open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gottfried Honegger

**Gottfried Honegger** (12 June 1917 &ndash; 17 January 2016) was a Swiss artist and graphic designer. From 1955 through 1958, he was art director at Geigy. He worked at the University of Dallas until his death in 2016.

Honegger was born in Zürich, Switerland. He was married to the Swiss illustrator Warja Lavater. He studied shop-window display at the Zurich Kunstgewerbeschule and taught there from 1948. His early work was commercial graphic design. Honegger died at his home in Zürich, Switzerland from a short-illness, aged 98.

## References
## Other websites
* Gottfried Honegger on artnet
* Gottfried Honegger by Museo Cantonale d’Arte von Lugano http://www.e-mca.ti.ch/lugano/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultListView/result.t2.artist_list.$TspTitleLink$0.link&sp=10&sp=Sartist&sp=SfilterDefinition&sp=0&sp=1&sp=3&sp=SsimpleList&sp=0&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=13
Michel Tournier

**Michel Tournier** (19 December 1924 &ndash; 18 January 2016) was a French writer. He has won awards such as the ''Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française* in 1967 for *Friday, or, The Other Island* and the Prix Goncourt for *The Erl-King* in 1970. He was a member of the Académie Goncourt. His autobiography has been translated and published as *The Wind Spirit'' (Beacon Press, 1988). He had been named as a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in Paris, France.

Tournier died on 18 January 2016 in Choisel, France at the age of 91.

## References
Viral envelope

]]
A **viral envelope** is the outermost layer of a virus. It protects the virus when it moves between host cells as part of its life-cycle. Not all viruses have envelopes.

The envelopes are made from parts of the host cell membranes (phospholipids and proteins), but include some viral glycoproteins. They may help viruses avoid the host immune system. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope help to identify and bind to receptor sites on the host's membrane. The viral envelope then fuses with the host's membrane, allowing virus genome to enter and infect the host.

Some enveloped viruses also have a capsid. This is another protein layer, between the envelope and the genome.

The cell from which a virus buds often dies or is weakened. The lipid bilayer envelope of these viruses is sensitive to desiccation, heat, and detergents This makes it easier to sterile these viruses than non-enveloped viruses. They can not survive for very long outside host environments, and usually need to move directly from host to host. They are very adaptable and can change in a short time in order to evade the immune system. Enveloped viruses can cause persistent infections.

## Examples of enveloped viruses 
There are several classes of enveloped viruses that can infect humans and cause illness:

* DNA viruses
** Herpesviruses
** Poxviruses
** Hepadnaviruses
** Asfarviridae
* RNA viruses
** Flavivirus
** Alphavirus
** Togavirus
** Coronavirus
** Hepatitis D
** Orthomyxovirus
** Paramyxovirus
** Rhabdovirus (Rabies)
** Bunyavirus
** Filovirus
* Retroviruses
** Retroviruses

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Bulworth

***Bulworth*** is a 1998 American political comedy movie. Warren Beatty plays the title character. Halle Berry plays Nina. Don Cheadle plays L.D.. Paul Sorvino plays Graham Crockett. Christine Baranski plays Constance Bulworth.

## Plot
In the movie, California Senator Jay Bulworth is losing his bid for re-election to a fiery young populist. His socialist views, formed in the 1960s and 1970s, have lost favor with voters. He has changed to more conservative politics. He also accepts donations from big corporations. Furthermore, he and his wife have been having affairs for years, with each other's knowledge.

Bulworth is tired of politics. He is also unhappy with his life in general and planning to commit suicide. He negotiates a $10 million life insurance policy with his daughter as the beneficiary. Knowing that a suicide will void his daughter's inheritance, he plans to have himself murdered in two days' time.

Bulworth turns up in California extremely drunk. He also smokes marijuana and raps in public. His frank and offensive remarks make him an instant media darling and re-energize his campaign. Along the way he becomes romantically involved with a young black activist named Nina. Nina tags along with him on his campaign stops. As the movie progresses, he gets pursued by paparazzi, his insurance company and the public.

## Cast
* Warren Beatty as Senator Jay Billington Bulworth
* Halle Berry as Nina
* Oliver Platt as Dennis Murphy
* Don Cheadle as L.D.
* Paul Sorvino as Graham Crockett
* Jack Warden as Eddie Davers
* Isaiah Washington as Darnell
* Christine Baranski as Constance Bulworth
* Amiri Baraka as Rastaman
* Joshua Malina as Bill Feldman
* Sean Astin as Gary
* Barry Shabaka Henley as the bartender
* Helen Martin as Momma Doll
;Cameos
* William Baldwin as Constance's lover
* Larry King as himself
* Michael Clarke Duncan as Bouncer
* George Hamilton as himself

## Reception
*Bulworth* made a great deal of controversy. However, it received a positive reception from movie critics. It has a 75% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

## Box office
The movie was released on May 15, 1998. It did extremely well in limited release. It took in more than $29 million in the box office.

## References
Paul Sorvino

**Paul Sorvino** (April 13, 1939 &ndash; July 25, 2022) was an American actor. He often played authority figures on both sides of the law. He played Paul Cicero in the 1990 gangster movie *Goodfellas*. He also played NYPD Sergeant Phil Cerreta in *Law & Order*. He was the father of actress Mira Sorvino.

Mr. Sorvino was born in Brooklyn, New York City.

On July 25, 2022, Mr. Sorvino died of natural causes at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida at the age of 83.

