open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jōtoku

was a  after *Eichō* and before *Kōwa.*  This period started in November 1097 and ended in August 1099.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Jōtoku* Era
* **1097** (*Jōtoku 1, 1st month*): Minamoto no Tsunenobu died at age 82.

* **1097** (*Jōtoku 1, 4th  month*): The emperor visited the temple at Gion.

* **1097** (*Jōtoku 1, 10th  month*): The emperor visited the home of Fujiwara no Moromichi.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Kōwa (Heian period)

was a  after *Jōtoku* and before *Chōji.*  This period started in August 1099 and ended in February 1104.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Kōwa* Era
* **1099** (*Kōwa 1, 6th month*): Fujiwara no Moromichi died at age 38; and Moromichi's son, Fujiwara no Tadazane took over his father's role in court.

* **1100** (*Kōwa 2*): Tadazane  is given the office of Minister of the Right (*udaijin*).

* **1101** (*Kōwa 3, 2nd month*): Fujiwara no Morozane died at age 60.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Robert Vince

**Robert Vince** (born April 8, 1962) is a Canadian director, producer, writer and screenwriter. He is the director of the *Air Buddies* movies and the brother of William Vince.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chōji

was a  after *Kōwa* and before *Kashō.*  This period started in February 1104 and ended in April 1106.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Chōji* era
* **1104** (*Chōji 1, 3rd month*): The emperor visited Sonshō-ji in northeastern Kyoto.

* **1105** (*Chōji 2, 6th month*): A red snow was reported in a number of Japanese provinces.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Kinderszenen

***Kinderszenen*** (original spelling *Kinderscenen*, (), Opus&nbsp;15, is a set of 13 pieces for solo piano by Robert Schumann. It was published in 1838. Schumann was looking back on his childhood when composing these pieces. He had originally written 30 movements for **Scenes from Childhood**. He chose only 13 for the final set. The unused movements were published years later in *Bunte Blätter*, Opus&nbsp;99, and *Albumblätter* (). 

Schumann originally titled the work *Leichte Stücke* (). The titles for the individual pieces were only added after the music was complete. Schumann described the titles as "nothing more than delicate hints for execution and interpretation". Timothy Taylor has discussed Schumann's choice of titles for this work in the context of the changing situation of music in 19th century culture and economics. In 1974, Eric Sams noted that there is no known complete manuscript of *Kinderszenen*.

## Movements
## References 
## Other websites 
* MSN Movies page on Robert Schumann
Roux

***Roux***  is a cooking mixture of wheat flour and butter (or other fat). It is the basis of many types of French sauce for cooking.

Roux is the thickening agent of three of the mother sauces of classical French cuisine: *sauce béchamel*, *sauce velouté* and *sauce espagnole*.  Clarified butter, vegetable oils, or lard are commonly used fats. It thickens gravy, other sauces, soups and stews. It is made from equal parts of flour and fat by weight. 

When used in Italian cooking, roux is traditionally equal parts of butter and flour. In Cajun cuisine, roux is almost always made with oil instead of butter and is dark brown in colour. This lends much richness of flavour, but less thickening power. Hungarian cuisine uses rendered lard or vegetable oil instead of butter for the preparation of *roux* (called *rántás* in Hungarian).

## References
Minute Waltz

The "**Minute Waltz**" is the nickname for the **Waltz in D flat major, Op. 64, No. 1** by Frederic Chopin. It was written in 1847. It is a piece of music for the piano. It is sometimes called "The Waltz of the Little Dog" (). This is because Chopin was watching a little dog chase its tail when he wrote it.  The little dog was "Marquis". He belonged to Chopin's friend George Sand. Marquis had befriended Chopin. The composer mentioned Marquis in several of his letters. In one letter dated 25 November 1846, Chopin wrote: "Please thank Marquis for missing me and for sniffing at my door."  

The waltz was published by Breitkopf & Härtel. It was the first of three waltzes in a collection of waltzes called *Trois Valses, Op. 64*.  The publisher gave the waltz its popular nickname "Minute". The word here means small or little. The tempo marking is Molto vivace (), but Chopin did not intend the waltz to be played in one minute as some believe. A typical performance will last between one and a half to two and a half minutes. 

The time signature is 3/4. The waltz is 138 measures long with one fifteen-measure repeat. The waltz is written in ternary, or ABA form. The A section is characterized by a whirling line of eighth notes and triplets over the "om-pah-pah" rhythm of the waltz. The whirling line of the A section is abandoned in the B section. This section consists of a consistent half note and quarter note pattern from bar to bar. The B section breaks off and a long trill heralds the return of the A section, which is repeated in full. The waltz ends with a descending scale. 

In popular culture, Minute Waltz was used on Pretty Little Liars, The Girlfriend Experience, One Tree Hill, and Sex and the City. 

