open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Seasonal affective disorder

**Seasonal affective disorder** (SAD), also called winter depression, winter blues, summer depression and seasonal depression, is a mood disorder that happens in people who have normal mental health throughout most of the year. They show depressive symptoms at the same time each year, usually in the winter.

## Cause and Symptoms 
Some people think that SAD is related to not having enough serotonin because they don't get enough sunlight, which could cause serotonin polymorphisms. Serotonin polymorphisms could be the cause in SAD, although it has been disputed (people think it's not correct).

Some symptoms are:
*Feeling sad, grumpy anxious or moody (getting angry or sad without warning)
*Losing interest in your usual activities
*Gaining weight
*Sleep and appetite problems
*Less social interaction
*Difficulty concentrating and making choices
*Feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness

## Treatment 
Treatments include light therapy, medication, ionized-air administration, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and taking the hormone melatonin at the right time. Doctors often cure SAD with bright light therapy, although normal light therapy is the most common treatment for SAD. Part of light therapy can include being in sunlight, either directly from being outside, or by using a computer controlled heliostat (a device that includes a mirror, usually a plain mirror, usually turns to keep reflecting sunlight on a specific object) to reflect into the windows of a home or office. Physical exercise is also a good form of therapy for SAD, especially when combined with other forms of treatments.

## References
Francesc Macià i Llussà

]]

**Francesc Macià i Llussà** (1859 - 1933) was the 122nd President of Catalonia. He was also a Catalan officer in the Spanish Army.

## Life
Macià achieved the rank of lieutenant-colonel during his military career.
He condemned the assault of some Spanish officers on the journal *La Veu de Catalunya* in 1905. He was forced to abandon the army.
 

In 1922 he founded the independentist party Estat Català. 

In 1926 he attempted a revolt against the Spanish dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. This uprising was based in Prats de Molló (Roussillon). It was aborted by the French Gendarmerie, but it gained a lot of popularity for his cause in Catalonia.

In 1931 Macià proclaimed the *Free Catalan Republic* in Barcelona. He was forced afterwards to settle for partial autonomy within the new Spanish Republic. Macià was the President of Generalitat from 1932 until his death in 1933. He is buried at the Montjuïc Cemetery in Barcelona's Montjuïc hill.

## References
Alpha and Omega 3: The Great Wolf Games

***Alpha and Omega 3: The Great Wolf Games*** is a 2014 American computer-animated comedy/adventure movie. It is the third installment in the *Alpha and Omega* franchise. Like the second one, this movie is directed by Richard Rich and Perry Andelin Blake and written by Tom Kane. *Alpha and Omega 3* follows the story of The Great Wolf Games, a contest where puppies from different packs compete. Runt, Stinky and Claudette also join in, even though their pack "took a pass on the games", with Humphrey as their coach.

The movie is a sequel to *Alpha and Omega* and *Alpha and Omega 2: A Howl-iday Adventure*. It came out on iTunes on March 4, 2014. It was released on March 25, 2014 as a Walmart Exclusive. 

## Plot
Kate, Humphrey, and the puppies are back in Jasper. Kate has to leave on a hunting trip with the others. Humphrey has to take care of the puppies. Runt, Stinky and Claudette hear about The Great Wolf Games from another puppy from the Northern Pack named Fleet. He has a crush on Claudette and tells them that the Western Pack won't be in the games. Claudette insists on forming their own team with Brent a grizzly bear cub, and Agnes a porcupine. Humphrey becomes their coach.

## Production
Director Richard Rich said there would be third and fourth movies in the franchise. He directs *Alpha and Omega 3*. Tom Kane wrote the script. He was also the uncredited co-director. 
## Reception
*Alpha and Omega 3: The Great Wolf Games* received mixed reviews from critics, having 44% in Rotten Tomatoes and a 42 out of 100 in Metacritic and mostly positive reviews by fans (with audience rating of 77%). However, it wasn't as successful as *Alpha and Omega 2*. The movie's consensus in Rotten Tomatoes is: "*Alpha and Omega 3: The Great Wolf Games* does have improved animation, lovable characters and it'll definitely entertain kids and die hard fans of the franchise, but it seems to suffer from a lazy story and a thinly-written script". Critics noted the animation's improvement, nice humor, likable characters and improved ending, but criticized the movie's story and the absence of the rest of the main characters. However, fans of the franchise had mostly positive reactions for the movie. Though they expressed disappointment on the story and for the lack of the original characters, they praised the movie on everything else. 

## Sequels
*Alpha and Omega: The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave* came out on iTunes on September 23, 2014. It was released on DVD, Digital HD and Pay-Per-View on October 7.

## References
## Other websites
*
Iñaki Azkuna

**Iñaki Azkuna Urreta** (14 February 1943 &ndash; 20 March 2014) was a Spanish politician of the Basque Nationalist Party. From 1999 until his death, he was mayor of the city of Bilbao, Biscay in the Basque Country. In 2012, he won the World Mayor Prize, honoring the most outstanding mayors in the world. He was born in Durango, Biscay.

Azkuna died from prostate cancer on 20 March 2014 in Bilbao, Biscay. He was 71 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Iñaki Azkuna at City Mayors
Maddie Blaustein

**Madeleine "Maddie" Blaustein** (October 9, 1960 – December 11, 2008) was an American voice actress. Until her death, Blaustein was the voice of Sartorius in *Yu-Gi-Oh! GX*. She was also the voice of Meowth in the *Pokémon* anime.

