open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ottawa Hills, Ohio

**Ottawa Hills** is a village in Ohio, United States. 4,790 people lived there in 2020. The village is a rich suburb of Toledo. They have a police and fire department.  The high school is the second best public school in Ohio. Ottawa Hills is 13th out of 1065 places in Ohio by average income.

## References
Izanami

**Izanami** is a goddess of both creation and death in Japanese mythology. She is said to have died giving birth to one of her children {who Izanagi killed due to the grief of losing his beloved} and was sent to Yomi, the land of the dead. Izanagi, her husband, came down to Yomi to bring her back to earth. While she Izanami was in Yomi, she felt hungry and ate the fruit. After eating the fruit, she turned into one of the undead, a rotting, maggot-infested pile of flesh. When Izanagi arrived, she would not step out from the shadows and told her husband to go back to earth. Izanagi tried to persuade her to come back with him and she agreed if she could take a rest in her bedchambers, forbidding Izanagi to enter. Izanagi, anxious to return to earth, snuck into her chambers and, taking his comb from his hair, lit it on fire, showing him her rotting body. Izanami woke up and seeing him, became enraged. Izanagi fled from the underworld and sealed the way with a giant rock. Izanami then became known as the Shinigami, the goddess of death. Izanami vowed to kill 1,000 people everyday, and Izanagi vowed to create 1500 every day.

## Related pages
*Persephone
*Eurydice
*Eve
Mary Harrison McKee

**Mary Scott Harrison McKee** (April 3, 1858 &ndash; October 28, 1930) was the only daughter of President Benjamin Harrison and his wife Caroline Scott Harrison. After her mother died in 1892, McKee served as her father's First Lady for the remainder of his term.
Zella-Mehlis

**Zella-Mehlis** is a town in the Schmalkalden Meinigen district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is in the Thuringian Forest,  north of Suhl, and  east of Meiningen.

## References
## Other websites
Bachelor of Arts

(Graphic Design) granted by the University of Derby in 2014]]
A **Bachelor of Arts** or **BA** is a college degree. It takes three years to get it in Australia, Austria, Denmark,  Estonia, England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Germany, Iceland, India, Israel, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Quebec, Pakistan, Singapore, South Africa, and Switzerland. It takes four years in Canada, Republic of Ireland, Scotland, Japan, United States, Republic of Korea, Republic of China (Taiwan), and the Philippines.  *Bachelor of Arts* is often written as "BA" or "B.A." The Latin term is *artium baccalaureus* so some colleges use the abbreviation of "AB" or "A.B."

The word "arts" means the *liberal arts*. Compared to Bachelor of Science degrees, Bachelor of Arts often require more courses outside the main field of study. A Bachelor of Arts can be awarded in the sciences, social sciences, or humanities.

## References
Food processing

**Food processing** means the ways that are used to change raw s into food so that they can be eaten by humans or animals. The food processing industry uses these processes. Food processing often takes clean, harvested or slaughtered and butchered  and uses these to produce attractive and marketable food products. A similar process is used to produce animal feed.

## Industries 
Food processing industries and practices include the following:
* Cannery
* Cooking
* Industrial rendering
* Meat packing plant
* Slaughterhouse
* Sugar industry
* Vegetable packing plant

## Related pages
*Food preservation
*Farming
*Cattle
*Fishing

## Other websites
*Food processing Faraday 
*Foodprocessing Informational Website
*Hyfoma Food processing and manufacturing knowledge Portal
*Institute of Food Technologists
*How to choose a food processor 
*Food Processor Review 
*Food Processor Recipes
*Food Processing Technology
*U.S. association of suppliers to the global food, beverage and pharmaceutical processing industries
60 (number)

**60** (spelled **sixty**) is a number. It comes after fifty-nine and before sixty-one and is an even number.
It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60.

*60 is a highly composite number
Port Said

: Site of **PortSaid** (top).]]

**Port Said** (Arabic **بورسعيد**,
transliterated '''''')
is an Egyptian city near the Suez Canal, with a population of about 500,000.

Port Said has fishing and industries, like chemicals, processed food, and cigarettes. Port Said is also an important harbour both for exports of Egyptian products like cotton and rice, but also a fuelling station for ships that pass through the Suez Canal. 
## Other websites
* PortSaid Free-zone Forums 
* PortSaid-Online,Port Said's Largest Community - All about Port Said 
* Satellite picture by Google Maps
CN Tower

The **CN Tower** is a telecommunications tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is  tall and is the tallest free-standing structure (meaning it cannot have wires to keep it standing) in Canada, North America, and the Western Hemisphere. It is not the tallest building as there are no floors for people to work or live in nor is it the tallest structure of any kind in the Americas, as the KVLY-TV mast in North Dakota is taller at . It however, requires wires to keep it upright.

Construction of the concrete tower started on 6 February 1973. In 1975, while it was still being built, it became taller than the Ostankino Tower in Moscow. When it opened to the public  on 26 June 1976, it became the tallest free-standing structure on land in the world. It held this record for more than thirty years, until the Burj Khalifa, while it was still being built, became taller on 12 September 2007 . The CN Tower continued to be the world's tallest tower until the Canton Tower became taller in 2010. It is now the ninth tallest building in the world and the fifth tallest free-standing structure behind both of these, the Shanghai Tower, and the Burj Khalifa.

