open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Red (Taylor Swift album)

***Red*** is the 4th studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released on October 22, 2012. The album was worked on for two years, and has 16 tracks. The album was well received and sold well. It was considered by some to be one of the best albums to release in 2012. A re-recording of the album, known as ''Red (Taylor's Version)*, was released in 2021.

## Production 
Taylor Swift worked on *Red'' for two years. She wrote the songs and produced them with Nathan Chapman and other producers. With songs she wrote with other writers, she would demonstrate the song's style and played an early version of it to the co-writers. The album was worked in during the tour for her previous album, *Speak Now*. The first song made for *Red* was "All Too Well." As the album progressed, Swift produced several songs with Max Martin and Shellback. These songs were "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", "I Knew You Were Trouble", and "22." When the album's production ended, Swift had created 30 songs, with 16 being included on the final version.

## Release 
Swift announced *Red* on August 13, 2012. The announcement was followed by the release of the album's first single, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together". Four songs from the album were released in the four weeks before the album's release. The album was released on October 22, 2012.

In 2021, Swift released a re-recorded version of *Red* after a dispute with Big Machine Records. This version of *Red* is named ''Red (Taylor's Version)*.

## Reception 
*Red* sold over one million units in the first week of its release in the United States. It spent seven weeks at first place on the *Billboard* 200 chart. By August 2014, *Red* sold over eight million copies worldwide. *Red* was well received, with some considering it one of the best albums released in 2012. In 2023, the American music magazine *Rolling Stone* considered *Red'' to be one of the best albums of all time.

## References
Hans Jonk

**Hans Jonk** also known as **de Kip** (6 January 1948 - 8 August 2024) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a defender. He played 106 matches for FC Volendam.

## Biography
Jonk was a member of “de Kip” football family. He was a son of Trijn de Kip who was a sister of footballers Thoom Smit, Evert Smit, Hein Smit and Klaas Smit (de Kip) who were active during the 1950s. His brother Jan Jonk was also a footballer.

As a junior footballer Jonk was a member of the junior team of FC Volendam, reaching in 1964 and 1965 the final of the Dutch national championships. Later he became a member of the main senior team of FC Volendam and became professional from the 1970-71 season.

## References
Anangpal Tomar

**Anangpal II** or **Anangpal Tomar** was a Rajput ruler from the Tomara dynasty. He is known to have established and populated Delhi in the 11th century. The Tomaras ruled the parts of Northern India at different times. Anangpal Tomar is said to be the 16th and last Tomara ruler succeeded by the Chahamanas (Chauhan Rajput dynasty). He traced the lineage to the Chandravanshi Kshatriya kings, namely Arjuna from the epic Mahabharata.       
Earlier the Tomars were known as '*Tur*' which later changed to '*Tanwar*' and then to '*Tomar*'. The scholars  from IIT, JNU, BHU, Punjab University as well as renowned archaeologists from ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) have agreed that the caste of King Anangpal Tomar is Hindu Rajput. 

Tomar Rajput villages are found in large numbers in Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujrat. The most popular are the places like Gwalior, Bhind, Morena of Madhya Pradesh and the Satha 84 region of Uttarpradesh which has 60 villages of Sisodia Rajputs and 84 villages of Tomar Rajputs.''''

Some other notable Tomar/Tanwar Rajput rulers are as follows:

* Raja Man Singh Tomar of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
* Ramshah Tomar of Gwalior, the brave warrior who fought mughal emperor Akbar in the battle of Haldighati along with his sons and grandson as allies with Maharana Pratap

## References 
__INDEX__
Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's foil

The amateur foil was a competition in the 1900 Summer Olympics. It had 54 fencers. These fencers were from 10 nations. 39 of the 54 competitors were from France. For most rounds, skill was more important than winning. The event was won by all French fencers. Émile Coste, Henri Masson, and Marcel Boulenger were in 1st, 2nd and 3rd. They were all French. This was the second Men's foil in the Olympics where France was in 1st and 2nd place.

## Background
This was the second time this event was in the Olympics. It has been at every Summer Olympics except 1908. None of the fencers in 1900 also competed in 1896.

There were 10 nations in this Olympic Fencing tournament. 9 of these countries had never been in the men's foil before. These countries were Austria, Belgium, Haiti, Italy, Peru, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. France was in this event in 1896.

## Competition format
This event had 5 rounds. There were 4 main rounds, and a "repechage". The order was round 1, then quarterfinals, then repechage, then semifinals, then finals. In the first 3 rounds, fencers had a one match (or "bout"). The match results did not matter. Skill decided who went to the next round. The last two rounds (semifinals and finals) were round-robin. The actual results of the bouts decided who went to the next round. The normal foil rules were used. Touches had to be made with the tip of the foil. You had to hit the other person's torso. Priority chose the winner of double touches.

In round 1, there were 54 fencers. They went against each other in one bout bout. In each bout, there was one winner. A jury decided the 37 winners.

In the quarterfinals, there were now 37 fencers. One fencer would have no opponents. 3 fencers quit the tournament, however. This cancelled one bout. This also meant that one fencer fenced 2 times. The jury chose 10 fencers for the semifinals. They also chose 14 fencers for the repechage.

In the repechage, there were the 14 fencers from the quarterfinals. They went against each other in one bout. 6 of the fencers would advance. One of the 6 fencers quit the tournament, however. This meant that another fencer was chosen from the repechage.

