open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lise Simms

**Elisabeth Caroline Simms** (born March 17, 1963 in southern Colorado), credited as **Lise Simms**, is an American actress, singer, and dancer.

## Biography
Lise grew up in southern Colorado. Her parents are Bill and Jacque Simms and is the sixth of nine children. Her brother, Tom Simms, is a Spanish teacher at Centennial High School. Lise graduated from Centennial High School in 1981, and from Oklahoma State University in 1985.

## Career
### Broadway and theater
Lise began her acting career at age 13. She started doing Broadway after graduating from high school and starred in numerous plays such as ''Other People's Money*, *Mame*, *Can-Can*, *Sweet Charity*, and *Bye Bye Birdie* during the 1980s. She was also a member of the original Los Angeles, California cast of *Beauty and the Beast* and toured around the world with *A Chorus Line'' in 1986.

### Television
Simms was the host of Style Network's *Area*. She had a recurring role on *Sunset Beach*, but is best known for her role as "Barbara Diffy", Phil's mom in the Disney Channel original series *Phil of the Future*, where she also played "The Timekeeper" in the episode "It's a Wonder-Phil Life". She had a recurring role as "Connie Wayne" in the soap opera *The Young and the Restless*, and made guest appearances on *Friends*, *Providence*, *MADtv*, *3rd Rock from the Sun*, *Star Trek: Voyager* and many others. She performed for President Ronald Reagan in 1988's *Great Performances at the White House* series, which aired on PBS. 

Most recently, Simms can be seen as co-host and interior designer on Home & Garden Television's *Desperate Spaces*. Simms works with co-host and designer Daniel Kucan to decorate a room of a home in just two days and with only $2,500. They choose 1 room from 3 deserving rooms in need. *Desperate Spaces* premiered January 1, 2008. 

Simms had a guest spot on the February 3, 2009 episode of *90210* as Ty's mother, Louise Collins.

### TV commercials
Simms has been in commercials for the game Jenga, the remedies Tums, Maalox, Advil, Bluefly, Post Cereal's Shredded Wheat, and Dairy Queen's "Moolate" shakes. At one time, she co-hosted an infomercial for Rug Doctor carpet cleaning products. Simms also hosted a infomercial for Franklin Wheel and won an Astrid Award. She had appeared in Disney Channel's *Express Yourself* segments with other Disney Channel stars.

## Filmography
* *Perry Mason: The Case of the Heartbroken Bride* (1992) - Female guest.
* *The Dentist* (1996) - Paula Roberts.
* *The Omega Code* (1999) - Talk show reporter.
* *Star Trek: Away Team* (2001) - T'Andoria.
* *Dragonfly* (2002) - Nephrology desk nurse.
* *Suits on the Loose* (2006) - Christine.
* *Snow Buddies* (2008) - Meg.

## Television roles
* *Sunset Beach* (1997) - Nurse Kathy Baker (1998).
* *The Young and the Restless* (1973) - Connie Wayne (1999).
* *Area* (2002) - Host.
* *Phil of the Future* (2004) - Barbara Diffy.
* *Desperate Spaces* (2008) - Host.
### Guest appearances
* *90210* (2009) - Louise Collins.
* *iCarly* (2008) - Mrs. Linda Peeloff.
* *ER* (2006) - Emcee.
Crawford County, Arkansas

**Crawford County** is a county found in the state of Arkansas.  At the 2020 census, 60133 people lived in Crawford County.

## Cities and towns 
These are the cities and towns of Crawford County:

## References 
## Other websites 
* Crawford County government's website
Beetlejuice (movie)

***Beetlejuice*** is a 1988 American fantasy-comedy-horror movie directed by Tim Burton. The movie stars Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Jeffrey Jones, Catherine O'Hara, Winona Ryder and Michael Keaton as Beetlejuice. A sequel, *Beetlejuice Beetlejuice*, was released in 2024.

## Plot
Barbara (Geena Davis) and Adam (Alec Baldwin) Maitland decide to spend their holiday decorating their New England country home. Driving back from a trip to town, they crash the car and are killed. The story carries on with the couple going home as ghosts but they at first do not know that they are dead.

The couple's house is then sold and in move the new owners from New York City. The Deetzes, who are Charles (Jeffrey Jones) and his wife Delia (Catherine O'Hara), her friend Otho (Glenn Shadix) and Charles' goth daughter Lydia (Winona Ryder) from his first marriage. The new couple then start to make changes to the house which upsets the ghosts. The Maitlands then try to scare the new owners out of the house but they are not good at scaring people.

The ghosts can't be seen by anyone in the house other than by the daughter Lydia, with whom they become friends. They try to get a bad ghost to scare the new family out of the house and ask Beetlejuice to do it for them. But all he wants to do is marry Lydia so that he can come back to life.

## Cast
* Alec Baldwin and Geena Davis as Adam and Barbara Maitland: A young, married couple who are killed in a car accident.
* Winona Ryder as Lydia Deetz: Daughter of Charles Deetz and stepdaughter of Delia Deetz, a goth adolescent. She is the only one of the family who can see the Maitlands and quickly befriends them.
* Catherine O'Hara as Delia Deetz: Wife of Charles and stepmother to Lydia and a sculptor.
* Jeffrey Jones as Charles Deetz: A successful builder
* Glenn Shadix as Otho: Delia's friend and ghost expert
* Sylvia Sidney as Juno: Social worker for the dead.
* Michael Keaton as Beetlejuice: The bad ghost in the movie.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Medical abortion

A **medical abortion** is an abortion where drugs are used to induce the abortion. In the 1970s, such abortions became an option to end the pregnancy during its first trimester.  The drugs most often used in 2009 were mifepristone and methotrexate, either alone or in combination with a prostaglandin. In the United States, the mortality rate for medical abortion is 14 times lower than the mortality rate for childbirth. In the first trimester, the patient can the drugs used for medical abortion can take the drugs safely at home, without assistance.  Starting with the second trimester, it is recommended to take the second drug in a clinic or provider's office.

