open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Siphonognathus caninis

***Siphonognathus caninis***, the **sharpnose weed whiting**, is a species of ray-finned fish, a weed whiting endemic to the southern coasts of Australia. It is also known as the **clown pipefish** because it will often act like a clown to scare off other fish. It is mistakenly called the **tubemouth** because of its resemblance to *Siphonognathus argyrophanes*.

## Nicknames 
It has a lot of nicknames, such as **clown weed whiting**, **false** **tubemouth**, or **cowboy fish**.
The Wizard of New Zealand

**The Wizard of New Zealand**  (born **Ian Brackenbury Channell**; 4 December 1932) is a British-born New Zealand educator, comedian, illusionist, and politician. He is also known by his shorter name, **The Wizard**. In 1990 the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Mike Moore, an old friend, appointed him the official "Wizard of New Zealand".

## References
So Real (Mandy Moore song)

"**So Real**" is a 2000 song by Mandy Moore. It is from a album reissue *I Wanna Be with You*. It went to number 21 in Australia and number 18 in New Zealand.

## Track listings
**Australian CD single**
# "So Real"
# "Candy" (Wade Robson Remix)
# "Not Too Young"
# "So Real" (Wade Robson Remix)
# "So Real" (video clip)

'''French promo CD—"C'est si facile"'''
#"C'est si facile" – 3:50
#"So Real" – 3:51

## References
In My Pocket

"**In My Pocket**" is a 2001 song by Mandy Moore and is the lead single from her second studio album *Mandy Moore*. It went to number 11 in Australia and number 26 in New Zealand. It fared poorly in the United States.

## Track listings
**European CD1**
# "In My Pocket" (album version) – 3:38
# "In My Pocket" (Brandnew radio mix) – 3:28

**European CD2**
# "In My Pocket" (album version) – 3:38
# "In My Pocket" (Brandnew radio mix) – 3:28
# "In My Pocket" (Hex Hector main 7-inch mix) – 3:21
# "In My Pocket" (Thunderpuss club mix—vox up) – 9:53
# "In My Pocket" (video version)

**Australian CD single**
# "In My Pocket" (album version) – 3:38
# "I Wanna Be with You" (live on MTV) – 3:28
# "In My Pocket" (Hex Hector main 7-inch mix) – 3:21
# "In My Pocket" (Thunderpuss club mix—vox up) – 9:53

## References
Afsluitdijk

**Afsluitdijk** is a large dam in the Netherlands. It is  long. The dam separates the IJsselmeer lake from the Wadden Sea. It was built between 1927 and 1932. The dam was built because of floods that affected the country's low-lying lands. It also serves as a road between Friesland and North Holland provinces. Afsluitdijk has become a popular tourist destination. People go there for its scenic beauty, recreational opportunities, and historical importance.
Huliaipole

**Huliaipole** is a city in Zaporizhzhia oblast in Ukraine.

During the Russo-Ukrainian War, there has been fighting there. As of 2023's second quarter, there is still fighting going on, to the south of the city.

## Related pages
*Warfare in southern Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War

## Sources
Social care

**Social care** is the name for help people get when they cannot do things for themselves which most people do.  It includes getting out of bed, getting dressed, washing, eating and moving about and staying safe.  People who need social care include hospital patients who need help after an operation,  people with physical or learning disabilities who want to live independently at home, and young people from difficult families and  children in foster care.   

This sort of help is mostly done by families, and mostly by women.  In the past a lot was done by religious people.  Workhouses and hospitals were often full of people who needed social care and had nobody to look after them.  As medicine developed social care became more separate. Payment for health care is often different from payments for health care. There may be argument about who should pay.  Care for old people near the end of life  is very different from care for children and young people. Private insurance is not very successful. Not everyone needs social care and young people are reluctant to take out insurance. Germany and Japan have set up systems which try to balance society’s and a individual responsibilities.  

Local governments in many countries set up large homes for old people. People with mental illness or learning difficulty often lived in big hospitals for years.  These institutions have mostly closed and now more people get help in their own homes or in group homes. They may pay for it, or in a welfare state it may be free.  More people need social care as more people live to be old and people survive with conditions which in earlier times would have meant an early death. 

Social workers are employed to make decisions about the help people need if the government is paying. The people who are paid do this work may be called care workers.  They are mostly women and the pay is low. People often leave for better paid work in retail.  

The State of Guernsey said in November 2022 that it would have to cut back social care because people were living longer with more needs. It was hard to find enough people to do the work. 

## References
Matteo Guendouzi

**Matteo Elias Kenzo Guendouzi Valverde Mendoza Olié** (; born 14 April 1999) is a French footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Ligue 1 club Marseille and the France national team.

## References
Housing Benefit

**Housing Benefit** is a means tested social security benefit in the United Kingdom that is intended to help with the costs of rent. 

Rent rebates, as they were called, started in the 1930s when council houses were built to clear slums. The rents were often to high for the poor people who had lived in the slums. Local councils made their own arrangements. The first national system started in 1972. It covered rates as well as rent. For people in private housing it was called rent allowance.  People who got Supplementary Benefit had all their rent paid. People who had more money than that still got some help.  By 1983 about 30% of the population were getting Housing Benefit.  After 1986 it was lined up with the rules for Income Support. 

The cost of housing for low-income households has risen a lot.  The cost of Housing Benefit rose from 0.2% of GDP in 1980-81 to 1.0% in 2012-13.   In 2015 £9.3 billion was paid to private landlords. 

