open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Heptarchy

The **heptarchy** (, *seven* + *realm*) is a collective name applied to seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. These were: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms eventually became the Kingdom of England. The term has been in use since the 16th century. It is used to apply both to the seven kingdoms and to the time period in which they existed.

## Origins of the heptarchy 
The idea of a heptarchy, a group of seven independent kingdoms, is thought to have come from the English historian Henry of Huntingdon in the 12th century.  He listed the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in his *Historia Anglorum* (History of the English People). Bede, however, set up the idea that several kingdoms were more dominant than others (at different times). He created a list of kings who dominated the other kingdoms. The dividing line between these kingdoms was the River Humber. Northumbria (Deira and Bernicia) was the northern kingdom while the remaining kingdoms were those of the southern English. The actual term 'heptarchy' was first used in the 16th century by William Lambarde. His 1568 woodcut map is the earliest known use of the term.

The term heptarchy is sometimes used to imply a confederacy between the kingdoms that did not exist. From the 6th century to the 9th century these were simply seven kingdoms set up by the Germanic invaders and their descendants. There was little equality between them. Northumbria, Mercia and Wessex were the most powerful of the seven and often dominated the others.

# Aelle King of the South Saxons (Sussex)
# Ceawlin King of the West Saxons (Wessex)
# Aethelbert King of Kent
# Raedwald King of East Anglia
# Edwin King of Northumbria
# Oswald King of Northumbria
# Oswiu King of Northumbria
# Egbert King of the West Saxons (Wessex)

Two Mercian kings of the 8th century can be considered bretwaldas also:

* Aethelbald King of Mercia
* Offa King of Mercia

## Kingdoms of the Heptarchy 
The seven kingdoms were:

* East Anglia
* Mercia
* Northumbria, including sub-kingdoms Bernicia and Deira
* Wessex
* Essex
* Kent
* Sussex

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* The Seven Kingdoms of the Heptarchy
Gottfried Böhm

**Gottfried Böhm** (January 23, 1920 &ndash; June 9, 2021) was a German architect. In 1986, he became the first German architect to be honored with a Pritzker Prize.

## Early life
Böhm was born in Offenbach am Main near Frankfurt on 23 January 1920.  He was the youngest of three children of Maria and Dominikus Böhm. Böhm was forced to serve into the *Wehrmacht* during World War II.  He served until he was injured in 1942.  The chapel was completed in 1949 where a medieval church once stood before it was destroyed during World War II. Together, they had four sons.

Böhm turned 100 in January 2020. He died on June 9, 2021 in Cologne at the age of 101.

## Famous buildings
* St. Columba Church, in Cologne, Germany (1947-1950)
* Pilgrimage Church, in Neviges, Germany (1968-1972)
* Christi Auferstehung (Church of Resurrection), in Cologne (1968-1970)
* Bensburg Town Hall, Germany (1964-1969)

## References
## Other websites
* Pritzker Prize page on Gottfried Böhm
Becket (movie)

***Becket*** is a British and American historical drama movie.  It is about the historic, tumultuous relationship between King Henry II of England and his friend, the bishop Thomas Becket. It was directed by Peter Glenville and produced by Hal B. Wallis. It stars Peter O'Toole as King Henry II. It also stars John Gielgud and Richard Burton. It was released on March 11, 1964.

## Other websites
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*
Pro Wrestling Illustrated

***Pro Wrestling Illustrated*** is the monthly American professional wrestling magazine published by the Kappa Publishing Group. 

## PWI 500
The PWI has also ranked a list of the top 500 professional wrestlers each year since 1991. As of 2013, only Jushin Liger has appeared in every edition of the PWI 500. The first woman to be ranked in the list was Jacqueline Moore who was ranked #249 in 1993.

## Awards
Pro Wrestling Illustrated gives out many different awards every year. The awards they currently give out are:

*Wrestler of The Year
*Tag Team of the Year
*Match of the Year
*Feud of the Year
*Most Popular Wrestler of the Year
*Most Hated Wrestler of the Year
*Most Improved Wrestler of the Year
*Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year
*Rookie of the Year
*Stanley Weston Award (Lifetime Achievement)
*Comeback of the Year
*Woman of the Year

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
The Lion in Winter

***The Lion in Winter*** is a British historical drama movie set in the Angevin Empire. It was directed by Anthony Harvey. 

## Cast 
* Peter O'Toole as Henry II of England, 
* Katharine Hepburn as Eleanor of Aquitaine, and 
* Anthony Hopkins and Timothy Dalton as their sons. 

## Music 
Its music was composed by John Barry. It was released on October 30, 1968.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
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My Favorite Year

***My Favorite Year*** is an American comedy movie. It was directed by Richard Benjamin. It stars Peter O'Toole, Mark Linn-Baker, Jessica Harper, Joseph Bologna, and Bill Macy. It was released on October 1, 1982.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
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St Antony's College, Oxford

'''St. Antony's College''' is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1950 and received a Royal Charter in 1953. It claims to be the most cosmopolitan of the University's seven graduate colleges.

## References
WCW Monday Nitro

***WCW Monday Nitro*** was a professional wrestling television program for World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The show ran from September 4, 1995 to March 26, 2001 and had 288 episodes.

