open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Choctaw Stadium

**Choctaw Stadium** (known until August 2021 as **Globe Life Park in Arlington**) is a stadium in Arlington, Texas. From its opening in 1994 until 2019, it was a baseball park that was home to the Major League Baseball team called the Texas Rangers. The ballpark replaced the old home of the Rangers, Arlington Stadium. It closed as a baseball park in October 2019 after the Rangers moved across the street to a retractable-roof stadium, Globe Life Field.

After the Rangers moved out, the stadium was rebuilt for football and soccer, and soon gained new tenants in both sports. In football, the Dallas Renegades, a team in the revival of the XFL (now called the UFL), started playing there when the league started in February 2020. In soccer, North Texas SC, a team that plays in the third level of U.S. soccer, originally USL League One and now MLS Next Pro, started playing at Globe Life Park in March 2020. The latter team, the reserve team of Major League Soccer's FC Dallas, had played its first season of 2019 at FC Dallas' home of Toyota Stadium in another Dallas–Fort Worth suburb, Frisco. In 2022, the Dallas Jackals, a new team in Major League Rugby, began using Choctaw Stadium as their home field. The stadium also hosts local high school football games.

In August 2021, the stadium received its current name via a sponsorship contract with Choctaw Casinos & Resorts, a Native American casino company.

## References
## Sources 
**Green Cathedrals*, by Philip J. Lowry
Japan Mint

The  is an Incorporated Administrative Agency.  It is a special type of governmental  in Japan.

The mint has its Head office in Osaka with branches in Tokyo and Hiroshima.

## History
The Meiji government established the Japan Mint.

In the early Meiji era, paper currency was printed by Dondorf and Naumann in Germany.

A proposal to construct a banknote manufacturing plant in Japan was approved in December 1874. A two-story Western red brick building was completed in October 1876.

The Mint became an Incorporated Administrative Agency on April 1, 2003.

## Related pages 
* List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan
* Japanese yen

## References
## Other websites 
* http://www.mint.go.jp/eng/index.html , http://www.mint.go.jp/index.html 
* Building a national currency (1868-1899)
Tiki Barber

**Tiki Barber** is a former American Football runningback (New York Giants), commentator, and children's author. He is the identical twin brother of Tampa Bay Buccaneers cornerback Ronde Barber. 

## College career
Barber played college football for the Virginia Cavaliers.

## NFL Playing Career
### New York Giants
In 1997, Barber was drafted by the New York Giants. By all field accounts, Barber's NFL career was a success. He got the Giants to a Super Bowl XXXV appearance and became the team's all-time leading rusher. Barber, however, surprised many when he decided to retire after the 2006 season. In 2007, the Giants won Super Bowl XLII without Barber.

### Attempted Comeback
In the 2011 offseason, Barber announced that he would seek an NFL comeback. The statement was not received well by nearly anyone, since Barber was 35 years old, well beyond the normal age that famous runningbacks retire. Barber talked about going to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and joining his twin brother Ronde Barber, but a Tampa Bay front office executive promptly said "no way." Barber was brought in by the Miami Dolphins for a tryout, but was not signed.

## Controversy
Barber has drawn critics on and off the field. He has been criticized for remarks he made about Giants teammates Michael Strahan and Eli Manning. Barber also divorced is wife while she was pregnant to marry a woman he had a relationship with while married.

## Children's Author
Tiki and twin brother Ronde Barber have written several children's books about their childhood and how they grew up. The twins have published *''By My Brother's Side* (2004), *Game Day* (2005), *Teammates* (2006), *Kickoff!* (2007), *Go Long!* (2008), *Wild Card* (2009), *Red Zone* (2010), and *Goal Line'' (2011). These have generally been popular.

## References
* Tiki Barber comeback fails, agent "flabbergasted 
* Tiki torches "idiots" for critisizing retirement decision
* Tiki Barber leaves wife
* Tiki Barber wants return with Tampa Bay twin Ronde Barber
* Barbers come out with new book-ABC News
Jim Harbaugh

**Jim Harbaugh** (born December 23, 1963) is an American football coach and former player. He is the current head coach of the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League & former head coach of the Michigan Wolverines, the team representing the University of Michigan from 2015 to 2023. Before returning to Michigan, where he had played in college, he coached the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League to a Super Bowl. Harbaugh is also a former NFL quarterback.

## Football career
Harbaugh was previously a quarterback in the NFL, and had a mediocre playing career in the 1990s. After his playing days were over, Harbaugh became a coach. He was notably the head coach of the Stanford Cardinal in college football. Harbaugh was known for his energetic style. He was then hired by the San Francisco 49ers of the NFL to be their head coach.

In a game against the Detroit Lions (49ers win), a postgame handshake made national news. In the game, Harbaugh challenged a scoring play. However, under NFL rules, scoring plays are always reviewed. Detroit coach Jim Schwartz reportedly screamed a curse. After San Francisco won, the coaches went to midfield to shake hands. However, Schwartz accused Harbaugh of "smacking his back and shaking his hand too hard." Shartz chased Harbaugh down the field, and they had to be separated. This is often called "The Handshake Game."

Harbaugh later led the San Francisco 49ers to the NFC Championship. He won the NFL Coach of the Year award for taking a struggling team (and quarterback, in Alex Smith) and taking them deep into the playoffs. Jim also adopted a chant used by his father. It has regularly been referenced in the 49ers' locker rooms. It goes: "''Whooo's* got it better than us?" Answer: *Nooooobody!''

