open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Transcendental idealism

***Transcendental idealism*** is a part of philosophy. It was founded by German philosopher Immanuel Kant in 18th century. He wrote about it in his most famous work *Critique of Pure Reason* (1781). Transcendental idealism has several meanings. It may be the root cause of all phenomena. It is also about observable objects that are limited during perception by consciousness.

## Related pages
*German idealism
Departure (TV series)

***Departure*** is a 2019 suspense drama television series by Canadian broadcaster Global. The series premiered on Universal TV on 10 July 2019, with Global scheduling the Canadian debut for 8 October 2020. On 11 September 2020, the series was renewed for a second season. It stars Archie Panjabi and Christopher Plummer. 

The series is about the investigation by the fictional Transport Safety and Investigations Bureau into the disappearance of a British passenger plane over the Atlantic Ocean and the reasons behind it.

## References
Subtle body

manuscript in Braj Bhasa language, 1899. A row of chakras is depicted from the base of the spine up to the crown of the head.]]
A **subtle body** is a body that also has a psyche and a soul (not only physical form). One of the subtle body is the astral body.  

This concept is common in Hinduism, Tibetan Buddhism, Kabbalah, Sufism. 

## Related pages 
Aura (paranormal)
Christopher Plummer on screen and stage

in 2009]]
Christopher Plummer (1929–2023) was a Canadian actor. Plummer won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Mike Mills' movie *Beginners* (2010).

## Performances
### Movies
### Television
### Theatre
### Video games
## References
Mike Wallace

.]]
**Myron Leon "Mike" Wallace** (born in Brookline, Massachusetts, May 9, 1918 – died in New Haven, Connecticut, April 7, 2012) was an American journalist, actor, game show host and television personality. He presented the CBS television program *60 Minutes*.

## References
Eka Tkeshelashvili

**Ekaterine "Eka" Tkeshelashvili** (; born May 23, 1977) is a Georgian jurist and politician, who had held post of Minister of Justice, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Secretary of the National Security Council, and Deputy Prime Minister and State Minister for Reintegration of Georgia under President Mikheil Saakashvili.

## Other websites
* Georgian Biographical Dictionary
Emakimono

*, a classic 12th century *emakimono* of the imperial court]]
***Emakimono*** (絵巻物) or just ***emaki**''  is an Japanese horizontal illustrated narration. It was originated in 8th century. Emakimoko used as illustration of religious texts, legends, or even romantic stories. It was generally depicted the customs of Japanese people.  The preserved copies are protected as National Treasures of Japan.
Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine

**Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine**, then **Princess Louis of Battenberg**, later **Victoria Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven** (5 April 1863 – 24 September 1950) was the eldest daughter of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom. She was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Through her eldest daughter, she was the grandmother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, grandmother-in-law of Queen Elizabeth II and great-grandmother of King Charles III.

In 1884, she married Prince Louis of Battenberg. They had four children together named Louis, Alice, Louise, and George. Victoria died on 24 September 1950 age 87. She was buried on 28 September 1950 with her husband Prince Louis of Battenberg at St Mildred Church Whippingham on the Isle of Wight.

## Ancestry
## References
Northwest Airlines Flight 5 (1990)

**Northwest Airlines Flight 5** was an internal flight from Miami International Airport to Minneapolis−Saint Paul International Airport. On January 4, 1990, the Boeing 727-251 (registered N280US) had an engine failure in the third engine while flying over Madison, Florida.

## Aircraft
The aircraft was a Boeing 727-251 with registration N280US. The aircraft was 14 years old at the time of the incident. The aircraft was operated by Northwest Airlines.

## Flight
On January 4, 1990, at 8:15&nbsp;EST, the aircraft took off from Miami. At 9:10&nbsp;, the pilots heard a loud bang. The pilots did not know that an engine fell off the aircraft. The aircraft flew for 50 minutes before emergency landing at Tampa International Airport.

After looking, it was found that the lavatory  was missing. This made lavatory fluid freeze, and fall into the third engine. The engine fell off after being damaged. The engine was  this way.

## References
Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations

member countries:

]]

The Commonwealth of Nations is a group of 56 countries, most of which used to be apart of the British Empire. It is an international organisation that has King Charles III as its head.

## Current member states 
All dates below are provided by the Commonwealth of Nations Secretariat members list, and population figures are as of 1 February 2020.

A. Unless otherwise noted, independence was gained from the United Kingdom on the date (shown in column 2) of joining the Commonwealth.
B. Not a member of the Commonwealth Foundation.
C. Though Pakistan celebrates 14 August 1947 as its independence day, independence was officially granted at midnight, 15 August 1947. Therefore, its date of joining the Commonwealth would be 15 August 1947.
D. Geopolitically part of Europe, but geographically part of Asia.
E. Constitutional monarchy that operates under a Westminster system. The monarch is not the British monarch, making it not a Commonwealth realm.

## Former member states 
## Related pages
* Commonwealth of Nations

## References
The Last Full Measure (2019 movie)

***The Last Full Measure*** is a 2019 American war drama movie written and directed by Todd Robinson. The story is about Pentagon staffer Scott Huffman and many veterans to see the Medal of Honor awarded to William H. Pitsenbarger, who flew in helicopter rescue missions during the Vietnam War. The movie stars Sebastian Stan, Christopher Plummer, William Hurt, Ed Harris, Samuel L. Jackson, Jeremy Irvine, and Peter Fonda.

The movie premiered in October 2019 in Westhampton Beach, New York. It was released in the United States by Roadside Attractions on January 24, 2020.

