open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Avery Waddell

**Avery Kidd Waddell** is an African-American actor. He has acted in many movies and been a guest star on programs including *Law & Order*, *Angel* and *Weeds*. He has also been a voice actor in several video games. He has been in the movies *Road Trip* and *The New Guy*

## References
## Other websites
*
Aleksandr Viktorenko

**Aleksandr Stepanovich Viktorenko** (born March 29, 1947) is a former Soviet cosmonaut. He was born in Olginka, North-Kazakhstan Oblast, Kazakh SSR on March 29, 1947. He is married with two children.

He was selected as an cosmonaut on March 23, 1978, and retired on May 30, 1997. During his career he was Commander of Soyuz TM-3, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14./

## Honours and awards
* Hero of the Soviet Union
* Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd class {10 April 1995} - for courage and heroism during the long space flight on the orbital scientific research spacecraft *Mir* 
* Order of Friendship of Peoples {11 August 1992} - for  the spaceflight on the orbital scientific research spacecraft *Mir* and showing courage and heroism.
* Order of Lenin
* Commander of the Legion of Honour {March 1999}, previously an officer
* Pilot-cosmonaut of the Soviet Union

## References
Addison's disease

'''Addison's disease**, also known as **primary adrenal insufficiency** or **hypoadrenalism''' is a rare and chronic endocrine disorder of the adrenal glands. It is named after its discoverer Thomas Addison.

The adrenal glands are 2 small glands that sit on top of the kidneys. They produce 2 essential hormones: cortisol and aldosterone. Addison's disease is when the body does not produce enough of the hormone called cortisol or aldosterone because the adrenal gland is damaged. A medicine called hydrocortisone is usually used to replace the cortisol. Other possible medicines are prednisolone or dexamethasone, although these are less commonly used.

Treatment usually involves corticosteroid (steroid) replacement therapy for life. Corticosteroid medicine is used to replace the hormones cortisol and aldosterone that the body no longer produces. It is usually taken in tablet form 2 or 3 times a day.

Some people take dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to improve their stamina or libido (sex drive).

## Related pages 
* type 1 diabetes and diabetes insipidus
* hypothyroidism
* corticosteroid
* adrenal gland

## References
Yalata, South Australia

**Yalata** is an Aboriginal community on the coast of South Australia. It is about  west of Ceduna. The reserve, Yalata Aboriginal Land, covers  and spans about  of the Eyre Highway. It is one of 74 local government areas in South Australia.

The people who originally live in this region are Wirangu and Mirning. However, most of the people who live at Yalata are Pitjantjatjara, who originally come from the north (Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara). They speak a southern dialect of the Pitjantjatjara language. This is spoken as a first language in most homes (58% in 2006). The other groups making up the land's traditional owners are the Kokatha, Yankunytjatjara, Antakirinja, Pindiini and Ngalea, which are all nations of the Western Desert. This second move was done because of nuclear-weapon tests being done at Maralinga and Emu Field. The title to the lands around Maralinga (Maralinga Tjarutja) was given back to the Aboriginal people by the South Australian Parliament in December 1984. People from Yalata and further inland resettled on the land in 1995.

A total of 82% of residents identify their main religion as Lutheran.

## References
## Other websites
*Yalata Community 
*Yalata Indigenous Protected Area 
*Atlas of South Australia
Elizabeth Barrett Browning

**Elizabeth Barrett Browning**, born on 6 March 1806, was an English poet of the Victorian era. She began writing poetry at the age of six. She was born in Kelloe, County Durham. Her parents were Edward Barrett Moulton Barrett and Mary Graham Clarke. 

Her first adult collection of poems was published in 1838 and she wrote prolifically between 1841 and 1844. Elizabeth's volume Poems of Sonnets (1844) brought her great success, attracting the admiration of the writer Robert Browning, which led to their marriage. She also made efforts to abolish slavery and child labour.

She died on 29 June 1861 in Florence, Italy (where she was living with her husband) at the age of 55. She suffered from many illnesses from the age of 15.

## References
Iqbal Park

**Iqbal Park** is a park in Lahore, Pakistan. It was called **Minto Park** during British Indian times. It is named after *Allama* Sir Muhammad Iqbal, the National Poet of Pakistan. In the All India Muslim Leagues session of 21-24 March 1940, which was held here, the famous Lahore Resolution was passed. This led to the eventual creation of independent Pakistan in 1947. This event is remembered in this park, by the structure of the *Minar-e-Pakistan* (Pakistan Tower/Minaret), which is visited by many people every year.
Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling

The **Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling** is the Oscar given to the best achievement in makeup and hair-styling for movies. Usually, only three movies are nominated each year rather than five as in most categories.

In 2012, the category was renamed to Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling.

## Special Achievement Awards 
Before 1981, Special Achievement Oscars were twice awarded to makeup artists for their work on a specific movie:
* **1964** - **William J. Tuttle** for ***7 Faces of Dr. Lao***
* **1968** - **John Chambers** for ***Planet of the Apes***

## Hairstylists
Starting in 1993, the award is to be shared with hairstylists if hair effects "contribute greatly to the appearance and effect of the characters".

## Winners and nominees
The winners are in bold text with a blue background.

### 1980s
### 1990s
### 2000s
### 2010s
## Related pages
* BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair

## References
Philip Mason

**Philip Mason** (also known by his pseudonym of **Philip Woodruff**) OBE (19 March 1906 – 25 January 1999) was a civil servant in British India and the author (under his pen-name) of a well-known book, *The Men Who Ruled India*.
Wah

**Wah** is a village in Attock District of North Punjab, Pakistan. It is famous for the old Pleasure Gardens there dating from the Mughal Empire, and for being the birthplace of a former Governor and Chief Minister of the Punjab during British Indian times, Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan. 