From 2019 housing benefit was moved into Universal Credit except for people above State Pension age and people living in supported, sheltered or temporary housing.

in 2022 2 million private renting households, 38% of the total, were getting help with rent from either Universal Credit or Housing Benefit.

## Local Housing Allowance 
Private tenants can only claim for a rent up the level of the Local Housing Allowance where they live. This is based on private market rents being paid by tenants in a Broad Rental Market Area.  Local Housing Allowance  started in 2008. There are rules about number of bedrooms a household can claim for.  They do not apply to pensioners.  

From April 2011 claimants could only  claim a rent based on the 30th percentile of rent in their area. Single people under 35 could only claim for the cost of a shared room.  care leavers aged under 22, some people who have a disability and over 25s who have spent at least three months living in hostel accommodation, can sometimes claim for a self-contained one bedroom flat . The maximum payable under LHA was also set to £400 per week, or £20,800 per annum.  The Local Housing Allowance was fixed in April 2020 but not changed since then as rents increased. In February 2023 in Wales out of 2,638 private properties advertised for rent only 32 had rent under the allowance. 

In  2023 the Chancellor announced that the Local Housing Allowance would be re-pegged to the 30th percentile of local rents in April 2024, but it would then be frozen again.

Housing benefit is also limited by the benefit cap, which has not been increased.*.*

## References
Solo (Clean Bandit song)

**"Solo"** is an EDM song by British electronic music duo Clean Bandit. It also features Demi Lovato. It was released on  May 18, 2018, by Atlantic Records. Lovato, Grace Chatto, Camille Purcell, Jack Patterson, and Fred Gibson helped write the song's lyrics.

Commercially, the song was a worldwide success. It topped the charts in 13 countries.

"Solo" was the most searched song on Shazam in 2018. It had 9.1 million tags worldwide.

## Background
The song was first revealed when a dancer posted on her Instagram Stories. She said that she would be featured on the music video for "Solo". On May 2018, Clean Bandit teased the song on Twitter. Camille Purcell also said in a tweet that she would work for the production for the song.

Grace Chatto, one of the members of Clean Bandit, told that London Evening Standard that the song was based on an experience of a breakup of hers. She also said that the song was recorded over FaceTime. It is because the band was unable to schedule a session with Lovato.
## Live performances
The song was performed at the other European leg of Lovato's Tell Me You Love Me World Tour. Clean Bandit also performed the song at the Capital FM Summertime Ball. The band also had Lovato as a special guest on June 9, 2018.
## Music Videos
The music video for the song was released on May 31, 2018. It stars the members of Clean Bandit and Lovato herself.
### Synopsis
The video starts with the Clean Bandit member Grace Chatto. She is with a "lover", who is the actor George Todd McLachlan, in which they argue. As the arguments become violent. Chatto grabs her longboard and skates into the town and ends at a laundromat. She is then hidden behind the washing machines in an office. She also pays an attendant (Ko Hyojoo) for an unknown medicine. Then, Hyojoo is skating with a longboard down the street. It is to retrieve the medicine that will be made by Jack and Luke Patterson. Before that happens, Luke suggests to choose to the shape of a bearded dragon or a rabbit. They decide to make the shape of a dog. In the end, thanks to the help of the medicine, Chatto's abusive boyfriend turns into a rainbow golden Retriever. The video is briefly cut with Chatto's face evaporating. Lovato makes appearances with a floral top when she sings the track's vocals. As of November 2021, the video has over 900 million views. A black and white acoustic version of the video was released on June 15, 2018.
### Japanese edition
A music video for the Japanese version of the video was released on August 17, 2018. It was filmed in Kyoto, Japan. It focuses on the division of trying to break away from one's feelings. It is also focuses on moving from the past with the inner confusion that comes with it. It was directed by Yutaka Obara.
## References
Thornton Wilder

**Thornton Niven Wilder** (April 17, 1897 – December 7, 1975) was an American playwright and novelist.

Wilder was born in Madison, Wisconsin. He lived there in his early years.  His father was a journalist and a diplomat who served in Hong Kong and Shanghai, China in 1906 and 1910. Wilder went to school there in those years.

He attended Oberlin College from 1915 to 1917. He got his B. A. from Yale University in 1920. In 1926 he got a master's degree in French literature from Princeton University. He taught at the University of Chicago from 1930 to 1936. His most famous play, *Our Town* won in 1938. Another play, *The Skin of Our Teeth* won in 1943. He was Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry at Harvard University in 1950 and 1951. He was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963. In 1965 he was the first person to receive the National Medal for Literature.

## Works
**The Cabala* (1926) novel
**The Bridge of San Luis Rey* (1927) novel
**The Woman of Andros* (1930) novel
*''Heaven's My Destination* (1934) novel
**Our Town* (1938) play
**The Merchant of Yonkers* (1938) play
**The Skin of Our Teeth* (1942) play
**Shadow of a Doubt* (1943) screenplay
**The Ides of March* (1948) novel
**The Matchmaker* (1954) play
**A Life in the Sun* (1955) play
**The Alcestiad: Or, a Life in the Sun* (1955) play
**The Drunken Sisters* (1957) play
**Childhood *(1960) play
**Infancy* (1960) play
**Plays for Bleecker Street* (1962) play
**The Eighth Day* (1967) novel
**Theophilus North'' (1973) novel

## References
Neil Breen

**Neil Breen** (born November 23, 1958) is an American filmmaker and actor. He is known for making independent movies. Many of his movies have a cult following for their low budgets.

## References
Paul Bowles

**Paul Frederic Bowles** (December 30, 1910 – November 18, 1999) was an American composer and writer. From 1947 to the end of his life, he lived in Tangier, Morrocco.

