open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Armando Riesco

**Armando Riesco** (born December 5, 1977) was an Puerto Rican actor. He was known for his roles in *Pieces of April*, *National Treasure*, *World Trade Center*,  *National Treasure: Book of Secrets* and *Adult World*. Riesco was also the voice actor for video games, including *Grand Theft Auto: Vice City*, *Midnight Club II* and *Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas*.

## Personal life
Riesco was born in Mayagüez, the son of Cuban immigrants. He has raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico where he was attended Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola. He was attended Northwestern University in Illinois. After the graduating, he then relocated to New York City where he began to work in local and off-Broadway productions as well as film, television, video games and commercials.

## Other websites
*
Jane Beshear

**Mary Jane "Jane" Beshear** (née Klingner; born December 13, 1946) is an American educator who served as First Lady of Kentucky from 2007 to 2015. She is married to former governor Steve Beshear and is the mother of current governor Andy Beshear.

## Early life and education 
Jane Beshear was born Mary Jane Klingner on December 13, 1946. She earned her degree from the University of Kentucky in Lexington.

## Family 
In 1969, she married Steve Beshear. They have two sons, Jeffrey Scott Beshear and Andrew Graham Beshear (Andy), as well as two grandsons and one granddaughter.

## Role as First Lady 
When Steve Beshear became governor in December 2007, Jane Beshear took on the duties of First Lady of Kentucky. During her tenure, she:

* Worked with the state legislature to raise the mandatory high school leaving age from 16 to 18, allowing districts to adopt the change at their own pace.
* Supported legislation in 2015 to protect individuals from violence in dating relationships.
* Had the Capitol Education Center named in her honor; its name was later changed by Governor Matt Bevin in 2016.

## References
Innowise

**Innowise Sp. z o.o.**, also known as **Innowise**, is a global software development and IT services company based in Warsaw, Poland. Founded in 2007 by three engineers, including CEO Pavel Orlov, the firm offers end-to-end technology solutions—from discovery and design through development, testing, DevOps, and cloud architecture to ongoing support and digital marketing services.

In 2009, Innowise entered the German market, and by 2013 it had expanded into the United States, securing its first North American client. The following year, the company began delivering projects for Fortune 500 enterprises. To enhance its design capabilities, Innowise established the Innowise Design Studio in 2016, offering services in graphic design, branding, 3D modeling, animation, and motion graphics.

As part of its Baltic regional growth, Innowise opened a development center in Vilnius, Lithuania, in 2020. From 2021 through 2024, the company was named to the International Association of Outsourcing Professionals’ Global Outsourcing 100 list for four consecutive years. Innowise also earned a place on the Inc. 5000 list of fastest‑growing private companies in the United States in both 2022 and 2023.

## References
Tim Blaney

**Timothy Patrick "Tim" Blaney** (born April 23, 1959) is an American voice actor and puppeteer. He is best known for doing the voice of **Frank the Pug** in *Men in Black* and *Men in Black II*, and the robot **Johnny 5** in *Short Circuit* and *Short Circuit 2*.

## Filmography 
### Film 
### Television 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Xinhua Bookstore

**Xinhua Bookstore** () is a bookstore chain brand in mainland China.

## History 
Xinhua Bookstore (in ) was originally established as Guanghua Bookstore (in ) in 1937 in Yan'an under the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party. In 1942, Guanghua Bookstore changed its name to Xinhua Bookstore. The four Chinese letter "Xin-hua Shu-dian" logo was made in brush writing in 1948 by Chairman Mao Zedong.

In 2003, all Xinhua Bookstores in Beijing was reorganized, coming under the China Publishing Group (in ).  was established to manage the trademark.

## Multiple distribution channels 
 City, Hainan Province]]

In the larger cities in China, Xinhua Bookstore has opened "Foreign Language Bookstores" (in ) which sell books and CDs for learning foreign languages.  Books published in foreign countries are not widely sold in China and are more expensive than Chinese-language books, but they are available in large cities, though magazines from foreign countries are prohibited for distribution for political reasons.

Xinhua Bookstore's Provincial Publishing Companies have recently begun opening different distribution channels, such as the Northern Book Town (in ) in Liaoning Province and Boku Book Town (in ) in Zhejiang Province.
## References
Nungou Yumthangba

**Nungou Yumthangba** () or **Nungngou Yumthangba** () was the founder of the Chenglei (Sarang Leishangthem) clan of the Meitei confederacy. According to the Chengleiron, Nungou Yumthangba had one more brother called Lokton Atonba.

According to the Leithak Leikharol,

## References
Raymond Chan

**Raymond** or **Ray Chan** may refer to:
* Raymond Chan (politician) (born 1951), Canadian politician.
* Raymond Chan Chi-chuen, Hong Konger.
* Ray Chan (academic), Australian oncology nurse.
* Ray Chan (art director) (1967–2024), British art director and production designer.
23rd International Emmy Awards

The **23rd International Emmy Awards** was on November 20, 1995 in New York City. It was hosted by the actor Peter Ustinov. The ceremony was presented by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS)

## Ceremony
The nominations for the awards were announced on November 1, 1995. The awards honor programs that were first shown outside the United States. The award ceremony was on November 20, 1995 in New York City.

## Winners 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 23rd Annual International Emmys Gala Awards (1995)
Telmatobius sanborni

'''Sanborn's water frog'* (*Telmatobius sanborni*) is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia and Peru.

## Groups
Scientists used to think this was the same frog as *T. marmoratus'', but now they think they are two different frogs.

