open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
7th New York Militia Regiment

Known as the "Silk Stocking" regiment, the **7th Regiment of the New York Militia** served as an infantry unit in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 7th Militia was a pre-war New York Militia unit that was drafted into federal service for the Civil War. It was often referred to as the "Blue-Bloods" because a large number of its soldiers belonged to the social elite of New York City.

## Creation 
During the chaos caused by the British shooting at American warships off Sandy Hook in April 1806, the regiment, which is based in New York City, was established as the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th companies. On June 25, 1861, they became part of the state's uniformed militia and were assigned to the First Brigade of the Battalion of Artillery, which was commanded by Maj. Andrew Sitcher. 

The battalion changed its name to the 2nd Battalion, 3rd Regiment of Artillery, New York State Militia on April 5, 1807. These four companies, along with additional volunteers, were temporarily put together as a regiment under the leadership of Col. Peter Curtenius in 1807 when tensions with the United Kingdom escalated.

The battalion changed its name again, this time to the *Battalion of National Guards*, on August 25th 1824, a name which it kept until 1862. They started wearing gray uniforms at the same time, and said that they planned to become a regiment. By December of 1824, two more companies (groups of soldiers) had joined them.

## References 
## Other websites 
* New York State Military Museum, *7th Regiment New York State Militia*
* 1863 photo
Mouse mammary tumor virus

**Mouse mammary tumor** is a milk-transmitted retrovirus (MMTV), similar to BLV, HI, and HTL viruses. It is a member of the betaretrovirus genus. 

When John Joseph Bittner was employed at the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, in 1936, he proved the extra-chromosomal vertical transmission of murine breast cancer through adoptive nursing. This process was known as the "milk factor" or Bittner virus. Bittner developed the hypothesis that a virus in the mother's milk may spread a carcinogenic agent, or "milk factor," from malignant mothers to young mice. The mouse mammary tumor virus is the primary cause of most mammary cancers in mice.

The virus is vertically transferred from mother to pup by milk, but it is also endogenously carried by a number of mouse strains. It is present in milk lymphocytes as a DNA provirus that is integrated into their DNA. The viruses go to the Peyer's patches via the gastrointestinal system, where they infect the macrophages and subsequently the lymphocytes of the new host.

It was previously thought that the mouse mammary tumor virus was a simple retrovirus. However, it has recently been determined that MMTV is the first complex murine retrovirus to be identified because it encodes an additional self-regulatory mRNA export protein, Rem, that is similar to the HIV Rev protein. Rem seems to go back and forth between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The HIV-1 Rev protein promotes the cytoplasmic accumulation of both unspliced and singly-spliced mRNAs, as opposed to Rem, which exports only unspliced gag/pol mRNA.
Thomas Fredrik Olsen (father)

**Thomas Fredrik Olsen** (15 October 1857 – 29 January 1933)  was a Norwegian businessman and shipowner, owner of the Fred shipping company Olsen & Co.

## Life 
He was born in the village of Filtvet, located in the municipality of Hurum, part of Buskerud county, Norway. He was the son of the shipowner Petter Olsen (1821-1899), father of Gösta Hammarlund and grandfather of Fredrik Olsen. He took over ownership of two of his father's sailing ships, and later invested in the acquisition of steamships. He led the company's expansion from a small business with a few ships to a powerful multinational shipping and shipbuilding company. Olsen was the main shareholder of the Akers Mek workshop. At the time of his death, his company, Fred. Olsen & Co., owned 65 ships. After Olsen's death, his sons Rudolf Olsen and Thomas Olsen took over the company. 

Olsen was also a prominent sailor, winning the Kiel Regatta in 1895. 

## Honours 
* He was awarded a Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olaf in 1911 and a Commander First Class in 1931.
* He was also appointed a member of the Legion of Honour.

## References
Dehydration (chemistry)

In chemistry, **dehydration** means removing a molecule of water from a molecule or molecules containing hydrogen and oxygen.
It includes both removal of a water molecule from one molecule (intramolecular dehydration), and a condensation reaction between two molecules that has water as a byproduct.

Dehydration is a chemical reaction. Removing water from a mixture like a solution is a different process called distillation or desiccation. 

Hydrolysis, where water is added to break apart a molecule, is the opposite of condensation type dehydration. A desiccant can be used to remove water made by a dehydration reaction and avoid the reverse reactions.

## Examples 
Alcohols can be dehydrated using a strong acid (usually sulfuric acid) as a catalyst. Ethanol can go through both types of dehydration: intramolecular dehydration makes ethylene, and condensation makes diethyl ether.

## References
Skindred

**Skindred** is a Welsh rock band that fuses heavy metal with other genres, most notably reggae.

## Musical style and influences 
Skinkred fuse heavy metal, reggae, punk and electronica influences to create a unique style and sound. The band's influences include 311, Bad Brains, Deftones, Gang of Four, Korn, Public Image Ltd, The Clash, Anthrax, Corrosion of Conformity, Dub War, Helmet, Pantera, The Ruts and The Police.

## Members 
* Benji Webbe - lead vocals (1998-present)
* Mikey Demus - guitars, backing vocals (1998-present)
* Daniel Pugsley - bass, backing vocals (1998-present)
* Arya Goggin - drums, percussion (1998-present)

## Discography 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Tetrahydrofuran

of tetrahydrofuran. The red ball is oxygen, black balls are carbon, and white balls are hydrogen.]]

**Tetrahydrofuran** (abbreviated **THF**, systematic name **oxolane**) is an organic compound made of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. It has the chemical formula . It is a cyclic compound and an ether. Because the cycle contains an oxygen atom, it is heterocyclic. It is used as a solvent in organic chemistry and to make some polymers.

