open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Korean Air Flight 803

**Korean Airlines Flight 803** On 27 July 1989, a Korean Air DC-10 crashed while attempting to land in Tripoli, Libya. 75 of the 199 passengers and crew on board plus 4 people on the ground were killed in the crash.

## Accident 
Flight 803 was a scheduled International passenger service from Seoul, South Korea to Tripoli, Libya with intermediate stops in Bangkok, Thailand and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. On the final approach to Tripoli, the aircraft crashed into an orchard about 1.5 miles short of the runway 27. The weather at the time of the crash consisted of heavy fog and visibility was between 100 and 800 feet.

Korean Air Flight 803 was the second aviation disaster involving a DC-10 in less than two weeks. United Airlines Flight 232 had crashed on 19 July 1989 while attempting an emergency landing in Sioux City, Iowa with 111 of the 296 people on board losing their lives.

Daewoo and Donga had multiple employees, working at construction sites of those companies' facilities, on board; they were South Korean citizens.

There were 190 South Koreans, including seven Libyans, and three Japanese nationals.

## Aftermath 
After the crash Flight 803's pilot Kim Ho-jung was quoted as saying - "The airport was shrouded in dense fog and visibility was poor when I approached. I lost contact with the control tower for 15 minutes before the crash." Libya's official news agency JANA reported that a Soviet airliner one hour before Flight 803 had rerouted to Malta rather than land in the fog.

A Libyan court found the pilot and co-pilot guilty of neglect in December 1990. They were given prison sentences of two years and eighteen months respectively. In the case of the co-pilot the sentence was suspended.

## Cause 
The cause of the crash was determined to be crew error in attempting a descent below decision height without the runway environment in sight.

## References
Waterloo Road (TV series)

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.]]

***Waterloo Road*** is a British television drama series set in a comprehensive school of the same name, broadcast on BBC One and later on BBC Three.

*Waterloo Road* ran for 200 episodes and exactly nine years. In September 2019, the series was made available on BBC iPlayer. In September 2021, the BBC recommissioned the show for an eleventh series, with production returning to the Greater Manchester area.

The revival series started airing on 3 January 2023.

## The show
*Waterloo Road* is set in a failing comprehensive school of the same name and focuses on the professional and personal lives of the students and staff.

## Setting
From series one to series seven, the show was set at the old Hill Top Community Primary School building in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England.

From series eight to series ten, the show was set at the old Greenock Academy building in Greenock, Scotland.

From series 14 to the present day, the show is set at an old Manchester College campus in Manchester, England.

## Characters
## Series overview
### Episodes
## Awards and nominations
## International broadcasts
## DVD releases
## References
## Other websites
*Official website – web archive
*
**Waterloo Road* at Shed Media (web archive)
*
*
William Wilson (short story)

***William Wilson*** is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1839. 

The theme is doppelganger. The narrator is a dying man of "a noble descent"  who choses not to embody a record of his later years of unspeakable misery, and unpardonable crime-he calls himself William Wilson because, although denouncing his  past, he does not accept full blame for his actions, saying that "man was never thus ... tempted before". and tells the story of how he "Fell" from "grace":Years before while attending a school in england Another boy at his school looks and acts like himself, and was even born on the same day, January 19th (Poe's actual birth day) 1813. Angered at being given "good" advice William steals into the boy bedroom but is shocked to find his double now resembles himself; he runs away from the school in horror.The first Wilson goes to the bad in life, but is haunted by his good double. After being subject to admonished at Eaton [while preparing to give a profane oath at a drinking party]  and his honor destroyed at Oxford [where he is exposed at trying to cheat at cards], William  is haunted by his double in subsequent years, who thwarts plans described by William as driven by ambition [in Rome], revenge [in Paris], passionate Love [in Naples], and avarice [In Egypt] and even follows him to other cities [Vienna, Berlin, Moscow]. One thing William cannot understand is that while no one knows anything about his double, his double always seems to know everything about William. At Carnival time in Rome William prepares to seduce the not unwilling young wife of a elderly nobleman. When his double appears the enraged William drags his double into a anterooom and challenges him to a sword duel where he kills the double. Distracted for a second he finds instead his double a mirror Reflected at him, he sees "mine own image, but with features all pale and dabbled in blood": apparently the dead double, "but he spoke no longer in a whisper". The narrator feels as if he is pronouncing the words: "You have conquered, and I yield. Yet, henceforward art thou also dead—dead to the World, to Heaven, and to hope! In me didst thou exist—and, in my death, see by this image, which is thine own, how utterly thou hast murdered thyself.

Poe later admitted he had got the idea from a previous story by Washington Irving about a character who kills his double.

 1935]]
Karl Davis

**Karl Davis** (born January 17, 1962 in Brooklyn, NY  – May 2, 1987) was an African-American fashion designer once called one of New York's most promising young designers. Davis' had six major collections, the last shown at Manhattan restaurant Caffe Roma.

## Beginnings 
*Karl Davis* “Designer Files” archival materials at Fashion Institute of Technology’s research library reveal that during his teen years Davis was taught by a friend’s mother how to operate a sewing machine, and that when he was fifteen years old, he for the first time made classic, pleated slacks for himself. 

Davis graduated from Brooklyn's George Wingate High School observed that Davis created an exclusive line of classic women’s clothing, which *New York Newsday* (4 May 1986)

*Taxi* (November 1986) reported to be "real clothes . . . good stuff" in her  *Detroit News* (29 April 1984) "What's New" column.

