open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Pattali Makkal Katchi

Pattali Makkal Katchi is a socio-democratic political party currently active and 3 rd largest party in Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for its fights against any kind of social injustice. Pattali Makkal Katchi was founded by Dr S Ramadoss an activist on 16 July 1980.PMK contested in the 2014 Lok Sabha election in an alliance with Bharatiya Janata Party led National Democratic Alliance and its candidate Anbumani Ramadoss won from Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency, where he is one of two non-AIADMK MPs from Tamil Nadu the other being from its alliance party BJP.

## Reference
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi

Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi  is a political party in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The party's vote base is mainly concentrated in the Kongu Nadu region of Tamil Nadu. It was a splinter party of Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam.On 21 March 2013, E. R. Eswaran launched new Party Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi, he also became the General Secretary of new party. He contested the May 2009 Loksabha elections as a Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in the Coimbatore constituency and came third, securing more than one lakh votes. He also came third in the 2009 by election for Thondamuthur Assembly Constituency.
## Reference
People's Welfare Front

The '''People's Welfare Front''' is a Tamil Nadu political alliance formed in October 2015. It consists of four political parties: Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist),  Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi, and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. The alliance is expected to contest Tamil Nadu and 2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly elections as one unit. Later it made an electoral alliance with Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam and Tamil Maanila Congress.

## Reference
Eilat Airport

**Eilat Airport** (, also known as **J. Hozman Airport**; ), or *Hozman Airport*, is an airport in Israel. It is in the coastal city of Eilat, in the south of the country.

Eilat Airport is a public airport, mainly for internal flights. It was established in 1949.

## Other websites 
*
Lactate dehydrogenase

**Lactate dehydrogenase** (**LDH** or **LD**) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). It catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvic acid and back.
 
This is an important function because lactic acid builds up in muscle tissue. LDH works to prevent muscle fatigue and failure in various ways. 

Each LDH molecule is made of four subunits. There are somewhat different types of LDH in different tissues. The main type in the lungs has two M subunits and two H subunits (2H2M). The M and H subunits are coded by two different genes. The M subunit is coded by LDHA on human chromosome 11, and the H subunit is coded by LDHB on chromosome 12.

## References
Million Reasons

"**Million Reasons**" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga.  It is the seventh track on her fifth studio album, *Joanne*.  The song became the second single from the album on October 28, 2016, after "Perfect Illusion". Gaga wrote the song with Mark Ronson and Hillary Lindsey, while she produced it with Ronson.

The song first reached number 52 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.  Gaga performed the song as the second-to-last song from her Super Bowl 51 halftime show, before "Bad Romance".  After her show, "Million Reasons" reentered at number four on the Hot 100. It became her 10th top-five and 14th top-ten song in the US. She performed it as the encore song on the piano on the Joanne World Tour. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 60th ceremony in 2018 but lost to "Shape of You" by Ed Sheeran.

The Recording Industry Association of America certified the song Platinum for sales and streams of over one million copies in the US alone.

## References
Barbara Carroll

**Barbara Carroll** (born **Barbara Carole Coppersmith**; January 25, 1925 &ndash; February 11, 2017) was an American jazz pianist and singer. Her career began in 1947. She was best known for her jazz trio, which had Benny Goodman in the line up. She also performed piano on Broadway plays. She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts

Carroll died on February 11, 2017, at the age of 92.

## References
Damian (musician)

**Damian Davey** (born **Damian Baker**; 30 September 1964 – 12 February 2017), better known as simply **Damian**, was an English pop musician. He was best known for his 1989 song "The Time Warp", a cover version of the original track from *The Rocky Horror Show*. He also did a cover of the song "Wig-Wam Bam" by the Sweet. He was born in Manchester.

Damian died from cancer on 12 February 2017, at the age of 52.

## References
Goms, Valais

**Goms** is a municipality of the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Blitzingen, Grafschaft, Münster-Geschinen, Niederwald and Reckingen-Gluringen merged into the new municipality of Goms.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the municipality of Goms
Jan Grabowski

**Jan Grabowski** (27 May 1950 &ndash; 13 February 2017) was a Polish speedway rider. From 1970 to 1980, he represented Falubaz Zielona Góra. He won two bronze medals at the Team Speedway Polish Championship, in 1973 and 1979, with the team. He later became a speedway coach. He was born in Myślibórz.

Grabowski died on 13 February 2017 in Zielona Góra, at the age of 66.

## References
Clint Roberts

**Clint Ronald Roberts** (January 30, 1935 &ndash; February 13, 2017) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for South Dakota from 1981 to 1983. He was born in Presho, South Dakota.

Roberts died from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on February 13, 2017 in Pierre, South Dakota, at the age of 82.

## References
Keith Kellogg

**Joseph Keith Kellogg Jr.** (born May 12, 1944), known as **Keith Kellogg**, is a retired general officer in the United States Army. President Donald Trump put Kellogg in charge of the  presidential transition agency action team for defense. He was named a foreign policy advisor to then presidential candidate Trump in March 2016. 

He was named Acting United States National Security Advisor on February 13, 2017 following the resignation of Michael T. Flynn.

In November 2024, President-elect Trump selected Kellogg to be his special envoy for Ukraine and Russia.