## References
## Other websites 
* Minute Waltz sheet music available at Musopen.com
* Quatre Mains version for Piano Duet.
* Free recording of Minute Waltz
LGBT rights in Cyprus

**Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)** persons in Cyprus may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Cyprus and civil unions became legal in November 2015.

In Cyprus, the socially conservative Eastern Orthodox Church has a significant influence over public opinion when it comes to LGBT-rights. However, ever since Cyprus sought membership in the European Union it has had to change its human rights legislation, including its laws regarding sexual orientation and gender identity.

## LGBT rights in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Same-sex sexual activity is Legal within the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus since the 7th of February in 2014. Previous laws allowed three years prison sentences, according to articles 171 and 173 of its criminal code. Female homosexuality was not criminalised. Arrests for Homosexuality have occurred as recently as 2011.

The Laws were a legacy of British colonial rule, left over after the Island gained Independence in the 1960s. While the south decriminalised homosexuality in 1998 in order to accede to the European Union (EU) in 2004, the North's disputed status means it lies outside the EU's jurisdiction. On the 27th of January in 2014, the Assembly of the Republic, the Northern Cypriot Parliament, voted to abolish the criminal code provisions that outlawed Same-sex relations between men and males, becoming the last territory in do so within Europe in order to decriminalise Sexual relations between consenting, Adult men. The Bill was signed into Law, and published in the official gazette on the 7th of February in 2014. It took immediate effect upon publication.

Calls have been made by non-governmental organisations to legalise Same-sex marriage. In 2012, the Communal Democracy Party proposed a law that would have Legalised Same-sex marriages, but the Legislation was opposed by the then-ruling National Unity Party.

## Legislative summary
LGBT rights in Turkey

**Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender** (LGBT) people in Turkey may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Homosexuality is legal in the Republic of Turkey, but the law does not include sexual orientation or gender identity in its civil rights laws and there is no legal recognition for same-sex couples. But sexual reassignment surgery is allowed and legal sex change has been possible since 1988. On the 9th of August in 1858, the Ottoman Caliph decriminalised homosexuality. This affected many countries in the three continents of the Old World, respectively. When Turkey became a solo nation in 1920, it didn’t see a need to change this law. Omer Akpinar, who is with KAOS LG, which is one of the largest LGBT organizations in Turkish Republic, told Mashable that their organization was never censored. Jack Scott, a British writer who moved to Turkey with his partner and who is the author of *Perking the Pansies: Jack and Liam Move to Turkey*, said his  talking to the real estate company Quest Turkey.
 
Turkey tends to be socially conservative when it comes to such issues as homosexuality.

## References
Eichō

was a  after *Kahō* and before *Jōtoku.*  This period started in December 1096 and ended in November 1097.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Eichō* Era
* **1096** (*Eichō 1*): Fujiwara no Moromichi was raised to the second rank of the first class.

* **1096** (*Eichō 1*): During the summer, a series of great dengaku dance performances took place in the streets and in open areas near the city.  The participants were drawn from the aristocracy and from the common people.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Minuet in G (Beethoven)

The **Minuet in G**, WoO 10, No. 2 is a piece of music for the piano. It was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven. The piece  was originally written for orchestra. This version was lost. Only an arrangement for piano exists. It is a very popular piece, especially among beginning pianists.

## Music 
The piece is composed in what is called ternary form or ABA form. This means that the piece has three distinct sections. The first and the third sections (the A sections) are the same. The second section (the B section) is entirely different music. The B section often provides a contrast in some way to the A section. The tempo marking for the Minuet in G is Moderato. The meter is 3/4.

The A section is composed of two 8 bar passages for a total of 16 bars. The tune is characterized by a repetitious but elegant dotted eighth note and sixteenth note legato pattern. The first 8 bars are played and repeated. This passage begins in the tonic key of G major, and modulates to the dominant key of D major. The second 8 bars are played and repeated. This passage begins in the dominant key of D major, and modulates to the tonic key of G major. The first phrase of this passage begins with 4 bars of principally quarter notes. The phrase returns to the dotted eighth note pattern at its close. Thus, the entire A section begins and ends in the tonic key with brushes on the dominant here and there. The right hand is occupied with playing mostly thirds and sixths through the A section. The left hand plays only  quarter notes.  

Like the A section, the B section (or the Trio) is composed of two 8 bar passages for a total of 16 bars. Like the A section, it begins in the tonic key of G major, and modulates to the dominant key of D major at the end of the first 8 bars. This passage is repeated. The second 8 bars begin in the dominant key and end in the tonic key. These 8 bars are repeated. The entire B section is characterized by flowing, uninterrupted eighth notes in the right hand.  The left hand plays quarter notes but briefly joins the right hand in playing eighth notes at the beginning of the second 8 bar passage.  The left hand returns to playing quarter notes as the passage closes. When the B section is completed and all the repeats have been taken, the piece returns the A section. This return is usually played without performing the repeats.

