open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Great Plains

of the Great Plains with a red line showing the 100th meridian]]

The **Great Plains** is a large space of level land or prairie in the middle and western parts of North America. It is a steppe or grassland.

The western boundary is the Rocky Mountains.  In the east, the Great Plains grassland becomes the tallgrass of the Mississippi River basin. The prairie is (in whole or part) in eleven U.S. states, and in the southern parts of three Canadian provinces.

In the Great Plains, summers are hot and humid, but winters are cold. Bison used to number millions, and were the main food for people there. Now the area is mainly sown with cereal crops which feed cattle and people.

## Related pages 
*Grassland

## Other websites 
*North Dakota State University: *The Geologic Story of The Great Plains* 
*Kansas Heritage Group: *Native Prairie, Preserve, Flowers, and Research*
*Library of Congress: *Great Plains*
*University of Nebraska-Lincoln: *The Great Plains Study*
Mythology

A **myth** is a story about the remote past which is considered true within the society in which it is told. Creation myths take place long ago, during the first existing period of time: the primordial age. 

*Legend* refers to the collected myths of a group of peopletheir body of stories which they tell to explain nature, history, and customs. It can also refer to the study of such myths.

Myths are often associated with religion or spirituality and can be very important to those who believe in them.  

## Characteristics 
Mythological characters are normally non-human; they can be gods, demigods, and other supernatural figures. Some myths are used to explain how a particular reality came into existence, how a society works, and why it is structured the way it is. In contrast, legends usually feature human characters and folktales are understood as fiction.

The word myth is often used to mean *false*. For this reason, some religious people object to their beliefs being called myths and some scholars choose to avoid it in favour of other terms. Other scholars choose to call all religious stories myths in order to avoid treating one religion as more important or true than another.

## Content of myths 
All cultures have developed their own mythology over time. Mythology includes the legends of their history, their religions, their heroes, and their stories of how the world was created. These stories have a great symbolic power, and this may be a major reason why they survive as long as they do, sometimes for thousands of years.

The main characters in myths are usually gods, demigods, or supernatural humans, while legends generally feature humans as their main characters.

Often, myths explain how a society's customs, institutions and taboos were established and sanctified. Folktales are different: the people who tell them know they're fiction. Sometimes myths and legends get merged. Their divine characters get recast as humans or as demihumans (such as giants, elves, and faeries). 

Creation myths describe the "official" belief as to how world was created. These myths differ greatly between societies, as any collection of myths clearly shows. Over the last three centuries, the power of myths over the minds of people has been challenged by the growth of science.

## Historians' views on myths
Many historians think myths are about actual events that have become connected with strong symbolic meaning. 

One way of thinking about this process is to imagine 'myths' as lying at the far end of an imaginary line. At one end of the line is 'dispassionate [unemotional] account', and 'legendary occurrence' or 'mythical status' is near the other end. 

As an event progresses toward the 'mythical' end of this line or continuum, the way people think, feel and talk about the event changes. It may gain greater historical significance while the 'facts' become less important. By the time one arrives at the mythical end of the line, the story has "taken on a life of its own" and the facts of the original event have become almost unimportant.

## Related pages
* Mythology (book)
* Social psychology

## References
List of mythologies

**Mythology** is the collection of myths for a culture. A myth is a story or series of stories used to explain the world around you and describe what is happening, such as why weather happens. Myths usually have heroes, gods, and creatures that are bigger or more fantastic than real life, or sometimes just normal people doing amazing things. Some myths try to explain the natural world. One example is the Greek myth of Arachne.  She believed that she could weave far better than anyone else, including the goddess Athena. So, Athena challenged Arachne to a weaving contest. Arachne lost, then was turned into a spider. This myth explains why spiders weave webs.

## A few mythologies 
* Hindu mythology
* Roman mythology
* Greek mythology
* Manipuri mythology (Meitei mythology) 
* Norse mythology
* Japanese mythology
* Anglo-Saxon mythology
* Etruscan mythology
* Chinese mythology
* Māori mythology
* Native American mythology
* Australian Aboriginal mythology
* Celtic mythology
* Iranian mythology
* Korean mythology
* Slavic mythology
* Armenian mythology
* African mythology
* Polynesian mythology
* Inuit mythology
* Babylonian mythology
* Sumerian mythology
* Egyptian mythology
* Mayan mythology
* Aztec mythology
* Inca mythology
* Filipino mythology

## Related pages 
* Myth
Meaning of life

Many religions, viewpoints, and creative artists have tried to find the **meaning of life**, but have no sensible answer. Some people say that we will never know what the meaning of life is. Many religions claim to offer some answers. There are also sets of ideas called philosophies which try to answer this question. There are also artists who paint or create sculptures to try expressing life. There are musicians who write music and writers who write stories that try to explain life. 

