open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cannabis (drug)

**Cannabis**, also known as **marijuana**, **weed**, **sativa**, and **indica** (as well as other names) is a psychoactive drug from the *Cannabis* plant used for medical or recreational reasons. The main part of cannabis that causes its effects is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of the 483 known chemical compounds in the plant, including at least 65 other cannabinoids, which are chemicals only found in Cannabis. Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporizing, within food, or as an extract.

Cannabis is mostly used recreationally or medically, although like other psychoactive drugs it may also be used for spiritual purposes. In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65). It is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world, though it is legal in some areas. The places it is used most are () Zambia, the United States, Canada, and Nigeria. It is illegal in most of the world.

Marijuana plants are split into 3 categories: sativa, indica, and hybrid. A hybrid is a mixture of sativa and indica. Sativa is a mild stimulant whilst indica is a mild depressant. 

## Notes 
## References
Draguignan

**Draguignan** () is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France.

It is a subprefecture of the department.

## History
Draguignan became the prefecture of the Var in 1797, at the beginning of the French Revolution. This was even if the town was not the biggest city in the department. It remained as the prefecture until 1974, when it was moved to Toulon.

## Geography
The city is at the foot of the Malmont mountain, in a valley that is about  long, from northwest to southeast. The Nartuby, a tributary of the Argens river, flows to the west of the city.

Draguignan has an area of ,  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Draguignan is surrounded by the *communes* Saint-Rémy, Maleville, La Bastide-l'Évêque, Morlhon-le-Haut, Sanvensa, La Rouquette, Savignac and Toulonjac.

### Climate
The climate of Draguignan, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Csb** - Mediterranean climate with template summers.

## Population
With a population in 2013 of 39,174,

## Sister cities
Draguignan is twinned with:
*  Tuttlingen, Germany

## Gallery

File:Sous-préfecture de Draguignan.JPG|Subprefecture of Draguignan
File:Malmont vu depuis le Col de l'ange.JPG|Malmont mountain
File:Chapelle de l'Observance - Draguignan.jpg|''Chapelle de l'Observance*, Draguignan
File:Couvent et Chapelle des Minimes - Draguignan (3).jpg|*Chapelle des Minimes'' and convent, Draguignan

## References
## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Var department

## Other websites
*Mairie de Villefranche-de-Rouergue - Official website
Military glider

**Military gliders** (a variation of the common glider) have been used by the military of various countries for carrying troops and heavy equipment into a war zone. They were used mainly during the Second World War. These aircraft with no engines were ed into the air and most of the way to their  by military transport planes. One of the most popular tow aircraft was the C-47 Skytrain or Dakota. They could also be towed by bombers. Military gliders do not . Once released from the tow craft near the front lines, they were to land on any convenient open terrain close to their target. 

They tried to landed with as little  as possible to the cargo and crew as possible. But most landing zones (LZ) were far from ideal. The one-way nature of the s meant that military gliders were treated as being . This is why they were made from common and  materials such as wood. They were unarmored, , aircraft with crude steering and no brakes. This is why a large number of them crashed on landing. Casualties for some missions ran as high as 40%. 

Gilders had certain advantages, however. Paratroopers, soldiers landing by parachute, were usually spread over a large area. They could easily be separated from other paratroopers and from air-dropped , such as vehicles and anti-tank guns. Gliders, on the other hand, could land troops and equipment  at the target  area. Once released from the tow aircraft, military gliders were silent and difficult for the enemy to identify. Larger gliders were developed to land heavy equipment like anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns, small vehicles, such as jeeps, and also light tanks (e.g., the Tetrarch tank). This heavier equipment made glider forces much more capable. During World War II, the United States had about 6,000 trained glider pilots. Some were given a second chance to fly as glider pilots after failing to complete conventional aircraft training. The Soviets also experimented with ways to deliver light tanks by air, including the Antonov A-40, a gliding tank with detachable wings.

By the time of the Korean War, helicopters had largely replaced gliders. Helicopters have the advantage of being able to deliver and extract soldiers to and from the battlefield with more precision. Also, modern advances allow even light tanks to be dropped by parachute. Only special forces use gliders for silent, small-scale insertion today.

## References
Roman dictator

A **dictator** was the senior magistrate of the Roman Republic. They were regularly appointed from the earliest period of the Republic down to the Second Punic War.

Dictators had the full authority of the state to deal with a military emergency or to undertake a specific duty. The right of the Tribune of the plebs to veto his actions was extremely limited.  However, to prevent the dictatorship from threatening the state itself, limitations were placed on his powers. A dictator had a clear sphere of authority. He had to resign once his task was done, or after six months. 

After the Second Punic War, no dictators were appointed for over a century. Then the idea was revived by Sulla, and later by Caesar. Sulla was a tyrant, and Caesar was murdered soon after becoming dictator.

The office was formally abolished after the death of Caesar, and not revived under the Empire.

## References
The Conquest of Malacca (epic poem)

**The Conquest of Malacca** (*Malaca conquistada*) is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Francisco de Sá de Meneses.

## General information 
*The Conquest of Malacca* is an epic poem. It was published in 1634. It is one of the more noted Portuguese poem of the 17th century.

