open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Max Reger

**Max Reger** (born in Brand, Bavaria, 19 March 1873; died 11 May 1916) was a German composer, organist, pianist and teacher.

## Life 
Reger’s father was a schoolteacher who was an amateur musician. When he was a boy Max helped his father to rebuild an organ that was going to be thrown away. This was the instrument on which he learned to play. It was some time before he started proper lessons, but by the time he was a teenager he was playing the organ for church services. When he was 15 he went to Bayreuth to hear Wagner’s operas. This was the moment when Reger decided he wanted to become a musician.

Reger studied music in Munich and Wiesbaden with a famous teacher Hugo Riemann. He composed a lot of music, especially for the organ. His musical style was similar to that of Brahms, but he also learned a lot from the music of Bach, Mendelssohn and Schumann. He liked the symphonic poems of Liszt and these gave him the ideas for writing chorale fantasies for the organ, although he never wrote music that tells a story (programme music).

In 1902, Reger married. He and his wife adopted two children. In 1907, he became professor of composition at the University of Leipzig. He was a very good teacher. He became well-known abroad. He travelled to London where he spent hours in the art galleries. Then he bored his friends by talking all the time about the paintings. He conducted the orchestra at Meiningen, performing works by many composers, especially Brahms, Bruckner and his own.

Reger enjoyed eating and drinking. He regularly went to his local café where he would eat ten large sausages and drink ten glasses of beer. His health got bad, and he died of a heart attack in Leipzig, where he was visiting friends on his way home from the Netherlands.

## Works 
Reger wrote an enormous amount of music, but very little of it is played nowadays. He wrote in a late-Romantic style. He is best remembered for his organ music. He liked to write fugues and sets of Variations. His *Fantasy and Fugue on BACH* is one of the hardest pieces ever written for organ. He wrote a lovely song called *Marias Wiegenlied* (''Mary’s lullaby).
Lisp (programming language)

**Lisp** (used to be called **LISP**) is a programming language. It is among the oldest programming languages that are still used today. Only Fortran is one year older. Lisp was designed by John McCarthy in 1958. The best-known versions of LISP are Common Lisp, Scheme and Clojure. Many concepts that are used in modern programming languages were first created in Lisp.
Linked lists are a very important data structure in Lisp. 
The basic concepts behind Lisp are easy to learn. Logo is another version of Lisp that was made for children. Logo can help young children develop skills and become efficient within the programming language.

## Simple examples (Scheme) 
In Lisp, operations are written in prefix notation, and they start and end with parentheses. For example, the formula \frac{3+5}{4} is written as:

```scheme
(/ (+ 3 5) 4)
; returns 2
```

Because Lisp is a functional language, Lisp programs often use recursion to solve problems. Here is a Scheme program that finds the factorial of a number. The function (factorial n) starts by testing if n=0 or not. If n = 0, then (factorial 0) is 1. If n\neq0, then (factorial n) returns the product of n and the factorial of n-1.

```scheme
(define (factorial n)
    (if
      (= n 0)
      1
      (* n (factorial (- n 1)))))

(factorial 6)
; returns the factorial of 6: 6! = 6*5*4*3*2*1 = 720
```

Linked lists are an important idea in Lisp. The list without any things in it is known as the *empty* or *nil list*, and is written as '(). A list that has things in it is written as '(dog cat). 

The operation car is used to get the first thing of a list. For example,

```scheme
(car '(dog cat fish))
; returns 'dog, which is the first thing in the list
(car '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7))
; returns 1
(car '())
; this code gives an error because the list is empty/nil
```

The operation cdr returns everything in the list except for the first thing.

```scheme
(cdr '(dog cat fish))
; returns '(cat fish)
(cdr '(6))
; returns '(), because there is nothing in the list after the first thing (6)
(cdr '())
; gives an error because the list is empty/nil
```

Here is a hello world program in Scheme:

```scheme
(display "Hello world!")
```
Logo (programming language)

:The article about graphical symbols is at Logo
**Logo** is a programming language that is easy to learn. It is used to teach students and children to program a computer. It was developed to process lists of words. It was like the language LISP.
## History
In 1967, the first Logo ran on a mainframe computer, a machine called a teletype was used to type in and printout the results. There was no screen.

In 1969, it was used to control a Floor Turtle. Commands were added to send the turtle forwards and backwards, and to turn the turtle to left or right. This turtle had pen with different colors. When it moved, it left a trail on the floor.
## Versions
When a new version of Logo was developed to draw graphics on a screen, it used the same commands. This was called Turtle graphics.

There are 170 versions of Logo. Many of them are open source and free. There are three Logo textbooks that can be downloaded free. Logo is usually an interpreted language.

## Examples 
### Hello World 
Load the Logo program. Type the next line in the command box.

 print [Hello World!]

The computer replies.

 Hello World!

### Example Showing Graphics and Functional Programming 
A spiral drawn using recursion. 
Using the editor, type in this new definition.
 to spiral :size
    if  :size > 30 [stop] ; a condition stop
    fd :size rt 15        ; many lines of action
    spiral :size *1.02    ; the tailend recursive call
 end
Type this in the command box.
 spiral 10

On the screen you will see.

