open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
2015 Chicago mayoral election

An election happened on February 24, 2015 to elect the Mayor of Chicago. The election was non-partisan and no candidate got a majority.

A runoff election happened between the top two finishers (both Democrats) on April 7, 2015, and Rahm Emanuel won the election and stayed as mayor.

Emanuel was in the election, wanting to win a second term. In the first round, Emanuel got 46% of the vote and Democratic Cook County Commissioner Chuy García received 34%. In the runoff, Emanuel got 55.7% of the vote, winning the election. Garcia got 44.3% of the vote.

The runoff was very rare in the history of Chicago's mayoral races.

## Candidates
* Rahm Emanuel, incumbent mayor
* Robert Fioretti, Chicago City Alderman
* Chuy García, Cook County Commissioner and former State Senator
* Willie Wilson, medical supply company executive

## References
Death of Gloria Ramirez

**Gloria Ramirez** (January 11, 1963 – February 19, 1994) was an American woman dubbed "the Toxic Lady" by the media when several hospital workers became ill after exposure to her body and blood. She was from Riverside, California.

Ramirez had been admitted to the ER while suffering from late-stage cervical cancer. While treating Ramirez, several hospital workers fainted and others experienced symptoms such as shortness of breath and muscle spasms.

Five workers required hospitalization, one of whom remained in intensive care unit for two weeks. 

Shortly after arriving at the hospital, Ramirez died from complications related to cancer because of malignancy. This incident was at first was thought to be a case of mass hysteria. 

The medical staff injected her with diazepam, midazolam, and lorazepam to sedate her. When it became clear that Ramirez was responding poorly to treatment, the staff tried to defibrillate her heart. Many people saw an oily substance covering Ramirez's body. Others noted a fruity, garlic-like odor that they thought was coming from her mouth.

An investigation by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory said that Ramirez had been self-injecting dimethyl sulfoxide as a treatment for pain, which converted into dimethyl sulfate, an extremely poisonous agent via a series of chemical reactions in the emergency department. Although the medical sector of Riverside supports this claim, scientists still believe it is not the case.

After several investigations, the most likely cause is that she covered herself in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) to relieve the pain caused by her cancer.

Two months after Ramirez died, her badly decomposed body was released for an independent autopsy and burial. On April 20, 1994, ten weeks after her death, Ramirez was buried at Olivewood Memorial Park in Riverside.

## References
2011 Chicago mayoral election

The city of Chicago, Illinois held a non-partisan mayoral election on Tuesday, February 22, 2011. Mayor Richard M. Daley, a member of the Democratic Party who had been in office since 1989, did not seek a seventh term as mayor.

Candidates needed to collect 12,500 petition signatures by November 22, 2010 to qualify for a place on the ballot. April 5, 2011 was scheduled to be a runoff election date if no candidate received a majority.

Rahm Emanuel won the race for mayor with more than 55% of the vote. He was inaugurated on May 16, 2011.

Six candidates appeared on the February 22 ballot:
*Gery Chico, former chief of staff to mayor Richard M. Daley and former chairman of the City Colleges of Chicago
*Miguel del Valle, City Clerk of Chicago and former Illinois State Senator
*Rahm Emanuel, former White House Chief of Staff and former U.S. Representative from Illinois's 5th district
*Carol Moseley Braun, former U.S. Senator from Illinois and former United States Ambassador to New Zealand
*Patricia Van Pelt Watkins, non-profit administrator and activist
*William "Dock" Walls, community activist, businessman, former aide to Mayor Harold Washington and perennial candidate

File:Gery Chico at DuSable debate.jpg|ChairmanGery Chico
File:MDV (5720370122).jpg|City ClerkMiguel del Valle
File:Rahm Emanuel, official photo portrait color.jpg|Former Chief of StaffRahm Emanuel
File:Carol Moseley Braun NZ (1).jpg|Former U.S. SenatorCarol Moseley Braun
File:Patricia_Van_Pelt_(1).png|ActivistPatricia Van Pelt Watkins
File:Black - replace this image male.svg|BusinessmanWilliam Walls

## References
Denton, Texas

**Denton** is a city in and the county seat of Denton County, Texas, United States. According to 2020 United States Census, there were 139,869 people living there. It is the 20th most populous city in Texas and the 177th city in the United States with the most people. 

## References
Old Alton Bridge

**Old Alton Bridge**, also known as '''Goatman's Bridge''', is a historic iron through-truss bridge connecting the Texas cities of Denton and Copper Canyon. It was built in 1884.

It originally carried horses and later automobiles over Hickory Creek at a location that once was a popular ford for crossing cattle. The bridge takes its name from the abandoned community of Alton, which between 1850-1856 was the seat of Denton County.

Locally, the bridge is known as "Goatman's Bridge", due to a legendary demonic folk legend of the same name, who is popularly believed to live in the forest surrounding the area. 

## Gallery

File:Goatman's Bridge - Old Alton Bridge from a Drone.jpg
File:Old Alton Bridge in Denton, Texas 4.jpg
File:Old Alton Bridge in Denton, Texas 3.jpg
File:Old Alton Bridge in Denton, Texas 2.jpg
File:Altonbridge1.JPG
File:Altonbridge2.JPG
File:Altonbridge3.JPG

## References
Burt Shotton

**Burton Edwin Shotton** (October 18, 1884 – July 29, 1962) was an American player, manager, coach and scout in Major League Baseball. Shotton manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers (1947; 1948–50). He won two National League pennants and was Jackie Robinson's first permanent Major League manager.

