open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Antlia

The constellation **Antlia** is a group of stars in the southern sky. Its name means "pump" and comes from the Ancient Greek word *ἀντλία*. It represents an air or vacuum pump. The stars that make Antlia are not bright or easy to see. The constellation was not created until the 18th century. Beginning at the north, the other constellations near Antlia are Hydra the sea snake, Pyxis the compass, Vela the sails, and Centaurus the centaur.

People who live in the northern parts of the world can see it in latitudes to 66 degrees north and people who live in the southern parts of the world can see it 50 degrees south from January through March.

## References
Ausonius

.]]

**Decimius Magnus Ausonius** (ca. 310–395) was a Latin poet and rhetorician, born at Burdigala (Bordeaux).

## Biography
Ausonius was born in Bordeaux in ca. 310. His father was a noted physician of Greek ancestry.

Ausonius had a strict upbringing by his aunt and grandmother and received an excellent education, especially in grammar and rhetoric, but said his Greek was not good. Having completed his studies, he trained for some time as a lawyer, but he preferred teaching. In 334, he established a school of rhetoric in Bordeaux, which was very popular. His most famous pupil was St. Paulinus of Nola, who later became Bishop of Nola.

After thirty years of this work, he was ordered by Valentinian to the imperial court to teach Gratian, the heir-apparent. The prince greatly respected his tutor, and after his accession bestowed on him the highest titles and honours that any Roman (besides from the royal family) could attain, culminating in the consulate in 379.

After the murder of Gratian in 383, Ausonius retired to his estates near Burdigala (now Bordeaux) in Gaul. These supposedly included the land now owned by Château Ausone, which takes its name from him. He appears to have been a late and perhaps not very enthusiastic convert to Christianity. He died about 395.

## References
*

## Other websites
* Works by Ausonius at the Internet Archive
* Latin text of *Mosella* and the *Septem Sententiae*
* Ausonius' Opera Omnia: IntraText Digital Library
* Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina
* wiki text and translation of Moselle
University of Colorado Boulder

The **University of Colorado Boulder** (abbreviated "CU") is a public university in Boulder, Colorado. The university has about 30,196 students. It was founded in 1876.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Buffaloes. CU, a member of NCAA Division I, has 16 varsity teams—six for men and nine for women, plus a coeducational skiing team. Of these teams, all but skiing compete in the Big 12 Conference, which CU rejoined in July 2024 after spending 13 years in the Pac-12 Conference. Because neither the Big 12 nor the Pac-12 runs a skiing league, that team is a member of the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association.

## Law school 
The Law School at University of Colorado, Boulder, is ranked #40 by U.S. News & World Report. This is for the 2016 rankings and is out of 196 law schools.

## References 
## Other websites
*The University of Colorado Boulder
*Colorado Buffaloes
One-party state

A **one-party system** is a form of government where the country is ruled by a single political party, meaning only one political party exists and the forming of other political parties is forbidden.

Some countries have many political parties that exist, but only one that can by law be in control. This is called a one-party dominant state. In this case opposition parties against the dominant ruling party are allowed, but have no real chance of gaining power.  For example, in China all power is vested in the Communist Party of China.  Other parties are allowed to exist only if they accept the leading role of the Communist Party (Until Dec. 2024)
*Serbia (Serbian Progressive Party)

## Similar situations 
### *De facto* one-party states 
Countries where other parties are legal, but none exists at present. Also, in some kingdoms a royal family actually rules the country with or without political parties. Kingdoms and Emirates in the Middle East are examples.

### Dominant-party system 
Examples commonly cited include: United Russia (CP) in Russia, the New Azerbaijan Party in Azerbaijan, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Turkey, Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) in Serbia, Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (DPS) in Montenegro, the People's Action Party (PAP) in Singapore, the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa, the Ba'ath Party in the Syrian Arab Republic, Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea in Equatorial Guinea, Awami League in Bangladesh, the Belaya Rus in Belarus, PSUV in Venezuela, MPLA in Angola, the FRELIMO in Mozambique, the Colorado Party in Paraguay, the ZANU-PF in Zimbabwe,

## References
Battenberg cake

**Battenberg cake** is a light sponge cake. It is long, square faced cake, covered in marzipan.  

When cut in open one can see four more squares alternately coloured pink and yellow. These coloured sections are made by dyeing half of the cake mixture pink, and half yellow, then cutting each resultant sponge into two long, uniform cuboids, and joining them together with apricot jam, to form one cake. Established variations are for coconut flavouring to the sponge cake and lemon curd or raspberry jam in place of apricot jam.

The cake was probably named in honour of the marriage, in 1884, of Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine Queen Victoria's granddaughter  to Prince Louis of Battenberg, with the four squares representing the four Battenberg princes: Louis, Alexander, Henry and Francis Joseph.

## References
## Other websites 
*A recipe for Battenberg cake
Hold It Against Me

**"Hold It Against Me"** is a 2011 single by Britney Spears. The song comes from her seventh studio album *Femme Fatale*. The song was released on January 11, 2011 to positive reviews.
Lancia Thesis

The **Lancia Thesis** was a car produced by Lancia from 2002 to 2009. It is a large car with retro styling, similar to the Rover 75.

