open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cinque Ports

The **Cinque Ports** is a confederation of coastal towns in Kent and Sussex. It was originally formed for military and trade purposes, but is now ceremonial. A Royal Charter of 1155 established the ports. The ports are at the eastern end of the English Channel, where the crossing to the continent is narrowest. In Norman French, the name means "five ports". They were:
*Hastings
*New Romney
*Hythe
*Dover
*Sandwich
However, Rye, originally a subsidiary of New Romney, changed to become one of the Cinque Ports, after New Romney was damaged by storms and silted up. Romney is now a mile from the sea, separated from it by Dungeness, which is a large pebble beach.
 emblem of the Cinque Ports is the front half of a lion joined to the back of a ship. This is in the coats of arms of several towns, and in the heraldic banner (flag) of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.]]

The Federation of Cinque Ports includes various other towns on the coast. These are called "limbs" of the Cinque Ports.
*Lydd (Limb of New Romney)
*Folkestone (Limb of Dover)
*Faversham (Limb of Dover)
*Margate (Limb of Dover)
*Deal (Limb of Sandwich)
*Ramsgate (Limb of Sandwich)
*Brightlingsea (Limb of Sandwich)
*Tenterden (Limb of Rye)

The Federation is supported by two towns, one of which is Rye, and the other (a few miles back from the coast) is Winchelsea. These towns once supported militias which could be used for defence of the area.

## References
Kirti Nidhi Bista

**Kirdi Nidhi Bista** () (15 January 1927 – 11 November 2017) was a Nepalese politician. He was born in Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal in 1927. He served as prime minister of Nepal from 1969 to 1970, 1971 to 1973 and 1977 to 1979. Bista died on 11 November 2017 of prostate cancer in Gyaneshwar, Kathmandu, Nepal at the age of 90.

## References
Surya Bahadur Thapa

**Surya Bahadur Thapa** ( March 21, 1928 &ndash; April 15, 2015) was a Nepalese politician. He has served as the Prime Minister of Nepal for five terms, under three different kings, in a political career lasting more than 50 years. His terms were 1963-64, 1965–69, 1979–83, 1997–98 and 2003-04.
Surya Bahadur Thapa had been the first Prime Minister of the Panchayat System.

Thapa died at the age of 87 in a hospital in Delhi, India from respiratory failure after undergoing surgery.

## References
Tulsi Giri

**Tulsi Giri** ( 26 September 1926 &ndash; 18 December 2018) was the Prime Minister of Nepal from 1975 to 1977, and chairman of the Council of Ministers (a *de facto* Prime Ministerial position) between 1960 and 1963, and again in 1964 and  1965. He was born in Siraha District, Nepal in 1926.

Giri died on 18 December 2018 from liver cancer in Budhanilkantha, Kathmandu, Nepal, aged 92.

## References
World Gone Crazy

***World Gone Crazy*** is the 13th studio album by the American rock band The Doobie Brothers. The album was  on September 28, 2010. *World Gone Crazy* ed at number 39 on the Billboard top 200 albums chart. They worked with the producer of their first 10 albums, Ted Templeman.

## References
Fly from Here

***Fly from Here*** is the 20th studio album by Yes. The album was released on July 4, 2011. It peaked at number 30 on the UK Albums Chart. It peaked at number 36 on the US *Billboard* 200 chart. *Fly from Here* is Yes' first studio album since the release of *Magnification* (2001). Like albums made before, the cover was made by Roger Dean.

## References
Ford Transit Connect

**Ford Transit Connect** is a compact van made by Ford Europe from 2002 to the present day. It replaced the long-running Escort van. 

A leisure version called the **Tourneo Connect** is made too. 

## First generation (2002–2013) 
The first generation Transit Connect was made from 2002 to 2013. It replaced the Escort van.

In 2009, It was improved. It had new front bumpers, new grille and new rear lights.

Ford also made a passenger leisure van called the **Tourneo Connect**, It was made from 2002 to 2013.

File:2009 Ford Transit Connect T220 L90 1.8 Front.jpg|2009 Ford Transit Connect (before improvements)
File:2009 Ford Transit Connect T220 L90 1.8 Rear.jpg|2009 Ford Transit Connect rear (before improvements)
File:2013 Ford Transit Connect 90 T230 1.8 Front.jpg|2013 Ford Transit Connect (after improvements)
File:2013 Ford Transit Connect 90 T230 1.8 Rear.jpg|2013 Ford Transit Connect (after improvements)
File:Güzelyurt Zabıta.jpg|2002 Ford Tourneo Connect (before improvements)
File:Ford transit connect rear.JPG|2009 Ford Tourneo Connect (before improvements)

## Second generation (2013–2022) 
The second generation Transit Connect was made from 2013 to 2022.

In 2018, It was improved. It had a new front bumper, new grille and new rear lights.

Ford also made a passenger leisure van called the **Tourneo Connect**, It was made from 2014 to 2020.

File:2014 Ford Transit Connect (fl).jpg|2014 Ford Transit Connect (before improvements)
File:2014 Ford Transit Connect (rear).jpg|2014 Ford Transit Connect  (before improvements)
File:2018 Ford Transit Connect facelift Front.jpg|2019 Ford Transit Connect (after improvements)
File:2018 Ford Transit Connect facelift Rear.jpg|2019 Ford Transit Connect (after improvements)
File:2015 Ford Grand Tourneo Connect Zetec 1.5 Front.jpg|2015 Ford Tourneo Connect (before improvements)
File:2015 Ford Grand Tourneo Connect Zetec 1.5 Rear.jpg|2015 Ford Tourneo Connect rear (before improvements)

## Third generation (2021–present) 
The third generation Transit Connect has been made from 2024 to the present day.

Ford also make a passenger leisure van called the **Tourneo Connect**, It is made from 2021 to the present day.