He left the 49ers after the 2014 NFL season and returned to Michigan as the Wolverines' new head coach.

## Personal
Jim Harbaugh is part of the famous Harbaugh coaching tree that includes father Jack Harbaugh and older brother John Harbaugh.

## References
## Sources
# Much Ado About a Handshake-New York Times
# Jim Harbaugh is your coach of the year-Pro Football Talk.com
#Jim Harbaugh to San Francisco 49ers-ESPN
Toyotsu, Fukuoka

was a town in Miyako District, Fukuoka, Japan.

On March 20, 2006 Toyotsu was merged with the towns of Katsuyama and Saigawa, all from Miyako District, to form the new town of Miyako.

## History
The ancient capital city of Buzen Province was near Toyotsu.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Toyotsu website
Comiskey Park

**Comiskey Park** was a baseball park in Armour Square, Chicago, Illinois. For more than 80 years, it was the home field of the Major League Baseball team called the Chicago White Sox. It was opened in the middle of the 1910 baseball season, and closed after the end of the 1990 season. It was replaced by the park now known as Guaranteed Rate Field, which was built across the street to the south of Comiskey Park. The old ballpark was made of steel, concrete and bricks. It was fully destroyed in summer 1991.

## Sources 
**Green Cathedrals*, by Philip J. Lowry
Graphology

**Graphology** is the study of a person's handwriting, and what it reveals about them. It has been controversial since its beginning, and many think it is a pseudoscience.

Graphology in linguistics has a different meaning. There it means the writing system of a language, a parallel term to phonology.

## References
Trent Dilfer

**Trent Dilfer** (b. March 13, 1972) is the current head coach of the UAB (Alabama-Birmingham) football team and formerly an ESPN analyst and former American football quarterback. He played in the NFL for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1993-1999), Baltimore Ravens, (2000), Seattle Seahawks (2001-2004), Cleveland Browns (2005), and San Francisco 49ers (2006-2007). The only time Dilfer did not play in a season in his career was 2006 with San Francisco. During his career, Dilfer has been criticized for bad throwing. He did, however, win Super Bowl XXXV with the Ravens. He is famous for the conservative offense he was in with the Ravens in 2000, where he replaced Tony Banks.

## References
Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties

, also known as ***Tobunken***, is a governmental entity which focuses on the  of Japan's cultural heritage of objects, artworks and writings.

*Tobunken* is an Independent Administrative Institution (IAI).
 
## History
*Tobunken* was founded in 1930 as the Art Research Institute.

In 1952 *Tobunken* was reorganized into the Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties.

A department of  techniques was added in 1973 and an archive set up in 1977.

A program for international  was set up in 1993.

In 2001, the Tokyo Institute and the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties merged.

In 2007, the Research Institutes were merged with the Tokyo National Museum, the Kyoto National Museum, the Nara National Museum and the Kyushu National Museum.

## Related pages
* List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan

## References
## Other websites
* National Research Institute for Cultural Properties website , [http://www.tobunken.go.jp/index_j.html ]
Home Depot

**The Home Depot** (or **Home Depot**) is an American retail corporation that sells home improvement items. It has over 2,000 stores. The Home Depot is headquartered near Atlanta, Georgia.

The Home Depot makes more of a profit than any other home improvement store. It is the fourth largest chain store in general. The stores are very big, with high ceilings, like a warehouse. They are usually 105,000 square feet. (9,755 square meters). The biggest Home Depot is . It is in  Vauxhall, New Jersey.

## History
Bernard Marcus, Arthur Blank, Ron Brill and Pat Farrah founded The Home Depot in 1978.  They wanted to have warehouses to sell home-improvement tools and materials. A banker named Ken Langone helped them get enough money.

The first two stores opened in 1979 in the city of Atlanta. The first headquarters was on Terrell Mill Road in Marietta, Georgia. In the 1990s, The Home Depot moved its headquarters to some skyscrapers near the town of Vinings, Georgia.

The two founders, Marcus and Blank retired in 2000. Robert Nardelli became the new CEO. Robert Nardelli quit as CEO on January 3, 2007. He quit because of controversy about how much he was paid when the company was not doing well. Frank Blake became the new CEO.

## References
## Other websites
*Home Depot, Inc. (Corporate website) 
*Home Depot Canada (English and French website)
*Home Depot USA (English website)
Rod Woodson

**Rodrick "Rod" Kevin Woodson** is a former American Football defensive back. He played college football for the Purdue Boilermakers. Woodson was drafted into the National Football League by the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1987. He has also played for the San Francisco 49ers (1997), Baltimore Ravens (1998-2001), and the Oakland Raiders (2002-2003). Woodson won Super Bowl XXXV with Baltimore. Woodson has also been a regular appearance on the NFL Network. In 2011, the Oakland Raiders signed him as their cornerbacks coach. That was Woodson's only season as a coach. Then he went back to being a sports analyst for college and NFL football on radio. In 2009, Woodson was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. Woodson's 11 interceptions returned for touchdowns are an NFL record. 

## References
* Rod Woodson-Spiritus Temporis.com
* Rod Woodson: The Steelers, the breakup and his date in Canton-Post Gazette
Poaching

, a species now scarce due to poaching]]

**Poaching** is the illegal hunting, killing or capturing of animals. People poach because animal products, such as hide, ivory, horn, teeth and bone, are sold to dealers who make clothes, jewelry and other materials from them. The poaching causes various effects, its most direct impact is extinction, either globally or within a given . 