Wah Cantonment is a large military garrison and township nearby.
A Good Day to Die Hard

***A Good Day to Die Hard*** (also called ***Die Hard 5***) is an American action thriller movie starring Bruce Willis as John McClane and is the fifth film in the *Die Hard* series. The setting is Russia, in which country McClane's son uncovers a terrorist plot. Mary Elizabeth Winstead plays McClane's daughter Lucy. The releasing date in the United States is February 14, 2013.

## Other websites
*
Unionist Party (Punjab)

The **Unionist Party (Punjab)** was a centre-right wing political party of the Punjab, British India. It was founded by Sir Fazli Husain, Sir Chotu Ram and Sir Sikandar Hayat Khanin 1923 and basically represented the Punjabi *zamindar* (rural/agrarian)interests. The party was secular in nature and believed in a strong and united Punjabi entity, bringing together Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and other communities of this province, 

Under the leadership of Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, the party won the general elections of 1936 and formed a coalition government along with the Indian National Congress and Sikh Akali Dal from 1937 onwards. However, in October 1937, the Muslim members in the party were also allowed to merge with the All India Muslim League by an agreement reached between Sir Sikandar and Mr Muhammad Ali Jinnah at Lucknow. This famous agreement was called the Jinnah-Sikandar Pact.
Black rhinoceros

The **black rhinoceros** (*Diceros bicornis*), is a species of rhinoceros. It lives in eastern and central Africa including Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Angola. The black rhinoceros is not actually black, but dark. It is a browser, with lips that help eating from low branches.

## Rhinoceros and oxpeckers
There is a type of bird called an oxpecker in English that likes to sit on the rhino's back and eat insects and other small animals that bite the rhino's skin.  Because the birds also peck at the rhinos' skins with their beaks and hurt it, scientists wondered why the rhinos do not shake the birds off their backs.  One team of scientists from California State University and Victoria University in Australia found that the black rhinoceros listens for the noises the oxpecker makes.  Rhinoceros cannot see well but oxpeckers can.  Oxpeckers make a noise when they see humans nearby that is different from their other noises.  The rhinos hear this noise and then either look for the human or run away.  The scientists performed an experiment: A human would slowly walk toward a rhino.  Rhinos without oxpeckers on their backs only noticed the human one out of five times, but rhinos with oxpeckers noticed the human every time and from much further away.  The scientists wondered if bringing flocks of oxpeckers to groups of rhinoceros without them would help the rhinos avoid human hunters.

The scientists had the idea for this experiment because the Swahili language word for oxpecker is "Askari wa kifaru," which means "the rhino's guard" in English.  One of the scientists said it was important to listen to indigenous peoples when studying things in the places where those people live. "We too often dismiss the importance of indigenous people and their observations," said ecologist Roan Plotz, who worked on this study. "While western science has been incredibly useful, there are many insights we can learn from indigenous communities."
## Threats
Black rhinoceros is currently one of the endangered species and is on the verge of extinction in Africa.There has been approximately 96% decline in its population and one of the major causes for its extinction is habitat destruction and encroachment.

## References
Jeremy Roenick

**Jeremy Shaffer "J.R." Roenick** (born January 17, 1970 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a retired American professional ice hockey center that played in the National Hockey League. Roenick was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks with the 8th overall pick in the 1988 NHL Draft.

Roenick played in the NHL for five teams, Chicago Blackhawks from 1988 to 1996, Phoenix Coyotes from 1996 to 2001, Philadelphia Flyers from 2001 to 2005, Los Angeles Kings from 2005 to 2006, another stint with the Phoenix Coyotes from 2006 to 2007 and the San Jose Sharks from 2007 to 2009.

## Achievements and awards
*He was named to the QMJHL Second All-Star Team in 1989.
*He was named the tournament all-star in the 1989 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.
*He was the leading scorer in the 1989 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.
*He played in 9 NHL All-Star Games in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004.
*He was named to the All Tournament Team in the 1991 Canada Cup.
*He held the NHL Skills Competition record for shooting accuracy in 2004 which he shared with Ray Bourque, Mark Messier, Tomas Kaberle, Evgeni Malkin, Daniel Sedin and Dany Heatley.
*He scored his 500th career goal on November 10, 2007 against the Phoenix Coyotes and was the third American-born player to do so.
*He was ranked 4th in IGNs: The Top Ten Athletes in Video Games.
*He was the 2nd All-Time American point producer in World Junior Championship history. 
*He was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 2010.
*He was inducted into the Phoenix Coyotes Ring of Honor in 2012.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*
Yi Kwang-su

**Yi Kwang-su** (, 4 March 1892 – 25 October 1950) was a famous Korean independence activist, writer and poet. He was also called **Chunwon** (), **Goju**(), which were his nicknames.

## Life 
### Early years 
Yi was 11 years old when his both parents died from cholera, and he was orphaned. He was moved to Seoul, and through money given by anomymous benefactors, Yi was able to study overseas in Japan in 1906. He studied at Taisey Middle School and Meiji University. During that time, he started writing novels and poetry.