Many have different opinions on what the meaning is. Some say life is a war zone where we are the soldiers fighting in that war for survival. Some think it is all about the relationships that we make in our life. Some people say that life is full of violence and hatred but some say that life is full of hope and happiness. Still, other people say that the meaning of life is to achieve the goals you set in life. According to Douglas Adams, the answer to the question is 42. The biological answer is to have children, which is to pass on your genes. Others say the meaning of life is simply to live your life to the fullest.
Some say, however, the meaning of life is simply to give life a meaning. However, life can also be an illusion, or maybe a mere mirror of a different universe. Maybe we really don't have any control over our or the universe's actions, since we are all just imitating a different universe. We can never really know. Philosophies such as nihilism and absurdism deny that life has any meaning.
Or maybe the true meaning of life is to live it completely how you want to, then find out the meaning of it at the end. The meaning could be unique to all of us.

Others, like Solomon, argue that 'life is useless'. (Ecclesiastes 1:2)     

## Related pages 
* Death
* Existential crisis
Illinois River

The **Illinois River** is a river in the United States. It is in the state of Illinois. It is an important tributary of the Mississippi River. The length of the river is about 439 km.

## Geography 
The source of the river is in northeastern Illinois, near the city of Joliet. It flows west across Illinois, then southwest. It passes the city of Peoria, the largest city on the river.

It flows into southwestern Illinois. It joins the Mississippi River 40 km north of Saint Louis, Missouri. 
There is separate Illinois river that runs through the northernmost edge of Oklahoma.

The river was used for transportation by the Native Americans. It was also used by early French trappers. It was an important route between the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes.

In the 19th century a canal was built that connected the river to Lake Michigan. Large ships now use this canal to go from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River. The canal goes through the city of Chicago. It is one of the reasons that Chicago became a big city.
Weather

**Weather** is the day-to-day or hour-to-hour change in the atmosphere. Weather includes wind, lightning, storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, rain, hail, snow, and lots more. Energy from the Sun affects the weather too. 
Climate tells us what kinds of weather usually happen in an area at different times of the year. 
Changes in weather can affect the mood and life of many living things. People wear different clothes and do different things in different weather conditions. They also choose different  food in different seasons.      

Weather stations around the world measure different parts of weather. Ways to measure weather are wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity. People try to use these measurements to make weather forecasts for the future.  These people are  scientists that are called *meteorologists*. They use computers to build large mathematical models to follow weather trends.
## Severe weather
Severe weather can hurt people and their property. It can also just be a bother. Some examples of severe weather are:
* Tropical cyclones
* Rainstorms
* Drought
* Heat waves
* Tornadoes

## Causes of weather
Weather happens because different parts of the Earth get different amounts of heat from the Sun. This makes different climates. The tropics get the most heat because the Sun shines straight down on them, while the poles get the least heat because the Sun shines on them from a low angle. Warmer air is lighter than cooler air and rises higher in the sky by convection.

The air always has some water mixed with it. This is called humidity. When it cools, the water can change from a gas to a liquid through condensation. Then the water can fall from the sky as rain or snow. After the air rises, it gets colder and goes back towards the ground. Because the air lost its water before, it is dry when it comes back to the ground. When two air masses of different temperatures meet, this is called a warm front or cold front. The ways that the air moves around the Earth are called atmospheric circulation.

## Other websites 
* National Weather Service
* NOAA
* Weather
* Internet Geography's weather page 
* The Weather Channel
Minnesota River

The **Minnesota River** is a river in the United States. It is in the northern United States, in the state of Minnesota. It is a tributary of the Mississippi River. It is about 534 km long.

The source of the river is a lake in western Minnesota. The lake is called Big Stone Lake. The lake is on the border between the state of Minnesota and the state of South Dakota. From its source, the Minnesota flows southeast. At Mankato, it turns northeast. It joins the Mississippi just south of the cities of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.

The Minnesota River was formed after the last ice age in North America.
Brussels

]]
**Brussels** (, , ) is the capital city of Belgium and the European Union. 

In 2007, 145,917 people lived there. But the area around it, known as the Brussels-Capital Region, had 1,031,215 people (which makes it the largest city area in Belgium).

The people of Brussels speak mainly French and Flemish (a type of Dutch). There are lots of other languages spoken as well, because the European Union offices are there and because many thousands of immigrants from all over the world live there.

The city is at 50° 50 North, 04° 21 East. It has an oceanic climate (*Cfb* in the Köppen climate classification). 

Thirty-one people were killed in a terrorist attack on 22 March 2016.

## Influence
Many popular European comics came from Brussels, such as Tintin, The Smurfs, Snorks, and Lucky Luke. 

It is also well known for a style of building known as *Art Nouveau*.

The vegetables Brussels sprouts are named after the city, and Brussels is also famous for its waffles and its chocolates.

A lot of tourists visit Brussels for the statue *Manneken Pis*.

## References
## Other websites
*Interactive map of Brussels
*Site of the Brussels-Capital Region
*About the Cartoon Wall Paintings in Brussels
Thuringia

**Thuringia** (German: *Thüringen*) is a Bundesland of Germany. It lies in central Germany and has an area of . This means Thuringia is the sixth smallest state in Germany by area. It has 2.1 million inhabitants, so it is the fifth smallest state in Germany by population. The capital is Erfurt.

