open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Grimké sisters

Sarah Grimké (1792-1873) and Angelina Grimké Weld (1805–1879), known as the **Grimké sisters**, were 19th-century American Quakers, educators and writers who supported abolitionism and women's rights.

The Grimké sisters were born in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Sarah Moore Grimke was born on November 26, 1792 and Angelina Emily Grimke was born on November 26, 1805. They traveled in the North, talking about their experiences with slavery on their father's plantation. They were often  and laughed at. They both saw that women needed more freedom to help change society. They began helping the women's rights movement.

In 1838, the sisters became the first women to speak at a meeting of the Massachusetts state legislature. They spoke about slavery and abolitionism. People were very shocked. They helped attract thousands of women in New England to the movement. Many came to hear Sarah and Angelina speak at public lectures.

In 1838, Sarah wrote a paper called "Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women." It answered many questions which were asked in a letter by a group of ministers who did not like the sisters because they had stepped out of their "woman's proper ".

When Sarah was 80, she tried to vote.
They lived to see the end to slavery, and the beginning of women's rights.

## References
*Birney, Catherin H.  *The Grimké Sisters.*  Greenwood Publishing Group, 1969.
*Ceplair, Larry, Editor.  *The Public Years of Sarah and Angelina Grimké: Selected Writings 1835 - 1839*.  Columbia University Press, New York, 1989.
**Weld, Angelina Grimké. "Letters to Catharine E. Beecher, in reply to An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism, addressed to A. E. Grimké (1837)."
**Grimké, Sarah.  "Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman," addressed to Mary S. Parker, President of the Boston Female anti-Slavery Society, 1838.
*Faragher, John Mack, Mary Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, and Susan H. Armitage. Out of Many: A History of the American People. 5th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.
*Lerner, Gerda, ''The Grimke Sisters From South Carolina: Pioneers for Women's Rights and Abolition*.   New York, Schocken Books, 1971 and The University of North Carolina Press, Cary, North Carolina, 1998.  
*Willimon, William H.  *Turning the World Upside Down; the story of Sarah and Angelina Grimké.''  Sandlapper Press, 1972.

## Other websites 
*Letters on the Equality of the Sexes; Letters to Catharine E. Beecher  Sunshine for Women, 2000.
*An Epistle to the Clergy of the Southern States , Sarah Grimké, 1836.
*Grimké sisters’ anti-slavery message revived in Massachusetts state house  NECN.com
Mackerel

]]
 in schools for long distances along the coast and other species cross oceans]]

**Mackerel** is a common name given to a number of species of fish. Most mackerel are from the Scombridae family.

They are pelagic fish, found in both temperate and tropical seas. Most live along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment.

Mackerel typically have vertical stripes on their backs and deeply forked tails. They are superb swimmers, but are often eaten by larger predators such as cod, sharks and dolphins.

Mackerel is an oily fish with rich of omega-3. The flesh of mackerel spoils easily, especially in the tropics, and can cause food poisoning. So, it should be eaten on the day of capture, unless pickled in salt, or refrigerated.
Mac Pro

The **Mac Pro** is a workstation computer made by Apple Inc. It is part of the company's Apple Macintosh group of computers. Also, it is the most powerful computer Apple sells. It runs on Intel Xeon microprocessors. It is like the Power Mac G5, which is the computer it replaced. The Mac Pro looks the same and the parts inside the computer can be changed the same, too. There are three other computers sold by Apple that are also called "desktop" computers. They are the iMac, Mac Mini, and Mac Studio.

The first Mac Pro was announced at the 2006 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. The computer used the Intel Woodcrest microprocessor.
## References
Poverty line

The **poverty line**, which is also sometimes called the **poverty threshold**, is the smallest amount of money a person or a family needs to live on; to buy what is needed and is a line which is a gulf between the rich and the poor. It is the imaginary line drawn by the experts which has a particular amount if anybody earn income which is lower than this amount is known as poor and other who earn more than this amount is known as non-poor. People who are below this line are classified as poor. This line is used to decide who can get extra help with things like food, shelter or medical care. There is a poverty line based on the income and another based on consumption levels.

The poverty line is not the same in all countries. It can be decided by the economy. In the United States, the poverty line is different depending on how many people there are in a family. This is because it costs more to buy food and supplies for more people. So, for example, it is higher in a family with eight people than in a family with three people. The poverty line also makes sure the poor and rich are separated immensely. If there were not a poverty line, the distribution of goods to those of whom are actually poor, would decrease.  

## Related pages
*Poverty

## References
Theravada

**Theravada** is the oldest-surviving denomination of Buddhism.

## History of Theravada Buddism 
Theravada was founded in Nepal. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhist practice. For many centuries it has been the main religion of Sri Lanka (now about 70% of the population) and most of continental Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand). Theravada is also practiced  by minorities in parts of southwest China (by the Shan and Tai ethnic groups), Vietnam (by the Khmer Krom),  Bangladesh (by the ethnic groups of Baruas, Chakma, and Marma), Malaysia and Indonesia. 

## Theravada today 
Recently this oldest-surviving denomination of Buddhism gaining popularity in Singapore and the Western world. Today Theravada Buddhists, who are also known as **Theravadins**, number over 100 million worldwide; in recent decades Theravada has begun to take root in the West and in the Buddhist revival in Nepal.

International Buddhist Meditation Center operates in Kathmandu.

