open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cinchonism

**Cinchonism** or **quinism** is poisoning from an overdose of cinchona alkaloids. Cinchona bark is the source of quinine and quindine. Quinine is used to treat malaria. In small amounts it is used in tonic water to give a bitter flavor. It can be caused by medical doses of quinine or quindine, which causes cinchonism and its side effects.

## Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of mild cinchonism can include:
* flushed and sweaty skin
* ringing of the ears (tinnitus)
* blurred vision
* hearing loss
* confusion
* reversible high-frequency hearing loss
* headache
* abdominal pain
* 
* drug-induced lichenoid reaction (lichenoid photosensitivity) 
* vertigo
* dizziness
* dysphoria
* nausea
* vomiting
* diarrhea.

Large doses of quinine can cause: 
* skin rashes
* deafness
* sleepiness
* blindness
* anaphylactic shock
* disturbances in abnormal heart rhythm
* death from cardiotoxicity. 

People treated with quinine may also suffer from low blood sugar and hypotension (low blood pressure).

Most symptoms of cinchonism (except in severe cases) are reversible and disappear once quinine is withdrawn.

## References
Oldham County, Texas

**Oldham County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 1,758 people lived there. The county seat is Vega.

## References
Wikipedia Seigenthaler biography incident

The **Wikipedia biography controversy**, also known as the **Seigenthaler incident**, was a set of events that began in May 2005. Anonymous Wikipedia editors posted a hoax article in Wikipedia about John Seigenthaler. 

The article falsely stated that Seigenthaler had been a suspect in the deaths of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy.

## Hoax
The then-78-year-old Seigenthaler, who was a friend of Robert Kennedy, described the Wikipedia article about him as "Internet character assassination".

The author of the hoax article was later identified as Brian Chase. On May 26, 2005, Chase added a new article that contained, in its entirety, the following text:

John Seigenthaler Sr. was the assistant to Attorney General Robert Kennedy in the early 1960s. For a short time, he was thought to have been directly involved in the Kennedy assassinations of both John, and his brother, Bobby. Nothing was ever proven.

John Seigenthaler moved to the Soviet Union in 1972, and returned to the United States in 1984.

He started one of the country's largest public relations firms shortly thereafter.

The hoax was not discovered and corrected until September 2005. Afterwards, Seigenthaler wrote about his experience in *USA Today*. The incident raised questions about the reliability of Wikipedia and other websites with user-generated content that lack the legal accountability of traditional newspapers and published materials.

## Aftermath
In a December 13 interview, co-founder Jimmy Wales expressed his support for Wikipedia policy allowing articles to be edited by anonymous users – describing the participation of editors in China and Iran in terms of privacy issues – but announced plans to roll back their article creation privileges as part of a vandalism-control strategy: "...we've decided that we want to slow down...so starting in January we're preventing unregistered users from creating new pages, because so often those have to be deleted...".

## References
## Other websites
* Is an Online Encyclopedia, Such as Wikipedia, Immune From Libel Suits? by Prof. Anita Ramasastry on Writ
* John Seigenthaler, "Wikipedia, WikiLeaks, and Wiccans" 49-minute presentation at Vanderbilt University, October 21, 2011, C-Span Video Library
* "Snared in the Web of a Wikipedia Liar" by Katharine Q. Seelye of *The New York Times*
Flag of Indiana

The **flag of Indiana** was designed by Paul Hadley and officially adopted by the state of Indiana on May 31, 1917. It was the state's first official flag and has remained unchanged since then except for the creation of a statute to standardize the production of the flag.
Flag of Arkansas

The **Flag of Arkansas**, also known as the **Arkansas flag**, consists of a red field charged with a large blue-bordered white lozenge (or diamond). Twenty-nine five-pointed stars appear on the flag: twenty-five small white stars within the blue border, and four larger blue stars in the white diamond. The inscription "ARKANSAS" appears in blue within the white lozenge, with one star above and three stars below. The star above and the two outer stars below point upwards; the inner star below points downwards. It was designed by Willie Hocker of Wabbaseka, a member of the Pine Bluff Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR).
Flag of Michigan

The **flag of the state of Michigan** depicts the state's coat of arms on a dark blue field, as set forth by Michigan state law. (The Governor has a variant of the flag with a white instead of blue field.)

## References
Flag of Maryland

The official **flag of the state of Maryland** consists of the heraldic banner of George Calvert, Lord Baltimore (1579–1632). The flag was officially adopted by the Maryland General Assembly in 1904.

## References
Flag of Delaware

The **flag of the state of Delaware** is of a buff-colored diamond on a field of colonial blue. The coat of arms of the state of Delaware are inside the diamond. Below the diamond is the date December 7, 1787. This is the day when Delaware became the first state to ratify the United States Constitution. The colors of the flag are the colors of the uniform of General George Washington.

The coat of arms in the center of the flag was adopted on January 17, 1777. It shows a shield with green, blue, and white stripes on it. On the stripes are a sheaf of wheat, an ear of corn, and an ox standing on grass. All of these things are shown for Delaware's farming. Above the shield is a sailing ship. Supporting the shield are a farmer on the left and a soldier on the right. The state motto, below the shield, reads "Liberty and Independence". These symbols are also included on the seal of Delaware.

The current flag was adopted on July 24, 1913. 

During the American Civil War, regiments from Delaware flew a flag which was similar to the state coat of arms on a field of blue.

In 2001, a survey conducted by the North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) placed Delaware's flag 52nd in design quality out of the 72 Canadian provincial, U.S. state and U.S. territorial flags ranked.