## Engines 
* *2.0 TB* 136 kW (185 hp)
* *2.4* 125 kW (170 hp)
* *3.0 V6* 158 kW (215 hp)
* *3.2 V6* 169 kW (230 hp)
* *2.4 JTD* 110 kW (150 hp)
* *2.4 Multijet* 125 kW (170 hp) and 136 kW (185 hp)
Manuae (Cook Islands)

**Manuae** is an uninhabited atoll in the southern group of the Cook Islands, 100 kilometres south-east of Aitutaki. It is not administratively part of Aitutaki. It is, however, part of Arutanga-Reureu-Nikaupara Constituency for voting purposes only.

Manuae is a true atoll sitting on the peak of a submerged volcano which descends 4000 meters to the ocean bed. It is made of two horseshoe-shaped islets, *Manuae* to the west and *Te Au O Tu* to the east, with a total area of 6.17 km²on either side of a lagoon about 7 km x 4 km. Manuae has an area of 2.1 km², and Te Au O TU of 3.9 km². The lagoon is 13 km² in size, shallow and subject to large shifting sand banks. A coral reef surrounds the atoll and there is no passage through the reef.

The island is a marine park and is an important breeding ground for seabirds and marine turtles in the Central Pacific. The offshore waters of Manuae are good fishing grounds. 

The island once supported a small copra industry with a settlement established next to the small reef passage less than one kilometer northeast of Turakino, the westernmost point of the atoll.  The passage, at the sea entrance, is less than 4 metres wide and in a swell is exceedingly dangerous without local knowledge.

The island has an airfield that has been out of use for several years. Fishermen from Aitutaki occasionally organise trips to Manuae. Some fishery regulations applicable to Aitutaki, apply to Manuae as well.

## History
Captain James Cook sighted Manuae on September 23 1773. It was the first of the Cook Islands he voyaged to. Initially he named it **Sandwich Island** but changed it to **Hervey Island** in honor of Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol, then a Lord of the Admiralty when he decided instead give the name of "Sandwich Islands" to the Hawaiian Islands. This name was later corrupted to '''Hervey's Island**, or **Hervey's Isle**, and later applied to the entire southern group, as the **Hervey Islands**.  This name remained popular until 1824 when the islands were renamed the **Cook Islands'* by the Russian cartographer von Krusenstern, in honor of Capt. Cook who had died in 1779. 

In April/May 1965 the population briefly increased to 120 when the island was visited by six expeditions (from Australia, New Zealand,  Japan, U.K., U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.) to observe the total solar eclipse of 1965 May 30.

### Population before the 1980s
The population peaked with 32 at the 1956 census, but twenty years later the island was abandoned:

*1956: 32
*1961: 18
*1966: 16
*1971: 2
*1976: -

Norwegian author Erlend Loe writes about an expedition to Manuae in his 1999 novel "*L''".

## References
University of Idaho

The **University of Idaho** is a public university in Moscow, Idaho. The university has about 11,957 students. It was founded in 1889. The current president of the university is M. Duane Nellis.

## Sports
The athletic teams of the university are called the Vandals. They have 16 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Big Sky Conference. The only exception is the women's swimming & diving team. Because the Big Sky does not sponsor that sport, that team competes in the Western Athletic Conference.

## Other websites
*University of Idaho's Official website
San José State University

**San José State University** is a public university in San Jose, California. The university, part of the California State University system, has about 31,280 students. It was founded in 1857. The current president of the university is Cynthia Teniente-Matson. The university was originally called the Minns' Evening Normal School before the California legislature voted to change the school's name to San Jose State University in 1974. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Spartans. They have 12 varsity teams and they compete in the Mountain West Conference.

## References
## Other websites
*San José State University's Official website
Boysetsfire

**Boysetsfire** is an American post-hardcore band from Newark, Delaware. Boysetsfire has five members in the band; the current band members are Nat Gray, Chad Istvan, Robert Ehrenbrand, Josh Latshaw and Matt Krupanski.

## Band members
;Current members
* Nat Gray – lead vocals, keyboard 
* Josh Latshaw – guitar, backing vocals
* Chad Istvan – guitar, backing vocals, piano, keyboard 
* Robert Ehrenbrand – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Matt Krupanski - drums 

;Former members
* Rob Avery - bass guitar
* Darrell Hyde - bass guitar

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *The Day the Sun Went Out* (1997)
* *After the Eulogy* (2000)
* *Tomorrow Come Today* (2003)
* *The Misery Index: Notes from the Plague Years* (2006)
* *While a Nation Sleeps...* (2013)
* *Boysetsfire* (2015)

## Other websites
* Official website
White matter

The central nervous system is made of two types of tissue: **white matter** and grey matter. Grey matter contains nerve cell bodies, and white matter is made of the  nerve fibres. 

When a sample is freshly cut, it usually slightly pink in appearance (for both types). When  in formaldehyde, white matter appears to be almost white. White matter consists mostly of myelinated axons:. Myelin is a lipid tissue (a fat) with capillaries. It helps to keep the electrical in the nerve fibre. This is important for fast and accurate sending of signals. In the brain white matter is surrounded by grey matter most of the time. In the spine, white matter is outside, and grey matter inside: the myelin sourrounds the nerve cells, and helps the transmission of nerve signals.

White matter is used to connect different areas of grey matter. If a section of white matter is damaged, the brain may be able to find a different route to replace the lost connection. The brain contains a third kind of tissue, which appears darker. It is called substantia nigra, a part of the brain that is involved in pleasure & , addiction and movement.
Working Girl

***Working Girl*** is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama movie starring Melanie Griffith as a Staten Island-raised secretary working in a New York City bank. Also starring are Harrison Ford, Alec Baldwin, and Sigourney Weaver.

