open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Brunstatt-Didenheim

**Brunstatt-Didenheim** is a commune of the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. It was incorporated on 1 January 2016 by the combination of the former communes of Brunstatt and Didenheim.

## References
Innerbraz

**Innerbraz** is a municipality of the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

## References
Dürbheim

**Dürbheim** is a municipality in the district Tuttlingen in the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The municipality of Dürbheim has the village Dürbheim and the hamlet Risiberg.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Abaokoro

**Abaokoro** is a settlement in Kiribati. It is about nine nautical miles from Tarawa. It is in the Tarawa Atoll.

Abaokoro Post Office opened on 13 December 1956.

## References
I have an airmail envelope with a void centre datestamp PO Abaokoro / Kiribati, the envelope marked in manuscript O.K.G.S. assumed to be 'on Kiribati Government Service', addressed to the Home Affairs & Rural Development, Bairiki, with an unclear backstamp. I have been involved in philately for over sixty years and have not seen this before. C S H
Dublin, Ohio

**Dublin** is a city in Ohio in the United States. It is in Franklin, Delaware, Madison and Union counties. According to the 2020 census, the population was 49,328. It is known for the Dublin Irish Festival that is 3 days long.

## References
Norwegian Police Service

The **police** force for **Norway**, commonly called *politiet*, and sometimes called **Norwegian police**, is formally called **Norwegian Police Service** (in Norwegian: *Politi- og lensmannsetaten*).

The police has 15,483 employees (as of 2016). If one also counts the employees of PST, an intelligence agency, the number of employees is over 16,000.

## References
Datong

**Datong** () is a city in Shanxi province, People's Republic of China.

The number of inhabitants is 3,318,057, as of the 2010 census.

The city is an important distribution and warehousing center for Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia.

## References
Honningsvåg

**Honningsvåg** is a city in the Norwegian county Finnmark. It has 2375 inhabitants (as of 2008).

It became a city in 1996.

## Other websites
'the catastrophy of 1944, in perspective'. Sagat.no. 2024-12-29. Paywall (for part of the article) 
## References
Tik Tok

"**Tik Tok**" (styled "**TiK ToK**") is the first solo single by American singer-songwriter Kesha.  It is from her first studio album, *Animal*.  The song topped charts worldwide, including countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and the United States, where it was the best-performing song of 2010.  It is Kesha's second single after the number-one single "Right Round" by rapper Flo Rida; her vocals are not credited on this song.
Jean-Denis Bredin

**Jean-Denis Bredin** (17 May 1929 &ndash; 1 September 2021) was a French attorney. He was known for being the founding partner of the firm Bredin Prat. He was a member of the Académie française. He was elected on 15 June 1989.

Bredin died on 1 September 2021 in Paris, aged 92.

## References
Gabriel de Broglie

**Gabriel-Marie-Joseph-Anselme de Broglie-Revel** (21 April 1931 &ndash; 8 January 2025) was a French historian and politician.

Broglie-Revel was elected to the Académie française in 2001. He replaced Alain Peyrefitte. He was a Knight Commander of the Légion d'honneur. He was a distant relative of the ducs de Broglie.

Broglie died in Paris, France on 8 January 2025 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*  Les Immortels: Gabriel de BROGLIE
Unstad

**Unstad** is a village in Norway's municipality of Vestvågøy. The village is on the isle of Vestvågøya.

The village's beach, Unstad Beach, has been used for surfing since 1963.

Unstad-20-Berge-2019-gje.jpg|
Unstad-22-Berge-2019-gje.jpg|
Unstad-06-Strand-2019-gje.jpg|
Unstad-08-Strand-2019-gje.jpg|

## References
## Other websites
*[might be the largest waves that have been surfed in Norway] https://www.friflyt.no/surf/unstad/kan-vaere-de-storste-bolgene-som-er-surfet-i-norge?utm_source=vgfront&utm_content=hovedlopet_row19_pos1
*Used two weeks to take the 'impossible' picture of Northern Lights
Marc Fumaroli

**Marc Fumaroli** (10 June 1932 in Marseille &ndash; 24 June 2020 in Paris), is a French historian and essayist. Fumaroli was elected to the Académie française on 2 March 1995 and became its Director. He is also a member of the Académie des Inscriptions, the sister academy. 

Following his appointment to a chair in Seventeenth Century Studies at the University of Paris-IV, La Sorbonne (1980), he was elected to a Chair in Rhetoric and Society in Europe (16th and 17th century) at the Collège de France. He held it from 1986 to 2002, until mandatory retirement, and is now an emeritus professor.

## Career
Fumaroli is known for the revival of Rhetoric as field of study of European culture, in a sharp move away from both structuralism and post-modernism. His pioneering work remains ''L'Age De l'Eloquence'' (1980).  This massive work redrew the map of rhetorical scholarship across Europe. Fumaroli was also a member of the University of Chicago's Committee on Social Thought.

## Death
Fumaroli was killed in a car crash in Paris on 24 June 2020, aged 88.

## Honors
Fumaroli is a recipient of the prestigious Balzan Prize, the "Nobel" of the humanities (in 2001). He is a foreign member of the British Academy and of the American Philosophical Society. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1990.

