open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Algebraic variety

is a projective algebraic variety.]]
In mathematics, **algebraic varieties** (also called **varieties**) are one of the central objects of study in algebraic geometry. The first definitions of algebraic variety defined it as the set of solutions of a system of polynomial equations, over the real or complex numbers. Modern definitions of an algebraic variety generalize this notion while they try to preserve the geometric intuition behind the original definition.

Conventions regarding the definition of an algebraic variety differ: Some authors require that an "*algebraic variety*" is, by definition, *irreducible* (which means that it is not the union of two smaller sets that are closed in the Zariski topology), while others do not. When the former convention is used, non-irreducible algebraic varieties are called **algebraic sets**.

The notion of variety is similar to that of manifold. One difference between a variety and a manifold is that a variety may have singular points, while a manifold will not. 
Proven around the year 1800, the fundamental theorem of algebra establishes a link between algebra and geometry by showing that a monic polynomial in one variable with complex coefficients (an algebraic object) is determined by the set of its roots (a geometric object). Generalizing this result, Hilbert's Nullstellensatz provides a fundamental correspondence between ideals of polynomial rings and algebraic sets. Using the Nullstellensatz and related results, mathematicians have established a strong correspondence between questions on algebraic sets and questions of ring theory. This correspondence is the specifity of algebraic geometry among the other subareas of geometry.
## References
Bobby Vee

**Robert Thomas Velline** (April 30, 1943&nbsp;– October 24, 2016), known as **Bobby Vee**, was an American pop singer who was a teen idol in the early 1960s. He was born in Fargo, North Dakota. He was a hit during the 1950s and 1960s. He sang many songs including  "Take Good Care of My Baby" and "Devil or Angel".

Bobby Vee said in 2012 that he has Alzheimer's disease, an illness in the brain that affects older people.

## References
Bert Gardiner

**Wilbert Homer Gardiner** (March 25, 1913 – August 28, 2001) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Gardiner played 144 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Boston Bruins, and New York Rangers.

Before he played in the NHL, he played with the Philadelphia Arrows of the CAHL and the Crescent-Hamilton A.C. of the Eastern Hockey League. He also played with the Philadelphia Ramblers of the CAHL/IAHL, the New Haven Eagles of the IAHL, and the Washington Lions of the AHL.

When Dave Kerr got injured in Game 1 of the 1939 Stanley Cup Finals, the Bruins called up Gardiner from Philadelphia to replace him. Gardiner played in the final six games of the finals.

Gardiner retired from professional ice hockey in 1944. He died on August 28, 2001 in Los Angeles, California.

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Eyes Set to Kill

**Eyes Set to Kill** is an American metalcore and post-hardcore band from Phoenix, Arizona. They are also alternative metal, screamo, and heavy metal.

## History
Sisters Alexia and Anissa Rodriguez started the band with Lindsey Vogt in 2003. In 2005 Caleb Clifton joined the band. In 2006 the band's first extended play was released. It sold 11,000 copies. Vogt left the band in 2007. Alexia took Vogt's place. The band released their first album *Reach* on February 19, 2008.
Chantal Jones

**Heather Chantal Jones** (born September 8, 1988) is an American model and actress. She appeared on ''America's Next Top Model''. She is also known for her bubbly personality.

Jones was born in Austin, Texas.

## References
Similarity (geometry)

**Similarity** is an idea in geometry. It means that two polygons, line segments, or other figures can become the same via resizing. Similar objects do not need to have the same size. Two shapes are similar if their angles have the same measure and their sides are proportional. Two circles, squares, or line segments are always similar. If figure F is similar to figure F', then we write F \sim F'.

Similarity is very similar to congruence. Congruent shapes have the same sides and angles. Because of that, two shapes are congruent to each other if one can become another through rotating, reflecting or moving only. In fact, all shapes that are congruent to each other are also similar, but not vice versa.

## Related pages 
* Equality

## References
Idina Menzel

**Idina Kim Menzel** (born **Idina Kim Mentzel**; May 30, 1971), is an American actress, songwriter, and singer.

## Early life 
Menzel was born Idina Kim Mentzel on Long Island, New York. She changed her name to make it simpler. Her parents divorced when she was young. As a kid her favorite songs were *Tomorrow* and *The Way We Were*.

Menzel went to New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. She was a wedding singer until 1995.

## Career 
In 1996, Menzel played Maureen Johnson in the Broadway show *Rent*. She played that role through 1997. She was nominated for a Tony Award for the show.

In 1998, Menzel released her album, ''Still I Can't Be Still*. She did a month-long tour to promote it. Eighteen thousand copies were sold. She also played Circe in an episode of *Hercules: The Animated Series*.

In 2000, Menzel played Kate in the off-Broadway show *The Wild Party*. She was nominated for a Drama Desk Award and a Drama League Award. In 2001, she played Dorothy in *Summer of '42* off-Broadway and Sheila in *Hair* at New York City Center Encores!

Menzel is known for her role as Elsa the Snow Queen in the 2013 movie *Frozen*. She is also known for her role as Elphaba in the original Broadway production of *Wicked*, for which she won a Tony Award in 2004. Other notable roles include Maureen Johnson in the original Broadway production of *Rent* and in the movie based on the play, Shelby Cororan in *Glee'', and Nancy Tremaine in Disney's *Enchanted*.

