open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Les Claypool

**Leslie Edward Claypool** (born September 29, 1963) is an American musician, singer, writer, and movie maker. He is best known for being the bassist and main member of Primus, an American rock band. He has been in Primus since it was made in 1984. Many people say Claypool is one of the best bassists of all time. He has a unique way of playing the bass guitar. He is known for using tapping, slapping, and vibrato when playing the bass guitar.

Claypool has been in many different bands. He has been a member of many supergroups (a band that has members who are already popular musicians). He has worked with musicians such as Buckethead and Sean Lennon. He has also made his own bands. These are Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade and Les Claypool's Fancy Band. Claypool has made albums by himself, such as *Highball with the Devil* (1996) and *Of Whales And Woe* (2006).

## References
Completing the square

In elementary algebra, **completing the square** is a method for solving quadratic equations. The method changes the quadratic expression from the standard form ax^2 + bx + c into the vertex form a(x-h)^2 + k.

## Method 
The method begins with a quadratic expression in its standard form,
ax^2 + bx + c
The goal of completing the square is to change this expression to vertex form. Completing the square is the opposite of quadratic binomial expansion.

First, the factor a should be taken out of the first two terms:
ax^2 + bx + c = a\left(x^2 + \frac{b}{a} x\right) + c
With that factor removed, take half of the middle term, and note that
\begin{array}{rl}\left(x + \frac{b}{2a}\right)^2 & = {} x^2 + \frac{b}{a} x + \frac{b^2}{4a^2}\\
\left(x + \frac{b}{2a}\right)^2 - \frac{b^2}{4a^2} & = {} x^2 + \frac{b}{a}x\end{array}
Substitution allows the left hand side to replace the right hand side in the earlier equation:
ax^2 + bx + c = a\left(x + \frac{b}{2a}\right)^2 - \frac{b^2}{4a} + c
This gives the quadratic in vertex form, with
\begin{array}{rl} h = & -\frac{b}{2a}\\
k = & c - \frac{b^2}{4a}\end{array}
If the quadratic expression was part of a quadratic equation in standard form, the equation can be further solved using square roots, which makes the quadratic formula.

## History 
The technique of completing the square was known in the Old Babylonian Empire.

Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi, a famous polymath who wrote the early algebraic treatise Al-Jabr, used the technique of completing the square to solve quadratic equations.

## References
Murad II

** Murad II** (, , 16 June 1404 Murad II defeated a large group of Crusader armies from different states of Europe at the Battle of Varna.

## Refernces
Cirque du Soleil

**Cirque du Soleil** (, ; "Circus of the Sun" or "Sun Circus") is a Canadian entertainment company. It is the largest contemporary circus producer in the world. Located in the inner-city area of Saint-Michel, it was founded in Baie-Saint-Paul on 16 June 1984 by former street performers Guy Laliberté and Gilles Ste-Croix.

## Accidents
On 29 November 2016, 42-year-old set technician Olivier Rochette, of Canada, died in San Francisco, California, from head injuries he had sustained after accidentally being hit in the head by an aerial lift while preparing for a production of *Luzia*. Rochette was the son of Cirque du Soleil co-founder Gilles Ste-Croix. He had been with the company for 15 years.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* *The Cirque: An American Odyssey*, documentary film about Cirque du Soleil's 1988 U.S. tour, National Film Board of Canada
Sokołów Podlaski

**Sokołów Podlaski** is a town in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland. It is about  east of Warsaw. The town is on the Cetynia river. It is in the historical area of Podlachia.  Sokołów Podlaski is the capital of Sokołów County. The town was first settled in the 6th century. The town received its charter in 1424. In 2004, 18,434 people lived in Sokołów Podlaski. 18,481 people live there in 2010 and 18,720 in 2013.

## References
The Medicine Bottle

***The Medicine Bottle*** is a 1909 American silent thriller movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Florence Lawrence, Adele DeGarde, and Marion Leonard.

## Actors
* Florence Lawrence as Mrs. Ross
* Adele DeGarde as Alice, Mrs. Ross's daughter
* Marion Leonard as Mrs. Parker
* Linda Arvidson as telephone operator
* Anita Hendrie as party guest
* Dorothy West as party guest
* David Miles as party guest
* Herbert Yost as party guest
* Mack Sennett as party guest

## References
## Other websites
*
The Mended Lute

***The Mended Lute*** is a 1909 American silent western movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Florence Lawrence, Frank Powell, and Owen Moore.

## Actors
* Florence Lawrence – Rising Moon
* Frank Powell – Chief Great Elk Horn
* Owen Moore – Little Bear
* James Kirkwood – Standing Rock
* Arthur V. Johnson – Indian
* Alfred Paget – Indian
* Mack Sennett – Indian
* Henry B. Walthall – Indian
* Red Wing – Indian
* James Young Deer – Indian

## References
## Other websites
*
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1909 movie)

'''''A Midsummer Night's Dream''''' is a 1909 American silent drama movie directed by J. Stuart Blackton and Charles Kent and stars Walter Ackerman, Dolores Costello, and Helene Costello.

## Actors
* Walter Ackerman as Demetrius
* Dolores Costello as a fairy
* Helene Costello as a fairy
* Maurice Costello as Lysander
* Rose Tapley as Hermia
* Julia Swayne Gordon as Helena
* Florence Turner as Titania
* Gladys Hulette as Puck
* Elita Proctor Otis as Hippolyta
* William Humphrey
* William V. Ranous as Bottom

## References
## Other websites
*
Les Misérables (1909 movie)

***Les Misérables*** is a 1909 American silent drama movie directed by J. Stuart Blackton and stars William V. Ranous, Maurice Costello, and Hazel Neason.