### Writing and independence movement 
In 1910, Yi returned to Korea and started teaching at Oshan Elementary School (; ). He resigned (left his job) in 1915. In 1916, he studied overseas again in Japan, entering Waseda University, but he dropped out in his third year. In 1918, he went into political exile in Sanghai because of his involvement with Korean independence movements and New Korea Youngman Praty (; ). In 1919, he was a functionary of Provisional Gavement of Korea (; ).

Yi returned to Korea in 1919. He concentrated on writing novels and poems. During the 1930s, he was a reporter and journalist for *Dong ah Il-bo*, *Maeil Sinmun* and *The Chosun*.

### Later years 
Yi was an agent and a follower of Ahn Chang-ho, and was part of his group of officers, Heungsadan, in 1922. In 1938, he was imprisoned in Seodaemun Prison for one year before being released. Yi retired in 1944. He died in 1950, from tuberculosis and lung disease. He was aged 58.

## Works 
* Eorin Huisaeng ()
* Mujong ()
* Jaesaeng ()
* Sonyunui Biae ()
* Gaechukja ()
* Mumyong ()
* Heuq ()
* Crownprince Maui ()
* Danjongaesa ()
* Youjong ()
* Sarang ()
* Sejo of Joseon ()
* Wife of Revolusionist ()
* Aeyokuipiahn ()
* Halmum ()
* Gashil ()
* Nauigobaek ()

### Historical books 
* Wonhyodaesa ()
* Death of Yichadon ()
* biography Yi Sunsin ()
* biography Ahn Changho ()

## See other 
* Ahn Chang-ho
* Yun Chi-ho
* Kim Kyu-sik

## References 
* Yi Kwang-su 
* Mujong (The Heartless) 
* Yi Gwang-su: Pro-Japanese? 
* Queering Korean Literature: Author and Activist Yi Gwang-su  
* Yi Kwang-su:britannica  
* 이광수의 문학 세계  
* 민족 개조론
Sarus crane

, India)]]

The **sarus crane** (*Antigone antigone*) is a large crane that lives in the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia and Australia. It does not migrate.  It is the tallest bird in the world that can fly. It can grow to 1.8&nbsp;m (5.9&nbsp;ft) tall. Its wing can reach 2.4 metres (8 ft) from tip to tip.  It can weigh 8.4 kg (18.5 lb). It lives in open wetlands.

## Appearance and habitat
It is easy to tell the sarus crane apart from other cranes that live in the same places. The sarus crane is grey in colour with a red head and part of the neck. The sarus crane looks for food in marshes and shallow wetlands.  

It eats roots, tubers, insects, crustaceans, and small vertebrate prey. Like other cranes, the sarus crane forms long-lasting  and holds territories. There they perform territorial and courtship displays which include loud trumpeting, leaps and dance-like movements.

It lives in wetlands, and in agricultural lands close to humans. Elsewhere, the species has been eliminated in many parts of its former range.

The main breeding season is during the rainy season, when the pair builds an enormous nest "island", a circular platform of reeds and grasses about two meters in diameter and high enough to stay above the water. 

## Threats
There are fewer sarus cranes than there were a hundred years ago. The cranes alive today are perhaps 2.5% of the numbers that existed in the 1850s. The stronghold of the species is Rajasthan, India.

## References 
## Other websites 
* International Crane Foundation: Sarus Crane, *Grus antigone* . Retrieved 2007-FEB-22.
* Sarus Crane (International Crane Foundation) 
* Sarus Crane (*Grus antigone*) from *Cranes of the World* (1983) by Paul Johnsgard
Born in the U.S.A. (song)

"**Born in the U.S.A.**" is a rock music song by Bruce Springsteen. The song appears on Springsteen's 1984 album, *Born in the U.S.A.*. The song was recorded in May 1982. It became the biggest hit of his career. *Rolling Stone* ranked the song 275th on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". The song is about the effects of the Vietnam War, but is often interpreted as a patriotic or nationalistic anthem.

## Other websites 
* Lyrics
Shalimar Gardens Lahore

The **Shalimar Gardens** in Lahore are formal gardens laid out in Mughal style, near Lahore city, in Pakistan. 

## Related pages 
* List of botanical gardens
Brett Salisbury

**Brett Jon Salisbury C.S.N.,C-3** (born October 11, 1968 in Dayton, Ohio) is a former college football quarterback at University of Oregon, Brigham Young University, and Wayne State College. He is also the author of *The Transform Diet* and the 2024 book *The Transform Bible*. Salisbury shows in the new book how Kaposi's sarcoma is confused with HIV diagnoses.
## References
## Other websites
*
Common crane

The **common crane** (*Grus grus*), also known as the **Eurasian crane**, is a bird of the family **Gruidae**, the cranes. It is a medium-sized species, and classified as of least concern.

## References
Academy Award for Best Original Score

The **Academy Award for Original Score** is given to the best body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring that is written specifically for a movie.

## Winners and nominees
### 1930s
### 1940s
### 1950s
### 1960s
### 1970s
### 1980s
### 1990s
### 2000s
### 2010s
### 2020s
## Notes
## References
Sasamuta Shrine

is a Japanese Shinto shrine in Ōita, Ōita on the island of Kyushu.

## History
*Sasamuta* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of the old Bungo Province.  It serves today as one of the *ichinomiya* of Oita Prefecture.  
  This place is special to the *kami* named 

## References
## Other websites
Chris Miller (quarterback)

**Christopher James Miller** (b August 9, 1965 in Pomona, California) is a former American football player. He was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the 1st round (13th overall) of the 1987 NFL Draft. 

