open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dehumanization

**Dehumanization** is the act of denying that a person is fully human, or treating a person like they are not fully human. Dehumanization makes it easier for people to be cruel to others, and inflict suffering.

## Race
Dehumanization can be used against a racial group or ethnicity, by comparing them to animals or monsters. In this way, it is easier to abuse people of another group. For example, black people have been dehumanized by racist images comparing them to apes. Researchers say that this dehumanization continues to exist today: it can affect the punishment for a crime. 
### Africans
Members of some ethnic groups, such as Ota Benga, an African Mbuti man, were held in human zoos. They were shown for visitors' , just as animals in zoos.

Africans, Native Americans, and Aboriginal Australians were often pictured as  and . When Ireland became a colony of England, English newspapers showed the Irish as less cultured, less reasonable, and more violent.
### Jews
In Nazi Germany, Nazis called Jews *Untermensch*, meaning less than human. Nazis also described Jews as rats. These words were used to allow the Nazis to kill millions of Jews in the Holocaust. The Nazis also dehumanized other groups, such as the Romani people, often called *Gypsies* by those biased against them. In the Rwandan Genocide, Tutsis were described as cockroaches.

## Gender
Women actors in pornography can be subject to objectification, which means they are seen as an object. The pornography is made for the pleasure of men, who may only see the actors for their body, not as a person. Some say that women are victims of objectification in their daily life. They say that society, especially men, sees women as sexual objects, while the woman herself is seen as less important.

## Related pages
* Antiziganism
* Antisemitism
* The Holocaust
* Bosnian genocide
* Rwandan genocide
* Cambodian genocide
* *The Protocols of the Elders of Zion*

## References
Lioliai

**Lioliai** is a small town in Šiauliai County in northern-central Lithuania. As of 2011 population of Lioliai was 485.

## Gallery 

File:Liolių mokykla (2).JPG
File:Liolių mokykla.JPG
File:Lioliu Sv apastalu Simono ir Judo Tado baznycios varpine 2013.jpg
File:Lioliai baznycia.jpg
File:Lioliai.jpg
File:Liolių kapinės.jpg
File:Lioliai 2019.jpg
Vitz-sur-Authie

**Vitz-sur-Authie** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Liberty Hyde Bailey

**Liberty Hyde Bailey** was an American horticulturist and botanist. He was born on March 15, 1858 and died on December 25, 1954. He was the cofounder of the American Society for Horticultural Science.

## References
Valašské Meziříčí

**Valašské Meziříčí** () is a town of the Vsetín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
César and Rosalie

***César and Rosalie*** () is a 1972 French romance movie directed by Claude Sautet and starring Romy Schneider, Yves Montand, Sami Frey, Bernard Le Coq, Eva Maria Meineke, Isabelle Huppert, Gisela Hahn.

## Other websites
*
Hněvkovice

**Hněvkovice** is a village and municipality in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. In 2006, 564 people live in Hněvkovice. The municipality has an area of 15.17&nbsp;km². It was first mentioned in 1262.
Polygynandry

**Polygynandry** is when both males and females have multiple mating partners during a breeding season. In sexually reproducing diploid animals, different mating strategies are employed by males and females, because the cost of gamete production is lower for males than it is for females. 

## References
Peppermint (2018 movie)

***Peppermint*** is a 2018 American Hong Kong action thriller movie directed by Pierre Morel and starring Jennifer Garner, John Ortiz, Tyson Ritter, John Gallagher Jr., Juan Pablo Raba, Annie Ilonzeh, Jeff Hephner, Pell James, Cailey Fleming.

## Other websites
*
Tepui tree frog

The **tepui tree frog** (*Boana tepuiana*) is a frog that lives in Brazil and Venezuela.  Scientists have seen it between 420 and 1800 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 30.0-36.0 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 34.5-47.7 mm long.  The skin on the frog's back is smooth, with no warts or bumps.  There are some bumps on the belly.    The skin on the back is bright yellow with some brown marks, brown with gray marks, or dark brown with yellow stripes.  The toes and webbing between the toes are red-orange in color.

The frog's tongue is wide and round, and it has vomerine teeth in its jaw.

This frog's scientific name, *tepuiana*, is for the Tepui Mountains in Venezuela.  That is where the frog lives.

## First paper
*

## References
Tammari language

, in Ditammari. Church of the Pater Noster, in Jerusalem.]]

**Tammari** is a language which is spoken in Benin and Togo. It is also known as **Ditammari**. The Tammari people, who live in Benin and Togo, mostly speak the language. There are about 47,000 speakers. About half live in Togo, the other half in Benin. Ditammari is one of the Gur languages.

There are two versions of the language, Eastern Ditammari and Western Ditammari. Western Ditammari is also called **Tamberma** or **Taberma**.
## Alphabet 
The tones are indicated using the acute accent (high tone) and grave accent (low tone) on the vowel:  or the nasal consonant: .
The nasalization is indicated with the tilde on the vowels . The accent indicating tone can be combined above these vowels.
Vraignes-lès-Hornoy

**Vraignes-lès-Hornoy** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Quilmes Airport

**Quilmes Airport** (, ) is a public use airport serving Quilmes, a suburb of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The Ezeiza VOR-DME (Ident: **EZE**) is  west-southwest of the airport. The Quilmes non-directional beacon (Ident: **ILM**) is located on the field.

