open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Geographical renaming

**Geographical renaming** is when a place's name gets changed. 

There can be several reasons for geographical renaming.

One such reason is countries joining together to form a new country. For example, after the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland joined together in 1701, they formed the United Kingdom. When Ireland joined in 1801, the unified country became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

A second reason is a country splitting apart to form new ones. For example, after Czechoslovakia split in 1992, it became two new countries, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Also, after Ireland gained independence from Britain, the region of Northern Ireland stayed in the UK. Therefore, the country's name changed from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to what it is today, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

A third reason could be a new government replacing or overthrowing the old one. After the Communist Party took overthrew the Russian Empire's emperor, the Tsar, and changed the country's name to the Soviet Union, the city of Saint Petersburg also changed to Leningrad. This was because the Communist Party wanted to honor its leader, Vladimir Lenin, and symbolize the Soviet Union's turning away from Russia's system of absolute monarchy, the Tsardom, that ruled before they did, since Saint Petersburg was named after Peter the Great, who was the Tsar that founded the city. When the city of New Amsterdam, founded by Dutch colonists in North America, was lost to the British Empire, it was renamed New York City after the Duke of York.

A fourth reason could be changing a place's name to replace a name given by former colonizers with the name given by native people, and many more. For example, after India gained independence from Britain, they changed the name of the city Bombay to Mumbai.

A fifth reason could be the change of standard spelling rules in the local language. When Pinyin was made the official romanization, or writing Mandarin Chinese using the Roman alphabet, in mainland China after the Chinese Communist Party took over, the spellings of many Chinese place names changed, including Peking becoming Beijing and Nanking becoming Nanjing. Even though the pronunciations of Chinese place names in Mandarin Chinese were not any different before the changing of spelling, the older spellings did not accurately show their pronunciation. Therefore, the pronunciation of Chinese place names in other languages, or their exonyms, were based on their spelling rather than the Mandarin pronunciation, which is why they sound so different from each other. In order to teach people how to correctly pronounce Mandarin Chinese, the CCP made Hanyu Pinyin the only accepted romanization in mainland China. Even though Taiwan also speaks Mandarin, the spellings of Taiwanese place names, including Taipei and Kaohsiung, is according to the older spelling rules for Chinese place names. This is because many Taiwanese do not want to use Hanyu Pinyin, even though it is the standard romanization of Mandarin Chinese worldwide, because it was created by the Communist Party of China.
Izard County, Arkansas

**Izard County**  is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,577. The county seat is Melbourne. It was founded on October 27, 1825.

## References
Perry County

**Perry County** is the name of ten counties in the United States:
*Perry County, Alabama 
*Perry County, Arkansas 
*Perry County, Illinois 
*Perry County, Indiana 
*Perry County, Kentucky
*Perry County, Mississippi 
*Perry County, Missouri 
*Perry County, Ohio 
*Perry County, Pennsylvania 
*Perry County, Tennessee
Ferrero

**Ferrero** is an Italian food company that produces chocolate and confectionery. It was founded in 1946 in Alba, Piedmont, Italy, by Pietro Ferrero.

Nutella is the brand name of chocolate-hazelnut spread. In addition to Nutella, Ferrero produces many other products, for example Ferrero Rocher, Pocket Coffee, Mon Chéri, Giotto, Confetteria Raffaello, Tic Tac and more. Kinder is the Famous product line, which includes Kinder Surprise, Fiesta Ferrero, Kinder Chocolate tiles, Kinder Happy Hippo, Kinder Maxi, Kinder Délice and Kinder Bueno. 

## Other websites 
* Ferrero Group official website
Lizard, Cornwall

**Lizard** (often confused with the peninsula *The Lizard*) is a village on the Lizard peninsula in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about  south of Helston, and is mainland Britain's most southerly settlement. Lizard is a tourist centre and its large village green is surrounded by cafes and gift shops.

The name comes from the Cornish *Lis* for 'place' and *Ard* for 'high'. The village is in the civil parish of Landewednack, the most southerly parish on the British mainland.

## References
CKY

**CKY** (also known as **Camp Kill Yourself**) is an American band formed in 1998. In 2002, they were signed to The Island Def Jam Music Group and released Infiltrate•Destroy•Rebuild, which entered the Billboard 200 at number 99.

## Discography 
* Volume 1 (1999)
* Infiltrate•Destroy•Rebuild (2002)
* An Answer Can Be Found (2005)
* Carver City (2009)
* The Phoenix (2017)

## References
John Hodge (engineer)

**John Dennis Hodge** (10 February 1929 – 19 May 2021) was a British-born aerospace engineer. He worked for the CF-105 Avro Arrow jet interceptor project in Canada.

In 1959, he became a member of NASA's Space Task Group, which later became the Johnson Space Center. During his NASA career, he worked as a flight director and planner.

When he returned to NASA in the 1980s, he worked as a manager on the Space Station Freedom project, which later became the International Space Station. He also was an administrator at the United States Department of Transportation.

Hodge died on 19 May 2021 in Herndon, Virginia, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Roseville, Michigan

**Roseville** is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a part of the Metro Detroit area. The population was 47,710 at the 2020 census.

