open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Big Six

The term **Big Six** could mean:

* "Big Six" (song), a 1972 UK Top 40 hit single by Judge Dread
* Big Six banks of Canada
* Big Six law firms of Australia
* Big Six Conference, colleges in the midwestern United States involved in athletics and associated conferences, the predecessor to today's Big 12 Conference
* Big Six (civil rights) movement in the United States
*Big six in the romantic literature of England, authors of romantic literature of England
* The Big Six (Ghana), six Ghanaian nationalists jailed by the British colonial government in 1948
* What were the United States "big six auditing firms" (originally the "big eight"), now the big four
* The "Big six" major movie studios
* The "Big Six" Australian cricketers involved in a dispute with cricket authorities in 1912

**The Big Six** is the name of:
* *The Big Six*, a children's novel by Arthur Ransome
* Big Six wheel, a casino game

**Bix Six** is a nickname for:
*Supreme War Council (Japan) during World War II
* Christy Mathewson, baseball pitcher 
* Jason Estrada,  professional boxer 
* Baltimore and Ohio Class S locomotive
* 2-10-2 type locomotives

## Related pages
* Big One
* Big Two
* Big Three
* Big Four
* Big Five
* Big Seven
* Big Eight
Major (disambiguation)

**Major** derives from Latin maior, which means *greater*. It is used in many contexts:

* Major, a military rank.
* An academic major, the primary focus of a Bachelor's degree, in the United States and some other countries.
* In music, **major** (in contrast to minor) is a type of scale, key, chord, or interval; see major and minor. Also:
** major scale
** major chord
** the names of various intervals, such as a major third or major sixth
* In British public school terminology, "**major**" means an older brother or sister (when two people have the same surname), as opposed to "minor".
* In American professional sports, various leagues are described as **major** (or "the majors") when they represent the highest level of competition in their geographic area, such as Major League Baseball or Major League Soccer.
*In American college sports, "major" has multiple meanings. For a more comprehensive discussion of the different meanings of "major" in the college athletics context, see mid-major.
* In golf, a "major championship" is one of an elite tier of annual tournaments (not more than five) recognised by the relevant authorities for a particular branch of the sport. See:
** Men's major golf championships
** Women's major golf championships
** Senior major golf championships
* In snooker, four of the main tournaments in the season are unnofficially known as Major titles
* In English Change Ringing, Major refers to a ringing method rung on eight church bells.
* Major (law) (as opposed to minor (law)), one with the full legal rights of an adult
* People named Major:
** John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1990 – 1997.
** John C. Major, a Canadian judge
** Major Taylor, an American champion cyclist 1899–1901.
** Mark Major, a Canadian ice hockey player.
** William James Major, a Canadian politician and judge
** Major Applewhite, a former Texas Longhorn quarterback and current Alabama assistant coach
** Major Harris, a former college quarterback for the West Virginia Mountaineers
* Characters named Major:
** Major Gowen, a character on the 1970s British TV series *Fawlty Towers*.
** The Major, a character on the 1970s American TV series *Soap*.
** The Major (or simply Major), a nickname for Motoko Kusanagi, a fictional character from the anime/manga series *Ghost in the Shell*.
** Major Major Major Major, a character in Joseph Heller's novel *Catch-22*
** The Major, the leader of Millennium, a Nazi group in *Hellsing*.
* Major (manga), a baseball-related manga/anime series in Japan.
* Major movie studios, film studios (mostly United States-based) that produce many films per year.
*Major record labels, music production and distribution companies that produce most of the music recordings per year.
* Places named Major:
*Major, Saskatchewan, small village in the Canadian province, Saskatchewan

## Related pages
* Majority (disambiguation)
* Majorat
* Mayor
* Majors
Kurt Masur

in 2007]]
**Kurt Masur** (18 July 1927 &ndash; 19 December 2015) was a German conductor. He conducted many of the world’s leading orchestras. He especially likes conducting German Romantic music.

## Early life
Masur was born in Brieg, which was then part of Germany but is now called Brzeg and lies in Poland. He studied piano, composition and conducting in Leipzig.

## Career
His first important conducting job was with the Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra, with whom he worked from 1955 to 1958 and again from 1967 to 1972. He also worked with the Komische Oper of East Berlin. From 1970 to 1996 he was the Kapellmeister (musical director) of the famous Gewandhausorchester Leipzig.

Dresden and Leipzig both lie in what used to be the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). For years Masur worked faithfully for the communist leaders of that country. When the political situation started to change in 1989, he helped to keep the demonstrations peaceful by talking to the politicians and the people and stopping them from fighting.

In 1991, Masur became music director of the New York Philharmonic. He stayed there for over a decade, helping to make them one of the world’s finest orchestras.

From 2000 to 2007, Masur was principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra,. From 2002 to 2008, Masur was music director of the Orchestre National de France.

On his 80th birthday (18 July 2007), Masur conducted musicians from both these orchestras at a Proms concert in London, conducting music by Tchaikovsky and Bruckner.

Masur enjoyed working with young musicians, conducting youth orchestras and giving masterclasses. He has given lessons on the art of conducting Beethoven’s music.

## Personal life
Masur has been married three times. His first wife, with whom he had a daughter, died in 1972 in a car accident. Masur himself was badly injured in that accident. Until his death, he lived with his third wife, Tomoko. They have a son, Ken-David, who has also become a conductor.

On 26 April 2012 Masur fell off the podium while he was conducting the National Orchestra of France at a concert in Paris. He was taken to hospital to recover from his injuries.