Fall 1984:  Designs shown during fashion presentation at Visage Discotheque [610 W. 56 Street]

14 January 1985:  "Spring/Summer 1985 is Karl Davis" at Parsons School of Design [Seventh Avenue @ 40th Street]

5 August 1985:  "Fall/Holiday '85 Collection" (“Karl Davis Presents Haute Couture R.T.W. ‘85”) shown at White Columns [325 Spring Street] which was video-recorded in its entirety along with a post-show interview of Davis by Cable News Network's "Style with Elsa Klensch".

6 November 1985:  [Davis's] designs shown during "Fashion Aid" benefit for Ethiopian famine relief at Palladium Discotheque [126 E. 14th Street] which was video-recorded by Ohlmeyer Communications Companies

1 May 1986:   “Karl Davis Fall 1986 Collection” – his sixth and last formal collection - shown at Caffe Roma, a Manhattan restaurant [3 W. 18th Street]

## Personal Style
In her [Japanese] *Mr. High Fashion* (September 1986) feature article “Karl Davis: A New, Up-and-Coming Designer Who Enjoys Dressing Up”,  Along with fellow-designers Perry Ellis, Chester Weinberg, Willi Smith, Tracy Mills and Mark Pennywell, reporter Carol Hymowitz in her *Wall Street Journal* (8 December 1987) article "Designer Deaths: AIDS Is Decimating The Fashion Business . . ." cites   ", , , budding talent Karl Davis, who created a line of classic women's clothing . . ." as among the enormous toll of other talents in the fashion business succumbing to an alarming surge in HIV/AIDS-related casualties.

Funeral services for Davis were held 7 May 1987 at St. Mary’s Church of Christ in Brooklyn, NY, followed by interment also in Brooklyn at Cypress Hills Cemetery.

Karl Davis was survived by his parents, Rose and Lembert Davis of Brooklyn, and three sisters, Jackie and Robin, both of Brooklyn, and Andora Boyd of Virginia.

## References
Tullus Hostilius

**Tullus Hostilius** was the legendary third king of Rome. He succeeded Numa Pompilius. He was one of the six Etruscan kings that ruled Rome. He ruled from 673 to 642 BC. Unlike his predecessor, he was known to be a warlike king. He was the grandson of Hostus Hostilius, who had fought with Romulus and died during the Sabine invasion of Rome. His successor was Ancus Marcius.
List of Waterloo Road episodes

***Waterloo Road*** is a British school-based television drama series that was originally broadcast in the United Kingdom between 9 March 2006 and 9 March 2015, and later revived in a new series that began airing on 3 January 2023.

## Series overview 

## Episodes 
### Series 1 (2006) 
### Series 2 (2007) 
### Series 3 (2007–2008) 
### Series 4 (2009) 
### Series 5 (2009–2010) 
### Series 6 (2010–2011) 
### Series 7 (2011–2012) 
### Series 8 (2012–2013) 
### Series 9 (2013–2014) 
### Series 10 (2014–2015) 
### Series 11 (2023) 
### Series 12 (2023) 
### Series 13 (2024) 
### Series 14 (2024) 
## Specials 
### *Waterloo Road Reunited* 
## Footnotes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* List of *Waterloo Road* episodes at BBC Online
*
Shriram Lagoo

**Shriram Lagoo** (16 November 1927 &ndash; 17 December 2019) was an Indian actor. He was known for his character roles in movies. He acted in over 100 Hindi and Marathi movies. He won the 1978 Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for the Hindi movie *Gharaonda*. He also starred in the movie *Gandhi*.

Lagoo died at a hospital in Pune of cardiac arrest on 17 December 2019 at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Shane Rimmer

**Shane Rimmer** (born **Shane Lance Deacon**; 28 May 1929 – 29 March 2019) was a Canadian actor and screenwriter. He was known for providing the voice of Scott Tracy in the British television series *Thunderbirds* (1965&ndash;66). His movie appearances include *Dr. Strangelove* (1964), *Rollerball* (1975), *The Spy Who Loved Me* (1977), *Gandhi* (1982), *Out of Africa* (1985), *Crusoe* (1989), *Spy Game* (2001) and *Batman Begins* (2005).

## Life and death 
Rimmer was born on 28 May 1929 in Toronto, Ontario. He died on 29 March 2019 in Potters Bar, Hertfordshire at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Shane Rimmer in the *James Bond* films
John Briley

**John Richard Briley** (June 25, 1925 &ndash; December 14, 2019) was an American screenwriter. He was best known for screenplays of biographical movies. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 1982 Oscars for *Gandhi*.

He died on December 14, 2019, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
Plain Dealing, Louisiana

**Plain Dealing** is a town in Bossier Parish, Louisiana. The population was 893 at the 2020 census.

## History
In 1839, George Oglethorpe Gilmer and his son bought 5,000 acres of this land here from the United States government. They called some of this land "Plain Dealing" after the their family's Virginia plantation.  The "Plain Dealing" name became official when the town was founded on April 24, 1890.
## References
Alyque Padamsee

**Alyque Padamsee** (5 March 1928 – 17 November 2018) was an Indian actor. He was born in Gujarat, India. He is probably best known in the English-speaking world for playing Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the movie *Gandhi*. In 2000, he was awarded the Padma Shri.