## References
Flag of South Carolina

The **flag of the U.S. state of South Carolina** has existed in some form since 1775, being based on one of the first Revolutionary War flags. South Carolina's flag was ranked as the 8th 
best designed state or provincial flag in North America by a non-scientific poll on the website of the North American Vexillological Association in 2001.

## References
Kepler-438b

**Kepler-438b** is an extrasolar planet that circles Kepler-438 a red dwarf star 470 light years away in the constellation Lyra. It is one of the most Earth-like planets with an Earth Simularity Index score of 0.88. The planet was discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft using the transit method, as the planet circles it star, it will cross in front of the star causing the star to be less bright as seen from Earth, which can be measured.

## References
Kawasaki Heavy Industries & CSR Qingdao Sifang C151A

**Kawasaki Heavy Industries & CSR Qingdao Sifang C151A** is the fourth generation of rolling stock used on the Singapore MRT system. The trains operate on the East West Line and North South Line.

The trains began operation on 27 May 2011. They were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and CSR Sifang. 35 six-carriage trains, totalling 210 carriages, were built in China.

## Related pages
*Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151
*Siemens C651
*Kawasaki Heavy Industries & Nippon Sharyo C751B
*Kawasaki Heavy Industries & CSR Qingdao Sifang C151B
*Kawasaki Heavy Industries & CRRC Sifang C151C
Alstom Metropolis C751A

**Alstom Metropolis C751A** is the first generation of communications-based train control (CBTC) rolling stock used on the Singapore MRT system. The trains operate on the North East Line.

The trains began operation on 20 June 2003. 21 six-carriage trains were built in France, by Alstom.  The C751As are the first rolling stock in Singapore to be operated without a driver.

## Related pages
*Alstom Metropolis & Shanghai Electric C751C
Moshe Kahlon

**Moshe Kahlon**, Hebrew: משה כחלון , (born 19 November 1960 in Hadera) is an Israeli politician of Kulanu ("All of Us").

Kahlon is of Libyan-Jewish descent. After being eight years in the army, he worked as a businessman. Later on, he studied politicology at Haifa University, law at Netanya Academic College and management at Harvard University.

As a member of Likud Kahlon was a Member of Knesset from 2003 to 2013. During this time he was also several times a minister (communications, welfare, and social services).

He returned into the Knesset in 2015 with Kulanu, which he founded in 2014. In the Fourth Netanyahu Government he has been finance minister since 2015. He again withdrew from Knesset in 2016. From 2019 to 2020 he again was an MK.

With Kulanu he wants to fight socioeconomic problems.

## References 
* Bio at Knesset Website
Borkum

**Borkum** is an island and municipality of the state of Lower Saxony, Germany. In 2016, the municipality had about 5,500 people. It covers an area of .

Borkum makes part of the East Frisian Islands (). It is the most western island.

Borkum is west of the island of Juist (and the uninhabited islands of Brauerplate, Kachelotplate and Memmert). It is east of the small Dutch island of Rottumeroog.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Henry Hillman

**Henry Lea Hillman** (December 25, 1918 – April 14, 2017) was an American billionaire businessman, investor, civic leader, and philanthropist. He was chairman of The Hillman Company, a family office and investment company headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and owned by the Hillman family. He chaired the board of trustees of Hillman Family Foundations. which manages 18 named foundations.

Hillman died on April 14, 2017 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, aged 98.

## References
## Other websites
* Henry L. Hillman Foundation 
* Hillman Family Foundations
* Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History
* Elsie Hillman Chair in Women & Politics at Chatham University
* Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation  at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
Robert Taylor (computer scientist)

**Robert William Taylor** (February 10, 1932 – April 13, 2017), known as **Bob Taylor**, was an American Internet pioneer. He led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer, and other related technologies.

## Career
Taylor was director of ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969, founder and later manager of Xerox PARC's Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983, and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporation's Systems Research Center until 1996.

## Death
On 13 April 2017, he died at his home in Woodside, California from complications of Parkinson's disease, aged 85.

## Other readings
* 
* 
*  Reprints of early papers with preface by Taylor

## References
## Other websites
* The New Old Boys From the ARPAnet Extract from 'Tools for Thought' by Howard Rheingold
* 1984 ACM Software Systems Award citation 
* 1994 ACM Fellow citation
* 2004 Draper Prize citation 
*
Fattail scorpion

**Fattail scorpion** (or **fat-tailed scorpion**) is the main name given to scorpions from the genus ***Androctonus***. *Androctonus* is one of the most dangerous groups of scorpion species in the world. They live in the semi-arid and arid regions of Africa and the Middle East. They are a moderate-sized scorpion. They have lengths of near 4 inches.

Stings from the *Androctonus* species are known to cause several human deaths each year.

## Geographic range
The fat-tailed scorpion is seen widely in Armenia, Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Israel. Many countries nearby also see the fat-tailed scorpion.
Richard V. Spencer

**Richard Vaughn Spencer** (born January 18, 1954) is an American politician and businessman. He was the 76th United States Secretary of the Navy from August 3, 2017 through November 24, 2019. He became the Acting United States Secretary of Defense on July 15, 2019.

He was a former Naval Aviator of U.S. Marine Corps serving from 1976-1981 and Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer of Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. serving from November 2001 to January
2008.

President Donald Trump nominated Spencer for Secretary of the Navy in April 2017. He was confirmed by the United States Senate with a voice vote on August 1, 2017.