## Personal life 
Blaustein was born intersex. She was a male when she was born, and lived as male for many years until changing to female.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bert I. Gordon

**Bert Ira Gordon** (September 24, 1922 &ndash; March 8, 2023) was an American movie maker. He made many movies that are science fiction. He made his first movie when he was 32 in 1955, called *King Dinosaur*. In the movie, a group of astronauts go to another planet and find lots of strange creatures.

In an interview with Shout! Factory, he explained he always wanted to make movies ever since one of his relatives gave him a video camera.

Gordon had a daughter, Susan. She was a child actor. She even starred in Bert's movie, *Tormented*.

Gordon died on March 8, 2023 at a hospital in Los Angeles, California at the age of 100.

## References
## Other websites
*
Durrington Walls

**Durrington Walls** is the site of a large Neolithic settlement and later henge enclosure in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site. It is 2 miles north-east of Stonehenge in the parish of Durrington, just north of Amesbury.

Excavations in 2013 by a team has revealed a huge settlement; 1,000 homes have been found, supporting a population of 4,000 people at one time. The village was carbon dated to about 2600 B.C.

The monument was on "an extraordinary scale" and unique, researchers said.
The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes team has been creating an underground map of the area in a five-year project.

Remote sensing and geophysical imaging technology has been used to reveal evidence of nearly 100 stones without the need for excavation.

The monument is just under two miles (three kilometers) from Stonehenge, Wiltshire, and is thought to have been a Neolithic ritual site.

It is the "largest Neolithic settlement in the whole of northern Europe". At 500m in diameter, the henge is the largest in Britain and recent evidence suggests that it was a complementary monument to Stonehenge.

What visibly remains of Durrington Walls today is the 'walls' of the henge monument. This is now a ridge surrounding a central basin. Originally the ditch was some 5 and a half meters deep, 7 meters wide at its bottom and 18 meters wide at the top. The bank was in some areas thirty meters wide. There were two entrances through the bank and ditch – at the north western and south eastern ends. The henge enclosed several timber circles and smaller enclosures – not all of which have been excavated. Several Neolithic house floors have been found next to and under the eastern bank of the henge. Their density suggests that there was a very large village on the sloping river bank on this side.

About three feet underneath  Durrington Walls, there are remains of about 90 standing stones, maybe from an earlier time.  The stones are in a "slightly curved row."  They were found in 2015, using special archaeological research tools and methods including  ground-penetrating radar. Scientists do not know if this feature is the same age as  early Stonehenge or not.  

## References
Nicholas of Cusa

**Nicholas of Kues** (1401 – August 11, 1464) or **Nicolaus Cusanus** and **Nicholas of Cusa**,  was a German philosopher, theologian, jurist, and astronomer. He was one of the first German proponents of Renaissance humanism.

## References
## Other websites
Werner Forssmann

**Werner Theodor Otto Forßmann** (29 August 1904 – 1 June 1979) was a German physician. He was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956. Forssmann studied the active principles and discovered cardiac catheterization.
Bernard Katz

**Sir Bernard Katz** (26 March 1911 – 20 April 2003) was a British physician of Jewish-German descent. He was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970. He studied the active principles of neurotransmitter and nerve biochemistry.
Panasonic

**Panasonic Corporation**, formerly known as **Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd**, is a multinational electronics company. Panasonic is known for their electronics products. The company was created by Kōnosuke Matsushita in 1918. It is the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world. The company was known, as Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. from 1935 to October 1, 2008.

## Products 
Panasonic has a products such as televisions, mobile phones, laptops, air conditioners, washing machine, refrigerator, cameras, video game systems, lightning, projectors and bicycles.

## References
## Other websites
*Panasonic Global website
Suzanne Moore

**Suzanne Moore** (born 1958) is an English journalist. Moore was born in Ipswich to an American father and a Tory-voting working-class mother. She is a feminist.
She was the winner of the Orwell Prize for Journalism in 2019. and resigned from The Guardian in 2020.

## References
Clive James

**Clive James** AO CBE (born **Vivian Leopold James**; 7 October 1939 &ndash; 24 November 2019) was an Australian writer, critic, broadcaster, poet, translator and memoirist. He is best known for his autobiographical series *Unreliable Memoirs*.

## Early life 
James was born in Kogarah, Sydney, New South Wales. He lived in the United Kingdom since 1961 until his death. He has two children. He was an atheist.

## Death 
James was diagnosed with leukemia and emphysema in 2010. He died on 24 of November 2019 in Cambridge at the age of 80.

## Related pages
*List of poets from Oceania
## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Austin & Ally

***Austin & Ally*** is an American sitcom. It started on December 2, 2011, on the Disney Channel. The main characters are Austin (Ross Lynch) Ally (Laura Marano) Trish (Raini Rodriguez) and Dez (Calum Worthy). The story is set in Miami. Most of the time the characters are in Sonic Boom, a music shop. The shop is owned by Ally’s father, but Ally is the manager. Austin and Ally have their rehearsal room in Sonic Boom. There are secondary characters in this sitcom: Ally's parent, Nelson and Jimmy Star (the boss of Austin’s recording studio).

## Plot 
*Austin & Ally *is a comedy about the friendship of the singer and musician Austin Moon (Ross Lynch) and the shy songwriter Ally Dawson (Laura Marano). In the show, Ally has strong stage fright (fear of being on a stage in front of many people).