In the semifinals, there were 16 fencers from the quarterfinals and repechage. They were put into 2 sections (or "pool"). Each "pool" had 8 fencers. They would all play against each other in their pool. The best 4 fencers in each pool went to the final. The worst 4 fencers in each pool went into a different final. They would compete for 9 to 16th place. This final was called the "classification 9–16 final".

In the finals, there were 2 finals. There was the "main final" and the "classification 9–16 final". The main final had the top 4 from each semifinal pool. The classification 9–16 final had the worst 4 from each semifinal pool. Each final had their own round-robin tournament.

## Schedule
## Results
### Round 1
### Quarterfinals
### Repechage
### Semifinals
#### Semifinal A
#### Semifinal B
### Finals
#### Classification 9–16
#### Final
## Final classifiation
## References
Hyloxalus anthracinus

The **South American rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus anthracinus*) is a frog.  It lives in  Ecuador.

## Body
The adult male frog is about 16.2–19.0 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 17.1-23.6 mm long. This frog has no webbed skin on any of its four feet. The skin of the frog's back is blurry with lighter marks. Some frogs also have black marks. There is a black line from the shoulder to the rear end. Big male frogs have darker bellies than small male frogs. Older female frogs have more spots on their throats than young female frogs. Female frogs have white bellies. The male frog's male organs are white in color.

## Name
Scientists named this frog *anthracinus* for anthracite coal because the frog's stripe are as black as coal.

## Home
This frog lives in a special kind of forest called paramo and in other forests on mountains where there is water in the air. People have seen this frog on bromeliads plants and under dead trees and rocks near streams. People have seen this frog between 2185 and 3860 meters above sea level.

Many of the places the frog lives are protected parks, for example Parque Nacional Sangay, Parque Nacional Rio Negro Sopladora, Parque Nacional Cajas, and Siete Iglesias.

## Young
Scientists think that the female frog lays eggs on the ground and that the male frogs carry the tadpoles to streams. 

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. People cut down trees where the frog lives to make farms and other things that people need. The fungal disease chytridiomycosis could also kill this frog.

## References
Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics

At the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, there were 7 swimming events. There were only men.  There were 76 swimmers. These swimmers were from 12 nations. The swimming was on the Seine river. It was between the Courbevoie Bridge and the Asnières Bridge.

## Medals
## Events
## Participating nations
There were 76 swimmers. These swimmers were from 12 different nations.

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## References
## References
* 
* 
* 
*
Major League: Back to the Minors

***Major League: Back to the Minors*** is a 1998 American  sports comedy movie written and directed by John Warren. It is the third installment in the *Major League* movie series (following 1989's *Major League* and 1994's *Major League II*) and is considered a standalone sequel. Like Major League II, Major League: Back to the Minors was released by Warner Bros. Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Bernardo Ruiz

**Bernardo Ruiz Navarrete** (8 January 1925 &ndash; 14 August 2025) was a Spanish professional road bicycle racer. He won the overall and climbers competition at the 1948 Vuelta a España. 

Ruiz went on to become the first Spaniard to take two wins in a single edition of the Tour de France in 1951, the first to finish on the overall podium at the Tour the year after, and the first to win a stage of the Giro d'Italia in 1955. He died seven months later on 14 August 2025 in Orihuela.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Tour de France results for Bernardo Ruiz
John Tinniswood

**John Alfred Tinniswood** (26 August 1912 – 25 November 2024) was an English supercentenarian. He became the oldest validated living man after the death of 112-year-old Shi Ping of China on 29 June 2024. He worked as an accountant for Royal Mail and Shell-Mex and BP before retiring in 1972.

Tinniswood died in Southport, England on 25 November 2024 at the age of 112 years and 91 days.

## References
Parihar Rajputs

**Gurjara-Pratihar** also spell as **Pratihara** or **Parihar** is a clan of Rajputs of northern India. The Pratihar Rajputs claim to be Agnivanshi Kshatriyas and descendants of Lakshmana, younger brother of Hindu Lord Rama.

## References
For All the Dogs

***For All the Dogs*** is the eighth studio album by Canadian rapper Drake. *For All the Dogs* was released on October 6, 2023.

During a concert at the Apollo Theater on January 21, 2023, Drake would tease a new album to the crowd. 

On June 23, Drake released a poetry book titled *Titles Ruin Everything*. For promotion, he would take out a full-page advertisement in *The New York Times* along with a QR code. When scanned, the message "I made an album to go with the book... They say they miss the old Drake, girl don't tempt me. For all the dogs" was shown and the album would be confirmed by both OVO Sound and Republic Records.

On August 21, Drake revealed the album's cover art. The artwork being a picture of a white goat with evil red eyes. The picture was drawn by Drake's son Adonis.

Amazon's Music would reveal the release date in a tweet "drizzy’s son has a future as a cover artist. new @drake august 25th!!" but would later delete it. Drake would then reveal the release date as September 22. Drake would later pushback the release date to October 6 because of the ongoing tour's schedule.

The album debuted at #1 on the *Billboard* 200, selling 402,000 album-equivalent units. The album would chart as 2023's largest streaming week of any album, the fourth-largest ever for an album, and was Drake's thirteenth number-one album in the United States. 

