open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bisphenol

is a bisphenol made from acetone. The phenol units are on the left and right of this skeletal formula.]]

A **bisphenol** is a type of organic chemical compound that contains two phenol units in its structure. They are a type of aromatic diol. Bisphenols are used to make some types of polycarbonate, polyurethane, and polyester.
Diol

A **diol** is an organic chemical compound with two hydroxy groups. "Di" is a prefix meaning "two", and "ol" comes from "alcohol". An aliphatic diol (one with no aromatic ring) is called a **glycol**.

Ethylene glycol (also called ethanediol) is the simplest stable diol, and has the chemical formula . 

## Types 
### Geminal diols 
If the two hydroxy groups are attached to the same carbon atom, the diol is called **geminal**. Geminal diols are normally unstable because they easily give up a water molecule to become an aldehyde or ketone.

### Vicinal diols 
If the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, but the carbon atoms are attached to each other, the diol is called **vicinal**. Many vicinal diols are made from epoxides by adding water (hydrolysis). They can also be made from carbonyls with the pinacol coupling reaction.

## Uses 
Diols are important ingredients in plastics like polyester and polyurethane. Important diols in plastic production are 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and the bisphenols.

Diols can also change carbonyl groups into cyclic acetals. This is used as a protecting group in organic synthesis.

## References
Guru Brahmanand

**Guru Brahmanand** (24 December 1908 - 16 May 1973), also known as **Jagatguru Swami Brahmanand Saraswati Ji**, was an Indian guru, social reformer and philosopher. He is widely known in state of Haryana for his efforts in promoting education, social equality, and spiritual awareness. 
## Early life
He was born as Chhotaram on 24 December 1908 in Chuhar Majra (now known as Guru Brahmanand Majra), Kaithal district, Haryana. He was born to Badama Ram and Rami Devi, and brought up in a Haryanvi Samdhyan clan of Ror caste. His father, Badama Ram, was a farmer. His mother Rami Devi died when he was 9 years old and when he was 11 years old, his father Badama Ram  passed away.
## Pilgrimage and spiritual movement
He departed his village and embarked on a pilgrimage across the Northern India. He travelled for some years and made observations on contemporary social life.

In his quest for true knowledge, he went to the forests of Sapta Sarovar, beyond Haridwar, for penance. There, he decided to leave his mortal body, and as he did so, three goddesses appeared and presented him with a five-colored *Panchranga* flag.

The three goddesses named him Brahmanand because he remained absorbed in *Brahma Anand* (divine bliss). He established five principles for the five-colored *Panchranga* flag, and upon returning, he founded a gurukul called Ompura.

After a few years, he set out to propagate the Vedic religion and organized more than 200 *Havan Yagnas* and *Bhandaras* (community feasts) across the region. He established many ashrams in various villages of Haryana.

## Residences
Brahmanand moved all across the Northern India and usually resided in villages. Some of these are listed below.

* Chuhar Majra, Kaithal
* Pundri, Kaithal
* Mundri, Kaithal
* Haridwar
* Fatehpur, Kaithal
* Sataundi, Karnal
* Kaimla, Karnal

## Death
On 16 May 1973, he left his mortal body at his Fatehpur Ashram, after chanting *Om* three times, and attained liberation.

## Legacy
 village]]
Brahmamand served as an inspiration for several Indian thinkers and social reformers.

Brahmanand is a revered religious and spiritual figure in the Indian state of Haryana and remains relevant to present-day society due to his enduring spiritual contributions. His teachings and philosophy have been promoted and endorsed by various political and social organizations in Haryana.

## References
Pearly Gates

'The Pearly Gates is a name for the gateway to Heaven in some Christian traditions. It is inspired by Revelation 21:21. This describes the New Jerusalem having twelve gates. Each gate would have a pearl. In popular culture, these gates are imagined as large gates in the clouds. The gates would be guarded by Saint Peter. People who are not fit to go into heaven would be sent into Hell.

## References
Mac OS X 10.1

**Mac OS X 10.1** (code named **Puma**) is the second major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system. It superseded Mac OS X 10.0 and preceded Mac OS X Jaguar. Mac OS X 10.1 was released on September 25, 2001, as a free update for Mac OS X 10.0 users.

The operating system was handed out for free by Apple employees after Steve Jobs' keynote speech at the Seybold publishing conference in San Francisco. It was subsequently distributed to Mac users on October 25, 2001, at Apple Stores and other retail stores that carried Apple products.

Mac OS X 10.1 was codenamed "Puma" because the internal team thought it was "one fast cat." In January 2002, Apple switched to using Mac OS X as the default OS on all new Macs at the time starting with the 10.1.2 release, replacing Mac OS 9.

