open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Louis Riel

**Louis David Riel ** (22 October 1844 – 16 November 1885,  (Loo-EE Ree-EL) in English) was a Canadian politician who helped found Manitoba and was a leader of the Métis people in the Canadian Prairies. He led two resistance movements against the Canadian government, led by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald. 

Riel tried to preserve Métis rights and culture. However, he was until recently usually regarded as an outlaw since he fought the Canadian government in 1870, when his people took prisoners.

One of the prisoners was a man named Thomas Scott, who disobeyed and disrespected Riel's men by assaulting one of them.

Riel had enough, and Scott was put on trial to a jury that contained several of Riel's most trusted men including Elzéar Goulet, a Métis leader who supported Riel. The court found Scott annoying, and he was sentenced to death by firing squad. 

Riel fled to the United States but in 1885 returned to fight against the Canadian government again. 

English-speaking Canadians, especially in Ontario, considered Riel a murderer of Scott. That caused a war party, the Wolsely Expedition, to be sent to put the resistance and eventually captured Riel. He was put on trial and then hanged in Regina, which is now in Saskatchewan.

French-speaking Canadians caused a riot in Montreal, Quebec, after his execution and still consider him as a hero.

## References
Bergen County Academies

**Bergen County Academies** is a public high school in Hackensack, New Jersey, United States.

The Bergen Academies—as it is sometimes called—is a magnet school which attracts students from all over Bergen County. Students who apply to the school can choose to attend one of seven disciplines, called academies. The academies are Science (AAST), Engineering (AEDT), Medical (AMST), Business (ABF), Computer Science (ATCS), Culinary (ACAHA), and Visual and Performing Arts (AVPA). The AVPA academy is further split into three sub-sections: AVPA-V (Visual Arts), AVPA-T (Theater Arts), and AVPA-M (Music).

Notable alumni include:

* George Hotz (American hacker)
* Mark Leschinsky (filmmaker)
Hackensack, New Jersey

{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Hackensack, New Jersey
|settlement_type          = City
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = *A City in Motion*

|image_skyline            = BergenCountyCourtHouse2.jpg
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = The Bergen County Court House, designed in the American Renaissance style
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 

|image_map                = Bergen County New Jersey Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Hackensack Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250x200px
|map_caption              = Location of Hackensack in Bergen County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Bergen County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).

{
  "type": "ExternalData",
  "service": "geoshape",
  "ids": "Q138458"
}

|image_map1               = Census_Bureau_map_of_Hackensack,_New_Jersey.png
|mapsize1                 = 250x200px
|map_caption1             = Census Bureau map of Hackensack, New Jersey

|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = 
|subdivision_type1        = State
|subdivision_name1        = 
|subdivision_type2        = County
|subdivision_name2        = Bergen
|government_type          = 1923 Municipal Manager Law
|government_footnotes     = 
|area_total_km2           = 11.27
|area_land_km2            = 10.86
|area_water_km2           =  0.41
|area_total_sq_mi         =  4.35
|area_land_sq_mi          =  4.19
|area_water_sq_mi         =  0.16
|area_water_percent       =  3.63
|area_rank                = 287th of 565 in state16th of 70 in county

|population_as_of         = 2020
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_density_km2   = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = 10983.1
|population_density_rank  = 33rd of 565 in state10th of 70 in county
|elevation_m              = 
|elevation_ft             = 20
|coordinates_footnotes    = 
|coordinates              = 
|postal_code_type         = ZIP Code
|postal_code              = 07601
|area_code                = 201
|blank_name               = FIPS code
|blank_info               = 3400328680
|blank1_name              = GNIS feature ID
|blank1_info              = 885236
|website                  = 
|footnotes                = 
}}

**Hackensack** is a city of Bergen County in the state of New Jersey in the United States.  It is the county seat of Bergen County. Almost 46,000 people were living in Hackensack as of 2020.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Hackensack official website
Toxic assets

The term **toxic asset** is a nontechnical term used to describe certain financial assets when their value has fallen significantly and when there is no longer a functioning market for these assets, so that they cannot reasonably be sold. This term became common during the financial crisis that began in August 2007. Toxic assets played a major role in that crisis. When the market for such assets ceases to function, it is described as "frozen". 

Markets for some toxic assets froze in 2007, and the problem grew significantly worse in the second half of 2008. Several factors contributed to the freezing of toxic-asset markets. The value of the assets were very sensitive to economic conditions, and increased uncertainty in these conditions made it difficult to estimate the value of the assets. Banks and other, major financial-institutions were unwilling to sell the assets at significantly reduced prices, since lower prices would force them to significantly reduce their stated assets, making them appear insolvent.
Josephus

**Titus Flavius Josephus** (; 37 –  100), born **Yosef ben Matityahu** ( *Yōsef ben Matiṯyāhu*;  *Iṓsēpos Matthíou paîs*), was a Jewish writer and historian who wrote a book about in the First Jewish–Roman War and destruction of Jerusalem in 70&nbsp;. According to some historians, he wrote briefly about Jesus, some decades after Jesus died.

During the First Jewish-Roman War he fought against the Romans until his surrender in 67.