The Tourneo Connect is a Volkswagen Caddy but it has different front headlamps, different bonnet, different grille, different maker badge and a different interior.

### Gallery 

File:Volkswagen Caddy V IMG 3704.jpg|2020 Volkswagen Caddy
File:Ford Tourneo Connect Active (3rd generation) Leonberg 2022 1X7A0445.jpg|2023 Ford Tourneo Connect
File:Ford Tourneo Connect Active (3rd generation) Leonberg 2022 1X7A0447.jpg|2023 Ford Tourneo Connect

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Regent's University London

'''Regent's University London''' is a private, not-for-profit university in London. It is one of six private teaching institutions in the United Kingdom which can award degrees.

It offers dual American and British programmes. It is the second oldest but largest private university in the country.

## References
Brenden Dillon

**Brenden Dillon** (born November 13, 1990) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Dallas Stars and San Jose Sharks.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Dillon played one season with the Hope Icebreakers of the Pacific Junior Hockey League (PJHL) and four seasons with the Seattle Thunderbirds of the Western Hockey League (WHL).

Dillon would go undrafted but was signed to a three-year entry-level contract with the Dallas Stars on March 1, 2011. On February 1, 2013, Dillon was able to score his first NHL goal and his first career Gordie Howe hat trick in a 4–3 shootout win against the Phoenix Coyotes.

On November 21, 2014, the Stars traded Dillon to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for Jason Demers and a 2016 third-round pick.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
1999 (Prince album)

***1999*** is the fifth studio album from Prince. It contained the hit songs "Little Red Corvette", "1999" and "Delirious". The title track was a protest against nuclear proliferation.

The record was released on October 27, 1982.

The album's music is pop, funk and R&B.

## Critical reception and legacy
*1999* was well received by contemporary critics. Reviewing for *Rolling Stone* in December 1982, Michael Hill praised Prince for "working like a colorblind technician who's studied both Devo and Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force, keeping the [*1999*s] songs constantly kinetic with an inventive series of shocks and surprises." *The Village Voice* reviewer Robert Christgau was more reserved in his praise. While conceding that, "like every black pop auteur, Prince commands his own personal groove ... stretching his flat funk forcebeat onto two discs worth of deeply useful dance tracks", he also believed that the musician's only reliable subject remains race, leaving the critic with doubts about the messages behind the sex and apocalyptic songs.

## References
Going Back (album)

***Going Back*** is the eighth and final studio album by English singer-songwriter Phil Collins. It was d on 14 September 2010 in the United Kingdom. It was released on 28 September 2010 in the United States. Just the first disc was included in the *Take a Look at Me Now* 8 album box set of the 2016 editions of Collins' solo albums

## References
Aumont family

.]]

The  of **Duke of Aumont** was ed in 1665. It was first given to Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron (1601–1669). For a long time, the dukes of Aumont had the title of first Gentleman of the Chamber of the King (*gentilhomme de la chambre du Roi*). They were a fairly influential and wealthy family. They owned the ''Hôtel d'Aumont'' a large townhouse in Paris. The family also had many other titles including "Marquis of Villequier". This was sometimes used by the heir to the ducal title.

## List of dukes
# Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron (1601-1669)
# *Louis Marie* Guy d'Aumont (1732-1799)
# Louis Marie Augustin d'Aumont (1709-1782)
# Louis Alexandre Céleste d'Aumont (1736-1814) 
# Louis Marie Céleste d'Aumont (1762-1831).
# Adolphe Henri Aimery d'Aumont (1785-1849).
# Louis Marie Joseph d'Aumont (1809-1888).
# Jean-Jacques d'Aumont (1840-1901).
# Louis Marie Joseph d'Aumont (1872-1956).
# Louis Henri d'Aumont, (1922-2006).
# Jacques Joseph d'Aumont (1950-).

## Descendants
The present reigning Prince of Monaco is a direct descendant of the family.
Tegnér church

from 1847 is a Tegnér church.]]
A **Tegnér church** () or **Tegnér barn** () is a popular nickname given to a type of church building. They are usually located in rural Sweden. They were often built during the late 18th century and the early 19th century. They were built when Esaias Tegnér was bishop of the Diocese of Växjö in the Church of Sweden. The term mostly became popular in Småland.

These buildings are usually white. They are built in Neoclassicist style. They have a tall tower connected to the main building. Many of the buildings were built to replace demolished Medieval churches. The new churches were larger and could hold more people inside. This was needed because the population of Sweden was increasing.

## References
Index Librorum Prohibitorum

The ***Index Librorum Prohibitorum*** () was *The Index*, a list of books banned by the Catholic Church. They were banned if the Church thought they were heretical, anti-clerical (anti-church) or lascivious (obscene). It was censorship by the Catholic Church.

Early versions of the Index were published in Catholic Netherlands (1529); Venice (1543) and Paris (1551). By mid-century, with wars of religion in France and Germany, authorities thought control of the press could prevent the spread of heresy. This could be done by using a catalog of prohibited works, backed by ecclesiastic and civil authorities.  From 1571 to 1917 the Sacred Congregation of the Index was in charge of updating the list. The 20th and final edition appeared in 1948, and the *Index* was formally abolished on 14 June 1966 by Pope Paul VI.

The aim of the list was to protect the belief and morals of the faithful. This was done by preventing them from reading heretical and  immoral books. Books thought to contain such errors included works by astronomers such as Johannes Kepler's *Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae*, which was on the Index from 1621 to 1835, and by philosophers, like Immanuel Kant's *Critique of Pure Reason*. The various editions of the *Index* also had the rules of the Church about the reading, selling and censorship of books. Even editions and translations of the Bible not been approved by the Church could be banned.