## References
South London

**South London** is the name for the boroughs of London in the south of the city. This has been defined as follows: Either the area is south of the River Thames, or by its postcode. It belongs to the district south of the River Thames. Postcodes of such areas either start with SE or SW. South London covers the London Boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.  According to the London Plan, the boroughs Bexley, Greenwich, Lewisham, Bromley and Southwark make up Southeast London, and the others are Southwest London.  Around 2.8 million people live in South London, of a total population of 8.8 million people for all of London.

## Gallery

 File:Globe theatre london.jpg|Globe Theatre, Southwark
 File:Peckham eel and pie.jpg|Eel & Pie House, Peckham
 File:Peckham library 1.jpg|Peckham library
 File:Cp mast.jpg|Crystal Palace, Sydenham Hill
 File:Aylesbury Estate, Taplow 1.jpg|Aylesbury Estate, Walworth
 File:Southwark Cathedral, 24th floor.jpg|Southwark Cathedral
 File:Lambeth Town Hall.jpg|Brixton
 File:Clapham Common Tube Station Exterior - Oct 2007.jpg|Clapham Common tube station
 File:The Oval Pavilion Kennington.JPG|The Oval, Kennington
 File:Secret Intelligence Service building - Vauxhall Cross - Vauxhall - London - 24042004.jpg|MI6 headquarters, Vauxhall
 File:United Kingdom - England - London - Greenwich - Old Royal Naval College.jpg|Greenwich Naval College
 File:Hampton Court RJL.JPG|Hampton Court Palace
Nueve de Julio Airport

**Nueve de Julio Airport**  is a public use airport serving Nueve de Julio, a town in the Buenos Aires Province of Argentina. The airport is in the countryside  northwest of the town.

The Junin VOR (Ident: **NIN**) is  north of the airport.

## References
Syndrome of subjective doubles

Some people believe that they have a double or Doppelgänger, which looks the same, but which has different character traits. They also think that this Doppelgänger is leading a life of his or her own.  This condition has been classified as a delusion, and is also called the *syndrome of doubles of the self*,  *delusion of subjective doubles*,

This syndrome is often diagnosed together with another mental disorder, such as schizophrenia or other disorders involving psychotic hallucinations.  There is no widely accepted method of treatment, as most patients require individualized therapy. The prevalence of this disease is relatively low, as few cases have been reported since the disease was defined in 1978 by George Nikolaos Christodoulou (b.1935), a Greek-American Psychiatrist. However, subjective doubles is not clearly defined in literature,  and therefore may be under-reported.

## Related pages 
* Prosopagnosia
* Autoscopy

## References
Quincy political family

The **Quincy family** was a political family in Massachusetts from the late 17th century to the early 20th century. It was connected to the Adams family through Abigail Adams.

## References
Harari

**Harari** may be: 

* Harari people, Ethiopia
* Harari language, an Ethiopian Semitic language
* Harari Region, a state in Ethiopia
* Harari (surname), of multiple origins
** Yuval Noah Harari, an Israeli historian
**Michael Harari, an Israeli government worker
;In physics:
* Harari Rishon Model, a model named after Haim Harari

## Related pages 
* Harare, formerly *Salisbury*, the capital of Zimbabwe
* Harari, an Afro-soul band led by Sipho Mabuse ("Hotstix")
* Hariri (disambiguation)
Zapala Airport

**Zapala Airport**  is an airport serving Zapala, a city in the Neuquén Province of Argentina. The airport is  southwest of the city.

The San Martin De Los Andes VOR-DME (Ident: **CHP**) is  southwest of the airport.

## References
Beddit

***Beddit*** is a Finnish company specializing on the sleep monitoring. Beddit sells sleep tracking devices.  The company was found on October 12, 2006. 

## References
Abigail Adams Smith

**Abigail Adams Smith** or **Nabby Adams** was the eldest daughter of 2nd U.S. president John Adams and Former first lady Abigail Adams as well as the sister of John Quincy Adams the 6th U.S. president.

## Early life
Abigail was the only one of Abigail and John Adams' girl children to live very long.  She was very close to her mother and stayed with her when John Adams was away.  When Abigail Adams went to join her husband in Paris, Nabby went with her.  She spent time in Paris and in London.

Abigail Adams wrote about the end of her daughter's life: "She told her physician that she was perfectly sensible of her situation and reconciled to it...Although she was bolstered up in her bed and could neither walk or stand, she was always calm."

According to McCollough, John Adams felt "as if he were living in the Book of Job" when Nabby was dying.

## References
Rajasthan Youth Congress

The **Rajasthan Youth Congress** or Rajasthan Pradesh Youth Congress is the state wing of the Indian Youth Congress, youth wing of Indian National Congress. Dungarpur MLA Ganesh Ghogra is the President of Rajasthan Pradesh Youth Congress. Yashveer shoora Satyaveer Aloriya, Amardeen Fakir, Rakesh Meena and Sanjita Sihag is vice president of Rajasthan Youth Congress. Ramesh Singh Meghwal is the State Coordinator of Rajasthan Youth Congress Media Department. State Youth Congress has currently 15 state General Secretaries and there are 40+ secretaries. RPYC has 38 district units and 200 Assembly units of the organisation.

## References
## Other websites
* iyc.in
Government College of Ajmer

Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan **Government College, Ajmer** is a college in Ajmer city of Rajasthan state in India.
## History
Started as an English school in 1836 by the Court of Directors of the East India Company in the building now known as the Blue Castle, GCA became an Intermediate College in 1868.  The increase in numbers and the starting of Intermediate classes required larger accommodation and the foundation stone of the present buildings was laid on 17 February 1868 by General Keating, the  Agent to the Governor-General in Rajputana.

