open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tim Hutchinson

**Tim Hutchinson** (born August 11, 1949) is a Republican former United States Senator from the state of Arkansas. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 1997. He was one of six children born to John Malcolm Hutchinson Sr. and Coral Hutchinson.

Hutchinson studied at studied at Bob Jones University and at University of Arkansas. In 1970 he married Donna Jean King. Together they had three children. Hutchinson was divorced from his wife after rumors he had an . In 2000, he secondly married a member of his staff, Randi Fredholm. Hutchinson is an  minister in the Baptist church.

## References
## Other websites
* Senator Tim Hutchinson — Dickstein Shapiro LLP
Shanghai Tower

**Shanghai Tower** () is a , 128-story megatall skyscraper in Shanghai. As of 2015, it is the world's tallest building, by height to highest usable floor (Level 121: 561.25m). 

## Records
It also has the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure (Level 121, 561.25 m), and the world's fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 m/s (74 km/h). 

It is the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top (behind Dubai's Burj Khalifa, 830 m)

## Background
Designed by international design firm Gensler and owned by the Shanghai city government,

Construction work on the tower began in November 2008

## References
## Other websites
*
Implicit memory

**Implicit memory** is a part of memory where previous experiences of how to do a task helps with doing the task again. Implicit memory is unconscious memory: the person or animal performing the task is not aware of the presence of implicit memory. 

Evidence for implicit memory occurs in priming, a process where subjects are measured by how they have improved their performance on tasks for which they have been subconsciously prepared. Implicit memory also leads to the illusion-of-truth effect. Subjects are more likely to say statements that they have already heard are true, regardless of their actual truth. In daily life, people rely on implicit memory every day in the form of procedural memory. This is the kind of memory which allows people to remember how to tie their shoes or ride a bicycle without consciously thinking about these activities. Research into implicit memory indicates that it operates through a different mental process than explicit memory.

## References
Scott Brown

**Scott Brown** (born September 12, 1959) is an American attorney and politician. He was the United States Ambassador to New Zealand from June 8, 2017 until December 20, 2020. He was a United States Senator from the state of Massachusetts from 2010 to 2013. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party.

## Early life
Brown was born on September 12, 1959 in Kittery, Maine. He studied at Tufts University and at Boston College.

## Ambassadorship
On February 17, 2017, news media outlets reported that Brown was under consideration by President Donald Trump to be the U.S. ambassador to New Zealand. On April 20, 2017, it was reported that he was chosen to be the next Ambassador to New Zealand.

On June 8, 2017, the United States Senate confirmed his nomination to a 94-4 vote. He resigned on December 20, 2020.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 2010 Campaign Website, archived October 16, 2014
Cory Gardner

**Cory Gardner** (born August 22, 1974) was the United States Senator from Colorado from 2015 to 2021. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. Gardner has been in Senate since January 3, 2015. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015.

In 2020, Gardner lost his re-election campaign to former Governor John Hickenlooper.

Gardner was born on August 22, 1974 in Yuma, Colorado. He studied at Colorado State University. He graduated from the University of Colorado Law School in 2001. He is married to Jaime Gardner. They have three children.

## References
## Other websites
* Cory Gardner, U.S. Senator for Colorado, Home Page
Priming (psychology)

**Priming** is an implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus. Experiments in the early 1970s showed that people were faster recognising a word, when the word followed a related word. For example, NURSE is recognized more quickly following DOCTOR than following BREAD. Activation spreading among related ideas was the best explanation for this effect. In experiments the same target stimuli can be presented with different primes. This allows the priming effect to be measured.

Priming can occur following  , semantic, or  stimulus repetition. For example, if a person reads a list of words including the word *table*, and is later asked to complete a word starting with *tab*, the probability that he or she will answer *table* is greater than if they are not primed. Another example is if people see an incomplete sketch they are unable to identify and they are shown more of the sketch until they recognize the picture, later they will identify the sketch at an earlier stage than was possible for them the first time.

Priming effects are independent of simple recognition memory. Unconscious priming effects can affect word choice on a word-stem completion test long after the words have been consciously forgotten. or between semantically related words such as "doctor" and "nurse".

## Related pages 
*Adaptive unconscious

## References
Barriers to entry

In economics, **barriers to entry** (also known as **barrier to entry**) refers to the things that makes it difficult for a  or a person to enter a market. These are called  and makes it harder for a firm or a person to enter a market. Examples of barriers to entry include government regulation for firms and the need for a certain level of education for a person.

Barriers to entry helps to protect existing firms in the market from new firms entering a market and thus reduces competition in the market, which causes prices to be higher than what is accepted by society. Monopolies and market power is thus formed due to the existence of barriers to entry.

## Definition 
While the general definition of barriers to entry refers to the obstacles that makes it difficult for a firm or a person to enter a market, there are certain differences in the definitions given by economists as given below.
* George Stigler defined barriers to entry as "A cost of producing which must be borne by a firm which seeks to enter an industry but is not borne by firms already in the industry."
* Franklin M. Fisher defined it as "anything that prevents entry when entry is socially beneficial."
* Joe S. Bain defined its as anything that allows incumbent firms to earn supernormal profits without threat of entry.

