open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bernie Morris

**Bernard Patrick Morris** (August 21, 1890 - May 16, 1963) was a Canadian ice hockey player for the old Seattle Metropolitans of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association.  When the Metropolitans became the first U.S.-based team to win the Stanley Cup in 1917, Morris scored 14 of Seattle's goals (in a best-of-five series).

## Playing career
Born in Brandon, Manitoba, Morris played for several senior teams in Manitoba and Saskatchewan before joining the Victoria Aristocrats of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) in 1914. He moved over to Seattle the following season, and played eight seasons for Seattle, and was a member of the Stanley Cup champion 1917 team. He played in two other Finals, the ill-fated 1919 series, and the 1923 series. He had an outstanding 1917 series, scoring 14 goals in four games. In 1923, he joined the Calgary Tigers and played a season and a half before joining the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). From 1925 unil 1930, he finished his career with various teams in the minor California Pro League, the Can-Pro and International League.

## References
## Other websites
*
Marshall Warren Nirenberg

**Marshall Warren Nirenberg** (April 10, 1927 - January 15, 2010) was an American biochemist. He won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Robert W. Holley and H. Gobind Khorana, for work on the genetic code and protein synthesis 

## References
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson

**Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson** (born 8 December 1832 in Kvikne, Norway - died 26 April 1910 in Paris, France) was a Norwegian playwright, author and poet who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1903.

His father was a Lutheran minister, but Bjørnson rejected organized religion. He married Karoline Reimers, a famous stage actress, and their son Bjørn also had great success as a stage actor, and appeared in a few early silent films. Their daughter, Bergljot, married Henrik Ibsen's son Sigurd.

He attended grammar school, Heltbergs Studentfabrikk in Oslo, with Henrik Ibsen, but dropped out of a course at the University of Oslo. By his early twenties he was writing literature reviews for the Norwegian newspaper, Morgenbladet. At 25 he wrote his first produced play, *Mellem Slagene* (Between the Battles). His *Paul Lange og Tora Parsberg* was a statement for political tolerance, and *På Guds veie* ("In God's Way") for religious tolerance. He is best known internationally for his tales of peasant life in Norway. His novel, *Synnöve Solbakken*, has been filmed three times. Bjørnson also worked as a stage director, and later served as editor of another paper, Aftenbladet, where he wrote fiery liberal editorials and passionately defended Alfred Dreyfus. His poem, "Yes, We Love This Land", is the Norwegian national anthem.

The cause of his death is unknown.

## Books
* *Synnöve Solbakken* (1857, novel)
* *En glad Gut* (A Happy Boy) (1860, novel)
* *Sigurd Slembe* (Sigurd the Bad) (1862, epic poem)
* *Fiskerjenten* (The Fisher Maiden) (1868, novel)
* *Digte og sange* (Poems and Songs) (1870, poems)
* *Arnljot Gelline* (1870, epic poem)
* *Magnhild* (1877, novel)
* *The Bridal March, and Other Stories* (1882, short stories)
* *Captain Mansana, and Other Stories* (1882, short stories)
* *The Fisher Maiden* (1882, novel)
* *Railroad and Churchyard* (1882, novel)
* *Det flager i byen og på havnen* (The Heritage of the Kurts) (1884, novel)
* *På Guds veje* (In God's Way) (1889, novel)
* *Geografi og Kærlighed* (Geography and Love) (1889, novel)
* *Three Comedies* (1925, collected plays, published posthumously)
* *Three Dramas* (1925, collected plays, published posthumously)

## Plays
* *Mellem Slagene* (Between the Battles) (1857)
* *Halte-Hulda* (Lame Hulda) (1858)
* *Kong Sverre* (King Sverre) (1861)
* *De Nygifte* (The Newly Married) (1865)
* *Arne: A Sketch of Norwegian Country Life* (1866)
* *The Happy Boy: A Tale of Norwegian Peasant Life* (1870)
* *En fallit* (A Bankruptcy) (1874)
* *Redaktøren* (The Editor) (1874)
* *Kongen* (The King) (1877)
* *Kaptejn Mansana* (Captain Mansana) (1878)
* *Det nye System* (The New System) (1879)
* *Leonarda* (1879)
* *The Wedding-March* (1882)
* *En Handske* (A Gauntlet) (1883)
* *Over Ævne* (Beyond Powers) (1889)
* *Over Ævne II* (Beyond Powers II) (1895)
* *Laboremus* (1901)
* *På Storhove* (At Storhove) (1902)
* *Daglannet* (Dag's Farm) (1904)
Ragnar Granit

**Ragnar Arthur Granit**  (30 October 1900 – 12 March 1991) was a Finnish-Swedish doctor and scientist. He won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald) for his work on the eye.

## History
His father was a forester, Arthur Wilhelm Granit, and his mother was Albertina Helena Malmberg Granit. Ragnar Granit married Baroness Marguerite Emma Bruun ("Daisy") in 1929.

For his research into the internal electrical impulses that take place as the eye processes vision, Ragnar Granit was given the 1967 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology.

Granit received Swedish citizenship during World War II, and once said that his Nobel Prize "belongs fifty-fifty to Finland and Sweden".

