open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Georg Philipp Telemann

**Georg Philipp Telemann** (March 24, 1681  June 25, 1767) was a German baroque composer. He wrote more than 3,000 pieces of music, many of which were published. As publishing cost much money at that time, this was quite unusual. He mostly taught himself musically and knew how to play instruments. During his life people thought he was one of the greatest composers. He also wrote lots of church music, most of which is not common today.

## Life 
### Early life 
Telemann was born in Magdeburg. His father died when he was four years old. He studied music with an organist for two weeks. He wrote his first opera at the age of 12. However, his mother did not want him to become a musician. So, she took away his instruments. She did not let Telemann write music. Telemann continued to play and write music secretly. His mother sent him to a school in Zellerfeld. She hoped that Telemann would lose his interests in music. Even so, Telemann continued to write and study music. He learned how to play the figured bass himself. He wrote music for school events. He also wrote church music. After studying in Zellerfeld for four years, he went to study in Hildesheim.

Telemann founded a collegium musicum in Leipzig. The collegium was a group of students who loved music. On Sundays they performed Telemann's church music. They also performed in coffee houses and for noblemen. Many musicians were fired by the count. Even so, Telemann was not fired. He left Sorau when Sweden attacked the town in 1706.

Telemann wrote instrumental music in Eisenach. He wrote concertos, overtures, and chamber music. He performed two cantatas for his audition on August 9.

Telemann stopped publishing music in 1740. He sold all of the copper plates which he used to print music. His music mixes different styles. He wrote in the French and Italian styles. He also used Polish folk music's style. He heard Polish folk music when he worked in Sorau.

Telemann published his own music. At that time, publishing music cost a lot of money. Composers did not get a lot of money by publishing music. Even so, Telemann started a publishing business. He even engraved some of the copper plates himself. The copper plates were used to print the music on paper. He created a musical newspaper. It was called  (English: The Faithful Music Master). He published his music in the newspaper. He also published music by other composers. 182 people bought the first edition of Telemann's *Tafelmusik*. This includes George Frideric Handel and Johann Joachim Quantz. However, this changed in the 20th century. People began to study Telemann's music again. His music is performed more often.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* A list of works by Telemann (in French)
Typhoon

A **typhoon** is a type of cyclone that is formed in the Western Pacific Ocean. The strongest recorded typhoons were Typhoon Haiyan and Typhoon Tip.

 

 

## Related pages 
* Cyclone
* Tropical cyclone
* Pacific typhoon
* Hurricane
* Pacific cyclone
* Pacific hurricane
* Indian ocean cyclone
The Prince and the Pauper

***The Prince and the Pauper*** is a book by Mark Twain. It was published in 1882. The story has been adapted to stage, television, and movies.

## Story
The story takes place in England, in the year 1547 when the King has a glorious and much rejoiced birth of the son he awaited, Edward the fourth, after many sisters (Mary and Elizabeth)and still births. By chance, Prince Edward, son of King Henry VIII of England and Jane Seymor, and Tom Canty, a pauper ( boy), find out that they look exactly the same, like identical twins. After they put on each other's clothes for , the prince is thrown out of the palace, while people think that Tom is the prince. Now both Edward and Tom have to live in a world where they are treated different and which they do not understand. 

Tom lives the life of a prince. On the streets of London, Edward is saved by the nobleman Miles Hendon. Edward travels with Miles around England. There Edward sees and has to live with the poverty and cruel treatment in the life of the poor people. 

Then King Henry VIII dies. People prepare to make Tom the next King. At the crowning ceremony, Edward arrives and says that he is the real Prince. In the end, Tom and Edward can clear everything up. Edward becomes King of England. Tom Canty becomes "The King's Ward", a position in which he can live comfortably for the rest of his life. Miles Hendon is made an Earl. King Edward's rule is very good to the common and poor people, because he has lived that way for a while and knows how hard it is.

## Related pages
Excalibur

**Excalibur** is a legendary sword in the mythology of Great Britain. It was owned by King Arthur. The sword and its name have become very widespread in popular culture, and are used in fiction and films. Excalibur is a symbol of divine kingship and great power.

## History of the sword
The sword was obtained by the king with the advice of his wizard-adviser. But it was considered that there existed two Excalibur swords. The first was the one Merlin put into the stone and said that the throne will be taken by the one who will take the sword out of the stone.do it. The second Excalibur was the one to which Merlin took the King. The sword was located at a magical lake where the Lady of the Lake gave it to Arthur. That Excalibur was made by an elf. Later, the sword was stolen by his sister, and it was the time when the scabbard (sword coverage) was lost. In the battle of Camlann, Arthur was hurt, and he told Bedwyr (Griflet) to return the Excalibur to the lake.
  
One of the earliest names of King Arthur's sword was Caladfwlch. It is a Welsh word that comes from Calad-Bwlch (Hard cleaving). Later it was changed to Caliburn by Geoffrey of Monmouth. And today we know it as Excalibur, due to the French.

The legend of Excalibur is similar to the Irish hero, Cú Chulainn, who had a sword named Caladbolg; or to the Norse Legend of Sigurd. All these swords were made by an elf. Sometimes he is named Wayland (Saxon myth); and Gofannon (Celtic myth).

Clarent is one of King Arthur's two mythic swords. The first is Excalibur, the sword of war, and the second is Clarent, the sword of peace. The Clarent sword is less known because it was used for peaceful acts, whereas the Excalibur was well known because it was used to defend Camelot. But by the legend, the Clarent Sword plays a very important role. It was stolen by the traitor Mordred, who later used it against Arthur and cut him to death.

