open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Radical Republicans

The **Radical Republicans** were a political faction of American politicians within the Republican Party. They existed from 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. They called themselves "radicals.". They were opposed during the war by the Moderate Republicans (led by Abraham Lincoln). One of the fears of the radicals was that if Northern and Southern Democrats came back together again as they had before the Civil War the Republican party would no longer be the  political party. The act split the Whig Party in two. The Northern Whigs united with the members of the Free Soil Party. Together with the Know-Nothing Party they formed the Republican Party. It attracted Whigs, Anti-Slavery Democrats, Know-Nothings, and Abolitionists, They also believed that the Confederate leaders should be punished for their roles in the Civil War.

## Notes 
## References
Pushyamitra Sunga

Pushyamitra Shunga was the founder of the Shunga Dynasty, who ruled parts of northern and central India around 185–149 BCE after overthrowing the Mauryan Empire. He was originally a general under the last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha, but assassinated him during a military parade and declared himself king. His reign marked a shift from Mauryan centralization to regional rule, with Pataliputra (now Patna) as their capital. Pushyamitra is often remembered for reviving Brahmanical traditions, though he also supported art and culture, seen in the expansion of the Stupa at Sanchi.
Ondrej Duda

**Ondrej Duda** (born on 5 December 1994 in Snina, Slovakia) is a Slovak association football midfielder who currently plays for the Polish club Legia Warsaw and the Slovakia national football team. He played for VSS Košice from 2012 to 2014. His nicknames are *Dudinho* and *Ondrej di Maria*.

## References 
## Other websites 
*MFK Košice profile 
*Ondrej Duda profile at Soccerway
Red Fort

The **Red Fort** (Lal Qila) is a monument built in 1648 that rises  above Old Delhi. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. The fort is located in the centre of Delhi, India. It is made of red stone and marble. It was built on the right bank of the Yamuna River. 

The Red Fort was originally referred to as "Qila-i-Mubarak" (the blessed fort), because it was the residence of the royal family. The  of the Red Fort was organised to keep and  this site with the Salimgarh Fort. The planning and aesthetics of the Red Fort represent the high point in Mughal creativity which happened during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan. This Fort has had many additions after its construction by Emperor Shah Jahan. It is a World Heritage Site. it is made out of red sandstone.

## References 
 

The Red Fort was built as the palace for of shahjahanbad it was the fifth capital of Mughal emperor of India shahjan redfort is Indias most important place
Diemerswil

**Diemerswil** was a municipality in Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Since 2023, it became a part of Münchenbuchsee.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Begum Jan

**Begum Jan** is a doctor from South Waziristan, Pakistan. In 2008 she received the International Women of Courage Award. Jan cares for women and children in Pakistan's dangerous tribal areas.

## Life 
When Jan was a child, she studied with boys, because there was no school for girls.  When the tribal leaders said she could not go to high school with boys, she studied with a tutor.  She went to medical school in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.

## Work 
Jan worked at Pakistan Red Crescent.  She worked with women and children at a mental hospital. She also worked with Afghan refugees. Jan started the Tribal Women Welfare Association.

## References
Diemtigen

**Diemtigen** is a municipality of the administrative district Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
*
Paul Petersen

**William Paul Petersen** (born September 23, 1945) is an American actor and comedian, best known for portraying Jeff Stone on *The Donna Reed Show*. He began his show business career at the age of 10 as a Mouseketeer on the *Mickey Mouse Club*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Nibal Thawabteh

**Nibal Thawabteh** (Arabic language نبال ثوابتة) is a Palestinian political activist. In 2009 she received the International Women of Courage Award. During her speech at the ceremony, she spoke for the Palestinian people and asked the world to listen to the Palestinian women.

## Work 
Thawabteh was the first woman to be elected to the Beit Fajjar Village Council.  Beit Fajjar is a village near Bethlehem. She also helped other women get seats in the Village Council. Thawabteh started a monthly newspaper to write about subjects like honor killing, polygamy, and poverty.

## References
Kansas in the American Civil War

At the start of the American Civil War, **Kansas** was a new state. Kansas did not allow slavery in the state constitution. Kansas fought on the side of the Union, although there was a big pro-slavery feeling. These divisions led to some conflicts. The conflicts included the Lawrence Massacre in August 1863. Later the state witnessed the defeat of Confederate General Sterling Price by Union General Alfred Pleasonton at Mine Creek. 

## Background
Kansas had been admitted as a state of the Union in January 1861. This was very shortly before the outbreak of the Civil war. There had been some guerrilla fighting between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups. The fighting became known as Bleeding Kansas. After three constitutions, the fourth, called the Wyandotte Constitution, was approved by the voters and sent to the United States Congress for approval and statehood. 

Kansas entered the Union as a free state and the 34th state on January 29, 1861. Even after it became a state, there were still  in Kansas. The massacre outraged the Confederate government, which had granted recognition to Quantrill under the Partisan Ranger Act, but now withdrew support from irregular forces.

## Later engagements
The Battle of Baxter Springs, sometimes called the Baxter Springs Massacre, was a minor battle in the War. It was fought on October 6, 1863 near the modern-day town of Baxter Springs, Kansas.