On November 24, 2019, he was fired by Secretary of Defense Mark Esper over his handling of the Eddie Gallagher case.

## References
## Other websites
*Bloomberg Background
Cooke County, Texas

**Cooke County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, the population was estimated at 41,668. The county seat is Gainesville.

## Geography 
The county has a total area of 898 square miles.

## Places 
### Cities 
* Callisburg
* Gainesville (county seat)
* Lindsay
* Muenster
* Valley View

### Town 
* Oak Ridge
* Road Runner

## References
Bruce Bowen

**Bruce Eric Bowen Jr.** (born June 14, 1971) is an American former professional basketball player.

Bowen played small forward. He studied at Cal State Fullerton. He went on to play for the National Basketball Association's Miami Heat, Boston Celtics, Philadelphia 76ers, San Antonio Spurs and the Continental Basketball Association's Rockford Lightning. He also played abroad in France.

He was a member of the Spurs teams that won the NBA championships in 2003, 2005 and 2007. Bowen became an informal ambassador for child obesity awareness. He now works as an analyst for ESPN.

## Notes
## References
Fannin County, Texas

**Fannin County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 35,662 people lived there. The county seat is Bonham.

## References
Coat of arms of New York

The **coat of arms of the state of New York** was formally adopted in 1778, and appears as a component of the state's flag and seal.

The shield displays a masted ship and a sloop on the Hudson River (symbols of inland and foreign commerce), bordered by a grassy shore and a mountain range in the background with the sun rising behind it. The sun has a face on it. The unheraldic nature of the Hudson River landscape reveals the modern origin of the design.
Devetero vrela

**Devetero vrela** (English *Nine Sources*)  is a short right tributary of Ilomska river, below Petrovo Polje. Although long only a few hundred meters, can be very rich in watercourses, especially in springs. 

This waterflow is named after nine sources at the same place, although it is difficult to confirm visually.

## Related pages
*Ilomska

## References
Flag of Georgia

**Flag of Georgia** may refer to:

*Flag of Georgia (country)
** Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
*Flag of Georgia (U.S. state)
Geoff Grover

**Geoffrey David "Geoff" Grover** (19 September 1943 – 12 April 2017), was a former Australian rules footballer.

Grover played for two seasons with the Caulfield Grammarians Football Club in the Victorian Amateur Football Association, and was a business and marketing expert, who finished his career working in real estate on the Queensland Sunshine Coast.

He played 119 senior games for the Port Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), including the 1967 Grand Final against Dandenong Football Club.

Grover was born in Glen Huntly, Victoria. He studied at Albury Grammar School, Caulfield Grammar School, Monash University, and the University of Melbourne.

In the 1980s he was National President of the Furniture Manufacturers Association.

## References
## Other websites
* Caulfield Grammarians Complete Player List: Season Debut & Player Number, *Caulfield Grammarians Football Club*, 2015.
* Devaney, J., *Full Points Footy: Encyclopedia of Australian Football Clubs Volume One*, Full Points Publications, (Lincoln), 2008.
* Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). *The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers*. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
* Australian National Football Council (ANFC), “Player Details”, *Australian National Football Championships: Programme, Saturday, 11th June 1966*, (Hobart), 1966.
* Webber, H., *Years May Pass On... Caulfield Grammar School, 1881–1981*, Centenary Committee, Caulfield Grammar School, (East St Kilda), 1981.
Gianni Boncompagni

**Giandomenico Boncompagni** (13 May 1932 – 16 April 2017), best known as **Gianni Boncompagni**, was an Italian television and radio presenter, television director, screenwriter and lyricist.

Boncompagni made his television debut in 1977, as the presenter of the musical variety *Discoring*. Between 1987 and 1990 he wrote and directed the Sunday afternoon show *Domenica in*. In 1991, he moved to Fininvest, where he created the show *Non è la Rai*.

Boncompagni died in Rome, Italy on 16 April 2017 from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
David Brumbaugh

**David Brumbaugh** (December 2, 1960 – April 15, 2017) was an American businessman and Republican politician from Oklahoma.

Brumbaugh was a Representative in the Oklahoma House of Representatives for District 76, located in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma from 2011 until his death in 2017. He was Chairman for the Oklahoma Republican House Caucus which serves as the majority party in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

Brumbaugh died on April 15, 2017 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, aged 56.

## References
## Other websites
*Oklahoma House of Representatives Members 
*Representative David Brumbaugh, District 76 
*Oklahoma State Election Board Summary Results, Primary Election — July 27, 2010
*Oklahoma State Election Board Summary Results, General Election — Nov 6, 2012 
*David Brumbaugh for House 
*David Brumbaugh 
*Income Tax Targeted by State Lawmakers
Yair Lapid

**Yair Lapid** (Hebrew: יאיר לפיד, born 5 November 1963 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli politician of Yesh Atid ("There is a Future"). He was the Prime Minister of Israel from July 2022 to December 2022. He has been the Leader of the Opposition since 2023, serving in this position before from 2020 to 2021.

Lapid is the founder and party chair of Yesh Atid. He has been a Member of the Israeli parliament, the Knesset since 2013, and was Finance Minister in the Third Netanyahu Government from 2013 to 2014. From 17 May 2020 to 13 June 2021, he was the Leader of the Opposition.

In June 2021, he became the Alternate Prime Minister of Israel and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Bennett-Lapid Government.

On 20 June 2022, then-Prime Minister Naftali Bennett announced that he would call for a vote to dissolve the Knesset and that he would step down as prime minister shortly after the vote. Bennett resigned on 30 June 2022 and Lapid became prime minister on 1 July 2022.

