open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Busker Busker

**Busker Busker** () is a Korean indie band which got their popularity in *Superstar K*, one of the most famous audition programs in South Korea. The band is composed of three members now: Jang Bum-jun (guitarist and vocalist), Kim Hyung-tae (bassist), and Bradely Ray Moore (drummer). They won the second prize in *Superstar K* season 3, and then they officially released their own debut album on 29 March 2012.

## History 
The three members were in the same university; Jang and Kim were students of Animation Art and Brad was an English professor in Sang-myung University located in Cheonan. They named the band as Busker Busker because they performed on the street to the public in Cheonan. They went to Seoul in order to share their music talents with more people, especially in Hong-dae which is a favorite place for many indie musicians in Korea. As they got popular among people, they participated in *Superstar K* of M-net on April, 2011. Actually there were more members in the band but composition was somewhat unsettled. As the three of them could adjust their schedules and started to be aired on TV, Busker Busker has been fixed as trio band.

They could pass the preliminary stage as performing their own song "Ideal Type". In Super-week, they performed K-pop song "Coming-of-age ceremony" but they failed to pass the rival mission with 2-Month () singing "Juliet". However, one of the Top 10 band, Yeri-Band left the lodging without permission during training period. As there happened to be a vacancy in Top 10, Busker Busker was newly selected as one of the top 11, with Haze. As they sang several songs on the live stages including "Tokyo girl", "People in Seoul" and "Makgerlina", they got extremely popular and most of their songs were ranked highest in music charts. Although Ulala Session got the title of the competition, they kept their popularity after the Audition.

Busker Busker has released their first regular album, *Busker Busker 1st album*, on March 29th, 2012. The songs in the album, which were all written by their own, hit all kinds of K-pop chart including "Cherry Blossom Ending", "First Love", and "Yeosu Night Sea". The album sold over a million, and the next album *Busker Busker 1st Finale* has also been loved since it was released on June 21st. They ended their first promotional activities for the albums after finishing their first concert, *Youth Bus*, on June 22nd and 23rd.
Suspension of disbelief

**Suspension of disbelief** is the willingness for a person to accept fantasy as it is presented to them in any form of media.

## Reality and fantasy 
Reality is the world around us. Fantasy is a world that only is in our minds, or recorded in some way onto or into something that can be passed along from one form to another. Fantasy cannot exist as something real, something that we can touch or see as it is. 

An example of something from fantasy is the White Rabbit from Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland". Because of our experience, that is, how we have lived our lives, it has not been proven that it can possibly be real. The White Rabbit is an animal which stands on two legs (in some stories), wears human clothing, and acts and speaks like a human. For us as humans, a normal rabbit does not speak, nor does it act or speak like a human. Because of that, we think of the White Rabbit as fantasy, it only can be living in a not-real world.

Suspension of disbelief is a way to enjoy a story. If one were to completely disregard a story as false, the entertainment value, what makes us like a story, would be lost. On the other hand, if one accepts a story as real for as long as the story goes on, then a connection to living in reality can be made, however big or small.
Isaac Lawrence Milliken

**Isaac Lawrence Milliken** (August 29, 1815 &ndash; December 2, 1885) was an American politician who was mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1854 to 1855. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Milliken was born on August 29, 1815 in Saco, Maine. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Milliken died on December 2, 1885 in Chicago, Illinois from an illness, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
*Inaugural Address
Signs and symptoms

to listen for *signs* of a medical problem in the organs in a person's body, like the heart and lungs. If this person does not feel well because of a medical problem, he tells the doctor what he is feeling, like pain. What the person is feeling are the *symptoms*.]]

**Signs and symptoms** are two words that doctors use to describe how a medical problem causes changes in a person's body.

## Signs 
A sign is a change in the body that can be heard, seen, felt, or smelled by a doctor. A sign may also be shown on medical tests like X-rays or urine blood tests. For example:
* A doctor can hear changes in breathing sounds when he listens to a person's lungs with a stethoscope. These changes can be a sign of different breathing problems.
*A doctor can see that a person has a bruise or swelling. These are signs of an injury to the body. 
*A doctor can feel that a bone seems crooked or broken. This may be a sign of a bone fracture. 
*A doctor can smell that a person's breath smells like fruit. This can be a sign of very high blood sugar.
*A doctor can see on an X-ray that a bone is broken. This is a sign of a bone fracture. 

## Symptoms 
A symptom is a change in the body that cannot be seen, heard, felt, or smelled by a doctor. It also cannot be shown on medical tests. A symptom is something that only the person having the symptom can see, hear, feel, or smell. For example:
* Before a migraine headache, a person may see flashing lights that are not really there. Nobody but that person can see the lights, and they will not show up on any medical tests. This is called an aura, and it is a symptom of a migraine
* Sometimes, people will hear a ringing sound, like a phone ringing, in their ears. This can be a symptom of ear problems or hearing problems
* Pain is a common symptom. A doctor cannot see, hear, or feel pain, or see it on tests. Only the person having the pain can feel it
* If a person is having pain, like a headache or a stomach ache, there is no way for the doctor to know unless the person tells the doctor.