Bowles started college at the University of Virginia. He soon left it and went to Paris. He met Gertude Stein and Alice B. Toklas. When he returned to the United States, he started to study music with Aaron Copland. In 1931, Stein and Toklas told them to move to Morrocco. And they did. Bowles wrote his first chamber and solo piano works there. Later he went to Guatemala, Mexico, Ceylon, southern India and the Sahara. The music in those places had an influence on his own music.

In 1938 he married the writer Jane Auer. She was a lesbian, and he was bisexual. It was not an ordinary marriage.

His novels and short stories are often about Americans who come to North Africa to get away from the technology and noise of modern life. Things go wrong for them in the different culture.

Bowles died of a heart attack in a hospital in Tangier.

## Books
**The Sheltering Sky* (1949)
**The Delicate Prey and Other Stories* (1950)
**Let It Come Down* (1952)
*''The Spider's House* (1955)
**Up Above the World* (1966)
**Without Stopping* (autobiography) (1972)
**Two Years Beside The Strait* (autobiography) (1990)
**Days: Tangier Journal* (autobiography) (1991)
**Collected Stories, 1939–1976'' (1979)

## References
On the Beach (Chris Rea song)

"**On the Beach**" is a 1986 song by English singer Chris Rea and is the second single from his eighth studio album *On the Beach*. It went to number 12 in the United Kingdom and number 18 in Ireland in 1988. It was covered by German dance band York in 1999.

## Track listing
### Original release
**7-inch single**
# "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20
# "If Anybody Asks You" – 5:00

**7-inch single (alternative release)**
# "On the Beach" – 5:03
# "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20

**2x 7-inch single (UK limited edition release)**
# "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20
# "If Anybody Asks You" – 5:00
# "Chris Rea Live" – 3:37 Live at the Hammersmith Odeon - London 2 May 1986
# "Chris Rea Live" – 4:31 Live at the Hammersmith Odeon - London 2 May 1986

**7-inch single (US release)**
# "On the Beach (Edit)" – 3:47
# "Se Sequi" – 5:03

**7-inch single (US promo)**
# "On the Beach (Edit)" – 3:47
# "On the Beach (Edit)" – 3:47

**12-inch single**
# "On the Beach (Special Extended Remix)" – 6:02
# "If Anybody Asks You" – 5:00
# "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20

**12-inch single (Italian promo)**
# "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20
# "If Anybody Asks You" – 5:00
# "One Golden Rule" – 4:45
# "Midnight Blue" – 6:28

### 1988 release
**7-inch single**
# "On the Beach Summer '88" – 3:45
# "I'm Taking the Day Out" – 3:25

**12-inch single**
# "On the Beach Summer '88" – 6:50
# "I'm Taking the Day Out" – 3:25
# "It's All Gone (Live in Montreux)" – 8:10

**CD single**
# "On the Beach Summer '88" – 3:44
# "I'm Taking the Day Out" – 3:23
# "It's All Gone (Live in Montreux)" – 8:11
# "September Blue" – 3:06

**CD single (US promo)**
# "On the Beach (Edit)" – 3:47
# "On the Beach (LP Version)" – 6:50

## References
Mario Kart Arcade GP 2

**Mario Kart Arcade GP 2** is the second Mario Kart game for arcades. It was released on March 14, 2007. There are 11 total playable characters in the game. You can choose to play in Time Trial Mode or Grand Prix Mode. In Time Trial mode you can race solo or against Staff Ghosts. In Grand Prix, you can choose between 50cc, 100cc, 150cc, or 200cc, and you race against players or against computers.''' 

## About the game 
### Power-ups 
You can use powerups as items. Along with the other games in the Mario Kart Arcade GP series, there are about 100 items in the game, making this and the others have the most items in a Mario Kart game at the time.

### Tracks 
There are 32 Tracks and 8 cups to the full game.

### Karts 
When turning regularly, your kart loses speed. However, if you hit R before turning, you will perform a small hop and start drifting as long as you keep holding the button and steering left or right. Not only does this maintain your speed, it will also start building up boost power for a mini turbo.

## Facts 
Mario Kart Arcade GP 2 is the second game in the Mario Kart Arcade GP series and the seventh in the Mario Kart series overall. You can use powerups as items. There are 32 Tracks and 8 cups to the full game. Mario Kart Arcade GP is the initial installment in the series. Originally designed for the Tri-force arcade board (also used for F-Zero AX) by Namco, players can race as one of eleven characters on twenty-four tracks. There are a total of six cups, with four tracks in each, equalling twenty-four. If you're a gamer that strives to see all aspects of the game, you are likely to spend around 50 hours to obtain 100% completion. Coins have three uses, they increase your overall speed, they give you a tiny boost, and they can unlock objects. The biggest bruiser in Mario Strikers: Battle League is still the biggest powerhouses in Mario Kart 8. Bowser has the fastest speed stat in the game along with Wario. Statistically, the Pipe Frame is the best car in the game: it has great acceleration, handling, and a great mini-turbo. It also has decent traction but like many of the other cars on this list, suffers from its weight and speed. The player can jump by pressing the Brake while holding the gas pedal. To drift, the player does the same thing as jumping, but by turning the wheel to the desired direction. In the latest update, the player can also use the Mario button to jump. The game Mario Kart Arcade GP 1 includes only four playable characters, all of which appeared from the previous games: Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach and Yoshi. Items are thrown by making hand movements, which the game registers by an attachment to the player's wrist. Mario Kart Arcade GP DX is the third Mario Kart Arcade GP game, which was released in Japanese arcades on July 25, 2013, and in North American and European arcades in 2014 (previously announced for end of 2013), but the game was available in all Dave & Buster's restaurants from February 16, 2014 until April 2014. Daisy, Lakitu, and King Boo are the Japanese Exclusive characters that can be downloaded in Japanese Mario Kart Arcade GP DX game.
Cornufer manus

***Cornufer manus*** is a frog. It lives in the Nakanai Mountains on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea.