## References
The Insider (movie)

***The Insider*** is a 1999 American drama movie directed by Michael Mann. It is based from Marie Brenner's 1996 *Vanity Fair* article "The Man Who Knew Too Much". It stars Al Pacino and Russell Crowe, with supporting actors including Christopher Plummer, Bruce McGill, Diane Venora and Michael Gambon. The movie was released on November 5t, 1999 in the United States. The movie is 157 minutes long. It is rated R.

It is based on the *60 Minutes* segment about Jeffrey Wigand, a whistleblower in the tobacco industry. 

It was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor in a Leading Role (for Russell Crowe).

## References
J.B. (play)

***J.B.*** is a 1958 play written in free verse by American playwright and poet Archibald MacLeish, and is a modern version of the story of biblical figure Job.

The play won the 1959 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

## References
Elaine Luria

**Elaine Goodman Luria** (born August 15, 1975) is an American politician and Navy veteran. She was the U.S. representative from Virginia's 2nd congressional district from 2019 to 2023.

She defeated Republican incumbent Scott Taylor in 2018. She defeated Taylor in a rematch to win a second term in 2020. In 2022, she lost her re-election bid to Jen Kiggans.

## Early life, education, and military service
Luria was born on August 15, 1975, in Birmingham, Alabama. Luria graduated from Indian Springs School in 1993. She graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1997.

Luria served as a Navy officer for 20 years as an engineer, where she rose to the rank of commander.

## U.S. House of Representatives
### Elections
;2018

Luria ran for the United States House of Representatives in . In the June 10 Democratic primary, she got 62% of the vote, defeating Karen Mallard, who got 38%.

In the general election, Luria defeated Republican incumbent Scott Taylor with 51% of the vote to Taylor's 49%. She carried six of the district's nine county-level jurisdictions, including all but one of the district's five independent cities. She also carried Taylor's hometown of Virginia Beach.

;2020

Luria ran for reelection. She defeated Taylor in a rematch with 51% of the vote. She was likely helped by Joe Biden winning the district in 2020; Biden carried Virginia Beach, the first Democrat to do so since 1964.

## Electoral history
## References
Waterloo (1970 movie)

***Waterloo*** () is a 1970 war movie directed by Sergei Bondarchuk and produced by Dino De Laurentiis. It is about the Battle of Waterloo. 

It stars Rod Steiger as Napoleon Bonaparte and Christopher Plummer as the Duke of Wellington with a cameo by Orson Welles as Louis XVIII of France.

## References
Baudette International Airport

**Baudette International Airport** is an airport available to the . The airport is owned by the county of Lake of the Woods in Minnesota. The airport is near the city of Baudette, Minnesota.

The airport has one asphalt runway numbered 12/30. The airport also has a landing area for seaplanes on the Rainy River.

## References
Forensic evidence

**Forensic evidence** is a way of using forensic science to find out who someone is using technology to look at stuff they've touched. It is commonly used at places where crimes have taken place and are being investigated.

One of the most common types of evidence is fingerprints. When someone touches something, they leave their fingerprint on it. Using technology, people can look at the fingerprint on the object that was touched and find out who touched it.

## Related pages 
* Biometric identification
* Forensic anthropology
* Forensic science
* Mass surveillance
* Privacy
* Surveillance
* Forensic dentistry (odontology)
* Forensic engineering
* Forensic profiling
* Trace evidence
Shinano River

The **Shinano River** () is the longest river in Japan that flows through Niigata and Nagano prefectures.
Oswald Spengler

**Oswald Spengler** (29 May 1880 – 8 May 1936) was a German philosopher and schoolteacher. He was mostly active in the areas of the philosophy of history,  and cultural history. He also had antidemocratic ideas. He was part of a group of people called Konservative Revolution. His main work, The Decline of the West (original: Der Untergang des Abendlandes), he is against telling the story of humanity as a linear story of advances and successes. Instead, he says that history is cyclic: new cultures arise, they are successful, and they vanish again. He also says that the different cultures are well-defined, and clearly distinguishable. One such culture usually has a "lifetime" of about 1.000 years. Even in the title of his work, he says that the culture of the West (he used the term Abendland, occident, in English),  is in decline. 

According to his contemporaries, Spengler correctly predicted some historical developments. He also influenced a few historians, such as Franz Borkenau and Arnold J. Toynbee. 

Spengler also published a number of minor works. As he saw that the Weimar Republic didn't work, he hoped that there would be a dictator that would be strong enough to master the political challenges, in internal and foreign policy. Spengler talked about an era of  wars of annihilation (such as the First World War). Spengler was also against National Socialism. He thought that antisemitism (as propagated by the Nazis) was too simple to be a solution for the problems of the time.  He also thought that Benito Mussolini was better at what he did than Adolf Hitler.

Spengler died of a heart attack in his apartment in Munich, on May 8, 1936. 

The Nazis were ambivalent as to Spengler: Some saw him as one of the philosophical forefathers, others though that his ideas were too antiquated to be useful. As a philosopher, Alfred Baeumler was much closer to Nazi ideologies.
Tone River

The **Tone River** () is a large river that runs through the Kanto region of Japan from northwest to southeast. It is the second longest river in Japan after the Shinano River. The river basin area is the largest in Japan.
Abdullah el-Faisal

**Abdullah el-Faisal** (born 10 September 1963) is a Muslim minister who gave his messages in the United Kingdom until he was convicted of supporting hate against different races and asking his followers to murder Jews, Hindus, Christians, and Americans.

El-Faisal was sent to nine years in prison, but only went to it for four years before being forced to go back to Jamaica in 2007. He would then go to Africa, but was forced to leave Botswana in 2009 and later Kenya in January 2010.

## References
Vienna International Airport

**Vienna International Airport** is the international airport of Vienna, Austria,  southeast of central Vienna. The airport is the largest in Austria.