## Author 
Francisco de Sá de Meneses was a poet of Baroque. He was born about 1600 and died in 1664.

## Form 
The poem is written in ottava rima (oitava-rima in Portuguese). In other words it is composed of stanzas of eight lines, rhymed abababcc. The same strophe was used earlier by Luís de Camões in *The Lusiads*.

: *Canto as armas e o grande Lusitano*
: *Que, desde a ocidental extrema parte,*
: *Aonde o Sol se levanta do oceano*
: *Levou das Quinas santas o estandarte*
: *E (castigado o pérfido tirano)*
: *A cidade ganhou, por força e arte,*
: *Do áureo reino, e trocou com pio exemplo*
: *A profana mesquita em sacro templo.*

## Story 
The poem by Francisco de Sá de Meneses tells about the batles of Malacca. The battle was fought in 1511. Portuguese forces, led by Afonso de Albuquerque, the governor of India, seized the city of Malacca. The city was a strong fortress. It controlled the strait of Malacca, which was the way to China.

## Translation 
The poem was translated into English by Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr. The book was published by University of Malaya Press in Kuala Lumpur in 1970.

## References 
## Bibliography 
* 

## Other websites 
* Francisco de Sá de Meneses, Malaca conquistada at Bibliotecva Nacional de Portugal.
Isérables

**Isérables** is a municipality of the district of Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
SPQR

SPQR are the initials of a Latin phrase Senatus Populusque Romanus. It means "The Roman Senate and People." 

It refers to the government of the ancient Roman Republic. It is still used as an official emblem of the modern-day municipality of Rome. 

SPQR appears on Roman coins, at the end of documents made public by inscription in stone or metal, in dedications of monuments and public works, and on the flag (vexilloid) of the Roman legions.

The phrase appears in Roman political, legal and historical literature, such as the speeches of Cicero and *Ab Urbe Condita Libri* ("Books from the Founding of the City") of Livy.

The date of first use of SPQR is not known. It first appears in inscriptions of the later Republic, from about 80 BC onwards. It last appears on coins of Constantine the Great (ruled AD 312-337), the first Christian Roman emperor.

The signature continued in use under the Roman Empire. The emperors were considered the representatives of the people, although the decrees of the Senate were dictated by the wishes of the emperor.

Similar language in more modern political and social revolutions no doubt comes from this usage. During the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini, SPQR was emblazoned on many public buildings in an attempt to promote his dictatorship as a "New Roman Empire."
]]
The National Museum of Computing

**The National Museum of Computing** is a museum in the United Kingdom dedicated to collecting and  old computer systems. The museum is based at Bletchley Park in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. It opened in 2007. The building — *Block H* — was built in 1944. At the end of World War II it housed six Colossus computers. It is the first computer centre in the world.

The museum has a rebuilt Colossus computer. It also has an exhibition of the most complex code cracking activities that were performed at Bletchley Park during World War II. More modern computers can be seen. They show the history of the development of computing from the 1940s to the present day. The museum tries to have these machines in working order.

Although located on the Bletchley Park "campus", The National Museum of Computing is an entirely separate charity. It receives no public funding. It relies on the  of s and s. Tickets for admission to the museum are separate from those for the other museum on the site.

## References
Day of the Dead

The **Day of the Dead** () is a Mexican holiday celebrated in Mexico known around the world by the skull painting face. It is celebrated by people of Mexico living in other places, especially the United States. Family and friends gather for this multi-day holiday to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died while creating an Ofrenda. They do Ofrenda on a altar at home and also on the grave. It is also to help support their spiritual journey. In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

The origin of the day of the dead comes from a mix of culture. Aztec and Christian are the main influence of it. In some countries people use sugar skull painting for Halloween but it is not the same celebration. Everyone is welcomed to join in on the celebration, but nearly everyone in Mexico celebrates it. The Day of the Dead is a holiday celebrated all throughout Mexico. It is a day to celebrate, remember and prepare special foods in honor of those who have died. The traditional food is the bread of the dead (pan de muertos). People paint there faces to match Caleveras. The famous decoration is the  skulls, Marigolds, and candles. People believe the spirit of the dead goes and visits their families from October 31 (aka Halloween) then leaves on November 2. The Day of the Dead is held every year on the  of November in Mexico. This Mexican holiday is celebrated because families do it to honor their loved ones who have passed.

## References
Vargas tragedy

**Vargas tragedy** is one of the worst disaster that struck the Venezuelan country's Vargas state on 15 December 1999. It was a result of heavy downpour of rain, flash floods and mudslides that followed on 14-16 December 1999 which killed 10,000*30,000 peoples.This disaster led to an complete collapse of the infrastructure of the state of Vargas.

Many towns were swept away to the ocean due to the floods.Whole towns like Cerro Grande and Carmen de Uria completely disappeared. As much as 10% of the population of Vargas perished during this event.The coastal area of Vargas has long been subject to mudslides and flooding: geologically similar catastrophes occurred with regularity. The most recent major flood was in 1951, however that event did not cause as much damage.

In a 52-hour span during 14, 15 and 16 December 1999,  of rain (approximately one year's total rainfall for the region) was measured on the north-central coast of Venezuela at Simón Bolívar International Airport in Maiquetia, Venezuela. These heavy rains included  of accumulation in just one hour, between 6 and 7 AM on the 16th; precipitation on both the 15th and 16th exceeded the 1,000-year probability rainfall event. Even so, the coast received much less rain than some regions upstream.

