open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Paratelmatobius mantiqueira

***Paratelmatobius mantiqueira*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body
This is the smallest frog in *Paratelmatobius*. The adult male frog is 14.4 to 16.7 mm long from nose to rear end. There is no webbed skin on the front feet.

## Home
People see this frog on the dead leaves on the ground in rainforests that were never cut down and rainforests that are growing back where the branches come together like a roof. This frog can only live high in the mountains near where streams start. Scientists have observed this frog between 1650 and 1700 meters above sea level.
Scientists saw this frog in a protected place, Área de Proteção Ambiental São Francisco Xavier. They think it may live in Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Reserva dos Muriquis too.

## Young
These frogs have young in pools of water in very small streams. The tadpoles swim in the water.

## Danger
The IUCN says this frog is in very big danger of dying out.  People change the places where the frog lives into towns and farms. They also take water from streams to use and make canals.

Scientists found the dangerous fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* on other frogs in the frog's home, but they do not know if the disease it causes, chytridiomycosis, kills *P. mantiqueria*.

Climate change could also hurt this frog because it lives in forests high above sea level. Animals that live high in the mountains cannot move to colder places if their homes become too hot because they would have to climb down into even hotter places first.

## References
Ghost of a Chance (Rush song)

"**Ghost of a Chance**" is a 1992 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush and was the third single from their 14th studio album *Roll the Bones*. It went to number 2 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart.

## Track listing 
Music by Geddy Lee and Alex Lifeson; lyrics by Neil Peart.
 
**US release**:
#Ghost of a Chance – 5:19
#Where's My Thing? - 3:49
#An Interview With Rush
 
**UK / German release**:
#Ghost of a Chance – 5:19
#Dreamline – 4:38
#Chain Lightning – 4:33 [only on CD]
#Red Tide – 4:29 [only on CD]

## References
Tuesday Afternoon

"**Tuesday Afternoon**" is a 1968 song by English progressive rock band The Moody Blues and was taken from their second studio album *Days of Future Passed*. It went to number 24 in the United States and number 12 in Canada.

## References
Giovanni Messe

**Giovanni Messe** (10 December 1883 – 18 December 1968) was an Italian field marshal and politician. In the Second World War, he was captured in Tunisia but made chief of staff of the Italian Co-belligerent Army after the armistice of September 1943.

## Early life and career
Messe was born in Mesagne, in the Province of Brindisi in the Apulia region of Italy on 10 December 1883. Giovanni Messe pursued a military career in 1901.
## Military career
Giovanni Messe was an Italian general who served in several key World War II campaigns. After Italy invaded Albania in 1939, he served under Governor Ubaldo Soddu. During the Greco-Italian War (1940–41), he led the Special Army Corps but was forced to retreat when Greek forces counterattacked. In 1941, Germany’s intervention led to an Axis victory in Greece. Messe was later sent to command the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia, where he criticized poor equipment and harsh conditions. By 1942, he was replaced and withdrew from the Russian Front. In 1943, he led the 1st Italian Army in Tunisia, succeeding Rommel, but was defeated and surrendered to Allied forces after the fall of Tunis. Promoted to Marshal of Italy just before his capture, he later supported the Royalist cause and became Chief of Staff of the Italian Co-Belligerent Army after the armistice. Messe retired in 1947 after 46 years of service.

## Awards and decorations
 Silver Medal of Military Valor – Gorizia, 21–23 May 1917

 War Merit Cross – Albania, 19 June 1920

 Promotion for War Merits – *to Lieutenant General, Valona – Kalamas, 1940–1941

 Promotion for War Merits – *to Lieutenant Colonel, 1918''

### Onorificenze straniere 
## References
AKB48 China

**AKB48 China** may refer to:

* AKB48 Team SH, official sister group of AKB48 in mainland China, replacing SNH48
* AKB48 Team TP, official sister group of AKB48 in Taiwan, replacing TPE48
Superman (1978 movie series character)

is widely known for portraying the character in the 1978-1987 *Superman* movie series.]]

**Superman** (**Kal-El**) or **Clark Kent**, a fictional superhero from the *Superman* movie series and based on the DC Comics superhero of the same name, is an alien from the planet Krypton who gains superhuman abilities such as strength, flight, and invulnerability through Earth's yellow sun. Portrayed by Christopher Reeve, Superman is known for his iconic costume featuring a blue suit, red cape, and the emblematic 'S' shield on his chest. He embodies qualities of heroism, justice, and moral integrity, often balancing his alien origins with his human upbringing as Clark Kent. The 1978 movie *Superman* established the character as a cultural icon and set the foundation for superhero cinema.

The character was received positively and Reeve's performance is ranked as one of the best in superhero movies.

The 2006 movie *Superman Returns* served as an alternate sequel to the first two Reeve movies while ignoring the events of *Superman III* and *Superman IV: The Quest For Peace*, with Brandon Routh portraying a version of this iteration in an alternate timeline, after Reeve's paralysis in 1995 and death in 2004. The movie was dedicated to both him and his wife, Dana, who died two years after her husband's death and shortly before its release. A CGI version of Reeve as Superman makes a cameo in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) movie *The Flash* (2023), which retroactively incorporates him into the franchise's multiverse, alongside a de-aged Helen Slater as Supergirl.