## Airlines
*Aeagan Airlines
*Aer Lingus
*Aeroflot
*Air Algerie
*airBaltic
*Air Cairo
*Air Canada
*Air China
*Air France
*Air Malta
*Air Moldova
*Air Serbia
*All Nippon Airways
*AnadoluJet
*Austrian Airlines
*Belavia
*BH Air
*Blue Air
*Blue Islands
*British Airways
*Brussels Airlines
*Bulgaria Air
*Bulgarian Air Charter
*China Airlines
*China Southern Airlines
*Corendon Airlines
*Croatia Airlines
*easyJet
*EgyptAir
*El Al
*Emirates
*Enter Air
*Ethiopian Airlines
*Etihad Airways
*Eurowings
*EVA Air
*Finnair
*Flynas
*Georgian Airways
*Hainan Airlines
*Iberia
*Iran Air
*Jet2.com
*KLM
*Korean Air
*Kuwait Airways
*LOT Polish Airlines
*Lufthansa
*Luxair
*Norwegian Air Shuttle
*Pegasus Airlines
*People's
*Qatar Airways
*Rossiya
*Royal Jordanian
*Ryanair
*Saudia
*Smartwings
*SunExpress
*Swiss International Air Lines
*TAP Air Portugal
*TAROM
*Thai Airways
*Tunisair
*Turkish Airlines
*Ukraine International Airlines
*Utair
*Volotea
*Vueling
*Wizz Air

## References
JP Karliak

**John Paul "JP" Karliak** (born May 11, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian. He is known for voicing characters, such as Linus in *The Stinky and Dirty Show* and Wile E. Coyote in *Wabbit/New Looney Tunes*. It also voice of Willy Wonka in *Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory*. Karliak was born John Paul Karliak on May 11, 1981 in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
Minneapolis−Saint Paul International Airport

**Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport**  is an international airport used for commercial and military use. The airport is located in Minnesota, United States. The airport is the largest in terms of passenger amount in the Upper Midwest region of the United States.

## Airlines
These airlines fly to and from Minneapolis-Saint Paul;
*Air Canada Express
*Air France
*Alaska Airlines
*Allegiant Air
*American Airlines
*American Eagle
*Condor
*Delta Airlines
*Delta Connection
*Frontier Airlines
*Icelandair 
*JetBlue
*KLM
*Southwest Airlines 
*Spirit Airlines
*Sun Country Airlines
*United Airlines
*United Express

## Gallery

File:Sun Country Airlines Boeing 737-700; N711SY@MSP;12.10.2011 624at (6301318075).jpg|A Sun Country Boeing 737-700 at MSP. Sun Country is based in Minneapolis and has a hub at Minneapolis-Saint Paul Airport.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* &nbsp;
* MAC Noise Homepage (official—interactive maps of flights and noise data)
* Live Air Traffic Control streams including MSP
* Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: Minnesota  – used for information on former airports
* 
* 
** OpenNav airspace and charts for KMSP
* 
* Airport diagram for October 1959
List of geek rock artists

This is a list of artists who are known for producing music in the geek rock genre including its subgenres such as nerd punk and trock.
 performing at Martyrs', Chicago, in 2009]]
 performing in June 2007]]
 performing in October 2010]]

## 1970s and earlier
* Captain Beefheart and the Magic Band (1977–present)
* Devo (1973–present)
* **±** Elvis Costello (1970–present)
* **±** Kraftwerk(1970–present)
* Oingo Boingo (1979–1995)
*Robyn Hitchcock (1972–2006)
* **±** Talking Heads (1975–1991)
* Tori Amos (1976–2006)
* **±** Frank Zappa (1955–1993)

## 1980s
* Barenaked Ladies (1988–present)
* Crash Test Dummies (1980–present)
* Ween (1994–present)
* Belle and Sebastian (1994–present)
* Dynamite Hack (1999–present)
* Motion City Soundtrack (1997–present)
* The Mountain Goats (1991–present)
* Nerf Herder (1999–present)
* Weezer (2007–present)
* Chameleon Circuit (2008–2014)
* Jonathan Coulton (2009–present)
* Joanna Wang (2008-present)
* Lemon Demon (2003–present)
* The Protomen (2009–present)

## 2010s
* The Doubleclicks (2011–present)
* Double Experience (2014–present)
* Five Year Mission (2010–present)
* Time Crash (2012–2021)

## Note
* **±** Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee

## References
Thomas Müntzer

**Thomas Müntzer** (c. 1489 – 27 May 1525) was a German preacher of the early Reformation. He became also a leader of the uprising well known as the German Peasant's War.

Theology of Muntzer combines spiritual elements, apocalyptic elements, and social elements. He believed that the Roman Catholic Church, with which he had quarrels, was similar to the Whore of Babylon from the Book of Revelation.

## References
Maricopa, California

**Maricopa** is a city in Kern County, California in the United States. It lies at an elevation of .

## References
Phil Jupitus

**Phillip Christopher Jupitus** (, *né* **Swan**; born 25 June 1962) is an English stand-up and improv comedian, actor, performance poet, cartoonist and podcaster. Jupitus was a team captain on all but one BBC Two-broadcast episode of music quiz *Never Mind the Buzzcocks* from its inception in 1996 until 2015, and also appears regularly as a guest on several other panel shows, including *QI* and BBC Radio 4's ''I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue''.
Doug Lennox

**Doug Joseph Lennox** (21 January 1938 – 28 November 2015) was a Canadian actor, writer and radio personality, who was perhaps best known for his book *Now You Know, The Big Book of Answers* and his many appearances in movies such as *X-Men*, *Police Academy* and *The Mask*.
Catharsis

**Catharsis** is a term in the Greek theatre meaning the purification of emotions through art. This was the effect of the tragedy as the main and earliest genre of the Greek theatre. It was originally used by Aristotle in the Poetics. 

