open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Paul Klee

**Paul Klee** (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-German artist. He was one of the most famous painters of the 20th century. His work was influenced by  Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. He was also very interested in the theory of color.

## Life and career
Klee was born in Münchenbuchsee, a town near Bern in Switzerland. His mother, born Ida Maria Frick, came from Basel in Switzerland. His father, Hans Klee, came from Tann, a small town in the Hesse state of Germany. Both his parents were musicians. When he was very young he trained to be a violinist. Then he decided to become an artist. He studied art under Heinrich Knirr. In 1899 he was admitted to the Academy of Fine arts in Munich. After leaving the academy he also studied art in Italy. After Italy, he returned to Bern and lived with his parents for several years.

Klee made over 10,000 paintings, drawings, and etchings in his lifetime. His works are held in museums all over the world. In 2005, the Zentrum Paul Klee (Paul Klee Center) was opened in Bern. The building was designed by the Italian architect Renzo Piano. It holds 4000 works by Klee and shows 150 at time. The exhibition changes every six months.

## Gallery
These pictures are from Klee's mature career. He painted them while he was teaching at the Bauhaus. During this time he was also a member of a group of artists called Die Blaue Vier (The Blue Four). The other three members were Wassily Kandinsky, Lyonel Feininger, and Alexej von Jawlensky. Like Klee, both Kandinsky and Feininger taught at the Bauhaus. The four artists lectured and exhibited together in Germany and the USA. 

Paul Klee, 1922, Red Balloon, oil on chalk-primed gauze, mounted on board, 31.7 x 31.1 cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.jpg|*Red Baloon* (1922), oil on 
Paul Klee, 1922, Senecio, oil on gauze, 40.3 × 37.4 cm, Kunstmuseum Basel.jpg|*Senecio* (1922), oil on muslin
Die Zwitscher-Maschine (Twittering Machine), 1922 - Paul Klee.jpg|*Twittering Machine* (1922), watercolor, oil, pen and ink on paper
Ttrappen (Omega 5).JPG|*Omega 5* (1927),  oil and watercolor on cardboard

## Related pages
*List of German painters
## References
Flag of Nebraska

The **flag of the U.S. state of Nebraska** is a blue rectangular cloth charged with the Nebraskan state seal.

## References
Andriy Sadovyi

**Andriy Ivanovych Sadovyi** (; born 19 August 1968) is a Ukrainian politician. He is the mayor of Lviv, the administrative center of the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine, and the leader of the Self Reliance political party.

## References
## Other websites 
* Mayor of Lviv  at Lviv City Council site
*
Inferno (Dante)

illustrated by Gustave Dore]]
***Inferno*** by the Italian author Dante, is a work of fiction made in the 1500s, as a part of The Divine Comedy. It tells of the fictional journey that two men, Dante himself as well as Greek poet Virgil, takes place through Christian Hell. Hell is made up of several levels, or circles, in which sinners are divided and punished according to their sins. Their punishments are measured according to how many good deeds vs bad deeds were done.

The Divine Comedy describes the journey of the soul toward God. And Inferno is about the recognition and rejection of sin. 

## References
Gordon Walgren

**Gordon Lee Walgren** (March 7, 1933 – March 13, 2018) was an American politician and lawyer. He was born in Bremerton, Washington. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Walgren was appointed to the Washington House of Representatives in November 1966 and served the remaining term in 1966. Walgren served in the Washington State Senator from 1967 to 1980, and was Senate Majority Leader from 1975 onward.

Walgren was convicted of mail fraud, racketeering, and violations of the Travel Act. Two of the three counts - mail fraud and racketeering - were later overturned.

Walgren died at his home on March 13, 2018 in Bremerton, at the age of 85.

## References
Gramais

**Gramais** is a municipality of the district Reutte in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

Gramais is the smallest independent municipality of Austria. It lies in a side valley off the Lech valley.

## References
Larry Kwong

**Lawrence Kwong** (born **Eng Kai Geong** (); June 17, 1923 &ndash; March 15, 2018) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward and businessman. He is known as the first person of Asian ancestry to play in the National Hockey League (NHL), and the first player to break hockey's color barrier.

Kwong was also the first NHL player from Vernon, British Columbia, and the Okanagan region. Kwong's nicknames included the "**China Clipper**" (a name later used for CFL player Normie Kwong) and "**King Kwong**".

From 1941 to 1959, Kwong played for the New York Rangers.

Kwong died March 15, 2018 in Calgary, Alberta of complications from pneumonia at the age of 94.

## References
Arnie Lerma

**Arnaldo Pagliarini Lerma** (November 18, 1950 – March 16, 2018) was an American writer and activist. He was a former Scientologist, and critic of Scientology. He appeared in television, media and radio interviews. Lerma was the first person to post the court document known as the Fishman Affidavit, including the Xenu story, to the internet via the Usenet newsgroup alt.religion.scientology. He was a strong critic of L. Ron Hubbard. He was born in Washington, D.C..

