open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aurora (aircraft)

The **Aurora** (supposedly called the **SR-91 Aurora**) is a possible surveillance aircraft. No one knows if it ever existed. Supposedly, it was meant for trying out hypersonic flight, or speeds above 5 times the speed of sound. The name "Aurora" was used for the aircraft because in 1985, it appeared on an American military funding list. It might have been to replace the SR-71 Blackbird.

## Aurora sightings 
In 1989, a man named Chris Gibson was working on an oil rig when he saw a KC-135 Stratotanker, two F-111 Aardvarks, and a triangle-shaped craft refueling. He did not know what it was. During 1991 in Southern California, there were a lot of sonic booms being heard. There was also a pulse coming out of the engine. The most recent sighting was in 2006.

## Related pages
*Unidentified flying object

## References
The Oprah Winfrey Show

***The Oprah Winfrey Show*** was an American talk show which had Oprah Winfrey as the host. It began on September 8, 1986, and has since become one of the most famous talk shows in the world. The series ended on May 25, 2011, after 25 seasons. It won 18 Daytime Emmy Awards.

## Guests 
Notable guests on her show were:
* Gayle King &ndash; Oprah's friend (140 appearances)
* Celine Dion &ndash; Singer (27 appearances)
* Tom Cruise &ndash; Actor, known for jumping in the show's couch. He also appeared in the show's last episode.
* Nelson Mandela &ndash; President of South Africa
George Soros

Barry Obama

## References
Lenzburg

**Lenzburg**  is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It is the capital city of the district. The town was founded in the Middle Ages. It is in the Seetal valley, about  south of the Aare delta. Lenzburg and the municipalities of Niederlenz and Staufen have merged over time. The city name refers to the name of the castle which can be translated as *spring castle*.

As of 31 December 2010, Lenzburg about 8,341 people lived in Lenzburg.  Lenzburg is about  west of Zürich. Many people living in Lenzburg go to Zürich to work.

## Geography 
The district of  in area is in a valley between two ranges of minor limestone mountains which rise about  above the otherwise flat valley. The two major mountains are Während der Schlossberg at  above sea-level with a diameter of only , and the nearby Goffersberg at  above sea-level which is only  long and has a broad plateau  wide. Lenzburg grew together with the nearby communities into a regional area

Nearby municipalities are Rupperswil in the northwest, Niederlenz and Möriken Wildegg in the north; Othmarsingen in the northeast, Hendschiken in the east, Ammerswil in the southeast, Egliswil the south, Seon in the southwest as well as Staufen in the west.

## History 
The area has a long history. A neolithic cemetery with 16 chambered tombs built about 3,800 years ago was found near the castle in 1959.

A Roman theatre was uncovered when the motorway was built in 1964. It was built about 100 AD. It could seat an audience of about 4,000 people. It was part of a small village of 400 to 600 people that existed for about 200 years. The village was built on either side of the road for a distance of about 400 metres.

## References 
### General 
* Home page of the city of Lenzburg 
: -  History of Lenzburg.
: -  History of Castle Lenzburg

### Specific 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Arzo

**Arzo** was a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 5 April 2009, the former municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Mendrisio, Rancate and Tremona merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

## References 
## Other websites
Safenwil

**Safenwil** is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Lenzburg (disambiguation)

**Lenzburg** is a town in Switzerland.  The term may also refer to:

;Switzerland
*Lenzburg (district), a district of the Canton of Aargau, of which Lenzburg is the capital
*Schloss Lenzburg, a castle above the town of Lenzburg
*Regionalbus Lenzburg AG, a local bus company

;United States
*Lenzburg, Illinois
*Lenzburg Township, St. Clair County, Illinois
Locarno District

**Locarno** is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Circles and municipalities 
The district of Locarno has 40 municipalities divided in 7 circles:
* circles of Locarno: Locarno, Orselina, Tegna, Verscio, Cavigliano;
* circles of the Isole: Ascona, Brissago, Ronco sopra Ascona;
* circles of Onsernone: Comologno, Auressio, Berzona, Crana, Loco, Mosogno, Russo, Vergeletto;
* circles of the Gambarogno: Magadino, Casenzano, Caviano, Contone, Gerra (Gambarogno), Indemini, Piazzogna, , Sant'Abbondio, Vairano, Vira (Gambarogno);
* circles of Melezza: Borgnone, Intragna, Palagnedra, Losone;
* circles of Navegna: Tenero-Contra, Minusio, Mergoscia, Brione sopra Minusio, Gordola, Cugnasco;
* circles of Verzasca: Lavertezzo, Vogorno, Corippo, Brione-Gerra, Frasco, Sonogno.
Vallemaggia District

**Vallemaggia** is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Cevio.

## Circles and municipalities 
* circle of Rovana: Cevio, Linescio, Cerentino, Campo (Vallemaggia), Bosco Gurin;
* circle of Maggia: Maggia, Avegno, Gordevio;
* circle of Lavizzara: Lavizzara.
Bellinzona District

**Bellinzona** is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Circles and municipalities 
* circle of Bellinzona: Bellinzona, Arbedo-Castione, Lumino;
* circle of the Ticino: Monte Carasso, Gudo, Sementina, Gorduno, Gnosca, Preonzo, Moleno;
* circle of Giubiasco: Giubiasco, Pianezzo, Sant'Antonio, Camorino, Sant'Antonino, Cadenazzo, Medeglia, Isone.
Blenio District