## Related pages 
* Birth control

## References
Natasha Richardson

**Natasha Jane Richardson** (11 May 1963 – 18 March 2009) was a Tony Award-winning English stage and movie actress.

## Life and career 
Richardson was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and movie director and producer Tony Richardson. She was the granddaughter of Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson. In 1994, she married Liam Neeson. Together, they had two children, Micheal (born 1995) and Daniel (born 1996).

Early in her career she portrayed Mary Shelley and Patty Hearst in movies. She received critical acclaim and a Theatre World Award for her Broadway debut in the 1993 revival of *Anna Christie*. She won the Tony Award for "Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical", the Drama Desk Award for "Outstanding Actress in a Musical", and the Outer Critics Circle Award for her performance as Sally Bowles in the 1998 Broadway revival of *Cabaret*. 

Some of her best known movies included *Nell* (1994), *The Parent Trap* (1998 remake) and 
*Maid in Manhattan* (2002). 

## Death 
Richardson died in  a hospital in New York City on March 18, 2009. She did not recover from brain damage that happened in a skiing accident in Quebec, Canada. She was on vacation with her two sons.

## References
La Nuestra Tierra

***La Nuestra Tierra*** (*Our land*) was a weekly newspaper edited by the IDEL (Leonese Studies Institute) between 2000 and 2004. Its content was mainly about Leonese territory and a 30% of it was written in Leonese language, from opinion articles to information in Leonese language. 

This publication edited 162 numbers, and was supported by the European Union and the Leonese public administrations.
East Punjab

**East Punjab** used to be a region of India because it was separated from West Punjab, which became a part of Pakistan by the Radcliffe Line after India was divided in 1947. It is now known as **Indian Punjab**. It existed between 1947 and 1966, comprising the present-day states of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Chandigarh. It had an area of 200,037 km² and today it would have had an combined population of 70,913,826.

## References
Caraway

**Caraway** (*Carum carvi*) (Ar. كراويه), also known as **meridian fennel** and **Persian cumin**, is a biennial plant with spicy-tasting seed in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and western Asia.

Caraway was used to make the spiced wine, claret, in the Middle Ages.
Mazandarani language

**Mazandarani is a language with 20.43 native speakers and 17.51 native Mazandarani speakers as of 2025, it is also known as Mazani, Mazeruni, Tabaristani, Tabarei, Goleshi, Geleki, Mazandaruani, Mazandaruni, Tabari, aka combonation of Hyecen/Gorgani/Varkani&Tapuri/Tapori/Tapouri (in Mazandarani: ماٚٓزنی).** It is spoken in Caspie region of Iran. Areas that use it are: Mazandaran &  Golestan, & Tehran all mainly & Semnan & Qazvin & Alborz & Gilan & Qum partly.  Mazandarni is the 2nd oldest language in the world after Gilaki, their difference is 100 years or so.https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mzn/ 

## Script and alphabet 
Mazandarani language was written in the Pahlavi alphabet in the early centuries of Islam. The language uses the Mazani alphabet.

## Literature 
Mazandarni language has the oldest literature among local languages in Iran. Among books written in this language are:
* Translation of Anything almost 
* Marzbananme
* Nikiname
Ef (Cyrillic)

**Ef** (**Ф**, **ф**) is the nineteenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [f].

It comes from the Greek letter phi, and is equal to the number 500.

## Related pages
* Phi (letter)
Kha (Cyrillic)

**Kha** (**Х**, **х**) is the twentieth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [x].

It comes from the Greek letter chi and stands as the Roman letters H and X.

## Related pages
* Χ, χ - Chi (Greek)
* H, h (Roman)
* X, x (Roman)
Tse (Cyrillic)

**Tse** (**Ц**, **ц**) is the twenty-first letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [ts]. Its   form is *ц*.

It stands for the Roman letter C.

## Related pages
* C, c (Roman)
* Џ, џ - Dzhe (Cyrillic)
Sha (Cyrillic)

**Sha** (**Ш**, **ш**) is the twenty-third letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [ʃ]. Its   form is *ш*.

It comes from the Hebrew letter shin. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as *sh* in English, *sch* in German, *ch* in French, *ş* in Turkish, *sz* in Polish and *š* in most Slavic languages (Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Slovene, Croatian) using Gaj's latin aphabet.

## Related pages
*Shin (letter)
*Щ, щ - Shcha (Cyrillic)
Mikroglottika

***Mikroglottika - An International Journal of Minority Languages Philologies***, is a language scientific magazine about minority languages. The word *Mikroglottika* means *minority language studies*.

It encourages studies about minority languages philology, as phonology, syntax, lexicon and related topics.

It is edited by Peter Lang in Germany. Teachers from Universities of several European countries also contribute.
Its Yearbook 2008 has content about these languages:

* Basque
* German
* Leonese
* Luxemburgian
* Ukrainian

## References
## Other websites
* Mikroglottika web site
Jonathan Ross

**Jonathan Stephen Ross** OBE (born 17 November 1960) is a British television and radio presenter.  He is currently a judge on the musical competition show *The Masked Singer* (2020–present) and its spin-off series *The Masked Dancer* (2021–present).

