open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Order of the Polar Star

The **Royal Order of the Polar Star** (Swedish: *Kungliga Nordstjärneorden*), sometimes translated as the **Royal Order of the North Star**, is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Seraphim.

## References
Order of the Sword

The **Royal Order of the Sword** (officially: *Royal Order of the Sword*; Swedish: *Kungliga Svärdsorden*) is a Swedish order of chivalry and military decoration. It was created by King Frederick I of Sweden on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Polar Star.

## References
Cine34

**Cine34** is an Italian television channel, owned by Mediaset and directed by Marco Costa. It is available on digital terrestrial, and satellite television via the Sky Italia and Tivùsat platforms. 

## History
On January 15, 2020, Cine34 began to be broadcast on Tivùsat on channel 34, and on Sky Italia on channel 327.
On January 18, it was allocated to channel 34 on free television, while Mediaset Extra, which occupied this position, was allocated to the channel 55.

Broadcasts officially began on January 20, 2020 with a long series of Federico Fellini films, in honor of the centenary of his birth.

The channel gives space to the exhibition of cult movies such as ''Love Birds - Una strana voglia d'amare*, and films that have been absent from television for several decades, such as the western *Bandidos* and the thriller *Interrabang''.

## References
Helmut Duckadam

**Helmut Robert Duckadam** (1 April 1959 – 2 December 2024) was a Romanian footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He made two appearances for the Romania national football team in 1982.

Duckadam died on 2 December 2024 in Bucharest, Romania at the age of 65.

## References
Lucjan Brychczy

**Lucjan Antoni Brychczy** (13 June 1934 – 2 December 2024), nicknamed **Kici**, was a Polish footballer and manager. Brychczy was born in Nowy Bytom, Poland. His career began in the 1940s and he retired from playing in 1972.

Brychczy was known for playing with Legia Warsaw from 1954 to 1972, making nearly 370 appearances with them. He also managed Legia Warsaw during different periods between 1972 and 1990. Brychczy also played for the Poland national football team from 1954 to 1969, making fifty-eight appearances. Brychczy was born in Nowy Bytom, Poland.

Brychczy died on 2 December 2024 in Warsaw, Poland at the age of 90.

## References
Romani society and culture

The Romani people are a distinct ethnic and cultural group of peoples living all across the globe, who share a family of languages and sometimes a traditional nomadic mode of life. Though their exact origins were unclear, recent studies show Kashmir in Northwest India is the most probable point of origin. Their language shares a common origin with, and is similar to, modern-day Gujarati and Rajasthani, borrowing loanwords from languages they encountered as they migrated from India. In Europe, even though their culture has been victimized by other cultures, they have still found a way to maintain their heritage and society. Indian elements in Romani culture are limited, with the exception of the language. Romani culture focuses heavily on family. The Roma traditionally live according to relatively strict moral codes. The ethnic culture of the Romani people who live in Central and Eastern Europe developed through a long, complex process of continuous active interaction with the culture of their surrounding European population.

## References
History of the Romani people

The **Romani people**, also referred to as **Roma**, **Sinti**, or **Kale**, depending on the subgroup, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group that primarily lives in Europe. The Romani may have migrated from what is the modern Indian state of Rajasthan, migrating to the northwest (the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent) around 250 BC. It has also been suggested that emigration from India may have taken place in the context of the raids by Mahmud of Ghazni. As these soldiers were defeated, they were moved west with their families into the Byzantine Empire.

The author Ralph Lilley Turner has theorised a central Indian origin of the Romani, followed by a migration to northwest India, as the Romani language  shares a number of ancient isoglosses with Central Indo-Aryan languages in relation to realization of some sounds of Old Indo-Aryan. This is lent further credence by its sharing exactly the same pattern of northwestern languages such as Kashmiri and Shina through the adoption of oblique enclitic pronouns as person markers. The overall morphology suggests that Romani participated in some of the significant developments leading toward the emergence of New Indo-Aryan languages, thus indicating that the proto-Romani did not leave the Indian subcontinent until late in the second half of the first millennium.

;References
Greater Dhaka

**Greater Dhaka** refers to the larger city area around Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It has evolved into one of the biggest cities globally and is rising at an incredible pace. In 2001, the Dhaka Metropolitan Area was 1,353 square kilometers, with Dhaka City covering 276 square kilometers. The metropolitan area includes parts of Dhaka District, such as Savar and Keraniganj, Narayanganj District, which contains Narayanganj Sadar, Bandar, and Rupganj, and Gazipur District with Gazipur Sadar and Kaliakair. Estimated by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics in 2021, the population of the three districts is over 24 million. It is also linked with some surrounding localities like Manikganj, Munshiganj, and Narsingdi.

## References
Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise

The **Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise** is a Ukrainian award. It is awarded for special services to the state and people of the Ukrainian nation. The Order is named for Yaroslav I Vladimirovich. It was created on 23 August 1995 by the Ukrainian President, Leonid Kuchma.

## References
Praça Soares Madruga

**Praça Soares Madruga** is a square in Valentina Figueiredo, João Pessoa. Its name honors Deputy Soares Madruga, a politician famous for his contributions to the Valentina neighborhood.

## References
Ameerega simulans

***Ameerega simulans*** is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

## Home
This frog lives in rainforests on hills. People see it on the dead leaves on the ground. Scientists saw the frog between 300 and 600 meters above sea level.

Two of the places the frog lives are protected parks: Bahuaja-Sonene National Park and Manu Biosphere Reserve.

## Young
The female frog lays eggs on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out.  In some places, humans change the places where the frog lives to make farms and places for cows to eat grass.

## References
Jodh Singh Ramgarhia

**Jodh Singh Ramgarhia** (1758 – 23 August 1815) was a prominent Sikh leader of the Ramgarhia Misl in the Punjab, the son of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia who inherited Jassa's position on his death in 1803. His Ramgarhia followers played an important role in the  struggle when Maharaja Ranjit Singh was establishing the Sikh Empire.

