open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sverker Johannson

**Sverker Johansson** (born 1961) is a Swedish physicist, linguist, textbook author and university professor who created Lsjbot, a controversial Wikipedia bot.

## Life 
Sverker Johansson studied technical physics at the University of Lund from 1979 to 1982. He moved to the University of Gothenburg in 1982 where he graduated with a Bachelor of Business Administration in 1984.

He performed basic military service at Eksjö and participated in research and experiments in particle physics and particle acceleration at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the Large Electron-Positron Storage Ring (LEP).

From November 1990 to June 1992, with the support of the Manne Siegbahn Institute, research was carried out in the field of Neutrino Astronomy Research.

After moving to Jönköping in 1992, he devoted himself to linguistics. His book *Origins of Language, Constraints of Hypotheses, and Convergence Evidence in Language and Communication Studies*, published in 2005, has been reviewed by the *Journal of Linguistics* and by American scientists.

From 2007 to 2012, Sverker Johansson served as project manager at the University of Chichester in the south of England. From 2009 to May 2013 he was appointed project manager at the university in Jönköping, where he met his wife.

In 2012, he finished his master's studies in linguistics and presented the theory that Neanderthals used language in "Essay on Neanderthal Language".

## References
Lsjbot

**Lsjbot** is a controversial Wikipedia bot invented by Swedish physicist Sverker Johannson. It was originally invented for the Swedish Wikipedia, but later expanded to the Waray and Cebuano Wikipedias. The bot auto-creates articles, primarily about geography, plant and animal species, the Solar System and natural features such as lakes, rivers and mountains. Due to Lsjbot, the Swedish, Cebuano and Waray Wikipedias all have over 1 million articles. The bot is now inactive on the Swedish and Waray Wikipedias and while it remains active on the Cebuano Wikipedia, there currently are no mass-creation projects for articles on the wiki, according to Sverker himself. Some critics of the bot claim that the bot lacks the "human touch" that other articles written by others include, but Sverker denies those claims.

## Related pages
* Sverker Johannson, developer of the bot

## Other websites 
* Lsjbot account on Swedish Wikiepedia
Folsom Lake College

**Folsom Lake College** is a public community college in Folsom, California. It is part of the California Community Colleges system and the Los Rios Community College District. It was opened in 2004 and has two educational centers: The El Dorado Center in Placerville, California, and the Rancho Cordova Center in Rancho Cordova, California.
It also has a Visual Performing Arts Center which is one of the most well-known centers of art, music, and entertainment in the Sacramento area. The current president is Art Pimental who began in January 2023.

## History 
Folsom Lake College first opened in 1993 as a center of Consumnes River College. At that time, it consisted of mostly portable buildings. The first permanent building, Aspen Hall, which currently houses the admission office and student services center, opened in 2001. Folsom Lake College was established on January 9, 2004. 

In 2005, the college expanded with the addition of the school library in Aspen Hall and the addition of Buckeye Hall and Cypress Hall. Cypress Hall houses science labs and the reading and writing center. The school cafeteria, Falcons Roost, opened in 2006 and currently includes the bookstore and career center. Both Dogwood and Lilac Halls, the former which houses a music lab and practice rooms and an early childhood education lab, opened in 2007.

In 2009, the physical education building, located near the Falcon's Roost, opened. 

In 2011, the Visual Performing Arts building, then known as Three Stages, opened. It includes an 850-seat main theater, a 200-seat city stage, and a 100-seat recital hall. A year later, the center was renamed the Harris Center in honor of Brice Harris, former chancellor of the Los Rios Community College District. Meanwhile, the recital hall was named after Thelma Scott-Skillman, founding president of Folsom Lake College. 

In 2013, the athletic complex expanded to include a soccer field, baseball and softball stadiums, tennis courts, a track and field complex, and a cross country course. The portable buildings on the main Folsom campus were demolished and replaced with a gymnasium, which opened in 2015.

In October 2015, the Rancho Cordova Center opened.

In 2016, the DSPS center relocated to a space in Aspen Hall just across from the library. It was originally located next to the admission office.

In 2018, the innovation center opened in Aspen Hall.

In 2010, the college began its own Athletic program with Men's and Women's golf and Men's and Women's tennis. Women's Soccer was added in fall 2013, followed by Men's Soccer in fall 2014, Men's Baseball in spring 2015, Women's Softball in spring 2016, Women's Volleyball in fall 2016, and Men's and Women's Basketball in fall 2017.

## Presidents 
* Thelma Scott Skillman (2001 - 2012)
* Rachael Rosenthal (2012 - December 2016, August 2022 - December 2022 as interim)
* Kathleen Kirklin (January 2017 - September 2017 as interim)
* Whitney Yamamura (September 2017 - August 2022)
* Art Pimental (2023 - present)

## References
American Descendants of Slavery

**American Descendants of Slavery**, abbreviated as **ADOS**, are people whose ancestors were taken by force from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States starting from the 16th century until the 19th century and forced to work as slaves under threat of violence, including rape, torture and murder.

## Related pages
*African Americans

## References
Saadi Yacef

**Saadi Yacef** (20 January 1928 – 10 September 2021) was an Algerian independence fighter and a politician. He was the leader of Algeria's National Liberation Front during his country's war of independence. He was a Senator in Algeria's Council of the Nation until his death. He was born in Algiers, Algeria. An actor, he appeared in The Battle of Algiers which was based on his 1962 memoirs ''Souvenirs de la Bataille d'Alger''. Yacef played a character modeled on his own experiences (named as Djafar) in the battle.

