open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
BAE Systems

**BAE Systems plc** (**BAE**) is a British multinational arms, security and aerospace company, based in London, England. It is the biggest manufacturer in Britain as of 2017. It is the largest defence contractor in Europe and the seventh-largest in the world based on 2021 revenues. 

## Locations 
BAE's largest operations are in the United Kingdom and in the United States. In the U.S., BAE Systems Inc. subsidiary is one of the six largest suppliers to the US Department of Defense. Its next biggest markets are Saudi Arabia, then Australia; other major markets include Canada, Japan, India, Turkey, Qatar, Oman and Sweden. 

## Establishment 
The company was formed on 30 November 1999 by merger of Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company plc, with British Aerospace, an aircraft, munitions and naval systems manufacturer.

## Successions 
BAE is the successor to many aircraft, shipbuilding, armoured vehicle, armaments and defence electronics companies. These include the Marconi Company, the first commercial company for the development and use of radio; A.V. Roe and Company, one of the world's first aircraft companies; de Havilland, manufacturer of the Comet, the world's first commercial jet airliner; Hawker Siddeley, manufacturer of the Harrier, the world's first VTOL attack aircraft; British Aircraft Corporation, co-manufacturer of the Concorde supersonic transport; Supermarine, manufacturer of the Spitfire; Yarrow Shipbuilders, builder of the Royal Navy's first destroyers; Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, builder of the world's first battlecruiser; and Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, builder of the Royal Navy's first submarines.

## Buying other businesses 
Since 1999, BAE has bought other businesses. They bought United Defense and Armor Holdings of the United States, and has sold its shares in Airbus, Astrium, AMS and Atlas Elektronik. It is involved in several major defence projects. These include the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, the Eurofighter Typhoon, the , and the s. BAE Systems is listed on the London Stock Exchange's FTSE 100 Index.

## References
Nitter

**Nitter** is a discontinued alternative front-end for X, with better privacy and performance. The UI is based off the classic Twitter desktop layout. The front end used many "guest accounts" created using proxy servers to get tweets. When the guest account feature was removed by X in January 2024, the project was discontinued, although users could create their own instances using their own X accounts with the risk of blocking.

## References
Ya Bashar

**Ya Bashar** (; O Bashar) is the 13th album released by Diana Haddad. It was released by Rotana Records in 2014. It was also Haddad's first collaboration with Arabia's biggest record label.

## Release information 
## References
Ishtar TV

**Ishtar TV** is a Iraqi TV channel mainly broadcasted in the Syriac for Assyrian viewers. The channel was created by Sarkis Aghajan in 2005. The channel also broadcasts in Arabic and Kurdish so people who do not speak Syriac can understand the channel's programming. The channel's website is also available in English alongside the languages that the channel broadcasts.

## References
Free Syrian University

The **Free Syrian University** was made in 2013 for refugees from the Syrian civil war that are uneducated and are the age for college. The university is a secular university, not with any religion but does offer a degree in Islamic Studies. The university supports the Syrian opposition and bases its name off of the Free Syrian Army. The university is in the country of Turkey, in a town close to the Idlib Governorate of Syria but also holds online meetings using software like Zoom or Google Meet for those not in Turkey.

## References
American Community Survey

The **American Community Survey** is a yearly survey done by the United States Census Bureau. It gathers information from the longer censuses done every 10 years such as citizenship and income. This data is used to learn about communities of people.

It is sent to 295,000 houses every month or 3.5 million addresses every year and it is the largest housing survey that the Census Bureau gives out.

It gathers information in every state and Washington, D.C.. It does not gather information from U.S territories such as Guam and American Samoa.

## References
Freemen of Syria

The **Freemen of Syria** are a brigade of Syrian opposition fighters part of the  Free Syrian Army who were active during the Syrian civil war, near Aleppo. The brigade funds itself from donations mainly from Saudi Arabia, looting warehouses, and kidnapping people for ransom. They later ended up joining the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement and the Sham Legion. A part of the Northern Brigade left the Sham Legion in 2017 but it is unknown if the group is still active.

## References
Ansar al-Sunnah

**Ansar al-Sunnah** (Supporters of Sunnah) was a Iraqi militant group that fought against US troops and their allies in the Iraq War. The group was made up of Kurdish and Arab fighters. The group has been designated a terrorist group by the UK since late 2005. It was founded in 2003 by former members of Ansar al-Islam who went to Iran after the start of the Iraq War. The group is named as Ansar al-Sunnah as an alias for Ansar al-Islam. The group has also had its name used by small splinter groups in 2014 after the disbandment of Ansar al-Sunnah.

## References
Ansar al-Islam

**Ansar al-Islam** is a Islamist militant group with the goal of forming a Kurdish Islamic state under sharia law and protect the people of this Kurdish state. It was created in northern Iraq around Kurdistan by Islamists who were former members of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

The group was designated a terrorist organization by the UN as a another name for Al-Qaeda.

## Terrorist organization status 
## Notes 
## References
President of the Council of Ministers of the Mexican Empire

Here is the list of the President of the Council of Ministers of the Mexican Empire, First Minister, or Chancellor of Mexico.

## Former holders of the title
*First Empire
*José Manuel de Herrera May 19, 1822 – March 19, 1823
*Second Empire
*José María Lacunza  13 June 1864 – 6 October 1866
***Teodosio Lares  October 6, 1866 – March 18, 1867**
***Santiago Vidaurri  March 19, 1867 – June 19, 1867**
Ahrar al-Sharqiya

**Ahrar al-Sharqiya** is a militant group from Syria. Many of its fighters are former members of Daesh, Ahrar al-Sham, and Jabhat Al-Nusra.