During the 2022 Israeli legislative election on 1 November 2022, his Yesh Atid party gained 7 seats, but his coalition partners lost seats, and his government lost the majority in the Knesset. He was succeeded as Prime Minister of Israel by Benjamin Netanyahu on 29 December 2022, and became Leader of the Opposition again.

Previously Lapid worked as an actor, journalist, news anchor and television presenter. He has also written several books, including novels, children's books, a thriller and an autobiography. He was also a songwriter for numerous Israeli musicians. Some of the songs he wrote became hits which reached the top of the music charts in Israel.

Yair Lapid is the son of the late politician and journalist Tommy Lapid and playwright and novelist Shulamit Lapid.

## Related pages 
* Bennett-Lapid Government

## References 
## Other websites 
* Bio at Knesset Website
*
Allan Holdsworth

**Allan Holdsworth** (6 August 1946 – 15 April 2017) was a British guitarist and composer. He was best known for his work in jazz fusion.

## Career
Holdsworth was known for his knowledge of music, through which he created works in chord progressions and solos. His unique legato soloing technique came from his desire to originally play the saxophone. He also become associated with playing an early form of guitar synthesizer called the SynthAxe, a company which he worked for in the 1980s.

## Influence
Holdsworth has been called as an influence by such renowned rock, metal and jazz guitarists as Eddie Van Halen, Joe Satriani, Shawn Lane, and Alex Lifeson.

Frank Zappa once called him as "one of the most interesting guys on guitar on the planet", while Robben Ford has said: "I think Allan Holdsworth is the John Coltrane of the guitar. I don't think anyone can do as much with the guitar as Allan Holdsworth can."

## Death
Holdsworth died on 15 April 2017 in Vista, California of a heart attack at the age of 70.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Morgan Woodward

*, 1959]]
**Thomas Morgan Woodward** (September 16, 1925 &ndash; February 22, 2019) was an American actor. Woodward was best known for his returning role on the soap opera *Dallas* as Marvin "Punk" Anderson. He also played the silent Boss Godfrey (the Walking Boss) in *Cool Hand Luke* (1967), and had the most guest appearances on *Gunsmoke*. His career began in 1956.

Woodward guest starred in two different episodes of the original series of *Star Trek'' as two different characters.

Woodward was born in Fort Worth, Texas. He studied at the University of Texas at Austin and at the University of Texas at Arlington. He retired from acting in 1998. Woodward died at his home in Hollywood Hills, California from prostate cancer on February 22, 2019 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Official website
Pete's Dragon

'''''Pete's Dragon'''* is the title of two Disney family movies:

* *Pete's Dragon'' (movie)
** "Pete's Dragon" (short story), a unpublished short story by Seton I. Miller that the 1977 movie was based on
* ''Pete's Dragon'' (2016 movie)
Charles Tyner

**Charles Tyner** (born June 8, 1923-November 8, 2017) is an American actor.

In 1957, Tyner made his debut on Broadway, in the play *Orpheus Descending*. His first movie role was in *That Kind of Woman* (1959). He worked with Newman again in 1967, as Boss Higgins in *Cool Hand Luke*.

He appeared in such movies as *The Reivers*, *Lawman*, *Harold and Maude*, *The Cowboys* and *Emperor of the North Pole*. He was in the 1974 prison comedy *The Longest Yard*. He played Howard Rodman in the television series *Father Murphy*. He was also in ''Pete's Dragon''.

Tyner retired in 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chabelo

**Xavier López Rodríguez** (February 17, 1935 – March 25, 2023), his better known as "**Chabelo**", was a Mexican actor and television host.

He worked on television for over sixty years. "Chabelo" has been in more than thirty motion pictures and recorded more than thirty musical albums. He also has produced many shows like *La Cuchufleta* and *La Güereja Quiere Más*. 

His most famous TV show was *En Familia con Chabelo*, which was broadcast every Sunday morning on Televisa. This show was made up of contests with people from the audience, gifts and games and was mainly for children. The program ended on December 20, 2015 after 47 years.

Chabelo died on 25 March 2023 in Mexico City from septic shock at the age of 88.

## References
Seven Commandments of the Children of Noah

The **Seven Commandments of the Children of Noah** are laws that must be followed by non-Jewish peoples, according to the Talmud. Some of them can be found in the Book of Jubilees. The seven laws are very similar to the Ten Commandments prescribed to Jews, as they do not allow idolatry, adultery, stealing, murder, and animal cruelty. Idolatry can also be called adultery of the soul. These were created to match the 10 commandments written by God, so the Gentiles could "keep in line".
*1. "No idolatry" - There is only one god to worship. 
*2. "No adultery" - No "cheating" once you're married. 
*3. "Don't eat meat taken from a still-living animal," as it constitutes cruelty. 
*4. "Do not steal things from others," it's their property. 
*5. "Keep God's good name," respect and praise him.
*6. "Do not murder or inflict harm on others" 
*7. "Set up a law system" (to keep the peace) that agrees with God's ``basic laws``.

## References
*
Geoffrey Blainey

**Geoffrey Norman Blainey** (born 11 March 1930) is an Australian historian, academic, philanthropist and commentator. Blainey is known for having written  texts on the economic and social history of Australia, including *The Tyranny of Distance* (1966). He has published over 35 books, including histories of the world and of Christianity. Other well known works include *The Peaks of Lyell* (1954) and *A Short History of the World* (2000).

