open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
List of cities in Minnesota

## Minnesota 
Minnesota is a state in the United States. Minnesota is the state with the 22nd highest population in the United States. Minnesota has a population of . Minnesota has the 14th largest land area. Minnesota has  of land.

Minnesota is has 87 counties. There are 855 cities in Minnesota. The largest city in Minnesota is Minneapolis. Minneapolis has a population of 428,579. The state capitol of Minnesota is Saint Paul. Saint Paul has a population of 311,527.

## Cities in Minnesota 
## Related pages 
* List of counties in Minnesota

## References
Homer's Enemy

"'''Homer's Enemy**" is the twenty-third episode of the eighth season of ***The Simpsons*'''. It first aired on May 4, 1997.

## Other websites 
*
List of Fireman Sam episodes

*Fireman Sam* is a British animated children's television series started on November 17, 1987 in England that aired on CBBC.

## Episodes
### Original series (1987―1994)
IOS 26

**iOS 26** is the nineteenth major version of iOS, developed by Apple Inc. It was announced on June 9, 2025, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. Apple renamed the OS name to iOS 26 to match system years. It was released on September 15, 2025.

## Features and changes 
### Systems features and changes 
#### Design 
iOS 26 has a new design called "Liquid Glass", which changes everything from the lock screen to apps after over 13 years, when iOS 7 was redesigned with a flat style. 
#### Apple intelligence 
New Apple Intelligence features includes live translation, visual intelligence, Genmoji and Image Playground. 
#### Battery 
It has an adaptive power mode and battery settings got a new design. It has a charging time that tells users how long it is fully charged. 
#### Home screen and lock screen 
Since iOS 18 was announced, it has 'dark', 'light' and 'tinted' icon in home screen. It has a 'clear' icon in home screen that looks like a glass design with Liquid Glass. Users can resize time in lock screen. 
#### eSim management 
It has a eSim transfer with Android that directly to transfer between iPhone and an Android device without needing a QR code from the mobile carriers.
#### Ringtones 
iOS 26 has many new other reflections ringtones including the "Buoyant", "Dreamer", "Pond", "Pop", "Reflected" and "Surge". Not just reflection ringtones, but they also has a one ringtone called "Little Bird".

### Apps features and changes 
Users can create or vote polls in iMessage. The photo app was redesigned in iOS 18 but users say they do not like it, Apple redesigned the photo app with the navigation bar again and the camera app was redesigned too. It has a games app that access to all the games currently installed on the devices.

### Recovery Assistant 
Apple added new feature that automatically attempt to recover if devices does not boot up successfully.

## Supported devices 
iPhone XR, iPhone XS and iPhone XS Max will not be supported due to old hardware. Apple Intelligence only works on Apple A17 Pro chips and later. Here is a list of supported devices:

*iPhone 11
*iPhone 11 Pro
*iPhone 11 Pro Max
*iPhone SE (2nd generation)
*iPhone 12
*iPhone 12 mini
*iPhone 12 Pro
*iPhone 12 Pro Max
*iPhone 13
*iPhone 13 mini
*iPhone 13 Pro
*iPhone 13 Pro Max
*iPhone SE (3rd generation)
*iPhone 14
*iPhone 14 Plus
*iPhone 14 Pro
*iPhone 14 Pro Max
*iPhone 15
*iPhone 15 Plus
*iPhone 15 Pro
*iPhone 15 Pro Max
*iPhone 16
*iPhone 16 Plus
*iPhone 16 Pro
*iPhone 16 Pro Max
* iPhone 16e
* iPhone 17
* iPhone Air
* iPhone 17 Pro
* iPhone 17 Pro Max

## Version history 
The first developer beta of iOS 26 has been released on 9 June 2025 and the first developer beta of iOS 26 only available on iPhone 15 series and iPhone 16 series has been released again on 13 June 2025. The second developer beta of iOS 26 has been released on 23 June 2025. The third developer beta of iOS 26 has been released on 7 July 2025.
## Release history 
## Related pages 
*iPadOS 26
*macOS Tahoe

## References
## Other websites 
*Official websites
Invocation

**Invocation** is a form of supplication or prayer.

**Invocation** or **Invoking** can also be

## Computing
* Invocation, a method of starting a subroutine
* Implicit invocation, a style of software architecture in which a system is structured around event handling, using a form of callback

## Movies and television
* "Invocation" (*The X-Files*), a 2000 episode of the television series ''The X-Files'
* *The Invoking*, a 2013 American psychological thriller movie

## Poetry
* "Invocation, or The Eternal Father and Mother," a poem by Eliza R. Snow better known as "O My Father"

## Music
* Invocation, a British early music group led by Timothy Roberts
*"Invocation", a song by The Carpenters from their 1969 debut album *Ticket to Ride* 

### Albums
* *Invocation* (William Lloyd Webber album), 1998
* *Invocation* (Sympathy album), 2002
* *Invocation* (Dew-Scented album), 2010
* *Invocations/The Moth and the Flame* (Keith Jarrett album), 1980

* Invoke (disambiguation)
* Evocation (disambiguation)
Bonne-Espérance Abbey

The **Abbey of Bonne-Espérance** is in Vellereille-les-Brayeux, in the municipality of Estinnes, Belgium. It is about 4&nbsp;km southwest of the city of Binche.

## History 
In 1126, Raynard, the lord of Croix-lez-Rouveroy, gave part of his land in Ramegnies to Hugues de Fosses, the abbot of Prémontré. Hugues sent a group of Premonstratensian monks led by Odon. In 1127, they founded a new monastery. After moving several times, they finally settled in their current location around the year 1130.

