open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kulfi

**Kulfi** is kind of ice cream dessert that originated in India from 16th century. Sometimes the kulpi is called "traditional Indian ice cream". The Indian food in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Middle East and in Indian restaurants around the world. The texture of this ice cream is hard and similar to "Bastani sonnati (Persian ice cream)" and Mastic ice creams aim to delay melting.

The shellfish is similar in texture and taste to ice cream but it is thicker and creamier than today's ice cream. The confetti can be found in a variety of flavors: cream (Malay), rose, mango, cardam, saffron and pistachio. In the past, it was also customary to feel peeled in more modern flavors apple, orange, strawberry, peanut and avocado. Unlike modern ice cream, the Kulfi is not whipped with thicker Marco and is reminiscent of traditional pudding ice cream. Its texture and main compressibility make the pulpy edible Cold Our man melts in a theme and quickly like modern western ice cream.

## Related pages 
* Bastani sonnati 
* Mastic ice creams
Cortland, Illinois

**Cortland** is an incorporated town in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. The population was 4,398 at the 2020 Census. 

## References
Dirweyn

**Dirweyn** is one of the four big tribes in Somalia. Dirweyn means *greater Dir*. Dirweyn is made up of two tribes called Isaaq and Dir. The other three big tribes in Somalia are the *bulshada Koofur Orsi*, the Darood and the Hawiye. Isaaq borders Warsangeli and reer darawiish to the east, the Ogaden to the south and the Gadabuursi to the west.

## References
Southern District (Botswana)

**Southern** is one of the districts of Botswana. The capital city is Kanye.

There are three sub-districts: Barolong, Ngwaketse and Ngwaketse West.

## References
Cape May County, New Jersey

**Cape May County** is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its county seat is the Cape May Court House section of Middle Township.

## References
Kweneng District

**Kweneng** is one of the districts of Botswana. The capital city is Molepolole.

There are two sub-districts: Kweneng East and Kweneng West. Towns are: Gabane, Kopong, Mogoditshane, and Thamaga.

## References
Kgatleng District

**Kgatleng** is one of the districts of Botswana. The capital city is Mochudi.

The tourist and game reserves in the region are Oodi Weavers and Matsieng footprints.

The district has no sub-districts.

## References
Central District (Botswana)

**Central** is a district in Botswana. The capital city is Serowe. It is the largest district and has the most people of any other district in Botswana.

Some important tourist attractions are: Francistown, Selebi-Phikwe, Solomon's Wall, Moremi Gorge, and Mashatu Game Reserve.

The six sub-districts of Central are: Bobonong, Boteti, Mahalapye, Orapa, Serowe Palapye and Tutume.

## Notable people
*former President Sir Seretse Khama
*former President Festus Mogae
*former President Lt. General Seretse Ian Khama

## References
North-East District (Botswana)

The **North-East District** is a district of Botswana. Its capital is Francistown.

There are two sub-districts - the Francistown Subdistrict and the North-East Subdistrict. In the 2011 census, 43 villages were listed for the district.
North-West District (Botswana)

The **North-West District** or **Ngamiland** is a district in Botswana. The capital city is Maun.

Ngamiland is subdivided into Ngamiland East, Ngamiland West and Ngamiland Delta (Okavango).

Important tourist attractions include Tsodilo Hills, the Moremi Game Reserve, and the Gchwihaba (Drotsky's) Caves.

## References
South-East District (Botswana)

**South-East** is one of the districts of Botswana. The capital city is Ramotswa. The capital city of Botswana, Gaborone, is surrounded by this district.

Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Gaborone Game Reserve and Manyelanong Game Reserve are the major tourist places in the district.

There are two sub-districts: Ramotswa and Tlokweng. The villages under each sub-district are:
* Ramotswa sub-district: Mogobane, Ramotswa, Ramotswa Station/Taung
* Tlokweng sub-district: Otse, Tlokweng

## References
Kgalagadi District

**Kgalagadi** is a district in southwest Botswana. The administrative center is Tsabong.

Kgalagadi covers a large part of the Kalahari Desert. More than one-third of the district is covered by the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Other tourist attractions include Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Deception Valley, and Khutse Game Reserve.

There are two sub-districts - Kgalagadi North and Kgalagadi South.

## References
Chobe District

**Chobe District** is a district in Botswana. The capital city is Kasane.

Chobe National Park is in the Chobe District. Other tourist attractions are Pandamatenga Farms, Lesoma Memorial Monument, Kasane Hot Springs and Chobe River.

Chobe district was established in July 2008 and is not sub-divided.

## References
Districts of Botswana

Botswana is divided into 17 administrative districts: 10 rural districts and 7 urban districts. These are administered by 16 local authorities (district councils, city councils or town councils).

## References
Ilagan

**Ilagan** (; ; ), officially the **City of Ilagan**, and simply referred to as **Ilagan City**, is the capital of the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the , it has  people living there.

## References
Ghanzi District

**Ghanzi** (sometimes **Gantsi**) is a district in western Botswana. The capital city is also named Ghanzi.

Most of the eastern half of Ghanzi is the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. Deception Valley, Ghanzi Craft, and Khutse Game Reserve are other major tourist attractions.

Ghanzi is divided into Charles Hill Sub-District and Ghanzi Sub-District.

## References
Freisen

**Freisen** is a municipality of the district of Sankt Wendel, in Saarland, Germany.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Clallam County, Washington

]]
]]

**Clallam County** is a county in Washington in the United States. The county seat is Port Angeles. 77,155 people lived there at the 2020 census.