The disaster caused estimated damages of USD $1.79 to $3.5 billion. and 30,000&mdash;the exact number of casualties is difficult to determine as there was no reliable census data, especially about shanty towns and small communities that were completely wiped out; moreover, only some 1,000 bodies were recovered, with the rest swept to sea by the mud or buried in the landslides. More than 8,000 homes and 700 apartment buildings were destroyed in Vargas displacing up to 75,000 people.

## References
Orville Turnquest

**Sir Orville Alton Turnquest** (born 19 July 1929) is a retired Bahamian politician. He was the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the Bahamas from 1992 to 1994, and the fifth Governor-General of the Bahamas from 3 January 1994 until his retirement on 13 November 2001.

Turnquest was born in Grants Town, New Providence. He was educated at the University of London.

## References
Ivy Dumont

**Dame Ivy Leona Dumont**, DCMG (born 2 October 1930) is a retired Bahamian politician. She was the sixth Governor-General of the Bahamas.

She was the first woman in the Bahamas to hold this office, from 1 January 2002 (on an acting basis since 13 November 2001) until 30 November 2004. She previously served as Education Minister from 1995 to 2001.

## Other websites
*Official biography
Luis García Meza

**Luis García Meza Tejada** (August 8, 1929 &ndash; April 29, 2018) was a former Bolivian dictator. In 1980, he led a military coup d'état on President Lidia Gueiler Tejada, his cousin. He later made himself president on 17 July 1980. He left office on 4 August 1981 after being exiled for human rights violations. Before becoming president, he worked closely with Bolivian president Hugo Banzer. 

García Meza died in La Paz on April 29, 2018, of a heart attack at the age of 88.

## References
Charrat

**Charrat** was a municipality in Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021, Charrat became a part of Martigny.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Fully

**Fully** is a municipality in the district of Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Viriato Trágico

**Viriato Trágico** is a long poem by Portuguese poet Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas (1596-1656).

## Overview
Viriato Trágico is a heroic poem, one of the most important Portuguese poems of the 17th century. It consists of twenty books. It was first printed in 1699, many years after author's death.

## Form 
The poem about Viriatus by Garcia de Mascarenhas is written in ottava rima (oitava rima in Portuguese). This strophe was very popular in Portugal in 17th century. It was introduced into Portuguese literature by Francisco de Sá de Miranda. 

After Luís de Camões used the strophe in The Lusiads all poets emloyed it in long works. The strophe consists of eight lines rhymed abababcc. The lines are composed of ten syllables each.

: *Canto um Pastor, Amores, e Armas canto,*
: *Canto o Raio do monte, e da campanha,*
: *Terror da Itália, e do mundo espanto,*
: *Glória de Portugal, honra de Espanha:*
: *Triunfante da Águia, que triunfando tanto,*
: *Tanto a seus raios tímida se acanha,*
: *Que à traição, só dormindo, o viu rendido,*
: *Porque desperto nunca foi vencido.*

## Story 
The poem tells about an ancient hero, Viriatus. He was a warrior from Lusitania (old Portugal). He was famous for his struggle for independence against the Romans. 

He was invincible in any battle. As the Romans could not defeat him in the open field, the decided to get rid of him by an unlawful deed. Viriatus was assasinated in his sleep.
He died, but his fame outlived the Roman empire.

## References 
## Bibliography 
* Viriato tragico : poema heroico em 20 cantos de Bras Garcia Mascaranhas, Lisboa 1846.

## Other websites 
* Bras Garcia de Mascaranhas, Viriato tragico, poema heroico em 20 cantos at Hathi Trust.
SMS Posen

**SMS Posen** was a German battleship built in 1907 and launched in 1910. She had twelve 11 inch guns in six turrets.

The ship sailed during most of the First World War, in the North Sea. The main battle she was in was the Battle of Jutland where she hit another German ship which then sank. 

The ship served with her three sister ships for the majority of World War I. She saw extensive service in the North Sea, where she took part in several fleet sorties. These culminated in the Battle of Jutland on 31&nbsp;May&nbsp;– 1&nbsp;June 1916, where *Posen* was heavily engaged in night-fighting against British light forces. In the confusion, the ship accidentally rammed the light cruiser SMS&nbsp;*Elbing*, which suffered serious damage and was scuttled later in the night.

The ship also conducted several deployments to the Baltic Sea against the Russian Navy. In the first of these, *Posen* supported a German naval assault in the Battle of the Gulf of Riga. The ship was sent back to the Baltic in 1918 to support the White Finns in the Finnish Civil War. At the end of the war, *Posen* remained in Germany while the majority of the fleet was interned in Scapa Flow. In 1919, following the scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow, she was ceded to the British as a replacement for the ships that had been sunk. She was then sent to ship-breakers in the Netherlands and scrapped in 1922.

##  About 
Posen was 146 m long and 27 m wide. She weighed 18,873 tonnes. Her crew was 40 officers and 968 sailors, 1008 total. She had three coal engines and could go at 20 knots or 9600 miles at 12 knots.

Her guns were 28 cm wide and were in six twin turrets in a hexagon shape around the ship. She also had 15cm and 8.8 cm anti aircraft guns. She carried six torpedo which she could shoot out the front, back and sides. She had thick armour along both sides, 30cm thick in most places.