The album features the singles "Slime You Out" which was released on September 15, "8AM in Charlotte" on October 5, "Rich Baby Daddy" on October 13, "First Person Shooter" on October 31, and "You Broke My Heart" on November 28.

On November 17, 2023, Drake would release a bonus disc titled *For All the Dogs: Scary Hours Edition*. The bonus disc contained an extra 6 songs.

## Songs
## References
Archduchy of Austria

The **Archduchy of Austria** (; ) was a principality in Europe and a member of the Holy Roman Empire and the main area of the Habsburg monarchy. It was dissolved as a imperial state and replaced with the Upper and Lower Austria crown lands of the Habsburg monarchy after the Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, until it came back after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.

Archduchess of Austria was a title given to daughters of the Holy Roman Emperor or Austro-Hungarian Emperor, it is the Austrian version of princess. The male version was Archduke of Austria.

Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria was the first person to call himself Archduke. The Holy Roman Emperor recognized the title in 1453.

## References
Hotel Del Monte

The **Hotel Del Monte** was a large resort hotel in Monterey, California, from its opening in 1880 until 1942. It was one of the finest luxury hotels in North America. During World War II, it closed and the building was leased to the United States Navy. Later the Hotel Del Monte became the Naval Postgraduate School.

## History 
Charles Crocker, one of California's Big Four railroad leader in California, started the resort with the help of his company, the Pacific Improvement Company. The first hotel opened on June 3, 1880.

On February 28, 1919 Samuel Finley Brown Morse started a new company called Del Monte Properties Company. He acquired the land and buildings from the Pacific Improvement Company, which included the Del Monte Forest, the Del Monte Lodge, and the Hotel Del Monte.

There have been three buildings on this site. The first one was designed by architect Arthur Brown Sr., who used to work for the Southern Pacific Railroad. It was destroyed by fire on June 1, 1887 and was replaced. On September 27, 1924, the second hotel, also called Hotel Del Monte, was destroyed by fire. The area surrounding the hotel became known as Pebble Beach, California, now a world-renowned resort and golf course. The current building was built in 1926 and was designed by architects Lewis P. Hobart and Clarence A. Tantau. 

At the start of World War II, the U.S. Navy took over the Hotel Del Monte and turned it into a training school. In 1947, the Navy bought the hotel and the  of land around it for $2.5 million (). In 1951, the United States Naval Academy's postgraduate school moved from Annapolis, Maryland, to the old Hotel del Monte. Today, the hotel is called Herrmann Hall and is the main building of the Naval Postgraduate School. 

## References
## Other websites
* Naval Postgraduate School
* Historic photographs from the Naval Postgraduate School, many include the Hotel Del Monte
* “On the Monterey Peninsula” (Hotel Del Monte), *Shapes of Clay*
Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre freestyle

The men's 200 metre freestyle was a swimming event in the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It the shortest freestyle swimming event. It was on 11 August and 12 August 1900. There were 26 swimmers. These swimmers were from 10 different nations. Frederick Lane of Australia won. Zoltán Halmay of Hungary was in 2nd place. Karl Ruberl of Austria was in 3rd place.
## Background
This was the first 200 metres event in the Olympics. This event would also be in the 1904 Olympics. However, in 1904, the distance would be 220 yards. The 200 metres was not in the Olympics until the 1968 Summer Olympics. It has been at every Olympics since 1968.

Frederick Lane of Australia was the favorite swimmer in this race. He had won the British 220 yards championships in 1899. Rob Derbyshire of Great Britain was also a favorite swimmer. He had won the 1898 British championships. Derbyshire and Lane tied the British championships in 1900. However, Derbyshire had a stomach virus. He did not compete in the 1900 games. This easily made Lane the favorite. Zoltán Halmay of Hungary was probably the 2nd famous swimmer.

There were no official records in the 200 metres before this race. There would not be official world records until 1902. Otto Wahle had the fastest time in the first semifinal. His time was 2:35.6. This was the first Olympic record for this event. In the 5th semifinal, Karl Ruberl's time was 2:22.6. This became the new Olympic record.

## Competition
The competition was in 2 rounds. There was the semifinals and the final. There were 5 semifinal rounds. Each semifinal had about 12 swimmers. However, many swimmers quit before the race. This left 4-6 swimmers in each round. The fastest swimmer in each semifinal went to the final. The 5 fastest times also went to the finals. If you went to the finals because you won a round, that would not count as one of the fastest 5 times. This meant that there was 10 swimmers in the finals.

The races were in the Seine. This swimming event used freestyle swimming. This means that the stroke was not regulated.

## Schedule
## Results
### Semifinals
In the first round, there were 5 semifinals. The winner of each semifinal went to the final The 5 fastest losers also went to the finals. The semifinals were on 11 August.

#### Semifinal 1
#### Semifinal 2
#### Semifinal 3
#### Semifinal 4
#### Semifinal 5
### Final
The final was on 12 August. Wahle did not start in the final. Lane won easily. He was 6 seconds ahead of Halmay and Ruberl.

## Results summary
## References
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2011 movie)

***Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules*** is a 2011 American comedy film directed by David Bowers in his live-action directorial debut and based on Jeff Kinney's 2008 book of the same name. It stars Zachary Gordon and Devon Bostick. Robert Capron, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn and Peyton List also have prominent roles. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules was the first sequel of the franchise.

