open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
AZ

**AZ** (or **Az**) may refer to:

## Companies and organizations 
*AstraZeneca, a UK-based pharmaceutical company
** Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, their COVID-19 vaccine (sometimes abbreviated as AZ)

* ITA Airways, IATA code for the national airline of Italy

* Ministry of General Affairs (), a Dutch Government ministry

## Music 
* AZ, a French record label

## People
* AZ (rapper), a rapper from Brooklyn, New York

## Places
* Arizona, a state in the United States whose postal abbreviation is "AZ"
* Azerbaijan, a Eurasian country, designated by the 2-letter ISO 3166-1 country code

## Other uses
* .az, the country code top level domain for the nation of Azerbaijan
* *Abendzeitung*, a newspaper based in Munich, Germany
* AlphaZero, game-playing artificial intelligence
* Azimuth, the horizontal component of a compass direction
* Azerbaijani language, designated by the ISO 639-1 international-standard language-code "az"

## Related pages
* 
* 
*
Grant County, North Dakota

**Grant County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota.  As of the 2020 census, 2,301 people lived there. The county seat is Carson.

## References
Golden Valley, North Dakota

**Golden Valley** is a city in Mercer County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 191 at the 2020 census. Golden Valley was founded in 1913.

The city is not be confused with the Golden Valley County.

## References
Mercer County, North Dakota

**Mercer County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, there were 8,350 people living there. The county seat is Stanton.

## References
Sleep mode

]]
**Sleep mode** is a low power mode that some electronic devices use to save power while they are on. Some electronic devices that are able to use sleep mode include TVs, computers, and remote controls. During sleep mode, the electronic device will use very little power while they are still running. This allows the user to be able to turn the electronic device back on immediately even if the electronic device is running with less power than normal.  It's also known as "standby mode." In this mode, the screen and hard disks turn off to save power. But, the memory (RAM) keeps working to remember things. The main processor (CPU) slows down to use less power too. When you touch a key or move the mouse, the computer wakes up quickly and is ready to use again. There are other modes like power-down and hybrid sleep for saving power too.

## References
John Rose

**John Williams Rose** (born February 23, 1965) is an American politician and businessman. He is the U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 6th congressional district since 2019. He was the Commissioner of Agriculture of Tennessee and was president of Boson Software, LLC.

In January 2025, Rose announced his candidacy for Governor of Tennessee in the 2026 gubernatorial election.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman John Rose official U.S. House website
*John Rose for Congress
Exploration Upper Stage

The **Exploration Upper Stage** (EUS) is a top stage of the Space Launch System (SLS) Block 1B. It will use four RL-10 engines burning liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen to generate  of thrust. The first flight of SLS with EUS will be in 2023.

## Related pages 
* NASA
* Space Launch System
Peter Burmeister

**Peter Burmeister** (16 July 1941 – 20 January 2019) was a German mathematician. He was a professor of mathematics at Darmstadt University of Technology. He was born in Berlin, Germany.

Burmeister died on 20 January 2019 in Reinheim, Germany at the age of 77.

## References
Hettinger, North Dakota

**Hettinger** ( ) is a city in, and the county seat of, Adams County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 1,074 at the 2020 census.

## References
Nawabs of Bengal

The **Nawabs of Bengal** (the Nawab Nizam of Bengal and Orissa) were the rulers of the provinces of Bengal and Orissa. Between 1717 and 1772, they were the rulers of the Bengal province.

The last independent Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, was betrayed in the Battle of Plassey by Mir Jafar. He lost to the British, who in 1757, installed Mir Jafar on the throne and established itself as a political power in Bengal.

In 1765 the system of 'dual government' meant the Nawabs ruled on behalf of the British, and were puppets to the British. In 1772 the system was abolished and Bengal was brought under direct control of the British. In 1793, when the *Nizamat* (governorship) of the Nawab was also taken away from them, they remained as the pensioners of the British East India Company. The last Nawab of Bengal, Mansur Ali Khan abdicated on 1 November 1880 in favour of his eldest son, Hassan Ali Mirza.

## References
Lessemsauridae

**Lessemsauridae** is a clade of early sauropod dinosaurs that lived in the Triassic and Jurassic of Argentina and South Africa.

The phylogenetic analysis performed by Apaldetti and colleagues is shown below:

## Species
### *Antetonitrus*
someone please add info for antetonitrus

### *Ingentia*
*Not to be confused with the nematode Ingenia*

***Ingentia*** is an early sauropod dinosaur from the Late Triassic of Argentina. The type specimen of Ingentia, PVSJ 1086, was discovered in the Quebrada del Barro Formation of northwestern Argentina. The only species, *Ingentia prima*, meaning "first huge one", as the taxon was one of the first very large sauropodomorphs to evolve, along with its close relative Lessemsaurus. A second specimen, PVSJ 1087, was referred, containing five tail vertebrae, both the radius and ulna, a left calfbone and a right foot.

### *Ledumahadi*
***Ledumahadi*** (meaning "a giant thunderclap" in Sesotho language) is a sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic. A quadruped, it was one of the first giant sauropodomorphs, reaching a weight of around , despite not having evolved columnar limbs like its later huge relatives.

### *Lessemsaurus*
***Lessemsaurus*** is an extinct genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Triassic period. It is unusual because it lived about 30 million years before the long-necked plant-eaters *Diplodocus* and *Brachiosaurus* lived.

