open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yves Gérard

**Yves-René-Jean Gérard** (6 January 1932 – 6 October 2020) was a French musicologist. He was born in Châlons-sur-Marne, France. He was known especially for his scholarly works on the composers Luigi Boccherini and Camille Saint-Saëns. 

He was also known for his studies of the chamber music of late-18th century Italy, Spain, and Austria. 

In 1983 he co-edited volume 4 of Berlioz's *Correspondance générale*, and in 1996 he co-edited Volume 1 of the composer's *Critique musicale*.

Gérard died of cancer on 6 October 2020, aged 88.

## References
Epaminondas Stassinopoulos

**Epaminondas George Aristotle Alexander Stassinopoulos** (17 January 1921 &ndash; 16 May 2022) was a German-born Greek astrophysicist. He was the head of the Radiation Physics Office and Emeritus Astrophysicist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. He was the author of many papers and articles in the field of space radiation.

Stassinopoulos was born in Bonn, Germany. He turned 100 in January 2021. Stassinopoulos died on 16 May 2022 in Culver City, California at the age of 101.

## Works
* Stassinopoulos, E. , Stauffer, C. , & Brucker, G.  (1998). Miniature high-let radiation spectrometer for space and avionics applications. *Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, a*, *416*(2), 531-535.
* Barth, J. , Dyer, C. , & Stassinopoulos, E.  (2003). Space, atmospheric, and terrestrial radiation environments. *IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science*, *50*(3), 466-482.
* Stassinopoulos, E. , Brucker, G. , Adolphsen, J. , & Barth, J.  (1996). Radiation-induced anomalies in satellites. *Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets*, *33*(6), 877-882.
* Xapsos, M. , Huston, S. , Barth, J. , & Stassinopoulos, E.  (2002). Probabilistic model for low-altitude trapped-proton fluxes. *IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science*, *49*(6), 2776-2781.
* Xapsos, M. , Stauffer, C. , Gee, G. , Barth, J. , Stassinopoulos, E. , et al. (2004). Model for solar proton risk assessment. *IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science*, *51*(6), 3394-3398.
* Stassinopoulos, E. , Brucker, G. , Nakamura, D. , Stauffer, C. , Gee, G. , et al. (1996). Solar flare proton evaluation at geostationary orbits for engineering applications. *IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science*, *43*(2), 369-382.
* Stassinopoulos, E. G. et al.  *The Liulin-3m Radiometer for Measuring Particle Doses in Space and on Aircraft*   NASA TM-2002-21003, February 2002. NTRS 20020045323
* Stassinopoulos, E. G.  Measurements et. al*.  Measurements of Radiation Exposure on Commercial Aircraft with the Liulin-3m Instrument* NTRS 1999109154, p.&nbsp;82, 1998.
* Stassinopoulos, E. G. "The Earth's Trapped and Transient Space Radiation Environment" in *Terrestrial Space Radiation and Its Biological Effects*, NATO ASI Series A:  Life Sciences. v.154  Plenum Press, 1987. Edited by Percival D. McCormack, Charles E. Swenberg and Horst Bücker

## References
Greendale, Wisconsin

**Greendale** is a village in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 14,854 at the 2020 census.

## References
Greenhills, Ohio

**Greenhills** is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,741 at the 2020 census.

## References
Ruth Klüger

**Ruth Klüger** (30 October 1931 &ndash; 5 October 2020) was an Austrian-born American educator and writer. She was a Professor Emerita of German Studies at the University of California, Irvine and a Holocaust survivor. She was the author of the bestseller *weiter leben: Eine Jugend* about her childhood in the Third Reich. She also wrote *Still Alive*. She was born in Vienna.

Klüger died on 5 October 2020 in Irvine, California from problems caused by bladder cancer at the age of 88.

## References
Ivica Dačić

**Ivica Dačić** (, ; born 1 January 1966) is a Serbian politician. He has been the Minister of Internal Affairs since May 2024. He is the leader of the Socialist Party of Serbia.

From 2008 to April 2014, he was Minister of Internal Affairs, while also being Prime Minister of Serbia for part of that tenure, from July 2012 until 2014. He also was Acting Prime Minister of Serbia from 31 May 2017 until 29 June 2017.

He unsuccessfully ran for President of Serbia in 2004.

## References
Bisher Al-Khasawneh

**Bisher Al Khasawneh** (; born 27 January 1969) is a Jordanian lawyer and diplomat who was the Prime Minister of Jordan and Minister of Defense, succeeding Omar Razzaz. His government was announced on October 12, 2020.

He held the position of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2017 and Minister of State for Legal Affairs 2017-2018. He served as King Abdullah II’s Advisor for Communication and Coordination Affairs from April 2019 to August 17, 2020 and as the King’s Adviser for Policies in the Royal Hashemite Court until 7 October 2020

He obtained a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Jordan, in addition to a master's degree in International Law from the London School of Economics, and a Doctorate in Law from the same college. He also holds an MA in International Relations, Diplomacy and Economics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He also holds an Executive Diploma in Public Administration from Harvard Kennedy School.

## References
Parliament of Jordan

The **Parliament of Jordan** ( '**) is the bicameral Jordanian national assembly. It was created by the 1952 Constitution, the legislature made-up of two houses: the  **Senate'* ( *Majlis Al-Aayan*) and the **House of Representatives** ( *Majlis Al-Nuwaab'').

The Senate has 65 members, all of whom are directly appointed by the King, while the House of Representatives has 130 elected members, with nine seats reserved for Christians, three are for Circassian and Chechen minorities, and fifteen for women. The members of both houses serve for four-year terms.

