July 30

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 634 &ndash; Battle of Ajnadayn: Byzantine Empire forces under Theodore are defeated by the Rashidun Caliphate near Beit Shemesh in present-day Israel.
* 762 &ndash; Baghdad is founded.
* 1419 &ndash; First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill 7 members of the Prague city council.
* 1502 &ndash; Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay of Islands off present-day Honduras during his fourth voyage.
* 1619 &ndash; Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative factory in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, meets for the first time.
* 1629 &ndash; An earthquake in Naples, Italy, kills around 10,000 people.
* 1635 &ndash; Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins. Frederick Henry, Prince Orange begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish army.
* 1656 &ndash; Swedish forces under Charles X Gustaf of Sweden defeat forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.
* 1676 &ndash; Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the people of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion, against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
* 1729 &ndash; The city of Baltimore in Maryland is founded.
* 1775 &ndash; James Cook returns to England from his second voyage to the Pacific Ocean.
* 1792 &ndash; La Marseillaise, the current national anthem of France, is sung for the first time.
* 1811 &ndash; The Mexican revolutionary Miguel Hidalgo is executed.
* 1859 &ndash; First successful climb of Grand Combin in the Alps.
* 1863 &ndash; American Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, agreeing to stop the harassment of emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.
* 1864 &ndash; American Civil War: Battle of the Crater – Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
* 1865 &ndash; The steamboat *Brother Jonathan* sinks off Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers.
* 1871 &ndash; The Staten Island ferry *Westfield*'s boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1912 &ndash; Emperor Meiji of Japan dies, being succeeded by his son Yoshihito, now known as Emperor Taisho.
* 1917 &ndash; An earthquake in China kills around 1,800 people.
* 1930 &ndash; Uruguay wins the first FIFA World Cup, beating Argentina 4–2 in the final.
* 1932 &ndash; The 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, begin.
* 1932 &ndash; Walt Disney's "Flowers and Trees" is shown for the first time. It is the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award–winning short.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS *Indianapolis*, killing 883 people.
* 1956 &ndash; 'In God We Trust' becomes the national motto of the United States.
* 1962 &ndash; The Trans–Canada Highway opens.
* 1965 &ndash; In the US, the Medicare insurance programme for senior citizens is signed into law.
* 1966 &ndash; England wins the FIFA World Cup, beating West Germany 4–2, in a match that included the disputed Wembley Goal.
* 1971 &ndash; An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 aircraft and a Japanese Air Force F-86 plane collide over Morioka, Japan, killing 162 people.
* 1971 &ndash; Apollo program: Apollo 15 mission – David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module *Falcon* land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover.
* 1975 &ndash; Teamsters Union President Jimmy Hoffa disappears from a suburb of Detroit, Michigan, and is never seen or heard from again.
* 1978 &ndash; Car traffic in Okinawa switches from the right to the left side of the road.
* 1980 &ndash; The New Hebrides become independent, and change their name to Vanuatu.
* 1991 &ndash; Luciano Pavarotti celebrates 30 years in opera by giving a free concert in Hyde Park, London.
* 2000 &ndash; Norway gifts the Heimaey Stave Church to Iceland to mark the country's 1000 years of Christianity.

