open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dielectric

In electromagnetism, a **dielectric** (or **dielectric material** or **dielectric medium**) is an electrical insulator that can be polarized when the insulator is in an electric field.

Dielectric materials include types of glass, mica, bakelite, plexiglass, and kinds of paper,. Dielectric materials reduce the overall electric field, like when one of these materials is inserted in a capacitor. This happens because of polarization in dielectric material. Charges are induced in dielectric materials being used which creates an opposite electric field, resulting in the lowering of the **ELECTRIC FIELD it is in.** Generally, positive charges are induced in negative plates and vice versa, and so a dielectric material reduces the overall electric field,. How it does that is normally represented as the "dielectric constant" (generally represented as "k", in equations), as a result **POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE** is also reduced by "dielectric constant" times, specifically; if dielectric is inserted in capacitors then new capacitance becomes "dielectric constant" times the original capacitance.

## Examples (or practical dielectrics)
Dielectric materials can be solids, liquids, or gases. (A high vacuum can also be a useful, nearly lossless dielectric; However its relative dielectric constant is only unity.

Solid dielectrics are perhaps the most commonly used dielectrics in electrical engineering. Many solids are very good insulators. Some examples include porcelain, glass, and most plastics. Air, nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride are the three most commonly used gaseous dielectrics (or gases that are in use as dielectrics).

## Related pages 
* Capacitor

## References
Eppenschlag

**Eppenschlag** is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany.

## References
Inauguration of Herbert Hoover

The **inauguration of Herbert Hoover** as the 31st president of the United States happened on March 4, 1929. It was the start of the only term of Herbert Hoover as president and Charles Curtis as vice president.  

A public ceremony happened on the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The event was the 36th presidential inauguration. 

This was the first inauguration to be recorded by sound newsreels. It was also the second inauguration in which a former president gave the oath of office to a new president. 

Chief Justice and former President William Howard Taft administered the oath of office to Hoover. Charles G. Dawes administered the vice presidential oath of office to Curtis. 

During the oath taking for Hoover, Taft misspoke and said the phrase "preserve, maintain, and defend," instead of "preserve, protect, and defend". A 13-year-old schoolgirl from Walden, New York, caught the error and wrote to the Chief Justice to tell him.

## References
## Other websites
*Video of Hoover's Inauguration (Reel 1) (via YouTube)
*Text of Hoover's Inaugural Address
Freyung, Bavaria

**Freyung** is a town in Bavaria, Germany, capital of the Freyung-Grafenau district. It is in the Bavarian Forest mountain range, near the border with Austria and the Czech Republic.

## Geography
The town is on the southeastern rim of the Bavarian Forest National Park near the confluence of the Saußbach and Reschbach creeks. The town centre is about  north of Passau.

## Twin towns
Freyung is twinned with
* Vimperk, Czech Republic
* Seewalchen am Attersee, Austria

## Notable people
*Severin Freund (born 1988), ski jumper
*Shkemb Miftari (born 1993), footballer

## References
Philippsreut

**Philippsreut** is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the border with the Czech Republic.

## References
Grafenau, Bavaria

**Grafenau** is a town in the Freyung-Grafenau district, in Bavaria, Germany. 32&nbsp;km north of Passau, the town is in the Bavarian Forest and is the base of the Bavarian Forest National Park Authority. Grafenau is a holiday destination with a variety of kinds of accommodation from self-catering apartments to a "holiday village".

## Place and facilities
The town is in the Bavarian Forest at a height between 600 and 700 meters over sea level, right beside the Bavarian Forest National Park. The Kleine Ohe river  flows along the east and south of the town. It is close to the Frauenberg.

In April 1945, Major General Stafford LeRoy Irwin opened his XII Corps Headquarters there.

Since 1976 there has been an artificial lake (surrounded by a park) which is used for sport and recreation.

There are museums about the town and surrounding area, including a museum with a collection of traditional furniture, and also a museum about snuff.

The town has curling and ice skating rinks (which are seasonal), and ski drag lifts in an area which in summer months is used for bobsleds. There is also a golf course.

There is a Catholic church, a railway terminus, and a bus station, in addition to a range of hotels, shops, and garage facilities for motorists.

## Gallery
## Personalities 
* Alfred Edel (1932-1993), actor, was buried in Grafenau.

## Twin towns
Grafenau is twinned with:
*  Kašperské Hory (Bergreichenstein), Czech Republic
*  Schärding, Austria

## References
Hinterschmiding

**Hinterschmiding** is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany. Populated places in the municipality include Vorderschmiding.

## References
Wollaberg

**Wollaberg** is a small town in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany.

## Geography 
Wollaberg is in the southern Bavarian Forest, not far from the Czech and Austrian borders. It is not far from Passau, the gateway to the Bavarian Forest. It is placed at an altitude of 769 m above sea level and has about 500 residents. Wollaberg is one of the seven so-called artists villages in the region. The local population is predominantly Catholic.
Saldenburg

**Saldenburg** is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany.

The municipality contains the following 30 villages and locations: 

## References
Neuschönau

**Neuschönau** is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau, in the Lower Bavaria region of Bavaria, in Germany.

## Points of interest
* Botanischer Garten der Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald  — *botanical garden*.
* Lusen National Park Centre
**Baumwipfelpfad Neuschönau — *tall contemporary wooden tower, with a spiral ramp for treetop walking*.
**Hans-Eisenmann-Haus — *visitor centre*.