## Other websites
* Baseball-Reference.com – career managing record and playing statistics
Down to You (song)

**"Down to You"** is a song written by Joni Mitchell. It was first released on her 1974 album *Court and Spark*.  It won the Grammy Award for Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s).
Big Yellow Taxi

"**Big Yellow Taxi**" is a song written, composed, and originally recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell in 1970. It was originally released on her album *Ladies of the Canyon.* It was a hit in her native Canada (No. 14) as well as Australia (No. 6) and the United Kingdom (No. 11). It only reached No. 67 in the United States in 1970, but was later a bigger hit there for her in a live version released in 1974, which peaked at No. 24. 

## References
Willie Wilson (businessman)

**Willie L. Wilson** (born June 16, 1948) is an American businessman and politician. He has owned and operated many different McDonald's restaurant franchises and owns Omar Medical Supplies. He worked and lives in Chicago.

He also produces the nationally syndicated gospel music television program *Singsation*, which won a Chicago/Midwest Emmy Award in 2012.

Wilson ran for Mayor of Chicago in the 2015 election, in the 2019 election and in the 2023 election. Wilson announced on June 1, 2015, that he would run as a candidate for President of the United States in the 2016 election. He ran as a Democrat.

## References
All I Ever Wanted

**All I Ever Wanted** can mean different things.
* "All I Ever Wanted" (Brian Melo song), a 2007 song
* "All I Ever Wanted"  (Basshunter song), a song by Basshunter (2008)
* *All I Ever Wanted* (album), an album by Kelly Clarkson (2009)
Merzkirchen

**Merzkirchen** is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## References
Testimony

In law and in religion, **testimony** is a formal statement that something is true. The words "testimony" and "testify" both come from the Latin word *testis*, which refers to a third-party witness.

## Law
In the law, testimony is a kind of evidence. It comes from a witness who says that something is true. Testimony may be spoken or written. It is usually made by oath or affirmation under penalty of perjury (which is a crime that somebody can be charged with if they give testimony that is not true).

## Religion
Some Christians use the term "to testify" or "to give one's testimony" to mean "to tell the story of how one became a Christian".

## References
Henry Miller

**Henry Miller** (26 December 1891 – 7 June 1980) was an American writer known for his novels. Many of his novels were partly autobiographical and used a stream of consciousness style. 

His most famous works are *Tropic of Cancer*, *Black Spring*, *Tropic of Capricorn* and *The Rosy Crucifixion*. They are based on his experiences in New York and Paris. They were all banned in the United States until the 1960s because they contained explicit descriptions of sex and obscene language. He also wrote travel memoirs and literary criticism and painted watercolors. In 1924, he left Beatrice and their child to marry the taxi dancer June Edith Smith. A taxi dancer was a woman who was paid to dance with men in dance halls. He gave up his job at the telegraph company to work full-time as a writer. Miller and June lived in Greenwich Village. They went to Paris in 1928 and stayed for a few months. He separated from June and went back to New York by himself in 1929. She later divorced him in 1934. 

In 1930, he went back to Paris alone. He found a job as a proofreader for the *New York Herald Tribune* Paris edition. A proofreader is a kind of copy editor who checks the first printing of a text for errors. He also worked on his novels. 

His first important novel, *Tropic of Cancer*, was published in Paris by the Obelisk Press in 1934. *Black Spring* was published in 1936 and *Tropic of Capricorn* in 1939. He became a close friend of the writer Anaïs Nin. She helped him get *Tropic of Cancer* published and wrote the preface to it. Miller stayed in Paris until June 1939.

## References
## Other websites
*Henry Miller: Personal Collection  The website of Henry Miller's daughter Valentine. It has a biography of Miller with photographs of his childhood and a gallery of his watercolor paintings and other art works,
Kolbingen

**Kolbingen** is a municipality in Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is about  northeast of Tuttlingen and  from Mühlheim an der Donau.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Bitsch

**Bitsch** can mean:
* Bitche (), a town and commune of the Moselle *département*, France
* Bitsch, a municipality in the canton of Valais, Switzerland
* Bytča (, ), a town in Slovakia
Bytča

**Bytča** () is a town in northwestern Slovakia. It is on the Váh river near the cities of Žilina and Považská Bystrica. It is part of the Upper Váh region of tourism.

The town was first mentioned in 1234 as *terra Bycha*.

## Population 
### Ethnic composition 
### Religion 
## Twin towns – Sister cities 
Bytča is twinned with:
*  Karolinka, Czech Republic
*  Opoczno, Poland

## Other websites 
* Official municipal website
Hwang Kyo-ahn

**Hwang Kyo-ahn**  (, Hanja: 黃敎安, RR: **Hwang Gyo-an**; born 15 April 1957) is a South Korean politician and lawyer. He was the 44th Prime Minister of South Korea from 18 June 2015 to 11 May 2017. He was the Justice Minister. 

Hwang was the Acting President of South Korea after the impeachment and removal of President Park Geun-hye on 10 March 2017, until the election of Moon Jae-in on 9 May 2017.

Hwang is an Independent candidate for President of South Korea in the 2025 snap presidential election.