##  History 
 before the war]]
Posen was first ordered in 1906 as the Ersatz Baden. She started being built on 11 June 1907 in secret. She sailed for the first time in December 1908. She cost the German government 36,920,000 Marks.

She went to Wilhelmshavenin 1910 and sailed out of there for the next 4 years. In World War 1 she spent a lot of time in the North Sea, and sometimes going down to the Baltic sea to fight the Russian Navy. She was part of the Battle of Jutland, and in the fight she hit another German ship and made it sink.

## References
## Bibliography
* 
*
Gautam

Gautam is a mythological Hindu sage (Rishi) and one of the seven Rishis. Hindu scriptures have named them as saptarishis, that is, the seven sages. The seven sages were Kashyapa, Atri, Vashitha, Vishvamitra, Gautam, Jamdagni, and Bharadvaja. According to Hindu mythology, these seven sages had become like divine beings. Ancient astrology of Hindus identified these seven sages with the stars of the sky, the Great Bear. Their wives formed the Pleiades.

The Rig Veda has several 'hymns' that go with his name. Sage Gautam is one of the greatest amongst all Saptarshis (seven sages). He was the son of Rahugana. He married to Ahalya and had two sons Vamadeva and Nodhas both themselves discoverers of Mantras. Ramayan and Mahabharatha have references to Sage Gautam as he lived during these two Yugas.

Sage Gautam's sixty-year-long penance is mentioned in the Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata. He is the progenitor of the Gautama gotra.

## References
No. 77 Squadron RAAF

**No. 77 Squadron** is a squadron in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). It flies out of RAAF Williamtown in New South Wales, Australia. It is part of No. 81 Wing and has F18 Hornet fighters. 

The squadron started at RAAF Pearce in Western Australia in 1942 during the Second World War, and fought in the Pacific Theatre with P40 Kittyhawks. After the war it got new P51 Mustangs and went to Japan. 

In 1950 it went to Korea to support the United Nations against North Korea. It got Meteor jets there and shot down five MiG 15s and 5,000 buildings and vehicles. 

When they went back to Australia in 1956 they got new Sabre jets. In 1958 they went to Malaya to help the British Empire there. They stayed there, looking after the country until 1969. Then they went back to Williamtown and got new Mirage jets, then F18 Hornets in 1987. It went to Afghanistan in 2001 and again in 2015. In 2021 it will get F35 Lightning fighters.

## Jobs and planes 
The squadron has F18 Hornets which they got in 1987. They look after an area of sky in New South Wales. 

## References
Hate groups in the United States

A **hate group** is a group that hates a specific group of people.  For example, a hate group might hate everyone who belongs to a different ethnic group, religion, sex, and/or sexual orientation.

## Statistics
According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, as of 2015, there were 892 hate groups currently operating in the United States.  Hate groups exist in every state.

According to the Southern Poverty Law Center:

## References
Sir Breunor

**Bruenor the Black**, also called the **Knight of the Ill-fitting Coat**, was one of the Knights of the Round Table in Arthurian legend. He was the son of Sir Brunor, the "Good Knight without Fear". His brothers were Sir Dinadan and Sir Daniel. Both were killed by Sir Lancelot. Sir Breunor was the lord of Pendragon Castle.

## References
1936 North American heat wave

The **1936 North American heat wave** was the most severe heat wave in United States history. It happened in the middle of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl of the 1930s.

The heat wave began in late June. It created great human suffering. It also caused drought in the Midwest and Great Plains. The lack of moisture, along with heat, destroyed huge numbers of crops.

This heat wave set records in many states, including Iowa, Minnesota and Illinois. In some states, the 1936 records were not broken until 2012. In Ohio, the temperature reached , almost tying the 1934 temperature record there.

More than 5,000 people in the United States died from this heat wave.

The heat also affected Canada.

## References
Val-d'Illiez

'''Val-d'Illiez''' is a municipality of the district Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Gallery

File:Val-d'Illiez - juillet 2022.jpg|Val-d'Illiez
File:Crosets.jpg|Les Crosets

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website  
*
La Fouly

**La Fouly** is a village of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

La Fouly is in the municipality of Orsières.

It sits at the foot of Mont Dolent (3,823 m) and the Tour Noir (3,836m) in the Mont Blanc massif.

## Other websites 
* Official website  
* La Fouly myswitzerland.com
Kempes (Brazilian footballer)

**Everton Kempes dos Santos Gonçalves** (b. 3rd September, 1982 in Carpina, Pernambuco - f. 28th November, 2016 in La Unión, Antioquia) was a Brazilian footballer who played as forward.

He made his debut in 2004 as Paraná's player and spent most of his career in Brazil.

He was named by the former Argentinian footballer: Mario Kempes.

## Death 
On 28 November 2016, Kempes died along his team, Chapecoense and other passengers after the LaMia Airlines Flight 2933 was crashed near La Unión, Antioquia. It was expected that Chapecoense played the final of the South American Cup against Atlético Nacional in Medellín.