Blainey was made a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria in 1967. In 1975 he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for his works to Australian literature. He was awarded a Companion of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours list of 2000 for his service to academia, research and scholarship.

## Biography
Blainey was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He studied at the University of Melbourne. 

Blainey has  often appeared in newspapers and on television. He held chairs in economic history and history at the University of Melbourne for over 20 years.

Blainey is married to author Ann Blainey. They both live in Melbourne.

## More readings
* Bolton, Geoffrey. "Geoffrey Blainey" in Kelly Boyd, ed. *Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol 1* (1999) pp 93–95

## References
## Other websites
*Works by Geoffrey Blainey 
*Works about Geoffrey Blainey 
*ABC Interview with audio
Jean Rochefort

**Jean Rochefort** (29 April 1930 &ndash; 9 October 2017) was a French actor, director and screenwriter. He had a career that has spanned over fifty years. 

Born in Paris, he was 19 years old when he entered the ''Centre d'Art Dramatique de la rue Blanche*. Later he joined the *Conservatoire National*.

During his early career, he was in *Cartouche*, *Captain Fracasse* and in *Merveilleuse Angélique*. In 1972, he starred opposite Pierre Richard as Chief of Counter-Espionage Louis Toulouse in the Yves Robert comedy *Le Grand Blond avec Une Chaussure Noire*, a role he reprised in the 1974 sequel *Le Retour du Grand Blond*.

Rochefort won two César Awards: in 1976, Best Supporting Actor for *Que la fête commence*; and in 1978, Best Actor for *Le Crabe-tambour''.

Rochefort died on 9 October 2017 from cancer at a Paris hospital at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
David DiChiera

**David DiChiera** ( ; April 8, 1935 &ndash; September 18, 2018) was an American composer and writer. He was the founding general director of Michigan Opera Theatre. He was born in McKeesport, Pennsylvania. He was known for his work *Four Sonnets* (1965), which was composed for soprano and piano. It premiered in 1978 at the Kennedy Center.

From 1981 to 1993, DiChiera was appointed artistic director of the Dayton Opera Association. In 1986 he was appointed founding General Director of the newly formed Opera Pacific. DiChiera has served as a trustee for the National Institute of Music Theatre and as a board member of the American Arts Alliance. He has been a panel member for the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and chairman for the Opera/Musical Theater Panel.

In February 2016, DiChiera announced his retirement, effective in July 2017. In April 2017, DiChiera was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. DiChiera died on September 18, 2018 in Detroit, Michigan from the disease at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
* David DiChiera, Founder & Artistic Director , Michigan Opera-
The Cure (song)

"**The Cure**" is a song by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga.  She performed it at the 2017 Coachella Music Festival in California on April 15, 2017, replacing Beyoncé.  The song was released after her show.  The day of its release, it reached number one on iTunes in 62 countries.

"The Cure" entered at #23 on the UK Singles Chart, #17 in Australia, #39 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, and #3 on the US Digital Songs chart.  It later reached #19 in the UK, #33 in Canada, and the top ten in Australia.

On February 6, 2018, the RIAA certified the song platinum in the US for sales and streams of over one million copies.

## Live performances 
Gaga has performed "The Cure" on the Joanne World Tour.  On November 19, 2017, she performed it via satellite on the American Music Awards of that year while she was at the Washington, D.C. stop of the tour.

## Charts 
### Weekly charts 
### Year-end charts 
## References
Billy Williams

**Billy Leo Williams** (born June 15, 1938) is a retired American baseball left fielder. He played sixteen seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs and two seasons for the Oakland Athletics. Williams was added into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987. In 1999, he was named a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

## References
## Other websites
*BaseballLibrary.com
*Baseball Almanac
*"Its all about R-e-s-p-e-c-t for 'Sweet Swingin' Billy Williams 
*The Williams-Santo Cubs 1961-1965 @ The Hardball Times
Lou Brock

**Louis Clark** "**Lou**" **Brock** (June 18, 1939 &ndash; September 6, 2020) was an American former professional baseball player. He began his 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing in 1961 for the Chicago Cubs, and spent the majority of his career playing as a left fielder for the St. Louis Cardinals. 

Brock was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985  and the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame in 2014. He is currently a special instructor coach for the St. Louis Cardinals.

In April 2017, Brock was diagnosed with multiple myeloma, a blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow's plasma cells. In July 2017, Brock said that he was "absolutely cancer-free".

Brock died in St. Louis, Missouri on September 6, 2020 at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
Anthony Zerbe

**Anthony Jared Zerbe** (born May 20, 1936) is an American actor.

Zerbe was born in Long Beach, California. He studied at Pomona College. He married Arnette Jens in 1962. They have two children.

His career began in 1963. Zerbe's movie roles include the post-apocalyptic cult leader Matthias in *The Omega Man*, a 1971 movie adaptation of Richard Matheson's 1954 novel, *I Am Legend*; as a corrupt gambler in *Farewell, My Lovely*; as Abner Devereaux in *Kiss Meets the Phantom of the Park*; as villain Milton Krest in the James Bond movie *Licence to Kill*; Rosie in *The Turning Point*, Admiral Dougherty in * Star Trek: Insurrection* and Councillor Hamann in *The Matrix Reloaded* and *The Matrix Revolutions*. 

In 1976, Zerbe won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his role as Lieutenant K.C. Trench in the private detective series *Harry O*.