## History 
When Nitro debuted it started a ratings battle which became known as the *Monday Night Wars* between WCW and WWF which lasted almost six years. They would continue to defeat the WWF in viewers for 84 consecutive weeks which forced WWF owner Vince McMahon to change the style of wrestling his promotion was doing and introduce The Attitude Era. As the nWo storyline became stale, fans turned from WCW to watch the WWF.

On the January 4, 1999 episode of Nitro, commentator Tony Schiavone gave away the results to Raw which included underdog Mick Foley defeating The Rock saying:
::''"Fans, if you're even thinking about changing the channel to our competition, do not. We understand that Mick Foley, who wrestled here at one time as Cactus Jack, is gonna win their World title. Ha! That's gonna put some butts in the seats, heh."'' The fans switched back to Nitro after Foley won but from that week on, Nitro was beat by Raw in the ratings by a large amount and WCW was never able to regain their former success.

### Special episodes 
## On-air personalities 
### Commentators 
### Ring announcers 
## Related pages
* World Championship Wrestling
* WCW Thunder

## References 
## Other websites 
*WCW on WWE.com
Man and Superman

***Man and Superman*** was a drama play written by George Bernard Shaw in 1903. *Man and Superman* opened at The Royal Court Theatre in London on 23 May 1905. A movie version of the play was released in 1982. It stars Peter O'Toole.

## Video
* Man and Superman (Bernard Shaw) 2015 National Theatre Live
Pygmalion (1983 movie)

***Pygmalion*** is a television movie from 1983. It was produced by Margot Kidder. Kidder also stars in the movie, which also stars Peter O'Toole as Professor Henry Higgins. It received many positive reviews. It was based on George Bernard Shaw's play *Pygmalion*. It was released on July 14, 1983.

## References
## Other websites
*
Too Cool

**Too Cool** was a professional wrestling tag team and stable that competed in World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1998 until 2001.

The members of the tag team were Scott Taylor/Scotty 2 Hotty and Brian Christopher/Grandmaster Sexay. Rikishi joined in late 1999 to make Too Cool a stable.

The members of the stable were portrayed as hip hop fans and they would be dancing around the ring while lights flashed and music played. This also included a famous moment when all three members entered the Royal Rumble and Rikishi eliminated all the participants in the ring except Sexay. Rikishi looked like he was going to eliminate Sexay but Scotty entered the match next and they danced to their music while the Rumble match was still ongoing. Rikishi eliminated the other two members when their dance segment was over. They quickly became very popular with fans. 

On the January 6, 2014 episode of *Raw* titled *Old School Raw*, Too Cool reunited with Rikishi and they defeated 3MB (Heath Slater, Drew McIntyre and Jinder Mahal) in a six-man tag team match. It marked the first time in thirteen and a half years that all three members of Too Cool had competed in a six-man tag team match. Scotty and Sexay also competed at *NXT Arrival* in a match for the NXT Tag Team Championships against The Ascension but they were unable to win the titles.

They performed on independent circuit shows until Christopher committed suicide on July 29, 2018.

## Championships and accomplishments 
* **World Wrestling Federation / Entertainment**
** WWF Intercontinental Championship (1 time) - Rikishi
** WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time) - Scotty
** WWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) - Scotty and Sexay
** WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) - Scotty and Rikishi

## References
## Other websites 
*Grandmaster Sexay's Online World Of Wrestling profile
*Scotty 2 Hotty's Online World Of Wrestling profile
*Rikishi's WWE profile
Standard Liège

**Standard Liège** (full name: **Royal Standard Club de Liège**) is a football club from Liège in Belgium. The club is playing in the Belgian Pro League, the top level in Belgium.
***Champion (10):**1958, 1961, 1963, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1982, 1983, 2008, 2009
***Cup (6):**1954, 1966, 1967, 1981, 1993, 2011
***European Cup Winner Cup:**
**Runner-up 1982

## Team
St Catherine's College, Oxford

'''St. Catherine's College''' is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It is commonly referred to as "Catz". The college was founded in 1962, but its origins are older. In 1862, a "Delegacy for Unattached Students" was formed in Oxford. Students could join the Delegacy to become members of the University without being members of a college. Many students could not afford the cost of belonging to a college. The Delegacy came to be called "St. Catharine's [sic.] Club" after the name of the building at which its members met. In 1931, the Delegacy was officially renamed "St. Catherine's Society".

The Society obtained authority to become a full college in 1956. It purchased land from Merton College and built a modernist campus designed by Danish architect Arne Jacobsen. The College opened in 1962. It first admitted women students in 1974.

## References
Siân Phillips

**Dame Siân Phillips** DBE (; born **Jane Elizabeth Ailwên Phillips**, 14 May 1933) is a Welsh actress. She was married to actor Peter O'Toole. She is also known for her roles in *Becket* and in *Goodbye, Mr. Chips*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Siân Phillips  at Mario Huet's web site
* Siân Phillips bio, Ammanford Web Site
* Siân Phillips
Kingdom of Essex

The **Kingdom of the East Saxons** (), was also called the **Kingdom of Essex**. It was one of the seven kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Essex was founded in the 6th century. The kingdom of Essex covered the area of the modern English counties of Essex, Hertfordshire, Middlesex and (for a short while) Kent. Kings of Essex frequently found themselves under the control of other Anglo-Saxon overlords. The territory of the East Saxons included the two Roman provincial capitals of Colchester and, for a time, London. In the Tribal Hidage the East Saxons were listed at 7,000 hides. 