## References
Senate (Jordan)

The **Senate of Jordan** is the upper house of the Jordanian parliament which, along with the House of Representatives forms the legislature of Jordan. 

All the Senate members of the country are chosen by the king of Jordan, but must follow the terms from Constitution of Jordan. The Speaker of the Senate has a term of two years which can be renewed. A Member of the Senate though has a term of four years which can also be renewable as well. 

The decisions they make are determined by the number of votes, not including the Speaker. But if there is a tie in the votes the Speaker may take a vote.

## References
House of Representatives (Jordan)

The **House of Representatives of Jordan** is the elected lower house of the Jordanian parliament which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of Jordan.

## References
Wishbone Ash (album)

***Wishbone Ash*** is the first studio album by British rock band Wishbone Ash. It was released on 4 December 1970. It reached number 29 on the UK Albums Chart in 1971.

## Track listing
"Blind Eye" and "Queen of Torture" were released on 7" single, MCA MK5061 (Decca 32826 in US) (February 1971)

## Personnel
*Andy Powell - lead guitar, vocals
*Ted Turner - lead guitar, vocals
*Martin Turner - bass, vocals
*Steve Upton - drums
*Matthew Fisher - piano on Blind Eye

## References
Heiloo

**Heiloo** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 23,464 people lived there.
Hollands Kroon

**Hollands Kroon** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 47,815 people lived there.

It was created on 1 January 2012 from the former municipalities of Anna Paulowna, Niedorp, Wieringen and Wieringermeer.
Herbert Feuerstein

**Herbert Feuerstein** (15 June 1937 – 6 October 2020) was an Austrian-born German journalist and comedian.

## Career
He worked for and, from 1968,  became editor of the German-language newspaper *New Yorker Staats-Zeitung*. 

From 1968, he was the editor of the German version of *Mad*.

He also worked as the dub voice of Gilbert Huph in the German-language version of Pixar's *The Incredibles*.

## Personal life
Feuerstein was born in Zell am See, Austria. 

He became a German citizen in 1990. Feuerstein died in Erftstadt, Germany on 6 October 2020, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* fan-site in German
* Feuerstein in the German national library
New York State Assembly

The **New York State Assembly** is the lower house of the New York State Legislature, the New York State Senate being the upper house. There are 150 seats in the Assembly. Assembly members serve two-year terms with no term limits.

The Assembly meets at the State Capitol in Albany. It is currently controlled by the Democratic Party.

## Leadership
## Composition
The Assembly has been controlled by the Democratic Party since 1975. As of October 2020, the Democrats hold 101 of the Assembly's 150 seats. 

## Members of the New York State Assembly
*+Elected in a special election

## Notes
## References
Bussum

**Bussum** was a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since 2016, it has been part of the new municipality of Gooise Meren.

## References
Wieringermeer

**Wieringermeer** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since 2012, it has been part of the new municipality of Hollands Kroon.
Wilcox's frog

'''Wilcox's frog**, **Kinghorn's tree frog**, or **Ithica Creek treefrog'* (*Ranoidea wilcoxii'')  is a tree frog from Australia.  It lives in Queensland and New South Wales.

The adult male frog is 3.5 to 4.8 cm long and the adult female frog is 3.9 to 6.5 cm long.  This frog is light brown.  Some frogs have markings and some do not.  This frog has a black and yellow stripe down each side of its body.  The eggs are dark in color.  The female frog lays eggs at the edges of streams where the water does not flow quickly or under rocks in the water.  This frog can catch the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.

## References
207 series (JR East)

The  or  was a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1986 by the Japanese National Railways (JNR) and operated by the  East Japan Railway Company (JR East) on through services between the Joban Line and Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line. Only one 10-car set was built, which was withdrawn in December 2009.

## References
Tokyo Metro 7000 series

The  is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan, since 1974. The design is based on the earlier Tokyo Metro 6000 series trains used on the Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line.

## Gallery

File:Tokyo Metro 7105-2005-12-18 1.jpg|Interior
File:Tokyo Metro 7022F.jpg|Set 7122 in Indonesia
East Japan Railway Company

The **East Japan Railway Company **() or the **JR East** is a major passenger railway company in Japan and is the biggest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company's headquarters are in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo. It is listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

## References
;Notes
E233 series

The  is a commuter and suburban electric multiple unit (EMU) train type developed by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) from the earlier E231 series and the E531 series design. The first train was introduced in December 2006 for use on the Chūō Line (Rapid), followed by the E233-1000 series variant in 2007 for use on the Keihin–Tōhoku and Negishi lines, the E233-3000 series outer-suburban variant in December 2007 for use on the Tōkaidō Main Line, and narrow-bodied E233-2000 series variant for Jōban Line and Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line inter-running services. Further variants were built for use on the Keiyō Line, Yokohama Line, Saikyō Line, and Nambu Line.