## Appearances 
### Movie appearances 
* *Superman* (1978)

* *Superman II* (1980)
** *Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut* (2006)

* *Superman III* (1983)

* *Superman IV: The Quest for Peace* (1987)

* *The Flash* (2023) (cameo, archival footage)

#### Other appearances 
* ''Superman '78* (2021–2024 comic book limited series)
** *Superman '78: The Metal Curtain'' (2023)
Floating Schools

**Floating Schools** in Bangladesh are mobile educational boats that provide access to formal and non-formal schooling in areas prone to seasonal or permanent flooding, such as riverine and haor regions. These classrooms, built on boats or pontoons, are equipped with resources like solar power and internet, allowing children to continue their education when conventional land-based schools are inaccessible.

## History 
In the flood-prone delta regions of Bangladesh, where seasonal monsoons often block access to education, communities developed the floating school model. This innovative solution emerged in the early 2000s as a response to chronic flooding and isolation in rural areas.
The first major initiative began in 2002 by the NGO Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha, led by social entrepreneur Mohammed Rezwan. This organization built boats that function as both school buses and classrooms, carrying teachers, students, solar panels, computers, and educational materials directly to water-surrounded villages.
Inspired by this success, other organizations like BRAC adopted the model.

## Model and operation 
A typical floating school converts a boat hull into a classroom with desks, benches, and a small library. It is powered by solar panels and batteries for lighting, fans, and computers, and features digital literacy programs taught by one instructor and local assistants trained in national curriculum delivery.
These boats follow scheduled routes, picking up students from riverside villages and holding classes either while moving or docked. When floods subside, the vessels often shift roles to function as mobile libraries, adult training centres, or health awareness units.

## Impact 
Independent reports confirm that floating schools have successfully reduced dropout rates and boosted attendance in remote, flood-affected communities. After completing their primary education on the boats, many students successfully transition to land-based secondary schools.
Beyond teaching children, the boats act as information centers, providing adult literacy programs, training in sustainable farming, and access to solar-powered communication technologies.

## Recognition 
Shidhulai’s solar-powered schoolboats won the Equator Prize in 2006 and were featured by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in its Momentum for Change campaign.
The floating school model is included in Bangladesh’s National Adaptation Plan and is cited in international climate literature as an effective, replicable strategy for maintaining education access in flood zones. It has since inspired similar community-led projects in India, the Philippines, and Cambodia.

## References
Fratricide

Fratricide refers to when a person murders or kills his or her own brother or sister or an individual (such as a countryman) having a relationship like that of a brother or sister

## References
Otto Fräßdorf

**Otto Fräßdorf** (5 February 1942 – 8 October 2025) was a German footballer. He played as a forward at first, but he later played as a defender. He played for the East Germany national team from 1963 to 1970.

Fräßdorf died on 8 October 2025, at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Hans Friedrich von Rochow

**Hans Friedrich II von Rochow** (born 1698 in Plessow, now part of Werder (Havel); died 1787 in Brandenburg an der Havel) was a Prussian army officer. He reached the rank of lieutenant general and served as the commander of Berlin during the Seven Years' War.
## Life
Hans Friedrich von Rochow was the first in his family to study at the Knight's Academy in Brandenburg Cathedral, along with his brother Gottfried Christian. He began his military career in King Frederick William I’s “Long Regiment,” later serving in Magdeburg and becoming commandant of the fortress of Neisse in 1744 with the rank of colonel. Before the Seven Years' War, he retired as a major general. In 1733, he married Gottlieb Eleonore von Bredow, who died in 1750. They had five children, but only their daughter Sophie Maria Luise survived to adulthood and had descendants through her marriage to Hans Ernst von Arnim.
## Military career
Hans Friedrich von Rochow returned to military service when the war began but was unfit for front-line duty because of back problems. He became commandant of Berlin and was promoted to lieutenant general. In 1757, when Austrian troops approached Berlin, he failed to organize its defense. After the Austrians captured part of the city, he fled to Spandau, saying he needed to protect the queen. When he returned, angry citizens attacked him, but he kept his position. In 1760, he heard about a Russian plan to attack Berlin and became very anxious. Other generals took charge of the defense instead of him. Later that year, Russians and Austrians captured Berlin again. Rochow negotiated the city’s surrender and was taken prisoner. He was released in 1764, retired, and lived peacefully in Brandenburg until his death.

## References
Occupation of Constantinople

**Occupation of Constantinople** was a military conflict between the allied forces of France , Italy, Greece and Britain against the Ottoman tinople . Constantinople was occupied by the allied forces and merged into Greece while the State of Turkey was officially recognised.

## References
Slimane (singer)

**Slimane Nebchi** (born 13 October 1989), also known professionally by **Slimane**, is a French singer and songwriter. In 2016 he rose to fame after winning  of '''' as part of Team . He represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "", finishing in fourth place.

