open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Skyfall

***Skyfall*** is a 2012 spy movie and the twenty-third in the *James Bond* series produced by Eon Productions. 
## Background
The movie is the third to star Daniel Craig as fictional MI6 agent James Bond and includes Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva, the villain, and Judi Dench, as M. It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, John Logan and features the theme song "Skyfall", written and performed by Adele. It was distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing.
## Plot
The movie centres around Bond investigating an attack on MI6; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 operative Raoul Silva to humiliate, discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him. It sees the return of two recurring characters after an absence of two movies: Q, played by Ben Whishaw, and Miss Moneypenny, played by Naomie Harris.
## Production
Mendes was approached to direct after the release of *Quantum of Solace* in 2008. Development was suspended when MGM ran into financial trouble, and did not resume until MGM emerged from bankruptcy in December 2010; meanwhile the original screenwriter, Peter Morgan, left the project. When production resumed, Logan, Purvis, and Wade continued writing what became the final version. Filming began in November 2011, primarily in the United Kingdom, with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey.
## Release
*Skyfall* premiered at the Royal Albert Hall, London, on 23 October 2012 and was released in the UK on 26 October and in North America on 9 November. It was the first James Bond movie to be screened in IMAX venues, although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras. The release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series, which began with *Dr. No* in 1962. 
## Reception
*Skyfall* was very well received by critics, who praised its screenplay, acting (particularly by Craig, Bardem, and Dench), Mendes's direction, Deakins's cinematography, Thomas Newman's musical score, and action sequences. It was the fourteenth movie to gross over $1 billion worldwide, and the only *James Bond* movie to do so. It became the seventh-highest-grossing movie of all time, the highest-grossing movie in the UK, the highest-grossing movie in the series, the highest-grossing movie worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM, and the second-highest-grossing movie of 2012.
## Awards
The movie won several accolades, including two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and two Grammy Awards. The next movie in the series, *Spectre*, was released in North America in November 2015, with Craig reprising his role, Sony Pictures returning to distribute, and Mendes returning to direct.
## Related pages
* Adele

## Other websites
* 
## References
Medical assistant

A **medical assistant** (sometimes called an MA) is a medical professional who works in medical settings along with doctors and nurses. They do things to help doctors and nurses with their jobs, and may perform many different tasks.

Some medical assistants are similar in some ways to a nurse. They take care of patients in hospitals and other medical facilities, and they perform other tasks to help run the office. They are different from a nurse mainly in that medical assistants cannot plan out what a patient's care will be like. They can only do what a nurse or a doctor instruct them to do.

Other types of medical assistants work in the reception area of a doctor's office, similar to a secretary. These medical assistants may file paperwork, update medical records, and greet patients.

## Education
Medical assistants usually go to school for between one and two years. They may hold an associate's degree, or in some cases a certificate if they already have an associate's degree in something else.

## Pay range
Medical assistants tend to earn between $20,000 and $40,000 a year in salary. Factors that influence a Medical Assistant's salary can be their location, the amount of training they have, the amount of time they've been working as a medical assistant, and the skills they've learned while working.

## References
Voiced consonant

In phonetics, a **voiced** consonant is a consonant which is pronounced with the vibration of the vocal cords. For example, the sound [] is a voiced consonant (specifically a sibilant), while [] is not, and it is called a voiceless consonant. You can feel when your vocal cords are vibrating by putting your finger at your larynx, or the Adam's apple.

Here are some examples of voiced and voiceless consonant pairs in English:

Many languages have pairs of consonants like these.
24

## Events 
### Roman Empire 
* Roman war against Numidia and Mauretania ends.
* Servius Cornelius Cethegus and Lucius Visellius Varro become consuls.
* Charmides becomes Archon of Athens.
* Philo declares that the Old Testament is the eternal law of God.

### Asia 
* King Yuri rises to the Silla (Korea) throne.

### Africa 
* End of the Masinissa line of the rulers of Carthage.
* End of Tacfarinas' revolt against the Roman Empire.

## Births 
*

## Deaths 
* Strabo, Greek geographer
* Namhae, king of Silla
Phu Quoc International Airport

**Phu Quoc International Airport** is an airport on Phu Quoc Island, at the southern end of Vietnam. The construction began in November 2008 and finished in November 2012. It was opened on 2 December 2012, and replaced the old airport. The runway is  long and  wide. The current capacity is 2.6 million passengers per year and will be upraded to 4 million in 2020, 7 million in 2030. This airport is the heart to connecting Phu Quoc Beaches and more.
25

**25** is a year in the 1st century. was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Agrippa**

## Events 
### Roman Empire 
* Tiberius settles a dispute between Messenia and Sparta over the Ager Dentheliales on Mount Taygetus. He gives the land to Messenia.
* Aelius Sejanus tries to marry the widow of Drusus Julius Caesar.
* Cossus Cornelius Lentulus, Marcus Asinius Agrippa become consuls
* Pomponius Mela formalizes the climatic zone system

### Asia 
* Han dynasty returns to China.  Liu Xiu proclaimed himself Emperor.
* Luoyang becomes the capital of the ***Houhan*** or Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 CE).

