open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gernot Plassnegger

**Gernot Plassnegger** (born 23 March 1978 in Leoben) is a former Austrian football player. He played as defender. He also played one match for the Austrian national football team.  After the end of his career he became coach.
## Career 
Plassnegger began his career at his hometown club, FC Trofaiach. Via ASVÖ FC Puchhe moved to Austria Salzburg at the age of 19. There, he won the Austrian championship in his second season under coach Heribert Weber. In 1998  Plassnegger moved to Austria Vienna. He played there for two and a half years. During the winter break of the 2000/01 season he signed with 1. FC Saarbrücken .

He played a powerful second half of the season and went to the Bundesligaclub VfL Wolfsburg. However, he was unable to establish himself. He was loaned back to SV Waldhof Mannheim in the 2. Bundesliga. There, the Styrian was particularly impressive as a striker, scoring ten goals in 26 league matches. 2003 he went Hansa Rostock. However, after failing to secure a regular place  he returned to Austria after a total of three and a half years in Germany.

He signed with GAK. In the spring of 2006, Plassnegger left GAK due to unpaid wages. He moved to SK Rapid  in June.  He then moved to SK Austria Kärnten in 2007. For the 2008/09 season, Gernot Plassenegger signed for three years with Greek first division club Ergotelis. He left Greece after one season and moved to FC Admira Wacker Mödling. During this time he achieved promotion to the Bundesliga and qualification for the UEFA Europa League. For Admira he played  139 matches. After five years the contract was not renewed in 2013. That is why he ended his career.

## International 
In total, Plassnegger played 53 times for the Austrian junior teams. On 6 October 2006, he also made his only appearance for the Austrian national team in a 2-1 friendly win against Liechtenstein in Vaduz.
## International statistics
## Manager career 
Plassnegger became coach of Grazer AK for the 2013/14 season. In September 2017, he became coach of second-division club SC Austria Lustenau.  After two years as coach of Lustenau, he resigned from his position in September 2019. 

In March 2020, he became coach of Grazer AK for a second time. GAK parted ways with Plassnegger in October 2021. 2024 he became coach of SV Oberwart  in the Regionalliga Ost (3rd tier).

## References
Ali Akbar Isfahani

**Ali Akbar Isfahani** (Persian: علی اکبر معمار اصفهانی) was a Persian architect from the Safavid period. He was born in 1577. The exact year of his death is not known, but it happened sometime in the 17th century.
He is famous for designing the Shah Mosque in Isfahan, Iran. The mosque was built between 1611 and 1631, under the rule of Abbas I of Persia. His name is written in an inscription above the main entrance of the mosque. by Ali Akbar Isfahani|left]]
## References
Mercury polycations

**Mercury polycations** are a group of related polyatomic ions made from the chemical element mercury. They include the **mercurous ion**  and larger ions with many connected mercury atoms. Some polymer ions are large enough to be considered "infinite". Mercury making polycations gives it very different chemistry and crystal structure compared to related elements like zinc and cadmium.

The mercury atoms are connected by covalent bonds, not the metallic bonds that normally connect atoms of metals like mercury. This is one of the first examples of a metal-metal covalent bond discovered by modern chemistry.

Mercury polycations are found in some minerals.

## References
Archdiocese of Buenos Aires

The **Archdiocese of Buenos Aires** is an ecclesiastical constituency of the Catholic Church in Argentina.

It is a Latin archdiocese, metropolitan seat of the ecclesiastical province of Buenos Aires. Between 1936 and 2024 it was the primal seat of Argentina. On 13 March 2013, Cardinal Archbishop Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected pope, taking the name of Francis. On 22 July 2024, the primatial see of Argentina was transferred to the **Archdiocese of Santiago del Estero**. The current archbishop, since 26 May 2023, is **Jorge Ignacio García Cuerva**.

## References 
## Other websites
Surface Laptop 5

The **Microsoft Surface Laptop 5** is a laptop computer developed by Microsoft. It was released on 25 October 2021. it is currently runs Windows 11. It supports Thunderbolt 4 and Intel Alder Lake processor.

## Reviews 
The Guardian reviews the Surface Laptop 5, it has good reviews like good keyboard and trackpad, USB-A, good screen, Windows Hello and no bloatware installed by itself, it has bad reviews like no SD card reader, only one USB-C charger port, battery life much worse than best and more costs.

The Verge reviews the Surface Laptop 5, it has good reviews like very fast single-core processor and 3:2 screen, it has bad reviews like still has a 720p camera.

## References
Richard Coren

**Richard "Richie" Coren** (11 August 1954 – 31 March 2021) was an American bridge player. He died in March 2021 from Crohn's disease.

## Bridge accomplishments
### Wins
* North American Bridge Championships (6)
** Reisinger (1) 2017 
** Norman Kay Platinum Pairs (1) 2014 
** Rockwell Mixed Pairs (1) 2014 
** Blue Ribbon Pairs (1) 2000 
** Grand National Teams (1) 2014 
** Keohane North American Swiss Teams (1) 2001 

### Runners-up
* North American Bridge Championships
** Grand National Teams (1) 2017 

## References
Lew DeWitt

**Lewis Calvin DeWitt Jr.** (March 12, 1938 – August 15, 1990) was country music singer, guitarist, and composer, from America. He was a founding member of The Statler Brothers and the group's original tenor.

## Discography
### Albums
### Singles
## Notes 
:1."Welcome to the Holiday Inn" was previously released on the *On My Own* album.