Menzel appeared in the Broadway show *If/Then*. For her role in that show, she was nominated for a Tony Award. 

Menzel was born in Queens, New York.

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Nick Lachey

**Nicholas Scott** "**Nick**" **Lachey** ( ; born November 9, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter, actor, producer, and television personality. He was best known as the lead singer of the multi-platinum selling boy band 98 Degrees.

Lachey was born in Harlan, Kentucky and was raised in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was married to singer Jessica Simpson from 2002 to 2006. He married model Vanessa Minnillo in 2011. Their son, Camden John Lachey, was born on September 12, 2012.

Lachey and his wife are hosts of the 2020 Netflix reality dating series, *Love Is Blind*.

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Vanessa Minnillo

**Vanessa Joy Lachey** (née **Minnillo**; born November 9, 1980) is an American television personality, fashion model, and actress. She was named Miss Teen USA in 1998. She has also been a correspondent for *Entertainment Tonight* from 2005 to 2007 and hosted *Total Request Live* on MTV.

## Early life 
Minnillo was born in Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines. Her mother is Filipino and her father is an American of Ashkenazi Jews, Irish and Italian ancestry.

## Personal life 
She married singer-songwriter Nick Lachey in 2011. Their son, Camden John Lachey, was born on September 12, 2012.

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David Brenner

**David Brenner** (February 4, 1936 – March 15, 2014) was an American comedian, actor, and author. He was known for appearing on *The Tonight Show*. He is also known for his leading roles in *Snip* and in *Worth Winning*.

Brenner died on March 15, 2014 in New York City, New York from pancreatic cancer, aged 78.

## References
Elias James Corey

**Elias James "E.J." Corey** (born July 12, 1928) is an American chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his theory of organic synthesis.

Corey was born in Mathuen, Massachusetts. His parents were Lebanese immigrants. He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

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Jack Gelineau

**John Edward "Jack" Gelineau** (November 11, 1924 – November 12, 1998) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Gelineau played 147 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Boston Bruins and Chicago Black Hawks.

Before he played in the NHL, Gelineau played college hockey for 4 years at McGill University. He has also played for the Quebec Aces of the QSHL and QHL. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 1950.

He retired from professional ice hockey in 1954. He died from cancer on November 12, 1998 in Montreal, Quebec.

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Hec Highton

**Hector Salisbury Highton** (December 10, 1923 – September 28, 1985) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Highton played 24 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks.

Highton also played for the Providence Reds and St. Louis Flyers of the AHL as well as the Los Angeles Monarchs, Victoria Cougars, Vancouver Canucks, and Portland Eagles of the PCHL.

He retired from professional ice hockey in 1951. He died on September 28, 1985 in Los Angeles, California. He is buried at Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles.

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Masi Oka

(born December 27, 1974) is a Japanese and American actor and digital effects artist. He is best known for his role as Hiro Nakamura on NBC's *Heroes* (2006–10).

Oka was born in Tokyo, Japan. He moved to Los Angeles, California at a young age, before he settled in New York City, New York. His IQ is reported to be 180.

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Jay Baruchel

**Jonathan Adam Saunders** "**Jay**" **Baruchel** (born April 9, 1982) is a Canadian actor and screenwriter. He has appearded in the well-known movies *Million Dollar Baby* (2004), *Knocked Up* (2007), *Tropic Thunder* (2008), *The Trotsky* (2009), *Fanboys* (2009), ''She's Out of My League* (2010), *How to Train Your Dragon* (2010), *The Sorcerer's Apprentice* (2010) and *This Is the End'' (2013).

Baruchel was born in Ottawa, Ontario. He grew up and still lives in the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec. He is of is French, German, Irish and Jewish (Sephardi) ancestry. He was engaged to actress Alison Pill from 2010 to 2013. He is an agnostic.

He appears in the two short films entitled 'The Watchmaker' and 'The Office of the Watchmaker' on the Canadian Band Rush live DVD/Blu-ray of 'Clockwork Angels Tour' released in 2013. The films were shown at the intermission and at the end of the concert.

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Bob Janecyk

**Robert T. Janecyk** (born May 18, 1957 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Janecyk played 110 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks and the Los Angeles Kings.

Before he played in the NHL, Janecyk played at Chicago State University. He also played for the Fort Wayne Komets and Flint Generals of the IHL, as well as the New Brunswick Hawks, Springfield Indians, and the New Haven Nighthawks of the AHL. During his time with the New Brunswick Hawks in the 1981–82 AHL season, he won the Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award. He also won the Ken McKenzie Trophy in the 1979-80 IHL season during his time with the Fort Wayne Komets. He retired from professional ice hockey in 1988.

His son Adam plays ice hockey at the University of Michigan.

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Eddie Johnston

**Edward Joseph Johnston** (born November 24, 1935 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender, coach, and general manager. Johnston played 22 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, St. Louis Blues, and Chicago Black Hawks. He was the head coach of the Black Hawks for 1 year and the head coach of the Pittsburgh Penguins for 7 years. He was also the general manager of the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Hartford Whalers.

