open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Border guard

**Border guards** are people usually paid by a government (and often part of the army), whose job is to prevent people from illegally crossing the border, and stop the smuggling of illegal items such as drugs and weapons.

## Border guard duties 
Duties of border guards include:
* Stopping illegal smuggling operations such as drugs and weapons
* Stopping people or groups who are not allowed to cross the border.
* Rescue lost people in the desert and other dangerous border regions.
* Early reporting of any suspicious movement of the army behind the borders of neighboring countries.
* Environmental conservation in the border area.
* Exchange all types of information and cooperate with other national and counterpart agencies in other countries, as well as with international organizations specializing in migration, border control, customs control, sanitary control, phytosanitary control, and security, to assist in the implementation of actions against the illicit trafficking of migrants, the illicit trafficking of animals of all kinds, smuggling, human trafficking, crimes related to transnational organized crime, terrorism, the illegal trafficking of arms and explosives, corruption, drug trafficking, and the diversion of dual-use goods and other related activities for illegal purposes.

* Systematic and permanent observation of the State's border area, from land, sea, or air, by visual, electronic, or other modern means of surveillance and protection, with the purpose of detecting, alerting, and/or preventing potential violations of the international boundary; this also entails the verification and reporting on the maintenance and upkeep of border markers.

Sometimes the border guard includes a coast guard to guard borders in the sea and conduct rescue missions at sea.

* It exercises the functions of controlling and protecting national sovereignty, territorial integrity, public order, and security of national borders. 
* Early reporting of any suspicious movement of the army behind the borders of neighboring countries.
* Environmental co

## Border guards in West Asia and North Africa 
 belonging to the Royal Oman Police. ]]

In the West Asia and North Africa, border guards use some transport and tactics specific to the local environment.

**Camel riding**: Camel-riding border guards is useful because of the difficulty of the desert climate and the roughness of the roads that cars cannot drive on, especially in the narrow mountain paths. These individuals are usually from the same environment as the place where they are serving.

**Trackers**: Some guards are Bedouins who are trained from an early age to track and identify people from footprints and other traces that may be hidden from the untrained eye.

## Border guards in popular culture 
Border guards caught the attention of Egyptian filmmakers, and several Egyptian movies are about border guards:
* Hawk's Eye (عين الصقر) starring Nour El-Sherif.
* Aboud on the Border (عبود على الحدود) starring Alaa Waly El-Din.

## Related pages 
* Armed forces
* Coast guard
* 
*  
* Australian Federal Police

## References
Benj Pasek

**Benj Pasek** (born June 9, 1985) is an American composer and lyricist. He is best known for writing 
songs for movies such as *La La Land* (2016) and *The Greatest Showman* (2017), and the Broadway musical *Dear Evan Hansen*. He is known for writing songs with Justin Paul. They also wrote songs for the Hulu show *Only Murders in the Building*.

With Paul, Pasek became the 20th/21st person to win the EGOT, which is for someone who has won the Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Awards.

## References
The Audience (2013 play)

***The Audience*** is a play by the British playwright and screenwriter Peter Morgan. The play is about the weekly meetings, called audiences, between Queen Elizabeth II and her prime ministers. 

It premiered in the West End in 2013. A Broadway version opened in 2015.

A television version of the play soon became a series on Netflix known as *The Crown*.

## References
Paolo Savona

**Paolo Savona** (born 6 October 1936) is an Italian economist, professor, and politician. He was born in Cagliari, Italy. Savona was the Italian Minister of European Affairs from 1 June 2018 until 8 March 2019. He is a Eurosceptic. From 1993 to 1993, Savona was the Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship.

In 2018, Savona was nominated to serve as Minister of Economy and Finance by the Five Star Movement. However, the nomination did not go through because President Sergio Mattarella was against it.

## References
Law enforcement agency

A **law enforcement agency** (**LEA**) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction, through the employment and deployment of  and their resources. 

The most common type of law enforcement agency is the police, but there are also other types including organisations that focus on specific legal violation, or are run by a particular authority.

They typically have various  and legal rights to allow them to enforce the law, like the power of arrest  and the .

, headquarters of the Metropolitan Police, the law enforcement agency of London, England.]]
's West Valley Area Police Station. The LAPD operates approximately 21 such stations divided across Los Angeles; this one covers policing in the San Fernando Valley. ]]

## International and multinational 
 that are members of  ]]

Sometimes groups of countries team up to enforced the law. One examples of this is Europol.

### Federal 
. ]]
 location. ]]

Some countries are a federation of multiple states, the states team up to form a .

Examples:
* Argentine Federal Police (Argentina)
* Australian Federal Police (Australia)
* Federal Police of Brazil (Brazil)
* Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Canada)
* Bundespolizei (Germany)
* Mexican Federal Police (Mexico)
* Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal Protective Service, United States Park Police (United States)
* Central Bureau of Investigation (India)

### National 
 Prefectural police officers with their police cars. Japanese police are managed and coordinated by the , and divided into agencies for their respective prefectures. ]]

## State law enforcement agencies 
 officers on  ]]

## Military 
. ]]

Military organizations often have law enforcement units. These units within armed forces are generally referred to as 

## Related pages 
* Sheriff
* Police

## Other websites 
* *Berlin: Metropolis of crime 1918 - 1933* Part 1 , Part 2  (warning: graphic depiction of murder and other violence), a Deutsche Welle English television documentary comprehensively depicting a major European police force and its methods, investigations, and political activities during the early 20th century
Kwame Owusu-Ansah

**Kwame Owusu-Ansah (or John William Kwame Owusu Ansah),** was from Ghana. He was born on December 9, 1967, and died on May 2, 2008. He worked as a radio broadcaster, actor, poet, Public Relations Consultant, and teacher. He was well-known in Ghanaian movies and worked with Nigerian actors. He also worked as the Media Director for Madhaus Incorporation, which is part of FNT Group.