**Blenio** is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Acquarossa.

## Circles and municipalities 
* Circle of Malvaglia: Malvaglia, Semione, Ludiano;
* Circle of di Acquarossa: Castro, Corzoneso, Dongio, Grumo, Largario, Leontica, Lottigna, Ponto Valentino, Prugiasco, Torre;
* Circle of Olivone: Aquila, Bottino, Campo (Blenio), Ghirone, Olivone.
Lugano District

**Lugano** is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Circles and municipalities 
The district of Lugano has 98 municipalities divided in 12 circles:
* Circle of Lugano: Lugano, Aldesago, Brè, Castagnola, Gandria;
* Circle of the Ceresio: Maroggia, Rovio, Arogno, Melano, Bissone;
* Circle of Carona: Paradiso, Carona, Melide, Morcote, Vico Morcote, Carabietta, Grancia, Agra, Gentilino, Montagnola, Barbengo, Carabbia;
* Circle of Magliasina: Caslano, Pura, Ponte Tresa, Curio, Neggio, Magliaso;
* Circle of Pregassona: Pregassona, Cureggia, Davesco, Noranco, Pambio, Pazzallo, Soragno, Viganello;
* Circle of Agno: Agno, Biogno, Bosco Luganese, Cimo, Iseo, Muzzano, Cademario, Vernate;
* Circle of Sessa: Sessa, Astano, Bedigliora, Biogno-Beride, Croglio-Castelrotto, Monteggio;
* Circle of Sonvico: Sonvico, Certara, Bogno, Colla, Insone, Scareglia, Signôra, Piandera, Cadro, Villa Luganese;
* Circle of Vezia: Vezia, Cureglia, Cadempino, Lamone, Comano, Sorengo, Massagno, Savosa, Porza, Canobbio;
* Circle of Breno: Breno, Arosio, Fescoggia, Mugena, Vezio, Novaggio, Miglieglia, Aranno;
* Circle of Taverne: Torricella-Taverne, Rivera, Bironico, Camignolo, Mezzovico-Vira, Sigirino, Bedano, Gravesano, Manno;
* Circle of Tesserete: Tesserete, Cagiallo, Campestro, Sala Capriasca, Lopagno, Roveredo Capriasca, Vaglio, Bidogno, Corticiasca, Lugaggia, Ponte Capriasca, Origlio;
* Circle of Riva San Vitale: Riva San Vitale, Meride, Arzo, Besazio, Tremona, Rancate, Capolago.
Rounder Records

**Rounder Records** is an American record label that formed in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1970. Since then, it has moved to Burlington, Massachusetts. Over the years, some of the artists and bands that have been signed to the label include Alison Krauss, Ween, and Bela Fleck.
Columbia Records

**Columbia Records** is an American record label formed in 1888. It is the oldest existing record company in the world.

Its parent company is now Sony Music Entertainment. Over the years, some of the artists and bands that have been signed to the label include Aretha Franklin, Prince, Amerie,  System of a Down, Johnny Cash, Bob Dylan, Bela Fleck, Janis Joplin, Paul McCartney, John Lennon, Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, and hundreds of other artists.

## Related pages
* List of Columbia Records artists

## References
Rheinfelden, Switzerland

**Rheinfelden** is a city and municipality of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, seat of the district of Rheinfelden.  It is  east of Basel.  The name means the fields of the Rhine, as the town is on the Hochrhein.  It is home to Feldschlösschen, the most popular beer in Switzerland. The city is across the river from Rheinfelden in Baden-Württemberg; the two cities were joined until Napoleon Bonaparte fixed the German–Swiss border on the Rhine in 1802 and are still socially and economically tied.

## Geography 
The old town of Rheinfelden is on the Rhine river. The Rhine can be traveled down by ship from Rheinfelden all the way to the North Sea.

## History 
The area around Rheinfelden was already settled about 10,000 years ago. At that time, people lived in the "Hermitage", a small natural cave next to the current highway. In the year 45 BC, a few kilometers west, the village Augusta Raurica was made, the first Roman town in Switzerland, near modern Kaiseraugst.  Towards the end of the 4th century, a fort was built at the western settlement.

During the 17th century, there was very little time during which the city enjoyed peace. During the Rappenkrieg (a peasant uprising that lasted from 1612 until 1614), the city was ruined. Between 1633 and 1638, the Thirty Years' War reached Fricktal, where Rheinfelden played a big role. On 15 July 1633, Swedish and French troops ruined the city. On 5 February 1638, the city was put under attack by Protestant troops sent by Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar. On 28 February, the Battle of Rheinfelden began, as the city was attacked by the bigger Imperial and Bavarian troops sent by Johann von Werth and Federigo Savelli. The Protestants lost this battle and moved on. Bernhard brought them weapons, but in the second passage on 3 March they were defeated, as he and his men unexpectedly re-appeared on the battlefield, with Savelli and Werth falling into captivity.

By the end of the Thirty Years' War, the Austrians had built a fortress on the island to secure the southwestern border of the Breisgau. In 1678, French troops sent by François de Créquy fired at the city. In 1745, during the War of the Austrian Succession, the French made a fortress on the same ground and also ruined part of the city wall.  On 17 July 1796, Rheinfelden was again occupied and looted by the French.

