March 25

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 421 &ndash; Venice is said to have been founded.
* 708 &ndash; Constantine is made Pope.
* 717 &ndash; Theodosius III resigns from the throne of the Byzantine Empire in order to enter the clergy.
* 1199 &ndash; King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
* 1306 &ndash; Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland.
* 1409 &ndash; The Council of Pisa opens.
* 1555 &ndash; The city of Valencia, Negros Oriental, Venezuela is founded.
* 1634 &ndash; The first settlers arrive in Maryland (led by Lord Baltimore).
* 1655 &ndash; Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens.
* 1655 &ndash; Protestants take over Maryland at the Battle of the Severn.
* 1802 &ndash; The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and the United Kingdom.
* 1807 &ndash; The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing slavery in the United Kingdom.
* 1811 &ndash; Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled by the University of Oxford for producing the pamphlet, *The Necessity of Atheism*.
* 1821 &ndash; Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.
* 1865 &ndash; The "Claywater Meteorite" explodes just before reaching ground level in Vernon County, Wisconsin. Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 kg are recovered.
* 1865 &ndash; American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture Fort Stedman from the Union.
* 1894 &ndash; Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington D.C..

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1901 &ndash; At the five–day "Week of Nice" race in Nice, France, Mercedes wins its first racing victory.
* 1911 &ndash; In New York City the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire kills 146 garment workers.
* 1913 &ndash; Floods kill 300 people in Dayton, Ohio.
* 1918 &ndash; The Belarusian National Republic was established.
* 1924 &ndash; Greece proclaims itself a republic.
* 1931 &ndash; The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape.
* 1939 &ndash; Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli becomes Pope Pius XII.
* 1941 &ndash; Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers.
* 1947 &ndash; A explosion in a coalmine in Centralia, Illinois kills 111.
* 1949 &ndash; The extensive deportation campaign was conducted in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Soviet authorities deported more than 92,000 people from Baltics to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
* 1955 &ndash; United States Customs seizes Allen Ginsberg's "Howl" as obscene.
* 1957 &ndash; The European Economic Community is established (West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg). It later becomes the European Union.
* 1960 &ndash; In London, United Kingdom, Jacqueline Boyer wins the fifth Eurovision Song Contest for France singing "Tom Pillibi".
* 1961 &ndash; Sputnik 10 is launched into space.
* 1965 &ndash; Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr. complete successfully their 4–day 50&nbsp;mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery.
* 1969 &ndash; During their honeymoon, John Lennon and Yoko Ono hold their first Bed-In for Peace in the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel (until March 31).
* 1971 &ndash; Bangladesh Liberation War: Beginning of Operation Searchlight of Pakistan Army against East Pakistani civilians.
* 1972 &ndash; In Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, Vicky Leandros wins the seventeenth Eurovision Song Contest for Luxembourg singing "Après toi" (After you).
* 1975 &ndash; Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a mentally ill nephew.
* 1979 &ndash; The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, *Columbia,* is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch.
* 1980 &ndash; The UK announces that it will participate in the Summer Olympics in Moscow.
* 1988 &ndash; The Candle Demonstration in Bratislava is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia.
* 1990 &ndash; In New York City, a fire at an illegal social club called "Happy Land" kills 87.
* 1992 &ndash; Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10–month stay aboard the Mir space station.
* 1992 &ndash; The Pakistan national cricket team wins the Cricket World Cup at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Australia.
* 1995 &ndash; Ward Cunningham opens the first wiki, the Portland Pattern Repository.
* 1996 &ndash; An 81–day long standoff between the antigovernment group Montana Freemen and law enforcement in Jordan, Montana begins.
* 1996 &ndash; The EU's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by–products as a result of mad cow disease (BSE).

