open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Streaplers

**Streaplers** is a dansband from the town of Mölndal in Sweden. It was established in 1959.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Sarah Bolger

**Sarah Bolger** (born 28 February 1991) is an Irish actress who stars primarily in movies. She played Christy in the movie *In America*. She was also in *Stormbreaker*. Her most famous role is Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII in "The Tudors". She portrayed Princess Aurora in season two and three of Once Upon A Time. Sarah was born in Dublin, Ireland.

## References
Judson Mills

**Judson Mills** (born May 10, 1969 in Washington, DC) is an American actor. He played 'Francis Gage' in the 1990s television series, *Walker, Texas Ranger*.
ViSalus

**ViSalus** is a health and fitness products company that sells weight-management products, energy drinks, and nutritional supplements. The company is headquartered in Los Angeles, CA and Troy, MI and is majority-owned by Blyth, Inc. ViSalus' Chief Marketing Officer is Blake Mallen and Ryan Blair is the Chief Executive Officer.

## History
In 2005, Blake Mallen, Ryan Blair, and Miamian Nick Sarnicola founded ViSalus.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chips (band)

**Chips** was a country and schlager group from Sweden. It was active from 1979 to 1983. When consisting of Elisabeth Andreassen and Kikki Danielsson, the group represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 with the song *Dag efter dag*, finishing eighth.

## Members
*Britta Johansson (1979–1981)
*Elisabeth Andreassen (1980–1983)
*Kikki Danielsson (1979–1983)
*Lasse Holm (1979–1981, songwriter-only from 1982)

## Svensktoppen songs
*"Mycké, mycké mer" (1980)
*"High School" (1980)
*"Här kommer solen" (1982)
*"Dag efter dag" (1982)

## Discography
### Albums
*Chips (1980)
*Having a Party (1982)
*20 bästa låtar (1997 compilation album)

### Singles
*''Mycke' mycke' mer*/*Can't Get over You* (1980)
**God morgon*/*It Takes More than a Minute* (1981)
**Dag efter dag*/*Här kommer solen'' (1982)

## References
Wizex

**Wizex** is a dansband from Sweden. It was established in 1973. With Kikki Danielsson as vocalist, the band participated att Melodifestivalen in 1978 with the song *Miss Decibel*, finishing second behind the Björn Skifs song *Det blir alltid värre framåt natten*.

## Discography
### Albums
**Skratta och le* (1974)
**Rusar vidare* (1975)
**Har du glömt* (1976)
**Wizex bäzta* (1976)
**Som en sång* (1977)
**Miss Decibel* (1978)
**Carousel* (1978)
**Some Girls & Trouble Boys* (1979)
**Greatest Hits* (1980)
**You Treated Me Wrong* (1980)
**Nattfjäril* (1982)
**Julie* (1983)
**Det är dej jag väntar på* (1984)
**Ska du komma loss* (1985)
**Dansa i månens sken* (1987)
**Mjölnarens Irene* (1988)
**Vägen hem* (1989)
**Spanska ögon* (1990)
**Musik Paraden* (1991)
**Jag kan se en ängel* (1992)
**Jag måste ge mej av* (1992)
**Vår hemmagjorda dansmusik* (1993)
**Julafton hemma* (1993)
**Wizex med Lena Pålsson & Kikki Danielsson* (1995)
**Varma vindar* (1995)
**Några enkla rader* (1997)
**Jorden snurrar* (1997)
**Samma ensamma jag* (1997)
**Mot nya mål* (1998)
**20 Bästa* (1998)
**JubileumsDans* (1998)
**Take Me to Your Heaven* (1999)
**Place de Trocadero* (1999)
**Tusen och en natt* (1999)
**Om du var här* (2000)
**Guldkorn* (2002)
**Wizexponerad* (2006)
* *Innan det är för sent* (2010)
**Simsalabim* (2012)
**Morgonsol* (?)
**12 favoritlåtar* (?)
**Bugga loss till Wizex* (?)

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale

***PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale*** is a crossover fighting video game for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita game consoles. It was developed by SuperBot Entertainment and published by Sony Computer Entertainment America. It was released in North America on November 20, 2012, in Europe on November 21, 2012, and in Japan on January 31, 2013.

## Gameplay
The game plays similar to Nintendo's *Super Smash Bros.* series. The point of the game is to beat the character(s) you are fighting by knocking them off of the stage. During a match, players can collect orbs that are in a stage. Collecting orbs builds up a power meter that is at the bottom of the screen. When a player is hit, their meter goes down. When the meter is full, the player can use one of three very powerful attacks that can be used to beat opponents and get points. Up to four players can battle with characters from Sony's video games, including *God of War*, *Sly Cooper* and *PaRappa the Rapper*.

### Characters
;Notes
: These characters can be downloaded for free from the PlayStation Store. They are not available from the start.

### Items
There are many different items from Sony's different series that can be picked up and used by players. They can be used by players to do better in the match or hurt opponents.

### Stages
There are 14 stages in the game. Each stage is based on a combination of two games. For example, the stage "Stowaways" is based on the games *Uncharted* and *Bioshock Infinite*.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Poppy Montgomery

**Poppy Montgomery** (born 19 June 1972) is an Australian actress. She is best known for playing Samantha Spade on the television series *Without a Trace*. She acts mostly on television but has done a small number of movies. She played Caroline Tate in *The Other Sister* in 1999. Montgomery was born in Sydney.

## References
Ethel Merman

**Ethel Merman** (born Ethel Agnes Zimmermann; January 16, 1908 – February 15, 1984) was an American actress and singer. She was known for her powerful voice and roles in musical theatre. She was the first to sing many famous Broadway songs. "There's No Business Like Show Business" became her theme song.

