September 22

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 66 &ndash; Emperor Nero creates the legion I Italica.
* 904 &ndash; The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong of Tong, the second–last Emperor of China's Tang Dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government.
* 1236 &ndash; Lithuanians and Semigallians beat Livonian Brothers of the Sword in Battle of Siauliai
* 1499 &ndash; Treaty of Basel: Switzerland becomes an independent state.
* 1503 &ndash; Pope Pius III becomes Pope, though his reign only lasts for 27 days.
* 1598 &ndash; English playwright Ben Jonson is indicted for manslaughter.
* 1692 &ndash; Last people hanged for witchcraft in the United States.
* 1761 &ndash; George III of Great Britain and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are crowned.
* 1776 &ndash; Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during American Revolution.
* 1784 &ndash; Russia establishes a colony at Kodiak, Alaska.
* 1789 &ndash; Position of United States Postmaster General established.
* 1823 &ndash; Mormon leader Joseph Smith, Jr. stated that he found the Golden Plates on this date, being directed by God through the Angel Moroni to the place where they were buried.
* 1857 &ndash; Russian warship *Lefort* capsizes and sinks in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 806 people on board.
* 1862 &ndash; A preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation is released.
* 1864 &ndash; American Civil War: End of the Battle of Fishers Hill.
* 1869 &ndash; Richard Wagner's opera *Das Rheingold* debuts in Munich.
* 1877 &ndash; French astronomer Edouard Jean-Marie Stephan discovers five galaxies, that together are now known as the "Stephan Quintet".
* 1888 &ndash; The first issue of National Geographic Magazine is published.
* 1893 &ndash; The first American–built automobile, built by the Duryea Brothers, is displayed.
* 1896 &ndash; Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather, King George III, as the longest–reigning monarch in British history. Elizabeth II beats her record on September 9, 2015.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1908 &ndash; Independence of Bulgaria recognised.
* 1910 &ndash; The Duke of York's Picture House opens in Brighton, now the oldest continually operating cinema in the United Kingdom.
* 1914 &ndash; German submarine 5M U–9 torpedoes and sinks British cruisers HMS *Aboukir*, HMS *Hague* and HMS *Cressy* on the Broad Fourteens off the Dutch coast with the loss of 1,400 men and boys.
* 1919 &ndash; The Steel Strike of 1919 begins in Pennsylvania, later spreading across the United States.
* 1927 &ndash; Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney.
* 1934 &ndash; An explosion occurs at Gresford Colliery in Wales, killing 266 miners and rescuers.
* 1937 &ndash; Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco.
* 1941 &ndash; Holocaust: On Yom Kippur, Jewish New Year, SS officers murder 6,000 Jews in Vinnytsya, Ukraine.
* 1949 &ndash; Soviet Union detonates its first nuclear weapon.
* 1951 &ndash; The first live sporting event seen coast–to–coast, a college football game between Duke and the University of Pittsburgh, is televised on NBC.
* 1955 &ndash; UK television channel ITV begins broadcasting.
* 1957 &ndash; Francois Duvalier (Papa Doc) is elected President of Haiti. Establishing a one–party state, he remains in power until his death in 1971, when his son takes over.
* 1960 &ndash; Mali gains independence from France.
* 1961 &ndash; The Peace Corps is formed.
* 1964 &ndash; The musical Fiddler on the Roof has its first performance on Broadway in New York City.
* 1965 &ndash; The war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir ends after the UN calls for a cease–fire.
* 1968 &ndash; The move of the Abu Simbel temple ruins in Egypt is completed, in order to make way for Lake Nasser.
* 1970 &ndash; Tunku Abdul Rahman resigns as Prime Minister of Malaysia.
* 1975 &ndash; Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate President Gerald Ford.
* 1979 &ndash; The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test.
* 1980 &ndash; Iraq invades Iran.
* 1985 &ndash; The Farm Aid concert takes place in Champaign, Illinois.
* 1985 &ndash; The Plaza Accord was signed in New York City.
* 1990 &ndash; Start of the 1990 Asian Games, held in Beijing.
* 1991 &ndash; The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time, by the Huntington Library.
* 1993 &ndash; A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-154 is shot down by a missile in Sokhumi, Georgia.
* 1993 &ndash; A barge strikes a railroad bridge near Mobile, Alabama, killing 47 people.