## History 
: 1920 the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, the Duchies of Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Gotha (part of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) and the Principalities of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Greiz and Gera united to make the Free State of Thuringia.
: 1949 Thuringia and Erfurt became a new state of the DDR
: 1952 It became divided in three Districts *Bezirke* (Erfurt, Gera and Suhl)
: 1990 *Thuringia* became a Bundesland in the reunited Germany.

## Geography 
Thuringia borders on the German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony, Bavaria and Hesse.
The most conspicuous geographical feature of Thuringia is the Thuringia Forest (Thüringer Wald). In the northwest Thuringia includes a small part of the Harz mountains. The Saale river runs through Jena.
The biggest mountain in Thuringia is with 982m the Großer Beerberg in the
Thuringia Forest.

## List of Minister-Presidents of Thuringia 
: 1945: Hermann Brill
: 1945 - 1947: Rudolf Paul
: 1947 - 1952: Werner Eggerath
: 1990 - 1992: Josef Duchac
: 1992 - 2003: Bernhard Vogel (CDU)
: 2003 - 2009: Dieter Althaus (CDU)
: 2009 - 2014: Christine Lieberknecht (CDU)
: since 2014: Bodo Ramelow (Die Linke)

## Cities in Thuringia 
* Erfurt
* Gera
* Jena
* Weimar
* Suhl
* Eisenach
* Gotha

## References
Saxony

**Saxony** ( ; ), officially the **Free State of Saxony** (German:  , Upper Sorbian: ), is one of =16 States (Staaten) of Germany (not inkl. Anklawes World)., Bezirken: Dresden, Leipzig, Carl_Marx_Stadt,. DDR. 
It is in the southeast of the country, north of TSCHSSR (Czech Republic). To the east of Saxony is PNR (Poland).
 The biggest city is Leipzig. 
The capital is called Dresden..

 It was founded in 1990.

## Geography 
Saxony is the border of Germany to the two countries Poland and Czech Republic. In the north of Saxony is Brandenburg, another German state. Saxony's west border is to Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Bavaria. A big part of the border to the Czech Republic are the Ore Mountains in the south of Saxony.

### Cities and towns 
### Districts 
Saxony is divided into 3 administrative districts (Chemnitz, Dresden and Leipzig). These are subdivided into 10 districts:

(The car licence plate of the areas are in brackets)

### Urban districts 
Saxony has three urban districts which do not belong to the rural districts.
* Chemnitz (C)
* Dresden (DD)
* Leipzig (L)

## History 
The first Free State of Saxony was founded in 1918, after the first World War.

 After the second World War, in 1945, the "country of Saxony" was founded. 
Later the Country was divided into 3 Bezirken of the German Democratic Republic (DDR), and thus robbed of its sovereignty.

In 1990 the Free State of Saxony was officially re-founded as a part of Germany.

## Population development 
The number of people in Saxony since 1905:

| valign="top" |

|}

## Other websites 
* Official governmental portal 
* Nature of Saxony 
* Facts about Saxony (Statistisches Landesamt) 
* 
* Christmas time in Saxony
* some facts about Saxony

## References
Swahili language

The **Swahili language** is a language widely spoken in East Africa. In the language, its name is ''''. It is a Bantu language.

Swahili is spoken in a wide area from southern Somalia to northern Mozambique and in all of Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi. Congo has five million first-language speakers and fifty million second-language speakers. Swahili has become a language with which people communicate within East Africa and the surrounding areas.

Swahili was first spoken by the Swahili people, who live on the coast of East Africa and on the islands near the coast, including Zanzibar, which is now a part of Tanzania.

Swahili is an official language in Tanzania and Kenya. It has been influenced by many other languages like Arabic.

## Sample words 
* city - 
* country - 
* earth - 
* no - 
* okay - 
* water - 
* yes - 
* me - 

## References
## Other websites 
* Kamusi Project  Internet Living Swahili Dictionary
Coden, Alabama

**Coden** is a small fishing village near Bayou la Batre, Alabama, USA. It is about 20 miles southwest of Mobile, near the Alabama/Mississippi border. The name of the town comes from ''Coq d'Inde'', which is French for "Turkey".

Around 1900, the area was known as a resort, which is a place people go to on their vacations.  The Rolston Hotel brought visitors from all over the region. When it was destroyed by a hurricane, the community fell on hard times. The Rolston Hotel property now belongs to the City Of Bayou La Batre and is a park that  is  attracting people from other areas who want cool ocean breezes and peace that originally brought visitors. It is nice because it has the gentle sound of the water of Portersville Bay, fishing, and relaxation. Fresh seafood can be found on Shell Belt Road from fishing boats returning to Bayou Coden. Coden is on the southern shore of the mainland, across the Mississippi Sound from Dauphin Island and is one stop along Alabama's Coastal Birding Trail.
Long jump

]]
The **long jump** is a sport in track and field athletics, where athletes compete by comparing lengths of their jumps where athletes try to jump as far as they can. For this, the athlete runs down the runway to the jumping pit which is made of soft sand. If a person falls backwards when jumping, this can decrease the length of their jump.