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; The last Old Style Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line in Mexico.
* 2004 &ndash; Gas pipeline explodes in the village of Ghislenghien in Belgium, killing 24 people and injuring 132.
* 2006 &ndash; The BBC music programme Top of the Pops is shown for the last time, after a run of more than 42 years.
* 2006 &ndash; The Israeli air force bombs the town of Qana in Lebanon, killing 28 people.
* 2007 &ndash; Movie directors Michelangelo Antonioni and Ingmar Bergman die on the same day as each other.
* 2008 &ndash; Radovan Karadzic is transferred to The Hague after being arrested on war crimes charges.
* 2009 &ndash; A bomb explodes in Palma Nova, Mallorca, killing 2 police officers. ETA carried out the attack.
* 2012 &ndash; A massive power grid failure affects 22 states and over 700 million people in northern India.
* 2012 &ndash; A train fire in Andhra Pradesh, India, kills 32 people.
* 2017 &ndash; Russian President Vladimir Putin expels 755 American diplomats in response to US sanctions against Russia.
* 2018 &ndash; Parliamentary and Presidential elections are held in Zimbabwe, the first ones to take place since the resignation of Robert Mugabe.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1470 &ndash; Hongzhi Emperor of China's Ming Dynasty (d. 1505)
* 1511 &ndash; Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, writer and architect (d. 1574)
* 1549 &ndash; Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1609)
* 1641 &ndash; Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673)
* 1683 &ndash; Countess Sophie of Erbach-Erbach, German aristocrat (d. 1742)
* 1751 &ndash; Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian musician (d. 1829)
* 1763 &ndash; Samuel Rogers, English poet (d. 1855)
* 1813 &ndash; William Spurrell, Welsh printer and publisher (d. 1889)
* 1818 &ndash; Emily Brontë, English writer (d. 1848)
* 1818 &ndash; Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1897)
* 1825 &ndash; Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian inventor, academic and memoirs writer (d. 1893)
* 1832 &ndash; George Lemuel Woods, American lawyer, judge and politician, 3rd Governor of Oregon (d. 1890)
* 1833 &ndash; Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (d. 1896)
* 1855 &ndash; Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1919)
* 1856 &ndash; Richard Burton Haldane, Scottish philosopher, lawyer and statesman (d. 1928)
* 1857 &ndash; Thorstein Veblen, American political economist (d. 1929)
* 1863 &ndash; Henry Ford, American industrialist (d. 1947)
* 1872 &ndash; Princess Clementine of Belgium (d. 1955)
* 1881 &ndash; Smedley Butler, American marine general (d. 1940)
* 1887 &ndash; Marquard Schwarz, American swimmer (d. 1968)
* 1888 &ndash; Werner Jaeger, German classical philologist (d. 1961)
* 1888 &ndash; Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (d. 1982)
* 1890 &ndash; Casey Stengel, American baseball manager (d. 1975)
* 1893 &ndash; Fatimah Jinnah, sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (d. 1967)
* 1895 &ndash; Wanda Hawley, American actress (d. 1963)
* 1898 &ndash; Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Alfred Lepine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1955)
* 1904 &ndash; Salvador Novo, Mexican writer (d. 1974)
* 1909 &ndash; C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and writer (d. 1993)
* 1910 &ndash; Edgar de Evia, Mexican-American photographer (d. 2003)
* 1914 &ndash; Lord Killanin, Irish Olympic official (d. 1999)
* 1915 &ndash; Francisco Urcuyo Maliaños, Nicaraguan politician (d. 2001)
* 1919 &ndash; Berniece Baker Miracle, American author
* 1920 &ndash; Marie Tharp, American scientist (d. 2006)
* 1925 &ndash; Antoine Duhamel, French composer (d. 2014)
* 1925 &ndash; Jacques Sernas, Lithuanian-French actor (d. 2015)
* 1925 &ndash; Stan Stennett, Welsh actor (d. 2013)
* 1926 &ndash; Martin Nag, Norwegian writer (d. 2015)
* 1927 &ndash; Tony Hiller, British songwriter (d. 2018)
* 1927 &ndash; Richard Johnson, English actor, writer and producer (d. 2015)
* 1927 &ndash; Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001)
* 1928 &ndash; Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster
* 1928 &ndash; Chris Howland, British-German singer, presenter, actor and writer (d. 2013)
* 1930 &ndash; Tony Lip, American actor (d. 2013)
* 1934 &ndash; Bud Selig, American businessman and Commissioner of Baseball
* 1936 &ndash; Buddy Guy, American Blues guitarist and singer
* 1936 &ndash; Infanta Pilar of Spain
* 1938 &ndash; Hervé de Charette, French politician
* 1939 &ndash; Peter Bogdanovich, American director
* 1940 &ndash; Clive Sinclair, English entrepreneur and inventor
* 1941 &ndash; Paul Anka, Lebanese-Canadian singer
* 1943 &ndash; Giovanni Goria, 46th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1994)
* 1943 &ndash; Giuseppe Versaldi, Italian cardinal
* 1944 &ndash; Peter Bottomley, English politician
* 1944 &ndash; Frances de la Tour, English actress
* 1945 &ndash; Patrick Modiano, French novelist
* 1945 &ndash; David Sanborn, American jazz saxophonist
* 1947 &ndash; Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, French virologist and Nobel Prize winner
* 1947 &ndash; Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born actor, bodybuilder and former Governor of California
* 1947 &ndash; William Atherton, American actor
* 1948 &ndash; Jean Reno, Moroccan-French actor
* 1948 &ndash; James H. Burnley IV, American politician
* 1950 &ndash; Harriet Harman, British politician
* 1950 &ndash; Frank Stallone, American singer

