open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Norma (given name)

The name **Norma** is a female given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ **nawr**-m*uh* ]. It was referenced around the year 1203. This name means "Of the North", and for Latin, the word *norma* means "patterns". The name **Norma** has gone up and down in popularity during the last 100 years. In the United States, it has gone downward, although the name is still in usage. The name has been used for many celebrities and for many Eastern Pacific tropical cyclones. Norma is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People 
* Norma Aleandro (born 1936), is an Argentine actress
* Norma Alvares, is a Indian lawyer, social worker, and environmental activist
* Norma Amezcua (born 1953) is a Mexican former butterfly, freestyle, and medley swimmer
* Norma Andrade is a founding member of Mexican non-profit association, "Nuestras Hijas de Regreso a Casa A.C."
* Norma Andrews is a cell biologist and a professor

## References
Sanju Pradhan

**Sanju Pradhan** (born 15 August 1989) is an Indian professional athlete.  He is best known as a footballer.

## Club career statistics 
|2008–2009||rowspan="5"|East Bengal
*CFL Premier Division A runner-up: 2022

**India**
*SAFF Championship: 2015
*Nehru Cup: 2012

## References
Eega

***Eega*** () is a 2012 Telugu movie directed by S.S. Rajamouli. It stars Nani, Samantha and Kannada actor Sudeep. The movie was released on 6 July 2012. It received positive reviews and set records.

In Tamil it was released as *Naan Ee*, which means I, the Fly in English. It was released in Malayalam as Eecha, which also means The Fly in English. It was also released in Hindi as Makkhi, which means Fly in English. However, in the Hindi dub, Nani's name was changed to Jani while everybody else's names stayed the same.

## Plot
Nani has loved Bindu (Samantha) for two years. Sudeep kills Nani for Bindu so he and her can be together. Then Nani is reborn as a fly and kills Sudeep with the help of Bindu.

## History
The movie was planned by director S.S. Rajamouli 14 years back when his father gave the idea. Due to some technical reasons, the movie didn't start its shooting until 29 July 2010. That was after the director released his 8th movie *Maryada Rammana*.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Greater roadrunner

The **greater roadrunner** (*Geococcyx californianus*) is one of two species of the roadrunner. The lesser roadrunner is the other species. The greater roadrunner is also called the "ground cuckoo" and the "snake killer".

## Description
The greater roadrunner is about 52–62 cm (20–24 in) long, the wingspan is about 43-61 cm (17-24 in) long, and weighs about 221-538 grams. It is about 25-30 cm tall, and is the largest North American cuckoo. It has a long, thick bill, a long dark tail, it has a dark head, and the front of its neck and belly is blue. It has zygodactyl feet, meaning that on each foot there is two toes on the front and two on the back.

## Where it lives
It lives in the deserts of states in southwestern United States of America, like  California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, and rarely in Kansas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Missouri. In is also found in the states of northern Mexico, like Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Querétaro, México, Puebla, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí.

## Behavior
The greater roadrunner makes its nests of sticks in a cactus or on a bush, and lays 3-6 eggs which take about 20 days to hatch. It eats mainly fruit, seeds and insects, but also eats some reptiles like snakes and lizards, small mammals, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, small birds and bird eggs. The greater roadrunner kills its prey by hitting the prey's neck with its beak or by holding its prey in its beak and hitting the prey on a rock.

## Beliefs
Some indian tribes, like the Hopi, believed that the roadrunner protected people from evil spirits. In Mexico some people say that the roadrunner brings babies, while some people in Europe say that the white stork does this.

## References
Gareth Gates

**Gareth Paul Gates** (born 12 July 1984) is a British pop singer-songwriter In 2002 was runner-up in the first series of *Pop Idol*. He released nine singles between 2002 and 2007, four of which were UK number ones. His first album *What My Heart Wants to Say* was released in 2002; it was number two in the UK charts. He released another album, *Go Your Own Way*, in 2003 and another, *Pictures of the Other Side* in 2007. 

Gates is known for having a stutter. 

In 2008, Gates was a contestant in the third series of *Dancing on Ice*. 

In 2009 Gates started work as a musical feature actor, playing the title role in the West End production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat at the Adelphi Theatre.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*Official website
List of cities in Azerbaijan

There are 69 urban settlements in Azerbaijan with the official status of a city (). They are:

* Agdam
* Agdash
* Agjabadi
* Agstafa
* Agsu
* Astara
* Babek
* Baku (capital)
* Balakən
* Barda
* Beylagan
* Bilasuvar
* Dashkasan
* Davachi
* Füzuli
* Gədəbəy
* Ganja
* Goranboy
* Goychay
* Goygol, formerly Khanlar (Xanlar)
* Hajigabul
* Imishli
* Ismailli
* Jabrayil 
* Julfa
* Kalbajar
* Khachmaz
* Khojavend
* Khyrdalan
* Kurdamir 
* Lankaran

* Lerik
* Masally
* Mingacevir
* Nakhichevan
* Naftalan
* Neftchala
* Oguz
* Ordubad
* Qabala
* Qakh
* Qazakh
* Quba
* Qubadli 
* Qusar
* Saatly
* Sabirabad
* Shakhbuz
* Shaki
* Shamakhy
* Shamkir
* Sharur
* Shirvan
* Siazan
* Sumqayit
* Tərtər
* Tovuz
* Ujar
* Yardimly
* Yevlakh
* Zaqatala
* Zardab

## Most populous Azerbaijani cities 
List of ten cities, including the capital Baku (2,122,300), with the largest populations, according to the 2012 census.

## References
Sabine Lisicki

**Sabine Lisicki** (; born 22 September 1989 in Troisdorf) is a German professional tennis player. Lisicki won her first WTA title match in more than three seasons in Hong Kong in September 2014. She reached her high rank of world no. 12 on 21 May 2012 in singles.