Because of the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797, the Fricktal became a protectorate of the French, making the front line between the French Revolutionary and the Austrian troops in the War of the Second Coalition.  On 20 February 1802, Rheinfelden was made the capital city of the new Canton of Fricktal, joining the Helvetic Republic in August, the point at which the city became mostly Swiss. The seat of the cantonal government was here instead of in Laufenburg. With the beginning of the *Reichsdeputationshauptschluss* (the German Mediatisation), Napoleon Bonaparte removed the canton of Fricktal. Since 19 March 1803, Rheinfelden has been the capital of the district of the same name, in the canton of Aargau.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Feldschlösschen brewery
Icosahedron

An **icosahedron** is a polyhedron (a three dimensional shape) that is made of triangles and has twenty sides.

There are many kinds of icosahedra, with some being more symmetrical than others. The best known is the **regular icosahedron**, a Platonic solid made of equilateral triangles.

## Regular icosahedra
There are two objects, one convex and one concave, that can both be called regular icosahedra. Each has 30 edges and 20 equilateral triangle faces with five meeting at each of its twelve vertices. Both have the same symmetry so that their vertices are at similar places. The term "regular icosahedron" usually refers to the convex icosahedron, while the nonconvex form is called a *great icosahedron*.

### Convex regular icosahedron
The convex regular icosahedron is usually simply called the *regular icosahedron*. It is one of the five regular Platonic solids, and it is represented by its Schläfli symbol {3, 5}, containing 20 triangular faces, with 5 faces meeting around each vertex.

Its dual polyhedron is the regular dodecahedron {5, 3} which has three regular pentagonal faces around each vertex.

### Great icosahedron
The great icosahedron is one of the four regular star Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra. Its Schläfli symbol is \{3,\frac52\}. Like the convex form, it also has 20 equilateral triangle faces, but its vertex figure is a pentagram rather than a pentagon, leading to geometrically intersecting faces. The intersections of the triangles do not represent new edges.

Its dual polyhedron is the great stellated dodecahedron (\frac52,3), having three regular star pentagonal faces around each vertex.

## Stellated icosahedra
Stellation is the process of extending the faces or edges of a polyhedron until they meet to form a new polyhedron. It is done symmetrically so that the resulting figure retains the overall symmetry of the parent figure.

In their book *The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra*, Coxeter et al. enumerated 58 such stellations of the regular icosahedron.

Of these, many have a single face in each of the 20 face planes and so are also icosahedra. The great icosahedron is among them.

Other stellations have more than one face in each plane or form compounds of simpler polyhedra. These are not strictly icosahedra, although they are often referred to as such.
Figueirense FC

**Figueirense Futebol Clube**, also known as **Figueirense**, is a Brazilian football team in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina.

## History
In 1921, the club was founded as Figueirense Football Club.

In 1932 the team won their first state championship.

From 1935 to 1937, Figueirense was three times in a row Catarinense champion.

In 1973, Figueirense was the first team of Santa Catarina state in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.

In 1987, the club played at Campeonato Catarinense Second Division, and won the promotion to the First Division.

In 2001, the club was Campeonato Brasileiro Second Division runner-up, and was promoted to the following year's First Division.

From 2002 to 2004, Figueirense was three times in a row Campeonato Catarinense champion.

## Stadium
The stadium of Figueirense is Estádio Orlando Scarpelli. It was built in 1961. Its a maximum capacity is 19,908 people.

## Titles
* Champion of Campeonato Catarinense (State Championship) in  1932, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1972, 1974, 1994, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2018
* Champion of Copa Santa Catarina (State Cup) in 1990 and 1996
* Finalist of Copa do Brasil in 2007
* Finalist of Brazilian Série B in 2001
* Champion of Torneio Mercosul in 1995.

## Idols
* Agnaldo
* Albeneir
* Cléber
* Edmundo
* Jorge Fossati
* Sérgio Gil
* Valdo

## Other websites
*Figueirense Official Web Site
*Gavioes Alvinegros - Ultras/Fan Set
C Sharp (programming language)

**C#** (pronounced "see sharp") is a computer programming language. It is developed by Microsoft. It was created to use all capacities of the .NET platform. The first version was released in 2001. C# is a modern language in active development, with the most recent version at time of writing being C# 13, which was released in June 2024 alongside .NET 9. C#'s development team is led by Anders Hejlsberg, the creator of Delphi.

## Execution Platform 
*The Microsoft .NET platform;
*Free implementation of C# and .NET like Mono developed by Novell, or dotGNU developed by the Free Software Foundation.

Today, C# can be run on most platforms (Windows, Linux, macOS, etc.) without changing the source code. C# can be run on the Xbox 360 platform with a special framework.

## Syntax 
C# code is similar to C++ and Java code.  The **CLR** (Common Language Runtime) is needed in order to run a C# program.

### "Hello, World!" example 
```csharp
/* This is a simple program in C#. 
 * It simply shows "Hello, World!" on the screen.
 */
using System;
namespace HelloWorld
{
  class Hello
  {
    static void Main()
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
      
      // The piece of code below is optional, but is needed to prevent the program from closing immediately.
      
      Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
      Console.ReadKey();
    }
  } 
}
```

### Basic input example 
```csharp
/* 
 * This program asks for input from the user, i.e. a name. It then prints "Hello [name]", replacing [name] with whatever the person typed in.
 */
using System;
namespace HelloWorld
{
  class Hello
  {
    static void Main()
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Hello, please type in your name:");
      string name = Console.ReadLine();
      Console.WriteLine("Hello {0}",name);
      Console.ReadKey();
    }
  } 
}
```

## Integrated Development Environments 
C# can be edited in a number of IDEs (Integrated Development Environments), some of which are listed below:

Windows:
*Microsoft Visual Studio
*SharpDevelop
*Visual C#
*Visual C# Express
*Rider
Mac OS X:
*MonoDevelop (With limitations)
*Microsoft Visual Studio
Unix/Linux:
*MonoDevelop

