open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Esther Lungu

**Esther Nyawa Lungu** (born 2 June 1961) is a Zambian politician and public figure. She is also the widow of former President of Zambia Edgar Lungu. She was raised as a Catholic, but she and her husband are now Baptists. Lungu has campaigned against child marriage during her tenure as First Lady. She is the Chairman and mentor of Esther Lungu Foundation formed on December 2015 to empower women and children of Zambia. In May 2024, Esther Lungu was arrested for fraud.

## References
Fernando Collor de Mello

**Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello** (; born August 12, 1949) is a Brazilian politician. He was the 32nd President of Brazil from 1990 to 1992. He defeated Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the 1989 election. He resigned to try to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate. Collor was the first President directly elected by the people after the end of the Brazilian military government.

Later, after some time living in obscurity, Collor served as Senator for Alagoas from February 2007 to February 2023. He first won election in 2006 and was reelected in 2014. In August 2017, Collor was accused by Brazil's Supreme Federal Court of receiving around US$9 million in bribes between 2010 and 2014 from Petrobras subsidiary BR Distributor. On April 24, 2025, his immediate arrest was ordered to serve his sentence by the Supreme Court judge Alexandre de Moraes. In the early hours of April 25, he was arrested by the Brazilian Federal Police.

## References
Betty Kaunda

**Betty Kaunda**, born **Beatrice Kaweche Banda** (17 November 1928 – 18 September 2012)
was the wife of Kenneth Kaunda the first president of Zambia, and the 1st First Lady of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. She was locally called Mother of Zambia. As the First Lady, she was part of many diplomatic visits and matron of many organizations.
As a politician, she led a very simple life even after becoming the First Lady and never gave in to the luxuries of the position.

Betty was considered the national mother by Zambian citizens. Betty suffered from diabetes for many years. She died in the early hours of 19 September in Harare while visiting her daughter. Her burial was planned initially was Lubwa Mission, but was moved to the capital Lusaka on account of waning health of Dr. Kaunda.

## References
Krafla

**Krafla** is a volcano in the north of Iceland. It is a caldera. It is about  in diameter. The fissure zone is  long.

Krafla's  highest peak is  high.

Krafla includes the crater Víti, one of two well-known craters by this name in Iceland (the other is in Askja). The Icelandic word "víti" means "hell". In former times, people often believed hell to be under volcanoes. Víti has a green lake inside of it.

## History
The *Mývatn fires* occurred between 1724–1729, when many of the fissure vents opened up. The lava fountains could be seen in the south of the island. The lava flow destroyed three farms near the village of Reykjahlíð. Nobody was harmed.

Between 1975 and 1984 there was a volcanic episode within the Krafla volcano.

Since 1977 the Krafla area has been the source of the geothermal energy used by a power station.
Alcione

***Alcione*** is an extinct genus of nyctosaurid pterosaur from Maastrichtian-aged rocks from the Ouled Abdoun Basin in Morocco. It was one of six new Maastriichtian-aged pterosaurs described in 2018. Two of these pterosaurs are yet to be named.

## References
Pectodens

***Pectodens*** (meaning "comb tooth") is an extinct archosauromorph from Middle Triassic China.The type and only species of the genus is ***Pectodens zhenyuensis***, named by Chun Li and colleagues in 2017. It may be a member of the Protorosauria; an unusual combination of traits similar (such as the long neck) and dissimilar (such as the absence of a hook on the fifth metatarsal bone) to other members causes *Pectodens* to elude exact classification.
Townsend Coleman

**Townsend Putnam Coleman III** (born 28 May 1954) is an American voice actor who performed in many animated series and TV commercials beginning in the early 1980s. Among his most notable roles are Michaelangelo from *Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles*, Wayne Gretzky on *ProStars* and the title characters in ''Where's Waldo?* and the eponymous *The Tick*.

## Select filmography
* *Adventure Time* - Additional voices
* *Alice Through the Looking Glass* - Tom Fool
* *Animaniacs* - Katzeneisnerman (episode: "Hooray For North Hollywood Part 1")
* *Batman: The Dark Knight Returns* - Morrie, Civilian
* *Brandy and Mr. Whiskers* - Additional voices
* *The Buzz on Maggie* - Additional voices
* *Camp Lazlo* - Additional voices
* *CatDog* - Additional voices
* *Catscratch* - Additional voices
* *Danny Phantom* - Additional voices
* *Darkwing Duck* - Additional voices
* *Dave the Barbarian* - Additional voices
* *Dexter's Laboratory* - Additional voices
* *Dino-Riders* - Additional Voices
* *Earthworm Jim* - Additional voices
* *El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera* - Additional voices
* *The Fairly OddParents* - Additional voices
* *FernGully: The Last Rainforest* - Knotty
* *Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends* - Additional voices
* *Fraggle Rock* - Gobo Fraggle, Wrench Doozer and Architect Doozer
* *Gravity Falls* - Additional voices
* *Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi* - Additional voices
* *Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.* - Hercules
* *Inspector Gadget* - Corporal Capeman
* *Jem and the Holograms* - Rory "Riot" Lewellyn
* *Kim Possible* - Additional voices
* *Mighty Ducks* - Canard
* *Mighty Magiswords* - Neddy the Mallet, Beeswax Crown
* *My Life as a Teenage Robot* - Additional voices
* NBC advertising (1992–2009)
* *Poochini's Yard* - Additional voices
* *ProStars* - Wayne Gretzky
* *The Powerpuff Girls* - Additional voices
* *Saber Rider and the Star Sheriffs* - Colt
* *Space Cats* - Scratch
* *Superman: The Animated Series* - Additional voices
* *Teen Wolf* - Scott Howard
* *Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles*
** *1987* - Michaelangelo, Rat King, Krang (1989 alternate) and Shredder (1993 alternate - 7 episodes only), Usagi Yojimbo, Rahzar, Screwloose, Splinter (season 5 alternate), Burne Thompson (season 3 alternate), Jerry Spiegel, Electrozapper, Dalton Dumpsky, Fritz
** *2012* - 80s Michelangelo
** *Turtles Take Time (and Space)* - 80s Michelangelo
* *The Jungle King* - Additional voices
* *The Replacements* - Additional voices
* *The Tick
** *1994* - The Tick
** *2017* - Midnight/Onward (Voice)
* *Time Squad* - Additional voices
* *Timon and Pumbaa* - Vulture Police
* *Tiny Toon Adventures* - Additional voices
* *Transformers* - Mini-Cassette Rewind
* *Transformers Animated* - Sentinel Prime, Tracks
* ''Where's Waldo?* - Waldo
* *Yogi and the Invasion of the Space Bears* - Zor One
* *Woody Woodpecker'' - Wally Walrus