## Actors
* William V. Ranous as Javert
* Maurice Costello as Jean Valjean
* Hazel Neason
* Marc McDermott

## References
## Other websites
*
Mr. Jones Has a Card Party

***Mr. Jones Has a Card Party*** is a 1909 American silent comedy movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars John R. Cumpson, Florence Lawrence, and Linda Arvidson.

## Actors
* John R. Cumpson as Mr. Jones
* Florence Lawrence as Mrs. Jones
* Linda Arvidson as The Maid
* Flora Finch as Guest
* Robert Harron as A Messenger
* Anita Hendrie as Guest
* Charles Inslee as Guest
* Arthur V. Johnson as Guest
* Jeanie MacPherson as Guest
* Mack Sennett as Guest
* Harry Solter as Guest

## References
## Other websites
*
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

**Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk** (, literally "South Sakhalin City") is a city on Sakhalin island. It is also the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is in the Far East part of Russia. It is north of Japan. Gas and oil  and  are the main industries of the island. It was named **Vladimirovka** () from 1882 to 1905, then  when Imperial Japan controlled it from 1905 to 1946. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 181,728.

## History 
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk started as a small Russian  called **Vladimirovka.** It was founded by convicts in 1882. In the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, the southern part of Sakhalin was given to Japan. This treaty ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. Because Vladimirovka was in southern Sakhalin, it was given to Japan. Vladimirovka was renamed **Toyohara** (meaning "bountiful plain" in Japanese).

During the Soviet–Japanese War within World War II, the city was taken by Soviet soldiers. After the war, it was given to the Soviet Union. It was renamed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and given town status in 1946.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 
* Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: City's History in Architecture
* Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Blizzard Photos
Battle of Svatove

The **Battle of Svatove** is a current battle between Russia and Ukraine over the eastern Ukrainian city of Svatove. It is part of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and part of the Battle of the Svatove-Kreminna line. The battle began on October 3, 2022, a day after the Ukrainian army recaptured the town of Lyman in Donetsk Oblast.

## Background 
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Svatove was occupied by Russian and Luhansk People's Republic forces on 6 March 2022. In early September 2022, it was reported that Russian forces were leaving the city. This was because of a Ukrainian counteroffensive in Kharkiv Oblast. However, Russian troops had came back by 14 September. After Putin announced partial mobilization on 21 September, some of the newly recruited conscripts were sent to Svatove to the front line after only 2 days of training at most to counter Ukrainian advances.

Russian forces mined all roads leading to Svatove and Kreminna to defeat Ukrainian advances.

## Battle 
After the Ukrainian recapture of Lyman on October 2, Ukrainian forces went towards the Kharkiv-Luhansk oblast borders. On October 3, they took back Borova and the nearby town of Shyikivka. To the south, Ukraine took back the villages of Izyumske and Druzhelyubivka on the border of Kharkiv and Luhansk oblasts. 

To the north of Borova, Ukrainian forces took back Bohuslavka and Borivska Andriivka. To the east, Ukrainian forces also took Hrekivka and Makiivka. On October 9, Ukrainian forces took back Kruhlyakivka.

Between October 9 and 13, Ukrainian forces made small advances into Luhansk Oblast. They took back the villages of Novolyubivka, Nevske, Novoiehorivka, Nadiia, and Andriivka, all southwest of Svatove. In the north, Ukrainian forces took back Krokhmalne.

By October 24, Ukrainian forces had taken back Kamazynivka, Myasozharivka, and Nevske in Luhansk Oblast, and Novosadove in Donetsk Oblast.

On the night of 2 November, Ukrainian sources claimed to have destroyed an entire Russian battalion near the town of Makiivka, in Svatove Raion. 

## References
Svatove

**Svatove** () or **Svatovo** () is a city on the Krasna river in Luhansk Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Svatove Raion. Its population is .

## History 
After the creation of the separatist Luhansk People's Republic on 27 April 2014, Luhansk Oblast became a battlefield of the War in Donbas. Svatove stayed under Ukrainian control. The separatist referendum on 11 May on independence was not held in the city.

On 29–30 October 2015, two people were reported dead and eight wounded because of explosions caused by fire at the munitions depot in Svatove.

### 2022 invasion 
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Svatove was occupied by Russian and Luhansk People's Republic forces on 6 March 2022. Following a major counteroffensive by Ukrainian forces in early September 2022, it was reported that Russian forces were leaving the city. On 14 September, it was reported that Russian soldiers had come back.

 the city has been occupied by Russian forces.

## Demographics 
In 2021, it had a population of 16,420. At the time of the 2001 census, the population was 89.87% Ukrainian and 8.61% Russian.

## Related pages 
* Battle of Svatove - 2022 battle for the town

## References
National anthem of Scotland

As Scotland is part of the United Kingdom, the British national song "God Save the King" is used in Scotland on royal occasions, for example, or when Scottish athletes participate at the Olympics. However, in other situations, other songs are used as *acutual* Scottish songs, especially "Flower of Scotland" and "Scotland the Brave". There have been calls for Scotland to have its own official national song.

In 2004, lawyers for the devolved Scottish Parliament advised that it was within the legal smart ability of the Scottish Parliament to choose a national song for Scotland, going against the suggestion that it would be a matter reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. This ruling caused some interest in the idea, and a petition to the Scottish Parliament's petitions committee supported by the Scottish Green Party was referred without recommendation to the Scottish Executive, but they decided to take no action, thinking about the issue not to be a political priority. There have been subsequent attempts to re-open the debate on a national anthem for Scotland.

