open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Wolong National Nature Reserve

**Wolong National Nature Reserve**  is a national park in Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. It was established in 1963. The reserve has an area of about 200,000 hectares. There are over 4,000 different species recorded in the reserve. Wolong National Nature Reserve houses more than 150 endangered giant pandas.

In June 1980, the China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda was established. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the Chinese government cooperated to establish the center. Researchers have made trials on how to breed the giant pandas. They have successfully bred 66 panda cubs.

According to a 2001 research by Dr. Jianguo Liu of Michigan State University, the rate of destruction is higher after the reserve's creation than before its creation. Using NASA's satellite images and records of the number of people there, Liu's research team concluded that due to tourism and the increase in the number of people, the reserve is facing an unprecedented threat. "Tourists do not think they have an impact on panda habitat, but indirectly each visitor has some impact," Liu said. "We do not see ourselves as a destructive force, but we are."

## References 
## Other websites 
* Giant panda cubs at Wolong National Nature Reserve
* Wolong Panda Club 
* Dutch informational website about Wolong
Kansas City Chiefs

The **Kansas City Chiefs** are a professional American football team in Kansas City, Missouri. The team is a part of the Western Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). Their starting quarterback is Patrick Mahomes.

Originally called the **Dallas Texans**, the club was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League. The team moved to Kansas City and became the Chiefs in 1963 after then-Kansas City mayor H. Roe Bartle promised the team they would have more ticket sales. The Chiefs then joined the NFL as part of the AFL-NFL Merger. The Chiefs hold the distinction of being the second AFL team (after the New York Jets) to beat an NFL club in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game when they beat the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV.

The Chiefs won Super Bowl LIV by defeating the San Francisco 49ers 31-20. This was the team’s first Super Bowl win since 1969.

The term "chief" is sometimes considered to be insulting to Native Americans. There has been no serious effort to change the team's nickname. They have used an arrowhead as their symbol for a long time. They also named their home field Arrowhead Stadium.

## References 
## External links
* Official  website
* Year by Year Statistics  (pdf)
* Sports E-Cyclopedia.com
Commentary

A **commentary** often means some sort of voice that will explain what is going on while a program is playing. Commentary is most often used in sports. Some famous commentators are Jim Ross, Larry Merchant, Jesse Ventura, Navjot Singh Sidhu , VKSravan Gamer,and Gorilla Monsoon.

A commentary can mean comments, spoken or written, which help people understand a book, play or work of art.

VKSravan University

VKSravan Max

VKSravan Gamer Vivek Kumar Saw

## References
Spectacled bear

The **spectacled bear** (*Tremarctos ornatus*), also known as the **Andean bear** is the last of the lineage of short-faced bears. Locally, it is also called *ukuku*, *jukumari* or *ukumari*. The other short-faced bears are now extinct. They lived during middle to late Pleistocene age.

The spectacled bear is a relatively small species of bear native to South America. It has black fur with a distinctive beige-coloured marking across its face and upper chest. Males are 33% larger than females. Males can weigh 130 – 200 kilograms (286 – 440 lb), and females 35 – 60 kilograms (77 – 132&nbsp;lb). They are found in several areas of northern and western South America, including western Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, western Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and eastern Panama. Spectacled bears are the only surviving types of bear native to South America, and the only surviving member of the subfamily Tremarctinae. Their survival has depended mostly on their ability to climb even the highest trees of the Andes.

## References
Michelangelo Antonioni

**Michelangelo Antonioni**  (, ; 29 September 1912 – 30 July 2007) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, editor, and painter. His best known movie is *Blowup*, made in 1966. He died on the same day as Ingmar Bergman, another famous director. He was born in Ferrara and died in Rome.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Salvador de Madariaga

**Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo** (July 23, 1886 A Coruña, Spain - December 14, 1978 Locarno, Switzerland) was a Spanish diplomat, writer, historian and pacifist. He was the father of Nieves Mathews and professor/historian Dr. Isabel de Madariaga.  He was the grandfather of Javier Solana.

## Related pages
*Liberalism
*Contributions to liberal theory

## References
## Other websites
* Cueva de Zaratustra  Madariaga and his *Memorias de un federalista*
*Madariaga European Foundation
Tariq Ramadan

**Tariq Said Ramadan** (born 26 September 1962 in Geneva, Switzerland) is a Swiss Muslim academic and theologian. He thinks Islamic texts should be studied. He also thinks that Islamic society today is different from what it was when  the Koran was written. He therefore says that Muslims living in Europe need to adapt and change Islam, so they can contribute its values to a European society.

This position is often referred to as Euroislam.

In November 2017, multiple women accused Ramadan of rape. On 31 January 2018, Ramadan was taken into custody by French police.

## References
Unterschleißheim

**Unterschleißheim** (Central Bavarian: *Untaschleißheim*) is a town in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

## References
## Other websites
Bislama

**Bislama** is one of the three national languages of Vanuatu. It is a new language, made during the last two or three hundred years by mixing English with some French and some local words. The way the words are put together is like people have talked in Vanuatu for a long time -- not like English or French words are put together.

Bislama is like this:
:*Stoa long haos* - The store next to the house.
:*Buk blong mi* - My book.
:*Bambae mi wantem bia* - I will want beer.