## Gallery

File:JR East Railway Company E233-0 T12 20190512.jpg|E233-0
File:JR East E233 series EMU 1029.JPG|E233-1000
File:E233系2000番台マト10編成.jpg|E233-2000
File:Syonan-Shinjuku Line E233-3000 Series 20190924.jpg|E233-3000
File:E233系5000番台ケヨ515編成.jpg|E233-5000
File:JR East E233-6000 H006 20190817.jpg|E233-6000
File:JR East E233-7000 Series No.138 20200107.jpg|E233-7000
File:JRE E233-8001F Trial.jpg|E233-8000
file:JREastE233-8570.png|E233-8500
File:JR East Kuha E232-7008-inside.jpg|Interior
R142 (New York City Subway car)

The **R142** was the first successful type of new technology (NTT) A-division subway car for the New York City Subway. It was built by Bombardier Transportation in La Pocatiere, Quebec and Barre, Vermont. Final assembly was performed in Plattsburgh, New York. These cars were built from 1999 to 2003. There are 800 cars numbered 6301-7150 and another 400 cars numbered 1101-1250, for a total of 1,200 cars, all arranged as five-car sets. The R142 and R142A replaced the Redbird trains, including the R26, R28, R29, R33, R33S, and R36.The R142 has accidents on 4 5 cars set in 2020 and 2025 6361-6370 and 1216-1220 On March 27, 2020, a northbound 2 train with operating lead consist 6346–6350 and trailing consist 6366–6370[20] was set on fire while traveling from 96th Street to 110th Street–Malcolm X Plaza. While the trailing consist was relatively unscathed and eventually returned to service in November 2020,[21] the lead consist suffered extensive damage and was retired. The fire erupted on board car 6347, damaging that car, as well as additional fire and smoke damage to the rest of the set, along with some moderate fire damage to the station as well. As a result, the whole set was taken out of service and stripped for parts.December 2020.
On October 19, 2025, a southbound 4 train was en-route to 149th Street–Grand Concourse when the link bar between two intermediate cars of the leading consist separated, specifically between cars 1218 and 1219 (the third and fourth cars) in consist 1216–1220, which subsequently split into two. No injuries were reported.
On December 9, 2025, a southbound 2 train was arriving at the 135th Street station when the link bar between two intermediate cars of the leading consist separated, specifically between cars 6362 and 6363 (the second and third cars) in consist 6361–6365, which split into two. No injuries were reported.
R160 (New York City Subway car)

The **R160** is a class of New Technology subway cars built for the New York City Subway B Division. Entering service between 2006 and 2010, they replaced all R38, R40/A, and NYCT-operated R44 cars, and most R32 and R42 cars. The R160s are very similar to the R143s and R179s.

The biggest differences between them are the FIND (Flexible Information and Notice Display) system and their propulsions sounds.

To address the 2017 State of Emergency, a Subway Action Plan  was executed to refurbish 100 R160s in order to increase capacity and improve the overall experience. These are known as the "Cuomo wraps", however multiple R160s receiving similar additions such as the looped stanchions, LED lighting, and display LCD screens. R160A-1  R160A-2 and R160B-1  8313-8842 & 9103-9974 has Alstom propulsion But the R160B-2 has Siemens propulsion 8843-9102  the differences between all R160A-1  R160A-2 and R160B-1 R160B-2 the R160A-1 has the Alstom propulsion but has one car shorter per set and has the 8 car set as well the door chimes is loud the R160A-2 has the Alstom propulsion has the 10 car set the  door chimes same loud sound  the R160B-1 has the Alstom propulsion has the 10 car set but the  door chimes are silent and has a loud shut.  the R160B-2 has the Siemens  propulsion has the 10 car set the door chimes are silent and has a loud shut but the sound is different from the R160A-1  R160A-2 and R160B-1 the "Cuomo wraps" are on the sides of R160A-1  R160A-2 and R160B-1 but not R160B-2 

## Gallery 

File:NYC Subway R160 9160 Interior (Retrofitted with R211 features).jpg|Interior (refubrished)
File:MTA NYC Subway F train arriving at Avenue P.JPG|Exterior (unrefubrished)
The Odd Couple II

***The Odd Couple II*** is a 1998 American comedy movie and the sequel to the 1968 movie *The Odd Couple*, directed by Howard Deutch and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. It stars Jack Lemmon, Walter Matthau, Richard Riehle, Jonathan Silverman, Jay O. Saunders, Jean Smart, Rex Linn, Alice Ghostley, Barnard Hughes and Rebecca Schull.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Anna Paulowna

**Anna Paulowna** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since 2012, it has been part of the new municipality of Hollands Kroon.
Buddy Buddy

***Buddy Buddy*** is a 1981 American comedy movie based on Francis Veber's play and the final film directed by Billy Wilder. It stars Walter Matthau, Jack Lemmon and Paula Prentiss with Neile Adams.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
N700 Series Shinkansen

The **N700 series** (N700系, Enu nanahyaku-kei) is a Japanese Shinkansen high-speed train with tilting capability developed jointly by JR Central and JR West for use on the Tokaido and San'yō Shinkansen lines since 2007, and also operated by JR Kyushu on the Kyushu Shinkansen line.

## Formation (N700A)

               

## Gallery

File:Shinkansen N700 z15.jpg|N700
File:N700-1000 G15 20151212.jpg|N700A
File:JRW N700-7000series S1.jpg|N700-7000
File:N700-8000 R2 20151026.jpg|N700-8000
File:Shinkansen N700Supreme Musashi-Kosugi Station.jpg|N700S
File:Shinkansen N700 series Standard-sized car seat.JPG|Interior
William Standish Knowles

**William Standish Knowles** (June 1, 1917 – June 13, 2012) was an American chemist. He was born in Taunton, Massachusetts.  Knowles was one of the recipients of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.  He split half the prize with Ryōji Noyori for their work in asymmetric synthesis, specifically for his work in hydrogenation reactions.  

The other half was awarded to K. Barry Sharpless for his work in oxidation reactions.

Knowles died on June 13, 2012 in Chesterfield, Missouri at the age of 95.