The "CN" in the tower's name came from the *Canadian National* Railway, the railway company that built the tower.  In 1995, the railway sold the tower to the Canada Lands Company (CLC).  Local residents wanted to keep the name *CN Tower*, though, so the abbreviation is now a shortened form of '''Canada's National Tower** instead of the original **Canadian National Tower'''. Neither of these names are commonly used, though; the tower is usually called the "CN Tower".

Today, the CN Tower is an important icon of Toronto and has more than two million tourists and visitors every year. It has been one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World since 1995.

It has a restaurant that spins around every 1 hour & 12 minutes.

## Related pages
* List of tallest structures in the world

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* CBC Archives – CN Tower opens to the public
* Edgewalk 
* The Design, Engineering and Construction of the CN Tower – 1972 through to 1976
* A visual construction history of the CN Tower – at 40th year anniversaries
* How the CN Tower was Built—Art of Engineering (YouTube documentary)
List of cities and towns in Germany

**Complete list of 2,074 cities in Germany** (as of September 1, 2005)

Only municipalities with dependant administration and that have the *Stadtrecht* (city rights) are included.

## A 
## B 
## C 
## D 
## E 
## F 
## G 
## H 
## I 
## J 
## K 
## L 
## M 
## N 
## O 
## P 
## Q 
## R 
## S 
## T 
## U 
## V 
## W 
## X 
## Z
Görlitz

**Görlitz** (, Upper Sorbian: *Zhorjelc*, , , Upper Lusatian dialect: *Gerlz, Gerltz* or *Gerltsch*) is a town in Germany on the river Lusatian Neisse, in the *Bundesland* (*Federal State*) of Saxony, opposite the Polish town of Zgorzelec. Zgorzelec was a part of Görlitz until 1945.

Historically Görlitz has belonged at times to the regions of Lusatia and Silesia. Today it is the easternmost city in Germany.

## History 
When Nazi Germany lost the war, German troops blew up all bridges crossing the Lusatian Neisse. The redrawing of boundaries in 1945 – in particular the relocation of the German-Polish border to the Oder-Neisse line – divided the town, the right bank becoming part of Poland, and named Zgorzelec in 1948, while the main portion became part of the German state of Saxony. When the East German states were dissolved in 1952, Görlitz became part of the Dresden Bezirk (region), but the states were restored upon German reunification in 1990.

Today Görlitz and Zgorzelec, two towns on opposite banks of the river, have friendly relations. Two bridges have been rebuilt, a bus line connects the German and Polish parts of the town, and there is a common urban management, with annual common sessions of both town councils.

On June 27, 1994, the town was became a Roman Catholic diocese.

Görlitz is the hometown of current German football players Michael Ballack and Jens Jeremies.

In 2006 Görlitz/Zgorzelec was a candidate for European City of Culture 2010. It was hoped that the jury could be convinced by the concept of a Polish-German Cooperation but Essen got the award, with Görlitz achieving the second place. The Campaign was renamed City of Culture to intensify German-Polish relationship and to attract tourists from all over the world.

## In fiction
The dramatic courtroom scene, at the conclusion of John le Carré famous Cold War spy novel "*The Spy Who Came in from the Cold"*, takes place in a secret Socialist Unity Party of Germany installation near Görlitz, in the middle 1960s.

## People 
* Jakob Böhme - philosopher, 1575 born in a village near Görlitz.
* Johann Christoph Brotze
* Oskar Morgenstern
* Hans-Jürgen Dörner, football player and coach
* Jens Jeremies, retired footballer, had played for Bayern Munich and the German national team.
* Michael Ballack, footballer,  signed to German club Bayer Leverkusen, current captain of the German national team.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Vision

**Vision**  can refer to:

* Sight- the ability to see
* a form of religious experience
* Vision (Marvel Comics) - A fictional superhero created by Marvel Studios
Visible spectrum

The **visible spectrum** (or sometimes called the **optical spectrum**) is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called **visible light** or simply light. 

 beams with visible spectrum]]
A typical human eye will react to wavelengths in air from about 380 to 750&nbsp;nm. 

The familiar colors of the rainbow in the spectrum include all those colors that can be produced by visible light of a single wavelength only, the *pure spectral* or *monochromatic* colors. 

But there are no clear boundaries between one color and the next.

## Color display spectrum
Color displays (e.g., computer monitors or televisions) mix red, green, and blue color to approximate the color spectrum. In the illustration, the narrow red, green and blue bars show the relative mixture of these three colors used to produce the color directly above.

## References
Aach, Rhineland-Palatinate

**Aach** is a municipality in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is part of Trier-Land, a *Verbandsgemeinde*.

Aach has a council with sixteen seats. The last elections in 2004 brought the CDU twelve seats, the other four went to the free voters' association (FWG Aach e. V.) In the same elections Mayor Josef Klein (CDU) was voted into office with nearly 74% of the votes.

## Geography 
Aach is about 6&nbsp;km north of the center of Trier. It is in the southern Eifel mountains.

## References
Joachimsthal, Brandenburg

**Joachimsthal** is a town in the district of Barnim, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is  northwest of Eberswalde, and  northeast of Berlin-Mitte.

## References
## Other websites
Bad Tölz

**Bad Tölz** is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen.

In 1937 a SS-Junkerschule (SS Officer Candidate School) was made at Bad Tölz which  until the end of World War II in 1945. As well, a subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp was in the town. It provided labour for the SS-Junkerschule and the Zentralbauleitung (Central Administration Building). The former SS-Junkerschule was the base of the U.S. Army's 1st Battalion, 10th Special Forces Group until 1991.