## Awards and nominations
* 2011 Kids Choice Awards
** Favorite movie (nominated) lost to The Karate Kid
* 32nd Young Artist Awards
** Best actor in a feature film (Zach Gordon) (nomination) lost to Jaden Smith
** Best supporting actor in a feature film (Robert Capron) (nomination) lost to Billy Unger
** Best supporting actor in a feature film (Alex Ferris) (nomination) Lost to Billy Unger.
** Best ensemble in a feature film (Zach Gordon, Robert Capron, Devon Bostick, Chloë Moretz, Laine MacNeil, Grayson Russell, Karan Brar and Alex Ferris) (Won)
** Best supporting actress (Laine MacNeil) (nomination) lost to Diandra Newlin and Stefanie Scott

## Cast
* Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley
* Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley
* Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley
* Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson
* Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley, Rodrick
* Fran Kranz as Bill Walter
* Peyton List as Holly Hills
* Karan Brar as Chirag Gupta
* Grayson Russell as Fregley
* Laine MacNeil as Patty Farrell
* Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley
* Bryce Hodgson as Ben
* Terence Kelly as Grandpa Heffley
* Belita Moreno as Mrs. Norton
* Andrew McNee as Coach Malone
* Alfred E. Humphreys as Mr. Jefferson
* Serge Houde as Mr. Salz
* Teryl Rothery as Mrs. Kohan
* Melissa Roxburgh as Rachel Lewis
* Dalila Bela as Taylor Pringle
Hyloxalus sauli

The **Saint Cecilia rocket frog** or **Santa Cecelia rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus sauli*) is a frog.  It lives in  Ecuador and Colombia.

## Body
The adult male frog is about 19.7-24.9 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 22.2-28.7 mm long. The skin of the adult male frog's back is brown or gray. The adult female frog has some cream-white color. Male frogs and female frogs have different colors on their bellies.

## Name
Scientists named this frog fro William Saul, who did good things for Santa Cecilia, Ecuador, and for the University of Kansas' Museum of Natural History.

## Home
This frog lives under dead leaves on the ground and next to streams in forest that has never been cut down and forest that was cut down and is growing back. People do not see them in places that human beings have changed. People have seen this frog between 220 and 800 meters above sea level.

Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks: Parque Nacional Yasuní, Reserva de Producción de Fauna Cuyabeno, Reserva Biológica Limoncocha, Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini.

## Young
Some scientists say the male frog calls to the female frogs and that male frogs fight each other. Male and female frogs stay together for months. The female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. The tadpoles are clear-brown in color with other brown marks and a black mark on the tail. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in not in danger of dying out. It is in some danger because people change the places where it lives to get wood to build with, make farms, make places for animals to live, and dig good metal out of the ground.

## References
Eugènie Herlaar

**Eugènie Herlaar** (Curaçao, 10 November 1939 – 14 August 2024) was a first news presenter. She is most known for being the first Dutch female news presenter of *NOS Journaal* in 1965.

In the 1960s it was assumed female news presenters were not desirable, and turned out from a British test of the BBC. Herlaar wrote to the NOS, she was hired and she proved the opposite. She made many reports, including the announcement of the birth of Prince Willem-Alexander. She was praised for her 'velvet voice' and received multiple prizes including twice the Order of Orange-Nassau (member in 1998 and knight in 2008) and a prize in 1966 by the “Nederlandse Vereniging voor Slechthorenden”.

## References
Minimum mass

In astronomy, **minimum mass** is the lower-bound calculated mass of objects like planets, stars, nebulae, and black holes.

Minimum mass is used a lot for extrasolar planets discovered by the radial velocity method. It is found using the binary mass function.

## References
Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck

"**Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck**" is a song by the American heavy metal band Prong. It was released in 1994 as the lead single from their fourth studio album, *Cleansing*. The song became the band's biggest hit. It peaked at number 80 on the UK singles chart for two weeks.

## Recording
Metal Hammer writer Stephen Hill states that "Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck" was built on fat hooks, straight-to-the-point beats and a downtuned, chugging riff that would later become a staple of the emergent nu metal scene. But although Snap... has one of Prong’s most iconic riffs, Tommy admits he can’t remember much about writing it."

“We didn’t want to do thrash or crossover,” Tommy Victor explains. “We didn’t know what to do, but we knew we didn’t want to do that. So we thought, ‘Let’s go back to floor-danceable metal’, the kind of thing that people wanted to listen to in clubs. Regular songs rather than Master of Puppets.”

## Legacy
“That song enabled Prong to have some longevity,” Victor says. “I look at it like this: it contributed to this career that I’ve had for so long. We’ve got something to preserve now, we’ve got our 13th album *State Of Emergency* coming out, that’s pretty cool. That legacy of Prong, to be able to continue that and still be on a record label, probably because of that song, it’s great. It still gets added to Spotify playlists, the numbers are good, and it doesn’t stop.”

A music video of "Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck" was released in 1994. It saw heavy rotation on MTV. It was also featured on an episode of Beavis and Butt-Head. The song has been covered by Dry Kill Logic, Demon Hunter, Six Feet Under and Grinspoon.