## References
Final Solution

gas chamber used during the Final Solution]]The **Final Solution** (German: ***Die Endlösung***) was a plan made by Nazi Germany to exterminate European Jews (along with Roma and Sinti people) during World War II. The Final Solution was part of the Holocaust.

On July 31 1941, Nazi Luftwaffe leader Hermann Goering ordered the Schutzstaffel (SS) to make plans for a "Final Solution to the Jewish question."

## Methods 
### Shootings and gas vans 
Early on, the Nazis killed Jews in a variety of ways, including mass shootings by death squads like the Einsatzgruppen. 

Starting in the autumn of 1941, SS and police forces also began using mobile gas vans to kill people by carbon monoxide poisoning. The Nazis had already been using gas to execute people with disabilities in their T-4 Euthanasia Program, but had never used mobile gas chambers before. The operation was named after SS General Reinhard Heydrich, who had been killed by Czech soldiers. Their purpose was to kill as many people as possible, and these camps had their own permanent gas chambers.

## Related pages 
* The Holocaust
* Extermination camps (death camps)
* Bełżec extermination camp
* Auschwitz concentration camp and extermination camp
* Wannsee Conference
* Genocide

## References
Suetonius

**Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus** (), commonly known as **Suetonius** ( ; c. AD 69 &ndash; after AD 122), was a Roman historian. His most important work is called *De Vita Caesarum,* or *Lives of the Caesars*. It includes the biographies of twelve successive Roman rulers, from Julius Caesar to Domitian.

Suetonius was born when Vespasian was emperor, so scholars say he must have been born before 79 c.e.  His father was from Rome's equestrian social class.  He worked as a secretary for Emperor Hadrian but he was accused of something having to do with the empress Sabina and was forced to retire in 121 c.e.  He wrote *De Vita Caesarum* after that.

Europeans during the medieval and early modern periods thought *De Vita Caesarum* was a very good book.  Many scholars have read and translated it.  It has been printed in more than 100 separate versions since 1500 a.d.

## References
Last Supper

have been undertaken by artistic masters for centuries, Leonardo da Vinci's late-1490s mural painting in Milan, Italy, being the best-known example.]]

The **Last Supper** is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion.  The Apostle Paul tells of this supper in his first letter to the Corinthians.  The Synoptic Gospels all tell of Jesus using the bread and wine as symbols of his body and blood.  the Gospel of John does not include those details but tells of Jesus washing the feet of the disciples.  This has led to some Christian groups having a ritual of foot washing as a sign of humility. 

The Last Supper is commemorated by Christians especially on Maundy Thursday. The Last Supper provides the purpose for Eucharist, also known as "Holy Communion" or "The Lord's Supper".

## How it is celebrated
Christian groups have different ways to celebrate this event.  The Roman Catholic mass is observed at least weekly. Lutheran, Episcopal and other denominations also do this, but their understanding of its meaning is not identical to that of the Roman Catholics. Other denominations celebrate no more than 4 times a year. Some Christian groups such as the Salvation Army do not celebrate it at all. Churches which celebrate the last supper usually have fixed rituals that are used. This is followed by the believers receiving small pieces of bread and a sip of wine or grape juice. Some churches practice "closed" communion.  This means only members of the church can participate.  Others, such as Methodists allow all those present to participate. Churches with closed communion may also deny their own members if they are not living according to the rules of the church.

## The Meaning of the Celebration
The historical Roman Catholic view is that in the Eucharist the bread and wine actually turn into the real body and blood of Jesus, even though their appearance does not change.
This would mean that celebrating the Eucharist adds to the sacrifice of Jesus on the Cross. They say it takes away pain or guilt from a person for whom it is celebrated. Protestants say this is wrong. They believe that the celebration helps Christians to remember that Jesus died for them. The sacrifice of Jesus was complete and perfect, and nothing needs to be added to it. The Anglican Church states this clearly in Article 31 of their Articles of faith. 

## References
## Relating page
*Eucharist
Dionysius Exiguus

**Dionysius Exiguus** (–), was a monk born in Scythia Minor. This is now a part of modern Romania. Dionysius is best known as the inventor of the Anno Domini era, which is used to number the years of both the Gregorian calendar and the Julian calendar.

## Related pages
* Anno Domini
ISO 8601

**ISO 8601** is an international standard to describe dates and times in the easiest way possible for computers to understand.

This standard is based on putting the biggest types of numbers first and the smallest types of numbers last. Because years are bigger than months, and months are bigger than days, they are put in the order of YEAR-MONTH-DAY.

A basic ISO date for today looks like --.

The basic ISO time is :.

Another very important principle is that when a computer or human puts ISO 8601 dates into alphabetical order, they are also in chronological order.

People can also use these dates, but it is currently not common for people in any country to write dates using this standard in their day-to-day lives, though many Asian countries follow YEAR-MONTH-DAY order, but the most formal date format would be DAY/MONTH/YEAR with all numbers 2 digits and slashes.

## References
Malena Ernman

**Malena Ernman** (born as **Sara Magdalena Ernman**, 4 November  1970) is a Swedish opera singer (mezzo-soprano). Ernman has performed chansons, cabaret, jazz and appeared in musicals. 