## Preparation 
Tetrahydrofuran is mostly made by the dehydration of 1,4-butanediol. A strong acid (usually sulfuric acid) reacts with two equivalents of alcohol, removing a water molecule and connecting the alcohol groups together into an ether. Making a cyclic ether like THF needs both alcohol equivalents to be on one molecule (a diol).

## Uses 
Tetrahydrofuran is an important solvent, used in many chemical reactions where water could damage the chemicals used. It is similar to diethyl ether but has a higher boiling point. 

Ring-opening polymerization of THF makes polytetrahydrofuran, a polymeric diol used to make some kinds of synthetic fiber and polyurethane.

## Related compounds 
It has the same chemical formula as butanone, another solvent. They are structural isomers.

## References
Epichlorohydrin

**Epichlorohydrin** is an organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine. Its name suggests it is a chlorohydrin, but it is not. It is an epoxide.

The largest use of epichlorohydrin is as an ingredient in epoxy resins. It reacts with bisphenol A to make bisphenol A diglycidyl ether.

## References
Sophie Nyweide

**Sophie Nyweide** (2000–2025) was an American actress known for her roles in films such as *Margot at the Wedding* (2007), *Mammoth* (2009), *Bella* (2006) and *Noah* (2014). Her family alleged that she was "taken advantage of by others".

Between 2015 and around 2017, Nyweide was enrolled at Elevations RTC, a residential treatment center for teens in Utah, reportedly at the direction of her mother, Shelly Gibson, who is also an actor.

## Death
She died on April 14, 2025, at the age of 24.  According to an article on "People" she may have died of an "unintentional overdose". Her death is still under investigation. 

## References
Ethyl tert-butyl ether

of ethyl *tert*-butyl ether. The left side is the *tert*-butyl group and the right side is the ethyl group.]]

'*Ethyl *tert*-butyl ether** is a chemical compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It is an ether, a chemical where two carbon atoms are connected by bonds to one oxygen atom. It is also known by the acronym **ETBE*'.

ETBE is an oxygenate, a chemical added to gasoline and other fuels that helps improve combustion. It replaced the similar methyl *tert*-butyl ether because of environmental concerns in the 1990s. It overtook MTBE as the most produced ether-based oxygenate in the European Union as of 2005. ETBE can be made from bio-based ethanol, so it is of interest in biofuel production.

## References
Maria Konopnicka

**Maria Konopnicka** (May 32, 1842 - October 8, 1910) was a Polish novelist and poet during the 18th century. She wrote books based off of realism and short stories for children, she was also an activist, a journalist, a critic, and a translator for the women's rights and for Polish Independence. She used pseudonyms, including Jan Sawa. She was one of the most important poets of Poland's Positivist period.

## Life 
Maria was born on May 32, 1842 in Suwalki, Poland. Her father, Józef Wasiłowski, was a lawyer. She was home-schooled and spent a year (1855–56) at a convent *pension* of the Sisters of Eucharistic Adoration in Warsaw

## Works 
Konopnicka wrote prose (primarily short stories) as well as poems. One of her most characteristic styles were poems stylized as folk songs. She would try her hand at many genres of literature, such as reportage sketches, narrative memoirs, psychological portrait studies and others.

A common theme in her works was the oppression and poverty of the peasantry, workers, and Polish Jews. Due to her sympathy for Jewish people, she was considered a philosemite. Her works were also highly patriotic and nationalistic.

One of her best known works is the long epic in six cantos, *Mister Balcer in Brazil* (*Pan Balcer w Brazylii*, 1910), on the Polish emigrants in Brazil. Another one was *Rota* (*Oath*, 1908) which was set to the music by Feliks Nowowiejski two years later became an unofficial anthem of Poland, particularly in the territories of the Prussian Partition. This patriotic poem was strongly critical of the Germanization policies and therefore described as anti-German.

## References 
## Other Websites 
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maria-Konopnicka
Seljuk Civil War (1073)

## Background
Sultan Alp Arslan marked a campaign to the Turkestan region with a large army of 200,000 people at the end of September 1072 to prevent the internal struggle between the Karakhanids and the raids of the Seljuk lands. He took delivery of the castle of Barzam, which he had besieged for a while during the campaign. Alp Arslan, who was seriously injured by the castle commander Yusuf Hârizmi, who appeared before him, with a small dagger he hid in his boot, died four days later.

## War
### Occupation of Isfahan (1073)
However, right after Malik-Shah's accession, his uncle Qavurt claimed the throne for himself and sent Malik-Shah a message which said: "I am the eldest brother, and you are a youthful son; I have the greater right to my brother Alp-Arslan's inheritance. "Malik-Shah then replied by sending the following message: "A brother does not inherit when there is a son." This message enraged Qavurt, who thereafter occupied Isfahan.

### Kerech
In 1073 a battle took place near Hamadan, which lasted three days. Qavurt was accompanied by his seven sons, and his army consisted of Turkmens, while the army of Malik-Shah consisted of *ghulams* ("military slaves") and contingents of Kurdish and Arab troops. During the battle, the Turks of Malik-Shah's army mutinied against him, but he nevertheless managed to defeat and capture Qavurt. Qavurt then begged for mercy and in return promised to retire to Oman. However, Nizam al-Mulk declined the offer, claiming that sparing him was an indication of weakness. After some time, Qavurt was strangled to death with a bowstring, while two of his sons were blinded. After having dealt with that problem, Malik-Shah appointed Qutlugh-Tegin as the governor of Fars and Sav-Tegin as the governor of Kerman.

## References
Anomaloglossus verbeeksnyderorum

***Anomaloglossus verbeeksnyderorum*** is a frog.  Scientists found it in Venezuela.

## Home
This frog is awake during the day.  It lives in streams over granite rock in forests that have never been cut. Scientists saw this frog between 56 and 300 meters above sea level.