## Biography 
Jodh Singh was the successor and son of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia. He had a close friendship with Ranjit Singh of the Sukerchakia Misl.

He further assisted the emperor of the Sikhs in 1807 when Ranjit Singh led a month-long expedition against Qutb ud-Din of Kasur. He fought with Ranjit Singh in the Battle of Kasur, and was awarded many estates by the Maharaja.

Between 1810–11, Jodh Singh, assisted by Diwan Mokham Chand, annexed the lands that had been under the control of the Faizalpuria Misl.

During the tenure of Jodh Singh, architectural works, such as the Ramgarhia Bunga, were constructed. He was responsible for the construction of the Ramgarhia Bunga adjoining the Golden Temple of Amritsar, a residence for guards of the temple, using materials that had been collected by his father.

He also donated materials for the beautification renovations of the Golden Temple complex, including perforated marble and mosaics. He was also responsible for constructing the first two stories of the tower of Gurdwara Baba Atal Rai. Jodh Singh died in Amritsar in August 1815.

On his death in 1815 there was a dispute over succession to his estates between his widow, his brother Vir Singh and his cousins Diwan Singh and Mehtab Singh. The Maharajah eventually split the estates between them.

## References
Skull Island

**Skull Island** is a fictional island created for the *King Kong* franchise.

## Wildlife 
* *Tyrannosaurus* - *Tyrannosaurus* are one of the most dominant predators on Skull Island. For example, one attempted to eat Ann, but was killed by Kong. 
* *Sphenacodon* - The *Sphenacodon* is one of the reptiles that lives in the jungles and crevasses of Skull Island.
* *Triceratops* - The *Triceratops* is one of the dinosaurs that lives in the jungles and forests of Skull Island.
* *Pteranodon* - A *Pteranodon* tried to fly away with Ann, but was then killed by Kong.
* *Tanystropheus* - *Tanystropheus* are one of the many reptiles that roam Skull Island.
* *Stegosaurus* - The *Stegosaurus* is one of the dinosaurs that lives in the jungles and floodplains of Skull Island.
* *Brontosaurus -* The *Brontosaurus* is one of the dinosaurs that lives in the jungles and grasslands of Skull Island.
* *Archaeopteryx -* The *Archaeopteryx* is one of the dinosaurs that lives in the jungles of Skull Island.

### Other animals from the original movies 
* *Teratornis*
* *Rhamphorhynchus*
* *Arsinoitherium*
* *Gigantophis*
* *Erythrosuchus*
* Giant insects
* *Elasmosaurus*
* Cave bear
* *Styracosaurus*
* *Nothosaurus*

### Terminated animals 
* *Phorusrhacos* 
* *Ichthyosaurus*
* *Araripesuchus*
* Giant arthropods 
* *Parasaurolophus*
* *Gigantopithecus*
* *Xiphactinus*
* *Hyracotherium*
* *Utahraptor*
* *Daspletosaurus*
* *Quetzalcoatlus*
* *Anurognathus*
* *Dromaeosaurus*
* Gorgonopsid
* *Odontochelys*
* *Deinosuchus*
* *Fasolasuchus*
Savage Land

***Savage Land*** is a fictional land.

## Wildlife 
The fauna of the Savage Land consists of prehistoric creatures which are extinct in rest of the world. The Nuwali created the Savage Land and stocked it with many kinds of extinct animals from the Triassic to the Pleistocene until they stopped maintaining the Savage Lands.
* Coelophysis
* Ankylosaurus
* Apatosaurus
* Archaeopteryx
* Arsinoitherium
* Brachiosaurus
* Dimetrodon
* Dire wolf
* Doedicurus
* Elasmosaurus
* Mastodon
* Eohippus 
* Iguanodon 
* Nothosaurus 
* Ornithomimus 
* Pteranodon
* Pterodactyl
* Smilodon
* Stegosaurus
* Styracosaurus
* Trilophodon
* Synthetoceras
* Therizinosaurus 
* Triceratops
* Trilobite
* Tylosaurus
* Tyrannosaurus
* Velociraptor
* Woolly mammoth
* Dinohyus
* Woolly rhinoceros
* Zeuglodon
* Spinosaurus
* Paraceratherium
* Utahraptor
* Ceratosaurus
* Allosaurus
* Oviraptor
* Tarbosaurus
* Dilophosaurus
* Plateosaurus
* Amargasaurus
* Diplodocus
* Chasmosaurus
* Protoceratops
* Pachycephalosaurus
* Maiasaura
* Parasaurolophus
* Othnielia
* Archelon
* Quetzalcoatlus
* Lystrosaurus
* Flying lizard
* Gorgonopsid
* Moschops
* Megalodon
* Uintatherium
* Ornithocheirus
Posture cane

A **posture cane** (also known as a **walking cane**, **cane**, **walking staff**, or **staff**) is a device used primarily to aid walking, provide postural stability or support, or assist in maintaining a good posture. 

## History 
A walking staff became a necessary item for any European gentleman's wardrobe in the 17th or 18th century.
## Usage 
When using a walking support, it is generally advised that the stick's length be such that, when standing with arms hanging and wearing the appropriate footwear, the top of the handle reaches the wrist joint. 

Both Western and Eastern Christian churches utilize a variety of office staffs that are developed from walking sticks or staffs. 

## Types 
Sticks are rated according to the weight they can bear; this is not just a matter of the weight of the user but depends upon whether the stick is used for light balance and support, or with a great deal of weight placed on the stick. Canes made of carbon fiber or aluminum are stronger than those of the same weight and made of other materials such as hardwood. 

* Ashplant

a British or Irish walking stick made from the ash tree. In the Royal Tank Regiment, officers carry an ashplant walking stick in reference to World War I when they were used to test the ground's firmness and suitability for tanks.

