open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Maddie Ziegler

, 2021]]
**Madison Nicole "Maddie" Ziegler** (; born September 30, 2002) is an American dancer, actress and author. She is known for appearing on the Lifetime's reality show *Dance Moms* from 2011 until 2016. 

She is also known for being in many music videos by Sia, beginning with "Chandelier" and "Elastic Heart". She also acted in Sia's film *Music.* Ziegler was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## References
Jordyn Woods

**Jordyn Woods** (born 23 September 1997, Los Angeles, California) is an American model, entrepreneur, socialite, singer, and YouTuber. She is known for her role on the reality television show *Life of Kylie* and for her YouTube videos.
## Modeling career 
In 2015, an agent found Jordyn Woods on Instagram and asked if she wanted to be a model. In May 2016, she walked her first runway in a fashion show. Woods also worked as a model for Good American, a Khloé Kardashian clothing brand. In 2017, she walked in New York Fashion Week for the first time. In 2019, she was on the cover of the magazine *Cosmopolitan UK*.

## References
Simon Jenkins

**Sir Simon David Jenkins** FSA FRSL (born 10 June 1943) is a British author, newspaper columnist and editor. 

## Education 
Jenkins went to Mill Hill School. He graduated from St John's College, Oxford, where he read Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

## References
Exile (2020 movie)

***Exile*** () is a 2020 Kosovan drama movie directed by Visar Morina and starring Mišel Matičević, Sandra Hüller, Rainer Bock, and Thomas Mraz.

## Other websites
*
Bran

The **bran** (also called '''miller's bran''') is a hard outer skin that covers a grain from a cereal plant, for example wheat. It has a type of cell tissue called aleurone. It has a pericarp, which is the part of the grain that has the seed in it. With the germ and endosperm, this forms a whole grain. In a refined grain, this layer, and the germ is removed. This part has fibre and some micro-nutrients like iron and some B vitamins.

## References
Hyatt

**Hyatt Hotels Corporation** is an international chain of state-of-the-art hotels with its headquarters in Chicago. The network was founded in 1957. According to Hoovers, the network is owned by the Pritzker family.

## History
The Hyatt Corporation came into being upon purchase of the Hyatt House, at Los Angeles International Airport, on September 27, 1957. In 1969, Hyatt began expanding internationally. Hyatt has grown by developing new properties and through acquisitions, with the biggest growth coming from the acquisition of AmeriSuites (later rebranded Hyatt Place) in 2004, Summerfield Suites (later rebranded Hyatt House) in 2005, and Two Roads Hospitality in 2018.  As of May 30, 2021, Hyatt has over 100,000 employees worldwide servicing nearly 1050 properties across 20 brands in 68 countries across six continents.

## Activity 
As of September 30, 2014, the network includes 573 hotels in 48 countries. They work under the following brands:

* Park Hyatt
* Andaz
* Grand Hyatt
* Hyatt Hotels
* Hyatt Regency
* Hyatt Place
* Hyatt House
* Hyatt Zilara
* Hyatt Ziva
* Hyatt Residence Club

## References
Pomosexuality

**Pomosexuality** describes people whose sexual orientation is not homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual.

Some pomosexuals may be queer or questioning; some may not.

## References
Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy

The **Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy** (*CMa dwarf*) or **Canis Major Overdensity** (*CMa overdensity*) is a disputed dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group. It is in the same part of the sky as the constellation Canis Major.

The supposed small galaxy has a relatively high percentage of red giant stars. It is thought to have about one billion stars in all.

The Canis Major Dwarf is an irregular galaxy. It may be the closest neighbouring galaxy to us in the Milky Way. It is about 25,000 light-years away from the Solar System, and 52,000 light-years from the Galactic centre. It has a roughly elliptical shape and is thought to contain as many stars as the Sag DEG, the previous contender for closest galaxy to us.

## Discussion 
The dwarf was discovered in 2003.

Several studies cast doubts on the true nature of this overdensity. Investigation of the area in 2009 showed only ten RR Lyrae variable stars. This is consistent with the Milky Way's halo and thick disk populations, rather than a separate dwarf spheroidal galaxy.

## References
Eminent domain

**Eminent domain** (the United States or the Philippines), also known as a **compulsory purchase or acquisition** (the Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia) is the power of the national government, province or state to take private properties for public use. It does *not* include the power to take and transfer the ownership of private properties from one owner to another without a valid public purpose.

The most common uses of property taken under eminent domain were for roads, government buildings and public utilities. In the mid-20th century, a new application for eminent domain was pioneered, under which the government could take the property and transfer it under a private third party. This was initially only done to properties that were deemed "blighted" or called a "development impediment", on the principles that such properties had negative impacts against the owners of surrounding properties.

## References
Namadi Sambo

**Mohammed Namadi Sambo** (born 2 August, 1954) is a Nigerian politician who was Vice President of Nigeria from 19 May 2010 to 29 May 2015. Before then, he served as the Governor of Kaduna from 2007 to 2010.

## Biography 
Sambo attended his primary school education at the Baptist Primary School in Kakuri Kaduna state in the year 1959, he then moved to Kobi Primary School, in Bauchi state and finally went to Towns School, Zaria where he obtained his First School Leaving Certificate (FSLC). After completing his primary school education, Sambo went to Government Secondary School, Zaria and obtained his West African School Certificate (WASC) in 1971.

While in 1972, Sambo was admitted to School of Basic Studies at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (ABU) and later got admission to study Architectural science at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Where he graduated in 1976 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Architecture (B.Sc,) (Hons)

Also, in 1978, Sambo went on and obtained a Masters Degree in Architecture (M.sc) from the same university. Lastly, in 1978, Sambo was posted to the Ministry of Works and Housing for his National Youth Service in Oyo states. 