Scientists think the frog might live in some protected places, for example Sipapo Forest Reserve and Chivapure-Cuchivero Forest Area Under Protection.

## Young
The male frogs hide in the dead leaves on the ground and call to the female frogs. After the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to ponds, where they swim and grow.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in big danger of dying out.  Human beings, for example visitors, come to their home and change it. Bad chemicals can also kill this frog. Sometimes people dig for aluminum and gold in the ground.

## First paper
*

## References
Michael Atherton

**Michael Andrew Atherton**  (born 23 March 1968) is a broadcaster, journalist and a former England international cricketer. A right-handed opening batsman for Lancashire and England, and occasional leg-break bowler, he achieved the captaincy of England at the age of 25 and led the side in a then record 54 Test matches.

Known for his stubborn resistance during an era of hostile fast bowling, Atherton was described in 2001 as a determined defensive opener who made "batting look like trench warfare". He had several famed  with bowlers including South Africa's Allan Donald and Australia's Glenn McGrath. Atherton often played the anchor role at a time when England batting performances lacked consistency.

## References
## Bibliography
* 

## Other websites
* 
* Atherton's personal website
Chen Szu-yu (table tennis)

**Chen Szu-yu** (; born 1 August 1993) is a Taiwanese table tennis player. She competed for Chinese Taipei at the 2012,
2016, and 2020 Summer Olympics. Chen is a two-time medalist at the World Team Championships as a member of the Chinese Taipei women's team.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Lars-Erik Englund

Generallöjtnant (Lieutenant General) **Lars-Erik Englund** (23 March 1934 – 19 October 2010) was a Swedish Air Force officer. His senior appointments included military commander of the Upper Norrland Military District (Milo ÖN) from 1986 to 1988 and Chief of the Air Force/Chief of Air Force Command from 1988 to 1994.

## Personal life
In 1954, Englund married Gunn Wendel (died in 1981). He married a second time in 1986 with Birgitta Mårdstam (born 1940).

## Dates of rank
*19?? – Fänrik (Second lieutenant)
*19?? – Löjtnant (Lieutenant)
*19?? – Kapten (Captain)
*1971 – Major
*1972 – Överstelöjtnant (Lieutenant colonel)
*1979 – Överste (Colonel)
*1983 – Major general
*1986 – Generallöjtnant (Lieutenant general)

## Awards and decorations
*   Commander of the Legion of Merit (November 1992)
*   Commander of the National Order of Merit (1992)
*  Commander 1st Class of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (1992)
*  Swedish Air Force Volunteers Association Medal of Merit in silver (1991)

## Bibliography
*

## References
Mohammadreza

**Mohammadreza** is a given name.
*Mohammadreza Abbasi (born 1996), is an Iranian footballer 
*Mohammadreza Golzar (born 1977), is an Iranian actor, singer and model 
*Mohammadreza Khodadai (born 1985), is an Iranian professional fitness coach
Paul Kuhr

**Paul August Kuhr, III** (born December 4, 1971, in Berwyn, Illinois, USA) is a  musician, vocalist, lyricist, author, and graphic designer from America. He is the singer and founding member for the band Novembers Doom.

## Discography
**Novembers Doom**

* Amid its Hallowed Mirth (1995)
* For Every Leaf That Falls - EP (1997)
* Of Sculptured Ivy and Stone Flowers (1999)
* The Knowing (2000)
* To Welcome the Fade (2002) 
* The Pale Haunt Departure (2005)
* The Novella Reservoir (2007)
* Into Night's Requiem Infernal (2009)
* Aphotic (2011)
* Bled White (2014)
* Hamartia (2017)
* Nephilim Grove (2019)

**These Are They**

* Who Manifest (2009)
* Who Linger (2009)
* Disposing of Betrayers (2010)
* At the Feast of Seven Funerals (2014)
* 1871 (2014)

**Subterranean Masquerade**

* Temporary Psychotic State (2004)
* Various - Tribute To Dead Can Dance: The Lotus Eaters (2004)
* Suspended Animation Dreams (2005)
* Home (2013)
* The Great Bazaar (2015)

**Em Sinfonia**

* In Mournings Symphony (1999)

**Guest Appearances (Vocals)**

* Andy Winter - *Incomprehensible* - The Transversal Conjecture
* Broken Anatomy - The Lazarus Regret
* Devin Townsend Project - *Deconstruction* - Praise The Lowered
* Draconian - *Turning Season Within* - When I Wake, Earthbound, The Failure Epiphany, Morphine Cloud, September Ashes
* Earthen - Indian Summer
* Fading Bliss - *From Illusion To Despair* - Walk Through Despair
* Falling Leaves -  *Mournful Cry Of A Dying Sun* - Vanished Serenity
* On Thorns I Lay - *Aegean Sorrow* - The Final Truth
* Thurisaz - *The Cimmerian Years* - No Regrets
* Witherscape - *The Inheritance* - Dying For the Sun
* Within the Fall - *Where Sorrow Grows* - A Dream Yet to Come
* Heart of Gold: A Tribute to Woods of Ypres - Wet Leather (as Novembers Doom) - Finality (as Kuhrzarth)

## References
Carolyn Lazard

**Carolyn Lieba Francois Lazard** (born 1987) is an American artist based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Lazard uses the experience of chronic illness to examine concepts of intimacy and the labor of living involved with chronic illnesses. Lazard is a 2019 Pew Foundation Fellow and one of the first recipients of The Ford Foundation's 2020 Disability Futures Fellows Awards. In 2023, Lazard was selected as a recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship, colloquially known as the "genius grant."