Yacef died on 10 September 2021 in Algiers at the age of 93. He was buried at the El Kettar cemetery in Algiers.

## References
National Liberation Front

**National Liberation Front** may refer to:

## As a full name
* National Liberation Front (Algeria) (FLN), Group that fought for Algerian independence 
* National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), Group that fought for Angolan independence 
* National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) (India)

## As part of a name
* Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF) (Nepal)
* Kurdistan Workers' Party, or National Liberation Front of Kurdistan (ENRK) -- military wing of PKK
* Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) (Philippines)
* National Liberation Movement (Albania), or Albanian National Liberation Front (NLF)
* Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) (Nicaragua)
* United National Liberation Front (UNLF) (India)
Mohammed V of Morocco

**Mohammed al-Khamis ben Yusef ben Hassan al-Alawi** (), also known as **Sidi Mohammed ben Yusef** () or **Mohammed V** () (10 August 1909 – 26 February 1961), was Sultan of Morocco from 1927 to 1953. He became Sultan again after his return from exile in 1955. He was King from 1957 to 1961.

## Other websites
*History of Morocco
Aziz Akhannouch

**Aziz Akhannouch** (; born 16 August 1961) is a Moroccan politician and businessman. Akhannouch is the Prime Minister of Morocco since 2021. He was Minister of Agriculture from 2007 to 2021, and President of the regional council of Souss-Massa region from 2003 to 2007. He became Secretary General of National Rally of Independents party since 2016.

On the Forbes list of richest men in Africa in 2020, Akhennouch was 12th.

## References
Marianne Battani

**Marianne Olga Battani** (May 18, 1944 – September 9, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer. She was the United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan from 2000 until her death. She was nominated to the court by President Bill Clinton. Battani was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Battani died on September 9, 2021 in Beverly Hills, Michigan from cancer, aged 77.

## References
Derek Bailey (tribal chairman)

**Derek J. Bailey** (1972 – September 2, 2021) was an American tribal leader and convicted sex offender. He was Tribal Chairman of the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians (GTB) beginning in 2008 until 2021.  He also served prior on Tribal Council from 2004 to 2008.  

On October 1, 2011, Bailey announced his candidacy for the U.S. House of Representatives in Michigan's 1st congressional district.  During April 2012, Bailey ended his Congressional campaign effort. He was born in Traverse City, Michigan.

On May 11, 2015, he was arrested on child molestation charges. Bailey was sentenced to 25 to 50 years after being found guilty in Grand Traverse County.

Bailey died on September 2, 2021 from a heart attack in prison in Traverse City at the age of 48.

## References
Suttons Bay Township, Michigan

**Suttons Bay Township** is a civil township and county seat of Leelanau County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 2,883 at the 2020 census.

## References
Leland, Michigan

**Leland** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 410. It was the county seat of Leelanau County from 1883 to 2008.

## References
Wayne State University

**Wayne State University** (**WSU**) is a public research university in Detroit, Michigan. It is Michigan's third-largest university. It was founded in 1868. 

## References
Dalal bint Saud Al Saud

**Dalal bint Saud Al Saud** (died 10 September 2021) was a Saudi princess, activist, and philanthropist. She was a member of House of Saud. She was known for her activities about the welfare children. She was the daughter of King Saud. 

Princess Dalal was the first wife of Saudi royal and businessman Al Waleed bin Talal Al Saud.

In February 2021, Dalal had surgery to remove a tumor. She died on 10 September 2021 from the disease.

## References
Phùng Quang Thanh

**Phùng Quang Thanh** (2 February 1949 – 11 September 2021) was Vietnamese politician and general. Phùng Quang Thanh was an officer of the Vietnam People's Army and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam. 

Thahn died on 11 September 2021 in Hanoi, Vietnam from lung cancer at the age of 72.

## References
Limbo (video game)

***Limbo*** is a puzzle-platform video game, developed and published by Playdead. Released on various consoles, such as PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Linux, Android, iOS, OS X, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PlayStation Vita and Nintendo Switch.
Life Begins at Eight-Thirty

***Life Begins at Eight-Thirty*** is a 1942 American romantic drama movie directed by Irving Pichel and was based on the 1940 play *The Light of Heart* by Emlyn Williams. It stars Monty Woolley, Ida Lupino, Cornel Wilde, Sara Allgood, Melville Cooper, Lee Phelps, William Demarest and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
*
*
*
Jón Sigurðsson (politician, born 1946)

**Jón Sigurðsson** (23 August 1946 – 10 September 2021) was an Icelandic politician. He was the Minister of Industry and Commerce for the Progressive Party from 2006 until 2007. He was later elected party chairman from 2006 to 2007. He was Governor of the Central Bank of Iceland from 2003 to 2006.

In 2020, Sigurðsson was diagnosed with terminal prostate cancer. He died from the illness on 10 September 2021, aged 75.

## References
Issei Kitagawa

was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet from 2004 until 2016. Kitagawa was born in Higashiōsaka, Japan

Kitagawa died on September 7, 2021 in Osaka, Japan from prostate cancer, aged 78.

## References
Pentagon Memorial

The **Pentagon Memorial** is a memorial to the 184 people who died as victims in the building and on American Airlines Flight 77 during the September 11, 2001 attacks. It is located at The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. 