## As governor 
In May 2007, Sambo assumed office as Governor of Kaduna State. Where by his term ended on 18 May 2010. Sambo had an 11-point agenda as Governor of Kaduna State which was mainly focus on empowering the youth and women of the community and to address a very good security for the state. While still serving as governor, he was picked by the president of Nigeria to become the Vice President of Nigeria in early 2010.

## As vice president 
After the death of President Umaru Yar'Adua, Goodluck Jonathan became the President of Nigeria. Jonathan nominated Sambo as Vice President and his official correspondence conveying the nomination of Sambo for the VP position was received by the National Assembly on 15 May 2010. On 18 May 2010, the National Assembly approved the nomination.

On 19 May 2010, Namadi Sambo was formally sworn in as the Vice-President of Nigeria.

## References
A State of Madness

***A State of Madness*** () is a 2020 Dominican Republic drama movie directed by Leticia Tonos and starring Luis José Germán, Jane Santos, Pavel Marcano, Ico Abreu, Rick Montero.

## Other websites
*
Perfect (1985 movie)

***Perfect*** is a 1985 American romantic drama movie directed by James Bridges and starring John Travolta, Jamie Lee Curtis, Marilu Henner, Laraine Newman, Jann Wenner, Carly Simon, Chelesa Field, Paul Barresi. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Sky (video game)

***Sky: Children of the Light*** (Chinese: Sky光·遇; pinyin: *Sky Guāng·yù*) (shortened to **Sky** in-game) is an open world social indie adventure game developed and published by Thatgamecompany. It was first released for iOS on July 18, 2019. An Android version was later released on April 7, 2020, and a Nintendo Switch version was released on June 29, 2021. However, a beta was available since earlier, and is currently used by players to give feedback before a season or a change to the main game is implemented.
Battle of Svolder

The **Battle of Svolder** was the largest naval battle of the Viking age. It was fought on September 9, 999 or 1000. 

## References
Sandino (movie)

***Sandino*** is a 1990 Spanish Nicaraguan biographical movie directed by Miguel Littín and starring Kris Kristofferson, Joaquim de Almeida, Dean Stockwell, Ángela Molina, Victoria Abril, Omero Antonutti, Blanca Guerra.

## Other websites
*
Arctic rabies virus

**Arctic rabies virus** is a strain of *Rabies lyssavirus* that circulates throughout the arctic regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Russia. There have been no cases in Sweden or in the mainland of Norway in over 100 years. The virus is, however, found on Svalbard. No cases have been reported in Finland since 1989. 

Arctic rabies virus belongs to the family *Rhabdoviridae* and the genus *Lyssavirus*. It is one of four genotypes of rabies. All four types can adapt to different hosts, including fruit- and insect-eating bats and the Arctic fox. The Arctic fox is the Arctic rabies virus's main host.

## References
WikiWikiWeb

in 2011]]
The **WikiWikiWeb** is the first wiki, or user-editable website, like Wikipedia. It was launched on 25 March 1995 by its inventor, programmer Ward Cunningham, to accompany the Portland Pattern Repository website discussing software design patterns. The name *WikiWikiWeb* originally also applied to the wiki software that operated the website, written in the Perl programming language and later renamed to "WikiBase". The site is frequently referred to by its users as simply "Wiki", and a convention established among users of the early network of wiki sites that followed was that using the word with a capitalized *W* referred exclusively to the original site.

## History 
The software and website were developed in 1994 by Cunningham in order to make the exchange of ideas between programmers easier. The concept was based on the ideas developed in HyperCard stacks that Cunningham built in the late 1980s. On March 25, 1995, he installed the software on his company's (Cunningham & Cunningham) website, c2.com. Cunningham came up with the name WikiWikiWeb because he remembered a Honolulu International Airport counter employee who told him to take the Wiki Wiki Shuttle, a shuttle bus line that runs between the airport's terminals. "Wiki Wiki" is a reduplication of "wiki", a Hawaiian language word for "quick". Cunningham's idea was to make WikiWikiWeb's pages quickly editable by its users, so he initially thought about calling it "QuickWeb", but later changed his mind and dubbed it "WikiWikiWeb".

## Related pages 
* Wikipedia
* Wiki

## References
Code Unknown

***Code Unknown*** () is a 2000 French Austrian German Romanian drama movie directed by Michael Haneke and starring Juliette Binoche, Thierry Neuvic, Josef Bierbichler, Hélène Diarra, Ona Lu Yenke, Didier Flamand.

## Other websites
* 
*
Islamic University, Bangladesh

**Islamic University, Bangladesh** (officially **Islamic University**) is one of the major public research and PhD granting universities in Bangladesh. It is the largest seat of    in the south-west part of the country. It popularly known as **Islamic University, Kushtia** shorly **IU**. It is the only university in Bangladesh where Theology and seven others academic areas: Engineering and Technology, Humanities, Social Sciences, Sciences, Biological Sciences, Business Administration and Law are taught together in a multicultural atmosphere. It is the seventh oldest university in the country and the first university in Bangladesh created after the independence from West Pakistan in 1971. It offers undergraduate, graduate and PhD degrees.

## History 
On 1 December 1976 then government announced the establishment of the Islamic University to promote a coordinated approach to Islamic education and general education in the country. Islamic University, Kushtia was founded on 22 November 1979 at Shantidanga-Dulalpur (Kushtia-Jhenidah) by then President of Bangladesh General Ziaur Rahman, based on the recommendation of ‘Islamic University Planning Committee’ on 7 January 1977 headed by M. A. Bari including seven other members.