Masur died of Parkinson's disease at his home in Greenwich, Connecticut on December 19, 2015 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites 
* Kurt Masur official website
Locus Award

The **Locus Awards** were started in 1971 and are given to winners of ''Locus Magazine's'' yearly readers' poll. Currently, the Locus Awards are given at a yearly banquet. Unusually, the publishers of winning works are given a certificate.

The first Locus Award was given in 1971 for works published in 1970.

## Winners 
The following writers have won the most awards in the "fiction" sections as of July 2005:

### 10 or more awards 
* Ursula K. Le Guin (18), Harlan Ellison (15), Dan Simmons (12), George R. R. Martin (11), John Varley (10)

### 3 - 9 awards 
* Connie Willis (9)
* Orson Scott Card (8), Neil Gaiman (8), Lucius Shepard (8)
* Kim Stanley Robinson (6)
* Robert Silverberg (5), David Brin (5), Gene Wolfe (5)
* Isaac Asimov (4), Joe Haldeman (4), China Miéville (4), Larry Niven (4)
* Michael Bishop (3), Greg Egan (3), Stephen King (3), Kelly Link (3), Lois McMaster Bujold (3), Tim Powers (3), Neal Stephenson (3) Terry Pratchett (3)

## Categories
*Locus Award for Best Novel
*Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel
*Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel
*Locus Award for Best First Novel
*Locus Award for Best Short Story

## References
## Other websites
* Excerpts for Locus winning and nominated books
Seventh Son (book)

***Seventh Son*** (1987) is an alternate history and fantasy book written by Orson Scott Card. It is the first book in Card's *The Tales of Alvin Maker* series about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son, who therefore has special powers. It was nominated for both the Hugo Award for Best Novel and the World Fantasy Award. The idea that the seventh son of a seventh son has special powers is common in folklore around the world.

Seventh sons have strong "knacks" (special powers), and seventh sons of seventh sons are both very rare and vert owerful. In fact, the young Alvin appears to be the only one to be currently in the world, and the only other one who known to have ever existed turned water into wine. Alvin's powers make him the target of the Unmaker, which recognizes Alvin's powers as those of a Maker, who can build and change things, and so the Unmaker tries to kill him.

## References
## Other websites
* About the novel *Seventh Son* from Card's website
Songmaster

***Songmaster*** (1980) is a science fiction book by Orson Scott Card.  The story of the *Songmaster* occurs in a future human empire, and follows Ansset, a young boy whose singing voice has the power of making people's feelings stronger.  This makes him both a possible healer and destroyer. He is trained in the art of singing so perfectly that his songs can show ideas and feelings better than words.  This book was based on Card's short story "Mikal's Songbird".

## Literary significance & criticism
One reviewer said that *Songmaster* was "Quite possibly Card's best published work, ever." The publisher described the story as "...a haunting story of power and love—the tale of the man who would destroy everything he loves to preserve humanity's peace, and the boy who might just sing the world away".

## Awards and nominations
As with some other Card novels (''Ender's Game'', for example), this book started out as a shorter story "Mikal's Songbird", which was a Nebula Award finalist in 1978. *Songmaster* got the Hamilton-Brackett Memorial Award in 1981.

## Translations
*  ("Songmaster"), published by Meulenhoff.
*  ("Master Singer"), published by Bastei Lübbe.
*  ("Master Singer"), published by Nova Ciencia Ficcion.

## References
## Other websites
* About the novel *Songmaster* from Card's website
Allergen

An **allergen** is something that causes allergies in humans.

Dust, pollen and pet dander are all common allergens. It is possible to be allergic to anything from chlorine to perfume. Food allergies are not as common, but some foods, like peanuts, nuts, seafood and shellfish cause serious allergies in lots of people.

## Common allergens 
Some common allergens could be:
*Animal products
**Fel d 1 (cat allergy)
**fur and dander
**cockroach calyx
**dust mite excretion
*Drugs
**penicillin
**sulfonamides
**salicylates (also found naturally in numerous fruits)
**local anaesthetics
*Foods
**celery and celeriac 
**corn or maize
**eggs (typically albumen, the white)
**fruit
***pumpkin
**legumes
***beans
***peas
***peanuts
***soybeans
**milk
**seafood
**sesame
**soy
**tree nuts
***pecans
***almonds
**wheat
*Insect stings
**bee sting venom
**wasp sting venom
**mosquito stings
*Mold spores
*Other
**latex
**metal
*Plant pollens (hay fever)
**grass — ryegrass, timothy-grass
**weeds — ragweed, plantago, nettle, artemisia vulgaris, chenopodium album, sorrel
**trees — birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam, aesculus, willow, poplar, platanus, tilia, olea, Ashe juniper

## References
Red Prophet

***Red Prophet*** (1988) is an alternate history/fantasy book by Orson Scott Card. It is the second book in Card's *The Tales of Alvin Maker* series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son. *Red Prophet* was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1988 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1989.

## Plot summary 
The second book in Card's *The Tales of Alvin Maker* series, *Red Prophet* is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son, which gives him magical powers; Lolla-Wossiky; Tenskwa-Tawa; and Ta-Kumsaw, Lolla-Wossiky's older brother.

It is a separate story, but the book continues and develops many of the themes shown in the first book. When Alvin Miller and his older brother Measure go to the place of his birth, where Alvin is supposed to become apprenticed to the Hattrack River blacksmith, the two brothers are captured by "Reds" (Native Americans) and are brought into a plot with the possibilities to affect the entire future of America.

