open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
James River (Missouri)

The **James River** is a  river in southern Missouri. Its source is near the town of Diggins in Webster County. It begins on a northwesterly course, then turns southwest near Northview. It passes down the east side of Springfield where a dam creates Lake Springfield. From Springfield, it flows west and then south to Galena. Shortly after Galena it enters Table Rock Lake. Before the dam that created Table Rock Lake, the James River emptied into the White River. 

Large sections of the James River are used by canoes or kayaks. A solid 3-day float from the spillway below Lake Springfield to Galena is possible when the levels are high enough. There are several access points along the river. These offer a variety of amenities including fishing and boat rentals. 

The James River is not a water source for the city of Springfield. However, Springfield Lake is a primary source of water for the cooling system at the Southeast Power Plant which sits by the dam. James River Freeway on the city's south side is named after the river. The river's unusual green stain is from copper-fixing bacteria present in the waters.

## Location
;Mouth: Table Rock Lake, Stone County, Missouri: 

## References
High Chaparral Theme Park

**High Chaparral** is a Wild West theme park and museum, close to Värnamo, Sweden. It features cultural artifacts and collectibles. It opened in 1966, founded by Bengt Erlandson, more commonly known as 'Big Bengt'.

## Big Bengt, the founder 
Big Bengt was born in 1922 in Brännehylte, Småland. His parents owned a forest farm and a wood mill. Big Bengt was involved in starting over 1000 companies. His interest in the Wild West was born from coming from a countryside where many had emigrated to America and from the stories they told. Bengt went to the United States himself in 1956 and in 4 months covered 4000 km. He came back to Sweden with a lot of impressions. When the Swedish national phone company had to get rid of 200,000 telephone poles, Bengt took the opportunity and constructed a fort. When many people started to get curious about the place, he realized its possibilities.  

## Park 
The park was opened in 1966. It stages several stunt shows a day. It also has a steam train that runs through the park. There is both the classic Wild West section, an Indian themed area, a Mexican themed area, and a museum overflowing with cultural artifacts, old cars, machinery, and various Cold War oddities such as the bronze monster-size statue of Lenin expelled from Nowa Huta.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Compassion

**Compassion** is a positive response and desire to help with an inner motivation to lessen or prevent suffering of others.

Compassion motivates people to go out of their way to help physical, spiritual, or emotional hurts or pains of another. The word “compassion” comes from Latin and Greek to mean “to suffer with.” Compassion means to suffer with another, and it includes a spontaneous  to alleviate that suffering.

## Related pages 
* Charity
* Empathy
* Pity
* Sympathy

## References
Katherine Mansfield

**Katherine Mansfield Beauchamp Murry** (14 October 1888 – 9 January 1923) was a writer. She was born in New Zealand. She moved to the United Kingdom when she was 19. She died when she was 34.

## Early life
Mansfield was born into a middle-class family in Wellington. She was a cousin of Elizabeth von Arnim. She went to Queen's College with her sisters.
Toby Kebbell

**Tobias Alistair P. "Toby" Kebbell** (born 9 July 1982) is an English actor. He is known for his roles in the movies ''Dead Man's Shoes*, *Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time*, *The Sorcerer's Apprentice*, *War Horse*, *Wrath of the Titans* and *Kong: Skull Island*. 

Kebbell won the Best Supporting Actor Award at the British Independent Film Awards for *Control''.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ludwig Von Drake

**Professor Ludwig Von Drake** is a fictional duck. He is one of Walt Disney's cartoon and comic book characters.

## Overview 
Von Drake first appeared in *The Wonderful World of Color* in 1961. Paul Frees was the original voice actor.

The Professor is a scientist, psychologist, and road traveler.  He is from Vienna, Austria.  He enjoys learning.  When asked for help from other characters, he usually has a university degree about the topic.

Paul Frees was the original voice of Ludwig Von Drake. After Frees' death in 1986, Walker Edmiston and Albert Ash took over the role. As of 1988, Corey Burton has voiced the character.

## References
## Other websites
*
George Givot

**George David Givot** (February 18, 1903 – June 7, 1984) was an actor in movies, television and radio. His strength was speaking in several ethnic dialects. One famous role he played was the voice of Tony in *Lady and the Tramp*.

Givot was born in Omaha, Nebraska and died in Palm Springs, California at age 81.

## Other websites
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Junius Matthews

**Junius Conyers Matthews** (June 12, 1890 - January 18, 1978) was an American movie actor.

Matthews voiced the Tin Woodsman in a radio version of *The Wizard of Oz*. He also had many supporting roles in radio programs.  Matthews played the role of Rabbit in the Winnie the Pooh movies produced by the Disney studio from 1966 to 1977. He voiced Archimedes in The Sword in the Stone.

Matthews died from natural causes in 1978 in Los Angeles. 

## Other websites
*
Fish lice

**Fish lice** are the family **Argulidae**, or 'carp lice'. They are a group of parasitic crustaceans in the class Maxillopoda.

Although they are thought to be primitive forms, they have no fossil record. Argulidae is the only family in the order **Arguloida** (occasionally "Arguloidea"), although a second family, Dipteropeltidae, has been proposed.

## References
Prudhoe Bay Oil Field

**Prudhoe Bay Oil Field** is a large oil field on Alaska's North Slope. It is the largest oil field in both the United States and in North America. It coverers  and originally contained about  of oil. It has twice as much recoverable oil as the next largest field in the United States, the East Texas oil field. The field is operated by British Petroleum. Its partners are ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips Alaska.

## Location 
The field is located  north of Fairbanks. It is on the North Slope and lies between the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska to the west and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to the east.

