August 14

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 29 BC &ndash; Octavian celebrates the second of his three consecutive triumphs in Rome after his victory over the Dalmatians.
* 1040 &ndash; Macbeth kills King Duncan I of Scotland, and crowns himself King of Scotland.
* 1352 &ndash; War of the Breton Succession: The Anglo-Britons defeat the French in the Battle of Mauron.
* 1385 &ndash; The Battle of Aljubarrota is fought, in which forces of King John I of Portugal defeat those of King John I of Castile.
* 1415 &ndash; Henry the Navigator leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the Battle of Ceuta.
* 1502 &ndash; Christopher Columbus lands in present-day Honduras; this is the first time he sets foot on the mainland of the Americas.
* 1592 &ndash; Imjin War: Battle of Hansan Island – Admiral Yi Sun-sin decisively defeats the Japanese Navy at Hansan Island.
* 1762 &ndash; English forces take Havana, Cuba during the Seven Years' War.
* 1816 &ndash; The United Kingdom annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago in the South Atlantic.
* 1842 &ndash; Seminole Native Americans are forced from Florida to Oklahoma.
* 1848 &ndash; The Oregon territory is created by an act of the United States Congress.
* 1880 &ndash; After taking more than 600 years, the construction of Cologne Cathedral is completed.
* 1885 &ndash; Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of rust-proof paint.
* 1888 &ndash; Danish passenger steamer *Geiser* sinks off Sable Island after a collision with a ship of the same shipping line, killing 118 people.
* 1893 &ndash; France introduces motor vehicle registration.
* 1900 &ndash; The Eight-Nation Alliance occupy Beijing, China, in an attempt to end of the Boxer Rebellion.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1912 &ndash; US marines land in Nicaragua to support the US-backed government installed there after José Santos Zelaya had resigned three years earlier.
* 1914 &ndash; The Big Hole Diamond mine in South Africa is closed.
* 1916 &ndash; World War I: Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary.
* 1917 &ndash; World War I: China declares war on Germany.
* 1921 &ndash; Tannu Uriankhai, later the Tuvan People's Republic, is established as a completely independent country, supported by Soviet Russia.
* 1933 &ndash; Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later becoming known as the forest fire of Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5.
* 1935 &ndash; The Social Security Act creates a government pension for retired people in the United States.
* 1936 &ndash; Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky, in the last public execution in the United States.
* 1941 &ndash; World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of War, stating postwar aims.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: Japan accepts Allied terms of surrender  and the Emperor, Hirohito, records the Imperial Rescription surrender.
* 1945 &ndash; Philippe Pétain, leader of Vichy France, is sentenced to death.
* 1947 &ndash; Partition of India: Pakistan, a new Islamic state, becomes independent from the United Kingdom, and consists of West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh).
* 1958 &ndash; A propeller plane operated by the Dutch airline KLM crashes into the Atlantic Ocean west of Ireland.
* 1959 &ndash; The American Football League is founded.
* 1969 &ndash; Operation Banner: British troops are deployed to Northern Ireland.
* 1971 &ndash; Bahrain declares its independence.
* 1972 &ndash; A plane crash, of an Ilyushin II-62, in East Berlin kills 156 people.
* 1973 &ndash; The Pakistan Constitution of 1973 goes into effect.
* 1974 &ndash; The Second Turkish invasion of Cyprus begins. 140,000 to 200,000 Greek Cypriots become refugees. 6,000 are killed and 1,619 are missing.
* 1980 &ndash; The Gdansk shipyard strike in Poland occurs, as an uprising against Communist rule, and leads to the foundation of the Solidarity movement led by Lech Walesa.
* 1992 &ndash; Georgian troops enter Abkhazia, which had declared independence.
* 1994 &ndash; Venezuelan terrorist Carlos the Jackal is arrested.

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; A wide scale power blackout affects parts of Canada and the northeastern United States.