In the first episode called "Rockers & Writers", Austin secretly sings and records one of Ally's songs. He becomes famous from it after his best friend Dez (Calum Worthy) helps him make a music video for the song and posts it on the internet. Ally is convinced by her best friend Trish (Raini Rodriguez) to tell people she wrote the song. Austin convinces Ally to join him to write songs. The two become friends and work on making Austin more famous. Trish becomes Austin's manager and Dez creates Austin's music videos. The four of them have many adventures in Austin's music career. Austin gets signed to a character Jimmy Star's record label at the end of the first season.

Austin and Ally work together to solve problems in the second season. Ally gets rid of her stage fright by performing with Austin. Ally signs a record deal and records an album. Austin goes on a national tour. Ally does not go to the first part of Austin's tour but does go to the second half.

## Main cast 
* Ross Lynch as **Austin Moon**, an outgoing singer who became famous on the internet. Austin's best friends are Dez, Ally and Trish. He loves singing, dancing, and having fun. His middle name is Monica. He is shown as sweet, childish, and caring for others. Austin starts to like Ally romantically in Season 2. Austin goes on his first big tour at the end of Season 2.
* Laura Marano as **Ally Dawson**, a singer and songwriter who had stage fright. She started writing songs for herself. She later became friends with Austin and made songs with him too. She works at her father's music store, Sonic Boom. Ally begins her own career in Season 2. Ally likes Austin romantically in Season 2.
* Raini Rodriguez as **Trish**, Ally's best friend and Austin's manager. She changes her jobs a lot because she does not work hard or go to work a lot. The one job she is good at is being Austin's manager. Trish also became Ally's manager in Season 2. She sometimes loves and sometimes hates Dez. She cares for her friends.
* Calum Worthy as **Dez**, a director who wears unusual clothes and is not very smart. He films Austin's music videos and is Austin's best friend. He sometimes loves and sometimes hates Trish. He is usually not serious. He carries strange things in his backpack.

## Episodes
## References
Trans-Saharan trade

used to be an important town on the trans-Saharan trade; its mosque is a World Heritage Site]]

The **Trans-Saharan trade** was when people traveled across the Sahara desert to reach sub-Saharan Africa from North Africa, Europe, west Africa or the Levant. The trade existed during the prehistoric times. The trade became popular from the 8th century until the late 16th century. The trade was also used to transport slaves and food to different places. They also traded a lot of gold for salt, and salt for gold. The center of the trans-Sahara trade was Ghana. At the time, the country was called Gold Coast. The king taxed everyone who came into the country to trade. He was considered to be the richest man in the world.
Ernest Mühlen

**Ernest Mühlen** (8 June 1926 &ndash; 19 March 2014) was a Luxembourgish politician for the Christian Social People's Party, economist, and financial journalist. In 1973, he won a place on Luxembourg City's communal council. He was born in Ettelbruck.

Mühlen died on 19 March 2014 at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Ernest Mühlen at the European Parliament website
Henk Weerink

**Hendrik** "**Henk**" **Weerink** (2 July 1936 &ndash; 13 March 2014) was a Dutch association football referee. He refereed between 1967 and 1983 for more than 450 matches in national and international matches. He was born in Coevorden, Drenthe.

Weerink died on 13 March 2014 in his hometown of Coevorden. He was 77 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Henk Weerink  at World Referee
Cees Veerman (musician)

**Cees Veerman** (6 October 1943 &ndash; 15 March 2014) was a Dutch musician. He was a singer, composer and guitarist for the rock band The Cats. He was born in Volendam in the province of North Holland.

Veerman died in his sleep on the morning of 15 March 2014 in Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. He was 70 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Cees Veerman at Discogs
Tholocoleus astrifer

***Tholocoleus astrifer*** is a moth of the Noctuidae family. Butler used the scientific name in 1886.

## References
* Tholocoleus astrifer in Prairie Research Institute's page
Anzu wyliei

***Anzu***  is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaurs from the latest Cretaceous, 66 million years ago (mya). Its remains were found in North and South Dakota. The type species is *Anzu wyliei*.

*Anzu wyliei* had a toothless beak, a prominent crest, long arms ending in slender relatively straight claws, long powerful legs with slender toes, and a very long tail. In life, the animal was about  to  long and  to  in weight. It was one of the largest known oviraptorosaurs and the largest known from North America (though the giant Mongolian oviraptorosaur *Gigantoraptor* was far larger).

The type species is the first well-preserved example of a North American oviraptorosaur. According to a paleontologist at the Smithsonian "for almost a hundred years, the presence of oviraptorosaurs in North America was only known from a few bits of skeleton, and the details of their appearance and biology remained a mystery. With the discovery of *A. wyliei*, we finally have the fossil evidence to show what this species looked like and how it is related to other dinosaurs".  The creature's formidable appearance – "big crests on their skulls, a beak, no teeth, and a very bird-like skeleton" 

Its lifestyle was that of "a fast-running, ecological generalist that didn't quite fit the usual moulds of meat-eating or plant-eating dinosaur".

The function of ''Anzu's* large crest is debated. The crest "is very large and made of paper-thin bone, so it was not able to take much stress. All oviraptosaurs have this crest but it is certainly the largest in *A. wyliei''". The most likely function is for display, signalling to members of its own species. Also, it might be used to attract a mate. 

The fossils showed evidence of injuries, including a healed broken rib and an arthritic toe that was probably the result of a tendon being ripped away from the bone. It is not known whether this indicates that the animals fought each other, or were injured by predators.

