, South Australia and the Northern Territory but not Western Australia, New South Wales, ACT or Tasmania.

Sugar gliders are most popular as pets in the United States, where they are bred in large numbers. Most states and cities allow sugar gliders as pets, with some exceptions. In some places, a license or permit might be needed to own a sugar glider, because they are very dangerous as an exotic pet or wild animal.

## Diet 
Their dietary requirements can be hard to meet, which gives another reason as to why they should not be kept as pets. Sugar gliders mostly eat the sap and gum of trees. At times they will also have insects, nectar, and fruits. The adequate diet of a sugar glider should consist of 75% fruits, and 25% of vegetable and insects. 
## References 
 of a sugar glider]]

## Other websites 
*Basic information  from Australian Fauna
*Videos of sugar gliders in the wild  by BBC Natural History Unit.  (Only natural sounds - no talking).
*Is it possible to keep a Sugar glider and a Rabbit together?
Feathertail glider

The **feathertail glider** (*Acrobates pygmaeus*), also known as the **pygmy gliding possum**, **pygmy glider** or **flying mouse**, is the world's smallest gliding mammal. It is named after its long feather-shaped tail. Although only the size of a very small mouse (65 to 80 mm and 10 to 14 g), it can leap and glide long distances from tree to tree, up to 25 metres. Like other gliding mammals, the feathertail glider has a skin membrane between the fore and hind legs; thicker than that of the other marsupials like the sugar glider, but smaller in proportion, extending only between the elbows and knees.

## References
Bismarck Archipelago

The **Bismarck Archipelago** is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and part of Papua New Guinea.

## History
The first inhabitants of the archipelago arrived around 33,000 years ago after they sailed from what is now Papua New Guinea. Later arrivals included the Lapita people.

The first European to visit the islands was the Dutch explorer Willem Schouten in 1616.

The islands remained unsettled by Western Europeans until they became part of the German protectorate of German New Guinea in 1884. The area was named after  German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck.

On 13 March 1888, a volcano erupted on Ritter Island causing a megatsunami. Almost all of the volcano fell into the ocean, which left a small lake in the volcanic crater.

Afer the outbreak of World War I, the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force seized the islands in 1914  and Australia later received a League of Nations mandate for the islands. They remained under Australian control (interrupted only by the Japanese occupation during World War II) until Papua New Guinea became independent in 1975.

## Notes
## Bibliography
*Firth, Stewart (1983). *New Guinea Under the Germans*. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press. .
*Howe, K. R., Robert C. Kiste, Brij V. Lal, eds. (1994). *Tides of History: The Pacific Islands in the Twentieth Century*. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. .
*King, David *et al.* (1982). *Papua New Guinea Atlas: A Nation in Transition*. Bathurst, Australia: R. Brown and the University of Papua New Guinea. .
*Moore, Clive (2003). *New Guinea: Crossing Boundaries and History*. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. .
*Ryan, Peter, ed. (1972). *Encyclopedia of Papua New Guinea*. 3 volumes; Vol I: A - K, maps, black and white illustrations, xv + 588pp. Vol II: l - Z, maps, black and white illustrations, 589-1231pp. Vol III: Index, folding colour map in rear pocket, map, colour illustration, v + 83pp. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press. .

## Other websites
* about the provinces
Ford Fiesta

The **Ford Fiesta** is a subcompact car made by Ford Motor Company from 1976 to 2023. Until 1986, it was the smallest Ford vehicle until the arrival of the Festiva (a car made by Ford in a joint-venture with Mazda and Kia in markets where the Fiesta wasn't sold). 

The first generation was made from 1976 to 1983 and was sold in the US from 1978 to 1980, the second generation was made from 1983 to 1989 although this version is a heavily updated first generation car, it was unusual in offering 2 different dashboard designs for basic and higher-end models of it. 