The group got international media attention in 2019 after the murder of  Hevrin Khalaf being condemned by the UN as a "war crime".

The group is funded by Turkey and members were sent to fight in Libya on Turkey's behalf. The group has also supported military operations against the SDF in Syria.

## References
Mamulichthys

***Mamulichthys*** is an extinct bony fish from the Permian of what is now European Russia. Its only species is ***M. ignotus***. It was small in size and resembled a coelacanth. Operculum is large and rounded. The ventral side had longitudinal rows of large and massive scales.

## Related pages 
* Ohmdenia
* Orthocormus
* Monotrematum

## References 
# Minikh (=Minich), Alla V. (2014). "*Mamulichthys ignotus* gen. et sp. nov., a new actinopterygian from the Middle Permian of the southeastern East Europe Platform". *Paleontological Journal*.
Karamea

**Karamea** is an isolated town in the Buller District, New Zealand. It is situated 96 kilometers northeast of Westport and is the northmost town on the South Island West Coast. It has an area school (which is non-uniformed), library, museum, church and has a catchment area of the Karamea River.

## References
Nursery Cryme

**Nursery Cryme** is the third studio album by Genesis. The album was released on November 12, 1971.

## References
Monotrematum

*-like animal]]
***Monotrematum*** is an extinct genus of platypus-like animal from the Paleocene of Argentina. Its only species is ***M. sudamericanum***. It is only one of two monotremes found outside Oceania.

## Description 
*Monotrematum* is the only known non-Australasian ornithorhynchid. It resembled a platypus.

## Related pages 
* Patagorhynchus – another monotreme from South America
* Mamulichthys
* Dunkleosteus
* Balistes dubius
* Balistes vegai
* Steropodon – another platypus-like monotreme from the family Steropodontidae

## References 
# "*Monotrematum*" . Fossilworks.org.

## Other websites 
* Information related to *'' at Wikispecies
Al-Rafidain TV

**Al-Rafidain TV** is a Iraqi TV channel from Istanbul broadcasting in the Arabic language. The channel was launched on the 10th of April 2006 using Nilesat, and is owned by followers of Sunnism against secularism that support the Association of Muslim Scholars in Iraq.

## References
British Aerospace

**British Aerospace plc** (**BAe**) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturing company that was formed in 1977. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. It bought Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company, in 1999 to form BAE Systems.

## History
### Formation and privatisation
The company has its origins in the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977, which called for the nationalisation and merger of the British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Hawker Siddeley Dynamics and Scottish Aviation. On 29 April 1977, the new entity was formed in the United Kingdom as a statutory corporation.

Under the British Aerospace Act 1980 (c. 26), on 1 January the statutory corporation was transferred a public limited company (plc), under the name "British Aerospace Public Limited Company", on 2 January 1981. BAe was privatised.  In February 1981,  51.6% shares of the company were sold. The public sale was 3.5 times subscribed. At the end of the first day's trading, share prices were 14% above the original offer price. In May 1985 the other 48.4% shares were sold; this sale was 5.4 times subscribed and the first day closing price was 11% above the initial offer price.
## References
General Electric Company plc

The **General Electric Company** (**GEC**) was a major British conglomerate company involved in consumer and defence electronics, communications, and engineering.

It started in 1886 as **G. Binswanger and Company,**  an  electrical goods wholesaler in London. It sold electrical components over the counter which was not common then. In 1889, the business was incorporated as the **General Electric Company Ltd.**  It  became a public limited company in 1900. During the 1890s and 1900s, the company heavily invested into electric lighting, which was very profitable. In the First World War it supplied the military, and  becoming a major player in the electrical industry. In 1921, a new purpose-built company headquarters (Magnet House) was opened in Kingsway, London; two years later, GEC's industrial research laboratories at Wembley (later named the Hirst Research Centre) opened. In the 1920s, the company was heavily involved in building Britain's National Grid.

During the Second World War, GEC made several significant contributions to the Allied war effort, such as the development of the cavity magnetron for radar, various advances in communications technology, and the mass production of valves, lamps, and lighting equipment. In 1961, GEC merged with Radio & Allied Industries. In the 1960s, GEC's new managing director, Arnold Weinstock did cut-backs and mergers that returned the company to profit. GEC bought Associated Electrical Industries in 1967, and merged with English Electric one year later. The company  bought W & T Avery, *Cincinnati Electronics*, and *Picker Corporation*.

During the 1980s, the company was Britain's largest private employer with over 250,000 employees; becoming one of the first companies in the new FTSE 100 Index in 1984. It made more than £1&nbsp;billion per year at its peak in the 1990s. In June 1998, GEC sold its share of the joint venture GEC-Alsthom on the Paris stock exchange. During December 1999, GEC's defence arm, Marconi Electronic Systems, was sold to British Aerospace, forming BAE Systems. The rest of GEC, mainly telecommunications equipment manufacturing, continued as Marconi Communications. After buying several US telecoms manufacturers at the top of the market, losses following the bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2001 led to the restructuring in 2003 of Marconi plc into Marconi Corporation plc. During 2005, the company failed to secure any part of BT's 21st Century Network programme; that same year, Ericsson acquired the bulk of the company; what was left of the business was renamed Telent. It closed in 2006.