## Career 
Malena Ernman is today one of Sweden's most popular opera singers and a member of The Royal Swedish Academy of Music. Ernman won Melodifestivalen in 2009 and represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia.

## Family 
Ernman is married to actor Svante Thunberg. They have two children including environmentalist Greta Thunberg. Ernman's father-in-law is actor Olof Thunberg.

## Other websites
Tönisvorst

**Tönisvorst** is a town in the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## References
## Other websites
Dajabón

The Dominican city of **Dajabón** is the head municipality of the Dajabón province, on the northwestern border with Haiti.

## Population
The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 25,245: 12,545 men and 12,700 women. The urban population was  of the total population, one of the most urban municipality in the country.

The municipality of Dajabón has the Monte Cristi province to the north, the municipality of Partido to the east, the municipality of Loma de Cabrera to the south and Haiti to the west.

### Climate
Dajabón has a tropical wet and dry/savanna climate (Köppen climate classification : **Aw**).

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . Most rains fall during the end of summer. The month with the most precipitation on average is May with  of rainfall, followed by June with .

The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is February with an average of  and the second is January with .

Dajabón is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

## Administrative division
The municipality of Dajabón has only one municipal district:

## Economy
The main economic activity of the municipality is agriculture. Commerce with Haiti is also an important economic activity in the city. On Mondays and Fridays, Haitians can cross the bridge to sell and buy different things.

## References
Golden eagle

The **golden eagle** (*Aquila chrysaetos*) is one of the best-known birds of prey in the northern hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle. Golden eagles use their agility and speed combined with powerful feet and massive, sharp talons to snatch up prey. They eat hares, rabbits, marmots and other ground squirrels.

Once common across the Holarctic, it has gone from many areas heavily populated by humans. The species is still widespread. It lives in Eurasia, North America, and parts of North Africa.

Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. It is one of the largest birds of prey in North America; only the  California condor gets larger. Golden eagles also live in the Scottish Highlands.

## Related pages 
* Bald eagle
* Eagle
* Northern goshawk
Geoff Capes

**Geoff Capes** (23 August 1949 – 23 October 2024) was an English shotput champion, two times world's strongest man and a champion budgerigar breeder (now president of the British Budgerigar Breeding Association. 

He was born in 1949 in Holbeach, Lincolnshire. He is 6 foot 6&nbsp;inches tall, which is unusually tall. He weighed 139&nbsp;kg or 306 stone.

He used to be a policeman but retired when he became a shotputter in the 1970s. His best throw was in 1980 and was 20.5 metres. This record stood until 2003, over twenty years.

Capes once advertised caravans in South Yorkshire.

Capes died on 23 October 2024 in Stoke Rochford, Lincolnshire at the age of 75.

## References
Nodicia de Kesos

The **Nodicia de Kesos** (*Document of Kesos*) is the first text written in Spanish.

## Origins 
The document was made between 959 and 974, and shows the evolution of the language from Latin to a romance language.

## The document 
The document was made in Ardón, Kingdom of León, actually a municipality in the province of León, Spain. It is a report about some cheeses written for a monastery. It is now kept in the León Cathedral.

"Nodicia de /kesos que /espisit frater /Semeno: jn labore /de fratres jn ilo ba- /celare /de cirka Sancte Ius- /te, kesos U; jn ilo /alio de apate, /II kesos; en [que] /puseron ogano, /kesos IIII; jn ilo /de Kastrelo, I; /jn ila vinia majore, /II;

(2ª columna)/que lebaron en fosado, /II, ad ila tore; /que baron a Cegia, /II, quando la talia- /ron ila mesa; II que /lebaron Lejione; II /..s...en /u...re... /...que... /...c... /...e...u /...alio (?) /... /g... Uane Ece; alio ke le /ba de sopbrino de Gomi /de do...a...; IIII que espi- /seron quando llo rege /uenit ad Rocola; /I qua salbatore ibi /uenit."

## Related pages 
* Kingdom of León
Convex regular 4-polytope

In mathematics, a **convex regular 4-polytope** (or **polychoron**) is 4-dimensional (4D) polytope which is both regular and convex. These are the four-dimensional analogs of the Platonic solids (in three dimensions) and the regular polygons (in two dimensions).

These polytopes were first described by the Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli in the mid-19th century. Schläfli discovered that there are precisely six such figures. Five of these may be thought of as higher dimensional analogs of the Platonic solids. There is one additional figure (the 24-cell) which has no three-dimensional equivalent.

Each convex regular 4-polytope is bounded by a set of 3-dimensional *cells* which are all Platonic solids of the same type and size. These are fitted together along their respective faces in a regular fashion.

## Properties 
The following tables lists some properties of the six convex regular polychora. The symmetry groups of these polychora are all Coxeter groups and given in the notation described in that article. The number following the name of the group is the order of the group.

Since the boundaries of each of these figures is topologically equivalent to a 3-sphere, whose Euler characteristic is zero, we have the 4-dimensional analog of Euler's polyhedral formula:
:N_0 - N_1 + N_2 - N_3 = 0\,
where *N**k* denotes the number of *k*-faces in the polytope (a vertex is a 0-face, an edge is a 1-face, etc.).