## References
Milton Bradley Company

**Milton Bradley Company** is an American company that makes toys and board games. It was formed by Milton Bradley in 1860 in Springfield, Massachusetts. The Milton Bradley company was taken over by Hasbro in 1984. It is still part of Hasbro today. Milton Bradley has made board games like Battleship, Connect Four, Jenga, and Yahtzee.

## References
Seal of Wisconsin

**The Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin** is the state seal of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. 

## Description
The seal has the words "Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin" at its top. At the bottom, it has a cornucopia alongside bars of lead, above 13 stars, one for each of the original 13 states. Also at the top is *Forward*, the state motto, and a badger. There are a sailor and a miner to represent mining and shipping, which were major industries when Wisconsin was established. On the four corners of the shield are a plough, a pick and shovel, an arm and hammer, and an anchor. In the center of the shield is the United States shield with the motto E Pluribus Unum. 

The state flag features the state seal on a blue background.
Alireza Soleimani

**Alireza Soleimani Karbalaei** (, 2 February 1956 &ndash; 21 May 2014) was an Iranian super heavyweight freestyle wrestler. 

He was the first and the only Iranian, to this day, to win the gold medal in the Superheavy Weight of Freestyle Wrestling. He won the medal at the World Championship 1989.

He was born in Tehran, Iran. Soleimani died from a heart attack, aged 58.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography
Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles

**Sherman Oaks** is an affluent neighborhood in Los Angeles, California. It is sandwiched between the neighborhoods of Encino and Studio City. It has a population of 66,686 people as of 2022. It is in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Map of Los Angeles neighborhoods
Arthur Gelb

**Arthur Gelb** (February 3, 1924 – May 20, 2014) was an American editor, author and executive. He was the managing editor of *The New York Times* from 1986 to 1989. Gelb wrote articles about playwright Eugene O'Neill. His career began in 1944. He was born in New York City.

Gelb died on May 20, 2014 at his home in Manhattan, New York of complications of a stroke. He was 90.

## References
ECW Hardcore Revolution

***ECW Hardcore Revolution*** is a professional wrestling video game published and released by Acclaim Entertainment . The game is based on Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). It was the first video game based on their promotion.

It was released for the Nintendo 64 on January 31, 2000 in North America and March 3, 2000 in Europe, GameSpot gave the game a 4.2 out of 10 and stated "ECW and its fans deserve better than this" Digital Press rated the game 2.5 out of 10 saying "No matter how much you enjoy ECW, pro wrestling, or video games, this game sucks." 	

## References
Douglas Kent Hall

**Douglas Kent Hall** (December 12, 1938 – March 30, 2008) was an American writer and photographer. He was known for taking pictures during the Vietnam War-era and at Woodstock. Hall took famous pictured of Jimi Hendrix and Jim Morrison. Hall was born in Vernal, Utah. 

Hall died suddenly of cardiac arrest in his Albuquerque, New Mexico home, aged 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Vernal, Utah

**Vernal** is the county seat and largest city in Uintah County. It is in northeastern Utah about  east of Salt Lake City and  west of the Colorado border.  As of the 2020 census the population of Vernal was 10,079.

## References
Jack Valenti

**Jack Joseph Valenti** (September 5, 1921 – April 26, 2007) was an American business person. He was president of the Motion Picture Association of America from 1966 to 2004. During that time, he created the MPAA movie rating system.

Valenti died in Beverly Hills, California from a stroke, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Milton Bradley (disambiguation)

**Milton Bradley** may refer to:

* Milton Bradley, game pioneer
* Milton Bradley (baseball), professional baseball player who is currently a free agent
* Milton Bradley Company, company founded by the game pioneer
* Milton-Bradley Company (building), a building in Springfield, Massachusetts
ECW Anarchy Rulz (video game)

***ECW Anarchy Rulz*** is a professional wrestling video game developed by Acclaim Studios Salt Lake City and published by Acclaim Entertainment . The game is based on Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). It was the second and final video game based on their promotion before its bankruptcy.

It was released for the PlayStation on August 18, 2000 in North America and in 2000 in Europe, GameSpot gave the game a 5.5 out of 10 and stated "Things just don't feel quite right, and, even if you like the controls, the AI still cheats too much, the same boring combinations still lead to wins, and crowd involvement still takes precedence over inherent skill,"  	

## References
Ghoti

**Ghoti** is an artificial word used to illustrate irregularities in English spelling. It is a respelling of the word *fish*: i.e., it is supposed to be pronounced /ˈfɪʃ/. It is made of these phonemes:
* **gh**, pronounced /f/ as in tough /tʌf/;
* **o**, pronounced /ɪ/ as in women /ˈwɪmɪn/;
* **ti**, pronounced /ʃ/ as in nation /ˈneɪʃən/

Using the same method, *ghoti* can be a silent word, where:
* **gh** as in thou***gh***; the bold letters are not pronounced here and in the next examples.
* **o** as in pe***o***ple;
* **t** as in balle***t*** or mor***t***gage;
* **I** as in bus***i***ness or pla***i***d

Ghoti is likely to be spontaneously pronounced [goʊtaɪ] or [gəʊtaɪ] (like "go" + "tie"), or [goʊti] ("go" + "tea"), but certainly not like "fish" since *gh* is never pronounced [f] (cf. "ghost") at the beginning of a word neither *ti* is pronounced [ʃ] at the end of a word.

Spelling in English is discussed in orthography.
Federico Santa María Technical University

The **Federico Santa María Technical University** () (**UTFSM** or also **Santa Maria University**) is a Chilean university founded on 1926 with a central campus located in Valparaíso. The rest of campuses are located in Viña del Mar, Santiago, Talcahuano and Rancagua, and a international campus in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The institution is the alma mater of some notable Chilean businessmens, engineers and scientists. Actually, campuses are focused on undergraduate, graduate and university academical activities and *sedes* are mainly dedicated to technical degrees.

