open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Alexander Andrievsky

**Alexander Andrijevski** (born August 10, 1968 in Minsk, Belarus) is a Belarusian former professional ice hockey right winger who played one game for the Chicago Blackhawks in the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career statistics 
## Other websites 
* 
*
1931–32 NHL season

The **1931–32 NHL season** was the fifteenth season of the National Hockey League. Eight teams played 48 games each. The Toronto Maple Leafs swept the New York Rangers in three games for the Stanley Cup.

## Regular season
### Final standings
*Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

*Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold*

### Leading scorers
*Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

## Stanley Cup playoffs
### Playoff bracket
## NHL awards
### All-Star teams
## First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1931–32 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
*Art Coulter, Chicago Black Hawks
*Earl Seibert, New York Rangers
*Ott Heller, New York Rangers

## Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1931–32 (listed with their last team):
*Georges Boucher, Chicago Black Hawks
*Art Gagne, Detroit Falcons
*Carson Cooper, Detroit Falcons

## References
*Hockey Database
*NHL.com
Genogram

A **genogram** is a family tree with medical details, such as whether the person is male or female, and whether brothers and sisters are twins. Genograms help medics understand a person better.

## Family relationships 
One of the advantages of a genogram is the ability to use colour-coded lines to define different types of relationships such as family relationships, emotional relationships and social relationships. Within family relationships, you can illustrate if a couple is married, divorced, common-law, engaged, etc.

## References 
## External links
* Introductory guide explaining genograms - Creately
Sehwan Sharif Tehsil

**Sehwan Sharif** () is a taluka in Jamshoro District, Sindh, Pakistan. The taluka headquarter is Sehwan, the city famous for saint Lal Shahbaz Qalandar.

Currently, Sindh government is planning to create Sehwan Sharif District with the combination of Sehwan taluka and Rani Kot Taluka (Planned), Rani Kot Taluka is under planning due to upgrade tourists facilities 

## History 
The city is known for its Muslim patron saint Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar who lived here in 13th century CE. Lal Shahbaz Qalandar's mausoleum attracts hundred of thousands of faithful Muslims every year. Sehwan Sharif is basically known by the Muslim Sufi saint, philosopher and poet Hazrat Syed Usman Shah Marwandi commonly known as Lal Shahbaz Qalandar ( لال شھباز قلندر).

### Colonial Era 
In British India, Sehwan Taluka was a part of Sehwan Division of Karachi District. Its headquarters were in the town of Sehwan and it was a tehsil (administrative subdivision) of the district. 

The taluka was bordered to the north by the talukas of Dadu and Johi, to the east by the talukas of Kazi Ahmed and Moro, and to the south by the talukas of Manjhand and Kohistan Mahal (now Thana Bula Khan).

Sehwan Taluka has a ancient history that goes back thousands of years. ***Siwistan*** or ***sewan*** was the traditional name for sehwan. The shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalander, a Sufi saint who is thought to have lived in the 12th century, is located in the town of Sehwan. Muslim pilgrims from all over the world frequently visit the shrine.

Sehwan was a part of the Talpur kingdom in the 18th century. Sindh was controlled by the Talpur family from 1783 to 1843. Following the British victory over the Talpurs in 1843, Sehwan was given the rank of taluka, and the taluka joined the Karachi district of British India.

The taluka was transferred to Larkana from Karachi district in 1901 to create the new  Larkana District.

Before being combined with the taluka of Dadu to establish the new district of Dadu in 1931, the taluka was still a part of the Larkana district. Sehwan Taluka is currently a part of Sindh, Pakistan's Jamshoro district.

In 2004, Sehwan taluka was again combined with Kotri taluka to form a new Jamshoro district.

The shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalander, the remains of the Sehwan Fort, and the Manchhar Lake are just a few of the historical and archaeological monuments that can be found in the taluka. Additionally, the taluka is renowned for its agricultural output, particularly of wheat, sugarcane, and rice.

The following are a few significant occasions in Sehwan Taluka's history:

Lal Shahbaz Qalander is reputed to have resided in Sehwan in the 12th century.

Sehwan was a component of the Talpur kingdom from 1783 to 1843.

1843: The British annex Sehwan Taluka.

1858: Sehwan attained taluka rank.

1901: Sehwan Taluka was moved to the Larkana district.

1931: The talukas of Sehwan and Dadu are combined to create the new district of Dadu.

2004: taluka again combined with Kotri taluka to form a new district Jamshoro.

## References
Newington, London

**Newington** is an area in the London Borough of Southwark in London, England.

## Other websites 
* Newington, Southwark — Hidden London 
* Walworth, Newington and Elephant & Castle suburban development
Makemake (dwarf planet)

]]
**Makemake** (symbol ); officially known as **136472 Makemake**) is a dwarf planet. It was discovered on March 31, 2005 by astronomers Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo and David Rabinowitz. It was announced as a dwarf planet on June 11, 2008, and the discovery of a moon was announced on April 26, 2016. Makemake is a Trans-Neptunian object, because it orbits the Sun further out than Neptune.     

Because the diameter, Makemake is the fourth largest known dwarf planet and Trans-Neptunian object in the Solar System, after Pluto, Eris, and Haumea.    

Originally the object was given a codename 'Easterbunny' as it was discovered shortly after Easter. The IAU gave it the name 136472 Makemake, the creator god of the ancient Easter Island people, to keep its connection with Easter.   

Makemake appears to be made mainly of ice and rock. However, at its very low temperature, ice is as hard as many types of rock.