## Home
This frog lives on the steep sides of the Andes Mountains. It lives in cloud forests. It lives near rivers and streams. Scientists saw this frog between 3100 and 3800 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog in one protected parks, Area Natural de Manejo Integrado Apolobamba. They think it could also live in Madidi National Par. Both these places are in Bolivia.

## Young
The tadpoles live in streams where the water moves fast. The use their sucker mouths to hold on to rocks.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in very big danger of dying out. Scientists from Bolivia’s Red Book of Threatened Vertebrates say it is in danger of dying out . Peru's Categorization in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna says it is in very big danger of dying out. Scientists found the fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* on these frogs, so they think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis kills them.

## First paper
*

## References
So Well Remembered

***So Well Remembered*** is a 1947 British drama movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and was based on the 1945 novel of the same name by James Hilton. It stars John Mills, Martha Scott, Trevor Howard, Richard Carlson, Beatrice Varley, Ivor Barnard, Patricia Roc, Reginald Tate and Arthur Howard. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Piano Concerto No. 0 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Concerto in E flat major**, WoO. 4, was written in 1784 when he was 14 years old. Only the solo piano part is still around today, but it has some marks for the orchestra. and musicologist and composer Willy Hess, have made different versions of the concerto.

## Structure
The work has three movements: 
#*Allegro moderato*
#*Larghetto* 
#*Rondo allegretto*

It is hard to talk about the concerto because it is different every time it is played, but  the concerto is like creations of classical composers of the late 1800s, like Joseph Haydn, who would later teach Beethoven. He most likely created this concerto in 1784, when he was in Bonn.  

## References
Orlando Rays

The **Orlando Rays** were a Minor League Baseball team from Orlando, Florida, that played from 1963 to 2003. They played at a stadium called Disney's Wide World of Sports from 2000 to 2003. Before that, they played at Tinker Field from 1963 to 1999. The team was partnered with four Major League Baseball (MLB) teams: the Minnesota Twins (1963–1992), Chicago Cubs (1993–1997), Seattle Mariners (1998), and Tampa Bay Devil Rays (1999–2003).

The team began playing baseball in 1963 at the Class A level, the third-most difficult level before MLB, in the Florida State League. They were called the **Orlando Twins** from 1963 to 1989 because of their partnership with the Minnesota Twins. In 1973, they started playing in the Southern League at the Double-A level, the second-most difficult. They changed their name to the **Orlando Sun Rays** in 1990. They became the **Orlando Cubs** in 1993 after partnering with the Chicago Cubs. Their name was changed to the Orlando Rays in 1997. They won the Southern League championship three times (1981, 1991, and 1999).

## References
## Other websites
*The team's statistics from *Baseball-Reference*
Sacramento River Cats

The **Sacramento River Cats** are a Minor League Baseball team from West Sacramento, California. They play baseball at the Triple-A (AAA) level, the most difficult level before Major League Baseball (MLB), against other baseball teams in the Pacific Coast League (a group of 10&nbsp;baseball teams at the same level). The River Cats are partnered with the San Francisco Giants, a Major League Baseball team. When a player shows that he plays well at this level, he may be moved up to play for the Giants.

The River Cats play at a stadium called Sutter Health Park.

## References
## Other websites
* The team's website
* The team's statistics from *Baseball-Reference*
Tropical Storm Debbie (1965)

**Tropical Storm Debbie** was a tropical storm in the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season. This was the sixth tropical storm in the 1965 Atlantic Hurricane season. It started on September&nbsp;24 in the western Caribbean Sea. The storm then moved northwest for many days. On September&nbsp;27, Debbie moved to the northeast in the Gulf of Mexico. The storm dissipated on September&nbsp;30 in the east coast of Louisiana. In southern Alabama, the storm had  of rain. There was lots of flooding in this area. There was $25&nbsp;million in damage in the Mobile, Alabama area. There was not much damage in other areas.
Maharashtra men's cricket team

The '''Maharashtra men's cricket team''' has been active since 1934. The team has first-class status, and is organised by the Maharashtra Cricket Association (MCA). They have competed in the Ranji Trophy, India's national championship, since the 1934–35 season. The team have won the championship twice, in 1939–40 and 1940–41. Their home ground is the Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium in Pune, which opened in 2012.

Among noted Maharashtra players have been B. B. Nimbalkar, Vijay Hazare, Chandu Borde, Chetan Chauhan, Ruturaj Gaikwad, and Rahul Tripathi.

## References
Potassium acetate

**Potassium acetate** (also known as **potassium ethanoate**) is a potassium salt of acetic acid. It is made when acetic acid reacts with basic potassium compounds like potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, or potassium bicarbonate. The chemical formula is . It is an ionic compound made of potassium ions and acetate ions.

It can dissolve in water, methanol, ethanol or liquid ammonia, but not in ether or acetone, and slightly soluble in sulfur dioxide (0.06g/kg) at . It is used as a food additive to regulate the acidity of foods.

## References 
## Related pages
*Sodium acetate
Musashi, the Samurai Lord

***Musashi, the Samurai Lord***, called  in Japanese, is an anime series by Studio Pierrot. The series was first on Nippon Television from October 1990 to September 1991.

2 video games were made based on the anime.