## References
Karl Barry Sharpless

**Karl Barry Sharpless** (born April 28, 1941) is an American chemist and Nobel Laureate in 2001 and 2022. He is  known for his work on stereoselective reactions and click chemistry.

## References
John B. Fenn

**John Bennett Fenn** (June 15, 1917December 10, 2010) was an American analytical chemist. He was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002.  Fenn shared half of the award with Koichi Tanaka for their work in mass spectrometry.

## References
Dan Shechtman

**Dan Shechtman** (; born January 24, 1941) is an Israeli chemist. He is the Philip Tobias Professor of Materials Science at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.

On April 8, 1982, while on sabbatical at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., Shechtman discovered the icosahedral phase, which opened the new field of quasiperiodic crystals.  

Shechtman was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals, making him one of six Israelis who have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2016.

## References
Koichi Tanaka

is a Japanese electrical engineer. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for creating a method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules with John Bennett Fenn and Kurt Wüthrich.

## References
Peter Agre

**Peter Agre**  (born January 30, 1949) is an American physician and molecular biologist. He was a professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

In 2003, Agre and Roderick MacKinnon shared the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "discoveries concerning ion channels in cell membranes." A

In 2009, Agre was elected president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and became active in science diplomacy.

## References
Tokyo Metro 08 series

The  is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on the Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line in Tokyo, Japan since 2003. Introduced into service on 1 July 2003, a total of six ten-car trainsets were manufactured by Nippon Sharyo between 2002 and 2003 to augment the Tokyo Metro 8000 series trains following the extension to Oshiage.

## Interior

File:TokyoMetro-08-interior.jpg|Interior view in February 2007
File:Inside-Tokyometro08-2.jpg|Tokyo Metro 08 Series Longitudinal Seating in May 2009
File:Inside-Tokyometro08-4.jpg|Wheelchair space
File:Tokyometro08-info1.jpg|LED passenger information display
File:08LCD.peg.jpg|LCD Passenger Information Display in January 2017

## Gallery

File:Tokyometro08-ATC.jpg|ATC equipment for the 08 series
File:Tokyometro08-SIV.jpg|SIV auxiliary power supply for the 08 series
File:Tokyometro08-MAP-178-15V108B.jpg|VVVF inverter of the 08 series
File:Tokyometro08-C2500LB.jpg|C2500LB air compressor for the 08 series
File:Truck ND730.jpg|ND730 bogie of the 08 series
File:Tokyometro08-cab1.jpg|Driver's cab of the 08 series
Aaron Ciechanover

**Aaron Ciechanover** ( ; ; born October 1, 1947) is an Israeli biologist. He won the Nobel prize in Chemistry for characterizing the method that cells use to degrade and recycle proteins using ubiquitin.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2009.

## References
Avram Hershko

**Alexander boti**(; born 31 December 1937) is a Hungarian-born  Israeli biochemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.

Along with Aaron Ciechanover and Irwin Rose, he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.

## References
Kurt Wüthrich

**Kurt Wüthrich** (born 4 October 1938) is a Swiss chemist/biophysicist and Nobel Chemistry winner. He is known for developing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods for studying biological macromolecules.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

## References
Michael Levitt

**Michael Levitt**,  (; born 9 May 1947) is a South African biophysicist. He is a professor of structural biology at Stanford University, a position he has held since 1987. Levitt received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 

## References
Arieh Warshel

**Arieh Warshel** (; born November 20, 1940) is an Israeli-American biochemist and biophysicist. He is  the Dana and David Dornsife Chair in Chemistry at the University of Southern California. He received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems".

## Scientific organizations
Warshel is a member of the following scientific organizations:

* Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
* Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
* Full Member of the USC Norris Cancer Center

## References
Eric Betzig

**Robert Eric Betzig** (born January 13, 1960) is an American physicist. He works as a Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular and Cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Janelia Farm Research Campus in Ashburn, Virginia.

Betzig has worked to develop the field of fluorescence microscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy.

He was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy" along with Stefan Hell and fellow Cornell alumnus William E. Moerner.

## References
Jean-Pierre Sauvage

**Jean-Pierre Sauvage** (; born 21 October 1944) is a French coordination chemist. He worked at Strasbourg University. He has specialized in supramolecular chemistry for which he has been awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa.

## References
Vincent & Theo

***Vincent & Theo*** is a 1990 Dutch British French German Italian American Argentine biographical drama movie directed by Robert Altman and starring Tim Roth, Paul Rhys, Kitty Courbois, Johanna ter Steege, Wladimir Yordanoff, Hans Kesting, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Anne Canovas, Jean-Pierre Castaldi, Peter Tuinman.

## Other websites
*
Ryōji Noyori

is a Japanese chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001, Noyori shared a half of the prize with William S. Knowles for the study of chirally catalyzed hydrogenations.

## References
Fraser Stoddart

**Sir James Fraser Stoddart**  (24 May 1942 &ndash; 30 December 2024) was a British chemist. He was Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry and head of the Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group in the Department of Chemistry at Northwestern University in the United States. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Ben Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Stoddart died on 30 December 2024 while on vacation at a hotel in Melbourne, Australia from cardiac arrest at the age of 82.

## References
Greenbelt, Maryland

**Greenbelt** is a city in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, and a suburb of Washington, D.C. The suburb was created in 1935 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as an experiment for the New Deal.

## References
Liberation of Paris

The **Liberation of Paris** () was a military battle that took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the Germans surrendered the French capital on 25 August 1944. 