Lerma committed suicide by shooting himself on March 16, 2018 in Alexandria, Virginia after shooting his wife in the face with a 9 mm handgun. He was 67 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*Lermanet.com: Exposing the con (Arnie Lerma's Website) Media, Documentation and Pictures of 1995 Raid
**Church of Scientology protects secrets on the Internet* CNN, Washington, August 26, 1995
*Affidavit by Arnie Lerma dated September 6, 1995.
**Brinkema, Leonie M. Civil Action No. 95-1107-A: Memorandum Opinion*  Alexandria: US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia-Alexandria Division, November 28, 1995
**alt.scientology.war* by Wendy Grossman, Wired Magazine, December, 1995
Nicholas Edwards, Baron Crickhowell

**Roger Nicholas Edwards, Baron Crickhowell**, PC (25 February 1934 – 17 March 2018) was a British Conservative Party politician. He served as an MP from 1970 until 1987 and as Secretary of State for Wales during the Margaret Thatcher ministry. He was born in London.

Edwards died on 17 March 2018 at the age of 84.

## References
Guðjón Arnar Kristjánsson

**Guðjón Arnar Kristjánsson** (5 July 1944 – 16 March 2018) was an Icelandic politician. He was the chairman of the Liberal Party (Frjálslyndi flokkurinn) from 2003 to 2009. He was an active member of the Independence Party. In 1999 he joined Sverrir Hermannsson and formed the Liberal Party. He was a member of Althingi from 1999 to 2009.

Kristjánsson died of cancer on 16 March 2018 at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
*Curriculum vitae at Althingi.is
Ivor Richard, Baron Richard

**Ivor Seward Richard, Baron Richard** (30 May 1932 – 18 March 2018) was a British Labour Party politician. He served as a Member of Parliament from 1964 until 1974. He was also a member of the Commission of the European Communities and latterly sat as a life peer in the House of Lords.

Richard died on 18 March 2018 at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*Debrett's People of Today
*Richard Commission
*Richard Commission final report
Kedarnath Singh

**Kedarnath Singh** (7 July 1934 – 19 March 2018) was an Indian poet. He was one of the most known modern poets writing in Hindi. He was also a critic and essayist. He was awarded the Jnanpith Award (2013), Sahitya Akademi Award (1989) in Hindi for his poetry collection, *Akaal Mein Saras* (*Cranes in Drought*).

## References
## Other websites
* Kedarnath Singh at Kavita Kosh  **(Hindi)**
G. William Whitehurst

**George William Whitehurst** (born March 12, 1925) is an American professor and politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives from the state of Virginia. He began his career as a professor at the College of William and Mary.

Whitehurst was elected to Congress in 1968 as a Republican from a district based in the Hampton Roads area. He was the first Republican to represent that part of Virginia since the Great Depression, and only the second Republican elected to a full term from that district in the 20th century. 

On October 6, 2016, Whitehurst, along with other Republican former members of Congress, was co-signator of a letter opposing Donald J. Trump's candidacy for the office of president.

## References
## Other websites
*Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
*Profile , Old Dominion University
*Alumni Recognition Award Recipients for 2004 , West Virginia University
*
Fred B. Rooney

**Frederick Bernard Rooney, Jr.** (November 6, 1925 &ndash; December 23, 2019) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from 1963 until 1979.

Rooney died at his home in Washington D.C. on December 23, 2019 at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
Wander Over Yonder

***Wander Over Yonder*** is an American animated television series created by Craig McCracken and produced by Disney Television Animation It aired on TV starting on August 16, 2013. The show ended on June 27, 2016. 

The series follows Wander, a nomadic and optimistic traveller and his best friend, Sylvia, as they go from planet to planet helping people to have fun and live free. This angers Lord Hater, one of the most powerful villains in the galaxy, who tries to defeat Wander with his army of Watchdogs.

The creator of the show is Craig McCracken, who has also created *The Powerpuff Girls* and ''Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends''.

## Development 
Wander Over Yonder is McCracken's first show on a Disney-owned network. Wander first appeared on sketchbooks and clothes that McCracken sold at conventions, as well as in a never-finished graphic novel. McCracken has described Wander as a "nomadic, hippie, muppet man".

Wander Over Yonder Is On Blu-ray And Digital HD And Digital Copy And Digital HD By Disney Television Animation And Disney XD

## Characters 
*Wander - A light brilliant orange Star Nomad with black eyes, a pale light grayish green hat with a black belt and a light brilliant gold star button, white socks with black and light brilliant gold stripes, and pale light grayish cerulean shoes with black stripes and white laces.
*Sylvia - A pale light grayish cerulean Zbornak who is Wander's best friend and steed with black eyes, a brilliant raspberry mane, a black saddle, a brilliant raspberry blanket with light brilliant gold lining, and a black rein with light brilliant gold buttons.
*Lord Hater - A white Skeletal with light brilliant gold lightning bolt horns, black eyes with luminous vivid green sclera, a strong red and black robe, light brilliant gold gloves, and black shoes with white soles and laces.
*Commander Peepers - A light orchid Watchdog with a black eye with strong red iris and white sclera, a grayish tangelo eyelid, a black helmet with a light brilliant gold lightning bolt point, a black uniform with a strong red lightning bolt insignia, strong red gloves, and strong red shoes.
*Dorothy - Sylvia's very light persian blue mother with black eyes with moderate fuchsia eye shadow, a moderate azure mane, a white pearl necklace, and a pink and white apron.
*Bill - Sylvia's moderate arctic blue brother with black eyes with moderate azure blue eyelids, a moderate vermilion mane, and a moderate red undershirt with light spring budish gray stripes on the shoulders as well as light spring budish gray and opalish gray bandages and black arm wrists.