The name Clallam means "the strong people" in Klallam.

## References
Port Angeles, Washington

**Port Angeles** is a town in the state of Washington. It is the county seat of Clallam County, Washington, and is its largest settlement.

## Media
The local newspaper is the *Peninsula Daily News*, at first the *Port Angeles Evening News* (founded 1916). The *Peninsula Daily News* publishes  6 days a week and hosts a website for the North Olympic Peninsula.

Newsradio 1450 KONP has news, sports, information and talk programming.

The Strait 102 KSTI is an FM radio station playing country music in the area.

## Gallery

File:Portangeles washington.jpg|The Harbour and the Olympic Mountains
File:Aerial view of Port Angeles.jpg|Aerial view of Port Angeles
File:Port Angeles August 2007.jpg|Early morning at the docks
File:Crossroads in Port Angeles.jpg|A crossroads in Port Angeles
File:PortAngelesPierOlympics.jpg|Port Angeles from the pier tower

## References
De Land, Illinois

**De Land** is a village in Illinois in the United States.

## Demography 
As of the 2010 census, there were 446 people residing in De Land. The population density was 418.98/km². Of the 446 residents, De Land was made up of 98.43% White, 0.22% African American, 0% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0% were from other races, and 0.9% were from two or more races. Of the total population, 1.12% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

## References
Baker, Montana

**Baker** is a town in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Fallon County. In 2020, 1,802 people lived there.

Nearby Medicine Rocks State Park has many unusual sandstone rock formations.

## References
Choteau, Montana

**Choteau** is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Teton County. About 1,700 people lived there in 2020.

It is named for French fur-trapper and explorer Pierre Chouteau, Jr.

## Notable residents
* John Edward Erickson, Governor of Montana
* A.B. Guthrie Jr., American novelist
* David Letterman, late night talk show host
* J. K. Ralston, western painter
Billy Tauzin

**Wilbert Joseph Tauzin II** (; born June 14, 1943) is an American lobbyist and politician. He was the President and CEO of PhRMA, a pharmaceutical company lobby group. Tauzin was also a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1980 to 2005, representing Louisiana's 3rd congressional district.

## References
John Prine

**John Prine** (October 10, 1946 – April 7, 2020) was an American country folk singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Maywood, Illinois but raised in Chicago. His music was often seen as protest and social commentary. He began making music for Atlantic Records in 1971. In 1984 he co-founded Oh Boy Records, an independent record label. In 1992 and 2006, Prine won a Grammy Award.

## Later life
In 1998, he was diagnosed with a form of melanoma in the neck. In 2013, he discovered he had lung cancer.

On March 26, 2020, Prine was hospitalized with COVID-19. Two days later, his health was reported as critical. On April 7, 2020, he died of the disease in Nashville, Tennessee. He was 73.

## Discography
;Studio albums
**The Missing Years (1991 )
**The Tree of Forgiveness'' (2018)

## References
Lanny D. Schmidt

**Lanny D. Schmidt** (May 6, 1938 – March 27, 2020) was an American chemist, inventor and author. He was the Regents Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota. He was well known for his work in surface science, chemical reaction engineering, catalysis, and renewable energy. 

## References
## Other websites
*Schmidt Research Group at the University of Minnesota
*Lanny D. Schmidt Biographical Documentary () ()
*Scientific American: 50 scientific leaders of 2004
Cape May Court House, New Jersey

**Cape May Court House** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Middle Township in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the CDP's population was 5,573. It is the county seat of Cape May County. 

## References
National Council (Switzerland)

The **National Council** (, , , ) is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, the upper house being the Council of States. With 200 seats, the National Council is the larger of the two houses.

Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called *National Councillors* for four year terms. These members are apportioned to the Swiss cantons in proportion to their population.

## References
Federal Assembly (Switzerland)

The **Federal Assembly** (, , , ) is Switzerland's federal legislature. It meets in Bern in the Federal Palace.

The Federal Assembly is bicameral, being made-up of the 200-seat National Council and the 46-seat Council of States. The houses have same powers. Members of both houses represent the cantons.

## Other websites
* Official website
Council of States (Switzerland)

The **Council of States** (, , , ) is the smaller chamber of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland. It is thought to be the Assembly's upper house, with the National Council being the lower house. It comprises 46 members.

## References
Attilio Bignasca

**Attilio Bignasca** (1 November 1943 – 29 March 2020) was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Ticino League. He was the brother of Giuliano Bignasca. He was elected to the National Council, and represented the Canton of Ticino between 1991 and 2019. He was born in Viganello, Switzerland.

Bignasca died on 29 March 2020 at the age of 76.

## References
Jean-François Cesarini

**Jean-François Cesarini** (30 September 1970 &ndash; 29 March 2020) was a French politician. He was a member of the La République En Marche! (LREM). He was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the department of Vaucluse. Cesarini was born in Avignon, France.

Cesarini died on 29 March 2020 of cancer in Paris at the age of 49.

## References
Joe Diffie

**Joe Logan Diffie** (December 28, 1958 – March 29, 2020) was an American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was best known for his singles "Home", "If the Devil Danced (In Empty Pockets)", "Third Rock from the Sun", "Pickup Man" (his longest-lasting number-one song, at four weeks) and "Bigger Than the Beatles". 