In 2016, it was discovered that Makemake has a small moon. Makemake's moon does not yet have a name. Instead, astronomers call it "S/2015 (136472) 1" and use a nickname of MK2. Its orbital period around Makemake is more than 12 days. The moon is about 87.5 kilometers across the diameter.

## References 
## Other websites 
* MPEC listing for Makemake
Bill Anderson

**William "Red" Anderson** (December 13, 1912 – June 16, 1991) in Tillsonburg, Ontario) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player that played one game with the Boston Bruins in the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career statistics
## References
*
Stromatolite

, Western Australia]]
 chert (SPC) (Pilbara Craton) - Western Australia]]
 stromatolites from Bolivia, South America (polished vertical section through rock)]]

**Stromatolites**  are special rock-like structures. They usually form in shallow water.

They are formed by bacteria such as cyanobacteria. There may also be other types of bacteria and single-celled algae.

The mucus secreted by the bacteria collects grains of sediment, and they are stuck together with calcium carbonate, also from the bacteria. This builds up into the structures seen in certain sea-shore bays. Cyanobacteria use water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to create their food, and expel oxygen as a by-product.

The real significance of stromatolites is that they are the earliest fossil evidence of life on Earth. The oldest known stromatolites have been dated between 3,710 million years and 3,695 million years old, and were discovered from an exposed outcrop of metacarbonate rocks in the Isua supracrustal belt (ISB) in Southwest Greenland. 

The ISB stromatolites predate by over 215 million years the previous evidence for oldest life remains: stromatolites in the 3,480 million year old Dresser Formation of the Pilbara craton in Western Australia.
At one time, the oldest known stromatolites were dated to 3,450 million years ago, during the Archaean eon. Recent discoveries of older stromatolites shows evidence in accord with genetic molecular clock studies. These have placed the origin of life in the Hadean eon.

The ability of cyanobacteria to perform oxygenic photosynthesis is highly significant. Early cyanobacteria in stromatolites are thought to be responsible for increasing the amount of oxygen in the primeval Earth's atmosphere through their continuing photosynthesis.

## Related pages 
*Thrombolite

## References
Encyclopedia Dramatica

**Encyclopædia Dramatica** (**ED**) is a website that stored mostly articles that make fun of people or things. The pages satirize current events, and many events on the internet. Encyclopædia Dramatica has been described as a " (sarcastic and nasty) Wikipedia anti-fansite".

The site is a wiki that runs on MediaWiki software. The site often shows its content in a disrespectful way Many articles are written in a satirical way to upset those who take the content seriously.

## Content 
This wiki has been described as "an online compendium of troll humor and lore". Its articles relate to news, current events, gossip and other "drama" topics from across the Internet, controversial article content, forums, fansites, Internet subculture, users of web services, and administrators of Wikipedia. Many non-users didn't like the decision either, and hacked and attacked the Facebook fan page with "hate messages and pornography". But now, ED is back open.

## References
2008 in movies

Below is a list of movies released in 2008, ordered by release date.

## Highest-grossing movies
## Events
## Awards
## 2008 wide-release movies
### January–March
### April–June
### July–September
### October–December
## Notable deaths
## Movie debuts
* Chadwick Boseman – *The Express*
* Jessica Chastain – *Jolene*
* Felicity Jones – *Flashbacks of a Fool*
* Jennifer Lawrence – *Garden Party*
* Rooney Mara – *Dream Boy*
* Margot Robbie – *Vigilante*

## Sources
* 2008 release schedule at Box Office Mojo

## References
Bigpoint GmbH

Bigpoint GmbH is a game developer based in Hamburg, Germany which produces browser based MMORPG games that are unique in that do not require any downloads to play.

Founded by Heiko Hubertz  in December of 2002, Bigpoint has experienced record growth (more than 4500% in 5 years) since its creation and won numerous business awards including the Red Herring Award in 2007 - placing it among the top 100 most innovative businesses - and the Ruban d'Honneur at the European Business Awards in 2009.

In June of 2008 a 70% controlling share of Bigpoint GmbH was purchased by NBCU's and GE's joint venture Peacock Equity Fund  and UK PE Firm GMT Communications Partners in a $110m (€70m) deal that gave each a 35% share of the company.

This allowed the three initial venture capital investors -  Aurelia Private Equity, European Founders Fund and United Internet Beteiligungen - to sell out while CEO Heiko Hubertz  re-invested his share of the sale to retain a 30% stake in the company.

Heiko Hubertz  currently acts as the company's Managing Director.

Bigpoint has a portfolio of more than 40 games translated into 20 languages, with the two largest being SeaFight with approximately 15.7 million registered users and Dark Orbit with approximately 14.2 million registered users.

The company claims to receive more than 200,000 new user registrations each day.

A complete list of Bigpoint's games can be found Here 

## Related Links 
*Bigpoint Homepage
*Bigpoint Gaming Portal
*Heiko Hubertz Profile 
*Red Herring Award
*European Business Awards
*Peacock Equity Fund 
*GMT Communications partners

## Sources
*GMT and NBC Universal take over Bigpoint 
*Bigpoint’s Sale to NBC-GMT a Big Deal 
*Peacock Equity Fund, GMT in $110 Million Buyout of Bigpoint 
*NBCU’s Peacock And PE Firm GMT Take $110 Million Majority Stake In German Gamer Bigpoint 
*Bigpoint GmbH Company Profile 

## Related Information
Super Bowl XXXVI

**Super Bowl XXXVI** was a Super Bowl game. It was played on February 3, 2002 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The New England Patriots won their first Super Bowl by  the St. Louis Rams (now called the Los Angeles Rams), 20–17. The national anthem was sung by Mariah Carey and the halftime show featured the band, U2.