## References
Elwood Hillis

**Elwood Haynes** "**Bud**" **Hillis** (March 6, 1926 – January 4, 2023) was an American politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1971 through 1987 as a Republican.
Hillis served in the United States Army in the European Theater with the rank of first lieutenant from 1944 to 1946. He retired from the Reserves in 1954 with rank of captain in the infantry.
Bud Hillis was a younger brother to renowned choral director Margaret Hillis. Their father, Glen R. Hillis, was the Republican nominee for Governor of Indiana in 1940, losing by less than 4,000 votes. His maternal grandfather and namesake, Elwood Haynes, was an inventor and automobile pioneer.

Hillis was a resident of Windsor, Colorado. He died on January 4, 2023, at the age of 96.
## References
## Other websites
*
Carrie Meek

**Carrie Pittman Meek** (April 29, 1926 &ndash; November 28, 2021) was an American politician. She served as the Democratic politician from the U.S. state of Florida in the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2003. She represented Florida's 17th congressional district.

She was elected to the Florida House as a Democrat in 1979, and served until 1982.

Meek died at her home in Miami, Florida on November 28, 2021 at the age of 95.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Dick Nichols

**Richard Nichols** (April 29, 1926 &ndash; March 7, 2019) was an American politician. He was a one-term U.S. Representative from Kansas serving from 1991 to 1993 as a Republican.

In 1986, Nichols was stabbed by a man aboard the Staten Island Ferry while a tourist with his wife in New York City. He fully recovered from his wounds and was visited by Mayor Ed Koch in the hospital.

Nichols was elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Second Congress (January 3, 1991–January 3, 1993), representing Kansas's 5th congressional district. He narrowly beat future FDIC Chairwoman Sheila Bair in the Republican primary.

Nichols died at his home in McPherson, Kansas on March 7, 2019 from respiratory failure at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Earl Hutto

**Earl Dewitt Hutto** (May 12, 1926 &ndash; December 14, 2020) was an American politician and former sportcaster. He was a U.S. Representative from Florida's 1st congressional district, repeatedly re-elected and serving from 1979 to 1995. He did not run in 1994.  Republican Joe Scarborough won the congressional seat thst year.

Hutto was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1972 and was reelected in 1974 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the 96th and to the seven succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1979 to January 3, 1995. He was not a candidate in 1994 for reelection to the 104th Congress.

Hutto died on December 14, 2020 in Pensacola, Florida at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
Himalayacetus

***Himalayacetus*** is an extinct aquatic cetacean known from fossils found in the Himachal Pradesh, India. It lived in the remnants of the ancient Tethys Ocean during the early Eocene.  This extends the fossil record of whales by some 3.5 million years.

*Himalayacetus* lived in the coastline of the ancient Tethys Ocean before the Indian plate collided with Eurasia. It is only known from a single jaw fossil, which makes exact comparisons with other cetaceans almost impossible.

## References
Joseph P. Kolter

**Joseph Paul "Joe" Kolter** (September 3, 1926 &ndash; September 8, 2019) was an American politician and convicted fraudster. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives for Pennsylvania serving from 1969 to 1982.

He was elected as a Democrat to the 98th and to the four succeeding Congresses serving from January 3, 1983, to January 3, 1993. He was defeated in the 1992 Democratic primary by Ron Klink.

Kolter was implicated in the Congressional Post Office scandal, that also involved Illinois Congressman Dan Rostenkowski. He was indicted and sentenced to 6 months in prison.

Kolter died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on September 8, 2019 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Austin Murphy

**Austin John Murphy** (June 17, 1927 &ndash; April 13, 2024) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from 1977 to 1995.

Murphy started his political career as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, where he served from 1959 to 1971. He then served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1971 to 1977. 

In 1976, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, replacing longtime incumbent Thomas E. Morgan. He served as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1984 and 1988.

Murphy died on April 13, 2024 in Carroll Township, Pennsylvania at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
 Retrieved on 2008-02-15
*
*
*
Douglas Applegate

**Earl Douglas "Doug" Applegate, Jr.** (March 27, 1928 &ndash; August 7, 2021) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. Applegate was a Democrat. He ran for President of the United States in the Democratic Party primaries for the 1988 presidential election.

By 1994, Applegate had served almost two decades in the House, and opted to retire.  He was succeeded by Bob Ney.

Applegate died on August 7, 2021 in Spring Hill, Florida, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Keilor, Victoria

**Keilor** is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and was inhabited by the aboriginal Wurundjeri people for over 40,000 years prior to the arrival of European settlers in 1803.

Keilor has a population of 16,468 people.

## References
Luo Fu (poet)

**Mo Yun-tuan** (; 11 May 1928 – 19 March 2018), known by the pen name **Luo Fu** (), was a Taiwanese writer and poet. He was born in Hengyang, Republic of China. 

In Taiwan, Mo published several collections of poetry. Mo and his contemporary Yu Kwang-chung were described as the Gemini of Chinese poetry, in reference to the constellation depicting the mythological twins Castor and Pollux. Mo left Taiwan for Canada in 1995. He died of respiratory failure on 19 March 2018 in Taipei, aged 89.

## References
Bud Brown

**Clarence J. "Bud" Brown Jr.** (June 18, 1927 &ndash; January 26, 2022) was an American publisher and politician. He was a Republican United States Representative from the 7th District of Ohio, serving from 1965 to 1983. 