The type species, *L. sauropoides*, was formally described by José Bonaparte in 1999. It was found in the Los Colorados Formation of La Rioja Province, Argentina.

This dinosaur was around  long and was discovered in strata dating to the Norian stage, around 210 million years ago.

Steve Brusatte of the University of Edinburgh said:
:"What is really unexpected is that the lessemsaurids achieved their huge bodies independently of the gigantic sauropods like *Brontosaurus* and *Diplodocus*, which did indeed evolve later during the Jurassic. The development of huge size wasn't just a one-off event for the sauropods, but rather different types of dinosaurs were able to become colossal".

## References
Cookeville, Tennessee

**Cookeville** is a city in Tennessee in the United States. It is the county seat of Putnam County. It has a population of 34,842 in 2020.

Well-known people from Cookeville: Sunny Choi (born 1988), gold medalist from Pan-American Games, breakdancer

## References
Christopher Sholes

**Christopher Latham Sholes** (February 14, 1819 in Mooresburg (Pennsylvania, United States) - February 17, 1890 in Milwaukee (Wisconsin, United States) was an American inventor and politician, famous for designing the first commercial typewriter and "QWERTY" keyboard used today.

## Biography 
Born in Mooresburg, Pennsylvania, sholes moved to nearby Danville as a teenager, where he worked as an apprentice printer. After completing his apprenticeship, Sholes moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he became editor of the newspaper "Wisconsin Enquirer." Put in politics, he was a member of the Senate and the State Assembly. He served President Abraham Lincoln. The typewriter After having patented a counting machine with Samuel W. Souléen in 1864; An amateur inventor, Carlos Glidden suggested the possibility of turning his device into a typewriter. Four years later, on June 23, 1868, he patented his idea, to which he continued to dedicate a large part of his time. In 1872 he sold the patent (US $ 79,265) of his machine for $ 12,000 to Densmore and Yost, who reached an agreement with E. Remington and Sons (then manufacturers of sewing machines) to market what was known as "Typewriter. Sholes and Glidden ». Remington began the production of his first typewriter on May 1, 1873 in Ilion (New York).

Sholes continued working on new developments for the typewriter during the sixties, among the achievements obtained are the QWERTY keyboard in 1873 and the development of the mechanism that moves the blow to the type to be printed, inspired by the operation of the keys of the piano. He also developed the roller on which the paper is placed, a counterweight for the roller and the paper to move, the lever to change the line and the spacer'''''.

## References
Lamia Al-Gailani Werr

**Lamia Al-Gailani Werr** (; 8 March 1938 &ndash; 18 January 2019) was an Iraqi archaeologist. Her works focused in ancient Mesopotamian antiquities. She was born in Baghdad, Iraq. She was known for maintaining links between British and Iraqi archaeology under the Saddam Hussein regime.

She worked to preserve cultural heritage in the aftermath of the Iraq War. She was closely involved in the reconstruction of the National Museum of Iraq, where she had worked as a curator in the 1960s, and the founding of the Basrah Museum.

She was awarded the fifth Gertrude Bell Memorial Gold Medal by the British Institute for the Study of Iraq in 2009.

Al-Gailani died in Amman, Jordan, on 18 January 2019 from a heart attack while en route to Iraq, aged 80.

## References
Evloghios (Hessler)

**Evloghios (Hessler)** (February 21, 1935 – January 20, 2019) was a German-born Italian religious figure. He was the Archbishop of Milan and Longobardia from 1990 until his death in 2019. He was Orthodox Metropolitan of Aquileia and Western Europe and Primate of the Holy Synod of Milan.

Evloghios died of complications from a stroke in Milan on January 21, 2019 at the age of 83.

## References
Raghbir Singh Bhola

**Raghbir Singh Bhola** (21 August 1927 &ndash; 22 January 2019) was an Indian Airforce Officer and a former India hockey player. He represented India in the 1956 Melbourne and 1960 Rome Olympics, winning a gold and silver medal respectively for the country. He was born in Multan, Pakistan.

Bhola died on 22 January 2019 in New Delhi from complications of multiple organ failure, aged 91.

## References
## Other websites
* The Golden Team
*Arjuna Awards, IOA Website
*Arjuna Awards, Hockey India Website
*Indian Sports News - Modern Indian Hockey
Rosa González Román

**Rosa González Román** (23 July 1942 – 21 January 2019) was a Chilean journalist and politician. She was a Deputy from 11 March 1998 to 11 March 2006. She was born in Buin.

González Román died in Santiago de Chile on 21 January 2019 from cervical cancer, aged 76.

## References
The Upside

***The Upside*** is a 2019 American comedy-drama movie directed by Neil Burger and written by Jon Hartmere. It is a remake of the French 2011 movie *The Intouchables*. It was inspired by the life of Philippe Pozzo di Borgo. 

The movie is about a paralyzed billionaire (Bryan Cranston) who becomes friends with a recently paroled convict (Kevin Hart) who he hires to take care of him. 

Nicole Kidman, Golshifteh Farahani, Tate Donovan, Aja Naomi King and Julianna Margulies also star.  It is the third remake of *The Intouchables* after the Indian movie *Oopiri* and the Argentinian movie *Inseparables* (both 2016).

The movie was originally to be distributed by The Weinstein Company in March 2018, but the movie was shelved and sold off following the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations. 