Bad Tölz is known for its spas, historic medieval town, and spectacular views of the alps. On the western bank of the Isar River lies the Kurverwaltung, or modern spa, whose iodine-rich waters are known for their soothing and healing powers. Another major attraction is Stadtpfarrkirche, a church made in 1466, which is a good example of German late-Gothic architecture.

## Geography 
Bad Tölz sits on the Isar River,  above sea level. It has an area of 

## Culture 
* Bad Tölz is the setting of the popular television series, *Der Bulle von Tölz*.
* Tölzer Knabenchor - a world-famous boys choir.
* Bad Tölz is famous for the hockey club EC Bad Tölz (also known as Tölzer Löwen)

## References 
## Other websites 
*  
* Junkerschule Bad Tölz
Chris Brown

**Christopher Maurice Brown** (born May 5, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor. He is one of the most successful R&B singers of the generation as said by *Billboard*. He has often been called by many  as the King of R&B".

*Forever* is one of Brown's most famous songs. He has won three American Music Awards, three MTV Video Music Awards, eleven BET Awards, and one Grammy Award.

## Personal life
He got attention when he was arrested and convicted in 2009 for beating his then-girlfriend, Barbadian singer Rihanna. Brown has bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.

He made his own record label CBE (Chris Brown Entertainment or Culture Beyond Your Evolution) in 2007. Brown has three children: Royalty Brown (born 2014 with Nia Guzman), Aeko Catori (born 2019 with Annika Harris) and Lovely Symphani (born 2022 with Diamond Brown)

## Artistry
Brown has a four-octave tenor vocal range and the useful of the falsetto. He lists Michael Jackson, Marvin Gaye, Sam Cooke, Ginuwine, Lil Wayne, 2Pac, Phil Collins, Bobby Brown and R. Kelly as his musical influences.

## Discography
Brown has released 11 studio albums and 9 mixtapes:

## References
Bad Reichenhall

**Bad Reichenhall** is a spa town, and capital of the Berchtesgadener Land district in Upper Bavaria, Germany. It is located near Salzburg, and encircled by the Chiemgauer Alps. Mount Staufen () and Mount Zwiesel () are both near Bad Reichenhall. Bad Reichenhall is a traditional center of salt production, obtained by evaporating water saturated with salt from brine ponds. The town was the site of a disaster on 2 January 2006, when the roof of the town's ice rink collapsed under snow, killing 15 and injuring 34 others.

## Ice rink disaster 
Fifteen people, twelve of them children, died in the collapse of the Bad Reichenhall Ice Rink on 2 January 2006. Thirty-four people were injured in the accident.

## Famous people from Bad Reichenhall 
* Anni Friesinger, speed skater
* Regina Häusl, alpine skier
* Stefan Holzner, triathlete
* Michael Neumayer, ski jumper
* Hans Söllner, singer-songwriter

## References
## Other websites 
* Bad Reichenhall Tourist Centre
* Bad Reichenhall Tourist Attractions
Demmin

**Demmin** () is a town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It was the capital of the former Demmin Rural District.

## World War II 
German troops destroyed the bridges over the Peene while retreating from Demmin during World War II. This way, the advance of the Soviet Red Army was slowed down when they arrived in Demmin on April 30, 1945. During that night and the following morning, Demmin was handed over to the Red Army largely without fighting, similar to other cities like Greifswald.

Although there were only a few pockets of resistance, nearly 900 people committed mass suicides in fear of the Red Army. Coroner lists show that most drowned in the nearby River Tollense and River Peene, where others poisoned themselves. This was fuelled by atrocities and rapes committed by Red Army soldiers until the city commander had the access to the rivers blocked on May 3.

## Famous residents 
* Joachim Lütkemann (1608-1655), preacher and author
* Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann (1724-1782), merchant and politician
* Julius Friedrich Cohnheim (1839-1884), pathologist
* Willy Schulz-Demmin (1892-1974), painter
* Hans-Adolf Asbach (1904-1976), politician
* Willi Laatsch (1905-1997), pedologist
* Paul von Maltzahn (born 1945), diplomat
* Andy Glandt, banjo player

## Literature 
* Norbert Buske, Das Kriegsende in Demmin 1945 (German) - The End of the War in Demmin 1945

## References
## Other websites

* Official website
Aach, Baden-Württemberg

**Aach** [] is a small town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Being situated close to Lake Constance and the Swiss border, it is mostly known for the Aachtopf, Germany's biggest natural spring in terms of production.

Aach has a city council with twelve seats. The last elections in 2004 brought three seats for the CDU, three seats for the SPD and four seats for independent voters' associations. Aach's mayor is Severin Graf (CDU).

## References
## Other websites 
*  Aach:History and images
Nienburg

**Nienburg** is a town and capital of the district Nienburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

## Geography 
### Geographical location 
Nienburg is on the river Weser, approx.  southeast of Bremen, and  northwest of Hanover. Nienburg is the largest town in the Mittelweserregion.

### Population 
(in each case December 31st)
* 1998 - 32.789
* 1999 - 32.659
* 2000 - 32.611
* 2001 - 32.454
* 2002 - 32.462
* 2003 - 32.543
* 2004 - 32.691
* 2005 - 32.803

### Town's structure 
Nienburg, including quarters
* Erichshagen
* Holtorf
* Langendamm
* Schäferhof/Kattriede
* Nordertor
* Leintor
* Lehmwandlung
* Alpheide

## Town council 
The 38 members of the "Stadtrat" are made up of:
* Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands - CDU 14
* Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands - SPD 17
* Bündnis 90/Die Grünen - Grüne 3
* Freie Demokratische Partei-FDP 2
* Wählergemeinschaft - WG 1
* Die Linke 1
(September 10, 2006)

## Twin towns 
Nienburg has two twin towns:
* Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
* Vitebsk, Belarus

## References
Querfurt

**Querfurt** a town in Saalekreis district (Kreis) in the south of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, in a fertile country on the Querne,  west from Merseburg, on a branch line from Oberroblingen.