## Track listing
;Vinyl single

;CD single

## Personnel
;Prong
*Tommy Victor — vocals, guitar
*Paul Raven — bass guitar
*Ted Parsons — drums
*John Bechdel — keyboards, programming

;Technical credits
*Terry Date — producer, engineer
*Prong — producer
*Ted Jensen — mastering

## References
Tau Ceti e

**Tau Ceti e**, also called **52 Ceti e**, is a possibly real exoplanet orbiting (going around) Tau Ceti. It was detected in 2012 by using tools and their data to analyze if it was a planet. It would orbit between Venus and Mercury at a distance of 0.552 AU with an orbital period of 168 days. It has a minimum mass of 3.93 Earth masses. It was featured in Project Hail Mary.

## References
Monarchy of Thailand

The **monarchy of Thailand** is the constitutional form of government of Thailand (formerly *Siam*). The **king of Thailand** is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Chakri.

The monarchy's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace. 

The king of Thailand is head of state, head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, head of Buddhism and leader of religions.

## List of monarchs
### Chakri dynasty (1782–present)
## References
Endor (Star Wars)

The Endor system is a binary system in Star Wars. It is like the Tatto system. Endor is similar to Polyphemus. It has 9 moons: Salprezzar, Fentakka, Goouls, Haul, Makka, Kef, Bir, Korkar, and Sharls Vix the forest Moon of Endor.

## References
Nicolás Gutiérrez

Lieutenant Colonel **Nicolás Gutiérrez** was the temporary governor of Northern California twice in 1836. He first served from January to May and again from July to November.  

Gutiérrez was the temporary governor of California in 1836, during a turbulent period in the history of Mexican California.

## References
## Further reading
*
Pop metal

**Pop metal** (often confused with glam metal) is an umbrella term for commercial heavy metal. It's a fusion genre of heavy metal and pop music. It often has  catchy hooks and anthemic choruses. It became popular in the 1980s among acts such as Bon Jovi, Europe, Def Leppard, Poison, Mötley Crüe, and Ratt.

The term is also applied to some bands and artists that have formed since the 1990s that mix aspects of pop and heavy metal into their sound.

## Characteristics
Pop metal is a variation of heavy metal. Its's characterized by catchy pop-influenced hooks and guitar riffs. It was influenced by the anthemic choruses of arena rock. Sam Dunn, in his documentary, ''Metal: A Headbanger's Journey'', tries to differentiate pop and glam metal. He labeled the bands Def Leppard, Europe, and Whitesnake as pop metal,  but Mötley Crüe and Poison as glam metal.

## History
The catchy hard rock of Kiss, Van Halen, Thin Lizzy and AC/DC in the 1970s helped spawn the genre. The arrival of grunge in 1991 turned audiences away from pop metal. Andrew W.K., Architects, Bring Me the Horizon, Coheed and Cambria, Dead by April, Evanescence, Halestorm, Ghost, In Flames, In This Moment, Issues, Lacuna Coil, Poppy, Shinedown, the Pretty Reckless, We Are the Fallen, and Weezer.

## References
Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 1000 metre freestyle

The men's 1000 metre freestyle was an event in the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the middle length of the events. It was on 11 August and 12 August 1900. There were 16 swimmers. These swimmers were from 6 different nations. John Arthur Jarvis of Great Britain won the event. Otto Wahle of Austria was in 2nd place. Zoltán Halmay of Hungary was in 3rd place.

## Background
This was the only 1000 metre freestyle event in the Olympics. In 1896, they swam 1200 metres. The 1000 metres was supposed to replace the 1200. In 1904, the 880 yard and 1 mile replaced the 1000 metres. The 800 metres was used every year after that. The 1500 metres would not be used until 2020.

John Arthur Jarvis was most famous distance swimmer of the time. He was the favorite swimmer in the race.

## Competition
There was a semifinals and a final. There were 4 semifinals. Each semifinal had 4 swimmers. The fastest swimmer in each semifinal went to the final. The fastest 6 times also went to the final. If you were the fastest swimmer in your semifinal, you would not be counted in the 6 fastest times. This meant that the final had 10 swimmers.

The races were in the Seine.

## Schedule
## Results
### Semifinals
There were 4 semifinals. The semifinals were on 11 August.

#### Semifinal 1
#### Semifinal 2
#### Semifinal 3
#### Semifinal 4
### Final
The final was held on 12 August. Jarvis won easily. He was a minute faster than 2nd place.

## Results summary
## References
Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming

The men's underwater swimming was an event in the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was on 12 August. It was in the Seine river.

## Background
The 1900 games was the only underwater swimming event. I t was not watched enough to be used in other Olympic games.

## Competition
You were given 1 point for swimming for a second. You were given 2 points for swimming 1 metre underwater.  The distance was counted in a straight line.

## Schedule
## Results
## References
## Other websites 
* 1900 Summer Olympics swimming events results
Tomo Miličević

**Tomislav** "**Tomo**" **Miličević** (; born September 3, 1979) is a Bosnian-American musician and record producer. He was the lead guitarist of the rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars from 2003 to 2018. Born in Sarajevo but raised in the United States, Miličević moved to Troy, Michigan, in the early 1980s, where he became active in the local heavy metal scene and played in a number of bands, co-founding Morphic. In 2003, he joined Thirty Seconds to Mars, with whom he achieved worldwide recognition in the mid-2000s after recording the band's second album *A Beautiful Lie* (2005). Its full-length follow-ups, *This Is War* (2009) and *Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams* (2013), received further critical and commercial success.

