open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sonny Bill Williams

**Sonny Bill Williams** is a New Zealand sportsman. He plays various sports. He has won numerous team and individual awards and titles.

Williams was born in Auckland. His father is from Samoa. His mother is a white New Zealander.

## Sporting history
*2004-2008: played Rugby league for Canterbury Bulldogs in the National Rugby League. Also played for the New Zealand team.
*2008-2010: played Rugby union for Toulon.
*2009-2013: boxed six times. He boxed as a Heavyweight. He won all his fights.
*2010: played rugby for Canterbury and New Zealand.
*2011: played rugby for the Crusaders and New Zealand.
*2012: played rugby for the Chiefs and New Zealand. Also played rugby for Panasonic in Japan.
*2013: played Rugby league for the Sydney Roosters in the NRL. Also played for the New Zealand team. 
*2014: played Rugby league for the Sydney Roosters.

## Sporting achievements
* 2004: NRL winner with the Bulldogs. Also won RLIF International Newcomer of the Year award.
* 2010: Ranfurly Shield winner with Canterbury. Also won ITM Cup with Canterbury.
* 2011: Rugby World Cup winner with New Zealand. Also won Bledisloe Cup with New Zealand.
* 2012: Super Rugby winner with the Chiefs. Also won Bledisloe Cup with New Zealand. Also won New Zealand Professional Boxing Association heavyweight title.
* 2013: NRL winner with the Roosters. Also won WBA International heavyweight title. Also won RLIF International Player of the Year award.
* 2014: World Club Challenge winner with the Roosters.

## Statistics 
### Club rugby league
### Club rugby union
### National rugby league and rugby union
## References
*
*
Karanvir Bohra

**Karanvir Bohra** (previously known as **Manoj Bohra**) is an Indian movie and television actor. He married Teejay Sidhu in 2006. Bohra appeared in Star Plus TV show *Kasautii Zindagii Kay* as Prem. He then played the role of Dev Kataria in the movie *Kismat Konnection*.
In 2012, he did a Punjabi movie with his wife Teejay Sidhu named *Love Yoou Soniye*. and played the lead role of Viraj Dobriyal, a psychologically disabled man who has mood swings, in the TV show *Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?*, in which his character was described by The Indian Express as "perhaps the most popular baddie on television". He participated in 2013 *Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa* Season 6. In 2014, he did a horror movie named *Mumbai 125 KM* and *Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi* with his wife Teejay Sidhu. He plays the role of Aahil Raza Ibrahim in *Qubool Hai*.

## Life and family
 at Bipasha Basu and Karan Singh Grover's wedding]]
Bohra was born on 28 August 1982 in Jodhpur to a Marwari family. He is the son of filmmaker Mahendra Bohra and grandson of actor-producer Ramkumar Bohra. Producer Sunil Bohra is his first cousin. He has a sister, Meenakshi. He attended G. D. Somani Memorial School, Cuffe Parade. He was student of Sydenham College, Churchgate. Bohra had received training in kathak for two years with Pandit Veeru Krishnan. Bohra married to model-VJ Teejay Sidhu at the Sri Sri Ravishankar Ashram, Bengaluru in 2006. In 2007, Bohra changed his name from Manoj to Karanvir. Earlier Bohra and his wife used to stay at Lokhandwala in Andheri, Mumbai, in 2014, he shifted to Goregaon, a locality in the Mumbai Suburban district. Bohra has been involved in cleanliness and meditation activities.

## Filmography
### Movies 
### Television
#### Fiction shows
#### Non-fiction shows
#### Events and other appearances
## Awards 
## References
## Other websites 
*
Grambling, Louisiana

**Grambling** is a city in Lincoln Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is the second most populous municipality in Lincoln Parish (after Ruston). This small city is best known for Grambling State University.

## References
Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?

***Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?*** was an Indian serial. It aired Monday to Friday evenings on Life OK from 18 December 2011 to 18 January 2013. Ajit Thakur said that the show was intended  "to pass on a social message against domestic violence".

## Plot 
A physically abusive man makes his wife's life a hell.

## Cast
* Sriti Jha as Jhanvi Dobriyal / Sia Raghavendra Pratap Singh
* Karanvir Bohra as Viraj Dobriyal
* Harshad Chopra as Raghavendra Pratap Singh 
* Mala Salariya as Ananya Ghosh
* Vinay Rohrra as Rajender Khanna 
* Ram Mehar Jangra as Unniyal 
* Zubin Dutt as Sanjay Sinha 
* Sudha Chandran as Ms. Vyas 
* Mouli Dutta as Paromita Ghosh
* Jaya Ojha as Uma Sharma 
* Sumukhi Pendsey as Gayatri Singh 
* Akanksha Juneja as Tanisha 
* Yash Ghanekar as Krish 
* Kiran Bhargava as Jhanvi's Dadi  
* Sulagna Chatterjee as Sia Sharma 
* Neha Mehta as Dr. Komal Devendra Singh 
* Natasha Rana as Geeta 
* Urvashi Dholakia as Dr. Komolika Rana 
* Fenil Umrigar as Priya Malhotra  
* Vaquar Shaikh as Shekhawat

## Awards
* Indian Television Academy Awards: *Best Actor in a Negative Role(Jury)* - Karanvir Bohra tie up with Kanika Maheshwari

## References
## Other websites
* Review by DNA
Super Bowl XLII

**Super Bowl XLII** (or Super Bowl 42) was a Super Bowl game between the New York Giants and the New England Patriots in the National Football League (NFL) to decide who would be the NFL champion for the 2007 season. The Giants won against the Patriots 17–14. 