In the 12th and 13th centuries, the community received many lands, covering thousands of hectares. The abbot Philippe de Harveng became well known as a scholar during this time. The abbey remained stable until the 14th century.

In the 16th century, political and religious troubles affected the region. The abbey was looted many times and became poor and in debt.

In the 17th century, the abbey started to rebuild its buildings. Rich supporters, including governors of the Spanish Netherlands, helped with money. After the French Revolution, the abbey was closed and sold. The remaining monks were able to buy it back, but it was hard to restart the religious life there.

In 1821, the monks gave the abbey to the diocese of Tournai. In 1830, the diocese created a school at the site. Today, it is known as the Notre-Dame de Bonne-Espérance College.

## Architecture and protection 
The buildings of the old abbey were not destroyed during the French Revolution. The whole site was protected as a historical monument in 1973. Since 1993, it has been listed as Exceptional Heritage of Wallonia.

## Other websites
Notre-Dame de la Garde

**Notre-Dame de la Garde** is a Catholic church in Marseille, France. It is built on a hill south of the Old Port (Vieux-Port) and is one of the most famous symbols of the city. The church is often called "la bonne mère" ("the good mother") by the people of Marseille.

## History 
### Early buildings 
A small chapel was first built on the hill in 1214 by a local priest named Pierre. In the 15th century, it became a place of pilgrimage. In 1516, King Francis I visited and decided to build a stronger fort on the hill to protect the coast. A small chapel was included inside this fort.

### 19th-century church 
The current basilica was built between 1853 and 1864 during the Second French Empire. It was designed by architect Henri-Jacques Espérandieu in a Neo-Byzantine style, which means it was inspired by Eastern Christian art and architecture. It replaced the old chapel.

## Architecture 
### Outside 
The church is built with green limestone and white marble. It has a large bell tower, 41 meters tall, with a big statue of the Virgin Mary holding baby Jesus on top. This golden statue is 11.2 meters high and weighs over 9,000 kg. The bell tower itself is 60 meters above the ground, and the church is built on a 149-meter-high hill, so it can be seen from far away.

### Inside 
The inside of the church has colorful mosaics covering over 1,200 square meters. Many of the mosaics show prayers of thanks, ships, and symbols of faith. The walls also display many small gifts and memorials from people who were saved from danger. These are called ex-votos and include paintings, medals, and even model ships.

## Religious and cultural importance 
Notre-Dame de la Garde is a very important religious site in Marseille. Sailors and fishermen have prayed here for protection for centuries. Many people still visit the basilica to ask for help or give thanks.

Every year on August 15, many people go there to celebrate the Feast of the Assumption of Mary.

## Tourism 
The basilica is one of the most visited places in Marseille. Visitors come to see the church and enjoy the great views of the city and the sea from the hilltop. You can reach it by walking, by road, or by a special tourist train.

## Protection 
Notre-Dame de la Garde is protected as a *Monument Historique* (Historic Monument) by the French government since 1917.

## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Notre-Dame de la Garde – Marseille Tourism
* Bells of Notre-Dame de la Garde
UCAC4 328-061594 b

**UCAC4 328-061594 b** is a T dwarf candidate located 130 light-years away in the constellation Hydra. It is also known as **CWISE J101017.43–242300.4**. It has an age similar to that of its star, but a few million years newer. Its temperature is unknown, but by being a T6-type brown dwarf, it has a temperature ranging from hotter than 600 kelvins but cooler than 1,300 kelvins.

UCAC4 328-061594 b orbits a red dwarf star. It star have a mass 1.19x larger than that of the Sun, and an age estimated to be likely 300 to 400 million years old. The star is also known as **2MASS J10104792-2427108**.

UCAC4 328-061594 b has one of the largest orbits known between brown dwarfs, known to be 19,000 AU (2.8 trillion km; 1.7 trillion miles) away from its host star. It is the ninth brown dwarf with the largest orbit known, being surpassed by SDSS J134403.83+083950.9. The brown dwarf has an orbital period of 2,402,178 years.

## References
Content marketing

**Content marketing** is creating and sharing useful information to attract and keep customers. It is a type of marketing that helps businesses by giving people helpful content instead of just trying to sell things directly. Companies use this type of marketing to build trust and show they are experts in their field.

## Differences from traditional marketing 
Content Marketing is different from traditional advertising. Traditional advertising tries to sell products directly through ads, commercials, and sales messages. Content marketing focuses on helping people by giving them useful information, entertainment, or education. Instead of saying "buy our product," content marketing says "here is some helpful tips to solve your pain point or achieve your goal."

## Types of content marketing 
* Blog posts and articles
* Videos and tutorials
* Podcasts
* Social media posts
* Email newsletters
* E-books and guides
* Webinars
* Case studies
* Online communities

## How it works 
Content marketing works by attracting people who are interested in a topic related to a business. For example, a cooking company might write blog posts about healthy recipes. People who read these posts might later buy the company's cooking products. The company builds trust by being helpful first, then customers are more likely to buy from them.

## Benefits 
Content marketing helps businesses in many ways:

* Builds trust with customers
* Shows the company knows about their industry
* Brings more visitors to websites
* Costs less than traditional advertising
* Helps with search engine rankings
* Creates long-term relationships with customers

## References
Batrachyla

***Batrachyla*** is a group of frogs in the bigger group Batrachylidae. People call them **South American wood frogs** in English. These frogs live in southern South America: Argentina and Chile.