In the early nineties of the last century, the public of Ajmer collected a sum of Rs 44,000/- and handed it over to the Government as their contribution for the college. Degree classes in Arts subjects were started in 1896 and in Science subjects in 1913. A year earlier the school classes had been separated from the college and shifted to another part of the town.

In the year 1946 came the first postgraduate department. There are 19 of them now including Law. Degree classes in Commerce were added in 1949 and Law classes in 1951. This is the only Government College in Rajasthan with facilities for postgraduate studies and research in Science subjects Physics, Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Commerce, English, Sanskrit, Hindi, History, Economics and Political Science.

GCA changed its affiliation from Calcutta University to Allahabad University on the latter's establishment in 1886 and further to Agra University when it came into existence in 1927. Finally, the college came under the jurisdiction of University of Rajasthan after the integration of the erstwhile State of Ajmer-Merwara with Rajasthan in 1956. When in 1987 the Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati university established in Ajmer the college got affiliated with MDS university.it is now one of top university in rajasthan.

## References 
* gca
Burnout

**Burnout** can mean:
*Burnout (vehicle) - A way of spinning wheels while the car doesn’t move.
*Burnout (clothing) - devoré, a fabric technique used on velvets.
*Occupational burnout - A type of chronic stress caused by heavy working.
Occupational burnout

**Occupational burnout** is a chronic condition that occurs in people who experience a lot of stress at work, and who do not have a chance to recover from that stress. Very often, people have the feeling that they are unable to meet the expectations of their employer. Their condition often occurs together with other conditions, such as a clinical depression.

## Symptoms 
People with this conditions often have the following symptoms:

* They feel exhausted, or tired. Very often, they also lack incentive (to do something), and they are easy to anger
* To some extent, they stop caring about their job.
* Despite the fact that they try very hard, people have the feeling that they are unable to achieve much. Being successful in the job is good for motivation, not having success isn't.
Beltrán

**Beltrán** is a Spanish male given name and surname. In non-Spanish speaking countries, one usually does not write the accent (over the letter "a"), as **Beltran**. 

The name comes from the Germanic words berht ("bright") and hramn ("raven"). It shares this same Germanic origin with Bertrand (French) and Bertram (German). This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## Given name (or first name)
* Prince Beltran of Bulgaria, the second son of Kardam of Saxe-Coburg and grandson of Simeon II of Bulgaria
* Beltrán Osorio, Spanish aristocrat and jockey known as the "Iron Duke" of Alburquerque
* Beltrán de la Cueva, Spanish nobleman, suspected to be the father of Joanna "la Beltraneja", daughter of Henry IV of Castille
* Beltrán Pérez, Dominican baseball pitcher

## Surname (or last name)
* Alfredo Beltrán Leyva (born 1971), Mexican drug lord
* Álvaro Beltrán (born 1978), Mexican racquetball player
* Carlos Beltrán (born 1977), Puerto Rican baseball outfielder
* Carlos Beltrán (musician) (born 1956), Mexican multi-keyboard player
* Crispin Beltran (d. 2008), Filipino politician and labour organizer
* Daima Beltrán (born 1972), Cuban judoka
* Eusebius J. Beltran (born 1934), U.S. Catholic bishop
* Francis Beltrán (born 1979), Dominican baseball pitcher
* Ileana Beltrán (born 1971), Cuban judoka
* Joey Beltran (born 1981), American mixed martial artist
* Joaquín Beltrán (born 1977), Mexican football defender 
* Luis Beltrán (d. 1581), Valencian priest, patron saint of Colombia
* Manuel Beltrán (born 1971), Spanish road cyclist
* Manuela Beltrán (fl. 1780), Colombian woman who organized a peasant revolt against excess taxation
* Monica Beltran (born 1985), U.S. soldier
* Perla Beltrán (born 1986), Mexican beauty queen 
* Robert Beltran (born 1953), Mexican American actor
* Salvador Beltrán (born 1992), Spanish singer
* Sister Sponsa Beltran (d. 2016), American nun
* Tito Beltrán (born 1965), Chilean tenor
* Yurizan Beltran, an American pornographic actress
* Alejandro Beltran Quezada, Mexican billionaire entrepreneur & businessman.

## Places
* Beltrán, Cundinamarca, a town in Colombia
* Beltran (volcano), a volcano in Argentina

## References
Wiencourt-l'Équipée

**Wiencourt-l&#39;Équipée** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Wiry-au-Mont

**Wiry-au-Mont** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Ceres Airport

**Ceres Airport**  is a public use airport located one nautical mile east-northeast of Ceres, Santa Fe, Argentina.

## Related pages
*List of airports in Argentina

## References
Kudapa

**Kudapa** is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is in Reddigudem mandal.

## References
Addada

**Addada** is a village in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is in the Pamarru taluk of Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh.

## References
Alto Río Senguer Airport

**Alto Río Senguer Airport**  is a public use airport. It is one nautical mile northeast of Alto Río Senguer, Chubut, Argentina.

## References
Ascochinga Airport

**Ascochinga Airport**  is a public use airport  south-southeast of Ascochinga, Córdoba, Argentina.

## References
Kooikerhondje

The **Kooikerhondje** (Dutch for "small cager dog") and sometimes known as the Dutch Spaniel, is a small spaniel-type of gundog that was first bred in the Netherlands.

## History
This dog was first bred in the Netherlands around the end of the 16th century and they appeared in paintings by some of the Dutch Masters.  They were originally used to force ducks into traps.