## References
Erin (color)

**Erin** is the color halfway between green and spring green on the color wheel. The color *erin* is named after the word *Erin*, a poetic name for Ireland.  

The first written use of *erin* as a color name in English was in 1922.

## Meaning of erin 
* The color Erin represents Ireland.  

## Tones of erin color comparison chart 
## Related pages 
*List of colors

## References
Mac Mini

The **Mac Mini** is a personal computer made by Apple Inc. It is small for a desktop computer, at 6.5&nbsp;inches (16.5&nbsp;cm) square and 2&nbsp;inches (5.1&nbsp;cm) tall. It was introduced on January 22, 2005. The newest model came out on November 2020. It weighs 2.9 pounds (1.31&nbsp;kg). The Mac Mini's power supply is outside of the machine. It is about one third of the size of the computer itself.

The Mac Mini is the first Macintosh desktop to not ship with a keyboard or mouse. Also, it does not come with a display. The Mac Mini is mainly intended for buyers who are "switchers" (users moving from PC/Windows to Mac) who already own a display, USB keyboard and a mouse. Others could easily buy these if needed.

The newest model comes with Apple M1, 8 or 16 GB RAM, 256 GB, 1, 2 or 4 TB solid-state drive. It costs $699.
## References
Taquería

(Mexico).]]
**Taquería** (sometimes misspelled as *taquiria*) is a Spanish word meaning *taco shop*. In some places, means a restaurant specializing in burritos, although tacos and other Mexican dishes are often served as well. The first *taquerías* were people in stalls on the streets, but now many *taquerías* have moved into buildings and become restaurants.
Hellenism

**Hellenism** may refer to:

* Hellenistic art
* Hellenistic period
* Hellenistic Greece
* Hellenistic civilization
* Proper use of the Greek
* Greek people and their culture in general
* Hellenization, the spread of Greek culture over foreign peoples
* Hellenistic philosophy in the Hellenistic period and late antiquity
* Hellenism, a movement in 18th and 19th century England and Germany
* Hellenism, the study of ancient Greece (a scholar in this discipline may be called a *Hellenist*)
Sunshine Skyway Bridge

The (Senator) **Bob Graham** **Sunshine Skyway Bridge**, also known as the **Sunshine Skyway Bridge** or the **Skyway**, is a highway bridge in Tampa Bay, Florida, that crosses 29,040 feet (5.5 miles or about 8.85 km).  Every day, about 50,500 vehicles (cars and trucks) cross over the bridge. The bridge is considered Florida's "*flag bridge*" (Florida's most important bridge).  On May 9, 1980, a  freighter ship, called the MV *Summit Venture*, ran into one of the bridge's supporting columns. 1200 feet (366 meters) of the bridge fell into the water, and 35 people were killed.  The bridge was reconstructed to its current version in 1987.

## Notes
Handbook

1874]]
A **handbook** (sometimes called a *vade mecum* which is Latin for *go with me*) is a pocket book that can be carried at all times. Now however, this term is thought to be very old and is not in normal use any more.

Handbooks may have information about any topic, and are mostly  of information in a special field or about a special . They are not made for reading through from end to end. They are made to have fast  in their area. For example, the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers is a style guide for how to cite works in the MLA way, among other things.
Yasuhiro Yamashita

is one of the most successful judo competitors of all time. He is now an instructor or advisor for many organizations, including: Tōkai University, the International Judo Federation, and the All Japan Judo Federation. He retired from competitive judo on June 17, 1985.  During his remarkable career, he won five gold medals in international competitions.  He won 203 matches in a row without losing (with 7 draws in-between). He received the Japanese National Prize of Honor on October 9, 1984.

Yamashita was in the 1984 Summer Olympics.  He tore a right calf muscle early on.  Even so he made it to the final.  He played the final match against Mohamed Ali Rashwan of Egypt. Yamashita won the final and the gold medal despite his injury. Rashwan did not aim for Yamashita's right leg. Rashwan was given an award from the International Fairplay Committee.

## References
AirPort

**AirPort** and **AirPort Extreme** are local area wireless networking products that are made by the company Apple Inc.

Both the AirPort and the AirPort Extreme can both mean the protocol, the expansion card or the base station.

In Japan, AirPort is called the AirMacAirMac because the name AirPort was taken by I-O DATA .

## References
Frankenstadion

The **Max-Morlock-Stadion** is a football stadium in the southeast of Nuremberg, Germany. Since the 1963/1964 season, the stadium has been the home ground of 1. FC Nürnberg. The stadium has 48,553 seats. During the soccer World Cup 2006, the stadium was called "Frankenstadion".

## Other websites 
* Official website
Texas Christian University

**Texas Christian University** is a private co-ed university in Fort Worth, Texas in the United States.  The school had 8,647 students in 2015. Their athletics teams are called the Horned Frogs.

## References
Atlantic Giant

**Atlantic Giant** is the name of a very large type of pumpkin. The Atlantic Giant pumpkin can grow to be larger than  in diameter. The biggest Atlantic Giant ever grown weighed 2,624 pounds.

## Other websites
*BigPumpkins.com
*Information about specific pumpkins
Predator X

**Predator X** is a giant species of the pliosaur *Pliosaurus funkei*. It was discovered in 2006 by Norwegian scientist, Jørn Hurum. The skull was dug up in 2008 and told a lot about this animal. 

The animal had an estimated bite force that was four times more powerful than that of Tyrannosaurus and 10 times more powerful than any modern predators like the saltwater crocodile and the great white shark. 

