September 21

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1217 &ndash; Livonian Crusade: Estonian tribal leader Lembitu and Livonian tribal leader Kaupo are killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day.
* 1327 &ndash; After rejecting the throne, King Edward II of England is murdered in Berkeley, Gloucester.
* 1435 &ndash; An agreement between Charles VII of France and Philip the Good ends the partnership between the English and Burgundy in the Hundred Years' War.
* 1745 &ndash; A Hanoverian army is defeated at the Battle of Prestonpans by the Jacobites under Charles Edward Stuart.
* 1776 &ndash; Parts of New York City are burned shortly after being occupied by British forces.
* 1780 &ndash; Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point.
* 1792 &ndash; The National Convention in France abolishes the monarchy.
* 1843 &ndash; John Williams Wilson takes control of the Strait of Magellan, representing the newly independent Chilean government.
* 1846 &ndash; Mexican-American War: The Battle of Monterrey begins.
* 1860 &ndash; In the Second Opium War, an Anglo–French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao.
* 1896 &ndash; A British force under Horatio Kitchener takes Dongola, Sudan.
* 1898 &ndash; Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1921 &ndash; A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 561 people.
* 1934 &ndash; A large typhoon hits western Honshu, Japan, killing 3,036 people.
* 1937 &ndash; J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is published.
* 1938 &ndash; The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island, killing between 500 and 700 people.
* 1939 &ndash; Romanian Prime Minister Armand Calinescu is killed by ultranationalist members of the Iron Guard.
* 1942 &ndash; In Dunaivtski, Ukraine, the Nazis murder 2,588 Jews.
* 1949 &ndash; The People's Republic of China established in Beijing.
* 1960 &ndash; The Flag of Panama is flown next to the Flag of the United States at the Panama Canal for the first time.
* 1961 &ndash; First flight of the CH–47 Chinook transportation helicopter.
* 1964 &ndash; Malta becomes independent.
* 1965 &ndash; Gambia, the Maldives and Singapore join the UN.
* 1971 &ndash; Bahrain, Bhutan and Qatar join the UN.
* 1972 &ndash; Ferdinand Marcos declares Martial Law in the Philippines.
* 1976 &ndash; The Seychelles join the UN.
* 1981 &ndash; Belize is granted independence from the United Kingdom.
* 1984 &ndash; Sandra Day O'Connor is unanimously approved by the United States Senate to become the first female Justice on the United States Supreme Court.
* 1984 &ndash; Brunei joins the UN.
* 1989 &ndash; Hurricane Hugo hits the US state of South Carolina.
* 1991 &ndash; Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union.
* 1993 &ndash; The Russian Constitutional Crisis of 1993 begins, as President Boris Yeltsin suspends parliament and scraps the then–functioning constitution.
* 1993 &ndash; A Tupolev Tu–134 aircraft is shot down by Abkhazian separatists near Sokhumi, Georgia.
* 1999 &ndash; An earthquake in Taiwan leaves 2,400 people dead.

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; 31 people are killed in a chemical explosion in Toulouse, France.
* 2003 &ndash; The Galileo mission is ended by sending the probe into Jupiter's atmosphere, where it is crushed by the pressure at the lower altitudes.
* 2004 &ndash; In Dubai, building work begins on what would become the Burj Khalifa. It was opened on January 4, 2010 as the world's tallest building, at a height of 828 metres.
* 2013 &ndash; Westgate shopping mall shooting: A shooting attack on a shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya, kills at least 68 people, and many people are taken hostage. Somali militant group Al-Shabaab claims responsibility.
* 2013 &ndash; An attack at a funeral in Sadr City, Iraq, kills at least 60 people.
* 2016 &ndash; A boat estimated to be carrying hundreds of people sinks off Alexandria, Egypt, and is believed to have killed most of those on board.