## References
Volodymyr Ivasyuk

**Volodymyr Mykhailovych Ivasyuk** (March 4, 1949 – May 18, 1979) - was an iconic Ukrainian songwriter, composer and poet. He is the author and composer of the widely popular song "Chervona Ruta" popularized by Sofia Rotaru in 1971, and later covered by other singers.

Ivasyuk was born in the city of Kitsman, Chernivtsi Oblast, on March 4, 1949. His father Mykhaylo Ivasyuk was a well-known writer from Bukovyna.

## Other websites 
* Songs of Volodymyr Ivasyuk
Archer (TV series)

***Archer*** is an American adult animated black comedy, action adventure television series. It is about a secret agent whose boss is his mother. 

The series airs on FX. A preview for the series aired on September 17, 2009. The first season started on January 14, 2010. Aisha Tyler plays Lana. Jessica Walter plays Malory Archer.

This television series has a rating of TV-MA, usually for foul language and violence. Sometimes there is also nudity.

## References
Jeff Flake

**Jeffry Lane Flake** (born December 31, 1962) is an American politician. Flake was the United States Ambassador to Turkey from 2022 to 2024. He was the United States Senator from Arizona. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the Senate from January 3, 2013 to January 3, 2019. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013.

Flake was born on December 31, 1962 in Snowflake, Arizona. He graduated from the Brigham Young University. He is married to Cheryl. They have five children.

After criticizing President Donald Trump and with low approval ratings, Flake announced on October 24, 2017, that he would retire at the end of his current term instead of seeking reelection in 2018.

In July 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Flake to serve as the United States Ambassador to Turkey. Flake was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote on October 26, 2021. He resigned in September 2024.

In September 2024, Flake announced that he would be endorsing to Vice President Kamala Harris for president in 2024.

## References
## Other websites
CONCACAF Gold Cup

The **CONCACAF Gold Cup** (Spanish: **Copa de Oro de la CONCACAF**) is an association football tournament held every two years between national teams that are members of CONCACAF.  

The first tournament was held in 1991. Before 1991, the CONCACAF Championship was the first organized tournament for national teams in the region. The CONCACAF Championship was abolished in 1989. 

The CONCACAF Gold Cup features teams from Central America, North America and the Caribbean. The Mexico national football team has been the most successful team in the tournament. They have won 8 times.

## Results 
* *a.e.t.*: after extra time
* *a.s.d.e.t.*: after sudden death extra time
* *pen*: after penalty shoot-out

## Performance by nation 
* The teams in *italics* were invited to the tournament, and they are not a member of CONCACAF.

## Other websites 
*CONCACAF Gold Cup official website
Matt Blunt

**Matt Blunt** (born November 20, 1970) is an American politician. He was the Governor of Missouri from 2005 to 2009. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party.

Blunt was born on November 20, 1970 in Greene County, Missouri. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy. He is married to Melanie Blunt. They have two children.

## Other websites
Jim Talent

**Jim Talent** (born October 18, 1956) is a former United States Senator from the state of Missouri. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2001.

Talent was born on October 18, 1956 in Des Peres, Missouri. He studied at Washington University in St. Louis and at University of Chicago Law School. He is married to Brenda Lee Lyons Talent. They have three children.

## References
## Other websites
David Vitter

**David Vitter** (born May 3, 1961) is an American politician, lawyer and lobbyist. He was the United States Senator from Louisiana from 2005 to 2017. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 2005. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005.

Vitter was born on November 17, 1961 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He studied at Harvard University, at Magdalen College, Oxford, and at Tulane University. He is married to Wendy Baldwin. They have four children.

## References
## Other websites
Roy Blunt

**Roy Dean Blunt** (born January 10, 1950) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Missouri from 2011 to 2023. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2011.

Blunt was born on January 10, 1950 in Niangua, Missouri. He studied at Southwest Baptist University and at Missouri State University, Springfield. He is married to Abigail Perlman.

On March 8, 2021, Blunt announced that he will not be run to be senator again in the next 2022 United States Senate elections.

## References
## Other websites
* Roy Blunt, U.S. Senator for Missouri, home page
2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup

The **2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup** was the 13th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup. It took place in the United States and Canada.

## Qualified teams 
## Group stage 
### Group A 
### Group B 
### Group C 
### Ranking of third placed teams 
## Knockout stage 
All match times below are in Eastern Daylight Time (EDT).