* 2005 &ndash; Helios Airways Flight 522, travelling from Larnaca in Cyprus, crashes near Grammatiko in Greece, killing all 121 people on board, after the air conditioner fails.
* 2006 &ndash; Chencholai bombing: 61 Tamil girls are killed in a bombing by the Sri Lankan Air Force.
* 2007 &ndash; Bomb attacks across Northern Iraq kill a total of 796 people. 1,500 are injured.
* 2010 &ndash; The first ever Summer Youth Olympic Games begin in Singapore. 3,531 athletes aged 14 to 18, from 204 National Olympic Committees take part.
* 2013 &ndash; Egypt declares a state of emergency as security forces kill hundreds of demonstrators who support the ousted President Mohamed Morsi.
* 2013 &ndash; The England national football team and Scotland national football team play each other for the first time since 1999 in the oldest international football fixture. England wins a closely fought match 3–2.
* 2015 &ndash; The United States re-opens its Embassy in Havana, Cuba, 54 years after the countries initially broke diplomatic ties.
* 2017 &ndash; Heavy rain and mudslides kill hundreds of people in Freetown, Sierra Leone.
* 2018 &ndash; Part of the Morandi motorway Bridge in Genoa, Liguria, Italy, collapses, killing 43 people.
* 2019 &ndash; With support on board, Swedish climate change activist Greta Thunberg starts sailing across the Atlantic Ocean from Plymouth, Devon, England to New York City to take part in a climate change summit.
* 2021 &ndash; 2021 Haiti earthquake of M 7.2 occurs in Haiti.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1297 &ndash; Emperor Hanazano of Japan (d. 1348)
* 1337 &ndash; King Robert III of Scotland (d. 1406)
* 1473 &ndash; Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence (d. 1541)
* 1479 &ndash; Princess Catherine of York (d. 1527)
* 1552 &ndash; Paolo Sarpi, Italian church reformer and historian (d. 1623)
* 1642 &ndash; Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1723)
* 1688 &ndash; Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)
* 1714 &ndash; Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d. 1789)
* 1727 &ndash; Princess Marie Louise Elisabeth of France (d. 1759)
* 1727 &ndash; Princess Anne Henriette of France (d. 1752)
* 1734 &ndash; Thomas Sumter, American general and politician (d. 1832)
* 1738 &ndash; Leopold Hofmann, Austrian composer (d. 1793) 
* 1740 &ndash; Pope Pius VII (d. 1823)
* 1758 &ndash; Antoine Charles Horace Vernet, French painter (d. 1835)
* 1773 &ndash; Jean-Baptiste de Villele, French statesman (d. 1854)
* 1777 &ndash; Hans Christian Orsted, Danish physicist (d. 1851)
* 1777 &ndash; Francis I of the Two Sicilies (d. 1830)
* 1802 &ndash; Fabio Maria Asquini, Italian cardinal (d. 1878)
* 1814 &ndash; Adolph Tidemand, Norwegian painter (d. 1876)
* 1818 &ndash; François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville, French admiral (d. 1900)
* 1819 &ndash; Agenor, duc de Gramont, French diplomat (d. 1880)
* 1840 &ndash; Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German psychologist (d. 1902)
* 1847 &ndash; Robert Comtesse, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1922)
* 1848 &ndash; Margaret Lindsay Hughes, Irish-English astronomer (d. 1915)
* 1851 &ndash; Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
* 1857 &ndash; Max Wagenknecht, German composer (d. 1922)
* 1862 &ndash; Prince Henry of Croatia (d. 1929)
* 1863 &ndash; Ernest Thayer, American poet (d. 1940)
* 1865 &ndash; Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician (d. 1952)
* 1866 &ndash; Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician and academic (d. 1962)