On October 25, 1864, a series of three battles occurred. The first two in Linn County, Kansas, with the final in Vernon County, Missouri. The first was the Battle of Marais des Cygnes (also called the "Battle of Trading Post"). The second was a cavalry battle called the Battle of Mine Creek. This was a significant battle between mounted cavalry for Confederate forces and several brigades of Union cavalry that were pursuing General Price.  They were between Major General Sterling Price, leading the Missouri expedition, against Union forces under Major General Alfred Pleasonton. Price, after going south from Kansas City, was initially met by Pleasonton at Marais des Cygnes. At the end of the day, the Confederate army was destroyed as a fighting force and withdrew into Arkansas.

## References
## Other websites 
*Access documents, photographs, and other primary sources on Kansas Memory, the Kansas State Historical Society's digital portal
*Online Exhibit - Keep the Flag to the Front, Kansas Historical Society
*Cool Things - Civil War Battle Flags, Kansas Historical Society
*The Civil War in Kansas: A Bibliography, Kansas Historical Society
Slither.io

***Slither.io*** is an online multiplayer video game. It is played on a web browser or through an app. The game was started by Steve Howse in 2016. 

The game is played in the role of a snake eating 2-dimensional glowing dots on a grid. It is based on the 2015 game Agar.io, with the main difference is that snakes will die when their head collides with another snake, instead of being based on size like in Agar.io.

The game is most played in multiplayer, where every snake is a human player. In the iOS and Android versions, however, it can also be played in singleplayer, where every snake except the player is controlled by the device.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Mid-engine design

A **mid-engine layout** describes the  of an automobile engine between the front and rear axles.  A physics term, moment of inertia, shows how hard it is to turn a moving object. Front-wheel drive can cause the vehicle to oversteer (turn more sharply than the driver expects) in a corner. A front engine rear-wheel drive can have good weight distribution ( front to rear), but has a higher moment of inertia than mid engine layout. Its main disadvantage is that the engine, mounted in the middle, leaves much less room for passengers and cargo. However, in racing there is usually only a driver so passengers and cargo are not an issue. 

## References
Mamer

**Mamer** is a commune and small town in the Capellen canton, south-western Luxembourg. It is at  west of Luxembourg City.

## History
The Treveri, a Gallic or Celtic tribe, inhabited the region for several hundred years until they were conquered by Julius Caesar in 54 BC. A Celtic necropolis from the 1st century was discovered in the early 1970s on the *Juckelsboesch* plateau between Mamer and Kehlen.
 
During the Gallo-Roman era which lasted until about 450, the Romans built and maintained a number of roads in the area including the *Kiem* (Latin *caminus*, road) linking Trier to Reims through what is now Mamer. *Mambra* was a small Roman settlement  on the banks of the Mamer river at the eastern end of today's Mamer. The Roman settlement was burnt by Germanic invaders around 276.

The road linking Luxembourg City to Brussels, passing through Mamer, was built in 1790.  In 1859, the railway to Brussels was opened, with a station in Mamer.

## Geography
Mamer is in the south-west of the country, on the Mamer river, a tributary of the Alzette river.

The *commune* has an area of . the highest point in the *commune* is *Juckelbösch* that is .

Mamer is surrounded by seven *communes* of Luxembourg: Koerich and Kehlen to the north, Strassen to the east, Bertrange to the southeast, Dippach to the southwest, Garnich to the west and Steinfort to the northwest. The *communes* Strassen and Bertrange are part of the Luxembourg canton but the rest are part of the Capellen canton.

## Population
There were 9,185 persons living in the *commune* in 2017,
*  Dangé Saint-Romain, France

## Gallery 

File:Mamer-mameranus.jpg|Statue of Nicolaus Mameranus.
File:mamer-baths.jpg|Ruins of the Gallo-Roman baths.
File:Mamer-church1.jpg|Mamer parish church.
File:Kinneksbond Mamer.jpg|Cultural center Kinneksbond in Mamer.

## Related pages
* Cantons of Luxembourg
* Communes of Luxembourg
* List of cities in Luxembourg

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Bévilard

**Bévilard** is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet into the new municipality of Valbirse.
Diesse

**Diesse** was a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing and Prêles merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.

## Other websites
Diessbach bei Büren

**Diessbach bei Büren** is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official Website
Hospental

**Hospental** is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. It has an area of .

## References
## Other websites
* Official Homepage of Hospental
Aesch, Lucerne

**Aesch** is a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Cynthia Bendlin

**Cynthia Bendlin** is a human rights activist from Paraguay.  She works against human trafficking.  In 2008, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

## Work 
Bendlin is the head of the International Organization of Migration.  The organization works to prevent of trafficking of women in the border area of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. In 2006 and 2007, the organization had seminars to teach government leaders to fight trafficking. The seminars were in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, Foz do Iguasu, Brazil and Porto Iguasu, Argentina.

## References
Avegno Gordevio

**Avegno Gordevio** is a new municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was created on 20 April 2008, when the municipalities of Avegno and Gordevio joined together to become Avegno Gordevio.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Orlando nightclub shooting

The **2016 Orlando nightclub shooting** was a major incident inside Pulse, a gay bar and nightclub in Orlando, Florida. It happened on June 12, 2016.