Concussions stopped him from playing longer. After he had five concussions in 14 months, he left the NFL in 1995. He returned to the NFL in 1999 but a concussion while playing with the Denver Broncos in that year made him decide to retire for good. He was made a member of the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 2005.

He was the quarterbacks coach for the Arizona Cardinals.

## References
Immersion (mathematics)

immersed in three-dimensional space.]]
In differential geometry, an **immersion** is a function that maps one manifold into another. Immersions are only possible if the manifolds have certain properties.
Anseriformes

The order **Anseriformes** contains about 150 living species of birds in four families: the Anhimidae (the screamers), Anseranatidae (the Magpie goose), the Anatidae, which includes over 140 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans and the †Vegavidae, containing the sole genus *Vegavis*.

All species in the order are highly adapted to live at the water surface. All are web-footed for good swimming. While most live on water, some live mainly on land.
Rip Torn

**Elmore Rual "Rip" Torn** (February 6, 1931 – July 9, 2019) was an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who was known for his role as Chief Zed in *Men in Black* and in *Men in Black II*. He won an Emmy Award in 1996 for his role as Artie on the television series *The Larry Sanders Show*.

Torn was born on February 6, 1931 in Temple, Texas. He studied at Texas A&M University. Torn was married to Ann Wedgeworth from 1955 until they divorced in 1961. Then he was married to Geraldine Page from 1963 until her death in 1987. He married Amy Wright in 1989. He had six children.

Torn died on July 9, 2019 at his home in Lakeville, Connecticut from Alzheimer's disease-related problems at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
David Hyde Pierce

**David Hyde Pierce** (born April 3, 1959) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He is known for his role as Dr. Niles Crane in *Frasier*. He won four Emmy Awards for his role as Dr. Niles Crane and also won two Screen Actors Guild Award, a TCA Award, and a Tony Award.

Pierce was born on April 3, 1959 in Saratoga Springs, New York. He studied at Yale University. Pierce is openly gay. He has been married to Brian Hargrove since 2008.

## Filmography 
## References
## Other websites
* 
*
St Hugh's College, Oxford

'''St Hugh's College''' is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford, named after St Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln. It is located on a fourteen and a half acre site to the north of the city centre. It was founded in 1886 as a college for women, and its first male students were admitted in its centenary year in 1986. It has a reputation as one of the more attractive colleges because of its extensive, pleasant gardens. The college celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2011. The college has 418 undergraduates and 205 postgraduate students. The Principal is Elish Angiolini.

## Alumni
* Aung San Suu Kyi
* Theresa May
* Ghil'ad Zuckermann

## References
## Websites
*Homepage
Missi Pyle

**Andrea Kay "Missi" Pyle** (born November 16, 1972) is an American movie, television, stage, voice actress and singer. She was in the movies *Charlie and the Chocolate Factory*, *Big Fish*, *A Cinderella Story Once Upon a Song*, *Galaxy Quest*, *The Artist* and in *Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story*. 

Pyle was born on November 16, 1972 in Houston, Texas. She studied at the North Carolina School of the Arts and at Germantown High School. Pyle was married to Antonio Sacre from 2000 until they divorced in 2005. She married Casey Anderson in 2008. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Yusufzai

The **Yusufzai** (also spelt **Yousafzai** and also known as **Esapzai** or **Yūsufī**) are a large Pashtun tribe inhabiting several areas in Afghanistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. At present, a young girl, Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan is the best known member of this tribe globally. 

## History
The Yusufzai tribe were originally from Kandahār where they migrated from to their main area today being the Kunar, Peshawar and Swat valleys. They are a fiercely independent tribe who did not accept the rule and fought off the powers of  the Mongols, Mughals, British, Soviets and Americans. 

## Well-known people
* Sami Yousafzai, Afghan journalist
* Abdul Ghafoor Yusufzai, Afghan football player
* Ahmad Yusufzai, Afghan field hockey player

## Related pages
* Ghilzai
* Durrani
Coolio

**Artis Leon Ivey Jr.** (August 1, 1963 – September 28, 2022), known professionally as **Coolio**, was an American rapper.

Coolio recorded his first single in 1987, with the title “Whatcha Gonna Do?”. He is best known for his song "''Gangsta's Paradise''". It was released on the album of the same name. The song won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance, two MTV Video Music Award's for Best Rap Video and for Best Video from a Film and a Billboard Music Award for the song and album. Coolio also sang the theme song "Aw, Here It Goes" for the Nickelodeon television show Kenan & Kel.

Coolio died on September 28, 2022 at his home in Los Angeles, aged 59. The cause of death was from an accidental overdose of fentanyl, heroin, and methamphetamine.

## Discography
### Studio albums
Coolio has released 8 studio albums:

## References
## Other websites
* Coolio's Official website
*
Erin Crocker

in 2008]]
**Erin Crocker** (born March 23, 1981) is a former race car driver. She first raced in the World of Outlaws, and won five races, earning her the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame Outstanding Newcomer Award. In 2004, Crocker became a driver for Ford Motor Company's driver development program. In 2005, she joined Evernham Motorsports, and raced in the ARCA/REMAX Series, before joining NASCAR. At Dover International Speedway, Crocker cracked a rib, and had to sit out some races. In 2006, Crocker drove full-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. One year later, Crocker became involved in a group of lawsuits between Ray Evernham and Jeremy Mayfield, who blamed the team's trouble on Evernham's relationship with a female driver. Crocker later told ESPN that her relationship with Evernham has hurt her racing career. Crocker and Evernham later married. In 2007, Crocker left Evernham Motorsports, and raced in two races for Morgan-Dollar Motorsports, before being replaced by A. J. Allmendinger and Scott Speed. She later became a broadcaster for SPEED.