* Blackthorn

An Irish walking stick, or shillelagh, usable as a weapon, made from the blackthorn (*Prunus spinosa*)

* Campbell posture cane

Ronald Bruce Campbell defines Posture Cane that utilizes Campbell Handle Technology; a Biomechanical Functionality.

* Kebbie

A rough Scottish walking stick, similar to an Irish shillelagh, with a hooked head.

* Whangee

Charles Sumner of Massachusetts chastised Andrew Butler of South Carolina and Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois for the Kansas–Nebraska Act in the U.S. Congress in 1856. After learning of it, Andrew Butler's relative Preston Brooks believed Sumner's actions warranted revenge and struck him senselessly on the Senate floor with a gutta-percha walking cane.

## References
Waterloo Road (series 1)

The first series of the British school drama series ***Waterloo Road*** was shown on BBC One, It was shown from 9 March 2006 to 27 April 2006. It has 8 half-hour episodes. It was created by Ann McManus and Maureen Chadwick.

It is the first series to be filmed at the old Hill Top Community Primary School building in Rochdale, England.

## The series 
The show follows the lives of the teachers and the pupils at Waterloo Road, a failing comprehensive school.

The school has a lot of problems such as drink driving, underage driving, bullying, homosexuality, marital problems, exclusion, Huntington's disease, teenage pregnancy, abortion, bereavement, sexual harassment, mental illness and suicide.

## Cast
### Staff
* Jason Merrells as Jack Rimmer; Headteacher (8 episodes)
* Jamie Glover as Andrew Treneman; Deputy Headteacher and English teacher (8 episodes)
* Angela Griffin as Kim Campbell; Head of Pastoral Care and Art teacher (8 episodes)
* Jason Done as Tom Clarkson; English teacher (8 episodes)
* Camilla Power as Lorna Dickey; English teacher (8 episodes)
* Jill Halfpenny as Izzie Redpath; Head of Drama and English teacher (8 episodes)
* Denise Welch as Steph Haydock;  Head of French (8 episodes)
* Philip Martin Brown as Grantly Budgen;  Head of English (8 episodes)
* Judith Barker as Estelle Cooper; School secretary (8 episodes)

### Pupils
* Adam Thomas as Donte Charles (8 episodes)
* Katie Griffiths as Chlo Grainger (8 episodes)
* Lauren Drummond as Mika Grainger (7 episodes)
* Chelsee Healey as Janeece Bryant (7 episodes)
* Craig Fitzpatrick as Lewis Seddon (6 episodes)
* Rhea Bailey as Yasmin Deardon (4 episodes)
* Daisy Wignall as Holly Tattersall (4 episodes)

### Others
#### Recurring
* Steve Money as Clarence Charles; Donte's father (6 episodes)
* David Crellin as Jimmy Grainger; Izzie's ex-husband and Chlo and Mika's father (4 episodes)
* Anna Wilson-Jones as Heather Davenport; LEA inspector (3 episodes)
* Josh Hanlon as Rory Brears; Pupil (2 episodes)
* Shane Zaza as Ahmed Patel; Pupil (2 episodes)

#### Guest
* Robert Angell as Nigel Hinchcliffe; Chair of Governors (1 episode)
* Sherry Baines as Brenda Brears; Rory's mother (1 episode)
* Claire Cooper as Zoe Ramsden; Pupil (1 episode)
* Scott Kay as Zak Walker; Pupil (1 episode)
* Kris Mochrie as Craig Harris; Father of Zoe's baby (1 episode)
* Jordan Murphy as Hadleigh Flynn; Pupil (1 episode)
* Jeff Merchant as Brian Vaisey; Former Headteacher
* Marc Silcock as Anthony Sugden; Pupil (1 episode)

## Episodes

## DVD release
The first series of *Waterloo Road* was released on DVD in the UK on 26 March 2007.

## Notes 
## References
The Island of Dino Dwarfs

***The Island of Dwarfs*** is a television series focusing on dinosaurs that live on a nearby island with the same title of the series.

## Plot 
40 millions of years ago, after the extinction of all prehistoric animals, people were answered to bring back dinosaurs. The dinosaurs were created, along with some other non-dinosaur creatures that are also prehistoric, such as primates, *Arizonasaurus*, *Dimetrodon* and bongos. The first episode focuses on a herd of herbivorous dinosaurs that co-exist with a bongo. At the end of the episode, the bongo is preyed upon by a female *Tyrannosaurus rex* known as Roberta, and her two children named Tyrannos and Sauros.

## Episodes
Spinal posture

**Spinal posture** is the position of the spine within the human body.

The anterior superior (above and in front) iliac spines should be directly in front of the pubic symphysis, not on the same vertical line, as a neutral pelvis is actually anteriorly (front) rotated.

## Analysis 
In posture analysis, the spine is compared to a plumb line to detect abnormalities (things that are not normal). From the anterior/posterior (front to back) view, this plumb line should run vertically down the middle (called the midline) of the body dividing it symmetrically into right and left halves, showing even weight distribution on left and right sides. 

Developing flexibility, strength, and balance may be helped by proper spinal alignment. In medicine and occupations concerned with physical fitness, the concept of good posture is referred to as "neutral spine". 

The most recent attempts at 3D imaging have used magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and computed tomography (CT). Although these methods show promise, they lack the validity and reliability required to constitute a clinical reference.

## Related pages 
* Scoliosis
* Back pain

## References
US West

**US West Communications** was a telecommunications network. It was created in 1984 just after the Bell System breakup. They did business with fourteen Midwest, Pacific and Rocky Mountain states. They included Arizona, Iowa, Nebraska, Idaho, Colorado and Minnesota.

US West was made up of the Mountain Bell, Northwestern Bell (NWBT) and Pacific Northwest Bell (PNB) companies. In the 1990s, those three companies were combined. Later, they stopped operating. However, the NWBT and PNB companies have a strong chance of being brought back one day.

In June 2000, US West ended when Qwest Communications took over the operation service areas in which US West operated.