## References
## Other websites
*  Radio interview by Maxence Caron with Marc Fumaroli of the Académie française
* Marc Fumaroli  International Balzan Prize Foundation
Jean d'Ormesson

'''Jean Bruno Wladimir François de Paule Le Fèvre d'Ormesson'* (16 June 1925 &ndash; 5 December 2017) was a French novelist. His work mostly was made up of partially or totally autobiographic novels.

On 18 October 1973, he was elected a member of the Académie française, taking seat 12, following the death of Jules Romains. On the death of Claude Lévi-Strauss on 30 October 2009, he became the Dean of the *Académie'', its longest-serving member until his death in 2017. He was also a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour. 

In 2010, he was awarded the Ovid Prize.

On 5 December 2017, d'Ormesson died in Neuilly-sur-Seine, at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*List of novels  by Jean d'Ormesson on the Académie française web site.
Hélène Carrère d'Encausse

|300px]]

'''Hélène Carrère d'Encausse** (born **Hélène Zourabichvili'''; 6 July 1929 &ndash; 5 August 2023) was a French historian. She was the permanent secretary of the Académie française. She was a well known historian, specializing in Russian history. She was a recipient of Lomonosov Gold Medal in 2008.

Carrère d'Encausse was born in Paris. She was a graduate of the elite Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (*Sciences Po*).

She was elected to seat 14 of the Académie française in 1990, and her academician's sword was made by the sculptor Goudji. She became permanent secretary on 21 October 1999. Even though she was the first woman in a leading role at the Académie Française, she insisted on using the masculine form as her title.

In her book ''L'Empire éclaté'' published in 1978 she predicted the fall of the Soviet Union.

She was awarded Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (2011).

Carrère d'Encausse died in Paris on 5 August 2023, at the age of 94.

## References
Michel Serres

**Michel Serres** (1 September 1930 &ndash; 1 June 2019) was a French philosopher and author. In 1990, Serres was elected to the Académie française, in recognition of his position as one of France's most prominent intellectuals. He serves as a Professor of French at Stanford University.

Serres was a vocal supporter for freely accessible knowledge, especially Wikipedia.

Serres died on 1 June 2019 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Online Collaboration regarding Serres work 
* art, writing: michel serres (1995) Interview with Serres by Hari Kunzru including a brief exchange on the relationship of Serres work to Deleuze.
* Steven Connor's website, with links to his writing on Serres
*  Radio Interview  by Robert P. Harrison
*  L'Académie française
*  Serres speaking about wikipedia very enthusiastically
* Michel Serres, one of France's 'immortels,' tells the 'grand récit' at Stanford  by Cynthia Haven, Stanford Report, May 27, 2009.
* issuu.com
René de Obaldia

**René de Obaldia** (22 October 1918 &ndash; 27 January 2022) was a French playwright and poet. He was elected to the Académie française on 24 June 1999. He began his career in 1960. His first major play, "Génousie," was presented at the Théâtre national populaire.

This was followed by *Le Satyre de la Villette*, with André Barsacq at the Théâtre de l'Atelier, a comedy which ranked him with his literary forebears Jacques Audiberti, Ionesco, Beckett. He has been, for more than fifty years, one of the most-produced French playwrights on the planet, as well as the most internationally renowned (having been translated into 28 languages).

In 1985 he was awarded the Grand Prix du Théâtre de l’Académie Française.

De Obaldia died in Paris on 27 January 2022, at the age of 103.

## References
## Other websites
*  L'Académie française
Ethyl iodide

**Ethyl iodide** (also called **iodoethane**) is a colorless and flammable chemical compound. It has the chemical formula C2H5I. It is prepared by heating ethanol with iodine and phosphorus.
Pierre Rosenberg

**Pierre Max Rosenberg**  (born 13 April 1936 in Paris) is a French art historian, curator, and professor. Rosenberg is the honorary president a director of the Musée du Louvre in Paris, and since 1995, he has held the 23rd seat of the Académie française. He was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge in 1987.

## References
## Other websites
* Académie française profile
TG Norba 24

**TG Norba 24** is an Italian television channel. It is a 24-hour channel that only shows news. The channel is owned by Gruppo Norba.

The channel's format shows rolling news bulletins. These are updated every 15 minutes. It broadcasts live from 5am to midnight.

## Presenters
## Programming 
* *Buon Pomeriggio*
* *TG Norba 24 Mattina* 
* *TG Norba 24 Flash*
* *TG Norba 24 Pomeriggio* 
* *TG Norba 24 Sera* 
* *TG Norba 24 Lis* 
* *TG Norba 24 Prima*
* *TG Norba 24 Sport* 
* *TG Norba 24 Rassegna Stampa* 
* *Meteo Telenorba*
* *Il Meteo*
* *Doctor TG24*
* *Il Fatto* with Enzo Magistà
* *Il Tempo della fede*
* *Pillole I Colori della Nostra Terra*
* *Il Graffio*'
* *TG Norba 24 Buongiorno*
* *Astrabilia*
Dominique Fernandez

**Dominique Fernandez** (born on 25 August 1929) is a French writer of novels, essays and travel books. Much of his writing explores homosexual experience and creativity. In 1982 he won the Prix Goncourt for his novel about Pier Paolo Pasolini. He was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine.