## References
East Palestine, Ohio

**East Palestine** (pronounced ''eest pal' uh steen*) is a village in eastern Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. In 2020, 4,761 people lived there. It is on the Ohio-Pennsylvania border.

## History 
East Palestine, originally named **Mechanicsburg** when it was platted in 1828 by Thomas McCalla and William Grate, underwent a name change in 1833. It adopted the moniker(*nickname'') "East Palestine," inspired by the Middle Eastern region of Palestine. This historical transition in naming reflects the town's evolution over the years.

### 2023 train accident 
On February 3, 2023, there was a train accident in the village. A freight train was carrying dangerous chemicals. The train went off the tracks and the chemicals escaped from some of the twenty or so freight cars that carried the chemicals. The East Palestine government declared a state of emergency the next day. Two days later, on February 6, the governor of Ohio said people had to leave ("evacuate") the area. He said they had to do this because the chemicals might explode. Then the chemicals were drained from the many freight cars into a trench and burned to get rid of them. Then the chemicals were burned. On February 8, people could return. 

The chemicals in the freight cars included vinyl chloride, butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, and ethylene glycol monobutyl. as well as a post office. 

## References
Olmsted Falls, Ohio

downtown]]
**Olmsted Falls** is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is a southwestern suburb of Cleveland.
Hocking County, Ohio

**Hocking County** is a county in Ohio. In 2020, 28,050 people lived there. The county seat is Logan. The county was founded on March 1, 1818.

## References
Brown County, Ohio

**Brown County** is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 43,676. The county seat is Georgetown. The county was created in 1818 and is named for Major General Jacob Brown, an officer in the War of 1812 who was wounded at the Battle of Lundy's Lane.

Brown County is part of the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Brown County was said to be the place of origin of the White Burley type of tobacco, grown in 1864 by George Webb and Joseph Fore on the farm of Captain Frederick Kautz near Higginsport from seed from Bracken County, Kentucky.

## References
Mason, Ohio

**Mason** is a city in southwestern Warren County, Ohio, United States. It is about  from downtown Cincinnati. 34,792 people lived there in the 2020 census.

In 2013, Mason was ranked seventh in Money Magazine's 2013 Top 50 Best Places to live in the United States. In 2008 and 2011, CNN named Mason one of the top 100 places to live in the United States.

## References
Fayette County, Ohio

**Fayette County** is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. In 2020, 28,951 people lived there. The county seat is Washington Court House.

## References
Musa ibn Jafar

**Musa ibn Jafar**, (Arabic: مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ) also known as **Al-Qazim** (the one who controls his anger) was the seventh Shia Imam, after his father Jafar ibn Muhammad. He is also highly respected among Sunnis, who consider him as a renowned scholar. There occurred division in Shias on the question of Imamate. Ismailis said that Ismail ibn Jafar, the eldest son of Jafar ibn Muhammad should be the next imam while the larger group Jafari (or Twelvers) considered Musa ibn Jafar to be the next imam.

## References
Olivooides

***Olivooides*** is an oogenus/genus of Cambrian-aged embryo fossil found in China. It was related to the Siberian *Markuelia*.

Most *Olivooides* fossils are in a late embryonic stage, having died before hatching.
Some show a hatched animal, conical with a star-shape surface, and stellae. They are pertural in the peak. There is an addition of striated tissue that indicates growth.

## References
Nicolas Den Hane

**Nicolas Den Hane** was a bailiff of Vlamertinge around the beginning of the 14th century (1300s). He was mentioned in an investigation of the Vierschaar of Veurne. He had to resolve a conflict between some citizens of Vlamertinge and Jan Vander Kerckhove, the bailiff of nearby Poperinge. The conflict was about defining two Flemings' grounds.