## History 
Between the 1870s and the 1880s, hundreds of thousands of Pacific islanders (many of them from the New Hebrides) were forced to work on plantations, mainly in the state of Queensland, Australia, and Fiji. A pidgin was formed out of the several languages spoken in these plantations. It combined English vocabulary with the grammar from the languages of the region. This early plantation pidgin was the origin of Bislama, Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea and Pijin from the Solomon Islands.

This creole started spreading throughout the Vanuatu archipelago at the turn of the 20th century. Because there are 113 languages spoken in Vanuatu, Bislama serves as a lingua franca for communication. 

The first dictionary of Bislama was published in 1995. Its second edition was published in 2004. This has helped to create a standardised and uniform spelling of written Bislama.

Besides Bislama, most ni-Vanuatu also know their local language. The country's official languages used for education are English and French.

## Grammar
Two frequent words in Bislama are "long" and "blong", which take the place of many prepositions in English.

### "Long"
**Long* as 'next to', 'by', 'beside' etc.
*;Stoa long haos: The store next to the house.
**long* as 'at' or 'to'
*;Mi bin stap long ples ia bifo: I have been to this place before.
*;Mi stap long stoa: I am at the store.
**long* as 'in'
*;Jea long haos: The chair in the house.

*Long* has many other related meanings, and is sometimes used in improvisation.

### "Blong"
Originally from the English word "belong", *blong* takes the place of 'of' or the genitive case in other languages. Just like *of* in English, it is one of the most widely used and versatile words in the language, and can indicate possession, country of origin, defining characteristics, intention, and others.

;Buk blong mi: The book that belongs to me, my book
;Man blong Amerika: Man from America, American.
;Hemi woman blong saiens: She is a woman of science, She is a scientist.
;Man blong dring: Man of drinking i.e. a drinker

## Other websites 
*Bislama languages resources, dictionary, translator, translaters, online training
*Bislama spelling dictionary for Microsoft Word
*Bislama Spelling Dictionary compiled by Daryl Moon (.pdf)
*Bislama language  A guide to speaking Bislama; dictionaries English-Bislama and Bislama-English
*Bislama (Vanuatu) written by Terry Crowley Background (history, attitudes and use), vocabulary, sounds, grammar
*Bislama: An introduction to the national language of Vanuatu by Darrell T.Tryon (.pdf)
Houston Texans

The **Houston Texans** are a professional American National Football League team in Houston, Texas. Their current quarterback is C.J. Stroud. They are part of the American Football Conference (AFC). The Texans joined the NFL in 2002 as an expansion team. 

The team is, of course, named for their home state. Their mascot is a bull. There was another "Texans" team in the early 1960s, the Dallas Texas. That team move and became the Kansas City Chiefs. The first NFL team in Houston was the "Oilers". The Oilers moved to Tennessee and were renamed the "Titans". The Texans were created in order to replace the Oilers in Houston.

## Well Known Players 
*Andre Johnson Wide receiver
*J.J. Watt Defensive End
*Deshaun Watson Quarterback
*Arian Foster Running Back
*DeMeco Ryans Linebacker
*C.J. Stroud Quarterback

## Other websites 
* Official website
* Sports E-Cyclopedia.com
Geert Wilders

**Geert Wilders ** (born 6 September 1963) is a Dutch right-wing populist and nationalist  politician, born in Venlo. He is a member of the Dutch Parliament. He joined the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy first, and in 2006 created and has become the leader for the Party for Freedom.

## Politics 
He began working as an assistant (helper) for Frits Bolkestein in 1990. In September 2004, he left People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD in Dutch, the language spoken in the Netherlands). After that he made his own party named Groep Wilders. Later he changed the name to Partij voor de Vrijheid (Party for Freedom or PVV).

During the 2025 general election, Wilders led the PVV and tied with Democrats 66 in having the most seats in the House of Representatives. Wilders, however, said the PVV were unlikely to be part of the next government.

## Fitna 
Fitna is a short movie made by Wilders. It was released on the Internet on 27 March 2008. Wilders' goal was to show people what he thinks about Islamization, using this movie.

## References
## Other websites 
* Wilders on the Party for Freedom website 
* Geert Wilders Weblog
Asparagus

**Asparagus** is a large genus of flowering plants with over 300 different species. Some of the plants are grown as ornamental plants. One of these is the "asparagus fern", *Asparagus setaceus*, which is not a real fern. The best known plant in this group is *Asparagus officinalis*, which is grown as a vegetable, and is usually eaten in spring.

Asparagus was one of the plants which Carl von Linné showed in his work *Species Plantarum*. *A. officinalis* is used as its type species.

Some species of asparagus are used in cooking. They are known to make urine smellier.