In 2006, the Scottish Parliament Enterprise Committee denied a formal request from Scottish National Party MSP Michael Matheson on the subject.

## Current use 
At most international sporting events Scotland uses "Flower of Scotland" as its national song. These events include matches of the Scottish national football team, Scottish cricket team and the Scottish rugby union team. The song has also been used as the victory song of Scotland at the Commonwealth Games since 2010, replacing "Scotland the Brave".
## Possible candidates
In June 2006 the Royal Scottish National Orchestra conducted an online opinion poll on their website, asking visitors to choose a favourite to be Scotland's national song. With over 10,000 votes cast, "Flower of Scotland" came first with 41% of the votes, followed by "Scotland the Brave" with 29%.

Other songs which have been suggested include Robert Burns' "Auld Lang Syne", and Hamish Henderson's "Freedom Come-All-Ye". Both of these songs, from the 18th and 20th centuries respectively, are written in Lowland Scots.

## References
Beachlands, New Zealand

**Beachlands** is an outer suburb of Auckland. It was established in the 1920s. The development has increased from the 1950s, which makes it a beach holiday destination. It has a primary school, and its nearest high school is at Howick College or Botany Downs Secondary College.

## References
Mazyr

**Mazyr** or **Mozyr** (, ;  *Mozyr* , , Yiddish: מאזיר) is a city in the Gomel Region of Belarus on the Pripyat River. It is about  east of Pinsk and  northwest of Chernobyl. It is located at around . The population is 111,770 (2004 estimate). The total urban area, including the town of Kalinkavichy across the river, has a population of 150,000. Mazyr is known as a center of oil refining, salt extraction, machine building, and food processing in Belarus. It is home to one of the largest oil refineries in Belarus. This refinery pumps out 18 million metric tons per year, and is served by a tram line. The Druzhba pipeline carries crude oil from Russia, splitting in two at Mazyr. One pipeline branch is directed into Poland and the other one to Ukraine.

## Population 
## Twin towns – sister cities 
Mazyr is twinned with:

*  Chojnice, Poland
*  Severodvinsk, Russia

## Notable people 
* Siarhiej Dubaviec (b. 1959) – Belarusian journalist and writer
* George de Mohrenschildt⁣ – geologist and friend of Lee Harvey Oswald
* Isaac Don Levine was born there
* Zbigniew Morsztyn⁣ – Polish nobleman of Leliwa coat of arms, poet of the Baroque era, soldier, member of the Polish Brethren, Miecznik of Mazyr. Cousin and co-worker of Jan Andrzej Morsztyn.
* Ksenia Sitnik⁣ – singer and winner of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2005
* Dzyanis Laptsew⁣ – footballer
* Hesya Helfman⁣ – member of *Narodnaya Volya*, who was implicated in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II

## References 
## Other websites 
* Satellite photo of Mazyr (from Google Maps). Ravines can be seen very clearly.
* Mazyr town at Radzima.org
* FC Slavia-Mozyr Official Site - www.slaviya.info
* FC Slavia - www.slavia-mozyr.com
* Сайт горада Мазыр
* Cities of Belarus:Mozyr
* International Festival 'Hey, Rocknem!'
* The murder of the Jews of Mazyr  during World War II, at Yad Vashem website
Source text

A **source text** is a piece of work (usually writing, sometimes speech) where information or ideas come from. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

In the study of history, people talk about primary (firsthand), secondary (secondhand) and tertiary (thirdhand) sources.

## References
Intercrural sex

painting of 

 (a form of non-penetrative sex) between a winged god (Eros or Zephyrus) and a youth (perhaps Hyacinthus) ]]
**Intercrural sex** is a form of Non-penetrative sex where a person's penis is stimulated between the thighs of another person.

It is known from Ancient Greece, and it is sometimes done because it spreads sexually transmitted diseases less than vaginal or anal sex.

## References
Elliot Easton

**Elliot Easton** (born **Elliot Steinberg**, 18 December 1953 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American lead guitarist and singer. He sang background vocals for The Cars. He studied music at the Berklee College of Music.
## Career
Easton released a solo album in 1985, *Change No Change*, with songs co-written with Jules Shear. A later band project, Band Of Angels, was formed with singer Danny Malone, and recorded one album, *Band Of Angels*, which was not released, but some selections were included in the *Change No Change* 1996 CD.

In 1998, Easton's rendition appeared on *No Cats*, an album by Stray Cats bassist Lee Rocker. He contributed guitar parts to "Rumblin' Bass" and "One Way or Another." According to both Easton and Rocker, the two have known each other since they were young boys growing up in New York.

Easton then joined Creedence Clearwater Revisited, the modern touring version of Creedence Clearwater Revival.

He has also played with Ric Ocasek as a solo artist.

Easton is currently a member of The New Cars, along with original The Cars member Greg Hawkes and singer/songwriter Todd Rundgren, along with former Utopia bassist/vocalist Kasim Sulton and The Tubes drummer Prairie Prince. In June 2006, the band released a live album, ''It's Alive!'', which includes three new studio tracks.

He appeared and played the solo on the Click Five song "Angel To You (Devil To Me)".
Greg Hawkes

**Greg Hawkes** (born October 22, 1952) is an American musician. He is best known as the keyboardist for the new wave band The Cars.

A native of Fulton, Maryland, Hawks attended Atholton High School, where he played in a band called Teeth. He then attended Berklee College of Music for two years, majoring in composition and flute. He left to play in various bands, including Martin Mull and his Fabulous Furniture, where he played flute, saxophones and clarinet. He also played in a band called Richard and The Rabbits, which included future Cars bandmates Ric Ocasek and Benjamin Orr. 

