open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Masters of the Sun Vol. 1

***Masters of the Sun Vol. 1*** is the seventh studio album by American hip hop group Black Eyed Peas. The album was Black Eyed Peas' first in eight years, and their first album released after Fergie had left the group earlier in 2018. It is also their first where they are credited as *Black Eyed Peas* since *Bridging the Gap* (2000). It was released on October 26, 2018, and it is the last Black Eyed Peas album with longtime label Interscope Records.

## Reception
*Masters of Sun Vol.1* generally received positive reviews by the music critics.

## Track listing
**Notes**
* signifies a producer for part 1
* signifies a producer for part 2
* signifies an additional producer
* signifies a co-producer
*All track titles are capitalised, except for "pt.1 pt 2" in tracks 5 and 9, and "pt.1 pt.2 pt.3" in track 11. For example. "Ring the Alarm pt1. pt.2 pt.3" is stylised as "RING THE ALARM pt.1 pt.2 pt.3"

## Personnel 
**Black Eyed Peas**
* will.i.am – vocals on all tracks, piano, keyboards, programming, turntables
* apl.de.ap – vocals on all tracks except 15 [Japan edition], turntables 
* Taboo – vocals on all tracks except 14 [Japan edition] and 15 [Japan edition], turntables

**Additional musicians**
* J. Rey Soul – vocals on all tracks except 3, 7, and 14 [Japan edition].
* CL – vocals (track 6)
* Lauren Evans – co-writer (tracks 3, 5); vocals (track 3) 
* Ludacris – associate producer (track 7)
* Ali Shaheed Muhammad – bass guitar (track 7) 
* Nas – vocals (track 1)
* Phife Dawg – vocals (track 7) 
* Posdnuos – vocals (track 7) 
* Karlina Covington – vocals (track 7) 
* Nicole Scherzinger – vocals (track 10)
* Slick Rick – vocals (track 5)
* DJ Motiv8 – co-producer (track 11) 
* Mooky Mook – co-writer (tracks 1, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, and 13 [Japan edition])

## Charts 
## Release history 
## References
**Bibliography**

# 
# 

**Citations**

## Other websites
* Official website of The Black Eyed Peas
Kia Pegas

The **Kia Pegas** is a subcompact Sedan made by Kia since 2017 under the joint venture Yueda Kia a joint venture between Kia and Dongfeng which is a Chinese state-owned brand.

## History and Features 
The Kia Pegas was shown at the Auto Shanghai in 2017 it was targeted at young buyers it has a 1.4 liter petrol engine and also a 5-speed manual transmission and a 4-speed automatic transmission.   the car however did not received a facelift.

## Markets 
The Kia Pegas is sold mainly in China but also in Africa and Middle East in Southeast Asia and Latin America where its sold in these four places as the Kia Soluto.

## References
Dance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix

'''*Dance* *Dance Revolution: Mario Mix*''' is a music video game made by Konami and published by Nintendo. It is part of the Dance Dance Revolution series of games. It was released in 2005 for the Nintendo GameCube.
Kia Stonic

The **Kia Stonic** is a subcompact Crossover SUV made by Kia since 2017.

## History and Features 
The Kia Stonic made its debut at the International Auto Show Germany in 2017 its the smallest SUV on Kia`s lineup the name Stonic is derived from the words speedy and tonic. it has 1.0 1.2 and 1.4 liter gasoline engines and 1.6 diesel engines and it has a mild hybrid version. and has 5-speed and 6-speedmanual transmission a 6-speed automatic transmission and a 7-speed CVT transmission in 2020 it was facelifted.

## Markets 
The Kia Stonic is currently sold in Europe Australia Brazil and New Zealand. in South Korea it was Discontinued in 2020 due to poor sales. in China its sold as the Kia KX1. the KX1 was exported to the Philipines under the name Stonic. the Kia Stonic in Philipines was sold until 2024 when it was replaced by the Kia Sonet. 

## References
Viktor Rossi

**Viktor Rossi** (born 31 October 1968) is a Swiss politician. He is a member of the Green Liberal Party. He is the current Federal Chancellor of Switzerland since 2024. Rossi was the Vice-Chancellor of Switzerland from 2019 to 2023.

## References
Telluraves

**Telluraves**, also called **land birds**, are a group of birds that live in trees. Scientists recently grouped them using new genetic studies. This group includes many kinds of birds, such as songbirds, parrots, falcons, eagles, hawks, owls, and woodpeckers. In 2022, George Sangster and others described this group using a rule called PhyloCode. They defined it by including two bird species: the sparrowhawk and the house sparrow. Telluraves are closely related to another bird group called Phaethoquornithes.

The oldest members of two bird groups in Telluraves—Afroaves (eagles, owls) and Australaves (seriemas, falcons)—are hunters. This led some scientists to think the first Telluraves were also hunters.

Not all studies agree that Afroaves is one single group. In 2015, Prum and others showed a different family tree, placing hawks and vultures outside a group they called Eutelluraves. Another study in 2019, led by Houde, grouped owls with hawks and vultures as a separate branch. In 2024, Wu and colleagues supported this idea and named this branch Hieraves. They also said Australaves are closest to Hieraves, while a group called Coraciimorphae is the oldest branch of Telluraves.

The cladogram of Telluraves here comes from a 2024 study by Josefin Stiller and others. They used a bird species list updated in December 2023 by Frank Gill, Pamela Rasmussen, and David Donsker for the International Ornithological Committee. This list includes New World vultures as part of the hawk group.

## References 
### Citations
Citroën C5 X

The **Citroen C5 X** is a mid-size crossover SUV made by  Citroën since 2021.