Padamsee died on 17 November 2018 from a long-illness at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Billy Williams (cinematographer)

**Billy Williams** OBE, BSC (3 June 1929 &ndash; May 2025) was a British cinematographer. He was born in London.

Williams won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on the movie *Gandhi* (1982). He is also known for his works on the movies *Women in Love* (1969) and *On Golden Pond* (1981). He worked in the RAF as a photographer. After leaving the RAF, he got a job with British Transport Films (BTF), filming all forms of transportation.

Williams retired on January 1, 1996. He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours.

Williams died in May 2025 at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ju Wenjun

**Ju Wenjun** (; born 31 January 1991) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. She is the current Women's World Chess Champion. She was born in Shanghai.

In December 2004, Ju Wenjun placed third in the Asian Women's Chess Championship in Beirut. This result qualified her to play in her first Women's World Chess Championship in 2006. She competed in this event also in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017. 

## References
## Other websites
*Ju Wenjun chess games at 365Chess.com
*Ju Wenjun team chess record at OlimpBase.org
Terrence Hardiman

**Terrence Hardiman** (6 April 1937 &ndash; 8 May 2023) was an English actor. He was best known for playing *The Demon Headmaster* and also for his role as Luftwaffe Police Major Reinhardt in the 1970s drama series *Secret Army*. He also starred in the movie *Gandhi*. Hardiman was born in Forest Gate, Essex.

Hardiman died on 8 May 2023 at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Unofficial Terrence Hardiman website
Carrie Nye

**Carolyn Nye McGeoy** (October 14, 1936 – July 14, 2006), known professionally as **Carrie Nye**, was an American actress. She was nominated for a Tony Award in 1965, a Primetime Emmy Award in 1980, and a Drama Desk Award in 1981. She was known for her roles in *The Group* (1966), *The Seduction of Joe Tynan* (1979), *Creepshow* (1982), *Too Scared to Scream* (1985), and *Hello Again* (1987).

Nye was born in Greenwood, Mississippi. She studied at Yale University. She was married to Dick Cavett from 1964 until her death in 2006. They had no children. 

Nye died on July 14, 2006 in Manhattan, New York from lung cancer at the age of 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Time in Morocco

**Morocco** uses Central European Time (CET) (UTC+01:00) all year round since 26 October 2018. The country used to observe daylight saving time (DST).

## Daylight saving time 
Morocco first used DST in 1939 and 1940 and again in 1950. It returned in 1967 but was abandoned after that and returned in 1974 and was observed until 1978. After that, Morocco used Western European Time (WET) (UTC+00:00) all year round. In 1984, Morocco changed to Central European Time (CET) (UTC+01:00) and returned to WET in 1986.

In 2008, Morocco once again started using daylight saving time. DST in 2008 started on Sunday 1 June and ended on Monday 1 September. In 2009, it started on Monday 1 June and ended on Friday 21 August. In 2010, DST started on 2 May and ended on 8 August, and in 2011 it started on Sunday 3 April and ended on Sunday 31 July.

In 2012, Morocco changed the rules for DST as it started on the last Sunday in April with a pause during Ramadan, and ending on the last Sunday in September. In 2013, the end of DST shifted to the last Sunday of October and adopted the European daylight saving schedule.

In 2018, Morocco stopped using summer time and moved to Central European Time (CET) (UTC+01:00) all year round. This is the first time Morocco has used CET since 1984.

## References
Waterloo Road

**Waterloo Road** may mean:

## Transportation-related
* Waterloo Road, London, England
* Waterloo Road, Hong Kong, a road joining another road
* Waterloo Road (NSR) railway station, a former railway station of the North Staffordshire Railway
* Waterloo Road, the first name of Blackpool South railway station

## Arts and entertainment
* *Waterloo Road* (movie), 1945 British movie
* *Waterloo Road* (TV series), BBC One drama series about a school and its teachers and students
* "Waterloo Road", 1969 British song recorded in French under the name "Les Champs-Élysées"
Chlorella

***Chlorella*** is a genus of single-cell green algae. It is in the division Chlorophyta. It is microscopic in size and round in shape.

*Chlorella* has in its body two green color substances: "chlorophyll-a" and "chlorophyll b." It uses photosynthesis, similar to plants which also have chlorophyll. It multiplies rapidly, needing only carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and a small amount of minerals to reproduce.

Many people believe *Chlorella* can serve as a possible source of food and energy. This is because its photosynthesis process can, in theory, reach 8% efficiency. This is even better than that of other highly efficient crops such as sugar cane, which are already being used for food and energy.

In 1961, Melvin Calvin of the University of California received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on the pathways of carbon dioxide assimilation using *Chlorella*.

Chlorella reproduce asexually by aplanospores. A single chlorellon cell produces at least 16 non-motile aplanospores and each one of them matures into an individual unicellular alga (chlorellon) under favourable conditions. There are no any reports of sexual reproduction in Chlorella.

## References
Faunus

**Faunus** ([fau̯nʊs]) was the horned god of the forest, plains, horned animals, and fields in Roman mythology. 

## Nonnus' Dionysiaca 
The Greek god of forest in Greek Mythology. He is son of Neptune and Kirke. In Nonnus' Dionysiaca he is one of the rustic deities to accompany Dionysus in his war against the Indians.

## References 
## Bibliography 
*

*

* 

* 

*
Xuanwu Lake

**Xuanwu Lake** is a lake in Xuanwu District in Nanjing, China. It is surrounded by a park. Local visitors and foreign tourists often visit the Xuanwu Lake.

The lake's area is about 5.02 square kilometers or 1.94square miles, making it the largest former imperial garden lake in China.