## Exhibitions 
*2016 – Anthology Film Archives, New York City
*2017 – *Trigger: Gender as a Tool and a Weapon,* New Museum, New York City
*2018 – *Crip Time*, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, NL
*2018 – *Post Institutional Stress Disorder 2,* Kunsthal Aarhus, Germany
*2018 – *A Recipe for Disaster,* Camden Art Centre, London, UK
*2018 – the Kitchen, New York City
*2018 – *epigenetic,* Shoot the Lobster, New York City
*2018 – Essex Street Gallery, New York City
*2019 – Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN
*2020 – *SYNC,* Essex Street Gallery, New York City
*2022 – Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN

## References
## Other websites
* Carolyn Lazard – Contemporary Art Daily
*Artist's Website 
*Canaries
Jasper Liu

**Jasper Liu Yi-hao** (; born August 12, 1986) is a Taiwanese male actor, model, and musician. Liu started out as a model before crossing over to acting and gaining recognition across Taiwan and other parts of Asia. Some of his notable works include *More than Blue* (2018), *Before We Get Married* (2019), *Triad Princess* (2019), and *Pleasantly Surprised* (2014).

From 2009 to 2016, Liu was a member of the electronic post-rock band Morning Call, playing guitar and backup vocals. He released his debut extended play *U* on September 4, 2020.

## Discography
### Singles
### Extended plays
## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Eelin page  
* Jasper Liu Weibo page  
* Morning Call Facebook page
*
No, David!

**No, David!** is a 1998 children's picture book created by David Shannon.

## Plot
David, a 6-years-old boy who cause mischief, drawing on the wall and mom supposed to use paper. After he is getting hungry, reaches a cookie jar and making a mess which traces a mud over his floor. Meanwhile, David performs a pirate and splash over to chase him a shark, runs away naked before the tub will waste the flooding to stop the water faucet turns off. He then chases his mother to obey to change his clothes on. He heads to the house and performs a circus pirade form as pounding pots for their distracting, who make a deed to goof off at lunch to play with his food toy and devours broader mouth open. Disobeying, he jumps into furniture and performing a superhero in his room and mimicked over watching TV, picking his nose and comes in to clean them stuff away. The last straw goes playing baseball, accidentally shattered a vase and his mother scolded receives a timeout. He nervously agree what he become his mischievous actions, feels happy and done apologizing to herself and both embracing each other.

## Sequels
### David Goes to School (1999)
David runs late during school, he occurs to pay attention to the teacher's rules. According to the schedule, who was able to be listening and not make cause trouble (the painting, lunch, recess, reading, drawing, and cleans the desk). At the end of the day, he earn to go home with his friends.
Iain Macleod

**Iain Norman Macleod** (11 November 1913 – 20 July 1970) was a British Conservative Party politician.

Macleod had ankylosing spondylitis. He is buried in the churchyard of Gargrave Church in North Yorkshire, near his mother who had died seven weeks earlier. Evelyn Macleod was struck down in June 1952 with meningitis and polio, but subsequently managed to walk again with the aid of sticks and worked hard to support her husband's career. After her husband's death she accepted a peerage in 1971 and took her seat in the House of Lords as Baroness Macleod of Borve.

## References
## Sources
* The Macleods – The Genealogy of a Clan, Section Four by Alick Morrison, M.A., by Associated Clan Macleod Societies, Edinburgh, 1974
* The MacLeods – The Genealogy of a Clan, Section Four by The Late Major Loudoun Hector Davenport MacLeod, RM, 1988
* 
* 
* 
* Grigg *Lloyd George: War Leader * (Allen Lane, London, 2002) 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites
*British Army Officers 1939−1945
*"The tragic loss of Iain Macleod", Douglas Hurd, *Total Politics*, 21 February 2013

*

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-
Mick Mars

**Robert Alan Deal** known professionally as **Mick Mars**, is an American musician best known as the former lead guitarist and co-founder of the heavy metal band Mötley Crüe, being the oldest of the four original members. He is known for his aggressive, melodic solos and bluesy riffs.

## Discography 
### Solo 
* *The Other Side of Mars* (2024)

### With Mötley Crüe 
* *Too Fast for Love* (1981)
* *Shout at the Devil* (1983)
* *Theatre of Pain* (1985)
* *Girls, Girls, Girls* (1987)
* *Dr. Feelgood* (1989)
* *Mötley Crüe* (1994)
* *Generation Swine* (1997)
* *New Tattoo* (2000)
* *Saints of Los Angeles* (2008)

### With Hear 'n Aid 
* ''Hear 'n Aid'' (1986)

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Samhita

**Samhita** (**सम्हिता** IAST: Saṃhitā) translates to "put together" or "joined" and refers to a collection or systematic arrangement of verses or texts. It is the oldest part of the Vedas and includes mantras, hymns, prayers, litanies, and blessings.

Parts of *Vedic Samhitas* constitute the oldest living part of Hindu tradition.

## Word Meaning 
"Samhita" is a Sanskrit word formed from "sam" (सम्), meaning "together," and "hita" (हित), which comes from "dhā" (धा), meaning "put." The word means "joined, arranged, or united." It also refers to something that matches a principle like dharma (justice or duty) or is connected to it. In its feminine form, "Samhitā" (संहिता) is a noun meaning "union," "connection," or "arrangement of texts or verses in a systematic way," and can describe how letters are combined according to sound rules.

## Discussion 
*Samhita*, in contemporary literature typically implies the earliest, archaic part of the Vedas. These contain mantras – sacred sounds with or without literal meaning, as well as panegyrics, prayers, litanies and benedictions petitioning nature or Vedic deities. Vedic Samhita refer to mathematically precise metrical archaic text of each of the *Vedas* (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda).