## History and Features 
The name was previously used in the C5 the X in the name means crossover it was launched in 2022 the C5 X is a crossover SUV but it has a Station wagon design. the car has a 1.2 and a 1.6 turbo gasoline engines it has a Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) version with 4 driving modes called Electric, Hybrid, Comfort and Sport.

## Markets 
The Citroen C5 X is currently sold mainly in Europe but it was sold in Australia and is sold in China as the Citroen Versallies C5 X.

## References
Institute of Science Tokyo

or **Science Tokyo** in short, is a Japanese national university in Tokyo. It was officially created on 1 October 2024, by joining the Tokyo Tech and TMDU.

## Campus
Science Tokyo has six campuses in the Greater Tokyo area: three from the former Tokyo Tech (Ookayama, Suzukakedai, and Tamachi) and three from the former TMDU (Yushima, Kokufudai, and Surugadai).

## Schools and Divisions
### Division of Science and Engineering
*School of Science
*School of Engineering
*School of Chemical Technology and Materials
*School of Computer Science
*School of Life Sciences and Technology
*School of Environment and Society

### Division of Medical and Dental Sciences
*Faculty of Medicine
*Faculty of Dental Medicine
*Institute of Liberal Arts
*Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
*Graduate School of Health Sciences

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites
* Science Toyko website
Georges-André Chevallaz

**Georges-André Chevallaz** (7 February 1915 – 8 September 2002) was a Swiss politician. He was born in Lausanne.

Chevallaz was a member of the National Council of Switzerland from 1958 to 1973. He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1973 and retired on 31 December 1983. He was a member of the Free Democratic Party.

During his office time he held the following departments:
* Federal Department of Finance (1974–1979)
* Federal Military Department (1980–1983)

Chevallaz was the President of the Confederation in 1980.

Chevallaz died on 8 September 2002 in Lausanne at the age of 87.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Swiss National Library

The **Swiss National Library ** (; ; ; ) is the national library of Switzerland. It is in the capital Bern. It was founded in 1895.

## Other websites 
*
Hyundai Custo

The **Hyundai Custo** also known outside China as **Hyundai Custin** is a Minivan made by Hyundai through its joint venture with BAIC called Beijing Hyundai since 2021.  

## History and Features 
The Hyundai Custo was launched in 2021 it is named after Jacques Coustoneau which is a French explorer and inventor. it has 7 seater and two row seating the minivan shares its design features with the Hyundai Tucson. It has a 1.5 and a 2.0 petrol engines and the minivan has only a 8-speed automatic transmission.

## Markets 
The Hyundai Custo is sold mainly in China but its also sold in Taiwan Vietnam and Phillipines as the Hyundai Custin.

## References
Allobates melanolaemus

***Allobates melanolaemus*** is a frog species native to Peru.

The species is diurnal (Active during the day). It is located in Loreto Province in rainforests commonly found 200 meters above sea level. It lives near streams, but unlike other frogs in the same genus, it sometimes goes partway into the forest; as far as 25 m away from streams.

## Conservation 
Scientists think the frog could live in one protected park: Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Regional Conservation Area but have yet to formally record its presence there.

## Young
Scientists think the female frogs lay eggs on the dead leaves on the ground and that, after the eggs hatch, the adult frog carries the tadpoles to streams, like other frogs in *Allobates* do.

## References
Media Molecule

**Media Molecule Ltd.** is a British video game developer owned by PlayStation Studios. It was founded in 2006, succeeding Lionhead Studios.

## History 
In June 2006, Media Molecule signed a deal with Sony Computer Entertainment, which allowed them to create a game exclusive game for PS3.

In 2008, *LittleBigPlanet* was released exclusively to PlayStation 3. Media Molecule would then develop *LittleBigPlanet 2* in 2011 and start their *Tearaway* series.

## References
Turkish Land Forces

The **Turkish Land Forces** (Turkish: *Türk Kara Kuvvetleri*) is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations.
Turkish Armed Forces

The **Turkish Armed Forces** (**TAF**; Turkish: *Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri*, **TSK**) are the military forces of the Republic of Turkey. Coordinating the military relations of the TAF with other NATO member states and friendly states is the responsibility of the General Staff.
Turkish Naval Forces

The **Turkish Naval Forces** (Turkish: *Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri*), is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces.
Turkish Air Force

The **Turkish Air Force** (Turkish: *Türk Hava Kuvvetleri*) is the air and space force of the Turkish Armed Forces.
Piano Sonata No. 20 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 20 in G major***,* Op. 49, No. 2, is a piece of music for solo piano. It was written in 1797 and published in 1805 along with Sonata No. 19.

## Form
The sonata is in two sections, called movements:

## References
## Other links
*
Piano Sonata No. 18 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 18 in E-flat major***,* Op. 31, No. 3, is a piece of music for solo piano. It was written between 1801 and 1802. The sonata is also called ***The Hunt***.

The sonata is about 22 minutes long.

## Form
The sonata is in four sections, called movements: 

## References
## Other links 
*
Archduchess Andrea, Countess of Neipperg

**Archduchess Andrea, Countess of Neipperg** (born 30 May 1953) is the eldest of the seven children of Crown Prince Otto of Austria and Crown Princess Regina.

## Life
Andrea was born in exile at Würzburg, Bavaria in West Germany on 30 May 1953, the eldest child of Crown Prince Otto (eldest son and heir of the deposed Emperor Karl I of Austria and his wife, Empress Zita née Princess of Parma) and his wife, Crown Princess Regina (youngest child of Prince Georg, Hereditary Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and his wife, Princess Klara née Countess of Korff-Schmising-Kerssenbrock).

She was followed by four younger sisters, Archduchess Monika and Archduchess Michaela (b.1954), Archduchess Gabriela (b.1956), Archduchess Walburga (b.1958) and two younger brothers, Archduke Karl (b.1961) and Archduke Georg (b.1964).