## Other websites 
*
Mason Jewett Field Airport

**Mason Jewett Field**  is a public airport in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is one mile (1.85 km) southeast of Mason, in Ingham County.  In 1949 lights were installed on the runway.  In March 1977, the Capital Region Airport Authority purchased the airport from Arthur Jewett.

## Related pages
* Mason, Michigan
* Capital Region International Airport

## References
;Notes

;Bibliography

*Smith, Bartlett. Mason Jewett Airport , *Experimental Aircraft Association Chapter 55 Wingtips*, eaa55.org, March 2001, *retrieved 2010-Apr-22*

## Other websites
* Mason Jewett Field , official site
Iowa State University

**Iowa State University of Science and Technology** or as it is better known, **Iowa State University** is a public university in Ames, Iowa. The university has about 33,000 students. It was founded in 1858. The president of the university is Wendy Wintersteen. George Washington Carver was a student at Iowa State.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Cyclones. They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.

## Other websites
*Iowa State University's Official website
Maureen O'Hara

'''Maureen O'Hara''' (17 August 1920 &ndash; 24 October 2015) was an Irish-American actress and singer. She was born in Ranelagh, Dublin and was a naturalised American citizen. She starred in many movies. She is noted for usually playing fiercely passionate heroines in her movies.

O'Hara died in her sleep at her home in Boise, Idaho at the age of 95. She was buried next to her husband at Arlington National Cemetery.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Absorbing a blow

in kickboxing.]]

In boxing and other fighting, **absorbing a blow** is when one person is hit without being badly hurt or stopped from continuing the fight. Sometimes a boxer will absorb a blow they could have avoided so that they can counterattack straight afterwards.

Image:bloc_épaule1.jpg|*Absorbing a straight long punch of the rear arm by an inclination of the trunk backwards*
Image:Contre_plongeant_lethwei.jpg|*Absorbing a low kick associated to a counter in plunging straight punch*

## Sources 
* Georges Blanchet, *Boxe et sports de combat en éducation physique*, Ed. Chiron, Paris, 1947
* Alain Delmas, 1. *Lexique de la boxe et des autres boxes* (Document fédéral de formation d’entraîneur), Aix-en-Provence, 1981-2005 - 2. *Lexique de combatique* (Document fédéral de formation d’entraîneur), Toulouse, 1975-1980.
* Jack Dempsey, *Championship fighting*, Ed. Jack Cuddy, 1950
* Gabrielle & Roland Habersetzer, ''Encyclopédie des arts martiaux de l'Extrême-Orient*, Ed. Amphora, Paris, 2000
* Louis Lerda, J.C. Casteyre, *Sachons boxer*, Ed. Vigot, Paris, 1944
* Marcel Petit, *Boxe: technique et entraînement*, Paris, Ed. Amphora, Paris, 1972

## Other websites 
*  Antenna WKA-France - Lexicon of the *boxes pieds-poings'' (Rubric "Formations", onglet "Ceinture noire")
*  Lexicon of Netboxe.com  
*  Practical folios of Netboxe.com  
*  BoxRec Boxing Encyclopaedia
Soul Punk

***Soul Punk*** is the first studio album by American musician *Patrick Stump*. The album was released on October 18, 2011. Stump's solo project was officially revealed in January 2010 and was later titled *Soul Punk*. It is the first major musical project undertaken by Stump since Fall Out Boy's hiatus. The album is scheduled for release on October 18, 2011 through Island, with Stump officially announcing the release on July 25 via Twitter and the internet. The track "Explode" from the album was leaked on May 6, 2011 for promotion purposes.

The album's first single "This City" was released on July 26, 2011. The music video for the single will be released on September 20, 2011. The track features rapper Lupe Fiasco.

## Track listing
Norman Smiley

**Norman Anthony Smiley** (born 28 February 1965 in Northampton, England
***Four Star Championship Wrestling**
**FSCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
***Future of Wrestling**
**FOW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
***Global Wrestling Alliance**
**GWA Global Television Championship (1 time)
***Independent Pro Wrestling Association**
**IPWA Southern Championship (1 time)
**IPWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Joe DeFuria
***Maximum Pro Wrestling**
**MXPW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
****Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
**Ranked No. 107 of the 500 best singles wrestler of the *PWI 500* in 2000
**Ranked No. 375 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003
***World Championship Wrestling**
**WCW Hardcore Championship (2 times)
***Xtreme Wrestling Alliance**
**XWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

## References
Porcelain (song)

"**Porcelain**" is a song by American electronica musician Moby. It is the third track from his album *Play*. It was the sixth single from that album. The song was released on June 12, 2000 in the UK. It reached number 5 in the UK charts. This is Moby's highest chart position there so far. The song was released in the U.S. two months later, on August 22. It was in the 1998 movie *Playing by Heart* before it was released in the U.S.  It was also on the soundtrack to the 2000 movie *The Beach*.

## Chart positions 
**(I)**: In Australia, the song was released as an A-side with "Honey".

## References
Richard Axel

**Richard Axel** (born July 2, 1946 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American neuroscientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004 for working on the olfactory receptors which he shared with Linda B. Buck.

## References
State capitalism

**State capitalism** is an economic system where the state government controls most or all steps of making a product. Capitalism is an economic system calling for the private ownership of factories and everything needed to make a product - called the "means of production". 