## Other websites 
*Minuet orchestral performance by the Philadelphia Orchestra
*Minuet free scores at IMSLP
Come On Over (Shania Twain album)

***Come on Over*** is an album released by country music singer Shania Twain. 
It was released in 1997. 
It is the biggest selling album by a female country singer. 
All of the songs were written by Shania Twain and Mutt Lange. 

Singles released off of the album include the title track, "That Don't Impress Me Much", "Man! I Feel Like A Woman!", 
"Honey, I'm Home", "You're Still The One", "From This Moment On", "You've Got A Way", "Love Gets Me Every Time," "Don't Be Stupid!", "When", "Rock This Country!", and "I'm Holding On To Love (To Save My Life)".
Ten'ei

was a  after *Tennin* and before *Eikyū.*  This period started in July 1110 and ended in July 1113.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the ''Ten'ei* Era
* **1109** (*Ten'ei 1, in the 5th month*): Emperor Toba visited Hosho-ji where he donated a Buddhist manuscript which had been created using gold characters on blue paper.

* **1110** (*Ten'ei 1, in the 6th month''): The Miidera-ji burned down. 

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Up! (album)

***Up!*** is the fourth studio album released by country music artist Shania Twain. It was released in 2002. Shania Twain and Mutt Lange wrote all of the songs. Singles released off the album include the title track, ''"It Only Hurts When I'm Breathing"*, *"Ka-Ching!"*, *"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!"*, *"Forever and For Always"*, *"She's Not Just A Pretty Face"*, and *"When You Kiss Me"''.

## References
Tennin (era)

was a  after *Kajō* and before ''Ten'ei.*  This period started in August 1108 ended in July 1110.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Tennin* Era
* **1108** (*Tennin 1*): Minamoto no Tameyoshi became clan leader of the Seiwa Genji after the death of Minamoto no Yoshiie.

* **1108** (*Tennin 1*): Mount Asama erupts, causing widespread damage.

* **1109** (*Tennin 2, in the 1st month''): The emperor visited Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
'
Piano Sonata No. 16 (Mozart)

The **Sonata No. 16 in C major**, K.&nbsp;545, is a piece of music for solo piano. It was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. On 26 June 1788, he added the piece to his catalogue as "a little Piano Sonata for beginners". He may have written the piece for a pupil. If he did, that pupil is not known. In the end, the story behind the sonata is a mystery.

On 2 August 1788 Mozart wrote a letter to his sister Nannerl. She was living in Salzburg. He had sent her some pieces for the piano. He wrote, "Indeed you have every reason to be vexed with me! But will you really be so, when you receive by this mail coach my very latest compositions for the keyboard? Surely not! This, I hope, will make everything all right again." This passage might refer to the Sonata in C. But it may refer to other keyboard compositions Mozart wrote the same year. A typical performance lasts about 14 minutes.
 
## Music 
The first movement is written in sonata form. It is in the key of C major. The tempo marking is Allegro (Fast). The opening theme is accompanied by an Alberti bass played in the left hand. A bridge passage composed of scales follows, arriving at a cadence in G major, the key in which the second theme is then played. A codetta follows to conclude the exposition. The exposition is repeated. The development starts in G minor and modulates through several keys. The recapitulation begins in the subdominant key of F major. According to Charles Rosen, the practice of beginning a recapitulation in the subdominant was "rare at the time [the sonata] was written"..

The second movement is in the key of G major, the dominant key of C major. The music modulates to the dominant key of D major, and then back to G major in which the exposition is heard again. For the development, the music modulates to G minor, then B♭ major, then C minor, then G minor and finally back to G major, at which point the recapitulation occurs followed by a short coda.

The third movement is in rondo form. It is in the tonic key of C major. The first theme is lively. It sets the mood of the piece. The second theme is in G major. It has an Alberti bass in the left hand. The first theme appears again. A third theme is in a minor key. It modulates through different keys before returning to C major. The first theme appears again. It is followed by a coda, and the rondo ends in C major. 

The finale was transcribed to F major. It was put together with a solo piano arrangement of the second movement of the violin sonata in F major. It became the Piano Sonata in F major, K. 547a.

## References
## Other websites 
*Complete score
Muroran

**Muroran**  is a city and port that is in Iburi, Hokkaidō, Japan.  Muroran is the capital city of Iburi Subprefecture.

## Gallery 

Image:muroran.jpg|A view of Muroran
Image:chikyu.jpg|Chikyu Misaki
Image:chikyuwinter.jpg|Chikyu Misaki in the winter

## Sister cities 
*Shizuoka, since 1976
*Knoxville, Tennessee, since 1991
*Joetsu, since 1995

## Other websites 
* Muroran official website  
* English page in Official site
Masuho, Yamanashi

was a town in Minamikoma District, Yamanashi, Japan.

On March 8, 2010, two towns combined to become a new town. Masuho and Kajikazawa became Fujikawa.