## Marriage and issue
On 30 July 1977 Andrea married Count Karl Eugen, The Hereditary Count of Neipperg (born in Schwaigern, West Germany on 20 October 1951), the eldest son and heir of Count Josef Hubert, 9th Count of Neipperg and his wife, Countess Marie.

Andrea and Karl Eugen have five children:
* Count Maria *Philipp* Karl Friedrich Hubert Magnus (b. 06 September 1978)
* Count Maria *Benedikt* Reinhard Michael Alois Leo (b. 11 April 1980)
* Count Maria *Dominik* Georg Christoph Johannes Pantaleon (b.27 July 1981)
* Countess Maria *Hemma* Nathalie Sophie Franziska Georgine (b. 11 October 1983)
* Princess Maria *Katharina* Franciska Monika Elisabeth Georgina Lobkowicz (b.23 April 1986)

## Titles, styles and honours
### Titles and styles 
* **30 May 1953 – 30 July 1977**: *Her Imperial and Royal Highness* The Archduchess Andrea of Austria, Princess of Hungary, Princess of Bohemia, Princess of Croatia 
* **30 July 1977 – 12 September 2020**: *Her Imperial and Royal Highness* The Archduchess Andrea of Austria, Princess of Hungary, Princess of Bohemia, Princess of Croatia, The Hereditary Countess of Neipperg
* **12 September 2020 – present**: *Her Imperial and Royal Highness* The Archduchess Andrea of Austria, Princess of Hungary, Princess of Bohemia, Princess of Croatia, The Countess of Neipperg

### Honours
### Dynastic
*  House of Habsburg: Dame of the Imperial and Royal Order of the Starry Cross
*  House of Habsburg: Dame Grand Cordon of the Imperial and Royal Order of Elisabeth

## References
Annabel Lee

***Annabel Lee*** or ***Annabelle Lee***, is a poem which was composed by author Edgar Allan Poe. This story is about a man who lost the love of his life and finally met the girl Annabelle. But there was a tragic incident, where Annabel was killed by the angels because they were jealous of the love that Annabel and the other man had in their hearts.

## References
Claude Allègre

**Claude Allègre** (; 31 March 1937 – 4 January 2025) was a French politician and scientist. He was the Minister of National Education from 1997 to 2000 during the Jacques Chirac government.

Allègre died on 4 January 2025 in Paris, France at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Senate Article — Global Warming Skepticism
* Canada National Post Article — Allegre's second thoughts
Jan Grabowski (historian)

event.]]

Prof. **Jan Zbigniew Grabowski** (born June 24, 1962) is a Canadian professor of history at the University of Ottawa. Grabowski holds a PhD from Université de Montréal and an MA from the University of Warsaw. As of June 2025, he has an h-index of 17 and an i10-index of 28.

## Life
Grabowski was born in Warsaw, Poland to a Jewish father and Catholic mother. Grabowski's father was a Holocaust survivor from Kraków who fought in the Warsaw Uprising. While at the University of Warsaw, Grabowski joined anti-communist activities. After receiving his MA in 1986, he emigrated to Canada.
* Yad Vashem International Book Prize for Holocaust Research (2014)
* Arie van Mansum Award for Excellence in Holocaust Education (2019)

## Incidents
### Libel lawsuit
In February 2021, Profs. Jan Grabowski and Barbara Engelking were sued in a Polish court over a book about the role of Catholic Poles in the Holocaust. In August 2021, the Warsaw Court of Appeal dismissed the lawsuit against them.

### Research on Holocaust distortion on English Wikipedia
In February 2023, Profs. Jan Grabowski and Shira Klein published a 57-page article, reporting the widespread distortion of Holocaust history on English Wikipedia, which involved the exaggeration of Jewish collaboration with Nazi/Soviet occupiers, During the 2023 Hanukkah, the same MP put out a menorah with a fire extinguisher in the Polish parliament, who was expelled by the parliament and charged with hate crimes. Despite Braun's actions, he was elected to the European Parliament in June 2024.

## Selected works
### Books
#### 2020s
#### 2010s
#### 2000s
### Articles
#### 2020s
#### 2010s
#### 2000s
## Related pages
* Yehuda Bauer
* Shimon Redlich
* Jeffrey Kopstein
* Deborah Lipstadt
* Izabella Tabarovsky

## Footnotes
## References
La Chunga

**Micaela Flores Amaya** (1938 – 3 January 2025), better known by the stage name **La Chunga**, was a Spanish flamenco dancer, actress and painter. Her art was known as naïf art. She was also an actress who appeared in *Tip on a Dead Jockey* (1957) and *Vampire in Venice* (1988).

La Chunga died on 3 January 2025, at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hiroshi Hara (architect)

was a Japanese architect and writer. His major works were Kyōto Station, the Umeda Sky Building in Osaka, the Yamato International building in Tokyo and the Sapporo Dome in Hokkaidō. He was a professor at the University of Tokyo until 1997.

Hara died on 3 January 2025, at the age of 88.

## References
Gilbert Van Binst

**Gilbert Van Binst** (5 July 1951 – 3 January 2025) was a Belgian footballer. He played as a defender. He played for the Belgium national football team fifteen times from 1972 to 1977.

Van Binst died in Zaventem, Belgium on 3 January 2025, at the age of 73.