Appointed by President Ronald Reagan, he also served as the United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce and Acting Secretary of Commerce, in total from 1983 to 1988.

He was the father of actor Clancy Brown.

Brown died on January 26, 2022 in Urbana, Ohio at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jan Meyers

**Janice Lenore "Jan" Meyers** (née **Crilly**; July 20, 1928 &ndash; June 21, 2019) was an American politician. She was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. She was a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Kansas serving from 1985 to 1997.

## Career 
From 1972 until 1984, she was a member of the Kansas Senate. In 1978, she ran for the United States Senate, but was defeated in a multi-candidate Republican primary which was won by Nancy Kassebaum.

## Personal life 
Meyers died on June 21, 2019 in Merriam, Kansas from problems caused by heart disease at the age of 90.

## References
Nancy Kassebaum

**Nancy Landon Kassebaum Baker** (born July 29, 1932) is an American politician. She represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1978 to 1997.  She is the daughter of Alf Landon, who was Governor of Kansas from 1933 to 1937 and the 1936 Republican nominee for president.

Kassebaum was married to former Senator and diplomat Howard Baker. She was the first woman ever elected to a full term in the Senate without her husband having previously served in Congress.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressional Biography
*
William Sheldrick Conover

**William Sheldrick Conover II** (August 27, 1928 – October 7, 2022) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from 1972 to 1973. He died on October 7, 2022.

## References
## Other websites
* The Political Graveyard
*
Alf Landon

**Alfred Mossman Landon** (September 9, 1887 &ndash; October 12, 1987) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as the 26th Governor of Kansas from 1933 to 1937.

Landon was the Republican Party’s nominee in the 1936 presidential election, but was defeated in a landslide by incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

President Reagan and Mrs. Reagan attended Landon's hundredth birthday party at his home in Topeka.   President Reagan described Landon as "the living soul of Kansas" and remarked, "You don't know what a joy it is to come to a birthday party of someone who in all honesty can call me a kid."

His daughter was U.S. Senator Nancy Kassebaum.

## References
## Other websites
*Alf Landon's Obituary (New York Times)
*Alfred M. Landon Lecture Series on Public Issues (Kansas State University) 
*Alf Landon and Social Security Reform by Nicholaus Mills, Dissent, Spring 2005.
James Nelligan

**James "Jim" Leo Nelligan** (born February 14, 1929) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from 1981 to 1983.

He was elected in 1980 as a Republican to the 97th United States Congress but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1982.  After his term in Congress he became the Deputy Secretary of Revenue of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, from 1983-85.

## Other websites
*
Dan Rostenkowski

**Daniel David Rostenkowski** (January 2, 1928 &ndash; August 11, 2010) was an American politician. He was a United States Representative from Chicago, serving from 1959 to 1995. He became one of the most powerful legislators in Washington, especially in matters of taxation, until he went to prison. A Democrat, Rostenkowski was for many years Democratic Committeeman of Chicago's 32nd Ward, retaining this position even while serving in Congress.

Rostenkowski's political career ended abruptly in 1994 when he pleaded guilty to charges of mail fraud and was fined and sentenced to 17 months in prison.

On August 11, 2010, Rostenkowski died from lung cancer at his summer home in Genoa City, Wisconsin at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*Public Affairs Report, Cal Berkeley
*Indictment of a Congressman; A Giant Void in Congress
*
*FBI Records: The Vault - Daniel David "Dan" Rostenkowski at fbi.gov
William F. Clinger Jr.

**William Floyd "Bill" Clinger Jr.** (April 4, 1929 &ndash; May 28, 2021) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from 1979 to 1997.

In addition, he served as vice chairman of the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and ranking member on the Subcommittee on Aviation.

Along with then-Senator William Cohen, Clinger co-authored the Information Technology Management Reform Act, also known as the Clinger-Cohen Act.

In October 2016, Clinger was one of thirty Republican ex-lawmakers to sign a public letter condemning GOP presidential nominee (and future president) Donald Trump as "manifestly unqualified to be president."

Clinger Jr. died on May 28, 2021 at his home in Naples, Florida at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Dick Schulze

**Richard Taylor "Dick" Schulze** (born August 7, 1929) is a Republican politician. He served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1993.

## Other websites
*Stennis Center for Public Service 
*The Political Graveyard

*
Skip Bafalis

**Louis Arthur "Skip" Bafalis** (September 28, 1929 – March 10, 2023) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 10th congressional district from 1973 to 1983.

## References
Adrian Lamo

**Adrian Lamo** (February 20, 1981 – March 14, 2018) was an American threat analyst and hacker. Lamo was known for breaking into several high-profile computer networks, including those of *The New York Times*, Yahoo!, and Microsoft, culminating in his 2003 arrest.

In 2010, Lamo reported U.S. soldier Chelsea Manning to Army criminal investigators, claiming that Manning had leaked hundreds of thousands of sensitive U.S. government documents to WikiLeaks.

Lamo died on March 14, 2018, in Wichita, Kansas, at the age of 37. His body was identified at a morgue on March 16, when his death was publicly announced. The cause is unknown.

