open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Benkei

**Benkei** or **Saitō no Musashibō Benkei** (1155–1189) was a warrior monk (*sōhei*) who served Minamoto no Yoshitsune. He is shown as a man of great strength and loyalty, in Japanese folklore. He became a monk at an early age. At seventeen, he was over two metres (6.6 feet) tall. Benkei was trained in the naginata or the Japanese halberd.

In a battle at Gojō Bridge in Kyoto, he defeated every warrior who was passing by, and collected their 999 swords. On his 1000th duel, Benkei was defeated by Minamoto no Yoshitsune. He became a retainer of Yoshitsune and fought with him in the Genpei War against the Taira clan. People say it is because of him that the Minamoto clan had successes. In the end, however, both Yoshitsune and Benkei were surrounded in the castle of . Yoshitsune went deeper inside the castle keep to commit suicide (seppuku) according to the samurai tradition, while Benkei fought on at the bridge in front of the main gate to protect Yoshitsune. He killed more than 300 fully trained soldiers. Long before the battle should have been over the hesitant soldiers noticed that Benkei was shot with many arrows, and having many wounds, was standing still. The soldiers dared to investigate, but the giant fell to the ground, because he died while still standing. This is known as the "Standing Death of Benkei" (弁慶の立往生, Benkei no Tachi Ōjō among the Japanese).

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Fred MacMurray

**Frederick Martin "Fred" MacMurray** (August 30, 1908 – November 5, 1991) was an American movie, television, voice, radio, and stage actor. He was known for his role as Walter Neff in *Double Indemnity*. 

MacMurray was born on August 30, 1908 in Kankakee, Illinois. He studied at Carroll University. MacMurray was married to Lillian Lamont from 1936 until her death in 1953. He was married to June Haver from 1954 until his death in 1991. MacMurray had four adopted children. MacMurray died on November 5, 1991 in Santa Monica, California from pneumonia, aged 83.

## References
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* Fred MacMurray at Find-a-Grave
Josh Brolin

**Josh James Brolin** (born February 12, 1968) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his roles in *W.*, *No Country for Old Men*, *Milk*, *True Grit*, *Men in Black 3*, *Avengers: Infinity War*, and *Avengers: Endgame*.

## Early life
Brolin was born on February 12, 1968 in Santa Monica, California to James Brolin and to Jane Cameron Agee. He was raised in Corpus Christi, Texas. 

## Personal life
Brolin was married to Alice Adair from 1988 until they divorced in 1992. He has been married to Diane Lane since 2004. Brolin has two children from Adair. Lane filed for divorce in February 2013.

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Billy Wilder

(left), c. 1950]]
**Billy Wilder** (born **Samuel Wilder**, June 22, 1906 – March 27, 2002) was an Austrian-American filmmaker, artist and journalist. He was known for directing movies such as *Some Like It Hot*, *The Apartment*, *Sunset Boulevard*, *Double Ideminty* and *The Seven Year Itch*. He won two Golden Globe Awards and three Academy Awards. Wilder was born in Sucha, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (present-day Sucha Beskidzka, Poland). He was Jewish. He married Judith Coppicus from 1936 to 1946. He married Audrey Young from 1949 to 2002. Wilder has two children. Wilder died of pneumonia in Beverly Hills, California.

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James Brolin

**James Brolin** (born **Craig Kenneth Bruderlin**, July 18, 1940) is an American movie, television, voice, stage actor, movie producer, and movie director. He is known for his roles in *Love, Wedding, Marriage*, *Westworld*, *Capricorn One*, *The Car*, and in *The Amityville Horror*. He has won a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award.

Brolin was born on July 18, 1940 in Los Angeles, California. He studied at University High School. Brolin was married to Jane Cameron Agee from 1966 until they divorced in 1984. Then he was married to Jan Smithers from 1986 until they divorced in 1995. He has been married to Barbra Streisand since 1998. He has three children, including actor Josh Brolin.

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County Limerick

**County Limerick** () is a county of Ireland. County Limerick is in the province of Munster. It is named after the city of Limerick, which is in County Limerick. At the 2011 census, 191,809 people lived in County Limerick.
Richard Donner

**Richard Donner** (born **Richard Donald Schwartzberg**, April 24, 1930 &ndash; July 5, 2021) was an American movie director, movie producer, and comic book writer. He was known for directing the superhero movie *Superman*, *The Goonies*, and *Lethal Weapon*.

## Early years
Richard Schwartzberg was born in the Bronx, to Jewish parents, Hattie and Fred Schwartzberg. His father owned a small furniture manufacturing business. The cause of death was heart and respiratory failure caused by atherosclerosis.

## Filmography
### Film 
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## References
## Other websites
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* Archive of American Television interview, 2006
Gloria Swanson

**Gloria Swanson** (**Gloria Josephine Mae**, March 27, 1899 &ndash; April 4, 1983) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, radio, silent movie actress, singer and movie producer. She played Norma Desmond in *Sunset Boulevard*. She won a Golden Globe Award in 1951 and a Saturn Award in 1975. She was known for having an affair with Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.. Swanson was born in Chicago, Illinois. She studied at Hawthorne Scholastic Academy. She was married six times, having a relationship with Wallace Beery (1916-1919), Herbert K. Somborn (1919-1922), Henri de la Falaise (1925-1930), Michael Farmer (1931-1934), William Davey (1945-1946) and William Dufty (1976-1983). Swanson had three children. She died of heart failure. She was buried at the Episcopal Church of the Heavenly Rest in New York City.

