open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Variant of Concern 202012/01

**The first Variant Under Investigation in December 2020** (**VUI – 202012/01**), also known as **B.1.1.7**, is a mutation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. 
 
It was first detected in the United Kingdom in October 2020, and it quickly began to spread by mid-December. 
Scientists know that this variant can transmit faster than other SARS-CoV-2 variants. 

## Notes
## References
Miguel Cardona

**Miguel Angel Cardona** (born July 11, 1975) is an American educator. Cardona was the 12th United States Secretary of Education from 2021 until 2025 during the Joe Biden administration. He was the Connecticut Commissioner of Education from 2019 until 2021.

On December 22, 2020 President Joe Biden nominated Cardona to be the United States Secretary of Education in his cabinet. He was confirmed by a vote of 64-33 on March 1, 2021. He was sworn-in the next day.

Cardona is from Meriden, Connecticut. He began his career as a fourth-grade teacher at Israel Putnam Elementary School in Meriden. In 2003, at the age of 27, he was named principal of Hanover School, also in Meriden, making him the youngest principal in the state.

## References
The Addams Family (2019 movie)

***The Addams Family*** is a 2019 animated supernatural black comedy movie directed by Conrad Vernon and Greg Tiernan. It is based on the characters created by Charles Addams.

The movie stars the voices of Oscar Isaac, Charlize Theron, Chloë Grace Moretz, Finn Wolfhard, Nick Kroll, Snoop Dogg, Bette Midler, and Allison Janney.

The movie was released on October 11, 2019 to mixed reviews.

## References
Jeanne Robertson

in April 2012]]
**Jeanne Swanner Robertson** (September 21, 1943 &ndash; August 21, 2021) was an American comedienne, motivational speaker and a former physical education teacher. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1963, she won Miss North Carolina.

Robertson died on August 21, 2021 in Burlington, North Carolina at age 77.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
To the Victor

***To the Victor*** is a 1948 American romantic drama movie directed by Delmer Daves and starring Dennis Morgan, Viveca Lindfors, Victor Francen, Eduardo Ciannelli, Anthony Caruso, Tom D'Andrea, Dorothy Malone. It was distributed by Warner Bros..

## Other websites
* 
*
Harlem After Midnight

***Harlem After Midnight*** is a 1934 American drama movie directed by Oscar Micheaux (who also stars) and starring Lawrence Chenault, Rex Ingram, Carlton Moss, Alice B. Russell. It is a lost movie.

## Other websites 
*
Cesare Emiliani

**Cesare Emiliani** (8 December 1922 – 20 July 1995) was an Italian-American scientist, geologist, micropaleontologist, and founder of paleoceanography. He developed the timescale of marine isotope stages which is still used today.

He established that the ice ages of the last half million years or so are a cyclic phenomenon. This supported the ideas of Milankovitch and revolutionized ideas about the history of the oceans and the glaciations. He was also the proponent of Project "LOCO" (for Long Cores) to the U.S. National Science Foundation. The project was a success. It gave evidence of the history of the oceans and tested the hypotheses of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics.

In 1993, Cesare Emiliani wrote an article for the science journal Nature. He said we should use a new kind of calendar called the Holocene calendar.

Cesare Emiliani was honored by having the genus *Emiliania* erected as home for the taxon *huxlei*. This had previously been called *Coccolithus huxleii*. He was awarded the Vega Medal of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography (SSAG) in 1983, and the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1989 for his isotopic studies on Pleistocene and Holocene planktic foraminifera.

## Selected works 
*Emiliani C. 1954. *Depth habitats of some species of pelagic foraminifera as indicated by oxygen isotope ratios*. American Journal of Science 252:149–158
*Emiliani C. 1957. *Temperature and age analysis of deepsea cores*. Science 125:383–385
*Emiliani C. 1968. *The Pleistocene epoch and the evolution of man*. Current Anthropology 9:27–47
*Emiliani C. 1971. *Depth habitats and growth stages of pelagic formanifera*. Science 173:1122–1124
*Emiliani, Cesare 1992. *Planet Earth : cosmology, geology, & the evolution of life & the environment*. Cambridge University Press. (paperback edition )

## References
K. T. Oslin

**Kay Toinette Oslin** (May 15, 1942 – December 21, 2020) was an American country music singer-songwriter. She was best known for her 1987 top-ten hit country single "80's Ladies". Oslin was born in Crossett, Arkansas. She won three Grammy Awards (one in 1988 and two in 1989).

In June 2015, she was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Oslin died on December 21, 2020, a week after being diagnosed with COVID-19 in Nashville, Tennessee, aged 78.

## References
Kevin Greene (American football)

**Kevin Darwin Greene** (July 31, 1962 – December 21, 2020) was an American professional football player. He was a linebacker and defensive end for the Los Angeles Rams, Pittsburgh Steelers, Carolina Panthers, and San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1985 through 1999. 

He was also an outside linebackers coach for the Green Bay Packers from 2009 through 2013 and the New York Jets from 2017 through 2018. 

He was a three-time All-Pro and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2016. 

Greene died on December 21, 2020 in Destin, Florida, at the age of 58.

## References
John Fitzpatrick (footballer, born 1946)

**John Herbert Norton Fitzpatrick** (18 August 1946 &ndash; 21 December 2020) was a Scottish footballer. He played as a wing half, forward and full-back for English club Manchester United. 

He died in December 2020 at the age of 74.

## Statistics 
## Notes
## References
Inés Moreno

**Inés Moreno** (1932 – 20 December 2020) was an Argentine actress. She played many femme fatale roles. Moreno was born in Buenos Aires. She was best known for her role as Teresa in the 1958 drama *Behind a Long Wall*.