He also co-wrote singles for Holly Dunn, Tim McGraw, and Jo Dee Messina, and recorded with Mary Chapin Carpenter, George Jones, and Marty Stuart. He won a Grammy Award in 1998.

Diffie released seven studio albums, a Christmas album, and a greatest-hits package under the Epic label. He also released one studio album each through Monument Records, Broken Bow Records, and Rounder Records. 

During the coronavirus pandemic, Diffie was diagnosed with COVID-19 on March 27, 2020. He died two days later of the infection at a Nashville, Tennessee hospital at the age of 61.

## References
Ken Shimura

(born , February 20, 1950 – March 29, 2020) was a Japanese comedian. He co-starred with Masashi Tashiro, Nobuyoshi Kuwano in the Japanese variety show *Shimura Ken no Bakatono-sama*. He was known for starring in Hachiji Da Yo! Zen'in Shugo! with the comedy group The Drifters and Fun TV with Kato-chan and Ken-chan with Cha Kato. Shimura was born in Tokyo.

Shimura was diagnosed with COVID-19 on March 23, 2020 while hospitalized for pneumonia in Tokyo. He died six days later from the infection at the age of 70.

## References
Zach Woods

**Zachary Woods** (born September 25, 1984) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his roles as Gabe Lewis for three seasons on the NBC sitcom *The Office* and as Jared Dunn on the HBO comedy series *Silicon Valley*. 

## References
Mukim

A **mukim** is a type of administrative division. It is used in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The closest English translation for mukim is township.

## References
Belait District

**Belait District** is a district in Brunei. The capital city is Kuala Belait. It is the largest district in Brunei.

The South China Sea is to the north. The Belait River flows through Belait and it is the longest river in Brunei.

The district is further divided into 8 mukims or subdistricts, namely:

* Bukit Sawat
* Kuala Balai
* Kuala Belait
* Labi
* Liang
* Melilas
* Seria
* Sukang

## References
Brunei-Muara District

**Brunei-Muara** is a district in Brunei. The capital city is Bandar Seri Begawan, which is also the capital of the country. It is the smallest district but has the most people.

The largest and deepest port in Brunei is the Muara Port.

As of July 2007, there are 18 *mukims*, or subdistricts.
The mukims are:
* Berakas A
* Berakas B
* Gadong A
* Gadong B
* Kianggeh
* Kilanas
* Kota Batu
* Lumapas
* Mentiri
* Pengkalan Batu
* Sengkurong
* Serasa
* Burong Pingai Ayer ¹
* Peramu ¹
* Saba ¹
* Sungai Kebun ¹
* Sungai Kedayan ¹
* Tamoi ¹
¹ - Water village *mukims*

## References
Temburong District

**Temburong District** is a district in Brunei. The capital city is Bangar.

Temburong is an exclave. It is separated from the rest of Brunei by Malaysia and Brunei Bay. The Temburong River flows through the district, and the Sungai Pandaruan river forms the western border. Brunei's first national park, the Ulu Temburong National Park, is in the south of the Temburong district.

Temburong is divided into five *mukim* (subdistricts):

* Amo
* Bangar
* Batu Apoi
* Bokok
* Labu

## References
Tutong District

**Tutong District** is a district in Brunei. The capital city is Pekan Tutong.

The Tutong River flows through the district. Tutong has the largest lake in Brunei, Tasek Merimbun. It has the Tasek Merimbun Heritage Park.

## Mukims
Tutong District is divided into 8 mukims or subdistricts, namely:

* Keriam
* Kiudang
* Lamunin
* Pekan Tutong
* Rambai
* Tanjong Maya
* Telisai
* Ukong

## References
Yves Poilane

**Yves Poilane** (born 11 December 1959) is a French manager and President of universities. He is the former Director of the technological department of the IONIS Education Group, the first group in France for private higher education.

Poilane graduated from *École Polytechnique*. He also graduated from *Télécom ParisTech* with a Master's degree. He has a career in telecommunications.
In 1989, he moved to higher education by joining *Telecom Bretagne* as Deputy Manager.
Then, he became CEO of *Télécom ParisTech* in 2007 before joining IONIS Education Group in 2019. He retires in December 2023, replaced by Philippe Jamet.

## References
Turkwel River

town in Turkana County, Kenya]]
The **Turkwel River** (sometimes spelled **Turkwell River**) is a river flowing from Mount Elgon in the border of Kenya and Uganda to Lake Turkana. The river is called the Suam River from its source to the border with the West Pokot County of Kenya. The name Turkwel is derived from the Turkana name for the river, *Tir-kol*, which means translates to a river that "withstands the wilderness".

## References
Apoplexy

**Apoplexy** means bleeding from an internal organ. Formerly, apoplexy referred to a stroke. It sometimes referred to someone who was very mad. The word *apoplexy* comes from the Greek *apoplexia* meaning a seizure, in the sense of being struck down. In Greek *plexe* is "a stroke.

## References
Ogre

]]
An **ogre** is fictional monster. A female ogre is called **ogress**. Most stories say ogres eat humans, including small children and babies. The word originally comes from French: Charles Perrault mentioned an Ogre in his fairy tale, Little thumbling, published in 1697. In that story, the word has also been translated as giant.
Vineland, New Jersey

**Vineland** is a city in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total population of 60,780. Vineland, Millville and Bridgeton are the three main New Jersey cities of the Vineland–Millville–Bridgeton metropolitan statistical area.

## References
Bridgeton, New Jersey

**Bridgeton** is a city in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city's population was 27,263. It is the county seat of Cumberland County. 