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1954 &ndash; Ken Olin, American actor, producer and actor
* 1955 &ndash; Christopher Warren-Green, English violinist and conductor
* 1957 &ndash; Bill Cartwright, American basketball player
* 1957 &ndash; Nery Pumpido, Argentine footballer
* 1958 &ndash; Kate Bush, British singer
* 1958 &ndash; Daley Thompson, British athlete
* 1958 &ndash; Neal McCoy, American singer-songwriter
* 1959 &ndash; Petra Felke, German athlete
* 1960 &ndash; Jennifer Barnes, American-English musicologist and academic
* 1960 &ndash; Richard Linklater, American director
* 1961 &ndash; Laurence Fishburne, American actor
* 1962 &ndash; Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (d. 2015)
* 1963 &ndash; Lisa Kudrow, American actress
* 1963 &ndash; Chris Mullin, American basketball player
* 1964 &ndash; Jürgen Klinsmann, German footballer
* 1964 &ndash; Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-American director
* 1966 &ndash; Craig Gannon, English guitarist and songwriter
* 1966 &ndash; Lisa Madigan, American politician
* 1968 &ndash; Sean Moore, Welsh musician (Manic Street Preachers)
* 1968 &ndash; Robert Korzeniowski, Polish race walker
* 1968 &ndash; Terry Crews, American actor
* 1968 &ndash; Sofie Grabol, Danish actress
* 1969 &ndash; Simon Baker, Australian-American actor
* 1969 &ndash; Errol Stewart, South African cricketer and lawyer
* 1970 &ndash; Alun Cairns, Welsh politician
* 1970 &ndash; Christopher Nolan, English movie director
* 1971 &ndash; Claude Dambury, French footballer
* 1971 &ndash; Tom Green, American actor and comedian
* 1971 &ndash; Christine Taylor, American actress
* 1973 &ndash; Sonu Nigam, Indian singer
* 1973 &ndash; Dean Edwards, American actor and comedian
* 1973 &ndash; Clementa C. Pinckney, American pastor and politician (d. 2015)
* 1974 &ndash; Hilary Swank, American actress
* 1974 &ndash; Jason Robinson, English rugby player

### From 1976 
* 1977 &ndash; Diana Bolocco, Chilean model and journalist
* 1977 &ndash; Misty May-Treanor, American volleyball player and coach
* 1977 &ndash; Derek Mackay, Scottish politician
* 1977 &ndash; Ian Watkins, Welsh singer
* 1977 &ndash; Jaime Pressly, American actress
* 1979 &ndash; Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish golfer
* 1980 &ndash; Justin Rose, English golfer
* 1981 &ndash; Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer (d. 2017)
* 1981 &ndash; Hope Solo, American soccer player
* 1981 &ndash; Lisa Goldstein, American actress
* 1982 &ndash; Yvonne Strahovski, Australian actress
* 1982 &ndash; James Anderson, English cricketer
* 1983 &ndash; Sean Dillon, Irish footballer
* 1985 &ndash; Daniel Friedheim Holm, Norwegian footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Lara Jean Marshall, English-Australian actress, singer and dancer
* 1990 &ndash; Coco Sumner, British singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1991 &ndash; Diana Vickers, British singer
* 1992 &ndash; Fabiano Caruana, American chess player
* 1992 &ndash; Hannah Cockroft, British Paralympic athlete
* 1993 &ndash; Miho Miyazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48)
* 1995 &ndash; Jorge Cori, Peruvian chess player
* 1995 &ndash; Hirving Lozano, Mexican footballer
* 1999 &ndash; Joey King, American actress
* 2002 &ndash; Prince Hridayendra of Nepal, Nepalese Royal