## Campus
*Casa Central, main campus. Inaugurated in 1931 in Valparaíso
*Campus Santiago Vitacura and Campus Santiago San Joaquín,http://www.santiago.usm.cl  in the capital, Santiago, Chile.
*Campus Guayaquil,http://www.usm.edu.ec  located in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
*Sede José Miguel Carrera,http://www.jmc.utfsm.cl  located in Viña del Mar.
*Sede Rey Balduino de Bélgica,http://www.rbb.utfsm.cl  in the seaport city of Talcahuano.

## Notes and References 
## Other websites 
*  Official site of UTFSM 
*  UTFSM Alumni Association
Gideon Mantell

**Gideon Algernon Mantell** MRCS FRS (Lewes, 3 February 1790 &ndash; London, 10 November 1852) was an English obstetrician, geologist and palaeontologist.

Mantell's work on the structure and life of *Iguanodon* began the scientific study of dinosaurs. In 1822 he was responsible for the discovery (and the eventual identification) of the first fossil teeth, and later much of the skeleton, of *Iguanodon*.

Mantell's work on the Cretaceous of southern England was also important. His phrase the "Age of Reptiles" was significant. He recognised that reptiles were the dominant life-form in what we now call the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

Mantell did two things which were most important. He showed that the teeth of *Iguanodon* meant it must be a herbivore, and its shorter front legs meant it could be bipedal (walk on two legs). This was denied by Richard Owen, who did a good deal to hide Mantell's achievements. The discovery of this fossil is known to be the first evidence of a prehistoric reptilian dinosaur, dating back roughly 130 million years ago.

At the end of Mantell's life he suffered terribly from damage to his spine caused by an accident. He took an overdose of opium, which caused his death. It is not known whether he did this deliberately; he took opium to dull the pain.

## Works by Mantell 
Sixty-seven books and memoirs appear in Agassiz and Strickland's *Bibliographia Zoologiæ*, and forty-eight scientific papers in the Royal Society's Catalogue.
**The Fossils of the South Downs*. Royal 4to, 42 plates. London 1822. This was his first book, the plates of which were drawn by his wife. Very expensive, at £3. 3/- (three guineas). At double the price, plates were hand-coloured.
**Outlines of the natural history of the environs of Lewes*. 4to, 24pp, 3pl. Lewes, 1824.
**Illustrations of the Geology of Sussex*, containing figures and descriptions of the fossils of Tilgate Forest. Royal 4to, 20 plates, £2. 15s. 6d. 1827.
**The Geological Age of Reptiles*. In Jameson's Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, 1831.
**The Geology of the South-East of England*. 8vo, with coloured maps, sections, and numerous plates, £1. 1/-. 1833.
**Thoughts on a Pebble*. 1836.
**The Wonders of Geology* or, a familiar exposition of geological phenomena: being the substance of a course of lectures delivered at Brighton. 2 vols, London, 1838. Lithographic plates drawn by his wife. Data from 4th ed of 1840: vol 1: 428p, frontis & 4 plates; vol 2: pages 429795 plus appendix, glossary and other material, coloured frontis & 10 coloured pates, most drawn by his wife. Mantell's most extensive work.
**The Medals of Creation*. 2 vols, 1844.
**Thoughts on Animalcules*. small 4to, 144p, 12 coloured plates. London: Murray, 1846. 1850 title: *The invisible world revealed by the microscope or, thoughts on animalcules*.
**Geological Excursions round the Isle of Wight and along the adjacent Coast of Dorsetshire*. 1847.
*''Pictorial Atlas of Fossil Remains consisting of coloured Illustration selected from Parkinson's "Organic Remains of Former World" and Arti's "Antediluvian Phytology".* London: Bohn. 1850.
**Petrifactions and their teachings''. 1851.

## References
Harry Gordon Selfridge

**Harry Gordon Selfridge, Sr.** (11 January 1858 – 8 May 1947) was an American-British business owner. He founded the London-based department store Selfridges. He was one of the most respected and wealthy retail businessmen in the United Kingdom.

## Early life 
Selfridge was born in Ripon, Wisconsin. Selfridge was raised in Jackson, Michigan. Selfridge's parents were Robert Oliver Selfridge and his wife Lois. They had three sons. His father fought in the American Civil War. He was a major in the Union Army. Selfridge started the idea of a bargain basement in a department store. Selfridge's ideas added to the success of Marshall Field & Company. When he asked Marshall Field to let him become a partner, Field was surprised, but he agreed. Field even lent him the money needed to become a partner.

After visiting England, Selfridge decided to open his own department store in London. In 1909, his store opened on Oxford Street. It brought about many changes in shopping. It is still a big store today.  Selfridges & Co. was named the Best Department Store in the World in 2010 and 2012. and 2014.

## Personal life 
In 1890, Selfridge married Rose Buckingham. Her family was wealthy and influential. Rose was a property developer when she married. She died of the Spanish flu in 1918. Harry never married again, even though he had several girlfriends.

## Death 
Selfridge died of pneumonia in Putney, London, aged 89.

## Writings 
Selfridge wrote the book *The Romance of Commerce.* He used a ghostwriter to help him write it. The book was published in 1918.

## References 
## Other websites
*Selfridges
*Gordon Selfridge: The Gambler 
*Biography from the DNB
Oxygen saturation

**Oxygen  saturation** or **dissolved oxygen** (DO) is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen (as O2) which is dissolved in a given medium.