* 1867 &ndash; John Galsworthy, English writer (d. 1933)
* 1867 &ndash; Cupid Childs, American baseball player (d. 1912)
* 1871 &ndash; Quangxu Emperor of China (d. 1908)
* 1874 &ndash; Georgios Kondylis, Greek politician (d. 1936)
* 1876 &ndash; Alexander Obrenovich, King of Serbia (d. 1903)
* 1876 &ndash; Sibilla Aleramo, Italian writer and poet (d. 1960)
* 1878 &ndash; Georgios Kondylis, Greek general and Prime Minister (d. 1936)
* 1880 &ndash; Fred Alexander, American tennis player (d. 1969)
* 1881 &ndash; Francis Ford, American actor (d. 1953)
* 1882 &ndash; Gisela Richter, British-born art historian (d. 1972)
* 1883 &ndash; Gwendoline Eastlake-Smith, English tennis player (d. 1941)
* 1887 &ndash; Marija Leiko, Latvian actress (d. 1937)
* 1889 &ndash; Willi Münzenberg, German Communist, publisher and movie producer (d. 1940)
* 1892 &ndash; Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, English pianist and composer (d. 1988)
* 1895 &ndash; Jack Gregory, Australian cricketer (d. 1973)
* 1899 &ndash; Alma Reville, British actress and screenwriter (d. 1982)
* 1899 &ndash; Evelyn Kozak, American supercentenarian (d. 2013)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Franz Konwitschny, German conductor (d. 1962)
* 1910 &ndash; Willy Ronis, French photographer (d. 2009)
* 1910 &ndash; Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (d. 1995)
* 1911 &ndash; Jaime Rodriguez, Chilean footballer (d. 2003)
* 1912 &ndash; Frank Oppenheimer, American particle physicist (d. 1985)
* 1914 &ndash; Poul Hartling, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 2000)
* 1916 &ndash; Fumio Fujimura, Japanese baseball player (d. 1992)
* 1921 &ndash; Julia Hartwig, Polish writer and translator (d. 2017)
* 1921 &ndash; Sidney Rittenberg, American linguist (d. 2019)
* 1923 &ndash; Kuldip Nayar, Indian journalist (d. 2018)
* 1924 &ndash; Sverre Fehn, Norwegian architect (d. 2009)
* 1924 &ndash; Holger Juul Hansen, Danish actor (d. 2013)
* 1924 &ndash; Georges Pretre, French conductor (d. 2017)
* 1925 &ndash; Russell Baker, columnist
* 1926 &ndash; René Goscinny, French comic-strip writer (d. 1977)
* 1928 &ndash; Lina Wertmüller, Italian director
* 1929 &ndash; Giacomo Capuzzi, Italian bishop
* 1929 &ndash; Thomas Meehan, American playwright (d. 2017)
* 1930 &ndash; Liz Fraser, English actress (d. 2018)
* 1930 &ndash; Earl Weaver, American Baseball Hall of Fame manager (d. 2013)
* 1931 &ndash; Frederick Raphael, American screenwriter, biographer, novelist and journalist
* 1932 &ndash; James V. Hansen, American politician (d. 2018)
* 1933 &ndash; Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist
* 1935 &ndash; John Brodie, American football player
* 1936 &ndash; Trevor Bannister, English actor (d. 2011)
* 1940 &ndash; Dash Crofts, musician
* 1940 &ndash; Aristides Royo, 36th President of Panama
* 1940 &ndash; Arthur Laffer, American economist
* 1941 &ndash; David Crosby, American guitarist, songwriter
* 1941 &ndash; Lynne Cheney, American political figure, former Second Lady of the United States
* 1942 &ndash; Molefi Kete Asante, American author
* 1943 &ndash; Jimmy Johnson, American football player and broadcaster
* 1945 &ndash; Steve Martin, American comedian and actor
* 1945 &ndash; Wim Wenders, German director
* 1946 &ndash; Antonio Fargas, actor
* 1946 &ndash; Susan Saint James, actress
* 1946 &ndash; Tom Walkinshaw, Scottish racing driver (d. 2010)
* 1947 &ndash; Danielle Steel, American novelist
* 1949 &ndash; Morten Olsen, Danish footballer and coach
* 1950 &ndash; Gary Larson, American cartoonist
* 1950 &ndash; Bob Backlund, American professional wrestler

