open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
David Simon

**David Simon** is an American journalist, screenwriter and producer. 

## Biography 
David Simon's journalistic career began with articles in the school newspaper. After graduating from college in 1983, he came to *The Baltimore Sun*, where he worked for twelve years. In the newspaper, Simon dealt with criminal issues. 

In 1991, his first documentary, *Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets. The book was based on his experiences shadowing the Baltimore Police Department homicide unit during 1988.  

Simon produced and wrote *Generation Kill'' for HBO with Ed Burns.The miniseries is an adaption of the non-fiction book of the same name. It relates the first 40 days of the 2003 invasion of Iraq as experienced by 1st Reconnaissance Battalion and their embedded reporter, Evan Wright.   

In 2014, HBO greenlit production for Simon's next project *Show Me a Hero.* The miniseries is an adaptation of the nonfiction book of the same name by Lisa Belkin and tells the story of Nick Wasicsko, the youngest big-city mayor in the nation who finds himself thrust into racial controversy when a federal court orders to build a small number of low-income housing units in the white neighborhoods of Yonkers, New York.       

Simon is married to writer Laura Lippman.  

## Bibliography 
* 1991 &nbsp; — *Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets* 
* 1997 &nbsp; — *The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood* (co-authored with Ed Burns) 

## Filmography 
* 1993 &nbsp;— 1999 &nbsp; - "Slaughterhouse" / *Homicide: Life on the Street* (screenwriter, producer) 
* 1996 —  « New York Police "/ *NYPD Blue* (screenwriter) 
* 2000 &nbsp;—  "Corner" / *The Corner* (screenwriter, producer) 
* 2002 &nbsp;—  2008   — " Eavesdropping" / *The Wire* (screenwriter, producer) 
* 2008 &nbsp;—  " Generation kill " (screenwriter, producer) 
* 2010 — 2013 &nbsp; —  "*Treme"* (screenwriter, producer) 
* 2015 &nbsp; —  " *Show Me a Hero"* (showrunner, producer, screenwriter)

## References
Blackadder

***Blackadder*** is a British sitcom that first broadcast on BBC1 between 1983 and 1989. There were four parts to the sitcom. All of them were set in different parts of history. All of the series starred Rowan Atkinson, as Edmund Blackadder; and Tony Robinson, as Baldrick. The four series were *The Blackadder*, set at the end of the British Middle Ages; *Blackadder II*, set in England during Queen Elizabeth I's rule; *Blackadder the Third*, set during the British Regency; and *Blackadder Goes Forth*, set during World War I.

*Blackadder Goes Forth* was at number 16 in the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, which was a list made by the British Film Institute. *Blackadder* was at number 2 in the TV poll Britain's Best Sitcom in 2004. *Empire* magazine said it was the 9th-best television show of all time.

Rowan Atkinson said *Blackadder* is "the thing he found the least stressful" to do.

## References
George Polk Awards

The **George Polk Awards in Journalism** are American journalism awards given every year by Long Island University in the U.S. state of New York. A writer for a PBS group blog named the awards as "one of only a couple of journalism prizes that means anything".

In 1949, Long Island University started the awards in memory of CBS journalist George Polk. Polk was murdered in 1948 while reporting on the Greek Civil War.

## List of award recipients
## References
Prezi

**Prezi** is a cloud presentation software developed in 2009. The service uses a zoomable user interface that allows you to operate data in 2.5 D and Parallax. 

Prezi is used by 50 million users and 80% of Fortune Global 500 companies. The project was created in Budapest, and the very name *prezi* translated from Hungarian —  abbreviated form of the word "presentation". 

## History 
The Prezi project (or Prezi.com) was created with the help of Kitchen Budapest and Magyar Telekom. Immediately after its launch, the company entered the international market. 

During the first year, the company had virtually no funding. After 18 months in April 2009, Prezi launched in Budapest, and 5 months later opened an office in San Francisco. The founders of the company won a prize in the European competition of startups The Europas in the nomination "Best founder and co-founder of a startup".  Among investors &nbsp; —  Sunstone Capital, TED Conferences, and Accel Partners. 

A Prezi iPhone app was launched in late 2012. 

In March 2014, Prezi pledged $100M in free licenses to Title 1 schools as part of the Obama administration's ConnectED program 

Prezi for Android was launched in 2015, and in June 2016.    

## Products 
Prezi is developed on Adobe Flash, Adobe AIR and Django, but since 2014 it is also possible to work on JavaScript.  

The product has become extremely popular in education systems and among universities. It is used, in particular, by The Guardian and the TED conference. 

### Platforms 
The company runs on the Freemium model, so free users should publish their presentations publicly on the Prezi website. There is a paid service that avoids this. 

Prezi Viewer is a program designed for the iPad that allows you to view presentations created on the Prezi Desktop. Up to 10 users can participate in Prezi Collaborate at the same time.  

### Nutshell 
The entertainment application Nutshell for iPhone allows you to glue photos into a comics with moving elements.  

Nutshell creates a small square clip based on three images, which can then be posted to Instagram or Twitter.