Moreno was married to the actor Juan Carlos Barbieri. They had a daughter Andrea Barbieri. She later divorced Barbieri and married the Uruguayan journalist Lucho Avilés.

Moreno died on 20 December 2020 in Buenos Aires from problems caused by a long-illness, aged 88.

## References
Femme fatale

poster where a *femme fatale* appears]]
A ***femme fatale*** ( or ; , literally "lethal woman"), sometimes called a **maneater** or **vamp**, is a character that is a mysterious, beautiful, and seductive woman. This character often traps her lovers, often leading them into deadly traps. 

## References
Anthony Banzi

**Anthony Mathias Banzi** (28 October 1946 &ndash; 20 December 2020) was a Tanzanian Roman Catholic bishop. Banzi was born in Tawa, Tanzania. He became a priest in 1973. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanga from 1994 until his death in 2020.

Banzi died in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on 20 December 2020, aged 74.

## References
David Giler

**David Kevin Giler** (July 23, 1943 – December 19, 2020) was an American screenwriter and television director. His career began in 1962 and he retired in 2017. He was best known for writing the screenplay for *Aliens*, *Fun with Dick and Jane* and *The Money Pit*. 

Giler was married to actress Nancy Kwan from 1970 until their divorce in 1972.

On December 19, 2020, he died of cancer at his home in Bangkok, Thailand at the age of 77.

## References
Anthony Birley

**Anthony Richard Birley**  (8 October 1937 – 19 December 2020) was a British ancient historian, archaeologist and academic. He was born in Chesterholm, Northumberland. He was known for his works to preserve the Vindolanda in Chesterholm.

Birley was the Professor of Ancient History at the University of Manchester from 1974 to 1990 and at University of Düsseldorf from 1990 to 2002. He was an Honorary Professor in the Department of Classics and Ancient History at the University of Durham.

Birley died of lung cancer on 19 December 2020 in Chesterholm, aged 83.

## References
Sun Weiben

**Sun Weiben** (; 19 November 1928 – 18 December 2020) was a Chinese politician. He was Communist Party Secretary of Heilongjiang from 1985 to 1994 and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Heilongjiang People's Congress from 1988 to 1998. 

He was a member of the 12th, 13th and 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th National People's Congress. 

Sun died on 18 December 2020, almost one month after his 92nd birthday.

## References
Armin Hofmann

**Armin Hofmann** (HonRDI) (29 June 1920 – 18 December 2020) was a Swiss graphic designer. He was born in Geneva. He worked at the Schule für Gestaltung Basel. In 1965 he wrote the *Graphic Design Manual*, a popular textbook in graphic design. 

Hofmann died in December 2020 at the age of 100.

## References
William J. Castagna

**William John Castagna** (June 25, 1924 – December 18, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida from 1979 until his death. He was nominated to the court by President Jimmy Carter. Castagna was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Castagna died on December 18, 2020 in Tampa, Florida at the age of 96.

## References
Ikenwoli Godfrey Emiko

**Ikenwoli Godfrey Emiko** (19 March 1955 – 21 December 2020) was a Nigerian businessman, philanthropist and traditional ruler. He was the Olu of Warri from 2015 until his death. He was crowned Ogiame Ikenwoli on 12 December 2015

Emiko died on 21 December 2020 in Warri, Nigeria from COVID-19 at the age of 65.

## References
FIFA 12

***FIFA 12*** is a 2011 association football simulation video game in Electronic Arts' *FIFA* series created by EA Canada and published by Electronic Arts. It was released for the Playstation 2, Playstation 3, Playstation Portable, PlayStation Vita, Xbox 360, Wii, Nintendo 3DS, Android, iOS, MacOS and Microsoft Windows.
Demisexuality

.]]

A demisexual is a person who doesn't experience primary sexual attraction based on sight or smell or other instantly available information. Demisexuals do experience secondary sexual attraction after knowing more about the person than just their looks, how much demisexuals need to know about said person and for how long they need to know about them for secondary sexual attraction to develop varies from person to person.

## Etymology
The term was created in February 8, 2006 at the AVEN Forums by a member named “Sonofzeal”. Based on the theory that allosexuals experience both primary and secondary sexual attraction and asexuals don’t experience either, the term was proposed to describe those who experienced one but not the other

Demisexuality is also often mistaken as an admirable choice rather than an innate sexuality. Demisexuality also is not related to a moral or religious belief about sex. It is a sexual orientation, not a choice.

## References
Gogi Kavtaradze

**Georgy Georgyevich Kavtaradze** (2 April 1940 &ndash; 20 December 2020) was a Georgian actor and filmmaker. He was born in Tbilisi, Georgia. His career began in 1957. He was known for his roles as Luka in ''Don't Grieve* (1969), the Commissioner in *Melodies of Vera Quarter* (1974) and as the Educator in *Wounded Game'' (1977).

Kavtaradze died on 20 December 2020 in Tbilisi at the age of 80.

## References
Leif Mills

**Leif Anthony Mills** (25 March 1936 &ndash; 17 December 2020) was a British trade unionist and politician. He was General-Secretary of the Banking, Insurance and Finance Union from 1972 to 1996. In 1995, he was President of the Trades Union Congress.

He unsuccessfully ran for the Labour Party in Salisbury at the 1964 general election.

Mills died on 17 December 2020 from vascular dementia at the age of 84.