## References
Yang You (computer scientist)

**Yang You**, born on April 19, 1991, is an Assistant Professor at the National University of Singapore.

## Biography 
Yang completed his undergraduate studies at the School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University. He earned his master's degree in Computer Science from Tsinghua University in 2015, and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 2020 under the guidance of James Demmel. He joined the National University of Singapore as an Assistant Professor in Computer Science and founded a company called HPC-AI Tech, focusing on combining high-performance computing (HPC) technologies with artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance AI productivity.

## Academic works 
Yang is recognized for his contributions in large scale optimization. In 2018, he introduced the LARS algorithm, which achieved a new world record for ImageNet training, reducing the training time for AlexNet on ImageNet to just 24 minutes. The following year, he further improved the algorithm and introduced the LAMB algorithm to address its limitations on attention models such as BERT, significantly reducing the training time for BERT from 3 days to 76 minutes.

## Honors and awards 
Yang You is a Siebel Scholar and received the ACM/IEEE-CS George Michael Memorial HPC Fellowships in 2017. He was awarded the Lotfi A. Zadeh Prize in 2020 for his notable contributions to soft computing and its applications. He was recognized in Forbes' 30 under 30 Asia list in 2021 and received the IEEE-CS TCHPC Early Career Award.

## References
Jordan Ayew

**Jordan Pierre Ayew** (born 11 September 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger or forward for Crystal Palace and the Ghana national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Ghana's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ayew goal.''
* Crystal Palace Player of the Year: 2019–20
* Crystal Palace Players' Player of the Year: 2019–20
* Swansea City Players' Player of the Season: 2017–18
* Swansea City Goal of the Season: 2017–18

## References
Al-Hafez

**Al-Hafez** (The Protector) is a Salafi channel from the Sinai Peninsula that promotes the Quran. The channel also promotes Islamist parties such as the Muslim Brotherhood since the  2011 Egyptian revolution. The channel had a lawsuit filed against them due to the channel calling for the assassination of political candidates.

## References
Historical Enquiries Team

The **Historical Enquiries Team** or **HET** was a unit of the Police Service of Northern Ireland created in 2005 to investigate the thousands of unsolved terrorist attacks and murders during the Troubles. It was launched in 2005 and shut down in 2014 following budget cuts in the PSNI. It was split into two groups, Review and Investigation, had 100 members of investigators and support staff and had a budget of £30 million. It was headed by Cmdr. David Cox.

## References
Prathamesh Parab

**Prathamesh Parab** (born 29 November 1993) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Marathi cinema. Before taking the lead in *Timepass*, he made his acting debut with *Balak Palak*. In 2014, he won the Annual Life Ok Screen Awards.

## Education 
Parab did his schooling at the M.L Dahanukar College of Commerce in Mumbai where he graduated with a Bachelor in Banking and Insurance.

Prathamesh Parab Gets Engaged To Girlfriend Kshitija Ghosalkar On Valentine's Day. 

## References 
## Other websites 
*  at IMDb
* Prathamesh Parab at Bollywood Hungama
* Prathamesh Parab at Rotten Tomatoes
Gabino Gaínza

Gabino Crispín Gaínza Fernández de Medrano (20 October 1753 – 1829) captain-general of Guatemala (1821–1822). And **1st** Captain General of Central America Born in Pamplona, Spain, Gaínza joined the military at the age of sixteen and served in various posts throughout South America for most of his adult life. He commanded the Spanish force that reconquered Chile in 1814.
The Fate of the Furious

***The Fate of the Furious*** is a 2017 American action-thriller movie. It is the ninth movie in the *Fast & Furious* franchise series. It stars Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Scott Eastwood, Nathalie Emmanuel, Elsa Pataky, Kurt Russell, and Charlize Theron.

The movie was released on April 14, 2017. It made $1.236 billion around the world.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  at IMDb
Felipe Codallos

**Felipe Codallos** (1790 – 1849) was the  **3rd** Captain General of Central America and  **4th** Political Chief of San Salvador under the Emperor of Mexico Agustín de Iturbide  On 1 July 1823, El Salvador, along with the rest of Central America, declared independence from the Mexican Empire  he died in 1849 at Mexico City, Mexico
IMx

**Immature** (later known as **IMx**) is an American dance pop and rhythm and blues boy band. The group was established in 1991. The members of this group include Marques "Batman" Houston (born August 4, 1981), Kelton "LDB" Kessee (born January 1981) and Jerome "Romeo" Jones (born October 25, 1981). They are all from Los Angeles.

Their studio albums include *On Our Worst Behavior* (released September 1992), *Playtime is Over* (released in August 1994), *We Got It* (released in December 1995) and *The Journey* (released in September 1997). Their songs include "Please Don't Go" "Is it Love this Time" and "Feel the Funk". Their song "Is it Love this Time" takes elements of the dance R&B song "Nite and Day" from Al B. Sure!. It was later sampled for "Big Ole Freak" from Megan Thee Stallion.

The band's name was changed to **IMx** in 1999. They were in several *House Party* movies.

## References
Rotary Park Bridge

The **Rosey Park Bridge** is a historic bridge built in West Virginia. It was built in 1929 and is made out of wood and stone in a old fashioned style. It is approximately 53 metres long and 9 metres wide. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in the year 2002.