## References
Rüti

**Rüti** can refer to:
* Rüti, Glarus
* Rüti, Zürich
* Rüti bei Büren in Berne
* Rüti bei Lyssach in Berne
* Rüti bei Riggisberg in Berne

The names of the following places have the same origin:
* the municipality Rüte in Appenzell Innerrhoden
* the municipality Rüthi in St. Gallen
* the municipality Rüttenen in Solothurn
Kim Suk-soo

**Kim Suk-soo** (born November 20, 1932) is a South Korean politician.

He was a justice of the Supreme Court and chairman of the National Election Commission. Kim became the acting Prime Minister of South Korea from 2002 to 2003, during Kim Dae-Jung’s presidency. 

## References
Ingelfingen

**Ingelfingen** is a town in the Hohenlohe district, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the river Kocher,  northwest of Künzelsau, and  northeast of Heilbronn.

## Twin town 
Ingelfingen is twinned with:
*  Saint-Héand, France, since 1991

## References
List of British Rail power classifications

The British Transport Commission, later British Railways, used engine power output to categorise its new main line diesel locomotive fleet following the 1955 modernisation plan. These categories were from Type 1 to Type 5 and are listed below. 

## Type 1
Up to 1,000&nbsp;bhp
*Class 14
*Class 15
*Class 16
*Class 17
*Class 20

## Type 2
From 1,001&nbsp;bhp to 1,499&nbsp;bhp
*Class 21
*Class 22
*Class 23
*Class 24
*Class 25
*Class 26
*Class 27
*Class 28
*Class 29
*Class 30/31

## Type 3
From 1,500&nbsp;bhp to 1,999&nbsp;bhp
*Class 33
*Class 35
*Class 37

## Type 4
From 2,000&nbsp;bhp to 2,999&nbsp;bhp
*Class 40
*Class 41
*Class 42
*Class 43
*Class 44
*Class 45
*Class 46
*Class 47
*Class 48
*Class 50
*Class 52
*Class 53
*Class 57

## Type 5
From 3,000&nbsp;bhp
*Class 55
*Class 56
*Class 58
*Class 59
*Class 60
*Class 66
*Class 67
*Class 68
*Class 70

## References
*List of types
Gland (disambiguation)

A **gland** is an organ in an animal's body that makes a substance for release.

**Gland** may also refer to:
* Gland, Aisne, a commune in the Aisne department, in France
* Gland, Yonne, a commune in the Yonne department, in France
* Gland (city), a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland
Yıldırım Akbulut

**Yıldırım Akbulut** (; 2 September 1935 – 14 April 2021) was a Turkish politician. He was a leader of the Anavatan Partisi (Motherland Party). He was the Prime Minister of Turkey and twice the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

On May 20, 1999, Yıldırım Akbulut was elected for the second time Speaker of the Grand National Assembly that lasted until September 30, 2000.

Akbulut died on 14 April 2021 in Ankara, aged 85.

## References
* Akbulut, Yildirim International Who's Who. accessed September 1, 2006.
Angola (disambiguation)

**Angola** is a country in southern Africa.

Angola may also refer to:
* Angola, Indiana, a city in the state of Indiana
* Angola, New York, a village in the state of New York near Buffalo
Cevdet Sunay

**Cevdet Sunay** (; 10 February 1899 &ndash; 22 May 1982) was a Turkish army officer and politician. He was the fifth President of Turkey.

Cevdet Sunay died on 22 May 1982 in Istanbul. His body was moved in August 1988 to a permanent burial place in the newly built Turkish State Cemetery in Ankara.

## Honours 
*  Empire of Iran : Commemorative Medal of the 2500th Anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire (14/10/1971).

## References
## Other websites
*Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Turkey
*Presidency of Turkey
Aubonne (disambiguation)

**Aubonne** may refer to several places:
* Aubonne, Doubs, a commune in Doubs, France
* Aubonne, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland
* Aubonne (river), a river in Switzerland
* Aubonne (district), a former district of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland
Fahri Korutürk

**Fahri Sabit Korutürk** (3 August 1903 – 12 October 1987) was a Turkish navy officer and politician. He was the sixth President of Turkey, from 1973 to 1980.

After his retirement in 1960 from the post of Commander of the Turkish Navy, Korutürk was appointed by the Head of State Cemal Gürsel as Turkish ambassador to the Soviet Union (1960-1964) and later to Spain (1964-1965).

In 1968, President Cevdet Sunay appointed him member of the senate. On 6 April 1973, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey elected him the 6th President of the Republic of Turkey.

## Notes
Aubonne

**Aubonne** is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The former municipality of Pizy merged on 1 July 2011, into the municipality of Aubonne. On 1 January 2021, Montherod became a part of Aubonne.

On 5 December 2017, Michael I of Romania died in his home in Aubonne.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
*
Boudry

**Boudry** is a city in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. It is the capital of the district of Boudry.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Boudry (disambiguation)

**Boudry** can mean:
* Boudry, a municipality in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
* Boudry (district), a district in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
* Boudry Department, a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso
Esslingen

**Esslingen** can mean:
* Esslingen (district), a district (*Landkreis*) of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany
* Esslingen am Neckar, capital city of the district of Esslingen
* Esslingen, Switzerland, a village in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland
* Eßlingen, a municipality in western Germany
Esslingen am Neckar

**Esslingen am Neckar** (Swabian: *Esslenga am Negger* or *Neckor* [ˈeslẽŋə]) is a city in southern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. It is on the river Neckar, about  southeast of Stuttgart city center.