## Species
There are five species in the genus:
* *Batrachyla antartandica* Barrio, 1967
* *Batrachyla fitzroya* Basso, 1994
* *Batrachyla leptopus* Bell, 1843
* *Batrachyla nibaldoi* Formas, 1997
* *Batrachyla taeniata* (Girard, 1855)

## References
Batrachyla leptopus

The **gray wood frog** (*Batrachyla leptopus*) is a frog.  It lives in Argentina and Chile.

## Home
This frog lives in forests, for example forests with Nothofagus plants, swamps, other wetlands, and near ponds and lakes. Scientists saw this frog between 50 and 1100 meters above sea level. 

Scientists have seen the frog in many protected parks.

## Young
The female frog lays eggs under logs or on moss. Then rain falls and fills the place with the eggs with water. The tadpoles swim in this water. Scientists have seen adult frogs take care of the young.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. People do change the places where the frog lives to make tree farms and places for cows to eat grass.

## References
PLA

**PLA** may mean:
*Pakistan Library Association
## Chemistry 
*Polylactic acid
## Politics 
*People's Liberation Army
Orphic Hymns

, Asia Minor, dating to the 3rd century AD. An inscription mentions the goddess Melinoe, who is otherwise known only from the *Orphic Hymns*.]]
The **Orphic Hymns** are a group of 87 poems from Ancient Greece. They are written in the form of prayers or songs to the gods. The hymns are linked to Orpheus, a famous figure in Greek mythology known for his music and poetry. People believed Orpheus could charm gods and nature with his songs. The hymns were probably written around the 2nd or 3rd century CE, during the Roman Empire.

## Background 
The Orphic Hymns were likely used in a religious cult connected to Orpheus. This religion is often called Orphism. Followers believed in the soul’s journey after death, rebirth, and special ways to become closer to the divine.

Even though the hymns are linked to Orpheus, they were probably written by unknown poets or religious leaders in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), most likely near Pergamon. The language used in the hymns is a special kind of Greek poetry and follows a rhythm called dactylic hexameter, the same used in Homer’s poems.

## Contents 
The hymns are dedicated to many different gods and spirits from Greek mythology. These include:
* Major gods like Zeus, Apollo, Artemis, Demeter, and Hades.
* Cosmic beings like Chaos, Night, and Ether.
* Personified ideas like Justice, Peace, and Sleep.
* Spirits connected to nature, like Nymphs and Winds.
* Special figures like the Titans, the Muses, and the Fates.

Each hymn is a prayer or praise, asking the god or spirit to bring blessings, wisdom, protection, or power.

## Use and meaning 
The Orphic Hymns were probably used in rituals, such as sacrifices or ceremonies. Each hymn might have been sung or recited while making an offering. Scholars believe the hymns were written for actual use in a religious group, not just for reading.

The hymns show a mix of older Greek religion and mystical philosophy. They include ideas about the soul, the afterlife, and a deeper understanding of the universe. Some parts may also reflect beliefs from other cultures or religions that were common in the Roman Empire.

## Rediscovery 
The Orphic Hymns were not well-known during the Middle Ages. They were printed for the first time in 1423 in Florence, Italy. The first full edition was published in 1792 by Gottfried Hermann, a German scholar.

Since then, the hymns have been studied by many historians, poets, and philosophers. They are important for understanding ancient religion, mythology, and the mystery traditions of the ancient world.

## Notes 
## References 
* 

## Other websites 
* English translation by Apostolos Athanassakis and Benjamin Wolkow (2013) at the Internet Archive
* English translation by Daniel Malamis (2024) at Google Books
* Greek text from the edition by Gottfried Hermann (1805) at the Internet Archive
Museum of the Great War

The **Museum of the Great War** (in French called *Historial de la Grande Guerre*) is a museum in France. It is near the World War I battlefields of the Somme, inside the Château de Péronne, a castle in the town of Péronne, France.

## Overview 
During World War I, Péronne was controlled by the German Empire. The people there had many problems because the town was almost completely destroyed. The museum mainly talks about World War I and the years just before and after it. It tries to show how the war affected all people, not just soldiers but also civilians. It explains how everyone suffered during the war.

This museum is the biggest one about World War I in Europe and first museum of the First World War in France.

## Exhibitions 
The museum has two main permanent exhibitions:

### Prisoners of War 
The exhibition shows what life was like for prisoners. The food was not enough and often bad. Many people got sick. Prisoners had to work very hard. The museum says about 500,000 French, 160,000 British, and 85,000 German soldiers were prisoners during the war.

### Children in World War I 
This exhibition shows the role of children in World War I. Children were shown in posters to help recruit soldiers. Propaganda also targeted children. School books taught about being loyal and ready to help as future soldiers or nurses. Toys and stories often had military themes.

## References 
## Sources 
* Historial de la Grande Guerre (Museum) & Fontaine, Caroline (2008). *The collections of the Historial of the Great War*. Somology Art Publishers; Peronne, France: Historial of the Great War, Paris.
*  Fathi, Romain (2013). ''Représentations muséales du corps combattant de 14-18: l'Australian War Memorial de Canberra au prisme de l'Historical de la Grande Guerre de Péronne''. Harmattan, Paris
MacOS Tahoe

**macOS Tahoe** (version 26) is a twenty-second major version of macOS developed by Apple inc. It was announced on June 9, 2025 at Apple Worldwide Developers Conference and released on September 15, 2025.