## References 
## Other websites 
* How to create a world-famous startup in a small country - a lesson from Prezi  
*  
* Peter Arvai (co-founder of Prezi)&nbsp; - “We raised $15.5 million, but did not use a penny of this money "
INaturalist

**iNaturalist** is an American website where people post scientific information about plants, animals and other living things.  Usually, they send photographs of which living things they saw and say where and when they saw them.

iNaturalist works by crowdsourcing, by asking many, many people to work on the project.  Some of the people who send information to iNaturalist are professional scientists and some are citizen scientists, ordinary people who want to help scientific projects.  iNaturalist sends information to International Union for the Conservation of Nature and other projects that watch endangered animals and other populations.

Parks, conservation programs and research teams in many countries have used iNaturalist, for example the United States, Canada and New Zealand.

## History
Students at the University of California at Berkeley founded iNaturalist in 2008.  It was a master's thesis project.  Since 2014, the California Academy of Sciences and the National Geographic Society have run iNaturalist together.

## Related pages
*AmphibiaWeb
*IUCN

## References
Mister 880

***Mister 880*** is a 1950 American comedy movie directed by Edmund Goulding and stars Burt Lancaster, Dorothy McGuire, Edmund Gwenn, Millard Mitchell. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
* 
*
The Glass Menagerie (1950 movie)

***The Glass Menagerie*** is a 1950 American drama movie directed by Irving Rapper and stars Jane Wyman, Kirk Douglas, Gertrude Lawrence, Arthur Kennedy. It was distributed by Warner Bros..

## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Maracalagonis

**Maracalagonis** (*Màra*) is a town and *comune* (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 7,959 people lived there. Its area is 101.37&nbsp;km². It is 86 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
The Mysterious X

***The Mysterious X*** () is a 1914 Danish drama movie directed by Benjamin Christensen (who also starred) and also starring Karen Caspersen, Otto Reinwald, Fritz Lamprecht, Amanda Lund, Bjørn Spiro.

## Other websites
*
The Restless Breed

***The Restless Breed*** is a 1957 American western movie directed by Allan Dwan and starring Scott Brady, Anne Bancroft. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
*
Zombie Land Saga

is an anime television series. MAPPA, Avex Pictures and Cygames produced the anime. It aired on AT-X, Tokyo MX, Sun TV, BS11, Saga TV, and TVQ.
;
: On August 31, 2018, voice actor Mamoru Miyano announced the anime's cast members. Funimation simulcasted an English version of the anime.

A second season, titled *Zombie Land Saga Revenge*, was announced on July 27, 2019.

## Music
The opening theme song is . 

## Reception
The opening theme song, *Adabana Necromancy*, charted at #13 in the Oricon Singles Chart on December 10, 2018. It charted at #1 in the Billboard Japan Download Songs chart on the same day.

One of the anime's characters, Lily Hoshikawa, is transgender. *The Daily Dot* named Lily as "trans Twitter’s latest role model".

*Zombie Land Saga* won the 2019 Tokyo Anime Awards Festival award for Animation of the Year.

## Other media
A manga adaptation by Megumu Soramichi began on Cygames' *Cycomi* website on October 8, 2018. A stage adaptation, titled *Zombie Land Saga Stage de Do-n!*, was scheduled for March 11 to 14, 2020. However, it was delayed to September 5 and 6 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

A special featuring Franchouchou and Dempagumi.inc, , aired on September 1, 2020.

A visual fan book, , was released on September 3, 2020. It has a collaboration song between the two idol groups, .

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*  
*
Josh Gad

**Joshua Ilan Gad** (born February 23, 1981) is an American actor, comedian, and singer. He is known for voicing Olaf in the *Frozen* franchise.

## References
Dan Stevens

**Daniel Jonathan “Dan “Stevens** (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He is known for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series *Downton Abbey* (2010–12).

He also starred as Sir Lancelot in the adventure movie *Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb* (2014) and as The Beast/Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of *Beauty and the Beast* (2017). He Stared as Prince Rillian In Netflix's The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair

## References
The Traveling Executioner

***The Traveling Executioner*** is a 1970 American comedy drama movie directed by Jack Smight and stars Stacy Keach, Marianna Hill, Bud Cort, Graham Jarvis, James Sloyan, M. Emmet Walsh, Ford Rainey, Logan Ramsey, Val Avery and Charles Tyner. It was released by MGM on October 1, 1970.

## Other websites
* 
*
Chadwick Boseman

**Chadwick Aaron Boseman** (November 29, 1976August 28, 2020) was an American actor, playwright, and film producer. He was known for his roles as Jackie Robinson in *42* (2013), James Brown in *Get on Up* (2014), Thurgood Marshall in *Marshall* (2017) and as Black Panther in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies, including *Black Panther* (2018). He also starred and produced the 2019 thriller movie *21 Bridges*.

In 2021, Boseman posthumously won a Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for his role as Levee Green in ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom''. He is also nominated posthumously for an Academy Award for Best Actor.

Chadwick died at his home in Los Angeles from colon cancer on August 28, 2020 at the age of 43.He had been battling the disease since 2016, even though the film studios did not know.

## References
States General of the Netherlands

The **States General of the Netherlands** ( ) is the bicameral legislature of the Netherlands made up of the Senate () and the House of Representatives (). Both chambers meet at the Binnenhof in The Hague.

## Other websites
*
**Senate
**House of Representatives
Marshall (movie)

***Marshall*** is a 2017 American biographical legal drama movie directed by Reginald Hudlin and written by Michael and Jacob Koskoff. It stars Chadwick Boseman as Thurgood Marshall.