Esslingen was a free imperial city for several centuries until it was annexed by Württemberg in 1802.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Aubonne (river)

**Aubonne** is a river in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The river flows into Lake Geneva near Aubonne. It is about 12&nbsp;km long.
Darjeeling

**Darjeeling** is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is in the Lesser Himalayas at an elevation of . It is famous for its tea industry. It is also known for its views of the Kangchenjunga, the world's third-highest mountain, and the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Darjeeling is the headquarters of the Darjeeling District in West Bengal. It is a popular tourist destination in India.

## References
Hamilton, Massachusetts

**Hamilton** is a rural-suburban town in the eastern central portion of Essex County in eastern Massachusetts, United States.  At the 2020 census, it had a population of 7,561.

## References
Bo Burnham

**Robert Pickering Burnham** (born August 21, 1990) is an American stand-up comedian, musician, actor, singer, rapper, director, YouTuber and poet.

Burnham signed a four-year record deal with Comedy Central Records and released his debut EP, *Bo Fo Sho*, in 2008. His first full-length album, *Bo Burnham*, was released the following year.

Burnham co-created and starred in the MTV television series *Zach Stone Is Gonna Be Famous* and released his first book of poetry, ''Egghead: Or, You Can't Survive on Ideas Alone*, in 2013. His first feature movie as writer and director, *Eighth Grade'', was released in July 2018 to strong positive reviews.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
* Bo Burnham  at Comedy Central
*
Pedesina

**Pedesina** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy. It is the least populated municipality in Italy.

Pedesina is about  northeast of Milan and about  southwest of Sondrio. As of 31 December 2008, it had a population of 33, and an area of .

Pedesina borders the following municipalities: Bema, Gerola Alta, Premana, Rasura, Rogolo.

## References
Bryant Gumbel

**Bryant Charles Gumbel** (born September 29, 1948) is an American television journalist and sportscaster. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known for his 15 years as co-host of NBC's *Today*. He is the younger brother of sportscaster Greg Gumbel. 

Since 1995, he has hosted HBO's *Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel*. It has been rated as "flat out TV's best sports program" by the *Los Angeles Times*. It won a Peabody Award in 2012.

## References
## Other websites
* "Is Bryant Gumbel a Racist?" – Howard Bloom's Sports Business News.com SBN's look at Bryant Gumbel
* -the tiger woods of TV
Huey P. Newton

**Huey Percy Newton** (February 17, 1942 &ndash; August 22, 1989) was an African-American communist political activist. Along with Bobby Seale, he co-founded the Black Panther Party in 1966.

In 1989, he was shot and killed during a drug deal in Oakland, California, aged 47.
Huey Newton had one biological child Rico Cortez Dukes According to Alameda Oakland California Vital Court Records.

## References
Art Linkletter

**Arthur Gordon Linkletter** (born **Arthur Gordon Kelly**, or **Gordon Arthur Kelley**, July 17, 1912 – May 26, 2010) was a Canadian-born American radio and television personality. He was born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Linkletter was the host of *House Party* and *People Are Funny*, on NBC radio and TV for 19 years. He became a naturalized United States citizen in 1942.

Linkletter died on May 26, 2010 in Los Angeles, California from stroke-complications at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
*"Art Linkletter, dies age 97"
*
*Disney Legends profile
*Retro Galaxy: *Kids Say the Darndest Things!* 
*Interview with Art Linkletter
Bobby Hutton

**Robert James Hutton**, or "Lil' Bobby" (April 21, 1950 – April 6, 1968) was an American political activist. He was born in Jefferson County, Arkansas. He was the treasurer and first recruit to join the Black Panther Party.

On the night of April 6, 1968, Hutton was killed by police officers after Hutton co-led an ambush on the Oakland police department. He was 17 years old.

## References
Elbert Howard

**Elbert Howard** (January 5, 1938 – July 23, 2018), better known as **Big Man**, was an American civil rights activist and author. He was one of the founding members of the Black Panther Party.

After leaving the party in 1974, Howard returned to Tennessee. In Memphis, he  served on the boards of directors of several African American progressive educational institutions.

Howard died on July 23, 2018 in Santa Rosa, California, aged 80.

## References
Oksana Shachko

**Oksana Shachko** (; 31 January 1987 – 23 July 2018) was a Ukrainian artist and activist. She was known as the co-founder of  FEMEN in April 2008, along with Anna Hutsol and Alexandra Shevchenko. Shachko was born in Khmelnytskyi but moved to Kyiv. She worked in women's rights and civil rights in Ukraine and around the world.

Shachko co-operated with French writer Galia Ackerman who produced a history of 'FEMEN' which was published by Calmann-Lévy in 2013.

Shachko killed herself in her apartment in Paris, France on 23 July 2018. She was 31.

## References
Norma Aleandro

**Norma Aleandro Robledo** (born May 2, 1936) is an Argentine actress, screenwriter, theatre director and author. She is thought to be as one of the best Argentine actresses and is called a cultural icon. 

Aleandro starred in the Oscar-winning 1985 movie, *The Official Story*. She starred in *The Truce* (1974), *Cousins* (1989), *Autumn Sun* (1996), *The Lighthouse* (1998), *Son of the Bride* (2001) and *Cama Adentro* (2005). 

For her role as Florencia Sánchez Morales in the 1987 movie *Gaby: A True Story*, she received a Golden Globe nomination and a Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bobby Seale

**Robert George** "**Bobby**" **Seale** (born October 22, 1936) is an American political activist. He was born in Dallas, Texas. He and fellow activist Huey P. Newton co-founded the Black Panther Party. He was briefly a member of the Chicago Eight.