## References
Software extension

A **software extension** is a type of computer program that is meant to *extend* (add on to) what another computer program (called the base program) is able to do. Usually, it has some more instructions that the base program does not have. Either the base program or the extension can tell those instructions to run.

## Related pages 
* File extension
* Software engineering
Jacob Parrott

**Jacob Wilson Parrott** (July 17, 1843&ndash;December 22, 1908) was the first person to be given the Medal of Honor.

## Biography
Parrott was from Fairfield County, Ohio. He joined the 20th OVI for 90 days. When he finished that he returned to his home town of Kenton, Ohio. He joined the United States Army in 1861 as a private in Company K, 33rd Ohio Infantry. He first fought in the Battle of Ivy Mountain. In April 1862, he volunteered to take part in a raid with twenty-one others (later known as "Andrews' Raiders" because they operated under the command of James J. Andrews). After going behind Confederate lines and stealing the locomotive "General," they were captured and imprisoned. Parrott was severely beaten 110 times to try to make him talk. He and fourteen others managed to escape. Only six of them reached friendly lines. He was later exchanged. He met President Abraham Lincoln in Washington, D.C.. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton gave him the Medal of Honor. He served with the Union Army for the rest of the war. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1863 after the Battle of Stones River. H was commissioned as a first lieutenant in 1864.

He returned to Kenton, Ohio after the war. He remained a cabinet maker. He ran a stone quarry south of Kenton, Ohio. Parrott suffered a heart attack and died while walking home from the county courthouse in Kenton, Ohio. He is buried in Grove Cemetery, on State Route 309, east edge of Kenton, Ohio.

## Medal of Honor citation
**Rank and Organization:**
:Private, Company K, 33d Ohio Infantry. Place and date: Georgia, April 1862. Entered service at: Hardin County, Ohio. Birth: July 17, 1843, Fairfield County, Ohio. Date of issue: March 25, 1863.
**Citation:**

## Notes
## References
*
*
*
*
Dennis Jackson

**Dennis Leonard Jackson** (8 March 1932 – 21 March 2014) was an English professional footballer. He played as a full back.

## Early life
Jackson was born in Birmingham, England. 

## Career
In August 1949, at 17 years of age, Jackson was signed-up for the amateur team West Bromwich Albion F.C.. Three years later, he stopped his playing career to join the British Army. In June 1954, he trained with Aston Villa F.C.. On 1 October of the same year he signed professionally by Hednesford Town F.C. for the next two years. 

He later played for Millwall F.C. for another two seasons. Finally in 1961, he moved to Rugby Town F.C. for the next five seasons, retiring as a player in May 1966 at 34 years of age.

## Death
Jackson died at the age of 82.

## References
Geoffrey Bayldon

**Geoffrey Bayldon** (7 January 1924 &ndash; 10 May 2017) was a British actor. He is known for having the lead role in *Catweazle* (1970–72). Bayldon declined the role of both the First and Second Doctors in the long-running BBC science fiction television series *Doctor Who*. He was born in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire.

Bayldon died on 10 May 2017 in London at the age of 93. His partner of many years, fellow actor Alan Rowe, predeceased him in 2000.

## References
## Other websites
*
Breaking up (disambiguation)

**Breaking up** refers to a breakup, when an interpersonal relationship ends. It may also refer to:

* *Breaking Up* (movie), a 1997 direct-to-video movie
* *Breaking Up* (graphic novel), a young-adult fiction graphic novel
* "Breaking Up" (song), a 2007 single by Eskimo Joe
* *Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty*, a 2006 reality TV series
Lucius Shepard

**Lucius Shepard** (August 21, 1943 &ndash; March 18, 2014) was an American writer. He mostly worked as a science fiction and fantasy writer. His best known book works were *The Jaguar Hunter* (1987), *Life During Wartime* (1990), and *The Ends of the Earth* (1991). He also wrote the comic book series *Vermillion* (1996&ndash;97) for Helix of DC Comics. He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia.

Shepard died on March 18, 2014 in Portland, Oregon. He was 70 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Military occupation

**Military** or **belligerent occupation** is hostile control by a ruling power over a sovereign territory that is not part of the ruling power's own sovereign territory. The controlled territory is called *occupied* territory, and the ruling power is called the *occupant*. During a military occupation, the occupier has certain responsibilities to uphold public order.

Hundreds of years ago, the old notion of "to the victor belong the spoils" was replaced with the new notion that sovereignty was not to be taken from a state by force. Military occupation, which is a loss of a sovereign's control of a territory, but not a loss of sovereignty, was thus considered temporary. Ideally, a peace treaty would soon return control to the ousted sovereign.

## Examples of military occupation
*Fascist Italy
*German Empire
*Modern Georgian regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
*Nazi Germany
*Occupaion of Cyprus

## Related pages
*Annexation
*Colonization
*Imperialism
*Invasion

## References
Helen Gahagan Douglas

**Helen Gahagan Douglas** (November 25, 1900 – June 28, 1980) was an American actress and politician. She was the third woman and first Democratic woman elected to Congress from California. 

Her election made California one of the first two states to elect female members to the House from both parties.

Gahagan died on in New York City, New York from breast cancer and lung cancer, aged 79.