His latest appearance is in the 2013 American black comedy-crime movie *American Hustle*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Lou Antonio

**Lou Antonio** (born January 23, 1934) is an American actor and TV director. He was best known for performing in the movies *Cool Hand Luke* and *America America*. He also starred in two short-lived TV series, *Dog and Cat*, and ''Makin' It''.

Antonio was married to fellow Actors Studio member, Lane Bradbury;

## References
## Other websites
*
RCA Records Nashville

**RCA Nashville** is an American record label based in Nashville, Tennessee. It is distributed by Sony Music.

## Current artists
*Kane Brown
*Ryan Hurd
*Miranda Lambert
*Old Dominion
*Jake Owen
*Dolly Parton
*Pistol Annies
*Chris Young

## Former artists
*Alabama
*Deborah Allen
*Eddy Arnold
*Chet Atkins
*Baillie & the Boys
*Bobby Bare
*Jeff Bates
*Matraca Berg
*Clint Black
*Catherine Britt
*Garth Brooks
*Jim Ed Brown
*Bush Hawg
*Tracy Byrd
*Helen Cornelius
*Paul Craft
*Gail Davies
*Skeeter Davis
*John Denver
*Dean Dillon
*Josh Dorr
*Ty England
*Sara Evans
*Leon Everette
*Family Brown
*Foster & Lloyd
*Keith Gattis
*Vince Gill 
*Danny Gokey
*Andy Griggs
*Gus Hardin
*Mike Henderson
*Becky Hobbs
*Waylon Jennings
*George Jones
*The Judds 
*Kristen Kelly
*Aaron Lines
*Eddie London
*Brice Long
*Love and Theft
*Lauren Lucas
*Louise Mandrell
*Martina McBride
*Coley McCabe
*Pake McEntire
*Ronnie Milsap
*Lorrie Morgan
*Juice Newton
*The Oak Ridge Boys
*Jamie O'Hara
*Robert Ellis Orrall
*The Osborn Sisters
*K.T. Oslin
*Paul Overstreet
*John Pierce
*Bobby Pinson
*Charley Pride
*Eddie Rabbitt
*Eddy Raven
*Jerry Reed
*Jim Reeves
*Restless Heart
*Kenny Rogers 
*Crystal Shawanda
*Shenandoah
*Dee Jay Silver
*Connie Smith
*Joanna Smith
*Hank Snow
*Jo-El Sonnier
*Tate Stevens
*Tommy Shane Steiner
*Larry Stewart
*Sylvia
*Nat Stuckey
*3 of Hearts
*Josh Thompson
*The Thompson Brothers Band
*Aaron Tippin
*Steve Vaus
*Porter Wagoner
*Clay Walker
*Steve Wariner
*Dottie West
*Lari White
*Keith Whitley
*Chuck Wicks
*Wild Choir
*Trisha Yearwood

## References
## Other websites
* Official RCA Records Nashville Website
Thorapalli

**Thorapalli** is a village in Hosur taluk, Krishnagiri district of Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The village is on the banks of Ponnaiyar River. The population of the village according to 2011 census is 9849 people of 4669 males and 5180 females.

This village is the birthplace of India's first Indian Governor General and Indian freedom fighter, C. Rajagopalachari.

## References
Heiner Geissler

**Heinrichjosef Georg "Heiner" Geißler** (March 3, 1930 &ndash; September 12, 2017) was a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party.

Geißler studied law and philosophy in Munich and Tübingen, where he graduated in 1960.

Geißler served as German minister for youth, family, and health from 1982 to 1985 and also general secretary of the CDU from 1977 to 1989. 

From being a conservative right-winger until the early 1990s, Geißler became increasingly leftist in his views as far as social policy and globalization are concerned. 

In 2007, he announced he had become a member of the attac network. This happened weeks before the 2007 G8 summit, which Germany, holding the 2007 G8 presidency, was hosting. Geißler himself said that his joining of attac had to be seen in the context of the upcoming G8 summit.

## References
## Other websites
*Website 
*ccoaler:How Geissler led a party intern attack vs. Helmut Kohl
Aditya I

**Aditya I** or **Aditya Chola**, the son of Vijayalaya Chola, was the second ruler of the medieval Chola dynasty. He extended the Chola empire by the conquest of the Pallavas and occupied the Western Ganga Kingdom.

In the year 903 CE, Aditya Chola killed the Pallava king Aparajita and annexed the Pallava territories with that of the Cholas. He conquered Kongu land from the Pandyas. He died in 907 CE in Tondaimannarur.
## Reference
White-cheeked barbet

The **white-cheeked barbet** or **small green barbet** (**Psilopogon viridis**) is bird.  It is an Asian barbet. It lives in southern India. It looks like the brown-headed barbet (or large green barbet) (*Psilopogon zeylanica*) but it has a different supercilium and a broad white cheek stripe below the eye. It lives in forests in the Western Ghats and other hills near the Western Ghats.

These birds eat mainly fruits, but also sometimes eat insects. These birds rarely visit the ground, obtaining their water from their fruit diet.They live in hollows of trees. Their call is a *kutroo* - *kutroo*. They also live in Bangalore.

## Behaviour and description 
They are identified by their white cheek, also giving them their name. They are hard to spot, as they are green and look very much like a leaf. They also sit still and upright. They sometimes are found in small groups in fruiting trees, along with other fruit-eating birds (frugivores) like green pigeons, bulbuls and mynas. They live in broadleaved forests, gardens and groves.

## References 
*Birds of the Indian Subcontinent, Oxford University Press, Helm Field Guides-2010
Uzalo

***Uzalo*** is a telenovela produced by Stained Glass Productions, which is co-owned by Kobedi "Pepsi" Pokane and South African hiphop artist HHP.