## References
## Other websites
* Interview in Detroit, 1978, *American Black Journal*
President of Turkey

The **President of the Republic of Türkiye** () is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Turkey. The president will assume the role of an Executive President and will hold both ceremonial and  executive status. The President represents the Republic of Turkey.

The current office-holder is the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who holds the office since 28 August 2014. 

## Powers
The Constitution creates all the requirements, election, duties, and responsibilities for the office of the President. The office of the President of Turkey was created on 29 October 1923. The President of Turkey is often known as the ***Cumhurbaşkanı***, meaning 'President of the People'.

Since 2017, a successful referendum voted to make the presidency an executive post.
The Turkish President can appoint or fire Vice Presidents.

## List of presidents of Turkey
## Living former presidents
There are two living former Turkish presidents:

File:Ahmet Necdet Sezer.jpg|**Ahmet Necdet Sezer**(2000–2007)
File:Abdullah Gül Senate of Poland (cropped).JPG|**Abdullah Gül**(2007–2014)

## References
## Other websites
*President's website
Cemal Gürsel

**Cemal Gürsel** (; 13 October 1895 – 14 September 1966) was a Turkish army officer. He was the fourth President of Turkey from 1960 until a few months before his death in 1966.

He died from complications of a stroke in Ankara on 14 September 1966 at the age of 70.

## References
## Other websites
*1963–1966 Landmarks of Turkish History
*The full translated text of Cemal Gursel's letter The research copy of the Turkish original
*Cemal Gursel's Memorandum Revealed
*His video and photographs at the President's Web Page
Don Marion Davis

**Don Marion Davis** (October 9, 1917 &ndash; December 10, 2020) was an American child actor. He was born in Hollywood, California. He appeared in many movies during the silent era. While he mostly appeared in comedy shorts, his feature-length movies include *Down on the Farm* and *A Small Town Idol*.

Davis died on December 10, 2020 in Tucson, Arizona at the age of 103.

## References
## Other websites
*
2018 Amesbury poisonings

On 30 June 2018, two British nationals, Charlie Rowley and Dawn Sturgess, were admitted to hospital in Amesbury, England. Police determined that they were poisoned by a Novichok nerve agent similar to that used in the poisoning of Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia in Salisbury,  away, almost four months earlier. Sturgess died on 8 July, and Rowley regained consciousness two days later.

The origin of the poison was possibly a perfume bottle they had picked up in a park. The incident caused concern in the local area, and many places increased safety measures as a precaution.

## References
Anne Olivier Bell

**Anne Olivier Bell** (née Popham; 22 June 1916 – 18 July 2018) was an art scholar. She was part of the Bloomsbury Group. She was best known for editing the diaries of Virginia Woolf. As a member of the *Monuments Men*, she was responsible for the protection of cultural artefacts in Europe during the Second World War.

Bell died on 18 July 2018 in Firle, East Sussex, aged 102.

## References
## Other websites
* Anne Olivier Popham Bell, Monuments Men
Amesbury

**Amesbury** is a town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It is most famous for the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge which is in its parish, and for the discovery of the Amesbury Archer. The Amesbury Archer is an early Bronze Age man whose grave was discovered during excavations at the site of a new housing development in Amesbury in 2002. It has been confirmed by archaeologists that Amesbury is the oldest continuously occupied settlement in the United Kingdom, having been first settled around 8820 BC.

## References
Melanie Papalia

**Melanie Papalia** (born July 11, 1984) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her role as Dana in *American Pie Presents: The Book of Love*, as well as for her roles in movies such as *Postal* (2007) and *Frankie and Alice* (2010). In 2011, she starred as Pippa in the Showcase original series *Endgame*. She was born in Vancouver.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Clever, Missouri

**Clever** is a city in Christian County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,918 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## References
Michelle Von Emster case

**Michelle von Emster** (2 August 1968 - 1994) was a 25-year-old woman who was fatally attacked by an unknown person. She died off the coast of San Diego, California at night. Soon after, two surfers found her body. Her right leg was missing from her mid thigh, and there were tear marks all over her body, suggesting to investigators that she had been attacked by a great white shark. In addition, she had sand in her stomach and other organs, and her neck was broken.

In addition, when experts were later shown the body, some claimed the injuries did not match the measurements of a great white shark.

## References
## Other websites
* Revisiting the mysterious death of Michelle von Emster
Roswell UFO incident

The **Roswell incident** is a series of events and myths about a military balloon crash. It happens in 1947 near Roswell, New Mexico. That summer, there is a craze about flying discs, and many Americans report seeing flying saucers. A rancher near Roswell finds some metallic and rubber debris. He thinks it is a crashed flying saucer and reports it to the military. Roswell Army Air Field recovers the debris. The Army tells the local news that they found a "flying disc." This makes worldwide news, but the Army quickly changes their statement. The Air Force hides the real reason for the crash. It is a balloon used for nuclear test detection, but General Roger Ramey says it is a weather balloon. Thirty years later, conspiracy theorists say the government is hiding the truth. They claim the Air Force is covering up a spaceship. 

## References
;Young readers
*
* 

;Video
* Department of Defense (1997) *The Roswell Reports*. Vol. 1. National Archives Identifier: 2788598.

