open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Werra-Meißner-Kreis

**Werra-Meißner** is a *Kreis* (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany.

## History 
The district was created in 1974 by merging the two district Eschwege and Witzenhausen, which both existed with only slight modifications since 1821.

## Geography 
The main river in the district is the Werra. The *Hohe Meißner* with  is the highest of the *Meißner* mountains. The river and the mountain gave the district its name.

The Hohe Meißner was also home to USA military forces up to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Soldiers of the Special Forces guarded the eavesdropping listening post situated on the hilltop.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities 
## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Waldeck-Frankenberg

**Waldeck-Frankenberg** is a *Kreis* (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany.

## History 
The district was created in 1972 by merging the two districts Frankenberg and Waldeck. Most of the area of the district was previously part of the old principality of Waldeck.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Schwalm-Eder-Kreis

**Schwalm-Eder** is a *Kreis* (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany.

## Partnerships 
The district has partnerships with
* , Kajaani City,
* , district of Sedgemoor
* , district of Piła and
* , the Rayon ov (Yaroslavl Oblast).

## Geography 
The two rivers Schwalm and Eder gave the district its name.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities 
## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Velvet Revolver

**Velvet Revolver** (**VR**), was a Grammy Award-winning rock supergroup that started in 2002. The members of the band were three Guns N' Roses band members Slash (lead guitar), Duff McKagan (bass, backing vocals) and Matt Sorum (drums, backing vocals) and Wasted Youth bassist Dave Kushner (rhythm guitar). Stone Temple Pilots' Scott Weiland was previously the lead singer. He joined the band after Stone Temple Pilots broke up in 2003. The band got success with their first album *Contraband* in 2004 and released their second album *Libertad* in 2007. Scott left the band in 2008, though he did one more one-off show with the band in 2012. Velvet Revolver had had several searches for a new singer since then, but had yet to announce a replacement.

## Band members
*Slash&nbsp;– lead guitar, talkbox, occasional backing vocals (2002–2012)
*Duff McKagan&nbsp;– bass, backing vocals (2002–2012)
*Matt Sorum&nbsp;– drums, percussion, backing vocals (2002–2012)
*Dave Kushner&nbsp;– rhythm guitar (2002–2012)
*Scott Weiland&nbsp;– lead vocals, occasional keyboards (2003–2008, 2012; died 2015)

## Discography
;Studio albums
**Contraband* (2004)
**Libertad* (2007)

## Other websites
*Velvet Revolver Official Site (dot com) / Velvet Revolver Official Site (dot net) 
*Velvet Revolver @ RCA Records 
*RCA Records
*Velvet Revolver VH1 Artist Page  
*Velvet Revolver MTV Artist Page  
*Velvet Revolver AOL Artist Page  
*Velvet Revolver Billboard Artist Page  
*Velvet Revolver All Music Guide Artist Page 
*Velvet Revolver Rolling Stone Artist Page  
*Scott Weiland talks about "Libertad" 
* Officiële Velvet Revolver Benelux Website 
*Online wiki for Velvet Revolver concerts and setlists
Kristanna Loken

**Kristanna Sommer Loken** or **Kristanna Sommer Løken** (born October 8, 1979) is an American actress known for her work in both film and television, and a former fashion model. She is perhaps known as T-X from the movie Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003) and Rayne from the movie Bloodrayne (2006).

All of Loken's four grandparents were immigrants to the United States from Norway. She is openly bisexual.

## Filmography
* *Mortal Kombat Conquest* (1998) (as Taja)
* *Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines* (2003) as T-X
* *Ring of the Nibelungs* (2004) as Brunhild
* *BloodRayne* (2006) as Rayne
* *The L Word* (2007) as Paige Sobel
* *Painkiller Jane* (2007) as Jane Vasco / Painkiller Jane
* *In the Name of the King* (2008) as Elora

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Concubinage

was a slave and Abraham's concubine, who gave birth to his son Ishmael.]]
**Concubinage** is the state of a woman in a relationship with a man of higher social status that gives her less rights than a marriage. In most of the cases the man has an official wife and one or more concubines. Concubines have only limited rights of support from the man, and their children have lower status than children born by the official wife or wives; these legal rights distinguish a concubine from a mistress. 

Historically, the family of a girl were in favour of a concubinage with a mighty man, as it brought economic security. But concubinage could also mean sexual slavery.

Historically, sexual relations with  concubines, who are known as “those whom your right hands possess” in the Qur'an, was permissible in Islam. However, most modern Muslims believe that Islam no longer permits concubinage and that sexual relations are religiously permissible only within marriage.

In the Western world there is no legal status of concubines, as only monogamous marriages are recognized. Any other relationship does not enjoy legal protection; the woman is necessarily a mistress.

## References
* *Rosales v. Battle* (2003) 113 Cal.App.4th 1178 (California court decision involving status of concubine. Link requires free registration.)
Long March

The **Long March** is the  retreat of Mao Zedong and the Communists in 1934-35. The communists went to their stronghold away from Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists. Here they were able to join together and start fighting again to beat the Nationalists. They trekked 6,000 miles over 370 days, and only 8,000 survived out of 100,000 people. However, because they had survived such a difficult trial together the survivors were very dedicated and created a more cohesive group. Mao Zedong rose up as a leader during this time. 

## Background 
Before the Long March, China had two sides: the nationalists and the communists. Both sides wanted to rule the country. This brought the Chinese Civil War. Chinese nationalists used 500,000 soldiers to remove the communists from Jiang Xi. They failed four times before. Now the nationalists changed the way to attack the communists, using encirclement (make a circle around the enemy army) to stop them from running away. The Communists leader Borgu tried to fight 500,000 soldiers face to face. But the problem is that the Jianxi communists just had 86,000 soldiers and more than half of them just had a broadsword and no guns. They failed to push the nationalist army back, so they tried to go to meet another communist army in Shaanxi. 

## How it changed China’s history 
The Long March was an important event in Chinese history. It made the China communists army survival and change the way they fight the capitalism. The communists also chose Mao Zedong to become the leader of the communists and all the communist aligned armies in China. Afterward, countryside living and guerilla warfare would be used to fight their Nationalist-faction enemies.