Greg Hawkes' most notable involvement was with The Cars. Hawkes pushed the limits of available technology and sequencing helping to forge the sound of the 1980s. His signature sounds include the Prophet-5 "touch sync" sound heard on "Let's Go" and "Hello Again" as well as arpeggiated and syncopated synth lines like on "Shake it Up" and "Heartbeat City".

## References
Alumni

's *Alma Mater* in Urbana, Illinois]]
**Alumni** (singular: **alumnus** (masculine) or **alumna** (feminine)) are people who used to be students of a school, college, or university who have either attended or graduated in some way from the institution.

The Latin noun *alumnus* means "foster son" or "pupil" and comes from the verb *alere* "to nourish".
Polow da Don

**Polow-Freache Jamal Fincher Jones** (born October 15, 1977 or 1978), known by his professional name **Polow da Don**, is an American record producer and rapper. He rose to fame in late 2005 and early 2006 through hit singles by musicians such as Ludacris, Will Smith, Jamie Foxx, Ciara, Kelly Rowland, Fergie, Rich Boy, Kelis, Nas, Usher, Nelly, G-Unit and Mario.

## Early life
Polow was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother was born in Japan. As a teenager in the mid-1990s, Polow listened to groups such as UGK, the Geto Boys, and 8Ball & MJG. His younger sister, Karesha, helped him learn to play the keyboards and use MPC equipment. Polow played football and basketball for the Mount Vernon Christian Academy prep school. After earning good grades, he enrolled in Morehouse College. While in the middle through a bachelor's degree in accounting, he left college to pursue a rap career with his rap group Jim Crow. 

## Career
The group signed to Sony Records in 1999, where they released two albums, ''Crow's Nest* (1999) and *Right Quick'' (2001), before being dropped. Though disappointed, Polow formed a Southern hip hop group with Bubba Sparxxx, Sean P, Pastor Troy, G Rock, and Timbaland. However, they also parted ways without any releases. Polow started making beats around 2001. His first beat tape of his came to Interscope Records president Jimmy Iovine. The beats were eventually used for the tracks "Runaway Love" by Ludacris, "Buttons" by the Pussycat Dolls, and "This Is the Life" by Tru-Life.

## References
Everybody Lay Down

"**Everybody Lay Down**" is a 1993 song by Pat Benatar. It is the leading single from her ninth studio album ''Gravity's Rainbow''. It went to number 50 in Canada and number 3 in the Billboard Modern Rock chart.

## Track listing
;7–inch single (Jukebox release)
#"Everybody Lay Down" – 4:25
#"Promises in the Dark" (Live) – 5:11

;CD single (US promo)
#"Everybody Lay Down" (Edit Version) – 3:57
#"Everybody Lay Down" (Album Version) – 4:25

;CD single (Japanese release)
#"Everybody Lay Down" (Edit Version) – 3:57
#"Everybody Lay Down" (Album Version) – 4:25

## References
Protocol stack

]]
A  **protocol stack** is a part of an operating system (OS) or device that is used to communicate with other things.  

Computers communicate in many ways.  A mobile phone contains several protocol stacks.  There are protocol stacks in a mobile phone for handling voice calls, for Bluetooth, for Wi-Fi, and for USB.  There is a protocol stack used when reading a webpage on Wikipedia.  

Sometimes the protocol stacks work together. An example of this is when a person uses a Bluetooth headset for a voice call. One stack is used for the phone to communicate with the headset. Another stack is used to make the voice call.  The Bluetooth headset or earbud has its own bluetooth protocol stack.  

The protocol stacks are used to send and receive information.

Each layer of the protocol stack handles a different part of the communication.  There is a protocol stack with many different layers that are used to send and receive data.   When two things communicate with each other in a standard manner, this is known as a protocol.

Some layers within the protocol stack will work on *reliability.* They will send a message again if the first message was lost in communication.  

Some layers will provide *compatibility.* They will let data to be communicated in different ways, like over Wi-Fi or over a network wire, but the layers above don't need to know what way is being used.   And whether wifi or wired - those layers don't need to know if it is carrying text in a wikipedia page, or perhaps the data in a picture.  They let different types of data to be communicated in a standard manner.  

Layers often handle a series of chunks of data. Some layers split the data into smaller chunks when sending it. This is called *fragmentation.* When the data is received, another layer puts the smaller chunks back together to form larger chunks or media streams. This is called *reassembly*.  

Some layers may encrypt the data when it is sent. This is done so it cannot be read. A layer at the receiving side will remove the encryption, known as decryption. Secret keys are used to encrypt and decrypt the data. 

The OSI model is a common way to think about protocol stacks.
Blac Elvis

**Elvis Williams** (born 12 April 1981), better known as **Blac Elvis**, is an American record producer. He rose to fame in 2005 co-producing with Polow da Don. Producing hits for Ludacris, Ciara, Kelly Rowland, Fergie, Rich Boy, Kelis, Nelly, Pussycat Dolls and Mario. He produced and co-wrote Beyoncé's hit single "Ego". Now he and his business partner, Grammy Award-winning songwriter/producer Harold Lilly, have launched their own record label called Mars On Sunday.

He has produced top 40 hit singles for Fergie ("London Bridge" and "Glamorous"), Ciara ("Promise"), Kelly Rowland ("Like This"), Mario ("Crying Out For Me"), Beyoncé ("Ego") and for Usher ("Lil Freak").