* 1994 &ndash; The first episode of Friends aired on NBC.
* 1995 &ndash; The Nagercovil School Bombing is carried out by Sri Lankan Air Force, killing at least 24 people, most of them ethnic Tamil children.
* 1997 &ndash; Bentalha massacre in Algeria; over 200 villagers are killed.

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; German Bundestag election: incumbent Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schröder narrowly defeats Edmund Stoiber.
* 2003 &ndash; David Hempleman-Adams becomes the first person to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an open–air, wicker–basket hot air balloon.
* 2013 &ndash; A bomb attack on a church in Peshawar, Pakistan, kills at least 70 people.
* 2013 &ndash; Angela Merkel is elected to a third term as Chancellor of Germany, after the CDU/CSU scored around 42%. Her coalition partners, the Free Democrats (FDP), are voted out of the Bundestag.
* 2014 &ndash; Ewa Kopacz becomes Prime Minister of Poland, replacing Donald Tusk, who resigned to take up his post as President of the European Council.
* 2016 &ndash; Yahoo! confirms that hackers entered its network in late 2014 and stole information connected to at least 500 million user accounts, in the largest data breach reported to date.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1515 &ndash; Anne of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII of England (d. 1557).
* 1547 &ndash; Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet (d. 1590).
* 1552 &ndash; Vasili IV of Russia (d. 1612).
* 1601 &ndash; Anne of Austria, Queen Consort of Louis XIII of France (d. 1666).
* 1606 &ndash; Li Zecheng, Chinese Emperor (d. 1645).
* 1694 &ndash; Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield, English statesman (d. 1773).
* 1715 &ndash; Jean-Etienne Guettard, French physician and scientist (d. 1786).
* 1717 &ndash; Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin, Swedish astronomer (d. 1783).
* 1741 &ndash; Peter Simon Pallas, German zoologist (d. 1811).
* 1762 &ndash; Elizabeth Simcoe, English–Canadian painter and author (d. 1850).
* 1765 &ndash; Paolo Ruffini, Italian mathematician (d. 1822).
* 1791 &ndash; Michael Faraday, English scientist (d. 1867).
* 1829 &ndash; Tu Duc, Vietnamese Emperor (d. 1883).
* 1835 &ndash; Alexander Potebnja, Ukrainian philosopher and linguist (d. 1891).
* 1841 &ndash; Andrejs Pumpurs, Latvian poet (d. 1902).
* 1842 &ndash; Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918).
* 1863 &ndash; Alexandre Yersin, Swiss–French physician (d. 1943).
* 1868 &ndash; Louise McKinney, Canadian politician and activist (d. 1931).
* 1870 &ndash; Charlotte Cooper, British tennis player (d. 1966).
* 1870 &ndash; Arthur Pryor, American trombone player, composer and bandleader (d. 1942).
* 1875 &ndash; Mikolajus Konstantinas Ciurlionis, Lithuanian painter and composer (d. 1911).
* 1876 &ndash; André Tardieu, 97th Prime Minister of France (d. 1945).
* 1878 &ndash; Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1967).
* 1880 &ndash; Christabel Pankhurst, British suffragette (d. 1958).
* 1882 &ndash; Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (d. 1946).
* 1885 &ndash; Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1951).
* 1885 &ndash; Gunnar Asplund, Swedish architect (d. 1940).
* 1885 &ndash; Erich von Stroheim, Austrian–American actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1957).
* 1887 &ndash; Bhaurao Patil, Indian educator and activist (d. 1959).
* 1891 &ndash; Hans Albers, German actor and singer (d. 1960).
* 1892 &ndash; Billy West, American actor (d. 1975).
* 1896 &ndash; Uri Zvi Grinberg, Israeli poet and journalist (d. 1981).
* 1896 &ndash; Henry Segrave, British racing driver (d. 1930).
* 1898 &ndash; Katharine Alexander, American actress and singer (d. 1981).

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Charles B. Huggins, Canadian scientist (d. 1997).
* 1901 &ndash; Nadezhda Alliluyeva, second wife of Joseph Stalin (d. 1932).
* 1902 &ndash; John Houseman, Romanian–American actor and producer (d. 1988).
* 1902 &ndash; José Quintero Parra, Venezuelan cardinal (d. 1984).
* 1904 &ndash; Ellen Church, American flight attendant (d. 1965).
* 1905 &ndash; Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician (d. 2009).