One of Merman's best remembered performances was as the stage mother in *Gypsy*. Merman was nominated for a Tony Award. She lost to her close friend Mary Martin in *The Sound of Music*. Rosalind Russell was given the role in the movie. Merman said it was "The greatest professional disappointment of my life.".

## Personal life
Merman was married and divorced four times:
#William Smith, theatrical agent (1940–1941)
#Robert Levitt, a newspaper executive (1941–1952)
#Robert Six, President, Continental Airlines (1953–1960)
#Ernest Borgnine, the actor, in 1964. Merman filed for divorce 32 days later.

Merman had two children with Levitt: Ethel (born July 20, 1942), and Robert, Jr. (born August 11, 1945). Ethel Levitt died on August 23, 1967, of an accidental drug overdose. Merman's son was married to actress Barbara Colby. She was shot and killed for no known motive in Los Angeles in 1975.

Time on My Hands (1932).webm|thumbtime=270|start=270|end=448|*Time on My Hands* (1932)

## References
Arvingarna

**Arvingarna** is a dansband from the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. It was established in 1989. The band represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 1993 with the song *Eloise*, finishing seventh.

## Discography 
* 1992 - *Coola killar*
* 1993 - *Eloise*
* 1994 - *Tjejer*
* 1995 - *För alltid*
* 1996 - *Nu & då*
* 1997 - *Nya spår*
* 1998 - *Airplane*
* 1999 - *Lime*
* 2001 - *Diamanter*
* 2002 - *Collection*
* 2005 - *8*
* 2007 - *All Included*
* 2009 - *Underbart*
* 2009 - *"Arvingarna upp till dans"*
* 2013 - *"Änglar och en massa kärlek"*

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Point mutation

A **point mutation** is a *single base substitution*. It is the smallest type of mutation possible.

In a point mutation, either:
#a single base nucleotide is changed for another nucleotide of the genetic material (normally DNA), or
#a single base pair is inserted or deleted.

A **nonsense mutation** is a point mutation in a DNA sequence that leads to an early stop codon. This appears as a nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA. Most of the time, the protein that is translated from this mRNA does not work.

## References
Sten & Stanley

**Sten & Stanley** is a dansband from the town of Karlskoga in Sweden. It was established in 1962.

## Discography
* *Guns of Bofors* 1963
* *I lust och nöd* 1965
* *Varsågod* 1966
* ''Sten & Stanley's australisk sångbok* 1967
* *Röd var din mun* 1967
* *Sten Nilsson* 1968
* *Sten Nilsson & Sten & Stanleys kör och orkester* 1969
* *Sten & Stanley Sten Nilsson* 1970
* *A Touch of Sweden* 1970
* *Sten Nilsson nu* 1971 
* *Kända låtar i stereo* 1972
* *Kända låtar i stereo 2* 1973
* *En god och glad jul* 1973
* *De' är dans* 1974
* *Sten & Stanleys bästa bitar* 1975
* *Bella Bella* 1976
* *Jambalaya* 1977
* *Sten Nilsson* 1977
* *Sten & Stanley's framsida* 1977
* *Copacabana* 1979
* *På gång* 1980
* *På gång 2* 1982
* *Adios Amor* 1983
* *Jag har inte tid* 1984
* *God jul* 1984
* *Musik, dans & party* 1985 
* *Musik, dans & party 2* 1986
* *En god och glad jul* 1986
* *Musik, dans & party 3* 1987
* *Musik, dans & party 4* 1988
* *Minnets melodi. Sten & Stanley 1963-1989* 1989
* *Som ett ljus. Musik, dans & party 5* 1990
* *Dansparty Sten & Stanley* 1991
* *Dansparty Sten & Stanley* 1991
* *Musik, dans & party 6* 1991
* *Musik, dans & party 7* 1992
* *På begäran* 1989 
* *Musik, dans & party 8* 1993
* *Musik, dans & party 9* 1994
* *Musik, dans & party 10* 1995
* *Julnatt* 1995
* *Vågar du så vågar jag. Musik, dans & party 11* 1996
* *Jag vill vara din, Margareta* 1997
* *San Diego. 35 år 20 hits* 1997
* *De tidiga åren* 1998
* *Bröder* 1998
* *Stjärnan lyser klar* 2000
* *Sten & Stanley framsida 2000* 2000
* *Du är min bästa vän* 2001
* *Om bara jag får* 2001
* *Musik, dans & party 94-96* 2001
* *40/40 En samling* 2002
* *Samlade TV-hits* 2003
* *Sten & Stanley önskefavoriter* 2004
* *Sten & Stanley då & nu* 2006
* *Då kommer minnerna* 2011
* *Sten & Stanleys 20 bästa''

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Peugeot P4

**Peugeot P4** seen here in Paris for Bastille Day military parade support.]]
The **Peugeot P4** is a car made by Peugeot. It is a 4WD vehicle used mainly by militaries. It was based on the Mercedes-Benz G-Class. It is used by the French Army. Some versions are used by French Gendarmerie, French Navy, and French Air Force troops. The P4 was first built for use in 1981.
Boeing VC-25

The **Boeing VC-25** is a military variant of the 747-200B airliner. It is used by the United States Air Force for the president of the United States and U.S. federal government transport. It is called *Air Force One*, when the president is on board. Only two examples were built.
SOCATA TB-30 Epsilon

The **SOCATA TB-30 Epsilon** is a military training light aircraft designed and built by SOCATA in Tarbes, France. With one engine and a crew of two, teacher and student, it looks like many other training aircraft. It is used by France, Portugal, Senegal, and Togo.