## Births 
### Up to 1800 
* 1051 &ndash; Bertha of Savoy, German queen and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1087)
* 1154 &ndash; Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon (d. 1208)
* 1328 &ndash; Hongwu, Emperor of China (d. 1398)
* 1371 &ndash; Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1440)
* 1411 &ndash; Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, pretender to the English throne (d. 1460)
* 1415 &ndash; Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1493)
* 1428 &ndash; Jingtai, Emperor of China (d. 1457)
* 1452 &ndash; Girolamo Savonarola, Italian philosopher and priest (d. 1498)
* 1457 &ndash; Hedwig Jagiellon, Duchess of Bavaria (d. 1502)
* 1559 &ndash; Cigoli, Florentine painter, architect and sculptor (d. 1613)
* 1629 &ndash; Philip Howard, English cardinal (d. 1594)
* 1640 &ndash; Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (d. 1701)
* 1645 &ndash; Louis Jolliet, French–Canadian explorer (d. 1700)
* 1705 &ndash; Dick Turpin, English outlaw (d. 1739)
* 1706 &ndash; Polyxena of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1735)
* 1752 &ndash; Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern, wife of Charles Eduard Stuart (d. 1824)
* 1756 &ndash; John Loudon McAdam, Scottish engineer and road builder (d. 1836)
* 1757 &ndash; James Jackson, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1806)
* 1758 &ndash; Christopher Gore, 8th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1827)
* 1760 &ndash; Ivan Dimitriev, Russian statesman (d. 1837)
* 1788 &ndash; Margaret Taylor, First Lady of the United States (d. 1852)
* 1791 &ndash; Istvan Szechenyi, Hungarian entrepreneur and state reformer (d. 1860)
* 1792 &ndash; Johann Peter Eckermann, German poet (d. 1854)