## References
League of Legends World Championship

The '''*League of Legends* World Championship** (commonly abbreviated as **Worlds'*) is an annual professional *League of Legends'' world championship tournament. It is hosted by Riot Games. It comes at the end of each season. Teams compete for the champion title, the  Summoner's Cup, and a multi-million-dollar championship prize. In 2018, the finals were watched by 99.6 million people, breaking 2017's finals' viewer record. The tournament has been praised for its ceremonial performances. It has received attention worldwide because of its dramatic and emotional nature.

The *League of Legends* World Championships has been very successful and popular. It is one of the world's most prestigious and watched tournaments and the most watched video games in the world. Because of its success, esports became prominent and widely seen as a potential Olympics event. It is already included as a medal event in 2022 Asian Games.

The tournament is held in different major countries and regions each year. South Korea's T1 is the most successful team in the tournament's history, having won three world championships.

## Trophy 
Riot Games, which owns *League of Legends*, commissioned the winner's trophy known as the Summoner's Cup. Riot specified that it should weigh , though the actual weight of the finished cup was reduced so it would not be too heavy to lift in victory. Thomas Lyte created the Season Two World Championship Cup in 2012. He made the winners' trophy for the 2014 games.

## Overview 
### Results 
### Regions which have reached the top four 
(*): Region had two teams that finished in 3rd/4th place in this year.

### Teams which have reached the top four 
 Background shading indicates a team/organization has been disbanded, acquired or no longer participates in the regional league.

## Notes
## References
Turkvision Song Contest

The **Turkvision Song Contest** is a song contest run by the TÜRKSOY and transmitted by the Turkish music channel TMB TV that started in 2013. Different singers representing a Turkic country or regions which were Turkic-speaking and also Turkic communities in differents parts of the world (like as Germany, Poland, Spain and Ukraine) every year between 2013-2015 and in 2020.

## List of winners
## Highest placings of non-winning countries
## Bala winners
## Highest placings of non-winning countries
## Related pages
*Eurovision Song Contest
*Junior Eurovision Song Contest
*AfriMusic Song Contest
*American Song Contest
*Eurovision Asia Song Contest
Kokarit frog

The **Kokarit frog**, **meng-yang frog**, **yellow frog**, or **black-lined pond frog** (*Humerana lateralis*) is a frog from China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar and Laos.

## References
Anal gland

Many animals have glands which are located close to the anus. These glands are called **anal glands**. In many cases, they produce a specific secretion or smell, which the animals use to identify each other. If the animal is territorial, it may also use secretions of these glands to mark the territory. Sometimes, animals signal that they are ready for copulation.

Animals with anal glands include:
* Many primates, including humans
* Most carnivores
* Many rodents
* Snakes
Cypriot Americans

**Cypriot Americans** are Americans of full or partial Cypriot ancestry. Cypriot Americans, alongside English, speak Cypriot Greek, Cypriot Turkish, Cypriot Arabic, or Armenian. Most Cypriot Americans are either Eastern Christians or Sunni Muslims.

## References
Edinson Cavani

**Edinson Roberto Cavani Gómez** (born 14 February 1987) is a Uruguayan footballer. He plays as a striker for Argentine Primera División team Boca Juniors and the Uruguay national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
**Notes**

### International
:''Scores and results list Uruguay's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Cavani goal.''

## Honours
 after PSG's win in 2014]]

**Danubio** 2018–19, 2019–20
*Coupe de France: 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2019–20
*Coupe de la Ligue: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2019–20
*Trophée des Champions: 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019
*UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2019–20

**Manchester United**
*UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2020–21

**Uruguay**
* Serie A Fan Award: 2010
* Serie A Team of the Year: 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13
* Coppa Italia top scorer: 2011–12 (5 goals)
* Capocannoniere: 2012–13
* Guerin d'Oro: 2012–13
* UNFP Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2013–14, 2016–17, 2017–18
* UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Year: 2016–17
* Ligue 1 top scorer: 2016–17 (35 goals), 2017–18 (28 goals)
* Coupe de la Ligue Top scorer: 2013–14 (four goals), 2014–15 (three goals), 2016–17 (four goals)
* Coupe de France top scorer: 2014–15 (four goals)
* UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Month: September 2016, October 2016
*Trofeo EFE: 2017–18
* ESM Team of the Year: 2016–17
* CONMEBOL FIFA World Cup qualification top scorer: 2018 (ten goals)
* Ligue 1 Best Foreign Player: 2017
* Golden Foot: 2018
* Premier League Goal of the Month: May 2021
* UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2020–21
* IFFHS Uruguayan Men's Dream Team (Team B)

## References
Bosnian Americans

**Bosnian Americans** are Americans whose ancestry can be traced to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most of the Bosnian Americans (especially those of Bosniak or mixed ethnic heritage) immigrated to the United States during and after the Bosnian War which lasted from 1992–95.
The Authority (professional wrestling)