## First paper
*

## References
Halswell

**Halswell** is a suburb of Christchurch. It was originally a separate village until the 1960s when Oaklands subdivision was added, this expanded further when Westlake was developed in the late 1980s and in the early 2000s when Aidanfield was developed to co-join the city. State Highway 75 runs through the suburb. 

## References
Trith-Saint-Léger

**Trith-Saint-Léger** is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Population 
## Heraldry 
## References
Domain-driven design

**Domain-driven design** is a way of modelling and building software systems. The basic idea is that the model of the software should also be a model of the application domain. In domain-driven design the software models certain aspects of the problem. People will use certain terms, which have a very specific meaning. This meaning is linked to the problem domain in which it is used (called a context). In different contexts, the term may have a different meaning. 

In order to connect the different contexts, a common language is needed (where everyone agrees on the specific meaning of the terms used). Eric Evans, who created the term Domain-driven design calles it ubiquitous language, and  defines it as follows: “A language structured around the domain model and used by all team members to connect all the activities of the team with the software.”.

## References
Polestar

**Polestar** is a Swedish automotive brand. It was established in 1996 by Volvo Cars' partner Flash/Polestar Racing. It was acquired in 2015 by Volvo. The company is headquartered in Torslanda near Gothenburg, Sweden. The vehicles are made in China.

The Polestar name comes from the Polestar racing team. The racing team changed its name to Cyan Racing but still has close ties to Volvo.

## References
Iowa Writer's Workshop

The '''Iowa Writers' Workshop'*, at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, is a famous graduate-level creative writing program in the United States. Its official name is the Program in Creative Writing. 

Students can earn a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in Creative Writing. This lets them teach Creative Writing at other colleges and universities. Because the program is also a workshop, students talk about their writing with each other and their teachers.

It is the oldest MFA writing program in America. It was started in 1936. Many successful writers have studied in this program. Some of its earliest teachers and visiting writers were Robert Frost, Robert Penn Warren, John Berryman, Dylan Thomas, and Robert Lowell.

Many teachers and students from the program have won Pulitzer Prizes in Fiction and Poetry. Some of them are:

*John Berryman; 1965, *77 Dream Songs*
*John Cheever: 1979,*The Stories of John Cheever*
*Rita Dove: 1987, *Thomas and Beulah*
*Louise Glück: 1993, *The Dream of the Unified Field*
*Donald R. Justice: 1980, *Selected Poems*
*Carolyn Kizer: 1985, *Yin*
*Philip Levine: 1995, *The Simple Truth*
*Robert Lowell: 1947, *Lord Weary's Castle*; 1974, *The Dolphin*
*James Alan McPherson: 1978, *Elbow Room*
*Marilynne Robinson: 2005, *Gilead*
*Philip Roth: 1998. *American Pastoral*
*W.D. Snodgrass: 1960, *Heart's Needle*
*Mark Strand: 1999, *Blizzard of One*
*James Tate: 1992, *Selected Poems*
*Mona Van Duyn: 1991, *Near Changes*
*Charles Wright: 1998, *Black Zodiac*
*Michael Cunningham 1999 The Hours 
*Mark Strand 1999 *Blizzard of One* 
*Nilo Cruz 2003 *Anna in the Tropics*   
*Marilynne Robinson 2005 *Gilead*  
*Robert Hass 2008 *Time and Materials*   
*Philip Schultz 2008 *Failure*
*David Lang 2008 *The Little Match Girl Passion*   
*Paul Harding 2010 *Tinkers*        
*Andrew Sean Greer 2018 *Less*   
*Forrest Gander 2019 *Be With * 
**Jayne Anne Phillips 2024 Night Watch''*    *      
*Robert Penn Warren: 1947, ''All the King's Men*; 1958, *Promises: Poems 1954-1956*; 1979, *Now and Then''

## References
Driving Home for Christmas

"**Driving Home for Christmas**" is a 1988 Christmas song by English singer Chris Rea. It was taken from his compilation album *New Light Through Old Windows*. It had modest chart placings until 2007 when it placed at #33 and reached its new peak of #10 in 2022. It has been covered by many artists since then.

## Track listings
## Charts
## Certifications
## References
Armaan

Armaan means wish or hope originating from Persian word meaning hope.
**Armaan** is the name of a Muslim or Hindu boy.