This creature measured 49 feet long and weighed 99,000 pounds (49.5 tons). It lived about 147 million years ago and its remains were discovered in the Arctic.
Viral hemorrhagic fever

**Viral hemorrhagic fever** is the name for a number of diseases. They often include fever and bleeding. They are caused by viruses. These fevers are one of the possible causes of the Black Death (most people think it is the bubonic plague).

## References
Pi Day

]]
**Pi Day** or **Pie Approximation Day** is a day when people around the world celebrate the number pi. They also eat pie to celebrate the pun as both words sound the same. Pi Day is held on March 14.

## History
On Pi Day 2004, Daniel Tammet  22,514 decimal digits of π.

On March 14, 2010, Google made a sign celebrating Pi Day, with the word *Google* laid over images of circles and  nothing else but pi symbols

## Related days 
### Tau Day
Tau Day is an unofficial holiday every year since 2010. It is a day to rival, or be against, pi day. Tau day is on June 28, or 06/28 as written in the American date format.

## References
Culture of ancient Rome

depicting Marcus Aurelius in triumph parade]]
 (2nd century AD). The whole mosaic showed them as accompanying gladiator combat and wild-animal events in the arena: from left, the *tuba*, *hydraulis* (water pipe organ), and two *cornua*]]
 (3rd century)]]

**Ancient Roman culture** grew through the almost 1200 years of Rome's civilization. The Romans conquered many people and brought back from their wars many things from each land. Their way of life was a mix of many cultures, influences, and religions. Starting in the 2nd century BC, Greek influence became very important. Architecture, painting, sculpture, laws, and literature grew to a high level. Slaves, and Christians were treated differently by different rulers. Rome was a trading nation which kept military control over a wide range of people, mostly around the Mediterranean.

## Classes 
There were four classes of people in Rome: the aristocrats, the equestrians, the common citizens, and the slaves. The aristocrat class had about 300 families, mostly senators. The aristocrat class was very powerful. The equestrians or “equites” were merchants, government builders, and bankers who were usually less rich. Its alphabet was based on the Etruscan alphabet, which was in turn based on the Greek alphabet.  The Romans wrote plays.  The Romans were usually practical, and kept the Grecian culture alive.  Out of Latin came Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Italian. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread Latin throughout Europe. Vulgar Latin evolved into dialects in different locations, gradually changing into the distinct Romance languages.

### Architecture 
The Romans built great roads and bridges.  Many of the aqueducts they made are still there and used.  They also used domes and arches in many of their biggest buildings.  Their buildings were decorated with mosaics on the floors, and mural paintings done directly on the walls.  

Rome had the first hospitals in the Western World.  They also had the first system of state medicine for poor people.

They were influenced by Etruscan and Greek music. What the Romans sang simply followed the natural melody of the song..

## References 
## Related pages
* Ancient Rome
* Roman Empire
* Clothing in Ancient Rome
Computer Algebra System

A **computer algebra system (CAS)** is a large computer program that helps people with mathematics and algebra.  It changes and moves around (manipulates) mathematical equations and expressions containing numbers and symbols called variables. Variables can stand for known or unknown values that can be solved for, or can be replaced with any value. It always keeps the formula exactly the same mathematically as the original equation or expression, unless it is being transformed, by a transformation algorithm.

A CAS might be used for integration or differentiation (and other calculus transformations), simplification of an expression (making it smaller and/or simpler), optimizing and finding the minimum and maximum values of results or variables, etc.  Most have the ability to plot functions and expressions for visualization, which can be helpful and educational too.

## Symbolic capabilities
Computer algebra systems can be special purpose, focusing on only a few types of symbolic math, to very large, general purpose programs that do almost everything (for example, the free CAS Maxima, which is the oldest CAS that is still under development).  The results output by a good computer algebra system are often exact, simple, and generalized to work in all possible cases.  Computer programs do have bugs, so important results should always be verified for correctness.

## Numeric capabilities
Modern computer algebra systems often include extensive numeric capabilities for convenience and which fit together with its symbolic abilities.
Numeric domains supported often include real, complex, interval, rational, and algebraic numbers.

Usually floating point arithmetic is available to use if desired, because the arithmetic is done by most computer hardware very quickly.  The down-side of floating point arithmetic is that it is not always exact, and is mostly useless for rocket science, because of only 14 decimal digits of accuracy (with double precision floats), and because of a growing round-off error with each calculation, sometimes even less digits are accurate.  Rational number arithmetic is exact if all numbers are rational.  Interval arithmetic can be used to easily calculate the total possible error of an inexact arithmetic system.  Complex number arithmetic is generally supported by allowing the imaginary unit (i) in expressions and following all of its algebraic rules.

## Related pages
*Graphing calculator

## References
A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin

'''''A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin'''* is a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, the writer of *Uncle Tom's Cabin*. She was trying to show that the stories she wrote about slaves in *Uncle Tom's Cabin* were true. However, later studies showed that Stowe had actually read lots of the books she wrote about in *A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin* after she had published her novel. It was first published in 1853 by Jewett, Proctor & Worthington.

## References 
* Otter, Samuel. "Stowe and Race."  *The Cambridge Companion to Harriet Beecher Stowe*. Ed. Cindy Weinstein. Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl). Cambridge, England: Cambridge UP, 2004. 15-38.
* Stowe, Harriet Beecher. *A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin; Presenting the Original Facts and Documents Upon Which the Story Is Founded. Together with Corroborative Statements Verifying the Truth of the Work*. Boston & Cleveland, OH: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, 1852.

