October 23

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 42 BC &ndash; Roman civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi – Mark Antony and Octavian defeat the army of Marcus Junius Brutus, who commits suicide shortly after.
* 425 &ndash; Valentinian III becomes Roman Emperor, at the age of 6.
* 1086 &ndash; Battle of az-Zallaqah: The army of Yusuf ibn Tashfa defeats forces of King Alfonso VI of Castile.
* 1157 &ndash; The Battle of Grathe-Heath ends the civil war in Denmark. King Sweyn III is killed and Valdemar I of Denmark takes over. 
* 1295 &ndash; Scotland and France sign the first treaty of the 'Auld Alliance' in Paris, against England.
* 1520 &ndash; Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in Aachen.
* 1642 &ndash; English Civil War: The Battle of Edgehill
* 1707 &ndash; The first parliament of Great Britain meets.
* 1739 &ndash; War of Jenkins' Ear: British Prime Minister Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain.
* 1812 &ndash; Charles Francois de Malet, a French general, begins a conspiracy to overthrow then-Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, by falsely claiming that he (Napoleon) had died in his attempt to conquer Russia.
* 1850 &ndash; The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts.
* 1864 &ndash; American Civil War: Union forces defeat the Confederates in the Battle of Westport.
* 1870 &ndash; Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive Prussian victory.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1906 &ndash; Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an aircraft in the first heavier-than-air flight, in Paris.
* 1912 &ndash; The Battle of Kumanovo between Russian and Ottoman forces begins.
* 1915 &ndash; 25,000 to 33,000 women march on Fifth Avenue in New York City to advocate their right to vote.
* 1917 &ndash; Vladimir Lenin calls for the October Revolution in Russia.
* 1929 &ndash; Great Depression: The first signs of panic show.
* 1940 &ndash; Norwegian Hurtigruten passenger steamer *Prinsesse Ragnhild* sinks after an explosion off northern Norway, killing 299 people on board.
* 1941 &ndash; World War II: Georgy Zhukov takes command of the Red Army operation to prevent the Nazis' further advances into Russia.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: The Second Battle of El Alamein takes place, as the British Eighth Army begins an offensive to expel the Axis armies from Egypt.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: The Battle of Henderson Field begins in the Guadalcanal Campaign, lasting until October 26.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: The Red Army enters Hungary.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines.
* 1946 &ndash; In New York, the UN General Assembly meets for the first time.
* 1956 &ndash; The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 against Soviet rule begins.
* 1958 &ndash; The Smurfs cartoons appear for the first time.
* 1958 &ndash; The Springhill Mine Bump mining disaster in Nova Scotia, killing 74 people, with 100 surviving the accident.
* 1970 &ndash; Gary Gabelich sets a land-speed record in a rocket–powered automobile called the Blue Flame, fueled by natural gas.
* 1972 &ndash; Vietnam War: Operation Linebacker – The US ends a bombing campaign of North Vietnam following the Easter Offensive.
* 1973 &ndash; A UN–sanctioned ceasefire officially ends the Yom Kippur War between Israel and Syria.
* 1983 &ndash; A truck bomb hits a US barracks in Lebanon, killing 241 troops. On the same day, another truck bomb hits a French barracks, killing 58 military personnel.
* 1989 &ndash; The Hungarian Republic is declared.
* 1989 &ndash; The Philips Disaster in Pasadena, Texas kills 23 people.
* 1992 &ndash; Akihito becomes the first Japanese Emperor to stand on Chinese soil.
* 1995 &ndash; Yolanda Saldivar is convicted of murdering the singer Selena on March 31 of the same year.

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; The iPod is released.
* 2002 &ndash; The Moscow Theatre Siege begins, as Chechen terrorists take around 700 theatregoers hostage.
* 2003 &ndash; The Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California, designed by Frank Gehry, is opened.
* 2004 &ndash; An earthquake in the Niigata Prefecture in Japan kills 35 people and injures around 2,200.