Ross was born in St Pancras, London and raised in Leytonstone, London. His mother is Martha Ross. Paul Ross, Simon Ross and Miles Ross are his brothers.

Ross has worked a lot on the BBC. On the BBC One television channel, Ross presented *The Film Programme* from 1997 and his own talk show, *Friday Night with Jonathan Ross* from 2001. He presented a radio show on BBC Radio 2 beginning in 1999. Ross decided to stop presenting all three shows and leave the BBC in 2010. He began presenting a new talk show, *The Jonathan Ross Show* on ITV1 on 3 September 2011.

Ross is known for his difficulty in pronouncing the letter "r", which sounds more like the sound of a "w" in his speech. Ross was first on television in 1970 in an advert for Kellogg's Rice Krispies.

## Personal life
Ross married Jane Goldman in 1988. The couple have two daughters and a son.

## Other websites
*
*
Unsafe abortion

An **unsafe abortion** is an abortion which is not done by a person which has the skills to do them (a licensed doctor), or in a place that does not meet at least basic standards of hygiene. Unsafe abortions can be very dangerous to the mother. Many women die or get a disease because they had an unsafe abortion. About 95 percent of unsafe abortions happen in developing countries.

## Method
Two very common ways that unsafe abortions are done are:
*Trying to break the amniotic sac inside the womb. This can be done with a sharp stick or wire (for example a clothes hanger). This method can cause the woman to go in to toxic shock and die.

## How many unsafe abortions there are by continent
Source: Unsafe Abortion: Mortality and Risk Estimates of Death data from WHO press, Geneva, 1997

10,000 women a year die from unsafe abortions in Nigeria.
## References
Geena Davis

**Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis** (born January 21, 1956) is an Academy Award, Golden Globe-winning and Emmy-nominated American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model. Geena Davis is also a member of Mensa International.

## Personal life 
From 1982 until 1983, Geena Davis was married to Richard Emmolo.

From 1987 until 1990, she was married to Jeff Goldblum.

From 1993 until 1998, she was married to Renny Harlin.

On September 1, 2001, she married Reza Jarrahy. They have three children, daughter Alizeh Keshvar Davis Jarrahy (born on April 10, 2002) and twin sons Kian William Davis Jarrahy and Kaiis Steven Davis Jerrahy (born on May 6, 2004). 

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
## Other websites 
* 
*
Hysterotomy abortion

A **hysterotomy abortion** is a form of surgical abortion. In a hyterotomy abortion, the womb is opened, and the fetus is removed. This is similar to a Caesarean section, but requires a smaller cut.

This method has the greatest risk of complications out of all the abortion procedures.  It is only used where other methods can or should not be done. It is used between the 12th and 24th week of pregnancy.

## References
Duke of Devonshire

**Duke of Devonshire** is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the aristocratic Cavendish family. This branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the richest and most influential aristocratic families in England since the 16th century, and have been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Earls of Derby and the Marquesses of Salisbury. 

## Further reading
* Pearson, John. *The Serpent and the Stag*. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1984.

## References
* Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
* www.thepeerage.com

## Other websites
* An Online Gotha - Devonshire 
* Chiswick's local search engine
Secretary of State for Transport

The **Secretary of State for Transport** is the member of the cabinet responsible for the British Department for Transport.  The role has had a high turnover as new appointments are blamed for the failures of decades of their predecessors.  The office used to be called the Minister of Transport, and has been merged with the Department for the Environment at various times.
Duke of Gloucester

, the current Duke of Gloucester]]

**Duke of Gloucester** () is a British royal title (after Gloucester), often conferred on one of the sons of the reigning monarch. The first four creations were in the Peerage of England, the next in the Peerage of Great Britain, and the last in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; this current creation carries with it the subsidiary titles of Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden.

## Other websites
*Duke of Gloucester
Edinburgh Trams

The **Edinburgh Trams** project is a scheme to build a new tramway in Edinburgh, Scotland.  Local public transport had been limited to buses since the closing of the city’s previous Edinburgh Corporation Tramways system on 16 November 1956.Edinburgh Trams is a tramway in Edinburgh, Scotland, operated by Edinburgh Trams Ltd. As of 2017 it is a 14-kilometre line between York Place in New Town and Edinburgh Airport, with 16 stops. Construction began in June 2008, and after encountering delays it opened on 31 May 2014.

## Related pages
*Transport in Edinburgh
*Edinburgh Corporation Tramways (closed in 1956)
*Light Rail Transit Association
*Scottish Tramway and Transport Society
*List of Tramways in Scotland
*Edinburgh Airport Rail Link

## Other websites
*Edinburgh's Official Tram Time web site
*Leith Business Association  Business Owners affected by the implementation of the tramway
*Auditor Generals Report on Tram Scheme
*Edinburgh Tram (Line One) Bill Committee 
*Edinburgh Tram (Line Two) Bill Committee 
*Edinburgh Tram (Line One) Act 2006
*Edinburgh Tram (Line Two) Act 2006
Durand Line

and British India. It was named Mortimer Durand, a civil servant of colonial British India.]]
The **Durand Line** is the international  land border between Afghanistan and Pakistan in South-Central Asia. It was established after an 1897 memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.  Referred to as a frontier line, it is named after Mortimer Durand, who was the Foreign Secretary of colonial British India at the time. Later, Abdur Rahman Khan's successor, Amir Habibullah Khan signed a new agreement with Britain which again confirmed the legality of the Durand Line. Article 5 of this treaty, on the basis of which Afghanistan reclaimed its independence, says that Afghanistan accepted all previously agreed border arrangements with British India.  Hence, Afghanistan as an independent country recognized Durand line as an international border.