## Gallery

File:Neuschönau - Badesee mit Blick auf den Ort 02.jpg|Panorama of Neuschönau Municipality.
File:Pfarrkirche Neuschönau.JPG|Saint Anne parish church, Neuschönau — a Cultural Heritage monument.
File:Großer Rachel, Herbst 2009.JPG|Panorama of Neuschönau Municipality: mountain Großer Rachel
File:Neuschönau - Hans-Eisenmann-Haus,Lusen- Infozentrum.jpg|Hans-Eisenmann-Haus visitor centre, footbridge to *Baumwipfelpfad Neuschönau* (right).
File:Baumturm, Baumwipfelpfad Neuschönau.JPG|*Baumwipfelpfad Neuschönau* — wooden tower profile.
File:Baumwipfelpfad Neuschönau - K.JPG|*Baumwipfelpfad Neuschönau* — walkway ramps into the tree tops.
File:Neuschönau - Baumturm 02.jpg|*Baumwipfelpfad Neuschönau* — walkway ramps into the tree tops.

## References
Spiegelau

**Spiegelau** is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany. It is in the heart of the Bavarian Forest.

## Subdivisions 
There are 33 villages in the municipality:

There are also the *Gemarkungen* of Spiegelau, Oberkreuzberg and Klingenbrunn.

## Transport
Spiegelau is on Zwiesel–Grafenau railway and its station was formerly the junction to the Spiegelau Forest Railway which supporting the major logging industry in the area.

## Related pages
*Bavarian Forest National Park

## References
Thurmansbang

**Thurmansbang** is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany.

## References
Oberkreuzberg

**Oberkreuzberg** is a village in the municipality of Spiegelau in the Lower Bavarian district of Freyung-Grafenau in Germany. Until 1978 it was an independent municipality .

## Place 
The parish village (*Pfarrdorf*) is at a height of 780 metres about 2 kilometres southwest of Spiegelau on the southern side of a mountain ridge up to 790 metres high with good views.

## Literature 
* Ulrich Pietrusky, Donatus Moosauer: *Der Bayerische Wald – im Fluge neu entdeckt*, Verlag Morsak, Grafenau, 1985, 
* Helmut Döringer: *Vor 25 Jahren wurde Oberkreuzberg zu einem Teil der Gemeinde Spiegelau*

## References
Waldkirchen

**Waldkirchen** is the biggest town in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Germany.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jack Kiddey

**John William Francis Kiddey** was born 5 July 1929 in Christchurch and died 13 November 2021 in Christchurch. He is a New Zealand former cricketer who played for Canterbury in the Plunket Shield.

## Other websites
* 
* Jack Kiddey at CricketArchive
Wakhi language

**Wakhi** is an eastern Iranic language spoken in northern Pakistan, northern Afghanistan and southwestern China. It belongs to the northeastern subgrouping of the Eastern Iranic languages.

## Related pages
*Languages of Pakistan
*Languages of Afghanistan
*Languages of China

## References
Zenting

**Zenting** is a municipality in the Freyung-Grafenau district in Bavaria in Germany.

## Place 
The municipality is in the Danube Forest (*Donau-Wald*) in the middle of the Bavarian Forest. The village is near the Austrian and Czech borders. The Brotjacklriegel (1,016&nbsp;m) and Aschenstein (945&nbsp;m) mountains are to the north. Zenting is around 35&nbsp;km NW of Passau, 13&nbsp;km from Tittling, 18&nbsp;km SW of  Grafenau, 26&nbsp;km N of Vilshofen an der Donau and 15&nbsp;km from the A 3 (Iggensbach exit).

## References
Percy Pig

**Percy Pig** is a British brand of pig-shaped gummy sweets by Marks & Spencer introduced in 1992. There are raspberry, strawberry, cherry and grape flavours. Katjes makes them in Germany. More than 10,000,000 bags are sold a year, making Marks & Spencer more than £10,000,000. They contain just under 3.5% fruit juice and are vegetarian.

There were 100, 200, and 400 gram versions until 2008. There are now 100, 170 and 500 gram versions.

## History
Percy Pig was introduced in 1992. There were strawberry, blackcurrant and raspberry flavours.

There is a Percy Pig community on Facebook, which has 250,000 members.

## Ingredients
Percy Pig sweets once contained gelatin from pigs.

In 2016, some versions of Percy Pig sweets started to not use gelatine. All Percy Pig sweets have been vegetarian since May 2019, instead using pectin. New logos and packaging designs were made.

## Variations
New versions, flavours and characters came out because Percy Pig was successful. "Percy Pig & Pals", one of the first, also has cows (cola flavour), sheep (orange and strawberry flavour) and "Percy Piglets" (smaller versions) inside. Percy Pig's girlfriend, Penny Pig (lemon flavour), came out in 2010. ice cream, dessert sauces mince pies and more. A Percy Pig advent calendar came back in 2020 after there was not 2018 and 2019 ones. There are also non-food items, such as toys, books, socks, party items, bed linen and piggy banks.

### Sweets
* Percy Pig
* Percy Pig Original Veggie (previously Veggie Percy)
* Reduced Sugar Percy Pig
* Percy Pig Piglets
* Phizzy Pig Tails
* Percy Pig and Pals
* Percy Pig Loves Penny (previously Percy and Penny)
* Percy Pig Goes Globetrotting (previously Globetrotting Percy)
* Percy Pig Fruity Chews
* Percy Pig Phizzy Chews
* Percy Pig Party Time

#### Seasonal
* Percy Meets The Easter Bunny (Easter)
* Percy Pig Gets Spooky (previously "Pumpkin Percy"; Halloween)
* Merry Percymas! (Christmas)

#### Discontinued
* Rosy Noses (pig noses)
* Reversy Percy (foam ears and jelly faces)
* Percy's Pig Pen (filled liquorice sticks)
* Percy in a Twist (twisted fizzy laces, vegetarian)
* Percy in the Pink (chocolate)
* Percy's Pig Sty (household objects)
* Percy's Percynalities (different faces)
* Percy's Family Mix (Percy Pigs, Penny Pigs and Percy Piglets in one bag)
* Percy's Parents

### Similar sweets
Other shops sell similar sweets. Some in the United Kingdom are "Eric the Elephant" by Sainsbury's, "Cool Cats" by Tesco, "Stanley Snail" and "Fredrick Frog" by Asda, "Henry Hippo" by Lidl (vegan) and "Dinky Dogs" by Poundland (released in 2019, not vegetarian).