## References
List of settlements in Bangladesh

, Capital of Bangladesh]]
]]

]]
This is a list of major cities and towns of Bangladesh.

## Municipal areas
### Barisal Division
Towns in Barisal Division:
* Barguna
* Barisal
* Bhola
* Jhalokati
* Patuakhali
* Pirojpur

### Chittagong Division
Towns in Chittagong Division, except for the city of Chittagong:
* Bandarban
* Brahmanbaria
* Chandpur
* Chittagong
* Comilla
* Cox's Bazar
* Feni
* Khagrachhari
* Lakshmipur
* Noakhali
* Rangamati

### Dhaka Division
Towns in Dhaka Division:
* Achra, Bangladesh
* Dhaka
* Faridpur
* Jamalpur
* Kishoreganj
* Manikganj
* Maradipur
* Munshiganj
* Mymensingh
* Narayanganj
* Narsingdi
* Netrokona
* Noakhali
* Rajbari
* Shariatpur
* Sherpur
* Tangail
* Tongi

### Khulna Division
Towns in Khulna Division, except for the city of Khulna:
* Bagherhat
* Chuadanga
* Jessore
* Jhenaidah
* Kushtia
* Magura
* Meherpur
* Narail
* Shatkhira

### Rajshahi Division
Towns in Rajshahi Division: 
* Bogra
* Joypurhat
* Naogaon
* Natore
* Nawabganj
* Pabna
* Rajshahi
* Sirajganj

### Rangpur Division
Towns in Rangpur Division:
* Saidpur
* Dinajpur
* Gaibandha
* Kurigram
* Lalmonirhat
* Nilphamari
* Panchagarh
* Rangpur
* Thakurgaon

### Sylhet Division
Towns in Sylhet Division:
* Habiganj
* Maulvibazar
* Sunamganj
* Sylhet

## Metropolitical areas
List of settlements in Barbados

]]
]]

This is a **list of cities, towns and villages in Barbados**.

## Christ Church 
## Saint Andrew 
## Saint George 
## Saint James 
## Saint John 
## Saint Joseph 
## Saint Lucy 
## Saint Michael 
## Saint Peter 
## Saint Philip 
## Saint Thomas
Vietnamese Civil War

**Vietnamese civil war** 

may refer to:

* Anarchy of the 12 Warlords (965–968)
* Civil War of Dai Viet during the Tran Dynasty (1285; 1287–1288) between the Trần Ích Tắc's court and Trần dynasty
* Lê–Mạc War (1533–1677)
* Trịnh–Nguyễn War (1627–1672; 1774–1775)
* Tây Sơn Wars:
** Tây Sơn–Nguyễn War (1773–1785; 1792–1802)
** Tây Sơn–Trịnh War (1785–1788)
** Tay Son–Le War (1788–1789) between the Le Chieu Thong's court (Lê dynasty) and Tây Sơn dynasty
* Civil conflicts in Vietnam (1945–1949)
* First Indochina War (later stage, 1950–1954) between the Vietnamese National Army and the People's Army of Vietnam
* Vietnam War (1955–1975) between the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces and People's Army of Vietnam/Viet Cong

*
List of settlements in Botswana

]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
]]

The following is a **list of cities and towns in Botswana** with population of over 3,000 citizens. State capitals are shown in boldface.

## References
Orchid (color)

*]]

**Orchid** is a bright rich purple color that resembles the color of some orchids.  

Various tones of *orchid* may range from grayish purple to purplish-pink to strong reddish purple.

The first written use of *orchid* as a color name in English was in 1915.

In 1987, orchid was included as one of the X11 colors.  After the invention of the world wide web in 1991, these became known as the X11 web colors.

## Where the name comes from 
The name comes from the flowers of some species of the vast orchid family (Orchidaceae), such as *Laelia furfuracea* and *Ascocentrum pusillum*, which have petals of this color.

The word *Orchid* derives from the Greek word *orchis* which means testicle, after the appearance of the roots of plants of the genus *Orchis''.
## Meaning of orchid
* The orchid ribbon represents testicular cancer awareness.  

## Tones of orchid color comparison chart
## Related pages
*List of colors

## References
University College Cork

**University College Cork – National University of Ireland, Cork** (**UCC**) is one of the most famous universities in Ireland, alongside Trinity College Dublin. UCC offers many different courses and degrees such as medicine, law and languages. The University is very close to the centre of Cork City.

## References
Trevor Morgan (footballer)

**Trevor James Morgan** (born 30 September 1956) is a British professional athlete and coach.  He is best known as an association football player.

Morgan played over 400 games in his career.

## References
## Other websites
* Soccerbase.com, Trevor Morgan
* Newcastlefans.com, Trevor Morgan
Timber rattlesnake

The **timber rattlesnake** (*Crotalus horridus*) is a species of venomous Pit vipers. It lives in eastern United States of America. There are no subspecies currently recognized. It is the 2nd largest venomous snake found in the eastern United States.

## Description
Adults usually grow up to the length of 91–152&nbsp;cm (35.8-59.8&nbsp;in). The longest to be reported was 189.2&nbsp;cm (74.5&nbsp;in) long. The large timber rattlesnakes weigh about 4.5&nbsp;kg (9.9 Ib), but most weigh about 580-900 g (20-32&nbsp;oz). Their scales are usually yellowish-brown or gray with dark brown or black stripes.

## Where they live
They are found in woodlands and forests of eastern United States of America, from southern Minnesota and southern New Hampshire, south to east Texas and north Florida. During the summer pregnant females prefer open, rocky ledges, where the temperature is higher, while males and non-pregnant females spend more time in cooler woodlands with a closed forest canopy. Females usually bask in the sun before having babies in open rocky areas, known as "basking knolls". In the winter Timber Rattlesnakes hibernate in dens and caves.