In 2007, he was elected a  member of the Académie française.

## References
## Other websites
Pierre Nora

**Pierre Nora** (17 November 1931 – 2 June 2025) was a French historian. He was elected to the Académie française on 7 June 2001. He was known for his work on French identity and memory. His name is associated with the study of new history. He was the brother of the late Simon Nora, former French officer.

From 1965 to 1977 he was first assistant and then lecturer at the ''Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris* (Paris Institute of Political Science). From 1977 he was the director of studies at the *École des hautes études en sciences sociales'' (School of higher studies in social sciences).

Nora died on 2 June 2025 in Paris, France at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*  L'Académie française
*  Biographical note of the l'Académie française 
*  Catalogue of the Collection Archives of Gallimard Julliard  (founded by Pierre Nora in 1964)
*  Conference of Pierre Nora in Blois on 15 October 2005
* Building a Collective Consciousness on a National Scale: Jewish Historian Pierre Nora Defined What’s Quintessentially French by Benjamin Ivry from The Jewish Daily Forward, issue of 17 June 2011.
François Cheng

**François Cheng** (, born 30 August 1929) is a Chinese-born French academician, writer, poet and calligrapher. He is the author of essays, novels, collections of poetry and books on art written in the French language, and the translator of some of the great French poets into Chinese.

Born in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. He became a French citizen in 1973. He was elected to the Académie française in 2002, and was the first person of Asian origin to be a member of the Academy. He was the winner of the 1998 Prix Femina for *Le Dit de Tianyi* ("*The Tale of Tianyi*") (pub. Albin Michel, Paris, 1998).

## References
## Other websites
* Biography on the Académie française website
Yves Pouliquen

**Yves Pouliquen** (born 17 February 1931) is a French physician. His work has been dedicated to the pathology of the cornea.

In 1992, he was made a member of the Académie nationale de médecine.  In 1994 he was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca and on 29 November 2001 he was elected to the Académie française.

Since 2006, he is the president of the Fondation Singer-Polignac.

## References
## Other websites
* L'Académie française  
* Yves Pouliquen lutte contre la cécité en Afrique – *Le Figaro* 
*Publications  by *Odile Jacob*
Max Gallo

**Max Gallo** (; 7 January 1932 – 18 July 2017) was a French writer, historian and politician.

His parents were Italian immigrants. Gallo's early career was in journalism. At the time he was a Communist (until 1956). In 1974, he joined the Socialist Party. 

On April 26, 2007, he became a candidate to become a member of the Académie française. He was elected to the Académie française on 31 May 2007.

## References
André Lafargue

**André Lafargue** (2 July 1917 – 18 July 2017) was a French journalist and theatre critic. He turned 100 in July 2017, two weeks before his death. Lafargue began writing for *Paris-Matin*, later known as *Ce matin, le pays*, in 1947. A year later, he joined the *Parisien libéré*, later known as *Le Parisien*, in 1948. In the 1970s, he was the founding contributor of the theatre reviews in the newspaper. He retired in 1987.

Lafargue died on 18 July 2017 in Paris at the age of 100.

## References
## Other websites
Andrew Paulson

**Andrew Paulson** (November 13, 1958 – July 18, 2017) was an American entrepreneur. He was the son of noted American professor Ronald Paulson. His business career was mainly established in Russia.

Shortly after the Russian financial crisis of August 1998, Paulson, together with Anton Kudryashov and Ilya Tsentsiper, founded Afisha, an entertainment and listings magazine that became the cultural touchstone of Moscow and St. Petersburg. In 2006, Paulson with Alexander Mamut founded SUP Media, which became Russia’s largest online media company, consisting of LiveJournal.

Paulson died on July 18, 2017 from lung cancer, at the age of 59.

## References
Ronald Paulson

**Ronald Paulson** (May 27, 1930 – August 7, 2024) was an American professor of English, a specialist in English 18th-century art and culture, and English artist William Hogarth.

Paulson taught and held many administrative positions at several universities in the United States, including the University of Illinois from 1959 to 1963 and Rice University from 1963 to 1967. He was the Chairman of the Johns Hopkins University English Department from 1967 to 1975. From 1975 to 1984 he was a professor at Yale University and served as the Director of Graduate Studies in the English Department from 1976 to 1983 and the Director of the British Studies Program from 1976 to 1984.

Paulson was born in Bottineau, North Dakota. He studied at Yale University. His son, Andrew, was a businessman made in Russia. 

He was a member of the editorial board of the academic journal *ELH: English Literary History* and was senior editor from 1985 to 2004; he served on the editorial boards of the journals *Studies in English Literature*; PMLA; *Eighteenth-Century Studies*; and the Johns Hopkins University Press.

## References
María Amuchástegui

**María Amuchástegui** (16 January 1953 &ndash; 19 July 2017) was an Argentine television fitness instructor, ballerina, and singer. She was born in Buenos Aires. She became well known in Argentina in the 1980s. Her best known morning fitness shows were *Buen día Salud* and *Buen Día, María*, both were made in the 1980s. She was also a singer. Her best known work was the 2006 song "Camino de espejos".

Amuchástegui died in Buenos Aires on 19 July 2017 of a stroke and lung cancer at the age of 64.