## Team statistics 
### Team statistics leaders

*Completions/Attempts
aCarries
bLong play
cReceptions

## Starting players 
## Game officials
* **Referee:** Bernie Kukar
* **Umpire:** Jeff Rice
* **Head Linesman:** Mark Hittner
* **Line Judge:** Ron Phares
* **Field Judge:** Pete Morelli
* **Side Judge:** Laird Hayes
* **Back Judge:** Scott Green
* **Alternate Referee:** Mike Carey
* **Alternate Umpire:** Ron Botchan

## References
## Other websites 
* Super Bowl official website
* https://www.pro-football-reference.com - Large online database of NFL data and statistics
Marc Bulger

**Marc Robert Bulger** () (born April 5, 1977 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American former professional football quarterback. He played for 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the St. Louis Rams and Baltimore Ravens. He played his entire NFL career with the Rams and was only the backup quarterback for Joe Flacco on the Ravens. He was voted Most Valuable Player of the 2004 Pro Bowl.

On August 2, 2011, Bulger retired from playing professional football.

## References
## Other websites 
*Marc Bulger Season and Career Stats
*St. Louis Rams Profile
Pro Bowl

during the 2006 Pro Bowl.]]
The **Pro Bowl** is the all-star game for the National Football League (NFL). It is played the week before the Super Bowl. The game has been played at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii, since January 1980.

## AFC-NFC Pro Bowls (1971-present)
filled in for then-Jets head coach Bill Parcells

Saturday game

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* The Complete History of the Pro Bowl 
* Pro Bowl info, pictures and news
* The NFL's official website
* Online Fan Voting Ballot 
* Pro Bowl Ticketing Site
Moons of Pluto

The **moons of Pluto** are moons which orbit the dwarf planet Pluto. There are five moons orbiting the dwarf planet in total. The first one discovered was Charon which is near one quarter the size of Pluto. Charon was also sometimes considered a double dwarf planet.  The second was Nix, the third was Hydra, the fourth moon was Kerberos, and the fifth moon to be discovered was Styx.
## History
The first and largest moon discovered orbiting around Pluto was Charon, Charon was discovered on June 22 1978 by James Christy. In May 2005, the Hubble Space Telescope discovered two smaller moons which were named Nix and Hydra.  In 2015, the space probe New Horizons flew by Pluto and its moons. It was the first spacecraft to do so.

## References
Glory (religion)

**Glory** (from the Latin *gloria*, meaning "fame" or "renown") is a word used to show the highness of God, in the Judeo-Christian religions.

## Other websites 
*The Glorification of Saints in the Orthodox Church by Fr. Joseph Frawley
*What Does Glorification Mean?  by Fr. Alexey Young
Bart Starr

**Bryan Bartlett Starr** (January 9, 1934 in Montgomery, Alabama &ndash; May 26, 2019) was a former American football player and coach for the National Football League. He was the quarterback for the Green Bay Packers (1956-1971) and the MVP of the first two Super Bowls. He went to the Pro Bowl four times. He was added to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1977.

## Career records and statistics 
### Coaching record 
### Playing statistics 
## References
## Other websites 
* Pro Football Hall of Fame
* Bart Starr statistics
* 1956 NFL Draft  from the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Tom Coughlin

**Thomas Richard Coughlin** (born August 31, 1946 in Waterloo, New York) is the head coach for the New York Giants, the 2007 National Football League (NFL) Super Bowl Champions. He was the coach at Boston College before moving to the NFL. 

## NFL coaching record 
## Other websites 
* Biography on New York Giants official site
Herbarium

In botany, an **herbarium** is the building where the specimens are , or the scientific institute that not only stores but researches these specimens. A  plant  on a sheet also is an herbarium.
In scientific literature herbaria are  by acronyms,
for example NY specimens are kept in New York Botanical garden.

## Related pages
*herbal - description of plants and their uses, common in the Middle Ages

## Other websites 
* Index Herbariorum
Medial collateral ligament

The **medial collateral ligament** (often known as the **tibial collateral ligament**, or abbreviated to **MCL**) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee.

## Other websites 
* The KNEEguru  – an educational site with much knee content with sections on medial collateral ligament injuries
Slash fiction

**Slash fiction** is fiction, especially fanfiction, that is about homosexual couples. Usually "slash" refers to male/male couples. The word "FemSlash" is used to describe female/female couples. To this day, most slash is written by women for other women to read.

The word is believed to have first been used with Kirk/Spock pairings in fan stories. These stories began being written in the late 1970's.

Slash fiction does not need explicit sexual encounters to be considered slash. The homosexual activity could be just holding hands or kissing.

In Japanese manga, slash stories are called *yaoi*. This is only used to describe male/male relationships. *Yuri* is used to describe female/female relationships, much the same as the word "FemSlash" is used.