## References
Victoria Cartagena

**Victoria Luz Cartagena** is an American actress. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cartagena is known for her role as Zoe Lopez in *The Bedford Diaries* and as Renee Montoya in *Gotham*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Crystal Reed

**Crystal Marie Reed** (born February 6, 1985) is an American actress, best known for playing Allison Argent on the *Teen Wolf* television series. Reed played Sofia Falcone in the fourth season of *Gotham* (2017–2018) and the lead role of Abby Arcane in the series *Swamp Thing* (2019). 

## References
## Other websites
*
Erin Richards

]]
**Erin Richards** (born 17 May 1986) is a Welsh actress. She was born in Penarth, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. She is best known for playing Molly Hughes in the television series *Breaking In* and Barbara Kean in the television series *Gotham*.

## References
Zabryna Guevara

**Zabryna Guevara** (born January 12, 1972) is an American television and theater actress. She is known for playing the role of Melania Ortiz in *3 lbs* and Sarah Essen in *Gotham*. She is also known for her stage role as Yazmin in *Water by the Spoonful*, an award-winning play by Quiara Alegría Hudes, at the Second Stage Theater in New York City.

## References
Thomasville, Georgia

**Thomasville** is the county seat of Thomas County, Georgia, United States. The city is the second largest in southwest Georgia after Albany. The population was 18,881 at the 2020 United States Census.

## References
Tetsugen Bernard Glassman

**Bernard "Bernie" Glassman** (January 18, 1939 – November 4, 2018) was an American Zen Buddhist roshi. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. Glassman was the founder of the Zen Peacemakers. In 1996, he co-founded the Zen Peacemaker Order with his wife Sandra Jishu Holmes. 

Glassman was a Dharma successor of the late Taizan Maezumi-roshi, and gave inka and Dharma transmission to several people. Glassman was known as a leading figure of social enterprise, socially engaged Buddhism and "Bearing Witness Retreats" at Auschwitz and on the streets.

Glassman died on November 4, 2018 from complications of a stroke in Springfield, Massachusetts at the age of 79.

## References
François N. Macerola

**François N. Macerola** (January 31, 1942 – November 8, 2018) was a Canadian lawyer and movie executive. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. Macerola worked for the National Film Board of Canada and Telefilm Canada. His career began in 1976. 

Macerola dealt with the controversy surrounding the 1982 docudrama ''The Kid Who Couldn't Miss'', about the life of fighter pilot Billy Bishop because the movie poorly depicted his life with accuracy.

Macerola died on the morning of November 8, 2018 in Montreal at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
Matthew Whitaker

**Matthew George Whitaker** (born October 29, 1969) is an American lawyer and politician who has been the 26th United States Ambassador to NATO since 2025. He served as acting United States Attorney General from November 7, 2018 until February 14, 2019. He was appointed by President Donald Trump after Jeff Sessions resigned at Trump's request. 

Whitaker was a U.S. Attorney during the Bush Administration and was Chief of Staff to Sessions from September 2017 to November 2018.

In November 2024, President-elect Trump nominated Whitaker to be the United States Ambassador to NATO. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in April 2025.

## References
Richard Paul Conaboy

**Richard Paul Conaboy** (June 12, 1925 – November 9, 2018) was an American judge. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1992. He was appointed by President Jimmy Carter. From 1989 to 1992, he was Chief Judge of the court. He was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

Conaboy died on November 9, 2018 at a hospital in Scranton from a heart attack at the age of 93.

## References
Manuel Real

**Manuel Lawrence Real** (January 27, 1924 &ndash; June 26, 2019) was a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California. He was appointed in 1966 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. He was the last remaining federal judge in active service appointed by Johnson.

He was the longest-serving active federal judge until his retirement in 2018.

Real died on June 26, 2019 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 95.

## References
Jack B. Weinstein

**Jack Bertrand Weinstein** (August 10, 1921 &ndash; June 15, 2021) was an American Senior District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. He was on the court from 1967 to 1993 after being appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. From 1980 to 1988, he was Chief Judge. Weinstein was born in Wichita, Kansas.

Weinstein died on June 15, 2021 in Great Neck, New York at the age of 99.

## References
## Other websites
* Findlaw Directory Listing
Alfred Goodwin

**Alfred Theodore Goodwin** (born June 29, 1923) is an American judge. He is the Senior Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. Goodwin was born in Bellingham, Washington. Goodwin was in the Ninth Circuit from 1971 to 1991 after being nominated by President Richard Nixon.

## References
## Other websites
* Law.com
* University of Oregon: Awards
* Appellate Consellor Judges
Irene Cara

**Irene Cara Escalara** (March 18, 1959 – November 25, 2022) was an American singer-songwriter, actress and dancer. She co-wrote the song "Flashdance... What a Feeling" from the movie *Flashdance*. She won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song. For that same song, she also won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.

Cara played Coco Hernandez in the 1980 movie *Fame* and recorded the song of the same name. Before that, she played Sparkle Williams in the 1976 musical-drama movie *Sparkle*.

In 1982 Cara earned an Image Award for Best Actress when she co-starred in NBC's Movie of the Week, *Sister, Sister*. 

Cara was born in The Bronx, New York City, New York.

Cara died November 25, 2022, at her home in Largo, Florida. She was 63 years old.