## Career 
## Notes and references 
### Notes 
### References 
## Other websites
*
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada

**Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada Sánchez de Bustamante** (born 1 July 1930), familiarly known as "Goni", is a Bolivian politician and businessman. He served as President of Bolivia for two non-consecutive terms from 6 August 1993 through 6 August 1997 and again from 6 August 2002 through his resignation on 17 October 2003. He is a lifelong member of the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR).

## References
## Other websites
*Social and Economis Reforms of Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, personal website
**Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy*, PBS-WGBH
*Interview with President Sancha de Lozada, from *Commanding Heights,* PBS documentary
*"Black October Memorial: A decade of impunity" , Democracy Center
*"A case for extradition: Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada and Carlos Sanchez Berzain", Council of Hemispheric Affairs
*"Gallery of portraits and biographies of presidents of Bolivia" , Presidencia de Bolivia website
Zakir Husain

**Zakir Husain** (8 February 1897&nbsp;– 3 May 1969) was the 3rd President of India. He was the first Muslim president of the Indian nation and also the first to die in office. Zakir Husain was the shortest serving president of India. He previously served as the second Vice-President of India and Governor of Bihar. Zakir Husain was also the co-founder of Jamia Milia Islamia. He served as its Vice-Chancellor. Under Husain, Jamia became closely to the Indian freedom movement.

## Career of serving the nation
Zakir Husain was born in Hyderabad, Telangana in 8 February 1897. He became the Governor of Bihar in 1957 to 1962. Later he became the 2nd Vice President of India after Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. He served in the post from 13 May 1962 to 12 May 1967.In 13 May 1967 he was elected as the 3rd President of India after Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.He was the first Muslim President of India. But his term was short-lived. He died in New Delhi on 3 May 1969 and became the first President to die in the office period.

## References
Puducherry district

Puducherry district is one of the four districts of the union territory of Puducherry in southern India. The district occupies an area of , spread over 11 non-contiguous enclaves lying on or near the Bay of Bengal within a compact area in the state of Tamil Nadu. 
## Demographics
Puducherry district's total population according to the 2011 census is 946,600.It is said that the population roughly equals that of Fiji and US state of Delaware. Literacy rate - 86.13% and Sex ratio is 1031 per 1000 males.
## Divisions
For administrative purpose, the union territory of Puducherry is divided into eight taluks.Some are Puducherry taluk, Villianur taluk, Ozhukarai taluk and Bahour taluk. Among these Ozhukarai taluk is the only taluk without rural areas.Puducherry taluk's rural area is covered in a commune named Ariyankuppam.Villianur taluk has two rural communes namely Mannadipet and Villianur. Bahour taluk consists of two rural communes namely Bahour and Nettapakkam.
## Reference
Yellowstone fires of 1988

The **Yellowstone fires of 1988** were the largest wildfires in the history of the Yellowstone National Park. They began as smaller individual fires. They spread quickly out of control. The fires were made worse by increasing wind and severe drought in the Western United States.

The fires burned for several months. On September 8, 1988, the entire park was closed to all non-emergency people for the first time in its history. The arrival of cool and moist weather in the late autumn brought the fires to an end. 

## References
Alappuzha

**Alappuzha** is a city in Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Alappuzha district. Alappuzha is considered as the oldest planned city in the region. It is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Kerala. The city is located in the coastal region of Laccadive Sea. In 2016, the Centre for Science and Environment rated Alappuzha as the top cleanest town in India.

## Population
According to 2011 census the population of the city is 174,176. The male population is 83,853 and female population is 90,323. The Literacy rate is 96.2%. The languages spoken here are Malayalam, Tamil and Konkani. Most of the population of Alappuzha are of Hindu and Christian religions with a small Muslim population.

## Famous places and events
Alappuzha is famous for Snake boat races, especially the Nehru Trophy Boat Race. Games of cricket, football and basketball are also popular in the city. The Kerala Backwaters of Alappuzha are the most popular tourist attraction in Kerala.
Alappuzha is most famous for its attractions. The attractions here are: 
* The Alappuzha Beach
* Ambalappuzha Sri Krishna Temple
* St. Andrew's Basilica
* Mannarasala Temple
* Chettikulangara Devi Temple
* Haripad Sree Subrahmanya Swamy temple
* Thakazhy Sree Dharma Sastha Temple
* Mullakkal Temple
* Christ Church
* Champakulam Kalloorkadu Church

## References
## Other websites 
* Alappuzha Houseboat Beautiful Backwaters Alleppey Kerala India; YouTube
Chennai district

**Chennai district**, formerly known as Madras district, is one of the 38 districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India. It is the smallest district of Tamil Nadu but has the highest population density. Most of the Chennai Metro region comes under this district.

## Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the population of the Chennai district is 4,646,732. The male population is 2,335,844 and female population is 2,310,888. The literacy rate is 90.18%. The density of population in this district is 26,553 people per square kilometre. The sex ratio is 989 females per 1000 males.

## Administrative divisions
Chennai district is divided into various taluks for administration purposes. They are:

## Geographical area
The total area of the Chennai district is . The district is in the Coromandel coast of the Bay of Bengal. The Guindy National Park region covers  of reserved forest. The waterways here are the Cooum River, Adyar River, Buckingham Canal and Otteri Nullah stream.

## References
Thanjavur district

Thanjavur district is one of the district is known as the "Granary of South India" and "Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu". This is one of the important district for the Tamil Nadu agriculture and economy.