The Durand Line cuts through the Afghan tribal areas, politically dividing ethnic Pashtuns and Baloch people who live on both sides.  The line is internationally recognized by most countries as the western border of Pakistan, but Afghan governments after 1947 never recognized it.

Afghan Pashtun leaders claim Pakistani territories and say that the Durand Line is "an issue of historical importance for Afghanistan. The Afghan people, not the government, can take a final decision on it." Similarly, Pakistani Pashtuns have also recognized Durand line as international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. In 2017 President Hamid Karzai said Afghanistan "will never accept" the Durand Line.

## Related pages
*Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflicts

## References 
## Further reading
*History and arguments on the Durand Line

## Other websites
*Pak-Afghan Relations: The Durand Line Issue  Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad
Street furniture

, England]]
, UK. The Ammonite-design streetlamps reflect the town's location on the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage site.]]

**Street furniture** is the equipment on streets and roads mostly for the safety of people and their information. The term is most used in the UK, Canada and Australia.

It includes benches, bollards, post boxes, phone boxes,  street lighting, traffic lights,  traffic signs,  bus stops, grit bins, tram stops, taxi stands, public lavatories, public bookcases, fountains and memorials, and waste receptacles. 

An important consideration in the design of street furniture is how it affects road safety.

## Related pages
* Roads
* Pedestrian crossing
Henri Poincaré

**Jules Henri Poincaré** (29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician and scientist. He was described as a "monster of mathematics " when still a child. Many people think he was the last person to understand all branches of mathematics before the subject became too big for anyone to do this. 
## Family
He came from a clever family, his father was a professor of medicine and his cousin, Raymond Poincaré became president of France. He was sick as a child and for many years he had to be taught at home by his mother.
## Works
He used his mathematical skills to look at some of the biggest problems in science in his day. He was the first person to describe in mathematical terms how three planets in orbit affect each others paths as they pass near by one another. This was called the Three Body Problem. He also tried to understand why the speed of light seems to be the fastest speed at which anything can travel in the universe. In some ways he beat the famous scientist Albert Einstein to solving this question, but Einstein gave a more complete answer. He gained fame for the discovery of the theory of relativity instead of Poincaré.

He created the Poincaré Conjecture, one of the most famous problems in mathematics which was only solved 100 years later. He began the branches of mathematics which are known today as chaos theory and topology.

He also wrote about science in a simple way that ordinary people could understand.
Zieria adenophora

The **Araluen Zieria** (*Zieria adenophora*), is a small shrub found in only one place, on a slope above the Araluen Creek, near Araluen, New South Wales, Australia. In 2001 there were only 56 known plants. The plant has flowers in spring, from August to October. It also has small green leaves which are trifoliate, as being in three parts like a clover leaf. The leaves have a strong smell.

## Where they grow
The plants have only been found near the Araluen Creek. They are growing on a steep, rocky, hillside. These plans include:
* A fence to keep out wild goats
* Stopping any building or disturbing the site
* Studying the plant
* Trying to grow new plants in other places
* Looking for the plants in other places.

## Other websites
* Photo of the Araluen Zieria from the Australian Plant Image Index

## References
Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War I)

The **Jagdgeschwader 1** was a German flying command of the First World War. 

The first commander of this group was Manfred von Richthofen. After his death in April 1918, Wilhelm Reinhard became the second commander. The third and last commander of this group was Hermann Göring.

This flying command is also called "The Red Baron".
Michael Barrymore

**Michael Barrymore** (born 4 May 1952) is an English comedian and light entertainer. He presented shows including *Strike it Lucky* and *My Kind of Music*. He married Cheryl Cocklin (1950-2005) in 1976. In 1995, he announced he was gay. She divorced him in 1997.

He was in trouble after Stuart Lubbock was found dead in his swimming pool in 2001. In 2015, the police admitted that Barrymore was wrongfully arrested. In August 2017, was said to have sought £2.4million  as compensation, after the judge ruled that he was entitled to more than 'nominal damages' from Essex Police of wrongful arrest that 'destroyed his career'.

He used to have late night chats with Diana, Princess of Wales when he had trouble with alcoholism. In 2006, he was a housemate in Celebrity Big Brother, in its fourth season. In 2008, he has returned to the theatre and was in a play as Spike Milligan. In 2010, he stated that he is bisexual and in a relationship with a woman.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Tripod

**Tripod** is a word generally used to refer to a three-legged object, usually one used as a platform of some sort, and comes from the Greek *tripous*, meaning "three feet". 

**Tripod** may also mean:
* A camera's stand
* A portable crane (machine)
* Visual Basic, whose forerunner was called tripod
Che (Cyrillic)

**Che** (**Ч**, **ч**) is the twenty-second letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [tʃ]. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as *ch* in English and *tch* in French.

It is read as "č" for words like "swi**tch**" or "**ch**ange" The letter also is used for the "tch" sound. 

## History 
The name for the letter "Che" appears to come from the word for "worm" or "чрьвь (*črĭvĭ*)"

In the Cyrillic numeral system, Che has a value of 90.

## Usage of Che 
### Slavic Languages 
In every Cyrillic Slavic language except Russian, che represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate /tʃ/.

In Russian, the che is more similar to the Mandarin Chinese Pinyin sound for "J" making the "/t͡ɕ/" sound.