Some outside the United Kingdom are "Juiced Up" in Canada (introduced 2009), "Fred Ferkel" in Germany, "Katja Biggetjes" in the Netherlands, "Petit Cochon" in France (introduced 2007) and "Peggy Pig and Pals" in Australia (introduced in Coles Supermarkets in 2009).

## References
## Other websites
* Percy Pig Gift Set from Marks and Spencer
Giuseppe Bisi

**Giuseppe Bisi** (Genoa, April 10, 1787 - Varese, October 28, 1869) was an Italian painter, chancellery of the viceroy Eugene of Beauharnais, Professor of the Brera Academy since 1838.

## Biography 
Son of the painter and modeler Tommaso Bisi (Genoa 1758 - Milan 2 December 1826). Essentially a painter landscape painting, Giuseppe Bisi outlined his own pictorial way in which nature is simply observed in his everyday life, despite the time, in which the artist lived his artistic youth, evoked atmospheres more markedly Romanticism. His landscapes were purchased by sovereigns and high Italian and foreign nobles, Among his collectors were Napoleon III, Re Carlo Alberto di Savoia, Re Vittorio Emanuele II, the Emperor of Austria Ferdinand I of Austria, the Emperor of Russia Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, etc.

He was professor of landscape at the Brera Academy from 1838 to 1856.

In 1829 he made a study trip to Rome which gave him the starting point for subjects of the Lazio landscape. 
Back in Milan he consolidated his fame and success there. In 1838 he obtained the chair of landscape painting, which had just been established at the Accademia di Brera.

Brother of Michele Bisi, he was the husband of the artist Ernesta Legnani, whom he had married in 1811 with whom he had nine daughters. His daughters Raffaela, Antonietta and Fulvia Bisi. His nephew is the painter Luigi Bisi (Milan, 1814), who later became President of the Brera Academy.

## Musuem 
* Pinacoteca di Brera
* Gallery of Modern Art, Milan
* Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo, Brescia
* Musei Civici di Como

## Exhibitions 
He participated in the Brera exhibitions of 1833, 1835 and 1837.
He exhibited in Turin from 1838.

## Work of Art 
* *Veduta del Palazzo Raimondi* (1838), comissioned by the Emperor of Austria Ferdinand I of Austria
* ''Veduta di Genova dall'alto*
* *Veduta della Villa Sommariva* (1823)
* *Veduta di Genova dall'alto* (1825), Pinacoteca di Brera
* *Veduta del porto di Genova* (1826), Pinacoteca di Brera
* *Veduta di Castel Gandolfo* (1830)
* *Lierna view on Varenna Lake Como* (1835)
* *Orlando e Rodomonte*
* *Paesaggio con bagnanti*
* *Veduta di Torno* (1860), Musei Civici di Como, Palazzo del Municipio

## Style 
The rigor of the sign, of neoclassical inspiration, is lightened by the liveliness of the colors, even if sometimes a little glazed, and by the clear transparent atmosphere of waters and skies. From some of his views notable engravings were taken, which he himself sometimes created (series of the Via Mala near Spluga, 1820-1825).

## Related pages
*Lierna view on Varenna Lake Como (Bisi)

## Notes
## References
*Opere di G.Bisi
*Milano, Galleria d’Arte Moderna

## Bibliography 
* Agostino Mario Comanducci, *Pittori italiani dell'ottocento: dizionario critico e documentario'', C.E. Artisti d'Italia, 1934.
* Agostino Mario Comanducci, *Dizionario illustrato dei Pittori, Disegnatori e Incisori Italiani Moderni (1800-1900)*, OVEM, 1945.
* Agostino Mario Comanducci, *Dizionario illustrato dei pittori, disegnatori e incisori italiani moderni e contemporanei*, vol. 4, Milano, Leonilde M. Patuzzi, 1962.
Sarcohyla cyclada

The **tan-edged tree frog** (*Sarcohyla cyclada*) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  Scientists have seen it in cloud forests between 1600 and 2180 meters above sea level, in pine and oak forests at 2370 and 2670 meters above sea level, and in cloud forest and oak and madroño forests between 2121 and 2568 meters above sea level.

This frog changes color.  At night, the skin on its back is a very light brown and yellow-brown toward its rear end.  During the day, its skin is brown with green marks and green-brown toward its rear end.  It has webbing on all four feet, more on the back feet than on the front feet.

People have seen this frog in bromeliad plants that grow on trees. The young have been seen in pools of water in streams.

Herpetologist Duellman says this frog is related to frogs in the *Hyla miotympanum* group.

There are fewer of this frog than there were. Scientists say this is because human beings change the places where the frog lives by cutting down forests to get wood to build with. The fungal disease chytridiomycosis can also kill this frog.

## References
Baritone horn

A **Baritone horn** (also known as a baritone) is a musical instrument like a tuba but smaller and higher pitched.  it is a brass instrument, and it usually is played primarily in bass clef. It has effectively the same sound as a trombone. The baritone is very similar to a euphonium, but baritones are typically smaller. 