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 578 &ndash; Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa
* 579 &ndash; Pope Benedict I
* 734 &ndash; Tatwine, Archbishop of Canterbury
* 1540 &ndash; Thomas Abel, English priest and martyr (b. 1497)
* 1540 &ndash; Robert Barnes, English martyr and reformer (b. 1495)
* 1652 &ndash; Charles Amédée de Savoie, 6th Duc de Nemours, French soldier (b. 1624)
* 1680 &ndash; Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory, Irish naval commander (b. 1634)
* 1683 &ndash; Maria Theresa of Spain, queen of Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
* 1691 &ndash; Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)
* 1715 &ndash; Nahum Tate, Irish poet (b. 1652)
* 1718 &ndash; William Penn, English founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1644)
* 1771 &ndash; Thomas Gray, English poet and letter-writer (b. 1716)
* 1789 &ndash; Giovanna Bonanno, Italian poisoner and alleged witch (b. 1713)
* 1811 &ndash; Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1753)
* 1875 &ndash; George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825)
* 1898 &ndash; Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor (b. 1815)
* 1900 &ndash; Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1908 &ndash; James Budd, Governor of California (b. 1851)
* 1912 &ndash; Emperor Meiji, Japanese emperor (b. 1852)
* 1918 &ndash; Joyce Kilmer, American poet (b. 1886)
* 1927 &ndash; Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner (b. 1848)
* 1930 &ndash; Joan Gamper, Swiss-Catalan businessman (b. 1877)
* 1938 &ndash; John Derbyshire, English swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878)
* 1947 &ndash; Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)
* 1949 &ndash; Stoyan Danev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1858)
* 1965 &ndash; Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, Japanese writer (b. 1886)
* 1970 &ndash; George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)
* 1971 &ndash; Kenneth Slessor, Australian poet (b. 1901)
* 1978 &ndash; Umberto Nobile, Italian airship pioneer (b. 1885)
* 1983 &ndash; Lynn Fontanne, stage and movie actress (b. 1887)
* 1985 &ndash; Julia Hall Bowman Robinson, American mathematician (b. 1919)
* 1986 &ndash; John N. Dalton, American politician, Governor of Virginia (b. 1931)
* 1992 &ndash; Joe Shuster, Canadian comic artist (b. 1914)
* 1992 &ndash; Brenda Marshall, American actress (b. 1915)
* 1996 &ndash; Claudette Colbert, French-American actress (b. 1903)
* 1996 &ndash; Magda Schneider, German actress and singer (b. 1909)
* 1997 &ndash; Bao Dai, Vietnamese Emperor (b. 1913)
* 1998 &ndash; Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (b. 1917)

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Anton Schwarzkopf, German engineer (b. 1924)
* 2003 &ndash; Sam Phillips, American record producer (b. 1923)
* 2005 &ndash; John Garang, South Sudanese politician (b. 1945)
* 2006 &ndash; Murray Bookchin, American Libertarian socialist (b. 1921)
* 2007 &ndash; Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian movie director (b. 1912)
* 2007 &ndash; Ingmar Bergman, Swedish movie director (b. 1918)
* 2007 &ndash; Teoctist Arapasu, Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (b. 1915)
* 2008 &ndash; Anne Armstrong, American diplomat (b. 1927)
* 2009 &ndash; Peter Zadek, German theatre director (b. 1926)
* 2009 &ndash; Mohammed Yusuf, Nigerian Islamist militant (Boko Haram) (b. 1970)
* 2011 &ndash; Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (b. 1915)
* 2012 &ndash; Chris Marker, French movie maker (b. 1921)
* 2012 &ndash; Maeve Binchy, Irish writer (b. 1940)
* 2013 &ndash; Harry F. Byrd, Jr., American politician (b. 1914)
* 2013 &ndash; Antoni Ramallets, Catalan-Spanish footballer (b. 1924)
* 2013 &ndash; Robert Neelly Bellah, American sociologist (b. 1927)
* 2014 &ndash; Julio Grondona, Argentine football executive (b. 1931)
* 2014 &ndash; Dick Wagner, American rock guitarist (b. 1942)
* 2014 &ndash; Dick Smith, American special effects make-up artist (b. 1922)
* 2014 &ndash; Peter Hall, British urban planner (b. 1932)
* 2014 &ndash; Harun Farocki, German filmmaker and author (b. 1944)
* 2014 &ndash; Manfred Roeder, German Wehrmacht soldier and far-right activist (b. 1929)
* 2015 &ndash; Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (b. 1962)
* 2015 &ndash; Lynn Anderson, American country singer (b. 1947)
* 2015 &ndash; Jerome Kohlberg, Jr., American businessman (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; Alana Vrzanova, Czech figure skater (b. 1931)
* 2017 &ndash; Tato Cifuentes, Chilean-born Argentine actor and singer (b. 1925)
* 2017 &ndash; Ciro Cirillo, Italian politician (b. 1921)
* 2017 &ndash; H. Sayeeduddin Dagar, Indian singer (b. 1939)
* 2017 &ndash; Paulo Garcia, Brazilian politician (b. 1959)
* 2017 &ndash; Slim Mahfoudh, Tunisian actor (b. 1942)
* 2018 &ndash; Andreas Kappes, German cyclist (b. 1965)
* 2018 &ndash; Khayyam Mirzazade, Azerbaijani composer and professor (b. 1935)
* 2018 &ndash; Ron Dellums, American politician (b. 1935)
* 2018 &ndash; Michael A. Sheehan, American author (b. 1955)
* 2019 &ndash; Marcian Bleahu, Romanian geologist, writer and politician (b. 1924)

## Observances 
* Independence Day (Vanuatu)
* International Friendship Day
* Throne Day (Morocco)