## References
Fateh 313

**Fateh 313** (Conqueror 313) is an Iranian ballistic missile and released in the year 2016. It uses solid fuel instead of liquid fuel such as gasoline or diesel. The Defense Ministry of Iran plans to create many missiles and sell them to consumers.

## References
Huron

**Huron** may refer to:

## Native Americans
* Huron people, who have been called Wyandotte, Wyandot, Wendat and Quendat
* Huron language, an Iroquoian language

## Bodies of water
* Lake Huron, one of the North American Great Lakes
* Huron River (Michigan)

## Cities and towns
* Huron, California, a city in Fresno County
* Huron, Kansas, a city in Atchison County
* Huron, Ohio, a city in Erie County
* Huron, New York, a town in Wayne County
* Huron, South Dakota, a city in Beadle County
Fateh 110

The **Fateh 110** (Conqueror 110 or NP 110 in English) is a ballistic missile made by Iran in the year 2002. The latest version has a range of 300 kilometers and is more accurate then older models.

The rocket is based off of the Zelzal-2 missile. The rocket has been used in the Syrian Civil War as the M-600. It was also previously claimed by Mossad that Syria was giving Hizbullah their M-600 missiles. The missiles have also been sent to Russia but they have not utilized the rockets as of March 2024.

## References
Erie

**Erie** may refer to:

*Erie, Colorado, a town in both Boulder County and Weld County
*Erie, Illinois, a village in Whiteside County
*Erie, Kansas, a city in Neosho County
*Erie, North Dakota, an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Cass County
*Erie, Pennsylvania, a city in Erie County
*Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes in the United States and Canada
Leptomantis harrissoni

The '''Harrisson's flying frog** or **brown tree frog'* (*Leptomantis harrissoni'') is a frog.  It lives in the Indonesia and Malaysia.  People have seen it between 0 and 350 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests that have never been cut down and in forests that have been cut down and are growing back. This frog does not live in places that human beings have changed. This frog lays eggs in holes and trees. The male finds a hole and calls to the female. The trees must be very tall or else the frog will not go there.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. This frog can be in some danger from human beings cutting down the forests. Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks.

## References
Superior

The word **superior** means above or better. **Superior** may also refer to:

## Places
*Lake Superior, the largest of the North American Great Lakes, Canada, United States

### United States
*Superior, Arizona
*Superior, Colorado
*Superior, Iowa
*Superior, Montana
*Superior, Nebraska
*Superior, Wisconsin, a city
*Superior (town), Wisconsin, a town adjacent to the city
*Superior (village), Wisconsin, a village adjacent to the city
*Superior, Wyoming

## Other uses
*Superior, a word used to describe positions in anatomy
Ontario (disambiguation)

**Ontario** is a province in Canada.

**Ontario** may also refer to:

* Ontario, California
* Ontario, New York
* Ontario, Ohio
* Ontario, Oregon
* Ontario, Wisconsin
* Lake Ontario, one of the Great Lakes in Canada and the United States
Micro Mages

***Micro Mages*** is a platform game released by Morphcat Games in 2019 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It raised over €150,000 on Kickstarter. The game was released on a cartridge and later as a digital download on Steam and Itch.io.

## References
## Other websites
*
Genetic genealogy

**Genetic genealogy** is using a person's DNA and genealogy to test if that person is related to another person. 

It can be used by law enforcement to find the culprit of a crime, or who the victim is. Because DNA tests are also more easy to get, it can also be used to trace back a family tree.
Mushak 200

The **Mushak 200** is a long range Iranian missile. It has a range of 200 kilometers. Development of the Mushak series started in the year 1990 and the Mushak-200 was shown in 1998. The rocket was based off the Zelzal 1 and parts of the Mushak's components were used in the Zelzal 3. The rocket has been given to Syria, Hezbollah, and Ansar Allah.

## References
Kinuyo Someya

**Kinuyo Someya** (染谷絹代, Someya Kinuyo, born 5 July 1954) is a Japanese politician. In 2013, she was elected mayor of Shimada City, becoming the first female mayor of the city, as well as one of the first female mayors of Shizuoka Prefecture.

## Life 
Someya was born in 1954 in Iwaki She was chairman of the Shimada school board.

Someya ran in the 2013 municipal elections for the city of Shimada, against incumbent mayor Katsurō Sakurai. She ran a long-term electoral campaign, focusing on the desire to change the city's institutions. She won the mayoral race, with a lead of 5,000 votes.

She was re-elected twice, in 2017, with 12,000 votes, and then in 2021, with a lead of more than 15,000 votes.

During her 2021 election campaign, she enjoyed broad popular support, after taking Covid-19 measures in Shimada. 

## References
Hobbs & Shaw

***Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw*** is a 2019 American action-thriller movie. It is the ninth movie in the *Fast & Furious* media franchise series. It stars Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Idris Elba, Vanessa Kirby, Eiza González, Cliff Curtis and Helen Mirren.

The movie was released on August 2, 2019. It made $760.7 million around the world.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  at IMDb
Arrai TV

**Arrai TV** was a Arabic TV channel in Syria. The channel was used during the Libyan Civil War to spread pro-Gaddafi propaganda. The channel aired many audio clips from Gaddafi when they ran away from Tripoli. On the 15th of October 2011, the station mourned the death of Khamis Gaddafi (not Mummar al Gaddafi) on the 29th of August. The channel later closed on the 4th of December 2011 due to the start of the Syrian civil war.