## Other websites
* An article on a Franz Ferdinand/Morrissey slash story
* "Harry Potter and the mystery of an academic obsession"—an August, 2006 Observer article discussing Harry Potter slash.
* Gay "Trek" —a June 30, 2000 
* Performance, Property, and the Slashing of Gender in Fan Fiction
* Slash Fiction/Fanfiction - The International Handbook of Virtual Learning Environments
Dennis Green

**Dennis "Denny" Green** (February 17, 1949 &ndash; July 22, 2016) was a head coach for the Minnesota Vikings and Arizona Cardinals, in the National Football League. He also coached college football for Northwestern University and Stanford University. He was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

## Interview 
After the Cardinals' loss to the Chicago Bears in 2006, Green erupted in an angry interview, because the Cardinals were winning by 20 points first, but then the Bears came back and won, with the Cardinals kicker Neil Rackers missing the game-winning field goal.

## Death 
Green died suddenly of a massive heart attack in Minneapolis, Minnesota on July 22, 2016, aged 67.

## Head coaching records 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Green's official website
* 2006 Northwestern Football Media Guide (History)
* 2006 Stanford Football Media Guide (History)
Emmitt Smith

**Emmitt James Smith III** (born May 15, 1969 in Pensacola, Florida) is a former National Football League player who played for the Dallas Cowboys and Arizona Cardinals. 

## Other websites 
* Official website 
*IMG Speakers  Official Agents for Emmitt Smith
Fenway Park

**Fenway Park** is a baseball stadium in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the home stadium of the Boston Red Sox. The park opened in 1912. It is the oldest of all current Major League Baseball parks.

The ballpark has also been the home field of several football teams. Some Boston college teams have played there. The New England Patriots also played there in their early years.

The name Fenway Park comes from the stadium being in the Fenway district of Boston. One of its well-known features is the Green Monster, a tall wall in left field.  Seats were added to the Green monster in 2003.

The Major League Baseball All-Star Games in 1946, 1961, and 1999 were played at Fenway. Nine World Series games have been played there.

## Other websites 
*Fenway Park info, including information on visiting 
*Fenway Park facts, photos, statistics and trivia
*Boston Ballpark History . *MLB.com*.
*Fenway Park dynamic diagram at Clem's Baseball
*Google Maps Aerial view
*SaveFenwayPark.com, a fan-run movement to save and preserve Fenway Park
Josh McCown

**Joshua Treadwell McCown** (born July 4, 1979 in Jacksonville, Texas) is an American football quarterback for the New York Jets of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the third round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at Sam Houston State. McCown was named Player of the Week during his time with the Hartford Colonials of the United Football League in 2010.

## Other websites 
*Chicago Bears biography on McCown 
*Detroit Lions biography on McCown 
*Miami Dolphins biography on McCown 
*Oakland Raiders biography on McCown
Mike Sweeney

**Michael John Sweeney** (born July 22, 1973 in Orange, California) is a retired first baseman and designated hitter in Major League Baseball. He played for the Kansas City Royals, Oakland Athletics, Seattle Mariners and the Philadelphia Phillies. Sweeny retired in 2011.

## Other websites 
*
*Player Information for Mike Sweeney on Kansas City Royals Official Site 
*ESPN.com: Mike Sweeney
*The Mike and Shara Sweeney Family Foundation
Jim Caviezel

**James Patrick Caviezel, Jr.** (; born September 26, 1968) is an American movie actor. He is sometimes called **Jim Caviezel**. He is probably best known for playing the part of Jesus Christ in the 2004 movie *The Passion of the Christ*.

## Filmography 
## Other websites 
* 
* Jim Caviezel Website - JimCaviezel.us
Human cloning

**Human cloning** is the creation of a human being, human cell, or human tissue taken from another human. This method is used to make an exact copy of a human.

It has two types:
*To make an exact copy of a cell (*therapeutic cloning*).
*To reproduce a human being (*reproductive cloning*).

## Other websites 
*Variations and voids: the regulation of human cloning around the world
Patricia Heaton

**Patricia Helen Heaton** (born March 4, 1958 in Bay Village, Ohio) is an American actress best known for playing lead character and Ray Barone's wife Debra Barone on the CBS television sitcom *Everybody Loves Raymond*. She currently stars as Frankie Heck on the ABC sitcom *The Middle*.

She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on May 22, 2012.

## Early life
Patricia Heaton was born in Bay Village, Ohio, the daughter of Patricia (née Hurd) and Chuck Heaton, who was a sportswriter for *The Plain Dealer.* Heaton's mother died of an aneurysm when the actress was 12. The fourth of five children,

Heaton has three sisters, Sharon, Alice, and Frances, and one brother, Michael, who is the "Minister of Culture" columnist for *The Plain Dealer* and a writer for the paper's Friday Magazine.

## Personal life
Heaton has been married to British actor David Hunt since 1990. They have four sons and they divide their time between Los Angeles and Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. Her memoir, *Motherhood and Hollywood: How to Get a Job Like Mine*, was published by Villard Books in 2002.

Hunt is Heaton's second husband. After her divorce from her first husband, she went through a self-described "Protestant wilderness". Since June 2017, Heaton's first marriage has been annulled by the Catholic Church and has since returned as an observant of Catholicism.

Heaton has been open about having plastic surgery; citing having a tummy-tuck and a breast reduction after undergoing four Caesarean sections.

## Filmography
## Emmy Awards
Heaton won two Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Emmy Awards for her work in *Everybody Loves Raymond*:
*  for: "Bad Moon Rising" (2000)
* for: "The Canister" (2001)

She has been nominated for five others for the same series:
* for: "Be Nice" (1999)
* for: "A Vote for Debra" (2002)
* "Baggage" (2003)
* "Fun with Debra" (2004)
* for: "Finale" (2005)

## References
## Other websites 
*
Jeff Suppan

**Jeffrey Scot Suppan** (; born January 2, 1975, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), is a Major League Baseball pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Baseball Reference  minor league statistics
* Jeff Suppan's restaurant
Tomato sauce

**Tomato sauce** is the name for a sauce that is mainly made from tomatoes. It is usually part of a dish, but it can also be the base for other condiments.