## References
Loukianos Kilaidonis

**Loukianos Kilaidonis** (; 15 July 1943 – 7 February 2017) was a Greek composer, songwriter and singer.

Kilaidonis was born in Athens. He studied at the Leonine Lycium of Patissia. afterwards he went to Thessaloniki where he studied architecture at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki for two years, where he finished his studies at the National Metsovo Polytechnic. 

Kilaidonis never did work in architecture because he started a career in music. His first work was the album *Our city* in 1970. Two years later he made the album *Red Thread* with Nikos Gatsos and the singers Manolis Mitsias and Dimitra Galani. 

Kilaidonis died in Marousi, Greece on 7 February 2017 from a respiratory infection, aged 73.

## References
Ren Xinmin

**Ren Xinmin** (; December 5, 1915 &ndash; February 12, 2017) was a Chinese rocket scientist. He was a specialist in astronautics and liquid rocket engine technology. He worked at the University at Buffalo.

## Early life
Ren was born in Ningguo, China. He studied at Southeast University and at the University of Michigan. 

## Career
Ren was the technical director of the Long March 1 rocket. It was used for the successful launch of China's first satellite, and chief designer of Chinese store able propellant rocket engine. He was also the chief designer for Long March 3 launch vehicle, Fengyun, and SJ (Shijian) series satellites.

Ren was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

Ren, Huang Weilu, Tu Shou'e and Liang Shoupan were bracketed together as "four venerable pioneers of astronautics (航天四老)" in China. They were granted the *Two Bombs and One Satellite Merit Medal* in 1999.

## Death
Ren died on February 12, 2017 in Beijing, aged 101.

## References
Lucky Pulpit

**Lucky Pulpit** (foaled February 10, 2001 &ndash; February 13, 2017) was an American Thoroughbred stallion. He stood at Harris Farms in Coalinga, California.

Lucky Pulpit was a son of the Blue Grass Stakes winner Pulpit, who in turn is a son of 1992 United States Horse of the Year A.P. Indy. Lucky Pulpit was the sire of the 2014 Kentucky Derby and 2014 Preakness Stakes winner and subsequent 2014 Horse of the Year, California Chrome.

Lucky Pulpit died of a heart attack in Arcadia, California on February 13, 2017, aged 16.

## References
Harvey Lichtenstein

**Harvey Lichtenstein** (April 9, 1929 – February 11, 2017)  was an American arts administrator.

He was best known for his 32-year tenure (1967–99) as president and executive producer of the Brooklyn Academy of Music, or BAM. He led the institution to a renaissance, championing contemporary performance, establishing the Next Wave Festival, and providing a vital venue for dance, theater, music, and collaborations that bridged disciplines. When Lichtenstein retired, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation made the decision to honor his considerable accomplishments by foregoing its own naming rights and dedicating the BAM Harvey Theater in his honor.

Lichtenstein was born in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Brooklyn College and at Black Mountain College. Lichtenstein died in Manhattan, New York on February 11, 2017 from complications of a stroke, aged 87.

## References
Åsleik Engmark

**Åsleik Engmark** (27 December 1965 &ndash; 12 February 2017) was a Norwegian comedian, actor, singer and writer. He was best known for his work as one of the co-founders of the Norwegian cabaret group Lompelandslaget. In Norwegian dubbing, he was well known for voicing Timon in *the Lion King* series, Mike Wazowski in the *Monsters, Inc.* and Woody in the *Toy Story* series. He was born in Oslo.

Engmark died of an illness on 12 February 2017 in Brussels, Belgium, at the age of 51.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tsuyoshi Yamanaka

was a Japanese freestyle swimmer. He won a total of five Olympic medals, four silvers and a bronze. He won medals at the 1956 (Melbourne), 1960 (Rome) and 1964 Summer Olympics (Tokyo). He was born in Wajima, Ishikawa Prefecture.

Yamanaka died from pneumonia on 10 February 2017 in Tokyo, at the age of 78.

## References
Sara Coward

**Sara Coward** (30 January 1948 – 12 February 2017) was an English actress. She was best known as the voice of Caroline Sterling in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera *The Archers*.

## Early life 
Sara Coward was born in Eltham, in the south-east of London, England, on 30 January 1948. She had two elder brothers: John and David.

Coward attended a local girls' grammar school. She read English and drama at Bristol University. She appeared in a scene, which was broadcast on 12 April 2012, when Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall made a cameo appearance. In January 2017, 40 days before her death, Coward had said that she wanted Caroline to survive. In the episode broadcast on 11 July 2017, it was revealed that Caroline had died suddenly but peacefully at the Sterlings' second home in Italy.

Coward was a trained and licensed acupuncturist.

### Illness and death 
Coward was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013. She underwent a mastectomy, however, a lump was found in her neck afterwards and she was further diagnosed with terminal cancer in 2016.

Coward died at a hospice in Warwickshire on 12 February 2017. She was 69. Coward was survived by her mother and her brother, David.

## References
Communist Party of India (Marxist)

The **Communist Party of India (Marxist)** is a Communist party in India. The party emerged from a split from the Communist Party of India in 1964. The CPI(M) was formed at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of India held in Calcutta from 31 October to 7 November 1964. The power of CPI(M) is concentrated in the states of Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura. At present in 2016, CPI(M) is leading the state governments in Tripura and Kerala. It also leads the Left Front in West Bengal.

## Reference
Carbon sink

A **carbon sink** is a natural or artificial reservoir that stores carbon-containing chemical compounds for a long period. Carbon sinks absorb more carbon than they release. 