## History
Dating back to the Qin family of rulers, Xuanwu Lake has a history of about 2,300 years. It was one of the emperor's gardens during the Six Dynasties part of China's history and again under the Ming rulers.

## Getting there
The lake and its park are open from 6 to 9. There is a Nanjing Subway station nearby and several bus stops.

## References
Arirang

Chorus with a tenor singer]]
"**Arirang**" (; )  is a Korean folk song. It is sometimes thought of as the  national anthem of Korea. There are almost 3,600  for 60 versions of the song. All of these have a part of the song similar to "Arirang, arirang, arariyo ()". People think that the song is almost 600 years old.

"Arirang" is on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list two times. This is because both South Korea and North Korea  the song for being included on the list. It was submitted by South Korea in 2012 and then by North Korea in 2014. The South Korean Cultural Heritage Administration added the song to its list of important intangible cultural assets in 2015.

## History
### Origin
People think that "Arirang" came from Jeongseon in the Gangwon Province of South Korea. According to a legend, the song came from the story of a man and a woman who fell in love. This was while they were picking camellia flowers. In one version of the story, the man can't cross the Auraji river because the water is too high. Because of this, they sing a song to show how sorrowful they were. In the second version of the story, the man tries to cross the Auraji and drowns. In that version, he sings the song after he dies.

Another theory says that the song came from Lady Aryeong. It says that "arin" came from the Jurchen word for "hometown" and a Chinese song called "Airang."

## References
Hongshan Forest Zoo

**Hongshan Forest Zoo** (), “The Red Mount Forest Zoo” is a zoo in Suanwu District, Nanjing. It covers about 1026 acres. It was built in 1998. It is a national AAAA tourist attraction. 

85% of the mountain area of the zoo is covered with a forest. 

For adults, the price is 40 yuan, but for children, the price is 20 yuan. It is open from 7:30 to 16:30.

## Organisms
The park is divided into areas for  birds, animals, herbivores and primates exhibition area, Amphibian and reptile hall and other major animal exhibition spots, gathering more than 3000 rare animals of more than 280 kinds from all over the world. It  has some very rare animals like Elephas maximus, white tiger, mandrill, and some first class nationally protected animals such as  ring-tailed lemurs, chimpanzees, chromotropic pythons,   amur tigers, Yangtze alligators. and penguins. It has government-protected animals: giant and red pandas, golden and black-leafed monkeys, gibbons, red-crowned cranes, manchurian tigers, green peacocks, and alligators. There are also Asian elephants, giraffes, zebras, kangaroos, leopards, and other rare animals. Among the 20 kinds of birds are grey and blue magpies,and parrots.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Philip Martin Brown

**Philip Martin Brown** (born 9 July 1956) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying the role of Grantly Budgen in the BBC school-based drama series *Waterloo Road* (2006–2013); making him the longest-serving cast member in the show's history. In addition to his work on *Waterloo Road*, he has also made appearances in various British television series, including *A Horseman Riding By*, *EastEnders*, *The Bill*, *Wing and a Prayer*, *City Central*, *Cutting It*, *Casualty*, *Doctors*, *Coronation Street*, *Death Comes to Pemberley*, *The Worst Witch* and *Holby City*.

## Personal life and awards
He attended Barrow-in-Furness Grammar School for Boys where his favourite subject was English. At the end of his fifth year, Brown was asked to leave the school, later stating that he was a "dreadful troublemaker". He lives in Paddock Wood, Kent, with his wife. They have two children.

In 2010, Brown was nominated for the Best Actor prize in the 2010 *TV Choice* Awards, and won it three years in a row.

He is an ex-epileptic and had to leave the stage until he underwent brain surgery which has left him seizure-free for 22 years. He is an ambassador for the charity Young Epilepsy.

## References
## Other websites
*
Nanjing Temple of Confucius

The **Nanjing Temple of Confucius** is a temple honoring Confucius in Nanjing, China. It is located on the north bank of the Qinhuai River in Qinhuai District. It is also the largest traditional ancient market in China.
Trevor Howard

**Trevor Wallace Howard-Smith** (29 September 1913 – 7 January 1988) was an English actor. He was born in Cliftonville, Kent. He was known for his roles in *Brief Encounter* (1945), followed by *The Third Man* (1949).

Howard was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor four times, winning for *The Key* (1958), and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in *Sons and Lovers* (1960). His other notable movie performances include *Golden Salamander* (1950), *The Clouded Yellow* (1951), *Mutiny on the Bounty* (1962), *The Charge of the Light Brigade* (1968), *Battle of Britain* (1969), *Lola* (1969), ''Ryan's Daughter* (1970), *Superman* (1978), *Gandhi* (1982), and *White Mischief'' (1987). He was also an Emmy Award recipient, and a three-time Golden Globe nominee.

He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

He declined a CBE in 1982. He won a BAFTA Award in 1959 and an Emmy Award in 1963.

Howard died on 7 January 1988 from liver failure complicated by cirrhosis in Arkley, Barnet, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Trevor Howard papers archived at Bristol University
*
I Like It (Cardi B, Bad Bunny and J Balvin song)

"**I Like It**" is a song recorded by American singer Cardi B, Puerto Rican recording artist Bad Bunny and Colombian singer J Balvin for her debut studio album *Invasion of Privacy* (2018). It was released on May 25, 2018.

"I Like It" was written by the three performers along with Jordan Thorpe and Klenord Raphael. The song was produced by J. White, Tainy, Craig Kallman and Invincible. The Latin trap song is a trap-salsa beat. It is slightly inspired by Pete Rodriguez's song "I Like It Like That". 