## References
## Further reading
* 

## Other websites
*
Agha Bozorg Mosque

**Agha Bozorg Mosque** (Persian: مسجد آقا بزرگ, *Masjed-e Āghā Bozorg*) is a historic mosque in the city of Kashan, Iran. It was built at the end of the 18th century by a builder named Ustad Haj Sa'ban-ali. The mosque and its religious school (madrasa) are in the center of the city.

## Gallery 

File:A View of Front door.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_View_of_Front_door.jpg|A view of the front door
File:Mezquita de Agha Bozorg, Kashan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 84.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mezquita_de_Agha_Bozorg,_Kashan,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-19,_DD_84.jpg|A view of the courtyard
File:Mezquita de Agha Bozorg, Kashan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 82.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mezquita_de_Agha_Bozorg,_Kashan,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-19,_DD_82.jpg|The symmetry in design is a trademark of Islamic architects
File:Mezquita de Agha Bozorg, Kashan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 80.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mezquita_de_Agha_Bozorg,_Kashan,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-19,_DD_80.jpg|Main mosque building
File:Mezquita de Agha Bozorg, Kashan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 83.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mezquita_de_Agha_Bozorg,_Kashan,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-19,_DD_83.jpg|Detail of an iwan
File:Mezquita de Agha Bozorg, Kashan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 85.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mezquita_de_Agha_Bozorg,_Kashan,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-19,_DD_85.jpg|Ceiling
File:Agha Bozorg mosque, Kashan.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Agha_Bozorg_mosque,_Kashan.jpg|The mosque at sunset
File:Agha Bozorg Mosque, Kashan, Iran.jpg|An inside view

## References
Nicky Hopkins

**Nicholas Christian Hopkins** (24 February 1944 – 6 September 1994) was an English pianist and organist. He performed on many popular and enduring British and American rock music recordings from the 1960s to the 1990s, including on songs recorded by the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Who, the Kinks, the Steve Miller Band, Jefferson Airplane, Rod Stewart, George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, The Hollies, Cat Stevens, Carly Simon, Harry Nilsson, Joe Walsh, Peter Frampton, Jerry Garcia, Jeff Beck, Joe Cocker, Art Garfunkel, Badfinger, Quicksilver Messenger Service and Donovan. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest studio pianists in the history of popular rock music.

## References
## Other websites 
* Audio samples of some great Hopkins moments
* A website about Nicky Hopkins
* The official Nicky Hopkins website
Triphenylmethanol

of triphenylmethanol. The hexagons are phenyl groups.]]

**Triphenylmethanol** is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a molecule of methanol where the non-alcoholic hydrogen atoms have been replaced by phenyl functional groups. It is an ingredient in a type of dye called triarylmethane dyes.

It is more basic than other alcohols. Protonation by a strong acid happens on the oxygen atom, and is followed by elimination of a water molecule. This leaves the very stable trityl cation, a carbocation with a positive charge on the central carbon atom.

Triphenylmethanol was important to the discovery of carbocations. A solution of triphenylmethanol and sulfuric acid, two colorless chemicals, turns bright yellow. Adolf von Baeyer saw that this solution contained a salt-like chemical, now known as trityl bisulfate. von Baeyer named the tendency for organic compounds like triphenylmethanol to make colored salts "halochromy".

## References
Ellen Idelson

**Ellen Idelson** (June 13, 1961 – September 19, 2003) was an American television producer, television writer and actress.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Mark Reale

**Mark Reale** (June 7, 1955 – January 25, 2012) was an American guitarist and songwriter who founded and led the heavy metal band Riot (now known as Riot V) in 1975, which experienced success and popularity in the early 1980s. Reale was the sole constant member of the band, as well as its creative force. After Reale's death in 2012, remaining members of the band reformed the group a year later under the name Riot V.

## Discography 
### with Riot 
**Rock City* (1977)
**Narita* (1979)
**Fire Down Under* (1981)
**Restless Breed* (1982)
**Born In America* (1983)
**Thundersteel* (1988)
**The Privilege of Power* (1990)
**Nightbreaker* (1993)
**The Brethren of the Long House* (1996)
**Inishmore* (1998)
**Shine On Live In Japan (1998)
**Sons of Society* (1999)
**Through the Storm* (2002)
**Army of One* (2006)
**Immortal Soul* (2011)

### with Westworld 
* *Westworld* (1999)
* *Skin* (2000)
* *Live... In the Flesh* (2001)
* *Cyberdreams'' (2002)

## Death 
On January 25, 2012, Reale died of complications related to Crohn's disease. Reale, who suffered Crohn's disease most of his life, had been in a coma since January 11 due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
*Official Facebook page
*Metal Heaven – Europe Label Riot Artist page
*RIOT Guitarist Mark Reale Passes
Elizabeth Rickey

**Elizabeth "Beth" Rickey** (June 11, 1956 – September 12, 2009) was an American activist and leader in the anti-racism and anti-discrimination movement. Her efforts specifically focused on exposing former neo-Nazi and Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke.