## Faculties and departments 
At present the university offers academic programs through its 34 departments under 8 faculties.

## References
Phenylpiracetam

**Phenylpiracetam** is an analog of the drug piracetam.

Research on animals has given some indication that phenylpiracetam may have anti-amnesic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and memory enhancement effects.
## Doping in sport
Phenylpiracetam is on the lists of stimulants banned for in-competition use by the World Anti-Doping Agency. This list is applicable in all Olympic sports.

## Related pages
*List of chemicals in doping cases in sport

## References
Claude Joseph

**Claude Joseph** (born 4 April 1960) is a Haitian politician. He was the acting President of Haiti from the time Jovenel Moïse was assassinated on 7 July 2021 until 20 July 2021. He was also the acting Prime Minister of Haiti since 2021. His claim to the presidency was also disputed with Joseph Lambert, who was nominated by eight senators of Haiti to succeed Moïse.

On 19 July 2021, Joseph resigned from acting president and prime minister to support his replacement Ariel Henry becoming the next leader.

## References
Großweil

**Großweil** is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Whale vocalization

s are well known for their songs. Click the arrow to play the video, which includes audio.]]
**Whale sounds** (or **vocalization**) are used by whales for communication.  Whales can make different kinds of sounds, including growling and singing. The song of whales is a regular sound made by some whales (for example, baleen whale). Humpback whales make long, complicated songs. Some whales can sing and some cannot.

Scientists are not sure what the songs do.  Whales as young as one month old make some songs.  Among humpback wales, the male adults sing much more than other whales do, so scientists think it might be males competing for mates.

Unlike humans, whales do not pass air through vocal cords to make sounds.  Bubbles do not rise up from a whale as it makes sounds.  Some scientists think whales push air through holes inside their heads, called sinuses.  They push the air across tissue called "phonic lips" or "vocal folds."

Due to their life in the water, whales and other marine mammals are very dependent on acoustic communication.

## References
Villingen-Schwenningen

**Villingen-Schwenningen** (; Low Alemannic: *Villinge-Schwenninge*) is a town in Schwarzwald-Baar, a district (*Landkreis*) in Freiburg. It has 85,838 inhabitants (as of September 2019). It is also the capital of Schwarzwald-Baar.

## Geography
Villingen-Schwenningen lies on the eastern edge of the Black Forest about  above sea level.

## Boroughs
* Villingen
* Schwenningen
* Obereschach
* Weilersbach
* Weigheim
* Mühlhausen
* Marbach
* Rietheim
* Pfaffenweiler
* Herzogenweiler
* Tannheim

## Mayors and Lord mayors
### Villingen
* 1912–1930: Guido Lehmann
* 1931–1933: Adolf Gremmelspacher
* 1933: Gutmann, temporary
* 1933–1937: Hermann Schneider
* 1937–1940: Karl Berckmüller
* 1940–1945: Hermann Riedel
* 1945–1946: Walter Bräunlich
* 1946: Edwin Hartmann
* 1946–1950: Edwin Nägele
* 1950–1972: Severin Kern

### Schwenningen
* 1797–1816: Erhard Bürk
* 1816–1819: (Vogt)
* 1819–1821: Thomas Wegler
* 1821–1825: ?
* 1825–1835: Matthias Rapp
* 1835–1841: Johann Georg Koch
* 1841–1852: Andreas Bürk
* 1852–1857: Christian Strohm
* 1857–1887: Erhard Müller
* 1887–1912: David Würth
* 1912–1925: Emil Braunagel
* 1925–1930: Ingo Lang von Langen
* 1930–1948: Otto Gönnenwein
* 1949–1962: Hans Kohler
* 1962–1972: Gerhard Gebauer

### Villingen-Schwenningen
* 1972–1994: Gerhard Gebauer (SPD)
* 1994–2002: Manfred Matusza (CDU)
* 2002–2019: Rupert Kubon (SPD)
* since 2019: Jürgen Roth (CDU)

## Population
### Number of inhabitants
|}

Source: State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg

### Largest communities of foreigners
## Main sights
* Town wall
* Municipal Art Gallery
* Franciscan Monastery Museum
* Schwenningen Clock Museum
* Minster of Our Lady
* Theater am Ring
* Wanne Observation Tower, one of the oldest towers built of iron
* Internationales Luftfahrt-Museum, aviation museum

## Twin towns – sister cities
Villingen-Schwenningen is twinned with:

* Pontarlier, France
* La Valette-du-Var, France
* Tula, Russia
* Savona, Italy
* Zittau, Germany
* Friedrichsthal, Germany

## Notable people
*Robert Prosinečki (born 1969), Croatian footballer and coach
*Dennis Seidenberg (born 1981), ice hockey player

## References 
## Other websites
*Villingen-Schwenningen: history & pictures  
*The siege of Villingen in 1702
INN

**INN** may stand for:

## Medicine 
* International nonproprietary name, one type of name used in the pharmaceutics branch  (or part) of pharmacology

## News 
* Independent News Network
* Independent Network News (disambiguation)
* Institute for Nonprofit News, formerly known as Investigative News Network
* InterNetNews news server
* *Israel National News*, English name for Israeli media network *Arutz Sheva*

## Other 
* *ImagiNation Network*
* The IATA airport code for Innsbruck Kranebitten Airport
* Interfaith Nutrition Network

## Related pages 
* Inn, an establishment for travelers to lodge, eat, and rest
Soyécourt

**Soyécourt** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Guido Cantelli

**Guido Cantelli** (27 April 1920 – 24 November 1956) was an Italian conductor. Most people thought he was one of the  greatest conductors when he was alive. Arturo Toscanini liked him very much, and thought that he was his successor. When he was still young, he had already conducted some of the greatest orchestras of the world, and in 1956 he became the director of La Scala in Milan. But a tragedy happened, and the young Cantelli died in an airplane crash just a week later.