Enforcing the Index was the Inquisition. The burning at the stake of Giordano Bruno, whose entire works were placed on the Index on 8 February 1600, was (on the surface) for heresy, not for heliocentrism or other scientific views. However, those other views included a belief in 'other worlds', which was heresy.

Not until 1822 did the Church permit books to be printed which accepted the Earth's motion.

The developments since the abolition of the *Index* show "the loss of relevance of the Index in the 21st century". A complete list of the authors and writings present in the successive editions of the *Index* is given in J. Martínez de Bujanda, *Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 1600–1966*. A list of the books that were on the *Index* can be found on the World Wide Web.

## References
The Addiction

***The Addiction*** is a 1995 American horror movie. It was directed by Abel Ferrara and was produced by Preston L. Holmes, Russell Simmons, Denis Hann, and Fernando Sulichin. *The Addiction* was released on October 6, 1995.

The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 73% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

## Cast 
* Lili Taylor as Kathleen Conklin
* Christopher Walken as Peina
* Annabella Sciorra as Casanova
* Edie Falco as Jean
* Paul Calderon as Professor
* Fredro Starr as Black
* Kathryn Erbe as Anthropology Student
* Michael Imperioli as Missionary
* Jamal Simmons as Black's Friend (credited as Jamel 'RedRum' Simmons)
* Robert W. Castle as Narrator/Priest (credited as Father Robert Castle)
* Michael A. Fella as Cop (credited as Michael Fella)
* Louis Katz as Doctor (credited as Dr. Louis A. Katz)

## References
## Other websites 
*
Hyun Hee

**Hyun Hee** (born October 4, 1976 in Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) is a retired South Korean épée fencer.

At the 2002 FIE World Championships Hyun won the women's individual épée final match over Imke Duplitzer of Germany 15-11. She was the first Asian fencer to win a gold medal at the World Championships. In that year, Hyun was named South Korean Sportswoman of the Year.

## Achievements
: 2002 World Fencing Championships, Individual épée

## References
Oh Kyo-moon

**Oh Kyo-Moon** (born March 2, 1972) is an archer from South Korea.

He won a team silver medal and an individual bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Oh also was a member of Korea's gold medal men's archery team at the 2000 Summer Olympics. In the men's individual competition he finished sixth.

Oh was the world record holder for a single FITA with a score of 1379. That score was beaten by Oh Jin-Hyek at 2009 World Championship in Ulsan with 1386 points.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile at databaseOlympmics.com
Mimmi (book series)

The **Mimmi series** () is a children's book series written by Viveca Lärn (earlier Viveca Sundvall). The main character is Mimmi. She is a girl of late kindergarten age and later early primary school age. The books are written in the first person. Many of them are written as diaries. The books were originally published between 1979 and 1996. 

Mimmi lives with her family in Kungälv. Her father Oskar is a postman while her mother Elin is a waitress at restaurant "Gyllene Svanen".

Two television series based on the books have been made. The first was *En ettas dagbok* from 1985, and the second was *Mimmi* från 1988.

## Books
## References
Eddie (book series)

The **Eddie series** ()  is a book series written by  Viveca Lärn (earlier Viveca Sundvall) about Eddie. He is a boy in early primary school. The books were originally published between 1991 and 2001. They make up a spinoff series set in the Mimmi universe. The books are told from a third-person perspective. The main character Eddie is the brother of Mimmi's friend Anders. Eddie's father is an alcoholic when the stories begin.

In 1994, a telvision series based on the books and named *Håll huvudet kallt* was produced. It aired as Sveriges Television's Christmas calendar that year.

## Books
## References
Norrahammar Church

**Norrahammar Church** () is a church building in Norrahammar in Sweden. It belongs to Norrahammar Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was opened in 1930. It was originally a chapel.

## References
Järsnäs Church

**Järsnäs Church** () is a church building in Järsnäs in Sweden. It belongs to Lekeryd Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church has a tradition going back to the Middle Age. In 1905, the church was built again.

## References
Öxnehaga Church

**Öxnehaga Church** () is a church building at Öxnehaga in Huskvarna in Sweden. It belongs to the Huskvarna Parish of the Church of Sweden. It was inaugurated on 27 November 1976. That date was the Saturday before the First Advent Sunday that year.

## References
Ekhagen Church

The **Ekhagen Church** () is a church building at Ekhagen in Jönköping in Sweden. It belongs ot the Kristina-Ljungarum of the Church of Sweden. It was inaugurated on 12 May 1996 by Bishop Anders Wejryd and replaced the former temporary church that stood in Ekhagen between 1968 and mid 1995.

## References
Österängen Church

**Österängen Church** () is a church building at Österängen in Jönköping in Sweden. It belongs to the Christina-Ljungarum Parish of the Church of Sweden. It was inaugurated on First Advent Sunday 1961.

## References
Brahe Church

**Brahe Church** () is a church building on the island of Visingsö in the lake of Vättern in Sweden. It belongs to the Visingsö Parish of the Church of Sweden. It was opened in 1636 as **Wisingsborg Castle Church** ().

## References
Landsjö Church

**Landsjö Church** () is a church building in Kaxholmen in Sweden. It belongs to the Skärstad-Ölmstad Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was inaugurated in 1984.

## References
## Other websites
*Skärstad-Ölmstad Parish
Kaxholmen

**Kaxholmen** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County, Sweden. In 2010, 1,458 people lived there. Kaxholmen is near lake Landsjön. The lake is well known for its bird habitats.