## References
President of the Soviet Union

The **President of the Soviet Union**, officially called **President of the USSR** or **President of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics** was the head of state of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gorbachev was the last person to hold the office. Gorbachev was also General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between March 1985 and August 1991. He was the 10th and the only executive President of the Soviet Union rather than his predecessors who were Ceremonial Presidents.
## References
Grumman C-2 Greyhound

The **Grumman C-2 Greyhound** is an American military aircraft used for transport duties. It serve only with the United States Navy on aircraft carrier. This kind of aircraft is known as COD for Carrier Onboard Delivery. In 2020 it will be replaced by CMV-22B Osprey.

## Bibliography 
* 
*
Talarurus

***Talarurus*** ( ; meaning "Wicker tail") is an extinct genus of ankylosaur dinosaur. It lived about 90 million years ago during the Upper Cretaceous  in what is now Mongolia. 

*Talarurus* was a hippopotamus-sized, heavily built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore. It could grow up to about  long. Like other ankylosaurs it had heavy armour and a club on its tail. *Talarurus* is one of the oldest known ankylosaurines from Asia and one of the better-known ankylosaurs from Mongolia.

## References
Credit Suisse

in Zürich]]

**Credit Suisse Group** is a Swiss bank. It is headquartered in Zurich.

The company was founded in 1856 as Schweizerische Kreditanstalt (SKA, ) jointly by Alfred Escher and the German bank Allgemeine Deutsche Credit-Anstalt which held 50% of the equity.

After the bank had financial problems because the customers lost confidence, it was decided to integrate Credit Suisse into UBS. This decision was communicated on March 19, 2023. 

## References
Grandview Heights, Ohio

**Grandview Heights** is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, United States. The population was 8,085 at the 2020 census.

## References
Green, Ohio

**Green** is a city in Summit County in the state of Ohio in the United States.

It is midway between the cities of Akron and Canton.

## References
Grove City, Ohio

**Grove City** is a city of Franklin County in the state of Ohio, United States. The population was 41,252 at the 2020 census. The city was founded in 1852.

The Gantz Homestead was built in 1832.

## References
Surriya Naseem

**Surriya Naseem** (; born 10 November 1967) is a Pakistani politician who has been the member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since May 2013.

## Early life and education 
She was born on 10 November 1967 in Faisalabad.

She got the degree of Master of Arts in Urdu from [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_College Murray College] in 1989. She also got the degrees of Bachelor of Education in 1990 and Master of Arts in Islamiat in 1998, both from the [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab University of the Punjab].

## References
Asad Ashraf

**Asad Ashraf** (; born 21 June 1963) is a Pakistani politician who has been the member of the Senate of Pakistan since March 2018. He has also been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab from 2002 to 2013.

## Early life and education 
He was born on 21 June 1963 in Lahore.

He got the degree of medicine from Allama Iqbal Medical College in 1986 and did his postgraduation in Cardiology from National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi in 1994. During his tenure as the member of the Punjab Assembly, he remained deputy parliamentary leader of PML-N in the Punjab Assembly.

He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as an independent candidate Constituency PP-138 (Lahore-II) in Pakistani general election, 2013 but was unsuccessful. He received 12 votes and lost the seat to Ghazali Saleem Butt. In the same election, he also ran for the seat of the National Assembly as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-118 (Lahore-I) but was unsuccessful. He received 16 votes and lost the seat to Muhammad Riaz Malik.

Ashraf was elected to the Senate of Pakistan from Punjab general seat as an independent candidate in by-election held on 1 March 2018. He received 298 votes against a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf who secured 38 votes. Ashraf was backed by PML-N which initially nominated him but he had to run in the polls independently after the Election Commission of Pakistan declared his nomination papers cancelled following the disqualification of Nawaz Sharif by the Supreme Court of Pakistan. He took oath as Senator on 12 March 2018.

## References
Time in New Zealand

**New Zealand Standard Time (NZST)** is a time zone that is used in New Zealand that is 12 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+12:00). New Zealand observes daylight saving time, called **New Zealand Daylight Time (NZDT)** which is 13 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+13:00). The Chatham Islands is at UTC+12:45 during standard time and UTC+13:45 during daylight saving time. The time zone there is called **Chatham Island Standard Time (CHAST)**during the non-daylight saving period and **Chatham Island Daylight Time (CHADT)**during the daylight saving period.

Daylight saving time starts at 02:00 on the last Sunday in September and ends at 03:00 on the first Sunday in April. The Chatham Islands switch at 02:45 and 03:45 on the same dates. The territory of Tokelau does not observe daylight saving time.

## References
Vera Tembo

**Vera Tembo** (born July 25, 1953) is a Zambian pastor, politician and member of the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD). She has served as the First Lady of Zambia from 1991 until her separation from her former husband, President Frederick Chiluba. Tembo was married to Chiluba, with whom she had nine children, for thirty-three years, until he announced their separation in 2000. Chiluba became President of Zambia in 1991, making Tembo the country's First Lady from 1991 until their divorce. She filed a $2.5 U.S. dollar lawsuit against Chiluba as part of the divorce settlement. The Zambian government offered Tembo financial assistance in May 2002 after she listed her personal possessions in an auction.

In March 2015, Tembo announced that she had become a Christian pastor and had founded a new church called the Healing International Ministry.

## References
Maureen Mwanawasa

**Maureen Mwanawasa** (April 28, 1963 &ndash; August 13, 2024) was a Zambian politician and former First Lady of Zambia from 2002 until 2008. She was also the widow of former President Levy Mwanawasa, who died in office in 2008. She was the past president of the Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS and founder of the Maureen Mwanawasa Community Initiative (MMCI) in 2002.