## Other websites 
**Logo Programs**
*MSWLogo For Windows
*FMSLogo For Windows
*Berkeley Logo (UCBLogo)
*Microworlds Microworlds, a commercial Logo for Mac and Windows
*Elica  a 3D Logo for Windows
*Lhogho a Logo compiler for Linux and Windows
* Surf Your Logo Code A modern web based Logo interpreter using HTML5 and JQuery.
*MaLT (Machine Lab Turtlesphere) A web based 3D Logo application with the feature of dynamic manipulation (developed in HTML5 & three.js). 

**Online books**
*A Logo Tutorial  for the OLPC project
**The Great Logo Adventure*, Jim Muller A book for children.
**Computer Science Logo Style*, Brian Harvey, MIT Press (3 volumes) , , . Advanced books.

## References
Power transmission

**Power transmission** is moving energy from where it is made to where it is used.

Power is defined formally as units of energy per unit time.
In SI units: 1 watt = 1 joule/s = 1 newton * metre/second (1W=1J/s=1N·m/s).

## Electrical power 
With widespread establishment of power grids, power transmission has came to be associated most often with electric power transmission.  

## Mechanical power 
Electrical power transmission has replaced mechanical power transmission in all but the very shortest distances. From the start of the industrial revolution until the end of the 19th century mechanical power transmission was the norm. Factories were fitted with overhead driveshafts providing rotary power. Drivebelts would provide power to individual machines on the shop floor.

Mechanical power may be transmitted directly using a solid structure such as a driveshaft; transmission gears can adjust the amount of torque or force vs. speed in much the same way an electrical transformer adjusts voltage vs current.

## Chemicals and fuels
Chemical energy is transmitted by moving fuels to generate power in distant places. Pipelines and other large infrastructure projects transport natural gas, petroleum and petroleum products for use as fuel.
Ocean surface wave

**Ocean surface waves** are surface waves that occur in the upper layer of the ocean. They usually result from wind. Some are made by geologic effects like earthquakes or vulcanicity and may travel thousands of miles before striking land. They range in size from small ripples to huge tsunamis. There is little actual forward motion of individual water particles in an unbroken wave, despite the large amount of energy and momentum it may carry forward. When a wave hits shallow water, it "breaks" because the bottom moves more slowly than the top.           
, CA.]]

The vast majority of large breakers that one sees on a coastal beach result from distant winds. Three factors influence the formation of these "**wind waves**":

* Wind speed
* Distance of open water that the wind has blown over.
* Length of time the wind has blown over a given area. 

All of these factors work together to determine the size and shape of ocean waves. The greater each of the variables, the larger the waves. Waves are measured by:

* Height (from trough to crest)
* Wavelength (from crest to crest)
* Period (time interval between arrival of consecutive crests at a stationary point)

Waves in a given area typically have a wide range of sizes. For weather reporting and for scientific analysis of wind wave statistics, their size over a period of time is usually expressed as "significant wave height." This figure represents the average height of the highest one-third of the waves in a given time period (usually twelve hours) or in a specific storm system or event.  Given the variability of wave size, the largest individual waves are likely to be twice the reported significant wave height for a particular day or storm.

## Related pages
* Tidal power
* Wave power

## References 
* "Anatomy of a Wave" Holben, Jay boatsafe.com captured 5/23/06 
* Carr, Michael "Understanding Waves" Sail Oct. 1998: 38-45.
* Rousmaniere, John. *The Annapolis Book of Seamanship,* New York: Simon & Schuster 1989
* National Weather Service

## Other websites 
* Introductory oceanography chapter 10 - Ocean Waves 
* Understanding waves waves, storm, tsunamis, seiches, bores, deadwater, etc. (18pp)
* HyperPhysics - Ocean Waves
* SHOM - in French 
* Water Waves Wiki 
* Wave equation 
* Waverider Buoys for South East Queensland  
* Costalwatch.com : Australian Wave Prediction for Surfers Website
Crest (physics)

A **crest** is the point on a wave with the greatest positive value or upward displacement in a cycle. A trough is the opposite of a crest.

When the crest and the trough of two waves of equal magnitude and frequency intersect or collide when in phase with each other the result is called constructive interference and the magnitudes double (above and below the line), when 180° out of phase the result is destructive interference with each other the resulting wave is the undisturbed line that is in the middle of the diagram having zero amplitude.

In other words, the wave crest is called a **peak**.

## Related pages
* Ocean surface wave

## References
*, 704 pages.
Trough

A **trough** is a box-like drinking vessel for farm animals.  Other senses of the word refer to things that are lower than their surroundings, like a trough:

* Trough (physics)
* Trough (meteorology);
* Trough (geology);
* a **trough** is also a noticeable and statistically recordable decline in an economy or graph.
* in chemistry it can be a Langmuir Blodgett Trough

See also trow.
Nausea

**Nausea** is a general feeling of unease and discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit. The word *nausea* comes from the Latin word for seasickness.

Nausea is a symptom, rather than an illness or disease. The causes for it very often are not in the stomach itself, but somewhere else in the body. Nausea is often caused by a stomach virus. Nausea is usually harmless, in the short term. A good treatment for it can be not to take solid food (and to only drink non-alcoholic drinks, like water). Nausea can also occur during pregnancy, and is quite normal in that context. People can suffer nausea without vomiting.

## References
Anxiety

**Anxiety** is distress or uneasiness of mind caused by a fear of danger or misfortune.  Very often, people with anxiety also feel worries. There can also be physical symptoms, like having a headache or an upset stomach.