## Honours 
**Anderlecht**
* Belgian First Division: 1971–72, 1973–74
* Belgian Cup: 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1975–76; runner-up 1976–77
* Belgian League Cup: 1973, 1974
*European Cup Winners' Cup: 1975–76, 1977–78; runner-up 1976–77
* European Super Cup: 1976, 1978
* Inter-Cities Fairs Cup runner-up: 1969–70
* Amsterdam Tournament: 1976
*Tournoi de Paris: 1977
* Jules Pappaert Cup: 1977

**Club Brugge**
* Belgian Cup runner-up: 1982–83

**Belgium**
* UEFA European Championship third place: 1972

## References
## Other websites
*
Brenton Wood

**Alfred Jesse Smith** (July 26, 1941 – January 3, 2025), also known as **Brenton Wood**, was an American singer-songwriter. He was known for his three 1967 hit singles, "The Oogum Boogum Song", "Gimme Little Sign" and "Baby You Got It".

Wood died at his home in Moreno Valley, California on January 3, 2025 at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jeff Baena

**Jeffrey Lance Baena** (June 29, 1977 – January 3, 2025) was an American screenwriter and movie director. He wrote and directed *Life After Beth* (2014), *Joshy* (2016), *The Little Hours* (2017), *Horse Girl* (2020), and *Spin Me Round* (2022), and co-wrote *I Heart Huckabees* (2004). 

Baena was married to actress Aubrey Plaza from 2021 until his death.

On January 3, 2025, Baena was found dead at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 47. His death was ruled as suicide by hanging.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ferdi Tayfur

**Ferdi Tayfur** (; born **Ferdi Tayfur Turanbayburt**; 15 November 1945 – 2 January 2025) was a Turkish singer-songwriter, actor, director and screenwriter. He was born in Adana, Turkey. He mainly sung Arabesque music. He was known as "Ferdi Baba". He founded Ferdifon Records in 1982.

Tayfur died at a hospital in Antalya, Turkey from kidney failure on 2 January 2025, at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Ermita

**Ermita** is a district in central Manila, Philippines. It is a significant center of culture, parks, education and city governance. Ermita serves as Manila's civic center bearing a large portion of the area's employment, business and entertainment activities. Ermita and its neighboring district Malate were posh neighborhoods of Manila's affluent families during the early 20th century, where large, grandiose mansions once stood. The district and its surroundings were heavily bombed and flattened during the Second World War after which it underwent commercialization.

## History 
**Ermita** had the original name of *"Lagyo"*, as recorded by Miguel de Loarca in 1582. 

Lagyo was re-christened in the 17th century as *La Hermita* (Spanish for "the hermitage") after a Mexican hermit's residence in the area housing an image of the Virgin Mary known as the *Nuestra Señora de Guia* (Our Lady of Guidance). The hermit-priest's name was Juan Fernandez de Leon, who was a cleric in Mexico before relocating to Manila.

## References
Tariana Turia

**Dame Tariana Turia**  (née **Woon**; 8 April 1944 – 3 January 2025) was a New Zealand Māori rights activist and politician. She was first elected to Parliament in 1996 as a member of the Labour Party. In 2002, she was re-elected to parliament as a member of the Māori Party. From 2004 to 2014, Turia was the Co-leader of the Māori Party.

Turia died in Whangaehu, New Zealand on 3 January 2025, at the age of 80, after having a stroke. 

## References
Ralph Mann

**Ralph Vernon Mann** (June 16, 1949 – January 2, 2025) was an American sprinter and hurdler. He won a silver medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Mann died on January 2, 2025, at the age of 75.

## References
Francesc Antich

**Francesc Antich Oliver** (; 28 November 1958 – 2 January 2025) was a Venezuelan-born Spanish politician. He was the President of the Balearic Islands between 1999 and 2003, and 2007 and 2011. He also was the Secretary General of the Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands. Antich was born in Caracas, Venezuela. 

Antich died from cancer on 2 January 2025 in Mallorca, Spain at the age of 66.

## References
Jytte Abildstrøm

**Jytte Abildstrøm** (25 March 1934 – 2 January 2025) was a Danish actress, and theatre manager. She appeared in 40 movies between 1956 and 2006. She was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was known for her roles in *Helle for Helene*, *Don Olsen kommer til byen* and *The Adventures of Picasso*.

Abildstrøm entered hospice care in December 2024. She died on 2 January 2025, two months shy of her 91st birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jelly Roll (singer)

in 2024]]
**Jason Bradley DeFord** (born December 4, 1984 in Nashville, Tennessee; stage name is **Jelly Roll**) is an American country and pop music singer and recording artist. His songs include "Son of a Sinner" and "Need a Favor". For "Son of a Sinner," he won three CMT Music New Artist Awards.

During the 66th Annual Grammy Awards, DeFord was nominated for 2022 Best New Artist.

## References
Miasma theory

**Miasma theory** is an scientific theory no longer widely believed in where people believed that bad air known as miasma (a Greek word) caused many diseases such as cholera, chlamydia, and the Black Death. The theory also held that the miasma was caused by rotting or decomposing foods and organic matter. 

It was made popular by Greek philosopher and physician Hippocrates in the fourth century B.C. It would later spread to places in Europe and China. The theory stopped being used by scientists around the year 1880. The miasma theory was replaced by the germ theory of disease. This means that specific germs caused disease instead of miasma.

## References
Micah Beckwith

**Micah Beckwith** (born August 1982) is an American pastor and politician who has been the 53rd lieutenant governor of Indiana since 2025. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## References
Troy Downing

**Troy Bryan Downing** (born March 4, 1967) is an American politician and businessman. He is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for  since 2025. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was the Montana state auditor from 2021 to 2025.

## References
Gryla

**Gryla** is a Witch from Icelandic mythology who eats children who behave badly. She’s the mother of 13 children called the Yule lads who give Christmas presents to good children and rotten potatoes to bad children.

## Gryla in Medieval Sources 
In the 13th Century, Snorri Sturluson wrote that Gryla was a name for some female Trolls .  There’s a 17th Century poem about Gryla which says she’s a hermaphrodite.