## Political career 
As early as 2006, Mwanawasa was seen as a potential candidate for president of the country, but following her husband's death she did not file as a potential candidate to represent her husband's party in the election.
In May 2016, Mwanawasa announced she was going to contest in the 2016 general election for the sit of Mayor of Lusaka under the United Party for National Development (UPND).
She however lost to the Patriotic Front (PF) candidate, Wilson Kalumba. Kalumba won the election with 270,161 votes, while Mwanawasa came in second place with 150,807 votes.

## Death
Mwanawasa died of a short-illness at a hospital in Lusaka, Zambia on August 13, 2024 at the age of 61.

## References
Derek Bickerton

**Derek Bickerton** (March 25, 1926 – March 5, 2018) was an English-born American linguist and academic. He was born in Cheshire, England. He was Professor Emeritus at the University of Hawaii in Manoa. His work was based in creole languages in Guyana and Hawaii. He proposed that the features of creole languages provide powerful insights into the development of language both by individuals and as a feature of the human species.

Bickerton died on 5 March 2018 at the age of 91.

## References
Marielle Franco

**Marielle Francisco da Silva**, known as **Marielle Franco**, (27 July 1979 – 14 March 2018) was a Brazilian politician, feminist, and human rights activist. She was on the city council of Rio de Janeiro from January 2017 until she was assassinated on 14 March 2018. She was part of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL).

Franco spoke out against Brazilian police hurting and killing people, as well as the recent federal intervention by Brazilian president Michel Temer in the state of Rio de Janeiro which resulted in the use of the army in police operations.

## References
Peter Freund

**Peter George Oliver Freund** (7 September 1936, Timişoara – 6 March 2018, Chicago) was a Romanian-born American professor of theoretical physics. He worked at the University of Chicago. He made important works to particle physics and string theory. He was also active as a writer.

## References
## Other websites
* Exquisite Corpse
Michael Watts (journalist)

**Michael Watts** (18 October 1938 &ndash; 5 March 2018) was a British journalist and broadcaster. He was best known for his ‘Inspector Watts’ column in the *Sunday Express* and other publications, which ran for over 35 years.

Watts's radio work for *BBC Radio 4* included twice-weekly consumer spots on *Up To The Hour*, and presenting *The Weekly World* and *News Stand*.

Watts died on 5 March 2018 in Nottinghamshire at the age of 79.

## References
Fiza Junejo

**Fiza Junejo** () is a Pakistani politician. She has served as the member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.

## Political career 
She won the National Assembly of Pakistan seat for women from Sindh on the ticket of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) in the Pakistani general election, 2008.

## References
Romania in World War II

During **World War II**, **Romania** started neutral. Romania then signed a pact with Adolf Hitler and Germany and joined the axis powers November 23 1940. On June 22, 1941, Romanian troops took part in the aggression against the Soviet Union Where they saw actions in Odesa and Stalingrad. In March-August 1944 the Soviets invaded and Romania changed sides on August 23 1944. the Romanian army fought with the Soviets where they saw action in Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

## References
Longan

**Longan** (scientific name: *Dimocarpus longan*) is the name for a tree in the *Sapindaceae* (soapberry) family. It comes from the southern part of Asia and is related to the lychee.

The fruit of the longan is white, , and together with its hard seed, looks like an eyeball when the shell is  off. This gave the fruit its name in Chinese, which means "dragon's eye". The English name is from its pronunciation in Cantonese, the dialect of southern China. The fruit is edible, has a  taste, and is often used for cooking. There is a lot of protein and dietary fiber.

Most longan trees are harvested in China, where the fruit was known as early as the Han dynasty and there are many legends about it. In the Western world, though, it was not known until near the end of the 18th century.

## References
## Other websites
*Top 10 Amazing Health Benefits of Longan
Augie Garrido

**August Edmun** "**Augie**" **Garrido Jr.** (February 6, 1939 – March 15, 2018) was an American professional baseball player and coach. He was born in Vallejo, California. 

Garrido was best known for his stints with the Cal State Fullerton Titans and Texas Longhorns. Garrido had a record of 1,975–919–9, retiring in 2016 as the coach with the most wins in college baseball history. He took his programs to 15 College World Series, winning five of them: three with Cal State Fullerton and two with Texas.

On March 12, 2018, Garrido suffered a stroke. He died three days later at the age of 79 in Newport Beach, California.

## References
Mohamed Sayah

**Mohamed Sayah** (; 31 December 1933 – 15 March 2018) was a Tunisian politician. He held a number of ministerial roles in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Sayah held many ministerial portfolios under President Habib Bourguiba. He retired when Zine El Abidine Ben Ali rose to power.

Sayah died on 15 March 2018 in Tunis at the age of 84.

## References
Boyukagha Hajiyev

**Boyukagha Hajiyev** (, (20 April 1958 – 16 March 2018) was an Azerbaijani professional footballer and football manager.

In 1999, he was appointed as a head coach of Araz Nakhchivan but club was dissolved a year later. In 2005, he worked in  Azerbaijan national football team, assisting Vagif Sadygov.

In 2006, he returned to Azerbaijan and worked as president consultant at FC Baku.