## Sources 
## Related pages
* Object-oriented programming
* C (programming language)
* C++
* Java

## Other websites 
* C#.NET in Hindi - सीखें आसानी से।
* C# Station, Example, Video
* Visual C# Developer Center
* C# lessons 
*c# continue at CodeExampler for Free
* C# Station 
* Visual C#
* Introduction to the C# Language and the .NET Framework
* C# / CSharp Tutorial 
* Visual C# Tutorials and Lessons (Learn C#) 
* Visual C# .NET Programming on http://www.homeandlearn.co.uk/
* Examples for C# Essentials 
*Learn C# with Examples (C# Tutorial)
*C# Programming Examples
Wilmington, North Carolina

**Wilmington** is a city in New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. 

The population was around 115,000 during 2020. It is seen as the only coup d'état on American soil.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Wilmington, NC 
* 
* The Insiders' Guide to Wilmington, NC
Plantation Key

**Plantation Key** is an island in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is in the upper Florida Keys on U.S. Route 1 (or the *Overseas Highway*), between Key Largo and Windley Key.
Oak Island, North Carolina

**Oak Island, North Carolina** is a town mostly on Oak Island (which also contains the town of Caswell Beach and the North Carolina Baptist Assembly at Fort Caswell) in Brunswick County, North Carolina; a small part of the town extends onto the mainland north of the island's bridge. 8,396 people lived there at the 2020 census. It was founded in 1999 by the consolidation of the towns of Long Beach and Yaupon Beach. Its main industry is tourism; the town has about 30,000-40,000 people in the summer.

## References 
## Other websites
* Oak Island, NC City Guide
* Official Town Site 
* Southport-Oak Island Area Chamber of Commerce
Avegno, Switzerland

**Avegno** was a municipality of the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 20 April 2008, Avegno and Gordevio merged to form the new municipality of Avegno Gordevio.

In 1982, the Swiss Heritage Society gave the Wakker Prize to Avegno for the saving of its historical buildings.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Wakker Prize

The **Wakker Prize** (, , ) is given every year by the Swiss Heritage Society to a municipality of Switzerland for the making and saving of its historical buildings.

In 2005, the prize was given to the Swiss Federal Railways, rather than a municipality.

The prize is named for Henri-Louis Wakker, a Swiss banker and real estate entrepreneur. His will provided a considerable sum of money without conditions to the Swiss Heritage Society, which in 1972 created the Wakker Prize in his honor.

## Prize winners
## Other websites
*Patrimoine suisse: Prix Wakker
Ehrendingen

**Ehrendingen** is a municipality of the district Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Ehrendingen was created on 1 January 2006, from the former municipalities of Oberehrendingen and Unterehrendingen.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official municipal Website
Barbengo

**Barbengo** was a municipality until 2008, when it was moved to the municipality of Lugano, Lugano district in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Other websites 
* Official site of the quarter
*
Bedano

**Bedano** is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
*Official homepage of the municipality of Bedano
Atlantic Standard Time Zone

.]]
The **Atlantic Standard Time Zone (AST)** is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting four hours from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), resulting in GMT-4 (UTC-4).  The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the 60th degree meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory.

The Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island keep time by subtracting four hours from UTC. So does Bermuda, an island territory in the North Atlantic. In the summer, both places use daylight saving time. They keep *Atlantic Daylight Time (ADT)* (UTC-3) in the summer.

Other parts of the world that keep time by subtracting four hours from UTC include: many Caribbean islands, including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and several South American countries, such as Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia, and parts of Brazil. Venezuela used AST until December 9, 2007, when it switched to UTC-4:30, but switched back to AST on May 1, 2016, at 2:30 a.m. local time.

## References
## Other websites
* World time zone map 
* U.S. time zone map 
* History of U.S. time zones and UTC conversion 
* Canada time zone map
* Time zones for major world cities
* Official times across Canada 
* The official U.S. time for the Atlantic Time Zone (no DST)
Hurricane Fabian

**Hurricane Fabian** was a powerful Cape Verde-type hurricane that hit Bermuda in early September during the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. Fabian was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and first major hurricane of the season. 

## Storm History
Fabian developed from a tropical wave in the tropical Atlantic Ocean on August 25. It moved west-northwestward under the influence of the subtropical ridge to its north, and steadily strengthened in an area of warm water temperatures and light wind shear. The hurricane attained a peak intensity of 145&nbsp;mph (230&nbsp;km/h) on September 1, and it slowly weakened as it turned northward. On September 5, Fabian made a direct hit on the island of Bermuda with wind speeds of over 120&nbsp;mph (195&nbsp;km/h). After passing the island, the hurricane turned to the northeast, and became extratropical on September 8.

## Impact, aftermath and records
Fabian was the strongest hurricane to hit Bermuda since Hurricane Arlene in 1963. It was both the most damaging and the first hurricane to cause a death on the island since 1926. The hurricane's powerful winds resulted in moderate damage and destroyed roofs throughout the island. A strong storm surge associated with the hurricane killed four people crossing a causeway on Bermuda, temporarily closing the only link between two islands. The endangered Bermuda Petrel, better known as the Cahow, was threatened by the hurricane, which destroyed ten nests, although volunteer work transported the species to a safer location. Strong swells resulted in damage in northern Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, and also caused four people to drown along the United States' Atlantic coast. In all, Fabian caused around $300&nbsp;million (2003&nbsp;USD, $357 million in damage and eight deaths.