Miličević has also worked as a collaborator and music producer. Throughout the 2010s, he was featured on a recording with Dommin and collaborated with Ivy Levan on a number of releases, including *Introducing the Dame* (2013) and *No Good* (2015). Miličević has experimented with various guitar effects and introduced influences from several genres of music into his own style.

## References
South Coast (California)

The **South Coast** is a region of California, making up roughly the southernmost third of the Californian coast. 

A Southern California coastal region is defined by California Environmental Resources Evaluation System (CERES) as including parts of six counties: the western section of Ventura, all of Orange, the majority of Los Angeles, the southwestern corner of San Bernardino, the western area of Riverside, and the majority of western San Diego. CERES calls this the South Coast Bioregion.

## Related pages
* Central Coast (California)
* North Coast (California)
* Southern California

## References
North Coast (California)

The **North Coast** of California (also called the **Redwood Empire** or the **Redwood Coast** in reference to the dense redwood forests throughout the region) is a region in Northern California that lies on the Pacific coast between San Francisco Bay and the Oregon border. It commonly includes Mendocino, Humboldt, and Del Norte counties and sometimes includes Lake and two counties from the San Francisco Bay area, Marin and Sonoma.

## Cities
Much of the area is rural containing few major cities. The only city with a population of over 100,000 is Santa Rosa (population 178,000) in Sonoma County, which is the largest city of the North Coast under the five-county definition. Eureka (population 27,000) in Humboldt County is the largest under the three-county definition. Despite their relatively smaller size to the major cities elsewhere in the state, many of the region's cities and towns have historical importance to the state or regional importance.

### County seats
* Del Norte: Crescent City
* Humboldt: Eureka
* Lake: Lakeport
* Marin: San Rafael
* Mendocino: Ukiah
* Sonoma: Santa Rosa

## Geography
The Pacific Ocean coast stretches from San Francisco Bay to Humboldt Bay and on to the border of Oregon. The coastline is often inaccessible, and includes rocky cliffs and hills, streams and tide pools. The coastline from Centerville Beach near Ferndale to the mouth of the Klamath River is mostly beach accessible and there are many small towns and a few cities along Highway 101, the main route through the region. The sparsely populated interior territory further inland is characterized by rugged, often steep mountains, bisected by rivers and their typically narrow valleys and canyons, and dense redwood, Douglas fir, and oak forests. The climate can range from coast side lands drenched with fog in mild winters and summers to inland reaches baked by hot sunshine on long summer days, which, at higher elevations, can be blanketed with snow in winter.

The southern portion of the North Coast is largely urbanized while the rest is mostly rural. The more remote northern areas are often referred to as being located "behind the Redwood Curtain." A segment of the coastline in Mendocino and Humboldt Counties is known as the Lost Coast, and is only accessible by a few back roads. Notable seaside beaches can be found at Marin Headlands and Point Reyes National Seashore in the south, with innumerable examples of remote or less used beaches north of the San Francisco Bay area.

## Related regions
* San Francisco Bay Area
* Northern California

## Related pages
* Central Coast (California)
* South Coast (California)

## References
Samir Mansour Library

**Samir Mansour Library** is one of the most important and largest libraries in Gaza City. It is located on the 30th Street, which includes three universities: Al-Azhar, Al-Aqsa University, and the Islamic University. The Kahil building was destroyed by Israeli airstrikes.

At its height, the library contained more than 400,000 books on religion, culture, literature, politics, economics, and children's stories, in addition to being part of a publishing house that focuses on publishing the works of Palestinian writers. It is a prominent cultural community center in the sector that serves the local community and Palestinian school students. The library was nominated for the Voltaire Prize in 2021.

## History 
The library was founded by Samir Mansour in 2000, who had worked with his father since 1980 in the field of printing and books. In the early 1980s, Mansour was just 15 years old when he took his first job, helping his father in the library. In 2000, he further developed his father's project by establishing a publishing house, and began publishing the works of local authors, which later became an essential outlet for Palestinian authors and educators, especially after the tight siege on the Gaza Strip in 2006.

## Destruction 
Israeli occupation of the West Bank
The library was first destroyed in May of the 2021 Israel-Palestine crisis by Israeli airstrikes, costing the library $700,000. Human rights lawyers Mahvish Roxana and Clive Stafford Smith launched a fundraising campaign for the library, which suffered from severe shortages of building supplies during its reconstruction due to the severe blockade of the Gaza Strip. However, it reopened in February 2022 in the presence of Palestinian Minister of Culture Atef Abu Saif and a number of writers and intellectuals after receiving support from around the world. It was rebuilt 100 meters from its previous location, and the opening was accompanied by posters reading “Like a phoenix from the ashes, we rise again”. The library returned with an area of 1000 square meters and 300,00 books

The library was severely damaged in the first weeks of the Israel–Hamas war. It contained more than 400,000 books before the bombing. The damage was filmed by Samir Mansour and posted to social media.

## References
Hoth

**Hoth** is an ice planet in *Star Wars*. Its star is just called Hoth and there are 6 planets in the hoth system. Hoth planet is the last one and the hoth system has 4 rocky planets.

## References
Room for Improvement

***Room for Improvement*** is the first mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake. *Room for Improvement* was released on February 14, 2006.