## Bibliography 
*
Embraer Emb-121 Xingu

The **Embraer Emb-121 Xingu** is a twin-engines light transport plane. It is both civilian and military aircraft. It's built by Embraer in Brazil. From 1982, it is used by the French Air Force and the French Navy as a training aircraft.
Lasse Stefanz

**Lasse Stefanz** is a dansband from the town of Kristianstad in Sweden. It was established in 1967.

## Discography
* Kära Rut, 1970 (single)
* Ett snurrande hjul, 1972 (single)
* Vad tiden går, 1974
* Spelmansminnen, 1975
* Strandpartajj, 1976
* Sunshine, 1977
* Darlin', 1978
* Vid en liten fiskehamn, 1981
* Oh, Julie!, 1982
* Marie Marie, 1983
* Elaine, 1984
* Fredens duva, 1985
* Den lilla klockan, 1986
* Nere på Söder, 1987
* Det här är bara början, 1988 (Mariann)
* Peppelinos Bar, 1988
* Livets ljusa sida, 1988
* Mot nya mål, 1989
* Vindarnas sång, 1990
* Tic Tac Toe, 1992
* På begäran, 1992
* Min ängel, 1994
* Bara du, 1995
* Sommardansen, 1995
* Dig ska jag älska 1996
* Sommardansen 2, 1997
* I ett fotoalbum, 1998
* Över en kopp i vår berså, 1999
* Sommardansen 3, 2000
* Emelie, 2001
* I tomteverkstan, 2001
* Mi Vida Loca, 2002
* Det här är bara början, 2003
* Röd Chevrolet, 2004
* Pickup-56, 2006
* Vagabond, 2007
* Rallarsväng, 2008
* Svängjul, 2008
* En vän som du, 2009
* Truck Stop, 2009
* Texas, 2010
* Lasse Stefanz Goes 70's, 2010
* Cuba Libre, 2011
* Vår bästa country, 2012
* Rocky Mountains, 2012
* Kärlek & rock'n'roll, 2013
* Trouble Boys, 2013
* Lasse Stefanz stora julparty, 2013
* Honky Tonk Rebels, 2014
* Whiskey Barrel, 2015

### DVD / VHS 
* Från Österlen till Oklahoma, 2003
* Ingen dans på rosor, 2009
* På väg till Malung med Lasse Stefanz, 2010

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Fiat CR.42 Falco

The **Fiat CR.42 Falco** is a biplane fighter aircraft used by fascist air force in the World War II and before in the Spanish Civil War. Built by Fiat, it was used until 1943. Some of them were captured by Royal Air Force. "Falco" is the Italian word for "falcon".
Nakajima Ki-43

The **Nakajima Ki-43** was one of the major Japanese fighter aircrafts of World War II. It was called *Oscar* by the Allies, but was also sometimes called the 'Army Zero' because allied pilots often mistaken it as the Mitsubishi A6M Zero carrier based fighter aircraft operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy, due to both aircraft bore a certain resemblance to one another. It was used in all major Japaneses operations between 1942 and 1945. After the war it was used by China, France, Indonesia, and North Korea.
HV71

**HV71** is an ice hockey club that plays its home games in the Husqvarna Garden in the town of Jönköping in Sweden. The club was established on 24 May 1971. It was a result of two local clubs Husqvarna IF and Vätterstads IK joining forces on their ice hockey sections.

HV71 won the Swedish national championship in 1995, 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2017. They also lost the finals of 2009.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Official website
Luleå HF

**Luleå HF** is an ice hockey club in the town of Luleå in Sweden. The club was established on 2 May 1977.

Luleå HF won the Swedish national championship in 1996 and 2025. It also lost the finals in 1993, 1997 and 2013.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Sven-Ingvars

**Sven-Ingvars** is a dansband from Slottsbron in Sweden. It was established in 1956. The band was popular back in the 1960s, before a 1991 performance at Hultsfredsfestivalen led to a revival throughout the 1990s.

## Discography
# Dans ikväll (1966)
# Nu är vi här... igen (1968)
# Sven-Ingvars i Carnegie Hall (1970)
# Sven-Ingvars i Frödingland (1971)
# Man borde inte sova (1972)
# På turné (1973)
# Allt går igen (1973)
# Guld (1975)
# Playa blanca (1976)
# Åh, va skönt (1977)
# Ett vykort från Sven-Ingvars (1978)
# Apropå (1980)
# Sven-Ingvars jubileums à la carte (1981)
# Å vilka tider (1982)
# Våga - vinn (1983)
# Exposé (1985)
# Nya vindar (1987)
# Sven-Ingvars kvartett rainbow music (1989)
# Dansparty (1992)
# Allt går igen (1993)
# Två mörka ögon (1994)
# På begäran (1994)
# Byns enda blondin (1994)
# En dröm om våren (1995)
# Du flicka med vind i ditt hår (1995)
# Septemberbarn (1995)
# Kärlekens alla färger (1995)
# Lika ung som då (1996)
# Hus till salu (1997)
# Nio liv (1998)
# Älskar du mig (1999)
# Retro aktiv (2000)
# Här nere på jorden (2001)
# Guld & glöd (2002)
# Musik vi minns (2003)
# Livet är nu (2005)
# Högt i det blå (2007)
# Lycklig (2009)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Malmö Redhawks

.]]
**Malmö Redhawks** is an ice hockey club in Malmö, Sweden. The club started on 28 February 1972, out of the Malmö FF ice hockey section. The original name was **Malmö IF**. The name was changed in 1996.