## Education
* High School: Swedish Normallyceum, Helsinki (1919)
* University: Åbo Akademi University (1919)
* University: BS Medicine, University of Helsinki (1924)
* University: BS Philosophy, University of Helsinki (1924)
* Medical School: MD, University of Helsinki (1927)
* Scholar: Oxford University (1927-28)
* Scholar: Physiology, University of Helsinki (1929, 1932-33)
* Scholar: Medical Physics, University of Pennsylvania (1929-31)
* Professor: Physiology, University of Helsinki (1935-40)
* Professor: Physiology, Rockefeller University (1956-66)
* Scholar: Royal Caroline Institute, Stockholm (1940-46)
* Professor: Neurophysiology, Royal Caroline Institute, Stockholm (1946-67)

## References
Natural rights and legal rights

**Natural rights** are rights that believe it is important for all humans and animals to have.  These rights are often called "inalienable", meaning they can never be taken away. 

The idea first came up in ancient times but was discussed most famously by English philosopher John Locke in the 1600's. Locke said that the most important natural rights are "Life, Liberty, and Property". In the United States Declaration of Independence, the natural rights mentioned are "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness".  The idea was also found in the Declaration of the Rights of Man. Locke, Jefferson, and others think that the purpose of government is to protect peoples' natural rights. A social contract is an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. There have been many times in history that natural rights have been breached by both governments and individual people.

## Related pages 
*Fundamental rights
*Natural law
*Social contract
Copper (color)

in a tube.]]
**Copper** is the color of the metal copper.  It is a purplish-orange color.

The first recorded use of *copper* as a color name in English was in 1594.

## Meaning of copper 
* Like the colors gold and  silver, copper represents wealth because the metal copper is valuable, but less valuable than gold or silver.  The metal copper is of value mainly to use as electrical wiring because copper is the best conductor of electricity after silver.

## Tones of copper color comparison chart 
## Related pages
*List of colors

## References
Fontainebleau

**Fontainebleau** () is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is  south-southeast of the centre of Paris. 

Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department. It is the seat of the Arrondissement of Fontainebleau. The commune has the largest land area in the Île-de-France region. It is the only one to cover a larger area than Paris itself.

Fontainebleau, together with the neighbouring commune of Avon, Seine-et-Marne and three other smaller communes, form an urban area of 36,713 people (according to the 1999 census). This urban area is a satellite of Paris.

Fontainebleau is known for the large and scenic Forest of Fontainebleau, a favourite weekend getaway for Parisians. It is also known for the historical Palace of Fontainebleau, which once belonged to the kings of France.
Shin-Ōsaka Station

**Shin-Ōsaka Station** (新大阪駅,しんおおさかえき) is a railway station of JR West, JR Central and Osaka Municipal Subway in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan.

## Adjacent stations 
;JR West
: Sanyō Shinkansen
:::Kyoto (Tōkaidō Shinkansen) - **Shin-Ōsaka** - Shin-Kobe
:Tōkaidō Line (JR Kyoto Line)
:: Special Rapid Service
::: Takatsuki - **Shin-Ōsaka** - Ōsaka
:: Rapid Service
::: Ibaraki - **Shin-Ōsaka** - Ōsaka
:: Local
::: Higashi-Yodogawa - **Shin-Ōsaka** - Ōsaka
: Through trains to and from the Hanwa Line
:: Rapid Service, B Rapid Service
::: **Shin-Ōsaka** - Nishikujo
;JR Central
: Tōkaidō Shinkansen
:::Kyoto - **Shin-Ōsaka** - Shin-Kobe (Sanyō Shinkansen)
;Osaka Municipal Subway
: Midōsuji Line
:::Higashi-Mikuni (M12) - **Shin-Ōsaka** (M13) - Nishinakajima-Minamigata (M14)

## Other websites
Mudrock

]]
]]

**Mudrocks** make up most of the sedimentary rocks on Earth.

With increased pressure over time the platey clay minerals may become aligned, with the appearance of parallel layering (fissility). This finely bedded material which splits readily into thin layers is called *shale*, as distinct from *mudstone*.

From the beginning of civilization, when pottery and mudbricks were made by hand, to now, mudrocks have been important. The first book on mudrocks was not published until 1964. However, scientists, engineers, and oil producers have understood the significance of mudrocks since the discovery of the Burgess Shale and the relatedness of mudrocks and oil.

## Related pages 
*Mud
*Mudstone

## References
Viridiplantae

**Viridiplants** (**Viridiplantae**, 'green plants') are the clade which includes the green algae and land plants.

In some classification systems they have been called **Plantae**, by expanding the traditional plant kingdom (Embryophytes) to include the green algae.

Adl and colleagues, who produced a classification for eukaryotes in 2005, used the name **Chloroplastida** for this group, reflecting the group having primary chloroplasts with green chlorophyll. They rejected the name Viridiplantae on the grounds that most of the species are not plants, as understood traditionally.

There are more than 350,000 species of Viridiplantae.

## Group structure
The monophyletic Chlorophyta and Charophyta are classified under Viridiplantae. A common classification is:
*Viridiplantae
**Chlorophyta 
**Streptophyta
***Embryophyta
***Charophyta
'Green algae' is not used here because they are definitely not monophyletic. It is just a convenience term for Chlorophyta and Charophyta together.

There are different opinions about the classification. Another opinion is that only the Charophyceae are closely related to land plants, and that arrangement is simplified as:
*Viridiplantae
**Chlorophyta 
**Charophyta
***Streptophyta
****Embryophyta
****Charophyceae

## References
Maria Mitchell

**Maria Mitchell** (1818&ndash;1889) was one of the first female astronomers. She was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts. She attended a local girls school. Later, Mitchell attended a school run by her father. Mitchell opened her own school when she was 17. Her school had many programs. These programs allowed students to birdwatch. They also allowed students to observe astronomy.