In Free-market capitalism, "private ownership" means that one, or a few, private owners who own a business have control over the means of production, even though the workers are the people who *make* the products.
Linda B. Buck

**Linda Diane Brown** (born January 29, 1947) Is an American biologist. She is most well known for the work she has done to research the olfactory system.

## Life 
She changed her name to Linda Brown Buck after getting married to Roger Brent. She studied psychology and microbiology at the University of Washington in Seattle, graduating in 1975. Buck received her Ph.D. in immunology from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas in 1980. She researched more at Columbia after her studies in doctoral research . There, she met Richard Axel. They worked together from 1984 to 1991, when Buck left New York for a teaching job. They researched primarily on the genetic and cellular mechanisms relating to an organism’s sense of smell. When she left New York, Buck worked at Harvard until 2002. She then joined the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. 

## Career 
In 2004, Buck won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for her research on the sense of smell. She shared her Nobel Prize with Richard Axel. The two scientists made many new discoveries about Genetic and cellular Mechanisms responsible of the sense of smell in human beings and other organisms. In a series of experiments Buck (working independently from Axel) discovered how people separate different smells in their nose. She learned that people detect smells from odor in the air. Odors are released through many different substances. These molecules stimulate olfactory response cells in the nose. They send signals to the brain. Buck discovered that there are 350 smell receptors in the nose.

## References
Nathaniel Gorham

**Nathaniel Gorham** (May 27, 1738 – June 11, 1796) was the fourteenth President of the United States in Congress. He was also one of the signers of the United States Constitution. He was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His father was Nathaniel Gorham and his mother was Mary Soley. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 until 1783, and also from 1785 until 1787. Gorham died in Charlestown, Massachusetts in June 11, 1796.

## References
Rafflesiaceae

**Rafflesiaceae** is a family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales order. They are parasitic plants found in east and southeast Asia, including *Rafflesia arnoldii*, the plant with the largest flower of all plants.
David Baltimore

**David Baltimore** (March 7, 1938 &ndash; September 6, 2025) was an American biologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1975 for discovering reverse transcriptase. He shared the prize with Howard Temin and Renato Dulbecco. He was born in New York City.

The discovery of reverse transcriptase was made at the same time as Howard Temin. It overturned the central dogma of molecular biology because it showed that genetic information could traffic both ways between DNA and RNA. They published these findings in back-to-back papers in the journal, *Nature*. 

He was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea in 1999.

Baltimore died on September 6, 2025 from problems caused by metastatic cancer at his home in Woods Hole, Massachusetts at the age of 87.

## References
Hydra

**Hydra** may refer to:
* Hydra (mythology), a monster in Greek mythology
* Hydra (constellation), a group of stars
* Hydra (animal), simple invertebrate animal that lives in the water.
* Hydra (moon), a moon around the planet Pluto
Mandarin Airlines

.]]

**Mandarin Airlines** is an airline from Taiwan. It takes passenger and cargo to over 34 cities world-wide. Its main base is at Taichung International Airport.
China Airlines

**China Airlines** is the largest airline in Taiwan, and is the flag carrier of the Republic of China. It takes passenger and cargo to over 90 cities world-wide. Its main base or hub is at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. Mandarin Airlines, a sister airline and wholly-owned subsidiary of China Airlines, flies places in China and Asia.

## History
China Airlines was started in 1959 as a company fully owned by the Republic of China Government. It had two PBY Amphibians when it just started.

## Fleet
China Airlines flies these aircraft to its destinations for passengers:
*Airbus A321neo
*Airbus A330
*Airbus A350
*Boeing 737
*Boeing 777

## References
Ken Starr

**Kenneth Winston "Ken" Starr** (July 21, 1946 &ndash; September 13, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a federal U.S. Court of Appeals Judge and a Solicitor General. He was Independent Counsel (which was a special office that investigated government officials) while Bill Clinton was the President of the United States for the Whitewater controversy. He was the United States Solicitor General during the George H. W. Bush administration from 1989 to 1993.

Starr filed the Starr Report, which accused President Clinton of lying in court about having an affair with an intern at the White House.

Starr died at a hospital in Houston, Texas on September 13, 2022 from problems caused by surgery, aged 76.

## References
## Other websites
*The Starr Report
Patrick Stump

**Patrick Vaughn Stump** (born **Patrick Martin Stumph** on April 27th, 1984) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer, guitarist and composer of the American rock band Fall Out Boy. With the band he achieved widespread popularity and success. On January 2010 he announced he was working on a solo album after his band took a break in late 2009. He released his first solo song "Spotlight (song)" in two versions, "Spotlight (Oh Nostalgia)" and "Spotlight (New Regrets)" on November 29, 2010. On February 22, 2011, he released his first EP, *Truant Wave*. He released his debut album called *Soul Punk* on October 18, 2011, of which he wrote every song, played every note, self-produced, and funded by himself. 

On May 6, 2011 he leaked a track off his album *Soul Punk* called "Explode", uploading it to his YouTube channel. On July 26, 2011 he released the first single "This City" featuring Lupe Fiasco on iTunes.