A forest, ocean, or other natural environments produce surplus carbon. Carbon sinks are very important in our environment. They can be natural or man-made. Soil, ocean, forest and the atmosphere all store carbon and this carbon moves in a continuous cycle. The largest carbon sinks become swamps, bogs, and eventually coal measures.

In the regular carbon cycle, CO2 comes from the atmosphere and then is taken by plants and uses it in the process of photosynthesis.

## Related pages 
*Carbon fixation
M. K. Stalin

**Muthuvel Karunanidhi Stalin** (better known as M. K. Stalin; often referred to by his initials **MKS**) (born 1 March 1953) is an Indian politician,present Chief minister of Tamilnadu and President of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. He became the 1st Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 2009 to 2011.Stalin is the third son of famous Tamil Nadu politician Karunanidhi, and was born to his second wife, Dayalu Ammal. Stalin became the Minister for Rural Development and Local Administration in the Government of Tamil Nadu after the 2006 Assembly elections. On 29 May 2009, Stalin was nominated as Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu by Governor Surjit Singh Barnala. Stalin serves as the Treasurer and the Youth Wing President of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. On 3 January 2013, M. Karunanidhi named him as his heir apparent, ending a long time confusion about who would take over the party reins after Karunanidhi's death. He was the Mayor of Chennai from 1996 to 2002.

## Reference
Beam balance

Pots were used to measure grain in various parts of the world in ancient times.A **beam balance** is a device used to measure mass. An object is put into a disk on one side that hangs from one end of a bar. It is balanced with weights at the other end. It has a lever at the middle just for support with two equal arms and a pan suspended from each arm at the end of the beam by equal length of strings. More so it can be used to measure various object. It is a very useful machine. It is used by shopkeepers to weight the material which the customer is buying.

A beam balance is a type of scale that uses a beam with weights suspended from its ends to measure the weight or mass of an object. The object to be weighed is placed on one end of the beam, and weights are added to the other end until the beam is in equilibrium, meaning that the two sides are balanced. They are designed to measure the weight or mass of an object by suspending it from a beam.

## References
Sarah Knauss

**Sarah DeRemer Knauss** (née *Clark*; September 24, 1880 – December 30, 1999) was an American supercentenarian, and the world's oldest living person between the death of Canadian woman Marie-Louise Meilleur on April 16, 1998,

Knauss was a very short woman. She was  tall.

## Related pages 
*List of American supercentenarians

## Notes 
## References
Bilice, Kotor Varoš

**Bilice** is a populated place in the Kotor Varoš Municipality of Central Bosnia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Population
## Related pages
*Kotor Varoš

## References
Goyescas

***Goyescas*** is a Spanish opera with music by Enrique Granados and libretto by Fernando Periquet y Zuaznabar. It is based on the piano work by Granados which is also called *Goyescas*. As the melodies had already been created for the piano work, the words of the opera had to be chosen to fit them.

The opera was first performed in New York, on January 28, 1916.  It is not performed as often as the piano version.

## Story
Granados was inspired by the paintings of Francisco Goya.

## Principal characters
* Rosario - soprano
* Fernando - tenor
* Pepa - mezzo-soprano
* Paquiro - baritone

## Discography
* 1955: Consuelo Rubio (Rosario), Ginés Torrano (Fernando), Ana-María Iriarte (Pepa), Manuel Ausensi (Paquiro); Madrid Cantores, Orquesta Nacional de España, Ataúlfo Argenta - (Decca)
* 1996: Maria Bayo (Rosario), Ramón Vargas (Fernando), Lola Casariego (Pepa), Enrique Baquerizo (Paquiro); Orfeón Donostiarra, Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid, Antoni Ros-Marbà - (Auvidis)
* 1997: Carmen González (Rosario), Josep Ruiz (Fernando), Maite Arruabarrena (Pepa), Alfonso Echevarría (Paquiro); Coral de Bilbao, Orquesta de Cadaqués, Gianandrea Noseda - (TRITÓ)
* 2001: Rafaella Angeletti (Rosario), Yikun Chung (Fernando), Francesca Franci (Pepa), Davide Damiani (Paquiro); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro Lirico di Cagliari, Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos - (Dynamic)

## Sources
* *The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta*, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
Bobby Murdoch (footballer, born 1936)

**Bobby Murdoch** (25 January 1936 &ndash; 12 February 2017) was an English footballer. He played as a striker. He played for Liverpool, Bolton Wanderers, Barrow, Stockport County, Carlisle United, Southport and Wigan Athletic. He was also a player-manager for the amateur club South Liverpool. He was born in Garston, Liverpool.

Murdoch died on 12 February 2017, at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Bobby Murdoch at LiverpoolFC.com
Pusheen

**Pusheen** is a cartoon cat and an internet meme. She is seen in comic strips and sticker sets on Facebook. Some of the stickers are animated.  Pusheen was created in 2010 by Claire Belton a comic strip on her website, Everyday Cute. 

The original comic strip series used characters modeled after her owners, Belton and Duff. Also included was their dog named Care, and Pusheen, a female  gray tabby cat based on Belton's cat that now lives with her parents in Oregon. Pusheen's name comes from the word *puisín*, which means kitten in Irish.