## Other websites 
* Full text of *A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin*  (1854 edition) at the electronic text center of the University of Virginia. It is part of "*Uncle Tom's Cabin'' and American Culture: A Multimedia Archive"  directed by Stephen Railton. Accessed July 22, 2006.
Epistaxis

**Epistaxis** is when blood comes out of the nose. It is more commonly known as a **nosebleed** in the very easy-known form. 

Even though nosebleeds can seem scary due to hurtness, they are usually not serious or life threatening. Most nosebleeds happen in the front of the nose, and these are called *anterior nosebleeds*. Sometimes, people get nosebleeds in the back of their noses, called *posterior nosebleeds*. These are more serious, and somebody who has one may have to go to the hospital.

Nosebleeds are more frequent during the winter months. During this time, more upper respiratory infections occur and changes in temperature and humidity are larger.

## Causes
 child in the Hungary]]

Most nosebleeds are caused by one of the following:
* Blunt trauma: Usually a punch to the nose.
* Nose-picking
* Injury: A minor injury to the nose, such as a bump or blow, can cause a nosebleed.
* Gun in the mouth: Although it's also often used in a suicide way when pulling the trigger.
They can also be caused by a reaction to something in the environment.

## Dealing with a nosebleed
Many people tilt their heads back during a nosebleed, but this is actually not safe because it can make blood go down their throats and make them choke or get sick. 

Instead, the best way to deal with a nosebleed is to tilt the head forward and pinch the bottom of the nose, between the nostrils with a wet piece of tissue paper. 

## References
Jeong Yak-yong

**Jeong Yak-yong**, also called **Jeong Yag-yong**, was a Korean philosopher in the Joseon Dynasty. He was also a thinker in the "Practical Learning", (silhak).

## Life 
Jeong was born, and died in Namyangju, Gyeonggi province.

### Government service 
Jeong served the government most of his whole life. He watched over the building of Hwaseong fortress in Suwon in the 1790s. In 1794, he was the secret royal  of Gyeonggi province, and he checked and looked for the bad behaving officials. This later  his writings.

## Names 
At different times in his life, Jeong had many kinds of *ho*, or pen names. The most famous name was Dasan, which meant "tea mountain."  Jeong used it while in his exile near a mountain of the same name, in Gangjin County, on the coast of South Jeolla province. Other pen names of his include Sammi (삼미/三眉), Yeoyudang (여유당/與猶堂), Saam (사암/俟菴), Jahadoin (자하도인/紫霞道人), Tagong (탁옹/籜翁), Taesu (태수/苔叟), Munamirin (문암일인/門巖逸人), and Cheolmasancho (철마산초/鐵馬山樵).

At birth, his father gave Jeong the name Gwinong, (귀농/歸農). Gwinong meant "returning to the land." As a Roman Catholic, Jeong had the baptized name John, or 요한 (Yohan), in Korean.

After his death, the King gave Jeong the special name Mundo (문도/文度).  *Mun* meant writing or literature, and *do* meant law.

## Print 
* 
* 
* 

## Online 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
*
Maru (cat)

**Maru** (24 May 2007 – 6 September 2025) was a famous cat on the internet. He was from Japan and he was famous for sliding on his belly. A lot of people like to watch videos of Maru and look at pictures of him on his website. Maru also has a friend named Harry, who is a hedgehog.

Maru died on 6 September 2025 in Japan from lung cancer at the age of 18.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Maru's website
* Maru's gallery application for Android
Southern corroboree frog

The **southern corroboree frog** (*Pseudophryne corroboree*) is one of two species of **corroboree frog** (*Pseudophryne pengilleyi*). The other is the northern corroboree frog. The southern corroboree frog is a very small frog with warning colouration. It has black and yellow stripes, sometimes with a greenish tinge. It is one of the brightest frogs in the world.

It only lives in an area of about  Scientists believe that the total population of corroboree frogs is less than 250. They mainly eat bugs, like ants, beetles and mites. They have a very different breeding cycle to most other frogs. Most frogs breed in spring, but these frogs only breed in summer during January and February. They use the wet areas to dig small holes for their mating and nesting.

## Conservation 
The southern corroboree frog is Australia’s most endangered frog. Scientists have not discovered a reason for the reduction in frog numbers. There are a range of problems that affect the area that they live in. Increased access by people with four-wheel drive vehicles and the development of ski resorts are destroying their habitat. Global warming is also a big problem for them, because they are used to the cold. Global warming may shorten the frog's breeding time during winter, and also destroy their snowy habitat. Holes in the ozone layer may also be a problem, because when there are holes in the ozone it means that more sun rays hit the ground, and so there is less snow. Disease from funguses can kill lots of the frogs. Erosion and pollution of waterways in which they breed can kill the frogs' eggs. They are also affected by wild pigs which destroy the wetlands.

The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service are now breeding the frogs in laboratories, and then releasing them into the wild when they are fully grown. After the bushfires in the summer of 2002 and 2003 all the eggs in the wild were collected and taken to the Melbourne Zoo for hatching.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rick Hendrick

**Joseph Riddick Hendrick III** (born July 12, 1949) is the owner of the NASCAR race team Hendrick Motorsports. In the time that he has owned the team, he and his team have won ten Sprint Cup series championships.