## Visualizations
The following table shows some 2 dimensional projections of these polytopes. Various other visualizations can be found in the other websites below. The Coxeter-Dynkin diagram graphs are also given below the Schläfli symbol.

## Related pages
*Regular polytope
*Platonic solid

## References
*H. S. M. Coxeter, *Introduction to Geometry, 2nd ed.*, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1969. .
*H. S. M. Coxeter, *Regular Polytopes*, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
* D. M. Y. Sommerville, *An Introduction to the Geometry of **n** Dimensions.* New York, E. P. Dutton, 1930. 196 pp. (Dover Publications edition, 1958) Chapter X: The Regular Polytopes

## Other websites
*
*Jonathan Bowers, 16 regular polychora 
*Regular 4D Polytope Foldouts 
*Catalog of Polytope Images A collection of stereographic projections of 4-polytopes.
*A Catalog of Uniform Polytopes
*Dimensions 2 hour film about the fourth dimension (contains stereographic projections of all regular polychrons)
Manager (baseball)

A **manager** is the head coach of a baseball team.  His job is to tell the players on the team what to do and make decisions about how the team should play, like who will play in what position.  
In the past, managers were usually players. Since they were players, these managers wore the same uniform as the rest of the team. Managers who were not players, such as Connie Mack, would not be dressed in uniform. Today, managers dress in the same uniform as the team, even though most managers today are not players. Managers in Major League Baseball and for many other teams as well are usually former players themselves. Their playing experience may give them more knowledge on the game that they can use to help their team.
Polytope

A **polytope** is figure in geometry. It is a geometric object with flat sides, in any number of dimensions. A polygon is a polytope in two dimensions, a polyhedron in three dimensions, and so on. Sometimes the number of dimensions is shown as a number, as in a polyhedron being a 3-polytope or a tesseract a convex regular 4-polytope. 

## Related pages
* Regular polytope
Mir Jafar

**Syed Mir Jafar Ali Khan Bahadur** ( – 5 February 1765) often known as **Mir Jafar**, whose full formal name was '''Shuja ul-Mulk Hashim ud-Daula Nawab Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur Mahabat Jang''' was a Bengali Shia Muslim remembered for the agreement he made with the British when he was the Nawab of Bengal. This agreement meant that the Army of Bengal surrendered to the British army and were killed at the Battle of Plassey. This was the start of the British rule in Bengal.

He is remembered by the people of Bengal and Pakistan. The word "mirjafar" in Bengali and the phrase "meer jafar" in Urdu now are often used to mean traitor.

Mir Jafar was an influential figure in the history of Bengal during the 18th century. He was born in the early 1690s and hailed from a noble family. Mir Jafar initially served as a commander in the army of Nawab Alivardi Khan, the ruler of Bengal. However, in 1757, during the Battle of Plassey, he betrayed the Nawab and colluded with the British East India Company. This treacherous act resulted in the British victory over the Nawab's forces, marking a significant turning point in the colonization of India by the British. In return for his betrayal, Mir Jafar was installed as the puppet Nawab of Bengal by the British. His reign as Nawab was marred by corruption and subservience to the British, which led to discontent among the people. Mir Jafar's name became synonymous with betrayal, and he is almost exclusively remembered as a traitor in South Asian history.

## References
Convex set

In Euclidean space, a  is a **convex set** if the following is true. For any two points inside the region, a straight line  can be drawn. If every point on that segment is inside the region, then the region is convex.

The point is that a convex curve forms the boundary of a convex set. So, any shape which is concave, or has a hollow, cannot be a convex set.

## Related pages
* Convex function
Flame nebula

The **Flame Nebula**, also known as **NGC 2024**, is a nebula in the constellation Orion. It has no well defined edge. It is about 900 to 1,500 light-years away. 

The nebula is part of the Orion complex. This is a star-making area that also has the famous Horsehead Nebula in it. The bright star Alnitak (ζ Ori), the most eastern star in the Belt of Orion, shines a glow of electrons into the Flame nebula. 

## Other websites
*NGC 2024 at Astrophotography 

## References
Polychoron

is the best known polychoron, containing eight cubic cells, three around each edge.It is viewed here as a Schlegel diagram projection into 3-space, distorting the regularity, but keeping its topological continuity. The eighth cell projects into the volume of space exterior to the boundary.]]

In geometry, a **polychoron** (plural: **polychora**) is a figure in four dimensions. The word comes from Greek *poly*, which means *many* and *choros* which means *room*, or *space*. Sometimes the figure is called **4-polytope** or **polyhedroid**. The analogue figure in two dimensions is a polygon, and the one in three dimensions is a polyhedron. 

## Other websites
*
*Four dimensional figures page
*Jonathan Bowers: Uniform polychora
Ardón

**Ardón** is a municipality in the province of Llión (Spain).

The Nodicia de Kesos, first document in Leonese language, was found in this place.