Poachers catch Indian tigers with steel traps. This is against the law. After trapping a tiger, they kill it and sell the body parts for money. Like the rhino, the tiger is a very endangered species. If the killing does not end, they both face extinction (all of that type of animal dies). Extinction means that someday there may be no Indian tigers or rhinos left on earth.
Busta Rhymes

**Trevor Smith, Jr.**, better known as **Busta Rhymes**, (born May 20, 1972) is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer and actor. He was born and raised in New York City to Jamaican parents.

He has performed with many pop groups, such as the Pussycat Dolls. He has carried many hit singles in his name. He is a very successful rapper who has made a lot of rap and hip hop hits. He also has a special rapping style.

So far he has been nominated for eleven Grammy Awards.

## Career
In 1989 Rhymes started a rap group called Leaders of the New School with Charlie Brown, Dinco D, and Cut Monitor Milo. The group's first album was released in 1991 by Elektra Records. In 1993 the band broke up.

In 1995 Rhymes started making his first solo album, *The Coming*. It was released March 26 1996.

*When Disaster Strikes...*, Rhymes' second album, was released September 16, 1997.

December 15, 1998 *E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event): The Final World Front* was released. It was nominated for Best Rap Album, Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the Grammy Awards.

*Anarchy* was released 2000. It was his last album on Elektra Records. On October 2 2001 *Total Devastation: The Best of Busta Rhymes* was released. In the same month Rhymes released a new album, *Genesis*. Four singles were released from it.

''It Ain't Safe No More...'' was released November 26 2002. The album's second single was "I Know What You Want". The song had Mariah Carey singing in it. It reached number 3 in the UK Singles Chart.

In 2006 *The Big Bang* was released. It was Rhymes' only release on Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment record label. Five singles were released from it.

Rhymes' eighth album, *Back on My B.S.* was released 2009.

*Year of the Dragon* was released 2012 for free on Google Play.

Rhymes' next album *Extinction Level Event 2* was released in 2014.

## Personal life
Rhymes is a Muslim. He has four children: three sons named T'Ziah (born 1993), T'Khi (born 1999), and Trillian (born 2001), and a daughter named Mariah (born 1998).

### Studio albums
* *The Coming* (1996)
* *When Disaster Strikes...* (1997)
* *Extinction Level Event: The Final World Front* (1998)
* *Anarchy* (2000)
* *Genesis* (2001)
* ''It Ain't Safe No More...* (2002)
* *The Big Bang* (2006)
* *Back on My B.S.* (2009)
* *Year of the Dragon* (2012)
* *Extinction Level Event 2: The Wrath of God* (2020)

### Collaboration albums
* *A Future Without a Past...* with Leaders of the New School (1991)
* *T.I.M.E. (The Inner Mind's Eye)* with Leaders of the New School (1993)
* *The Imperial'' with Flipmode Squad (1998)

## References
Jose Carlos Araujo Nunes

**Jose Carlos Araujo Nunes** (born 1977 in Castelo de Paiva) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for RCD Mallorca. Before he played in important teams like: Maia (1997-2001), Salgueiros (2001-2002), Gil Vicente (2002-2004), Sporting de Braga (2004-2006). In his history he won a lot of awards. The best award is the Champions League in his career.

This season will be the last of him. Nunes made his debut for the new club on September 29th, starting in a 0–3 home loss to FC Barcelona.
In mid-August 2011, Nunes suffered a serious knee injury during a friendly with S.S.C. Napoli.
Nunes has traveled with the Portuguese in the last world cup but only plays two games in all the World Cup
He plays with the best players in the world.
Played versus the best players in the world for  example:
Eto'o,Cristiano Ronaldo, Leo Messi and many more.

Nunes  is married to a European model and has a nine-year-old daughter
First captain of RCD Mallorca
When he was nine years Portuguese call it a team to play tournament after tournament and call him a German team.
Nunes continued to figure prominently in 2009–10, as Mallorca won its first 10 home league games of the campaign.
Brooks & Dunn

**Brooks & Dunn** is an American country music duo. In 1991 the duo had its first number one song on music charts Hot Country Songs and country chart in Canada.

The duo has been active again since 2015.

They were active from 1990 to 2010. The duo consisted of Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn who were originally paired by their record producer Tim DuBois. The duo won the Country Music Association Vocal Duo of the Year award every year between 1992 and 2006, although they didn't for 2000. Their two songs "Hard Workin' Man" and "My Maria" won the Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1993 and 1996. They announced that they would be breaking up on August 10, 2010.

## Discography
;Singles
* "Believe" (2005)
* "Brand New Man"  (2019)

;Other songs on music charts
* "It Won't Be Christmas Without You" (2002)

;Studio albums

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Give Me All Your Luvin'

"**Give Me All Your Luvin**" is a song by Madonna featuring rappers Nicki Minaj and M.I.A. The song was released in February 2012. It was released by Interscope. It was musically influenced by the 1982 Toni Basil song "Mickey" and the 2005 Gwen Stefani song "Hollaback Girl".

The song reached number one in Canada, the top ten in the US, and the top 40 in the UK.  The artists performed the song at Super Bowl XLVI.  M.I.A. flipped the middle finger, which was not caught in time by the censors.