## References
Internal pudendal artery

The **internal pudendal artery** goes in the pelvis and in the perineum (the area between the legs of a person). It is an important blood vessel for supplying blood to the perineum. It is different in women and in men. 

The artery has a lot of branches. Branches are smaller arteries which start from the "parent" artery. In men, it has branches going to muscles, the penis and the urethra (the tube which urine passes through). In women, it has branches going to the labia and the clitoris.

## References
Daxter

***Daxter*** is a PlayStation Portable (PSP) video game by Ready at Dawn. It was given with a limited edition PSP Slim & Lite. As part of the *Jak and Daxter* series of games, Daxter takes place at the beginning of *Jak II*.

As of June 11, 2008, the game has sold 2.3 million copies.

## Plot
The game takes place in the final months of the two-year gap presented in the opening of *Jak II*, between the moment when Jak is taken prisoner by the Krimzon Guard and the time in which Daxter finally rescues him. The introduction shows Jak being captured, while Daxter manages to escape. Almost two years later (having no luck of rescuing Jak), Daxter has forgotten all about rescuing his friend. An old man named Osmo, whom Daxter meets, hires Daxter as an exterminator. 

After some missions, Daxter finds his friend Jak in a Prison Zoomer and proceeds to chase after it. He is then cornered by Krimzon Guards, but is rescued by Osmo's son, Ximon. Daxter then receives a bug sidekick named Tik. He then goes to Baron Praxis's palace and gets a map of the prison where Jak is being held. When returning back to the extermination shop, Tik is killed by Kaeden, a bitter man who seemingly wants to steal Osmo's shop, but is really working for an evil mastermind. 

When Daxter tries to stop Kaeden from escaping the shop, Kaeden suddenly blows up the shop with a bomb he placed in the shop earlier. Daxter and Osmo survive, and Daxter promises to stop Kaeden, but only after he rescues Jak. He infiltrates The Prison, and rescues Jak. Daxter finds Kaeden, who reveals himself to be a giant insect, but he is defeated by Daxter. The whole game reveals to be a tale which Daxter told Jak, and his friends, at the bar.

## Gameplay
Due to his new job, Daxter now has an electro-swatter, which acts as his melee weapon, and an extermination tank, which sprays bug spray (Which many have confused with Green Eco) to stun enemies. The tank eventually receives several modifications, including doubling as a type of jet-pack that allows Daxter to fly, flamethrower capabilities, and an ultrasonic attachment. The flamethrower modification allows Daxter to hover higher and longer in jet-pack mode. With the ultra-sonic attachment, Daxter can shoot a projectile resembling a blue grenade that causes high radial damage, but uses one fifth of the player's maximum bug spray.

## Reception and sales
Daxter was very well received by critics. IGN gave it a 9/10 and GameSpot gave it a 9.1/10. It has a 86.2% at Game Rankings. As of June 11, 2008, the game has sold  2.3 million copies.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official North American website
Symphony of Destruction

"**Symphony of Destruction**" is a heavy metal song written and performed by American metal band Megadeth. It was on the band's 1992 album *Countdown to Extinction*, which was nominated for a Grammy Award for best metal album.  It appeared in the video game Guitar Hero. 

## References
Goldsmith

A **goldsmith** is a person who makes objects using gold or other precious metals.

5,000 years ago, ancient Sumerians made bowls out of gold.  People have long used gold for making jewelry or sacred objects used in religious worship. 
In medieval Europe goldsmiths often acted as bankers.

Goldsmiths use methods such as soldering, sawing, forging, casting, and polishing to make things out of gold. Goldsmiths traditionally teach their trade to apprentices.  Today, jewelry arts schools teach goldsmithing and other similar skills.

## Well known goldsmiths 
* Paul de Lamerie
* Paul Storr
* Lorenzo Ghiberti
* Benvenuto Cellini
* Johannes Gutenberg
* House of Fabergé

## Related pages
* Old master print
* Engraving
* Jewelry
* Metalworking
Regions of Chile

Chile is divided into 15 regions (in Spanish, *regiones*; singular *región*), which are the first-level administrative division in the country. Each region is ruled by an intendant (*intendente*), designated by the President, and a body elected indirectly known as regional board (*consejo regional*).

Regions are divided into provinces (second-level administrative division), each of them ruled by a governor (*gobernador*), designated by the President too. There are 54 provinces, in total. Provinces are further divided into communes or *comunas* (third and lowest level administrative division), which are governed by municipalities.

## List of regions
Silhak

**Silhak** (실학) was a Korean teaching. It was very famous in the Joseun Dynasty. *Sil* means "actual" or "practical," and *hak* means "studies" or "learning". It also meant "practical learning", like teaching how to farm and about economy.

## Creation 
Silhak was first made when the Joseon Dynasty was having a hard time, and after Japan had made war with them. The people of Korea were very poor, and their economical situation was not good. Also, all the farmland had grown  and it was very hard to farm. To prevent all of this trouble, instead of learning neo-Confucianism, some philosophers decided that a new education should be made to help the poor, and they named it Silhak.