The Vedas have been divided into four styles of texts – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Brahmanas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Aranyakas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (text discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). The Samhitas are sometimes identified as *karma-khanda* (कर्म खण्ड, action / ritual-related section), while the Upanishads are identified as *jnana-khanda* (ज्ञान खण्ड, knowledge / spirituality-related section). The Aranyakas and Brahmanas are variously classified, sometimes as the ceremonial *karma-khanda*, other times (or parts of them) as the *jnana-khanda*.

The *Vedic Samhitas* were chanted during ceremonies and rituals, and parts of it remain the oldest living part of Hindu tradition.

Historically, there were five recensions of the Rigveda Samhita, but now only one survives. The Samaveda has three Samhitas, two of which are quite similar, while the Atharvaveda has two. The term "samhita" also appears in titles of some non-Vedic texts like the Pancharatra Samhitas and the Brhat Samhita, an astrological work, as well as in the Bhagavata Purana, which self-references as a samhita.

## Examples 
The Gayatri mantra is among the famous Hindu mantras. It is found in Rig Veda Samhita.:ॐ भूर्भुवस्वः। तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यम्। भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि। धियो यो नः प्रचोदयात्

– Rig Veda 3.62.10

## References
1915 genocide in Diyarbekir

During 1915, an anti christian systematical genocide campaign was perperated by Committee of Union and Progress. The genocide was affected the demographics of Turkey.

The campaign was ordered by Diyarbekir governor Mehmed Reshid, which supported by the CUP.

## Sources
*Gaunt, David (2006). Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I. Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-59333-301-0.
*Gaunt, David (2012). "Relations between Kurds and Syriacs and Assyrians in Late Ottoman Diyarbekir". Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915. Brill. pp. 241–266. ISBN 978-90-04-23227-3.
*Gaunt, David (2013). "Failed Identity and the Assyrian Genocide". Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands (illustrated ed.). Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-00631-8.
*Gaunt, David (2015). "The Complexity of the Assyrian Genocide". Genocide Studies International. 9 (1): 83–103. doi:10.3138/gsi.9.1.05. ISSN 2291-1847.
*Gaunt, David (2017). "Sayfo Genocide: The Culmination of an Anatolian Culture of Violence". Let Them Not Return: Sayfo - The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Berghahn Books. pp. 54–69. ISBN 978-1-78533-499-3.
*Kévorkian, Raymond (2011). The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85771-930-0.
*Üngör, Uğur Ümit (2011). The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-965522-9.
*Üngör, Uğur Ümit (2017). "How Armenian was the 1915 Genocide?". Let Them Not Return: Sayfo - The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Berghahn Books. pp. 33–53. ISBN 978-1-78533-499-3.
*Suny, Ronald Grigor (2015). "They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-6558-1.

## References
Nikolai Ostrovsky

**Nikolai Alekseyevich Ostrovsky** (; ; 29 September 1904 – 22 December 1936) was a blind Soviet socialist realist writer. He is best known for his novel *How the Steel Was Tempered*.

After living for years with paralysis, illness and blindness due to congenital ankylosing spondylitis as well as complications from typhus, Ostrovsky died on 22 December 1936, aged 32. Because of his early death, he was unable to complete his second novel, *Born of the Storm*, on the Russian Civil War.

## Quotations
## References
* Елена Толстая-Сегал, К литературному фону книги : 'Как закалялась сталь', Cahiers du Monde Russe  Année 1981  22-4  pp.&nbsp;375–399
* Лев Аннинский, Обрученные с идеей (О повести 'Как закалялась сталь' Николая Островского)
* Раиса Островская, Николай Островский, серия ЖЗЛ, Молодая гвардия, 1984
* Евгений Бузни, Литературное досье Николая Островского
* Тамара Андронова, Слишком мало осталось жить... Николай Островский. Биография. – М.: Государственный музей – Гуманитарный центр «Преодоление» имени Н.А. Островского, 2014.
* Entry in the Encyclopedia of Soviet Writers
* Jurij Mycyk. Did the Author of Pavka Korchagin Take Part in the Civil War? 
* Bohdan Dem′janchuk. How Ostrovsky Was Tempered 
* Petro Kraljuk. The "Steel" Man from Shepetivka 
* Svitlana Kabachynsjka. Life Free from Shame 
* The Nikolay Ostrovsky state museum - humanitarian center "Overcoming" at Google Cultural Institute

## Other websites
Sigurd Rosted

**Sigurd Rosted** (; born 22 July 1994) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Major League Soccer club Toronto FC and the Norway national team.

Described as a calm and intelligent centre-back with leading abilities,

### International goals
:''Scores and results list Norway's goal tally first.''

## Honours
**Brøndby**
* Danish Superliga: 2020–21

## References
## Other websites
* MLS profile
* Sigurd Rosted at Brøndby IF
*
Adam Rickitt

**Adam Peter Rickitt** (born 29 May 1978) is an English actor and singer. He portrayed the part of Nick Tilsley on the British soap opera *Coronation Street* from 1997 to 1999, and again from 2002 to 2004. He later joined the New Zealand soap *Shortland Street* for a three-year stint between 2007 and 2010. From 2017 to 2020, he appeared as Kyle Kelly on Channel 4's *Hollyoaks*. His other credits include the BBC's  *Doctors* (2001; 2016; 2023).

Rickitt had a musical career, both as a solo artist and as a member of 5th Story, a supergroup formed for the ITV reality series *The Big Reunion*. Alone, he released *Good Times* (1999) through Polydor Records, an album that spawned the UK Top 25 singles "I Breathe Again", "Everything My Heart Desires", and "The Best Thing". He attempted to embark on a political career within the Conservative Party in 2005, but has since denounced the party's views.