The perpetrator shot over 107 people, killing 49. Until the 2017 Las Vegas shooting that killed 471 people, the Pulse stabbing was the deadliest mass shooting in American history.

The gunman was Omar Mir Seddique Mateen.

## Incident
According to law enforcement officials, at an unknown time before the shooting, Mateen called the police and pledged himself to the leader of ISIS.  before returning inside to take hostages. Pulse posted on its Facebook page at 2:09 EDT, saying "Everyone get out of Pulse and keep running".

## Reactions
### United States
Florida governor Rick Scott described the incident as "clearly an act of terror", and declared a state of emergency. He mentioned that he has directed the Federal Bureau of Investigation to investigate the shooting as an act of terrorism, and that the full resources of the federal government would be made available.

## References
Cool (Gwen Stefani song)

"**Cool**" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.* (2004). Written by Stefani and Dallas Austin, the song was released on July 5, 2005 as the album's fourth single. The song was compared to early music by Madonna, Cyndi Lauper and Janet Jackson.

## Music video
*Cool*s music video was directed by Sophie Muller and  was filmed in June 2005 in Lake Como, Italy. The video features flashbacks of Stefani with brunette hair.

## Track listings
*;CD single
#"Cool" (album version) – 3:09
#"Cool" (Photek Remix) – 5:49

*;CD maxi single
#"Cool" (album version) – 3:09
#"Cool" (Photek Remix) – 5:49
#"Hollaback Girl" (Dancehollaback Remix by Tony Kanal featuring Elan) – 6:53
#"Cool" (video) – 4:06

*;12" single
:A1. "Cool" (Richard X Remix) – 6:37
:A2. "Cool" (Richard X Dub Mix) – 7:10
:B1. "Cool" (Photek DJ Mix) – 6:34
:B2. "Cool" (Photek Remix) – 5:49

## Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.*

* Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
* Dallas Austin – drums, keyboards, production, songwriting
* Greg Collins – recording
* Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
* Caesar Guevara – assistant engineering
* Rob Haggett – second assistant engineer
* Doug Harms – assistant engineering
* Nellee Hooper – additional production

* Tony Kanal – synthesizer
* Jason Lader – programming
* Kevin Mills – assistant engineering
* Tony Reyes – bass guitar, Line 6 guitar
* Paul Sheehy – assistant engineering
* Rick Sheppard – MIDI, recording, sound design
* Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
* David Treahearn – assistant engineering

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Release history
## References
Popular sovereignty in the United States

**Popular sovereignty** was a political doctrine in the United States that held that the people who lived in a state or region should decide the kind of government or laws that they should have. Popular sovereignty allowed settlers of a territory to decide for themselves on the question of slavery without any  from the federal government. During 19th century, it was a compromise that was used to determine if a western territory or new state would accept or reject slavery within its borders. 

It was first promoted in the 1840s. Senator Stephen A. Douglas, one of the sponsors of the Kansas–Nebraska Act inserted it in the new law as a measure to balance slave states and free states.

However, Representative Abraham Lincoln was one of those who did not agree. He thought Congress should regulate federal territories and ban slavery there. The act was passed, but popular sovereignty proved to have deadly consequences. When Kansas was being considered for statehood, there was a rush by both people who were for and against slavery to go to Kansas and vote on the issue of slavery. That resulted in a great deal of fraud and violence in Kansas Territory and led directly to Bleeding Kansas, the bloody border war over slavery.

## References
Arkadiusz Milik

**Arkadiusz Krystian "Arek" Milik** (born 28 February 1994 in Tychy, Poland) is a Polish association football forward who currently plays for the French club Olympique de Marseille (on loan from SSC Napoli) and the Poland national football team. He has also played for AFC Ajax, Rozwój Katowice, Górnik Zabrze, Bayer 04 Leverkusen and FC Augsburg.

## Other websites 
* Voetbal International profile  
* Arkadiusz Milik profile on Soccerway
* Arkadiusz Milik profile on 91minut

## References
Vasili Berezutski

**Vasiliy Vladimirovich Berezutski** (; born 20 June 1982) is a Russian football coach and a former player. He played as a defender. Berezutski is an assistant coach with CSKA Moscow. He began his professional career in 1999 at the age of 17 with Torpedo Moscow. Berezutski was a Russia national football team regular. He earned his 100th cap on 6 September 2016 against Ghana.

## Other websites 
*Vasili Berezutski  at CSKA Moscow official website
*Vasili Berezutski profile on Soccerway

## References
Crash (Gwen Stefani song)

"**Crash**" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.* (2004). Written by Stefani and No Doubt bandmate Tony Kanal, the song uses car metaphors to describe a relationship. Many music critics compared the song to music made by American female rap group Salt-n-Pepa.

## Music video
Unlike the previous singles released from the *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.* album, "Crash" was the only song not to feature an actual music video, a live performance from the *Harajuku Lovers Tour* was used instead, this was mainly because Stefani was pregnant with her first child.