## Features 
macOS Tahoe has a new design called "Liquid Glass" which included in app icons and desktop. It has ChatGPT and other AI models for Xcode. It has a phone app and live activities. Spotlight lets users take hundreds of actions. Users able to create and vote poll in iMessage.

## Development and supported devices 
The first developer beta of macOS Tahoe has been released on June 9, 2025 and the second developer beta of macOS has been released on June 23, 2025. macOS Tahoe is the last update for Intel Macs.

## References
Graz school shooting

On 10 June 2025, at around 09:55 CEST, a shooting happened at the Bundes-Oberstufenrealgymnasium Dreierschützengasse (BORG Dreierschützengasse), a upper secondary school in Graz, Austria. Police said that 10 people were killed and 11 others were injured by the shooter. The shooter died by shooting himself in the school bathroom and was identified as 21-year-old former student Artur A.

The shooting is the deadliest mass killing in modern Austrian history.

## Shooting 
At around 09:55 CEST, Neighbours say that the first shots were fired outside of the school before the shooter went inside the building. Inside, he opened fire in at least two classrooms on the second floor. Around 40 gunshots were fired in total.

Emergency teams came at 10:00 CEST. Police sent 300 officers, the tactical team Einsatzkommando Cobra, and a helicopter, along with 160 paramedics and firefighters. Everyone in the school was evacuated within 17 minutes of the first responders arriving. At 11:20, police had the situation under control. Nearby hospitals were put on disaster alert. Graz Mayor Elke Kahr confirmed the shooter was among the dead. The school was evacuated and then secured later that morning.

Media reports on the day of the shooting said at least twelve injured, with "some seriously injured". A total of 30 people were being treated at hospitals around Graz.

The Bosnian embassy in Austria said that two of those killed, a 17-year-old boy and a teenage girl, as well as an injured girl were of Bosnian background, though none were Bosnian citizens.

## Suspect 
He was a 21-year-old Austrian person named Arthur A. (2003 – 10 June 2025) from Graz-Umgebung District, Part of the shooting happened in his former classroom. and he had no previous criminal record.

According to *Kronen Zeitung*, the shooter said he was "a victim of bullying". ORF editor Peter Unger said this claim first appeared on social media, which also suggested the attack was an act of revenge. Some media repeated this idea, but Interior Minister Karner said the police were still investigating and the motive was not confirmed. Police found a suicide note at the shooter's home. *Kronen Zeitung* said the note mentioned past bullying, but Public Security Director Franz Ruf said it was mainly a goodbye letter to the shooter's parents and didn't explain the reason for the shooting. Police also found a non-working pipe bomb and a video message the shooter sent to his mother before the attack. In the video, he said he planned to attack his old school. His mother saw the video 24 minutes after it was posted and quickly called the police, but by then the shooting had already started.

## Response 
Chancellor Christian Stocker, who canceled all his meetings for the day, went to Graz together with interior minister Gerhard Karner to help organize the response. Karner and education minister Christoph Wiederkehr spoke at a news conference.

## References
Walvis Bay

**Walvis Bay** is a city in  Namibia. It has the most important port in the country. It is located in the bay with the same name. In 2025 about 103,000 people lived there. This makes it the third-largest city in Namibia, after Windhoek and Rundu.

## References
Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically

The **Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically** is an award given every year by the Ivors Academy at the Ivor Novello Awards. The award is given for good songwriting and composing in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The award was first given in 1968. John Lennon and Paul McCartney were the first people to win it for their song "She's Leaving Home", performed by The Beatles. The award goes to the writers of the song, not the people who sing or play it unless they share songwriting credits.

## People who have been given the award
### 1960s
### 1970s
### 1980s
### 1990s
### 2000s
### 2010s
### 2020s
## References
## Other websites
* Oficial awards website
* Ivor Awards archive
ICC Women's Cricket World Cup

The '''ICC Women's Cricket World Cup''' is an international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was first played in 1973, and takes place every four years. Matches are played under One Day International (ODI) rules, each team having a single innings limited to 50 overs. The same format is used in the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup.

The ICC has granted ODI status to sixteen women's teams. Ten of these have permanent status: Australia Women, Bangladesh Women, England Women, India Women, New Zealand Women, Pakistan Women, South Africa Women, Sri Lanka Women, West Indies Women, and Zimbabwe Women. The other six have temporary status until 2029: Ireland Women, Netherlands Women, Papua New Guinea Women, Scotland Women, and Thailand Women are all in the October 2025 rankings; the sixth team, United Arab Emirates Women is unranked.

The latest edition of the Women's World Cup is taking place from 30 September to 7 November 2025, at five venues across India and Sri Lanka. Eight teams are taking part:
* Australia Women
* Bangladesh Women
* England Women
* India Women
* New Zealand Women
* Pakistan Women
* South Africa Women
* Sri Lanka Women

Australia Women are the titleholders, having won the 2022 edition in New Zealand. That was Australia Women's seventh title, and they are the most successful team in the tournament's history.

## References
Capitulation

**Capitulation** can be
*Capitulation (surrender), a (way or) manner of surrendering
*Capitulation (treaty), a kind of treaty
**Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire, or the surrender of the Ottoman Empire
*Capitulation (algebra), part of Algebra
*Conclave capitulation
*Electoral capitulation
*Stock market capitulation, part of Investment, and Capitalism
Continental System

in 1812

]]
The **Continental System** (also called the **Continental Blockade**) was a trade policy used by Napoleon Bonaparte, the leader of France, during the Napoleonic Wars. It started in 1806 and ended around 1814.