Anxiety is a very common human emotion and is often associated with fear, panic, and the fight or flight response. The amount of stress needed to cause anxiety will vary from person to person however, basics include: losing one's job, the death of a loved one, or an accident, to name a few. In most people, anxiety will settle over time and one will return to normal state.

## Related pages 
* Depression (mood)
* Depression (mental illness)
* Existentialism

## References
Wave power

**Wave power** means the use of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work—including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). It makes use of the kinetic energy of the waves that are driven by the wind.

Power from ocean surface wave motion might produce much more energy than tides. Tests have shown that it is possible to produce energy from waves, particularly in Scotland in the UK. But the technology is not as well developed as other renewable energy such as wind power or solar power.

## Other websites 
* Practical Ocean Energy Management Systems Inc Links and discussion 
* An Ocean Wave Energy Converter Using Rotors 
* Oceanography: waves
* "Waves" by Tim Lovett  -- Tables and trivia on waves
* Wave Energy  -- World Energy Council
* Corvallis Gazette Times -- Oregon State University wants to host a national wave research center
Osborne's bull

'''Osborne's bull''' was created as an advertisement for a sherry in 1956. Many people see it as the unofficial image of Spain. The bull is seen in semi-profile. The bulls used today are about 14 metres high, and are made out of about 70 plates of iron. There are many people who think it as a god.
List of bridges in the United States

**List of bridges in the United States** is a work in progress.

*Bayonne Bridge, joins New York and New Jersey
*Brooklyn Bridge, in New York City
*Clark Bridge, joins Illinois and Missouri
*Goethals Bridge, joins New York and New Jersey
*Golden Gate Bridge, in San Francisco, California
*Manhattan Bridge, in New York City
*Bataan-Corregidor Memorial Bridge, in Chicago, Illinois
*Mackinac Bridge, in Michigan
*Outerbridge Crossing, joins New York and New Jersey
*Queensboro Bridge, in New York City
*Rainbow Bridge, joins New York and Ontario, Canada
*Thousand Islands Bridge, joins New York and Ontario, Canada
*George Washington Bridge, joins New York and New Jersey
*Williamsburg Bridge, in New York City
*Zilwaukee Bridge, in Michigan

## Related pages
* List of bridges
Family Jewels

**Family Jewels** is a two disc compilation DVD by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It contains videos from the Bon Scott era to the Brian Johnson era. The compilation was released in 2005.

## Track listing Disc 1 
*Baby, Please Don't Go
*Show Business
*High Voltage
*It's A Long Way To The Top (If You Wanna Rock 'N' Roll)
*TNT
*Jailbreak
*Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap
*Dog Eat Dog
*Let There Be Rock
*Rock 'N' Roll Damnation
*Sin City
*Riff Raff
*Fling Thing/Rocker
*Whole Lotta Rosie
*Shot Down In Flames
*Walk All Over You
*Touch Too Much
*If You Want Blood (You've Got It)
*Girls Got Rhythm
*Highway To Hell

## Track listing Disc 2 
*Hells Bells
*Back In Black
*What Do You Do For Money Honey
*Rock And Roll Ain't Noise Pollution
*Let's Get It Up
*For Those About To Rock (We Salute You)
*Flick Of The Switch
*Nervous Shakedown
*Fly On The Wall
*Danger
*Sink The Pink
*Stand Up
*Shake Your Foundations
*Who Made Who
*You Shook Me All Night Long
*Heatseeker
*That's The Way I Wanna Rock 'N' Roll
*Thunderstruck
*Moneytalks
*Are You Ready
Port Royal

**Port Royal** was a city in Jamaica. It was the focus of trade in Jamaica in the 17th century. It was known for its piracy, but also for the es accumulated, and for the very bad moral values that could be found in the city. An earthquake in June of 1692 largely destroyed the city. Two thirds of the city sank into the Caribbean Sea. Today, the city is covered by at least 8 metres of water. The city is among the most important archaeological sites in the Ocean. Its role as a center for trade was taken over by Spanish Town, Jamaica, and later by Kingston.
Snowmobile

A **snowmobile** is a motorized vehicle used for travelling over snow.  It is like a car, only instead of wheels, it has treads.  Some snowmobiles have skis in the front for steering.  

Adding **snowmobile studs** to the tread decreases the time and distance it takes to stop a snowmobile.  Once you make a decision to stop a snowmobile, the distance it will take to stop will be a combination of the speed of the machine, weight of the machine and the available friction and or the mechanical damping (which will equal the effective drag factor) between the snowmobile and the surface on which it is trying to stop. If the surface is icy or hard-packed, the mechanical damping portion of the effective drag factor is decreased, leaving you with only the friction provided by the tread to stop.

Snowmobile studs made from steel or stainless steel with carbide tips are installed in the tread. The studs are designed for specific terrains in varying lengths, shapes and materials. The studs control acceleration, deceleration and maneuverability. The correct amount and type of stud installed in an effective pattern will produce the best traction results.
The Remo Four

**The Remo Four** were a rock band from Liverpool, England, from the late 1950s and early 1960s, at the same time the Beatles were starting their musical careers.

While the Beatles gained experience performing in Hamburg, Germany, the Remo Four played at American Air Force bases in France. Members of the two bands were friends, and often played at the same places back in Liverpool, or would go to watch each other perform.