## References
Ed Charles

**Edwin Douglas Charles** (April 29, 1933 – March 15, 2018) was an American professional baseball third baseman in Major League Baseball. He was a right-handed hitter, Charles played for the Kansas City Athletics (1962–67) and New York Mets (1967–69).

Charles died on March 15, 2018 in New York City at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
Keith O'Brien

'''Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien''' (17 March 1938 &ndash; 19 March 2018) was a Scottish Catholic cardinal. He was the Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh from 1985 to 2013.

O'Brien was opposed to homosexuality and same-sex marriage, which he described as "moral degradation".

O'Brien's resignation followed publication of allegations he had engaged in inappropriate and predatory sexual conduct with junior priests and student priests, also that he abused power. He stepped down as a result.

On 20 March 2015, the Vatican announced that though he remained a member of the College of Cardinals O'Brien would not exercise his rights or duties as a cardinal, in particular voting in papal conclaves. 

O'Brien died from complications of a fall on 19 March 2018 at a hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne at the age of 80.

## References
William J. Edwards

**William Jackson "Jack" Edwards** (September 20, 1928 &ndash; September 27, 2019) was an American politician. He was the former U.S. Republican politician, who represented Alabama in the  U.S. House of Representatives from 1965 until 1985.

In Congress, Edwards was known as one of the chamber's brightest conservatives, and was a strong critic of forced busing.  He was also known for good constituent service. He helped originate the *Gulf Coast Congressional Report*, a public-service program giving a local view of Capitol politics.

Edwards died of pancreatic cancer in Fairhope, Alabama on September 27, 2019 at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
John Bertrand Conlan

**John Bertrand Conlan** (September 17, 1930 &ndash; June 18, 2021) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He served as a State Senator from 1965 to 1972 and as a United States Representative from Arizona from 1973 to 1977.

Conlon served in the Arizona Senate from 1967 to 1973.

Conlon died on June 18, 2021 in Asheville, North Carolina at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Edward G. Biester Jr.

**Edward George Biester Jr.** (born January 5, 1931) is a retired Republican politician and judge. He served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, from 1967 to 1977.

## References
## Other websites
Connie Morella

**Constance Morella** (née Albanese; born February 12, 1931) is an American Republican politician. She represented  in the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 2003.  She also served as Permanent Representative to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2003 to 2007. 

Morella currently serves on American University's faculty as an Ambassador in Residence for the Women & Politics Institute. She was appointed to the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) by President Barack Obama in 2010.

## Other websites
* Constance A. Morella Papers at the University of Maryland Libraries 
* Faculty Profile
* 
* 
* FairVote.org: Maryland's Redistricting News March 16, 2001–October 18, 2001
Arlen Erdahl

**Arlen Ingolf Erdahl**  (February 27, 1931 – September 21, 2023) was an American politician. He served as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1963 to 1970, Minnesota Secretary of State from 1971–1975 and was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota, serving the first district from 1979–1983, in the 96th and 97th congresses. He died on September 21, 2023, at the age of 92.

## References
Bill Burlison

**Bill D. Burlison**, (March 15, 1931 &ndash; March 17, 2019), was an American politician who has held office in Missouri and Maryland. He is a Democrat.  He represented Missouri as a member of the U. S. Congress starting with the Ninety-first United States Congress in 1969 until he was defeated in a bid for a seventh-term by Bill Emerson in 1980.

Four months after entering the race for Congress in the 3rd District in the 2006 election, Burlison withdrew his candidacy on November 3, 2005. 

On February 23, 2016, he filed to run for the Missouri Senate against incumbent Republican Doug Libla, and was unopposed in the Democratic primary. On November 8, 2016, Libla won re-election with 69.35% of the vote.

Burlison died at his home in Wardell, Missouri on March 17, 2019 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*Bill D. Burlison County Council Bio
*Burlison Biography from Congressional Bioguide
*County Councilman Burlison runs again for Congress, Annapolis Capital, 7/6/2005
John E. Cunningham

**John Edward "Jack" Cunningham III** (March 27, 1931 – March 28, 2025) was an American politician. He was a former Republican U.S. Representative from Washington's seventh district.

Cunningham served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1973 to 1975, and in the Washington Senate from 1975 to 1977.

Cunningham was elected as a Republican to the seventh district vacancy in a special election when U.S. Representative Brock Adams resigned to become Secretary of Transportation. However his victory in this extremely liberal district was more the result of confusion with Adams resignation. Cunningham lost reelection in 1978, and served from May 17, 1977 – January 3, 1979.

Cunningham died March 28, 2025, one week after his 94th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
* Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
George Gekas

**George William Gekas** (April 14, 1930 &ndash; December 16, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He represented the state's 17th Congressional district from 1983 to 2003, when he was unseated in a major upset.

Undaunted by his unexpected defeat, Gekas was elected to the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1976 and was reelected in 1980.

Pennsylvania lost two districts after the 2000 census. One of the districts that was eliminated was the Reading-based 6th District, represented by five-term moderate-to-conservative Democrat Tim Holden.

Gekas died on December 16, 2021 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*George Gekas on the issues
*The Political Graveyard
Walter E. Powell

**Walter Eugene Powell** (April 25, 1931 – January 17, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as a U.S. representative from Ohio from 1971 to 1975. 

Powell began his career as the city clerk of Fairfield, Ohio in 1956. He became a member of Fairfield City Council in 1958. In 1960, Powell successfully ran for the Ohio House of Representatives.  He was reelected in 1962, and 1964. 