## References
William Joseph Nealon Jr.

**William Joseph Nealon Jr.** (July 31, 1923 – August 30, 2018) was an American jurist. He was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

Nealon Jr. was United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. He was the last judicial appointee from the Kennedy administration. He was on the court from 1962 to 1989.

Nealon Jr. was the longest-serving current federal judge at his death. On August 28, 2018, he became the longest serving federal district judge in history, two days before his death.

Nealon Jr. died in Scranton on August 30, 2018 from pneumonia at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dana G. Mead

**Dana George Mead** (February 22, 1936 &ndash; October 31, 2018) was an American businessman and corporate director. He was born in Cresco, Iowa. Mead was chairman emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Foundation's board of trustees, where he was chairman from 2003 through 2010.

Mead died in Boston, Massachusetts on October 31, 2018 at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
* MIT Corporation homepage
* Pfizer Corporation homepage 
* Dana Mead Playlist Appearance on WMBR's *Dinnertime Sampler * radio show April 28, 2004
Phyllis George

**Phyllis Ann George** (June 25, 1949 &ndash; May 14, 2020) was an American businesswoman, former sportscaster and former Miss America. She was Miss America 1971. From 1979 to 1983 she was the First Lady of the U.S. state of Kentucky.

In August 1971, George traveled to Vietnam with several other contestants from the Miss America 1971 pageant. George and the other contestants participated in a 22-day United Service Organizations tour for American troops there.

In 1985, CBS chose George to be the permanent presenter for its morning news program, *CBS Morning News*. She interviewed a number of news makers, including then-First Lady Nancy Reagan.

In 2003, George created the company Phyllis George Beauty. The company markets a line of cosmetics and skincare products through the television network the Home Shopping Network. She appeared in the comedy movie *Meet the Fockers*.

George was born in Denton, Texas. She died of problems caused by a blood cancer in Lexington, Kentucky on May 14, 2020 at the age of 70.

## References
Jameed

**Jameed** (, literally "hardened") is a form of dried yoghurt made made from goat's milk or sheep's milk.  It is made by draining thick yoghurt of its whey, shaping it into balls, and letting it harden.  Drying prevents spoilage. 

Jameed is eaten in Jordan, especially in Bedouin cooking. It is also common among the Bedouin in Palestine, Egypt, and even Syria.  It is also customary to add  to a sauces or soups.

## Other websites
Jefferson County, Arkansas

**Jefferson County** is a county in the Arkansas Delta of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67,260. Its county seat and largest city is Pine Bluff. Jefferson County was founded on November 2, 1829, and named for Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States (1801–1809).

## References
Johnson County, Arkansas

**Johnson County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,749. The county seat is Clarksville. Johnson County was founded on November 16, 1833 and named for Benjamin Johnson, a Territorial Judge.

## References
Lafayette County, Arkansas

**Lafayette County** is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,308, The county seat is Lewisville. It was founded on October 15, 1827.

## References
Little River County, Arkansas

**Little River County** is a county located on the southwest border of the U.S. state of Arkansas, bordering a corner with Texas and Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,026. The county seat is Ashdown. The county was founded on March 5, 1867, and named for the Little River.

## References
Logan County, Arkansas

**Logan County** (formerly **Sarber County**) is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,131. The county seats are Booneville and Paris. It was founded on March 22, 1871.

## References
Alpha Crucis

**Acrux**, also known as **Alpha Crucis** is a star system in the Crux constellation. All stars are blue and hot. The stars are called **Alpha Crucis A**, **Alpha Crucis B**, and **HR 4729**. Alpha Crucis A is 25,000 times brighter than the Sun. Alpha Crucis B is 16,000 times brighter than the Sun.
## References
HR 4729

**HR 4729** is a hot blue star located in the Crux constellation. Many think it might be orbiting Alpha Crucis. The star is 5.5 times more big than the Sun.

## References
Hudson's Bay Company

of Hudson's Bay Company: *Argent, a cross gules between four beavers passant proper*. Crest: *On a chapeau gules turned up ermine a fox sejant proper*. Supporters: *Two bucks proper*. Latin Motto: *pro pelle cutem* ("skin for leather") apparently a play on Job, 2:4: *Pellem pro pelle* "skin for skin".]]

The '''Hudson's Bay Company** (**HBC'''; ) is a Canadian retail business group. A fur trading business for much of its existence, HBC now owns and operates retail stores in Canada, the United States and parts of Europe, including Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany.

## References
1I/ʻOumuamua

**&#x02BB;Oumuamua** () is an object from another star system that visited our solar system. Its official name is **1I/2017 U1**.

&#x02BB;Oumuamua is the first interstellar object that we know has passed through our solar system. &#x02BB;Oumuamua was first discovered on 19 October 2017 using the Pan-STARRS1 telescope at the Haleakala Observatory in Hawaii.

The name *&#x02BB;Oumuamua* is from the Hawaiian language. The  at the beginning of the name is not an apostrophe but a letter of the Hawaiian alphabet, called *&#x02BB;okina*. It indicates a glottal stop. 

