open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Give It Up

"**Give It Up**" is a song by the *Victorious* cast featuring American actress and singers Elizabeth Gillies and Ariana Grande from the soundtrack album *Victorious: Music from the Hit TV Show* (2011).

## Background
American actresses and singers Ariana Grande and Elizabeth Gillies started singing on a TV show called *Victorious* and their first song was "Give It Up". "Give It Up" was played for the first time *Victorious* during a one-hour special episode called "Freak the Freak Out" on November 26, 2010. In the episode, Tori Vega (played by Victoria Justice) and her friends were happy to go to a fake karaoke club called Karaoke Dokie, where there are singing contests every week. During a singing contest, Jade West (played by Gillies) and Cat Valentine (played by Grande) performed "Give It Up" together. However, the owner of the karaoke club changed the rules of the contest so that his daughter and her friend could win instead.

## Release and music
"Give It Up" was officially released on August 2, 2011, as the seventh track on the soundtrack album called *Victorious: Music from the Hit TV Show*. The music style of "Give It Up" is a mix of teen pop, pop, and R&B. Kristen S. Hé, who wrote for *Billboard* magazine, said that in "Give It Up," Grande sang with a different and deeper voice compared to her other songs.

## Reception
According to Xandra Harbet from *Looper* and Delilah Gray from *The List*, "Give It Up" is a very popular song for fans of *Victorious*. A person from *Entertainment Weekly* named Marcus Jones said that "Give It Up" is a very famous song that people like to sing when doing karaoke. Hé made a list of all the songs by Ariana Grande and put "Give It Up" at number 104. She said the song was similar to the music of Christina Aguilera and has aged well over time. She also believed that Gillies did the best singing in the song. Sam Margolis also from *Her Campus* put "Give It Up" at number one on her list of the best songs from *Victorious*. She said that Grande and Gillies showed what real talent is. William Ruhlmann from AllMusic did not like the song very much. He said that "Give It Up" sounds like a song that Britney Spears didn't want to use. Later that night, at a concert in Atlanta, Georgia, Grande surprised her fans by having Gillies on stage to perform "Give It Up" live. Grande also asked Matt Bennett, the actor who played Robbie in *Victorious*, to sing "I Think You're Swell" during the concert. "Give It Up" was also played in the background on two episodes of the TV show *iCarly*.

## Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from Tidal.

*Elizabeth Gillies vocals
*Ariana Grande vocals
**Victorious* cast associated performer
*Dena Chutnik background vocals
*Dan Schneider writer
*Michael Corcoranwriter, producer, engineer, associated performer
*CJ Abrahamwriter, producer, keyboards
*Brian Gardner mastering engineer
*Greg Wells mixing engineer

## Charts
## References
Bebe Daniels

**Bebe Daniels** was an American actress, singer, writer and producer. She was born in Dallas in 1901. She became an actress when she was a child. When she was nine she starred as Dorothy Gale in 1910 movie *The Wonderful Wizard of Oz*. When she was a teenager she became an actress in Cecil B. DeMille movies. After talkies became popular she started starring in musicals. She died in 1971.
Benzonatate

**Benzonatate** (other names **Tessalon**, **Perles**, **Zonatuss**) is an antitussive (cough suppressant) medicine used to help with coughing and hiccups. It is taken by mouth. People under ten years old should not use it. It starts working after around twenty minutes, and can last eight hours.

It can cause side effects such as being tired or dizzy, having stomach aches, or having hallucinations. It can also cause allergic reactions. Having too much benzonatate can cause seizures, heartbeats that are not normal (Arrhythmia), or even death. Chewing benzonatate capsules instead of just swallowing them can cause spasms in the lungs and shock. It works by numbing some nerves in the lungs.

## References
Dorothy Gale

**Dorothy Gale** is a fictional character created by L. Frank Baum for his book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and is the protagonist. She also appears many times in later books of the series.

## Portrayals 
* *The Wizard of Oz* (1902 stage musical): Anna Laughlin
* *The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays* (1908): Romola Remus
* *The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz* (1910): Bebe Daniels
* *His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz* (1914): Violet MacMillan
* *Wizard of Oz* (1925): Dorothy Dwan
* *The Wizard Of Oz* (1939): Judy Garland
* *Rainbow Road to Oz* (1957): Darlene Gillespie
* *Tales of the Wizard of Oz* (1961): Corinne Conley
* *Return to Oz* (1964): Susan Conway (speaking voice), Susan Morse (singing voice)
* *Journey Back to Oz* (1972): Liza Minnelli (voice)
* *Oz* (1976): Joy Dunstan
* *The Wiz* (1975): Stephanie Mills
* *The Wiz* (1978): Diana Ross
* *Return to Oz* (1985): Fairuza Balk
* *Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz* (1987): Janice Hiromi Kawaye
* *The Wizard of A.I.D.S.* (1988): Martha Murphy
* *The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz* (1990): Mariko Kouda
* *The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story* (1990): Courtney Barilla (as Dorothy Gage and Dorothy Gale)
* *The Wizard of Oz* (1991): Liz Georges (voice)
* *The Wizard of Oz*: Denise Van Outen British TV version.
* *The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True* (1995): Jewel
* *The Oz Kids* animated series (1996-1997): Erika Schickel
* *The Wizard of Oz* (2001 stage show): Nikki Webster
* ''The Muppets' Wizard of Oz* (2005): Ashanti
* *The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's* (2007): Lisa Vischer as Junior Asparagus as Darby (replacing Dorothy)
* *Tin Man (TV miniseries)* (2007): Zooey Deschanel as DG; Rachel Pattee & Alexis Llewellyn as Young DG; Grace Wheeler as the Grey Gale
* *The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)*: Danielle Hope and later Sophie Evans 2012 Toronto production Danielle Wade
* *The Witches of Oz* (2011): Paulie Redding
* *Dorothy and the Witches of Oz*: Paulie Rojas
* *Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz*: Grey DeLisle
* *After the Wizard*: Jordan Van Vranken as "Elizabeth Haskins"
* *Supernatural (US TV series)*: Tiio Horn as "Dorothy" (Episode: Slumber Party)
* *Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return*: Lea Michele
* *The Wiz Live!*: Shanice Williams
* *Dorothy Must Die* (2014 book): Danielle Paige
* *Lego Dimensions*: Laura Bailey
* *Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz*: Grey DeLisle
* *Emerald City*: Adria Arjona
* *Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz*: Kari Wahlgren
* *Lost in Oz*: Ashley Boettcher
* *The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part*: Maya Rudolph
* *Red Shoes and the Seven Dwarfs'': Katie DiCicco
Holy Diver

