July 19

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 64 &ndash; The Great Fire of Rome starts.
* 484 &ndash; Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern Emperor at Tarsus in modern-day Turkey.
* 711 &ndash; Ummayad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete – Ummayad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
* 1333 &ndash; Wars of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Halidon Hill ends in an English victory.
* 1545 &ndash; The Tudor battleship *Mary Rose* sinks.
* 1553 &ndash; In England, Lady Jane Grey is replaced as queen by Mary I of England, having been queen for only a few days.
* 1572 &ndash; Wanli Emperor takes control in China, becoming the 13th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
* 1588 &ndash; Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines – The Spanish Armada is seen in the English Channel.
* 1692 &ndash; In the Salem Witch Trials, five women are hanged for witchcraft.
* 1701 &ndash; Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
* 1702 &ndash; Great Northern War: A larger Polish–Saxon Army of Augustus III the Strong, operating from a better defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish Army half its size under the command of Charles XII of Sweden, in the Battle of Klissow.
* 1821 &ndash; George IV of the United Kingdom is crowned king.
* 1832 &ndash; The British Medical Association is founded by Charles Hastings.
* 1843 &ndash; Isambard Kingdom Brunel's steamship, the SS *Great Britain* is launched.
* 1848 &ndash; A Women's rights convention begins in Seneca Falls, New York.
* 1864 &ndash; Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking – Qing Dynasty defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
* 1870 &ndash; Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
* 1900 &ndash; The first line of the Paris Metro opens.

### From 1901 
* 1903 &ndash; Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.
* 1908 &ndash; The Dutch football club Feyenoord of Rotterdam is founded.
* 1912 &ndash; A meteorite estimated to weigh 190 kilograms explodes over Holbrook, Arizona, causing around 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the village.
* 1916 &ndash; World War I: Battle of Fromelles – British and Australian troops attack German trenches.
* 1920 &ndash; Antonio Joaquim Granjo becomes Prime Minister of Portugal.
* 1936 &ndash; The Sieges of Oviedo and Gijon begin shortly after the start of the Spanish Civil War.
* 1941 &ndash; British Prime Minister Winston Churchill launches the V for Victory campaign.
* 1943 &ndash; World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft.
* 1947 &ndash; Several leading Burmese politicians, including Bogyoko Aung San, are executed by Galon U Saw.
* 1950 &ndash; West Germany and the Saarland join the European Council.
* 1952 &ndash; The Summer Olympics in Helsinki begin.
* 1961 &ndash; Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte.
* 1965 &ndash; The Mont Blanc road tunnel is opened.
* 1971 &ndash; The South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City opens.
* 1976 &ndash; The Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
* 1979 &ndash; The Sandinistas take official control of the government in Nicaragua.
* 1979 &ndash; Two oil tankers collide near Trinidad and Tobago, causing an oil spill, and killing 29 seamen in the fire resulting from the collision.
* 1980 &ndash; The Summer Olympics in Moscow begin. Some Western countries, including the United States and West Germany, boycott the event.
* 1981 &ndash; French President Francois Mitterrand privately reveals to US President Ronald Reagan documents showing the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development.
* 1985 &ndash; The Val di Stava dam collapses in Italy, killing 268 people.
* 1987 &ndash; In Portugal, the Social Democrats under Anibal Cavaco Silva become the first political party during the Third Republic to form an overall majority in parliament.
* 1989 &ndash; A United Airlines airplane crashes in Sioux City, Iowa, and bursts into flames, killing 112 out of the 296 people on board.
* 1992 &ndash; Anti–Mafia judge Paolo Borsellino and two police officers are killed by a car–bomb attack in Palermo, Sicily.
* 1996 &ndash; Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is forced out of office. Wanted on war crimes charges, he goes into hiding until his arrest in 2008.
* 1996 &ndash; The 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta begin, with Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame.
* 1997 &ndash; The Provisional IRA resumes a ceasefire during the Northern Ireland Troubles.
* 2002 &ndash; In Scotland, the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park is created.
* 2003 &ndash; The first successful tongue transplant is carried out in Vienna.
* 2007 &ndash; Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman to be chosen to become President of India.
* 2018 &ndash; Israel's Knesset passes a law defining the country as a Jewish Nation State.
* 2018 &ndash; A duck boat capsizes on Table Rock Lake in Southwestern Missouri, United States, killing 17 people (out of 31 on board), including 9 from the same family. 