## Filmography
## Discography
### Studio albums
### Singles
## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
*
*
Leonard Trask

**Leonard Trask** (June 30, 1805&nbsp;– April 13, 1861) was an American who had a "contortion of neck and spine" during his late 20s after an accident while horse riding, which led to Trask becoming a medical curiosity. After numerous attempts at a cure, several further accidents resulting from his condition, and a loss of employment and mobility, Trask (by then earning small amounts of money as a curiosity) published an account of his condition which further increased his renown. His condition remained unsolved upon his death, but he was diagnosed *post mortem* with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

## Early life and injuries
Trask was born in June 1805 in Hartford, Maine. In 1833, while in his late 20s—having spent his life thus far as a farm hand—he was involved in an accident in which a pig ran under the hooves of his horse, causing it to buck and throw Trask to the ground. Landing on his neck, Trask was severely injured, and spent "several days" crawling back to his home. The 1833 fall from a horse exacerbated the condition and resulted in severe deformity. Tucker reported:

Trask's injury had further been exacerbated in 1840 when he fell into a load of hay, and in 1853 when he was thrown from his wagon, breaking his collar bone and four of his ribs. Despite the severity of the injury, which further deformed his spine, pushing his chin into his chest to the extent that it hampered breathing, and despite being told he would be dead by morning, Trask recovered and was able to walk again.

## Career as the Invalid
Trask was now severely disabled. His wife nursed him, as he was unable to navigate—not being able to see more than a short distance in front of him without leaning backwards. It contains numerous accounts of Trask's activities, such as "Mr. Trask in Pursuit of Fuel" and "Mr Trask at the Circus". During all Trask is referred to as 'Mr. T.' His account became the first documented case of AS in the United States.

## Notes
## References
* 
* 
*
Telugu Desam Party

**The Telugu Desam Party** (**TDP**; transl. *Party of the Telugu Land*) is a political group in India that mainly works in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was started by N. T. Rama Rao, a famous Telugu actor, on March 29, 1982. The party aims to help Telugu-speaking people and has won the majority in Andhra Pradesh's state assembly five times. Right now, it leads the state government in Andhra Pradesh.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.

The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) supports Telugu pride and was created to challenge Congress's dominance. It focuses on helping farmers, disadvantaged groups, and middle-class people. Since the 1990s, it has adopted policies that favor business and economic growth.

The TDP uses yellow as the background colour for its flag, with a hut, wheel and plough symbol in front. The party's electoral symbol is bicycle.

## References
Vishva Hindu Parishad

The **Vishva Hindu Parishad** (विश्व हिन्दू परिषद्) (VHP), meaning "World Council of Hindus," is a right-wing Hindu organization in India that promotes Hindu nationalism. It was founded in 1964 by M. S. Golwalkar, S. S. Apte, and Swami Chinmayananda. Its goal is to unite Hindus and protect Hindu traditions. The VHP focuses on building and renovating Hindu temples, addressing issues like cow slaughter and religious conversions. It is part of the Sangh Parivar, a group of Hindu nationalist organizations led by the RSS.

The VHP has been criticised for contributing to violence against Muslims in India, most notably for its role in the demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992 over the Ayodhya dispute.

## References
Grand River

**Grand River** may refer to:
__TOC__
## Rivers
### Canada
* Grand River (Ontario)

### United States
* Grand River (Michigan)
* Grand River (Ohio)
* Grand River (Oklahoma)
* Grand River (Missouri) in Iowa and Missouri
* Grand River (Oklahoma)
* Grand River (South Dakota) in North and South Dakota

## Cities and towns 
### Canada
* Grand River, Nova Scotia

### United States
* Grand River, Iowa
* Grand River, Ohio
* Grand Rivers, Kentucky

### Mauritius
* Grand River, Mauritius
The Bosnian Book of the Dead

In January 2013, the Research and Documentation Center in Sarajevo published its final research on Bosnia-Herzegovina's war casualties, titled ***The Bosnian Book of the Dead***. 

## Overview
The research was summarized in a database that included 97,207 confirmed names of Bosnia and Herzegovina's citizens, killed during the 1992–1995 war, with an additional 5,100 unconfirmed names. An international team of experts evaluated the findings before they were released. Ewa Tabeu, the head of the ICTY Demographic Unit, called it "the largest existing database on Bosnian war victims".

## Confirmed casualties
Of the 97,207 casualties documented by 2013:
* 60% were soldiers, 40% civilians
* 90% were male
* 62% were Bosniaks, 25% Bosnian Serbs, and just over 8% Croats
* Of civilian victims, 82% were Bosniaks, 10% Bosnian Serbs, and 6.5% Bosnian Croats, with a small number of Jews, Roma and others.

The percentage of civilian victims would probably have been higher had survivors not reported their loved-ones as "soldiers" to access social services and other post-mortem benefits.

 in Srebrenica, 1996.]] in Potocari, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where key events in the July 1995 Srebrenica Massacre unfolded. July 2007.]] of a victim of the Srebrenica massacre (July 1995), with a bullet entry point in the cranium. Exhumed mass grave outside the village of Potocari, Bosnia and Herzegovina. July 2007.]]

## Related pages
* The Holocaust
* Bosnian genocide
* Cambodian genocide
* Genocides by the Soviet Union
* Yugoslav massacres of Kosovo Albanians during the Kosovo War

## Notelist
## References
TVOKids

**TVOKids** (stylized as **tvokids**) is the brand for most of the children's programming aired by TVO (formerly TVOntario) in Canada. It was launched on April 1, 1994, and runs from 6:00&nbsp;a.m. to 7:00&nbsp;p.m. daily, the program aimed at 2-to-11-years-old children.