## Purpose 
Napoleon wanted to weaken Great Britain. He believed that if British goods could not be sold in Europe, the British economy would suffer, and they would stop fighting France. The Continental System tried to block all trade between Britain and countries in Europe that Napoleon controlled.

## How it worked 
In November 1806, Napoleon made a law called the Berlin Decree. It said that all countries controlled by France could not trade with Britain. Later, in 1807, he made another law called the Milan Decree, which made the rules even stricter. Ships that had stopped in Britain could not enter European ports.

## Problems 
The Continental System caused problems for many countries. European people could not get some goods they needed, like sugar, coffee, and some cloth. Prices went up. Many people were unhappy. Some countries and merchants did not follow the rules and traded with Britain in secret (this is called smuggling).

Some countries, like Portugal and Russia, did not like the system and refused to follow it. This led to more wars. For example, Napoleon invaded Portugal and later Russia, which became very costly for him.

## Effect 
The Continental System hurt both Britain and Europe, but Britain was able to trade with other parts of the world, like the Americas and Asia. Britain’s economy survived. In the end, the system did not work. It also made many people in Europe angry at Napoleon, and this helped lead to his downfall.

## End 
The Continental System ended around 1814, when Napoleon lost power. After that, countries in Europe started trading freely again.

## Other websites 
* "Documents upon the Continental System", from napoleon-series.org
* Napoleon Continental System
Drew Struzan

**Drew Struzan** (; March 18, 1947 &ndash; October 13, 2025) was an American retired artist, illustrator and cover designer. He was known for illustrating more than 150 movie posters. Some movie posters he worked on were for *The Shawshank Redemption*, *Blade Runner*, *E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial*, *Indiana Jones*, *Back to the Future*, *Harry Potter*, and *Star Wars* movie series. He won a Saturn Award in 2002.

In March 2025, it was revealed that Struzan had been living with Alzheimer's disease and had to retire. He died on October 13, 2025 in Pasadena, California at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
* "The Last Movie-Poster Artist". *Time*.
* "Face To Face With The Masters: Drew Struzan". The Force.net.
Gina Ortiz Jones

**Gina Maria Ortiz Jones** (born February 1, 1981) is an American Democratic politician who has been the mayor of San Antonio, Texas since 2025. She is also an Air Force veteran. She was the Under Secretary of the Air Force from July 2021 to March 2023 during the Joe Biden administration. She has been called a political progressive. She ran again for the seat in 2020, winning the Democratic primary, and lost to Navy veteran Tony Gonzales in the general election. 

## Under Secretary of the Air Force
Jones was confirmed as President Joe Biden's Under Secretary of the Air Force by the Senate on July 22, 2021. She was the sixth woman to hold that title, the first woman of color and the first open lesbian.

She resigned as under secretary in February 2023, and left office in March 6.

## Mayor of San Antonio
Jones ran for mayor of San Antonio in the 2025 election. In the May 3 general election, Jones advanced to the June 7 runoff, alongside Rolando Pablos. She won the runoff, beating Pablos by nine points.

Jones took office on June 18, 2025, becoming the first Asian-American female mayor of a major city in Texas, the first openly gay mayor of San Antonio, and the first female mayor in Texas to have served in war.

## Personal life
Jones was bon February 1, 1981, in Arlington, Virginia. Jones grew up in San Antonio, Texas to Filipino immigrant parents. Jones has a younger sister, Christi Ann.

Jones is openly a lesbian.

## References
## Other websites
* Gina Ortiz Jones for Mayor campaign website
* 
* 
* 
* Find Out PAC
Texas's 23rd congressional district

'''Texas's 23rd congressional district''' stretches across the southwestern portion of Texas. It is a majority Hispanic district and has been represented by Republican Tony Gonzales since 2021.

## References
Tony Gonzales

**Ernest Anthony Gonzales II** (born October 10, 1980) is an American politician and United States Navy veteran. He has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Texas's 23rd congressional district since 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*Campaign website 
*
*
United States Under Secretary of the Air Force

The **under secretary of the air force** (**USECAF**, or **SAF/US**), sometimes known as the **under secretary of the Department of the Air Force**, is the second-highest ranking civilian official in the Department of the Air Force of the United States. They work under the secretary of the air force. The under secretary of the air force is appointed by the president and is confirmed by the Senate.

## List of under secretaries of the air force
## References
Bujar Bukoshi

**Bujar Bukoshi** (13 May 1947 – 10 June 2025) was a Kosovar politican who served as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova from 1991 to 2000.

Bukoshi was born in Suva Reka, SAP Kosovo, FPR Yugoslavia. 

Bukoshi died on 10 June 2025 in Kosovo from cancer at the age of 78.

## References
Mara Corday

**Marilyn Joan Long** ( **Watts**; January 3, 1930 – February 9, 2025), known professionally as **Mara Corday**, was an American actress and model. She was a *Playboy* Playmate. 

Corday became a cult figure in the 1950s during the Golden Age of Hollywood for appearing in many horror movies. She was known for her roles in *Tarantula*, *The Giant Claw*, *The Man from Bitter Ridge*, *Sudden Impact*, *The Black Scorpion*, *The Gauntlet*, *Man Without a Star* and the *Raw Edge*.

Marilyn Joan Watts was born in Santa Monica, California on January 3, 1930. 

Corday was married to actor Richard Long from 1957 until his death in 1974. They had three children.