## System requirements
**Supported computers:**
*Power Mac G3
*Power Mac G4
*Power Mac G4 Cube
*iMac G3
*iMac G4, 
*eMac,
*PowerBook G3, except for the original PowerBook G3
*PowerBook G4
*iBook
**RAM:**
*128&nbsp;megabytes (MB) (unofficially 64&nbsp;MB minimum)
**Hard Drive Space:**
*1.5&nbsp;gigabytes (GB)

## Release history
## References
1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5.
Macon

**Macon** may refer to: 

## France
* Arrondissement of Mâcon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
** Mâcon, a city

## United States
* Macon, Georgia, a consolidated city-county
* Macon, Illinois, a town
* Macon, Mississippi, a city
* Macon, Missouri, a city
* Macon, North Carolina, a town
* Macon County, a list of counties in the United States
Mac OS 9

**Mac OS 9** is the ninth and final major release of Apple's classic Mac OS operating system, which was succeeded by Mac OS X 10.0 in 2001, starting the Mac OS X family of operating systems. Introduced on October 23, 1999, it was promoted by Apple as "The Best Internet Operating System Ever", highlighting Sherlock 2’s Internet search capabilities, integration with Apple's free online services known as iTools and improved Open Transport networking. While Mac OS 9 lacks protected memory and full pre-emptive multitasking, lasting improvements include the introduction of an automated Software Update engine and support for multiple users.

Apple discontinued development of Mac OS 9 in late 2001, transitioning all future development to Mac OS X. The final updates to Mac OS 9 addressed work problems with Mac OS X while running in the Classic Environment and works with Carbon applications. At the 2002 Worldwide Developers Conference, Steve Jobs began his keynote address by staging a mock funeral for OS&nbsp;9.

## References
Loreto, Zacatecas

**Loreto** is a city in the Mexican state of Zacatecas. It is a largest city in the municipality of Loreto. In 2010, 118,614 people lived there.

## Other websites 
*
Kulldeep Sandhu (singer)

**Kulldeep Sandhu**, born on April 9, 1978, is a Punjabi composer, singer, and music producer recognized for his work in Punjabi folk and Indian classical and devotional music.

## Discography 
## Awards and recognitions 
* Kulldeep Sandhu honoured by UP's Chief Secretary for his song on Yogi Adityanath

## References 
## Other Website
Satpal Jamba

**Satpal Jamba** or **Satpal Kanyan,** is an Indian politician from Jamba village in Haryana. He became a member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly in 2024. He represents the Pundri Assembly constituency as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## References
Casile–Canlubang Valley

The **Casile–Canlubang Valley**, also known as **Kasile Hills**, is a valley ridge approximately 5.3 kilometers, located at the western part of Laguna province.

As of 5:30pm, February 7, 2026, An public advisory, According to Barangay Casile, The Valley road is now an officially closed. Under by the owner private property of Yulo family.

## Geography
The valley fault stretches the Mount Sungay in Tagaytay city to Nuvali, It is situated point at the West Valley Fault (MVFS) along the "Matang Tubig" spring, "Canlubang Golf & Country Club" and "Marcos Twin Mansion", Since 1658 to 1871 when the last movement of the *West Valley Fault* estimated every 400-600 years, The valley is a plain located in Cavite to the west (upper plain) and Laguna to the east (lower plain).

; Tourist attractions
* **Cabuyao Mansion** – formerly as Marcos Twin Mansion is a abandoned mansion, was established in 1987.
* **Canlubang Golf & Country Club** – also known as Can Golf, was established since 1977.
* **Kasile Hills** – is an tourist resort attraction in Casile.
* **Matang Tubig** - is an water park.

## References
Dicarbonyl

of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dicarbonyls. R and R' can be any chemical structures.]]

In organic chemistry, a **dicarbonyl** is an organic compound that has two double bonds between carbon and oxygen (the carbonyl group, ). The term is also used more specifically for when the two carbonyls are close enough to each other that they change how the chemical acts in chemical reactions.

In organometallic chemistry, a dicarbonyl is any coordination complex with two carbonyl ligands.

## Types 
Dicarbonyls are named by more specific types of carbonyl in the molecule.

* If the two carbonyls are the same, their name is used with the prefix "di-":
** Glyoxal (oxaldehyde, ethanedione) is a **dialdehyde**.
** Diacetyl (butanedione) is a **diketone**.
** Oxalic acid is a **dicarboxylic acid**.
** Dimethyl oxalate is a **diester**.
* If they are different, the names are combined:
** Methylglyoxal is a **ketoaldehyde**.
** Pyruvic acid is a **keto acid**. An ester of a keto acid is a **keto ester**.
** Glyoxlic acid is an **aldehydic acid**. Aldehydic acids are also called **semialdehydes**.
El Llano Municipality

**El Llano** is a municipality in the state of Aguascalientes in Mexico. The Municipal seat is Palo Alto, Aguascalientes.

## Other websites
Lil’ Kev

**Lil’ Kev** is an adult animated sitcom created by Matthew Claybrooks and Michael Price for BET+. It aired on March 6th, 2025.

## Plot 
In 1993 North Philly, 12-year-old Kevin faces tough neighborhood life with boundless optimism. His mom works nights, his brother's a troublemaker, his dad wants back in, and his uncle gives dubious advice - but Kev keeps hustling.

## Characters 
### Main 
* Kevin Darnell Hart (voiced by Kevin Hart) is the 12-year-old younger animated version of the person with the same name. His confidence, imagination and constant daydreaming drive him to attempt insanely lofty goals, most of which he fails at miserably.
* Nancy Hart (voiced by Wanda Sykes) is Kevin’s overprotective and busy mother. She works at the hospital as a nurse. She’s also intimidating, quick to ass-whooping, and God-fearing, as she works tremendously hard to pay the bills and put food on the table.
* Henry Hart (voiced by Gerald “Slink” Johnson) is Nancy’s ex-husband and Kevin’s father, who had a troubled past tainted by addiction, which caused his vices to doom his relationship with Nancy.
* Uncle Richard Jr. (voiced by Deon Cole) is Nancy’s younger brother and Kevin’s parental uncle. He tries his best to stay clear of the crime scene because he respects his family and deep down is a little scared of his big sister.