## Population
The Thanjavur district's total population is 2,405,890 according to Census of 2011. Literacy rate is 74.44%. The sex ratio is 1035 per 1000 males.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes consist of 18.91% and 0.15% of the population respectively.
## Agriculture and Tourism
The Thanjavur district is famously known as the "Granary of South India", since the rule of Chola dynasty.This district lies at the Kaveri delta region, the most fertile region in the Tamil Nadu state. The district is the main rice producing region in the state and therefore known as "Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu".  Kaveri River and its tributaries are the main source of irrigation in Thanjavur district. Farmers also grow coconut and sugarcane and it is the largest producer of coconut in Tamil Nadu.

## Reference
Manchester Metropolitan University

The **Manchester Metropolitan University** is the fourth largest university in the United Kingdom (UK). It was founded as Manchester Polytechnic (a union of existing colleges including the college of art) and later granted the status of a university. Its campus lies between Manchester city centre and the campus of the University of Manchester.

*Manchester Metropolitan University
Vionnaz

**Vionnaz** is a municipality in the district of Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## References
Ausserberg

**Ausserberg** is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
I'll Be Missing You

'''''I'll Be Missing You''''' is a song performed by American rapper Puff Daddy and singer Faith Evans featuring 112. It was in memory of Evans’ husband Christopher "The Notorious B.I.G." Wallace. He was killed in Los Angeles on March 9, 1997. It sampled the melody of The Police's “Every Breath You Take” song from the 1980s. As well as these artists, Sting (vocalist from The Police) joined in at the MTV Video Music Awards in 1997.

## Formats and track listings
;Single
# P.Diddy featuring Faith Evans and 112 – "I'll Be Missing You"

;Maxi-single
# P.Diddy featuring Faith Evans and 112 – "I'll Be Missing You"
# The Lox – "We'll Always Love Big Poppa"
# 112 – "Cry On"
# P.Diddy and Faith Evans featuring 112 – "I'll Be Missing You" (Instrumental)
# The Lox – "We'll Always Love Big Poppa" (Instrumental)

## Charts 
## Related pages 
* List of best-selling singles

## References 
## Other websites 
* Puff Daddy - I'll Be Missing You :: Official Video | ft. Faith Evans & 112: YouTube
* The Police - Every Breath You Take: YouTube
Norfolk (disambiguation)

**Norfolk** could mean:
*Norfolk, a county in south-east England
*Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada
*Norfolk, Virginia, a city in the United States
## Related pages
Paget's disease

'''Paget's disease''' is the name for different diseases, which where first described by Sir James Paget. 
* Paget's disease of the bone, in which bones of the skeleton change, thicken and grow uncontrollably.
* Paget's disease of the breast, a rare form of breast cancer
* Paget-von-Schroetter syndrome,a form of thrombosis
* Extramammary Paget's disease
Norwich (disambiguation)

**Norwich** could mean:
*Norwich, a city in Norfolk, England
**Norwich City F.C., a football club in the city

## Places in the United States 
*Norwich, Connecticut
*Norwich, New York
*Norwich, Vermont
Arrondissements of the Indre-et-Loire department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Indre-et-Loire department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Indre-et-Loire are:

## History
Since its creation, the Indre-et-Loire department has had few changes:
* 1790 : creation of the department with seven districts: Tours, Amboise, Château-Renault, Loches, Chinon, Preuilly and Langeais; the capital was Tours.
* 1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Chinon, Loches and Tours.
* 1926 : the arrondissement of Loches was eliminated.
* 1943 : Loches was made again an arrondissement.

## Related pages
*List of arrondissements of France

## References
1991 Azerbaijani independence referendum

An **independence referendum** was held in **Azerbaijan** on 29 December 1991, three days after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The result was 99.8% in favor, with turnout reported to be 95.3%.

## Results
## References
Arrondissement of Tours

The **arrondissement of Tours** is an arrondissement of France, in the Indre-et-Loire department, Centre-Val de Loire region. Its capital is the city of Tours.

## History
When the Indre-et-Loire department was created on 1800, the *arrondissement* of Tours was part of that original department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Tours is the northern half of the Indre-et-Loire department. It is bordered to the north and east by the Loir-et-Cher department, to the southeast by the Loches *arrondissement*, to the southwest by the Chinon *arrondissement*, to the west by the Maine-et-Loire department and to the northwest by the Sarthe department.

The *arrondissement* of Tours is the largest *arrondissement* of the department in area, , and the one with more people living in it with 466,232 inhabitants.