## Characters
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## References
## Other websites
* 
* *Karakuri Kengō Den Musashi Lord* (video game)  at Giant Bomb
* *Musashi, the Samurai Lord* at Studio Pierrot
Jharkhand men's cricket team

The '''Jharkhand men's cricket team''' has been active since 2004. It represents the Indian state of Jharkhand. The team has first-class status, and is organised by the Jharkhand State Cricket Association (JSCA). They have competed in the Ranji Trophy, India's national championship, since the 2004–05 season. The team won the Vijay Hazare Trophy in 2010–11. Their home ground is the JSCA International Stadium Complex in Ranchi, which opened in 2013.

## References
Ennahda

The **Ennahda Movement** (; ), also called the **Renaissance Party** or the **Ennahda**, is Islamic democratic political party in Tunisia.

They were founded as the **Movement of Islamic Tendency** in 1981. The party was inspired by the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood.

After the 2011 Tunisian revolution and collapse of the government of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, the Ennahda Movement Party was formed, and in the 2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election (Tunisia's first free election), the party won 37% There was lots of debate about "Islamization" in the country. 2 politicians were assassinated This led to the 2013–14 Tunisian political crisis, and the party stepped down after Tunisia's constitution was made January 2014. In the  2014 Tunisian parliamentary election, the party was in 2nd place with 27.79% of the vote.

## Election results 
## References
## Other websites
* 
*Bruce Maddy-Weitzman, "The Islamic Challenge in North Africa," *MERIA: Middle East Review of International Affairs*, Vol. 1, No. 2 (July 1997)
*Andrew F. March, What Is "Muslim" about Tunisia's "Muslim Democrats"?. May 2021. No. 142.
24th International Emmy Awards

The **24th International Emmy Awards** were on November 25, 1996 in New York City. They were hosted by Jamie Luner, Dick Cavett and Kenny Rogers. The award ceremony was presented by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS).

## Winners 
### Best Arts Documentary 
* *The House* (United Kingdom: BBC)

### Best Children and Young People Program 
* *Newsround Extra: War Child* (United Kingdom: BBC)

### Best Documentary 
* *The Pelican of Ramzan the Red* (France: Canal +)
* ''People's Century*: for episode *1933: Master Race* (United Kingdom: BBC)
* *The Saga of Life: The Unknown World* (Sweden: WGBH/ZDF/Arte/Channel 4)

### Best Drama Series 
* *La Colline aux Mille Enfants* (France: France Télévisions

### Best Popular Arts 
* *Wallace & Gromit: A Close Shave'' (United Kingdom: BBC)

### Founders Award 
* Reg Grundy (Grundy Productions)

### Directorate Award 
* Herbert A. Granath (ABC)

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
1911 Canadian census

The **1911 Canadian census** was a census of the Canadian population. The census was started on June 1, 1911. The total population of Canada was 7,206,643. This was an increase of 34% since the 1901 census of 5,371,315.

## Population by province
*

## References
## Other websites
*Census of Canada, 1911
*Historical Statistics of Canada
*Name index for the 1911 Census
Niagara Falls conference

The **Niagara Falls convention** was a meeting of 29 people in the Erie Beach Hotel, Fort Erie, Ontario. The meeting was from July 11 until 14 July 1905. It was the first meeting of The Niagara Movement. This movement was led by W. E. B. Du Bois, John Hope, and William Monroe Trotter. They hepde form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The next Niagara Conference was held the next year at Storer College, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.

## References 
## Other websites
*The Niagara Movement founded
1893 Honduran presidential election

Presidential elections were in Honduras on 14 September 1893. Domingo Vásquez was the only candidate. He was elected.

## Background
President Ponciano Leiva, was elected president in 1891. On 9 February 1893, he said he was resigning from his job. He gave power to Minister of War Rosendo Agüero. Agüero then gave his power to Domingo Vásquez. Leiva officially resigned on 15 July.

## Results
## References
Ape Quest

***Ape Quest*** (known in Japan as ***Sarugetchu: Piposaru Senki***) is a role-playing video game that was developed by Shift and Alvion and published by Sony Computer Entertainment.
ZNS-3

**ZNS-3** (branded as *The Light* or the Northern Service) is the third-oldest radio station in the Bahamas. They started broadcasting in 1973. It is owned by the Broadcasting Corporation of The Bahamas. ZNS-3 broadcasts at 810&nbsp;kHz on the AM band with a 10&nbsp;kW transmitter. They also broadcast at 104.5&nbsp;MHz on the FM band with a 10&nbsp;kW transmitter.

## Other websites
* Broadcasting Corporation of The Bahamas

## References
Tour du Guet

The **Tour du Guet** is a watchtower in Calais, Pas-de-Calais, northern France. The tower is on Place d'Armes behind the Hotel de Ville. The tower is  in height, and has a dovecote for carrier pigeons. The tower is from 1214, when Philip I, Count of Boulogne built fortifications in the town. The tower was damaged in a 1580 earthquake. The tower was used as a lighthouse until 1848. In 1848, it became a watch tower. During World War I, it was a military post.

## References
Fairs Act 1204

The **Fairs Act 1204** (6 John) is an Irish law in 1204. The law said that a castle and foritications would be made in Dublin.  It is the oldest law still in force in Ireland.

## References
*Legislation Directory. Irish Statute Book.
Duchy of Spoleto

The **Duchy of Spoleto** () was a Lombard territory. It was founded in about 570. It is in central Italy. Its capital city was Spoleto.