In Serbian, the che makes more of a "tʂ" sound with the letter "Ћ" making a " /t͡ɕ/" sound. 

## Related Characters 
* 4 is a numeral that is similar in shape to Che.
* C is a Roman and Latin letter similar to pronunciation of che.
* Č is a Latin letter and sound identical to Che.
* Ҷ is a Cyrillic letter almost identical to Che.
* Ӵ is a Cyrillic letter almost identical to che.
* Ҹ is a Cyrillic letter almost identical to Che.
* Ꚇ or "double che" is a Cyrillic and Old Abkhaz letter similar to Che.

## Notes 
Ч used to have a role for 60 instead of Ѯ.

Ҁ used to have a role as 90.

## References
Skydiving

**Skydiving** is parachuting (jumping)  from an airplane for fun.  Skydiving can be done individually and with groups of people.  Training is required, in which one can obtain a license for. Skydiving also requires one to move their body in an efficient manner, as it will allow the skydiving to be more  controlled. This includes basic movements like fall rate, forward and backward, slides, turns, and  stability. Unlike most paratroopers, skydivers often wait until they are low, before opening the parachute. The jump can also be made from a helicopter or a balloon that is high enough in the sky.  Skydiving can be an exciting sport.

Skydiving includes free falling (usually from an airplane) through the air prior to opening a parachute.   Typically skydives are carried out from around 4,000m (or 12,500ft) offering 40 to 50 seconds of freefall time.  Longer free fall times can be achieved by exiting an aircraft at altitudes much higher than 4,000m, but very high jumps require pressurized air within the aircraft, and bottled oxygen for the diver. 

During a skydive, total freedom and control of the air can be enjoyed as well as many complex and spectacular maneuvers including flat turns, somersaults and formation skydiving.  Skydiving can be enjoyed either as an individual - doing solo(alone) jumps - or as part of a team carrying out formation skydiving. Usually the term ‘skydive’ refers to the time spent in freefall from exiting an aircraft to deploying a parachute, but skydiving also includes disciplines such as accuracy landings and canopy formation flying, which concentrate on the time spent after a canopy has been deployed

## Notable skydives 
* Captain Joseph Kittinger recorded the highest skydive from a height of almost 102,800 feet (31.3 km) in 1960. 
* The youngest to accomplish the feat of skydiving was four years old. 
* On 6th of February 2004, a group of 357 skydivers joined hands and stayed in that formation for 6 seconds in Takhli, Thailand.
* The oldest person to skydive till date was Kathryn “Kitty” Hodges, 103 years and 129 days old.

## Related pages 
* BASE jumping
* Hang gliding

*
The White Tie Affair

**The White Tie Affair** was an American rock-pop and alternative music group. The White Tie Affair formed in 2006 and is currently formed by Christopher Wallace - vocals, Sean Patwell - programming and guitar, Ryan McLain - keyboards and synth, and Timothy McLaughlin - drums. They released their hit debut studio album April 22nd, 2008 called *Walk This Way*. The band is famous for the single "Candle (Sick & Tired)". Other songs include "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right", "Take It Home", and "If I Fall". White Tie Affair has been recording songs since 2006. 

## Albums
* Walk This Way
* Scene Change
* Get in Where You Fit In

## Songs
* Candle (Sick & Tired)
* Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right
* The Letdown
* Take It Home
* If I Fall
* The Price of Company
* You Look Better When I'm Drunk
* She Knows
Jill Dando

**Jill Wendy Dando** (9 November 1961 – 26 April 1999) was an English television presenter and journalist who worked for the BBC. On April 26, 1999, she was assassinated outside her home in London by a lone gunman.

## Early life
Jill Wendy Dando was born on November 9, 1961 to Jack Dando (February 1918 – February 2009) and Winifred Mary Jean Hockey (August 1918 – January 1986). She has an older brother, Nigel, worked as a journalist for BBC Radio Bristol before retiring in 2017. Before working for the BBC, he worked as a journalist in local newspapers. Jill grew up in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. She moved to London in the 1980s.

## Career
Dando worked as a journalist and newsreader. She presented the travel programme *Holiday* as well as *Crimewatch*. She was engaged to Alan Farthing for the last few months of her life.

## Death
On the morning of 26 April 1999, Dando left her partner's home in Chiswick, London. She then travelled by car to the house she owned at 29 Gowan Avenue, Fulham. As Dando got to her front door at about 11:32 BST, she was shot once in the head. Her body was found about fourteen minutes later by neighbour Helen Doble. Police were called at 11:47. Dando was taken to the nearby Charing Cross Hospital where she was dead on arrival at 13:03.

Forensic firearm examination showed that Dando had been shot by a bullet from a 9mm Short calibre semi-automatic pistol. Police ballistics checks showed that a blank firing pistol illegally turned into a firearm was used.

### Trial
Barry George was convicted of her murder in 2001. He was freed in 2008 when his retrial found him not guilty. Nobody else has been arrested for Dando's murder.

## References
## Related pages
*Cold case
*Image of Dando
Take It Home

***Take It Home*** is a song from the hit debut album by The White Tie Affair called *Walk This Way*. The song was not  required to be an official single, but did has hit airplay.
Greene County Viaduct

The **Greene County Viaduct** is a  long train bridge in Greene County, Indiana,US. It is about  from Bloomington  between Solsberry and Tulip. It is officially known as **Bridge X75-6** and also known as the **Richland Creek Viaduct** and the **Tulip Trestle**.  Work on the bridge started on May 22, 1905. The groundbreaking ceremony was led by Joe Moss. It was finished in December of 1906. The bridge is the third longest bridge of its kind in the world. It has 18 towers for support. The original cost of the bridge was $246,504. It was estimated to be around $20 million in 2004 dollars. Two 45 foot sections were added to the bridge in 1916. Other than that, the bridge is as it was when it was originally constructed. 