* 2005 &ndash; Hurricane Wilma hits the Yucatán, in Mexico.
* 2005 &ndash; Lech Kaczynski is elected President of Poland, ahead of Donald Tusk.
* 2011 &ndash; New Zealand wins the Rugby World Cup, defeating France 8–7 in Auckland.
* 2011 &ndash; Motorcycle rider Marco Simoncelli is killed in a crash at the Malaysian Moto GP.
* 2011 &ndash; A powerful magnitude 7.2 earthquake hits Van Province, in eastern Turkey.
* 2012 &ndash; The BBC ends its 38-year teletext service Ceefax, with Northern Ireland completing the United Kingdom's transition to digital television broadcasting.
* 2015 &ndash; Hurricane Patricia is measured as the heaviest hurricane ever to hit North or Central America, as it hits the Pacific Ocean coast of Mexico.
* 2015 &ndash; 43 people, mostly pensioners on a day-trip, die in a coach crash in Southwestern France, in one of the country's deadliest-ever road accidents.
* 2018 &ndash; The Hong Kong-Zhuhai–Macau Bridge is officially opened by Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping.
* 2018 &ndash; October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts: A mail bomb addressed to former United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is caught by police, after one addressed to George Soros was caught the previous day.
* 2019 &ndash; The bodies of 39 people are found in a lorry trailer at Purfleet, Essex, England.

## Births
### Up to 1900
* 63 BC &ndash; Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Roman general (d. 12 BC)
* 1503 &ndash; Isabella of Portugal (d. 1539)
* 1516 &ndash; Charlotte of Valois, French princess (d. 1524)
* 1634 &ndash; Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1715)
* 1654 &ndash; Johann Bernhard Staudt, Austrian Jesuit composer (d. 1712)
* 1713 &ndash; Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778)
* 1715 &ndash; Tsar Peter II of Russia (d. 1730)
* 1762 &ndash; Samuel Morey, American inventor (d. 1843)
* 1770 &ndash; George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie, Scottish soldier and colonial administrator (d. 1838)
* 1771 &ndash; Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (d. 1813)
* 1796 &ndash; Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1857)
* 1801 &ndash; Albert Lortzing, German composer (d. 1851)
* 1813 &ndash; Ludwig Leichhardt, German explorer (d. 1848)
* 1815 &ndash; Joao Mauricio Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (d. 1889)
* 1817 &ndash; Pierre Athanase Larousse, French lexicographer (d. 1875)
* 1831 &ndash; Basil Lanneau Gilders Lane, American classical scholar (d. 1924)
* 1835 &ndash; Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)
* 1844 &ndash; Robert Bridges, English poet (d. 1930)
* 1857 &ndash; Juan Luna, Filipino painter (d. 1899)
* 1868 &ndash; Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, British industrialist, financier and politician (d. 1930)
* 1869 &ndash; John Heisman, American football player and coach (d. 1936)
* 1871 &ndash; Gjergj Fishta, Albanian poet (d. 1940)
* 1873 &ndash; William D. Coolidge, American physicist and inventor (d. 1975)
* 1875 &ndash; Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946)
* 1876 &ndash; Franz Schlegelberger, German politician (d. 1970)
* 1880 &ndash; Una O'Connor, Irish actress (d. 1959)
* 1885 &ndash; Lawren Harris, Canadian painter (d. 1970)
* 1893 &ndash; Gummo Marx, American actor (d. 1977)
* 1894 &ndash; Rube Bressler, American baseball player (d. 1966)
* 1896 &ndash; Roman Jakobson, Russian-born linguist (d. 1982)
* 1896 &ndash; Lilyan Tashman, American actress (b. 1934)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1905 &ndash; Felix Bloch, Swiss physicist (d. 1983)