It was designed by Julie Beckman and Keith Kaseman. The memorial opened on September 11, 2008, seven years after the attack.

## References
National September 11 Memorial & Museum

The **National September 11 Memorial & Museum** (also known as the **9/11 Memorial & Museum**) is a memorial and museum in New York City honoring the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks, which killed 2,977 people, and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, which killed six. 

## Background
The memorial is located at the World Trade Center site, the former location of the Twin Towers that were destroyed during the September 11 attacks. 

A memorial was planned shortly after the attacks for the victims and those involved in rescue and recovery operations. The winner of the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was Israeli-American architect Michael Arad. The memorial has swamp white oak trees with two square reflecting pools in the center marking where the Twin Towers stood.

The reflecting pool of the memorial has the names of the victims who died during the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, United Airlines Flight 93, American Airlines Flight 11, American Airlines Flight 77, United Airlines Flight 175, collision of The Pentagon and the collapse of the World Trade Centers.

Tickets to the museum are $24, a price which has raised concerns and has been controversial.

The dead bodies of over 1,000 victims who could not be identified have been placed 70ft below the memorial in 2014.

## Gallery
 
File:North Tower Fountain National September 11 Memorial & Museum (Sept. 17, 2011).jpg|The North Tower reflecting pool which is located where the original Twin Towers were located in
File:New York - National September 11 Memorial South Pool - April 2012 - 9693C.jpg|The South Tower reflecting pool which is located where the original Twin Towers were located in
File:4.28.12Feb93BombingPanelN-73ByLuigiNovi2.jpg|The reflection pool has the names of the victims of the September 11 attacks and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing
File:The Survivor Tree at the National September 11 Memorial.jpg|The survivor tree is a tree that survived the collapses of the Twin Towers
File:2012 National September 11 Museum.JPG|The outside of the National September 11 Museum
File:Survivors Staircase 2015 3 vc.jpg|The museum has many parts that survived the World Trade Centers such as a staircase
File:Part of airplane.jpg|The museum also has a piece of the hijacked airplane that crashed into the towers
File:911 Memorial New York.jpg|View of the memorial and museum from the One World Trade Center
File:WTCmemorialJune2012.png|The memorial in 2012
File:September 11 Memorial 2 (29172573633).jpg|A firetruck that was destroyed during the attacks is in the museum
File:A section of the 9-11 Memorial lists those who lost their lives in the World Trade Center attacks, in New York, N.Y., Nov. 12, 2012 121112-A-QM437-159.jpg|The names of the victims that died during the collapse of the Twin Towers
File:10.2012 North Pool National September 11 Memorial 04.JPG|A closeup of one of the reflecting pools at the memorial

## References
## Other websites
*Photos of the memorial
*The 9/11 memorial – Interview and footage of the WTC site
*Google Virtual Tour of the National September 11 Museum
Stonycreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania

**Stonycreek Township** is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,087 at the 2020 census.

## References
Al-Baqarah

**Al-Baqarah**, ("The Heifer" or "The Cow"), is the second and longest chapter (*surah*) of the Quran. It consists of 286 verses (*āyāt*).

## Summary 
* **1-20** Unbelievers and hypocrites reproved
* **21-38** Exhortation to the worship of the true God
* **39-102** Jews and Christians urged to accept the claim of Muhammad to be a prophet of God
* **102-112** The opposition of Jews and Christians  to Muhammad’s prophetic pretensions combated
* **113** The doctrine of abrogation enunciated
* **115** A Qibla declared to be redundant
* **116-141**The Jews denounced and the religion of Abraham declared to be the true Islam
* **142-153** The Jews finally abandoned and the Arabs accepted by the adoption of Makkah as the Qibla of Islam
* **154-163** The Bereaved friends of those slain at the Battle of Badr comforted
* **164-172** Makkans exhorted to faith in God, and directed to observe the law respecting forbidden meats
* **173-176** Law concerning lawful and unlawful food (delivered at Madina)
* **177** The sum of Muslim duty
* **178-179** The law of retaliation
* **180-182** The law concerning bequests
* **183-185** The law concerning fasting
* **186-187** The fast of Ramadan
* **188-202** The pilgrimage to Makkah and war for the faith
* **203-206** Hypocrites and true believers contrasted
* **207-208** Exhortation to a hearty acceptance of Islam
* **209** The doom of infidels pronounced
* **210-212** The Jews reproached
* **213** Suffering to be patiently endured
* **214-242** Sundry laws relating to  almsgiving, war, wine, orphans etc.
* **243-253** The duty of warring in defence of religion enjoined by precept, and illustrated by the history of former prophets
* **255** The Throne Verse
* **256-257** Laa ikraha fid deen.
* **258-260** The doctrine of the resurrection illustrated
* **261-274** Exhortation and encouragement to almsgiving
* **275-277** Usury forbidden
* **278-283** Debts in Islam including the longest verse in the Quran
* **284-286** The three verses of Paradise.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Q2:30, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com
* "The Cow", a manuscript, dating from the 13th-century, of the *al-Baqarah* via the World Digital Library
* Qur'anic Verses, a manuscript for *al-Baqarah* from the 13th-century
Āyah

* (chapter) 2, ***ayat**'' (verses) 1–4.]]