It is about the first African American Supreme Court Justice, and focuses on one of the first cases of his career, the *State of Connecticut v. Joseph Spell*. It also stars Josh Gad, Kate Hudson, Dan Stevens, Sterling K. Brown, and James Cromwell.

It was released in the United States by Open Road Films on October 13, 2017. It received positive reviews from critics. 

It received a nomination for Best Original Song for "Stand Up for Something".

## References
The Book of the City of Ladies

***The Book of the City of Ladies*** or ***Le Livre de la Cité des Dames*** (published in 1405), is perhaps Christine de Pizan's most famous literary work. Pizan originally wrote Le Livre de la Cité des Dames in Middle French but it was later translated into English (1999). The book serves as her formal response to Jean de Meun's popular *Roman de la Rose*. Pizan combats Meun's statements about women by creating an allegorical city of ladies. She defends women by collecting a wide array of famous women throughout history. These women are "housed" in the City of Ladies, which is an imaginary city from the book. As Pizan builds her city, she uses each famous woman as a building block for the walls and houses of the city. Each woman added to the city adds to Pizan's argument towards women as valued participants in society. She also advocates in favour of education for woman.

## Summary 
### Part I 
Part I opens with Christine reading from Matheolus's Lamentations, a work from the thirteenth century that addresses marriage wherein the author writes that women make men's lives miserable. Upon reading these words, Christine becomes upset and feels ashamed to be a woman. The three Virtues then appear to Christine, and tell her that she has been chosen by god to create a city for woman.

### Part II 
In Part II, Lady Rectitude says she will help Christine "construct the houses and buildings inside the walls of the City of Ladies" and fill it with inhabitants who are "valiant ladies of great renown". As they build, Lady Rectitude tells Christine stories of powerful woman that will be housed inside the city. Lady Rectitude also refutes allegations that women are unchaste, inconstant, unfaithful, and mean by nature through her stories. This part closes with Christine addressing women and asking them to pray for her as she continues her work with Lady Justice to complete the city.

### Part III 
In Part III, Lady Justice joins with Christine to "add the finishing touches" to the city, including bringing a queen to rule the city. Lady Justice tells Christine of female saints who were praised for their martyrdom. At the close of this part, Christine makes another address to all women announcing the completion of the City of Ladies. She beseeches them to defend and protect the city and to follow their queen (the Virgin Mary). She also warns the women against the lies of slanderers, saying, "Drive back these treacherous liars who use nothing but tricks and honeyed words to steal from you that which you should keep safe above all else: your chastity and your glorious good name".

A few women who were mentioned include:
Medusa, Helen of Troy, Polyxena, Florence of Rome, Isabeau of Bavaria, Joan of Armagnac, Margaret of Bavaria, Isis, Marie, Duchess of Auvergne, Margaret of Burgundy, Duchess of Bavaria, Marie of Savoy, Countess of Saint-Pol, Anne de Bourbon and The Virgin Mary.

## References
My Joy

***My Joy*** is a 2010 German Ukrainian Dutch road drama movie directed by Sergei Loznitsa and starring Victor Nemets, Olga Shuvalova, Vladimir Golovin, Maria Versami, and Vlad Ivanov.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Health Promotion Board

**Health Promotion Board** (Abbr.: **HPB**; Malay: *Lembaga Penggalakan Kesihatan*, Chinese: 新加坡保健促进局) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Health. This board has been established in 2001, and it is responsible in national health promotion and disease prevention programmes in Singapore.

## Other websites 
*
Australian lace-lid

The **Australian lace-lid**, '''Day's big-eyed tree frog** or **lace-eyed tree frog'* (*Ranoidea dayi'') is a tree frog from Australia.  It lives in northeastern Queensland.

The adult frog is 5.0 cm long.

## References
Capital District (Venezuela)

The **Capital District** () is a federal district of Venezuela. It has an area of 433&nbsp;km² and there is only one administrative division, Libertador, which contains about half of Caracas, the Venezuelan capital city.

## Related pages 
* States of Venezuela
Floyd County, Virginia

**Floyd County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 15,476 people lived there. Its county seat is Floyd.

## References
Hillerstorp

**Hillerstorp** is a locality in Gnosjö Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,766 people lived there.

## References
Kolkhoz

**Kolkhoz** (, a contraction of **коллективное хозяйство**, "collective ownership", **kollektivnoye khozaystvo**) is the name given to large farms that existed in the Soviet Union, and that were organised as a cooperative.  A group of people would run these farms; they also owned the means of production (like the machines they needed), but not the land, which was owned by the state. 

The state also ran farms during that time, which were known as Sovkhoz. These farms existed from about 1917, the date of the October Revolution, to 1991, when the Soviet Union was disbanded. In a Sovkhoz, people were employed, and did not own any means of production. 

As a collective farm, a *kolkhoz* was legally organized as a production cooperative. The Standard Charter of a kolkhoz is a model of cooperative principles in print. It speaks of the kolkhoz as a "form of agricultural production cooperative of peasants that voluntarily unite for the purpose of joint agricultural production based on [...] collective labor". It asserts that "the kolkhoz is managed according to the principles of socialist self-management, democracy, and openness, with active participation of the members in decisions concerning all aspects of internal life".