The bridge was built by the Indianapolis Southern Railway and successor Indianapolis Southern Railroad. That company became a part of the Illinois Central Railroad in 1911. It is now part of the Indianapolis-Newton, Illinois line of the Indiana Rail Road.

## Specifications 
*Length: 
*Tallest point: 
*Location: 

## Other websites 
*http://www.bloombank.com/dept/pr/community/viaduct.html 
*http://www.bloomingpedia.org/wiki/Greene_County_Viaduct
*http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/etext/hoosier/HI-04.html 
*http://www.nlcs.k12.in.us/oljrhi/brown/viaduct/viaduct.htm 
*http://www.lindaklong.com/viaduct.php 
*http://www.ingenweb.org/ingreene/illinois_central/greene_trestle.htm 
*http://www.flickr.com/photos/w9ned/sets/72157605412542006/
Sex doll

]]
 of a low end model]]

A **sex doll** (also called **love doll** or **blow up doll**) is a sex toy. It has the size of a sexual partner, and should help with masturbation. 

Basically, there are two variations:
* Inflatable dolls; they can be filled with air before use
* Those modelled after mannequins; more expensive, but more realistic. 

The openings in sex dolls are often fitted with vibrators. Prices for sex dolls range from about ten euros for an inflatable one, to several thousand euros for models with realistic skin.

Sex dolls can be used to bridge a period of loneliness. When the love of sex dolls becomes a fetish, this is known as pygmalionism or agalmatophilia.
Walk This Way (album)

***Walk This Way*** is a hit debut studio album released in April 2008 by the alternative rock band The White Tie Affair. The album contains singles like "Candle (Sick & Tired)", "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right", and "Take It Home". 

## Singles
* 2008 - *Candle (Sick & Tired)*
* 2008 - *Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right*
* 2009 - *Take It Home*

## Track Listing
# "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right"
# "The Letdown"
# "Candle (Sick & Tired)"
# "Scene Change"
# "Watching You"
# "The Enemy"
# "Take It Home"
# "Price of Company"
# "If I Fall"
# "The Way Down"
The Fly

**The Fly** can be any of the following:
* *The Fly* (George Langelaan)
** *The Fly* (1958 movie)
** *Return of the Fly* (1959)
** *Curse of the Fly* (1965)
** *The Fly* (1986 movie)
** *The Fly II* (1989)
BR Standard Class 8

The **BR Standard Class 8** is a single 4-6-2 *Pacific* steam locomotive made in 1954 for British Railways. It was named *Duke of Gloucester*. It was made to replace an engine that was destroyed in the  of 1952.

## Gallery

Image:Duke of Gloucester at Carmarthen - 2007-05-26.jpg|Duke of Gloucester on an enthusiast railtour at Carmarthen railway station, 26 May 2007
Image:71000 PenrithCU.JPG|71000 on the 9th of June 2007 approaching Shap at slow speed, taken just 5 minutes before the locomotive failed at Penrith. The locomotive was approaching the hill at slow speed and incapable of much traction.

## Sound 
* 71000 passing St Andrew's Junction

## References 
* 'British Railways standard 3 cylinder 4-6-2 express passenger steam locomotive No. 71000' (*HMSO, British Transport Commission*: London, 1957), p. [58] (Performance and efficiency tests, Bulletin No. 15)
*'British Railways standard class "8" locomotives' (*Engineer*: 1954, 197, 81)
* 'B.R. class 8 4-6-2 locomotive No. 71000' (*Locomotive, Railway Carriage and Wagon Review*: 1954, 60)
* 'British Railways prototype class '8" express passenger locomotive' (*Railway Magazine*: 1954, 100)
* Clarke, David: *Riddles Class 6/7 Standard Pacifics (Locomotives in Detail volume 5)* (Ian Allan: Hinckley, 2006) 
* Herring, Peter: *Classic British Steam Locomotives* (Abbeydale Press: London, 2000) Section "BR Standard Class 8" 
* Hopkins, Danny and Streeter, Tony: 'The Duke's Bad Day' (*Steam Railway Magazine*: 2007, 338)
* Langston, Keith: *Made in Crewe: 150 Years of Engineering Excellence* (Mortons Media: Horncastle, 2006), 
* Nock, O.S.: 'Performance and efficiency tests on B.R. class 8 locomotive' (*Engineer*: 1957, 204)

## Further reading
* Gilbert, Dr. P. T. (Ed.): *A Detailed History Of BR Standard Steam Locomotives. Volume 1. Background to Standardisation and Pacific Classes* (Railway Correspondence & Travel Society (RCTS): 1994) 

## Other websites 
* The 71000 Trust website - latest news and photos of the Duke of Gloucester 
* The Duke of Gloucester website - more detail and pictures
* Steam Special along the West Cumbria Coast 24th Feb and 10 March 2007
Barry George

**Barry George** (born 15 April 1960) is a British criminal who was wrongly held in prison for 8 years for the assassination of journalist Jill Dando. He later had a retrial. His murder conviction and sentence were overturned.

Barry George was born in London in 1960. He is mentally ill and has an IQ of 75. Prior to his trial, he was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and three personality disorders: antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic. When he was young he was a keen roller skater. He once leapt over a line of buses, using a ramp. He used to assume other names, calling himself Paul Gadd (Gary Glitter's real name) and Steve Majors. He also called himself Barry Bulsara and falsely claimed to be Freddie Mercury's cousin. (Mercury was born Farouq Bulsara).