It can be measured with an oxygen sensor. The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%).

Fish, invertebrates, plants, and aerobic bacteria all need oxygen (dissolved in water) for respiration.  In medicine, oxygen saturation refers to *oxygenation*. This means when oxygen molecules () enter the tissues of the body. Normal arterial blood oxygen saturation levels in humans are 95–100 percent. If the level is below 90 percent, it is considered low and called *hypoxemia*.

## References
Kidz Bop

**Kidz Bop** is a brand of compilation albums, there is children performing popular pop songs. It began in 2001. The albums have "child-friendly" versions of songs on Top 40 radio. The songs are performed by children and teenagers. The latest album, Kidz Bop 34, was released on January 20, 2017. Since starting, Kidz Bop has sold over 21 million albums and their songs have been played over 4.5 billion streams. Kidz Bop 41 was released on June 29th and still makes songs today! The members are August Hammer, Emma Luckystone, Aiden Plaston and Vanessa Janet.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Kidz Bop at YouTube
Edmund Cartwright

**Edmund Cartwright** (24 April 1743 &ndash; 30 October 1823) was an English inventor. He graduated from Oxford University. He was an Anglican clergyman and in 1785 he invented the power loom.

## References
Prayut Chan-o-cha

**Prayut Chan-o-cha** (; born 21 March 1954) used to be a Thai army officer and was the Prime Minister of Thailand from 2014 to 2023. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army.

On 24 August 2022, the Constitutional Court of Thailand suspended Prayut as prime minister, however Prayut still claims to be prime minister. As the most senior deputy prime minister, Prawit Wongsuwan was made acting prime minister. He became prime minister again from September 2022 to August 2023.

## Notes
## References
Cinnamon Girl

**"Cinnamon Girl"** is a song first performed by Neil Young in 1969. It first appeared on the album *Everybody Knows This is Nowhere*. The song was released in 1970. It reached #55 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

The lyrics are about Young daydreaming for a girl to love, singing he waits "between shows" for her.

The song was also performed by Hole in 1991.

The Smashing Pumpkins recorded it in 2012.
Lew Wasserman

**Lewis Robert "Lew" Wasserman** (March 22, 1913 &ndash; June 3, 2002) was an American talent agent and executive. He was manager of MCA, Inc.. He was a mentor to Ronald Reagan and worked closely with Jack Valenti.

Wasserman died in Beverly Hills, California from a stroke, aged 89.

## Other websites
*
Thorbjörn Fälldin

**Nils Olof Thorbjörn Fälldin** (24 April 1926 &ndash; 23 July 2016) was a Swedish politician.  

He was the Prime Minister of Sweden in three times, but in different terms. First was from 1976 to 1982, and leader of the Swedish Centre Party from 1971 to 1985.

## References
Imre Gedővári

**Imre Gedővári** (1 July 1951 – 22 May 2014) was a Hungarian fencer. He won three Olympic medals in the sabre competitions.

Gedővári died on 22 May 2014, following a long illness. He was 62.

## References
## Other websites
*Imre Gedővári at the website of Hungarian Olympic Committee
R. L. Stine

**Robert Lawrence Stine** (born October 8, 1943), known as **R. L. Stine**, is an American horror fiction author. He is also a television producer. He is known for creating the *Goosebumps* and Fear Street book series. 

Stine was born to a Jewish family in Columbus, Ohio. R.L. Stine was the son of Lewis Stine, a shipping clerk, and Anne Feinstein. Stine grew up in Bexley, Ohio. Stine began writing at the age of nine, when he found a typewriter in his attic, subsequently beginning to type stories and joke books.

## References
## Other websites
* Official site
* 
*R. L. Stine Quotes
Montfort Academy

The **Montfort Academy** was founded in 1998 by Richard Greco Jr. It is a Catholic high school in Mount Vernon, New York.

For the years 2005-2009, and 2012-2013, The Montfort Academy was named one of the best 50 Catholic high schools in America by the Cardinal Newman Society.

## References
Albert Heijn

**Albert Heijn** (AH) is the biggest supermarket business in the Netherlands. It has stores in many other countries. It was founded by Albert Heijn. It is now owned and run by Ahold.

## History
The supermarket chain started in Oostzaan. Eight years later, Heijn opened new stores in Purmerend and Zaandam. He continued to increase the range of goods, and to increase the number of shops. By 1910, he was operating ten shops. He later started selling goods branded with his name.  

## References
Cuba, New York

**Cuba** is a town in Allegany County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the total population was 3,126.

## References
Gilgit-Baltistan United Movement

The **Gilgit–Baltistan United Movement** (GBUM) is a political movement of Gilgit Baltistan based in Skardu. It demands a fully autonomous state consisting of Gilgit Agency and Baltistan. The GBUM states that it should be given the status of an "Independent Constitutional  Assembly" and given similar rights granted to the existing Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly.

## References
Kashmiri language

**Kashmiri** (کٲشُر) is a language from the Dardic subgroup of the Indo-Aryan languages. It is spoken primarily in the Kashmir Valley, in Indian-administered Kashmir, and also spoken in Neelam and Leepa valleys in Azad Kashmir, in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.

Kashmiri is one of 22 languages with official status in India. In 2011, more than 6 million people knew it as their first language.