They imposed detailed work programs and nominated their preferred managerial candidates.  Since the mid-1930s, the kolkhozes had been in effect  an offshoot of the state sector (although notionally they continued to be owned by their members). Nevertheless, in locations with particularly good land or if it happened to have capable management, some kolkhozes accumulated substantial sums of money in their bank accounts. As a result, many kolkhozes were formally nationalized by changing their status to *sovkhozes*. The faint dividing lines between collective and state farms were obliterated almost totally in the late 1960s, when Khrushchev's administration authorized a guaranteed wage to kolkhoz members, similarly to sovkhoz employees.  Essentially, his administration recognized their status as hired hands rather than authentic cooperative members. The guaranteed wage provision was incorporated in the 1969 version of the Standard Charter.

## References
Selargius

**Selargius** (*Ceràxius*) is a town and *comune* (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 28,938 people lived there. Its area is 26.67&nbsp;km². It is 11 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
NeNe Leakes

**Linnethia Monique "NeNe" Leakes** (; née **Johnson**; born on December 13, 1967) is an American television personality, actress, presenter, author, and fashion designer. She is best known for having appeared on the reality television series *The Real Housewives of Atlanta* as an original cast member. She is also known for her role as Roz Washington on the Fox comedy-drama series *Glee*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Greg Berg

**Greg Berg** (born November 26, 1960) is a voice actor.

## Films
### Anime
### Film
### Television
### Video games 
### Radio
* *Rick Dees Morning Show L.A. and (Worldwide) Weekly Top 40* - John Revolting, others (20 year
Cohabitation

**Cohabitation** is an arrangement where people who are romantically or sexually attracted to each other live together, without being married. In most cases, the two people will be of opposite sex, but the term can also be used to describe same-sex relationships. Cohabitation has become common in many countries. In these countries, a large percentage of children are born outside marriage.

In the United Kingdom in 2021 about 3.6 million people were cohabiting.  In England people who live together without being married do not have any of the rights against their partner which married people have if there is a divorce. The law is slightly different in Scotland.

In Sweden, couples that split up can apply for a division of a property if it “was acquired for joint use”, regardless of who paid for it. In New Zealand, couples who have been together for longer than three years are said to be in a “de facto relationship”. They have a legal entitlement to half of the relationship property.

## References
Abentheuer

**Abentheuer** is a municipality of the district Birkenfeld, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 2019, 432 people lived there.

## Other websites 
* Municipality's official website
Seiko Noda

is a Japanese politician. She is a member of the House of Representatives. She is a self-described conservative. She is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). In October 2021, she became the Minister of Loneliness in the Fumio Kishida cabinet.

She was the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications from 3 August 2017 to 2 October 2018.

In August 2024, Noda said she would be interested in running for the Liberal Democratic Party presidency in the 2024 election to replace Fumio Kishida. She previously ran in 2021, losing to Kishida. However the following month, she decided not to run after not getting enough support.

## References
Gloucester County, Virginia

**Gloucester County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 38,711 people lived there. Its county seat is Gloucester Courthouse.

## References
The Simpsons season 2

The 2nd season of ***The Simpsons*** first started showing on the Fox network from October 11, 1990 to July 11, 1991. It has 22 episodes. The season started with the episode "Bart Gets an "F"" and ended with "Blood Feud". The season was first put on DVD for Region 1 on August 6, 2002, Region 2 on July 8, 2002, and Region 4 on July 24, 2002. The season's executive producers were Matt Groening, James L. Brooks, and Sam Simon. They were the executive producers for the first season. The episode "Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment" won a Primetime Emmy Award.

## Production 
"Two Cars in Every Garage and Three Eyes on Every Fish" was the first episode made in the season. "Bart Gets an "F"" was broadcast first because Bart Simpson was liked by many people in 1990. The 2nd season had a new opening sequence. It was shorter than the one before (which was about 90 seconds). In the opening sequence before, it showed Bart taking a bus stop sign. The opening sequence in the 2nd season shows Bart skateboarding past characters that were shown in the first season. There were three opening sequences made for this season. One was 75 seconds, one was 45 seconds, and one was 25 seconds. This was done so that  of *The Simpsons* could do more with the length of each episode.

Many new characters were first shown in this season: Mayor Quimby, Kang and Kodos, Maude Flanders, Bill and Marty, Dr. Hibbert, Roger Meyers, Jr., Sideshow Mel, Dr. Nick Riviera, Troy McClure, Groundskeeper Willie, Hans Moleman, Professor Frink, and Comic Book Guy.

## Ratings 
After the first season, Fox moved showings of *The Simpsons* from Sundays to Thursday so that more people would see it. It was to be shown on 8:00 PM, which started competition with *The Cosby Show*. Producers of *The Simpsons* thought that the competition would make their ratings lower. In the summer of 1990, many news companies made stories about the competition. 

"Bart Gets an "F"" (the first episode of the season) got almost the same Neilsen rating as *The Cosby Show*. The episode got a rating of 18.4 and *The Cosby Show* got a rating of 18.5. "Bart Gets an "F"" was watched by 33.6 million people, which was more than the *Cosby Show*. It was the most watched show on that week. In that time, it was the most watched episode on the Fox network ever. The next episode ("Simpson and Delilah") got a Nielsen rating of 16.2, and *The Cosby Show* got a rating of 18.5 again. "Simpson and Delilah" also had more people who watched it when it was first shown.  

The 3rd episode ("Treehouse of Horror") did not get as many people to watch it as *The Cosby Show* did. After that, *The Cosby Show* had higher ratings than most of the other episode of *The Simpsons* 2nd season. That episode was 23rd and *The Cosby Show* was 26th in the ratings for that week. *The Simpsons* stopped showing on Thursdays in the 6th season.