## Retirement
Because the devastating affects in Bermuda the name Fabian was retired. It was replaced by Fred in 2009.

## References
## Other websites
* NHC's archive on Hurricane Fabian
* NHC's Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Fabian 
* Wikimedia Commons Image Gallery on Hurricane Fabian
Revolver (Beatles album)

***Revolver*** is a 1966 album by British rock band The Beatles. It was their 7th album. Its front cover is a , designed by Klaus Voormann, an artist friend of the Beatles from Germany.

The album was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London, England. While most of the Beatles's records were made in Studio Two, it was being used for another project, so much of *Revolver* was made in Studio Three, which was much smaller and meant for use by soloists. Space was cramped, and the sound of the record was different from their earlier ones.

The album also got a different  from earlier Beatles albums. The band felt free to "branch out" into new themes and ideas, that nobody had tried in a pop music recording before. "Taxman" commented on the tax system in England. "Eleanor Rigby" was about . "Yellow Submarine" became a hit with children. "Good Day Sunshine" and "Got to Get You Into My Life" were covered by other bands.

A few of the songs made references to drugs, particularly John Lennon's songs. "She Said She Said" was about a party in Los Angeles the Beatles had gone to, and had taken LSD. "Doctor Robert" was about a New York doctor (Charles Roberts) who  sedatives and "feel-good" drugs for his patients. "Tomorrow Never Knows" came from Lennon's reading *The Psychedelic Experience*, which adapted the *Tibetan Book of the Dead* as a drug-user's guide.

Beatles lead guitarist George Harrison was pleased to have three of his own songs included on *Revolver*, "Taxman", "Love You To", and "I Want to Tell You". Most Beatles albums only had one or two Harrison songs. "Love You To" did not feature guitars, but Harrison instead played a sitar. World-famous sitarist Ravi Shankar heard the song, but did not like it, and offered to teach Harrison to play sitar properly. Shankar and Harrison went on to become lifelong friends.

Three songs from the album were "borrowed" by Capitol Records in the United States, and used on a compilation album, *Yesterday... and Today*, which came out before *Revolver*. The songs were "I'm Only Sleeping", "Doctor Robert", and "And Your Bird Can Sing". Capitol Records then released *Revolver* in a shortened version. The compact disc edition for sale today follows the original British version.

*Revolver* came out while the Beatles were on a concert tour. Bands normally perform songs from their latest album as a  part of a concert. Strangely, the Beatles did not perform any *Revolver* songs on tour, but instead played the same music as on earlier tours. This got them criticism from some listeners. The tour also turned out to be the band's last. They played their final public concert in San Francisco, California on August 29, 1966.

## Songs 
## Sources
*
High five

A **high five** is a hand gesture done with two people who want to express joy over an common achievement. The five refers to the five fingers on each hand. 

## Meanings 
It might mean "Good Job!". High fives are not done because a person is mad at someone else, even though doing one may hurt.

### Methods 
To do a high five, both people open one hand and raise it, and slap them together. It is morally wrong to slap someone in the face, instead of the hand. Sometimes this is confusing.

### Variations 
Depending on the situation, a high-five may be changed to a slap-n-slide of the palms also known as a dab-up.

One Person High Five: Clap/Clapping
Rip current

A **rip current** is a strong surface flow of water returning outward from near the shore (not to be confused with an undertow). It is often mistakenly called a "**rip tide**" or "**riptide**", which is a flow of water out of an inland lagoon or channel during an ebb tide. Colloquially a rip current is known simply as a **rip**. Although rip currents would exist even without the tides, tides can make an existing rip much more dangerous (especially low tide). Typical flow is at 0.5 meters per second (1-2 feet per second), and can be as fast as 2.5 meters per second (8 feet per second). Rip currents can move to different locations on a beach break, up to tens of metres (a few hundred feet) a day. They can happen at any beach with breaking waves, including the world's oceans, seas, and large lakes such as the Great Lakes in Canada and the United States. 

## Causes and occurrence
A rip current forms because wind and breaking waves push surface water towards the land. This causes a slight rise in the water level along the shore. This excess water will flow back to the open water via the easiest route. When there is an area which is a bit deeper, such as a break in an offshore sand bar or reef, this can let water flow offshore more quickly, forming a rip current.

Water that has been pushed up near the beach flows along the shore towards the outgoing rip as "longshore currents". The extra water flows out at a right angle to the beach, in a tight current called the "neck" of the rip. The "neck" is where the flow is fastest. When the water in the rip current reaches outside of the lines of breaking waves, the flow spreads sideways, loses power, and dissipates in what is known as the "head" of the rip.

Rip currents can form by the coasts of oceans, seas, and large lakes, whenever there are waves of high enough energy. Rip currents often occur on a gradually sloping shore, where breaking waves approach the shore parallel to it. The location of rip currents can be difficult to predict. Some tend to form always in the same places, but others can appear and disappear quickly at various locations along the beach. The appearance and disappearance of rip currents is dependent upon the shape of the bottom of the water body and the exact direction from which the waves are coming.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Rip Current Safety (US National Weather Service)
* United States Lifesaving Association, Rip Currents 
* Rip Currents - Everything a swimmer needs (pictures too) on just one page
* Rip Current Awareness (New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium) 
* Rip currents: Going with the flow (a study reveals that Rip Currents are much more complicated than was previously thought, New Scientist, 27 June 2007)
Bidogno

**Bidogno** was a municipality of the district Lugano, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 20 April 2008, the former municipalities of Bidogno, Corticiasca and Lugaggia joined together and became the municipality of Capriasca.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website  
*
Besazio

**Besazio** is a former municipality of the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Besazio, Ligornetto and Meride merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

## References 
## Other websites
St. David's Island, Bermuda

'''St. David's Island''' is one of the main islands of Bermuda. It is located in the far north of the territory, one of the two similarly sized islands that makeup the majority of St. George's Parish.

