April 19

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 69 &ndash; Vitellius is accepted as Roman Emperor.
* 531 &ndash; Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Ar–Raqaah, Syria.
* 1529 &ndash; Protestant Reformation: Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism.
* 1587 &ndash; English seafarer Francis Drake attacks a Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbor.
* 1689 &ndash; Amalienborg castle in Denmark is destroyed by fire.
* 1770 &ndash; James Cook sights the East coast of Australia.
* 1770 &ndash; Marie Antoinette marries the future King Louis XVI of France.
* 1775 &ndash; The American Revolutionary War begins at Lexington, Massachusetts.
* 1782 &ndash; John Adams secures the Dutch Republic's recognition of the United States as an independent state.
* 1809 &ndash; An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn.
* 1810 &ndash; Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General, is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.
* 1839 &ndash; The Treaty of London creates Belgium fully as a kingdom, also separating Luxembourg from Belgium.
* 1861 &ndash; American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861 – A Pro–Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland, attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
* 1865 &ndash; The funeral of Abraham Lincoln takes place in the East Room of the White House in Washington, DC.
* 1882 &ndash; Charles Darwin dies aged 73.
* 1892 &ndash; Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile across the United States.
* 1897 &ndash; The first Boston Marathon takes place.
* 1897 &ndash; Jiroemon Kimura, the oldest man ever, is born in Japan.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1902 &ndash; A magnitude 7.5 earthquake strikes Guatemala, killing 2,000 people.
* 1903 &ndash; The Kishinev pogrom begins in present–day Moldova, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western World.
* 1904 &ndash; A fire in Toronto destroys 104 buildings.
* 1927 &ndash; Mae West is sentenced to ten days in prison for obscenity for her play Sex.
* 1943 &ndash; Holocaust: German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto.
* 1945 &ndash; The Soviet Union and Guatemala establish diplomatic relations.
* 1948 &ndash; Burma joins the UN.
* 1950 &ndash; Argentina signs the Buenos Aires Convention.
* 1951 &ndash; Douglas MacArthur retires from the US military.
* 1954 &ndash; The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan recognizes Urdu and Bengali as the country's official languages.
* 1956 &ndash; Prince Rainier III of Monaco marries Hollywood actress Grace Kelly.
* 1960 &ndash; Students in South Korea hold a nationwide democracy protest against President Rhee Syng-man, who resigns a week later.
* 1971 &ndash; Sierra Leone becomes a Republic, with Siaka Stevens as President.
* 1971 &ndash; Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station.
* 1975 &ndash; India's first satellite, Aryabhata, is launched.
* 1984 &ndash; Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold become the official national colors.
* 1985 &ndash; The Soviet Union carries out nuclear tests in eastern Kazakhstan.
* 1987 &ndash; The Simpsons premiere on the Tracey Ullman Show.
* 1989 &ndash; A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
* 1993 &ndash; The 51–day siege at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, ends as fire breaks out, killing 82 cult members, including David Koresh.
* 1993 &ndash; George S. Mickelson, Governor of South Dakota, is killed along with six others, when an airplane crashes in Iowa.
* 1995 &ndash; Timothy McVeigh carries out the Oklahoma City bombing, killing 169 people.
* 1997 &ndash; Grand Forks, South Dakota, is overwhelmed by flooding from the Red River.
* 1998 &ndash; Thomas Klestil is elected to a second term as President of Austria.
* 1999 &ndash; The German Bundestag moves its seat to Berlin.
* 2000 &ndash; A Philippine Airlines Boeing 737–200 crashes on landing at the island of Sanal in the Philippines, killing all 131 people on board.

### From 2001 
* 2005 &ndash; Joseph Alois Ratzinger is chosen to become Pope. He chooses to be known as Pope Benedict XVI.
* 2011 &ndash; Fidel Castro resigns from the Communist Party of Cuba's central committee, after 45 years.
* 2013 &ndash; Jiroemon Kimura becomes the first man to reach the age of 116 years. He is the oldest man ever; the oldest–ever person is Jeanne Calment, who lived to 122.