;General
* Goldberg, Robert Alan (2001). "Chapter 6: The Roswell Incident". Enemies Within: The Culture of Conspiracy in Modern America. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. .
* Frank, Adam (2023). The Little Book of Aliens -Ebook ed. New York: Harper. .
* Korff, Kal (1997). The Roswell UFO Crash: What They Don't Want You to Know (First ed.). Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. .
* Olmsted, Kathryn S. (2009). "Chapter 6: Trust No One: Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theories from the 1970s to the 1990s". Real Enemies: Conspiracy Theories and American Democracy, World War I to 9/11. Oxford University Press. .
* Young, James Michael (2020). "The U.S. Air Force's Long Range Detection Program and Project MOGUL". Air Power History. 67 (4).
Sodder children disappearance

On Christmas Eve, December 24, 1945, a fire destroyed the Sodder home in Fayetteville, West Virginia, United States. At the time, it was owned by George Sodder, his wife Jennie, and her nine children. During the fire, George, Jennie, and four of the nine children escaped. The bodies of the other five children have never been found. The Sodders believed for the rest of their lives that the five missing children survived.

In the 1950s, as they came to doubt that the children had died, they put up a billboard at the site along State Route 16 with pictures of the five.

In support of their belief that the children survived, the Sodders have pointed to a number of unusual circumstances before and during the fire. Authorities say the fire was caused by an electric fire and that the remains were cremated in the fire. The Sodders believed the Sicilian Mafia or someone else kidnapped the children due to George's anti-Benito Mussolini views.

## Related pages
*List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990

## References
John Shaft

**John Shaft** is a fictional character. He is played by Richard Roundtree in the 1971 movie that goes by his last name. He was also in the movie's four sequels. Samuel L. Jackson plays John Shaft II in the 2000 remake of Shaft and the 2019 sequel.

There was also a television series in 1973–74 on CBS.

In February 2015, the New Line Cinema got the rights to the reboot of *Shaft*. The movie is titled *Son of Shaft*. It will be released in June 2019.

## References
Baal Krishna

***Baal Krishna*** is an Indian Hindi-language television soap opera drama which was premiered on 14 March 2016 and it was broadcast on BIG Magic. The series will be produced by Swastik Pictures of Siddharth Kumar Tewarey.

The show went to off air from Swastik Pictures, By going next way to another production house, on it's Maha-Sangam (Episode 247) with Eklavya Serial. After that the show was re-aired as a new name Chakradhari Ajay Krishna in 28 March 2017 on Big Magic wich is now begin produced by Film Farm Productions.

## Synopsis 
The show explored lesser known stories and will also deal with widely popular stories about Lord Krishna.

## Cast 
* Suman Gupta
* Nimai Bali
* Meet Mukhi
* Bhavesh Balchandani
* Riyanka Chanda

## References
Channapatna

**Channapatna toys** are a particular form of wooden toys (and dolls) that are manufactured in the town of Channapatnain the Ramanagara district of Karnataka state, India. This traditional craft is protected as a geographical indication (GI) under the World Trade Organization, administered by the Government of Karnataka. As a result of the popularity of these toys, Channapatna is known as *Gombegala Ooru* (toy-town) of Karnataka. Traditionally, the work involved lacquering the wood of the *Wrightia tinctoria* tree, colloquially called *Aale mara* (ivory-wood), and is majorly manifactured for toys in channapatna taluk in neelsandra village.

The making of Channapatna toys involves turning, shaping and coloring soft wood, mainly from the Wrightia tinctoria tree. Artisans use simple tools to shape the wood and then apply natural dyes and lac using heat. This traditional method gives the toys their bright colors and smooth finish. The dyes used are non-toxic and safe for children, making these toys both attractive and eco-friendly.

In recent years, the designs have expanded beyond traditional dolls to include educational toys, home décor items and keychains. Government support and training programs have helped local artisans improve their skills and market their products. Channapatna toys are now sold across India and also exported to other countries, helping preserve this craft and support rural livelihoods.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Channapatna City Municipality
Kodakara

**Kodakara** is a city in Thrissur district of Kerala state in South India. The total population of this town is 27,948. It is located on National Highway (NH 544). It is 20&nbsp;km south of Thrissur town and about 10&nbsp;km north of Chalakudy.
I Will Survive

"**I Will Survive**" is a hit song first performed by American singer Gloria Gaynor. It was released in October 1978. It was written by Freddie Perren and Dino Fekaris. It became a top-selling song after its release as it sold 14 million copies worldwide.

It reaches number one on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and on the UK Singles Chart on many weeks in a row. The song is also seen as a symbol of female strength and as a gay anthem. 

In 2016, the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Recording Registry.

## References
Lincoln, Vermont

**Lincoln** is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,323 at the 2020 census.

## References
Lincoln, California

**Lincoln** is a city in Placer County, California, United States. It grew 282.1 percent between 2000 and 2010, making it the fastest growing city over 10,000 people in the United States. The population was 49,757 at the 2020 census.

## References
Carla Hayden

**Carla Diane Hayden** (born August 10, 1952) is an American librarian. She was the 14th Librarian of Congress from 2016 until 2025. Hayden is the first woman and the first African American to hold the post.  She is the first professional librarian appointed to the post in over 60 years.

## References
Asado

, Argentina.]]
***Asado*** () is the barbecue of a social event in Hispanic/Latin culture. They are popular in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. In these countries, *asado* is a traditional way of preparing food and a traditional event. An *asado* usually has of beef, sausages, and sometimes other meats, which are cooked on a grill, called a *parrilla*, or an open fire.

## References
Billy Vaughn

**William Richard Vaughn** (April 12, 1919 – September 26, 1991) was an American singer, multi-instrumentalist, orchestra leader, and A&R man for Dot Records.