In some versions of the story of Excalibur, it is said that the sword was forged in dragon fire, though it is not commonly told of.

## Other websites 
* Medieval European Armor
Billy Boyd

2005.]]

**Billy Boyd** (born 28 August 1968, in Glasgow) is a Scottish actor. He is best known for playing Peregrin Took in the *Lord of the Rings* movie trilogy (2001–2003) and Barrett Bonden in  Peter Weir's movie *Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World* (2003).

## Talents 
As well as being an actor, he can sing, and play the guitar, bass, and drums. He wrote and sang a song in Peter Jackson's *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.
He worked as a book-binder for 6 years before becoming an actor. One of the books he bound was *The Lord of the Rings*.

He lives in a house in Lesmahagow with his girlfriend, Alison McKinnon. On 26 April 2006, he and McKinnon had their first child: Jack William Boyd.

## Filmography
**Stone of Destiny (2008)
**Ecstasy* (2007) as Woodsy
**The Flying Scotsman* (2006) as Malky
**Save Angel Hope* (2006) as Vince
**Midsummer Dream* (2005) voice of Puck
**On a Clear Day* (2005) as Danny
**Instant Credit* (2004) as Frankie
**Seed of Chucky* (2004) as the voice of Glen
**The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* (2003) as Peregrin Took
**Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World* (2003) as Barrett Bonden
**The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* (2002) as Peregrin Took
**Sniper 470* (2002)  as the Sniper
**The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* (2001) as Peregrin Took
**Julie and the Cadillacs* (1999) as Jimmy Campbell
**Urban Ghost Story* (1998) as the loan shark
**The Soldier's Leap'' (1998) as the postman

## Other websites 
*
Sean Bean

**Sean Bean** (born as **Shaun Mark Bean** on 17 April 1959) is an English actor. As an actor, he adopted the Irish/Scottish spelling "Sean" of his first name. He was born in Handsworth, Sheffield,  South Yorkshire.

## Movies 
### Film 
### Television 
## References
## Other websites 
*
Tripoli, Greece

**Tripoli** () is a city in Greece. It is in the center of the Peloponnese. It is built at an altitude of about 600 meters, at the bottom of Mainalo mountain. It had 28,876 people according to the 2001 census. Tripoli is the capital of Arcadia prefecture. 

## Transportation
Tripoli is connected to the capital city Athens by a motorway between Corinth-Tripoli-Kalamata, which is a part of the E65. 

## Known people from Tripoli
* Kostas Karyotakis (1896–1928)
* Semni Karusou (1900–1994)
* Yiannis Kouros (1956–)
Harry Patrinos

Katerina Mertikas

## Other websites 
* Official site
John Rhys-Davies

**John Rhys-Davies** (born 5 May 1944, in Ammanford, Carmarthenshire, Wales) is a Welsh actor. Although he has played in many movies, Rhys-Davies is probably best known for his characters in two blockbuster movie series: Sallah in the *Indiana Jones* movies and the dwarf Gimli in the *Lord of the Rings* movie trilogy. He has also frequently provided his voice for heirloom audio productions adaptation of G.A Henty's novels.

## Filmography
* *Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny* (2023)
* *The Gates* (2023)
* *Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom* (2023)
* *Shadowtown* (2020)
* *Moments in Spacetime* (2020)
* *Miss Willoughby and the Haunted Bookshop* (2019)
* *Aquaman* (2018)
* *Valley of the Gods* (2019)
* *G-Loc* (2020)
* *Bad Cupid* (2017)
* *Winter Thaw* (2016)
* *Camera Store* (2016)
* *The Pilgrim’s Progress* (2015)
* *Beyond the Mask* (2015)
* *Killing Jesus* (2015)
* *Saul: The Journey to Damascus* (2014)
* *Time Lapse* (2014)
* *Apocalypse Pompeii* (2014)
* *Pompeii* (2014)
* *Scooby-Doo! Adventures: The Mystery Map* (2013)
* *100 Degrees Below Zero* (2013)
* *Escape* (2012)
* *Ferocious Planet* (2011)
* *Concrete Blondes* (2011)
* *Medium Raw: Night of the Wolf* (2010)
* *Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes* (2010)
* *The Red Dress* (2009)
* *31 North 62 East* (2009)
* *Anacondas: Trail of Blood* (2009)
* *Fire & Ice: The Dragon Chronicles* (2008)
* *Anaconda 3: Offspring* (2008)
* *In the Name of the King* (2007)
* *The Ferryman* (2007)
* *Kiss Me Deadly* (2007)
* *Shark Bait* (2006)
* *The King Maker* (2005)
* *One Night with the King* (2006)
* *The Lost Angel* (2005)
* *Chupacabra: Dark Seas* (2005)
* *The Game of Their Lives* (2005)
* *The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement* (2004)
* *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* (2003)
* *The Medallion* (2003)
* *The Jungle Book 2* (2003) (voice)
* *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* (2002)
* *Sabretooth*  (2002)
* *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* (2001)
* ''Cats Don't Dance*  (1997) (voice)
* *Aladdin and the King of Thieves* (1996) (voice)
* *Glory Daze*  (1996)
* *The Great White Hype*  (1996)
* *Sliders* (1995-1997)
* *Quest for Glory IV: Shadows of Darkness*   (1994)
* *The High Crusade*  (1994)
* *Indiana Jones* (1992)
* *The Lost World* (1992)
* *Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade* (1989)
* *The Living Daylights* (1987)
* *King Solomon's Mines*  (1985)
* *Sahara*  (1983)
* *Victor/Victoria* (1982)
* *Ivanhoe* (1982)
* *Raiders of the Lost Ark* (1981)
* *I, Claudius'' (1976)

## Other websites
Polynesia

**Polynesia** is a group of over 1,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean.

## Triangle 
Polynesia is the islands in a triangle in the Pacific Ocean. The top of the triangle is Hawai'i, the bottom left is New Zealand and the bottom right is Easter Island. All the islands inside the triangle are Polynesia.