## Biography
Cantelli was born in Novara in Italy. When he was a student, he studied with important Italian masters of music. In 1940 he started his conducting career, and in 1943 he graduated from the Milan Conservatory. Toscanini saw him conducting at La Scala in Milan, and was very impressed by his performance. In 1945, Cantelli was performing in the most famous concert halls of the world, conducting the greatest orchestras.

The fame of Cantelli grew, and he was considered among the greatest conductors. At the same time he continued his studies, because he wanted to perfect his technique. In 1956 he became the director of La Scala, and was being considered the next music director of the New York Philharmonic.

But a tragedy happened, and only a week after he was named director of La Scala, he died in an airplane crash in Paris, France.

Cantelli left a wife and a 5-month-old child. Toscanini, who was in poor health (and died just some months later) was not informed of the death of his pupil.

## Referencess
Languages of the Philippines

The Phiilippines are a group of islands between Malaysia and Taiwan. Many different groups of people live on the Philippines. Between 120 and 187 languages are spoken on the Phiilippines. For over three centuries, the Philippines were a colony of Spain. Amongst others, the Spanish introduced free public schools, which taught in Spanish. For a long time, the United States controlled the Philippines, so English is also commonly understood. In 1935, both English and Spanish were national langues. In the 1970s, when the Phliipppines had become independent, Spanish was dropped as an official language, and standardized version of Tagalog, called Filiipino was added. The 1987 constitution designates Filipino, a standardized version of Tagalog, as the national language and an official language along with English. Fililipino serves as a *lingua franca.* It allows people from different language families to communicate.'''' On October 30, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11106, which declares Filipino Sign Language or FSL to be the country's official sign language and as the Philippine government's official language in communicating with the Filipino Deaf.

Filpino is used in everyday life, and when people from different language groups want to communicate. The government operates mostly using English. Including second-language speakers, there are more speakers of Filipino than English in the Philippines. The other regional languages are given official auxiliary status in their respective places according to the constitution but particular languages are not specified. Some of these regional languages are also used in education. The most spoken regional languages in the country aside from Tagalog are Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Bicolano, Waray, Kapampangan, Pangasinense, Maguindanaoan, Maranao, and Tausug.

The indigenous scripts of the Philippines (such as the Kulitan, Tagbanwa and others) are used very little; instead, Philippine languages are today written in the Latin script. Before they became independen in 1946, the Philippines had been a Spanish and a United States colony. Baybayin, though generally not understood, is one of the most well-known of the Philippine indigenous scripts and is used mainly in artistic applications such as on the Philippine banknotes, where the word "Pilipino" is inscribed using the writing system. Additionally, the Arabic-based script (Jawi) is used in the Muslim areas in the southern Philippines.

## Related pages 
* Philippinic languages
* Spanish language in the Philippines

## References
Christmas Kisses (EP)

***Christmas Kisses*** is the debut Christmas and extended play (EP) by American singer Ariana Grande. It was released on December 13, 2013 in most countries, and on December 17, 2013 in the United States, as a collection of two covers of classic Christmas songs, and two original songs.

## Singles
### Last Christmas
### Love Is Everything
### Snow in California
### Santa Baby 
## Track listing
## Personnel and credits
Credits adapted from Discogs (standard edition).

* Ariana Grande: vocals
* Liz Gillies: vocals
* India Benet: background vocals
* Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds: producer, composer, lyricist, guitar
* Antonio Dixon: producer, composer, lyricist, programming
* The Rascals: producers, programming
* Khristopher Riddick-Tynes: composer, lyricist
* Leon Thomas III: composer, lyricist
* George Michael: composer, lyricist
* Joan Javits: composer, lyricist

* Philip Springer: composer, lyricist
* Tony Springer: composer, lyricist
* Ivy Skoff: strings
* Demonte Posey: strings
* Paul Boutin: recording, mixing
* Tony Maserati: mixing
* James Krausse: engineer
* Jon Castelli: engineer
* Justin Hergett: engineer

## Charts
## Release history
## References
Saysomphone Phomvihane

**Saysomphone Phomvihane** (; born 12 December 1954 in Houaphanh Province) is a Laotian politician and member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). In 2021, he became the President of the National Assembly.

## References
Bounthong Chitmany

**Bounthong Chitmany** (; born 3 July 1949) is a Laotian politician and member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). He was born in 1951 and is a former Governor of Oudomxay Province. In 2021, he became the Vice President of Laos.

## Notes
Onsen

1811]]
An **onsen** (温泉) is a bathing place near a hot spring.  Onsen are in Japan. Going to an onsen costs about ¥1000 (US$9), which is about twice as much as going to a sentō bathhouse.

## Hotels
Many onsen have a hotel nearby.  This kind of hotel is called a ryokan.

## Manners
Bathers at an onsen are there to relax, not to get clean.  To keep the water from getting dirty, people at an onsen must shower before getting into the water. In very cold weather, it is sometimes all right to get into the onsen just for a short while to warm up, then go shower, then come back. Some onsen allow bathing suits, but most of the time, visitors must wear no clothes at all.  This is to keep any clothes that might be dirty out of the water, and keep the water clean.  When walking to the onsen, people cover their private parts with a small towel and then put the towel on their heads after they get into the water.  People are not supposed to put their heads or hair in the water, and they are not supposed to have tattoos.  This is because, in Japan, people think of the Yakuza criminals when they see tattoos.