It was also used in  psychology. 

## References
Rta

In the Vedic religion, ***Ṛta*** (/ˈrɪtə/; Sanskrit ऋत *ṛta* "order, rule; truth") is the principle of natural order which regulates and coordinates the operation of the universe and everything within it. In the hymns of the Vedas, *Ṛta* is described as that, which is ultimately responsible for the proper functioning of the natural, moral and sacrificial orders. Conceptually, it is closely allied to the injunctions and ordinances thought to uphold it, collectively referred to as *Dharma*, and the action of the individual in relation to those ordinances, referred to as *Karma* – two terms which eventually eclipsed *Ṛta* in importance as signifying natural, religious and moral order in later Hinduism. Sanskrit scholar Maurice Bloomfield referred to *Ṛta* as "one of the most important religious conceptions of the "Rigveda", going on to note that, "from the point of view of the history of religious ideas we may, in fact we must, begin the history of Hindu religion at least with the history of this conception".
## Etymology
its Avestan equivalent ''* (Asha "Truth") properly joined, right, true", from a presumed root ***. The derivative noun *ṛta* is defined as "fixed or settled order, rule, divine law or truth".
## In proper names
*Ṛta-* or *arta-'' sometimes appears as an element in Vedic and Indic personal names, as with Iranian.

In India the vocalic 'ṛ' of Sanskrit is transformed into the modern 'ri', or in South India, 'ru'.  Indian names include:
* Rita
* Ruta 
* Ritambhar
* Ritik 
* Ritwik
* Ritesh 

## Related pages
*Arthaśāstra
*Asha (Zoroastrianism)
*Darna (Romuva)
*Logos
*Ma'at (Egyptian religion)
*Me (Sumerian religion)
*Moira (Greek paganism)
*Tao (Chinese Taoism)
*Wyrd (Germanic paganism)
*Rod-Rodzanice or Prav (Slavic paganism)

## References
## Sources
* 
*Ara, Mitra (2008). *Eschatology in the Indo-Iranian Traditions: The Genesis and Transformation of a Doctrine*. New York: Peter Lang. .
*Bilimoria, P., Prabhu, J. & Sharma, R. (Eds.) (2007). *Indian Ethics: Classical Traditions and Contemporary Challenges, Vol. 1*. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. .
*Bloomfield, Maurice (1908). *The Religion of the Veda: The Ancient Religion of India, from Rig-Veda to Upanishads*. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
*Brown, W. N. (1992). "Some Ethical Concepts for the Modern World from Hindu and Indian Buddhist Tradition" in: Radhakrishnan, S. (Ed.) *Rabindranath Tagore: A Centenary Volume 1861–1961*. Calcutta: Sahitya Akademi. .
*Davis, Winston (1990). "Natural Law and Natural Right: The Role of Myth in the Discourses of Exchange and Community" in: Reynolds, F. E. & Tracy, D. (Eds.) *Myth and Philosophy*. Albany: State University of New York Press. .
*Day, Terence P. (1982). *The Conception of Punishment in Early Indian Literature*. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. .
Polytechnic Institute of Paris

The **Polytechnic Institute of Paris** (French: *Institut polytechnique de Paris*) is an engineering graduate school in France. 

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
* *Ingénieur IP Paris* (IP Paris Graduate engineer Masters level program)
* *Masters Recherche* & *Doctorat* (PhD doctorate studies )
* *Mastères Spécialisés* (MS)
* Massive Online Open Course

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at Institut polytechnique de Paris.

On September 15, 2020, the Institute co-founded with HEC Paris the artificial intelligence research center Hi! PARIS.

Most of the 6900 graduate engineer students at Institut polytechnique de Paris live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports.

## Research labs 
Research activities at Institut polytechnique de Paris relate to the following topics:
* Energy and Climate
* Digital
* Safety
* Technologies
* Health.

## References 
## Further reading 
* Official website
Teatro Massimo

of Giuseppe Verdi outside of the Teatro Massimo]]

The **Teatro Massimo Vittorio Emanuele** is an opera house and opera company located on the Piazza Verdi in Palermo, Sicily. It was dedicated to King Victor Emanuel II.
It is the biggest in Italy, and one of the largest of Europe (at the time of its opening, it was - with its area of 7730 m² - the third largest opera house in Europe after the Palais Garnier in Paris, and the K. K. Hof-Opernhaus in Vienna). It is famous for its perfect acoustics.

## Media interest
The final scenes of Francis Ford Coppola's film *The Godfather Part III* (1990) were filmed at the theatre, where the uncle of Francis Ford Coppola, the composer and conductor Anton Coppola, is shown conducting the opera, *Cavalleria rusticana*.

## References
## Other websites
* Teatro Massimo official website (including a virtual visit) 
* Teatro Massimo: Its Art and History 
* City of Palermo official website
Russell Square tube station

**Russell Square** is a London Underground station facing Russell Square on Bernard Street, Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden. The station is on the Piccadilly line, between Holborn and King's Cross St Pancras on tube maps.

Russell Square Station is very close to the British Museum, the University of London's main building, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Russell Square Gardens and the Brunswick Centre.

The station was designed by Leslie Green and is of the modern style.

## 2005 London bombings
On 7 July 2005, in a organised bomb attack, a passenger construction in a train going between King's Cross St. Pancras and Russell Square caused the deaths of 26 people.

A memorial to the victims, similar to the one at King's Cross St Pancras tube station, is located at the station.