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway and Iceland implement the Schengen Agreement.
* 2002 &ndash; An earthquake in Afghanistan kills 2,000 people.
* 2004 &ndash; Air Holland files for bankruptcy in response to unproven allegations of marijuana abuse by the their pilots.
* 2006 &ndash; Several anti–Government demonstrators are arrested in Belarus.
* 2012 &ndash; Hong Kong elects CY Leung as Chief Executive.
* 2014 &ndash; The first cases of the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa are officially reported in Guinea.
* 2015 &ndash; British Top Gear television presenter Jeremy Clarkson is fired by the BBC over a physical attack on a producer.
* 2015 &ndash; It is announced that Zayn Malik is leaving the boy band One Direction.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1157 &ndash; Alfonso II of Aragon (d. 1196)
* 1252 &ndash; Conradin, Duke of Swabia, King of Sicily and Jerusalem (d. 1268)
* 1259 &ndash; Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1332)
* 1297 &ndash; Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1341)
* 1345 &ndash; Blanche of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt (d. 1369)
* 1347 &ndash; Catherine of Siena, Italian saint (d. 1380)
* 1479 &ndash; Vasili III, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. 1533)
* 1539 &ndash; Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1612)
* 1541 &ndash; Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1587)
* 1545 &ndash; John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (d. 1622)
* 1593 &ndash; Jean de Brébeuf, French–Canadian missionary and saint (d. 1649)
* 1661 &ndash; Paul de Rapin, French historian (d. 1725)
* 1714 &ndash; Matthew Griswold, American politician, Governor of Connecticut (d. 1799)
* 1767 &ndash; Joachim Murat, King of Naples (d. 1815)
* 1782 &ndash; Caroline Bonaparte, Queen of Naples (d. 1839)
* 1786 &ndash; Giovanni Battista Amici, Italian astronomer and botanist (d. 1863)
* 1808 &ndash; José de Espronceda, Spanish writer and poet (d. 1842)
* 1819 &ndash; Venceslaus Ulricus Hammershaimb, Faroese Lutheran minister and linguist (d. 1909)
* 1821 &ndash; Robert Bentley, English botanist (d. 1893)
* 1840 &ndash; Myles Keogh, American soldier of fortune (d. 1876)
* 1860 &ndash; Friedrich Naumann, German theologian and politician (d. 1919)
* 1865 &ndash; Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian–German painter (d. 1941)
* 1867 &ndash; Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor (d. 1957)
* 1867 &ndash; Gutzon Borglum, American sculptor (d. 1941)
* 1868 &ndash; Bill Lockwood, English cricketer (d. 1932)
* 1871 &ndash; Louis Perée, French fencer (d. 1924)
* 1872 &ndash; Horatio Nelson Jackson, American racing driver and physician (d. 1955)
* 1873 &ndash; Rudolf Rocker, German anarchist (d. 1958)
* 1874 &ndash; Emperor Sunjong of Korea (d. 1926)
* 1876 &ndash; Irving Baxter, American jumper and pole vaulter (d. 1957)
* 1881 &ndash; Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (d. 1945)
* 1884 &ndash; Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (d. 1950)
* 1886 &ndash; Patriarch Athenagoras of Constantinople (d. 1972)
* 1887 &ndash; Chuichi Nagumi, Japanese admiral (d. 1944)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Ed Begley, American actor (d. 1970)
* 1905 &ndash; Pote Sarasin, Thai politician (d. 2000)
* 1908 &ndash; David Lean, British movie director (d. 1991)
* 1910 &ndash; Magda Olivero, Italian operatic soprano (d. 2014)
* 1911 &ndash; Jack Ruby, assassin of Lee Harvey Oswald (d. 1967)
* 1914 &ndash; Norman Borlaug, American agronomist (d. 2009)
* 1920 &ndash; Patrick Troughton, English actor (d. 1987)
* 1920 &ndash; Paul Scott, British novelist (d. 1987)
* 1921 &ndash; Alexandra of Greece and Denmark, Queen of Yugoslavia (d. 1993)
* 1921 &ndash; Simone Signoret, French actress (d. 1985)
* 1921 &ndash; Nancy Kelly, American actress (d. 1995)
* 1922 &ndash; Eileen Ford, American model agency executive (d. 2014)
* 1924 &ndash; Machiko Kyo, Japanese actress
* 1926 &ndash; Laszlo Papp, Hungarian boxer (d. 2003)
* 1926 &ndash; Riz Ortolani, Italian composer (d. 2014)
* 1926 &ndash; Jaime Sabines, Mexican poet (d. 1999)
* 1926 &ndash; Gene Shalit, American journalist and critic
* 1927 &ndash; P. Shanmugam, Indian politician, 13th Chief Minister of Puducherry
* 1928 &ndash; Roald Aas, Norwegian speed skater (d. 2012)
* 1928 &ndash; Jim Lovell, American astronaut
* 1930 &ndash; Carlo Mauri, Italian mountaineer (d. 1982)
* 1931 &ndash; Paul Motian, American jazz drummer and composer (d. 2011)
* 1932 &ndash; Roger Wilkins, American civil rights activist and journalist (d. 2017)
* 1934 &ndash; Gloria Steinem, American feminist and publisher
* 1934 &ndash; Karlheinz Schreiber, German–Canadian industrialist, lobbyist and arms dealer
* 1937 &ndash; Tom Monaghan, American businessman, founded Domino's Pizza
* 1938 &ndash; Hoyt Axton, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1999)
* 1938 &ndash; Daniel Buren, French sculptor and painter
* 1940 &ndash; Mina, Italian singer
* 1940 &ndash; Anita Bryant, American singer
* 1940 &ndash; Anker Buch, Danish violinist (d. 2014)
* 1942 &ndash; Aretha Franklin, American singer (d. 2018)
* 1942 &ndash; Richard O'Brien, English actor, writer and composer
* 1942 &ndash; Kim Woodburn, English television personality
* 1946 &ndash; Daniel Bensaïd, French philosopher (d. 2010)
* 1947 &ndash; Elton John, English singer and songwriter