## Islands 
* American Samoa (overseas United States territory)
* Anuta (in the Solomon Islands)
* Bellona Island (in the Solomon Islands)
* Cook Islands (self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)
* Easter Island (part of Chile, called *Rapa Nui* in Rapa Nui)
* Emae (in Vanuatu) 
* French Polynesia ("overseas country", a territory of France)
* Hawaii (a state of the United States)
* Kapingamarangi (in the Federated States of Micronesia)
* Mele (in Vanuatu)
* New Zealand (called *Aotearoa* in Māori, usually associated with Australasia) 
* Niue (self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)
* Nuguria (in Papua New Guinea)
* Nukumanu (in Papua New Guinea)
* Nukuoro (in the Federated States of Micronesia)
* Ontong Java (in the Solomon Islands) 
* Pileni (in the Solomon Islands)
* Rennell (in the Solomon Islands) 
* Rotuma (in Fiji)
* Samoa (independent nation)
* Sikaiana (in the Solomon Islands) 
* Swains Island (politically part of American Samoa) 
* Takuu (in Papua New Guinea) 
* Tikopia (in the Solomon Islands) 
* Tokelau (overseas dependency of New Zealand)
* Tonga (independent nation)
* Tuvalu (independent nation)
* Wallis and Futuna (overseas territory of France)
String

**String** is a thin piece of rope or twine which is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects. String can be made from many kinds of fibres.

A "**string**" can also mean:

In **science**, **computers** or **mathematics**:
* String (computer science), a sequence of symbols or digits in computer programming
* String (physics), one of the main objects of study in string theory 
* strings (Unix), a UNIX programme for finding character strings in binary files
* String literal, the notation for representing a string value within the text of a computer program
* A string of nucleotides is called DNA or RNA
* A string of amino acids is called a peptide or protein
* String theory, a popular grand unified theory

In **music**:
* String instrument, a musical instrument that produces sound through vibrating strings
* Strings (music), flexible material that provides vibrations in string instruments
* Strings (Pakistani pop band), a pop band from Pakistan
* String (Thai pop), a genre of Thai pop music
* "Strings", the nickname of Robert Dahlqvist, guitarist of Swedish rock and roll band The Hellacopters

**Other** meanings:
* G-string, a type of underclothing that parts the buttocks without covering them 
* Strings (film), a 2004 movie directed by Anders Rønnow Klarlund
* String figures, designs formed by weaving string around one's fingers
* A character controlled by Marik in the Yu-Gi-Oh! series
Windsor, Berkshire

**Windsor** is a town in Berkshire, England. It is near the River Thames. The official residence of the British monarch, Windsor Castle, is located in Windsor.
Dam

A **dam** is a large wall or barrier that blocks or stops the flow of water, forming a reservoir or a lake. Most dams have a section called a spillway or weir over which, or through which, water flows, either sometimes or always.
Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water. The tallest dam in the world is the 300 meter high Nurek Dam in Tajikistan. Fish ladders are usually added to dams to allow fish to cross over.

## History 
Some of the first dams were built in Mesopotamia up to 7,000 years ago. Modern dams are built with arched walls of steel rod-reinforced concrete. The arched wall is a very strong shape which helps the wall to withstand the huge weight of the water.

## Reasons for building dams 
There are a number of reasons that people build dams. Some countries build dams to control the flow of water in the downstream river systems, and prevent flooding. Other countries build dams to generate electricity using hydroelectric turbine generators. Other countries use dams to store water for use in irrigation (for farming) or drinking by people. However, mis-management of dams could cause flooding.

Image:Arch dam Oymapinar (Manavgat River, Turkey).JPG|Arch dam in Turkey.
Image:AswanHighDam Egypt.jpg|Aswan High Dam in Egypt.
Image:Srisailam-dam-with-gates-open-2.jpg|Srisailam Dam in India.
Image:Drei-Schluchten-Damm (Jangtse).jpg|Three Gorges Dam, China.

## Notes
Peugeot 206

The Peugeot 206 is a car made by the French company Peugeot. It was produced from 1998 to 2013 in Europe. The car was sold in many countries around the world, with production still happening in some places even after 2013. It is a small, compact car that became very popular for its design, fuel efficiency, and affordable price.

## History
The Peugeot 206 was introduced in 1998 as the successor to the Peugeot 205. It was designed to be a small city car, but it became popular for its versatility and style. The 206 was available in many different versions, such as a 3-door and 5-door hatchback, convertible, and estate (station wagon) model. It was sold in many countries, including Europe, Latin America, and parts of Asia.

In 2006, the Peugeot 207 replaced the 206 in many markets, but the 206 continued to be sold as a budget model. In 2009, a new version called the Peugeot 206+ was introduced with some updates to the design and features. However, this updated model was not sold in the UK.
## Engine Options
The Peugeot 206 was available with various engine options, depending on the model and market. Common engine sizes included:

1.1 L (60 hp)

1.4 L (75 hp)

1.6 L (88 hp)

2.0 GTI (136 hp)

2.0 RC (177 hp)

There were also diesel engine options, including 1.4 L HDi (68 hp) and 1.6 L HDi (109 hp), which were known for their fuel efficiency, 1.9 D and 2.0 HDi.

## Design
The Peugeot 206 was known for its compact and modern design. It featured smooth, rounded edges with a body style that appealed to many drivers. The interior was simple, offering enough space for small families or individuals. The car was available in different colors and trims, and some models had sportier designs.