It was released in the United States on January 11, 2019. *The Upside* has grossed over $69 million and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised Hart and Cranston's chemistry and performances but criticized the plot for being "predictable and cliché".

## References
Kjell Bäckman

**Kjell Hilding "Tjalle" Bäckman** (21 February 1934 &ndash; 9 January 2019) was a Swedish speed skater. He competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics in the 5000 m and 10000 m events. He won a bronze medal in the 10000 m; all three medalists of that event broke the previous world record. He won four long-distance titles: in the 5000 m (1959, 1961) and 10000 m (1959, 1960).

## References
Cot-caught merger

The **cot-caught merger** is a sound change where the vowel in the word "cot" and the vowel in the word "caught" come to sound the same and make the words "cot" and "caught" sound alike. It is also called the **lot-thought merger**. This sound change occurs for many people in the United States, Canada, Scotland and Ireland.

For example, people who have the cot-caught merger say these pairs of words the same way, but people who don't have the cot-caught merger say these pairs of words differently.

* "chock" and "chalk"
* "cod" and "cawed"
* "cot" and "caught"
* "collar" and "caller"
* "don" and "dawn"
* "fox" and "Fawkes"
* "knot" or "not" and "naught" or "nought"
* "nod" and "gnawed"
* "Polly" and "Paulie"
* "tot" and "taught"
* "wok" and "walk"
Boo (dog)

**Boo** (March 16, 2006January 18, 2019) was a Pomeranian dog that became an Internet celebrity. He was born in the San Francisco Bay Area. He had a popular Facebook page and four photo books were sold. As of March 2016, Boo had over 17.5 million Likes on Facebook. Boo was owned by Irene Ahn, a Facebook employee, who was also the owner of Boo's older brother, Buddy (died September 6, 2017).

He became popular in October 2010 after singer Kesha sent a tweet that she had a new boyfriend, which showed a picture of Boo.

Boo died in his sleep on the morning of January 18, 2019 of heart failure, aged 12. His owners said that he had begun to show signs of heart trouble after Buddy's death.

## References
Laura Tyson

'''Laura D'Andrea Tyson''' (born June 28, 1947) is an American economist. She was Chair of the US President's Council of Economic Advisers during the Clinton Administration. She also worked as Director of the National Economic Council. She is a professor at the Haas School of Business of the University of California, Berkeley.

## Early life and education 
Tyson was born '''Laura D'Andrea'* in New Jersey. Tyson graduated *summa cum laude'' with a B.A. in Economics from Smith College in 1969. She earned her Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974.

## Career 
Tyson joined the faculty of the economics department at Princeton University in 1974. In 1977 when she became a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley. She was appointed a professor of business administration in 1990.

In addition to her professorship at UC Berkeley, Tyson is also a member of the Board of Trustees at UC Berkeley's Blum Center for Developing Economies. The Center is focused on finding solutions to address the crisis of extreme poverty and disease in the developing world.

Since 2012, Tyson has written monthly columns for international media organization Project Syndicate.

In November 2013, Tyson founded the Institute for Business and Social Impact at the University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Haas School of Business Bio.
* Tyson's profile at LittleSis
Koos Andriessen

**Jacobus Eye "Koos" Andriessen** (25 July 1928 – 22 January 2019) was a Dutch politician. He was born in Rotterdam. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). Andriessen was Minister of Economic Affairs from 1963 to 1965 and again from 1989 to 1994 and Minister of Transport and Water Management in 1994.

Andriessen died on 22 January 2019 in Rotterdam from complications of Parkinson's disease, aged 90.

## References
Andrew Fairlie

**Andrew Fairlie** (21 November 1963 – 22 January 2019) was a Scottish chef. He was born in Perth, Scotland. Fairlie was the head chef of the eponymous Restaurant Andrew Fairlie. in Auchterarder, Perthshire. Restaurant Andrew Fairlie is the only restaurant in Scotland with two Michelin stars,  and one of only fifteen in the UK.

Fairlie died on 22 January 2019 from brain cancer in Auchterarder at the age of 55.

## References
Oliver Mtukudzi

**Oliver "Tuku" Mtukudzi** (22 September 1952 – 23 January 2019) was a Zimbabwean musician, businessman, philanthropist and human rights activist. He was a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for Southern Africa Region. He was born in Harare.

Tuku was thought to have been Zimbabwe's most famous and internationally known cultural icon of all time.

On 23 January 2019, Mtukudzi died at the age of 66 at Avenues Clinic in Harare from complications of diabetes.

## References
Erik Olin Wright

**Erik Olin Wright** (February 9, 1947 – January 23, 2019) was an American analytical Marxist sociologist. He focused in social stratification and alternative futures to capitalism. He worked at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

He was known for his classical Marxism views in his breakdown of the working class into subgroups of diversely. Wright introduced novel concepts to adapt to this change of perspective including deep democracy and interstitial revolution. He was born in Berkeley, California.

Wright studied at Harvard University, University of California, Berkeley and at Oxford College. In 2012, Wright was elected President of the American Sociological Association.

Wright died on January 23, 2019, from acute myeloid leukemia at a hospital in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, aged 71.