## Episodes 

## References 
### Bibliography 
* 
* 
*
2019 Hong Kong extradition bill

The **Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019** was a proposed bill in Hong Kong.  It would have changed a law that was already there, the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance (Cap. 503) in relation to special submission arrangements and the Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Ordinance (Cap. 525).  It would have changed the way the government of Hong Kong asked for people to be arrested in any other part of the People's Republic of China, namely mainland China, Macau, and Taiwan, with which it did not already have an existing law. The Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 was never passed.

## Background 
Early in 2018, a 19-year-old Hong Kong resident was arrested in Taiwan for killing his 20-year-old girlfriend.  He was tried in Taiwan because the government of Hong Kong had no way to extradite him, to formally ask the government of Taiwan to send him to them as a prisoner. Because of this, people started talking about Hong Kong's criminal law.

In February 2019, the government proposed a change to criminal laws. The law is meant to allow the government of Hong Kong to arrest anyone suspected of a crime and send them to places where it does not already have a formal extradition treaty, such as mainland China, Macau and Taiwan.

However, organizations like Amnesty International and many Hong Kongers saw that the law could also be used in another way.  The law could allow the government to arrest almost any Hong Konger suspected of a crime and send them to be tried in mainland China instead of in Hong Kong.  Mainland China has a reputation for unfair trials.  They worried that the government would use this to arrest Hong Kongers who spoke against the mainland government and bring them to China as political prisoners and scare the people of Hong Kong.

## Legacy
This bill was one of the reasons Hong Kongers protested in the 2019 Hong Kong protests.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 (full text)
* Legislative Council Brief – Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019
Ten Little Indians

version of the song *Ten Little Indians*, first published in Reykjavik in 1922]]
The **Ten Little Indians** is an American nursery rhyme. The term *Indians* in this sense refers to the Native Americans in the United States.

The modern lyrics for this song are:

## Minstrel song
Songwriter Septimus Winner created an elaborated version of the children's song, called "Ten Little Injuns", in 1868 for a minstrel show.

## Books and songs
It is generally thought the song was adapted, possibly by Frank J. Green in 1869 as "Ten Little Niggers". It's also possible, however, that the influence was the other way around, with "Ten Little Niggers" being a close reflection of the text which then became "Ten Little Indians". 

Agatha Christie's book, *And Then There Were None*, was first called *Ten Little Niggers* and then *Ten Little Indians*.

### Criticism of the racist language
Due to the use of racist words, modern versions for children usually use *soldier boys* or *teddy bears* as objects in the rhyme.

## References in popular culture
"Ten Little Indians" is a 1962 pop and rock-n-roll song from the Beach Boys. It's on their studio album ''Surfin' Safari*.

Several *Looney Tunes* and *Merrie Melodies* short films used the song. In *Tom Tom Tomcat'', Tweety sings the song while writing down the number of Indian cats Granny has taken down so far.

In England's *Mickey Mouse Annual* No. 6, the song was adapted into the comic *10 Little Mickey Kids*. It told of little mouse babies who met their end until there were two left.

## References
Clifford Robinson

**Clifford Ralph Robinson** (December 16, 1966 – August 29, 2020) was an American professional basketball player.

He played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played the first eight seasons of his career with the Portland Trail Blazers, followed by the Phoenix Suns, Detroit Pistons, Golden State Warriors, and New Jersey Nets.  

Robinson received the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award in 1993 and was selected as an NBA All-Star in 1994. He played college basketball for the UConn Huskies.

In March 2019, he had surgery for lymphoma treatment. He died on August 29, 2020, at the age of 53.

## References
Emanuel Tov

**Emanuel Tov** FBA (born September 15, 1941, Amsterdam, Netherlands) is emeritus professor in the Department of Bible at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is known as the editor-in-chief of the Dead Sea Scrolls publication project and as the world's leading authority on the textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible.

## Biography 
Emanuel Tov was born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (1941) and emigrated to Israel in 1961. From 1986 to 2009 he was professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and since 1990 he holds the J. L. Magnes chair.

He was one of the editors of the Hebrew University Bible Project. He is a member of the editorial board of the journals *Dead Sea Discoveries* and the *Journal of Jewish Studies*. He served on the Academic committee of the Magnes Press. He is the co-founder and chairman (1991–2000) of the Dead Sea Scrolls Foundation, a Member of the Academic Committee of the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Senior Associate Fellow of the and an Honorary Fellow of the Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies.

From 1990-2009 he served as the Editor-in-Chief of the international Dead Sea Scrolls Publication Project, which during those years produced 33 volumes of the series Discoveries in the Judean Desert as well as two concordances.

He also published an electronic edition of all the extra-biblical Qumran scrolls and a six-volume printed edition of the scrolls meant for the general public. He also created electronic editions of the Hebrew and Greek Bible.

Emanuel Tov is married to Lika (née Aa). They have three children and four granddaughters.

## Prizes and honorary titles 
* 1999 – 2004 – Humboldt Research Prize, Germany
* 2003 – Ubbo Emmius medal, University of Groningen
* 2004 – Emet Prize for Biblical Research, Israel
* 2006 – Appointed Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy
* 2008 – Honorary doctorate from the University of Vienna
* 2009 – Israel Prize in biblical studies
* 2010 – Samaritan Medal for Humanitarian Achievement
* 2012 – Appointed Member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
* 2017 – Appointed Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* 2019 – Honorary doctorate from the University of Salzburg

## References 
## Bibliography 
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Cathy Cavadini

'*Cathy *Catherine Janet* Cavadini*' (born April 21, 1961) is an American voice actress known for character Blossom in Powerpuff Girls franchise.