## References
Battle Ground, Indiana

**Battle Ground** is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States.

## Other websites 
* Town of Battle Ground, Indiana website
Joel Barcellos

**Joel Barcellos** (November 27, 1936 – November 10, 2018) was a Brazilian actor. He appeared in 53 movies and television shows between 1955 and 1997. He starred in the 1974 movie *Sagarana: The Duel*, which was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival. He was born in Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Barcellos died on November 10, 2018 in Rio das Ostras, Brazil from a stroke, aged 81.
## Selected filmography
* *Os Fuzis* (1964)
* *My Home Is Copacabana* (1965)
* *Sagarana: The Duel* (1974)
* *Luz del Fuego* (1982)
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Lonoke County, Arkansas

**Lonoke County** is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 74,015. The county seat is Lonoke. It was founded on April 16, 1873.

## References
Denner

**Denner** is a discount supermarket chain in Switzerland. It is Switzerland's third largest supermarket chain after Migros and Coop.

## Other websites 
*
Stefano Palmieri

**Stefano Palmieri** (born 18 September 1964) is a Sammarinese politician, who served as a Captain Regent of San Marino together with Matteo Ciacci since 1 April 2018 until 1 October 2018. He had previously served in the same position for the semester from 1 October 2009 until 1 April 2010, alongside Francesco Mussoni.

## References
Microsoft Plus!

**Microsoft Plus!** is a discontinued commercial operating system improvement product by Microsoft. The last edition is the Plus! SuperPack, which includes a variety of screensavers, themes, and games, as well as multimedia applications. The Microsoft Plus! product was first announced on January 31, 1994 under the internal codename "Frosting". The first version was   
an upgrade for Windows 95, Windows 95 Plus!

The features that make up Microsoft Plus! were generally developed by Microsoft itself. The Plus! packs also included games and software from third-party companies; for example, in Plus! for Windows XP, the *HyperBowl* game developed by Hyper Entertainment Inc. was included. Plus! features that enhance the base operating system or provide utility are generally included free of charge in the next release of Windows.

Microsoft Plus! was discontinued in favor of Windows Ultimate Extras in Windows Vista.

## Other websites 
* 
* [ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/deskapps/kids/kidplusd.exe Download link for Microsoft Plus! for Kids!], Windows 95
* Microsoft Plus! for Modern Windows  (Windows 98+)

## References
Roger Hoy

**Roger Ernest Hoy** (6 December 1946 – 9 November 2018) was an English professional footballer. He was born in Poplar, London. He played as a defender.

Hoy made a total of 112 appearances in the Football League for Tottenham Hotspur, Crystal Palace, Luton Town and Cardiff City before moving into non-league football with Dagenham.

Hoy died on 9 November 2018 at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
*Roger Hoy at holmesdale.net
Luca Santolini

**Luca Santolini** (born 22 February 1985) is a Sammarinese politician. He was one of the Captains Regent, serving with Mirko Tomassoni. He took office on 1 October 2018.

## References
Thank U, Next (song)

"**Thank U, Next**" is a song recorded by American singer and actress Ariana Grande, from her fifth studio album *Thank U, Next*. 

The song was released on November 2, 2018.  Grande co-wrote the song with Victoria McCants, Tayla Parx, Tommy Brown, Charles Anderson, and Michael Foster, while the last three produced the song.  The song was released after Grande broke off her engagement to comedian Pete Davidson, who is known for starring on *Saturday Night Live*.  Its lyrics talk about some of her exes (such as rappers Big Sean and Mac Miller) and why the relationships ended.  Grande thanks them for helping her grow as a person throughout the song.

The song topped the Irish and UK Singles Chart and entered the *Billboard* Hot 100 at number one, giving Grande her first US chart-topper. "thank u, next" is the first song by a female to debut at number one in the US since Adele with "Hello" in 2015.

## Charts 
## References
Raffaele Baldassarre

**Raffaele Baldassarre** (23 September 1956 – 10 November 2018) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014. He was a member of the European People's Party. He was born in Lecce, Italy. 

Baldassarre died in a hospital in Rome from a heart attack on 10 November 2018 at the age of 62.

## References
Ron Johnson (running back)

**Ronald Adolphis Johnson** (October 17, 1947 – November 10, 2018) was an American football running back. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. Johnson played college football at the halfback position for the University of Michigan from 1966 to 1968.

Johnson played for the Cleveland Browns in 1969 and for the New York Giants from 1970 to 1975.

Johnson died on November 10, 2018 in Madison, New Jersey from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 71.

## References
Madison, New Jersey

**Madison** is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 16,937. It is known as *"The Rose City"* and was named in honor of President James Madison.

## References
Citgo

The **Citgo Petroleum Corporation** (or simply **Citgo**) is a United States-based refiner, marketer and transporter of transportation fuels, petro-chemicals, lubricants and other industrial products.

Citgo started as the **Cities Service Oil Company** in 1910. In the 1980s PDVSA, the Venezuelan oil company, bought the company. Before 2006, 7-Eleven convenience stores had a 20-year contract with Citgo. That came to an end in autumn 2006.

The name "Citgo" (stylized as **CITGO**) was first used during the early-to-mid 1960s.

## Political donations
According to filings with the United States' Federal Election Commission, Citgo gave US$500,000 towards the Presidential inauguration of Donald Trump.