The Long March also made the nationalists follow the communists and kill some local warlord leaders so they controlled more parts of China. They followed the communists all the way to Shaanxi and killed a lot of red army soldiers so that after World War II, the communists had very few soldiers. They took four years to get more soldiers so they could win the civil war.

## Different opinions about the march's result 
The communists believed they won by making a lot of soldiers survive and successfully meet the Communists party in Shaanxi. They also said it is so successful to run away from 100,000 soldiers encirclement and about 200,000 soldiers  hunt between the long march.

The Nationalists thought they were successful because the communists were running away from the battle and were forced to move to the other side of China. They killed at least half of the Red Army soldiers in China.

The reason they have different opinions is because their goals were very different: the Communists just wanted to survive the Nationalist army's attack. The Nationalists' goal was to destroy the Red Army in Jian Xi, making the communists weaker than before. It took the communists four years to rebuild their army and win the civil war.

## References
Italian Campaign

**Italian Campaign** can mean the following:

*The Italian campaign of 1524-1525 fought during the Italian War of 1521.
*The Italian Campaign fought by Napoleon Bonaparte between 1796 and 1797.
*The Austro-Sardinian War fought by Napoleon III of France and Kingdom of Sardinia against Austria in 1859. 
*The Italian Campaign (World War I) was fought primarily by Italy against Austria-Hungary in World War I.
*The Italian Campaign (World War II) that began after the Allied invasion of Italy in World War II.
Eastern Front (World War I)

The **Eastern Front** of World War I was the theatre in which Germany and Austria-Hungary fought against the Russian Empire. Planning places to concentrate forces was very important because there were few railways on the Eastern Front, and troops could not be moved and reinforced as quickly as on the Western Front. 

Russia lost many battles, but its overall situation improved as Russia improved its forces, and more and more allies entered the war. The Eastern Front ended when the Russian Civil War broke out in 1917. The communists signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany so that they could focus on winning the civil war.

## Notes
## Other websites
* WWI Eastern Front Photo.
* WWI Eastern Front Part II
*  by Alfred Knox
Gibbon

**Gibbons** belong to the group of lesser apes. They are known for their ability to swing from one tree to another with great agility and swiftness. 

There are four genera of gibbons. Gibbons live in dense tropical forests, for example, in Sumatra, Thailand, and Malaysia.

## Extraordinary abilities
Gibbons are the best tree travelers in the animal kingdom. They almost seem to be flying as they swing themselves hand over hand through the trees. Like great apes, gibbons can also walk upright on the ground. When they walk on the ground, gibbons hold their long arms in the air to keep them from dragging.

Gibbons are "singers" too. Their powerful voices travel for kilometers through the forests of Southeast Asia. At times, a male, a female, and their young get together and "sing" in a chorus. These sounds help groups of gibbons stay in contact. They also tell unwelcome visitors to stay away.

Gibbons stay busy for most of the day. They swing through the trees, looking for leaves, flowers, fruit, and insects to eat. When night falls, small groups settle down in familiar trees for the night.

## Male and female
Unlike most other primates, male and female gibbons are not very different in size and shape, although they may differ in color. The males are usually black, while the females tend to be ash blond. Female gibbons have one offspring per gestation period and live about 25 years.

* **Family Hylobatidae**: gibbons
** Genus *Hylobates*
*** Lar gibbon or White-handed gibbon, *Hylobates lar*
*** Agile gibbon or Black-handed gibbon, *Hylobates agilis*
*** Müller's Bornean gibbon, *Hylobates muelleri*
*** Silvery gibbon, *Hylobates moloch*
*** Pileated gibbon or Capped gibbon, *Hylobates pileatus*
*** Kloss's gibbon or Mentawai gibbon or Bilou, *Hylobates klossii*
** Genus *Hoolock*
*** Western Hoolock gibbon, *Hoolock hoolock*
*** Eastern Hoolock gibbon, *Hoolock leuconedys*
** Genus *Symphalangus*
*** Siamang, *Symphalangus syndactylus*
** Genus *Nomascus*

## References 
## Other websites 
*Gibbon Conservation Center
*Gibbon Network and Research Lab
Chiron (hypothetical moon)

**Chiron** is the name given to a moon of Saturn claimed to be sighted by Hermann Goldschmidt in 1861 which he said, orbited between Titan and Hyperion. But it has since been determined that it does not exist as it was never seen again for more than 100 years.

It is now known as a centaur, which was found in 1977, named 2060 Chiron.

## References
Mistress (lover)

, the mistress of King Louis XV of France,  1750]]

A **mistress** is a man's long term female sexual partner and companion who is not married to him. This term is especially used when the man is married to another woman.  The relationship is generally stable; however, the couple do not live together openly.  Also, the relationship is usually but not always secret. Rather often the man is paying for some of the woman's living expenses. A mistress has no legal relationship to the man, that makes the difference to the status of a concubine.

The term can also be used to describe the "other" companion in a female same-sex marriage. Likewise, a woman may be married to a man and have a mistress of her own.

## Definition
Historically, the term was used for women who could afford a comfortable lifestyle, because a wealthy man financed that so that she will be available for his sexual pleasure. Such a woman could move between the roles of a mistress and a courtesan. Today however, the word *mistress* is used primarily to refer to the female companion of a man who is married to another woman; in the case of an unmarried man it is usual to speak of a "girlfriend".