## References
## Other websites
Saab 35 Draken

The **Saab 35 Draken** ("kite" or "dragon") is a fighter aircraft made by Saab. It first flew in 1955 and was introduced in 1960. It was made to replace the Saab 29 Tunnan. The Draken used a delta wing, which gave it speed. In fact, it was Sweden's first aircraft to go twice the speed of sound.

## What the Draken is like 
The Draken is 50 feet, 4 inches (15.35 meters) long, 30 feet, 10 inches (9.42 meters) wide, and 12 feet, 0 inches (03.89 meters) tall. It weighs 18,188 pounds (8,250 kilograms) empty and can weigh up to 27,050 pounds (12,270 kilograms) with things in it. It is powered by a Volvo Flygmotor RM 6C jet engine. It carries 2 30mm cannon and can carry AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles.

## Who uses the Draken 
*Sweden
*Austria
*Finland
*Denmark
*United States

## Related pages
*Mirage III
*Delta wing
*Saab

## References
Departments of Haiti

Haiti is divided into 10 departments (French, *départements*).  When Haiti was the French colony of *Saint-Domingue*, there were three provinces: North, South and West. Under Toussaint L'Ouverture, the provinces were converted into departments.

The departments are further divided into 41 *arrondissements*, and 133 *communes*.

## Other websites
*Statoids: Departments of Haiti
Turquoise

**Turquoise** is an opaque (cannot be seen through), blueish-green mineral. It is not common and can be valuable in finer grades.  It has been prized as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years because of its interesting coloring. 

The word 'turquoise' means Turkish in French.
Yotsuya Kaidan

**Yotsuya Kaidan**, also known as *Tōkaidō yotsuya kaidan*, is one of the most famous Japanese ghost stories of all time. It was written as a play in 1825 by Tsuruya Nanboku. 

The tale takes place in the Tōkaidō region.

## Plot
The story is a tale of murder, betrayal and ghostly . It continues to be an influence on Japanese horror today.

## References
Chris Brown (disambiguation)

**Chris Brown** (born 1989) is an American R&B singer.

**Chris Brown** or **Christopher Brown** may refer to:

## Music
**Chris Brown* (album), an album by Chris Brown
*Chris Brown (Canadian musician), Canadian singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist
*Chris Brown (Australian musician), Australian musician, member of Ayers Rock (band)
*Chris Brown (composer) (born 1953), composer, pianist, and electronic musician
*Chris Taylor Brown (born 1981), singer for Trapt
*Christopher Brown (composer) (born 1943), English composer

## Sports
### Cricket
*Chris Brown (cricketer, born 1974) (born 1974), English cricketer
*Chris Brown (cricketer, born 1973) (born 1973), former Cook Islands cricketer

### Gridiron football
*Chris Brown (American football coach), American football coach and former player
*Chris Brown (defensive back) (born 1962), American football player
*Chris Brown (offensive lineman) (born 1978), former American football offensive lineman
*Chris Brown (running back), American football player

### Football
*Chris Brown (American soccer) (born 1977), American soccer midfielder/striker
*Chris Brown (footballer, born 1971), English-American football defender and manager
*Chris Brown (footballer, born 1984), English football striker
*Chris Brown (footballer, born 1992), English football defender

### Hockey
*Chris Brown (field hockey) (born 1960), New Zealand
*Chris Brown (ice hockey) (born 1991), American ice hockey player drafted by the Phoenix Coyotes
*Christophe Brown (born 1974), Swiss ice hockey player in the Switzerland National League A

### Other sports
*Chris Brown (athlete) (born 1978), Bahamian sprinter
*Chris Brown (baseball) (1961–2006), American third baseman

## Politics
*Chris A. Brown (born 1964), member of the New Jersey General Assembly
*Christopher J. Brown (born 1971), member of the New Jersey General Assembly
*Chris Brown (California politician) (born 1981), American politician and businessman in the state of California
*Chris Brown (Mississippi politician) (born 1967), Republican Mississippi state representative and businessman

## Other people 
*Christopher Brown (author), American science fiction author
*Christopher Brown (museum director) (born 1948), director of the Ashmolean Museum
*Chris Brown (British Army officer), last General Officer Commanding Northern Ireland
*Chris Brown (veterinarian) (born 1978), Australian veterinarian, television personality and author
*M. Christopher Brown II, President of Alcorn State University
*Chris Brown (dancer) (1896–1956), Native American dancer and costume maker
El Greco

**El Greco** ("The Greek", 1 October 1541 – 7 April 1614) was a painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. He usually signed his paintings in Greek letters with his full name, **Doménicos Theotokópoulos** ().

El Greco was born in Crete, which was the center of Post-Byzantine art at that time. He trained and became a master of that kind of art before travelling at 26 to Venice, as other Greek artists had done. In 1570, he moved to Rome and opened a workshop and made a series of works. While he was in Italy, El Greco added elements of Mannerism and of the Venetian Renaissance to his style. In 1577, at the age of 36, he moved to Toledo, Spain, where he lived and worked until his death in 1614. In Toledo, El Greco painted his best-known paintings.