## Rules 
Long jump is a sport in which, the athlete who jumps the longest by legal means, wins. The athlete begins running from his or her starting position and after attaining sufficient velocity, jumps, landing in a sand pit, which is fitted with distance markers. There is a foul line, in the run-up area, that the athlete has to be aware of; jumping from beyond this line results in a ‘foul jump’. Jumpers try to get as close to the foul line as legally possible before initiating their jump.

## Related pages
*High jump
*Triple jump

## Notes
## Other websites
*Powell vs Lewis Tokyo 91 (video)
Ulster

**Ulster** is one of the four historical provinces which make up the island of Ireland. The others are Leinster, Munster and Connacht. 

There are nine counties in Ulster. Three of them are in the Republic of Ireland:
*County Cavan
*County Donegal
*County Monaghan 

The other six counties make up all of Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom:
*County Antrim
*County Armagh
*County Down
*County Fermanagh
*County Londonderry
*County Tyrone

Due to the fact that most of Ulster is in Northern Ireland, the name "Ulster" is also sometimes used to mean *Northern Ireland*, even though Northern Ireland is only part of Ulster. This is called *totum pro parte* in Latin which means "the whole for a part".
Boss

A **boss** is a person who is in charge of workers in a company or organization. Bosses can have many different job titles. Simple examples include manager, supervisor and director.

**Boss** may also mean:

* Boss (video gaming), a particularly powerful enemy or opponent in a video game
* Boss (crime), head of a criminal organization

## Related pages 
* Executive (disambiguation)
* Leader
Question

A **question** is what someone asks, usually when there is something that he or she does not know.  In writing, a question mark ("?") comes at the end of a question. However, just because a question is asked does not mean there is an answer.

## Types of question
Sometimes a question has a simple answer like "Yes" or "No".
Sometimes a question has a more complicated answer like "Maybe", or "I don't know". There are so many types of questions and so many ways of answering questions.

## Examples of these questions
People may give a short answer. People may give a long answer. It depends on the question.
*"Guess what?"
*"Who are you?"
*"Can I help you?"
*"Do you speak English?"
*"Is this your bag?"
*"What time is it?"
*"Where are you from?"
*"Why are you doing that?"
*"Who do you want to see?"
*"When will tea be ready?"
*"What did you say?"
*"How old are you?"
*"What time is the football game?"
*"Why do you look so funny?"
*"Why did the chicken cross the road?"
*"Where can I find the nearest subway station?"
*"Why do you allow people to change an online encyclopedia?"

## Types
Different kinds of why questions need different kinds of answers. A question like "Why did you do that?" clearly asks for an explanation. What that explanation might be depends on context. This kind of explanation is not right or wrong: it all depends on . The question and answer may also have to do with "who", "what", "when" and "where".

There are types or forms of explanations, including:
* explanations which are based on a principle or theory.
::*Who should I listen to?* Answer: *Mother knows best.*
* explanations which rely on a model or pattern.
::*Where does this part go?* Answer: *The pocket is on the left side of the shirt*.
* explanations which tell a story or .

## References
Coat

]]
A **coat** is a piece of clothing that is worn over a person's upper body. It can be used to keep warm or dry (a raincoat). It also may be worn to make a person look good. A coat usually has long sleeves, and is fastened at the front. Sometimes it includes collars, shoulder straps and hoods. One type of coat is a jacket.

## References 
## Other websites
Minute

A **minute** is a customary unit of time. It is equal to 60 seconds. There are 60 minutes in an hour. Unlike the second, the minute is not an SI unit.

A minute is also  of a degree. In this context, a minute is also called an **arcminute**, and is written with the ' symbol.

For example, the Sun and Moon both have angular diameters of about 30 arcminutes—when seen from Earth.

## Related pages 
* Arcsecond

## References
Head

The **head** is the part of the body where the brain is, which is protected and surrounded by the cranium, which is part of the skull. It is also where the face is, which has a lot of your  like seeing and hearing. Not all  have heads, like  or a lot of other things that .

## In medicine 
Some people get pains in their head , known as headaches. Also, some people have worse pains in their head called migraines. Some people heal people's heads, sometimes these people are special kinds of doctors called  or head and neck doctors.

## Uses 
Different things may be worn on the head, for example hats or wigs.

## Other meanings 
A *head* in English can also mean a person in charge of something, such as the head of a company.

Also, the word *head* can also mean the  of something. An example of this is the word "Headline", meaning large words on the front page of a newspaper.
## References
New York

**New York** might mean:

* New York (state), a state of the United States
* New York City, the largest city in that state
* New York County, New York, a county in that state that is the same as the Borough of Manhattan of New York City
* New York metropolitan area, covering New York City and several nearby counties in New York and New Jersey
Albania

**Albania** ( ; ), officially called the **Republic of Albania** is an independent country located in Southeast Europe, more specifically it is located in the Balkans. The capital is Tirana, and other important cities are Durrës, Elbasan and Vlora. Over 3 million people live in the area of  that Albanians call their home. The majority of Albanians are Muslim with 55%, 23% Eastern Orthodox and 15% Roman Catholics.