**The Authority** was a professional wrestling stable in WWE that existed from 2013–2016. It was based around the company's Chief operating officer, Triple H and his wife, Stephanie McMahon, who gained control as the general managers of both *Raw* and *SmackDown.
** Feud of the Year (2014) – Seth Rollins (vs. Dean Ambrose)
** Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2013) – The Authority
** Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2014) – Triple H and Stephanie McMahon
** Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2015) – Seth Rollins
** Tag Team of the Year (2013) – The Shield (Roman Reigns and Seth Rollins)
** Wrestler of the Year (2015) – Seth Rollins
** Ranked Seth Rollins No. 1 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the *PWI 500'' in 2015
* **WWE**
** World Heavyweight Championship (1 time) – Randy Orton
** WWE Tag Team Championship (2 times) – The Shield (Roman Reigns and Seth Rollins), The New Age Outlaws (Billy Gunn and Road Dogg)
** WWE United States Championship (2 times) – Dean Ambrose (1), Seth Rollins (1)
** WWE (World Heavyweight) Championship (4 times) – Randy Orton (2), Triple H (1), Seth Rollins (1)
** André the Giant Memorial Batlle Royal (2015) – Big Show
** Royal Rumble (2016) &ndash; Triple H
** Money in the Bank (2014) – Seth Rollins
** Vincent J. McMahon Legacy of Excellence Award (2016) – Stephanie McMahon
** Slammy Award (9 times)
*** Breakout Star of the Year (2013) – The Shield (Dean Ambrose, Roman Reigns and Seth Rollins)
*** Faction of the Year (2013) – The Shield
*** Insult of the Year (2013) – Stephanie McMahon for insulting Big Show
*** Rivalry of the Year (2014) vs. Daniel Bryan
*** Trending Now Hashtag of the Year (2013) – The Shield for #BelieveInTheShield
** Most Improved (2013) – Roman Reigns
** Most Overrated (2013) – Randy Orton
** Tag Team of the Year (2013) – The Shield (Roman Reigns and Seth Rollins)
** Worst Feud of the Year (2013) – vs. Big Show

## References
Georgian Americans

**Georgian Americans** () are Americans of full or partial Georgian ancestry. They include ethnic Georgians who have immigrated to the U.S. from Georgia, as well as other areas with large Georgian populations, such as Russia.

The exact number of Americans of Georgian descent is unknown. This is because 19th and 20th century U.S. immigration records often did not differentiate between various ethnic groups originating from the Russian Empire, of which Georgia was part until 1918.

## References
Argentina national under-20 football team

The **Argentina national under-20 football team** is a youth national team of Argentina. They represent Argentina at the FIFA U-20 World Cup and at the South American Youth Championship.

## Competitive record
### FIFA U-20 World Cup Record
### South American Youth Championship Record
1Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks.

## Honours
### Competitive
***FIFA U-20 World Cup**
**** Champions (6):** 1979, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2007
**  Runners-up (1): 1983
** Fourth Place (1): 2003
***South American Championship U-20**
**** Champions (5):** 1967, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2015
**  Runners-up (7): 1958, 1979, 1991, 1995, 2001, 2007, 2019
**  Third Place (8): 1971, 1975, 1981, 1983, 1987, 1988, 2005, 2011
** Fourth Place (2): 1974, 2017

### Individual awards
#### FIFA U-20 World Cup
## Top goalscorers
## Related pages
*Argentina national football team

## References
Federico Valverde

**Federico Santiago Valverde Dipetta** (born 22 July 1998) is a Uruguayan professional footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Uruguay national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Uruguay's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Valverde goal.''

## Honours
**Peñarol**
*Primera División: 2015–16

**Real Madrid**
*La Liga: 2019–20, 2021–22
*Copa del Rey: 2022–23
*Supercopa de España: 2019–20, 2021–22
*UEFA Champions League: 2021–22
*UEFA Super Cup: 2022
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2018, 2022

**Individual**
*La Liga Team of the Season: 2022–23
*FIFA U-20 World Cup Silver Ball: 2017
*UEFA La Liga Revelation Team of the year: 2019–20
*La Liga Player of the Month: September 2022
*FIFA Club World Cup Silver Ball: 2022

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
Diogo Jota

**Diogo José Teixeira da Silva** (4 December 1996 – 3 July 2025), commonly known as **Diogo Jota**, was a Portuguese footballer. He played as a winger for Premier League team Liverpool.

Jota was 28 years old when he and his brother, André Silva, were killed in a car crash in Cernadilla, Spain, on 3 July 2025. Their funeral took place in Gondomar on 5 July 2025. Many people from the world of football attended, including Andrew Robertson and Virgil van Dijk, who carried floral tributes into the church. A book of condolences was opened for others to write private messages which would go to the family.

## Career statistics 
### Club 
Jota played for F.C. Paços de Ferreira from 2014 until 2016, when he joined Atlético Madrid. He went on loan to FC Porto for the 2016–17 season,  and to Wolverhampton Wanderers (Wolves) for 2017–18. He signed a contract with Wolves after the loan ended, and played for them until 2020. Liverpool signed him before the 2020–21 season, and he was part of their team which won the FA Premier League title in 2024–25.

### International 
:''Scores and results list Portugal's number of goals first, score column shows score after each Jota goal.''

**Liverpool**
*Premier League: 2024–25
*FA Cup: 2021–22
*EFL Cup: 2021–22
*UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2021–22

**Portugal**
*UEFA Nations League: 2018–19

**Individual**
*Premier League Player of the Month: January 2024 
*Primeira Liga Goal of the Month: February 2016
*UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2020

## References
**International appearances**
*

**General**

## Other websites
*Portuguese League profile  
*
Emil Cadkin

**Emil Milton Cadkin** (Russian: Эмиль Кадкин; August 26, 1920 &ndash; December 16, 2020) was an American composer. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was known for composing the movie scores of *The Big Fix* (1947) and *The Killer Shrews* (1959).

Cadkin died on December 16, 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 100.

## References
Ian Puleston-Davies

**Ian Puleston-Davies** (born 6 September 1958) is a Welsh actor. He is best known for portraying the roles of Terry Williams in the Channel 4 soap opera *Hollyoaks* (1995–1996), Owen Armstrong in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (2010–2015), and Charlie Fisher in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2010). 