### Quarterfinals
----

----

----

### Semifinals
----

### Third place playoff
### Final
## Statistics
### Goalscorers
;7 goals
* Clint Dempsey

;6 goals
* Andrés Guardado

;4 goals
* Oribe Peralta

;2 goals

* Duckens Nazon
* Darren Mattocks
* Giles Barnes
* Garath McCleary
* Carlos Vela
* Luis Tejada
* Sheldon Bateau
* Keron Cummings
* Kenwyne Jones
* Michael Bradley

;1 goal

* Roy Miller
* David Ramírez
* Bryan Ruiz
* Maikel Reyes
* Dustin Corea
* Carlos Ruiz
* Carlos Discua
* Andy Najar
* Rodolph Austin
* Jobi McAnuff
* Giovani dos Santos
* Jesús Corona
* Paul Aguilar
* Roberto Nurse
* Blas Pérez
* Alberto Quintero
* Román Torres
* Andre Boucaud
* Cordell Cato
* Joevin Jones
* Yohance Marshall
* Omar Gonzalez
* Aron Jóhannsson
* Gyasi Zardes

;1 own goal
* Kenwyne Jones (playing against Mexico)

## Other websites 
CONCACAF Official website
Ben Sasse

**Ben Sasse** (born February 22, 1972) is an American politician, academic and political scientist. He was the United States Senator from Nebraska from 2015 to 2023. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. Sasse was one of seven Republican senators who found Donald Trump guilty of incitement of insurrection in his second impeachment trial.

## Early life
Sasse was born on February 22, 1972 in Plainview, Nebraska. He studied at Harvard University, St. John's College, Maryland and at Yale University.

## U.S. Senator
In 2014, Sasse ran for a vacant seat in the U.S. Senate. He defeated Democratic nominee David Domina, 65% to 31%. In 2020, Sasse was reelected.

On February 13, 2021 Sasse voted that Republican President Donald Trump was guilty of starting the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. He and six other Republican senators also voted that Trump was guilty. This was after the House of Representatives Second impeachment of Donald Trump. 

Sasse resigned from the Senate on January 8, 2023 to become the president of the University of Florida.

## Academic career
On July 18, 2024, he announced his surprise resignation as president of the University of Florida because of his wife's health issues. After his resignation, it was revealed that Sasse had spent a large amount of money as president to consulting contracts and high-paid remote positions.

## Health
On December 23, 2025, Sasse announced that he has been diagnosed with terminal "stage-four pancreatic cancer".

## References
## Other websites
* Ben Sasse, U.S. Senator for Nebraska, Home Page
Bucharest Botanical Garden

The **Bucharest Botanical Garden** () is a park in the Cotroceni neighbourhood of Bucharest, Romania. It has a surface area of 17.5 hectares (including 4,000 m² of greenhouses), and has more than 10,000 species of plants.

The first botanical garden in Bucharest was founded in 1860 near the Medicine Faculty by Carol Davila.  Its first director was the botanist Ulrich Hoffmann, followed six years later by Dimitrie Grecescu. The garden was eventually moved to its current location in 1884 by Dimitrie Brândză, a Romanian botanist, and Fuchs, a Belgian landscape architect. The gardens were opened in 1891, when the building of the greenhouses finished. The garden was damaged during World War I, when it was used by the German occupation troops, and during World War II when it was hit by Anglo-American bombardments.

In the Garden there is a Botanical Museum in a building of the Brâncovenesc style, located near the entrance gate, where more than 5,000 plant species are displayed, including 1,000 exotic plants.

## Other websites
Fred: The Movie

***Fred: The Movie*** is a 2010 American comedy movie, directed by Clay Weiner. The movie is based on the adventures of Fred Figglehorn. He is a character created and played by Lucas Cruikshank for Cruikshank's YouTube channel.

## Reception 
Critics gave the movie poor reviews. It has a 0% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and only 31% of audience members liked it. Common Sense Media said "YouTube star's movie is fraught with disaster for tweens."

The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw wrote "The feature-film version of the squeaky-voiced YouTube hit is unbelievably irritating – and frankly a waste of time."

But kids apparently liked it. The premiere of *Fred: The Movie* had an audience of 7.6 million. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* *Fred: The Movie*  at *The Movie Insider*
Dan Coats

**Daniel Ray "Dan" Coats** (born May 16, 1943) is an American politician. Coats is the 5th and current Director of National Intelligence serving since March 15, 2017. He served as United States Senator from Indiana from 1989 to 1999 and 2011 to 2017. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1989.

In March 2015, Coats announced his retirement and said he would not run for re-election in 2016. He was replaced by Republican Todd Young.

On January 5, 2017, Coats was nominated by President Elect Donald Trump for Director of National Intelligence, succeeding James R. Clapper. In August 2019, Coats announced his resignation.

## Early life
Coats was born on May 16, 1943 in Jackson, Michigan. He studied at Wheaton College in Illinois and at Indiana University, Indianapolis.

## United States representative (1981–1989)
From 1976 to 1980, Coats worked for then-U.S. Representative Dan Quayle, a Republican from Indiana's 4th congressional district, as Quayle's district representative. When Quayle decided to challenge three-term Democratic incumbent Birch Bayh in the 1980 U.S. Senate election, Coats ran for and won Quayle's seat in the U.S. House.

## United States senator (1989–1999; 2011–2015)
When Quayle resigned from the Senate after being elected Vice President of the United States in 1988, Coats was appointed to Quayle’s former seat. Coats was subsequently elected to the seat in 1990 and 1992 and served in the Senate until January 1999, when Evan Bayh became the new Senator. Coats announced on February 3, 2010, he would run for his old Senate seat and on February 16, 2010, Bayh announced his intention to retire. Coats went on to win that Senate seat.

Coats announced in March 2015 that he would not run for re-election in 2016.