Mitchell’s love for astronomy started when her father began keeping a small observatory. She began to observe space and notice things. The accomplishment that made Mitchell famous was when she discovered a comet in October 1847. The comet was later known as Miss Mitchell's comet, and is now called C/1847 T1. She received a medal from the king of Denmark after discovering the comet.

Mitchell also helped make accurate calculations of time, latitude, and longitude. Mitchell became the first woman elected to join the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the year after. In 1850, she joined the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Afterward, she became professor of astronomy at Vassar College in 1865. She stayed there until she retired in 1888. Mitchell died one year later at age 71.

After Mitchell’s death, she was recognized as a great astronomer. In 1905, she was elected into the Hall of Fame for Great Americans.

## References
Mudstone

Peninsula, being Silurian in date. They consist of mudstones and siltstones with some volcanic material (County Kerry)]] 

A **mudstone** is a siliciclastic sedimentary rock which has a mixture of silt- and clay-sized particles (at least 1/3 of each). So, a mudstone is a type of mudrock with a more varied grain size than either siltstones or claystones.

Alternatively, some sources say it is a synonym for mudrock.

## Claystone 
A **claystone** is a mudrock  which does not split easily.

In order for a rock to be a claystone, it must be up to half (50%) clay, whose particles measure less than 1/256th of a millimeter.

## Related pages
*Mud

## References
Lego Mindstorms NXT

**Lego Mindstorms NXT** is a robotic kit. It is made to build and program first robot in 30 minutes. The kit replaces a system called Robotics Invention System. The available versions are: *Lego Mindstorms NXT 1.0* (set #8527), *Lego Mindstorm NXT 2.0* (set #8547) and *Lego Mindstorms Education NXT* (set #9797). It comes with the NXT-G programming software. It is possible to use unofficial programming languages, such as NXC, NBC, leJOS NXJ, and RobotC using software that is not included with the kit.

The main component in the kit is computer module that controls the robot's movements and actions called the *NXT Intelligent Brick*. It has 32-bit microprocessor, four inputs, three outputs, Bluetooth communications, a speaker, 1 USB 2.0 port, and a 100×64 LCD display. Also, the NXT includes three powerful servo motors with rotation sensors. Very simple programs can be created in the menu on the *NXT Intelligent Brick *without a computer.  More complicated programs can be downloaded via Bluetooth or USB from the computer to the robot. The graphical, drag-and-drop programming language NXT-G is simple, but complete enough to be usable.

The NXT comes with five types of sensors: Touch, Light, Sound, Ultrasonic, and Rotation. The sound sensor is not included in the Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0 kit. 
* The touch sensor reacts to touch and release. It can detect single or multiple button presses, and reports back to the *NXT Intelligent Brick*.
* The Light Sensor enables the robot to decide what is light and what is dark and the light intensity, or hue, of different colors.
* The Sound Sensor is able to measure noise levels in both dB (decibels) and dBA (frequencies around 3–6&nbsp;kHz where the human ear is most sensitive)
* The Ultrasonic Sensor is able to detect an object and measure distance in inches or centimeters.
* The Rotation Sensor is built into every motor so position and speed are always available to NXT programs.

In the *Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0* is new Colour sensor. It can detects different colours and measure the amount of reflected light and ambient light.
Siltstone

(below) in the Utica Shale (Ordovician) near Fort Plain, New York.]]

A **siltstone** is a mudrock. For a rock to be a siltstone, it must be over fifty percent silt-sized material.

Silt is any particle smaller than sand, 1/16th of a millimeter (~0.06&nbsp;mm), and larger than clay, 1/256th (~0.004&nbsp;mm) of millimeter. Silt is the product of physical weathering, such as freezing and thawing. Physical weathering does not involve any chemical changes in the rock, just its physical breaking apart.

One of the highest proportions of silt found on Earth is in the Himalayas, which get rainfall of up to five to ten meters (16 to 33 feet) a year. Quartz and feldspar are the biggest contributors to silt. Silt tends to be non-cohesive, non-plastic, but can liquefy easily.

There is a simple field test to judge whether a rock is a siltstone or not, and that is to put the rock to one's teeth. If the rock feels "gritty" against one's teeth, than it is a siltstone.

## References
*Folk, R.L., 1965, *Petrology of sedimentary rocks* PDF version . Austin: Hemphill’s Bookstore. 2nd ed. 1981. 
*Williams, Howel; Francis J. Turner and Charles M. Gilbert 1954. *Petrography*, W.H. Freeman
The Night Santa Went Crazy

"**The Night Santa Went Crazy**" is an original song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a style parody of "Black Gold" by Soul Asylum.
Lorne Michaels

**Lorne Michaels** (born November 17, 1944) is the creator of *Saturday Night Live*. He has also produced movies. Michaels was born in Toronto. He moved to Los Angeles in 1968. He is the executive producer of *The Tonight Show* as well as *Late Night with Seth Meyers*. Michaels was given an Honorary Doctorate from Ryerson University in 1999.

## References
Audi 100

The **Audi 100** is a car produced by Audi from 1968 to 1994. It was available as 4-door saloon and 5-door estate. It was replaced by the Audi A6. A 5-cylinder petrol version was sold as Audi 200.