### Recurring 
* Robert Hart (voiced by Jamar Neighbors) is Kev’s 16-year-old “glass half-empty” older brother, who calls him “Negative Ned”, due to him constantly shitting all over his dreams and covers up his shitting-overs with the catch-all excuse that he’s “just keeping it real.” Robert is a hustler who’s all about making cash money.
* Rhe Rhe (voiced by Wé Ani) is the object of Kevin’s affection. Rhe Rhe is super cute, super sweet, and super smart. She’s never received anything lower than an A on her report card. Her goal is to be a brain surgeon one day.
* Omar & Darnell (voiced by Jayden Libran & Affion Crockett) are Uncle Richard Jr.’s boys from prison. Omar met his cellmate Darnell, and then became lovers, though they most definitely do not fit the stereotype of gay men.
* Chin-Check (voiced by Justin Hires) is Kevin’s arch-nemesis and the school bully. Chin Check robs people for sport and he chin checks fools as a form of greeting, as his name implies. Chin Check struggles with a learning disability and is just starting to learn how to read.

## Episodes 
### Season 1 (2025)
Fabiola Gianotti

**Fabiola Gianotti** is an Italian particle physicist and Director General of the *Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire,* or CERN.  A particle physicist is a scientist who studies the parts of an atom. CERN is a European research organization. The name CERN is French and translates to “European Organization for Nuclear Research.” She is the first woman to lead CERN and the first person asked to lead for two terms. Dr. Gianotti played an important role in discovering the Higgs Boson. This is a particle that helps explain why things have mass.  She led one of the two large experiments at CERN in 2012 and was in charge of 3000 scientists from 38 countries and 177 universities.  CERN is the greatest particle physics research center in the world. CERN also operates with a yearly budget of 1.2 billion and works with 15,000 scientists around the world. 

Fabiola Gianotti was inspired to study science after reading a biography of Marie Curie.  Her career began at CERN with a graduate fellowship in 1994, where she started working on the Atlas project.  Eventually, she took charge of the Atlas Project, which discovered the Higgs Boson particle in 2012.  In January 2018, Dr. Gianotti was among the few women leaders at the World Economic Forum in Davos. 
## References
Miyoko Schinner

**Miyoko Schinner** is the inventor of a new technology for creating vegan cheese  Vegan food does not contain any animal products. Miyoko is also the founder of Miyoko's creamery. She discovered how to create vegan cheese without rejuvelac.  Miyoko's creamery is a vegan dairy company.  Miyoko’s Creamery products are sold in over 12,000 stores.  Miyoko also co-hosted the PBS cooking show called “Vegan Mashup”  She wrote the cookbook “The Homemade Vegan Pantry.” Her cookbook was named one of the Best Vegan Cookbooks by *Good Housekeeping*. 

## References
Jennifer Burney

**Jennifer Burney** is an American environmental scientist who works to make technology cleaner and cheaper. She is a professor at the University of California, San Diego. The National Geographic Society named her an Emerging Explorer. She has explored climate and energy problems around the world. She also helped to create a superconducting camera to take photos of space during her time at Stanford. SELF created three systems that helped increase food security in Benin with the help of Burney. Schools in the village started to teach about the systems. Burney is currently working on a project to replace stoves with cleaner technology.
## References
Power Mac G4

The **Power Mac G4** is a series of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer from 1999 to 2004 as part of the Power Macintosh line.  Built around the PowerPC G4 series of microprocessors, the Power Mac G4 was marketed by Apple as the first "personal supercomputers", reaching speeds of 4 to 20 gigaFLOPS. This was the first existing Macintosh product to be officially shortened as "Mac" (with the exception of the iMac), and is the last Mac able to boot into classic Mac OS with the introduction of Mac OS X.

The enclosure style introduced with the Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White) was retained through the entire five-year production run of the Power Mac G4, albeit with significant changes to match Apple's evolving industrial design and to accommodate increasing cooling needs.  The G4 and its enclosure were retired with the introduction of the Power Mac G5.

## Supported operating systems 
## Related product

Jony Ive designed this body which was made of glass, infamously. 

## References
Virginia Holsinger

**Virginia Holsinger** was an American chemist. Holsinger's research has made it so that all lactose intolerant people can eat dairy products without worry. She developed the enzyme treatment for lactose intolerance many people around the world use today. Holsinger developed a reduced fat mozzarella now being widely used in the USDA National School Lunch Program. She also made powdered milk with reduced lactose for the US army for the lactose intolerant and people who did not like the taste of regular milk. She also created the sprayable butter that is dried and free flowing butter powder. She chaired the Dairy Tech division in the Institute of Food Technologists. 

## Awards 
She has won many awards for her work in lactose substitutes. Some of the awards that she has won are the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) distinguished scientist award of the year. She has also won the WISE lifetime award achievement. She is in the National Inventors Hall of Fame and the ARS Hall of Fame.