## Early life 
Swanson was born in a small house in Chicago in 1899. She was raised in the Lutheran faith. Her father was Joseph Theodore Swanson (né Svensson). He was a Swedish American soldier. Her mother was Adelaide (née Klanowski). She had German, French, and Polish ancestry. Her family moved often because her father was in the US Army. For some of her childhood, she lived in Key West, Florida. There, she went to a Catholic convent school. She also lived in Puerto Rico. Here, she saw her first movies.

## Career
 with Gloria Swanson and Teddy the Dog in *Teddy at the Throttle* (1917)|alt=Black and white photo of a young man, a young woman, and a dog]]
Her family moved to Chicago again when Swanson became adolescent. Gloria was soon hired by Essanay Studios as an extra.

Movies were still new. Extras were usually very important. Her first role was a walk-on with Gerda Holmes. For this, she was paid $3.25. The studio soon gave her a job for $13.25 () per week. Swanson left school to work at the studio. In 1915, she co-starred in *Sweedie Goes to College*. Her future first husband, Wallace Beery also acted in this movie.

In 1916, Swanson and her mother wet to California for her parts in Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios comedy shorts. At the studio, Swanson became popular with audiences. She was in many movies with Bobby Vernon. They were both in *The Danger Girl* (1916), ''The Sultan's Wife* (1917), and *Teddy at the Throttle* (1917). The director, Clarence G. Badger was by Swanson. He recommended her to the director Jack Conway. With Conway, Swanson played in *Her Decision* and *You Can't Believe Everything* in 1918. Her pay was soon increased to $15 a week.
* (1919)]]

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* Gloria Swanson  at the Women Film Pioneers Project
* Glorious Gloria Swanson – Tribute site
* Gloria Swanson's papers  at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
* Gloria Swanson photographs and bibliography

### Interviews 
* Gloria Swanson, video of *The Mike Wallace Interview*, April 28, 1957
* , August 3, 1970
Molly Brown

**Margaret "Molly" Brown Tobin** (July 18, 1867 – October 26, 1932) was an American socialite, philanthropist, and activist. She became famous for surviving the 1912 sinking of the R.M.S Titanic.

Brown was born on July 18, 1867 in Hannibal, Missouri but spent her time in Denver, Colorado. Brown was married to James Joseph Brown from 1886 until his death in 1922. They had two children called Lawrence Palmer Brown, in 1887, and a daughter, Catherine Ellen, followed two years later. Brown died on October 26, 1932 in New York City, New York from a brain tumor, aged 65.

## References
## Other websites
* Margaret Brown On Titanic-Titanic.com
* Margaret Brown Death Certificate On Titanic-Titanic.com
Monte Markham

**Monte Markham** (born June 21, 1935) is an American movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, movie producer, and movie director. He is known for his roles in; *One Is a Lonely Number*, *Hot Pursuit*, *Jack Holborn*, and in *Guns of the Magnificent Seven*.

Markham was born on June 21, 1935 in Manatee County, Florida. Markham has been married to Klaire Keevil Hester since 1961.

## References
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Eddie Albert

**Edward Albert "Eddie" Heimberger** (April 22, 1906 – May 26, 2005), known professionally as **Eddie Albert**, was an American movie, television, stage, voice, radio actor, singer, comedian and activist. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1954 for his role in *Roman Holiday*, and then again in 1973 for his role in *The Heartbreak Kid*. He is also known for his role in *Green Acres*.

Albert was born on April 22, 1906 in Rock Island, Illinois, but was raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Albert studied at the University of Minnesota. He was married to Margo Albert from 1945 until her death in 1985. They had two children. Albert died on May 26, 2005 in Pacific Palisades, California from Pneumonia caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 99.

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Ed Begley Jr.

**Edward James "Ed" Begley, Jr.** (born September 16, 1949) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor and environmentalist. He is known for his roles in; *She-Devil*, ''What's Your Number?*, *Whatever Works*, and in *Living with Ed*. He is also known for his television role in *St. Elsewhere''. 

Begley, Jr. was born on September 16, 1949 in Los Angeles, California to Ed Begley, Sr. and to Allene Jeanne Sanders. He studied at Notre Dame High School and at Los Angeles Valley College. He was married to Ingrid Taylor from 1976 until they divorced in 1989. He has now been married to Rachelle Carson since 2000. He has three children. He lives in Los Angeles, California.

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Dog fighting

**Dog fighting** is a blood sport that involves several dogs fighting at one time; sometimes many dogs are involved. The practice of dog fighting goes back to the ancient times. Dog fighting is forbidden in Australia, the United States and Canada. All fifty U.S. States classify dog fighting as a felony and attending a dog fight is not allowed in many US States.

In dog fighting breeds, *gameness* is valued as it gives the dog the ability to maintain the attack in baiting, despite ripped flesh, dehydration, exhaustion or broken bones. As one writer describes it, "Game is the dog that won't quit fighting, the dog that'll die in the ring, the dog that'll fight with two broken legs."  Training of a game dog varies depending on the level and experience of the dog-fighter. A famous American "gamebred" breed of dog is the American Pit Bull Terrier. A famous Irish "gamebred" breed of dog is the Kerry Blue Terrier.  A famous English "gamebred" breed of dog is the Staffordshire Bull Terrier.  A famous Japanese "gamebred" breed of dog is the Tosa Inu.  A famous Argentinian "gamebred" breed of dog is the Dogo Argentino.
Patapsco River

The **Patapsco River** is a river in the state of Maryland in the United States. It is  long. The name "Patapsco" comes from the language of the Algonquian tribe of Native Americans. The Alginquian word *pota-psk-ut* means "backwater" or "tide covered with froth."