The historically best known and most researched mistresses are the royal mistresses of European monarchs, for example Madame de Pompadour. 
In the courts of Europe, particularly Versailles and Whitehall in the 17th and 18th centuries, a mistress often had great power and influence.  A king might hold numerous mistresses but have a single "favourite mistress" or "official mistress" (in French, "maîtresse en titre"), as with Louis XV and Madame de Pompadour.
Dual monarchy

**Dual monarchy**  is a  of two monarchies where the thrones of each monarchy are combined. A typical case is a personal union in which the crowns of the separate kingdoms are held by one person. The following are examples of dual monarchies, listed alphabetically with the dominant or co-dominant nation first:

*Austria-Hungary, a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918.
*Babylon and Nippur during the second half of the rule of the Kassite government in Babylonia, the 13th and 12th centuries BC; the governor of Nippur, the *guennakku*, ruled as a secondary administrative monarch.
*Brandenburg-Prussia from 1618 until 1701, when King Frederick III became King in Prussia
*Castile and Aragón from the union of 1469 resulting from the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile until the abolition of the Crown of Aragón by the Nueva Planta decrees in 1707. The Kingdom of Spain technically existed as a dual monarchy for 238 years and, for this reason, American history lessons about Spain at the time of the voyages of Christopher Columbus teach not simply about "King Ferdinand," but about "Ferdinand and Isabella."
*Denmark and England from the conquest of England by Sweyn I of Denmark in 1013 until the death of Harthacanute in 1042 and the dissolution of the union.
*Denmark-Norway, a dual monarchy that existed from 1536 to 1814.
*Sweden-Norway, a dual monarchy that existed from 1814 to 1905
*Various periods of personal unions between the monarchies on the British Isles:
**England and Ireland from 1541 to 1707. (*Including  Scotland between 1603 and 1707, although parts of Scotland held out until 1652.*)
**Great Britain and Ireland from 1707 to 1800.
**United Kingdom and the Irish Free State from 1927 to 1936/1949. (See Monarchy in the Irish Free State.)
*Kush and Egypt during the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, with Kushite kings on a dual throne from circa 780 BC to 672 BC.
*The Netherlands and Great Britain from 1689 to 1702 as a result of the British Glorious Revolution replacing James II of England with the stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau and his co-ruler and wife Mary II of England
*Oman and Zanzibar as a dual sultanate from the death of Said bin Sultan in 1856 until the British conquest of Zanzibar in 1896.
*Poland-Lithuania from the Union of Krewo in 1385 to its liquidation by the third and final of the Partitions of Poland in 1795. This was the personal union known as the Polish-Lithuanian Union from 1385 to 1569, when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was founded. In 1401, Lithuania was granted vast internal autonomy by the Union of Vilnius and Radom.
*Portugal and Brazil from the relocation of the Portuguese monarchy from Napoleonic-occupied Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1808 until the independence of the Brazilian Empire in 1825.
*Spain and Portugal during the Iberian Union from 1580 to 1640.  This was technically a triple monarchy of Castile, Aragón, and Portugal (see above).  The Kalmar Union between Denmark, Norway and Sweden was also a triple monarchy.

## Related pages
*Personal union
Avant-garde

**Avant-garde** (pronounced ) in French means "front guard", "advance guard", or "vanguard". The term is commonly used in French, English, and German for people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly in the areas of art, culture, and politics. 

Avant-garde represents a going against what is accepted as the norm, especially in culture. 

## Avant-garde art movements 
* Avant-garde music
* Bauhaus
* Conceptual art
* Cubism
* Dadaism
* Expressionism
* Impressionism
* Modern art
* Pop art
* Social realism
* Surrealism

## Related pages
* Bohemianism
* Modernism
* Post-modernism

## References and notes
Avant-garde (disambiguation)

**Avant-garde** refers to experimental work in art, music, culture, or politics. It can also refer to:

* Avant Garde (magazine)
* ITC Avant Garde, a sans serif typeface designed by Herb Lubalin
* Avantgarde Acoustic, a high-end audio company

## Music
* Avant-garde metal, a subgenre of heavy metal music
* The Avant-Garde, a 1960s American pop group
* Avant Garde (band), a 1980s American progressive metal band
* Avantgarde (band), a 2000s Spanish indie rock band
* Avantgarde Music, a record label
Dumb Luck

***Dumb Luck*** is a 2001 movie written and directed by Craig Clyde and starring  Scott Baio, Tracy Nelson, Hal Linden and Eileen Brennan.

## Cast
*Scott Baio
*Tracy Nelson
*Richard Moll
*Hal Linden
*Bobby Edner
*Joey Miyashima
*Todd Bridges
*Eileen Brennan

## Other websites
*
Gil Fates

**Gil Fates** (born **Joseph Gilbert Fates** on 29 September 1914 in Newark, New Jersey, United States; died 1 May 2000 in New York City, United States) was an American television producer. He produced many shows, like ''What's My Line?*. Fates also hosted *CBS Television Quiz'', which was the first television game show to be shown often. Before World War 2, he was a stage actor.

## References
## Other websites
*
Innovation

The classic definitions of **innovation** include: 
#*the introduction of something new*. (Merriam-Webster Online) 
#* a new idea, method or device.* (Merriam-Webster Online)
#* the successful exploitation of new ideas*  (Department of Trade and Industry, UK). 
#*change that creates a new dimension of performance* Peter Drucker (Hesselbein, 2002)

In economics, business and government policy,- something new - must be substantially different, not an unimportant change. In economics the change must increase value, customer value, or producer value. Innovations are intended to make someone better off, and the succession of many innovations grows the whole economy. 

## Related pages
* Creativity
* Entrepreneur
* History of science
* Ingenuity
* Invention
* Paradigm shift
* Patent
* Public domain
* Research
* Joseph Schumpeter
* Technological change
* Technological singularity

## Other websites
* Academic article on Being a Systems Innovator on SSRN
*"Communication on Innovation policy: updating the Union’s approach in the context of the Lisbon strategy" - The European Commission.
Innovation (disambiguation)

**Innovation** may refer to one of the following.
*Innovation,  the process of making changes to something established by introducing something new
*Innovation Comics, a Wheeling, West Virginia-based comic book company active in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
*Innovation Department Stores, former Belgian department store chain, well known for the disastrous 1967 fire.
Santieh River

The **Santieh River** is a river in Taiwan. It flows through Tainan County for .

## Related pages
*List of rivers of Taiwan
List of mountains in Taiwan

Taiwan has a lot of mountains, and mountain climbing is a favorite activity of the and many Taiwanese people.  A list of **One Hundred Mountains Ranking** () was created in 1971, which listed the best mountains for climbing on the island.  Climbing all one hundred mountains is the greatest challenge for Taiwanese climbers.