Paris had been ruled by Nazi Germany since the signing of the Second Compiègne Armistice on 22 June 1940, after which the *Wehrmacht* occupied northern and western France.

## References
John Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton

**John Francis Harcourt Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton**,  (2 November 1928 – 6 October 2020), was a British merchant banker. He was chairman of British Petroleum (BP). Lord Ashburton also sat on the boards of Jaguar Cars, Dunlop Rubber and Royal Insurance.

Lord Ashburton died at his home on 6 October 2020 at the age of 91.

## References
Lloyd D. George

**Lloyd Dee George** (February 22, 1930 – October 7, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was born in Montpelier, Idaho. He was nominated to the United States District Court for the District of Nevada in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan. From 1992 to 1997, he was Chief Justice. 

George died on October 7, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 90.

## References
Alexander Alexeev (conductor)

**Alexander Alexeev**  () (10 March 1938 – 7 October 2020) was a Russian conductor. He was a Honored Artist of the RSFSR. He was Music Director of the Kharkov Philharmonic Orchestra. Alexeev recorded with different orchestras in Russia for the label Melodya, including the Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra.

Alexeev died in Saint Petersburg on October 7, 2020 at the age of 82.

## References
Ray Pennington

**Ramon Daniel Pennington** (December 22, 1933 – October 7, 2020) was an American country music singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He was known for writing the Waylon Jennings and Montgomery Gentry song "I'm a Ramblin' Man", and for founding the independent Step One Records label. He was born in Clay County, Kentucky.

Pennington died in a house fire in Hendersonville, Tennessee on October 7, 2020 at the age of 86.

## References
Hendersonville, Tennessee

**Hendersonville** is the largest city in Sumner County, Tennessee, on Old Hickory Lake. The population was 61,753 at the 2020 census.

## References
Sumner County, Tennessee

**Sumner County** is a county located on the central northern border of the U.S. state of Tennessee, in what is called Middle Tennessee.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 196,281. Its county seat is Gallatin. Its  largest city is Hendersonville. The county is named for American Revolutionary War hero General Jethro Sumner.

## References
A New Leaf

***A New Leaf*** is a 1971 American black comedy movie directed by Elaine May (who also stars) and was based on the short story *The Green Heart* by Jack Ritchie. It also stars Walter Matthau, Jack Weston, George Rose, James Coco, Doris Roberts and William Redfield and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

In 2019, the Library of Congress selected A New Leaf into the United States National Film Registry.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Emancipation

**Emancipation** is any time when someone tries to have more economic and social rights, political rights or equality. This is usually for a group of people that feels disfranchised.
## References
William E. Moerner

**William Esco Moerner** (born June 24, 1953) is an American physical chemist and chemical physicist. 

He is known for his first optical detection and spectroscopy of a single molecule in condensed phases.  Optical study of single molecules has subsequently become a widely used single-molecule experiment in chemistry, physics and biology. 

In 2014, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

## References
Simon Gutman

**Simon Gutman** (20 July 1923 – 5 October 2020) was a Polish-born French Holocaust survivor. He was born in Warsaw. 

Gutman was deported in the 1st Convoy to Auschwitz on 27 March 1942. His mother, Cyma, and, probably, his sister, Bella, were deported to Sobibor extermination camp in March 1943, where they died. 

Gutman stayed at Birkenau until 26 October 1944, when he was transferred to multiple camps, including Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, Hailfingen, Dautmergen, and Altshausen. He escaped during a death march. On 5 April 1945, they met up with the French 2nd Armored Division in Baden-Württemberg and were liberated.

He died on 5 October 2020 at the age of 97.

## References
R46 (New York City Subway car)

The **R46** is a New York City Subway car model that was built by the Pullman Standard Company from 1975 to 1978 for the IND/BMT B Division. They replaced all remaining Arnine cars and GE-powered R16s, and some R10s. The R46 order initially consisted of 754 single cars, each 75 feet (23 m) long, and was the largest single order of passenger cars in United States railroad history at the point of the fleet's completion. The R46 was the second order of 75-foot cars to be ordered for the New York City Subway, after the R44s.

## Other websites
Fail-Safe (1964 movie)

***Fail-Safe*** is a 1964 American Cold War thriller movie directed by Sidney Lumet and was based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Eugene Burdick and Harvey Wheeler. It stars Henry Fonda, Walter Matthau, Dan O'Herlihy, Frank Overton, Fritz Weaver, Edward Binns, Larry Hagman, Dom DeLuise and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Pete 'n' Tillie

'''''Pete 'n' Tillie'''* is a 1972 American comedy movie directed by Martin Ritt and was based on the 1968 novella *Witch's Milk'' by Peter De Vries. It stars Walter Matthau, Geraldine Page, Carol Burnett, Barry Nelson, Lee H. Montgomery and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1973. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Federation Council (Russia)

The **Federation Council** (; *Sovet Federatsii*, common abbreviation: Совфед (*Sovfed*) or ) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia  (the parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. 

## References
Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The **Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union** (or **Politburo**, ; abbreviated: ) was the highest policy-making authority within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

What happened at Politburo meetings remained a mystery until Soviet newspapers, in 1982, began to publish summaries of the ses­sions. 

It was founded in October 1917, and refounded in March 1919, at the 8th Congress of the Bolshevik Party. It was known as the **Presidium** from 1952 to 1966. The Politburo ended in 1991 when the Soviet Union broke-up.