## Fall Out Boy
Fall Out Boy formed in 2001. They released their mini-album ''Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend* in 2003 and *Take This to Your Grave* in the same year.
In 2003, Stump and his bandmates went on to sign with Island Records, and released the acoustic-based EP *My Heart Will Always Be the B-Side to My Tongue* CD and DVD in 2004. This was followed with their third studio album, *From Under the Cork Tree*, which went double-platinum in 2005 and reached the top ten of the US chart, going on to sell over three million copies around the world. Their fourth studio album, *Infinity on High'', was released in 2007 to continued commercial success. It started at number one on the US music album chart and in the top five around the world. Fall Out Boy's most recent album, *Folie à Deux*, was released on December 23 and 16, 2008 in the United States/worldwide, respectively.

On February 6, 2010, E! Online reported that bassist Pete Wentz had told them "We're just on a break," and that he is more focused on being a father right now than he is on Fall Out Boy. Pete lastly added, "...I think I'll be OK. It's too soon to say that we'll be back. We just got burned out."

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *Soul Punk* (2011)

### Extended plays
* *Truant Wave* (2011)

### Singles
* "This City" (2011)
Much (TV channel)

**"MuchMusic"** is a Canadian TV channel. MuchMusic is dedicated to music, music-related programs, pop and youth culture. One of its popular program is the *Top 30 Countdown*. It is similar to MTV.
Raymond Dart

, *Australopithecus africanus*]]

**Raymond Arthur Dart** (4 February 1893 – 22 November 1988) was an Australian anatomist and anthropologist, who worked for much of his life in South Africa.

In 1924 he discovered the first fossil of an Australopithecine, at Taung in Northwestern South Africa (now Botswana). It was *Australopithecus africanus*, an extinct hominid closely related to humans. This was a great event in the study of human evolution.

## Early life
Dart was born in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, the son of a farmer and tradesman. He studied at the University of Queensland, the University of Sydney and University College London, before taking a position as head of the newly established department of anatomy at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa in 1922.

## Career
Because he was an Australian, and not a part of the scientific establishment, and because he found the fossil in Africa, and not Europe or Asia, where the establishment looked to for man's origins, his findings were initially dismissed.

Dart's closest ally was Robert Broom whose discoveries of further Australopithecines (and Wilfrid Le Gros Clark's support) eventually vindicated Dart. So much so that in 1947, Sir Arthur Keith said "...Dart was right, and I was wrong."

## References 
## Other websires 
*Brain C.K. Raymond Dart and our African origins, in *A century of *Nature*: twenty-one discoveries that changed science and the world*, Laura Garwin and Tim Lincoln, eds.
Chris Applebaum

**Chris Applebaum** is an American music video director. He has filmed music videos for many famous musicians including Rihanna, Hilary Duff, and Britney Spears.  Twenty-one of his music videos have become #1 on MTV.

## References
## Other websites
* Official page
* IMDB page
Trypanosomiasis

**Trypanosomiasis** is the name for several diseases, caused by parasites of the genus *Tryposoma*:
*African typanosomiasis or Sleeping sickness, caused by '*Trypanosoma brucei* and spread by the Tsetse fly
*American typanosomiasis  or Chagas disease, caused by *Trypanosoma cruzi* and spread by various bloodsucking bugs of the subfamily Triatominae
There are also various diseases that only affect animals, caused by such parasites, amongst others:
*Nagana, or Animal African trypanosomiasis; the animal counterpart of sleeping sickness
*Surra
*Covering sickness or douring (which affects horses)
Taichung International Airport

**Taichung International Airport** is an international airport in Taiwan.

## Related pages
*
* Civil Aeronautics Administration (Taiwan)
* Transportation in Taiwan
* List of airports in Taiwan

## Other websites
*Taichung International Airport Official Website 
*
Libertarian Party

The **Libertarian Party** may refer to:

* Libertarian Party of Canada
* Libertarian Party (Spain)
* Libertarian Party (United States)

## Related pages
* List of libertarian parties
Francisco J. Ayala

**Francisc José Ayala** (March 12, 1934 – March 3, 2023) was a Spanish-American biologist and philosopher at the University of California, Irvine.

He was a Dominican priest, ordained in 1960, but left the priesthood that same year.

After graduating from the university of Salamanca, he moved to the United States in 1961 to study for a PhD at Columbia University. There, he studied for his doctorate under Theodosius Dobzhansky, graduating in 1964. He became a U.S. citizen in 1971.

He was president and chairman of the Board of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

He died from a heart attack on March 3, 2023, a week before his 89th birthday.

## Books 
Ayala has published 950 papers and 30 books. Recently published books include:
* Ayala F.J. 2010. *Am I a monkey? Six big questions about evolution*. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, MD.
* Ayala F.J. and Robert Arp eds. 2009. *Contemporary debates in Philosophy of Biology*. Wiley-Blackwell: London. 
* Avise J.C. and F.J. Ayala eds. 2007. *In the Light of evolution: adaptation and complex design*. National Academy Press: Washington DC. 
* Cela Conde C.J. and F.J. Ayala. 2007. *Human evolution: trails from the past*. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
* Ayala F.J. 2007. *Darwin’s gift to science and religion*. Joseph Henry Press: Washington, DC.
* Ayala F.J. 2006. *Darwin and intelligent design*. Fortress Press: Minneapolis, MN.
* Hey J; W.M. Fitch and F.J. Ayala eds. 2005. *Systematics and the origin of species. On Ernst Mayr’s 100th Anniversary*. National Academies Press: Washington DC. 
* Wuketits F.M. and F.J. Ayala eds. 2005. *Handbook of evolution: the evolution of living systems (including Hominids), Volume 2*. Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany. 292 pp.&nbsp;2005. 
* Ayala F.J. 2004. *Human evolution: biology, culture, ethics*. Pearson Education: Upper Saddle River.