He won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins twice, in 1970 and 1972. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1978. He is the Penguins' all-time leader in coaching losses (224) and games coached (516).

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Peter Shumlin

**Peter Elliot Shumlin** (born March 24, 1956) is an American politician. He was the Governor of Vermont from 2011 to 2017. In 2010, he was elected Governor of Vermont. He is a member of the Democratic Party of the United States.

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Jay Nixon

**Jeremiah Wilson "Jay" Nixon** (born February 13, 1956) is an American politician. He was the Governor of Missouri from 2009 to 2017. He is a member of the Democratic Party of the United States.

Nixon's ancestor, John Inskeep, was mayor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Steve Beshear

**Steven Lynn "Steve" Beshear** (born September 21, 1944) is an American politician. In 2007, he became the Governor of Kentucky. He left office on December 8, 2015 because of term limits and was succeed by Matt Bevin.

In 1996, he ran for U.S. Senator representing Kentucky, but lost to Mitch McConnell.

Beshear delivered the Democratic response to a speech to a joint session of the United States Congress given by President Donald Trump on February 28, 2017. 

His son is Governor Andy Beshear.

## References
## Other websites
*Governor Steve Beshear official Kentucky government site
Jack Markell

**Jack Alan Markell** (born November 26, 1960) is an American politician and businessman. He was the United States ambassador to Italy and San Marino from 2023 until 2025. Markell was the United States Ambassador to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development from 2022 to 2023. He was the Governor of Delaware from 2009 until 2017. Markell was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the State Treasurer of Delaware from 1999 to 2009.

In June 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Markell to be the U.S. Ambassador to the OECD. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 18, 2021.

On May 12, 2023, President Joe Biden nominated Markell to serve as the United States ambassador to Italy and San Marino. He was confirmed by the full Senate to this position on July 27, 2023.

## References
Mike Karakas

**Michael George Karakas** (December 12, 1911 – May 2, 1992) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played six seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Chicago Black Hawks and the Montreal Canadiens. He was the NHL's first American-born and trained goaltender.

He won the Stanley Cup with the Black Hawks in the 1937–38 NHL season. During the playoffs, he broke his toe before the start of the Stanley Cup final against the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Black Hawks substituted Alfie Moore in the first game. After the first game, Moore was ruled ineligible, and the Black Hawks lost the next game. Karakas returned with a steel-toed boot, and he won the next two games. That led to the Black Hawks winning their second Stanley Cup win.

In 1973, he was named as an original member of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame, which is located in his hometown of Eveleth, Minnesota.

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Aron Ralston

**Aron Lee Ralston** (born October 27, 1975) is an American outdoorsman, engineer, mountain climber, and motivational speaker. He is best known for having to amputate his own right arm to free himself from a boulder in Blue John Canyon, in eastern Wayne County, Utah on April 26, 2003.

Ralston was born in Marion, Ohio and was raised in Denver, Colorado. During adulthood, he moved to Aspen, Colorado to pursue a life of climbing mountains. He has two children and lives in Boulder, Colorado.
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Dannel Malloy

**Dannel Patrick "Dan" Malloy** (born July 21, 1955) is an American politician. He was the Democratic Governor of Connecticut from 2011 to 2019.

## References
## Other websites
Jack Carter (comedian)

**Jack Chakrin** (June 24, 1923 &ndash; June 28, 2015), known by his professional name of **Jack Carter**, was an American comedian, actor and host. He worked with Sid Caesar, Milton Berle, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner, and Don Rickles.

Carter was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of respiratory failure in Beverly Hills, California, aged 93.

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Marga Spiegel

**Marga Spiegel** (21 June 1912 &ndash; 11 March 2014) was a German writer. She was Jewish and survived the Holocaust of World War II. Her story was published into a book in 1969 and a movie, *Unter Bauern &ndash; Retter in der Nacht*, released in 2009. She was born in Oberaula, Hesse, German Empire.

Spiegel died from natural causes on 11 March 2014 in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. She was 101 years old.

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Marc Lamothe

**Marc Lamothe** (born February 27, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Lamothe played 4 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks and the Detroit Red Wings.

Before playing in the NHL, Lamothe played 3 seasons in the OHL with the Kingston Frontenacs. He was drafted with the 92nd overall pick by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. He has played for the Fredericton Canadiens, Syracuse Crunch, Hamilton Bulldogs and Grand Rapids Griffins of the AHL, as well as the Wheeling Thunderbirds of the ECHL and the Indianapolis Ice of the IHL. When he left North America, he joined Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the RSL. He also played for Severstal Cherepovets and SKA St. Petersburg. He played 15 games in the KHL with Barys Astana, 14 games in the SM-liiga with the Pelicans, and 15 games in the DEL with the Hamburg Freezers.  His season with the Pelicans was cut short after he suffered a medial ligament tear in his knee. He returned to North America on November 23, 2010 after being released from the Freezers. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2011.

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Everett L. Fullam

**Everett Leslie** "**Terry**" **Fullam** (July 1, 1930 &ndash; March 15, 2014) was an American priest, biblical scholar, and academic. He was best known to the Episcopal Church, and the Worldwide Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Protestant communities for his renewal ministries from 1972 to 1998. He was born in Montpelier, Vermont.