## References
Jan Szarek

**Jan Szarek** (13 February 1936 &ndash; 8 October 2020) was a Polish Lutheran minister. He was Bishop of Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland from 1991 to 2001 and Chairman of Polish Ecumenical Council from 1993 to 2001. Szarek was born in Bielsko, Poland.

Szarek died on 8 October 2020 in Cieszyn, Poland from COVID-19 at the age of 84.

## References
Francesc Betriu

**Francesc "Paco" Betriu Cabeceran** (18 January 1940 &ndash; 7 October 2020) was a Spanish movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Organyà, Spain. Betriu was known for directing and writing the screenplay for *The Time of the Doves*, *Sinatra* and  *Monica del Raval*.

Betriu died on 7 October 2020 at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
Choi Yun-chil

**Choi Yun-chil** (July 19, 1928 &ndash; October 8, 2020) was a South Korean long-distance runner. He was a two-time Olympian and a two-time national champion in the marathon. He competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Tanchon, present-day North Korea.

Choi died on October 8, 2020 in Seoul at the age of 92.

## References
Federal Assembly (Russia)

The **Federal Assembly** () is the national legislature of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993). It was preceded by the Supreme Soviet.

It is made up of the State Duma, which is the lower house, and the Federation Council, which is the upper house. Both houses are located in Moscow.

## Notes
## References
Anne Carson

**Anne Carson**  (born June 21, 1950) is a Canadian poet, essayist, translator, classicist, and professor. She was born in Toronto.

Carson has taught classics, comparative literature, and creative writing at universities across the United States and Canada since 1979, including McGill, Michigan, NYU, and Princeton.

Carson published more than twenty books of writings and translations. She was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2005 for her works to Canadian letters.

## Works
**Eros the Bittersweet* (1986)
**Short Talks* (1992)
**Glass, Irony, and God* (1995) 
**Plainwater* (1995)
**Autobiography of Red* (1998)
**Economy of the Unlost* (1999)
**Men in the Off Hours* (2000)
**The Beauty of the Husband* (2001)
**Decreation* (2005)
**Nox* (2010) 
**Antigonick* (2012) 
**Red Doc>* (2013) 
**Nay Rather* (2013)
**The Albertine Workout* (2014)
**Float* (2016)
**Norma Jeane Baker of Troy* (2019) 

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Annie Ernaux

**Annie Ernaux** (born **Annie Duschesne**; 1 September 1940) is a French writer. She was born in Normandy, France. She writes many autobiographical works and awarded Nobel Prize in Literature in 2022.

Her books ''A Woman's Story,* *A Man's Place,* and *Simple Passion* were seen by *The New York Times* Notable Books, and *A Woman's Story* was a Finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. 

*Shame* was named a Publishers Weekly Best Book of 1998, *I Remain in Darkness* a Top Memoir of 1999 by *The Washington Post*, and *The Possession'' was listed as a Top Ten Book of 2008 by More Magazine.

## References
29th Street (movie)

***29th Street*** is a 1991 American biographical comedy drama movie directed by George Gallo and was based on the story by Frank Pesce (who also stars) and James Franciscus. It stars Danny Aiello, Anthony LaPaglia, Lainie Kazan, Robert Forster, Rick Aiello and Ron Karabatsos and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
* 
*
Darleane C. Hoffman

**Darleane Christian Hoffman** (November 8, 1926 &ndash; September 4, 2025) was an American nuclear chemist. She was among the researchers who found the existence of Seaborgium, element 106. 

She was a faculty senior scientist in the Nuclear Science Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor in the graduate school at UC Berkeley. 

In 2002, she was named as one of the 50 most important women in science by *Discover Magazine*.

She was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Hoffman died on September 4, 2025 at her home in Menlo Park, California at the age of 98.

## References
Shlomo Gazit

**Shlomo Gazit** (; 1926 – 8 October 2020) was a Turkish-born Israeli military officer and academic. He was a Major General in the Israel Defense Forces. He was in charge of Israel's Military Intelligence Directorate. He later was President of Ben-Gurion University and head of the Jewish Agency. He was born in Istanbul.

Gazit died on 8 October 2020 at the age of 93.

## References
Oostzaan

**Oostzaan** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 9,757 people lived there.
Bennebroek

**Bennebroek** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since 2009, it has been part of the municipality of Bloemendaal.

In 2007, 5,162 people lived there. It was the smallest municipality in the Netherlands, covering an area of only 1.75&nbsp;km².
Opmeer

**Opmeer** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 11,779 people lived there.

## Settlements 
* Aartswoud
* De Weere
* Gouwe
* Hoogwoud
* Opmeer
* Spanbroek
* Wadway
* Zandwerven

## References
Obion County, Tennessee

**Obion County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 30,787 people lived there. The county seat is Union City.

## References
BelaPAN

The **Belarusian Private News Agency** () or shortly **BelaPAN** () is a non-governmental news agency in Belarus. It is a big news agency in the country. BelaPAN makes news on politics, economy, and sports from Belarus in the Russian, Belarusian, and English languages. 

BelaPAN has the on-line newspaper Belorusskiye Novosti (naviny.by). Its site can't be opened in Belarus.

On January 14, 2021, the office of BelaPAN was searched. Computers and part of the written by hand and printed papers were taken away. All that stopped the work of the news agency.

On August 18, 2021, the police searched the office of BelaPAN, houses of its journalists.

In November 2021, the KGB declared BelaPAN an extremist formation. Creation of such a formation or participation in it is a criminal offence in Belarus, and indeed, Levshyna and Navazhilau were charged with creation of an extremist formation. BelaPAN websites, already blocked in Belarus, have stopped updating.