## Other websites
*Masuho official website  (in Japanese)
Gen'ei

was a  after *Eikyū* and before *Hōan.*  This period started in April 1118 and ended in April 1120.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the ''Gen'ei* Era
* **1118** (*Gen'ei 1, 9th month*): The emperor made a pilgrimage to the Kumano Shrines at Wakayama.  The *Kumano sanzan* are:  Hongu Taisha, Hayatama Taisha, and Nachi Taisha.

* **1118** (*Gen'ei 1, 12th month''): Emperor Toba attended a festival at Saishō-ji.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Tenji (era)

was a  after *Hōan* and before *Daiji.*  This period spanned the years from April 1124 through January 1126. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Tenji* Era
* **1124** (*Tenji 1, 2nd month*): Former-Emperor Horikawa and former-Emperor Toba went in carriages to see the flowers outside the city..

* **1124** (*Tenji 1, 10th month*): Horikawa visited Mount Koya.

* **1125** (*Tenji 2, 10th month*): Sutoku visited Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines; and afterward, he also visited the shrines Hirano, Ōharano, Mutsunoo, Kitano, Gion and several others.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Daiji (era)

was a  after *Tenji* and before *Tenshō.*  This period started in January 1126 and ended in January 1131.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Daiji* Era
* **1128** (*Daiji 3, in the 3rd month*): Taiken-mon In ordered the construction of Enshō-ji because of a sacred vow.  This was one in a series of "sacred vow temples" (*gogan-ji*).

* **1128** (*Daiji 3, 6th month*): Fujiwara Tadamichi is given the role of *kampaku.*

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Tenshō (Heian period)

was a  after *Daiji* and before *Chōshō.*  This period started in January 1131 and ended in August 1132. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Tenshō* Era
* **1131** (*Tenshō 1, 12th month*): Fujiwara Yetada was promoted to the office of Minister of the Left (*sadaijin*); and Fujiwara no Munetada was given the office of Minister of the Center (*nadaijin*).

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Communist Party of the Russian Federation

The **Communist Party of the Russian Federation** (**CPRF**; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации) is a Communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Russia. It is the second largest political party in Russia. The party is often viewed as the successor of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

The CPSU was banned in 1991 by then-Russian President Boris Yeltsin after a failed coup attempt. The youth organisation of the party is the Leninist Young Communist League. The party is led by a Central Committee.

The CPRF was founded on 14 February 1993. It is founded  as the successor of the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (CPRSFSR).

As of 2015, the party has 160,000 members. The party's goal is to establish a new, modernized form of socialism in Russia. The party wants to nationalize natural resources, agriculture and large industries.

## Ideology 
The party believes in Marxism-Leninism and patriotism. The party is known to have extreme patriotism towards Russia. The party is also known to greatly like Joseph Stalin.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website
Hōan

was a  after ''Gen'ei* and before *Tenji.*  This period spanned the years from April 1120 through April 1124.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the *Hōan* era
* **1121** (*Hōan 2, 5th month*): The priests of Mt. Hiei set fire to Mii-dera.

* **25 February 1123** (*Hōan 4, on the 28th day of the 1st month''): In the 17th year of Emperor Toba's reign, the emperor abdicated. Toba took the title *Daijō-tennō.*  The succession (*senso*) was received by a his son, Akihito.  

* **1123** (*Hōan 4, 2nd month*): Sutoku accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (*sokui*). This was  in ceremonies.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Set Fire to the Rain

"**Set Fire to the Rain**" is the second hit song from Adele's second album *21*. It was her third number-one single in the United States. It hit #1 on *Billboard* Hot 100, becoming her third song to do so. It reached number 12 on the year-end chart of 2012 in the US. It has also been certified quadruple-Platinum for shipments of over four million copies in the US.

## Music video
No proper music video was shot for "Set Fire to the Rain" (as well as other singles from *21*, "Rumor Has It" and "Turning Tables") as Adele had recently undergone vocal surgery. Instead, a live performance video was uploaded to her Vevo account and has received more than 380 million views as of October 2017.

## Awards 
## Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from *21* liner notes.
* Adele – Songwriting, vocals
* Fraser T. Smith – Songwriting, production, mixer, bass guitar, piano
* Eleanor Mathieson, Hayley Pomfrett, Jenny Sacha, Jo Allen, Kotono Sato, Natalia Bonner, Rustom Pomeroy, Stephanie Cavey, Wired Strings – violin
* Amy Stanford, Emma Owens, Jane Oliver, Lucy Shaw – strings
* Isabel Seeliger-Morley, Beatriz Artola, Steve Price – engineers
* Ash Soan – drums
* Rosie Danvers – string arrangement, strings

## Release history
## References
## Other websites 
* "Set Fire to the Rain" Lyrics
Seattle Thunderbirds

The **Seattle Thunderbirds** are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1977. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Kent, Washington, south of Seattle, at the ShoWare Center. They were known as the Vancouver Nats from 1971 to 73, the Kamloops Chiefs from 1973 to 77, and the Seattle Breakers from 1977 to 85. 