## Other websites
*
Royal Order of Crown of Rwanda

**Royal Order of the Crown of Rwanda** (**Ikamba** in the native Kinyarwandan language),  the second-highest, non-religious, decoration/order for merit in the  De jure Kingdom of Rwanda. It is the inheritor of ancient pagan tradition (the Gucana Uruti) envisioned by H.M. King Mutara III of Rwanda in 1950 and it was formally instituted by his successor, Kigeli V, in 1959.

This distinction granted the honoree the right to be treated as a member of the family of the reigning king. The decorated hero that had undergone Gucana Uruti was allowed to wear the crown of the Mwami (King) when the Mwami was seated and not using it.

The Order may be granted as a hereditary award or as a non-hereditary honor. Nobility is conferred upon the grantee. 

There are three ranks in the Order. The highest is the Grand Collar, followed by the Grand Cross, and the lowest rank is Commander. A recipient at the ranks of Grand Collar or Grand Cross is entitled to the style of *“Son Excellence”*. A recipient at the rank of Commander is entitled to the style of *“L’honorable”*.

The original recipient was H.M. Baudouin the King of the Belgians gifted by H.M. King Mutara III in 1950. This gift was a physical precedent for the Order, and it was also a prelude to its official introduction years later.

The order has been rarely awarded by the last sovereign ruler of Rwanda HM Kigeli V and the most notable recipients include, among others, the socialist/communist affiliation leaders like Nobel prize winner and the former president of South Africa Nelson Mandela (the rank of Grand Cross, 1999) and the first Prime Minister of the independent Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) Patrice Lumumba (posthumously handed over to the family, the rank of Grand Cross, 1966).

As a hereditary award in the rank of Grand Cross, it was granted to the pioneer of the New Ink Art movement a freethinker artist Alfred Freddy Krupa in 2013 and reconfirmed in 2016.

## References
Kazimierz Deyna

**Kazimierz Deyna** (23 October 1947 - 1 September 1989) was a Polish footballer. He died in a car accident.

### International goals
:Source:

::''Scores and results table. Poland's goal tally first:''

## Honours
### Club
**Legia Warsaw**
*Polish Championship: 1968–69, 1969–70
*Polish Cup: 1966, 1973

### International
**Poland**
*FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1974

## References
## Other websites
* Kazimierz Deyna Official Website  
* 
* 
* 
* Goals in International Matches
* http://articles.latimes.com/1989-09-27/sports/sp-72_1_legal-limit
Robson Green

**Robson Golightly Green** (born 18 December 1964) is an English actor, angler, singer, songwriter, and presenter.

His first major television role was as hospital porter Jimmy Powell in the BBC medical drama series *Casualty* (1989–1992). He then went on to portray Fusilier Dave Tucker in the ITV military drama series *Soldier Soldier* (1991–1995). Between 2002 and 2008, he played Dr. Tony Hill in the ITV crime drama series *Wire in the Blood*. In 2011, he appeared as Rob Scotcher in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road*.

As a television presenter he has fronted shows such as *Extreme Fishing with Robson Green*, ''Robson's Extreme Fishing Challenge* and *Tales from Northumberland with Robson Green''. He currently plays Detective Inspector Geordie Keating on ITV's *Grantchester*. He was one half of the singing duo Robson & Jerome, who had several No. 1 singles in the 1990s.

## Filmography
### Self
* 2014–present: Grantchester

2023–present: Robson Green's Weekend Escapes

## References
## Other websites
*
Sammarinese Americans

**Sammarinese Americans** are Americans of Sammarinese descent.

The largest Sammarinese-American communities are in Michigan, mostly in the cities of Troy and Detroit. Sammarinese immigrants in Troy established institutions such as the San Marino Club and Re Monti Stentorian.

## References
2019 UEFA Nations League Finals

The **2019 UEFA Nations League Finals** was the final tournament of the 2018–19 edition of the UEFA Nations League The tournament was held in Portugal from 5 to 9 June 2019, and was played by the four group winners of Nations League A. The tournament was made up of two semi-finals, a third place play-off, and final to determine the first ever champions of the UEFA Nations League.

Portugal won the final 1–0 against the Netherlands to become the first champions of the UEFA Nations League.

## Qualified teams
The four group winners of League A qualified for the Nations League Finals.

## Venues
In their bid dossier, the Portuguese Football Federation proposed Estádio do Dragão in Porto and Estádio D. Afonso Henriques in Guimarães as the venues.
*90 minutes.
*30 minutes of extra time if necessary.
*Penalty shoot-out if scores still level.
*Maximum of twelve named substitutes.
*Maximum of three substitutions, with a fourth allowed in extra time.
|}

## Statistics
### Goalscorers
### Assists
### Awards
;Team of the Tournament
The Team of the Tournament was selected by UEFA's technical observers, and includes at least one player from each of the four participants.

UEFA also announced a team of the tournament based on the FedEx Performance Zone player rankings.

;Player of the Tournament
* Bernardo Silva

;Young Player of the Tournament
* Frenkie de Jong

## References
## Other websites
*
*2019 UEFA Nations League Finals, UEFA.com
*UEFA Technical Report
Russian Americans

**Russian Americans** are Americans who can trace their ancestry to Russia, the former Russian Empire, or the former Soviet Union.

## References
Dual polyhedron

In geometry, every polyhedron is related to a **dual polyhedron**. The vertices (points) of one polyhedron match with the faces (flat surfaces) of the other. The edges connecting vertices in one polyhedron match with the edges connecting faces of the other. Starting with any given polyhedron, the dual of its dual is the original polyhedron. 