The third generation arrived in early 1989 and was the first Fiesta to be sold with 5-doors alongside 3, it received updates in 1992, 1994 and 1995 when it became the Fiesta Classic, selling with the newer fourth generation car until production ended in early 1997. The fourth generation arrived in late 1995 and gained a rebadged version called the Mazda 121 in early 1996, although it wasn't as popular as the Fiesta itself, it was facelifted in late 1999 and was made until 2002 when UK production of it ended. 

The fifth generation arrived in Spring 2002, it was facelifted in late 2005 with new colours and interior and was produced until 2008. The sixth generation Fiesta arrived in late 2008 and is sold more globally than previous generations including the US where it arrived in Spring 2010 as a 2011 model. It was facelifted in early 2013 and as a 2014 model for the US, it was sold there until 2019. The seventh generation Fiesta arrived in July 2017 with a facelift in late 2021 and the 3-door model axed in 2022. 

Ford ended production of the Fiesta on 7 July 2023 because of their expanding SUV lineup.

## Generations
This shows how the Ford Fiesta has changed each generation.

File:Ford Fiesta (early days) Garmisch-Partenkirchen.jpg|First Generation
File:Fiestamk2.jpg|Second Generation
File:Ford Fiesta MK3.jpg|Third Generation
File:Ford Fiesta MK4 front 20070926.jpg|Fourth Generation
File:Fordfiesta.jpg|Fourth Generation Facelift
File:Fordfiesta2.jpg|Fifth Generation
File:Ford Fiesta VII front 20091011.jpg|Sixth Generation
File:2017 Ford Fiesta Zetec Turbo 1.0 Front.jpg|Seventh Generation

## References
Ford Fusion (Europe)

:*For the Ford Fusion sold in the Americas, see Ford Fusion (Americas).*

The **European Ford Fusion** was a car made by Ford Motor Company from 2002 to 2012 with a facelift in late 2005. It was sold in Europe and India. It was replaced with the B-Max in 2012.
Ford Cougar

The **Ford Cougar** was a car produced by Ford Motor Company. It was sold in the European market from 1998 through 2002. The US version was sold as the **Mercury Cougar**.

## Other websites 
*V6 Cougar - Ford Cougar Site
Kilkenny

**Kilkenny** () is the county town (seat) of County Kilkenny in Ireland. It is on both banks of the River Nore, at the centre of County Kilkenny in the historic province of Leinster in the south-east of the country. Kilkenny City is administered by a borough council and has a Mayor form of government. The majority of the population of Kilkenny City live outside the borough boundary. It is the smallest city in the country, with only 25,000 people living there.

From being founded by the church, Kilkenny was the ancient capital of the kingdom of Ossory.  The town was established, then a city, in 1609 by royal charter. Kilkenny was the capital of Confederate Ireland between 1642 and 1649. The seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory and the Church of Ireland Bishop of Cashel and Ossory are in Kilkenny.

Kilkenny is famous for its medieval building and castle. The town has been referred to as the "Marble City" for centuries. People from Kilkenny are often referred to as 'Cats'.

## Sources
Ford Kuga

The **Ford Kuga** is a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 2008 to the present day. It entered its second generation in early 2013 and is the same as the US market Escape. It is only sold in Europe.

## Other websites 
*Ford Kuga commercial
Citroën XM

**Citroën XM** was a car produced by Citroën from 1989 to 2000. It originally launched as a 5-door hatchback in May 1989 and an estate was added in late 1991. It received a facelift in July 1994 but sales were never strong and got worse later in its life and the XM was discontinued in June 2000. 

## C6
Citroën hoped that the C6 would replace the XM after its discontinuation in 2000. However, the first C6 did not roll off the production line until 2006.
Citroën Xantia

**Citroën Xantia** was a car produced by Citroën. It replaced the Citroën BX in early 1993, with an estate version added in 1995 and a facelift at the end of 1997 and was replaced by the Citroën C5 in early 2001. It came in hatchback and estate bodystyles and was sold as a budget option towards the end of its run in France until 2002. 