* 2013 &ndash; Aftermath of 2013 Boston Marathon bombings: A police officer is shot dead in the early hours of the morning, before one of the suspects is killed in shoot–out with police, after which a lock–down is enforced in Boston. The second suspect is later arrested after a stand–off in the Watertown area of Greater Boston.
* 2013 &ndash; Nicolas Maduro becomes President of Venezuela. He had already served in a caretaker capacity after the death of Hugo Chávez on March 5.
* 2015 &ndash; A migrant boat sinks off the southern Italian island of Lampedusa, killing an estimated 700 people, making this the deadliest such tragedy in the Mediterranean Sea to date.
* 2018 &ndash; Miguel Diaz-Canel is chosen to succeed Raul Castro as President of Cuba.
* 2018 &ndash; Mswati III of Swaziland, on his 50th birthday, announces a change to the country's official name from "Kingdom of Swaziland" to "Kingdom of eSwatini".

## Births 
### Up to 1800 
* 1320 &ndash; King Peter I of Portugal (d. 1367)
* 1452 &ndash; King Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1504)
* 1603 &ndash; Michel le Tellier, French statesman (d. 1685)
* 1605 &ndash; Antonio Bertali, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1669)
* 1613 &ndash; Christoph Bach, grandfather of Johann Sebastian Bach (d. 1661)
* 1658 &ndash; Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (d. 1716)
* 1665 &ndash; Jacques Lelong, French bibliographer (d. 1721)
* 1686 &ndash; Vasily Tatishchev, Russian statesman (d. 1750)
* 1721 &ndash; Roger Sherman, signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (d. 1793)
* 1721 &ndash; Thomas McKean, signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)
* 1759 &ndash; August Wilhelm Iffland, German actor and dramatist (d. 1814)
* 1785 &ndash; Alexandre Pierre François Boëly, French composer (d. 1858)
* 1791 &ndash; William Orlando Butler, American politician (d. 1880)
* 1793 &ndash; Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (d. 1875)

### 1801 &ndash; 1900 
* 1832 &ndash; José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize winner (d. 1916)
* 1847 &ndash; Eva Gonzales, French painter (d. 1883)
* 1874 &ndash; Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (d. 1952)
* 1877 &ndash; Ole Evinrude, Norwegian–American inventor (d. 1934)
* 1882 &ndash; Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (d. 1954)
* 1883 &ndash; Richard von Mises, Austrian mathematician (d. 1953)
* 1883 &ndash; Henry Jameson, American soccer player (d. 1938)
* 1892 &ndash; Germaine Tailleferre, French composer (d. 1983)
* 1894 &ndash; Elizabeth Dilling, American writer and activist (d. 1966)
* 1897 &ndash; Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)
* 1897 &ndash; Jiroemon Kimura, Japanese supercentenarian, world's oldest man and oldest man ever (d. 2013)
* 1898 &ndash; Constance Talmadge, American actress (d. 1973)
* 1899 &ndash; George O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
* 1900 &ndash; Richard Hughes, British novelist (d. 1976)
* 1900 &ndash; Roland Michener, Governor–General of Canada (d. 1991)
* 1900 &ndash; Aleksandr Ptushko, Soviet–Russian movie director and screenwriter (d. 1973)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Veniamin Kaverin, Russian writer (d. 1989)
* 1903 &ndash; Eliot Ness, American lawman (d. 1957)
* 1912 &ndash; Glenn Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
* 1914 &ndash; Ugo Poletti, Italian cardinal (d. 1997)
* 1917 &ndash; Sven Hassel, Danish writer (d. 2012)
* 1920 &ndash; Julien Ries, Belgian cardinal (d. 2013)
* 1921 &ndash; Roberto Tucci, Italian cardinal (d. 2015)
* 1922 &ndash; Erich Hartmann, fighter pilot with the most amount of kills (352) (d. 1993)