Before that, he was the Public Relations Officer for Asante Kotoko from 2004 to 2005. He was also a special assistant to the club's former CEO, Major Yaw Larson.

## Filmography 
Movies and TV shows he was in:

* *A Stab in the Dark* (1999)
* *The Visitor*
* *Frozen Emotion (2006)*
* *The Mighty One (2007) - Antwi*

## Death 
He died on May 2, 2008, from injuries he got in a car accident on the Tema Motorway in Accra.

## Scene at his memorial service 
At his memorial service on June 14, 2008, a woman who was not his mother, Madam Victoria Cosmos Gonsalves, who comes from Atsiavi in the Volta region claimed that Kwame was her son. This woman, Miss Koffie, from Cape Coast, made a scene outside the church, saying Kwame was her child. She told a radio station she had proof that Kwame was her son. When asked how she knew Kwame’s father, Miss Koffie said they met at Burma Camp because they both lived there—she was in a brigade, and Kwame’s father was in the military. A week after Kwame was buried, on June 28, 2008, his family held a press conference and said that the woman's claims were not true.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Maggie Goodlander

**Margaret Vivian Goodlander** (born November 4, 1986) is an American attorney and politician who is the U.S. representative from New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district since 2025. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
## Early life
Goodlander was born in November 1986 and was raised in Nashua, New Hampshire. 

Goodlander received her Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in history from Yale College in 2009 and then attended Yale Law School, where she received her Juris Doctor (J.D.) in 2016.

She also taught constitutional law at Dartmouth College and the University of New Hampshire.

Goodlander served as Counsel to the United States House of Representative Committee on the Judiciary, where she helped develop the first articles of impeachment against then-President Donald Trump.  

## Political career
In June 2024, Goodlander announced her candidacy for the United States House of Representatives for New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district in the 2024 election. She won the Democratic nomination in September 2024. She won the general election in November 2024. In 2023, Goodlander gave birth to a stillborn at a hotel room.

## References
Kojo Dadson

**Emmanuel Kojo Dadson** (1953 – February 9, 2021) was a famous actor, director, producer, and musician from Ghana.

Kojo Dadson was born in a family that loved the arts. He grew up in Accra and went to good schools there. When he was eight, he moved with his siblings to London and went to Grenville College in Southwest England. This school helped him a lot with his career.

From a young age, he was very interested in acting, joining school plays and activities that improved his skills. His education helped him later in the entertainment industry.

He is well-known for acting and directing movies and TV shows like *Home Sweet Home**, Sun City,* and *Run Baby Run*. He was famous for his funny and comedic acting. In 2012, he had a stroke while acting. He died on February 9, 2021, at the age of 68.

## Acting career and breakthrough 
Kojo Dadson was an actor who appeared in many shows and movies like:

* *Love Brewed In An African Pot*
* *Run Baby Run (2007) as Enoch Sarpong Snr.*
* *Home Sweet Home* (2012) as Enoch
* *Sun City (2003-2005) as Mr. Okpoti Aryee*
* *Hotel St. James*
* *Doctor Love (2012) as Dr. Love*
* *Location Africa (1987)*
* *and many others*.

He became very famous in Ghana through the TV show *Home Sweet Home*. In this show, he played a father, and many people loved his performance. The show was a big hit in the early 2000s, and it made Dadson well-known as a talented and loved actor. He was good at playing many different roles, which made him popular in both TV and movies.

In 2012, while he was acting, he had a stroke. The stroke made it hard for him to speak and left him needing a wheelchair. Later, when he couldn’t move around much, he also became a musician.

## Honours and recognition 
Dadson was honored at the Ghana Actors and Entertainers Awards (GAEA). He received a Legendary award, along with six other veteran actors, including Grace Omaboe. They got plaques, certificates, and some money for their contributions to the movie and entertainment industry in Ghana.

## Health challenges and resilience 
Later in his life, Kojo Dadson had serious health problems. In 2012, he had a stroke that left him partly paralyzed. Even though he was sick, he worked hard to get better and stayed involved in the entertainment industry, though he appeared less often. His fight with illness and his strong spirit showed how determined he was.''''*

## Legacy and contributions 
Kojo Dadson made a big impact on Ghanaian entertainment. He is remembered for his acting and his work in improving TV and film in Ghana. He helped shape modern Ghanaian cinema and his work will be remembered for a long time.

## Death 
Dadson died on February 9, 2021, at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra.

## Related pages 
* Rama Brew
* *Home Sweet Home'' (Ghanaian TV series)

## References 
## Other websites 
*
CBS Radio

**CBS Radio** was a radio broadcasting company and radio network operator. It was owned by CBS Corporation and founded in 1928, with consolidated radio station groups owned by CBS and Westinghouse Broadcasting/Group W since the 1920s, and Infinity Broadcasting since the 1970s. The broadcasting company was sold to Audacy, Inc. on November 17, 2017.

