open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
The Spokesman-Review

***The Spokesman Review*** Is a newspaper based in Spokane, Washington, in the United States. It is a broadsheet newspaper, meaning it is a lot longer than it is wide. A new one is written every day. It is Spokane's only daily newspaper.

## History
*The Spokesman-Review* was started when two old newspapers merged (meaning they joined together to make one). Those newspapers were called *Spokane Falls Review* and *Spokesman*, and they were merged in 1893. The first newspaper to be printed as *The Spokesman-Review* happened in June 29, 1894. It used to published three different newspapers each day: one for Spokane, one for Spokane Valley, and one for Northern Idaho. However, downsizing in 2007 caused *The Spokesman-Review* to only print one paper a day from then on.

*The Spokesman-Review* is thought to lean Liberal, especially when it involves opinions on city hall and hate-groups in the Eastern Washington-Northern Idaho area. Those hate groups didn't like that. In 1997, three far right militants were convicted of bombing the Spokane Valley office of *The Spokesman-Review*.

*The Spokesman-Review* is owned by Cowles Publishing Company. Cowles also owns KHQ-TV, a news station in Spokane. This makes *The Spokesman-Review* one of only a few family-owned newspapers in the United States. However, Cowles gets criticized for allegedly using its many news outlets to affect public opinion, and this makes *The Spokesman-Review* criticized for the same reasons. Once, something called "the River Park Square garage issue" occurred, in which Cowles could have made $20 million for affecting public opinion. An independent review by the Washington News Council showed that *The Spokesman-Review* did have bias on the issue.

*The Spokesman-Review* is Washington State's third most read newspaper. Only the Seattle Times in Seattle and the News-Tribune in Tacoma are read by more people.

## References
Teresa Palmer

**Teresa Mary Palmer** (born 26 February 1986) is an Australian actress, model, writer and producer. She acts mostly in movies. She acted in *The Grudge 2* in 2006, in *December Boys*, and in *Bedtime Stories* with Adam Sandler.

## References
Pope Gregory V

**Gregory V** (; c. 972-18 February 999), also known as **Bruno of Carinthia**, was a German priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 139th Pope from 3 May 996 to 18 February 999.

## Early life
Bruno of Carinthia was a son of Otto I, Duke of Carinthia.  He was made chaplain of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III.

## Pope
Bruno was elected pope in 996; and he chose to be called Gregory.  He was the first German Pope.

## Related pages
* List of popes
* List of ages of popes

## References
 of the popes ]]

## Other websites
*
*  ["Gregory V"](http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gregory_(Popes)/Gregory_V), *Encyclopædia Britannica*, 1911
* Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
List of governors of Washington

**The Governor of Washington** is the leader of the Executive branch of the State of Washington's government. Jay Inslee is currently serving as governor.

## Governors
### Governors of the Territory of Washington
### Governors of the State of Washington
Washington became a state on November 11, 1889.  The term for governor is four years,.

; Parties

## Notes
## References
Joe Lieberman

**Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman** (February 24, 1942 &ndash; March 27, 2024) was an American politician who was the United States Senator from Connecticut from 1989 to 2013. Before that he was the Attorney General of Connecticut and a member of the Connecticut Senate. 

When he was a senator, he had another position, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. He was a former member of the Democratic Party, he was the party's nominee for vice president in the 2000 election. He later became an independent, though continued to caucus with Senate Democrats.

## Early life
Lieberman was born in Stamford, Connecticut, the son of Marcia (née Manger) and Henry Lieberman, who ran a liquor store. His family was Jewish.

## Presidential politics
In the 2000 election, he was chosen by Al Gore for his vice president. Lieberman became the first practicing Jew to run for the nation's second-highest office. Lieberman was selected from a group of potential running mates that reportedly included Senators John Kerry and John Edwards, the team that would form the Democratic presidential ticket four years later. Lieberman and Gore lost the electoral vote to George W. Bush and Dick Cheney, but they won the popular vote.

In 2004, Lieberman ran for President of the United States, but lost the nomination to John Kerry. Lieberman was the first person of Jewish background or faith to run on a major party Presidential ticket.

## Involvement with No Labels 
Joe Lieberman co-founded No Labels in 2010 and served as the groups chairman until his death in 2024. He hoped to organize a bipartisan unity ticket in the 2024 United States presidential election that would run as a third party against Joe Biden and Donald Trump. He successfully recruited Chris Christie, the former Republican Governor of New Jersey, to serve as No Labels' presidential nominee. No Labels abandoned the plan to run a presidential ticket upon Lieberman's death.

## Personal life
Lieberman lived in New Haven, Connecticut and New York City.

Lieberman died on March 27, 2024 at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital at the age of 82. He died of injuries from a fall he had at his home in The Bronx.

## References
Very Large Telescope

The **Very Large Telescope** (**VLT**) is a telescope operated by the European Southern Observatory. It is on Cerro Paranal in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.

## Overview 
The VLT consists of four separate telescopes, each with a main mirror 8.2 metres across. They  are often used separately, but they can be used together to get a very high angular resolution.  The observatory also has four movable Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs) of 1.8 m aperture.