## Movies
* *Armaan* (1942 movie), a movie directed by Kidar Nath Sharma
* Armaan (1953 movie), a 1953 Bollywood movie
* *Armaan* (1966 movie), a Pakistani movie starring Waheed Murad
* *Armaan* (1981 movie), a Hindi movie starring Raj Babbar and Shammi Kapoor
* *Armaan* (2003 movie), a Hindi movie starring Amitabh Bachchan, Anil Kapoor, Preity Zinta and Gracy Singh
* *Armaan* (2013 movie), a Pakistani movie starring Fawad Khan and Aamina Sheikh
* *Armaan* (2017 movie), a Gujarati movie starring Poojan Trivedi, Alisha Parjapati, Netri Trivedi

## People with the given name
* Armaan Ebrahim (born 1989), Indian car racer
* Armaan Jaffer (born 1997), Indian cricketer
* Armaan Jain (born 1990), Indian actor
* Armaan Khan (born 1980), Pakistani cricketer
* Armaan Kohli (born 1972), Indian actor
* Armaan Malik (born 1995), Indian singer 
* Armaan Verma, Indian movie child actor
* Armaan Yadav Rapper in Delhi
Fucsia (Castiglioni)

**Fucsia** is a type of ceiling pendant lamp. It was designed by the architect Achille Castiglioni. 

The  prototype was  presented in 1996, and put into production by Flos. The decision to create a suspension lamp with multiple light points is linked to the typology of chandeliers of the past and draws inspiration from a chandelier with multiple light points designed by father Giannino Castiglioni for his home in Lierna on Lake Como in 1925.

Suspension lamp suitable for solving the problem of uniform direct and diffused lighting on various surface dimensions.

The lamp body has design characteristics and dimensions such as to allow, in addition to the use of the single, multiple solutions.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Fucsia, Fondazione Achille Castiglioni
Attendance Allowance

**Attendance Allowance** is a Social Security benefit for disabled people in the United Kingdom.  It was started in 1970.

To get it people must show that they need help or have difficulty in connection with their bodily functions or need to be looked after all the time. Bodily functions are things that most people would do for themselves; they do not include things like cooking, housework or getting food.

From 1992 people below pension age had to claim Disability Living Allowance instead.

From April 2023 the amount is:

* Higher rate: £101.75 per week for day and night care, or terminal illness.
* Basic rate: £68.10 per week for day or night care.

People who get Attendance Allowance may get increased means tested benefits.

## References
Rates (tax)

**Rates** a sort of property tax in the United Kingdom and some other countries.

In England, they were started as part of the Poor Law.  They were agreed in the Act for the Relief of the Poor 1601.  They were first used to pay for workhouses and later for building roads. They paid for local government. Buildings were given a rateable value based on the rent it could fetch. This meant that people with more valuable buildings paid more.  The rateable value was to be calculated again every 5 years, but this was unpopular and often didn't happen. In 1990, Margaret Thatcher tried to replace it with the poll tax. This only lasted 3 years and then there was Council Tax.

People who do not have a water meter are charged for water according to the rateable value of their building. 

## Business rates 
Businesses still have to pay rates based on the value of their buildings. The rate is set by central government and is the same for the whole of England. The money is collected by local councils. This means that places where people are richer produce more money.

Charities and community amateur sports clubs only have to pay 20%.

## References
Yellowstone cutthroat trout

The **Yellowstone cutthroat trout** (*Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri*) is a subspecies of the cutthroat trout (*Oncorhynchus clarkii*). It is a freshwater fish in the salmon family (family Salmonidae).  It lives in only to a few U.S. states. Its original range was upstream of Shoshone Falls on the Snake River and tributaries in Wyoming, across the Continental Divide in Yellowstone Lake and in the Yellowstone River and its tributaries downstream to the Tongue River in Montana. The species is also found in Idaho, Utah and Nevada.

## Description 
The Yellowstone cutthroat trout is often golden brown with relatively big spots clustered toward its tail. Its body is compressed like most trout. 

## Population threats 
Their population has decreased a little due to overfishing and mining. The most serious threats are interbreeding with introduced rainbow trout to make cutbows in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem.

### Introduction to the Yellowstone River 
Yellowstone cutthroat trout were never officially introduced into the Yellowstone River and their presence there is probably the result of accidental or illegal introductions.

## References
## Other websites
* Wyoming Fish & Game Commission website
Poor Law

church ]]
The English Poor Law was an early sort of social security.  The Act for the Relief of the Poor in 1601 gave parishes the job of supporting the "deserving poor" - people who couldn't work.   People who had property in the parish had to pay rates.  The money was used to pay for food and clothing for the poor.  Each parish (there were about 1500) decided how they should do this.  The parish was only responsible for people who were settled there.  People who were not settled were sent back home.  People who could work were given work to do.  People who would not work could be put in a house of correction - a sort of prison.

After 1948 National Assistance started, instead of the Poor Law.  There was still a  means test but the earnings of sons and daughters were no longer counted. 

## References
Charlotte Independence

**Charlotte Independence** is an American soccer team. It is based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team plays in the USL League One, the third tier of the American soccer pyramid.

In 2023, the Independence played their home games at American Legion Memorial Stadium in the Elizabeth neighborhood of Charlotte.  Before this, the Independence played at Ramblewood Soccer Complex and Sportsplex at Matthews.

The teams color's are navy blue and parchment.  They wear blue kits at for games at their  home field , and grey on the road.
Retno Marsudi

**Retno Lestari Priansari Marsudi** (born 27 November 1962) is an Indonesian diplomat. She has been Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet of Joko Widodo since 2014. She is the first female minister in that post. She was  the Indonesian Ambassador to the Netherlands from 2012 to 2014. She was also Ambassador to Iceland and Norway from 2005 to 2008.

## Early life and education
Marsudi was born in Semarang. She graduated from SMAN 3 Semarang. She graduated from Gadjah Mada University in 1985 in International Relations. She then earned a Master's degree in International European Law & Policy at The Hague University of Applied Science. She also followed the Foreign Ministry training program at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael.

## Career in the diplomatic service
Marsudi joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after university. Between 1997 and 2001, Marsudi was First Secretary for Economic Affairs at the Indonesian Embassy in The Hague, Netherlands. In 2001, she became Director of Europe and America Affairs. Marsudi was promoted to Director of West Europe Affairs in 2003.