The single topped the US *Billboard* Hot 100, becoming Cardi B's second number one, the most for a female rapper in the chart's history. It also reached the top 10 in Canada, New Zealand, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

## References
Nanjing City Wall

The **Nanjing City Wall** is the city wall of Nanjing, China. Most of it was made during the early Ming Dynasty, when Nanjing was the capital of China.

The city wall has a Jingshiying Tianfu four city wall pattern. It consists of four walls: namely, the imperial city, the imperial city, the capital city, and the outer city. Now, the name mainly refers to the well-preserved capital city wall, which is the longest, largest, and best-preserved old city wall in the world, with a total preserved length of 25.1 km. 

The city wall you see in Nanjing today was built in 1366 (Yuan to Zheng 26 years) and completed in 1393 (Ming Hongwu 26 years), 27 years in all. Building it used 1 ministry, 3 weis, 5 provinces, 28 prefectures, and 152 prefectures and counties. A total of 280,000 migrant workers made it using about 350 million urban bricks.

Its gates include the Gate of China, the Zhongshan Gate, and the Xuanwu Gate.
Nanjing Presidential Palace

The **Nanjing Presidential Palace** is the palace in Nanjing, China, that was used by China's president when Nanjing was China's capital city in the 1920s and 1930s. Its Chinese name is the *Nánjīng Zǒngtǒngfǔ* (南京总统府). It is located at 292 Changjiang Road in Nanjing's Xuanwu District.

It includes an office block for the Kuomingtang. It was built in March 1853. On 1 January 1912, Sun Yat-sen became the Provisional President of the Republic of China here. After that, it became the official residence of the Jiangsu military governors. It became the office of the Kuomingtang in 1927. After the occupation of Nanjing by Japanese troops in December 1937, the offices of the Kuomingtang served as the headquarters of the Japanese troops. On 23 April 1949, the People's Liberation Army reached Nanjing. They occupied the Presidential Palace on the next day.

The presidential palace includes the West and East Gardens, two classic Chinese gardens. There are many trees and flowers among the pavilions, bamboo, and two lakes.

Nanjing Presidential Palace is near Dahanggong Station (Line 2) and Zhujiang Road Station (Line 1) on the Nanjing Subway.
 
## Sources
*
Purple Mountain

**Purple Mountain** is a mountain in Xuanwu District in Nanjing, China. It is 448.9 meters or 1,472 feet high. 

Purple Mountain is a scenic spot and historic site in Nanjing. It is one of the Four Famous Mountains South of the Yangtze River and a national ecological and cultural demonstration site.

Purple Mountain Observatory is on the mountain. Nanjing Museum is just to its south.
Jiming Temple

**Jiming Temple** was first built in the Western Jin Dynasty. It is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Nanjing. Since the Middle Ages, Jiming Temple has been known as the First Temple of the Southern Dynasties. 

The history of Jiming Temple can be traced back to Qixuan Temple in Wu during the Three Kingdoms. At that time, the place where Jiming Temple now sits was a garden around a hilltop. Around the year 300, a temple was built on the hill. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was part of the Tingwei Department. In 527, Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty built Tongtai Temple on Jiming Island, which made it a real Buddhist resort. In 1387, the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty ordered the demolition of its old houses and a reconstruction and enlargement of its temples. This emperor is the one who named it "Jiming Temple". After the improvements of the Xuande, Chenghua, and Hongzhi Emperors, the courtyard was very large, covering more than 100 mu. Later, the ancient temple was destroyed by a fire in Xianfeng. Although it was rebuilt during the Tongzhi Era and its incense has flourished, the scale of the temple has been greatly reduced.
Norwegian Air Shuttle

**Norwegian** is one of the largest airlines in the world. It is based in Norway. Its headquarters are at Bærum, near Oslo. 

## Fleets 
## Gallery 

File:Boeing 737-800 of Norwegian at London Gatwick Airport (3).jpg|Boeing 737-800 of Norwegian at London Gatwick Airport.
File:EI-LNA Boeing 787-8 Norwegian (9523919159).jpg|Boeing 787-8 Norwegian.
File:Norwegian Air Shuttle Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner EI-LNI (Greta Garbo) approaching JFK Airport.jpg|Norwegian Air Shuttle Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner EI-LNI (Greta Garbo) approaching JFK Airport.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Norwegian Official website
Alan Watson (legal scholar)

**William Alan J. Watson** (1933 &ndash; 7 November 2018) was a Scottish law and legal history expert. He was born in Edinburgh. He was known for his works in Roman law, comparative law, legal history, and law and religion. He is known for creating the term "legal transplants". 

Watson worked at Oxford University, before taking the Douglas Chair in Civil Law at the School of Law of his alma mater, the University of Glasgow. He was Distinguished Research Professor at the University of Georgia School of Law at the time of his death.

Watson died on 7 November 2018 at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
D. J. Finney

**David John Finney**  (3 January 1917 – 12 November 2018), was a British statistician
and Professor Emeritus of Statistics at the University of Edinburgh. He was born in Latchford, Warrington.

He was Director of the Agricultural Research Council's Unit of Statistics from 1954 to 1984 and a former President of the Royal Statistical Society and of the Biometric Society. He was known for the development of systematic monitoring of drugs for detection of adverse reactions. 

Finney turned 100 in January 2017 and died on 12 November 2018 at the age of 101 following a short illness.