It operates at visible and infrared wavelengths.  Each individual telescope can detect objects roughly four billion times fainter than can be seen with the naked eye. When all the telescopes are combined, the facility can achieve an angular resolution of about 0.001 arc-second. This is equivalent to roughly two metres at the distance of the Moon.

Among the pioneering observations carried out using the VLT are the first direct image of an exoplanet, the tracking of individual stars moving around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, and observations of the afterglow of the furthest known gamma-ray burst.

## Auxiliary Telescopes
The four smaller 1.8-metre ATs are available and dedicated to interferometry. This allows the VLT to operate every night on visible and infrared wavelengths.

## Related pages 
* La Silla Observatory

## References
Pope Adrian I

**Adrian I**  (c. 700 – 25 December 795) was Pope from 772 until his death in 795. Soon after he became pope, there was a threat from Desiderius, king of the Lombards. Adrian was forced to ask Charlemagne for help. In 787, there was the Second Council of Nicaea. The council allowed to  icons, in certain cases.
Vatican Library

The **Vatican Library** is the library of the Holy See. Its official name is **Vatican Apostolic Library** (*Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana*). It was formally established in 1475. Its collections are very significant, it contains over 75,000 codices. There are over 150,000 manuscripts, and over 8,300 innucables. In total, there are over 2 million books and manuscripts.  There is also a school for librarians, and a workshop to restore ancient tets and to create facsimile copies.
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (American game show)

***Who Wants to Be a Millionaire*** (sometimes called ***Millionaire***) is an American quiz show based on the British show of the same name. One can win up to one million United States dollars ($1,000,000) on the show for answering fourteen (or fifteen in older versions) multiple choice trivia questions in a row.

The first version of the show was hosted by Regis Philbin and it aired on primetime on ABC. It aired from August 16, 1999 to June 27, 2002. The current syndicated version started airing on September 16, 2002. Meredith Vieira hosted it for eleven seasons, leaving to work on other projects. Cedric the Entertainer was signed up to be the next host, and episodes with Cedric started in September 2013. Cedric announced on April 30, 2014 that he would not return for a second season because of his busy schedule. Terry Crews was signed up to be the next host, and episodes with he started in September 2014. Terry announced then that he would not return for another season because of his busy schedule. Chris Harrison was signed up to be the next host, and episodes with him started in September 2015. Harrison remained on the show until its cancellation in May 2019.

The format of the show has changed several times since the show has been on the air. The original format featured fifteen multiple choice questions that got harder as a player continued, and the money amounts got higher. Starting in 2008, the show started using a clock and contestants were timed. If time ran out, they were forced to walk away with the last prize amount they won. The format changed again in 2010 where the first ten questions had random money amounts and difficulty. The second round is then similar to the older Millionaire shows. There are only fourteen questions in this version.

The format was changed back in 2015, the format featured fourteen multiple choice questions that got harder as a player continued, the money amounts got higher, the first 10 question amounts are no longer randomized.

On January 8, 2020, ABC renewed the show for a 21st season, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel. The new season premiered April 8, 2020 and its success led to the show being renewed for further seasons.

## Other websites
* Official website
* 
* 
* 
*
Viverridae

The **Viverridae** is a family of small to medium-sized mammals, the **viverrids**. They are in the Feliformia, the cat-like carnivores.

The family is made up of 15 genera and 33 species. They are found all over the Oriental region, all over Africa and into southern Europe. 

As they live in Madagascar and Celebes, this shows they also lived in the tropics of the Old World, and beyond it, over Wallace's line.

Viverrids mostly live in tropical rainforest. They also live in woodland, savanna and mountains.

## Species
* African civet
* Angolan genet
* Asian palm civet
* Brown palm civet

## "Civet cat" 
Many viverrids are **civet cats**, such as the genera *Vivera*, *Civettictis* and *Viverricula*. The term refers to their noticeable and (to us) unpleasant scent. It is sometimes used for other cats which happen to be rather smelly.

Vivverrids of the genus *Genetta* are known as 'genets', and there is another genus, *Poiana*, which are called 'linsangs'. The genet *Genetta genetta* is the only viverid to live in Europe. It is the striped-tail one at top right in the illustration above.

## Characteristics 
Viverrids are the most basal ('primitive') of all the families of cat-like animals and less specialized than the Felidae. Their skeletons are similar to those of fossils dating back to the Eocene, up to 50 million years ago.

In external characters, they are distinguished from the Felidae by the hind foot being five-toed and typically by the longer muzzle and shorter limbs. The skull differs as does the dental formula.

## References
Nate Robinson

, April 2008]]
**Nathaniel Cornelius "Nate" Robinson** (born May 31, 1984 in Seattle, Washington) is an American professional basketball player. In 2012, he  started playing for the Chicago Bulls. He played for the New York Knicks, for the Boston Celtics, for the Oklahoma City Thunder, and for the Golden State Warriors.

## References
Tjunti

**Tjunti** is a soakage site near Kaḻṯukatjara, in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is where the Hull River cuts through the Petermann Ranges. It is about  to the southeast of Kaḻṯukatjara (41&nbsp;km by road, along the Tjukaruru Road). Tjunti is the site where the famous gold prospector Harold B. Lasseter took refuge on his fatal search for Lasseter's Reef. An outstation was established here in 1977, and belongs to a Pitjantjatjara family.