## Births 
* Gaius Julius Civilis, German chieftain

## Deaths 
* Aulus Cremutius Cordus, Roman historian
David Newell

**David Newell** (born November 24, 1938) is an American television and voice actor who is known for his television role as Mr. McFeely in ''Mister Rogers' Neighborhood*. He also voiced the character in *Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood*. In 2018, he appeared in the Fred Rogers documentary *Won't You Be My Neighbor?''.

Newell was born on November 24, 1938 in O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Newell studied at Pittsburgh University.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance

The **Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance** (), is an Israeli academy for music and the performing arts. It is located in Jerusalem. Many famous Israeli artists studied there, such as the singer David D'or and the composer Nurit Hirsch.

The academy is a part of the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

## Other websites 
* Interview with Michael Melzer, vice president of the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance
Ben Gurion International Airport

**Ben Gurion International Airport** (, '''') is an international airport in Tel Aviv, Israel. This airport is the main international airport in Israel and the largest airport in Israel.

The airport is named after the first Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion.
 arrive at the airport in 1949.]]

## References 
## Other websites 
*Ben Gurion International Airport, iaa.gov.il
*Israeli Aviation Charts for flight simulation (including Ben Gurion) , vatil.or
Schmitt trigger

A **Schmitt trigger** is an electronic device which can moderate analog signal values only to zero or one (0 / 1). It can be made of a couple transistors, or several triggers can be arranged in an integrated circuit. 

;Uses:
*Converting analog signals to digital
*Oscillators
United States Army Nurse Corps

The **United States Army Nurse Corps** (NC) is an American army branch. It was created by the United States Congress in the year of 1901. This Special Branch together with five other ones form together the Army Medical Department (AMEDD).

The Nurse Corps is the nursing service for the U.S. Army and provides qualified nursing staff in support of the plans of the United States Department of Defense.

All work must be in favor of the wellness of warriors and their families.

## Other websites
Televisión Nacional de Chile

**Televisión Nacional de Chile** (**TVN**), is a company in Chile. It broadcasts in the Chilean territories and other countries on television and the Internet.

## Programs 
### Previous programs 
* *Piel de Otoño* (Televisa)
* *Vive Viña en TVN*
* *Pobre rico*
* *Dama y obrero*
* *Apuesto por ti* 
* *Un minuto para ganar*
* *Contra viento y marea* (Televisa)
* *Mamá a los 15*
* *La esclava Isaura* (Rede Record)
* *Las Argandoña* 
* *El mejor de Chile*
* *Divididos*
* *Factor X*

## Other websites
*Official site
Tonka Tomičić

**Tonka Tomicic Petric** (; born 31 May 1976) is a Chilean model and television presenter of Croat origin.

## Career
She first came to public attention as the Chilean representative to the 1995 Miss World pageant. Soon after she was invited to the program *Pase lo que Pase* of TVN as a fashion commentator. She received her big break when she became one of the principal co-presenters of this program and went on to assume the co-presenter role of *Buenos dias a todos*, a popular morning television show.

In February 2006, Tomičić was elected Queen of the Viña del Mar International Music Festival, and in 2007 she was presentor of the same festival with Sergio Lagos.

## Television 
## References
## Other websites 
* Terra.cl  Erika Cabrera: Los secretos de belleza de Tonka Tomicic, July 30, 2008, accessed July 30, 2008
* 
* Blog de Tonka Tomicic  en Caras.
* Biografias.es Tonka Tomicic
La Red

**La Red**, whose letters stand for **Red Chilena de Televisión**, is a Chilean television network.

## Programs 
## Other websites
*Official site
Pamela Díaz

**Pamela Andrea Díaz Saldías** (born 26 February 1981 in Puerto Varas) is a Chilean model and television presenter.

## Television 
## Other websites 
*
Buddy Guy

**George "Buddy" Guy** (born July 30, 1936) is an American blues guitarist and singer. He worked with other musicians such as Muddy Waters, Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, and Stevie Ray Vaughan. He is known for his songs such as ''Slipin' In* and *Feels Like Rain''.

Guy was born on July 30, 1936 in Lettsworth, Louisiana. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Jennifer Guy from 1991 until they divorced in 2002.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Ed O'Neill

'''Edward Phillip "Ed" O'Neill, Jr.'* (born April 12, 1946) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles as Al Bundy in *Married... with Children* and as Jay Pritchett in *Modern Family''. He has won two Screen Actors Guild Awards for his role as Pritchett.

O'Neill was born on April 12, 1946 in Youngstown, Ohio. He studied at Youngstown State University. O'Neill has been married to Catherine Rusoff since 1986. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
*
Michael Dell

**Michael Saul Dell** (born February 23, 1965) is an American businessman. He created the computer technology company Dell. He was added as the 41st richest person in the world. Dell has about $19.9 billion.

Dell was born on February 23, 1965 in Houston, Texas. He was born to a Jewish family. Dell dropped out from the University of Texas at Austin. Dell married Susan Lieberman in 1989. They have four children.