The CBS company is owned by Paramount Skydance It came under that ownership in 2025.
One More Time, One More Chance

"**One More Time, One More Chance**" is a song by Japanese singer Masayoshi Yamazaki. It was released on January 22, 1997 on the Polydor Japan label. It reached No. 18 on Oricon weekly singles chart and was on the chart for 24 weeks.

## Track listing
All lyrics/music/vocals by Masayoshi Yamazaki

## Notes
## References
Grimaldi's Pizzeria

'''Grimaldi's Pizzeria'''  is an American pizzeria chain from the New York City area. It has over 40 restaurants throughout the United States. Its most famous restaurant is under the Brooklyn Bridge in Brooklyn at 1 Front Street, next door to its original location. It was founded in 1990.

## References
Hyloxalus picachos

***Hyloxalus picachos*** is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home
Scientists have seen this frog on the ground in forests on hills and in low places. They have seen the frog in forests that were gone and are growing back, near streams. They did not see this frog in grassy places next to forests. Scientists saw this frog between 200 and 1600 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog in one protected park: Parque Nacional Cordillera los Picachos.

## Young
The tadpoles swim in streams.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. One problem is that the places where the frog lives are small and far apart because people cut down natural forest to build tree farms where cows can eat grass.

## References
Nemesis (star)

**Nemesis** is a hypothetical red dwarf to be orbiting the Sun at a distance of about 95,000 AU (1.5 light-years), This star would have separated from this binary system more than four billion years ago, meaning it could not be what made the cycle of mass extinctions.

Later, geologists found there was a cycle of extinctions, but it was twice as long. However, in 2011, scientists checked at craters and found there was no pattern. 

There were many attempts to find Nemesis. The Infared Astronomical Satellite, launched in the 1980s, was not able to find it. The 2MASS astronomical survey, which ran from 1997 to 2001, did not see another star or brown dwarf in the Solar System. Using newer and more powerful infrared telescope technology that can find brown dwarfs as cold as 150 kelvins out to a distance of 10 light-years from the Sun, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE survey) has not found Nemesis.

## References
Beetlejuice Beetlejuice

***Beetlejuice Beetlejuice*** is a 2024 American dark fantasy comedy horror movie directed by Tim Burton. It is a sequel to *Beetlejuice* (1988). It stars Michael Keaton, Winona Ryder, Catherine O'Hara, Justin Theroux, Monica Bellucci, Jenna Ortega, and Willem Dafoe.

*Beetlejuice Beetlejuice* opened the 81st Venice International Film Festival on August 28, 2024. It was released in theaters by Warner Bros. Pictures on September 6, 2024 to positive reviews.

## References
HE0107-5240

**HE0107-5240** is a Population II star that has almost no metal. This kind of star is called a metal-poor star. It is close to  away from Earth. It is one of the most metal-poor stars known in our galaxy, with a metallicity of -5.2; This means it has just  of the metal that the Sun has. Because of its very low metallicity, it is believed to be one of the earliest Population II stars to have formed. If so, then it is also very old, with an age of roughly 13 billion years. Because the star still has a bit of metal, it does not belong to the first generation of stars (the hypothetical Population III). These stars changed the pure hydrogen, helium, and lithium formed by the Big Bang into heavier elements, such as carbon, oxygen, and metals.

The star is small for a star that formed in the early universe. This explains why it is so old, as bigger stars die more quickly. To help explain why this star is so small, people think it was once part of a binary system. 

## References
Salsa macha

**Salsa macha** is a Mexican spicy condiment typically made of vegetable oil, dried chilies, garlic and salt. The chilies may be chile de árbol, serrano, chipotle, pequin or morita. Its origin is possibly Veracruz. Its name comes from the verb **machacar** (**"to mash"**) because of its original preparation being crushed in a mortar. It can be used to accompany pozole, tacos, carne asada, fish, quesadillas, chamorro, botanas, etc.

## References
Beta Canis Majoris

**Beta Canis Majoris,** also called **Mirzam**, is a star in the southern constellation of Canis Major, the "Great Dog". It is around 500&nbsp;light-years (150&nbsp;parsecs) from the Sun. In the constellation it looks like it is in the dog's front leg.

## References
Sofia Falcone

**Sofia Falcone** is a DC Comics villain, mainly associated with the character Batman. She first appeared in the 1996–97 comic book limited series *Batman: The Long Halloween* by Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale.

## Fictional character biography 
She is a member of the Falcone crime family, who helps her father Carmine Falcone in searching the identity of the "Holiday Killer"—later revealed to be Sofia's own brother Alberto Falcone.

## In other media 
The character made her live-action debut in the television series *Gotham*, portrayed by Crystal Reed. She appeared in the HBO television miniseries *The Penguin* (2024) set in *The Batman* shared universe, portrayed by Cristin Milioti.

## References
RX J0720.4-3125

**RX J0720.4−3125** is a neutron star in the constellation Canis Major. It was discovered in 1997 in the ROSAT survey. It is around  from Earth. It is a member of the Magnificent Seven, a group of neutron stars that are relatively near to the Solar System. RX J0720.4–3125 has a radius of around 5&nbsp;km. Its temperature and color has been changing strangely over several years. It is hard to know why these changes are happening, but it could be that there was something happening, like the star absorbing an accretion disc.