## Personal life 
She was born in Washington DC.  She lived until the age of 72. 

## References
Ynes Mexia

**Ynes Mexia** was a Mexican American botanist who collected more than 145,000 specimens. She found 500 new species with 50 of them named after her. She also discovered two new genera. She went to the University of California, Berkeley, in 1921 to pursue botany. She collected 1,500 specimens by herself in Mexico on her first trip. She spent 13 years traveling around the Americas mostly alone. Mexia was the first person to collect specimens from Denali, Alaska. Her most lengthy trip was a 3,000-mile trek across South America. She was contracted by the California Academy of Sciences to collect plants for botanists there. She gave around $50,000 to the Sierra Club and Save the Redwoods League in total. A redwood grove was also named after her honor. Researchers still use her collections to this day. Some of the plants she collected and discovered can be seen in many museums and universities today as well.

## References
Amber Straughn

**Amber Straughn** is one of the workers who helped with the James Webb Space Telescope.  She has worked with NASA for about 17 years.  It did incredible things, including being able to see inside dust clouds and see if any earth-like planets had enough water for oceans. 
## References
Eunice Newton Foote

**Eunice Newton Foote** was the scientist who discovered the greenhouse effect and an activist. Her experiment predicted the findings of the Earth’s greenhouse effect. She was the first person to publicly say that the Earth would get warmer if carbon dioxide levels rose. Her work was shown to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1856. She did not present her work. A man named Joseph Henry did. It is unclear why.  A summary of her work was published in the 1857 volume of Annual Scientific Discovery by David A. Wells. Foote also made it into a German publication. She got a good review of her findings from Scientific American.  Also, she had a short film made about her in 2018.

Foote was also an activist and believer in women’s rights. Foote signed the document at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention. The 1848 Seneca Falls Convention was the country’s first gathering focused on women's rights. 

## References
Marthe Gautier

**Marthe Gautier** was a French doctor and gene scientist who discovered the cause of Down Syndrome. She was one of two women out of 80 students from all over France to pass the medical training entry exam for Paris’s best hospitals.  After her death, Jérôme Lejeune’s foundation credited her for her work. 
## References
Leela Hazzah

**Leela Hazzah** is an Egyptian conservation biologist that studies lions. She was interested in lions at a young age. Her father and uncle would tell her stories about them.  She learned that lions were becoming extinct in Egypt. This fact made her want to stop the lions from dying. In 2002, she moved to the United States to get a bachelor’s degree in biology at Denison University.  Hazzah lived with the indigenous Mbirikani Maasai along the Kenya-Tanzania border for a year. She studied their relationship with lions.  In 2006, Hazzah co-founded the organization Lion Guardians.  She is the Executive Director.  Her program has been 99% effective in stopping lion killings.  She won the 2009 Women of Discovery Field Research award.  She earned the Saint Andrews Prize for the Environment in 2012.  Hazzah is also the president of the U.S non-profit organization called Wildlife Guardians.  She was named one of CNN’s “Top ten heroes” of the year in 2014. 

 

## References
Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski

**Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski** (born June 3, 1993) is an American theoretical physicist who studies high-energy physics. Theoretical physicists conduct research and develop mathematics for a wide variety of theories and concepts. Pasterski also earned a PhD in quantum mechanics and studied theoretical physics. The aviation magazine *Midwest Flyer* dubbed her the “future of aviation”. She also enrolled in MIT at the age of 16. Pasterski also became the youngest person in the US to build an aircraft and fly it solo at 16.

## References
Monique Adolphe

**Monique Adolphe** (born July 23, 1932) was a French scientist and pharmacist. She was one of the first people to figure out how to use cell culture methods for pharmacotoxicology. Pharmacotoxicology is the testing of drugs to find out if they are toxic and what their effects can be. A cell culture is a group of cells under controlled growth. She was also a pioneer of pharmacotoxicology using in vitro techniques. In vitro means in glass, or in test tubes. She helped figure out how to test drugs that could be toxic on cell cultures instead of on a human or an animal. She was the president of the EPHE Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory. She was the first woman to hold this position. She founded the Society of Cellular Pharmacotoxicology. She was the president of it for 10 years. She was an officer in the Order of the Legion of Honor and a Commander in the National Order of Merit in France. She was also a member of the Royal Academy of Belgium and the Royal Academy of Spain.

## Early life 
She was born in Paris, France, on July 23, 1932. Her father was a pharmacist.

## Career 
She started her career as an intern at a hospital in Paris. She got a doctorate in cell biology sciences. She became director of studies at the EPHE Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory in 1974. She became president of the EPHE in 1990. She was the first woman to be in this position. She was also the director of the cellular pharmacology laboratory, a laboratory that the EPHE created for her. Monique Adolphe was one of the pioneers of using cell cultures to test drug toxicity. A human cell culture is a group of human cells under controlled growth, not attached to a human body. With the use of human cell cultures, pharmacists can test possibly harmful drugs on cell cultures instead of on humans. She founded the Society of Cellular Pharmacotoxicology. She was president of it for 10 years. She was a member of the European Society of Tissue Culture. She then became the president of it from 1985 to 1987. She represented France at the ECVAM (European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods) from 1992 to 1997. She co-founded the French Society of Cellular Pharmacotoxicology. She chaired the National Academy of Pharmacy in 2009. She was the first woman to hold this position since 1803. She was a member of the National Academy of Medicine. She became a full member in 2001, also becoming the first female pharmacist in the company.