Fullam died after falling health on March 15, 2014 in Ormond Beach, Florida. He was 82 years old.

## References
Michel Larocque (ice hockey, born 1976)

**Michel Larocque** (born October 3, 1976 in Lahr, West Germany) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Larocque played 3 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Blackhawks.

Before playing in the NHL, Larocque played college hockey for 4 years at Boston University. During his time playing for BU, he was named the William Flynn Tournament Most Valuable Player in 1997. He was drafted with the 137th overall pick by the San Jose Sharks in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. He played 1 game with the Cleveland Lumberjacks of the IHL, 4 games with the Greensboro Generals of the ECHL and 4 games with the Saint John Flames as well as 13 games with the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the AHL. He debuted in the NHL during the 2000-01 NHL season with the Chicago Blackhawks. He played 3 games and 35 games with the Norfolk Admirals for 35 games. He retired from professional ice hockey in 2001.

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Ray LeBlanc

**Raymond J. LeBlanc** (born October 24, 1964) is an American retired professional ice hockey goaltender. LeBlanc played 1 game in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Blackhawks.

He played 1 season with the Kitchener Rangers of the OHL, 2 seasons in the ACHL with the Pinebridge Bucks and Carolina Thunderbirds, 4 seasons in the IHL with the Flint Spirits and Saginaw Hawks, 1 game in the AHL with the New Haven Nighthawks, 5 more seasons in the IHL with the Fort Wayne Komets and Indianapolis Ice, 1 game in the NHL with the Chicago Blackhawks, 2 more seasons with the Indianapolis Ice, 1 seasons with the Cincinnati Cyclones, 4 seasons with the Chicago Wolves of the IHL, 1 season with the Flint Generals of the UHL, and 2 seasons with the Jacksonville Lizard Kings of the ECHL.

During the 1986–87 IHL season, he won the Ken McKenzie Trophy. LeBlanc is best known for being the goaltender for the United States team at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France. The United States were unable to win a medal and they lost 6–1 to Czechoslovakia in the bronze medal game.

He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2000. He is married to his wife Julie and they have three childrenl 2 sons and 1 daughter. He live in Largo, Florida and works in receiving for Budweiser at Great Bay Distributors. He also works with the homeless and spreads the gospel in downtown St. Petersburg with Team Hope, his church group at Calvary Chapel.

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David Sive

**David Sive** (September 22, 1922 &ndash; March 12, 2014) was an American lawyer, environmentalist, and professor of environmental law. He is recognized as a pioneer in the field of United States environmental law, and is credited with helping create the field of environmental law. He was born in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, New York.

Sive died on March 12, 2014 in West Orange, New Jersey. He was 91 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* David Sive  at the Pace Law School website
Steve Bullock

**Stephen Clark Bullock** (born April 11, 1966) is an American politician. In 2013, he became the Governor of Montana. He left the office in 2021.

Bullock was born in Missoula, Montana. He graduated from Claremont McKenna College and Columbia Law School. He was a professor at the George Washington University Law School before opening his own law firm upon returning to Montana. In 2008, Bullock was elected Attorney General of Montana, and was the state's attorney general from 2009 to 2013.

In 2012, he beat Republican nominee Rick Hill in the 2012 gubernatorial general election with 48% of the vote. In 2016, Bullock won re-election with 50.2% of the vote, beating Republican nominee Greg Gianforte.  

Bullock chaired the National Governors Association from 2018 to 2019. 

On May 14, 2019, Bullock announced his candidacy for President of the United States in 2020. His slogan was "A Fair Shot for Everyone". He ended his campaign on December 2, 2019.

On March 8, 2020, Bullock announced his candidacy for the United States Senate challenging incumbent Republican Senator Steve Daines. He lost the election to Daines in November 2020.

## References
## Other websites
*Governor Steve Bullock official Montana government website
Sam Lacey

(1971).]]
**Samuel** "**Sam**" **Lacey** (March 8, 1948 &ndash; March 14, 2014) was an American professional basketball player. He played as a center. He played for the Cincinnati Royals / Kansas City-Omaha Kings, New Jersey Nets, and Cleveland Cavaliers in a thirteen-season career in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

Lacey was born in Indianola, Mississippi to an African American family. After basketball, he worked in real estate.

Lacey died from natural causes on March 14, 2014 in Kansas City, Missouri, aged 66.

## References
## Other websites
* Sam Lacey  at Basketball-Reference
Bo Callaway

**Howard Hollis Callaway**, known as **Bo Callaway** (April 2, 1927&nbsp;-March 15, 2014) was an American politician and businessman. He served as Secretary of the Army from 1973 to 1975. He was also a United States representative from Georgia.

Callaway was born in LaGrange, Georgia. In 1949 he graduated from West Point with a degree in military engineering. He died in Atlanta, Georgia from a brain hemorrhage, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
Distinguished Service Cross (United States)

The **Distinguished Service Cross** (abbreviation **DSC**) is the second highest military award that can be given to a member of the United States Army. It is awarded for extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force.  Actions that merit the Distinguished Service Cross must be above those required for all other U.S. combat decorations, but are not high enough for the Medal of Honor. The Distinguished Service Cross is the same as the Navy Cross (Navy and Marine Corps). The Air Force) has the Air Force Cross and the Coast Guard has the equivalent Coast Guard Cross. All are equivalent (equal) awards.

