open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Australia Day

**Australia Day** is a public holiday held on 26 January every year in Australia. It is  to remember the day that the First Fleet landed in Australia. On 26 January 1788 British people landed at Sydney Cove and began a British convict settlement.
## Disputes
Some people do not believe that Australia Day should be celebrated on this date.  For example, some indigenous Australians call the date *Invasion Day* or *Survival Day* because it was the day that their native land was invaded.
## Arrival of the First Fleet 
On 13 May 1787, 11 ships were sent from Great Britain to Australia. The ships carried mostly prisoners to Australia where many were going to be living the rest of their lives. The ships were led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who was later promoted to an Admiral.

## References
Adventureland (movie)

***Adventureland*** is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama movie. It is set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in summer 1987. It was produced by Sidney Kimmel, Anne Carey and Ted Hope. It was written and directed by Greg Mottola. Adventureland was released on April 3, 2009 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 76 out of 100 from Metacritic.

## Cast 
* Jesse Eisenberg as James Brennan
* Kristen Stewart as Emily "Em" Lewin
* Ryan Reynolds as Mike Connell
* Martin Starr as Joel
* Matt Bush as Tommy Frigo
* Margarita Levieva as Lisa P.
* Bill Hader as Bobby
* Kristen Wiig as Paulette
* Mary Birdsong-Covey as Francy
* Josh Pais as Mr. Lewin
* Jack Gilpin as Mr. Brennan
* Wendie Malick as Mrs. Brennan

## Other websites 
*Adventureland's official website 
* 
*
Shakespeare in Love

***Shakespeare in Love*** is a 1998 British-American romantic comedy-drama movie starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Ben Affleck and Judi Dench. It won 7 Academy Awards, including Best Picture of 1998. This movie is about the involvement of William Shakespeare in a serious love affair with Viola (played by Paltrow).

## Other websites 
*
WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007

***WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007*** is a professional wrestling video game that was published by THQ. The video game was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and Xbox 360 systems. The video game was released on January 25, 2007 in Japan, November 14, 2006 in North America, November 10, 2006 in Europe and on November 16, 2006 in Australia for the PlayStation 2 & Xbox 360. and the game was released on February 22, 2007 in Japan, December 6, 2006 in North America and on December 15, 2006 in Europe for the PSP.

The video game received a 8.1 for both the PS2 and Xbox 360 and a 7.9 for the PSP from GameSpot. 

It is part of the WWE SmackDown vs. Raw video game series.

## Other websites
*Official WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007 website
Ömer Aşık

**Ömer Aşık** (born July 4, 1986 in Bursa, Turkey) is a Turkish basketball player. He was drafted by the Portland Trail Blazers with the 36th pick in the 2nd round of the 2008 NBA Draft. However, he did not play a game with them and was traded to the Chicago Bulls. He also played with the Turkish national basketball team where he won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship.

His nicknames are **Aşik and Destroy**, **The Turkish Hammer**, and **The SuperBull from Istanbul**, all given to him by Bulls color commentator Stacey King.

## Other websites 
*Ömer Aşık's NBA player profile
Hedo Türkoğlu

**Hidayet "Hedo" Türkoğlu** (born March 19, 1979 in Gaziosmanpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish basketball player. He was drafted by the Sacramento Kings with the 16th pick in the 1st round of the 2000 NBA Draft. He has also played with the Sacramento Kings from 2000 to 2003, San Antonio Spurs from 2003 to 2004, Orlando Magic from 2004 to 2009, Toronto Raptors from 2009 to 2010, Phoenix Suns in 2010 and currently the Orlando Magic since 2010 when he was traded to the Magic in 2010 along with Jason Richardson and Earl Clark for Vince Carter, Marcin Gortat, Mickaël Piétrus, a 2011 first-round draft pick and $3 million.

## Other websites 
* Hedo Türkoğlu's NBA player profile
Penny Marshall

*, 1976]]
**Carole Penny Marshall** (October 15, 1943 &ndash; December 17, 2018) was an American actress, producer and director. She starred as Laverne in the sitcom *Laverne & Shirley* from 1976 to 1983. Marshall directed many movies, including *Awakenings*, *A League of Their Own*, and *Big''.

From 1971 to 1981, she was married to actor and director Rob Reiner. Her brother was director Garry Marshall. She was born in The Bronx, New York City.

Marshall died on December 17, 2018 in Los Angeles, California from heart failure complicated from diabetes and heart disease, aged 75.

## References
Mehmet Okur

**Mehmet Okur** (born May 26, 1979 in Yalova, Turkey) is an Turkish basketball player. He was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the 37th pick in the 2nd round of the 2001 NBA Draft. He currently plays for the Utah Jazz as a center and power forward. He has also played for the Detroit Pistons from 2002 to 2004 until he signed with the Jazz after the Pistons were unable to pay his salary due to salary cap limitations.  

## Other websites 
*Mehmet Okur's NBA player profile
Iwate Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan. It is on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Morioka.

## History 
The area of Iwate was part of Mutsu Province.

In 1869, Mutsu was split into five new provinces: Rikuōku, Rikuchū,  The first three of these together known as the "Three Riku", or *Sanriku*.

The new provinces were abolished in July 1871.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Mutsu Province were changed in the 1870s.  The eastern coastline faces the Pacific Ocean.  Iwate shares its northern border with Aomori Prefecture.  The western border meets Akita Prefecture.  Its southern border is shared with Miyagi Prefecture.