## High peaks 
* Jade Mountain (Yushan, Yu Shan, Mt. Yu, Niitakayama, Mount Niitaka, Mt. Morrison)  玉山:   
**Main Peak 主峰 3,952 m 
**Eastern Peak 東峰 3,940 m
**Northern Peak 北峰 3,920 m 
**Southern Peak 南峰 3,900 m 
 
* Snow Mountain 雪山 3,886 m (Hsuehshan)
* Siouguluan Mountain 秀姑巒山 3,860 m 
 
* Wulameng Mountain 烏拉孟山 3,805 m 
* Nanhu Mountain 南湖大山 3,740 m 
* Central Range Point 中央尖山 3,703 m 
* Mount Guan 關山 3,666 m 
 
* Dongjyun Mountain 東郡大山 3,619 m 
* Cilai Mountain 奇萊山:  
**Northern Peak 北峰 3,605 m 
**Main Peak 主峰 3,559 m 
* Siangyang Mountain 向陽山 3,603 m 
* Dajian Mountain 大劍山 3,593 m 
* Cloud Peak 雲峰 3,562 m (Yunfeng) 
* Dasyue Mountain 大雪山 3,529 m 
* Tao Mountain 桃山 3,525 m 
* Pintien Mountain 品田山 3,524 m 
* Dabajian Mountain 大霸尖山 3,505 m
* Wuming Mountain 無明山 3,449 m
* Hehuan Mountain 合歡山 3,416 m (Hehuanshan)
* Nenggao Mountain 能高山:  
**Southern Peak 南峰 3,349 m 
**Main Peak 主峰 3,261 m 
* Jhuoshe Mountain 卓社大山 3,343 m 
* Baigu Mountain 白姑大山 3,341 m 
* Sinkang Mountain 新康山 3,335 m 
* Taroko Mountain 太魯閣大山 3,282 m
* Dan Mountain 丹大山 3,240 m

## Other mountains 
* Yangmingshan 陽明山 (Mt. Yangming, a mountain area in north Taiwan)
* Seven Star Mountain 1,120 m (Taiwan's tallest extinct volcano)
* Taipingshan 太平山 1950 m (Mt. Taiping)

## Other websites 
* Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China.  
* The Department of National Parks. 
* List of the one hundred mountains (Chinese Wikipedia)
Burnham Grammar School

**Burnham Grammar School** (BGS) is a grammar school in Burnham, Buckinghamshire. It was established and opened in 1960. They are a community education school. The school takes children from the age of 11 to the age of 18. The school has an estimated 900 pupils. The pupils are split into five houses.

The school has an all weather sports pitch which the Wycombe Wanderers first team occasionally train on.

In September 2004, the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) awarded the school status as a Science College.

The current head teacher of the school is Dr. Andrew Gillespie who took over from Cathy Long in January 2008.

## Famous alumni
* Mike Ashley, entrepreneur and owner of Newcastle United F.
* Jimmy Carr, comedian
* David Connolly, professional footballer
* Ulrika Jonsson, television presenter

## References
## Other websites 
* School Website 
* Ofsted Reports 
* Department for Children, Schools and Families GCSE Performance Tables
Metacritic

**Metacritic** is a website which collects expert s for movies, TV, video games, music and formally books. It provides a **Metascore**, an average score out of 100 possible points based on published reviews. It has the score in one of three colours, red being negative, yellow being mixed and green being positive.

## Related pages 
* Rotten Tomatoes

## References
Marktbreit

**Marktbreit am Main** () is a town in Kitzingen in the  Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken in Bavaria, Germany. It is at the most southern point of the Main river. Marktbreit is the birthplace of Alois Alzheimer who first identified the symptoms of what is now known as Alzheimer's disease. With its suburb , Marktbreit has about 3,700 residents.

## Geography
### Place
Marktbreit is in Kitzingen, in Lower Franconia, Bavaria. Its territory is on the left bank of  the Main river, at the river's southernmost curve. Kitzingen is upriver, while downriver are Ochsenfurt and Würzburg.

Marktbreit is on the southwestern edge of the district, where it borders on the districts of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim and Würzburg.

### Subdivisions
The town has two *Stadtteile*: Marktbreit and Gnodstadt.

### Neighbouring communities
The municipality borders on (from the north clockwise): Marktsteft, Obernbreit, Martinsheim, Oberickelsheim, Ochsenfurt, Frickenhausen am Main and Segnitz.

## References
## Other websites
*
Eclipse

An **eclipse** is an astronomical event.  It is when one object in the sky moves into the shadow of another such object.  When an eclipse happens within a system of stars, like the Solar System, it makes a type of syzygy. This means that three or more objects in the sky are lined up in a straight line in the same gravitational system.

The term *eclipse* is most often used to describe a *solar eclipse*, when the Moon's shadow crosses the Earth's surface, or a *lunar eclipse*, when the Moon moves into the shadow of Earth. No solar eclipse can last longer than 7 minutes and 58 seconds because of the speed at which the Earth and Moon move. When the Sun is not involved, the event is called occultation. (The next solar eclipse happening is in 2044-2045)  

## Etymology 
The word comes from the ancient Greek noun  ('**), which is from the verb  (**'). This means "to cease (stop) to exist (be there)".

## References
Lena Gercke

**Lena Johanna Gercke** is a model. She is the winner of the first cycle (season) of *Germany’s Next Topmodel* by Heidi Klum.

After a casting, Lena Gercke made it to the last 12 girls and eventually won the competition.

## Other websites
*Lena Gercke  at IMG Models
*Lena Gercke in the Fashion Model Directory
*http://www.lena-g.de Official website
*http://lena-live.spaces.live.com/default.aspx Lena Gercke's second homepage
Carl von Moers

**Carl von Moers** (9 December 1871 in Neuwied – 26 May 1957) was a German horse rider who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He and his horse *May-Queen* won the silver medal as members of the German team at the 1912 Summer Olympics.  But he was 15th in the individual eventing competition.