## References
## Other website
*
Canal 13 (Chile)

**Canal 13**, is a Chilean television network.

## Programs 
* *Tu Día*
* *Lugares que Hablan*
* *Teletrece*
* *Culura 13C*
* *Que dice Chile*

## Previous programs 
* *Dash y Cangri*
* *Insensato corazón* (Rede Globo)
* *Vértigo*
* *Sábado Gigante*
* *¿Quién Quiere ser Millonario?: Alta tensión*
* *En su propia trampa*
* *Soltera otra vez*
* *Contacto*
* *Perla, tan real cómo tú*
* *Diagnostico*
* *Proyecto Miss Chile*
* *Atrapa los Millones*
* *Bienvenidos*
* *Alfombra Roja*
* *Sábado de reportajes*

## Other websites
* Official site
Colt McCoy

**Daniel Colt McCoy** (born September 5, 1986 in Hobbs, New Mexico) is an American football starting quarterback that currently plays for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). McCoy was drafted out of the University of Texas at Austin by the Cleveland Browns with the 18th pick in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft.

In 2006, during his time with the Texas Longhorns, he was a candidate for the Heisman Trophy. He was again a candidate for the trophy in 2007 which was won by Tim Tebow. McCoy is a member of the Church of Christ.

## College awards and honors
* 2006 "All Freshman Team" by College Football News
* 2006 “National Freshman of the Year” by The Sporting News and the Touchdown Club of Columbus
* 2006 Big 12 Offensive Newcomer of the Year by the Associated Press.
* 2006 Valero Alamo Bowl Offensive MVP
* 2008 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl Offensive MVP
* 2008 Big 12 Offensive Player of the Year by the Associated Press
* 2008 Second-team All-Big 12 by the Associated Press
* 2008 Walter Camp Award by the Walter Camp Foundation
* 2008 First-team All-America by the Walter Camp Foundation, FWAA, and Sports Illustrated
* 2008 Archie Griffin Award
* 2008 co-Sporting News Player of the Year
* 2008 Heisman Memorial Trophy Runner-up 
* 2009 Tostitos Fiesta Bowl Offensive MVP
* 2009 Unanimous first-team All-American, including first-team honors from by Associated Press, AFCA, FWAA, 
* Walter Camp Foundation, Rivals.com, Scout.com
* 2009 First-team All-Big 12 
* 2009 Big 12 Offensive Player of the Year 
* 2009 NCAA Quarterback of the Year 
* 2009 Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award 
* 2009 Davey O'Brien Award
* 2009 Manning Award
* 2009 Chic Harley Award 
* 2009 Maxwell Award
* 2009 Walter Camp Award by the Walter Camp Foundation
* 2009 Sporting News College Athlete of the Year
* 2009 AT&T ESPN All-America Player of the Year 
* Texas Longhorns #12 retired
## References
## Other websites
*Colt McCoy at nfl.com
Sense and Sensibility (movie)

***Sense and Sensibility*** is a 1995 movie that was directed by Ang Lee. It is an adaptation of *Sense and Sensibility*, a novel published by English author Jane Austen in 1811. The movie starred Emma Thompson, Kate Winslet, Hugh Grant, and Alan Rickman.

## Other websites
*
Antofagasta

**Antofagasta** is a city in northern Chile. It is the capital of the province of Antofagasta and of the region of Antofagasta. In the 2002 census, the city had a population of 296,905.

## References
## Other websites 
*  Municipality of Antofagasta
* EXPONOR – The most important trade fair of copper mining in the world. 
* MSN Map of Antofagasta
Karyn White

**Karyn White** (born 14 October 1965 in Los Angeles) is an American R&B singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer and actress. She was very popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Her hit singles include "Secret Rendezvous" , "Superwoman" and "Can I Stay With You".

## References
Paloma Faith

**Paloma Faith** (born **Paloma Faith Blomfield** on 21 July 1981) is an English singer, songwriter and actress. 

She was born in Hackney, London and raised in Stoke Newington, also in London. 

Her latest album is called, "The Glorification of Sadness", released in February 2024. In 2009 she won an award for European Top 100 Albums with her album, "Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful?". The singer met her managers Jamie Binns and Christian Wåhlberg in 2007.m

## Discography 
* *Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful?* (2009)
* *Fall to Grace* (2012)
* *A Perfect Contradiction* (2014)
* *The Architect* (2017)
* *Infinite Things* (2020)
* *The Glorification of Sadness* (2024)

## Awards and nominations 
## Concert tours 
*Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful Tour (2010)
*Fall to Grace Tour (2012–13)
*Paloma Faith Autumn Tour 2014 (2014–15)
*The Architect Tour  (2018)
*The Infinite Things Tour (2021)

## References
## Other websites 
*Paloma Faith biography at AllMusic
*
Alan King

**Alan King** (**Irwin Alan Kniberg**, December 26, 1927 &ndash; May 9, 2004) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, writer, movie producer, and comedian. He was known for his roles in *Casio*, *Rush Hour 2*, *The Anderson Tapes*, *Just Tell Me What You Want* and in ''Cat's Eye*. He is also known for his voice guest-star role as the Don in *Family Guy''.

King was born on December 26, 1927 in New York City, New York. He was born to a Jewish family. King was married to Jeanette Sprung from 1947 until his death 2004. King died on May 9, 2004 in New York City, New York from lung cancer, aged 76.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Four Freedoms

The ***Four Freedoms*** is an important concept of American president Franklin D. Roosevelt. He presented them in the *State of the Union* of January 6, 1941, which is therefore also called the *Four Freedoms Speech*.