## Related pages
* Leonese language
Moudud Ahmed

**Moudud Ahmed** (May 24, 1940 &ndash; March 16, 2021) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad between 1979 until 1982, 1986 until 1996 and 2001 until 2006.

Ahmed was the Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1988 to 1989 as part of General Ershad's Jatiyo's party. He was also the Minister of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs as part of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) of Begum Khaleda Zia's term between 2001 and 2006. In 2010 he became one of the leaders of the BNP.

From 1989 until 1990, Ahmed was Vice President of Bangladesh during the final year of Hussain Muhammad Ershad presidency.

Ahmed was hospitalized for lung congestion and kidney problems in Singapore on February 1, 2021. He died a month later on March 16, at the age of 80.

## References
Vertex figure

In geometry, a **vertex figure** is the  that results when the area around a vertex (corner) of a polyhedron or other kind of polytope is sliced off. The vertex figure of a polytope looks like a shape from the previous dimension. For example, the vertex figure of a cube is a triangle. 

The shape of a vertex figure on a polyhedron comes from how many of its faces are connected at one vertex. For example, the octahedron has a vertex figure shaped like a square (a four-sided shape) because its vertices each have four triangles connecting together. 

Besides its number of sides, the exact shape of a vertex figure is different if the faces are meet in a different way. For example, each vertex of a cuboctahedron has four faces meeting: two triangles and two squares. The polygon faces’ different numbers of sides means that the vertex figure, a rectangle, has two different lengths for its sides. 

When the vertex figures of one polyhedron have exactly the same shape as the faces of another polyhedron, and the other polyhedron’s vertex figures match the faces of the first polyhedron, the two polyhedra are dual to each other.
Khaleda Zia

**Begum Khaleda Zia** (; (15 August 1946 – 30 December 2025) was Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1991 to 1996, and also from 2001 to 2006. She was the first woman Prime Minister in Bangladesh. Zia is the widow of assassinated President of Bangladesh Ziaur Rehman. She lead the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) from 1984 until her death in 2025. She was the first female prime minister of Bangladesh and the second female prime minister in the Muslim world after Benazir Bhutto.

On 23 November 2025, Zia was hospitalised in "very critical" condition and was taken to a hospital in Dhaka. On 30 December 2025, Zia died from a long-illness.

## References
Bush Hill Park railway station

**Bush Hill Park railway station** is in the London Borough of Enfield in north London. It is in Travelcard Zone 5, on the Enfield Town branch of the Lea Valley Lines. The station, and all trains serving it, is operated by London Overground.

Between Edmonton Green railway station and Enfield Town railway station. *The 1851* station.

&nbsp; 

## References
Mutualism (biology)

**Mut** is a relationship between two organisms in which both benefit. It is a type of symbiosis which improves the biological fitness of both parties. The two organisms usually come from widely different types, often from different phyla or even kingdoms. The term is not used for any cooperation between animals of the same species.

Edouard van Beneden (18091894) introduced the term into evolutionary biology and ecology in the 1870s.

Examples:
*Mycorrhiza: relationship between roots of plants and fungi.
*Rhizobia: relationship between roots of plants and bacteria which promotes nitrogen fixation.
*Many relationships between insects and flowering plants, where the insect gets food, and the plant gets transfer of pollen.
*Gut flora: many relationships between gut bacteria and herbivores. The bacteria digest cellulose, and get a regular supply of nutrients. Almost no animal can digest cellulose by itself.
*Lichen: an extremely close relationship between algae and fungi. Probably a mutualistic relationship, but less clearly.
*Figs: each fig tree species is pollinated by its own wasp species.
*Cleaner fish: small fish which pick parasites and dead matter from the mouth and body of much larger fish. The larger fish responds to the 'dance' of the cleaner by going passive.

## References
Regular polytope

, one of the five Platonic solids]]
In mathematics, a **regular polytope** is a shape with sides and vertices that are symmetrical. Like other polytopes, regular polytopes are found in any number of dimensions.

A two-dimensional regular polytope is a regular polygon, and a three-dimensional regular polytope is a **regular polyhedron**. Even though these groups include different shapes, they are based on the same idea of the shapes having regular symmetry. Regular polytopes have regular facets (faces, as seen from the 3D viewpoint), and their vertex figures are regular.

Each number of dimensions has a different set of regular polytopes. However, all of them have a simple shape. The simplest of regular polytopes is the triangle in 2D, the tetrahedron in 3D, and the pentachoron in 4D.
Javan hawk-eagle

The **Javan hawk-eagle** (*Nisaetus bartelsi*) is a medium-sized dark brown raptor in the family Accipitridae. The Javan hawk-eagle is the national bird of Indonesia.

The Javan hawk-eagle is believed to be monogamous. The female usually lays one egg in a nest high on top of a forest tree. Their diet consists mainly of birds, lizards, fruit bats and mammals.
Asian arowana

The ** Asian arowana** (*Scleropages formosus*) is a species of fish that live in slow moving streams and creeks in Southeast Asia and Australia; Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra and Thailand.
Uttarkashi district

**Uttarkashi District** (), also known as **Uttar Kashi District**, is a district of Garhwal division of the Uttarakhand state in northern India.  Its headquarters are at Uttarkashi city.