## History 
When they arrived in England the Saxons, like the Angles, Jutes and Frisians, were Pagans. After the Saxons gained control of Kent they set themselves up in the territory of Essex. The first attempts to convert the East Saxons to Christianity came in 604 with the arrival of Bishop (later Saint) Mellitus in London. Athelberht (King of Kent was the overlord of southern England and helped in the conversion of King Saebert of Essex.  Athelberht built and endowed St. Pauls in London, where St. Paul’s Cathedral now stands. After the death of Saebert in 616, Mellitus was driven out and the kingdom reverted to paganism. King Oswi of Northumbria convinced King Sigebert of Essex to become Christian. Sigebert then invited Chad to become Bishop of London. By 874 the Great Heathen Army held much of Essex. 

## Kings of Essex 
* Aescwine (legendary king)
* Sledda (legendary king)
* Saebert (–) - Son of Sledda, nephew of Athelbert of Kent
* Sexred (–623) - Son of Saebert, ruled jointly with his two brothers Saeward and Sexbald.
* Saeward (–623)
* Sexbald (–623)
* Sigebert I (623–) - Probable son of Saeward
* Sigebert II (–) - Possible cousin of Sigebert I
* Swithelm (–663)
* Sigehere (ruled Essex 663–688; Kent 687–688)
* Sebbi (663–693)
* Sigeheard (693–) - Son of Sebbi
* Swaefred (689–) - Son of Sebbi
* Offa (707–709) - Son of Sigehere
* Saelred (–746) Co-king
* Swebert (709–738) Co-king
* Swithred (746–759)
* Sigeric (759–798)
* Sigered (798–825) last king of Essex; reduced in rank after 811 to an ealdorman.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Kingdom of Essex
Dr. Luigi

***Dr. Luigi*** is a puzzle video game for the Wii U console. It was developed by Nintendo and Arika. It was released in North America on December 31, 2013, and in Europe on January 15, 2014.

## Gameplay
The gameplay of *Dr. Luigi* is to make sure vitamins of the same color are lined up together. There are three colors of vitamins: red, blue, and yellow. The player has to clear the field of viruses by dropping capsules with two colors on them. The player moves the capsules as they fall by moving them left or right and rotating them. The player gets points by clearing viruses. The game ends if the bottle becomes completely filled with capsules.

There are four different modes. "Retro Remedy" is played like other *Dr. Mario* games. In "Operation L", capsules that are shaped like an L are dropped into the playing field. In "Virus Buster", players hold the Wii U GamePad vertically, and use the controller's touch screen to drop the capsules onto the playing field. In "Online Battle", players can play against other people through online multiplayer.

## References
Pro Wrestling Noah

**Pro Wrestling Noah** (**PW Noah** or **Noah**) is an Japanese professional wrestling company. It was founded by Mitsuharu Misawa in 2000.  Misawa started the company after he left All Japan Pro Wrestling. He did not like the direction Giant Baba's widow Motoko Baba was putting the company in.

Akira Taue was named as Misawa's successor and the new President of Pro Wrestling Noah on June 27, 2009.

In January 2020, the company was purchased by CyberAgent.

## Champions
## References
## Other websites
*Official PWN website 
*Official PWN website
Tetris Attack

***Tetris Attack*** is a puzzle video game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy that was released in 1996. It was developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo. It is the first game in the *Puzzle League* series. It was originally known as *Panel de Pon* in Japan and had different characters, but the characters were replaced with characters from ''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island'' when the game was made in English.

## Gameplay
Players clear blocks that come down by lining them up in horizontal or vertical lines of three or more blocks. The lines have to have the same kind of block. As new blocks come down, the playfield rises. If it makes it to the top, the player loses. The player can stop the playfield from rising by clearing blocks. In two-player games, clearing more than one line at once making combos causes "garbage" blocks to come down on the opponent's side of the field. Garbage blocks can be cleared by clearing lines below it.

There are several single-player modes. In Story Mode, the player plays through the game's story. The player faces against opponents in head-to-head matches. The player has to make their opponent lose by causing their playfield to make it to the top. In Endless Mode, the player plays as long as possible; with the speed becoming faster over time. In Timed Mode, the player has to score as many points as possible in two minutes. In Stage Clear, the player goes through a series of stages where they have to clear blocks below a line. In Puzzle Mode, the player goes through puzzles where they have to clear blocks in a certain amount of moves.

There are also multiplayer modes which are two-player versions of the single-player modes.

## Other websites
*
*
Conor O'Brian

**Ryan Parmeter** (born February 6, 1980) Parmeter also competed in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA)

He was formerly in WWE from 2005 to 2008, but both Parmeter and his girlfriend who was also employed with the company asked for their released due to health problems. He was re-signed by the WWE on July 14, 2010 and was sent to their FCW developmental territory. He competed on the fourth season of NXT but was the second person eliminated. He also competed on the fifth season of NXT titled *NXT Redemption* but was eliminated fourth.

Parmeter won the NXT Tag Team Championship with Viktor on September 12, 2013, when they defeated Adrian Neville and Corey Graves. They were the longest reigning NXT Tag Team Champions of all time, holding the titles for 364 days.