Roosevelt made the *Four Freedoms* public just eleven months before the American participation at World War II. The concept played an important role in the American propaganda during the war. After Roosevelts death in 1945, his wife Eleanor continued being an important advocate for including the *Four Freedoms* in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

:"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms:
# The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world.
# The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world.
# The third is freedom from want which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world.
# The fourth is freedom from fear which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world. 
:"That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb". Franklin D. Roosevelt, January 6, 1941

## Art 
]]
To inspire a greater public for his concept, Roosevelt arranged the creation of the Four Freedoms Monument. The statue was made public in 1943 in New York City. In honor of one of the first Americans to be killed in action in World War II, Colin Kelly, Roosevelt had the statue moved to Kelly's former home in Florida.

In 1943 artist painter Norman Rockwell got inspired by the *Four Freedoms* and made a series of four paintings on this subject. Afterwards, the American authorities made use of these paintings to collect money for the world war.

## Related pages 
*Four Freedoms Award
Right to an adequate standard of living

of 1943]]
The **right to an adequate standard of living** is a fundamental human rights. It is part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that was accepted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948.

Furthermore it has been written down in article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which is a human righs treaty of the United Nations as well.

The predecessor of this right, the *Freedom from Want*, is one of the *Four Freedoms* that American President Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke out at his State of the Union of January 6, 1941. According to Roosevelt it is a right every human being everywhere in the world should have. In his speech Roosevelt described his third right as follows:

## References 
## Relating page 
*Economic, social and cultural rights
Holland Taylor

**Holland Virginia Taylor** (born January 14, 1943) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actress. She played Ruth Dunbar in *Bosom Buddies*. She played Margaret Powers in *The Powers That Be*. She played Judge Roberta Kittleson in *The Practice*. She played Evelyn Harper in *Two and a Half Men*. She won an Emmy Award in 1999.

Taylor was born on January 14, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She studied at Westtown School and at Bennington College.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Port Coquitlam

**Port Coquitlam** is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The population of Port Coquitlam was 61,498 in 2021. The mayor of Port Coquitlam is Brad West. The first European settlement in Port Coquitlam was established in 1859 although the Coast Salish people lived in and around the area first. The city is also nicknamed "PoCo" for short. In 2008, the city was ranked #85 for its murder rate which is for Canadian cities with a population over 50,000.

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website
Four Freedoms Monument

, Florida]]
The **Four Freedoms Monument** is a sculpture by Walter Russell. It was in New York City at first and later moved to Florida.

## Background 
The monument is a symbol for the *Four Freedoms* human beings everywhere in the world should have. This part of his speech has therefore been named the *Four Freedoms Speech* as well. This was before the American participation at World War II. The *Four Freedoms* of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt are the following:
*Freedom of speech
*Freedom of worship
*Freedom from want
*Freedom from fear

Roosevelt had the monument built with the idea to inspire a greater public for his four freedoms.

The monument was first presented in 1943 in Madison Square Garden in New York City, with the presence of 60,000 people. It was presented in the honor of Colin Kelly, one of the first Americans to be named an American hero of the Second World War. On June 14, 1944, the monument was moved to the former home of Kelly in Madison, Florida.

## Other websites
Toomas Hendrik Ilves

**Toomas Hendrik Ilves** (born 26 December 1953), is an Estonian politician. He was the President of Estonia from 2006 to 2016.

## Biography
Toomas Hendrik Ilves was born on 26 December 1953, in Stockholm, Sweden.

In 1957 he married his first wife, American psychologist Dr. Merry Bullock, and they had one son and one daughter. He got married again in 2004, Evelin Int-Lambot and has one daughter with her. He was elected on 23 September 2006 and began his term as President on 9 October 2006. Evelin and him were divorced on 30 April 2015. He married his third wife on 2 January 2016, Ieva Ilves. He was re-elected as president in 2011.

## References
Robert Eugene Bush

**Robert Eugene Bush** was an American military during World War II. He was serving as a hospital corpsman for the United States Navy. Het was honored with a Medal of Honor for his brave actions during the Battle of Okinawa.

## Life 
 handing over the Medal of Honor to Robert E. Bush*]]
Bush was born on October 4, 1926, in Tacoma, Washington. In 1944 he joined the navy as a young boy.

During the invasion of Okinawa he got wounded on May 2, 1945, during an attack on a rifle company that he was on patrol.

At 18 years of age he was awarded for his braveness by President Truman in a White House  with the Medal of Honor.

After the war, he returned to finish high school. Then he went on with a study in business administration at the University of Washington.

After he finished study, he founded the Bayview Lumber Company at South Bend, Washington in 1951 and Bayview Redi-Mix at Elma, Washington.

Tom Brokaw, a television personality and journalist, wrote a chapter about Bush in his World War II book *The Greatest Generation'' (1998).

Robert and Wanda Bush were the parents of three sons and a daughter. He died from cancer on November 8, 2005, in Olympia, Washington when he was 79 years old.

## References
Freedom from fear

of 1943]]
**Freedom from fear** is a fundamental human right. This right was mentioned by American President Franklin D. Roosevelt as one of the *Four Freedoms* human beings everywhere in the world should have. Roosevelt presented the *Four Freedoms* at his State of the Union of January 6, 1941, which therefore has been called the *Four Freedoms Speech* as well.

This right, as well as the other three of the *Four Freedoms* of Roosevelt, makes part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was accepted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948. *Freedom from fear* is written down in the introduction tot the UN Declaration.

In his speech Roosevelt described his fourth right as follows:

In 1943 Norman Rockwell painted his work *Freedom from Fear * which is one of four paintings he made on Roosevelts *Four Freedoms*.