## Related pages
*Languages of India
*Dogri language

## References 
## Other websites
*The word Koshur written on manuscript 

{{Languages of Pakistan]]
Kashmir Valley

The **Kashmir Valley** is a valley between the Karakoram and the Pir Panjal Range in India. It was formed by the draining of the huge Karena lake during a period of tectonic uplift. Xuanzang, the Chinese monk who visited Kashmir in 631 AD called it *Kia-shi-mi-lo*.  Tibetans called it Khachal, meaning "snowy mountain". So they constructed large wooden houseboats to spend the summers in. This, in turn, has led to houseboat hotels. Many are decorated with wood carvings and Victorian era furniture. Under the supervision of the United Nations the two agreed on a ceasefire along a line which left the Kashmir Valley under the administration of India. In 1972, India and Pakistan sign a peace treaty called the Simla Agreement. It said that in the future both would settle their differences peacefully. It also renamed the ceasefire line the Line of Control. Kashmir has remained one of the world's most militarized areas. The economy is mainly farming but in recent years tourism has become an important industry.
* Jammu and Kashmir People’s Democratic Party (PDP). Founded in 1999 and support the re-establishment of Article 370,
* All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC). Founded in 1993, they are an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organisations in Kashmir who want to be ruled by Pakistan.
* Indian National Congress (INC). They are one of India's two major political parties. In the 2009 general election it formed a coalition majority to run the government.
* Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). They are the largest party in India and are the Hindu-National party. They were in power from 1998 to 2004. 
* Jammu and Kashmir National Conference Party (NCP). Founded in 1939 they were the leading party for several decades in Kashmir. They support the re-establishment of Article 370.
 

### Militant groups 
* Jaish-e-Mohammed. They operate in Kashmir but are based in Pakistan. They want rule by Pakistan. The group has been banned in Pakistan since 2002 but still operate. 
* Hizb-ul-Mujahideen. They are a militant group operating in Kashmir since 1989.
* Lashkar-e-Taiba. They have been responsible for a number of violent attacks including the Red Fort attacks in Delhi in 2000.  India believes they are responsible for the 2009 Mumbai attacks. They are largely non-Kashmiri. They operate in Kashmir but are based in Pakistan. 

## References
Mary Kay Place

**Mary Kay Place** (born September 23, 1947) is an American actress, director, and screenwriter. She acted in the sitcom ''Grey's Anatomy*. She also acted in *The West Wing''.

Place was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

## References
## Other websites
*
Elizabeth Reaser

**Elizabeth Ann Reaser** (born 15 June 1975) is an American actress. She played Esme Cullen in the *Twilight* movies. She also played Rebecca Pope/Ava in ''Grey's Anatomy'' in the 2007–2008 season.

Reaser was born in Bloomfield, Michigan.

## References
Courtney Stodden

**Courtney Alexis Stodden** (born August 29, 1994) is an American television personality. In August 2013, she became a housemate after she was on the British version of *Celebrity Big Brother*. She was kicked out on Day 21 of that series.

She was born in Tacoma, Washington. At age 16 she married an actor named Doug Hutchison. They divorced. At age 19 they remarried. They later divorced again and she denounced her marriage to him. 

## References
Pat Carroll

**Patricia Ann "Pat" Carroll** (May 5, 1927 – July 30, 2022) was an American actress. She voiced the character of Ursula in *The Little Mermaid*. In *Laverne & Shirley*, she played Mrs. Feeney. She played Miriam Stein in *Police Woman*. Carroll was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. She won an Emmy Award in 1956 and a Grammy Award in 1981.

Carroll died on July 30, 2022 in Cape Cod, Massachusetts from problems caused by pneumonia, aged 95.
## Filmografie 
### Rolprente 
* 1948: *Hometown Girl*
* 1968: *With Six You Get Eggroll*
* 1973: ''The Brothers O'Toole*
* 1979: *Butterflies in Heat*
* 1989: *The Little Mermaid*
* 2000: *Songcatcher*
* 2007: *Freedom Writers*
* 2010: *A Turtle's Tale: Sammy's Adventures*
* 2011: *Troupers*

### Televisiereekse 
* 1952: *The Red Buttons Show*
* 1953: *Make Room for Daddy*
* 1953: *The Saturday Night Revue*
* 1954: *Caesar's Hour*
* 1958: *Keep Talking*
* 1959: *The Revlon Revue*
* 1959: *The Charlie Weaver Show*
* 1961: *The Investigators*
* 1961: *The Jackie Gleason Show*
* 1962: *Your First Impression*
* 1963: *You Don't Say*
* 1964: *What's This Song?*
* 1965: *I'll Bet*
* 1966: *The Super 6*
* 1966: *Chain Letter*
* 1971: *Getting Together*
* 1972: *I've Got a Secret*
* 1973: *Calucci's Department/Match Game*
* 1977: *Hollywood Connection*
* 1985: *Yogi's Treasure Hunt*
* 1986: *Pound Puppies*
* 1986: *Galaxy High School*
* 1986: *Foofur*
* 1987: *She's the Sheriff*

### Televisierolprente 
* 1955: *Max Liebman Presents: Variety*
* 1965: *Cinderella*
* 1971: *After the Honeymoon*
* 1972: *Second Chance*
* 1977: *The Smart Alecks*
* 1992: *Just My Imagination*
* 1996: *The Royale*
* 2013: *Retire From Show Biz? No Thanks!''

### Video's 
* 1998: ''Under the Sea: The Making of Disney's Masterpiece 'The Little Mermaid'*
* 2000: *The Little Mermaid 2: Return to the Sea*
* 2003: *Bobby Darin: The Darin Invasion*
* 2006: *Treasures Untold: The Making of Disney's 'The Little Mermaid'*
* 2010: *My Neighbor Totoro: Behind the Microphone*
* 2010: *My Neighbor Totoro: Creating 'My Neighbor Totoro'*
* 2010: *My Neighbor Totoro: Creating the Characters of 'My Neighbor Totoro'*
* 2010: *My Neighbor Totoro: The Producer's Perspective: Creating Ghibli*
* 2010: *My Neighbor Totoro: The Totoro Experience''

## References
Tarawa

**Tarawa** is an atoll in the Republic of Kiribati. It is in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It is made up of North Tarawa and South Tarawa. North Tarawa has a lot in common with islands in the Gilberts group. South Tarawa is the capital of Kiribati. It has over 50,000 people living in it. That is half of the country's total population.