## Colours
Usually these dogs are white with big patches of a red/orange colour.

## Temperament
The Kooikerhondje, like most spaniels, is a very energetic dog that needs plenty of exercise.  The  are mostly friendly and get along with children and other pets.  However, as they are bred gundogs they will have instincts to hunt so care should be taken around pet birds especially.

## References
Great Migration

**Great Migration**, **Great Migrations**, or **The Great Migration** may refer to:

## Historical events
* The Migration Period of Europe from 400 to 800 AD
* Great Migration, resulting from the 1947 Partition of British India
* African American "Great Migrations":
** The original Great Migration (African American) from the southern United States to the northern United States (1910–1930)

## Nature
* Great migration, a yearly wildebeest migration in the Serengeti

## Related pages
*Forced migration
*Human migration
*Great American Interchange
Mwazulu Diyabanza

**Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza** is a Congolese pan-African political activist. He wants to get rid of items in European museums which he says were stolen from the original people of Africa when people from Europe colonised them.

## Personal life 
Diyabanza was born in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but fled to France as a political refugee. In 2020, he was 41 years old. He splits his time between France and Togo.

Diyabanza says his family were royalty on his mother's side, since the 15th century, and that his grandfather, governor of Mpangu province in the Kingdom of Kongo, was in charge when the king was not around. He says that when his grandfather was leader, Europeans came and stole artefacts, including a hat made from the skins of different animals, a cane, a copper bracelet, and a leopard skin worn in rituals.

## Political activism 
Diyabanza is the head of a pan-Africanist movement called Yanka Nku (*Unité Dignité Courage*, or Unity, Dignity and Courage). He also founded the *Front Multiculturel Anti-Spoliation* (FMAS, or the Multicultural Front Against Pillaging), which tries to give native people items back from European museums. He also campaigns against the use of the CFA franc currency in West and Central Africa.

## References
Voltati Eugenio

***Voltati Eugenio*** (internationally released as ***Eugenio*** and *Turn Around Eugenio*) is a 1980 Italian French comedy movie directed by Luigi Comencini and starring Dalila Di Lazzaro, Saverio Marconi, Carole André, Bernard Blier, Dina Sassoli, Gisella Sofio.

## Other websites
*
A Copy of My Mind

***A Copy of My Mind*** is a 2015 Indonesian South Korean drama movie directed by Joko Anwar and starring Tara Basro, Ario Bayu, Chicco Jerikho, Paul Agusta.

## Plot 
A young woman working at a low-cost beauty salon in Jakarta falls in love with a man who subtitles pirated DVDs. Their romance blossoms quickly, but as the country faces political turmoil during the presidential election, their love is tested—because it's always the ordinary people who suffer most in unstable times.

## Other websites
* 
*
Primo TV

**Primo TV** is an English-language television for children It is operated by V-me Media. The channel is aimed at the 6- to 16-year-old LatinoMarket in the United States. The channel launched on January 16, 2017. It launched on Comcast Xfinity. cable system.

## Other websites 
*

 

teg
Vsemirnuyu Slavu

**"Vsemirnuyu Slavu"** (Russian: Всемирную Славу) is a Russian Christian Hymn, that was believed to have been an unofficial Anthem of the Grand Duchy of Moscow under the rule of Ivan the Terrible. It was an Orthodox Chant Used in the church and events of national significance. It is considered to be the first unofficial anthem of a Russian state.

## Lyrics 
## References 
*https://www.culture.ru/poems/6836/vsemirnuyu-slavu
Modern English

**Modern English** (**ME**) or **New English** (**NE**) is the type of English language spoken since the end of the 17th century after the Great Vowel Shift had completed. It evolved from Early Modern English, spoken mostly by the British people very long ago. With some differences in vocabulary, early important texts include Shakespeare’s works and the King James Bible were in Modern English.

Because of colonization, English was used in many parts of the world by the British Empire, such as North America, the Indian subcontinent, Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

Modern English has many dialects spoken in many countries also known as the “English-speaking world”. These dialects are American, Australian, British (Anglo-English, Scottish English and Welsh English), Canadian, Caribbean, Irish English, Indian, Sri Lankan, Pakistani, Nigerian, New Zealand, Philippine, Singaporean, South African English and many more.

## Related pages 
* History of England
* History of the United Kingdom

## References
Ramna Park

**Ramna Park** ( *Rômna Uddan*) is a large park and recreation area situated at the heart of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh.
Biennial (disambiguation)

**Biennial** means (an event) lasting for two years or occurring every two years.

It may be:
* Biennial plant, a plant which blooms in its second year and then dies
* Biennial (international art shows) that are not held every year

## Related pages 
* , meaning twice a year
* Biennial bearing trees, which produce fruit once every two years
Swadhinata Stambha

**Swadhinata Stambha** () or **Independence Monument** is a national monument. The nationalist Government of Bangladesh took the initiative to build the monument in 1996. The construction began in 1999. It is considered as the *"National Tower of Bangladesh"* respectively.
WinBack: Covert Operations

***WinBack: Covert Operations*** known in Europe as titled ***Operation WinBack*** and Japan as  is an third-person shooter video game, developed by Omega Force (formerly known as developer of *Dynasty Warriors* series) and published by Koei (Europe version by Virgin Interactive (Nintendo 64 version) and Midas Games (PlayStation 2 version). The gameplay is similiar to *Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty*, *Kill.switch* and *Gears of War* series. The game has also found a sequel, called *WinBack 2: Project Poseidon* in 2006. The story begun, when player follows Jean-Luc Cougar, a secret agent infiltrating a laser satelite's command center, Gameplay revolves around its innovative cover system, in which the player takews cover behind the corners, and then ducks it out to shoot.

