September 28

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 48 BC &ndash; Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. It may have occurred on September 29, his 58th birthday, but records are unclear.
* 235 &ndash; Pope Pontian resigns.
* 365 &ndash; Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople and proclaims himself Roman Emperor.
* 935 &ndash; Saint Wenceslas is murdered by his brother, Boleslaus I of Bohemia.
* 1066 &ndash; William the Conqueror invades England.
* 1106 &ndash; The Battle of Tinchebrai – Henry I of England defeats his brother, Robert Curthose.
* 1238 &ndash; Muslim Valencia surrenders to the besieging King James I of Aragon the Conqueror.
* 1322 &ndash; Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Mühldorf.
* 1448 &ndash; Christian I is crowned king of Denmark.
* 1538 &ndash; The Ottoman Navy scores a decisive victory over the Holy League fleet in the Battle of Preveza.
* 1542 &ndash; Navigator Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo of Portugal arrives as what is now San Diego.
* 1708 &ndash; Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
* 1779 &ndash; Samuel Huntington is elected President of the Continental Congress, succeeding John Jay.
* 1781 &ndash; American forces backed by a French fleet begin the siege of Yorktown Heights, Virginia during the American Revolutionary War.
* 1787 &ndash; The just completed United States Constitution is voted on by the United States Congress to be sent to the State legislatures for approval.
* 1791 &ndash; France becomes the first country to emancipate its Jewish population.
* 1820 &ndash; The tomato is publicly proven safe when Robert Johnson eats a bushel (24&nbsp;kg) of tomatoes in Salem, Massachusetts.
* 1821 &ndash; Mexico signs its final Declaration of Independence.
* 1823 &ndash; Leo XII is elected as pope.
* 1844 &ndash; Oscar I of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
* 1867 &ndash; Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario.
* 1867 &ndash; The US takes control of Midway Island, northwest of Hawaii.
* 1868 &ndash; Battle of Alcolea, causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.
* 1871 &ndash; Brazil passes law freeing future children of slaves.
* 1885 &ndash; Riots break out in Montreal to protest against having to have smallpox vaccination.
* 1889 &ndash; The first Conference of General Weights and Measurements is held.
* 1892 &ndash; The first night match in American football takes place, between Wyoming Seminary and Mansfield State Normal.
* 1893 &ndash; FC Porto is founded.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1901 &ndash; Philippine-American War: Filipino guerrillas kill more than 40 American soldiers and lose 28 of their own, in a surprise attack in the town of Balangiga on Samar Island.
* 1907 &ndash; The football club Real Sociedad is founded in Cantabria, Northern Spain.
* 1912 &ndash; Corporal Frank S. Scott of the United States Army becomes the first enlisted official to die in an airplane crash, along with Lewis C. Rockwell at College Park, Maryland.
* 1919 &ndash; In a referendum, most voters in Luxembourg decide to keep the monarchy.
* 1928 &ndash; The UK passes the Dangerous Drugs Act.
* 1928 &ndash; Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.
* 1934 &ndash; Ocean liner RMS Queen Mary is launched at Clydebank.
* 1939 &ndash; Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland after their invasion during World War II.
* 1939 &ndash; Warsaw surrenders to Nazi Germany during World War II.
* 1944 &ndash; Battle of Arnhem – Germans defeat British airborne at Arnhem, Netherlands.
* 1950 &ndash; Indonesia joins the UN.
* 1951 &ndash; CBS makes the first color televisions available for sale to the general public, though withdraws them less than a month later.
* 1958 &ndash; Guinea votes for independence from France.
* 1958 &ndash; France ratifies a new constitution; the Fifth Republic of France is formed.
* 1960 &ndash; Mali and Senegal join the UN.
* 1961 &ndash; A military coup in Damascus, Syria effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and Syria.
* 1964 &ndash; The Warren Commission concludes there was no conspiracy in the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
* 1969 &ndash; Willy Brandt is elected Chancellor of Germany.
* 1970 &ndash; Gamal Abdel Nasser dies, and is succeeded by Anwar Sadat as President of Egypt.
* 1971 &ndash; UK Misuse of Drugs Act – medicinal cannabis is banned.
* 1972 &ndash; Paul Henderson scores the goal to win the Canada/USSR (ice hockey) "Summit Series".
* 1973 &ndash; ITT Building in New York City is bombed to protest ITT's involvement in the September 11 Coup in Chile.