Vaughn charted a total of 42 singles on the *Billboard* charts, often based on the sound of two alto saxophones.  He also charted thirty six albums on the *Billboard* 200, beginning with 1958's ''Sail Along Silv'ry Moon'' and ending with 1970's *Winter World of Love*.

## References
## Other websites
* Billy Vaughn page at the Space Age Pop Page
* The Billy Vaughn fan page
* Western Kentucky University page on Billy Vaughn and the Hilltoppers
Vince Gilligan

**George Vincent** "**Vince**" **Gilligan Jr.** (born February 10, 1967) is an American television writer, producer and director. He is best known for creating the AMC drama series *Breaking Bad* (2008–2013) and its spin-off *Better Call Saul* (2015–present). He also wrote and produced for the science fiction series *The X-Files* and was one of the creators of its spin-off *The Lone Gunmen* (2001).

Gilligan was born in Richmond, Virginia. He has been with his girlfriend, Holly Rice, since 1991. He is an agnostic.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alien: Isolation

***Alien: Isolation*** is a survival horror game created by Creative Assembly. It is based on the *Alien* science fiction horror movie series. It was published by Sega and released for Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One in October 2014. The game is set 15 years after the events of the 1979 *Alien* movie.

The game is about Amanda Ripley, daughter of *Alien* main character Ellen Ripley, as she investigates the disappearance of her mother while trapped in a spaceship with xenomorphs.

*Alien: Isolation* had strong positive reviews and had sold over two million copies by May 2015.

## References
Belknap County, New Hampshire

**Belknap County** () is a county in the state of New Hampshire, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 63,705. The county seat is Laconia.

## References
Vakhtang Balavadze

**Vakhtang Balavadze** (Georgian: ვახტანგ ბალავაძე, (November 20, 1927 &ndash; July 25, 2018) was a Georgian welterweight freestyle wrestler.
 He competed at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal in 1956. He won the world title in 1954 and 1957, and was a runner-up in 1959.

## References
Laconia, New Hampshire

**Laconia** is a city in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 16,871 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Belknap County. Laconia is between Lake Winnipesaukee and Winnisquam Lake, includes the neighborhoods of Lakeport and Weirs Beach.

## References
Laconia (disambiguation)

**Laconia** is a region of Greece.

It may also refer to:
* Laconia, Indiana, United States
* Laconia, New Hampshire, United States
Laconia, Indiana

**Laconia** is a town in Boone Township, Harrison County, Indiana, United States. The population was 73 at the 2020 census.

## References
Mitsuo Matayoshi

(February 5, 1944 &ndash; July 20, 2018) was a Japanese political activist. He was known for his perennial candidacy for Mayor of Tokyo. He called himself *The only God Matayoshi Mitsuo Jesus Christ* (唯一神又吉光雄・イエス・キリスト) or *Jesus Matayoshi* (又吉イエス). He was a conservative politician. In 1997, he created the World Economic Community Party (世界経済共同体党), a political party based on his belief that he was God.

Matayoshi died from kidney cancer on 20 July 2018 in Tokyo, aged 74.

## References
Sergio Marchionne

**Sergio Marchionne** (; June 17, 1952 – July 25, 2018) was an Italian-Canadian businessman. He was born in Chieti, Italy and raised in Toronto, Ontario.

Marchionne was the chairman of CNH Industrial, the chief executive officer (CEO) of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, the chairman and CEO of FCA US LLC, the chairman and CEO of Ferrari, and the chairman of Maserati. He was the chairman of Swiss-based SGS and vice chairman of UBS from 2008 to 2010, as well as the chairman of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association for 2012 (first elected in January 2006). He was a member of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, and the chairman of the Italian branch of the Council for the United States and Italy.

In June 2018, Marchionne underwent shoulder cancer surgery after suffering from pain in that area. Following complications from surgery he died on July 25, 2018 in Zurich at the age of 66.

## References
## Other websites
*Article on Marchionne (2006)
New Amsterdam, Indiana

**New Amsterdam** is a town in Washington Township in Harrison County in the state of Indiana, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 12 at the 2020 census. It is the smallest town in Indiana.

## References
Gallarate

**Gallarate**  (Lombard: *Galaraa*) is a city in northern Italy. Gallarate is in the Lombardy Region. It has a population of 52,857 people.
Busto Arsizio

**Busto Arsizio** (; Lombard: *Büsti Grandi*) is a city in northern Italy. Busto Arsizio is in the Lombardy Region. 83,405 people live there.

It is  north of Milan. The economy of Busto Arsizio is based on industry and commerce.

Pro Patria Calcio football club plays in Busto Arsizio.
Alene Duerk

**Alene Bertha Duerk** (March 29, 1920 &ndash; July 21, 2018) was a United States Navy admiral. 

She was born in Defiance, Ohio. She became the first female admiral in the U.S. Navy in 1972. She was also the director of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps from 1970 to 1975. She was a 1974 recipient of a Distinguished Alumni Award of Case Western Reserve University's Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing.

Duerk died in Lake Mary, Florida on July 21, 2018 at the age of 98.

## References
Tradate

**Tradate** is a *comune* in northern Italy. Tradate is in the Lombardy Region. It has a population of 18,768 people.

It is  from the city of Varese (the province's capital).
Rocket fuel

**Rocket propellant** or rocket fuel means fuel for rockets. It may be in the form of solid, liquid or gas. Most rockets are chemical rockets propelled by fire. Most chemical rockets use two propellants: a fuel and an oxidizer. These two chemicals are sometimes mixed, and sometimes kept in separate containers.