## References
Isaiah Washington

**Isaiah Washington IV** (born August 3, 1963) is an American actor. He has been in several movies made by Spike Lee. Between 2005 and 2007, he played Dr. Preston Burke on ABC's ''Grey's Anatomy*. He also played Vic in the 1994 drama movie *Crooklyn''.

Washington was born in Houston, Texas.

## Filmography
## References
Stock (firearm)

A **stock**, also known as a **shoulder stock**, a **buttstock**, or simply a **butt** is a part of a rifle or other firearm, to which the barrel and firing mechanism are attached. It is held firmly against the shooter's shoulder when firing the gun. Stocks are also found on crossbows, though a crossbow stock is properly called a *tiller*. The stock provides a means for the shooter to firmly support the device and easily  it. The stock also transmits recoil (the shock of firing the weapon) into the shooter's shoulder. The term **stock** dates to 1571 and comes from the Germanic word *stoc*, meaning tree trunk. This refers to the wooden nature of the gunstock.

## References
Glenn Frey

**Glenn Lewis Frey** () (November 6, 1948 – January 18, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, producer and actor. He was best known as a founding member of rock band the Eagles. 

During the seventies, Frey played guitar with the band, as well as piano and keyboards. Frey was one of the primary singers of the Eagles, he sang lead vocals on songs such as "Take It Easy", "Peaceful Easy Feeling", "Tequila Sunrise", "Already Gone", "Lyin' Eyes", "New Kid in Town", and "Heartache Tonight".

On January 18, 2016, Frey died in New York City at the age of 67 from rheumatoid arthritis, acute ulcerative colitis, and pneumonia. He had been recovering from intestinal surgery. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Joe Kenda

**Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kenda** (born August 28, 1946) is an American television presenter and retired police detective. He is the former Colorado Springs Police Department detective who solved nearly 400 murders in his career. He is featured on the Investigation Discovery television show *Homicide Hunter*, where he recounts stories of homicides he solved.

Kenda was born in Herminie, Pennsylvania. He studied at the University of Pittsburgh.

## References
## Other websites
*Joe Kenda at the Internet Movie Database
*Homicide Hunter  on Investigation Discovery
Jane Sanders

**Jane O’Meara Sanders** (born January 3, 1950) is an American civil servant and educator. She is the former President of Burlington College and the wife of United States senator of Vermont and Democratic 2016 Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. In 1996, she earned a doctorate from Union Institute & University.

Sanders was born in Brooklyn, New York. She studied at Goddard College. Sanders was married to David Driscoll until they divorced. They had three children. Sanders met Bernie in 1981 when Bernie was elected mayor of Burlington, Vermont. They were married in 1988.

Sanders was named President of Burlington College in 2004. She resigned as president in 2011.

## References
Law of the United States

The **law of the United States** is made up of many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law. The most important these is the United States Constitution. This established the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law. This consists of acts of Congress, treaties ratified by the Senate, regulations promoted by the executive branch, and case law originating from the federal judiciary. The United States Code is the official  and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.

Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories. However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal. In the dual-sovereign system of American federalism states are the plenary sovereigns. Each state has its own constitution, while the federal sovereign possesses only the limited supreme authority given by the Constitution. States may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights. Most U.S. law (especially the actual "living law" of contract, tort, property, criminal, and family law) experienced by the majority of citizens on a day-to-day basis consists primarily of state law, which can and does vary greatly from one state to the next.

At both the federal and state levels, the law of the United States is largely based on the common law system of English law. This was the system of law that was in force at the time of the Revolutionary War. However, American law has changed from its English ancestor both in terms of substance and procedure. American law also borrows ideas from civil law.

## References
Ninja Kiwi

**Ninja Kiwi**, which was previously known as **Kaiparasoft Ltd**, is a mobile and online video game developer founded in Auckland, New Zealand. 

Ninja Kiwi's first game was a browser based game called *Cash Sprint*, developed on the Adobe Flash Platform. Since then, they have produced more than 60 games across platforms including Adobe Flash, Android, iOS, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, and more recently, Steam. They are most known for producing the *Bloons* and *Bloons Tower Defense* games. 

In 2012, Ninja Kiwi purchased Digital Goldfish, a Dundee, Scotland-based developer, for an undisclosed sum. After merging Digital Goldfish to Ninja Kiwi, this increased the total number of Ninja Kiwi employees to 35.

Ninja Kiwi has a virtual currency known as NK Coins. Players make purchases of games and in-game purchases by using NK Coins. About eighteen months before Mochi Media's parent company disappeared, Mochi Media discontinued its virtual currency (Mochi Coins), and it was replaced with Ninja Kiwi's virtual currency.

Ninja Kiwi was bought by Modern Times Group on 24th March 2021.

## References
Per mille

A **per mille** is a sign which means parts per thousand. Per mil should not be confused with parts per million (ppm).

It is written **‰**, which looks like a percent sign (%) with an extra zero in the divisor.

## References
Benadryl

**Benadryl** is a brand name for a number of different medications sold by Johnson & Johnson to relieve allergies and coughs. It usually contains antihistamine diphenhydramine. In the United Kingdom, it contains either the antihistamine acrivastine or the long-acting antihistamine cetirizine. Benadryl products are sold in Australia and New Zealand as a cough medicine and do not contain any antihistamine.