## References
Jihadi tourism

**Jihadi tourism** is a phrase used for traveling to a different country for military training by a jihadist group. This phrase is also applied to those who are curious of jihadist groups and travelling for curiosity.

## References
Marion Scrymgour

**Marion Rose Scrymgour** (born 13 September 1960) is an Australian politician. She is currently serving as the member for the seat of Lingiari in the Northern Territory. She is a member of the Labor Party.

Scrymgour used to be the member for the seat of Arafura in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly. She was the first Indigenous woman to be elected to the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly.

Scrymgour is Aboriginal, belonging to the Tiwi mob from the Tiwi Islands.

## Notes
Islamic State of Iraq

The **Islamic State of Iraq** (**ISI**;  ''*) was a Salafi jihadist militant organization that fought the forces of the U.S.-led coalition during the Iraqi insurgency. The organization aimed to overthrow the Iraqi federal government and establish an Islamic state ruled by Sharia law in Iraq.

Islamic State of Iraq traces its origins to *Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad'' (JTJ) group, which was formed by the Jordanian national Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in Jordan in 1999.

## References
Roy Fredericks

**Roy Clifton Fredericks** was born 11 November 1942 in Berbice, Guyana and died 5 September 2000 in New York City, United States. He was a West Indies cricketer who played 59 tests and 12 one-day internationals from 1968 to 1977. He also played for Guyana and Glamorgan County Cricket Club. He died from throat cancer in 2000.

## Other websites
*
Assim Al-Hakeem

**Assim al-Hakeem** is a Saudi imam. He records his programs in the city of Jeddah. His programs are in the English language and he has been called a Islamist.

## References
Abu Omar al-Baghdadi

**Abu Omar al-Baghdadi** (;  ; 1959 – 18 April 2010), born **Hamid Dawud Mohamed Khalil al-Zawi** () was an Iraqi militant who was the Emir of the Islamic militant umbrella organization Mujahideen Shura Council (MSC), and its successor, the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), which fought against the U.S.-led Coalition forces during the Iraqi insurgency.

## References
Hojang Taret

**Hojang Taret** is a play in the Meitei language' It is based on a play by Euripides called The Phoenician Women. The play is directed by Oasis Sougaijam and produced by The Umbilical Theatre. It is the story of two brothers who fight which causes the destruction of Thebes. The play shows why is fighting is bad.
## Notes 
## References
California Girls (Gretchen Wilson song)

"**California Girls**" is a song recorded by American country music artist Gretchen Wilson. The song was written by Wilson and John Rich and produced by the two and Mark Wright. The song was released on June 12, 2006, as the fourth and final single from her second studio album *All Jacked Up* (2005).

## Music video
The music video features Wilson and her band throughout the beach and in the amusement park inside the pier. The video also features a Paris Hilton look-alike. The video premiered to Great American Country on July 10, 2006.

## References
Last Man Standing (1995 movie)

***Last Man Standing*** is a 1995 American action movie directed by Joseph Merhi and starring Jeff Wincott, Jonathan Banks, Jonathan Fuller, Steve Eastin, Robert LaSardo, Michael Greene, Ava Fabian, Corbin Bernsen. It was distributed by PM Entertainment Group.

## Other websites
*
*
Voulez-Vous (song)

"**Voulez-Vous**" ( ; French for "Do you want?") is a 1979 song by ABBA and is the title track to their sixth studio album *Voulez-Vous* and also features on their 1992 album *Gold: Greatest Hits*. It went to number 3 in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands, number 80 in the United States, number 79 in Australia, number 87 in Canada, number 9 in Sweden, Spain and France and number 20 in Finland. It was not a major hit for the group.

## Track listings
***7-inch vinyl**
:A: "Voulez-Vous"
:B: "Angeleyes"

***12-inch vinyl**
:A: "Voulez-Vous"
:B: "Does Your Mother Know"

***1992 CD re-issue**
#"Voulez Vous"
#"Summer Night City"

## References
Cynical Girl

"**Cynical Girl**" is a 1982 song by country singer Marshall Crenshaw. It was taken from his debut studio album *Marshall Crenshaw* and features the cover version of *Rave On*. It did not chart in the United States or the United Kingdom but became one of his most famous songs.

## References
Whenever You're on My Mind

'''Whenever You're on My Mind'* is a 1983 song by Marshall Crenshaw and is the leading single from his second studio album *Field Day''. It went to number 23 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.
Hard Habit to Break

"**Hard Habit to Break**" is a 1984 song by Chicago. It is the second single from their 14th studio album *Chicago 17* and went to number 3 in the United States and number 8 in the United Kingdom. It won a Grammy Award in 1985.

## References
Honkytonk Man

***Honkytonk Man*** is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama movie directed by Clint Eastwood (who also stars) and also starring Kyle Eastwood, John McIntire, Alexa Kenin, Verna Broom, Barry Corbin, Marty Robbins, Jerry Haddin, Tim Thomerson. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was based on the 1980 novel of the same name by Clancy Carlile. It was nominated for Razzie Award in 1983.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Synapturanus zombie

***Synapturanus zombie***, the **zombie frog**, is a South American species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is classified in the genus *Synapturanus*.

## Description 
*Synapturanus zombie* has an average snout–vent length of 39 mm in males. It has a pointed nose and a narrow mouth.

## Where does it live? 
Zombie frogs live in well-drained soil in forests in French Guiana. They are nocturnal and fossorial.

