open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ross Lynch

**Ross Shor Lynch** (born on December 29, 1995) is an actor, singer, instrumentalist and dancer U.S. of Littleton, Colorado. He is most recognised for playing Austin Moon in the musical comedy of Disney Channel, *Austin & Ally*. He is the key vocalist in his family band, R5 , which includes his two older brothers Rocky, Riker and only sister Rydel. His brother, Riker Lynch, has a minor recurring character in the hit series *Glee*.

## Personal life 
Ross Lynch was born and raised in Littleton, Colorado and is the fourth son of Mark and Stormie Lynch. He, with his brothers and sister, are members of the hit band R5. He was educated at home from the fourth grade and only attended a music/singing class in which they found their fifth and final member of the band, Ellington Ratliff. After his oldest brother  had taken a liking to the bass guitar, He decided to also practice and thus the band had formed. He grew up imitating the songs of the movie *Grease* and former band 'N Sync with his brothers. The Teen heart-throb is one of five children, with three brothers and a sister (Riker, Ryland, Rocky, Rydel). In 2007, he moved with his family to California to pursue his career, which is where he gained his Disney career and later met his girlfriend, Courtney Eaton, an Australian model and actress.

## Career 
Ross Lynch has appeared in over 20 national commercials and several national campaigns and print advertising. R5 has also been featured in a series of music videos such as* Hannah Montana* on Disney Channel ,*Kidz Bop* and* Kung Fu Panda*. Ross can play piano, drums, guitar and the violin. In his Disney days he danced for The Rage Boyz Crew
, a group founded by a dance company in the Southern California. He has appeared in* So You Think You Can Dance* and has had guest appearances on the series *Moises Rules!*, And can even be see in the movie* Grapple! * Anton Troy.

Ross Lynch starred in the Disney Channel Original Series, *Austin & Ally*, in which he played a confident and charismatic singer Austin Moon, half of a musical duo that became a teen sensation (and heart-throb) on the Internet.

Ross plays rhythm guitar in his family band R5 and has written Many original songs with his brothers, sister and family friend. The Driver Era 

## Filmograph 
## Tour 
## Tour 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* Ross Lynch at TV Guide
Chōgen

was a  after *Manju* and before *Chōryaku.*  This period started in 1028 and ended in April 1037.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the *Chōgen* era
* **15 May 1036** (*Chōgen 9, 17th day of the 4th month*): In the 9th year of Go-Ichijō's reign, the emperor died; and the succession (*senso*) was received by a his son.

* **1036** (*Chōgen 9, 7th month*): Emperor Go-Suzaku's role as monarch was  in ceremonies (*sokui*).

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile

In France, the corps of '''Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile'* (TSEEAC, Civil aviation opérations Technicians) of the French civil aviation authorities is a B-class job on the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing.

Also called *TSA fonctionnaires'' (TSA civil servants), perform a two-year training at the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university).

TSEEAC can do many jobs at the French civil aviation authorities (DGAC) : technical assistant, aerodrome air traffic controller, ramp manager (at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport), aeronautical information operator, officer of the regional offices of information and assistance in flight, investigation assistant, ...

## History 
The corps of TSEEAC has several name changes since the 1960s :
* 1962 : TNA : *Technicien de la Navigation Aérienne* (Air navigation Technician) including the operations air traffic controller and the Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel.
* 1964 : scission of the corps: the corps of the TNA remains, despite the departure of air traffic controllers and electricians, respectively to the new corps of "*Officiers Contrôleurs de la Circulation Aérienne*" (OCCA) - became air traffic controller after that - dans those of electricians - became Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel.
* 1975 : TNA becomes TAC, ''Techniciens de l'Aviation Civile* (Civil aviation technicians).
* 1993 : TEEAC : *Technicien des Etudes et d'Exploitation de l'Aviation Civile*.
* 2000 : TSEEAC : *Technicien Supérieur des Etudes et d'Exploitation de l'Aviation Civile*.
* 2011 : The initial training at ENAC of TSEEAC is opened to non civil servant and renamed  TSA (*Technicien supérieur de l'aviation'').

## Related pages 
* Technicien supérieur de l'aviation (TSA)
* Technicien supérieur de l'aviation (civilian) (TSA civil)

## References 
## Further reading 
* Ariane Gilotte, Jean-Philippe Husson et Cyril Lazerge, ''50 ans d'Énac au service de l'aviation*, Édition S.E.E.P.P, 1999
* Décret n°93-622 du 27 mars 1993 concerning the corps of *techniciens supérieurs des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile''
* TSEEAC on ENAC website
Flo Rida

**Tramar Lacel Dillard** (born September 16, 1979)  better known by his stage name **Flo Rida** is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is known for his pop rap style that later incorporated EDM. He has collaborated with Taio Cruz, David Guetta, Sia, T-Pain, Alexandra Burke and Olly Murs. Flo Rida has sold over 80 million records worldwide. This makes him one of the best-selling music artists.  

Flo Rida emerged from the Southern hip-hop underground. His original stage name was R.I.D.A. He released his debut studio album, *LP* (2004), independently. His major label debut was breakout single "Low" (2007). It was number 1 for ten weeks in the United States. The song broke the record for digital download sales. His second album "Mail on Sunday" came out in 2008. He has released three more studio albums since. Some of his international hit singles are "Right Round", "Club Can't Handle Me", "Good Feeling", "Wild Ones", "Whistle", "I Cry", "G.D.F.R.", and "My House".