***Holy Diver*** is the first studio album by Dio, an American heavy metal band. It was released in 1983. In October 1982, Singer Ronnie James Dio had left Black Sabbath to make his own band. Black Sabbath's drummer, Vinny Appice, joined Dio, as well as bassist Jimmy Bain and guitarist Vivian Campbell. The band made the album in 1983, and released it on May 25.

*Holy Diver* is Dio's best selling album. Many critics liked the album, and it has been named one of the best heavy metal albums of the 1980s. It went to number 56 on the *Billboard* 200, an American music chart. It has been 2× certified platinum by the RIAA.

## Track listing 
## References
COinS

**ContextObjects in Spans** (**COinS**) is a way to embed references related metadata in the HTML code of web pages. This allows bibliographic software to publish machine-readable bibliographic items and client reference management software to retrieve references related metadata. The metadata can also be sent to an OpenURL resolver. This allows, for instance, searching for a copy of a book at a clearly particular library.

## References
Michael Hirsh (producer)

**Michael Hirsh** (born April 7, 1948) is a Belgian-born Canadian producer. He works at Canada-based studio Nelvana.

## Programming 
* Franklin
* Babar
* Pippi Longstocking
* Redwall
* The Adventures of Tintin
* Rupert
* Cardcaptors
* Stickin' Around
* Ella the Elephant
* World of Quest
* Pelswick
* The Doodlebops
* The Adventures of Tintin
* Braceface
* Fireman Sam
* The Berenstain Bears
* Corduroy
* Elliot Moose
* Max & Ruby
* Little Bear
* Rolie Polie Olie
* Maggie and the Ferocious Beast
* George and Martha
* Timothy Goes to School
* Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse
* George Shrinks
* Seven Little Monsters
* The Magic School Bus
Skyscrapers (1906 movie)

***Skyscrapers*** is a 1906 American silent movie. It stars Gene Gauntier and Jim Slevin.

## Actors
* Gene Gauntier
* Jim Slevin

## References
## Other websites
*
Mark Nicholson

**Magnus Douglas "Mark" Nicholson** (6 March 1871 - 3 July 1941 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England) was an English football player and coach of the late 19th century and one of the most important pioneers of football in Austria at the beginning of the 20th century. He played as defender.
## Career 
Mark Nicholson began his career in April 1889 at the age of 18 as a player for Oswestry Town. In May 1891 he signed a professional contract with West Bromwich Albion. He played his first league game against Everton in September 1891 . He made  67 appearances for the club. The highpoint as player was the win of the FA Cup on 19 March 1892 with a 3-0 win over Aston Villa. He left to take a job as deputy headmaster at a school in Bedford and continued his career at nearby Luton Town.

1897 he came to Vienna and played for First Vienna FC. Not only was he by far the best footballer in Vienna at the time and, as an absolute star, his club's box office magnet. He soon took over agendas as an organizer and functionary at the club. In the following  years that followed, he not only reformed the training and game design of Vienna, he also campaigned for the organization of the entire football game in Austria. In 1898, Nicholson organized the *Comité zur Veranstaltung von Fußball-Wettspielen* ( Soccer Competitions Committee). One of the first activities of this committee was organizing two matches of the Oxford University football team in  1899.

On 4 January 1900, this committee formed  the *Austrian Football Union*. Nicholson was the first president. The Union dissolved in 1904 due to its powerlessness compared to the clubs, especially First Vienna and the Vienna Cricketers. These clubs founded the Österreichischen Fußballverband  (Austrian Football Association) thepredecessor of today's ÖFB.

In the last game for Vienna, a friendly against FC Zurich, Nicholson even kept the goal. When Nicholson left Vienna  he retired as an Austrian football pioneer and the first honorary captain of the Vienna for life. Nicholson was no longer active as a football player after his time in Vienna, but he did as a referee in Hamburg and later as a cricketer in Paris.

In 1914 a Viennese football club was founded in the club colors blue and yellow with the name SC Nicholson which became FC Wien in 1933.
## Honours 
**West Bromwich Albion**
* FA Cup: 1891–92

**Vienna (player-coach)**
* Challenge Cup: 1898–99, 1899–1900

## References
Waiting at the Church (1906 movie)

***Waiting at the Church*** is a 1906 American silent comedy movie directed by Edwin S. Porter and stars Vesta Victoria and Alec B. Francis.

## Actors
*Vesta Victoria - Vesta
*Alec B. Francis - suitor

## References
## Other websites
*
Children's Reformatory

'''''Children's Reformatory''''' () is a 1907 French silent movie directed by Charles Decroix.

## Cast
* Briand as the orphan boy

## References
## Other websites
*
Daniel Boone (1907 movie)

***Daniel Boone*** is a 1907 American silent movie directed by Wallace McCutcheon and Edwin S. Porter and stars William Craven, Florence Lawrence, and Susanne Willis.

