Global 200

The **Global 200** is the list of ecoregions identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) as priorities for conservation. According to the WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions (Dinerstein et al. 1995, TNC 1997)."

The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: **critical or endangered**; **vulnerable**; and **relatively stable or intact**. Over half of the ecoregions in the Global 200 are rated endangered.

## Global 200: Terrestrial
### Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
#### Afrotropic
* Guinean moist forests
* Congolian coastal forests
* Cameroon Highlands forests
* Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
* Central Congolian lowland forests
* Western Congolian moist forests
* Albertine Rift montane forests
* East African Coastal Forests
* Eastern African montane forests
* Madagascar lowlands and subhumid forests
* Seychelles and Mascarene Islands moist forests
#### Australasia
* Sulawesi moist forests
* Moluccas moist forests
* Southern New Guinea lowland forests
* New Guinea montane forests
* Solomons-Vanuatu-Bismarck moist forests
* Queensland tropical rain forests
* New Caledonia moist forests
* Lord Howe-Norfolk Islands forests
#### Indomalaya
* South Western Ghats montane rain forests and moist deciduous forests
* Sri Lanka moist forests
* Northern Indochina Subtropical moist forests
* Southeast China-Hainan moist forests
* Taiwan montane forests
* Annamite Range moist forests
* Sumatran Islands lowland and montane forests
* Philippines moist forests
* Palawan moist forests
* Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim moist forests
* Peninsular Malaysian lowland and montane forests
* Borneo lowland and montane forests
* Nansei Shoto Archipelago forests
* Eastern Deccan Plateau moist forests
* Naga-Manipuri-Chin hills moist forests
* Cardamom Mountains moist forests
* Western Java montane forests

#### Neotropic
* Greater Antillean moist forests
* Talamancan-Isthmian Pacific forests
* Choco-Darien moist forests
* Northern Andean montane forests
* Coastal Venezuela montane forests
* Guianan moist forests
* Napo moist forests
* Rio Negro-Jurua moist forests
* Guayana Highlands moist forests
* Central Andean yungas
* Southwestern Amazonian moist forests
* Atlantic forests
#### Oceania
* South Pacific Islands forests
* Hawaii moist forests

### Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
#### Afrotropic
* Madagascar dry deciduous forests
#### Australasia
* Nusa Tenggara dry forests
* New Caledonia dry forests
#### Indomalaya
* Indochina dry forests
* Chhota-Nagpur dry forests
#### Neotropic
* Mexican dry forests
* Tumbesian-Andean valleys dry forests
* Chiquitano dry forests
* Atlantic dry forests
#### Oceania
* Hawaii dry forests

### Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests
#### Nearctic
* Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental pine-oak forests
#### Neotropic
* Greater Antillean pine forests
* Mesoamerican pine-oak forests
### Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
#### Australasia
* Eastern Australia temperate forests
* Tasmanian temperate rain forests
* New Zealand temperate forests
#### Indomalaya
* Eastern Himalayan broadleaf and conifer forests
* Western Himalayan temperate forests
#### Nearctic
* Appalachian and mixed mesophytic forests
#### Palearctic
* Southwest China temperate forests
* Russian Far East temperate forests

### Temperate coniferous forests
#### Nearctic
* Pacific temperate rain forests
* Klamath-Siskiyou forests
* Sierra Nevada forests
* Southeastern coniferous and broadleaf forests
#### Neotropic
* Valdivian temperate rain forests-Juan Fernandez Islands
#### Palearctic
* European-Mediterranean montane mixed forests
* Caucasus-Anatolian-Hycanian temperate forests
* Altai-Sayan montane forests
* Hengduan Shan coniferous forests

### Boreal forests/taiga
#### Nearctic
* Muskwa-Slave Lake boreal forests
* Canadian taiga
#### Palearctic
* Ural Mountains taiga
* East Siberian taiga;
* Kamchatka taiga and grasslands

### Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
#### Afrotropic
* Horn of Africa acacia savannas
* East African acacia savannas
* Central and Eastern miombo woodlands
* Sudanian savannas
#### Australasia
* Northern Australia and Trans-Fly savannas
#### Indomalaya
* Terai-Duar savannas and grasslands
#### Neotropic
* Llanos savannas
* Cerrado woodlands and savannas

### Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
#### Nearctic
* Northern prairie
#### Neotropic
* Patagonian steppe
#### Palearctic
* Daurian steppe

### Flooded grasslands and savannas
#### Afrotropic
* Sudd-Sahelian flooded grasslands and savannas
* Zambezian flooded savannas
#### Indomalaya
* Rann of Kutch flooded grasslands
#### Neotropic
* Everglades flooded grasslands
* Pantanal flooded savannas

### Montane grasslands and shrublands
#### Afrotropic
* Ethiopian Highlands
* Southern Rift montane woodlands
* East African moorlands
* Drakenberg montane shrublands and woodlands
#### Australasia
* Central Range subalpine grasslands
#### Indomalaya
* Kinabalu montane shrublands
#### Neotropic
* Northern Andean paramo
* Central Andean dry puna
#### Palearctic
* Tibetan Plateau steppe
* Middle Asian montane steppe and woodlands
* Eastern Himalayan alpine meadows

### Tundra
#### Nearctic
* Alaskan North Slope coastal tundra
* Canadian low arctic tundra
#### Palearctic
* Fenno-Scandia alpine tundra and taiga
* Taimyr and Russian coastal tundra
* Chukote coastal tundra

### Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub
#### Afrotropic
* Fynbos
#### Australasia
* Southwestern Australia forests and scrub
* Southern Australia mallee and woodlands
#### Nearctic
* California chaparral and woodlands
#### Neotropic
* Chilean Matorral
#### Palearctic
* Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub

### Deserts and xeric shrublands
#### Afrotropic
* Namib-Karoo-kaokoveld deserts
* Madagascar spiny thicket
* Socotra Island desert
* Arabian Highland woodlands and shrublands
#### Australasia
* Carnavon xeric scrub
* Great Sandy-Tanami deserts
#### Nearctic
* Sonoran-Baja deserts
* Chihuahuan-Tehuacan deserts
#### Neotropic
* Galapagos Islands scrub
* Atacama-Sechura deserts
#### Palearctic
* Central Asian deserts

### Mangroves
#### Afrotropic
* Gulf of Guinea mangroves
* East African mangroves
* Madagascar mangroves
#### Australasia
* New Guinea mangroves
#### Indomalaya
* Sundarbans mangroves
* Greater Sundas mangroves
#### Neotropic
* Guianan-Amazon mangroves
* Panama Bight mangroves

## Global 200: Freshwater ecoregions
### Large rivers
#### Afrotropic
* Congo River and flooded forests (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo)
#### Indomalaya
* Mekong River (Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
#### Nearctic
* Colorado River (Mexico, United States)
* Lower Mississippi River (United States)
#### Neotropic
* Amazon River and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Peru)
* Orinoco River and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
#### Palearctic
* Yangtze River and lakes (China)

### Large river headwaters
#### Afrotropic
* Congo basin piedmont rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Sudan)
#### Nearctic
* Mississippi piedmont rivers and streams (United States)
#### Neotropic
* Upper Amazon rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela)
* Upper Paraná rivers and streams (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
* Brazilian Shield Amazonian rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)

### Large river deltas
#### Afrotropic
* Niger River delta (Nigeria)
#### Indomalaya
* Indus River Delta (India, Pakistan)
#### Palearctic
* Volga River Delta (Kazakhstan, Russia)
* Mesopotamian delta and marshes (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait)
* Danube River delta (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)
* Lena River delta (Russia)

### Small rivers
#### Afrotropic
* Upper Guinea rivers and streams (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone)
* Madagascar freshwater (Madagascar)
* Gulf of Guinea rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Republic of Congo)
* Cape rivers and streams (South Africa)
#### Australasia
* New Guinea rivers and streams (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
* New Caledonia rivers and streams (New Caledonia)
* Kimberley rivers and streams (Australia)
* Southwest Australia rivers and streams (Australia)
* Eastern Australia rivers and streams (Australia)
#### Indomalaya
* Xi Jiang rivers and streams (China, Vietnam)
* Western Ghats Rivers and Streams (India)
* Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams (Sri Lanka)
* Salween River (China, Myanmar, Thailand)
* Sundaland rivers and swamps (Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore)
#### Nearctic
* Southeastern rivers and streams (United States)
* Pacific Northwest coastal rivers and streams (United States)
* Gulf of Alaska coastal rivers and streams (Canada, United States)
#### Neotropic
* Guianan freshwater (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
* Greater Antillean freshwater (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico)
#### Palearctic
* Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)
* Russian Far East rivers and wetlands (China, Mongolia, Russia)