He also participated in the individual dressage event at the 1912 Summer Olympics with his horse *New Bank*. They finished twelfth.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Data for Moers at sports-reference.com 
* list of German equestrians
Eclipse (disambiguation)

**Eclipse** can be any of the following:

* Eclipse
* Lunar eclipse
* Solar eclipse
* *Eclipse* (novel), the third book in the series by Stephenie Meyer
** The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, the movie based on the book
Mario Kart DS

***Mario Kart DS*** is a 2005 racing game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS. It is the fifth game in the series and the first which used Nintendo's free online service, Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection. The game was released in the North America, Australia, and Europe in 30 November 2005, and in Japan in 19 December 2005, and in South Korea in which it is the very first Wi-Fi Connection game launched in 2 April 2007.

It got very positive reviews, and scored an average of 91% from Metacritic.

Like other games in the *Mario Kart* series, *Mario Kart DS* involves characters from  *Mario* games racing each other in go-karts on tracks themed from locations in the *Mario* series.  The game, like other *Mario Kart* games, employs various weapons or items that players can use to help themselves or slow down others.  These weapons make *Mario Kart* different from other racing games.

*DS* is the first *Mario Kart* game ever to have computer opponents in battle mode. In battle mode, up to eight carts have four balloons and battle each other until one wins. Another change is that players start with one balloon and must blow into the microphone to blow up other balloons.  With fewer balloons, players get better items, but run the risk of getting knocked out early.  With more balloons, they are safer, but get items that are not as good.

*DS* is also the first online *Mario Kart* title.  It used the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection.  Players used "friend codes" and pick four tracks to race.  Some tracks cannot be played over Wi-Fi because the game might slow down due to large obstacles.

## List of Characters from Mario Kart DS 
### Unlockables 
* Daisy
* Dry Bones
* Waluigi
* R.O.B.

### Starters 
* Mario
* Luigi
* Peach
* Yoshi
* Toad
* Donkey Kong
* Wario
* Bowser

## Voice Actors/Characters 
* Mario, Luigi, Wario and Waluigi-Charles Martinet

* Princess Peach and Toad-Jen Taylor

* Bowser-Scott Burns

* Princess Daisy-Deanna Mustard

* Dry Bones and R.O.B.-Toru Asakawa

## References
The Warriors

**The Warriors** can mean:

**The Warriors* (novel), a novel by Sol Yurick
**The Warriors* (1955 movie) or *The Dark Avenger*, an 1955 Britsh-movie
**The Warriors* (movie), a 1979 movie based on the novel by Sol Yurick
**The Warriors* (video game), a 2005 video game based on the 1979 movie
*The Warriors (band), a hardcore/metal band
*The New Zealand Warriors (formerly the Auckland Warriors), a professional rugby league team
*The Golden State Warriors, an NBA team
**Musa* (movie), a 2001 South Korean movie that is called *The Warrior* in English-speaking countries

## Related pages
*The Warrior
*Warrior (disambiguation)
*Warriors
Castle (disambiguation)

A **castle** is a fortified structure used to defend a territory.

**Castle** or **Castles** can mean:
* University College, Durham, commonly known as "castle"
* Operation Castle, a series of nuclear tests conducted in 1954
** Castle Bravo, its first test
* GWR 4073 Class, the "Castle" class of steam locomotive
* Castle class corvettes, the follow on to the Flower class corvette of World War Two
* Castles (estate agents), in the UK
* Castle Project, an application framework for the .Net platform
* Castle Building Centres Group Ltd., Canadian retailers of lumber and building materials

;Places

* Castle, Bedford, an electoral ward in Bedford, England
* Castle, Swansea, an electoral ward in Swansea, Wales
* Castle, Oklahoma, a town
* Castle Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone
* Smithsonian Institution Building, in Washington, D.C., nicknamed "The Castle"
* Newcastle-under-Lyme, known simply as "castle" to many local people

;Entertainment

* Rook (chess), a chess piece sometimes called a "castle"
** Castling, a move in chess involving the rook and king
* Castle (card game)
* *Castles* (video game), released by Interplay in 1991
* *Castles II: Siege and Conquest*, a 1992 sequel to the above game
* Castle Communications, a record label
* Castles (soap opera), a short-lived soap opera, broadcast by the BBC in 1995

**The Castle** may also refer to:

* *The Castle (novel)* (*Das Schloß*) is a 1922 novel by Franz Kafka and its translations
* *Castle* (novel), the second book in *The Seventh Tower* series
* *The Castle* (film), a 1997 Australian comedy film 
* *The Castle* (game), a videogame made by ASCII corporation
* *The Castle* (radio series), 2007 BBC radio comedy set in the Middle Ages
* The Castle, Budawang National Park, Australia
* CASTLE fight, a computational tool used in game theory
Banda

**Banda** can be any of the following:

## People 
*Hastings Banda, former president of Malawi

## Places 
*Banda District in Uttar Pradesh, India
*Banda, Ghana
*Banda, India, administrative headquarters of Banda District
*Banda Islands, a group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea
*Banda, Maharashtra, India
*Banda Sea, the sea of the South Moluccas in Indonesia, a part of the Pacific Ocean.

## Other uses 
*Banda languages, spoken by the Banda people
*Banda music, a traditional Mexican form of music
*Banda people, an ethnic group of the Central African Republic
Arena, Wisconsin

**Arena** is a village in Iowa County, Wisconsin, USA. There were 844 people living in the village of Arena as of the 2020 census. The village of Arena can be found inside of the town of Arena.  The village has an area of 1.2&nbsp;square miles, says the United States Census Bureau.

## References
## Other websites
*Information about the Village of Arena, Wisconsin
Eliot Spitzer

**Eliot Laurence Spitzer** (born June 10, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the New York State Attorney General before becoming Governor of New York in 2007.

Spitzer resigned as Governor of New York on March 17, 2008 because of a prostitution incident. Spitzer's lieutenant governor, David Paterson, became Governor. Spitzer hosted *In the Arena *on the Cable News Network (CNN). He was hired by CNN President Jonathan Klein to co-host a different program along with a conservative debating him called Parker Spitzer. The other co-host left, and the show was renamed In the Arena. The show was cancelled by CNN in 2011.

## References
Community Identification Number

The **Official Municipality Key**, which used to be called the *Official Municipality Characteristic Number* or *Municipality Code Number*, is a group of numbers used to tell the difference between different municipalities and areas.  