The convertible version, introduced in 2000, was a notable addition to the lineup, offering a more open driving experience.

## Engines 
* *1.1* 44 kW (60 hp)
* *1.4* 55 kW (75 hp)
* *1.4 16V* 65 kW (88 hp)
* *1.6* 65 kW (88 hp)
* *1.6 16V* 80 kW (109 hp)
* *2.0 GTI* 100 kW (136 hp)
* *2.0 RC* 130 kW (177 hp)
* *1.4 HDi* 50 kW (68 hp)
* *1.6 HDi* 80 kW (109 hp)
* *1.9 D* 51 kW (69 hp)
* *2.0 HDi* 66 kW (90 hp)
Fiat Panda

The **Fiat Panda** is a small car made by Fiat from 1980 to the present day. Normally it is bought by small families or young adults because the car is quite cheap and also the tax is not very high. 

The first generation launched in 1980, and in the UK a year later. A 4x4 model appeared in 1983. A major facelift arrived in 1986 and another one took place in 1991. In 1995, the Panda was axed from the UK with most other European markets following shortly after, remaining on sale in Italy right up to 2003. 

The second generation of 2003 was made in Poland and was the European Car Of The Year in 2004. It received some small updates during its run and was produced until the end of 2012. This car was also available as a 4x4, a 1.3 Multijet diesel and a sporty 100HP version.

The Panda entered its third and current generation in 2011 with production moving back to Italy, with 2- and 4-cylinder petrol engines. Again it was also built with 4x4 drive and with a Multijet diesel engine. In 2020, the model underwent considerable technical changes, among which a new, mild-hybrid, 3-cylinder petrol engine.
Fiat Ulysse

The **Fiat Ulysse** was a large car with seven seats made by Fiat in two generations between 1994 and 2010. It is the only Eurovan in the PSA/Fiat joint vesture to have retained the same name in the second generation.

## First generation (1994−2002) 
### Engines 
* *1.8* 73 kW (99 hp)
* *2.0* 89 kW (121 hp)
* *2.0 16V* 97 kW (132 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
* *2.0 Turbo* 108 kW (147 hp)
* *1.9 TD* 66 kW (90 hp)
* *2.0 JTD* 80 kW (109 hp)
* *2.1 TD* 80 kW (109 hp)

## Second generation (2002−2010) 
### Engines 
* *2.0 16V* 100 kW (136 hp)
* *3.0 V6* 152 kW (207 hp)
* *2.0 JTD* 80 kW (109 hp), 88 kW (120 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
* *2.2 JTD* 94 kW (128 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
2006 FIFA World Cup

of competing countries and final standings]]
The **2006 FIFA World Cup** was a football (soccer) sporting event that was held in Germany from June 9 to July 9, 2006. 32 teams took part from many countries. Italy won the trophy after beating France in the final on penalties. Portugal got room place at home.

## Participants 
### Africa 
* 			(ANG) • Squad
* 		(CIV) • Squad
* 			(GHA) • Squad
* 			(TOG) • Squad
* 		(TUN) • Squad

### Asia 
* 		(AUS) • Squad
* 			(IRN) • Squad
* 			(JPN) • Squad
* 		(KOR) • Squad
* 		(KSA) • Squad

### Europe 
* 		(CRO) • Squad
* 		(CZE) • Squad
* 		(ENG) • Squad
* 			(FRA) • Squad
* 		(GER) • Squad
* 			(ITA) • Squad
* 		(NED) • Squad
* 			(POL) • Squad
* 		(POR) • Squad
* 	(SCG) • Squad
* 			(ESP) • Squad
* 			(SWE) • Squad
* 		(SUI) • Squad
* 		(UKR) • Squad

### North and Central America 
* 		(CRC) • Squad
* 			(MEX) • Squad
* 	(TRI) • Squad
* 		(USA) • Squad

### South America 
* 		(ARG) • Squad
* 			(BRA) • Squad
* 		(ECU) • Squad
* 		(PAR) • Squad

## Group stage 
### Group A 
**Schedule**

### Group B 
### Group C 
### Group D 
### Group E 
### Group F 
### Group G 
### Group H 
## Knockout stage 
### Round of 16 
----

----

----

----

----

----

----

### Quarter-finals 
----

----

----

### Semi-finals 
----

### Third place play-off 
### Final 
## References 
|-
|
Tesco

**Tesco** is a multinational retailer owned by Tesco PLC from the United Kingdom (UK).

## History
Tesco was started by Jack Cohen in 1919 . He had a stall at Well Street Market, in Hackney. He opened the first Tesco grocery store in 1931 in Edgware. His business grew very quickly and there were 100 Tesco stores by 1939. Jack Cohen's business motto was "pile it high and sell it cheap". At first, Tesco only sold food in its stores, but in the 1990s it began to sell other items, such as mobile phones, DVDs and videos, clothing, and books. It now also operates petrol stations, banks and is an Internet service provider in the UK since 2012.
## Operation
There are different brands of Tesco stores, which are all different sizes. They go from small convenience stores to large hypermarkets. With more than 3,000 stores in the UK alone, it is one of the biggest retailers in the country. Tesco's website was also one of the first to let people buy things from the Internet. 

The company that owns Tesco is called **Tesco plc** (public limited company) and is listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). It has opened stores in other countries within Europe and Asia. Countries with Tesco stores include Ireland, Hungary, Malaysia, and Thailand. Nowadays, Tesco is the third-largest retailer in the world when measured by profit and the fifth-largest by revenue.