Bridgeton, Millville, and Vineland are the three main cities of the Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton metropolitan statistical area.

## References
Grim Sleeper

**Lonnie David Franklin Jr.** (August 30, 1952 &ndash; March 28, 2020), better known by the nickname **Grim Sleeper**, was a convicted American serial killer. He was responsible for at least ten murders and one attempted murder in Los Angeles, California. He was also convicted for rape and sexual violence. Franklin earned his nickname when he appeared to have taken a 14-year break from his crimes, from 1988 to 2002.

In July 2010, Franklin was arrested as a suspect, and, after many delays, his trial began in February 2016. On May 5, 2016, the jury convicted him of killing nine women and one teenage girl. 

On June 6, 2016, the jury recommended the death penalty, and on August 10, 2016, the Los Angeles Superior Court sentenced him to death. On March 28, 2020, he was found unresponsive in his cell at San Quentin and pronounced dead at the age of 67.

## References
Deer Lodge, Montana

**Deer Lodge** is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Powell County. About 2,900 people lived there in 2020. 

Deer Lodge is home to the Montana State Prison. Grant–Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site is also nearby.
Plentywood, Montana

**Plentywood** is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Sheridan County. About 1,700 people lived there in 2020.

The first business in Plentywood opened in 1900, and a post office was established two years later. The city incorporated in 1912, following the arrival of a Great Northern Railway branch line.

## References
Polson, Montana

**Polson** is a city in the U.S. state of Montana. It is the county seat of Lake County. As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 5,148 people living there. It is on the southern shore of Flathead Lake.

## References
Ronan, Montana

**Ronan** is a city in Montana in the United States. It is in Lake County. About 2,000 people lived there in 2020. 

Ronan on the Flathead Indian Reservation about 12 miles south of Flathead Lake.
Columnist (media)

A **columnist** is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions.

## Audio-visual 
The activity of columnist, at the origin of written press, can also be exerted on the radio or on television.

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Society of Newspaper Columnists
Poplar, Montana

**Poplar** is a city in Montana in the United States. It is in Roosevelt County. About 750 people lived there in 2020.

Poplar is the seat for the Fort Peck Sioux and Assiniboine Tribes. This includes the tribal law enforcement agency, courthouse, and the Fort Peck Reservation correctional facility.

The Poplar River joins the Missouri River near town.

## References
Red Lodge, Montana

**Red Lodge** is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Carbon County. As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,257 people.

Red Lodge is a gateway to Yellowstone National Park via the Beartooth Highway.

## References
Troy, Montana

]]
**Troy** is a city in Montana in the United States. It is in Lincoln County. About 800 people lived there in 2020.

The Kootanai River flows along the town.
Brent Crude

s since May 1987]]

**Brent Crude** is a major trading classification of crude oil. It is one of the two main benchmark prices for purchases of oil worldwide, the other being West Texas Intermediate. This is described as light because of its low density, and sweet because of its low sulphur content.

## References
West Texas Intermediate

**West Texas intermediate** (**WTI**), also known as **Texas light sweet**, is a grade of oil used as a benchmark in oil pricing. This grade is described as light crude oil because of its relatively low density, and sweet because of its low sulfur content. It is the underlying commodity of New York Mercantile Exchange's oil futures contracts.

The price of WTI is often included in news reports on oil prices, alongside the price of Brent crude from the North Sea.

## Notes
Daniel Azulay

**Daniel Azulay** (May 30, 1947 &ndash; March 27, 2020) was a Brazilian visual artist, comic book artist, and  educator. He was known for the children's franchise *Turma do Lambe-Lambe*. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. In 1968, he created the newspaper strip Capitão Cipó, published in the newspaper *Correio da Manhã* and in 1975, launched the Turma do Lambe-Lambe. In 2013, he created the Diboo website (www.diboo.com.br), an online drawing course for children.

Azulay died of COVID-19 on March 27, 2020, aged 72, in Rio de Janeiro, after being hospitalized for leukemia.

## References
William Stern (businessman)

**William George Stern** (born **Vilmos György Stern**, 2 July 1935 – 21 March 2020) was a Hungarian-born British businessman. He was known as the owner of the British **Stern Group** of companies. When the company fell in 1973, Stern became Britain's biggest bankrupt with debts of £118&nbsp;million. Stern was the reason for the creation of Britain's first Policyholders' Protection Act.

He died on 21 March 2020 from COVID-19.

## References
Mohamed Farah (footballer)

**Abdulkadir Mohamed Farah** (15 February 1961 – 24 March 2020) was a Somali footballer. He was born in Beledweyne, Somalia. Farah began his career in 1976. He played at the regional level before playing club football for Batroolka. He also represented the Somali national team.

Farah died in a hospital in London from COVID-19 on 24 March 2020, aged 59.

## References
Hamish Wilson

**Hamish Wilson** (13 December 1942 – 26 March 2020) was a Scottish actor and radio producer. He was born in Glasgow. He was best known for briefly playing the role of Jamie McCrimmon for part of two episodes in the 1968 *Doctor Who* serial "The Mind Robber". He replaced Frazer Hines for a short period. His other work includes include *Softly, Softly* and *Monarch of the Glen*.

Wilson became a radio producer, working with Radio Forth and Radio Clyde before moving to BBC Radio Scotland in 1989; he later also became a senior producer for BBC Radio 3 and BBC Radio 4.