The river runs through central Maryland and empties into the Chesapeake Bay. The mouth of the river, where it enters the Chesapeake Bay, serves as the city of Baltimore's Inner Harbor. The river has two tributaries. The North Branch runs north. The South Branch runs east and is the northern border of Howard County, Maryland.

## Related pages
* Baltimore
* Chesapeake Bay

## Sources
Jerusalem Cinematheque

The **Jerusalem Cinematheque** is a cinematheque and film archive in Jerusalem. It opened in 1973. In 1981, it moved to its present location in Derech Hevron, near the walls of the old city of Jerusalem. The Israeli Film Archive, the national film archive of Israel was moved to the new building at the same time. 

## Other websites 
* Jerusalem Cinematheque & Israel Film Archive  Official website
William Conrad

**William Conrad** (**John William Cann Jr.**, September 27, 1920 &ndash; February 11, 1994) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, radio actor, movie director, and movie producer. Conrad is known his television role as District Attorney J. L. "Fatman" McCabe in *Jake and the Fatman*.

Conrad was born on September 27, 1920 in Louisville, Kentucky. He was married to June Nelson from 1943 until her death in 1977. Then he was married to Tippy Stringer Huntly from 1980 until his death in 1994. He had a son, Christopher by his wife June. Conrad died on February 11, 1994 in Los Angeles, California from heart failure, aged 73.

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Tel Aviv Cinematheque

The **Tel Aviv Cinematheque** is the biggest cinematheque in Israel. It opened in 1989, next to the Israeli Cinema Center. It is also known as the Doron Cinema Center.

## Other websites 
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* The Israeli Cinema Center  in "telavivinf" website
Arthur O'Connell

'''Arthur O'Connell'* (March 29, 1908 – May 18, 1981) was an American stage, movie, television, voice, and radio actor. He was known for his roles in *Citizen Kane*, *Operation Petticoat*, *Picnic*, *April Love*, *Bus Stop*, The Hiding Place, and in *Anatomy of Murder''. 

O'Connell was born on March 29, 1908 in New York City, New York. He was married to Ann Hall Dunlop until they divorced in 1973. O'Connell died on May 18, 1981 from Alzheimer's disease in his Los Angeles, California home, aged 73.

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The Baltimore Sun

***The Baltimore Sun*** is a newspaper from the U.S. state of Maryland. It is the largest general-circulation newspaper in the state. *The Sun* is printed daily, and it has information and news about local and regional news, events, issues, people, and industries.

The newspaper was started by Arunah Sheperdson Abell, a printer. Abell and two others founded the newspaper on May 17, 1837. The Abell family owned the paper until 1910. In 1911, the Black family was able to get a controlling interest in the paper. In 1986, the newspaper was sold to the Times-Mirror Company of Los Angeles.

*The Sun* is a legacy newspaper. Legacy newspapers in the United States have been doing poorly in recent years. *The Sun* has seen fewer readers and a smaller newsroom. Also a new free daily newspaper, *The Baltimore Examiner*, hurt *The Sun*'s business. (*The Examiner* is no longer being printed.) In 2000, the Tribune Company of Chicago bought the Times-Mirror company.

, there were 195,561 people who had the daily edition of *The Sun* delivered. There were 343,552 subscribers to the Sunday edition. On April 29, 2009, the Tribune Company announced that it would lay off 61 of the 205 staff members in the *Sun* newsroom.

*The Baltimore Sun* is part of the Baltimore Sun Media Group (BSMG). This group also produces the *b* free daily newspaper and more than 30 other Baltimore metropolitan-area community newspapers, magazines and Web sites. BSMG's content reaches more than one&nbsp;million Baltimore-area readers each week. The group is the region's most widely read source of news.

## Sources
Lyle Talbot

**Lyle Talbot** (**Lisle Henderson**, February 8, 1902 – March 2, 1996) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, radio actor. He was known for his television role as James Gordon in the *Batman serials* television series. He is known for his appearance in the movies *Plan 9 from Outer Space*, *She Had to Say Yes*, *Glen or Glenda*, *Atom Man vs. Superman*, and in *Murder in the Clouds*.

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Ian McShane

**Ian David McShane** (born September 29, 1942) is an English movie, television, stage, voice actor, movie director, movie producer, and comedian. He is known for his roles as Lovejoy in the series of the same name, Tai Lung in *Kung Fu Panda*, and Blackbeard in *Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides*. He has won a TCA Award and a Golden Globe Award.

McShane was born on September 29, 1942 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England. He studied at Stretford Grammar School. He was married to Suzan Farmer from 1965 until they divorced in 1968. Then he was married to Ruth Post from 1970 until they divorced in 1976. He has been married to Gwen Humble since 1980. He was partners with Sylvia Kristel from 1977 until they split up in 1982. He has two children by Post.

## References
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List of cities in Connecticut

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, Capital of Connecticut]]
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These are cities in the U.S. state of Connecticut.  Population is from 2020 Census data. Cities with more than 100,000 people are listed in **boldface**.
Greenwich, Connecticut

**Greenwich** is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had 63,518 people. It is home to many hedge funds and other financial service companies.

Greenwich is the southernmost and westernmost town in Connecticut. In July 2005, CNN/Money and *Money* magazine listed Greenwich 4th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States. *Money* magazine also ranked Greenwich #1 in the "Biggest Earner" category. The town is named after Greenwich, England.