## Scholars 
*Kim Yuk, 1580–1658, introduced into Korea a new calendar, and supported .
*Yi Su-gwang, 1563–1627, scholar-official who introduced Western science, religion, and social studies to Korea.
*Yi Minseo, son of Yi Su-gwang
*Heo Mok, 1595-1682
*Yu Hyeong-won, 1622-1673, showing what is sometimes called the first generation of Silhak scholars and made a "public land system" where the state would give the land for the farmer to use.
*Yi Seo-woo, 1633-1709,
*Yi Ik, 1681–1764, of the second generation of Silhak scholars, founder of the Gyeongsechiyongpa (경세치용파 經世致用派 School of Administration and Practical Usage), helping economy, and government . This is known as the "equal field system" and was supposed to give enough land for each farmer to live. Yi Ik, different to the neo-Confucians, believed that subjects such as geography and mathematics could be real teachings.
*An Jeong-bok, 1712–1791, student of Yi Ik. 
*Yun Hyu, 1617–1680 
*Park Se-dang, 1629–1703
*Shin hoodam, 1702-1761 
*Park Ji-won, 1737–1805, center of the Iyonghusaengpa (이용후생파 利用厚生派 School of Profitable Usage and Benefiting the People), helped industry, commerce, and the introduction of foreign technology.
*Sin Gyeong-jun, 1712–1781 
*Wi Baek-gyu, 1727–1798 
*Hong Dae-yong, 1731–1783, was a person who studied the space. 
*Yi Deok-mu, 1741–1793 
*Pak Je-ga, 1750–1815, was a part of the Northern School of Silhak and was particularly angry of the civil service tests (kwago), which was made to pick the most  men to serve the government but had become  and allowed unintelligent men into government.
*Kim Jeonghui, 1786–1856, representing the Silsagusipa (실사구시파 實事求是派 School of Seeking Evidence) 
*Jeong Yak-yong, 1762–1836 (informally known as "Dasan"), leading the third wave of Silhak. Like a number of other Silhak scholars, he was interested in some Christian ideas. He suggested a "village land system," in which the village would hold its land in common and farm the land as a whole, while the products of the land would be divided based on the amount of labor. He wrote The Mind  the People (목민심서) and  that a high social class order with the king at the top was not good.

## References 
*Baker D (1999), *A different thread: Orthodoxy, heterodoxy and Catholicism in a Confucian world*, in JHK Haboush & M Deuchler (eds.), **Culture and State in Late Chosŏn Korea**. Harv. Univ. Press, pp.&nbsp;199–230. 
* 
*
Philip Langridge

**Philip Langridge**  (born Hawkshurst, Kent, 16 December 1939 – 5 March 2010) was a British tenor. He sang in many operas. He also sang in many concerts and recitals.

## Life
Langridge studied the violin at the Royal Academy of Music from 1958. Two years later he started singing lessons with Bruce Boyce. 

He gave his first concert in 1961, singing in Handel’s Messiah at Surbiton. He sang in the John Alldis Choir, and in the chorus at Glyndebourne Opera. Soon he was singing many solo roles in operas.

Langridge had a very good sense for drama as well as an excellent singing voice. He sang a wide variety of roles including parts in operas by Claudio Monteverdi, Mozart, Ravel, Stravinsky, Janáček, Schoenberg and, especially, Benjamin Britten. Later in life he sang just one role from a Wagner opera: the part of Loge in *Das Rheingold*.

Langridge was a fine concert singer. He often sang in the sacred music of Bach and Handel. He was well known for singing the title role in Elgar's oratorio, *The Dream of Gerontius*.

Benjamin Britten wrote much of his vocal music and main operatic roles for his friend Peter Pears. Langridge had the same sort of lyrical tenor voice as Pears, and he became famous for his singing of Britten’s music, e.g. the title role in *Peter Grimes*, Peter Quint in *The Turn of the Screw*, Captain Vere in *Billy Budd* and Aschenbach in *Death in Venice*.

Langridge sang in several operas by Harrison Birtwistle: he sang The Lawyer in the first recording of *Punch and Judy* (1989) and he sang the part of Kong in the first performances of *The Second Mrs Kong* at Glyndebourne in 1994.and Hiereus in *The Minotaur* at the (Royal Opera House in 2008). April 2008) 

Langridge was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services to music in 1994. He was married twice.  His second wife was the Irish mezzo-soprano Ann Murray.

Langridge died of cancer in 2010.

## References
* Philip Langridge, Obituary, The Independent, 10 March 2010
Dan Savage

**Dan Savage** is a gay American columnist, journalist and media pundit. Savage has a column on sexuality called "Savage Love" that appears in many newspapers, especially alternative weekly newspapers. He is a strong supporter of same-sex marriage, the right of gay men and women to marry people of the same sex. He has opposed bans on sex toys in states such as Alabama or Mississippi. Savage also opposes the war on drugs. He started the It Gets Better Project in 2010 with his husband Terry Miller. He has written six books.

## References
## Other websites
*Dan Savage's Column: Savage Love
*Savage podcasts
Baking

**Baking** is a way of cooking food, and also a skill. Baking generally uses an oven, but it can also be done in hot ashes, or hot stones.  

## Uses 
### Baked goods 
Baking is used for making bread, cakes, pastries, pies, , cookies, and other sweet things. These foods, when made by baking, are called "baked goods". Baked goods are sold at a . A person who makes baked goods as a job is called a baker. 

### Other uses 
It is also used for making baked potatoes, baked apples, baked beans, some  and pasta dishes such as , and various other foods, such as the pretzel. None of these are called baked goods.