## References
## Other website
* 
* Corporate website
*Tesco Payslipview
Proton Savvy

The **Proton Savvy** is a small car made by the Malaysian company Proton Holding. It has 5 seats and 5 doors.

## References
Peugeot 107

The **Peugeot 107** is a car made by the French company, Peugeot. It has been made in the Czech Republic since 2005 and it has four seats. The car can have two or four doors. The car is related to the Toyota Aygo and the Citroën C1. In 2009, Peugeot made new versions of the car that looked different. They did this again in 2012. The manufacturing of it was stopped in 2014 because Peugeot had started making the Peugeot 108(another model of a car). 

## Engines 
* *1.0* 50 kW (68 hp)
* *1.4 HDi* 40 kW (54 hp)
Toyota Aygo

The **Toyota Aygo** is a car made by the Japanese company Toyota in the Czech Republic since 2005. It has four seats and either two or four doors. The car has a 1-litre petrol or 1,4-litre diesel engine. The car is similar to the Peugeot 107 and Citroën C1. It entered its second generation in 2014.

## Engines 
* *1.0 VVT-i* 50 kW (68 hp)
* *1.4 D4-D* 40 kW (54 hp)
Paris (Trojan prince)

**Paris** is a personality in Greek mythology. He is an important person in the Trojan War, and Homer's *Iliad*. Paris was the son of King Priam of Troy and his wife Hecuba. Because it was prophesied that he would bring the end and destruction of Troy, he was left to die in the wilderness, but was found by another man, who took him as a son and named him Paris.

Three goddesses, Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena, had a beauty contest with a prize of the golden Apple of Discord of Eris (goddess). Paris was the judge and they all bribed him. Hera offered him power, Athena offered him wisdom, and Aphrodite promised him the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen. 

The problem was that Helen was already married to Menelaus, the brother of Agamemnon. Paris took Helen home with him to Troy. This caused the Trojan War. 

During the war, Paris killed Achilles by shooting his heel with a poisoned arrow. 

Late in the war, Paris was killed by Philoctetes.

## References
Hector

**Hector** (, *Hektōr*) was a Trojan prince and one of the central figures of the *Iliad*. The first-born son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba, Hector was the heir apparent to the throne and the greatest of Troy's warriors in the defense of the city. Hector fought against a various number of the Greeks through the course of the Trojan War, including Protesilaus and Ajax. He was married to Andromache, with whom he had a son, Astyanax, whom the Trojans called Scamandrios. 

Hector is eventually killed by Achilles (Book XXII of *The Iliad*).

## Related pages 
*624 Hektor

## Other websites
*
*
Priam

**Priam** (**Priamos** or (Latin) **Priamus**) is a person in Greek mythology. He was the King of Troy during the Trojan War.

Priam had several wives, but his principal wife was Hecuba. With her he had his favourite son Hector; and Paris the cause of the war.

In Book II of Virgil's *Aeneid*, he was killed during the destruction of Troy by Achilles' son Neoptolemus.

## Other websites
Volkswagen Polo

The **Volkswagen Polo** is a small car made by the German company Volkswagen since 1975. The first generation was made from 1975 to 1981 with a facelift in 1979. The second generation was made between 1981 and 1994 and was facelifted in 1990. The third generation was made from late 1994 to early 2002 with a facelift in early 2000. The fourth generation launched in early 2002 and featured distinctive twin round headlamps, they were dropped when it was facelifted in mid-2005. The fifth generation arrived in 2009 and was facelifted in mid-2014. The sixth generation launched in late 2017 and now only comes as a 5-door hatchback. In the fall of 2020, the Polo was visually redesigned with the switch to the 2021 model year. Since then, the vehicle has been supplied with the new Volkswagen logo and Polo lettering on the tailgate, which was once on the lower left , has now been positioned in a new font in the middle under the VW logo. Technically, there has been an update to the "Modular Infotainment Kit 3" (MIB3).

## Different versions 

File:Polo 1 b v sst.jpg|First generation
File:VW Polo Coupe front 20071019.jpg|Second generation
File:1997 Volkswagen Polo (6N) 5-door hatchback (2010-09-23).jpg|Third generation
File:2001-2005 Volkswagen Polo.jpg|Fourth generation
File:VW Polo (6).JPG|Fifth generation
File:Volkswagen Polo VI (2021) IMG 5700.jpg|Sixth generation
Nymph

and a Nymph" -the encounter of one male and one female suggests the mythological story of the nymph Salmacis seducing the youth Hermaphroditus]]
A **nymph** is a kind of female nature entity/spirit in Greek mythology. They are often companions of Greek gods and goddesses. Nymphs can be divided into different kinds, such as:
* Dryads (trees)
* Naiads (fresh water)
* Oreads (mountains)
* the **Okeanids**, the daughters of Okeanos, and the **Nereids**, the daughters of Nereus (seas)
* the **Pleiades** (stars)
They are not immortal, like Greek gods or the titans from Greek mythology, but were said to live a long time.

## Other websites
Romantic music

**Romantic music** is music written in the 19th century.  This was the period called the “Romantic period” by musicians.  In literature and some other arts the “Romantic period” is often said to begin and finish earlier: around mid 18th to mid 19th century. 

In the Classical period artists liked to see clear forms.  18th century architecture nearly always shows a lot of symmetry.  The gardens of the palace at Versailles are a good example of this with their very tidy patterns of straight paths, circular ponds and neatly clipped hedges.

In music the Classical composers such as Haydn and Mozart liked to compose music which had a clear plan like sonata form.

In the Romantic period artists thought that feeling and passions were more important than formal plans.  This can be seen in the gardens designed by Capability Brown, e.g. in at Blenheim Palace, Oxford.  The gardens are made to blend into nature.