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Compilation albums
### Extended plays
### Singles
#### As lead artist
#### As featured artist
## Notes
## References
Klaus Doldinger

**Klaus Doldinger** (; 12 May 1936 – 16 October 2025) was a German saxophonist and composer. He was known for his work in jazz and as a movie music composer. He was known for his works with director Wolfgang Petersen. He composed the music for Petersen's movies *Das Boot* (1981) and *The NeverEnding Story* (1985).

Doldinger died on 16 October 2025 at his home in Icking, Germany at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gino Pivatelli

**Gino Pivatelli** (); (27 March 1933 – 17 October 2025) was an Italian football player and manager. He played as a forward. He played for the Italy national football team from 1954 to 1958.

Pivatelli died on 17 October 2025 in Bologna, Italy at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Nancy Chodorow

**Nancy Julia Chodorow** (January 20, 1944 – October 14, 2025) was an American sociologist and academic. She taught at Wellesley College in 1973, then moved to the University of California, Santa Cruz, where she taught from 1974 until 1986. She was a Sociology and Clinical Psychology professor at the University of California, Berkeley, until 1986. She taught psychiatry at Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Health Alliance. Chodorow was known for her written works about feminist thought.

Chodorow died on October 14, 2025, at the age of 81.

## References
Yuriy Tarnawsky

**Yuriy Orest Ivanovych Tarnawsky**; February 3, 1934 – October 14, 2025) was a Ukrainian-American writer and linguist. He was one of the founding members of the New York Group of Poets, a group of avant-garde Ukrainian  writers. He was the co-founder and co-editor of the journal *New Poetry*. He wrote fiction, poetry, plays, translations, and criticism in both Ukrainian and English.

Tarnawsky died on October 14, 2025 in White Plains, New York at the age of 91.

## Notes
## References
Sanguinetto

**Sanguinetto** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, It is located about  southwest of Venice and about  southeast of Verona.

## References
Anthony Jackson (musician)

**Anthony Claiborne Jackson** (June 23, 1952 – October 19, 2025) was an American bassist. He was a session musician and live artist. He was said to have helped made six-string bass popular. He had Parkinson's disease at the time of his death.

## References
## Other websites
* Interview at *Bass Musician* magazine 
* Article at *Bass Player*
* 
*
Jesús Montero

**Jesús Alejandro Montero López** (November 28, 1989 – October 19, 2025) was a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees in 2011 and for the Seattle Mariners from 2012 until 2015.

Montero was killed in a motorcycle crash near Valencia, Venezuela, on October 19, 2025. He was 35 years old.

## References
## Other websites
Martine Brochard

**Martine Brochard** (2 April 1944 – 18 October 2025) was a French-Italian actress and writer. She was born in Paris, France. She had her first movie role in 1968 in François Truffaut's *Baisers volés*. In the 1970s, she moved to Italy where she would appear in Italian movies and shows.

In 1995 and 1999, she wrote two collections of stories for children, *La gallina blu e altri racconti* (Mursia, )  and *Zaffiretto il vampiretto e altri racconti* (Mursia, ).

In 2003, Brouchard was diagnosed and treated for leukaemia.

Brochard died on 18 October 2025 at her home in Rome, Italy at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Sam Rivers (bassist)

**Samuel Robert Rivers** (September 2, 1977 – October 18, 2025) was an American musician and singer. He was the bassist, lead singer, and co-founder of the nu metal band Limp Bizkit.

Rivers died on October 18, 2025 from cardiac arrest in Orlando, Florida at the age of 48.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ron Dean

**Ronald Charles "Ron" Dean** (August 15, 1938 – October 5, 2025) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in *Risky Business*, *The Breakfast Club*, *Cocktail*, *The Babe*, *The Fugitive*, *Rudy*, *The Client*, and *The Dark Knight*. He was known for playing police officers and detectives in movies.

Dean died on October 5, 2025 at a hospital in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dita Kraus

**Dita Kraus** (; born **Edith Polachová;** 12 July 1929 – 18 October 2025) was a Czech-Israeli teacher and writer. During the Holocaust, she was detained at Auschwitz. She was transferred to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp where she was eventually liberated at the end of World War II. She was known for being *The Auschwitz Librarian*.

Kraus died in Jerusalem, Israel on 18 October 2025 at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
San Severino Marche

**San Severino Marche** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche. It is located about  southwest of Ancona and about  southwest of Macerata.

## References
Nebojša Pavković

**Nebojša Pavković** (; 10 April 1946 — 20 October 2025) was a Serbian convicted war criminal and army general. He was Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Yugoslavia from February 2000 to June 2002. He also was the Commander of Third Army of the Armed Forces of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War, from December 1998 to February 2000.

On 25 April 2005, Pavković turned himself in to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague where he was charged with committing crimes against humanity and war crimes during the Kosovo War. On 26 February 2009, the ICTY convicted Pavković of the charges and sentenced him to 22 years in prison. He served his prison time in Finland.

In September 2025, Pavković was transferred to Serbia because of health reasons. He died in Belgrade a month later, on 20 October, at the age of 79.

## References
2025 Louvre robbery

On Sunday **19 October 2025**, thieves who dressed up as workers stole nine pieces of the French Crown Jewels from the Galerie d'Apollon of the Louvre in Paris, France. The robbery took four to seven minutes and happened during regular opening hours. It was the first art theft to happen at the Louvre since the 1998 robbery of the painting *Le chemin de Sèvres*.