El Greco's dramatic and expressionist style puzzled other painters at the time, but came to be appreciated in the 20th century. El Greco is considered to have influenced both the Expressionist and Cubist styles. His personality and works inspired poets and writers like Rainer Maria Rilke and Nikos Kazantzakis. Many modern scholars think that El Greco belongs to no conventional school. He is best known for long figures and often fantastic or dramatic coloring, combining Byzantine traditions with Western painting traditions. His paintings generally have very bright parts contrasting with very dark parts.

## References
Red Army

The **Red Army** was the army of the Bolsheviks that was led by Leon Trotsky during the Russian Civil War. It later became the army of the Soviet Union. The name used mainly before and during World War II. After the war, it was renamed as the Soviet Army, but many people continued to call it the Red Army. Even now, some people still nickname the modern Russian Army as the Red Army. 

Some later communist organizations such as the Red Army Faction used the name, and anti-communists sometimes used the name for any left-wing group that they said was trying to promote communism and was paid for by the Soviets.

The Red Army was established by Leon Trotsky in January 1918 to counter the White Army during the Russian Civil War. In February 1946, it was renamed the "Soviet Army," and after the Soviet Union dissolved, it became the Russian Army on May 7, 1992.

The Red Army was the biggest land force in the Allied victory in Europe during World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria helped lead to Japan's surrender. On the Eastern Front, it caused 75–80% of the casualties suffered by German forces and ultimately captured Berlin.

## Origins 
In September 1917, Vladimir Lenin argued that the only way to prevent the return of police power was to establish a people's militia and integrate it with the army, replacing the standing army with an armed populace. At that time, the Imperial Russian Army was in decline, with about 19 million men mobilized—only 23% of the male population—but most were unarmed and in support roles. General Nikolay Dukhonin reported around 2 million deserters, 1.8 million dead, 5 million wounded, and 2 million prisoners, estimating that about 10 million troops remained.
Byron (disambiguation)

**Byron** can mean:

## People
### Surname
*George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron ("Lord Byron"), a well-known English writer and poet
*Beverly Byron, U.S. Congresswoman
*Don Byron, an American jazz composer and musician
*Fergal Byron, Irish gaelic football player
*Goodloe Byron, U.S. Congressman
*Henry James Byron, dramatist 
*John Byron, 1st Baron Byron,  century Royalist
*John Byron,  century British explorer and admiral
*Kari Byron, member of the *MythBusters* crew
*Katharine Byron, U.S. Congresswoman
*Robert Byron,  century British travel writer
*Tom Byron, an American pornographic actor and director
*William D. Byron, U.S. Congressman

### Given name
*Byron Black, Zimbabwean tennis player
*Byron Cage, an American gospel singer
*Byron Dafoe, National Hockey League goaltender
*Byron Dorgan, U.S. Senator
*Byron Haskin, U.S. film director
*Byron Katie, American self-help author and founder of "The Work"
*Byron Leftwich, NFL quarterback
*Byron Nelson, PGA Tour golfer, nicknamed 'Lord Byron'
*Byron White, U.S. Supreme court associate justice
*Byron Scott, NBA coach and former player

### Fictional characters
*Byron Basset, the sleeping puppy from *Tiny Toon Adventures*
*Byron (Babylon 5), a character from the television series *Babylon 5*
*Byron Henry, a character in Herman Wouk's novels *The Winds of War* and *War and Remembrance*
*Byron, a Gym Leader in the *Pokemon Diamond* and *Pokemon Pearl* video games

## Places
;United States
*Byron, California
*Byron, Georgia
*Byron, Illinois
*Byron Township, Ogle County, Illinois
*Byron, Maine
*Byron, Michigan
*Byron Township, Michigan
*Byron, Minnesota
*Byron Township, Cass County, Minnesota
*Byron Township, Waseca County, Minnesota
*Byron, New York
*Byron, Ohio
*Byron, Oklahoma
*Byron, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
*Byron, Monroe County, Wisconsin
*Byron, Wyoming
*Byron Center, Michigan
*Byron Nuclear Generating Station in Illinois
;Australia
*Byron Bay, New South Wales, a coastal town
;Canada
*Byron, Ontario, a suburb of London
;Outer space
*Asteroid 3306 Byron
Bernau bei Berlin

**Bernau bei Berlin** (English *Bernau near Berlin*) is a German city in the Barnim district. The city is located about  northeast of Berlin.

In 1842 a railway line was opened. One of the first electrical suburban railway lines in the world has been opened in 1924. This line of the Berlin S-Bahn connected Bernau with station Stettiner Bahnhof (today Berlin Nordbahnhof) in Berlin. The Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (ADGB) (*General German Confederation of Trade Unions*) opened its school in 1930. The Waldsiedlung (engl. residential area in the wood) is a district of the city where the political leaders of the GDR lived isolated from the people.

## Twinned cities 
*  - Champigny-sur-Marne
* ,  - Meckhenheim
*  - Skwierzyna

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website of the city (German)
Ronald Sinclair

**Ronald Sinclair** (January 21, 1924 - November 22, 1992), born **Richard Arthur Hould** and sometimes called **Ra Hould** or **Ron Sinclair**, was a child actor from New Zealand, who became a movie editor.

## Career
Sinclair was a child actor turned movie editor who was still considered a star in his home country of New Zealand, long after his Hollywood career ended. He appeared in movies like *The Light That Failed*, *Tower of London*, *That Hamilton Woman* and *Desperate Journey*. He also appeared in a series of children's adventure movies featuring the *Five Little Peppers*.