In 2005, Marsudi became the Indonesian Ambassador to Norway and Iceland. She also studied human rights for a short time at the University of Oslo. Marsudi returned to Jakarta and became Director General for European and American Affairs.

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono made Marsudi Indonesian Ambassador to the Netherlands in 2011. She has also led negotiations and meetings with the EU, ASEM, and FEALAC.

In 2021, Marsudi was became co-chair – with Karina Gould and Lia Tadesse – of the COVAX Advance Market Commitment (AMC) Engagement Group.

## Honors
*: Medal of Malalai (2020)
*: Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru (2018)

## References
Crush (Mandy Moore song)

"**Crush**" is a 2001 song by Mandy Moore. It is the second single from her second studio album *Mandy Moore*. It went to number 25 in Australia and number 35 on the Billboard Mainstream top 40 charts.

## Track listing
**Australian CD single**
# "Crush" (remix)
# "Crush" (album version)
# "In My Pocket" (Brandnew remix)
# Album mix tape

## References
Lag Ja Gale

***Lag Jaa Gale*** () is a Indian television series that premeired on 7 February 2023 on Zee TV. It was produced by Fazila Allana and Sandiip Sikcand under Sol Production and Sandiip Films.

## Cast
### Main
* Namik Paul as double role 
** Shiv Dhoopar
** Aniket Dhoopar
* Tanisha Mehta as Ishani Dhoopar
### Recurring 
#### Kulkarni family 
* Paritosh Pradhan as Jagdish Kulkarni
* Snehal Reddy as Sulochana Kulkarni
* Riya Soni as Rachna Kulkarni
* Kumkum Parmar as Neeti Kulkarni
#### Dhoopar and Taneja family 
* Neelam Pathania Abrol as Kiran Dhoopar
* Aryan Arora as Yash Dhoopar
* Tanvi Shewale as Pooja Dhoopar
* Deepali Kamat as Shashi Dhoopar
* Sandeep Sachdev as Rishi Taneja
* Sugandha Srivasta as Rohini Taneja
* Aditya Deshmukh as Bobby Taneja
* Varsha Gupta as Tina Taneja
* Neeva Malik as Dimpy
* Trishaan Maini as Randeep

### Other recurring cast 
* Gagan Anand as Bhupen
* Priyamvada Singh as Meena
* Vishal Singh as Sooraj
* Sumit Wadhwa as Sumit
* Avyaan Tiwari as Party Boy

## Production
The show title is based on the song of the same name, from the 1964 film *Woh Kaun Thi?*. The series was announced on Zee TV by Sol Production. Namik Paul and Tanisha Mehta were signed as the lead. The launch event for the series was held on 4 February 2023.

## References
Dog Trouble

***Dog Trouble*** is a 1942 American animated short film, and is also the 5th ''Tom & Jerry's'' short theatrical movie. This movie including for the first time Spike. First released in 1942 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

## Plot
Tom’s chasing Jerry when he runs, literally, right into the sleeping (and quite nasty) dog later known as Spike. Spike chases Tom up a lamp; Jerry’s quite amused, until Spike turns on him and traps him in a cuckoo clock. Spike trades off between the two of them, until Tom climbs down the lamp, then finds himself depending on Jerry to help him to the clock. They’re both trapped, then Jerry has an idea. As Tom keeps Spike distracted, Jerry uses a ball of yarn to tie everything in the next room together. When he’s ready, he kicks Spike, who runs into the mess, bringing the wrath of Mammy. The truce between Tom and Jerry ends, though, when Tom’s tail gets caught in a mousetrap.

## Fun fact
* Crazy Credits in the original issue: The End America Needs Your Money. Buy Defend Bonds and Stamps Every Pay Day.
* The first appearance of Spike (also known as unnamed "Bull Dog".

## Other websites 
* 

## References
Sheltered workshop

**Sheltered workshop** means an organization or environment that employs people with disabilities separately from others. Sometimes these places do not have to follow the usual laws for businesses. For example, they can pay the workers less than minimum wage.

## Australia 
Sheltered workshops are often called Australian Disability Enterprises or ADEs. In Australia, employees with intellectual disabilities make up 75% of the ADE workforce. 

## Canada 
In Canada, people are trying to close sheltered workshops. They want people to have supported employment instead. This is when people receive support and help to work a job in the community. They are paid at least minimum wage. For now, many people with intellectual disabilities still work in sheltered workshops. In Canada, most people with intellectual disabilities do not have a job. 

## Europe 
Sheltered workshops are common across Europe.

## References
Effective method

In mathematics, logic, and related disciplines, an **effective method** or **effective procedure** is a way of solving a problem. It is defined as follws:

* It has a finite number of exact instructions
* When its used for a problem of its given class:
** It will finish after a finite number of steps
** It will always produce the correct result
* It can be also be done by a human, with a piece of paper, and a writing aid (like a pencil)
* Anyone following the steps, will be successful.

Sometimes, people ask that the method odes not return a result, if it is aplied ot a problem which is not of its class.

In the case of computer science, an effective method is called algorithm.

## Related pages 
* Halting problem
* Decidability theory
Polylactic acid

**Polylactic acid** (PLA) is a type of plastic. Specifically it is a type of polyester. It is the most popular plastic for 3D printing. It has many properties that make it an ideal material for 3D printing. It has a low melting point, and it does not shrink much when it cools. PLA is usually made from sugar or starch.