## Death
In February 2018, Hajiyev suffered a heart attack which left him hospitalized for a month. He died on 16 March 2018 from heart attack-related complications at the age of 59.

## Achievements
* Azerbaijan Premier League: (2005–06, 2011–12, 2012–13)
* Azerbaijan Cup: 2012–13, 2013–14
* Individual

** Shohrat Order: 2012

## Statistics
*Information correct as of match played 31 August 2014. Only competitive matches are counted.*

* **Notes:**

## References
Mike MacDonald

**Mike Allan MacDonald** (June 21, 1954 &ndash; March 17, 2018) was a Canadian stand-up comedian and actor. He wrote and appeared in several movies, including *Mr. Nice Guy*. MacDonald also appeared in such television shows as the *Late Show with David Letterman* and *The Arsenio Hall Show*.

MacDonald had bipolar disorder, and he supported the advocacy group Standup for Mental Health.

MacDonald died of heart failure on March 17, 2018 in Ottawa at the age of 63.

## References
Piani di Bobbio

**Piani di Bobbio** is a ski resort in northern Italy. It is located above Lake Como in the Valsassina valley. It is part of the commune of Barzio in the Province of Lecco. The ski area is situated between the province of Lecco and the province of Bergamo, very close to the city of Milan. Piani di Bobbio is 1694 metres above sea level and has 35 kilometres of ski runs.

In English "piani di Bobbio" means "the plains of Bobbio". The land originally belonged to a monastery called the Abbazia di San Colombano. The monastery was in Bobbio, a town in the Province of Piacenza. In the middle ages, the monastery used the land for grazing cattle in the summer. Development of the ski resort began in the 1950s.

## Related pages 
* Zuccone dei Campelli
* Campelli

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Zdeněk Mahler

**Zdeněk Mahler** (7 December 1928 – 17 March 2018) was a Czech writer, musicologist, pedagogue and screenwriter. He was born in Batelov, Czech Republic. He was known for his movies *Nebeští jezdci* (1968), *Den sedmý, osmá noc* (1969), *The Divine Emma* (1978), *Amadeus* (1984), ''Goya's Ghosts* (2007), and *Lidice'' (2011).

Mahler died in Prague on 17 March 2018 at the age of 89.

## References
Li Ao

**Li Ao** (, also spelled **Lee Ao**; 25 April 1935 – 18 March 2018) was a Chinese-Taiwanese writer, social commentator, historian, and independent politician. Li participated in the presidential election in 2000 as a candidate for the New Party. In 2004, he was elected to the Legislative Yuan. Two years later, Li was a candidate in the 2006 Taipei mayoral election. He represented the People First Party in the legislative elections of 2012.

Li died in Taipei on 18 March 2018 of brain cancer at the age of 82.

## Related pages
*List of Chinese writers

## References
Michel Raynaud

**Michel Raynaud** (; 16 June 1938 – 10 March 2018) was a French mathematician. He worked in algebraic geometry. He was a professor at Paris-Sud 11 University. In 1987 he received the Prize Ampère from the Académie des Sciences. In 1995 he received the Cole Prize, together with David Harbater, for his solution of the Abhyankar conjecture. 

In 1983 he published a proof of the Manin-Mumford conjecture.

Raynaud died in Paris on 10 March 2018 at the age of 79.

## References
Aviva

**Aviva plc** is a British multinational insurance company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It has about 33 million customers In the United Kingdom, Aviva is the largest general insurer and a leading life and pensions provider.

Aviva also has a focus on the markets in Europe and in Asia and, in particular, on the growth markets of China and South East Asia. Aviva is also the second largest general insurer in Canada. Aviva has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

## CGU
**CGU plc** was a large insurance group, created by the merger of **Commercial Union** and **General Accident** in 1998. The Company was listed on the London Stock Exchange.  It merged with Norwich Union in 2000 to form CGNU plc, later renamed Aviva plc.

## Commercial Union
Commercial Union was established following a conflagration near London Bridge in 1861, known as the Great Tooley Street Fire, which destroyed a number of warehouses and wharves along the River Thames as a result of which the fire insurance companies were hit by a series of massive claims. Consequently, they increased their fire insurance rates so dramatically that a group of local merchants and brokers decided to form their own company. This became known as the *Commercial Union Assurance Company Ltd.*

It purchased the Hand in Hand Fire & Life Insurance Society, the world's oldest fire insurance company, in 1905 and The Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation Ltd. in 1910 and it continued to grow by further acquisitions.

## General Accident
General Accident was a financial services firm formed by several mergers and acquisitions over several years. The General Accident and Employers' Liability Assurance Association Ltd. was founded in Perth, Scotland in 1885. It became the General Accident Assurance Corporation Ltd. in 1891.

General Accident acquired Yorkshire Insurance Company Ltd. in 1967. All general insurance business was relocated to Perth, with York becoming the centre for the new firm's life assurance and pensions business.

General Accident acquired Stevenage-based Provident Mutual Life Assurance Association in 1995, merging it with the GA Life and Pensions business as Provident Mutual Life Assurance Ltd. York became the centre of all life assurance business and Stevenage of all pensions business.

## Norwich Union
**Norwich Union** was the name of insurance company Aviva's British arm before June 2009. It was originally established in 1797. In 1997, it was demutualised and listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

On 29 April 2008, Aviva announced that the Norwich Union brand would be phased out and disappear over a period of two years, on the grounds that a consistent Aviva brand would bring "global impact".
Ironton, Ohio

**Ironton** is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is the county seat of Lawrence County. 10,571 people lived there in the 2020 census.