It is used for dishes such as *pasta al pomodoro but it can also be used for sauces like arrabiata sauce (which is a spicy tomato sauce).*

## Related pages 
*Pasta sauce
*Ketchup
Puzzle video game

A **puzzle video game** is a type of video game that focuses on puzzle solving. They test things such as strategy, logic, and problem solving.  

Examples include: Minesweeper, Portal, Wordle and Tetris
Matt Leinart

**Matthew Stephen Leinart** (born May 11, 1983 in Santa Ana, California) is an American football quarterback for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League. He played college football for the University of Southern California Trojans. In 2004, his junior year at USC, he won the Heisman Trophy. He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in 2006. The Cardinals released him in 2010, and he was signed by the Houston Texans. He joined the Raiders for the 2012 season.

## Honors
### 2004
* Heisman Trophy Winner
* Rose Bowl MVP
* Walter Camp Award
* AP player of the year
* Touchdown Club Manning Award
* Touchdown Club QB of the Year
* Victor Award (Player of the Year)
* James E. Sullivan Award Finalist
* Newport college player of the year
* AP All-American first team
* Football Coaches All-American first team
* ESPN, CSTV, Rivals.com, SI.com, and CFBNews first team All-American 
* Pac-10 Co-offensive player of the year
* ESPN.com player of the year
* Rivals.com player of the year
* Pre-season All-American

### 2005
*Orange Bowl MVP 
*Unitas Award
*Finalist for Heisman Trophy
*All-American Offensive Player
*LA Sports Sportsman of the Year
*Sporting News Sportsman of the Year
*National Championship MVP

### 2006
*Cosmopolitan Fun Fearless Males 2006
*ESPN Hottest Male Athlete of the Year
*People Magazine 100 Most Beautiful People
*10th Pick in the 2006 NFL draft

## Career statistics 
### College
### NFL
## References
## Other websites 
* MattLeinartQB.com  - Matt Leinart Official Website
* MattLeinart.com - Matt Leinart News 
* Matt Leinart at NFL.com
* Matt Leinart on The Internet Movie Database
* SportsUltra .
Donation

]]
A **donation** is a gift usually given for charitable reasons. It could be money, food, toys, clothing, or something else that is needed. Usually, when someone gives a donation they do not expect to get anything in return.

## Related pages 
* Blood donation
* Organ donation
* Philanthropy

## References
## Other websites 
* Donation definition on WordNet Search
Amendment

An **amendment** is a formal or official change made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document.  It is based on the verb **to amend**, which means to change. Amendments can add, remove, or update parts of these agreements.  They are often used when it is better to change the document than to write a new one.

## Contracts 
Contracts are often amended when the market changes.  For example, a contract to deliver something to a customer once a month can be amended if the customer wants it delivered once a week.  Usually, everyone involved in the contract must agree to the amendment before it goes into effect.  Most contracts are written with rules about amendments, like if they are allowed, who must agree to them, and when they go into effect. 
## Constitutions 
Constitutions are often amended when people change their minds about what the government should do.  Some of the most famous constitutional amendments are the First Amendment to the United States Constitution which added the freedom of speech, religion, press, and protest, and the Third Amendment to the Constitution of Ireland, which let Ireland join the European Union.  Constitutional amendments usually must be approved by both the parliament or legislature and a referendum - a vote by all citizens in a country.

## Motion 
In parliamentary procedure, the way that many meetings are run, an amendment is a type of motion - a proposal or formal suggestion to do something.  Amendments can remove words, add words, or change words from motions.  Usually, any motion can be amended, even other amendments.  However, an amendment to an amendment of an amendment is often not allowed.
Precambrian

**Pre-cambrian** (or **Precambrian**) is a term used to describe the eons before the Cambrian. It lasted from about 4.567 billion years BC to about 542 million years BC. It starts with the beginning of the Earth, about 4.567 billion years BC. When it ends, there were many hard-shelled animals around. It is named after the Roman name for Cymru / Wales, because rocks thought to be from this time were first studied there.

The supereon is subdivided into 3 eons, the Hadean (4.5 to 4 billion years BC), the Archaean (4 to 2.5 billion years BC) and the Proterozoic (from 2.5 billion years to 542 million years BC).

The immediate Precambrian period is the Ediacaran.

## References
Pet Sounds

***Pet Sounds*** is the 11th studio album by the American band the Beach Boys. It was released in 1966. The album was very popular for its complex but catchy pop songs and technical recording style.

The leader of the band, Brian Wilson used a system of recording songs that was a little different than the system they had used before. Much of the album was recorded by Wilson himself using professional studio musicians. - people who are hired to play songs for an album. In the recording, stringed and wind instruments were used. They also used instruments that were very unusual for rock music. These included vibraphones, harps, French horns, harpsichords, electro-theremins. Also, things like bicycle whistles, and Coca Cola cans with stones inside of them were used. The lyrics of the songs were more serious. They talked about the problems, disappointments and sadness of a young man. Because all the songs had a similar mood and themes, it is considered to be a concept album.

After the album was released, *Pet Sounds* did not sell very well. Wilson felt this was a failure but music critics loved it. The album got real recognition in 1990s-2000s, when many music magazines listed it in their lists of the best albums in popular music.