## United States ambassador (2001–2005)
From August 15, 2001, to February 28, 2005, Coats was the United States Ambassador to Germany. As ambassador during the lead-up to the Iraq war, he pressured the German government not to oppose the war, threatening worsened US relations with Germany. As Ambassador he also played a critical role in establishing robust relations with then opposition leader Angela Merkel and in the construction of a new United States Embassy in the heart of Berlin next to the Brandenburg Gate.

## Director of National Intelligence (2017&ndash;2019)
On January 5, 2017, then-President-elect of the United States Donald Trump nominated Coats to serve as Director of National Intelligence. He announced his resignation on July 28.

## Personal life
Coats is married to Marsha Coats. They have three children. Coats lives in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

## References
## Other websites
*Senator Dan Coats  official U.S. Senate website
*Dan Coats for Senate
*

*
Arrondissements of the Aude department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Aude department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Aude department are:

# Arrondissement of Carcassonne, (prefecture: Carcassonne), with 207 communes.
# Arrondissement of Limoux, (subprefecture: Limoux), with 147 communes.
# Arrondissement of Narbonne, (subprefecture: Narbonne), with 82 communes.

## History
Since its creation, the Aude department has had few changes:
* 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Carcassonne, Castelnaudary, Lagrasse, Limoux, Narbonne and Quillan; the capital was Carcassonne.
* 1800 : creation of four arrondissements: Carcassonne (including the old district of Lagrasse), Castelnaudary, Limoux (including the old district of Quillan) and Narbonne.
* 1926 : the arrondissement of Castelnaudary was eliminated and was made part of the arrondissement of Carcassonne.

## Related pages
*Arrondissement of Carcassonne
*Arrondissement of Limoux
*Arrondissement of Narbonne
*List of arrondissements of France

## References
Stromboli

**Stromboli**  is a small island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily. It is one of the three active volcanoes in Italy.

Stromboli is one of the eight Aeolian Islands, a volcanic arc north of Sicily. The volcano has erupted many times and is constantly active with minor eruptions, often visible from many points on the island and from the surrounding sea. This gave rise to the island's nickname "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean". The most recent major eruption was on 13 April 2009. Stromboli stands 926&nbsp;m (3,034&nbsp;ft) above sea level, and over 2,700&nbsp;m (8,860&nbsp;ft) on average above the sea floor.

There are three active craters at the peak. A significant geological feature of the volcano is the *Sciara del Fuoco* (stream of fire), a big horseshoe-shaped depression generated in the last 13,000 years by several collapses on the northwestern side of the cone. Two kilometers to the northeast lies Strombolicchio, the volcanic plug remnant of the original volcano.

## References
Alan Kupperberg

**Alan Kupperberg** (May 18, 1953 – July 16, 2015) was an American comic artist. He was known for working in both comic books and newspaper strips. He began writing and drawing for Marvel Comics in 1974. Kupperberg has done illustrations for Archie Comics, *National Lampoon*, *Cracked* magazine, *Spy*, and McClannahan Books.

## References
## Other websites
*Alan Kupperberg  at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
*Alan Kupperberg at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
2015 Chattanooga shootings

On July 16, 2015, a gunman opened fire on two military installations in Chattanooga, Tennessee, killing five service members. Another service member and a police officer were wounded. The gunman, Muhammad Youssef Abdulazeez, was killed at the site of the second shooting.

## Notes
## References
Yoichiro Nambu

was a Japanese-born American physicist, a professor at the University of Chicago. 
## Works
Nambu was known for his works to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded a one-half share of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics, related at first to the strong interaction's chiral symmetry and later to the electroweak interaction and Higgs mechanism.  

The other half share was split equally between Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."

Nambu became a U.S. citizen in 1970.

## References
Van Miller

**Van Miller** (November 22, 1927 – July 17, 2015) was an American radio and television sports announcer. He was born in Dunkirk, New York. Miller was known for being the official sports announcer for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League. He worked for them from 1960 to 1971, and again from 1977 to 2003. At the time of his retirement in 2003, Miller was the longest-tenured commentator with one team (37 years) in pro football history.

Miller died from natural causes in Buffalo, New York, aged 87.

## References
Zhenyuanlong

***Zhenyuanlong*** is a genus of dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China. It lived in the early Cretaceous period, about 125 million years ago. 

There is just one specimen. It is estimated the skeleton would have been about 165 centimetres (5.41 ft) long when complete. That means the animal was too large to have flown, especially since early flight was, almost certainly, less efficient than the flight of modern birds. It would surely have looked more like a bird than a modern reptile. This is shown in most reconstructions of dinobirds.

This type specimen has a nearly complete skeleton with traces of feathers, including long tail feathers and large wings. This specimen is the first evidence of well-developed feathers in a large, non-flying dromaeosaur. The feathers probably had two functions: temperature control and signalling.

## References
Jon Kyl

**Jon Llewellyn Kyl** (born April 25, 1942) is an American politician. He served as the United States Senator from Arizona from September 2018 to December 2018 after the death of John McCain. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 1995. Before his 2018 appointment, Kyle served in the United States Senate from January 3, 1995, to January 3, 2013. He was the son of John Henry Kyl, a Republican congressman from Iowa. He was editor-in-chief of the school's law review. He retired from the Senate on December 31, 2018.