* 1976 &ndash; R&B singer Stevie Wonder releases the classic double album *Songs in the Key of Life.*
* 1978 &ndash; Pope John Paul I dies after just 33 days as Pope.
* 1979 &ndash; Larry Holmes wins his Heavyweight World Boxing Title fight against Ernie Shavers.
* 1987 &ndash; "Encounter at Farpoint", the first episode of TV show *Star Trek: The Next Generation* airs.
* 1992 &ndash; An Airbus A300 of Pakistan International Airlines strikes a mountain near Kathmandu, killing all 117 on board.
* 1994 &ndash; The car ferry MS *Estonia* sinks in Baltic Sea, killing 852 people.
* 1995 &ndash; Bob Denard and a group of mercenaries take the islands of Comoros in a coup.
* 2000 &ndash; Former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau dies.
* 2000 &ndash; Al-Aqsa Intifada begins after the visit of Ariel Sharon to the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
* 2000 &ndash; In a referendum in Denmark, a majority of voters reject the Euro currency.

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; A widespread power outage affects Italy.
* 2004 &ndash; Wayne Rooney makes his long–awaited Manchester United debut, scoring a hat–trick in the 6–2 Champions League victory.
* 2009 &ndash; 157 protesters are killed in Guinea, as they demonstrated against the military rule of Moussa Dadis Camara.
* 2010 &ndash; A massive landslide kills at least 7 people in Oaxaca, Mexico.
* 2012 &ndash; A plane crashes shortly after take–off from Kathmandu and bursts into flames, killing all 19 people on board.
* 2013 &ndash; Pakistan is struck by a second earthquake, after one of magnitude 7.7 struck four days earlier.
* 2013 &ndash; Several ministers from Silvio Berlusconi's party resign from the coalition government of Enrico Letta in Italy.
* 2014 &ndash; Europe wins its third Ryder Cup golf championship in–a–row, defeating the United States at Gleneagles, Scotland.
* 2016 &ndash; International investigators conclude that Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down by a Buk missile that came from Russia.
* 2018 &ndash; 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami: The Indonesian island of Sulawesi is hit by a magnitude 7.5 earthquake and a tsunami, killing an estimated 4,340 people.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 551 BC &ndash; Confucius, Chinese philosopher (d. 479 BC)
* 616 &ndash; Javanshir, Albanian King (d. 680)
* 1493 &ndash; Agnolo Firenzuola, Italian poet (d. 1545)
* 1555 &ndash; Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, Marshal of France (d. 1623)
* 1573 &ndash; Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian artist (d. 1610)
* 1605 &ndash; Ismael Bullialdus, French astronomer (d. 1694)
* 1667 &ndash; Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (d. 1701)
* 1681 &ndash; Johann Mattheson, German composer (d. 1764)
* 1698 &ndash; Pierre-Louis Maupertuis, French polymath (d. 1759)
* 1705 &ndash; Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772)
* 1735 &ndash; Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1811)
* 1746 &ndash; William Jones, English philologist (d. 1794)
* 1765 &ndash; Pope Gregory XVI (d. 1846)
* 1797 &ndash; Fyodor Litke, Russian geographer, navigator and Arctic explorer (d. 1882)
* 1803 &ndash; Prosper Mérimée, French writer (d. 1870)
* 1809 &ndash; Alvan Wentworth Chapman, American physician and botanist (d. 1899)
* 1811 &ndash; Friedrich Hecker, German–American lawyer, politician and revolutionary (d. 1881)
* 1819 &ndash; Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol, Catalan engineer, artist and inventor (d. 1885)
* 1821 &ndash; Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American politician (d. 1874)
* 1823 &ndash; Alexandre Cabanel, French painter (d. 1889)
* 1828 &ndash; Friedrich Albert Lange, German philosopher (d. 1875)
* 1836 &ndash; Thomas Crapper, English inventor (d. 1910)
* 1838 &ndash; Sai Baba of Shirdi, Indian national saint (d. 1918)
* 1841 &ndash; Georges Clemenceau, French politician (d. 1929)
* 1844 &ndash; Robert Stout, Scottish–New Zealand lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930)
* 1852 &ndash; Henri Moissan, French chemist (d. 1907)