## Headquarters
Citgo has its headquarters in the Energy Corridor of Houston, Texas. Before 2004, Citgo was headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

## References
Joe Perry (musician)

**Joseph Anthony Pereira** (born September 10, 1950) is an American guitarist and singer-songwriter. He is known as a member of the American rock band Aerosmith.

## References
Liz J. Patterson

**Elizabeth Johnston Patterson** (November 18, 1939 – November 10, 2018) was an American politician. She was born in Columbia, South Carolina. She was a member of the Democratic Party. Patterson was a member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina's 4th congressional district.

Patterson died from a long-illness on November 10, 2018 in Greenville, South Carolina at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Joey Kramer

**Joseph Michael Kramer** (born June 21, 1950) is an American rock drummer, songwriter and businessman. He is known as a member of the hard rock band Aerosmith. He was born in The Bronx, New York.

In 2019, Kramer missed some shows during Aerosmith’s Las Vegas residency due to an injury suffered in a “minor accident.”

## References
## Other websites
*
Ananth Kumar

**Ananth Kumar** (22 July 1959 – 12 November 2018) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. From 1996 until his death, he had represented the Bangalore South constituency in the Lok Sabha. He was born in Bengaluru, Mysore State (now called Karnataka).

Kumar was in charge of two key ministries until his death: Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers beginning in May 2014 and as Minister of Parliamentary Affairs beginning in July 2016 in the Narendra Modi government.

## Political career
Ananth Kumar joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and became an important leader in Karnataka. He was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996. After that, he won many elections and continued to represent Bengaluru South for more than 20 years.

He was a close supporter of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In May 2014, when Modi became Prime Minister, Ananth Kumar was made the Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers. Later, in July 2016, he also became the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs. These are important jobs in the government, where he helped make laws and manage government work.

## Death
Ananth Kumar was diagnosed with lung cancer. He died on 12 November 2018 in Bengaluru at the age of 59. His death was mourned by many leaders and citizens. 

## References
Remember (2015 movie)

***Remember*** is a Canadian-German 2015 drama-thriller movie directed by Atom Egoyan and written by Benjamin August. It stars Christopher Plummer, Bruno Ganz, Jürgen Prochnow, Heinz Lieven, Dean Norris and Martin Landau. The plot follows an elderly Holocaust survivor with dementia who sets out to kill a Nazi war criminal.

It was released on October 23, 2015 in Canada and on December 31, 2015 in Germany. The movie received positive reviews as they liked Plummer's performance.

## References
Brad Whitford

**Bradley Ernest Whitford** (born February 23, 1952) is an American rock musician. He is best known as the rhythm and co-lead guitarist for the hard rock band Aerosmith. He has also worked as a songwriter for the group, writing songs including "Last Child".

## References
Tom Hamilton

**Thomas William Hamilton** (born December 31, 1951) is an American songwriter and rock musician. He is best known as the bassist for the hard rock bands Aerosmith and Thin Lizzy. He has regularly co-written songs for Aerosmith, including two of the band's biggest hits: "Sweet Emotion" (1975) and  "Janie's Got a Gun" (1989).

## References
## Other websites
*
*Aerosmith.com
*Tom Hamilton's letter to the fans about his cancer and the tour 
*Hamilton's back in the saddle again
*Hamilton treated for throat cancer
*Tom Hamilton on The Emily Rooney Show  on WGBH Radio
*Tom Hamilton Signiture ASAT Bass
Refugio, Texas

**Refugio** ( ) is a town in Refugio County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,712 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Refugio County.

## References
Joseph L. Galloway

**Joseph Lee Galloway** (November 13, 1941 &ndash; August 18, 2021) was an American newspaper correspondent and columnist. He worked as a special consultant for the Vietnam War 50th anniversary Commemoration project run out of the Office of the Secretary of Defense and has also served as consultant to Ken Burns' production of a documentary history of the Vietnam War.

He was also the former Military Affairs consultant for the Knight-Ridder chain of newspapers and was a columnist with McClatchy Newspapers.

Galloway died on August 18, 2021 in Concord, North Carolina at the age of 79.

## References
Milford, Nebraska

**Milford** is a city in Seward County, Nebraska, United States. It is part of the Lincoln, Nebraska Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,155 at the 2020 census. Milford was platted in 1866.

## References
Richard Le Hir

**Richard Le Hir** (July 9, 1947 &ndash; November 4, 2018) was a French-born Canadian politician and lawyer. He was born in Versailles, France, but was raised in Montreal, Quebec. He represented Iberville in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1994 to 1998. He was a member of the Parti Québécois.

Le Hir died in Montreal at the age of 71 from complications of a stroke on November 4, 2018.

## References
Eleni Kounalakis

**Eleni Tsakopoulos Kounalakis** (born March 3, 1966) is an American politician and former diplomat serving as the 50th lieutenant governor of California since 2019. Before becoming lieutenant governor, she served as the United States ambassador to Hungary under Barack Obama from 2010 to 2013.

In 2018, she was elected lieutenant governor and reelected in 2022. In 2023, Kounalakis announced her candidacy for governor in the 2026 election. In 2025, she withdrew from the governor's race and announced her candidacy for state treasurer.