The gap in the mountains is formed here by the Hull River, a sandy creek that is usually dry. It splits the Curdie Range in the south from the Mannanana Range in the north. There are several soaks and  in the area.

The small cave where Lasseter took refuge is '''** (now commonly called **Lasseter's Cave''' in English). This is an opening in a rock formation in the Mannanana Range (). Lasseter took shelter here for about 25 days during January 1931. He was trying to find a rich gold deposit that he claimed to have discovered in the area on an earlier expedition. His camels ran away, and he was  in the desert without food. While taking shelter in the cave, Lasseter wrote about his journey in his diary. He was later found by a local Pitjantjatjara family, who gave him food and water. After this, Lasseter decided to leave the cave and tried to walk the  to Kata Tjuṯa. He was weak from dehydration, malnutrition and , and he died three days later, after walking about .

## References
## Other websites
*Tjunti in the Northern Territory's Place Names Register
Tom Thibodeau

**Tom Thibodeau** (born January 17, 1958 in New Britain, Connecticut) is an American basketball coach. He was the head coach of the Chicago Bulls. He was the assistant coach for many teams in the National Basketball Association including the Philadelphia 76ers, for the New York Knicks, and for the Boston Celtics. 

He won NBA Coach of the Year in 2011and in 2012 he won the NBA All-Star Game head coach. In 2012, he became the fastest coach in NBA history to earn 100 victories and finished as the runner-up for Coach of the Year.  

## References
Tubular bells

**Tubular bells**, also known as chimes, are a percussion instrument. They make a bell sound when hit with a mallet. They are used in Mike Oldfield's album *Tubular Bells*.

## Related pages
* Glockenspiel
* Vibraphone
* Xylophone
* Marimba
Doug Wilson

**Douglas Frederick Wilson** (born July 5, 1957 in Ottawa, Ontario) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman that played in National Hockey League. He served as general manager of the San Jose Sharks from 2003 to 2022. 

Wilson was drafted by both the Chicago Black Hawks with the 6th overall pick in the 1977 NHL Draft and the Indianapolis Racers with the 5th overall pick in the 1977 WHA Amateur Draft.

Wilson played 14 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks and was then acquired by the San Jose Sharks before the Sharks first season. He played 2 seasons with the Sharks and brought credibility and respect to the young franchise before announcing at the Sharks training camp during the 1993-94 NHL season that he was going to retire from professional hockey.

He was inducted into the Chicago Sports Hall of Fame in September 1999. He replaced Dean Lombardi when he was hired as general manager of the San Jose Sharks on May 13, 2003. His brother Murray Wilson also played professional hockey in the NHL and won four Stanley Cups with the Montreal Canadiens.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Married to the Mob

***Married to the Mob*** is a 1988 American gangster romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Jonathan Demme. The story is about a woman trying to distance herself from Mafia networks. Michelle Pfeiffer, Joan Cusack and Nancy Travis are in the cast. The reviews of this movie were very positive. The box office intake was very high for this movie. The film was released on August 19, 1988, by Orion Pictures.

## Other websites 
*

* 
*
Marco Belinelli

**Marco Stefano Belinelli** (born March 25, 1986 in San Giovanni in Persiceto) is an Italian basketball player. He used to play for the Golden State Warriors, for the Toronto Raptors, and for the New Orleans Hornets. In 2012, he started playing for the Chicago Bulls.

## Biography
Starting his career in the youth teams of Virtus Bologna, Marco Belinelli made his professional debut in LegA in 2002. In the following year, he switched to the rival Bologna club, Fortitudo Bologna, due to his former club's financial troubles. He achieved an Italian championship with them in 2005.
In 2006, he represented Italy in the World Championships, with the team finishing in ninth place.
In 2007, he entered the NBA Draft, which took place on June 28, 2007, at Madison Square Garden in New York. The Golden State Warriors selected him as the eighteenth overall pick.
On August 11, 2010, he was traded to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Julian Wright. In 2011, he played in the playoffs as a starter for the New Orleans Hornets and had an impressive season.
During the 2011 European Championship, Italy managed to field its three NBA players: Marco Belinelli, Danilo Gallinari, and Andrea Bargnani. Despite being placed in a challenging group in the initial round, which included France, Germany, Serbia, Israel, and Latvia, Italy finished the competition with only one victory.
In 2014, he achieved an NBA championship with the San Antonio Spurs, becoming the first Italian player to accomplish this feat.
On July 13, 2015, he signed with the Sacramento Kings. On February 11, 2018, he signed with the Philadelphia 76ers.
On July 1, 2018, he made a return to the San Antonio Spurs, signing a two-year contract worth twelve million dollars.
On November 26, 2020, he left the NBA and returned to Virtus Bologna.

## References
## Other websites
Mann Ranges

The **Mann Ranges** are mountain ranges in central Australia. They are in the far northwest of South Australia, with a small section running over the border into the Northern Territory. Tha ranges are part of the geological region known as the Musgrave Block, which also includes the Petermann and Musgrave Ranges. Mountains in this region were formed in the Petermann Orogeny (600&ndash;550 million years ago).