### Cities
### National Parks
National parks cover about 5% of the total land area of the prefecture. They include:
* Towada-Hachimantai National Park
* Rikuchu Kaigan National Park

## Shrines and temples
*Tsutsukowake jinja* is the main Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of the prefecture.

The Buddhist temples of Hiraizumi include Chūson-ji and Mōtsū-ji. Hiraizumi was added to the World Heritage List in June 2011.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Iwate Museum of Art

## References 
## Other websites
* http://www.pref.iwate.jp/info.rbz?ik=1&nd=4334 ;
Maserati MC12

The **Maserati MC12** was a sports car that was built by the Maserati company from 2004 to 2005. There were only 50 cars that were produced. The MC12 was closely based on the Enzo Ferrari. The MC12 was succeeded by the Maserati MC12 Corsa in 2006.

## Other websites
*Maserati MC12 Stradale
Enoch Bartlett

**Enoch Bartlett** (1779–1860) was a farmer from Dorchester, Massachusetts.  

He bought Thomas Brewer's farm in Roxbury.  This farm had a field of pear trees, which he named after himself, as he did not know the fruit already had a name.

In 1828 a new batch of pear trees arrived from England, and it was realised that the Bartlett pear was the same as the Williams pear, but by this time the name had stuck, and is still the commonest name for this type of pear in Canada and the United States.
Williams pear

The '''Williams' bon chretien** pear, commonly called the **Williams** pear, or **Bartlett''' pear in the U.S. and Canada, is the most commonly grown variety of pear in most countries outside Asia.

It is a summer pear, not as tolerant of cold as some varieties. It is often eaten raw, but holds its shape well when baked, and is a common choice for canned or other processed pear uses.

## History
]]

The Williams pear is thought to date from 1765 to 1770 from the yard of an Aldermaston, England, schoolmaster named Mr. Stair or Mr. Wheeler, giving rise to the now-obscure names Aldermaston pear and Stairs pear. A nurseryman named Williams later acquired the variety, and introducing it to the rest of England, which is why the pear became known as the Williams Pear. However, the pear's full name is Williams' Bon Chretien, or "Williams' good Christian." 

## Pear Tree
Pear trees are typically in production for an average of 50 to 75 years, although some trees still produce fruit after 100 years.
**Height:** 15–20&nbsp;ft with slightly less spread. 
**Flowers:** White flowers grouped in a corymb. 
**Blooming Time:** April - May. 
**Fruit & Seeds:** Large, golden yellow skin, brownish red blush, classic shape with smooth, white flesh. Harvest from mid-August to mid-September. But depends on which side of the earths hemisphere the plant has been placed for harvest time. 
**Leaves:** The leaves are simple, glossy green leaves that alternate on the twig. They grow up to 3" long, are thick with slight midrib curves folding the edges inwards. They have fine teeth on the margin. 
**Elevation:** 1000 - 5000 Feet. 
**Habitat:** Orchards and landscaping.

### "A Canning Tradition"
While more pears are sold fresh in the U.S. than processed, Bartlett pears are the primary choice for canned halves, puree, and most pear juice and nectar in the U.S., comprising about two thirds of Bartlett production. Bartletts are traditionally known as the canning pear due to their "definitive flavor and sweetness," making them well-suited for many forms of processing.

### Poire Williams
The Williams pear is used in making Poire Williams, a colourless brandy.

## Notes
Bitmap

The term **Bitmap** can have different meanings:
*A suite of bits which all have the same meaning; commonly called bit array
*A binary image made of dots. Each dot is coded as a bit, so is either white or black.
*A different name for Raster graphics
*An abbreviation for the BMP file format
*A music group from England, called Bitmap (group)
Binary image

A **Binary image** is a kind of raster graphic image. Each pixel of the image can only one of two different values, usually black and white. For this reason, only one bit is needed per pixel. Most of the time, the value 0 is coded as white, and 1 is used for black. 

Binary images are used:
*in image processing, for example for edge detection or pattern recognition
*In newspaper printing
*In laser printers, and fax machines
The Faint

**The Faint** are an American indie rock band from Omaha, Nebraska.

They have made 6 albums in their career.
*Sine Sierra (As Norman Bailer) (1995)
*Media (1998)
*Blank-Wave Arcade (1999)
*Danse Macabre (2001)
*Wet From Birth (2004)
*Fasciinatiion (2008)
Hiroshima Prefecture

is a Japanese prefecture in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshu. The capital city is Hiroshima.

## History 
The area of Bingo Province and Aki Province were merged in Hiroshima Prefecture.

Hiroshima is a traditional center of the Chūgoku region and was the seat of the Mōri clan until the Battle of Sekigahara.

Hiroshima is home to two UNESCO World Heritage sites:
* Atomic Dome in Hiroshima, one of the few remnants of prewar Hiroshima following the atomic bombing in 1945
* Itsukushima Shrine in Miyajima, famed for appearing to "float" during high tide

## Geography 
Hiroshima faces Shikoku across the Seto Inland Sea. Hiroshima Bay opens on the Inland Sea.  The prefecture also includes many small islands.

Yamaguchi Prefecture is to the south and west of the prefecture Shimane Prefecture is to the northwest.  East of Hiroshima is Okayama Prefecture.