## Actors
*William Craven as Daniel Boone
*Florence Lawrence as Boone's daughter
*Susanne Willis
*Mrs. William Craven

## References
## Other websites
*
Ben Hur (1907 movie)

***Ben Hur*** is a 1907 American silent drama movie directed by Sidney Olcott and Frank Oakes Rose and stars Herman Rottjer, William S. Hart, and Gene Gauntier. The movie is based on the 1880 novel, *Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ* by Lew Wallace. Another silent movie on the same subject was made in 1925 and two sound movies on the same subject were made in 1959 and 2016.

## Actors
*Herman Rottjer
*William S. Hart as Messala
*Gene Gauntier	
*Harry T. Morey

## References
## Other websites
*
L'Enfant prodigue

'''''L'Enfant prodigue''''' is a 1907 French silent movie directed by Michel Carré and stars Georges Wague, Henri Gouget, and Christiane Mandelys.

## Actors
*Georges Wague
*Henri Gouget
*Christiane Mandelys
*Gilberte Sergy

## References
## Other websites
*
The Haunted Hotel

***The Haunted Hotel*** is a 1907 American silent comedy movie directed by J. Stuart Blackton and stars Paul Panzer and William V. Ranous.

## Actors
* Paul Panzer as The Traveller
* William V. Ranous as The Waiter

## References
## Other websites
*
The Pony Express (1907 movie)

***The Pony Express*** is a 1907 American silent drama movie directed by Sidney Olcott and stars Sidney Olcott, Robert Vignola, and Joe Santley.

## Actors
* Sidney Olcott
* Robert Vignola
* Joe Santley
* Fred Santley

## References
## Other websites
*
College Chums

***College Chums*** is a 1907 American silent comedy movie directed by Edwin S. Porter and stars Miss Acton, Miss Antoinette, and Edward Boulden.

## Cast
* Miss Acton	
* Miss Antoinette		
* Edward Boulden
* Katherine Griffith
* Mr. Kennedy		
* Mr. Kurtis

## References
## Other websites
*
David Caygill

**David Francis Caygill** CNZM (born 15 November 1948) is a former New Zealand politician. Cagle grew up in Christchurch.  From 2010 to 2019, he was one of the Public Authority's Nominated Magistrates at Climate Canterbury.

## References
Unmanned combat aerial vehicle

A **combat drone**, also called **attack drone**, **strike drone** or **unmanned combat aerial vehicle** is designed for military use. Sometimes it is just called a drone. It usually carries cameras and other instruments to gather information about the battlefield, and radios to communicate its information. It may also carry a bomb or other weapon, or none.

## Different drones
*The switchblade drone, a small drone that can be launched from a hand-held tube. It has a high-resolution camera. It can be used for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.
*Kamikaze drone or loitering munition. 

## Related pages
*Loitering weapon

## References
Claude C. Krijgelmans

**Claude C. Krijgelmans** (9 January 1934 – 5 December 2022) was a Belgian writer, translator and painter. Work of Krijgelmans in part of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp collection.

Krijgelmans emigrated to the United States. He died at home in Reston, Virginia in his sleep on 5 December 2022, at the age of 88.

## References
Rough Boy

"**Rough Boy**" is a 1986 song by ZZ Top and is the third single from their ninth studio album *Afterburner*. It went to number 12 in Poland, number 22 in France and the United States, number 23 in the United Kingdom and number 38 in Switzerland.
Evan Spiegel

**Evan Spiegel** (born June 4, 1990, Los Angeles) is an American entrepreneur, billionaire, co-founder and CEO of the Snapchat messenger and Snap Inc.

As of June 2021, he ranks 185th in the Forbes world list with a fortune of $12.2 billion. Now the billionaire's fortune is estimated at $2.8 billion (September 2022).

## Family 
Born in the family of lawyers John and Melissa Spiegel, who graduated from Yale and Harvard universities, respectively. Evan is the eldest child: in addition to him, the couple has two daughters - Lauren and Carolina. The family lived in the prestigious Pacific Palisades area of Los Angeles. Together with his parents, he was involved in charity work, regularly helping the poor. He attended Crossroads High School in Santa Monica. In 2007, Spiegel's parents divorced after 20 years of marriage.

## References
The Age of Reason

edition of Part I]]
***The Age of Reason; Being an Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology*** is a book written by the British and American political activist Thomas Paine. The book defends the philosophical position of deism, follows in the tradition of 18th-century British deism, and challenges the official religion and the authority of the Bible. It was published in three parts in 1794, 1795, and 1807. 

*The Age of Reason* was a best-seller in the United States, where it led to a resurgence of deism. However, it was not well received in Great Britain, where the public feared increased political radicalism as a result of the French Revolution.

*The Age of Reason* presents common deistic arguments; for example, it highlights what Paine saw as corruption of the Christian Church. He prefers reason to revelation, which leads him to reject miracles and to view the Bible as an ordinary book, rather than a text given by God. He promotes natural religion and argues for the existence of a creator god.
Snap Inc.

**Snap Inc.** is an American company that owns the Snapchat messenger, as well as other products: Spectacles smart glasses, Bitmoji and Zenly services. Founded on September 16, 2011 by Evan Spiegel and Bobby Murphy as Snapchat Inc., but rebranded on September 24, 2016 to its current name.

The founders own a combined 95% of voting shares. 

It was founded by Evan Spiegel.

## History 
On March 2, 2017 Snap Inc. was listed on the New York Stock Exchange at a price of $17 per share.

At the start of trading, the company's valuation reached about $33 billion. It was the largest offering by a US tech company since Facebook's IPO.

In June, Snap acquired map location-sharing service Zenly for $250 million to $350 million.

## References
Bustillo de la Vega

**Bustillo de la Vega** is a municipality found in the province of Palencia in the autonomous community of Castile and León in Spain.