Uttarkashi District town is high in the Himalaya range. The source of both the Ganges and Yamuna rivers are in the district. These attract thousands of Hindu pilgrims. The town is on the main route to Gangotri, has many Hindu temples, and is thought to be an important Hindu pilgrimage centre.

## Demographics
The 2011 census said that 329,686 people live in Uttarkashi district. This is around the same amount as the nation of Belize.  Because of this, it is 567th in India by the amount of people who live there (out of a total of 640).

## References
Simplex

]]
In geometry, a **simplex** (plural: *simplices* or *simplexes*), sometimes called *n-simplex* is the *n*-dimensional analogue  of the triangle. A triangle is a 2-simplex. The 0-simplex is the point, the 1-simplex is the line segment (line connecting two points). The 3-simplex is the tetrahedron, and the 4-simplex is the pentachoron.

A **regular simplex** is a simplex that is also a regular polytope. A regular *n*-simplex may be made from a regular (*n* -  1)-simplex by connecting a new vertex to all the other vertices. All the edges have the same length.
Pentachoron

In geometry a **Pentachoron** is an object in four-dimensional (4D) space. It is a regular polytope and a 4-simplex. It is also called **hyperpyramid**, **5-cell** or **pentatope**. It has 5 points, 10 edges, 10 faces, and 5 cells. Cells are the four dimensional equivalent of faces. Just like how a face is a 2d shape on a 3d shape, a cell is a 3d shape on a 4d one. 

Each cell in the pentachoron is a tetrahedron. 

Each of the pentachoron's points are connected to every other point in it. 

The Dual polytope of the pentachoron is itself. 

The biggest 3d view of the pentachoron is a triangular prism.
Hakka

**Hakka** may refer to:

* Hakka people
* Hakka language, a branch of the Chinese language
* Hakka architecture
* Hakka cuisine
* *Hakka* (genus), a genus of jumping spiders
American lobster

The **American lobster** (*Homarus americanus*) is a species of lobster are found in the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of North America.

**American Lobster**

A large bottom-dwelling crustacean; known for its meat, large claws, and reddish coloring that appears after cooking. Typically they occur from Maine to North Carolina with seven Lobster Conservation Management Areas. The resources and fisheries are managed by both the states and NOAA fisheries. 

**Appearance**

	The American Lobster is a crustacean with a shrimp-like body and ten legs. They also have two unequal claws, one with a large, thick crusher that smashes shells and the other as a sharp cutter that can tear flesh. The lobsters have two pairs of antennae, the longer of which is used for sensing and a shorter pair in addition. Known for their coloring, they are usually a greenish-brown, but have been famous for bright coloring that can sometimes be present due to rare genetic mutations. These mutations can cause them to be bright hues of blue, orange, or even calico. Their size can be very large, reaching up to 44 pounds and they can live a long time, even over 100 years [1]. 

**Habitat and Distribution**

	Their populations are present from Maine to North Carolina within the North Atlantic where they live on rocky seafloors. As climate change is causing waters to rise in temperature, these lobsters are moving deeper due to their preference for cooler waters. The populations are highest in Maine, lowering in abundance moving south [1]. 

**Behavior**

	This species is generally nocturnal, operating in solitary, and very territorial over their habitats. In the day, they hide in rocky dens while at night they come out to hunt. They are able to use chemoreception, which is the use of chemical sense, to find their food, preferring mollusks, crabs, and more. As the water temperature and seasons change, their activity patterns shift as well. Their specialized claws allow them to be opportunistic omnivores eating crabs, mussels, clams, starfish, sea urchins, fish, and other dead organisms [1]. 

	Females choose males in the reproduction system through a “boxing” ritual. This is a courtship and dominance display where the males use their claws and tails to compete for females. It typically involves chasing, grappling, and tail flips in a dance where the male guards a female after she molts. This dance establishes dominance and winners are able to claim territories or access to females [2]. 

## Other websites
https://www.vcy.org/creation-moments/2024/11/05/the-loving-lobster/ 

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Homarus_americanus/
Hakka language

**Hakka** is a dialect of the Chinese language spoken mainly in southern China by the Hakka people and their descendants now living in East and Southeast Asia and countries around the world.

## References 
## Further reading 
* *The Hakka Dialect. A Linguistic Study of its Phonology, Syntax and Lexicon*, by Mantaro J. Hashimoto. (Cambridge University Press, 1973).
Leonese Language Day

**Leonese Language Day** (*Día de la Llingua Llïonesa*) is a celebration of the Leonese language. This celebration was started in the city of Llión, province of Llión, Spain. It was the result of a protocol signed between Leonese Provincial Government and the Cultural Association for Leonese Language El Fueyu. The celebration is run by the Llión City Council.

Some things that happen during the celebration are a display of traditional Leonese music, as well as the display of some works about Leonese language. There are also books about the Leonese language and Leonese films.