## Feeding
They mainly eat small mammals but they also eat birds, frogs, and other snakes like rattlesnakes. The most common snake they eat is the garter snake.

## Venom 
The timber rattlesnake is one of North America's most dangerous snakes. Before biting, they usually warn people by shaking their rattle at the end of their tail.

Its venom contains a neurotoxin known as canebrake toxin, and is a phospholipase A2. It also contains a small basic peptide that works as a myotoxin, a fibrinogen-clotting enzyme that can produce defibrination syndrome, and a bradykinin-releasing enzyme.

The timber rattlesnake is endangered in New Jersey, Vermont, Massachusetts, Virginia, New Hampshire, Indiana, and Ohio. It is threatened in New York, Connecticut, Illinois, Minnesota, and Texas.

Timber rattlesnakes are extinct in Maine and Rhode Island. Only one population remains in New Hampshire. They are protected in many of the Appalachian states but their populations are still declining.

## Sources
Rin Nakai

is a Japanese professional athlete.  She is best known as a female mixed martial artist.

Rin is currently the #10-ranked Women’s Bantamweight (129-139.9 lbs) fighter in the world as of **5/25/2014 **by http://www.fightmatrix.com. 
## Career
Nakai has participated in MMA promotions Pancrase, Smackgirl and Valkyrie.  She is 1.55&nbsp;m (5&nbsp;ft 1&nbsp;in) and 56.7&nbsp;kg (125&nbsp;lb).

Nakai started fighting on October 1, 2006.  She defeated Asuka Ito by TKO (technical knockout), after breaking Ito's nose at *Pancrase 2006 Blow Tour*.

On September 29 2016 Nakai competed at Rizin 3 - Rizin Fighting World Grand Prix 2016: 2nd Round. She defeated decorated wrestler Kanako Murata via 3rd round submission (Rear Naked Choke) to improve her record to 19-2.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile  at Fightergirls.com
*Profile at Pancrase 
* 
*Official blog 
*Official blog (old) 
*Professional MMA record for Rin Nakai at Sherdog
Dean Cain

**Dean Cain** (born **Dean George Tanaka**; July 31, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Clark Kent/Superman in the popular American television series *Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman*.

## Personal life
Dean has a son named Christopher Dean Cain (b. June 11, 2000).  The mother is former *Playboy* Playmate Samantha Torres. His son is named after Cain's father, movie director Christopher Cain. He was previously engaged to country singer Mindy McCready in the late 1990s.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Crotalus ruber

***Crotalus ruber*** (commonly known as the **red diamond rattleback**) is a species of venomous Pit vipers. There are currently three subspecies found.

## Description
The Red Diamond Rattlesnake is a large species of Rattlesnake. It usually grows up to the length of 100 centimeters (39&nbsp;in), but some males can grow up to the length of 140 centimeters (55&nbsp;in). The largest ever found was 162 centimeters (64&nbsp;in) long. Its pattern is similar to the "Western Diamondback Rattlesnake", but the Red Diamond Rattlesnake has more of a reddish color on it. 

## Common Names
This snake has many names like the "Red Rattlesnake", the "Red Rattler", the "Red Diamond-backed Rattlesnake", and the "Western Diamond Rattlesnake".

## Where it lives
The Red Diamond Rattlesnake lives mainly in deserts and on mountains in Southwestern California, U.S.A, northeastern Baja California, Mexico, and islands in the Gulf of California like Angel de la Guarda, San Macros and Monserrate.

## Diet
It eats mainly rabbits, ground squirrels, and birds, but sometimes they eat lizards and other snakes.

## Reproduction
Red Diamond Rattlesnakes mate in February and April. Females have their babies in August; they have around 3 to 20 babies at a time. The babies are born 30 to 34&nbsp;cm long.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* *Crotalus exsul* (=*Crotalus ruber*) Red Diamond Rattlesnake at San Diego Museum of Natural History. Accessed 7 February 2007.
2012–13 Premier League

The **2012-13 Premier League** will be the 21st season of the English Premier League, England's top football league. The season will start on August 18, 2012 and end on May 19, 2013. The defending champions are Manchester City.

## Teams
## Related pages
* English Premier League

## References
Hinder

**Hinder** is an Oklahoma based rock group. Their hit singles are *Lips of an Angel*, *How Long* and Get Stoned. The group have numerous other hit songs besides these.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Extreme Behavior* (2005)
* *Take It to the Limit* (2008)
* *All American Nightmare* (2010)
* *Welcome to the Freakshow* (2012)
* *When the Smoke Clears* (2015)
* *The Reign* (2017)

## References
Diogenes Laërtius

**Diogenes Laërtius** was a historian. He wrote a *history of Greek philosophy*, in ten volumes. Very little is known about him as a person. Probably he lived in the 3rd century BC. The last philiosopher found in this work is a student of Sextus Empiricus. Sextus Empiricus lived in the 2nd century. Diogenes Laertius does not list many Roman philiosphers. He also does not talk about Middle Platonism, which must have been popular during that time.
List of settlements in Belarus

The following is the list of cities and towns in Belarus.

, City Hall]]
, City Hall]]
, City Hall]]
, Rumyantsev-Paskevich Residence]]

, Cathedral of St. Francis Xavier]]

## References
Chung Doo-un

**Chung Doo-un** (, 6 March 1957 &ndash; 16 July 2019) was a South Korean bureaucrat and politician. He was the vice-mayor of Seoul from 2000 to 2003. He was a member of the National Assembly of South Korea from 2004 to 2016. He was a close friend to Lee Myung-bak. He was born in Seoul.

Chung killed himself at a Seoul park on 16 July 2019 at the age of 62.