In music the Romantic composers may still use plans like sonata form, but feelings and passions are important.  They often write what is called programme music which means: music that describes something or tells a story.  Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony is called the “Pastoral” which means that it is about the countryside.  Beethoven wrote in the Classical style until about 1803 when he started writing in the Romantic style.  Later composers such as Felix Mendelssohn wrote pieces like *Hebrides Overture* which describes the sea coming into Fingal’s Cave in the Inner Hebrides Islands in Scotland.  Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) wrote a lot of music which tells a story.  His *Symphonie Fantastique* is about an artist madly in love.  Berlioz’s whole way of life was wild and romantic.  He fell in love with an actress he saw on stage playing the part of Juliet in Shakespeare’s *Romeo and Juliet* and he actually married her!  Other composers who wrote a lot of programme music include Franz Liszt (1811-1886) and Richard Strauss (1864-1949).  Strauss always wrote in a late-Romantic style even although he lived well into the 20th century.

The Romantic period was also the period of Nationalism.  "Nationalism" means being proud of one's country.  In the 19th century  a lot of European countries as we know them were being formed.  In music a lot of composers were writing music which was typical of their country.  They often did this by using folk music.  Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904) and Bedřich Smetana (1824-1884) wrote music which sounds very Czech. Pyotr Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)  wrote music with Russian folk songs in them. Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) used German folk songs in his symphonies, and Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958) collected English folk songs and put them in his music.  One of those pieces was a Fantasy on the famous tune *Greensleeves*.
Trojan Horse

The **Trojan Horse** is a large wooden horse from the Trojan War in Greek mythology. In the Trojan War, the Greeks were fighting against the city of Troy.  The war started when Helen, the queen of Sparta, was kidnapped by Paris, prince of Troy.  The Greeks waged war on Troy to win Helen of Troy back.   

The Greeks could not enter the city or win the war. Because of this, Odysseus, one of the Grecian leaders, thought of a way to trick the Trojans.  The Greeks built a large wooden horse out of a ship and left it outside the gates of the city as a present for the Trojans, then sailed away. The Greek ships hid behind a nearby land mass. The Trojans took the horse and put it inside their city, thinking it was a victory gift from the Greeks.  The Trojans had a festival to celebrate their victory. Odysseus chose a horse so that Athena (goddess of wisdom and strength) would grant them good luck after the battle. After the Trojan victory festival ended, the Greeks, who were hiding inside the horse, came out. They opened the city gates to let the other Greeks enter Troy. The Greeks easily overpowered the unsuspecting Trojans and took control of the city. Because of the Trojan Horse, the Greeks won the Trojan War. 

Today the word "Trojan horse" is used for things that are similar to that story: something that looks good, but in truth has another purpose, usually bad. An example for this is a type of computer virus called a Trojan horse.

## Other websites 
* Trojan horse -Citizendium
Nereid

In Greek mythology, the **Nereids** ( *Nereides*) are sea nymphs, the fifty daughters of Nereus, the Old Man of the Sea, and the Okeanid Doris. 

Among them are:
*Thetis - Wife of Peleus and mother of Achilles, she was often considered the leader of the Nereids. 
*Amphitrite - Wife of Poseidon and queen of the sea. 
*Galatea
*Thoosa - mother of the Cyclops Polyphemus. 
*Dione (mythology)
Romance

**Romance** or **romantic** might mean:

*Something related to Ancient Rome
*Romance language, a language based on Latin, including Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian
*Chivalric romance, a style of medieval and Renaissance fiction
*Romance (love), love focusing on feelings over sex
*Romantic friendship, a close but non-sexual relationship between friends that includes a degree of physical closeness
*Romantic orientation, indicates which sex or gender people are likely to have a romantic relationship with
*Romanticism, a style of art that started in France in the late 1700s. It includes:
**Romantic painting
**Romantic music
**Romantic poetry
*Romance novel, a style of written fiction
*Romance movie, a style of movies
*Romance comics, a style of comics
Romanticism

, *Wanderer above the Sea of Fog,* 38.58 × 29.13 inches, 1818, Oil on canvas, *Kunsthalle Hamburg*.]]

**Romanticism**, or the **Romantic movement**, was a style of art, literature and music in the late 18th and the early 19th century in Europe. 

The movement believed in the importance of feelings, imagination, nature, human life, freedom of expression, individualism, and old folk traditions (like legends and fairy tales). education, and natural history. 

## Background 
The Romantic movement was a reaction to the aristocratic social and political ideas of the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution.
## Examples 
### United Kingdom 
British Romanticism was notable because the United Kingdom was an early adopter of industrialization and science. Well-known British Romanticists include:
* William Wordsworth
* Samuel Taylor Coleridge
* Lord Byron
* Percy Bysshe Shelley
* William Blake
* Robert Burns
* Walter Scott
*J. M. W. Turner

### Germany 
During the same period as in Britain, a notable Romantic movement occurred in Germany. Travel, nature, and Germanic myths were important motifs. 

Famous German Romanticists include:
*Ludwig von Beethoven
*Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as a younger man
*Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
*Friedrich Schiller
*Brothers Grimm

## Related pages
* Romance (love)
* Romantic music
* Romantic poetry

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Romantic Poets
* *Dictionary of the History of Ideas* , Romanticism
* *Romantic Circles* Electronic editions, histories, and scholarly articles related to the Romantic era
* *Dictionary of the History of Ideas* , Romanticism in Political Thought
* Romanticism in the "History of Art" 
*Romanticism in the Art History Archive
Helen of Troy

In Greek mythology, **Helen,** also known as **Helen of Troy** (Ancient Greek: Ἑλένη, Helénē), was said to have been the most beautiful woman in the world. The queen of Sparta, Helen was married to Menelaus, but later eloped with Prince Paris of Troy (most often depicted as being kidnapped) and taken to Troy, resulting in the Trojan War as the Achaeans set out to bring her back to Sparta. She was believed to be the daughter of Zeus and Leda, the wife of King Tyndareos of Sparta, and was the sister of twins Castor and Pollux, and Clytemnestra.