## References
Everett A. Kelly

**Everett A. Kelly** (September 2, 1926 – November 13, 2018) was an American Republican politician. He was born in Foley, Alabama. 

## Biography 
He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives representing 35th district from 1978 to 1982, the 46th district from 1982 to 1992, and the 42nd district from 1992 until 2000.

Kelly was Speaker Pro Tempore from 1990 to 1992. He died in Tavares, Florida on November 13, 2018 at the age of 92.

## References
Shootsta

**Shootsta** is a business that helps companies make videos, like commercials. Shootsta is known for being successful as a subscription based service. Shootsta has offices in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore. When Shootsta was getting started, it raised USD$7,000,000. Shootsta is able to do more or less for a customer based on what the customer needs, which is known as "scalable."

## Reference
Dick DeVos

**Richard Marvin DeVos Jr.** (born October 21, 1955) is an American businessman. In 2006, DeVos ran for Governor of Michigan, but lost to Jennifer Granholm. DeVos is the spouse of Betsy DeVos, the current United States Secretary of Education.

## References
John Bluthal

**John Bluthal** (12 August 1929 – 15 November 2018) was a Polish-born British-Australian actor. He was best known for his comedy work in the United Kingdom with Spike Milligan. He was known for his roles in *Never Mind the Quality, Feel the Width* and as Frank Pickle in *The Vicar of Dibley*. 

His lost role was as Professor Marcuse alongside George Clooney in the Coen Brothers' movie *Hail, Caesar!* (2016).

Bluthal died on 15 November 2018 at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* John Bluthal  at TV.com
Adolf Grünbaum

**Adolf Grünbaum** (; May 15, 1923 – November 15, 2018) was a German-American philosopher and a critic of psychoanalysis. He was the first Andrew Mellon Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh from 1960 until his death. He was born in Cologne.

He also was Co-Chairman of its Center for Philosophy of Science from 1978 until his death, Research Professor of Psychiatry since 1979, and Primary Research Professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science since 2006.

His works include *Philosophical Problems of Space and Time* (1963), *The Foundations of Psychoanalysis* (1984), and *Validation in the Clinical Theory of Psychoanalysis* (1993).

Grünbaum was Jewish. He died in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on November 15, 2018 at the age of 95.

## References
Nguyễn Phú Trọng

**Nguyễn Phú Trọng** (14 April 1944 &ndash; 19 July 2024) was a Vietnamese politician. He was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 19 January 2011 until his death on 19 July 2024. Nguyễn was also the President of Vietnam, *de jure* head of state of Vietnam, in office from 2018 until 2021. Nguyễn Phú Trọng was also Chairman of the National Assembly from 2006 to 2011.

Nguyễn Phú Trọng died on 19 July 2024 in Central Military Hospital 108 in Hanoi from a long-illness at the age of 80.

## References
Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders

The **Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders** is a museum about the 1937–1938 Nanjing Massacre in Nanjing, China. It is also known as the **Nanjing Massacre Museum**, or the  because it is also a memorial hall to remember the many Chinese people who were killed during the massacre by the Imperial Japanese Army.

The museum covers a total area of 103,000 square meters, with a building area of 57,000 square meters and the exhibition area of 20,000 square meters. It is a "National First-Class Museum" built on the site of the Jiangdong Gate mass murder in the Nanjing Massacre. Since its official opening on August 15, 1985, the museum has received more than 90 million viewers from over 100 countries and regions by the end of 2017.
## History
Nanjing (then spelled "Nanking" in English) was China's capital city during the 1920s and 1930s. At that time, Japan was an empire that included Korea and Taiwan. During the 1930s, Japan started the Second Sino-Japanese War and tried to take over all of China. This became part of World War II, as Japan's friend Germany took over Poland and Italy joined their wars and started some of its own. When the Japanese army got to Nanjing in December 1937 and January 1938, it did not only fight the Chinese army; it also killed many other people who were not fighting at all. It also committed many, many war crimes against the people in the city. It is even hard to count how many people were killed or hurt in all, because the Japanese treated the bodies and the people so badly. The Chinese government says 300,000 people were killed and more were hurt.

To remember the people who were killed and hurt and to fight Japanese people who say nothing very bad happened in Nanjing, the city government built the Nanjing Massacre Museum in 1985. In 1995, with the city growing richer from China's Opening-Up Policy, the museum was made larger and better.

## Grounds
The memorial (place to remember something) consists of three major parts: a museum that shows historical records and other things from the massacre, an outdoor area, and a covered area that holds the bones of many of the people who died in the massacre. The building has about 3,000 square meters or 32,000 square feet of floor space. The rest of the museum covers another 25,000 square meters or 6 acres of land around the building. The memorial uses architecture, sculptures, and videos to show what happened during the Nanjing Massacre.
## Visiting
It is free to enter the Nanjing Massacre Museum. It is open from 8:30 to 4:30 from Tuesday to Sunday. The museum is closed every Monday.

You can go there by taking the underground or by buses.

## Other websites
*Official website
*

## References
Sun Yat-sen's Tomb

'''Sun Yat-sen's Tomb''' is the tomb (place for the dead body) of Sun Yat-sen and a large park around the tomb. It is a scenic spot and historical site in Nanjing, China.A mausoleum is a building used to store the remains of people who have died. Instead of being buried in soil, like in a cemetery, they are placed in chambers behind walls, or in a vault under the floor. The word came from the name of an ancient king.Sun yat sun is a leader of China.You can go to there by bus Route254,324.