## References
The Penguin (TV series)

***The Penguin*** is an American crime drama television limited series created by Lauren LeFranc for HBO. It is based on the DC Comics character Penguin. It is a spin-off from the movie *The Batman* (2022).

The show is about the Penguin's rise to power in Gotham City's criminal scene and his rivalry with Sofia Falcone and Sal Maroni and his family.

Colin Farrell stars as the Penguin, returning to his role from *The Batman*, alongside Cristin Milioti and Rhenzy Feliz.

*The Penguin* premiered in the United States on HBO and on Max on September 19, 2024. The show has received strong positive reviews from critics.

## References
The Story of 1

***The Story of 1*** is a BBC documentary about the history of numbers, and in particular, the number 1. It was presented by former Monty Python member Terry Jones. It was released in 2005.

## Synopsis
Terry Jones first journeys to Africa, where bones have been discovered with notches in them. However, there is no way of knowing if they were used for counting. Jones then discusses the Ishango bone, which must have been used for counting, because there are 60 scratches on each side of the bone. He then journeys to Sumer. Shortly after farming had been invented and humans were starting to build houses, they started to represent 1 with a token. To explore why the development of numbers occurred there and not some other place, Jones travels to Australia and meets a tribe called the Warlpiri. In Egypt, the numeral system provides a fascinating glimpse of Egyptian society, as larger numbers seem more applicable to higher strata of society. The Egyptians had a standard unit, the cubit, which was instrumental for building wonders such as the pyramids. Jones then journeys to Greece to cover the time of Pythagoras. Archimedes was also in love with numbers. Jones discusses India's invention of a more efficient numeral system, including the invention of the concept of zero. Jones discusses finally how Gottfried Leibniz invented the binary system, which is the foundation for modern digital computers. He planned on building a mechanical computer to use this system, but never followed through with the plan. Leibniz was convinced that 1 and 0 were the only numbers anyone really needed. In 1944, a computer called Colossus was used to crack enemy codes during World War II. Computers like Colossus evolved into modern computers, which are used for every type of number calculation.

## Other websites 
* Official website
*
'Til Tuesday

**Til Tuesday** (often stylized as '**til tuesday**) was an American new wave band formed in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The band, consisting of Aimee Mann (lead vocals, bass), Robert Holmes (guitar), Joey Pesce (keyboards), and Michael Hausman (drums), was active from 1982 to 1989.They are best known for their 1985 hit single "Voices Carry".
Po' boy

A '''po' boy** (also **po-boy**, **po boy** derived from the non-rhotic southern accents often heard in the region, or **poor boy''') is a sandwich originally from Louisiana. It traditionally consists of meat, which is usually roast beef, ham, or fried seafood such as shrimp, crawfish, fish, oysters, or crab. The meat is served in New Orleans French bread, known for its crisp crust and fluffy center.
Sameer Jawdat

**Sameer Jawdat** (born 8 October 1965) is an Saudi Arabian archer. Jawdat competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## References
Youssef Jawdat

**Youssef Jawdat** (born 8 August 1963) is a Saudi Arabian archer. Jawdat competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

## References
Bench Life

***Bench Life*** is an Indian Telugu-language drama television series written and directed by Manasa Sharma. Made by Niharika Konidela under Pink Elephant Pictures, it stars Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Vaibhav Reddy, Charan Peri, Ritika Singh, Aakanksha Singh, Nayan Sarika, Venkatesh Kakumanu and Tanikella Bharani. The series premiered on SonyLIV on 12 September, 2024.

## Cast 
* Dr. Rajendra Prasad
* Vaibhav Reddy
* Charan Peri
* Ritika Singh
* Aakanksha Singh
* Nayan Sarika
* Venkatesh Kakumanu
* Tanikella Bharani

## Production 
The series was announced by Pink Elephant Pictures on SonyLIV. The trailer of the series was released on 26 August 2024.

## Reception 
Satya Pulagam of *ABP Desam* awarded the series 3/5 stars. Avad Mohammad from *OTTplay* rated the series three-and-a-half out of five stars.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* *Bench Life* on SonyLIV
Kofi Okyere Darko

**Kofi Okyere "KOD" Darko** is from Ghana. He works on TV and radio, hosts events, knows a lot about media, and designs clothes. He is the boss of a clothing brand called Nineteen 57. He also started a yearly fashion and music show called Rhythms on Da Runway.

## Early life and education 
KOD, who was born Richard Aidoo, came into the world in 1978 in Winneba, Ghana. His dad, James Aidoo, used to be a deputy director at the Ghanaian Prisons. His mom, Margaret Aidoo, helped start the 31 December Women's Movement. KOD went to elementary school in Winneba, then went to Nifa Secondary School in Adukurom. After that, he studied at the Ghana Institute of Journalism.

## Career 
KOD started his career as a helper for a TV show at the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. He then worked at Radio Gold and later moved to England, where he worked with fashion brands like Ted Baker and Paul Smith. After that, he returned to Ghana to continue his work in radio. He has worked as a presenter and manager for events and marketing at LIVE FM, which is part of the EIB Network. He is now a presenter and event manager at Starr FM in Accra.

## Personal life 
KOD is married to a fashion designer named Ophelia Crossland, and they have two daughters.

## Honours and awards 
* In 2015, he won the Most Stylish Radio Personality of the Year award at Glitz Style Awards.

* In 2016, he was nominated for Male Fashion Celebrity Icon of the Year.