Wilson died from COVID-19 near his home in Rutherglen, Lanarkshire on 26 March 2020, aged 77.

## References
Robert H. Garff

**Robert Heiner Garff** (September 15, 1942 – March 29, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He was chair of the Ken Garff Automotive Group. He was a member of the Utah House of Representatives from 1978 to 1987, where from 1985 to 1987 he was Spekaer. Garff was a member of the Republican Party. He was chairman of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the 2002 Winter Olympics. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Garff died of COVID-19 in Salt Lake City on March 29, 2020 at the age of 77.

## References
Francis Rapp

**Francis Rapp** (27 June 1926 – 29 March 2020) was a French medievalist historian. His works focused in the history of Alsace and Medieval Germany. He was an *Emeritus* professor at University of Neuchâtel. He was a member of the Academy of Inscriptions and Fine Letters, beginning in 1993. Rapp was also a member of the editorial board of the review *Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte*.

Rapp was born in Strasbourg, France. He died of COVID-19 on 29 March 2020 in Angers, aged 93.

## References
Joe Ashton

**Joseph William Ashton**  (9 October 1933 – 30 March 2020), usually known as **Joe Ashton**, was a British Labour Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1968 to 2001 representing Bassetlaw. He was born in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire. In 2007, Ashton was appointed an OBE.

Ashton died on 30 March 2020, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
* Interview BBC Radio Four, 17 July 2009.
* Joe Ashton interview at History of Parliament Online
Max Engman

**Max Robert Engman** (27 September 1945 – 19 March 2020) was a Finnish historian and translator. He was born in Helsinki. 

Engman worked at the Finnish national archives in Helsinki from 1968 to 1973. He was appointed professor 1985 in general history at Åbo Akademi. His works focused in Finnish–Russian relations and the European empires. 

He was known as a subeditor for *Historisk Tidskrift för Finland* from 1971 to 1982 and the journals editor in chief 1982 to 2000.

Engman died on 19 March 2020 in Helsinki at the age of 74.

## References
Al Green

**Albert Leornes Greene** (born April 13, 1946), often known as **Al Green** or **The Reverend Al Green**, is an American singer-songwriter and record producer. He is best known for recording a series of soul hit singles in the early 1970s, including "Take Me to the River", "Tired of Being Alone", "I'm Still in Love with You", "Love and Happiness", and his signature song, "Let's Stay Together".

## References
Schöndorf, Rhineland-Palatinate

**Schöndorf** is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 773 people lived there.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Leon County

**Leon County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Leon County, Florida
* Leon County, Texas
Hampshire County

**Hampshire County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Hampshire County, Massachusetts
* Hampshire County, West Virginia

## Other 
* Hampshire, a county in England
Have You Seen This Snail?

"**Have You Seen This Snail?**" is the third episode of the fourth season of *SpongeBob SquarePants*. It was first shown on television on November 11, 2005. The episode guest starred Amy Poehler as a granny in the episode. The episode was watched by 8 million viewers, being the most rated program on television for the year of 2005 behind the Super Bowl.

## Plot 
SpongeBob gets a paddle ball from the mail and plays with it. He plays with the paddle ball so much that he forgets to feed his pet Gary. Gary decides to run away from home. SpongeBob wakes up from the paddle ball when Patrick comes into his house. SpongeBob can not find Gary is his home and later finds a note from Gary that says he is finding a new owner. Later, Gary enters a new city and gets found by a gang of snails. A nice old lady finds Gary and takes him to her house, thinking that he is her pet Miss Tuftsy. At the Krusty Krab, SpongeBob is sad at work because Gary is missing. Mr. Krabs tells him that problems can be solved with hard work. SpongeBob thinks he is talking about Gary, so SpongeBob and Patrick put posters around the town in hopes of finding Gary.

The old lady feeds Gary a lot. She puts down posters given to her by Patrick. Gary reads them and finds out that SpongeBob really does love him. Gary tries to leave, but he gets trapped in a closet and finds snail shells. He realizes that the old lady is trying to fatten him and eat him. Gary gets out of her house, but the lady chases him down the street. Gary finds one of the gang snails and tricks the lady into thinking the gang snail is Miss Tuftsy. Back home, SpongeBob gives up on finding Gary, but he keeps having memories of him. SpongeBob hears a meow and thinks that he is imagining the meow. He turns around and finds Gary and becomes happy to see Gary again.

## Feedback 
David Johnson of DVD Verdict said the "disc [based off of the episode] will most definitely sell itself." Paul Mavis of DVD Talk talks about the scene where Gary has to escape the old lady's house and said "it's both funny and rather touching."

## References
Jettingen (disambiguation)

**Jettingen** is the name of two places in Europe:
* Jettingen, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
* Jettingen, Haut-Rhin, a commune in the Grand Est region, France

## Other 
* Jettingen-Scheppach, a municipality in Bavaria, Germany
Monroe County, Indiana

**Monroe County** is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, 139,718 people lived there. The county seat is Bloomington.