## References
Waterloo Road (series 2)

The second series of the British school drama series ***Waterloo Road*** was shown on BBC One, It was shown from 18 January 2007 to 26 April 2007. It has 12 half-hour episodes. It was created by Ann McManus and Maureen Chadwick.   

## The series 
The show follows the lives of the teachers and the pupils at Waterloo Road, a failing comprehensive school.

The school has a lot of problems such as bullying, alcoholism, multiple sclerosis, losing a baby, an affair between a teacher and a pupil, online abuse, overactive bladder syndrome, suicide, knife crime and drug abuse.

## Cast
### Staff
* Jason Merrells as Jack Rimmer; headteacher (12 episodes)
* Jamie Glover as Andrew Treneman; deputy headteacher and English teacher (12 episodes)
* Angela Griffin as Kim Campbell; head of pastoral care and art teacher (12 episodes)
* Jason Done as Tom Clarkson; English teacher (12 episodes)
* Jill Halfpenny as Izzie Redpath; head of drama and English teacher (12 episodes)
* Denise Welch as Steph Haydock; head of French (12 episodes)
* Christine Tremarco as Davina Shackleton; school secretary (12 episodes)
* Philip Martin Brown as Grantly Budgen; head of English (11 episodes)
* Camilla Power as Lorna Dickey; English teacher (10 episodes)
* Nick Sidi as Roger Aspinall; investor (7 episodes)

### Pupils
* Adam Thomas as Donte Charles (12 episodes) 
* Katie Griffiths as Chlo Grainger (12 episodes) 
* Lauren Drummond as Mika Grainger (12 episodes)
* Tom Payne as Brett Aspinall (12 episodes)
* Chelsee Healey as Janeece Bryant (9 episodes)
* Ellie Paskell as Maxine Barlow (8 episodes)
* Craig Fitzpatrick as Lewis Seddon; ex-pupil (7 episodes)
* Zeriozha Burtt-Skeete as Celine Dixon (4 episodes)
* Holly Grainger as Stacey Appleyard (4 episodes)
* Holly Matthews as Leigh-Ann Galloway (3 episodes)

### Others
#### Recurring
* Mikey North as Helmsley; Lewis's friend (4 episodes)
* Robert Angell as Nigel Hinchcliffe; Chair of Governors (2 episodes)
* Paul Birchard as Jerry Preston; Investor (2 episodes)
* Kathryn Hunt as Gemma Seddon; Drug dealer and Lewis's aunt (2 episodes)
* Michael Keogh as Jed Seddon; Drug dealer and Lewis's cousin (2 episodes)
* Gary Whitaker as Kevin Hurst; Canteen Assistant (2 episodes)

#### Guest
* Robert Beck as Terry Appleyard; Stacey's father (1 episode)
* Stuart Graham as Russell Millen; Supply teacher and ex-police officer (1 episode)
* Michelle Holmes as Lyndsay Woodham; Headteacher candidate for Waterloo Road (1 episode)
* Jack O'Connell as Dale Baxter; Pupil (1 episode)
* Daisy Wignall as Holly Tattersall; Pupil (1 episode)

## Episodes

## DVD release
The second series of *Waterloo Road* was released on DVD in the UK on 10 March 2008. It has episodes such as: Miss Haydock Reveals All, and Mika's Video Diary. It was released with a "12" British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) certificate (meaning people under the age of 12 years shouldn't watch it).

## References
Waterloo Road (series 11)

The eleventh series of the British school drama series ***Waterloo Road*** was shown on BBC One and BBC iPlayer, It was shown from 3 January 2023 to 14 February 2023.

In September 2021, BBC announced that *Waterloo Road* would return, after it was stopped in 2015.

It is the first series to be set at the old St Ambrose Barlow Roman Catholic High School building in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England.

## The series 
The show follows the lives of the teachers and the pupils at Waterloo Road.

It has stories such as COVID-19 pandemic, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the cost of living crisis in the UK, bulimia nervosa, and other stories.

## Episodes 
## Cast 
### Main cast 
### Supporting cast 
### Recurring cast 
### Guest cast 
## References 
## Other websites 
* *Waterloo Road* series 11 at BBC Online
* *Waterloo Road* series 11 at the IMDb
Waterloo Road (series 12)

The twelfth series of the British school drama series ***Waterloo Road*** was shown on BBC One and BBC iPlayer, It was shown from 16 May 2023 to 27 June 2023.

## The series 
The show follows the lives of the teachers and the pupils at Waterloo Road.

It has stories such as cost-of-living crisis, teen homelessness, racism, bulimia, being LGBTQ+, mental health, behavioral problems, young carers, gay fostering and adoption, elitism, knife crime, ADHD and the prioritisation of academic subjects over the arts in schools.

## Cast and characters 
### Main cast 
* Angela Griffin as Kim Campbell; Headteacher 
* James Baxter as Joe Casey; Deputy Head and languages teacher
* Ryan Clayton as Sergeant Mike Rutherford; School security officer
* Jo Coffey as Wendy Whitwell; PA to Headteacher 
* Neil Fitzmaurice as Neil Guthrie; History teacher
* Vincent Jerome as Lindon King; Deputy Head and science teacher
* Rachel Leskovac as Coral Walker; Head of English
* Kym Marsh as Nicky Walters; School canteen worker
* Katherine Pearce as Amy Spratt; Early career english and drama teacher
* Shauna Shim as Valerie Chambers; Music teacher
* Adam Thomas as Donte Charles; School caretaker
* Jamie Glover as Andrew Treneman; Headteacher of St Mary's school and a former colleague of Kim's
Clayton and Glover are credited only when appearing.