## Name
Sun Yat-sen's tomb is so big that it is also called . (A mausoleum is a tomb so big that it is like a palace.)

## History
Sun Yat-sen was a famous leader of China. He changed China's political system. After he died, the Chinese government made him this tomb.
Harold Basch

**Harold Basch** (; 29 November 1940 – 8 November 2018) was an American-born Israeli chemist and educator. He was born in New York City. He was a Professor of Chemistry who worked in Computational Chemistry. He worked at Bar Ilan University.

In 1970 he joined the Chemistry Department at Bar-Ilan University (BIU) as an Associate Professor and became a full Professor in 1977. During his career, Prof. Basch published more than 180 papers and book chapters.

Basch died in Ramat Gan, Israel on 8 November 2018 at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
* Prof. Harold Basch's lecture, given during the conference "The Power to Detect and Create: Ethical Challenges Emerging from DNA Technology and Genetics - The Impact of Genetics on Jewish Living and Jewish Ethics", held jointly by Bar-Ilan University, The Center for Bioethics at Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, and the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine in New York.
* UM and Israel’s Planned Medical School Begin Collaboration - Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami. 
* Harold Basch: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg
Drosophila obscura

***Drosophila obscura***  is a very common European species of fruit fly. It lives in most habitats except coastal areas and open heathland.

Larvae can be found in the sap runs of deciduous trees.

The name covers a whole group of very similar species. They are all in the subgenus *Sophophera*, which includes the common Mediterranean fly *Drosophila subobscura* and the North American *D. pseudoobscura*. The group is called the *Drosophila obscura* species group.

## References
Sedona, Arizona

**Sedona**  is a city in the counties of Coconino and Yavapai in the northern Verde Valley region of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 9,684.

## References
Engelbert Humperdinck

**Engelbert Humperdinck** may refer to:

* Engelbert Humperdinck (composer) (1854–1921), German composer
* Engelbert Humperdinck (singer) (born 1936), English pop singer
** *Engelbert Humperdinck* (album)
Richard Baker (broadcaster)

**Richard Douglas James Baker** OBE RD (15 June 1925 – 17 November 2018) was an English broadcaster. Baker was best known as a newsreader for BBC News from 1954 to 1982. He was the first reader of the *BBC Television News* (in voiceover) in 1954.

Baker made cameo appearances in three episodes (30, 33 and 39) of ''Monty Python's Flying Circus* and in the 1977 *Morecambe and Wise Christmas Show*. He also narrated *Mary, Mungo and Midge'' (1969).

Baker died on 18 November 2018, at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Héctor Beltrán Leyva

**Héctor Beltrán Leyva** (February 15, 1965 – November 18, 2018) was a Mexican drug lord. He was the leader of the Beltrán Leyva Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. He was the brother of Arturo Beltrán Leyva (deceased), former leader of the cartel.

He was the second-in-command and rose to the leadership of the criminal organization after his brother's death on 16 December 2009 during a confrontation with Mexican marines.

Beltrán Leyva was arrested by the Mexican Army on 1 October 2014. He would be imprisoned and died at a jail cell in Toluca, Mexico on November 18, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 53.

## References
Lincoln County, Oregon

**Lincoln County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, its population was 50,395. The county seat  is Newport. The county is named for Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the United States.

## References
Waldyr Boccardo

**Waldyr Geraldo Boccardo** (28 January 1936 – 18 November 2018) was a Brazilian basketball player. Boccardo was born in São Manuel, Brazil. He was a member of the team that won the title at the 1959 World Championship and the bronze medal at the 1960 Olympics.

Boccardo died in Rio de Janeiro on 18 November 2018 from pneumonia at the age of 82.

## References
Mažeikiai

**Mažeikiai** (, Samogitian: *Mažeikē*) is a city in northwest Lithuania on the Venta River. Around 43,547 people live there, and it is the eighth largest city in Lithuania.
Moncombu

**Moncombu** (; also spelled Mankombu; see below) is a village in the Alappuzha district in the state of Kerala, India. The place is famous for many things including the Moncombu Bhagavathy Temple and the Rice Research Centre. The ancestors of Dr M S Swaminathan, the father of the green revolution in India, came from this village.

## Name
Since the English name is close to the name in the local Malayalam language, there are several spellings in use. *Moncombu* is the spelling used by the Postal Department of India as well as in government communications. But yet other variants such as *Mankombu* are in use by the mass media.

## References
Garaad

**Garaad** refers to a hereditary clan leader/chief , a title often associated with justice and authority .the name is of Cushitic (Somali) in origin although it has been adopted by semetic speaking groups in the horn like the harari and also the silte ,noted by  wolf leslau ,a scholar of Semitic languages.

## Garaadship
The word *garaad* is from the Somali language. It translates to "one who seeks justice" in Somali from the words 'gar'(justice) and 'aad'(seek) and was generally also used as a compliment for people who were deemed as wise or intelligent mediators  . The dynasty and lands ruled by the Garaad is called a Garaadship and the wife of a garaad is garaadad or garaado .

## References
Mark McGowan

**Mark McGowan** (born 13 July 1967) is a Western Australian former politician who served as the 30th Premier of Western Australia from 17 March 2017 until 8 June 2023. He is from the Labor Party. He was replaced by Roger Cook.