## Other websites
*Official website
Twelve Variations on "Ah vous dirai-je, Maman"

**Twelve Variations on "Ah vous dirai-je, Maman"**, K. 265/300e, is a piece of music for piano. It was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1781 or 1782. The variations were first published in Vienna in 1785.  Later analysis of Mozart's manuscript indicated 1781/1782 as the probable composition date.

## References
## Other websites
*  by Wim Winters
Russian Communist Workers' Party – Revolutionary Party of Communists

, Russia.]]
The **Communist Workers Party of Russia - Revolutionary Party of Communists (RCWP-RPC)** (Russian: Российская Коммунистическая Рабочая Партия – Революционная Партия Коммунистов)is a Communist political party in Russia. The party was created in October 2001, wanting to bring Communism and the Soviet Union back.

The RCWP-PRC is run by Viktor Tyulkin.

In the 1999 State Duma Election, the party got 1,481,890 votes overall. As of 2006, the party claims 55,000 members. The party also has no representatives in the State Duma or the Regional Parliaments.
Izhevsk

**Izhevsk** (Russian: **Иже́вск**) is the capital city of Udmurt Republic in Russia. The population is 628,116 people. From 1984 to 1987, the city's name was Ustinov (in honour of the  Minister of Defense of the USSR and the Marshal of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Ustinov).

## Economy 
Izhevsk is a major economic center for the Udmurt Republic. Military industry is the most popular type of economy in Izhevsk. Many military companies operate in the city. The companies produce military guns that are popular in Russia and other countries. The companies also are known to produce automobiles. In 2006, the Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez took a tour in the city, and he wanted to purchase many of the popular weapons available.

## Climate 
## Cityscape 
### Popular Buildings and Structures 
]]

* St. Michael's Cathedral
* Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

### Izhevsk Pond 
The Izhevsk Pond is one of the most famous recreational places. It is about 22 km2, and it was artificially made (some parts were even made by hand). The pond was created in the 1760s for the industry.
Eikyū

was a  after ''Ten'ei* and before *Gen'ei.*  This period started in July 1113 and ended in April 1118.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the *Eikyū* Era
* **1113** (*Eikyū 1, 4th month*): Fujiwara Tadasane was given the office of *kampaku*.

* **1113** (*Eikyū 1, 4th month*): Emperor Toba visited Matsunoo-taisha and the Kitano Tenman-gū.

* **1113** (*Eikyū 1, 10th month*): Toba visited the temples on Mount Hiei near Kyoto.

* **1113** (*Eikyū 1, 11th month ''): Toba visited the Inari Shrine and the Yasaka Shrine  which was then called the "Gion Shrine".

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Newbery Medal

The **John Newbery Medal** is a literary award of the American Library Association (ALA).

The medal is given to writers of books for children.

## History
The Newbery Medal has been given since 1922.  It was the first children's literary award in the world.  It is named for John Newbery, an 18th century English publisher of books for children.

Since 1971, there has also been the "Newbery Honor". Each year, one or more books are named "Newbery Honor books". Some books from before 1971 were also named Newbery Honor books.

## Recipients
Books with a yellow background won the Newbery Medal. Books with a white background are Newbery Honor Books.

 won the first Newbery Medal in 1922 for his book *The Story of Mankind*.]]

 was the first Indian American to with the Newbery Medal.]]

 wrote five books named a Newbery Honor between 1938 and 1944.]] (right) won the Newbery Medal in 1943 for *Adam of the Road*, which was illustrated by Robert Lawson, who won the Newbery Medal himself in 1945.]]

, who won two Newbery Honors and one Newbery Medal, wrote series that were connected by themes rather than characters.]]

 won a Newbery Honor for ''Charlotte's Web* for which he also recorded an unabridged audiobook.]]

 won both a Newbery Medal and Honor.]]

 won two Newbery Honors for her *Ramona* series and the Medal for *Dear Mr. Henshaw*.|alt=Cleary at her desk writing, joined in the photo by her cat.]]

 won the Newbery Medal in 1989, two years after his father Sid Fleischman won it.]]

 won two Newbery Medals four years apart.]]

 is one of many authors to have been awarded both the Newbery Medal and Newbery Honor.]] followed her 1995 Newbery Honor with a 1996 Newbery Medal.]]

 has been both a winner and Honor recipient.]]

 won in 1999 for *Holes*.]]

 is one of six authors to have been a Newbery winner multiple times.]]

 has been a Newbery Honor recipient four times.]]

 won a Newbery Honor and Newbery Medal for the first two books he published, *The Watsons Go to Birmingham – 1963* and *Bud, Not Buddy''.]]