### Pupils 
* Adam Abbou as Danny Lewis
* Noah Valentine as Preston Walters
* Alicia Forde as Kelly Jo Rafferty
* Adam Ali as Kai Sharif
* Priyasasha Kumari as Samia Choudhry
* Francesco Piacentini-Smith as Dean Weever
* Liam Scholes as Noel McManus
* Lucy Eleanor Begg as Caz Williams
* Summer Violet Bird as Tonya Walters
* Scarlett Thomas as Izzy Charles
* Ava Flannery as Verity King
* Thapelo Ray as Dwayne Jackson
* Inathi Rozani as Zayne Jackson
* Chiamaka Ulebor as Shola Aku
* Sahil Ismailkhil as Norullah Sayid
* Randi Agyare as Millie Adebayo
* Osian Morgan as Myles Massey

#### Recurring 
* Sonia Ibrahim as Jamilah Omar; School social worker
* Paul Bazely as Ramesh Chowdhury
* Jenny Platt as Rose Massey
* Jason Milligan as Vinny McCullen
* Hollie-Jay Bowes as Debs Rafferty
* Jack Ashton as Lenny Sampson
* Sia Kiwa as Lisa Jackson

#### Guest 
* Olwen May as Mrs Doubleday (episode 5)
* James Quinn as Mr Cribbins (episode 5)

## Episodes 
## References
Waterloo Road (series 14)

The fourteenth series of the British academy drama series ***Waterloo Road*** was shown on BBC One and BBC iPlayer, It was shown from 10 September 2024 to 29 October 2024.

It is the first series to be set at the old Manchester College campus in Manchester, Greater Manchester.

## The series 
The show follows the lives of the teachers and the pupils at Waterloo Road.

It has stories such as the school changing into an academy, trolling, the cost-of-living crisis, gender politics, bullying, being a child in care, bereavement, menstruation, County lines drug trafficking, the arts vs academic performance, being deaf, and manslaughter.

## Cast and characters 
### Main cast 
* Jason Manford as Steve Savage; the new Headteacher of Waterloo Road, replacing Kim Campbell
* James Baxter as Joe Casey; Deputy Head and languages teacher
* Saira Choudhry as Nisha Chandra; Head of Maths
* Jo Coffey as Wendy Whitwell; PA to Headteacher
* Neil Fitzmaurice as Neil Guthrie; History teacher
* Rachel Leskovac as Coral Walker; Deputy Head and English teacher
* Kym Marsh as Nicky Walters; School canteen worker
* Katherine Pearce as Amy Spratt; Early career English and drama teacher
* Shauna Shim as Valerie Chambers; Music teacher
* Adam Thomas as Donte Charles; Site manager and supply PE teacher

### Pupils 
* Noah Valentine as Preston Walters
* Alicia Forde as Kelly Jo Rafferty
* Liam Scholes as Noel McManus
* Lucy Eleanor Begg as Caz Williams
* Summer Violet Bird as Tonya Walters
* Thapelo Ray as Dwayne Jackson
* Chiamaka Ulebor as Shola Aku
* Hattie Dynevor as Libby Guthrie
* Zak Sutcliffe as Schumacher "Schuey" Weever
* Tillie Amartey as Stacey "Stace" Neville
* Maisie Robinson as Portia Weever
* Aabay Noor Ali as Mollie 'Mog' Richardson
* Olly Rhodes as Billy Savage
* Nathan Wood as Boz Osbourne
* Sonya Nisa as Aleena Qureshi
* Miya Ocego as Lois Taylor-Brown
* Danny Murphy as Luca Smith
* Matthew Khan as Jared Jones

### Recurring 
*Hollie-Jay Bowes as Debs Rafferty; school cleaner and Kelly Jo's mum  
*Tom Wells as Marc Todd; Maths teacher
*Kerry Howard as Serena Michelle Davies; chief executive officer of Lowry Community Academies Trust
*Ryan Clayton as Mike Rutherford, Joe's husband and liaison Police officer with Waterloo Road

### Guest 
* Francesco Piacentini-Smith as Dean Weever, a troublemaking pupil (episode 1)
*Marie Critchley as Barbara Rafferty, Nicky and Debs' mother (episode 1)
*Krissi Bohn, as Melanie Parkinson, a local MP to visits Waterloo Road (episode 6)
*Angela Griffin as Kim Campbell (episode 8)
*Jamie Glover as Andrew Treneman (episode 8)
*Priyasasha Kumari as Samia Choudhry, Kelly Jo's best friend and a former Waterloo Road pupil (episode 8)
*Adam Ali as Kai Sharif, Preston's boyfriend and a former Waterloo Road pupil (episode 8)

## Episodes 
## References
Hyundai HB20

The **Hyundai HB20** is a subcompact car made by the South Korean company Hyundai Motor Company. It has been produced in Brazil since 2012 and was created specifically for the Brazilian market. The car is known for having a variety of flex-fuel engines, which allow it to run on different types of fuel, such as ethanol and gasoline. The HB20 was first sold outside Brazil in 2016, starting with Paraguay and Uruguay,  and later in Mexico and Colombia in 2022. The name "HB20" stands for "Hyundai Brasil" and the number "20" is used to indicate the car's size category, similar to the Hyundai i20.
## First Generation (HB; 2012-2019) 
The first generation of the Hyundai HB20 was produced from 2012 to 2019. It offered two engine options: a 1.0-litre and a 1.6-litre. The higher trim models were equipped with a 1.6-litre Gamma engine, which produced 128 horsepower. The HB20 was available with both automatic and manual transmissions for the 1.6-litre engine, while the 1.0-litre version only had a manual transmission. By 2013, over 75% of the parts used in the HB20 were produced in Brazil.
### HB20s
The Hyundai HB20S is the sedan version of the HB20 hatchback. It shares the same engine and transmission options as the hatchback. The HB20S has the same wheelbase as the hatchback but is longer, measuring 4.23 meters (166.5 inches), and features a larger trunk capacity of 450 litres (16 cubic feet), compared to the 300 litres (11 cubic feet) in the HB20 hatchback.
### HB20X
The Hyundai HB20X is a mini SUV variant of the HB20, designed to compete in the growing mini SUV market in Brazil. It features front-wheel drive, mixed-use tires, a slightly raised suspension, and visual upgrades compared to the standard HB20. The HB20X is only available with the 1.6-litre Gamma engine and was produced and sold exclusively in Brazil.
## Second Generation (BR2; 2019–present) 
The second generation of the Hyundai HB20 was launched on September 17, 2019. Its also avaliable in the sedan version the HB20S and the crossover look version the HB20X.
### Facelift
A facelifted version of the HB20 was released in July 2022 for the 2023 model year. The updated HB20 was introduced in Mexico on September 27, 2022, replacing the locally built Hyundai Accent. The facelifted model is available in sedan and hatchback body styles and comes in three trim levels: GL (sedan only), GL Mid, and GLS. It can be equipped with either an automatic or manual transmission.
## References
Waterloo Road Reunited