## References
## Other websites
Miguel Blesa

**Miguel Blesa de la Parra** (8 August 1947 – 19 July 2017) was a Spanish banker. He was the chairman of the Spanish bank Caja Madrid from 1996 to 2010. He was born in Linares, Jaén, Spain.

In February 2017, Blesa received a six-year jail term in connection with the misuse of company credit cards. Cards were misused by a number of people, including Blesa himself, during the many years he was chairman of Caja Madrid.

Blesa was found dead on a private hunting estate near Córdoba, Spain on 19 July 2017, with a shotgun wound to the chest at the age of 69.

## References
Jake Butcher

**Jacob Franklin Butcher** (1936 &ndash; July 19, 2017) was an American banker and politician. He built a financial empire in East Tennessee. He was the Democratic Party nominee for governor of Tennessee in 1978. He was known for his promotion of the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee. He lost his business and his personal fortune after he was found to have engaged in massive fraud.

Butcher died in Atlanta, Georgia on July 19, 2017 at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Jacob Franklin "Jake" Butcher, *Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture*, 2009
Sonny West

, December 1970]]
**Sonny West** (**Delbert West, Jr.**; July 5, 1937 – May 24, 2017) was an American actor and stunt performer. He was born in Memphis, Tennessee.

West was known for being a friend and bodyguard of the late singer Elvis Presley with his cousin Red West for sixteen years. He was part of the Elvis entourage at the Elvis Memphis home Graceland, which became known as 'The Memphis Mafia'.

Before and after Elvis' passing, West wrote several books, and made public appearances at Elvis related conventions and gatherings, speaking out on his time working for Presley and their relationship.

West died of lung and oropharyngeal cancer (tonsil cancer) in Hendersonville, Tennessee on May 24, 2017, aged 79.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 2005 Sonny West clip on what Elvis was like when he wasn't performing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYZVHFJnXNo
Guru Amar Das

**Guru Amar Das** (5 May 1479 – 1 September 1574) was the third of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism. He became Sikh Guru on 26 March 1552 at age 73.

## References
Pak Beng Dam

The **Pak Beng Dam** is a project to build a hydroelectric power plant and a dam on the Mekong river - inside Laos. It is a planned project (as of 2025). Construction [had earlier, been] scheduled to start in 2022, according to the website of NS Energy.

As of November 2020, Laos [was] doing evaluations on potential (or possible) impact on the environment; at the same time Laos has [temporarily delayed, or] suspended the project [or other work on the project], media said in January 2021.

Laos "has already begun preparatory work for the 912-megawatt Pak Beng dam in the northern province of Oudomxay, according to an article in Seattle Times in 2016.

The project is going to be funded by the Chinese company, Datang Overseas Investment.

## Lawsuit in Thailand
In 2021, a court of appeal in Thailand rejected an appeal for petition against the dam.

Previously, people living in eight Thai provinces along the Mekong River have been suing [since June 2017] state agencies [in Thailand] because they say that there wasn't enough public participation in planning for the Pak Beng hydropower dam, which is being built by Laos.

## References
Dunderland (concentration camp)

**Dunderland** was a Nazi concentration camp in Norway during World War II. It was located in Dunderlandsdalen, a valley in Rana. As of May 1945, it had between 477 The camp's purpose was to make prisoners do forced labor on the Nordland Line.

In 2017, a government agency called the Directorate for Cultural Heritage ordered the remains of the concentration camp to be .

## Related pages
*Occupation government's prison camps in Norway during World War II
*Nazi concentration camps
*Nazi Germany
*World War II

## References
Perambalur district

**Perambalur district** is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district headquarters is located at Perambalur. The district occupies an area of 1,752 km².  565,223 people lived there with 1,003 females for every 1,000 males in 2011.

Perambalur district is a centrally located inland district of Tamil Nadu. It was trifurcated (thrice-divided) from Tiruchirappalli district and was formed on 1 November 1995. The district is bounded by Cuddalore district in the north, Tiruchirappalli district in the south, Ariyalur in the east and Namakkal and Tiruchirappalli districts in the west.

According to the 2011 census, the sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males was much above the national average of 929. A total of 59,567 were under the age of six,  31,135 males and 28,432 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 31.01% and .46% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 66.49%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 149,243 households. There were a total of 299,726 workers, comprising 107,542 cultivators, 91,135 main agricultural labourers, 4,365 in household industries, 52,055 other workers, 44,629 marginal workers, 9,762 marginal cultivators, 27,143 marginal agricultural labourers, 978 marginal workers in household industries and 6,746 other marginal workers.