The club won the Swedish national championship in 1992 and 1994. It also  won the IIHF European Cup in 1992.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Linköping HC

playing for Linköpings HC.]]
**Linköping HC** is an ice hockey club in the town of Linköping in Sweden. The club was established on out of the BK Kenty ice hockey section 4 August 1976.

Linköpings HC progressed to the Swedish top division for first time in 1999. The club made it to the Swedish national finals in 2007 and 2008. They lost both times.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
IF Björklöven

game against IK Oskarshamn.]]
**IF Björklöven** is an ice hockey club in the town of Umeå in Sweden. The club was established on 15 May 1970 as **IFK/SSK, Umeå** when the clubs of IFK Umeå and Sandåkerns SK merged their ice hockey sections. The name was changed in 1971.

IF Björklöven won the Swedish national championship in 1987. They also lost the finals of 1982 and 1988.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Hockeyallsvenskan

and Mora IK]]
**Hockeyallsvenskan** is the second division for ice hockey in Sweden, where the best teams qualify for Kvalserien, a qualifying competition for the Swedish Hockey League (formerly Elitserien).

Allsvenskan was established in 1983 as an Elitserien pre-qualifying competition, back then starting after Christmas consisting of the autumn season's most successful Division 1 teams. From the 1999/2000 season, Allsvenskan became played throughout the entire regular seasons, consisting of a northern and a southern group. From the 2005/2006 season, both groups were merged into one.

## Other websites
* Official website
Mora IK

**Mora IK** is an ice hockey club in the town of Mora in Sweden. The club was established in 1935. The club lost the Swedish national championship final of 1950 wih 2-7 to Djurgårdens IF.

The club played several seasons the old Swedish top division, Division 1 between the mid-1940s and the mid-1970s. In 2004, Mora IK qualifyed for the Swedish top division, playing four straight seasons before being relegated in 2008.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Monarchy of Pakistan

The **Monarchy of Pakistan** was the form of government of the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1956. Under this system, Pakistan was an independent Commonwealth realm with a hereditary, constitutional monarch as the head of state. The monarch was the monarch of the United Kingdom, and was also shared with a number of other countries. The role of the monarch was defined under the Constitution. Most of the monarch's duties were carried out by the Governor-General of Pakistan.

The monarchy of Pakistan was created by the Indian Independence Act of 1947. This act, made by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, divided its British India into two new countries: India and Pakistan, each of which became an independent constitutional monarchy. Succession to the throne of Pakistan was, like that of the United Kingdom, governed by the Act of Settlement 1701.

Pakistan Adopted a New constitution on the 23rd of March in 1956. This constitution  the monarchy, making Pakistan a Republic in the Commonwealth of Nations. Pakistan left the Commonwealth on the 30th of January in 1972 over the Rebellious issue of the former East Pakistan province becoming a separate Independent Bangladesh. It re-joined on the 1st of October in 1989, then was Suspended from the Commonwealth twice: firstly from the 18th of October in 1999 to the 22nd of May in 2004 and secondly from the 22nd of November in 2007 to the 22nd of May in 2008-present.

## List of Pakistani monarchs
## List of Pakistani consorts
Open University

**The Open University** (**OU**) is a distance learning and research university founded by Royal Charter in the United Kingdom.

The university is funded by the British state, and by student fees and contract income. It has an open entry policy. This means that students' previous academic achievements are not taken into account for entry to most undergraduate courses. Most OU undergraduate students are based in the United Kingdom and study off-campus. Many of its courses (both undergraduate and postgraduate) can be studied off-campus anywhere in the world.

There are a number of full-time postgraduate research students based on the 48 hectare university campus where they use the OU facilities for research, as well as more than 1000 members of academic and research staff and over 2500 administrative, operational and support staff.

The OU was established in 1969 and the first students enrolled in January 1971. The University administration is based at Walton Hall, Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, but has regional centres in each of its thirteen regions around the United Kingdom. It also has offices and regional examination centres in most other European countries. The University awards undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, as well as non-degree qualifications such as diplomas and certificates, or continuing education units.

With more than 250,000 students enrolled, including around 32,000 aged under 25 and more than 50,000 overseas students, 2006, second in 2007, and top in 2012. These were United Kingdom government national student satisfaction surveys. Out of 132 universities and colleges, the OU was ranked 43rd (second quartile) in the *Times Higher Education* Table of Excellence in 2008. It was rated highly in Design, Art History, English, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Computer Science, Development Studies, Social Policy and Social Work, and Sociology. It was ranked overall as a nationally top forty, and globally top five hundred university by the *Academic Ranking of World Universities* in 2011, as well as being ranked 247 for citations of its academics.

The Open University is also one of only three United Kingdom higher education institutions to gain accreditation in the United States of America by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, an institutional accrediting agency, recognized by the United States Secretary of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.

## Drastic drop in enrollments 
The Open University enrollments for undergraduate courses have dropped from a peak in 2009/10 of 209,705 to the latest published figure of 121,395 in 2016/17. According to The Guardian, this was caused mainly by the government. In 2012 it allowed fees for part-time degrees to rise to £6,750 per year, whilst severely limiting maintenance grants for students. Part-time courses at traditional universities in the U.K. have also suffered a drop in enrollment.

## References
Vasaloppet

**Vasaloppet** is an annual cross-country skiing competition in Sweden. It started off in 1922 and has been a part of Worldloppet as long as Worldloppet has been around. Nowadays it is held the first Sunday in March each year.

The competition runs from Sälen to Mora. Women were banned from participating between 1924 and 1980, due to the length of the race (90 kilometers). In 1997, an official women's award was established.

The race is held to commemorate the historical events related to Gustav Vasa back in the early 1520's.