This area is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara nation. They associate it with spiritual stories about Wati Ngiṉṯaka (the perentie lizard man), a creation spirit from the Dreamtime. He is said to have created the landforms while travelling through the area during the Dreamtime. His route forms a network of songlines that are spiritually important to native people. The largest communities in the area are Kaṉpi and Nyapaṟi.

The first European person to visit the area was William Gosse in 1873. With the help of local Aboriginal people, Gosse and his team explored the Mann Ranges after seeing the range from the top of Uluṟu. From the Mann Ranges, he went west to the Tomkinson Ranges, but turned back rather than trying to cross the Great Victoria Desert. He came back to the Mann Ranges and then went eastward to the Musgrave Ranges.

## References
Indecent Proposal

***Indecent Proposal*** is a 1993 American romantic drama movie. It was directed by Adrian Lyne. Robert Redford, Demi Moore and Woody Harrelson make the cast. The movie is about a gambler who offers a couple one million dollars if he can spend a night with the wife. Reviews for *Indecent Proposal* were mixed. The box office intake was good.

## Other websites 
*
Liam Jurrah

**Liam Jungarrayi Jurrah** (born 22 September 1988) is a professional Australian rules footballer. He used to play for the Melbourne Football Club. Jurrah was recruited by Melbourne Football Club from the Yuendumu Magpies (CAFL) in 2008. His first game was against Essendon at Etihad Stadium in the 2009 season.

Jurrah was born in Yuendumu, in the Northern Territory. He was the first indigenous person from a remote community in central Australia to play in the Australian Football League. He is an initiated member of the Warlpiri people. His skin name is *Jungarrayi*. He grew up speaking four different dialects of the Western Desert, and learned English at school. Jurrah began playing Australian rules football when he was very young. He played for the local team, the Yuendumu Magpies, against other communities such as Papunya, Lajamanu and Hermannsburg.

## References
## Other websites
*Yuendumu Magpies 
*MFC Player Profile
Furuset Forum

**Furuset Forum** is a sports arena in Oslo, Norway. The seating capacity of the arena is 1,498 people. It was built in 1979. The main sport played on it is ice hockey. It is also used by other sports for training and events. These include handball and floorball. It is near the metro which makes it popular and easy to get to. The arena has disabled parking spots, food and drink . It is the home of the Furuset ice hockey team.

## References
Eric Nesterenko

**Eric "Sonja" Nesterenko** (October 31, 1933 &ndash; June 6, 2022) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre that played 21 seasons in the National Hockey League.

Wilson played 5 seasons with the Toronto Maple Leafs and 16 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks. He also played for the Chicago Cougars of the World Hockey Association in 1973–74 as well as coached a year in Switzerland. He won the Stanley Cup with the Black Hawks in the 1960-61 NHL season. He retired from professional hockey in 1971 and since that time he has worked as a disc jockey, a stockbroker, a travel broker, a freelance writer, a university professor and a ski instructor. He also acted in the movie, *Youngblood*, where he played the father of Rob Lowe's character Dean Youngblood.

Nesterenko died on June 6, 2022 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Yuendumu

**Yuendumu** is a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is one of the larger  communities in central Australia. It is 293&nbsp;km northwest of Alice Springs. There are about 817 people living at Yuendumu; most are Warlpiri and Anmatyerre Aboriginal people. The town is within the Yuendumu Aboriginal Lands Trust area on traditional homelands and includes many outstations.

Yuendumu was established in 1946. In 1947, a Baptist mission was started there. By 1955, many Warlpiri families had settled in the town. In 2006, Yuendumu has three community stores, a school, airstrip, swimming pool, a large community of Aboriginal artists, a media organisation, a church, an old people's centre, women's centre and safe house.

## References
## Other websites
* Yuendumu Community Council 
* Mt Theo Program 
* PAW Media and Communications
* Warlukurlangu Artists Aboriginal Association 
* Yuendumu Magpies Football Club
Valley Girl (movie)

***Valley Girl*** is a 1983 American romantic comedy movie set in Los Angeles. It is about school partying,  and relationships. Nicolas Cage and Colleen Camp are part of the cast. The reviews were very good.  The movie made over $17 million.

## References
Marg Helgenberger

**Mary Margaret "Marg" Helgenberger** (November 16, 1958) is an American actress. She acts in both television programs and movies. She has won the People's Choice,  Emmy  and Screen Actors Guild Awards.  Helgenberger is best known for her action on the TV series *CSI*. She was born in Fremont, Nebraska. 

## References
Pink Cadillac (movie)

***Pink Cadillac*** is a 1989 action comedy movie. The movie is about white supremacists from whom a woman tries to get away driving a pink Cadillac. Clint Eastwood, Bernadette Peters, Geoffrey Lewis, and Frances Fisher have roles in this comedy. The reviews of *Pink Cadillac* were negative. Its box office intake was very weak.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Wayne Hicks

**Wayne Wilson Hicks** (born 9 April 1937 in Aberdeen, Washington) is a retired American professional ice hockey right winger that played 6 seasons in the National Hockey League.