## Engines 
* *1.6i* 65 kW (88 hp)
* *1.8i* 66 kW (90 hp) and 74 kW (101 hp)
* *1.8i 16V* 81 kW (110 hp)
* *2.0i* 89 kW (121 hp)
* *2.0i 16V* 97 kW (132 hp), 110 kW (150 hp) and 112 kW (152 hp)
* *2.0i Turbo CT* 108 kW (147 hp)
* *3.0i V6* 140 kW (190 hp)
* *1.9 D* 50 kW (68 hp) and 51 kW (69 hp)
* *1.9 SD* 55 kW (75 hp)
* *1.9 TD* 66 kW (90 hp)
* *2.0 HDi* 66 kW (90 hp) and 80 kW (109 hp)
* *2.1 Turbo D12* 80 kW (109 hp)

## References
Ford Galaxy

The **Ford Galaxy** is a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1995 to the present day. The original model was made by Volkswagen. It was also sold as the Volkswagen Sharan and Seat Alhambra. It got a facelift in 2000. It was redesigned in 2006 made by Ford themselves. The third generation was unveiled in 2014. 

As of 2014 there have been three generations. It was discontinued with the Ford S-Max in 2023.

File:Ford Galaxy - first generation.jpg|First Generation
File:Ford Galaxy (II, Facelift) – Frontansicht, 3. März 2013, Ratingen.jpg|Second Generation
File:2018 Ford Galaxy Titanium X TDCi 2.0 Front.jpg|Third Generation
Gaeltacht Quarter

The **Gaeltacht Quarter** in Belfast, Northern Ireland, is an area around the Falls Road in the west of the city. A Gaeltacht is an area where the Irish language is most often spoken. The area aims to bring interest to the Irish language and tourist attractions related to it, as well as Irish culture.

Plans for a gaeltacht quarter in Belfast began in 2002, as a recommendation of the Joint West Belfast/Greater Shankill Task Force. The plan was then adopted by the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure and Belfast City Council.

Important areas and events in the quarter include the An Cúlturlann arts centre, Conway Mill and the Féile an Phobail.

## Related pages
*Belfast Quarters

## References 
## Other websites 
*Visit West Belfast
*Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure
Citroën Xsara

**Citroën Xsara** was a car produced by Citroën from 1997 through 2005. An MPV version, the Xsara Picasso, was launched in 1999 and was produced until 2010.

## Engines 
* *1.4i* 55 kW (75 hp)
* *1.6i* 65 kW (88 hp)
* *1.6i 16V* 80 kW (109 hp)
* *1.8i* 66 kW (90 hp) and 74 kW (101 hp)
* *1.8i 16V* 81 kW (110 hp)
* *2.0i 16V* 97 kW (132 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
* *2.0i 16V VTS* 120 kW (163 hp)
* *1.4 HDi* 50 kW (68 hp)
* *1.9 D* 51 kW (69 hp)
* *1.9 SD* 55 kW (75 hp)
* *1.9 TD* 66 kW (90 hp)
* *2.0 HDi* 66 kW (90 hp) and 80 kW (109 hp)
Vietnamese

**Vietnamese** might mean:

* Anything related to Vietnam, a country in Asia
* Vietnamese language
* Vietnamese alphabet
Belfast Quarters

The central area of Belfast has been divided into seven  related to its history:

*Cathedral Quarter
*Gaeltacht Quarter
*Smithfield Market and Library Quarter
*Linen Quarter
*Market Quarter
*Queen's Quarter
*Titanic Quarter

The Quarters do not evenly divide the city into four parts, and not all of Belfast's city centre is part of a Quarter. Instead, each Quarter has something important in its history and locale. The "Quarter" names were given in 2001.

## Other websites
*Discover the Quarters, Official Belfast Tourism Site
Ford C-Max

The **Ford C-Max** is a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 2003 to 2019. It was originally called the Focus C-Max before it had a facelift in 2007. It entered its 2nd generation in 2010 and is available in 5-seat and Grand 7-seat versions. It was facelifted in 2015 and in 2019, Ford ended production of it.  