## Other websites
* About the novel *Red Prophet* from Card's website
Octane

**Octane** is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an alkane with eight carbon atoms. It is commonly used in fuel. It is the most important part of gasoline, because it is the part that lets out most of the energy that comes from gasoline when it is burned. A *high octane* fuel will be better than a *low octane* fuel.
## References
Prentice Alvin

***Prentice Alvin*** (1989) is an alternate history and fantasy book that was written by Orson Scott Card. It is the third book in Card's *The Tales of Alvin Maker* series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son (this gives him magical powers). *Prentice Alvin* was considered for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1989 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990.

## Plot summary 
After being released from his time with Ta-Kumsaw, an Indian leader who taught Alvin the ways of Indian people, Alvin sets out to start his apprenticeship as a Smith in the town in which he was born.

While there he meets a young half-black boy by the name of Arthur Stuart, the son of a slave and a slaveowner who has been taken in by the owners of the town's guesthouse.

Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Peggy Larner, who he later finds out that she is the "torch" who helped him to be born so many years ago, and he has been linked to her since that day.

Eventually, Alvin is forced into helping Arthur to escape from some slavehunters, which requires him to change Arthur's DNA enough to prevent the hunters fromage using their "knacks" (special powers) to find him. Alvin also creates a plow of living gold, which is bestowed with magic, as his journeyman works to release himself from his apprenticeship as a Smith and also as a Maker.

The story ends with Alvin and Arthur leaving the town and going back to Alvin's home in the west.

## Other websites
* About the novel *Prentice Alvin* from Card's website
George Winston

**George Winston** (December 26, 1949 &ndash; June 4, 2023) was an American pianist. He was born in Michigan in 1949 but moved to Montana as a child. Most of his music was about the four seasons and landscapes in the United States.

He released his first album in 1972. Winston became popular with his 1980 album, *Autumn*, which was followed by *Winter into Spring*. His most successful album *December* was released in 1982. He released a total of 16 albums. His 1994 album *Forest* earned him a Grammy award. 

Winston had thyroid cancer, skin cancer, and myelodysplastic syndrome. He died from cancer on June 4, 2023 in Santa Cruz, California at the age of 73.

## Discography
* 1972 *Ballads and Blues*
* 1980 *Autumn*
* 1982 *Winter into Spring*
* 1982 *December*
* 1991 *Summer*
* 1994 *Forest*
* 1996 *Linus and Lucy - The Music of Vince Guaraldi*
* 1999 *Plains*
* 2001 *Remembrance - A Memorial Benefit*
* 2002 *Night Divides the Day - The Music of the Doors*
* 2005 *Montana - A Love Story*
* 2006 *Gulf Coast Blues & Impressions: A Hurricane Relief Benefit*

### Soundtracks 
* 1983 *The Velveteen Rabbit*
* 1995 *Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes*
* 1989 ''A Baker's Dozen of Daily Breads and More''

## References
## Other websites
*George Winston official website
*Dancing Cat Records - Winston's Record Label
Caiman

)]]
The **Caiman** is a subfamily of the Alligators. The alligators are divided into True alligators and caimans. Caimans and true alligators develop slower than the rest of the crocodiles. Their lifestyle is also slower. Because of this, they grow older than the other crocodiles. In total, there are 6 species of caimans. All of them live in South America, the Spectacled Caiman can also be found in Central America.

There are three groups:

* True Caiman (*Caiman*)
** Musky caiman
** Spectacled Caiman (*C. Crocodilus*)
** Yacare Caiman (*C. Yakare*)
** Broad-snouted caiman (*C. latirostris*)

* Paleosuchus (*Dwarf caimans?*)
** Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman
** Smooth-fronted Caiman (*P. trigonatus)*), also known as ''Schneider's Smooth-fronted Caiman*
* Black Caiman (*Melanosuchus niger'') (h) (only member of Melanosuchus)
Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana

**Tangipahoa Parish** is a parish in the U.S. State of Louisiana. The parish was put together from parts of 4 other parishes in 1869. Before it was a parish, many slaves were forced to work on sugar plantations in the area. After the Civil War, the white people continued to be very violent towards the black people they had enslaved. All across the south, there were lynchings against black people. Tangipahoa Parish had more lynchings than any nearby parish. 

## References
## Other websites 
* Visitor's Bureau website, Tangipahoa history
Quetzalcoatl

.]]
**Quetzalcóatl** (pronounced: ketsalˈkoːaːtɬ in Nahuatl), is an Aztec sky and creator god. The name is a combination of *quetzalli*, a brightly colored Mesoamerican bird, and coatl, which means serpent; it is therefore usually translated as "feathered serpent" or "plumed serpent". Quetzalcoatl was often pictured as a snake with feathers, although he was sometimes shown in the form of a human. Quetzalcoatl was associated with the planet Venus, as well as being the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and of knowledge.

The name Quetzalcoatl was also taken on by several ancient Aztec leaders. Many events and characteristics attributed to Quetzalcoatl are therefore exceedingly difficult to separate from the political leaders who took his name. To name one leader Herman Cortes who sailed to the Aztecs to conquer and to steal their gold. Today Quetzalcoatl is arguably the best known Aztec deity but there were several other important Aztec gods too: Tlaloc, Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli. 