Wilson played 1 game with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1961 Stanley Cup Finals and helped them win a Stanley Cup. He then played 1 season with the Boston Bruins before joining the Montreal Canadiens for 1 season. After his season with the Canadiens was finished, he moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins for 1 season and then the Philadelphia Flyers for 1 season. He retired from professional hockey in 1974 after 4 season with the Phoenix Roadrunners of the Western Hockey League.

His son Alex Hicks also played hockey in the NHL with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Pittsburgh Penguins, San Jose Sharks, and Florida Panthers.

## Other websites
*
*
Ye Wanyong

**Ye Wanyong** (, Hanja: , 7 June 1858 – 12 February 1926), also known as **Yi Wanyong**, was a politician, diplomat and writer of during the Korean Joseon dynasty. He was prime minister of the Korean Empire in 1896 and from 1907 to 1909. He signed the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910. His penname was **Ildang** (일당, 一堂).

## Book 
* *Ildangisa* (일당기사, 一堂紀事)
Cantonese

**Cantonese** might mean:

*Cantonese language, a Chinese language
*Something related to Guangzhou, a city in China that used to be called Canton in English
*Cantonese cuisine, a style of Chinese cuisine from Guangdong province
Lenovo

**Lenovo** is a Chinese computer company that makes computers, laptops, tablets, and other devices.

Lenovo was founded in Beijing in 1984 as Legend and was incorporated in Hong Kong in 1988. Lenovo acquired IBM's personal computer business in 2005 and agreed to acquire its Intel-based server business in 2014.  In January 2014, Lenovo agreed to acquire the mobile phone handset maker Motorola Mobility from Google, and in October 2014 the deal was finalized.

## Name
"Lenovo" is a portmanteau word of "Le-" (from Legend) and "novo", Latin ablative for "new". The Chinese name () means "association" (as in "word association") or "connected thinking".

## References
Park Je-sun

**Park Je-sun** (; , 7 December 1858 – 20 June 1919) was a Korean politician and diplomat during the Joseon dynasty. He was the Prime Minister of the Korean Empire between 1905 to 1907, and 1909 to 1910. He was a very important person of the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910.

## Other websites 
* Park Je-sun  
* Park Je-sun  

## References
Julie & Julia

***Julie & Julia*** is a 2009 drama-comedy movie. The movie is about two women who have similar first names and like to do similar things. Meryl Streep plays Julia Child. This movie was rated PG-13 by the MPAA. Reviews for *Julie & Julia* were mostly positive.  The overall intake was $129 million.

## References
Project Runway season 1

**Project Runway Season 1** was the first season of *Project Runway* series. The season aired first on December 1, 2004. The winner was Jay McCaroll. He won several prizes including an *Elle* spread, a $100,000 cash prize to start his own line and more. Austin Scarlett later appeared in *Project Runway: All Stars* in 2012, where he finished runner-up. Wendy Pepper, in the same year, competed in the second season of the All Stars edition placing 12th out of 13.

## Contestants
(In order of elimination)

(ages listed are the designers' ages at the time the show was taped in the summer of 2004.)

The 12 models competing for an *ELLE* spread in the first season were:
Pope Gregory VI

**Pope Gregory VI** (; died 1048), born **	Johannes Gratianus**, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 149th Pope from 1 May 1045 until his abdication on 20 December 1046.

## Early life
Johannes Gratianus was born in Rome, but the date of his birth is not known.  

## Pope 
Gratianus became pope in 1045; and he took the name Gregory. There was a problem in the way he became pope.

Hildebrand was the papal chaplain.  This priest stayed with the former pope until his death in Cologne.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
 of the popes ]]

## Other websites
* 
*  ["Gregory VI"](http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gregory_(Popes)/Gregory_VI), *Encyclopædia Britannica*, 1911
* Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
Royal Palace, Oslo

The **Royal Palace** (,  or ) in Oslo, Norway is the official home of the present Norwegian monarch. It was built in the early 19th century as the Norwegian home of King Charles III. He was King of Sweden as well as Norway. The palace has 173 rooms.

## History 
Before the Royal Palace was built, Norwegian royalty lived in *Paleet*. It was a very nice town house in Christiania. Paleet was given to the government of Norway by a rich merchant named Bernt Anker in 1805. During the last years of the union with Denmark, it was used by the viceroys of Norway. In 1814, the first king of independent Norway, Christian Frederick used it as his home. 

King Charles III John picked the site for the Royal Palace on the western side of Christiania in 1821. He had the inexperienced Dutch-born architect Linstow design the building. The Parliament approved the cost of 150 000 Speciedaler. Work on the site started in 1824. On 1 October 1825, the king laid down the foundation stone beneath the altar of the future Royal chapel. 

The cost of the foundation works caused the building to cost more than expected. They had to stop construction in 1827. It was started again in 1833. During this time, the Storting would not approve more money for the construction. They did this because they did not like that the king was trying to create closer ties between Norway and Sweden. In 1833, Linstow changed his plans to reduce the cost. Improved relations with the king made the Storting approve the money to finish the construction. The roof was put on in 1836. The inside of the building was finished during the late 1840s. King Charles John, who died in 1844, never lived in his palace. The first people to live in the palace were his son Oscar I and his queen Josephine. 