## References
Gita Gopinath

**Gita Gopinath** (born 8 December 1971)  is an Indian-American economist. She is the John Zwaanstra Professor of International Studies and Economics at Harvard University. She is also a co-director of the International Finance and Macroeconomics program at the National Bureau of Economic Research. She has worked as the Economic Adviser to the Chief Minister of Kerala.  She is a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and a member of the economic advisory panel of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Gopinath is a co-editor at the  American Economic Review, co-editor of the current Handbook of International Economics and was managing editor of the Review of Economic Studies. Her research focuses on International Finance and Macroeconomics.

## Early life and education 
Gopinath was born in Kolkata, India.  She is the younger of two daughters of TV Gopinath and VC Vijayalakshmi. They are both from Kannur, Kerala but settled in Mysore. .

She earned a B.A. degree from Lady Shri Ram College for Women of the University of Delhi in 1992 and an M.A. degree in economics from Delhi School of Economics, also of the University of Delhi, in 1994. She completed an M.A. degree at the University of Washington in 1996. In 2001, she got a Ph.D. degree at Princeton University. She won Princeton's Woodrow Wilson Fellowship Research Award while doing her doctoral research at Princeton.

## Honors 
* 2011: chosen as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum.
* 2014: named one of the top 25 economists under 45 by the International Monetary Fund. 
* 2017: received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Washington. 
* 2018: elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 

## Personal 
Gopinath's husband Iqbal Singh Dhaliwal is Executive Director at Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab at Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They have a son named Rohil.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Harvard University Profile
Elio Berhanyer

**Elio Berenguer Úbeda**, known as **Elio Berhanyer** (20 February 1929 – 24 January 2019) was a Spanish fashion designer. He won several prizes in his career. His designs were worn by actresses such as Ava Gardner and Cyd Charisse and royals like Queen Sofía and Infanta Pilar. He was born in Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain.

He also designed uniforms for Iberia airline, RTVE and the hostesses for the 1982 FIFA World Cup. He taught Fashion at the University of Córdoba.

He died in Madrid on 24 January 2019 at aged 89.

## References
Antonio Marchesano

**Antonio Marchesano** (7 November 1930 – 24 January 2019) was a Uruguayan lawyer and politician. He was born in Montevideo. Marchesano was President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1985 to 1986 and Interior Minister from 1986 to 1989.

Marchesano died on 24 January 2019 in Montevideo from lung cancer, aged 88.

## References
Fernando Sebastián Aguilar

**Fernando Sebastián Aguilar CMF** (14 December 1929 – 24 January 2019) was a Spanish cardinal. He was born in Calatayud, Spain. He was Bishop of León from 1979 to 1983 and Archbishop of Pamplona and Tudela from 1983 to 2007.

Sebastián Aguilar died from complications of a stroke on 24 January 2019 in Málaga, Spain, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
*Fernando Sebastián Aguilar
Bruce Corbitt

**Bruce Kendall Corbitt** (December 22, 1962 – January 25, 2019) was an American heavy metal singer. He was best known for alternately fronting the bands Rigor Mortis and Warbeast. His aggressive vocals were first heard on Rigor Mortis’ self-titled debut.

Corbitt was diagnosed with stage III esophageal cancer in May 2017. He died on January 25, 2019 at the age of 56.

## References
Meshulam Riklis

**Meshulam Riklis** (; 2 December 1923 – 25 January 2019) was an American-Israeli businessman. He was born in Istanbul. He was known for creating the high-yield bonds and leveraged buyouts to take over control of major companies, then doing paper switches of the assets into companies he owned.

A movie financier, he was known for financing the movie *Butterfly* starring his ex-wife Pia Zadora.

Riklis died on January 25, 2019 in Tel Aviv, aged 95.

## References
Ernest Angley

**Ernest Winston Angley** (August 9, 1921 &ndash; May 7, 2021) was an American Christian evangelist, author and television station. Born in Gastonia, North Carolina, his career began in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.

## Career
Angley's ministry was originally based at Grace Cathedral (a.k.a. the "Temple of Healing Stripes") near Akron. That church is now known as *Grace Cathedral – Akron*. Angley's ministry operates a Boeing 747SP, named *Star Triple Seven* and bearing registration P4-FSH. 

He hosts a one hour program called *The Ernest Angley Hour*.

## Controversy
Angley was known for being against homosexuality as he saw it as a sin. In January 2019, he was accused of sexual abuse by former Grace Cathedral pastor, Rev. Brock Miller. Miller filed a lawsuit against Angley and claims that he was abused for nine years.  A 1996 tape recording of Angley admitting to sexual relations with a different man. Allegation of further sexual abuses have been reported by the Akron Beacon Journal and Forbes.

## Death
Angley died on May 7, 2021 in Akron, Ohio, just three months before his 100th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Glendale Heights, Illinois

**Glendale Heights** is a village in DuPage County, Illinois. It is a suburb of Chicago. At the 2020 census, the population was 33,176.

The village was originally named *Glendale*. But in March 1960, the word *Heights* was added to the name because of the village's topographies.

The village was incorporated in 1959.

## References
Antioch, Illinois

**Antioch** is a village in Antioch Township, Lake County, Illinois, United States. The population was 14,622 at the 2020 census. Antioch is located nearly halfway between Chicago and Milwaukee at  (42.479069, -88.090878).

## References
Roy Apps

**Roy Apps** (born 1951) is a British screenwriter, dramatist and children's author. He has had 98 books published.

In 2001 Apps was awarded a BAFTA for outstanding contributions to children's film and television. For ten years he wrote for the award-winning CBBC series *Byker Grove*.