## References
Gilbert Islands

The **Gilbert Islands** (; in the past **Kingsmill** or '''King's-Mill Islands''') are a group of sixteen islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is the main group of islands in Kiribati.

They were named after British Captain Thomas Gilbert. He sailed there in 1788.

## References
David Koresh

**David Koresh** (born Vernon Wayne Howell; August 17, 1959 – April 19, 1993) was the American leader of the Branch Davidians religious sect.

Koresh was responsible for the 51-day Waco siege.

## Early life 
Koresh was born on August 17, 1959 in Houston, Texas to a 15-year-old single mother, Bonnie Sue Clark. He joined the Branch Davidians in 1982.

## Related pages 
* Cult
* Cult suicide
* Waco siege
* Branch Dividians

## References
Randy Jackson (disambiguation)

**Randy Jackson** (born 1956) is an American musician, record producer and judge on *American Idol*.

**Randy Jackson** may also refer to:

*Randy Jackson (singer) (born 1961), member of The Jacksons and brother of Michael Jackson
*Randy Jackson (Zebra), guitarist and lead singer of the rock band Zebra
*Randy Jackson (baseball) (born 1926), American baseball player of the 1950s
*Randy Jackson (offensive lineman) (born 1944), American football player of the 1960s and 1970s
*Randy Jackson (running back) (1948–2010), former NFL football player
Marion Lorne

**Marion Lorne MacDougall** (also **Marion Lorne**; August 12, 1883 – May 9, 1968) was an American television, stage and movie actress. She worked in theater in New York City and London, England. She made her first movie in 1951. She had had many small roles in movies or television during her career. She played Aunt Clara in *Bewitched* on television. 

Lorne was born in West Pittston, Pennsylvania. She died of a heart attack in New York City.

## Other websites 
*
Arrondissements of the Lot department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Lot department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Lot department are:

## History
Since its creation, the Lot department has had few changes:
* 1790 : creation of the Lot department with six districts: Cahors, Martel, Gourdon, Figeac, Montauban, Lauzerte; the capital was Cahors
* 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Cahors, Figeac, Gourdon, Montauban
* 1926 : the arrondissement of Montauban was transferred to the new department of Tarn-et-Garonne

## References
William Buckland

**William Buckland** DD FRS (12 March 1784 – 14 August 1856) was an English theologian who became Dean of Westminster. He was also a geologist and palaeontologist.

Buckland wrote the first full account of a fossil dinosaur, which he named *Megalosaurus*. He proved that Kirkdale Cave in Yorkshire had been a prehistoric hyena den, for which he was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society. He was praised as an example of how scientific analysis could reconstruct events from the distant past. He was a pioneer in the use of fossilized faeces (he coined the term coprolites) to reconstruct ancient ecosystems.

In 1818, Buckland was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He became Reader in Geology at Oxford University in 1819. His work *Reliquiæ Diluvianæ* was published in 1823 and became a best seller.

However, over the next decade Buckland changed his mind. In his famous Bridgewater Treatise, *Geology and mineralogy considered with reference to natural theology*, he said that the biblical account of Noah's flood could not be confirmed using geological evidence. What had been taken as evidence of the 'Universal Deluge' two decades before was, he thought, evidence of a major glaciation.

Not only was Buckland's home filled with specimens – animal as well as mineral, live as well as dead – but he claimed to have eaten much of the animal kingdom, a practice known as zoöphagy. In 1848 a piece of Louis XIV's mummified heart, taken from his tomb, was kept in a silver locket by the Archbishop of York. It was shown to Buckland, who ate it!

## References
Emetophobia

**Emetophobia** is the fear of vomiting or seeing vomiting in public. The phobia is also related to fears of nausea.

The problem is often triggered by upsetting or embarrassing incidents in teenage years (12-19).

## References
Right Round

**"Right Round"** is a single by the rapper Flo Rida. On January 27, 2009, the song was released onto radio off his second studio album, *R.O.O.T.S.*. The song has guest vocals by singer Kesha. The songs heavily samples the 1984 song "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" by Dead or Alive.

The song got negative reviews, but was very successful.
Brittany Curran

**Brittany Curran** (born June 2, 1990) is an American actress. She played a "Six Chick" in *13 Going on 30*. She also played Lucy Tranelli in *Men of a Certain Age*.

She was born in Weymouth, Massachusetts.

## References
13 Going on 30

***13 Going on 30*** (also known as ***Suddenly 30***) is a 2004 American romantic comedy fantasy movie. The movie is about Jenna, an unpopular girl, celebrating turning 13 in May 1987. She wakes up in 2004 and is suddenly 30 years old. Jennifer Garner plays Jenna at 30, and Christa B. Allen plays her at 13. Kathy Baker plays Beverly. 

The movie was released on April 23, 2004 in the United States. The movie is 97 minutes long. It is rated PG-13. 

The reviews were very positive. It made a lot of money.
Royal Thai Army

The **Royal Thai Army** ( is the army of Thailand. It is responsible for protecting Thailand's sovereignty (protecting the country). It is the oldest and largest branch of the Royal Thai Armed Forces. The army was formed in 1874. This was just before the Bowring Treaty was signed with Britain. The treaty opened up Thailand for international trade.