## Sources
Steve Larmer

**Steven Donald Larmer** (born June 16, 1961 in Peterborough, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger who played in National Hockey League. Larmer was drafted by the Chicago Black Hawks with the 120th overall pick in the 1980 NHL Draft.

Larmer played in the NHL for two teams, the Chicago Blackhawks from 1980 to 1993 and the New York Rangers from 1993 to 1995.

## Achievements and awards
*He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team in 1983.
*He won the Calder Trophy in 1983.
*He played in the NHL All-star games in 1990 and 1991.
*He was a member of the Canada Cup team for Canada in 1991.
*He won the Stanley Cup with the New York Rangers in 1994.
*He scored his 1000th point on March 8, 1995.
*He played in his 1000th game on April 20, 1995.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Alexander Ross

**Alexander Ross** may be:

* Alexander Ross (writer) (c. 1590–1654), vicar; Scottish author of *Medicus Medicatus*
* Alexander Ross (civil servant) (1800–1889), British civil servant in India
* Alexander Milton Ross (1832–1897), Canadian abolitionist
* Alexander Ross (fur trader) (1783–1856), Canadian fur trader
* Alexander McKenzie Ross (1805–1862), British engineer
* Alexander Ross (engineer) (1845–1923), Scottish railway engineer
* Alexander Peter Ross (1833–?), Canadian politician
* Alexander Ross (politician) (1829–1900), Canadian politician
* Alexander Ross (rower), New Zealand rower
* Alexander Henry Ross (1829–1888), British barrister and Conservative politician
* Alexander Charles Ross (1847–1921), business executive and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada
* Alexander Charles Ross (1847–1921), Canadian politician
* Alexander Coffman Ross, author of the 1840 campaign song "Tippecanoe and Tyler too"
Swatis

The **Swatis** () are a tribe  inhabiting the Hazara region in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Most of the Swatis speak Pashtubut some also speak hindku.

## Notable Swatis
*

## References
Alexander Ross (writer)

**Alexander Ross** (c. 1590–1654) was a Scottish writer.  He wrote many books.  One of his most important works was complete translation of the Qur'an into English.

He was vicar of St. Mary's Church, Carisbrooke in the Isle of Wight from 1634 to his death.

## Other websites
*The Alcoran of Mahomet (first edition 1946, London, printed, Anno Dom.), first edition online

## References
Van Johnson

**Van Johnson** (**Charles Van Dell Johnson**, August 25, 1916 &ndash; December 12, 2008) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, singer, and dancer who is known for his roles in *30 Seconds over Tokyo*, *A Guy Named Joe* and in *The Caine Mutiny*.

Johnson was born on August 25, 1916 in Newport, Rhode Island. He was married to Eve Lynn Abbott Wynn from 1947 until they divorced in 1968. He has 1 child with Wynn and two step-children. Johnson died on December 12, 2008 from natural causes in his Nyack, New York home, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Qardaha

in Qardaha]]
**Qardaha** () is a small town in northwestern Syria. It is the capital of the Qardaha District. It is the birthplace of former Syrian President Hafez al-Assad and inhabited exclusively by Alawites.

## Weather

*Source #3* **Climate Zone** (Rainy and snowy days)&nbsp;

## References
Gruiformes

The **Gruiformes** are an order with many living and extinct bird families, and a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like".

The Gruiformes evolved early, long before the passerine songbirds which are the most common birds today. The Gruiform radiation in the Palaeocene and Eocene produced a large variety of medium to large-sized birds. Many of them still prefer the watery habitats which were so common early in the Cainozoic era.

Cranes and rails are the core of the Gruiformes. Also often added are a large number of difficult-to-place birds like the huge *Diatryma* and *Phorusrhacos*.
Mohammed Hanif

**Mohammed Hanif** (born November 1964) is a Pakistani writer and novelist in English, who is best known for his award-winning novel, *A Case of Exploding Mangos* (2008).

## References
Kamila Shamsie

**Kamila Shamsie** (born 1973) is a Pakistani novelist who writes in the English language. She was brought up in Karachi, Pakistan, and attended the Karachi Grammar School.

She has a BA degree in Creative Writing from Hamilton College, and an MFA from the MFA Program for Poets and Writers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.

## Books
* *Burnt Shadows* (novel) - 1999
* *In The City By The Sea* (novel)
* *Kartography* (novel)
* *Salt and Saffron* (novel)
* *Broken Verses* (novel)
* *Offence: The Muslim Case*

## References
St. Luke's Church, Abbottabad

'''St. Luke's Church, Abbottabad''' is an Anglican church dedicated to St. Luke, now under the jurisdiction of the Peshawar Diocese of the Church of Pakistan. It was originally founded in the town of Abbottabad, British India,  in 1864.

## History
The work on the construction of St Luke's commenced in 1854-55, with initial delays due to slow fund-raising and then a brief interruption due to the Indian War of Independence (or Indian Mutiny) and it was completed and then consecrated by the Bishop of Calcutta in October 1864. Its jurisdiction covered most of the Hazara region including Abbottabad, Haripur, Mansehra and the Galyat hill tracts. The Old Christian Cemetery Abbottabad, which was already existing, was also attached to it.

## After 1947
From June 1947 to April 1948, as a result of the Partition disturbances at the time of the Independence of India and Pakistan, St Luke's was shut down. Regular services only resumed in 1951. In 1970, the Church of Pakistan was established via a union of Anglicans, Scottish Presbyterians (Church of Scotland), United Methodists and Lutherans.  Thereafter, St Luke's was formally placed under its new Peshawar Diocese. Since then, full-time clerics have been appointed here to minister to the local congregation.
Church of Pakistan

The **Church of Pakistan** is a united church in Pakistan, which is part of the Anglican Communion and also a member church of the World Methodist Council. It was established in 1970 with a union of Anglicans, Scottish Presbyterians (Church of Scotland), United Methodists, and Lutherans. 

## Dioceses
The Church is divided into eight administrative and organisational units, called dioceses. Each diocese has a number of parishes within its jurisdiction. Each diocese is presided over by a bishop, who sits at the diocesan head office, usually located in the district capital.
St. John's Church (Jhelum)

'''St. John's Church''',  is an Anglican church in Jhelum. It is now under the Church of Pakistan, in Jhelum cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan. It is by the bank of the Jhelum River. It was built in 1860 during the British Raj. It is a landmark of the city.
Andrés Segovia

. Concert guitar of Andrés Segovia from 1937 until 1962. Gift of Emilita Segovia, Marquesa of Salobreña, 1986, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art]]

**Andrés Segovia Torres, 1st Marquis of Salobreña** (21 February 1893 – 2 June 1987), was a virtuoso Spanish classical guitarist from Linares, Jaén, Andalucia, Spain. He was always known as Andrés Segovia. 

He was one of the best known and most influential classical guitar personalities of the 20th century. He had a big influence on later guitarists, because of his performances and recordings, and his masterclasses. Important guitar works were dedicated to him by composers such as Federico Moreno Torroba.

Segovia led the development of the Spanish guitar as an instrument for classical art music. As well as works dedicated to him by modern composers, he also transcribed classical works originally written for other instruments. He is remembered for his expressive performances: his wide palette of tone, and his distinctive (often instantly recognizable) musical personality in tone, phrasing and style. 

Segovia was especially fond of the compositions of the Brazilian musician Heitor Villa-Lobos. In the 1920s, Segovia met Villa-Lobos and commissioned a guitar study: the composer responded with a set of twelve, each taking a tiny detail or figure from Brazilian chorões (itinerant street musicians). 

Two films were made of his life and work. They are available on DVD called *Andrés Segovia  in Portrait*. His final RCA LP record (ARL1-1602), *Reveries*, was recorded in Madrid in June 1977.
In 1984, Segovia was the subject of a thirteen part series broadcast on National Public Radio, USA, entitled *Segovia!* The series was recorded on location in Spain, France, and the United States.

## References
Faiz Ahmad Faiz

**Faiz Ahmad Faiz**  ( 13 February 1911 – 20 November 1984) NI, was an influential left-wing Urdu poet and intellectual from Pakistan. A notable member of the Progressive Writers' Movement (PWM), Faiz was an avowed Marxist and was a recipient of the Lenin Peace Prize awarded by the Soviet Union in 1962. Despite being repeatedly accused of atheism by the political and military establishment, Faiz's poetry, very popular amongst the masses,  suggested his complicated relationship with religion in general and Islam in particular.

## Related pages
* List of notable Lahoris

## References
Segovia (disambiguation)

**Segovia** is a city in Spain.

**Segovia** may also refer to:

* Andrés Segovia, guitarist
* Segovia Province, Spain
* Segovia (Spanish Congress Electoral District)
* Segovia River, Honduras
St Philip's Church (Hyderabad)

'''St Philip's Church''' is a Protestant (Anglican) church in Hyderabad, Sindh, in Pakistan. The church is administered by the Diocese of Hyderabad of the Church of Pakistan.
Charadriiformes

**Charadriiformes** is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 350 species. It has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiformes live near water and eat invertebrates or other small animals. However, some are pelagic (sea birds), some occupy deserts, and a few are found in thick forest.

## Families in taxonomic order
This is a list of the charadriiform families, presented in taxonomic order.
* **Suborder Scolopaci**: snipe-like waders
** Family Scolopacidae: snipe, sandpipers, phalaropes, and allies
* **Suborder Thinocori**: aberrant charadriforms
** Family Rostratulidae: painted snipe
** Family Jacanidae: jacanas
** Family Thinocoridae: seedsnipe
** Family Pedionomidae: Plains Wanderer
* **Suborder Lari**:  gulls and allies
** Family Laridae: gulls
** Family Rhynchopidae: skimmers
** Family Sternidae: terns
** Family Alcidae: puffins, guillemots, murres, and allies
** Family Stercorariidae: skuas
** Family Glareolidae: pratincoles and coursers
** Family Dromadidae: Crab Plover
* **Suborder Turnici**:  buttonquails
** Family Turnicidae: buttonquails
* **Suborder Chionidi**:  thick-knees and allies
** Family Burhinidae: thick-knees
** Family Chionididae: sheathbills
** Family Pluvianellidae: Magellanic Plover
* **Suborder Charadrii**: plover-like waders
** Family Ibidorhynchidae: Ibisbill
** Family Recurvirostridae: avocets and stilts
** Family Haematopodidae: oystercatchers
** Family Charadriidae: plovers and lapwings
Gérard Férey

**Gérard Férey** (14 July 1941 – 19 August 2017) was a French chemist. He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences, teacher at the *Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines*. He is specialized in the physical chemistry of solids and materials.