## References
Gunshot residue

**Gunshot residue** (GSR) is one of the results of firing a gun. When a bullet leaves the barrel of a firearm, it is accompanied by gases that include both burned and unburned particles of gunpowder. It also includes traces of metal from the firearm, the ammunition and the primer including the signature components of gunshot residue: lead, barium and antimony. GSR is usually found on the skin and clothing of the person who fired the gun. It may also be found in the entrance wound of the victim. This depends on how close the victim was to the gun when it was fired.

## Forensic science of GSR 
When a gun is fired, a  of gas—including GSR particles—is ejected from the barrel and any other openings in the gun. The gunshot residue is ed on objects that are close to the fired gun including the gun itself. One improvement is in the use of scanning electron microscopes. In the past lead was required to be in the sample to identify it as GSR.
* A subject may have handled a firearm or ammunition.
* A subject may have touched a surface that had GSR.

GSR may not be present for a number of reasons:
* The subject did not fire the weapon.
* No GSR was found on the area selected for sampling.
* GSR was removed by washing or wiping hands or clothing.
* Samples were taken more than 4 hours after the shooting.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Composition of gunshot residue 
* Forensic Lab Technicians
Robert M. Carter

**Robert Merlin** "**Bob**" **Carter** (9 March 1942 &ndash; 19 January 2016) was a British-born Australian palaeontologist and stratigrapher. He was best known for his strong doubt about the state of climate change in Australia. He was professor and head of the School of Earth Sciences at James Cook University from 1981 to 1998.

Carter was born in England on 9 March 1942. He moved to New Zealand in 1956. He graduated at the University of Otago in 1963 and the University of Cambridge in 1968. He was married to Anne Carter.

Carter died from problems caused by a heart attack on 19 January 2016 in Townsville, Queensland. He was 73.

## References
Berkshire County, Massachusetts

**Berkshire County** is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.  As of the 2020 Census, the county had a population of 129,026. The county seat and largest city is Pittsfield.

## References
Rogerson, Idaho

**Rogerson** is an unincorporated community in Twin Falls County, Idaho, United States. Rogerson is part of the Twin Falls, Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Gunshot

A **gunshot** is the  of a firearm. It produces a mechanical sound effect and a chemical gunshot residue. The term can also refer to a gunshot wound caused by the bullet. Multiple discharges of a firearm or firearms are referred to as **gunfire**. The word can mean either the sound of a gun firing, the projectiles that were fired, or both.  For example, the statement "gunfire came from the next street" could either mean the sound of discharge, or it could mean the bullets themselves.  It is better to be more  while writing however. "The sound of gunfire" or "we came under gunfire" would be more  and prevent .

## Gunfire characteristics
There are three things that  gunfire and allow a person to  and  gunfire and similar weapon discharges:
# An optical  (called muzzle flash) that occurs when an explosive charge is ignited when firing the weapon.
# A muzzle blast that occurs when a weapon is fired. A typical muzzle blast generates a sound wave with a sound pressure level (SPL) of 140dB or louder.
# A “snap” or “crack” caused by the sonic boom that occurs as a projectile moves through the air at supersonic speeds.

Gunfire can be confused with other sounds that can sound similar. These include firework explosions and cars backfiring. The sounds may be heard at greater distances in the direction of bullet travel than behind or to either side of the firearm.

Urban areas have noise patterns where background noise is higher during the daytime and lower at night. Firearm muzzle blast may be masked by background noise during daytime. But it may be detected at greater distances during the quieter hours of darkness. A popular urban gunfire locator system typically uses six to ten audio sensors per square mile for trilateration. (two or three per square kilometer)

## Suppressors 
A suppressor, sometimes called a "silencer", can be attached to the muzzle of a firearm to reduce the sound of firing the weapon. Suppressors attached to the muzzle will not reduce the sound of high velocity gas released from other locations like the gap between the cylinder and barrel of a revolver. A muzzle silencer is also ineffective in reducing the snap of a supersonic bullet, or the noise produced by the mechanical action of a self-loading firearm. Use of silencers is rare in United States crimes. A 2007 study estimated unlawful silencers were involved in only 0.05 percent (1 in 2,000) federal criminal prosecutions. Also, these include cases where the silencer was not used, but simply in the possession of the defendant for 92% of prosecutions involving a silencer.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Gunshot sound effect, YouTube
Samira Khalil

**Samira Khalil** () is an activist from the Homs region of Syria. She was in prison for four years, from 1987 to 1991, because she opposed the Bashar al-Assad government in Syria. She ed in the city of Douma on December 9, 2013, with activists Razan Zeitouneh, Wael Hamada, and Nazem Hammadi. They are called the "Douma 4".

## Work 
After prison, Khalil operated a publishing house. Then she worked with families of detainees. She wrote about detention in Syria. Before her kidnapping, she worked to help women in Douma to start small projects to make money. She stayed in Douma to start two centers for women.

### Film 
Khalil and her husband Yassin al-Haj Saleh were in a documentary film called Baladna Alraheeb (Our Terrible Country). The film was about the period in their lives before Khalil's kidnapping in 2013.

## Awards 
Khalil received the Petra Kelly Prize from the Heinrich Böll Foundation in 2014. This was for her work at the Center for Documentation of Violations in Syria.

## References 
## Other websites 
* #Douma4 hashtag on Twitter
Food drying

s]]
**Food drying** is a method of preserving food. The food is  (either dehydrated or desiccated). Drying stops the growth of bacteria and fungi by removing water. These micro-organisms, which cause food to spoil, need water to survive.