## References
Tenrec

The **tenrec** is a mammal of the family **Tenrecidae**, found on Madagascar and in parts of the African mainland.

Tenrecs are varied. As a result of convergent evolution, they look like hedgehogs, shrews, opossums, mice and even otters. They occupy aquatic, arboreal, terrestrial and underground habitats. Some of these species can be found in the Madagascar's dry deciduous forests.

Although they may resemble shrews, hedgehogs, or otters, they are not closely related to any of these groups. Their closest relatives are other African, insectivorous mammals such as golden moles and elephant shrews. The common ancestry of these animals, together with aardvarks, hyraxes, elephants, and sea cows in the group Afrotheria, was not recognized until the late 1990s. Work on the diversity of afrotherian mammals has provided more support for their common ancestry.

Unusual among placental mammals, the anus and urogenital tracts of tenrecs share a common opening, or cloaca, a feature more commonly seen in birds, reptiles, and amphibians. They have low body temperatures, sufficiently so that they do not require a scrotum to cool their sperm as most other mammals do.

## References
Fareed Zakaria

**Fareed Rafiq Zakaria** (/fəˈriːd zəˈkɑriə/; born 20 January 1964) is an Indian-American journalist. Zakaria was born in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, to Rafiq Zakaria and Fatima Zakaria. Zakaria earned his Bachelor of Arts from Yale University. Zakaria has been nominated five times for the National Magazine Award. He lives in New York City. Sheik Abdul Rahman

Zakaria is best known for hosting the TV show *Fareed Zakaria GPS* on CNN. The show mostly is about International Politics. Zakaria has written five books about foreign policy, and has written for Time magazine, Newsweek, and the New York Times. Though a native of India, he is a naturalized US citizen. Zakaria was raised in a Muslim family but is not religious. On his political views, Zakaria calls himself a centrist.
Knocked Out

"**Knocked Out**" is the debut single by American singer and dancer Paula Abdul. It released on May 4, 1988. It was the first song from her debut album, *Forever Your Girl* (1988). It was written by Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, Antonio "L.A." Reid and Daryl Simmons and produced by Babyface and L.A. Reid.

## Personnel
* Paula Abdul: lead and background vocals
* Babyface: songwriter, producer, arranger, keyboards, background vocals
* L.A. Reid: songwriter, producer, arranger, LM-1 programming, percussion programming
* Daryl Simmons: songwriter, arranger, background vocals
* Kayo: Memory Moog bass
* Pebbles, Yvette Marine: background vocals

## Charts
## References
Golden mole

**Golden moles** are small, insectivorous burrowing mammals native to southern Africa. They form the family **Chrysochloridae**. They are taxonomically distinct from the true moles. They look alike because of convergent evolution.

The golden moles bear a remarkable resemblance to the marsupial moles of Australia. They live almost exclusively underground, beneath grassland, forest, swamps, deserts, or mountainous terrain. Like several other burrowing mammals with similar habits, they have short legs with powerful digging claws, very dense fur that repels dirt and moisture, and tough skin, particularly on the head. Their eyes do not work, and covered with skin and fur. The ears are just tiny openings and, like the marsupial moles, they have an enlarged leather-like pad to protect their nostrils. Their main sense is that of touch, and they are particularly sensitive to vibrations that may indicate approaching danger.

## References
Jamie Chung

**Jamie Chung** (born April 10, 1983) is an American actress and television personality. She first became famous during 2004 when she was on *Real World* on MTV. She played Claire in the movie *Sorority Row*. She plays Pam in the 2015 movie *A Year and Change*.

Chung was born in San Francisco, California.

## References
## Other websites
*
Stephanie Gatschet

**Stephanie Gatschet** (born March 16, 1983) is an American actress. She played Tammy Winslow on *Guiding Light*. She also played Madison North on *All My Children*.

Gatscher was born in Philadelphia.

## Other websites 
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Diora Baird

**Diora Baird** (born April 6, 1983) is an American actress and former model. She played Vivian in *Wedding Crashers*. She also played Tiffany in the movie *Fifty Pills* (2006).

Baird was born in Miami, Florida.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Megan Boone

**Megan Boone** (born April 29, 1983) is an American actress. She played the FBI agent Elizabeth Keen in the NBC series *The Blacklist*. She played Claire in *Step Up Revolution*.

Boone was born in Petrosky, Michigan. She was raised in Florida.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Battle of Bunker Hill

, 1897; it was published in Scribner's Magazine in February,1898]]
The **Battle of Bunker Hill** was a battle in the American War of Independence. It took place on June 17, 1775, mostly on and around Breed's Hill, during the Siege of Boston, early in the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after the nearby Bunker Hill. Bunker Hill was the original objective of both the Patriot and British troops. Sometimes, the battle is called the "Battle of Breed's Hill."

On June 13, 1775, the Americans learned that the British generals were planning to send troops out from the city to occupy the unoccupied hills around the city. In response, 1,200 colonial troops under the command of William Prescott stealthily occupied Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill, constructed an earthen redoubt on Breed's Hill, and built lightly-fortified lines across most of the Charlestown Peninsula.

When the British were alerted to the presence of the new position the next day, they mounted an attack against them. After two assaults on the colonial lines were repulsed with significant British casualties, the British finally captured the positions on the third assault after the defenders in the redoubt had run out of ammunition. The colonial forces retreated to Cambridge over Bunker Hill and suffered their most significant losses on Bunker Hill.

Even though the British forces won the battle, they lost many soldiers: over 800 Redcoats (British soldiers) were wounded, and 226 were killed, including many officers. For that reason, the battle is seen as an example of a Pyrrhic victory: the immediate gain (the capture of Bunker Hill) was small and did not change the state of the siege very much, but the cost was high. Nearly a third of the deployed forces were wounded or killed.