The game was played on February 3, 2008 at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. The win gave the Giants their third Super Bowl title and their first since the 1990 NFL season at Super Bowl XXV. Eli Manning was named the Super Bowl MVP.

The Patriots entered Super Bowl XLII as the 12-point favorites because they completed the regular season undefeated with 16 wins and no losses. The Giants had ended the season with a record of 10–6 and were trying to become the first NFC wild card team to win a Super Bowl. Super Bowl XLII is regarded as one of the biggest upsets in sports history.

The game ended with a fourth-quarter drive by the Giants to win the game. The drive featured David Tyree making a leaping one-handed catch against his helmet for a 32-yard gain and Plaxico Burress scoring the winning touchdown on a 13-yard reception with 35 seconds in the game remaining.

The Giants have stopped the Patriots perfect season run as well as stopping them from going 19-0.

## References
Catharine A. MacKinnon

**Catharine Alice MacKinnon** (born October 7, 1946) is an American radical feminist legal scholar and lawyer. She is Elizabeth A. Long Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School. MacKinnon has been called a "victim feminist" by Naomi Wolf. MacKinnon graduated from Yale Law School in 1977.

As a legal scholar she opposes sexual harassment and pornography.

## References
Poni Adams

**Betty Jane Bierce** (August 7, 1918 &ndash; May 21, 2014), better known by her stage name **Jane** "**Poni**" **Adams**, was an American actress. Her career lasted from 1942 until 1953. Her best known role was as Nina in the movie *House of Dracula* (1945).

Adams was born in San Antonio, Texas. She received a full scholarship to Juilliard, which she later turned down to become model and later an actress.

Adams was married to Thomas Turnage from 1945 until his death in 2000. The couple had two children.

Adams died from natural causes on May 21, 2014 in Palm Desert, California, aged 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
Malcolm Simmons

**Malcolm** "**Simmo**" **Simmons** (20 March 1946 &ndash; 25 May 2014) was an English speedway rider. He was a member of the Poole Pirates, based in Poole. He won the Speedway World Team Cup three times (1974, 1975, 1977) and the Speedway World Pairs Championship also three times (1976, 1977, 1978).

Simmons was born in Tonbridge, Kent. He was married to June.

Simmons died from emphysema on 25 May 2014 in Kent, aged 68.

## References
Michael John Smith

**Michael John Smith** (April 30, 1945 &ndash; January 28, 1986), was known as **Mike Smith**. He was an American astronaut. On 28 January 1986 he was the pilot of the Space Shuttle Challenger. He and his crew were killed when the *Challenger* exploded 73 seconds into its flight.

## References
Seawise Giant

***Seawise Giant*** (known later as the **Happy Giant**, **Jahre Viking**, **Knock Nevis**, **Oppama**, and **Mont**) was a ULCC supertanker. It was the longest ship ever built and had the greatest deadweight tonnage that has ever been recorded. When it was heavily loaded, the ship had a displacement of 657,019 tonnes (646,642 long tons; 724,239 short tons) and had a draft of 24.6&nbsp;m (81&nbsp;ft). Due to it's size and lack of maneuverability, it was not able to move through the English Channel, Suez Canal or the Panama Canal.

The ship was built in 1979 by Sumitomo Heavy Industries at the Oppama shipyard in Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. The ship was sunk during the Iran–Iraq War but was salvaged, restored and put back into service. The ship sailed its final journey in December 2009 after being sold to Indian ship breakers. It was then intentionally beached in Alang, Gujarat, India and was demolished.

## References
Daniel Carvajal

**Daniel Carvajal Ramos** (born 11 January 1992) is a Spanish footballer. He plays as a right-back for Real Madrid C.F. and the Spain national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
 qualifiers]]

## Honours
**Real Madrid Castilla**
*Segunda División B: 2011–12

**Real Madrid** 2021–22
*Copa del Rey: 2013–14, 2022–23
*Supercopa de España: 2017, 2019–20, 2021–22
*UEFA Champions League: 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22
*UEFA Super Cup: 2014, 2016, 2017, 2022
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022
**Spain U19**

**Individual**
* UEFA European Under-19 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2011
*UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2013–14, 2016–17
*UEFA La Liga Team of the Season: 2016–17

## References
## Other websites
*Official Real Madrid profile
*Official Bayer Leverkusen profile
*
Presbyornis

***Presbyornis*** is an extinct genus of water bird. It was a wading bird, often walking in shallow water on its long legs.

*Presbyornis* was one of the first anseriforms. Because of its long legs and neck, it was initially mistaken for a flamingo. Later it was reclassified as an anseriform when the duck-like anatomy of its skull and bill was found. It is from an extinct group closely related to ducks and geese. Judging from numerous fossil findings, *Presbyornis* probably lived in colonies around shallow lakes. Its broad, flat bill was used to filter food (small plants and animals) from the water, in the manner of today's dabbling ducks.

The fossil record includes many complete skeletons from Green River Formation sites (early Eocene). This suggests that the birds nested in colonies, similar to many colony-nesting waterfowl or shorebirds today. Species of this bird have also been found in Maryland, Utah, England, and Mongolia.
Fossils are held in the Smithsonian Institution, the Natural History Museum, London, and the KUVP.

## References
Anglo-Saxon England

.]]
**Anglo-Saxon England** is the history of England from the 5th to 11th centuries.

The Anglo-Saxons and Frisians were people from Germanic tribes. They first came as migrants to southern Britain from central Europe. Anglo-Saxon/Frisian history begins after the end of Roman control.