## Track listings
*;US 12" promotional single
:A1. "Crash" (Album Version) – 4:06
:B1. "Crash" (Instrumental) – 4:05
:B2. "Crash" (A Cappella) – 4:06

*;European promotional CD single
#"Crash" (Album Version) – 4:06

## Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.*

* Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
* Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
* Lee Groves – keyboards, mix programming
* Rob Haggett – second assistant engineer
* Tony Kanal – keyboards, production, programming, songwriting, synthesizers
* Colin "Dog" Mitchell – recording
* Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
* David Treahearn – assistant engineering

## Charts
## Release history
## References
Eggiwil

**Eggiwil** is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Eggiwil 
*
Skylab

**Skylab** was the first space station of the United States. It was launched on May 14, 1973 on an extra Saturn V Moon rocket. It was launched without the third stage, lunar module, or command/service module because Skylab was itself an extra third stage that was turned into a space station, which is called a wet workshop. The Apollo spacecraft visited the station three times. If there was any problem, an Apollo spacecraft with Vance D. Brand and Don L. Lind could rescue the crews.

## Experiments 
 of 1973]]

Skylab did 80 experiments. Those were divided into six categories:
* Life science
* Solar physics and astronomy
* Earth resources
* Material science
* Student research
* Other
Ashley Greene

**Ashley Michele Greene** (born February 21, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Alice Cullen in the Twilight Saga movies.

## Early life 
Greene was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Her mother is Michele Greene (née Tatum), who works in insurance, and Joe Greene, a former U.S. Marine who now owns a concrete business. She grew up in Middleburg and Jacksonville. She moved to Los Angeles, California, at the age of 17 to pursue an acting career. Greene has an older brother named Joe.

Greene played Michelle Burkham in the drama movie *Skateland* (2010).

She acted in the movie ''A Warrior's Heart* with Kellan Lutz, who was also in *Twilight*.

Greene acted along with Miley Cyrus and Demi Moore in the drama movie *LOL* (2012).

In 2013, Greene was in the historical film  *CBGB* about the former Manhattan music club with the same name.

### Modeling 
In 2010, Greene did modeling for an advertisement by the company SoBe. In this advertisement, she wore body paint. Later the same year, Greene became the main model for the Mark brand of cosmetics. This brand is made by the company Avon.

Greene received an award from the PETA foundation because of her work with Avon, which does not do animal testing. She also received "The Style Icon Award" from the magazine *Hollywood Life'' at the Young Hollywood Awards.

## Filmography 
 in July 2012]]

### Film 
### Television 
### Video games 
### Music videos
## Awards and nominations 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Molokhia

**Molokhia** , **Molokhiyya** or **Melokhiyya**  (various spellings based on the ) is a type of jute plant and is an Egyptian soupy vegetable dish. It is made from leaves of *Corchorus olitorius*, commonly known as jute leaves , Jute mallow , Nalta jute,  and Tossa jute . It is commonly served in other forms in  some other countries  as Tunisia,Lebanon, Syria , and Cyprus

## Egyptian Molokhiyya
* It can be cooked from fresh or dried molokhiyya
* Leaves of molokhiyya are chopped or minced.
* Garlic , coriander, salt, pepper, 
and butter are added.
* Soup of chicken ,meat or shrimp 
may be added or not added
* Boiled water is added
* All are boiled well together
* Youtube Egyptian Molokhiyya

## Tunisian Molokhiyya
* Leaves of molokiyya are dried  
into powder
* Powder of molokhiyya  mixed with olive oil to be eaten
* tomato sauce is sometimes added also

## Lebanese Molokhiyya
* Leaves of Molokhiyya are chopped or minced 
* Parts of chicken are added

## Syrian Molokhiyya
*Leaves of molokhiyya are not chopped nor minced

## Cypriot Molokhiyya
* It can be cooked from fresh or dried molokhiyya

* Leaves of molokhiyya are not chopped nor minced

## References
Pro-slavery (United States)

, an American author known for opposing the abolitionist movement and her rebuttal to *Uncle Tom’s Cabin* in the pro-slavery novel ''The Planter's Northern Bride*]]
The **pro-slavery** ideology in the United States promoted the practice of slavery and  against any  with the system. By the 1830s, slavery was mainly in the Southern United States,  where African American slaves were considered property. Slave owners justified them being property because slaves were black; in other words, they were not people. Slaves were used on large plantations and small farms as the primary form of labor. 

Largely in response to the abolitionist arguments against slavery, pro-slavery s developed arguments to justify slavery as being good. While anti-slavery groups pushed for a gradual end to slavery, and Free-Soilers sought to stop its expansion, abolitionists demanded an immediate end to the practice. In the South, slaves did more tthan work on plantations. There were over 4 million slaves in the South, who far outnumbered free people. In cities like Charleston, South Carolina, slaves worked at various jobs such as carpenters, blacksmiths, bricklayers and street sweepers Any who refused could be physically beaten. In 1808, the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves took effect. The "fancy maids" of slave women were sold at auction as concubines or prostitutes and brought the highest prices. 

## Arguments 
The arguments for slavery by Southern spokesmen were that chattel slavery, slaves as property as practiced in the South, was betyter than the system of wage slavery that was practiced in the industrialized North. George Fitzhugh, in his book published in 1857, *Cannibals All!*, maintained that support of slavery held the moral high ground in the national debate over the issue. Other arguments pointed out that in addition to the benefits that slaves enjoyed under slavery, their separation from the white race kept them from mixing with it. There would be no cotton, tobacco, or rice industries. Also, if all of the slaves were freed, unemployment and  would happen all over the United States. that were designed to promote and defend slavery.