During an interview with *thebiz*, Drake would reveal *Room for Improvement* as the title of his mixtape. He would talk about working with producer DJ Smallz, who also worked with rappers such as Lil Wayne and Young Jeezy. Drake had created an entirely different album at first but it was never released because the computer that they were recording it on got a virus and crashed so they had lost all their work. When working on the mixtape somebody had broken into their studio but did not take anything. Drake would re-release the mixtape in 2008.

In 2018, a notebook that featured handwritten lyrics written for the album by Drake appeared up for auction. It features the songs "Special", "Do Me So Good", "Try Harder", "City Is Mine", "Do What You Do", "A Scorpio's Mind" and "Bad Meaning Good".

## Songs
## References
Mola (genus)

basking]]
***Mola*** is a genus of sunfish in the family Molidae. These giants usually feed on jellyfish. The type species of this genus is the massive ocean sunfish. When there are parasites, molas will breach to knock them off.

## Species 
The genus *Mola* has 3 species:

* *Mola mola* Linnaeus, 1758 (Ocean sunfish)
* *Mola alexandrini* Giglioli, 1883 (Giant sunfish)
* *Mola tecta* Nyegaard *et al*., 2017 (Hoodwinker sunfish)

## References 
# Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". *Bulletins of American Paleontology*. **364**: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-12-07.

## Other websites 
* Data related to  on Wikidata
Comeback Season (mixtape)

***Comeback Season*** is the second mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake. *Comeback Season* was released on September 1, 2007.

The mixtape include Drake when he was improving on his style of rapping and R&B music. The song "Bitch Is Crazy" would be the first song in which Drake would sing on. Songs on the album feature themes like love, failing relationships and life in the city of Toronto. The mixtape contains the single "Replacement Girl" with Trey Songz which was released on April 30, 2007. The video was the very first music video from a Canadian musician to appear on BET.

## Songs
## References
Molidae

**Molidae** is a family of giant ray-finned fish that include the famous ocean sunfish and others. They are part of the order Tetraodontiformes.

## Description 
The molas are different from other fishes. Instead, they have a large body looking like a giant fish head. They have the fewest vertebrae of any fish, with only 16 in *Mola mola*. Their skeleton is made of cartilage, much like a shark. They eat mushy animals like jellyfish and salps.

## Genera 
### Extant 
* Genus *Masturus* Gill, 1884
** *Masturus lanceolatus* (Liénard, 1840 - sharptail mola
* Genus *Mola* Blyth, 1860
** *Mola mola* Linnaeus, 1758 - ocean sunfish
** *Mola alexandrini* Giglioli, 1883 - giant sunfish
** *Mola tecta* Nyegaard et al., 2017 - hoodwinker sunfish
* Genus *Ranzania* Nardo, 1840
** *Ranzania laevis* Pennant, 1776 - slender sunfish

### Extinct 
* *Eomola bimaxillaria*
* *Austromola angerhoferi*

]]

## References 
# Tyler, James C.; Bannikov, Alexandre F. (1992). "New genus of primitive ocean sunfish with separate premaxillae from the Eocene of Southwest Russia (Molidae, Tetraodontiformes)". *Copeia*. **1992** (4).
# "World's heaviest bony fish identified and correctly named". *Springer.com*. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
Max Maeder

**Maximilian Maeder** (born 12 September 2006) is a Singaporen kitesurfer. He is the leading Formula Kite World champion. When he was 16 years old, he became the youngest winner in any Olympic sailing class competition. 

Maeder won the bronze medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the Men's Formula Kite event. He won the Formula Kite youth world champion in the years 2021 to 2023. He won many open championships across Europe, Asia and Pan America. He is the only competitor from Singapore to win a medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics. 

## Early life 
Maeder was born in Singapore to a family with mixed Eurasian heritage. His father, Valentin Maeder, is a Swiss German and his mother,  Hwee Keng Maeder, is Singaporean Chinese. He is the eldest among his two younger brothers. By the age of 11, Maeder had already competed in his first competitive race. in Singapore to Valentin and Hwee Keng (née Teng) Maeder. His father is a Swiss, and his mother is a Chinese Singaporean. He has two younger brothers, Karl and Valentin Jr., who are respectively 2 and 9 years younger. Maeder grew up in a household with many different races; In addition to his English, Maeder also understands Mandarin, German, Swiss German and French.  Maeder was homeschooled growing up.
*Nominated for The Straits Times' Athlete of the Year 2022
*Won the SNOC Sportsboy of the Year 2022
*Won the SNOC Sportsboy of the Year 2023
*Nominated for Rolex World Sailor of the Year 2023
*Won the SNOC Sportsboy of the Year 2024

## References
Nakba denial

**Nakba denial** is a form of historical denialism (saying that things that did happen didn't happen) about the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight and the things it caused, which Palestinians refer to collectively as the "Nakba" (). Underlying assumptions of Nakba denial mentioned by people who read and write a lot can include the denial of historically documented violence against Palestinians, the denial of a distinct Palestinian identity, the idea that Palestine was barren land, and the idea that Palestinians leaving their land was part of mutual transfers between Arabs and Jews justified by war.