Other Mesoamerican cultures have worshipped a feathered serpent god as well: At Teotihuacan the several monumental structures have images of a feathered serpent (See the so-called "Citadel and Temple of Quetzalcoatl"http://gomexico.about.com/od/ancientsites/ss/teotihuacan_2.htm ). One can see similar images at Chichén Itza and Tula. This has led scholars to conclude that the deity called Quetzalcoatl in the Nahuatl language was among the most important deities of Mesoamerica.

## Legends
There are many legends associated with Quetzalcoatl. One legend said that the world had been created four times before, but each time it was destroyed again. Then Quetzalcoatl collected human bones from the underworld and added his own blood to bring them to life. He was therefore considered the creator of the humans living at the time of the Aztec Empire.

Another legend said that Quetzalcoatl had been banished, but that he would return from the east just before the end of the world. This legend has been used to support the idea that the Aztec leader Moctezuma thought that the Spanish *conquistador* Cortés was Quetzalcoatl returning from exile. This would also explain why Moctezuma treated the Spanish so well. However, most historians now think that this idea was invented by the Spanish, and that Moctezuma didn't really think that Cortés was a god.

## Notes

## References
*
*
*
*
*

## Relevant pages 
**Quetzalcoatlus*, a huge pterosaur from the Upper Cretaceous was named after Quetzalcoatl
Cluj County

**Cluj** **County** (Romanian: *Județul Cluj,* Hungarian: *Kolozs megye*) is a county of Romania, in Transylvania. The capital of Cluj County is Cluj-Napoca. About 755,000 people live in Cluj County.

## Geography 
It is located in northwestern Romania. Its county seat is Cluj-Napoca (310,243 residents). Its neighboring counties are Bihor County to the west, Mureș County and Bistrița-Năsăud County to the east, Sălaj County and Maramureș County to the north, and Alba County to the south.

The total area is 6,674 km². One-third of its land is mountainous in the southwestern part of the county, the Munții Gilău (part of the Transylvanian Middle Mountains) with peaks over 1,800 meters. The most important rivers are the Someșul Mic, the Arieș, and the Crișul Reped.

## Divisions 
Cluj County has 5 municipalities, 1 town and 74 communes.

### Municipalities 
* Cluj-Napoca
* Turda
* Dej
* Câmpia Turzii
* Gherla

### Towns 
* Huedin

### Communes
New Orleans Saints

The **New Orleans Saints** are a professional American football team in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The Saints play in the  Southern Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL).

In 1980, the Saints became the first ever NFL team to finish with 1 win and 15 losses.

After a history of bad luck, the Saints won Super Bowl XLIV in the 2009 season off an interception from Peyton Manning by cornerback Tracy Porter. That was also meaningful because only about four years earlier the city was badly hurt when Hurricane Katrina came through in 2005. 

That was later tarnished as in 2012 they and defesnive coodinator Gregg Williams were exposed to have used a bounty stystem, in which players were paid to deliver especially hard/illegal hits to the opponent. Brees denied knowing of the system. The Saints soon recovered and won three straight NFC South division titles.

The team name was inspired by a popular Mardi Gras song called "When the Saints Go Marching In".

The Saints have several famous players including their starting quarterback Drew Brees. They also have running back Alvin Kamara, wide receiver Chris Olave, defensive ends Cameron Jordan and Chase Young, cornerback Kool-Aid McKinstry, and two linebackers in Demario Davis and Kwon Alexander.

After drew Brees's 16 years with the Saints, he retired in the 2021 offseason. 

## References 
* Brees denies knowledge of bounty

## Other websites 
*Official Website
Pattern matching

**Pattern matching** is a tool for finding similar objects in different sources.  In image processing, the pattern matching is used for locating a small image (called model) in a bigger one (called target image).  For searching text, regular expressions are commonly used.

The simple way is to move the model in the target image and measure a similarity in each position.  The position with highest value of similarity will be accepted as result.  The normalized correlation is used as a measure of similarity.  

The common way to reduce  calculations is using the image pyramid.  When using the image pyramid, the search is started on the reduced target image, and results are improved in the next, more detailed one.  This process is similar to the human vision.
Analog Science Fiction and Fact

***Analog Science Fiction and Fact*** is an American science fiction magazine. As of 2007, it is the longest currently published magazine of that genre. First published in 1930 in the United States with the name ***Astounding Stories*** as a pulp magazine, its name has been changed several times, such as ***Astounding Science-Fiction*** in 1938, and  ***Analog Science Fact & Fiction*** in 1960.

## References
*Analog Science Fiction and Fact official web site
*Index (1930-1960) 
*Index (1960-Present)
Gary Lightbody

**Gary Lightbody** was born on 15 June 1976 in Northern Ireland. He is the lead singer of the alternative rock band Snow Patrol. He first started Snow Patrol under the name "Polar Bears" while at the University of Dundee, Scotland, in 1994.

## References
Telnet

**Telnet** is a common network protocol used on the Internet and also inside a LAN (local network). It was developed as secret technology in 1969 beginning with RFC 15 and is now defined as IETF STD 8, which is one of the first Internet standards. However, due to its lack of security, Telnet has been replaced with Secure Shell (SSH) on most servers.

Telnet is one of the simplest ways to exchange data between two computers. It allows two computers anywhere on a computer network, including the worldwide Internet, to exchange text and other data in real time. It is still widely used for testing computer programs, and is simple enough that it is included on most computers today. But it allows many people to eavesdrop on the data exchange, which is why it has mostly been replaced by SSH.