## Citations 
## References 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* The History Files: Lombard Dukes of Spoleto.
* Spoleto on the *Catholic Encyclopedia*, showing a somewhat different list of dukes, working no doubt from the *Liber Pontificalis*
Battle of Sandwich (1217)

The **Battle of Sandwich**, also called the **Battle of Dover** was on 24 August 1217. It was part of the First Barons' War. A Plantagenet English fleet was led by Hubert de Burgh. This fleet attacked a Capetian French fleet led by Eustace the Monk and Robert of Courtenay off Sandwich, Kent. The English captured the French flagship and many of their supply ships. This forced the French to go back to Calais.

## References
### Citations
### Bibliography
* . 
* . 
* .
* .
*
County of Durango

The **County of Durango** (), also called the *Land of Durango* and *Merindad of Durango*, was the political administration of the territory that is now Durangaldea. This is in the Basque region of Biscay. The political administration has all towns and elizates that is in this territory. The elizates were led by the Foral law. All towns had their own laws. The county of Durango was a vassal state in the Kingdom of Pamplona (later, Navarre). In the 13th century it became a part of the Lordship of Biscay. It has been part of Biscay since then. Its capital city was the town of Durango.

## References 
*
Home Box Office, Inc.

**Home Box Office, Inc.** (**HBO**) is an American multinational media and entertainment company owned by Warner Bros. Discovery through its Streaming & Studios division.
## References
## Other websites 
* 
*  (bulk property, college and hotel sales)
* Home Box Office at the Internet Movie Database
Mazurkas, Op. 30 (Chopin)

The **Op. 30 mazurkas**, by Frédéric Chopin, are 4 mazurkas written and made public in 1837:
* Mazurka in C minor Op. 30 No. 1
* Mazurka in B minor Op. 30 No. 2 (ends in F-sharp minor) 
* Mazurka in D-flat major Op. 30 No. 3
* Mazurka in C-sharp minor Op. 30 No. 4

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Twenty-four Pieces for Children

***Twenty-four Pieces for Children*** (also *24 Pieces for Children*), Op. 25, is a 1936 piano group of piano works by Viktor Kosenko. It uses all twenty-four major and minor keys. The works use polyphony. The group was made public as Op. 15 in 1938, but was fixed by the publisher. The group is often played by children and piano students.

## Description
:

## References
## Other websites 
* ''Twenty-four Pieces for Children'' at the IMSLP
The Romantic Age (1927 movie)

***The Romantic Age*** is a 1927 American silent drama movie directed by Robert Florey and starring Eugene O'Brien, Alberta Vaughn, Bert Woodruff. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Republic of Siena

The **Republic of Siena** (, ) was a country that had the city of Siena and the surrounding area in Tuscany, Central Italy. The country existed for over 400 years, from 1125 to 1555. Its size slowly became bigger through southern Tuscany. The Republic soon became a very important economic power in the Middle Ages. It was thought to be an important money and art center in Europe.

From 1287 to 1355, the Republic had much political and economic power. New buildings were built like the Cathedral of Sienaand the Palazzo Pubblico, and much the wall in Siena was also built.

The Republic had some economic decline because of the Black Death and also had instability. That led to the Duchy of Florence taking over Siena in the Italian War of 1551–1559. The country ended on 21 April 1555.

## Related pages
* Grand Duchy of Tuscany

## Sources
* Mario Ascheri and Bradley Franco (2019). *A History of Siena: From Its Origins to the Modern Day*. Routledge. 
* 

## References
Rogues' Regiment

'''''Rogues' Regiment''''' is a 1948 American action movie directed by Robert Florey and starring Vincent Price, Dick Powell, Stephen McNally, Märta Torén, Henry Rowland, Edgar Barrier, Richard Loo, Richard Fraser. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites
*
*
Piano Concerto No. 1 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Concerto No. 1** in C major, Op.&nbsp;15, was written in 1795, then changed in 1800. It was possibly first shown by Beethoven at his first public concert in Vienna on 29 March 1795. It was first made public in 1801 in Vienna, dedicated to his student Princess Anna Louise Barbara Odescalchi (née Countess von Keglević), also called "Babette".

Although this was Beethoven's first piano concerto to be made public, it was actually his third, after a piano concerto in E-flat major of 1784 and the Piano Concerto No. 2. His second concerto was made public in 1801 in Leipzig after the Concerto No. 1, but was made over several years, starting in 1788.

## Movements 
Like the Piano Concerto No. 2, this concerto is similar to works by Mozart and Haydn.

There are three options for the cadenza to this movement. The coda is played by only the orchestra. It takes 14-18 minutes to play this movement.

### II. Largo
The second movement is in the key of A-flat major. This movement is in ternary (ABA) form. 

Performances often last more than ten minutes

### III. Rondo. Allegro scherzando
The third movement is a sonata rondo (ABACABA). The piano plays the main theme, which is then played by the orchestra.

Beethoven wrote two short cadenzas for this movement. The movement lasts eight to nine minutes.

## Recordings 
## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Belen, Hatay

**Belen** is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 184 km2, and its population is 34,449 (2022). 

## Geography
The district of Belen consists of a small town of the same name and the surrounding villages in the forested slopes of the Nur Mountains. The Belen Pass is the main route across the mountains, connecting the coastal city of İskenderun with Antakya. The pass is a key route between Anatolia and the Middle East. The Belen district is known for its cool, clean air (especially when compared with the heat of the Mediterranean coast below) and its mountain spring water.
Compensation philosophy

**Compensation philosophy** is a basic plan that explains how a company decides to pay its workers. It helps the company match its pay system with its goals, culture, and the kind of workers it wants to hire and keep. A compensation philosophy tells:

* Who the company competes with to hire workers
* If the company pays the same as, more than, or less than the market average
* How the company balances fairness inside the company (called *internal equity*) with being competitive in the market (called *external competitiveness*)
* How the company decides raises, bonuses, and other benefits

This philosophy gives a clear and fair way to make pay decisions. It helps managers make choices that support good work, help keep workers in the company, and show what the company believes in. It also makes sure pay plans are explained well and used the same way for everyone.