## Championships and accomplishments
***Atomic Revolutionary Wrestling**
**ARW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Vik
***Coastal Championship Wrestling**
**CCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
***Kings of Pro Wrestling**
**KPW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
****Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
**PWI ranked him No. 123 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2014
***WWE**
**NXT Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Viktor

## References
## Other websites
*Official website .
* 
*
*
Private school

A **private school** (also known as **independent school** or **nonstate schools**) is a school that is not owned by a government. These schools decide which students to admit. They get their money in whole or in part from the school fees that students pay to attend, instead of from taxes. Private schools are often more expensive than other schools.

In the United Kingdom, private schools are paid and they are most commonly found in the richer parts of the country.

## References
Private

**Private** might mean:

*Private (rank)
**Private First Class
*Private bill
*Private equity
*Private network
*Private prison
*Private property
*Private school
Libera

**Libera** is an all-boy singing group from England. It is directed by Robert Prizeman. There are roughly 40 members aged 7 to 16. They go to different schools in South London. Most members come from the parish choir of St. Philip's, Norbury, in South London. Libera record albums and goes on tour around the world. Libera is a not-for-profit organisation, registered as a charity in the UK.

Most boys have unchanged boy soprano (also known as treble) voices. The boys in their early teens sing the lowest parts. Libera's songs are either new compositions by Robert Prizeman or new arrangements of classical and contemporary tunes. Prizeman often composes and arranges pieces with individual soloists in mind. He does this to emphasize the variety of characteristics and qualities in the boys' voices.

## References
Nelly Omar

**Nilda Elvira Vattuone** (10 September 1911 – 20 December 2013) or **Nelly Omar**, was an Argentine actress and singer.

She was born in Buenos Aires. She was married to Antonio Molina from 1935. They divorced in 1943. Omar died of cardiac arrest while she was sleeping at a hospital in Buenos Aires. She was 102 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Strood

**Strood** is a town in Medway, North Kent. It has several named areas, the most known areas are Earl Estate and Marlowe Park.

## Retail
### Strood High Street 
Strood has a high street, some of the shops there are Tesco, Asda, Poundstretcher, Aldi, Sports Direct,  Savers and Iceland,

### Strood Retail Park 
Strood has a retail park called Strood Retail Park.

In 2016, the B&Q store at Strood Retail Park was demolished, and new shops were built there, the new shops were Gym Group Gym, Starbucks, B&M Bargains, Maplin and M&S Foodhall. and they closed all of their shops. In 2018, B&M extended their shop into the old Maplin shop.

In 2019, a Cancer Research charity shop opened at the Retail Park.

In 2021, a Hobby Craft opened at the Retail Park.

As of January 2025, It has the following shops: the Gym Group Gym, Argos, Hobbycraft, Poundland, Matalan

## References
David Coleman

**David Robert Coleman**, OBE (26 April 1926 – 21 December 2013) was an English sports commentator and television presenter. He worked for the BBC for over 40 years. He covered eleven Olympic Games from 1960 to 2000 and six FIFA World Cups.

Coleman became the first broadcaster to receive the Olympic Order award. This was in recognition of his contribution to the Olympics.

Coleman died of a short illness in his home in London. He was aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Monty Python Trailer sketch 
* *Independent* December 2000 
* Manchester City Cup Final Celebration 1969
David Hobbs

**David Wishart Hobbs** (born 9 June 1939) is a British retired racing driver. Hobbs was a commentator for the Speed Channel. He now works as a commentator for NBC and NBC Sports Network.

Hobbs was born in Royal Leamington Spa, England.

In 1969 Hobbs was included in the FIA list of graded drivers. This is an elite group of 27 drivers who were rated the best in the world by their achievements.

## References
## Other websites
*SpeedTV bio
*David Hobbs Honda
*Stats from David Hobbs' IROC and NASCAR careers on racing-reference.info
*David Hobbs - Test Driver  Jaguar XJ13 - Building the Legend
Michael Anderson

**Michael Joseph Anderson, Sr.** (30 January 1920 &ndash; 25 April 2018) was a British movie director. He was best known for directing *The Dam Busters* (1955), *Around the World in 80 Days* (1956) and ''Logan's Run'' (1976). He was the step-grandfather of Laurie Holden. 

Anderson died at his home in Vancouver, British Columbia on 25 April 2018 at the age of 98.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Michael Anderson biography at BFI Screenonline
Pentagon bus station

**Pentagon bus station** was the main bus station in Chatham, Kent, South East England. It was part of the Pentagon Shopping Centre.

It was replaced by Chatham Waterfront bus station in 2011.

## Related pages
*Pentagon Shopping Centre
*Chatham Waterfront bus station

## References
Chatham Waterfront bus station

**Chatham Waterfront bus station** is a bus station in Chatham, Kent. The bus station was opened in October 2011. It replaced the town's previous Pentagon bus station.

The main bus companies that use the bus station are Arriva Medway Towns and Nu-Venture.

The bus station has 19 stands. Buses run from the bus station around the Medway area and to parts of Kent. The bus station has toilets. The Travel Centre closed in 2020.

## Related pages
*Pentagon bus station
*Pentagon Shopping Centre

## References
## Other websites
*Chatham Waterfront FAQ's (Archive)
*Chatham Waterfront bus station to 'transform transport' - BBC News Kent - September 11 2011
Paddy Considine

**Patrick George "Paddy" Considine** (born 5 September 1973) is an English actor. In 2005 he won Best British Actor at the Empire Awards for playing Richard in ''Dead Man's Shoes''. Considine has Asperger's syndrome.