## References
Los Angeles Rams

The **Los Angeles Rams** are a professional American football team in Los Angeles, California, United States. Originally known as the **Cleveland Rams**,  and then later as the **St. Louis Rams**, they are currently in the Western Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The team has won two NFL Championships and two Super Bowls. Their starting quarterback is Matthew Stafford. They play at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood, California. Their uniform is white blue, yellow and black with a Ram's horn on their helmets. 

The Rams joined the National Football League in the year 1936 and played in Cleveland, Ohio from 1936 to 1945, before moving to Los Angeles, California in 1946. The Rams stayed in Los Angeles until the 1995 season, when the team moved to St. Louis, Missouri and played there until 2015.  In 2015, the team was sold and was moved back to Los Angeles. Stan Kroenke, the team’s current owner, met with other NFL owners to approve the move. The owners approved the Rams' move to Los Angeles with a 30–2 margin. The Rams returned to Los Angeles at the beginning of the 2016 season. The Rams have won the Super Bowl title in 1999, when they were established in St. Louis.

On May 31, 2009, the *St. Louis Post-Dispatch* reported that the Rams were up for sale. The sale price was not known, but *Forbes* magazine's estimated that the Rams' value was $929 million.

The Rams were named after the Fordham Rams from Fordham University. 

## Pro Football Hall of Famers
*Kenny Washington RB - First African-American to sign a NFL contract
*Eric Dickerson RB
*Deacon Jones DE
*Merlin Olsen DE
*Rosey Grier DE
*Lamar Lundy DE
*Kurt Warner QB
*James "Shack" Harris QB
*Norm Van Brocklin QB
*Bob Waterfield QB
*Ollie Matson RB
*Jackie Slater OT
*Issac Bruce WR
*Jack Youngblood OLB
*Jerome Bettis RB
*Orlando Pace OT
*Aeneas Williams CB
*Kevin Greene ILB
*London Fletcher ILB
*Marshall Faulk RB
*Tex Scharamm GM

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Manuel Marulanda

**Pedro Antonio Marín**, (1930-2008) known by his pseudonym, **Manuel Marulanda Vélez**, and nicknamed by his comrades "**Tirofijo**" (), apparently because of a reputed ability to accurately aim firearms. He was the main leader of the FARC-EP ("*Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo*"). He was born on May 13, 1930 (a date that has been disputed), in a coffee-growing region of west-central Colombia in the Quindío Department, to a peasant family politically aligned with the Liberal Party during La Violencia.

Marulanda himself changed his political and ideological inclinations to the Communist Party (PCC) sometime during the period of "La Violencia" (roughly 1948 to 1958) that followed the assassination of the Liberal Party's leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán.

He has been considered to be seriously ill, and his death has been reported several times throughout his long career as a guerrilla, but the status of his health remains uncertain.

In March 2006, Alberto Gonzales, the Attorney General of the United States, announced in conjunction with DEA and Department of Justice officials that the State Department had placed a $5 million dollar reward on Tirofijo's head, or for information leading to his capture.  

According to a Brazilian journal, he seems to have sufffered from some form of cancer. There also seem to have been disputes on leadership (of the FARC) in January 2008.

His death has been reported several times; He seems to have died of a heart attack in May 2008 This has now been confirmed.

A Colombian newspaper published an interview with the defense minister of Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos on the 24th of May, 2008. In it,  Santos said, that Colombian intelligence agents thought, that Manuel Marulanda had died on the 26th of March 2008, either of natural causes, or through a heart attack. FARC commander ‘Timochenko’ confirmed on May 25 Telesur that ‘Manuel Marulanda’ died of a heart attack, as announced earlier by the Colombian government and the Colombian armed forces

This information was confirmed on the 25th of May: Marulanda had died of a heart attack.

## References
The Tales of Alvin Maker

***The Tales of Alvin Maker*** is a series of books by Orson Scott Card about the experiences of a young man, Alvin Miller, who finds out that he has special powers to make and change things around him. It takes place in an alternate history of the American frontier in the early 1800s and is based on early American folklore and superstition.

## Books
* *Seventh Son* (1987)
* *Red Prophet* (1988)
* *Prentice Alvin* (1989)
* *Alvin Journeyman* (1995)
* *Heartfire* (1998)
* *The Crystal City* (2003)
* *Master Alvin* (planned)

## Other websites
* The official Orson Scott Card website
David Livingstone

**David Livingstone** (19 March 1813 – 4 May 1873) was a Scottish medical missionary with the London Missionary Society. He wanted to be a missionary, but he could not get many people to convert to Christian beliefs, so instead, he explored and charted much of southern and eastern Africa. He gave the Victoria Falls their name. He named them after his queen, Queen Victoria.

## In Africa 
As an explorer, Livingstone had some advantages. He usually travelled lightly, and he was able to reassure chiefs that he was not a threat. Other expeditions had many soldiers armed with rifles, and even more people hired to carry supplies. They were often seen as military incursions or were mistaken for slave-raiding parties. Livingstone travelled on most of his journeys with a few servants and porters, bartering for supplies along the way. He only had a couple of guns for protection. He preached a Christian message but did not force it on unwilling ears. He understood the ways of local chiefs, and got permission to go through their territory. He was often hospitably received and aided, even by Mwata Kazembe.

Livingstone believed in trade, and wanted to see Christian missions established in central Africa. His motto on the base of the statue dedicated to him at Victoria Falls, was "Christianity, Commerce and Civilization". The reason he emphasised these three was that they would form an alternative to the slave trade, which was still rampant in Africa at that time. It would give the Africans some dignity when they met Europeans. The abolition of the African slave trade was his main hope. Around this time he believed the key to achieving these goals was the navigation of the Zambezi River as a Christian commercial highway into the interior. He returned to Britain to try to get support for his ideas, and to publish a book on his travels. The book brought him fame as one of the leading explorers of the age.