* In 2017, he won the Man of The Year Style Award for being the most fashionable man.

## Related pages 
* List of fashion designers

## References
Hippalus

**Hippalus** (Ancient Greek: Ἵππαλος) was a Greek navigator and merchant, likely active in the 1st century BCE. He is credited with discovering a direct maritime route from the Red Sea to Tamilakam, located on the Indian subcontinent, over the Indian Ocean. This route facilitated more efficient trade between the Roman province of Aegyptus and India.

## Use of Monsoon 
Hippalus is associated with the discovery of the direct sea route and the use of the monsoon winds to navigate it. The 1st-century CE text, *Periplus of the Erythraean Sea*, attributes the route discovery to Hippalus. While Pliny the Elder attributed the discovery of the monsoon winds themselves to him, some historians suggest this may be due to confusion between names and the common knowledge of the winds in the Hellenistic era.

## Significance 
Hippalus's route revolutionized trade by recognizing the north–south orientation of India’s west coast and facilitating direct sea voyages across the Arabian Sea to the Malabar coast, enhancing trade between the Roman Empire and Indian kingdoms.

## References
Himyarite Kingdom

The **Himyarite Kingdom** was an ancient state located in the southern highlands of Yemen. It emerged as an independent kingdom around 110 BCE after separating from the Qatabanian kingdom. The Himyarites initially ruled from Zafar and later moved their capital to Sana'a in the 5th century CE.

## History 
The Himyarite Kingdom expanded its territory by conquering neighboring regions, including Saba' around 25 BCE, Qataban around 200 CE, and Haḍramaut around 300 CE. It was a significant center for trade, linking the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and India. The kingdom's wealth was based on trade, particularly in frankincense and myrrh.

## Religion 
The Himyarites originally practiced South Arabian polytheism. By the late 4th century CE, Judaism became the state religion, followed by Christianity after 500 CE. The kingdom fell to the Kingdom of Aksum in 530 CE.

## References
Eudoxus of Cyzicus

**Eudoxus of Cyzicus** (/ˈjuːdəksəs/; Greek: Εὔδοξος ὁ Κυζικηνός, *Eúdoxos ho Kyzikēnós*; fl. c. 130 BC) was a Greek navigator who explored the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean under the service of Ptolemy VIII, king of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.

## Voyages to India 
According to Poseidonius, as later reported in Strabo's *Geography*, Eudoxus of Cyzicus was one of the first Greek navigators to sail across the Indian Ocean using the monsoon wind system. The first of his two voyages to India took place in 118 BC and was guided by an Indian sailor who had been rescued in the Red Sea and taken to Ptolemy VIII in Alexandria. Eudoxus returned with a cargo of aromatics and precious stones, prompting a second voyage in 116 BC, this time without a guide.

Strabo, the main surviving source of Eudoxus's voyages, was skeptical about the story. However, modern scholarship generally considers it credible as it aligns with the known maritime trade activities between the Greeks and the Indian subcontinent during the period.

## African Circumnavigation Attempts 
While returning from his second voyage to India, Eudoxus was blown off course south of the Gulf of Aden and along the coast of Africa. There, he reportedly found the remains of a ship that he believed had sailed from Gades (modern-day Cádiz, Spain) around the southern coast of Africa. This discovery inspired Eudoxus to attempt a circumnavigation of Africa himself. Starting from Gades, he sailed down the African coast, but the journey proved too difficult, and he was forced to return to Egypt.

## Legacy 
Eudoxus of Cyzicus is remembered for his pioneering explorations of the Indian Ocean and his ambitious, though ultimately unsuccessful, attempts to circumnavigate Africa. His voyages contributed to the early understanding of the monsoon wind systems and facilitated Greek and Roman trade with India.

## Related pages 
* Hippalus
* Ptolemaic Kingdom
* Monsoon
* Indian Ocean trade

## References
Siege of Emesa (638)

The **Siege of Emesa** occurred in 638 AD during the Muslim conquest of Syria. The siege was initiated by a coalition of Arab Christian tribes from Jazira, led by Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, to counter the rapid expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate in the Levant.

## Background 
Following the defeat at the Battle of Yarmouk, the Byzantine Empire was struggling to defend its remaining territories. To delay further Muslim advances, Heraclius sought assistance from Christian Arab tribes from the cities of Circesium and Hīt, mustering a significant army to lay siege to Emesa, which was then a key military headquarters for the Rashidun Caliphate.

## Siege 
Under the command of Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, the Rashidun forces initially withdrew to Emesa to defend against the siege. Simultaneously, Caliph Umar ordered counter-sieges on Jazira cities to divert enemy attention. The Muslims, led by Iyadh ibn Ghanm, targeted Hīt and Circesium, with the latter falling without significant resistance.

## End of Siege 
The arrival of reinforcements led by Khalid ibn al-Walid and Al-Qa'qa' ibn Amr, combined with the successful diversion tactics in Jazira, led to the lifting of the siege. The Arab Christian coalition was forced to retreat, suffering heavy losses. The defense of Emesa and the subsequent campaigns into Jazira secured Rashidun control over the region.

## Aftermath 
The successful defense not only preserved Rashidun control of Emesa but also paved the way for further Muslim expansion into the northern territories. The siege significantly weakened Byzantine and allied Arab Christian forces, contributing to the broader Muslim conquest of the region.