This method of preserving food has been used since ancient times. The earliest known practice is 12,000 BC by people in the Middle East and Asia.

Water is traditionally removed through evaporation by drying the food in the air, sun or in smoke. A great variety of drying techniques are now used.

Many different foods can be preserved by drying. Meat and fish are preserved through such traditional methods as drying, smoking and salting.

## Related pages 
* Curing

## References
Fez (hat)

The **fez** (, plural **fezzes** or **fezes** from Arabic "Fas" the main town in Morocco before 1927), as well as its equivalent, the **tarboosh** (), is a felt hat.

There are two types of fezzes. One is a cone with a flat top, made of red felt. The other is a short cylinder made of kilim fabric. Both usually have a tassel attached to the top. The tarboosh and the modern fez, which is similar, owe much of their development and popularity to the Ottoman era.

In 1925, the fez was banned in Turkey by the President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since 1925, the fez is not a part of Turkish men's clothing.

## References
Dalkurd FF

**Dalkurd FF** is an association football club in the town of Borlänge in Sweden. The club was founded by Kurds in Sweden 2004, and played its first Superettan season in 2016.

## Other websites
* Official website
Respiratory tract

In humans, the **respiratory tract** is the parts of the body that help with respiration (getting oxygen into the body and getting rid of carbon dioxide).

## Structure
The respiratory tract is divided into two sections: the upper airways and the lower airways.  These two sections are separated by the vocal cords.

### Upper airways
#### The nose and nasal cavity 
The upper respiratory tract starts with the nose and the nasal cavity.  When a person breathes in through the nose, the air goes into the nasal cavity.  The nasal cavity is lined with mucous and little hairs called cilia.  These help filter things like dust out of the air a person breathes.  The nasal cavity also warms the air.

#### The pharynx 
Next is the pharynx.  The pharynx is a common pathway for air and food.  When a person breathes in, air goes through the pharynx on its way to the lungs.  When a person eats, food passes through the pharynx on its way to the digestive system.  There are three parts to the pharynx:  This split happens at a place called the carina, which is behind the middle of the sternum (breastbone).  The bronchi are two tubes which carry air into the lungs.  The main bronchi then split into smaller and smaller bronchi, which reach out into all the parts of the lungs like tree branches.  Finally, the smallest bronchi, called bronchioles, end in the alveoli.

## Function
The airways' job is to bring air to the lungs, so it can get to the alveoli.  At the alveoli, a very important process called "gas exchange" takes place.  Oxygen from the air breathed into the lungs goes into the blood.  The blood can then carry oxygen to every part of the body through the bloodstream.  During gas exchange, carbon dioxide goes from the blood into the lungs, so it can be breathed out.  If this  of gases did not happen, the body would not get enough oxygen to stay alive, and would also get poisoned by carbon dioxide.

## Related pages
* Respiratory system
* Respiration
* Gas exchange
* Breathing

## References
Bowler hat

The **bowler hat** is a hard felt hat with a rounded crown.

It was originally designed to protect the head from blows. One story is that  the British soldier and politician Edward Coke, the younger brother of the 2nd Earl of Leicester had it made in 1849. Its purpose was to protect his gamekeepers' heads from low-hanging branches while on horseback. The keepers had previously worn top hats, which were easily knocked off and damaged. 

The bowler hat was popular with the working class during the Victorian era, and later on with the middle and upper classes in Britain and the eastern United States. In Britain, they are worn as civilian dress by Guards officers. 

## Outside the United Kingdom 
 and Aymara peoples of South America]]

The bowler was the most popular hat in the American Old West. It was "the hat that won the West". Both cowboys and railroad workers preferred the hat because it would not blow off easily in strong wind while riding a horse, or when sticking one's head out the window of a speeding train. It was worn by both lawmen and outlaws, including Bat Masterson, Butch Cassidy, Black Bart, and Billy the Kid. In America the hat came to be commonly known as the *derby*, Another region where the bowler hat is worn is the Niger Delta area of Nigeria.

## Popular culture 
The bowler makes regular appearances. It was part of John Steed's outfit in *The Avengers* British TV series, and Oddjob's favourite weapon in the original *Goldfinger* film. It was worn by *Charlie Chaplin* and Stan Laurel in movies.

## References
Sans serif

typeface is used throughout the London Underground system.]]
, London.]]

In typography, a **sans serif** typeface is one that does not have the tiny feet called "serifs" at the end of strokes. 
The term comes from the French word *sans*, meaning "without" and "serif" from the Dutch word *schreef*  meaning "line".

Sans serif typefaces have been used since the 18th century, but became most used in the twentieth century as the modern art movement developed. Most designers of typefaces were artists. Some were outstanding in other artistic fields, and were part of the wider artistic culture of their times.

The apostle of sans serif was Jan Tschichold  (2 April 1902 Leipzig, Germany – 11 August 1974 Locarno, Switzerland), a German-Swiss graphic designer.   
Tschichold not only designed typefaces, he showed how they could be used in the design of book printing. He was a chief designer for Penguin Books after the Second World War.

Sans serif faces are most used for display signs, advertising and for headings in books. Although they seem to work well for the text in books, they are much less used for that purpose.

## Other names for sans serif 
*Egyptian
*Antique
*Grotesque
*Doric
*Gothic (not to be confused with blackletter)
*Lineale, or linear
*Simplices
*Swiss

## References
Homayoun Behzadi

**Homayoun Behzadi** (&lrm;; 20 June 1942 – 22 January 2016) was an Iranian footballer and coach. He usually played as a striker. He played for Paykan, but most notably for the Iran national football team. For a very brief time, Behzadi was the coach of the Persepolis football team in 1975.