## Gallery

File:Audi100ls bj1973.jpg|First generation
File:Audi 100 C2 91167016 1.jpg|Second generation
File:Audi 100 C3, BJ 1987.JPG|Third generation
File:Audi 100 C4 front 20070801.jpg|Fourth generation
Alaska Marine Highway

. The big blue object on the back of the boat is part of the elevator for putting cars in the ship's hold.]]
The **Alaska Marine Highway** or the **Alaska Marine Highway System** (AMHS) is a ferry service operated by the government of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is based in Ketchikan, Alaska. The ferries have many different ways of being used. Passengers can stay inside in lounges or individual cabins, or can stay outside on the "sun deck." You can also bring a car or other vehicle with you for more money. The ferries operate along the coast of Alaska and also out to the Aleutian Islands. They also run all the way down to Bellingham, Washington sometimes. 

## References
Yi Jianlian

**Yi Jianlian** (born October 27, 1984 in Heshan, Guangdong) is aprope a Chinese former professional basketball player. Yi began his professional career in China with the Tigers, and was chosen with the sixth pick in the 2007 NBA Draft by the Milwaukee Bucks. He played for the Bucks from 2007–08, the New Jersey Nets from 2008–10, and the Washington Wizards in 2010–11, after which he became a free agent. Because the NBA's owners locked out the players at the start of the 2011–12 season, Yi returned to China to play with the Tigers. Once the lockout ended, he returned to the U.S. and signed with the Dallas Mavericks. He played two games with the Texas Legends of the D-League before joining the Mavericks for the rest of that season. After the 2011–12 season, Yi once again returned to his original Chinese team.

Yi was featured on the cover of the August 24, 2003 issue of Time magazine.

On August 30, 2023, Yi decided to retire from playing professional basketball after his last season with the Guangdong Southern Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).

## Age dispute
Since he was drafted by the Bucks, his age has been the subject of controversy. There is strong evidence that he was actually born in 1984 not in 1987 as first thought. It is widely thought that Chinese officials lied about his age so that he could play for more years in tournaments for younger players (under 19, or under 21). One Chinese basketball official admitted in 2006 that past Chinese junior teams included over-age players, and an American who played with Yi in China has said that players' ages were often changed.  Yi has never commented on his age. In 2007 and 2008, Yi's date of birth was further scrutinized as being 27 October 1984, including a Chinese reporter discovering a high school enrollment form from 1997 that listed Yi as being born on 27 October 1984.

## References
National Geographic Society

The **National Geographic Society** is one of the world's largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations. Founded in January 27, 1888 to "increase and diffuse geographic knowledge," the Society works to inspire people to care about the planet. It reaches more than 350 million people worldwide each month through its official journal, *National Geographic*, and four other magazines; National Geographic Channel; television documentaries; radio programs; films; books; DVDs; maps; and interactive media. National Geographic has funded more than 8,000 scientific research projects and supports an education program combating geographic illiteracy.

## Description 
The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world. Its interests include geography, archaeology and natural science, the promotion of environmental and historical conservation, and the study of world culture and history. The National Geographic Society’s logo is a yellow rectangular border, which became famous while appearing around each front page of the society's magazine.
Günther (singer)

**Mats Söderlund** (better known by his stage name, **Günther**) is a Swedish Europop/Eurodance singer and songwriter.

Günther is probably best known for his song, "Ding Dong Song" which featured the lyrics *"Ooohh, you touch my tralala... Mmmmm, My ding ding dong."*.

## Albums
## Websites
*Günther's Official website
Unix shell

A Unix shell, also called terminal or console, is a program that accepts Unix commands from the keyboard and executes them. These commands can be installed programs, for example:
* **ls** to list files
* **cp** to copy files
* **man** to get more information on commands

The commands do not need to come from the keyboard. They will, generally speaking, come from stdin. A Unix shell is a command line interface made especially for the control of a Unix system. There are different Unix shells, most notably bash, sh, C Shell and zsh. Their syntax is similar, for example the following dialog to find out your CPU type would be possible with all of them:
 # cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep --max-count=1 "model name"
 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU         860  @ 2.80GHz
Skandar Keynes

**Skandar Keynes**, or ‘”Alexander Amin Caspar Keynes” is a British actor, born 5 September 1991. He starred Edmund Pevensie in The Chronicles of Narnia. He appeared in all three movies, *The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe* (2005), *Prince Caspian* (2008) and *The Voyage of the Dawn Treader*, which was released on December 10, 2010.

## Personal Life 
Keynes was born in London. He was the son of Zelfa Hourani and author Randal Keynes. He has an older sister, Soumaya Keynes (born 1989), who also starred in many productions of the BBC Radio 4. His grandparents by his mother’s side were Furugh Afnan and Cecil Fadlo Hourani. Cecil Fadlo Hourani used to be an author and also advisor to Habib Bourguiba, the late Tunisian president. Cecil Hourani was also the brother of Albert Hourani, a historian who studied about the Middle East. The Hourani family were immigrants to England.
On his father’s side, Keynes is the grandson of Richard Keynes, the nephew of the Cambridge professor Simon Keynes, and the great-great-nephew of John Maynard Keynes, an economist. His great-great-great-grandfather was the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, who invented the theory of evolution. Keynes' great-grandparents were Edgar Adroam. 1st  Barpm Adoroam and Hester Adrian, Baroness Adrian, both receivers of the Nobel Prize.
Keynes had stated that he is an atheist. Keynes attended the Anna Scher Theatre School from 2000 to 2005. He went to the all-boys City of London School, and took his GCSEs in May and June 2008. He studied biology, chemistry, maths, and history at A-level. In October 2010 he began his degree in Arabic and Middle Eastern History at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He is currently a movie critic, writing for *The Citizen*, the City of London School weekly school newspaper. He is also a fan of English football club Arsenal.