The thieves stole eight jewels, but one dropped as they were escaping. A (disc cutter or) diamond disc cutter was used during the robbery.

## Arrest 
Police arrested, what they believed was a third person involved in the robbery, according to media (October 30). Earlier that month, investigators arrested two men. The first was arrest on 25 October, when he tried to escape from France to Algeria. He was in arrest at Paris' Roissy Airport.

## References
Gombojavyn Zandanshatar

**Gombojavyn Zandanshatar** (; born 8 March 1970) is a Mongolian politician who has been the 32nd Prime Minister of Mongolia since 2025. He is a member of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP). He was a member and chairman of the State Great Khural until he lost reelection in 2024.

Zandanshatar was voted out as prime minister by the State Great Khural with 71 votes out of 111 on 17 October 2025. He became the shortest-serving prime minister in modern Mongolian history.

## Notes
## References
Atsuhiko

**Atsuhiko** (written: 篤彦 or 敦彦) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:

*, Japanese footballer
*, Japanese footballer
*, Japanese classical scholar
Qarmatians

The **Qarmatians** (Arabic: قرامطة, romanized: Qarāmiṭa; Persian: قرمطیان, romanized: Qarmatiyān or Carmathians in 20th-century historical discourse in English) were a militant Isma'ili Shia movement centred in Al-Ahsa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious state in 899 CE.

## References
Futurama season 1

The 1st season of the American animated television series ***Futurama*** first started showing on Fox on March 28, 1999.
## Episodes
Asrani

**Govardhan Asrani** (3 January 1941 – 20 October 2025), known popularly by mononym **Asrani**, was an Indian actor, comedian and director. He acted in over 350 Hindi movies. He was known for his role as the Jailor in the 1975 movie *Sholay*. He also appeared in 25 movies with actor Rajesh Khanna. He was born in Jaipur, then-British India.

Asrani died on 20 October 2025 from respiratory failure caused by pulmonary edema at a hospital in Mumbai, India at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
Morris Chapman

**Morris H. Chapman** (November 21, 1940 &ndash; October 20, 2025) was an American Baptist pastor and writer. He was elected president and chief executive officer of the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) Executive Committee in 1992.
He retired in September 2010.

Chapman died on October 20, 2025 from a short-illness in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 84.

## References
Homer Edwin Young

**Homer Edwin Young** (born August 11, 1936), often known as **Ed Young**, is an American Baptist pastor, television evangelist and writer. He was the senior pastor of the megachurch Second Baptist Church of Houston, Texas.

Young was born on August 11, 1936, in Laurel in southeastern Mississippi to a poor family.

## References
## Other websites
* *The Winning Walk* official website
* Second Baptist Church Houston official website
Jerry Vines

**Charles Jerry Vines** (born September 1937) is an American Baptist preacher and former pastor. He was the main pastor of the  First Baptist Church of Jacksonville in Florida. Vines is well known for his conservative and sometimes controversial public views. He was an important person of the Southern Baptist Convention. He retired in 2006. Vines was born in Carrollton, Georgia. He was also accused of covering up sexual abuse allegations happening in his church.

## References
## Other websites
*Jerry Vines Ministries official site
Dori Sakurada

is a Japanese actor and singer who began his career after being scouted at age 11. He is represented by the agency Amuse.

## Career 
He is known for playing the lead role of *Ryoma Echizen* in the third generation cast of *The Prince of Tennis* musicals, Tenimyu*, starting in 2005, making him the youngest actor cast in the role at the time. His major break came in 2008 when he starred as Kotaro Nogami in the successful film Farewell, *Saraba Kamen Rider Den-O: Final Countdown*. He has since appeared in numerous movies and TV shows, including *Let Me Eat Your Pancreas* and lead roles in the dramas *Scum's Wish* and *Coffee & Vanilla*.

He gained worldwide recognition for his role as the aggressive survivor Suguru Niragi in the Netflix series *Alice in Borderland*.

Sakurada writes and produces his own music, releasing his first EP, *Sakura da Festa Best*, in 2019. He performs live at a yearly fan event, *Sakura da Festa'', and completed his first Zepp tour in 2016.

## Personal Life 
Sakurada once took a six-month hiatus to study in London, which he credits with renewing his passion for acting and making the career choice his own. He is close friends with fellow actors Kento Yamazaki, Takeru Satoh, and Ryunosuke Kamiki.

## References
Sho Aoyagi

is a Japanese actor from Sapporo, Hokkaido. He is represented by the talent agency LDH and is a member of the theater group Gekidan Exile.

## Career 
Aoyagi initially participated in a *Vocal Battle Audition* in 2006 but shifted his focus to acting and singing, studying at the Exile Professional Gym (EXPG). He began his acting career in 2009 with the stage play *Attack No.1*, at which point he became a member of Gekidan Exile. and *Last of the Wolves*. He is widely known for his role as Morizono Aguni in the Netflix survival drama series *Alice in Borderland*.

His recent and upcoming projects include a role in the live-action television adaptation of *Oshi no Ko* and the *Asadora* series *Anpan* as Ōne.