## Sources
Warm Ways

"**Warm Ways**" is a 1975 song by British American band Fleetwood Mac and is the lead single from their 10th studio album *Fleetwood Mac*. It was not released as a single in the United States and did not chart in the United Kingdom.

## References
All Shook Up

"**All Shook Up**" is a 1957 song by Elvis Presley and went to number 1 in the United States for 8 weeks and number 1 in the United Kingdom. It went on to be covered by Suzi Quatro and Billy Joel for the 1992 movie *Honeymoon in Vegas*.
Paul Bartel

**Paul Bartel** (August 6, 1943 – May 13, 2000) was an American actor, writer and director. He was perhaps most known for his 1982 hit black comedy *Eating Raoul*, which he wrote, starred in and directed.
## Filmography
Bartel appeared in over 90 movies and TV episodes. These include such titles as *Eat My Dust* (1976), *Hollywood Boulevard* (1976), ''Rock 'n' Roll High School* (1979), *Get Crazy* (1983) and *Amazon Women on the Moon* (1987). He often co-starred with friend and former Warhol girl Mary Woronov; the pair appeared in 17 movies together, often as husband and wife.
## Directed movies
Bartel also directed 11 low-budget movies. In many of them he also acted in or wrote. He started in 1968 with the short *The Secret Cinema*.  He graduated to features in 1972 with the horror-comedy *Private Parts*.  He would go on to direct such cult films as *Death Race 2000* (1975), *Eating Raoul* (1982), *Lust in the Dust* (1985), *Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills* (1989) and *Dumb and Dumber'' (1994).
Tusya language

**Tusya**, also called **Tusian** is a language of Burkina Faso.

## Dialects
There are two dialects.

*Tir (North Tusian)
*Win (South Tusian)

The northern dialect is spoken to the north, east, and south of Orodara. The southern dialect is spoken in and around Toussiana.

## References
Kaiken

**Kaiken** is a dagger that was commonly used during the Edo period and the time of its creation was in the Tokugawa era and was a common weapon for the wives of Samurai to have when their husbands are fighting in a time of war. Further more, the Kaiken was also a weapon that was rather light and fairly easy to hide.

## References
Father's Lion

'''''Father's Lion'''* is an animated short film in the *Goofy* series. It was produced in Technicolor by Walt Disney Productions and released to theaters on January 4, 1952 by RKO Radio Pictures.

## Voice cast
* Goofy: Pinto Colvig
* Junior: Bobby Driscoll
* Lion: unknown

## Releases
*1952 &ndash; theatrical release
*1957 &ndash; *Disneyland*, episode #3.19: "The Adventure Story" (TV)
*c. 1983 &ndash; *Good Morning, Mickey!*, episode #48 (TV)
*c. 1992 &ndash; *Mickey's Mouse Tracks*, episode #58 (TV)
*1998 &ndash; *The Ink and Paint Club*, episode #1.47: "The Goofy Clan" (TV)

## Home media
The short was released on December 2, 2002 on *Walt Disney Treasures: The Complete Goofy''.

Additional releases include:
*1984 &ndash; "Cartoon Classics: Sport Goofy's Vacation" (VHS)
*1992 &ndash; "Cartoon Classics: Happy Summer Days" (VHS)
*2006 &ndash; "Walt Disney's Funny Factory with Goofy" (DVD)

## Notes
Mundeze

**Mundeze** is a constructed auxiliary language. Its creator is Djuna de Lannoy, a Spanish who lives in Belgium. He created the language to make international communication easier. The language was published in 2012.

## Grammar (how to use the language) 
Each word in Mundeze comes from a smaller word called a *root word*. A root word has a root and an ending. 

Here are some of the endings:
* *-e* : single noun (objects and things).
* *-y* : plural noun (more than one object).
* *-a* : adjective (words that describe objects).
* *-o* : adverb (words that describe how to do an action).
* *-i* : verb (action word), infinitive (like to go, to see, to find).

* Conjugation is optional and it is done with adverbs:
** *pretempo* or *preo*: for the past
** *nutempo* or *nuo*: for the present
** *postempo* or *poso*: for the future

To indicate the aspect, there are three adverbs, which are added before the verb:
* *jo* for a finished action
* *so* for an action that is happening at the same moment the person is speaking
* *vo* for an action that will happen in the future

## Other websites 
* Official website
YoungBoy Never Broke Again

**Kentrell DeSean Gaulden** (born October 20, 1999), known professionally as **YoungBoy Never Broke Again** or simply **NBA YoungBoy**, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He currently resides in Utah. 

NBA Youngboy has signed several artists including, Li Wavo, Lil Dump , Lil Tim, Lil Baby, Whogangdee ,Quando Rondo ,Herm the black sheep, and Meechy Baby.

## Career
After releasing six independent mixtapes between 2015 and 2017, Gaulden was signed to Atlantic Records.

His January 2018 single "Outside Today" went to number 31 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart. His first studio album *Until Death Call My Name* (2018) went to number 7 on the US *Billboard* 200.
In October 2019, Gaulden released the single "Bandit" with Juice Wrld. It became his first top-ten single.

His 2019 mixtape *AI YoungBoy 2* entered the *Billboard* 200 at number one.
His April 2020 mixtape *38 Baby 2* became his second chart-topping project to top the *Billboard* 200. Gaulden's second studio album *Top* (2020) followed as his third chart-topping project in less than a year.

In September 2021, *Sincerely, Kentrell* was released during his incarceration. It topped the charts again. It made him the third artist to have an album at the top of the charts while incarcerated (after rappers 2Pac and Lil Wayne). 
In August 2022, he released his fourth studio album, *The Last Slimeto*. It marked Gaulden's final studio album with Atlantic Records.