## Environmental impact 
PLA can break down in a high-temperature industrial compost, but the most common way of disposing of it is burning it; it does not release any toxic fumes except carbon monoxide, which is released by almost any burning material, because it is only made of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. In the natural outdoor environment or in the ocean, it does not break down any faster than other plastics such as ABS or PET.
Nikola Jurčević

**Nikola Jurčević** (born 14 September 1966) is a Croatian professional football manager and former player who is head coach of the Lebanon national team.

## Playing career
### Club career
He started his career at Dinamo Zagreb. There he played alongside with Robert Prosinečki and Zvonko Boban. After a conflict with Dinamo's youth coach Belji he went to Royal Antwerp as an 18-year-old. After one year in  Belgium he returned and played for FC Zagreb.

In the summer of 1991he signed with Austrian Bundesliga club SV Austria Salzburg. He was Austrian champion with Salzburg in 1994 and 1995 . In  1994 he scored 14 goals and was together with Heimo Pfeifenberger Austrian top scorer. With Salzburg he reached the UEFA Cup final in the 1993/94 season. Another success was the entry into the UEFA Champions League in the following season. 

After his successful years in Austria, he moved to SC Freiburg in the German Bundesliga for two years. There he made 45 appearances and scored 5 goals. After his stay in Germany he went back to Salzburg for a year.

He played 211 matches  and scored 51 goals. Most of them he played for SV Austria Salzburg (161 matches-46 goals).

### International
He made his debut for Croatia in a December 1990 against Romania. He came as a 66th-minute substitute for Ivan Cvjetković. He played 19 matches for Craoatia (2 unofficial) and  scored 2 goals. Because Croatia was still officially part of Yugoslavia at the time, his first two games were unofficial. His final match was in December 1996   against Morocco.

## Managerial career
He started his coaching career in 2003 at his home club Dinamo Zagreb. In 2005 he became coach of his former club SV Austria Salzburg . After the  Red Bull take over he was replaced as coach after just two games by Manfred Linzmaier. Then he coached the Croatian first division club NK Slaven Belupo Koprivnica till 2006.

From 2006 to 2017 Jurčević was an assistant to former Croatian national coach Slaven Bilić . (Croatia national team 2006–2012;  Lokomotiv Moscow 2012–2013;  Beşiktaş Istanbul 2013–2015 ; West Ham United 2015–2017). 2018 he was head coach at Dinamo Zagreb.
2018/19 he was coach of the Azerbaijan national football team. He was dismissed due to Azerbaijan's poor performance during the qualifiers for the 2021 European Championship.

On 2 October 2023, Jurčević was appointed head coach of the Lebanon national team ahead of the 2023 AFC Asian Cup and 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification.

## Honours
### As a player
**NK Zagreb**
*Yugoslav Third League (West): 1989–90
*Yugoslav Second League: 1990–91

**Austria Salzburg**
*Austrian Bundesliga: 1993–94, 1994–95
*UEFA Cup Runner-up: 1993–94

**Individual**
*Austrian Bundesliga top scorer: 1993–94

### As a manager
**Dinamo Zagreb**
*Croatian Super Cup: 2003
*Croatian Cup: 2004
## Other websites
*
*

## References
I Could Break Your Heart Any Day of the Week

"**I Could Break Your Heart Any Day of the Week**" is a 2009 song by Mandy Moore and is the lead single from her fifth studio album *Amanda Leigh*. In 2014 it charted on the airplay in Ukraine.
The Saplings

***The Saplings*** (, ) is a 1972 Russian Georgian comedy movie directed by Revaz Chkheidze and starring Jemal Gaganidze, Ramaz Chkhikvadze, Kakhi Kavsadze and Sesilia Takaishvili.

## Other websites
*
Hole in My Soul

**"Hole in My Soul"** is a 1997 song by American hard rock band Aerosmith and is taken from their 12th studio album *Nine Lives*. It went to number 51 in the United States, number 29 in the United Kingdom and number 4 in Latvia.

## Track listing
### Hole in My Soul - yellow - 450124
### Hole in My Soul - red - 450155
## References
I Won't Hold You Back

"'''I Won't Hold You Back'*" is a 1983 song by American rock band Toto. It is from their fourth studio album *Toto IV*. It went to number 11 in Ireland, number 10 in the United States and number 17 in Canada. It was later sampled by Roger Sanchez for his song *Another Chance''.

## References
Akha people

**Akha** refers to an ethnic group who speak the language of the same name. They mostly live in Burma and China. They also live in countries such as Thailand and Laos. They live in small villages of a high elevation, usually in mountains.

Their close ancestors are the Hani people and the Karen people.

They had made their way from China during the early 20th century. Civil war in Burma and Laos had led this ethnic group to move to Northern Thailand. Because of this, there are now about 80,000 people living in Thailand's northern provinces, such as Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai.

## References
NHS targets

The National Health Service measures how well it is doing by setting what are called targets.  These are things that can be counted.  The targets are changed over time. The targets, and how they are measured, are different in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.  None of the targets covering A&E, cancer or waiting times for planned care have been met in the UK since 2016. 

The target which gets most attention is the four-hour target in emergency departments. People should be seen, treated, and admitted to the hospital or sent home in under four hours.  This was first measured in 2004. Since 2010 the number of people waiting more than 4 hours has gone up every year.  July 2015 was the last month the target was met for 95% of patients in England.  There were plans to change the target but in November 2022 it was to stay for at least 2 more years.  