## References
Sofia Corradi

**Sofia Corradi** (5 September 1934 – 17 October 2025) was an Italian pedagogist. She was nicknamed "mamma Erasmus (Mother Erasmus)". She helped create the Erasmus Programme, an exchange programme of students between European universities. Corradi also did research at the UN Commission on Human Rights.

Corradi died on 18 October 2025 in Rome, Italy at the age of 91.

## References
Roy Jacobsen

**Roy Jacobsen** (26 December 1954 – 18 October 2025) was a Norwegian novelist and short-story writer. He was born in Oslo. His career began in 1982 with the short-story collection *Fangeliv*. He won Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris, the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature and the Gyldendal Prize during his career. He was a nominee for the International Booker Prize in 2017.

Jacobsen died from problems caused by surgery on 18 October 2025 in Oslo at the age of 70.

## Bibliography 
**Fangeliv* – short stories (1982)
**Hjertetrøbbel* – novel (1984)
**Tommy* – novel (1985)
**Det nye vannet* – novel (1987) (English 1997: *The new water*)
**Virgo* – novel (1988)
**Det kan komme noen* – short stories (1989)
**Ursula* – barnebok (1990)
**Seierherrene* – novel (1991; translation of title, 'the victors' or 'the winners')  
**Fata Morgana* – novel (1992)
**Den høyre armen* – short stories (1994)
**Trygve Bratteli. En fortelling* – biography of Trygve Bratteli (1995)
**Ismael* – novel (1998)
**Grenser* – novel (1999) (English 2015: *Borders*)
**Fugler og soldater* – short stories (2001)
**Det nye vinduet* – short stories (2002)
**Frost* – novel (2003)
**Hoggerne* – novel (2005) (English 2007: *The Burnt-Out Town of Miracles*)
**Marions slør* – novel (2007)
**Vidunderbarn* – novel (2009) (English 2011: *Child Wonder*)
**De Usynlige* – novel (2013) (English 2016: *The Unseen*)
**Hvitt hav* – novel (2015) (English 2019: *White Shadow*)
**Rigels øyne* – novel (2017) (English 2020: *Eyes of the Rigel*)
**På randen av Vigeland* – autobiography (2019)
**Mannen som elsket Sibir* – novel (2019)
**Bare en mor* – novel (2020) (English 2022: *Just a Mother*)
**De uverdige* – novel (2022)

## References
## Other websites
*
Daniel Naroditsky

**Daniel Naroditsky** (November 9, 1995 – October 19, 2025), sometimes known as **Danya**, was an American chess grandmaster, author, and commentator. He was born in San Mateo, California.

In 2007, Naroditsky won the Under 12 section of the World Youth Chess Championship with 9½/11, tying with Illya Nyzhnyk and winning the gold medal on tiebreaks. At the 2010 U.S. Open, Naroditsky scored 7½/9 to share second place with Alexander Shabalov, Varuzhan Akobian, and Julio Sadorra, but behind Alejandro Ramírez. This qualified him for the 2011 U.S. Championship.

Naroditsky earned his first grandmaster norm at the Benasque Open in July 2011.

On October 20, 2025, it was announced that Naroditsky had died the day before in Charlotte, North Carolina, aged 29.

## References
Sergey Kara-Murza

**Sergey Georgyevich Kara-Murza** (23 January 1939 – 18 October 2025) was a Soviet-born Russian chemist, historian, political philosopher and sociologist. He was born in Moscow, Russia. 

## Works
His best known work, *Mind Manipulations*, was released in 2000. It says that public opinion in Russia is being manipulated by a part of mass-media, that is pro-Western. That work talks about the problem in regard to that manipulation. Kara-Murza became known for his anti-globalization, anti-liberal and anti-Westernist views.

## Death
Kara-Murza died on the night of 17/18 October 2025 in Moscow at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* Articles in English  
* Official page in Russian
Edoardo Menichelli

**Edoardo Menichelli** (14 October 1939 – 20 October 2025) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Ancona-Osimo from 2004 to 2017. Pope Francis made him a cardinal on 14 February 2015.

Menichelli died in San Severino Marche, Italy after a long-illness on 20 October 2025, at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
Paratelmatobius poecilogaster

The **San Andre rapids frog** (*Paratelmatobius poecilogaster*) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body
This is the largest frog in *Paratelmatobius*. The adult male frog is 20 to 26 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 25.2 to 30.1 mm long. The skin of the back and legs is brown and green with green spots. Sometimes the spots make a line on the backbone. There are brown lines on the hind legs. There is a pink line from each eye to where the legs meet the body. There is a gray stripe from each eye down the side of the body. There is a dark stripe from the eye to the mouth. The throat is black in the middle and orange on the sides. The belly is orange and red with black and white marks. The bottoms of the front legs are red.

## Home
People see this frog on the dead leaves on the ground in rainforests that were never cut down and rainforests that are growing back. Scientists have observed this frog between 500 and 800 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw this frog in a protected place, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar.

## Young
The male frogs go to pools of water that dry up for part of the year and call to the female frogs. The female frogs put eggs, 5-13 at a time on rocks above the pools. The tadpoles hatch and go into the water. The tadpoles can be 25.8 mm long with the tail.