Corday died from atherosclerosis at her home in Valencia, California, on February 9, 2025, at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Valencia, California

**Valencia** is an unincorporated community in northwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States.

The area is a traditional land of Native Americans. The Tataviam people migrated there in A.D. 450 when the Chumash people were living there.

## References
Richard Long (actor)

**Richard McCord Long** (December 17, 1927 &ndash; December 21, 1974), also known as **Dick Long**, was an American actor. He was best known for his leading roles in three ABC television series, *The Big Valley*, *Nanny and the Professor*, and *Bourbon Street Beat*. He also appeared on ABC's *77 Sunset Strip* during the 1961&ndash;1962 season.

## References
## Other websites
*
Noémie Merlant

**Noémie Merlant** (; born 27 November 1988) is a French actress, screenwriter, producer and director. She was nominated for three César Awards for her roles in *Heaven Will Wait* (2016), *Portrait of a Lady on Fire* (2019) and for *The Innocent* (2022), winning the award for this role.

In 2024, Merlant played Emmanuelle in a reboot of the movie series directed by Audrey Diwan.

Merlant was born on 27 November 1988 in Paris. Both of her parents are real estate agents. She was raised in Rezé near Nantes.

## References
## Other websites
* 

## Other websites
Myrna Hansen

**Myrna Hansen** (born August 5, 1934) is an American actress, model, and beauty pageant winner. She won Miss USA in 1953.

After winning miss USA, Hansen appeared in *The Purple Mask* (1955) and *Cult of the Cobra* (1955). She played a showgirl in *Party Girl* (1958). Her final parts in movies were roles in *Goodbye Charlie* (1964) and *Black Caesar* (1973).

## References
## Other websites
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Walk of the Stars

The **Walk of the Stars** was a section of the Bandstand Promenade in Bandra, Mumbai honouring Bollywood film stars. The path features about six statues of famous Bollywood actors as well as about 100 brass plates embossed with the handprints and signatures of other stars. The walk is inspired by the Hollywood Walk of Fame.  It was inaugurated by actress Kareena Kapoor on 28 March 2012. A brass statue on the Walk of Stars cost .

## Stars honoured 
## See also 
* Bollywood
* Bandstand Promenade
* Hollywood Walk of Fame

## References
Potassium cyanide

**Potassium cyanide** is a compound with the formula **KCN**. It is a colorless salt that looks like sugar and is very soluble in water. Most KCN is used in gold mining, organic synthesis, and electroplating. They could also be used in jewellery for chemical gilding and buffing. Potassium cyanide is highly toxic, and a dose of 200 to 300 milligrams will kill nearly any human.

## References
Blue Murder (Canadian TV series)

***Blue Murder*** is a Canadian crime drama series made by the Lionsgate Canada for Global. It starred Mimi Kuzyk, Joel S. Keller, Jeremy Ratchford, and Maria del Mar. The show ran from January 10, 2001 until July 9, 2004.

The show is about a team of detectives in the Blue Murder Unit as they try to investigate and solve violent crimes in the city of Toronto.

The series won many Gemini Awards. In 2001, it won Best Guest Actor and Actress in a Drama Series for Nicholas Campbell and Kari Matchett. In 2002, Julia Chantrey won Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series. In 2003, it won for Best Supporting Actress, Best Guest Actor in a Drama Series, and Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Jennie Raymond, Winston Rekert, and Kate Trotter. In 2004, it won Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Nicky Guadagni.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gold Land

***Gold Land*** () is an upcoming South Korean mystery thriller television series written by Hwang Jo-yoon, directed by Kim Sung-hoon. Produced under Studio Dragon, it stars Park Bo-young and Kim Sung-cheol. The series is scheduled for release on Disney+ in 2026.

## Cast 
* Park Bo-young as Kim Heeju
* Kim Sung-cheol as Jang Wook

## Production 
### Development 
The series was officially commissioned by Disney+, with *Kim Sung-hoon* serving as director, who helmed *Confidential Assignment* (2017) and the script is penned by *Hwang Jo-yoon*, who wrote *Oldboy* (2003), while *Studio Dragon* managed the production.

### Casting 
In November 2024, it was reported that Park Bo-young was offered the lead role of the series. In February 2025, it was reported that Kim Sung-cheol joined the series.

### Filming 
Principal photography of the series commenced in August 2025. Later on, Park Bo-young joined the shoot. Filming wrapped in January 2026.

## Other websites 
* *Gold Land* at HanCinema

## References
CBC Kids

***CBC Kids*** (formerly *Hodge Podge Lodge* in 1987 to 1994, *CBC Playground* in 1994 to 2000, ''Children's CBC* in 1997 to 1998, *Get Set for Life* in 2000 to 2003, and *Kids' CBC'' in 2003 to 2017) is a Canadian children's block on CBC Television.

## Shows
### Current
### Former
Splatoon Raiders

**Splatoon Raiders** is a future third-person shooter video game made and released by Nintendo. It will come out on the Nintendo Switch 2 system.

## References
The Journal of Holocaust Research

***The Journal of Holocaust Research*** is a bilingual peer-reviewed academic journal. It is published four times every year by the Weiss-Livnat International Center for Holocaust Research and Education, Routledge, and the Ghetto Fighters' House. It has an editorial board of 24 members, including established historians Barbara Engelking, Dan Stone, Dieter Pohl and Joanna Michlic. Other contributors include Jan Grabowski, Shira Klein and Joanna Tokarska-Bakir.

## Staff
As of June 2025, the editorial board has a multinational team of established scholars, ranging from Holocaust historians to Jewish studies experts.