## References
1998–99 Austrian Cup

The **1998-99 Austrian Cup**  was the cup competition in Austrian football. SV Ried were the defending champions. 
## Round 2 
First round with teams from the first and second league.

## Round of 32
## Round of 16
## Quarter-finals
## Semi-finals
## Final
|  style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|

|}

## Top goalscorers
## References
Ziarat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

**Ziarat** is a valley located in Lower Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Its coordinates are 35° 40' 26" North, 71° 55' 28" East.

## Educational institutions
*Govt Higher Secondary School

## Related pages
*Laspur
*Orghoch
*Gahirat

## References
Johntá Austin

**Johntá Austin** (born June 28, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter who won two Grammy Awards on Jermaine Dupri's So So Def Recordings.

## History
Austin grew up in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1989, at the age of eight, Austin hosted the daily television show, ''Kid's Beat* on CNN. Covering current events, sports and the world of entertainment, Austin went on to become the Atlanta Bureau Chief for the CNN weekly news program, *Real News for Kids* and the reporter for the TBS half hour weekly, *Feed Your Mind*. Austin grew up singing in church choirs and wanted to become an actor, interviewing celebrities like Michael Jackson and Michael Jordan, among others. In 1993, he made his television debut on *The Arsenio Hall Show'', where he admitted he loved to sing and was offered to sing with Arsenio Hall's band.

He was originally signed in the mid-late '90s to RCA Records before being succeeded by R&B singer Tyrese Gibson. However, he ended up writing a few songs for him (including the hit "Sweet Lady") as well as writing for other artists.

Austin has been extremely busy and successful during the past several years. He co-wrote Mariah Carey's hit 2005 singles, "We Belong Together", "Don't Forget About Us", "It's Like That", and "Shake It Off" from her album *The Emancipation of Mimi*. Austin also co-wrote Mary J. Blige's single "Be Without You" from her #1 selling CD "The Breakthrough" and Monica's single "Everytime Tha Beat Drop" from her album *The Makings of Me*. He also appears as a guest artist on Jermaine Dupri's 2005 song "Gotta Getcha" and has co-written a few songs on Chris Brown's self-titled debut album in 2005, as well as Marques Houston's "Can I Call You" from her debut album in 2003.

Austin produced and was featured on the songs "Shortie Like Mine" and "Outta My System," both singles by rapper Bow Wow from his album *The Price of Fame*. Both songs were successful, "Shortie Like Mine" peaking at number 9, and "Outta My System" peaking at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The release of his debut album, *Love, Sex & Religion*, has been repeatedly delayed, due in part to So So Def changing its affiliation from Virgin Music to Island Records. 
## References
I Love It (Kanye West and Lil Pump song)

"**I Love It**" is a trap song by American rappers  Lil Pump and Kanye West. The song has guest vocals from comedian Adele Givens. It was released as a single on September 7, 2018. It is on Lil Pump's second studio album, *Harverd Dropout*. The song has sexual lyrics. Because of this, it premiered at the 2018 Pornhub Awards. The song was produced by West, as well as DJ Clark Kent and Lil Pump's collaborator, CBMix.

## References
Tales from the Punchbowl

***Tales from the Punchbowl*** is the fourth studio album by Primus. Primus is an American rock band. The album was released on June 6, 1995. It was released again in 1996. 

The album went to number eight on the *Billboard* 200, an American music chart. It is the band's last studio album to get an RIAA certification. It is certified gold by the RIAA. 

## Track listing 
## References
Ussuriysk

**Ussuriysk** () is a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is in the fertile valley of the Razdolnaya River. It is  north of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai. It is about  from both the China–Russia border and the Pacific Ocean. Population: 

It used to be named **Nikolskoye** (until 1898), **Nikolsk-Ussuriysky** (until 1935), and **Voroshilov** (until 1957). It was named Ussuriysk in 1957.

## Demographics 
Ethnic groups (2010):

* Russians – 91%
* Koreans – 3%
* Ukrainians – 2.4%
* Tatars – 0.5%
* Others – 3.1%

## Architecture and monuments 
The central part of the city, including Lenina, Chicherina, Krasnoznamyonnaya, and Ageyeva Streets, is of historic value. On the central square there is a monument to the Red Guards and partisans, who died in the battles at Ussuriysk in June 1918. A monument to Vladimir Lenin is on the Railway Station Square. Steam locomotive YeL 629 is set on plinth as a memorial to three Bolshevik revolutionaries (Lazo, Lutsky, and Sibirtsev) who were allegedly burned alive by the White Guards in its firebox in 1920.

## Notable people 
* Aleksandr Dvornikov (born 1961), army general

## Twin towns and sister cities 
Ussuriysk is twinned with:

*  Mudanjiang, China
*  Changwon, South Korea

## References 
;
Poverty porn

slum in Mumbai, India, was featured in the 2008 film *Slumdog Millionaire*.]]
**Poverty porn**, **pornography of poverty**, **development porn**, **famine porn**, or **stereotype porn**, is a type of media that uses a place's bad conditions. The bad conditions create sympathy and this sympathy can then be used to get money. This money will then go to charities or another type of cause. Poverty porn is also a word that can be used to criticize movies that objectify people in poverty for the sake of entertaining a watcher.

## In politics 
In western culture, "poverty porn" is often used in politics as well. Some political parties may use it as a way to purposefully make misleading impressions of the lives of the poor. Other political parties use this term as the result of the welfare state.

## In popular culture 
Poverty porn is often used modern pop culture. The idea of poverty porn has become popular in many movies and TV shows.