Wilson decided to make another album in the same way. The new album, he called *Smile*.
Prince of Wales (disambiguation)

**Prince of Wales** is the title traditionally given to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. It originated as the title of current princes of Wales in the 12th and 13th centuries.
* It is currently used by Charles, Prince of Wales.
* The previous holder, Charles' great-uncle, became Edward VIII, later Duke of Windsor.
* Albert Edward who became Edward VII held the title longer than any other in history.
* George IV of the United Kingdom (1762-1830)

The name **Prince of Wales** may also refer to:
__NOTOC__

## Locations
* Prince of Wales Bridge between Ottawa, Ontario, and Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
* Prince of Wales Fort, historic HBC fort at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
* Prince of Wales Strait, in the Northwest Territories of Canada separating Banks Island to the northwest from Victoria Island to the southeast
* Cape Prince of Wales, the westernmost point of the North American mainland
* Prince of Wales Mountains, a mountain range on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada
* Prince of Wales Range, mountain range on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

### Islands
*Prince of Wales Island (Alaska), USA
*Prince of Wales Island (Nunavut), Canada
*Prince of Wales Island (Queensland) is one of the Torres Strait Islands in Queensland, Australia
*Prince of Wales Island, Malaysia; now named Penang Island

## Ships
* HMS *Prince of Wales*, several ships of the Royal Navy; most recently and famously:
** HMS *Prince of Wales* (1939), a battleship launched in 1939 and sunk by Japanese bombers in December 1941
* *Prince of Wales* (ship), convict transport ship on First Fleet to Australia
* HM Packet Ship *Prince of Wales*, The Sinking of the Rochdale and the Prince of Wales in 1807 with the loss of 400

## Schools
* Prince of Wales Secondary School in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
* Prince of Wales Public School (Barrie, ON), a public school in Barrie, Ontario
* Prince of Wales Public School (Belleville, ON), a public school in Belleville, Ontario
* Prince of Wales Public School (Brockville, ON), a public school in Brockville, Ontario
* Prince of Wales Public School (Peterborough, ON), a public school in Peterborough, Ontario

## Other
* Prince of Wales tea blend, a regal tea blend typically served in the afternoon with scones
* National Hockey League's Prince of Wales Conference (now known as Eastern Conference)
*  Prince of Wales Trophy, of the National Hockey League
* Prince of Wales Theatre, in Coventry Street, London, host to a number of famous productions since the late 19th century
* A former West End theatre, the Scala Theatre, Charlotte Street, also known as the ''Prince of Wales's Theatre*
**Prince of Wales'' is a popular pub name in England

## Related pages
*Princess of Wales
Colleges and universities in Florida

]]
This is a list of private and public colleges and universities in the state of Florida:

## Public
### Community Colleges System 
# Broward College
# Central Florida College
# Chipola College
# Daytona Beach State College
# Eastern Florida State College
# Florida Gateway College
# Florida SouthWestern State College
# Florida State College at Jacksonville
# Florida Keys Community College
# Gulf Coast State College
# Hillsborough Community College
# Indian River State College
# Lake-Sumter State College
# Miami Dade College
# Manatee-Sarasota State College
# North Florida College
# NorthWest Florida State College
# Palm Beach State College
# Pasco-Hernando State College
# Pensacola State College
# Polk State College
# St. Johns River State College 
# St. Petersburg College
# Santa Fe College
# Seminole State College
# South Florida State College
# Tallahassee Community College
# Valencia College

### State University System 
# Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University
# Florida Atlantic University
# Florida Gulf Coast University
# Florida International University
# Florida State University 
# Florida Polytechnic University
# New College of Florida
# University of Central Florida
# University of Florida
# University of North Florida
# University of South Florida
# University of West Florida

## Private
*Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale
*Ave Maria University
*Baptist College of Florida
*Barry University
*Beacon College
*Bethune-Cookman University
*Carlos Albizu University
*Clearwater Christian College
*DeVry University
*Digital Animation and Visual Effects School
*Digital Media Arts College
*Eckerd College
*Edward Waters College
*Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
*Everest University
*Everglades University
*Flagler College
*Florida Career College
*Florida Christian College
*Florida College
*Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences
*Florida Institute of Technology
*Florida Memorial University
*Florida Southern College
*Florida Technical College
*Full Sail University
*Hobe Sound Bible College
*Hodges University
*International Fine Arts College
*Jacksonville University
*Johnson and Wales University
*Jones College
*Keiser Career College
*Keiser University
*Lynn University
*Miami Christian University
*Miami International University of Art and Design
*Northwood University
*Nova Southeastern University
*Orlando Culinary Academy
*Palm Beach Atlantic University
*Pensacola Christian College
*Rasmussen College
*Reformed Theological Seminary
*Ringling College of Art and Design
*Rollins College
*Saint John Vianney College Seminary
*Saint Leo University
*Schiller International University
*South Florida Bible College and Theological Seminary
*Southeastern University of the Assemblies of God
*Springfield College School of Human Services
*St. Thomas University
*Stetson University
*Trinity College
*University of Miami
*University of Tampa
*Warner Southern College
*Webber International University

## References
Shake It (Metro Station song)

**Shake It** is a 2008 song by Metro Station. It is from their album Metro Station. The song video was released in 2008.
Avogadro constant

The **Avogadro constant** (symbols: **L**, **NA**) is the number of particles (usually atoms or molecules) in one mole of a given substance. Its value is equal to . The constant was named after the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro.