* 2019 &ndash; Iran seizes two British oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1670 &ndash; Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
* 1688 &ndash; Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
* 1698 &ndash; Johann Jakob Bodmer, Swiss writer and poet (d. 1783)
* 1739 &ndash; Joseph Stanton, Jr., American politician (d. 1807)
* 1744 &ndash; Heinrich Christian Boie, German poet (d. 1806)
* 1759 &ndash; Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
* 1764 &ndash; Juan José Castelli, Argentine politician (d. 1812)
* 1789 &ndash; John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
* 1800 &ndash; Juan José Flores, first President of Ecuador (d. 1864)
* 1806 &ndash; Alexander Dallas Bache, American physicist (d. 1867)
* 1814 &ndash; Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
* 1819 &ndash; Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
* 1822 &ndash; Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916)
* 1827 &ndash; Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (d. 1857)
* 1834 &ndash; Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
* 1840 &ndash; José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (d. 1891)
* 1842 &ndash; Frederick T. Greenhalge, English-American lawyer and politician, 38th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1896)
* 1848 &ndash; Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil (d. 1850)
* 1860 &ndash; Lizzie Borden, American accused murderess (d. 1927)
* 1863 &ndash; Hermann Bahr, Austrian writer and dramatist (d. 1934)
* 1865 &ndash; Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
* 1876 &ndash; Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
* 1876 &ndash; Ignaz Seipel, Austrian politician (d. 1952)
* 1877 &ndash; Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
* 1881 &ndash; Friedrich Dessauer, German philosopher and physicist (d. 1963)
* 1883 &ndash; Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and movie producer (d. 1972)
* 1884 &ndash; Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1954)
* 1886 &ndash; Michael Fekete, Hungarian–Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
* 1890 &ndash; King George II of Greece (d. 1947)
* 1892 &ndash; Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
* 1893 &ndash; Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
* 1894 &ndash; Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
* 1894 &ndash; Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
* 1895 &ndash; Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
* 1896 &ndash; A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
* 1898 &ndash; Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1904 &ndash; Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer (d. 1985)
* 1914 &ndash; Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
* 1917 &ndash; William Scranton, American politician and diplomat, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2013)
* 1920 &ndash; Robert Mann, American violinist, composer and conductor (d. 2018)
* 1920 &ndash; Aldo Protti, Italian opera singer (d. 1995)
* 1921 &ndash; André Moynet, French fighter pilot, businessman, politician and racing driver (d. 1993)
* 1921 &ndash; Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2011)
* 1921 &ndash; Harold Camping, American evangelist and religious broadcaster, predicted the rapture (d. 2013)
* 1922 &ndash; Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan, 10th Yang di–Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia (d. 2008)
* 1922 &ndash; George McGovern, American politician (d. 2012)
* 1923 &ndash; Lon Simmons, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
* 1923 &ndash; Joseph Hansen, American writer (d. 2004)
* 1923 &ndash; Alex Hannum, American basketball player (d. 2002)
* 1924 &ndash; Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
* 1924 &ndash; Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
* 1924 &ndash; Arthur Rankin, Jr., American director, producer and writer (d. 2014)
* 1925 &ndash; Otto Arosemena, President of Ecuador (d. 1984)
* 1926 &ndash; Helen Gallagher, American actress, Ryan's Hope
* 1928 &ndash; Bobby Davidson, Scottish football referee (d. 1993)
* 1929 &ndash; Martin Grüner, German politician (d. 2018)
* 1932 &ndash; Erró, Icelandic artist
* 1934 &ndash; Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
* 1935 &ndash; Vasily Livanov, Russian movie actor and screenwriter
* 1935 &ndash; Nick Koback, American baseball player (d. 2015)
* 1935 &ndash; Gerd Albrecht, German conductor (d. 2014)
* 1937 &ndash; George Hamilton IV, American country music singer (d. 2014)
* 1938 &ndash; Vakhtang Kikabidze, Georgian movie actor, director and singer
* 1938 &ndash; Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
* 1941 &ndash; Vikki Carr, American singer
* 1943 &ndash; Thomas J. Sargent, American economist
* 1945 &ndash; George Dzundza, American actor
* 1945 &ndash; Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director and screenwriter
* 1945 &ndash; Richard Henderson, Scottish molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for Chemistry laureate
* 1946 &ndash; Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
* 1946 &ndash; Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
* 1947 &ndash; Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles)
* 1947 &ndash; Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