## Death 
Adolphe died in Paris, France on June 27, 2022.

## References
Jane Rigby

**Jane Rigby** is an American astronomer, the James Webb Space Telescope senior project scientist at NASA, and a social activist in the astronomy community. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2024. The medal is the highest US civilian award. President Biden presented the award to her for her work on the James Webb Space Telescope. The James Webb Telescope is one of NASA’s multi-billion dollar instruments in space. The telescope helps take images of deep space. Jane Rigby is the senior project scientist. This means she helps keep the telescope working. The telescope has found many discoveries in deep space. Jane Rigby has worked with many other important telescopes in her career, like the Hubble Space Telescope, Spritzer, the Keck Telescopes, and the Chandra x-ray Telescope. She also wrote around 150 papers on her discoveries in her career.

## Early life 
She was always interested in space and wanted to be an astronaut when she was a child. Jane Rigby got a masters and doctoral degree in astronomy at the University of Arizona.  

## Activism 
She helps make queer astronauts and other groups that struggle to become astronomers more welcome in the astronomy community. She has been helping set up meetings to advocate for those groups during her career.
## References
Jane Palmer

**Jane Palmer** is the founder and CEO of Nature Coatings.

## Journey 
Jane Palmer is a graduate of Appalachian State University. Furthermore, she got a master's degree in textiles and focused on fibers and metal smithing at App State; Her sustainability efforts were inspired by her time at university. Sustainability (in an environmental context), means the ability to maintain an ecological balance in our planet's natural environment and conserve natural resources to support the well-being of current and future generations. Additionally, she worked with dyes and pigments for over 20 years, as she tried to find an environment-friendly clothing pigment. 

## Career 
Jane’s company, Nature Coating, makes pigments called BioBlack out of wood waste from the wood and paper industries. They wanted an alternative to the pigments that harmed the environment, called Carbon Black. Eventually, Nature Coatings discovered BioBlack, which is made from wood waste. This helped lessen the amount of wood waste, as they used up to 50 million tons of wood that would have been thrown away. Before Nature Coatings, Jane opened her first dye house in 2010 in Los Angeles and created plant-based dyes. Furthermore, she received two National Science Foundation grants and awards in 2016 and 2017, receiving $275,000. Overall, this company was very successful and very beneficial for the environment. 

## References
Mary Elliott Hill

**Mary Elliott Hill** (January 5, 1907) was one of the first African American female chemists in the United States. Hill’s research played a major role in the development of plastics. Her research focused on ketene synthesis. Hill also did research in ultraviolet spectrophotometry and worked in organic and analytical chemistry. When Hill became a teacher, she had a big influence on her students, which made her part of the top six chemistry teachers in the United States and Canada. Hill was a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha National Honor Society, the Tennessee Academy of Science, and the National Institute of Science. Throughout her career, Hill wrote several textbooks with her husband and co-authored more than 40 scientific papers.

She died in Frankfurt, Indiana, in 1969 and was buried in Norfolk, Virginia.
## References
Helia Bravo Hollis

**Helia Bravo Hollis** was a botanist who contributed a lot to the study of cacti. She also led and helped create many gardens and an herbarium wing. Her career with plants began in 1919. Bravo Hollis was determined to study biology even though it was not a real career back then. By 1927 she was the first certified biologist in Mexico. These books were called *El Interesante Mundo de las Cactáceas* and *Las Cactáceas de México*. Throughout her career, she discovered and recorded over 700 new cacti.

Helia Bravo Hollis was more than a scientist. She was also a professor, a leader, and a creator. In 1929, the university UNAM began to build its biology institute. She helped by creating the Herbarium wing.  An herbarium is a place where plants are stored and studied. After her travels, she became a professor of botany at UNAM in 1956. She taught there for 35 years. She worked hard and made many contributions to botany. Because of this, she received many awards. Several things were also named after her, including two gardens. One of them was the UNAM botanical garden. She helped start this garden and directed it in 1959. Many cacti were named after her as well. Six species and one subspecies were titled in her honor.

## References
France A. Córdova

France A. Córdova is known for her work as the first woman, Latina, and youngest chief scientist at NASA. When she was younger, she had very little access to science. She was discouraged from learning science at all. At Caltech, she focused on double-star systems. She accepted an offer from Penn State to become a professor in the department of astrology. She continued her astrology research for 4 years. In 1993, she was asked to leave her current work to be at NASA as a chief scientist.

France A. Córdova has many achievements working as an astrophysicist. France A. Cordova has published more than 150 scientific papers. Her multispectral research on X-ray and gamma-ray sources and spaceborne instrumentation has made her an internationally recognized astrophysicist. She has served in prominent leadership roles. Prominent means important. Additionally, she discovered a double-star system. A double-star system is a pair of stars that circle each other. It’s like two dancers holding hands and spinning around their center 

## References
Joan Murrell Owens

**Joan Murrell Owens** (born 30 June 1933) was a marine biologist. She may have been the first Black American to earn a PhD in marine geology. She found three new species of coral. She also found a group of button coral. She is known specifically for her specialty in button corals.

## Early life 
Growing up, Owens was greatly influenced by the works of Eugenie Clark and Jacques Cousteau. They increased her passion for the ocean and marine life. However, it was rare to see a woman marine biologist at the time. Also, Owens had sickle cell anemia, a sickness which made it hard for her to dive. Instead, she worked on a project with the Smithsonian Institution. She used existing button coral that were rediscovered from a British expedition in 1880. Owens taught English at Howard University, but she never gave up her dreams for marine biology. At age 51, she earned a PhD in marine geology at George Washington University. She began studying corals.