From 1955 on, Sinclair worked together with director Roger Corman. Together they edited movies like *Swamp Women*, *Day the World Ended*, *The Intruder*, *The Raven* and *The Trip*.

## Other websites
*
Affoltern im Emmental

**Affoltern im Emmental** is a municipality of the administrative district Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Official website
Albligen

**Albligen** () was a municipality of the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, the former municipalities of Albligen and Wahlern merged into the new municipality of Schwarzenburg.
Alchenstorf

**Alchenstorf** is a municipality of the administrative district  Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
American robin

The **American robin** (*Turdus migratorius*) is a migratory songbird. Also known as the North American robin, it belongs in the thrush family, *Turdidae*. It was named after the European robin. This is because the European robin has a bright orange-red face and breast. The two species are not closely related. The American robin has seven subspecies. *T. m. confinis* is the most different subspecies.

## Etymology
This species was first described in 1766 by Linnaeus. It was described in the twelfth edition of his *Systema naturae*. He called it *Turdus migratorius*. It is dark gray-brown on its head, back, wings, and tail. It has an orange-red breast. There is a white patch on the underside of the belly, near the tail. This can be seen when it is flying. American robins that live in western North America are very pale (pale means light in color). American robins that live in eastern Canada are very bright. A young American robin (called a juvenile) is also lighter than the male. It has dark spots on its breast. It has also been a vagrant to Greenland, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Belize. It is one of the first birds to sing at dawn. Its song is made up of several small groups of sounds that are repeated.

### Nest
The female chooses where to make the nest. She will usually make the nest on one or many branches that are hidden in leaves. In the west, the female will make the nest on the ground or in thickets. In Alaska, the female will make the nest on a cliff. The young live in the nest for about 13 days.

## In culture
The American robin is the state bird of Connecticut, Michigan, and Wisconsin. It was also shown on a 1986 Canadian $2 note, but it is no longer on the bill.

There is color named after the American robin's eggs. It is called ''robin's egg blue*.

The robin is considered a symbol of spring. A good example is a poem by Emily Dickinson. It is called *I Dreaded That First Robin So*. There are other poems about the first robin of spring. One of them is *The First Robin'' by Dr. William H. Drummond. According to the author's wife, it is based on a Quebec false belief. The belief says that whoever sees the first robin of spring will have good luck.

## References
New-age music

**New-age music** is a type of music which is often related to New Age belief. It is usually soft and instrumental; it means, only few New Age music pieces have a singer. New Age music is good for resting, thinking and meditation.

One of the first people in this genre was Stephen Halpern. He created music to be used for meditation. He could not find a record company for his works, so he published them himself and sold them in New Age stores. His music is very relaxing and has a slow rhythm.

Some of the famous artists who work in this field are Yanni, Kitarō, Jean Ven Robert Hal, Loreena McKennitt, Vangelis, Enya and George Winston.

## References
Write Once Read Many

**Write Once Read Many (times)** or **WORM** is a classification of computer storage media. It is used to describe media that can only be written once. After they are written, they can only be read.

There are two different kinds of such media:
*In some, the hardware prevents multiple writes, examples of such media are the CD-R and DVD-R discs. There is also some kind of computer memory (called PROM) which can only be written once. 
*Certain kind of media use a software solution to emulate this behaviour. Examples are  certain kinds of backup tapes and harddisks that can also have this property.
Charles-Marie Widor

**Charles-Marie Widor** (born Lyon, 21 February, 1844; died Paris, 12 March, 1937) was a French organist and composer. He was one of the greatest organists of his time and he had many pupils who learned a lot from him and became famous. Widor is best known for his organ works which he called “symphonies”. The *Toccata* from his *Symphony no 5* is one of the best known of all organ pieces, often played at the end of wedding ceremonies.
Paul Hindemith

**Paul Hindemith** (pronounce: powl HIN-deh-mitt; 16 November 1895 in Hanau - 28 December 1963 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German composer, violist, teacher, music theorist and conductor. He was one of the most important and influential German composers during the years between the two World Wars. His style was at first influenced by Schoenberg and Expressionism, but gradually it became more neo-classical, and he turned against Schoenberg's whole approach. He was also famous as a viola player and composed a concerto for viola and orchestra.

## References
Jehan Alain

**Jehan Alain** (born Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, 3 February 1911; died near Saumur, 20 June 1940) was a French organist and composer. He learned to play the organ at home on an organ that his father had built. In his short life he composed many works. His most famous organ pieces are *Trois Danses* (Three Dances) and a brilliant piece called *Litanies*.

Alain was killed fighting in World War II.

His youngest sister, Marie-Claire Alain, is an internationally-famous organist and has made several complete recordings of her brother's organ works.
Keynes (disambiguation)

**Keynes** could mean:

## People with the surname Keynes
* John Keynes (Jesuit) (1624–1697), Jesuit and religious controversialist
* John Maynard Keynes, English economist
* John Neville Keynes, a British economist and father of John Maynard Keynes.
* Dr William Milo Keynes, English doctor and author
* Quentin Keynes, traveller and bibliophile
* Randal Keynes, English author
* Richard Keynes (actor) (born 1979), British actor
* Richard Darwin Keynes (born 1919), English physiologist
* Simon Keynes, Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon, University of Cambridge
* Skandar Keynes (born 1991), British actor
* Soumaya Keynes is a British actress

## Places in England containing the name Keynes
*Ashton Keynes, a village in Wiltshire
*Coombe Keynes, a hamlet in Dorset
*Horsted Keynes, a village in West Sussex
*Milton Keynes, a city in Buckinghamshire
*Somerford Keynes, a village in Gloucestershire

## Other
*Keynes College, Kent, a college of the University of Kent, named after John Maynard Keynes
Henri Matisse

**Henri Matisse** (Le Cateau-Cambrésis, Nord, 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist known for his use of color and his original ideas.