## Social media 
Pusheen is an example of the popularity of cats on the Internet and in social media.  An exhibition at the New York City Museum of the Moving Image used Pusheen along with other celebrity cats such as Grumpy Cat, Keyboard Cat and Lil Bub as examples. 

The Facebook page for Pusheen has over 8.9 million followers as of March 2020. 

The brand has expanded with merchandise from Barnes & Noble, Hot Topic, and Petco. Pusheen is also now seen on: Instagram, Pinterest, and Twitter. The Pusheen Corp has created a mobile app to go along with their sticker collection that started on Facebook.  Also, the company has started releasing GIFs on their website several times a month.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Ta Phong Tan

**Tạ Phong Tần** (born September 15, 1968 in Vĩnh Lợi District, Bạc Liêu Province)  is a Vietnamese blogger.  She was a member of the Vietnamese Communist Party and an  officer in the Vietnamese security forces. In 2013 she received an International Women of Courage Award.

In 2006, she started a blog “Truth and Justice.”  She wrote about news and politics.  In 2011, she went to prison.  She was convicted of propaganda against the state. 

She was freed from prison on September 19, 2015. She went to live in the United States. 

## Awards 
*International Women of Courage Award, 2013
*FreeThe20 campaign 

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Mary Akrami

**Mary Akrami** is an activist from Afghanistan.  She started the Afghan Women Skills Development Center, a women's shelter in Kabul.  In 2007 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

## Life 
Akrami grew up in Kabul, Afghanistan.  During the war with the Taliban, her family left Afghanistan and went to live in Pakistan.  Akrami got a BBA degree in Administration and Economy from Peshawar in Pakistan.

## Work 
Akrami worked with a group of women to start classes in English and computer literacy for Afghan women in refugee camps.  They got help from the Aurat Foundation (an NGO in Pakistan) and the Afghan Women Skills Development Center (AWSDC). 

To promote human rights for women, they started a  peace building program in the Parwan province. They started 12 peace committees 6 and 1 central Shura in each district.  Women have 50% representation in the peace committees.

## References
Ricardo Arias Calderón

**Ricardo Arias Calderón** (4 May 1933 &ndash; 13 February 2017) was a Panamanian politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Party. He served as the first Vice President of Panama from 1989 to 1992.

Arias was born in Panama City. He studied at Yale and the Sorbonne. He was a Roman Catholic. He was married to Theresa and had four children.

Arias died on 13 February 2017 in Panama City, at the age of 83.

## References
The Proclaimers

**The Proclaimers** are a Scottish folk rock band. The members are twin brothers, Charlie and Craig Reid (born 5 March 1962). They are best known for the songs "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)", "Sunshine on Leith", "I'm on My Way" and "Letter from America". They are also known for singing with a Scottish accent.

The Reid brothers were born in Leith. They are fans of Hibernian and support Scottish independence.

## References
## Other websites
*
Woody Johnson

**Robert Wood** "**Woody**" **Johnson IV** (born April 12, 1947) is an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 2017 until 2021. He is a great-grandson of Robert Wood Johnson I (co-founder of Johnson & Johnson), and the owner of the New York Jets of the National Football League.

Johnson was nominated to be the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom by then President-elect Donald Trump on January 19, 2017.

## References
Jared Kushner

**Jared Corey Kushner** (born January 10, 1981) is an American real estate investor and developer and newspaper publisher. He was the senior advisor to his father-in-law, President Donald Trump.

## Career 
With White House Chief of Staff Reince Priebus and Chief Strategist Steve Bannon, he forms Trump's leadership team. Kushner is said to be President Trump's most trusted advisor, showing "unwavering loyalty" to his father-in-law.

In August 24, 2017, Jared Kushner visited Israel to meet  Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. He went to Palestine to meet President Mahmoud Abbas in an attempt to restart a peace process in the Middle East.

Kushner married Trump's daughter Ivanka Trump in 2009. They have several children.

## References
Israel Kamakawiwoʻole

**Israel Kaʻanoʻi Kamakawiwoʻole** (May 20, 1959 &ndash; June 26, 1997) was an American singer and musician. He was also known as **Bruddah Iz**. He is best known for his versions of the songs "Somewhere over the Rainbow" and "What a Wonderful World", recorded in 1988 and released in 1993. He also played the ukulele to his songs. He was a Native Hawaiian and supported independence of the U.S. state to become a sovereignty.

Kamakawiwoʻole was born in Honolulu. He was married to Marlene. The couple had a daughter, Ceslieanne (born ).

Kamakawiwoʻole had health issues because of his obesity. He died on June 26, 1997, in Honolulu, at the age of 38.

## References
## Other websites
*
Elisabeth Rehn

**Märta Elisabeth Rehn** (née **Carlberg**; born 6 April 1935) is a Finnish politician. She is a Swedish-speaking Finn, and was a member of the Swedish People's Party. She was the Minister of Defence from 1990 to 1995. She was also an Undersecretary General of the United Nations from 1995 to 1999.

Rehn was born in Helsinki. She was married to Ove Rehn from 1955 until his death in 2004. They had four children. She has survived cancer twice.

## References
## Other websites
*
Talking Body

**"Talking Body"** is a 2014 electropop song from singer and songwriter Tove Lo. The song was released to American contemporary hit radio on January 13, 2015 by Republic Records. The song comes from her studio album *Queen of the Clouds* (2014).

The song is about trying to seduce someone into sex.