## Related pages 
* Racism
M23

**M23**, **M.23** or **M-23** can be
## Military
* HMS *M23*, a Royal Navy 
* M23 chemical mine, a US landmine
* March 23 Movement (M23), a rebel group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
** M23 rebellion (2012–2013)
** M23 campaign (2022–present)
* Sako M23, a Finnish family of assault and battle rifles

## Roads
* M23 motorway, a motorway in England
* M-23 (Michigan highway), a highway designation formerly used in Michigan
* Highway M23 (Ukraine)
* M23 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa
* M23 (Pretoria), a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa
* Federal Highway (Australia), part of which is given the designation "M23"

## Other uses
* M23 (New York City bus), a New York City Bus route in Manhattan
* BFW M.23, two-seater sports plane
* The Mathieu group M23 in the mathematical field of group theory
* m23 software distribution system, a Linux software distribution and management system
* McLaren M23, a race car
* Messier 23 (M23), an open star cluster in the constellation Sagittarius
* M23 derby, a football association match between Brighton and Hove Albion and Crystal Palace
* Samsung Galaxy M23 5G, an Android-based smartphone
Ingolf Schanche

]]
**Ingolf Schanche** (June 13, 1877 – April 15, 1954) was a Norwegian actor and theatre director. He performed mostly at the National Theatre in Oslo, and he was the first artistic director of the Det Nye Teater. 

## Life 
He was born in Bergen, Norway, to Christian Fredrik Grøner Schanche (1847–1918) and Ida P.M. Larsen (1848–1896). 
He made his stage debut in 1897 at the Bergen theatre Den Nationale Scene, performing in Peter Egge's play *Stridsmænd*. He performed two seasons at that theater. 

In 1905 he began to collaborate with the National Theatre, which he continued until 1928.

He got married to Ragnhild Fredriksen (1882–1963), an actress, in Oslo on 11 July 1905.

Since 1913, Schanche also acted in several films. The first, directed by Carl Gandrup, was the silent film *Under Kniven* . His last film production was the Swedish *Mot nya tider*, directed in 1939 by Sigurd Wallén .

In the 1920s he often performed as a guest in theatres in Helsinki, Stockholm and Copenhagen. His roles include Count Danilo in Franz Lehár 's *The Merry Widow*, various characters by Henrik Ibsen, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson's Paul Lange, and Fedja in Leo Tolstoy's play *Det levende li*. However, he reached the pinnacle of his career with his role as Shakespeare 's Hamlet, which he first performed in 1921.

From 1931 to 1942, he performed again at the National Theatre.

## Honors & Associations 
Schanche was an honorary member of the Teaterförbundet trade union. 

He was appointed Knight of the Swedish Order of Vasa, and Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olaf in 1937.

## Death 
Ingolf Schanche died in Oslo in 1954. 

## References
Fluorosulfonic acid

of fluorosulfonic acid. The white ball is hydrogen, the red balls are oxygen, the yellow ball is sulfur, and the yellow-green ball is fluorine.]]

**Fluorosulfonic acid**, also called **fluorosulfuric acid**, is a chemical compound related to sulfuric acid. It is an inorganic sulfonic acid where a fluorine atom replaces one of the  groups attached to the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid. The chemical formula of fluorosulfonic acid is . It is a superacid and the strongest known simple Brønsted acid.

Fluorosulfonic acid is the mixed acid anhydride of  and . As an anhydride, it is vulnerable to hydrolysis, and reacts violently with water to make sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid:
:

## Preparation 
Fluorosulfonic acid is made from sulfur trioxide and hydrogen fluoride. Because it reacts with water, anhydrous chemicals must be used. The chemical equilibrium
:
means that there will always be small amounts of  and  in fluorosulfonic acid, which can damage glass containers by making hexafluorosilicic acid and silicon tetrafluoride.

## References
Macintosh SE

The **Macintosh SE** is a personal computer made by Apple Computer from March 1987 to October 1990. It was the fourth model in the Macintosh line and improved the design of the earlier Macintosh Plus. It came out at the same time as the Macintosh II.

The SE looked like older compact Macs, but it was faster and had more features. Apple also released a better version in 1989 called the Macintosh SE/30. Later that year, they added a special floppy drive called the "SuperDrive" that could read high-density disks. That version was called the "Macintosh SE FDHD" and later "Macintosh SE SuperDrive".

The SE was replaced by the Macintosh Classic, which had a similar look but was cheaper.

## Overview 
Apple introduced the Macintosh SE at an event in Los Angeles on March 2, 1987. "SE" means "System Expansion".

New features compared to the Macintosh Plus:
* First compact Mac with space for a hard drive or a second floppy drive.
* First with a slot for upgrade cards.
* First Mac to support the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) for keyboard and mouse.
* Faster connection for external devices using SCSI.
* Built-in cooling fan for better reliability.
* 10–20% faster performance due to improved RAM access.
* Extra fonts and text spacing tools in the system ROM.
* Included the Disk First Aid tool.

Unlike earlier Macs, the SE didn’t come with a keyboard. Buyers could choose from the regular Apple Keyboard or the bigger Apple Extended Keyboard.

Apple also made ten clear (see-through) SEs as prototypes for photos and employees. These are very rare and valuable.

## Operating system 
The SE came with System 4.0 and Finder 5.4. These versions were made just for this computer. Later, they were named "System Software 2.0.1".

## References
## Other websites
* 1987 Apple promo video "Own-a-Mac - The Movie"
* The Mac SE Support Pages (Archived)
* Mac SE at Low End Mac
List of M18 roads

This is a list of roads named M18. Road entries are sorted in the countries alphabetical order.