In December 2022 more than 54,500 patients waited over 12 hours in emergency departments in England after doctors decided they needed a hospital bed. That is the highest-ever number and almost treble the figure for May.  The Royal College of Emergency Medicine found that people over 80 were spending 16 hours in emergency departments waiting for care or a bed. In 2021 it was 9 hours.  Such long waits mean people are less likely to recover.  In the winter of 2022/3 there were long delays when ambulances arrived at hospitals and attempted to hand patients over to emergency staff.

In January 2023 Rishi Sunak said he would improve ambulance performance so an average response time of 30 minutes for category 2 emergency calls such as heart attacks and strokes would be met in 2023/24. In December, patients waited over 90 minutes. The official target is 18 minutes.

## References
William Stokoe

**William C. Stokoe Jr.** was an American linguist and researcher. He is best known for his work on American Sign Language. Stokoe was given the R. R. Liederman Award by the New York Academy of Medicine.
Valerie Sutton

**Valerie Sutton** (born February 22, 1951) is someone who found a way to write how to move while dancing. She is also a former dancer.

## References
Larry Rivers

**Larry Rivers** (born **Yitzroch Loiza Grossberg**) (1923 – 2002) was an American artist, musician, and filmmaker.

Yitzroch Loiza Grossberg was born in the Bronx, New York. He changed his name to Larry Rivers in 1940 when he started his professional jazz career. He played the saxophone. After being in the U.S. Army Air Corps from 1942-43, he studied music at the Juilliard School of Music. There he met jazz musicians Miles Davis and Charlie Parker.

Rivers started painting in 1945 after he saw a show of Cubist paintings. In 1949 he had his first art show, and he became friends with the poets John Ashbery and Kenneth Koch. The next year he met poet Frank O'Hara. They began to work together on art and poems. They wrote many letters to each other until O'Hara died in 1966.

## Works
**Washington Crossing the Delaware* (1953)
*''O'Hara Nude With Boots* (1954)
**Double Portrait of Berdie* (1955)
**The Last Civil War Veteran* (1959)
**Cedar Bar Menu I and II* (1959)
**Dutch Masters and Cigars* (1963)
**The Greatest Homosexual, after "Napoleon in his Study” by David* (1964)
**History of the Russian Revolution: From Marx to Mayakovsky'' (1965)

## References
## Other websites 
* The Larry Rivers Foundation
* Larry Rivers at The Art Story
* Larry Rivers at The Hirshhorn Museum
Maitree (TV series)

***Maitree*** is a Indian drama television series that ran from 7 February to 17 September 2023 on Zee TV. It was produced under Sunshine Productions.

## Cast
The series stars Shrenu Parikh, Bhaweeka Chaudhary, Zaan Khan and Namish Taneja.

* Shrenu Parikh as Swati/Maitree
* Bhaweeka Chaudhary as Nandini
* Namish Taneja as Ashish
* Zaan Khan as Saaransh

## Production
The series was announced on Zee TV by Sunshine Productions. Shrenu Parikh, Bhaweeka Chaudhary, Zaan Khan and Namish Taneja were signed as the lead. The launch event for the series was held on 4 February 2023.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* *Maitree* at ZEE5
The Wizard (Black Sabbath song)

"**The Wizard**" is a 1970 song by English heavy metal band Black Sabbath. The song is on their first studio album *Black Sabbath*. On music charts, it went to number 4 in the United Kingdom and number 61 in the United States.

## References
Council Tax

**Council Tax** is a local taxation system used in England, Scotland and Wales. It started in 1993 when Poll tax was stopped.  

Every home is put into a band (A to H)  in England and Scotland or (A to I) in Wales depending on the value of it. It is collected by the local authority.  There is only one band for homes valued (in 1991) above £320,000 in England. 

If only 1 person lives there they only have to pay 75% of the tax. 

Some homes and some people do not have to pay.

## References
Make Believe (Toto song)

"**Make Believe**" is a 1982 song by American rock band Toto and is the second single from their fourth studio album *Toto IV*. It went to number 30 in the United States.

## References
Electronic health record

An **electronic health record** is a way of keeping the record of a person's health problems and treatments in electronic form so that it can be shared by health workers in different places.  It can let people see their own health records and add to them.  They also let scientists study many records so they can see patterns.  They are also used to make bills.   

Public health EHRs are used to monitor communities for infectious diseases and other health risks as well as to assist individual patients and families. They are systematic records used for statistical analysis and policy decision-making through visualization.  

Getting these records shared over large areas and between different organizations can take time and a lot of money.  When it is done, it can save a lot of time and money.

Deadlines to set up shared electronic records in various parts of the English National Health Service have been missed several times.  The latest plan was to "raise every NHS trust to a “core” level of digitisation by March 2025". When NHS Digital was closed in 2023 the money was mostly used for other things.

## Electronic Health Record VS Electronic Medical Record 
Electronic health record is the more comprehensive version of **Electronic medical record** that includes data from all providers and settings where a patient receives care.

## References
Cornufer caesiops

***Cornufer caesiops*** is a frog. It lives in the Nakanai Mountains on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea.

## First paper
*

## References
Laura Bailey

**Laura Bailey** (born May 28, 1981) is an American voice actress. Some of the characters she voiced are Lucina in the *Fire Emblem* franchise, Blaze the Cat in *Sonic the Hedgehog*, and Chun-Li from *Street Fighter*. She won the BAFTA for Best Performer in a Leading Role and Best Performance at The Game Awards for her role as Abby in *The Last of Us Part II*. It also the boss of Female voice 1 and President in *Saints Row: The Third*, *Saints Row IV* and *Saints Row Gat out of Hell*.

## References