### Editors
### Editorial board
## Related pages
* *Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism*

## Footnotes
## References
Dora Milaje

The **Dora Milaje** are an elite group of female warriors in the Marvel Comics universe and the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). They serve as the royal guards and bodyguards to the Black Panther, the king of Wakanda. The name "Dora Milaje" translates roughly to "Adored Ones" or "Our Daughters" in the Wakandan language.

## Key features 
They are tasked with protecting the Wakandan royal family, maintaining security within Wakanda, and upholding the traditions of their nation.

The members are highly trained warriors, often selected from different tribes within Wakanda. They undergo rigorous combat and tactical training to prepare for their duties.

The Dora Milaje are not only bodyguards but also symbolize Wakanda’s strength, unity, and cultural identity. They are deeply respected within Wakandan society.

In the comics and films, characters such as Okoye (played by Danai Gurira in the MCU) are prominent members of the Dora Milaje.

## In other media 
The Dora Milaje are prominently featured in movies like *Black Panther* (2018), where they play a crucial role in protecting T’Challa and Wakanda.

Their depiction emphasizes their discipline, combat skill, and loyalty to Wakandan traditions.
Justin Hammer

**Justin Hammer** is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. 

## Fictional character biography 
He is typically portrayed as a wealthy industrialist and arms manufacturer, often serving as an antagonist to Tony Stark / Iron Man. Hammer is known for his technological expertise, ruthless business practices, and attempts to rival or defeat Iron Man through the development of advanced weaponry and robots.

## In other media 
In the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Justin Hammer appears in the film *Iron Man 2* (2010), portrayed by actor Sam Rockwell. In the film, he is depicted as a rival arms dealer and businessman, involved in schemes that ultimately put him in conflict with Tony Stark.
Late antiquity

**Late antiquity** is a period in European and Mediterranean history. It starts around the end of the 3rd century AD and ends between the 6th and the 8th centuries, depending on the region. This period is between classical antiquity (Ancient Greece and Rome) and the Middle Ages.

There is no exact date for the start or end. Most historians agree it began around 284 AD, when Emperor Diocletian ruled the Roman Empire. Some say it ended in476 AD, when the Western Roman Empire fell; 565 AD, when Emperor Justinian died; or even 750 AD, when the Abbasid dynasty took over in the Islamic world.

Late Antiquity took place in the lands around the Mediterranean Sea, including Europe (especially Italy, France, Spain, and the Balkans), the Middle East (like Syria and Palestine), and North Africa (like Egypt and Carthage).

## Major political changes 
The Roman Empire was divided into two parts: West and East.

The Western Roman Empire ended in 476 AD.

The Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire and lasted much longer.

New Germanic kingdoms formed in the West (like the Franks and Visigoths).

## Religion 
Christianity became the main religion of the Roman Empire.

There were many arguments about Christian beliefs.

Church buildings, symbols, and religious art became more common.

Other religions like Judaism and Islam also developed during this time.

## Society and daily life 
Many people moved from the cities to the countryside.

Trade became rarer because of wars and invasions.

Tools, ships, and farming methods were invented.

Rich and poor people had very different lives.

## Art and culture 
Christian art became popular, with mosaics, icons, and church paintings.

People made ivory carvings, religious lamps, and beautiful books.

Art became more symbolic and less realistic than earlier Roman art.

The Byzantine style started to develop.

## Army and defense 
The Roman army was changed to defend against Germanic invasions.

Forts and walls were built around cities.

Constantinople (now Istanbul) became a strong capital.

## Learning and knowledge 
Even though the Roman Empire was falling in the West, people still studied and wrote books.

Monks copied old texts, which helped save Greek and Roman knowledge.

That knowledge was later used in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

## Modern studies 
Historians today say that late antiquity was not just a time of decline but also a time of change and growth. People today study it to understand the end of the Roman Empire, the start of Christian Europe, the roots of Islamic and Jewish traditions, and how old knowledge was saved and passed on.

There are groups like the Association for Late Antiquity and journals like *Antiquité Tardive* that help people study and learn more about the time.
List of Vienna football derbies

The **Vienna derby** between SK Rapid and FK Austria Wien is one of the most traditional derbies in European football. There have been 346 competitive matches between the two teams, 313 of which were league matches (as June 2025). This makes the Vienna derby the second most frequently played football derby in Europe after the Old Firm between Celtic Glasgow  and Glasgow Rangers. It is the most frequently played football derby in Europe without interruption due to relegation.

Till 1926 Austria Wien had the name Wiener Amateur SV. After professional football was introduced in Austria (1925-26 season), they changed their name.

Rapid Vienna has defeated Austria Wien by nine goals twice in its history ( 9-0 on 2 July 1916,  10-1 on 23 August 1942 ). Austria Wien's biggest victory came on 11 October 1969 ( 6-0 ).
## Competitive games 
## League matches 
## Cup 
## Supercup 
**Supercup**

## League matches 
## Cup matches 
## Supercup 
## References
Batrachyla taeniata

The **banded wood frog** (*Batrachyla taeniata*) is a frog.  It lives in Argentina and Chile.

## Home
This frog can live in many different kinds of places. Scientists have seen them on grassy places with acacia plants, rainforests, other forests, marshes, and in cold places.   Scientists saw this frog between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level. 

Scientists have seen the frog in many protected parks.

## Young
The male frog sits under a bush and calls to the female frogs. The female frog lays eggs on the dead leaves on the ground in the forest. Then rain falls and fills the place with the eggs with water. The tadpoles swim in this water. Scientists have seen adult male frogs take care of the young.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out and scientists from Chile say it is in only a little danger of dying out. People cut down too many trees to make farms, tree farms, towns, and places for cows to eat grass.