Meanwhile, the Patriot forces retreated and regrouped in good order because they had suffered fewer casualties. Furthermore, the battle showed that relatively-inexperienced colonial forces could stand up to regular army troops in a pitched battle.

## References
Jennifer Ellison

**Jennifer Lesley Ellison** (born 30 May 1983) is an English actress, model, television personality, dancer and singer. Ellison was born in Liverpool. She played Emily Shadwick in the television soap opera *Brookside*. In *The Phantom of the Opera* movie adaptation, she played Meg Giry.

She was a contestant in the 2012 series of *Dancing on Ice*.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Brooke White

**Brooke White** (born June 2, 1983) is an American indie pop singer and songwriter. She was the fifth place finalist on the 7th season of *American Idol*. Her first album, *Songs from the Attic*, was released in 2005. Her first post-idol record, *High Hopes & Heartbreak*, was released in 2009.

White was born in Phoenix, Arizona. She was raised in Mesa, Arizona.

## Other websites 
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## References
Back in Black

**Back in Black** is a 1980 album by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It was the first album made without former band member Bon Scott. Back in Black was intended as a tribute to his death. One song from the album, "You shook me all night long", ranked number thirty-four on the Billboard charts. This was the first time a heavy metal song appeared in the Top 40. Even today, record producers rank 'Back in Black' as the standard for how a hard rock song should sound. 

## Track listing 
# "Hells Bells" 5:10
# "Shoot to Thrill" 5:17
# "What Do You Do for Money Honey" 3:33
# "Given the Dog a Bone" 3:30
# "Let Me Put My Love into You" 4:16
# "Back in Black" 4:15
# "You Shook Me All Night Long" 3:30
# "Have a Drink on Me" 3:57
# "Shake a Leg" 4:06
# "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution" 4:15
## References
Dolores del Río

**Dolores del Río** (August 3, 1904 – April 11, 1983, birth name **María de los Dolores Asúnsolo y López Negrete**) was a Mexican movie actress. She was a Hollywood movie star in the 1920s and 1930s. She was important to the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema during the 1940s and 1950s.

In the 1928 movie *Ramona*, Del Río played the title character. She also played the title character in *Evangeline* (1929). She played Madame du Barry in the motion picture of that name.

Del Río was born in Durango, Mexico. She died in Newport Beach, California at 77 of liver disease.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Lynn Fontanne

**Lillie Louise Fontanne** (also **Lynn Fontanne**; 6 December 1887 – 30 July 1983) was a British born and American based actress and major stage star. She and her husband Alfred Lunt won many Tony and Emmy Awards in the 1960s and 1970s.

Fontanne played an actress in the 1924 movie *The Guardsman*. She played Nina Leeds in the play *Strange Interlude* in 1928.

Fontanne was born in London, England, UK. She died from pneumonia at 95 in Wisconsin.

## Other websites 
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Joan Hackett

**Joan Ann Hackett** (March 1, 1934 – October 8, 1983) was an American television, stage and movie actress. She played Dottie in the movie *The Group* (1966) with Candice Bergen. She played Joan Miller in the television series *The Defenders* (1961-65)

Hackett was born in New York City. She died from ovarian cancer in Los Angeles.

## Other websites 
*
Beatrice Lillie

**Beatrice Gladys "Bea" Lillie** (May 29, 1894 – January 20, 1989) was an actress and comedic performer. She played Mrs. Meers in *Thoroughly Modern Millie*. Prior to that, she also played Maria in *On Approval* (1944).

Lillie was born in Toronto, Ontario. She died from Alzheimer's disease in Oxfordshire, England.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Judy Collins

**Judith Marjorie "Judy" Collins** (born 1 May 1939) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genres include rock and roll, pop and folk. Her well known singles include "Send In the Clowns", "Amazing Grace" and "Both Sides, Now".

Collins was born in Seattle, Washington.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Albert Viaplana

**Albert Viaplana** (c. 1933 &ndash; 16 May 2014) was a Spanish architect and author. He is known for creating the Center of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona (CCCB), the Plaza de Sants and dock Xoan XXIII Avenue of Santiago de Compostela. He won many awards during his career. His career has spanned for nearly 50 years.

Viaplana died in Barcelona, Spain, aged 81.

## References
Antanas Šurna

**Antanas Šurna** (27 March 1939 &ndash; 19 May 2014) was a Lithuanian stage and movie actor. He has appeared in over 100 movies and 50 plays. He is thought to be one of the most successful actors in Lithuania.

## References
John Vasconcellos

**John B. Vasconcellos Jr.** (May 11, 1932 - May 24, 2014) was an American politician and psychologist. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He represented Silicon Valley as a member of the California State Assembly for 30 years and a California State Senator for 8 years. 

Vasconcellos died in San Jose, California from multiple organ failure, aged 82.

## References
Jacqueline Logan

**Jacqueline Logan** (November 30, 1902 – April 4, 1983) was an American silent movie star. Logan played Glad in *The Dawn of a Tomorrow* in 1924. She played The Duchess in *The River Woman* in 1928.

Logan was born in Corsicana, Texas. She died in Melbourne, Florida at age 81.

## Other websites 
*
*
Frances Gifford

**Mary Frances Gifford** (December 7, 1920 – January 22, 1994) was an American actress who played the lead character in 1930s and 1940s movies. Some of her movies were *Stage Door* and *The Remarkable Andrew*.

Gifford was born in Long Beach, California. The actress died of emphysema in Pasadena, California at 73.

## Other websites 
*