## Awards and nominations 
  

## References
Interpol Code 8

***Kokusai himitsu keisatsu Shirei dai 8-gō*** (国際秘密警察 指令第8号, *International Secret Police: Interpol Code 8*), also known as ***Interpol Code 8***, is a 1963 Japanese comedy-spy film directed by Toshio Sugie (en). It is the first installment of five films in the *Kokusai himitsu keisatsu* series, a parody of James Bond-style (en) spy movies.

## Plot 
A government official was killed in Saigon (en), South Vietnam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam), and Akimoto, a Japanese trading company employee who was in contact with the Vietnamese government (en), disappeared. ISP Jiro Kitami was dispatched to Japan from the International Secret Police Headquarters in Paris (en), claiming that Rudolf Kent, the German-American merchant of death, was involved in this incident. Kitami, along with Akimoto's colleague Natsuo Ezaki, stands up to defeat the Kent Gang and stopped them from shipping weapons (en) to the Viet Congs (en).

## Cast 
* Tatsuya Mihashi (en) as Agent Jiro Kitami
* Makoto Satō (en) as Natsuo Ezaki
* Yosuke Natsuki (en) as Akimoto
* Kumi Mizuno (en) as Saeko Kinomiya/Kurumiya
* Akiko Wakabayashi (en) as Mie Tsugawa
* Jerry Ito (en) as Rudolf Kent
* Seizaburô Kawazu as Managing Director Haitani
* Rie Taniuchi as Merry Sono
* Kiyoshi Kodama (en) as Anzai
* Tetsu Nakamura (en) as Bin Hoa
* Keiichi Taki as VC leader 
* Shin Otomo as Tan
* Jun Hamamura (en) as Nonozaki
* Hisaya Ito as Tejima
* Hideyo Amamoto (en) as Shū
* Shōji Ōki as Tatsumi
* Ed Keane as ISP Chief in Paris 
* Hiroshi Hasegawa as Drunk Huon
* Heihachiro Okawa (en) as Quyen 
* Kensuke Yairo as Detective A
* Kyoro Sakurai as Detective B
* Tadashi Okabe as Inspector A

※ Non-credited 
* Akira Tani, and Chico Lourant as Kent's sailors 
* Shoichi Hirose (en), Koji Uruki, and Jiro Suzukawa as Viet Cong guerillas 
* Koji Iwamoto as Club boy
* Akira Yamada, Kazuo Imai, Yasumasa Onishi, Seiji Onaka as Police officers 
* Sabel Jameel as Cafe master
* Ikuo Kawamura, Minoru Ito, Saburo Kadowaki, Junpei Natsuki, Hiroshi Akitsu, Masaaki Tachibana, Ryoji Shimizu, Osman Yusuf, Masahide Matsushita, Kamayuki Tsubono, and Kazuo Hinata as Male onlookers at the airport
* Tsurue Ichimanji as a Female onlooker at the airport
* Matsue Ono, Yoshio Katsube, Nobuo Katsura as Train passengers
* Ken Echigo as Dining car waiter 
* Keiji Sakakida, Ryutaro Amami as Club guests
* Ralph Jesser as Helmsman
* Chôtarô Tôgin as Tank truck driver
* Takashi Narita as a Police detective 
* Enver Altenbay as a Foreign man at the airport

## Staff 
* Producers: Tomoyuki Tanaka (en), Reiji Miwa
* Screenwriters: Ei Ogawa, Moriyuki Mafuji
* Director: Toshio Sugie (en)
* Cinematographer: Taiichi Kankura
* Composer: Yoshiyuki Kôzu
* Lighting Technician: Ichiro Inohara
* Sound Recording: Shoichi Fujinawa
* Still: Masao Soeda

## Simultaneous screening 
* Young Swordsman
David M. Apatang

**David Mundo Apatang** (born July 10, 1948) is a Northern Mariana Islander politician who has been the 11th and current Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands since 2025. He became the mayor of Saipan on January 12, 2015, and served until January 8, 2023. He was the Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands from 2023 until 2025. He was a Republican member of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives.

Apatang was elected lieutenant governor of the Northern Mariana Islands in the 2022 election on an independent ticket alongside Arnold Palacios.

Apatang became the 11th Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands after the death of Governor Arnold Palacios on July 23, 2025.

## References
Nancy Dahlstrom

**Nancy Dahlstrom** is an American politician. She has been the 15th Lieutenant Governor of Alaska since December 2022. She previously was a Republican member of the Alaska House of Representatives. She announced on November 14, 2023, that she would run for the United States House of Representatives in 2024, seeking to unseat incumbent Democrat Mary Peltola.

## References
U-Haul

truck]]
 van]]
**U-Haul** is a company that provides truck rentals and moving boxes. It has been active since 1945 and started from the need of it.

In 1945, Leonard Shoen and his wife wanted to move from Los Angeles to Portland and found out nobody would rent them an one-way trailer. Shoen, who had just gotten out from the US Navy from World War II, found a need to have families move locations on their own. He started U-Haul at that year, with the company comparing the trucks to the covered wagons of the early frontier.

The trucks were originally painted black and were hard to see, but were later painted orange and white when Shoen got hit in a four-way intersection.

People in California from 2021 had moved out so much that U-Haul ran out of trucks.  There is a lot of business from California and New York. There are also a lot of people moving into Chicago.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Alcalus rajae

The **king dwarf mountain frog** (*Alcalus rajae*) is a frog. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park in Indonesia.

## References
Scott Bedke

**Scott Conrad Bedke** (born April 27, 1958) is an American politician who is the Lieutenant Governor of Idaho since 2023. He was a member of the Idaho House of Representatives from 2001 to 2022. In December 2012, Bedke became the speaker of the Idaho House of Representatives.