## References
## Other websites 
*The names of different kinds of *Asparagus*
Armand David

.]]
'') was discovered by and named after Armand David]]

Father **Armand David** (Espelette September 27, 1826 near Bayonne –November 10, 1900 in Paris) was a Lazarist missionary Catholic priest as well as a zoologist and a botanist. He discovered many new species in China. The best-known of the animals he discovered are the Giant Panda and the Père David's Deer and the Dove tree, Davidia involucrata
Finite element method

The **finite element method**  is a numerical method of solving systems of differential equations. They are used extensively in many fields of engineering because they require very little knowledge of mathematics beyond basic algebra to use. The problem is formulated such that some conditions are satisfied exactly, while others are satisfied only approximately or numerically (i.e., the "residual" being the difference between the exact solution and the approximate solution is weighted and minimized to get the best approximation).

While the ease of setting up a problem using finite elements and getting a solution is the reason for its popularity, it is also the cause of its frequent misuse and distrust of the answers obtained. Usually you have to check your results with an experiment before your model is acceptable for use. The use of finite elements in structural analysis is in particular poorly managed. Engineers typically begin working with FEM having very little knowledge of numerical methods or knowledge of finite element behavior. There are no standards and guidelines for modeling and few managers who understand well enough to regulate modeling. It has led to mistrust of the method, its arrested development, and some very bad analysis being performed that is copied by others. Much aircraft structural design is analyzed using FEM.  
## References
## Related pages
* Calculus of variations
* Numerical methods for partial differential equations
Collar

In clothing, a **collar** is the part of a shirt, dress, coat or blouse that goes around or frames the neck. A *collar* may also be a separate or detachable item around the neck.
Sipoo

**Sipoo** (, ) is a municipality in Uusimaa, Finland. Sipoo had over 19,000 residents in the end of 2014. Neighbouring municipalities are Helsinki, Vantaa, Kerava, Tuusula, Järvenpää, Porvoo, Pornainen and Mäntsälä. The area of Sipoo is . The tax level of Sipoo is 18.75%. The leader of the municipality is Mikael Grannas.

## Some villages
Broböle, Kalkkiranta, Söderkulla, Savijärvi and Västerskog.

Söderkulla is a local centre in the Southern Sipoo. There is an elementary school and many sports places as well as the haven there.

## Centre village 
The centre of Sipoo is Nikkilä. There are several stores, bars and restaurants as well as many services in Nikkilä. There is one secondary school and many primary schools there. There are also a high school and a vocational school.

Nikkilä has two churces, an old one and a new one. The old church, Saint Sigfrid's church is a medieval stone church and was built in 1450-1454 although some of the parts have been added afterwards. The new red brick church was built in the year 1885 and designed by Theodore Decker.

## Population growth
## References
## Other websites
Website (in Finnish)

Municipality of Sipoo  - Official Website (in English)
Parcel

**Parcel** can mean several things:
* A mailable or shippable box.
* In real estate parcel is a unit of land under declared ownership (with or without buildings).
Land hemisphere

The **land hemisphere** is the hemisphere on the Earth with the highest possible area of land. It is centered on  (near the city of Nantes, France). The other half of the Earth is the water hemisphere.

The land hemisphere has seven eighths of the land on the Earth. This would be four fifths of the land area if Antarctica were included in the land area of the World. Europe, Africa, North America, most of Asia and most of South America are in the land hemisphere. Europe is at the center of the land hemisphere. Because the area of the oceans of the land hemisphere is bigger than its land area, the land hemisphere means the hemisphere where most land is.

## References
Frame

s]]
 **frame**]]
A **frame** is a flat container to hold something. It can also be an outer part of the structures.

**Frame** could also mean:

* Timber framing, a method of building for creating framed structures of heavy timber
* Framing (construction), a building term known as light frame construction
* Door frame or window frame, structures fixed to buildings, vehicles or other containers to which the hinges of doors or windows are attached and can be locked shut
* Frame and panel, a method of woodworking
* Framer, a carpenter who assembles major structural elements in constructing a building
* Frame of reference, the set of coordinates in which a system is observed
* Basis (linear algebra), an ordered basis is also called a "frame"
* Framework, software
* Film frame, one of the many single photographic images in a motion picture
* Frame (vehicle), on which the carrossery of the automobile is mounted
** Body-on-frame, construction technology for automobiles
** subframe
** chassis
* Picture frame, a solid border around a picture or painting
* Eyeglass frames

* In legal use, to frame someone is to make it look as if they are guilty of a crime that they did not commit.
Water hemisphere

The **water hemisphere** is the hemisphere on the Earth with the highest area of water. It is centered on , near New Zealand. The other half of the Earth is the land hemisphere.

Not including Antartica, the water hemisphere has only one-eighth of the world's land,. If it were included in the total land area of Earth, the water hemisphere would have one-fifth of the world's land. Most of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are on the water hemisphere. The area of the oceans of the water hemisphere is much higher than its land area, but the area of the oceans of the land hemisphere is still higher than its land area.

## References
202 BC

## Events
* Hasdrubal Gisco commits suicide to avoid being lynched by a Carthaginian mob.
* October 19 — The Battle of Zama ends the Second Punic War and largely destroys the power of Carthage. Roman and Numidian forces under the laedership of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio and his Numidian ally, Masinissa, defeat a combined army of Carthaginians and their Numidian allies under the command of Hannibal and forces Carthage to capitulate. Hannibal loses 20,000 men in the defeat, but he is able to escape Masinissa's pursuit.
Père David's deer

'''Père David's deer'* (*Elaphurus davidianus*) is a species of deer. It is also known as ***Milu**'' (麋鹿) in Chinese. In the past it went extinct in the wild and existed only in captivity. However, it has been reintroduced to the wild in some areas. It likes marshland, and is believed to be native to the subtropics. It eats a mixture of grass and water plants.