* 1924 &ndash; Werner Kohlmeyer, German footballer (d. 1974)
* 1925 &ndash; Hugh O'Brian, American actor (d. 2016)
* 1928 &ndash; Azlan Shah of Perak, 9th Yang–di Pertuan Agong (Head of State) of Malaysia and Sultan of Perak (d. 2014)
* 1928 &ndash; Alexis Korner, musician (d. 1984)
* 1930 &ndash; Dick Sargent, actor (d. 1994)
* 1932 &ndash; Fernando Botero, Colombian painter and sculptor
* 1933 &ndash; Jayne Mansfield, American actress (d. 1967)
* 1933 &ndash; Dickie Bird, English cricket umpire
* 1934 &ndash; Jean Ziegler, Swiss sociologist and politician
* 1934 &ndash; Ox Baker, American wrestler and actor (d. 2014)
* 1935 &ndash; Dudley Moore, English actor, musician, comedian, composer (d. 2002)
* 1935 &ndash; Justin Francis Rigali, American cardinal
* 1936 &ndash; Wilfried Martens, former Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2013)
* 1936 &ndash; Séamus Pattison, Irish politician (d. 2018)
* 1937 &ndash; Elinor Donahue, American actress
* 1937 &ndash; Joseph Estrada, Filipino actor and politician, former President of the Philippines
* 1937 &ndash; Antonio Carluccio, Italian–English chef and writer (d. 2017)
* 1938 &ndash; Gil Santos, American sports announcer (d. 2018)
* 1940 &ndash; Dougal Haston, Scottish mountaineer (d. 1977)
* 1940 &ndash; Genya Ravan, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1941 &ndash; Roberto Carlos, Brazilian singer and composer
* 1941 &ndash; Alan Price, English musician
* 1941 &ndash; Michel Roux, French–British chef and restaurateur
* 1942 &ndash; Bas Jan Ader, Dutch artist (d. 1975)
* 1942 &ndash; Frank Elstner, German entertainer
* 1943 &ndash; Margo MacDonald, Scottish journalist and politician (d. 2014)
* 1943 &ndash; Lorenzo Sanz, Spanish businessman
* 1944 &ndash; James Heckman, American economist, Nobel Prize
* 1944 &ndash; Bernie Worrell, keyboardist (P Funk)
* 1946 &ndash; Tim Curry, British actor
* 1946 &ndash; Mary Jo Slater, American casting director and producer
* 1947 &ndash; Murray Perahia, American pianist
* 1949 &ndash; Joachim Sauer, husband of German Chancellor Angela Merkel
* 1949 &ndash; Paloma Picasso, designer, daughter of Pablo Picasso

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Jóannes Eidesgaard, former Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
* 1952 &ndash; Alexis Argüello, Nicaraguan boxer and politician (d. 2009)
* 1953 &ndash; Sara Simeoni, Italian athlete
* 1953 &ndash; Ruby Wax, American–born British television personality
* 1954 &ndash; Trevor Francis, English footballer
* 1956 &ndash; Sue Barker, English tennis player and television presenter
* 1956 &ndash; Lane Hoppen, American singer–songwriter and musician (Orleans)
* 1956 &ndash; Randy Carlyle, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
* 1957 &ndash; Tony Martin, English singer and musician
* 1958 &ndash; Denis O'Brien, Irish businessman
* 1960 &ndash; Nicoletta Braschi, Italian actress and producer
* 1960 &ndash; Ara Gevorgyan, Armenian musician, composer and musical producer
* 1960 &ndash; Frank Viola, American baseball player
* 1960 &ndash; Roger Merrett, Australian footballer
* 1962 &ndash; Al Unser, Jr., race car driver
* 1963 &ndash; Mika Kojonskoski, Finnish ski jumper
* 1964 &ndash; Gordon Marshall, Scottish footballer and coach
* 1965 &ndash; Suge Knight, record producer
* 1965 &ndash; Natalie Dessay, French soprano
* 1967 &ndash; Philippe Sainte-André, French rugby player and coach
* 1967 &ndash; Steven H Silver, science fiction editor
* 1967 &ndash; Dar Williams, American musician and songwriter
* 1968 &ndash; Mswati III, King of Swaziland
* 1968 &ndash; Ashley Judd, American actress