* Sometimes, before a person has a seizure, they may smell something that is not really there. Nobody but that person can smell it. This can be a symptom of an aura, warning that a seizure is going to happen

## Signs and symptoms often happen together 
Often, medical problems cause both signs and symptoms. For example:

## References
Thomas Dyer

**Thomas Dyer** (January 13, 1805 &ndash; June 6, 1862) was an American politician who was mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1856–1857) for the Democratic Party.

Dyer was born on January 13, 1805 in Canton, Connecticut. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Dyer died on June 6, 1862 in Middletown, Connecticut from a heart attack, aged 57.

## References
## Other websites
* Inaugural Address
Charles McNeill Gray

**Charles McNeill Gray** (March 7, 1807 &ndash; October 17, 1885) was an American politician who was Mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1853–1854) for the Democratic Party.

Gray was born on March 7, 1807 in Sherburne, New York. He came and lived in Chicago since July 1834. Gray died on October 17, 1885 in Chicago, Illinois from an illness, aged 78.

## References
## Other websites
*Inaugural Address 
*Charles McNeill Gray at Chicago public library
Harvey Doolittle Colvin

**Harvey Doolittle Colvin** (December 18, 1815 &ndash; April 16, 1892) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1873 to 1875. He was a member of the People's Party.

Colvin was born on December 18, 1815. He was never married and had no children. Colvin died on April 16, 1892 in Chicago, Illinois from an illness, aged 76.

## References
Monroe Heath

**Monroe Heath** (March 27, 1827 &ndash; October 21, 1894) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1876 to 1879. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Heath was born on March 27, 1827 in Grafton, New Hampshire. Heath died on October 21, 1894 in Asheville, North Carolina from a stroke, aged 67.

## Other websites
*
Menelik II

**Menelik II** (17 August 1844 – 12 December 1913) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 until he died in 1913.

## Other websites 
*Imperial Ethiopia Homepages – Emperor Menelik II the Early Years
*Imperial Ethiopia Homepages – Emperor Menelik II the Later Years
*Ethiopian Treasures – Emperor Menelik II
Menorah

**Menorah** may refer to:

*Menorah (Temple) &ndash; the ancient seven-branch lamp that traveled with the Israelites through the desert and later sat in the Temple in Jerusalem.
*Menorah (Hanukkah) &ndash; the nine-branch lamp used during Hanukkah.
Rogers Arena

**Rogers Arena** is a sports arena in Vancouver, British Columbia. The arena opened on September 21, 1995, and is the current home to the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League. 
## History
The arena was first known as **General Motors Place** from 1995 to 2010. It was renamed **Canada Hockey Place** for a short time and held ice hockey events during the 2010 Winter Olympics. The arena used to be the home of the Vancouver Grizzlies from 1995 to 2001 before they moved to Memphis, Tennessee to become the Memphis Grizzlies.

Rogers Communications has naming rights for the arena right now.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Besse Cooper

**Besse Berry Cooper** (August 26, 1896 – December 4, 2012) was an American woman who was, the oldest living person in the United States since Eunice Sanborn's death on January 31, 2011 and also believed to be the world's oldest living person.

In August 2012, a bridge in Between was named the "Besse Brown Cooper Bridge" in her honour.

## Longevity records 
* November 8, 2006 – Cooper, aged 110 years, 74 days, entered the Gerontology Research Group's list for Guinness World Records.
* January 19, 2009 – Beatrice Farve died. Cooper, aged 112 years, 146 days, became the oldest living person in the U.S. state of Georgia.
* June 21, 2011 – Maria Gomes Valentim died. Cooper, aged 114 years, 299 days, became the world's oldest living person.
* August 9, 2011 – Cooper, aged 114 years, 348 days, became the longest-lived person born in 1896, surpassing Maria Gomes Valentim.
* December 2, 2011 – Chiyono Hasegawa died. Cooper, aged 115 years, 98 days, became the last verified surviving person born in 1896.
* August 26, 2012 – Cooper became the 8th verified person in history to reach age 116, and the first to do so since Elizabeth Bolden, who celebrated her 116th birthday on August 15, 2006.
She is also one of the 3 people to have lost the title of the oldest person but later regained it, the other two being Jeanne Calment and Elizabeth Bolden.

## Death 
Cooper died of respiratory failure on December 4, 2012 at age 116 years, 100 days, and was succeeded as the oldest living person by Italian-born Americanwoman Dina Manfredini, who died just 13 days later. With Cooper's death, Gertrude Weaver become the oldest living person born in the United States.

## Related pages 
* List of American supercentenarians

## References
Jayne Meadows

**Jayne Meadows** (who was born as Jane Cotter; September 27, 1919 &ndash; April 27, 2015) was an American movie and stage actress. She was the older sister for the deceased actress Audrey Meadows. She was married to Steve Allen. Meadows was nominated for three Emmy Awards. Meadows was born  in Wu-ch'ang, Heilongjiang, China  to an American family.

Meadows died of natural causes at her home in Encino, California, aged 95.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
63 Building

**63 Building** is a skyscraper on Yeouido (island) in Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul in South Korea. Despite its name, it actually has 66 floors – 63 floors above ground and 3 floors underground. Construction started in February 1980, and was completed in May 1985. At that time, the name of the building was “Daehanlife 63 Building”, but the name of this has changed to “63 City.” It was the highest building in Asia at the moment of being built. It is now the 5th highest building in even Korea – the highest building in Korea is Northeast Asia Trade Tower in Incheon. But from now on, 63 Building is known as the most famous landmark in Korea.