After the Beatles became famous under Brian Epstein's management, Epstein signed up the Remo Four also. He worked hard to promote the band, but they never achieved massive success as the Beatles had. Epstein paired the Remo Four with a singer he also managed, called Tommy Quickly. They made a series of singles together, but none became hits. Quickly retired from music, and the Remo Four went on to work with other singers, including Billy J. Kramer. They also released an album, titled *Smile*, on a German record label.

George Harrison was invited to record a movie  in late 1967. Instead of working with the Beatles, he invited the Remo Four to work with him. The movie, *Wonderwall*, got little exposure, but the soundtrack album, *Wonderwall Music*, became a minor hit the next year.
Magnitude (mathematics)

The **magnitude** of a mathematical object is its size: a property by which it can be larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind.

In mathematical language one would say: It is an ordering of the class of objects to which it belongs.

The Ancient Greeks  between several types of magnitude, including:
* (positive) fractions
* line segments (ordered by length)
* Plane figures (ordered by area)
* Solids (ordered by volume)
* Angles (ordered by angular magnitude)

They had proven that the first two could not be the same, or even isomorphic systems of magnitude. They did not consider negative magnitudes to be meaningful, and *magnitude* is still primarily used in contexts in which zero is either the lowest size, or less than all possible sizes.   

## Real numbers 
The magnitude of a real number x is usually called the **absolute value** or **modulus**. It is written as |x|, and is defined by:

:|x|=x\mbox{, if }x\geq0
:|x|=-x\mbox{, if }x

This gives the number's distance from zero on the real number line. For example, the modulus of -5 is 5.

## Vector 
The magnitude of a vector \boldsymbol{v} is called its **norm**, and is usually written as \|\boldsymbol{v}\|.

## Practical math 
A magnitude is never negative. When comparing magnitudes, it is often helpful to use a logarithmic scale. Real-world examples include the loudness of a sound (decibel), the brightness of a star, or the Richter scale of earthquake intensity.

Because magnitudes are often not linear, they usually cannot be added or subtracted in a meaningful way.

## Related pages 
* Order of magnitude

## References
Desalination

**Desalination** means any process that removes the excess salt and other minerals from water in order to obtain fresh water suitable for animal consumption or irrigation. Most desalination is by distillation. Some is by reverse osmosis or other methods.

The main purpose is to make water for people to use. The salt is usually carried away as brine but in some places the solid salt is extracted.

Desalination  of brackish water is done in the United States in order to meet treaty obligations for river water entering Mexico. Several Middle Eastern countries have energy reserves so great that they use desalinated water for agriculture. Saudi Arabia's desalination plants account for about 24% of total world capacity. The world's largest desalination plant is the *Jebel Ali* Desalination Plant (Phase 2) in UAE. It uses multi-stage flash distillation, dual-purpose and it is capable of producing 300 million cubic meters of water per year.

## Methods
#Distillation 
##Multi-stage flash (MSF)
##Multiple-effect (MED|ME)
##Vapor compression (VC)
##Evaporation/condensation
#Membrane processes
##Electrodialysis reversal (EDR)
##Reverse osmosis (RO)
##Nanofiltration (NF)
##Forward osmosis (FO)
##Membrane distillation (MD)
#Cold (freezing)
#thermal
#Solar humidification 
#Methane hydrate crystallisation
#High grade water recycling

The traditional process used in these operations is vacuum distillation — essentially the boiling of water at less than atmospheric pressure, and thus a much lower temperature than normal. Due to the reduced temperature, energy is saved.

## References
## Other websites 
* Middle East Desalination Research Centre 
* Encyclopedia of Desalination and water and Water Resources
* Global Water Intelligence - monthly newsletter featuring 'Desal Project Tracker'
* Water Desalination Report - weekly newsletter on international desal 
* International Desalination Association
* Desalination & Water Reuse - Official magazine of the International Desalination Association 
* European Desalination Society
* IAEA - Nuclear Desalination 
* German Desalination Society - DME
* Geothermal Desalination 
* SDSU (San Diego State University) Center for Information Technology and Infrastructure (CITI) International Consortium of Advanced Technologies and Security 
* "Desalination Journal" and Desalination Directory of the European Desalination Society
*Desalination by humidification and dehumidification of air: state of the art 
* Zonnewater - optimized solar thermal desalination (distillation) 
* SOLAR TOWER Project - Clean Electricity Generation for Desalination.
* Solar Desalination using the MEH-Method
* Article: Water issues prompt new look at desalination 
* Desalination bibliography Library of Congress
* Water-Technology
*Water Desalination Worldewide, Market, Technologies and Companies
*Cheap Drinking Water from the Ocean - Carbon nanotube-based membranes will dramatically cut the cost of desalination
*BBC2 Newsnight Film: Israel build the world's largest desalination plant 
*Solar thermal-driven desalination plants based on membrane distillation 
*Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources
Quotient

In mathematics, the **quotient** is the result of a division. For example, in the division of 6÷3, the quotient would be 2. Here, 6 is also called the dividend, and 3 the divisor. The quotient can thus be expressed as the number of times the divisor adds together into the dividend.

On the other hand, a quotient can also mean just the integral part of the result of dividing two integers. For example, the quotient of 17 ÷ 5 would be 3 (since 5 goes into 17 at most 3 times), whilst the remainder, the leftover of the division, would be 2.