## Other websites
*
Bill Clay

**William Lacy Clay Sr.** (April 30, 1931 &ndash; July 17, 2025) was an American politician from Missouri.  As Congressman from Missouri's First District, he represented portions of St. Louis in the U.S. House of Representatives for 32 years.

Clay was elected to the House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1968.  He became an advocate for environmentalism, labor issues, and social justice.

Poplar Street Bridge, which connects St. Louis, Missouri, and East St. Louis, Illinois, was renamed on October 7, 2013, **Congressman William L. Clay Sr. Bridge**.

Clay died on July 17, 2025 at his daughter's home in Adelphi, Maryland at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* Biographic sketch at U.S. Congress website
* The History Makers 
* The William L. Clay Scholarship and Research Fund
*
Austin serial bombings

The **Austin serial bombings** were a series of five parcel bomb explosions which occurred from March 2 - 20, 2018 in Austin, Texas, United States. They killed two civilians and the bomber, as well as injuring another six people.

The suspected bomber was Mark Anthony Conditt, age 23, who lived in Pflugerville, Texas, outside Austin.

## Background
The Austin Police Department (APD) believe the explosions were connected and considered the possibility that they are racially motivated. They have also warned civilians to not open suspicious packages, and to call the police.

Austin police officially connected the March 2 bombing following the bombings on March 12. None of the packages were mailed, instead they were placed near the individuals' homes. Two of the bombs were triggered upon being picked up, another was triggered upon being opened, and the fourth bombing was suspected to be activated by tripwire.

On March 2, 2018, 39-year-old Anthony Stephan House was killed by picking up an apparent package bomb at his home. Then, on March 13, 2018, the bombings killed 17-year-old cellist Draylen Mason. 

Authorities first offered a reward of $65,000 for information leading to an arrest and conviction of the bomber or bombers. They later raised the reward to $115,000.

## Reaction
On March 20, 2018, President Donald Trump said at the White House: "This is obviously a very, very sick individual, or maybe individuals...These are sick people, and we have to find them as soon as possible". 

## Death of the bomber
Early on March 21, Mark Anthony Conditt was identified by investigators via security footage taken at a FedEx store, and police moved in to make an arrest. As SWAT officers approached, he detonated a bomb in the vehicle, killing himself and injuring one of them, prompting other officers to fire upon the vehicle.

## List of bombings
;Notes

## References
Alexej von Jawlensky

**Alexej von Jawlensky** (13 March, 1864 – 15 March 1941) was a Russian painter. He first studied art in Russia but he spent most of his career in Germany. He painted in the Expressionist style and was particularly known for his portraits. He also painted landscapes and still lifes.

## Life and career
Jawlensky was born in Torzhok, a town in the western part of Russia. His father, Georgi von Jawlensky, was a colonel in the Imperial Russian Army. Like his four brothers, Jawlenskywas became an officer in the army. He studied at the military academy in Moscow, but was very interested in art. He studied art privately while he was serving as a soldier. In 1890 he was accepted at the St. Petersburg Academy of Art. He received permission from the army to study art there while still serving as a soldier. He became friends with artists who worked in the studio of Ilya Repin.

In 1896, Jawlensky resigned from the army. He went to Munich in Germany to study art and begin his career as a painter. In Munich he lived with Marianne von Werefkin. She was a painter who studied with Repin. He studied with Anton Ažbe in Munich. He also became friends with Wassily Kandinsky. Kandinsky became an important influence on  Jawlensky's art. In 1902 Jawlensky's son Andreas was born. His mother was Hélène Nesnakomoff (1881-1965). She was Marianne von Werefkin's maid in Russia and then lived with her and Jawlensky in Munich. In 1905–1906 Jawlensky travelled to Paris for an exhibition of his paintings. In Paris he met Henri Matisse. Matisse became another important influence on Jawlensky's painting style. World War I began in 1914. Jawlensky was expelled from Germany because Russia was one of the countries fighting against Germany. He went to live in Switzerland.

Portrait of Helene by Alexej von Jawlensky, 1900.jpg|*Portrait of Helene* (1900), oil on canvas
Jawlensky Carantec.jpg|*Wheat field near Carantec*  (1905), oil on cardboard
Alexei Jawlensky - Young Girl with a Flowered Hat, 1910 - Google Art Project.jpg|*Young Girl with a Flowered Hat* (1910), oil on cardboard
Alexej von Jawlensky - Stillleben mit Kanne.jpg|*Still Life with Jug*, (1913), oil on cardboard
Abstract Head--Autumn and Dying by Alexei Jawlensky, 1923.jpg|*Abstract Head: Autumn and Dying* (1923), oil on board

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Video lecture on Jawlensky's *Young Girl with a Flowered Hat*
*
Windows NT 3.51

**Windows NT 3.51** is an operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released on May 30, 1995, nine months after Windows NT 3.5 and two months before Windows 95. It is part of the Windows NT family and Windows NT 3.5x. It is the final version of Windows 3.x. Windows NT 3.51 was the first version of a short line of Windows NT available for the PowerPC architecture. It is the third Windows NT version.
Ruble

The **ruble** or **rouble** is (or was) a currency unit of some countries in Eastern Europe. Originally, the ruble was the currency unit of Imperial Russia and then the Soviet Union (as the Soviet ruble). 