## Related pages
* Kate Greenaway Medal

## References
## Other websites
* Newbery Medal Home Page, American Library Association
* Interview with Newbery Judge, on Beyond the Margins
Fujikawa, Yamanashi

**Fujikawa**  is a town in Minamikoma District, Yamanashi, Japan.

On March 8, 2010 the towns of Masuho and Kajikazawa combined to become the new town of "Fujikawa".

## Other websites
* Fujikawa official website
École des technologies numériques appliquées

The **École des technologies numériques appliquées** (**ETNA**) is a French private graduate school in information technology and computer science. It was made in 2005 and is in Ivry-sur-Seine.

The school has two courses, software development and computer network/security, and delivers a degree recognized by French State. It teaches with a dual education system.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Lippelo

**Lippelo** is a small town in the Belgian province of Antwerp. It is a part of the municipality of Sint-Amands. Lippelo had 1173 people as of January 1 2006.

## History 
Lippelo was an independent municipality until 1976. Then, it became, along with Oppuurs, part of the municipality of Sint-Amands.

## Geography 
Lippelo has an area of 4,14 km².

## Demography 
### Evolution of the population 
#### 19th century 
#### 20th century until 1976
Handel's Largo

"'''Handel's Largo'*" is the popular title for an aria composed by George Frideric Handel. He wrote it in 1738 for the opera *Serse* (). The opera was a failure. It closed after only five performances. One hundred years later though the aria was resurrected. It became a big hit. It was performed at solemn occasions such as funerals and weddings. It was arranged for all sorts of instruments and voices. It is known by many people as *Ombra mai fu'' because those words are the first words of the aria. The title is Italian and means "Never was a shade". The aria is sung by the main character, Xerxes I of Persia. He is admiring the shade of a tree. The original tempo is larghetto (a little slow and solemn). The aria is short. It is only 52 bars long. It lasts about four minutes. In the opera, a string section accompanies the singer. These strings are first and second violins, viola, and basses. The key signature is F major. The time signature is 4/4 time. 

## Other websites 
* "Ombra mai fu" at The Aria Database
Naoemon Shimizu

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Shimizu was born in Hiroshima Prefecture. He played for his local club Rijo Shukyu-Dan. He won 1924 and 1925 Emperor's Cup with international players Shizuo Miyama and Sachi Kagawa.

In May 1923, Shimizu was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines. This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match". Next day, he played and scored a goal against Republic of China. But Japan lost in both matches (1-2, v Philippines and 1-5, v Republic of China). He played 2 games and scored 1 goal for Japan in 1923.

After retirement, Shimizu kept a kimono shop in Hiroshima. However, on August 6, 1945, he (aged 44) died with his wife (aged 38) (Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki).

## Statistics
|-
|1923||2||1
|-
!Total||2||1
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Water Music (Handel)

*(left)* and King George I on the Thames, 17 July 1717]]

The ***Water Music*** is a group of pieces for Baroque orchestra. The pieces were composed by George Frideric Handel. The *Water Music* is made up of three suites. These suites include minuets, hornpipes, bourrées, and other dances. In total, there are three suites (F major, D major, G major), made up of 22 individual pieces. 

Legend says the three suites were first played on a trip taken by King George I of Great Britain up the Thames to Chelsea or Lambeth on 17 July 1717. The King had known Handel for a long time. For some reason though, he was angry with Handel.  The *Water Music* was Handel's way of appeasing the King. Fifty musicians floated alongside the King's barge playing the suites. The King was so pleased he ordered *Water Music* played three times.

Another legend has it that he played it for a party King George was having. It says he hired Handel to write a piece of music for him and his royal friends to listen to while sailing in the water; thus the name Water Music.

All the instruments in the Baroque orchestra were included in the composition, except the harpsichord and timpani. It would have been difficult to bring these instruments aboard a barge. The instruments in a complete performance are a flute, two recorders, two oboes, one bassoon, two horns, two trumpets, strings, and continuo.

## Other websites 
*
Ryuzo Shimizu

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Shimizu was born on September 30, 1902. After graduating from Tokyo Aoyama Normal School, he played for Tokyo Shukyu-Dan which was founded by his alma mater school graduates.

In May 1923, Shimizu was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines and scored a goal in the 5th minute. However, Japan was lost at the end. This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match" and this goal is Japan team first goal in International A Match. Next day, he also played against Republic of China. But Japan lost in both matches (1-2, v Philippines and 1-5, v Republic of China). He played 2 games and scored 1 goal for Japan in 1923.

## Statistics
|-
|1923||2||1
|-
!Total||2||1
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Fukusaburo Harada

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Harada played for Osaka SC which was founded by his alma mater Meisei Commercial High School graduates with many Japan national team players Kiyoo Kanda, Shiro Azumi, Usaburo Hidaka, Toshio Hirabayashi, Setsu Sawagata, Kikuzo Kisaka, Yoshio Fujiwara and Shumpei Inoue.