## References
## Other websites 
* Chung Doo-un, Naver Blog 
* Chung Doo-un, tistory Blog  
* 음주가무 좋아하는 날라리? "이게 다 흥행의 기술이죠"  한국일보 2007/04/03
* 예능본능' 정두언 의원 "11세 때 당구 200, 한땐 '야한개그' 달인" 스포츠서울 09/09/17
Gendarmenmarkt

The **Gendarmenmarkt** is a square in Berlin, and the site of the Konzerthaus and the French Cathedral and German Cathedrals. The centre of the Gendarmenmarkt is crowned by a statue of Germany's poet Friedrich Schiller. The square was created by Johann Arnold Nering at the end of the seventeenth century as the Linden-Markt and reconstructed by Georg Christian Unger in 1773. The Gendarmenmarkt is named after the Prussian regiment Gens d'Armes.

During World War II, most of the buildings were badly damaged or destroyed. Today all the buildings are restored to their former state.  

The Gendarmenmarkt hosts one of Berlin's most popular Christmas markets.

Image:Berlin - Gendarmenmarkt - around 1900.jpg|Gendarmenmarkt around 1900
Image:Gendarmenmarkt_Berlin_2009.JPG|Gendarmenmarkt at dusk
Image:German Cathedral and Concert Hall.JPG|German Cathedral and Concert Hall

## Other websites
*Website of das Konzerthaus
*Der Gendarmenmarkt on Berlin Tourism 
*Gendarmenmarkt Panorama
The Basketball Diaries

***The Basketball Diaries*** is a 1995 American independent biographical crime drama movie directed by Scott Kalvert. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Mark Wahlberg and Lorraine Bracco and is set in New York City. This drama is based around an autobiographical novel by the same name, written by Jim Carroll. *The Basketball Diaries* is about addiction to drugs.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
David Mitchell

**David James Stuart Mitchell** (born 14 July 1974) is a English actor, comedian, television personality and writer. He stars in *Would I Lie to You?*, *Peep Show* and *That Mitchell and Webb Look*. He often works with Robert Webb. He also writes articles for *The Observer* and *The Guardian*.

Mitchell was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. His mother is Welsh and his father is of Scottish ancestry. The family moved to Oxford during his late childhood. He studied history at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He married poker player and television presenter Victoria Coren on 17 November 2012 in Belsize Park, North London. The couple's daughter was born in May 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*
Danish people

**Danish people** or **Danes** are the nation and ethnic group that is born in Denmark, and who speak Danish. There is also a Danish minority in Southern Schleswig.

The first mention of Danes within the Danish territory is on the Jelling Rune Stone which mentions how Harald Bluetooth converted the Danes to Christianity in the 10th century. Denmark has been continuously inhabited since this period and although much cultural and ethnic influence and immigration from all over the world has entered Denmark since then, Danes tend to see themselves as ethnic descendents of the early Danes mentioned in the sources.

## Demography
According to the Danish statistics institute, approximately five million people of Danish origin live in Denmark today. In this context "Danish origin" is defined as being born to parents who are Danish citizens, and the number is arrived at by subtracting from the total population (5,564,249) those who are born abroad to non-citizens who are themselves born abroad (called immigrants), and those who are born in Denmark to parents who are either immigrants or who have foreign citizenship.

Danish citizenship is granted to anyone who has one parent of Danish citizenship, whether the child is born in or outside of Denmark. Citizens of Greenland and the Faroe islands are considered Danish citizens for all purposes. Those who do not achieve Danish citizenship by birth (or by Adoption) can only receive Danish citizenship through decree of law. Danish citizenship is automatically lost if one applies for foreign citizenship or when a 22 year old child of Danish citizens has never lived in Denmark and has not formally applied for Danish citizenship.

## Related pages
* Danelaw
* Viking Age

## References
Nucleon

are red and the neutrons are blue]] 
In physics and chemistry, a **nucleon** refers to any subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. For instance, protons and neutrons are nucleons, since they are in the nucleus of the atom. Nucleons are made of quarks. 

## Nucleons and their properties 
### Types of nucleons 
The main types of nucleons are protons and neutrons. A proton has a positive electric charge, and a neutron has a neutral electric charge (meaning that it has no charge). The two in the nucleus of the atom make a positive charge, since the neutron has no charge at all. 

Electrons are not nucleons, because they are not in the nucleus of the atom. 

The other types of nucleons are *antinucleons*. These are the antiparticles of the nucleons.

### The strong force and nucleons 
The fundamental force responsible for holding the nucleons together in the nucleus is called the strong force.
Sports in India

**Sports in India** are a part of Indian culture.

India has many traditional sports such as kabbadi, kho kho, pehlwani, and gilli-danda. Also, there are sports which were imported from the West such as football, rugby union, cricket, golf, tennis, squash, hockey, Javelin throw, boxing, snooker, and billiards.  Sports are popular with both  and .

## History
The history of traditional sports is ancient.

In general, the most popular sports in modern India are the ones which do not include bodily contact.  For example, cricket is the most important sport on television.

In the regions of Bengal and Kerala, Association football is very popular. The Indian national team has won gold medals in Summer Olympic Games, including
* 1980Field Hockey
* 2008Air rifle, 10-meter competition.

### Commonwealth Games
India has competed in many Commonwealth Games; and India was the host country to the 2010 Commonwealth Games.

## Related pages 
* I-League
*India at the Olympics
*India national football team

## References
## Other websites
* Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
* Indian sports venues at WorldStadiums.com
List of cities in Benin

, Largest City in Benin]]
The following is a **list of cities in Benin**:

## 10 largest cities
#Cotonou - 818,100
#Porto Novo - 234,300
#Parakou - 227,900
#Djougou - 206,500
#Bohicon - 164,700
#Kandi - 149,900
#Abomey - 126,800
#Natitingou - 119,900
#Lokossa - 111,000
#Ouidah - 97,000
Tripoli, Lebanon

**Tripoli** (Formal  / ALA-LC: *Ṭarābulus*; Lebanese Arabic: *Ṭrāblus*;  / *Tripolis*) is the largest city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in Lebanon.  It is the capital of the North Governorate and the Tripoli District. It has the second largest port in Lebanon.