### 1801 &ndash; 1900 
* 1801 &ndash; Moritz Hermann von Jacobi, German–Russian physicist and engineer (d. 1874)
* 1817 &ndash; John Allan Broun, Scottish scientist (d. 1879)
* 1819 &ndash; Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France (d. 1864)
* 1840 &ndash; Murad V, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1904)
* 1842 &ndash; Abd-ul-Hamid, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918)
* 1845 &ndash; Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (d. 1923)
* 1846 &ndash; Mihaly Kolossa, Hungarian–Slovenian writer (d. 1906)
* 1849 &ndash; Maurice Barrymore, Indian–American actor (d. 1905)
* 1853 &ndash; Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1913 (d. 1926)
* 1859 &ndash; Francesc Macia i Llussa, Catalan army officer and politician (d. 1933)
* 1863 &ndash; John Bunny, American movie comedian (d. 1915)
* 1864 &ndash; Elena Vacarescu, Romanian writer (d. 1947)
* 1866 &ndash; H. G. Wells, English writer (d. 1946)
* 1866 &ndash; Charles Nicolle, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928 (d. 1936)
* 1867 &ndash; Henry L. Stimson, American politician (d. 1950)
* 1869 &ndash; Carlo Airoldi, Italian marathon runner (d. 1929)
* 1872 &ndash; Henry Tingle Wilde, British chief officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1912)
* 1873 &ndash; Papa Jack Laine, American musician (d. 1966)
* 1874 &ndash; Gustav Holst, English composer (d. 1934)
* 1890 &ndash; Max Immelmann, German fighter pilot (d. 1918)
* 1896 &ndash; Walter Breuning, American supercentenarian (d. 2011)
* 1899 &ndash; Frederick Coutts, 8th General of the Salvation Army (d. 1986)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Luis Cernuda, Spanish poet (d. 1963)
* 1902 &ndash; E. E. Evans-Pritchard, British ethnologist (d. 1973)
* 1902 &ndash; Toyen, Czech painter (d. 1980)
* 1909 &ndash; Kwame Nkrumah, 1st President of Ghana (d. 1972)
* 1912 &ndash; Chuck Jones, American animator (d. 2002)
* 1912 &ndash; Gyorgy Sandor, Hungarian pianist (d. 2005)
* 1916 &ndash; Françoise Giroud, French feminist journalist and writer (d. 2003)
* 1918 &ndash; John Gofman, American scientist (d. 2007)
* 1919 &ndash; Mario Bunge, Argentine philosopher and physicist
* 1924 &ndash; Hermann Buhl, Austrian mountaineer (d. 1957)
* 1926 &ndash; Donald A. Glaser, American physicist (d. 2013)
* 1926 &ndash; Don Dunstan, 35th Premier of South Australia (d. 1999)
* 1926 &ndash; Noor Jehan, Pakistani singer and actress (d. 2000)
* 1928 &ndash; Edouard Glissant, French writer (d. 2011)
* 1929 &ndash; Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer (d. 1979)
* 1929 &ndash; Bernard Williams, English philosopher (d. 2003)
* 1931 &ndash; Larry Hagman, American actor (d. 2012)
* 1932 &ndash; Don Preston, American musician and movie score composer
* 1932 &ndash; Shirley Conran, English journalist and writer
* 1934 &ndash; Leonard Cohen, Canadian singer, musician, poet and writer (d. 2016)
* 1934 &ndash; David J. Thouless, Scottish–American physicist (d. 2019)
* 1935 &ndash; Jimmy Armfield, English footballer (d. 2018)
* 1936 &ndash; Sunny Murray, American jazz drummer (d. 2017)
* 1936 &ndash; Yury Luzhkov, Russian politician, former Mayor of Moscow
* 1939 &ndash; Agnivesh, Indian activist and politician
* 1940 &ndash; Rick May, Canadian–American actor and voice actor (d. 2020)
* 1941 &ndash; R. James Woolsey, Jr., American 16th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
* 1944 &ndash; Fannie Flagg, American actress, comedienne and author
* 1944 &ndash; Steve Beshear, American politician, Governor of Kentucky
* 1945 &ndash; Bjarni Tryggvason, Iceland–born Canadian engineer and astronaut
* 1945 &ndash; Jerry Bruckheimer, American movie and television producer
* 1945 &ndash; Shaw Clifton, 18th General of the Salvation Army
* 1946 &ndash; Moritz Leuenberger, Swiss Federal Councillor
* 1946 &ndash; Mart Siimann, former Prime Minister of Estonia
* 1947 &ndash; Stephen King, American writer
* 1947 &ndash; Don Felder, American rock music guitarist
* 1947 &ndash; Nick Castle, American actor
* 1947 &ndash; Ed Nimmervoll, Austrian–Australian rock musician, journalist, author and historian (d. 2014)
* 1947 &ndash; Keith Harris, English ventriloquist (d. 2015)
* 1947 &ndash; Rói Patursson, Faroese writer and philosopher
* 1949 &ndash; Odilo Scherer, Brazilian cardinal
* 1950 &ndash; Charles Clarke, British politician
* 1950 &ndash; Bill Murray, American actor

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Bruce Arena, American soccer coach
* 1951 &ndash; Aslan Maskhadov, President of Chechnya (d. 2005)
* 1952 &ndash; Anneliese Michel, German exorcism victim (d. 1976)
* 1953 &ndash; Reinhard Marx, German archbishop and cardinal
* 1954 &ndash; Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2022)
* 1954 &ndash; Phil Taylor, British musician (Motorhead) (d. 2015)
* 1955 &ndash; Richard Hieb, American astronaut
* 1955 &ndash; Mika Kaurismaki, Finnish director
* 1957 &ndash; Ethan Coen, American movie director
* 1957 &ndash; Sidney Moncrief, American basketball player
* 1957 &ndash; Kevin Rudd, 26th Prime Minister of Australia
* 1958 &ndash; Rick Mahorn, American basketball player
* 1959 &ndash; Crin Antonescu, Romanian politician
* 1959 &ndash; Dave Coullier, American actor
* 1961 &ndash; Nancy Travis, American actress
* 1961 &ndash; Dan Borislow, American entrepreneur, sports team owner and inventor (d. 2014)
* 1962 &ndash; Rob Morrow, American actor
* 1963 &ndash; Curtly Ambrose, Antiguan-Barbudan cricketer
* 1964 &ndash; Carlos Aguilera, Uruguayan footballer
* 1965 &ndash; Cheryl Hines, American actress
* 1965 &ndash; David Wenham, Australian actor
* 1967 &ndash; Faith Hill, American singer
* 1967 &ndash; Suman Pokhrel, Nepalese poet
* 1967 &ndash; Tyler Stewart, Canadian drummer (Barenaked Ladies)
* 1968 &ndash; Ricki Lake, American actress and talk show hostess
* 1970 &ndash; Rob Benedict, American actor
* 1970 &ndash; Samantha Power, Irish–born 28th United States Ambassador to the United Nations
* 1971 &ndash; Alfonso Ribeiro, American actor
* 1971 &ndash; Luke Wilson, American actor
* 1972 &ndash; David Silveria, American musician
* 1972 &ndash; Liam Gallagher, English singer (Oasis)
* 1973 &ndash; Oswaldo Sánchez, Mexican footballer
* 1974 &ndash; Henning Fritz, German handball player
* 1975 &ndash; Ronny Deila, Norwegian football manager