## References
Lou Leon Guerrero

**Lourdes Aflague** "**Lou**" **Leon Guerrero** (born November 8, 1950) is a Guamanian businesswoman, politician, and former nurse. Leon Guerrero is the 9th and current Governor of Guam. She is a member of the Democratic Party. 

She is the Chairwoman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President of the Bank of Guam and BankGuam Holding Company. Leon Guerrero has worked as a nurse and was a senator in the Legislature of Guam. Leon Guerrero was elected Governor in the 2018 Guam elections.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Bob Marshall (Virginia politician)

**Robert Gerald Marshall** (born May 3, 1944) is an American businessman, author and politician. He was a Republican member of the Virginia House of Delegates who represented the 13th District.

He is best known for his failed "bathroom bill" proposal, which would have forced people to use restrooms that correspond with the gender on their original birth certificates.

In the November 7, 2017, general election, Marshall lost by nine percentage points by Democrat Danica Roem, the first openly transgender candidate elected to a state legislature in the United States.

In 2008, Marshall ran for the United States Senate. On May 31, 2008, Marshall finished second to Jim Gilmore by 66 votes out of over 10,000 cast. In January 2012, Marshall announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate.  He lost in the Republican June primary to George Allen, winning only 7 percent of the vote.

## References
Takoma Park, Maryland

**Takoma Park** is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland. It is a suburb of Washington, D.C.. The city's population was 17,629 at the 2020 national census.

## References
Beck Bennett

**Beck Bennett** (born October 1, 1984) is an American actor, writer, and comedian. He is a former cast member of *Saturday Night Live*, joining in 2013, and leaving in 2021.

Before his work on *SNL,* he was known for the AT&T "It's Not Complicated" commercials where he interviewed kids.

## References
## Other websites
*
David Pearson

**David Gene Pearson** (December 22, 1934 &ndash; November 12, 2018) was an American stock car racer. He was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina. He began his NASCAR career in 1960 and won the 1960 NASCAR Rookie of the Year award. 

Pearson won three championships (1966, 1968, and 1969) in NASCAR's Grand National Series (now NASCAR Cup Series). In 2011, he was added to the NASCAR Hall of Fame.

Pearson died on November 12, 2018 in Spartanburg at the age of 83.

## References
Hartsville, South Carolina

**Hartsville** is the largest city in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 7,446 at the 2020 census. Hartsville was chosen as an All-America City in 1996 and again in 2016.  

## References
Hilton Head Island, South Carolina

**Hilton Head Island**, sometimes called **Hilton Head**, is a Lowcountry resort town and barrier island in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. 

It is  northeast of Savannah, Georgia, and  southwest of Charleston. 

The year-round population was 37,661 at the 2020 census.

## References
Aidy Bryant

**Aidan Mackenzy Bryant** (born May 7, 1987) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known as a cast member on the late-night variety series *Saturday Night Live* (2012-2022). For her work on the series, she has been nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards. Her other work includes a voice role in the animated series Danger & Eggs (2017) and a starring role in the sitcom Shrill (2019–2021); for the latter, she also served as writer and executive producer and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fred Armisen

**Fereydun Robert “Fred” Armisen** (born December 4, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, musician, producer and writer. He is best known as a cast member on *Saturday Night Live* from 2002 until 2013.

He is also known for his movie roles in *EuroTrip*, *Anchorman*, and *Cop Out*. Armisen is also known for his works in IFC sketch comedy series *Portlandia*. 

For his work on *Portlandia*, Armisen was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series in 2012, 2013 and 2014 and for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014. 

He has also won two Peabody Awards, one in 2008 as part of the *Saturday Night Live* political satire cast and one in 2011 for *Portlandia*.

## References
Kyle Mooney

**Kyle James Kozub Mooney** (born September 4, 1984) is an American comedian, actor, and writer. He has been a cast member of *Saturday Night Live* from 2013 until 2022. His man-on-the-street interviews have been featured on *Jimmy Kimmel Live!* and *Sports Show with Norm Macdonald*.

## References
Marion County, Arkansas

**Marion County** is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,826. The county seat is Yellville.  Marion County was founded on September 25, 1836. It was named for General Francis Marion, the famous "Swamp Fox" of the Revolutionary War.

## References
Terry Sweeney

**Terrance "Terry" Sweeney** is an American writer, comedian and actor. He was a writer and cast member of *Saturday Night Live* in the 1980s. He co-wrote the 1989 movie *Shag*, and has written for the television *series MADtv*, *Hype*, and *Tripping the Rift*.

Sweeney is openly gay.

## References
Chris Redd

**Christopher Jerell Redd** (born March 25, 1985) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, but raised in Naperville, Illinois. He is known for being in the cast of *Saturday Night Live* from 2017 until 2022.  He is known for his role as Hunter the Hungry in *Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping*.

## Celebrity impressions on *SNL*
* Offset
* Sterling K. Brown
* Kanye West
* Katt Williams
* Lil Wayne
* Stedman Graham
* Will Smith
* Cory Booker
* Wesley Snipes
* Jaleel White (as Steve Urkel)
* Louis Farrakhan
* Jordan Peele
* Eric Adams
## References
## Other websites
*
Alex Moffat (comedian)

**Alex Moffat** (born March 25, 1982) is an American actor and comedian. He was born in Chicago. He is a cast member on *Saturday Night Live*.