The town of Greenwich was settled in 1640.  One of the founders was Elizabeth Fones Winthrop, daughter-in-law of John Winthrop.  Winthrop was founder and Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.  Greenwich was officially made a town on May 11, 1665.

The town has four beaches on Long Island Sound: Greenwich Point, Byram Beach, Island Beach (Little Captain's Island), and Great Captain Island.

## Top employers
The top employers in the city are:

## References
Nerva–Antonine dynasty

The **Nerva–Antonine** dynasty was a group of seven Roman Emperors who ruled over the Roman Empire from 96 to 192. These Emperors are Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus, and Commodus.

Image:Nerva Tivoli Massimo.jpg|Nerva
Image:Traianus Glyptothek Munich 336.jpg|Trajan
Image:Bust Hadrian Musei Capitolini MC817.jpg|Hadrian

Image:Antoninus Pius (Museo del Prado) 01.jpg|Antoninus Pius
Image:Marcus Aurelius Glyptothek Munich.jpg|Marcus Aurelius
Image:Lucius verus.jpg|Lucius Verus
Image:Commodus Musei Capitolini MC1120.jpg|Commodus
Survey of Israel

**Survey of Israel - SOI** () is the national Israeli institute of geodesy and map-making. It was founded in 1920 as the Survey of the British Mandate of Palestine. It is in Tel Aviv with branches in Jerusalem, Beer Sheva, Haifa and Nazareth. In 2011 the Israeli government decided to transfer all units into a new building to be built in Jerusalem.

## Other websites 
* Survey Of Israel 
* Survey Of Israel's Heritage website
Bear Mountain

**Bear Mountain** may be:

* One of a list of peaks named Bear Mountain
* Bear Mountain (Hudson Highlands), in New York State
** Bear Mountain State Park, which includes the New York mountain
* Bear Mountain (Connecticut)
* Bear Mountain (Georgia)
* Bear Mountain in Deer Lodge County, Montana
* Bear Mountain (Glacier County, Montana) 
* Bear Mountain in Jefferson County, Montana
* Bear Mountain in Meagher County, Montana
* Bear Mountain (Washington), one of several peaks in Washington
* Bear Mountain (resort), a golf resort community in Greater Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
* Bear Mountain (ski area), a ski resort in southern California
* Bear Mountain Ski Hill, near Dawson Creek, British Columbia

## Related pages
*Bare Mountain (disambiguation)
List of peaks named Bear Mountain

## United States
According to the USGS GNIS, the United States has 144 peaks named **Bear Mountain**:
### Alaska
See Bear Mountain (Alaska) for 10 peaks in Alaska.
### California
See Bear Mountain (California) for 14 peaks in California.
### Colorado
See Bear Mountain (Colorado) for 10 peaks in Colorado.
### Maine
See Bear Mountain (Maine) for 11 peaks in Maine.
### New York
See Bear Mountain (New York) for 11 peaks in New York.
### Washington
See Bear Mountain (Washington) for 9 peaks in Washington.
### Other states
Other states with at least one peak named Bear Mountain are: Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Vermont and Wyoming.
Bear Mountain (Connecticut)

**Bear Mountain,** is a prominent peak of the southern Taconic Mountains. It is in the town of Salisbury, Connecticut, in the United States. It is the highest mountain *summit* in the state of Connecticut. The highest *point* in the state is on the south slope of Mount Frissell. 

## References
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Bare Mountain

**Bare Mountain** may be:

* Bare Mountain (Massachusetts), a mountain in the Holyoke Range
* Bare Mountain (Nevada), a mountain range in Nye County

## Related pages
*Bear Mountain
Drone

s.]]

An **unmanned aerial vehicle**, often called a **drone**, is an aircraft that is not operated by a pilot on board.

Drones may have an onboard computer to take care of adjustments to wind and changes in air pressure. Sometimes they are programmed to a particular target. Important decisions are usually supervised by people on the ground communicating by radio.

Large UAVs are mostly used by military forces, for example for reconnaissance. Some of them are programmed to be a target, to be shot at. A few carry weapons for unmanned combat. Drones also have civilian uses, such as firefighting or taking photographs.

Drones come in different sizes. Wingspans range from a few centimetres to about , the size of regular, manned aircraft.

Photographers mount cameras on drones for aerial photography. Google has built and tested drones, for delivery of merchandise. Some people use them in drone racing. Private drones are sometimes called a nuisance, even a danger. In many countries they are forbidden near cities and airports and other things.

There is an industry that makes and sells equipment for automatic tracking and detection of UAVs; There are commercial cameras that can track and detect some activity by UAVS.

File:Predator and Hellfire.jpg|A missile being launched from a drone
File:CBP unmanned aerial vehicle control.jpg|Control room (on the ground). It is used for controlling a drone.
File:Remote controlled flying machine with four helicopter blades.jpg|Toy helicopter under radio control
File:DSM05365.jpg|Maasai seeing a drone for the first time (2018).

## Related pages
*Combat drone

## References
Bare Mountain (Massachusetts)

:*Alternate spelling: should not be confused with Bear Mountain.* 
 
**Bare Mountain** is a prominent peak of the Holyoke Range in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts.  It is  above sea level. It is part of the greater Metacomet Ridge that goes from Long Island Sound almost to the Vermont border. 

Bare Mountain is in the towns of Amherst and South Hadley, Massachusetts.  