## History 
The Distinguished Service Cross was first awarded during World War I.  In addition, a number of awards were made for actions before World War I. These were to soldiers who had received a 'Certificate of Merit' for gallantry. At the time the certificate was given it was the only other honor for gallantry the Army could award other than a Medal of Honor. Others were awarded for earlier actions in the Philippines, on the Mexican Border and during the Boxer Rebellion.

## Criteria 
The Distinguished Service Cross may be awarded to any person serving in any capacity with the United States Army. The person must distinguish himself or herself by extraordinary heroism while engaged in an action against an enemy. Or, while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing/foreign force or while serving with friendly forces. But it is not sufficient to merit the Medal of Honor.

## Order of precedence 
The Distinguished Service Cross is worn on the uniform after the Medal of Honor but before the Defense Distinguished Service Medal. It is to be worn before the Silver Star. When a second (or more) award is given an oak leaf cluster is added to the award.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Distinguished Service Cross; US Military Awards for Valor
Alexei Navalny

**Alexei Anatolievich Navalny** (рус. Алексей Анатольевич Навальный) (4 June 1976 &ndash; 16 February 2024) was a Russian lawyer, politician, and activist. He was a known critic of President Vladimir Putin.

## Early life
Navalny was born in Butyn to a Ukrainian father and Russian mother. In 1993 he started his law degree at Peoples’ Friendship University, in Moscow. In 1998 he graduated. In 2000, Navalny joined the Russian United Democratic Party, "Yabloko". 

## Career
He became known through his LiveJournal blog. In 2012, *The Wall Street Journal* described him as "the man Vladimir Putin fears most." In September 2013 Navalny came second in the Moscow mayoral election. Navalny is a Russian Opposition Coordination Council member. He is a Yale World Fellow. 60 Minutes called Navalny ‘’the man trying to beat Putin’ in a program aired in December 2017.

He was a candidate for President of Russia in the 2018 election. He ran against President Vladimir Putin.

In January 2021, he published his investigation about Putin's palace. Because of it, rallies of Navalny's supporters had been started.

## Personal life
Navalny was poisoned by Putin on August 2020. After this incident and being in the hospital, Navalny went to prison on political ground.

He had two children and a wife. He met his wife after a vacation in Turkey in 1999.

## 2020 poisoning and arrest
On 20 August 2020, Navalny was poisoned during a flight from Tomsk, Siberia to Moscow and was hospitalized in Omsk. He was soon in a coma, on a ventilator. On 7 September 2020, he woke up from the coma, and on 14 September, he was taken off the ventilator. He was released on 22 September.

On 17 January 2021, he went back to Russia, where he was arrested for going against terms of a suspended jail sentence.

On 4 August 2023, Navalny was given an increased sentence of 19 years in prison for extremism charges.

## Death 
On 16 February 2024, the Russian prison service announced that Navalny had died in prison in Yamalo-Nenets, after taking a walk and feeling unwell in the morning. At the age of 48.

## Awards 
* Sakharov Prize (2021)
## Heading text 
Flora's Team
## Notes 
## Other websites
*https://www.politico.eu/article/russian-election-alexei-navalnys-final-plan-to-cause-vladimir-putin-maximum-damage/. March 14, 2024
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHOvv42JOE4
http://www.rbc.ru/politics/05/03/2012/5703f44c9a7947ac81a658a3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt2pfM3ug5w
http://video.mail.ru/bk/sbliz/video/2789/2785.html
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsAw3WynQJMm7tMy093y37A
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgxTPTFbIbCWfTR9I2-5SeQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zT1g1oht5a4

## References
Lady Jane

The movie ***Lady Jane*** is a 1986 romance drama and biographical movie. It is about Lady Jane Grey.

After King Edward VI dies, Jane is named queen in place of the king's sister, Mary. Mary later becomes queen anyway. Jane is put into to the Tower of London and charged with high treason. She is found guilty and sentenced to death. Queen Mary offers to free both Jane and her husband if she converts to the Catholic faith Jane refuses, and is executed along with her father, father-in-law and husband.

Helena Bonham Carter plays Lady Jane Grey. Patrick Stewart plays Jane's father.

On Rotten Tomatoes the movie has a rating of 56%.

This movie was released 7 February 1986. It is 141 minutes long.

## References
Terry McAuliffe

**Terence Richard "Terry" McAuliffe** (born February 9, 1957) is an American politician. In 2014, he became the 72nd Governor of Virginia. His term ended on January 13, 2018, when he was succeeded in his position by Lieutenant Governor Ralph Northam.

McAuliffe began his business career at the age of 14. He was seen as a possible candidate for President of the United States in the 2020.

On December 8, 2020, McAuliffe announced he would run for Governor again in the 2021 election. In June 2021, he won the Democratic nomination winning 62% of the vote. In November, he lost the election to Republican Glenn Youngkin.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Paradox Hotel Vancouver

The **Paradox Hotel Vancouver** is a skyscraper that is located in Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. It is 188 meters (617 feet) tall and has 63 floors. Once completed, it claimed the title of second largest building in Vancouver behind the Shangri-La tower. 
Construction for the building was cancelled in 2009.