### Large lakes
#### Afrotropic
* Rift Valley lakes (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia)
#### Neotropic
* High Andean lakes (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
#### Palearctic
* Lake Baikal (Russia)
* Lake Biwa (Japan)

### Small lakes
#### Afrotropic
* Cameroon crater lakes (Cameroon)
#### Australasia
* Lakes Kutubu and Sentani (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
* Central Sulawesi lakes (Indonesia)
#### Indomalaya
* Philippines freshwater (Philippines)
* Inle Lake (Myanmar)
* Yunnan lakes and streams (China)
#### Neotropic
* Mexican highland lakes (Mexico)

### Xeric basins
#### Australasia
* Central Australian freshwater (Australia)
#### Nearctic
* Chihuahuan freshwater (Mexico, United States)
#### Palearctic
* Anatolian freshwater (Syria, Turkey)

## Global 200 Marine ecoregions
### Polar
#### Antarctic Ocean
* Antarctic Peninsula & Weddell Sea
#### Arctic Ocean
* Bering Sea (Canada, Russia, United States)
* Barents-Kara Sea (Norway, Russia)

### Temperate shelfs and seas
#### Mediterranean
* Mediterranean Sea (Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Serbia & Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey)
#### North Temperate Atlantic
* Northeast Atlantic Shelf Marine (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom)
* Grand Banks (Canada, St. Pierre and Miquelon (France), United States)
* Chesapeake Bay (United States)
#### North Temperate Indo-Pacific
* Yellow Sea (China, North Korea, South Korea)
* Sea of Okhotsk (Japan, Russia)
#### Southern Ocean
* Patagonian Southwest Atlantic (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay)
* Southern Australian Marine (Australia)
* New Zealand Marine (New Zealand)

### Temperate upwelling
#### North Temperate Indo-Pacific
* California Current (Canada, Mexico, United States)
#### South Temperate Atlantic
* Benguela Current (Namibia, South Africa)
#### South Temperate Indo-Pacific
* Humboldt Current (Chile, Ecuador, Peru)
* Agulhas Current (Mozambique, South Africa)

### Tropical upwelling
#### Central Indo-Pacific
* Western Australian Marine (Australia)
#### Eastern Indo-Pacific
* Panama Bight (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama)
* Gulf of California (Mexico)
* Galápagos Marine (Ecuador)
#### Eastern Tropical Atlantic
* Canary Current (Canary Islands, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal, Western Sahara)

### Tropical coral
#### Central Indo-Pacific
* Nansei Shoto (Japan)
* Sulu-Sulawesi Seas (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines)
* Bismarck-Solomon Seas (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands)
* Banda-Flores Sea (Indonesia)
* New Caledonia Barrier Reef (New Caledonia)
* Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
* Lord Howe-Norfolk Islands Marine (Australia)
* Palau Marine (Palau)
* Andaman Sea (Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand)
#### Eastern Indo-Pacific
* Tahitian Marine (Cook Islands, French Polynesia)
* Hawaiian Marine (Hawaii)
* Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
* Fiji Barrier Reef (Fiji)
#### Western Indo-Pacific
* Maldives, Chagos, and Lakshadweep atolls (Chagos Archipelago (United Kingdom), India, Maldives, Sri Lanka)
* Red Sea (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen)
* Arabian Sea (Djibouti, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen)
* East African Marine (Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania)
* West Madagascar Marine (Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte and Iles Glorieuses (France), Seychelles)
#### Western Tropical Atlantic
* Mesoamerican Reef (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico)
* Greater Antillean Marine (Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States)
* Southern Caribbean Sea (Aruba, Columbia, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela)
* Northeast Brazil Shelf Marine (Brazil)

## Related pages
* Biodiversity

## Other websites 
* Map of the Global 200
* Conservation status map of the global 200
* List of the Global 200