* 1859 &ndash; Alfredo Baquerizo, President of Ecuador (d. 1951)
* 1860 &ndash; Paul Ulrich Villard, French chemist and physicist (d. 1934)
* 1863 &ndash; King Carlos I of Portugal (d. 1908)
* 1865 &ndash; Amélie of Orléans (d. 1951)
* 1867 &ndash; Hiranuma Kiichiro, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952)
* 1871 &ndash; Pietro Badoglio, Italian soldier and politician (d. 1956)
* 1871 &ndash; Fred P. Cone, Governor of Florida (d. 1948)
* 1878 &ndash; Joseph Ruddy, American freestyle swimmer and water polo player (d. 1962)
* 1882 &ndash; Alexander Kutupov, Russian general (d. 1930)
* 1887 &ndash; Avery Brundage, American sports official, President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1975)
* 1889 &ndash; Jack Fournier, American baseball player (d. 1973)
* 1892 &ndash; Elmer Rice, American dramatist (d. 1973)
* 1893 &ndash; Giannis Skaribas, Greek writer and dramatist (d. 1984)
* 1895 &ndash; Prentice Cooper, 36th Governor of Tennessee (d. 1969)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Ed Sullivan, American television host (d. 1974)
* 1901 &ndash; William S. Paley, American radio and TV executive (d. 1990)
* 1905 &ndash; Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005)
* 1907 &ndash; Heikki Savolainen, Finnish gymnast (d. 1997)
* 1909 &ndash; Al Capp, American cartoonist (d. 1979)
* 1910 &ndash; Diosdado Macapagal, President of the Philippines (d. 1997)
* 1914 &ndash; Maria Franziska von Trapp, Austrian–American singer (d. 2014)
* 1915 &ndash; Ethel Rosenberg, American alleged spy (d. 1953)
* 1916 &ndash; Peter Finch, British actor (d. 1997)
* 1918 &ndash; Willi Ritschard, Swiss politician (d. 1983)
* 1923 &ndash; William Windom, American actor (d. 2012)
* 1924 &ndash; Rudolf Barshai, Russian conductor and violist (d. 2010)
* 1924 &ndash; Giuseppe Chiappella, Italian footballer (d. 2009)
* 1924 &ndash; Marcello Mastroianni, Italian actor (d. 1996)
* 1925 &ndash; Seymour Cray, American computer scientist (d. 1996)
* 1928 &ndash; Koko Taylor, American blues musician (d. 2009)
* 1930 &ndash; Immanuel Wallerstein, American sociologist and social scientist (d. 2019)
* 1932 &ndash; Víctor Jara, Chilean singer and songwriter (d. 1973)
* 1933 &ndash; Madeleine M. Kunin, Swiss–born American politician, 77th Governor of Vermont
* 1933 &ndash; Miguel Berrocal, Spanish sculptor (d. 2006)
* 1934 &ndash; Brigitte Bardot, French actress and animal activist (d. 2025)
* 1935 &ndash; Pierre Ryckmans, Belgian–Australian writer and diplomat (d. 2014)
* 1935 &ndash; Heather Sears, English actress (d. 1994)
* 1938 &ndash; Ben E. King, American singer (d. 2015)
* 1938 &ndash; Myechyslaw Hryb, former President of Belarus
* 1939 &ndash; Elbridge Bryant, American tenor (d. 1975)
* 1939 &ndash; Iain MacCormick, Scottish politician (d. 2014)
* 1939 &ndash; Rudolph Walker, Trinidadian–English actor
* 1939 &ndash; Stuart Kauffman, American physician and biologist
* 1941 &ndash; David Lewis, American philosopher (d. 2001)
* 1941 &ndash; Edmund Stoiber, German politician
* 1942 &ndash; Donna Leon, American writer
* 1942 &ndash; Tim Maia, Brazilian musician and songwriter (d. 1998)
* 1943 &ndash; Nick St. Nicholas, German–Canadian musician (Steppenwolf)
* 1944 &ndash; Yoshitada Yamaguchi, Japanese footballer
* 1944 &ndash; Milos Zeman, former Prime Minister, and current President, of the Czech Republic
* 1946 &ndash; Helen Shapiro, English singer
* 1947 &ndash; Bob Carr, former Premier of New South Wales
* 1947 &ndash; Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh
* 1947 &ndash; Jon Snow, English broadcast journalist
* 1949 &ndash; Jim Henshaw, Canadian actor, screenwriter and producer
* 1949 &ndash; George Kerevan, Scottish journalist, economist and politician, former SNP MP
* 1950 &ndash; John Sayles, American director and screenwriter
* 1950 &ndash; Laurie Lewis, American musician

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Jim Diamond, Scottish singer (d. 2015)
* 1952 &ndash; Sylvia Kristel, Dutch actress, model and singer (d. 2012)
* 1953 &ndash; Otmar Hasler, 11th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
* 1954 &ndash; Margot Wallström, Swedish politician
* 1955 &ndash; Stéphane Dion, Canadian politician