In May 1923, Harada was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines. This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match". Next day, he also played against Republic of China. But Japan lost in both matches (1-2, v Philippines and 1-5, v Republic of China). He played 2 games for Japan in 1923. He was also selected Japan for 1925 Far Eastern Championship Games, but he did not compete, as he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Yanosuke Watanabe.

## Statistics
|-
|1923||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Yoshio Fujiwara

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
After graduating from Mikage Higher Normal School, Fujiwara played for Osaka SC which many Japan national team players Kiyoo Kanda, Shiro Azumi, Fukusaburo Harada, Usaburo Hidaka, Toshio Hirabayashi, Setsu Sawagata, Kikuzo Kisaka and Shumpei Inoue were playing in those days.

In May 1923, Fujiwara was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines. But Japan lost this match (1-2). This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match".

## Statistics
|-
|1923||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Standing start

A **standing start** is a type of start in auto racing events where cars are standing still when the race begins. In a standing start, cars are completely still when a green signal is given to start the race. This often follows a set of lights that count down to the start of the race. Standing starts are common in many motorsports, including drag racing, most single-seat (Formula One and GP2 Series), Touring Cars (most notably British and World Touring Cars), V8 Supercars, and many types of short-course off-road races. The standing start often occurs following a parade lap.

The opposite of a standing start is a rolling start. Standing starts are often deemed safer in Formula sports because of high acceleration speeds, which could cause problems if a rolling start were used. A standing start can cause problems like stalled cars being hit by the driver who starts behind them on the grid. Motorsports using standing starts usually penalize drivers who "jump the start", or redlight, by moving before the green light is lit.

## References
Yoshimatsu Oyama

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
After graduating from Kwansei Gakuin University, Oyama played for Osaka SC which many Japan national team players Toshio Miyaji, Uichiro Hatta, Sakae Takahashi and Kiyonosuke Marutani were playing in those days.

In May 1925, Oyama was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 17, he debuted against Philippines. On May 20, he also played against Republic of China. But Japan lost in both matches (0-4, v Philippines and 0-2, v Republic of China). He played 2 games for Japan in 1925.

## Statistics
|-
|1925||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Alcina

***Alcina*** is an opera seria with music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto was written by Riccardo Broschi. The opera is based on an episode in Ludovico Ariosto's *Orlando furioso*, an epic poem set in the time of Charlemagne's wars against Islam. Handel composed several little ballets in the opera for the famous dancer Marie Sallé.

*Alcina* was first performed on 16 April 1735 at Covent Garden in London. It was revived in Germany in 1738. It was not performed again until 1928.

Joan Sutherland sang the role for her debut in Venice in 1960. She sang it again the same year in Dallas. She sang it at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in 1962. Renée Fleming sang the role in Chicago in 1999.

## Roles 
* Alcina, a sorceress - soprano
* Morgana, her sister - soprano
* Oberto, a boy searching for his father - boy soprano
* Ruggiero, a knight and Bradamente's fiancé - mezzo-soprano castrato
* Bradamante, Ruggiero's fiancée - mezzo-soprano
* Oronte, Morgana's lover - tenor
* Melisso, Ruggiero's former tutor - bass

## Story 
Alcina is a sorceress. She changes people into stones, trees, and animals. Bradamente lands on Alcina's island looking for her fiancé Ruggiero. He has been enchanted by Alcina. He is in love with her.

Bradamente has a magic ring that allows her to break spells. She intends to use it to free Alcina's victims. She lets Ruggiero wear it. He sees at once that Alcina is a cruel enchantress and that her island is a desert.

Alcina is truly in love with Ruggiero. Her magic powers slip away. Bradamente and Ruggiero destroy an urn that is the source of Alcina's power. Alcina's world disappears. Her victims become humans again.

## References 
* Dean, Winton (2006), ''Handel's Operas, 1726-1741'', Boydell Press,   (The second of the two volume definitive reference on the operas of Handel)

## Other websites 
*Libretto from www.librettidopera.it
*Summary  from Opera-Opera.com  (Second section down)
*[http://www.bayerische.staatsoper.de/c.php/kosmosoper/video.php?l=de&dom=dom1 ]  from Bayerische Staatsoper (Bavarian State Opera). Video clip
* http://www.semperoper.de/en/oper/premieren/detailansicht/details/55803/besetzung/1357.html  Video clip from Semperoper, November 2011 Dresden
*Full score (German Handel Society: Leipzig. 1868)
Shojiro Sugimura

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. He is sometimes known as **Shojiro Nomura** (野村 正二郎).

## Biography
Sugimura was born in Osaka on April 4, 1905. He played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. At the club, he played with many Japan national team players Shigeyoshi Suzuki, Haruo Arima, Misao Tamai, Tamotsu Asakura, Shigeru Takahashi, Nagayasu Honda, Ko Takamoro and Michiyo Taki.

In August 1927, when Sugimura was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Shanghai. At this competition, on August 27, he debuted against Republic of China.