## Awards 
BelaPAN has received numerous awards, including:
* Dźmitry Zavadski Prize "For Courage and Professionalism" (2004);
*  (2005);
* the Runet Prize as the best online Russian language source of news outside Russia (2006);
* Corporate Social Responsibility Award (2016);
*editor-in-chief Iryna Leǔšyna got Journalist of Year award (2018);
* BelaPAN’s Taciana Karaviankova got the Civil Society Champion prize (2018);
*Leader of Consumer Market Award (2019).
## References
## Literature 
*  — ISBN 985-11-0061-7.
*  — ISBN 5-85700-074-2.
Jim Dwyer (journalist)

**Jim Dwyer** (March 4, 1957 &ndash; October 8, 2020) was an American journalist. He was a reporter and columnist with *The New York Times*, and the author or co-author of six non-fiction books. In 1992 and 1995, he won the Pulitzer Prize. 

Dwyer wrote columns for *New York Newsday* and the *New York Daily News* before joining the *Times*. He appeared in the 2012 documentary movie* Central Park Five*. He was born in New York City.

Dwyer died of lung cancer in New York City on October 8, 2020 at the age of 63.

## References
Fat-tailed dwarf lemur

The **kikkelinaamaapina** (*Cheirogaleus medius*), is a type of lemur. It is also called the **lesser dwarf lemur**, **western fat-tailed dwarf lemur**, or **spiny forest dwarf lemur**. It is only lives in Madagascar. It is nocturnal. It eats insects, other small animals, fruits and flowers. An adult weighs 160 grams.

## References
Béatrice Arnac

**Béatrice Arnac** (23 April 1931 – 5 October 2020) was an American-born French actress, singer, and composer. She was born in Waterbury, Connecticut. 

Arnac was known for her roles in ''Mata Hari's Daughter* (1955), *Frou-Frou* (1955), *Lola Montès* (1955), *La Traversée de Paris* (1956), *Les Truands* (1956), *OSS 117 Is Not Dead* (1957), *Last Known Address* (1970) and *Good Little Girls* (1971).

Arnac died in Castels et Bézenac, France on 5 October 2020 at the age of 89.

## Filmography
### Cinema
**La Fille de Mata Hari/Mata Hari's Daughter/La figlia di Mata Hari* (1955)
**Frou-Frou* (1955)
**Lola Montès* (1955)
**Milord l'Arsouille* (1955)
**La vie est belle* (1956)
**La Traversée de Paris* (1956)
**Les Truands* (1956)
**OSS 117 n'est pas mort/OSS 117 Is Not Dead* (1957)
**Le Souffle du désir* (1958)
**La Nuit des suspectes* (1960)
**Le Soupirant/The Suitor* (1962)
**La Journée de Pernette* (1963) (short)
**Dernier Domicile connu/Last Known Address* (1970)
**Midi Minuit* (1970)
**Les Petites Filles modèles/Good Little Girls* (1971)
**Hunter Nights* (2018)

### Television
**Isabelle* (1970)
### Soundtracks
**Le Soupirant/The Suitor'' (1962), performer "O toi l'amour"*

## Discography
**Chante Alain Saury* (1963)
**La rue Saint-Jean* (1964)
**L'amour* (1964)
**Beatrice Arnac* (1966)
**Les Temps Des Amazones* (1968)
**Beatrice Arnac* (1973)
**Animale* (1979)
**En Liberté En Public Au Fanal* (1979)
**Béatrice Arnac chante Zo d'Axa* (2001)
## Theatre
**Scabreuse Aventure* at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier (1957)
**Nouvelle Orléans'' at the Théâtre de l'Étoile (1958)
**Rosa la Rose* at the Théâtre des Capucines (1960)
**Caviar ou lentilles* at the Théâtre Michel (1965)

## References
Mohammad-Reza Shajarian

**Mohammad-Reza Shajarian** (; , 23 September 1940 – 8 October 2020) was an Iranian classical singer-songwriter, composer and calligrapher. He was a *Master* (master) of Persian traditional music. His best known single was "Night, Silence, Desert" (2000).

In 2017, *Los Angeles Times* called him as the "greatest living maestro of Persian classical music." He was born in Mashhad, Iran.

He supported the 2009 protests in Iran and was a critic of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

In 2001, Shajarian was diagnosed with kidney cancer. In January 2020, he was hospitalized in Tehran and had surgery.

Shajarian died on 8 October 2020 in Tehran at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Website of Mohammad Reza Shajarian
*Delawaz Records Website with pages of biography, discography, news and schedules of the artist.
*Mohammad Reza Shajarian
*Mohammad Reza Shajarian and Radif
*Shajarian Receives UNESCO's Mozart Medal
Jim Dwyer

**James Dwyer** may refer to:
*Jim Dwyer (journalist) (1957–2020), New York Times journalist
*Jim Dwyer (baseball) (born 1950), Major League Baseball player
*Jim Dwyer (rugby league) (1902–1983), Australian rugby league player
*Jamie Dwyer (born 1979), Australian field hockey player
*James Dwyer (politician) (1881–1932), Irish Cumann na nGaedhael politician
*James Dwyer (taekwondo) (born 1982), Irish taekwondo practitioner
*James J. Dwyer, American politician in the Massachusetts House of Representatives
*James Francis Dwyer (1874–1952), Australian writer
*James Dwyer (gymnast), American Olympic gymnast
*Pat Dwyer (American football) (James K. Dwyer, 1884–1939), American football coach

## Related pages 
*Séamus Dwyer (1886–1922), Irish Sinn Féin politician
Ali Khalif Galaydh

**Ali Khalif Galaydh** (, ) (October 14, 1941 – October 8, 2020) was a Somali politician. He was the Prime Minister of Somalia from October 8, 2000 to October 28, 2001. He was a member of the Federal Parliament of Somalia from 2012 until his death. He was also President of the Khatumo State between 2014 until his death. Galaydh was born in Las Anod, Somalia.