Albania is next to Montenegro, Serbia, North Macedonia, Kosovo and Greece. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea in the west, and a coast on the Ionian Sea in the southwest. The official language is Albanian (Gjuha Shqipe). The national anthem is *Hymni i Flamurit*.

## History
Albania was the southern part of *Illyria* during the Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages the Albanians were ruled by many foreign countries, including the Byzantine and Venetian Empires, and during the 16th century resistance to the Ottoman Empire's rule was led by the Albanian national hero *Skanderberg* (real name Gjergj Kastrioti). After four centuries of Turkish domination, an independent Albania was finally created in the 20th century. In 1939 Albania was conquered by fascist Italy and was part of the Kingdom of Italy until 1943. After World War II Albania became independent again, under communist rule. It was ruled by Enver Hoxha, who died in 1985. Ramiz Alia took over and also later became president when, in 1992, Albania ended communism, and it now has friendly relations with the European Union, which it has applied to join.

## Divisions
Albania is divided into 12 counties. These counties include 36 districts and 373 municipalities

## Cities 
This is a list of the largest cities in Albania.

]]
]]

## Armed forces
The Albanian Armed Forces were first formed after independence in 1912. Albania reduced the number of active troops from 65,000 in 1988 to 14,500 in 2009. In 2010 forced conscription was abolished.

## Geography
Albania has a total area of 28,748 square kilometers. Albania's coastline length is . It goes along the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. On the coast there are mild, wet winters and warm, sunny, and rather dry summers.

70% of the country is mountains. The highest mountain is Korab.

Albania is bordered by Greece, the Republic of North Macedonia, Montenegro and Kosovo. A short stretch of sea separates Albania from the far southeast of Italy.

## Flora and fauna
 still survives in Albania.]]

Although a small country, Albania has a lot of variety in plants and animals. The total number of plants is over 3250 species. There are over 350 bird species, 330 freshwater and marine fish and 80 mammal species. The double-headed eagle is the national symbol of Albania.

## Related pages
* Albania at the Olympics
* Albania national football team
* List of rivers of Albania

## References
## Other websites 
* National Tourism Organization Albania's official website for travel & tourism information.
Liechtenstein

**Liechtenstein** (officially the **Principality of Liechtenstein**) is a country in Western Europe. It is the sixth smallest country in the world and, with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries. This means that it is bordered only by landlocked countries. Liechtenstein is located between Austria and Switzerland.

The official language in Liechtenstein is German. The capital of Liechtenstein is Vaduz, a very small town of 5,000 people. Liechtenstein is famous for its many private banks.

Liechtenstein is known as a principality. This means that the monarch has the title of Prince.

## History 
The territory that is now Liechtenstein was once split into two different states, the County of Vaduz and the Lordship of Schellenberg, which were both part of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Liechtenstein family wanted more power within the Holy Roman Empire. In the 17th century, the Holy Roman Emperor made Karl Liechtenstein a Prince. Karl's descendant, Hans Adam I purchased the lands of the County of Vaduz and the Lordship of Schellenberg and united them into one principality named Liechtenstein.

In 1806, the Holy Roman Empire was broken up by Napoleon. With the fall of the Empire, Liechtenstein became a free independent country. Liechtenstein remained neutral during World War I and World War II. Hitler did have plans to invade Liechtenstein alongside Switzerland in the planned Operation Tannenbaum but never did.

In 1969, NASA gave Liechtenstein moon rocks and a national flag that had been on the moon to thank them for their support from a Liechtenstein company during the Apollo 11 mission.

## Geography 
Liechtenstein is located in the European Alps and is bordered to the east by the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, to the south by the canton of Grisons (Switzerland) and to the west by the canton of St. Gallen (Switzerland). 

The Rhine forms the entire western border of Liechtenstein. Measured south to north the country is about 24 km (15 mi) long. Its highest point, the Grauspitz, is 2,599 m (8,527 ft). 

Despite its Alpine location, prevailing southerly winds make the climate comparatively mild. In winter, the mountain slopes are well suited to winter sports.

## Politics 
Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy, meaning that the head of state is a monarch (with the title Prince Regnant) but has limited political powers. The Prince can veto legislations, call for a referendum, create new bills and dissolve parliament.

The legislature is the landtag (or diet). There are 25 elected members. The members of government are usually all members of the biggest political party. 

## Related pages
*Liechtenstein at the Olympics
*Liechtenstein national football team
*List of rivers of Liechtenstein

## References
Slovenia

**Slovenia** is a country in the  region of Central Europe. The capital and largest city of Slovenia is Ljubljana. Its major language is Slovenian. Its current population is about 2.1 million. Slovenia's leading exports are manufactured goods and aluminium. It is a parliamentary republic. It is a member of the European Union and NATO. The economy of Slovenia is small, open, and export-oriented.