## Christmas Folklore 
In early stories, Gryla asked parents to give her their badly behaved children so she could punish them. They could get her to leave by giving her food. There are stories about her kidnapping children every Christmas and then eating them.

## In Popular Culture 
Gryla is in the television show The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina played by Heather Doerksen.

Gryla is the main villain of the movie Red One.
Geetika Mehandru

**Geetika Mehandru** (born 19 November) is an Indian actress. She also appeared in the films *Kabir Singh* (2019) and *Jersey* (2022).

## Early life
Geetika Mehandru was born on 19 November in Chandigarh, India. On 18 April 2024, she married businessman Mohit Verma in Chandigarh.

## Career 
She made her television debut with Zee TV's *Jaat Na Poocho Prem Ki* as Jhimli in 2019. In 2020, she portrayed Ginni Bajwa in Colors TV's *Choti Sarrdaarni*. In July 2021, she left the show. In December 2021, she returned to the show.

Mehandru made her acting debut in Vanga's romantic drama film *Kabir Singh* in 2019, followed by Satellite Shankar. In 2022, she acted in *Jersey*. In 2022, She appeared in the romantic drama web series *Roohaniyat*.

## Filmography 
### Films 
### Television 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Abubakar Yerima Idris

**Abubakar Yerima Idris** is a Nigerian politician and lawmaker in the Nigerian National Assembly. 

He is from Nigeria's Yobe State. 

Since 2019, he has represented the Fika/Fune seat in the Yobe State National Assembly..

## References
Babangida Hussaini

**Babangida Hussaini** is a Nigerian politician.

He is currently a member of the All Progressives Congress and represents Jigawa North-West Senatorial District in Jigawa state.

## References
Buckner F. Harris

**Buckner F. Harris** (1761 – May 5, 1814) was US based politician from Georgia. During the American Revolutionary War Harris, a teenager with the rank of private, served with Georgia Governor John Clark.  He fought in the impressive American victory during the Siege of Augusta.

He was engaged in the lumbering business in the St. Marys River (Florida-Georgia) area.

Harris was known to cross the international border from the U.S. state of Georgia into Spanish East Florida and illegally cut and harvest yellow pine and live oak timber. These actions infuriated the Spanish government, East Florida settlers and land owners which increased the tensions along the Georgia/Florida border and with the relationship between the two nations.

The Spanish were successfully routed by the American militia ambush. There were six Spanish fatalities and twelve injuries reported. According to Buckner F. Harris's report, at least 20 Spanish were killed or injured by his militia.

The Patriot War and the Republic of Florida came to an end when Harris, the ebullient leader of the 'Patriot' movement, passed away and the US government refused to back them.

## References
Cristóbal Ortega

**Cristóbal Ortega Martínez** (25 July 1956 – 2 January 2025) was a Mexican professional footballer. He played as a midfielder for América in the Mexican Primera División from 1974 to 1992. He also played for the Mexico national team, making twenty-four appearances from 1977 to 1986.

Ortega died on 2 January 2025 at a hospital in Mexico City from cancer, aged 68.

## Honours 
;América
*Méxican Primera División: 1975–76, 1983–84, 1984–85, Prode-1985, 1987–88, 1988–89
*Campeón de Campeones: 1976, 1988, 1989
*CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1977, 1987, 1990
*Copa Interamericana: 1977, 1991

;Mexico
*CONCACAF Championship: 1977

;Individual
*Mexican Primera División Golden Ball: 1982–83

## References
Chris Pappas

**Christopher Charles Pappas** ( ; born June 4, 1980) is an American politician who has been the U.S. representative from New Hampshire's 1st congressional district since 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Pappas is the first openly gay man to represent New Hampshire in Congress.

## References
## Other websites
*Congressman Chris Pappas official U.S. House website
*Campaign website

*
David Lodge (author)

**David John Lodge**, CBE, FRSL (28 January 1935 – 1 January 2025) was an English author and critic. He was a professor at the University of Birmingham until 1987. He was known for his "Campus Trilogy" – *Changing Places: A Tale of Two Campuses* (1975), *Small World: An Academic Romance* (1984) and *Nice Work* (1988). 

In 1992, he published *The Art of Fiction*.

Lodge died in Birmingham, England on 1 January 2025, at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* David Lodge Biography
La Masia

**La Masia de Can Planes**, usually shortened to **La Masia** (English: *The Farmhouse*), is FC Barcelona's youth academy. It includes more than 300 young players and has been an instrumental factor in Barcelona's European success, and produces several world class players. It is widely considered to be one of the best academies in the world.
Múte Bourup Egede

**Múte Inequnaaluk Bourup Egede** (; born 11 March 1987) is a Greenlandic politician. He has been the 7th and current Prime Minister of Greenland since April 2021. 

Things that happened while primeminister: In 2025, the primeminister of Denmark came to Greenland. Earlier that year, the U.S. vice president came on an unofficial visit to the Pituffik Space Base.

## References
Nosferatu (2024 movie)

***Nosferatu*** is a 2024 American supernatural Gothic horror movie written and directed by Robert Eggers. It is a remake of the 1922 F. W. Murnau's silent movie *Nosferatu*.

## Cast
The movie stars Bill Skarsgård as the main character, with Nicholas Hoult, Lily-Rose Depp, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Emma Corrin, Ralph Ineson, Simon McBurney and Willem Dafoe.

## References
Emilio Echevarría

**Emilio Antonio Echevarría Noriega** (3 July 1944 – 4 January 2025) was a Mexican actor. He was born in Mexico City. His career began in 1978. He appeared in *Amores Perros* as "El Chivo". He also had a role in *Y tu mamá también*. He has also had small parts as Raoul in the James Bond movie *Die Another Day* and then as Antonio López de Santa Anna in *The Alamo*.