## References
Kirchberg

**Kirchberg** can mean:

## Austria 
* Kirchberg am Wagram, a market town in Lower Austria
* Kirchberg am Walde, a market town in Lower Austria
* Kirchberg am Wechsel, a market town in Lower Austria
* Kirchberg an der Pielach, a market town in Lower Austria
* Kirchberg an der Raab, a municipality in Styria
* Kirchberg in Tirol, a municipality in Tyrol
* Kirchberg bei Mattighofen, a municipality in Upper Austria
* Kirchberg ob der Donau, a municipality in Upper Austria
* Kirchberg-Thening, a municipality in Upper Austria

## France 
* Kirchberg, Haut-Rhin, a commune in Haut-Rhin

## Germany 
* Kirchberg an der Iller, a municipality in Biberach,  Baden-Württemberg
* Kirchberg an der Murr, a municipality in Rems-Murr, Baden-Württemberg
* Kirchberg an der Jagst, a town in Schwäbisch Hall, Baden-Württemberg
* Kirchberg, Upper Bavaria, a municipality in the Erding, Bavaria
* Kirchberg im Wald, a municipality in Regen, Bavaria
* Kirchberg (Bensheim), a mountain in Bergstraße, Hesse
* Kirchberg, Rhein-Hunsrück, a town in Rhein-Hunsrück, Rhineland-Palatinate
* Kirchberg, Saxony, a town in Zwickau, Saxony

## Switzerland 
* Kirchberg, Bern, a municipality in Emmental, Bern
* Kirchberg, St. Gallen, a municipality in Toggenburg, St. Gallen

## United States 
* Kirchberg (Pennsylvania), a mountain

## Other 
* Kilchberg
Conrad, Montana

**Conrad** is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Pondera County. About 2,300 people lived there in 2020.

## Notable people
* LeRoy H. Anderson, United States Congressman from Montana
* Scott Curry, American football player
* Wylie Gustafson, country and western singer
Glendive, Montana

**Glendive** is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Dawson County. Almost 5,000 people lived there according to census in 2020.

The Yellowstone River flows through the town. Makoshika State Park is to the east.

## Notable people
* Tim M. Babcock, 16th Governor of Montana
* Adam Morrison, professional basketball player
* Alfred E. Perlman, President, New York Central Railroad, President Western Pacific Railroad

## References
Blagoevgrad Province

**Blagoevgrad Province** is a province (*oblast*) of southwestern Bulgaria. The administrative centre is Blagoevgrad.

The province has 14 municipalities with 12 towns. Significant towns include Bansko, Gotse Delchev, Melnik, Petrich, Razlog, Sandanski, and Simitli.

There are several mountains, or parts of mountains, in the province. These are Rila, Pirin, the Rhodopes, Slavyanka, Belasitsa, Vlahina, Maleshevo, Ograzhden and Stargach. There are two major rivers, Struma River and Mesta River.

## Municipalities 
The Blagoevgrad province has 14 municipalities. The following table shows the names of each municipality, the main town (in bold) or village, and the population of each as of 2011.

### Notable people from Blagoevgrad Province 
*Paisiy Hilendarski (1722–1773)
*Neofit Rilski (1793–1881)
*Georgi Izmirliev (1851–1876)
*Boris Sarafov (1872–1907)
*Jane Sandanski (1872–1915)
*Nikola Vaptsarov (1909–1942)
*Georgi Pirinski (1948)
*Rosen Plevneliev (1964)

## References
To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants

"**To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants**" is the second part of the sixteenth episode of the sixth season of *SpongeBob SquarePants*. It was first shown on television on July 17, 2009 as a part of the television marathon called "The Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash Weekend." A DVD version of the episode was made on July 21, 2009 and has other season six episodes in it.

## Plot 
A narrator tells about the time SpongeBob changes his pants by starting with SpongeBob puttting his pairs of pants in a dryer. Patrick calls him and makes noises with his tongue. When Patrick stops, SpongeBob checks the dryer and finds out his pants have shrunk. A mall worker tells him that square pants will not be shipped in months. SpongeBob then looks around the mall for a different type of pants. He ends up finding a pair of round pants and decides to buy them. SpongeBob later meets Patrick, who does not recognize him in his round pants. Sandy and Squidward pretend to not recognize him either. Patrick won't let SpongeBob in his house because he says the house belongs to SpongeBob SquarePants.

SpongeBob thinks no one will recognize him in his round pants, so he goes to the Krusty Krab to get hired again. Mr. Krabs does not pretend to not recognize SpongeBob and tells him to get to work. Squidward shows SpongeBob how to be a bad worker without telling him in hopes of getting him fired. Mr. Krabs catches Squidward and SpongeBob sleeping on the job and gets mad. SpongeBob tells Mr. Krabs that he can not be "SpongeBob SquarePants" because of his round pants. Mr. Krabs tells him to just take off his round pants, leaving him in his underwear. Sandy teases SpongeBob by calling him "SpongeBob UnderPants," making him scream and ending the episode.

## Feedback 
Paul Mavis of DVD Talk gave a positive response and says that "There are laughs in 'To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants.'" Judge Gordon Sullivan of DVD Verdict gave the episode a score of 5 out of 10 and said that "[the episode] was one of the slighter entries [on the DVD] with the core joke being fairly well-handled with no one recognizing SpongeBob, but it went on just a little too long."

## References
Dobrich Province

**Dobrich Province** is a province in northeastern Bulgaria. The capital city is also named Dobrich.

## Municipalities
The Dobrich province has eight municipalities. The following table shows the names of each municipality, the main town (in bold) or village, and the population of each in December 2009.

## References
Burgas Province

**Burgas Province** is a province in southeastern Bulgaria. The capital city is Burgas.

## Municipalities
There are 13 municipalities in the province. The following table shows the names of each municipality, the main town or village (towns are shown in bold), and the population of each as of 2009.