## References 
## Other websites
Råslätt Church

**Råslätt Church** () is a church building at Råslätt in Jönköping in Sweden. It belongs to the Kristina-Ljungarum of the Church of Sweden. The church is dated back to the 1970s. The architect was Per Rudenstam.

## References
Trånghalla

**Trånghalla** is a village in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2005, 1,251 people lived there.

## References
Saint John's Church, Habo

'''Saint John's Church''' () is a church building in Habo in Sweden. It belongs to the Habo Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was inaugurated on 12 September 1993.

## References
## Other websites
Rugby railway station

**Rugby railway station** is an interchange station in the town of Rugby in Warwickshire. The station is on the West Coast Main Line and is a major interchange for services towards the West Midlands, the North West and London. London Midland provide services between Euston/Northampton-Rugby/Coventry/Birmingham and Euston-Crewe/Stafford/Stoke-on-Trent. Virgin Trains provide services between Euston-West Midlands/North West.
Fiskebäck Chapel

**Fiskebäck Chapel** () is a chapel in Fiskebäck in Sweden. It belongs to the Habo Parish of the Church of Sweden. The chapel was opened on 2 December 1939.

## References
## Other websites
Jacques Chancel

**Jacques Chancel**, (**Joseph André Jacques Régis Crampes**; 2 July 1928 &ndash; 23 December 2014) was a French journalist and writer. He was known for being the radio host of *Radioscope* and *Le Grand Échiquier* for 22 years. Chancel was born in Ayzac-Ost, France.

Chancel died at his home in Paris from cancer, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
Bethel, Connecticut

**Bethel** () is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, about sixty miles from New York City.  Its population was 20,358 at the 2020 census.

## References
## Other websites
* Bethel home page
Any Given Sunday

***Any Given Sunday*** is a 1999 American drama movie. It was directed by Oliver Stone and was produced by Richard Donner, Oliver Stone, Dan Halsted, Lauren Shuler Donner, and Clayton Townsend. *Any Given Sunday* was released on November 10, 1999. The movie is based on the Pat Toomay novel, *On Any Given Sunday*.

The movie gained mixed reviews from critics and holds a 50% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

## Cast 
*Al Pacino as Tony D'Amato
*Cameron Diaz as Christina Pagniacci
*Dennis Quaid as Jack "Cap" Rooney
*James Woods as Dr. Harvey Mandrake
*Jamie Foxx as "Steamin" Willie Beamen
*LL Cool J as Julian "J-Man" Washington
*Lawrence Taylor as Luther "Shark" Lavay
*Jim Brown as Montezuma Monroe
*Aaron Eckhart as Nick Crozier
*Matthew Modine as Dr. Oliver "Ollie" Powers
*John C. McGinley as Jack Rose
*Lela Rochon as Vanessa Struthers
*Lauren Holly as Cindy Rooney
*Ann-Margret as Margaret Pagniacci
*Elizabeth Berkley as Mandy Murphy
*Charlton Heston as Commissioner
*Clifton Davis as Mayor Tyrone Smalls

## Production
### Principal photography
The film was shot in Miami, Florida and Irving, Texas in December 14, 1998 to March 6, 1999.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Skärstad

**Skärstad** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County, Sweden. In 2010, 341 people lived there.

## References
Skärstad Church

**Skärstad Church** () is a church building in Skärstad in Sweden. It belongs to the Skärstad-Ölmstad Parish of the Church of Sweden and was built in the early 19th century. It replaced a demolished 15th century church.

The first church service inside was held on 17 October 1819. The church was officially inaugurated on 27 May 1827 by Bishop Esaias Tegnér.

## References
## Other websites
Tomaž Šalamun

**Tomaž Šalamun** (July 4, 1941 – December 27, 2014) was a Slovenian poet. He was a leading name of postwar neo-avant-garde poetry in Central Europe and internationally acclaimed absurdist.

Šalamun died on 27 December 2014 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, aged 73.

## References
## Other websites
Vahan Hovhannisyan

**Vahan Hovhannisyan** (; August 16, 1956 – December 28, 2014) was an Armenian politician of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF). He was Vice-President of the National Assembly of Armenia from 2007 to 2008 and was a candidate in the February 2008 presidential election.

## References
Busungarna

**Busungarna** was a Swedish pop group. It was active between the early-mid 1980s  The group consisted of children. They scored a success in 1982 with the Christmas song *Tomten, jag vill ha en riktig jul*.

## Discography
### Albums
*Tjena, vi är Busungarna - 1984

### Singles
*Tomten, jag vill ha en riktig jul/Skvallerbytta bing bång - 1982
*Äntligen sommarlov/Busvitsar del 2 - 1984
*Vi vill ha fred/Julbus runt granen - 1985

## References
Roberto Delmastro

**Roberto Delmastro Naso** (17 October 1945 &ndash; 26 December 2014) was a Chilean politician and engineer. Delmastro was born in Santiago, Chile. He served in the Chamber of Deputies of Chile representing the 53rd district from March 1998 through March 2014.

Delmastro died from lung cancer at his home in Valdivia, Chile, aged 69.

## References
## Other websites
João Nílson Zunino

**João Nílson Zunino** commonly known as **Zunino** (9 April 1946 – 23 December 2014) was a Brazilian businessman and cardiologist. He served as the president of Avaí Futebol Clube from 2002 until 2013, succeeding Flávio Ricardo Félix. He was also a cardiology doctor and a businessman. He was born in São João Batista, Brazil.

Zunino died on 23 December 2014 in Florianópolis, Brazil, aged 68.