## References
Babyface

**Kenneth Brian "Babyface" Edmonds** (born April 10, 1959) is an American R&B musician. He released his first album *Lovers* in 1986. He has won ten Grammy Awards. He started a record label called Soda Pop Records in 2009. Babyface will release an album with Toni Braxton called Love Marriage & Divorce in 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Hohe Warte Stadium

The **Hohe Warte Stadium** is a football stadium in the Döbling district of Vienna. It is the home ground of the oldest football club in Austria, First Vienna FC 1894. It is also used by the American football team Vienna Vikings. It is one of the oldest stadiums which are still in use in professional football.

## History
The stadium was opened in 1921 with a match between First Vienna and S.C. Hakoah Wien. It was at that time the biggest in Europa. It was and still is the homeground of First Vienna F.C. 1894. The stadium was planned by Eduard Schönecker, who was not only a architect, but also a notable football defender playing for SK Rapid Wien and the national team. With 90,000 capacity it was the largest stadium in Europe at this time. In 1923, 80,000 visitors were looking at the match of the Austrian national football team versus Italy. The stadium was also used for open air opera performances and boxing events.

In the 1920s the stadium was used for open air operas and boxing. 1924 the composer Pietro Mascagni conducted the opera  Aida by Giuseppe Verdi.

Today the capacity is 5,500 because the city closed the natural hills around the stadium for visitors. The costs to maintain the stadium are €400,000. There are plans to build a wellness center to lower the costs for the club.
## International matches at Hohe Warte stadium
## References
South West Africa

**South West Africa** (; ; ) was the name used for Namibia when it was ruled by the German Empire and later Union of South Africa and Republic of South Africa.

## German colony 
From 1884 to 1915, South West Africa was a German colony under the name of German South West Africa (, DSWA). Germany had a difficult time ruling the territory, and it experienced many insurgencies. The main port city, Walvis Bay, and the Penguin Islands were annexed by Great Britain in 1878 as a part of the Cape Colony, which became a part of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910.

## South African rule 
In 1915, South Africa captured the German colony. It became a League of Nations Mandate territory, with the Union of South Africa administering it. In 1946, the League of Nations was replaced by the United Nations. The Mandate was supposed to become a Trust Territory when the League of Nations Mandates were transferred to the control of the UN. However, South Africa refused, regarding the territory as its fifth province (even though it was never formally incorporated into the Union of South Africa). In 1966, the United Nation terminated the Mandate and said that South Africa had no right to administer South West Africa any more, but South Africa refused. In 1971, the South African occupation of the territory was illegal and that they should leave, but South Africa still refused.

On 21 March 1990, South Africa granted independence to the territory, which became the Republic of Namibia. However, Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands only became a part of Namibia in 1994.
Athelfrith of Bernicia

**Athelfrith** (died 616), in 593 became King of Bernicia. In 604 he conquered Deira and became the first King of Northumbria. Athelfrith was the first great leader among the Angles north of the River Humber. Bede called him an ambitious and powerful king who cruelly ravaged the Britons more than any other English leader. He was killed in battle against the East Angles.

## King of Bernicia 
Athelfrith was the son of Athelric of Bernicia and grandson of Ida of Bernicia. In 593 Athelfrith became King of Bernicia. According to Frank Stenton "The continuous history of Northumbria, and indeed of England, begins with the reign of Athelfrith..." Among the northern Angles, Athelfrith was the first great leader. He gained more territory from the Britons than any other English leader.

In 595 a large force of Britons, Gaels and Picts came together at *Din Eydin* (Edinburgh). They attacked the Angles of Bernicia at a place identified as Catterick. Among those killed at this battle called *Catraeth*, was Owen of Rheged, Athelfrith's enemy. Owen had killed Athelfrith's father, Athelric. Athelfrith's victory eliminated the Scots as a threat for a long period of time in northern Britain. He must have spent the next few years setting up ways to govern such a large territory. He almost certainly set up fortifications as well. Between 613 and 616 Athelfrith defeated the Britons in battle at Chester. Edwin escaped again this time to Mercia, then to East Anglia. He married the sister of Gartnait, King of the Picts. His half-brothers Oswald and Oswiu found safety with the Scots in Argyll. Their only son was:
* Eanfrith of Bernicia (590–634)

Athelfrith's second wife was  Acha, sister of Edwin of Deira and daughter of Aelle of Deira.
* Oswudu of Northumbria
* Oslac of Northumbria
* Oslaf of Northumbria
* Offa of Northumbria
* Ebba, Abbess of Coldingham 

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* *The Kings of Northumbria*, Britannia
Dál Riata

**Dál Riata** (also **Dalriada** or **Dalriata**) was a Gaelic kingdom on the western coast of Scotland.. Beginning in the early 5th century Dál Riata covered the area of what is now Argyll and Bute and Lochaber in Scotland. They came from the area of County Antrim in Northern Ireland where they were called 'Scots'. Other groups from Ireland followed. These groups also established themselves on the west coast as far south as Cornwall. The colony from Irish Dál Riata were known as the *Scotti* to the Romans. It was this group that later gave their name to Scotland.

## History 
At the time they began to colonize Dál Riata, the only other people living in the far north of Britain were the Picts. 