* 1905 &ndash; Eugen Saenger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964).
* 1906 &ndash; Ilse Koch, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1967).
* 1912 &ndash; Martha Scott, American actress (d. 2003).
* 1918 &ndash; Hans Scholl, German activist (d. 1943).
* 1918 &ndash; Henryk Szeryng, Polish–Mexican violinist and composer (d. 1988).
* 1920 &ndash; Eric Baker, English activist (d. 1976).
* 1922 &ndash; David Sive, American attorney and environmentalist (d. 2014).
* 1922 &ndash; Chen Ning Yang, Chinese physicist.
* 1923 &ndash; Dannie Abse, Welsh poet (d. 2014).
* 1924 &ndash; Rosamunde Pilcher, English novelist (d. 2019).
* 1924 &ndash; Charles Waterhouse, American painter, sculptor and illustrator (d. 2013).
* 1925 &ndash; Virginia Capers, American actress and singer (d. 2001).
* 1927 &ndash; Tommy Lasorda, American baseball player and manager.
* 1930 &ndash; Joni James, American singer.
* 1930 &ndash; Antonio Saura, Spanish artist (d. 1998).
* 1931 &ndash; Ashokamitran, Indian writer (d. 2017).
* 1931 &ndash; Fay Weldon, English feminist and writer.
* 1931 &ndash; George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger, Scottish politician (d. 2003).
* 1932 &ndash; Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (d. 2010).
* 1932 &ndash; Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (d. 2009).
* 1933 &ndash; Jesco von Puttkamer, German–American engineer (d. 2012).
* 1933 &ndash; Leonardo Balada, Spanish–American composer.
* 1934 &ndash; Ornella Vanoni, Italian actress and singer.
* 1939 &ndash; Junko Tabei, Japanese mountaineer (d. 2016).
* 1940 &ndash; Anna Karina, Danish actress and singer.
* 1941 &ndash; Anna Tomowa-Sintow, Bulgarian soprano.
* 1941 &ndash; Jeremiah Wright, American pastor.
* 1942 &ndash; Candida Lycett Green, English writer (d. 2014).
* 1942 &ndash; Wu Ma, Hong Kong actor, director, producer and writer (d. 2014)
* 1942 &ndash; David Stern, American lawyer and NBA commissioner.
* 1943 &ndash; Toni Basil, American singer.
* 1946 &ndash; King Sunny Ade, Nigerian singer.
* 1948 &ndash; Denis Burke, Australian politician, 6th Chief Minister of the Northern Territory.

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; David Coverdale, English singer-songwriter.
* 1952 &ndash; Sukhumbhand Paribatra, 15th Governor of Bangkok.
* 1952 &ndash; Richard Fairbrass, English presenter, bassist and singer (Right Said Fred).
* 1953 &ndash; Ségolène Royal, French politician.
* 1954 &ndash; Shari Belafonte, American singer, actress and model.
* 1954 &ndash; Randy Lanier, American racing driver.
* 1956 &ndash; Debby Boone, American actress.
* 1957 &ndash; Nick Cave, Australian musician.
* 1958 &ndash; Eddy Planckaert, Belgian cyclist.
* 1958 &ndash; Andrea Bocelli, Italian operatic tenor.
* 1958 &ndash; Joan Jett, American rock singer.
* 1959 &ndash; Saul Perlmutter, American astrophysicist and Nobel Prize winner.
* 1959 &ndash; Tai Babilonia, American figure skater and talk show host.
* 1960 &ndash; Scott Baio, American actor.
* 1961 &ndash; Bonnie Hunt, American actress.
* 1961 &ndash; Liam Fox, British politician.
* 1961 &ndash; Catherine Oxenberg, American actress.
* 1962 &ndash; Martin Crowe, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2016).
* 1965 &ndash; Tony Drago, Maltese snooker player.
* 1965 &ndash; Robert Satcher, American astronaut.
* 1965 &ndash; Andrii Deschchytsia, Ukrainian politician and diplomat.
* 1965 &ndash; Dan Rucatinsky, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter.
* 1966 &ndash; Ruth Jones, Welsh actress, producer and screenwriter.
* 1967 &ndash; Rickard Rydell, Swedish racing driver.
* 1969 &ndash; Sue Perkins, English comedienne.
* 1970 &ndash; Rupert Penry-Jones, English actor.