* 1905 &ndash; Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (d. 2003)
* 1905 &ndash; Yen Chia-han, President of the Republic of China (d. 1993)
* 1908 &ndash; Ilya Frank, Russian physicist (d. 1990)
* 1910 &ndash; Richard Mortensen, Danish painter (d. 1993)
* 1910 &ndash; Hayden Rorke, American actor (d. 1987)
* 1911 &ndash; Jack Keller, American hurdler (d. 1978)
* 1918 &ndash; James Daly, American actor (d. 1978)
* 1919 &ndash; Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist (d. 1992)
* 1920 &ndash; Lygia Clark, Brazilian artist (d. 1988)
* 1920 &ndash; Bob Montana, American cartoonist (d. 1975)
* 1922 &ndash; Jean Barker, Baroness Trumpington, English politician (d. 2018)
* 1922 &ndash; Coleen Gray, American actress (d. 2015)
* 1923 &ndash; Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, Vice President of India (d. 2010)
* 1925 &ndash; Manos Hadjidakis, Greek composer (d. 1994)
* 1925 &ndash; Johnny Carson, American television host (d. 2005)
* 1927 &ndash; Barron Hilton, American businessman (d. 2019)
* 1927 &ndash; Leszek Kolakowski, Polish philosopher (d. 2009)
* 1927 &ndash; Dezso Gyarmati, Hungarian water polo player (d. 2013)
* 1928 &ndash; Zhu Rongji, Chinese politician
* 1929 &ndash; Shamsur Rahman, Bangladeshi poet, columnist and journalist (d. 2006)
* 1931 &ndash; Diana Dors, British actress (d. 1984)
* 1931 &ndash; Jim Bunning, American baseball player and politician
* 1936 &ndash; Philip Kaufman, American director
* 1938 &ndash; H. John Heinz III, American politician (d. 1991)
* 1940 &ndash; Pelé, Brazilian footballer
* 1940 &ndash; Jane Holzer, American model, actress, producer and art collector
* 1941 &ndash; Lawrence Foster, American conductor
* 1941 &ndash; Igor Smirnov, Moldovan politician
* 1942 &ndash; Bernd Erdmann, German footballer
* 1942 &ndash; Michael Crichton, American writer (d. 2008)
* 1942 &ndash; Anita Roddick, British businesswoman (d. 2007)
* 1945 &ndash; Maggi Hambling, British painter and sculptor
* 1945 &ndash; Kim Larsen, Danish musician and singer (d. 2018)
* 1945 &ndash; Michel Vautrot, French football referee
* 1947 &ndash; Kazimierz Deyna, Polish footballer (d. 1989)
* 1947 &ndash; Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, leader of Hamas (d. 2004)
* 1948 &ndash; Gerry Robinson, Irish businessman and television presenter
* 1949 &ndash; Michael Burston (Wurzel), British musician (Motorhead) (d. 2011)

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Charly García, Argentine singer
* 1951 &ndash; Fatmir Sejdiu, former President of Kosovo
* 1951 &ndash; Angel de Andres Lopez, Spanish actor (d. 2016)
* 1952 &ndash; Ken Tipton, American entrepreneur, actor, director, writer and producer
* 1954 &ndash; Ang Lee, Taiwanese movie director
* 1954 &ndash; Uli Stein, German footballer
* 1956 &ndash; Dianne Reeves, American jazz singer
* 1956 &ndash; Dwight Yoakam, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor
* 1957 &ndash; Martin Luther King III, American activist
* 1957 &ndash; Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda
* 1959 &ndash; Sam Raimi, American movie director
* 1959 &ndash; "Weird Al" Yankovic, American musical parodist
* 1960 &ndash; Randy Pausch, American computer scientist and writer (d. 2008)
* 1961 &ndash; Andoni Zubizarreta, Spanish footballer
* 1962 &ndash; Stefano Colantuono, Italian footballer and coach
* 1963 &ndash; Rashidi Yekini, Nigerian footballer (d. 2012)
* 1964 &ndash; Robert Trujillo, American musician (Metallica)
* 1967 &ndash; Omar Linares, Cuban baseball player
* 1968 &ndash; Maria Darling, English voice actress
* 1969 &ndash; Trudi Canavan, Australian writer