## Danger
About half of these frogs live in places where there are many good places for them to live. The IUCN says this frog is not in danger of dying out.  The frogs that live outside the park may be in some danger. People cut down forests to make towns, farms, tree farms, and places for cows to eat grass. Long ago, people cut down many trees to get wood to build with, but they do not do this much now.

## References
Eurillas

***Eurillas*** is a genus of greenbuls, passerine birds in the bulbul family Pycnonotidae.

## Taxonomy 
The genus *Eurillas* was introduced in 1899. This was done by the American ornithologist Harry C. Oberholser. The little greenbul was the type species. The genus name combines  two Ancient Greek words. These words are *eurus* meaning "broad" or "wide" and *illas* meaning "thrush".

This genus was used to be a different name for the genus *Andropadus*. A phylogenetic study based in RNA and DNA of the bulbul family was published in 2007. This study found that *Andropadus* was polyphyletic. There was a revision to the generic classification. Five species were moved from *Andropadus* to the resurrected genus *Eurillas*.

### Species 
The genus contains five species:

## References 
* Moyle, R. G., and B. D. Marks. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of the bulbuls (Aves: Pycnonotidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 687–695.
Bonnie Watson Coleman

**Bonnie Marie Watson Coleman** (born February 6, 1945) is an American politician. She has been the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 12th congressional district since 2015. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1998 to 2015. She is the first African-American woman to represent New Jersey in the U.S. House of Representatives.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Campaign website
*
New Jersey's 12th congressional district

'''New Jersey's 12th congressional district''' is represented by Democrat Bonnie Watson Coleman, who has served in Congress since 2015. The district is home to Princeton University, Rider University, The College of New Jersey, Institute for Advanced Study, Johnson & Johnson and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The district contains the state capital of Trenton as well as the smaller city of Plainfield.

## References
Ewing Township, New Jersey

**Ewing Township** is a township in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is within the Trenton-Princeton metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 37,264.

## References
Florida's 13th congressional district

'''Florida's 13th congressional district''' is an electoral district for the U.S. Congress on Florida's Gulf Coast, assigned to Pinellas County. The district includes Largo, Clearwater, and Palm Harbor.

## References
Massachusetts's 5th congressional district

'''Massachusetts's 5th congressional district''' is a congressional district in eastern Massachusetts. The district is represented by Katherine Clark of the Democratic Party. 

## References
Massachusetts's 4th congressional district

'''Massachusetts's 4th congressional district''' is located mostly in southern Massachusetts. It is represented by Democrat Jake Auchincloss. Auchincloss was first elected in 2020.

## References
Minnesota's 6th congressional district

'''Minnesota's 6th congressional district''' includes most or all of Benton, Carver, Sherburne, Stearns, Wright, and Anoka counties. Many of the Twin Cities' outer northern and western suburbs are included within the boundaries of this district. The St. Cloud Area is the other major center of population for the district.

It is currently represented by Republican House Majority Whip Tom Emmer.

## References
Jake Auchincloss

**Jacob Daniel Auchincloss** ( ; born January 29, 1988) is an American politician, businessman, and Marine Corps officer. He has been the U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 4th congressional district since 2021. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Before, he was a member of the Newton City Council from 2015 to 2021.

## References
## Other websites
* Representative Jake Auchincloss official U.S. House website
* Jake Auchincloss for Congress
*
Massachusetts's 6th congressional district

'''Massachusetts's 6th congressional district''' is located in northeastern Massachusetts. It has almost all of Essex County, including the North Shore and Cape Ann as well as some towns in Middlesex County.

## References
Massachusetts's 8th congressional district

'''Massachusetts's 8th congressional district''' is located in eastern Massachusetts, including the southern fourth of Boston. It is represented by Democrat Stephen Lynch. The new 8th district is made up of many of the communities of the old 9th district, as well as some eastern parts of the Norfolk County communities and northernmost Plymouth County communities of the old 10th district.

## References
Massachusetts's 7th congressional district

'''Massachusetts's 7th congressional district'* is a congressional district located in eastern Massachusetts, including roughly three-fourths of the city of Boston and a few of its northern and southern suburbs. The seat is currently held by Democrat Ayanna Pressley.

According to *The Boston Globe'' and the latest census data, about 33 percent of the population of the district were born outside of the United States, with about 34 percent of the population white, 26 percent African American, and 21 percent Latino.

In 2019, Ayanna Pressley became the first female and person of color to represent the district as well as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in Congress.

## References
Massachusetts's 9th congressional district

'''Massachusetts's 9th congressional district''' is located in eastern Massachusetts. It is represented by Democrat Bill Keating. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+6, it is the least Democratic district in Massachusetts, a state with an all-Democratic congressional delegation.

## References
Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district

'''Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district''' is located in north-central and northeastern Massachusetts. The largest cities in the district are Lowell, Lawrence, Haverhill, Methuen, Billerica (partial), Fitchburg, and Marlborough.

Democrat Lori Trahan has represented the district since 2019.