## Characteristics 
Adults weigh between  and . They have a nine-month gestation period, and one or two fawns are born at a time. They reach maturity at about 14 months, and have been known to reach the age of 23 years.

Père David's deer has a long tail, wide hooves, and branched antlers. Adults have summer coats that are bright red with a dark dorsal stripe, and dark gray winter coats. The fawns are spotted.

## Population 
This species of deer is native to China. By the late 19th century, the deer had become extinct in the wild. The only remaining herd belonged to the was Chinese emperor. He kept the deer in a royal hunting park in the southern part of Beijing. In 1895, a flood washed away part of the wall and some of the deer escaped. Most of these were then killed and eaten by the local population. This left fewer than 30 deer left in the park. Then in 1900, the park was occupied by German and Japanese soldiers during the Boxer Rebellion. These killed and ate the remaining deer. This left the deer nearly extinct in China. The last known deer in the wild in China was shot in 1939 near the Yellow Sea. The deer survived through both World Wars due to the efforts of Russell and his son, Hastings. The current world population comes from this herd, and can be found in zoos around the world.

The deer began to be reintroduced in the wild in 1985, with a herd of 20 deer. These were placed in Nan Haizi Milu Park, Beijing, and Dafeng Reserve, Jiangsu Province, China. Other herds were added in 1986 and 1987.  By 2005, the wild population had increased to about 2,000. 

]]

## References 
## Literature 
*  Listed as Critically Endangered (CR D v2.3)
* Robert Twigger, *The Extinction Club* (William Morrow, 2001).   This is an account of the author's research into the Milu.

## Other websites 
*Père David's Deer at *Animal Diversity Web*
*
Royal Surrey Gardens

preaching to a packed *Surrey Music Ha*ll in 1858]]
The **Royal Surrey Gardens** were gardens in Kennington, London, during the Victorian period.  It was the site of **Surrey Zoological Gardens** and **Surrey Music Hall**.

## Related pages 
* List of botanical gardens
Red fox

The **red fox** (*Vulpes vulpes*) is a mammal of the order Carnivora. It is the biggest and most well-known species of fox. Red foxes are sometimes hunted for sport, or killed as pests or carriers of rabies.

## Description 
Red foxes have long legs, pointed triangular black ears, a pointed snout, and a long bushy tail.

Foxes also communicate with each other by urinating on trees or rocks, like dogs sometimes do. Its back, sides, and head are usually covered with reddish-brown fur, and its neck and chest are covered with white fur. The tail tip of a red fox is white. Its legs and paws are normally black.

## Hunting behavior, diet and predators 
Red foxes hunt alone. Red foxes are omnivores. They feed on mice, squirrels, birds, rabbits, hares, and other small animals. However, they will also eat fruit, vegetables, fish, frogs, lizards, eggs, insects, and worms. The red fox will continue to hunt even when it is full.

When prey has been detected, the fox crouches low to the ground and moves towards it, while attempting to minimize any noise or visual warnings.  During the approach, the fox´s eyes remain on its prey. A chase starts once the fox has been seen. the prey escaping through dense bushes, or in the fox disabling it by biting it in the legs.

Red foxes have a few natural predators. Their predators are wolves, coyotes, bears, cougars, and lynxes, while eagles, hawks, owls, and badgers are predators of red fox kits, although eagles can kill adult foxes. Humans are the worst enemies of foxes as humans kill foxes for their fur.

## Mating 
Red foxes usually mate in the winter. The vixen (female fox) normally gives birth to a litter of 2 to 12 pups. When red foxes are born, they are brown or gray. Although a new red coat usually grows in one month, some red foxes have other colored coats such as golden, reddish-brown, silver, or even black. The mother of the pups, after she weens them, feeds them at first by regurgitating food into their mouths. Currently, there are efforts to reduce the fox population.

## References 
## Other websites 
http://animals.mom.me/foxes-sleep-7359.html 

http://mynarskiforest.purrsia.com/ev6rhunt.htm

http://www.onekind.org/be_inspired/animals_a_z/fox_red/
Molar

**Molars** are special teeth found in mammals, and also the most complex sort of teeth. They are used for grinding food. 

Humans have 12 molars in total, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The molar which is the farthest back in each group is called a wisdom tooth. The wisdom teeth are the last teeth to appear, usually at around the age of eighteen. These final molars do not erupt in many people.

All molars and premolars have a structure for grinding food. They have elevated (~pointed) parts called **cusps**. These cusps are characteristics of the species in question, but in general they are found on the molars, and to a lesser extent on premolars.
Love in This Club Part II

***Love In This Club Part II*** is a song by American singer Usher from his album Here I Stand. The song features Lil Wayne and Beyoncé and it is a remix of the original song, but the structure and lyrics of the song are completely different from the original: "Love in This Club", so the song's name was changed to "Love in This Club Part II".