Before it was built, South Korea was in the period of development. Therefore, it was decided to build the highest building in Asia to beat Sunshine 60 in Tokyo, Japan. There were also no buildings which were higher than 31 floors in South Korea. The process of building was chosen very fast.

63 building is actually a building for the Hanhwa Group but it also has some cultural areas for visitors. Except for the top 3 floors, visitors can enjoy all of the building. There is an aquarium named “63 Sea World”, IMAX theater, and observatory with museum named “63 Sky-art.” There are also many areas like food courts and restaurants.

63 Sea World was opened at July 27th, 1985, and has over 400 species and 20,000 marine lives in there. It also has a coelcanth and oarfish. The theater in 63 Building is the first IMAX theater in Korea. The “63 Buffet Pavilion” is known as one of the greatest restaurants in Seoul.

There are six elevators which were made by Mitsubishi in 63 Building, and their speed is about 540 meters per minute. It is the fastest elevator in Korea. For subway, there are two stations, Noryangjin station in Line 1 and Line 9.

## Other websites
*Official English-language website
James Hutchinson Woodworth

**James Hutchinson Woodworth** (December 4, 1804 &ndash; March 26, 1869) was an American politician. He was in the Illinois State Senate and in the Illinois State House of Representatives. He was a Chicago Alderman. He was elected to consecutive terms as Mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1848–1850) as an Independent Democrat. He was in the US House of Representatives for one term as a member of the Republican Party.

Woodworth was born on December 4, 1804 in Greenwhich, New York. He was married to Almrya Booth from 1842 until his death in 1869. They had two children. Woodoworth died on March 26, 1869 in Chicago, Illinois from an illness, aged 64.

## References
## Other websites
*First Inaugural Address
*Second Inaugural Address
Kim Campbell

**Avril Phædra Douglas "Kim" Campbell**  (known as **Kim Campbell**) (born March 10, 1947), is a Canadian politician, lawyer, diplomat, and writer who was the twenty-fourth Prime Minister of Canada from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993.

## Biography
Kim Campbell was born on March 10, 1947, in Port Alberni, British Columbia. Her parents were George Thomas Campbell and Phyllis "Lisa" Cook. 

She entered the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada leadership race after Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced his retirement from politics. She defeated Jean Charest at the Progressive Conservative leadership convention and was appointed Prime Minister on June 25, 1993 by Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn. She served as Prime Minister from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993. She was the first and only to date female Prime Minister of Canada, the first Prime Minister to have been born in British Columbia and the first Prime Minister to be a baby boomer.

When Campbell became Prime Minister, there had to be a general election. This is because elections in Canada have to take place at least every five years. During the 1993 federal election campaign, she became very unpopular after the writ was dropped. Because of this, on the day of the election, the Progressive Conservatives won only two seats in Parliament. Campbell lost her own seat.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*
*
Joy Davidman

**Joy Davidman** (born **Helen Joy Davidman**; 18 April 1915&nbsp;– 13 July 1960) was an American poet and writer. She was Jewish and of Polish and Ukrainian descent. She won the Yale Series of Younger Poets Competition in 1938 and the Russell Loines Award for Poetry in 1939 for her book of poems, *Letter to a Comrade*. She was the author of several books, including two novels. She was also the wife of C. S. Lewis. She died of bone cancer four years after the marriage.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America
John Blake Rice

**John Blake Rice** (May 28, 1809 &ndash; December 17, 1874) was an American actor, theatrical producer and politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1865–1869). He was a Republican.

Rice was born in Easton, Maryland on May 28, 1809. He was raised in Annapolis, Maryland and in Chicago, Illinois. Rice died on December 17, 1874 in Norfolk, Virginia from liver cancer, aged 65.

## References
## Other websites
*
James Lovelock

**James Ephraim Lovelock** CH CBE FRS (26 July 1919 &ndash; 26 July 2022) was an English independent scientist. He became an environmentalist and futurist. He was best known for proposing the Gaia hypothesis. This suggests the biosphere is a self-regulating system.

After the development of an instrument in the late 1960s, Lovelock was the first to detect the widespread presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. He found a concentration of 60 parts per trillion of CFC-11 over Ireland. He went on to measure the concentration of CFC-11 from the northern hemisphere to the Antarctic aboard the research ship RRS  *Shackleton*.

## Gaia 
Lovelock developed his Gaia ideas after working for NASA on detecting life on Mars.

The Gaia hypothesis proposes that living and non-living parts of the Earth form a complex interacting system that can be thought of as a single organism. Named after the Greek goddess Gaia at the suggestion of novelist William Golding, Lovelock has responded to these criticisms with models such as Daisyworld, which illustrate how individual-level effects can translate to planetary homeostasis, under the right circumstances.

### Global warming 
In Lovelock's 2006 book, *The Revenge of Gaia*, he argues that the destruction of rainforests weakens Gaia's capacity to control greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. If so, the planet's negative feedbacks would weaken, and global warming would continue to increase.