## References
Bradley Walsh

**Bradley Chase Walsh** (born 4 June 1960) is an English actor, comedian, singer, and television presenter.

People know him for his roles as Danny Baldwin in *Coronation Street*, DS Ronnie Brooks in *Law & Order: UK*, and Graham O'Brien in *Doctor Who*. Walsh also hosts the ITV game shows *The Chase* and *Cash Trapped*. 

Walsh is a former professional footballer for Brentford.

## Other websites 
* Official website 
*
Law & Order: UK

***Law & Order: UK*** is a British police procedural and legal television programme made for ITV. It was adapted from the American series *Law & Order*. *Law & Order: UK* ran from 2009 to 2014.

The series starred originally starred Bradley Walsh, Freema Agyeman, Jamie Bamber, Ben Daniels, Harriet Walter and Bill Paterson.

## Other websites
* Law & Order: UK on IMDb
Jamie Bamber

in May 2012]]
**Jamie St John Bamber Griffith** (born 3 April 1973) is an English actor. He was born in Hammersmith, London.

People know him for his roles as Lee Adama in *Battlestar Galactica*, and Detective Sergeant Matt Devlin in *Law & Order: UK*.

## Personal life
Bamber is married to actress Kerry Norton. The couple have three daughters: Isla and identical twins Darcy and Ava.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dario Hunter

**Dario David Hunter** (born April 21, 1983), also known as **Yisroel Hunter**, is an American lawyer, rabbi, educator and politician. He is considered the first Muslim-born person to be ordained as a rabbi. He was a member of the Youngstown, Ohio school board. He announced his candidacy on February 18, 2019. In June 2020, he lost the nomination to Howie Hawkins.

## References
Sanford Rosenthal

**Sanford Morris Rosenthal** (May 5, 1897 – May 1, 1989) was an American pharmacologist.

## Early life and career
Rosenthal was born in Albany, Georgia.
He received a medical degree at Vanderbilt University in 1920, and completed a residency and internship at Boston City Hospital (1921-1922).
However, his interests shifted to medical research when he became a Fellow of the National Research Council in a pharmacology lab at Johns Hopkins University (1922-1925).

## Major contributions to medicine
### Liver function tests
Dr. Rosenthal's first published paper provided a method for testing the health of the liver.
He showed that the rate at which the liver metabolizes an ingested dye can be used to quantify how well this organ functions.
His continued work on liver function tests resulted in the use of bromsulphthalein, which remains in use.

### Mercury poisoning antidote
Dr. Rosenthal discovered that sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate was an antidote for mercury poisoning.
This antidote was widely used, and Dr. Rosenthal's discovery is considered one of the major achievements in the history of medical research at the NIH.

### Antibiotic cure for pneumonia
Based on his observation that sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate also has antibacterial activity, Dr. Rosenthal began work on another group of sulfur-containing compounds -– the sulfa drugs.
His decade-long work on sulfa drugs led to his discovery of a treatment for pneumococcal pneumonia with sulfanilamide.

### Burn therapy
In the early 1940s, Dr. Rosenthal worked on improving the ability of victims of severe burns to survive.
Death commonly resulted from shock due to fluid (plasma) loss from the burned skin. He discovered that the replacement of the salts that are in the secreted plasma is the key to a successful and simplified treatment.
His research group demonstrated that this therapy was an effective alternative to the traditional treatment using intravenous injections of whole blood or plasma.

### Histamines
Dr. Rosenthal and his collaborators were pioneers in the area of histamine biochemistry and physiology.
They developed a widely used method for quantifying histamine, worked on the pharmacology of histamines, and determined the biosynthetic pathway for spermidine.
Dr. Rosenthal also collaborated in research on the role of polyamines in the function of viral DNA.

## Awards and honors
Dr. Rosenthal was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1979.
He was also a member of American Medical Association, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Society of American Bacteriologists, and Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

In 1962, he received the Public Health Service Meritorious Service Medal from the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
In 1973, he received the Harvey Stuart Allen Distinguished Service Award from the American Burn Association.
In 1980, he received the Award for Experimental Therapeutics from the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics in recognition of his pioneering work on the treatment of shock due to burns.

## References
Iran Air Flight 291

**Iran Air Flight 291** was a flight that crash landed on January 21, 1980. The plane, a Boeing 727-86, was making a flight from Mashad Airport to Tehran-Mehrabad Airport in Iran. At 19:11 local time, the plane crashed into the Alborz Mountains,  north of Tehran, during its approach to Tehran-Mehrabad runway 29 in foggy and snowy weather conditions. All 8 crew members and 120 passengers died in the incident, and the plane was destroyed. At the time, Iran Air Flight 291 was the deadliest aircraft disaster in Iranian history.

Investigators concluded that the probable cause of the crash was believed to be an inoperable instrument landing system and ground radar. as a result of the crash of Flight 291.

## References
Dick Dolman

**Dirk (Dick) Dolman** (2 July 1935 – 23 January 2019) was a Dutch politician. In 1970, he became a member of the House of Representatives as a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). He left the House in 1990.

From 17 July 1979 to 14 September 1989 he also was Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Dolman studied economics at the University of Amsterdam. He was born in Empe (Brummen, Gelderland) and died in Amsterdam at the age of 83.