## Background and writing
In December 2010, Madonna posted a message on her Facebook, exclaiming: "Its official! I need to move. I need to sweat. I need to make new music! Music I can dance to. I'm on the lookout for the maddest, sickest, most badass people to collaborate with. I'm just saying".

"Give Me All Your Luvin" was written by Madonna, Martin Solveig, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A., and Michael Tordjman, while production was helmed by Madonna and Solveig.

## Release and leaks
On November 8, 2011, a demo version of the song, named "Give Me All Your Love", was leaked. According to Keith Caulfield from *Billboard*, "Within a few hours, [the song and its leak] was among one of the top 10 trending topics worldwide on Twitter." Madonna's manager, Guy Oseary, addressed the leak on Twitter adding the singer's statement on the situation: "My true fans wouldn't do this". Oseary also clarified that their initial plan was for new music to come out in 2012 itself. He was happy with the positive reaction to the demo, but asked fans to help him police any more leaks. The leaked demo lacked vocals from both Minaj and M.I.A. which Madonna reflected upon, "It's really disappointing because you don't want things to come out till you're done with them, till you're ready. It's like everybody looking at your unfinished painting. It's like, 'Wait a minute. I didn't finish that. That's not fair."

## Credits and personnel
### Management
*Recorded at MSR Studios, New York City and Sarm West Studios, Notting Hill, London
*Nicki Minaj Appears Courtesy of Young Money Entertainment/Cash Money Records | M.I.A. Appears Courtesy of Interscope Records
*Webo Girl Publishing, Inc. (ASCAP), EMI Music Publishing France (SACEM), Money Mack Music/Harajuku Barbie Music, adm. by Songs of Universal, Inc. (BMI), N.E.E.T. Noise/Imagem Music (PRS)

### Personnel
* Madonna&nbsp;– writer, singer and record producer
* Martin Solveig&nbsp;– writer, record producer, synths, drums
* Nicki Minaj&nbsp;– writer, singer
* Maya Arulpragasam&nbsp;– writer, singer
* Michael Tordjman&nbsp;– writer
* Demacio "Demo" Castellon&nbsp;– recording, mixing
* Philippe Weiss&nbsp;– recording assistant
* Graham Archer&nbsp;– recording assistant
* Jason "Metal" Donkersgoed&nbsp;– additional editing
* Jean Baptiste Gaudray&nbsp;– guitars
* Angie Teo&nbsp;– mixing assistant
* LMFAO&nbsp;– remixing, additional production

Credits and personnel adapted from *MDNA* album liner notes.

## Certifications
## Release history
## References 
## Other websites
*
*
*
Christian Lorenz

**Christian "Flake" Lorenz** (born 16 November 1966) is a German musician. He has been a member of the band Rammstein since the band was formed. He plays synthesizer or keyboard when performing. Lorenz has been known to smash them at the end of a performance.

## References
Exothermic reactions

An **exothermic reaction** is a reaction where the substances react chemically to release energy in the form of heat. 

An example of this is combustion (burning). Exothermic reactions transfer energy to the surroundings. The energy is usually transferred as heat energy, causing the reaction mixture and its surroundings to become hotter. The temperature increase can be detected using a thermometer. Some examples of exothermic reactions are: 
*burning
*neutralisation reactions between acids and alkalis
*the reaction between water and calcium oxide

The chemical reaction that does the complete opposite, and absorbs heat, is an endothermic reaction.
Hermann Müller

:see Hermann Muller (disambig) for others with similar names

 
**Heinrich Ludwig Hermann Müller** (1829–1883) was a German botanist who provided important evidence for Darwin's theory of evolution.

Müller was an early investigator of coevolution. He and Darwin corresponded—36 letters between the two, or from Darwin concerning Müller, are recorded. Darwin cited him extensively in *The Descent of Man* for his information about the behavior of bees.

Hermann was the brother of Fritz Müller,p29 the German doctor who lived in the Amazon and researched its natural history. The work of both brothers was well known to Darwin.

This author is usually abbreviated **H.Müll.** when citing a botanical name.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Darwin's preface to the English translation of *The fertilisation of flowers*
Fusa Province

was a very old province of Japan in the area of Shimōsa and Kazusa  provinces on the island of Honshū.  It was sometimes called .  

The  of this ancient  are within Chiba Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture. 

## History
The history of the province started and ended before the Taihō Code was established at the beginning of the 8th century.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## Notes
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Maxi Iglesias

**Maxi Iglesias** (born 6 February 1991) is a Spanish actor.

## Early life and education
Iglesias was born in Madrid. His mother's name is Mercedes, she works in business management, and his father, Francisco, died when Iglesias was six years old. Iglesias is an only child. He attended school at Colegio Cardenal Spínola in Madrid. Iglesias' first movie was *La Pistola de Mi Hermano* (1997).

## Career
Maxi became famous in 2008, with the series *Física o química*. Iglesias has appeared in the following series: *Física o química*, *Hospital central*, *Amar en tiempos revueltos*, *Cuentame como paso*, *Los protegidos* and *Toledo*. Iglesias appeared in the following movies: *La pistola de mi hermano* (1997), *8 citas* (2008), *Mentiras y gordas* (2009), *After* (2009), *El diario de Carlota* (2010), *XP3D* (2011) and *El secreto de los 24 escalones* (2012). He is appearing in the new TV series *Toledo*, in the series he plays *Martín*.
Also is currently dancing as one of the stars in the Univision Spanish show *Mira Quien Baila*

## Personal life 
His hobbies are playing soccer, skiing and playing PlayStation. Iglesias currently lives in Madrid. His favorite music is electro-house, he's a DJ, his DJ name is *Dj Max*. Maxi is good friends with Luis *Lucho* Fernández, both have worked together in *Los protegidos* and in *XP3D*. He is also good friends with Úrsula Corberó, both have been friends for a long time, they have worked together in *XP3D*. Maxi's dream is to work with Javier Bardem one day, and achieve an acting career in Hollywood.