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Maizie Williams, Montserratian–English performer (Boney M.)
* 1952 &ndash; Stephen Dorrell, English politician
* 1952 &ndash; Antanas Mockus, Colombian mathematician, philosopher and politician, Mayor of Bogota
* 1955 &ndash; Lee Mazzilli, American baseball player, coach and manager
* 1955 &ndash; Jim Shannon, Northern Irish politician
* 1957 &ndash; Christina Boxer, English runner
* 1957 &ndash; Aleksandr Puchkov, Russian hurdler
* 1958 &ndash; John Ensign, American politician
* 1958 &ndash; James McDaniel, American actor and director
* 1960 &ndash; Steve Norman, English saxophonist, songwriter and producer (Spandau Ballet)
* 1960 &ndash; Brenda Strong, American actress
* 1962 &ndash; David Nuttall, English politician
* 1962 &ndash; Marcia Cross, American actress
* 1963 &ndash; Karen Bruce, English dancer and choreographer
* 1964 &ndash; Mike Henry, American voice actor, writer and producer
* 1964 &ndash; René Meulensteen, Dutch footballer and coach
* 1965 &ndash; Avery Johnson, American basketball coach
* 1965 &ndash; Sarah Jessica Parker, American actress
* 1965 &ndash; Frank Ordenewitz, German footballer
* 1966 &ndash; Frank Ferrer, American musician (Guns N' Roses)
* 1966 &ndash; Jeff Healey, Canadian guitarist (d. 2008)
* 1967 &ndash; Debi Thomas, American figure skater
* 1969 &ndash; Cathy Dennis, English singer-songwriter, producer and actress
* 1970 &ndash; Magnus Larsson, Swedish golfer
* 1971 &ndash; Sheryl Swoopes, American basketball player
* 1972 &ndash; Yuichi Yoshimoto, Japanese footballer
* 1972 &ndash; Phil O'Donnell, Scottish footballer (d. 2007)
* 1973 &ndash; Michaela Dorfmeister, Austrian skier
* 1973 &ndash; Anders Fridén, Swedish singer-songwriter and producer
* 1974 &ndash; Kseniya Rappoport, Russian actress
* 1975 &ndash; Melanie Blatt, British singer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Reema Vakarua, New Zealand–Italian rugby player
* 1976 &ndash; Cha Tae-hyun, South Korean actor and singer
* 1976 &ndash; GiGi Leung, Hong Kong actress and singer
* 1976 &ndash; Wladimir Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
* 1979 &ndash; Muriel Hurtis-Houari, French athlete
* 1981 &ndash; Casey Neistadt, American YouTube personality and filmmaker
* 1982 &ndash; Danica Patrick, American racecar driver
* 1984 &ndash; Katharine McPhee, American singer and actress
* 1985 &ndash; Carmen Rasmussen, Canadian–American singer-songwriter and actress
* 1987 &ndash; Jason Castro, American singer
* 1987 &ndash; Nobunari Oda, Japanese figure skater
* 1987 &ndash; Jacob Bagersted, Danish handball player
* 1987 &ndash; Victor Obinna, Nigerian footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Erik Knudsen, Canadian actor
* 1988 &ndash; Ryan Lewis, American DJ and producer
* 1989 &ndash; Scott Sinclair, English footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Alyson Michalka, American actress
* 1991 &ndash; Seychelle Gabriel, American actress
* 1991 &ndash; Samia Yusuf Omar, Somali sprinter (d. 2012)
* 2005 &ndash; Zack Raines,Great Canadian