## Laws 
### In Israel 
In 2009 the Israeli government banned uses of the term "Nakba" in school textbooks and required the removal of existing textbooks that mentioned it. In 2011, Israel passed a law known colloquially as the "Nakba Law" that allowed the government to refuse to pay the bills for to people and organisations that commemorated "Israel's Independence Day or the day on which the state was established as a day of mourning", or that denied the existence of Israel as a "Jewish and democratic state". While the original bill proposed to make this a crime for individuals, the proposed legislation was amended to refuse to give government money to organizations instead. Yehouda Shenhav wrote in 2019 that the Nakba Law had the opposite of its intended effect, because it made more people talk about the Nakba.

### In Palestine 
In May 2023, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas issued a decree defining the Nakba as a "crime against humanity", and making its denial a criminal offense punishable by up to two years in jail. The legislation echoed developments in Israel, where lawmakers in the hardline 37th government had proposed outlawing the waving of Palestinian flags.

### In Germany 
In March 2024, amid the Israel–Gaza war, Germany's Social Democratic Party and Christian Democratic Union Party issued a directive for the distribution of leaflets in high schools in Neukölln that dismissed the historical realities of the Nakba as "myth". By contrast, denial of the Holocaust in Germany is a very serious criminal offence.

## Notes 
### References 
## Other websites 
* Denying the Nakba, 75 Years Later: A Democracy in Exile Roundtable. DAWN.
* Nakba Denial. Arab-American Institute.
* Israel denies the Nakba while perpetuating it. Al Jazeera.
* Five things the United States knew about the Nakba as it unfolded. Middle East Institute.
* Erasing the Nakba, Upholding Apartheid: Atrocity Denial in the U.S. Media. Institute of Palestine Studies.
Rafah Municipality Public Library

**The Rafah Municipality Public Library** is located in the center of the Palestinian city Rafah in the far south of the Gaza Strip. The library has a hall where councils, seminars, lectures, conferences and workshops are held.

The library is managed by Talal Hamdan. and Maysoun Shaath is Secretary of the Children's Department.

## History 
The library opened in 1986.

In order to encourage people to read, and children in particular, the library has organized numerous campaigns in cooperation with the Ministry of Education and organizations who work with children, including the "Dad, Read to Me" campaign, and has also organized events within schools such as "School Library Week".

Talal Hamdan receives the management of the library.

The library underwent further reforms as part of the “Libraries for Change” project, implemented by the  and its partners. These repairs resulted in the library having a solar energy system that ensures the library’s full and continuous operation after it had been suffering from power outages of up to 12 hours a day. The project also helped provide modern computers and equipment for the library and train library staff to manage it. 

## Statistics 
In 2015, the library received more than 12,740 visitors, including four thousand children. The number of books at the library at the end of 2016 was about 42,000.

## References
Bajirao I

**Bajirao I** (also known as **Visaji Bajirao Ballal**) was the 7th and most powerful Peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha Empire. Born on August 18, 1700, he is regarded as one of the most  energetic leaders in Maratha history, second only to Shivaji. Bajirao became Peshwa when he was just twenty years old and was known for his quick decisions and love for military adventures.

## Early Life 
Born into a Brahmin family, he was one of the two sons of Radhabai and Balaji Vishwanath. His younger brother, Chimnaji Appa, also became a skilled and respected general in the Maratha armies and remained loyal to Bajirao throughout his life. Balaji Vishwanath, their father, was a strict disciplinarian and instilled strong values and a sense of adventure in both his sons. Bajirao often accompanied his father on military campaigns and witnessed his victories over the enemies of Shahu Maharaj, which had a lasting impact on him.

## Military Campaigns 
Throughout his career, Bajirao fought against many leaders and groups. Some of his notable opponents included: 

*Nizam-ul-Mulk

*His rival faction in Gujarat (Trimbakrao's Maratha faction)

## Death 
Baji Rao I died on the banks of the Narmada River. His death was caused by his body being worn out from the many wars and battles he had fought throughout his life.

## References
Wally Amos

**Wallace "Wally" Amos Jr.**  (July 1, 1936 – August 13, 2024) was an American television personality, businessman, and author. He was born in Tallahassee, Florida.  He founded the Famous Amos chocolate-chip cookie, the Cookie Kahuna, and Aunt Della's Cookies gourmet cookie brands. He hosted the adult reading program, Learn to Read. 

Amos died on August 13, 2024 from problems caused by dementia in Honolulu, Hawaii at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
* Famous Amos Cookies
* Uncle Wally's
* 
*
Malavika Mohanan

**Malavika Mohanan** (born 4 August 1993) is an Indian actress who works in Malayalam and Tamil movies. She made her acting debut in the Malayalam movie *Pattam Pole* (2013). Also known for playing the leading lady in the Malayalam thriller movie *The GreatF*

## Early life 
Malavika was born on 4 August 1993 and is the daughter of cinematographer K. U. Mohanan. She was born in the town of Payyanur in Kannur district of Kerala and grew up in Mumbai.

## Filmography
### Movies
### Television
### Music video 
## Awards and nominations 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Tahyna MacManus

**Tahyna MacManus** (born April 24, 1986) is an Australian actress. She is known for her roles as Perri Law in the television series *Blue Water High* and as Emma Silverfox/Emma Frost in the superhero movie *X-Men Origins: Wolverine* (2009).

In 2014, Tahyna married dancer Tristan MacManus. They have three children.

## References
## Other websites
*