## References
Playdate (console)

**Playdate** is an handheld video game console by Panic that came out in 2020, however it was delayed from releasing to most people until April 18, 2022. It was first introduced on May 22, 2019 on the cover of Edge magazine. Panic worked with Teenage Engineering, a Swedish consumer electronics company, to design the Playdate.

The Playdate has a black-and-white 1-bit screen, 4 way directional pad, two game buttons, and a mechanical crank on the side.

## Technical specifications 
The Playdate allows games that are not part of a season to be sideloaded without needing to jailbreak it. Games were made using an SDK that came with a simulator and debugger and worked with C and Lua, programming languages. It is only available with the developer kit for Mac. However, in a response, Playdate said they were open to creating software for Windows, and compiling was already available, and the simulator is a work in progress.

The screen technology used is Sharp's Memory LCD, which has some features of e-paper displays. Each pixel can remember if it is black or white without having to be refreshed, resulting in faster refreshing and lower power usage, whilst also being "viewable in any light, from edge-of-vision darkness to brightest sunlight" and having a wide 170° viewing angle.

## Games 
Games for the handheld came out in 12-game "seasons". A new game was sent over Wi-Fi every week. Each game's contents was kept secret until the week it came out, and would be automatically downloaded. The first season of games were included in the price of the console. Video games were made by Panic, and notable indie game developers such as Keita Takahashi, Zach Gage, Bennett Foddy, Shaun Inman, and Chuck Jordan. Later game titles included ''Crankin's Time Travel Adventure*, *b360*, *Zipper*, *Executive Golf DX, Snak, and Sasquatchers*.

## Ideals 
In a developer survey, Panic said they would like to include games by underrepresented developers, and said season one would contain games by women, and games by "queer/trans/enby" people.

## Criticism 
In May 2019, Panic were told off after the details of an email they had sent to an indie video game event that was also named Playdate said to change *their'' name to avoid confusion. The next day, one of Panic's founders cancelled the request, saying "My intention was always to find a way for our Playdates to co-exist [...] but we remain fine with you using the name Playdate." On January 29, 2020, the team behind the event (now named "Playdate Pop Up") announced Panic were joining the event as a sponsor, and would help the event to be considered as non-profit.

## References
Maura Tierney

**Maura Lynn Tierney** (born February 3, 1965) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Lisa Miller on the sitcom *NewsRadio* (1995–1999), Abby Lockhart on the medical drama *ER* (1999–2009), and Helen Solloway on the mystery drama *The Affair* (2014–2019). She won a Golden Globe Award.

Tierney was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She had surgery to remove a tumor from her breast in 2009.

## References
Cody Horn

**Cody Harrell Horn** (born June 12, 1988) is an American actress and model. She was born in Los Angeles, California. 

She has appeared on *Rescue Me* and guest starred on three episodes of *The Office*. She also played Lynetta Loski in the 2010 movie *Flipped* and starred as Michelle, in the James Wan produced horror thriller movie *Demonic*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Lindsey Broad

**Lindsey Broad** is an American actress. She is best known for her role as flirtatious temp Cathy Simms on the NBC series *The Office*. Her movie credits include *21 Jump Street*, *Don Jon*, and *Get Him to the Greek*. She also starred on the Fox sitcom, '''Til Death*, and appeared opposite Stephen Merchant on the HBO series *Hello Ladies*.

She starred as Karen Rosenberg on the IFC series *Benders'', which was cancelled in 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*
Robert California

**Robert California**, also known as **Bob Kazamakis**, is a fictional character on the U.S. comedy television series *The Office*, played by James Spader. In the eighth season, Robert becomes CEO of Saber. In the eighth-season finale, California leaves the company after David Wallace buys Dunder Mifflin.

## References
List of presidents of the Republic of the Congo

This is a **list of presidents of the Republic of the Congo** since the creation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day.

A total of six people have been President of the Republic of the Congo.

## Key
;*Political parties*
*
*
*
*

;*Other factions*
*

;*Status*
*

## List
## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*World Statesmen (Congo-Brazzaville)
Qi

**Qi** ("Chi" or "Ki") is an esoteric energy field or power source in Chinese mysticism. Qi is usually interpreted as "vital life force", but can also generally refer to energy and physical power in the universe. 

Qi is a major concept in Chinese acupuncture, which focuses on stimulating pressure points in the body in order to regulate Qi flow for good health. The concept of Qi also plays a part in Qigong and Feng shui.
## References
President of Syria

The **President of Syria** is the head of state of the Syrian Arab Republic. He appoints and can fire the Prime Minister and other members of the Council of Ministers (the cabinet) and military officers.

Bashar al-Assad was president for twenty-four years until being forced out of office following the success of the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives.

On 29 January 2025, Ahmed al-Sharaa was appointed as the president of Syria for the transitional government.

## List
List of heads of state of Syria

## References
List of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo

This is a **list of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo** since the formation of the post of prime minister in 1963, to the present day.

A total of sixteen people have been the Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (not counting one acting prime minister).

## Key
;*Political parties*
*
*
*
*
*
*

;*Other factions*
*
*

;*Status*
*

## List
## Other websites
*World Statesmen (Congo-Brazzaville)
Imad Khamis

**Imad Mohammad Deeb Khamis** (; born 1 August 1961) is a Syrian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Syria from 2016 to 2020 under President Bashar al-Assad. He was Minister of Electricity from 2011 to 2016.