It is currently the currency unit of Russia (as the Russian ruble and Byelorussia (as the Byelorussian ruble). The Russian ruble is also used in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. 

In the past, several other countries influenced by Russia and the Soviet Union had currency units that were also named rubles. One ruble is divided into 100 **kopeks**, and 100 rubles make a **palochka**.
Interpretatio graeca

**Interpretatio graeca** (Latin: "interpretation by means of Greek [models]") is how the religious concepts and practices, deities, and myths of Ancient Greece were used to interpret or attempt to understand the mythology and religion of other cultures. The term **interpretatio romana** (first coined by the Roman historian Tacitus in his book *Germania*), refers to the process as it was used by the Romans. Results of this process included using the names of deities as epithets for others, and identifying them in accordance with their various roles and functions.

## References
Katie Boyle

**Katie Boyle, Lady Saunders** (born **Caterina Irene Elena Maria Imperiali di Francavilla**; 29 May 1926 – 20 March 2018) was an Italian-born British actress, television personality, and game-show panelist. She was well known for appearing on TV panel games such as ''What's My Line?'' and for presenting the Eurovision Song Contest four times in the 1960s and 1970s.

Boyle died on 20 March 2018 at her Manchester home at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Katie Boyle's appearance on This Is Your Life
Sudan (rhinoceros)

**Sudan** (1973 – March 19, 2018) was a captive northern white rhinoceros who lived at the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Laikipia, Kenya.

He was known for being one of only three living northern white rhinoceroses in the world, and the last known male of his subspecies. Sudan was euthanised on March 19, 2018, after suffering from "age-related complications".

## References
Michael Bilirakis

**Michael Bilirakis** (born July 16, 1930) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives since 1983 until 2007, representing the 9th District of Florida.

In August 2009, Bilirakis was added to Governor Charlie Crist's short list to Replace U.S. Senator Mel Martinez.

## References
Barkat Gourad Hamadou

**Barkat Gourad Hamadou** (Arabic: بركات غوراد حمادو) (1 January 1930 – 18 March 2018) was a Djiboutian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Djibouti from 2 October 1978 until 7 March 2001. He was born in Dikhil Region, French Somaliland. He resigned in 2001 due to health problems.

Hamadou died on 18 March 2018 in Paris of complications from heart disease, aged 88.

## References
Franz Pacher

, Austria]]
**Franz Pacher** (28 April 1919 – 3 March 2018) was an Austrian engineer and pioneer. He was born in Prostřední Suchá, present-day Czech Republic. He worked of modern tunneling, who was one of three men notable as the chief developers of the New Austrian Tunneling method.

Pacher died in Salzburg, Austria on 3 March 2018 at the age of 98.

## References
Robert Langlands

**Robert Phelan Langlands** (; born October 6, 1936) is a Canadian mathematician. He is best known as the founder of the Langlands program that results connecting representation theory and automorphic forms to the study of Galois groups in number theory, for which he received the 2018 Abel Prize. 

He is an emeritus professor and occupies Albert Einstein's office at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.

## References
David Benton

**David C. Benton** (born 29 October 1957) is a British nurse and former chief executive officer of International Council of Nurses. He served in this capacity between 2008 to 2015. He took over from Judith Oulton and before his appointment, he was a senior consultant in the same organisation.
He is a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing and Royal College of Nursing. 

## References
Lee H. Hamilton

**Lee Herbert Hamilton** (April 20, 1931 &ndash; February 3, 2026) was an American politician.

Hamilton was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1965 until 1999. He was a member of the U.S. Homeland Security Advisory Council. A member of the Democratic Party, Hamilton represented the 9th congressional district of Indiana. 

Following his retirement from Congress, he worked for many governmental advisory boards. He was the vice chairman of the 9/11 Commission.

Hamilton died in Bloomington, Indiana on February 3, 2026 at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars wilsoncenter.org
* Lee Hamilton Biography and Resources wilsoncenter.org
* Iraq Study Group  usip.org
* Voting record maintained by the Washington Post washingtonpost.com
* Stonewalled by the C.I.A. Op-Ed piece co-authored with Thomas Kean in the edition of January 2, 2008 of the New York Times (accessed January 2, 2008)
* Hamilton, Lee H. How Congress Works and Why You Should Care. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
* Hamilton, Lee H. Strengthening Congress. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.
* 
** C-SPAN *Q&A* interview with Hamilton, January 8, 2006
* A Legacy of Honor:The Congressional Papers of Lee H. Hamilton. Lilly Library, Bloomington, IN
Mary L. Good

**Mary Lowe Good** (June 20, 1931 &ndash; November 20, 2019) was an American inorganic chemist. She worked academically, in industrial research and in government. 

Good was known for her works in the understanding of catalysts such as ruthenium which activate or speed up chemical reactions. 

From April 3, 1996 to April 12, 1996, Good was acting United States Secretary of Commerce until Mickey Kantor was sworn-in. 

Good won many major awards including the Garvan–Olin Medal, the Othmer Gold Medal, the  Priestley Medal, and the Vannevar Bush Award.

Good died at her home in Little Rock, Arkansas, on November 20, 2019, at the age of 88.