## References 
## Related pages 
* Human resources
Baton twirling

**Baton twirling** is a sport that combines dance and color guard to create coordinated routines. Instead of such objects as a Flag, rifle, sabre, or other props, it requires a "baton" which is a metal rod, typically just slightly larger than one's dominant arm. The sport can be seen in national and international competitions, including the USA Junior Olympics.

Musical tunes typically accompany a performance. There are various types of baton twirlers. Majorettes twirl in a group for a high school or college with its marching band. A twirler may perform as part of a group that marches in a parade or front of an audience. Competitive twirlers may compete solo or as part of a group.

## Other websites 
* World Baton Twirling Federation
* Confédération Européenne de Twirling Bâton 
* United States Baton Twirling Association 
* National Baton Twirling Association 
* https://wfnbta.com/
East Prussian offensive

The **East Prussian offensive**, was an operation by the Red Army of the Soviet Union against the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany that happened on the Eastern Front of the  European theatre of World War II and took place from 13 January - 25 April 1945. the operation took place at the same time as the Vistula–Oder offensive in Poland. the location of the offensive was in East Prussia, one of the first pre-WWII German territories to be invaded in Eastern Europe. during the offensive the Germans brought up the Volkssturm (a militia force created by the Nazi Party in the last months of the War in Europe). Operation Hannibal was launched by the German navy to evacuate German troops and civilians by sea to safer areas. one of the major battle was the Battle for Königsberg where the final assault of he city would happen in early April. some German units would continue fighting until the German Instrument of Surrender was signed on May 8th. after the war ended, east prussia was divided and shared between the USSR and Poland.

## References
Ningthou Kongyamba

**Meidingu Kongyamba**, also called **Ningthou Kongyamba**, or mononymously **Kongyamba** (), was a king of the Ningthouja dynasty of Manipur Kingdom. He reigned from 1324 C.E. to 1335 C.E. He is noted for his military victories and his attempts to assimilate other cultures during his reign.

## Annexation of the Khumans  
In 1334 CE, Kongyamba decisively defeated the Khuman King, **Lamyai Kaikhinba**, in the **Kongyaiphai** battle. With this victory, the Khuman's political autonomy collapsed, resulting in further Meitei extension in the southern parts of the valley even though Lamyai Kaikhinba was still the titular king. Therefore, the Khumans lost independence, and Kongyamba incorporated their territory into the newer expansion of the Meitei dominion.

## Military campaigns 
### Battle with Mayangs 
In addition to the defeat of the Khuman, **Kongyamba** extended his military campaigns throughout the southern areas of Kangleipak.
* **Mayang Maipa Samloipa**
* **Aafe Racha**, a famed swordsman
* **Tingko Raja**
* **Lakasumka Tao**
* **Aaring Aarang Tao**

These prisoners were detained after their defeat.

### Battle with Chakpas 
Kongyamba also fought war against the **Chakpa** people; and in the **Khuroi Haora**, **Lamangtong**. Kongyamba's army won again, capturing many, including **Yumkhei Ngakpi**, who was a female defender of the Chakpas.

## Cultural impact 
The reign of **Kongyamba** witnessed significant cultural changes. After the conquest of the Khuman, the Meitei adopted the **Khuman** style of dress. The Meitei began adopting Luwang dress too. These cultural assimilations, born out of military amalgamation, marked the beginning of a more expansive Meitei identity, which included aspects of independent clans.

## References
Tacoma Rainiers

The **Tacoma Rainiers** are a Minor League Baseball team from Tacoma, Washington. They play baseball at the Triple-A (AAA) level, the most difficult level before Major League Baseball, against other baseball teams in the Pacific Coast League (a group of 10&nbsp;baseball teams at the same level). The Rainiers are partnered with the Seattle Mariners, a Major League Baseball team. When a player shows that he plays well at this level, he may be moved up to play for the Mariners.

The team started playing baseball in 1960 as the **Tacoma Giants**. The team changed their name to the **Tacoma Cubs** in 1966, **Tacoma Twins** in 1972, **Tacoma Yankees** in 1978, **Tacoma Tugs** in 1979, and **Tacoma Tigers** in 1980. They became the Tacoma Rainiers in 1995 because Mount Rainier is located near Tacoma.

The Rainiers have played at a stadium called Cheney Stadium since 1960.

## References
## Other websites
*The team's website
*The team's statistics from *Baseball-Reference*
Causes of the Armenian genocide

There were many **causes of the Armenian genocide**. Between spring 1915 and autumn 1916, the Ottoman Empire killed 600,000 to 1,500,000 Armenians.
Potential causes include the extremist ideas of CUP and anti-Christian sentiment. The consensus among scholars is that the killings were not planned before the World War One. in 1910, made by Francis Maunsell.]]