The building used to be named **Trump International Hotel and Tower Vancouver**. On June 19, 2013, during a press conference, Holborn Group president Joo Kim Tiah and Donald Trump along with his three children unveiled the $360 million Trump International Hotel & Tower Vancouver. The building opened in the fall of 2016. The hotel featured Vancouver's first pool bar nightclub. The opening was met with protestors boycotts. They were joined by Vancouver mayor Gregor Robertson and British Columbia premier Christy Clark. Robertson wrote a letter demanding the Trump name be removed from the building, calling his views "ignorant" and that his name did not deserve to be attached to the Vancouver skyline.

On August 28, 2020, the hotel went bankrupt and closed. It later removed the Trump branding on December 23, 2021 and changed its name on April 1, 2022 before reopening.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official Website 
*Emporis.com - Trump International Hotel & Tower Vancouver
*SkycraperPage.com – Trump International Hotel & Tower Vancouver
Bob Mason

**Robert Thomas Mason** (born April 22, 1961) is an American retired professional ice hockey goaltender and current goaltending coach for the Minnesota Wild. Mason played 145 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Washington Capitals, Chicago Blackhawks, Quebec Nordiques and the Vancouver Canucks.

Mason started his career playing with the Green Bay Gamblers of the United States Hockey League. He then played college hockey for 2 years at the University of Minnesota Duluth. Aside from the NHL, Mason played 141 games in the AHL with the Hershey Bears, Binghamton Whalers, Halifax Citadels, Baltimore Skipjacks, and Hamilton Canucks. He also played 127 games in the IHL with the Milwaukee Admirals and Fort Wayne Komets.

He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1995. After retiring, Mason became the goaltending coach for the Minnesota Wild which he still is. He was also the goaltending coach for the Atlanta Thrashers during their first 2 seasons of play.

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John Kitzhaber

**John Albert Kitzhaber** (born March 5, 1947) is an American politician. In 2011, he became the Governor of Oregon. He was also Governor of Oregon from 1995 to 2003.

On February 13, 2015, Kitzhaber resigned as governor due to some serious allegations against him. His resignation became effect on February 18 when Kate Brown succeeded him.

On May 2, 2016, Kitzhaber announced his endorsement for Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders in his 2016 nomination for the Democratic nomination.

## References
## Other websites
*Governor John Kitzhaber official Oregon government site
Duke of Noailles

The title of **Duke of Noailles** was a French peerage created in 1663 for Anne de Noailles, Count of Ayen. 

Noailles is the name of a great French family, derived from the castle of Noailles in the territory of Ayen, between Brive and Turenne in the Limousin, and claiming to date back to the 11th century. It did not obtain fame until the 16th century, when its head, Antoine de Noailles (1504–1562), became admiral of France and was ambassador in England during three important years, 1553–1556, maintaining a gallant but unsuccessful rivalry with the Spanish ambassador, Simon Renard. 

Henri (1554–1623), son of Antoine, was a commander in the religious wars and was made Count of Ayen by Henry IV of France in 1593.

The title of Duke of Ayen was also given to the family. However, the heir to the Noailles dukedom was usually called the *Prince of Poix*. 

The family owned a lavish townhouse in Paris called the *Hôtel de Noailles*. 

## List of Dukes of Noailles
#Anne de Noailles (1663-1678).
#Anne Jules de Noailles (1678-1708).
#Adrien Maurice de Noailles (1708-1766).
#Louis de Noailles (1766-1793).
#Jean de Noailles (1793–1824).
#Paul de Noailles (1824–1885).
#Jules Charles Victurnien de Noailles (1885–1895).
#Adrien de Noailles (1895–1953). 
#François de Noailles (1953–2009).
#Hélie de Noailles (2009–present).

The present holder of the title is Hélie de Noailles, but as France is now a republic, titles are not officially recognised.
Chao (Sonic the Hedgehog)

**Chao** are fictional characters that appear in the *Sonic the Hedgehog* series of video games. They are small, childlike creatures that do not have a gender. They have a pudding-like body and act like human babies. They first appeared in *Sonic Adventure*.

In the *Sonic* games, Chao are digital pets. Several different types of Chao are in the game. The Chao can evolve into many different forms, depending on how the player raises it. The player can raise them and enter them into races or battles. They have also been a part of the games' story and are sometimes seen during parts of the games. For example, the character Cream the Rabbit has a Chao named Cheese, which she uses to defeat enemies.

## References
## Other websites
*Chao Island
Bev Perdue

**Beverly Eaves "Bev" Perdue** (aka **Beverly Marlene Moore**; born January 14, 1947) is an American politician. She is a member of the US Democratic party. From January 2009 to 2013, she was Governor of the U.S. State of North Carolina. She was the first female governor in that state.

Because of declining approval ratings, in January 2012, Perdue said she would not do another term. In January of the following year, Pat McCrory became governor.

Perdue was born in Grundy, Virginia in 1947.

## References
Jane Swift

**Jane M. Swift** (born February 24, 1965) is an American politician. She was the 69th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, in office from 1999 to 2003. She was the Acting Governor of Massachusetts from 2001 to 2003. As of 2014, she is the only female governor in the state of Massachusetts. Swift is Republican.