## Engines 
### Petrol 
* *1.6* 74 kW (100 hp)
* *1.8* 92 kW (125 hp)
* *2.0* 107 kW (145 hp)

### Diesel 
* *1.6 TDCi* 66 kW (90 hp) and 80 kW (109 hp)
* *1.8 TDCi* 85 kW (115 hp)
* *2.0 TDCi* 81 kW (110 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
Ford Transit

**Ford Transit** is a van made by Ford Motor Company from 1965 to the present day. It is currently in its fourth generation.

## Taunus Transit (1953–1965) 
From 1953 to 1961, Ford made a van called the **FK 1000**.

From 1961 to 1965, Ford made a van called the **Taunus Transit** (also called the Transit Mark 1). It was the same van as the FK 1000 but with a bigger engine. It was the first van to wear the Transit badge.

File:NS-91-10 Ford Transit FK1000.jpg|Ford FK1000
File:1965 Ford Taunus Transit in red, Berlin (front left).jpg|1965 Ford Taunus Transit
File:Ford Taunus Transit 1964 2.JPG|1964 Ford Taunus Transit

## First generation (1965–1986) 
The first generation Transit (called Transit Mark 2 was made in July 2000.

In 2006, It was improved. It had new front headlamps, new rear lights, new grille, new front and rear bumpers and a new bonnet.

File:Ford Transit front 20071231.jpg|Ford Transit (before improvements)
File:Ford Transit rear 20071231.jpg|Ford Transit (before improvements)
File:Ford Transit VI 110 T300 20090910 front.JPG|Ford Transit (after improvements)
File:Ford Transit VI 110 T300 20090910 rear.JPG|Ford Transit (after improvements)

## Fourth generation (2013–present) 
The fourth generation Transit was launched in January 2013 at the 2013 North American (Detroit) International Auto Show.

In 2020, It was improved. It had a new grille and the engine was improved.

File:2015 Ford Transit 250 MR 148", fR.jpg|Ford Transit (before improvements)
File:2014 Ford Transit (VO) 350E van (2015-06-03) 02.jpg|Ford Transit (before improvements)
File:2020 Ford Transit 350 Leader EcoBlue 2.0 facelift Front.jpg|Ford Transit (after improvements)
File:2020 Ford Transit 350 Leader EcoBlue 2.0 facelift Rear.jpg|Ford Transit (after improvements)

## Ford Transit Connect
**Ford Transit Connect** is a compact van made by Ford Motor Company from 2002 to the present day.

## Ford Transit Custom
**Ford Transit Custom** is a mid-sized, front wheel drive van made by Ford Motor Company from 2012 to the present day.

## Ford Tourneo
**Ford Tourneo** is a leisure vehicle made by Ford Motor Company from 1995 to the present day.

The leisure version of the Transit Connect is called the Tourneo Connect

The leisure version of the Transit Custom is called the Tourneo Custom.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Westminster Under School

**Westminster Under School** is a private preparatory school for boys aged 7 to 13 and is part of Westminster School in London.

The school was founded in 1943 in the buildings of Westminster School in Little Dean’s Yard, just behind Westminster Abbey. In 1951 the Under School relocated to its own site in Eccleston Square. Due to rising numbers of students in the 1960s and 1970s, the school moved again in 1981 to its present site (which was a former hospital) next the Westminster School playing fields in Vincent Square. There are 267 pupils attending the school. The school has a strong musical tradition and provides choristers for St Margaret's Church, London. 
Most boys attending the school move on to Westminster School after the completion of either Common Entrance or Scholarship examinations (The Challenge), although a number of boys each year go onto other schools, most often either Eton or Harrow.

The Master is Mrs Elizabeth Hill ; the Deputy Master is Mr D. Bratt. There are currently 39 members of staff.