## Causes
Causes of the Armenian genocide might include:
* The Ottoman Empire's huge territory losses after the 19th century
* Religious and cultural differences
* Anti-Christian feelings (especially towards Armenian Christians) after the Turks were killed during the Balkan Wars
* Wartime extremism during the World War I
* Rise of Turkish Nationalism

## Related pages
*Assyrian genocide
*Armenian genocide
*Ottoman Empire

## References
## Sources
*Melson, Robert (2015). "Contending Interpretations Concerning the Armenian Genocide: Continuity and Conspiracy, Discontinuity and Cumulative Radicalization". Genocide Studies International. 9 (1): 10–21. doi:10.3138/gsi.9.1.02. S2CID 145397509.
Rai 1

**Rai 1** (formerly *Programma Nazionale* from 1953 to 1975, *Rete 1* from 1975 to 1983, and *Raiuno* from 1983 to 2010) is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster RAI ― Radiotelevisione Italiana. It was launched on 3 January 1954 as the first regular television service in Italy.
SpongeBob SquarePants season 16

The **sixteenth season** of *SpongeBob SquarePants* first started showing on television on June 27, 2025. The season started with the episode "SpongeBob and Patrick's Timeline Twist-Up".

## Episodes

## Notes 
## References
Cowsay

**cowsay** is a configurable text filter that generates an ASCII art image of a cow (or other creatures) saying or thinking a message. Originally created by Tony Monroe in 1999, the program is written in Perl and has become a light-hearted tool often found in terminal screenshots, IRC, and documentation.

Besides the default cow, users can choose from a wide variety of alternative character templates (called ".cow" files), including Tux the Penguin and various fantasy animals. A companion program, , renders messages as thoughts (using thought bubbles instead of speech bubbles).

The cow’s expression and behavior can be customized using parameters that alter its eyes, tongue, or replace it entirely. Cowsay has achieved cult status in hacker culture and continues to be included in many Linux distributions. It was even featured as Debian’s “Package of the Day” in 2007.

## Usage
A typical use case involves piping output from the  command into :

```shell-session
[user@hostname ~]$ fortune | cowsay
 ________________________________________
/ You have Egyptian flu: you're going to \
\ be a mummy.                            /
 ----------------------------------------
        \   ^__^
         \  (oo)\_______
            (__)\       )\/\
                ||----w |
                ||     ||
```

To use a different character template, such as Tux:

```shell-session
[user@hostname ~]$ fortune | cowsay -f tux
 _________________________________________
/ You are only young once, but you can    \
\ stay immature indefinitely.             /
 -----------------------------------------
   \
    \
        .--.
       |o_o |
       |:_/ |
      //   \ \
     (|     | )
    /'\_   _/`\
    \___)=(___/
```

List all available cow templates:

```shell-session
[user@hostname ~]$ cowsay -l
Cow files in /usr/share/cowsay/cows:
apt beavis.zen bong bud-frogs bunny calvin cheese cock cower daemon default
dragon dragon-and-cow duck elephant elephant-in-snake eyes flaming-sheep
ghostbusters gnu head-in hellokitty kiss kitty koala kosh luke-koala
mech-and-cow meow milk moofasa moose mutilated pony pony-smaller ren sheep
skeleton snowman sodomized-sheep stegosaurus stimpy suse three-eyes turkey
turtle tux unipony unipony-smaller vader vader-koala www
```

## References 
* Sandra Henry-Stocker (Dec 15, 2020). "Creating your own cowsay messenger". *Network World*. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
* c't Spaß mit Technik (2018): *Einfache Computerprojekte zum Selbermachen*. p.120. Heise Medien GmbH & Co. KG. .
* Sreenath (5 July 2023). "Moo! There is a Cow in My Linux Terminal". *It's FOSS*. Retrieved 21 September 2023.

## Other websites 
*
Thangyi

**Thangyi** was the main branch of the Chenglei Yek (lineage), originating from Nungou Yumthangba. This term was first used to refer to the branch in the time of **Thangyi Khongjomba**.

## References
Rockstar Vancouver

**Rockstar Vancouver Inc.** (formerly **Barking Dog Studios Ltd.** until 2002) was a Canadian video game developer owned by Rockstar Games after 2002. They are best known for developing *Bully* in 2006.
Rockstar Toronto

**Rockstar Games Toronto ULC** (formerly **Imagexcel**, **Alternative Reality Technologies** and **Rockstar Canada**), trading as **Rockstar Toronto**, is a Canadian video game developer owned by Rockstar Games since 1999. It is headquartered in Oakville, Ontario in the suburbs of Toronto. After it's 1997 acquisition by Take-Two Interactive (Rockstar's parent company), the studio was renamed **Rockstar Canada**. After the acquisition of Rockstar Vancouver in 2002, the company renamed to **Rockstar Toronto** because there were now 2 Rockstar studios in Canada.
Eurovision Song Contest 2005

The **Eurovision Song Contest 2005** was the 50th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. The semi-final took place on the 19 May and the grand final on 21 May 2005. The contest was held in Kyiv, Ukraine, following their win at the 2004 contest with the song "Wild Dances" by Ruslana.

## Participants 
### Other countries 
The Czech Republic had applied to debut in the contest, but it withdrew. Lebanon was set to debut in the contest with the song "Quand tout s'enfuit " by Aline Lahoud, but due to laws not allowing Israeli content, it withdrew.

## Overview 
### Semi-final 
The semi-final was held on 19 May 2005 at 21:00 (CET).

### Final 
The final was held on 21 May 2005 at 21:00 (CET)

## Official album 
***Eurovision Song Contest: Kyiv 2005*** was the official compilation album of the 2005 contest. 

The original album cover had Lebanon, but due to the country's withdrawal, it was changed.