Moffat became a repertory cast member in 2018, beginning with Season 44. He is known for his impersonations of Anderson Cooper, Eric Trump, Chuck Schumer, Chuck Grassley, Al Franken, Billy Bush, Willem Dafoe and as Joe Scarborough.

## References
Mikey Day

**Michael William Day** (born March 20, 1980) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He was born in Orange, California. He is a current cast member on *Saturday Night Live* (*SNL*).

Day began his career with the Groundlings, a Los Angeles-based improvisational theater group. Day was an original cast member on the Nick Cannon's improvisational comedy series ''Wild 'n Out* on MTV. He is also the host of *Is It Cake?''.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chili's

'''Chili's Grill & Bar''' is an American casual dining restaurant chain. It serves Tex-Mex, hamburgers and other American food. It was established in Texas in 1975 by Larry Lavine.

Chili's first location was a converted postal station on Greenville Avenue in the Vickery Meadows area of Dallas, Texas. It opened in 1975. Lavine's idea was to create an informal full-service dining restaurant. The restaurant had a menu with hamburgers of different types which didn't cost a lot. The brand was successful. By the early 1980s, there were 28 Chili's restaurants in the region. They all had Southwest style.

## References
Richard Ojeda

**Richard Neece Ojeda II** (; born September 25, 1970) is an American politician and retired U.S. Army officer. He was the West Virginia State Senator from the 7th district from 2016 to 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

## Career 
Ojeda was the Democratic nominee for the U.S. House of Representatives in West Virginia's 3rd congressional district in the 2018 election, but lost that election to Republican Carol Miller.

On November 12, 2018, Ojeda announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the 2020 election. Ojeda was the second office-holding Democrat to announce a campaign for the 2020 U.S. presidential election, the first being Maryland Rep. John Delaney. As no current state legislator has ever made a serious bid for the presidency, Ojeda was considered a "longshot" and "underdog" candidate. On January 26, 2019, Ojeda withdrew from the election.

On January 13, 2020, Ojeda announced his campaign for the United States Senate, challenging incumbent Shelley Moore Capito. However, he lost the nomination to progressive Paula Jean Swearengin.

In 2023, Ojeda formed "Turn Left PAC" which initially attacked West Virginia Senator Joe Manchin as a "traitor."  Although public filings show the PAC has raised minimal funds, in 2024 Ojeda used it to publicly accuse members of Congress who favor American support for Israel's defense as being "corrupt politicians [who] line their pockets with blood money" from the American Israel Public Affairs Committee.

## References
## Other websites
Pizza Ranch

**Pizza Ranch, Inc.** is a Midwestern fast casual restaurant chain. It was founded in 1981. The restaurant serves pizza and fried chicken and has a salad bar.

Pizza Ranch has over 200 locations in 13 states: Nebraska, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wyoming, Kansas, Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan.

Pizza Ranch is the largest regional pizza franchise in North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa and South Dakota.

## References
Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge

The **Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge** is a 4-lane steel bridge in Nanjing that crosses the Yangtze River. It has two levels. The top level is a road for cars, buses, and trucks. There is also a sidewalk for people on foot. That part is 4588 meters or 15,052 feet long. The bottom level is a railroad for trains. That part is 6772 meters or 22,218 feet long.

It is owned, paid for, and fixed by Nanjing's government and by the Shanghai Railway Bureau.

## Name
The Mandarin Chinese name of the bridge is *Nánjīng Chángjiāng Dàqiáo*, which means "the Big Bridge across the Long River in the Southern Capital". (*Chángjiāng* or "Long River" is the Chinese name for the Yangtze River, and "Nanjing" means "Southern Capital".) It is written  in the traditional characters used by Chinese people on Taiwan and in Hong Kong and  in the simplified characters used by mainland China.

## History
]]
The Yangtze River is very big and very wide. During wars, people sometimes made pontoon bridges out of many boats. Most of the time, to go from one side to the other, people needed to use a ferry. This made things pretty slow and slowed the growth of China's economy.

The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was started in 1960. Both parts were finished and opened for use in late 1968. It was the 3rd bridge across the Yangtze River, after Wuhan's bridge and the Baishatuo Bridge near Chongqing. It is still important and a landmark in Nanjing because it was the first big bridge designed and built completely by Chinese people. It also has art from the Cultural Revolution.

It is also infamous as the place with the most known suicides in the world. More than 2000 people have jumped off of the bridge since it was opened.

## Transport
The road across the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is National Highway 104. The same road is also part of highways 205 and 312.

The railroad across the bridge is the Beijing–Shanghai Railway. (This is the railroad for slow trains. The high-speed trains between Beijing and Shanghai use a different bridge.) The same railroad is also part of the Nanjing–Xi'an and Nanjing–Qidong Railways. It is also used for the Shanghai–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, but those trains can't go very fast across the bridge.

## Art
The bridge was constructed under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong. It is covered with his sayings and calligraphy (artistic handwriting). It also has statues and pictures of strong and passionate soldiers, workers, and farmers that go along with what the words say. There are also pictures of China's growing industry.