## References
Perambalur

**Perambalur** is a municipality town in the state of Tamil Nadu . It is the administrative headquarters of Perambalur district and Perambalur Taluk (Sub-District). Perambalur is the central town of Tamil Nadu. Perambalur district is bounded on the North by Cuddalore and Salem, South by Trichy, East by Ariyalur, West by Trichy and Salem. As of 2011 census, the town had a population of 49,648. There are a set of 11th century Buddhists images around the villages of Perambalur called Perambalur Buddhas.
## Population
According to 2011 census, Perambalur had a population of 49,648 with a sex-ratio of 1,013 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 5,190 were under the age of six, constituting 2,678 males and 2,512 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 29.43% and .29% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 80.77%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 12732 households. There were a total of 18,430 workers, comprising 998 cultivators, 1,746 main agricultural labourers, 364 in house hold industries, 13,762 other workers, 1,560 marginal workers, 49 marginal cultivators, 390 marginal agricultural labourers, 78 marginal workers in household industries and 1,043 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Perambalur had 86.94% Hindus, 9.29% Muslims, 3.6% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.0% Jains, 0.12% following other religions and 0.03% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.
Perambalur taluk

**Perambalur taluk** is a taluk of Perambalur district in Tamil Nadu, India. Its headquarters is the town of Perambalur. Perambalur taluk comprises the town of Perambalur and 27 revenue villages.
## Demographics 
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Perambalur had a population of 161,993 with 81,313 males and 80,680 females. There were 992 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 73.87. Child population in the age group below 6 was 7,704 males and 7,054 females.

## References
Ariyalur district

The **Ariyalur District** is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The district headquarters is  at Ariyalur. The district area is 1,949.31 km² and population was 752,481 at the 2011 census.

Ariyalur is noted for its cement industries and has huge reserves of lignite. Gangaikonda Cholapuram built by the King Rajendra Cholan of Chola Empire, an UNESCO World Heritage site is in the district. This district is also known for its rich prehistoric fossils. Many fossils of gigantic Molluscs, Jawed fishes were discovered here. Notably, The Rajasaurus, an Indian dinosaur genus was identified here.

According to the 2011 census Ariyalur district has a population of 752,481, roughly equal to the nation of Guyana or the U.S. state of Alaska. This gives it a ranking of 491st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 387 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,000/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 8.19%.As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Tamil Nadu (out of 32), after Perambalur and Nilgiris.

The district became famous in 2008, when theft of 8 idols were discovered from a 9th-century Chola Brahadeeswarar Temple at gangai konda cholapuram was discovered by Archaeological Survey of India(ASI) Government of India officials. One of these idols, the Sripuranthan Natarajan Idol found its way to the National Gallery of Australia. Two of the stolen statues were later returned and are now displayed in the Government Museum at Kumbakonam.

## References
Ariyalur

**Ariyalur** is a town and district headquarters of Ariyalur district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu and rich lime stone and surrounded with five cement factory and two suger factory. It is the smallest district headquarters in Tamil Nadu. The town is a part of the fertile Cauvery Delta and the major profession in the town is agriculture.

Ariyalur is administered by a municipality established in 1994. As of 2011, the municipality covered an area of 7.62 km2 (2.94 sq mi) and had a population of 28,902. Ariyalur comes under the Ariyalur assembly constituency which elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and it is a part of the Chidambaram constituency which elects its Member of Parliament (MP) once in five years. 

## Demographics
According to 2011 census, Ariyalur had a population of 28,902 with a sex-ratio of 1,014 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 2,977 were under the age of six, constituting 1,538 males and 1,439 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 11.26% and .03% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 76.04%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of : 7319 households. There were a total of 10,283 workers, comprising 315 cultivators, 670 main agricultural labourers, 298 in house hold industries, 7,165 other workers, 1,835 marginal workers, 159 marginal cultivators, 175 marginal agricultural labourers, 150 marginal workers in household industries and 1,351 other marginal workers. As of 2008, there were a total of eight notified slums, with 5,907 comprising 21% of the total population residing in those. As per the religious census of 2011, Ariyalur had 90.55% Hindus, 4.61% Muslims, 3.81% Christians, 0.02% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.01% Jains, 0.97% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.
Ariyalur taluk

**Ariyalur taluk** is a taluk of Ariyalur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Ariyalur.

## Demographics 
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Ariyalur had a population of 255,749 with 126,931 males and 128,818 females. There were 1,015 women for every 1,000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 64.54. Child population in the age group below 6 was 13,812 males and 12,795 females.

## References
Nathan Arenas

**Nathan Alejandro Arenas** (born September 30, 2005) is an American child actor. He auditioned for his very first role ever, like co-star Nina Lu, in the Disney Channel series ''BUNK'D* (a spinoff of *Jessie*) as Jorge. He also played Robbie in the ABC Studios TV series *Criminal Minds'' and Danny in the Disney+ series Diary of a Future President. Arenas is of Mexican descent.
Ulfberht

with «+VLFBERHT +» built into it. Germanisches Nationalmuseum owns the sword.]]

**Ulfberht** is a transcription of «+VLFBERH+T», and has become the name of some swords found from the 8th century to the 11th century.

Around 170 swords have been found, that have the phrase «+VLFBERH+T», or variations of that, built into the sword. Perhaps «+VLFBERH+T» is a trademark or a family name.

## Swords with *+VLFBERH+T* 
 in a publication (by Anders Lorange) from 1889]]

*In Gemany, the Sword of Grossenwieden was found in 2012.

## References
Kenneth Jay Lane

**Kenneth Jay Lane** (April 22, 1932 – July 20, 2017) was an American costume jewelry designer. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. Lane started designing jewelry and launched his business in 1963 whilst producing bejeweled footwear for Dior and Arnold Scaasi. In 1966 Lane was awarded a special Coty Award for his jewelry design. He also won the Neiman Marcus Fashion Award in 1968.