## References
## Other websites
*Ofiicial website
DAX

in the Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]
The **DAX** is a stock exchange in Frankfurt, Germany. In German DAX stands for *Deutscher Aktienindex* (in English: German stock index). It is very much like the Dow Jones Industrial Average in the US, in that 30 companies are in this exchange. They are:

* Adidas
* Allianz
* BASF
* Bayer
* Beiersdorf
* BMW
* Commerzbank
* Daimler
* Deutsche Bank
* Deutsche Börse
* Deutsche Lufthansa
* Deutsche Post
* Deutsche Postbank
* Deutsche Telekom
* E.ON
* Fresenius
* Fresenius Medical Care
* Hannover Re
* Henkel
* Infineon Technologies
* K+S
* Linde
* MAN
* Merck
* Metro
* Munich Re (Münchener Rück)
* RWE
* Salzgitter
* SAP AG
* Siemens
* ThyssenKrupp
* Volkswagen AG (Volkswagen Group)

## References 
## Other websites 
* DAX homepage 
* Bloomberg page for DAX:IND
* DAX Fourier Components
* DAX 30 Profle at Wikinvest
God in Christianity

c. 1510]]
In **Christianity**, one way people think of God is as a being that made everything and lives forever. The Christian Bible speaks of God as one who is, who speaks, who sees, hears, acts, and loves. Christians believe that God has a will and is a kind, all powerful being.

Some Christians believe God to be immanent (with and inside all things). Others believe he will be immanent later. Most believe he is also transcendent (outside space and time, so he is unable to be changed by forces inside the universe).

Trinitarians see the Christian God as Father, Son and Holy Spirit. They say that God is one being that lives forever, who is inside and beyond nature. All Christian denominations say that God is personal to humans and to himself. Most of the Christians believe that God is a spirit.

## Names for God
In the Hebrew Bible, God is referred to by the personal name YHWH, which commonly stylized a Yahweh. The name YHWH is sometimes Latinized as Jehovah, especially by Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormons.

## God seen by people
God is not seen often by people in the Bible.

God is seen:

*By Adam and Eve to give them rules
*By Adam and Eve to punish them for breaking the rules
*By Moses as a burning bush
*By Moses as a pillar of flames

## Referencing
Civil Police (Brazil)

In Brazil, the **Civil Police** () is the country's investigative state police forces. The Civil Police are under the authority of the federative units of Brazil.  The federative units' job is to protect public safety and keep public order.  Article 144 of the Federal Constitution of 1988 gives this job to the federative units (and their agency, the Civil Police).

Each of the states of Brazil has its own Civil Police Department, which carries out detective work, forensics, and criminal investigations. Each Civil Police Department acts as a state bureau of investigation.

## Description
'']]
The Civil Police of Brazil began as the General Intendancy of Police, created in Rio de Janeiro on May 10, 1808. The General Intendancy was later re-organized and renamed the Civil Police. Today, the Constitution of Brazil says that the Civil Police must exist. This is stated in article 144, IV and 144 § 4°, of the Federal Constitution.

## Organization
There are 27 civil police forces in Brazil, one for each state. They are directed by a Head of Police, who is elected. 

Judiciary police have control over small cities or quarters of the large cities.

## Other websites
Spring scale

A **spring scale** is a weighing scale used to measure weight or force, such as the force of gravity, the strength of a person's grip or the power of a vehicle. Inside a spring scale is a spring.

## Related pages
* Weighing scale
Churro

A **Churro** is a fried-dough pastry-based snack, sometimes made from potato dough, that originated in Portugal. It's popular in Latin America, France, Portugal, the United States, and Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands.  There are two types of churros in Spain.  One is long and fat (*porra*), and the other, extra popular in Madrid, is thin and has knots. They are both eaten for breakfast or as a treat with chocolate or sugar.
List of players with five or more goals in an NHL game

The **list of players who have scored five or more goals in an NHL game** includes only 58 names.

In the National Hockey League (NHL), it is rare for one player to score so many goals in a single event.

The most recent  was Tage Thompson on December 7, 2022.

## Scorers
;Legend

## References
;General
* 
;Specific
The Lion King 1½

***The Lion King 1½*** (known as ***The Lion King 3: Hakuna Matata*** in some countries) is a 2004 American theatrically animated comedy film and direct-to-video animated comedy film. It is based on ''The Lion King's Timon and Pumbaa* and serves as a third installment, sidequel to *The Lion King*. It is a final installment in the trilogy and the sidequel to *The Lion King*. All three movies were made by The Walt Disney Company. This movie is about the fictional characters Timon and Pumbaa before they met Simba.