File:Red slogan on the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (flickr 8034628110).jpg | One of Mao Zedong's sayings, with his signature
File:Nanjing Yangtze Bridge Statue1.jpg | PLA soldiers carrying Mao Zedong's "Little Red Book"
File:Nanjing Yangtze Bridge Statue2.jpg | Women carrying guns and Communist signs

File:An engraving in Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge.JPG | A picture of China's growing industry

## Notes
## References
Breathin

"**Breathin**" is a song by American singer and actress Ariana Grande.  It is the third single from her fourth studio album, *Sweetener*.  It was released on September 20, 2018.  Grande co-wrote the song with Max Martin, Ilya, and Savan Kotecha.

The song is about experiencing anxiety and panic attacks and that one just needs to breathe through the process.

It has performed moderately on worldwide charts.

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Copyright Date 
(C) 2018 Republic Records Inc.

## References
My Friends Tigger & Pooh

***My Friends Tigger & Pooh*** is an American computer-animated children's television series on Playhouse Disney. It had 63 episodes and 3 seasons. It ran from May 12, 2007 to October 9, 2010.

## Other websites 
*
Waldenburg, Switzerland

**Waldenburg** is the capital of the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Official website 
* Waldenburger Rail Line
Miller County

**Miller County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
* Miller County, Arkansas
* Miller County, Georgia
* Miller County, Missouri
Mississippi County, Arkansas

**Mississippi County** is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,685. There are two county seats, Blytheville and Osceola. The county was founded on November 1, 1833, and named for the Mississippi River which borders the county to the east.

## References
Miller County, Arkansas

**Miller County** is a county located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,600. The county seat is Texarkana.

## References
Lods

**Lods** is a commune of 224 people (2015). It is found in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Geography 
Lods is in the Jura Mountains, about  southeast of the city of Besançon. It is in the valley of the Loue River.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Doubs department

## References 
* INSEE commune file

## Other websites 
* Lods on the intercommunal Web site of the department
Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska

**Aleutians West Census Area** is a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,232. It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest city is Unalaska.

## References
Fairbanks North Star Borough

The **Fairbanks North Star Borough** is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 95,655. The borough seat is Fairbanks.

## References
Greenland, Minnesota

**Greenland** is an unincorporated community in Elysian Township, Le Sueur County, Minnesota, United States.

Greenland is found along 231st Avenue near its crossing with Greenland Road.  Highway 60 (MN 60) is not far from Greenland.

Greenland had a post office from 1883 to 1914, and was on the old Chicago Great Western Railroad.

Some places not far from Greenland are Elysian and Madison Lake.

## References
1967 Baltimore Colts season

The **1967 Baltimore Colts season** was the 15th season for the team in the National Football League. They ended the regular season with a record of 11 wins, 1 loss, and 2 ties. This was the same record the Los Angeles Rams achieved. Since the Rams were in the same division, the Colts lost the tie based on point differential in head-to-head games and thus did not make the playoffs.

The Colts' win percentage of .917 (The NFL did not count ties for such purposes until 1972) is the best in North American pro sports history for a team that did not make the playoffs

## Team and Staff 
### Staff/Coaches 
### Roster 
## Regular season 
### Schedule 
### Standings 
**Note:** Tie games were not counted in the standings until 1972.

## Awards and honors 
* Johnny Unitas, Bert Bell Award

## References
Cordova, Minnesota

**Cordova** is an unincorporated community in Cordova Township, Le Sueur County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is found on Le Sueur County Road 2, where it meets with Le Sueur County Road 5 at Gorman Lake.

County Roads 7 and 11 are also found near.  The Little Cannon River is nearby.

Cordova had a post office from 1857 to 1907.  It was mapped on September 28, 1867, and incorporated on February 27, 1878, but since then has gone back to being an unincorporated community in Cordova Township.

Places not far away include Le Center, Waterville, Kilkenny, Montgomery, Lexington, Cleveland, and Elysian.

## References
Manohar Prahlad Awati

Vice Admiral **Manohar Prahlad Awati**, PVSM, VrC, (7 September 1927 &ndash; 4 November 2018) was the former Chief of India's Western Naval Command. He retired in 1983. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he was awarded the Vir Chakra for his command of the INS Kamorta. The admiral was also known as the "Father of the Indian Navy's Circumnavigation Adventures".

Awati died on 4 November 2018 in Maharashtra, India from complications of pneumonia at the age of 91.

## References
Henderson Station, Minnesota

**Henderson Station** is an unincorporated community in Tyrone Township, Le Sueur County, Minnesota, United States.  The community is also known as *East Henderson*.  It is 1.3 miles east of Henderson, and six miles north of Le Sueur.

The community is found on Henderson Station Road–Le Sueur County Road 34.  Highway 19 (MN 19) and U.S. 169 are found close by.

The community of Henderson Station was first started in the 1850s as *Clarksville*, which could be found on the east side of the Minnesota River, across from the city of Henderson in bordering Sibley County.  The community was organized in 1855, mapped in 1877, incorporated in 1883, but has gone back to being an unincorporated community in section 7 within Tyrone Township.

Henderson Station had a ferry from 1856 to 1877, a general store, and a grain elevator, which closed in 1960.

It had a station on the old Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railroad in section 6 of Tyrone Township.

Ney Nature Center is nearby.

## References