Lane died in his sleep at his Manhattan apartment on July 20, 2017 at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Personal website
Oropharyngeal cancer

**Oropharyngeal cancer** is a disease in which malignant cells form in the tissue of oropharynx. The oropharynx is the middle part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.  

Oropharyngeal cancers can be divided into two types, HPV-positive, which are related to human papillomavirus infection, and HPV-negative cancers, which are usually linked to alcohol or tobacco use.

## References
Blaoui Houari

**Blaoui Houari** (23 January 1926 – 19 July 2017) was an Algerian singer-songwriter, composer and conductor. During his career, he recorded over 900 songs and released over 100 albums. Houari was born in Oran, Western Algeria, then French Algeria. Houari began his career as a singer-songwriter in the 1940.

During the Algerian War, Houari was arrested by the French army and detained in Sig for his pro-Algerian songs. When Algeria became an independent nation in 1962, he became the head of Oran's public radio and television stations.

## References
Venkaiah Naidu

**Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu**, (born 1 July 1949) is an Indian politician. He was the 13th Vice President of India from 11 August 2017 to 11 August 2022. On 5 August 2017, Naidu was elected Vice President of India with 67.89% of the votes. 

Naidu served as the Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Urban Development and Information and Broadcasting in the Narendra Modi cabinet. A well known leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, he has also served as its national president from 2002 to 2004. Earlier, he was the Union Cabinet Minister for Rural Development in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government.

## References
Alexei Leonov

**Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov** (**Алексе́й Архи́пович Лео́нов**) (30 May 1934 &ndash; 11 October 2019) was a Soviet/Russian cosmonaut, Air Force Major general, writer and artist. On 18 March 1965, he became the first human to conduct extravehicular activity (EVA), exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for a 12-minute spacewalk. He was born in Listvyanka, West Siberian Krai, Soviet Union.

Leonov died on 11 October 2019 from diabetes-related problems. He was 85. He was the last survivor of the cosmonauts in the Voskhod programme.

## References
## Other websites
*A video of his spacewalk 
*The Voskhod 2 mission revisited
*Science fiction art by Leonov and Sokolov. Extensive gallery, with annotation. 
*could see Armstrong bouncing on the moon"&nbsp;– Alexey Leonov
*The official website of the city administration Baikonur - Honorary citizens of Baikonur
* Alexeï Léonov, the Spacewalker, Vladimir Kozlov's film, France-Russia, 2011
Jonathan Shurberg

**Jonathan Seth Shurberg** (March 27, 1963 – July 18, 2017) was an American attorney and community advocate of Jewish descent. He was the 2014 Democratic Party candidate for state delegate. He was a practicing lawyer for over twenty years, and was active in Maryland politics from 2002 until his death.

Shurberg died on July 18, 2017 in Silver Spring, Maryland from a long-illness at the age of 54.

## References
## Other websites
*Campaign website
Grady Little

**William Grady Little** (born March 30, 1950) is a former baseball manager. He was the manager of two Major League Baseball teams. He managed the Boston Red Sox in 2002 and 2003, and the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2006 and 2007.

## Other websites
* Managerial record at Baseball-Reference.com
Departments of Uruguay

**Uruguay** has 19 **departments**. Each department has an **Intendant** (similar to a Governor in other countries) elected for a period of 5 years and who is in charge of the public businesses of the department. There is also a Departmental Council ().

## Related pages
* ISO 3166-2:UY
 
## References
## Other websites
* Statoids - Departments of Uruguay
Animal Jam Classic

***Animal Jam Classic***, formerly known as ***Animal Jam*** is a virtual world made by WildWorks and the National Geographic Society. Many of the players in Animal Jam are children and teenagers. According to the WildWorks website, the game has about 160 million players. The game is free to play, but to be able to receive all the things *Animal Jam Classic* has to offer, a membership needs to be purchased online or through a store-purchased gift card.

In *Animal Jam Classic*, players can do activities like playing games, making friends, and decorating their dens and animals. They also learn facts about science, especially in the field of zoology, the study of animals. *Animal Jam Classic* takes place in a world called Jamaa, and each player is known in the game as a Jammer.

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website
ISO 3166-2:UY

**ISO 3166-2:UY** is the entry for Uruguay in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces, departments or states) of all countries that are in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Uruguay, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for the 19 departments.

Each code has of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the second part is two letters.

## Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

## Related pages
* Departments of Uruguay

## Other websites
* ISO Online Browsing Platform: UY
* Departments of Uruguay, Statoids.com
Heukseok Station

**Heukseok(Chung-Ang University) Station** is a train station of Seoul Subway Line 9, in Dongjak District, Seoul, South Korea.

## Argument about Station name 
When deciding station name of Line 9, Chung-Ang Univeristy, located near Heukseok Station, suggested the station name as "Chung-Ang University Station"() or "Chung-Ang University·Heukseok Station"(), but station name is decided as "Heukseok Station".

Later, Seoul Government changed that decision, and add "Chung-Ang University" in station name. So, final station name is decided as "**Heukseok (Chung-Ang University)**" ().