It is located in southernmost Ohio along the Ohio River, the city includes the Downtown Ironton Historic District.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official City Website
* Lawrence County Ohio Genealogical and Historical Website
* The Ironton Tribune
* Rally on the River
* Ironton Community Portal 
* Lawrence County Chamber of Commerce
* Ironton aLive
Kettering, Ohio

]]
**Kettering** is a city in Montgomery and Greene counties in the state of Ohio, United States. It is a suburb of Dayton.

57,862 people lived there in the 2020 census. Many people left nearby Dayton after World War II and moved to Kettering.

## References
Logan, Ohio

**Logan** is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is the county seat of Hocking County. 7,296 people lived there in the 2020 census. The city is in southeast Ohio, on the Hocking River 48&nbsp;miles southeast of Columbus.

The current mayor of Logan is Republican Greg Fraunfelter, who began a four-year term in January 2016.

## History 
Logan was incorporated as a city in 1839.

## Geography 
Logan is at  (39.539159, -82.406108).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that  is land and  is water.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Logan official website 
* Hocking County
* The Hocking County Fair 
* The Lilyfest
* Logan-Hocking School District
* Ohio History Central
* Logan Hocking Library
* The Bowen House
* Hocking Hills Chamber of Commerce
Qi Xin

**Qi Xin** (; born 3 November 1926) is a Communist Party of China member, writer and educator. She was born in Gaoyang County, Hebei. She has written many articles on her husband Xi Zhongxun.

Qi visited provincial and county-level schools set-up by the communist government as a consultant. It has been suggested that this position provided her family with relatively good protection during the Cultural Revolution.

She is the mother of Xi Yuanping and Xi Jinping, current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. She is also the mother of Qi Qiaoqiao (齐桥桥). Xi Mingze is her granddaughter.

## Related pages
*List of Chinese writers

## References
Xi Zhongxun

**Xi Zhongxun** (15 October 1913 &ndash; 24 May 2002) was a Chinese communist revolutionary and a political leader. He is thought to be among the first generation of Chinese leadership.

He helped the founding of Communist guerrilla bases in northwestern China in the 1930s. He was imprisoned and purged several times. He was married to writer Qi Xin.

## Personal life 
Xi is also the father of Xi Jinping, the current General Secretary of the Communist Party and President of China and also  Chairman of the Military Commission.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fermín IV

**Fermín IV Caballero Elizondo** (born in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico) is an, MC Mexican ex-member of the rap group Control Machete.

## Early life 
Fermin was bullied by students in school for having his name which sounds like an artist name which everybody thinks it's funny. He decides to do rap & he found a rap group called Cypress Hill, that's he's influence to make dark rap which his heart feel sad & negative.

## Musical career 
His musical training traces back to the adolescence, since some time referred to listen the Hip hop of the United States during this stage, doing allusion to his strong message of inconformity and open criticism to the society in general. From this moment, began to develop a musical project of low profile, called Profuga del Metate; same that shelved when deciding study medicine.

Time afterwards, restarted the music like his occupation and would not be but until 1996 where would debut with the group Control Machete in the Mexican scene.

For the year 2000, the same would leave by understood that would be abandoning Control Machete to devote  to a new project as solo under his own name. Event that owed  mainly to that Fermín had converteted to the Christianity and would leave the secular field to head to said public.

To the date oficia like shepherd in a Christian congregation of name Seed of Mustard in the Mexico City; nowadays his occupation is Pastor in "Semilla de Mostaza" without leaving the music but changing the thematic of his compositions to preach on The Salvation in Jesus Christ.

## Albums 
### Control Machete 
* Mucho Barato (1996)
* Artillería Pesada presenta (1999)
* Solo Para Fanáticos (2002)
* Uno, Dos:Bandera (2003)

### Solitary 
* Boomerang (2002)
* Odio/Amor (2017)
* Laberinto (2018)

## References
Neuroendocrine tumor

**Neuroendocrine tumors** (**NETs**) are neoplasms that starts from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous systems. Many are benign, while some are malignant. They most commonly occur in the intestine, where they are often called carcinoid tumors, but they are also found in the pancreas, lung and the rest of the body.

Many tests can be used to diagnose neuroendocrine tumours, including blood tests, urine tests, scans and a biopsy (where a small tissue sample is taken for closer examination).

## References
## Other websites
* The Neuroendocrine Cancer Awareness Network (NCAN)
Irrfan Khan

**Sahabzade Irfan Ali Khan** (7 January 1967 &ndash; 29 April 2020), credited as **Irrfan Khan** or simply **Irrfan**, was an Indian movie actor. He was born in Tonk, Rajasthan, India. In 2011, Khan was awarded the Padma Shri.

Khan has garnered the National Film Award for Best Actor in the 60th National Film Awards 2012 and a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor for his performance in *Paan Singh Tomar*. He also appeared in *The Namesake*, *The Darjeeling Limited*, the Academy Award winner *Slumdog Millionaire*, *Life of Pi*, *New York, I Love You*, *The Amazing Spider-Man*, *Jurassic World*, and *Inferno*.