The warming of the oceans is extending the oceanic thermocline layer of tropical oceans over the Arctic and Antarctic waters. This would prevent the rise of oceanic nutrients into the surface waters and eliminate the algal blooms of phytoplankton. As phytoplankton and forests are the main ways in which Gaia draws down carbon dioxide, taking it out of the atmosphere, the elimination of this environmental buffering will see, according to Lovelock, most of the earth becoming uninhabitable for humans and other life-forms by the middle of this century, with a massive extension of tropical deserts. This rather extreme view is held by only a few other scientists.

In his most recent book, "*The Vanishing Face of Gaia*", with the rest of the world mostly scrub and desert.

### Climate engineering 
In September 2007, Lovelock and Chris Rapley proposed the construction of ocean pumps to pump water up from below the thermocline to "fertilize algae in the surface waters and encourage them to bloom". The basic idea was to accelerate the transfer of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the ocean by increasing photosynthesis and increasing the export of organic carbon (as "marine snow") to the deep ocean. A scheme similar to that proposed by Lovelock and Rapley is being independently developed by a commercial company.

Lovelock subsequently said that his proposal was intended to stimulate interest, and research would be the next step.

## Death
Lovelock died on 26 July 2022, his 103rd birthday, at his home in Dorset, England from problems caused by a fall.

## References
Hygrometer

A **hygrometer** is a meteorological instrument that is used to measure the humidity of the air. A common way these devices work is by using a material that attracts moisture. This material changes depending on how hydrated it is.
 
A hygrometer has two : one wet and one dry. Both bulbs are like thermometers, though one is covered with a wet or dry towel. After a period of time, the water on the bulb evaporates and at that time, the temperature is measured on each bulb. The difference between the temperatures is noted. Then each of the temperatures are used on a chart to find the relative humidity of that temperature and area. Relative humidity is a ratio, so it has no unit. A small difference between the temperature of the bulbs shows a high relative humidity coming from a low evaporation rate. In dry air, evaporation takes place faster showing a large difference in temperature thus giving a low relative humidity. 

## Sling psychrometer 
A sling psychrometer works when the scientist spins two thermometers through the air, one plain and one with a wet cloth around it. The dry thermometer measures the air temperature. The wet thermometer measures the dew point, because the wet cloth is cooled as the thermometer spins. Since the water on the cloth evaporates, due to latent heat, which is the loss of heat energy when matter goes through a phase change, the cloth cools. Then, the thermometer measures the temperature of the cloth. Eventually the cloth will match the amount of water absorbed in it with the amount of water absorbed in the air, or the humidity. When the matching happens, the temperature will stabilize. Then, the scientist looks on a table to find the dew point according to the air temperature and humidity measured by the wet bulb.
John A. Roche

**John A. Roche** (August 12, 1844 &ndash; February 10, 1904) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1887&ndash;1889). He was a Republican.

Roche was born on August 12, 1844 in Utica, New York. Roche died on February 10, 1904 in Chicago from a type of poisoning, aged 59.

## References
DeWitt Clinton Cregier

**DeWitt Clinton Cregier** (June 1, 1829 &ndash; November 9, 1898) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1889 to 1891. He was a Democrat.

Cregier was born on June 1, 1829 in New York City, New York. He was married to Mary Sophia Foggin. They had ten children. Cregier died on November 9, 1898 in Chicago, Illinois from pneumonia, aged 69. He is buried in Rosehill Cemetery in Lincoln Square, Chicago.

## References
Hempstead Washburne

**Hempstead Washburne** (November 11, 1852 &ndash; April 13, 1919) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1891 to 1893. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Washburne was born on November 11, 1852 in Galena, Illinois. Washburne died on April 13, 1919 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 66.

## Other websites
*
John Patrick Hopkins

**John Patrick Hopkins** (October 29, 1858 &ndash; October 13, 1918) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1893–1895). He was a Democrat.

Hopkins was born on October 29, 1858, in Buffalo, New York. He was never married. Hopkins died on October 13, 1918, in Chicago, Illinois from a flu, aged 59.

## References
Frank J. Corr

**Frank J. Corr** (January 12, 1877 &ndash; June 3, 1934) was an American politician. He was the acting mayor of Chicago, Illinois in 1933 after the assassination of Anton Cermak. Corr was a Democrat.

Corr was born on January 12, 1877 in Brooklyn, New York. His family moved to Chicago in 1890. Corr was married to Mary Corr. They had no children. Corr died on June 3, 1934 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart attack, aged 57.

## References
Gondola lift

]]
A **gondola lift** is a type of public transport. It consists of cabins fixed to a cable that travels between two stations. The cable is moved around by motors at the stations and is lifted from the ground by towers. A gondola lift is similar to a cable car, and sometimes it is called like that. However, unlike a cable car a gondola lift contains many cabins that go around at the same time. Usually the cabins slow down at the stations to allow passengers to get in or out.

Gondola lifts are mainly used in skiing resorts to transport tourists up and down the mountains.

## List of incidents 
 over sea]]

The National Ski Areas Association reports 0.138 deaths per 100 million miles transported compared to 1.23 for cars.