## Programs
* *Arthur* (January 6, 1997—present)
* *Galapagos X* (November 25, 2023―present)
* *PAW Patrol* (August 27, 2013―present)
* *Wild Kratts* (January 11, 2011―present)
* *Odd Squad* (November 26, 2014―present)
* *Hero Elementary* (September 9, 2020―present)
* *Clifford the Big Red Dog* (January 9, 2023―present)

### Former
* *Fireman Sam* (September 3, 1994―January 13, 2001)
* *The Magic School Bus* (January 9, 1995―September 2017)
* *Thomas & Friends* (1998―2018)
* *Zoboomafoo* (January 4, 1999―September 4, 2016)
* *Shining Time Station* (September 6, 1999―September 3, 2000)
* *George Shrinks* (September 8, 2000―August 25, 2012)
* *Timothy Goes to School* (September 8, 2000―January 26, 2015)
* *ToddWorld* (January 3, 2005―August 31, 2008)
* *Bob the Builder* (September 8, 2006―August 31, 2008)
* *WordGirl* (September 7, 2007―September 6, 2020)
* *Martha Speaks*
* *Sid the Science Kid*
* *Ella the Elephant* (July 29, 2013―July 14, 2019)
* *Top Wing* (November 6, 2017―July 2, 2020)

#### Acquired
* *The Wordies* (October 1, 2007–September 6, 2009)

## Other websites
* Website
* Preschool
* School age
Weldon, California

**Weldon** is a census-designated place near northeast through Lake Isabella, California. At the 2020 United States census, 2,303 people lived here.

## School
Founded on March 26, 1921, the schools impacted by South Fork Union School District aimed at preschool to 8th grade, which was mascoted *Mustangs*.

## References
Bakersfield College

**Bakersfield College** (**BC**) is a public community college in Bakersfield, California, United States. BC serves about 31,000 students each semester or 46,500 annually, and offers associate degrees, certificate programs, and is one of fifteen California Community Colleges offering a baccalaureate degree. It is part of the Kern Community College District (KCCD), which is itself part of the California Community Colleges system.

## History 
Founded in 1913 as **Bakersfield Junior College**, the school was initially housed on the campus of Bakersfield High School (then Kern County Union High School). In 1947, the school dropped "Junior" from its name. In 1956, Bakersfield College moved to its current location "on the hill" in northeast Bakersfield on the "Panorama Bluffs" that overlook the prolific Kern River Oil Field.

## References
Zoramthanga

**Zoramthanga** (born 13 July 1944) is an Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Mizoram from 1998 to 2008 and 2018 to 2023. He is also the president of Mizo National Front (MNF) party. He represents the Aizawl East I constituency in the Mizoram Legislative Assembly since 2018 and Champhai constituency from 1998 to 2008. 

He was the second-in-command to Laldenga during the Mizo National Front's movement for independence. After Laldenga died in 1990, he became the party leader when MNF became a recognized political party. In 1987, he served as Minister of Finance and Education. His party lost the 2008 elections to the Indian National Congress, and he lost in both constituencies he contested. He resigned on December 8, 2008, and left office three days later, blaming anti-incumbency for the loss. In 2018, his party regained power, and he became Chief Minister again. Until 2023, he was the oldest Chief Minister in India.
## References
Jameh Mosque of Atigh

**Atigh Jameh Mosque of Shiraz** (Persian: مسجد جامع عتیق) is the oldest mosque in the city of Shiraz, Iran. It was built in the 9th century.

In the year 752 AH (16th century CE), a new building was added in the center of the mosque’s courtyard. This building is called Dar al-Mostafa. It has Quran verses written in beautiful calligraphy around it. The design and the use of stone give the courtyard a special look.

Since 1932, the mosque has been listed as a national monument of Iran.

## Gallery 

File:Atiq_Jameh_Mosque_of_Shiraz,_Iran_1999_VB_01.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Atiq_Jameh_Mosque_of_Shiraz,_Iran_1999_VB_01.jpg|The mosque dome
File:Jameh_Mosque_of_Atigh.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jameh_Mosque_of_Atigh.jpg|The mosque at night
File:Ali_0504.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ali_0504.jpg|The mosque *sahn*, iwan, and minarets
File:Ali_0503.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ali_0503.jpg|*Khuda Khane*
File:Atigh_mosque.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Atigh_mosque.jpg|Tiled interior muqarnas on the northern iwan

## References
Vikkstar123

**Vikram Singh Barn** (born 2 August 1995), better known as **Vikkstar123** or simply **Vikkstar**, is an English influencer. He is a member of the YouTube group the Sidemen.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
*
Dog grooming

**Dog grooming** means the hygienic care of dogs. It is a process where the physical appearance of a dog is changed. A dog groomer is someone who makes the dog's hygiene better. They can cleaning, bathe, brush, trim the dog, or give the dog a nail clipping, or ear cleaning.

## References
Katherine Agapay

**Katherine C. Agapay** , simply better known as **Karen Agapay**, is a Filipino politician for the Vice Governatorial and elected running for Governor in 2025 Laguna local elections.

## Governatorial
He is currently served as the provincial Governatorial of Laguna since 2022 and elected running for the Governatorial along with her opponents Dan Fernandez, Ruth Hernandez and Sol Aragones.

She was defeated in an upset by Sol Aragones in her run for Provincial Governatorial.

## Related pages
* JM Carait - a board member and vice governatorial of Laguna.

## References
Anomaloglossus surinamensis

The **Suriname rock frog** (*Anomaloglossus surinamensis*) is a frog.  Scientists found it in Suriname and French Guiana.

## Home
This frog lives in the dead leaves on the ground near small streams in forest that has never been cut down on mountains.