Aung San Suu Kyi has named this right many times in speeches and wrote a book with the title *Freedom From Fear* on it in 1991. Historian David M. Kennedy was inspired by the right as well and in 1991 he brought out his book with the title *Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945*.

## Related pages 
* Four Freedoms Award
* Civil and political rights
* Right to an adequate standard of living

## References
James Gosling

**Dr. James A. Gosling** (born May 19, 1955) is a Canadian computer scientist who invented Java.

Gosling was born on May 19, 1955 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He studied at the University of Calgary and at Carnegie Mellon University. Gosling is married. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
*James Gosling's personal weblog
*Presentation by James Gosling about the origins of Java, from the JVM Languages Summit 2008
*slide show depicting Gosling's life
Sill (geology)

in Edinburgh, a sill partly exposed during the ice ages]]

In geology, a **sill** is a flat sheet-like intrusion. As molten magma, it pushed between older layers of rock. The older rock may be sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or metamorphic rock. 

 sill between Lower Carboniferous shales and sandstones: Horton Bluff, Nova Scotia]]

The sill does not cut across preexisting rocks, unlike dykes. Sills are fed by dykes as they form from a lower magma source. The existing rocks must split to create the planes along which the magma moves in. These planes or weakened areas allow the intrusion of a thin sheet-like body of magma paralleling the existing strata. When it cools and crystallises, it is then a sill.
Angkaliya Curtis

**Angkaliya Curtis** (born c. 1928) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She paints animals from the central Australian desert.

## Early life
Curtis was born around 1928, at a place called Miti, in north-western South Australia. Her family are Pitjantjatjara people. They lived a traditional nomadic way of life in the desert, often walking long distances from place to place in search of food and water. While living in the bush with her family, Curtis learned about the sacred law of the land from her mother and grandmother. They taught her about the Dreamtime and her family's spiritual ancestors, about bush food and traditional healing. She also learned about traditional crafts. She made ceremonial belts and '''' (head rings) by spinning hair on a hand-made spindle.

When Curtis was still a child, she travelled with her mother to what is now Watarru, her mother's homeland. The family lived for a time on cattle stations, and traded dingo scalps and rabbit skins for flour, tea and sugar. They later settled on the mission at Ernabella. When she was older, Curtis married a man named Bill, and worked at Ernabella spinning wool and making rugs.

In the 1960s, she moved back west (closer to her homeland) when the outstation at Amaṯa was established. She now lives at Nyapaṟi.

## Artwork
Curtis is best known for her acrylic paintings, but she is also still involved in traditional handicraft work (making grass baskets and wooden carvings). The most visible motif in Curtis' paintings are her representations of animals. Her works stand out against other artists from her region because of her  use of colours.

Her work has been exhibited around Australia since 2007. It was first shown internationally in 2010, in San Sebastian, Spain. Examples of her paintings are displayed in the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, the National Gallery of Victoria, the National Gallery of Australia, and the Australian National University.

Curtis was a finalist for the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 2010 and 2011. She was also one of 16 finalists for the Western Australian Indigenous Art Award in 2011.

## References
Gong Ji-young

**Gong Ji-young** (; born 31 January 1963 in Seoul) is a South Korean novelist and journalist. Her popular novels are *My Sister Bongsoon* (2002), *Our Happy Time* (2005) and *The Crucible* (2009). She is considered a pioneer of Korean feminism. Since the mid 1990s, she has been considered one of the most eminent Korean female writers. She is gaining in popularity, especially among female readers. Her books have sold more than nine million copies.

## Early literary career
In 1985, Gong Ji-Young received her Bachelor's in Arts in Literature from Yonsei University. At that time she worked as a writer at a publishing company and at The Council of Writers for Freedom and Practice, which is now called The Writers Association of Korea (WAK). She has participated in demonstration for Korea's democracy in the 1980s. She was sent to a detention center for joining anti-vote rigging demonstration and decided to become a writer. In 1988, she made a literary debut through her novel *Dawn*.  In the middle of the 1990s, her novels *Mackerel*, *Human Decency* and ''Go Alone Like the Rhinoceros' Horn* were on the bestseller list concurrently. In the early 2000s, she sold her novel *My Sister Bongsoon'' for almost 1.6 million volumes.

## Current work
Gong Ji-Young divorced three times and has raised three children. The children's last names are all different. To pay for her children's loans, she made a comeback after seven years and released *Our Happy Time*(2005). The novel was made into a feature film with a total of over four million viewers. After having published *The Crucible* (2009), the novel was made into a feature film (2011) raising public interest in the rights of disabled students. She was awarded the Lee-sang Prize for the 2011 novel *Wander an Alley in Barefoot*.

## Awards
Gong received several awards for her work:
*2001 - 7th 21st Century Literary Award
*2001 - 27th Korean Novel and Literature Award from Korean Novelist Association
*2004 - 12th Oh Young-soo Literature Award
*2006 - 9th Special Media Award from Amnesty International

## Works in English
**Human Decency*. Jimoondang, 2006. ISBN  8988095928, . Translated by Bruce Fulton.
**My Sister, Bong Soon*. Mosaic Press, 2005. , . Translated by Jung-eun Park.