## Germany 
In Germany the Official Municipality Key has statistical goals and is given by the statistics offices of individual German states.  The municipality key is given in times like moving house on the notice of some documents.

### Structure 
The municipality key has eight digits, which are set like this: The **first two numbers** tell people what the German state is.  The **third number** say the government district (in areas without government districts a zero is used instead).  The **fourth and fifth numbers** show people the number of the urban area (in a city without districts) or the district (in a city with districts).  The **sixth, seventh, and eighth numbers** show the municipality or the number of the municipality-free area.  

#### Examples 
**08** **1** **11** **000**: Stuttgart

* **08**: Baden-Württemberg
* **1**: Government district of Stuttgart
* **11**: Urban area of Stuttgart
* **000**: No other municipality is available, since Stuttgart is an urban area

**15** **3** **52** **002**: Aschersleben

* **15**: Saxony-Anhalt
* **3**: Government district of Magdeburg
* **52**: District of Aschersleben Strassfurt
* **002**: City of Aschersleben

### Federal States in Germany 
* 01: Schleswig-Holstein
* 02: Hamburg
* 03: Lower Saxony
* 04: Bremen
* 05: North Rhine-Westphalia
* 06: Hesse
* 07: Rhineland-Palatinate
* 08: Baden-Württemberg
* 09: Bavaria
* 10: Saarland
* 11: Berlin
* 12: Brandenburg
* 13: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* 14: Saxony
* 15: Saxony-Anhalt
* 16: Thuringia

### Other websites 
* City listing with municipality key

## Austria 
### Structure 
In Austria the municipality key has five digits which are chosen like this: The **first number** shows the number of the Austrian state, the **second and third numbers** show the district, and the **fourth and fifth numbers** show the municipality.

#### Examples 
**3** **25** **21**: Rappottenstein

* **3**: Lower Austria
* **25**: Zwettl district
* **21**: Municipality of Rappottenstein

**9** **07** **01**: Vienna – Neubau

* **9**: Vienna
* **07**: Neubau (7th district)
* **01**: District of Neubau

### Federal States 
*1 Burgenland
*2 Carinthia
*3 Lower Austria
*4 Upper Austria
*5 Salzburg
*6 Styria
*7 Tyrol
*8 Vorarlberg
*9 Vienna

### Other websites 
* City listing with municipality key 

## Switzerland 
### Structure 
The Swiss Federal Office for Statistics makes code numbers with up to four digits, which are given in the order chosen with the official order of the cantons, districts, and municipalities in Switzerland.

### Cantons
Volta

**Volta** can be any of the following:

## Rivers and lakes 
* Lake Volta in Ghana
* Burkina Faso, the country formerly named *Upper Volta*
* The Volta River, consisting of the:
** Black Volta
** Red Volta
** White Volta

## Famous people 
* Alessandro Volta

## Other 
* *Volta* (album), a 2007 album by Björk
List of rivers of Alabama

The following is a **list of rivers of Alabama**, by letter:
*Alabama River
*Bear Creek
*Black Warrior River
*Blackwater River
*Broglen River
*Buttahatchee River
*Cahaba River
*Chattahoochee River
*Chattooga River
*Choctawhatchee River
*Conecuh River
*Coosa River
*Dog River
*Duck River
*Elk River
*Escambia River
*Escatawpa River
*Fish River
*Flint River
*Fowl River
*Little Choctawhatchee River
*Little New River
*Little River
*Little Tallapoosa River
*Little Warrior River
*Locust Fork
*Magnolia River
*Mobile River
*Mulberry Fork
*New River
*North River
*Noxubee River
*Paint Rock River
*Patsaliga Creek
*Pea River
*Perdido River
*Sepulga River
*Sipsey River
*Sipsey Fork
*Styx River
*Sucarnoochee River
*Tallapoosa River
*Tennessee River
*Tensaw River
*Tombigbee River
*Waxahatchee Creek
*Yellow River
List of rivers of Africa

The following is a **list of rivers of Africa**, by region.

## Southern Africa
* Berg - South Africa
* Anzac - Angola
* Fish - Namibia
* Groot - South Africa
* Ihosy River - Madagascar
* Kuiseb - Namibia
* Kunene - Angola *(as Cunene)*, Namibia, Botswana
* Kwando - Namibia, also known as *Linyanti* and *Chobe* in places
* Limpopo - Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana
* Mangoky River - Madagascar
* Mania River - Madagascar
* Molopo - Botswana, South Africa
* Okavango - Botswana, Namibia, Angola *(as "Cubango")*
* Onilahy River - Madagascar
* Orange - South Africa, Lesotho, Namibia
* Tugela - South Africa
* Vaal - South Africa
* Zambezi - Angola, Zambia, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique

## Central Africa
* Chari - Central African Republic, Chad, Cameroon
**Logone
* Congo 
** Kwango
** Kasai
** Lualaba
** Lomami
** Ubangi - Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic *(as "Oubangui")*
*** Uele
*** Mbomou
* Gabon
* Kouilou-Niari - Congo
* Mbini
* Ntem
* Nyanga - Gabon
* Ogooué - Gabon

## East Africa
* Awash - Ethiopia
* Jubba - Somalia
** Dawa - Ethiopia
** Gebele - Ethiopia
* Kerio - Kenya
* Maputo - Mozambique
* Mara - Kenya, Tanzania
* Omo - Ethiopia
* Rufiji - Tanzania
* Ruvuma (Rovuma) - Tanzania, Mozambique
* Shebelle - Ethiopia, Somalia
* Tana - Kenya
* Victoria Nile - Uganda
* Albert Nile - Uganda
* Kazinga Channel - Uganda
* Kagera River (Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda)

## West Africa
* Bandama - Côte d'Ivoire
* Cavally - Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire
* Gambia - Gambia, Senegal
* Niger - Nigeria, Benin, Niger, Mali, Guinea
* Oueme - Benin
* Saint Paul - Liberia
* Sanaga - Cameroon
* Sankarani- Mali
* Senegal - Senegal, Mauritania, Mali
* Volta - Ghana, Burkina Faso
* Benue - Nigeria