## Related pages 
* Asterophrys
* Xenorhina
* Spelaeophryne

## References 
# Frost, Darrel R. (2024). "*Synapturanus zombie* Fouquet, Leblanc, Fabre, Rodrigues, Menin, Courtois, Dewynter, Hölting, Ernst, Peloso, and Kok, 2021". Retrieved 24 January 2024.
# Kindy, David. "How the Newly Discovered, Mud-Loving 'Zombie' Frog Got Its Name". *Smithsonian Magazine*. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
# Fouquet, Antoine; Leblanc, Killian; Fabre, Anne-Claire; Rodrigues, Miguel T.; Menin, Marcelo; Courtois, Elodie A.; Dewynter, Maël; Hölting, Monique; Ernst, Raffael; Peloso, Pedro; Kok, Philippe J.R. (2021). "Comparative osteology of the fossorial frogs of the genus Synapturanus (Anura, Microhylidae) with the description of three new species from the Eastern Guiana Shield" (PDF). *Zoologischer Anzeiger*.

## Further reading
Paranormal

**Paranormal** means phenomena that lie outside the scope of what is considered normal or explainable by current scientific understanding. These phenomena often challenge our conventional understanding of the physical world and may involve occurrences that seem to transcend or defy natural laws.

Belief in the paranormal varies widely, with some individuals embracing these ideas as evidence of a reality beyond the material world, while others approach them with skepticism and seek scientific explanations. While there are many anecdotal accounts of paranormal experiences, the scientific community generally requires empirical evidence and rigorous testing to accept phenomena as valid and reliable.

## Examples 
Common examples of paranormal phenomena include:
# Ghosts and Spirits: Apparitions or manifestations of entities believed to be the souls or spirits of the deceased.
# UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects): Unexplained aerial phenomena that some people believe to be evidence of extraterrestrial visitation.
# Telekinesis: The ability to move or manipulate objects without physical contact, using only the mind.
# Telepathy: The transmission of thoughts or information from one person to another without the use of known senses.
# Clairvoyance: The ability to perceive information about events or locations beyond normal human sensory perception.
# Precognition: The ability to foresee or predict future events before they occur.

It's essential to distinguish between personal beliefs, cultural folklore, and scientific inquiry when exploring the realm of the paranormal. While some experiences may remain unexplained or mysterious, the scientific method remains a crucial tool for investigating and understanding the world around us.
Hypsocormus

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***Hypsocormus*** (from Greek: ῠ̔́ψος *húpsos'', 'height' and Greek: κορμός *kormós* 'timber log') is a genus of pachycormiform from the Jurassic with fossils being found in Germany, France and the United Kingdom. The two species are ***H. insignis*** and ***H. posterodorsalis***.

## Description 
*Hypsocormus* was about 1 m (3.3 ft) long, with a caudal fin just like a mackerel. It had a dorsal fin, long pectoral fins and tiny pelvic fins.

## Classification 
### Discovery 
In 1860, Johann Andreas Wagner discovered the type species, *H. insignis*. The species was then placed into this genus. For a long time, it has been considered to be the only species of *Hypsocormus*. However, in 2020, Maxwell and others described a new species, *H. posterodorsalis*. There are currently two species in this genus.

### Species 
* †*Hypsocormus* *insignis* Wagner, 1860 (type species)
* †*Hypsocormus posterodorsalis* Maxwell et al. 2020

## Image gallery 
*]]
* and *Hypsocormus posterodorsalis*]]

## Related pages 
* Ohmdenia
* Synapturanus zombie
* Pseudoasthenocormus

## References 
# "Hypsocormus" . Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
Catholic Monarchs

The **Catholic Monarchs** were Queen Isabella I of Castile (r. 1474–1504) and King Ferdinand II of Aragon (r. 1479–1516), whose marriage and joint rule marked the *de facto* unification of Spain. They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being both descended from John I of Castile; to remove the obstacle that this consanguinity would otherwise have posed to their marriage under canon law, they were given a papal dispensation by Sixtus IV. They married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella was 18 years old and Ferdinand a year younger. It is generally accepted by most scholars that the unification of Spain can essentially be traced back to the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella. Their reign was called by W.H. Prescott "the most glorious epoch in the annals of Spain".

Spain was formed as a dynastic union of two crowns rather than a unitary state, as Castile and Aragon remained separate kingdoms until the Nueva Planta decrees of 1707–16. The court of Ferdinand and Isabella was constantly on the move, in order to bolster local support for the crown from local feudal lords. The title of "Catholic King and Queen" was officially bestowed on Ferdinand and Isabella by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, in recognition of their defence of the Catholic faith within their realms.

## References
Wayenbam

**Wayenbam** is a Meitei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.

## References
Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

AMTSh (Mi-171Sh) in Minsk, 23 February 2022]]
Belarus, a close ally of Russia, has  them in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Before the invasion started, Belarus let the Russian Armed Forces  weeks-long military drills on its territory. However, the Russian soldiers did not leave the country after they finished. Belarus allowed Russia to start part of the invasion in its territory, giving Russia the shortest possible land route to Ukraine's capital city, Kyiv. These forces left Ukraine within two months, which ended land-based military operations coming from Belarus and allowing Ukraine to take back their side of the border area. The situation along the border is still tense, with Ukraine closing all of the border checkpoints leading into Belarus unless there are special cases.