Keynes lives presently in Highbury, London.

## Career
He auditioned for *The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe* at the same time as he asked for the role of Simon Brown in *Nanny McPhee*, but lost the role to Thomas Sangster. His voice got deeper when he was filming *The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe*, so his sister Soumaya had to voice some of his lines.

Recently, he starred in *The Voyage of the Dawn Treader*, the third installment of *The Chronicles of Narnia* movie series. The filming began in July 2009, and finished in December of the same year. The movie was released on 10 December 2010 in Britain and the US. In 2014 he Provided his voice as Sir Allen Kerr in Heirloom audio production's In Freedom's Cause radio drama.

## Filmography 
### Wins
### Nominations
## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* Interview over the movie Prince Caspian  (12 May 2008)
*Prince Caspian On set interview  (July 2007)
*Cinema Confidential interview (December 7, 2005)
Murder of Joanna Yeates

**Joanna Clare "Jo" Yeates** (19 April 1985 – 17 December 2010), was a 25 year-old English woman who disappeared on 17 December 2010 in Bristol. Yeates' boyfriend reported her missing on 19 December. An investigation into her disappearance was soon afterwards started. Yeates' dead body was found on 25 December. Police stated that she had been strangled and had been dead for several days before being found. On 30 December, Yeates' landlord, 65-year-old Christopher Jefferies, was arrested on suspicion of Yeates' murder, and was released on bail in early 2011. Avon and Somerset Police received help from a criminal profiler, clinical forensic psychologist Doctor Glenn Wilson who has worked on other high profile criminal cases.

In October 2011, Dutch engineer Vincent Tabak was found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum of 20 years. 

## References
Quillajaceae

**Quillajaceae** is a flowering plant including two species, i.e. *Q.saponaria* and *Q.brasiliensis*. Formely included in Rosaceous taxa 

## References
Seinäjoki

The City of **Seinäjoki** is the center of the Southern Ostrobothnia in Finland and one of the fastest growing urban city centers in Finland. Seinäjoki has a population of more than 60 000 inhabitants and in the Southern Ostrobothnia region there are about 200 000 inhabitants.

Seinäjoki is established 1868.

In 2005, the former municipality of Peräseinäjoki was merged into Seinäjoki. In 2009, the neighbouring municipalities of Nurmo and Ylistaro were merged with Seinäjoki.

Seinäjoki offers high-quality education from primary school to university level as well as good jobs and living conditions for all age groups. Seinäjoki region is Finland's sixth largest market area and offers very competitive and attractive trade services.
A pleasant urban and garden-like environment, short distances, and a wide range of housing types is typical to the city's daily life.

Seinäjoki is known for the unique administrative and cultural center designed by architect Alvar Aalto. The city hosts various summer festivals such as Provinssirock, Tango Festival and Race and Rock Festival (Vauhtiajot), which attract tens of thousands of people to enjoy the city year after year.

Seinäjoki is good living 24 hours a day.

## Population grow
## References
## Other websites
*Website
Eudibamus

***Eudibamus*** is an extinct genius of biped bolosaurid (a reptile) from the early Permian some 290 million years ago of Germany. *Eudibamus* is claimed to be the first bipedal vertebrate.
Neil Davidge

**Neil Davidge** (born 1962 in Bristol, United Kingdom) is a record producer, songwriter, movie score composer, musician and occasional backing singer. Once a helper of dance producers, DNA, he is best known as the long-term co-writer, producer and key background musician for the music production band Massive Attack. (In 1997, he also produced the Sunna album, *One Minute Science*.) During that time he has established a career as a movie score composer including movies such as *Push*, *Bullet Boy*, *Trouble the Water* and additional music for *Clash of the Titans*.

Artists he has worked with include UNKLE, Damon Albarn, Elizabeth Fraser, Mos Def, David Bowie and Snoop Dogg.

Most recently he recorded "The Storm That Brought Me To You" with Tina Dico for the *Clash of the Titans* soundtrack, the first *vocal* track for which he is credited as an artist separately from Massive Attack.

## References
Jadwiga of Poland

)]]
**Jadwiga Andegaweńska**' (1374  1399) became the King of Poland on 16 October 1384 at the age of eleven. She was crowned as a king, not queen. Her royal title was: * Hedvigis Dei Gracia Rex Poloniae, necnon terrarum Cracoviae, Sandomiriae, Syradiae, Lanciciae, Cuyaviae, Pomeraniaeque domina et heres,* (Jadwiga the grace of God, the Polish king, and heir to the land in Kraków, Sandomierz, Sieradz, Łęczyca, Kujawy and Pomerania). She was the daughter of Louis Hungarian, King of Poland and Hungary).

Jadwiga married a Lithuania Grand Duke, Jogaila (Władysław Jagiełło) on 18 February 1386. After her death during childbirth on 17 July 1399, her husband became the King Ladislaus II of Poland.

In 1997 she was made a saint by Pope John Paul II.

## References
Jill Clayburgh

**Jill Clayburgh** (April 30, 1944 - November 5, 2010) was an American actress. She was  for several Academy Awards. Clayburgh was born in New York City and died from leukemia. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Cybill Shepherd

**Cybill Lynne Shepherd** (born February 18, 1950) is an American actress. She  has acted in many sitcoms, television programs and movies. She starred in *Moonlighting* with Bruce Willis.