## Other websites 
*
Seveso disaster

in a biohazard suit installs signs warning of toxic chemicals.]]
The **Seveso disaster** was a chemical accident on 10 July 1976, at the small Italian town of Meda, 20&nbsp;km from Milan in Lombardy. There was an leak at a chemical factory which released a lot of the toxic poison dioxin, *TCDD*, into the air. The cloud of poison gas covered an area 6&nbsp;km long and 1&nbsp;km wide. It was named after the municipality of Seveso. There were many studies and new regulations after the accident. The European Union directive covering the protection against such accidents is known as Seveso-II-directive today. 

The company where the accident happened was called Icmesa. It was owned by Givaudan, who is  owned by Roche. Icmesa produced Trichlorophenol, which is used to produce the disinfectant Hexachlorophene. The company was located in four communes; one of them Seveso. 

None of the 20,000 people who lived in Seveso died, but the poison killed 3,000 farm animals and pets. Another 70,000 animals had to be killed to stop the dioxin from getting into the food chain.

## Long term problems
Thirty years after the accident, scientists reported that babies born in the area affected by the dioxin were six times more likely to have thyroid problems. The affected people, now in their forties, are being studied to see if it stopped them growing properly, or reduced intellectual development (IQ).

## References
Majulah Singapura

"**Majulah Singapura**" (Jawi: ماجولاه سانڬاڤورا, ; "Onward Singapore") is the national anthem of Singapore. It was written and composed by Singaporean musician Zubir Said in 1958. Seven years later, the anthem was adopted. This song must be sung in Malay, although there are translations provided in the country's three other official languages—English, Mandarin Chinese, and Tamil.

Singaporeans are encouraged to sing the national anthem during times of national celebration or at important national events such as at the National Day Parade, at National Day observance ceremonies held by government departments and educational institutions such as schools and universities, and at sports events that Singapore teams take part in. 

## Lyrics
### Official Malay
### Mandarin Chinese translation
### Tamil translation
### English translation

## References
## Other websites
* Music score for Wind band (instrumental parts)
Achilles

**Achilles** (Ancient Greek: Ἀχιλλεύς, *Akhilleus*) was a hero of the Trojan War and is the main character of Homer's *Iliad*. The son of the mortal hero Peleus and the Nereid Thetis, he is the leader of the Myrmidons, and is described as the greatest of all the Achaean warriors.  The *Iliad*, which is set in the ninth year of the Trojan War, started with an argument between Achilles and Agamemnon, the commander of the Greek forces.

Achilles' most notable feat during the Trojan War was his slaying the Trojan prince Hector outside the gates of Troy, as revenge against Hector for killing his friend, Patroclus.p53   While Achilles' death is not presented in the *Iliad* (as the poem ends with Hector's funeral), other sources say that he was killed near the end of the war by Paris, who shot him in the heel with an arrow.In medicine, we find the term "Achilles tendon", the part of the foot that connects the heel to the calf muscles. Specialists say that this is the largest tendon in the human body, which allows the movement of the toes, a movement necessary when walking. When she gave birth to Achilles, Thetis tried to make him immortal. Achilles was completely immersed by his mother in the waters of the Styx, but his heel was left out by which Thetis held him. Another version says that Thetis anointed the boy with ambrosia and placed him over a fire to burn away all the mortal parts of his body and purify him. Interrupted by Peleus, however, Thetis became enraged and let the child go without completing the ritual. Homer makes no reference to this invulnerability in the Iliad. On the opposite, it describes a scene in which Achilles is wounded (In Book 21, the Paeonian hero Asteropaeus, nephew of Axios - a river god - challenges Achilles near the river Scamander. He throws two spears, and one injures Achilles' elbow).

## Legend 
Later stories say Achilles was invulnerable in all of his body, except for his heel, as that is where his mother Thetis held him when she dipped him in the River Styx as an infant.  As such, the term "Achilles' heel" has come to mean a point of fatal weakness.  Because of that, his heel was still vulnerable.  However, the *Iliad* does not say this, because it has nothing to do with The Trojan War, other than the fact that Achilles died, by getting shot in his heel.

According to the legend, Achilles was killed by  Paris, with the help of the god Apollo, who shot his heel with an arrow Apollo poisoned. Achilles was shot many times by the arrows of Paris but the only arrow found on his body was through his heel.

## References
Junichiro Koizumi

**Junichiro Koizumi** (born 8 January 1942) is the former Prime Minister of Japan. He stepped down in 2006.

## Early life 
Born in Yokosuka, Kanagawa on 8 January, 1942, Koizumi was taught at Yokosuka High School and Keio University, where he studied economics. He went to University College London before returning to Japan in August 1969 when his father died.

## Yasukuni Shrine and Junichiro 
While he was prime minister of Japan, he made China and South Korea very angry by continuing to visit the Yasukuni Shrine. He was succeeded by Shinzo Abe.
Giacomo Casanova

**Giacomo Girolamo Casanova** (, ; 2 April 1725 – 4 June 1798) was a famous Venetian adventurer and writer. He was born in Venice. He is best known for having had many affairs with women. He died in Dux, Bohemia, (now Duchcov, Czech Republic).