## Works in Korean
*1993  - *Go Alone Like a Rhino Horn*
*1994 - *Mackerel*
*2002 - *My Sister Bongsoon*
*1999 - *Crying Existence*
*2000 - *Who We Are, Where We Are From, Where We Are Going?* (received seventh 21 Century Literary Award in 2001)
*2005 - *Films of My Life*
*2005 - *Maundy Thursday* ("Our Happy Time")
*2006 - *I Was Alone Like a Raindrop*
*2006 - *The Unhurt Soul*
*2009 - *People in the Bible for Children*
*2009 -  *The Crucible*

## References
Washuk District

**Washuk District** () is a district in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

## Tehsils
* Basima
* Mashkhel
* Washuk
Hazara District

, Mansehra and Haripur districts, these districts can be seen on the right-hand side of this map.]]

**Hazara District** was an old  district of Peshawar Division in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan until 1976. It was the most northerly part of the division and covered an area of about . It was a long narrow shape, about  wide and about  long. During British rule, it separated Kashmir from the independent hill areas. After Britain left in 1947 these independent hill areas were part of Pakistan just like Hazara. The main cities were Abbottabad, Haripur, Mansehra, Nawashahr and Baffa. It is now renamed as the Hazara Division. 

## Organisation
## References
Finnair

**Finnair** is a Finnish airline. The company was established on November 1, 1923. The first flight was in March 1924. Their motto is: *Designed for you* ().

Almost 4470 people worked for Finnair in 2014. 

## References 
*

## Other websites
* Viralliset sivut
CNA Center

**CNA Center** is a 622-ft (189m), 44-story high-rise building at 333 South Wabash Avenue in the Loop of Chicago, Illinois. The building is well known for lighting logos or messages on the front side of the building or for its dark red color. It is the tallest red building in Chicago. Construction began in March 1970. The building was finished in 1972 and was open to the public in 1973.

## References
## Other websites
*CNA Center Lighted Window Message Archive 
*Informative site
One Prudential Plaza

(behind) from Millennium Park, 2004]]
**One Prudential Plaza** (or the **Prudential Building**) is a 41-story structure in Chicago. It was finished in 1955 as the headquarters for Prudential's Mid-America company. The building is known for its 311 feet antenna. The building is 601 feet (183 m) without the antenna. With the antenna, the building is 912 feet (270 m) high. The building and its "sister" building, the Two Prudential Plaza, was sold in May 2006 for $470 million dollars. It was the 2012 Obama campaign headquarters for the United States presidential election, 2012.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Emporis entry for One Prudential Plaza
Power line communication

cable, plus a normal power socket.]]
**Power line communication** (or **Powerline communication**) uses existing electric power lines to send and receive data. The data signal is modulated and multiplexed over several carrier frequencies. There are different technologies that can be used:
*low frequency transmission, over long distances:  Example uses are the power company reading out its meters from a distance, or controlling its equipment, which may be in remote locations that are difficult to access. Modulation is at a few hundred kilohertz
*medium frequency transmission, over short distances: Home automation (light switching, automatically controlled blinds...)
*There are different technologies that propose to replace a Local Area Network or WLAN. The problem there is that technologies of different vendors cannot talk to each other, and that the standard is only about as fast as Fast Ethernet
Chicago Theatre

**The Chicago Theatre** is a theatre in Chicago, Illinois where stage plays, magic shows, comedy, speeches, and popular music concerts are held every year. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 6, 1979, and it was listed as a Chicago Landmark on January 28, 1983. The theatre is also known for the bright color lights that light-up the words *Chicago* side to side.

## References
## Other websites
* The Chicago Theatre
* Historic Images of the Chicago Theatre 
* History of the Chicago Theatre
Multiplexing

**Multiplexing** is the name for an operation or method which combines several signals into one, before that signal is sent over a telecommunications line. At the other end of the line, the combined signals are *demultiplexed*, that is, the combination of the signals is undone. There are different ways how this multiplexing can be done:
*Space division multiplexing: Each channel can use its own part of the space exclusively. There are many channels, in different spaces. This is like people talking in different places. If the people talking are far apart, the conversations won't interfere. 
*Frequency division multiplexing: Different channels use the different frequencies. The sounds bats  make use frequencies that humans cannot hear. Their conversations will therefore not interfere.
*Time division multiplexing: Different channels use different time slots. In Amateur radio, there will only be one person speaking at a time. Different people who speak at different times do not interfere with each other.
*Code division multiplexing: Communications are coded. Different signals use different codes.  People speaking in different languages do not interfere.
Multiplexing was first done for telegraphy in the 1870s, and for telephone lines in 1910. Today, it is widely used.
Western Wall

The **Western Wall**, **Wailing Wall** or **Kotel** (, ; ; ) is an ancient wall in the Old City of Jerusalem on the western side of the Temple Mount. According to Jewish tradition this wall is a remnant of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. It is the most holy site for Jews.