Shepherd had melanoma in 2002.

## Other websites 
*
Peugeot 207

The **Peugeot 207** is a car produced by Peugeot from 2006 to 2014. It is available with 4-cylinder petrol and diesel engines. It is based on the same platform as the Citroën C3. It was sold as a 3 or 5-door hatchback with a hard-top convertible and estate versions added in 2007, facelifted in 2009 and was replaced in 2012 by the 208, the estate was replaced by the 2008 crossover in 2013 but the convertible was not replaced. 

## Engines 
* *1.4* 54 kW (73 hp)
* *1.4 16V* 65 kW (88 hp)
* *1.4 VTi* 70 kW (95 hp)
* *1.6 16V* 80 kW (109 hp)
* *1.6 VTi* 88 kW (120 hp)
* *1.6 THP* 110 kW (150 hp)
* *1.6 RC* 128 kW (174 hp)
* *1.4 HDi* 50 kW (68 hp)
* *1.6 HDi* 66 kW (90 hp) and 80 kW (109 hp)
Bacterial microcompartment

A **bacterial microcompartment** is a structure inside bacteria. They are made of a protein shell which surrounds and encloses various enzymes. They are similar to eukaryotic cell organelles, but do not have plasma membranes. They do not contain lipids.

These compartments are typically about 100-200 nanometres across and made of interlocking proteins.

Protein-enclosed compartments are also found in eukaryotes, such as enzyme encapsulation.

## References
Electroweak interaction

In particle physics, the **electroweak interaction** or **electroweak force** is the description of two of the four known fundamental interactions of nature which are electromagnetism and the weak interaction. Though different, the theory models show them as two different parts of the same force. It proves that if the universe is hot enough, then the electromagnetic force and weak force merge into a combined electroweak force. 

Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg were awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for their works to the unification of the weak and electromagnetic interaction.

## References
Claire Danes

**Claire Catherine Danes** (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress. She was born in New York City, New York. Danes starred as Angela Chase in *My So-Called Life* in the 1994-1995 television season. She also acted in many movies, including the 1996 movie *Romeo + Juliet* and the 2010 movie *Temple Grandin*. She plays Carrie Mathison in *Homeland*.

## Personal life 
Danes was married to Hugh Dancy, they have three children together, first son born in 2012, second son born in 2018, and first daughter born in 2023.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Heather Locklear

**Heather Locklear** (born September 25, 1961) is an American actress. She has been in many movies and television series. Her most notable performance was starring as Amanda in *Melrose Place*. She also played Sammy in *Dynasty* and Caitlin in the sitcom *Spin City*. Locklear was born in Los Angeles.

On June 24, 2018, after being released on bail for accounts of battery, Locklear overdosed on drugs and was hospitalized.

## References
## Other websites
*
Susan Lucci

**Susan Lucci** (born December 23, 1946) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Erica Kane on the award winning soap opera *All My Children* on ABC. Some information sources say Lucci was born during 1946, while others say that she was born in 1948.

Lucci was born in Scarsdale, New York. She has been married to Helmut Huber since 1969. She has a daughter, actress Liza Huber and a son, Andreas Huber.

## References
Burn

A **burn** is an injury to a person's skin or flesh caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. Most burns are due to heat from hot liquids, solids, or fire. While rates are similar for males and females the underlying causes often differ. Among women in some areas, risk is related to use of open cooking fires or unsafe stoves. Most burn injuries occur at home (73%) or at work (8%), and most are accidental, with 2% due to assault by another, and 1–2% resulting from a suicide attempt. Burns can cause inhalation injury to the airway and/or lungs, occurring in about 6%.

## Characteristics 
Burns are usually minor. They are usually Degree One to a minor Degree Two. People may get more powerful burns from high heat or radioactive items.

### 1st Degree Burns 
Degree One burns are minor and can be cured at home. They seldom leave scars. A person can get them from hot water, a minor sunburn, or by touching hot metal. It causes pain, but only the top layer of skin is burnt and no nerves are injured.

### 2nd Degree  Burns 
Degree Two burns can be cured at home, but some people take them to the hospital. This degree of burn goes into the second layer of skin.

### 3rd Degree  Burns 
Degree Three burns are the most severe burns that most people can survive from. Although they may be severe, the chances of death are low if treated at the hospital right away. It burns through all three layers of skin, leaving a scab.

### 4th Degree  Burns 
This degree of burn goes through the skin and destroys the nerves near it. There is no pain at the location of the 4th degree burn area, due to the destruction of the nerves, but there can be immense pain that occurs in the area surrounding the burn. Very few survive it. It must be treated at the hospital ASAP if it occurs and the person is still alive.

## History 
Cave paintings from more than 3,500 years ago show burns and their management. The 1500&nbsp;BC Edwin Smith Papyrus describes treatments using honey and the salve of resin (may be myrrh). Guillaume Dupuytren expanded these degrees into six different severities in 1832.