* October 22, 1979: One person was killed and 17 other injured when two gondolas fell from the "Swiss Sky Ride" at the Texas State Fair. Winds gusting to  caused three cars to collide and two fell on midway games below the cable.
* January 29, 1983: The Singapore Cable Car disaster, which saw seven people killed when two cabins plunged into the sea after the cableway was hit by a Panamanian-registered oil rig being towed.
* September 5, 2005: Nine people died and ten were injured when a  concrete block was accidentally dropped by a construction helicopter in Sölden, Austria. Hundreds had to be evacuated from the lift.
* July 13, 2006: Five people, including a three-year-old girl, were injured after two cable cars collided and one crashed to the ground. The accident took place at the Nevis Range, near Fort William in northwest Scotland. There were no fatalities and the gondola was deemed safe for operation shortly after the accident.
* 2006:  Two gondolas collide During a trial run of the Ngong Ping 360, leaving 200 volunteers stranded high above Hong Kong for several hours.
* February 18, 2007: A gondola car derailed from the cable at Ski Apache in New Mexico and rolled backwards hitting another car. Eight people were involved in the crash but only two suffered minor injuries.
* March 2, 2008: A man fell out of a gondola in Chamonix and died, perhaps after he and one of his friends leaned on and broke the plexiglass window.
* December 16, 2008: Ten people were injured (none seriously), and others left stranded after a tower supporting the Excalibur gondola lift on Blackcomb mountain collapsed, at the Whistler Blackcomb ski resort in Whistler, Canada.
* January 31, 2011: A ten-year-old boy fell  from a gondola in Hafjell, Norway. He suffered minor injuries.
* Cologne Cable Car closed in July 2017 due to an accident.
* August 2019: Someone cut the cable of the Sea to Sky Gondola in Squamish, British Columbia. No one was hurt but the gondola’s cars were destroyed when they crashed to the ground. The tourist attraction was closed for repairs.

## Related pages 
*Cable car
*Chairlift

## References
Edward Joseph Kelly

**Edward Joseph Kelly** (May 1, 1876 &ndash; October 20, 1950) was an American politician who was mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1933–1947) for the Demoratic Party.

Kelly was born on May 1, 1876 in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Mary Edmond Roche from 1910 until her death in 1918. They had one child. Then he was married to Margaret Ellen Kirk from 1922 until his death in 1950. They had three children. Kelly died on October 20, 1950 in Chicago, Illinois from heart failure, aged 74.

## References
Martin H. Kennelly

**Martin H. Kennelly** (August 11, 1887 &ndash; November 29, 1961) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1947&ndash;1955). He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Kennelly was born on August 11, 1887 in Chicago, Illinois. He was never married and had no children. Kennelly died on November 29, 1961 from heart failure, aged 74.

## References
Girma Wolde-Giorgis

**Girma Wolde-Giorgis** (December 28, 1924 &ndash; December 15, 2018) was an Ethiopian politician and was the President of Ethiopia from 2001 to 2013.

## Biography
Girma Wolde-Giorgis was born in December 28, 1924, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

He went to school at the Ethiopian Orthodox Church school and he later joined the Teferi Mekonnen School in Addis Ababa until the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. He was elected the President of Ethiopia as a surprise choice on 8 October 2001 by a unanimous vote of the Ethiopian Parliament. On 9 October 2007, he was re-elected as president.

Mulatu Teshome was elected the President of Ethiopia by a unanimous parliamentary vote on 7 October 2013.

Wolde-Giorgis died on December 15, 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia at the age of 93.

## References
Jeonju

**The city of Jeonju** was the political, economic and cultural center in the Honam Plain, Korea’s most fertile farmland that encompasses today’s South and North Jeolla Provinces. The first historic records about the city come from the Unified Silla Period. Back then, the city was called Wansanju. After the Unified Silla was divided, Jeonju served as the capital of the late Baekje, one of the kingdoms set up after the breakup of the Unified Silla. Coming to the Joseon period, Jeonju became even more important as the city was the birthplace of the first ancestor of Lee Sung-gae, the first king of the Joseon Dynasty. 

Known as a city with 1000-year history, Jeonju is also promoted as a gateway to traditional Korean culture and gastronomy. The Hanok Village in Jeonju is one of the most famous tourist attractions that many Koreans and foreigners visit every year. The Hanok Village, where traditional Korean houses from the Joseon Period are preserved, offers traditional Korean cuisine, hanji, or traditional Korean paper, and oriental medicine. Tourists can get a hands-on experience at various tourist facilities and historic sites in the city. 

UNESCO has officially designated Jeonju as a City of Gastronomy. The flavorful foods Jeonju offers are widely known among Koreans as well, and there are many restaurants in Korea that claim that they have originated from Jeonju. Two most famous foods from Jeonju are bibimbap and a bean sprout soup called kongnamulgukbap. Bibimbap is a dish that mixes rice with sautéed vegetables, meat, eggs, and hot red-pepper paste and offered in a bowl. Different ingredients blend in well to create a harmonious taste. Kongnamulgukbap is a bean sprout soup offered with rice in it. It seems a simple dish to make. But it has a very special taste that also comes from a mix of different ingredients put it to make the soup broth.
## Climate
## References
Jean Baptiste Point du Sable

**Jean Baptiste Point du Sable** (before 1750 &ndash; August 18, 1818) was the founder of the city of Chicago, Illinois in c. 1770s. Point du Sable was the first person to live in the city. He settled around where today the Chicago River is located at. He left Chicago in 1800.