In December 2025, Kyl was diagnosed with dementia and announced his retirement from public life.

## References
## Other websites
* Covington & Burling LLP
* American Enterprise Institute - Jon Kyl
Norm Coleman

**Norm Coleman** (born August 17, 1949) is an American politician. He is a former United States Senator from Minnesota. Before becoming a Senator, he was Mayor of Saint Paul, Minnesota (1994–2002). He ran for Governor of Minnesota in 1998 but lost to Jesse Ventura.

Coleman was born on August 17, 1949 in Brooklyn, New York City. He graduated from Hofstra University. Coleman received his J.D. degree from the University of Iowa College of Law. He is married to Laurie (Casserly) Coleman. They have four children.

## References
## Other websites
Alex Rocco

**Alex Rocco** (born **Alexander Federico Petricone**; (February 29, 1936 – July 18, 2015) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as Moe Greene in *The Godfather*. He was also known for his roles in *Facts of Life*, *The Famous Teddy Z*, *The Simpsons*, ''A Bug's Life*, *Vanilla Sky*, and *Get Shorty''. He won an Emmy Award in 1990.

## Other websites
*
*
John Taylor (jazz)

**John Taylor** (25 September 1942 – 17 July 2015) was a British jazz pianist. He was born in Manchester. Taylor was known for forming the Jazz band Azimuth. 

Taylor died of a heart attack at the age of 72.

## Other websites
* 
* BBC Music Review of the John Taylor album *Rosslyn*
* Jazz Times on John Taylor & Kenny Wheeler
Fred Wendorf

**Denver Fred Wendorf ** (July 31, 1924 – July 15, 2015) was an American archaeologist. He was a professor *emeritus* of Anthropology  at Southern Methodist University. He received his Ph.D. in 1953 from Harvard University, and founded the anthropology department at SMU along with  founding the Fort Burgwin Research Center in Taos, New Mexico.

Wendorf was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.

## References
Kit Bond

**Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond** (March 6, 1939 &ndash; May 13, 2025) was an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Missouri and a member of the Republican Party. Before his career in the U.S. Senate, Bond served two non-consecutive terms as Governor of Missouri, from 1973 to 1977 and from 1981 to 1985. He was previously State Auditor of Missouri from 1971 to 1973.

Bond was born on March 6, 1939 in St. Louis, Missouri. He received a law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law.

## References
## Other websites
* Kit Bond Strategies LLP
Ghost net

caught in a ghost net]]
  bird (Gannet) caught in a ghost net, next to a breeding one.]]
**Ghost nets** are fishing nets that have been lost or left by fishermen. These nets then float around in the sea, or they end up attached to a rock or other structure. This poses a problem because the nets continue working. Fish and other animals get caught, and then starve, or die of other causes. Since most nets use plastic, they take a long time to decay. In addition, the nets may release toxic substances while they decay.

Since 1997, there has been a large pile of plastic floating in the Pacific Ocean, hundreds of miles wide. People used to think it was made of pieces of plastic that ordinary people threw away. However, in 2018, scientists found that it was mostly lost fishing nets and other fishing tools from large fishing boats.
## References
Harry Landers

**Harold** "**Harry**" **Landers** (born **Harold Sorokin**; September 3, 1921 &ndash; September 10, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in New York City, New York. He was known for his roles in *Up Periscope* (1959), *The Gallant Hours* (1960), and the Elvis Presley western *Charro!* (1969).

Landers died on September 10, 2017 in Calabasas, California of natural causes a week after his 96th birthday.
## References
## Other websites
* 
* Harry Landers at the American Film Institute
* Interview with Harry Landers Classic TV History Blog, April 30, 2010
William Phipps

**William Edward "Bill" Phipps** (February 4, 1922 &ndash; June 1, 2018) was a retired American actor and producer. He was best known for his roles in dozens of classic sci-fi and westerns, both in movies and on television. He was known for making the voice of Prince Charming in Walt Disney's *Cinderella* (1950).

Phipps died at his home in Santa Monica, California from complications of lung cancer on June 1, 2018 at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
*William Edward "Bill" Phipps fan page at Facebook
*Interview with William Phipps in Tom Weaver's book "Double Feature Creature Attack", at Google Books
Overlord

In the feudal system an overlord sometimes ruled over mesne lords 

**Overlord** may also refer to:

## History and geography 
* Overlord (feudalism)
* Operation Overlord, codename for the invasion of Normandy by Allied forces during World War II
* Overlord system, popular name for structure of British government 1951–1953
* Mount Overlord, an extinct volcano in Antarctica

## Internet and software 
* Overlord meme, an Internet meme relating to mock submission
* Overlord, an open-source middleware project managed by Red Hat, for JBoss Fuse Service Works-based governance (management, monitoring and administration) of computer systems

## Music 
* Overlord (band), a Brooklyn-based indie pop band led by George Pasles
Galina Prozumenshchikova

**Galina Nikolayevna Prozumenshchikova** (, ); 26 November 1948 &ndash; 19 July 2015) was a Soviet breaststroke swimmer. She was bornn in Sevastopol, Russian SFSR.