* 1969 &ndash; Dolly Buster, Czech-German pornographic actress
* 1970 &ndash; Matthew Barzun, American diplomat
* 1971 &ndash; Bohuslav Sobotka, Czech politician, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
* 1973 &ndash; Christian Dailly, Scottish footballer
* 1975 &ndash; Yoon Sun-ha, South Korean actress and singer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Cat Deeley, British television personality
* 1976 &ndash; Ryan Reynolds, Canadian actor
* 1978 &ndash; Jimmy Bullard, English footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Archie Thompson, Australian footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Steve Harmison, English cricketer
* 1978 &ndash; John Lackey, American baseball player
* 1979 &ndash; Simon Davies, Welsh footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Izabel Goulart, Brazilian model
* 1984 &ndash; Meghan McCain, American columnist and author
* 1985 &ndash; Masiela Lusha, Albanian-born American writer and actress
* 1985 &ndash; Lachlan Gillespie, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
* 1985 &ndash; Mohammed Abdellaoue, Norwegian footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Briana Evigan, American actress
* 1986 &ndash; Jessica Stroup, American actress
* 1986 &ndash; Emilia Clarke, English actress
* 1987 &ndash; Faye Hamlin, Swedish singer
* 1988 &ndash; Jordan Crawford, American basketball player
* 1989 &ndash; Andriy Yarmolenko, Ukrainian footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Paradise Oskar, Finnish singer
* 1991 &ndash; Princess Mako of Akishino of Japan
* 1992 &ndash; Alvaro Morata, Spanish footballer
* 1993 &ndash; Taylor Spreitler, American actress
* 1994 &ndash; Georgia Toffolo, English television personality
* 1997 &ndash; Daphne Blunt, American actress and singer
* 1998 &ndash; Amandla Stenberg, American actress

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 42 BC &ndash; Marcus Junius Brutus (suicide) (b. 85 BC)
* 877 &ndash; Ignatius, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 797)
* 891 &ndash; Yazaman al-Khadim, Arab military leader
* 930 &ndash; Emperor Daigo of Japan (b. 885)
* 1157 &ndash; Sweyn III of Denmark (b. 1120)
* 1456 &ndash; Giovanni da Capistrano, Italian saint (b. 1381)
* 1581 &ndash; Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1529)
* 1616 &ndash; Leonhard Hutter, German theologian (b. 1563)
* 1774 &ndash; Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary and scientist (b. 1715)
* 1869 &ndash; Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799)
* 1872 &ndash; Théophile Gautier, French writer (b. 1811)
* 1885 &ndash; Charles S. West, Texan jurist and politician (b. 1829)
* 1893 &ndash; Alexander Battenberg, Prince of Bulgaria (b. 1857)
* 1896 &ndash; Columbus Delano, American politician (b. 1809)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1910 &ndash; Chulalongkorn (Rama V), King of Siam (now Thailand) (b. 1853)
* 1915 &ndash; W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848)
* 1921 &ndash; John Boyd Dunlop, Scottish inventor (b. 1840)
* 1930 &ndash; Vicente Casanova y Marzol, Archbishop of Granada (b. 1854)
* 1938 &ndash; Jean-Guy Gautier, French rugby player (b. 1875)
* 1939 &ndash; Zane Grey, American writer (b. 1872)
* 1940 &ndash; George R. Cortelyou, American politician (b. 1862)
* 1944 &ndash; Charles Glover Barkla, English physicist (b. 1877)
* 1944 &ndash; Hana Brady, Czech Holocaust victim (b. 1931)
* 1948 &ndash; Carl Edward Bailey, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1894)
* 1950 &ndash; Al Jolson, American singer and actor (b. 1886)
* 1957 &ndash; Christian Dior, French fashion designer (b. 1905)