The measurement of Avogadro's constant was refined in 2011 to  ± .

An old term closely related to the Avogadro constant is Avogadro's number. '''Avogadro's number''' is the number of atoms in 12 grams of the carbon isotope carbon-12. Avogadro's number is a dimensionless quantity and has the numerical value of the Avogadro constant given in base units.

## Related pages
* Mole (unit)

## References
Prince of Wales Trophy

The **Prince of Wales Trophy**, or simply the **Wales Trophy**, is a National Hockey League (NHL) trophy awarded to the Eastern Conference (formerly the Wales Conference) playoff champions. The trophy is awarded prior to the final series which are the championship games to decide the winner for the Stanley Cup against the Western Conference's champions. The trophy was first established in the 1923-24 NHL season, for the champion of the NHL playoffs, but it has been the trophy for eight different accomplishments, which also include being the NHL regular season champions, American Division regular season champions, regular season champions, East Division regular season champions, Wales Conference regular season champions, Wales Conference playoffs champions, and Eastern Conference playoffs champions. The current holder of the Prince of Wales Trophy is the Florida Panthers after defeating the New York Rangers in the 2023 Eastern Conference finals.

## History
The Prince of Wales Trophy was donated by His Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII and the Duke of Windsor), in 1924. It was first presented to the playoff champion of the NHL (replacing the O'Brien Trophy) who then went on to face the Western Hockey League (WHL) champion for the Stanley Cup.

After the WHL folded and the Stanley Cup was awarded only to the NHL playoff champion, the Prince of Wales Trophy was awarded to the regular season champion. From 1927 to 1928 onwards it was awarded to the champion of the NHL American Division while the O'Brien Trophy was awarded to the NHL Canadian Division. It was then repurposed to being the trophy for the overall regular season champion in the 1938-39 NHL season when the NHL reverted to a single division.

## Winners 
;Key
* ***** Defunct team
* ^ = Year clinched to lead years won
* ¤ = Year clinched to lead years consecutively won
* † = Eventual Stanley Cup champions
* a = Engraved in 1925–26.

### Original winner
* December 15, 1925 – Montreal Canadiens (Canadiens 3, New York Americans 1)

### 1923–1925 (pre-donation) engravings
The Canadiens were league champions for these seasons.

### NHL playoff champions (1925–1927)
### American Division regular season champions (1927–1938)
### Regular season champions (1938–1967)
### East Division regular season champions (1967–1974)
### Wales Conference regular season champions (1974–1981)
### Wales Conference playoffs champions (1981–1993)
### Eastern Conference playoffs champions (1993–2020)
 poses with the Prince of Wales Trophy]]

### Stanley Cup semifinals (2020–2021)
### Eastern Conference playoffs champions (2021–present)
;Notes

## Notes
*Refers to the original Ottawa Senators NHL franchise (1917–1934).*

## References
## Other websites
* NHL.com
* History @ Legends of Hockey.net
World Music Award

The **World Music Awards** was an international awards show that honored recording artists every year. The awards were given out based on artists' worldwide sales figures, which were provided by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). The World Music Awards was founded in 1989 and had their last show in 2014. John Martinotti was an executive producer and co-founder of the show with his company *Marcor International*.
Under My Skin

***Under My Skin*** is a 2004 album by Avril Lavigne. *Under My Skin* debuted at number-one on the Billboard 200 albums chart and according to *Billboard* magazine, was ranked number 149 on the list of top-selling album of the 2000s.

## Track listing 
# "Take Me Away" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) – 2:57
# "Together" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:14
# "Don't Tell Me" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) – 3:21
# "He Wasn't" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:00
# "How Does It Feel" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:44
# "My Happy Ending" (Lavigne, Walker) – 4:02
# "Nobody's Home" (Lavigne, Moody) – 3:32
# "Forgotten" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:17
# "Who Knows" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:30
# "Fall to Pieces" (Lavigne, Maida) – 3:28
# "Freak Out" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld, Brann) – 3:13
# "Slipped Away" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) – 3:34

## Bonus tracks 
# "I Always Get What I Want"  – 2:31 – Japanese and UK bonus track.  Also released as a B-side of the "Nobody's Home" single.
# "Take It" - 2:50 (B-side of "My Happy Ending")
# "Nobody's Home" (Live Acoustic Version)– *Under My Skin* Special Edition
# "Take Me Away" (Live)– *Under My Skin* Special Edition
# "He Wasn't" (Live) – *Under My Skin* Special Edition
# "Tomorrow" (Live)– *Under My Skin* Special Edition

## B-Sides and outtakes 
* "I Always Get What I Want" (Avril Lavigne, Clif Magness) – 2:31
* "Take It" (Avril Lavigne, Clif Magness) - 2:50
* "Daydream" (Avril Lavigne, Chantal Kreviazuk) - 3:02
* "Breakaway" (Avril Lavigne, Matthew Gerrard) Avril wrote this song for Under My Skin, but it was rejected. This song appears in the album *Breakaway* by Kelly Clarkson and it was released as the first single of the album.

## References
Montecito, California

**Montecito** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Barbara County, California.  As of the 2020 census, the CDP population was 8,638. Montecito is among the richest communities in the United States and is home to many celebrities.  It is east of, and directly adjacent to the city of Santa Barbara, occupying the eastern portion of the coastal plain south of the Santa Ynez Mountains.  Portions of the town are built on the lower foothills of the range. Notable roads spanning the length of Montecito include Mountain Drive, Sycamore Canyon Road, and East Valley Road.