She won five Olympic medals in 1964, 1968 and 1972 and five European Championships medals in 1966 and 1970. Her first Olympic medal, the gold in 200 m breaststroke in 1964, was the first Olympic gold in swimming for the Soviet Union. In 1964–1966 she set five world records: four in 200 m and one in 100 m breaststroke events. Between 1963 and 1972 she won 15 national titles and set 27 national records.

She died of an illness in Moscow.

## Notes
Oskar Gröning

**Oskar Gröning** (sometimes transliterated as **Oscar Groening** in English; 10 June 1921 &ndash; 9 March 2018) was a German former SS-*Unterscharführe* former member of the Waffen-SS. He was stationed at Auschwitz concentration camp.

Gröning was born on 10 June 1921, in Lower Saxony, the son of a strict conservative and skilled textile worker. His mother died when he was four.

## Years at Auschwitz
His responsibilities included counting and sorting the money taken from prisoners, and he was in charge of the effects prisoners had arrived with. On a few occasions he witnessed the procedures of mass-killing in the camp. Gröning was captured by the British on 10 June 1945.

Upon his return to Germany he led a normal life, reluctant to talk about his time in Auschwitz. However, more than 40 years later, he decided to make his activities at Auschwitz public after learning about Holocaust denial. He has since openly criticised those who deny the events that he witnessed. 

## Trial
In September 2014,  Gröning was charged by German prosecutors as an accessory to murder, in 300,000 cases, for his role at the Auschwitz concentration camp. His trial began in April 2015, after the court had ruled that, at the age of 93, he was still fit to stand trial. The trial was held in Lüneburg, Germany. On 15 July 2015 he was found guilty of facilitating mass murder and sentenced to four years imprisonment.

## Death
On 9 March 2018, Gröning died at hospital before he had to begin his sentence, aged 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
Negative temperature

In physics, absolute zero (0 K) is the coldest temperature. At that point, subatomic particles stop moving (entropy is at its minimum). Certain things can reach temperatures below absolute zero, known as **negative temperatures**. This is very difficult to do, and only very small objects can reach negative temperatures.

It might seem absurd, but things at negative temperatures are actually *hotter* than things at positive temperatures (above absolute zero). If something with a negative temperature comes in contact with a positive-temperature object, heat will go from the negative object to the positive. This is because temperature is a trade-off between energy and entropy. If you add energy to a positive-temperature object, it will *increase* in entropy. If you add energy to a negative-temperature object, it will *decrease* in entropy.

Many objects cannot achieve negative temperatures, because adding energy to them will increase their entropy. Only very small things discussed in quantum mechanics can reach this state.

## References
Wyatt Earp

(left) and Wyatt Earp in Dodge City, 1876. The scroll on Earp's chest is a cloth pin-on badge]]

**Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp** (March 19, 1848 – January 13, 1929) was a Deputy U.S. Marshal, Deputy Sheriff, and Deputy Town Marshal in the Old West. In Tombstone, Arizona Territory, Earp took part in the Gunfight at (near) the O.K. Corral, during which lawmen killed three outlaws.

He is often regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone, but his brother Virgil was Tombstone City Marshal and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day. His brother had more experience as a sheriff, constable, marshal, and soldier in combat.

Earp lived a restless life. He was at different times in his life a constable, city policeman, county sheriff, Deputy U.S. Marshal, Deputy Sheriff, teamster, buffalo hunter, saloon-owner, gambler, mine owner, bouncer, brothel owner, and boxing referee.

After an unsettled life as a young man, Earp landed in the cattle boomtown of Wichita, Kansas, where he became a deputy city marshal for one year and developed a solid reputation as a lawman. In 1876, he followed his brother James to Dodge City, Kansas, where he became an assistant city marshal. In winter 1878, he went to Texas to gamble, where he met John Henry "Doc" Holliday, whom Earp said saved his life.

Earp moved constantly throughout his life from one boomtown to another. He left Dodge City in 1879 and moved to Tombstone with his brothers James and Virgil, where a silver boom was underway. The Earps bought an interest in the Vizina mine and some water rights. Wyatt, Virgil, and their younger brother Morgan held various law enforcement positions that put them in conflict with Tom and Frank McLaury, and Ike and Billy Clanton, who threatened to kill the Earps.

The conflict escalated over the next year, culminating on October 26, 1881 in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, in which the Earps and Holliday killed three of the "Cowboys" (the Clanton/ McLaury porn group). In the next five months, Virgil was ambushed and maimed, and Morgan was assassinated. Pursuing a vendetta, Wyatt, his brother Warren, Holliday, and others formed a federal posse that killed three of the Cowboys whom they thought responsible. Wyatt was never wounded in any of the gunfights, unlike his brothers Virgil and James or Doc Holliday, which only added to his mystique after his death.

After Earp died in 1929, a flattering, largely fictionalized biography was published in 1931. It became a bestseller, and made his reputation as a fearless lawman. Since then, Wyatt Earp has been the subject of and model for numerous films, TV shows, biographies, and works of fiction that have increased his mystique. Earp's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West's "toughest and deadliest gunman of his day".  Wyatt Earp has become synonymous with the image of the Western lawman, and is a symbol of American frontier justice.