## Release
*The Lion King * was released on February 10, 2004. Internationally, it was titled *The Lion King 3: Hakuna Matata*.

## The story 
Timon and Pumbaa start to watch the original *Lion King'' movie, but Timon keeps insisting to fast forward to when they come in, because they were not seen in the beginning of the story or anywhere until halfway through. Pumbaa suggests telling the audience their story, which begins before Simba's journey begins. Through this, we meet Timon's mother and Uncle Max, discover why he left his meerkat colony, where he learned Hakuna Matata, how he met Pumbaa, and the perils they encountered while searching for their dream home.

## Voice cast
Appearing but silent are Simba's father Mufasa, mother Sarabi and uncle Scar.

## Soundtrack 
The movie's soundtrack, ''The Lion King 1½: Songs From Timon and Pumbaa's Hilarious Adventure'', was released on CD by Disney Records on February 10, 2004. It includes two songs from the original movie, "That's All I Need" and "Hakuna Matata", reperformed by Nathan Lane who took over the role of voicing the character Timon. The rest of the soundtrack includes various R&B tracks, including remakes of the Kool and the Gang classic "Jungle Boogie" by artist French, and two instrumental pieces from film composer Don Harper.

;Track listing

## Awards
## Video game 
A video game version of the movie was published in 2003 for the Game Boy Advance. It had Timon and Pumbaa as the playable characters.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Friendly Floatees

Curtis Ebbesmeyer with flotsam (including some Friendly Floatees) that he uses to monitor ocean currents.]]**Friendly Floatees** are a kind of plastic bath toys like ducks and other birds. They are made so that they float very well. They became famous because a cargo ship lost many of them. Curtis Ebbsmeyer then used these to study currents in the ocean.
Animatronics

**Animatronics** is to use electronics and robotics in automated, magically moving puppets to make them appear to be alive. It is normally used in moviemaking, but also in theme parks and other forms of getting out of boredom. The best things about it and CGI and stop motion is that it is not a feeling of reality, but are some objects moving in the computer. The technology behind this has become more large and difficult over the years, making the puppets become real. 

The modern era of animatronics began in 1961, when Walt Disney started developing animatronics for entertainment and film. The first animatronic figure he created was the 9" tall "dancing man" figure that used older rotating cam technology to create the movement of the figure.

## References
## Other websites
* Swarthmore/Brief guide
Scar (The Lion King)

**Scar** is a fictional lion and the main antagonist of Walt Disney Pictures' animated movie *The Lion King*. He is Simba's envious and scheming archenemy and paternal uncle who is Mufasa's arch-rival and younger brother and Shenzi, Banzai and Ed's former leader and boss.

He was voiced by Jeremy Irons with singing vocals by Jim Cummings in the 1994 movie. His supervising animator was Andreas Deja. Scar is one of four Disney characters to be nominated for "Best Villain" in the MTV Movie Awards (the other three being the White Witch, Captain Barbossa and Davy Jones), and is the only Disney animated character to have achieved this.
Pepe le Pew

**Pepé Le Pew** is an animated skunk created by Chuck Jones in 1945. His original name was "Stinky". The Pepe le Pew cartoon, *For Scent-imental Reasons* (1949) was the only Chuck Jones-directed Looney Tunes cartoon that won the Academy Award for Best Animated short. He speaks with a French accent.
Fraidy Cat

**Fraidy cat** (also known as **scaredy cat**) is a slang term for a person who is very skittish or fearful.  

**Fraidy Cat** may mean:
**Fraidy Cat* (movie), a 1942 Tom and Jerry cartoon short
*"Fraidy Cat" (*Garfield and Friends*), a 1988 episode of *Garfield and Friends*
**Fraidy Cat* (TV series), a cartoon series
*Fraidy Katt (band), a Canadian band
**Fraidy Cat*, a 2008 animated horror short movie from S4 Studios