Marching baritones are used by marching bands. These can feel very heavy because the person playing it holds it up with only their arms. Marching baritones look like a big trumpet but the tubing is much larger.
Japanese Air Force One

The ***Japanese Air Force One***（日本国政府専用機）and ***Japanese Air Force Two*** are the radio callsigns of the two Boeing 777-300ER aircraft used by the government of Japan for overseas travel by the Emperor, Prime Minister and other high-ranking officials. Each aircraft has a capacity of 140 passengers and can be used for emergency evacuations of Japanese citizens and overseas deployment of Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel. The aircraft are operated by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.
Maol Choluim II, Earl of Fife

**Maol Choluim II**, anglicised to **Malcolm II** (d. 1266) was one of the people involved in the famous coronation of Alexander III in 1249, he reigned as Earl of Fife from 1228 until 1266.

## References
Kenneth II

**Cináeda mac Maíl Coluim** (Modern Gaelic: *Coinneach mac Mhaoil Chaluim*; 26 February 932 — 25 April 995) often known as **Kenneth II** was the King of Scotland from 971 until his death in 995. He was the son of Malcolm I of Scotland (Maíl Coluim mac Domnail) and Bethoc. He was the younger brother of King Dub (Dub mac Maíl Coluim) ruled the kingdom from 962 until his death in 967. 

For the first six years of his reign, Kenneth had a dispute with Amlaíb mac Illuilb, the younger brother and heir of Kenneth's predecessor, Culen. Eventually in 977, Amlaíb died and the dispute between him and the king was over. It was said that Kenneth ordered the murder of Amlaíb. Kenneth would then rule the kingdom effectively until his death in 995 at the age of 63. He was succeded by Constantine III, the son of Kenneth's predecessor.
Guillermo Rodríguez

**Guillermo Rodríguez** may refer to:

*Guillermo Rodríguez (baseball), Venezuelan baseball catcher
*Guillermo Rodríguez (footballer), Uruguayan footballer
*Guillermo Rodríguez (athlete), Mexican Olympic sprinter
*Guillermo Rodríguez (politician), also known as Guillermo Rodríguez Lara, Ecuadorian politician
*Guillermo Rodríguez González, Spanish archer
*Guillermo Rodriguez (comedian), Recurring cast member of *Jimmy Kimmel Live!*
*Guillermo Rodríguez Melgarejo, Argentine Roman Catholic bishop
Betrayal (1929 movie)

***Betrayal*** is a 1929 American silent drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Emil Jannings, Esther Ralston, Douglas Haig, Gary Cooper, Bodil Rosing. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and is a lost movie.

## Other websites
*
*
Applause (1929 movie)

***Applause*** is a 1929 American musical movie directed by first time director Rouben Mamoulian and starring Helen Morgan, Jack Cameron, Joan Peers, Henry Wadsworth. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Josh Turner

**Joshua Otis Turner** is an American country and gospel singer and actor. In 2005 he had his first number one song on *Billboard*'s Hot Country Songs.

## Early life
He was born on 	November 20, 1977 in Hannah, South Carolina.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Long Black Train* (2003)
* *Your Man* (2006)
* *Everything Is Fine* (2007)
* *Haywire* (2010)
* *Punching Bag* (2012)
* *Deep South* (2017)
* *I Serve a Savior* (2018)
* *Country State of Mind* (2020)
* *King Size Manger* (2021)

;Singles
* "Your Man" (2006)
* "I Wouldn't Be a Man" (2010)

## Related pages
* List of country musicians from South Carolina

## References
Spreeinsel

The **Spreeinsel** is between Spree and Spreekanal in the Berlin Mitte. It has three parts.

Middle — Berlin City Cock was there until 1950, it was rebuilt in 2021 for the Humboldt Forum

Southern — Fischer Island

Northern — it was used for gardens till the 19th century, then many museums were built there. Today is known as the Northern Museum Island and has been a World Heritage Site of UNESCO since 1999.

## References
Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof

]]
**Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof** was one of the most important train stations in Berlin in the 20th century. Today there is the underground station with the same name in Berlin.

Before the World War II, the station had connections to central and southern Germany, Austria and Italy. The station building was damaged in the Bombing of Berlin in World War II. The remains were demolished in 1959 even after public protests.

The "Anhalter Bahnhof" associated Berlin with the Princely or Duchy of Anhalt, today part of the federal state Saxony-Anhalt.

## References
Mark Phillips

**Mark Anthony Peter Phillips** (born 22 September 1948) was the former husband of Anne, Princess Royal.
Guillermo Rodríguez Lara

**Guillermo Antonio Rodríguez Lara** (born November 4, 1923)
 known as "Bombita", was the military dictator of Ecuador from February 15, 1972 to January 11, 1976.

As commander of the army, he led a military coup d'état executed by a navy commander named Jorge Queirolo G. and forced president José María Velasco into exile, to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

During his rule, drilling the country's oil reserves funded the construction of hospitals, schools, roads (notably, paving the Quito-Tulcán road), the oil refinery at Esmeraldas, and equipment for the armed services. The military removed him from power in 1976.

## References
Jon Pardi

**Jon Pardi** is an American country music singer and songwriter. In 2015 he had his first number one song on  Billboard's Country Airplay music chart. He had a number one song on the Country Airplay chart, as late as 2022.

## Early life
He was born on  in Dixon, California.

## Discography 
### Singles 
*"Dirt on My Boots" (2016)
*"She Ain't in It" (2017)
*"Tequila Little Time" (2021)

## Related pages
*List of country musicians from California

## Sources
Dijon Kameri

**Dijon Kameri** (born 20 April 2004) is an Austrian professional footballer. He plays as midfielder for Liefering in the 2nd Austrian League.

## Career 
Kameri began his youth career at FC Liefering. Then he went on to Red Bull Salzburg academy for the 2018/19 season. After three years at the academy, he was promoted to FC Liefering.