Quotients also come up in certain tests, like the IQ test, which evaluates one's intelligence quotient. In this case, the quotient is the score of the test. In recent decades, as people begin to emphasize multi-dimensional personal development, other similar quotients (such as emotional quotient) are being developed and considered as well.

## Related pages 
* Difference quotient
* Fraction
* Long division
* Rational number

## References
Norman language

**Norman** is a language spoken mainly in Normandy. It is a Romance language (a language which comes from Latin). It is closely related to French and is often called "Norman French". After the Norman Conquest, Norman changed the English language considerably. 
## Users
Forms of the Norman are still used in the Channel Islands,
* Jèrriais on Jersey
* Guernésiais on Guernsey
** Auregnais on the Guernsey dependency of Alderney
** Sercquiais on the dependency of Sark

No one now uses Sercquiais or Auregnais as their first language, but Jèrriais and Guernésiais  are still used.

## References
Division

**Division** could mean:

**Processes:**
*Division (mathematics), a binary operation that serves as the inverse of multiplication
**Division (electronics), digital implementation of mathematical division
*Division (vote), a manner by which the votes of legislators are recorded
*Division (horticulture), a method of vegetative plant propagation, or the plants created by using this method
*Division (music) a specific type of ornamentation, most common in 17th century English music
*Cell division, the process in which biological cells multiply
*Continental divide, the geographical term for separation between catchment areas of a continent
*North-South divide, the geopolitical term for the division between rich nations and poor nations
*Segmentation

**Units/ Entities:**
*Division (organisation), a subsidiary of a larger organisation
**Division (business), a separate named business operated as a part of an organization
**Division (military), a unit typically consisting of from 10,000 to 20,000 troops
**Police division, a large unit (often a Basic Command Unit) of the British police
*Division (sport), a group of teams in sport
*Division (botany), a classification of plants (the botanical counterpart to zoology's phylum)
*Administrative division, part of a country
*A county constituency or Parliamentary seat in the UK Parliament
*A subpart of a hundred (division), former administrative unit in England and Wales
*Census division

**Music:**
*A grouping of pipe ranks in a pipe organ, often with its own case, windchest, and keyboard
*Divisions, a type of variation form used in the baroque.
*Division viol, an English Renaissance instrument

**Miscellaneous:**
*In nautical navigation the compass is called **dividers**
Division (mathematics)

In mathematics, **division** is the operation which is the opposite of multiplication. The symbols for division are the slash (/) and the fraction line, as in:

:6/3	or	\frac63

where both expressions mean "6 divided by 3", with 2 as the answer. The first number (6) is the **dividend**, and the second number (3) is the **divisor**. The result (or answer) of a division is the **quotient**, where any left-over amount as whole numbers is called the **remainder**. For example, 14/4 gives quotient 3 with remainder 2, all expressed as the mixed number 3+\frac12 or 3.5).

## With multiplication 
If x times y equals z, written as:

:x\cdot y=z

where y is not 0, then x equals z divided by y, written as:

:x=\frac zy

For example,

:2=\frac63

because

:2\cdot3=6.

In the above expressions, the **dividend** is 6, the **divisor** is 3 and the **quotient** is 2 (with no remainder).

Division by zero, as in

:\frac x0

is undefined (possibly plus or minus infinity).

Also if you wrote:
:0/0

it is still undefined (or indeterminate) because it can be any answer.

## Notation 
Division is most often shown by placing the *dividend* over the *divisor* with a horizontal line (called a vinculum) between them. For example, x divided by y is written as

:\frac xy

This can be read as "x divided by y", or "x over y". A way to express division on one line is to write the *dividend*, then a slash, then the *divisor*, like this:

:x/y

This is the usual way to write division in most computer programming languages, since it can easily be typed as a simple sequence of characters.

A typographical variation which is halfway between these two forms uses a slash, but elevates the dividend and lowers the divisor:

:*a*⁄*b*

Any of these forms can be used to show a fraction. A fraction is a division expression where the dividend and divisor are both integers (in that case, the two numbers are called *numerator* and *denominator*).

Division should not be confused with ratios, which are written as a:b, and read "a (is) to b".

## Related pages
* Divisor, another meaning as a number which evenly divides an amount
* Division by two
* Long division
* Modular arithmetic
* Remainder

## References 
## Other websites 
* Division on a Japanese abacus  selected from Abacus: Mystery of the Bead
* Chinese Short Division Techniques on a Suan Pan 
* Rules of divisibility
Buckethead

**Brian Patrick Carroll**, better known as **Buckethead**, is an American musician and songwriter. Buckethead has released 435 studio albums, 388 of them are in the Pike series. He has performed on over 50 more albums by other music artists. His music spans many different styles and genres.

When performing onstage Buckethead wears a white KFC bucket over his head and an expressionless plain white costume mask.

Although he can play many different types of musical instruments, Buckethead is best known for his guitar playing. He has been voted as a top guitarist in many magazines dedicated to the topic of guitar playing.

Buckethead records and performs onstage as a solo artist most of the time. He has also worked with many musicians including: Bill Laswell, Bootsy Collins, Bhargav Polara Bernie Worrell, Iggy Pop, Les Claypool, Serj Tankian, Mike Patton and Viggo Mortensen. Buckethead was a member of Guns N' Roses from 2000 to 2004.