About 80 percent of the people who live in the city are Sunni Muslims, as well as Alawite Muslims (approximately 15%), and a small percentage of Orthodox and Maronite Christians (approximately 5%).

## Notes
## References 
## Other websites
Homs

**Homs** ( ''*) is the third largest city in Syria. It used to be called *Emesa* (Greek: Ἔμεσα, *Emesa'').  It is the capital of both the Homs District, and the Homs Governorate. It has 652,609 people (2004).  It is on the Orontes River.

Homs is home to the Al-Baath University.  The university is one of four major universities in Syria.

Homs has two football clubs. The Al-Karamah Sports Club was founded in 1928 and is one the oldest sports club in Syria. The Al-Karamah Sports Club has won eight Syrian League titles, and eight Syrian Cup titles. The second sports club of the city is Al-Wathba Sports Club.  They started in 1937. The Khaled Ibn Al Walid Stadium has a 35,000-seat capacity.  The stadium is home to both football clubs.

## References
Tartus

**Tartus** ( / ALA-LC: *Ṭarṭūs*; also known as **Tartous**) is a city on the Mediterranean coast of Syria. It is the second largest port city in Syria (after Latakia), with 115,769 inhabitants (2004 census).  It is on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

## References
Deir ez-Zor

**Deir ez-Zor** , also spelled **Dayr al-Zawr**, **Der Ezzor**, **Deir Azzor**, and other variants (), is the 7th largest city in Syria and the largest in the eastern part of Syria. It is the capital of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. There were 211,857 people in 2004.  It is on the shores of the Euphrates.

The city is famous for the Deir ez-Zor suspension bridge across the Euphrates.

## References
Latakia

**Latakia** ( *al-Lādhiqīyah*), is the main port city of Syria. It is the 4th largest city in Syria after Aleppo, Damascus and Homs with 383,786 inhabitants.  It is the capital of the Latakia Governorate. Tishreen University is in the city.

Latakia is the home city of two football clubs: Teshrin Sports Club was founded in 1947, and Hutteen Sports Club was founded in 1945. Both teams play in the al-Assad Stadium. There is also Latakia Sports City complex.  It was built in 1987 to host the 1987 Mediterranean Games.

## References
Mohun Bagan AC

**Mohun Bagan A. C.** are an Indian professional football club in Kolkata in the state of West Bengal.

Mohan Bagan is one of the teams which compete in the I-League.

## History
Mohun Bagan was  in 1889.

### Notable past players
* Baichung Bhutia, 2002/03, 2006/09

## Related pages 
* Sports in India
* List of Indian football teams

## References
## Other websites
*Mohun Bagan Athletic Club website
Sirte

**Sirte** (also spelled *Sirt*, *Surt*, *Sert* or  *Syrte*, pronounced  ; ; from ) is a city in Libya.  It is on the south coast of the Gulf of Sidra.

The city was the final major stronghold of Gaddafi loyalists in the Libyan civil war.

Muammar al-Gaddafi, former leader of Libya, was born there. Gaddafi was killed there by rebel forces on 20 October 2011.

## References
Ne-Yo

**Shaffer Chimere Smith** (born on October 18, 1979 in Camden, Arkansas), better known as **Ne-Yo**, is a Grammy Award-winning American singer, songwriter and dancer who sings R&B. He originally started performing under the name "GoGo" and joined the R&B group "The Envy".

In 2004 he wrote "Let Me Love You" for Mario. It was number one in the *Billboard* Hot 100 for nine weeks. After this, Def Jam Recordings signed him. His debut album, *In My Own Words*, was released during 2006. Other albums then followed. In 2009, *Billboard* ranked him as the 57th Artist of the 2000s decade.

He is known for songs like "So Sick", "When You're Mad", "Closer", "Miss Independent", "Let's Go" and "Give Me Everything".  The first and last song both reached number one on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Albums 
* *In My Own Words* (2006)
* *Because of You* (2007)
* *Year of the Gentleman* (2008)
* *Libra Scale* (2010)
* *R.E.D.* (2012)
* *Non-Fiction* (2013)

## Grammy Awards 
## References
DDT (band)

**DDT** (or **ДДТ** in Cyrillic) is a popular Russian rock band founded in 1980. The leader is Yuri Shevchuk. It is one of the most successful and famous Russian musical groups.

## History
The band was formed in 1980.

Although they never considered themselves political activists, Shevchuk always addresses the problems of his country. DDT always worked as a "non-conformist" group, producing albums and giving concerts throughout the world.

In 1988 DDT made their first visit to the U.S., their concert in Los Angeles was covered by MTV.

In 1992 DDT released the album *Spring the Actress*. This album contained famous hits, especially "Shto takoe osen'" (What is Autumn), "Dozd'" (Rain) and "Rodina" (Motherland).

In May 1998, the band presented the new album *World number zero* which contained influences from industrial music and a wide use of computer technologies.

In 2011, DDT released the album *Otherwise*.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site
Mark Teixeira

**Mark Charles Teixeira** (born  April 11, 1980) plays American Major League Baseball. He has played first and third bases and the outfield. He was born in Annapolis, Maryland.  He played college ball for Georgia Tech. In 2001 he won the Dick Howser Trophy as the national collegiate baseball player of the year. He has played professsional ball with the Texas Rangers, the Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and the New York Yankees. Teixeira is of Portuguese-American descent. He, his wife, and their three children live in Greenwich, Connecticut. He likes hunting, fishing, golfing, and reading. He is a Christian and likes Broadway musicals.