Jerusalem-Klagemauer-06-2010-gje.jpg
Jerusalem-Klagemauer-20-Frauen-2010-gje.jpg
Jerusalem-Klagemauer-50-Gebetszettel-2010-gje.jpg
Jerusalem-Klagemauer-24-Beter-1985-gje.jpg
Jerusalem-Klagemauer-48-Tunnelausgang-2010-gje.jpg
Jerusalem-Klagemauer-58-betender Jude-2010-gje.jpg
Jerusalem-Klagemauer-76-Bar Mizwa-2010-gje.jpg
Franciscus kotel.jpg

## Other websites 
**The Western Wall Heritage Foundation* 
*Jewish Virtual Library: *The Western Wall*
*Chabad.org: *The Shofar and the Wall, 1930*
*Historic radio broadcast of the capture of the wall by the Israel Defense Forces on June 7, 1967 

;Photographs
*Wailing Wall to Western Wall (1960s) 
*Photographs of the Western Wall (Summer 2007) 
*Western Wall virtual tour (December 2007)
Mini Israel

**Mini Israel** () is a miniature park located in Ayalon Valley, near Latrun, Israel. The park is in shape of the star of David. It has 385 models over  and a small shopping mall and exhibition hall. The park opened in 2002 and was officially opened on April 7, 2003. 

## Other websites 
* Mini Israel - Official website
Chicago River

**The Chicago River** is 156 miles long (251&nbsp;km) and goes through the city of Chicago, Illinois, including the center of the city (the Chicago Loop). The river is not long, but it is known for being the reason why Chicago became an important place, as the connection between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley waterways. The river is the only river in the world to be reversed by civil engineering.

## History
In the 19th century through civil engineering, the flow of the river was reversed to head toward the Mississippi River basin, away from Lake Michigan. This was done for reasons of sanitation through the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The Chicago River is also noted for the local custom of dyeing it green on St. Patrick's Day. The tradition of dyeing the river green happened by accident in 1961 when plumbers used fluorescein dye to trace sources of illegal pollution discharges. Now, the river is dyed using forty pounds of powdered vegetable dye for environmental safety reasons. The river is controlled for boats or ships going through the river.

The river is memorialized, in part, by two horizontal blue stripes on the Municipal Flag of Chicago. The river also serves as inspiration for one of Chicago's symbols: a three-branched, Y-shaped symbol (called the municipal device) is found on many buildings and other structures throughout Chicago; it represents the three branches of the Chicago River.

## Main Stem
]]
]]
The Main Stem flows 1.5 miles (2.4&nbsp;km) west from the direction at Lake Michigan; passing under the Outer Drive, Columbus Drive, Michigan Avenue, Wabash Avenue, State Street, Dearborn Street, Clark Street, La Salle Street, Wells Street, and Franklin Street bridges en route to the North Branch at Wolf Point.

At McClurg Court it passes the Nicholas J Melas Centennial Fountain, which was built in 1989 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago; between May and October the fountain sends an arc of water over the river for ten minutes every hour.

For the Chicago Cubs rally and parade for their 2016 World Series Championship celebrations, the river was dyed Cubs blue.

### North bank
On the north bank of the river, near the Chicago Landmark Michigan Avenue Bridge, is Pioneer Court, which marks the site where Jean Baptiste Point du Sable came to Chicago. Point du Sable is known as the founder of Chicago. On the south bank of the river is the site of Fort Dearborn. Well known buildings surrounding this area include the NBC Tower, the Tribune Tower, and the Wrigley Building.

### Center
The river turns slightly to the south west between Michigan Avenue and State Street, passing the Trump International Hotel and Tower, 35 East Wacker, and 330 North Wabash. Turning west again the river passes Marina City, the Reid, Murdoch & Co. Building, Merchandise Mart, and 333 Wacker Drive.

## References
## Other websites
*Friends of the Chicago River 
*GreenChicagoRiver.com 
*Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago
Haifa International Airport

**Haifa Michaelli Airport** (, '''') is an international airport in Haifa, Israel. It is located close to Kishon Port and the coast of the Gulf of Haifa. This is the second-largest airport in Israel after Ben Gurion International Airport. The airport also has flights to the Middle East and Europe.

## Other websites 
*Haifa International Airport
*Haifa at Airports Worldwide
Bengali nationalism

**Bengali nationalism** is the political expression of ethno-national consciousness of the Bengali people. These people live in the region of Bengal. The territory is divided between Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Creation of Bangladesh
The Bengali Language Movement and its fallout had created a lot of cultural and political hostility between the two parts of Pakistan. Despite making up a majority of the Pakistani population, Bengalis were only a small part of Pakistan's military, police and civil services. Ethnic and socio-economic discrimination against Bengali people in East Pakistan made them angry. Because West Pakistanis were influenced by Perso-Arabic culture, they saw Bengali culture as too closely associated with Hindu culture. One of the first groups demanding the independence of East Pakistan was the Swadhin Bangal Biplobi Parishad (Free Bengal Revolutionary Council).

## References
Carolina de Moras

**Carolina Andrea de Moras Alvarado** (born 24 February 1981) is a Chilean model, actress and television presenter.

## Cinema 
## Television 
### Programs 
### TV Series 
### Specials 
* 2010-2011 : *Telethon Chile* (ANATEL) : TV Presenter

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Rockefeller Center

**Rockefeller Center** is a group of buildings covering  between 48th and 51st streets in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. The buildings connect together underground. An ice-skating rink is located in the middle. Rockefeller Center also has a  skyscraper called 30 Rockefeller Plaza.

Rockefeller Center was made by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. during the Great Depression in the 1930s between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue. Construction finished in 1939. It is decorated in Art Deco style. It became a National Historic Place in December 1987. In the 1970s, more buildings were made to the west of Sixth Avenue.