Behzadi suffered a heart attack in April 2013. He made a full recovery. Behzadi died in Tehran on 22 January 2016 at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
*Homayoun Behzadi  at TeamMelli.com
*Interview with Homayoun Behzadi
David G. Hartwell

**David Geddes Hartwell** (July 10, 1941  January 20, 2016) was an American critic, publisher and editor of science fiction and fantasy. He was best known for work with Signet, Pocket and Tor Books publishers. He was also known as an award-winning editor of anthologies. He was born in Salem, Massachusetts.

Hartwell died in Pleasantville, New York from complications of a fall on January 20, 2016 at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
*Excerpt from the LOCUS Online Interview with David Hartwell, 2004.
*Interview with David G. Hartwell, SpaceWesterns.com, 2007
*Profile of David Hartwell  by Michael Swanwick, 2009
Bogusław Kaczyński

**Bogusław Kaczyński** (May 2, 1942 &ndash; January 21, 2016) was a Polish classical music journalist.  He was born in  Biała Podlaska, Poland.

## Career
He was the author of a classical recording series called *The Golden Collection*. He also hosted musical competitions, including the Frederic Chopin Piano Competition, the Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition, and the New Year's Concerts in Vienna.

He has been ranked among the top 10 Polish television personalities by the Polityka magazine. 

## Death
Kaczyński died in Warsaw, Poland of a stroke on January 21, 2016, aged 73.

## References 
## Other websites
* Bogusław Kaczyński – Homepage 
* Warszawa. Bogusław Kaczyński kończy 65 lat – e-teatr.pl
Mrinalini Sarabhai

**Mrinalini Sarabhai** (; 11 May 1918 – 21 January 2016) was an Indian classical dancer, choreographer and instructor. She was the founder of the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts in the city of Ahmedabad. She received many awards and citations in recognitions of her work to art. She trained over 18,000 students in Bharatnatyam and Kathakali. She was born in Kerala, India. She was married to renowned physicist Vikram Sarabhai.

Sarabhai was hospitalized in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India for pneumonia on 20 January 2016. She died the next day of respiratory failure at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
*Biography of Mrinalini Sarabhai at the website of Darpana Academy 
*Biography at mkgandhi.org 
*Mrinalini Sarabhai's Blog
*Download Mrinalini Sarabhai's autobiography from her blog
Germaine Damar

**Germaine Damar** (born August 31, 1929) is a Luxembourgian actress and dancer. She used the stage name Ria Poncelet. She was born in Petingen, Luxembourg. 

Damar started her career as an acrobat and played in nearly 30 German movies, including three movies in which she was the partner of Peter Alexander. Her best known movies are *Mädchen mit schwachem Gedächtnis* (1956), *Die Drei von der Tankstelle* (1955) and ''So ein Millionär hat's schwer'' (1958).

## References
## Other websites
*
Ronald Greenwald

**Ronald Greenwald** (January 8, 1934 – January 20, 2016) was an American Orthodox Jewish rabbi. He was a businessman and an educator. He was born in New York City.

## Career 
Greenwald made a career of spy trading, international hostage mediation, and other forms of high-stakes diplomacy. He worked with Presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan to help the Jewish community. He served as a community activist, chaired various civic boards, directed a high school a summer camp and was the chairman of Magenu.

Greenwald died in his sleep while on vacation in Florida from a possible heart attack on January 20, 2016 at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* .
Sudhindra Thirtha

**Sudhindra Thirta** (31 March 1926 – 17 January 2016), also known as **Shri Sudhindra Thirtha Swamiji**, was an Indian Hindu religious leader. He was the legal and spiritual head (mathadipathi) of the Kashi Math and the twentieth successive person called the swamiji of guru parampara. He was born in Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

Swamiji attained Moksha in Haridwar, India from renal failure on 17 January 2016 at the age of 89.

## References
Frank Sullivan (baseball)

, 1953]]
**Franklin Leal "Frank" Sullivan** (January 23, 1930 &ndash; January 19, 2016) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Boston Red Sox (1953-60), Philadelphia Phillies (1961-62) and the Minnesota Twins (1962-63). He was born in Hollywood, California.

Sullivan was named to the American League All-Star team in 1955 and 1956, and was elected to the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2008. 

Sullivan died in Lihue, Hawaii from pneumonia on January 19, 2016 at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Retrosheet 
* SABR Project Biography
Larry Sanders (politician)

**Lawrence "Larry" Sanders** (born April 25, 1935) is an American-born British academic and politician. He is a member of the Green Party. Sanders was born in Brooklyn, New York. He is the brother of United States senator and Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders.

Sanders moved to the United Kingdom in 1968. He was active in the Labour Party in Oxford in the 1980s. He left the Labour Party in 2001 because he felt that it had moved too far to the right under Tony Blair, and joined the Green Party. Sanders was a Green Party county councillor representing the East Oxford division on Oxfordshire County Council, until he retired from the Council in 2013. He was a candidate to be the Member of Parliament for Witney. He came in fourth place.

## References
Umberto Raho

**Umberto Raho** (4 June 1922 &ndash; 9 January 2016) was an Italian stage, movie and television actor. He was born in Bari, Italy. Raho was known for his roles in *The Bird with the Crystal Plumage*, *The Last Man on Earth*, and *Superfantagenio*.