## Sister races
*Botniavasan (Finland)
*Vasaloppet China
*Vasaloppet Japan
*Vasaloppet USA
*Vasaloppet de la Sergerie (Canada)

## Related pages
*Tjejvasan

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website
*The event at SVT's open archive
Grace Lee Boggs

**Grace Lee Boggs** (June 27, 1915 – October 5, 2015) was a Chinese-American social rights activist, philosopher, and author. She took part in numerous women's rights, civil rights, labor rights, environmental justice, and black power movements. Boggs got a Ph.D. in philosophy at the age of 25, which was very uncommon at the time, especially for a Chinese-American. In 1992, Boggs and her later husband James Boggs started a program called Detroit Summer, which was made as a recreation of the Freedom Summer Program (otherwise known as the Mississippi Summer Program), but for youths. The program was an opportunity for local youth to grow leadership skills and to empower them to improve their communities.

## References
Sweden men's national ice hockey team

playing for Sweden.]]
The '''Sweden men's national ice hockey team''' () represents the country of Sweden in men's ice hockey. The team started in 1920. It won the world championships in 1953, 1957, 1962, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1998, 2006, 2013, 2017 and 2018. They also became Olympic champions in 1994 and 2006.

## References 
## Other websites
Örebro HK

**Örebro HK** is an ice hockey club in the town of Örebro in Sweden. The club was established in 1990 as **HC Örebro 90**, before changing name in 2005.

In 2013, Örebro HK qualifyed for the Swedish Hockey League.

## Other websites
* Official website
Färjestad BK

playing for Färjestads BK.]]
**Färjestad BK** is an ice hockey club in the town of Karlstad in Sweden. The club was established on 10 November 1932 a bandy club. It adopting the game of ice hockey in 1956.

Färjestads BK won the Swedish national championship in 1981, 1986, 1988, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2022. They also lost the national finals in 1976, 1977, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1991, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2014.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Modo Hockey

, here playing for the Swedish national team, began his carrier playing for Modo Hockey.]]
**Modo Hockey** is an ice hockey club in the town of Örnsköldsvik in Sweden. The club was established in 1921 as **Alfredshems IK** before becoming **Modo AIK** in 1963 and **Modo HK** (or **Modo Hockey**) in 1987.

Modo Hockey won the Swedish national championship in 1979 and 2007. They also played in the finals and lost in 1994, 1999 and the year 2000.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Rögle BK

**Rögle BK** is an ice hockey club in the town of Ängelholm in Sweden. The club was established in 1921 as a bandy club, even if no governing body was established until 18 December 1932. The club won the Scanian bandy district championship in 1948, before adopting the game of ice hockey in 1950.

In 1992, Rögle BK qualifyed for the Swedish top division for first time. They continued playing in the top division until 1996. Rögle qualifyed for the top division in 2008 and again in 2012 but after failing to requalify, the club will play in the second-tier Hockeyallsvenskan.

The most famous player ever played in Rögle is probably Kenny Jönsson.

## Other websites
* Official website
Nick Offerman

**Nicholas David Offerman** (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor, writer, and carpenter. He is best known for his breakout role as Ron Swanson in the NBC sitcom *Parks and Recreation*.

Offerman was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He has been married to Megan Mullally since 2003.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Muhammad Siddiq Al-Minshawi

**Muhammad Siddiq Al-Minshawi** or **Mohamed Siddiq El-Minshawi** (, 1 January 1920 – 20 June 1969) was an Egyptian Qur'anic reciter. He was born in Suhaaj. He was the son of Siddiq El-Minshawi and the brother of Mahmoud El-Minshawi, who is also a well known reciter and a well known scholar of the Qur’an in Egypt, Cairo.

## Background 
Muhammad Siddiq El-Minshawi has become a household name across the Muslim world. He traveled to many countries outside of his homeland, including Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Palestine (Al-Aqsa Mosque), Saudi Arabia and Syria. He helped children with the Quran.

He was significantly influenced by his father, Muhammad Siddiq El-Minshawi, also a protégé of Mohamed Salamah, a famous reciter of the 20th century. He studied the rules of recitation under Ibrahim As-Su'oodi at a young age.
Malmö FF

**Malmö FF** is an association football club in the town of Malmö in Sweden. The club was established on 24 February 1910.

The club has won the Swedish national championship twenty times: in 1944, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1986, 1988, 2004, 2010, 2013 2014 2016 2017 2020 2021. They have won the Swedish cup fourteen times  (1944, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1953, 1967, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1980, 1984, 1986 and 1989), which makes them the most successful team in Sweden in history, in terms of the number of titles in these competitions.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Cook County, Illinois

**Cook County** is a county in the American state of Illinois. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County. Los Angeles County, California is the only county with a higher population than Cook County.

About 5,276,000 people live in Cook County. This is 41 percent of all the people who live in Illinois. Cook County's population is more than the population of 28 U.S. states. More people live in Cook County than in the six smallest U.S. states combined.  There is a tax on canned beverages in Cook County.

## References
## Other websites
* Cook County History Pages
Marjorie Bennett

**Marjorie Bennett** (15 January 1896 – 14 June 1982) was an Australian actress. She was born in York, Western Australia.

Her many movies include small parts in the Joan Crawford movies *Autumn Leaves* (waitress), *Female on the Beach* (Mrs. Murchison), and *What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?* (Dehlia Flagg); a voice part in Disney's *One Hundred and One Dalmatians* (Duchess); and a speaking part in *Mary Poppins* (Miss Lark).

Her many television appearances include the recurring parts of Mrs. Neimeyer in *The Bob Cummings Show*; Birdie Brockway in the early years of *Lassie*, Mrs. Downey in *CHiPs*; and Mrs. Kenny in *The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis*.