He is mainly known as a painter, but he was also a draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. Matisse was one of the main artists who helped to create modern art early in the 20th century.

:"Matisse created brilliantly colored canvases structured by color applied in a variety of brushwork, ranging from thick impasto [thick paint] to flat areas of pure pigment, sometimes accompanied by a sinuous, arabesque-like line. [This was] the first of the avant-garde movements (1905–7), named "Fauvism" by a contemporary art critic, referring to its use of arbitrary combinations of bright colors and energetic brushwork to structure the composition".
His mastery of the expressive language of form and color, in work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art.

Matisse died of a heart attack in Nice, Alpes-Maritimes.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Matisse in Artchive Artchive
Moulin Rouge

: La Goulue arriving at the Moulin Rouge (1892)]]

**Moulin Rouge** (*Red Windmill*) is a traditional cabaret and nightclub which began in 1889. It is on Boulevard de Clichy in the 18th *arrondissement* (district of the city). This is near the French quarter of Montmartre in the red-light district of Paris called Pigalle. The theatre can be recognized by the large red windmill on its roof. 

The Moulin Rouge puts on cabaret shows every day. It is where the famous French dance, the Can-can, was first performed. It is also famous because many artists and writers have often gone there. Henri Toulouse-Lautrec designed many posters for the cabaret. Because of this, the management always set aside a table where he could have a meal and watch the show.

The ingredients for its success are said to be: 
* A revolutionary architecture for the auditorium that allowed rapid changes of décor and where everyone could mix;
* Festive champagne evenings where people danced and were entertained thanks to amusing acts that changed regularly, such as the Pétomane;
* A new dance inspired by the quadrille which becomes more and more popular: the Can-can, danced to a fast-moving rhythm by dancers in titillating costumes;
* Famous dancers whom history still remembers: La Goulue, Jane Avril, la Môme Fromage, Grille d'Egout, Nini Pattes en l'Air, Yvette Guilbert ;
* A place loved by artists, of whom the most iconic was Toulouse-Lautrec. His posters and paintings secured rapid and international fame for the Moulin Rouge.

Several movies have been made about the Moulin Rouge. The latest is *Moulin Rouge!* directed by Baz Luhrmann. Jean Renoir made another film about the Moulin Rouge.

Until 2023, the shows sometimes featured Burmese pythons. Until 2021, ponies could be seen on stage.  There are 850 seats. In the year 2000, about 420.000 people visited the shows.  In 2023, the Moulin Rouge had a profit of about 82 million euros, with about 550.000 spectators, and employed 450 people. The Moulin Rouge has a large cave, used for Champagne  and other wines. When there is a show, up to 800 bottles of Champagne are consumed, or about 240.000 a year. This makes it the biggest single consumer of Champagne in the world.

## Related pages 
* Henri Toulouse-Lautrec 
* Paris 
* Bohemianism

## References 
## Other websites 
* Moulin Rouge Paris - Official Website
Abu Nuwas

**Abū Nuwās al-Ḥasan ibn Hānī al-Ḥakamī** (variant: '''Al-Ḥasan ibn Hānī 'Abd al-Awal al-Ṣabāḥ, Abū 'Alī** (), known as **Abū Nuwās al-Salamī** () or just **Abū Nuwās'* ( *Abū Novās*); 756814) was a classical Arabic poet. He was born in Persia. He is in *The Book of One Thousand and One Nights''.

## References
Montmartre

]]
**Montmartre** is a hill 130 metres high and is also the name of the district which surrounds the hill. It is in north Paris and famous for its nightlife.

Many artists had studios or worked around the community of Montmartre such as Salvador Dalí, Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh.

## Name origin
Montmartre means 'mountain of the martyr.' The name comes from the martyrdom of Saint Denis, who was decapitated on the hill around 250 AD. Saint Denis was the Bishop of Paris and is the patron saint of France.

The hill's religious symbolism is thought to be even older. It may have been a druidic holy place because it is the highest point in the area. 

## Related pages
* Bohemianism

## References
Arnaut Danièl

**Arnaut Daniel de Riberac** (today *Arnaut Danièl*) wrote and performed music and poetry in the 12th century. He was Occitan.

## References
* Eusebi, Mario (1995). ''L'aur'amara*. Parma: Pratiche Editrice. .
* Pound, Ezra (1910). *The Spirit of Romance''. New Direction Books (1968 reprinting).
Cabaret

**Cabaret** is a form of entertainment having comedy, song, dance, and theatre. Cabarets are mostly performed in a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting at tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance. The venue itself can also be called a "cabaret". Sometimes it is called a "Reviue".  

The term is a French word for the taprooms or cafés where this form of entertainment was born, as a more artistic form of café-chantant. It comes from Middle Dutch *cabret*, through Old North French *camberette*, from Late Latin *camera*. It essentially means "small room."