## Other websites
* 
*
Francesc Eiximenis

**Francesc Eiximenis** (born in Girona around 1330 - died in Perpinyà around 1409) was a Franciscan Catalan writer. He lived in the Crown of Aragon in the 14th century. He was possibly one of the most important medieval Catalan writers. His works were read, copied, published and translated in many places. He had a strong influence in literacy and politics. People like the kings of the Crown of Aragon Peter IV, John I and Martin I, the queen Maria de Luna and the Pope of Avignon Benedict XIII read the works of Eiximenis.

## References
Philip Barry

**Philip James Quinn Barry ** (June 18, 1896 – December 3, 1949) was an American dramatist. He is best known for his plays *Holiday* (1928) and *The Philadelphia Story* (1939). He was born in Rochester, New York.

Barry died from a heart attack in New York City, New York, aged 53.

## Further reading
*Anderson, Donald R.  ''Shadowed Cocktails: The Plays of Philip Barry from 'Paris Bound' to 'The Philadelphia Story.'''  Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois State University Press, 2010.
*Ashley, Leonard R.N. "'Not Enough'? The High Comedy of Philip Barry" (pp. 45-52) in Arthur Gewirtz (ed.), *Art, Glitter, and Glitz: Mainstream Playwrights and Popular Theater in the 1920s.*  New York: Praeger, 2004.
* Atkinson, Brooks.  *Broadway.*  New York: Atheneum, 1970.
*Eisen, Kurt.  *Twentieth-Century American Dramatists.* Detroit: Gale Publishers, 2000.
*Gill, Brendan.  "The Dark Advantage," introduction to *States of Grace: Eight Plays by Philip Barry.*  New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975.
*Mordden, Ethan.  *All That Glittered: The Golden Age of Drama on Broadway, 1919-1959.*  New York: St. Martin's Press, 2007.
*Roppolo, Joseph Patrick.  *Philip Barry.*  New York: Twayne, 1965.

## Other websites
*
*
*Philip Barry on the Internet Broadway Database
*A guide to the Philip Barry Papers at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
Livermore, California

**Livermore, California** is a city in Alameda County, California. It is near San Francisco. It has 87,955 people as of 2020.

There are two national laboratories in Livermore: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and the California site of Sandia National Laboratories. These are centers of scientific research. Many advanced technologies, such as nuclear weapons, are designed here. The chemical element with number 116, livermorium, was named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. It was discovered by scientists from LLNL, together with scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia.

Livermore has many vineyards and wineries.

## References
Tony Sale

**Anthony Edgar "Tony" Sale**, FBCS (30 January 1931&nbsp;– 28 August 2011) was an English electronic engineer, computer programmer, computer hardware engineer, and historian of computing. He helped create the Colossus computer replica at The National Museum of Computing at  Bletchley Park in England. It was completed in 2007.

## References
Ignatius Zakka I Iwas

**Ignatius Zakka I Iwas** (, , '**, born **Sanharib Iwas'''; 21 April 1933 &ndash; 21 March 2014) was an Iraqi Christian religious leader. He was the 122nd Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East from 1980 until his death. He was also Supreme Head of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church. He was born in Mosul, Iraq.

Iwas died after a long illness on 21 March 2014 at a hospital in Kiel, Germany. He was 80.

## References
## Other websites
* Ignatius Zakka I Iwas  at the Syrian Church of Antioch & All the East
St. George, Utah

**St. George, Utah** is a city in Washington County, Utah. It is located near Las Vegas and Salt Lake City, between the Utah and Nevada border. It had 95,342 people in 2020, up from 72,897 people in 2010.

## References
Junk (ship)

]]
A **junk** is an ancient Chinese sailing vessel/ship design. It is still in use today. Junks were created during the Song Dynasty (960-1129) They were used during the 2nd century. They were found throughout South East Asia and India. They were mostly found in China and most famously in Hong Kong.

## References
Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral

'''Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral''' is Church of Ireland cathedral in the city of Cork in Ireland. The current building was finished in 1879.

## References
Joseph Bacon Fraser Jr.

**Joseph Bacon** "**Joe**" **Fraser, Jr.** (January 26, 1926 &ndash; March 13, 2014) was an American real estate developer. He was a co-founder of the Sea Pines Company, along with his brother Charles E. Fraser and father General Joseph B. Fraser. He first developed Hilton Head Island into a popular destination. He was born in Hinesville, Georgia.

Fraser died from natural causes on March 13, 2014 in Bluffton, South Carolina. He was 80 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Joseph Bacon Fraser, Jr. biography
Henry Moseley

** Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley** (23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist. 

Moseley worked on many theories about the atomic number. This soon became known as Moseley's law in X-ray spectra. Moseley's Law helped prove many ideas in chemistry by organizing the chemical elements of the periodic table of the elements in a quite logical order based on their physics. 

Moseley was shot and killed during the Battle of Gallipoli on 10 August 1915, at the age of 27. Some people say that he could have won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1916 if he was never killed.

## Further reading
* 

* 

*
Meatloaf

**Meatloaf** is a dish of ground meat formed into a  shape, mixed with other ingredients, then baked or smoked. Meatloaf is usually made from ground beef, although lamb, pork, veal, venison, and poultry are also used.
Antoni Opolski

**Antoni Opolski** (11 June 1913 &ndash; 17 March 2014) was a Polish physicist. His field was astronomy and astrophysics. After World War II, he worked at the astronomical observatory of the University of Wrocław. He retired in 1983. He was born in Rozwadów (now Lviv Oblast, Ukraine).