Bennett died in Hollywood, California on 14 June 1982 at the age of 86.

## References
2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes

The **2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes** were a severe weather event that happened in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in New York City. Two tornadoes touched down in Park Slope, Brooklyn and Flushing, Queens. It happened between 5:37 PM to 5:57 PM EDT on September 16, 2010. The tornadoes were the second to hit New York City that year, after a tornado that hit Queens on July 25. The stronger of the two tornadoes hit Flushing and was rated an EF1 with winds of up to 100 mph.

The thunderstorm hit New York City during the evening rush hour. It brought strong winds, heavy rain, and hail. The strong winds brought down over 30,000 trees and power lines. In addition to the tornadoes, a macroburst hit Middle Village and Forest Hills in Queens. The macroburst had heavy rain and strong winds of up to 125 mph.

## References
## Other websites
*New Yorkers Document the Storm - New York Times
Vikingarna

**Vikingarna** was a dansband from Sweden. It was established in 1958, and disbanded in 2004.

## Discography
**Det går som en dans 5 (1973)*
**Här kommer Vikingarna (1974)*
**Kramgoa låtar 1 (1975)*
**Kramgoa låtar 2 (1975)*
**Kramgoa låtar 3 (1976)*
**Kramgoa låtar 4 (1977)*
**Kramgoa låtar 5 (1977)*
**The Vikings Export (1978)*
**Kramgoa låtar 6 (1978)*
**Kramgoa låtar 7 - Djingis Khan (1979)*
**Greatest Hits (1979)*
**Vikingarnas julparty (1979)*
**Kramgoa låtar 8 - Mot alla vindar (1980)*
**Kramgoa låtar 9 - Hallå Västindien (1981)*
**Kramgoa låtar 10 - Den stora dagen (1982)*
**Kramgoa låtar 11 - Save Your Love (1983)*
**Kramgoa låtar 12 - Albatross (1984)*
**Kramgoa låtar 13 (1985)*
**Julens sånger (1985)*
**Kramgoa låtar 14 (1986)*
**Kramgoa låtar 15 (1987)*
**Kramgoa låtar 16 (1988)*
**Kramgoa låtar 17 (1989)*
**Kramgoa låtar 18 (1990)*
**Kramgoa låtar 19 (1991)*
**Gitarrgodingar (1991)*
**Kramgoa låtar 20 (1992)*
**Vikingarna Gold! (1993)*
**Kramgoa låtar 1995 (1995)*
**Kramgoa låtar 1997 (1997)*
**Kramgoa låtar 1998 (1998)*
**Kramgoa låtar 1999 (1999)*
**Kramgoa låtar 2000 (2000)*
**100% Vikingarna (2000)*
**Kramgoa låtar 2001 (2001)*
**Kramgoa låtar 2002 (2002)*
**100% Guldfavoriter (2003)*

## References
Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland

**Walter Stewart** (1292–1327) a Scottish nobleman and knight, he was the 6th hereditary High Steward of Scotland. He was also the father of King Robert II of Scotland.

## Biography
Walter was born in 1292. He was the son of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland and Gilles (or *Egidia*) de Burgh. He took part of all the Wars of Scottish Independence between Robert the Bruce and Edward II of England.

The king sent Walter to bring home his wife Queen Elizabeth and daughter princess Marjory from Berwick. They had been held prisoner by the English for eight years. Walter then married the princess Marjory.

## Family and issue
Walter married, in 1315, Marjorie, only daughter of Robert I of Scotland by his first wife Isabella of Mar. The Lordship of Largs, taken from John Balliol, was given to Walter by Robert the Bruce, who also gave him the Farme Castle lands in Rutherglen as well as other lands and the barony of Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. Walter and Marjorie had one son:
* Robert II of Scotland
* Egidia Stewart. She married first, James Lindsay of Crawford. She married second Hugh Eglinton of Ardrossan and third to James Douglas of Dalkeith.

## Notes
## References
## Further reading
* Dunbar, Sir Archibald H., Bt., *Scottish Kings, a Revised Chronology of Scottish History, 1005 - 1625*, Edinburgh, 1899, pps: 126 - 144.
* Weis, Frederick Lewis, *et all*, *The Magna Charta Sureties 1215*, 5th edition, Baltimore, 2002, p.&nbsp;50.
Shelby Lynne

**Shelby Lynne** (born **Shelby Lynne Moorer**; 22 October 1968) is an American country musician who has done lots of hit songs. She began singing around 1988, although it was 1999 that she released her debut studio album *I am Shelby Lynne*. She received a Grammy Award for Best New Artist on that studio album. Lynne was born in Virginia, though was raised in Mobile, Alabama.

## References
Soccer mom

In America, a **soccer mom** is a middle-class woman in the suburbs who spends a lot of time taking her school-aged children to sports events and other activities. The soccer mom often drives a minivan, SUV or station wagon. Soccer moms are often completely involved and coach their children from the sidelines.The term *soccer mom* dates back to the early or mid 1980s. The term became more popular when newspapers began using it a lot in 1994 or 1995. It became very popular around 1996, when politicians were constantly using it during the presidential election of 1996, including then-President Bill Clinton.
Robert Aldrich

**Robert "Bob" Aldrich** (August 9, 1918 - December 5, 1983) was an American movie and television director,  second unit director or assistant director, and producer. He was born Robert Burgess Aldrich in Cranston, Rhode Island. He died in Los Angeles, California, age 65. 

Aldrich directed Joan Crawford and Bette Davis in *What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?* (1962), Olivia de Havilland and Bette Davis in *Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte* (1964), Lee Marvin, Charles Bronson, and football star Jim Brown in *The Dirty Dozen* (1967), and Burt Reynolds and Eddie Albert in *The Longest Yard* (1974) and *Hustle (1975)*. Television credits include (among others) five episodes of *Four Star Playhouse* and five episodes of *The Doctor* in the 1950s.