### Reality TV 
The British television program *The Hardest Grafter* uses Poverty Porn this when it shows 25 of Britain's "poorest workers,". All of these workers have the shared objective of winning £15,000. They win this money through doing different tasks. Some sources say that this television show can be perverted and discriminatory. This is because the members of the show can only be poor.
* *Slumdog Millionaire*
* *Nomadland*

## References
Tricky Stewart

**Christopher "Tricky" Stewart** (born January 4, 1974) is an American songwriter, music producer, music publisher, executive producer, recording industry executive and recording studio owner. In a career that spans 30 years, Stewart, at the helm of his company RedZone Entertainment, is responsible for more than 25 million records sold. He is known for producing many chart-topping pop and R&B singles, such as Beyoncé's "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", Britney Spears's "Me Against the Music", Mýa's "Case of the Ex", Rihanna's "Umbrella", Mary J. Blige's "Just Fine", Mariah Carey's "Touch My Body" and "Obsessed", Jesse McCartney's "Leavin'", Justin Bieber's "Baby", Ciara's "Ride", Nicole Scherzinger's "Your Love" and many others.

## References
OMG Tour

**OMG Tour** was a concert tour. It was the third one by American recording artist Usher. The tour, which visited North America, Asia, Europe and Australia, accompanies his sixth studio album, *Raymond v. Raymond* (2010), as well as his first extended play, *Versus* (2010). In late 2011, the tour was ranked seventh on Billboard's annual, "Top 25 Tours", earning nearly $75 million from 73 shows.
## Background
In the summer of 2010, Usher competed in a dance battle against fellow R&B artist Chris Brown at the Reggae Sumfest. The battle sparked an Internet buzz about the two possibly going on tour. This was further pushed by producer Jermaine Dupri alluding that the two artists may not be aware of this upcoming tour. The singers later took to Twitter to ask who the fans would like to see them perform with. On September 8, 2010, the singer announced his tour trip (and revealed that he was going solo) across North America. Due to demand many additional stops were added in Europe and Australasia. It is Usher's first arena tour since The Truth Tour in 2004. Introducing the tour, Usher said, "Live performance has always been my thing. It's my purpose to master and capture the moment every time I have you connected. For me, I wanted to make sure that it was state of the art. I wanted to make sure that, in comparison to the other shows that are going on around the world, you get the type of experience that leave you saying, 'OMG.' [...] The look of the tour, it's a little futuristic but enough to capture your attention and leave you saying, 'OMG.' That's the whole point. With an incredible record, I wanted to also leave a great impression.

## References
The Way (Ariana Grande song)

**"The Way"** is a song recorded by American singer and actress Ariana Grande. It features rapper Mac Miller. The song is from Grande's first studio album *Yours Truly*. It reached the Top 10 in The United States and United Kingdom. It was Grande's first successful song.

## Track listings
* **Digital download**
# "The Way"  – 3:46
# "The Way"  – 3:46
* **CD single**
# "The Way"  – 3:48
# "The Way" – 3:10

## References
Anti-Hero (song)

"**Anti-Hero**" is a pop song by Taylor Swift. It was released on October 21, 2022. It is from Swift's tenth studio album, *Midnights*. The song's lyrics are about depression and self-loathing. This is because the song is inspired by Swift's nightmares and problems with self-loathing. It reached the top 10 on music charts in 38 countries and became Swift's ninth US number-one song. It broke the global and US records for the most streams for a song's first day on Spotify.

## References
Bill Bottrell

**Bill Bottrell** (born 27 October 1952) is an American record producer, songwriter and musician, probably best known for his Grammy Award-winning collaboration with Sheryl Crow.

During the late 1980s, Bottrell worked with a number of major recording artists, including Madonna and Michael Jackson. In the early 1990s he formed his own recording studio and founded a musical "think tank" he called the "Tuesday Night Music Club". One of the resulting acts was Sheryl Crow, whose 1993 debut album (produced by Bottrell) was titled *Tuesday Night Music Club*. Her single "All I Wanna Do" from that album won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year for Bottrell and Crow.

Bottrell has worked with many other artists, including Alisha's Attic, Rosanne Cash, Thomas Dolby, Five For Fighting, Lisa Germano, Kevin Gilbert, Shelby Lynne, Linda Perry, Tom Petty, and Toy Matinee.

## Other websites
*Bill Bottrell official website
Christopher Neil

**Christopher Neil** (born 1948) is a British-Irish record producer, active during the 1980s and 1990s. 

He has worked with Sheena Easton, a-ha,  Dollar, Paul Nicholas, Kim Criswell, Morten Harket, Mike + The Mechanics, Johnny Logan, Marillion, The Moody Blues, The Other Ones, Paul Carrack, Marillion, Edyta Górniak and most of all, Celine Dion. 

He is the lead singer of the mid-1960s Manchester group The Chuckles.

## References
Batwheels

***Batwheels*** is an American computer-animated superhero children's television series that premiered on September 17, 2022, on HBO Max, and on October 17, 2022, on Cartoon Network's preschool block, Cartoonito. 

## References
Cornufer boulengeri

The **Kandrian wrinkled ground frog**, '''Boulenger's wrinkled ground frog** or **Boulenger's Platymantis'* (*Cornufer boulengeri'') is a frog. It lives on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea.  People have seen it as high as 1500 meters above sea level.

## References
Sean Garrett

**Garrett Robin Hamler**, better known by his stage name **Sean Garrett**, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer.