Raho died in Anzio, Italy from complications of Alzheimer's disease on 9 January 2016 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Derrick Todd Lee

**Derrick Todd Lee** (November 5, 1968 &ndash; January 21, 2016) was a convicted American serial killer, nicknamed the **Baton Rouge Serial Killer**. He was born in St. Francisville, Louisiana.

He was linked by DNA to the deaths of seven women in the Baton Rouge and Lafayette areas in Louisiana, and in 2004 was convicted, in separate trials, of the murders of Geralyn DeSoto and Charlotte Murray Pace. The Pace trial resulted in a death sentence.  Newspapers have suggested Lee can be linked to other unsolved murders in the area, but the police lacked DNA evidence to prove these connections. 

Lee died on January 21, 2016 at the age of 47, of an undisclosed medical condition at the Louisiana State Penitentiary in the West Feliciana Parish, while awaiting execution.

## References
## Other websites
* "DNA Dragnet", CBSnews.com (multimedia presentation)
* "Louisiana Serial Killer Derrick Todd Lee Loses State Supreme Court Appeal" September 21, 2015
Shield bug

**Shield bugs** are the **Acanthosomatidae**, a family of Hemiptera. There are  55 genera, with about 200 species.
It is one of the least varied families of bugs. The number of species is quite low for beetles, and it is not known why this is so. Individually they are fairly common.

Shield bugs, like almost all bugs, live by sucking the sap of plants, usually flowering plants. They have a "layered" defence system. From a distance they are difficult to see because they are camouflaged. Then, they have a tough armoured back. Lastly, if touched, they give off revolting scents, rather like stink bugs (which are a related group).

## References
Edmonde Charles-Roux

**Edmonde Charles-Roux** (17 April 1920 &ndash; 20 January 2016) was a French writer. She was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine.

In 1946, she joined the staff of a magazine being created, a women's weekly: *Elle*, where she spent two years. From 1948, she worked for the French edition of *Vogue*, becoming the magazine’s editor-in-chief in 1954.

Charles-Roux died on 20 January 2016, in Marseille, France, at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*"Edmonde Charles-Roux", *Academie Goncourt*
Jess Harnell

**Jess Q. Harnell** (born December 23, 1963) is an American voice actor and singer. He is best known for his voice roles as Wakko Warner in *Animaniacs*, Jonny 2x4 in *Ed, Edd n Eddy*, Ironhide in the *Transformers* movie series, Chilly in *Doc McStuffins* and Crash Bandicoot in the video game franchise of the same name. He has been the voice of Br'er Rabbit in various Disney projects since 1989. He has been the announcer on ''America's Funniest Home Videos'' since 1998.

## Personal life
Harnell and  his wife Cara were married on November 19, 2019.

## Filmography
### Movies
### Television
### Video games
### Theme Parks
## References
## Other websites
* 
* Jess Harnell at Behind The Voice Actors
Mouthparts

(A) the lapping type (B) of a bee the siphoning type (C) of a butterfly the sucking type (D) of a female mosquito. Legend: **a**, antennae; **c**, compound eye; **lb**, labium; **lr**, labrum; **md**, mandibles; **mx**, maxillae **hp** hypopharynx]]

**Mouthparts** is a general term used in animal biology (zoology). It means the various bits and pieces around the opening of the alimentary canal (mouth). These mouthparts are used by animals to help get their food organised before they swallow it.

All animals have mouthparts except those which absorb their food through their epidermis. The main variations are ,  and dissolving.
Robert Sassone (cyclist)

**Robert Sassone** (23 November 1978 &ndash; 21 January 2016) was a French racing cyclist. He was a member of the Cofidis cycling team. He rode is the men's madison at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. He also won the men's madison at the 2001 Track World Championships. He was banned in 2004 for doping. He was born in Nouméa, New Caledonia.

Sassone had cancer during the final years of his life. He killed himself on 21 January 2016, aged 37.

## References
A. C. Jose

**Ambat Chacko Jose** (; 5 February 1937 &ndash; 23 January 2016) was an Indian politician. He was Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. He also served as a Member of Parliament from Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency in Kerala three times between 1996 and 2004. He was born in Edapally, Ernakulam.

Jose died on 23 January 2016 in Kochi, aged 78.

## References
Hideaki Ōmura

is a Japanese politician. He is the current Governor of Aichi Prefecture since 15 February 2011. His father is Korean. 

## References
Namaste Falls

**Namaste Falls** () is a waterfall located in Vedatar in Dhankuta district in Nepal. It is about  high. It is popular as a tourist destination.

## References
## Other websites
Dhankuta District

**Dhankuta** is a district in Nepal. It is in the Koshi Province. Its headquarters is Dhankuta.

## Municipality and Village Development Committees (VDCs)
## Related pages
*Districts of Nepal
*Zones of Nepal

## References
Dhankuta

**Dhankuta** ( ) is a town in the hills of eastern Nepal. It is the headquarters of Koshi Zone. It is located in Dhankuta district. Nepali is spoken there, and English is also spoken in some offices.

## Related pages
*Zones of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
Nine Network

**Nine Network**, also known as **Channel Nine** or simply **Nine**, is an Australian commercial free-to-air television network. It is one of the three major television networks in Australia. It was launched on 16 September 1956.