* 1959 &ndash; Gerda Lundequist, Swedish actress (b. 1871)
* 1979 &ndash; Antonio Caggiano, Argentine cardinal (b. 1889)
* 1983 &ndash; Jessica Savitch, journalist (b. 1947)
* 1984 &ndash; Oskar Werner, Austrian actor (b. 1922)
* 1986 &ndash; Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, won the 1843 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1893)
* 1988 &ndash; Asashio Taro III, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1929)
* 1989 &ndash; Armida, Mexican-American actress, singer and dancer (b. 1911)
* 1990 &ndash; Louis Althusser, French Marxist philosopher (b. 1918)
* 1994 &ndash; Robert Lansing, American actor (b. 1928)
* 1997 &ndash; Bert Haanstra, Dutch director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1916)
* 2000 &ndash; Rodney Adnoa'i, Samoan-American professional wrestler (b. 1966)

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; Tony Capstick, British actor, comedian, musician and broadcaster (b. 1944)
* 2003 &ndash; Soong May-ling, widow of Chiang Kai-shek (b. 1898)
* 2004 &ndash; George Silk, New Zealand-American photographer (b. 1916)
* 2005 &ndash; John Muth, American economist (b. 1930)
* 2009 &ndash; Lou Jacobi, Canadian actor (b. 1913)
* 2010 &ndash; David Thompson, Prime Minister of Barbados (b. 1961)
* 2011 &ndash; Nusrat Bhutto, former First Lady of Pakistan (b. 1929)
* 2011 &ndash; Marco Simoncelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1987)
* 2011 &ndash; Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician and Nobel Prize–winning chemist (b. 1917)
* 2011 &ndash; John McCarthy, American computer scientist (b. 1927)
* 2011 &ndash; Bronislovas Lubys, former Prime Minister of Lithuania (b. 1938)
* 2012 &ndash; Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian novelist and poet (b. 1934)
* 2012 &ndash; Wilhelm Brasse, Polish photographer (b. 1917)
* 2013 &ndash; Bill Mazer, American TV and radio presenter (b. 1920)
* 2013 &ndash; Anthony Caro, British sculptor (b. 1924)
* 2014 &ndash; Alvin Stardust, British singer (b. 1942)
* 2014 &ndash; Ghulam Azam, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1922)
* 2014 &ndash; John Bramlett, American football player (b. 1941)
* 2014 &ndash; Bernard Mayes, British author and broadcaster (b. 1929)
* 2014 &ndash; André Piters, Belgian footballer (b. 1931)
* 2014 &ndash; Tullio Regge, Italian physicist (b. 1931)
* 2015 &ndash; Krunoslav Hulak, Croatian chess player (b. 1951)
* 2015 &ndash; Leon Bibb, American folk singer (b. 1922)
* 2015 &ndash; Paride Tumburus, Italian footballer (b. 1939)
* 2015 &ndash; Jimmy Roberts, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1946)
* 2016 &ndash; Jimmy Perry, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1923)
* 2016 &ndash; Pete Burns, English singer-songwriter (b. 1959)
* 2016 &ndash; Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, former Emir of Qatar (b. 1932)
* 2017 &ndash; Walter Lassally, German-born British-Greek cinematographer (b. 1926)
* 2017 &ndash; Paul J. Weitz, American pilot and astronaut (b. 1932)
* 2018 &ndash; Skip Campbell, American politician (b. 1948)
* 2018 &ndash; James Karen, American actor (b. 1923)
* 2018 &ndash; Alojz Rebula, Italian-Slovenian writer, playwright and essayist (b. 1924)
* 2018 &ndash; Laurens van Ravens, Belgian football referee (b. 1922)
* 2019 &ndash; Santos Juliá, Spanish historian and sociologist (b. 1940)
* 2019 &ndash; James W. Montgomery, American Episcopalian prelate (b. 1921)
* 2019 &ndash; Alfred Znamierowski, Polish vexillologist (b. 1940)

## Observances 
* Mole Day (Chemists)
* Chulalongkorn Day (Thailand)
* National Day of Hungary
* Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle