December 9

## Events 
### Up to 1950 
* 480 &ndash; Odoacer, the first King of Italy, occupies Dalmatia in present–day Croatia.
* 536 &ndash; Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed.
* 1531 &ndash; The Virgin of Guadalupe is said to have first appeared to Juan Diego at Tepeyac, Mexico City.
* 1775 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: British troops lose in the Battle of Great Bridge and leave Virginia shortly after.
* 1793 &ndash; New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is created by Noah Webster.
* 1824 &ndash; Battle of Ayacucho: Peruvian troops defeat the Spanish, who then end their colonial rule over Peru.
* 1835 &ndash; The Texan Army captures San Antonio, Texas.
* 1851 &ndash; The YMCA in North America is founded in Montreal.
* 1872 &ndash; P. B. S. Pinchback becomes the first African American State Governor in the US, in Louisiana.
* 1888 &ndash; Statistician Herman Hollerith installs his computing device at the United States Department of War.
* 1892 &ndash; English football club Newcastle United is created.
* 1897 &ndash; Activist Marguerite Durand founds the feminist daily newspaper, La Fronde, in Paris.
* 1905 &ndash; France passes the law separating church and state.
* 1911 &ndash; A mine explosion in Briceville, Tennessee kills 84 miners.
* 1917 &ndash; World War I: Hussein al-Husseyni, Ottoman Mayor of Jerusalem, surrenders the city to the British.
* 1922 &ndash; Gabriel Narutowicz is confirmed as President of Poland.
* 1931 &ndash; The Constituent Cortes approves a constitution which establishes the Second Spanish Republic.
* 1935 &ndash; American football: The trophy that later becomes the Heisman Trophy is given for the first time. The winner is Jay Berwanger of the University of Chicago.
* 1937 &ndash; In the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese troops launch an assault on the city of Nanjing.
* 1940 &ndash; World War II: Operation Compass – British and Indian troops under the command of Major–General Richard O'Connor attack Italian forces near Sidi Barrani, Egypt.
* 1941 &ndash; World War II: The Republic of China, Cuba, Guatemala, the Republic of Korea and the Philippine Commonwealth declare war on Japan.
* 1946 &ndash; The Constituent Assembly of India meets to write the Constitution.
* 1946 &ndash; The Doctors' trial begins over physicians believed to have committed Nazi war crimes and medical experiments on people.
* 1948 &ndash; The Genocide Convention is adopted.
* 1950 &ndash; Harry Gold is sentenced to 30 years in prison for helping Klaus Fuchs pass information about the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union.

### From 1951 
* 1953 &ndash; Red Scare: General Electric announces the discharge of all Communist employees.
* 1956 &ndash; Trans–Canada Air Lines Flight 810, a Canadair, crashes near Hope, British Columbia, killing all 62 people on board.
* 1960 &ndash; Coronation Street is broadcast for the first time on British television.
* 1961 &ndash; Tanganyika becomes independent. In 1964 it joins with Zanzibar to form Tanzania.
* 1962 &ndash; Tanganyika joins the Commonwealth of Nations.
* 1962 &ndash; The Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona is created. 
* 1966 &ndash; Barbados joins the UN.
* 1968 &ndash; Douglas Engelbart demonstrates the computer mouse and hypertext.
* 1971 &ndash; The United Arab Emirates join the UN.
* 1973 &ndash; Britain and Ireland sign the Sunningdale Agreement.
* 1979 &ndash; The eradication of Smallpox is announced.
* 1990 &ndash; Lech Walesa becomes President of Poland.
* 1998 &ndash; In the Swiss Federal Council, Ruth Dreifuss is chosen to be Switzerland's President for the year 1999, making her the first woman to take up the role, on January 1, 1999.
* 2003 &ndash; A blast in central Moscow kills 6 people.
* 2005 &ndash; End of the London Routemaster Red Double–Decker Bus Service.
* 2008 &ndash; Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich is arrested by federal agents on a number of crimes, including trying to sell the United States Senate Seat of Barack Obama, who had been elected president.
* 2009 &ndash; Carwyn Jones becomes First Minister of Wales, succeeding Rhodri Morgan.
* 2016 &ndash; President of South Korea Park Geun-hye is impeached by the country's National Assembly, as a result of a major corruption scandal.
* 2016 &ndash; A suicide bomb attack in Madagali, Nigeria, kills at least 45 people.
* 2019 &ndash; 2019 Whakaari/White Island eruption: The Whakaari–White Island volcano in New Zealand erupts, killing at least 18 people.
* 2019 &ndash; A Chilean plane crashes en route from Chile to Antarctica with 38 people on board.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1392 &ndash; Peter, Duke of Coimbra, Portuguese prince (d. 1449)
* 1447 &ndash; Chenghua Emperor of China (d. 1487)
* 1508 &ndash; Gemma Frisius, Dutch mathematician and mapmaker (d. 1555)
* 1571 &ndash; Metius, Dutch mathematician and astronomer (d. 1635)
* 1579 &ndash; Martín de Porres, Peruvian saint (d. 1639)
* 1594 &ndash; King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (d. 1632)
* 1608 &ndash; John Milton, English poet (d. 1674)
* 1610 &ndash; Baldassare Ferri, Italian singer and actor (d. 1680)
* 1652 &ndash; Augustus Quirinus Rivenus, German physician and botanist (d. 1723)
* 1667 &ndash; William Whiston, English mathematician, historian and theologian (d. 1752)
* 1748 &ndash; Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (d. 1822)
* 1751 &ndash; Maria Luisa of Parma, Queen of Spain (d. 1819)
* 1787 &ndash; John Dobson, English architect (d. 1865)
* 1842 &ndash; Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist and writer (d. 1921)
* 1845 &ndash; Joel Chandler Harris, American journalist and author (d. 1908)
* 1850 &ndash; Emma Abbott, American soprano (d. 1891)
* 1863 &ndash; John Burnet, Scottish classical philologist (d. 1928)
* 1868 &ndash; Fritz Haber, German chemist (d. 1934)
* 1872 &ndash; Thomas W. Hardwick, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1944)
* 1873 &ndash; Henry S. Caulfield, American politician, 37th Governor of Missouri (d. 1966)
* 1876 &ndash; Berton Churchill, Canadian–American actor and singer (d. 1940)
* 1877 &ndash; Mart Kuusik, Russian–Estonian rower (d. 1964)
* 1882 &ndash; Joaquin Turina, Spanish composer (d. 1949)
* 1883 &ndash; Nikolai Luzin, Russian mathematician, theorist and academic (d. 1950)
* 1883 &ndash; Alexander Papagos, Greek general and Prime Minister (d. 1955)
* 1883 &ndash; Joseph Pilates, German–American fitness expert (d. 1967)
* 1886 &ndash; Clarence Birdseye, American frozen food manufacturer (d. 1956)
* 1887 &ndash; Tim Moore, American actor (d. 1958)
* 1889 &ndash; Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish long–distance runner (d. 1966)
* 1890 &ndash; Laura Salverson, Canadian author (d. 1970)
* 1896 &ndash; Goodwin Knight, American politician, 31st Governor of California (d. 1970)
* 1897 &ndash; Hermione Gingold, English–American actress and singer (d. 1987)
* 1898 &ndash; Emmett Kelly, American clown (d. 1979)
* 1900 &ndash; Albert Weisbord, American activist (d. 1977)

### 1901 – 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Jean Mermoz, French pilot (d. 1936)
* 1901 &ndash; Carol Dempster, American actress (d. 1991)
* 1901 &ndash; Odon von Horvath, Austro–Hungarian writer (d. 1938)
* 1902 &ndash; Rab Butler, British politician (d. 1982)
* 1902 &ndash; Margaret Hamilton, American actress (d. 1985)
* 1906 &ndash; Grace Hopper, American computer scientist (d. 1992)
* 1909 &ndash; Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., American actor (d. 2000)
* 1911 &ndash; Broderick Crawford, American actor (d. 1986)
* 1912 &ndash; Tip O'Neill, American politician (d. 1994)
* 1914 &ndash; Max Manus, Norwegian resistance activist (d. 1996)
* 1915 &ndash; Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German soprano (d. 2006)
* 1916 &ndash; Kirk Douglas, American actor (d. 2020)
* 1917 &ndash; James Rainwater, American physicist (d. 1986)
* 1919 &ndash; William Lipscomb, American chemist (d. 2011)
* 1920 &ndash; Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, former President of Italy (d. 2016)
* 1924 &ndash; Manlio Sgalambro, Italian philosopher and poet (d. 2014)
* 1926 &ndash; Erhard Eppler, German politician (d. 2019)
* 1926 &ndash; Henry Way Kendall, American physicist (d. 1999)
* 1928 &ndash; Dick Van Patten, American actor (d. 2015)
* 1929 &ndash; Bob Hawke, 23rd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2019)
* 1929 &ndash; John Cassavetes, American director and actor (d. 1989)
* 1930 &ndash; Edoardo Sanguineti, Italian writer (d. 2010)
* 1930 &ndash; Buck Henry, American actor, director and writer (d. 2020)
* 1931 &ndash; William Reynolds, American actor
* 1933 &ndash; Milt Campbell, American decathlete (d. 2012)
* 1933 &ndash; Morton Downey, Jr., American singer-songwriter, actor and talk show host (d. 2001)
* 1934 &ndash; Judi Dench, English actress
* 1941 &ndash; Beau Bridges, American actor
* 1942 &ndash; Billy Bremner, Scottish footballer (d. 1997)
* 1942 &ndash; Germain Gagnon, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014)
* 1942 &ndash; Joe McGinniss, American writer (d. 2014)
* 1943 &ndash; Joanna Trollope, English writer
* 1944 &ndash; Bob O'Connor, American politician, 57th Mayor of Pittsburgh
* 1944 &ndash; Neil Innes, English musician and composer (d. 2019)
* 1944 &ndash; Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto, 80th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (d. 2020)
* 1945 &ndash; Michael Nouri, American actor
* 1946 &ndash; Mervyn Davies, Welsh rugby player (d. 2012)
* 1946 &ndash; Sonia Gandhi, Italian–born Indian politician
* 1948 &ndash; Dennis Dunaway, American musician
* 1949 &ndash; Tom Kite, American golfer
* 1949 &ndash; Nando Parrado, Uruguayan plane crash survivor
* 1950 &ndash; Joan Armatrading, British musician and singer-songwriter

### 1951 – 1975 
* 1952 &ndash; Michael Dorn, American actor and director
* 1953 &ndash; John Malkovich, American actor
* 1954 &ndash; Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission and former Prime Minister of Luxembourg
* 1954 &ndash; Phil Bryant, American politician, 63rd Governor of Mississippi
* 1954 &ndash; Mary Fallin, American politician, Governor of Oklahoma
* 1954 &ndash; Henk ten Cate, Dutch footballer and manager
* 1954 &ndash; Kip Hanrahan, American musician and producer
* 1955 &ndash; Otis Birdsong, American basketball player
* 1956 &ndash; Jean-Pierre Thiollet, French author
* 1957 &ndash; Donny Osmond, American singer and actor
* 1960 &ndash; Caroline Lucas, English politician, MP for and former leader of the Green Party of England and Wales
* 1960 &ndash; Juan Samuel, Dominican–American baseball player and manager
* 1961 &ndash; John Anthony Higgins, American actor
* 1961 &ndash; Joe Lando, American actor
* 1962 &ndash; Felicity Huffman, American actress
* 1963 &ndash; Empress Masako of Japan
* 1963 &ndash; Zurab Zhvania, Prime Minister of Georgia (d. 2005)
* 1964 &ndash; Hape Kerkeling, German comedian, actor and television presenter
* 1964 &ndash; Johannes B. Kerner, German television presenter
* 1964 &ndash; Paul Landers, German guitarist
* 1964 &ndash; Michael Müller, German politician, Governing Mayor of Berlin
* 1966 &ndash; Kirsten Gillibrand, American politician
* 1966 &ndash; Spencer Rochfort, American–Canadian actor
* 1966 &ndash; Gideon Sa'ar, Israeli lawyer and politician
* 1966 &ndash; Shane Scott, American director, producer, cinematographer and screenwriter
* 1967 &ndash; Gheorghe Popescu, Romanian footballer
* 1968 &ndash; Kurt Angle, American professional wrestler
* 1969 &ndash; Bixente Lizarazu, French footballer
* 1970 &ndash; Lance Krall, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
* 1971 &ndash; Geoff Barrow, English drummer, DJ, composer and producer
* 1972 &ndash; Michael Corcoran, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1972 &ndash; Fabrice Santoro, Tahitian–French tennis player
* 1972 &ndash; Tré Cool, American musician (Green Day)

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Booba, French rapper
* 1977 &ndash; Imogen Heap, English singer–songwriter
* 1978 &ndash; Jesse Metcalfe, American actor
* 1981 &ndash; Gemma Fay, Scottish footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Mardy Fish, American tennis player
* 1981 &ndash; Dia Mirza, Indian model, actress and producer
* 1983 &ndash; Jermaine Beckford, English footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Dariusz Dudka, Polish footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Hikaru Nakamura, Japanese–American chess player
* 1987 &ndash; Adam Szalai, Hungarian footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Kwadwo Asamoah, Ghanaian footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Lindsey Evans, American glamour model
* 1990 &ndash; LaFee, German singer
* 1991 &ndash; Prince Joachim of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
* 1991 &ndash; Choi Minho, South Korean singer, dancer and actor
* 1995 &ndash; McKayla Maroney, American gymnast
* 1996 &ndash; AleXa, American K-pop singer and first American Song Contest winner

## Deaths 
### Up to 1950 
* 638 &ndash; Sergius I of Constantinople
* 1165 &ndash; King Malcolm IV of Scotland (b. 1141)
* 1437 &ndash; Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1368)
* 1565 &ndash; Pope Pius IV (b. 1499)
* 1625 &ndash; Ubbo Emmius, Dutch historian and geographer (b. 1547)
* 1641 &ndash; Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (b. 1599)
* 1669 &ndash; Pope Clement XI (b. 1600)
* 1706 &ndash; King Peter II of Portugal (b. 1648)
* 1718 &ndash; Vincenzo Coronelli, Italian monk, cosmographer and cartographer (b. 1650)
* 1830 &ndash; Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher, Danish surgeon, botanist and academic (b. 1757)
* 1858 &ndash; Robert Baldwin, Canadian politician (b. 1804)
* 1916 &ndash; Natsume Soseki, Japanese novelist (b. 1867)
* 1930 &ndash; Rube Foster, American baseball player and manager (b. 1879)
* 1937 &ndash; Nils Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist (b. 1869)
* 1941 &ndash; Dmitry Merezhovsky, Russian author, poet and philosopher (b. 1865)

### 1951 – 2000 
* 1955 &ndash; Hermann Weyl, German mathematician (b. 1885)
* 1964 &ndash; Edith Sitwell, English poet (b. 1887)
* 1967 &ndash; Charles Leon Hammes, Luxembourgish lawyer and judge (b. 1898)
* 1970 &ndash; Artem Mikoyan, Armenian–Russian engineer and businessman (b. 1905)
* 1970 &ndash; Feroz Khan Noon, 7th Prime Minister of Pakistan (b. 1893)
* 1971 &ndash; Ralph Bunche, American diplomat (b. 1904)
* 1972 &ndash; Louella Parsons, American journalist and screenwriter (b. 1881)
* 1975 &ndash; William A. Wellman, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1896)
* 1977 &ndash; Clarice Lispector, Ukrainian–Brazilian writer (b. 1920)
* 1979 &ndash; Fulton J. Sheen, American archbishop (b. 1895)
* 1981 &ndash; Daniel Faulkner, Philadelphia police officer (b. 1955)
* 1982 &ndash; Asmundur Sveinsson, Icelandic sculptor (b. 1893)
* 1991 &ndash; Berenice Abbott, American photographer (b. 1898)
* 1993 &ndash; Danny Blanchflower, Irish footballer and manager (b. 1926)
* 1995 &ndash; Douglas Corrigan, American pilot (b. 1907)
* 1996 &ndash; Mary Leakey, British archaeologist and anthropologist (b. 1913)
* 1996 &ndash; Alain Poher, French politician (b. 1909)
* 1998 &ndash; Archie Moore, American boxer (b. 1913)

### From 2001 
* 2004 &ndash; Lea De Mae, Czech actress (b. 1976)
* 2005 &ndash; György Sándor, Hungarian pianist (b. 1912)
* 2009 &ndash; Gene Barry, American actor (b. 1919)
* 2010 &ndash; James Moody, American jazz musician (b. 1925)
* 2012 &ndash; Jenni Rivera, American singer-songwriter, producer and actress (b. 1969)
* 2012 &ndash; Patrick Moore, English astronomer, writer and broadcaster (b. 1923)
* 2012 &ndash; Charles Rosen, American pianist and musicologist (b. 1927)
* 2013 &ndash; Eleanor Parker, American actress (b. 1922)
* 2014 &ndash; Mary Ann Mobley, American actress (b. 1939)
* 2014 &ndash; Jane Freilicher, American painter (b. 1924)
* 2014 &ndash; Karl Otto Pöhl, German economist (b. 1929)
* 2015 &ndash; Rusty Jones, American jazz drummer (b. 1942)
* 2017 &ndash; James Joseph Brady, American judge (b. 1944)
* 2017 &ndash; Leonid Bronevoy, Ukrainian–Russian actor (b. 1928)
* 2017 &ndash; Lando Fiorini, Italian actor (b. 1938)
* 2017 &ndash; Grant Munro, Canadian animator, filmmaker and actor (b. 1923)
* 2017 &ndash; Joe Newton, American track and field coach (b. 1929)
* 2018 &ndash; Yigal Bashan, Israeli singer and composer (b. 1950)
* 2018 &ndash; Robert Bergland, American politician (b. 1928)
* 2018 &ndash; William Blum, American author and historian (b. 1933)
* 2018 &ndash; Riccardo Giacconi, Italian–American astrophysicist (b. 1931)
* 2018 &ndash; Bob Giggie, American baseball player (b. 1933)
* 2018 &ndash; Gordon Scholes, Australian politician (b. 1931)
* 2018 &ndash; Dick Van Orden, American rear admiral (b. 1921)
* 2019 &ndash; John R. Broxson, American politician (b. 1932)
* 2019 &ndash; Marie Fredriksson, Swedish singer (Roxette) (b. 1958)
* 2019 &ndash; Omar Graffigna, Argentine air force officer (b. 1926)
* 2019 &ndash; William Luce, American writer (b. 1931)
* 2019 &ndash; Veijo Puhjo, Finnish politician (b. 1948)
* 2019 &ndash; Imre Varga, Hungarian sculptor and painter (b. 1923)

## Observances 
* National holiday in Tanzania, celebrating independence of Tanganyika in 1961
* Anna's Day (Sweden and Finland)
* Armed Forces Day (Peru)
* International Anti–Corruption Day