## History
A very long time ago, Illyrian and Celtics tribes lived in Slovenia. In the 1st century BC, Slovenia was ruled by the Romans. In the sixth century AD, Slavs lived there. Slovenia was ruled by Austria from 1335 until 1918. 

In 1918 it became a part of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Italy, Hungary and Germany took parts of the country,

but in 1945 it became part of Yugoslavia again.

In June 1991, Slovenia voted to become independent. Yugoslavia's army tried to stop this from happening but following a 10-day war, Slovenia became an independent country.

Currently, it is considered the most advanced country in what is called "Ex-Yugoslavia." It is also a member of the European Union.

## Notable people
* France Prešeren (1800-1849) is a very famous poet in his country.
* Melania Trump, First Lady of the United States
* Luka Dončić, Professional basketball player in the NBA.

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Slovenia
* Slovenia at the Olympics
* Slovenia national football team

## References
### Notes
## Other websites
* Slovenia.si. Your gateway to information on Slovenia.
* Government of the Republic of Slovenia
* Slovenia Official Tourist Guide
Denarius

, 73 AD Vespasian, 161 AD Marcus Aurelius, 194 AD Septimius Severus;row 2: 199 AD Caracalla, 200 AD Julia Domna, 219 AD Elagabalus, 236 AD Maximinus Thrax.]]
The **denarius** was a small silver coin used by the Roman Empire and Roman Republic. The denarius weighed about 3 to 4.5 grams. It was the main coin of Ancient Rome. It became the most common coin produced for circulation but was slowly debased in weight and silver content. The coin was then sometimes made of copper and painted silver in color. During the Empire the front side usually had a picture of the emperor on it.

The denarius was introduced in 211 BC, and was last made in 275 AD. By then it was made of bronze.
Jackknife

A **jackknife** is a type of knife. It has a blade that folds into the handle. It is also a dive where the body is bent and then straightened before entering the water and when a person backs up in their vehicle with a trailer attached and it accidentally folds.

## Gallery 

File:1978 or earlier Roamer branded Victorinox Elinox pocket knife Switzerland.jpg|A jackknife (folding knife)
File:Dorothy Poynton in a Back Jackknife dive, 1929 AP photo.jpg|A jackknife dive
Luffa

A **luffa** (also spelled **loofah** or **loofa**) is a long thin dried inner part of the fruit of a tropical plant related to the cucumber . It is often used as a sponge for washing the body.  Before it gets ripe, it is also a good vegetable. It also comes from dried corn on the cob stems.

Luffa operculata MHNT.BOT.2011.3.93.jpg|*Luffa operculata*
Luffa aegyptiaca MHNT.BOT.2011.3.94.jpg|*Luffa aegyptiaca*
File:Loofah.jpg|A luffa sponge

## Other websites
Sconce

on the walls of the Medici palace, Florence, Italy.]]

A **sconce** is a holder for candles or electric lights that is fixed on a wall. Most of the time, sconces are also meant to make the place look more beautiful.
Houseplant

A **houseplant** is any kind of decorative plant. People grow them indoors, sometimes in a house, but very often in an office or a shop.

Houses or public premises have conditions not as favorable for plants as in greenhouses. For example, the direction of light, low light, dry air, dust, drafts, uneven temperature. So, special techniques are used to get a healthy state and proper development of plants. Conditions in public and office premises are usually even less favorable than in homes, so the most hardy indoor plants are grown there.

## Benefits of houseplants 
### Feel and observe 
One obvious advantage of keeping houseplants is the improvement in aesthetic quality that they provide. Some large palm varieties, can serve as a focus point for guests.

### Condition of the air 
Houseplant may enhance indoor air quality. That is a key perk. NASA conducted a study to identify which plants are most effective at filtering out harmful chemicals.

### Health 
Taking care of plants, like taking care of people or animals, can have a positive effect on one's mental and emotional health.

### Therapeutic, preventative, and cosmetic 
Plants and herbs with medical characteristics, such as Aloe Vera, are grown for human consumption.

## Well-known houseplants 
*African violet
*Aloe
*Urn plant
*Butterfly palm
*Cactus
*Cyclamen
*Elephant leaf plant
*Golden pothos
*Mother-in-law's tongue
*Snake plant
*Spider plant
*Poinsettia
*Prayer plant
*Umbrella tree
*Weeping fig
*Yucca

## References
Waxed paper

**Waxed paper** (or wax paper) is a type of paper which has been coated on both sides with wax. This gives it a translucent look. It is used for wrapping food because grease, oil, and water cannot pass through it. It is also used to line food containers because many kinds of food which would stick to  paper will not stick to wax paper. Many kinds of dry foods were once stored in wax paper because of its resistance to water. Wax paper has been replaced by plastic wrap for most purposes.

## Uses
Safety razor blades are traditionally wrapped in wax paper to make holding them less dangerous. Wax paper can also be used to make paper boats that can be used for a long time without getting wet because of its high resistance to water.