Of the five platonic polyhedra, only the tetrahedron is dual to itself. The cube and octahedron are dual, and the dodecahedron and icosahedron are dual.

## References
* .
Ocean Spray

**Ocean Spray** is an American agricultural cooperative. It is headquartered in Plymouth County, Massachusetts. It has over 700 growers of grapefruit and cranberries in Florida, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Oregon and Washington.

The products by Ocean Spray include dried cranberries, fruit juices and fruit snacks.

Ocean Spray's cranberry juice won the ChefsBestAward for Best Taste. It also made dried raisins (Craisins).

It was established in 1930.

## References
Sarah Hadland

**Sarah Catherine Hadland** (born 15 May 1971) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Stevie Sutton in the BBC BAFTA-nominated sitcom *Miranda* (2009–2015), Linda Radleigh in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2011–2012), and Trish Collingwood in the ITV sitcom *The Job Lot* (2013–2015).

Hadland appeared as the Ocean Sky receptionist in the 2008 *James Bond* film *Quantum of Solace*. Her other film roles include *Magicians*, *Learners* (both 2007), and *Leap Year* (2010). Hadland also appeared in the ITV comedy-drama series *Moving Wallpaper* as script writer Gillian McGovern (2008–2009), and had roles in the British comedy television shows *That Mitchell and Webb Look* (2008–2010), *Horrible Histories* (2009–2010, 2012–2013), and *Brotherhood* (2015). In 2016, she appeared in the BBC mini-series *The Moonstone*.

## Other websites
*
DWSM

**DWSM** (102.7 FM), branded as 102.7 Star FM, is a 24/7 music/news FM radio station. It is owned and operated by People's Broadcasting Service, Inc. in the Philippines. The station is an affliate station of the Bombo Radyo Holdings, Inc. The studio, office and transmitter is in Unit D, 18th floor, Strata 2000 Building, F. Ortigas Jr. Avenue, Ortigas Center, Pasig City. Its news studios is on the Florete Bldg., 2406 Nobel corner Edison Streets, Makati City.

## Other websites
*Live Stream
*Star FM website
DWLS

**DWLS** (97.1 FM), branded as **Barangay LS 97.1**, is a 24/7 Top 40 (CHR)/OPM
/K-Pop FM radio station. It is owned and operated by RGMA (Radio GMA) in the Philippines. It is an affliate station of GMA Network, Inc. The studio is in  GMA Network Center Complex, EDSA corner, Timog Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City. Its transmitter is on the GMA Tower of Power Barangay Culiat, Tandang Sora, Quezon City, Philippines (soon to be moving located at Sumulong Highway, Barangay San Roque, Antipolo City).

## Other websites
*Live Stream
*Barangay LS website
Dilation (geometry)

In geometry, **dilation** (also called **homothety** or **homothetic transformation**) is the process which changes the size of a figure without changing its shape, a type of transformation. Any figure and its image after dilation are similar to each other.

Dilation is defined by a point V, the center of dilation, and a number k, the ratio. Given a point P in the plane, its image P' (*P prime*) is on the line VP. The distance from P' to V is k times the distance from P to V.

## References 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* https://brilliant.org/wiki/euclidean-geometry-homothety/
Characters in the Super Smash Bros. series

The fighting game series *Super Smash Bros.* from Nintendo was started in 1999. It features many video game characters from different series. There are over 80 playable characters across the series. Most of these are from series owned by Nintendo, but there are also some characters from series owned by other companies. There are also other non-player characters, such as enemies, bosses, and power-ups.

## Playable characters 
Each game in the series has a number of playable characters called "fighters". There are currently 86 fighters in the entire series. Starting with *Super Smash Bros. Brawl*, characters from non-Nintendo series started being added. At the start of each game, some of the fighters will be hidden. To unlock a hidden fighter, players need to reach certain goals and then defeat that fighter in a match.

In *Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS* and *Wii U* and *Super Smash Bros. Ultimate*, players can make their own Mii Fighters. Mii Fighters have costumes which can be unlocked or bought as downloadable content. Many of these costumes are based on characters and series which do not have playable characters, such as Heihachi Mishima from *Tekken*, Sans from *Undertale*, Cuphead from *Cuphead*, Vault Boy from *Fallout* and Travis Touchdown from *No More Heroes*. All games have fighters that share a lot of moves and properties with other characters, but with some small differences. In *Ultimate*, these characters are called "Echo Fighters".

In *Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS*, *Super Smash Bros. for Wii U*, and *Super Smash Bros. Ultimate*, some characters were released as downloadable content (DLC). This means that players have to buy them separately from the game itself. 

## References
Alec Newman

**Alec Newman** (born 27 November 1974) is a Scottish actor. He is best known for portraying Paul Atreides in the Sci Fi Channel's 2000 mini-series adaptation of Frank Herbert's *Dune*.

He works in film, TV, theatre and video games. In 2025, he won a BAFTA award for his performance in the video game *Still Wakes the Deep.* 

## Personal life
In February 2013, Newman became engaged to Heather Stewart. They married in Ayrshire in June 2014.

## Other websites
*
Elaine Symons

**Elaine Symons** (born 4 December 1974) is an Irish actress, who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. She is best known for her role as alcoholic mother-of-five Rose Kelly in the BBC One school-based drama series *Waterloo Road*, which she played from 2009 to 2011. 

## Other websites
*
Heather Peace

**Heather Mary Peace** (born 16 June 1975) is an English actress, musician and LGBT rights activist. She is best known for portraying the roles of Sally 'Gracie' Fields in the ITV drama series ''London's Burning* (1998–2002), Nikki Boston in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2012–2014), and Eve Unwin in the BBC soap opera *EastEnders* (2021–present). 