## Cast
*Leleti Khumalo as MaNzuza
*Sthandwa Nzuza as Magwaza
*Abigail Kubeka as Mamlambo
*Sihle Ndaba as Smangele
*Thando Thabethe as Guest
*Nyalleng Thibedi as Zekhethelo Mhlongo
Mala Ilomska

**Mala Ilomska** is very short  (around 2&nbsp;km) right  tributary of  Ilomska – one of right tributaries of  Ugar − in Central Bosnia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Skender Vakuf Municipality.

This small river is formed from seven springs and streams at the Petrovo polje (Peter's field), on the southwestern slopes of the hill Omarike (1243 m). The min  source is at an altitude of about 1230 m, and one of the registered is Bijeljino spring, near the hamlet of Nikodinovići. In addition to these, there are no significant tributaries.

## Related pages
*Ilomska
*Petrovo polje (Bosnia)
*Petrovo Polje (Skender Vakuf)

## References
Petrovo Polje, Kneževo

**Petrovo Polje**  (Peter's Field)  is a village in  Central Bosnia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republika Srpska, Kneževo Municipality. Until the 1960s it belonged to the former municipality Šiprage, and then for some time and the municipality of  Kotor Varoš. From ancient times to the fall of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the village belonged to the Church municipality Imljani.

## Geography
Peter Field is a village with a few scattered hamlets and more mountain houses on the plateau of Petrovo polje (field) on the slopes of Mount Vlašić. The north is bounded by a line beginning a steep slope into the valley Vrbanja river, on the line elevation  of 1,220  and 1140, and on the south  with Ilomska valley.

## World War II
During World War II, this village was the center of many important events.

## Related pages
*Kneževo 
*Šiprage

## References
Ironstone china

**Ironstone china**, **ironstone ware** or  just **ironstone**, is a type of pottery. It is vitreous (glazed or glassy) pottery made in the United Kingdom in the early 19th century. It is not earthenware, but is similar to fine stoneware.  

There is no iron in ironstone. Its name is got because it is strong and durable. Ironstone was developed in the 19th century by potters in Staffordshire. It sold well as a cheaper alternative to porcelain.

Ironstone in Britain's Staffordshire potteries was made by Charles James Mason after his patent of 1813. The name "ironstone" later became generally used. The strength of Mason's ironstone enabled the company to produce ornamental objects of large size. Their vestibule vaseswere  1.5 metres high. Mantelpieces were made from several large sections. Mason's tableware was widely used in hotels and restaurants as well as private homes. It was usual for commercial clients to have the name of their establishment transfer printed onto the stoneware. 

Mason's was not the only manufacturer. Another high-class pottery was Spode, who made ironstone from 1805 onwards. They had big exports to France, where ironstone was often preferred to faience pottery.

During the mid-19th century The United states was the largest export market for Staffordshire's potteries. They bought plain white stoneware in huge quantities.

Antique ironstone wares are collectable, and in particular items made by Mason's.

## References
Raghavendra Swami

Raghavendra Swami was a renowned Madhwa saint, philosopher and a supporter of Dvaita philosophy that was established by Swami Madhvacharya. He served as the head of the monastery in Kumbakonam from 1621 to 1671 and established Brindavan in present Mantralayam in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is currently an important pilgrimage site.

Raghavendra was born in the town of Bhuvanagiri in Tamil Nadu, India in a Kannada Madhva Brahmin family. His real name is Venkatanatha. Venkatanatha studied under Sudheendra Theertha and emerged as a talented scholar and consistently won debates over scholars older than him. He was also known as a teacher of Sanskrit and the ancient Vedic texts. In 1614, he took sannyasa or became a sanyasi and adopted the name Raghavendra. In 1621, Raghavendra succeeded his guru Sudheendra Theertha as the head of the Kumbakonam monestry which was called Sri Mutt and served from 1621 to 1671. He traveled all over South India explained Madhvacharya's Dvaita philosophy and attributed with a number of miracles. In 1671, after assuring his disciples in a speech that he will be in spirit with them for the next seven hundred years, Raghavendra attained Samadhi at Mantralayam.

## Reference
Carolina Oliveira (disambiguation)

**Carolina Oliveira** may refer to:

* Carolina de Oliveira (Carolina Pacheco De Oliveira), an actress known for television programing in Lebanon and the Arab world
* Carolina Oliveira (Carolina Machado de Oliveira), a Brazilian movie and television actress
Carolina Oliveira

**Carolina Machado de Oliveira**  (born November 29, 1994) is a Brazilian actress.  Oliveira was nominated for an International Emmy Award, considered the Oscar of the TV world, for best actress in *Hoje É Dia de Maria*. 

Oliviera was born in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. She is known for the TV series "Caminho das Índias" (India: A Love Story) (2009), "Hoje é Dia de Maria" (Today is Maria's Day) (2005), and "Páginas da Vida" (Pages of Life) (2006).

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Nabi Tajima

was the second-oldest Japanese person ever (behind Kane Tanaka) at the age of 117 years, 260 days. She was also the oldest living person for 7 months. She was the last member of Lost Generation.

Tajima became the oldest living person in Japan in 2015 upon the death of an 115-year-old anonymous woman. She was aged 117 years, 189 days.

## Biography 
She was the first child and Eldest daughter born in Araki in the westernmost part of Kikaijima Island. She lived in Kikai, Kikaijima Island, and Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.  She had 7 sons and 2 daughters.