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

The cantons of the *arrondissement* of Tours are:

# Amboise (3701)
# Ballan-Miré (3702)
# Bléré (3703)
# Château-Renault (3704)
# Joué-lès-Tours (3707)
# Langeais (3708) (partly)
# Montlouis-sur-Loire (3710)
# Monts (3711)
# Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire (3712)
# Saint-Pierre-des-Corps (3714)
# Tours-1 (3715)
# Tours-2 (3716)
# Tours-3 (3717)
# Tours-4 (3718)
# Vouvray (3719)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Tours has 54 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

# Artannes-sur-Indre (37006)
# Azay-le-Rideau (37014)
# Azay-sur-Cher (37015)
# Ballan-Miré (37018)
# Berthenay (37025)
# Bréhémont (37038) 
# Chambray-lès-Tours (37050)
# Chançay (37052)
# Chanceaux-sur-Choisille (37054)
# La Chapelle-aux-Naux (37056)
# Cheillé (37067)
# Druye (37099)
# Esvres (37104)
# Fondettes (37109)
# Joué-lès-Tours (37122)
# Larçay (37124)
# Lignières-de-Touraine (37128)
# Luynes (37139)
# La Membrolle-sur-Choisille (37151)
# Mettray (37152)
# Monnaie (37153)
# Montbazon (37154)
# Montlouis-sur-Loire (37156)
# Monts (37159)
# Notre-Dame-d'Oé (37172)
# Parçay-Meslay (37179)
# Pont-de-Ruan (37186)
# Reugny (37194)
# La Riche (37195)
# Rigny-Ussé (37197)
# Rivarennes (37200)
# Rochecorbon (37203)
# Saché (37205)
# Saint-Avertin (37208)
# Saint-Branchs (37211)
# Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois (37212)
# Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire (37214)
# Saint-Étienne-de-Chigny (37217)
# Saint-Genouph (37219)
# Saint-Pierre-des-Corps (37233)
# Savonnières (37243)
# Sorigny (37250)
# Thilouze (37257)
# Tours (37261)
# Truyes (37263)
# Vallères (37264)
# Veigné (37266)
# Véretz (37267)
# Vernou-sur-Brenne (37270)
# Villaines-les-Rochers (37271)
# Villandry (37272)
# La Ville-aux-Dames (37273)
# Villeperdue (37278)
# Vouvray (37281)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
# Arrondissements of the Indre-et-Loire department
# List of arrondissements of France

## References
West Indian manatee

The **West Indian manatee** (*Trichechus manatus*) or "sea cow"  is a species of manatee. It is the largest living member of the order Sirenia (which also includes dugongs and the extinct Steller's sea cow).

The West Indian manatee is a different species from the Amazonian manatee (*Trichechus* *inunguis*) and the African manatee (*Trichechus senegalensis*). 

The Florida manatee and the Antillean manatee are endangered. Federal, state, private, and nonprofit organizations are working to protect these species from natural and human threats, such as collisions with boat propeller blades.

## Subspecies 
The West Indian manatee has at least two subspecies. One is the **Florida manatee** (*Trichechus manatus latirostris,* abbreviated *T. m. latirostris*). Another is the **Antillean** or **Caribbean manatee** (*Trichechus manatus* *manatus,* abbreviated *T. m. manatus*).

New research shows that there may be three groups:
# Florida and the Greater Antilles
# Mexico, Central America and northern South America
# Northeastern South America.

## References
James Bradley

**James Bradley** FRS (1693 – 13 July 1762) was an English astronomer. He was born in Sherborne, Gloucestershire, England. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1714 and a Master of Arts in 1717. Because of his friendship with Edmond Halley, in 1718 he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society. What he discovered was stellar aberration. In 1748 he published his discovery. That same year he was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society for his discovery.

## References
1962 Stanley Cup Finals

The **1962 Stanley Cup Finals** was played between the defending  Chicago Black Hawks and the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Maple Leafs were also in the Final in 1960. The Maple Leafs would win the best-of-seven series four games to two to win the Stanley Cup. This was their first win since 1951.

## References
Betten

**Betten** is a former municipality in the district of Raron, Canton of Valais in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Betten and Martisberg merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Silesian Wikipedia

**Silesian Wikipedia** is the Silesian language edition of Wikipedia. It was started on 26 May 2008.

In October 2010 the Silesian Wikipedia was mentioned as one of the arguments for Silesian to become one of the regional languages in Poland.

## Other websites
Eshtaol Forest

The **Eshtaol Forest** () is a forest in Israel, located north of Beit Shemesh and near Ta'oz and Neve Shalom. The Forest of the Martyrs lies to the east. The forest is a popular recreation area and is one of the largest forests in Israel. The forest (like most other forests in Israel) was planted in by the Jewish National Fund, which continues to expand it. The forest covers an area of .

## Related pages
*List of forests in Israel 
*Jerusalem Forest
*Yatir Forest
*Jewish National Fund

## Other websites
*Jewish National Fund website
Ganges Delta

The **Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta** is a  river delta in the South Asia region of Bangladesh and in West Bengal, India. It is the world's largest delta. Because it is also one of the most fertile regions in the world, it is called **The Green Delta**.

The Ganges Delta empties into the Bay of Bengal. It is approximately  across at the Bay of Bengal.. The floodplain is from three rivers: Ganges, the Brahmaputra River and the Meghna River.

The delta stretches from the Hooghly River on the west to the Meghna River on the east.  In India Kolkata and Haldia are the main seaports. In Bangladesh the main seaports are the Port of Mongla and Chittagong.

## References
Piedmontese Wikipedia

**Piedmontese Wikipedia** is the Piedmontese language edition of Wikipedia. Piedmontese is a Romance language spoken by over 1 million people in Piedmont, northwest Italy.
Latvian Wikipedia

**Latvian Wikipedia** is the Latvian edition of Wikipedia. It was started on 6 June 2003.

## Milestones 
## Notes
## References
Neapolitan Wikipedia

**Neapolitan Wikipedia** is the Neapolitan language edition of Wikipedia.  Neapolitan is the language of much of southern continental Italy.
Salem district

**Salem district** is a district in Tamil Nadu, South India.  Salem is the district headquarters and other major towns in the district include Mettur, Omalur and Attur. Salem is surrounded by hills and the landscape dotted with hillocks. Ancient Salem Nadu ruled by Mazhavar kings.