Swift was born in North Adams, Massachusetts.

## References
Pawleys Island, South Carolina

**Pawleys Island** is a seaport town in northeastern South Carolina. In 2020, 130 people lived there. This town is near Georgetown.

Many cypress cottages on Pawleys Island were built during the 20th century. That made people call the town *arrogantly shabby*. In September 1989, Hurricane Hugo struck south of Pawleys Island. Some cottages were totally destroyed.
Sam LoPresti

**Samuel Leo LoPresti** (January 30, 1917 – December 11, 1984) was an American professional ice hockey goaltender. LoPresti played 2 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks. LoPresti also played 3 seasons for the St. Paul Saints and 13 games with the Kansas City Americans; both of the AHA. He made NHL history on March 4 during a game against the Boston Bruins. He faced a league record 83 shots in a regulation, 60 minute game.

He decided to leave the NHL to join the United States Navy in World War II. He served as a gunner's mate on the SS *Roger B. Taney*. When the ship was torpedoed and sunk during an Atlantic crossing in February 1943, LoPresti was listed as missing in action and was thought to be the first casualty among American professional athletes in the conflict.

He was one of 29 people who took refuge in a single lifeboat with a small amount of water or food. They drifted for 42 days and traveled nearly 2,500 miles (4,000&nbsp;km) southwest before they were found and rescued off the coast of Brazil. The men collected rain water when they could and sometimes drank only 4 imperial fluid ounces (110 mL) per day and had only a small amount of biscuits and bakers chocolate for food. He died on December 11, 1984 in Eveleth, Minnesota from a heart attack.

## References
## Other websites
*
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Florence, South Carolina

**Florence** is a city in northeast South Carolina. Around 39,899 people lived there at the 2020 census. The city was officially chartered in 1871. It was incorporated in 1890.

## References
Falmouth, Massachusetts

in Falmouth]]
**Falmouth** is a coastal town in southeast Massachusetts. The 2020 census population was 32,517. Falmouth is on southwestern Cape Cod, near the Atlantic Ocean.
Jim Henry (ice hockey)

**Samuel James "Sugar Jim" Henry** (October 23, 1920 – January 21, 2004) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Henry played 406 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the New York Rangers, Chicago Black Hawks, and Boston Bruins.

Henry also played in the AHL for the New Haven Eagles/New Haven Ramblers and Indianapolis Capitals, as well as the USHL for the Kansas City Mohawks and the Omaha Knights. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1959 after playing 9 games with the St. Paul Saints of the IHL. After he retired, Henry coached the Toledo Mercurys of the IHL for 1 season and the Brandon Wheat Kings of the SJHL for 1 season.

On October 7, 1948, he was involved in a trade which sent him to the Chicago Black Hawkss for Emile Francis and Alex Kaleta. He was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame & Museum in 2004. He died on January 21, 2004.

## References
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Hughie Lehman

**Frederick Hugh "Old Eagle Eyes" Lehman** (October 27, 1885 – April 12, 1961) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender and coach. He played 48 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks.

He is best known for his time in the PCHL with the Vancouver Millionaires/Vancouver Maroons. He spent 9 years with the franchise and won a Stanley Cup with them in 1914. He then spent 1 year with Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL and split the second year to coach them.

After he retired, he worked in the road construction business and became the president of a paving company. Lehman was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1958.

## References
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Maurice Roberts

**Maurice "Moe" Roberts** (December 13, 1905 – February 7, 1975) was an American retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Roberts played 4 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Boston Bruins, New York Americans, and Chicago Black Hawks.

Roberts also played for the New Haven Eagles and Philadelphia Arrows of the CAHL, the Cleveland Falcons/Cleveland Barons of the IHL/IAHL/AHL, the Pittsburgh Hornets of the AHL, and the Washington Lions of the EHL.

He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1947. Roberts for many years held the distinction of being both the youngest and the oldest goaltender in National Hockey League history. On December 8, 1925, he made his debut at age 19 for the Boston Bruins which made him the youngest goaltender in NHL history (the record was later broken by Harry Lumley 20 years later). On November 25, 1951, Roberts (at that point an assistant trainer with the Chicago Black Hawks) had to play the third period of the game because Lumley had been injured. Even though Roberts did not give up a goal, the Hawks still lost to the Detroit Red Wings, 5-2. Roberts at age 45, in his last NHL game, became the oldest player ever to play in an NHL game (the record was later broken by Gordie Howe and then Chris Chelios). He is still the oldest goaltender to play in an NHL game and was also the final NHL player to have been active in the 1920s.

He was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 2005.

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Andrei Trefilov

**Andrei Viktorovich Trefilov** (born August 31, 1969) is an Russian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Trefilov played 54 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Calgary Flames, Buffalo Sabres, and Chicago Blackhawks.

He played 127 games in the IHL with the Salt Lake Golden Eagles, Indianapolis Ice, Detroit Vipers, and Chicago Wolves. He also played 43 games in the AHL with the Saint John Flames and Rochester Americans, as well as 247 games in the DEL with the Duesseldorf EG and DEG Metro Stars.