## References
* Farnsworth, Elizabeth J. "Metacomet-Mattabesett Trail Natural Resource Assessment."  2004. PDF file. Cited Nov. 20, 2007. 
* "Amherst College Library Chronology ". Cited from web Dec. 2, 2007.
**The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail Guide*. 9th Edition. The Appalachian Mountain Club. Amherst, Massachusetts, 1999.
**Mt. Holyoke Range Historical Timeline*. Cited from web Dec. 2, 2007.
*Raymo, Chet and Maureen E. Written in Stone: A Geologic History of the Northeastern United States. Globe Pequot, Chester, Connecticut, 1989.
Meagher County, Montana

**Meagher County** (pronounced Marr) is a county in the U.S. state of Montana.  As of 2020, there were 1,927 people.   Its county seat is White Sulphur Springs. 
The center of population of Montana is also in Meagher County at 

Meagher County was named for Thomas Francis Meagher, territorial governor of Montana.

The first county seat was Diamond City, the main city of the Confederate Gulch mining district. This entire area is no longer part of Meagher County.  It is now in neighboring Broadwater County.

## National protected areas
*Gallatin National Forest (part)
*Helena National Forest (part)
*Lewis and Clark National Forest (part)

## Border Counties
* Cascade County, Montana - north
* Judith Basin County, Montana - northeast
* Wheatland County, Montana - east
* Sweet Grass County, Montana - southeast
* Park County, Montana - south
* Gallatin County, Montana - south
* Broadwater County, Montana - west
* Lewis and Clark County, Montana - northwest

## References
Salisbury, Connecticut

**Salisbury** is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut,  United States. The town is the most northwest in the State of Connecticut.  The MA-NY-CT (Massachusetts-New York-Connecticut) Tri-State Marker is just on the border of Salisbury.  The population was 4,194 at the 2020 census.

Scoville Library in Salisbury was the first in the United States to be open to the public free of charge.

Although the peak of Mount Frissell is in Massachusetts, the south slope of the mountain is in Salisbury. It is the highest point in Connecticut.  In Salisbury there are several ponds and six lakes: Wononscopomuc, Washinee, Washining, Wononpakook, Riga Lake and South Pond. The Appalachian Trail runs through Salisbury.

## References
John Muir

**John Muir** (21 April 1838 &ndash; 24 December 1914) was an influential Scottish-born American naturalist, author, environmental philosopher, glaciologist, writer, and early advocate of preservation of wilderness in the United States.  

His letters, essays, and books of his adventures in nature, especially in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, have been read by millions of people. Among his many notable journeys throughout the wilderness, Muir traveled from the Upper Mississippi Basin to the Gulf of Mexico and kept a journal of his travels called '*A Thousand-Mile Walk*'. Muir felt that the national parks and forests needed to be preserved and some resources which should be off-limits to industrial use. His activism helped to preserve the Yosemite Valley, Sequoia National Park and many other wilderness areas throughout the United States. He founded the Sierra Club, now one of the most important conservation organizations in the United States.

In 1867, when he was 29, Muir was temporarily blinded in an accident in an Indianapolis sawmill, when his right cornea was pierced by a stray file.

In 1903, John Muir and the former U.S president Theodore Roosevelt went on a three-night camping trip. This trip later shaped the way president’s thoughts and perceptions towards nature, and in turn, result in policies that were put in place in favour of the preservation of nature. One of such is the Yosemite Recession Bill in 1906, which put Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias under federal protection and by extension, part of Yosemite National Park. A total of five national parks, fifty-five national bird sanctuaries and wildlife refuges, 150 national forests were signed into existence throughout Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency, indicative of how John’s passion for nature rubbing off on the former president. 

One of the most well-known hiking trails in the U.S., the  John Muir Trail, was named in his honor. Other places named in his honor are Muir Woods National Monument, Muir Beach, John Muir College, Mount Muir, Camp Muir and Muir Glacier. For his outstanding accomplishments in preserving America's environment, he is known to many as the "Father of the National Parks" and "son of the wilderness".

## References
## Other websites
* John Muir Exhibit  by the Sierra Club; includes a detailed chronology.
* John Muir Global Network
* John Muir National Historic Site from National Park Service
* Friends of John Muir's Birthplace (formerly Dunbar's John Muir Association)  Scotland
* John Muir's Birthplace, John Muir Birthplace Trust Scotland
* John Muir Trust  Scotland
* Canadian Friends of John Muir (CFJM) website
* John Muir Project Protecting Federal Public Forest Lands
* Access Adventure  Founded by Muir's grandson
European robin

The **European robin** (*Erithacus rubecula*)  is a small bird found in many parts of Europe. In English, this bird is usually just called a **robin**. In Britain, it is the most popular bird.

The robin is an insectivore: it eats insects. It is a member of the order Passerine which makes it a perching bird. It has an orange-red breast and face, olive-brown wings and back, a white to light-brown belly. You can sometimes see a blue-grey fringe around the bottom part of the robin's red breast patch. European robins have brown legs and their tail is bluntly square. They have large, black eyes and a small black bill.

Some migrate, and some are resident. In the breeding season the red chest of the male gets a bit redder, and they are very territorial. No other male robin is allowed near, and they even fight other birds that come too close. The American and Australian robins are not closely related to this, the original bird to be named ‘robin’.

## Sources
Litchfield Hills

The **Litchfield Hills** (also known as the **Northwest Hills** or **Northwest Highlands**) are a geographic part of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The hills are part of the Appalachian Mountains. It is in the northwestern corner of the state. It closely follows the boundaries of Litchfield County, for which it is named. 

The Litchfield Hills are known for their rural . This is different than central and southern Connecticut, which is largely urban or suburban.  This region has a large part of the state's small vineyard and wine industry.  Historically, the region was well known for the limestone, iron, and dairy industries.
Falls Village, Connecticut

**Falls Village** is a village in the town of Canaan, Connecticut. Because Falls Village is the town center in Canaan, the entire town is often called "Falls Village."  