### From 1976 
* 1978 &ndash; Doug Howlett, New Zealand rugby player
* 1978 &ndash; Mario Miranda, Brazilian mixed martial artist
* 1979 &ndash; Chris Gayle, Jamaican cricketer
* 1979 &ndash; Richard Dunne, Irish footballer
* 1979 &ndash; James Allan, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1980 &ndash; Kareena Kapoor, Indian actress
* 1980 &ndash; Autumn Reeser, American actress
* 1980 &ndash; Tomas Scheckter, South African racing driver
* 1980 &ndash; Nyree Kindred, Welsh swimmer
* 1981 &ndash; Rimi Sen, Indian actress
* 1981 &ndash; Nicole Richie, American socialite
* 1982 &ndash; Marat Izmailov, Russian footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Anna Meares, Australian cyclist
* 1983 &ndash; Fernando Cavenaghi, Argentine footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Maggie Grace, American actress
* 1983 &ndash; Greg Jennings, American football player
* 1987 &ndash; Ryan Guzman, American actor
* 1987 &ndash; Ashley Paris, American basketball player
* 1987 &ndash; Courtney Paris, American basketball player
* 1988 &ndash; Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, Pakistani politician
* 1989 &ndash; Jason Derulo, American singer
* 1989 &ndash; Emma Watkins, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
* 1990 &ndash; Al-Farouq Aminu, Nigerian–American basketball player
* 1990 &ndash; Christian Serratos, American actress
* 1990 &ndash; Allison Scagliotti, American actress
* 1992 &ndash; Chen, South Korean singer
* 1994 &ndash; Ben Proud, English swimmer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 19 BC &ndash; Virgil, Roman poet (b. 70 BC)
* 454 &ndash; Flavius Aetius, Roman general (b. 396)
* 687 &ndash; Pope Conon (b. 630)
* 1217 &ndash; Lembitu, Estonian tribal leader
* 1217 &ndash; Kaupo, Livonian tribal leader
* 1327 &ndash; King Edward II of England (b. 1284)
* 1558 &ndash; Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1500)
* 1576 &ndash; Gerolamo Cardano, Italian doctor, philosopher and mathematician (b. 1501)
* 1643 &ndash; Huang Taiji, Chinese Emperor (b. 1592)
* 1743 &ndash; Jai Singh II, Indian King (b. 1688)
* 1798 &ndash; George Read, Signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1733)
* 1810 &ndash; Mir Taqi Mir, Urdu poet (b. 1723)
* 1832 &ndash; Walter Scott, Scottish writer (b. 1771)
* 1852 &ndash; William Badger, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1779)
* 1860 &ndash; Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher (b. 1788)
* 1880 &ndash; Manuel Montt, 6th President of Chile (b. 1809)
* 1895 &ndash; Viktor Rydberg, Swedish writer (b. 1828)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1904 &ndash; Chief Joseph, Nez Perce leader (b. 1840)
* 1906 &ndash; Samuel Arnold, American conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1838)
* 1926 &ndash; Léon Charles Thévenin, French engineer (b. 1857)
* 1929 &ndash; Nathaniel Edwin Harris, American politician (b. 1846)
* 1933 &ndash; Kenji Miyazawa, Japanese author and poet (b. 1896)
* 1939 &ndash; Armand Calinescu, Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1893)
* 1943 &ndash; Kingsley Wood, British politician (b. 1881)
* 1947 &ndash; Harry Carey, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1846)
* 1953 &ndash; Necmettin Sadak, Turkish politician (b. 1890)
* 1954 &ndash; Kokichi Mikimoto, Japanese inventor (b. 1858)
* 1957 &ndash; Haakon VII, King of Norway (b. 1872)
* 1963 &ndash; Paulino Masip, Spanish author, playwright and screenwriter (b. 1899)
* 1966 &ndash; Paul Reynaud, Prime Minister of France (b. 1878)
* 1971 &ndash; Bernardo Houssay, Argentinian doctor, won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1887)
* 1974 &ndash; Walter Brennan, American actor (b. 1894)
* 1976 &ndash; Orlando Letelier, Chilean economist, politician and diplomat (b. 1932)
* 1982 &ndash; Hovhannes Bagramyan, Soviet general (b. 1897)
* 1985 &ndash; Gu Long, Chinese author and screenwriter (b. 1937)
* 1987 &ndash; Jaco Pastorius, American musician (b. 1951)
* 1990 &ndash; Takis Kanellopoulos, Greek movie director and screenwriter (b. 1933)
* 1995 &ndash; Rudy Perpich, American politician (b. 1928)
* 1997 &ndash; Jennifer Holt, American actress (b. 1920)
* 1998 &ndash; Florence Griffith-Joyner, American athlete (b. 1959)