**Ayah** (Arabic: آية āyah, plural آيات āyāt); is the Arabic word for omen, sign, proof, commandment, law, rule and/or guidance. The word is usually used to refer to a verse of the Qur’an. An ayah is the smallest unit of the Qur’an; Muslims believe that each of the 6236 ayah of the Qur’an is a sign from God (called Allāh in Arabic).  Chapters in the Qur’an, called surah in Arabic, are made up of several ayahs, though a sura may vary greatly in length, ranging from 3 to 286 ayahs. such as:

## Reference
Saleh Al-Fawzan

**Saleh Bin Fawzan Al-Fawzan** is considered to be the most senior scholar of the Salafi movement in Saudi Arabia. He is a member of the council of senior scholars and committee for fatwa and research. He has authored over 35 books and is one of the major Muftis in the country.

## Other websites 
* 

## References
* Biography in Arabic
* A biography of the Sheikh
* Another biography of the Shiekh
An-Nisa

**Surah An-Nisa** ( Arabic: سورة النساء, Sūratu an-Nisā, meaning "female") is the fourth surah of the Muslim religious book, the Qur'an , with 176 verses and 24 ruku's. Surah An-Nisa has been revealed in Medina . This surah talks about how Muslims should lead their lives and stay united.  Click to listen Surah An-Nisa.

## Time and content of the revelation 
This Surah is the sum of several speeches. Probably from the end of the third Hijri to the end of the fourth Hijri or from the beginning of the fifth Hijri, different parts of it were revealed at different times. Although it is not possible to say exactly from which verse to which verse a revelation was included in a speech and what was the time of its revelation, some provisions and events have been pointed out somewhere to help us know the date of their revelation from tradition. . So with the help of these we can point out a general limit of these speeches containing these provisions and hints.

As we know, the provisions regarding the distribution of inheritance and the rights of orphans were revealed after the battle of Uhud. Then seventy Muslims were martyred. As a result of this incident, the question arose as to how the inheritance of the martyrs would be distributed in different houses of the small settlements of Medina and how the interests of the orphans they had left would be preserved. On the basis of this, we can assume that the first four verses, and the first three verses of the fifth verse will have been revealed at this time.

We find in the hadith the tradition of reciting the prayer of fear (praying while fighting) in the battle of Jatur Rika. This battle took place in the fourth Hijri. So it can be inferred here that the speech (15 Ruku) in which the rules of prayer have been explained will have been revealed in the near future.

Bani Nadir was expelled from Medina in the month of Rabiul Awwal of the fourth Hijri. Therefore, the last warning given to the Jews in this speech, "Believe me before I disfigure your face," can be presumed to have been revealed at a very near time.

Tayammum was allowed due to lack of water during the battle of Banil Mustaliq. And this battle took place in the fifth Hijri. Therefore, it should be remembered that the speech in which (7th Ruku) mentioned Tayammum was revealed at that time.

## Other websites 
* 
* "Qur'anic Verses (4: 94-100, 100-105)" is a digitized manuscript of *an-Nisā*, dating from the 12th century, from the World Digital Library
* Quran 4 Clear Quran translation
* Q4:126, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com

## Reference
Flight 93 National Memorial

]]

The **Flight 93 National Memorial** commemorates the crash of United Airlines Flight 93, which was one of four planes that was hijacked during the September 11 attacks. The memorial is located in Stonycreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, about  north of Shanksville and  southeast of Pittsburgh.

The first phase of the permanent memorial was completed, opened, and dedicated on September 10, 2011.

## References
Al-An'am

'''Surah Al-An'am''' (Arabic: سورة الأنعام, "meaning the animal") Muslim religious texts of the Qur'an 6 Number of Surat , the number of verses 165 and the number of rukura. This Surah was revealed in Makkah . This Surah Allah's Oneness, punarutthana, Heaven and Hell have been discussed.

## Name 
In this Surah, in the 16th and 18th Ruku, the imaginary and superstitious idea of the Arabs regarding the prohibition of some An'am (domesticated animals) and the halal of some of them has been refuted. In this context, this Surah has been named Al An'am.

## Time of revelation 
According to Ibn 'Abbas, this entire Surah was revealed in Makkah at the same time. Hazrat Asma bint Yazid , the cousin of Hazrat Muaz Ibn Jabal , said that this Surah was revealed while the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was riding on a camel. Then I was holding the reins of her camel. Under the weight of the burden, the camel's condition had reached such a level that it seemed as if this understanding would break her bones. It is also clearly stated in the hadith that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) recorded this Surah on the night it was revealed.

If we think about its subject matter, it is clear that this Surah would have been revealed towards the end of the Meccan period. The narration of Hazrat Asma bint Yazid also proves this to be true. Because he belonged to the Ansar. After the migration he converted to Islam. If he had attended the service of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in Makkah out of sheer devotion before accepting Islam, he would surely have been in the last year of his stay in Makkah. Earlier, his relationship with the people of Yasreb was not so close that one of their women could come to his service.

## Other websites 
* Quran 6 Clear Quran translation

## Reference
Al-A'raf

'''Surah Al-A'raf''' (Arabic: سورة الأعراف, meaning "high place") is the seventh chapter of the Muslim religious book, the Qur'an , with 206 verses and 24 ruku's. This Surah was revealed in Makkah . The central theme of this Surah is the call to believe in the Prophethood.

The "high place" of the surah divides Jannah (paradise) from Jahannam (hell). According to some Muslims it a third place besides paradise and hell where the dead go after Judgement Day, with a population of those who are too sinful for heaven and too good for hell. 