## Career 
In her research, Owens discovered three new species of coral and one new group of button coral. She was able to get a Master’s degree and a PhD in geology. She also continued the blueprints of the missing marine biologist Don Squires and published a hypothesis to why deep sea coral were able to move. A hypothesis is a theory that will be tested. She was the only woman in the geology department.  Seeing a female scientist at the time was also rare. 

## References
Helen Abbott

**Helen Abbott (Michael)** was an American physician and chemist born in Philadelphia on December 23, 1857. She was homeschooled which led to a discovery of her talent. She studied piano with a private teacher in Paris. After discovering her interest in science Abbott shifted her studies from literature, philosophy, and music, to anatomy, medicine, and zoology.

## Career 
After reading ‘Hermann von Helmholtz Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik, she decided to begin studying science as a new path in her life. Abbott contributed many articles to assist the Philadelphia college of pharmacy. The college’s trustees were so impressed with her research that she became the first woman to ever lecture at the college. Later, Abbott continued to do research and lectures, some of which were at Tufts University. Abbott received her medical degree in 1903. She created a free hospital in part of her own home and helped the ill with her knowledge of medicine (American Philosophical Society). Abbott passed away after contracting influenza from a patient she was treating.
## References
Jessica Watkins

**Jessica Watkins** is the first female black astronaut to fly a longer space mission. She has a Bachelor of Science degree in geological and environmental sciences from Stanford. Watkins also has a doctorate in geology from the University of California, Los Angeles. During her studies at UCLA, she interned for NASA at the Ames Research Facility. Watkins worked as a science team member for NASA’s Curiosity Rover. She was also a Chief Geologist with NASA at the Mars Desert Research in Utah. Additionally, she worked as an aquanaut in the underwater habitat in Florida for NEEMO’s 23rd mission. Watkins was also one of the 12 new astronaut candidates selected out of 18,300 applicants. She spent two years in basic astronaut training and another two years preparing for her ISS mission. Watkins spent six months on the ISS. She collaborated with Russian cosmonauts and served as the team’s mission specialist. Lastly, Watkins was one of 18 astronauts selected to join the scientists who worked on NASA’s Artemis project. The Artemis team was the first group in 50 years to go to the moon.
## References
Hilde Mangold

**Hilde Mangold** was a German embryologist whose research was the first to show that there is a center in an embryo that controls the development of organs and tissues. Mangold received a good education for a woman of her time and studied zoology at the University of Frankfurt. She began her doctorate at only age 21, conducting research with Hans Spemann from 1920 to 1923. At the University of Freiburg, a cast of her gravestone hangs in the zoology building and she has a building named after her at the University as well. The original slides of her experiment are archived at the Berlin Museum of Natural History.
## References
Cornelia Clapp

**Cornelia Clapp** (born March 17, 1849) was a teacher and scientist in the 1800s.  Clapp taught Mathematics and natural history.  Clapp was the first woman in the United States to receive a doctorate in biology.  During Clapp’s career, she taught mathematics and natural history, which is also known as zoology. By 1883, she was recognized as one of the greatest zoologists in the country and was awarded the title of “Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,” an honor typically given to outstanding women. Clapp enhanced the field of science education by teaching directly from observation rather than relying exclusively on textbooks.

In 1888, Syracuse University awarded her a Bachelor of Philosophy (Ph.B.), and she earned her Ph.D. a year later. In late 1899, Clapp introduced an embryology class at Mount Holyoke, which is a branch of biology and medicine concerned with the study of embryos and their development. Clapp was the first woman to obtain a doctorate in biology, achieving this milestone in 1896. 
## References
Diana Trujillo

**Diana Trujillo** has had many roles at NASA, including flight director, mission lead, and deputy team chief of engineering. She is part of the small group that leads the Mission Control Center during all of NASA’s human spaceflight missions. She was told that it would be impossible for her to have a career in space, but Trujillo became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy.  Trujillo co-created and hosted #JuntosPerserveramos, NASA’s first Spanish live broadcast of a planetary landing.  She has promoted the inclusion of Latinas at the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics and on Sesame Street.  In 2021, she was honored with the Hispanic Heritage Foundation’s STEM Awards in 2020. Trujillo’s life story was turned into a children’s picture book, celebrating her achievements and encouraging kids to get into STEM and space, and to follow their dreams. 
## References
Suzanne Amador Kane

**Suzanne Amador Kane** is an American physicist and a professor at Haverford College in Pennsylvania. She is known for using physics to study how animals move and behave. Her research has helped scientists learn more about birds like falcons and peacocks. Her work also helps engineers design better robot swarms.

Kane combines studies of zoology and physics. She taught her students in this way too. She studied many different animals and birds. Kane was the lead author on an important study about falcons. Another study included peacocks. This groundbreaking study showed that peacock feathers and crests were more than just decoration. The crests were actually sensors. The study showed that peacock feathers are tuned to vibrate at the exact same frequencies as at which a displaying peacock is rattling his tail. This also inspired her to do more research on other birds. Kane taught at Haverford College in Pennsylvania and received the prestigious American Physical Society award for her teaching. She wrote the famous book “Introduction to physics in modern medicine.” 
## References
IMac (Intel-based)

The **iMac** is a series of all-in-one desktop computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Inc. Between 2006 and 2022, the iMac series used chipsets based on Intel architecture. While sold, it was one of three desktop computers in the Mac lineup, serving as an all-in-one alternative to the Mac Mini, and sat below the performance range Mac Pro. It was sold alongside a higher-end, Xeon-based iMac Pro from 2017 to 2021.