## Related pages
*Sentō
*Sauna
* Jjimjilbang
*Banya

## References
Bouasone Bouphavanh

**Bouasone Bouphavanh** (Lao: ບົວສອນ ບູບຜາວັນ; born 3 June 1954) is a Laotian politician who was Prime Minister of Laos from 2006 to 2010. He was officially appointed to the office by the National Assembly of Laos on 8 June 2006.

## References
Assassination of Jovenel Moïse

Jovenel Moïse, the president of Haiti, was shot dead by a group of unidentified armed-men. It happened in Port-au-Prince at his private home on 7 July 2021 at 1:00 am EDT. His wife, First Lady Martine, survived but was wounded and hospitalized.

Interim Prime Minister Claude Joseph stated after the assassination that he was in control of the country. However, Moïse's death worsened instability in Haiti.

## Shooting and death
Moïse was killed by unknown gunmen who attacked his residence in Pèlerin 5, a district of Pétion-Ville, a suburb of Port-au-Prince. Martine, the First Lady of Haiti, survived but was hospitalized.

According to a BBC article: Video taken by residents living near the site of the attack includes the voice of one man with an American accent, speaking in English, who claimed over a megaphone during the attack to be a member of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.

## Suspects
It is unknown who organized the assassination and why. Haitian police blamed the attack on a group of mercenaries:

## References
Martine Moïse

**Martine Marie Étienne Moïse** (born 5 June 1974) is the former First Lady of Haiti and was the wife of President Jovenel Moïse. She was the country's first lady from February 2017 until the assassination of her husband on July 7, 2021. 

Martine Moïse was wounded in the same attack at their home in Pétion-Ville on 7 July 2021.

## References
Mary Simon

**Mary Jeannie May Simon**  (; born August 21, 1947) is a Canadian former broadcaster, civil servant and diplomat. She is the governor general of Canada since 2021.

Simon was born in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec and briefly worked as a producer and announcer for CBC North in the 1970s. 

Simon served as Canada's first ambassador for Circumpolar Affairs from 1994 to 2004, and was a lead negotiator for the creation of the Arctic Council. She then was the Canadian ambassador to Denmark from 1999 to 2002. 

On July 6, 2021, the federal government announced that Simon was selected to replace Julie Payette as the 30th governor general of Canada. She became governor-general on July 26, 2021.

## References
Sylvia (1985 movie)

***Sylvia*** is a 1985 New Zealand biographical movie directed by Michael Firth about Sylvia Ashton-Warner. It stars Nigel Terry, Tom Wilkinson, Eleanor David, Mary Regan.

## Other websites
* 
*
Seehausen am Staffelsee

**Seehausen am Staffelsee** is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany. It is on the eastern shore of the Staffelsee lake.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Manderlay

***Manderlay*** is a 2005 Danish Swedish Dutch French German British Italian American drama movie directed by Lars von Trier and starring Bryce Dallas Howard, Grace Margaret Mulligan, Isaac de Bankolé, Willem Dafoe, Danny Glover, Michaël Abiteboul, Lauren Bacall, Jean-Marc Barr, Chloë Sevigny, Udo Kier, Virgile Bramly, Ruben Brinkmann, Doña Croll.

## Other websites 
* 
*
2021 Philippine Air Force C-130 crash

On July 4, 2021, a Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft of the Philippine Air Force (PAF) crashed after an attempted landing at Jolo Airport in Sulu, Philippines. With 53 deaths, of which 50 people were on the aircraft and 3 on the ground, the incident is the deadliest aviation accident in Philippine military history.

The C-130 military plane was transporting troops from Cagayan de Oro, in Mindanao, to Sulu province when it missed the runway on the island of Jolo. The plane had attempted to land at Jolo airport, but overshot the runway without touching down. It failed to regain enough power and height and crashed at nearby Patikul village at 11:30 a.m. local time.

The Lockheed Martin C-130 aircraft had recently arrived in the Philippines. It was one of two aircraft granted by the US government's military financing program. The plane was considered to be in good condition. It had 11,000 flying hours left before it was due for maintenance.

## References
Patrick John

**Patrick Roland John** (7 January 1938 – 6 July 2021) was the first Prime Minister of Dominica as well as its last Premier. He led Dominica to independence from the United Kingdom.

John died at a hospital in Roseau, Dominica on 6 July 2021 at the age of 83.

## References
The Remix (Ariana Grande album)

***The Remix*** is the debut remix album by American singer Ariana Grande. It features fifteen remixes of her singles from her first two studio albums: *Yours Truly* (2013) and *My Everything* (2014). It was released exclusively in Japan on May 25, 2015 and peaked at number 32 on the Oricon Albums Chart.

## Track listing
## Charts
## Release history
## References
Kaduna

**Kaduna** is the state capital of Kaduna State in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is the capital of the former Northern Region of Nigeria. The first premier of Northern Nigeria, Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, conducted government business from Kaduna.

## References
Contempt of court

**Contempt of court**, often known as "**contempt**", is the offense of being disobedient to or disrespectful toward a court of law and its officers.