## References
* Bio at Parlement.com
Jean Guillou

**Jean Victor Arthur Guillou** (April 18, 1930 – January 26, 2019) was a French composer, organist, pianist, and pedagogue. He was born in Angers. He composed over 90 works - for organ, chamber and orchestral music. From 1970-2005, Guillou taught organ performance and improvisation at the annual *Züricher International Meisterkurse*. 

Guillou died in Paris on 26 January 2019 at the age of 88.

## References
Henrik Jørgensen

**Henrik Høve Jørgensen** (10 October 1961 – 26 January 2019) was a Danish marathon runner. He won the London Marathon in 1988. He finished 5th in 1985 in 2:09.43 hours. This time remains the Danish national record. He was born in Copenhagen.

Jørgensen represented his native country in the men's marathon at the 1984 and the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. He was a two-time national champion in the men's 5000 m.

Jørgensen died in Bornholm on 26 January 2019 aged 57, from heart attack during a training run.

## References
Charles Vandenhove

**Charles, Knight Vandenhove** (3 July 1927, Teuven – 22 January 2019, Liège) was a Belgian architect. His company *Charles Vandenhove et associés* is based in Liège, Belgium. He was known for his work in Belgium, the Netherlands and Paris ranging from the 1950s to the 2010s.

Vandenhove died of pneumonia in Liège on 22 January 2019, aged 91.

## Gallery 

File:La Monnaie Brussels.jpg|Extension of La Monnaie, Brussels
File:Théâtre de la Ville -les Abbesses.JPG|Extension Thêatre des Abbesses, Paris
File:Linker zijgevel van schouwburg - 's-Gravenhage - 20390096 - RCE.jpg|Extension Koninklijke Schouwburg, The Hague
File:De Croissant.JPG|De Croissant, The Hague
File:CharlesVoscour.jpg|Charles Voscour, Maastricht
File:Kanunnikencour, Maastricht.JPG|Kanunnikencour, Maastricht
File:P1010110copyBreda.jpg|Poort van Breda
File:Dordrecht Statenplein.jpg|Statenplein, Dordrecht

## References
Gerry Plamondon

**Joseph Gerard Roger Plamondon** (January 5, 1924 – January 26, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 74 games in the National Hockey League with the Montreal Canadiens. He was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec. He won the Stanley Cup in 1946. Plamondon was the last surviving member of Canadiens 1946 Stanley Cup team.

Plamondon died on January 26, 2019 in Sherbrooke at the age of 95.

## References
Giuseppe Zamberletti

**Giuseppe Zamberletti** (17 December 1933 – 26 January 2019) was an Italian politician. He was born in Varese, Italy. He was the Minister of Protezione Civile from 1982 to 1987 and Senator from 2004 to 2009.

Zamberletti died on 26 January 2019 in Varese from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography at ISPRO Protezione Civile Wiki encyclopedia
Henry Chapier

**Henry Chapier** (14 November 1933 – 27 January 2019) was a French journalist, movie critic, television presenter and movie director. He was born in Bucharest, Romania.  He later became a stringer at ''L'Express''. He worked for France 3 from 1987 to 1994.

Chapier died on 27 January 2019 at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website  
*
Nina Fyodorova

**Nina Viktorovna Baldycheva** (; 18 July 1947 – 27 January 2019) was a Russian cross-country skier. She competed from 1970 to 1980. She won three medals at the Winter Olympics with a gold in the 4×5&nbsp;km (1976), a silver in the 4×5&nbsp;km (1980), and a bronze in the 5&nbsp;km (1976).

In the relay in 1976, she injured her left hand in a fall at the start, but completed the race. She was born in Travino, Pskov Oblast, Russia.

Fyodorova died on 27 January 2019 in Saint Petersburg, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Peter Magowan

**Peter Alden Magowan** (April 5, 1942 – January 27, 2019) was an American businessman. He was the managing general partner of the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball from 1993 through 2008. He was the chief executive officer of Safeway Inc. from 1979 through 1993. Magowan was born in New York City.

Magowan died on January 27, 2019 from cancer in San Francisco, California at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
*List of San Francisco/New York Giants owners
January 0

**January 0** does not exist in any calendars. It sometimes refers to December 31.

## In an ephimeris 
January 0 also refers to the day before January 1 in an  ephemeris. It keeps the date in the year for which the ephemeris was . It avoids any  to the previous year, even though it is the same day as December 31 of the previous year.

## Software 
In Microsoft Excel, the epoch of the 1900 date  is January 0, 1900.

## Similar dates 
* **February 30**, does not exist in Julian and Gregorian calendar, but it exists on Swedish calendar. February 30, 1951, is the last night of the world in Ray Bradbury's short story, "Last Night of the World".
* **February 31**, used on gravestones when the date is unknown.
* **March 0**, sometimes refer to February 28 or February 29.
* **June 31**, fictional date in the Soviet movie *31 June*.

## References
Dale Barnstable

**Dale Barnstable** (March 4, 1925 – January 26, 2019) was an American basketball player. He was born in Antioch, Illinois. He was banned for life from the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1951 for point shaving. He had a college career at the University of Kentucky before his career came to an abrupt end. He was drafted by the Boston Celtics in their 7th round pick.

Barnstable died on January 26, 2019 in Louisville, Kentucky at the age of 93.

## References
Renee Montoya

**Renee Maria Montoya** is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created for *Batman: The Animated Series* and was introduced into mainstream comics before the airing of her animated debut in 1992.