## References
Chagas disease

**Chagas disease** is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite *Trypanosoma cruzi*. The disease is also known as **American trypanosomiasis**.  It is common in Central and South America. 

Carlos Chagas first described it in 1909. Humans are usually infected because they are bitten by a blood-sucking bug of the subfamily Triatominae. The disease can also be spread by blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or by eating food contaminated with the parasite. Pregnant women may spread it to the fetus. 

The disease has four stages. It can be cured by anti-parasitic drugs. Between eight and eleven million people may suffer from the disease, but many do not know they are infected. Strategies of controlling the disease are mostly focused on eliminating the insect vector, and on preventing contamination from other sources. 

## Footnotes
The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010 movie)

'''''The Sorcerer's Apprentice'''* is a 2010 American fantasy adventure movie starring Nicolas Cage and Alfred Molina. The movie is named after *The Sorcerer's Apprentice'' part in Disney's *Fantasia*

## Plot
Balthazar Blake (Nicolas Cage) is a master sorcerer in modern-day Manhattan trying to defend the city from his worst enemy, Maxim Horvath (Alfred Molina). Balthazar can not do it alone, so he recruits Dave Stutler (Jay Baruchel), a seemingly average guy who demonstrates hidden potential, as his protégé. Balthazar teaches him the art and science of magic, and together, they work to stop Horvath from freeing Morgan le Fay. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Lithuanian Wikipedia

The **Lithuanian Wikipedia** is the Lithuanian language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in 2003.

As of January, 2024, it is the 52nd largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.

It currently has over 214,850 articles.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Lietuviškoji_Vikipedija
Chris Campoli

**Christopher Campoli** (born July 9, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Ottawa Senators, New York Islanders, and Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Campoli was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks, along with Conditional 7th-Round Draft Pick for Conditional 2nd-Round Draft Pick in 2011 and Ryan Potulny on February 28, 2011. He was signed as a free agent by the Montreal Canadiens to a one-year, $1,750,000 deal.

## References
## Other websites
*
Al Waleed bin Talal Al Saud

**Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud** (; born 30 July 1954) is a member of the Saudi Royal Family. He is the nephew of the Saudi Arabian King Abdullah. An entrepreneur and international investor but without real political power within the House of Saud or in Saudi Arabia, he has amassed a fortune through investments in real estate and the stock market.As of March 2010, his net worth is estimated at US$19.4 billion, up from $13.3 billion, according to Forbes, making him the 19th richest person in the world on their list published in March 2010.  He has been nicknamed by *Time* magazine as the *Arabian Warren Buffett*.

Talal bought the super yacht Kingdom5KR. It had been owned by Donald Trump and called the "Trump Princess".

On 4 November 2017, he was arrested in Saudi Arabia, in an anti-corruption raid,  together with, among others, Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim and Saleh Abdullah Kamel.
Al-Waleed was released from detention on 27 January 2018, following a financial settlement of some kind, after nearly three months in detention. In March 2018 he was dropped from the World's Billionaires list due to lack of current information.

## Early life and education
Al-Waleed was born in Jeddah on 30 July 1954 to Prince Talal bin Abdul-Aziz, long-time-known as *The Red Prince*, and Mona Al Solh, daughter of Riad Al Solh (Lebanon's first prime minister).

## Honours 
### Saudi Arabian national honours 
### Foreign honors
## Personal life
 and John F. Kennedy]]

Al-Waleed has been married four times.

## References
## Further reading
* John Rossant, *The Prince: A Biography of Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal* (HarperCollins, 2001) 
* Riz Khan, *Alwaleed: Businessman, Billionaire, Prince* (HarperCollins, 2005)
Kevin Dineen

**Kevin William Dineen** (born October 28, 1963 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He lived in Cape Elizabeth, Maine and moved Florida in 2010. He played a career total of played 21 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Hartford Whalers, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes, Ottawa Senators, and Columbus Blue Jackets. He is currently the assistant coach of the Chicago Blackhawks. He was the head coach of the Florida Panthers from 2011–2013.

Dineen also scored the last goal ever for the Hartford Whalers in a 2–1 win against the Tampa Bay Lightning.

On January 6, 2006, he had his playing number 11 retired by the American Hockey League's Hartford Wolf Pack.

## Career statistics
## References
## Other websites
*
*
Cradle 2 the Grave

***Cradle 2 the Grave*** is a 2003 action crime movie that was produced by Joel Silver and directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak. The movie was released on February 28, 2003 in the United States and on March 20, 2004 in Hong Kong.

## Cast 
*Jet Li as Su
*DMX as Anthony Fait
*Gabrielle Union as Daria
*Mark Dacascos as Yao Ling
*Kelly Hu as Sona
*Drag-on as Miles
*Anthony Anderson as Tommy
*Tom Arnold as Archie
*Paige Hurd as Vanessa Fait
*Paolo Seganti as Christophe
*Michael Jace as Odion
*Chi McBride as Jump Chambers
*Lester Speight as Chamber's Club Doorman
*Randy Couture as Fight Club Fighter #8 and Fighter 1
*Martin Klebba as Fight Club Announcer
*Johnny Nguyen as Ling's Henchman
*Tito Ortiz as Cage Fighter
*Hector Echavarria as Cage Fighter
*Natasha Yi as Club Girl (uncredited)
*Chuck Liddell as Cage Fighter (uncredited)

## Websites 
*
Rosemary Clooney

**Rosemary Clooney** (May 23, 1928 – June 29, 2002) was an American singer and actress. She was born in Maysville, Kentucky. 