Flo Rida is a Democrat. He attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Barack Obama's re-election. In 2021, he represented San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 alongside Senhit.

## Artistry 
Flo Rida has been described as a pop rapper. His music encompasses crunk, dance-pop, EDM

## Discography
**Studio albums**
* *LP* (2004)
* *Mail on Sunday* (2008)
* *R.O.O.T.S.* (2009)
* *Only One Flo (Part 1)* (2010)
* *Wild Ones* (2012)

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
Bram Cohen

**Bram Cohen** (born October 12, 1975) is an American computer programmer. He made the first torrent client, called BitTorrent.

## References
Chōryaku

was a  after *Chōgen* and before *Chōkyū.*  This period spanned the years from April 1037 through 1040.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Chōryaku* era
* **1037** (*Chōryaku 1, 2nd day of the 7th month*): The eldest son of Emperor Go-Suzaku (Prince Chikihito, who was would become Emperor Go-Reizei) has his coming of age ceremony.
* **1037** (*Chōryaku 1, 17th day of the 8th month*): Go-Suzaku formally names Chikihito as his heir and Crown Prince.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Amy Heckerling

**Amy Heckerling** (born May 7, 1954) is an American movie director. Her movies include: *Fast Times at Ridgemont High*, *Johnny Dangerously*, ''National Lampoon's European Vacation*, *Look Who's Talking*, *Look Who's Talking Too*, *Look Who's Talking Now*, *Clueless*, *A Night at the Roxbury* and *Loser''. 

Heckerling was born in The Bronx and spent her childhood there, before moving to Queens. 

## Other websites 
*
Mercenary (band)

**Mercenary** is a heavy metal band from Aalborg, Denmark. 

## Band members
### Current
*Martin Buus - Lead guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (since 2002)
*Jakob Mølbjerg - rhythm guitar (since 1995)
*René Pedersen - Bass guitar, vocals (since 2006)
*Peter Mathiesen - drums (since 2011)

### Former
* Nikolaj Brinkman (lead guitar 1993-2000)
* Signar Petersen (lead guitar 2000-2002) 
* Hans Jørgen Andersen (rhythm guitar 1991-1993)
* Henrik "Kral" Andersen (bass 1993-2006, also harsh vocals 1991-2006, lead guitar 1991-1993) 
* Andreas W. Hansen (bass 1991-1993)
* Jakob Johnsen (drums 1991-1993)
* Rasmus Jacobsen (drums 1992-2002)
* Mike Park Nielsen (drums 2002-2009)
* Morten Sandager (keyboards 2002-2009)
* Mikkel Sandager (vocals 2002-2009)
* Morten Løwe (drums 2009-2011)

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *First Breath* (1998)
* *Everblack* (2002)
* *11 Dreams* (2004)
* *The Hours that Remain* (2006)
* *Architect of Lies* (2008)
* *Metamorphosis* (2011)
* *Through Our Darkest Days* (2013)
* *Soundtrack For The End Times* (2023)

### EPs
* *Supremacy* (1996)

### Compilations
* *Mercenary* (2006)

### Demos
* *Domicile* (1993)
* *Gummizild* (1994)

## Videography
* Firesoul (from 11 Dreams)
* My World is Ending (from The Hours that Remain)
* Isolation (from Architect of Lies)
* The Endless Fall (from Architect of Lies)

## Other websites 
*Official Mercenary website
*Mercenary Myspace
Autumn (band)

**Autumn** is a Dutch gothic metal band formed in 1995.

## Members
### Current members
### Former members
## Discography
### Studio albums
### Other releases
## References
## Other websites
*
Jennifer Stone

**Jennifer Lindsay Stone** (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress. She is known for playing Harper Finkle on the television series *Wizards of Waverly Place* and Harriet Welsh in the movie *Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars*.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Accept (band)

**Accept** is a heavy metal band from Solingen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was formed in 1968 by Udo Dirkschneider. The band played an important role in the development of speed metal.

## Band members
### Current members
* Wolf Hoffmann – guitars, backing vocals 
* Mark Tornillo – lead vocals 
* Uwe Lulis – guitars 
* Christopher Williams – drums 
* Philip Shouse – guitars 
* Martin Motnik – bass, backing vocals 
### Former members
* Peter Baltes – bass, backing vocals * Udo Dirkschneider – lead vocals 
* Frank Friedrich – drums 
* Dieter Rubach - bass 
* Gerhard Wahl – guitars 
* Jörg Fischer – guitars 
* Stefan Kaufmann – drums 
* Herman Frank – guitars 
* David Reece – lead vocals 
* Stefan Schwarzmann – drums 
* Michael Cartellone  – drums 

### Live members
* Ken Mary – drums 
* Jim Stacey – guitars 
* Rob Armitage – lead vocals 
* Michael White – lead vocals 

## Studio albums
**Accept* (1979)
*''I'm a Rebel* (1980)
**Breaker* (1981)
**Restless and Wild* (1982)
**Balls to the Wall* (1983)
**Metal Heart* (1985)
**Russian Roulette* (1986)
**Eat the Heat* (1989)
**Objection Overruled* (1993)
**Death Row* (1994)
**Predator* (1996)
**Blood of the Nations* (2010)
**Stalingrad* (2012)
* *Blind Rage* (2014)
* *The Rise of Chaos* (2017)
* *Too Mean to Die* (2021)
* *Humanoid'' (2024)

## References 
## Other websites
*Accept's official website acceptworldwide.com
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (movie)

***Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire*** is a 2005 fantasy movie directed by Mike Newell. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2000 novel of the same name. It is the sequel to *Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban* (2004) and the fourth movie in the *Harry Potter* movie series. 

It stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger.

The movie is the first of the series to receive a PG-13. It was the highest-grossing movie of 2005 and the sixth-highest-grossing movie in the *Harry Potter* series.

The movie was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design.

## Plot 
Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, Hermione Granger and the rest of Ron's family attend a Quidditch game. The game is attacked by a group of terrorist wizards named Death Eaters. The Death Eaters were the followers of Lord Voldemort before he died.

At Hogwarts school, Professor Dumbledore announces that the school will host the Triwizard Tournament, a game where three magical schools compete in several challenges. The contestant from each school is chosen by the Goblet of Fire. From the Bulgarian magic school, Viktor Krum is chosen. From the French magic school, Fleur Delacour is selected. However, everyone is shocked when the Goblet of Fire selects two contestants for Hogwarts: Cedric Diggory and Harry.

For the first task, the contestants must each retrieve a golden egg from a dragon. For the second task, the contestants must each rescue somebody from the Black Lake, where they are attacked by evil mermaids. In both tasks, Harry is given help by a new teacher named Professor Moody. After the task, Harry finds the dead body of Barty Crouch, an official of the Ministry of Magic (magical government). Harry and Dumbledore look into the past and find out that Barty Crouch's son (Barty Crouch Junior) is a Death Eater.

For the third task, the contestants must find the trophy, which has been hidden by Professor Moody inside a maze. Both Harry and Cedric find the trophy, but it teleports them to a graveyard. In the graveyard, Voldemort is revived by his loyal servant, Peter Pettigrew. Voldemort also kills Cedric Diggory. Voldemort tries to kill Harry but the ghosts of people that Voldemort has killed arrive to distract him so that Harry can teleport back to Hogwarts.

"Professor Moody" drags Harry into his office. It is revealed that the real Professor Moody has been locked up and is being impersonated by Barty Crouch Junior. Dumbledore announces the death of Cedric and the return of Voldemort but the Ministry of Magic denies that Voldemort has returned.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Adder

The **adder**, *Vipera berus* is a venomous viper that can be found throughout most of Western Europe and all the way to East Asia. It is the only venomous snake in the British Isles.

They are not highly dangerous: the snake is not aggressive and usually only bites when alarmed or disturbed. Bites can be very painful, but they are rarely fatal. The snake is not threatened, though it is protected in some countries.

## Description 
Adults grow to about 60 centimeters (24&nbsp;in) in length. The largest, at around 90–104 (35–41&nbsp;in), are found in Scandinavia. In France and Great Britain, the maximum size is 80–87 centimeters (31–34&nbsp;in), weighing from 50 grams (1.8&nbsp;oz) to about 180 grams (6.3&nbsp;oz).

Unusually for snakes, the sexes can be seen by their colour. Females are usually brownish with dark-brown markings, the males are pure grey with black markings.

The species has two morphs. The common pattern is the one with dark stripe with crossbars along the back, on a lighter body. The melanistic morph is very dark all over. The dark morph is more common in females. Polymorphism is usually maintained by natural selection.

The adder has a wide range. It lives in across Eurasian.In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake.

The adder's diet is mainly small mammals such as mice, voles, shrews and even weasels and moles. Sometimes, they eat slow worms and lizards. They feed on amphibia, such as frogs, newts, and salamanders. There have been reports of adders eating birds, especially nestlings and eggs. Adders are ovoviviparous. Once they reach about 30&nbsp;cm (1&nbsp;ft) in length, their diet becomes adult.

They are protected by law in the U.K., (Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981), and by the Berne Convention (the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats). It is a crime to harm them.

## References
Tapaculo

The **tapaculos** (pronounced *ta-pa-COO-lo*) are a group of small passeriform birds. They have many species, and are found mostly in South America, especially in the Andean regions. Three species, the Choco, the Pale-throated and the Silvery-fronted Tapaculo, are found in southern Central America. Tapaculos nest in many places, from ground burrows to tree holes. Some make a ball nest in a bush.

## References
Hemopneumothorax

**Hemopneumothorax** is a medical problem where the lung is damaged and the chest fills up with air and blood. It is treated by opening the chest and putting in a chest drain. This can only be done by paramedics or doctors. A hemopneumothorax often happens after high speed crashes and penetrating chest wounds.

## Related pages 
* Emphysema
* Bullae
* Tension pneumothorax

## References
Ovenbird

The **Ovenbird** (*Seiurus aurocapilla*) is a small songbird of the order Passeriformes. Its family is Parulidae. The ovenbird was named after its domed nest with a side entrance, which looks like an oven. This migratory bird is found in eastern North America and winters in Central America, many Caribbean Islands, Florida, and northern Venezuela. The ovenbird walks, unlike most other members of its family, which .

## References
State Duma

The **State Duma** () is the Lower House of the Parliament. It is a part of the legislative branch of the government of Russia. The State Duma was first introduced in 1906. It was Russia's first elected parliament. In 1922, it was replaced with the Soviet Parliament. It was re-established in 1993. 

It makes laws, elects the prime minister and supervises the work of the government. It also has the power to remove the President from office. It can also call new elections. The Duma has de jure authority to make and change any laws without being overturned.