### National Parks
National Parks are established in about 4% of the total land area of the prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples
*Itsukushima jinja* is the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) in the prefecture.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Sanfrecce Hiroshima
* Hiroshima Toyo Carp

## References 
## Other websites
* [http://www.pref.hiroshima.lg.jp/site/english/ ]; [http://www.pref.hiroshima.lg.jp/ ]
* National Archives of Japan ... Hiroshima map (1891) 
* National Archives of Japan: *Itsukushima kakei,* illustrated scroll describing Itsukushima, text by Kaibara Ekiken (circa 1720)
United States Tennis Association

*United States Tennis Association*' (USTA) is the organization that controls tennis at the national level in the United States. It is a non-profit private organization formed in 1881 to standardize the rules of tennis. It is affiliated with the International Tennis Federation, which is the international governing body of tennis.

At present USTA has more than 700,000 members. Its aim is to promote and develop the game of tennis and to develop better infrastructure for tennis. The USTA runs the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the U.S. Open, the last grand slam of the year.

## References
Belizean Creole

**Kriol** is one of the languages spoken in Central America, mainly in Belize. It is not an official language but is spoken by about half a million people. Kriol is based on English and is similar to other Creole languages, like Miskito Coastal Creole, and Jamaican Patois.

## History 
Kriol is based mainly on English but is also influenced by other languages too, like the Native American language Misikito. It's also influenced by West African languages brought in by slaves, like Akan, Efik, Ewe, Fula, Ga, Hausa, Igbo, Kikongo and Wolof.

There are some theories about the way Creole languages form, but one of them is that it was because of contact with English landowners and their slaves, and Kriol was created to make sure they could communicate at least a little bit.

Today, Kriol is the first or second language of most of the people living in Belize, and a lot of them speak English as well.

## References
Ice Age (2002 movie)

***Ice Age*** is a 2002 American computer-animated comedy-drama movie. It was produced by John C. Donkin and Lori Forte and was directed by Chris Wedge. The movie was released on March 15, 2002.

The movie was welcomed by film critics which praised its story, humor, characters, emotional weight, voice cast performance (especially those of Leguizamo and Leary), David Newman's musical score and the ending.

The movie currently has four sequels, *Ice Age: The Meltdown* (2006), *Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs* (2009), *Ice Age: Continental Drift* (2012), and *Ice Age: Collision Course* (2016). There has also been a Christmas special, Easter special and a series of short movies revolving around the comic relief character in the movies.

## Plot 
A herd of prehistoric creatures are migrating to avoid a forthcoming ice age. Sid, a clumsy ground sloth, is left behind by his family and chases the herd by himself, but is attacked by an angry pair of brontotheres after he ruins their meal.

## Cast
The characters are all prehistoric animals. The animals can talk to and understand each other.

*Ray Romano as Manny, a Mammuthus.
*John Leguizamo as Sid, a ground sloth.
*Denis Leary as Diego, a Smilodon.
*Goran Višnjić as Soto, a Smilodon.
*Jack Black as Zeke, a Smilodon.
*Cedric the Entertainer as Carl, a brontothere.
*Stephen Root as:
**Frank, a brontothere.
**The angry and poor start, a hybrid of a elephant, a rhino, a tapir, and a hippo.
*Diedrich Bader as Oscar, a Smilodon.
*Alan Tudyk as:
**Lenny, a Homotherium.
**A dodo.
**A freaky mammal.
*Lorri Bagley as Jennifer, a female Megalonyx.
*Jane Krakowski as Rachel, another female Megalonyx.
*Peter Ackerman as:
**Another dodo.
**Another freaky mammal (Macrauchenia).
*P. J. Benjamin as another dodo.
*Chris Wedge as:
**Another dodo.
**Scrat, a saber-toothed squirrel. 
*Josh Hamilton as:
**Another dodo.
**An aardvark.
*Denny Dillon and Mitzi McCall as two Glyptodons.
*Tara Strong as:
**An little start,  a hybrid of a elephant, a rhino, a tapir, and a hippo.
**Roshan, an infant.

## Related pages
**Ice Age: The Meltdown*
**Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs*
**Ice Age: Continental Drift*
**Ice Age: Collision Course*
**Ice Age: Boiling Point*

## References
## Other websites
*Ice Age's Official website 
*
*
Frances McDormand

**Frances McDormand** (born June 23, 1957) is an American movie, television and stage actress. She won the Academy Award for "Best Actress" for her portrayal of Marge in 1996's *Fargo*. She was  three times for "Best Supporting Actress". McDormand was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is married to Joel Coen since 1984 and has two adopted sons. They currently live in New York City.

## References
Jackie Collins

**Jacqueline Jill "Jackie" Collins**  OBE (4 October 1937 &ndash; 19 September 2015) was an English-American novelist. She wrote 32 novels, all of which have been on the *New York Times* bestsellers list. In total, her books have sold over 400 million copies and have been translated into 40 languages. Eight of the books were made into movies or television mini-series.

She died on 19 September 2015 of breast cancer in Beverly Hills, California, aged 77. 

She was the younger sister of Joan Collins.

## References
Red-shouldered macaw

The **red-shouldered macaw** (*Diopsittaca nobilis*) is a species of parrot. There are three sub-species. They are green with red shoulder flashes. 
 
The birds are sometimes sold as pets. The are smaller than most macaws, and bond well with humans. They are intelligent birds, so many people keep them as companion animals. They are from South America, and eat fruits, nuts, and seeds.

It is native to the tropical lowlands, savannah, and swamplands of Venezuela, the Guianas, Bolivia and Brazil. It has two distinct subspecies, the **noble macaw** and '''Hahn's macaw'''.

The red-shouldered macaw nests in a hole in a tree. There are usually three or four white eggs in a clutch. The female incubates the eggs for about 24 to 26 days, and the chicks fledge from the nest about 54 days after hatching.