## Filmography
## Other websites 
*
T-Mobile Park

**T-Mobile Park** is a baseball park in Seattle, Washington. It is the home field of the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball. It opened in 1999, and it replaced the Mariners' old stadium, the Kingdome.

The stadium opened as **Safeco Field**, with the locally based Safeco Insurance signing a 20-year contract to place its name on the stadium. With the contract ending after the 2018 season, Safeco chose not to renew it. The team then signed a new 25-year naming rights contract with wireless carrier T-Mobile US, the main American arm of German telecom giant Deutsche Telekom. The new name took effect on January 1, 2019.

## Sources 
**Green Cathedrals*, by Philip J. Lowry
Paul Rugg

**Paul Rugg** is an American screenwriter, producer, and voice actor. He is the voice of Master Yao in *Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness*.

## Other websites
*
VOR

**VOR** or **vor** may refer to:

## Organizations 
* The Voice of Russia
* The Volvo Ocean Race
* The Vale of Rheidol Railway in Wales

## Science, technology, and aviation 
* VHF omnidirectional range
* The vestibulo-ocular reflex, an eye movement
* Voice-operated recording, see Voice-operated switch
* Visual Operating Rules, another term for Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

## Entertainment 
* VOR: The Maelstrom, a wargame
* Vor (Star Wars), a race in*Star Wars*
* Russian title of the 1997 film *The Thief*
* *VOR*, a novel by James Blish
* The Vor of Barrayar, the noble families of Barrayar

## Other uses 
* The goddess Vör in mythology
* Vor v zakone, or *thief in law*, a rank in the Russian Mafia
* abbreviation for vorarephilia
Sun Is Up

"**Sun Is Up**" is a song by Inna. Inna is a singer of dance music from Romania. The song is also a single and the first single from Inna's second album. The album is called *I Am the Club Rocker*. "Sun Is Up" was launched in Romania in August 2010. In 2011, it was out in UK, France, Germany, etc. It was a #1 in Switzerland and Bulgaria and a top ten in France and Romania. The video for the song is in Spain at a hotel and in it, Inna is in love with her photographer.
Chishima Province

was a old province of Japan north of the island of Hokkaido.  It included islands which are commonly known as the Kurile Islands or Kurile Islands. The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The  of this ancient province are generally   in part of what is today called Nemuro Subprefecture.

## History
After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional s were established. Chishima Province was one of the new  which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Chishima Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Chishima and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
RCD Mallorca

**R.C.D. Mallorca** is a football club which plays in Spain. It was founded in 1916, which makes it the second-oldest club in the Balearic Islands behind Club Deportivo Binissalem.

## History 
### The early years 
Founded on 5 March 1916, what would later become RCD Mallorca was registered at the Spanish Football Federation under the name of **Alfonso XIII Foot-Ball Club**.

Weeks after its establishment, the club wasted little time forming the directors of Alfonso XIII FBC, headed by engineer Adolfo Vázquez Humasqué and eight other football fans. Their first stadium, the Buenos Aires field, was inaugurated with a competitive fixture against FC Barcelona just 20 days after registering further fast-tracked development. Despite the fixture ending in a disappointing 8–0 defeat, it was not long before King Alfonso XIII himself requested the royal adoption of ‘Real’ in the team's title, therefore becoming **Real Sociedad Alfonso XIII Foot-Ball Club**.

In 1917, the Catalan Federation granted Real Sociedad Alfonso XIII admission into the second-tier league championship as an unofficial champion of the Balearic Islands. Booking a place in the final, Los Bermellones went on to record their first title with a resounding 3–1 victory over Futbol Club Palafrugell, in Barcelona.

## Name 
* 1916–1931 **CD Alfonso XIII**
* 1931–1939 **CD Mallorca**
* 1939–present **RCD Mallorca**

## League position 
### Former position 
* 1939/40 : Segunda División – 7th / Group C
* 1944/45 : Segunda División – 11th
* 1945/46 : Segunda División – 8th
* 1946/47 : Segunda División – 5th
* 1947/48 : Segunda División – 13th
* 1949/50 : Segunda División – 11th / Group B
* 1950/51 : Segunda División – 12th / Group B
* 1951/52 : Segunda División – 6th / Group B
* 1952/53 : Segunda División – 8th / Group B
* 1953/54 : Segunda División – 16th / Group B
* 1959/60 : Segunda División – 1st / Group B
* 1960/61 : La Liga – 9th
* 1961/62 : La Liga – 11th
* 1962/63 : La Liga – 13th
* 1963/64 : Segunda División – 3rd / Group B
* 1964/65 : Segunda División – 1st / Group B
* 1965/66 : La Liga – 15th
* 1966/67 : Segunda División – 5th / Group B
* 1967/68 : Segunda División – 4th / Group B
* 1968/69 : Segunda División – 3rd
* 1969/70 : La Liga – 15th
* 1970/71 : Segunda División – 9th
* 1971/72 : Segunda División – 12th
* 1972/73 : Segunda División – 10th
* 1973/74 : Segunda División – 11th
* 1974/75 : Segunda División – 17th
* 1981/82 : Segunda División – 6th
* 1982/83 : Segunda División – 3rd
* 1983/84 : La Liga – 17th
* 1984/85 : Segunda División – 7th
* 1985/86 : Segunda División – 3rd
* 1986/87 : La Liga – 5th
* 1987/88 : La Liga – 18th
* 1988/89 : Segunda División – 4th
* 1989/90 : La Liga – 10th
* 1990/91 : La Liga – 15th
* 1991/92 : La Liga – 20th
* 1992/93 : Segunda División – 4th
* 1993/94 : Segunda División – 5th
* 1994/95 : Segunda División – 12th
* 1995/96 : Segunda División – 3rd
* 1996/97 : Segunda División – 3rd
* 1997/98 : La Liga – 5th
* 1998/99 : La Liga – 3rd
* 1999/00 : La Liga – 10th