Wax paper is also used to stick pieces of pattern to fabric while cutting it. 

In photography, wax paper can be used as a light diffuser.

Wax paper is commonly used in cooking and wrapping sticky foods, because the waxy surface is cling-resistant. It is also used in arts and crafts.

## References
Power network

A **Power network** is a type of contact network where its members can tell other people what to do.

It must be large enough to literally scare or force people to go along with its requests, which makes them orders. This typically requires thousands of people in constant touch with each other.

A political party is the most obvious example.  It is typically much larger than a social network but is not one, since people can only call on each other for a small number of reasons, and perhaps at specific times.  Also not every member of the network has the same role or right to help.

A corporation may also be a power network if it relies on many power relations to maintain itself - for instance, the right to draw oil from the ground or dump waste without being held responsible for it.

When a power network achieves some stable grasp of political power and daily working control of some important infrastructure, it becomes a power structure.  In a democracy the visible power networks represented by the parties compete regularly in an election - but much of the power structure, typically the bureaucracy, does not change, and is typically ignored as a power network in itself.

## Related pages
* creative network
Holland

**Holland** is the name of a region in the western part of the Netherlands. Holland was a county of the Holy Roman Empire and later the leading province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795).

Today, there is no country called "Holland". There are two provinces called "Holland" in the Netherlands: North Holland () and South Holland (). Those provinces were created in 1840. The earlier country and province of Holland used to be bigger, but some parts of that province were given to other provinces during the French occupation (1795-1813). For example, Willemstad became part of North Brabant, the islands of Vlieland and Terschelling were given to Friesland, and the island of Urk to Overijssel. But for a short time during that period (1806–1810), there *was* a country called "Holland", the Kingdom of Holland, which was in the central and northern Netherlands and East Friesland in Germany.

Many people use the name "Holland" to refer to all of the Netherlands, including the other ten provinces. That is not correct and is like calling the United Kingdom, "England" or "Great Britain". Some Dutch people who live outside "Holland" find it unacceptable to refer to the entire country Holland. But acceptable when you refer "Holland" to the Netherlands national team.
Story

A **story** can be different things:
* when we tell others about a thing that happened, or a thing we thought of: *Bob read the children a story*; *Mary told John the story of her life*.
* a report in a newspaper or on the television news: *Did you see the story about George Bush on page 12?*
* a thing we tell others that is not real: ''Little Johnny said he was a millionaire, but he's not, it was only a story*. See fiction
* in US English, a level of a building: *The house has eight stories''. (In British English this is a storey).
Citizenship

**Citizenship** is a legal relationship between a person and a country.  Usually the country is the one they were born in, lives in, supports, and in return gets protection.  A person is usually a citizen of the country where he or she is born, but sometimes a person will apply for naturalization, to become a citizen in another country.  There are countries which allow dual (two) citizenship, and countries which do not.

## Definitions 
A citizen is a member of a sovereign group of people that have certain rights. Governments protect these rights or take advantage of them. Some Governments may exile people from citizenship laws on such matter vary between countries.
* People born in the country may be citizens by *Jus soli*, right of soil.  Those having citizen parents may be **natural born** citizens. 
*Some countries also recognise *Jus sanguinis*, the right of members of the national diaspora to be citizens.  Jus sanguinis comes from Latin meaning "right of blood" which basically means one can inherit citizenship by descent from a parent and in some cases a grandparent or even more distant ancestors.
* Foreigners can also be *naturalized* as citizens.  Naturalization makes them citizens of their new country.  Many countries require that they give up their citizenship of their old country, but some countries have permanent citizenship; you can't quit such a citizenship.
* People who are citizens of more than one country, with approval of both Governments, are **dual citizens**. They may legally enter and live in either country.
*A person who has no citizenship is called a **stateless person**. There are many causes of statelessness: wars, refugees, people whose birth was never registered, people born in a territory which is not recognised as a state, and so on. Some countries are very generous in giving stateless people citizenship, and some are not. The problem is well-known, but there is no general solution.
*Citizenship may be permanent. Some countries remove citizenship for various reasons, and some citizens renounce their citizenship.
* Some countries also give citizenship to people who invest money in the country. This is called citizenship by investment. A person can become a citizen if they buy a house, start a business, or give money to the government. These rules are different in each country. People who get citizenship this way can live, work, and travel like other citizens.

## Citizenship in Canada 
People born in Canada become citizens of the country by *Jus soli* even if their parents are not citizens.

In 2018 the New York Times reported that 20% of babies born in Richmond Hospital in Richmond, British Columbia, were born to mothers involved in birth tourism. This means that the babies automatically acquire Canadian citizenship.

## Citizenship in the European Union 
## Citizenship in the United States 
## Related pages
*Civil rights
*Global citizenship

## References
Governor-general

**Governor General** is a representative of a head of state. The term is mostly used in Commonwealth realm countries, where the governor general is a representative of the British monarch, who is the head of state of the Commonwealth realm countries.