## References
Abu Borhan Mohammad Badruzzaman

**Abu Borhan Mohammad Badruzzaman** is a professor of Civil Engineering at the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). He is currently serving as the Vice-Chancellor (VC) of BUET. The Government of Bangladesh appointed him to this position in 2024 for a four-year term.

## Early life and education 
Dr. Badruzzaman has an extensive academic background in civil and environmental engineering. His education includes:

* **Ph.D. in Civil Engineering (Environment)** from the University of Virginia, USA, in 1992.
* **Master of Science in Civil Engineering (Environment)** from BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 1987.
* **Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering** from BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 1984.

## Research and achievements 
Dr. Badruzzaman has made notable contributions to research in the field of environmental engineering, particularly in groundwater contamination and water treatment. His work has earned him several prestigious awards and recognitions.

The university administration rejected the allegations, stating that the recruitment process was conducted in accordance with existing regulations and that no favoritism or nepotism occurred. The Vice-Chancellor maintained that all appointments were approved through the university’s formal selection mechanisms.

## References
Australian Federal Police

The **Australian Federal Police** (**AFP**) is the national and principal federal law enforcement agency of the Australian Government with the unique role of investigating crime and protecting the national security of the Commonwealth of Australia. The AFP is an independent agency of the Attorney-General's Department and is responsible to the Attorney-General and accountable to the Parliament of Australia.

The **Australian Federal Police** (**AFP**) is the national and principal federal law enforcement agency of the Australian Government with the unique role of investigating crime and protecting the national security of the Commonwealth of Australia. The AFP is an independent agency of the Attorney-General's Department and is responsible to the Attorney-General and accountable to the Parliament of Australia.

## Commissioners 
 the Commissioner of the Australian Federal Police is Reece Kershaw, formerly the Northern Territory Police Commissioner.

Australian_Federal_Police_Headquarters.jpg|Former Australian Federal Police Headquarters
Melbourne,_Australia.jpg|AFP vehicles in Melbourne
2006-2007_Holden_Captiva_(CG_MY07)_SX_AWD_wagon,_Australian_Federal_Police_(2007-04-03).jpg|An AFP vehicle on duty at Gold Coast Airport in Queensland

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Specialist Protective Command
* Australian Federal Police Former Members Association 
* Australian Federal Police Act 1979
* ACT Policing
Hyloxalus excisus

***Hyloxalus excisus*** is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home
Scientists have seen this frog in exactly one place: Quebrada La Ayura in Antioquia Department. They found it in a wet place with trees near a place where water comes up out of the ground. Scientists saw this frog 2200 meters above sea level.

## Danger
Scientists do not know if this frog is in danger of dying out.

## References
Battle of the Yarmuk

**Battle of the Yarmuk** (also spelled Yarmouk) was a major battle fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate. The battle, consisting of a series of engagements over six days, took place from August 15 to August 20, 636, near the Yarmuk River (also called the Hieromyces River) along the present-day borders of Syria–Jordan and Syria-Israel, southeast of the Sea of Galilee. The result was a decisive victory for the Rashidun Caliphate, leading to the end of Roman rule in Syria after about seven centuries.

## Background 
During the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, Heraclius became the Byzantine Emperor in 610. After expelling the Persians from Anatolia and achieving victories, he managed to restore the True Cross to Jerusalem in 629. Concurrently, the rise of Islam under Muhammad led to the unification of the Arabian Peninsula.

After Muhammad's death in 632, his successor Abu Bakr launched a series of conquests, including the invasion of Syria. The Rashidun forces, led by Khalid ibn al-Walid, achieved significant victories against the Byzantine forces, including at the Battle of Ajnadayn and the capture of Damascus in 635.

## Byzantine Counterattack 
In response to the Muslim conquests, Byzantine Emperor Heraclius prepared a large counteroffensive. By May 636, he had assembled a vast army from various regions. Despite this, coordination with an allied Persian counteroffensive failed. The Byzantine forces, commanded by Theodore Trithyrius, Vahan, Buccinator, Jabalah ibn al-Aiham, and others, advanced towards the Yarmuk River.

## The Battle 
The battle took place in the Yarmuk River basin. The Rashidun forces, commanded by Khalid ibn al-Walid, Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, and other leaders, used tactical withdrawals and reinforcements to overcome the larger Byzantine army. The victory at Yarmuk marked the end of Byzantine control in Syria and led to the rapid expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate into the Levant.

## Aftermath 
The Battle of Yarmuk had significant repercussions, leading to the annexation of the Levant by the Rashidun Caliphate and weakening Byzantine influence in the region. The battle is considered one of the most decisive in military history.

## References
Syria vilayet

The **Vilayet of Syria** (Arabic: ولاية سوريا; Ottoman Turkish: ولايت سوريه, romanized: *Vilâyet-i Sûriye*), also known as **Vilayet of Damascus**, was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire.

## History 
The Vilayet of Syria was established following the promulgation of the Vilayet Law in 1864. In 1865, the province was reformed and named Suriyya/Suriye. Jerusalem was separated from the province and became an independent sanjak reporting directly to Istanbul, while Mount Lebanon became a self-governing mutasarrifate in 1864. A short-lived administrative region was created in Ma'an in 1872 but closed due to costs. In 1888, the coastal areas formed the new Vilayet of Beirut. In 1892, a mutasarrifate centered in Ma'an was established and later moved to Karak in 1895, marking the southernmost extent of Ottoman rule in Syria.