In July 2021 he played his first professional match for Liefering against Kapfenberger SV in the first round of the 2021/22 season. Withe the U19 team of FC Red Bull Salzburg he reached the final of the 2021-22 UEFA Youth League. 

With the start of the 2022-23 season he became member of the FC Red Bull Salzburg squad in the Austrian Bundesliga. He made his debut in a away match versus SC Austria Lustenau on 28 August 2022. He came in in minute 67 for Nicolas Capaldo. In minute 82 he scored his first Bundesliga goal. On 6 September 2022 Kameri played his first match in the UEFA Champions League versus AC Milan. After loaned to Grasshopper Club Zürich in 2023, he moved on loan to SCR Altach in 2024. 

## Career statistics
### Club
;Notes

## References
Jean-Michel Basquiat

**Jean-Michel Basquiat** was a contemporary artist from New York. He was born in 1960 and died in 1988. He is mainly known for his graffiti today. He is also known for being one of the first black artists. Most if not all of his colleagues were white. He also had problems with illegal drugs. He died of an overdose of heroin.

As an artist, he worked a lot with Andy Warhol.

## References
Donald J. Harris

**Donald Jasper Harris** (born August 23, 1938) is a Jamaican-American economist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was known for applying post-Keynesian ideas to development economics. He is the ex-husband of Indian-American Biomedical Scientist Shyamala Gopalan. He is the father of the 49th vice president of the United States, Kamala Harris, as well as of her sister, lawyer and political commentator Maya Harris.

## References
Werner Scholl

**Werner Scholl** (1922-1944) was the brother of Hans Scholl and Sophie Scholl. Like his siblings, Werner joined the Hitler Youth when Hitler came to power. In 1936, Werner, Sophie, and their sister Inge were arrested by the Gestapo. After being held for a few weeks, Werner was released, but the imprisonment left a mark on him. 

## Life
In the Summer of 1939, Werner became the first member of the Scholl family to make an open resistance to the Nazi regime. He resigned from the Hitler Youth, a decision that barred him from being able to take the Abitur (similar to A-Level: the test to be able to enter a University). Werner also climbed on top of the statue of Justice at the Courtroom in Ulm to blindfold the Lady of Justice with a swastika flag.

In 1942, Werner was sent out to the Russian front, where, by chance, he was stationed near Hans. The two were able to see each other fairly often.

## White Rose
In February 1943, Werner was given a leave to go home to Ulm. When he came home, he found out that Sophie and Hans had been captured by the Gestapo. Along with his parents, Werner travelled to Munich for the trial, storming into the courtroom  just as Roland Freisler was about to give the verdict. After a brief stand-off, the Scholl parents were removed from the room. Because Werner had an army uniform on, he was able to melt into the crowd and be there when the judge announced the verdict: guilty. As those in the courtroom got up to leave, Werner was able to push his way up to see Hans and Sophie one last time. Werner grabbed their hands. Tears welled in his eyes as Hans said to him, “Stay strong. Make no concessions!” 
After his leave was up, Werner was stationed back at Russia. In the middle of 1944, Werner was classified as Missing in Action. He was 22.

## References
Andrea Kossányiová

**Andrea Kossányiová** (born 6 August 1993) is a Czech volleyball player, playing as a Outside spiker. She is part of the Czech Republic women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2019 Women's European Volleyball League, winning a gold medal.

On club level she plays for PVK Olymp Prague, VK Agel Prostejov, VK UP Olomouc, and Volley Wrocław.

## References
Biplab Kumar Deb

**Biplab Kumar Deb** (born 25 November 1971) 

## Early life 
Biplab Deb was born on 25 November 1971 in Rajdhar Nagar village, Udaipur, Gomati district, Tripura. His parents had moved to India as refugees from Chandpur District , East Pakistan during liberation war in 1971 before his birth. His father is a citizen of India since 27 June 1967. He spent his childhood and schooling days in Tripura. He graduated from Tripura University before going to New Delhi. He later returned to Tripura after an absence of 15 years.

## Political career 
Biplab Deb was elected the President of Tripura state unit of BJP in January 2017 replacing Sudhndra Dasgupta who was BJP's longest serving state president. He started his political career by campaigning for the 2018 state election. He began his campaign from the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council which was believed to be the base of the then governing CPI(M). 

On 8 August 2017 Biplab Deb helped bring about the defection of Indian National Congress MLAs led by Sudip Roy Barman to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He led the local BJP into the 2018 Legislative Assembly election, attempting to gain office after 25 years of Left Front rule. 

### Chief Minister 
Deb contested the election from Banamalipur Constituency in Agartala and won by a margin of 9,549 votes, which was held by Indian National Congress MLA Gopal Roy. Deb led the Tripura's Election campaign and defeated Left Front after 25 years by winning 44 seats with his ally Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura out of possible 60 seats in Tripura.

Deb campaigned on the subject of youth employment opportunities, which he promised to improve if elected Chief Minister of Tripura. He also promised the employees of Tripura that he would implement the 7th Pay Commission once get elected. Deb brought in key BJP ministers from across India to campaign for the party in Tripura.

He took his oath as the 10th Chief Minister of Tripura on 9 March 2018.

## Controversy
In April 2018, Deb stirred disputes by saying that the internet and satellites have existed since the Mahabharata era. 

He also said that international beauty pageants were a farce. He also claimed that the decision to award Miss World and Miss Universe titles to Indian women for five years in a row was market-driven rather than based on the beauty of the participants while questioning the rationale behind awarding Diana Hayden the Miss World pageant.

## References
Alfa Romeo D2

The **Alfa Romeo D2** piston engine was produced from 1931 to 1934. In this 3 years there where 600 build. It has a HorsePower between 240 and 270.