## References
Vladimir Menshov

**Vladimir Valentinovich Menshov** (; 17 September 1939 – 5 July 2021) was a Soviet and Russian actor and film director. He was known for directing the 1979 melodrama *Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears*, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

## References
Prime Minister of Dominica

The **prime minister of Dominica** is the head of government in the Commonwealth of Dominica. The position was created on November 3, 1978, when Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom.

Roosevelt Skerrit is the incumbent prime minister. He took the oath on 8 August 2004.

## List
## References
Raffaella Carrà

**Raffaella Maria Roberta Pelloni** (18 June 1943 – 5 July 2021), better known as **Raffaella Carrà** (), was an Italian singer, dancer, television presenter and actress. She was known for her 1976 album *Forte forte forte*. Her best known song was "A far l'amore comincia tu". Carrà starred in *Caesar the Conqueror* and ''Von Ryan's Express''.

Carrà died on 5 July 2021 in Rome of lung cancer, aged 78.

## References
Affair in Trinidad

***Affair in Trinidad*** is a 1952 American crime drama movie directed by Vincent Sherman and starring Rita Hayworth, Glenn Ford, Alexander Scourby, Valerie Bettis, Torin Thatcher, Howard Wendell, Steven Geray, Juanita Moore, Ralph Moody. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Richard Lewontin

**Richard Charles Lewontin** (March 29, 1929 – July 4, 2021) was an American evolutionary biologist, mathematician, geneticist, and social commentator. 

From 1973 to 1998, he held an endowed chair in zoology and biology at Harvard University, and from 2003 until his death in 2021 had been a research professor there.

Lewontin died on July 4, 2021 in Brattleboro, Vermont, at the age of 92.

## References
Rick Laird

**Richard Quentin Laird** (5 February 1941 – 4 July 2021) was an Irish musician, photographer, teacher, and author. He was best known as the bassist and founding member of the jazz fusion band Mahavishnu Orchestra. He performed for them from 1971 to 1973.

In early 2021, Laird's daughter announced that he had entered hospice care. Laird died on 4 July, at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
Luminița Gheorghiu

**Luminița Gheorghiu** (; 1 September 1949 – 4 July 2021) was a Romanian actress. She was known for her roles in *The Death of Mr. Lazarescu* (2006) and ''Child's Pose'' (2013). 

Gheorghiu died on July 4, 2021, at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
Maidarjavyn Ganzorig

**Maidarjavyn Ganzorig** (; 5 February 1949 – 4 July 2021) was a Mongolian cosmonaut and academic.

In 1978, he participated in the Soviet Intercosmos program and trained for the Soyuz 39 mission.

## References
List of presidents of Dominica

The **president of Dominica** is the head of state which was created by the Constitution of 1978, the year of Dominica's independence.

## List
;Status

## Notes
## References
Structural analog

A **structural analog**, or **analog**, is a compound that has a structure similar to that of another compound, but  one of the components is different.

That which is different (between two analogs), can be that one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, are replaced with other atoms, groups, or substructures. 

Structural analogs are often isoelectronic (or often have the same structure (positions and connectivities among atoms) and the same electron configurations, but are different by what specific elements are at certain locations in the structure.)

## References
Yury Dokhoian

**Yury  Rafaelovich Dokhoian** (; 26 October 1964 – 1 July 2021) was a Russian Grandmaster of chess (1988).

On 1 July 2021, Dokhoian died in Moscow from COVID-19 at the age of 56.

## References
## Other websites
*Grandmaster Games Database - Yury Dokhoian
*Yury Dokhoian - Articles - New In Chess 
*Chessmetrics Player Profile: Yury Dokhoian
Louis Andriessen

**Louis Andriessen** (; 6 June 1939 – 1 July 2021) was a Dutch composer, pianist and academic teacher. His music was neoclassicism and serialism.

Andriessen taught at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague from 1974 to 2012, influencing notable composers. His opera *La Commedia*, based on Dante's *Divine Comedy*, won the 2011 Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition.

In December 2020, Andriessen was diagnosed with dementia. He died on 1 July 2021 in Weesp at age 82.

## References
Philece Sampler

**Debra Philece Sampler** (July 16, 1953 – July 1, 2021) was an American actress. She had television roles on *Days of Our Lives* as Renee DiMera, and the soap opera *Another World* as Donna Love Hudson. She also voiced the older version of Toph Beifong in *The Legend of Korra*. 

She also voiced Mimi Tachikawa and Cody Hida from *Digimon: Digital Monsters*, Tiptory in *Eureka Seven*, and Hiyori Tamura from *Lucky Star*.

Sampler died at the age of 67 on July 1, 2021 from a heart attack in Los Angeles.

## References
Jeannette Altwegg

**Jeannette Wirz** CBE (née **Altwegg**; 8 September 1930 &ndash; 18 June 2021) was a British figure skater. She competed in ladies' singles. She was the 1952 Olympic champion, the 1948 Olympic bronze medalist, the 1951 World champion, and a double (1951 & 1952) European champion.

## References
## Other websites
*
Steven Horwitz

**Steven G. Horwitz** (February 7, 1964 – June 27, 2021) was an American economist of the Austrian School. Horwitz was the Distinguished Professor of Free Enterprise in the Department of Economics in the Miller College of Business at Ball State University. 

In 2017, he retired as the Dana Professor of Economics Emeritus at St. Lawrence University.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Economics videos
The Best (Ariana Grande album)

***The Best*** is a greatest hits album by American singer Ariana Grande that released only in Japan. It features songs from her first three studio albums: *Yours Truly* (2013), *My Everything* (2014) and *Dangerous Woman* (2016), as well as her duet with John Legend, "Beauty and the Beast" for the *Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack* (2017) and "Faith" with Stevie Wonder for the *Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack* (2016). It was released, digitally and physically, exclusively only in Japan on September 27, 2017, by Universal Music Japan.