## References
Arden L. Bement Jr.

**Arden Lee Bement Jr.** (born May 22, 1932) is an American engineer and scientist. He has served in executive positions in government, industry and academia . He is a former Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Advanced Technology, Chief Technical Officer of TRW, Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).  

Following the end of his six-year term at NSF, on June 1, 2010 he became the founding director of the Global Policy Research Institute and Chief Global Affairs officer at Purdue University.

## Other websites
*Biography on the NSF website
*Press release about Purdue GPRI appointment
Rita R. Colwell

**Rita Rossi Colwell** (born November 23, 1934) is an American environmental microbiologist and scientific administrator. Colwell holds degrees in bacteriology, genetics, nography and studies infectious diseases. Colwell is the founder and Chair of CosmosID, a bioinformatics company.

From 1998 to 2004, she was the 11th Director of the National Science Foundation. Rita Colwell won the 2015 Mahathir Science Award for studying the bacteria that cause cholera.

## References
Anton Ažbe

**Anton Ažbe** (30 May 1862 – 5/6 August 1905) was a Slovene painter and teacher of painting. He painted in the realist style. Less than 30 of his paintings and drawings survive. The National Gallery of Slovenia in Ljubljana holds most of his works. He was most famous for his private painting school which he opened in Munich in 1892. Many foreign students came to study with him including Alexej von Jawlensky and Wassily Kandinsky.

## Life and career
Anton Ažbe and his twin brother Alois were born to a peasant family in Dolenčice, a small village in Slovenia. Their father died of tuberculosis when the boys were seven years old. Their mother had a very bad mental illness. She could not look after the farm or take care of the boys. A guardian took care of them. Anton had very poor health. He did not grow like a healthy child. He remained very short all his life. He also had problems with his spine and his legs. His guardian sent him to Klagenfurt as an apprentice to a merchant. After five years Ažbe ran away. He went to Ljubljana. In Ljubljana he met the painter Janez Wolf. He helped Wolf paint frescos in churches.

## Gallery

Anton Ažbe - Portret deklice.jpg|*Portrait of a Girl* (1885), oil on board
Anton Ažbe 1886 Study of a man.jpg|*Study of a Man* (1886), charcoal on paper
Anton Ažbe 1888 Half nude.jpg|*Half Nude*  (1888), oil on canvas
Anton Ažbe 1889 Bavarian man.jpg|*Bavarian Man* (1889), oil on canvas

## References
## Other websites
*Anton Ažbe collection at the National Gallery of Slovenia
*
Hasan Celal Güzel

**Hasan Celal Güzel** (1945, Gaziantep – 19 March 2018) was a Turkish journalist and politician. He was Minister of Education, Youth and Sport (1987 - 1989). He was leader of the Rebirth Party in the 1990s, a party he co-founded in 1992. He has been a columnist for *Radikal* and *Vatan*.

## References
Martha Keys

**Martha Elizabeth Keys** (August 10, 1930 &ndash; December 19, 2024) was an American politician. She was a Democratic politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Kansas from 1975 to 1979.

She was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives from Manhattan, Kansas in 1974 and served two terms before being defeated for reelection in 1978.  While serving in the House of Representatives, Keys and her husband divorced, and she was remarried to fellow Congressman Andrew Jacobs, Jr. They separated in 1981 and eventually divorced.

Keys's sister, Lee Keys, is married to former U.S. Senator and presidential candidate Gary Hart.

Keys died on December 19, 2024 in Locust Grove, Virginia at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*Women in Congress: Martha Keys 
*
Andy Ireland

**Andrew Poysell "Andy" Ireland** (August 23, 1930 &ndash; October 20, 2024) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Florida serving from 1977 to 1993.

Ireland died in Sarasota, Florida, on October 20, 2024, at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
*The Washington Post Members of Congress / Andy Ireland
Alec G. Olson

**Alec Gehard Olson** (born September 11, 1930) is an American politician. He is a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives and a former state senator. He was the 40th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. 

Olson was born in Mamre Township in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota.

Olson served in the U.S. House of Representatives from January 3, 1963, to January 3, 1967, during the 88th and 89th congresses. He lost when he ran for re-election in 1966.

## References
## Other websites
*Minnesota Historical Society: Alec Olson Profile
Ivan Silayev

**Ivan Stepanovich Silayev** (; 21 October 1930  —  8 February 2023) was a Soviet politician. He became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He served as Premier of the Soviet Union through the offices of chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee and chairman of the Committee on the Operational Management of the Soviet economy from 6 September to 26 December 1991. 

On 18 December 1991 Silayev became the Permanent Representative of Russia to the European Community in Brussels.

On 26 September 2002 Silayev became Chairman of the Russian Union of Mechanical Engineers. His wife died on 18 March 2006. During the 2007 legislative election Silayev ran as a candidate for the Agrarian Party, but failed to get elected.

Silayev died on 8 February 2023, at the age of 92.

## References
## Books
*
Jacqueline Scott

**Jacqueline Scott** (January 1, 1932 &ndash; July 23, 2020) was an American actress who appeared frequently in movies and television throughout the 1950s through 1980s. 

She was called "The Youngest Old-Timer in the Business" because she appeared opposite several of the most well-known male actors of her day. She was featured in such major sitcoms as *The Twilight Zone*, *Gunsmoke*, *The Fugitive*, and *Perry Mason*.

Smith died on July 23, 2020 in Los Angeles, aged 89.

## References