## Name 
In verses 46 and 48 of this surah (in the fifth verse) the Araf or the people of Araf are mentioned in the Companions. That is why it is named Al Araf. In other words, the meaning of calling this Surah Surah Al-A'raf is that it is the Surah in which A'raf is mentioned.

## Time of revelation 
Looking at the subject matter of this Surah, it is clear that this Surah was revealed at about the same time as Surah An-Amr . Of course, it cannot be said with certainty whether it was revealed before or after An'am. However, from the eloquence of the speech given in this Surah, it is clear that it is related to that time. Therefore, in order to understand its historical background, it is enough to take a look at the introduction written at the beginning of Surah An-Nam.

## Other websites
*Quran 7 Clear Quran translation 
*Surah Al-A'raf Mp3
Al-Anfal

**Al-Anfal** (Arabic: الأنفال) Muslim religious texts of the Qur'an 8 Number chapter , verses 75. Surah Al-Anfal was revealed in Medina.

## Name 
The name of this Surah is Surah Al-Anfal; This is because the word is mentioned in the first verse of the Surah, which means war-acquired wealth. Most of its descriptions are related to this. Some have even named it Surah Badr. [Bukhari: 4882] Because, most of the discussion was about the battle of Badr. Some have also called this Surah as 'Jihad'.

## Duration of revelation 
This Surah was revealed in the second Hijri after the battle of Badr. This is a detailed review of the first battle between Islam and Kufr.

## Other websites 
* Quran 8 Clear Quran translation
* Surah Anfaal Video with PHRASE FOR PHRASE English translation
* Surah Al-Anfal Mp3 
* https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-cFfqiOc1HmyypZHkZRf9naptD_CdQSld-vMtKxWsLI/edit?usp=drivesdk
At-Tawbah

**Surah At-Tawbah** (Arabic: سورة التوبة , "Repentance"), also known as Surah Bar'ah or Bar'at (Rejection) is the ninth surah of the Muslim religious book, the Qur'an. This Surah was revealed in Medina and has 129 verses. Arabic repentance means forgiveness. It is called Surah Tawba, because it describes the acceptance of Muslims' repentance. The other name of the surah is Bara'at - it is called Bara'at because it refers to the separation of the disbelievers from the disbelievers and their release from responsibility.

## Other websites 
* Quran 9 Clear Quran translation
Yunus (surah)

**Surah Yunus** (Arabic: سورة يونس) is the tenth surah of the Qur'an , a religious book for Muslims. This Surah was revealed in Makkah and has 109 verses. Koraana and the principles of Islam uddesyabali this Surah Tawheed , Prophethood , Hereafter etc. bisbacaracara the merits and the evidence showing the changing-changing events has been arranged to be understood better. Along with some didactic, historical events and the introduction of the story he has to be careful of all the people who have God, the Cherisher and the public on the signs do not think about it.

## Other websites 
* Q10:38, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com
* Quran 10 Clear Quran translation
Al-Ma'idah

**Surah Al-Maidah** (Arabic: سورة المائدة) is the 5th surah of the Muslim religious book, the Qur'an , which has 120 verses and 18 ruku's. The Surah was revealed in Medina.

## Name 
It is named after the word 'Maidah' mentioned in a verse of 15 Ruku of this Surah. The word mayidah means 'dining table' or 'a table in which food is served'. Like most of the surahs in the Qur'an, the name of this surah has nothing to do with its subject matter. It has been called by this name merely to distinguish it from other Surahs.

## Time of revelation 
This Surah was revealed at the end of 6 AH or at the beginning of 6 AH after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah . This is clear from the subject matter of the Surah and the various narrations of the Hadith also prove its authenticity. The event of the month of Zilqad in the sixth Hijri. Fourteen, with Muslims the Prophet Muhammad Umrah to perform there has arisen. But the Quraish disbelievers, out of enmity, completely opposed the oldest religious tradition in Arabia and did not allow him to perform Umrah . After much debate and debate, they agreed that next year you can come to visit the house of God. At this time, on the one hand, the Muslims had a KaabaIt was necessary to explain the rules of pilgrimage for the purpose of pilgrimage, so that the Umrah could be performed with full Islamic dignity next year, and on the other hand, it was necessary to urge them to respond to the excesses of the infidel enemies by not allowing them to perform Umrah. Let them take the lead, so that they may not again oppress the disbelievers. Because Hajj to many disbelieving tribesThe tour had to go through Muslim-dominated areas. In the same way that the Muslims were not allowed to visit the Ka'bah, they could have forcibly blocked the way of visiting the Ka'bah of these disbelieving tribes. This is the context in which the introductory speech at the beginning of this Surah is discussed. This issue has been raised again in the front thirteen ruku's. This proves that the same speech continues from the first ruku to the fourteenth ruku. In addition, all the other contents we find in this Surah seem to be of the same period.

The continuity of the narration suggests that this entire surah is included in a single discourse and that it was probably revealed at the same time. Again, some of its verses may have been revealed later separately and due to the unity of content, they have been included in different places of this Surah. But nowhere in the continuity of narration is the slightest emptiness felt. As a result, there is no time to think of it as the sum of two or three speeches.

## Reference 
## Other websites 
* 
* Quran 5 Clear Quran translation
* Q5:51, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com
Phyllomedusa neildi

***Phyllomedusa neildi*** is a frog that lives in Venezuela.  Scientists have only seen this frog in one place: Sierra de San Luís. People have seen this frog between 550 and 1150 meters above sea level.