She became known with her song "Come On-a My House".

Her brother is a television  Nick Clooney (born 1934). 

Her nephew was actor George Clooney, and she was the mother of actor Miguel Ferrer.

## Death 
She was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and died of lung cancer in Beverly Hills, California.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Jiří Tlustý

**Jiří Tlustý** (born March 16, 1988) is a Czech former professional ice hockey left winger. He played 9 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Carolina Hurricanes, Winnipeg Jets, and New Jersey Devils.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Tlustý played 1 season with HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga and 1 season with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted by the Toronto Maple Leafs with the 13th overall pick in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. He played 3 seasons with the Maple Leafs.

The Maple Leafs traded Tlustý to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for Philippe Paradis.

During his time with the Hurricanes, Tlustý would set a career high in both goals and points.

On 25 February 2015,he would be traded to the Winnipeg Jets in exchange for a conditional sixth round pick in the 2015 draft and a third round pick in the 2016 draft. He would play 24 games with the Jets.

On 16 September 2015, he would sign a one-year, $800,000 contract with the New Jersey Devils.

On 31 October 2016, Tlustý would sign with Oulun Kärpät of Liiga. He would play 14 games with them before being released.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
### International
## References
## Other websites
*
Honda Today

The **Honda Today** was a line of kei cars that were built by the Honda company. The Today was made from 1985 to 1998. The Honda Today was replaced by the Honda Life.
Chevrolet Avalanche

The **Chevrolet Avalanche** was a four-door sport utility truck. It was sold by General Motors' Chevrolet brand in the United States. The Avalanche was first made in 2002 in Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico and the second generation was first shown at the Chicago Auto Show in February 2006. It was named after the sudden collapse of mountain snowpacks that are known as Avalanches. There have been two generations of the Chevrolet Avalanche with the second one being made in 2007, until it was discontinued in 2013

.

## Other websites
*Chevrolet Avalanche at chevrolet.com
Norma

**Norma** is a popular girl's name. Norma may also several other things: 
In **science** and **technology**:
* Norma (constellation), a group of stars in the southern sky
* Cygnus Arm, also known as the Norma Arm, a spiral arm in the Milky Way galaxy
* 555 Norma, a minor planet

**Places**:
* Norma (LT), a city in the province of Latina, Italy
* Norma, Tibet
* *Normafa* (lit. "Norma tree"), a popular tourist destination in Budapest, Hungary

In **entertainment**:
* *Norma*, an opera by Vincenzo Bellini
* *Norma*, a play by Henrik Ibsen
* *Norma*, a novel by Vladimir Sorokin

**Tropical systems**:
* Tropical Storm Norma (1970)
* Hurricane Norma (1974)
* Hurricane Norma (1981)
* Hurricane Norma (1987)
* Tropical Storm Norma (1993)
* Tropical Storm Norma (2005)

**Other uses**:
* Norma (company), a Swedish ammunition manufacturer
* Norma (supermarket), a food discount store chain found in Europe
Honda Civic

The **Honda Civic** is a subcompact and compact car that is built by the Honda company. The Civic has had 11 generations. The Honda Civic has been built and sold since 1972. The Chevrolet Vega and Ford Pinto were rolling sacrifices amid an international fuel crisis, but the small and efficient Civic felt like perfect timing. Honda offered the first-gen Civic as both a three-door hatchback and sedan. The sedan version essentially was exactly like the hatchback, except that the conventional trunk lid and fixed rear seat of the sedan were replaced by an upward-hinged rear window and a fold-down seat in the hatchback. Wheels were 12 inches in diameter, and radial tires, A/C, a two-speed automatic transmission, and a rear hatch wiper were the only options. The 8th and later generation Civics have a digital speedometer. The Civic DX, LX, LX-S / Sport, and EX are available with an automatic or manual transmission. The highest trim levels are the Civic Si and Type R, which are only available with a manual transmission and come with a more powerful engine. The Acura CSX, sold only in Canada, is nearly identical to the eighth generation (2006-2011) Civic.

## References 
## Other websites
*Honda Civic coupe at honda.ca
*Honda Civic sedan at honda.ca
Robert Broom

Professor **Robert Broom** (Paisley, 30 November 1866 – 6 April 1951) was a Scottish, and later South African, doctor and palaeontologist.

He qualified as a medical practitioner in 1895 and received his DSc in 1905 from the University of Glasgow. In 1893 he married Mary Baird Baillie.

From 1903 to 1910 he was Professor of Zoology and Geology at Victoria College, Stellenbosch, South Africa, and subsequently he became keeper of vertebrate palaeontology at the South African Museum, Cape Town.

## Contributions 
Broom was first known for his study of mammal-like reptiles. After Raymond Dart's discovery of the Taung Child, an infant australopithecine, Broom's interest in palaeoanthropology was heightened. Broom's career seemed over and he was sinking into poverty, when Dart wrote to Jan Smuts about the situation. Smuts put pressure on the South African government, and managed to get a position for Broom. In 1934 he joined the staff of the Transvaal Museum in Pretoria as Assistant in Palaeontology.