## References
Arthur Christmas

***Arthur Christmas*** (originally called ***Operation Rudolph***) is a 2011 computer-animated comedy-drama movie that was produced by Steve Pegram and was directed by Sarah Smith and Barry Cook. *Arthur Christmas* was released on November 11, 2011 in the United Kingdom and on November 23, 2011 in North America.

## Cast 
*James McAvoy as Arthur
*Hugh Laurie as Steve
*Jim Broadbent as Santa
*Bill Nighy as Grandsanta
*Imelda Staunton as Mrs. Santa
*Ashley Jensen as Byrony

## Other websites 
*Arthur Christmas' Official website
*
Arm wrestling

**Arm wrestling** is a sport with two players. Each player places one arm, on a surface. They use either their right or left depending on if they are right or left handed, with their elbows bent and touching the surface, and they grip each other's hand. The goal is to pin the other's arm onto the surface, with the winner's arm over the loser's arm.

## Description
Many things can play a part in a player's success in arm wrestling. Skill and overall arm strength are the two greatest contributing things to winning an arm wrestling match. Other things such as the length of an arm wrestler's arm, his/her muscle and arm mass/density, hand grip size, wrist endurance and flexibility, reaction time, as well as countless other traits, can add to the advantages of one arm wrestler over another. It is sometimes used to prove who is stronger between two or more people.

Some people arm wrestle in contests. In the United States of America, contests are held by the United States Armwrestling Federation, also called the USAF. The World Armwrestling Federation, also called the WAF, has more than 85 member countries.

## Avoiding injury 
 to stop the match.]]

Arm wrestling puts enormous pressure/twist on the upper arm's humerus bone to a degree seen in few other physical activities. Most people's bones are not used to being so stressed in this way, and injuries can occur surprisingly easily. The arm typically fails because of a diagonal break at or below the midpoint between the shoulder and the elbow.

The natural tendency of an inexperienced arm wrestler is to push the hand, wrist, and shoulder in the same coordinated direction, against the force being applied by the opponent. This is how we throw a baseball or hit a tennis ball.

However, turning one's shoulder this way simply adds to the pressure already being applied to the humerus by the opponent. US Arm Sports advises of the danger of "letting your shoulder get inside your hand." It is better to pivot your shoulders so that you never look away from your hand.

If the tendons and ligaments are too weak to support the pressure, the muscles can cause a complete tendon blow (pop). However, tendons can be strengthened with many methods. When tendons are in pain, they require blood so they can heal faster. Doctors and arm wrestlers recommend doing rehabilitation training or therapy, exercising with light weights and many repetitions for 30 - 45 minutes non-stop to pump the blood into arms. Tendons can get bigger with time, though it is a very slow process. Experienced arm wrestlers can have tendons 3 to 4 times bigger than average people.

## Notes
*The Ultimate Armwrestling League is the ONLY league for Armwrestling in the United States. 
*MYARMTV is the largest source of Armwrestling videos in the world. 

## Other websites 
*WORLD ARMWRESTLING FEDERATION (WAF)
*Asian Armwrestling Federation (AAF)(Facebook)
*European Armwrestling Federation (EAF)
*United States Armwrestling Federation
*The Ultimate Armwrestling League 
*Arm Wrestling World Wide
It Happened One Night

***It Happened One Night*** is a 1934 comedy movie that was produced by Frank Capra and Harry Cohn and was directed by Frank Capra. The movie was released on February 22, 1934 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving the movie a 97% which is certified "fresh". The movie also won all five of the major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay), making it the first movie to do so.

## Cast 
*Clark Gable as Peter Warne
*Claudette Colbert as Ellie Andrews
*Walter Connolly as Alexander Andrews
*Roscoe Karns as Oscar Shapeley
*Jameson Thomas as "King" Westley
*Alan Hale as Danker
*Arthur Hoyt as Zeke
*Blanche Friderici as Zeke's wife
*Charles C. Wilson as Joe Gordon

## Other websites 
*It Happened One Night at TMC Movie Database
* 
*
Adam Foote

**Adam David Vernon Foote** (born July 10, 1971 in Whitby, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman that played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) most notably with the Quebec Nordiques/Colorado Avalanche organizations. Foote played his last NHL game on April 10, 2011 with the Avalanche in a 4-3 OT win and was awarded the first star of the game. He won a gold medal with Team Canada in the 2002 Winter Olympics.

On January 22, 2023, the Vancouver Canucks hired Foote to be an assistant coach under head coach Rick Tocchet.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Clay County

**Clay County** is the name of 18 counties in the United States.

* Clay County, Alabama
* Clay County, Arkansas
* Clay County, Florida
* Clay County, Georgia
* Clay County, Illinois
* Clay County, Indiana
* Clay County, Iowa
* Clay County, Kansas
* Clay County, Kentucky
* Clay County, Minnesota
* Clay County, Mississippi
* Clay County, Missouri
* Clay County, Nebraska
* Clay County, North Carolina
* Clay County, South Dakota
* Clay County, Tennessee
* Clay County, Texas
* Clay County, West Virginia
You Can't Take It With You (movie)

'''''You Can't Take It With You''''' is a 1938 comedy movie that was produced by Frank Capra and was also directed by Frank Capra. The movie was released on August 23, 1938 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving the movie a 96% which is certified "fresh". The movie also won two Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director for Frank Capra.