## References
Piano Concerto No. 2 (Beethoven)

The **Piano Concerto No. 2** in B-flat major, Op. 19, by Ludwig van Beethoven was mostly created between 1787 and 1789. It was made public in December 1801 as Op. 19, after the making public of the Piano Concerto No. 1 in C&nbsp;major as Op. 15 that was created after his second concerto.

Beethoven may have first played it on 29 March 1795, at Vienna's Burgtheater, his first time playing in public. Beethoven did not like this work, telling Franz Anton Hoffmeister that, with the Piano Concerto No. 1, it was "not one of my best." He changed the concerto many times, in 1790, 1793, 1794-1795, 1798 and 1801. The changes from 1795 are often played today. 

## Movements
The work was created for solo piano, flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns and strings; it is the only one of Beethoven's seven finished concertos that does not have clarinets, trumpets and timpani. The concerto has three movements:

The first movement starts with the orchestra playing the tonic chord, and uses chromatic lines in the piano. The second movement is calm and slow, while the ending Rondo is similar to the first movement.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Ruxley

**Ruxley** is a settlement in South East London, England. It is next to the London Boroughs of Bromley and Bexley. The borough is 13 miles southeast of Charing Cross in the Metropolitan Green Belt between Sidcup and Swanley.

## Nearest areas
## References
Piano Concerto No. 4 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Concerto No. 4** in G major, Op. 58, was created in 1805 and 1806. Beethoven was the soloist in the first public playing as part of the concert on 22 December 1808 at Vienna's Theater an der Wien.

## Orchestration
It is scored for solo piano and an orchestra that has a flute, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani, and strings.

## Playing and reception
It was first played in March 1807 at a concert at the home of Prince Franz Joseph von Lobkowitz. The *Coriolan Overture* and the Fourth Symphony were also first played in that concert. However, the first time it was played in public  was not until a concert on 22 December 1808 at Vienna's Theater an der Wien. The concert was Beethoven's last time playing as a soloist with orchestra, as well as the first playings of the *Choral Fantasy* and the Fifth and Sixth symphonies. Beethoven dedicated the concerto to his friend and student, the Archduke Rudolph.

A writing in the 17 May 1809 edition of the *Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung* says that "[this concerto] is the most admirable, singular, artistic and complex Beethoven concerto ever". After its first performance, the piece was not well known until 1836, when it was changed by Felix Mendelssohn.

The first recording was done by York Bowen and made public by Vocalion in 1925. Today, the work is recorded often, and it is liked by people who go to concerts.

## Cadenzas 
Cadenzas for the Fourth Piano Concerto have been written many pianists and composers, such as: Beethoven (two separate sets of cadenzas), Johannes Brahms, Clara Schumann, Ferruccio Busoni, Hans von Bülow, Ignaz Moscheles, Camille Saint-Saëns, Anton Rubinstein, Wilhelm Kempff, Nikolai Medtner, Eugen d'Albert, Leopold Godowsky, Wilhelm Backhaus, Samuil Feinberg, Manuel M. Ponce, and more.

## Reception
, it was the second-most played piano concerto at Carnegie Hall, with 192 plays.

## References
## Other websites
*
* 
*Freed, Richard. Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major, Op. 58, program notes, Kennedy Center. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
*Program note by Thomas May, Kennedy Center
Agaricus

***Agaricus*** is a genus of mushrooms which includes edible benign and poisonous species, comprising possibly more than 300 species all over the world. Some popular species are such as *Agaricus bisporus* and *Agaricus campestris*.

## References 
## Other websites 
* MycoKey - The Genus Agaricus
* Mushroom Expert - The Genus Agaricus
* Varieties of California, USA on MYKOWEB.com
* *Agaricus* page at Index Fungorum 
* On-line nomenclature of Agaricus from Royal Botanic Garden, Madrid.  CSIC
EyeToy: Monkey Mania

***EyeToy: Monkey Mania*** is a party video game that was developed and published by Sony Computer Entertainment.
Telmatobius rimac

The **rimac water frog** (*Telmatobius rimac*) is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

## Home
This frog lives in streams, canals, and other water places in places with many streams. Scientists saw this frog between  2000 and 4000 meters above sea level in valleys between the Andes Mountains.

Scientists have seen this frog one protected park: Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve.

## Young
People see the radpoles swimming in streams that have plants growing in them.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in some danger of dying out.  Farms and houses put bad chemicals in the water. Scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis could kill this frog too. Human beings also catch this frog to eat, but scientists do not know if that puts the whole species in danger of dying out.

## References
Figment (Disney)

**Figment** is a Disney character. He is the mascot of the *Imagination!* pavilion at the Epcot theme park at Walt Disney World.

Figment was created by Disney Imagineer Tony Baxter.

## Characteristics 
Figment is a small purple dragon. He has large, bat-like wings, a long, curly tail and big yellow eyes. He is often depicted wearing a yellow and red shirt or jacket, representing the colors of Kodak, the pavilion's original sponsor.

## Original attraction 
On March 3, 1983, Figment made his first appearance in the *Journey into Imagination* attraction at Epcot. The attraction was designed to showcase the power of imagination and creativity. Guests boarded a "Dreamfinder" vehicle and traveled through a series of imaginative scenes, accompanied by the Dreamfinder and his friend Figment.

## Popularity 
Figment has become a staple of the Disney brand, and an icon of the Disney theme park experience. He appears in a variety of merchandise (from plush toys and t-shirts to coffee mugs and keychains), media (including books, comics, and even a television special), and attractions.