## Chart Performance
Lower Silesian Voivodeship

**Lower Silesian Voivodeship** is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland. It can be found in the south-west Poland and in west Silesia (called Lower Silesia). The capital city is Wrocław. 

The voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Wrocław, Legnica, Wałbrzych and Jelenia Góra Voivodeships.

Karkonosze National Park and Stołowe Mountains National Park are both in Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
Unterhaching

** Unterhaching **(Central Bavarian: *Untahaching* or simply *Haching*) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

## References
## Other websites
Oberschleißheim

**Oberschleißheim** (Central Bavarian: *Obaschleißheim*) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. The Schleissheim Palace is in Oberschleißheim.

## References
## Other websites
Air France-KLM

**Air France-KLM** is a French airline company that made a megafusion in 2004 with the Dutch airline company, **KLM**. They are both worth US$20 billion together.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Air France-KLM Financial page 
*Air France-KLM Group Company profile from Yahoo!
Neuried, Bavaria

**Neuried** (Central Bavarian: *Neiriad ba Minga*) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

## References
## Other websites
Rosenheim

**Rosenheim** (; ) is a city in Upper Bavaria, Germany. It does not belong to a rural district, but it is an urban district itself. The rivers Inn and Mangfall come together in Rosenheim.

## References
## Other websites
Ansbach

**Ansbach** (; ; East Franconian: *Anschba*) is a city in Middle Franconia, Germany.

## References
## Other websites
*  (German, English, French)
* Ansbach information
* 
*
Passau

**Passau** (; ) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also called the Three River City because there are three rivers in the city.

## References
Kempten

**Kempten** (Central Bavarian: *Kempten* *im* *Allgai*, Swabian: *Kempte im Allgai*) is a town in Swabia, Germany.

## References
Landshut

**Landshut** (; ) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany. there's also an song about Landshut "Landshut L.A"

## References
## Other websites
Weiden in der Oberpfalz

**Weiden in der Oberpfalz** (German pronunciation: [vaɪ̯dən   ɪn   de:ɐ̯   o:bɐp͡falt͡s]; official name: **Weiden i.d.OPf.**; Northern Bavarian: *Weidn in da Owapfalz* or *d Wein*)  is a city in the Upper Palatinate in Bavaria, Germany.

## References
Pasadena, California

**Pasadena** is a city in California. It is northeast of Los Angeles on Interstate 210 and the Metro Gold Line. As of 2020, it had a population of 138,699.

Every year, Pasadena has the Tournament of Roses Parade. The Rose Bowl Game is played after the parade.

Pasadena was settled by Tongva Indians and Mexican ranchers before California became a state.  In the 1880s, it became a city (making it the oldest city in the area after Los Angeles).  Pasadena was one of the hubs of the Pacific Electric Railroad. During the early 20th century, it was the eighth-largest city in California.

There are many historic buildings in Pasadena. They include the Gamble House, the Blacker House, and the historic homes in Bungalow Heaven.  There are also several colleges, including the California Institute of Technology.  Pasadena has an arts scene, with many famous people acting at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium or Pasadena Playhouse or putting paintings in the Norton Simon Museum.

## References
Kaufbeuren

**Kaufbeuren** (Bavarian: *Kaufbeiren*, Swabian: *Kaufbeire*) is a city in Swabia in Bavaria, Germany.

## References
## Other websites
USA Today

***USA Today*** is a daily newspaper founded by Al Neuharth. It has the most readers of any daily newspaper in the United States. About 2.25 million copies are sold on a weekday. It comes second worldwide. *The Times of India* sells about 2.6 million copies on a weekday.

The paper was founded in 1982. It is more colorful than other national newspapers, like *The New York Times* or *Wall Street Journal*. Its use of graphics makes its content rather like a tabloid.

The paper takes national polls before elections. It is connected, through its owners Gannet Company, to the TV show *USA Today*. It also has a news website.

## References
T.N.T. (album)

***T.N.T.*** is the second studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC, released in Australia December 1975.

## Track listing
# "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" – 5:15
# "Rock 'n' Roll Singer" – 5:04
# "The Jack" – 5:52
# "Live Wire" – 5:49
# "T.N.T." – 3:35
# "Rocker" – 2:51
# "Can I Sit Next to You, Girl" (Young, Young) – 4:12
# "High Voltage" – 4:22
# "School Days" (Chuck Berry) – 5:21

## References
Taxi (TV series)

***Taxi*** is an American sitcom. It originally aired from 1978 to 1982 on ABC, and from 1982 to 1983 on NBC. The show is about the employees of a taxi company in Manhattan, New York City.

## Other websites 
*
Amiens Cathedral

**Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Amiens** is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Amiens, France. It is most commonly called **Amiens Cathedral**. The cathedral was built between 1220 and 1270. 

Amiens Cathedral was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. It is known for the quality and quantity of early 13th-century Gothic sculpture. 

With the cathedrals of Chartres and Reims it is considered one of the classical French cathedrals of the Middle Ages.

## References
Auburn University

**Auburn University** is a university in the U.S. state of Alabama. Auburn University is in the city of Auburn, Alabama. People can usually just say *Auburn* for short when they are talking about the University. There are about 33,000 students in school at Auburn.