## Other websites
*
Milo Đukanović

**Milo Đukanović** (; born 15 February 1962) is a Montenegrin politician. He has been the country's President from 2018 to 2023. Đukanović has previously served as Prime Minister four times, from 1991 to 1998, from 2003 to 2006, from 2008 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2016. He also served as President from 1998 to 2002. Đukanović is the leader of the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro. This policy has worsened regional and social inequalities. By 2018, unemployment reached 36.6% in the north, while it was only 3.9% in the coastal region. At the same time, one in four people lived below the poverty line. In 2023, he lost his re-election to Jakov Milatović.

## References
Extended family

**Extended family** means a family including aunts, uncles and cousins. It also means married people living under parents of their husbands or wives. Within an extended family are several *immediate families*.

A family with more than two adults is called a **complex family**. This includes extended families or families where there are more than just one mother and one father.
Juvénal Habyarimana

**Juvénal Habyarimana** (8 March 1937 &ndash; 6 April 1994) was the second President of Rwanda. He was president for almost twenty years, from 1973 until his assassination. During his government, he favoured his own ethnic group, the Hutus. He was nicknamed "Kinani", a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". Habyarimana was a dictator. He was suspected to have cheated in all of his elections.

## Death 
On 6 April 1994, Habyarimana, along with the President of Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira, seven passengers and three crew members were killed when his Dassault Falcon 50 was shot down with a surface-to-air missile close to Kigali.  His assassination caused tensions between Hutus and Tutsis to worsen, and helped start the Rwandan Genocide. It is one of the bloodiest events of the late 20th century. Within 100 days, somewhere between 800,000 and 1 million Rwandans were massacred.

## References
## Other websites
General Tom Thumb

**General Tom Thumb** (January 4, 1838 &ndash; July 15, 1883) was an American entertainer. He was a four year old child when P. T. Barnum introduced him to show biz. The boy (who was passed off as a young adult) created a sensation at Barnum's American Museum in New York City. He toured Europe, appeared before royals, and returned to America rich. Thumb married Lavinia Warren in 1863, and continued to tour. Show biz took its toll on his health however. He died of a stroke in 1883. 
 
## Early life
General Tom Thumb was born Charles Sherwood Stratton in Bridgeport, Connecticut, to Sherwood Edward Stratton, a carpenter, and Cynthia (Thompson) Stratton, an inn worker. He stopped growing at 18 months. He was 25 inches tall and weighed 16 pounds in 1842 when P. T. Barnum persuaded his parents to exhibit him at $3 a week. The boy was four years old when he left home for Barnum's American Museum in New York City.

## Barnum
Barnum molded the boy into an entertainer, and provided the child with an expensive and exquisitely tailored wardrobe. He was presented as General Tom Thumb and his age bumped up to eleven years. 

He debuted on December 8, 1842. At first, he was shy about appearing in public, but he took to the stage and began imitating famous little people like Napoleon and Cupid. The General was a hit. Thirty thousand people attended his first week performances.

Barnum and Thumb toured Europe in 1844 with an appearance before Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at Buckingham Palace. Other European royals also fêted him.  In America, Thumb remained the principal attraction at the American Museum for many years.

## Marriage
In 1847, Thumb returned to America very rich. Thumb eventually bought a mansion in Bridgeport, and toured alone for a time. He teamed up with Barnum at times when the showman's bank account was running low. 

In 1862, Thumb met Lavinia Warren, another of Barnum's oddities, and the miniature couple were married on February 10, 1863, in Grace Episcopal Church, New York City. The wedding was attended by 2,000 guests, many of them the A-list celebrities of the day.

## Gallery

Tom Thumb playbill.jpg|Playbill for the appearance of Tom Thumb in London
Tom Thumb's Carriage.jpg|Tom Thumb's carriage, ca. 1850
Charles Sherwood Stratton and Lavinia Warren.jpg|Tom Thumb and his bride, Lavinia Warren in 1863

## Notes
## References
* Hartzman, Marc. 2005. *American Sideshow*. Penguin. *unpaged*.
* Hornberger, Francine. 2005. ''Carny Folk: The World's Weirdest Sideshow Acts*. Citadel Press. pp. 14-18.

## Other websites
*"Sideshow Ephemera Gallery: General Tom Thumb" by James G. Mundie - biographical essay with photos
**Harper'''s portrait and report on General Tom Thumb's Wedding
*Details of a museum in Middleboro, MA. A town where they made their home. - Link points to RoadsideAmerica.com
*"Tom Thumb" at the Disability History Museum
*
Minnie Warren

]]
**Huldah Pierce Warren Bump** (known as **Minnie Warren**; June 2, 1849–July 23, 1878) was an American entertainer. She was born in Middleborough, Massachusetts, and toured with her sister, entertainer Lavinia Warren, the wife of General Tom Thumb. Minnie died in childbirth in 1878.  She was buried in Nemasket Hill Cemetery, Middleborough, Massachusetts.

## References
* Hornberger, Francine. 2005. ''Carny Folk: The World's Weirdest Sideshow Acts''. Citadel Press. p. 19.
Money plant

**Money plant** is the trivial name of several plants:
* *Epipremnum aureum* - a tropical vining plant from the Solomon Islands
* *Lunaria annua* - a herbaceous biennial, grown for its attractive spring flowering and dried silver seed pod middles
* *Crassula ovata* - a small plant with fleshy leaves, also known as a jade plant or a friendship tree
* *Pilea peperomioides* - a small plant with very round, dark green leafs, also known as Chinese Money Plant, Lefse Plant, or Missionary Plant and is from the south of China
Cessna 620

The **Cessna 620** is a light transport aircraft prototype built in the United States in 1956. It's the only four-engine aircraft built by Cessna. It can carry between eight and ten passengers. Flights were stopped in 1957.