## References
Caran d'Ache (company)

'''Caran d'Ache''' is a Swiss manufacturing company of art materials and writing instruments. The company, established in 1915, produces a wide range of products including colored pencils, graphite pencils, pastels, fountain pens, ballpoint pens, mechanical pencils, markers, gouache paints, and ink cartridges.
## Colors
The Trainer's Daughter or A Race for Love

'''''The Trainer's Daughter or A Race for Love''''' is a 1907 American silent movie directed by J. Searle Dawley and Edwin S. Porter and stars Edward Boulden, Miss DeVarney, and William Sorelle.

## Actors
* Edward Boulden
* Miss DeVarney
* William Sorelle
* Mr. Sullivan

## References
## Other websites
*
The Adventures of Dollie

***The Adventures of Dollie*** is a 1908 American silent movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Arthur V. Johnson, Linda Arvidson, and Gladys Egan.

## Actors
* Arthur V. Johnson as Father
* Linda Arvidson as Mother
* Gladys Egan as Dollie
* Charles Inslee as Gypsy
* Madeline West as Gypsy's wife

## References
## Other websites
*
Tennessee Governor's Mansion

The '''Tennessee Governor's Mansion** (also called The **Tennessee Residence''') is the official home of the governor of Tennessee and his family. It is a historic residence in Nashville, Tennessee. Construction of the mansion was finished in 1931. 

## References
The Airship, or 100 Years Hence

***The Airship, or 100 Years Hence*** is a 1908 American silent comedy-drama movie directed by J. Stuart Blackton and stars Florence Lawrence and J. Stuart Blackton.

## Actors
* Florence Lawrence as Airship passenger
* J. Stuart Blackton

## References
## Other websites
*
Georgette Jeanniot

**Georgette Jeanniot** (10 August 1895 - 9 November 1975) was a French swimmer in the 1900s and 1910s from Paris. She was a member of Ondine de Paris. She was specialized in the 100 metre freestyle.

## Career
On 28 July 1907 at the international Odines swimming competitions, finished third in the international 60 metre race with handicap. She won that day the under-13 50 metre event in a time of 51:4. On 22 September she competed at the first women's breaststroke competition and finished third. The next month she went with four other girls and five boys to the international Entente Cordiale meeting for schoolchildren. At the 1908 Joinville-le-Pont international swimming competition she finished third in the 50 metre race for teenagers. In 1909 she competed at the FNSNS swimming competition in Paris and won the under-14 60 metre race.

On 23 July 1911 shw won the international 120 metre handicap race at the international Odines swimming competitions. She also won the national 60 metre scratch race. Later the year on 6 September she won the silver medal at the national championships in the 100 metre freestyle event. In 1913 she became French national champion in the 100 metre freestyle event in a time of 1:51.6. Her last victory was on 26 July 1914 at the swimming gala in Lyon where she won the 100 metre freestyle event.

## Personal life
Jeanniot was born in 1895 as a daughter of M. Jeanniot and was a journalist. She married in Vincennes in 1922. She died on 9 November 1975 at the age of 80.

## References
The Girl from Arles

***The Girl from Arles*** () is a 1908 French silent drama movie directed by Albert Capellani. and stars Paul Capellani, Henri Desfontaines, and Henry Kraus.

## Actors
* Paul Capellani as Frédéric
* Henri Desfontaines as Mitifio
* Henry Kraus as Balthazar
* Jeanne Grumbach as L'Arlésienne

## References
## Other websites
*
After Many Years (1908 movie)

***After Many Years*** is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Charles Inslee, Florence Lawrence, and Harry Solter.

## Actors
* Charles Inslee as John Davis
* Florence Lawrence as Mrs. John Davis
* Harry Solter as Tom Foster
* Gladys Egan as The Davis' daughter
* Linda Arvidson
* Edward Dillon
* George Gebhardt as A sailor
* Arthur V. Johnson as Member of the rescue party
* Herbert Prior
* Mack Sennett as Sailor/Member of the rescue party

## References
## Other websites
*
An Awful Moment

***An Awful Moment*** is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars George Gebhardt, Marion Leonard, and Harry Solter.

## Actors
* George Gebhardt as Matteo Rettazzi / Policeman
* Marion Leonard as Fiammetta, Matteo's Wife
* Harry Solter as Judge Mowbray
* Florence Lawrence as Mrs. Mowbray
* Gladys Egan as The Mowbrays' Daughter
* Linda Arvidson as The Maid
* Florence Barker
* Dorothy Bernard
* Kate Bruce
* Charles Gorman
* Gertrude Robinson as Woman in Court
* Mack Sennett as Policeman / Man in Court
* Dorothy West

## References
## Other websites
*
Balked at the Altar

***Balked at the Altar*** is a 1908 American silent comedy movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Mabel Stoughton, Linda Arvidson, and George Gebhardt.

## Actors
* Mabel Stoughton as Female Lead
* Linda Arvidson
* George Gebhardt
* D. W. Griffith
* Robert Harron
* Arthur V. Johnson
* Mack Sennett
* Harry Solter

## References
## Other websites
*
Han Peekel

**Han Peekel** (6 October 1947 – 14 December 2022) was a Dutch television producer, writer, radio- and television presenter. He was best known as presenter of television programs as  and . Peekel also produced television shows and wrote books.

## Biography
Peekel started in the 1960s as a singer of Dutch songs and was presenter at Radio Veronica. He became known for his television appearenaces. The television program  about comics and cartoons started in 1983 and Peekel presented the program for seventeen years. Since 2009 he was the presenter of .

In 2012 he became Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau for his services to television, radio and cabaret. He received the award from the mayor of Hilversum Pieter Broertjes.

Peekel died during a holiday in Sanur at the Indonesian island Bali on 14 December 2022, at the age of 75.