***Waterloo Road Reunited*** is an online spin-off mini-series of the main show *Waterloo Road*. The series followed the lives of former characters of the main show, and their lives after leaving Waterloo Road.

The series was shown on the Waterloo Road website from 2 March 2011 to 6 April 2011.

## Cast and characters
*Chelsee Healey as Janeece Bryant
*Lauren Thomas as Aleesha Dillon
*Lucy Dixon as Danielle Harker
*Tachia Newall as Bolton Smilie
*Thomas Milner as Paul Langley
*Zaraah Abrahams as Michaela White
*Dean Smith as Philip Ryan

## Episodes

## References
## Other websites
* Official website (Archive copy)
* 
*
Let's Go Round Again

"'''Let's Go Round Again'*" is a 1980 song by Scottish band Average White Band and was taken from their eighth studio album *Shine''. It went to number 12 in the United Kingdom and number 53 in the United States. It was covered by singer Louise Redknapp in 1997 and went to number 10 in the United Kingdom and number 8 in Scotland.

## Track listings 
* **UK CD1**
# "Let's Go Round Again"
# "Just When I Thought"
# "How You Make Me Feel"

* **UK CD2**
# "Let's Go Round Again" (radio mix)
# "Let's Go Round Again" (Colour Systems Inc. Amber vocals mix)
# "Let's Go Round Again" (Paul Gotel's Peaceful Warrior mix)
# "Let's Go Round Again" (187 Lockdown vocal mix)
# "Let's Go Round Again" (Rated PG club mix)

* **UK cassette single**
# "Let's Go Round Again"
# "Let's Go Round Again" (Rated PG club mix)
# "Just When I Thought"

* **European CD single**
# "Let's Go Round Again" (radio mix)
# "Let's Go Round Again" (UK album version)

* **Australian CD single**
# "Let's Go Round Again" (radio mix)
# "Let's Go Round Again" (Colour Systems Inc. Amber vocals mix)
# "Let's Go Round Again" (Paul Gotel's Peaceful Warrior mix)
# "Let's Go Round Again" (187 Lockdown vocal mix)

## References
Pick Up the Pieces (Average White Band song)

"**Pick Up the Pieces**" is a 1974 song by Scottish band Average White Band and was taken from their second studio album *AWB*. It went to number 1 in the United States, number 4 in Canada and number 6 in the United Kingdom. It is essentially an instrumental apart from the song's title being shouted at several points of the song.

## References
Alain de Benoist

**Alain de Benoist** (born 11 December 1943), also known as **Fabrice Laroche**, **Robert de Herte**, and **David Barney**, is a French political thinker and journalist. He helped start the *Nouvelle Droite* (France's New Right) and leads the ethnic national group GRECE.

De Benoist, influenced by German Conservative Revolution thinkers, rejects Christianity, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, neoliberalism, representative democracy, and equality. He believes these ideas are represented by the United States. He developed the idea of ethnopluralism, which focuses on protecting and respecting different ethnic and cultural areas.

His work has played a role in the alt-right movement in the U.S., and he gave a talk on identity at a National Policy Institute event organized by Richard B. Spencer; however, he has moved away from the movement.

## References 
### Bibliography
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Fatah Singh Ahluwalia

]]
**Fateh Singh Ahluvalia** (also spelled as **Ahluwalia)** (b. 1784 – d. 1837) was the ruler of the Kapurthala State of Punjab, India between 10th July, 1801 to 20th October, 1837.

## Early life
Fateh Singh, born in 1784, took over as leader of the Misl in 1801 after his father Bhag Singh Ahluwalia was killed at Phagwara. Seeking justice, Fatah Singh seized Phagwara and Banga from Chaudhri Chuhar Mal. Known for his peaceful nature, he focused on maintaining his own territories. Around this time, Ranjit Singh  emerged as the most powerful Sikh sardar in Punjab, with ambitions to eliminate smaller sardars and consolidate power. Ranjit Singh set his sights on Fateh Singh Ahluwalia and sought to form an alliance.

Chaudhri Qadir Bakhsh, a trusted advisor, encouraged Fateh Singh to form a friendship with Ranjit Singh, who had demonstrated his friendship with Muslims through words and actions. In 1801, the two young leaders, Ranjit Singh and Fateh Singh, exchanged turbans, symbolizing their brotherhood, and took an oath to preserve their bond. This marked the beginning of their strategic partnership. Fateh Singh would go on to support Ranjit Singh in various Campaigns, including Kasur, Malwa, Kangra, and Multan, solidifying their alliance.

Following his flight, Fateh Singh sought British protection for his territories, and the Governor-General affirmed his control over villages in the Cis-Satluj region while declining to intervene in his trans-Satluj territory. The Agent Governor-General at Ludhiana intervened, advising Ranjit Singh against confiscating the Kapurthala state in the Jalandhar Doab. Consequently, Ranjit Singh recalled his troops and extended an invitation to Fateh Singh to return. Fateh Singh accepted the offer and returned to Kapurthala in 1826, retaining control over his territory in the Jalandhar Doab while relinquishing other lands west of the Beas River to Ranjit Singh.