## References
Aralkum

, made in 2008]]
**Aralkum** is the name of a new desert that has appeared in the area that was once occupied by the Aral Sea. It lies south an east of what remains of the Aral Sea.

## Landscape
The Aralkum Desert has sparse vegetation, mostly consisting of salt and drought tolerant shrubs and plants (eg.stipa, black saxahul). Some parts of the Aralkum have salt crusts. These plants are found along the higher, less saline areas. In many places, the Aralkum is totally barren.
Leptospira

***Leptospiras*** are long, thin motile spirochaetes. They may be free-living or parasitic. They survive well in fresh water, soil, and mud in tropical areas. They have been studied at the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Molecular taxonomic studies at CDC and elsewhere have identified 13 named and 4 unnamed species of pathogenic leptospires. Leptospirosis causes a wide range of symptoms, and some infected persons may have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of leptospirosis include high fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, and vomiting. They may also include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or a .
Helicopter parent

**Helicopter parents** are those who hover over their children, cosseting them
and overseeing their entire lives.

The terminology began appearing around 1969. It was not until late 2002 or 2003, however, that the term became very popular via media and cell phone use. This was at exactly the same time the millennials begin turning 18 and moving into college. The rising of mobile phones is often blamed for the rise of helicopter parent-style teaching over the years. The phone enables the mother to keep in touch at all times, which was almost impossible before. What caused most notice was parents following up children as far as college and early employment. Sports coaches, college teachers and employers have had the experience of parents turning up to complain and argue in support of their children.

## Further reading
*

## References
Carcharhinidae

**Carcharhinidae**, also known as the **requiem sharks**, is a family of sharks in the order Carcharhiniformes. 

There are currently 60 species of requiem sharks which are grouped into 12 genera. Some of the most familiar species in this family are the lemon shark, the blue shark, the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the whitetip reef shark.

Requiem sharks are found in temperate and tropical oceans, and many species are worldwide. Some live in the open ocean (oceanic whitetip shark), while some live in freshwater rivers and lakes (bull shark).

All species of requiem sharks have a head of normal shape. Their eyes have a nictitating (winking) membranes. They have caudal fins with the upper lobe being larger than the lower but not very long, two spineless dorsal fins, the first one usually much larger than the second in most of the Atlantic species, an anal fin, a caudal peduncle which doesn't have lateral keels, and sharp, bladelike teeth with a single cusp. 

Almost all species of requiem sharks have a similar diet of fish, octopus, marine mammals and seabirds. Since they look similar, it is usually hard to tell one species from another.

## Evolutionary history 
The oldest member of the family is from the early Cretaceous of France. Only a few examples of the group are known from before the beginning of the Cenozoic. Modern carcharinid sharks have extensively diversified in coral reef habitats.

## Genera
 ]]
 ]]
 ]]
 ]]

There are 12 genera in the family **Carcharhinidae**:
* *Galeocerdo*
* *Scoliodon*
* *Carcharhinus*
* *Glyphis*
* *Lamiopsis*
* *Nasolamia*
* *Negaprion* 
* *Prionace*
* *Rhizoprionodon*
* *Loxodon*
* *Isogomphodon*
* *Triaenodon*

## References
Minigun

The **M134 Minigun** is an American 7.62x51mm six-barreled machine gun. Its rate of fire is 3000 to 4000 rounds (bullets) per minute. It is called "mini" as compared to the earlier, much bigger M61 Vulcan.

In movies and video games, the Minigun is sometimes called the chaingun, but this is a mistake. The chaingun is completely different and has only one barrel.

## References
## Other websites
* 1985 Patent of a Minigun
Gram-positive bacteria

bacteria (purple rods) in cerebrospinal fluid sample. The other cells are white blood cells.]] 

**Gram-positive bacteria** are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining.  

This is in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, which cannot hold the crystal violet stain. Instead they take up the counterstain (safranin or fuchsine) and appear red or pink. 

The difference is caused by the cell wall structure. Gram-positive organisms have thick peptidoglycan layer. This protects them, so they do not need rigid cell walls. Ironically, this layer of peptidoglycans is what can trigger an autoimmune system response against the bacteria. On the other hand, gram-negative bacteria have thin, insignificant peptidoglycan layers, so they do need rigid cell walls for support and protection.  

## Related pages 
*Gram-negative
*Gram staining
*Lysis

## References 
## Other websites 
*3D structures of proteins associated with plasma membrane of Gram-positive bacteria
*3D structures of proteins associated with outer membrane of Gram-positive bacteria
* Gram Staining Procedure and Images
Ron Moody

**Ron Moody** (born **Ronald Moodnick**; 8 January 1924 &ndash; 11 June 2015) was a British actor, composer, singer and writer. He was known for his roles in *Murder Most Foul* (1964), *Summer Holiday* (1963), *Oliver!* (1968), and in *The Twelve Chairs* (1970). He won a Golden Globe Award for his role in *Oliver!* in 1968. He was raised in Hornsey, England. Moody studied at Southgate County School and at London School of Economics. His father was of Russian Jewish descent and his mother was a Lithuanian Jew. Moody married Therese Blackbourn in 1985. They had six children. 

Moody died at a hospital in London, England on 11 June 2015 from natural causes, aged 91.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Ron Moody's Official Charitable website 
*