In the 5th and 6th centuries there were seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and Wessex.

Anglo-Saxon Christianity arrived in the 7th century. Viking invasions and Danish settlers started in the 8th century. The gradual  of England under Wessex hegemony occurred during the 9th and 10th centuries.

Anglo-Saxon England ended with the Norman conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066. 
Anglo-Saxon/Frisian identity survived beyond the Norman conquest, and slowly developed into the modern English people.

## References
Vegavis

]]

***Vegavis*** is a genus of extinct bird that lived during the latest Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica, some 66 million years ago (mya). Among modern birds, It is most closely related to ducks and geese (Anatidae).
The discovery shows that some of the major groups of bird alive today had already diversified in the Cretaceous. It has been hailed as the first definite physical proof that birds from some of the modern groups lived in the Mesozoic.
The *Vegavis* fossil specimen is held by the Museo de La Plata, Argentina. The very delicate remains of one bird are embedded in rock. Tomography (CT) scans were used to get a clearer picture of the bone structure without damaging or destroying the fossil.

## References
Kuaima Riruako

**Kuaima Isaac Riruako** (born **Issaskar Kakuremdiro**; 24 April 1935 &ndash; 2 June 2014) was a Namibian politician. He served as a National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO) representative in Parliament. He was the President of NUDO and its presidential candidate in the 2004 presidential election. He placed fourth with 4.23% of the national vote. He was also the paramount chief of the Herero people from 1978.

## Personal life 
Riruako was born in Aminuis in the Omaheke Region. Riruako died from hypertension on 2 June 2014 in Windhoek. He was 79. He had been in serious care for a month before his death.

## References
Michael Smith (chemist)

**Michael Smith** CC, OBC, FRS (April 26, 1932 – October 4, 2000) was a British-born Canadian biochemist. He was the winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (shared with Kary Mullis) for his work in developing site-directed mutagenesis.

After graduation with a PhD in 1956 from the University of Manchester, he studied with Dr. Har Gobind Khorana (himself a Nobel Prize winner) at the British Columbia Research Council in Vancouver, Canada.

Smith received many awards in addition to the Nobel Prize, and was known for his generosity. He gave half of the Nobel Prize money to researchers working on the genetics of schizophrenia. The other half he gave to BC Science World in Vancouver and to the Society for Canadian Women in Science and Technology. He received the Royal Bank Award in 1999, and donated the grant to the BC Cancer Foundation.

## Site-specific mutagenesis 
In 1978, Smith, with former Fred Sanger colleague Clyde A. Hutchison III, introduced a new technique into molecular biology. This technique, called "oligonucleotide-directed site-directed mutagenesis", showed how to find the effect of a single mutant gene. They developed a synthetic DNA. With this they compared different protein molecules to show what the mutation did.

The new technology allowed deliberate alteration of genes to change the characteristics of an organism. It helps new diagnostic strategies and new treatments for genetic diseases. It may even allow the creation of artificial forms of life.

The team's paper describing site-directed mutagenesis was published as "Mutagenesis at a specific position in a DNA sequence" in the *Journal of Biological Chemistry* in September 1978. For the team's work, Smith shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Kary Mullis, the inventor of the polymerase chain reaction.

## Related pages 
* Genetic engineering

## References
Johnny Test

**Johnny Test** is an animated series produced by DHX Media. The series first aired on September 17, 2005 on the Kids WB channel. The series first aired in the United States on Cartoon Network on January 7, 2008. The series comes in over 75 countries in 19 languages. The first season of the show was produced by Teletoon ,  and later seasons by Cookie Jar Company after Cookie Jar Company was sold to DHX Media. The sixith season was produced by DHX Media and was labeled under Cookie Jar-DHX Media. The series is produced 130 episodes divided in 7 seasons. A Netflix revival of the show was made in 2021.

## Plot
The series revolves around the adventures of the title character, Johnny Test. He is an 11-year-old suburban boy who lives with his super-genius 13-year old twin sisters, Susan and Mary, both of whom are scientists. Johnny is often used as a test subject for his genius twin sisters' inventions and experiments. These range from s to superpowers. Their experiments often cause problems that he must resolve, and he must sometimes fight villains in the process. He occasionally saves the world with his sisters' inventions. Johnny's dog Dukie has been given the ability to speak by his sisters.
* Susan Test (voiced by Maryke Hendrikse)
* Mary Test (voiced by Brittney Wilson in seasons 1 and 5, and Ashleigh Ball in seasons 2–4 and 6)
* Hugh Test (voiced by Ian James Corlett)
* Lila Test (voiced by Kathleen Barr)
* Gil Nexdor (voiced by Andrew Francis)
* Mr. Black (voiced by Bill Mondy)
* Mr. White (voiced by Scott McNeil)

## Episodes
## Broadcast
### Worldwide
The show first premiered on Kids' WB on their saturday block on September 17, 2005 and moved to Cartoon Network.

### Canada
The show premiered on Teletoon.

## References
Shining Through

***Shining Through*** is a 1992 American-British World War II romantic drama movie. It is about 1940 in Germany. Michael Douglas plays Ed. Melanie Griffith plays secretary Linda. Liam Neeson plays Franz-Otto.

The movie was not successful, though it did make over $13 million in profits over a budget of $30 million. The movie was called the Worst Picture of 1992 by the Razzie Awards. The critics did not like it.

## Other websites 
*
Arrondissements of the Tarn-et-Garonne department

There are 2 **arrondissements in the Tarn-et-Garonne department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

The arrondissements are further divided into cantons and communes.