Some view the Dál Riatans as having their own local kings with their overlord in Ireland. In 603 Aedan led his people against Athelfrith of Bernicia at a place called *Degsastan.* Defeats in Ireland and Scotland during the reign of Domnall Brecc (d. 642) ended Dál Riata's dominance. The kingdom came under the control of Northumbria, then subject to the Picts. The kingdom's independence ended in the Viking Age, as it merged with the lands of the Picts to form the Kingdom of Alba.

## Notes 
## References
Burlesque (movie)

***Burlesque*** is a 2010 musical movie. It is about a talented young singer quitting her waitress job and then moving to Los Angeles. She gets a job dancing in a burlesque show where her talent is revealed. Cher plays Tess, Christina Aguilera plays Ali and Julianne Hough plays Georgia. North American theaters started showing the movie just before Thanksgiving 2010. The critical reviews of the movie were mixed to negative. Its box office performance, however, was close to $90 million.

## Related pages
*Burlesque (soundtrack), the soundtrack from the movie
Kalpana Chawla

**Kalpana Chawla** (March 17, 1962 – February 1, 2003) was an American astronaut of Indian origin. She was the first Indian-American astronaut and the first Indian woman to go into space.
She was married to flight instructor Jean-Pierre Harrison. She first flew in 1997 on the Space Shuttle mission STS-87, and flew again on the STS-107 mission in 2003, during which she was killed while the spacecraft was returning to Earth.

## Early life 
Chawla was born in Karnal, Haryana. She got a degree in aeronautical engineering from Punjab Engineering elementary school. She moved to America and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in the year 1990. She earned a master's degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Texas. She got her doctorate from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1993. She began flying with people for NASA at the Ames Research the same year.

## Career 
In 2000, Chawla was selected for her second voyage into space, serving again as a mission specialist on STS-107. The mission was delayed several times, and finally launched in 2003. Over the course of the 16-day flight, the crew completed more than 80 experiments. Kalpana was one of the seven people killed in the  disaster on February 1, 2003.

## References
Andrei Markov (ice hockey)

**Andrei Viktorovich Markov** (born December 20, 1978) is a Russian-Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL) and served as their alternate captain.

## Career
He was drafted with the 162nd overall pick by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. Before playing in the NHL, he played 4 seasons in the Russian Superleague with Khimik Voskresensk for 2 seasons and Dynamo Moscow for 2 seasons.

He made his NHL debut with the Canadiens during 2000-01 NHL season. He split his time between both the Canadiens and their AHL affiliate Quebec Citadelles. He earned a permanent spot on the Canadiens roster during the 2001-02 NHL season. He went back to Russia during the 2004-05 NHL lockout to play for his former team Dynamo Moscow.

He came back to North America after the lockout and signed a four-year deal with the Canadiens on May 28, 2007.

He became a Canadian citizen on July 16, 2010.

He signed a three-year deal with the Canadiens on June 23, 2011.

On September 15, 2014, the Canadiens named Markov as one of their alternate captains along with P.K. Subban, Tomas Plekanec, and Max Pacioretty.

On 16 April 2020, Markov announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## References
## Other websites 
*
AC Omonia

The **Athletic Club Omonia Nicosia** is a football club from Cyprus. It is based in the capital, Nicosia.

## Honours 
**Cyprus Football Association**
* Cypriot Championship: 21
* Cypriot Cup: 16
* Cyprus FA Shield: 17 (record)
Geoglyph

A **geoglyph** is a large-scale man-made feature on the ground. Usually longer than 4 metres, it is made by placing rocks, stones, live trees, gravel, or earth. 

A *positive* geoglyph is formed by the arrangement and alignment of materials on the ground, while a *negative* geoglyph is formed by removing material to expose bare ground.

, Lara, Australia, by Andrew Rogers. The creature has a wingspan of 100 metres and 1,500 tonnes of rock were used to construct it.]]
Tribute in Light

.]]
The **Tribute in Light** is a memorial with two beams of light shooting straight up into the sky done to remember the September 11 attacks. It is lit up at dusk every September 11, lasting until dawn the next day.  It is done by the Municipal Art Society of New York. It was first done on March 11, 2002, six months after the attacks happened, and lasted until April 14, 2002. It was done again on the second anniversary of the attacks, on September 11, 2003. Since then, it has been done on every September 11.

On clear nights, the lights can be seen from over 60 miles away. It can be seen in all of New York City, as well as most of Northern New Jersey and Long Island, Fairfield County, Connecticut, Westchester County, New York, Orange County, New York and Rockland County, New York.

## References
## Other websites
* The Municipal Art Society of New York, producers of the Tribute in Light 
* Tribute in Light video
* Creativetime.org: Tribute in Light
* "From 88 Searchlights, an Ethereal Tribute" , *The New York Times*, March 4, 2002
* Additional photographs of the Tribute in Light
Emma Darwin

**Emma Darwin**  (née **Wedgwood**; 2 May 1808 – 7 October 1896) was an English woman and the wife of Charles Darwin.  Charles Darwin was a very important biologist. Emma was the daughter of Josiah Wedgwood II.  Josiah II was the son of Josiah Wedgwood.  Josiah was a potter and founder of the Wedgwood company.  Charles Darwin was her cousin. He was also a grandchild of Josiah. They married on 29 January 1839. Emma had 10 children with Charles.  2 of these died when they were babies.  Another child, Annie, died when she was 10. Emma helped Charles with his work, mostly by writing out his works onto manuscripts.