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1952 &ndash; Carl Lumbly, actor
* 1952 &ndash; Debbie Meyer, swimmer
* 1953 &ndash; James Horner, American Academy Award–winning composer (d. 2015)
* 1954 &ndash; Mark Fidrych, American baseball player
* 1954 &ndash; Stanley McChrystal, American general
* 1954 &ndash; Christian Gross, Swiss football coach
* 1955 &ndash; Gillian Taylforth, English actress
* 1956 &ndash; Rusty Wallace, American race car driver
* 1957 &ndash; Peter Costello, Australian politician
* 1959 &ndash; Marcia Gay Harden, Academy Award–winning actress
* 1959 &ndash; Magic Johnson, American basketball player
* 1960 &ndash; Sarah Brightman, British singer
* 1961 &ndash; Susan Olsen, actress
* 1961 &ndash; Satoshi Tsunami, Japanese footballer
* 1962 &ndash; Rameez Raja, Pakistani cricketer and sportscaster
* 1964 &ndash; Brannon Braga, American writer and director
* 1965 &ndash; Emmanuelle Béart, French actress
* 1965 &ndash; Mark Francois, English politician
* 1966 &ndash; Halle Berry, American Academy Award–winning actress
* 1968 &ndash; Darren Clarke, Northern Irish golfer
* 1968 &ndash; Adrian Lester, English actor
* 1971 &ndash; Pramodya Wickramasinghe, Sri Lankan cricketer
* 1972 &ndash; Laurent Lamothe, Haitian politician
* 1972 &ndash; Giuseppe Mazzarelli, Swiss footballer
* 1973 &ndash; Daisuke Ishiwatari, Japanese game developer and composer
* 1973 &ndash; Rana Faheem Aslam, Pakistani journalist
* 1973 &ndash; Jared Borgetti, Mexican footballer
* 1973 &ndash; Jay-Jay Okocha, Nigerian footballer
* 1973 &ndash; Chucky Atkins, American basketball player
* 1974 &ndash; Ana Matronic, American singer (Scissor Sisters)
* 1974 &ndash; Martin Bulloch, Scottish drummer (Mogwai)

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Alex Albrecht, co-host of The Screen Savers
* 1977 &ndash; Juan Pierre, American baseball player
* 1977 &ndash; Philip Stamper, American pro wrestler, actor
* 1978 &ndash; Anastasios Kyriakos, Greek footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Matthew Etherington, English footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Simon Andrews, English motorcycle racer (d. 2014)
* 1983 &ndash; Mila Kunis, Ukrainian-American television actress
* 1983 &ndash; Heiko Westermann, German footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Elena Baltacha, Ukrainian-born British tennis player (d. 2014)
* 1983 &ndash; Lu Yen-hsun, Taiwanese tennis player
* 1984 &ndash; Carl Valeri, Australian footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Nick Grimshaw, British radio DJ and television presenter
* 1984 &ndash; Robin Söderling, Swedish tennis player
* 1984 &ndash; Giorgio Chiellini, Italian footballer
* 1985 &ndash; Christian Gentner, German footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Cameron Jerome, English footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Ander Herrera, Spanish footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Jaydee Bixby, Canadian singer
* 1992 &ndash; Sarah Correa, Brazilian swimmer (d. 2015)
* 1993 &ndash; Gongchan, South Korean singer and actress
* 1993 &ndash; Cassi Thomson, Australian-American actress and singer
* 1999 &ndash; Garrett Ryan, American actor

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 582 &ndash; Tiberius II, Byzantine Empress (b. 535)
* 1040 &ndash; Duncan I of Scotland
* 1167 &ndash; Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne
* 1204 &ndash; Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (b. 1182)
* 1369 &ndash; Philippa of Hainault, Queen Consort of England (b. 1311)