Buckethead has created music for movies such as: *Saw II*, *Ghosts of Mars*, *Beverly Hills Ninja* and *Last Action Hero*.

## Notes
Remainder (disambiguation)

Remainder is the amount "left over" when dividing two integers.

**Remainder** could also mean:

*Remaindered book, a publisher liquidating the remaining unsold copies of a book
*Remainder (law), in property law, a future interest created in a transferee
*Remainder term, in mathematics, when approximating a value by a series, is the error (the amount "left over") of an approximation, such that true value = series approximation + remainder term.
Direct current

**Direct current** (**DC** or "*continuous current*") is the flow of electricity in a **single** direction, from the negative to the positive terminals (potential, poles).

The direct current always flow in the same direction, distinguishing it from the alternating current (AC). Direct current used to be called "Galvanic current".

Batteries are some of the main sources of direct current (DC), but many other sources also exist such as bridge rectifiers in power supply, solar panels, etc.

Typically, the current goes through a conductor and other things that can carry DC. DC is also sent through a vacuum as in electron beams or ion beams.

The first commercial electric power transmission was developed by Thomas Edison in the late nineteenth century using direct current. Today nearly all electric power distribution uses alternating current because of the advantages with transformers and transmission. High-voltage direct current is often used for transporting electricity to places far away.

For applications requiring direct current, the alternating current is typically distributed to a substation and then converted to direct current.

Long after the usage of direct current had been established, physicists realized that the current was made of negative electric charges, the electrons, and that the actual flow was from the negative to the positive pole (and so-called "holes" flow in the opposite direction), but by convention, the usage of the term was never changed.

## Related pages
* Electric current
* Alternating current
* Railway electrification system

## Other websites 
* ''AC/DC: What's the Difference?'' . Edison's Miracle of Light, American Experience . (PBS)
Divisor

:*For the second operand of a division, see division (mathematics).*

In mathematics, a **divisor** of an integer *n*, also called a **factor** of *n*, is an integer which divides *n* without leaving a remainder. The statement "*m* is a divisor of *n*" can be written as m \mid n. Any number is always divisible by 1 and itself, which are two of the divisors. A prime number is a number with no other divisors. The positive divisors of a number *n*, other than *n* itself, are the **proper divisors** of *n*.

Finding one or more factors of a given number is called factorization.
__TOC__
## Explanation 
For example, 7 is a divisor of 42 because 42÷7 = 6. We also say that "42 is **divisible** by 7", "42 is a **multiple** of 7", "7 **divides** 42", or "7 is a **factor** of 42", and we usually write 7 | 42. For example, the positive divisors of 42 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42.

In general, we say that *m* divides *n* for non-zero integers *m* and *n*, if and only if there exists an integer *k* such that *n* = *km*.  Thus, divisors can be negative as well as positive, although we often restrict our attention to positive divisors. (For example, there are six divisors of four, 1, 2, 4, -1, -2, -4, but one would usually mention only the positive ones, 1, 2, and 4.) 

1 and -1 divide (are divisors of) every integer, every integer is a divisor of itself, and every integer is a divisor of 0, except by convention 0 itself (see also Division by zero). Numbers divisible by 2 are called even, and numbers not divisible by 2 are called odd.

A divisor of *n* that is not 1, -1, *n* or -*n* is known as a **non-trivial divisor**; numbers with non-trivial divisors are known as composite numbers, while prime numbers have no non-trivial divisors.

The name comes from the arithmetic operation of division: if *a÷b* = *c*, then *a* is the dividend, *b* the **divisor,** and *c* the quotient.

## Spotting divisors 
There are properties which allow one to recognize certain divisors of a number from the number's digits. Those properties can be used as "math tricks" to quickly spot some divisors of a number.

For example, if the last digit is even (0, 2, 4, 6 or 8), then 2 is a divisor. If the last digit is 0 or 5, then 5 is a divisor. If the digits add up to a multiple of 3, then 3 is a divisor. For the number 340, ending in "0" then both 2 and 5 are divisors, plus 2×5 = 10 is also a divisor. Dividing by 10, 340/10 = 34, as finally 2×17. Combining all the smaller numbers, the 12 divisors of 340 are:
* Divisors of 340:  1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 17, 20, 34, 68, 85, 170, 340.
Note that any number is always evenly divisible by 1 and itself.

## Related pages 
* Coprime
* Euclid's lemma

## References 
## Other websites 
* Online Number Factorizer Instantly factors numbers up to 17 digits long
* Factoring Calculator  -- Factoring calculator that displays the prime factors and the prime and non-prime divisors of a given number.
Remainder

In arithmetic, the result of the division of two integers usually cannot be expressed with an integer quotient, unless a **remainder—**an amount "left over" after the division—is also accepted.

## The remainder for natural numbers 
Given a natural number a and a non-zero natural number d, it can be shown that there exist unique integers q and r, such that a=qd+r and 0\leq r. The number q is called the *quotient*, while r is called the *remainder*.

## The case of general integers 
If a and d are integers with d being non-zero, then a remainder is an integer r such that a=qd+r for some integer q, and with 0\leq|r|.

When defined this way, there are two possible remainders. For example, the division of -42 by -5 can be expressed as either

:-42=9\times-5+3

or

:-42=8\times-5+-2.