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 752 &ndash; Pope-elect Stephen
* 1223 &ndash; Afonso II of Portugal (b. 1185)
* 1345 &ndash; Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (b. 1281)
* 1558 &ndash; Marcos de Niza, French friar and explorer (b. 1495)
* 1583 &ndash; Juan de Garay, Spanish conquistador (b. 1528)
* 1620 &ndash; Johannes Nucius, German composer (b. 1556)
* 1732 &ndash; Lucy Filippini, Italian saint (b. 1672)
* 1751 &ndash; Frederick I of Sweden (b. 1676)
* 1801 &ndash; Novalis, German poet (b. 1772)
* 1818 &ndash; Caspar Wessel, Norwegian–Danish mathematician and cartographer (b. 1745)
* 1860 &ndash; James Braid, Scottish surgeon and physician (b. 1795)
* 1862 &ndash; John Peisley, first Australian born bushranger, hanged (b. 1835)
* 1873 &ndash; Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish painter (b. 1810)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1914 &ndash; Frédéric Mistral, French poet (b. 1830)
* 1917 &ndash; Spyridon Samaras, Greek composer (b. 1861)
* 1918 &ndash; Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
* 1919 &ndash; Wilhelm Lehmbruck, German sculptor and artist (b. 1881)
* 1931 &ndash; Ida B. Wells, American journalist and activist (b. 1862)
* 1932 &ndash; Harriet Backer, Norwegian painter (b. 1845)
* 1945 &ndash; Franz Oppenhoff, German jurist and Mayor of Aachen (b. 1902)
* 1957 &ndash; Max Ophüls, German director and screenwriter (b. 1902)
* 1967 &ndash; Renato Cellini, Italian conductor (b. 1913)
* 1969 &ndash; Max Eastman, American poet (b. 1883)
* 1973 &ndash; Edward Steichen, Luxembourg–American photographer (b. 1879)
* 1975 &ndash; Faisal of Saudi Arabia (b. 1906)
* 1975 &ndash; Juan Gaudino, Argentine racing driver (b. 1893)
* 1979 &ndash; Akinoumi Setsuo, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1914)
* 1980 &ndash; Roland Barthes, French literary critic and writer (b. 1915)
* 1980 &ndash; Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
* 1988 &ndash; Robert Joffrey, American dancer, choreographer and director (b. 1931)
* 1991 &ndash; Marcel Lefebvre, French archbishop (b. 1905)
* 1992 &ndash; Nancy Walker, American actress (b. 1922)
* 1994 &ndash; Max Petitpierre, Swiss politician (b. 1899)
* 1999 &ndash; Cal Ripken, Sr., American baseball manager (b. 1936)

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Kenneth Wolstenholme, British football commentator (b. 1920)
* 2005 &ndash; Paul Henning, American TV and movie producer (b. 1911)
* 2006 &ndash; Buck Owens, American singer and TV personality (b. 1926)
* 2007 &ndash; Andranik Margaryan, Armenian politician (b. 1951)
* 2008 &ndash; Abby Mann, American movie writer and producer (b. 1927)
* 2009 &ndash; Yukio Endo, Japanese gymnast (b. 1937)
* 2010 &ndash; Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, German political scientist (b. 1916)
* 2012 &ndash; Antonio Tabucchi, Italian writer (b. 1943)
* 2014 &ndash; Nanda, Indian actress (b. 1939)
* 2014 &ndash; Ralph Wilson, American businessman (b. 1918)
* 2014 &ndash; Jerry Roberts, British World War II code breaker (b. 1920)
* 2014 &ndash; Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi, Iranian historian and writer (b. 1924)
* 2014 &ndash; Jonathan Schell, American writer, journalist and activist (b. 1943)
* 2014 &ndash; Sonny Ruberto, American baseball player (b. 1946)
* 2015 &ndash; George Fischbeck, American weatherman (b. 1922)
* 2015 &ndash; Ivo Garrani, Italian actor (b. 1924)
* 2015 &ndash; Dick Bond, American politician (b. 1921)
* 2015 &ndash; Bill Slayback, American baseball player (b. 1948)
* 2015 &ndash; Ron Suart, English footballer (b. 1920)
* 2016 &ndash; Abu Ala al-Afri, Iraqi militant (b. 1958)
* 2016 &ndash; Clodomir Santos de Morais, Brazilian sociologist (b. 1928)
* 2016 &ndash; Paolo Poli, Italian actor (b. 1929)
* 2016 &ndash; Imre Pozsgay, Hungarian politician (b. 1933)
* 2016 &ndash; David Snellgrove, British Tibetologist (b. 1920)
* 2017 &ndash; Teodor Oizerman, Soviet–Russian philosopher (b. 1914)
* 2017 &ndash; Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (b. 1921)

## Observances 
* Annunciation of Blessed Virgin Mary (Catholicism)
** Lady Day – Old official New Year's Day, before it was changed to January 1
** Mother's Day (Slovenia)
* Independence Day in Greece
* Maryland Day