As noted by historian Lepel Griffin, "English influence barely sufficed to save Sardar Fateh Singh." Following Fateh Singh's death, the Ahluwalia Misl transformed into the Kapurthala state, modeled after the Phulkian state.

## References
Bhag Singh Ahluwalia

**Bhag Singh Ahluwalia** (1747-1801) was a prominent Sikh leader of the Ahluwalia misl and successor of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia.

## Early life
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia had a son born in 1747, but unfortunately, the child passed away. He had two daughters, one of whom was married to Mohar Singh from Fatahabad, and the other to Murar Singh from Sultanwind. Since Jassa Singh Ahluwalia did not have a brother, his second cousin Bhag Singh, who was the son of Ladha Singh and born in 1747, succeeded him.

## Military campaign
In 1785, a fierce battle erupted in Amritsar between the Bhangis and Mahan Singh Sukerchakia. Mahan Singh found himself trapped with no way out, but Bhag Singh, in a show of goodwill, allowed Mahan Singh to escape through his Katra. Despite being pursued by the Bhangis, Bhag Singh sent his forces to chase them down, ultimately ensuring Mahan Singh's safety.

That same year, Bhag Singh demonstrated his magnanimity by assisting Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, helping him recover his lost territories. In 1789, Bhag Singh allied with the Kanhaiyas to take Batala from the Ramgarhias. During this conflict, Man Chand, the younger brother of Raja Samar Chand Katoch of Kangra, came to assist Jassa Singh, but Bhag Singh intercepted him, forcing him to flee.

In 1792, during a pilgrimage to Jawalamukhi, Bhag Singh met Raja Sansar Chand Katoch. The two leaders exchanged turbans as a gesture of friendship, and their sons, Fatah Singh Ahluwalia and Anurodh Chand, also followed suit to strengthen the bond between the families.

After Jai Singh Kanhiya's death in 1793, his widow, Sada Kaur, took control of the Kanhiya misl. Seeking revenge for her husband's death, she allied with her son-in-law, Ranjit Singh, and Bhag Singh Ahluwalia. Together, they besieged Jassa Singh Ramgarhia in the Mianil fort by the River Beas, but their efforts were interrupted by a flood that thwarted their plans

## Death
In 1798, Bhag Singh dispatched his general, Hamir Singh, to attack Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, but Hamir Singh was repelled and forced to retreat. Three years later, in 1801, Bhag Singh launched an attack on Jassa Singh Ramgarhia's son, Jodh Singh Ramgarhia, at Phagwara. During the battle, Bhag Singh fell from his horse and lost his life.

## References
HSBC (Hong Kong)

**The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited** (), commonly abbreviated as **HSBC** and formerly known as **HongkongBank** (; styled *Wayfoong* by the bank), is the Hong Kong–based Asia-Pacific subsidiary of the HSBC banking group, for which it was the parent entity until 1991.

The largest bank in Hong Kong, HSBC operates branches and offices throughout the Indo-Pacific region and in other countries around the world. It is also one of the three commercial banks licensed by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority to issue banknotes for the Hong Kong dollar.

## Hong Kong banking
, Lantau Island, Hong Kong]]

Under the HSBC brand, the bank maintains a network of around 220 branches throughout Hong Kong, from which it offers a wide range of financial products and services. For some time in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the bank was known by the name **HongkongBank** in its native city, although it now trades as HSBC. During that period, it also adopted the idiosyncratic practice of calling its ATMs *Electronic Teller Card (ETC)* machines.

### Headquarters
The HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building is located in No 1 Queen's Road Central in the Central district on Hong Kong Island. It was also home to HSBC Holdings's headquarters until the latter firm's move to London to meet the requirements of the UK regulatory authorities after the acquisition of the Midland Bank in 1992. It was designed by British architect Norman, Lord Foster, and was the most expensive building in the world based on usable floor area at the time it was built.

### Hong Kong dollar bank notes
HSBC is one of the three commercial banks which are authorised to issue banknotes for Hong Kong - the other two being the Bank of China (Hong Kong) and Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong). Of the total notes in circulation measured by value, HSBC is the most prolific issuer, its notes representing 67.7% of those in issue. Hong Kong is unusual in that it is one of the few countries or territories where commercial banks are still permitted to issue their own banknotes.

### Closure of bank accounts 
In June 2023, it was reported that HSBC had closed the bank accounts of the pro-democracy League of Social Democrats (LSD), and had refused to give reasons for its decision.
## References
Thomas Sutherland

**Sir Thomas Sutherland**, ( 16 August 1834 – 1 January 1922) was a Scottish banker and politician, initially elected to represent the Liberal Party and then as a Liberal Unionist Party.  He founded The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation which was the founding member of HSBC Group and directed the P&O Company.

## Career
Sutherland got his start clerking in the London office of the **Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company** (P&O). Soon after, P&O promoted Sutherland to superintendent, assigning him to British Hong Kong to manage the firm's Asian operation. 
In 1863 he became the first chairman of the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock. In order to help finance the burgeoning trade between China and Europe, and explore the potential for China—United States trade, Sutherland established The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in 1865 and became its first vice-chairman.

He was appointed member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1865 to 1866. In 1872 he was appointed Managing Director of P&O.

In November 1884, Sutherland was elected at a by-election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Greenock. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1885, but when the Liberals split over Irish Home Rule he joined the breakaway Liberal Unionist Party. He was re-elected as a Liberal Unionist in 1886, but lost the seat at the 1892 general election. However, he was reinstated when his opponent was unseated on petition, and held the seat until he stood down at the 1900 general election.

## References
Laura Samuel

**Laura Helen Samuel ** (4 January 1976 – 21 November 2024) was a British violinist. She was member and co-founder of Belcea Quartet and leader of the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra.