So the remainder is then either 3 or -2.

This ambiguity in the value of the remainder is not very serious; in the case above, the negative remainder is obtained from the positive one just by subtracting 5, which is d. This holds in general. When dividing by d, if the positive remainder is r_1, and the negative one is r_2, then

:r_1=r_2+d.

## The remainder for real numbers
When a and d are real numbers, with d being non-zero, then a can be divided by d without remainder, with the quotient being another real number. If the quotient is constrained to being an integer, however, the concept of remainder is still necessary. It can be proven that there exists a unique integer quotient q and a unique real remainder r such that a=qd+r with 0\leq r. Similar to the case of division of integers, the remainder could be required to be negative, that is,  -|d|. 

Extending the definition of remainder for real numbers, as described above, is not of theoretical importance in mathematics; however, many programming languages implement this definition—see modulation for more.

## Related pages
*Divisor, a number which evenly divides another
*Long division
*Modular arithmetic
*Modulation

## References
Maxim Gorky

**Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov** (In Russian Алексей Максимович Пешков) (Old style: 16 March 1868, New style: 28 March – 18 June 1936), better known as **Maxim Gorky** (Максим Горький), was a Soviet/Russian author, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. 

From 1906 to 1913 and from 1921 to 1929 he lived abroad, mostly in Capri, Italy; after his return to the Soviet Union he accepted the cultural policies of the time, although he was not permitted to leave the country.

## Selected Works 
* The Lower Depths (На дне), 1902
* Children of the Sun (Дети солнца), 1905

## Gallery 

Image:Maxim Gorky authographed portrait.jpg|A portrait
Image:Joseph Stalin and Maxim Gorky, 1931.jpg|Maxim Gorky and Joseph Stalin, 1931
Image:MaksimGorky.jpg|A postage stamp from 1946 (from the Soviet Union
Image:The Soviet Union 1968 CPA 3615 stamp (Maxim Gorky (after Valentin Serov, 1905)).jpg|Another Soviet postage stamp from 1968
Image:Path to happiness is work (Gorky).jpg |Path to happiness is work, by Maxim Gorky

## Other websites 
* 
*
Ankh

topped by a droplet-shaped loop.]]
The **ankh** or **key of life** is an ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol used to represent the word for "life" and, by extension, as a symbol of life itself.

The ankh has a T-shape topped by a droplet-shaped loop. 

Egyptian gods are often portrayed carrying it by that loop, or bearing one in each hand, arms crossed over their chest. It is also known as the Egyptian Cross, or as crux ansata, Latin for "cross with a handle".

## Use in writing
In ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, the ankh was a triliteral sign: one that represented a sequence of three consonant sounds. The ankh stood for the sequence *Ꜥ-n-ḫ*, where *n* is pronounced like the English letter *n*, *Ꜥ* is a voiced pharyngeal fricative, and *ḫ* is a voiceless or voiced velar fricative (sounds not found in English). In the Egyptian language, these consonants were found in the verb meaning "live", the noun meaning "life", and words derived from them, such as *sꜤnḫ*, which means "cause to live" or "nourish"; *Ꜥnḫ* evolved into ⲱⲛϩ (*onh*) in the Coptic stage of the language. The sign is known in English as the "ankh", based on the hypothetical pronunciation of the Egyptian word, or as the "key of life", based on its meaning.

One of the common uses of the word *Ꜥnḫ* was to express a wish that a particular person live. For example, a phrase meaning something like "may you be healthy and alive" was used in polite contexts, similar to the English phrase "if you please", and the phrase *Ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb*, meaning "alive, sound, and healthy", was used as an honorific for the pharaoh when he was mentioned in writing. The Egyptian word for "oath" was also *Ꜥnḫ*, because oaths in ancient Egypt began with a form of the word "live".

The same consonants were found in the word for "mirror" and the word for a floral bouquet, so the sign was also used in writing these words. The three consonants also compose the word for a looped rope-like object found in illustrations on many coffins from the Middle Kingdom (c. 2050–1650 BC). The Egyptologists Battiscombe Gunn and Alan Gardiner, in the early 20th century, believed these objects to be sandal straps, given that they appear in pairs at the foot of the coffin and the accompanying texts say the objects are "on the ground under his feet".
Ingrid Bergman

**Ingrid Bergman** (29 August 191529 August 1982) was a Swedish actress. She won numerous accolades, including three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a Tony Award, four Golden Globe Awards, BAFTA Award and a Volpi Cup. 

## Biography
Born in Stockholm, Bergman enrolled at Royal Dramatic Drama School. She began acting in Sweden before moving to Hollywood in 1939. Her first movie was a remake of a Swedish movie *Intermezzo*. Bergman starred in movies *Casablanca* (1942), *Gaslight* (1944), *Spellbound* (1945) and *Notorious* (1946). She was nominated for seven Academy Awards. Her last role was in a television miniseries *Golda Meir* (1982). Bergman married Roberto Rossellini in 1950.  She had a daughter Pia (born 1938) by her first husband Dr. Lindström, and a son Robertino (born 1950) and twin daughters Isabella Rossellini and Isotta (born 1952) with Rossellini. Bergman died of breast cancer in London, England.