"Talking Body" hit #12 on *Billboard* Hot 100.

## References
Bang Bang (Jessie J, Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj song)

**"Bang Bang"** is a pop-soul ballad from Jessie J, Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj. The song is about female empowerment, sex and feminism.

The song was released on August 17, 2014 as the lead single from Jessie J's studio album *Sweet Talker* (2014). The song is also off Grande's album *My Everything* (2014).

"Bang Bang" began at #1 in the United Kingdom. It hit the Top Ten in several countries, like Australia, Canada and the United States.

It won Favorite Song of the Year at the 2015 Kids' Choice Awards on Nickelodeon.

## References
Albion, Jackson County, Wisconsin

**Albion** is a town in Jackson County, Wisconsin, USA. As of the 2020 census the population was 1,197.

## References
Province of South Carolina

The **Province of South Carolina** (also known as the **South Carolina Colony**) was originally part of the Province of Carolina in British America. In 1776 the province became the U.S. state of South Carolina.

The Carolinas were named for King Charles II of England. The colony was first named "**Carolana**". Charles II had given the land to a group of eight nobles called the Lords Proprietors. In 1712 the Carolina Province split into the Province of North Carolina and Province of South Carolina. Both provinces became British royal colonies in 1729.

Lord Charles Montagu (1741-1784) was Royal Governor of the Province of South Carolina from 1766 to 1773. 

## References
Hans Trass

**Hans-Voldemar Trass** (2 May 1928-14 February 2017) was an Estonian ecologist, botanist, and lichenologist. He was a leading figure in vegetation science in the Baltic region, known for his work on plant communities, lichen diversity, and ecological assessment methods. Trass was a long-time member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences and served as an influence on generations of Estonian biologists. In In 1992, he received the Acharius Medal for his work in lichenology.     

## Early Life and Education
Hans-Voldemar Trass was born on 2 May 1928 in Nõmme, Tallinn, Estonia. He graduated from Nõmme Gymnasium in 1947 and went on to study biology at the University of Tartu from 1947 to 1952. After completing his postgraduate studies, he defended his Candidate's Thesis in 1955. During this time, Trass developed a strong interest for vegetation classification, geobotany, and the ecology relationships between plants and lichens.     

### Academic Career 
Following the completion of his doctoral training, Trass went on to have a well-received career at the University of Tartu. He worked as a lecturer, researcher, and professor. He served as the head of the Department of Plant Taxonomy and Geobotany (later known as the Institute of Botany and Ecology) for 35 years. He published widely on forest ecology, lichen taxonomy, and methods for describing vegetation. His work helped document the lichen flora of Estonia and provided important information about Baltic forest ecosystems. His career spanned more than four decades, and the majority of Estonian biologists consider themselves his students or academic descendants. for accessing air pollution levels. This became an important tool for environmental monitoring and later, in 1991, he proposed a method for determining ecological condition of primeval forests. ]]

## Awards and Honors 
Throughout his career, Trass received numerous awards in recognition of his scientific achievements. In 1992, he was awarded the Archarius Medal by the International Association for Lichenology for his contributions to the fields of lichenology and vegetation science. It was positively received and showcases his artistic abilities. 
## Legacy 
Hans-Voldemar Trass is remembered as a foundational figure in Estonian ecology and lichenology. His research, teaching, writing, and environmental advocacy helped shape modern vegetation science in the Baltic region. His publications and innovations still continue to influence ecological research in northern Europe.              

## References
Dinocephalosaurus

***Dinocephalosaurus*** is a genus of long necked, aquatic Archosaurs which lived in the Triassic seas. Its fossils are found in 244 ± 1.3 million year old rocks.  

Didocephalosaurus means "terrible headed lizard". The first specimen found was just a skull, discovered near Xinmin in Guizhou Province, China in 2002. The second specimen found nearby, and was the head and much of the postcrainal skeleton, minus the tail. *Dinocephalosaurus* is the "first record of protorosaurid reptile (Order Protorosauria) from the Middle Triassic of China".

A new specimen found in Yunnan Province, southern China, showed evidence of live births (ovoviviparity). This is the earliest known example of this in the large group of tetrapods which includes dinosaurs, crocodiles, pterosaurs and birds.

## References
Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin

**Ashwaubenon** is a village in Brown County, Wisconsin, USA. As of the 2020 the population was 16,991.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official village website
Bagley, Wisconsin

**Bagley** is a village in Grant County, Wisconsin, USA. As of 2020, the population was 356.

## References
Baldwin, Wisconsin

**Baldwin** is a village in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, USA. As of 2020, the population was 4,291.

## References
Hammond, Wisconsin

**Hammond** is a town in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, USA. As of 2020 the population was 2,565.

## References
Manfred Kaiser

**Manfred** "**Manni**" **Kaiser** (7 January 1929 &ndash; 15 February 2017) was a German footballer. He played as a midfielder. He played for Wismut Gera, Wismut Aue and the East Germany national team. He was born in Zeitz.

Kaiser died on 15 February 2017 in Lindau, at the age of 88.

## References
Helen Sharman

**Helen Patricia Sharman** OBE FRSC (born 30 May 1963) is a British chemist and astronaut. 

She became the first British astronaut and the first woman to visit the Mir space station in 1993.

She worked as a research and development technologist for GEC in London and later as a chemist for Mars Incorporated dealing with nice properties of chocolate.