## In movies
The station was used as the place for the horror movie *Death Line*, which had actors like Donald Pleasence, Christopher Lee and Clive Swift in.

## References
Leo De Lyon

**Irving Levin** (April 27, 1926 - September 18, 2021), known professionally by his stage name **Leo De Lyon**, was an American actor who was best known for his role as Spook and Brain in the prime time animated series *Top Cat* (1961-1962).

## Other websites
Montevideo–Chippewa County Airport

**Montevideo–Chippewa County Airport**  is an airport in Montevideo, Minnesota, United States.

## References
Night of the Auk

***Night of the Auk*** is a 1956 Broadway drama in three acts written by Arch Oboler. It is a science fiction drama about space travelers returning to Earth after the first Moon landing. The play was based on Oboler's radio play *Rocket from Manhattan*. *Night of the Auk* was published as a book in 1958.

## References
Archibald MacLeish

**Archibald MacLeish** (May 7, 1892 – April 20, 1982) was an American poet and writer. He worked for *Fortune* from 1929 to 1938. For five years, MacLeish was the ninth Librarian of Congress, nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. From 1949 to 1962, he was a professor at Harvard University. He was awarded three Pulitzer Prizes for his work.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Robinson Jeffers

**John Robinson Jeffers** (January 10, 1887 – January 20, 1962) was an American poet. He was known for his work about the central California coast. His works were about the environmental movement.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
*Western American Literature Journal: Robinson Jeffers
* The Robinson Jeffers Association
*Robinson Jeffers from The Poetry Foundation site
* Robinson Jeffers at the Academy of American Poets.
* Robinson Jeffers bio  at Modern American Poetry
Delta Air Lines Flight 89

**Delta Air Lines Flight 89** was a planned flight from Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) to Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG). On January 14, 2020, the Boeing 777-232ER (registered N860DA) had engine problems after taking off. While returning to the airport, the plane dumped fuel over homes and schools. This resulted in 56 people being injured.

## Aircraft
The incident aircraft, N860DA, is a Boeing 777 which flies for Delta Air Lines.

## Flight
On January 14, 2020, the aircraft took off at 11:32&nbsp;a.m.

While flying over Los Angeles, the plane dumped fuel. Many schools were hit by this fuel, including Park Avenue Elementary School. Students in Park Avenue were covered in jet fuel. 

## Afterward
First responders helped students and staff at schools. At least 56 children and adults had injuries to their skin and lungs.

The aircraft started more flights on January 24. On October 4, it was retired with all Delta Air Line's Boeing 777's.

## References
Medea (play)

-  Medea at Theatro Technis ]]
***Medea*** (, *Mēdeia*) is an ancient Greek tragedy written by Euripides. It is based on the myth of Jason and Medea and first produced in 431 BC. 

It is about Medea, a former princess of the kingdom of Colchis, and the wife of Jason; she finds her role in the Greek world threatened as Jason leaves her for a Greek princess of Corinth. Medea takes revenge on Jason by murdering Jason's new wife as well as her own children, after which she escapes to Athens to start a new life.

The play holds the American Theatre Wing's Tony Award record for most wins for the same female lead character, with Judith Anderson winning in 1948, Zoe Caldwell in 1982, and Diana Rigg in 1994.

## References
Eleni (movie)

***Eleni*** is the 1985 movie adaptation of the memoir *Eleni* by Greek-American journalist Nicholas Gage. Directed by Peter Yates with a screenplay by Steve Tesich, the movie stars Kate Nelligan, John Malkovich, Linda Hunt and Glenne Headly.

## Plot
The movie is told in a flashback format with Gage, now living in the United States, returning to his native Greece to solve the mystery of his mother's death when he was a child. The film looks back to the effect of the 1940s Greek Civil War in Lia – the remote Greek village of Gage's childhood in the northwestern Greek region of Epirus; and in particular, the murder of his mother by communist guerrillas of the
Democratic Army of Greece (ΔΣΕ), which was founded by the Communist Party of Greece in order to make Greece a communist country.

## Cast
*Kate Nelligan as Eleni Gatzoyiannis
*John Malkovich as Nicholas Gage
*Linda Hunt as Katina
*Oliver Cotton as Katis
*Ronald Pickup as Spiro Skevis
*Rosalie Crutchley as Grandmother
*Glenne Headly as Joan Gage
*Dimitra Arliss as Ana

## Related pages
*Communist Party of Greece

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
André Roussin

**André Roussin** (22 January 1911 – 3 November 1987) was a French playwright. He was born in Marseille, France. He was elected to the Académie française in 1973. His plays were made into movies such as *The Little Hut* and *The Ostrich Has Two Eggs*. 

## References
Royal Shakespeare Theatre

The **Royal Shakespeare Theatre** (**RST**) is a theatre owned by the Royal Shakespeare Company. It is located in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon in the English Midlands. The Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatres re-opened in November 2010 after renovation known as the Transformation Project.

## References
Jean Anouilh

**Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh** (; 23 June 1910 – 3 October 1987)  was a French dramatist. Anouilh is best known for his 1944 play *Antigone*.

## References
Maurice Gosfield

**Maurice Lionel Gosfield** (January 28, 1913 - October 19, 1964) was an American stage, movie, radio and television actor. He is best remembered for his portrayal of Private Duane Doberman on the sitcom *The Phil Silvers Show* (1955-1959) and voicing Benny the Ball in *Top Cat* (1961-1962).

## Other websites
*
Becket

***Becket or The Honour of God*** () is a 1959 play written in French by Jean Anouilh. It is about the fight between Thomas Becket and King Henry II of England leading to Becket's assassination in 1170. It is known for having many incorrect historical facts, something which Anoulih said.