## Filmography
### Animated Roles
* *Adventures From The Book of Virtues*
* *Back From The Future The Animated* 
* *The Batman* 
* *Batman, The Brave And The Bold* 
* *Ben 10* 
* *The Cleveland Show* 
* *Darkwing Duck*
* *Doc McStuffins* 
* *Duck Dodgers* 
* *Duckman* 
* ''Fievel's American Tails* 
* *Jackie Chan's Adventures
* *Jem* 
* *Johnny Bravo* 
* *Justice League*, *Justice League Unlimited*
* *Kidd Video*
* *Little Mermaid The Series*
* *Mister T*
* *My Life as a Teenage Robot*
* *My Little Pony*
* *Attack of the Nutri Ventures*
* *Peter Pan and The Pirates*
* *The Powerpuff Girls* - Blossom (1995-2002, 2009-2014)
* *The New Adventures of Sheldon* 
* *Teen Titans* 
* *Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends* 
* *Superman* 
* *What-a-Cartoon* - Blossom 
* ''What's with Andy* 
* *The Powerpuff Girls Movie* 
* *Powerpuff Girls in Twas The Fight Before Christmas''
Imsterberg

**Imsterberg** is a municipality of the district of Imst in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
The Chase

**The Chase** may refer to:

## Movie
* *The Chase* (1946 movie), an American film noir
* *The Chase* (1966 movie), an American drama by Arthur Penn
* *The Chase* (1991 movie), an American television movie by Paul Wendkos
* *The Chase* (1994 movie), an American comedy starring Charlie Sheen and Kristy Swanson
* *The Chase* (2017 movie), a South Korean movie
* *The Chase*, a 2006 short featuring Sherard Parker

## Literature
* *The Chase* (novel), a novel by Clive Cussler
**The Chase*, a children's novel by Roderick Hunt  
**The Chase*, a novel by Janet Evanovich and Lee Goldberg
**The Chase*, a collection of poems by John Figueroa

## Television 
* *The Chase* (2006 TV series), a British drama series
* *The Chase* (UK game show), a British game show
** *The Chase* (U.S. game show), the American adaptation of the above
** *The Chase Australia*, the Australian adaptation of the above
### Episodes
* "The Chase", Chapter 8 in Book Two: Earth of *Avatar: The Last Airbender*
* "The Chase" (*Desperate Housewives*)
* "The Chase" (*Doctor Who*)
* "The Chase" (*Star Trek: The Next Generation*)

## Music 
### Albums
* *The Chase* (Garth Brooks album)
* *The Chase* (Illy album)
* *The Chase* (Marit Larsen album)
* *The Chase* (Manafest album)
* *The Chase* (Wolfstone album)
* *The Chase!*, a 1970 album by Dexter Gordon and Gene Ammons

### Songs
* "Chase" (instrumental) or "The Chase", by Giorgio Moroder
* "The Chase", a song by The Camelots
* "The Chase", a song by Clinic, produced for the film  *Road to Salina*
* "The Chase", an instrumental by Howard Jones, a B-side of the single *No One Is to Blame*
* "The Chase", a song by Queensrÿche from *Operation: Mindcrime II*
* "The Chase", a song by Rednex from *The Best of the West*

## Other uses
* The Chase Nature Reserve, London
* The Chase School, in Malvern, Worcestershire

## Related pages 
* Chase (disambiguation)
Tom Berryhill

**Thomas Charles Berryhill** (August 27, 1953 – August 29, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was a state legislator from California.

## Career
He was a member He of the Stanislaus County Board of Supervisors from January 7, 2019 until his death.  He previously represented the 8th district in the California State Senate from December 6, 2010 to November 30, 2018.  He had also served in the California State Assembly, representing the 25th district from December 4, 2006 to November 30, 2010.

## Personal life
Berryhill's brother, Bill, represented the 26th district in the State Assembly from 2008 to 2012.  Their father, Clare, served in the State Assembly from 1969 to 1970 and the State Senate from 1972 to 1976.

## Death
Berryhill was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2018. He died on August 29, 2020 at the age of 67.

## References
Subzero (horse)

**Subzero** (nickname: **Subbie**) (foaled 26 September 1988 in Australia  29 August 2020) was a Thoroughbred racehorse.

## Career
Subzero won the 1992 Melbourne Cup.  Trained by Lee Freedman and ridden by veteran jockey Greg Hall, the four-year-old revelled in the rain-affected going to defeat the favourite Veandercross and the two-miler Castletown.  The win was to be Subzero's last, but, as one of the few grey winners of the race in the post-War era, his fame was assured.

## Retirement
Upon retirement from racing, the big, near-white gelding with a lovely temperament was employed as the clerk of the course's horse by Racing Victoria's long-time Clerk, Graham Salisbury, and has made numerous appearances on television, at charity functions, and at schools.  In July 2008, he was fully retired as he had developed arthritis.

## Health and death
In October 2009, it was reported that Subzero might need to be put down as the medication he needed for his arthritis became unavailable in Australia. However the medication was subsequently sourced from the United States, and Subzero continued to appear in public. In his retirement he was gentle natured, very patient with children and remained with Graham Salisbury until Salisbury's death in June 2020.