## References 
## Other websites 
* George Fitzhugh, *Cannibals All!'', Google Books 
* From Slavery to Freedom: The African-American Pamphlet Collection, 1824-1909
Secunderabad

**Secunderabad** is a city in the state of Telangana, India. It is popularly called the twin city of Hyderabad.

## History
Secunderabad was founded in the year 1806 as a British cantonment. Secunderabad and Hyderabad together form the sixth biggest metropolis in India. It is one of the biggest cantonments in India. It has a large presence of army and air force.

## Demographics
The population of Secunderabad is 204,182. The literacy rate of Secunderabad is 73%. The most popular sport is cricket.
Thrombolite

**Thrombolites** are ancient types of microbial communities that photosynthesize. They are similar to stromatolites, but they are formed differently.

Stromatolites are clearly layered, but thrombolites are not. They are "clotted accretionary structures". They formed in shallow water by the trapping, holding, and cementing sedimentary grains by microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria. They were common in the Cambrian and early Ordovician, and few examples still exist today.

## References
Etzelkofen

**Etzelkofen** was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern,
Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Etzelkofen, Büren zum Hof, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.
Evilard

**Evilard** is a municipality in the administrative district Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
Fahrni

**Fahrni** is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
Lucca (footballer, born 1990)

**Lucca Borges de Brito** (born 14 February 1990), simply known as **Lucca**, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward or a winger for Thai League 1 club Lamphun Warriors.

Lucca is known for his playmaking ability, his excellent technical ability, vision and set pieces.

## Career statistics 
## Honours
;Palmas
*Campeonato Tocantinense: 2007

;Cruzeiro
*Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2013

;Corinthians
*Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2015
*Campeonato Paulista: 2018

## References
Graziano Pellè

**Graziano Pellè** (born 15 July 1985 in San Cesario di Lecce, Italy) is an Italian association football forward who currently plays for the English club Southampton and the Italy national team. He has also played for U.S. Lecce, Calcio Catania, Crotone, Cesena, AZ Alkmaar, Parma Football Club SpA, U.C. Sampdoria and Feyenoord. He won the Eredivisie with AZ Alkmaar in 2009 and was Premier League Player of the Month in September 2014.

## Other websites 
*Stats at Lega Serie A  
*National team data  
*Voetbal International profile  

## References
Free-Stater (Kansas)

**Free-Staters** were settlers in Kansas Territory during Bleeding Kansas in the 1850s who opposed the extension of slavery to Kansas. The name came from the term "free state," a U.S. state that banned slavery.

Some Free-Staters were abolitionists from New England. Other Free-Staters were abolitionists who came to Kansas Territory from Ohio, Iowa, and other Midwestern states. However, most Free-Staters, regardless of where they were from, did not claim at first to be abolitionists.  Instead, the official Free-Stater line supported the idea of excluding all black people from the state of Kansas. While they had no slaves themselves, most were prejudiced against blacks and believed the popular idea that they were . Most of the settlers wanted free soil for whites only. In contrast, abolitionists wanted equal rights for all blacks and to end discrimination against them.

As time passed and the violence in Bleeding Kansas increased, abolitionists became associated with the Free-Stateers. In 1858, the Free-Staters proposed a second constitution, the Leavenworth Constitution, which would have banned slavery and also given the right to vote to black men. This constitution also failed because of unresolved conflict between the two sides. Kansas became a state in 1861 after the fourth and final Wyandotte Constitution was made.

Holton, Kansas was named after the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Free-Stater Edward Dwight Holton.

## References
Bogdan Stancu

**Bogdan Sorin Stancu** (born on 28 June 1987 in Pitești, Romania) is a Romanian association football forward and left winger who currently plays for the Turkish club Gençlerbirliği and the Romania national football team. His nickname is *Motanul* (meaning Tomcat). He also previously played for Argeș Pitești, CS Mioveni, Unirea Urziceni, Steaua București, Galatasaray and Orduspor.

## Career statistics 
### International goals 
These goals are current since the game against Switzerland.

## Other websites 
* Official FCSB profile  
* Bogdan Stancu's profile at RomanianSoccer.ro
* Bogdan Stancu's profile UEFA.com

## References
Farhiyo Farah Ibrahim

Condoleezza Rice in 2009.]]
**Farhiyo Farah Ibrahim** (Arabic language: فرحيو فرح إبراهيم) is a Somali refugee and women’s rights activist.  She fights against female genital mutilation and forced marriage in the Dadaab refugee camp in north-east Kenya. In 2008, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

In 2002 Farah went to work for the National Council of Churches in Kenya, teaching people about reproductive health. After she was attacked, she took a job as an interpreter in Dadaab.

In 2005 Farah went to a leadership program in the town of Naivasha in Western Kenya.  Then she worked for CARE, giving people information about reproductive health.  CARE is an international NGO that helps refugees.  