Garrett is responsible for a series of chart-topping compositions, most notably "Yeah!" by Usher, Ciara's breakout song "Goodies", Teairra Mari's first single "Make Her Feel Good" and Chris Brown's first single "Run It!". He is in a production duo with Swizz Beatz, and together they produced several Beyoncé singles: "Diva", "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", "Upgrade U" and "Check on It". He also often writes over productions by Polow da Don. 

Garrett has also recently embarked on a career as a performer. He wrote and co-produced his own single "Grippin'". http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendID=128525583  His first album *Turbo 919* was released June 24, 2008 on his own record label "Bet I Penned It Music".

Garrett's catchphrase appears on several songs he has produced, called "Smash on the radio, bet I penned it." Also, Sean Garrett has become good friends with Ludacris, who has collaborated on Garrett's first single from *Turbo 919*, "Grippin'". In return, Garrett was featured on Ludacris' "What Them Girls Like" with Chris Brown, the first single off *Theater of the Mind*. He worked on Ciara's third studio album *Fantasy Ride* in early 2009.
Children's television series

'' is one of the highly-known children's television series on television.]]
'''Children's television series** (also known as **children's television programs** outside North America, **children's television programmes** in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and **children's television shows''') are television programs designed for children, normally scheduled for broadcast during the morning and afternoon when children are awake. They can sometimes run during the early evening, allowing younger children to watch them after school. The purpose of these shows is mainly to entertain or educate. The children's series are in four categories: those aimed at infants and toddlers, those aimed at those aged 6 to 11 years old, those for adolescents and those aimed at all children.

## History
Children's television is nearly as old as television itself. The BBC's ''Children's Hour'', broadcast in the UK in 1946, is generally credited with being the first TV programme specifically for children.

Television for children tended to originate from similar programs on radio; the BBC's ''Children's Hour* was launched in 1922, and BBC School Radio began broadcasting in 1924. In the US in the early 1930s, adventure serials such as *Little Orphan Annie'' began to emerge, becoming a staple of children's afternoon radio listening.

## References
Slow Down (Larry Williams song)

"**Slow Down**" is a 1958 song by Larry Williams and was only released along with *Dizzy, Miss Lizzy*. Both songs were covered by The Beatles.

## The Beatles rendition
In 1964, The Beatles released a cover version of Slow Down as a B-side to their single *Matchbox*. It went to number 25 in the United States.
Lignite

**Lignite**, often called **brown coal**, is a soft sedimentary rock. It is brown in color and combustible. The rock is created from naturally  peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35%. It is thought to be the lowest rank of coal. This is because of its low heat content. Lignite has a  high amount of moisture when it is taken from the ground. This can explain its low carbon content. The rock is mined all around the world. It is mostly used as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

The combustion of lignite makes less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur that come out than other types of coal. Because of this, environmentalists have said that lignite is the worst coal for human health. Many different toxic heavy metals can also be in lignite. These are left over in the coal fly ash made from its combustion. This causes more health .

## Uses 
Most lignite is used to make electricity. It is also used in agriculture, in industry, and, as **jet**, in jewelry.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Geography in action – an Irish case study 
* Photograph of lignite 
* Coldry:Lignite Dewatering Process
Sober (song)

"**Sober**" is a power pop song by American singer-songwriter Pink. It was released on November 3, 2008. It is from her fifth studio album, *Funhouse*. The song's lyrics are about sobriety. They are also about the vices different people choose. The song's backstory is about Pink being at a party that she did not want to be in. It was written by Pink and Kara DioGuardi. Danja and Marcella Araica also helped write it.

## References
Barbie Dreams

"**Barbie Dreams**" is a hip hop song by Nicki Minaj, released on August 14, 2018. It is from her fourth studio album, *Queen*. Barbie Dreams heavily samples The Notorious B.I.G.'s promotional single, Just Playing (Dreams). The song has been dismissed by many critics, due to the lyrics insulting popular male rappers and athletes, who are friends and collaborators of hers, including Kanye West, Eminem, Drake, Young Thug, Future and many others.

## References
Blinken Open Society Archives

**Blinken Open Society Archives** (**Blinken OSA**) is an archival institution in Hungary. 

## Introduction 
It was founded by George Soros in 1995, and opened in 1996 as a department of the Central European University. Originally called Open Society Archives (OSA), in 2015 it was renamed **Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives**.

Its archives are related to post-war European history, the Cold War, the history of the former Eastern Bloc, samizdat, the history of propaganda, human rights, and war crimes. 

Blinken OSA is also a department of the Central European University.

The institution is located in Budapest.

The building now also has a gallery named Galeria Centralis.
## References
That's My Girl

'''That's My Girl'* is an R&B song by Fifth Harmony. It was released on September 27, 2016. It is from their second studio album, *7/27''. The lyrics speak of feminism and female empowerment. It has reached the Top 10 in Belgium and New Zealand. 

## References
Bryan-Michael Cox

**Bryan-Michael Cox** (born December 1, 1977) is an award-winning American songwriter and record producer.

He has co-written and co-produced singles including: Mariah Carey's "Shake It Off"; Tamia's "Still"; Fantasia's "Only One U"; Danity Kane's "Ride For You"; LeToya's "Obvious"; Mary J. Blige's "Be Without You"; Toni Braxton's "Trippin' (That's the Way Love Works)"; and Usher's "Confessions, Pt. 2". Cox has been producing professionally since 1998, receiving his first formal credit on 1999's "Get Gone" by the Houston R&B group Ideal.
## History
Cox was born in Miami and grew up in Houston, where he attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts. While in the eleventh grade, he met and was mentored by Greg Curtis (who produced and co-wrote Keyshia Cole's 2006 hit "Love"). From Curtis, who had a studio in Houston, Cox learned the basic fundamentals of creating songs, including production, using audio equipment, recording, as well as songwriting and structuring.