* M-18 road (Bosnia and Herzegovina) a road connecting Sarajevo, Trnovo, Foča and Trebinje
* M18 motorway (Great Britain), a road connecting Rotherham and Goole in Yorkshire, England
* M18 motorway (Ireland), a road connecting junction 9 on the Shannon bypass in County Clare and Gort in County Galway
* M18 road (Malawi), a road in Malawi
* M-18 (Michigan highway), a road connecting US 10 near North Bradley and M-72 near Luzerne 
* M18 highway (Russia), a road connecting Saint Petersburg and Murmansk
* Highway M18 (Ukraine), a road connecting Yalta and Kharkiv
* M18 (East London), a Metropolitan Route in East London, South Africa
* M18 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa
* M18 (Johannesburg), a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa
* M18 (Pretoria), a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa
* M18 (Port Elizabeth), a Metropolitan Route in Port Elizabeth, South Africa
*M18 road (Zambia), a road in Zambia

## Related pages
* List of highways numbered 18
Afghanistan–Pakistan clashes (2024–present)

The 2024 Afghanistan–Pakistan clashes are a series of ongoing fights involving airstrikes and gunfire between the two countries. Armed groups like the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and the Pakistani Taliban are also involved. Fighting has happened in many places along the border, such as North and South Waziristan, Wana, Dera Ismail Khan, Shangla, Khost, and Paktika. Later attacks also happened in Turbat and Gwadar, in Balochistan province, carried out by the BLA. These attacks targeted projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and Pakistani military bases that host U.S. aircraft, putting Chinese and American interests at risk. After things calmed down in March 2024, the conflict flared up again in December 2024 when Pakistan launched airstrikes in Afghanistan's Paktika Province. 

The fighting in December marked the third time in less than two years that Pakistan carried out airstrikes inside Afghanistan. The first set of airstrikes happened in 2022, the second took place in March 2024, and the most recent round occurred in December 2024.

## Related pages
*Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflicts

## References
Balochistan Liberation Army

The **Balochistan Liberation Army** (; also known as the **Baloch Liberation Army**, abbreviated **BLA**) is a militant group made up of Baloch nationalists. It is based in southern Afghanistan and often attacks areas in Pakistan's Balochistan province. The group wants Balochistan to break away from Pakistan. It attacks the Pakistani army, regular people, and foreigners. 

BLA's first recorded activity was in mid-2000, when it claimed credit for a series of bombings against Pakistani authorities. BLA is listed as a terrorist organization by Pakistan, China, Iran, the United States, and the European Union.

## References
Ivy Mike

**Ivy Mike** was the first nuclear test of a hydrogen bomb. It was part of Operation Ivy and took place on November 1, 1952, at Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands. The bomb, named **Mike**, was an 82-ton experimental weapon that used a nuclear fission explosion to trigger fusion in liquid deuterium. Although it was not a easy deliverable bomb, Mike produced the first large-scale thermonuclear explosion, vaporizing Elugelab Island and leaving a crater 6,300 feet wide and 160 feet deep. 

## Detonation and effects 
Ivy Mike was detonated at 7:15 a.m. local time on November 1, 1952, from a control ship 30 metres away. The blast had a yield of about 10.4 million tons of trinitrotoluene, almost 750 times the yield of Little Boy, the nuclear bomb that destroyed Hiroshima. It vaporized Elugelab Island in the Eniwetok Atoll and left a crater 6,300 feet wide and 160 feet deep. Elugelab can no longer be found on a map, just a hole where it once was. The fireball reached about 3.25 metres in diameter, and the mushroom cloud grew to about 100 metres wide at its largest point. The rising fireball produced a spectacle of "nuclear lightning" caused by the blast's Electromagnetic Pulse. Pilots who flew near the mushroom cloud saw their radiation meters spin like a watch’s second hand. Some birds were found dead, others survived but had singed feathers and could not fly, and many were burned in midair. Fish washed up on Engebi Island, three miles away, showed one-sided burns.

## References
Kailasha

with his family at Kailasha]]
**Kailasha**, also called **Kailasa**, is the heavenly home of the Hindu god Shiva. It is believed to be a mountain where Shiva lives with his wife Parvati and their children, Ganesha and Kartikeya. Mount Kailash, a real mountain in western Tibet, is thought to be the earthly version of this sacred place.

## Etymology 
The name is given as "'**" (; var. **' ) in Sanskrit. It could have been derived from the word "''''" (), which means "crystal".

## Theology and mythology 
Kailasha is said to be protected by Shiva's followers, called *ganas*, who are led by Nandi, the bull who also serves as Shiva's mount. According to Hindu texts called the Puranas, Shiva and Parvati often sit in Kailasha and talk about deep Hindu ideas and philosophies. Other gods and divine beings are also said to gather there to watch Shiva perform a cosmic dance as Nataraja, the Lord of Dance.

## Geographical location 
 located in the Transhimalaya is often considered to be a geographic manifestation of Kailasha]]
Mount Kailasha located in the Kailasha Range (Gangdisê Mountains) of the Transhimalaya, in the western part of the Tibetan Plateau is considered to be a geographic manifestation of Kailasha and is considered sacred in Hinduism. Multiple rivers originate from these mountains including the Yarlung Tsangpo (which becomes the Brahmaputra), the Indus, the Sutlej and the Karnali, a tributary of Ganges. All these river systems originate in a  area in the Kailasha region. Kailasha is located close to Manasarovar and Rakshastal lakes. Mansarovar is a high altitude fresh water lake fed by glaciers and overflows into Rakshastal, an endorheic salt water lake.