## Fictional character biography 
Renee Montoya was a detective from the Gotham City Police Department, assigned to the Major Crimes Unit who comes into contact with masked vigilante Batman. She is a lesbian and resigns from the police force, disgusted by its corruption. 

## In other media 
The character made her first live action debut on the first season of *Gotham* played by Victoria Cartagena. She will make her cinematic debut in the movie *Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)* portrayed by Rosie Perez.

## References
Jurnee Smollett-Bell

**Jurnee Smollett** (born **Jurnee Diana Smollett**, October 1, 1986) is an American actress and model. A child actress, she was known for her role on *On Our Own* (1994–1995). She played Eve in the 1997 independent drama movie ''Eve's Bayou*.

As an adult, Smollett has starred in the movies *The Great Debaters* (2007) and *Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor* (2013). 

In 2018, Jurnee was cast as DC Comics superheroine Black Canary in the DC Extended Universe, intended to make her first appearance in *Birds of Prey''.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jurrie Koolhof

**Jurjen Jacob (Jurrie) Koolhof** (10 January 1960 – 28 January 2019) was a Dutch international football striker and manager. Koolhof had a long and productive career, with 190 league goals. He was born in Beerta, Netherlands.

He played for a number of clubs in the Netherlands including S.C, Veendam, F.C. Groningen and PSV Eindhoven. Koolhof was the father of De Graafschap player Dean Koolhof, and tennis pro Wesley Koolhof.

Koolhof died on 28 January 2019 from a long-illness in Duiven at the age of 59.

## Statistics 
### Player 
### Manager 
## Honours 
With **PSV**
*Eredivisie (Dutch league) : 1985/1986, 1986/1987

With Vitesse Arnhem
*Eerste Divisie (Dutch first division) : 1988/1989

With **De Graafschap**
*Eerste Divisie (Dutch first division) :  1990/1991

## References
Wadati–Benioff zone

A **Wadati–Benioff zone** is an area within the Earth's crust where earthquakes frequently occur. The frequency of earthquakes in these areas is due to the convergence and subduction of tectonic plates.

According to the theory of plate tectonics lithospheric plates move towards each other along convergent plate boundaries. When two plates collide, one is often submerged below the other. They are referred as *downgoing* and *overriding* plates respectively.

When a downgoing plate (usually composed of oceanic lithosphere) submerges beneath an overriding plate shallow earthquakes occur at the plate boundary and deeper earthquakes occur in the downgoing plate as it sinks into the Earth. The deep earthquakes caused by the downgoing plate form the Wadati–Benioff zone. The deepest recorded earthquakes come from Wadati–Benioff zones and can extend to depths as much as 650&nbsp;km (400&nbsp;mi) deep.

## Discovery 
In 1935 Kiyoo Wadati published research on earthquakes with deep foci and how they are apt to take place near the edges of continents. Further analysis of earthquake foci and location was conducted by Hugo Benioff in 1945 where he developed a way to identify the boundary at which an earthquake was generated. The dipping zone of seismic activity that they helped discover was named in their honor.

## References 
### Other websites 
* https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=Benioff%20zone
* https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth520/node/1774
Pepe Smith

**Joseph William Feliciano Smith** (December 25, 1947 – January 28, 2019) was a Filipino singer-songwriter, drummer and guitarist. He was known by his stage names **Joey Smith** and **Pepe Smith**. He was known as a member of Juan de la Cruz Band. Smith was born in Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines.

Smith died on January 28, 2019 in a Manila hospital at age 71. Smith suffered his third stroke in 2017.

## References
Marianne Williamson 2020 presidential campaign

The 2020 presidential campaign of Marianne Williamson, a New Age author and spiritual leader, was announced on January 28, 2019, after the initial formation of an exploratory committee on November 16, 2018. 

Williamson's bid for the Democratic nomination is her second political campaign, after running as an independent to represent California's 33rd congressional district in 2014.

Williamson officially launched her presidential campaign in Los Angeles on January 28, 2019, in front of an audience of 2,000 attendees.

Following her Los Angeles announcement, she held her Iowa kickoff in Des Moines on January 31.

On January 2, 2020, Williamson laid off her entire campaign staff, speculating a possible withdrawal, in which one of her former staffers said that "...she plans to continue". After only appearing in one of the debates and with low poll numbers, Williamson ended her campaign on January 10, 2020.

In 2023, many former staffers from her 2020 campaign, who remained anonymous, said that her 2020 campaign was a toxic work environment and that Williamson had anger issues and was abusive to staffers.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hà Tiên

**Hà Tiên** is a city of Kiên Giang Province, Vietnam. It located in Mekong Delta in southern Vietnam. It borders Cambodia to the west. 

From a very early period, a settlement and a port seem to have existed in this area. Banteay Meas Port located in this area. At that time, it is a part of the Kingdom of Funan.

Hà Tiên is built by Chinese adventurer Mo Jiu (Mạc Cửu). Cambodian king appoints him the governor of Peam Province, and send him here. Hà Tiên is built as the capital of the province. In Khmer, Hà Tiên is called "Peam" (ពាម, lit. "river mouth"). Thai people call it "Phutthaimat" (พุทไธมาศ) or "Banthaimat" (บันทายมาศ). Some foreigners call it "Cancao". Later, Mo Jiu surrender to Vietnamese, Peam Province become Hà Tiên Province of Vietnam.

Hà Tiên is a popular tourist site of the region, because it has beautiful beaches and landscapes.