* 1960 &ndash; Jennifer Rush, American singer
* 1960 &ndash; Socrates B. Villegas, Filipino archbishop
* 1960 &ndash; Kamlesh Patel, Baron Patel of Bradford, English politician
* 1961 &ndash; Quentin Kawananakoa, claimant to the throne of Hawaii
* 1961 &ndash; Yordanka Donkova, Bulgarian athlete
* 1961 &ndash; George Rossi, Scottish actor (d. 2022)
* 1964 &ndash; Janeane Garofalo, American actress and comedienne
* 1964 &ndash; Paul Jewell, English football manager
* 1965 &ndash; Christopher Evan Welch, American actor (d. 2013)
* 1966 &ndash; Ginger Fish, American musician
* 1966 &ndash; Maria Canals-Barrera, American actress
* 1966 &ndash; Leilani Sarelle, American actress
* 1967 &ndash; Mira Sorvino, American actress
* 1968 &ndash; Mika Hakkinen, Finnish racing driver
* 1968 &ndash; Naomi Watts, English–Australian actress
* 1969 &ndash; Angus Robertson, Scottish politician, SNP Deputy leader and former MP
* 1970 &ndash; Kimiko Date-Krumm, Japanese tennis player
* 1970 &ndash; Jo Wyatt, English singer and actress
* 1971 &ndash; George Eustice, English politician
* 1971 &ndash; Joseph Arthur, American singer
* 1972 &ndash; Dita Von Teese, American Burlesque dancer
* 1974 &ndash; Joonas Kolkka, Finnish footballer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Fedor Emelianenko, Russian mixed martial artist
* 1977 &ndash; Ireneusz Marcinkowski, Polish footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Peter Cambor, American actor
* 1978 &ndash; Bushido, German rapper and musician
* 1979 &ndash; Bam Margera, American skateboarder and actor
* 1981 &ndash; Jorge Guagua, Ecuadorean footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Melissa Claire Egan, American actress
* 1982 &ndash; Takeshi Aoki, Japanese footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Abhinav Bindra, Indian Olympic shooter
* 1982 &ndash; Ray Emery, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1982 &ndash; Ranbir Kapoor, Indian actor
* 1982 &ndash; Matt Cohen, American actor
* 1982 &ndash; St. Vincent, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1983 &ndash; Richard Henyekane, South African footballer (d. 2015)
* 1983 &ndash; Sarah Wright, American actress and model
* 1984 &ndash; Mathieu Valbuena, French footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Melody Thornton, American singer
* 1984 &ndash; Yvonne Ploetz, German politician
* 1985 &ndash; Shindong, South Korean singer and actor (Super Junior)
* 1986 &ndash; Andrés Guardado, Mexican footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Hilary Duff, American actress and singer
* 1988 &ndash; Marin Cilic, Croatian tennis player
* 1988 &ndash; Esmée Denters, Dutch singer
* 1989 &ndash; Darius Johnson-Odom, American basketball player
* 1990 &ndash; Kirsten Prout, Canadian actress
* 1992 &ndash; Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (d. 2014)
* 1993 &ndash; Jodie Williams, English athlete
* 2000 &ndash; Frankie Jonas, American actor

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 48 BC &ndash; Pompey the Great, Roman consul (born 106 BC)
* 235 &ndash; Saint Pontianus, Pope
* 876 &ndash; Louis the German, King of Eastern Francia (born 804)
* 935 &ndash; Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (born 907)
* 1104 &ndash; Pedro I, king of Aragon and Navarre (born 1068)
* 1197 &ndash; Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1165)
* 1582 &ndash; George Buchanan, Scottish philosopher and historian (born 1506)
* 1781 &ndash; William Henry Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford, British statesman and diplomat (born 1717)
* 1797 &ndash; Gunning Bedford, Jr., American politician, Governor of Delaware (born 1742)
* 1829 &ndash; Nikolay Nikolayevich Raevsky, Russian general (born 1771)
* 1844 &ndash; Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, Russian general and statesman (born 1769)
* 1859 &ndash; Carl Ritter, German geographer (born 1779)
* 1891 &ndash; Herman Melville, American writer (born 1819)
* 1895 &ndash; Louis Pasteur, French scientist (born 1822)
* 1899 &ndash; Giovanni Segantini, Italian–Swiss painter (born 1858)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1907 &ndash; Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden (born 1826)