## References
Metrobank Center

The **Metrobank Center**  is a 66-floor building in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Philippines. In 2017, it replaced the PBCom Tower as the tallest completed building in Metro Manila and in the Philippines. It is a mixed-use building.

## Related pages
* List of tallest buildings in the world
* List of tallest structures in the world

## References
M23 campaign (2022–present)

The M23 campaign is a series of military attacks by the March 23 Movement (M23), a rebel group supported by Rwanda, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It started in March 2022. In November 2021, M23 began attacking the Congolese army (FARDC) and UN peacekeepers (MONUSCO), taking over military bases in Ndiza, Cyanzu, and Runyoni in North Kivu Province. At the same time, Uganda sent its army (UPDF) to the area to fight the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a Ugandan rebel group active in North Kivu and Ituri provinces.

The fighting got worse between March and June 2022, when M23 took control of important places in Rutshuru Territory, including the key border town of Bunagana. This made Congolese soldiers run into Uganda. Uganda said that Rwanda planned the attacks to weaken Uganda’s fight against the ADF. Rwanda, however, said Uganda was using M23 fighters to threaten Rwanda’s safety. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) said Rwanda was giving weapons to M23 and helping restart the rebellion. A United Nations report supported the DRC’s claim. Rwanda and M23 said the DRC was working with the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) and said their attacks were meant to protect the Banyamulenge people from FDLR attacks. A UN report also said Rwanda had already sent troops into Congo before the DRC and FDLR started working together. Experts said M23's comeback was more about money and business than about ethnic or security reasons.

Beginning in January 2025, M23 began making major advances towards Goma and Bukavu, the provincial capitals of North Kivu and South Kivu, with alleged Rwandan backing, intensifying growing tensions between the two nations. By 30 January, M23 had captured all of Goma and began an advance towards Bukavu, capturing the town by 16 February. Following the capture of Goma, M23 announced their intentions to march on Kinshasa.

## Related pages
*List of ongoing armed conflicts
*2025 Goma offensive
## Notes 
## References
Wilhelm, German Crown Prince

**Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, Crown Prince of Prussia** (; 6 May 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the eldest child of the Wilhelm II, the last German Emperor and Empress Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. As heir, he was the last crown prince of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, until the abolition of the monarchy.

Wilhelm became crown prince at the age of six in 1888, when his grandfather Frederick III died and his father became emperor. He was crown prince for 30 years until the German Revolution. During World War I, he commanded the 5th Army from 1914 to 1916 and was commander of the Army Group German Crown Prince for the remainder of the war. After his return to Germany in 1923, he fought the Weimar Republic and campaigned for the reintroduction of the monarchy in Germany. 

After his plans to become president had been blocked by his father, Wilhelm supported Adolf Hitler's rise to power, but when Wilhelm realised that Hitler had no intention of restoring the monarchy, their relationship cooled. Wilhelm became head of the House of Hohenzollern in June 1941 following the death of his father and held the position until his own death in July 1951.

## Honours 
; German honours

; Foreign honours

; Foreign military appointments

* During a visit to Russia in January 1903 he was appointed Honorary Colonel of the Little Russian Dragoon Regiment No. 40.

## Notes
## References
Oxygenate

An **oxygenate** is a type of chemical added to liquid fuels like gasoline. They contain oxygen, and help make the fuel burn completely. This reduces soot and smog produced by incomplete combustion. Most oxygenates are alcohols or ethers. Gasoline with added oxygenates is sometimes called **reformulated gasoline** or **oxygenated gasoline**.

Important oxygenates include ethanol and ethyl *tert*-butyl ether.

## References
Champapuri

**Champapuri**, **Champa Nagri** or **Champanagar** is a neighbourhood in Bhagalpur in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the site of the ancient city of Champa, the capital of the Anga Mahajanapada. It is also the main centre of capital of cultural region of  Anga.
Mizo language

Mizo is a language from the Tibeto-Burman family. It is mostly spoken in the Indian state of Mizoram, where it is both the official language and the most commonly used one. The Mizo people speak this language as their mother tongue, and even those from Mizo communities living outside Mizoram also use it.

Besides Mizoram, Mizo is also spoken in other parts of India like Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, and Assam. Outside India, people speak Mizo in the Sagaing Region and Chin State of Myanmar, and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. 

The language is mainly based on the Lusei dialect, but it also includes words from other Mizo clans such as Hmar, Pawi, and others. This gives the language a mix of vocabulary from different Mizo groups.

The language is also known as **Duhlian** and **Lushai**, a colonial term, as the Duhlian people were the first among the Mizo people to be encountered by the British in the course of their colonial expansion.

## References
ShareChat

**ShareChat** (शेयरचैट) is a social media platform from India. It is owned by a company called Mohalla Tech, which is based in Bangalore. ShareChat was started by Ankush Sachdeva, Bhanu Pratap Singh, and Farid Ahsan, and the company was officially formed on 8 January 2015. 

ShareChat is popular because it lets people use the app in 15 different Indian languages, making it easy for many users across the country to connect. Today, it has more than 350 million people using it every month. The company is now valued at $5 billion.

## References
Koo

**Koo** was an Indian microblogging and social media platform, similar to Twitter. It was owned by a company called Bombinate Technologies, based in Bangalore. The app was co-founded by two Indian entrepreneurs, Aprameya Radhakrishna and Mayank Bidawatka.