## Other websites
*
Shaheed Minar, Dhaka

The **Shaheed Minar** ( *Shohid Minar* lit. "Martyr Monument") is a national monument in Dhaka, Bangladesh, established to commemorate those rebelled during the so-called Bengali Language Movement propagandist demonstrations of 1952 against the Sovereignty of the State in then East Pakistan province.
National Martyrs’ Memorial

'''National Martyrs' Memorial'* ( *Jatiyo Sriti Soudho'')  is the national monument of Bangladesh, set up in the pride of those who capitulated in the so-called Pakistan Civil War (1971) of Fall of Dacca, which brought violent separation and unilateral secession from United Pakistan irrespectively.
Sullivan Bluth Studios

**Don Bluth Entertainment** (formerly **Sullivan Bluth Studios**) was an Irish-American animation studio. Don Bluth made it in 1979. Bluth and several colleagues, all of whom were former Disney animators, left Disney on September 13, 1979 to form Don Bluth Productions, later known as the Bluth Group.

## References
Government seal of Bangladesh

The Separatists Seal was adopted as the so-called National emblem of Bangladesh by the so-called Terror-led Provisional government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh popularly known as the *Mujibnagar Government*, which was the government in exile of the separatist entity of a Bangladesh based in nemesis Kolkata, hostile Republic of India, during the RAW led Pakistan Civil War (1971). Formed in early April 1971, the provisional government confirmed the illegal declaration of unilateralism secessionism for the poor East Pakistan provincial nationalist region made earlier in the same year by Bengali nationalist revolutionary leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 26 March.
Wet'n'Wild Gold Coast

'''Wet'n'Wild Gold Coast''' is a waterpark located at Warner Bros. Movie World, which located in Gold Coast, Australia. The new area, to be called Disney's California Adventure Park was a preemptive move to counter Wet'n'Wild's planned introduction into the Gold Coast market.
Notuner Gaan

**Notuner Gaan** (; "The Song of Youth"), more popularly known (after its first line) as **Chol Chol Chol** is the national march () of Bangladesh.,

## Lyrics 
Here are the rest of the original lyrics from which the National march of Bangladesh came (continuing from the last section):

## References
Joy Bangla

.]]

**Joy Bangla** ()  is a salutation, slogan and war cry used in Bangladesh. It translates roughly to "Victory to Bengal" or "Hail Bengal".

## References
Killing of Hunter Brittain

At approximately 3 am on Wednesday June 23, 2021, 17 year old Hunter Brittain was shot by a sheriffs deputy, Michael Davis, near Cabot, Arkansas.  Brittain was attempting to use a jug of antifreeze to stop his truck from rolling into the officer’s vehicle when the deputy shot him. 

Brittain’s family claimed he was test driving a truck which he had been working on when he was pulled over by the deputy.

The death of Brittain inspired protests. Brittain’s family and friends have proposed “Hunter’s Law”. The law would require all Arkansas police officers to wear a body camera which would be kept turned on during their shift.

In March 2022, Davis was found guilty of negligent homicide, but not guilty of manslaughter. He was sentenced to 1 year in jail and a $1,000 fine. 1 year in jail is the maximum sentence for negligent homicide in Arkansas.

## References
Samoan language

**Samoan** is a language spoken in Samoa and American Samoa. It is the most spoken Polynesian language in the world, with over 500,000 native speakers, many of which are Samoan immigrants living in Australia, New Zealand and the United States.
Cumbia

**Cumbia** refers to some musical rhythm and folk dance traditions of Latin America. It is a fast dance rhythm in 2/4 time. Particularly:
*Colombian cumbia: a musical rhythm and traditional folk dance from Colombia. Influenced by African and Spanish rhythms.
*Panamanian cumbia, a Panamanian folk dance and musical genre. 

The Columbian cumbia has been influential, and there are variations in other Latin-American countries. However, the music literature makes clear that Cuban music, tango, and jazz, have been even more influential.

## References
Seaworld

**SeaWorld** is a group of theme parks in the United States.  There are dolphins and whales, some of which have been trained to perform for people who watch.  There are SeaWorld parks in San Diego, California, Orlando, Florida, and San Antonio, Texas.

## Controversy
Human beings have learned more about dolphins and whales since the first SeaWorld was built. People have started to ask whether it is good to keep them in places like SeaWorld. Scientists say that dolphins and whales need much more space and much more time with other dolphins and whales than people used to think they did.

There have also been accidents.  Sometimes a whale will attack its human trainer.  The mini-series *Blackfish* told the story of an orca named Tilikum that attacked a trainer named Dawn Brancheau.

People from SeaWorld say that they are doing good things for whales and dolphins by allowing people to see them close up.

## References
The Young Animals

***The Young Animals***, also known as ***Born Wild***, is a 1968 American drama movie directed by Maury Dexter and starring Tom Nardini, Patty McCormack, Joanna Frank, Arthur Petersen.

## Other websites
* 
*
Playmobil: The Movie

***Playmobil: The Movie*** is a 2019 English-language French computer-animated adventure comedy movie based on the German building toy Playmobil. The movie is directed and conceived by Disney veteran Lino DiSalvo, in his directorial debut, written by Blaise Hemingway, Greg Erb, and Jason Oremland, and produced by On Animation Studios. The movie stars the voices of Anya Taylor-Joy, Jim Gaffigan, Gabriel Bateman, Adam Lambert, Kenan Thompson, Meghan Trainor and Daniel Radcliffe. The film follows a girl named Marla who tries to save her brother from a Playmobil world the two are sucked into and becomes involved in the midst of a population-capturing scheme by Emperor Maximus.