## Population
According to 2011 census of India, Salem district had a population of 3,482,056 with a sex-ratio of 954 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 16.67% and 3.43% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 65.64%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.

## Education
Salem district has many educational institutions including government schools, private schools and hundred years traditional institution Government arts college ,Government arts college for women  and the Government College of Engineering and Periyar University.

## Industries
The Salem handloom industry is one of the most ancient cottage industries and producing quality saree, doti etc out of silk yarn and cotton yarn. More than 75,000 handlooms are working and the total value of cloth produced per annum is estimated at Rs.5,000 crores. With more than 125 spinning mills, with modern weaving units and garment units Salem established itself as one of the major textile center in Tamil Nadu .

## Reference
École nationale supérieure d'électrotechnique, d'électronique, d'informatique, d'hydraulique et des télécommunications

'''École nationale supérieure d'électrotechnique, d'électronique, d'informatique, d'hydraulique et des télécommunications** is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Toulouse (Southern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
* **Ingénieur ENSEEIHT** (ENSEEIHT Graduate engineer Masters level program)
* **Master of Science** (in partnership with the French Civil Aviation University)
* **Mastères Spécialisés** (**MS**)
* **Massive Online Open Course'''.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSEEIHT.

Most of the 1500 graduate engineer students at ENSEEIHT live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports.

## Research labs 
Research activities at ENSEEIHT relate to the following topics:
* Fluid mechanics
* Information technology
* Systems engineering
* Energy

## References 
## Further reading 
* Official website
Thiruvarur district

**Thiruvarur district** is one of the districts in Tamil Nadu, South India. Thiruvarur town is the district headquarters of Tamil Nadu. 

Before 1991 Thiruvarur district and Nagapattinam district were part of the Thanjavur district. After that, the present Taluks of Thiruvarur district and Nagapattinam district were separated from the Thanjavur District, and formed the Nagapattinam district. 

The total area of Thiruvarur district is 2161 km². Major towns of the district are Thiruvarur, Thiruthuraipoondi, Nachikulam, Muthupettai and Mannargudi.

## Population
In the 2011 census of India, Thiruvarur district had a population of 1,264,277. There was a sex-ratio of 1,017 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. Scheduled Castes were 34.08% of the population. Scheduled Tribes were .24% of the population. The average literacy of the district was 74.86%, close to the national average. 

## References
Madurai district

**MADURAI district** is one of the 38 districts in Tamil Nadu, South India. Madurai district is the second largest district by population. Madurai is the headquarters of this district. It is an important place for making movies.

## Population
According to 2011 census of India, Madurai district had a population of 3,038,252. The population was 2,578,201 in the 2001 census. This is a growth rate of 17.95%. The district had a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. This is up from 978 in 2001, They are:
# Thiruparankundram
# T.Kallupatti
# Tirumangalam
# Kallikudi
# Sedapatti
# Usilampatti
# Vadipatti
# Melur
# Madurai West
# Madurai East
# Kottampatti
# Alanganallur
# Chellampatti

## Tourist attractions in the district
* Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple
* Thiruvathavur Thirumarainathar Temple
* Alagar Koyil
* Thirupparankundram Murugan Temple
* Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal
* 1000 pillar hall
* Kazimar Big Mosque
* Gandhi Memorial Museum
*Pazhamudhircholai
*Vandiyur Mariamman Temple

## References
2016 Kaikoura earthquake

The **2016 Kaikoura earthquake** was a magnitude 7.8 (Mw) earthquake in the South Island of New Zealand. It happened two minutes after midnight on 14 November 2016 NZDT (11:02 on 13 November UTC). The epicentre where shaking started was about  north-east of Culverden and  south-west of the tourist town of Kaikoura. The epicentre was about 15 kilometres deep (9&nbsp;mi).

The earthquake lasted for more than a minute, and was one of the three largest earthquakes in 2016.

## References
Infobot

**Infobot** is a Perl IRC bot, first written in 1995 by Kevin Lenzo. The bot's main goal was to remember URLs and associate them with a name, so if someone needed a specific web address they could ask the bot. For this reason, the first Infobot, in the #macintosh channel in the EFnet IRC network, had the nickname 'url'.

The main project is now inactive, many forks from the original program were made, some of which are still active. Many of these forks carry extra features.
Parole

**Parole** is the  of a prisoner before the end of his or her original sentence. This is based on the prisoner accepting certain s. Usually these include remaining on good . They also agree to be monitored for a period of time by a public official called a parole officer. 

## Related pages 
* Medical parole
* Probation

## References
Coverture

**Coverture** is a long-standing legal practice in the United States that comes from the English common law. Coverture holds that a man and a woman are a single legal entity—that of the husband. When she married that coverage transferred to her husband. Various laws began to be weakened and eventually done away with. But parts of coverture laws, mainly having to do with the husband being responsible for his wife's debts, lasted into the 1960s in some parts of the U.S.

## References