In the early 1980s, he was convicted of impersonating a police officer, attempted rape and indecent assault. In 1983, he was arrested in the grounds of Kensington Palace whilst Prince Charles and Princess Diana were living there. George was carrying a knife, a rope and a poem which he wrote for Prince Charles. He also had photographs of himself in his flat with a mask and guns.

In 2000, he was arrested and charged with murdering Jill Dando. In 2001, he was convicted of the murder, but appealed his sentence. He was retried and found not guilty. Witnesses claimed he could not have killed her at 11.30am, because he was seen 20 minutes later much farther from her house than he could have been. George was released on 1 August 2008. In 2013 it was decided that George would not be given compensation for being put in prison for a murder he did not do.

George now lives in Ballincollig, County Cork.

## References
Comparison (grammar)

**Comparison**, in grammar, is a property of adjectives and adverbs.

Adjectives and adverbs take three degrees, such as *kind*, *kinder*, *kindest*.The first degree is **positive**:
: *Bill is **kind**.*
The second degree is **comparative**:
: *Bill is **kinder** than Joe.*
The third degree is **superlative**:
: *Bill is the **kindest** man I have ever known.*

Likewise, the use of *more* as in *more quickly* is comparative,
and the use of *most* as in *most quickly* is superlative.
Get in Where You Fit In

***Get in Where You Fit In*** was released as an EP in 2007. Songs were not released off this EP. Songs were known to be including "The Letdown", and "Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right". The EP was recorded by The White Tie Affair.

## Chart positions
## Sources
Biltong

**Biltong** is an edible dried, cured meat snack that originates from South African countries. To be more specific, this high protein snack is from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Namibia, Botswana, and Zambia. The word Biltong comes from the Dutch word ‘bil’ and ‘tong’ which respectively holds the meaning of ‘buttock” and “strip” or “tongue”. Biltong can be made of a variety of meats, though beef biltong is the most common one in modern times. Strip-cut beef fillets that are flat with muscle grains are used to make biltong. Due to this, biltong is usually slightly chewy. Biltong has traditionally been made of game meats such as kudu, springbok and wildebeest. You may also find biltong made of chicken, fish and ostrich meat.

## History 
Biltong has actually been around for centuries with its roots tracing back to South Africa. In a time before refrigerators and freezers, indigenous people needed a way to preserve extra meat for future meals. To do this, they used the basic resources at hand — knives to cut the meat, salt to flavor and preserve, and tree branches to hang the meat until it was dry.

The 17th century European settlers who arrived later saw the benefits of having a stock supply of food. They quickly adopted this method, adding their own ingredients of vinegar and saltpeter (potassium nitrate) to the meat-curing mix.

Then, in the 19th century, came the Dutch. In a mass migration known as the Great Trek, thousands of Dutch farmers hitched their wagons to avoid British rule in Cape Colony and moved into the inland of Southern Africa.

For this long journey, they needed food — something portable, something non-perishable, and something with sustenance. Biltong was their perfect solution.

They toted the preserved meat with them as they traveled, calling it “biltong”— a combination of the Dutch words “bille” (for buttock) and “tonghe” (for strip or tongue).

This marked the beginnings of biltong, now one of South Africa’s favorite meaty snacks.

File:Sliced_Biltong.jpg
File:Biltong Somerset Mall.jpg
File:Biltongshop.jpg
File: Biltong for sale.jpg

## References
Albumin

**Albumin** is the name for a number of globular proteins that can be dissolved in water. Albumin is found in blood serum. Albumin is also found in egg white. The albumin index is used to measure the freshness of an egg. It measures how far an egg spreads if broken on a flat smooth surface. The older an egg is, the further it spreads.

## References
Jeff Goldblum

**Jeffrey Lynn Goldblum** (; born October 22, 1952) is an American actor and musician. He has starred in some of the highest-grossing movies of his era. These include *Jurassic Park* (1993) and *Independence Day* (1996). 

Goldblum's first movie role was in *Death Wish* (1974). His early roles include *California Split* (1974), *Nashville* (1975), and *Annie Hall* (1977). He got wider attention for his roles in *Invasion of the Body Snatchers* (1978), *The Big Chill* (1983), and *The Fly* (1986). In 1996 he was nominated for an Academy Award for *Little Surprises*.

Jeff Goldblum was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for a guest appearance on *Will & Grace*. He also appeared in *Friends*, *Portlandia* and *Inside Amy Schumer*. In 2023, he was the host of his own series *The World According to Jeff Goldblum* (2019 - present). 

His jazz band released their first album, *The Capitol Studios Sessions*, in 2018.

## Movies
### Television 
## References
Liberal Christianity

**Liberal Christianity** is a term which is used for several movements in Christianity. These movements formed between the 18th and 20th century. Their philosophical and theological ideas have been influenced by those of Enlightenment. They are not *liberal* in a political sense. They want to remain independent from dogmas defined by the different Christian Churches. When Liberal Christians interpret the Bible, they reject Biblical inerrancy and Papal authority. A Liberal Christian may have certain beliefs that are the same as those of more conservative Christians. Well known proponents include Hans Küng, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Albert Schweitzer.

Conservative theologians and scholars strongly criticize Liberal Christianity’s rejection of orthodox doctrines and willingness to adapt to the modern era, claiming that it goes against traditional conceptions of Christian faith. Liberal Christianity has also been criticized for its pluralistic and relativistic leanings in theology. Modernism has been denounced by the Catholic Church as a heresy.