On 29 August 2020, he was humanely put down due to a heart condition. He was 31.

## Related pages
* List of millionaire racehorses in Australia
* List of Melbourne Cup winners

## References
## Further reading
*

## Other websites
* Product-maker flies the Pacific to help ailing Cup winner - Horsetalk.co.nz 1.11.09
* Subzero's pedigree and partial racing stats
*Subzero visiting the Living Legends park
Goochland County, Virginia

**Goochland County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 24,727 people lived there. Its county seat is Goochland.

## References
Wyoming toad

The **Wyoming toad** or '''Baxter's toad'* (*Anaxyrus baxteri'') is a toad that has become rare. The only living Wyoming toads are in captivity. For example, the Mortenson Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Wyoming breeds these toads. It was listed as "endangered" in 1984, and as "extinct in the wild" in 1991.  There were suddenly far fewer Wyoming toads around 1975 and the toad extremely rare by 1980. To prevent extinction, a captive breeding program was started in 1989 at the Thorne Williams Unit. This program produced enough young toads in the first few years to send toads to seven different zoos. In 1998, the Saratoga National Fish Hatchery received toads to breed. Between 1995 and 2006, when the remaining captive toads were moved from the Thorne Williams Unit to the Red Buttes Environmental Biology Laboratory south of Laramie, nearly 46,000 offspring had been produced at the Thorne Williams Unit and released back into the wild. Before the sharp declines occurred, this toad was classified as a subspecies of the Canadian toad.

In nature, the female toad leaves her eggs in the shallow parts of ponds and lakes.  The tadpoles swim in the warmest parts of the water.

Adult frogs look for food during the day and hide at night.  Sometimes they go into burrows dug by rodents.  Adult frogs eat mostly ants but they also eat beetles and other animals without backbones.

Scientists are not sure why the Wyoming toad started to die out in the 1970s.  They think it might have been that people were using an insect-killing chemical called Baytex, that seagulls, pelicans and raccoons were eating the toads, or that irrigation for hay growing changed their living space.

## References
The Simpsons season 3

The 3rd season of ***The Simpsons*** first started showing on television on September 19, 1991. The season started with the episode "Stark Raving Dad". The season ended with the episode "Brother, Can You Spare Two Dimes?" on August 27, 1992. The season was first released to DVD for Region 1 on August 23, 2003, Region 2 on October 6, 2003, and Region 4 on November 12, 2003.

## Awards 
The season won six Primetime Emmy Awards for "Outstanding Voice-Over Performance". These are the people who won:
*Nancy Cartwright for Bart Simpson in the episode "Separate Vocations"
*Dan Castellaneta for Homer Simpson in the episode "Lisa's Pony"

## Episodes 

## References
Vladimir Andreyev

**Vladimir Alekseevich Andreyev** (; 27 August 1930 – 29 August 2020) was a Soviet and Russian theater and actor, theater director, screenwriter and teacher. He was honored with the People's Artist of the USSR in 1985.

Some of his best known movies were in *Certificate of Maturity* (1954), *True Friends* (1954), *Good Morning* (1955), *Cruelty* (1959), *The Tale of Tsar Saltan* (1966), *Bastards* (2006) and *The Circus Princess* (2008).

Andreyev died on 29 August 2020 at his home from a heart attack in Moscow, aged 90.

## References
Adrienne Bailon

**Adrienne Eliza Bailon-Houghton** (née **Bailon** (); born October 24, 1983) is an American singer, actress, model, television personality, YouTuber, and businesswoman. She is a former member of girl groups 3LW and the Cheetah Girls.

Bailon appeared in *The Cheetah Girls* movies, *Coach Carter* and ''All You've Got.''

## References
Political spectrum

A **political spectrum** is a way to talk about different political positions and how they are similar to or different from other political positions. These positions sit upon one or more geometric axes that represent independent political dimensions. Traditionally, the political spectrum has people who support left-wing ideas on the left and people who support right-wing ideas  on the right. 

The Political Compass is like the Political Spectrum but it also asks if people are libertarian or authoritarian.
Vasily Lanovoy

**Vasily Semyonovich Lanovoy** (; 16 January 1934 — 28 January 2021) was a Russian actor. He worked in the Vakhtangov Theatre, Moscow. He was also known as the President of Artek Festival of Films for Children. 

Lanovoy's honours included the KGB Prize, the Lenin Prize, and the title of People's Artist of the USSR. In 2019, he received the title Hero of Labour of the Russian Federation.

He was born in Moscow. He died on 28 January 2021 at the age of 86 from problems caused by COVID-19.

## References
## Other websites
*
Viktor Mykolayovych Tikhonov

**Viktor Mykolayovych Tikhonov** (5 March 1949 &ndash; 29 August 2020) was a Ukrainian politician. He was born in the Antratsyt Raion, Ukraine. During the Mykola Azarov cabinet, he was the First Vice Prime Minister between 11 March 2010 through 1 June 2011. He was a member of the Verkhovna Rada between 1994 through 2014.

Tikhonov died of pneumonia on 29 August 2020 in Simferopol, Ukraine at the age of 71.

## References
Eastern mountains tree frog

The **eastern mountains tree frog** (*Ranoidea dorsivena*) is a frog from New Guinea. Scientists saw it about 1500 meters above sea level in the higher parts of the Fly River and Sepak River, and in the Arfak Mountains.