During his senior year, he was joined at the school by singer Beyoncé and her former Destiny's Child group member LeToya Luckett. His friendship with Beyoncé and her belief in his talent resulted in his first "real" recording session, which consisted of doing three demo songs for the group then known only as "Destiny." Although the songs were never officially released, Cox expressed that the session really led him to know that he wanted to be a professional music producer.

In 1997, he moved to Atlanta to attend Clark Atlanta University (CAU), where he majored in music. However, the mean reason for his move was to get into the music industry. He looked for opportunities within the music industry. Based on information from a campus brochure, he sought out and obtained an unpaid internship with the Noontime production company, to gain experience and opportunities. His hard work paid off as his affiliation with Noontime led him to work with Jagged Edge, which led to him meeting Jermaine Dupri. Cox's relationship with Dupri soon led to producing and writing for Nivea, Monica, Da Brat and Lil' Bow Wow. Though Cox has since co-written and co-produced an extensive body of work (including Hot 100 #1 hits such as Mariah Carey's "Don't Forget About Us" plus Usher's "Burn," "Confessions, Pt. 2" and "U Got It Bad") and won two Grammy awards (for his work on albums by Carey and Usher), Mary J. Blige's "Be Without You" marked his first Hot 100 Top 5 hit without Dupri. 
## References
Sailing the Seas of Cheese

***Sailing the Seas of Cheese*** is the second studio album by Primus. Primus is an American rock band. It was released on May 14, 1991. It was the first album the band made with Interscope Records. It had three singles: "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver", "Tommy the Cat", and "Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers".

The album was certified platinum by the RIAA. It went on the *Billboard* 200, an American music chart. Les Claypool said that *Sailing the Seas of Cheese* is one of his favorite Primus albums.

## Track listing 
## References
Diss (music)

A **diss track** or a **diss song** (diss meaning *disrespect*) is a type of song made to be mean to others. Many times, they are mean to other musicians. Diss tracks are often made because of conflicts. For example, two musicians may have different opinions on something. Because of this, one of them may write a diss track. Diss tracks are most popular in the hip-hop genre.

## Examples of diss tracks
* John Lennon of The Beatles' "How Do You Sleep?" targeted towards Paul McCartney (1971)
* Wild Man Fischer's "Frank" targeted towards Frank Zappa (1980)
* 2pac and The Outlawz' "Hit Em Up" targeted towards Lil' Kim, The Notorious B.I.G. and many others (1996)
* Gwen Stefani's Hollaback Girl targeted towards Courtney Love (2005)
* Nicki Minaj's Roman's Revenge targeted towards Lil' Kim (2010)
* Taylor Swift's Bad Blood targeted towards Katy Perry (2015)
* Kanye West's Famous targeted towards Taylor Swift (2016)
* Taylor Swift's Look What You Made Me Do targeted towards Kanye West, Kim Kardashian, and Katy Perry (2017)
* PewDiePie's Bitch Lasagna targeted towards T-Series (2018)
* Lil Nas X and YoungBoy Never Broke Again's Late to da Party targeted towards Black Entertainment Television (2022)

## References
Daysleeper

"**Daysleeper**" is a 1998 song by alternative rock band R.E.M. and is the leading single from their 11th studio album *Up*. It went to number 1 in Iceland, number 5 in Canada, number 6 in the United Kingdom, number 9 in Belgium, number 12 in Norway, number 15 in Ireland, number 17 in Austria, number 18 in New Zealand and number 57 in Australia, Germany and the United States.

## Track listings
All songs were written by Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe.

**CD**
# "Daysleeper" (Single edit)&nbsp;– 3:31
# "Emphysema"&nbsp;– 4:21
# "Why Not Smile" (*Oxford American* version)&nbsp;– 2:59

**7-inch and cassette**
# "Daysleeper" (Single edit)&nbsp;– 3:31
# "Emphysema"&nbsp;– 4:21

**UK 3-inch CD**
# "Daysleeper" (Single edit)&nbsp;– 3:31
# "Sad Professor" (Live in the studio, Toast, San Francisco, California)&nbsp;– 3:58
Jerry Was a Race Car Driver

"**Jerry Was a Race Car Driver**" is a song by Primus. Primus is an American rock band. The song was released as a single. It was the first single from the band's second album, *Sailing the Seas of Cheese*.

The song was played many times on rock music radio. It went onto *Billboard*'s Modern Rock Tracks music chart in 1991. "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" has been put in many video games, such as ''Tony Hawk's Pro Skater* and *Rock Band 3''.

## Track listing 
# "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" – 3:11

## References
I'd Die to Be with You Tonight

"'''I'd Die to Be with You Tonight'*" is a 1985 song by Australian singer Jimmy Barnes. It is the leading single from his second studio album *For the Working Class Man''. It went to number 7 in Australia and number 16 in New Zealand.

## Track listing
**7" Single (K-9819)**
*Side A "I'd Die to Be with You Tonight" - 3:54
*Side B "Vision" - 3:08

**12" /Maxi (X 14248)**
*Side A "I'd Die to Be with You Tonight" (Extended)
*Side B1 "Resurrection Shuffle" 
*Side B2 "Vision" - 3:08

## References
Alpamysh

**Alpamysh**, also spelled as **Alpamish** or **Alpamis**, is a Turkic epic poem. It is one of the most notable examples of Turkic oral literature.

## References