After retirement, Sugimura joined Japan Football Association and served as a director. He also worked Ministry of Education, Science and Culture and taught as professor at Sophia University.

On January 15, 1975, Sugimura died of myocardial infarction in Bunkyo, Tokyo at the age of 69.

## Statistics
|-
|1927||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Junji Nishikawa

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Nishikawa was born on June 29, 1907. In August 1927, when he was a Hosei University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Shanghai. At this competition, on August 27, he debuted against Republic of China. On August 29, he also played against Philippines and Japan won this match. This is Japan national team first victory in "International A Match". He played 2 games for Japan in 1927.

## Statistics
|-
|1927||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Kiyonosuke Marutani

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Marutani played for Osaka SC which was founded by his alma mater Meisei Commercial High School graduates and many Japan national team players Yoshimatsu Oyama, Toshio Miyaji, Uichiro Hatta and Sakae Takahashi were playing in those days.

In May 1925, Marutani was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 20, he debuted against Republic of China. But Japan lost in this match (0-2).

## Statistics
|-
|1925||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Tameo Ide

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Ide was born in Shizuoka on November 27, 1908. He played Tokyo OB Club. He won 1933 Emperor's Cup with Shiro Teshima and Teiichi Matsumaru at the club.

In May 1930, when Ide was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines.

Ide died on August 17, 1998 at the age of 89.

## Statistics
|-
|1930||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Teruo Abe

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Abe played for Kwangaku Club which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. He played with many Japan national team players Yukio Goto, Hideo Sakai and so on.

In May 1934, Abe was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. On May 15, he also played against Philippines. He played 2 games for Japan in 1934.

## Statistics
|-
|1934||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Shiro Teshima

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Teshima was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on February 26, 1907. He played for Tokyo OB Club and won the 1933 Emperor's Cup with Shigemaru Takenokoshi and Teiichi Matsumaru.

In May 1930, when Teshima was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted and scored a goal against Philippines. On May 29, he also played and scored a goal against Republic of China. He played 2 games and scored 2 goals for Japan in 1930.

After graduating from Tokyo Imperial University, Teshima retired playing career and joined Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. In 1940, he joined Tanabe Pharmaceutical and helps develop the club.

Teshima died on November 6, 1982 at the age of 75. In 2008, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

## Statistics
|-
|1930||2||2
|-
!Total||2||2
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
*Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association
Klein-Brabant

**Klein-Brabant** is a Flemish region in the Belgian province of Antwerp.

The region got a lot of attention during and after the broadcasting of the Eén series *Stille Waters*. Also the yearly *Dodentocht* and the *Schelde Internationale Muziekstroom-route* contribute to the image of the region.

The region includes the municipalities of Sint-Amands, Bornem and Puurs. There is also a police zone which is named *Politiezone Klein-Brabant*.
Lee Yoo-hyung

**Lee Yoo-Hyung** (January 21, 1911 - January 29, 2003) was a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Japan national team in 1940.

## International career statistics
|-
|1940||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
* Japan Football Association
Takashi Kasahara

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Kasahara was born on March 26, 1918. He played for Keio University. He won the 1937 Emperor's Cup. He also played for Keio BRB which was consisted of his alma mater Keio University players and graduates. He won the 1939 and 1940 Emperor's Cup at the club with Yukio Tsuda, Hirokazu Ninomiya and Saburo Shinosaki. 1940 Emperor's Cup was the last Emperor's Cup before the war because Emperor's Cup was suspended for World War II from 1941 to 1945.

On June 16, 1940, when Kasahara was a Keio University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Philippines and Japan won the match. This match was the first match since 1936 Summer Olympics and the only match in the 1940s in Japan's "International A Match" due to World War II.

## Statistics
|-
|1940||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Yozo Aoki

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Aoki was born on April 10, 1929. He played for Chiyoda Life.

On January 5, 1955, he debuted for the Japan national team against Burma.

## Statistics
|-
|1955||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
South India

**South India** is often used to refer to the states and territories in the southern part of the Republic of India. In general, one of the following is meant:
*Andhra Pradesh
*Telangana
*Karnataka
*Kerala
*Tamil Nadu
*Lakshadweep, a group of Islands, and union territory
*Puducherry or Pondicherry, another union territory made up of city states along the coast.

Its a diverse region with many cultures and people
Still Got It

"**Still Got It**" is a song by Tyga featuring Drake, from Tyga's album *Careless World: Rise of the Last King*. The song debuted at number 89 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 on the week ending October 29, 2011.

## Charts 
## References
Barkerville, British Columbia

**Barkerville** is a ghost town in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The peak population of Barkerville was 5,000. Barkerville is classified as a historic town. The Chinese were also a major part in the history of Barkerville as they built most of the businesses, cabins and both provided social services and resolved disputes within the Chinese community without having to use BC courts.

The town was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1924.

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website