## References
1921 Canadian census

The **Canada 1921 census** was a census of the Canadian population. The census count was on at June 1, 1921. The total population count was 8,788,483. There was a 22% increase in population since the 1911 census population count of 7,206,643. The 1921 census was the 6th decennial census since Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867.

## Census summary
Information was collected on the these 5 things: 
# Population
# Agriculture
# Animals, animal products, fruits not on farms
# Manufacturing and trading
# Extra questions for people who were blind and deaf.

The five schedules had a total of 565 questions.

## Population by province 
The biggest population growth was in Prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Their populations increased by 47%.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  Includes links to 1921 Population Census Schedule and 1921 Enumerator Instructions.
* 
*
Piano Concerto No. 3 (Beethoven)

Beethoven's **Piano Concerto No. 3** in C minor, Op. 37 may have been created in 1800, although this has been argued by some musicologists. It was first played on 5 April 1803, with Beethoven as the soloist. On the same day, the Second Symphony and *Christ on the Mount of Olives* were also played for the first time. The work was made public in 1804 and was dedicated to Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia. The first theme is similar to that of Mozart's 24th Piano Concerto, also in C minor.

## Structure
The concerto was created for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in B, 2 bassoons, 2 horns in E, E and C, 2 trumpets in C, timpani, strings, and piano soloist.

As is normal for Classical/Romantic-era concertos, the work is in three movements:

## First performance
The piece was not finished when it was first played. Beethoven's friend Ignaz von Seyfried, who turned the pages of the music for him, wrote:

I saw almost nothing but empty pages; at the most, on one page or another a few Egyptian hieroglyphs wholly unintelligible to me were scribbled down to serve as clues for him; for he played nearly all the solo part from memory since, as was so often the case, he had not had time to set it all down on paper.

## References
## Other websites
*  
* Sheetmusic, Musopen
* , Program Notes on the Third Piano Concerto by Ron Drummond
Pale of Calais

The **Pale of Calais** was a territory in north France. It was ruled by the monarchs of England from 1347 to 1558. England took the area after the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the Siege of Calais. This led to the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360, in the reign of Edward III of England. It became an important area for England. The area had Flanders, which was important for textile trading.

The Pale also gave England a strategic outpost. From their they were able to have military action on the continent. Since it was on the English Channel, it was able to be reinforced over the Straits of Dover. The territory was bilingual. Both English and Flemish were spoken.

During the reign of Mary I of England, the Pale was retaken by the French in a siege in 1558. After that, the English textile trade moved to the Habsburg Netherlands.

## Related pages
* English claims to the French throne

## Notes
## References
Eurovision Song Contest 2004

The **Eurovision Song Contest 2004** was the 49th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. The semi-final took place on the 12 May and the grand final on 15 May 2004. The contest was held in Istanbul, Turkey, following their win at the 2003 contest with the song "Everyway That I Can" by Sertab Erener.

36 countries took part in the contest, with Albania, Andorra, Belarus & Serbia and Montenegro taking part for the first time ever, while Denmark, Finland, Lithuania, Macedonia, Monaco and Switzerland returned after their relegation in 2003.

The winner was Ukraine with the song "Wild Dances", performed by Ruslana.

## Location 
Istanbul is the largest city of Turkey. The venue was the Abdi İpekçi Arena.

## Participants 
## Overview 
### Semi-final 
The semi-final was held on 12 May 2005 at 21:00 (CET).

### Final 
The final was held on 15 May 2005 at 21:00 (CET)

## Official album 
***Eurovision Song Contest: Istanbul 2004*** was the official compilation album of the 2004 contest.

## References
Rockstar Vienna

**Rockstar Productions GmbH** (formerly **Neo Software Produktions GmbH** until 2003), trading as **Rockstar Vienna**, was an Austrian video game developer based in Vienna. The company was acquired by Take-Two Interactive (Rockstar's parent company) in 2001 and was passed down to Rockstar Games in 2003, when they rebranded as **Rockstar Vienna**.
It's Too Late to Worry

"'''It's Too Late to Worry'''" is a song recorded by American country music artist Jo Dee Messina.

## Music video
The video premiered on September 14, 2006 on CMT.
Zimbabwe men's national basketball team

The **Zimbabwe national basketball team** is the basketball team for Zimbabwe. It is run by the Basketball Union of Zimbabwe (BUZ). The team joined the International Basketball Federation in 1962. 

## References
Zimbabwe women's national basketball team

The '''Zimbabwe women's national basketball team''' is the women’s basketball team for Zimbabwe in international (between more than one country) competitions. It is run by the Basketball Union of Zimbabwe. 

## References
Young Americans (TV series)

***Young Americans*** is an American drama television show. it was made by Steven Antin. The show started on July 12, 2000. It was on The WB network. It was meant to take the place of another show called ''Dawson's Creek''. Young Americans was meant to start in the fall of 1999, but it was late because of a problem between Columbia TriStar and The WB. 

The show is about a boarding school. The main character cheats to get into the school so that he can get away from his abusive dad.

## References
Goas

**Goas** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in south France.

## References
Thèze

**Thèze** is the name of two communes in France:
* Thèze, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
* Thèze, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
The Last Temptation of Homer

"**The Last Temptation of Homer**" is the ninth episode of the fifth season of ***The Simpsons***. It first aired on December 9, 1993.

## Other websites 
*
*
Thorame-Basse

**Thorame-Basse** is a commune of 208 people (2022). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeast France.

## References
Larche, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

**Larche** is a former commune. It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeast France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Val-d'Oronaye.

## References