Sometimes the title is spelled as *Governor General*, which is used in Canada, but sometimes it is spelled with a hyphen "*-*", *Governor-General*, which is the spelling used in Australia.

## Other articles 
*Governor-General of Australia
*Governor General of Canada

## References
Sheffield

**Sheffield** is a big city in a region called South Yorkshire in the North of England. There are 534,500 people living there. Sheffield is in the middle of lots of hills. The city centre is where the River Sheaf meets the River Don, and Sheffield gets its name from the River Sheaf. The city is east of the Peak District National Park. It is estimated that Sheffield has over two million trees, which is more than any city in Europe per each person. 61% of the city is green space, such as parks and forests.

The area of Sheffield used to be the Anglo-Saxon shire of Hallamshire, the city itself was founded later.

## Industry
Sheffield is famous for making cutlery (like knives and spoons). People in Sheffield have made cutlery for a very long time (a Sheffield-made knife is referred to in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales", a book from the Middle Ages). Sheffield is also famous for making steel. Benjamin Huntsman discovered the crucible technique for making steel in 1740. In 1856, Henry Bessemer invented the Bessemer converter steelmaking furnace. Henry moved to Sheffield to make steel. Later, in 1912, Harry Brearley invented stainless steel in Sheffield.

## Sports
The first football team in the world is from Sheffield, Sheffield F.C., set up in 1857. Sheffield currently has two big professional football teams, Sheffield Wednesday and Sheffield United.

## Bands
There are lots of famous bands from Sheffield. Some of them are Pulp, the Human League, Def Leppard and the Arctic Monkeys. Michael Palin is also from Sheffield.

There is a big arena called the Motorpoint Arena in Sheffield. WWE have visited this arena to do live shows.

## Other websites
Fertilizer

A **fertilizer** is a chemical that helps plants to grow. It is used to replace the mineral salts taken by plants or removed/washed away by rain.

Common fertilizers:

* Ammonia
* Manure (Animal waste) which was the first fertilizer.
* Compost
* Urea

The important things in fertilizer are:
* Nitrogen (N)
* Phosphorus (P)
* Potash (K)

When fertilizers are offered for sale, the percentage of N, P, and K must be written on the bags or boxes, but for historcal reasons, P is shown as %P2O5 and K is shown as %K2O.

E.g.:9-23-30 which means:    9% N, 23%P2O5 and 30%K2O.

In Australia the percent of elemental sulfur must also be shown.
In the UK, the elemental composition (in percentages) may also be shown alongside the mandatory  traditional system, provided the numbers are put inside square brackets.

Leafy plants need lots of N.  Flowering plants need lots of P and K.

A soil test can tell how much N, P, and K is needed.

## Related pages
*Farming
Flea

The **flea** (*Siphonaptera*) is an insect which lives on many animals and sometimes humans. Fleas are ectoparasites and drink the blood of the animal they bite.

Fleas live outdoors in sand or tall grass, and jump to any passing animal and lay eggs. Flea bites are usually red bumps and they itch. 

There are many species of flea such as dog fleas, cat fleas, human fleas, northern rat fleas, and the oriental rat flea. During the Middle Ages, the oriental rat flea spread a bacteria that caused the bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death or Black Plague. This was a huge epidemic much more severe than today's bird flu. The oriental rat flea was infected by the bacteria *Yersinia pestis*.
Casserole

macaroni casserole with cheese topping]]
 casserole and brazier, 6th/4th century BC, exhibited in the Ancient Agora Museum in Athens, housed in the Stoa of Attalus]]

A **casserole** is a baked dish for many different types of food, mixed together in a fluid based on liquid. The start ingredient is often a roux. Often, one of the ingredients is a can of soup. The whole point of a casserole is that it cooks material *slowly*. That means it can use ingredients which would not be edible if fried or roasted. 
The casserole needs to simmer below boiling point for hours, depending on the ingredients. That way tough meat and vegetables become soft and edible.

It is a simple way to cook a nutritional meal.

Casserole is from a French word meaning "sauce-pan"; a large, deep dish used either to cook something in an oven or to serve the food cooked in it. The French word  "casserole"  had been derived from the old Provençal word, "cassa" and the Medieval Latin word, "cattia", both of these words meaning "ladle".

Casseroles are usually cooked slowly in the oven, usually covered. They may be served as a main course or a side dish, and may be served in the vessel in which they were cooked. Types of casserole include ragout, hotpot, cassoulet, tajine, moussaka, lasagne, shepherd's pie, gratin, rice or macaroni timballo, and carbonnade.

A popular type of casserole is green bean casserole, which has green beans, milk or cream, and fried onions. It was first cooked in Berlin, New Hampshire in 1866 by, Elmire Jolicoeur.

The second illustration proves how old the idea is. That casserole dish has a lid, and a spout for steam to escape. The heat is applied from below as it is with a stew.

Early casserole dishes were rice-based that were pounded and pressed and then filled with meat. The first popular meals included French cassoulet, British pot pies, Italian lasagna, and Greek moussaka. Macaroni and cheese is the oldest written casserole recipe found in 1250.

## References