## History
* May 1, 2008 : Station name decided as **Heukseok Station**
* September 18, 2008 : Name changed to **Heukseok(Chung-Ang University) Station**
* July 24, 2009 : Opened with opening of Seoul Subway Line 9 Gaehwa - Sinnonhyeon

## Passenger count 
Data of 2009 is calculated from July 24 (First Opened) ~ December 31.

## References
José Bragato

**José Bragato** (12 October 1915 – 18 July 2017) was an Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor, arranger and musical archivist. He was born in Udine, Italy.

In his early career, was principal cellist in the Colón Theatre orchestra in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Apart from his involvement in classical music he also performed for many years in a number of Ástor Piazzolla's *Nuevo tango* (New tango) ensembles where his cello solos, which had never before featured in tango, put him in the vanguard of *Nuevo tango* from its birth in the 1950s.  Since then he has done numerous and varied arrangements of Piazzolla's compositions.

Bragato died on 18 July 2017 in Buenos Aires at the age of 101.

## References
## Other websites
* Todo Tango: Bragato  
* José Bragato y familia (blog)
Halfway house

A **halfway house** is a place that helps people with physical, mental, and emotional disabilities, giving them a place to live while they learn the social and other skills they need to live on their own or with assistance.

The house has staff workers from the health and helping professions, such as psychologists, social workers, and educators. They help the residents one-on-one or in groups, to adjust to more independent living. Some staff may live in the house. Some houses have large, same-sex dormitory rooms. Others have smaller rooms shared by several roommates, like living in an apartment or flat.

This word has been in use in the United States since the Temperance Movement in the 1840s.

## Types
Halfway houses are normally either for patients or for criminals.

For patients, there are one of two choices. In one type, a patient is first placed into a large room with around fifty to one-hundred other people with the same disability as them. As the patients need less help from staff workers, they get moved into smaller rooms with less people, and at the end they are given their own place to live with no other people.

In the other type, new patients start in small rooms. As they need less help from staff workers, their rooms become bigger, and when they stop needing any help, they are living in the big room of 50 to 100 people.

Halfway houses for criminals, also called **Community Corrections Centers** or **Community Correctional Centers**, are places where criminals are put after they are taken away from prisons.
Perfect Sisters

***Perfect Sisters*** is a thriller movie from 2014. it is also known as ***Deadly Sisters***. The movie  is based on the novel *The Class Project: How to Kill a Mother*, which itself was based on the real-life murder of Linda Andersen. The movie is about two teenage girls, and their mother, who is an alcoholic. Their mother has boyfriends, who are often aabusive towards her, and her children. One day, the two sisters decide to kill their mother and make it look like an accident.

The movie stars Abigail Breslin and Georgie Henley as the two sisters, and Mira Sorvino as the mother. The movie was controversial. People said it showed the murders in a far too good light. Author and journalist Bob Mitchell stated, "I don't think the movie dealt with how cold-blooded and calculating they were", in an interview about the theater adaptation of his book.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has an approval rating of 25% based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 3.86/10. On Metacritic,it has a weighted average score of 44 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "mixed or average favorable reviews". Dennis Harvey of *Variety* criticized the film for being "ineffectual and cartoonish", and compared it unfavorably to the similarly-themed 1994 film *Heavenly Creatures*.

## References
Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese

Some Chinese characters for non-Chinese people were racist insults where the words themselves were not the insults, but the characters chosen to write them were. These characters chosen to racially insult people are called **graphic pejoratives**.  

## History 
An example of this is the name of the Yao people. The name of the Yao people, who are native to southwest China and Vietnam, used to be written as 猺 (*Yáo*), which means "jackal". However, when China made language reforms in the 20th century, the name of the Yao people was changed to 瑶, which has the exact same pronunciation, but the character means "jade". 

Another example is Japan's original name. Before Japan chose its own name, the Chinese called the Japanese 倭 (*Wō*), which is pronounced *Wa* in Japanese and it means "dwarf; subservience". However, the Japanese thought the name the Chinese gave them was insulting, so the Japanese changed the Chinese exonym to 和, which has the same pronunciation as 倭 in Japanese but means "harmony", and the Japanese chose to call their own country 日本, which is pronounced *Nippon* or *Nihon* in Japanese and it means "origin of the sun".
Michel Aurillac

**Michel Aurillac** (11 July 1928 &ndash; 6 July 2017) was a French lawyer, politician and author. He served as a member of the National Assembly for Indre from 1978 to 1981, and in 1986. He was the Minister of Cooperation from 1986 to 1988. He won the 1987 Prix Narcisse Michaut from the Académie française.

Aurillac died on 6 July 2017 in Indre, France at the age of 88.

## References
Sericulture

**Sericulture**, also called **silk farming**, is the process of making silk fibers. It starts by raising silkworms and then processing the fibers they produce. Silk fibers are combined into silk thread. The thread can then be twisted into silk yarn or woven into silk cloth (fabric).

## Production 
### Stages of production
The stages of production are as follows:

# The silk moth lays thousands of eggs.
# The silk moth eggs hatch to form larvae or caterpillars, known as silkworms.
# The larvae feed on mulberry leaves.
# Having grown and moulted several times, the silkworm pushes out silk fibers to make a net to hold itself.
# It swings its head from side to side in a figure '8' distributing the saliva that will form silk. 
# The silk solidifies when it contacts the air.
# The silkworm spins approximately one mile of filament (fiber) and completely encloses itself in a cocoon. This takes about two or three days. 
#The whole cocoons are picked and boiled, killing the silkworm pupa.
# The silk is obtained by brushing the undamaged cocoon to find the outside end of the filament.
# The silk filaments are then wound on a reel. 