At the start, Belarus said that they were not involved with the invasion, but they later admitted that they allowed Russian missile launchers in Belarus to shoot at Ukrainian targets. Several reports from the Belarusian opposition and Ukrainian military said that Belarusian soldiers were in Ukraine helping the Russians fight, but Belarus's leader Aleksander Lukashenko said that the reports were wrong and the Belarusian Armed Forces (BAF) would not fight in the invasion. As of early 2023, the BAF have not attacked Ukraine and stayed in Belarus for the entire war. The Belarusian leader has said that there is "no way" he will send soldiers into Ukraine unless they attack first.

The involvement of Belarus was  in Western countries. According to Chatham House, Belarus's involvement in the war is not popular with the public.

At the start of the invasion, Belarus held Russo-Ukrainian peace talks on its border. The talks did not make a lasting ceasefire happen.

## References
Bobasatrania

***Bobasatrania*** is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Triassic. It’s best known from beds of Changhsingian to Ladinian age. It is one of the most famous survivors of the Permian–Triassic extinction event. *Bobasatrania* originated during the Lopingian epoch. 

*Bobasatrania* is part of the Bobasatraniiformes. The type species was named after Bobasatrana (near Ambilobe) in northeast Madagascar. The species is named after a river called the Mahavavy River. 

## Description 
*Bobasatrania* had a unique diamond-shaped body. It had a forked tail. It did not exceed 30 cm in length. The pectoral fins were thin and elongated. It had large eyes and a small mouth. 

## Distribution 
Fossils have been found in many places (Canada, France, Germany, Greenland, Italy, Madagascar, Spitsbergen, Pakistan, Switzerland, USA).

## Classification 
On 1932, Errol White discovered the type species, *B. mahavavica*. *Bobasatrania*, *Dorypterus*, *Ebenaqua*, and *Ecrinesomus* make up the Bobasatraniiformes, an extinct order of ray-finned fish.

### Species 
* †*Bobasatrania antiqua* Accordi, 1955
* †*Bobasatrania canadensis* Lambe, 1914
* †*Bobasatrania ceresiensis* Bürgin, 1992
* †*Bobasatrania groenlandica* Stensiö, 1932
* †*Bobasatrania ladina* Accordi, 1955
* †*Bobasatrania mahavavica* White, 1932 (type species)
* †*Bobasatrania nathorsti* Stensiö, 1921
* †*Bobasatrania scutata* Gervais, 1852

### Synonyms 
* †*Haywardia* Tanner, 1936
* †*Lambeichthys* Lehman, 1956

## Image gallery 
* fossil]]
*]]
*]]

## Related pages 
* Ohmdenia
* Dorypterus
* Platysomus
* Colobodus
* Chiasmocleis
* Microhylidae
* Euthynotus
* Protosphyraena
* Coccosteus
* Peipiaosteus
* Serenoichthys
* Pseudoasthenocormus

## References 
# Nielsen, Eigil. (1952). "A preliminary note on *Bobasatrania groenlandica*" (PDF). *Meddelelser Fra Dansk Geologisk Forening*.
# Böttcher, Ronald (2014). "Phyllodont tooth plates of Bobasatrania scutata (Gervais, 1852) (Actinoperygii, Bobasatraniiformes) from the Middle Triassic (Longobardian) Grenzbonebed of southern Germany and eastern France, with an overview of Triassic and Palaeozoic phyllodont tooth plates". *Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen*.
# Russell, Loris S. (1951). "*Bobasatrania? canadensis* (Lambe), a giant chondrostean fish from the Rocky Mountains". *Annual Report of the National Museum of Canada, Bulletin*.
# Neuman, Andrew G. (2015). "Fishes from the Lower Triassic portion of the Sulphur Mountain Formation in Alberta, Canada: geological context and taxonomic composition". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences.

## Further reading 
* Nielsen, Eigil. 1942. Studies on Triasslc Fishes from East Greenland. I. *Glaucolepis and Boreosomus*. *Palaeozoologica Groenlandica''. vol. I.
* Stensiö, E. A:EON, 1921. Triassic Fishes from Spitsbergen. Part I. Vienna.
Luke Gosling

**Luke John Anthony Gosling**,  (born 17 September 1971) is an Australian politician and a retired Australian Army officer. He is currently serving as the member for Solomon in the Northern Territory in the House of Representatives.
Leptomantis gauni

'''Inger's flying frog** or the **short-nosed tree frog'* (*Leptomantis gauni'') is a frog.  It lives in Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia.  People have seen it between 750 and 980 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in rainforests that have never been cut down and rainforests that were cut down and are growing back on hills. This frog lays eggs in foam nests on plants over water. The tadpoles swim near the rocky bottoms of streams.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place.  Human beings cut down the forests where the frogs live to get wood to build with and make farms for palm oil. Many of the places this frog lives are protected parks.

## References
Flag of Autlán

The **flag of Autlán** () has two horizontal stripes, the big strip is red and the smal strip white with the coat of arms of Autlán de Navarro (toponim glyph). It was adopted in 1998.

## Design and symbolism
The meaning of the colors of the flag are as follows:

## References
Sublime number

A **sublime number** is a positive integer which has a perfect number of positive factors (including itself), and whose positive factors add up to another perfect number. For example 12 whose factor are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 this is 6 factors. 6 is a perfect number. The only other sublime number is 6,086,555,670,238,378,989,670,371,734,243,169,622,657,830,773,351,885,970,528,324,860,512,791,691,264.