## References
Leopoldo Federico

**Leopoldo Federico** (12 January 1927 – 28 December 2014) was an Argentine bandoneon player, arranger, music director and composer. He was born in Buenos Aires. In 1955 he joined Astor Piazzolla's Octeto Buenos Aires and later that year, with his own orquesta típica, he made many recordings with the singer Julio Sosa. 

Federico died on 28 December 2014 in Buenos Aires. He was 87.

## References
## Other websites
*Todo tango:Federico
Karel Poma

**Karel Emiel Hubert, Baron Poma** (14 March 1920 – 27 December 2014) was a Belgian liberal and politician. He served as a minister of state. Poma later served as Mayor of Wilrijk from 1953 to 1958. He later served in the Belgian Federal Parliament from 1965 through 1985. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium.

Poma died at the age of 94 in Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.

## Other websites
* Karel Poma
Nykyrka Church

**Nykyrka Church** () is a church building in the outer parts of western Mullsjö in Sweden. It belongs to the Mullsjö-Sandhem Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was opened in October 1887. It then replaced a 1656 church.

## References
## Other websites
David Ryall

**David John Ryall** (5 January 1935 – 25 December 2014) was an English character actor. He appeared on British television beginning in the 1970s. Ryall was born in Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex, England.

He was known for his roles in ''Lytton's Diary* and *Goodnight Sweetheart'', as well as memorable roles in Dennis Potter's *The Singing Detective* and Andrew Davies's adaptation of *To Play the King* and *The Final Cut*, the final two parts in the *House of Cards* trilogy. He also played Grandad in BBC sitcom *Outnumbered*.

In recent years, he played the role of Elphias Doge in *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1*.

Ryall died in London, England, aged 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
Robert Guillaume

**Robert Guillaume** (born **Robert Peter Williams**; November 30, 1927 &ndash; October 24, 2017) was an American actor. He is known for his role as Benson on the TV-series *Soap* and the spin-off *Benson*, voicing the mandrill Rafiki in *The Lion King*, voicing the high priest of Midian Jethro in *The Prince of Egypt* and as Isaac Jaffe on *Sports Night*.

Guillaume died on October 24, 2017 at his home in Los Angeles, California from prostate cancer at the age of 89.

## Filmography
* *Super Fly T.N.T.* (1973) – Jordan Gaines
* *Good Times*  (1977) – Fishbone – Theodopius P. Johnson
* *Soap* (1977–1980, TV series) – Benson DuBois
* *The Kid from Left Field* (1979, TV movie) – Larry Cooper
* *Benson* (1979–1986, TV series) – Benson DuBois
* *Seems Like Old Times* (1980) – Fred
* *The Kid with the Broken Halo* (1982, TV movie) – Blake
* *The Kid with the 200 I.Q.* (1983, TV movie) – Professor Mills
* *Prince Jack* (1985) – Martin Luther King Jr.
* ''John Grin's Christmas* (1986) – John Grin. Guillaume also directed film.
* *North and South* (1985, TV miniseries) – Frederick Douglass
* *Wanted: Dead or Alive* (1987) – Philmore Walker
* *They Still Call Me Bruce* (1987) – V.A. Officer
* *Lean on Me* (1989) – Dr. Frank Napier
* *The Penthouse* (1989) – Eugene St. Clair
* *Death Warrant* (1990) – Hawkins
* *Fish Police* (1992) – Detective Catfish (voice)
* *The Meteor Man'' (1993) – Ted Reed, Jeff's Father
* *The Lion King* (1994) – Rafiki (voice)
* *Captain Planet and the Planeteers* (1994) – Citizen (voice)
* *Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child* (1995–2000, TV series) – Narrator (voice)
* *Spy Hard* (1996) – Agent Steve Bishop
* *First Kid* (1996) – Wilkes
* *The Prince of Egypt* (1997) - Jethro (voice)
* ''The Lion King II: Simba's Pride* (1998, Video) – Rafiki (voice)
* *Sports Night* (1998–2000, TV series) – Isaac Jaffe
* *Silicon Towers* (1999) – Detective Green
* *The Land Before Time VIII: The Big Freeze* (2001, Video) – Mr. Thicknose (voice)
* *The 13th Child: Legend of the Jersey Devil* (2002) – Riley
* *Unchained Memories* (2003) – Reader
* *Big Fish* (2003) – Dr. Bennett
* *The Lion King 1½* (2004, Video) – Rafiki (voice)
* *The Secrets of Jonathan Sperry* (2009) – Mr. Barnes
* *Satin* (2011) – Doc Bishop
* *Columbus Circle'' (2012) – Howard Miles

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* St. Louis Walk of Fame 
* Robert Guillaume's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Bottnaryd

**Bottnaryd** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 713 people lived there.

## References
Bjurbäck Church

**Bjurbäck Church** () is a church building in Mullsjö Municipality in Sweden. It is located on the northeastern shorelines of the Lake Näs. It belongs to the Mullsjö-Sandhem Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was inaugurated on 23 July 1899. It then replaced a 1732 church.

## References
## Other websites
Utvängstorp Church

**Utvängstorp Church** () is a church building in Mullsjö Municipality in Sweden. It is located circa two Scandinavian miles south of Tidaholm and two Scandinavian miles north of Mullsjö. It belongs to the Mullsjö-Sandhem Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church is dated back to the later 12th century.

## References
## Other websites
Electrolysis of water

**Electrolysis of water** is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas. This technique can be used to produce breathable oxygen or hydrogen gas as a fuel source, referred to as hydrogen fuel. However, that method is more expensive than the industrial way to produce hydrogen fuel from natural gas.

This is what is referred to as a non-spontaneous reaction which requires impetus.