## References
Kim Wilde

**Kim Wilde** (born Kim Smith on 18 November 1960) is a British singer. She was born in Chiswick, Middlesex. She is the eldest child of rock musician Marty Wilde. She had her first hit single, "Kids in America" in 1981. She also released *Kim Wilde*, her first album, in 1981. In 1983 Wilde won Best British Female Solo Artist (UK) at the BRIT Awards. Wilde released her most recent album *Wilde Winter Songbook* on 11 November 2013. It is a Christmas album.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
*
Kibi Province

was a very old province of Japan in the area as Okayama Prefecture and eastern Hiroshima Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .

## History
Kibi was divided into Bizen, Bitchū, and Bingo provinces in the late 7th century.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## Notes
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Kronberger 61

**Kronberger 61**, also known as the "soccer ball", is a Nebula discovered by an amateur astronomer in January 2011. Newer images of this nebula were taken by the Gemini Observatory. The nebula was discovered by Austrian Mattias Kronberger, a member of the amateur group *Deep Sky Hunters*. They found it while searching near the northern constellation of Cygnus.

## References
Steve Bisciotti

**Steve Bisciotti** (born April 10, 1960 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) is a Baltimore businessman. In 2004, he became the majority owner of the Baltimore Ravens. He bought the team in 2004 from previous owner Art Modell. He owns a business that works with technology and computers.

## References
26th G8 summit

"family photo" at *Bankoku Shinryokan.* From left to right: Giuliano Amato, Tony Blair, Vladimir Putin, Bill Clinton, Yoshiro Mori, Jacques Chirac, and Jean Chrétien.]]

The **26th G8 Summit**  was a meeting in 2000 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.  

This meeting of the Group of Eight (G8) was the 26th meeting in a series which began in 1976.  The G8 and the summit are part of a "consultative process and not an international organization". 

The meeting took place in Japan at Naha on the sothern island of Okinawa.  The  group of leaders were together from July 21-23, 2000.

## Core participants
The s were the " members" of the group:

## Agenda
Global health first appeared as an international agenda issue at this meeting.

## Related pages
* G8

## References
## Other websites 
* Okinawa Summit 2000 
* Kyushu-Okinawa Summit 2000 documents, photos
* University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre 
* Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
Golden Sun (series)

***Golden Sun*** is a fantasy handheld role-playing video game series. It was developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo. The three games in the series are *Golden Sun*, *Golden Sun: the Lost Age* and *Golden Sun: Dark Dawn*. They were released in North American in 2001, 2003 and 2010.

The series' is based on Alchemy. In the first game, young Adept (means who can control Alchemy) Isaac and his friends travel to stop Alchemy from returning to the world. But in the second game, players' task is let the Alchemy return the world. 30 years later, the first two games character's children start a new adventure.

*Golden Sun* and *Golden Sun: the Lost Age* are both in IGN's Readers Choice Top 100 games.

*Golden Sun* and *Golden Sun: The Lost Age* were both released on the Game Boy Advance while *Golden Sun: Dark Dawn* was released on the DS

``

## References
Throw Momma from the Train

***Throw Momma from the Train*** is a 1987 American black comedy movie. It was inspired by *Strangers on a Train*, which also plays a role in the movie. The movie's title comes from "Mama From the Train," written by Irving Gordon and sung by Patti Page.

It stars Danny DeVito (who also directed), Billy Crystal, Anne Ramsey, Kim Greist, Rob Reiner, Branford Marsalis, and Kate Mulgrew, with a cameo appearance from Oprah Winfrey. The movie received mixed to positive reviews, but it was a commercial success. Anne Ramsey was singled out for praise for her portrayal of Mrs. Lift; she got an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.

## Cast
* Danny DeVito as Owen Lift, the main character. He is a student at Larry's college, as well as also being his friend. Throughout the movie, he tries to kill his mother in many different ways, but in the end, he decides not to kill her after all.
* Billy Crystal as Larry Donner. He is Owen's best friend.
* Anne Ramsey as Mrs. Lift, also known as Momma. She is the antagonist of the movie.
* Kim Greist as Beth, Larry's new girlfriend.
* Kate Mulgrew as Margaret Donner, Larry's ex-wife. Larry hates her with a passion and wishes her dead, and Owen tries to kill her by pushing her overboard, but it is later revealed that she was rescued is marrying someone else.
* Branford Marsalis as Lester
* Rob Reiner as Joel, Larry's agent
* Bruce Kirby as Detective DeBenedetto
* Oprah Winfrey as Herself
* Farley Granger as Guy Haines (archive footage)
* Robert Walker as Bruno Anthony (archive footage)

## Other websites
*
34th G8 summit

of Italy; President Dmitry Medvedev of Russia; Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany; Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the United Kingdom; Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda of Japan; President George W. Bush of the United States; Prime Minister Stephen Harper of Canada; President Nicolas Sarkozy of France, and José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission]]

The **34th G8 summit** was a meeting in 2008 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.