* 1968 &ndash; Arshad Warsi, Indian actor, singer and producer
* 1968 &ndash; Pascal Kleiman, Spanish DJ, producer and songwriter
* 1969 &ndash; Susan Polgar, Hungarian–American chess player
* 1970 &ndash; Kelly Holmes, British athlete, double Olympic champion
* 1970 &ndash; Luis Miguel, Mexican singer
* 1972 &ndash; Rivaldo, Brazilian footballer
* 1972 &ndash; Django Asül, German actor and comedian 
* 1973 &ndash; Alessandro Preziosi, Italian actor
* 1975 &ndash; Jason Gillespie, Australian cricketer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Scott Padgett, American basketball player, coach and radio host
* 1978 &ndash; James Franco, American actor
* 1978 &ndash; Gabriel Heinze, Argentine footballer
* 1979 &ndash; Kate Hudson, American actress
* 1979 &ndash; Zhao Junzhe, Chinese footballer
* 1980 &ndash; Jason Blaine, Canadian singer-songwriter
* 1980 &ndash; Robyn Regehr, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1981 &ndash; Hayden Christensen, Canadian actor
* 1981 &ndash; Catalina Sandino Moreno, actress
* 1981 &ndash; James Hibberd, English cricketer
* 1981 &ndash; Ryuta Hara, Japanese footballer
* 1985 &ndash; Valon Behrami, Swiss footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Heather Kuzmich, American model
* 1987 &ndash; Joe Hart, English footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Maria Sharapova, Russian tennis player
* 1987 &ndash; Lauren Wilson, Canadian figure skater
* 1988 &ndash; Haruna Kojima, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48)
* 1989 &ndash; Daisuke Watabe, Japanese footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Damien Le Tallec, French footballer
* 1992 &ndash; Nick Pope, English footballer
* 1994 &ndash; Lee Areum, South Korean singer
* 2016 &ndash; Prince Alexander, Duke of Södermanland, Swedish royal

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 1012 &ndash; Alphege, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 954)
* 1054 &ndash; Pope Leo IX (b. 1002)
* 1321 &ndash; Patriarch Gerasimus I of Constantinople
* 1390 &ndash; King Robert II of Scotland (b. 1316)
* 1560 &ndash; Philipp Melanchthon, German humanist and reformer (b. 1497)
* 1578 &ndash; Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1530)
* 1588 &ndash; Paolo Veronese, Italian painter (b. 1528)
* 1608 &ndash; Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset, English statesman and poet (b. 1536)
* 1689 &ndash; Christina of Sweden (b. 1626)
* 1733 &ndash; Elizabeth Villiers, mistress to William III of England (b. 1655)
* 1768 &ndash; Canaletto, Italian artist (b. 1697)
* 1791 &ndash; Richard Price, Welsh philosopher (b. 1723)
* 1824 &ndash; Lord Byron, English poet (b. 1788)
* 1881 &ndash; Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)
* 1882 &ndash; Charles Darwin, British naturalist (b. 1809)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1906 &ndash; Pierre Curie, French scientist (b. 1859)
* 1906 &ndash; Spencer Gore, British tennis player and cricketer (b. 1850)
* 1914 &ndash; Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher (b. 1838)
* 1916 &ndash; Ephraim Shay, American engineer (b. 1839)
* 1949 &ndash; Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (b. 1877)
* 1950 &ndash; Ernst Robert Curtius, Alsatian philologist (b. 1886)
* 1958 &ndash; Artur Kukk, Estonian wrestler (b. 1899)
* 1966 &ndash; Javier Solis, Mexican singer (b. 1931)
* 1967 &ndash; Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
* 1974 &ndash; Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (b. 1907)
* 1988 &ndash; Kwon Ki-ok, first female pilot in Korea (b. 1901)
* 1989 &ndash; Daphne du Maurier, British writer (b. 1907)