The earliest Intel iMacs reused the same white polycarbonate enclosure as the iMac G5. Later models shifted to aluminum and plastic, and then a unibody aluminum case. The iMacs released after October 2012 also featured a much thinner display, with the edge measuring just 5&nbsp;mm. This design would persist until the line was discontinued.

As part of the Mac transition to Apple's own processors, the Intel-based iMac was succeeded by the Apple silicon iMac beginning in 2021. Apple discontinued the 21.5-inch Intel iMac the same year, with the 27-inch model discontinued in March 2022, following the announcement of the Mac Studio and 27-inch Apple Studio Display.

## References
Angie (song)

"**Angie**" is a 1973 song by The Rolling Stones and was taken from their 11th studio album *Goats Head Soup*. It went to number 5 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in the United States, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Italy, France, Norway, the Netherlands and Switzerland, number 2 in South Africa, New Zealand and Germany and number 9 in Ireland.

## References
Kashish Khan

**Kashish Khan** (born 2 June 1989) is an Indian film producer, director, writer, and actress. She is the founder and director of "Kashish Khan Production Private Limited Company". With a career spanning film production, direction.

## Early Life and Background 
Kashish Khan was born on 2 June 1989 in Faridabad, Haryana, India. She comes from a family with a strong background in social work and politics. Her mother, Basiri Khan, is an Indian politician and social worker who also serves as the director of Kashish Khan Production Private Limited Company and runs the NGO Jan Sewa Sanghthan, which focuses on public welfare. Her father, Late Pahalwan Paltu Khan, was from Kot Mewat, Haryana.

## Career 
* ***Mystery of Tattoo*** (2023) – A suspense thriller starring Arjun Rampal, Daisy Shah, Myraa Sareen, and Rohit Raaj.
* ***Riwaj*** (2024) – A socially relevant drama addressing the issue of triple talaq, featuring Aftab Shivdasani, Myraa Sareen, Mithun Chakraborty, Adhvik Mahajan, Jaya Prada, Anita Raj, and Ashwani Kapoor.
* ***Second Chance*** – Starring Arjan Bajwa, Myraa Sareen, Tanisha Mukherjee, Iulia Vântur, and Zakir Khan.
* ***Puniya Ki Duniya*** – Starring Jimmy Sheirgill, Elli AvrRam, Poonam Dhillon, Sharad Saxena, Kiku Sharda, and Shelly.

### Upcoming Dream Project 
Kashish Khan is currently working on an ambitious historical horror-biopic film on a grand scale. The project aims to redefine Indian cinema with high-end visual effects and a compelling narrative.

She appeared in:

* ***Bombay to Goa*** – A comedy film featuring Sunil Pal, Raju Srivastava, and other comedians.
* ***Barber*** – Starring Soham Shah.

### Brand Ambassador 
Between 2019 and 2022, Kashish Khan served as the Brand Ambassador of South Korea for beauty and health products. She also represented the T10 Cricket League as its brand ambassador.

### Writing and Creative Contributions 
Kashish Khan actively participates in scriptwriting and creative development for her films, ensuring that each project under her banner aligns with her artistic vision.

## References
Nuclear reactor core

design.]]
A **nuclear reactor core** is the portion of a nuclear reactor containing the nuclear fuel components where the nuclear reactions take place.

## Description 
The nuclear reactor core (also referred to as the "reactor core" or the "core") is the region within a nuclear reactor where the nuclear fuel assemblies are located and the nuclear reaction consequently takes place. The core of the reactor contains all the nuclear fuels and generates all of the heat. It contains low-enriched uranium, control systems and structural materials. The core contains hundreds of thousands of individual fuel pins.

## Water-moderated reactors 
Inside the core of a typical pressurized water reactor or boiling water reactor are nuclear fuel rods equivalent to the diameter of a large gel type ink-pen, each about  long, which are grouped by the hundreds in bundles called "fuel assemblies". Inside each fuel rod, pellets of uranium, or more commonly uranium oxide, are stacked end to end. Also inside the core are control rods, filled with pellets of substances like boron or hafnium or cadmium that readily capture neutrons. When the control rods are lowered into the core, they absorb neutrons, which thus cannot take part in the chain reaction. Conversely, when the control rods are lifted out of the way, more neutrons strike the fissile uranium-235 (U-235) or plutonium-239 (Pu-239) nuclei in nearby fuel rods, and the chain reaction intensifies. 

The heat of the fission reaction is removed by the water, which also acts to moderate the neutron reactions.

An alternative form of nuclear fuel would be fissile uranium-233 (U-233) made by the neutron-bombardment of the common thorium-232.

## Graphite-moderated reactors 
 core]]
There are also Graphite moderated reactors in use.

One type uses solid graphite for the neutron moderator and ordinary water for the coolant. See the Soviet-made RBMK nuclear-power reactor. This was the type of reactor involved in the Chernobyl disaster. 