The first hospital to treat burns opened in 1843 in London, England and the development of modern burn care began in the late 1800s and early 1900s. During World War I, Henry D. Dakin and Alexis Carrel developed standards for the cleaning and disinfecting of burns and wounds using sodium hypochlorite solutions, which significantly reduced mortality. In the 1940s, the importance of early excision and skin grafting was acknowledged, and around the same time, fluid resuscitation and formulas to guide it were developed. In the 1970s, researchers demonstrated the significance of the hypermetabolic state that follows large burns.
## Notes 
* 

## References
Álvaro Obregón

**Alvaro Obregón Salido** (February 19, 1880 &ndash; July 17, 1928) was a Mexican farmer, warlord and general. He was one of the key players in the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) and it is his election as President in 1920 that is considered by many as the ending point of the Revolution, although the violence continued afterwards. A brilliant and charismatic general, his rise to power is contributed to his effectiveness, ruthlessness, and the fact that he was the only one of the Revolution's “Big Four” still standing after 1923, as Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata and Venustiano Carranza all were assassinated.
Sexual reassignment surgery

**Sexual reassignment surgery** (SRS) is also called **gender reassignment surgery**, **sex reassignment surgery** or a **sex change**. SRS is one or more surgeries that are done to change the body's genitals or other sexual characteristrics. Transgender people may get SRS to make their body match their gender identity.

There are many different kinds of surgeries that fall under the category of "sexual reassignment surgery."

For transgender women ("male-to-female" transgender people), some types of sexual reassignment surgery are:
*Phallectomy (removing the penis)
*Orchiectomy (removing the testicles)
*Vaginoplasty (where a surgeon creates a vagina)
*Breast implants
*Voice therapy

For transgender men ("female-to-male" transgender people), some types of SRS are:
*Mastectomy (removing the breasts)
*Hysterectomy (removing the uterus)
*Phalloplasty (where a surgeon creates a penis; however, this surgery is more difficult and dangerous than vaginoplasty for transgender women)

Transgender people may get one of these surgeries, a combination, or no surgeries at all.

Some international laws on human rights cover SRS. For example, the Declaration of Montreal and the Yogyakarta Principles say that transgender people must be allowed SRS. These laws say that if health insurance companies did not cover SRS, they would be discriminating against transgender people.

In 1972, Sweden became the first country to let transgender people change their legal gender after surgery and offer free treatment for gender reassignment. Singapore followed in 1973, becoming the first in Asia to do so.

## Related pages
*Transsexualism
*Sex assignment
*Gender transition
*Body modification
## References
Artificial insemination

artificially inseminates a horse ]]**Artificial insemination** is when sperm is put into the cervix of a female to make her pregnant without sexual intercourse. It is often used for breeding livestock (animals). It can also be used in human insemination. It is the process of breeding without sexual intercourse. It is when the sperm of a male is extracted from the body and inserted the cervix and which in theory will make a woman pregnant.

## Related pages 
* Assisted vaginal delivery
* In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and Partner assisted reproduction (in-vivo fertilisation, sex)
* Symphysiotomy
Alicia Silverstone

**Alicia Silverstone** (born October 4, 1976) is an American actress and activist. She was born in San Francisco, California to an English father and Scottish mother. Silverstone's movies include *Clueless*, *Batman and Robin* and *Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed*.

## Personal life 
Alicia was married to musician, radio show host and actor Christopher Jarecki on June 11, 2005. They have one child together, a son named Bear Blu Jarecki (born May 5, 2011). They divorced in 2018.

## Other websites 
*
Francisco I. Madero

**Francisco I. Madero** (October 30, 1873 - February 22, 1913) was a reformist politician and writer. He was President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913 and never held any other political office. He started the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which helped overthrow the dictator, President Porfirio Díaz.

Madero could not change all of the government. Some people did not like him, because he had removed Diaz from power. The revolutionary forces thought that he was not radical enough and should have done more. 

Victoriano Huerta, a general who had served under Diaz, removed Madero from power in 1913 and executed him.
Milk substitute

A **milk substitute** is a product that looks and tastes like milk. The mammary glands of mammals produce milk. In milk substitutes many of the ingredients of milk are replaced: A milk substitute may contain fat and proteins obtained from plants. People with a lactose intolerance or a milk allergy often replace milk by a substitute. 

The two most common categories of milk substitutes are grain milk and plant milk.  The most common grain milk is oat milk, while the most common plant milk is soy milk.  Other examples include coconut milk, almond milk, and peanut milk.
Staffordshire Bull Terrier

The **Staffordshire Bull Terrier**, sometimes nicknamed as a **Staff**, is an English dog breed.It is  a medium-sized dog- Originally, it was bred for dog fighting. It is related to the Bull Terrier. Its appearance is similar to the American Staffordshire Terrier and American pit Bull Terrier, but it is smaller than both of them. It grows to a wrist height of 12-17cm and a weight of about 11-17 kg.

In Great Britain, the dog is often kept as a "family dog". Staffordshire Bull Terriers have also been trained as search and rescue dogs.

In other countries, such as Germany, this dog breed is seen as problematic; these countries may have put restrictions in place regarding the breeding and keeping such dogs. The people keeping such dogs may need to undergo tests to determine whether they are allowed to keep them. Staffordshire Bull Terriers have also starred in various films, with an example in the 2019 animated movie *Jacob, Mimmi and the Talking Dogs*.
Lou Bega

**Lou Bega** was born as ***David Lubega*** on 13 April 1975 in Munich, Germany.

He is a Latin pop musician, famous for his song “Mambo No. 5”. This song is a remake of the Perez Prado instrumental from 1952. Bega added new  to the song and sampled the original version extensively.

Bega had a multicultural upbringing as his mother is Sicilian and his father is from Uganda. Bega spent time in Miami during his teenage years.

Lou Bega has made music for Tropico video game.