## References
* ''The Illustrated Who's Who of Cinema'', Portland House, New York, 1987.

## Other websites
*
Ruwer-Hochwald-Radweg

]]
]]]]
The **Ruwer-Hochwald-Radweg** is a cycle trail. It  links the Moselle-valley and
the Hunsrück from Trier to Hermeskeil in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
The length is about :
* Trier-Ruwer - Mertesdorf - Kasel - Waldrach: 
* Waldrach - Sommerau - Gusterath-Tal - Pluwigerhammer: 
* Pluwigerhammer - Hinzenburg - Burg Heid: 
* Burg Heid - Hentern - Zerf: 
* Zerf - Niederkell: 
* Niederkell - Kell am See: 
* Kell am See - Reinsfeld: 
* Reinsfeld - Hermeskeil: 

## Other websites 
* www.ruwer-hochwald-radweg.de
Nizhny Novgorod

:*There is also a town Velikiy Novgorod with **Novgorod** in its name*

**Nizhny Novgorod** (Russian:Ни́жний Но́вгород, often shortened to *Nizhny*) is the sixth largest city in Russia. The first five are Moscow, St.&nbsp;Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Kazan. Nizhny Novgorod had a population of 1,249,861 in 2021, and one of 1,438,133 in 1989. It is the economic and cultural center of the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and also the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District.

From 1932 to 1990 the city was known as **Gorky** (Russian: Го́рький) after the writer Maxim Gorky.

## Other websites 
*Nizhny Novgorod City Government website  
*Official website of Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum  
*Art Museum of Nizhny Novgorod 
*http://www.nne.ru(http://www.nne.ru/) The Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas Archdiocese 
*VisitNizhny.com  Information about tourism and entertainment in Nizhny Novgorod 
*Nizhny Novgorod Online
Novosibirsk

**Novosibirsk** (Russian: Новосиби́рск, pronounced ) is Russia's third largest city, after Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast. It is also the largest city in Siberia and the administrative center of Siberian Federal District. It is in the southwest of this district.

## History 
It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian railway bridge crossing the great Siberian river Ob. Its importance further increased early in the 20th century with the completion of the Turkestan-Siberia Railway connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea. 

The settlement became city in 1903. City name may be translated as New Siberian. From 1893 until 1925 Novosibirsk was called **Novonikolayevsk**. 
During the Great Patriotic war of the Soviet Union a lot of factories from the west parts of the country were evacuated here.

In 1986 Novosibirsk became the first city in Siberia having a metro system.

The city lies along the Ob River in the West Siberian Plain. To the south is the Ukok Plateau part of  the UNESCO World Heritage Site entitled *Golden Mountains of Altai*.

## Climate 
The climate is sharply continental, with very severe, cold and snowy winters and hot and dry summers. Temperatures in summer range from 10 to 30&nbsp;°C (50...85&nbsp;°F), in winter -5 to -25&nbsp;°C (20...-10&nbsp;°F), but can reach -45&nbsp;°C (-50&nbsp;°F) in winter and 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) in summer. The difference between the highest and the lowest temperature is 83&nbsp;°C (181&nbsp;°F). Most of the time the weather is sunny, with an average of 2880 hours of sunshine per year.

## Economy 
Industries include machine manufacturing and metallurgy. It is the home of one of Novosibirsk State University (in nearby Akademgorodok), a number of institutes and a scientific research center. Novosibirsk has opera and ballet companies, several theaters, museums, and art galleries, and numerous sports facilities.

## Transportation 
West Siberian railway control organization is located in the city, on the Vokzalnaya magistral street beginning near Novosibirsk Glavny rail terminal.

In 1986 Novosibirsk metro started its working. It became the first subway system in Siberia.

Also, the city has tram, trolley and bus systems.

Tolmachevo international airport is located in Novosibirsk area.

## Related pages 
*List of cities and other settlements in Russia

## References
Program music

**Programme music** (or "program music" in US English) is music for instruments which describes something or tells a story.  It is the opposite of "absolute music" which is not trying to describe anything, just the sound of the piece.  Programme music was very popular in the 19th century although some programme music was written earlier.

## History
Some composers in the Renaissance and Baroque periods wrote music which described battles. Antonio Vivaldi wrote a very famous set of four concertos for violin and strings called *The Four Seasons*.  Each of the movements describe things happening during the year's seasons, e.g. birds singing in the spring, snowy winter days, etc.

At the start of the 1800s, Beethoven wrote a pastoral symphony, Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale", which describes the peaceful life in the countryside.  This way of making music describe things became very popular with Romantic composers.  Mendelssohn wrote "concert overtures" which had nothing to do with an opera but were simply short pieces of music for orchestra which told a story.  *Hebrides Overture*, for example, describes the feel of the sea lapping into Fingal's Cave in the Scottish Inner Hebrides.

Franz Liszt made programme music very popular in his symphonic poems.  Hector Berlioz's *Symphonie Fantastique* describes a story he made up himself about a man who has dreams about a woman he loves.  The woman he loves is represented by a tune (melody) which is heard in different ways during the symphony.  It is called an *idée fixe* (French for "fixed idea").  This way of linking a theme (tune) with a person led to Wagner's use of leitmotif in his operas in which a tune is linked to a person, event or idea.  At the start of the 19th century Richard Strauss  wrote several symphonic poems, often using a leitmotif to describe the person it is about.  They include *Don Juan*, *Don Quixote* and *Ein Heldenleben* (''A hero's life'').