## References
James Wood (governor)

**James Wood Jr.** (January 28, 1741June 16, 1813) was an American military officer and politician. He was born in Winchester, Virginia. He was an officer of the  U.S. Continental Army during the American Revolution. Wood was the 11th Governor of Virginia from 1796 to 1799. Wood was replaced as Governor by future President James Monroe. He was a member of the Federalist Party.

Wood died on June 16, 1813 in Richmond, Virginia at the age of 72.

## References
## Other websites
**A Guide to the Governor James Wood Executive Papers, 1796-1799* at The Library of Virginia
**James Wood * at National Governors Association
*
Missing person

, mother of Amy Billig, holds a placard appealing for the information regarding her daughter nine days after her disappearance.]]
A **missing person** is a person who has disappeared and whose status as alive or dead cannot be confirmed as their location and condition are unknown. A person may go missing through a voluntary disappearance, or else due to an accident, crime or death in a location where they cannot be found (such as at sea), or many other reasons. In most parts of the world, a missing person will usually be found quickly. Criminal abductions are some of the most widely reported missing person cases.

## Reasons 
People disappear for many reasons. These are some reasons why someone may go missing by choice:
* Running away from home, often to escape from domestic abuse.
* Mental illness or other ailments. For example, a person with Alzheimer's Disease may wander out on their own, forgetting where they live, who their friends and family are, or even their own names.
* Hiding from the police or courts (known as failure to appear).
* Suicide in a location where they cannot be easily found.
* Joining a cult or other religious organization that stops them from talking to people in the outside world.  
* To escape poverty, famine or natural disaster.
* To avoid war or persecution during a genocide.

There are also reasons why someone may go missing without wanting to:
* Staying too long with a parent or guardian that they do not normally live with.
**Kidnapping
* Death by natural causes or an accident in a place where they cannot easily be found, such as in water.
* Getting sold into slavery.
* Murder, if the body is not found.
* In some countries, governments have carried out secret murders (known as forced disappearances).

Normally it is the police who search for a missing person. If someone goes missing at sea, they may instead call on the coast guard or a similar agency.

Most missing person cases that are reported to the police are simple cases, where the person is found quickly. In 1999, 800,000 children went missing in the United States, but only 115 cases were kidnapped by a stranger who wanted to keep them for a long period of time.

A small number of missing person cases are not solved for many years. These cases can be painful for friends and families, because they cannot be sure what happened to the person. In most countries, the law says that if someone has been missing for many years, the government can declare that the person is dead. This is known as "declaring death *in absentia*".
Sometimes there are cases of persons missing for no known reason:
*In 1953 a student at Miami University oxford Ohio Ronald Tammen disappeared from the Campus. In 1958 a unknown "John Doe" was found in Walker County, Georgia; a 2003 DNA test showed no connection between the two cases.
## References
## Other websites
*lostnmissing.com
*National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs.gov)
*Familylinks.icrc.org  Website for people looking for family members missing due to a conflict or natural disaster. International Committee of the Red Cross.
*Missing Children wiki
Mourad Medelci

**Mourad Medelci** (30 April 1943 – 28 January 2019) was an Algerian politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2007 to 2013. He was President of the Constitutional Council of Algeria from 2013 until his death in 2019. He was born in Tlemcen, Algeria.

Medelci died on 28 January 2019 in Algiers from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 75.

## References
McKenzie County, North Dakota

**McKenzie County** is a county of the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 14,704 people lived there. The county seat is Watford City.

## References
Morton County, North Dakota

**Morton County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 33,291 people lived there, making it the sixth-most populous county in North Dakota. The county seat is Mandan.

## References
Krishna Sobti

**Krishna Sobti** (18 February 1925 – 25 January 2019) was an Indian Hindi-language fiction writer and essayist.

She won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1980 for her novel *Zindaginama* and in 1996, was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship.

In 2017, she received the Jnanpith Award for her contribution to Indian literature.

Sobti died in New Delhi on 25 January 2019 from pneumonia at the age of 93.

## References
Birds of Prey (2020 movie)

***Harley Quinn: Birds of Prey***, previously known as **Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)**, is an American superhero comedy movie distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and based on the DC Comics team Birds of Prey.

It is to be the eighth movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) and a spin-off from *Suicide Squad* (2016). It will be directed by Cathy Yan from a screenplay by Christina Hodson. It stars Margot Robbie, Jurnee Smollett-Bell, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Rosie Perez, Ella Jay Basco, and Ewan McGregor.

The movie is set after the events of *Suicide Squad*, the movie is about Harley Quinn as she joins forces with Black Canary, Huntress, and Renee Montoya to save Cassandra Cain from Gotham City crime lord Black Mask and serial killer Victor Zsasz.

*Birds of Prey* is expected to be the first theatrically released R-rated movie in the DCEU. A teaser trailer, was released in January 2019. *Birds of Prey* is scheduled to be released in the United States on February 7, 2020.

## References
Huntress (Helena Bertinelli)

The **Huntress**, also known as **Helena Rosa Bertinelli**, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. She is a longtime member of the Birds of Prey. 

## In other media 
In the first two seasons of *Arrow,* Helena Bertinelli is played by actress Jessica De Gouw. The character made her cinematic debut in the DC Extended Universe movie *Birds of Prey* (2020), portrayed by Mary Elizabeth Winstead.

## References