Opolski died from natural causes on 17 March 2014 in Wrocław, Poland. He was 100 years old. His funeral was held on 22 March.

## References
## Other websites
* Antoni Opolski biography  at the University of Opole website
Werner Rackwitz

, Ruth Berghaus, Werner Rackwitz, Paul Dessau and Hans-Joachim Hoffmann in 1974.]]

**Werner Rackwitz** (3 December 1929 &ndash; 14 March 2014) was a German opera director and politician. From 1963 to 1969, he was the Head of Music at the Ministry of Culture of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and from 1969 to 1981 he was the Deputy Minister of Culture. He was born in Wrocław, Weimar Republic (now Poland).

Rackwitz after a short illness on 14 March 2014 in Berlin, Germany. He was 84 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Werner Rackwitz at the German National Library
Canadian National Railway

The **Canadian National Railway Company** () is a Class I railway. Its headquarters are in Montreal, Quebec. It serves Canada and both the Midwestern and Southern United States. In 2011, Bill Gates was the largest single shareholder of CN stock. CN owns around 20,400 route miles (32,831&nbsp;km) of track in eight provinces. There is also a 70-mile (113&nbsp;km) stretch of track into the Northwest Territories, to Hay River on the southern shore of Great Slave Lake.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
St Davids

**St Davids**, or '''St David's''', (, , &nbsp;"David's house"), is the smallest city in the United Kingdom, with about 1,841 people living there, as of the 2011 census. It is also a community called **St Davids and the Cathedral Close**. It is in Pembrokeshire, Wales on the River Alun. It is where Saint David is buried, who is the patron saint of Wales. St Davids first became a city in the 12th century, but it was demoted in 1886. In the UK, the monarch gives or takes away whether a place is a city or not. In 1994, Queen Elizabeth II made St Davids a city again.

## History
In the 6th century, Saint David started a monastery and church on the banks of the River Alun at a place called Glyn Rhosyn (Rose Vale). The area was first called *Mynyw* in Welsh. The Romans called it *Meneva* or *Menevia*. The people of the monastery grew food and did other crafts, like beekeeping. They also fed the poor.

The area that grew around the monastery became known in Welsh as *Tyddewi*, which means "David's house". In 519, the archbishop of Caerleon was moved to the monastery. *Tyddewi* was renamed "St Davids" in name of the saint who founded the place. The first cathedral that was built was attacked many times by the Vikings, and burned down in 1087. The cathedral that is there now was built by the Normans. Many pilgrims travelled to St Davids because Saint David was from there.

## References
Richard Wilbur

**Richard Purdy Wilbur** (March 1, 1921 &ndash; October 14, 2017) was an American poet and literary translator. He became the second Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1987. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry two times; in 1957 and again in 1989.

Wilbur was born in New York City, New York. He studied at Amherst College and at Harvard University. He was married to Mary Charlotte Hayes Ward until her death in 2007. They had four children. Wilbur died on October 14, 2017, at a nursing home in Belmont, Massachusetts. He was 96.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
*Ernest Hilbert reviews Richard Wilbur's *Collected Poems* for the *New York Sun*
Ordnance Survey

The **Ordnance Survey** (OS) is an organisation that creates maps of Great Britain. The OS head office is in Southampton in England. They are an agency of the Government of the United Kingdom.

## References
Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency

The **Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency** (DVLA) is the organisation that holds the registers of drivers and vehicles for Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). The DVLA head office is in Swansea in Wales. They are an agency of the United Kingdom government.

## Related pages
* Driver & Vehicle Agency, the agency for Northern Ireland (the other part of the United Kingdom).

## References
Paul Vallas

**Paul Gust Vallas** (born June 10, 1953) is an American civil servant and politician. He is a Democrat.

He was the superintendent of many schools across the United States. Some of those schools are in Philadelphia, New Orleans, Bridgeport, and Cook County.

He ran for governor and lietenant governor. He ran for Mayor of Chicago twice, once in 2019 and again in 2023 election.

## CEO of Chicago Public Schools
Vallas was CEO of the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) from 1995 to 2001. He was hired by Mayor Richard M. Daley. balancing the budget, creating several new programs, including mandatory summer school and after-school programs was a model for the country.

In June 2001, Vallas announced his resignation. His resignation came soon after several failing standardized testing scores. Vallas's was CEO for six years. Thaat was more than twice the average time for school superintendents in large U.S. cities in the 1990s.

## Political career 
In 2002, Vallas ran for Governor, but lost the primary. Vallas ran for Lieutenant Governor of Illinois in 2014 with incumbent Governor Pat Quinn, but lost the election to Bruce Rauner and Evelyn Sanguinetti.

Vallas helped rebuild Haiti's school system after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti.

### Running for mayor
In March 2018, Vallas ran in the 2019 Chicago mayoral election against Rahm Emanuel. He lost the election in the first-round of voting.

In June 2022, Vallas announced his candidacy for mayor again in the 2023 election. In February 2023, Vallas came in first place in the first round of voting and advanced to the April run-off election, facing Brandon Johnson. Johnson would go on to win the run-off election.

### Running for governor 
Vallas ran for Governor of Illinois in 2002, but he lost the Democratic nomination. In 2014, he was the Lieutenant Governor of Illinois Democratic nominee. However, lost the general election.

## Personal life
Vallas was born in Chicago and grew up in the Roseland neighborhood on Chicago's South Side. He spent his teen years living in Palos Heights. He went to Moraine Valley Community College and then graduated from Western Illinois University, where he received a bachelor's degree in history and political science, a master's degree in political science, and a teaching certificate.