At the cathode, reduction (in this case, the gain of electrons) occurs. At the anode, oxidation (in this case, the loss of electrons) occurs. The half-equations for the electrolysis of pure water or without the presence of an acid or a base is shown below.

:the reduction at cathode: 2 H2O(*l*) + 2e− → H2(*g*) + 2 OH−(*aq*)

:the oxidation at anode: 2 H2O(*l*) → O2(*g*) + 4 H+(*aq*) + 4e−
Note that some textbooks or sources may show the half-equations with H+ and OH− as the reactants for the half-equations, but that is inaccurate due to the low autoionization of water.

Normally, the reaction is balanced with either an acid or a base as shown in the equations below.

:the reduction at cathode: 2 H+(*aq*) + 2e− → H2(*g*)

:the oxidation at anode: 2 H2O(*l*) → O2(*g*) + 4 H+(*aq*) + 4e−

That two reactions are half reactions. They are balanced with an acid. Commonly hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is used. However, the half reactions can also be balanced with a base, for example with sodium hydroxide.

:the reduction at cathode: 2 H2O(*l*) + 2e− → H2(*g*) + 2 OH−(*aq*)

:the oxidation at anode: 4 OH−(*aq*) → O2(*g*) + 2 H2O(*l*) + 4 e−

Combining one pair of half reactions leads to an overall reaction, which is then the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen.

:complete reaction: 2 H2O(*l*) → 2 H2(*g*) + O2(*g*)
The Three Investigators

**The Three Investigators** is an American juvenile detective book series. It was first published as "*Alfred Hitchcock and the Three Investigators*" . It was created by Robert Arthur, Jr.. He modeled his series after the popular The Hardy Boys books. The characters known as the "three investigators" are three boys named Jupiter Jones, Peter Crenshaw and Bob Andrews. The original series of 43 books was published from 1964 to 1987 by Random House.

## References
Memphis Belle

***Memphis Belle*** is a 1990 war movie. It is about an aircraft named *Memphis Belle* and its crew. Matthew Modine plays Captain Dennis Dearborn. Billy Zane plays Val. John Lithgow plays Bruce.

The movie was released in October 1990. It got mixed reviews from critics.

## Other websites
*
Bob Rivers

**Bob Rivers** (born July 7, 1956 died March 11, 2025) is an American radio actor and personality. He spent almost six years working at WAAF in Worcester, Massachusetts. He has also hosted at other radio stations in Seattle and in Baltimore.

One of the first parodies Rivers produced was "Breakin' Up is Hard on You". That was about the Bell System Breakup. His 1987 album *Twisted Christmas* had the song "Twelve Pains of Christmas". He later had other Christmas parody albums.

Rivers was born in Branford, Connecticut.

## References
## Other websites
*
MS Norman Atlantic

'*MS *Norman Atlantic'''* is a ferry. It transports both people and vehicles. It was built in 2009. It can take 850 passengers and 200 vehicles. Its original names were *Akeman Street* and *Scintu*. It was renamed *Norman Atlantic* in January 2014.

On 28 December 2014, *Norman Atlantic'' caught fire in the Strait of Otranto, in the Adriatic Sea. Eight people were killed and 432 were rescued.

## References
Rapture (disambiguation)

**Rapture** is a future event in Christian theology.

"Rapture" might also mean:

**The Rapture* (album), an album by Siouxsie and the Banshees
**Rapture* (album), an album by Anita Baker
Holm Park

**Holm Park** is a football ground in Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is the home of Armagh City F.C..

## References
Ölmstad

**Ölmstad** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 296 people lived there.

## References
Floby

**Floby** is a locality in Falköping Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,499 people lived there.

## References
Övre Soppero

**Övre Soppero** is a locality in Kiruna Municipality in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 201 people lived there.

## References
Tärnaby

**Tärnaby** is an urban area of Sweden - a locality - in Storuman Municipality in Västerbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 482 people lived there.

## References 
## Other websites
*Tärnaby
Ullånger

**Ullånger** is a locality in Kramfors Municipality in Västernorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 626 people lived there.

## References
Bible for children

Children's Bibles, or **Bibles for children,** are often s of Bible stories rather than actual translations of the Bible aimed at children.

The earliest Bible for children printed in America was ''The Children's Bible* (Philadelphia, 1763). *The Bible Story'' (1953–57) is a ten- series of hardcover children's story books written by Arthur Maxwell. It is based on the King James and Revised Standard versions of the Christian Bible. ''The Children's Bible Story Book'' (1991) is a children's  of the Bible by Anne de Graaf. It is distributed to British primary schools by the charity Bibles for Children (founded 1997).

Actual Bible versions include the New Century Version, a simplified English  of the International Children's Bible.

## References
Lillhärdal

**Lillhärdal** is a locality in Härjedalen Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 335 people lived there.

## References
Tärendö

**Tärendö** is a small locality in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2000, 208 people lived there. It is located next to the Kalix River and the bifurcation Tärendö River.

## References
Klintehamn

**Klintehamn** is a locality in Gotland Municipality in Gotland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,363 people lived there.

## References
Taberg

**Taberg** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 4,392 people lived there.

## References
Brunflo

**Brunflo** is a locality in Östersund Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 3,890 people lived there. The locality is located circa 15 kilometers southeast from Östersund.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Åsarna

**Åsarna**, older spelling: **Åsarne**, is a locality in Berg Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 268 people lived there.

## References
Alfta

**Alfta** is a locality in Ovanåker Municipality in Gävleborg County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,155 people lived there.

## References
Fårö

**Fårö** is a Swedish minor island in the Baltic Sea. It is located north off Swedish Baltic Sea island of Gotland. The island is the second-largest island in the Swedish historical province of Gotland. The island has a population of fewer than 600 inhabitants. It has become a popular summer resort. From the island, a dialect of Modern Gutnish originates. It is, claimed to be the "oldest" language in Sweden.