Koo was launched in early 2020 and quickly gained attention. It became more popular after winning the Indian government's Atmanirbhar App Innovation Challenge, a contest that picked the best apps from about 7,000 entries across India. The app was part of efforts to promote local, made-in-India digital platforms. 

As of November 2022, the company was valued at over $275 million. Investors in Bombinate Technologies include Tiger Global Management, Blume Ventures, Kalaari Capital and Accel, and former Infosys CFO TV Mohandas Pai's 3one4 Capital.

## References
Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia

**Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia** (;  – 22 October 1920) was Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1893 to 1900 as the wife of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Emperor Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna. She was also the younger sister of Emperor Alexander III and the paternal aunt of Tsar Nicholas II, the last Emperor of Russia.

In 1874, Maria married Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, becoming the only Romanov to marry into the British royal family. They five children together named Alfred, Marie, Victoria, Alexandra, and Beatrice. For the first years of her marriage, Maria lived in England with her husband and did not adapt to the British court. As Duchess of Edinburgh, she travelled extensively through Europe. She visited her family in Russia frequently and stayed for long periods in England and Germany attending social and family events.

In August 1893, Maria became Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha when her husband inherited the duchy on the death of his uncle, Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She enjoyed life in Germany, where she became active in charitable work. Her husband died in 1900 and was succeeded as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by his nephew Charles Edward.

In her widowhood, Maria continued to live in Coburg. During the outbreak of World War I, she sided with Germany against her native Russia. Many of her relatives, including her brother Paul and her nephew Nicholas II, were killed during the Russian Revolution. After World War I, the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha collapased in November 1918. Maria later died in 1920 while living in exile in Switzerland.

## Honours 
* : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Catherine, *17 October 1853*
* :
** Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, 1st Class
** Companion of the Order of the Crown of India, *1 January 1878*
** Lady of Justice of the Order of Saint John
* : Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Class
**  Hesse and by Rhine: Dame of the Order of the Golden Lion, *1 May 1896*
* : Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa, *20 May 1888*
* : Dame of the Order of Saint Isabel, *28 February 1894*

## References
Go First

**Go First**, founded as **GoAir**, was an Indian low-cost airline based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Owned by the Indian business conglomerate Wadia Group, it commenced operations on 4 November 2005 and operated a fleet of Airbus A320 aircraft in an all-economy configuration.

In 2021, the airline had planned to raise ₹36 billion (around US$470 million) by launching an Initial Public Offering (IPO). However, in 2023, the airline ran into major problems because of issues with the availability of Pratt & Whitney engines, which powered all of its A320 aircraft. These engine problems made it hard for the airline to run its flights properly.

As a result, the airline stopped all operations on 3 May 2023. It then filed for voluntary insolvency with the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), which is the authority in India that deals with cases related to companies that are unable to pay their debts.

## References
The Wire (India)

***The Wire*** is an Indian nonprofit news and opinion website. It was founded in 2015 by Siddharth Varadarajan, Sidharth Bhatia, and M.&nbsp;K. Venu. It is one of the independent news outlets in India, not controlled by the government. Over the years, it has faced several defamation lawsuits, often filed by businessmen and politicians in response to its reporting.

## History 
The Wire was founded on 11 May 2015. It was started by Siddharth Varadarajan, Sidharth Bhatia, and M. K. Venu. Later it became part of the Foundation for Independent Journalism. The Independent and Public Spirited Media Foundation also gave money to the project.

## References
Bhakti

***Bhakti*** (; Pali: *bhatti*) means love, devotion, trust, or worship. It is a word used in many Indian religions to describe a strong emotional connection or devotion to something sacred. In these religions, Bhakti can mean loving devotion to a personal god, such as Krishna, Shiva, or Devi. It can also refer to devotion to a formless spiritual reality, like Nirguna Brahman in Hinduism or the concept of God in Sikhism. In some cases, Bhakti is shown toward enlightened beings, such as a Buddha, a bodhisattva, or a guru. Bhakti is usually full of emotion and feeling, and it often reflects a close and personal relationship between the devotee (the person showing devotion) and the divine or sacred figure they love and worship.

One of the earliest appearances of the term is found in the early Buddhist *Theragatha* (*Verses of the Elders*). In ancient texts such as the *Shvetashvatara Upanishad*, the term simply means participation, devotion and love for any endeavor, while in the *Bhagavad Gita*, it connotes one of the possible paths of spirituality and towards moksha, as in *bhakti marga*.

The idea of Bhakti, or loving devotion to God, has deeply influenced Indian culture and religion. Many popular religious texts and saint-poets were inspired by Bhakti. One famous example is the Bhagavata Purana, a text focused on Lord Krishna, which is closely connected to the Bhakti movement in Hinduism.

Bhakti is not limited to Hinduism. It also appears in other religions practiced in India, such as Sikhism, where a form called Nirguni Bhakti is common. This type of devotion is directed toward a God without any form or physical qualities. Bhakti has even influenced how Christianity and Hinduism have interacted in modern times.

Outside of India, emotional devotion similar to Bhakti is seen in some Buddhist traditions in Southeast Asia and East Asia, showing how powerful and widespread this spiritual idea has become.

The term also refers to a movement, pioneered by the Tamil Alvars and Nayanars, that developed around the gods Vishnu (Vaishnavism), Shiva (Shaivism) and Devi (Shaktism) in the second half of the 1st millennium CE.