* 1970 &ndash; Emmanuel Petit, French footballer.
* 1971 &ndash; Princess Martha-Louise of Norway, Princess of Norway.
* 1971 &ndash; Chesney Hawkes, English singer.
* 1972 &ndash; Marcus Campbell, Scottish snooker player.
* 1973 &ndash; Yoo Chae-yeong, South Korean singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2014).
* 1975 &ndash; Mireille Enos, American actress.

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Ronaldo, Brazilian footballer.
* 1976 &ndash; Xiao Huang-Chi, Taiwanese singer-songwriter and Paralympic judoka.
* 1976 &ndash; Martin Solveig, French DJ and music producer.
* 1976 &ndash; Mo Collins, American football player (d. 2014).
* 1978 &ndash; Harry Kewell, Australian footballer.
* 1979 &ndash; Roberto Saviano, Italian journalist and writer.
* 1979 &ndash; Emilie Autumn, American singer and musician.
* 1982 &ndash; Kosuke Kitajima, Japanese swimmer.
* 1982 &ndash; Billie Piper, English singer and actress.
* 1982 &ndash; Maarten Stekelenburg, Dutch footballer.
* 1983 &ndash; William Farquarson, English bass guitarist.
* 1984 &ndash; Godfrey Gao, Taiwanese–Canadian model and actor (d. 2019).
* 1984 &ndash; Ross Jarman, British musician.
* 1984 &ndash; Thiago Silva, Brazilian footballer.
* 1984 &ndash; Laura Vandervoort, Canadian actress.
* 1985 &ndash; Jamie Mackie, Scottish footballer.
* 1987 &ndash; Tom Felton, English actor.
* 1987 &ndash; Derick Brassard, Canadian ice hockey player.
* 1988 &ndash; Bethany Dillon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist.
* 1989 &ndash; Kim Hyo-yeon, South Korean singer (Girls' Generation)
* 1989 &ndash; Sabine Lisicki, German tennis player.
* 1989 &ndash; Coeur de pirate, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist.
* 1993 &ndash; Chase Ellison, American actor.
* 1994 &ndash; Jr., South Korean singer, dancer and actor
* 1996 &ndash; Anthoine Hubert, French racing driver (d. 2019)
* 1999 &ndash; Kim Yoo-jung, South Korean actress

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 530 &ndash; Pope Felix IV
* 904 &ndash; Emperor Zhaozong of Tong of China.
* 1072 &ndash; Ouyang Xiu, Chinese statesman (b. 1007).
* 1253 &ndash; Dogen Zenji, Japanese Zen Buddhist (b. 1200)
* 1253 &ndash; (or September 23) Wenceslas I, King of Bohemia
* 1345 &ndash; Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Leicester (b. 1281)
* 1520 &ndash; Selim I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1465)
* 1539 &ndash; Guru Nanak, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469)
* 1554 &ndash; Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, Spanish explorer (b. c. 1510)
* 1566 &ndash; Johannes Agricola, German Protestant reformer (b. 1494)
* 1607 &ndash; Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (b. 1535)
* 1703 &ndash; Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1622)
* 1774 &ndash; Pope Clement XIV (b. 1705)
* 1776 &ndash; Nathan Hale, American soldier (b. 1755)
* 1777 &ndash; John Bartram, American botanist (b. 1699)
* 1826 &ndash; Johann Peter Hebel, German poet (b. 1760)
* 1828 &ndash; Shaka Zulu, Zulu leader (b. c. 1787)
* 1848 &ndash; James Dunlop, Scottish astronomer (b. 1793)
* 1852 &ndash; William Tierney Clark, civil engineer (b. 1783)
* 1872 &ndash; Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (b. 1801)
* 1873 &ndash; Friedrich Frey-Herosé, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1801)
* 1881 &ndash; Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1913 &ndash; Ton That Thuyet, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1839)
* 1914 &ndash; Alain-Fournier, French writer (b. 1886).