This frog is awake at night. It lives in forests with leaves that fall and forests with trees that are evergreen. The female frog lays 250-280 eggs at a time and pulls one or two leaves around them.

Scientists do not know whether this frog is in danger of dying out, but they say that the forests where it lives are in a lot of danger. Human beings take wood to burn for fuel. Humans cut down forests to make towns and farms and places for goats to eat grass.

## References
Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta

**Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta!** (transl. What Exactly Is Happiness!) is a Marathi television drama series on Star Pravah produced by Mahesh Kothare and Adinath Kothare.

## Cast 
### Main 
* Girija Prabhu as Gauri Jaydeep Shinde: Jaydeep's wife; Shirke-Patil's younger daughter ; Malhar Renuka and Uday's younger sister;Lakshmi's Mother;  
**as Nitya Adhikari

*Mandar Jadhav as Jaydeep Shinde: Gauri's husband; Mangal's son; Lakshmi's Father
**as Adhiraj Jadhav
### Recurring 
* Varsha Usgaonkar as Nandini Yashwant Shirke-Patil (Mai): Yashwant's wife; Malhar, Gauri, Renuka and Uday's mother; Krish, Kashish and Lakshmi's grandmother
* Sunil Godse as Yashwant Shirke-Patil (Dada): Nandini's husband; Malhar, Jaydeep, Renuka and Uday's father; Krish, Kashish and Lakshmi's grandfather
* Madhavi Nimkar as Shalini Malhar Shirke-Patil: Shirke-Patil's eldest daughter-in-law; Malhar's wife; 
* Kapil Honrao as Malhar Yashwant Shirke-Patil: Shirke-Patil's eldest son; Shalini's husband;
* Meenakshi Rathod / Bhakti Ratnaparkhi as Devki Uday Shirke-Patil: Shirke-Patil's second daughter-in-law
* Sunil Patil as Uday Yashwant Shirke-Patil: Shirke-Patil's second son
* Aparna Shardul as Renuka Yashwant Shirke-Patil: daughter of Mai & Dadasaheb
* Ganesh Revadekar as Shekhar: Renuka's husband
* Aarohi Sambre as Kashish Shirke-Patil – Devki and Uday's daughter
* Amrut Gaikwad as Krish Shirke-Patil – Devki and Uday's son

### Others 
* Asha Dnyate as Amma: Maid of Shirke-Patil's house
* Abhishek Gaonkar as Anil: Devki's brother
* Sayli Salunkhe as Jyotika: Jaydeep's girlfriend
** Ketaki Palav replaced Sayali as Jyotika Prashant Karnik
* Sanket Korlekar as Parth: Jaydeep & Jyotika's friend
* Milind Shinde as Bhairu Pahilwan 
* Ashwini Kasar as Manasi

## TVT Ratings 
## References
List of chapters in the Quran

**Quran** is divided into Surahs (chapters) and further divided...

## Table of Surahs 
## Reference 
## Other websites 
* Quran.com - The Noble Quran, one of the most massive compilations of translations of the Qur'an.
* Quran Explorer, listing different titles (and place of revelation) by different translators of the Quran.
* Al-Quran , open source multi-language Quran project
Al-Fatiha

## Translation 
#In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful.
#Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds,
#The compassionate, the merciful.
#Master of the day of judgment,
#You do we worship, you do we ask for help.
#Guide us to the straight path,
#The path of those whom you have favored, not of those who have earned your anger, or of those who have gone astray.

## Name 
The word Fatiha is derived from the Arabic word "Fathun" which means "opening up". It has been named in accordance with the content of this Surah. The one with the help of which a subject, book or thing is inaugurated is called 'Fatiha'. In other words, the word conveys the meaning of introduction and beginning of speech.

There are four other names of this surah in the hadith, one of which is Ummul. However, there are at least 23 titles of this surah in Islamic writing. It is called Saba Masani or the widely read seven verses.

There are several other names for this surah. Such as- Fatihatul Kitab, Ummul Kitab, Suratul-Hamd, Suratus-Salat, As-Sabi'ul Masani.

## Time of revelation 
As this sura is the foundation of Islamic prayer, most Islamic scholars hold that it was revealed in Mecca early in Muhammad's Prophecy. One tradition has Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muhammad's son-in-law, one of his earliest followers and his rightful successor in the eyes of Shi'ite Muslims, saying: "The Opening of the Book was revealed in Mecca from a treasure beneath the divine throne." The eleventh-century Islamic scholar al-Wahidi relates a tradition in which the Fatiha constituted the first revelation of the Qur’an, rather than the famous demand from the angel that Muhammad "recite," which sura 96 currently enshrines as the first revelation of the Qur'an. Al-Awahidi adds, "This is also the opinion of Ali ibn Abi Talib." This belief persisted to the extent that the twelfth-century Persian Islamic Scholar and jurist Zamakhshari states that most Qur'an commentators at the time he was writing believed that the Fatiha was the first sura revealed. The idea is that the Fatiha was the beginning of the Qur'anic revelation. However, it is a minority view, with mainstream Islamic scholars today holding that sura 96, or at least the start of it, was the first revelation to come to Muhammad.

## Variants 
Instead of "Praise be to Allah," the seventeenth-century Shi'ite scholar Muhammad Baqir Majlisi has, "We greatly praise Allah."