## References 
## Other websites
Gotska Sandön

**Gotska Sandön** is a Swedish island in the Baltic Sea. It is located cirka 38 kilometres north of Fårö. The island is approximately 9 kilometres long and 6 kilometres wide. Its area is approximately 36&nbsp;km².

The island mostly Gotska consists of sand. Its nature is dominated by beaches, dunes, and pine forests. In 1909, the island became one of the National parks of Sweden. In the summertime,regular boat tours are moving between the island and Fårö as well as nd Nynäshamn.

## Gallery

Image:GotskaSandon SchipkaPass1.jpg|The *Schipka Pass* is a handmade pass through the sand dunes
Image:GotskaSandon EastSide.jpg|The eastern coast seen from the lighthouse
Image:GotskaSandon NorthEastCoast.jpg|The north-eastern coast early in the morning

## References
## Other websites
* Gotska Sandön National Park  from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
*Gotska Sandön (in Swedish)
*Birds on Gotska Sandön
Que te perdone Dios

***Que te perdone Dios*** Also known as ***Que te perdone Dios... Yo no*** is a Mexican telenovela produced by Angelli Nesma Medina for Televisa. It is the remake of the telenovela *Abrázame muy fuerte* produced in 2000. The production of the telenovela began on November 15, 2014.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Länghem

**Länghem** is a locality in Tranemo Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 989 people lived there.

## References
Penguins of Madagascar

***Penguins of Madagascar*** is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated spy action comedy movie by DreamWorks Animation. It's based on the animated series of the same name, serving as a prequel to the show and as a spin-off of the *Madagascar* franchise. Tom McGrath reprises his role of Skipper from both the show and the movies while Chris Miller and Christopher Knights reprises their roles of Kovalski and Private from the movies with Conrad Vernon replacing John DiMaggio as Rico. John Malkovich and Benedict Cumberbatch join them voicing new characters.

It was released by 20th Century Fox on November 26, 2014. It was re-released by Universal Studios.

## Voice cast 
* Tom McGrath as Skipper
* Chris Miller as Kowalski
* Christopher Knights as Private
* Conrad Vernon as Rico
* John Malkovich as Dave \ Dr. Octavius Brine

## Video game
A video game titled *Penguins of Madagascar*, it has been to be released for Wii, Wii U, and Nintendo 3DS.
Bringing Down the House

***Bringing Down the House*** is a 2003 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about a working tax attorney who tries to turn his life around. Steve Martin plays Peter. Queen Latifah plays Charlene. Joan Plowright plays Virginia.

The movie received mixed to negative reviews from critics. It made quite a bit of money anyway.

## Other websites
*
Frankie Randall (singer)

**Frankie Randall** (born **Franklin Joseph** "**Frank**" **Lisbona**; January 11, 1938 &ndash; December 28, 2014) was an American singer, dancer, songwriter, vocalist, actor, and comedian. He was known for appearing on *The Dean Martin Summer Show* and *Day of the Wolves*.

Randall died of lung cancer in Palm Springs, California, aged 76.
Latrell Sprewell

**Latrell Sprewell** is a retired American professional basketball player. His nickname was "Spree".

He was selected 24th overall in the 1992 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. He started 69 of the 77 games in his rookie season and averaged 15.4 points per game.

During his time as a professional, Sprewell was named to the yearly NBA All-Star game four times. He also helped the New York Knicks reach the NBA Finals and the Minnesota Timberwolves to the Western Conference finals.

Despite the accomplishments, his career was overshadowed in 1997 because he choked coach P. J. Carlesimo during a practice. Sprewell's career came to an unexpected end in 2005 when he refused a $21-million three-year contract offer from the Timberwolves.

## References
Slugterra

***SlugTerra*** is a Canadian animated teen television series by Nerd Corps Entertainment. The show first aired in 2012. There were 39 episodes in 2 seasons. The plan also called for three Slugterra movies. The second movie was released on August 2, 2014. 
The show airs on Disney XD in Canada and Disney XD Worldwide. The series was released on DVD in Canada by Entertainment Eone. It was released in the United States by Shout! Factory.

## Plot
Eli Shane has made the trip down to Slugterra. Now he must battle Dr. Blakk before he ghouls every slug and turns them in to ghouls. He's accompanied by Trixie, Kord and Pronto.

## References
## Other websites 
*Website
Odd Iversen

**Odd "Ivers" Iversen** (6 November 1945 – 29 December 2014) was a Norwegian footballer. He was known for his former record of 158 goals in Norwegian top tier football, as well as his still-standing record of 30 goals in a single season.

Iversen died in Trondheim in the early hours of 29 December 2014 from an unknown illness, aged 69.

He was the father of Steffen Iversen.

## Honours
**Rosenborg**
*Norwegian top division: 1967, 1969

**Individual**
*Norwegian top division top scorer: 1967, 1968, 1969, 1979

## References
Järna, Vansbro Municipality

**Järna** is a locality in Vansbro Municipality in Dalarna County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,413 people lived there. Sometimes, it's called **Dala-Järna** to distinguish it from Järna in Södertälje Municipality.

## References
Antonio Brack Egg

**Antonio José Brack Egg** (3 June 1940 &ndash; 30 December 2014), was a Peruvian agronomist engineer, an ecologist, and researcher. He was the first Peruvian Minister of the Environment. 

Egg died after a brief hospitalization in Lima, Peru, aged 74.