As of 2011, she had 28 grandchildren, 56 great-grandchildren and 35 great-great-grandchildren. As of 2017, she had over 160 descendants, including her great-great grandchildren. It was later confirmed that she had been in a hospital since 3 months.

## References
Carolina de Oliveira

**Carolina de Oliveira** (Arabic: كارولينا دي أوليفيرا ) (born November 16, 1978) is an actress known for appearing in Lebanese TV programs. She was named one of BBC's 100 most influential women in 2016 for her work in mental health.

## Life 
Carolina de Oliveira was born in Damascus, Syria to a Brazilian father and a Syrian mother. She attended Jesus and Mary School near Beirut, Lebanon. She received a master's degree in fashion design from the University of Lyon in France. In 2006, there was a rumor that she might marry Egyptian singer Ehab Tawfiq, but she said it was only a rumor.   In 2013, she confirmed that she was engaged to Egyptian artist Ehab Tawfik between 2006 and 2007, but they broke up. During a March 2015 interview, she said she received Lebanese citizenship with the help of the Lebanese authorities.

## Work 
De Oliveira started her television career at Future TV network in 1997. She was in Orbit TV's 'Oyoun Beirut', then went to NBN (National Broadcasting Network) in Lebanon with four other shows: "Al Sabahieh", "3al Moda" and "3al Eticket, and "Special". She became well known after she went to MBC, the Arab satellite TV channel, with "Ante", "Wakif Il Sa3a", "She Style", "Lux Fashion World" and three seasons of the reality show "The Biggest Winner", the most popular show on MBC.  In 2010, Carolina moved to the news channel Al Arabiya, with "Drama Ramadan" and "Cinema in a Week".  In 2009 she was in Khaled Youssef's film "Kalemni Shokran". She has also supported the Ruban Rouge organization against HIV-Aids in Africa and the Middle East.

## Other websites 
* Carolina De Oliveira on Facebook
* Carolina De Oliveira on Twitter
* 

## References
Temple of Athena Nike

The **Temple of Athena Nike** is a temple on the Acropolis of Athens. It was named after the Greek goddess, Athena Nike. The temple was built around 420BC. It is the earliest fully Ionic temple on the Acropolis. The temple measured only   in width and  in length. The temple has four columns on the bothe the front and back sides.

## References
University of Lyon

The **University of Lyon** is a group of institutions for higher education and research in the cities of Lyon and Saint-Étienne in France.  It is the largest French center for higher education outside of Paris, with 25 associated institutions and 120,000 students.

## Other websites 
* Official website Université de Lyon 

## References
Jacques Delors

**Jacques Lucien Jean Delors** (20 July 1925 – 27 December 2023) was a French politician. He served as the 8th President of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995. He served as Minister of Finance 1981 to 1984. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1981.

Delors was in charge of the Delors Committee which proposed the monetary union to create the euro, a new single currency to replace individual national currencies in the European Union.

In 2015, Donald Tusk announced that Delors would become the third person ever to have the title of Honorary Citizen of Europe because of "his remarkable contribution to the development of the European project".

Delors was born in Paris. He studied at the University of Paris. In 1941, he married his wife Marie Lephaille. Together, they had two children. Their daughter Martine Aubry is the mayor of Lille and former First Secretary of the Socialist Party.

Delors died in his sleep at his home in Paris, on 27 December 2023, aged 98.

## References
## Other websites
*Delors addressing the British trade unions
* The famous headline from *The Sun* in the UK: "Up Yours Delors"
Amna Suleiman

**Amna Suleiman** (Arabic: آمنة سليمان) can mean:
* Amna Suleiman, teacher and women's bicycle advocate from Gaza featured by BBC 100 Womenhttp://www.bbc.com/arabic/media-38090046
* Amna Suleiman Abdullah Al-Gharagir, a member of the Jordanian parliament http://www.jordanpolitics.org/ar/lower-house-member/2/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1/2
* Amna Suleiman or Amna Jibril, a Palestinian woman from Shatila refugee camp in Beirut, member of the Revolutionary Council of the Fatah movement, and head of the General Union of Palestinian Women in Lebanon http://janoubia.com/2015/01/08/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7/
Frans Andriessen

**Franciscus Henricus Johannes Joseph "Frans" Andriessen** (2 April 1929 in Utrecht &ndash; 22 March 2019) was a senior Dutch politician.

In 1967 he was first elected to the House of Representatives for the Katholieke Volkspartij (KVP). From 1971 to 1977 he was leader of the KVP. In 1977, the KVP merged with two Protestant parties to form the Christen-Democratisch Appel (CDA).

He served as Minister of Finance (1977–1980) and European Commissioner for Competition (1981-1985), Agriculture (1985-1989), and External Relations and Trade (1989–1993).

Andriessen was one of few politicians to serve three terms as an EU Commissioner.

## References
Shōichi Watanabe

was a Japanese-born English scholar. Watanabe was one of Japan’s more important cultural  critics. 

Watanabe was born in Tsuruoka, Yamagata Prefecture. He studied at Sophia University and completed his doctorate at University of Münster in 1958. 

Watanabe became successively lecturer at Tsuruoka, assistant professor and full professor, until his retirement. He served as emeritus professor at the same university until his death. He was chairman of the Japan Bibliophile Society. His personal collection of books on English philology (see Bibliography) was perhaps his most important contribution to the field of English philology in Japan, containing many rare items.

Watanabe died on 17 April 2017 in Tokyo from heart failure, aged 86.

## References