Livingstone died near a lake, in what is now Zambia.

## Works 
*Livingstone, David (1905) [1857]. *Journeys in South Africa, or travels and researches in South Africa*. London: Amalgamated Press.
* Livingstone, David and Waller, Horace (ed) 1874. *The last journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa from 1865 to his death*. Two volumes, London: John Murray.

## Sources  
* Holmes, Timothy 1993. *Journey to Livingstone: exploration of an imperial myth*. Edinburgh: Canongate Press. ; scholarly biography
*Jeal, Tim 1973. *Livingstone*. London: Heinemann. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* A brief biography of David Livingstone
Atlanta Falcons

The **Atlanta Falcons** are an American football team in Atlanta, Georgia. They are a member of the NFC South of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The Falcons joined the NFL as a 1966 expansion team. The Falcon's quarterback is Michael Penix Jr..  Their uniform is a red jersey with white pants.  An old nickname for the Falcons is Red Birds.  In their 42 years in the NFL, the Falcons have a record of 262-386-6 with division championships in 1980, 1998, 2004, 2010 and 2012. They have played twice in the Super Bowl. This was in 1999 in Miami in which they lost to the Denver Broncos and 2017 against the New England Patriots.

Their current stadium since 2017 is the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. From 1992 through 2016, the Georgia Dome was their home stadium for 25 seasons before it was destroyed and replaced.

## Other websites 
* Official Website
* Sports E-Cyclopedia.com 
* The Atlanta Falcons  at GeorgiaEncyclopedia.org
Cincinnati Cyclones

The **Cincinnati Cyclones** are a ice hockey team in the ECHL (East Coast Hockey League).  They used to be in the IHL (International Hockey League).  The team plays in Cincinnati, Ohio.  The Cyclones won a championship (the Kelly Cup championship) in the 2007–2008 season.  This was the first time they had won a championship in 18 years.

## Other websites
*
*The CycWard - Section 60: Cyclones Fan Web Site
Stirling engine

A **Stirling engine** is a kind of heat engine that converts heat into useful mechanical energy by the movement of a piston inside a cylinder within the engine. Unlike other commonly found heat engines such as the internal combustion engine used in cars and the steam engine used on railways, it re-uses the same gas for each stroke of the piston so there is no noisy exhaust. The same gas is repeatedly heated and cooled within the engine’s cylinder.
 
To run it needs a supply of heat to heat its hot parts. This can come from a fire, but also from the sun’s rays, from hot rocks near a volcano or from nuclear energy. It also has cold parts which cool the gas inside it and these are kept cold by a stream of air or water flowing over them.

It was invented by a Scottish minister, Reverend Dr. Robert Stirling in 1816.
South Lanarkshire

**South Lanarkshire** is a county in the central part of Scotland. It was formerly called Clydesdale. The Strathclyde police currently governs the county.

Some towns in South Lanarkshire are:
*Lanark
*Carluke
*Biggar
*Hamilton
*East Kilbride
*Straven
Lanarkshire

**Lanarkshire** (*Siorrachd Lannraig* in Gaelic), also called the **County of Lanark**, is a county of Scotland.

## Towns
*Airdrie
*Bellshill
*Biggar
*Blantyre
*Bothwell
*Bishopbriggs
*Cambuslang
*Carluke
*Coatbridge
*East Kilbride
*Glasgow
*Hamilton
*Lanark
*Larkhall
*Lesmahagow
*Motherwell
*Rutherglen
*Shotts
*Uddingston
*Wishaw

## Rivers
*North Medwin River
*South Medwin River
*River Clyde

## Related pages
*North Lanarkshire
*South Lanarkshire
FARC

**FARC** (or **FARC-EP**) is the abbreviation of **Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo**. This is the name of a guerrilla organisation operating in Colombia. The group says it has Marxist- Leninist roots. When the name of the group is translated into English, it usually reads *Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army*.

The government of Colombia, the United States, Canada, and the European Union have classified the organisation as a terrorist group.  Other countries, such as Ecuador, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Cuba and Venezuela do not see the group as terrorist. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, for example, publicly rejected this classification of *terrorists* in January of 2008. He called on Colombia and other world governments to recognize the guerrillas as a *belligerent force*. Chávez said that if they were recognised that way, they would then be obliged to stop kidnappings and terror acts in order to respect the Geneva Conventions.

The FARC was established in the 1960s as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party. The group started as a guerrilla movement.  It became involved with trading illegal drugs during the 1980s. The FARC-EP still claims to be a guerrilla movement. According to the Colombian government, FARC has an estimated 6,000-8,000 members in 2008, down from 16,000 in 2001. Other estimates are higher, including up to 18,000 guerrillas, with the FARC themselves claiming in a 2007 interview that they have not been weakened.
The FARC-EP is present in 15-20 percent of Colombia’s territory. Most of them are in southeastern jungles and in plains at the base of the Andes mountains.

In June 2016, the FARC signed a ceasefire accord with the President of Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos in Havana. This accord was seen as a historic step to ending the war that has gone on for fifty years. On 25 August 2016, the Colombian president, Juan Manuel Santos, announced that four years of negotiation had secured a peace deal with FARC and that a national referendum would take place on 2 October. The referendum failed with 50.24% voting against. The Colombian government and the FARC on 24 November signed a revised peace deal, which the Colombian Congress approved on 30 November.