## I Leonese Language Day
Leonese Language Day started on June 10, 2006. The celebration was organized by the *Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu* with the help of the Asociación Berciana en Defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín, *La Barda* (Leonese language association from Salamanca) and *Pro Monumenta*. There were traditional Leonese musical actuations and it was presented the book in Leonese language "Cuentos del Sil", and several personalities from the cultural, universitary, politic leonese world with young Leonese language students recited poems in Leonese language. It counted with the support of Leonese Provincial Government

## II Leonese Language Day
This second Leonese Language Day was celebrated on December 16, 2007. The celebration was organized by the Leonese City Council with the help of several associations. At the celebration a documentary called *Asina falamos* was shown, as well as a play called *Fuei a corteixar a Robles*.

## III Leonese Language Day
The third Leonese Language Day was run by the Leonese City Council, with help of several Leonese associations like puntuLLI. That celebration was  on December 30. There were meetings about the Leonese Language at the celebration.

## IV Leonese Language Day
At the fourth Leonese Language Day there were musicians like Rodrigo Martínez, Banda de Gaitas, and Ciudá de Llión. During the celebration diplomas were given to the people who done Leonese language lessons in School.

## Related pages
* Leonese language
* Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu
* Asociación Berciana en Defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín
* Cuentos del Sil

## Other websites
* Official new of the signement of the Protocl between the Leonese Provincial Government and Leonese Language Association for developing the Leonese Language Day 
*Leonese Language Association
*Leonese Language Association from El Bierzu 
*Top Level Domain for Leonese Language 
*Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa 

## References
PuntuLLI

The **Asociación PuntuLLI** (dot LLI) is an association that promotes the creation of a Top Level Domain for the Leonese Language and Culture.

Similar campaigns started in Scotland (dot SCO), Wales (dot CYM), Berlin (dot Berlin) or New York (dot New York).

PuntuLLI is recognised by cityTLD as a Top Level Domain official initiative.

## Origins
The campaign for reaching a .lli domain started on January 2007 looking for the support of associations and institutions. Between the organizations that support this requirement to the ICANN there are associations about culture, language, sport or nature.

## Objectives
This association promotes the creation of a .lli domain in Internet, according to the ICANN policy of giving Top Level Domains for the languages and cultures. In this sense, puntuLLI promotes a Leonese language and cultural domain.

## Activities
In 2008 PuntuLLI have collaborated with other initiatives for promoting the Leonese language like an sponsor, specially the Armwrestling World Championship, developed in Llión, the Leonese Country Pipe Bands Championship. 
Leonese City Council selected puntuLLI as official developer of the Internet activities in the III Leonese Language Day.

## Supports
There are more than 800 people added and 44 organisations that support the campaign, via web, for reaching a Top Level Domain for Leonese language and culture webs.

## Similar campaigns
Actually there are campaigns for reaching TLDs for languages and cultures in Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Galicia, Basque Country, England, Quebec and Cornwall.

Similar campaigns, requesting a TLD for cities, are developed in Berlin, London, New York and Paris.

## Related pages
*Leonese language
*Kingdom of León
*ICANN
*Top Level Domain

## References
## Sources
* Pardo, Abel "El Llïonés y las Tics". Mikroglottika Year Book 2008. Peter Lang. Frankfurt am Main. 2008.  
* Diario de León: "La Plataforma puntuLLI registra ya 6.000 visitas y más de 400 apoyos". January 31, 2007 

## Other websites
* puntuLLI Association in Leonese language, English, Italian, Catalan and many other languages
The Lone Gunmen (TV series)

***The Lone Gunmen*** was a short-lived television show based on the show *The X-Files*. It focused on the three geeks that occasionally helped Agents Mulder and Scully. Their names were John Byers, played by Bruce Harwood, Ringo Langly, played by Dean Haglund, and Melvin Frohike, played by Tom Braidwood (who used to work behind the scenes on *The X-Files* until he was talked into taking the part of Frohike).

The series expanded the line-up to include a character named Jimmy Bond, played by Stephen Snedden, and Yves Adele Harlow, played by Zuleikha Robinson.

It is best known for predicting the events of 9/11 in its first episode.
Travelcard

A **Travelcard** is a  ticket used for most transport in London, including buses and the underground. The ticket is issued by Transport for London and National Rail and can be used on the services of either.

## History 
Before Travelcards were used, travellers in Greater London had to pay every time they changed between
London Transport's bus and Underground services. This was a problem as it led to delays while purchasing the next ticket.

One ticket for all transport in London was one of the key promises made in 1981 by the newly-elected Labour Greater London Council, headed by council leader Ken Livingstone. The policy, with the slogan "Just The Ticket", meant that only one ticket was needed for London Transport bus and Underground services. They also reduced the price of transport. The price cut was then ruled illegal, but the one pricing scheme was mostly a success and was extended during the 1980s and 1990s as new transport routes were opened in London.

By 1985, there were two travelcards: the Travelcard itself, which covered only London Buses and the Underground, and the Capitalcard, which covered most bus, Underground and local British Rail (BR) services. The Travelcard replaced the original Capitalcard, while including its greater availability, around 1989.

The original "zonal" system was mainly in Greater London. The zone areas used both letters and numbers for the outermost zones such that bus availability ignored the letter while BR and Underground availability depended also upon the letter(s) - e.g. a Travelcard or Capitalcard valid in zone 3a (but not 3b or 3c) was valid on buses in zones 3a, 3b and 3c but only in zone 3a when used on the railway services.