## Related pages
*Quaker
*Episcopalian
*Unitarian Universalism

## References
Tesseract

A **tesseract** is a 4-dimensional object with eight cells. Each cell is a cube. Together, each cell makes the surface of the tesseract. Unlike three-dimensional objects which rotate on both an axis and a plane (the plane being two dimensions and the axis being of the leftover dimension, height), a tesseract rotates on two planes, one made up of two dimensions, and another made up of the other two dimensions.

It is not possible to make a tesseract out of real materials. A tesseract is in four dimensions, but we can only move in three dimensions.

A Line is to the 1st dimension, Square is to the 2nd dimension, Cube is to the 3rd dimension, Tesseract is to the 4th dimension.

Due to tesseracts being 4D, it is impossible to completely accurately render it in a 3D universe, on a 2D screen. This is similar to how projecting a 3d cube to make an image always causes distortions, except in 3D we don't notice.

## References
Hysterectomy

A **hysterectomy** is surgery to remove the womb. This is usually done by a gynecologist. 
Women who undergo a hysterectomy can no longer bear children. Hysterectomies are done for certain forms of cancer of the reproductive system (affecting womb, cervix, ovaries), or tumors.

A woman may have her uterus removed because she has a tumor. A tumor can be cancer. Another type of tumor can be benign. The uterus may be removed because organs in the pelvic area have moved down. When organs move, the uterus may move down, too. A hysterectomy may be able to fix this problem. A hysterectomy can be done for other reasons. These are endometriosis, bleeding, and pain that does not stop.

When a woman has a hysterectomy other organs may be removed. Removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes can be part of the hysterectomy. 
## References
Harry Houdini

**Harry Houdini** (March 24, 1874 - October 31, 1926) was a Hungarian-born American magician and escapologist. He also  fake spiritualists and was a skeptic.

## Life and career
He was born in Budapest to Jewish parents and was named *Ehrich Weiss*, but changed his name to Harry Houdini when he became a professional magician. At first he did not have much success in his career. In 1899 his acts got better when he met his manager Martin Beck. Mr Beck was impressed with Houdini's handcuff stunts and within a year Houdini was famous.

Houdini also appeared in several early movies and made many early airplane flights. He made the first successful airplane flight in Australia, on 18 March 1910, in Victoria.

## Death
Houdini died in Detroit, Michigan, on October 31, 1926. Two weeks before his death, a college student approached Houdini and asked him if he could withstand a punch in the stomach, a challenge which Houdini often took, and the former punched him several times. 

## In Popular Culture
*In 1953 there  was a popular but fictionalized movie "Houdini" (with Tony Curtis as Houdini); its ending is that Houdini accidentally drowns trying to escape from a escape proof water trap. 
*A running gag in TV is that an evil magician is trying to steal Harry Houdini's "Magic Secrets":
**In the TV show "Simon & Simon" "Grand Illusion" Season 3 episode 1 9/29/1983 is the theme of stolen Notes of Harry Houdini and a ghostly magician
**In the cartoon The Real Ghostbusters episode "The Cabinet of Calamari" 9/30/1987 The Ghostbusters capture the ghost of Harry Houdini who keeps escaping from their traps; in a twist ending Houdini ghost not only rescuses Peter Venkman from a ghostly dimension but also help capture a dishonest magician who stole Houdini magic Secrets!

## References
## Other websites
*
*Houdini Tribute  400+ Photos, videos, multimedia, and hear Houdini's voice.
* 
* in 2010
*Harry Houdini: His Life and His Art
* 
*Wild About Harry—Website devoted to what's new in the world of Houdini; books, DVDs, auctions, movies, events, and pop culture references.
Jerry Fodor

**Jerry Fodor** (April 22, 1935 &ndash; November 29, 2017) was a philosopher. He mostly worked on the philosophy of mind and cognitive science, both of which are concerned with how the mind worked.

His studies have concerned themselves with the idea of whether thought is expressed in language or whether it is absurd to think so. Fodor also attempted to tie in the design of the brain to the thoughts held within. This is described by many as a return to the 19th century practice of phrenology, although Fodor offers more science to back his version up than phrenologists. It is these views which led other philosophers, such as Jared Cole and Daniel Dennett to describe Fodor's claims as absurd and out of date.

Fodor lived in Newark, New Jersey with his wife, Janet. He had two children and several cats. Outside philosophy he enjoyed opera and writes for the London Review of Books.

Fodor died in New York City of complications from Parkinson's disease on November 29, 2017 at the age of 82.

## References
## Works 
*Fodor, Jerry A. 1975. *The language of thought*.
*Fodor, Jerry A. 1981. *Representations: philosophical essays on the foundations of cognitive science*. The MIT Press. 
*Fodor, Jerry A. 1983. *The modularity of mind*. The MIT Press. 
*Fodor, Jerry A. 2000. ''The mind doesn't work that way:  the scope and limits of computational psychology''.  MIT Press.
Galilee

, in Upper Galilee]]
**Galilee** ( *ha-Galil*, lit: *the province*, Latin: *Galileia*,  *al-Jaleel*) is a region in northern Israel. It is traditionally divided into Upper and Lower Galilee. It is mentioned frequently in the New Testament.

Most of Galilee is rocky terrain, between  and  of altitude.The term Western Galilee is a modern one, it refers to the area in the west, near the sea. The capital of galilee is tiberias.

## Other websites