The arrondissements of the Tarn-et-Garonne department are:

## History
Since its creation, the Tarn-et-Garonne department has had few changes:
* 1808 : creation of the department with the arrondissements: Montauban, Castelsarrasin and Moissac. The city of Montauban was made the prefecture of the new department
* 1926 : the arrondissement of Moissac was eliminated

## References
Walter Jakob Gehring

**Walter Jakob Gehring** (March 20, 1939 – May 29, 2014) was a Swiss developmental biologist. He was a professor at the Biozentrum Basel of the University of Basel, Switzerland. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Zurich in 1965. After two years as a research assistant of Professor Ernst Hadorn he joined Professor Alan Garen's group at Yale University in New Haven as a postdoctoral fellow.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

## References
Orange Caramel

**Orange Caramel** () are a sub-group of the South Korean girl group After School. The group was formed in 2010. The members of the group were Nana, Raina and Lizzy. As of December 2019, Orange Caramel only had one member still on the label. The group's website says Raina and Lizzy are still members of the group.

## Members
*Raina ()
*Nana ()
*Lizzy ()

## Discography
### Studio albums
**Lipstick* (2012)
**Orange Caramel* (2013)
### Extended plays
**The First Mini Album* (2010)
**The Second Mini Album* (2020)

## Videography
**In Korean**
*"Magic Girl" (2010)
*"A~ing♡" (2010)
*"Bangkok City" (2011)
*"Shanghai Romance" (2011)
*"Funny Hunny" (2011)
*"Funny Hunny" (studio version) (2011)
*"Lipstick" (2012)
*"Catallena" (2014)
*"Abing Abing" (2014)
*"My Copycat" (2014)
*"The Gangnam Avenue" (2014)

**In Japanese**
*"My Sweet Devil" (2012)
*"Lipstick" (2012)
*"Lamu no Love Song" (2012)
*"Cookies, Cream & Mint" (2013)

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
Cheongyang chili pepper

The **Cheongyang chili pepper** is one of the hottest chili pepper species (*Capsicum annum*). It is grown in Korea. It is a genetically improved strain of Thai and Jeju-do chili peppers. It was developed by Dr.Il-ung Yoo in 1983. Cheongyang chili peppers have 10,000~23,000 Scoville heat units in average.
 

The name Cheongyang comes from the name of the county, Cheongsong and Yeongyang.

## Plant property 
Red pepper grows well in high temperature. Proper temperature to grow is 25~28&nbsp;°C during the day and 18~22&nbsp;°C during the night. It's better not to drop the temperature under 13&nbsp;°C. When temperature stabilizes in 20~25&nbsp;°C it is the best time for plants to bear fruits. If the temperature drops under 15&nbsp;°C or rise over 30&nbsp;°C, fertility of the plant is seriously damaged resulting in windfall and malformed fruit.

Even though red pepper requires high temperature, it does not require that much of a sunlight. However, the deficit of sunlight in long-term can result in poor quality and number of the produce, so it is better to give adequate amount of sunlight. Light saturation point is 30,000 lx, which is lower than other typical vegetables.

## Cultivation 
Most Cheongyang chili peppers are cultivated outdoors and some of them are cultivated indoors.

### Outdoor cultivation 
Normally, farmers harvest peppers that are cultivated outdoors in late July. It ripens from the bottom and peppers placed closer to a root are more likely to ripen well and have more vivid red color. It can be harvested until we have the first frost and till then, we can harvest five times from one root in average. The quality of produce is affected by how many times have peppers being harvested. For example, if the root can bear fruits five times, then the first produce will have more thicker fruit skin and also the taste of it is better because the first one has strong sweet flavor and hot flavor at the same time in harmony. However, the color is little bit darker and less in red than the second or third one, so it is easy to be mistaken as worse produce than later produce.

### Indoor cultivation 
Technically through indoor cultivation, farmers can harvest through out the year. There is no quality difference between the first produce and the last one like the case mentioned in outdoor cultivation. The one raised in this environment has taller stem body and bears more fruits than the one raised outdoors. Especially, because it stays always indoors, it doesn't get wet, so can block all kinds of diseases caused by excessive humidity. Because of these advantages, more and more farmers cultivate Cheongyang chili peppers indoors.

## References
Mo' Money

'''''Mo' Money''''' is a 1992 American criminal comedy romance movie set in Chicago. Marlon Wayans plays Seymour. Stacey Dash plays Amber. The movie is about a con-man who tries cleaning his life after meeting a girl.

This movie was released in the United States on July 24, 1992. Reviews were generally negative. It premiered at #1 in the box office.

## Other websites 
*
Walter Romberg

**Walter Romberg** (27 December 1928 – 23 May 2014) was a German politician. He was the last finance minister of East Germany.

Romberg died from an illness in Munich, Germany, aged 85.

## References
Miodrag Radulovacki

**Miodrag (Misha) Radulovacki**, MD, PhD (Serbian Cyrillic: **Миодраг Радуловачки**; Serbian Latin: **Miodrag Radulovački**; 28 April 1933 &ndash; 26 May 2014), was a Serbian scientist and inventor. He is known for creating the Adenosine Sleep Theory. He taught as a Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Radulovacki died in Belgrade, Serbia, aged 81.