This meeting of the Group of Eight (G8) was the 34th meeting in a series which began in 1976.  The G8 and the summit are part of a "consultative process and not an international organization".

The meeting took place in Japan at  on the northern island of Hokkaidō.  The  group of leaders met from July 7–9, 2008.
 
## Core participants
The s were the " members" of the group:

### Invited leaders 
A small others were invited to join some of the discussions.

#### G8+5
The G8 plus the five other nations were known as G8+5.
*  **Brazil** Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President.
*  **China** Hu Jintao, President.
*  **India** Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister.
*  **Mexico** Felipe Calderón, President.
*  **South Africa** Thabo Mbeki, President.

#### Other leaders
*  **Algeria** Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President.
*  **Australia**  Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister.
*  **Ethiopia** Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister.
*  **Ghana** John Agyekum Kufuor, President.
*  **Indonesia** Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President.
*  **Nigeria** Umaru Yar'Adua, President.
*  **Senegal** Abdoulaye Wade, President.
*  **South Korea** Lee Myung-bak, President.
*  **Tanzania** Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, President.

#### Heads of international organizations
Leaders of some organizations were invited to be part of some of the discussions.

* **African Union** Jean Ping, AU Commission Chairman Jakaya Kikwete, AU Chairman.
*  **UNESCO** Koichiro Matsuura, Director General
* **World Bank** Robert Zoellick, President.
*  **World Health Organization** Margaret Chan, Director-General
* **World Trade Organization**  Pascal Lamy, Director-General

## Related pages 
* Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

## References 
## Other websites 
* Hokkaido Toyako Summit 
* University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre 
* Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
Anne Ramsey

**Anne Ramsey** (March 27, 1929 – August 11, 1988) was an American stage, television, and movie actress. She is probably most famous for her roles as Mama Fratelli in *The Goonies* and Momma in *Throw Momma from the Train*.

## Death
Her somewhat slurred speech was caused in part from having had some of her tongue and her jaw removed during surgery for esophageal cancer in 1984. In 1988, her cancer came back, and she died in August at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
12th G7 summit

The **12th G7 Summit** was a meeting in 1986 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The  group of leaders were together in Japan from May 4-6, 1986. The meetings were held at the State Guesthouse (Akasaka Palace) in Tokyo.

## History 
The Tokyo summit of the Group of Seven (G7) was the 12th meeting in a series which began in 1976.

A  G7 summit was hosted by Japan at Tokyo in 1979)

The G8 and the summit are part of a  process. The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

## Core participants 
The s were the " members" of the group:

## Overview 
The G7 leaders agreed to work together to improve policy coordination. There was a decision to establish a meeting of finance ministers.

## Related pages 
* G8
* List of G8 summits

## References 
## Other websites 
* University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre 
* Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
Carol Banawa

**Carol Banawa** (born March 4, 1981) is a Filipino singer. Her album *Carol* had a hit and was certified gold. Her three other albums, *Carol: Repackaged*, *Transition*, and *Follow Your Heart* was certified platinum. Her album, *My Music, My Life* was released in 2010, under Black Bird Records. She was also a part of Star Magic Batch 4 alumni.

In 2011, she won in ASAP Pop Viewers Choice 2011 for "POP MOVIE THEMESONG" after singing the official theme song of the Filipino movie *Till My Heartaches End*.

She is currently signed to ASAP Records.

## Discography
### Studio albums
## References
## Other websites 
*
The Marvelettes

**The Marvelettes** was an American singing girl group that were active from 1960 to 1972. Members of the group were Gladys Horton, Katherine Anderson, Wanda Rogers, Anne Bogan, Georgeanna Tillman, Wyanetta Cowart and Georgia Dobbins. They are probably best known for their #1 hit, "Please Mr. Postman". They were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2004 and were inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame in 2007.

The group has received several honors, including the Vocal Group Hall of Fame and the Pioneer Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. In 2005, two of the group's most successful recordings, "Please Mr. Postman" and "Don't Mess with Bill" earned million-selling Gold singles from the RIAA. In 2012, the Marvelettes were nominated for 2013 induction to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.

Other notable recordings were "Playboy", "Beechwood 4-5789", "Danger! Heartbreak Dead Ahead", "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", "When You're Young and in Love".

## Discography 
The Marvelettes released 12 albums:

## References
## Other websites 
*The Marvelettes Vocal Group Hall of Fame profile
Phoebe Tonkin

**Phoebe Jane Elizabeth Tonkin** (born 12 July 1989 in Sydney, Australia) is an Australian actress. She is best known for portraying Cleo Sertori in *H2O: Just Add Water* and Fiona Maxwell in *Tomorrow, When the War Began*. As of 2011, she portrays Faye Chamberlain in *The Secret Circle*. She was nominated 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards Best Lead Actress in Television Drama for *H2O: Just Add Water*.