## References
IPadOS 26

**iPadOS 26** is a seventh tablet operating system of iPadOS developed by Apple Inc. It was announced on June 9, 2025 at Apple Worldwide Developers Conference 2025 and released on September 15, 2025.

## Features and changes 
iPadOS 26 was redesigned with the Liquid Glass, the other operating systems also redesigned with the Liquid Glass including iOS 26, macOS Tahoe, watchOS 26 and tvOS 26, visionOS 26. It has a multitasking look like a macOS. It has a Preview app that runs like macOS. It has a Journal app with support for the Apple Pencil.

## Supported devices 
iPadOS 26 will be no longer supported for iPad (7th generation). Here is models that supported iPadOS 26 such as iPad Pro (M4), iPad Pro 12.9-inch (3rd generation and later), iPad Pro 11-inch (1st generation and later), iPad Air (M2 and later), iPad Air (3rd generation and later), iPad Air (A16), iPad (8th generation and later), iPad mini (A17) and iPad mini (5th generation and later). Plus, iPad (10th generation).

## References
The Simpsons Game

***The Simpsons Game*** is a 2007 platform video game based on the animated television show *The Simpsons*. It was released for the Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, Wii, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable.

## Characters
**Playable:**

* Homer
* Bart
* Lisa
* Marge

## Levels
* The Land of Chocolate
* Bartman Begins
* Around the World in 80 Bites
* Lisa the Tree Hugger
* Mob Rules
* Enter the Cheatrix
* The Day of the Dolphin
* Shadow of the Colossal Donut
* Invasion of the Yokel-Snatchers
* Bargain Bin
* NeverQuest
* Medal of Homer
* Big Super Happy Fun Fun Game
* Grand Theft Scratchy
* Five Characters in Search of an Author
* Game Over

## Other websites
*
Death Stranding (movie)

***Death Standing*** (formerly known as "Storm of the Century and "Enemy and The Beast") is a 2023 action crime film co-produced by mainland China and Hong Kong. It was filmed in Guangzhou, Macau, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and Thailand. It was directed by Hong Kong director Pang Fat and starred Wallace Chung, Ben Ng, Myolie Wu, and Owen Cheung.
Union for the Homeland

The **Union for the Homeland** (, **UP**) is a centre-left political and electoral coalition of peronist political parties in Argentina.

In the 2023 presidential elections, they presented Sergio Massa and **Agustín Rossi** as candidates for president and vice president respectively. After the electoral defeat in these elections, and the subsequent dissolution of Juntos por el Cambio, when members of said coalition allied themselves with the current ruling party, Union for the Homeland remained the main opposition coalition in Argentina.

## Member parties
## References
Interlingue literature

**Interlingue literature** means books and texts written in Interlingue, also called Occidental, a language made in 1922 by Edgar de Wahl. It includes both original works and translations. Most often, works appeared in the magazine *Cosmoglotta*.

## History 
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### Background 
Interlingue (Occidental) began in 1922. Edgar de Wahl created it with words mostly from Western Europe and a bit of English. The language first appeared in the magazine *Kosmoglott*, later renamed *Cosmoglotta*. Early writers used different spellings and grammar, because standard rules came later.

### Early translations 
Jakob Linzbach, an Estonian linguist, wrote *Transcendent algebra, mathematical ideography, experiment of a philosophical language* (Interlingue: *Transcendent algebra, ideografie matematical, experiment de un lingue filosofic*), later translated into Interlingue by de Wahl. This was before the language was fully finished.

In 1925, Kaarle Saarinen translated a Finnish poem *Hymn* into Interlingue. Soon after, poems by Goethe and works by Rabindranath Tagore were translated and published.

### 1930s translations and originals 
Many translated works appeared: poems by Balmont, stories by Edgar Allan Poe, and others.

Original works were also written, like the poetry collection *Li Astres del Verne* (1935 & 1947) by Jaroslav Podobský, and the short story Krasina by Jan Amos Kajš.

In 1930, Ric Berger published *Historiettes in Occidental*, a collection of short stories.

### Post-1951 and decline 
In 1951, the language Interlingua was introduced. Many Interlingue supporters, including Berger, switched to Interlingua. This caused Interlingue to decline. *Cosmoglotta'' continued until 1985, but less often. After that, some called Interlingue a “dead language.” Yet translations kept coming into the 1950s and 1960s.

### Revival since 1999 
In 1999, a Yahoo! group helped revive Interlingue.

In the 2000s, an Interlingue Wikipedia was created. By 2020, it had over 5,000 articles.

New literature appeared:
* In 2011, Robert Winter translated The Charterhouse of Parma into Interlingue.
* In 2012, Thomas Schmidt published Li Munde de Sandra in the online magazine Posta Mundi.
* Between 2021 and 2024, Vicente Costalago published several works, both original and translated, being the most prolific writer in the language's history: *Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl*, *Li tresor de Fluvglant*, *Subuqti* and poetry and collections from European literature.

Dorlota Burdon also published original stories in Posta Mundi, and she translated The Lunatic by Khalil Gibran.

## Notable authors 
Important authors in Interlingue literature include:
* Jan Amos Kajš
* Jaroslav Podobský
* Engelbert Pigal
* Abram Kofman
* A. E. Cortinas
* Ilmari Federn
* Thomas Schmidt
* Vicente Costalago
* Dorlota Burdon