## Other websites
* Bermuda Online 
* Google Maps satellite photos of Bermunda
St. John's International Airport

'''St. John's International Airport'''  is 3 nautical miles (5.6&nbsp;km) northwest of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.  The airport is part of the National Airports System, and is operated by St. John's International Airport Authority Inc.

## References
## Other websites
* St. John's International Airport Authority
Biasca

**Biasca** is the capital of the district Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Geography
The municipality lies at the entrance to the Blenio valley, 19&nbsp;km north of Bellinzona, on the banks of the Brenno. About 3&nbsp;km east of Biasca is the small lake of Carigiolo.  The villages of Loderio, Ponte, Pontirone, Sant'Anna, and Valle are a part of Biasca.

## History
Roman coins has been found in Biasca, which means that it had people living in it in old times.

The church of Biasca has sculptures and paintings from the 1400s and 1500s. It was built in 1213. A second Catholic church, the Rotonda di San Carlo, is a nice example of the modern building of the Milanese builder Macciacchini.

An avalanche from the Monte Crenone (now called Pizzo Magno) in 1512 buried many houses in Biasca and killed hundreds of people. This was one of the big avalanches in the Alps in modern times. It dammed the Brenno, forming a 14 kilometer long lake. This dam broke in the spring of 1514, flooding the Ticino valley to the Magadino plain.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* Biasca and Riviera Tourism website (Italian, French, German, English)
Hamilton Parish, Bermuda

**Hamilton Parish** (originally Bedford Parish) is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It was renamed for Scottish aristocrat James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton (1589-1625) when he purchased the shares originally held in the Virginia Company by Lucy, Countess of Bedford.

## Other websites
* Bermuda Online
The Causeway, Bermuda

**The Causeway** is a narrow strip of reclaimed land and bridges in the north of Bermuda linking Hamilton Parish on the mainland in the southwest and Bermuda International Airport on St. David's Island in St. George's Parish in the northeast, which are otherwise divided by Castle Harbour.

## Other websites
* http://www.newcrossing.gov.bm/  New Crossing, government website on the future of the Causeway
Southampton Parish, Bermuda

**Southampton Parish** is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named for Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton (1573-1624).

## Other websites
* Bermuda Online
St. George's Parish, Bermuda

'''St. George's Parish''' is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named in honour of the patron saint of England, though it is indirectly regarded as being named for the founder of the Bermuda colony, Englishman Admiral Sir George Somers.

## Other websites 
* Bermuda Online
Cape Breton Island

of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada.]]
**Cape Breton Island** (French: *île du Cap-Breton* - formerly *île Royale*, Scottish Gaelic: *Eilean Cheap Breatuinn*, Míkmaq: *Únamakika*, simply: *Cape Breton*) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America. It likely corresponds to the European word "Breton", referring to Brittany.

## Other websites 
* Cape Breton Wireless Heritage Society
* Movement for a Free and Independent Province of Cape Breton 
* Cape Breton Island's 4 Men In A Tub
* Cape Breton Island Directory 
* Caper Canada 
* Flags of Cape Breton Island, on Flags of the World.net website
* Visit Victoria County
* Hike the Highlands Festival
Focke-Wulf Fw 190

The **Fw 190** was a German fighter aircraft made by Focke-Wulf during World War II. It first flew in 1939 and was introduced in 1941. Even though it was not sleek, it could still go 408&nbsp;miles per hour (653&nbsp;kilometers per hour). It was also called the **Shrike** and the **Butcher Bird**.

In 1942, Luftwaffe pilot Armin Faber landed by accident at a British airfield. They were then able to find out things about the aircraft.

The Focke-Wulf Fw-190 was a **multirole fighter/bomber** German aircraft. It could **take down large bombers** itself, and ambush enemy squadrons. It fought its way through **British crowds of aircraft**, and supported its allies. It was also able to attack and **destroy ground targets**, as it has a handy bomb, found under the fuselage. 

The FW 190 was 29&nbsp;feet (8.84&nbsp;meters) long, had a wingspan of 34&nbsp;feet 5.5&nbsp;inches (10.49&nbsp;meters), was 13&nbsp;feet (3.96&nbsp;meters) high, weighed 7,055&nbsp;pounds (3,200 kilograms) empty and 10,800&nbsp;pounds (4,900 kilograms) operational. It could go 408&nbsp;miles per hour (653&nbsp;kilometers per hour), could fly up to 37,400&nbsp;feet (11,410&nbsp;meters), and could go 560&nbsp;miles (900&nbsp;kilometers) without refueling.

FW 109 was 1500 kg heavier than Bf 109. It was also faster (FW 190 A-8 was 16&nbsp;km/h faster than Bf 109 G-6) but it didn't climb as fast as Bf 109 (at 15&nbsp;m/s compared to 17&nbsp;m/s of Bf 109). FW 190 was much better armed than Bf 109 - it had 2 machine guns above the engine and four cannons in the wings. Bf 109 had only one cannon and two machine guns.