## References
William de Wiveleslie Abney

**William de Wiveleslie Abney** (24 July 1843 – 3 December 1920) was an English astronomer, chemist, and photographer. Abney was a member of many scientific organizations.

He was best known for his discovering and measuring the effect of adding white to a hue, in 1910. The effect is generally known as the Abney effect. For example, adding white to red makes it slightly bluish (bluish red is known as pink), and adding white to yellowish green hues makes them less yellowish and thus greener.

## References
Given name

A **given name** is a name given to a person at birth or baptism.  Given names are referred as first names.  It is different from a surname.  A surname is the last name or family name.

:Example: A baby girl is born and someone decides to name her *Hope*.  *Hope* is her given name.  Someone can decide to give her a surname as it is commonly accepted for people to have a last name.  When she grows up, she can pick her own given name or surname if she does not like the one that was picked for her.  Family names are inherited and are not easily changed.  

In most Western countries the given name comes first (before the last name or family name).  However, in many Asian countries such as India's Telugu States, Japan and China it comes after the last name or family name, and occasionally also in Europe, e.g. in Hungarian.

Christians often call their first name their "Christian name".

## Related pages 
* Personal name
* Posthumous name
* Regnal name
* Indian name
Aegean Sea

The **Aegean Sea**, part of the Mediterranean Sea, is between Greece and Anatolia. It is connected in the north to the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The islands of Rhodes, Karpathos and Crete mark its south end.

## History 
In ancient times, two groups of people lived near the sea: the Minoans of Crete and the Myceneans of the Peloponnese. The city-states of Athens and Sparta came later and were part of Ancient Greece. The Persians, Romans, the Byzantine Empire, the Venetians (people from Venice), the Seljuks and the Ottomans later started around the Aegean Sea.  The people near the Aegean were very advanced in ancient history and sailed across it to meet and trade.

There are seven groups of Aegean islands: the Thracian Sea group, the East Aegean group, the Northern Sporades, the Cyclades, the Saronic Islands (or Argo-Saronic Islands), the Dodecanese and Crete. The word archipelago used to mean these islands. Many of the Aegean islands, or chains of islands, are part of the mountain ranges on the mainland.

One island chain goes across the sea to Chios, and another goes across Euboea to Samos.  A third chain goes across the Peloponnese and Crete to Rhodes.  This one divides the Aegean from the Mediterranean.  Many of the islands have safe harbours and bays, but sailing in the sea is difficult.

Many of the islands are volcanos, and marble and iron are mined on other islands.  Bigger islands have green valleys and plains.  Two large islands on the Aegean Sea are part of Turkey: Bozcaada () and Gökçeada ().

## Notes
Family name

A **family name** is a name shared by people in the same family. Different cultures have different customs for a person's family name and given name. In English, the family name is always at the end, and it is called a **last name** or **surname**. Children usually have the same family name as their father. A married woman usually changes her family name to be the same as her husband.

 as example. This shows a structure typical for English-speaking cultures (and some others). Other cultures use other structures for full names.]]

For example, Mary Brown married John Smith and she changed her name to Mary Smith. They had two children, David Smith and Kate Smith. Smith is the family name shared by the parents Mary and John, and their children David and Kate.

Occasionally, people use the same family name as mother. Historically, some slaves in America didn't know their original surname, because slaves were often named after the slave owner. Some languages put the family name first. Some (for example Spanish) give both parents' family names in the children's' surnames. In Russian most surnames change depending on the gender of the person (example: ...ski or ...sky for a male, and ...skaya for a female). Some, such as Javanese, do not often give anyone a family name.

## Related pages
* Personal name
* Posthumous name
* Regnal name

## References
John the Baptist

of John the Baptist]]
**John the Baptist** (also called **John the Baptizer** or **Yahya the Baptizer**) is viewed as a prophet by at least three religions: Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeanism. According to the New Testament, he was a preacher who baptized people. 

John called people to turn to God and to prepare for the coming of the messiah (Jesus). He baptized Jesus in the Jordan River.
People would go to him so that he would put them in the water to show that they have turned away from their sins, so that they could get into heaven.

John was the son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, and a relative of Jesus. He was known for living in the wild, wearing clothes made from camel's hair, and eating locusts and honey. In Catholicism, his birthday is celebrated on June 24.

## References
Abruzzo

**Abruzzo** is one of the twenty regions of Italy, in Southern Italy on the Adriatic Sea. The capital is the city of L'Aquila.

## Geography 
The region is located in Southern Italy bordered by Marche to the north, Lazio to the west, Molise to the south and the Adriatic Sea to the east.

Abruzzo is the 13th largest region in Italy, with a total area of . The main rivers in the region are:
* Aterno-Pescara,  long.
* Sangro,  long.
* Vomano,  long.
* Tordino,  long.
* Liri,  long,  in Abruzzo.

The Tronto river is  long but flows mainly in the Marche region.

The highest mountain in the region is Corno Grande (), in the Teramo province, with an altitude of .

## Provinces 
The region is divided into four provinces:

### Largest municipalities
The 10 comuni of the region with more people living in it are:

## Gallery

File:Yellow flowers at Campo Imperatore-1.jpg|Corno Grande.
File:Palazzo della Camera di Commercio Chieti.jpg|Chamber of Commerce, Chieti.
File:L'Aquila, San Pietro a Coppito 2007 by-RaBoe-1.jpg|*San Pietro a Coppito* church, L'Aquila.
File:Pescara - Cattedrale di San Cetteo 01.JPG|Cathedral of Pescara.
File:Duomo di Teramo - facciata principale.jpg|*Duomo* of Teramo.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Site 
* Official Tourist Information