Vallas is married to Sharon Vallas and they have three sons. One son died of an opioid overdose.

## References
## Other websites
*Collected news and commentary at *NOLA.com*
*Distinguished Scholar Paul Vallas  at the Wilson Center
*
*Political Educator Alexander Russo, *Education Next*, Winter 2003
*The Vallas Effect, Dale Mezzacappa, *Education Next*, Spring 2008
*Leadership: A Challenging Course Learning Matters, profile of Vallas's work in New Orleans, 2008
*School's out for Vallas , *CTPost.com*, June 29, 2013
Driver and Vehicle Agency

The **Driver & Vehicle Agency** (DVA), also known as **Driver and Vehicle Licensing Northern Ireland** (DVLNI) is the organisation that holds the registers of drivers and vehicles for Northern Ireland. The DVA head office is in Coleraine in Northern Ireland. They are an agency of the Northern Ireland government.

## Related pages
* Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency, the agency for Great Britain (the other part of the United Kingdom).

## References
Jessica Iskandar

**Jessica Iskandar** (born 29 January 1988) is an Indonesian actress, singer, presenter and model.

## Career 
Jessica Iskandar was a model at John Casablanca. After trying casting in some agemcies, she got the role as Kara in the movie *Dealova* in 2005. She also had a small role in the Malaysian movie *Diva* (2007). Currently, she is in a soap opera. She is also in ads. She has been a presenter since March 2011. She played in *Campur-Campur* in ANTV.

## Education 
Currently, Jessica Iskandar is studying interior design at Trisakti University, Jakarta. She reportedly did not go to college again after three semesters for career matters.

## Filmography
* *Dealova* (2005) 
* *Diva* (2007)
* *Coblos Cinta* (2008) 
* *Nazar* (2009)
* ''Istri Bo'ongan* (2010)
* *Kung Fu Pocong Perawan'' (2012)

## References 
## Other websites
*
Lawton Chiles

**Lawton Mainor Chiles, Jr.** (April 3, 1930 – December 12, 1998) was an American politician. He was the 41st Governor of Florida from January 8, 1991 until his death in December 12, 1998.

Before he was governor, Chiles was also a United States Senator from Florida serving from January 3, 1979 to January 1989.

Chiles once walked 1,003 miles from Key West to Pensacola, so that he could win the election for the United States senate. This earned him the nickname "Walkin' Lawton".

Chiles died on December 12, 1998 in Tallahassee, Florida from a heart attack, aged 68. He was survived by his three children and his wife Rhea.

## Other websites
*Official Governor's portrait and biography from the State of Florida 
*St. Petersburg Times article on the death of Gov. Chiles
Kari Lehtonen

**Kari Lehtonen** (born November 16, 1983) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played parts of fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Atlanta Thrashers and Dallas Stars. He also played for Jokerit of the SM-liiga (SM-l)

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Lehtonen played 72 games in the SM-liiga with Jokerit. During his time there, he was able to win the Urpo Ylönen trophy, which is given to the best goalie of the season, as well as the Jari Kurri trophy, the league's playoff MVP award.

He was drafted with the 2nd overall pick by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. This made him the highest drafted European goaltender and highest Finnish player ever in NHL history. Lehtonen played 4 seasons with the Thrashers before he was traded to the Dallas Stars in exchange for Ivan Vishnevskiy and a 4th round draft pick (Ivan Telegin) on February 9, 2010. As soon as he was traded, Lehtonen signed a three-year, $10.65 million contract extension with the Stars.

On September 4, 2012, Lehtonen signed a five-year, $29.5 million contract to remain with the Stars.

In 2018, Lehtonen retired from playing professional ice hockey.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Bob Martinez

**Robert "Bob" Martinez** (born December 25, 1934) is an American politician. He was the 40th Governor of Florida serving from 1987 to 1991. He was the first person of Spanish ancestry to be elected to the state's top office. Before that, he was the mayor of Tampa from 1979 to 1986.

Martinez also served as the second Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy from 1991 to 1993.

## References
## Other websites
Orangeman's Day

'''Orangeman's Day''' is the day that the Battle of the Boyne is commemorated in Northern Ireland. The day is 12 July each year.
Gary Hart

**Gary Hart** (born **Gary Warren Hartpence**; November 28, 1936) is an American politician, lawyer, author, professor and commentator. He was the United States senator of Colorado serving from 1975 through 1987. He ran in the United States presidential elections in 1984 and again in 1988 for the Democratic Party.

Hart was born **Garry Warren Hartpence** in Ottawa, Kansas.

## References
## Other websites
Marissa Nadler

**Marissa Rachael Nadler** (born April 5, 1981) is an American folk singer. She released her first album in 2004.

## Early life
Nadler was raised in Massachusetts.

## Career
Nadler's first album *Ballads of Living and Dying* was released on Eclipse Records in 2004. It was given a score of 8 out of 10 by *Pitchfork*. In 2005 her second album *The Saga of Mayflower May* was released. In 2007 Peacefrog Records released Nadler's third album *Songs III: Bird on the Water*. In 2009, Kemado Records released *Little Hells*. In 2011 Box of Cedar Records released Nadler's fifth album *Marissa Nadler*. In 2012 Nadler's sixth album *The Sister* was released. In 2014 Sacred Bones Records released *July*.