## References
List of World Heritage Sites in India

## History
UNESCO was created for the "conservation and protection of the world’s inheritance of books, works of art and monuments of history and science". The constitution of UNESCO was ratified in 1946 by 26 countries.

India agreed to take part in the World Heritage Convention in 1977.

## List
The World Heritage Site (WHS) list has  over time.  It is part of a process; and the list continues to grow.

As of 2020, there are 38 WHS places in India.
* 30 cultural sites
* Golconda Fort, Hyderbad, Telangana
* Dholavira: a Harappan City, Gujarat, Disstt, Kachchh
* Mattanchery Palace, Ernakulam, Kerala
* Tomb of Sher Shah Suri, Sasaram, Bihar
* Group of Monuments at Mandu, Madhya Pradesh
* Ancient Buddhist Site, Sarnath, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
* Hemis Gompa
* Sri Harimandir Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab 
* River Island of Majuli in midstream of Brahmaputra River in Assam
* Namdapha National Park
* Wild Ass Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch
* Kangchendzonga National Park
* Urban and Architectural Work of Le Corbusier in Chandigarh
* The Matheran Light Railway (extension to the Mountain Railways of India)
* The Kangra Valley Railway - Extension to the Mountain Railways of India
* Churchgate - Extension to Mumbai CST
* The Maharaja Railways of India
* Oak Grove School
* Excavated Remains at Nalanda
* Great Himalayan National Park
* Bhitarkanika Conservation Area
* Neora Valley National Park
* Desert National Park
* Silk Road Sites in India
* Santiniketan
* The Qutb Shahi Monuments of Hyderabad Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Charminar 
* Mughal Gardens in Kashmir
* Hill Forts of Rajasthan
* Historic city of Ahmadabad
* The Victorian & Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai
* Delhi - A Heritage City
* Amaravathi-Andhra Pradesh

## Related pages
*World Heritage Committee
*UNESCO World Heritage Site
*Table of World Heritage Sites by country
*List of World Heritage Sites in Asia

## References
## Other websites
* Indian National Commission for Cooperation with UNESCO 
* List of biosphere reserves which are wholly or partially world heritage sites
Benghazi

**Benghazi** is a city and district in Libya. It is the second largest city in the country with 670,797 people (2006). It is also the capital of the Cyrenaica region.  It was the former provisional capital of the National Transitional Council.  It is on the Mediterranean Sea.

The oldest university in Libya is the University of Libya in the city. Libyan International Medical University is the first accredited private medical university.

Two of Libya's most-successful football clubs are in the city. They are Al-Ahly Benghazi and Al-Nasr.  The two teams have won the Libyan Premier League five times.

## References
## Other websites
Bharata Natyam

**Bharatanatyam**, is an Indian  dance.

Both male and female dancers perform this dance. The classical Indian story-dance can be used to express a complex range of emotions which respond to the actions of the male heroes.

This classical Indian dance  interest and study in India and other parts of the world, including China Europe and North America.

## History
*Bharatanatyam* comes from the state of Tamil Nadu. 

The dance’s origins are recorded in Tamil literary texts of the sixth century BC. It was  in the late 18th century and again in the early 20th century.

## Etymology & History 
(The etymology in #1 below for "Bharata" is spurious.  It only makes sense with the English spelling/pronunciation of "Bha", "Ra", and "Ta", which would be "Bhā-rā-tā.  The actual pronunciation is Bhə-rə-tə which does not make for a good story).

The name was invented in the twentieth century by the great dancer Rukmini Devi and others.  It is supposed to indicate that this style was the original style described in a book on Natya by the sage Bharata, i.e. "Bharata's Dance".  The text describes poses but in the absence of illustration, the exact poses had to be re-imagined -- the quality of this re-imagination is a tribute to the intellectual and aesthetic abilities of Rukmini Devi and her teachers, but there is no other link between Bharatanatyam now and the dances described in ancient Tamil texts.

The re-imagined dance form was largely based on *Sadir-attam,* the dances performed by temple *devavdasis,* whose status had fallen over many centuries and under British non-comprehension of its cultural roots.  Sadir-attam itself was the name given to the dance during its eighteenth century revival under the sponsorship of Raja Serfoji of Tanjore.

The knowledge of the ancient dance was maintained by the caste of devadasis, but as an oral and terpsichorean tradition, without writing.  As such, documentation of the historic relationship between those dances and contemporary Bharatanatyam is scant.
## Related pages
*Indira Rajan
*Kathak

## References
## Other websites
* Indo-American Arts Council 
* Johns Hopkins, Bharatanatyam and Mohiniyattam – Classical Dances of South India
Sage Stallone

**Sage Stallone** (May 5, 1976 -  July 13, 2012) was an American movie actor. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He began acting in 1990 and was also a movie producer. He died in Studio City, Los Angeles of a heart attack caused by atherosclerosis. He was the elder son of Sylvester Stallone.

## Other websites 
*
Crotalus oreganus

***Crotalus oreganus*** (commonly known as the **western rattlesnake**) is a species of venomous Pit viper. There are currently six subspecies recognized, not including the nominate subspecies.

## Description
The Western Rattlesnake is a large species of the Crotalus.They can reach to the size of 100 centimeters (39&nbsp;in) in length, but the longest ever found was the size of 162.6 centimeters (64&nbsp;in). They are usually dark brown, dark gray, or olive brown in color, covered with dark blotches and uneven white edges.

## Feeding
The Western Rattlesnake eats mainly rodents like the mouse, the rat, and the squirrel, but it also eats rabbits and small birds.