It can pass any law by a simple majority. There are 450 members in the Duma.
Gnateater

The **gnateaters** are a bird family, **Conopophagidae**. They are made of ten small passerine species in two genera. They live in South and Central America. They are very closely related to the antbirds and less closely to the antpittas and tapaculos. Gnateaters are not studied or known as much because of their  habitat. However, they are often watched by birdwatchers. Gnateaters feed on insects. They catch them in the understory of South American forests.

## References
Advanced Technician in Aviation non civil servant

In France, the training of the '''Technicien supérieur de l'aviation (civilian)** (**TSA civilian**, in English **Advanced Technician in Aviation non civil servant'*) is performed by the *École nationale de l'aviation civile* (French civil aviation university). The TSA civilians can have different jobs in airports, airlines or manufacturers.

## History 
* 2011 : The TSA civilian training is created in addition to the one of *Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile'' available since 1962.

## Related pages 
* Technicien supérieur de l'aviation
* Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile

## References 
## Further reading 
* Ariane Gilotte, Jean-Philippe Husson and Cyril Lazerge, ''50 ans d'Énac au service de l'aviation'', Édition S.E.E.P.P, 1999
* TSA on ENAC website
Wang Ja-ji

**Wang Ja-ji** (, 1066 – May 1122)  was a Korean politician, general, musician, and ambassador during the Goryeo dynasty. His posthumous name is Jangsun (), Chinese style name was Wonjang (), first name was Sojung ().

## Related pages 
* Yun Gwan
* Oh Yeonchong
* Kang Gamchan
* Seo Hee

## References 
* Wang Jha-ji:Naver 
* Wang Jha-ji:Koran historical person informations  
* Wang Jha-ji:Nate 
* Wang Jha-ji:britannica
Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park

The **Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park** is part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. It is a large park with lakes, temperate rainforests and alpine heathland. Cradle Mountain is a jagged dolerite mountain peak. There are sites around the park where the Australian Aborigines lived 10,000 years ago during the last ice age. Tasmania's tallest mountain, Mt. Ossa,  above sea level, is in the park.

An area of  was protected in May 1922 as a scenic reserve, becoming a National Park in 1972.

## Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the **Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area** are:
* Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park
* Hartz Mountains National Park
* Mole Creek Karst National Park
* Southwest National Park
* Walls of Jerusalem National Park
* Central Plateau Conservation Area
* Devils Gullet State Reserve
* South East Mutton Bird Islet
* South East Mutton Bird Islet
## Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the **Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area** are:
* Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park
* Hartz Mountains National Park
* Mole Creek Karst National Park
* Southwest National Park
* Walls of Jerusalem National Park
* Central Plateau Conservation Area
* Devils Gullet State Reserve
* South East Mutton Bird Islet

## References
Whatcheeria

***Whatcheeria*** is an extinct genus of early tetrapod from the early Mississippian of Iowa. Fossils have been found in an old limestone quarry in the town of Delta. They date to 340 million year ago (mya). The type species *W. deltae* was named in 1995. It is classified with the closely related *Pederpes* in the family Whatcheeriidae.

*Whatcheeria* grew to about  long. The skull is deep (this is an advanced trait) and the snout is pointed.  A hole on the top of the skull behind the eyes called the parietal foramen is relatively large in *Whatcheeria*. The bones on the skull surface are unusually smooth, unlike the pitted skulls of many other early tetrapods.

### Classification 
With modern cladistic taxonomy, Whatcheeriidae is not placed in Amphibia or any other class but simply as its own family within Tetrapoda. Its relationships with other tetrapods are left unclear.

## References
TSA

**TSA** may mean:

* Transportation Security Administration, in the United States Department of Homeland Security
* Technicien supérieur de l'aviation, a French degree in aviation
TAE

**TAE** may refer to:

* Technicien aéronautique d'exploitation, a French aviation job title
* TAE connector (*Telekommunikations-Anschluss-Einheit*), German standard for telephone plugs

## Other
* the initials of Thomas Alva Edison
IAS

**IAS** may stand for:

## Accounting, Auditing 
*International Accounting Standards
*Internal Audit Service (European Commission)

## Administration 
*Indian Administrative Service (Civil Service)

## Religion 
*International Association of Scientologists

## Science 
*Institute for Advanced Study
**IAS computer, built at the Institute for Advanced Study
*Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
*Indian Academy of Sciences
*Islamic World Academy of Sciences, an organization promoting science and technology in the Muslim World
*Iranian Arachnological Society, an academic society for Iranian and International arachnologists

### Health 
*International AIDS Society, the world's leading independent association of HIV/AIDS professionals

### Politics 
*Institute for Anarchist Studies

## Technology 
### Aeronautics 
*Indicated airspeed
*Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences
*Institut aéronautique et spatial

### Computing 
*Internet Authentication Service
*Internet Application Server, a component of Oracle Application Server from Oracle Corporation
*IAS, a version of Digital Equipment Corporation's RSX-11 operating system

## Transportation 
*Iaşi International Airport in Iaşi, Romania, designated by IATA the airport code IAS
*IAS Cargo Airlines, a British airline

## Other 
*Independent Australian Scouts
*Instituto Ayrton Senna
CNCP

**CNCP** may refer to:

* CNCP Telecommunications, Canadian telecom company; 
* Commission nationale de la certification professionnelle, French National Commission for Vocational Certification.
Monarchy of Barbados

Barbados was a Commonwealth realm.  Queen Elizabeth II was the reigning monarch since 6 February 1952. She was Barbado's head of state but was substituted by the office of the President when Barbados became a republic.