Point du Sable was born around the 1750s. His birthplace is not known. Many people say that he was born in Haiti.  Point du Sable died on August 18, 1818 in St. Charles, Missouri.

## References
## Other websites
*DuSable Heritage Association
Lester L. Bond

**Lester Legrant Bond** (October 27, 1829 &ndash; April 15, 1903) was an American politician. He was the acting Mayor of Chicago, Illinois from August 18, 1873 through December 1, 1873 when Joseph Medill left for Europe.

Bond was born on October 27, 1829 in Ravenna, Ohio. He was married to Mary Aspenwell. They had a daughter, Laura Bond. Bond died on April 15, 1903 in Chicago, Illinois from a stroke, aged 73.

## References
Thomas Hoyne

**Thomas Hoyne** (February 11, 1817 – July 27, 1883) was an American politician who was elected as the Mayor of Chicago in 1875. Since Honye was an Independent, there was never a Democrat or Republican who wanted to run for mayor at the time. But after his victory, he did not wanted to be the mayor because of the conflict and might ruin his career.

Hoyne was born on February 11, 1817 in New York City, New York. He was married to Leonora Maria Temple. They had seven children. Hoyne was killed on July 27, 1883 in Carlton, New York in a train crash, aged 66.

## References
David Duvall Orr

**David Duvall Orr** (born October 4, 1944) is an American Democratic politician from Chicago, Illinois. He was the mayor of Chicago from November 25, 1987 through December 2, 1987. He became the mayor after the death of Harold Washington.

Orr was born on October 4, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Loretta Lim. They had four children. Orr now lives in Chicago, Illinois.

## References
Héctor Camacho

**Hector Camacho** (May 24, 1962 &ndash; November 24, 2012) was a Puerto Rican boxing performer known for his quickness in the ring. He held three world championships: one in the super featherweight, one in the lightweight and one in the junior welterweight boxing weight divisions. His boxing career lasted for almost 30 years.

## Murder 
On November 20, 2012, Camacho was shot while he sat inside a vehicle close to a bar in Puerto Rico. He died four days later from his injuries he sustained at age 50.

## References
Starship Troopers

***Starship Troopers*** is a 1997 American science fiction action adventure thriller movie. It was released on November 7, 1997. The gross amount of money the movie made was $65,000,000 (worldwide). The companies that helped make the movie TriStar Pictures, Touchstone Pictures and Big Bug Pictures. *Starship Troopers* was directed by Paul Verhoeven.

## Story
Starship Troopers is about an interplanetary war between the Humans (Mobile Infantry) and large insect-like aliens in the 23rd century. It is about the experience of Johnny Rico, one of 3 close friends who join up to fight the bugs before his hometown of Buenos Aires is destroyed by the aliens.

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Dyke (geology)

, western Sweden]]
. This is the largest dike swarm known on Earth ]]

 dyke crosscutting horizontal limestone beds in Arizona.]]
, Alaska.]]

A **dyke** (or dike) is when later molten lava pushes up between older rock layers. This produces later vertical rock between older layers of rock. 

Technically, it is any geologic body which cuts across: a) flat wall rock structures, such as bedding. b) massive rock formations, usually igneous in origin. Dykes can therefore be either pushed in between (intrusive) or laid down (sedimentary) in origin.

The most usual thing that happens is that later volcanic activity pushes lava through strata which were laid down earlier in a sedimentary fashion, or through earlier igneous rocks. On the Isle of Arran, for example, there are hundreds of igneous dykes. This gives rise to the term **dyke swarm**. 

Alternatively, sedimentary rocks can be laid down in vertical gaps between strata. Or, after underwater earthquakes, gaps caused by the earthquake can be filled in with breccia, that is, broken rocks.

Dykes are a common, almost universal, feature of the older Palaeozoic rocks. Another type of intrusion is the sill, where later rock is formed between older layers, not through them. So dykes are vertical intrusions, and sills are horizontal intrusions. Many magmatic events produce both vertical and horizontal intrusions.

Dyke swarms can be seen on other planets.

## References
Angie Dickinson

**Angeline Dickinson** (née **Brown**; born September 30, 1931) is an American actress. She starred in the features *Dressed to Kill* and *Pay it Forward*. She was also the star of the television series *Police Woman*. Her daughter Nikki (born in 1966) committed suicide in January 2007.
Enantiomer

has two enantiomers. The one on the left is called S-(+)-lactic acid and is the natural one]]

In chemistry, an **enantiomer** is a special kind of isomer. It is a molecule that looks exactly like another one when viewed in a mirror. The subject of mirror-image chemicals is known as chirality.

If you try to put the two molecules on top of each other, they will not be the same (they will not superimpose). This is because they have one chiral centre. It is important that they only have one, otherwise the two molecules are called diastereoisomers.

Both enantiomers of a molecule have the same basic properties. For example, they have the same boiling point and NMR spectrum. Therefore they are difficult to separate. It is sometimes very important to separate them because in some drug molecules one enantiomer might have the right effect but the other might be dangerous. One famous example is thalidomide: one enantiomer of the molecule causes birth defects.

## Difference between a chiral molecule and enantiomers
A chiral molecule is a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image, while enantiomers are the set (all of) the molecules which are mirror images of eachother

Molecule A and B have mirror images (A' and B' respectively). A' and B' are not superimposable on A and B, thus, both A and B are chiral molecules since their mirrors are not the same as the originals, but only [ A and A' ] and/or [ B and B' ] are enantiomers.