## Transport modes 
A Travelcard entitles the holder to use the following modes of transport within Greater London:

*London Buses, including some services that terminate outside of Greater London
*London Underground
*London Overground
*Docklands Light Railway
*National Rail except for the Heathrow Express
*Tramlink

Travelcards also entitle the holder to a 33% discount on some London River Services.

## References
Loma de Cabrera

**Loma de Cabrera** is a Dominican city and municipality of the Dajabón province, on the northwestern part of the country, near the border with Haiti.

It was a small town in the Monte Cristi province that became a municipality when the Dajabón province was created in 1938.

## Name
Its Spanish name, Loma de Cabrera, means in English *Hill of Cabrera* or ''Cabrera's Hill''. The city and most of the municipality is among hills and its old name was Loma de David (David's Hill) but it was named after José Cabrera, one of the leaders of the Restoration War against Spain and who fought in this region.

## Location
The municipality is surrounded by municipalities of the Dajabón province: Dajabón to the north, Rstauración to the south, and El Pino and Partido to the east. To the west, Loma de Cabrera borders with Haiti.

## Population
The city had, in , a total population of 10,893: 5,647 men and 5,246 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

## Economy 
The main economic activity of the province is farming; the main products are coffee, beans and manioc.

Cattle raising for milk is also an important activity in the municipality.

## References
Proposed top-level domain

There are several **proposed top-level domains** that have not yet been submitted to or approved by ICANN, as of 2008.

## Location-based 
* .berlin - Berlin.
* .london - London.
* .nyc - New York City.
* .paris - Paris.
* .lat - General Latin American websites, similar to .asia and .eu.
* .africa - General African websites, similar to .asia and .eu.
 
## Language and community 
These proposals are for making independent internet identities by language and culture. They are mostly inspired by the success of the .cat domain created for websites in the Catalan language or about the Catalan culture.

## Children 
*.kids* is a top-level domain that has been proposed. So far, none of these proposals (other than the second-level .kids.us domain) have come to be.

Applications for a .kids domain have included:

The European Parliament has also proposed **.kid** for websites designed for children.  It would be monitored by an independent authority.

## Technical 
* .geo - Generic geographical locations.
* .mail - A domain for e-mail networks, proposed to make fighting e-mail spam easier.
* .web

## Specialized and professional topics 
* .med - Medical hospitals.
* .eco - Environmental causes 
* .post - Postal organizations.
* .xxx - Adult entertainment.

## Other websites
* ICANN Proposed Top-Level Domain Registry Service
* *Web Campaigns Boost*, Eurolang - ICANN discussed the proposed top-level domains at a conference on 3 July 2008

## References
ICANN

]]

**ICANN** (, eye-can) is the **Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers**. ICANN is a non-profit corporation that was made on September 18, 1998. 

## Functions 
It oversees Internet-related tasks that used to be done by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority for the U.S. government. ICANN is located in Marina Del Rey, California, United States.

ICANN manages the assignment of domain names and IP addresses. To date, much of its work is about making new generic top-level domains.

## Other websites 
* ICANN website
Top-level domain

A **top-level domain**, or **TLD**, are the letters that follow the final dot of the domain names.

There are several kinds of TLDs:

* **Infrastructure**: One TLD, the .arpa
* **Countries**: Usually they are codes with two letters according to ISO 3166.
* **Sponsored**: They are promoted by collectives, organizations, the US government or territories with its own language and culture.
* **Generic**: They are .com, .net, .org and .info.
* **Generic restricted**: .edu, .gov, .mil

## Related pages
*Country code top-level domain (includes a list)

## References
Paul Blart: Mall Cop

***Paul Blart: Mall Cop*** is a 2009 American comedy movie starring Kevin James, Keir O'Donnell, and Jayma Mays. It was released on January 16, 2009, in the United States by Columbia Pictures.

## Cast 
* Kevin James as Paul Blart
* Keir O'Donnell as Veck Sims
* Jayma Mays as Amy
* Raini Rodriguez as Maya Blart
* Shirley Knight as Mrs. Blart
* Stephen Rannazzisi as Stuart
* Peter Gerety as Chief Brooks
* Bobby Cannavale as Commander Kent
* Adam Ferrara as Sergeant Howard
* Adhir Kalyan as Pahud
* Erick Avari as Vijay
* Jamal Mixon as Leon
* Allen Covert as Jerky Security Guy
* Bas Rutten as Drill Instructor
* Jason Ellis as Prancer
* Mike Escamilla as Vixen
* Mike Vallely as Rudolph

## Reception 
The movie received negative reviews from critics, but was met with critical acclaim from critics, namely movie-buff Emre Kahraman, who said of the movie "HOW U DO DIS," and "this is the most highly respected Italian film of ALL TIME." *Rotten Tomatoes* said that 29% of critics gave positive reviews, based on 81 reviews. Another website, Metacritic, gave the movie a 41/100 approval rating, based on 21 reviews from critics.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* 
* 
* 
*