## References
Mike Noble

**Mike Noble** (17 September 1930 – 15 November 2018) was a British comic artist and illustrator. 
## Biography 
He was born in London. He was best known for drawing strips like *Fireball XL5* for *TV Century 21*. He also drew *The Lone Ranger* and other comic strips relating to *The Lone Ranger*. He also worked for *Zero-X*, *Captain Scarlet* and *Star Trek*.

Noble died on 15 November 2018 at the age of 88. 

## References
## Other websites
*Mike Noble at Lambiek's Comiclopedia
* The Gerry Anderson Complete Comic History
* Space 1999
Pennsylvania German language

**Pennsylvania German** (*Deitsch*; also called **Pennsylvania Dutch**) is a dialect of German spoken in the United States and Canada. Most speakers of Pennsylvania German are members of the Amish or Mennonite communities. About 350,000 people speak the dialect.

## History 
The ancestors of Pennsylvania German speakers mostly come from the Palatinate area in Germany. Other immigrants came from Switzerland, Swabia, Baden, and/or Alsace. These immigrants mostly settled in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. The Pennsylvania German dialect was widely spoken in Pennsylvania until the 20th century. The Amish and Mennonite communities continued to speak the dialect.

Kutztown University has a Pennsylvania German program, and offers a minor degree to students.

## Differences with Standard German 
Pennsylvania German grammar is simpler than Standard German. The genitive case is lost, and adjective endings are simplified.

The sounds œ, ø (ö) and y (ü) in Standard German are not present in Pennsylvania German. So the word *Köpfe* (heads) becomes *Kepp* in the dialect. Also, *Kühe* (cows) becomes *Kieh*.

### The Lord's Prayer 
## References 
## Other websites 
**Learning Resources:**

* Pennsylvania German Online Dictionary
* List of helpful comprehensive grammar videos made by Douglas Madenford. 
* Online Grammar Reference. You may need the author's book to use this site. 

**Others:**

* Hiwwe wie Driwwe – The Pennsylvania German Newspaper
* German Society of Pennsylvania
* The Pennsylvania German Society 
* Deutsch-Pennsylvanischer Arbeitskreis / German-Pennsylvanian Association
* Recordings of native speakers 
* Pennsylvania German in non-Amish, non-Mennonite communities
* From the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
Ricardo Muñoz

**Ricardo Muñoz** (born October 26, 1965) is a Mexican-American politician. He was a member of the Chicago City Council as alderman for the 22nd ward. It includes Little Village and Archer Heights. 

Muñoz was appointed to this position by Mayor Richard M. Daley in 1993. He is the longest tenured Latino and fourth longest tenured member of the Chicago City Council.

On August 2, 2010 Muñoz took the unusual step of admitting that he was an alcoholic just six months before standing for re-election.

Munoz endorsed Chris Kennedy in the 2018 Democratic gubernatorial primary.

## References
Hingham, Massachusetts

**Hingham** is a town on the South Shore of the U.S. state of Massachusetts in northern Plymouth County. At the 2020 census, the population was 24,284. Hingham is known for its colonial history and location on Boston Harbor. 

## References
Bartow, Georgia

and the state of Georgia]]
**Bartow** is a town in Jefferson County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 186. The town was originally named "Spier's Turnout", but was changed to honor the first Confederate officer to die in battle, Colonel Francis S. Bartow of Savannah, Georgia.

## References
Pablo Ferro

**Pablo Ferro** (January 15, 1935 – November 16, 2018) was a Cuban-born American graphic designer, movie titles designer, and founder of **Pablo Ferro Films**. He was known for designing the titles for *Dr. Strangelove*, *A Clockwork Orange* and *Bullitt*. Ferro was born in Antilla, Cuba. 

Ferro died in Sedona, Arizona on November 16, 2018 from complications of pneumonia at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jean Leon Gerome Ferris

**Jean Leon Gerome Ferris** (August 8, 1863 &ndash; March 18, 1930) was an American painter  who was best known for his collection of paintings called *The Pageant of a Nation*.

## References
Jan de Bont

**Jan de Bont** (; born 22 October 1943) is a former Dutch cinematographer, director and movie producer. He was born in Eindhoven, Netherlands. He is widely known for directing the movies *Speed* and *Twister*. 

As a cinematographer, he is known for his works in *Cujo, Flesh and Blood, Die Hard, The Hunt for Red October* and *Basic Instinct.* He retired in 2012.

While serving as cinematographer for the 1981 movie *Roar*, de Bont experienced one of many on-set injuries during filming, where a lion lifted his scalp, requiring 220 stitches.

## References
## Other websites
*
Carl Weathers

**Carl Weathers** (January 14, 1948 – February 1, 2024) was an American actor, voice actor and professional American football player. He was well known for portraying the roles of Apollo Creed in the *Rocky*, Al Dillon in *Predator*, Chubbs Peterson in *Happy Gilmore* and *Little Nicky*, and as himself on the comedy series *Arrested Development*. 

As a football player, Weathers played for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League and the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Weathers died at his home in Los Angeles, California on February 1, 2024, at the age of 76.  A death certificate later gave his cause of death as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

## References
## Other websites
*
Cranberry sauce

**Cranberry sauce** or **cranberry jelly** is a sauce made from cranberries. It is commonly eaten with turkey during the Thanksgiving holiday in North America or during Christmas dinner in the United Kingdom. Cranberry sauce started being available all year in 1941 with canning.

File:Cooking cranberries.jpg|Cranberries popping
File:Cranberry sauce.jpg|A jar of cranberry sauce
File:Cranberry sauce1.jpg|Cranberry jelly from a can, sliced

## References