## Images
file:Slott noreg bak 1.jpg|The Royal Palace in Oslo from the park
File:Soldier in front of Royal Palace in Oslo.jpg|Royal Guardsman in front of the Royal Palace
File:1 of 10 - Karl Johan Gate at Night, Oslo - NORWAY.jpg|The Royal Palace at night

## Other websites
*The Royal Palace (Official website of The Royal Norwegian Family)
Holger Juul Hansen

**Holger Juul Hansen** (August 14, 1924 &ndash; March 19, 2013) was an Danish actor. 

Hansen was in many Danish movies and television shows. He was best known for his roles as the banker Hans Christian Varnæs, head of one of the two rival families in *Matador*, and as Doctor Moesgaard in *The Kingdom*.

Hansen was born on August 14, 1924 in Nyborg, Denmark. Hansen died on March 19, 2013 in Denmark from natural causes, aged 88. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Adjustment disorder

**Adjustment disorder** happens when a person is unable to cope with or adjust to certain stressors. People who have adjustment disorder often have symptoms such as losing interest, being sad, crying, feeling anxious and constant worries. These symptoms are from outside stressors, although they resolve when individuals become used to the situations. The stressors may include, although are not limited to: hurricanes, being abused, accidents and traumatic events. This problem can happen at any age. In adults, however, adult women are diagnosed almost twice as often as men.

## References
Robin Stjernberg

**Robin James Olof Stjernberg** born 22 February 1991, Hässleholm, Sweden) is a Swedish pop singer. He represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö on 18 May 2013 with the song "You".

## References
## Other websites
Marty Allen

**Marty Allen** (born **Morton David Alpern**, March 23, 1922 &ndash; February 12, 2018) was an American comedian, actor, activist, and writer. Allen was known for his stand-up comedy jokes in nightclubs in California and in Las Vegas. He also wrote books about his career and support many foundations.

Allen was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to a Jewish family. He studied at Taylor Allderdice High School and at the University of Southern California. Allen was married to Frenchie Allen until her death in 1976. Then he was married to Katie Blackwell from 1984 until his death in 2018. He had no children. 

Allen lived in Las Vegas, Nevada and in Los Angeles, California. He died of problems from pneumonia in Las Vegas on February 12, 2018. He was 95.

## References
## Other websites
*An Interview with Marty Allen, May 2011
*
*
*Official site 
*
Eurovision Song Contest 2013

The ** Annual Eurovision Song Contest** was held in Malmö, Sweden. The semifinals were on 14 and 16 May. The final was on 18 May 2013. The host for the contest was Swedish Comedian Petra Mede. Denmark won the competition.

## Semi-finals
### Semi-final 1
Italy, Sweden and the United Kingdom also voted in this semi-final. The songs colored in orange qualified for the final.

### Semi-final 2
Germany, France and Spain voted in this semi-final. The songs colored in orange qualified for the final.

:1.The song is in Greek, however the titular English phrase is repeated throughout the song.
:2.Due to EBU regulations banning political and religious content, Heilsarmee (German for Salvation Army) changed their name to Takasa for the contest.

## Final
## References 
## Other websites
*Eurovision.tv
Rik Wilson

**Richard William Wilson** (June 17, 1962 &ndash; January 22, 2016) was an American sports trainer and retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played 7 seasons in the National Hockey League.

Wilson played 5 seasons game with the St. Louis Blues and then joined the Calgary Flames for 2 games. He ended his NHL career with the Chicago Blackhawks after playing 14 games with them. He retired from professional hockey in 1988. Wilson currently owns Power Play Performance Sports Training, a sports training center in St. Louis.

Wilson died on January 22, 2016 from unknown causes in St. Louis, Missouri at the age of 53.

## References
## Other websites
*
Valerie Mahaffey

**Valerie Mahaffey** (June 16, 1953 &ndash; May 30, 2025) was an American actress who acted mostly for television programs. She appeared in *Desperate Housewives*, *Big Sky* and *Young Sheldon*. She acted in some movies during her career such as *Jack and Jill* and *Sully*. Maheffey won an Emmy Award in 1992.

Mahaffey was born in Sumatra, Indonesia to a Canadian mother and an American father. She was raised near Austin, Texas.

Mahaffey died of cancer on May 30, 2025 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
Powell River, British Columbia

**Powell River** is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Powell River is in the northern part of the Sunshine Coast region. 

The population of Powell River was 13,943 in 2021. The mayor of Powell River is Ron Woznow. The historic townsite was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1995. Powell River has an ice hockey team, the Powell River Kings which play in the British Columbia Hockey League. Powell River was named a "Cultural Capital of Canada" in 2004 because of the its strong arts and cultural programs.

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website
Teresa of Ávila

**Teresa of Ávila**, also called **Saint Teresa of Jesus**, baptized as **Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada**, (March 28, 1515 – early or mid October 1582) was a well known Spanish mystic, Roman Catholic saint, Carmelite nun, writer of the Counter Reformation, and theologian of contemplative life through mental prayer. She was a reformer of the Carmelite Order and is considered to be a founder of the Discalced Carmelites along with John of the Cross.