## Programming 
* Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000)
* Clifford the Big Red Dog (2019) 
* The Backyardigans
* ¡Mucha Lucha!: Gigante
* Looney Tunes
* Duck Dodgers
* DuckTales
* Thomas and Friends
* My Friend and Me
* Molly of Denali

## Upcoming 
* *Pinkalicious & Peterrific*

## References
## Other websites
*
Seti Zone

**Seti** () was a zone of Nepal. It was in the Far-Western Development region of Nepal.

## Related pages
*Development Regions of Nepal
*zones of Nepal

## References
Mangalsen

**Mangalsen** is a municipality in Nepal. It is the headquarters of the Achham District which is in the Seti Zone of western Nepal.

## Related pages 
*Development Regions of Nepal
*zones of Nepal

## References
Achham District

**Achham District** () is a district in Nepal. It is in the Sudurpashchim Province. Mangalsen is the district headquarters of this district.

## References
## Other websites
Rapti Zone

**Rapti** ( ) was a zone, in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal. It was named after the Rapti river.

## Related pages 
*Development Regions of Nepal
*Zones of Nepal

## References
Karnali Zone

**Karnali** () was a zone in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal. Its headquarters was Jumla. It is a remote region with no roads in or out. Karnali is accessed by several airfields. It is one of the poorest regions in Nepal.

## Related pages 
*Development Regions of Nepal
*Zones of Nepal

## References
Bheri Zone

**Bheri** () was a zone of Nepal. It was in the Mid-Western Development Region. Its administrative headquarters was Nepalgunj.

## Related pages
*Zones of Nepal
Mahakali Zone

**Mahakali** (), was a zone of Nepal in the Far-Western Development Region. It had an area of 7449.28 square kilometres.

## Related pages
*Zones of Nepal
Biratnagar

**Biratnagar** () is a major industrial city and the second largest city in Nepal. Its geographical location is 26°28'60"N 87°16'60"E. The city is located in the Morang District in the Koshi Province of Nepal. It is the capital of the Koshi Province.

## Related pages
*Development Regions of Nepal
*zones of Nepal

## References
M. K. A. D. S. Gunawardana

**Munasinghe Kariyawasam Appuhamilage Don Somadasa Gunawardana** (6 March 1947 &ndash; 19 January 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka for the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and later the United National Party. He was Minister of Land from 12 January 2015 until his death.

Gunawardana died on 19 January 2016 in Colombo from cancer, aged 68.

## References
Morang District

**Morang District** ( ), a district of Nepal. It is in the Koshi Province, in the Terai plain area.

## Related pages
*Districts of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
Miloslav Ransdorf

**Miloslav Ransdorf** (15 February 1953 &ndash; 22 January 2016) was a Czech politician. He served as a Member of the European Parliament for the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia from 1 May 2004 until his death. In December 2015, he was arrested for his apparent role in a bank scandal in Switzerland. He was born in Rakovník, Czechoslovakia.

Ransdorf died from a stroke on 22 January 2016 in Prague, aged 62.

## References
Stephen Hendry

**Stephen Hendry** (born 13 January 1969) is a Scottish former professional snooker player. He has won the World Championship seven times, a record in the modern snooker era.

Hendry started playing snooker in 1981, aged 12, and became the youngest ever professional at the age of 16. He finished his professional career 27 years later after his defeat in the 2012 World Championship. He was the World Number One for nine seasons, which is more than anyone else in the modern era.

## Other websites 
* Stephen Hendry at snooker.org
Lysozyme

A **lysozyme** is a part of the innate immune system. They are enzymes which are in mucus secretions like saliva. They protect against infection by chopping up the bacteria, viruses and fungi which infect animals.

The name 'lysozyme' was coined in 1922 by Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), the discoverer of penicillin. Fleming first observed the antibacterial action of lysozyme when he treated bacterial cultures with nasal mucus from a patient suffering from a common cold.
It was also the first enzyme to have a detailed, specific mechanism suggested for its action. This work led to an explanation of how enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by their physical structures.

## Related pages 
*Host defence peptide
*Defensin
*innate immune system

## References
Steve Davis

]] 
**Steve Davis** (born 22 August 1957) is an English former professional snooker player. He was born in Plumstead, London. He has won the World Championship six times and dominated snooker in the eighties of the 20th century. 

Davis started his professional career in 1978. Ten years later he became the first player to complete snooker's Triple Crown by winning the UK Championship, Masters, and World Championship in the same season.

## Other websites 
* Steve Davis at snooker.org

## References
John Higgins

**John Higgins** (born 18 May 1975) is a Scottish professional snooker player. He has won the World Championship four times. He has also lost in the final four times.

In the modern snooker era only Stephen Hendry, Steve Davis, Ray Reardon and Ronnie O'Sullivan have been world champion more often.

John Higgins started his professional career in 1992. He was banned in 2010 because of a betting scandal, but successfully returned to the World Snooker Tour afterwards.

## Other websites 
* John Higgins at snooker.org
Ray Reardon

**Ray Reardon** (8 October 1932 – 19 July 2024) was a Welsh snooker player who dominated his sport in the seventies of the 20th Century. He won the World Championship six times. Before he was a snooker player he was a professional policeman and miner. He started his career in 1967, and ended in 1992.

Reardon died of cancer on 19 July 2024, at the age of 91. 

## References
## Other websites 
* Ray Reardon at World Snooker
Eileen Heckart

**Eileen Heckart** (March 29, 1919 – December 31, 2001) was an American movie, television and stage actress. She was born **Anna Eileen Herbert**. "Heckart" is the last name by which she was known for most of her life. 