The Space Shuttle had solid fuel boosters with powdered aluminium as fuel and ammonium perchlorate as oxidant. The Space Shuttle main engines used liquid hydrogen as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxidant.

A toy water rocket uses a gas, such as compressed air, as a propellant.   

## References
György Szepesi

**György Szepesi** (5 February 1922 – 25 July 2018) was a Hungarian radio personality, journalist and sports executive.

Szepesi was a Hungarian Olympic Committee member from 1962 to 2000, and was the Executive Committee Chairman for the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) from 1982 to 1994.

## References
## Other websites
* *The match of the century*, by György Szepesi, Hungarian News and Information Service
* *Népesedésünk ma és holnap*, by György Szepesi, Kossuth, 1986, 
* *Hungarian football rhapsody: 70 years of soccer history*, by György Szepesi, Pannonia Press, 1968
Braunau

**Braunau** may refer to:

## Places 
* Braunau am Inn (district), Austria
** Braunau am Inn, a municipality
* Braunau (river), in Bavaria, Germany
* Braunau, Switzerland
* Broumov, Czech Republic, also known as "Braunau" in German
Sankt Anton

**Sankt Anton** (“Saint Anthony”) may refer to the following places in Austria:
* Sankt Anton am Arlberg, a municipality and ski resort in Tyrol 
* Sankt Anton im Montafon, a municipality in Vorarlberg
* Sankt Anton an der Jeßnitz, a municipality in Lower Austria
Sankt Anton im Montafon

**Sankt Anton im Montafon** is a municipality in the Montafon valley in the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

It is a popular ski resort, and much of the population makes a living from tourism.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website 
*Golm ski resort
FC Petržalka 1898

**FC Petržalka** is a football club which plays in Slovakia. It is based in the capital, Bratislava. The football club was founded in 1898.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Les Brenets

**Les Brenets** was a municipality of the district of Le Locle in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

## Where did the residents go 
On January 1, 2021, the residents were moved into the municipality of Le Locle.

## References 
## Other websites
Montreux (disambiguation)

**Montreux** can mean:
* Montreux, a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland
* Montreux, Meurthe-et-Moselle, a commune in France
* Montreux-Jeune, a commune in the Haut-Rhin department
* Montreux-Vieux, a commune in the Haut-Rhin department
* Montreux-Château, a commune in the Territoire de Belfort department

## Other 
* Montreal (disambiguation)
Escamps

**Escamps** may refer to:
* Escamps, Lot, a commune in the French region of Midi-Pyrénées
* Escamps, Yonne, a commune in the French region of Bourgogne
Meredith Salenger

**Meredith Dawn Salenger** (born March 14, 1970) is an American actress, who is best known for her role as Lainie Diamond in *Dream a Little Dream*.

For Disney, she played Natty Gann in *The Journey of Natty Gann*, and a television news reporter named Natalie Gann in the 2009 movie *Race to Witch Mountain*. She also did the voices of Barriss Offee and several characters in the animated series *Star Wars: The Clone Wars*, *Star Wars Rebels*, and Aurora Six in *Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!*. She also played Daphne in the ABC TV show ''Grey's Anatomy*, Amber Wheeler in *My Town*, and did additional voices in *Star Wars: The Force Awakens''.

## Other websites 
*
Lincoln, North Dakota

**Lincoln** is a city in Burleigh County, North Dakota, United States. It is a suburb of Bismarck. The population was 4,257 at the 2020 census, making it the 14th largest city in North Dakota. Lincoln was founded in 1977.

## References
Compressed air

powered by compressed air. This was used in the mining industry]]

**Compressed air** is air stored under a pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure. It is generally produced by an air compressor.

## Uses
Compressed air may be used for transfer of energy in industrial processes. Compressed air is used to power pneumatic tools. Compressed air is used to spray paint, to operate air cylinders for automation, and to propel vehicles. Railway brakes applied by compressed air make train travel safer. Compressed air brakes are also found on large road vehicles, such as trucks and buses.
Walter Hirrlinger

**Walter Hirrlinger** (24 June 1926 – 24 July 2018) was a German politician. He was honorary President of Sozialverbands VdK Deutschland (SPD) from 1990 to 2008. From 1953 to 1968, Hirrlinger was a member of the municipal council of Esslingen am Neckar, from 1959 to 1989, he was also on the county council of the district of Esslingen.

From 1964 to 1968 he was also Deputy State Chairman of the SPD Baden-Württemberg; until 1975.

Hirrlinger died on 24 July 2018 at the age of 92 years in Esslingen.

## References
Lincoln, New Hampshire

**Lincoln** is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. It is the second-largest town by area in New Hampshire. The population was 1,631 at the 2020 census.

## References
Grafton County, New Hampshire

**Grafton County** is a county in the state of New Hampshire, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 91,118. The county seat is Haverhill.

## References
Boroughs of New York City

New York City is made up of five county-level sections called *boroughs*: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. All boroughs are part of New York City, but they are in different counties. Queens is the largest borough by land area. Brooklyn is the largest borough by population.

Boroughs have existed since the official creation of the city in 1898, when the city and each borough assumed their current boundaries. However, the boroughs have not always been part with their respective counties. Before 1914, the borough of The Bronx had been earlier in the southern part of Westchester County which had then been annexed to New York County. Before 1899, the County of Queens included an eastern part, which was split off during the formation to become Nassau County.

Each borough is represented by a Borough president. 

## References