In other words, a chiral molecule X is chiral if its image X' is not the same, while the set of both [ X and X' ] are enantiomers.

## References
Patsy Mink

**Patsy Matsu Takemoto Mink** (; December 6, 1927September 28, 2002) was an American politician.  She was the U.S. Representative for the 1st and 2nd Districts of Hawaii. Mink was the first non-white woman in the U.S. Congress.

## Early life and education
Mink was born in Paia on the island of Maui in Hawaii. She was the daughter of Japanese American parents.  She was a *Sansei*, which means that she was the granddaughter of people born in Japan who immigrated to the US. Despite being Americans, her parents felt racial discrimination because they were Japanese during World War 2. 

She graduated from the University of Hawaii and she earned a law degree from the University of Chicago.

## Congressional career
Mink was the first woman of color to be elected into Congress. She spent her time in Congress speaking out and writing laws related to gender equality in education. Mink was also the first woman to be an approved lawyer in the state of Hawaii. Mink founded the Oahu Young Democrats in 1954. Mink was the first Asian American to run for president. During her second time in congress, Mink co-founded the Congressional Asian Pacific American Council. She also protested against the promotion of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court after claims of sexual harassment. In 1977 she served under President Jimmy Carter as assistant secretary of state for oceans and international, environmental and scientific affairs. Mink was a member of Congress until her death in 2002.

## References 
## Other websites
* Patsy Mink obituary in the *Honolulu Advertiser*, September 29, 2002; Patsy Mink memorial tributes, October 5, 2002
* Patsy Mink biography at National Organization for Women (NOW)
Michael A. Bilandic

**Michael Anthony Bilandic** (February 13, 1923 &ndash; January 15, 2002) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1976-1979). He was a member of the Democratic Party. He became mayor after being elected by the Chicago City Council to become acting mayor, upon the death of Richard J. Daley, beating Wilson Frost.

Bilandic was born on February 13, 1923 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at DePaul University. He was married to Heather Morgan. Bilandic died on January 15, 2002 in Chicago, Illinois from heart failure, aged 78.

## References
## Other websites
*First Inaugural Address
*Second Inaugural Address
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Hyun-jin Ryu

**Ryu Hyun-Jin** ( born March 25, 1987 in Incheon, Gyeonggi-do) is a South Korean professional baseball player. He is 6&nbsp;ft 2 inches tall and weighs 215&nbsp;lbs. He is a left-handed pitcher.

He plays for the Toronto Blue Jays. In the past, he played for the Los Angeles Dodgers.

## Amateur career 
Ryu Hyun-Jin went to Dongsan High School in Incheon, South Korea.

In 2003, Ryu pitched for his school in the Michoohall National High School Championship. He recorded an 0.00 ERA in 3 games.

In 2004, he went through the Tommy John surgery. So he did not show up in any official games.

In 2005, he led his team to the top place of the Blue Dragon Open National High School Championship. He pitched 1.54 ERA in 53 and 2/3 Innings, earning 6 wins and 1 loss.

## Professional career 
Ryu Hyun-Jin played well in the Amateur League. So Ryu was selected by the Hanwha Eagles as the 1st pick in 2006. His professional league debut was on  April 12, 2006 pitching against LG Twins. That day he earned his first league win. He allowed only 3 hits and no runs for 7 and 1/3 innings. He became a sensation in the league from his debut. And finished the season with 18-6, 2.23 ERA and 205 strikeouts in 201 and 2/3 innings. In his first year, he got the pitching Triple Crown, and was named both Rookie of the year and Player of the Year.

Since then, Ryu kept his place as a top pitcher in the league. And he won many personal titles.

## International career 
In August 2008, Ryu played for the South Korea national baseball team in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The South Korea national baseball team won the gold medal. For this, Ryu does not have to join the Military for 2 years like other men in South Korea.

In March 2009, he played for the South Korea national baseball team in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. His team finished in second place.

In 2010, Ryu played in the 2010 Asian Games. The South Korea national baseball team won the gold medal.

## Desire to play in the Major League Baseball 
Ryu always showed his wish to play in the Major League Baseball. The Korea Baseball Organization allows their players to make a contract with a Major League team after playing 7 years in the Korean League. But the agreement of the player's original team is needed. After the 2012 season, Ryu used this rule to play in the Major League Baseball league. The Los Angeles Dodgers suggested $25,737,737.33 to get the agreement from his original team, the  Hanwha Eagles. Hanwha Eagles accepted the suggestion, and the Los Angeles Dodgers and Ryu agreed on his salary and contract years on December 10, 2012.
SSG Landers

The **SSG Landers**, known as the **SK Wyverns** from 2000 to 2020, is a professional baseball team in South Korea. It was established in 2000. The team is based in Incheon and plays home games at Incheon SSG Landers Field. The mascot of this team was a wyvern, a king of dragons, while it was known as the SK Wyverns. Now, the mascot of this team is a dog.

## History 
In the 2000 season, the Ssangbangwool Raiders, a team that had previously represented the North Jeolla region since 1991, was dissolved because of the bankruptcy of the Ssangbangwool Group. Then the KBO appointed SK company as a supporter of the new team, and SK determined its team name as SK Wyverns. So the Raiders and the Wyverns has no historical links although the Wyverns consisted of many players from the Raiders.