### From 2001 
* 2007 &ndash; Hallgeir Brenden, Norwegian skier (b. 1929)
* 2011 &ndash; Paulette Dubost, French actress (b. 1910)
* 2011 &ndash; Troy Davis, American high–profile death row inmate (b. 1968)
* 2012 &ndash; Henry Bauchau, Belgian psychoanalyst and author (b. 1913)
* 2012 &ndash; Sven Hassel, Danish–German soldier and author (b. 1917)
* 2012 &ndash; Michael Rye, American actor (b. 1918)
* 2014 &ndash; Linda Griffiths, Canadian actress and playwright (b. 1953)
* 2014 &ndash; Caldwell Jones, American basketball player (b. 1950)
* 2014 &ndash; Cecilia Cenci, Argentine actress (b. 1942)
* 2014 &ndash; Frieda Szwillus, German supercentenarian (b. 1902)
* 2014 &ndash; Mike Harari, Israeli intelligence officer (b. 1927)
* 2015 &ndash; Armen Movsisyan, Armenian politician (b. 1962)
* 2015 &ndash; Yoram Gross, Polish–born Australian animation producer and director (b. 1926)
* 2017 &ndash; Liliane Bettencourt, French businesswoman, socialite and heiress (b. 1922)
* 2017 &ndash; William G. Stewart, British game show host (b. 1933)
* 2018 &ndash; Vitaliy Masol, former Prime minister of Ukraine (b. 1928)
* 2018 &ndash; Tran Dai Quang, President of Vietnam (b. 1956)
* 2019 &ndash; Aron Eisenberg, American actor (b. 1969)
* 2019 &ndash; Sid Haig, American actor (b. 1939)
* 2019 &ndash; Sigmund Jaehn, German cosmonaut (b. 1937)
* 2019 &ndash; Günter Kunert, German writer (b. 1929)
* 2019 &ndash; Carl Ruiz, American chef and television personality (b. 1975)
* 2019 &ndash; Jevan Snead, American football player (b. 1987)
* 2019 &ndash; Woo Hye-mi, South Korean pop singer (b. 1988)

## Observances 
* Independence Day (Belize and Malta)
* International Day of Peace
* Spring day in some South American countries

## References