## Ingredients 
Flour, water, milk, brown sugar, and white sugar are common ingredients in baked goods. So are leavening agents, which produce gas that becomes trapped in the dough. This makes the dough rise. Common leavening agents include baker's yeast, baking soda, or baking powder. 

Shortening is also needed. It makes doughs more easily workable, and the bread that comes out in the end is more soft and tender. Shortening includes fats and/or oils. Additionally, egg whites are used to help create a light, airy .

These are all mixed together to create dough or batter, which is then put into a pan or a cooking sheet and baked.

## History 
 putting bread into an oven]]

### Ancient history 
The first baking happened in ancient history, when humans took wild grass grains and soaked them in water. They mixed everything together and mashed it. After that, this mixture was poured onto a flat, hot rock, and roasted on hot . This new way of making bread was much easier than the older ways, because bread could be made any time there was fire. 

### Greeks & Egyptians 
By around 2500 BC ancient Egyptians had bread. They may have learned how to make it from the Babylonians. 

Around 400 BC, ancient Greeks began to make tarts with patterns and honey. Dispyrus, another type of baked good, was also made by the Greeks around that time. It was popular. Dispyrus was a donut-like bread made from flour and honey and shaped in a ring. Soaked in wine, it was eaten when hot. The first  of stone ovens was in Italy, where they made pizza and pasta. 

### The Roman Empire 
Baking was very popular in the Roman Empire. In about 300 B.C., the pastry cook became a special job for Romans (called the *pastillarium*). Romans loved pastries, which were often baked for large parties. 

Baking became so popular during the Roman Empire that anyone who could think of a new kind of pastry was given an award. Around 1 AD there were more than 300 pastry chefs in Rome. 

Because of Rome, the art of baking eventually became known in Europe. It later spread to the eastern parts of Asia. 

Bakers sometimes baked goods at home and then sold them in the streets. In London, chefs sold their baked goods from . In Paris, the first café of baked goods opened. 

Baking became more popular. Cakes can be actually mixed in just a few minutes, with only a small bit of skill needed, and it can be lifted fresh from the oven in less than 30 minutes. A basic loaf of bread may take slightly longer time, but it does not demand a lot of time from the cook.

## References
Battle of Salamis

The **Battle of Salamis** was a naval battle between an Alliance of Greek city-states and the Achaemenid Empire, Persia. It happened in September 480 BC in the straits between the mainland and Salamis Island. It was part of the Greco-Persian Wars.

Although heavily outnumbered, the Greek Allies were persuaded by the Athenian general Themistocles to bring the fleet to battle again.  The Persian king Xerxes also wanted a decisive battle.

The Persian navy sailed into the Straits of Salamis and tried to block both entrances.  The cramped conditions of the Straits created problems for the great Persian numbers, as ships struggled to maneuver and became disorganized.  Seizing the opportunity, the Greek fleet formed in line and scored a decisive victory, sinking or capturing at least 200 Persian ships.

As a result, Xerxes retreated to Asia with much of his army, leaving Mardonius to complete the conquest of Greece. However, the following year, the rest of the Persian army was decisively beaten at the Battle of Plataea and the Persian navy at the Battle of Mycale. Afterwards the Persians made no more attempts to conquer the Greek mainland. These battles of Salamis and Plataea mark a turning point in the Greco-Persian wars; from then on, the Greek cities would take the offensive.

## References
## Other websites
*Battle of Salamis
Lee Joon Gi

**Lee Joon-Gi (이준기)** *(born April 17, 1982, in Busan, South Korea)* is a South Korean actor, model and singer. Lee began his career as a model and held minor roles in Korean dramas. He rose to fame as Gong Gil in "The King and the Clown". As of 2007, Lee is one of the top screen stars in South Korea and in 2008, Lee's noble role as Ryung in the action-romance drama "Iljimae" boomed igniting Lee's overseas popularity, especially in Hong Kong and Thailand.

## Other websites
*Lee Jun Ki Mentor Entertainment  
*Lee Jun Ki Personal Cyworld  
*
Río Cachapoal

**Río Cachapoal** () is a river in Chile. It is in the Region of O'Higgins. The river gives the name to the Province of Cachapoal.

## Cities where it passes 
* Rancagua
* Peumo
* Las Cabras

## References 
* Cuenca del río Rapel 

## Other websites
O'Higgins Region

The '''VI Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region** (), often shortened to **O'Higgins Region''', is one of Chile's 15 first-order administrative divisions. It is named in honour of Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, one of Chile's founders.

The capital and largest city of the region is Rancagua. The second major city is San Fernando.

## History
In 1880, the old "O'Higgins Province" was created with the territory of the present Cachapoal Province. In 1974, with the creation of the Regions of Chile, it became, together with the Colchagua Province, the new **Region VI**, known since then as '''Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region'''.

## Geography
The O'Higgins Region is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean, to the east by Argentina, to the north by the Valparaíso and Santiago Metropolitan Regions, and to the south by the Maule Region.

The main rivers are the Cachapoal and Tinguiririca.

## Population
, there were (estimated) 918,751 persons living in the region, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The largest city in the region is its capital, Rancagua, with 206,971 inhabitants (2002 census). Other cities are San Fernando (49,519) and Rengo (30,891).