Instead of "the compassionate, the merciful" *(ar-rahman ar-rahim),* a variant seen in Cairo by the Qur'anic scholar Arthur Jeffery (1892-1959) has "the sustainer, the merciful" (ar-razzaqi ar-rahimi).

Instead of "master of the day of judgment," the Warsh Qur'an has "king of the day of judgment."

## References 
## Other websites 
* Text of *Surah* al-Fatiha with multiple available translations
Craig R. McKinley

**Craig Richard McKinley** (born May 6, 1952) is a retired United States Air Force general. He served as the 26th Chief of the National Guard Bureau that succeeded in getting four-star general.

## References
Army general

**Army general** is a military term, title or name which many countries refer or give to the rank of general that usually command an army in the field. 

## References
Murder of Dean Shillingsworth

**Dean Shillingsworth** (February 25, 2005 – October 11, 2007) was a 2-year-old boy who was murdered. Children discovered the body in a pond in Mandurama Reserve at Ambarvale, New South Wales, Australia on 17 October 2007. The child's body was wrapped in two plastic bags. It was inside a tartan suitcase. The body had been in the water for a long time, and had started to decompose.  The local police set up a crime scene which was investigated by NSW Police Forensic Services Group.  The forensic evidence and investigation led to the boy's mother, Rachel Pfitzner, who lived in nearby Rosemeadow. Police later arrested her. She was charged with Dean's murder and sentenced to 25 and a half years in jail.  

## References
Extinct (2021 movie)

**Extinct** is an 2021 Canadian-American computer animated comic science fiction adventure movie directed by David Silverman and Raymond S. Persi and produced by HB Wink Animation, Tencent Pictures, Huayi Brothers, Timeless Films, Tolerable Entertainment and Cinesite and distributed by Netflix, released in the United States on November 19, 2021.

## Voice Cast 
* Adam Devine as Ed
* Rachel Bloom as Op
* Zazie Beetz as Dottie 
* Jim Jefferies as Burnie 
* Catherine O'Hara as Alma
* Reggie Watts as Hoss
* Benedict Wong as Dr. Chung
* Ken Jeong as Clarence                                                                                                                                                           
* Nick Frost as Captain
* Tom Hollander as Charles Darwin
* Henry Winkler as Jepson 
* Richard Kind as Wally
* Steve Aoki as Vinny
* Alex Borstein as Mali                                                                                                                                                   Additional voices: Jon Lovitz, Sydney Malmberg Liu, Maria Bamford, Terry Gross, Tom Kenny, Jason Hightower as Narrator, David Silverman as Cyclops, Brenden Patrick Hill, Benedict Wong, Raymond S. Persi, Julia Chan as Mrs. Sun, Little girl.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Anthony Veasna So

**Anthony Veasna So** was an American writer. He wrote short stories.

National Public Radio (in USA) and Morgenbladet (in Norway), each had a book review about (his book), *Afterparties*. The publisher of the book, is Ecco.

He was born in 1992 and died in 2020.

## Personal life
His parents were immigrants from Cambodia.

He died from a drug overdose; the death was an accident.

## References
Khobar

**Khobar** is a city in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia, located on the coast of the Persian Gulf. It is one of the most populous cities in the Gulf Cooperation Council, with a population of 9,41,357 in 2012.

## Other websites 
*
Abdulaziz Al Sheikh

**Abdulaziz bin Abdullah Al-Sheikh** ( *ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd Āllah Āl ash-Sheikh*; 30 November 1940 &ndash; 23 September 2025) was a Muslim scholar who was the Chief Mufti of Saudi Arabia from 1999 until his death. As **Grand Mufti**, he was the head of the Standing Committee on Islamic Studies and Fatwas on Issues.

Abdulaziz Al Sheikh died on 23 September 2025, at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites 
* http://alifta.com/Fatawa/MoftyDetails.aspx?languagename=en&ID=8
Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem

of the *Bismillah*.]]

  calligraphy]]

**In the Name of Allah (Subhanwatala) the Benificent, the Merciful, the Compassionate** or** Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem** (Arabic: 'بِسْمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيْمِ) is an Arabic phrase meaning "in the name of God, Most Benificent, Most Merciful", commonly titled the Basmalah. *Bismillah* is the abbreviated version of the phrase. Every chapter in the Qur'an, the Muslim holy book, starts with the Basmalah, other than chapter 9, which is called Surah At-Tawbah. It is also known from the hadith that the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, used to say the shorter form, "Bismillah", before starting any work, such as eating. In many works there are instructions to say or write "Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem". In legal terms, even if it is not mandatory, it is still *Mustahab,* meaning desirable of benificent.

## Other websites 
* Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
* Bismillah Samples, a collection of *bismillah* art-forms.
* Bismillah in ''Tadabbur-i-Qur'an''.
* Meaning of Bismillah
* Beyond Probability, God's Message in Mathematics. Series 1: The Opening Statement of the Quran (The Bismillah).
* The Blessed Bismillah  - Seeking a healing cure by means of Bismillah, the pure
Yugo

The **Yugo**, also called **Zastava Koral** and **Yugo Koral**, was a subcompact hatchback vehicle. It was manufactured between 2000 and 2008 by the Zastava Automobiles, then a Yugoslavian vehicle-production company. Before 2000, these automobiles were produced from completely different vehicle-making businesses.