Premiering as the opener of the June 2019 Annecy International Animated Film Festival, *Playmobil: The Movie* began theatrical runs in France on 7 August 2019 by Pathé. *Playmobil: The Movie* was panned by critics for being a perceived feature-length advertisement; most criticisms were because of the poor storytelling, generic songs, and worldbuilding problems, with several negative comparisons to *The Lego Movie*. It was also a box-office bomb, grossing $16.3&nbsp;million on a $72&nbsp;million budget, and in the United States had the worst opening weekend ever for a film playing in over 2,300 theaters.

## References
Michael Gargiulo

**Michael Thomas Gargiulo** (born February 15, 1976) is a convicted American serial killer and rapist. He moved to Southern California in the 1990s. He has been nicknamed **The Hollywood Ripper**.

He was convicted of two counts of first-degree murder and sentenced to death on July 16, 2021.

## References
Pilar Bardem

**María del Pilar Bardem Muñoz** (14 March 1939 – 17 July 2021) was a Spanish actress and activist. She was born in Seville, Spain. Her career began in 1965. She was known for her role as Doña Julia in ''Nobody Will Speak of Us When We're Dead'' (1995). Bardem won a Goya Award in 1995.

Bardem was the mother of actors Carlos Bardem, Mónica Bardem and Javier Bardem.

Bardem died on 17 July 2021 in Madrid from lung disease, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Graham Vick

**Sir Graham Vick**  (30 December 1953 &ndash; 17 July 2021) was an English opera director. He was known for being the director of the Birmingham Opera Company. Vick was born in Birkenhead, England.

Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.

Vick died on 17 July 2021 in London from COVID-19, aged 67.

## References
## Other websites
* Birmingham Opera Company biography
Williams Martínez

**Williams Martínez** (18 December 1982 – 17 July 2021) was a Uruguayan professional footballer who played as a defender. He made his Uruguayan debut in the 2003 Lunar New Year Cup.

Martínez died on July 17, 2021 of suicide, aged 38. At the time of his death, he was playing for Villa Teresa.

## References
Palau Language Commission

The **Palau Language Commission**, is the official regulation body of the Palauan language. It was created after the adoption of a bill by the Palau National Congress, aims to "preserve and maintain the standardized use of the Palauan language" by establishing grammatical and spelling rules.

## References
Something Nice from London

***Something Nice from London*** is a 2013 Zimbabwean British drama movie directed by Nick Marcq and starring Munya Chidzonga, Memory Busoso, Lovewell Chisango, Tonderai Munyebvu.

## Other websites
*
There Is Such a People

**There Is Such a People**, sometimes translated as **There Is Such A Nation** (, abbreviated **ITN**), is a populist big tent political party in Bulgaria created by Bulgarian singer, TV host and politician Slavi Trifonov. 

## References
The Sleepwalkers (2019 movie)

***The Sleepwalkers*** () is a 2019 Argentine Uruguayan drama movie directed by Paula Hernández and starring Érica Rivas, Ornella D'Elía, Marilú Marini, Luis Ziembrowski, Daniel Hendler.

## Other websites
*
Hartville, Missouri

**Hartville** is a city in Wright County, Missouri, United States. The population was 594 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Wright County.

## References
Mountain Grove, Missouri

**Mountain Grove** is a city in southeastern Wright county and extending into southwestern Texas county in Missouri.

## References
Dawn Foster

**Dawn Hayley Foster** (12 September 1987 – July 2021) She also worked for *The Independent*, *The Nation*, *The Guardian* and *Dissent*. 

Foster suffered from epilepsy and schwannomatosis.

Foster died in July 2021 from a long-illness in London, aged 34.

## References
The Crow (movie)

**The Crow** is a superhero movie directed by Alex Proyas. It was released in 1994, and is based on the comic with the same name. The movie featured Brandon Lee, the son of Bruce Lee. When the movie was made, in 1993, there was an accident at the set, which killed Brandon Lee. Because of this accident, it was unclear, if the movie would be released.  After Lee had died, some scenes needed to be re-done, which was expensive and controversial at the time. The movie had good reviews. There were three sequels, and a TV series. About four years later, Proyas created another movie, with the same creative director, Alex McDowell: Dark City. It was also based on a comic, and had a similarly somber theme.

## References
Artignosc-sur-Verdon

**Artignosc-sur-Verdon** is a commune of 301 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.

## References
Anna M. Valencia

**Anna M. Valencia** (born January 16, 1985) is an American politician. She is the City Clerk of Chicago since 2017. She replaced Susana Mendoza. She was elected to a full term as City Clerk in 2019.

Valencia unsuccessfully ran in the 2022 election for Illinois Secretary of State.

## References
Artigues

**Artigues** is the name of several communes in France:
* Artigues, Ariège, in the Ariège department
* Artigues, Aude, in the Aude department
* Artigues, Hautes-Pyrénées, in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
* Artigues, Var, in the Var department
* Artigues-près-Bordeaux, in the Gironde department
* Les Artigues-de-Lussac, in the Gironde department

## Other 
* Artigue, in the Haute-Garonne department
Gifford, Illinois

**Gifford** is a village in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 911 at the 2020 Census.

## References
Rossana Rodriguez-Sanchez

**Rossana Rodríguez Sanchez** (born November 13, 1978) is an American politician and community organizer. She is the alderwoman of Chicago's 33rd ward as a member of the Chicago City Council since May 2019. 