Echevarría died on 4 January 2025 in Mexico City, aged 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
The Witch (2015 movie)

***The Witch*** (stylized as ***The VVitch***, and subtitled ***A New-England Folktale***) is a 2015 folk horror movie written and directed by Robert Eggers. It stars Anya Taylor-Joy, Ralph Ineson, Kate Dickie, Harvey Scrimshaw, Ellie Grainger, and Lucas Dawson. 

It is set in 1630s New England and is about a Puritan family who find forces of evil in the woods near their farm.

## References
The Lighthouse (2019 movie)

***The Lighthouse*** is a 2019 Gothic horror psychological thriller movie directed and produced by Robert Eggers. It stars Willem Dafoe and Robert Pattinson. The movie is about nineteenth-century lighthouse keepers in trouble after being stuck at a remote New England lighthouse by a wild storm.

## References
Ralph Ineson

**Ralph Michael Ineson** (; born 15 December 1969) is an English actor. He is known for his deep Yorkshire-accented voice. He is best known as Chris Finch in the BBC sitcom *The Office* (2001).

He also appeared as William in *The Witch* (2015), Dagmer Cleftjaw in *Game of Thrones* (2012), Amycus Carrow in the final three *Harry Potter* movies, Nikolai Tarakanov in the HBO historical drama miniseries *Chernobyl* (2019), the main character in *The Green Knight* (2021), Cid in the video game *Final Fantasy XVI * (2023), Dr. Wilhelm Sievers in Nosferatu (2024) and the villain Galactus in *The Fantastic Four: First Steps* (2025).

## References
## Other websites
*
The Northman

***The Northman*** is a 2022 American epic historical action movie directed by Robert Eggers. It is based on the legend of Amleth. The movie stars Alexander Skarsgård, Nicole Kidman, Claes Bang, Anya Taylor-Joy, Gustav Lindh, with Ethan Hawke, Björk, and Willem Dafoe. 

It is about Amleth, a Viking prince who goes out on a journey to avenge the murder of his father.

## References
Simon McBurney

**Simon Montagu McBurney** (born 25 August 1957) is an English actor, playwright, and theatre and opera director. He is the founder and artistic director of the Théâtre de Complicité, London. He played Cecil in BBC's *The Vicar of Dibley* (1994–2004).

McBurney had roles in the movies *The Manchurian Candidate* (2004), *Friends with Money*, *The Last King of Scotland* (both 2006), *The Golden Compass* (2007), *The Duchess* (2008), *Robin Hood*, *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1* (both 2010), *Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy* (2011), *Magic in the Moonlight*, *The Theory of Everything* (both 2014), *Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation* (2015) and in *Nosferatu* (2024).

## References
## Other websites
*
Henri Maïdou

**Henri Maïdou** (born 14 February 1936) is a Central African retired politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Central African Empire (Central African Republic) from 14 July 1978 to 26 September 1979, and Vice President of the Central African Republic from 26 September 1979 to 22 August 1980.

## References
Red One (movie)

***Red One*** is a 2024 action Christmas movie starring Dwayne Johnson and Chris Evans.

## Plot
A hacker named Jack O’Malley is tricked into helping Gryla the Witch kidnap Santa Claus so Santa's bodyguard Callum gets Jack to help him rescue Santa with Krampus' help.
Chavarat Charnvirakul

**Chavarat Charnvirakul** (born 7 June 1936) is a Thai politician. He was an acting prime minister of Thailand for a few days during the 2008 Thai political crisis.

## References
Tulaga Manuella

**Sir Tulaga Manuella**, GCMG, MBE (born 26 August 1936) is a Tuvaluan politician. He was the 5th Governor-General of Tuvalu from 1994 to 1998.

## References
Abdallah Mohamed Kamil

**Abdallah Mohamed Kamil** (عبد الله محمد كامل; born 1936) is a Djiboutian politician. He was the third Prime Minister of Djibouti from 5 February 1978 to 2 October 1978. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first post-independence government. 

## References
Ali Aref Bourhan

**Ali Aref Bourhan** (1934 &ndash; 15 December 2025) was a Djiboutian politician. He was the 1st President of the Government Council of the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas from 1967 to 1976.

Bourhan died on 15 December 2025 at the age of 91.

## References
Hassan Gouled Aptidon

**Hassan Gouled Aptidon** (October 15, 1916 – November 21, 2006) was a Djiboutian politician. He was the first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999. He was also the 1st Prime Minister of Djibouti in 1977. 

Gouled Aptidon died at his home in Djibouti City on 21 November 2006 at the age of 90.

## References
Ahmed Dini Ahmed

**Ahmed Dini Ahmed** (1932 &ndash; 12 September 2004) was a Djiboutian politician. He was the second Prime Minister of Djibouti from 1977 to 1978. 

Dini Ahmed died on 12 September 2004 at a French military hospital in Djibouti City.

## References
Paul Sand

**Paul Sand** (born **Pablo Sanchez**; March 5, 1932) is an American actor and comedian. He was born in Santa Monica, California. He is known for his role as Robert Dreyfuss in the sitcom *Friends and Lovers*. 

In 1971, Sand won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play for his work on Broadway in ''Paul Sills' Story Theatre* and two Drama Desk Awards for Outstanding Performances on Broadway in *Story Theatre* and *Metamorphosis''. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Jules D'Oultremont

'''Jules D'Oultremont''' (30 May 1947 – 3 January 2025) was a Belgian politician. He was a member of Socialistische Partij Anders and founded in 2008 Sociaal & Democratisch. In 2003 D'Oultremont succeeded Guy Vrijs as deputy. At the 2005 elections D'Oultremont received a large number of votes. He wanted to become the chairman of the Openbaar Centrum voor Maatschappelijk Welzijn, but he was not given any mandate by his party. Alain Yzermans accused D'Oultremont that he had "violated political rules". It turned into a fight between the two. D'Oultremont felt that he was "politically murdered" and wrote and published because of that his own obit. In December 2008 it was announced he started the new political party Sociaal & Democratisch, together with Olga Van de Vloed.