## References
Goo Goo Dolls

The **Goo Goo Dolls** are a rock band formed in 1986 in Buffalo, New York by John Rzeznik and Robby Takac. "Iris" is one of their most popular songs.
Radio Disney

**Radio Disney** was an American radio network based in Dallas, Texas, in the United States broadcasting music and other content targeted at children and young teenagers. It is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company.  They closed in 2021.

## Stations
* KRDC, 1110 AM, Los Angeles

## Sources
Losing Grip

"**Losing Grip**" is a 2003 single by Avril Lavigne. It is the fourth single from her first studio album *Let Go*.

On the *Billboard* charts, *Losing Grip* peaked at #17 on the Mainstream Top 40, #33 on the Adult Top 40, and at #64 on the Hot 100 charts. At the 2004 Grammy Awards, *Losing Grip* was nominated for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.

## References
## Other websites
*
Smile (Beach Boys album)

***Smile*** is an unfinished album by the Beach Boys. Their leader Brian Wilson wanted the album to be the follow-up to the album *Pet Sounds*. It was never finished because Wilson thought the public would not like it.

Later in 1967, the Beach Boys released another album called *Smiley Smile*. The album had songs that were written for *Smile*. *Smiley Smile* was not the great success that Wilson thought *Smile* would have been. The Beach Boys lost many  because of the album's failure.

In 2004, Brian finished a version of *Smile*.

## References
Homo habilis

***Homo habilis ***(Latin: "handy man") is an extinct species of early human. Its scientific name is abbreviated as ***H. habilis**.*

Scientists estimate that *H. habilis* lived from around 2.4 million years ago to around 1.4 million years ago. However, a *H. habilis* jawbone discovered in 2015 may be up to 2.8 million years old.

*H. habilis* was one of the earliest species of the genus *Homo*.* This means it is an early ancestor of modern man. It was bipedal (it could walk on two feet), and it made and used stone tools. 

Not all scientists agree about what characteristics *H. habilis* had, and whether it is even a separate species at all. Because no remains have been found outside these areas, scientists theorize that *H. habilis* did not migrate out of Africa like *Homo erectus* did. 

Based on analysis of fossil teeth, *H. habilis* probably ate an omnivorous diet that included meat, fish, and fruit. Their diet probably also included some tough foods like leaves and woody plants.

## Characteristics 
### Body 
*H. habilis* had an "apelike" body structure, with long arms, a short body, and a flat face. It had a large thin skull.

### Brain 
*H. habilis* was the first human ancestor to have a significant increase in brain size compared to earlier hominids like *Australopithecus*. This was larger than *Australopithecus*, whose average brain size was around 440 cc. 

### Possible speech 
Some scientists believe *H. habilis* could use basic language. Others disagree. 

According to scientist Fred Spoor:From *Homo habilis’'' behaviour of making relatively complex stone tools and knowing what we know about communication in great apes, I’m sure they had a complex way of communicating with each other. This likely included a form of language - probably to say very basic things like, “What’s a good place to get raw material for stone tools?” or “I saw a hippo carcass over there”.

## References
## Related pages
* Human evolution
* Oldowan
9X Generation

**Thế hệ 9X** (The **9X Generation**) is the group of people born between the years 1990 and 1999. This is a Vietnamese term.

## Footnotes
Littlest Pet Shop (video game)

***Littlest Pet Shop*** is an video game that was made by Electronic Arts. It is part of the Littlest Pet Shop series. The video game was released on the PC, Wii, and Nintendo DS. The game was released on October 14, 2008 in North America.

## History
In August 2007, Electronic Arts gained the rights to some Hasbro brands, like *Monopoly*, *Littlest Pet Shop*, and Nerf.  In February, EA Casual Entertainment announced that their EA Salt Lake Studio would develop and release *Littlest Pet Shop* and *Nerf N-Strike*.

## Versions
The Nintendo DS was 3 separate titles.  Each version had different pets. It also featured DGamer, the online service from Disney.

## References
## Other websites 
*Littlest Pet Shop
Bambi's Children

'''''Bambi's Children, The Story of a Forest Family''''' () is a book written by Felix Salten, first printed and translated from German to English in 1939. It is a sequel to Salten's book *Bambi, A Life in the Woods*. It was first published in German only in the following year.

The main characters are Bambi's twin fawns, Geno, male, and Gurri, female; it also stars their friends, another pair of fawns named Lana and Boso. Lana and Boso are the children of Aunt Rolla, a doe met later in the course of the novel. Two more new characters are introduced—Nello and Membo, the orphans.  The overall storyline is how Geno and Gurri learn the pleasures as well as downsides of nature and their forest home. *Bambi, A Life in the Woods*, the original story of Bambi, is much darker than the sequel. Unlike its predecessor, ''Bambi's Children* ends when Geno begins to grow his antlers, whereas *Bambi, A Life in the Woods'' continues until Bambi's children are born.  In the end, Faline, knowing the time is right, sends off her children to live their own lives.

What may be interesting to readers is that it is not possible to determine whether ''Bambi's Children* is a sequel to the book *Bambi* or a midquel as there are no references to the former which makes one able to place the latter. The language of *Bambi's Children* is more gentle than that of *Bambi, A Life in the Woods''.

## References
Gig

A **gig** is a word that bands use when talking about their live shows. The *Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians* defines a gig as "A term commonly applied to a musical engagement of one night’s duration only; to undertake such an engagement."

## References