## References
Rök runestone

The **Rök runestone** is a runestone. It has an inscription of about 760 runes, which is the longest known runic inscription in stone. It is on display at the church of Rök, a small village in the south of Sweden. It is considered the first piece of written Swedish literature and marks the beginning of the history of Swedish literature.

## Gallery

File:Ög-136-runsvenska.opus|A reading of the Rök stone's text in Old East Norse.
File:Rökstenen2.JPG|right|The front of the stone. The beginning of the inscription is vertically at the bottom left.
File:Rökstenen_Ög_2020_3.jpg|The back of the stone. Elder futhark runes are written at the bottom.
File:Rök.jpg|right|The stone is under a roof and is near the church where it was discovered.

## References
## Other websites
Francis Bouillon

**Francis Bouillon** (born October 17, 1975) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman. He played parts of 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Montreal Canadiens and Nashville Predators. He also played for Leksands IF of the HockeyAllsvenskan and HC Ambrì-Piotta of the National League A (NLA).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Bouillon played parts of 2 seasons with the Laval Titan, 1 season with the Laval Titan Collège Français, and 1 season with the Granby Prédateurs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He helped the Prédateurs win the Memorial Cup in 1996.

He was not drafted by an NHL team. In 1998, he signed a contract with the Montreal Canadiens. He played 3 seasons with them.

On September 30, 2009, Bouillon signed a try-out contract with the Nashville Predators. He extended his contract on June 18, 2010.

On July 1, 2012, Bouillon signed a one-year; $1.5 million contract to return to the Montreal Canadiens. On March 20, 2013, he signed a one-year extension to stay with the Canadiens. He was released by the Canadiens on October 6, 2014.

On September 25, 2015, Bouillon announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## Career statistics 
### Regular season and playoffs
### International
### International
## References
## Other websites 
*
The Dong-a Ilbo

***The Dong-a Ilbo*** (, Hanja:東亞日報) is a big South Korean newspaper.

## Other websites 
*  
* Economydonga 
* Dongascience
Jerry Moran

**Gerald Wesley "Jerry" Moran** (born May 29, 1954) is an American Republican politician. He is the senior U.S. Senator from Kansas since 2011. Moran was a U.S. Representative from 1997 to 2011.

## References
Walter Mummery

**Walter Mummery** (born September 10, 1893, date of death unknown) was a professional ice hockey player. He played for the Quebec Bulldogs from 1914 until 1917. His brother Harry also played professional hockey.

## Playing career
Born in Chicago, Illinois, United States, the Mummery family moved to Brandon, Manitoba. In 1913, Walter joined the Brandon Wheat Cities of the Manitoba Hockey League. The next season, 1914–15, Walter joined the Quebec Bulldogs of the National Hockey Association (NHA), where he played until the end of the 1916–17 NHA season. The following year, the Quebec club did not operate in the new National Hockey League (NHL) and Mummery was assigned to the Montreal Canadiens. Mummery was loaned to the Montreal Wanderers in December 1917, but did not play a game for the Wanderers either. Before Mummery played a game, the Wanderers arena burned down. Mummery did not play pro hockey until 1919–20, when he joined Edmonton of the Big 4 League for one season. By then, Quebec was operating in the NHL and his rights were assigned to Quebec but he did not return.
Iskandar of Johor

**Sultan Iskandar Ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail** (April 8, 1932 - January 22, 2010) was the sultan of the southern Malay state of Johor. He had held this position since 1981. In the 1960's he won the first Johor Grand Prix. He also caused trouble in 1993, when he assaulted a hockey coach who had not followed his son's instructions. This led to a change in Malayasian law that means in future, sultans would have to obey the laws.

Tengku Mahkota of Johor Tunku Ibrahim Ismail, his eldest son, was appointed to be the new sultan.

## References
Unconformity

. The rugged point shows gently sloping beds of 345 million year old Devonian Old Red Sandstone above vertical beds of 425 million year old Silurian greywacke.]]
 is approximately 500 million years old. The reddish rhyolite on which the dolomite rests is approximately 1.5 billion years old. There is a billion years of geologic history missing in this picture. Missouri Ozarks.]]

An **unconformity** is a  in the sequence of rocks in a geologic column. It is a buried erosion surface separating two rock strata of different ages. It shows that sediment deposition was broken for a time, usually because the land was above sea level at that time. 

Usually, the older layer was exposed to erosion for some time before deposition of the younger. However, the term is used to describe any break in the sedimentary record.

Many millions of years may separate the rocks above and below the discontinuity.  

James Hutton found examples of unconformity in Scotland, at Jedburgh in 1787 and at Siccar Point in 1788.

The rocks above an unconformity are younger than the rocks beneath (unless the sequence has been overturned). An unconformity represents time during which no sediments were preserved in the region. 

The local record for that time interval is missing and geologists must use other clues to discover that part of the geologic history of that area. The interval of geologic time not represented is called a *hiatus* (= 'gap').

## References
JoongAng Ilbo

The ***Joong-ang Ilbo*** (Hangul: , Hanja:) is a big South Korean newspaper. Another name is **Korean Joong-ang Ilbo**.

## Korea JoongAng Daily 
The ***Korea JoongAng Daily*** is the English language version of the newspaper, and it is one of three big English-language daily newspapers in South Korea, along with *The Korea Times* and *The Korea Herald*.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Joong-ang Ilbo:English
* The Joong-ang Ilbo:Sisamedia 
* American Joong-ang Ilbo