## Common Names
Some of the Western Rattlesnakes names included the "Northern Pacific Rattlesnake", the "Black Diamond Rattlesnake", the "Arizona Diamond Rattlesnake", the "California Rattlesnake", the "Hallowell's Rattlesnake",and the "Oregon Rattlesnake".

## Where they live
The Western Rattlesnake is found in North America, from southwestern Canada, western U.S.A, and northern Mexico. In Canada it is found in southern British Columbia. In the U.S.A it is found in Washington, Oregon, western and southern Idaho, California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. In northern Mexico it is found in western Baja California.

## Subspecies
* Grand Canyon Rattlesnake, *C. o. abyssus*
* Coronado Island Rattlesnake, *C. o. caliginis*
* Arizona Black Rattlesnake, *C. o. cerberus*
* Midget Faded Rattlesnake, *C. o. concolor*
* Southern Pacific Rattlesnake, *C. o. helleri*
* Great Basin Rattlesnake, *C. o. lutosus*

## References
## Other websites
*
Mount Whymper (Frederick)

**Mount Whymper** is a mountain on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.  It is the highest point in Canada south of the 49th parallel.  It is between the headwaters of the Chemainus River and the South Nanaimo River.  This is  north of Honeymoon Bay.

## History
The mountain was named in 1864 for Frederick Whymper. He went with Robert Brown on the Vancouver Island Exploring Expedition

There is another Mount Whymper in British Columbia.  It is named for Frederick's brother Edward Whymper.

## References
Park Yeong-hyo

**Park Yung-hyo** or **Bak Young-hyo** (; 1861 &ndash; 21 September 1939) was a politician and independence activist during the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was one of the organizers of the Gapsin coup in 1884. His nickname was Chungo (;), Hyunhyungeosa (;). His real name was Muryang (;). His Japanese name was Yamajaki Eiharu ().

Yeong-hyo was the designer of the national flag of Korea (*Taegukki*; ;) in 1882. Park was married to Princess Yeonghye. She was the illegitimate daughter of king Chuljong of Joseon, the 25th king of the Joseon dynasty.

## Related pages
* Kim Ok-gyun
* Yun Chi-ho
 
## References
## Other websites
* Park Yeong-hyo  
* Park Yeong-hyo 
* Park Yeong-hyo:Korean historical person information  
* Park Young-hyo:navercast
Misrata

**Misrata**  ( '***, Libyan Arabic: ), also known as **Misurata** or **Misratah*', is a city in northwestern Libya.  It is in the Misrata District.

With a population of 281,000, Misrata is the third largest city in Libya, after Tripoli and Benghazi. 

Misrata University is in the city.

## Football clubs 
* Asswehly S.C. (founded 1944)
* Alhiyad Sports Club (founded 1965)

## People from Misrata 
* Daniel Bogdanović
* Ramadan al-Swehli

## References 
## Other websites
Yuri Shevchuk

**Yuri Shevchuk** (), born 16 May 1957, is a Soviet and Russian singer/songwriter. He is the leader of rock band DDT, which he founded in 1980. 

Shevchuk was born in Magadan region and raised in Ufa. Now he lives in St. Petersburg, Russia. 

He is known as one of the greatest song-writers in modern Russia. 

Shevchuk is very critical of the Vladimir Putin's government.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of DDT
Keith Thomas

**Keith Thomas** (born in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American record producer and songwriter. He has won several Grammy Awards for songs he wrote. He currently lives in Nashville, Tennessee.

## Credits 
## Other websites 
* KEITH THOMAS
* LEVOSIA ENTERTAINMENT
Stanley Peak (Ball Range)

**Stanley Peak** is a 3,155 m high mountain (10,335 ft) located in the Ball Range, at the northeastern section of Kootenay National Park, in Canadian Rocky Mountains (British Columbia / Canada).  

The mountain was named in 1901 by its first climber, the English explorer Edward Whymper, after Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, the sixth Governor-General of Canada.

The peak is visible from the Trans-Canada Highway and Highway 93. Stanley Glacier on the northeast face of the peak can be seen up close by following a hiking trail into a hanging valley between the peak and a southern outlier of Storm Mountain.

Stanley Peak can be ascended from a scrambling route by late summer but involves much route-finding among the many ledges and gullies on the north face. Climbing routes (UIAA III) travel the north and northeast faces.

## Other BC peaks 
There are another two peaks in British Columbia called **Stanley Peak**. One is 2,935 m high, located at the Squamish-Lillooet regional district (), 24&nbsp;km north-west from Keyhole Falls and 62&nbsp;km west from Gold Bridge,. 

The other is 2,030 m high, in the Stikine region () (90&nbsp;km north-west from Skagway, Alaska).

## References
Promotional recording

**Not to be confused with Single (music)*
A **promotional recording** (or **promo**), is an audio or video recording that is released for free. They are released to promote a song that will be released through an album. Promos are sent to broadcasters, such as music radios, television stations, tastemakers, DJs, and music journalists. Recording labels perform this for their artist(s) to achieve airplay, positive reviews, and other exposure for fame. 

Promos are often released in plain packaging. This means that a artwork or text may not appear on the cover. Most promos are marked with "Licensed for promotional use only. Sale is prohibited." In some cases, promos may ask the owner to return the promo back to the record label. However, it is not against the law to sell promotional recordings. There has been recalls of promos, but this is rare and not forced by recording labels.

Because promos are released in smaller quantities than CD singles, they are sometimes considered a collectors item. They are never released in record stores. Promotional recordings, in terms of airplay, can chart on the US Hot 100 Airplay and not the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart. This is because, the promotional recordings are not released .
Mount Whymper (Edward)

**Mount Whymper**, 2.844&nbsp;m, is a mountain on the Canadian Rocky Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. It is in the Vermilion Pass area, Kootenay National Park.