Cabaret also refers to a Mediterranean-style brothel – a bar with tables and women who talk, arouse, and entertain the clients. Traditionally these can also have some form of stage entertainment: often singers & dancers – the bawdiness of which varies with the quality of the place. It is the classier, more sophisticated cabaret that eventually engendered the form of place and art form that is the subject of the remainder of this article.
Disney Studios Australia

**Disney Studios Australia** is a major movie studio in Sydney, Australia. Since opening in May 1998, the studio has been involved in the production of a number of successful movies, including *Mad Max: Fury Road* (2015), *The Matrix*, *Moulin Rouge!*, *Star Wars Episode II*, *Star Wars Episode III* and *Superman Returns*.

## Other websites
* Fox Studios Australia
* The Entertainment Quarter
## Reference
AFI's 100 Years of Musicals

Part of the AFI 100 Years... series, '''''AFI's 100 Years of Musicals'''* is a list of the top American musical movies. The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute at the Hollywood Bowl on September 3, 2006. Unlike most of the previous lists, it only includes 25 winners and was not presented in a televised program.

# *Singin' in the Rain* (1952)
# *West Side Story* (1961)
# *The Wizard of Oz* (1939)
# *The Sound of Music* (1965)
# *Cabaret* (1972)
# *Mary Poppins* (1964)
# *A Star Is Born* (1954)
# *My Fair Lady* (1964)
# *An American in Paris* (1951)
# *Meet Me in St. Louis* (1944)
# *The King and I* (1956)
# *Chicago* (2002)
# *42nd Street* (1933)
# *All That Jazz* (1979)
# *Top Hat* (1935)
# *Funny Girl* (1968)
# *The Band Wagon* (1953)
# *Yankee Doodle Dandy* (1942)
# *On the Town* (1949)
# *Grease* (1978)
# *Seven Brides for Seven Brothers* (1954)
# *Beauty and the Beast* (1991)
# *Guys and Dolls* (1955)
# *Show Boat* (1936)
# *Moulin Rouge!'' (2001)

## Other websites 
*American Film Institute
Thomas Aquinas

**St. Thomas Aquinas**, (1225 – 7 March 1274) was a Catholic Dominican priest from Italy, saint and philosopher. He was born in Roccasecca, as the son of Count Andulf of Aquino and Countess Theodora of Teano.

His early education was at the Benedictine monastery at Montecassino. He attended the University of Naples, where he got the nickname "dumb ox" for his slow demeanor, though he was an intelligent and talented student. He studied philosophy, Catholic theology, church history, liturgy, and canon law. 

Thomas de Aquinas is an essential character of Western philosophy and Christianity. We have access to his academic work, teachings, and writings approaching abstract thinking. 

Thomas de Aquinas began his journey with the monastery (religious life) at five years old. Coming from a wealthy and influential family, Thomas de Aquinas was destined by his family to become the Abbot of Montecassino. He didn't want to follow the path his family had paved for him and decided to become a monk with the Dominicans. They were monks who lived by eliminating all material wealth. For his family, being a monk of the Dominicans was a dishonor. His family kidnapped him and kept him prisoner in the their castle for over a year in an attempt to change his mind. This was until he escaped and became a friar with the new Dominican Order against the wishes of his family. 

He was sent to Paris by the Dominicans to study theology and philosophy. He became one of the 33 Doctors of the Church and is known for his work with Natural Law.  Aquinas took an optimistic view of human nature, believing that it is human nature to do good and not evil.

He was the author of the cosmological argument. Catholics think Aquinas is the best teacher for one who wants to become a priest. His most famous book being *Summa Theologica.* Many schools are named after him including the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines.

## References
Donald McAlpine

**Donald McAlpine** is an Australian cinematographer. He was born in 1934 in New South Wales, Australia. He has been involved in over fifty movies. His more recent work has been seen in Baz Luhrmann's hit musical *Moulin Rouge!* (2001), for which he earned an *Academy Award* , Adam Sandler's *Anger Management* (2003), Universal Pictures' *Peter Pan* (2003) and the Walt Disney/Walden Media-produced *The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe* (2005).

## Other websites 
*
Herbert Howells

**Herbert Howells** CBE, CH, was an English composer, organist, and teacher. He was born in Lydney, Gloucestershire on 17 October 1892 to Oliver and Elizabeth Howells. He died in London on 23 February 1983. He wrote a lot of church music for the Anglican Church, including several Service settings of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis. He taught for many years at the Royal College of Music.

One of his best known works is the *Hymnus Paradisi*, a large, sacred work for choir. His organ works include 2 sets of 3 *Psalm-Preludes* and a piece called *Master Tallis’s Testament*.
Craig Pearce

**Craig Pearce** is an Australian actor and screenwriter. He co-wrote the play *Strictly Ballroom* and the screenplay of the movie version with Baz Luhrmann. He also wrote the screenplay for the 1996 movie *Romeo + Juliet* and co-wrote the 2001 movie *Moulin Rouge!*, also with Baz Luhrmann.

## Other websites 
*
Jill Bilcock

**Jillian (Jill) Bilcock** (born 1948 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) is a movie editor. She is a graduate of the Swinbourne College of Technology. Bilcock won the 2002 Eddie Award (best edited comedy or musical movie) for *Moulin Rouge!*. She also was  for the Academy Award for movie Editing for that movie. Bilcock has been nominated four times for the BAFTA Award for Best Editing . Three of these nominations were for the first three movies directed by Baz Luhrmann (*Moulin Rouge!* - 2002, *Romeo + Juliet* - 1996, and *Strictly Ballroom* - 1992). The fourth BAFTA nomination was for *Elizabeth* (1998).

## References
## Other websites 
*