## Track listing
## Personnel
### Vocals
* Ariana Grande – vocals 
* Iggy Azalea – vocals 
* Jessie J – vocals 
* Nicki Minaj – vocals 
* Mac Miller – vocals 
* The Weeknd – vocals 
* Future – vocals 
* Big Sean – vocals 
* Stevie Wonder – vocals 
* John Legend – vocals 

### Production
* Max Martin – production , vocal production 
* Zedd – production 
* Ilya – production , vocal production , co-production 
* Peter Carlsson – vocal production 
* Shellback – production 
* Antonio Dixon – production 
* Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds – production 
* Kuk Harrell – vocal production 
* Rickard Göransson – production 
* Carl Falk – production 
* Giorgio Tuinfort – co-production 
* Rami – production 
* Savan Kotecha – vocal production 
* Ariana Grande – vocal production 
* Harmony – production 
* Sauce – vocal production 
* Tommy Brown – production 
* Twice as Nice – production 
* Ali Payami – production 
* Peter Svensson – production 
* Jo Blaq – vocal production 
* Mikey – additional production 
* Mo-Keyz – additional production 
* Johan Carlsson – production , vocal production 
* Key Wane – production 
* Benny Blanco – production 
* Harvey Mason Jr. – vocal production 
* Ryan Tedder – production 
* Ron Fair – production 

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Release history
## References
Burton Greene

**Burton Greene** (June 14, 1937 – June 28, 2021) was an American free jazz pianist. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was most known for his work in New York City. His music had multiple genres, including avant-garde jazz and the Klezmer medium.

## References
Janet Moreau

**Janet Teresa Moreau Stone** (October 26, 1927 &ndash; June 30, 2021) was an American track and field athlete. She competed mainly in the 100 meters. She competed for the United States in the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland in the 4 x 100 meters where she won the gold medal.

Stone died in Barrington, Rhode Island on June 30, 2021, at age 93.

## References
John Lawton (musician)

**John Cooper Lawton** (11 July 1946 – 29 June 2021) was a British rock and blues singer. He was best known for his work with Lucifer's Friend, Uriah Heep and the Les Humphries Singers.

Lawton died unexpectedly in Bulgaria on 29 June 2021, at the age of 74.

## References
Bonfoh Abass

**El-Hadj Bonfoh Abass** (; 23 November 1948 – 29/30 June 2021) was a Togolese politician. He was the interim President of Togo from 25 February 2005 to 4 May 2005. He was the President of the National Assembly of Togo from February 2005 to July 2013.

## References
Victoire Tomegah Dogbé

**Victoire Sidémého Dzidudu Dogbé Tomegah** (born 23 December 1959) is a Togolese politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Togo since 28 September 2020. She is the first woman to hold the office.

## References
Delia Fiallo

**Delia Fiallo** (4 July 1924 – 29 June 2021) was a Cuban author and screenwriter. She was known for writing many romance novel. She was nicknamed the "mother of the Latin American telenovela".

Fiallo died on 29 June 2021 at the age of 96, at her home in Coral Gables, Florida.

## References
Ursula Happe

**Ursula Happe** (; 20 October 1926 – 26 March 2021) was a German swimmer and Olympic champion. She competed at the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, where she won the gold medal in 200&nbsp;m breaststroke. 

Happe died in Dortmund on 26 March 2021 at the age of 94.

## References
Josh Culbreath

**Joshua Culbreath** (September 14, 1932 – July 1, 2021) was an American athlete. He competed mainly in the 400 meter hurdles&mdash;the national outdoor champion from 1953 to 1955. He won a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics. Culbreath was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania.

He made two guest appearances on *The Cosby Show*, playing the character Colonel Sanford B. "Tailwind" Turner.

Culbreath died on July 1, 2021 in Cincinnati, Ohio at the age of 88.

## References
Cliff Simon

**Cliff Simon** (7 September 1962 – 9 March 2021) was a South African athlete and actor. He was best known for his role as Ba'al in *Stargate SG-1*.

He was killed in a kiteboarding accident in Topanga, California, on 9 March 2021, aged 58.

## Notes
## References
Nikolai Slichenko

**Nikolai Alekseyevich Slichenko** (; 27 December 1934 — 2 July 2021) was a Soviet and Russian singer and actor. He was the chief director of the Romen Theatre in Moscow. He was the only Romani person to be honored with the People's Artist of the USSR (1981).

In May 2021, Slichenko was hospitalized in Moscow for respiratory failure.

## References
John Polkinghorne

**John Charlton Polkinghorne**  (16 October 1930 – 9 March 2021) was an English theoretical physicist, theologian, and Anglican priest. He was Professor of Mathematical Physics at the University of Cambridge from 1968 to 1979. He became an ordained Anglican priest in 1982. He was the president of Queens' College, Cambridge, from 1988 until 1996.

Polkinghorne died on 9 March 2021 at the age of 90.

## References
Thieves and Liars

***Thieves and Liars*** () is a 2006 Puerto Rican drama movie directed by Ricardo Méndez Matta and starring Steven Bauer, Elpidia Carrillo, Daniel Lugo, Lymari Nadal, Alba Raquel Barros.