In 1979 the **Falls Village District** was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district. The district is about  that were built in the middle of the 19th century. The area was selected as a station stop for the Housatonic Railroad in the early 1830s.

## References
Windsor Locks, Connecticut

**Windsor Locks** is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, there were 12,613 people living in the town. It is served by Bradley International Airport. It is also the site of the New England Air Museum. It is beside the Connecticut River.

## References
## Other websites 
*
New Canaan, Connecticut

**New Canaan** is a wealthy town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. There were 20,622 people according to the 2020 census.

The town is one of the richest communities in the nation. In 2011, New Canaan was 8th on CNN Money's list of the top-earning towns in the United States.

## References
Bob Crane

**Robert Edward "Bob" Crane** (July 13, 1928 – June 29, 1978) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor. He was known for his role as Colonel Robert E. Hogan in ''Hogan's Heroes''. 

## Career 
Crane was born on July 13, 1928 in Waterbury, Connecticut. During World War II he played in his own jazz band to raise money for war bonds. After the war he changed to classical music and played in the Connecticut Symphony Orchestra. Soon he was the  morning  radio talk show host. Crane ed popular celebrities such as Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope and Marilyn Monroe. 

Crane moved to television and played "Dr. Dave Kelsey" on the Donna Reed Show. It was an immediate success. The series ran for six years. Off the  he was just as popular. He had been ed in the head by a camera tripod.

## References
## Other websites
* BOB CRANE 1928 - 1978
*
Chris Farley

**Christopher Crosby "Chris" Farley** (February 15, 1964 – December 18, 1997) was an American comedian, movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He was known for his comedy work in *Saturday Night Live*. 

Farley was born on February 15, 1964 in Madison, Wisconsin. He studied at Marquette University. He never married. Farley died on December 18, 1997 in his Chicago apartment at 875 North Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois from cocaine intoxication and morphine overdose or drug overdose, aged 33.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Cristina Iovu

**Cristina Iovu** (born November 8, 1992 in Chișinău) is a Moldovan  weightlifter in the &ndash;53&nbsp;kg division.

Iovu won a gold medal at the 2012 European Weightlifting Championships. At the 2012 London Olympics, Iovu won the bronze medal in the 53&nbsp;kg event.

## Achievements
## References
Cellulitis

**Cellulitis** is an infection of the skin, caused by bacteria. Very often, the face is affected. The disease should not be confused with cellulite. Cellulitis is caused by bacteria, usually staphylococcus or streptococcus, which can get through a break in the skin. These breaks can be caused by a wound, cracks in the skin, insect bites, or problems with the bodies immune system. The infection causes the skin to become red, hot and painful. It can also cause a fever. It is usually treated by taking antibiotic drugs.

## References
Mount Frissell

**Mount Frissell,** , is on the border of southwest Massachusetts and northwest Connecticut. It is a prominent peak of the Taconic Range.  The peak and northern part of the mountain are in Massachusetts. The southern slope of Mount Frissell is in Connecticut, It rises to the highest elevation in that state, . Bear Mountain,  to the east, is the highest mountain summit in Connecticut.

The mountain is in the towns of Mount Washington, Massachusetts and Salisbury, Connecticut. A lot of the land is part of Massachusetts' Mount Washington State Forest and Connecticut's Mount Riga Forest Preserve. Mount Frissell is bordered by Round Mountain to the southeast, Mount Ashley to the north, and Brace Mountain to the west.  

## References
## Notes
* 
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Heme

**Heme**, or **haem** (pronounced /hi:m/ *HEEM*), is a precursor to hemoglobin. It is necessary to bind oxygen in the circulatory system. Heme is made in both the bone marrow and the liver.

## Function
Hemes can do many things, such as catalyse reactions or move chemicals. Hemes are usually bound to proteins, and make hemoproteins.

Examples of hemoproteins include hemoglobin, myoglobin, leghemoglobin, and cytochrome.

## Related pages 
* Myoglobin
* Leghemoglobin
* Cytochrome
Pernicious anemia

**Pernicious anemia** is a medical problem that causes a person to have too few red blood cells (anemia) because their intestines cannot absorb vitamin B12 properly. A special protein, called intrinsic factor, helps the body get vitamin B12 from food such as meat, poultry and dairy foods. Intrinsic factor is made by cells in the stomach.  If there is not enough intrinsic factor, the small intestine is unable to get the vitamin B12.

There are several causes of pernicious anemia. These include a weakened stomach lining or a problem with the body's immune system, which causes it to attack the intrinsic factor. In some rare cases it can be passed down through families. Treatment is usually a regular injection of vitamin B12.

Intrinsic factor was discovered by Thomas Addison.

## References
Lou Ferrigno

**Louis Jude "Lou" Ferrigno** (born November 9, 1951) is an American movie, television, voice actor, and bodybuilder. He is known for playing the Hulk in the television series *The Incredible Hulk*. 

Ferrigno was born on November 9, 1951 in Brooklyn, New York. He was married to Susan Groff from 1978 until they divorced in 1979. In 1980, he married Carla Ferrigno.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*
Isla Fisher

**Isla Fisher** (; born 3 February 1976) is an Australian actress, and writer who has been in many movies and television shows. She was born in Muscat, Oman to Scottish parents. She moved to Perth, Western Australia when she was six. She starred in the movie *Wedding Crashers*.