## References
Eudoxus of Cnidus

**Eudoxus of Cnidus** (/ˈjuːdəksəs/; , *Eúdoxos ho Knídios*; c. 390 – c. 340 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer, mathematician, physician, and lawmaker. He was a student of Archytas and Plato. Eudoxus is known for developing the theory of concentric spheres and making significant contributions to mathematics, including work on the method of exhaustion.

## Life 
Eudoxus was born in Cnidus (modern-day Yazıköy, Turkey) and was the son of Aeschines. His exact birth and death dates are uncertain, but sources suggest he reached his peak around the 103rd Olympiad (368–365 BC). He studied mathematics with Archytas and medicine with Philiston the Sicilian. At 23, he traveled to Athens to study with the followers of Socrates, and later to Egypt to further his studies in astronomy and mathematics.

Upon returning to Athens around 368 BC, Eudoxus possibly took charge of Plato's Academy. He later returned to Cnidus, where he built an observatory and continued teaching and writing.

## Contributions to Mathematics 
Eudoxus is regarded as one of the greatest classical Greek mathematicians, second only to Archimedes. He contributed to the development of the method of exhaustion, a precursor to integral calculus. His work laid the foundation for Euclid's *Elements* Book V, focusing on proportionality and providing a rigorous method to handle incommensurable magnitudes without using irrational numbers.

## Contributions to Astronomy 
In astronomy, Eudoxus is known for his theory of concentric spheres, which aimed to explain the motions of the planets using a series of nested spheres. His work influenced later astronomers, including Hipparchus and Ptolemy.

## Legacy 
Eudoxus's work influenced both ancient and modern mathematics and astronomy. The craters on Mars and the Moon named "Eudoxus" honor his contributions. An algebraic curve, the **Kampyle of Eudoxus**, is also named after him.

## References 
## Sources
* Heath, Thomas. *A History of Greek Mathematics*. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921.
* Boyer, Carl B. *A History of Mathematics*. John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
Hyloxalus borjai

***Hyloxalus borjai*** is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

Scientists have seen this frog in exactly one place: Amalfi, in Antioquia Department. Scientists saw this frog between 1000 and 1500 meters above sea level.

Scientists think the tadpoles swim in streams. Scientists do not know if the frog is in danger.

## References
Fred Williams

**Friedrich Wilhelm Löcherer** (9 February 1938 - ), known professionally as **Fred Williams**, is a German actor.
La-Z-Boy

**La-Z-Boy** is an American furniture company based in Monroe, Michigan. It makes home furniture, including upholstered recliners, sofas, stationary chairs, lift chairs and sleeper sofas. The company employs more than 11,000 people. It was founded in 1927. 

## Other websites 
* Official website
RDX

**RDX** is an organic compound with the formula (CH2N2O2)3. It is white, colorless and odorless, and is used as an explosive. 

## Name
RDX is also called cyclonite.

## References
Woodville, New Zealand

**Woodville** is a town in the Tararua District, New Zealand. It is located 75 kilometers north of Masterton and 25 kilometers east of Palmerston North on State Highway 2 and State Highway 3. It once had its own council until 1989. It has a primary school situated in the town.

## References
Pahiatua

**Pahiatua** is a town in the Tararua District, New Zealand. It is situated in between Masterton and Woodville on State Highway 2. It has two primary schools and one high school. In 1934 the town had one of its most powerful earthquakes registering a magnitude 7.6 on the scale.

## References
Jordan–Syria border

The **Jordan–Syria border** is an international boundary that extends 362 kilometers (225 miles) from the tripoint with Israel in the west to the tripoint with Iraq in the east. It delineates the boundary between Jordan and Syria and is a significant geographic and political demarcation in the Middle East.

## Description 
The border begins at the tripoint with Israel, though its precise location is affected by the Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights, which Syria claims. The de jure tripoint is situated east of the Israeli town of Sha'ar HaGolan, while the de facto tripoint lies at the junction of the border with the United Nations UNDOF Zone south-east of Metzar.

From the tripoint, the border follows the Yarmouk River for the westernmost section. It continues eastward, separating between Ar Ramtha and Daraa, passing through the Daraa Border Crossing and continuing along the Amman–Damascus road to the Nasib Border Crossing. The border then turns northeast across the Syrian Desert, reaching the Iraqi tripoint.

## History 
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire controlled the region now known as Jordan and Syria. During World War I, the Arab Revolt, supported by Britain, led to the removal of Ottoman control from much of the Middle East. The 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement divided the Ottoman Vilayet of Syria between France and Britain. France managed the northern part as the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, while Britain administered the southern part, which included modern Jordan.

The Jordan–Syria border was established through the Paulet–Newcombe Agreement between France and Britain between 1920 and 1923, and a detailed description was agreed upon on October 31, 1931.

In 1967, Israel occupied the Golan Heights during the Six-Day War, affecting the westernmost part of the border. The region has experienced various incidents, particularly since the onset of the Syrian Civil War in 2011.

Jordan's last territorial dispute concerning the border was resolved in February 2005, when Jordan and Syria signed an agreement that ended over 30 years of controversy through a land-swap arrangement.