* 1947 &ndash; Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
* 1948 &ndash; Atilio Ancheta, Uruguayan footballer
* 1948 &ndash; Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
* 1949 &ndash; Kgalema Motlanthe, former President of South Africa
* 1950 &ndash; Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
* 1950 &ndash; Freddy Moore, American songwriter

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1952 &ndash; Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
* 1952 &ndash; Robert A. Ficano, County Executive for Wayne County, Michigan (Detroit and environs)
* 1954 &ndash; Alvan Adams, American basketball player
* 1954 &ndash; Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist
* 1955 &ndash; Dalton McGuinty, Canadian politician, 24th Premier of Ontario
* 1956 &ndash; Nikki Sudden, American musician (d. 2006)
* 1958 &ndash; Peter Houston, Scottish footballer and coach
* 1958 &ndash; Kazushi Kimura, Japanese footballer
* 1958 &ndash; Reuben Kane, American professional wrestler
* 1958 &ndash; Angharad Tomos, Welsh author and language activist
* 1959 &ndash; Juan José Campanella, Argentine director
* 1960 &ndash; Atom Egoyan, Canadian movie maker
* 1960 &ndash; Steve Viksten, American television writer and voice actor
* 1961 &ndash; Campbell Scott, American actor and director
* 1961 &ndash; Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
* 1961 &ndash; Niall Mackenzie, Scottish motorcycle road racer
* 1961 &ndash; Benoît Mariage, Belgian movie director
* 1961 &ndash; Hideo Nakata, Japanese movie director
* 1961 &ndash; Lisa Lampanelli, American comedienne
* 1962 &ndash; Anthony Edwards, American actor
* 1964 &ndash; Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, lyricist and actor
* 1965 &ndash; Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
* 1965 &ndash; Hailemariam Desalegn, Prime Minister of Ethiopia
* 1965 &ndash; Stuart Scott, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
* 1966 &ndash; Nancy Carell, American actress
* 1968 &ndash; Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer
* 1968 &ndash; Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head)
* 1969 &ndash; Gabrielle, English singer
* 1970 &ndash; Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish politician, 5th First Minister of Scotland
* 1971 &ndash; Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
* 1971 &ndash; Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician, Mayor of Kyiv
* 1971 &ndash; Naoki Soma, Japanese footballer
* 1971 &ndash; Russell Allen, American singer
* 1971 &ndash; Alan Marriott, Canadian voice actor
* 1972 &ndash; Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
* 1972 &ndash; David Lammy, English politician
* 1973 &ndash; Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth)
* 1973 &ndash; Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player
* 1974 &ndash; Preston Wilson, American baseball player

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Eric Prydz, Swedish DJ and producer
* 1976 &ndash; Benedict Cumberbatch, British actor
* 1976 &ndash; Vinessa Shaw, American actress
* 1976 &ndash; Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
* 1976 &ndash; Angela Griffin, English actress
* 1977 &ndash; Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler
* 1977 &ndash; Charles John Spencer, American professional wrestler
* 1978 &ndash; Chiara Zanni, Canadian actress
* 1979 &ndash; Luke Young, English footballer
* 1979 &ndash; Rick Ankiel, American baseball pitcher
* 1980 &ndash; Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
* 1980 &ndash; Michelle Heaton, English singer and model (Liberty X)
* 1980 &ndash; Mark Webber, American actor
* 1981 &ndash; Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause)
* 1981 &ndash; Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
* 1981 &ndash; Chris Spicuzza, American musician (Chimaira)
* 1982 &ndash; Jared Padalecki, American actor
* 1982 &ndash; Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Brooke Kinsella, English actress
* 1983 &ndash; Helen Skelton, English television presenter
* 1984 &ndash; Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
* 1984 &ndash; Adam Morrison, American basketball player
* 1985 &ndash; LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
* 1985 &ndash; Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (d. 2015)
* 1986 &ndash; Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Hugh Harris, English singer and guitarist (The Kooks)
* 1988 &ndash; Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor
* 1988 &ndash; Kevin Grosskreutz, German footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Aron Pálmarsson, Icelandic handball player
* 1990 &ndash; Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor
* 1995 &ndash; Maria Paseka, Russian gymnast
* 1996 &ndash; Oh Ha-young, South Korean singer
* 1998 &ndash; Erin Cuthbert, Scottish footballer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 514 &ndash; Pope Symmachus
* 806 &ndash; Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778)
* 931 &ndash; Uda of Japan (b. 867)
* 1374 &ndash; Francesco Petrarca, Italian poet (b. 1304)
* 1415 &ndash; Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359)
* 1543 &ndash; Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn (b. 1499)
* 1631 &ndash; Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