In the advanced gas-cooled reactor, a British design, the core is made of a graphite neutron moderator where the fuel assemblies are located. Carbon dioxide gas acts as a coolant and it circulates through the graphite removing heat.

There have also been several experimental reactors that use graphite for moderation, such as the pebble bed reactor concepts and the molten-salt reactor experiment (graphite core shown at right).

## Related pages
*Nuclear meltdown
*Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
*Nuclear power
*Nuclear reactor technology

## References
*Nuclear Reactor Analysis, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
Power Mac G5

The **Power Mac G5** is a series of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 2003 to 2006 as part of the Power Mac series.  When introduced, it was the most powerful computer in Apple's Macintosh lineup, and was marketed by the company as the world's first 64-bit desktop computer.  It was also the first desktop computer from Apple to use an anodized aluminum alloy enclosure, and one of only three computers in Apple's lineup to utilize the PowerPC 970 CPU, the others being the iMac G5 and the Xserve G5.

Three generations of Power Mac G5 were released before it was discontinued as part of the Mac transition to Intel processors, making way for its replacement, the Mac Pro. The Mac Pro retained a variation of the G5's enclosure design for seven more years, making it among the longest-lived designs in Apple's history.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Ars Technica: Inside the PowerPC 970
*Ars Technica: A Brief Look at the PowerPC 970
*Ars Technica Review: Power Mac G5 Dual 2.5 GHz
*Forevermac.com: The Power Mac G5 Quad Core 2.5 GHz
Life Goes On

"**Life Goes On**" is a song by LeAnn Rimes. It was released in August 5, 2002.

## Music video
The music video was directed by Matthew Rolston and premiered on VH1 on July 29, 2002.

## References
Satendra Singh Lohiya

**Satendra Singh Lohiya** (born 6 July 1987) is an Indian paraswimmer. He has 70% in both legs but became known for long-distance sea swimming. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 2024 for his contribution to Indian sports.

## Early life 
Satendra was born in Bhind, Madhya Pradesh. He became disabled at 15 days old due to a medical condition. He was encouraged by IAS officer P. Narahari and trained under Dr. Virendra Dabas. He started competitive swimming in 2009.

## Swimming achievements 
* In 2018, Satendra and three other para swimmers from India crossed the English Channel in a relay in 12 hours and 26 minutes.

* In 2019, he crossed the Catalina Channel in the United States in 11 hours and 34 minutes, making an Asian record.

* In 2022, he completed the 36 km North Channel between Ireland and Scotland in icy waters as part of a relay team.

* In 2023, he was part of a team that swam the English Channel two ways (72 km) in relay format.

## Awards 
He received:
* *Vikram Award* (2014), top sports award of Madhya Pradesh.
* *Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award* (2019), presented by President Ram Nath Kovind.
* *Padma Shri* (2024) for contribution to sports.

## Awareness Campaign 
In 2023, he led a 4,320 km bike rally from Kanyakumari to Kashmir to raise awareness about disability rights and para sports.

## Book 
A biography titled *A Life-Changing Approach* was written by Devrishi in 2024, highlighting his life and motivation.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Paralympic.org profile
99 Movement

The **99 Movement** (Hungarian: *99 Mozgalom*) was a cross-party political movement in Hungary, announced on May 15, 2021, by Gergely Karácsony, the mayor of Budapest.

The 99 Movement was started to help Gergely Karácsony win the 2021 Hungarian opposition primary and then, as the opposition coalition’s candidate for prime minister, the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election. 

He stressed that he wants a country where no one labels others as traitors, and where people don’t have to pick between loving their country and wanting progress, between being Hungarian and supporting Europe, or between Budapest and the countryside.

The movement has now completely disappeared and its website has also been removed.

## References
ScandiKitchen

**ScandiKitchen** is a delicatessen and grocery store in the West End of London that serves Scandinavian food. Its menu is based on smørrebrød, a Danish type of open sandwich where various foods, including meat, fish, cheese, spreads or garnishes, are placed on top of a slice of rye bread. The grocery section sells over 600 food products from Scandinavia, including a large selection of pickled herring, speciality cheeses, crispbreads, chocolate and salty liquorice. It opened in 2007, and is the first Scandinavian delicatessen in London.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Tesla Model 3

The **Tesla Model 3** is a electric mid-size car with a fastback body style built and made by Tesla. It was launched on 2017. The car became more cheaper for people who cannot buy older Tesla vehicles. It was approved New York City Taxi car.

## Sales 
In February 2019, Tesla Model 3 became the best-selling luxury car in United States.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Hexachloroethane

**Hexachloroethane** is a chlorinated derivative of ethane with the formula . It is a colourless crystalline solid that sublimates. It was used in smoke bombs and formerly as a parasite medication for animals.

It was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1820.

## References
(Feels Like) Heaven

"**(Feels Like) Heaven**" is a 1983 song by Scottish new wave Fiction Factory and is the second single from their debut studio album *Throw the Warped Wheel Out*. It went to number 6 in the United Kingdom, number 4 in Ireland, number 1 in Paraguay, number 2 in Switzerland, number 10 in Germany, number 20 in Austria, number 24 in New Zealand and number 16 in the Netherlands.

## Track listing
**7"**
# "(Feels Like) Heaven"
# "Everyone but You"

**12"**
# "(Feels Like) Heaven" (Remix)
# "Everyone but You"
# "This Is"

## References