Auburn opened February 1, 1856 but was named the **East Alabama Male College**. The university changed the name many times until 1960 when it was named Auburn University. Auburn is one of three large universities in Alabama. The University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama has the same number of students and the University of Alabama at Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama is the third largest. Auburn University has 12 colleges on campus, including agriculture, architecture, business, education, engineering, forestry, human sciences, liberal arts, nursing, pharmacy, mathematics, and medicine.

The Auburn University sports teams are named the Auburn Tigers and the mascot is a tiger named Aubie.

## References
*
Surprise

**Surprise** can mean many things:
* Surprise (emotion)
* Surprise party, a party where the person it is for is not told it will happen
* Surprise factor, the fundamental element in humor that puts a twist on familiar subjects
* Surprise, surprisal, or self-information, the information-theoretic quantity \log {1 \over p} = - \log{p}, where p is the probability of occurrence
* Symphony No. 94 (Haydn) in G major "Surprise Symphony" by Joseph Haydn
* "Surprise" (Buffy episode), an episode of the TV series *Buffy the Vampire Slayer*
* Surprise, Arizona, a city in the United States
* Surprise, Nebraska, a village in the United States
* *Surprise* (Paul Simon album), a 2006 album by Paul Simon
* *Surprise* (Better Than Ezra album), a 1989 album by Better Than Ezra
* *(T)Raumschiff Surprise - Periode 1*, a German science fiction parody movie by Michael "Bully" Herbig
* HMS *Surprise*, various real and fictional Royal Navy ships
* Ambush or military surprise, a military strategy to strike the enemy at a time or place or in a manner for which they are unprepared
* *Surprise!*, an award-winning short movie by Veit Helmer
* *Surprise* (animated movie), an animated short movie created by Pixar Animation Studios for *Sesame Street*
* Surprise Records, a record label
* "Surprise, Arizona" a song by Richard Buckner
*Surprise Moriri, a South African football (soccer) player
Arizona Diamondbacks

The **Arizona Diamondbacks** are a Major League Baseball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They were started in 1998. They play their home games at Chase Field. In 2001, they beat the New York Yankees to win their first (and only, so far) World Series, becoming the fastest new team to do this.

The team is also called the "D-Backs". They are named for the Diamondback Rattlesnake.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Website
Baltimore Orioles

The **Baltimore Orioles** are a Major League Baseball team from Baltimore, Maryland. They compete in the American League's AL East division. They began play in the early 1900s as the **St. Louis Browns**, a rival to the St. Louis Cardinals. They moved to Baltimore in 1954 and became the Orioles.

The "Baltimore Oriole" is an orange-and-black bird which is often seen in Maryland. "Orioles" has been a traditional nickname for Baltimore baseball teams. There was a Baltimore Orioles (19th century) in the major leagues. There was also a minor league baseball team called the Orioles which played from the early 1900s until the Browns moved to Baltimore.

The Browns were not a very successful team. They only won one league championship, in 1944. The Orioles have won several league championships and also won the World Series in 1966, 1970 and 1983.

## Other websites
* Official Website
## References
Colorado Rockies

The **Colorado Rockies** are a Major League Baseball team in Denver, Colorado. They are named for the Rocky Mountains, which are often called "The Rockies". Denver itself is within the Rocky Mountains, a mile above sea level.

The team began play in 1993. In 1995, they moved into their current ballpark, Coors Field.  They made the playoffs five times, each time as a wild card.  In 2007, the Rockies played in the World Series for the first (and so far, only) time.  They were swept by the Boston Red Sox.

## Other websites
*Official Website
Miami Marlins

, wearing his home jersey|thumb|200px|right]]
The **Miami Marlins** are a Major League Baseball team in Miami, Florida. The team began play in 1993. They were called the **Florida Marlins** through the 2011 baseball season. In November 2011, after the end of the season, they were renamed the Miami Marlins.

The marlin is a large sport fish that lives in warm parts of the ocean. There was once a minor league baseball team called the Miami Marlins. The major league team was named the "Marlins" in honor of the minor league team.

The Marlins' first home was Sun Life Stadium. They opened a new stadium in 2012 called Marlins Park, which became LoanDepot Park in 2021.

The Marlins won two World Series in 1997 and 2003.

## Other websites
*Official Website
Memmingen

**Memmingen** (Swabian: *Memmenge*) is a city in Swabia in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the border to Baden-Württemberg.

## References
Atlanta Braves

The **Atlanta Braves** are a Major League baseball team based in Atlanta, Georgia. The Braves currently play just outside the city limits in the Cobb County community of Cumberland. Their stadium is Truist Park, which opened as SunTrust Park in 2017 and was renamed in 2020. From 1991 to 2005, the Braves won their division every year except for 1994 when the season ended early due to a players' strike. They have won four World Series championships. Their first was in 1914 over the Philadelphia Athletics. They won their second championship in 1957 when they beat the New York Yankees in seven games. In 1995, the Braves defeated the Cleveland Indians. In 2021, they defeated the Houston Astros for their fourth title. One famous player that was on the Braves was Hank Aaron, who played for the team from 1954 to 1976.