The amount of usable quality silk in each cocoon is small. As a result, about 2500 silkworms are required to produce a pound of raw silk.

One cocoon contains approximately 1,000 yards of silk filament. The silk at the winding stage is known as "raw" silk. One thread is made up of as many as 48 individual silk filaments.

### Areas of production
Ancient China began producing silk cloth by 3000 B.C., and was the only major producer of silk until medieval times, when sericulture spread across Asia and Europe. China and India produce the most silk in modern times, followed by Uzbekistan and Thailand.

## Ethics
Silk worm cocoons are boiled to separate the fibers. This kills the pupa inside, raising ethical concerns. In response, the process of making "peace silk" was created. This process allows the pupa to hatch as adult moths before the broken cocoons are boiled. However, the moths then suffer greatly in the commercial setting, discarded to starve to death after mating or killed by grinding to analyze their remains for disease insted of being cared for, and since the nervous system of animals breaks down in the cocoon stage, negating senses such as pain, there is far more suffering in the current "peace silk" process than in the regular silkmaking process.

## References 
## Other websites
* The History of Sericulture , from the *Smithsonian magazine*
* Central Silk Board of India 
* Silk Production Process
* Sericultural Research & Training Institute of Mysore, India 
* Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre  Ministry of Textiles, Government of India 
* Sericulture in the India Development Gateway
* Silkworm Life cycle (photos)
* Raising silkworms in your classroom, including photos
* "Livelihood - Hanging by a Thread"
* A bitter-sweet story
Clugin

**Clugin** () was a municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Clugin and Pignia merged into the municipality of Andeer.
Conters im Prättigau

**Conters im Prättigau** is a municipality of the district Davos in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the municipality of Conters im Prättigau
Cumbel

**Cumbel** was a municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged into the new municipality of Lumnezia.

## Other websites
* Official Website
Cunter

**Cunter** was a municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Cunter, Bivio, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged into the new municipality of Surses.
Mies, Switzerland

**Mies** is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The municipality is halfway between Geneva and Nyon.

Mies is one of the municipalities of the Canton de Vaud which are collectively known as the "Terre-Sainte".

## Gallery

File:Mies3.JPG|Town Hall of Mies
File:Mies9.JPG|Mies

## Sports
Mies is home to the headquarters of FIBA, the international governing body of basketball.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Mies
Duillier

**Duillier** is a municipality of the district of Nyon in the Swiss canton of Vaud.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Webpage
Bellbrook, Ohio

**Bellbrook** is a city in Ohio in the United States. It is found at  (39.637609, −84.088348).

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Bellbrook official website
Hardin County, Ohio

**Hardin County** is a county of Ohio in the United States. In 2020, 30,696 people lived there. The county seat is Kenton. It was founded in 1833.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Hardin County website
Indian Hill, Ohio

**The Village of Indian Hill** is a city in Ohio, United States. The village of Indian Hill is a small town that contains the Indian Hill School District. There is a middle, high, elementary, and primary school. Mostly a residential town, most inhabitants will travel to the nearby town, Madeira, for groceries and food. Indian Hill High School is renowned for its academic and extracurricular achievements. Many sports are held at Indian Hill, such as the Braves Marching Band, the IH Cross Country, IH Track, IH Swimming, IH Soccer, et cetera. Students are proud to lead many of the extracurriculars there, like *The Hill*, the school newspaper club, and many of our theatrical productions are led by the students involved. This allows a lot of inclusion between the staff and the students. Many clubs at Indian Hill are unique, including the Diversity Club, the GSA, the Dance Club, the IH Tech Crew, etc.
Maxine Waters

**Maxine Moore Waters** (born  August 15, 1938) is an American politician. She is the U.S. Representative for , and previously the 35th and 29th districts, serving since 1991. She is a member of the Democratic Party, she is the most senior of the 12 black women currently serving in the United States Congress, and is a member and former chair of the Congressional Black Caucus.

## References
Sarah Huckabee Sanders

**Sarah Elizabeth Huckabee Sanders** (née **Huckabee**; born August 13, 1982) is an American Republican politician who is the 47th and current Governor of Arkansas since 2023. Sanders was the 31st White House Press Secretary from July 26, 2017 to July 1, 2019. She served as Deputy White House Press Secretary from January through July 2017.

Sanders announced her resignation as Press Secretary on June 16, 2019 and left the office on July 1.

Sanders is the daughter of former Governor of Arkansas and presidential candidate Mike Huckabee, and former Arkansas first lady Janet Huckabee.

On January 25, 2021, Sanders announced her candidacy for Arkansas Governor in the 2022 election. She won the Republican nomination in May 2022 and then the general election in November 2022. She is the first woman to hold the office and the first woman to be governor of a state of which her father was also governor.

Sanders was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in September 2022. She had surgery to remove her thyroid and the surrounding lymph nodes.

## References