In March 2018, Khan was diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumor. He died of colitis caused by the tumor in Mumbai on 29 April 2020, aged 53.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Irrfan Khan official on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/irrfanofficial/
* TIME Magazine coverage of Irrfan Khan 
* TIME Magazine photo feature 
* Irrfan Khan takes the comic turn
Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse

On March 15, 2018, a , recently erected section of the FIU–Sweetwater UniversityCity Bridge collapsed onto the Tamiami Trail (U.S. Route 41).

The pedestrian bridge was located in front of the campus of Florida International University (FIU) in University Park, a suburb west of Miami, Florida, United States.

The road beneath it had been opened to traffic. Several occupied vehicles were crushed underneath, and six deaths and nine injuries have been reported.

## References
Leonid Kvinikhidze

**Leonid Aleksandrovich Kvinihidze** (; 21 December 1937 – 13 March 2018) was a Russian screenwriter and movie director. He was known for his movies *Failure of Engineer Garin*, *The Straw Hat*, *Heavenly Swallows* and *Mary Poppins, Goodbye*.

Kvinihidze died in St. Petersburg on 13 March 2018 at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
Mike Frerichs

**Michael W. Frerichs** (born July 28, 1973) is an American politician. He is the State Treasurer of Illinois, having taken office on January 12, 2015. He was a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate, representing the 52nd District since 2007.

## References
## Other websites
*Illinois State Treasurer's Office
*Mike Frerichs for Illinois Treasurer
*Senator Michael W. Frerichs (D) 52nd District at the Illinois General Assembly
**By session: 98th , 97th , 96th , 95th 
*State Senator Mike Frerichs  constituency website
*
Juliana Stratton

**Juliana Stratton** (née **Wiggins**; born September 8, 1965) is an American politician and lawyer. Since 2019, she has been the 48th lieutenant governor of Illinois under Governor J. B. Pritzker. She is the first African-American woman ever elected to this office. Stratton is a member of the Democratic Party. She is currently the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate in the 2026 election. Stratton has been seen as a political progressive.

## Early life
Stratton was born to a schoolteacher mother and doctor father, and raised in the South Side of Chicago. Stratton earned a Bachelor of Science from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign and a Juris Doctor from DePaul University.

## Political career
Before becoming lieutenant governor, Stratton served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from January 2017 to 2019. She represented the 5th district.

On August 9, 2017, it was announced that Stratton would be J. B. Pritzker's running mate in the 2018 gubernatorial election.

In April 2025, following U.S. Senator Dick Durbin's retirement announcement, Stratton announced her candidacy in the Democratic primary for the 2026 Senate election to replace him. She won the Democratic nomination in March 2026, beating U.S. Representatives Raja Krishnamoorthi and Robin Kelly.

## Personal life
Stratton is married and is the mother of four daughters and lives in Bronzeville. She first married William Stratton, with whom she had three children; they divorced in 2016. She married Bryan Echols, who has one child. 

Stratton was among the first customers to purchase cannabis when Illinois began recreational sale of the drug on January 1, 2020.

## References
## Other websites
* Government website
Lin-Manuel Miranda

**Lin-Manuel Miranda** (born January 16, 1980) is an American composer, lyricist, playwright, singer, songwriter and actor. He was born in New York to Puerto Rican parents. He is best known for creating and starring in the Broadway musicals *In the Heights* and *Hamilton*. He co-wrote the songs for the Disney animated movies *Moana* and *Encanto*. He directed his first movie in 2021 with *Tick, Tick... Boom!*. He starred in the movie based on his play in 2020.

His awards include a Pulitzer Prize, three Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, a MacArthur Fellowship, and three Tony Awards.

## Acting Roles 
He played the starring role of Alexander Hamilton in the Broadway musical Hamilton. He played a small role of the Piragüero in the movie *In the Heights*.  He played Jack in *Mary Poppins Returns*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*Interview with Quiara Alegría Hudes in Guernica, July 2012
*
* Interview with Charlie Rose 
* Lin-Manuel Miranda at Discogs
* Lin-Manuel Miranda lyrics 
* Lin-Manuel Miranda at Last.fm
* Lin-Manuel Miranda at Genius.com
Harry G. Haskell Jr.

**Harry Garner Haskell Jr.** (May 27, 1921 &ndash; January 16, 2020) was an American businessman and Republican politician. He was from Wilmington. He was mayor of Wilmington from 1969 to 1973 and represented Delaware in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1957 to 1959.

Haskell Jr. died in Chadds Ford Township, Pennsylvania on January 16, 2020 at the age of 98.

## References
## Other websites
*Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 
*Delaware’s Members of Congress 
*The Political Graveyard
Roger H. Zion

**Roger Herschel Zion** (September 17, 1921 &ndash; September 24, 2019) was an American politician. 

He was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives from Indiana in the 1966 election to the 90th Congress and was re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1967 to January 3, 1975. Zion was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1974 to the 94th Congress, losing to Philip H. Hayes.

Zion died at his home in Evansville, Indiana on September 24, 2019 at the age of 98.

## References
## Other websites
John R. Schmidhauser

**John Richard Schmidhauser** (January 3, 1922 &ndash; February 21, 2018) was a retired American politician. He served one term as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from southeastern Iowa. He beat the incumbent Republican Fred Schwengel in 1964 but losing to Schwengel two years later in 1966, and again in 1968.