Scientists saw the frog in two protected places: Kaw Natural Reserve and Nouragura Reserve.

## Young
The male frogs call to the female frogs during the rainy time of year. Scientists think these frogs have young in the same way as other frogs in *Anomaloglossus*: The female lays eggs on leaves and the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in big danger of dying out.  Human beings dig for gold in the frog's home even though it is against the law to dig for gold there.  Scientists think the disease chytridiomycosis could kill this frog because they have seen the fungus that causes it, , on other amphibians in French Guiana.  Climate change could also kill this frog. Because it lives so high above sea level, it would be hard for the frog to move somewhere cooler or wetter if its home becomes too hot or dry.

## First paper
*

## References
Resonite

***Resonite*** is an online game. It is a 3D world where people can meet and play. A person from the Czech Republic named Tomáš Mariančík made it; his nickname is “Frooxius.” A company called Yellow Dog Man Studios operates it. Users can meet and talk to others using 3D avatars they create. They can visit 3D worlds made by other users. Users can also use different items and media. The game lets users build and share their own 3D things inside the world. This includes avatars, items to use, and whole places to explore. The community makes and shares everything inside of the game. Resonite works best with special glasses for virtual reality (VR). You need a Microsoft Windows computer. But you can also play it on a computer screen with a mouse and keyboard. This is called desktop mode. You can switch between playing in VR and playing on the desktop easily.

## References
Kaw-Roura Marshland Nature Reserve

The **Kaw-Roura Marshland Nature Reserve** (French: *Réserve naturelle nationale des marais de Kaw-Roura*) is in French Guiana. It is a wetland. People use boats to go there.  People sometimes call the reserve "the Everglades of Guiana."

## Overview
The Kaw-Roura Marshland Nature Reserve has marshland, mangrove forests, savannas, and tropical rainforests. It is the largest wetland in French Guiana. It is from Roura to Régina, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Amazonian rainforest. The Kaw River, the Approuague, and the Angélique Creek flow into the wetland.

The Kaw-Roura Marshland has been a Ramsar site since 1993, and it has been a nature reserve since 1998. 

The village of Kaw is in the reserve.

## Plants and animals
 in the bamboo]]
More than half the protected species in French Guiana live in the Kaw-Roura Marshland Nature Reserve, for example the black caiman, manatees, the giant otter, the jaguar, and the matamata turtle. 

Many birds come to the reserve; 535 bird species. Many birds come there to spend the winter or lay eggs. The agami heron, the great egret, the cock-of-the-rock, and the crested eagle all live in the reserve.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website (in French)
*
Jenny Hanley

**Hanley** is the daughter of actors Dinah Sheridan and Jimmy Hanley. After her education at schools in Southern England and in Switzerland, she trained as a nanny and did modelling work. Through her mother, she is of Russian and German descent. Hanley’s grandmother was a photographer who, as Studio Lisa,  had privileged access to the royal family, photographing both Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret in relaxed, family poses and the next generation, Prince Charles, Princess Anne and Prince Edward in informal shots. She also helped to launch the career of a male model who later became an actor, Roger Moore.

She is probably most memorable as the face of ITV’s iconic Children’s programme – “Magpie” for six years. But she’s also remembered as the ‘Bond Girl’ in the James Bond film On Her Majesty’s Secret Service and as Christopher Lee’s Count Dracula prey in Scars of Dracula. She returned to the stage in 2017 in Agatha Christie ‘The Hollow’ and in 2018 starred in the United National Theatre Company’s ‘The Hound of the Baskervilles’.

Jenny has appeared in movies alongside Ava Gardner, Peter Sellers and Ingrid Bergman. She turned down legendary lothario Warren Beatty and beat Raquel Welch and Brigitte Bardot to the title of the world’s sexiest woman.

Her brother, Sir Jeremy Hanley, had a career as an accountant and later became a Conservative Party MP. 

Hanley married Herbie Clark in 1980 and divorced in 1997. Jenny is the mother of two sons and now lives in Hastings.

## References
Simula sa Gitna

***Simula sa Gitna*** (English: ***Begin in the Middle***) is a Philippine comedy drama streaming television miniseries directed and written by Antoinette Jadaone. Produced by Bianca Balbuena and Dan Villegas under Ánima and Project 8, starring Khalil Ramos and Maris Racal in the lead role. A spin-off to *Hintayan ng Langit*, it aired on Amazon Prime Video from November 2 to November 30, 2023.

## Cast 
*Source:*
* Khalil Ramos as Andrew
* Maris Racal as Sarah
* Jane Oineza as Missy
* Dolly de Leon as Mayor Susan
* Adrian Lindayag  
* Gio Alvarez
* Joel Saracho as Elias/Tagasuri
* Meann Espinosa

## Episodes 
## Production 
The series was announced on Amazon Prime Video. It is a spin-off of the 2018 movie *Hintayan ng Langit*, directed by Dan Villegas. Khalil Ramos and Maris Racal were cast to appear in the series. Principal photography of the series commenced in March 2023, and concluded in April 2023 at the Manila Central Post Office.

## Release 
The poster was unveiled on October 19, 2023 and the trailer was released on October 25, 2023.

The series was made available to stream on Amazon Prime Video on November 2, 2023.

## Other websites 
* 
* *Simula sa Gitna* on Amazon Prime Video 

## References
The Playroom (2013 video game)

***The Playroom*** is a 2013 platform game developed by Team Asobi (then part of Japan Studio) for the newly released PlayStation 4.
Prince Nicholas of Romania

**Prince Nicholas of Romania** (5 August 1903 – 9 June 1978), later known as **Prince Nicholas of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen**, was the fourth child and second son of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his wife Queen Marie.

## References