In the following years, he and John T. Robinson made a series of spectacular finds, including fragments from six hominids in Sterkfontein, which they named *Plesianthropus transvaalensis*, but which was later classified as an adult *Australopithecus africanus*, as well as more discoveries at sites in Kromdraai and Swartkrans.

In 1937, Broom made his most famous discovery of *Paranthropus robustus*. These discoveries helped support Dart's claims for the Taung species.

The remainder of Broom's career was devoted to the exploration of these sites and the interpretation of the many early hominid remains discovered there. For his volume, *The South Africa fossil ape-men, the Australopithecinae*, in which he proposed the Australopithecinae subfamily, Broom was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1946. He continued to write to the very last. Shortly before his death he finished a monograph on the Australopithecines and remarked to his nephew:
:"Now that's finished ... and so am I".

## Assessment of his work 
"More than any scientist before or since, Broom's work on *Australopithecus* fundamentally revised the study of fossil man... The significant point is that Broom assigned all except one of these to a single zoological subfamily  the australopithecines, and made it quite clear that [they] were good candidates for the ancestry of mankind".

## Books 
*Broom R. 1930. *The origin of the human skeleton: an introduction to human osteology*. Witherby, London.
*Broom R. 1932. *The mammal-like reptiles of South Africa, and the origin of mammals*. Witherby, London.
*Broom R. 1946. *The South Africa fossil ape-men, the Australopithecinae*.
*Broom, R. 1950. *Finding the missing link*. Watts, London.

## References
Lethbridge

**Lethbridge** is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta.

The mayor of Lethbridge is Blaine Hyggen.

The population is 101482 from the 2021 municipal census.

Lethbridge is also home to a Western Hockey League team called the Lethbridge Hurricanes.

## References
## Other websites
*Official city website
Andy Panda

**Andrew "Andy" Panda** is a fictional panda. He was created by Walter Lantz for Universal Studios in the 1930s - 1940s from 1939 to 1949.
His girlfriend was Miranda Panda. He introduced Woody Woodpecker in 1940's Knock Knock. He was one of Walter Lantz's staples (the others being Woody Woodpecker, Oswald Rabbit, Chilly Willy). His last appearance was in 1949's "Scrappy Birthday". In comics he was often paired with Charlie Chicken.

## Voice Over Timeline
* Sara Berner (1939–1941, 1947)
* Margaret Hill-Talbot (1942)
* Dick Nelson (1943)
* Harry E. Lang (1944, 1948; whistling)
* Walter Tetley (1944–1949)
* Dick Beals (1952)
* Mel Blanc (1957)
* Daws Butler (1964)
* Scott Weil (2018)
* Clare Grant (2025; *Robot Chicken*)

## Other Media 
Andy Panda appeared in The Robot Chicken Episode  Voice by Clare Grant. In the Sketch Woody Woodpecker sings about  after that, Winnie throws an egg at him, phone rings then he awnsers *Handy Manny* about his broken home. Meanwhile he entered Kelly's repair store talking about armed robbery. then woody shoots at Kelly then leaves the place, then teams with Andy panda. Andy is Holding manny's tools the Kicks Mr. Lopart in the booty, then woody kills Manny with a gun, they go to the funeral where Buzz Buzzard is saying sad goodbyes with his grandfather. Woody shoots a buzz, then throws a bottle of liquid at the screen.

## Related pages
*Woody Woodpecker
*Winnie Woodpecker
*Chilly Willy
*Miranda Panda
*Knothead and Splinter
Kesarakoni

** Kesarakoni ** is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India.

## Related pages
* Bellary
* Districts of Karnataka

## References
## Other websites
* http://Bellary.nic.in/
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins

The **Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins** are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1999 they currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the NHL. They play their home games in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania at the Mohegan Sun Arena at Casey Plaza. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Wheeling Nailers.

## Other websites
*
Bridgeport Islanders

The **Bridgeport Islanders** are an American professional ice hockey team. They began playing in 2001. The team plays in the American Hockey League (AHL). They play their home games in Bridgeport, Connecticut at the Total Mortgage Arena. They are the AHL affiliate for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). Their ECHL affiliates are the Worcester Railers.

The team originally played as the **Bridgeport Sound Tigers** from 2001 until 2021. The team's name was a reference to the Long Island Sound. During their first season, the Sound Tigers were able to win the Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy as the regular season champions. They would make it to the Calder Cup finals but would be defeated by the Chicago Wolves four games to one.

On May 10, 2021, the team announced that they were going to rebrand themselves and change their name to the **Bridgeport Islanders**.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hartford Wolf Pack

The **Hartford Wolf Pack** are an American professional ice hockey team. It originally began playing in the Canadian-American Hockey League in 1926 as the Providence Reds. 

They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the New York Rangers of the NHL. They play their home games in Hartford, Connecticut at the XL Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Greenville Road Warriors. They were also known as the **Hartford Wolf Pack** from 1997 to 2010. The changed their name to the **Connecticut Whale** in October 2010 to honor of the former Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League. They changed their name back to the Hartford Wolf Pack after the 2012–13 AHL season.

## References
## Other websites
*
Manchester Monarchs

The **Manchester Monarchs** were an American professional ice hockey team that played between 2001 and 2015. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL. They play their home games in Manchester, New Hampshire at the Verizon Wireless Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Ontario Reign. They have won two regular season titles.

## Other websites
*Manchester Monarchs' Official Site