## Related pages
* Bf 109
* P-47 Thunderbolt

## Notes
## References 
## Other websites 
* Luftwaffe Resource Center
* Technical dates of 190D (via Internet Archive)
* Fw 190 Infos
Capitol Records

**Capitol Records** is an American major record label based in Hollywood, California. It was founded on March 27, 1942 by musician Johnny Mercer, with partners Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs. The company was later bought by EMI, a company based in England. The buyout gave Capitol's American recording artists an  for their records in England and Europe, while EMI's artists could sell their works in America.

Capitol's biggest-selling "imported" artist is The Beatles. When the Beatles had their first hits in England and Europe, Capitol Records did not want to market their recordings. Record producer George Martin turned instead to other American labels, trying to give the Beatles a hit record in America. Their records did not sell well in America at first, but "I Want to Hold Your Hand" became a hit through radio  of a British copy. Capitol Records changed their minds, released "I Want to Hold Your Hand", and it became a best-seller. Capitol then became the  record label for the Beatles in America. When Universal Music sold Parlophone (the Beatles' British label) to Warner Music Group, Universal moved the Beatles' music to Capitol Records worldwide.

Capitol's Hollywood headquarters is in a building called the Capitol Tower. It is round, and built to resemble a stack of records. The building houses offices, and also Capitol's own recording studio, with large echo chambers under the building.

Today Capitol Records supervises many smaller record labels. Capitol and UMG are part of a larger company, named Vivendi.

## Notable Capitol recording artists
* Nat "King" Cole
* Mary J. Blige
* George Clinton
* Lou Rawls
* The Beach Boys
* Glen Campbell
* Peggy Lee
* Dean Martin
* Anne Murray
* Helen Reddy
* Linda Ronstadt
* Bob Seger
* Frank Sinatra
* Katy Perry
* Jon Bellion

## "Imported" artists appearing on Capitol Records
* The Beatles
* Kate Bush (on EMI America)
* Sheena Easton (on EMI America)
* Little River Band
* Pink Floyd

## Labels supervised by Capitol Records
* Apple Records
* EMI Records
* EMI America Records
* Grand Royal Records
* Harvest Records
* Liberty Records

## References
Tsar Bomba

**Tsar Bomba**, the nickname for the AN602 H-bomb, was the largest, most powerful nuclear weapon ever used. It was originally tested by the Soviet Union on October 30, 1961. It was a three stage H-bomb.

This bomb is also called the *Father of Bombs*.

The explosion had a power of 56,000,000 tonns of TNT (56 Megatons). The Tsar Bomb was actually designed as a 100 Megatonn-Bomb. But as there were problems to detonate a bomb as strong as 100,000,000 tons of TNT, so the Soviet Union technicians reduced its power to 56 Megatonns.

The testing site of the nuclear bomb was Novaya Zemlya. There was not much fallout because the bomb was detonated at  height.

The bomb was dropped by a Soviet bomber, the Tupolev Tu-95. This was the only plane in the world which could carry the bomb. When the bomb exploded, the bomber fell one Kilometer in height from the huge blast wave.
243 Ida

**243 Ida** is a Main belt asteroid with pictures taken by the *Galileo* spacecraft on August 28, 1993. It was the first binary asteroid to be found and is a member of the Koronis family of asteroids.

## Discovery and name 
Ida was found by Johann Palisa on September 29, 1884 in Vienna. It is named after Ida, a Cretan nymph in Greek mythology who lived on a mountain that has her name (see Mount Ida, Crete).

## Moon 
Ida has a small moon, Dactyl, which was found on February 17, 1994 by *Galileo* mission member Ann Harch, while examining the delayed image downloads. The moon was given the designation **S/1993 (243) 1** and later named **(243) Ida I Dactyl**. The pictures where it was first seen were taken on 28 August 1993, hence the designation. The moon was reported on 12 March 1994.

Dactyl is only 1.4&nbsp;km in diameter. Some researchers believe that Dactyl formed from debris blown off from Ida because of cratering, while others suggest that Ida and Dactyl formed as a pair a billion or more years ago when Ida's parent body was disrupted. Both of these theories present difficulties that are unresolved at this time. Since Dactyl was found, other sightings have suggested that asteroid moons are common.

Although Ida's dimensions, measured along the principal axes (based on its rotation) are 53.6×24.0×15.2&nbsp;km, the best-fit ellipsoid measures 60.0×25.2×18.6&nbsp;km. Since its mass is well known thanks to its little moon, one can calculate that its surface gravity can be between 0.0031 and 0.0324&nbsp;m/s². The rotation axis is within one degree of the shorter dimension axis, which means the centrifugal effect can reach a value as high as 0.0042&nbsp;m/s² — at the tips of its longest axes, Ida is actually under tension.

## Related pages
* Comet
* Asteroid

## References 
* P. C. Thomas, M. J. S. Belton, B. Carcich, C. R. Chapman, M. E. Davies, R. Sullivan, and J. Veverka; *The shape of Ida*, Icarus, Issue 1, No. 120, pp.&nbsp;20–32, 1996.
* M. E. Davies, T. R. Colvin, M. J. S. Belton, P. C. Thomas, J. Veverka, The Galileo Imaging Science Team, *The North Pole Direction and the Control Network of the Asteroid 243 Ida*, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 26, p.&nbsp;1154, June 1994
* Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites, 2000
* [ftp://ftp.lowell.edu/pub/elgb/astorb.html The Asteroid Orbital Elements Database]
* Minor Planet Discovery Circumstances
* IAUC 6082 announcing Dactyl's naming
Bodio

**Bodio** is a municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* Official website
Bironico

**Bironico** was a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 21 November 2010 the  municipalities of Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino joined together to become a new municipality, Monteceneri.