On 27 June 2017, FARC ceased to be an armed group, disarming itself and handing over its weapons to the United Nations.

## References
Atoll

.]]

An **atoll** is a kind of island. It is made when a coral reef forms around an island that sinks over many years. In the end, the land is gone, and only the coral reef continues to grow until it becomes an atoll, a group of islands shaped like a doughnut. 

Charles Darwin, who is most famous for his theory of evolution, was the first person to find out how atolls form. He said that volcanoes in the ocean sometimes wear away or sink deeper. Coral growing on a volcano needs to be near the surface, and it keeps growing to stay there.

Most atolls are in the warm parts of the Pacific Ocean or the Indian Ocean.

Some island nations like Kiribati, Tuvalu, and the Federated States of Micronesia have atolls as all or part of their country. 

## References 
* Darwin, C. 1842. The structure and distribution of coral reefs, being the first part of the voyage of the Beagle under the command of Capt. Vitzroy R.N. during the years 1832 to 1834. Smith, Elder and Co.: London. 214 pp.
North Lanarkshire

**North Lanarkshire** is a county in the central part of Scotland. It is small compared to nearby South Lanarkshire.  The area was formed in 1996.

## Principal towns (10,000+ in population)
*Cumbernauld - 49,664 
*Coatbridge - 41,170
*Airdrie - 36,326
*Motherwell - 30,312
*Bellshill - 30,000 (approx.)
*Wishaw - 28,565
*Kilsyth - 10,100

## Small towns and villages
*Allanton
*Auchinloch
*Annathill
*Banton
*Bargeddie
*Bonkle
*Cambusnethan
*Cardowan
*Calderbank
*Caldercruix
*Carfin
*Carnbroe
*Chapelhall
*Chryston
*Cleland
*Coltness

*Croy
*Dullatur
*Forrestfield
*Garrion Bridge
*Gartcosh
*Glenboig
*Glenmavis
*Greengairs 
*Harthill
*Hareshaw
*Holytown
*Longriggend
*Luggiebank
*Mollinsburn
*Moodiesburn
*Mossend
*Muirhead
*Murdostoun

*Newmains
*Newhouse
*Newarthill
*New Stevenston
*Overtown
*Plains
*Queenzieburn
*Ravenscraig
*Riggend
*Salsburgh
*Shotts
*Stand
*Stepps
*Tannochside
*Viewpark
*Wattston
*Waterloo
Evelyn Waugh

**Evelyn Waugh** (pronounce like the word "war") (28 October 1903 – 10 April 1966) was an English writer. He was born in Hampstead and raised in Golders Green, both in north-west London. 

Waugh is well known for his satirical novels which include *Decline and Fall*, *Vile Bodies*, *Scoop*, *A Handful of Dust* and *The Loved One*, and especially for *Brideshead Revisited* and the *Sword of Honour* trilogy. When he was writing these novels he used experiences that he had in his own life. He often described British aristocracy and high society, making satirical fun of them. However, in his real life he was also attracted to them.

Waugh was a convert to Catholicism. His travel writings and his diaries and letters have also been published.

He was the father of writer Auberon Waugh (1939-2001). 

## References
Wishaw

**Wishaw** is a town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is bordered by Motherwell and Carluke, and is split into several areas such as Netherton, Craigneuk, Newmains, Cambusnethan and Pather. 

One of only three hospitals in Lanarkshire is in Wishaw. Wishaw General Hospital is at the bottom of Wishaw, easy to find as it is on the main A721 road. 

## History 
The origin of the name is uncertain. One suggestion is that it is from the Scots word for "Wicket gate in the wood", and that it used to be called *Wygateshaw*. Another theory is that it was originally *Viashaw*, meaning way or road through the wood. Yet another theory is that the name derives from "Wee Shaw", meaning small wood. 

In November 1996, the world's worst recorded outbreak of *E. coli* occurred in the town, in which 20 people died and around 200 were infected.

## People 
Wishaw has had a number of famous residents, including:
***John Higgins**, world snooker champion
***Paul Quinn**, footballer for Motherwell F.C.
***Tommy Gemmell**, former footballer of Celtic F.C.
***Lee Miller**, footballer for Aberdeen F.C.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Census 2001 statistics for Wishaw 
* History and Photographs of Wishaw Iron & Steel Works 1859 - 1930 
* Website of the local Newspaper, the Wishaw Press
Dima Bilan

**Dima Bilan** (; born **Viktor Belan** on December 24, 1981) is a popular Russian singer. Bilan was in the 2006 Eurovision contest. He sang the song "Never Let You Go."  He finished in second place. In the 2008 contest, he came back with song "Believe" and he won with 272 points.

In February 2007 Bilan started to record his first international album in English in Los Angeles, Miami and in Philadelphia in collaboration with producer Jim Beanz and Ryan Tedder. One of the new tracks will be a duet with one of Timbaland's most successful artists, Nelly Furtado.