On Broadway, she acted in *The Bad Seed*, *Picnic*, *Barefoot in the Park*, *A Memory of Two Mondays* and *The Cemetery Club*. In movies, she acted in *The First Wives Club*. She also appeared in the Clint Eastwood movie *Heartbreak Ridge*. On television, Heckart acted in *Partners in Crime*, *Love Story* and *The Mary Tyler Moore Show*.

Heckart was born in Columbus, Ohio. She died of lung cancer in Norwalk, Connecticut at age 82. 

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
December 1969 nor'easter

The '''December 1969 nor'easter''' was a strong winter storm. It affected the Northeastern United States and Quebec. It included a tornado outbreak, record snow accumulations, a damaging ice storm, and flooding rains.
Altenburg Abbey

**Altenburg Abbey** is a Benedictine monastery in Austria.  It was founded in 1144 by Countess Hildeburg of Poigen-Rebgau. It is located in Horn, near Sankt Pölten, in Lower Austria. The site is known for its Baroque architecture today. 

## Gallery 

 Stift Altenburg Krypta.jpg|Crypt
 Stift Altenburg Bibliothek.jpg|Library at Altenburg abbey
 Stift Altenburg Stiftskirche Kuppelfresko.jpg|Fresco on a church ceiling
 Altenburg - Stiftskirche, Orgel.JPG|Organ of the collegiate church

## Other websites 
*Altenburg Abbey website
The Bad Seed (movie)

***The Bad Seed*** is a 1956 American horror movie. It has elements of film noir. This movie is based on the 1954 play of the same name.

## Plot
On her piano, eight year old Rhoda Penmark (played by Patty McCormack) plays the French song "Au clair de la lune" while her father says his good-byes and goes on military duty. Rhoda is under the care of her mother Christine (Nancy Kelly). 

Rhoda begins as a well-behaved child. As the movie goes on, she shows her evil side. She commits murder, steals and sets fires. 

A lightning bolt during a rainstorm kills Rhoda instantly.

## Cast
* Nancy Kelly as Christine Penmark
* Patty McCormack as Rhoda Penmark
* Henry Jones as Leroy Jessup
* Eileen Heckart as Hortense Daigle
* Evelyn Varden as Monica Breedlove
* William Hopper as Col. Kenneth Penmark

* Paul Fix as Richard Bravo
* Jesse White as Emory Wages
* Gage Clarke as Reginald 'Reggie' Tasker
* Joan Croydon as Claudia Fern (as Joan Croyden)
* Frank Cady as Henry Daigle

## Reception
This was one of Warner Bros. biggest movies of the year. It took in $4.1 million in the American box office. It was also popular in the British box office. 

The movie was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Actress, Best Actress in a Supporting Role and Best Cinematography.

## Remakes
*The Bad Seed* was remade for television in 1985 and 2018.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Luminator Bernocchi

**Luminator Bernocchi** is a type of floor lamp. It was designed by the architect Luciano Baldessari on the idea of Antonio Bernocchi. The Italian entrepreneur Antonio Bernocchi commissioned the lamp. Bernocchi's main business was making textiles. He wanted a lamp which could light the fabrics on display without burning them. The lamp is made from metal. Its design was influenced by Futurism. The  prototype was  presented in 1929, first in the Bernocchi Pavilion  at the Milan Fair and then in the Italian Pavilion at the International Expo in Barcelona.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Lombardia Beni Culturali Luminator Bernocchi
Faraday cage

A **Faraday cage** or Faraday shield is an  made from material that conducts electricity. It is used to block electric fields. The Faraday cage is named after the English scientist Michael Faraday, who invented it in 1836.

An electrical field outside the cage causes electric charges in the cage's conducting material to move around and cancel the field's effect inside the cage. It protects sensitive electronic equipment from external radio frequency interference (RFI). 

Faraday cages are also used to enclose devices that produce RFI, such as radio transmitters, to prevent their radio waves from interfering with other nearby equipment. They are also used to protect people and equipment against actual electric currents such as lightning strikes and electrostatic discharges. The enclosing cage conducts current round the outside of the enclosed space and none passes though the inside space.
Ilam District

**Ilam district** () is a district in Nepal. It is in the Koshi Province. The population was 290,254 according to the census of 2011.

## Related pages
*Districts of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
Ilam Municipality

**Ilam** ( ) is a municipality in the Ilam District of Nepal. It is in the hilly region of Mechi zone in eastern Nepal. It is the headquarters of Mechi Zone and Ilam district. Nepali is spoken there, and English is also spoken in some offices.

## Related pages
*Development Regions of Nepal
*zones of Nepal
Phidim Municipality

**Phidim** is a municipality of Nepal. It is in the Panchthar District of the Mechi Zone. This municipality was made on 18 May 2014 by merging Phidim, Chokmagu and Siwa villages.

## Related pages
*Development Regions of Nepal
*zones of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
* Phidim Today, a news portal run by Phidimese youth  
* The Kathmandu Post: The Ferment in the eastern hills 
* How a peace corps volunteer boosted my morale  
* Somewhere above Phidim
* Phidim in pictures
Arghakhanchi District

** Arghakhanchi** () is a district in Nepal. It is in the Lumbini Province. The district headquarters of this district is Sandhikharka.

## Related pages
*Districts of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Arghakhanchi.com news portal