## References
Omar Mateen

**Omar Mir Seddique Mateen** (November 16, 1986 &ndash; June 12, 2016) was an American mass shooter/mass murderer. He killed at least 49 people and wounded 53 others in a mass shooting at a gay bar in Orlando, Florida. He was killed in a gunfight with the police. It was the largest and deadliest act of violence targeting LGBT people in United States history.
Mateen was born in New York to Afghan parents. He moved to Port St. Lucie, Florida in 1991.

Before the shooting, he had been investigated by the FBI in 2013 and 2014. Mateen reportedly pledged his allegiance to the Sunni militant jihadist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) before the shooting.

## References
Forst, Switzerland

**Forst** is a village in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. The former municipality of the district of Thun merged with Längenbühl on January 1, 2007 to form Forst-Längenbühl.
The Carsey-Werner Company

**The Carsey-Werner Company** (also called **Carsey-Werner Productions** or **Carsey-Werner Television**) is an independent television company. It was founded in 1981 by former ABC writer and producer duo Marcy Carsey and Tom Werner.

The company created television sitcoms including *Roseanne*, *A Different World*, *The Cosby Show*, *Grace Under Fire* and ''That '70s Show''.

Carsey-Werner was sold to NBC Universal in 2007.

## References
Our (river)

The **Our** (pronunciation [u:r]) is a river in Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. It is a left-hand tributary of the Sauer river, and so it is part of the drainage basin of the Rhine river.

## Geography
The Our river has a length of . Of that length,  are in Luxemboug. Its drainage basin has an area of .

The source of the Our is in southeastern Belgium. It is near Manderfeld in the Büllingen municipality,  Liège province. It is at an altitude of about .

The river flows southwards, more or less along the German-Belgian border and, after Ouren, along the German-Luxembourg border. The historic town of Vianden lies on the Our.

The Our joins, as a left tributary, the Sauer river in Wallendorf in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, at about  of altitude.

North of Viande, the river is blocked by the Our Dam.

## Main tributaries 
The tributaries of the Our river with length over 5 km are:
* Left tributaries
** Auw - 5.9 km
** Ihrenbach - 15.9 km
** Irsen - 35.5 km
** Teggelbach - 5.0 km
* Right tributaries
** Medenderbach - 7.5 km
** Kolvenderbach -8.7 km
** Weberbach - 6.1 km
** Braunlauf - 17.8 km
** Ulf - 17.8 km

## Gallery

Our.jpg|The Our near Dasburg-Pont. Left: Germany, right: Luxembourg.
Image:Our Vianden 018.jpg|The Our at Vianden
Image:Sauer confluent Our.jpg|The Our joining the Sauer

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Belgium
* List of rivers of Germany
* List of rivers of Luxembourg

## References
Serious (Gwen Stefani song)

"**Serious**" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.* (2004). The track was written by Stefani and her Doubt bandmate, Tony Kanal. Kanal also produced the song with Mark "Spike" Stent. *Serious* had been compared to Madonnas early music by Enrique Peña Nieto.

## Music video 
A music video was made for the song, but the video was never officially released. Sophie Muller directed the music video. The music video features Stefani and the Harajuku Girls dancing on various rooftops throughout Los Angeles. A minute long clip of the music video was uploaded onto YouTube on October 13, 2006.

## Credits and personnel 
;Management
* Recorded at Kingsbury Studios, Los Feliz, California
* Mixed at The Mix Suite, Olympic Studios, London, England

;Personnel

* Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
* Lee Groves - keyboards, programming, mixing
* Rob Haggett - assistant engineering, mixing
* Tony Kanal - keyboards, production, programming, synthesizer

* Colin "Dog" Mitchell - additional recording
* Mark "Spike" Stent - production, mixing
* David Treahearn – assistant engineering, mixing

Credits adapted from the liner notes of *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.*

## References
Isenthal

**Isenthal** is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. It has an area of .

## References
## Other websites
* Official Homepage of Isenthal
Shielding effect

**Shielding** is when an electron becomes less attracted to an atom the further it is away from the nucleus. This is because the forces holding atoms together become weaker as distance increases.

## In group 1 elements 
In a reactive metal like sodium, the single electron on an electron shell furthest from the nucleus is more likely to be lost in a reaction with another element. This is because less energy is needed to pull them away. Other elements with similar properties like potassium that are lower down on the periodic table than sodium will be even more likely to lose their furthest electron in a reaction. This is because of the addition of more electron shells between the nucleus and the furthest electron, increasing distance.

## In group 17 elements 
The shielding effect also happens with elements that have many electrons on their furthest electron shell, for example chlorine. In this case however, more energy is needed to give the atom an electron. The amount of energy needed is increased with the number electron shells around the nucleus of the atom, for example in elements further down the periodic table like Bromine.
Ádám Szalai

**Ádám Csaba Szalai** (born 9 December 1987) is a Hungarian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Hungary's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Szalai goal''.

## References 
## Other websites 
*National team data 
*Ádám Szalai  – FIFA competition record

Categoey:UEFA Euro 2016 players
Ackee

The **ackee**, (*Blighia sapida*) is a fruit. It is related to the lychee and the longan. It is native to tropical West Africa. The scientific name honours Captain William Bligh who took the fruit from Jamaica to Kew Gardens, England in 1793.