## References
Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde

***Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde*** is a 1971 British science fiction horror movie directed by Roy Ward Baker and is based on the 1886 novella *Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde* by Robert Louis Stevenson. It stars Ralph Bates, Martine Beswick, Gerald Sim, Lewis Fiander and was distributed by Hammer Film Productions.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Fritzens

**Fritzens** is a municipality of the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Chalcid wasp

The **chalcid wasps** are formally called the **Chalcidoidea**. They are a superfamily of parasitoid wasps. They have a huge number of species, estimated as over 500,000 (half a million). The superfamily includes 22 families. The data included morphology and ribosomal 18S data. The researchers comment that only about 22,506 species of the half-million have been formally described.

Most of the species are parasitic on other kinds of insect. They attack the egg or larval stages of at least 12 different insect orders. When that insect is itself a parasitoid, then the chalcid is called a hyperparasitoid. Chalcids are sometimes used to control crop pests. A few chalcids  actually eat plants, and the most famous of these are the fig wasps.

There are 19 living families of chalcids.

## References
How Do I Love Thee?

***How Do I Love Thee?*** is a 1970 American comedy drama movie directed by Michael Gordon and is based on the 1965 novel *Let Me Count the Ways* by Peter De Vries. It stars Jackie Gleason and Maureen O'Hara and was distributed by Cinerama Releasing Corporation. How Do I Love Thee? was released on October 1, 1970.
## Reference 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Grayson County, Virginia

**Grayson County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 15,333 people lived there. Its county seat is Independence.

## References
Zoom (software)

]]
**Zoom** is a video chat software program made by Zoom Video Communications. Its unpaid service allows up to 100 people to video chat for no more than 40 minutes. Its paid service allows up to 1,000 people to video chat with no time limit.

Zoom works on Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, and Linux. Zoom allows one-on-one meetings, group calls, screen sharing, and video recordings.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Zoom has become very popular for working from home, attending school from home, and online  relationships. It has also been criticized by people concerned about privacy and surveillance.

In 2020, Zoom added new features for accessibility, like better closed captions and video window adjustments. They also launched OnZoom, a platform for hosting free and paid virtual events. In 2022, Zoom released Zoom One, an all-in-one tool for video calls, chat, phone calls, and tasks.

## References
Patrick W. Skehan

**Patrick William Skehan** (30 September 1909 - 9 September 1980) was an American Old Testament semitic scholar.

## Life 
He was the Chair of the Department of Semitic and Egyptian Languages and Literatures at The Catholic University of America and a visiting professor at the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome. He was appointed Secretary of the Advisory Committee for the Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium (C.S.C.O.). He was ordained as a priest in the Catholic Church.

## Works 
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

## References 
## Bibliography 
*
*
*
*
Society of Saint Pius X

(Low Mass) at Society of Saint Pius X's Sancta Maria Institute in Wangs, Switzerland.]]

Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) is the largest radical traditionalist Catholic organization in the world, who rejected the Roman Catholic Church's reforms associated with the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), alleging that they deviated from the Catholic Church's traditions.

## Background
The SSPX was founded by late French archbishop Marcel-François Lefebvre in Ecône, Switzerland in 1970 to resist the liberalized Roman Catholic Church. Marcel-François Lefebvre was a supporter of the Nazi puppet state Vichy France, E. Michael Jones, one of its loyal members, was also found to have promoted Nazism to his students.

## Prominent members
### Richard Williamson
One well known member of the society, Richard Williamson, denied the Holocaust in public for several times. Williamson denied the existence of gas chambers in the Auschwitz concentration camp, He also claimed that *The Protocols of the Elders of Zion* was true and insisted that fewer than 300,000 Jews had died in the Holocaust  which caused him to get fined €10,000 in Germany for Holocaust denial. Despite his longstanding antisemitism and Holocaust denial, the Roman Catholic Church reinstated him as a bishop, sparking controversy over the influence of radical traditionalist Catholics within the Church hierarchy.

## Related pages
* Antisemitism
* Clerical fascism
* Supersessionism
* Roman Catholics and antisemitism in the 21st century

## References
Fig wasp

**Fig wasps** are wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea which spend their larval stage inside figs. Most pollinate the figs, but others simply feed on the plant. 

The non-pollinators belong to several groups in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. So, the fig wasps are a polyphyletic group: they include several unrelated lineages whose similarities are based upon their shared association with figs. 

The pollinators are all in the family Agaonidae. They make galls. The other types either make their own galls or use the galls of other fig wasps.

## References
Choi Bo-min

**Choi Bo-min** may refer to:
* Choi Bo-min (archer) (born 1984), South Korean compound archer
* Choi Bo-min (singer) (born 2000), South Korean singer, actor and host
Ashanti (1979 movie)

***Ashanti*** (also called ***Ashanti, Land of No Mercy***) is a 1979 Swiss American action adventure movie directed by Richard Fleischer and was based the 1974 novel *Ébano* by Alberto Vázquez-Figueroa. It stars Michael Caine, Peter Ustinov, Kabir Bedi, Beverly Johnson, Omar Sharif, Rex Harrison, William Holden, Zia Mohyeddin, Jean-Luc Bideau and Tariq Yunus and was distributed by Warner Bros. in North America and Columbia Pictures internationally.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*