The Braves are the oldest team in major league baseball. They began in 1871 in Boston, Massachusetts. They were originally called the "Boston Red Stockings". Later, they were known as the "Boston Beaneaters". In 1912, they were renamed as the "Boston Braves". They moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1953, where they were known as the "Milwaukee Braves". They moved to Atlanta in 1966.

## Other websites
*Official Website
Dizzy Gillespie

**John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie** (October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, singer and composer.

As an instrumentalist, bandleader, singer, and composer, Gillespie was the youngest of nine children. His father was a local bandleader, so instruments were made available to him at an early age. He started to play the piano at the age of 9. 

Nicknamed Dizzy because of how he acts during performances, Gillespie set new standards for trumpet players with his innovative rhythmic and harmonic explorations. This definitive change moved American jazz from swing to 'bebop'. Together with Charlie Parker, he was a major figure in the development of modern jazz.

Gillespie died on January 6, 1993 at age 75 from pancreatic cancer. At the time of his death Gillespie had two funerals. One was a Bahá´í funeral at his request, at which his closest friends and colleagues attended. The second was at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City open to the public where everyone can attend.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The African American Registry - The heart of jazz, Dizzy Gillespie 
* Dizzy Gillespie's  "The Cult of Bebop" 
* Dizzy Gillespie Talking to Les Tomkins in 1973
Ganz Midwest-CBK

**Ganz** is a Canadian company best known for distributing plush animals and collectables. The headquarters of the company are north of Toronto in Woodbridge, Ontario. The company has many subsidiaries and offices. It is the manufacturer of *Webkinz*, the toy with an Internet site.

Ganz was founded in Toronto in 1950 by Holocaust survivors Samuel Ganz and his sons Jack and Sam. Then it was called *Ganz Bros. Toys Limited*. It is now run by the founder's grandson, Hoard Ganz.

## References
Neume

A **Neume** is a way to write music. Neumes were mainly in the Middle Ages before the modern system of musical notation was developed. Sometimes they are also called **neum** in English.  Neumes are different from modern notation:
*There is no exact idea of how high or low tune should be sung; there are only indications.
*Neumes do not show rhythm, extra symbols are used to show rhythm or intonation

Today, neumes are still used for some chants in Christian Churches, especially Catholic and Eastern Orthodox ones

## References
Partsong

A **partsong** is a piece of music to be sung by two or more voices without accompaniment.  Many partsongs are written for four voices: normally soprano, alto, tenor and bass.  Such a partsong can be performed just by four people, but it can also be performed by a larger group (a choir) which has divided into these four parts.

The term "partsong" can refer to music such as a glee, madrigal or unaccompanied anthem, but it is usually used in English when talking about short, secular (non-religious) songs without accompaniment.  In other languages there is no word which means quite the same thing.

Partsongs were very popular in the 17th century in England.  They were often fun pieces to be sung at parties or in pubs.  They were often rounds, catches or quodlibets.  In the 19th century the madrigal came into fashion again and so many composers started writing partsongs.  Composers such as Sterndale Bennett, Arthur Sullivan, Parry, Charles Villiers Stanford and Edward Elgar wrote many partsongs, and later Finzi, John Ireland and Moeran.

In Europe many 19th century and early 20th century composers wrote songs which could be described as partsongs: Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Saint-Saëns, Debussy and Ravel.

## References
* Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 5 May 2008), (subscription access)
Masovian Voivodeship

**Masovian Voivodeship** is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland. It can be found in the east-central part of Poland. It is mostly in the historical land of Masovia. The capital of the Voivodeship is Warsaw.

The province was created on January 1, 1999. Kampinos National Park is in the province.
Pictogram

A **pictograph**  (sometimes also called **pictogramme** or **pictogram**) is a small drawing.  Today, pictograms are used very often. Because they are independent of the language, they are often used where there are people who need to understand things, even if they do not read or speak the language. Pictograms are also often used where it is important to understand something fast. Sight is faster than reading. That way, pictograms are often used for signalling in emergency situations, such as showing emergency exits.

Common uses include those for road signs, airports, and train station, and warning signs. 
## Examples

Image:Toilet women.svg|Female toilet
Image:Hazard T.svg|Poisons are usually marked like this.
Image:Perros No.svg|No dogs allowed 
Image:Japanese Public Information Symbol - Emergency Exit.svg|Emergency Exit (*Way out*)

## References
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

**Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship** is one of the 16 voivodeships of Poland. The name of the voivodeship came from local mountains called the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. The capital city of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is Kielce.
Houston Astros

The **Houston Astros** are the professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB). They began to play in 1962. They were originally called the "Houston Colt .45s" or the "Houston Colts". They changed their name to "Astros" in 1965. The Astros left the National League and joined the American League in 2013. They were the first team to switch leagues since the Milwaukee Brewers left the American League to join the National League in 1998. The Astros play their home games at Daikin Park in Houston.

With the move to the American League in 2013, the Astros are the first team in Major League Baseball to win the pennant for both leagues. The Astros are generally considered one of the most dominant teams in baseball over the recent years.