## References
Denisa Baránková

**Denisa Baránková** (born 7 September 2001) is a Slovak archer. Baránková competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## References
Lambda Scorpii

**Lambda Scorpii** is a triple star system and the second-brightest object in the constellation of Scorpius. It is also called **Shaula.** *Lambda Scorpii* is its Bayer designation, which is translated from **λ Scorpii** and abbreviated **Lambda Sco** or **λ Sco**. With an apparent visual magnitude of 1.62, it is one of the brightest stars in the night sky.

## References
Peter Koprivnikar

**Peter Koprivnikar** (born 2 July 1976) is a Slovenian archer. Koprivnikar competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## References
## Other websites
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Alexandra Longová

**Alexandra Longová** (born 7 February 1994) is a Slovak archer. Longová competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## References
Turkmenidae

* and *Danatinia*]]
The **Turkmenidae**, also called **turkmenids**, are an extinct family of lamprids consisting of 3 genera: *Analectis*, *Danatinia*, and *Turkmene*. They were related to the opahs.

## Genera 
* *Analectis*
* *Danatinia*
* *Turkmene*

## References 
# S.v, Popov; M.a, Akhmetiev; E.m, Bugrova; A.v, Lopatin; O.v, Amitrov; A.s, Andreyeva-Grigorovich; N.i, Zaporozhets; V.v, Zherikhin; V.a, Krasheninnikov; I.a, Nikolaeva; E.k, Sytchevskaya; I.g, Shcherba (2002). "BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE NORTHERN PERI-TETHYS FROM THE LATE EOCENE TO THE EARLY MIOCENE: PART 2. EARLY OLIGOCENE". *Paleontological Journal''.
2024 municipal elections in the Maule Region

The **2024 municipal elections in the Maule Region** was held on October 27, 2024, to elect those responsible for the local administration, that is, the communes. The region is made up of 30 communes.

These elections was the first municipal elections held under the automatic registration and mandatory voting system, after the enactment of Law 21524 that reestablished mandatory voting. These elections was held in parallel with the elections of governors and regional councilors of the region, positions created by Law 21073 of 2018, and which were elected for the first time in 2021 and 2013, respectively.

## Pre-candidacies 
The pre-candidacies announced to date are: (in *italics* the acting mayors who will be running for re-election)
* F- PSC: Christian Social Party
* H- CChM: With You, Chile is Better
* P- PDG: People's Party
* R- CD: Democratic Center
* X- E-A: Ecologists, Animalists.
* Y- PRep: Republican Party
* Z- ChV: Chile Vamos

## References
Willard Parker

**Willard Parker** (born **Worster Van Eps**; February 5, 1912 - December 4, 1996) was an American film and television actor. He starred in the TV series *Tales of the Texas Rangers* (1955–1958).

Parker was born in New York City. Some sources report his birth name as Worcester. He was a meter reader and a tennis pro. While working as the latter in Hollywood he was spotted by Zeppo Marx, then working as an agent. Marx arranged a screen test and he signed a contract with Warner Bros. He changed his name to "Willard Parker".

Parker signed to Warner Bros in the late 1930s. He made his debut with an uncredited bit in the Dick Foran Western, ''The Devil's Saddle Legion* (1937). He had small parts in *That Certain Woman* (1937) with Bette Davis; *Back in Circulation'' (1937) with Pat O'Brien; *The Radio Murder Mystery* (1937) with Ronald Reagan; *Alcatraz Island* (1937) with John Litel; *Over the Goal* (1937) with June Travis; *The Adventurous Blonde* (1937) with Glenda Farrell; *Missing Witness* (1937) with Litel; and *The Invisible Menace* (1938) with Boris Karloff.

Parker and his wife Virginia Field appeared in "Mr. And Mrs. Trubble" for *Schlitz Playhouse* (1952). That show invited him back for "Twenty-two Sycamore Road" (1953, with Nancy Reagan), "Little War at San Dede" (1954), and "Visitor in the Night" (1955).

Parker died of a heart attack at the age of 84 in Rancho Mirage in Riverside County, California.

## References
## Other websites
*
List of mayors of Linares (Chile)

The mayor of the Commune of Linares is the highest authority of the Illustrious Municipality of the city, and is in charge of running local public services. He holds office for 4 years with the possibility of re-election, and is democratically elected by citizens through universal suffrage and voluntary. Mario Meza Vásquez is currently in office.

## List of mayors 
The following list of the mayors of the Chilean commune of Linares
Peter Klashorst

**Peter van de Klashorst** (11 February 195711 September 2024) was a Dutch painter, sculptor, and photographer. He was born in Santpoort, Netherlands. His career was based in Amsterdam. In 1982, he won the Buning Brongers Award.

Klashorst died of lymphoma in Amsterdam on 11 September 2024, at the age of 67.

## Work by Peter Klashorst

File:Heaven above (by Peter Klashorst).jpg|*Heaven above*
File:Find the differences (painting by Peter Klashorst).jpg|*Find the differences*

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Dannevirke

**Dannevirke** is a town in the Tararua District, New Zealand. It is situated on State Highway 2 and is 26 kilometers north of Woodville and 54 kilometers southwest of Waipukurau. It has four primary schools and one high school situated in the town. It thrives on dairy, beef cattle and sheep farming.

## References
Neurodevelopmental disorder

**Neurodevelopmental disorders** are mental conditions that affect the development of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. According to the DSM-5, these disorders usually begin in early childhood and can continue into adulthood. They impact various areas of life, such as personal, social, academic, and occupational functioning. Symptoms and impairments can vary widely among individuals with the same diagnosis.

## References