The fruit was imported to Jamaica from West Africa before 1778.  Since then it has become a feature of various Caribbean cuisines, and is cultivated elsewhere in the world.

## References
Long Way to Go (Gwen Stefani and André 3000 song)

"**Long Way to Go**" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gwen Stefani with American rapper André 3000. The song appears as the closing track on Stefani's debut studio album, *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.* (2004). It was released on November 23, 2004 by Interscope Records. The track was written by both Stefani and 3000. The song also includes a sample from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech.

## Background 
"Long Way to Go" was originally recorded in 2003 during recording sessions for both of Stefani and 3000's then upcoming studio albums. André 3000's original version of the song had Stefani as a featured artist and he originally recorded for the Outkasts *The Love Below* album.

## Writing and production 
Lyrically, *Long Way to Go* is about prejudices against dating someone from a different race. The line, "When snow hits the asphalt / Cold looks and bad talk come" is used as a metaphor for the nasty comments people receive when dating someone of the opposite race. *Long Way to Go* also includes a sample from Martin Luther King, Jr.s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech. *Long Way to Go* was written by Stefani and 3000 and was also produced by 3000.
# "Long Way to Go" (with André 3000)&nbsp;– 

; Interscope Records Sampler
*A1 "Rich Girl" (featuring Eve)&nbsp;– 
*A2 "Hollaback Girl"&nbsp;– 
*A3 "Bubble Pop Electric" (featuring Johnny Vulture)&nbsp;– 
*B1 "Long Way to Go" (with André 3000)&nbsp;– 
*B2 "Harajuku Girls"&nbsp;– 
*B3 "Cool"&nbsp;– 

## Credits and personnel 
;Management
* Recorded at Stankonia Recording, Atlanta; Larabee Sound Studio East, Los Angeles; and Soundcastle Studios, Los Angeles.

;Personnel

* Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
* André Benjamin – keyboards, lead vocals, mixing, production, songwriting
* Warren Bletcher – assistant engineering
* Greg Collins – mixing
* CutMaster Swiff – cuts
* Nick Ferrero – assistant engineering
* John Frye – additional recording

* Kevin Kendricks – keyboards, piano
* Martin Luther King, Jr. – additional songwriting
* Kevin Mills – assistant engineering
* Pete Novak – additional recording
* Glenn Pittman – assistant engineering
* Sean Tallman – assistant engineering

Credits adapted from the liner notes of *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.*

## References
Osage Nation

The **Osage** are a Midwestern Native American tribe of Plains Indians who historically ruled much of Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. The tribe formerly lived in the areas in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys around 1,200 BC. They then began migrating west due to wars with the invading Iroquois. The term "Osage" is considered a French name for the tribe which roughly translates into "Mid-Waters". The Osage people refer to themselves in their own language as **Wazhazhe**.

At the height of their power in the early 18th century, the Osage had become the dominant power in the region. They were feared by neighboring tribes as ruthless and "savage" fighters. The Osage would often practice ritual scalping and beheading as military trophies. The tribe controlled the area between the Missouri and Red River to the South and were greatly dependent on nomadic buffalo hunting and farming.

The 19th-century painter George Catlin described the Osage as:

The missionary Isaac McCoy described the Osage as an "uncommonly fierce, courageous, warlike nation", and Washington Irving said they were the "finest looking Indians I have ever seen in the West."

The Osage originally lived among the Kansa, Ponca, Omaha, and Quapaw in the Ohio Valley.  Researchers believed that the tribes likely developed differences in their languages and cultures after leaving the lower Ohio country. The Omaha and Ponca settled in the present-day area of Nebraska, the Kansa in Kansas, and the Quapaw in Arkansas.

The Osage are a federally recognized tribe. They were forced to move to Indian Territory in the 19th century, and have been based in Oklahoma. There are 9,400 descendants, 5,620 of which reside in the area surrounding Osage County. Members live both on the nations tribal land in Oklahoma and in other states around the country such as Kansas.

## References
Wind It Up (Gwen Stefani song)

"**Wind It Up**" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani. It was released on October 31, 2006 as the lead single from Stefani's second studio album *The Sweet Escape*. The song contains a sample from "The Lonely Goatherd" which was originally from *The Sound of Music*.

## Background and writing
In July 2005, Stefani began writing and recording material with Pharrell Williams in Miami, Florida for her album.

## Reviews
Many music critics did not like the yodeling that was featured in the song.

Stefani later said about the song:

## Track listings
*; UK, German, and Australian CD single
# "Wind It Up" (Main Mix) – 3:11
# "Wind It Up" (Original Neptunes Mix) – 3:08
*; German CD maxi single
# "Wind It Up" (Main Mix) – 3:11
# "Wind It Up" (Original Neptunes Mix) – 3:08
# "Wind It Up" (Instrumental Mix) – 3:02
# "Wind It Up" (video) – 3:11
*; UK 12" single
:A1. "Wind It Up" (Main Mix) – 3:11
:A2. "Wind It Up" (Original Neptunes Mix) – 3:08
:B1. "Wind It Up" (Instrumental Main Mix) – 3:11
:B2. "Wind It Up" (Instrumental Neptunes Mix) – 3:10

## Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of *The Sweet Escape*.

* Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
* Pete Davis – additional keyboards, additional mix programming
* Alex Dromgoole – assistant engineering
* David Emery – assistant engineering
* Ron Fair – orchestra production
* Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering

* Brian Garten – recording
* Hart Gunther – assistant engineering
* The Neptunes – production
* Mark "Spike" Stent – additional production, mixing
* Talent Bootcamp Kids – additional vocals
* Pharrell Williams – songwriting

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## References
Atchison, Kansas

**Atchison** is a city and county seat of Atchison County, Kansas, United States, and is along the Missouri River. As of the 2020 census, its population was 10,885. The city is named for David Rice Atchison, a United States senator from Missouri. It was the original eastern starting point of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Aviator Amelia Earhart was born there. The Amelia Earhart Festival is held every year in July. Atchison is also home of Benedictine College, a Catholic liberal-arts college.

## History
### Founding
Atchison was founded in 1854. It was named for Senator David Rice Atchison, who, when Kansas was opened for settlement, interested some of his friends in the scheme of forming a city in the new territory. Senator Atchison was interested in making sure that the population of the new Kansas Territory would be mainly pro-slavery. He had been a prominent promoter of both slavery and the idea of popular sovereignty over the issue in the new lands. However, it seems that all were not agreed upon the location he had selected. On July 20, 1854, Dr. John H. Stringfellow, Ira Norris, Leonidas Oldham, James B. Martin and Neal Owens left Platte City, Missouri, to decide definitely upon a site. They found a site that was the natural outlet of a remarkably rich agricultural region just open to settlement. Eighteen persons were present when the town company was formally organized by electing Peter T. Abell, president. James Burns was elected treasurer. Dr. Stringfellow was elected the town secretary.

### Civil War
At the outbreak of the American Civil War there were three militia companies organized in Atchison. They joined other Kansas regiments.  They were known as Companies A, C and “At All Hazards”.  Early in September 1861, a home guard was organized in the town to protect it in case of invasion from Missouri.  On the 15th of the month another company was raised, which later became a state regiment.  In 1863 the city of Atchison raised $4,000 to assist the soldiers from the county. After the Lawrence Massacre a like sum was raised to assist the stricken people of that city.  Citizens of the town also joined the vigilance committees that aided the civil authorities in protection against raiding and the lawless bands of  that infested the border counties.

During the war, Atchison was also the headquarters of numerous bands of jayhawkers. This included the  Charles Metz, who was known as "Cleveland".  Metz, a former prisoner at the Missouri State Penitentiary, selected Atchison as his headquarters for raids into Missouri. He was accepted with open arms by the people of the town.  During his period of operations, he stole hundreds of horses from Missouri farmers and sold them in Kansas.  He robbed any suspected southern sympathizer and threatened several leading citizens with murder and robbery if they remained in town.  He even ran off the first president of Atchison, P.T. Abell, who was forced into exile until after the Civil War ended.  He defied all authorities but was finally shot and killed at some point in 1862.  He is buried in St. Joseph, Missouri.

## References
Eagle nebula

The **Eagle nebula** is a young open cluster of stars in the constellation Serpens.  

The nebula is catalogued as **Messier 16** (**M16**), and as **NGC 6611**. It is also called the **Star Queen nebula** and **The Spire**. These last names refer to visual impressions of the dark patch near the center of the nebula. This is called the "Pillars of Creation". It was photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope. The nebula contains several active star-forming gas and dust regions, including the Pillars of Creation.

## References
Pawnee people

The **Pawnee** are a Native American Plains Indians tribe. They lived mainly in what is now Nebraska and Kansas. Unlike other tribes of the Great Plains, they were semi-nomadic people. During the buffalo hunting season, they lived in tepees so they could follow the herds. They were a  people who used war paint and tattoos to intimidate their enemies. The Pawnee also practiced human sacrifice. Most often this took the form of ritually killing a young  girl in a five-day ceremony. They were one of the earliest tribes to come to the area. Estimates are that there were between 10,000 and 12,000 Pawnee in Nebraska by 1800. They had little to fear from their enemies because they were a large tribe. But smallpox and other diseases aswell as warfare with the Sioux reduced their numbers significantly in the early 1800s. They were finally removed to Oklahoma in the 1870s.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Pawnee Morning Star Ceremony
* The Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma
William Adams

**William Adams** (24 September 1564 – 16 May 1620), was an English navigator. He was the first Englishman to visit Japan. Adams later became samurai status.

He was born in Gillingham, Kent, England. William's father died when he was at the age of just 12 years old. He apprenticed to a shipwright, and studied shipbuilding, astronomy, and navigation. He joined the Royal Navy during Anglo-Spanish War. He served in the Royal Navy under Sir Francis Drake. He became a pilot for the Barbary Company, a trading company established by Queen Elizabeth I of England.

In 1598, Adams shipped as pilot major with a five-ship fleet. The fleet was owned by a company of Rotterdam merchants (Dutch East India Company). The fleet went from the isle of Texel, North Holland to the Eastern world.

## References
Gampelen

**Gampelen** () is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is not be confused with the municipality Gampel in the canton of Valais.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website