In 1622, forty years after her death, she was canonized by Pope Gregory XV and was in 1970 named a Doctor of the Church by Pope Paul VI. Her books, which include her autobiography (The Life of Teresa of Jesus) and her seminal work El Castillo Interior (The Interior Castle) are an integral part of Spanish Renaissance literature as well as Christian mysticism and Christian meditation practices as she entails in her other important work, Camino de Perfección (The Way of Perfection).

## Quote
'Would it not be gross ignorance, my daughters, if, when a man was questioned about his name, or country, or parents, he could not answer? Stupid as this would be, it is unspeakably more foolish to care to learn nothing of our nature except that we possess bodies, and only to realise vaguely that we have souls...
(Interior Castle, chapter one)

## Other websites 
* Christian Classics
Georgian

**Georgian** might mean

*Anything related to Georgia (country)
**Georgian language
***Georgian alphabet
**Georgian people
*Anything related to Georgia (U.S. state)
*Georgian era, the period from 1714 to 1830, during the reigns of the British kings George I, George II, George III, and George IV

## Related pages
*Georgia, a disambiguation page
Simply Irresistible

***Simply Irresistible*** is a 1999 American romantic comedy-drama fantasy movie. The subject mixes magic, romance and love. Sarah Michelle Gellar, Patricia Clarkson and Amanda Peet are among the cast. This romantic comedy movie was released February 1999. The reviews were not good. And its box office performance was poor.

## Other websites 
*
Charles Baudelaire

**Charles Pierre Baudelaire** (9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French symbolist and modernist poet and art critic.

He is best known for his volume of poetry *Les Fleurs du mal* (The Flowers of Evil) in 1857. Baudelaire was born in Paris, and studied law at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Baudelaire's first publication was his art review *Salon of 1845.*

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Works by or about Charles Baudelaire (Internet Archive)
Alienware

**Alienware Corporation** is an American company, and, computer hardware manufacturer. The main product they create is gaming computers. They are a subsidiary of Dell. Alienware is mainly engaged in assembling personal computers (including laptops) from component third-party manufacturers. The company's products are used for graphically heavy applications, such as video and audio editing and modeling. 

## History
The company was founded in 1996 Nelson Gonzalez and Alex Agila.

Alienware was the first one who brought a number of new technologies to the market:

* First gamer's laptop.
* First laptop with dual graphics.
* Liquid cooling for all desktops as standard.
Until 2006, the company was independent. It was a small firm that served only six countries (USA, Canada and four countries in Western Europe) and worked with all four languages. In 2006, it was bought by Dell, and from that time Alienware plans to be presented worldwide.

In the modern portfolio, these are some Alienware products: two desktop gaming stations, three models of game laptops, two classes "replacement desktop" and one mobile, as well as a line of accessories.

## Other websites
Alienware website
Back to the Known

***Back to the Known*** is the second EP released by Bad Religion. The EP was released in 1985. The name of the EP is a reference to the band no longer playing the progressive rock music of its previous album, 1983's *Into the Unknown*, and returning to its punk roots.

;
List of genetic disorders

This is a **list of the most common genetic disorders** in humans. If known, the type of mutation is shown, and the chromosome involved.

*P – Point mutation, or any insertion/deletion entirely inside one gene
*D – Deletion of a gene or genes
*Dup - Duplication of a gene or genes
*C – Whole chromosome extra, missing, or both (see chromosomal aberrations)
*T – Trinucleotide repeat disorders: gene is extended in length

Many other conditions are known to be partly or wholly inherited, but their genetic basis is not yet clear. A good example is "clefting" (cleft lip and palate), which occurs up to 4 per 1000 in Native Americans and some Asian populations, but which is almost unknown in African populations. About 20 genes are under investigation.

Another important and common example is schizophrenia. Estimates of the heritability of schizophrenia are between 70% and 80%. This means 70% to 80% of the individual differences in risk to schizophrenia is associated with genetics.

## Most common disorders 
## References
Salal

**Salal** is the common English name of a plant in the family Ericaceae. The Lewis and Clark Expedition found it in North America. The expedition took place from 1804 to 1806. Frederick Traugott Pursh first described it. The official botanical name is *Gaultheria shallon*. It is also known as **shallon** or **Gaultheria** in English. The plant was introduced to Great Britain in 1828. Today, it is often used for flower arrangements. It was also used as a cover for pheasants. The plant also has medicinal properties. It is used for treatment of inflammation and cramps. The plant is called "Shallon-Scheinbeere" in German language. The young leaves and berries can be eaten.
Chancel

in Rome, showing the chancel.]]
, also in Rome.]]
The **chancel** is a part of the architecture of many churches. It serves as a  between the part of the church accessible to lay people and the choir, which was reserved to the clergy. The rood screen has the same function, but a different layout. The Iconostasis is a kind of chancel which is richly decorated, and is used in Eastern Orthodox churches. 