The play was first performed in the original French at the Théâtre Montparnasse-Gaston Baty in Paris on 8 October 1959 and in an English version on Broadway in 1960.

## References
Evening Standard Theatre Awards

The '''*Evening Standard* Theatre Awards'*, created in 1955, are the oldest theatrical awards ceremony in the United Kingdom. They are presented every year for outstanding achievements in London Theatre. It is organised by the *Evening Standard'' newspaper.

## References
American Shakespeare Theatre

The **American Shakespeare Theatre** was a  theater company based in Stratford, Connecticut, United States.  It was created in the early 1950s by Lawrence Langner, Lincoln Kirstein, John Percy Burrell, and philanthropist Joseph Verner Reed. 

The American Shakespeare Festival Theatre was opened in 1955. Their first play was *Julius Caesar*. The theater building burned to the ground on January 13, 2019.

## References
The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui

***The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui*** (), known "A parable play", is a 1941 play by the German playwright Bertolt Brecht. It is about the rise of Arturo Ui, a fictional 1930s Chicago mobster, and his attempts to control the cauliflower racket by killing his business enemies. The play is an satirical allegory of the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.

## References
## Other websites
* , BBC 1972 version with Nicol Williamson and Jill Townsend
*Photos and production details for 1960s Leonard Rossiter theatre adaptation
The Royal Hunt of the Sun

***The Royal Hunt of the Sun*** is a 1964 play by Peter Shaffer that is about the connection of two worlds entering in a conflict by connecting them to two characters: Atahuallpa Inca and Francisco Pizarro.

*The Royal Hunt of the Sun* was first presented at the Chichester Festival by the National Theatre and subsequently at the Old Vic in July 1964. It was directed by John Dexter and designed by Michael Annals with music composed by Marc Wilkinson and movement by Claude Chagrin.

## References
Amphitryon 38

]]
***Amphitryon 38***  is a play written in 1929 by the French dramatist Jean Giraudoux.

*Amphitryon 38* was translated into English in 1938 by S. N. Behrman in 1964 by Phyllis La Farge and Peter H. Judd and in 1967 by Roger Gellert.

*Amphitryon 38* was first performed on 8 November 1929 in Paris at the Comedie des Champs-Elysees.

## References
Adrian Mitchell

**Adrian Mitchell** FRSL (24 October 1932 – 20 December 2008) was an English poet, novelist and playwright. He became known for his works in British Left. He was a leading activist in the anti-Bomb movement.

## References
Danton's Death

'''''Danton's Death'''* (*Dantons Tod*) was the first play written by Georg Büchner, set during the French Revolution.

The play is about the story of Georges Danton, a leader of the French Revolution. Georges Danton created the office of the Revolutionary Tribunal as a strong arm for the Revolutionary Government.

## References
## Bibliography
* Georg Büchner: *Sämtliche Werke und Schriften.* Bd. 3 in 4 Teilbänden. Danton’s Tod. Marburger Ausgabe. Hrsg. v. Burghard Dedner und Thomas Michael Mayer. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2000. 
* Georg Büchner: *Werke und Briefe.* Münchener Ausgabe. Hrsg. v. Karl Pörnbacher, Gerhard Schaub, Hans-Joachim Simm, Edda Ziegler. 8. Auflage. Hanser, München 2001, S.67–133. 
* Georg Büchner: *Schriften und Briefe. Dokumente.* Hrsg. v. Henri Poschmann unter Mitarb. v. Rosemarie Poschmann. Bd. 1. Bibliothek Deutscher Klassiker. Bd 84. Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1992, S.11–90. 
* Gerhard P. Knapp: *Georg Büchner.* 3. Auflage. Metzler, Stuttgart 2000. 
* Georg Büchner: *Dantons Tod.'' Ausgabe mit Materialien, ausgewählt von Ulrich Staiger. Ernst Klett Verlag, Stuttgart 2007.
Long Day's Journey into Night

'''''Long Day's Journey into Night''''' is a tragedy play in four acts written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill in 1941–42, first published in 1956. The play is seen to be his best work and one of the best American plays of the 20th century. 

O'Neill posthumously won the 1957 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for ''Long Day's Journey into Night''. 

## References
Jean Giraudoux

**Hippolyte Jean Giraudoux** (; 29 October 1882 – 31 January 1944) was a French novelist, essayist, diplomat and playwright.

## Theatre works
* *Siegfried* (1928, premiere at the Comédie des Champs-Élysées)
* *Amphitryon 38* (1929 premiere, Comédie des Champs-Élysées)
* *Judith* (1931, Théâtre Pigalle)
* *The Enchanted*  (1933, Comédie des Champs-Élysées)
* *Tessa* (1934, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
* *Supplément au voyage de Cook* (1935, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
* *The Trojan War Will Not Take Place* (1935, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
* *Electra* (1937, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
* ''L'Impromptu de Paris'' (1937, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
* *Song of Songs* (1938, Comédie-Française)
* *Ondine*  (1939, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
* *The Apollo of Bellac* (1942, Teatro Municipal (Rio de Janeiro))
* *Sodom and Gomorrah* (1943, Théâtre Hébertot)
* *The Madwoman of Chaillot* (1945, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
* *Duel of Angels (Pour Lucrèce)* (1953, Théâtre Marigny)
* *Les Gracques* (unfinished; published 1958)

## References
The Good Doctor (play)

***The Good Doctor*** is a comedy with music written by Neil Simon. It is multiple short plays, based on short stories and other works of Russian writer Anton Chekhov.

*The Good Doctor* opened on Broadway at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on November 27, 1973, and closed on May 25, 1974, after 208 performances and eight previews. It starred René Auberjonois, Barnard Hughes, Marsha Mason, Christopher Plummer, and Frances Sternhagen.