Sharman was born in Grenoside, Sheffield.

## References
Azerbaijan State Russian Drama Theatre

]]

**Azerbaijan State Russian Samed Vurgun Drama Theatre** (, ), is a drama theatre in Baku, Azerbaijan performing plays in the Russian language. The plays of the theatre are mainly from Russian literature, and the rest are plays from Azerbaijani and European  writers. The theatre was founded in 1937 and in 1956 was renamed after the Azerbaijani poet Samed Vurgun. The theatre show plays not just for adults, but for children too.

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website
Tim Raines

**Tim Raines** (born September 16, 1959) is a professional baseball coach and former player.  He was a seven-time All-Star with the Montreal Expos. His 808 stolen bases rank 5th in Major League Baseball (MLB) history.

In 2017, he was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

## References
Prince William Sound

**Prince William Sound** is a body of water in the Gulf of Alaska.  A sound is a small body of water that comes in from the ocean.  Prince William Sound is on the south side of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is on the east side of the Kenai Peninsula. Its biggest port is Valdez, at the south end of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. Other towns on the sound include Cordova and Whittier.

James Cook went in Prince William Sound in 1778.  He named it Sandwich Sound, after the Earl of Sandwich. The Sound's name was changed in the same year.  It was then named after George III's third son Prince William Henry.  Prince William was then 13 years old.  He was in the Royal Navy.

Most of the land near Prince William Sound is part of the Chugach National Forest. Chugach is the second largest U.S. National Forest.  Prince William Sound is ringed by the Chugach Mountains.  These mountains are steep.  The coast is complex. It has many islands and fjords.  It also has some glaciers.

In 1964, a tsunami hit the sound.  It was caused by the Good Friday earthquake.  It killed many people in the town of Chenega.  It destroyed the town of Valdez.

In 1989, the oil tanker *Exxon Valdez* ran aground.  It caused a large oil spill, which damaged the environment. It killed around 250,000 seabirds, nearly 3,000 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles and up to 22 killer whales.

## References
Infante Henrique, Duke of Coimbra

D. **Infante Henrique, Duke of Coimbra** (6 November 1949 – 14 February 2017) was an Infante of Portugal. He was a member of the former Portuguese Royal Family as the youngest son of Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza, and Princess Maria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza. Infante Henrique was fifth in the line of succession to the former Portuguese throne. His elder brother, Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, is head of the House of Braganza, which ruled Portugal until 1910.

Henrique died on 14 February 2017 in Lisbon, aged 67.

## References
Anthony Lake

**William Anthony Kirsopp "Tony" Lake** (born April 2, 1939) is an American politician, author, academic, and former American diplomat, Foreign Service Officer, and political advisor.

Lake was the executive director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). He has been a foreign policy advisor to many Democratic U.S. presidents and presidential candidates. He served as National Security Advisor under U.S. President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997. Lake is known as being one of the individuals who developed the policy that led to the resolution of the Bosnian War.

He also held the chair of Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, in Washington, D.C.

Lake converted from Christianity to Judaism.

## References
## Other websites
* An article about Lake's conversion to Judaism, and how he went from being Bill Clinton's National Security Advisor to a supporter of Barack Obama.
* Lake's Georgetown Homepage
* Source Watch entry for Anthony Lake 
* National Security Archive on Nixon's consideration of use of nuclear weapons in Viet Nam and Anthony Lake's role
* A blog post on the "Rubin Lake Incident" in Guam
* UN Biography Anthony Lake
*
Stuart McLean

**Andrew Stuart McLean**, OC (April 19, 1948 – February 15, 2017) was a Canadian radio broadcaster, humorist, monologist, and author. He was best known as the host of the CBC Radio program *The Vinyl Cafe*. 

He was often called as a "story-telling comic". He had written many serious stories. He was known for his voice and his ability to change his popular stories to make them different on every show.

McLean was diagnosed with melanoma in November 2015. He died on February 15, 2017 from the disease in Toronto, aged 68.

## References
Peter Simonischek

**Peter Simonischek** (6 August 1946 &ndash; 29 May 2023) was an Austrian movie and stage actor. He appeared in more than sixty movies, beginning in 1980. Simonischek was known for his role as Winfried Conradi/Toni Erdmann in the 2016 movie *Toni Erdmann*. He won the European Film Award for Best Actor and was nominated for a London Critics Circle Film Awards for Best Actor and a Toronto Film Critics Association Awards for Best Actor.

Simonischek died on 29 May 2023 from a short-illness in Vienna, Austria at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bruce Lansbury

**William Bruce Mageean Lansbury** (12 January 1930 &ndash; 13 February 2017) was an English-American television producer. His career lasted over 30 years, starting from the 1960s to the 1990s. He was known for producing many famous television shows such as *The Wild Wild West*, *Mission: Impossible*, *Knight Rider* and *Murder, She Wrote*. 

## Early life
Lansbury was born in London. He was the grandson of former Labour Party leader George Lansbury. He was the younger brother of actress Angela Lansbury. He became a citizen of the United States in 1954.

## Career
His career began in 1953, but became frequent in the 1960s. He retired officially in 1996, but returned to write a screenplay for a TV movie about *Murder, She Wrote* in 2003.