## References
Prime power

**Prime power** is a positive integer which is a positive integer power of a single prime number. It is a prime number or p to the power of any integer i, p to the power of p, or i to the power of p.

## References
Deficient number

A **deficient number** is when a number is not a perfect number or an abundant number. Also all primes, as well as some prime powers, and any divisors of a perfect or deficient number are deficient. 1 is deficient along with  2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, etc.

## References
Fedayeen al-Islam

**Fedayeen al-Islam** (Martyrs for Islam) was a militant group in Pakistan created and ran by Hakimullah Mehsud, deputy of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan until his death. After his death in 2009, his group joined the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan. The group has claimed responsibility for many bombings in Pakistan such as the Islamabad hotel bombing.

## References
Ansarullah Bangla Team

The **Ansarullah Bangla Team** is a militant group from Bangladesh and it has commited crimes such as bank robbery and the murder of atheists. The group was designated a terrorist group after their bank robbing on the 25th of May 2015. The group has been claimed to be linked with the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami party by the Bengali police. The group also has links to Al-Qaeda and it started in 2007 as the group "Jama'atul Muslemin" with funding coming from charities.

## References
Universal Social Charge

The **Universal Social Charge** is a tax on income in the Republic of Ireland. It replaced the income levy and the health levy (also known as the health contribution) since 1 January 2011. It is charged on a person's *gross income* before any pension contributions or Pay Related Social Insurance.

If a person's income is less than €13,000 they pay no Universal Social Charge. (This limit was €4,004 in 2011, €10,036 from 2012 to 2014 and €12,012 in 2015.) Once income is over this limit, a person pays the relevant rate  on all income. For example, a person with income of €13,000 will pay no USC. A person with income of €13,001 will pay 0.5% on income up to €12,012 and 2.5% on income between €12,012 and €13,001.

Aggregate income for these purposes does not include payments from the Department of Social Protection.

## References
Fedayeen Saddam

**Fedayeen Saddam** was a militant group loyal to Saddam Husayn. The group had 30,000 to 40,000 members at its peak. The group was also not binded by the law similar to the CIA. The group were the cause of the most deadly attacks against US forces in 2003 during the 2003 Iraq invasion by the US. The group has also been known to operate in civilian clothes to confuse US forces.

## References
Holocaust (band)

The **Holocaust** is a heavy metal band from Scotland created in 1977 and is based in the city of Edinburgh. The band consists of the singer Gary Lettice, guitar player Ed Dudley, drum player Nick Brockie, and bassist Robin Begg. 

## References
Point (basketball)

A **point** in the American sport Basketball can be either in the form of one, two, or three points. The goal of winning a basketball game is to score more points than the opposing team when the time runs out. 

In college basketball the time of a basketball match is usually 40 minutes and in high school it is usually 32 minutes. In the NBA, however, it is four quarters of 12 minutes each.
Quatro de Fevereiro Airport

**Quatro de Fevereiro International Airport** is the main international airport in Angola. It is in the southern part of Luanda. Quatro de Fevereiro means 4 February, which is an important national holiday in Angola. Dr. Antonio Agostinho Neto International Airport is being built to take its place, but work has been slowed down by money problems.

## References
Gaspar de Portolá

**Gaspar de Portolá y Rovira** (January 1, 1716 – October 10, 1786) was a Spanish military officer, the first governor of California, and founder of Monterey and San Diego.  He was accompanied by the priest Junípero Serra. Together they led the Spanish settlement of what is now the state of California
Herman, Shopian

**Herman** or **Hermain** () is a village and tehsil of shopian District, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

## References
Fernando Rivera y Moncada

**Fernando de Rivera y Moncada** (1711 18 July 1781) was a Spanish commandant of the Californias. He was a native of Compostela, Nayarit. He served in the military at Loreto, Baja California, in 1742. He explored the Bahía de Sebastián Vizcaíno with the Jesuit Fernando Consag in 1751.
Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar

On the 18th of January 2024, Pakistan sent airstrikes inside the Iranian part of Balochistan trying to destroy separatist groups. They called it **Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar** (Death to rebels) by Pakistan. The attack was done in response to Iranian strikes in Pakistani Balochistan a day earlier.

Iran confirmed that 9 Balochistan Liberation Army members were killed in the airstrike. 

The attack was the first attack on Iran by another country since the end of the Iran–Iraq War in the year 1988.

## Origin 
Marg Bar Sarmachar means "death to rebels". Marg bar means "death to" in Persian and is used in the Iranian slogan Marg bar Amerika. Sarmachar means rebels in the Balochi language and is used by Balochi seperatists.

## Notes 
## References
Sukhoi Su-34

The **Sukhoi SU-34** is a Soviet-origin Russian fighter and attack jet. It has two engines, and two seats.

## References
America-Israel Cultural Foundation

The **America-Israel Cultural Foundation** is a nonprofit foundation in the United States that supports Israel. 

## History 
It was first founded in 1939 for the creation of a Jewish state. It was called the American Fund for Palestinian Institutions until 1948 where it was changed to the American Fund for Israeli Institutions. It later changed its name to the America Israel Cultural Foundation which is its current name.

## References
Abu Mahdi

The **Abu Mahdi** missile is a missile with a range of over 1000&nbsp;km. The missile is named after Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, the former leader of the Popular Mobilization Forces and the companion of Qasem Soleimani. It was released alongside the Haj Qasem missile on the 20th of August 2020. The missile can be launched from many different platforms such as air, sea, and land.

## References