Many of the jobs of the government were done by the Governor-General. It was abolished on 30 November 2021.

## References
List of governors-general of Barbados

The **Governor-General of Barbados** was a vice-regal representative of the Queen of Barbados.  The Governor-General acted as the nation's Head of State.  This is because the Queen cannot live in all her realms at once. The office was abolished along with the monarch on 30 November 2021 and replaced with the presidency.

## List of Governors-General of Barbados
On 30 November 1966, Barbados became independent from Britain.

## References
Elliott Belgrave

**Sir Elliot Belgrave**, CHB, KC (born March 16, 1931), is a Barbadian politician and retired High Court Judge. He was the Acting Governor-General of Barbados from 1 November 2011 to June 30, 2017. Belgrave graduated from the universities of Cambridge (MA) and London (LLB). He is a former Director of Public Prosecutions in Barbados.  He was Judge of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal of Barbados.  He is a King's Counsel.  Belgrave was awarded the Companion of Honour of Barbados for his contribution to the legal system in Barbados.

## References
Barbadian

**Barbadian**, often shortened to **Bajan**, may be anything of or relating to Barbados and may also refer directly to:

* Barbadian football
* Barbadian cuisine
* Barbadian people, people of Barbadian descent. For information about the Barbadian people, see Demographics of Barbados and Culture of Barbados. For specific persons, see List of Barbadians.
* Barbadian English language
* A Barbadian's Head and A Martiniquian's Head Flag, a flag by a pirate Bartholomew Roberts, who vowed revenge towards Barbados and Martinique.

## Related pages
* List of all pages beginning with "Barbadian"
IPSA

**IPSA** may mean:
* I. P. Sharp Associates, Canadian company, creator of the IPSANET computer network
* Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority, a public body in the United Kingdom
* Indice de Precio Selectivo de Acciones, Chilean Stock Index
* International Political Science Association, UNESCO scholarly association
* Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées, French private *grande école* in aeronautical and space engineering
* Intimate partner sexual assault, a variant term for spousal rape
Barbadian people

**Barbadians** or **Bajans** are people from the Caribbean island of Barbados.  They can live on Barbados or live in another country.

## Diaspora
Many Bajans now live overseas and outside of Barbados.  Most have moved to English language countries.  There are some 60,000 Bajans in the United Kingdom, around 54,509 Bajans in the United States and 20,000 in Canada.

## Related pages
See: List of famous Bajan people

## References
Badge (disambiguation)

A **badge** is a device or patch which is displayed to indicate a special accomplishment or as a symbol of authority.

**Badge** may refer to:
* Access badge, credential used to gain entry to an area
* Heraldic badge, a badge to display allegiance to a particular royal figure
* Web badge, a small image used on websites to promote web-standards and other things
* Synonym for a pin-back button in the United Kingdom
* A distinguishing logo or hood ornament on automobiles or trucks, altered by badge engineering

The acronym **BADGE** refers to:
* Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, a component of epoxy resin
* ''Bilan d'aptitude délivré par les grandes écoles*, French degree created in 2001 by the *Conférence des grandes écoles'' 

## Related pages
* "Badge" (song) by the 1960s rock group Cream
* "Badge" (Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode), 2001 US TV episode
* Stinking badges, a film quote
Bajan Creole

**Bajan** is an English-based creole language. People on the Caribbean island of Barbados speak it. Bajan, like many other English-based Caribbean creole languages, has a West African substrate and an English superstrate. Bajan is similar but different from the creoles of neighbouring Caribbean islands.

Bajan is the Caribbean creole with the closest grammar to Standard English.

In general, the people of Barbados speak standard British English on TV and radio, in courthouses, in government, and in day-to-day business. Bajan is for less formal situations, in music, or in social commentary.

## References
Barbadian dollar

The **dollar** has been the currency of Barbados since 1935. The present dollar has the ISO 4217 code *BBD*.  It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign "$".  Sometimes it is written "Bds$" to be different from other currencies that are called dollar. It is divided into 100 cents.  

## Other websites 
* Banknotes of Barbados
North American Numbering Plan

The **North American Numbering Plan** (**NANP**) is a telephone numbering plan.  It includes 24 countries and territories, including the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and 17 nations of the Caribbean. 

There are three-digit area codes and seven-digit telephone numbers. 

## Related pages
* List of North American Numbering Plan area codes

## References
Area code 246

**Area code 246** is a part of the telephone numbering plan for Barbados.  Phone numbers in Barbados have 7 digits.

## General
:Police Force: 211, Ambulance: 511, Fire: 311
:Information/Directory Assistance: 411
:Operator: 0
Mount Hillaby

The peak of **Mount Hillaby** is the highest point on the Eastern Caribbean island nation of Barbados.  The peak is  in the parish of Saint Andrew. It overlooks the area known as the Scotland District to the north and east.

## References
Saint George, Barbados

The parish of **Saint George** ("St. George") is in the interior of Barbados.  It is one of two land-locked parishes. The other is Saint Thomas to the north.  A landmark in the parish is Gun Hill Signal Station.  It is one of the few remaining signal stations, dating back to 1818.

Saint George borders six of the eleven other parishes.  This is more than any other parish.
Saint James, Barbados

The parish of **Saint James** ("St. James") is in the western part of the country of Barbados. St. James is known as the "Platinum Coast". There are many rich people who visit or live here. The parish is home to the Queen's College.