## References
P. J. Byrne

**Paul Jeffrey "P. J." Byrne** (born December 15, 1974) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in movies, such as *Horrible Bosses*, *Final Destination 5*, *The Campaign*, *The Wolf of Wall Street* and *Rampage*.  He is known for the television roles, such as his role in *The Game* and *Intelligence*.

## Other websites
*
*
Cyd Charisse

**Cyd Charisse** (March 8, 1922 – June 17, 2008) was an American actress and dancer. She was known for her roles in ''Singin' in the Rain* (1952), *The Band Wagon* (1953) and *Silk Stockings'' (1957). Charisse was born in Amarillo, Texas. She was married to Tony Martin.

Charisse died in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 87.

## References
Örserum

**Örserum** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 322 people were living there.

## References
Convenience store

A **convenience store** is a small store that stocks a range of everyday items. These include groceries, snack foods, candy, toiletries, soft drinks, tobacco products, and newspapers. They may also offer money order and wire transfer services. In some places, corner stores are licensed to sell alcohol, typically beer and wine. 

They differ from general stores and village shops in that they are not usually in rural areas. A convenience store may be part of a gas/petrol station chain. It may be located alongside a busy road, in an urban area, or near a railway or railroad station or other transport hub. In some countries, convenience stores have long shopping hours, some being open 24 hours.

Convenience stores usually charge higher prices than conventional grocery stores or supermarkets. But convenience stores have gained market share. This shows consumers are willing to pay more for . However convenience stores make up for this with the convenience by having longer opening hours, serving more locations, and having shorter checkout lines.

## References
Hardo Aasmäe

**Hardo Aasmäe** (February 11, 1951 – December 29, 2014) was an Estonian geographer, entrepreneur, and politician. He was active in the Estonian People's Front. He was the first post-Soviet mayor of Tallinn, from 1990 to 1992.

Aasmäe died in Tallinn, Estonia, aged 63.

## References
Deaths in 2015

The following is a list of **notable deaths in 2015**. For notable deaths for each month, please see "Months".  Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.
__TOC__

## Months
* January 2015
* February 2015
* March 2015
* April 2015
* May 2015
* June 2015
* July 2015
* August 2015
* September 2015
* October 2015
* November 2015
* December 2015

## Other websites
* *The Guardian*, UK obituaries
* Obituaries, *Los Angeles Times*
* Obituaries, *Chicago Tribune*
* *The New York Times*, US obituaries
* *The Sydney Morning Herald*, Australian obituaries
* *The Telegraph* obituaries
Windows RT

**Windows RT** is a mobile operating system developed by Microsoft. It is a version of Windows 8 or Windows 8.1 built for the 32-bit ARM architecture (ARMv7).  First announced in January 2011 at Consumer Electronics Show, the Windows RT operating system was officially launched 
on August 26, 2012, with the release of three Windows RT-based devices, including Microsoft's original Surface tablet. Unlike Windows 8, Windows RT is only available as preloaded software on devices specifically designed for the operating system by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Normal apps such as Google Chrome cannot be downloaded on Windows RT through any web browser, the only way to get apps on Windows RT is by using the Windows Store, which is an app store for Microsoft Windows, starting from Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 and is also compatible with some versions of Windows Server operating systems, such as Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2.

## Support status
Mainstream support for Windows RT 8.1 ended on January 9, 2018. In 2021, Microsoft said it would stop providing security updates and support for Windows RT 8.1 after January 10, 2023 (EOL date).

## References
Multinational corporation

**Multinational corporations** (**MNC**) or **multinational enterprises** (**MNE**) are organizations that make goods or services in more than one country. They include large corporations that make or sell things in lots of countries. MNCs are sometimes named 'international', 'transnational', or 'stateless' corporations.

MNCs play an important role in globalization. The first business MNC was the "Knights Templar" , founded in 1120.  After that came the British East India Company in 1600, and the Dutch East India Company which started in 1602 and would become the largest company in the world for nearly 200 years. These were made by national legislation to conduct international trade for their home countries.

## Conflict of laws 
Conflict of laws is about which legal system and which national jurisdiction applies to a given dispute.

The term comes from situations where here is disagreement as to where a dispute should be legally settled in court. The three branches of conflict of laws are:
* Jurisdiction – whether the forum court has the power to resolve the dispute at hand
* Choice of law – the law being applied to resolve the dispute
* Foreign judgments – the ability to recognize and enforce a judgment from an external forum within the jurisdiction of the adjudicating forum.

## Conflict of taxation 
Companies usually arrange their affairs to avoid or diminish taxation. This issue attracts much attention. Obviously, tax rates and tax regulations differ from country to country. If an organisation sets up subsidiaries in every country where it has significant business, few problems arise. The subsidiaries pay tax on whatever activities the company does in that place.

However, companies always try to minimise tax. Google uses various tax avoidance strategies. Out of the five largest American technology companies it pays the lowest taxes to countries where its revenue comes from. The company does this partly by licensing technology through subsidiaries in Ireland, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Netherlands. This reportedly sparked a 2012 French investigation into Google's "transfer pricing" methods.

Google Vice President Matt Britt in 2013 told the Public Accounts Committee of the UK House of Commons that his UK sales team made no sales, hence owed no sales tax to the UK.

## Transnational corporations 
A transnational corporation (TNC) differs from a traditional MNC in that it does not identify itself with one national home. While traditional MNCs are national companies with foreign subsidiaries, TNCs spread out their operations in many countries sustaining high levels of local responsiveness. An example of a TNC is Nestlé who employ senior executives from many countries and try to make decisions from a global perspective rather than from one centralized headquarters. Another example of a Transnational Corporation is the Royal Dutch Shell corporation whose headquarters may be in The Hague, Netherlands but its registered office and main executive body where the decisions are made is headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

## References