Devotional elements similar to bhakti have been part of various world religions throughout human history. Devotional practices are found in Christianity, Buddhism and Judaism.

## References
Diborane

of diborane. Pink balls are boron and white balls are hydrogen.]]

**Diborane** is a chemical compound made from boron and hydrogen. It has the chemical formula . It has an unusual chemical structure that led to the discovery of three-center two-electron bonds by Christopher Longuet-Higgins. This theory was expanded by William Lipscomb, who used it to improve theories of chemical bonds in general, eventually winning the 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

## References
A. K. Antony

**Arackaparambil Kurien Antony** (born 28 December 1940) is an Indian lawyer, attorney and statesman who served as the Minister of Defence of India from 2006 to 2014, making him the longest serving Defence Minister in India. He previously served as the 6th Chief Minister of Kerala from 1977 to 1978, 1995 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2004. He currently serves as the Chairman of the Disciplinary Action Committee of the All India Congress Committee, Congress Working Committee, and member of the Congress Core Group and Central Election Committee.

He has served as the Chief Minister of Kerala three times and still holds the record for being the youngest person to become Chief Minister, taking office at the age of 36. From 1996 to 2001, he was the Leader of the Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly. Earlier, between 1993 and 1995, he was the Minister for Civil Supplies, and during 1994 to 1995, he also worked as the Treasurer of the All India Congress Committee.

He was a Member of the Rajya Sabha from 1985 to 1995 and again from 2005 to 2022. He was also elected five times to the Kerala Legislative Assembly. He represented the Cherthala constituency in 1970, 1996, and 2001, Kazhakootam in 1977, and Tirurangadi in 1995.

## References
Aufheben

***Aufheben*** is the twelfth studio album by The Brian Jonestown Massacre. The album was released on May 1, 2012.

## Track listing
# "Panic in Babylon" – 4:39
# "Viholliseni Maalla" – 4:37
# "Gaz Hilarant" – 2:41
# "Illuminomi" – 3:49
# "I Want to Hold Your Other Hand" – 4:29
# "Face Down on the Moon" – 5:08
# "The Clouds Are Lies" – 3:21
# "Stairway to the Best Party in the Universe" – 4:21
# "Seven Kinds of Wonderful" – 5:21
# "Waking Up to Hand Grenades" – 5:34
# "Blue Order / New Monday" – 7:09

## References
Deaconess

, first deaconess of the Church of England]]
A **deaconess** is a woman who performs certain functions in the Church. Certain Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Ortohdox Churches have created this role. Unlike men, deaconesses are not ordained. They see their role in pastoral care, and ofteen they also have a limited role during the liturgy. So far, the Roman Catholic Church does not have this role for women, but therehave been discussons in the past, if it should be created.
Domus Sanctae Marthae

The **Domus Sanctae Marthae** (Latin for '''Saint Martha's House'''; ) is a building adjacent to St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. In 2013, Pope Francis chose it as his residence instead of using the usual papal apartment in the Vatican Apostolic Palace.

## History
The Domus Sanctae Marthae was originally a care facility for the sick, established by Pope Leo XIII in 1881 during a cholera outbreak in Rome. Later, during World War II, Pope Pius XII used it as a refuge for Jews and diplomats. 

In 1996, Pope John Paul II designated it as a residence for cardinals during the conclave, along with the Sistine Chapel.
## References 
## Other websites
Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

**Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia** (; 25 November 1876 – 2 March 1936) was the third child and second daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. She was a granddaughter of both Queen Victoria and Emperor Alexander II.

Born a British princess, Victoria spent her childhood in England and lived in Malta for three years, where her father served in the Royal Navy. When Victoria became a teenager, she fell in love with her maternal first cousin Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia, but his Orthodox Christian faith discouraged marriage between first cousins. 

Due to family pressure, Victoria married her paternal first cousin Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, in 1894. The marriage failed and she caused a scandal among the royal families of Europe when she divorced her husband in 1901. They had one child together named Princess Elisabeth, who died of typhoid fever in 1903.

Victoria married Kirill in 1905, without the formal approval of King Edward VII and in defiance of Tsar Nicholas II. They had two daughters together named Maria and Kira, and relocated in Paris before being allowed to visit Russia in 1909. In 1910, they moved to Russia, where Nicholas formally recognized Victoria as *Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna*. 

After the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1917, they escaped to Finland where Victoria where would give birth to her only son Vladimir in August 1917. In exile they lived with her relatives in Germany, and from the late 1920s on an estate they bought in Saint-Briac in Brittany. Victoria died in 1936 after suffering a stroke while visiting her daughter Maria in Amorbach.

## Honours 
* :
** **CI**: Companion of the Imperial Order of the Crown of India, *11 December 1893*
** **VA**: Dame of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, 1st Class
** **GCStJ**: Dame Grand Cross of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
** **RRC**: Member of the Royal Red Cross
* :
** Dame of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of the Golden Lion, in Brilliants, *19 April 1894*
** Dame Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Ludwig, in Brilliants, *25 November 1898*
* : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Romania
* :
** Dame Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Saint Catherine, *November 1894*
** Decoration of the Military Order of Saint George
* : Dame of the Royal Order of Noble Ladies of Queen Maria Luisa, *31 October 1913*

### British arms 
As a male-line grandchild of the British monarch, Victoria Melita bore the royal arms, with an inescutcheon for Saxony, the whole differenced by a label of five points argent, the outer pair bearing hearts gules, the inner pair anchors azure, and the central point a cross gules. In 1917, the inescutcheon was dropped by royal warrant. Her arms from that point on are duplicated in the arms of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy.