Peace has also portrayed roles on British dramas such as *Emmerdale* (1997), *Ultimate Force* (2005–2006), *The Chase* (2006–2007), *Coronation Street* (2008), and *Lip Service'' (2010–2012). 

## Other websites
*
Daniela Denby-Ashe

**Daniela Jolanta Denby-Ashe** (born 9 August 1978) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Sarah Hills in the BBC soap opera *EastEnders* (1995–1999), Janey Harper in the BBC sitcom *My Family* (2000–2002, 2004–2011), Margaret Hale in the BBC period drama series *North & South* (2004), and Lorraine Donnegan in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2012–2013).

## Personal life
Denby-Ashe was born in North West London, the daughter of Polish immigrants.

## Other websites
*
Karen David

**Karen Shenaz David** (born 15 April 1979) is an Indian-Canadian-British actress, singer, and songwriter. She is best known for portraying Princess Isabella Maria Lucia Elizabetta of Valencia in ABC's fairytale-themed musical-comedy series *Galavant* (2015–2016), as well as the Head of Spanish Cesca Montoya in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2010–2011), and Layla in the American action film *The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior* (2008). She starred as Angela in the ITV comedy-drama series *Cold Feet* (2016), and played Princess Jasmine (from *Aladdin*) in the American fantasy adventure drama series *Once Upon a Time* (2016–2017).

From 2011 to 2012, David starred in *Pixelface*, a CBBC children's series, where she played Alexia, the glamorous legend hunter.

She had a recurring role on The CW's *Legacies* as Emma, a guidance counselor and witch (2018–2019), and currently appears in the regular role of Grace Mukherjee in American post-apocalyptic horror drama series *Fear the Walking Dead* (2019–present).

## Early life
David was born in Shillong, Meghalaya, India, Her mother is Khasi and half Chinese, whereas her father is an Indian-Jewish. She was raised in Canada and then at age 17, David moved to London, United Kingdom to study at the Guildford School of Acting.

## Other websites
*
Diana Hyland

**Diana Hyland** (January 25, 1936 – March 27, 1977) was an American television, stage and movie actress. She played Joan Bradford in the television series *Eight is Enough*. She also played Adrianna Prescott in *Happy Days*.

Hyland began acting in 1955 at age 19. She appeared in television series, including *Eleventh Hour*, *The Invaders* and *The Twilight Zone*. In *Peyton Place*, she played Susan Winter.

Hyland was born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. She died of breast cancer in Los Angeles, California at age 41.

## Other websites 
*
While You Were Sleeping (movie)

***While You Were Sleeping*** is a 1995 American romantic comedy movie directed by Jon Turteltaub. 

It stars Sandra Bullock as Lucy, a Chicago Transit Authority worker and Bill Pullman as Jack, the brother of a man whose life she saves, along with Peter Gallagher as Peter, the man who is saved, Peter Boyle and Glynis Johns as members of Peter's family, and Jack Warden as longtime family friend and neighbor.

The movie was released on April 21, 1995 to positive reviews.

## References
Holly Dunn

**Holly Dunn** (August 22, 1957 – November 14, 2016) was an American country music singer-songwriter. She recorded for MTM Records from 1985 to 1988. She recorded for Warner Bros. Records from 1988 to 1993. She recorded for the River North Records from 1995 to 1997. She released 10 studio albums and 19 singles.

Two of Dunn's releases "Are You Ever Gonna Love Me" and "You Really Had Me Going" hit #1 on the United States *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart. She is also known for "Maybe I Mean Yes" and "Daddy's Hands."

Dunn was born in San Antonio, Texas. She died from ovarian cancer in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

## References
Zöe Lucker

**Zöe Elizabeth Lucker** (born 11 April 1974) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Tanya Turner in the ITV drama series ''Footballers' Wives* (2002–2006), Vanessa Gold in the BBC soap opera *EastEnders* (2010–2011), Carol Barry in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2013–2014), and Reenie McQueen in the Channel 4 soap opera *Hollyoaks'' (2015–2016).

## References
## Other websites
*
White House National Climate Advisor

The **White House national climate advisor** is a proposed government job within the White House Office. It was created when President Joe Biden was inaugurated on January 20, 2021. 

The advisor works as the president's chief advisor on domestic climate change policy, and leads the White House Office of Domestic Climate Policy. 

## History
On December 14, 2020, it was announced that Gina McCarthy, the former administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency under President Barack Obama, would be the first national climate advisor. The New York deputy secretary of energy and environment, Ali Zaidi, was the first deputy national climate advisor. On 2 September 2022, Biden announced that Ali Zaidi will be promoted to Assistant to the President and National Climate Advisor.

## Climate advisors 
## References
Victoria Bush

**Victoria Bush** (born 15 January 1978) is an English actress and comedian. She is best known for portraying the roles of Tina O'Kane in the ITV prison-based drama series *Bad Girls* (2001–2006), and Sonya Donnegan in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2012–2015). She has also made appearances in various British television series, including *Casualty*, *Coronation Street*, *Doctors* and *Lee and Dean*.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
## References
## Other websites
*
The Keys of the Kingdom (movie)

***The Keys of the Kingdom*** is a 1944 American drama movie directed by John M. Stahl and was based on the 1941 novel of the same name by A. J. Cronin. It stars Gregory Peck, Thomas Mitchell, Vincent Price, Roddy McDowall, Sir Cedric Hardwicke, Ruth Nelson, Edith Barrett, Peggy Ann Garner, Anne Revere and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1945.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
List of deaths related to the 2020 Belarusian protests