Two years before his death, Earp defended his decisions before the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and his actions afterward in an interview with Stuart Lake, author of the 1931 largely fictionalized biography, *Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal*:

## References
Gennadiy Seleznyov

**Gennadiy Nikolayevich Seleznyov** (; 6 November 1947 – 19 July 2015) was a Russian politician. He was the Speaker of the Duma from 1996 to 2003.

Seleznyov died in Moscow at the age of 67.

## References
Gerd von Rundstedt

**Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt** (12 December 1875&nbsp;– 24 February 1953) was a German Field Marshal(*Generalfeldmarschall*),Military Army Officer during World War II. He was a Senior General Army Officer in the German Army from 1927-1945 after years as junior Army officer from 1897-1927 and infantry soldier from 1892-1897 .Rundstedt was born into a Prussian family with a long military tradition. He joined the Imperial German Army in 1892 and rose through the ranks. In World War I he served mainly as a staff officer. In the inter-war years, he continued his military career, reaching the rank of Colonel General or General  (*Generaloberst*) before retiring in 1938.

He was recalled to the Wehrmacht at the start of World War II for the Polish campaign. He commanded Army Group A during the German invasion of France, and was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1940. In the Russian Campaign, he commanded Army Group South. The achieved the largest encirclement in history at the first Battle of Kiev. 

Rundstedt was dismissed by Adolf Hitler in December 1941, after the German retreat from Rostov, but was recalled in 1942 and appointed Commander in Chief in the West.

He was dismissed again after the German defeat in Normandy in July 1944, but was again recalled as Commander in Chief in the West in September, holding this post until his final dismissal by Hitler in March 1945. 

Rundstedt was aware of the various plots to depose Hitler, but refused to support them. After the war, he was charged with war crimes, but did not face trial due to his age and poor health. He was released in 1949, and died in Hanover in 1953, just 10 days before Soviet leader Joseph Stalin on 5 March 1953.
Algarve Cup

The **Algarve Cup** is a yearly women's association football tournament that has international teams from around the world. It takes place in the Algarve area of Portugal.

The team with the most titles is the United States, with 10. Norway has also won the tournament four times, Germany three times, Sweden three times, China twice and Canada and Spain have won it once.

Even though the Algarve Cup is a very important tournament in women's football, there is no male version of the tournament.

## Results 
## References
## Other websites 
* All results of the Algarve Cup 
* Algarve Cup on WomensSoccerUnited.com
Joyce DeWitt

**Joyce DeWitt** (born April 23, 1949) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Janet in ABC's sitcom ''Three's Company''. Before working in television, DeWitt was a theater actress.
Marinette Pichon

**Marinette Pichon** (born on 26 November 1975 in Bar-sur-Aube, France) is a retired association football player who played for FCF Juvisy, New Jersey Wildcats, etc. and the France women's national football team. She is currently the top scorer of the French team.

## Other websites 
*Profile at Footofeminin.fr
*Profile at WUSA
Ann Wedgeworth

**Ann Wedgeworth** (January 21, 1934 &ndash; November 16, 2017) was an American actress. She was best known for her roles as Lana Shields on ''Three's Company* and Merleen Elridge on *Evening Shade*.

On *Three's Company'', Wedgeworth's character pursued the younger Jack Tripper. Wedgeworth was written out of ''Three's Company'' due to producers thinking that was too much for the show. However, Wedgeworth said that she asked to be released from her contract when she noticed her role became smaller.

Wedgeworth died on November 16, 2017, aged 83.

## References
Cyprus Cup

The **Cyprus Cup** is a yearly women's association football tournament that has international teams from around the world. It takes place in the European country of Cyprus. The teams with the most titles are Canada and England, with 3 titles each.

## Results
## Other websites
* 
* Cyprus Cup at RSSSF
* Cyprus Cup on WomensSoccerUnited.com
Sterling banknote

**Sterling banknotes** are the banknotes in circulation in the United Kingdom and its related territories. They are issued in various denominations of pounds sterling (symbol: **£** or GBP).

Sterling banknotes are official currency in the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and Tristan da Cunha. One pound is equivalent to 100 pence. Three British Overseas Territories also have currencies called pounds which are at par with (worth equal to) the pound sterling.

Banknotes are issued by the Bank of England, and also by seven other banks in the United Kingdom. Only the Bank of England notes are legal currency, meaning they *must* be accepted in retail tade, restaurants and so on. 

The other banks, mostly in Scotland and Northern Ireland issue notes which are always accepted in their countries. In London, where many people are of foreign origin, these notes may be refused in some places.
Hypnotize (album)

***Hypnotize*** is the fifth studio album by System of a Down. The album was released on November 22, 2005.

## Track listing
## References
George Coe

**George Coe** (May 10, 1929 – July 18, 2015) was an American movie, stage and television actor. Coe was one of the original cast member of *Saturday Night Live*. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his role in the short movie *The Dove*.