D'Oultremont died in Genk on 3 January 2025, at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
* Collection of newspaper articles of D'Oultremont, at ouderenhart.be
2016 Nasirnagar Violence

The **2016 Nasirnagar violence** was an attack on Hindus by Islamist groups in Nasirnagar, Bangladesh. It started because a Hindu fisherman was blamed for a Facebook post against Islam on October 30, 2016. In the attack, 19 temples and about 300 houses were damaged, and over 100 people were hurt.

## Beginning of the incident 
In Haripur village, Rasraj Das was accused of posting a picture on Facebook. The picture mixed a photo of the Kaaba with a picture of Shiva. On October 29, a group of Muslims hit Rasraj Das and gave him to the police. He was charged with blasphemy and sent to jail under section 57(2) of the ICT act. Later, Rasraj said he did not know how to use Facebook, and someone had hacked his account. The post was also missing.

## Attack 
In 2016, a group called "Pure Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat" held a protest at Nasirnagar Government College, claiming that their religion was insulted. After this rally, about 3,000 Muslims attacked Hindu areas. They destroyed about 300 houses, temples like the Gaur Temple, idols, furniture, and donation boxes. They stole TVs, valuable items, and money. More than 50 people were hurt. Rasraj’s house was damaged. Priests, including Shankar Sen and Narendra Prabhu, were attacked. Temples such as Jagannath Temple, Kali Bari Temple, Shiva Temple, Durga Temple, and many others were vandalized.

A second attack on Hindus happened on November 4. Some people blamed Mohammad Sayedul Haque, a local leader and government minister, for making bad remarks. Awami League leaders were also blamed. Dewan Atiqur Rahman Akhi, a leader from Haripur, was called the mastermind. Other leaders involved were Md. Akhtar Mia and Abul Hashem.

## What happened after 
Eight cases were filed about the attacks. One was handled by the Detective Branch, and six by local police. Over 2,000 suspects were identified, and 126 were arrested. A forensic report found no bad image on Rasraj’s phone. He got temporary bail on January 16, 2017, but the case against him remains. The police have not finished their report.

## Reactions 
The Bangladesh Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian Unity Council condemned the violence. Their leader, Rana Dasgupta, said this attack showed that the government’s promise to stop such violence was weak. He demanded action.

## References
Juan Manuel Villa

**Juan Manuel Villa Gutiérrez** (26 September 1938 &ndash; 5 January 2025) was a Spanish footballer. He played as a midfielder. He played for the Spain national football team in 1964, making three appearances. He was born in Seville, Spain.

Villa died on 5 January 2025 at the age of 86.

## References
Jack Lowden

**Jack Andrew Lowden** (born 2 June 1990) is a Scottish actor. He is known for his roles as Nikolai Rostov in *War & Peace* and River Cartwright in *Slow Horses*. He won a Laurence Olivier Award for his role in *Ghosts* in 2014.

In 2024, Lowden married American-Irish actress Saoirse Ronan.

## References
## Other websites
*
Lateefah Simon

**Lateefah Aaliyah Simon** (born January 29, 1977) is an American politician who is the U.S. representative for California's 12th congressional district since 2025. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Jaap Ramaker

**Jaap Ramaker** (29 June 1939 – 12 December 2024) was a Dutch ambassador.

Ramaker was chairman of a working group of the United Nations. In this role he succeeded in the creation of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty on 24 September 1996. The treaty was signed by five of the eight countries with nuclear weapons. In 1997 he became ambassador for the Netherlands to the United Nations and special representative to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. 

He received the Wateler Peace Prize in 1997. In 2006 he was inducted into the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun (2nd Class with Gold or Silver Star).

Ramaker died on 12 December 2024, at the age of 85.

## References
Hugo de Schepper

**Hugo de Schepper** (12 November 1934 – 29 December 2024) was a Dutch naturalized, Belgian historian and university professor of General and Dutch history of the Modern Period (before 1870).

## Biography
De Schepper was born in Aalst, Belgium in 1934. He worked as a lecturer in higher secondary education (1956-1963); state archivist at the National Archives of Belgium (1963-1975); full professor of constitutional legal history at the University of Amsterdam (until 1981) and professor of General and Dutch history of the Modern Period before 1870 at the Radboud University Nijmegen. He published mainly on political and institutional history of the Netherlands in the 16th and 17th-century.

In 1973, De Schepper was laureate of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts. He was co-editor and author of *Algemene Geschiedenis der Nederlanden* (parts V-IX, 1979-1982). He also participated in the European Science Foundation's European research priority area on ‘Origins of the Modern State, 12th-18th century’ and was a member of the working group 'The Legal Instruments of Power', led by Prof. Antonio Padoa-Schioppa, in 1989-1994.

De Schepper died in Nijmegen on 29 December 2024, at the age of 90.

## References
Luz Rivas

**Luz Maria Rivas** (born February 6, 1974) is an American politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She is a member of the United States House of Representatives for  since 2025. Rivas was a member of the California State Assembly from 2018 to 2024.

## References
## Other websites
*Join California - Luz Maria Rivas
*
Sarah Elfreth

**Sarah Kelly Elfreth** (born September 9, 1988) is an American politician. She is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 3rd congressional district since 2025. She was a member of the Maryland Senate from 2019 to 2025.