## Comic cameo appearances
Peekel had a cameo appearance in the comics
*As a colleague of  in album 12 of Jack, Jacky and the Juniors.
*As a courtier at the court of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor in the Spike and Suzy album ''''

## References
Gonzalo de Berceo

**Gonzalo de Berceo** (ca. 1197 – before 1264) was a Castilian Spanish poet born in the Riojan village of Berceo. He is celebrated for his poems on religious subjects. He wrote in a style of verse which has been called Mester de Clerecía. He is believed to be the first Castilian poet known by name.

## Books he wrote 
# **Works about the Virgin Mary**: *Loores de Nuestra Señora*, *Duelo que fizo la Virgen* and *Milagros de Nuestra Señora*.
# **Lives of saints**: *Vida de San Millán*, *Vida de Santo Domingo de Silos*, *Poema de Santa Oria* and *El martirio de San Lorenzo*.
# **Doctrinal works**: *De los signos que aparecen antes del Juicio Final* and *Del sacrificio de la misa*.
The Assassination of the Duke of Guise

***The Assassination of the Duke of Guise*** () is a 1908 French silent movie directed by Charles le Bargy and André Calmettes and stars Charles le Bargy, Albert Lambert, and Gabrielle Robinne.

## Actors
*Charles le Bargy as Henry III
*Albert Lambert as Henry I, Duke of Guise
*Gabrielle Robinne as Charlotte de Sauve
*Berthe Bovy as Le page
*Jean Angelo
*Albert Dieudonné
*Huguette Duflos
*Raphaël Duflos
*Charles Lorrain
*Rolla Norman

## References
## Other websites
*
Elazar Shach

Elazar Menachem Man Shach (Hebrew: אלעזר מנחם מן שך, Elazar Shach; January 1, 1899 O.S. – November 2, 2001) was a Lithuania-born Israeli rabbi and posek. He was born in Vabalninkas (Vaboilnik in Yiddish), Lithuania, but he fled to Palestine for fear of the Holocaust.
Rabbi-Shach was thought to be a very leading authority in Haredi Jewish society.

## References
Kotava

**Kotava** is an international auxiliary language (IAL). It focuses especially on the idea of cultural neutrality. The name means "the language of one and all". The Kotava community has put into use the saying "a project humanistic and universal, utopian and realistic". The language is mainly known in French-speaking countries and most learning materials for it are in French.

## Other websites 
*Official site (in French; autotranslated to other languages)
Consumer behaviour

**Consumer behaviour** or **behavior** is a study on how consumers behave when they are buying a product.  

It includes studying their emotions, lifestyle, and personality and how it affects their buying behaviour.

## Factors 
There are many factors that affect consumer behaviour. These include:

* Culture - This talks about the general culture or overall culture of a group of people.
* Social factors - This talks about the behavior and culture of small groups such as their family and friends
* Personal factors - This talks about their age and what they can afford to buy.
* Psychological factors - This talks about what they believe in, their motivation and their attitude.
The Miracles of Our Lady

***The Miracles of Our Lady*** (Spanish: *Milagros de Nuestra Señora*) is the main book written by Gonzalo de Berceo.

It is a collection of exempla about twenty-five reported miracles of Mary, mother of Jesus. It was written around 1260 in a sort of Spanish dialect called Riojan.

## Context and influence
The sources used by Gonzalo de Berceo were different stories about the miracles written in Latin. The book helped to promote Marian devotions among the people by making the subject easier to understand for them. However, it contains many unusual elements that give Mary powers of returning people from the dead or the ability to save sinners from God's Judgement.

## Structure 
The work's introduction is symbolic. It is set in an perfect natural scene, which shows the good qualities of the Virgin. It is followed by twenty-five miracles done by the Virgin. At the end of each story there is a *moraleja* (moral) or teaching to make the advantages of devotion to Mary clear to the listener or reader.

These miracles can be categorised into three different types:
* Miracles in which Mary rewards or punishes men, e.g. *La casulla de San Idelfonso*.
* Miracles in which the Mary forgives and promises the salvation of her devotees, e.g. *El sacristán impúdico*, *El Judezno*, *Milagro de Teófilo*.
* Miracles in which the characters suffer a spiritual crisis which Mary helps them to solve, e.g. *La abadesa encinta*.

## References 
## Sources 
* *Miracles of Our Lady* by Gonzalo de Berceo, edited by Richard Terry Mount 1998 

## Other websites 
* Milagros de Nuestra Señora and Lais by Mary de France. Similarities and differences. Written by Pamela Bastante. Biblioteca Gonzalo de Berceo.
She's Always a Woman

"'''She's Always a Woman'*" is a 1978 song by Billy Joel and taken from his fifth studio album *The Stranger''. It went to number 17 in the United States, number 12 in Canada, number 15 in the Netherlands and number 28 in Belgium. In 1986 it went to number 22 in Ireland. In 2010 it went to number 29 in the United Kingdom and in 2011 it went to number 37 in Australia. It has been covered by Fyfe Dangerfield.

## Track listing
### 7" single (1977)
# "She's Always a Woman"
# "Vienna"

### Single (CBS)
# "She's Always a Woman"
# "Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)"

### Japanese 7" single (CBS 06SP 248)
# "She's Always a Woman"
# "Only the Good Die Young"

## References
Can't You Hear Me Knocking

"'''Can't You Hear Me Knocking'*" is a 1971 song by The Rolling Stones and is the fourth track from their album *Sticky Fingers''. The track is over seven minutes long and has a bit of blues rock, hard rock and jazz rock thrown into it.
Women in Uniform

"**Women in Uniform**" is a 1978 song by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks and taken from their fourth studio album *Guilty Until Proven Insane*. It went to number 8 in Australia and number 73 in the United Kingdom.