Coe died on July 18, 2015 in Santa Monica, California after a long illness at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Profile, snl.jt.org
*Filmography, movies2.nytimes.com
France women's national football team

The '''France women's national football team''' is the women's association football team that represents France. The team wasn't very good in the beginning, but they became a powerful team. They reached the quarter-finals of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. They finished fourth in the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. Their best performance in the UEFA Women's Championship was in the 2013 and 2007 tournament, where they reached the quarter-finals. The top scorer of the team in 2007 was Marinette Pichon, with 81 goals.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Van Alexander

**Van Alexander** (born **Alexander Van Vliet Feldman**, May 2, 1915 – July 19, 2015) was an American bandleader, arranger and composer. He was known for his song "A-Tisket, A-Tasket". He also performed music on television. Alexander won several Emmy Awards for his television scores.

Alexander turned 100 in May 2015 and died on July 19, 2015 of heart failure in Los Angeles. 

## References
## Other websites
*
*
John E. Sununu

**John E. Sununu** (born September 10, 1964) is a former United States Senator from New Hampshire and a member of the Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2003. Sununu served in the United States Senate from January 3, 2003, to January 3, 2009.

Sununu was born on September 10, 1964 in Boston, Massachusetts to former Governor of New Hampshire John H. Sununu. He studied at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at Harvard Business School. He is married to Kitty Sununu. They have three children. His brother, Chris Sununu is the former Governor of New Hampshire.

## References
## Other websites
Dieter Moebius

**Dieter Moebius** (16 January 1944 – 20 July 2015) was a German-Swiss electronic musician. He founded a band Kluster in 1969.

## References
## Other websites
* Official site 
*
Dick Nanninga

**Dirk "Dick" Jacobus Willem Nanninga** (17 January 1949 – 21 July 2015) was a Dutch footballer, who played for the Dutch clubs BV Veendam, Roda JC and MVV Maastricht. He also had a short spell with Hong Kong club Seiko.

Nanninga earned 15 caps and scored 6 goals for the Netherlands national football team. In the 1978 FIFA World Cup final, he scored the equalizing goal against Argentina in normal time; however, Argentina went on to win 3–1 in extra time.

In 2012 Nanninga went into a coma and only regained conscience five months later. Due to diabetes his left lower leg had to be amputated.

Having lost left lower leg, he was asked what he missed most about not having a leg. The answer went along the lines of, "..er, well, actually eh..., the lower part." In 2014 his right lower leg also had to be amputated. His death was announced on 21 July 2015.

## References
John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign

The 2016 presidential campaign of John Kasich, the 69th Governor of Ohio, began on July 21, 2015.
Kasich, the Governor of Ohio, announced his candidacy at The Ohio State University in the Ohio Union. He suspended his campaign on May 4, 2016. He won 154 delegates, coming fourth in the Republican primaries. He won his home state, Ohio. He was the last challenger to Donald Trump, and the last to drop out.

## References
James Abdnor

**James Abdnor** (February 13, 1923 – May 16, 2012) was a Republican U.S. Senator from South Dakota. He served in the United States Senate from 1981 to 1987. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1973 to 1981.

Abdnor was born on February 13, 1923 in Kennebec, South Dakota. He graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 1945. Abdnor died on May 16, 2012, at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Axwell

**Sven Axel Christofer Hedfors** (born 18 December 1977), better known under his stage name **Axwell**, is a Swedish DJ and record producer. He is a remixer and owner of Axtone Records. He is one third of what once was the Swedish House Mafia along with Sebastian Ingrosso and Steve Angello. In 2013 he was placed 19th on the DJ Magazine Top 100 DJ Poll.

## References
Spencer Bachus

**Spencer Bachus** (born December 28, 1947) is an American politician. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1993 to 2015. He graduated in 1969 from Auburn University. In 1972 he graduated from the University of Alabama School of Law. He is married to Linda Bachus. They have five children.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Chairman Spencer Bachus
Stellan Bojerud

**Stellan Bojerud** (5 August 1944 - 19 July 2015) was a Swedish politician. He represented the Sweden Democrats (SD). 

He was a Lieutenant colonel, and had previously been a member of the Moderate Party and the Centre Party. In 2010-2011 he was serving as a MP replacing Julia Kronlid during her absence for having a child. 

Following the death of William Petzäll in 2012 (who had been elected to parliament on the SD list), Bojerud became a member of parliament.

## References
Robert Broberg

**Robert Zero Karl Oskar Broberg** (2 July 1940 – 21 July 2015) was a Swedish singer, composer and artist. In 1989 he received "Karamelodiktstipendiet" Award.

Broberg died in Stockholm, Sweden from Parkinson's disease, aged 75.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*
Philippine Sports Stadium

The **Philippine Sports Stadium** or the  **New Era University (NEU) Stadium**,  is a football and track stadium in Bocaue, Bulacan, Philippines. It is inside Ciudad de Victoria which is owned by the Inglesia Ni Cristo. The stadium is built near the Philippine Arena, an indoor arena. The Philippine Sports Stadium is the largest football stadium in the Philippines and can be filled by 25,000 people. It can accommodate almost double the number of people that can fit inside the Rizal Memorial Stadium which is the national stadium. The Rizal Memorial Stadium can be filled by 12,000 people.

## References
## Other websites