In September 2010, he received the CNRS Gold medal, the highest French scientific distinctions.

## Biography 
Gerard Férey was a lecturer at the University of Maine.  In 1968, he founded the Department of Chemistry at Le Mans. He obtains his doctoral at the Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University in 1977.

He was a teacher at the University of Maine from 1981 to 1996 and the at the *Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines* since that date. From 1988 to 1992 he was deputy director of the Department of Chemistry at the French National Centre for Scientific Research.

He was elected to the Academia Europaea in 1994  and to the French Academy of Sciences the 18th of November 2003.

## Awards 
* CNRS Gold medal (2010)
* Chevalier of the Legion of Honour
* Officier *Ordre des Palmes Académiques*
* Officier of the *Ordre national du Mérite*

## References
Karl Mannheim

**Karl Mannheim** (27 March 1893 - 9 January 1947), or **Károly Mannheim** in original writing of his name, was a Hungarian-German sociologist and social scientist.  He was influential in the first half of the 20th century.  He is one of the founding fathers of classicial sociology as well as a founder of the sociology of knowledge.

## Life
Mannheim was born in Budapest. He studied there as well as in Berlin, Paris and Heidelberg. In Budapest, at the University of Budapest, he earned a doctorate in philosophy. In 1914 he attended lectures by Georg Simmel. During the brief period of the Hungarian Soviet in 1919 he taught in a teacher-training school thanks to the patronage and his friend and mentor György Lukács.

## Legacy
Mannheim's book *Ideologie und Utopie* (1929) was the most widely debated book by a living sociologist in Germany during the Weimar Republic; the English version *Ideology and Utopia* (1936) has been a standard in American-style international academic sociology, carried by the interest it aroused in the U.S.A. The German and English versions of the book are quite different.  This has led to reappraisals of Mannheim started by new texual discoveries and republications. Mannheim's sociological theorizing has been the subject of many book-length studies, evidence of an international interest in his principal themes. Mannheim was not an author of any work he himself considered a finished book, but rather of some fifty major essays and treatises.  Most of these were later published in book form.

## Related pages
*List of sociologists from Europe

## References
Neon Indian

**Neon Indian** is a music group from Denton, Texas. 

The band's first album was *Psychic Chasms*.  It had many favorable reviews.  It was named Best New Music and 14th best album of 2009 by Pitchfork Media. The *Rolling Stone* magazine called Neon Indian one of the hottest new bands of 2010.

On February 11, 2010, Neon Indian was on national television for the first time.  They played on NBC's Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.

## Discography
### Albums 
### Singles 
*2009: "Deadbeat Summer"  (2009 Top 20 Underground/Indie Pop Charts)"
*2010: "6669 (I Don't Know If You Know)" (Indie/Underground radio airplay - January 2010)
*2010: "Sleep Paralysist" **  (March 2010)
*2011: "Fall Out" (July–August 2011)
*2011: "Polish Girl" (August 2011)
*2012: "Hex Girlfriend" (March 2012)
 (''This single was written and recorded with Chris Taylor from Grizzly Bear for Mountain Dew's Green Label Sound Series)''

## References
Pipe bomb

A **pipe bomb** is a kind of explosive bomb.  It is made from a pipe filled with an explosive material.

In many countries making or having a pipe bomb is a serious crime.

## Notable incidents
* On 4 May 1886 a pipe bomb was thrown during a rally at Haymarket Square in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It reached a police line and exploded, killing policeman Mathias J. Degan.
* On 27 July 1996 Eric Rudolph used a pipe bomb in the Centennial Olympic Park bombing during the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It killed two people and injured 111.
* On 25 July 1997, during the July 1997 riots in Northern Ireland, a well-known loyalist was found dead in Belfast. He is thought to have died in a premature pipe bomb explosion at an arms dump.
* On 5 June 1999 a Protestant civilian was killed when a pipe bomb was thrown through the window of her house in Portadown, Northern Ireland. She was married to a Catholic man. Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) members were blamed, although the group said they were not responsible.
* On 20 April 1999 Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold used pipe bombs during the Columbine High School massacre.
* On 11 November 2001 an Ulster Defence Association (UDA) member died in a premature pipe bomb explosion during a riot in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
* On 3 January 2002 another UDA member died in a premature pipe bomb explosion in Coleraine, Northern Ireland.
* On 10 August 2006 four pipe bombs were found in and around the city of Salem, Oregon, United States. Some suspected a "serial pipe bomber" was at fault. A man was later arrested and charged.
* On 11 December 2010 a suicide bomber used one out of six pipe bombs close to a major shopping district in Stockholm, Sweden.  It killed the man and no one else. The incident is known as the 2010 Stockholm bombings.
* In January 2011 a potentially deadly pipe bomb was found along the route of a Martin Luther King Jr. memorial march in Spokane, Washington. The bomb was stopped and no one died.

## References
Juggalo

A **Juggalo** is someone who listens to Psychopathic Records and or likes Insane Clown Posse. They usually drink a drink called Faygo.

The name started at a 1994 concert by Insane Clown Posse.  In the song "The Juggla", Violent J called the audience "Juggalos".  It became popular.  They wrote the songs "What Is a Juggalo?" and "Down with The Clown" for their 1997 album *The Great Milenko*.