## References
## Other websites
* Marissa Nadler's website
Boris Pustyntsev

**Boris Pavlovich Pustyntsev** (; 2 June 1935 &ndash; 4 March 2014) was a Russian human rights activist. He was best known as chairman of the charitable organisation St. Petersburg NGO.

Pustyntsev was born in Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, then Soviet Union. His father was Pavel Pustyntsev (1910&ndash;1977).

Pustyntsev died after a long illness on 4 March 2014 in Saint Petersburg. He was 78.

## References
## Other websites
* Boris Pustyntsev  at Citizens Watch
Buddy MacKay

**Kenneth Hood** "**Buddy**" **MacKay Jr.** (March 22, 1933 – December 31, 2024) was an American politician and diplomat. He served as Governor of Florida after the death of then-Governor Lawton Chiles. He served as Governor for less than a month. He is the last Democrat to serve as Governor of Florida.

## Early life
MacKay was born in Ocala, Florida. His family were citrus farmers. He studied at the University of Florida. MacKay served the United States Air Force. He married Anne Selph in 1960.

## Early career
MacKay was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1968, and to the Florida Senate in 1975. From 1983 to 1989 he served for three terms in the United States House of Representatives.

Controlling the national budget one of his main concerns. In 1988 he received the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate, but lost in a very close race for that office to Connie Mack III.

## Lieutenant Governor of Florida
MacKay won the 1990 Democratic primary for Lieutenant Governor on the ticket headed by former Senator Lawton Chiles. They won the election and were re-elected in 1994. MacKay succeeded Chiles as governor after his sudden death in 1998.

## Governor of Florida
In 1998 MacKay sought to succeed Chiles as Governor, easily winning the Democratic nomination with his full support (Chiles and MacKay were known for their friendly relationship). He was defeated by Republican nominee Jeb Bush.

A few months later, he became governor after Chiles' death. MacKay served as governor for 23 days. During his term as governor, MacKay granted six pardons to female prisoners and tried to fix the Everglades. He appointed Peggy Quince for Florida Supreme Court.

In 1999, he was succeeded by Bush.

## Personal life
MacKay lived in Tallahassee with his wife. MacKay had four children.

MacKay died at his home in Ocklawaha, Florida, on the afternoon of December 31, 2024.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile in Notable Name Database (NNDB)
Konya

**Konya** is a city in Turkey. The city is in Central Anatolia. There was 2,079,225 people living there in 2013.

## References
## Other websites
* City website
The Amazing World of Gumball

***The Amazing World of Gumball*** is an animated sitcom created by Ben Bocquelet for Cartoon Network. It is the first series to be produced by Cartoon Network Development Studio Europe. It is co-produced with Studio SOI and Great Marlborough Productions.

## Premise 
The series is about the life of Gumball Watterson, a 12-year-old light blue cat. Along with his adoptive goldfish brother and best friend Darwin, he almost always finds himself in trouble around Elmore. His sister Anais is a pink rabbit while his mother, Nicole, is also a cat. His father is Richard, is a rabbit.

## Main Characters
* Gumball Tristopher Watterson, born Zach Tristopher Watterson, is the main character. He is a blue cat. His early life was revealed in the episode "The Origins".
* Darwin Raglan Caspian Ahab Poseidon Nicodemus Watterson III is Gumball's best friend and adoptive brother. He is an orange goldfish.
* Anais Errrrrr Watterson is Gumball's younger sister. She is a pink rabbit.
* Doctor Nicole Watterson is Gumball's mother. She is a blue cat. In the episode "The Choices", she meets her husband Richard. Her maiden name is Senicourt.
* Richard Buckley Watterson is Gumball's father. He is a pink rabbit.

## Episodes 
## *The Wonderfully Weird World of Gumball* 
A seventh season was announced on May 19th, 2025, named The Wonderfully Weird World of Gumball. The first 20 episodes of this season were released on Cartoon Network and HBO Max on July 18th, 2025, in the US, and October 6th internationally.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* 
* Official page for *The Amazing World of Gumball*  at Cartoon Network
*
Wayne Maki

**Wayne Maki** (November 20, 1944 – May 12, 1974) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger. Maki played 246 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks, St. Louis Blues, and Vancouver Canucks.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Maki played 56 games with the St. Catharines Black Hawks of the OHA and 2 seasons with the St. Louis Braves of the CPHL. He started his NHL career in 1967 with the Chicago Black Hawks where he played with his brother Chico Maki. He played 50 games with the Black Hawks and 62 games with their minor-league affiliate Dallas Black Hawks. Maki was picked up by the St. Louis Blues in 1969.

On September 21, 1969, during a preseason game between the Blues and the Boston Bruins, Maki got into a bloody, violent stick-swinging fight with Bruins defenceman "Terrible" Ted Green. As a result of the fight, Green suffered a fractured skull and a brain injury. Maki was suspended for 30 days and fined. He was later sent down to the AHL to play 39 games with the Buffalo Bisons.

During the 1970 NHL Expansion Draft, Maki was claimed by the Vancouver Canucks 24th overall. He became a star with team and was one of the Canucks leading scorers in his 2 full seasons with them. Maki's career was cut short when he found out that he was diagnosed with brain cancer in December 1972. He died from the cancer on May 12, 1974, he was only 29. His jersey number #11 was retired by the Canucks until Mark Messier who wore the number during his time with the Edmonton Oilers and New York Rangers played for them. 

## References
## Other websites 
*
*