## References
Ki Sung-yueng

**Ki Sung-yueng** () is a Korean national soccer player, and Premier League player.

## Early life
His soccer career cannot be explained without his father. His father was always with Ki. He said he found Ki's talent in elementary school and wanted to continue soccer career. Therefore, his father started to train Ki and he can now use both feet. His father also wanted to develop more to study about soccer. Therefore, Ki moved to Australia at twelve years old to study English and started to playing soccer. Because of this experience in Australia, he could speak in English fluently and it is easy to communicate with other soccer players.

## Club career
He joined Premier League club Swansea City A.F.C in August 2012. In terms of attacking, he appeared 29 matches, shots 27 times but no goals. However, he succeeded in assisting 2 times and 17 times crosses. Among 29 matches which he played, Swansea City A.F.C won 7 games, drew 12 games and lost 10 games. In 13-14 season, he was loaned to Sunderland A.F.C and he did pretty well in Sunderland A.F.C. He appeared 27 games among 38 games and he got scored 3 times among 30 shots and succeeded in one assists and 21 crosses.  He did well in 29 games he played but the results of games were not good. Just 6 wins and 6 draw matches and 15 times lost among 29 matches.

### South Korea National Team career 
Ki also did well in Korean National Team. He joined Korean National football Team from 2007. Also, he joined 2012 London Olympics, and he and his teammates did well so they finally got bronze medal in Olympics and got benefit from Korean Government to pass military service.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list South Korea's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ki goal.''

## Honours
**Celtic**
*Scottish Premier League: 2011–12
*Scottish Cup: 2010–11
*Scottish League Cup runner-up: 2011–12

**Swansea City**
*Football League Cup: 2012–13

**Sunderland**
*Football League Cup runner-up: 2013–14

**FC Seoul**
*Korean FA Cup runner-up: 2022

**South Korea U20**
*AFC Youth Championship third place: 2006

**South Korea U23**
*Summer Olympics bronze medal: 2012

**South Korea**
*AFC Asian Cup runner-up: 2015

**Individual**
*K League 1 Best XI: 2008, 2009
*K League Players' Player of the Year: 2009
*AFC Youth Player of the Year: 2009
*Scottish Premier League Young Player of the Month: October 2010
*Korean FA Player of the Year: 2011, 2012, 2016
*Korean FA Fans' Player of the Year: 2011, 2012
*AFC Asian Cup Team of the Tournament: 2015
*Swansea City Player of the Season: 2014–15
*K League Player of the Month: March 2021

## References
Software release life cycle

A **software release life cycle** is the different stages of making a computer program, giving it out to other people, and making sure the computer program works right after it is released.

Stages can either be officially announced and regulated by developers, or sometimes the term is used to describe the state of the product.

## Stages of development (making the computer program) 
### Pre-alpha 
**Pre-alpha** is the first stage of making a computer program. People making the computer program think up what the computer program should have in it, and start to actually create the computer program itself.

### Beta 
A computer program goes into **beta** when programmers have made the software do everything it needs to do, but there may still be problems. The people who make the software then give it out to other people, so they can test whether the software works properly. They may still find problems that they did not find in alpha.

It is also known as *betaware*.

### RC 
**RC** (*release candidate*) is a candidate stage for becoming stable. The software of this stage has passed almost full testing and the main errors have been corrected. But at the same time, there are some bugs that could not be found during testing.

It is also called as "*going silver*".

### RTM 
**RTM** (*release to manufacturing*) is a publication of a product which is ready for replication. This is a stable version of the program that has gone through all stages of development. The main errors were fixed, but there is a possibility of new mistakes.

### GA 
**GA** (general availability) is a public version of the software and people can buy it. The time between RTM and GA can be from a week to a month. At this stage, the software "*went into operation*".

## Related pages
* Software release

## References
Time Flies

***Time Flies*** is the tenth and final studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on October 14, 2008. It was on his own label Stringtown Records. 

## References
Taula

A **taula** ('table' in Catalan) is a stone monument in the shape of a T. It is found on the Balearic Islands of Minorca. They were built by the Talaiotic culture sometime between 1000 BC and 300 BC. Their meaning is unknown but it was probably made for either religious and/or astronomical purposes.

## References
## Other websites 
* The Taulas of Menorca
Thor (movie)

***Thor*** is a 2011 American superhero movie, directed by Kenneth Branagh, and starring Chris Hemsworth, Natalie Portman and Tom Hiddleston. It is the first movie of the series based on the Marvel Comics character *Thor*. It was produced by Marvel Studios, and is the fifth movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).

The film was first shown in Sydney, on April 17 2011. It was first released in the United States on May 6, as part of Phase One of the MCU.

## Story
The movie starts with Odin, the king of the gods, fighting some frost giants, and taking an item called The Casket of Ancient Winters. Some years later, Thor is heir to the throne of Asgard (the world of the gods), but his crowning is stopped by some Frost Giants (that were let in by his brother Loki). Thor and his friends go to Jotunheim (the world of the Frost Giants) and attack Laufey, the Frost Giant leader, but are saved by Odin. Odin is angry at Thor and sends him to Earth as a normal person. Thor lands in New Mexico and meets and develops romance with astrophysicist Jane Foster. Meanwhile in Asgard, Loki finds out he is actually Laufey’s son, and plans to ascend to the throne and sends the Destroyer (a weapon) to kill Thor. Thor dies but shows that he is worthy, and his powers come back. Thor goes back to Asgard and fights Loki, who falls off the Bifrost and dies.

## Cast
* Chris Hemsworth as Thor
* Natalie Portman as Jane Foster
* Tom Hiddleston as Loki
* Stellan Skarsgård as Dr. Erik Selvig
* Colm Feore as Laufey
* Ray Stevenson as Volstagg
* Idris Elba as Heimdall
* Kat Dennings as Darcy Lewis
* Rene Russo as Frigga
* Anthony Hopkins as Odin
* Tadanobu Asano as Hogun
* Josh Dallas as Fandral
* Jamie Alexander as Sif

## Future
### Sequels
#### *Thor: The Dark World*
#### *Thor: Ragnarok*
#### *Thor: Love and Thunder*
## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Don Zimmer

**Donald William** "**Don**" **Zimmer** (January 17, 1931 &ndash; June 4, 2014) was an American baseball figure. He was an infielder, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball (MLB). He was involved in professional baseball from 1949 until his death, lasting 65 years. He was best known as an infielder for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He was later known for managing the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago Cubs.

Zimmer was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was married to Soot (Jean) from 1951 until Zimmer's death. The couple had two children, Thomas and Donna. In December 2008, he suffered a stroke which caused a loss of speech for a week.

Zimmer died from heart failure as a result of surgical problems on June 4, 2014 in Dunedin, Florida, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
Yoo Jae-suk

**Yoo Jae-suk** is a South Korean comedian and MC. He was born on August 14, 1972 in Seoul. He is known as "MC of the nation". He was also known as
"The Grasshopper" because he dressed as a grasshopper when he first started. His debut was on the KBS comedian Festival which held for college students in 1991.

## Career 
Although, A vote by the South Korean "netizens" proclaimed him the most popular MC in the Korea, he underwent unknown comedian for long times(9 years). But, in 2002, he became the MC of a program named “Dong-guh-dong-lak(동고동락)” thanks to a recommendation by a talent Choi Jin-Sil. This program instantly be popular and this accomplishments give Yoo Jae-suk more chances to host many variety programs. And after he hosted the program "The Crash of MCs"(공포의 쿵쿵따), he became top level of MC in the Korea. He hosted many variety shows for example, X-man, Infinite Challenge, Family Outing, Happy Together, Running Man, Come to Play etc... By this success, he got 34 awards. Also, he is kinds of singer. He sang 10 songs for example, As I Say, Apqujeong Nallari, Please Don't Go My Girl etc. He is loved and popular not only by his ability of hosting show but also his personality like respecting others.

## Personal life 
He married the Korean anchor Na Kyung-eun thanks to the program "Infinite Challenge". They have a son Yoo Ji-ho. After the marriage he is still very popular and voted "wanna be man" by many woman. Also, he was elected 2nd person of the most respecting person by elementary students.

## References 
#About Yoo Jae-suk in Naver profile

# Yoo Jae-suk " Long times as an unknown..."
# A vote by South Korean "netizens" proclaimed Yoo Jae-suk.... 

## Other websites 
* The process of unknown "Grasshopper" comedian becoming the best MC
* Yoo Jae-Suk marry Na Kyung-eun
Korea-Yonsei Match

**Korea-Yonsei Match** (**Yonsei-Korea Match**) is a sport event between two South Korean universities, Korea University and Yonsei University (both in Seoul, Korea) compete each year in the fall. The event consist of five sports: Baseball, basketball, soccer, rugby, and ice hockey. The event was started in 1956. The event started is a tennis competition between players of Bosung college (which became Korea University) and Yonhui college (now Yonsei University). It was held on May 30, 1925. After the match, the two schools got into another competition in 1927. This time the two school had a soccer match. Korea University and Yonsei University had other matches after the match. These matchs were held almost every year until it became official in 1956. Since the period was the period of Japanese colonial era in Korea, the competition of two schools grew as a national event of Korea.

## History and result 
Official Korea-Yonsei Match has taken place since 1965. They are held in remembrance of events during Japanese colonial era. There are five sports in the Korea-Yonsei match : baseball, basketball, ice hockey, rugby, and soccer. Below is the result of each year.

## The Biggest Festival between Yonsei and Korea University 
The event is a part of the biggest festival of both Korea and Yonsei university. The rivalry between the two university is like Harvard verses Yale University, Stanford University verses UC Berkeley, and in Korea, KAIST verses POSTECH. Very large festivals are thrown in each town every other year. Festival takes place in Anam in even number years and in Sinchon in odd number years.

### Human Train March 
One of the customs takes place during the festival is 'human train march'. People from each department of the school make a long line and put their hands on the shoulder of fthe person in front of them. They makea long train-like rows. The human trains marches through streets. They ask for food and bottles of alcohol from the owners of the stores, restaurants and bars. The alumni and university student council pre-pay for the side-dishes and bottles of alcohol these places.
Chefchaouen

**Chefchaouen** or **Chaouen** (Berber: ⵛⴰⵡⴻⵏ/ⵛⴼⵛⴰⵡⴻⵏ, Arabic: شفشاون/الشاون) is a small important historical and tourist city in the north of Maghreb. Chefchaouen is located in the Rif Mountains of northwestern Morocco. Many Moriscos and Jews settled in this city after the Spanish Reconquista in the Late Middle Ages. The city is famous for its blue houses and alleys.

## Gallery 

File:Old medina of morocco.jpg|
File:Chaouen2 055.jpg|
File:Chef Chaouen Maroc.JPG|
File:Chefchaouen, Morocco (5409550885) (4).jpg|
File:Chefchauen, tipically blue-rinsed houses.jpg|
File:La medina de chefchaouen.jpg|
Image:Iglesia Chefchaouen.jpg|
File:Door in Chefchaouen.jpg|Doors 

## Related pages 
*Morocco
*Essaouira
*Fes

## References 
## Other websites 
*Chaouen Info - Information about the city and province of Chefchaouen
Family history (medicine)

In medicine, **family history** means information on medical disorders the direct blood relatives of a patient may have had. Many healthcare professionals look at the information on family medical problems, such as autism, diabetes, mental illness, autoimmune diseases, cancer.

Many medical conditions are carried only by the female line, including X-linked conditions. Others are carried by the male line, including Y-linked conditions.

## References
Against Me!

**Against Me!** is a punk rock band. Laura Jane Grace started the band in Gainesville, Florida, in 1997. The band has released six albums. The band started their own record label in 2011. The band's first album, *Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose*, was released in March 2002 by No Idea Records. The band's most recent album *Transgender Dysphoria Blues* was released in 2014. The album is the first released by the band since Laura Jane Grace came out as a trans woman.

## Other websites
*Against Me! official website
Reiulf Steen

**Reiulf Hjalmar Steen** (16 August 1933 &ndash; 5 June 2014) was a Norwegian politician, diplomat and journalist. He was a member for the Labour Party. He served as Minister of Transportation from 1971 to 1972 and as Mister of Commerce from 1979 to 1981. He was also a MP for Oslo and Akershus from 1977 to 1993. He later became the ambassador to Chile from 1992 to 1996.

Steen was born in Hurum, Buskerud. He died in his sleep on 5 June 2014 in Oslo, at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
* Reiulf Steen at Storting
Virginia Luque

**Virginia Luque** (born **Violeta Mabel Domínguez** 4 October 1927 – 3 June 2014) was an Argentine tango singer and movie actress. She appeared in 20 tango movies between 1943 and 1976.

Luque was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

She began her career in 1943 in *La guerra la gano yo*. She appeared in many movies, her famous one was *Arriba el Telón o el Patio de la Morocha* (1951). She also starred in *La Balandra Isabel llegó esta tarde* (1949).

Luque died on June 3, 2014 from natural causes at the age of 86 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

## Some movies she was in
* *Arriba el Telón o el Patio de la Morocha* (1951)
* *The Yacht Isabel Arrived This Afternoon* (1949)

## References
## Other websites
*
Enrique Pinti

**Enrique Pinti** (October 7, 1939 &ndash; March 27, 2022) was an Argentine comedian and actor. His career began in 1957.

Pinti was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

He was known for his roles in *Juan que reía* (1976), *Esperando la carroza* (1985), *Flop* (1990), *Perdido por perdido* (1993), *Tango* (1998), and in *Arregui, la noticia del día* (2001).

Pinti was openly gay.

## References
## Other websites
*
Antônio Pitanga

**Antônio Luiz Sampaio** (born June 13, 1939), better known by his stage name **Antônio Pitanga**, is a Brazilian actor. He is known for playing several roles on movies of the Cinema Novo movement in the 1960s. 

Pitanga appeared in 100 foreign movies and 20 telenovelas. His career began in 1960. He is known for his role in ''O Clone.

He was married to actress Vera Manhães, with whom he had two sons: actress Camila Pitanga and actor Rocco Pitanga. After their divorced, he married to politician Benedita da Silva.

## References
## Other websites
*
George Ho

**George Ho Ho-chi**, GBS, OBE, JP (3 November 1919 – 4 June 2014) was a Hong Kong media mogul. He was the son of Hong Kong businessman Robert Hotung. He still kept the title of honorary chairman when he died on 4 June 2014.

He received the Gold Bauhinia Star award in 2001.

## References
Gender selection

**Gender selection** (or **sex selection**) is the attempt to control the gender of human offspring. It can be done either before or after the fertilisation of the egg. It has been called **family balancing**. In certain countries, particularly China, Nepal and India, sons are often preferred to daughters. In the United States, slightly more Americans preferred boys to girls. 

The methods used for gender selection are of two main types. One occurs before fertilisation by making sure there are more sperms with a Y chromosome (which produce a male). The other acts after fertilisation by selecting only male embryos to develop.

## Methods 
The Ericsson method uses the extra weight of sperms carrying the X chromosome. They swim slower than the lighter sperms with the Y chromosome. This test tube method increases the chance of having a boy from just over 50% to just over 70%. The method is called 'sperm sorting'.

The *in-vitro* fertilisation uses ovarian stimulation to cause the mother to produce a number of eggs. The eggs are fertilised in the laboratory by the father's sperm. Then the sex of embryos is discovered by taking a single cell from the ball of cells which has divided after fertilisation. One or more male embryos are then implanted in the mother's womb so they will develop.

Probably the most common method uses selective abortion. The sex of an embryo can be found by amniocentesis: cells are taken from the fluid surrounding the embryo. This is regularly done to identify genetic defects in the embryo. The procedure gives the information about sex early enough for abortion to be a safe practice.

## Legality 
Sex selection has only recently become available. Sex selections are legal in most of the world. It is practiced mostly in Western countries, though more limited for Eastern countries, such as China and India. There is fertility tourism from the United Kingdom or Canada. That’s because preimplantation genetic diagnosis (a potential expansion of in-vitro fertilization that can be used for gender selection) is not allowed in Canada or the United Kingdom.

## References 
## Other websites
*http://healthland.time.com/2012/01/19/boy-or-girl-why-dads-want-sons-but-moms-want-daughters/
*http://www.cbsnews.com/news/choose-the-sex-of-your-baby-13-04-2004/
Wario World

***Wario World*** is a platform/beat 'em up video game published by Nintendo and developed by Treasure. It is Wario's first starring appearance on a home game console. It is a part of the *Wario* game series. It was only released for the Nintendo GameCube.

It was released on June 20, 2003 in Europe, June 23, 2003 in North America, July 10, 2003 in Australasia, and on May 27, 2004 in Japan. 

GameSpot gave the game a 6.4 out of 10 and said "The game certainly contains a lot of the same Wario charm that makes his GBA appearances so memorable, but the final product is too short and simplistic to hold your attention for more than a day." 	

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Embryo transfer

**Embryo transfer** is a medical procedure.  It is a step in the process of assisted reproduction (also called fertility treatment), which uses science and medical treatments to help women who have difficulty getting pregnant.  

In embryo transfer, embryos are placed in a woman's uterus.  The goal is to create a pregnancy.  The embryos can be either fresh or frozen.  If they are frozen, they are thawed right before they are transferred.  Embryo transfer is the last step in a type of fertility treatment called in vitro fertilization.

Embryo transfer can be used for humans or animals.

## References
Nelson Villagra

**Nelson Villagra** (born 9 August 1937) is a Chilean actor, author and director. He is thought to be the most successful actors in Chilean cinema. His career began in 1967. Villagra is known for his roles in *Cantata de Chile*, *The Last Supper*, *Amnesia*, *Jackal of Nahueltoro*, and *Tierra del fuego*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Silent Hill: Downpour

***Silent Hill: Downpour*** is a survival horror video game published by Konami Digital Entertainment and developed by Vatra Games. It is the eighth game in the *Silent Hill* series. It was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.

It was released on March 13, 2012 in North America, March 29, 2012 in Europe, April 5, 2012 in Australia, and on November 8, 2012 in Japan for the PlayStation 3.

GameSpot gave the game a 7.5 out of 10 and said "Downpour makes some questionable tweaks to the established formula, but those decisions distinguish it from the rest of the series." 	

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Albert Paulsen

**Albert Paulsen** (**Albert Paulson**; December 13, 1925 &ndash; April 25, 2004) was an Ecuadorian-American actor. His career began during the 1960s. He appeared in many television comedy shows. He worked with Bob Hope, Johnny Carson, and George Burns. He won a Emmy Award in 1964.

Paulsen died from natural causes, aged 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Marc Maron

**Marc David Maron** (born September 27, 1963) is an American actor, comedian, and podcast host. He has been host of *The Marc Maron Show* and co-host of both *Morning Sedition* and *Breakroom Live*. From 2013 to 2016, he starred in his own show *Maron*. He also starred in a minor role in *Joker* (2019).

Maron was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. He is Jewish. He grew up in New Jersey, Alaska and Albuquerque.

He dated director Lynn Shelton until her death in May 2020.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ary Fontoura

**Ary Fontoura** (born January 27, 1933, in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil) is a Brazilian actor, writer, director, poet and TV-presenter.
 He is known for his role in *Meu Bem Querer*.

## References
## Other websites
Reginaldo Faria

**Reginaldo Figueira de Faria** (born 11 June 1937) is a Brazilian actor and movie director. He has appeared in more than 60 movies and television shows since 1952. He is known for his roles in *Força de um Desejo* and in *O Clone*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jonas Bloch

**Jonas Bloch** (born February 8, 1939) is a Brazilian actor. He is known for his television roles as villains. Bloch is of a Ukrainian-Jewish descent. He is the father of actress Débora Bloch. He is known for his roles in *Avaete, Seed of Revenge* (1985), *Tropicaliente* (1994), *Mango Yellow* (2002), and in *A Lei e o Crime* (2009).

## References
## Other websites
*
Sergio Renán

**Sergio Renán** (30 January 1933 &ndash; 13 June 2015) was an Argentine actor, movie director and screenwriter. He is known for his movies *Manon* (1984), *Rigoletto* (1985), *Othello* (1987), *Madame Butterfly* (1989), *Cosi Fan Tutte* (1990), and *The Marriage of Figaro* (1992). He was born in Buenos Aires to a Jewish family.

Renán died from pneumonia at a hospital in Buenos Aires, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ruy de Carvalho

**Ruy de Carvalho** (born 1 March 1927) is a Portuguese actor. He appeared in more than ninety movies since 1952. He is known for his roles in *April Captains*, *A Caixa*, ''Abraham's Valley*, and in *No, or the Vain Glory of Command''.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Gustavo Rojo

**Gustavo Rojo** (5 September 1923 &ndash; 22 April 2017) was a Uruguayan movie actor and producer. He has appeared in more than 100 movies since 1944. He is known for his roles in *Tarzan and the Mermaids* (1948), *The Evil Forest* (1951), *Action of the Tiger* (1957), and in *The Valley of Gwangi* (1969).

Rojo died on 22 April 2017 in Mexico City at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Chester Nez

**Chester Nez** (January 23, 1921 – June 4, 2014) was an American veteran of World War II. He was the last original Navajo code talker who served in the United States Marine Corps during the war.

Nez died on June 4, 2014 from kidney failure in Albuquerque, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Navajo Code Talkers: The Uncrackable Language , featuring Chester Nez
Richard Percival Lister

**Richard Percival Lister**  (23 November 1914 &ndash; 1 May 2014), also known simply as **R. P. Lister**, was an English historian, writer, poet, artist and metallurgist. His works included *The Idle Demon*, *The Rhyme and the Reason*, *Genghis Khan* and *The Travels of Herodotus*. From 1947 until 1949, he worked in liaison for the British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association.

Lister was born in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. He was married twice.

Lister died from natural causes on 1 May 2014 in London, at the age of 99.

## References