This is a list of people who died (were killed or died in unknown circumstances) as a result of the 2020 Belarusian protests, before, during, and after the 2020 presidential elections:
* Alexander Taraikovsky was shot and killed on August 10, 2020 in Minsk. 
* Alexander Vikhor died on August 12, 2020 in Gomel.
* Artsyom Parukou died on August 16, 2020 in Minsk. 
* Konstantin Shishmakov was found dead on August 18, 2020 in Grodno region. 
*  was shot by a serviceman of the 5th Spetsnaz Brigade of the Armed Forces of Belarus, Captain Roman Gavrilov, on August 11, 2020, in Brest.
* Raman Bandarenka died in a hospital in Minsk on November 12, 2020.
*  died in prison on May 21, 2021. He was sentenced to serve five years in prison for taking part in protests.
* Dmitry Stakhovsky did a suicide after an interrogation on May 25, 2021. He was a person in a criminal case on riots. He wrote some words before he died. He named the Investigative Committee as the culprit of his death. He was 18 years old.
The authorities and the main persons of the Ministry of Internal Affairs never said that people died at the hands of police personnel.

## Reaction 
On September 17, 2020, European Parliament spoke on the situation in Belarus. It printed a decision, supported by a very big number of people in the parliament, calling for an "independent and effective investigation" into the deaths of Alexander Taraikovsky, Alexander Vikhor, Artsyom Parukou, Gennady Shutov and Konstantin Shishmakov related to the protests.

On November 26, 2020, European Parliament spoke on the situation in Belarus. It printed a decision, supported by a very big number of people in the parliament, calling for a "prompt, thorough, impartial and independent investigations into Raman Bandarenka’s death and the protest-related deaths of Alexander Taraikovsky, Alexander Vikhor, Artsyom Parukou, Gennady Shutov and Konstantin Shishmakov."

## References
Triangle center

In geometry, a **triangle center** is a point that can be called the middle of a triangle. There are many ways of measuring the center of a triangle, and each has a different name. On an equilateral triangle, every triangle center is the same, but on other triangles, the centers are different. Triangle centers may be inside or outside the triangle. Today, mathematicians have discovered over 40,000 triangle centers. They are listed in the Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers, which is run by Clark Kimberling at the University of Evansville. 

## Properties of a center 
A triangle center is a function of the three vertices (corners) of the triangle. Each triangle center has two properties in common.

1) Homogeneity: If the triangle is transformed while keeping similarity, (such as by translation, reflection, rotation, or dilation) the center will move in the same way as the triangle moves.

2) Bisymmetry: It must not be important to the function which vertex (corner) comes first, second, or third. For example, a center of points A, B, and C must be the same as that center of points A, C, and B.

## Some triangle centers 
* Centroid - the point where the three medians intersect. A median is the line from a vertex to the midpoint (middle) of the opposite edge.
*Circumcenter - the point where the perpendicular bisectors of the three edges intersect. A perpendicular bisector is a line which crosses the middle of the edge (bisects the edge), and is perpendicular to the edge. The circumcenter is also the center of the circle that passes through all three vertices.
*Incenter - the point where the three angle bisectors intersect. An angle bisector is a line which cuts an angle into two equal parts. The incenter is also the center of a circle which touches all three edges.
* Orthocenter - the point where the three altitudes intersect. An altitude is a line which passes through a vertex and is perpendicular to the opposite edge.
*Nine-point center - the center of a circle, called the nine-point circle, which passes through nine points. Three of the points are the midpoints of the edges. Three of the points are the feet of  the altitudes (the place where each altitude meets an edge). Three of the points are in the middle between the orthocenter and each vertex.
*Fermat point - the point such that the sum of the distances to the vertices is as small as it can be.
If a triangle is not equilateral, then the centroid, orthocenter, circumcenter, and nine-point center form a line called the Euler line, named after Leonhard Euler.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Triangle Centers - Math is Fun
* Euler Line - Brilliant Math and Science Wiki
Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska

**Zofia Emilia Kielan-Jaworowska** (25 April 1925 – 13 March 2015) was a Polish paleontologist. 

In the mid-1960s, she led eight Polish-Mongolian paleontological expeditions to the Gobi Desert. 

She was the first woman to serve on the executive committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences.

Her most important work was on the mammals of the Mesozoic era.

She was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1990.

## Books 
*Kielan-Jaworowska Z. 1969, 1974. *Hunting for dinosaurs*. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-61007-0
* 
* 
*

## References
Treehouse of Horror IV

"**Treehouse of Horror IV**" is the 5th episode of ***The Simpsons*** fifth season. It is the 4th episode of the *Treehouse of Horror* series. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on October 28, 1993. The episode has three parts: "The Devil and Homer Simpson", "Terror at  Feet", and "Bart Simpson's Dracula". 

The episode was written by Conan O'Brien, Bill Oakley, Josh Weinstein, Greg Daniels, Dan McGrath, and Bill Canterbury. David Silverman is the  of the episode. The episode has  of television shows (*The Twilight Zone*, *Night Gallery*, and *Peanuts*) and movies (*The Devil and Daniel Webster*, ''Bram Stoker's Dracula* and *The Lost Boys''). It got a a Nielsen rating of 14.5. This means that about 13.6 million people watched the episode on October 28, 1993. When it was first broadcast, it was the most watched show on the Fox network.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
Kuatun frog

The **Kuatun frog**, '''Latouche's frog**, **brown wood frog**, or **broad-folded frog'* (*"Hylarana" latouchii'') is a frog from China and Taiwan.

## References