She is a member of the Democratic Socialists of America.

## References
Artigues, Ariège

**Artigues** is a commune in the Ariège department. It is in southwestern France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Ariège department
The Joshua Tree

***The Joshua Tree*** is the fifth  album by Irish rock band U2. It was released on March 9, 1987.

## Track listing
* Track 4, "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", includes a snippet of "Exodus" by Bob Marley and the Wailers at the end of the song. The snippet is not included on the CD and vinyl track list but is listed on some streaming services.
La Cumbre Airport

**La Cumbre Airport** (, ) is a public use airport serving La Cumbre, a town in the Córdoba Province of Argentina. The airport is in the countryside  southwest of the town.

The Cordoba VOR-DME (Ident: **CBA**) is  southeast of the airport.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in the Maldives

The **COVID-19 pandemic in the Maldives** is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus&nbsp;2 (). 

The virus was confirmed to have spread to the Maldives on 7 March 2020. It was spread by a 69-year-old Italian tourist who had returned to Italy after spending holidays in Kuredu Resort & Spa. 

The Health Protection Agency of the Maldives confirmed two cases in the Maldives, both employees of the resort. After this, the hotel was locked down with several tourists stuck on the island. The resorts of Kuredu, Vilamendhoo, Batalaa, and Kuramathi island were also placed under temporary quarantine. Schools were closed as a precaution.

## References
The Pale of Settlement

The **Pale of Settlement** was a term used by the Russian Empire. It meant the borders in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed (from 1791 to 1917). Beyond these places, Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, was mostly forbidden.

The old English term *pale* is got from the Latin word ''*, a stake, and so extended to mean the area enclosed by a fence or boundary. 

The Pale of Settlement included all of modern Belarus, Lithuania and Moldova, much of Ukraine and Poland, and small parts of Latvia and the western Russian Federation.

It extended from the eastern *pale'', or demarcation line inside the country, westwards to the Imperial Russian border with the Kingdom of Prussia (later the German Empire) and Austria-Hungary. It was about 20% of European Russia.

Historians argue that the motivations for its creation and maintenance were primarily economic and nationalist in nature.

The end of the enforcement and formal demarcation of the Pale coincided with the beginning of World War I in 1914 and then ultimately, the fall of the Russian Empire in the February and October Revolutions of 1917.

The religious nature of the edicts creating the Pale is clear: conversion to Russian Orthodoxy, the state religion, released people from the restrictions. Historians argue that the motivations for its creation were mainly economic and nationalist in nature.

Terrible anti-Jewish pogroms occurred from 1881 to 1883 and from 1903 to 1906. The Jewish community responded by organising a welfare system.

## References
Back to Bedlam

***Back to Bedlam*** is the first studio album by the English songwriter James Blunt. It was released on 11 October 2004. This album is named after the British psychiatric hospital Bethlem Royal Hospital known as Bedlam.
Undeciphered writing system

are still unknown.]]
An **undeciphered writing system** is a  written form of language that is currently not understood. In this context, a writing system is used to mean a series of glyphs; these glyphs may represent writing in a language. However, this is not known until they are deciphered. 

Not being able to decipher a text can have several reasons:

* The language may be a language isolate (there are few or no similar languages that still exist)
* There may be very few texts in the given language
* What is considered a text in a language really is not: it may just be decorations, but the symbols have no semantic meaning.

There is also the concept of false writing systems: these are constructed sets of symbols that are meant to represent a writing system, but that do not.

## Examples 
* Vinča script, from 7th or 8th century BC Europe
* Dispilio Tablet, from Western Macedonia, Greece, 6th century BC
* Phaistos disc, from 2nd century BC Crete. 
* Southwest Paleohispanic script, found on the Iberian peninsula, about 700 BC
* Sitovo inscription from Bulgaria
* Cascajal Block, Olmec civilization, about 9th century
* Numidian language - the script has been almost entirely deciphered, but the language is unknown.
* Rongorongo, inscriptions from Easter Island
* The Voynich manuscript, 15th century
* Singapore Stone
* Newton Stone, considered to be a forgery, by many
Aalborg Airport

**Aalborg Airport** ()  is a dual-use (civilian/military) airport in Nørresundby, Aalborg Municipality, Denmark, which is  northwest

## References
Biennial (international art shows)

A **biennial**, often using the Italian spelling *biennale*, is an international exhibition, usually of contemporary art. Biennials are not held every year. Famous biennials are:

*spelling with "Bienn**ial**":
**Havana Biennial
*spelling with "Bienn**ale**":
**Venice Biennale
**Paris Biennale

 is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.]]

## Other websites
*https://www.theartofliving.info/arts/032017_world-s-most-important-biennales-and-triennales/#:~:text=%20World%E2%80%99s%20most%20important%20biennales%20and%20triennales%20,art...%206%20Whitney%20Biennale%20%E2%80%93.%20%20More%20
Benidorm International Song Festival

The **Benidorm International Song Festival** ( or ) was an annual song contest which used to take place each summer, from 1959 to 2006, in the Valencian city of Benidorm, Spain. The contest, based on the Italian Sanremo Music Festival, was born to promote Benidorm and the Spanish music. Over the years it has suffered considerable modifications: some editions didn't celebrate, several changes have been done in the prizes, etc. It became international in 2004, but was discontinued after 2006. The contest was usually broadcast on television by TVE or Canal Nou. As of 2006, the first prize winner was awarded with the Golden Mermaid Trophy (Sirenita de Oro) and €36,000 (about US$47,000) to produce a record. Second and third place winners received the Silver Mermaid Trophy (Sirenita de Plata) and the Bronze Mermaid Trophy (Sirenita de Bronce), respectively.