* 1991 &ndash; Stanley Hawes, British–Australian producer, director and administrator (b. 1905)
* 1992 &ndash; Frankie Howerd, British comedian and actor (b. 1917)
* 1993 &ndash; David Koresh, American cult leader (b. 1959)
* 1993 &ndash; George S. Mickelson, 28th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1941)
* 1998 &ndash; Octavio Paz, Mexican writer (b. 1914)

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Meldrim Thomson, Jr., 73rd Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1912)
* 2004 &ndash; Norris McWhirter, co–founder of the Guinness Book of World Records (b. 1925)
* 2004 &ndash; John Maynard Smith, British theoretical evolutionary biologist (b. 1920)
* 2005 &ndash; Ruth Hussey, American actress (b. 1911)
* 2006 &ndash; Albert Scott Crossfield, American engineer, pilot and astronaut (b. 1921)
* 2007 &ndash; Jean-Pierre Cassel, French actor (b. 1932)
* 2008 &ndash; Germaine Tillion, French anthropologist and Resistance activist (b. 1907)
* 2009 &ndash; J. G. Ballard, British writer (b. 1930)
* 2010 &ndash; Guru, American rapper (b. 1961)
* 2011 &ndash; Elisabeth Sladen, British actress (b. 1948)
* 2011 &ndash; Grete Waitz, Norwegian marathon runner (b. 1953)
* 2012 &ndash; Valeri Vasiliev, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1949)
* 2012 &ndash; Levon Helm, American musician and actor (b. 1940)
* 2013 &ndash; François Jacob, French biologist (b. 1920)
* 2013 &ndash; Al Neuharth, American journalist, writer and publisher (b. 1924)
* 2014 &ndash; Frits Thors, Dutch journalist (b. 1909)
* 2014 &ndash; Mimi Kok, Dutch actress (b. 1934)
* 2014 &ndash; Sonia Silvestre, Dominican singer (b. 1952)
* 2014 &ndash; Luciano do Valle, Brazilian sports commentator (b. 1947)
* 2015 &ndash; Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi (b. 1915)
* 2015 &ndash; Tom McCabe, Scottish politician (b. 1954)
* 2015 &ndash; Uche Chukwumerije, Nigerian politician (b. 1939)
* 2015 &ndash; Theodosia Okoh, Ghanaian flag designer and sports administrator (b. 1922)
* 2015 &ndash; Raymond Carr, British historian (b. 1919)
* 2015 &ndash; Ali Abu Mukhammad, Dagestani–Russian Islamist leader (b. 1972)
* 2016 &ndash; Patricio Aylwin, President of Chile (b. 1918)
* 2016 &ndash; Estelle Balet, Swiss snowboarder (b. 1994)
* 2016 &ndash; Ronit Elkabetz, Israeli actress (b. 1964)
* 2016 &ndash; Walter Kohn, Austrian–American theoretical physicist (b. 1923)
* 2016 &ndash; Mehrdad Oladi, Iranian footballer (b. 1985)
* 2016 &ndash; Milt Pappas, American baseball player (b. 1939)
* 2016 &ndash; Billy Redmayne, Manx motorcycle racer (b. 1990)
* 2017 &ndash; Delbert Daisey, American conservationist (b. 1928)
* 2017 &ndash; Aaron Hernandez, American football player (b. 1989)
* 2017 &ndash; Lyda Ann Thomas, American politician (b. 1936)
* 2018 &ndash; Cornelius Jakobs, Estonian–Russian Orthodox hierarch (b. 1924)
* 2018 &ndash; Luis Montes Mieza, Spanish anaesthetist and activist (b. 1949)
* 2018 &ndash; Walter Moody, American murderer (b. 1935)
* 2018 &ndash; Gil Santos, American sports announcer (b. 1938)
* 2019 &ndash; Martin Böttcher, German film composer and conductor (b. 1927)
* 2019 &ndash; Massimo Marino, Italian television presenter (b. 1960)
* 2019 &ndash; Patrick Sercu, Belgian cyclist (b. 1944)
* 2019 &ndash; Rodolfo Severino Jr., Filipino diplomat (b. 1936)
* 2019 &ndash; Okiharu Yasuoka, Japanese politician (b. 1939)

## Observances 
* **Bicycle Day** 
* Dutch–American friendship day
* King Mswati III's birthday (Swaziland)
* Patriots' Day (Massachusetts, Maine, Wisconsin)
* Beginning of Independence Movement (Venezuela)
* Most common date for Easter, last in 1992