* 1682 &ndash; Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1640)
* 1692 &ndash; Sarah Good, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653)
* 1692 &ndash; Susannah Martin, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1621)
* 1742 &ndash; William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
* 1810 &ndash; Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
* 1814 &ndash; Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
* 1824 &ndash; Agustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (b. 1783)
* 1838 &ndash; Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
* 1838 &ndash; Christmas Evans, Welsh minister (b. 1766)
* 1850 &ndash; Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
* 1857 &ndash; Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1796)
* 1878 &ndash; Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (b. 1847)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1911 &ndash; Manuel Iradier, Spanish explorer (b. 1854)
* 1913 &ndash; Climaco Calderon, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
* 1925 &ndash; Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1840)
* 1943 &ndash; Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet flying ace (b. 1916)
* 1947 &ndash; Aung San, Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician (b. 1915)
* 1947 &ndash; U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
* 1947 &ndash; Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886)
* 1965 &ndash; Rhee Syng-man, President of South Korea (b. 1875)
* 1970 &ndash; Egon Eiermann, German architect and designer (b. 1904)
* 1974 &ndash; Erno Schwarz, Hungarian footballer (b. 1904)
* 1975 &ndash; Lefty Frizzell, American country musician and singer (b. 1928)
* 1977 &ndash; Karl Ristikivi, Estonian writer (b. 1912)
* 1980 &ndash; Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
* 1980 &ndash; Hans Morgenthau, German political philosopher (b. 1904)
* 1982 &ndash; Hugh Everett, American physicist (b. 1930)
* 1984 &ndash; Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
* 1989 &ndash; Kazimierz Sabbat, President of Poland (b. 1913)
* 1992 &ndash; Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (b. 1940)

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1908)
* 2004 &ndash; Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
* 2007 &ndash; Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
* 2009 &ndash; Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (b. 1930)
* 2009 &ndash; Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991)
* 2010 &ndash; David Warren, Australian inventor (b. 1925)
* 2012 &ndash; Omar Suleiman, Egyptian army general, intelligence officer and politician (b. 1936)
* 2012 &ndash; Hans Nowak, German footballer (b. 1937)
* 2013 &ndash; Bert Trautmann, German footballer (b. 1923)
* 2013 &ndash; Mel Smith, British comedian, actor, director and writer (b. 1952)
* 2013 &ndash; Simon Pimenta, Indian cardinal (b. 1920)
* 2014 &ndash; Lionel Ferbos, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1911)
* 2014 &ndash; John Fasano, American screenwriter, producer and director (b. 1961)
* 2014 &ndash; David Easton, Canadian political scientist (b. 1917)
* 2014 &ndash; Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (b. 1936)
* 2014 &ndash; Yehuda Nir, Polish-born psychiatrist (b. 1930)
* 2014 &ndash; Iring Fetscher, German political scientist (b. 1922)
* 2014 &ndash; Rubem Alves, Brazilian theologian and philosopher (b. 1933)
* 2014 &ndash; Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician (b. 1933)
* 2014 &ndash; Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (b. 1992)
* 2014 &ndash; James Garner, American actor (b. 1928)
* 2015 &ndash; Gennadiy Seleznyov, Russian politician (b. 1947)
* 2015 &ndash; Galina Prozumenshchikova, Russian swimmer (b. 1948)
* 2015 &ndash; Van Alexander, American jazz composer, arranger and bandleader (b. 1915)
* 2015 &ndash; Stellan Bojerud, Swedish politician (b. 1944)
* 2015 &ndash; Carmino Ravosa, Argentine composer (b. 1930)
* 2016 &ndash; Carlos Gorostiza, Argentine playwright, theatre director and novelist (b. 1920)
* 2016 &ndash; Garry Marshall, American director, actor, producer and writer (b. 1934)
* 2016 &ndash; Chief Zee, American football fan (Washington Redskins) (b. 1941)
* 2017 &ndash; Miguel Blesa, Spanish banker (b. 1947)
* 2017 &ndash; Jake Butcher, American banker and politician (b. 1936)
* 2017 &ndash; Blaoui Houari, Algerian singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
* 2017 &ndash; Ralph Regula, American politician (b. 1924)
* 2018 &ndash; Rayo de Jalisco Sr., Mexican professional wrestler and actor (b. 1932)
* 2018 &ndash; Jon Schnepp, American film director and animator (b. 1967)
* 2018 &ndash; Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (b. 1993)
* 2019 &ndash; Agnes Heller, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1929)
* 2019 &ndash; César Pelli, Argentine architect (b. 1926)
* 2019 &ndash; Yao Lee, Chinese singer (b. 1922)
* 2019 &ndash; John Elya, Lebanese-born religious figure (b. 1928)
* 2019 &ndash; Bert Rechichar, American football player (b. 1930)
* 2019 &ndash; Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor (b. 1944)
* 2019 &ndash; Don Mossi, American baseball player (b. 1929)

## Observances 
* Sandinista Day (Nicaragua)
* Martyrs' Day (Burma)
* Christopher Street Day