## References
After the Fall (play)

***After the Fall*** is a play by the American dramatist Arthur Miller.

The play premiered on Broadway at the ANTA Washington Square Theatre on January 23, 1964, and closed on May 29, 1964 after 208 performances. It was directed by Elia Kazan and starred Barbara Loden as Maggie and Jason Robards Jr. as Quentin, along with Ralph Meeker as Mickey, Salome Jens as Holga, and Faye Dunaway as Nurse. 

## References
Prospero

**Prospero** ( ) is a fictional character and the hero of William Shakespeare's play *The Tempest*.

Prospero is the rightful Duke of Milan. He has learned sorcery from books.

## References
Anthony Mann

**Anthony Mann** (born **Emil Anton Bundsmann**; June 30, 1906 – April 29, 1967) was an American movie director and stage actor. He was known for his work in the *film noir* and Western genres. 

He made several Westerns with James Stewart, such as ''Winchester '73* (1950), and he was the director of *El Cid* (1961). He also directed *Cimarron* (1960).

In 1967, Mann died from a heart attack in Berlin while filming the spy thriller *A Dandy in Aspic''.

## References
Inside Daisy Clover

***Inside Daisy Clover*** is a 1965 American drama movie based on Gavin Lambert's 1963 novel of the same name, directed by Robert Mulligan and starring Natalie Wood. It follows a tomboy becoming a Hollywood actress and singer.

## Cast 
* Natalie Wood as Daisy Clover
* Christopher Plummer as Raymond Swan (AKA "The Prince of Darkness")
* Robert Redford as Wade Lewis 
* Ruth Gordon as Lucile Clover
* Roddy McDowall as Walter Baines
* Katharine Bard as Melora Swan
* Peter Helm as Milton Hopwood
* Betty Harford as Gloria Clover Goslett
* John Hale as Harry Goslett
* Harold Gould as Cop on Pier
* Ottola Nesmith as Dolores
* Edna Holland as Cynara

## References
Caesar and Cleopatra (play)

***Caesar and Cleopatra*** is a play written in 1898 by George Bernard Shaw that is a fictionalized relationship between Julius Caesar and Cleopatra. It was first published with ''Captain Brassbound's Conversion* and *The Devil's Disciple'' in Shaw's 1901 collection *Three Plays for Puritans*. 

It was first performed in a single staged reading at Newcastle upon Tyne on 15 March 1899. It was later shown in New York in 1906 and in London at the Savoy Theatre in 1907.

## Other websites
* ''Three Plays for Puritans: The Devil's Disciple, Cæsar and Cleopatra, & Captain Brassbound's Conversion*, a digitized copy of the first edition from Internet Archive.
* *Caesar and Cleopatra'', including the alternative prologues.
Doctor Dolittle (1967 movie)

***Doctor Dolittle*** (also known as ***Dr. Dolittle***) is a 1967 American musical comedy movie directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley, and Richard Attenborough. 

It was based on Leslie Bricusse from the novel series by Hugh Lofting.

## References
Oedipus the King (1968 movie)

*** Oedipus the King*** is a 1967 movie directed by Philip Saville based on the Athenian tragedy *Oedipus Rex*  by Sophocles. The movie stars Christopher Plummer as Oedipus, Lilli Palmer as Jocasta, Orson Welles as Tiresias, Richard Johnson as Creon, Roger Livesey as the Shepherd and Donald Sutherland as the leading member of the Chorus. 

## References
Nobody Runs Forever

***Nobody Runs Forever***, also called ***The High Commissioner***, is a 1968 political neo noir spy thriller movie directed by Ralph Thomas. It is based on Jon Cleary's 1966 novel *The High Commissioner*. It stars Rod Taylor as Australian policeman Scobie Malone and Christopher Plummer as the Australian High Commissioner.

In August 1966 Cleary said Frank Sinatra was interested in buying the movie rights.

## References
Battle of Britain (movie)

***Battle of Britain*** is a 1969 British Second World War movie directed by Guy Hamilton, and produced by Harry Saltzman and S. Benjamin Fisz. The movie is about the Battle of Britain. 

It stars Laurence Olivier as Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding, Trevor Howard as Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park, and Patrick Wymark as Air Vice-Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory, Air Officer commanding No. 12 Group RAF. It also starred Michael Caine, Christopher Plummer and Robert Shaw as Squadron Leaders. 

## References
Jennifer Carroll Foy

**Jennifer Denise Carroll Foy** (born September 25, 1981) is an American lawyer and politician. She served as the Virginia state delegate for the 2nd house district. She resigned to run for governor of Virginia in the 2021 election She lost in the Democratic primary behind Terry McAuliffe.

## Early life and education
Jennifer Carroll Foy was born in Petersburg, Virginia. She graduated from Petersburg High School.

## Career
After graduating from the Thomas Jefferson School of Law, Carroll Foy spent time teaching in Los Angeles. She moved to Virginia and opened a private law practice for criminal defense.

In February 2017, Carroll Foy began running for the 2nd district seat in the 2017 election.

### 2021 Virginia gubernatorial campaign
In 2020, Carroll Foy became a candidate for the Democratic Party in the 2021 Virginia gubernatorial election. She resigned from her state delegate seat on December 12, 2021. She lost when previous Governor Terry McAuliffe was chosen in the Democratic primary.

## References
Red Scorpion

***Red Scorpion*** is a 1988 American South African Namibian action movie directed by Joseph Zito and is the first movie in the *Red Scorpion* series. It stars Dolph Lundgren, M. Emmet Walsh, Al White, T. P. McKenna, Carmen Argenziano.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Lake Kasumigaura

**Lake Kasumigaura** () is a lake that is located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.  It is the second largest lake in Japan after Lake Biwa.
Eddie Chapman

**Edward Arnold Chapman** (16 November 1914 – 11 December 1997) was an English criminal and wartime spy. During the Second World War he offered his services to Nazi Germany as a spy and soon became a British double agent. 