The first Yugo vehicles were produced in August 1953. They used designs licensed  by Fiat of Turin. The cars came into the United States in 1985. The automobiles were called Yugo when being manufactured in the United States.

Yugo America sold these vehicles between August 1985 and 1992. They were called the worst vehicles in history.

## References
Abimael Guzmán

**Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reinoso** (; 3 December 1934 − 11 September 2021), also known by his *nom de guerre* **Chairman Gonzalo** (), was a Peruvian Maoist leader. 

He founded the Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path in 1969. He led a terrorist campaign against the Peruvian government until he was arrested in September 1992. He was sentenced to life imprisonment for terrorism and treason.

In July 2021, Guzmán was hospitalized after refusing to eat. He died on 11 September 2021 in Callao, Peru at the age of 86.

## References
Mick Tingelhoff

**Henry Michael Tingelhoff** (May 22, 1940September 11, 2021) was an American football center. He played for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL) from 1962 to 1978. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2015. He was born in Lexington, Nebraska.

Tingelhoff died on September 11, 2021 from cancer at the age of 81.

## References
Tommy Hazouri

**Tommy Hazouri** (October 11, 1944 – September 11, 2021) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1974 to 1986. He was Mayor of Jacksonville from 1987 to 1991. Hazouri was born in Jacksonville.

Hazouri died on September 11, 2021 at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota from problems caused by a lung transplant at the age of 76.

## References
Friedrich Wilhelm Kritzinger

**Friedrich Wilhelm Kritzinger** (14 April 189025 April 1947) was a German politician. He was an official and state secretary in the Reich Chancellery during the Nazi Germany era. He was the deputy head of the Reich Chancellery under Hans Lammers.

Kritzinger was eventually arrested, along with most of the other surviving members of the Wannsee Conference, in 1946. During the Nuremberg Trials, where he was a witness, he said he was ashamed of his actions during the Nazi regime. He was released in April 1946 but then arrested again in December of the same year. 

## References
Taqi Usmani

**Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani** (Urdu: مُحَمَّدٌ تَقِيٌّ عُثْمَانِيٌّ; born 1943) is a prominent Islamic figure in Pakistan. He is an expert in Islamic jurisprudence, hadith, and economics. He has been selected as the most influential Muslim person in the world. He is currently one of the most active figures in Islamic economics. He was a judge of the Central Shariah Court of Pakistan from 1980 to 1982 and the Shariah Appeal Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 1982 to 2002. He is the translator of the famous commentary "Maariful Qur'an" by Mufti Shafi Usmani into English.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Studio Recording HD Audio Quran Tafseer Urdu Lectures by Mufti Taqi Usmani
* Urdu Books
* English Books
* Khutbaat e Usmani (Juma Lectures) of Mufti Taqi Usmani in Urdu
* Audio Quran Tafseer Lectures by Mufti Taqi Usmani
* Get Urdu Quran Translation (Audio & PDF Version) by Taqi Usmani
* Official website Darul Uloom Karachi
* Profile of Mufti Taqi Usmani
* https://muftitaqiusmani.com/en/?avada_portfolio=an-introduction-to-islamic-finance
Florida Air National Guard

The **Florida Air National Guard** (***FL ANG***) is an Airforce organization of the State of Florida, United States of America. 

## References
Mufti

()]]
**Mufti** (/ˈmʌfti/; Arabic: مفتي), an Islamic legal authority who gives a formal legal opinion (fatwa) in answer to an inquiry by a private individual or judge. A fatwa usually requires knowledge of the Qur'ān and Hadith (narratives concerning the Prophet’s life and sayings), as well as knowledge of exegesis and collected precedents, and might be a pronouncement on some problematic legal matter.

## Other websites 
* *Fatwa*  – multi-part article from *The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World*, via Oxford Islamic Studies
* The ethics of Muftī by Imam Ibn Khaldûn
* 
*
Guilherme Posser da Costa

**Guilherme Posser da Costa** (born 18 May 1953) is a São Toméan politician. He was the Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1999 to 2001.

Posser da Costa was Minister of Foreign Affairs: 1987-1988, 1990-1991, and 1994-1996. He unsuccessfully ran for President of São Tomé and Príncipe in 2021, losing to Carlos Vila Nova.

## References
Peter Arnold

**Arnold Peter Arnold** (16 October 1926 – 7 September 2021) was a New Zealand cricketer who was born in Wellington. He was a right-handed batter, and an occasional right arm medium pace bowler. Arnold played first-class cricket for Northamptonshire from 1951 to 1960, and for Canterbury in New Zealand for one season in 1953–54. He retired from playing in 1960 to concentrate on his business interests.

Peter Arnold died in Northampton, aged 94.

## References
## Other Websites
*
Leylah Fernandez

**Leylah Annie Fernandez** (born 6 September 2002) is a Canadian professional tennis player. She won her first WTA Tour singles title at the 2021 Monterrey Open. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 66. She made it to the 2021 US Open final but lost. She was born in Montreal, Quebec.

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Laura Ziskin

**Laura Ellen Ziskin** (March 3, 1950 – June 12, 2011) was an American movie producer. She was the executive producer of the romantic comedy *Pretty Woman* (1990). She was the first woman to produce the Academy Awards telecast alone. Ziskin was born in San Fernando Valley, California. 

Ziskin was married to Alvin Sargent between 2010, until her death. 

Ziskin died on June 12, 2011 from breast cancer in Santa Monica, California at the age of 61.

## References