## North Africa
* Nile - Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia
** Atbarah River - Sudan, Ethiopia
** Blue Nile - Sudan, Ethiopia
** Didessa River - Ethiopia
** Mountain Nile - Sudan
** Bahr el Zeraf - Sudan
** White Nile - Sudan

* Bou Regreg - Morocco
* Draa River - Algeria, Morocco
* Moulouya River - Morocco
* Oum Er-Rbia River - Morocco
* Sebou River - Morocco
List of rivers of Arizona

This is a **list of rivers in Arizona**:

*Agua Fria River
*Big Sandy River
*Bill Williams River
*Black River
*Blue River, Arizona
*Burro Creek
*Cañada del Oro
*Cave Creek
*Colorado River
*Eagle Creek
*Fossil Creek
*Gila River
*Hassayampa River
*Kanab Creek
*Little Colorado River
*Navajo Creek
*New River
*Oak Creek
*Paria River
*Puerco River
*Salt River
*San Carlos River
*San Francisco River
*San Pedro River
*San Simon River
*Santa Cruz River
*Santa Maria River
*Silver Creek
*Sonoita Creek
*Tonto Creek
*White River
*Verde River
*Virgin River
*Zuni River
List of rivers of Arkansas

This is a **list of rivers in Arkansas**:

*Antoine River
*Arkansas River
*Bayou des Arc
*Bennetts River
*Black River
*Boeuf River
*Buffalo River (Buffalo National River)
*Cache River
*Caddo River
*Cossatot River
*Current River
*Eleven Point River
*Fourche River
*Fourche La Fave River
*Illinois River
*Kings River
*L'Anguille River
*Little Antoine River
*Little Black River
*Little Buffalo River
*Little Cossatot River
*Little Maumelle River
*Little Missouri River
*Little Red River
*Little River in northeastern Arkansas, a tributary of the St. Francis River
*Little River in southwestern Arkansas, a tributary of the Red River
*Little Strawberry River
*Maumelle River
*Mississippi River
*Mountain Fork
*Mulberry River
*North Fork River
*Ouachita River
*Petit Jean River
*Poteau River
*Red River
*Rolling Fork
*St. Francis River
*Saline River in southwestern Arkansas, a tributary of the Little River
*Saline River in southern Arkansas, a tributary of the Ouachita River
*Spring River
*Strawberry River
*Sulphur River
*Tyronza River
*White River
List of rivers of Albania

The following is a **list of Albanian rivers**, by letter:
* Berisha River
* Bistrica River
* Bushtrica River
* Buna River
* Drini River
* Drini i Zi River
* Devolli River
* Drino River
* Dunaveci River
* Fani River
* Fani i Madh River
* Fani i Vogël River
* Erzeni River
* Gomsiqja River
* Gostima River
* Gjadri River
* Gjanica River
* Gjolja River
* Ishmi River
* Kalasa River
* Kiri River
* Lana River
* Lesniqja River
* Mati River
* Nikaj River
* Osumi River
* Qarishta River
* Rapuni River
* Semani River
* Shkumbini River
* Shushica River
* Vjosa River
* Pavllo River
* Drini i Bardhë River
* Tërkuza River
* Tirana River
* Zeza River
Battle of Tannenberg (1914)

The **Battle of Tannenberg** was a decisive engagement between the Russian Empire and the German Empire in the first days of World War I. It was fought by the Russian First and Second Armies and the German Eighth Army between 17 August and 2 September 1914. The battle ended with the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army.

The battle took place near Allenstein.  The Germans named it after Tannenberg.  They wanted to express that they had made good their defeat at the medieval Battle of Tannenberg or (Grunwald).  In that 1410 battle the Lithuanians finally defeated the Teutonic Knights.

## Bibliographic references
* .

* .
* *Tannenberg 1914* by John Sweetman. Includes battle plans in colour and archived black and white photographic plates of the battle.

## Other websites
* Battle of Tannenberg
List of rivers of Argentina

The following is an incomplete **list of rivers in Argentina**, by letter:

#Río Abaucan - Abaucan River
#Río Aguapey - Aguapey River
#Río Arrecifes - Arrecifes River
#Río Atuel - Atuel River
#Río Bermejo - Bermejo River
#Río Carapari - Carapari River
#Río Carcarañá - Carcarañá River
#Río Carrenleufú - Carrenleufú River
#Río Chico - Chico River
#Río Chubut - Chubut River
#Río Coig - Coig River
#Río Coile - Coile River
#Río Colorado - Colorado River
#Río Conlara - Conlara River
#Río Corrientes - Corrientes River
#Río Cosquín - Cosquín River
#Río Cuarto - Cuarto River
#Río De La Plata - De La Plata River
#Río Desaguadero - Desaguadero River
#Río Deseado - Deseado River
#Río Diamante - Diamante River
#Río Dulce - Dulce River
#Río Feliciano - Feliciano River
#Río Futaleufú - Futaleufú River
#Río Gallegos - Gallegos River
#Río Gualeguay - Gualeguay River
#Río Gualeguaychú - Gualeguaychú River
#Río Guayquiraro - Guayquiraro River
#Río Horcones - Horcones River
#Río Hua-Hum - Hua-Hum River
#Río Iguazú - Iguazú River
#Río Itiyuro - Itiyuro River
#Río Jachal - Jachal River
#Río Juramento - Juramento River
#Río La Matanza - La Matanza River (Riachuelo)
#Río Limay - Limay River
#Río Manso - Manso River
#Río Mayer - Mayer River
#Río Mendoza - Mendoza River
#Río Miriñay - Miriñay River
#Río Mocoretá - Mocoretá River
#Río Mojotoro - Mojotoro River
#Río Negro - Negro River
#Río Negro (Chaco) - Negro River (Chaco)
#Río Neuquén - Neuquén River
#Río Nogoya - Nogoya River
#Río Paraguay - Paraguay River
#Río Paraná - Paraná River
#Río Pasaje - Pasaje River
#Río Pepiri-Guazu - Pepiri-Guazu River
#Río Pico - Pico River
#Río Pilcomayo - Pilcomayo River
#Río Primero - Primero River
#Río Puelo - Puelo River
#Río Quinto - Quinto River
#Río Rosario - Rosario River
#Río Salado - Salado River
#Río Salado (Buenos Aires) - Salado River (Buenos Aires)
#Río Sali - Sali River
#Río San Fransisco - San Fransisco River
#Río San Javier - San Javier River
#Río San Juan - San Juan River
#Río Santa Cruz - Santa Cruz River
#Río Santa Lucía - Santa Lucía River
#Río Segundo - Segundo River
#Río Senguerr - Senguerr River
#Río Simpson - Simpson River
#Río Tercero - Tercero River
#Río Tunuyán - Tunuyán River
#Río Urueña - Urueña River
#Río Uruguay - Uruguay River
#Río Vinchina - Vinchina River
#Río Vizcachas - Vizcachas River
List of rivers of Asia

The following is a **list of the major rivers of Asia**, by letter. See the articles for tributaries and other information.