His British Secret Service handlers codenamed him *Agent Zigzag*.

## Other websites
* WHERE THE RABBIT IS LIKELY TO PASS US Defence Intelligence Agency uses Eddie Chapman case as an example] by A Denis Clift, President Joint Military Intelligence College Harvard University 15 January 2002
* Obituary Eddie Chapman – *The Telegraph* 1997
* *Double Agent: The Eddie Chapman Story* at bbc.co.uk, first broadcast 15 November 2011
The Royal Hunt of the Sun (movie)

***The Royal Hunt of the Sun*** is a 1969 British-American epic historial drama movie based on the play of the same name by Peter Shaffer. It stars Robert Shaw as Francisco Pizarro and Christopher Plummer as the Inca leader Atahualpa. Plummer appeared in stage versions of the play before appearing in the movie.

It received mixed reviews from critics.

## References
Lock Up Your Daughters (1969 movie)

***Lock Up Your Daughters!*** is a 1969 British comedy movie directed by Peter Coe and starring Christopher Plummer, Susannah York and Glynis Johns. It is a version of the 1959 stage musical of the same name set in 18th-century Britain.

## References
Aces High (movie)

***Aces High*** is a 1976 war movie starring Malcolm McDowell, Peter Firth, Christopher Plummer and Simon Ward. The movie is based on the 1928 play ''Journey's End'' by R. C. Sherriff. It was directed by Jack Gold and written by Howard Barker.

## Other websites
* 
* allmovie/synopsis
Starcrash

***Starcrash*** is a 1978 American space opera movie directed and co-written by Italian filmmaker Luigi Cozzi, and starring Marjoe Gortner, Caroline Munro, Christopher Plummer, David Hasselhoff and Joe Spinell. It is seen as a "cash-in" and cheap copy of *Star Wars*. 

## References
International Velvet (movie)

***International Velvet*** is a 1978 American sports drama movie and a sequel to the 1944 picture *National Velvet* starring Tatum O'Neal, Christopher Plummer, Anthony Hopkins and Nanette Newman. It was directed by Bryan Forbes and released by MGM.

## References
Murder by Decree

***Murder by Decree*** is a 1979 British-Canadian mystery thriller movie directed by Bob Clark. It is about Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson trying to solve the real life 1888 Whitechapel murders committed by "Jack the Ripper". Christopher Plummer plays Holmes and James Mason plays Watson. 

## References
Somewhere in Time (movie)

***Somewhere in Time*** is a 1980 American romantic fantasy drama movie directed by Jeannot Szwarc. It is a movie version of the 1975 novel *Bid Time Return* by Richard Matheson, who also wrote the screenplay. The movie stars Christopher Reeve, Jane Seymour, and Christopher Plummer.

## Cast
## Reviews
Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie a 61% positive review; the rating average is 6 out of 10.

## References
Christopher Reeve

'''Christopher D'Olier Reeve''' (September 25, 1952 – October 10, 2004) was an American actor, activist, author and director. He was best known for playing Superman in the 1978 movie of the same name and its three sequels. He was born in New York City. During his career, he won a BAFTA Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, Emmy Award and a Grammy Award.

Reeve broke his neck when he was thrown from a horse during an equestrian competition in 1995. He became a quadriplegic (paralysed). He was married to Dana Reeve.

Christopher Reeve died on October 10, 2004 in Mount Kisco, New York of cardiac arrest as an allergic reaction to his medicine, aged 52.

## References
## Other websites
*
The Silent Partner (1978 movie)

***The Silent Partner*** (French title: ''L'argent de la banque*) is a 1978 Canadian heist movie and a remake of the 1969 Danish movie *Think of a Number''. It is based on a novel by Danish writer Anders Bodelsen. The movie was directed by Daryl Duke and written by Curtis Hanson. It stars Elliott Gould, Christopher Plummer and Susannah York.

It has been called "one of the few truly good movies to come out of the tax-shelter heyday of the 1970s."

## References
Wolf (1994 movie)

***Wolf*** is a 1994 American romantic horror movie directed by Mike Nichols and starring Jack Nicholson, Michelle Pfeiffer, James Spader, Kate Nelligan, Richard Jenkins, Christopher Plummer, Eileen Atkins, David Hyde Pierce, and Om Puri. It was written by Jim Harrison, Wesley Strick, and Elaine May. The music was composed by Ennio Morricone.

The movie was released in June 1994. It made more than $131 million worldwide.

## References
Taylor Hackford

**Taylor Edwin Hackford** (born December 31, 1944) is an American movie director. He was president of the Directors Guild of America. He won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for *Teenage Father* (1979). He is known for directing *An Officer and a Gentleman* (1982) and *Ray* (2004).

## References
12 Monkeys

***12 Monkeys*** is a 1995 American science fiction movie directed by Terry Gilliam. It stars Bruce Willis, Madeleine Stowe, and Brad Pitt, with Christopher Plummer and David Morse.

Pitt was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and he won a Golden Globe Award for his performance.

## References
Nicholas Nickleby

***Nicholas Nickleby*** or ***The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby*** (or also ***The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, Containing a Faithful Account of the Fortunes, Misfortunes, Uprisings, Downfallings, and Complete Career of the Nickleby Family***) is a novel by Charles Dickens. It was published as a serial from 1838 to 1839. It was Dickens' third novel. The story is about the life and adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, a young man who must support his mother and sister after his father dies.

## References