## Track listings
**Australian 7" single (K-7062)/ 12" single (X 11810)**

**United Kingdom 7" single (United Artists Records – UP 36508)**

## Iron Maiden version
In 1980, British heavy metal band Iron Maiden released a cover version of "Women in Uniform". It was released on the Australian version of their second studio album *Killers*. It went to number 35 in the United Kingdom

## Track listing
;7" single

;12" single

;German 12" single

## References
Medieval Spanish literature

*, f. 32r del manuscrito de París. «De cómmo una leona llevó a Garfín, el fijo mayor del cavallero Zifar»]]
**Medieval Spanish literature** is the literature written in medieval Spanish between the beginning of the 13th and the end of the 15th century. Traditionally, the first and last works of this period are the *Cantar de Mio Cid*, an epic poem  from 1207, and *La Celestina* (1499), a book considered a transition between the medieval period and the Renaissance.

## Books written during this period 
* Kharja, written in Mozarabic
* Cantar de Mio Cid
* *El Conde Lucanor*, by Don Juan Manuel
* *Las cantigas de Santa María*, written in Galician by Alfonso X el Sabio
* *Libro de buen amor*, by Juan Ruiz, or the Arcipreste de Hita
* *Coplas a la muerte de su padre*, by Jorge Manrique
* The Auto de los Reyes Magos
* Mystery Play of Elig

## Writings on the subject 
* Alvar, Carlos, José-Carlos Mainer y Rosa Navarro, *Breve historia de la literatura española*, Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2005.
* Cañas Murillo, Jesús, *La poesía medieval: de las jarchas al Renacimiento*, Anaya, Madrid, 1990.
* Deyermond, A. D., *Historia de la literatura española, 1. La Edad Media*, Ariel, Barcelona, 1989.
* Deyermond, Alan, *Edad Media. Primer suplemento*, vol. 1/1 de Francisco Rico, *Historia y crítica de la literatura española*, Crítica, Barcelona, 1991.
* Pedraza Jiménez, Felipe B. y Milagros Rodríguez Cáceres, *Las épocas de la literatura española*, Ariel, Barcelona, 2006.
* Rubio Tovar, Joaquín, *La prosa medieval'', Playor, Madrid, 1982.

## Other websites 
* Brief literary history in donQuijote.org
* The medieval history through the texts
* Links about medieval Spanish literature
* Medieval Spanish poetry
Anguillidae

**Anguillidae**, the **freshwater eels**, are a family of eels. They are in the suborder Anguilloidei. *Anguilla anguilla* is the type species. Most of them are extant. Aside from the living species, there are also prehistoric eels. 

They spend their adult lives in freshwater, but migrate to the ocean to spawn. Eels are an important food fish. Some species are now farm-raised, but not bred in captivity. Many populations in the wild are now threatened. Seafood Watch recommends people avoid eating anguillid eels.

The first fossils of eels is found at the start of the Palaeocene, just after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 mya. If prehistoric eels like *Urosphen* were still alive, they would have replaced the extant eels.

## Species 
* *Anguilla anguilla* (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel)
* †*Anguilla annosa* Stinton 1975
* *Anguilla australis* J. Richardson, 1841
** *Anguilla australis australis* J. Richardson, 1841 (short-finned eel)
** *Anguilla australis schmidti* Phillipps, 1925
* *Anguilla bengalensis* (J. E. Gray, 1831) (mottled eel)
** *Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis* (J. E. Gray, 1831)(Indian mottled eel)
** *Anguilla bengalensis labiata* (W. K. H. Peters, 1852)(African mottled eel)
* *Anguilla bicolor* McClelland, 1844
** *Anguilla bicolor bicolor* McClelland, 1844 (Indonesian shortfin eel)
** *Anguilla bicolor pacifica* E. J. Schmidt, 1928 (Indian shortfin eel)
* *Anguilla borneensis* Popta, 1924 (Borneo eel)
* *Anguilla breviceps* Y. T. Chu & Y. T. Jin, 1984
* †*Anguilla brevicula* Agassiz 1833-1845
* *Anguilla celebesensis* Kaup, 1856 (Celebes longfin eel)
* *Anguilla dieffenbachii* J. E. Gray, 1842 (New Zealand longfin eel)
* *Anguilla interioris* Whitley, 1938 (Highlands longfin eel)
* *Anguilla japonica* Temminck & Schlegel, 1847 (Japanese eel)
* *Anguilla luzonensis* S. Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto, 2009 (Philippine mottled eel)
* *Anguilla malgumora* Schlegel ex Kaup 1856 (Indonesian longfinned eel)
* *Anguilla marmorata* Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 (giant mottled eel)
* *Anguilla megastoma* Kaup, 1856 (Polynesian longfin eel)
* *Anguilla mossambica* (W. K. H. Peters, 1852) (African longfin eel)
* †*Anguilla multiradiata* Agassiz 1833-1845
* *Anguilla nebulosa* McClelland, 1844 (mottled eel)
* *Anguilla obscura* Günther, 1872 (Pacific shortfinned eel)
* †*Anguilla pachyura* Agassiz 1833-1845
* †*Anguilla pfeili* Schwarzhans 2012
* †*Anguilla rectangularis* Stinton & Nolf 1970
* *Anguilla reinhardtii* Steindachner, 1867 (speckled longfin eel)
* *Anguilla rostrata* (Lesueur, 1817) (American eel)
* †*Anguilla rouxi* Nolf 1974

## References
Alişer

**Alişer Efendî** (Kurdish: Alişêr Efendî; 1862–9 July 1937), was a Kurdish military leader and poet. He organized the Koçgiri rebellion. He was one of the leaders of Dersim rebellion. He fought against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

## References 
## Sources 
*