He played for the Unified Team that won the gold medal at the 1992 Winter Olympics. He also played for Russia when they won the silver medal in the 1998 Winter Olympics.

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Poul Schlüter

**Poul Holmskov Schlüter** (, 3 April 1929 &ndash; 27 May 2021) was a Danish politician. He served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1982 to 1993. He was also a member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 1999.

Schlüter died on 27 May 2021 in Copenhagen, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
Klute

***Klute*** is a 1971 American mystery thriller movie directed by Alan J. Pakula. It is set in New York City. It stars Donald Sutherland, Jane Fonda, Charles Cioffi, Lee Wallace, Sylvester Stallone, Jean Stapleton, and Roy Scheider. It was released on June 25, 1971. Fonda won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for her role.

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Mike Leigh

**Mike Leigh**, OBE (born 20 February 1943) is an English screenwriter, movie director and actor. His best known movies are *Life Is Sweet* (1990), *Naked* (1993), *Secrets & Lies* (1996), *Career Girls* (1997), *Topsy-Turvy* (1999), *All or Nothing* (2002), and *Vera Drake* (2004).

Leigh was born in Brocket Hall, Welwyn, Hertfordshire. He was bought up in Broughton, Salford, Lancashire. He is Jewish. He was married to actress Alison Steadman from 1973 until they divorced in 2001. They have two sons, Toby and Leo. Leigh lives in Camden, London.

## References
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Catherine Martin

**Catherine Martin** (born 26 January 1965) is an Australian costume designer, production designer, set designer, and movie producer. She has won two Academy Awards for *Moulin Rouge!* (2001) in 2002 and another two for *The Great Gatsby* (2013) in 2014. This makes her the most awarded Australian in Oscar history.

Martin was born in Lindfield, Sydney, New South Wales. She is married to movie director Baz Luhrmann. They have two children.

## References
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* 
*
Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asif Jah I

**Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi, Asaf Jah I** is the first ruler of Hyderabad Kingdom in 1720. He is the founder of Asaf Jahi dynasty.

## Personal life
Asaf Jah was married to Sayed-UnNissa Begum, who belonged to a Sayed family from Gulbarga With this marriage he had four children, two daughters and two sons; Ghazi-Uddin and Nasir Jung. From other wives he had four more sons; Salabat Jung, Nizam Ali Khan-(later Nizam II), Basalat Jung, and Mogal Ali Khan.

## References
Time of My Life (2011 TV series)

***Time of My Life*** is a 2011 Philippine drama billed as a "danserye" (dance TV series), created and developed by GMA Network, starring Mark Herras and Kris Bernal. It premiered on August 1, 2011 on GMA Network in the Philippines and on August 3, 2011 on GMA Pinoy TV.

## Post-production
The very first danserye is based on original concept created for GMA Television by Senedy Que with head writer Des Garbes Severino, choreographers Miggy Tanchanco (modern) and Donald Balbuena (ballroom), and directors Mark Reyes (musicals) and Andoy Ranay (drama). In 2010 it was planned for a working title **Jump**. It is supposed to be replacing *Tween Hearts* but the GMA Network decided to put it on the Primetime block. The show is slated for 2011 despite 2010. Several auditions across the Philippines were held. And the auditionees were seen in Party Pilipinas (until it was premiered on August 2011), with a working title **Time of My Life**.

## References
Uses of English verb forms

The four verb aspects in English (simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous) can be combined with the past, present, and future to create 12 verb forms.

## References
Officer candidate school

**Officer candidate schools** or **Officer Cadet Schools** (**OCS**) are military institutions which train civilians and enlisted personnel to be officers in the armed forces of a country. Different countries and services run their Officer Candidate schools differently. Most schools are for less than one year. An OCS is different from a service academies which include academic instruction leading to a Bachelor's degree. Another difference is that an OCS is taught almost exclusively by the military.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Officer Candidate Schools
List of governors of Iowa

The **Governor of Iowa** is the head of Executive Branch for the Government of Iowa, and commander in chief of military forces in the state. The governor has a term of four years. For being elected, one must be at least 30, and have been a citizen of Iowa for two years. There are no term limits on how long a governor may serve. The current governor is Kim Reynolds since May 24, 2017.

The longest serving governor is Terry Branstad. He served four terms, 1983-99, and was elected again in 2010. He left office in 2017 to become an ambassador. The governors between the terms of Branstad were Tom Vilsack, who served 1999-2007, and Chet Culver.

## Governors
These are the Governors who have served Iowa:

## References
Loch Sheldrake, New York

**Loch Sheldrake** is a hamlet and  census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Fallsburg, New York, in Sullivan County, New York. The zip code for Loch Sheldrake is 12759.

The community was originally named Sheldrake before the railroad came. Because it sat next to a lake it was renamed Loch Sheldrake. The pond there was also renamed Loch Sheldrake Lake. It is bordered by the hamlet of Hurleyville, the Town of Liberty, the hamlet of Hasbrouck, the hamlet of Divine Corners, and the hamlet of Woodbourne. The commercial center of Loch Sheldrake is the intersection of County Road 104 and New York State Route 52, at the edge of Loch Sheldrake lake.

## Notes 
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