After his political career, he served as a professor at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California, a position he held from 1973 to 1992, except when serving as a visiting professor at the University of Virginia from 1982 to 1983, and at Simon Fraser University, in Burnaby, British Columbia, in 1984.  Since 1992 he has  been a professor emeritus at USC.

Schmidhauser died in Santa Barbara, California on February 21, 2018 at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
Bernard F. Grabowski

**Bernard Francis Grabowski** (June 11, 1923 &ndash; August 30, 2019) was a former U.S. Representative from Connecticut.

In 1962, Grabowski was elected U.S. Representative from Connecticut's at-large seat as a Democrat. He served in the Eighty-eighth and Eighty-ninth Congresses (January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1967). He lost re-election in 1966.

Grabowski died in Bristol, Connecticut on August 30, 2019 at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*  Retrieved on 2009-03-04
Catherine Small Long

**Catherine Small Long** (February 7, 1924 &ndash; November 23, 2019) was a Democratic former U.S. representative for Louisiana's 8th congressional district, serving from 1985 to 1987. She was the first female military veteran elected to Congress, having served as a WAVE in the United States Navy.

Long died of dementia-related problems on November 23, 2019 in Chevy Chase, Maryland.  She was 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
Arvonne Fraser

**Arvonne S. Fraser** (September 1, 1925 &ndash; August 7, 2018), was an American activist and educator. She was the Senior Fellow Emerita at the Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota and from 1993-1994 was the US Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women. From 1980 to 1993, she was First Lady of Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Fraser died on August 7, 2018 at a family retreat home near the St. Croix River in Hudson, Wisconsin at the age of 92.

## References
Donald M. Fraser

**Donald MacKay Fraser** (February 20, 1924 &ndash; June 2, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He served in the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota's 5th congressional district from 1963 to 1979. He served as the 44th Mayor of Minneapolis from 1980 to 1993.

Fraser died on June 2, 2019 in Minneapolis at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*Fraser, Donald MacKay, (1924– ). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Merwin Coad

**Merwin Coad** (September 28, 1924 &ndash; September 5, 2025) was an American politician. He was a Democratic U.S. Representative from Iowa's 6th congressional district for six years, serving from January 1957 to January 1963.

Coad died in Greenville, Texas, on September 5, 2025, at the age of 100. He was the last living former U.S. representative who took office in the 1950s.

## References
## Other websites
*
Howard C. Nielson

**Howard Curtis Nielson** (September 12, 1924 &ndash; May 20, 2020) was an American Republican politician.

He was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives from Utah and served four terms, from January 3, 1983 to January 3, 1991. While in Congress, Nielson sponsored two resolutions calling on Israel to reopen Palestinian schools and colleges.

He also cosponsored a bill to limit tobacco advertising.  He also was a leading proponent of releasing the names of people who tested positive for AIDS to Public Health Officials.

Nielson died on May 20, 2020 at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
Neal Edward Smith

**Neal Edward Smith** (March 23, 1920 &ndash; November 2, 2021) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa from 1959 until 1995. He was the longest-serving Iowan in the United States House of Representatives.

Smith turned 100 in March 2020. He died on November 2, 2021 in Des Moines, Iowa, at the age of 101.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kya Hua Tera Vaada

***Kya Hua Tera Vaada*** is an Indian television soap opera, it was aired on from Sony TV, 
The series will be created by Balaji Telefilms. 
And  produced by Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor
The series is starred by Mona Singh.

## References
IONISx

**IONISx** is a massive open online courses (MOOCs) provider. IONISx works with universities and other organizations, offering courses in physics, engineering, humanities, social sciences,  business, computer science, digital marketing, and data science, and in other subjects.

## References 
## Other website 
* IONISx
Franklin Graham

**William Franklin Graham III** (born July 14, 1952) is an American Christian evangelist and missionary. He engages in Christian revival tours and political commentary. He is president and CEO of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) and of Samaritan's Purse, an international Christian relief organization.

Graham became a "committed Christian" in 1974 and was ordained in 1982, and has since become a public speaker and author. He is also known for being a son of the American evangelist Billy Graham.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official site of Franklin Graham Festivals 
* Billy Graham Evangelistic Association – Franklin Graham biography
* *People* magazine – timeline history 
* Samaritan's Purse
* 
* http://www.religionnews.com/2015/08/18/franklin-grahams-salary-raises-eyebrows-among-christian-nonprofits/
Indohyus

shows its hind limb and pelvic bone structure (circled in red). This bone structure stays inside its body its entire life: it is a vestigial structure.]]

***Indohyus*** (meaning "India's pig") is a small deer-like creature, which lived about 49 or 48 million years ago in Kashmir, India. It belongs to the artiodactyls family *Raoellidae*, and is believed to be the closest sister group of Cetacea. It lived during the same time as the related *Pakicetus*. The two may have coexisted.

About the size of a raccoon or domestic cat, this herbivorous creature shared some of the traits of whales. It also showed signs of adaptations to aquatic life, including a thick and heavy outer bone coating. This is similar to the bones of modern creatures such as the hippopotamus, and reduces buoyancy so that they can stay underwater. This suggests a similar survival strategy to the African mousedeer or water chevrotain which, when threatened by a bird of prey, dives into water and hides beneath the surface for up to four minutes.

There are two known species of ***Indohyus***:
**I. indirae*
**I. major*

## References