* 1914 &ndash; Richard Sears, American businessman (born 1863)
* 1918 &ndash; Eduard von Keyserling, German writer and dramatist (born 1835)
* 1935 &ndash; William Kennedy Dickson, French–Scottish actor, director, producer and inventor (born 1860)
* 1935 &ndash; Hans Baluschek, German painter (born 1870)
* 1938 &ndash; Charles Duryea, American automobile manufacturer (born 1861)
* 1939 &ndash; William Dunlap, American painter and writer (born 1866)
* 1949 &ndash; Chrysanthus, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Athens (born 1881)
* 1953 &ndash; Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (born 1891)
* 1956 &ndash; William Boeing, American aviation manufacturer (born 1881)
* 1959 &ndash; Rudolf Caracciola, German racing driver (born 1901)
* 1964 &ndash; Harpo Marx, American comedian and actor (born 1888)
* 1966 &ndash; André Breton, French poet (born 1896)
* 1970 &ndash; Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (born 1918)
* 1978 &ndash; Pope John Paul I (born 1912)
* 1979 &ndash; John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (born 1921)
* 1981 &ndash; Romulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (born 1908)
* 1989 &ndash; Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (born 1917)
* 1990 &ndash; Larry O'Brien, American commissioner of the NBA (born 1917)
* 1991 &ndash; Miles Davis, American musician (born 1926)
* 1994 &ndash; Urmas Alender, Estonian singer (born 1953)
* 1994 &ndash; José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Mexican politician (assassinated) (born 1946)
* 2000 &ndash; Pierre Elliott Trudeau, fifteenth Prime Minister of Canada (born 1919)

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; Yukichi Chuganji, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1889)
* 2003 &ndash; Althea Gibson, American tennis player (b. 1927)
* 2003 &ndash; Elia Kazan, Greek–born American movie director (b. 1909)
* 2003 &ndash; Olle Anderberg, Swedish wrestler (b. 1919)
* 2009 &ndash; Guillermo Endara, President of Panama (b. 1936)
* 2010 &ndash; Arthur Penn, American screenwriter (b. 1922)
* 2012 &ndash; Michael O'Hare, American actor (b. 1952)
* 2014 &ndash; Petr Skoumal, Czech musician and composer (b. 1938)
* 2014 &ndash; Dannie Abse, Welsh writer (b. 1923)
* 2015 &ndash; Ignacio Zoco, Spanish footballer (b. 1939)
* 2015 &ndash; Michael Burgess, Canadian actor and tenor (b. 1945)
* 2015 &ndash; Walter Dale Miller, American politician, 29th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; Frank Martinus Arion, Dutch Antillean writer (b. 1936)
* 2015 &ndash; Frankie Ford, American singer (b. 1939)
* 2016 &ndash; Shimon Peres, former President of Israel, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1923)
* 2016 &ndash; Agnes Nixon, American television writer and producer (b. 1922)
* 2017 &ndash; Antonio Isasi-Isasmendi, Spanish film director (b. 1927)
* 2017 &ndash; Lee Hsin, Taiwanese politician (b. 1953)
* 2017 &ndash; Daniel Pe'er, Israeli television presenter (b. 1943)
* 2017 &ndash; Jürgen Roth, German journalist (b. 1945)
* 2017 &ndash; Benjamin Whitrow, British actor (b. 1937)
* 2017 &ndash; Andreas Schmidt, German actor (b. 1963)
* 2018 &ndash; Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister of Swaziland (b. 1942)
* 2018 &ndash; Ito Giani, Italian sprinter (b. 1941)
* 2018 &ndash; Bob Jane, Australian racing driver and entrepreneur (b. 1929)
* 2019 &ndash; José Aldunate, Chilean Roman Catholic prelate and activist (b. 1917)
* 2019 &ndash; Ismail Petra of Kelantan, Malaysian royal (b. 1949)
* 2019 &ndash; Jan Kobuszewski, Polish actor (b. 1934)
* 2019 &ndash; José José, Mexican singer and actor (b. 1948)
* 2019 &ndash; Mark Zakharov, Russian theatre and film director (b. 1933)

## Holidays and observances 
* RC Saints – St. Wenceslas, Lorenzo Ruiz – Also see September 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
* Czech Republic – Czech Statehood Day
* Taiwan – Teacher's Day (Confucius' birthday)
* World Heart Day
* World Rabies Day
* Ask a Stupid Question Day (United States)

## Other websites 
* BBC: On This Day