## Users 
* Breda Ba.25
* Caproni Ca.101
* Caproni Ca.105
* Jona J-6S
Bachelor Mother

***Bachelor Mother*** is a 1939 American romantic comedy movie directed by Garson Kanin and was remake of the 1935 Austrian Hungarian movie *Little Monster*. It stars Ginger Rogers, David Niven, Charles Coburn, Frank Albertson, Ferike Boros, Ernest Truex, Dennie Moore and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1940. It was remade as *Bundle of Joy* in 1956.

## Other websites
* 
* Bachelor Mother at BFI
* 
*
People's Republic of Bulgaria

The '''People's Republic of Bulgaria'''  was the official name of Bulgaria, when it was a socialist republic from 1946 to 1990. 
## Background
It was ruled by the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) together with  the Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union. Bulgaria was closely allied with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, being part of Comecon and member of the Warsaw Pact. The Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II deposed the Kingdom of Bulgaria administration in the Bulgarian coup d'état of 1944 which ended the country's alliance with the Axis powers and led to the People's Republic in 1946.
## Society
The BCP modelled its policies after those of the Soviet Union. They transformed the country over the course of a decade from an agrarian peasant society into an industrialized socialist society. 
### In the 1950s
In the mid-1950s after the death of Stalin, the party's hardliners lost influence and a period of social liberalization and stability followed under Todor Zhivkov. 
### Since 1960s
After a new energy and transportation infrastructure was made, by 1960 manufacturing became the dominant sector of the economy and Bulgaria became a major exporter of household goods and later of computer technologies. It earned the nickname of "Silicon Valley of the Eastern Bloc". The country's high productivity levels and high scores for social development made it a model for other socialist countries' policies.
## Disestablishment
In 1989, political reforms were started. Todor Zhivkov, who had served as head of the party since 1954, was removed from office in a BCP congress. In 1990, under the leadership of Aleksandar Lilov, the BCP changed its name to the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and adopted social democracy and democratic socialism in place of Marxism–Leninism. Following the BSP victory in the 1990 election, which was the first openly contested multi-party election since 1931, the name of the state was changed to the Republic of Bulgaria. Geographically, the People's Republic of Bulgaria had the same borders as present-day Bulgaria. It bordered the Black Sea to the east; Romania to the north; Yugoslavia (via SRs Serbia and Macedonia) to the west and Greece and Turkey to the south.
## References
Inauguration of Warren G. Harding

The **inauguration of Warren G. Harding** as the 29th president of the United States happened on March 4, 1921. It was the start of the only term of Warren G. Harding as president and the only term of Calvin Coolidge as vice president.  

A public ceremony happened on the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The event was the 34th presidential inauguration. 

This was the first inauguration in which an automobile was used to transport the president-elect and the leaving president (Woodrow Wilson) to and from the Capitol. However, Wilson did not attend the ceremony himself because of a stroke he got two years before.

Chief Justice Edward D. White administered the oath of office to Harding. Thomas R. Marshall administered the vice presidential oath of office to Coolidge.  

Harding did not finish his term as president, as he died on August 2, 1923. Calvin Coolidge then became the next president.

## References
## Other websites
*Text of Harding's Inaugural Address
Second inauguration of Calvin Coolidge

The **second inauguration of Calvin Coolidge** as the 30th president of the United States happened on March 4, 1925. It was the start of the second and only term of Calvin Coolidge as president and the only term of Charles G. Dawes as vice president.  

A public ceremony happened on the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The event was the 35th presidential inauguration. 

This was the first inauguration that was broadcasted nationally on radio. It was also the first inauguration in which a former president gave the oath of office to a new president. 

Chief Justice and former President William Howard Taft administered the oath of office to Coolidge. Albert B. Cummins administered the vice presidential oath of office to Dawes. 

## References
## Other websites
*Video of Coolidge's Second Inauguration (via YouTube)
*Text of Coolidge's Inaugural Address
Alfa Romeo 115

The **Alfa Romeo 115** is a piston engine used on aircraft. It was made in Italy by Alfa Romeo in the 1930s. About 1,600 were made.

## Variants 
* 115-1
* 115bis
* 115ter
* 116-1

## Users 
* Ambrosini SAI.3
* Bestetti BN.1 
* Breda Ba.75 
* Breda Ba.79S
* CANT Z.1012 
* Caproni Ca.164
* Nardi FN.305
* Nardi FN.315
* Saiman 200
* Ambrosini SAI.2S 
* Caproni Ca.309 Ghibli 
* Fiat G.46-1B 
* Fiat G.46-3B 
* Fiat G.46-4B
* Ambrosini S.7
* Fiat G.46-A 
* Fiat G.46-3A
* Fiat G.46-4A
Second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson

The **second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson** as the 28th president of the United States happened privately on March 4, 1917, and publicly on the next day, March 5, 1917. It was the start of the second and final term of Woodrow Wilson as president and Thomas R. Marshall as vice president.  

Two inaugural ceremonies happened because March 4, 1917, was on a Sunday. The first ceremony was done at the President's Room inside the United States Capitol, and the second ceremony was done at the East Front of the United States Capitol Building. The event was the 33rd presidential inauguration.

Chief Justice Edward D. White administered the oath of office to Wilson. Willard Saulsbury Jr. administered the vice presidential oath of office to Coolidge.  

At the same time of the inauguration, women were protesting outside the White House, demanding that women get the right to vote. However, there were groups of men that attacked these protesters. There was more coverage of the altercation than that of the inauguration itself.
## References
## Other websites
*Text of Wilson's Second Inaugural Address
Misgendering

**Misgendering** refers to using a word, especially a pronoun or form of address, that does not correctly reflect the gender with which one identifies as.