## Biography
Samuel studied at the Royal College of Music in the 1990s together with Corina Belcea. They played just for fun together in a string quartet. As they were successful, the four quartet members were exempted from orchestra lessons and they founded the Belcea Quartet, with Laura Samuel as second violinist. Samuel played in the Belcea Quartet from 1994 to 2010. They won many prizes and gave concerts in the United States, Asia and Europe. In 2010 Samuel wanted to focus on her orchestral career. After an audition, she was accepted as concertmaster in the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. Samuel became the leader of the orchestra.

After a long illness, Samuel died on 21 November 2024, at the age of 48 from leiomyosarcoma, a rare form of cancer. The BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra dedicated a concert to her after her death.

## References
Orbicularis oculi muscle

'']]
The **orbicularis oculi** is a facial muscle that is responsible for closing the upper and lower eyelids.

## References
Paul van Gelder

**Harald Paul van Gelder** who worked under the name **Harkie** or **Harky** (5 April 1947 – 2 December 2024) was a Dutch discjockey.

His career began in 1963 as a lyricist for among others Mies Bouwman. In 1967 he worked as a program maker at the offshore radio station Radio 227, where he introduced genres such as psychedelic music and soul. Radio 227 reached millions of listeners every week. Although the station only existed for a short time, "Harkie" scored very high in various popularity polls at the end of 1967. He was voted for instance number 3 DJ in Belgium and number 5 DJ in the Netherlands by the readers of ''*. He became later known for the VARA night program *Geen tijd'', which was broadcast between 1989 and 2014. Van Gelder studied Dutch language and literature at the University of Amsterdam. His biological father came from Mobile, Alabama. 

Harald Paul van Gelder died in  on 2 December 2024, at the age of 77.

## References
Israel Vázquez

**Israel Vázquez Castañeda** (December 25, 1977 – December 2, 2024) was a Mexican professional boxer who competed from 1995 to 2010. He was a three-time super bantamweight world champion. He won the IBF title from 2004 to 2005; and the WBC, *The Ring* titles twice from 2005 to 2008. He was born in Mexico City, Mexico.

Vázquez was diagnosed with stage-4 sarcoma in November 2024. He died from the disease on December 2, 2024 at the age of 46.

## References
## Other websites
*Israel Vázquez profile at Cyber Boxing Zone
Neale Fraser

**Neale Andrew Fraser**,  (3 October 1933 – 2 December 2024) was an Australian tennis player. Fraser was the most recent man to have completed the triple crown. He won the US Open in 1959 to 1960 and the Wimbledon Championships in 1960. After his playing career ended, he was non-playing captain of Australia's Davis Cup team for 24 years. Fraser was born in Melbourne, Australia.

Fraser died on 2 December 2024 at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
* Historic images and video of Neale Fraser talking about his career  on Culture Victoria
Phagwara

**Phagwara** is a city and municipal corporation in the Kapurthala district of Punjab, India. It is located 40 kilometers from Kapurthala, the district headquarter,  away from Chandigarh,  away from Jalandhar and  from New Delhi. The city is famous for sugar, glucose, starch, fine fabric textiles, and auto parts manufacturing for engines in Punjab. This place is also known for the Shri Hanuman Garhi Temple, which has statues of the Hindu God, Hanuman.

## Demographics
As per provisional data of the 2011 census, the Phagwara urban agglomeration had a population of 117,954, with 62,171 males and 55,783 females. The literacy rate was 87.43 per cent. The city of Phagwara had a population of 97,864, with 51,386  males and 46,478 females. Phagwara has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the regional average of 75%; male literacy is 89% and female literacy is 83%. In Phagwara, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Phagwara city, as of the 2011 census.

## References
Armin Mohler

**Armin Mohler** (April 12, 1920 – July 4, 2003) was a Swiss right-wing thinker and journalist, known for his writings on the Conservative Revolution. He is often considered the founder of the *Neue Rechte* (New Right), the German part of the European New Right.
Kapurthala district

**Kapurthala district** is a district of Punjab state in northern India. The city of Kapurthala is the district headquarters.

Kapurthala District is one of the smallest districts of Punjab in terms of both area and population, with 815,168 people by the 2011 census. The district is divided into two noncontiguous parts, the main Kapurthala-Sultanpur Lodhi portion and the Phagwara tehsil or block.

The Kapurthala-Sultanpur Lodhi part lies between north latitude 31° 07' and 31° 22' and east longitude 75° 36'. In the north it is bound by Hoshiarpur, Gurdaspur, and Amritsar districts, in the west by the Beas River and Amritsar district, and in south by the Sutlej River, Jalandhar district, and Hoshiaripur district.

Phagwara tehsil lies between north latitude 31° 22' and east longitude 75° 40' and 75° 55'. Phagwara lies on the National Highway No 1, and the tehsil is much more industrially developed than the remainder of Kapurthala District. Phagwara is situated at a distance of  southeast of Jalandhar, and the tehsil is bounded on two sides by Jalandhar District whereas north by Hoshiarpur district and east by S B S Nagar District.

The district has three subdivisions/tehsils: Kapurthala, Phagwara, and Sultanpur Lodhi. The total area of the district is  of which  is in Kapurthala tehsil,  is in Phagwara tehsil and  is in Sultanpur Lodhi tehsil. The economy of the district is still predominantly agricultural

## Demographics
 in 1927, a true-colour photograph taken by Albert Kahn]]

According to the 2011 census Kapurthala district has a population of 815,168, roughly equal to the nation of Comoros or the US state of South Dakota. This gives it a ranking of 481st in India (out of a total of 640).

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Kapurthala district.

### Language 
At the time of the 2011 census, 91.20% of the population spoke Punjabi and 7.23% Hindi as their first language.==Demographics==
 in 1927, a true-colour photograph taken by Albert Kahn]]

According to the 2011 census Kapurthala district has a population of 815,168, roughly equal to the nation of Comoros or the US state of South Dakota. This gives it a ranking of 481st in India (out of a total of 640).

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Kapurthala district.

### Language 
At the time of the 2011 census, 91.20% of the population spoke Punjabi and 7.23% Hindi as their first language.

## Notes
## References