The mountain is named for its first conqueror, the English alpinist, explorer, writer and engraver Edward Whymper.

In 1901, Whymper and his four guides (Joseph Bossoney, Christian Kaufmann, Christian Klucker, and James Pollinger) first climbed Mount Whymper. It was renamed to honour him. Before the mountain was named *Mount Lefroy*. to promote the Canadian Rocky Mountains and the railway in his conferences.

There is another Mount Whymper in British Columbia, on Vancouver Island.  It is named for Edward's brother Frederick Whymper.

## References
Chola Empire

c.1030.]]
The **Chola Empire** or the **Imperial Cholas** also known as the **Indian maritime Empire** was a medieval empire based in Southern India that was ruled by the Chola dynasty. At its greatest extent it covered much of the southern and eastern India along with many territories in Southeast Asia.

## Government 
The Government of the Chola Empire was monarchical. The empire consisted of various principalities which acted as subordinates to the emperors, but still had some degree of autonomy.

## Foreign relations 
During the reign of Rajendra Chola I (i.e. 1016–1033 AD) and *Kulothunga Chola I* (i.e. in 1077 AD), commercial and political diplomats were sent to China.

## References
Sinai Peninsula

The **Sinai Peninsula** or **Sinai** ( *Sīnā*), is a triangular peninsula in Egypt. It is about  in area. It is between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south. It is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia. This is because the Sinai is known as a land bridge between the two continents of Africa and Asia. There are approximately 500,000 people living there. Egyptians refer to it as the "Land of Fayrouz", based on the Ancient Egyptian "Dumafkat".

There have been several battles in the region. The Sinai has been under the rule by Egyptian governments, including the Ayyubids, the Mamluks, the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, and the modern Egyptian republic. It was also controlled by the Ottoman Empire, and the United Kingdom from 1882 to 1956. Israel invaded and took over Sinai during the 1956 Suez Crisis (known in Egypt as the Tripartite Aggression) and during the 1967 Six Day War. On October 6, 1973, Egypt began the October War to allow the Sinai to be a free nation.

In 1982, after the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979, Israel left Sinai. Since Israel's departure, the region became a tourist destination. This was because of its natural setting, their coral reefs, and biblical history. Mount Sinai is a sacred place in Abrahamic religion.

## Other websites 
* Guide to Sinai , covering background information on history, flora, fauna, desert, bedouin, safaris and geology of Sinai
* Sinai Local Magazine 
* Sinai in ancient Egypt
* Broadcasting videos from Sinai 
* Images of the Sinai Desert 

## Books 
* Gardner, Ann "At Home in South Sinai" *Nomadic Peoples* 2000. Vol. 4,Iss. 2; pp.&nbsp;48–67. Detailed account of Bedouin women
* 
* 
*
Gauss's law

'''Gauss's law** (or **Gauss's flux theorem''') is a law of physics. The law is about the relationship between  electric charge and the resulting electric field. In words, Gauss's law states that:

:*The net electric flux through any **closed surface** is equal to  times the net electric charge (Q) enclosed within that closed surface*.

The law was created by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1835. However, it was not published until 1867. It is one of the four Maxwell's equations on classical electrodynamics. The other three are Gauss's law for magnetism, Faraday's law of induction, and Ampère's circuital law.

## References 
## Other websites 
* MIT Video Lecture Series (30 x 50 minute lectures)- Electricity and Magnetism  Taught by Professor Walter Lewin.
*section on Gauss's law in an online textbook 
*MISN-0-132 ''Gauss's Law for Spherical Symmetry*  (PDF file) by Peter Signell for Project PHYSNET.
*MISN-0-133 *Gauss's Law Applied to Cylindrical and Planar Charge Distributions''  (PDF file) by Peter Signell for Project PHYSNET.
Wushu (sport)

**Wushu** is a sport that is originated from traditional Chinese martial arts. It was created in China after 1949. It was created to nationalize the practice of traditional Chinese martial arts. Most of the competitions had influences of martial arts. This was created by government committees. Wushu has become an international sport through the International Wushu Federation (IWUF). The IWUF holds the World Wushu Championships every two years. The first World Championships were held in 1991 in Beijing.

Competitive wushu is made up of two disciplines:  taolu (套路; *forms*) and sanda (散打; sparring). Taolu involves martial arts routines. These are judged and given points according to specific rules on quality and difficulty of movements. The movements could be stances, kicks, punches, balances, jumps, sweeps and throws. Competitive forms have time limits that can range from 1 minute, 20 seconds to over five minutes. Modern wushu competitors practice jumping techniques such as 540 and 720 and even 900 degree jumps and kicks.

Sanda (sometimes called sanshou or Lei tai) is a modern fighting method and sport. It was influenced by traditional Chinese boxing, Chinese wrestling and Chinese grappling. Sanda has all the combat features of wushu. Sanda is similar to kickboxing or Muay Thai, but it involves more grappling techniques. Sanda competitions are often held alongside taolu competitions.

## References 
## Books 
* *Mastering WUSHU * by Jiang Bangjun and Emilio Alpanseque, .
* *Fundamentals of High Performance Wushu: Taolu Jumps and Spins * by Raymond Wu, .
* *Kung Fu Elements *, Liang, Shou-Yu and Wu, Wen-Ching, 

## Other websites 
* International Wushu Federation&nbsp;– Official Website
* The Web's Most Comprehensive Wushu Site Covering the Beijing Wushu Team, US Wushu and Wushu in the Olympics. Contains pictures, videos, animation, articles and competition results and resources.
* FM&nbsp;– Wushu &nbsp;– A list of Techniques and free animated tutorials for Contemporary Wushu Techniques
* What is Wushu &nbsp;– Contains information about the history of wushu
* http://www.nardis.com/~twchan/liang.html&nbsp;–  Info about the history of wushu