## References
Delano, Minnesota

**Delano** ( ) is a city in Wright County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 6,484 at the 2020 census.

## References
Swindon North (UK Parliament constituency)

**Swindon North** is a constituency in the House of Commons. Since the 2024 election, it has been represented by Will Stone of the Labour party.

At the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was renamed from **North Swindon** to Swindon North, which was first contested at the general election on 4 July 2024.

It was created for the 1997 General Election, after the former Swindon boundary was split into Swindon North and Swindon South.

## Members of Parliament
## Notes
## References
Brad Finstad

**Bradley Howard Finstad** (born May 30, 1976) is an American politician, farmer, and agricultural consultant. He has been the U.S. representative for  since 2022. He is a member of the Republican Party. Finstad was a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 2003 until 2009.

In 2017 President Donald Trump appointed Finstad as the USDA Rural Development director for Minnesota. He served until shortly after Trump left office in 2021. 

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Campaign website

*
Crossodactylodes

***Crossodactylodes*** or **bromeliad frogs** are a group of frogs that live in the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil.

Most *Crossodactylodes* live on or near bromeliad plants, sometimes for their whole lives. Most of these plants grow on other plants. However, *Crossodactylodes itambe* lives in rock bromeliads in open fields.

## Species
There are five species:
* *Crossodactylodes bokermanni* Peixoto, 1983
* *Crossodactylodes itambe* Barata, Santos, Leite, and Garcias, 2013
* *Crossodactylodes izecksohni* Peixoto, 1983
* *Crossodactylodes pintoi* Cochran, 1938
* *Crossodactylodes septentrionalis* Teixeira, Recoder, Amaro, Damasceno, Cassimiro, and Rodrigues, 2013

## References
Rykodisc

**Rykodisc** is an American record label founded in 1983 by Arthur Mann, Rob Simonds, Barry Buck, and Don Rose in Salem, Massachusetts. It was notable for being the first CD-only record label, pioneering the commercial compact disc era at a time when the format was still emerging.

## History 
Rykodisc was established during the early 1980s with the goal of producing and distributing music exclusively on compact disc, a revolutionary concept at the time. The label’s name is derived from the Japanese word *ryko*, meaning “sound from a flash of light,” a reference to the optical nature of the CD format.

During its early years, Rykodisc licensed a large catalog of classic and contemporary recordings, including releases by artists such as Frank Zappa, David Bowie, Elvis Costello, and Nick Drake. The label gained a reputation for high-quality reissues and attention to audio fidelity.

In the 1990s, Rykodisc expanded into vinyl and cassette releases and acquired several independent labels, including Restless Records and Hannibal Records. The company also launched its own distribution arm, Ryko Distribution, to handle its growing catalog.

In 1998, Rykodisc was acquired by Palm Pictures, and later, in 2006, the label was purchased by Warner Music Group. Following the acquisition, Rykodisc was merged with Warner’s other catalog labels, though the brand continued to appear on reissues and select new projects.

## Notable artists 
Artists who have released music under Rykodisc include:
* Frank Zappa
* David Bowie
* Sugar (band)
* Morphine (band)
* Elvis Costello
* Nick Drake
* They Might Be Giants
* Richard Thompson (musician)
* Brian Eno
* Tom Waits

## Legacy 
Rykodisc is widely regarded as a pioneer in the independent music industry and an early adopter of digital formats. Its catalog became a benchmark for reissue quality, and many of its CD releases are considered collector’s items due to their detailed liner notes and remastering efforts.

Even after its absorption into Warner Music Group, the Rykodisc name continues to hold historical significance in the evolution of the modern record industry.

## See also 
* List of record labels
* Compact disc
* Warner Music Group

## References 
 >https://www.discogs.com/label/818-Rykodisc?srsltid=AfmBOopidmOW-TlTXpv-gzzPXYHwpso5J0ChuiMMkLmG08w07V3TdBgx

## External links 
* Warner Music Group official site
* Rykodisc discography at Discogs
University of Scranton

The **University of Scranton** is a private Jesuit university in Scranton, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1888 by William O'Hara, the first Bishop of Scranton, as **St. Thomas College**. In 1938, the college became a university. 

In 1942, the Society of Jesus took control of the university.
## References
Satsuki Katayama

**Satsuki Katayama** (born **Tomonaga**; 9 May 1959) is a Japanese politician who has been the Minister of Finance since 2025 during the Sanae Takaichi government. She is the first female Finance Minister of the country.

## References
Jonathan Ive

**Jonathan Paul Ive** (born on 27th February 1967) is an industrial designer. He studied design in the UK. He is a master of making consumer products look good. He worked at Apple from 1992 to mid-2010s. It is believed/ reported that he now has US citizenship. He is involved in a wide range of projects including Ferrari, Airbnb, OpenAI and British Museum trusteeship.
## References
It's OK to Be Angry About Capitalism

'''''It's OK to Be Angry About Capitalism'''* is a 2023 book written by Bernie Sanders, a member of the United States Senate from Vermont, and edited by John Nichols, a journalist for *The Nation''. It was published by Crown Publishing Group on February 21.

Sanders dedicated the book to his older brother, Larry.

In the book, Sanders calls American billionaires as oligarchs. He also called Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, "the embodiment of the extreme corporate greed that shapes our times."