## Cast 
*Jean Arthur as Alice Sycamore
*Lionel Barrymore as Grandpa Martin Vanderhof
*James Stewart as Tony Kirby
*Edward Arnold as Anthony P. Kirby
*Mischa Auer as Boris Kolenkhov
*Ann Miller as Essie Carmichael
*Spring Byington as Penny Sycamore
*Samuel S. Hinds as Paul Sycamore
*Donald Meek as Poppins
*H. B. Warner as Ramsey
*Halliwell Hobbes as DePinna
*Dub Taylor as Ed Carmichael
*Mary Forbes as Mrs. Anthony P. Kirby
*Lillian Yarbo as Rheba
*Eddie Anderson as Donald
*Charles Lane as Wilbur G. Henderson
*Harry Davenport as the Night Court Judge
*Ian Wolfe as A.P. Kirby's secretary (uncredited)
*Ward Bond as detective (uncredited)
*Arthur Murray (uncredited)

## Other websites 
*You Can't Take It With You at TMC Movie Database 
*
*
Clay County, Alabama

**Clay County** is a county of the US state of Alabama.   As of 2020 the population was 14,236.  Its county seat is Ashland. It is a prohibition or dry county, which means alcoholic drinks cannot be sold, except in the cities of Ashland and Lineville.

## History
Clay County was formed on December 7, 1866 from land taken from Randolph and Talladega County. Its name is in honor of Henry Clay, famous American statesman, member of the United States Senate from Kentucky and United States Secretary of State.  Clay County is one of only three counties in Alabama to have no U.S. Highways in its boundaries.

During the Desert Shield/Storm conflict, Clay County had more soldiers serving per capita than any other county in the United States.

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.3%) is water.

### Major highways
* State Route 9
* State Route 48
* State Route 49
* State Route 77

### Rail
*CSX Transportation
*Norfolk Southern Railway

### Border counties
*Cleburne County, Alabama – north
*Randolph County, Alabama – east
*Tallapoosa County, Alabama – south
*Coosa County, Alabama – southwest
*Talladega County, Alabama – west

### National protected area
*Talladega National Forest (part)

## Cities and towns
*Ashland
*Lineville

## Notable natives
*Hugo Black (1886–1971), born in Harlan, served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1937 until 1971
*LaFayette L. Patterson (1888–1987), born near Delta, served three terms in the U.S. Congress from 1928 to 1933
*Byron Lavoy Cockrell (1935–2007), born in Lineville, rocket scientist and engineer
*Bob Riley (b. 1944), Alabama's 52nd governor, native of Ashland

## Places of interest
Clay County is home to parts of Cheaha State Park in the Talladega National Forest and Lake Wedowee on the eastern boundary. The Pinhoti Trail system  weaves its way through the Talladega National Forest to Mt. Cheaha, the highest point in Alabama. Hikers along the trail may see some of the local wildlife, including whitetail deer, wild turkey, and the rare bald eagle.

## References
Téa Leoni

**Elizabeth Téa Pantaleoni** (born February 25, 1966), better known by her stage name **Téa Leoni**, is an American actress. She has acted in many movies. These include: *Bad Boys*, *Deep Impact*, *The Family Man*, *Jurassic Park III*, *Fun with Dick and Jane*, *Spanglish*, *Ghost Town* and *Tower Heist*.

Leoni was married to David Duchovny from 1997 until 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*
Crop milk

is fed on crop milk.]]

**Crop milk** is a way of feeding from the crop of parent birds, by regurgitating to young birds. They are found among all pigeons and doves where they are referred to as **pigeon milk**. Crop milk is also produced by flamingos and even some penguins.

## References
All Quiet on the Western Front (movie)

***All Quiet on the Western Front*** is a 1930 American war movie that was produced by Carl Laemmle, Jr. It was  directed by Lewis Milestone. The movie was released on April 21, 1930 in North America. The movie received positive reviews.  Rotten Tomatoes gives the movie a 97% which is certified as "fresh". The movie also won two Academy Awards for "Best Picture" and "Best Director" for Lewis Milestone. The movie is also ranked #54 on the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies list. The movie is based on the novel, *All Quiet on the Western Front*.

## Cast 
*Richard Alexander as Westhus
*Ben Alexander as Franz Kemmerich
*Lew Ayres as Paul Bäumer
*William Bakewell as Albert Kropp
*Edmund Breese as Herr Meyer
*G. Pat Collins as Lieutenant Bertinck
*Owen Davis, Jr. as Peter
*Russell Gleason as Müller
*Harold Goodwin as Detering
*Scott Kolk as Leer
*Arnold Lucy as Professor Kantorek
*Beryl Mercer as Mrs. Bäumer, Paul's mother
*Walter E. Rogers as Behn
*Slim Summerville as Tjaden
*Louis Wolheim as Stanislaus Katczinsky
*John Wray as Himmelstoss
*Arthur Gardner as Student

## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Lilies of the Field (movie)

***Lilies of the Field*** is a 1963 drama movie that was produced by Ralph Nelson and was also directed by Ralph Nelson. The movie was released in 1963 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving the movie a 100% which is certified "fresh". The movie also won an Academy Award for Best Actor for Sidney Poitier.

## Cast 
*Sidney Poitier - Homer Smith
*Lilia Skala - Mother Maria
*Lisa Mann - Sister Gertrude
*Isa Crino - Sister Agnes
*Francesca Jarvis - Sister Albertine
*Pamela Branch - Sister Elizabeth
*Stanley Adams - Juan
*Dan Frazer - Father Murphy

## Other websites 
*
*
*Lilies of the Field at TMC Movie Database
Eared dove

The **Eared Dove**,  ***Zenaida auriculata***, is a New World tropical dove. It is seen throughout South America from Colombia to southern Argentina and Chile, and on the offshore islands from the Grenadines southwards. It appears to be partly migratory, but it may only be when it needs more food. When it lays its eggs, it builds a small stick nest several meters up in a tree.