## References
TNA World Championship

The **TNA World Championship** is a professional wrestling championship in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was originally a National Wrestling Alliance. The championship was debuted on the May 14, 2007 taping of TNA Impact!. The episode aired on May 17, 2007 because of tape delay. It is considered the highest-ranking title in TNA.

## History
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling originally had an agreement with National Wrestling Alliance and had control over both the NWA World Heavyweight and World Tag Team Championships. The company became a NWA territory and was known as NWA–TNA. On their first show they had a twenty-man Gauntlet for the Gold match where twenty men would try to throw each other over the top rope and onto the floor to eliminate them, until there were two men left. The two men who remained would compete in a standard match to become the first ever TNA-era NWA World Heavyweight Champion. Ken Shamrock would defeat Malice to win the vacant championship with Ricky Steamboat as special guest referee at the event. On the May 14, 2007 taping of TNA Impact! (which aired on May 17, 2007 because of tape delay), Angle debuted the TNA World Heavyweight Championship belt and said that he was the "new TNA World Heavyweight Champion".

## Current champion
The current champion is Moose and he is in his second reign as champion. He defeated former champion Alex Shelley at Hard To Kill on January 13, 2024.

## References
## Other websites
*TNA World Heavyweight Title History
Norway women's national football team

The '''Norway women's national football team''' represents Norway on the women's side in association football. Norway won the 1987 and 1993 UEFA Women's Championships. They won the FIFA Women's World Cup in 1995. They won a bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics and a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## Player records 
### Most caps 
### Most goals 
## Competitive record 
The Norwegian team has been one of the most successful women's football teams in the world. They have won 1 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2 UEFA Women's Championships.

### FIFA World Cup 
* Champions : **1** (1995)
* Runners-Up : **1** (1991)
* Fourth Place : **2** (1999, 2007)

### UEFA European Championship 
* Champions : **2** (1987, 1993)
* Runners-Up : **4** (1989, 1991, 2005, 2013)
* Semi-finals : **3** (1995, 2001, 2009)

## References
## Other websites
* Norway women's national team  
* Norway women's national team
Mercedes-Benz Vario

**The Mercedes-Benz Vario** was a series of vans, trucks and step-entrance buses made by Mercedes-Benz from 1995 to 2013.

The Vario was built to replace the Mercedes-Benz T2.

The Vario minibuses could be built as a minibus or as a chassis only.

## Gallery 

File:Mercedes-Benz Vario, PKS Tarnobrzeg - rear.jpg|O814D Vario minibus rear in Kraków, Poland in November 2010
File:Western Greyhound 564.jpg|Western Greyhound Plaxton Beaver 2 bodied O814 in Plymouth in September 2006
File:St Ives Bus Company bus (REZ 8375, ex-P703 LCF), St Ives, Cornwall, 29 July 2013.jpg|St Ives Bus Company Plaxton Beaver 2 bodied O814 in Cornwall in July 2013
File:Southern Vectis 5869 KE06 EMX rear.JPG|Southern Vectis O814D Vario minibus with rear wheelchair access in the UK in November 2011
File:UPS Truck.jpg|UPS Vario van in Germany in May 2005
File:Entstoerfahrzeug 07-07-01.jpg|RheinEnergie 815D Vario Emergency Service Van in Cologne in July 2007
File:Post Office Mercedes-Benz Armoured Van.jpg|814D Vario Post Office Van in Halstead in January 2008
File:Mercedes-Benz 814 DA.jpg|814D Vario Van with a Truck bed in the Netherlands in June 2012
File:Neugeborenen Notarzt.jpg|512D Vario Emergency doctor van in Germany in July 2007
File:Compass Bus R81 EDW.JPG|Compass Travel Autobus Classique bodied Vario in Horsham in April 2009 

## References 
## Other websites
Kevin Kampl

**Kevin Kampl** (born 9 October 1990 in Solingen) is a football player from Slovenia. He plays as a midfielder for RB Leipzig in the Bundesliga.

## Club career
Before he was born, Kampl's parents moved from Maribor to Solingen, where he started his career with VfB Solingen. From 1997 he went on to Bayer 04 Leverkusen. In 2010 he signed his first contract. Because he did not play much he went on loan to SpVgg Greuther Fürth. After he came back he was still part of the squad but still played seldomly. He went to VfL Osnabrück in the 3rd league. The next club was VfR Aalen, where he only played two months. Then he signed for FC Red Bull Salzburg. It is said that Salzburg payed €3 million for Kampl. Within a short time he became an important player. In his first season he scored four goals and gave 9 assists.

On January 1st he went on to Borussia Dortmund for  €12 million. Then he went on to Bayer Leverkusen and 2017 to RB Leipzig for €20 millions.
## National team
He played 17 matches for the Under-21 team of Slovenia. His first match for the team was on October 12, 2012 versus Cyprus. 2018 he retired from the team. He played 28 matches and scored two goals.

## References
High-fructose corn syrup

**High-fructose corn syrup** (also known as glucose–fructose syrup and abbreviated as HFCS) is a sweetener made from corn starch. High fructose corn syrup is used in soft drinks, processed foods, cereal, yogurt and breakfast bars.