The Hyundai Unicorns, a team that had previously represented Incheon, went to Suwon, and the SK Wyverns became new Incheon team. It advanced the first Korean Series in 2003, where somewhat ironically, it was defeated by the Hyundai Unicorns in seven games.

## Records 
In 2007, under the new director Kim Sung-keun, SK defeated the Doosan Bears in six games to win the 2007 Korean Series - the first time the franchise had won the Korean Series - after finishing the league in first place. They became the first team in Korean Series history to win after losing the first two games. Designated Hitter Kim Jae-hyun was the series MVP.

SK went to the Korean Series again in 2008, once again facing their main rivals, Doosan Bears. In a repeat of 2007, SK defeated Doosan and became the Korean Series Champions again. Choi Jeong, 21 year old 3rd baseman, was the series MVP.

In 2009, in spite of many injured players, SK advanced the Korean Series again, but they were defeated by the KIA Tigers in 7 games. However, in 2010, it regained the champion title by defeating Samsung Lions. In the next two years, SK lost to Samsung in the Korean Series.
Tomb of Zechariah

The **Tomb of Zechariah** (Zechariah Ben Jehoiada) is a famous grave in the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery, Jerusalem.

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Tomb of Absalom

**Tomb of Absalom** () is a famous monument grave. According to the Jewish religion, it is the tomb of Absalom, son of King David. The monument is next to the Tomb of Zechariah monument grave in Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery in Jerusalem.

## Other websites 
*Virtual Tour of Jerusalem. Offers 360-degree view from front of Absalom's Pillar.
Tomb of Nicanor

The **Tomb of Nicanor**  (also called the **Cave of Nicanor**) is a famous ancient cave. According to the Jewish tradition, this is the grave of Nicanor, who built the doors on the First Temple in Jerusalem. Two famous Zionist activists were buried there: Leon Pinsker and Menachem Ussishkin.

## National Pantheon of Israel 
They planned to turn it into a national pantheon (monument) for the Jewish people. After the establishment of the state of Israel the national pantheon was established on Mount Herzl in the west side of the city. The cave is located in the National Botanic Garden of Israel in the campus of Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Mount Scopus.

## Other websites 
* Tomb of Nicanor  in the Hebrew University - Mount Scopus Botanic Garden
Bezalel Academy of Art and Design

**Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design** is the national academy of art and design of Israel. It is located in Mount Scopus, with some other small campuses in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.

## Other websites 
* Bezalel Academy web site 
* Bezalel Catalogue of Student Works 
* Timeline of Bezalel Academy history 
* absolutearts.com/artsnews 
* Zionism and Art: Bezalel Narkiss Speaks in 'Israel at 50' Series
Bahá'í World Centre

The '''Bahá'í World Centre''' is the headquarters of the Bahá'í Faith. It is located in Haifa, Israel on Mount Carmel. The Bahá'í World Centre includes the World Bahá'í Archive, Universal House of Justice of the Baha'i Faith, International Center for advisors, and the Scripture Study Center. There are many Baha'i believers in Haifa and Acre.

## Other websites 
*www.bahai.org - Official website
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*Photos - The Bahá'í Gardens in Haifa: the Shrine of the Bab Terraces & Gardens 
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Eddie Bracken

**Edward Vincent "Eddie" Bracken** (February 7, 1915 &ndash; November 14, 2002) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, and comedian. He was known for his roles in ''The Miracle of Morgan's Creek*, *Fun on a Week-end*, *Baby's Day Out*, *Home Alone 2: Lost in New York*, and in *We're Not Married!''.

Bracken was born on February 7, 1915 in Queens, New York. He was married to Connie Nickerson from 1939 until her death in 2002. They had five children. Bracken died on November 14, 2002 in Glen Ridge, New Jersey after going into surgery, aged 87.

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Aldol reaction

The **aldol reaction** is a very important reaction in organic chemistry. It allows to form new carbon-carbon bonds. It was discovered in 1872.

The reagents are two carbonyl compounds together with a base. A proton is removed from one of them forming a negative charge on the α-carbon (the carbon just next to the C-O double bond). The negative charge can then attack the other carbonyl compound, forming the bond. The product is a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound, a molecule with a C-O double bond and an alcohol two carbon atoms down the chain. This reaction is very powerful because it can form a big molecule from two smaller ones.

Modern ways of doing the aldol reaction also allow to control the stereochemistry of the product. This is a very good way to create new chiral centres.

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Scalping

**Scalping** is the act of removing the scalp, or a part of the scalp, from a dead body or another living person. The scalp would serve as a trophy from battle or proof of a warrior's skill. Scalping was also done for money, when the scalper was given a certain amount of money as a reward for each scalp of the enemy they acquired.

Scalping was often done during the colonisation of North America. It was practised by certain nations of Native Americans, but this was not the norm. It was also done by European colonists. Some United States and Mexican territories paid  for enemy Native American scalps.

In Australia, scalping of dingos was a widespread form of bounty hunting. It began in 1912, when the government of South Australia decided to pay people money for dingo scalps, to reduce attacks on livestock. This was also done in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

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