## Administration
The O’Higgins region is divided in three provinces: Cachapoal, Cardenal Caro and Colchagua.

## Related pages
*Regions of Chile

## References
## Other websites
* Territorial division of Chile 
*Gobierno Regional de O'Higgins  Official website
Cue stick

A **cue stick** (or simply **cue**), is a kind of stick used for sports like pool, snooker and carom billiards. It is used to hit a ball, normally the *cue ball*. Cues are fixed-up sticks, normally about 58&nbsp;inches (1.5 m) long and 18–21 ounces (510–600 g). Most cues are made of wood, but sometimes the wood is covered with other materials like carbon fiber  or fiberglass. An old term for a cue, used from the 16th to early 19th centuries, is "billiard stick".

## References
Accumulator (computing)

circa 1936. Each of the four registers can store a 10-digit decimal number.]]
The **accumulator** is the register for storing results of operations inside the CPU. Accumulator's name or representation depend upon CPU architecture and manufacturer, for example in intel x86 architecture accumulator's name is AX in 16bits or EAX in 32bits mode. An accumulator is manipulated by machine code or assembly for example assembly code: 

"add ax, 3" add 3 in accumulator register.
OCaml

**Objective Caml** (**OCaml**) is a programming language which is a dialect of ML (programming language). It extends the Caml language so object-oriented programming can be used. 

## Bibliography
* 

## References
## Other websites
* 
* OCaml manual
* OCaml Package Manager
* Real World OCaml
Structured Query Language

**Structured Query Language** (**SQL**) is one of the languages used to view or change data in databases. The statements used in this language are called SQL queries.

Basic use of SQL queries is to:
* Get data from the database (the SELECT command)
* Add data to the database (the INSERT command)
* Change data in the database (the UPDATE command)
* Remove data from the database (the DELETE command)
* Set up the database to hold data (the CREATE and ALTER commands)

## Examples 
This is a simple SQL Query which is used to show all values stored in column named 'my_column' from the data table named 'my_table'. 

```sql
SELECT my_column FROM my_table;
```

Here is an example of inserting new information into a table called 'people.'
The query first specifies the table as 'people', then the columns in which data is going to be inserted into, and the data that is going into these columns. As a result, data will be added into the columns in the same order the column names are listed in the first brackets: (first_name, last_name, age, favorite_food).

```sql
INSERT INTO people (first_name, last_name, age, favorite_food) VALUES ("Bob", "Page", "42", "Hamburgers");
```

In the example below the columns aren't listed. This would result in an attempt to add the data into the table in the order the values are listed.

```sql
INSERT INTO people VALUES ("Bob", "Page", "42", "Hamburgers");
```

Doing the above (without naming the columns) might result in inputting the data in an incorrect column or the statement might not run correctly - when the value types are mismatched (for example trying to input a word into a column storing only numbers).

## References
Russian Premier League

The **Russian Premier League** (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу, *Chempionat Rossii po Futbolu*) is a football league which is the top division in Russia. The league has games every year. The current champions are Zenit St. Petersburg. The team with the most titles is Spartak Moscow (10 titles).

## Clubs 2021–22 
## Results 
### Top League 
### Top Division 
### Premier League 
## Result table 
## Sponsors 
* 1995–97: Stimorol
* 1998–00: Pepsi
* 2006–10: Rosgosstrakh
* 2011–12: Sogaz
* 2014–15: Sogaz
* 2015–2018 : Rosgosstrakh
* 2018– : Liga Stavok

## Related pages
* Russian Women's Football Championship

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* History and statictics
Snow (Hey Oh)

***Snow (Hey Oh)*** is a 2006 alternative rock song by the band Red Hot Chili Peppers the song appears on their ninth album *Stadium Arcadium*. The song was used as the theme song for WWE's WrestleMania XXIV.
Kashmir flycatcher

The **Kashmir flycatcher** (*Ficedula subrubra*) is a small passerine bird in the flycatcher family Muscicapidae.

This species breeds in the northwest Himalayas in the Kashmir region of the Indian subcontinent. It is migratory and spends the winter in the hills of central Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats of India.

This bird eats insects.  It is about  long.  The male has a grey-brown back with an orange-red throat, breast, and sides.  It is bordered with black on the throat and breast. Females and first-winter birds have slightly browner upper parts.  The red of the underparts maybe just light pink.

## References
## Further reading 
* *Birds of India* by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp. 

## Other websites
Calliostoma

The **Top shells** (which are called **Calliostoma**) are marine gastropod molluscs. They can be found world-wide. The name of this genus is derived from the Greek words *kallos* (beautiful) and *stoma* (mouth), referring to the pearly aperture.
Corvette

A **corvette** is a small, manageable and lightly armed war ship. During the Age of the Sail, corvettes were smaller than frigates and larger than sloops-of-war, they had normally a single gun deck. Almost all the modern navies use ships smaller than frigates for coastal duty, but not all of them use the term *corvette* (from the French *corvair*) or equivalent.
Promoucaes

in 1908.]]
**Promoucaes**, Promaucaes, Promaucas or Purumaucas (: wild people); were a pre-Columbian Mapuche tribe that lived in Chile, from the south of the River of Maipo in Santiago, Chile and the River of Itata, (tribes at the north were called *Quillotanes* and *Mapochoes* by the Spanish). They were speakers of Mapudungun like the Moluche and Picunche tribes.

## References
Carey Means

**Carey Means** is an American voice actor. He is best known for voicing Frylock on the Adult Swim program *Aqua Teen Hunger Force*.

## Voice Acting
* Frylock on *Aqua Teen Hunger Force*, *Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters*
* Thundercleese on *The Brak Show*