* 1952 &ndash; Kaarlo Juho Stahlberg, first President of Finland (b. 1865)
* 1956 &ndash; Frederick Soddy, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
* 1957 &ndash; Toyoda Soemu, Japanese admiral (b. 1885)
* 1961 &ndash; Marion Davies, actress (b. 1897)
* 1967 &ndash; Harald Quandt, German industrialist (b. 1921)
* 1969 &ndash; Adolfo López Mateos, President of Mexico (b. 1909)
* 1973 &ndash; Paul van Zeeland, Belgian economist and politician (b. 1893)
* 1981 &ndash; Harry Warren, American composer and songwriter (b. 1893)
* 1985 &ndash; Ernest Nagel, Czech–American philosopher (b. 1901)
* 1987 &ndash; Dan Rowan, actor, comedian (b. 1922)
* 1987 &ndash; Hakun Djurhuus, 4th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1908)
* 1989 &ndash; Irving Berlin, American songwriter (b. 1888)
* 1993 &ndash; Maurice Abravanel, Greek–born conductor (b. 1903)
* 1994 &ndash; Leonard Feather, British–born jazz pianist, composer and producer (b. 1914).
* 1996 &ndash; Dorothy Lamour, American actress (b. 1914)
* 1996 &ndash; Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime Minister of Algeria (b. 1927)
* 1999 &ndash; George C. Scott, actor (b. 1927)
* 2000 &ndash; Vincenzo Fagiolo, Italian cardinal (b. 1918)

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Isaac Stern, Ukrainian violinist (b. 1920)
* 2003 &ndash; Wolfgang Peters, German footballer (b. 1929)
* 2003 &ndash; Gordon Jump, American television actor (b. 1932)
* 2003 &ndash; Hugo Young, British journalist (b. 1938)
* 2007 &ndash; Marcel Marceau, French mime artist (b. 1923)
* 2008 &ndash; Thomas Dörflein, German zookeeper (b. 1963)
* 2010 &ndash; Eddie Fisher, American singer (b. 1928)
* 2011 &ndash; Aristides Pereira, 1st President of Cape Verde (b. 1923)
* 2011 &ndash; Knut Steen, Norwegian sculptor (b. 1924)
* 2013 &ndash; Alvaro Mutis, Colombian writer (b. 1923)
* 2014 &ndash; Sahana Pradhan, Nepalese politician (b. 1927).
* 2014 &ndash; Flor Van Noppen, Belgian politician (b. 1956).
* 2014 &ndash; Samira Salih al-Nuaimi, Iraqi lawyer and human rights activist (b. 1963).
* 2014 &ndash; Hasse Wallman, Swedish entertainment executive, composer and film director (b. 1936).
* 2014 &ndash; Skip E. Lowe, American talk show host (b. 1929).
* 2014 &ndash; Erik van der Wurff, Dutch pianist and composer (b. 1945).
* 2014 &ndash; Ben Webb, New Zealand artist (b. 1976).
* 2015 &ndash; Yogi Berra, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1925).
* 2015 &ndash; James David Santini, American politician (b. 1937).
* 2015 &ndash; Richard G. Scott, American apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1928)
* 2015 &ndash; Phyllis Tickle, American religious author (b. 1934)
* 2016 &ndash; Kjell Albin Abrahamson, Swedish journalist and author (b. 1945)
* 2017 &ndash; Paavo Lonkila, Finnish cross–country skier (b. 1923)
* 2017 &ndash; Mohammed Mahdi Akef, Egyptian religious and political leader, former Head of the Muslim Brotherhood (b. 1928)
* 2017 &ndash; Börje Vestlund, Swedish politician (b. 1960)
* 2017 &ndash; Dunc Fisher, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1927)
* 2017 &ndash; Shmuel Moreh, Iraqi–born Israel writer (b. 1932)
* 2018 &ndash; Avi Duan, Israeli politician (b. 1955)
* 2018 &ndash; Chas Hodges, English musician (b. 1943)
* 2018 &ndash; Bob Lienhard, American basketball player (b. 1948)
* 2018 &ndash; Al Matthews, American actor and singer (b. 1942)
* 2018 &ndash; Edna Molewa, South African politician (b. 1957)
* 2018 &ndash; Eric Yarrow, American businessman (b. 1920)
* 2019 &ndash; Harry Joseph Flynn, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1933)
* 2019 &ndash; Ivan Kizimov, Russian equestrian (b. 1928)
* 2019 &ndash; J. Michael Mendel, American television producer (b. 1964)
* 2019 &ndash; Tom Polanic, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1943)
* 2019 &ndash; Sándor Sára, Hungarian cinematographer and film director (b. 1933)

## Observances 
* Independence Day in Mali and Bulgaria
* September Equinox in some years (autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere)
* Car-free Day