## References
The Speech (Sanders book)

***The Speech: A Historic Filibuster on Corporate Greed and the Decline of Our Middle Class*** is a 2011 political book authored by U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders and published by PublicAffairs. In 2015, it was reprinted by Bold Type Books with a new foreword.

The book is a transcript of the filibuster Sanders gave on the U.S. Senate floor on December 10, 2010, against the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010. The speech lasted 8 hours and 37 minutes.

## References
Marca (newspaper)

''''* is a Spanish daily tabloid sport newspaper, that is owned by Unidad Editorial. The newspaper mainly focuses on football, specifically the day-to-day activities of Real Madrid, FC Barcelona, and Atlético Madrid. It has a daily readership of over 2.5 million as of 2007, which is the highest in Spain for a daily newspaper.

In February 2001, they started a 24-hour/day sports radio station called Radio Marca. They also started a TV channel in 2010 called MARCA TV, which was closed in 2013.

## Awards
*Marca'' has given out multiple awards, most of which are for association football players.

### Yearly awards
* Pichichi Trophy – Given to the top goalscorer in both La Liga and the Segunda División.
* Zarra Trophy
* Best Football Player of All Time – Given to Argentine Lionel Messi in 2014, through an online poll voted by Marca.com readers.
* Marca America Award – a special award given to Lionel Messi as recognition for being the player with the most titles in football history.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Official English website
*Radio MARCA website 
*MARCA TV
Choirgirl (song)

"**Choirgirl**" (also released as **Choir Girl** on subsequent releases) is a 1979 song by Australian band Cold Chisel and is the leading single from their third studio album *East*. It went to number 14 in Australia.

## References
Where We Go from Here

***Where We Go from Here: Two Years in the Resistance*** is a book by U.S. Senator from Vermont Bernie Sanders. It was published by Thomas Dunne Books on November 27, 2018.

The book talks about the senator's actions from June 2016 to August 2018 before and after Donald Trump was first elected President of the United States. It also talks about Sanders' political ideology.

After not winning the 2016 Democratic nomination, Sanders talks about why he chose to support Hillary Clinton, mainly because of Donald Trump's racism and corruption as reasons.

In the book, Sanders repeats his belief that only grassroots movements of people can bring political change.

## References
Breakfast at Sweethearts (song)

"**Breakfast at Sweethearts**" is a 1979 song by Australian band Cold Chisel and is the title track to their second studio album *Breakfast at Sweethearts*. It went to number 68 in Australia.

## References
Roberta Alexander

**Roberta Alexander** (March 3, 1949 – October 14, 2025) was an American operatic soprano. She began her career as a lyric soprano in 1975. She was known for her roles as Mozart characters like Elettra, Fiordiligi, and Countess Almaviva. She was a leading soprano at the Metropolitan Opera from 1983 to 1991. She was known for her roles as Mimì in Puccini's *La bohème* and the title role in Janáček's *Jenůfa*. 

Alexander died in Amsterdam, Netherlands on October 14, 2025 from a heart attack, at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Iranian opposition

and the Shah during the Iranian Revolution and is still used by some opposition groups to who don’t like the Shah or the Islamist government.]]
The **Iranian opposition** are the people that oppose the Islamic fundamentalist and authoritarian rulers of the Islamic Republic of Iran. These groups include people with many different ideas, including people who support a republic, people who want to bring back the Shah (King) or Iran, socialists, people who want independence from Iran, supporters of democracy, and Islamic Fundamentalists and extremists who dont support the rulers of Iran.

## References
Bruce Wayne (1989 movie series character)

is known for portraying the character in 1989's *Batman* and 1992's *Batman Returns* directed by Tim Burton, including in the 2023 DC Extended Universe (DCEU) movie *The Flash*.]]
.]]
**Bruce Wayne** is a fictional character from the *Batman* movie series (1989–1997), primarily portrayed by Michael Keaton in Tim Burton's *Batman* (1989) and *Batman Returns* (1992). Based on the DC Comics superhero of the same name, he is a wealthy philanthropist and industrialist, the owner of Wayne Enterprises, and secretly operates as **Batman**, a vigilante hero fighting crime in Gotham City. Bruce Wayne's character is defined by his tragic past—his parents were murdered when he was a child—which motivates his commitment to justice and his alter ego, Batman. He is known for his intelligence, detective skills, martial arts expertise, and use of advanced technology and gadgets.

Actors Val Kilmer and George Clooney replaced Keaton as Batman in Joel Schumacher's *Batman Forever* (1995) and *Batman & Robin* (1997) respectively. Both Keaton and Clooney reprised their roles in *The Flash*, which retroactively incorporates versions of them into two alternate timelines of the DC Extended Universe's continuity. Keaton's portrayal of the character was critically acclaimed and influenced subsequent interpretations.

## Appearances 
### Movie appearances 
* *Batman* (1989)

* *Batman Returns* (1992)

* *The Flash* (2023)

#### Other appearances 
*''Batman '89* (2021–2025 comic book limited series)
***Batman '89: Echoes* (2023)
***Batman '89: Shadows* (2023)
**Batman: Resurrection* (2024 novel)
**Batman: Revolution'' (2025 novel)