It is a close relative of the North American Mourning Dove.

## References
Socorro dove

The **Socorro dove** (*Zenaida graysoni*) is a dove that was endemic to Socorro Island on the west coast of Mexico. The last bird was seen there in 1972. For this reason, IUCN has classified the species as extinct in the wild. In captivity, there are not more than about 200 and probably fewer than 100 purebred birds. Because of this, a reintroduction program is being prepared.

It is a close relative of the mourning and eared doves. It was at one time considered a subspecies of the mourning dove.

## References 
## Sources
* BirdLife International (BLI) (2007). Socorro Dove-BirdLife Species Factsheet . Retrieved 2007-NOV-24.
* Johnson, Kevin P. & Clayton, Dale H. (2000). A Molecular Phylogeny of the Dove Genus *Zenaida*: Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA sequences. *Condor* **102**(4): 864–870. PDF fulltext 
* Schmechel, Ria (2006). Socorro Dove  at World Associations of Zoos and Aquariums. Retrieved 2015-JAN-27.
Morehead State University

**Morehead State University** is a public, co-educational university in Morehead, Kentucky. The university has about 9,509 students. It was founded in 1887. The current president of the university is Dr. Wayne D. Andrews.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Eagles. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in the Ohio Valley Conference.

## Other websites
*Morehead State University's Official website
*Morehead State Eagles' Official athletics website
University of Montana

**University of Montana** is a public university in Missoula, Montana. The university has about 15,642 students. It was founded in 1893. The current president of the university is Royce Engstrom. University of Montana's ranking in the 2022 edition of Best Colleges is National Universities, #277. Its in-state tuition and fees are $7,492; out-of-state tuition and fees are $28,252.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Grizzlies except for the women's basketball team, which is called the Lady Griz. They have 14 varsity teams and they compete in the Big Sky Conference.

## References
## Other websites
*University of Montana – Missoula's Official website
*Montana Grizzlies' Official athletics website
Northern Arizona University

**Northern Arizona University** is a public university in Flagstaff, Arizona. The university has about 22,204 students. It was founded in 1899. The current president of the university is José Luis Cruz Rivera.

## Sports
The men's athletics teams of the university are called the Lumberjacks. They have 15 varsity teams and they compete in the Big Sky Conference.

## Other websites
*Northern Arizona University's Official website 
*Northern Arizona Lumberjacks' Official athletics website
Big Sky Conference

The **Big Sky Conference** is a NCAA conference that play in the NCAA Division I. The conference is headquartered in Ogden, Utah and features universities and colleges from the Western United States. In football, the league plays in the second-level Division I FCS.

## Members
As of the 2017–18 school year, the Big Sky has 12 full members, or schools that play almost all of their sports in the conference. Of these schools, only Idaho does not play football in the conference. Its team in that sport plays in the top-level Division I FBS as a single-sport member of the Sun Belt Conference.

After the full Sun Belt members decided not to renew their football membership contract with Idaho when it expired after the 2017 season, Idaho decided to downgrade its football program to the FCS level and return to Big Sky football in 2018.

North Dakota left the non-football side of the Big Sky to join the Summit League, home to many of its traditional rivals, in 2018. The school's football team will join the Missouri Valley Football Conference in 2020. It played the 2018 season as an FCS independent (not in a conference), and will do so again in 2019. However, North Dakota still plays a full Big Sky football schedule, and games against North Dakota count in the Big Sky standings for other conference members.

## Associate members
The Big Sky has four "associate" members that play only one sport in the conference.

## References
*
Sean Bergenheim

**Sean Bergenheim** (born February 8, 1984 in Helsinki, Finland) is a professional Finnish ice hockey left winger that currently plays for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the New York Islanders with the 22nd overall pick in the 2002 NHL Draft.

He also played with the New York Islanders for 7 seasons before signing a one-year contract with the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 2009–10 offseason. He played for the Lightning for 1 season and was signed to a four-year contract worth $11 million with the Florida Panthers. He played in the FNL for Jokerit where he played three seasons and in the SEL for the Frölunda HC for one season.

## References
## Other websites
*
University of Northern Colorado

The **University of Northern Colorado** is a public, coeducational university in Greeley, Colorado. The university has about 12,358 students. It was founded in 1889. The current president of the university is Andy Feinstein.

## Sports
The men's athletics teams of the university are called the Bears. They have 15 varsity teams, almost all competing in the Big Sky Conference. The exceptions are three sports not sponsored by the Big Sky. Baseball plays in the Summit League, women's swimming & diving in the Western Athletic Conference, and men's wrestling in the Big 12 Conference.

## Other websites
*University of Northern Colorado's Official website
*Northern Colorado Bears' Official athletics website
Montana State University

**Montana State University – Bozeman** is a public university in Bozeman, Montana. The university has about 13,559 students. It was founded in 1893. The current president of the university is Waded Cruzado.

## Sports
The men's athletics teams of the university are called the Bobcats. They have 15 varsity teams and they compete in the Big Sky Conference.

## Other websites
*Montana State University – Bozeman's Official website
*Montana State Bobcats' Official athletics website
California State University, Sacramento

**California State University, Sacramento**, also known as **Sacramento State University**, is a public university in Sacramento, California. The university has about 29,241 students. It was founded on September 22, 1947. The current president of the university is Alexander Gonzalez.