The chancel is where the congregation receives the blood and body of Jesus. The  chancel is usually found in a Roman Catholic church. The bread and wine are changed to the body and blood of Jesus through transubstantiation. The Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 required clergy made sure that the area was inaccessible to the public. The main altar of the church is usually in the area behind the Chancel.
Shapley Supercluster

The **Shapley Supercluster** or **Shapley Concentration** (**SCl 124**) is the largest concentration of galaxies in our nearby universe. 

It is a gravitationally interacting unit 650 million light years away (z=0.046). This means it pulls itself together, instead of expanding with the universe. It is an overdensity in the distribution of galaxies in the constellation of Centaurus. 

## History 
In the late 1920s, Harlow Shapley and his colleagues at the Harvard College Observatory started a survey of galaxies in the southern sky, using photographic plates obtained at the 24-inch Bruce telescope at Bloemfontein, South Africa. He found a 'cloud' in the constellation of Centaurus to be the most striking concentration of galaxies.

In recent times, the Shapley Supercluster was rediscovered, in a survey of galaxies at the University of Cambridge in England. In this paper, the supercluster was named after Shapley, in recognition of his pioneering survey of galaxies in which this concentration of galaxies was first seen. Around the same time, others had noticed a remarkable concentration of clusters in the Abell catalogue of galaxy clusters: they had named it the *Alpha concentration*.

## References
Jake Bugg

**Jake Bugg** (born 28 February 1994) is an English singer and songwriter. He was born and raised in Nottingham. He was chosen by the BBC to participate in the Glastonbury Festival in 2011. He got a contract with a record label after that.

His first album, *Jake Bugg*, was released on 15 October 2012. It came top of the charts in the UK and in Scotland. He has published seven singles from his album: "Trouble Town", "Country Song", "Lightning Bolt", "Taste It", "Two Fingers", "Seen It All" and "Broken".

Bugg released his second album *Shangri La* on 18 November 2013.

Bugg was nominated for "British Breakthrough Act" at the 2013 Brit Awards.

His third album *On My One* was released on 17 June 2016.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games

***Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games*** is a sports video game created by Sega Sports R&D and published by Nintendo. It is the first video game to have both *Mario* and *Sonic the Hedgehog* characters. It was released for the Wii in November 2007 and for the Nintendo DS in January 2008. It was the official video game of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.

## Gameplay
Players can play 24 events. Both versions have different events. The events are based off of the actual Olympic events played in real life. 16 characters are playable. They are separated into four categories: all-around, speed, power, and skill. In the Wii version, the player can also play as a Mii created in the Mii Channel.

## References
Fitts's law

'''Fitts's law''' is a theorem which states that the time needed to reach a surface is proportional to the distance from that surface, and to its size. Paul Fitts stated this theorem in 1954. Today, the theroem is mostly used for the development of user interfaces.
Deron Quint

**Deron Timothy Quint** (born March 12, 1976) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman. He played parts of eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, New Jersey Devils, Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Blackhawks, and New York Islanders.

He would also play for Eisbären Berlin and EHC Red Bull München of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL), as well as, Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk, Traktor Chelyabinsk, Spartak Moscow, and CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

During his last season playing professional ice hockey, Quint would sign a one-year contract and would help EHC Red Bull München win the championship after they defeated EHC Wolfsburg four games to one. He would retire after the year.

## References 
## Other websites
*
The Wanted

**The Wanted** are an English-Irish boy band. They are made up of five members: Max George, Nathan Sykes, Tom Parker, Jay McGuiness and Siva Kaneswaran. They formed in 2009 and released their first album in 2010. So far, they have released three albums: *The Wanted* (2010), *Battleground* (2011), and *Word of Mouth* (2013). These reached the fourth, fifth, and ninth place in the UK album charts. Their first single, *All Time Low*, reached number 1 in the UK singles chart. In 2011 they also recorded the song "Gold Forever" which was the official single for Comic Relief.

## Members 
;Current members
*  - lead and backing vocals (2009–2014; 2021–present)
*  - lead and backing vocals (2009–2014; 2021–present)
*  - lead and backing vocals (2009–2014; 2021–present)
*  - lead and backing vocals (2009–2014; 2021–present)

;Former members
* Tom Parker - lead and backing vocals (2009–2014; 2021–2022; his death)

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
### Compilation albums 
### Extended plays 
### Singles 
## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
Carole Lombard

**Carole Lombard** (October 6, 1908 &ndash; January 16, 1942) was an American actress. She was one of the highest paid movie stars in Hollywood with the total of $500,000. She was listed as one of the greatest female actors of all time.

Lombard was born on October 6, 1908 in Fort Wayne, Indiana United States She studied at Virgil Jr. High School and then at Fairfax High School. She was married to William Powell from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then she was married to Clark Gable from 1939 until her death in 1942. She had 3 stepchildren. Lombard died on January 16, 1942 in a plane crash in Mount Potosi, Nevada, United States of America aged 33 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Carole Lombard at Virtual History
*Carole Lombard at Find a Grave
Empire Records

***Empire Records*** is a 1995 teen romantic comedy movie. The subject is a record store in Delaware that tries to remain independent. Liv Tyler, Renée Zellweger and Robin Tunney play store officials. *Empire Records* got negative reviews from critics. The movie performed very poorly in the box office. The movie was released in September 1995.
Its soundtrack was rated excellent by many critics.