Galaydh died on October 8, 2020 at a hospital in Jigjiga, Ethiopia from COVID-19 at the age of 78.

## References
Jim Dwyer (baseball)

**James Edward Dwyer** (born January 3, 1950) is an American Major League Baseball outfielder. He enjoyed an eighteen-year major league career for seven different teams between  and .

He played for the St. Louis Cardinals, Montreal Expos, New York Mets, San Francisco Giants, Boston Red Sox, Baltimore Orioles and the Minnesota Twins. In 1983, he won the World Series.

## Other websites
*Baseball Prospectus
*BR Bullpen
*Retrosheet
Ouder-Amstel

**Ouder-Amstel** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 13,916 people lived there.

## References
North Haven, Connecticut

**North Haven** is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut on the outskirts of New Haven, Connecticut. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 24,253.

## References
South Haven, Michigan

**South Haven** is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Most of the city is in Van Buren County, although a small part of it goes into Allegan County. The population was 3,964 at the 2020 census.

## References
South Haven, Minnesota

**South Haven** is a city in Wright County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 185 at the 2020 census.

## References
Paw Paw, Michigan

**Paw Paw** is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 3,362 at the 2020 census.  It is the county seat of Van Buren County.

## References
Reddish-gray mouse lemur

The **reddish-gray mouse lemur** (*Microcebus griseorufus*) is a type of lemur. It is called the **gray-brown mouse lemur** or **rufous-gray mouse lemur**. It is found in Western Madagascar in the region around Beza Mahafaly Reserve, north to Lamboharana.

## References
Purmerend

**Purmerend** is a municipality in the province of North Holland, the Netherlands. As of 2022, about 92,000 people are living there.

The municipality of Beemster was added to Purmerend on 1 January 2022.

## References
Muiderberg

**Muiderberg** is a village in the municipality of Gooise Meren (formerly 
Muiden), Province of North Holland, the Netherlands.

In 2012, 3,070 people lived there.
Phillip Parker King

**Phillip Parker King**  (13 December 1791 – 26 February 1856) was an explorer, Royal Navy officer and politician from the colony of New South Wales. He is known as an early explorer of the Australian coastline. He also took part in the survey of Patagonian coasts. He served as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. In 1855, he was named as a rear admiral on the retired list. He was also a member of the Royal Society.

King was born on Norfolk Island. He was the son of Anna Josepha (*née* Coombe) and Philip Gidley King. He was named after his father's mentor, Arthur Phillip, the first governor of New South Wales and founder of the British penal colony which later became the city of Sydney. This explains the difference in spelling of his and his father's first names.

King married Harriet Lethbridge in 1817. The couple had eight children. Two of his sons, Philip Gidley (named after his grandfather) and John, were both pastoralists and politicians. King died in North Sydney on 26 February 1856 at the age of 64.

There are many  of things named after King. King Sound of the Kimberley in Western Australia is named after him. There are also six reptile species named after King: *Amphisbaena kingii*, *Chlamydosaurus kingii*, *Egernia kingii*, *Elgaria kingii*, *Hydrophis kingii* and *Liolaemus kingii*.

## References
Muiden

**Muiden** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since 2016, it has been part of the new municipality of Gooise Meren.

It is known for its castle-museum Muiderslot and consists of two villages: Muiden and Muiderberg.

## References
1991 DFB-Supercup

The **1991 DFB-Supercup** was the fifth season of the DFB-Supercup. This was the only season where 4 teams participated, because of German reunification in 1990. The 4 teams were the 1990-91 Bundesliga winners 1. FC Kaiserslautern, 1990-91 DFB-Pokal winner Werder Bremen, 1990-91 NOFV-Oberliga and 1990-91 NOFV-Pokal winners Hansa Rostock and 1990-91 NOFV-Pokal runner-up Stahl Eisenhüttenstadt.

Kaiserslautern would win the DFB-Supercup, after beating Werder Bremen 3–1 in Hanover.

## Qualified teams
The winners of the league and cup competitions of West and East Germany qualified for the tournament.

## Bracket
## Semi-finals
### League champions
### Cup winners
## Final

## Top goalscorers
## Related pages
* 1990–91 Bundesliga
* 1990–91 NOFV-Oberliga
* 1990–91 DFB-Pokal
* 1990–91 NOFV-Pokal
* Deutschland-Cup (football)
* East Germany–West Germany football rivalry

## Notes
## References
Philip King (Australian politician)

**Philip Gidley King** (31 October 1817 – 5 August 1904) was an Australian pastoralist and politician from the colony of New South Wales. He served as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1880 until his death in 1904. He was also the first mayor of Tamworth from 1876 to 1880.

King was born in Parramatta, New South Wales. His parents were Harriet (*née* Lethbridge) and Phillip Parker King. His father was an explorer, Royal Navy officer and politician. He was named after his grandfather, also Philip Gidley King, the third governor of New South Wales.

King married Elizabeth Macarthur in 1843. The couple had four children. He died of heart disease in Double Bay, Sydney, on 5 August 1904. He was 86.

## References