## References 
## Other websites
Borgnone

**Borgnone** was a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 October 2009, the former municipalities of Borgnone, Intragna and Palagnedra merged into the new municipality of Centovalli.

## References 
## Other websites
Principality of Khachen

The **Principality of Khachen** () was a medieval Armenian principality, in part of historical Artsakh (present-day Nagorno-Karabakh). The regions of Artsakh and Utik were provinces of the Kingdom of Armenia in Antiquity. From the twelfth century the Khachen principality dominated the region. The Byzantine emperor Constantine VII addressed his letters to the prince of Khachen with the inscription "To Prince of Khachen, Armenia." Today the region is recognised to be part of Azerbaijan. 

## Related pages
* Nagorno-Karabakh

## References
## Other websites 
* http://www.cilicia.com/History.htm
Therapy

**Therapy**, in the medical field also called **treatment**, is what people do to try to solve or care for a health problem, physical or mental. When a person is ill or injured, a doctor may make a medical diagnosis and then recommend a therapy to try to make the person well. The therapy can be, for example, medications (drugs), surgery or a change of diet. Therapy may be offered at work to help people with stress.

A person who does therapy as a job is called a **therapist.** There are many kinds of therapists. for example:
* Group therapist
* Hypnotherapist
* Occupational therapist
* Physiotherapist
* Psychotherapist
* Speech therapist

## Therapeutic effects 
Medical treatments may have four results:
* No effect at all
* Placebo effect
* A *therapeutic effect* is a good result
* An *adverse effect* is a bad result
* A *side-effect* or *adverse reaction* is an unwanted effect from therapy. For example, taking medications as tablets or injections may cause many sorts of side-effects. Examples are headaches, nausea, , constipation, blurred vision and others. Radiotherapy can also cause side effects of nausea, rash on the skin, and vomiting, for example

## Related pages
* Chemotherapy
* Pharmacotheraphy
* Radiotherapy

## References
## Other websites
*"Chapter Nine of the Book of Medicine Dedicated to Mansur, with the Commentary of Sillanus de Nigris" is an old book written in Latin. It was written in 1483. It has parts about therapy in it.
Joaquín Rodrigo

**Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre, 1st Marquess of the Gardens of Aranjuez** (; 22 November 1901 – 6 July 1999) was a Spanish composer of classical music and a virtuoso pianist. Although he was blind from an early age, he became one of the most important Spanish composers of the 20th century. He wrote a lot of music for guitar, which helped classical guitar music worldwide to become more popular. His most famous work is a guitar concerto called *Concierto de Aranjuez*.

## Life 
### Early life 
Rodrigo became blind at the age of three after becoming ill with diphtheria. When he was eight he began to learn piano and violin. He also learned the guitar, but never became very good at it, although he was to compose some wonderful music for the instrument.

After studying music in Valencia he went to Paris where he studied with Paul Dukas in Paris. After a short time back in Spain, he returned to Paris to study musicology, first under Maurice Emmanuel and then under André Pirro. In 1947 Rodrigo became a professor of music history in Madrid, a job that was made especially for him.

### His famous concertos 
Rodrigo’s most famous work, *de Aranjuez*, was composed in 1939 in Paris. It is a concerto for solo classical guitar and orchestra. There are three movements. The middle movement is a slow movement with a tune which is played on the cor anglais. It has become one of classical music’s best-loved tunes.

After the success of this piece several other musicians asked him to write concertos for them, e.g. the flautist James Galway, the cellist Julian Lloyd Webber and the guitarist Andrés Segovia, for whom he composed *Fantasía para un gentilhombre* in 1954. Another of his works is called *Concierto Andaluz,* for four guitars and orchestra.

### Honours 
In 1991, Rodrigo was raised to the nobility by King Juan Carlos; he was given the title *Marqués de los Jardines de Aranjuez* (Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez). He was given the Prince of Asturias Award in 1996, the highest honour a Spanish civilian can get. He was made Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 1998.

### Personal life 
He married Victoria Kamhi, a Turkish-born pianist, in 1933. They had a daughter called Cecilia. Rodrigo died in 1999 in Madrid at the age of 97. Joaquín Rodrigo and his wife Victoria are buried at the cemetery at Aranjuez.

## His music 
Rodrigo composed about 170 works. These include 11 concertos, lots of pieces for choir, songs, piano music and guitar music. Like Manuel de Falla in the early 20th century, Rodrigo became the leading figure in Spanish music in the later part of the century. His music is not like most of the music that was being written in Europe at the time. At first his music was influenced by that of Stravinsky, Ravel and Granados, but later his personality gave it a special Spanish character. He had a lot of knowledge and wrote articles about lots of different arts subjects.

## References 
* Music Online

## Other websites 
* Joaquín Rodrigo website
Stamp album

A **stamp album** is a book, often loose-leafed (with its papers not attached to the book, but hanging loose inside), in which a collection of postage stamps may be stored and displayed. There are also stamp albums in the form of binders.

Many collectors buy preprinted (already printed) albums and pages, which are made and sold. The usual format is to print a black-and-white picture of the stamp in each space.  Album pages are almost always one-sided pages.

Stamp hinges are used by stamp collectors to put postage stamps onto the pages of  the stamp album.

## Other websites
* http://stamp-paradise.com/
* http://www.thestampweb.com/
*Postage stamp album, and catalogue of British and foreign postage stamps, 1863
*A.Golden *Unique Handmade Books*, see Stock Book