## Filmography
## References 
## Other websites
*
John Ramsay, 1st Lord Bothwell

**John Ramsay, 1st Lord Bothwell** (born about 1464, died 1513) was a Scottish lord. In Parliament on 24 February 1484, James III of Scotland gave him the barony (title) of Bothwell. He  the title on 8 October 1488 and became Sir John Ramsay of Trarinzeane.
Ali Eisner

**Ali Eisner** (born 13 May 1973) is a professional puppeteer, screenwriter, creative producer, story editor, director and composer for children's television. The Juno Award-winning (Video of the Year, 2019) and three-time Gemini Award-nominated artist has brought their skills to networks like The Jim Henson Company (Fraggle Rock, 2021-2024), CBC (CBC Kids),TV Ontario (The Big Backyard), NBC (Sunny Side Up Show, Let's Go Show,The Sharing Show), Peacock Entertainment (Supernatural Academy), YTV(Brainwash), Disney Jr, Nickelodeon Jr, Family Jr and APTN. Ali's passion for Television has also led them to collaborate extensively with a rotating cast of established Canadian musicians, working in a wide range of mediums. Eisner identifies as Non-Binary/Transgender and strives to shine a light on the LGBTQ2S+community through their broadcast work, across a multi-platform career. Their goal is to educate and entertain, in hopes that we can be ourselves, together. 

## Other websites
*
Generic drug

, more than 20% of all drug sales are *generic*.]]
A **generic drug** is a drug that uses the same active ingredients than another drug, which is already on the market. This second drug often uses a brand name. The German company Bayer developed an analgesic based on acetylsalicylic acid in the late 19th century. It marketed the drug as *Aspirin*. The drug is no longer under copyright, and anyone can produce a drug with the same active substances, but they may not call that drug Aspirin, because that is a trade name. Very often, such drugs are marketed with the name of the main active substance, and the name of the company producing the drug. In most cases generic drugs are cheaper to buy than the branded alternatives.

## References
Víctor Casadesús

**Víctor Manuel Casadesús Castaño**, usually just called **Víctor** (born 28 February 1985 in Palma, Majorca, Balearic Islands), is a Spanish footballer. He plays for RCD Mallorca as a forward.

## International career
Víctor played for Spain at the 2004 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. He scored for Spain in the 2–2 semifinal draw (which they won in a penalty shootout) over Ukraine. He eventually got into the U-21s.

## Honours
;Spain U19
*UEFA U-19 Championship: 2004

## References
## Other websites
*Mallorca official profile
Iburi Province

, also called **Ifuri**, was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The  of this ancient province are generally  in what is today called Iburi Subprefecture.

## History
After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional s were established. Iburi Province was one of the new  which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Iburi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Iburi and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Earnest Byner

**Earnest Alexander Byner** (born September 15, 1962) is an American professional football coach and former running back. He is famous for one well known mistake while playing with the Cleveland Browns. While playing against the Denver Broncos in a 1986 playoff game, Byner fumbled at the Denver one yard line, which led to a Broncos victory. The play was called "The Fumble." Byner immediately became an assistant coach after his playing days were over.

## References
Former Provinces of Hokkaidō

The **Former Provinces of Hokkaido** were created by the Meiji period government of Japan in 1869.  They  only until the creation of prefectures.

## History
In 1869, the island of Hokkaidō was organized into 11 provinces.    

Other than the Hokkaido provinces, the majority of Japan's former provinces were converted into prefectures by the Meiji government between 1870 and 1876.

The Hokkaidō provinces were dissolved in 1882.  In that year, they were replaced with Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.  

In 1886, Hakodate, Sapporo and Nemuro prefectures were abolished.  

In 1947, Hokkaido Prefecture was established.  The old provincial  are  in the island's s.

## List of provinces
Although the 19th century provinces of Hokkaidō lasted for only a short time, the s of the land of the island are very much like those which still exist.

### Chishima
 was in the area of the southern part of Oshima Subprefecture and Hiyama Subprefecture. 

### Shiribeshi
 was in the area of the southern part of Shiribeshi Subprefecture,

### Teshio
 was in the area of Rumoi Subprefecture and the northern half of Kamikawa Subprefecture. 

### Tokachi
 was in the area of  Tokachi Subprefecture.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan

## References
Lee Unkrich

**Lee Unkrich** (born August 8, 1967) is an American director, editor, and screenwriter. He was the director of *Toy Story 3* (2010). He also helped direct other Pixar movies. These include *Toy Story 2*, *Monsters, Inc.* and *Finding Nemo*.  Unkrich was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

## Filmography
### Feature Films
### Television
**Prison Stories: Women on the Inside* (1991) (TV) (production assistant)
**Silk Stalkings* (1991) (TV Series) (assistant editor, editor, director)
**Renegade* (1993) (TV series) (assistant editor)
**Betrayed by Love* (1994) (TV) (assistant editor)
**Separated by Murder *(1995) (TV) (editor)

#### Short Films and Television Specials
## References
## Other websites
*
In the Bleachers

***In the Bleachers*** is a comic that comments on, and lampoons, sports. It was created in 1985 by cartoonist Steve Moore. It is syndicated internationally by Universal Press Syndicate.

## Other websites
* Official web site
* http://mag.awn.com/index.php?article_no=3023
Mike McGlone

**Michael "Mike" McGlone** (born 10 August 1972) is an American actor, singer, songwriter, and comedian. He is best known as the GEICO insurance spokesperson.

## References