* Amu Darya - Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan - Caspian Sea
* Amur - China (Manchuria), Russia (Siberia) - Sea of Okhotsk
** Angara
* Aras -Turkey
* Buriganga River - Bangladesh
* Büyük Menderes( Maeander) - Turkey
* Brahmaputra - China (Tibet), India (Assam), Bangladesh - Bay of Bengal
* Cagayan - Philippines (Luzon)
* Chao Phraya - Thailand - Gulf of Thailand
* DicleTigris - Turkey, Iraq 
* Fırat Euphrates - Turkey, Syria, Iraq
* Ganges River - India
** Ghaggar River
* Godavari - India
* Habur (Khabur) Turkey, Syria
* Hai - China - Yellow Sea
* Han River - Korea - Yellow Sea
* Hari River, Afghanistan - Afghanistan and Turkministan
* Huai - China - Yellow Sea
* Huangpu River - China
* Indus - China (Tibet), Pakistan
* Ayeyarwady River - Burma
* Irtysh - China
* Jordan - Israel, Jordan
* Kapuas - Borneo
* Karakash - China (Takla Makan)
* Karnaphuli - India, Bangladesh
* Karun Iran
* Kaveri River- India
* Kızılırmak Halys - Turkey
* Krishna - India - Bay of Bengal
* Kolyma - Russia (Siberia)
* Küçük Menderes (Cayster) - Turkey
* Lena - Russia (Siberia)
* Lishui (Li)- China
* Liao - China (Manchuria) - Bohai Gulf
* Marikina River - Philippines (Marikina City, Metro Manila)
* Mekong - China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia.
* Mindanao - Philippines
* Ob - Russia (Siberia) - Gulf of Ob of the Arctic Ocean
* Om - Russia
* Orontes ('Asi) - Lebanon, Syria
* Pasig River - Philippines (Pasig City and Manila, Metro Manila)
* Pearl River - China - South China Sea
** Lijiang
* Rajang River - Malaysia - South China Sea
* Red River - China, Vietnam - South China Sea
* Sakarya River - Turkey
* Salween - China (Tibet, Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand - Andaman Sea
* Sefid River Iran
* Selenga - Russia (Siberia), Mongolia
* Shatt al-Arab - Iraq, Iran - Persian Gulf
** Songhua - China (Manchuria), Russia (Siberia)
* Syr Darya - Kazakhstan
* Tumen River - China, North Korea, Russia - Sea of Japan
* Vaigai River - India
* Xi - China
** Xiang - China
* Yangtze (Chang Jiang) - China - East China Sea
* Yalu - North Korea, China - Korea Bay of the Yellow Sea
* Yellow River (Huang He) - China - Yellow Sea
* Yenisei - Russia (Siberia)
* Yeşilırmak -Turkey
** Yuan- China
* Yurungkash - China (Takla Makan)
** Zijiang (Zi)- China
* Zeravshan - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Erich Ludendorff

**Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff** (sometimes given as **von Ludendorff**) (April 9, 1865 – December 20, 1937) was a German Army officer, *Generalquartiermeister* during World War I, victor of Liège, and, with Paul von Hindenburg, one of the victors of the battle of Tannenberg.  

After the war, he briefly supported Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.  He was not found guilty for his role in the Nazis' unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch.  He became disillusioned with politics and retired from public life that year.

## Other websites 
* Erich Ludendorff Firstworldwar.com Who's Who
* Ludendorff by H. L. Mencken published in the June 1917 edition of the *Atlantic Monthly*
* Biography of Erich Ludendorff  From Spartacus Educational
* *My War Memories* by Erich Ludendorff at archive.org
* *The Triumph Of The Immortal Will* by Mathilde Ludendorff at archive.org
List of rivers of Bangladesh

This is a **list of rivers in Bangladesh**, by letter, with some Bangladeshi names given for some of the rivers; there are at least 31 known rivers of Bangladesh:

* Arial Kha River
* Atrai River
* Bangali River (বাঙালি *Bangali*)
* Baral River (বড়াল *Bôṛal*)
* Biskhali River
* Bhoirov River
* Brahmaputra River (ব্রহ্মপুত্র *Bromhoputro*)
* Buriganga River (বুড়িগঙ্গা *Buṛigôngga*)
* Bura Gauranga River
* Dhaleshwari River (ধলেশ্বরী *Dhôleshshori*)
* Dhepa River
* Feni River (ফেনী Feni)
* Gorai-Madhumati River (গড়াই-মধুমতি *Gôṛai-Modhumoti*)
* Gumti River
* Haora River
* Jaldhaka River (জলঢাকা *Jôlḍhaka*)
* Jamuna River (যমুনা *Jomuna*)
* Karnaphuli River (কর্ণফুলি *Kôrnofuli*)
* Khowai River
* Kushiyara River
* Karotoa River
* Mahananda River (মহানন্দা *Môhanônda*)
* Manu River, Tripura
* Meghna River (মেঘনা *Meghna*)
* Muhuri River (মুহুরী *Muhuri*)
* Naf River (নাফ *Naf*)
* Padma River (পদ্মা *Pôdda*)
* Punarbhaba River
* Pusur River
* Shitalakshya River (শীতালক্ষ্যা *Shitalokkha*)
* Surma River (সুরমা *Shurma*)
* Teesta River (তিস্তা *Tista*)