## References
Bangladeshis

**Bangladeshis** ( ) are the citizens of Bangladesh, a South Asian country centred on the transnational historical region of Bengal along the Bay of Bengal.

## Citizenship
Bangladeshi citizenship was formed in 1971. This was when the permanent residents of the former East Pakistan were transformed into citizens of a new republic. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous nation. The vast majority of Bangladeshis are ethnolingustically Bengalis, an Indo-Aryan people who are mainly Muslim. The population of Bangladesh is concentrated in the fertile Bengal delta. It has been the center of urban and agrarian civilizations for millennia. The country's highlands, including the Chittagong Hill Tracts and parts of the Sylhet Division, are home to various tribal minorities.

## Muslims
Bengali Muslims are the main ethnoreligious group of Bangladesh with a population of 135.5 million. This makes up 90.4% of the country's population as of 2011. The minority Bengali Hindu population made up approximately 8.54% of the population of the country according to the 2011 Census Non-Bengali Muslims make up the largest immigrant community; while the Tibeto-Burman Chakmas, who speak the Indo-Aryan Chakma language, are the largest indigenous ethnic group after Indo-Aryan Bengalis. The Austroasiatic Santals are the largest indigenous community.

## Diaspora
The Bangladeshi diaspora is concentrated in the Arab world, North America, Canada and the United Kingdom. A significant number of Non-Resident Bangladeshis (NRBs) have dual citizenship in different countries.

## References
Lion of Al-lāt

The **Lion of Al-lāt** (Arabic  أسد اللات) is an old statue. It is a decoration of the Temple of Al-Lat in Palmyra, Syria. On 27 June 2015, it was badly damaged by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The damage took place after the ISIL had captured Palmyra. The statue was kept at the National Museum of Damascus for repairing. Presently, it is standing again.
## Description 
The statue of the lion is shown as holding a gazelle. It was made from limestone ashlars in the early first century A.D. It measured  in height. It weights 15 tonnes. The lion's left paw had a partially damaged Palmyrene inscription. The inscription (PAT 1122) reads like this: *tbrk ʾ*[*lt*] (Al-lāt will bless) *mn dy lʾyšd* (whoever will not shed) *dm ʿl ḥgbʾ* (blood in the sanctuary).
## History 
In 1977, the statue was discovered by some Polish archeologists from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw (PCMA UW). They were working under Prof. Michał Gawlikowski. The PCMA UW logo design was based on the lion of Al-lāt. The statue was
found in pieces. It had been reused in old times for the temple's foundation. The statue was moved to Damascus in 2016. There, it was completely restored. On 1 October 2017, it was fully restored. Presently, it is placed in the National Museum of Damascus. This is for its safety. Later, it will be moved to Palmyra again.

## References
Alfa Romeo 110

The **Alfa Romeo 110** made by Alfa Romeo in Italy, is a piston aircraft engine. The first motor was built in the 1930s, and there where 500 made in total.

## Variants 
* Alfa 110-1
* Alfa 110ter
* Alfa 111

## Users 
* Ambrosini SAI.10
* Fiat G.2/2
* CANSA C.5B/1
* CANT Z.1010 Balilla
* CANT Z.1012
* Saiman 202
* Ambrosini S.1001
* Agusta CP-110
Sudip Roy Barman

**Sudip Roy Barman** is an Indian politician from Tripura. He is a member of Indian National Congress. He is the current MLA of Agartala constituency which he has held since 1998 by winning in six elections consecutively by handsome margins.
He completed his BE degree from Tripura Engineering College (Presently known as NIT Agartala) (Mechanical Engineering).

He is member of Indian National Congress and former member of All India Trinamool Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party. He was former President of the Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee and Tripura Pradesh Youth Congress Committee as well as Leader of Opposition in Tripura Legislative Assembly.

He is the son of former Tripura Chief Minister Samir Ranjan Barman.

He was removed as Cabinet Minister of Tripura by CM Biplab Kumar Deb citing anti party activities.

## Political career
He was involved with National Students’ Union of India during student life. Elected General Secretary of National Students’ Union of India in 1986. General Secretary of Pradesh Youth Congress 1991–1993. Vice President of Pradesh Youth Congress 1994–1996.

He was elected member of Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee in 1997 and was appointed as senior Vice President of Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee in 2001.

He contested assembly election for the first time in 1993 from Agartala constituency  against Nripen Chakraborty & lost.

He won assembly elections from the same constituency in 1998, 2003 and 2008 assembly elections by defeating Krishna Rakshit, Sankar Das & Dr. Bikash Roy respectively.

In 2016, he is one of the six MLA from Indian National Congress who joined All India Trinamool Congress, due to various inconsistencies with the Indian National Congress allying with Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election.

On 19 December 2016, Barman stole silver mace belonging to the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and ran off with it while INC and AITC MLAs were criticizing Forests Minister Naresh Jamatia over womanizing.

On 7 August 2017, he along with 5 other AITC MLAs of Tripura Legislative Assembly joined BJP in presence of Himanta Biswa Sarma and Dharmendra Pradhan after they cross voted against the party lines in 2017 Indian presidential election.

## Social activities
President of Janakalyan (NGO) of Tripura since 2003. Participated in National Seminar on prevention of AIDS held at New Delhi in 2002. Involved in anti-dowry movement and blood donation camp.

Approximately 200 units of blood have been donated by Pradesh Youth Congress Committee.
Distributed books to down-trodden students every year.

## References
Jade Emperor

The **Jade Emperor** ( or , '**) is one of the representations of the first god ( **') in Chinese mythology and religion. In Daoist theology, he is associated with Yuanshi Tianzun, one of the Three Pure Ones. He is also the '** ("Highest Power") of Caodaism. He is often identified with Śakra in Chinese Buddhist cosmology. In Korean mythology, he is known as Haneullim.