The **Gathering of the Juggalos** is a yearly festival put on by Psychopathic Records.  It has performances by the entire label as well as many well-known musical groups and underground artists. It was started by Robert Bruce, Insane Clown Posse, and their label in 2000.

## References
Black hat

**Black hat** may refer to:

* Black hat (film), a movie's villain or bad guy, especially one that actually wears a black hat
* Black hat hacking, Internet slang for someone breaking computer or Internet security
* Black Hat Briefings,  a computer security conference
* the Iron Brigade, also known as the Black Hat Brigade, an infantry brigade during the American Civil War
* "Black Hat" Lamas, a term used in Buddhism, in reference to the Black Crown worn by the Karmapa
* Haredi Jews, whose men wear black hats and coats
* *Fear of a Black Hat*, a 1994 American mockumentary movie
Canada goose

The **Canada goose** (*Branta canadensis*) is a wild goose with a black head and neck, white patches on the face, and a brownish-gray body. Native to arctic and temperate regions of North America, it is occasionally found in northern Europe, and has been introduced to other temperate regions. There are a number of subspecies.
Ole Miss Rebels

The **Ole Miss Rebels** are the sports team for the University of Mississippi.  They were first named the "Mississippi Flood".  They were renamed the **Rebels** in 1936.

The school's colors are cardinal red and navy blue.  This is meant to be the same as the school colors of Harvard and Yale.

Ole Miss' major athletic rivals are with the Mississippi State Bulldogs (MSU), the LSU Tigers, and the Arkansas Razorbacks.

## References
Stan Wawrinka

**Stanislas "Stan" Wawrinka** (, ; born 28 March 1985 in Lausanne) is a Swiss professional tennis player. He is also a German citizen because his father is from Germany, though of Czech ancestry (hence their surname). His career-high singles ranking is Number 3 in the world. He reached this rank in January 2014. He considers clay his best surface and his serve and volley his best shot. He won the gold medal for Switzerland in the men's doubles event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, with Roger Federer. They beat the Swedish team Simon Aspelin/Thomas Johansson in the final. They also won the 2008 Swiss Team of the Year Award.

Wawrinka has won three Grand Slam singles events: the Australian Open in 2014, the French Open in 2015, and the US Open in 2016.

## Other websites 
* ATP Profile
* Davis Cup Profile 
* ITF Profile
Aboriginal title

against the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, which rejected claims to aboriginal title over the country's shores and seabeds.]]
**Aboriginal title** is a common law doctrine that the  rights of indigenous peoples to own their traditional land persist after sovereignty has been taken by colonial settlers. When granted, it is usually inalienable, meaning it can not be sold, traded or given away. The title may be held by individuals or groups of people, and is inherited indefinitely (without end) by those people's descendants. What proof is required for aboriginal title to be recognised depends on the country's laws that govern the doctrine. It usually must include some evidence of historical  (living on the land for a long time, usually since before colonial settlement).

The majority of court cases granting aboriginal title have been in Australia,  Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand and the United States. Aboriginal title is also referred to as **indigenous title**, **native title** and **customary title**. It is related to the subject of indigenous rights.

## References
Christianity in Pakistan

**Christianity** is the largest minority religion  in Pakistan. The total number of Christians in Pakistan was about 2,800,000 in 2008, or 1.6% of the population.  Most Christians in Pakistan are descended from recent converts from Hinduism during British Indian rule in the 19th and early 20th century.

Both Roman Catholics and Protestants (mostly belonging to the Church of Pakistan) are found here. There is an interdenominational 'Pakistan Christian Congress', that helps to smooth out relations between various sects and to take up any issues of mutual concern.

## References
Natina Reed

**Natina Reed** (October 28, 1980 – October 27, 2012) was an American R&B singer and occasional actress. She was part of R&B girl group Blaque. She was also known for starring in 2000 movie *Bring It On*. Reed was killed on October 27, 2012, one day before her 33rd birthday. She was involved in an accident as she was crossing a street in Atlanta, Georgia.

## Media
### Album appearances
### Filmography
### TV
### Video cameo appearances
## References
## Other websites
*
*T.I. Album & Movie Release Party
Procellariiformes

**Procellariiformes** is an order of seabirds that comprises four families: the albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters, storm petrels, and diving petrels. They have a cosmopolitan distribution across the world's oceans, with the highest diversity being around New Zealand. 
Only a single egg is laid per nesting attempt, and usually only a single nesting attempt is made per year, although the larger albatrosses may only nest once every two years. Both parents participate in incubation and chick rearing. Incubation times are long compared to other birds, as are fledgling periods. Once a chick has fledged there is no further parental care.
Umuwa, South Australia

**Umuwa** is an Aboriginal community on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. It is the administrative centre for the local government of the APY. Umuwa is about  north-west of Marla and  south west of Alice Springs. There are about 80 people living at Umuwa.

Umuwa was established in 1991. Mail arrives in Umuwa once per week by air mail. Supplies arrive by truck every week. Unlike larger settlements on the APY lands, Umuwa does not have a general store. There was a solar power station built near the town in 2003, but it stopped working in 2011 and will be dismantled. As with most APY settlements, Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Special Broadcasting Service television are available. There is also a health clinic and a police station.

## References 
## Other websites
*PY Media : Umuwa
Sonia Gandhi

**Sonia Gandhi** (b. December 9, 1946 is an Indian politician. She was the president of the Indian National Congress. She is the widow of the former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi. She is the chairperson of the national advisory council. In 1998, she was elected president of the Indian National Congress. 

Sonia was born in Ovassanjo, Italy.

## References