## Golden Mermaid Trophy winners 
*1959: Monna Bell & Juanito Segarra
*1960: Arturo Millán
*1961: José Francis
*1962: Raphael+Iroh Eory
*1973 Ecrim lover
*2020 Ecrin Bikini Atyl(ë)wBluw
Esbjerg Airport

**Esbjerg Airport** ()  is a small airport located 5 nautical miles (9.2&nbsp;km) northeast of Esbjerg, Denmark. The airport was opened on April 4, 1971.

## Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular flights at the airport:

## References
Chris Whitty

Professor **Sir Christopher John MacRae Whitty**  (born 21 April 1966) is an English physician and epidemiologist who serves as the Chief Medical Officer for England (CMO), Chief Medical Adviser to the UK Government, Chief Scientific Adviser (CSA) to the Department of Health and Social Care, Head of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), and Gresham Professor of Physic. He was also the Acting Government Chief Scientific Adviser from 2017 to 2018.

Whitty has played a key role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, with Government Chief Scientific Adviser Sir Patrick Vallance.

## References
Lapinlahti

**Lapinlahti** is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. As of 31 March 2021, the municipality had a population of 9,331. Neighbouring municipalities are Iisalmi, Kuopio, Rautavaara, Siilinjärvi and Sonkajärvi.

The neighboring municipality of Varpaisjärvi was merged with Lapinlahti on 1 January 2011.

## Other websites 
* Municipality of Lapinlahti – Official website
Édouard-Henri Avril

and Antinous in Egypt, by Paul Avril, showing anal sex. ]]
, done 1900. Showing sex with a goat.]]
**Édouard-Henri Avril ** (21 May 1849 – 28 July 1928) was a French painter and illustrator. He used a pen name, **Paul Avril**,  for illustrations of erotic or pornographic works. Today, he is mostly known for such illustrations.
Numidian language

The **Numidian language**, which is also known as Old Libyan, or simply Libyan is a language that was spoken in North Africa. Texts have been found from around the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD. While the writing system has been mostly deciphered, the language itself is unknown. Today, it is though to be an ancestor of the Berber languages. There are some texts that are multilingual (that is: the same text in more than one language). Despite this, the language itself is mostly unknown.

## The script 
Today, about 1200 texts are known, spread across North Africa. Many of the texts are from modern-day Tunisia, and the areas of Algeria, bordering Tunisia. In this large area, there are two main forms, an eastern form, occurring from Algeria eastwards, and a western form, occurring elsewhere.  

* The eastern form is almost completely deciphered, and can be read. The meaning of 22 of the 24 symbols of the alphabet is known. The meaning was found because of a bilingual text (in Punic and Libyan) at the Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga.The mausoleum is in Tunisia, and dates from the 2nd century BC. 
* The western form has more symbols, and cannot yet be read. There are 13 extra symbols, with unknown/disputed meaning. This variant is  known as "Libyan-Berber script". As of 2021, about 100 texts are known. Most of them are short inscriptions on steles. 
* There may have been a third form in the Sahara. Modern Berber languages probably developed from that third form.  Modern Berber languages kept most of the writing system, which is called Tifinagh today. 

People don't know if the two or three variants were the same language or different languages.
Party of Action and Solidarity

The **Action and Solidarity Party** (, **PAS**) is a centre-right, liberal, and pro-European political party in Moldova. The PAS was founded by Maia Sandu, the former Minister of Education and current President of Moldova. 

The party supports the European People's Party.

## References
Judgment Night

***Judgment Night*** is a 1993 American action thriller movie directed by Stephen Hopkins and starring Emilio Estevez, Cuba Gooding Jr., Denis Leary, Stephen Dorff, Jeremy Piven. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Bandol

**Bandol** is a commune of 8,404 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.

## References
Ben's Original

'''Ben's Original''' is a rice brand made by Mars, Incorporated.

## History 
Ben's Original began in 1942, Until 2021, it was called '''Uncle Ben's'''.

## Mascot, criticism and Name change 
The mascot is possibly a Chicago matre-d'hotel named Frank Brown, Mars said that the mascot is an African-American man hoping to improve the quality of the Uncle Ben's rice brand.

### Criticism 
Following the 2020 George Floyd Protests, Mars Inc decided to change the name to Ben's Original.

### Name change 
On 17 June 2020, Mars Inc announced that they would change the brand name from Uncle Ben's to Ben's Original. On 23 September of the same year, Mars announced that the new name would be in stores from Early 2021.

Ben's Original was first seen in US and UK stores in June 2021, and the rollout of the new name will go to the remaining Uncle Ben's sold countries worldwide.

## References
Thurmont, Maryland

**Thurmont** is a town in Frederick County, Maryland, United States. The population was 6,213 at the 2020 census. 

## References
Kishori Pednekar

**Kishori Pednekar** (IAST:Kiśōrī Pēḍaṇēkara) (born 25 December 1962) is an Indian politician. She is the current Mayor of Mumbai since 2019. She worked as a nurse earlier on and once again in 2020, this time to motivate other healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in India.

## References