## References
CFS

**CFS** is an acronym for:

* Call for service
* Canada Flight Supplement
* Canadian Federation of Students
* Canadian Forces Station
* Canadian Forest Service
* Carrier Frequency Shift, a term used by the British Military to refer to RTTY
* Center for Financial Studies, a research institute affiliated with Goethe University Frankfurt
* Central Flying School
* Certificat de formation à la sécurité
* Charlottesville Fashion Square, an enclosed shopping mall in the Charlottesville, Virginia area
* Chemins de Fer Syriens, the Syrian state railway system
* Chicken fried steak
* Child and family services
* Chronic fatigue syndrome
* Citizens for Sunshine, an Ohio nonprofit promoting access to public records
* Cold-formed steel
* Combat Flight Simulator WWII Europe Series (CFS1)
* Compact File Set (File format), an open file format for archiving and compressing files.
* Committee on World Food Security
* Completely Fair Scheduler, a Linux operating system scheduler
* Congo Free State
* Conservative Future Scotland, the youth branch of the Scottish Conservative Party
* Continuous Flow System, printer ink feeding via tubes and bottles
* Co-operative Financial Services Ltd.
* Country Fire Service
* Corpo Forestale dello Stato, the Italian state forestry department
* Craigmillar Festival Society, a disestablished community organisation from Edinburgh, Scotland
* Cubic feet per second (cfs), a unit of flow rate

**CFS** may also refer to:
* Coffs Harbour Airport, IATA airport code
8 Out of 10 Cats

***8 out of 10 Cats*** is a British television comedy panel game. It began on 3 June 2005 and is shown on Channel 4. It is hosted by Jimmy Carr. Each episode has two teams, each has a captain and two celebrity guests. The captain of one team was Sean Lock. The other captain in series 1–4 is Dave Spikey; in series 5–10 it is Jason Manford; from series 11 onwards it is Jon Richardson. The 22nd series ended in January 2021.

## Other websites 
*
Prime Minister of Barbados

The **Prime Minister of Barbados** is the head of government of Barbados. The Prime Minister is picked by the Queen of Barbados. The Governor-General is responsible for holding the parliamentary elections.  He says which one of the electors is Prime Minister.

This is a **list of prime ministers of Barbados**.

## Premiers of Barbados (1953-1966)
## Prime ministers of Barbados (1966-present)
* * Note - Died in office
Polycystic ovary syndrome

**Polycystic ovary syndrome** is one of the most prevalent female endocrine health matters. PCOS is a complex and heterogeneous problem of uncertain cause, although there is major evidence that the PCOS can be classified as a genetic health problem. This condition produces symptoms in between five percent to ten percent of females during reproductive ages. 

Problems include although are not limited to hormones, resulting in acne, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), resistance to insulin (which then results in diabetes mellitus, in particular Type 2 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults). Other problems caused by PCOS are being overweight and (in some women) high cholesterol levels. The symptoms and severity vary greatly among affected women.

Treatments include weight reduction, low-dose oral contraceptive pills, medroxyprogesterone and spironolactone. Clomiphene can be used as the treatment for those women who wish to get pregnant.
Zola (musician)

**Bonginkosi Dlamini**, professionally known  as **Zola**, is a South African musician, actor and presenter. He also presents *Zola 7*, a television program named for him, on SABC 1.

He was born on 24 April 1981 in the Soweto Township of Johannesburg, South Africa. Zola had time in prison as a youth for car theft.

Zola become well known for his role as the notorious gangster Papa Action in *Yizo Yizo 2*. Zola has enjoyed success as a Kwaito superstar.  He is also the owner of the music company Guluva Entertainment.

Zola raps in isiZulu and uses a lot of tsotsi.

## Musical awards
He has received four South African Music Awards:
* Artist of the Year - 2002
* Best Soundtrack - *Yizo Yizo*
* Best Music Video - "Ghetto Scandalous"
* Best Kwaito Album - *Umdlwembe*

At the Metro FM Awards 2001, Zola won on public vote:
* Song of the Year - "Ghetto Scandalous"
* Best Album of the Year - *Umdlwembe*
* Best Kwaito Album - *Umdlwembe*

## Discography
* *Umdlwembe* (2000)
* *Khokhovula* (2002)
* *Bhambatha* (2004)
* *Ibutho* (2005)
* *Tsotsi* (2006 Motion Picture)
* *Impepho* (2009)
* *Unyezi* (2011)

## References
Topsy

**Topsy**  may refer to:

*Topsy, Oklahoma, a town in the United States
*Topsy (elephant), a circus animal, killed by electrocution
*Topsy, a character in the book ''Uncle Tom's Cabin*
*Topsy, a character in the cartoon series *Tom and Jerry''
*Topsy, a season 3 (2012-2013) episode (2013) of Bob's Burgers
* Topsy Napaltjarri, Australian artist
* Topsy Tjulyata, Australian artist
Parliament of Barbados

The **Parliament of Barbados** is the national legislature of Barbados.  The Parliament is bicameral, meaning there are 2 houses. The Senate is the Upper house. The House of Assembly is the Lower house.  Parliament is in the national capital Bridgetown in Saint Michael.

## Senate
The Senate is made up of twenty-one Senators and The Queen.  The Queen is represented by the Governor-General. Senators are appointed.  The term is 5 years.