Isla Fisher became engaged to Sacha Baron Cohen in 2004. The couple married in 2010. They have two daughters and a son.

## Filmography 
### Television
### Film
'' in London (2012)]]

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites 
*
Delphi, Greece

]]

**Delphi** is a town in Greece. It is a World Heritage Site. It has an archaeological site related to the Oracle of Delphi. The Pythian Games were held in Delphi. Among Delphi's art treasures is the Charioteer of Delphi. 

## Other websites
*The “E” of Delphi - Delphic precepts
Ed Begley

**Edward James "Ed" Begley, Sr.** (March 25, 1901 – April 28, 1970) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor. He won an Academy Award and a Tony Award. He was known for his roles in *The Unsinkable Molly Brown*, *Billion Dollar Brain*, *The Dunwich Horror*, ''Hang 'Em High*, and in *12 Angry Men''.

Begley was born on March 25, 1901 in Hartford, Connecticut. He was married to Amanda Huff from 1922 until they divorced in 1957. Then he was married to Dorothy Reeves from 1961 until they divorced in 1963. He was last married to Helen Jordan from 1963 until his death in 1970. Begley died on April 28, 1970 in his Hollywood, California home from a heart attack, aged 69. His son is actor Ed Begley, Jr..

## References
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*
*
*
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Ron Perlman

**Ron Perlman** (born April 13, 1950) is an American actor. He is best known for his work as Hellboy in *Hellboy* and in *Hellboy II: The Golden Army*. He won a Golden Globe Award in 1988 for his role as Vincent in *Beauty and the Beast* (1987–1990). He was born in New York City, New York. and studied at the University of Minnesota. He has been married to Opal Perlamn since 1981. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
* 
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New London County, Connecticut

**New London County** is a county in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Connecticut.  As of 2020, the population was 268,555. The total area of the county is .

The same as all eight of Connecticut's counties, there is no county government and no county seat.  In Connecticut, towns are responsible for all local government activities, including fire and rescue, snow removal and schools.  In a few cases, neighboring towns will share some resources (e.g., water, gas, etc.). New London County is only a group of towns on a map. It has no governmental authority.

New London County was one of four original counties in Connecticut.  They were formed May 10, 1666.

## Border counties
*Windham County (north)
*Kent County, Rhode Island (northeast)
*Washington County, Rhode Island (east)
*Middlesex County (west)
*Tolland County (northwest)
*Hartford County (northwest)
*Suffolk County, New York (south) Water boundary only, with ferry access to Fishers Island

## Towns 
*Bozrah
*Colchester
** *Westchester*
*East Lyme
** *Flanders*
** *Niantic*
*Franklin
*Griswold
*Borough of Jewett City
*Hopeville
*Glasgo
*Pachaug
*Groton
*City of Groton
*Groton Long Point
*Long Hill
*Mystic (also in Stonington)
*Noank
*Poquonock Bridge
*Lebanon
*Ledyard
*Gales Ferry
*Ledyard Center
*Lisbon
*Lyme
*Montville
*Chestefield
*Mohegan
*Oakdale
*Oxoboxo River (census-designated place)
*Uncasville
*New London
*North Stonington
*Norwich
*Old Lyme
*Preston
*Poquetanuck
*Preston City
*Salem
*Sprague
*Baltic
*Stonington
*Pawcatuck
*Mystic (also in Groton)
*Old Mystic
*Voluntown
*Waterford
*Quaker Hill

## References
Alan Young

**Alan Young** (November 19, 1919 &ndash; May 19, 2016) was a British-born Canadian-American actor, comedian, radio host and television host. He is best known for his role as Wilbur Post in *Mister Ed*, and as the voice of Scrooge McDuck in many Disney television shows and animated movies. He won an Emmy Award in 1950.

Young was born on November 19, 1919 in North Shields, Northumberland, England. He was raised in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was married to Mary Anne Grimes from 1941 until they divorced in 1947. Then he was married to Virginia McCurdy from 1948 until they divorced in 1995. With Grimes he had two children and with McCurdy he had two. He was then married to his third wife Mary Chipman from 1996 to 1997.

On May 19, 2016, Young died in Woodland Hills, California at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
Long Island Sound

The **Long Island Sound** is an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It is in the United States. The US states of Connecticut (to the north) and Long Island, New York (to the south) share it. The Connecticut River at Old Saybrook, Connecticut connects to the sound. To the west, The Bronx and Westchester County, New York connect to the East River. To the east, the Block Island Sound connects to the sound.

## Other websites 
* What Makes Long Island Sound So Special? - EPA website
Jeff Corey

**Jeff Corey** (**Arthur Zwerling**; August 10, 1914 &ndash; August 16, 2002) was an American stage, voice, movie, television, radio actor, movie director, and teacher. He was known for his role as Luke Benson in *Superman and the Mole Men*.

Corey was born on August 10, 1914 in Brooklyn, New York City. Corey was married to Hope Corey from 1938 until his death in 2002. They had three children. Corey died on August 16, 2002 after he fell in his house in Santa Monica, California, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Back Stage West Interview
William Daniels

**William David Daniels**  or **Will Daniels** (born March 31, 1927) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his role as Mr. Braddock in *The Graduate* and as Dr. Mark Craig in *St. Elsewhere*. He won Emmy Awards in 1985 and in 1986 for his acting in *St. Elsewhere*.

Daniels was born on March 31, 1927 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Northwestern University. He has been married to Bonnie Bartlett since 1951. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Steve Forrest

**Steve Forrest** (September 29, 1925 – May 18, 2013) was an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He was known for his role as Lt. Hondo Harrelson in *S.W.A.T.*.