Lansbury served as producer of 69 episodes of *The Wild Wild West*, from 1966-69, and 38 episodes of *Mission: Impossible*, from 1969-1972. Lansbury served as producer of *Wonder Woman*, *Knight Rider* and executive producer for the science fiction series *The Fantastic Journey*. 

His name appears in the closing credits of *The Brady Bunch*, *Happy Days* and *The Odd Couple* as "Vice President of Creative Affairs" for Paramount Television.

Lansbury served as producer of 88 episodes of *Murder, She Wrote*, starring his sister, Angela. He was also a writer for 15 episodes of the show.

## Death
Lansbury died on 13 February 2017 at his home in La Quinta, California from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
Pete McCloskey

**Paul Norton "Pete" McCloskey Jr.** (September 29, 1927 &ndash; May 8, 2024) was an American politician. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing California from 1967 to 1983. He ran on an anti-war platform for the Republican nomination for President in 1972 but was defeated by incumbent President Richard Nixon.

## Political career
He won election to the House of Representatives in 1967, defeating Shirley Temple in the Republican primary.

He was a co-chair of the first Earth Day in 1970. This led to Robertson suing McCloskey and negatively impacting Robertson's own presidential campaign.

In April 2007, McCloskey switched his affiliation to the Democratic Party. He was a critic of the Iraq War and supported John Kerry over President George W. Bush in the 2004 presidential election.

## Personal life
McCloskey was born in Loma Linda, California. He studied at Stanford University. 

He was a decorated United States Marine Corps veteran of combat during the Korean War, being awarded the Navy Cross, the Silver Star, and two awards of the Purple Heart. The cause of death was kidney and congestive heart failure.

## References
## Other websites
*
 Retrieved on 2008-02-19
*McCloskey's letter endorsing McNerney, July 27, 2006
**Contra Costa Times* story on McCloskey's party switch
*Pete McCloskey: Leading from the Front - documentary film aired July 5, 2009, on Truly CA: Our State, Our Stories - KQED
*McCloskey's participation in panel, ''The Shape and Mission of the U.S. Military: What's Ahead for America?'' at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library
Jenny Slate

**Jennifer Sarah "Jenny" Slate** (born March 25, 1982) is an American, actress, voice actress and author. 

She is best known for her role as Donna Stern in *Obvious Child*, as well as being the co-creator of the *Marcel the Shell with Shoes On* short movies and children's book series. 

She is also known for her season as a cast member on *Saturday Night Live* from 2009 to 2010 and for her appearances in shows such as *House of Lies*, *Married*, *Parks and Recreation*, ''Bob's Burgers*, *Hello* *Ladies*, *Kroll Show*, and *Girls and Star vs. the forces of evil as Pony Head.*

In 2017, she voiced Harley Quinn in *The Lego Batman Movie''.

Slate was born in Milton, Massachusetts. She studied at Milton Academy and Columbia University. In 2012, Slate married Dean Fleischer-Camp. They divorced in 2016. In 2021, she married Ben Shattuck.

## References
## Other websites
*
Grant Hackett

**Grant George Hackett**  (born 9 May 1980) is a former Australian swimmer. He is best known for winning the men's 1500 metres freestyle race at both the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He retired after the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Hackett was born in Southport of the Gold Coast, Queensland. He was married to singer Candice Alley from 2007 to 2013. The couple have twin children, born in 2009.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Grant Hackett  at Sports-Reference.com
Violet Brown

**Violet Brown** (née **Mosse**; 10 March 1900 &ndash; 15 September 2017) was a Jamaican supercentenarian who at the time of her death, at the age of , was the oldest verified living person in the world from the death of Emma Morano on 15 April 2017 until her death 5 months later.

She was also the first verified supercentenarian from Jamaica and the oldest verified Jamaican person ever. Brown was born when Jamaica was a part of the British Empire and was the last living former subject of Queen Victoria.

## Life 
Her date of birth was variously reported as 4 March 1900, 10 March 1900, and 15 March 1900. However, it was officially recognised as 10 March 1900 by the Guinness World Records.

Her son, Harland Fairweather (April 15, 1920 – April 19, 2017), was known as the oldest person with a parent alive.

## Death 
Brown died on 15 September 2017 at a hospital in Montego Bay, Saint James Parish, Jamaica of heart failure caused by dehydration at the age of 117. She was the 4th oldest recorded person in history at her death, behind Jeanne Calment, Sarah Knauss and Marie-Louise Meilleur.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Violet Mosse Foundation, a nonprofit support organisation for contributing to the well-being of all elderly persons. This foundation was founded by Violet Brown's relatives and named after Violet Brown. (The site is now closed and the link is Wayback Machine.)
Pointer aliasing (computer programming)

**Pointer aliasing** is where two or more pointers reference the same memory location. It can cause issues with optimizing compilers.

## Related pages
*Type aliasing (computer programming)
Stećak

**Stećak** (Стећак, ; plural: **Stećci**, Стећци, ) are monumental tombstones made in medieval Bosnia. 

## History
The Stecci are relared to the Vlachs who lived in the Dinaric Alps of Herzegovina since the Middle Ages. Most of the Stecci were created after the X century and until the Turk invasion of the Balkans. According to the scholar Wenzel the Stecci are the clear evidence of the existence of a romance territory in the area between Italy and Romania, that now has disappeared.