## References
## Other websites
* rockefellercenter.com, the center's official website
* Guide to Rockefeller Center 
* The Rockefeller Group
Coquitlam

**Coquitlam** is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is part of the Metro Vancouver area. As of 2021, 148,625 people lived there. In 2016, the population was 139,284. Between 2016 and 2021 the population grew by 6.7%. The mayor of Coquitlam is Richard Stewart.

The Coast Salish people occupied the territory for at least 9,000 years before Simon Fraser came through the region in 1808. Europeans settled in Coquitlam during 1859.

The city of Coquitlam was named a *Cultural Capital of Canada* in 2009 by the Department of Canadian Heritage.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website
Transamerica Pyramid

**The Transamerica Pyramid** is the second tallest skyscraper in the San Francisco skyline and one of its most iconic. The building is the headquarters of the Transamerica Corporation, it is still strongly part of the company and is part of the company's logo. Designed by architect William Pereira and built by Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company, at 260&nbsp;m (850&nbsp;ft). When the building was finished in 1972 it was among the five tallest buildings in the world. The tower has no public access except for the first floor lobby, so this means that visitors cannot go to the top for a skyline view.

## References
## Other websites
* The Pyramid Center official website 
* About the Pyramid  - Transamerica Corporation
* Transamerica Pyramid at PropertyShark
Jerusalem International Airport

**Jerusalem International Airport** (or **Atarot Airport**) was an airport north of Jerusalem, near Ramallah. It was the first airport in the British Mandate of Palestine. It has been closed since the Second Intifada, in 2010.

## Gallery 

Arkia 4X-ASR at Jerusalem.jpg
Jerusalem airport Atarot 2010.jpg

## Other websites 
* Jerusalem Airport  in lowshot website
Nimravides

***Nimravides*** was a prehistoric saber-toothed cat which lived in North America during the middle and late Miocene. Despite its scientific name *Nimravides* does not belong to the Nimravidae, but belongs to the family Felidae.

The earlier species of the genus are smaller and more primitive than the later forms. The tiger-sized *Nimravides catacopsis* resembles the primitive *Machairodus aphanistus*, a species known from the late Miocene of Eurasia.

***Felinae**
**†*Nimravides*
***†*Nimravides nimravidus*
***†*Nimravides catacopsis*
***†*Nimravides pedionomus*
***†*Nimravides hibbardi*
***†*Nimravides galiani*
***†*Nimravides thinobates*

## References
## Other websites 
*Nimravides galiani  
*Nimravides thinobates
*Nimravides hibbardi
*Nimravides
*Nimravides pedionomus 
*N. catacopis 
*Nimravides List
Jorge Zabaleta

** Jorge Antonio Zabaleta Briceño ** (born April 18, 1970 in Santiago) is a famous Chilean actor. He is the son of the musician Antonio Zabaleta and the nephew of Miguel Zabaleta, both members of the duo Red Juniors.

Jorge worked in Canal 13 until 2008, when he joined TVN working in Hijos del Monte.

## Filmography
## Other websites
*
Jerusalem Light Rail

The **Jerusalem Light Rail** (, '''') is a light rail line in Jerusalem. It was opened in 2011. It began being built in 2002 and was finished in 2010 after many failures and bankruptcy of the construction company. The line is 22.5 kilometers long with 35 stops. The last extensions to the red line were opened in February 2025 to the Neve Yaakov to the northeast and to Hadassah Ein Kerem Hospital to the southwest. The light rail is famous for the Chords Bridge at the western entrance to Jerusalem from Road 1.

## Gallery 

Light Railway Jaffa Street.jpg|Tram on Jaffa Road
Jerusalem Light Rail 04.jpg|Tram stop Ha-Turim on Jaffa Road
JE Chords Bridge 01.jpg|Chords Bridge
Jerusalem Entrance Bridge.JPG|Chords Bridge

## Other websites 
*CityPass Operator's website 
*Governmental Website 
*Jerusalem Light Rail on urbanrail.net 
*From Mule Tracks to Light Rail Transit Tracks: Integrating Modern Infrastructure into an Ancient City — Jerusalem, Israel
Carmelit

The **Carmelit** () is the first and currently the only rapid transit rail system in Israel. It opened in 1959 after three years of building. It is the oldest metro system and funicular system in the Middle East. The Carmelit has closed down for repairs three times. It was closed from 1986 to 1992 for renovations. The metro has only one line, which runs from Haifa's port to Mount Carmel. It runs  from sea level up to an altitude of , with a total of six stations.

The system is named after Mount Carmel.

## Gallery 

File:The New Carmelit 08-10-2018.jpg
File:Carmelit 2018 car seats.jpg
File:CarmelitP4120027.JPG
File:270 2010-09-06 07-57-45 Carmelit.JPG

## Related pages
* Cable cars in Haifa

## References
## Other websites 
*Official Carmelit information (in Hebrew). Also available on the municipality's site.
* Urbanrail - Haifa Carmelit (in English)
*
Jerusalem Historical City Hall Building

The **Jerusalem historical town hall** is a historical building that used to be the town hall of Jerusalem. It is in Safra Square, next to the walls of the Old City and Jaffa Street. The building was built in 1930 during the time of the British Mandate for Palestine. It was used until 1993, when a new city hall building was opened next to the old one.

## Other websites 
* photos of the old city hall  in allaboutjerusalem site.