Forrest was born **William Forrest Andrews ** in Huntsville, Texas on September 29, 1925. He has been married to Christine Carilas from 1948 until his death in 2013. They had three children. 

Forrest died in Thousand Oaks, California on May 18, 2013 from natural causes, aged 87. He was later buried at Pierce Brothers Valley Oaks Memorial Park Westlake, Los Angeles County, California. 

## References
## Other websites
*
*
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Chris O'Donnell

'''Christopher Eugene "Chris" O'Donnell'* (born June 26, 1970) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his roles in *NCIS: Los Angeles*, *Batman & Robin*, *Batman Forever*, *Scent of a Woman*, and in *Vertical Limit''.

O'Donnell was born on June 26, 1970 in Winnetka, Illinois. He has been married to Caroline Fentress since 1997. They have five children.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Richard Chamberlain

**George Richard Chamberlain** (March 31, 1934 – March 29, 2025) was an American movie, television, voice, stage actor, and singer. He was known for his role as Dr. Kildare in the TV series of the same name. He has won two Golden Globe Awards.

Chamberlain was born on March 31, 1934 in Beverly Hills, California. He studied at Beverly Hills High School and at Pomona College. He was partners with Martin Rabbett from the 1970s through 2010.

Chamberlain died of problems caused from a stroke in Waimānalo, Hawaii on March 29, 2025, two days before his 91st birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Richard Chamberlain complete and regularly updated Webbiography
John Hurt

Sir **John Vincent Hurt**, CBE (22 January 1940 &ndash; 25 January 2017) was an English movie, television, voice, and stage actor. He is known for his roles in *The Elephant Man*, *Melancholia*, *Immortals*, *Alien*, *Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy*, ''Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone*, *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows* and for his role as the War Doctor in *Doctor Who''. He won a Golden Globe Award and two BAFTA Awards.

Hurt was born on 22 January 1940 in Shirebrook, Derbyshire. Hurt was married to Annette Robertson from 1962 until they divorced in 1964. He was married to Donna Peacock from 1984 until they divorced in 1990. He was married to Jo Dalton from 1990 until they divorced in 1996. He married Ann Rees Meyers in 2005. Hurt had two sons with Dalton.

In June 2015, Hurt announced that he had been diagnosed with early-stage pancreatic cancer. He confirmed that he would continue to work while undergoing treatment, and said that both he and his medical team were "more than optimistic about a satisfactory outcome". Following treatment, Hurt stated that he was in remission on 12 October 2015.

Hurt died on 25 January 2017 from pancreatic cancer in Cromer, Norfolk, three days after his 77th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
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Emperor Antoku

was the 81st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign started in 1180 and ended in 1185.

## Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, his personal name (*imina*) was .  or Kotohito*-shinnō*. He was the son of Emperor Takakura.

## Events of Antoku's life 
Antoku was named Crown Prince at around one month of age.  He became emperor at one year of age.

* **1180** (*Jishō 4, 21st day of the 4th month*): In the 12th year of Takakura*-tennō* 's reign, he abdicated.  The succession (the *senso*) was  by his infant son.  Soon after, Emperor Antoku is said to have accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (*sokui*).
* **1183** (*Juei 2, 20th day of the 8th month*): Emperor Go-Toba was named emperor by former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa.  This meant that there were two emperors at the same time. Go-Toba was in Kyoto and Antoko was fleeing towards the south.
* **1185** (*Genryaku 2, 24th day of the 3rd month*): The Taira clan and the Minamoto clan clashed in the naval Battle of Dan-no-ura in the Shimonoseki Strait at the southern tip of the island of Honshu.

The Taira were defeated; and Antoku died in the sea after the naval battle was lost.   Antoku's grandmother drowned herself by jumping into the sea with the young emperor in her arms.

### Account of the Battle of Dan-no-ura, 1185 AD
There was a battle by an inland sea (Dan No Ura) on April 24th 1185, between two powerful Japanese clans .( The ruling Heike and another clan called Genji) Each asserted a superior claim to the throne . The Heike were badly outnumbered and out manoeuvered. Antoku`s guardian was his grandmother,( lady Ni) When it became clear the Heike had lost the battle, the boy emperor`s grandmother resolved not to be caught by the enemy alive. " Where are you to take me?" asked the boy emperor. Blinded by tears, the child emperor recited a Buddah prayer, then prayed to the east, then to the west to say farewell to the Buddah. Lady Ni took him in her arms, and with the words: "  In the depths of the ocean is our capital." They jumped together into the sea and drowned. Then followed a frenzied mass suicide by the remaining Heike forces. Only 43 Heike survived, all women in waiting. They were reduced to selling flowers and other favours to the local fisher folk. Each year on April 24th a ceremony is held, at a shrine near the scene of the battle, to commemorate the child emperor`s short life.

## After his death
The story of Emperor Antoku and his mother's family is told in *The Tale of the Heike*.

## Eras of Antoku's reign
The years of Antoku's reign reign include more than one era name.
* *Jishō*  (1177–1181)
* *Yōwa*  (1181–1182)
* *Juei*       (1182–1184)
* *Genryaku*   (1184–1185)
* *Bunji*      (1185–1190)

## Related pages
* Emperor of Japan
* List of emperors of Japan
* Japanese imperial family tree
* Insei

## Notes and references
 symbol of the Japanese emperor and his family.]]

## Other websites
Park Cytadela

**Park Cytadela** (Polish for *citadel*) is the largest park in Poznań. It is on the site of the former Fort Winiary (Poznań Fortress).