## Other websites
*
Bisociality

**Bisociality** is a term used in sociology. It refers to social relationships and interactions between individuals of either sex or gender. When used as a standalone term for a specific person, it can express the person is not strictly heterosocial or homosocial.
## References
Petr Kellner

**Petr Kellner** (20 May 1964 – 27 March 2021) was a Czech billionaire entrepreneur. He was the founder of the PPF Group. He had a net worth of $17.5 billion, making him the wealthiest person in the Czech Republic.

On 27 March 2021, Kellner and four other people died in an Airbus AS350 B3 helicopter crash, while heliskiing in Alaska's backcountry near Knik Glacier,  east of Anchorage.

## References
Injera

**Injera** is a type of unleavened flatbread. It is made by flour (either from teff, wheat, or sorghum) and water. It is then fermented until sour. It has a spongy texture. It is known to be eaten in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia. It can either be eaten as a side or used to put some foods on top of it.

## References
Tower Prada

**Tower Prada** (Italian: *La Fondazione Prada*) is a complex of museum buildings located in Milan, consisting of a permanent contemporary art gallery with works by various artists, including Jeff Koons, Walter De Maria, Pino Pascali, Damien Hirst, Carsten Höller, which frequently hosts many temporary exhibitions. 

## Description 
The Foundation is characterized by several pavilions, some recently built like the tower, others that occupy the spaces of the ancient distillery "Società Italiana Spiriti" dating back to 1910. It is located in Largo Isarco, at the corner with Via Orobia in Via Lorenzini, south of Milan.

The tower was designed by the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas, with the collaboration of the studio Office for Metropolitan Architecture, together with architects Chris van Dujn and Federico Pompignoli, and its inauguration took place on April 18, 2018. On 20 June 2018 he received the Compasso d'oro 2018 award.

## Economy 
### Tourism 
Being an exclusive fashion and beauty center of global significance, the area of the Prada Foundation turns out to be a tourist attraction of a certain importance, which every year attracts thousands and thousands of visitors from all over the world. Inside it is possible to admire a multitude of houses in full Milanese style, which demonstrate the exclusivity of life and the place in which they are located, as well as the tenor of the same, certainly above the European average.

The Fondazione Prada area is one of the fastest growing areas of Milan, it is part, together with the districts of the Milan quadrilateral and the Brera district, of the richest and most luxuriant area of Milan so-called Platinum Triangle (literally "Platinum Trianglev") of Milan. The events of the Milan-Cortina 2026 Olympics will be concentrated in this area.

## See also 
* Milano Fashion District
* Palazzo Vuitton
* Palazzo Moncler
* Faro Tower
* Oasi Cagranda (Milan)

## References
X-gender

**X-gender** () is a third-gender that is not M (male or masculine) or F (female or feminine). The term is used instead of non-binary and genderqueer in Japan.

## References
Normani

**Normani Kordei Hamilton** ( ; born May 31, 1996) is an American singer, dancer and model. She auditioned on *The X Factor* as a soloist in 2012 after she became a member of pop girl group Fifth Harmony.

## References
Booboo Stewart

**Nils Allen** "**Booboo**" **Stewart Jr.** (born January 21, 1994), is an American actor, singer and visual artist. He is known for playing Seth Clearwater in *The Twilight Saga*, Warpath in *X-Men: Days of Future Past*, Jay in the Disney television movie series *Descendants* and Willie in *Julie and the Phantoms*.

## References
Brandenburgers

The **Brandenburgers** were members of the German special forces unit during World War II. It was one of the most secret forces in the German land forces. The unit was formed by the German military intelligence organ, the *Abwehr*.

## References
Oradour-sur-Glane massacre

On the 10 of June 1944, members of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) killed nearly all people in the village of Oradour-sur-Glane, near Limoges. Officially, 642 people were killed, 36 could flee, and survived the massacre. The village was completely destroyed. This event is known as the **Massacre of Oradour** today.  

It is comparable to the Marzabotto massacre, committed in Italy, or the Distomo massacre, committed in Greece.  

By the number of victims, it is  the worst masacre of the Second World War, in Western Europe.
2021 Western North America heat wave

An extreme heat wave affected much of western North America in late June and early July of&nbsp;2021. The heat affected Northern California, Idaho, western Nevada, Oregon, and Washington in the United States, as well as British Columbia, and, later, Alberta, Manitoba, the Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, and Yukon, all in Canada. 

It resulted in some of the highest temperatures ever recorded in the region, including the highest temperature ever measured in Canada at 49.6 °C (121.3 °F), as well as the highest temperatures in British Columbia, in the Northwest Territories, and Washington.

The heat wave caused many huge wildfires, some reaching hundreds of square kilometers in area, which led to widespread disruption on the roads. One of them largely destroyed Lytton in British Columbia, the village where the record-high temperature for Canada had been set. The heat also caused damage to the road and railway infrastructure, forced closures of businesses, disrupted cultural events and caused widespread melting of snow on the mountains, some of which resulted in flooding.

The exact death toll is unknown. On July&nbsp;6, 2021, preliminary statistics released by the British Columbia Coroner Service suggested 579 more sudden deaths than usual happened there. Deaths in the United States include at least 107.

## References
Herzeleid

***Herzeleid*** ("Heartbreak") is the debut studio album by German Neue Deutsche Härte (alternative and groove metal with hints of electro-industrial and techno) band Rammstein. It was released on September 25, 1995.
Abwehr

**Abwehr** was the German military intelligence for the German armed forces called Reichswehr and Wehrmacht. It was formed in 1920 and acted to 1945 during all the World War II.

## References
PSX

**PSX** may refer to:
* PSX (digital video recorder), a PlayStation-2-based digital video recorder
* PlayStation (console), commonly abbreviated as "PS", "PSOne", or "PSX"