## References
## Other websites
*

*
*
Kristen McDonald Rivet

**Kristen Lee McDonald Rivet** (born July 11, 1970) is an American Democratic politician who has been a member of the United States House of Representatives from  since 2025. She was a member of the Michigan Senate for the 35th district from 2023 to 2025.

## References
## Other websites
* Campaign website
*
Michigan Senate

The **Michigan Senate** is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. 

The Michigan Senate is made of 38 members. 

## References
Ahmed Abdou

**Ahmed Abdou** (born 1936) is a Comorian politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Comoros from 27 December 1996 to 9 September 1997. He was Minister of Finance briefly during 1972, and again from 1973 until the country became independent in 1975. 

## References
Maryland Senate

The **Maryland Senate**, sometimes known as the **Maryland State Senate**, is the upper house of the General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland. It is made up of 47 senators.

## References
Michigan Legislature

The **Michigan Legislature** is the legislature of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a bicameral government made of an upper chamber, the Senate, and a lower chamber, the House of Representatives 

The Legislature meets in the Capitol building in Lansing.

## References
Shadow of the Vampire

***Shadow of the Vampire*** is a 2000 independent period vampire Gothic mystery movie directed by E. Elias Merhige and written by Steven Katz. The movie stars John Malkovich and Willem Dafoe. 

It is a fictional version of the making of the classic vampire movie *Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens*, during which the movie crew begin to think their lead actor, Max Schreck, is a vampire.

## References
Barrington, New Jersey

**Barrington** is a borough in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 7,075.

## References
Maryland House of Delegates

The **Maryland House of Delegates** is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland. It is made of 141 delegates elected from 47 districts. The House of Delegates Chamber is in the Maryland State House on State Circle in Annapolis. 

## References
Maryland General Assembly

The **Maryland General Assembly** is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland that meets in the State House in Annapolis. It is a bicameral body: the upper chamber, the Maryland Senate, has 47 representatives, and the lower chamber, the Maryland House of Delegates, has 141 representatives. Members of both houses serve four-year terms.

## References
Belial

**Belial** is a term in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament which later became personified as the devil in Christian texts of the New Testament. 

The term has been spelled differently such as **Baalial**, **Balial**, **Belhor**, **Beliall**, **Beliar**, **Berial**, **Bylyl** and '''Beliya'al**. 

In the Secret Book of John, the ruler of the underworld is known as **Belias'''.

## References
Count Orlok

as Count Orlok in *Nosferatu* (1922)]]
**Count Orlok**, also known as **Nosferatu**, is a fictional character. He first appeared in the silent movie *Nosferatu* (1922) directed by F. W. Murnau. He also appeared in later remakes. The character is based on Bram Stoker's character Count Dracula. 

In the original 1922 movie Count Orlok is played by German actor Max Schreck. Klaus Kinski played the character in *Nosferatu the Vampyre* (1979) and *Vampire in Venice* (1988). Willem Dafoe played Max Schreck who played Count Orlok in *Shadow of the Vampire*. Bill Skarsgård played the character in *Nosferatu* (2024).

In *Nosferatu*, Count Orlok is a vampire from Transylvania known as the "Bird of Death" who eats the blood of living humans. He is believed to have been a black magician, transformed into a vampire by Belial, the lieutenant demon of Satan.

## References
Nellie Pou

**Nelida "Nellie" Avila Pou** ( ; born May 20, 1956) is an American Democratic politician. She is the U.S. Representative from New Jersey’s 9th congressional district since 2025. Pou was a member of the New Jersey Senate from 2012 to 2025 and the New Jersey General Assembly from 1997 to 2012.

## References
## Other websites
*
Maxine Dexter

**Maxine Elizabeth Dexter** (née **Johnson**, born December 5, 1972) is an American physician and politician. She is the U.S. representative for Oregon's 3rd congressional district since 2025. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was a member of the Oregon House of Representatives from 2020 to 2024.

## References
## Other websites
* Campaign website
* Legislative website 
* Medical website
Julie Johnson (politician)

**Julie Elizabeth Johnson** (born May 2, 1966) is an American politician. She has been the U.S. representative for Texas's 32nd congressional district since 2025. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was a member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 115 from 2019 to 2025.

Johnson came out as a lesbian in 1991. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Sheri Biggs

**Sheryl Lynn Biggs** (born March 28, 1970) is an American Republican politician. She has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for  since 2025.

## References
Emily Randall

**Emily Elissa Randall** (born October 30, 1985) is an American politician and activist who is a U.S. representative for Washington's 6th congressional district since 2025. She was a member of the Washington State Senate from 2019 to 2024. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She is the first queer Latina to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.

## References
Laura Gillen

**Laura Anne Gillen** (born July 10, 1969) is an American politician and attorney who is the member of the United States House of Representatives for New York's 4th congressional district since 2025. She is a Democrat. She was the town supervisor of Hempstead, New York from 2018 to 2019.

## References
Robert Hübner

**Robert Hübner** (November 6, 1948 – January 5, 2025) was a German chess grandmaster, chess writer, and papyrologist. He was one of the world's leading players in the 1970s and early 1980s. In 2000 he won, with the German team, a silver medal in the 34th Chess Olympiad in Istanbul. His chess moves were called "aggressive" and "ruthless". Hübner was born in Porz, Allied-occupied Germany.

Hübner died on January 5, 2025 at a hospital in Cologne, Germany from stomach cancer at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
Emily DiDonato

**Emily DiDonato** (born February 24, 1991) is an American model.

She has appeared in advertisements for Miu Miu, Oscar de la Renta, Giorgio Armani, Calvin Klein, Trussardi, Ralph Lauren, Just Cavalli, Missoni, Elie Tahari, Longchamp, Nicole Farhi, Aldo, Gap, Juicy Couture, and Guess.

## References
## Other websites
* Vogue's "The Scene": The September Issue premier gallery