## References
Rayo Vallecano

**Rayo Vallecano de Madrid, S.A.D.** (), often abbreviated to **Rayo**, is a Spanish football club which plays in Madrid, in the neighbourhood of Vallecas. Rayo was founded on 29 May 1924, and currently compete in Segunda División following relegation from La Liga. Home games are held at the 14,708-seater Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas stadium.

Rayo has competed in one European competition, the UEFA Cup in the 2000–01 season. The club made it to the quarter-finals before losing to fellow Spanish club Alavés 4–2 on aggregate.

## Notes 
## References
Abdul Rauf al-Kasm

**Abdul Rauf al-Kasm** () (1932 &ndash; 19 October 2025) was a Syrian architect, academic and politician. He was Prime Minister of Syria during the 1980s during Hafez al-Assad. He was born in Damascus, Syria. 

Kasm died on 19 October 2025 in Munich, Germany at the age of 93.

## References
Mahmoud al-Ayyubi

**Mahmoud al-Ayyubi** () (1932 – 11 October 2013) was a Syrian politician. He was Prime Minister of Syria from 21 December 1972 to 7 August 1976 under the presidency of Hafez Al-Asad.

## References
Joachim Yhombi-Opango

**Jacques Joachim Yhombi Opango** (12 January 1939 – 30 March 2020) was a Congolese politician. He was Head of State of the People's Republic of the Congo from 1977 to 1979. He was the President of the Rally for Democracy and Development (RDD). From 1993 to 1996, he was Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo. Yhombi-Opango was born in Owando, Cuvette Region, French Equatorial Africa.

Yhombi-Opango died in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France of COVID-19 on 30 March 2020, aged 81.

## References
Roger Baens

**Roger Baens** (18 August 1933 – 28 March 2020) was a Belgian cyclist. He was born in Molenstede, Belgium. Baens competed with Mercier, Carpano, Libertas, Peugeot, Flandria, Philco, and Faemino–Faema.

Baens died on 28 March 2020 in Rillaar, Belgium at the age of 87.

## References
Maurice Bidermann

**Maurice Bidermann**, real name **Maurice Zylberberg,** (4 April 1932 – 30 March 2020) was a Belgian-born French businessman. His company worked in the textile sector. He was a Knight of the French National Order of Merit in 1991. Bidermann was born in Anderlecht, Belgium. Bidermann was sentenced to three years in prison, two suspended, and fined one million euros.

Bidermann died on 30 March 2020 of COVID-19 in Paris.

## References
List of deaths due to COVID-19

This is a list of notable people who died from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), coming from the virus SARS-CoV-2 that first spread during the global pandemic.

## Index 
## Deaths 
## Related pages 
* Deaths in 2020
* Deaths in 2021
* Deaths in 2022
* Deaths in 2023

## References
Colleen Ballinger

*]]
**Colleen Mae Ballinger** (born November 21, 1986) is an American YouTuber, comedian, actress, singer and writer. She is best known for her Internet character Miranda Sings, posting videos of the character on YouTube, performing her one-woman comedy act on tours and creating a Netflix original television show based on the character titled *Haters Back Off*. She was born in Santa Barbara, California.

She guest-starred as Miranda Sings on *Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee* with Jerry Seinfeld (2014) and has appeared twice on *The Tonight Show''. Ballinger has released two best-selling books, written in Miranda's voice, *Selp-Helf* and *My Diarrhe*.

In 2023, Ballinger released a song titled “hi.” (Also known as “Toxic Gossip Train”).

## References
Lebanon, New Hampshire

**Lebanon**  is the only city in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,282 at the 2020 census. Lebanon is in western New Hampshire, south of Hanover, near the Connecticut River. 

## References
Prime Minister of Syria

The **Prime Minister of Syria** was the head of government of the Syrian Arab Republic from 1920-2025.  

The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Syria. He works with other ministers and members of the government that the new Prime Minister recommends. In 2004, Arnous was selected to serve as executive director of the General Establishment for Road Transport. He then served as governor of Deir ez-Zor and Quneitra governorates. ... Arnous served as Minister of Public Works and Housing from 2013 until 2018 and as Minister of Water Resources since 26 November 2018. 

The People's Council of Syria then approve the legislative program of the new government, before the new government formally take office. There are no constitutional limits on a Prime Minister's term, and several of them served multiple non-consecutive terms.

## List of officeholders
### Syria (1920–1958)
### United Arab Republic (1958–1961)
### Syria (1961–present)
## References
Arianne Caoili

**Arianne Bo Caoili** (22 December 1986 – 30 March 2020) was a Filipino-born Australian chess player. She was awarded the title of Woman International Master (WIM) by FIDE. She won the Oceania women's chess championship in 2009. She also took part in seven Women's Chess Olympiads. She was born in Manila. She represented Australia starting in 2004.

Caoili starting living in Armenia from 2013. She died on 30 March 2020 in Yerevan, from the injuries caused by a car crash she had in two weeks before.

## References
## Other websites
*Arianne Caoili rating card at FIDE
William Sadler (actor)

**William Thomas Sadler** (born April 13, 1950) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Chesty Puller in *The Pacific*, Luther Sloan in *Star Trek: Deep Space Nine*, Sheriff Jim Valenti in *Roswell* and the Grim Reaper in ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey*, *Tales from the Crypt* and *Bill & Ted Face the Music*. 

He played Colonel Stuart in *Die Hard 2*. He played the character of President of the United States, Matthew Ellis, in *Iron Man 3*, *Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.*, and *WHIH Newsfront''.

## References