As in the production of conventional corn syrup, corn starch is broken down into glucose. To make HFCS, the corn syrup is further processed to convert some of its glucose into fructose (fruit sugar). This results in a balance of glucose and fructose similar to that of sucrose (table sugar). Its use in the United States has grown, relative to sucrose, partly because of government subsidies for the production of corn. 

## Controversy 
High fructose corn syrup has been linked to obesity, diabetes and other health problems.

However, an expert

:"We are not aware of any evidence … that there is a difference in safety between foods containing [HFCS] and foods containing similar amounts of other nutritive sweeteners with approximately equal glucose and fructose content, such as sucrose, honey, or other traditional sweeteners. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that everyone limit consumption of all added sugars, including HFCS and sucrose. FDA participated in the development of the Dietary Guidelines and fully supports this recommendation."

## References
UTA Arad

**FC UTA Arad**, commonly known as **UTA Arad**, is a football club from Arad, Romania. The club is the fifth most successful in Romania, behind FCSB, FC Dinamo București, CFR Cluj and Venus București.

## Honours
### Domestic
**Liga I**
:***Winners (6):** 1946–47, 1947–48, 1950, 1954, 1968–69, 1969–70
:*Runners-up (1): 1971–72

**Cupa României**
:***Winners (2):** 1947–48, 1953
:*Runners-up (2): 1950, 1966

**Liga II**
:***Winners (3):** 1980–81, 1992–93, 2001–02
:*Runners-up (5): 1982–83,1988–89, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1998–99

### European
**UEFA Cup**:
* *Best result:* **Quarter-Finalist:** 1971–72
List of brightest stars

Below are the 52 brightest individual stars in order of their *average* apparent magnitudes in the visible spectrum as seen from Earth.

To the naked eye on a clear dark night, in a place far from cities and lights, the total number of stars visible is about 9000. This is not the same as a list of the brightest stars as seen with the naked eye, because close binary or multiple star systems will appear as a single star brighter than their individual components. The binary system Alpha Centauri has an apparent magnitude of -0.27, but the brightest individual star is Alpha Centauri A with the apparent magnitude as listed here of -0.01. Hence Alpha Centauri is the third brightest star in the night sky, whilst its brightest component Alpha Centauri A is the fourth brightest individual star.

## References
Corn syrup

**Corn syrup** is food syrup made from starch. The starch is usually from potatoes, wheat, tapioca and corn.

## Related pages
*High fructose corn syrup

## References
Biomolecule

, showing alpha helices, represented by ribbons. This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography by Max Perutz and John Kendrew in 1958, for which they received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.]]

A **biomolecule** is any molecule produced by a living organism. That includes large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as many smaller molecules. 

Biomolecules are used in biological processes such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.

Just four elements—oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen—make up 96% of the human body's mass. But many other elements, such as the various **biometals**,  are also present in small (but vital) amounts.

Biometals are at the heart of many biomolecules. One or two atoms of copper, zinc, iron or manganese are in the most important biological molecules. They act as cofactors, electron donors, at the heart of key biological molecules.

## Types of biomolecules
A huge range of biomolecules exist, including:

* Small molecules:
** Lipids, polysaccharides, glycolipids, sterols, glycerolipids
** Vitamins
** Hormones, neurotransmitters
**Metabolites
* Monomers, oligomers and polymers:

## References
Christine Ebersole

**Christine Ebersole** (born 21 February, 1953) is an American singer, actress and musician. She played Evelyn Tracy in *Black Sheep* (1996) and Muffin in the comedy *The Big Wedding* (2013). In 2007 she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her work in *Grey Gardens*. Since 2019, she has played the role of Dottie on *Bob Hearts Abishola*.

Ebersole was born in Winnetka, Illinois. She now lives near Maplewood, New Jersey.

## References
Sex (book)

The book ***Sex*** is a book by the singer Madonna. It was released on 21 October 1992. It covers topics like sadomasochism, sex, pornography, adult content and sexual simulation. Madonna wrote the book as a character named Mistress Dita. *Sex* had 128 pages plus a warning. Others involved in the book include Naomi Campbell, Vanilla Ice and Isabella Rossellini. The book was controversial for a lot of reasons. One was that the book was not allowed for sale to anyone under the age of eighteen. The book became a very major hit.

## References
Leymah Gbowee

**Leymah Roberta Gbowee** (born 1 February 1972) is a Liberian peace activist. In 2011 she won the Nobel Peace Prize with Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf and Tawakel Karman. This made Gbowee the second African woman to win the prize. Her book *Might Be Our Powers: How Sisterhood, Prayer, and Sex Changed a Nation at War* was published in 2011. 

## Early life
Gbowee was born in central Liberia. She was living with her parents and sisters in Monrovia when the First Liberian Civil War started in 1989. Gbowee was 17 and planning to study medicine. The war made things unsafe for Gbowee and her family. Gbowee moved to Ghana and lived as a refugee there. She later fled back to Liberia.

## Personal life
Gbowee has eight children.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Péter Gulácsi

**Péter Gulácsi** (born 6 May 1990 in Budapest) is a Hungarian football player. He plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He is a goalkeeper.

## Honours
* 1 × Champion Premier Reserve League (with FC Liverpool Reserves): 2007/08
* Third place in the U-20-World Championship 2009 in Egypt

## References
## Other websites