## Albums 
* 2003 - *Ya nochnoi huligan* (*Я ночной хулиган*) (''I'm a Night Hooligan*)
* 2004 - *Na beregu neba* (*На берегу неба*) (*At The Sky's Shore*)
* 2006 - *Vremya-reka* (*Время-река*) (*Time-River*)
* 2008 - *Protiv Pravil* (*Против правил*) (*Against the Rules*)
* 2009 - *Believe*
* 2011 - *Mechtatel* (*Мечтатель*) (*Dreamer'')
Wilt Chamberlain

**Wilton Norman "Wilt" Chamberlain** (August 21, 1936–October 12, 1999) was an American basketball player. Chamberlain played in the NBA during the 1960s, and many people think he is one of the best players in basketball history. At 7 feet 1 inch, he was the tallest and heaviest player in the league for most of his career, and he was one of the most famous people and greatest player in the game for many years. He is the first and only basketball player to score 100 points in an NBA game. Chamberlain led the league several times in points, accuracy, rebounds, and minutes.  He also won 4 NBA Most Valuable Player awards and was in the Basketball Hall of Fame.

He won two NBA championships: the first in 1967, with the Philadelphia 76ers, and the second in 1972, with the Los Angeles Lakers.  Chamberlain also played for several seasons with the Philadelphia Warriors and toured with the Harlem Globetrotters. In 1999, he died from congestive heart failure.

## Other websites

*NBA legends profile
Timor

**Timor** is an island at the south end of the Malay Archipelago, north of the Timor Sea. It is divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, belonging to the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara.

The island's surface is 11,883 square miles (30,777 km²). The name is a variant of *timur*, Malay for “east”; it is so called because it is at the east end of a chain of islands.
Brideshead Revisited

***Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder*** is a novel by the English writer Evelyn Waugh.  It was first published in 1945. The novel deals with subjects such as religion, especially Catholicism, and the love of God.  It tells the story of a family called Flyte.  They are an aristocratic family.  The story is told by a narrator called Charles Ryder.

*Brideshead Revisited* was made into a television serial for ITV, produced by Granada Television, in 1981. A movie of the book was made in 2008.  The movie makes several changes to the story of the book.  The movie is mostly about the relationship between Charles and Julia.

## Plot 
Charles Ryder, who tells the story, is a student at the University of Oxford.  He makes friends with Sebastian Flyte, the younger son of an aristocratic family. Sebastian, who comes from a very rich family, takes Charles to his family's home, Brideshead Castle.  Charles meets his family, including Sebastian's sister, Julia.

During the holiday Charles goes back to his home, where he lives with his father.  During the holiday Sebastian has a small injury and Charles goes back to him.  Sebastian and Charles spend the rest of the summer together.

Sebastian's family is Catholic.  His father, Lord Marchmain, had been an Anglican, but he had converted to Roman Catholicism, his wife's religion.  The family talk a lot about religion which surprises Charles, who had always thought that Christianity was not an important subject.  Lady Marchmain, Sebastian's mother, is a very strict Catholic.  She tries to control others by making them feel guilty. Sebastian finds comfort by drinking  alcohol.  He often gets drunk, and over a period of two years he has less and less to do with the Flyte family.

However, Charles is fated to meet the Flyte family again, and he falls in love with Julia, who by that time is married to a rich Canadian, Rex Mottram.

Charles's own wife has been unfaithful, so he plans to divorce her so that he and Julia can marry. However, Julia decides for religious reasons that it would not be right for her to marry Charles. As Lord Marchmain lay dying, he had received the sacrament of Extreme Unction.  This act had also influenced Charles, who had been "in search of love in those days" when he first met Sebastian, "that low door in the wall...which opened on an enclosed and enchanted garden,", an important metaphor in the book. 

Charles became an architect.  During the Second World War becomes an army officer.  By chance he is billeted at Brideshead. It seems to him that builders do a useful job, even if there are problems sometimes.
Motherwell

**Motherwell** is a large town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is an important town as many people have to come through it to get to places such as Lanark, Hamilton and Glasgow.
## Transportation
Motherwell has a big train station with four platforms, the biggest in North Lanarkshire. The station can take you to places such as London. Motherwell is next to Wishaw.
## Sports
Motherwell has a football team, Motherwell F.C.. They play at Fir Park.
New Lanark

**New Lanark** is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in the South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

## History
New Lanark is a 18th century village and model industrial community with cotton mill buildings, workers' housing, and school. The small town was built by Robert Owen as an experiment in utopian idealism.

In 2001, New Lanark was named a World Heritage Site.

## Gallery

File:As it once was - geograph.org.uk - 111939.jpg|Mill buildings needing repair, 1980
File:NewlanarkNL07.jpg|Mill building is in bad shape, 1983

## Related pages
* List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom

## References
## Other websites
* New Lanark website
Hamilton, South Lanarkshire

**Hamilton** (, ) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is the where the council headquarters for South Lanarkshire are situated.

## References
Province of Latina

The **Province of Latina** () is a province in the Lazio region of Central Italy. Its capital is the city of Latina.

## History
The province of Latina was created in December of 1934 with the name of **Littoria**.

## Geography
The province of Latina has an area of ,

## Population
In 2017, there are 574,891 persons living in the province, The *comune* with fewest people living in it is Campodimele with 622 inhabitants.

### Main *comuni*
The following table shows the 10 *comuni* with more inhabitants with their population,

## Gallery 

File:Sanmarcolatina.jpg|Saint Mark cathedral, Latina.
File:CastelloFondi.jpg|Castle of Fondi.
File:Formia, chiesa della Madonna del Carmine - Esterno.jpg|Madonna del Carmine church - Formia.
File:Formia e i monti Aurunci visti dal porto.JPG|Formia and the Aurunci mountains.
File:Gaeta, piazza Cavallo e porta Domnica.jpg|*Piazza Cavallo* in Gaeta.

## Related pages
* List of communes of the Province of Latina

## References
## Other websites
* Official Site