The Jade Emperor is known by many names. Some names include (1) the Heavenly Grandfather (, **'), which originally meant "Heavenly Duke", (2) the Jade Lord; (3) the Highest Emperor; (4) Great Emperor of Jade (, '** or , **'). The characters for both are shown on the front of the arms of his throne. However, some have disagreed that Guan Yu has succeeded. And thus the Jade Emperor and Guan Yu are often worshiped separately. In Tienti teaching, the ruling Jade Emperor has 55 predecessors. However, this is from the opinion of the Chinese folk religion. Many Taoists do not believe these claims to be true. On this day, Taoist temples perform a Jade Emperor ritual (, '''', literally "heaven worship"). In this, priests and common people lie straight on the ground, burn incenses and make food offerings.

## References
Alfa Romeo 125

The **Alfa Romeo 125** is an Italian piston aircraft engine made by Alfa Romeo in the 1930s. between 1934 and 1944 there where 11,000 units built.

## Variants 
* Alfa 125 R.C.10
* Alfa 125 R.C.35

## Users 
* Breda Ba.64
* Savoia-Marchetti S.M.81 Pipistrello
Alfa Romeo 121

The **Alfa Romeo 121** was an Italian aircraft engine produced by Alfa Romeo. It has a Horsepower of 380.

## Variants 
* 121 R.C.14
* 121 R.C.20
* 121 R.C.22

## Users 
* Ambrosini S.7
Chang'e

'''Chang'e** () or **Chang-Er** or **Chang-o** or **Heng'e''' is the Chinese female deity of the Moon. She is the topic of many stories in Chinese mythology. Most of her stories are associated with Houyi, the archer, an Emperor, an elixir of life and the Moon. She was married to Houyi. In present days, the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program was named after her.

## Story 
There are many stories about Chang'e.  The following is about the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival.

In older versions of the story, Chang'e stole the elixir from Houyi. Then, she drank it and flew away to the Moon. Then, her husband could not go after her. Chang'e appears in Wu Cheng'en's late 16th-century novel, *Journey to the West*.

## References
Charlie Rich

**Charles Allan Rich** was an American country music singer, songwriter, and musician. 1960 was the first time he had a song on Billboard Hot 100 music chart.

## Background 
Rich was born and raised in Arkansas, United States, to rural cotton farmers. He attended Consolidated High School in Forrest City. 

## Biography
He was born on December 14, 1932 in Colt, Arkansas.

He died on July 25, 1995.

## Discography
### Singles during the 1960s
### 1970s and 1980
## Death 
Charlie died July 25, 1973 at a motel in southeastern Louisiana city, while travelling to Florida with his wife.

## References
Lou Grant

**Lou Grant** is a fictional character in *The Mary Tyler Moore Show* and its related to the television series *Lou Grant*.

Ed Asner played Lou Grant.
Pixiu

, body of a lion and a pair of wings.]]
, a part of lion and wings.]]
**Pixiu** (; Old Chinese (ZS) **bi-qʰu*) is a Chinese mythical creature. Pixiu are considered powerful protectors of feng shui practitioners. They look like strong, winged lions. A Pixiu is a special creature for wealth. It is said to have a want for gold, silver, and jewels. So, Pixiu are always regarded as special creatures that have sacred powers of drawing *cai qi* ( wealth) from all directions.

According to the Chinese zodiac, it is helpful for unlucky people.

## Gender 
There are two kinds of Pixiu based on their antlers. The one with two antlers is the female. She is called a *Bìxié*. The one with one antler is the male. He is called a *Tiānlù*.

**Bìxié* (; lit. "to ward off evil spirits"): The female wards off evil. They can help any sufferers from bad feng shui. 
**Tiānlù* (): The male takes care of wealth. He searches for gold and other wealth. When he returns to his master's house, the *Bìxié* guards the riches. Displaying *Tiānlù* at home or in the office is said to stop wealth from flowing away.

Pixiu can smell gold and silver. They bring their masters money in their mouth. Statues of this creature are often used to attract wealth in feng shui.

Today, Pixiu are a popular design on jade necklaces. It was also shown as a design on the sword of Fa Mulan's character in the 1998 Disney animated feature movie, *Mulan*.

## Mythology
Once Pixiu broke the rules of Heaven by discharging faeces on the floor of Heaven. When it was found out, it was punished by the Jade Emperor. The punishment of spanking was hard enough to cause its anus to be permanently sealed. The Jade Emperor further announced that the food of the Pixiu would be restricted to gold, silver, and jewels.

Another story describes the Pixiu as the well-behaved youngest son of the Dragon King. He was spoiled by his parents. One day, Pixiu played on the Dragon King's desk and broke a seal by mistake. The seal showed the power of the Dragon King. The Dragon King became very angry. He used magic to turn Pixiu into an animal. He then sealed his rectum. He announced that from then on, Pixiu could only eat things representing wealth.

Pixiu have a fame of being wild animals. The large fangs can be seen in their mouths. These are used to attack demons and evil spirits. It could convert them to wealth. Pixiu also guard against disease caused by these evil spirits. Pixiu patrols the Heavens to keep demons away and to protect their owners from all harms.

Pixiu would always and constantly guard its master, even after he passed from this life onto the next world. Pixiu would help their masters to go to Heaven by flying them up to Heaven on their backs.

## References
Sarcohyla miahuatlanensis

The **Sierra Miahuatlan spikethumb tree frog** (*Sarcohyla miahuatlanensis*) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  Scientists have only seen it in one place: a pine-oak forest in the Sierra de Miahuatlán, Oaxaca.

The scientists who wrote the first paper about the frog say it is similar to the southern Sierra Madre tree frog in size, but it is a different color.

## References