## References
Yacht racing

**Yacht racing** is a sport where sailboats, called yachts, race against each other. These boats use wind to move and do not have engines. Races can happen near the shore or across long distances in the ocean.

## Rules 
In yacht racing, boats compete to finish a course as fast as possible. The course is marked by buoys or other signs. Some races are short and happen near the coast. Others are long and go across the sea or ocean. Races can be just one event or a series of races. 

Boats come in different sizes and speeds. To make races fair, a system called a "handicap" is used. This system adjusts the finish times based on the boat's design. This way, slower boats can still compete fairly with faster ones.

Yacht races follow the Racing Rules of Sailing. These rules help keep races safe and fair. They are updated every four years by World Sailing.

## Types of races 
* **Inshore** **races**: these happen close to land. An example is the America's Cup, which started in 1851.
* **Offshore** **races**: these are longer and go out to sea. The Sydney to Hobart Race in Australia is one of them.

* **Around-the-world races**: these are very long and circle the globe. The Ocean Race is an example.

## References
Racing Rules of Sailing

**Racing Rules of Sailing** (often called **RRS**) are rules for sailing races. They are used in many kinds of races, such as yacht racing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, model boats, and dinghy racing. These rules are for races with more than one boat using wind power.

World Sailing, the group that manages sailing worldwide, updates the rules every four years after the Olympic Games.

## Main rules 
There are 15 main rules about how boats must act when they meet on the water.

### Four main rules 
# A boat on port tack must stay out of the way of a boat on starboard tack.
# If boats are next to each other on the same tack, the boat closer to the wind must stay clear.
# If boats are on the same tack but not side by side, the boat behind must stay clear.
# A boat that is turning (tacking) must stay out of the way of boats not turning.

### Extra limits 
# Even if you have the right of way, you must try to avoid a crash.
# If you gain right of way, you must give the other boat time to move.
# If you change direction, you must let the other boat keep clear.
# If you are passing to leeward, you must not sail higher than your proper course.

### Other rules 
There are also rules about marks and obstacles, starting mistakes, taking penalties, sailing backwards, and capsizing.

## References
Windward and leeward

**Windward and leeward** are words that show direction in relation to the wind. Windward means the direction the wind is coming from. Leeward means the direction the wind is going to. 

On a ship, the side facing away from the wind is called the lee side. Mountains also have windward and leeward sides. The windward side of a mountain gets more rain because the wind brings moist air. The leeward side is usually drier.

## Usage 
Windward and leeward are important for sailing, wind-surfing, gliding, and parachuting. People also use *upwind* and *downwind*, which mean the same thing.

### In sailing 
In sailing, the windward boat is more flexible. Because of this, sailing rules say the windward boat must give way to the leeward boat when they are going the same direction.

### In naval battles 
In old naval battles, ships tried to stay on the windward side. This gave them more control. Square-rigged ships could not sail well upwind, so they wanted the windward position. When cannons were used, this was even more important. A ship on the leeward side tilted more, making it easier to hit.

### In geography 
People also use windward and leeward when talking about islands. The windward side of an island faces the wind and gets more rain. The leeward side is sheltered and usually drier. In a group of islands (archipelago), the windward islands are the ones facing the wind. The leeward islands are behind them, away from the wind.

## References
Rebel Heart (IVE Song)

"**Rebel Heart**" is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Ive for their third Korean extended play *Ive Empathy*. It was released as the EP's first single on January 13, 2025, by Starship Entertainment.

## Background and release 
On December 24, 2024, Starship Entertainment announced that Ive would be releasing their third Korean extended play titled *Ive Empathy* on February 3, 2025. It was also announced that "Rebel Heart" would be pre-released on January 13, 2025. On January 5, 2025, the concept trailer was released, followed by the concept film four days later. On January 12, the music video teaser was released. The song was released alongside its music video on January 13.

## References
List of M2 roads

This is a list of roads named **M2**:

## Europe 
* M2 motorway (Great Britain), a motorway in England
* M2 expressway (Hungary), a motorway in Hungary
* N2 road (Ireland)#M2 motorway, a motorway in the Republic of Ireland
* M-2 highway (Montenegro), a motorway in Montenegro
* M2 motorway (Northern Ireland), a motorway in Northern Ireland
* Highway M02 (Ukraine)

## Asia
* M2 motorway (Pakistan), a motorway in Pakistan
* M2 highway (Russia), a motorway in Russia

## Africa
* M2 (Johannesburg), a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa
* M2 (Pretoria), a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa
* M2 road (Zambia), a road in Zambia
* M2 road (Malawi), a road in Malawi

## Related pages
* List of highways numbered 2

## Australia 
### New South Wales 
* M2 Hills Motorway, a motorway in Sydney, Australia (part of the M2 route)
* Lane Cove Tunnel, a tunnel in Sydney
* M2 (Sydney), a motorway route in Sydney, Australia

### Queensland 
* Ipswich Motorway and Logan Motorways in Brisbane, Australia

### South Australia 
* Northern Expressway, in Adelaide, Australia
* Southern Expressway, in Adelaide, Australia

### Victoria 
* Tullamarine Freeway in Melbourne, Australia
* CityLink Tollway in Melbourne, Australia

## Related pages
*List of highways numbered 2