## Sports
The men's and women's sports teams of the university are called the Hornets. They have 21 varsity teams, almost all of which play in the Big Sky Conference. The baseball team plays in the Western Athletic Conference, and the women's rowing team is in the American Athletic Conference.

## Other websites
*California State University, Sacramento's Official website
*Sacramento State Hornets' Official athletics website
Hofstra University

**Hofstra University** is a private university in Hempstead, New York. The university has about 12,400 students. It was founded in 1935. The current president of the university is Susan Poser.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Pride. They have 15 varsity teams and they compete in the Colonial Athletic Association.

## Other websites
*Hofstra University's Official website
*Hofstra Pride's Official athletics website
Virginia Commonwealth University

{{Infobox university
|name            =Virginia Commonwealth University
|native_name     =
|image_name      =
|caption         =The Egyptian Building which is one of the oldest buildings on the campus.
|latin_name      =
|motto           =
|tagline         =
|established     =1838
|type            =Public university
|endowment       =US$ 280.7 million 
|staff           =18,657
|faculty         =2,963
|students        =32,303  
|fightsong       =
|nickname        =Rams
|athletics       =NCAA Division I, Atlantic 10, 16 varsity teams
|mascot          = Rodney the Ram
|affiliations    =
|website         =www.vcu.edu
|address         =
|publictransit   =
|telephone       =
|coor            = 
|footnotes       = All enrollment figures are as of Fall 2010
}}
**Virginia Commonwealth University** is a public university in Richmond, Virginia. The university has about 32,436 students. It was founded in 1838. The current president of the university is Michael Rao, Ph.D.  It came from a merger between the Richmond Professional Institute and the Medical College of Virginia in 1968. It has over 32,000 students. It is classified as having very high research activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Rams. They have 16 varsity teams that compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference.

## References
## Other websites
*Virginia Commonwealth University's Official website
*VCU Rams' Official athletics website
George Mason University

**George Mason University** (also known as GMU or "Mason") is a public university in Fairfax, Virginia. The university has about 32,562 students. It was founded in 1957. The current president of the university is Gregory Washington.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Patriots. They have 22 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference (A10). Mason has different conference memberships in two sports that the A10 does not sponsor. The men's volleyball team plays in the Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association, and the wrestling team is a member of the Eastern Wrestling League.

## Other websites
*George Mason University's Official website
*George Mason Patriots' Official athletics website
Georgia State University

**Georgia State University** is a public university in Atlanta, Georgia. The university has about 31,533 students. It was founded in 1913. The current president of the university is Mark P. Becker.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Panthers. They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Sun Belt Conference.

## Other websites
*Georgia State University's Official website
*Georgia State Panthers' Official athletics website
James Madison University

**James Madison University** is a public university in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The university has about 18,971 students. It was founded in 1908. The current president of the university is Dr. Linwood H. Rose.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Dukes. They have 19 recognized varsity teams, six for men and 13 for women, with almost all competing in the Sun Belt Conference.

## Other websites
*James Madison University's Official website
*James Madison Dukes' Official athletics website
Northeastern University

**Northeastern University** is a private university in Boston, Massachusetts. The university has about 20,749 students. It was founded in 1898. The current president of the university is Joseph Aoun.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Huskies. They have 17 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Colonial Athletic Association. The men's and women's ice hockey teams play in Hockey East.

## Other websites
*Northeastern University's Official website
*Northeastern Huskies' Official athletics website
Béarnaise sauce

**Béarnaise sauce** ()  is a sauce made of clarified butter, egg yolks, and  herbs.  It is considered to be a 'child' of the mother Hollandaise sauce, one of the five mother sauces in French haute cuisine. The difference is only in their flavouring: Béarnaise uses shallot, chervil, peppercorn, and tarragon, while Hollandaise uses lemon juice.

In appearance it is light yellow and opaque, smooth and creamy.

Béarnaise is a traditional sauce for steak.

## History
Although a similar recipe was published in 1818, Béarnaise sauce was likely first created by the chef Collinet, the inventor of puffed potatoes (), and served at the 1836 opening of *Le Pavillon Henri IV*, a restaurant at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, not far from Paris. Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that the restaurant was named for Henry IV of France, a gourmet himself, who was born in the former province of Béarn.

## Preparation

A Béarnaise sauce is simply clarified butter, an egg yolk, a shallot, a little tarragon vinegar. It takes years of practice for the result to be perfect.

Like Hollandaise sauce, there are several methods for the preparation of Béarnaise sauce.  Please refer to the Preparation section of that article for basics.  Here we highlight the differences.

The most common preparation is a *Bain-marie* method where a reduction of vinegar is used to acidify the yolks.  Escoffier  Alternatively, the flavourings may be added to a finished Hollandaise (*sans* lemon juice).

## Derivatives of Béarnaise sauce
*Sauce Choron is a variation of béarnaise without tarragon or chervil, plus added tomato purée.  It is named after Alexandre Étienne Choron.
*Sauce Foyot (a.k.a. Valois) is béarnaise with meat glaze (Glace de Viande) added.
**Sauce Colbert is Sauce Foyot with the addition of reduced white wine.
*Sauce Paloise is a version of béarnaise with mint substituted for tarragon.

## Mis-association
Béarnaise sauce is often wrongly called *Bernaise sauce*, as if it were from *Bern*, the capital city of Switzerland, which is in no way connected with this sauce or its origins.