In 2005, the Astros played in the World Series for the first time, where they were swept by the Chicago White Sox.  They returned to the World Series in 2017.  This time, they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games to capture their first World Series title in the wake of Hurricane Harvey.  They returned to the World Series in 2019 and 2021, but lost to Washington Nationals and the Atlanta Braves, respectively.  In 2022, the Astros returned to the World Series again and defeated the Philadelphia Phillies in six games to capture their second championship title in franchise history.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Website
820s

The **820s** was a decade that began on 1 January 820 and ended on 31 December 829. It is distinct from the decade known as the '*83rd *decade''''' which began on January 1, 821 and ended on December 31, 830.

## Events 
* The Saracens attacked Crete and invade Sicily.
* The Kingdom of Navarre is created.
Lindane

**Lindane** is an insecticide. It can be used to kill insects. The European Union allows its use as an insecticide since 2008. This is because it takes a very long time to decay. Checks are now getting done to see how bad to humans it really is. It can cause diseases such as Cancer or Parkinson's disease. 

The World Health Organization classifies Lindane as "Moderately Hazardous". International trade with it is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. Over 50 countries have banned it. It might be included in Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants.  This would make it illegal to produce or use it all over the world.

## References
Fumaric acid

**Fumaric acid** is a chemical substance that occurs in various plants. It also occurs as a by-product at various times in the human body. In chemistry it is used for food preservation. It is known as **E 297**. Usually it replaces citric acid. In medicine, it is used to treat various diseases of the skin, such as Psoriasis. 

Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1937 because of his work on Fumaric acid.
Hazard symbol

**Hazard symbols** are special symbols. They were made to warn people about dangers. Usually they are pictograms. Pictograms are small drawings that show what is happening (or what is going to happen, or what should happen) in a way that is easy to understand.

## European hazard symbols 
The European Union has made a few symbols that warn of dangers and that should be easy to understand. These are the **hazard symbols for chemicals**:

Image:Hazard E.svg|*Explosive* (**E**)  Example Trinitrotoluene
Image:Hazard O.svg|*Oxidizing agent* (**O**)  (Helps a fire burn)  Example: Oxygen
Image:Hazard F.svg|*Highly flammable* (**F**) (Can start a fire)  Example: Ethanol
Image:Hazard FF.svg|*Extremely flammable* (**F+**) (Can easily start a fire)  Example: Hydrogen
Image:Hazard T.svg|*Toxic* (**T**) (This is a poison)Example: Barium chloride, most acids
Image:Hazard TT.svg|*Very toxic* (**T+**) (This also is a poison, but is more dangerous) Example: Nicotine
Image:Hazard X.svg|*Harmful* (**Xn**) Example: Caffeine and bleach
Image:Hazard Xi.svg|*Irritant* (**Xi**) (Can cause damage to the skin, or the eyes) Example: Fumaric acid and bleach
Image:Hazard C.svg|*Corrosive* (**C**) (Causes damage to the skin or the eyes) Example: Hydrochloric acid
Image:Hazard N.svg|*Dangerous for the environment* (**N**)  Example: Lindane

The '**n**' in Harmful (**Xn**) stands for the French word *nocif* (harmful) and the Italian word *nocivo* (noxious).
Tinia

**Tinia** (also spelled **Tin**, **Tinh**, **Tins** or **Tina**) was the supreme deity in Etruscan mythology. He was the god of the sky and lightning, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus. He was the husband of Thalna or Uni and the father of the hero Hercle. The element tin was named after Tinia.

## Related pages
*Jupiter - Roman mythology equivalent to Tinia
* Zeus - Greek mythology equivalent to Tinia
* Odin - Norse mythology equivalent to Tinia
WonderSwan Color

The **WonderSwan Color** is a handheld video game system. It was made by Bandai in 2000. It was a little bigger than the old WonderSwan.

## Colors
The an Color came in 5 basic colors: Pearl Blue, Crystal Pink, Crystal Black, Crystal Blue, and Crystal Orange.
Endospore

An **endospore** is a structure made by bacteria for survival purposes. Bacteria turn to endosporea when they undergo stress, such as an increase in heat or lack of nutrients. This process is known as sporulation. Endospores are small, rounded, resting cells that form inside bacteria when conditions become unbearable. They have a tough coating which makes it resistant to radiation (like X-rays and UV light), chemicals, heat, salt concentration and extreme pH. Endospores have calcium dipicolinate in them, which keeps the DNA stable.  It is not fully understood what causes it to be so resistant.

A bacterial cell will make an endospore when it is low on food so it can survive until there is more food available in the environment. An endospore will actually contain all of the important parts of the bacterial cell, such as its DNA. Only two genera of bacteria can undergo sporulation to form endospores. They are the *Bacillus* and *Clostridium* species. Bacteria that can form endospores but are not in the endospore state are known to be in their vegetative state.

Endospores are highly dangerous bio-terrorist weapons. This is because they are smaller than the vegetative state. A bacterium, in itself, is already smaller than a eukaryotic cell. Therefore, considering the small size of endospore, a small volume of it can already contain a large quantity of it. Endospores are hard to eradicate.

The bacteria cell does fission and conjugation. Fission is a form of reproduction. Conjugation is not considered reproduction.

## References