## House of Assembly
The House has thirty Members of Parliament (MPs).  There is also the Honourable Speaker of the House.  Members of the House are elected. The term is 5 years. The next election is due to be scheduled by January 2013.

## References
Arlette Zola

**Arlette Zola** (born 29 April 1949) is a Swiss singer. She was born **Arlette Jaquet** in the city of Fribourg. Zola was in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1982. Zola was placed third behind Germany and Israel. She made two more tries at reaching the Eurovision finals. In 1984 she took third place in the Swiss final. 1985 also saw her in third spot.

## Discography 
*1965 *Un peu d’amour*, Libéria
*1966 *Elles sont coquines*, Disc AZ
*1967 *Arlette Zola*, Disc AZ
*1967 *Deux garçons pour une fille*, Disc AZ
*1967 ''J n'aime que vous*. Disc AZ
*1968 *Musique en tête*, Disc AZ LP
*1969 *C’est toute la terre*, Disc Concert Hall LP
*1969 *La marchande de bonbon*, Vogue
*1970 *L’été*, Vogue
*1971 *Je suis folle de tant t’aimer*, Vogue
*1972 *Pour que vienne enfin ce grand matin*, Evasion
*1977 *Tu inventais des saisons*, Tourel
*1980 *Offre moi un sourire*, Libéria
*1981 *Frappe dans tes mains*, Libéria
*1981 *Les fiancés du lac de Côme*, LP Libéria
*1982 *Amour on t’aime*, LP Jupiter Records
*1982 *Je n’ai pas changé*, LP Jupiter Records
*1983 *Billy Boogie*, LP Vogue
*1984 *Hasta manana amore mio*, Disc Ibach
*1990 *Mais moi je l’aime*, Libéria
*2003 *Laissez-moi encore chanter*, Azo
*2005 *Amour... Amitié*, Azo
*2007 *Le bonheur ne coûte rien*, Azo
*2009 *Souvenir, mes anées 6o ''

## References
Chōkyū

was a  after *Chōryaku* and before *Kantoku.*  This period started in November 1040 and ended in November 1044. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Chōkyū* era
* **1040** (*Chōkyū 1, 1st day of the 1st month*): a partial eclipse of the sun, predicted for midday, occurred in mid-afternoon, causing complaints about the astronomers' failure to be more accurate.
* **1040** (*Chōkyū 1, 9th month*): The Sacred Mirror was burned in a fire.
* **1041** (*Chōkyū 2*): The Sanjo Palace burned; and it was reconstructed.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Blood sugar

**Blood sugar** is an amount of glucose present in the blood of humans or animals. Sugar in the blood is the primary source for energy for body cells and blood lipids. Low blood sugar means hypoglycemia. High blood sugar means hyperglycemia. People with diabetes mellitus can have high blood sugar.

## Hypoglycemia 
Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar.

## Hyperglycemia 
Hyperglycemia is high blood sugar. Some of the signs of high blood sugar are:

* Thirstiness
* Being extra hungry
* Peeing more often
* Headache
* Blurry eyesight

Some signs of long time high blood sugar can be:

* Being very tired
* Losing weight
* Infections of the skin
* Cuts and sores heal slowly
Another sickness that is caused by high blood sugar is ketoacidosis. This sickness is because of a lack of insulin and a high amount of chemicals called ketones in the blood.

## References
Chris Pine

**Christopher Whitelaw** "**Chris**" **Pine** (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Steve Trevor in *Wonder Woman* (2017) and the sequel *Wonder Woman 1984* (2019) and as James T. Kirk in the 2009 movie *Star Trek*.

Pine has been in a relationship with British actress Annabelle Wallis since 2018.

## Filmography 
## References
## Other websites 
* 
*
Hyperglycemia

**Hyperglycemia** is high blood sugar levels at or beyond 200&nbsp;mg/dl. It can be a serious and life threatening health problem that can be fatal if not properly treated in time. 

In a healthy body, insulin helps glucose (sugar) get from the blood into the body's cells. There, the cells can use the sugar to make energy. However, when there is not enough insulin in the body, or if a person's body does not react to insulin normally (this is called insulin resistance), too much sugar stays in the blood. This can cause serious health problems.

Extremely high blood sugar means diabetes mellitus, a condition that often causes very high blood sugar. Hyperglycemia that comes and goes may mean diabetes of any kind, or may be developing under low insulin levels or resistance to insulin.

## Symptoms 
### Early Signs 
Three of the early signs of hyperglycemia are "the 3 polys": polydipsia (feeling very thirsty), polyphagia (feeling very hungry), and polyuria (urinating a lot). These things happen because:
* The body senses that its cells are not getting enough sugar. The body triggers hunger, because eating is usually how people get sugar. This causes polyphagia.
* The body senses that there is too much sugar in the blood, and tries to urinate out the extra sugar. This causes polyuria.
* Because the person is urinating so much, they get dehydrated easily and get very thirsty (polydipsia).
Other early signs of high blood sugar include blurred vision, headache, and feeling tired.

### Late Signs 
If hyperglycemia gets worse or is not treated, it can cause toxic acids called ketones to build up in the blood and urine. This is called diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a medical emergency.

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis can include:
* Confusion, seizures, or coma
* Difficulty breathing with fruity-smelling breath ("ketone breath" - caused by the body trying to blow off the toxic ketones through breathing out)
* Weakness
* Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
## References
David Warner (actor)

**David Hattersley Warner** (29 July 1941 &ndash; 24 July 2022) was an English actor.  He was known for playing both romantic leads and sinister or villainous characters.  He was in a range of various media, including film, animation, television, and video games.