Some assume Béarnaise refers to the Béarn region, a former province now in the *département* of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in southwestern Franceto refer to the region of Béarn has the name honouring Henri IV of France, a native of Béarn, and for whom the restaurant where the sauce was first shown was named.  Henri IV was often known as le Grand Béarnais

### A la béarnaise 
Some recipes are called à la béarnaise even when they are not accompanied by a Béarnaise sauce.  This is because the recipes themselves are linked to the Béarn region.  This added to confusion over the naming of the sauce.

## Notes
## References
* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

## Other websites
*Béarnaise sauce from the British Good Food TV channel
*Blender Béarnaise sauce recipe
*Grilled New York Steak with Béarnaise Sauce
Old Dominion University

**Old Dominion University** (ODU) is a public university in Norfolk, Virginia. The university has about 24,125 students. It was founded in 1930. The current president of the university is John R. Broderick.
## Center for Teacher Quality and Education Leadership
In 2006, ODU started the Center to "“train teachers for success in urban school environments.” The Center connects communities with ODU's Program for Research and Evaluation in Public Schools (PREPS). PREPS helps schools comply with the No Child Left Behind Act. Both the Center and PREPS are parts of the Darden College of Education.

Phillip A. Hamilton was Vice Chairman of the Appropriations Committee of the Virginia House of Delegates. Hamilton and three other people wanted the part-time job of leading the center. Prosecutors used Hamilton's emails to show how his job was tied to the budget increase. On August 12, 2011, Hamilton was sentenced to 114 months in prison.

## Sports
The sports teams of the university are called the Monarchs (men, plus most women's teams) and Lady Monarchs (historically used for women's teams, but today only for women's basketball). They have 18 varsity teams. most of which compete in the Sun Belt Conference (SBC). Four ODU women's sports and one men's sport play in other conferences because the SBC does not have enough teams in those sports to run a league. Women's field hockey plays in the Big East Conference, women's lacrosse and rowing in the American Athletic Conference, women's swimming & diving in Conference USA (which had been ODU's full-time home from 2013 to 2022), and men's swimming & diving in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association.

## References
## Other websites
*Old Dominion University's Official website
*Old Dominion Monarchs' Official athletics website
Towson University

**Towson University** (TU) is a public university in Towson, Maryland. The university has about 20,856 students. It was founded in 1866. The current president of the university is Mark R. Ginsberg.

## History
It started in Baltimore as **State Norman School** in 1866.  TU moved to Towson in 1915. In 1935, the name was changed to **State Teachers College at Towson** because Maryland opened more colleges.  In 1963, TU became **Towson State College**. In 1976 the name changed to **Towson State University**. Finally, in 1997, it became Towson University.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Tigers. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in the Colonial Athletic Association.
## References
## Other websites
*Towson University's Official website
*Towson Tigers' Official athletics website
University of North Carolina Wilmington

The **University of North Carolina Wilmington** is a public, coeducational university in Wilmington, North Carolina. The university has about 16,000 students. It was founded in 1947. The current chancellor of the university is Aswani K. Volety.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Seahawks. They have 19 varsity teams and they compete in the Coastal Athletic Association.

## Notable people 
Faculty include Herbert Berg, philosophy and religion.

## Other websites
*University of North Carolina Wilmington's Official website
*UNCW Seahawks' Official athletics website
Şebnem Sönmez

**Şebnem Sönmez** (full name Tevhide Şebnem Sönmez, born June 5, 1968) in Istanbul, Turkey. She is a Turkish theatre and cinema actress.

## Professional life
Sönmez started to develop her experience of playing in a theatre in Istanbul Pendik Youth Theatre while she was a student in high school. Sönmez took part in the theatre plays at the Kartal Art Theatre and Taner Barlas Mim Theatre. After completing her diploma from Istanbul State Conservatory, she worked at Dormen Theatre.  Sönmez made appearances in numerous television series and continued her theatre experience at Besiktas Cultural Center. She taught theatre in kindergarten, primary and high school. While she was teaching in a school as a grade teacher, she founded a theatre group named *"Yaz Tiyatrosu"* (Summer Theatre) in her school and she continued her acting.

### Plays
*Bana Mastikayı Çalsana
*Cimri
*Ben Anadolu
*Sen Hiç Ateş Böceği Gördün mü?
*Le Balkon

### Movies
*Aşk Tesadüfleri Sever - 2011
*Beş Şehir - 2009
*İyi Seneler Londra - 2007
*Döngel Karhanesi - 2005
*Abdülhamit Düşerken - 2002
*Vizontele - 2000

### Television
*Acemi Müezzin (TV) - 2009
*Elveda Rumeli (TV) - 2007
*Bir Demet Tiyatro (TV) - 2006
*Erkekler Ağlamaz (TV) - 2006
*Sen misin Değil misin? (TV) - 2005
*Perili Ev (TV) - 2004
*Avrupa Yakası (TV) (konuk oyuncu, 2 bölüm) - 2004
*Çarli İş Başında (TV) - 2000
*Güneş Yanıkları (TV) - 2000
*Yedi Numara (TV) - 2000
*Dış Kapının Mandalları (TV) - 1998
*Bir Demet Tiyatro (TV) - 1997
*Yaz Evi (TV) - 1993
## Personal life
Şebnem Sönmez was married to Olgun Şimşek.

## Award nominations 
*Yesilcam Awards - 2010 - Nominated - Best Supporting Actress in Bes Sehir (2009)

## References