## Data
The tombstones are mostly in Bosnia and Herzegovina with a smaller amount in the border area of Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia. About 60,000 are found within the territory of the  modern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The rest of 10,000 are found in what are today Croatia (4,400), Montenegro (3,500), and Serbia (4,100). The stećak are at more than 3,300 odd sites with over 90% in poor condition.

## References
Alderman

An **alderman** is a politician in local government. Together with the mayor aldermen govern municipalities, they are the local executive power.

Aldermen are usually chosen by the people of a municipality or by the municipal council.

## Related pages
* Councillor
* Deputy mayor
* Ealdorman
Deputy mayor

A **deputy mayor** is a politician who governs the local government, together with the mayor. They can be considered as the executive local power.

## Related pages 
* Alderman
Vernayaz

**Vernayaz** is a municipality in the district Saint-Maurice in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Aoi festival

]]
The **Aoi Festival** or **Aoi Matsuri** (葵祭)  is one of Kyoto's most three famous festivals.  The other two are  the Gion Festival and Jidai Matsuri. The Aoi Festival takes place on May 15 each year. The main attraction of the festival is a large parade in Kyoto. Over 500 people dress in the aristocratic style of the Heian Period (794-1185) for the parade. They walk from the Imperial Palace to the Kamo Shrines. Aoi is Japanese for "Hollyhock" The festival is named after the Hollyhock leaves that are worn by the people in the parade.

## History
The Aoi Matsuri began in the 7th century. This was before Kyoto was made the national capital in 794.  Its exact origins are not known. It is likely that natural disasters were happening, These were believed to be caused by the deities of the Kamo Shrines. After the Emperor made offerings to the gods, the disasters ended and a tradition was begun. The festival's official name is Kamo Matsuri because of the shrines.

The festival grew in popularity. During the Heian Period, when people used the word festival, they meant the Aoi Matsuri. In modern times, the parade shows the high regard that the festival has. There are people riding horses, large bouquets of flowers, decorated carts pulled by oxen, and many women in kimono with the year's Saiō.

## Saiō
The Saiō was a young female member of the imperial family. She was the high priestess of the Kamo Shrines. During festivals, the Saio performed rituals at the shrines. In modern times, an unmarried woman from Kyoto is chosen each year to be Saio. She must go through purification ceremonies before the festival. She is taken through the procession on a palanquin.
Šibovi

**Šibovi ** (Шибови) is a settlement in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska entity, Kotor Varoš Municipality.

According the data on Census Year of 1991, in this poulated place leaved 671 cititens.

## Population
## Related pages
*Kotor Varoš

## References
Hot stick

A Hot stick is a tool used by Utility Workers (known as Linemen or Linesmen) dealing with high voltage electricity.  It is an insulated pole made usually from Fiberglass, measuring anywhere from 5ft-10ft, up to about 40ft in length.  It can have different tools attached to the end of it, making it possible to do everything from tightening bolts and nuts, through to testing voltage or removing and replacing fuses.

Hot sticks are usually used when the installation being worked on is live, or "".  Most electrical work on High Voltage networks is done whilst the power is still active, making equipment like this a very important piece for safety purposes.  Working "hot" saves electricity users from being disconnected while routine maintenance is taking place.
Source region

**Source Region** in meteorology is a region where air masses get their specific humidity and temperature. A source region could be land or water.  It is called maritime and continental air masses if the air masses sit over water and land, respectively.

## References
Laura Innes

**Laura Innes** (born August 16, 1957) is an American actress and television director. She played the Dr. Kerry Weaver in the NBC medical drama series *ER*. She also played Bunny Mather in the TV sitcom *Wings*.

Innes is also a stage actress.

Innes was born in Pontiac, Michigan.

## References
Josef Augusta (ice hockey)

**Josef Augusta** (24 November 1946 &ndash; 16 February 2017) was a Czechoslovak ice hockey player and coach. He won a silver medal at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. He later was head coach of Czech national hockey team at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. He was the father of Patrik Augusta. He was born in Havlíčkův Brod.

Augusta died from pancreatic cancer on 16 February 2017 in Jihlava, at the age of 70.

## References
Cipriano Chemello

**Cipriano Chemello** (19 July 1945 &ndash; 14 February 2017) was an Italian cyclist. he won the Olympic bronze medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in team pursuit with Lorenzo Bosisio, Giorgio Morbiato and Luigi Roncaglia. He was born in Crespano del Grappa, Veneto.

Chemello died on 14 February 2017 in Bassano del Grappa, Veneto, at the age of 71.

## References
Michael Cole (public relations)

**Michael Cole** is a former BBC journalist. He was their Royal Correspondent. After leaving the BBC, he worked as Director of Public affairs for Harrods. He was also spokesman for Harrod's owner Mohamed Al Fayed.

Cole began his career in newspapers. He then worked in television. He worked for the BBC from 1968 to 1988.

In 1973, the BBC sent him to Israel. His job there was to report on the Yom Kippur War.

After leaving the BBC he started to work for Harrods. 

He is now chair of his own company. It is called Michael Cole & Company Limited. It is a public relations and broadcasting company.

He has also written for the East Anglian Daily Times newspaper.

## References
Antisuppressor

**Antisuppressor** is a mutation with the response against suppression effects of nonsense suppression or suppression chemicals.

In 1976, Rieger, Michaelis, and Green have been stated:

## See  also 
* Suppressor gene
* Gene expression
* Nonsense suppression

## References