Warner died on 24 July 2022 in Northwood, London from problems caused by lung cancer, five days before his 81st birthday.

## Movies
## References
South East Mutton Bird Islet

**South East Mutton Bird Islet** is a steep islet, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of the Mutton Bird Island Group, at the southern end of the south-western coast of Tasmania. It is part of the Southwest National Park, and part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.  It is very small, with an area of , and the highest point is  above sea level.

The island is part of the Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds.

## Fauna
Seabird species that breed on the island are the Short-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris) (250 pairs), Fairy Prion (1000 pairs), Black-faced Cormorant and Silver Gull. The Short-tailed Shearwater is also called the Mutton Bird in Australia, giving the islet it's name.

## Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the **Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area** are:
* Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park
* Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park
* Southwest National Park
* Walls of Jerusalem National Park

## References
Christine Lagarde

**Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde** (née Lallouette) (born 1 January 1956) is a French lawyer and politician. She has been the President of the European Central Bank since 2019. She was the Managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

In her youth, she was part of the national team of synchronized swimming. When she was 15 years old, she won a bronze medal, at the French national championships.

## References
Going Solo

***Going Solo*** is a non-fiction book by Roald Dahl. It is the second part of his autobiography, and was published in 1986. *Going Solo* is the story of Dahl's first job, in Africa, and about how he became a RAF pilot in World War II.
Louis Pailhas

**Louis Pailhas** (2 March 1926 &ndash; 6 February 2021), was a French politician and aerospace engineer.
From December 1967 to 1982, he was head of the French Civil Aviation University.

He graduated from the École Polytechnique (X 46) and ''École nationale de l'aviation civile* (IAC 49). he did different jobs in civil aviation before joining the French Civil Aviation University in December 1967, the first to hold that position in Toulouse. He resigned in January 1982.

After that, in 1998, he was assistant of the Mayor of Toulouse, and then deputy Mayor for science, aeronautics and space activities in 2001.

Louis Pailhas was a member of the *Académie de l'air et de l'espace''.

## Awards
* Legion of Honour
* Medal of Aeronautics

## References
## Further reading
* Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, *Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique*, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()
New Scientist

***New Scientist*** is a weekly scientific journal. It covers recent developments in science and technology for a general audience. The magazine was founded in 1956 and it is published by Reed Business Information Ltd. *New Scientist* is edited by Sumit Paul-Choudhury.
Autodidact

Leonardo da Vinci is one of history's best known autodidacts.]]

An **autodidact** is a person who learns to do something by himself or herself. Often they learn things by reading about it, or by copying someone else.

Many great people taught themselves when there was no formal teaching in the topics which interested them. Examples are Leonardo da Vinci, Michael Faraday, and Charles Darwin. Much of the industrial revolution was done by men in a field of work where there was no previous experience. James Watt was a surveyor and instrument maker and is described as being "largely self-educated". Watt, like some other autodidacts of his  time, became a Fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the Lunar Society.

Autodidactism is only one way to learn, and may be done together with formal education. Many autodidacts seek instruction and guidance from experts, friends, teachers, tutors, parents, siblings, and the community. 

## Related pages 
* Critical thinking
* Cryptanalysis
* Do it yourself
* Distance education
* Extracurricular activity
* Individualism
* Intelligence
* Learning
* Pedagogy
* Polymath
* Reading (process)
* Scholar
* Unschooling

## References
Jennette McCurdy

**Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy** (born June 26, 1992) is an American writer, director, podcaster, singer, and former actress. She played Sam Puckett on the Nickelodeon TV series *iCarly* She reprised the character in the iCarly spin-off series *Sam & Cat* She also appeared in other TV series including *True Jackson, VP*, *Malcolm in the Middle* and *Lincoln Heights*. McCurdy grew up in Garden Grove, California.

## Early life 
McCurdy was born on June 26, 1992. She was born in Los Angeles, California, and grew up in Garden Grove with her parents and three older brothers.

## Beginning career 
McCurdy began acting at 8 years old. She made guest appearances on *Zoey 101.* From 2007 to 2012, she played Sam Puckett in the TV series *iCarly and the* 2013 spin-off series *Sam & Cat.* 
She also made guest appearances on Malcom in The Middle.

## Movies 
## TV series 
* *MADtv* - Cassidy Gifford (2000; 1 episode)
* *Malcolm in the Middle* - Daisy / Penelope (2003, 2005; 2 episodes)
* *Law & Order: Special Victims Unit* - Holly Purcell (2005; 1 episode)
* *Zoey 101* - Trisha Kirby (2005; 1 episode) 
* *Will & Grace* - Lisa (2006; 1 episode)
* *iCarly* - Sam Puckett (2007-2012; 96 episodes, lead role)
* *True Jackson, VP* - Pinky Turzo (2009-2010; 2 episodes) 
* *The Penguins of Madagascar* - Becky (2010-2013; voice)
* *The Cleveland Show* - Girl #1 (2010; voice, 1 episode) 
* *Big Time Rush* - Training Fan (2010; 1 episode)
* *Victorious* - Ponnie / Linda / Fawn (2012; 1 episode)
* *Sam & Cat* - Sam Puckett (2013-2014; lead role) 

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* Jennette McCurdy on Facebook
* Jennette McCurdy on Twitter
*