* 1390 &ndash; John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (b. 1364)
* 1430 &ndash; Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404)
* 1433 &ndash; King John I of Portugal (b. 1357)
* 1464 &ndash; Pope Pius II (b. 1405)
* 1573 &ndash; Saito Tatsuoki, Japanese warlord (b. 1548)
* 1691 &ndash; Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630)
* 1704 &ndash; Roland Laporte, French Protestant leader (b. 1675)
* 1727 &ndash; William Croft, English composer (b. 1678)
* 1754 &ndash; Maria Anna of Austria (b. 1683)
* 1774 &ndash; Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar and physician (b. 1716)
* 1784 &ndash; Nathaniel Hone, Irish-born painter (b. 1718)
* 1852 &ndash; Margaret Taylor, First Lady of the United States (b. 1788)
* 1856 &ndash; Constant Prévost, French geologist (b. 1787)
* 1860 &ndash; André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (b. 1774)
* 1870 &ndash; David Farragut, American navy officer (b. 1801)
* 1891 &ndash; Sarah Childress Polk, First Lady of the United States (b. 1803)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1905 &ndash; Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
* 1909 &ndash; William Stanley, American inventor and engineer (b. 1829)
* 1928 &ndash; Klabund, German writer and poet (b. 1890)
* 1941 &ndash; Maximilian Kolbe, Polish martyr and saint (b. 1854)
* 1941 &ndash; Paul Sabatier, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854)
* 1943 &ndash; Joe Kelley, American baseball player (b. 1871)
* 1951 &ndash; William Randolph Hearst, American newspaper magnate (b. 1863)
* 1954 &ndash; Hugo Eckener, German pilot and designer (b. 1868)
* 1955 &ndash; Herbert Putnam, American Librarian of Congress (b. 1861)
* 1956 &ndash; Bertolt Brecht, German writer (b. 1898)
* 1958 &ndash; Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1900)
* 1958 &ndash; Konstantin von Neurath, German diplomat (b. 1873)
* 1972 &ndash; Oscar Levant, American actor, composer, and musician (b. 1906)
* 1980 &ndash; Dorothy Stratton, Canadian actress and model (b. 1960)
* 1980 &ndash; Paul Snider, Canadian entrepreneur and manager (b. 1951)
* 1981 &ndash; Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (b. 1894)
* 1982 &ndash; Patrick Magee, Irish-English actor (b. 1922)
* 1984 &ndash; Spud Davis, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1904)
* 1984 &ndash; J. B. Priestley, English novelist and playwright (b. 1894)
* 1985 &ndash; Gale Sondergaard, American actress (b. 1899)
* 1988 &ndash; Enzo Ferrari, Italian car maker (b. 1898)
* 1989 &ndash; Ricky Berry, American basketball player (b. 1964)
* 1991 &ndash; Alberto Crespo, Argentine racing driver (b. 1920)
* 1994 &ndash; Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born writer (b. 1905)
* 2000 &ndash; Alain Fournier, French-born computer graphics researcher (b. 1943)

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Dave Williams, American singer (Drowning Pool) (b. 1972)
* 2003 &ndash; Helmut Rahn, German footballer (b. 1929)
* 2004 &ndash; Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
* 2005 &ndash; Coo Coo Marlin, American race car driver (b. 1932)
* 2007 &ndash; Kotozakura Masakatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1940)
* 2010 &ndash; Abbey Lincoln, American singer (b. 1930)
* 2011 &ndash; Shammi Kapoor, Indian actor (b. 1931)
* 2012 &ndash; Svetozar Gligoric, Serbian chess player (b. 1923)
* 2012 &ndash; Sergey Kapitsa, Russian physicist (b. 1928)
* 2012 &ndash; Phyllis Thaxter, American actress (b. 1919)
* 2012 &ndash; Ron Palillo, American actor (b. 1949)
* 2013 &ndash; Lisa Robin Kelly, American actress (b. 1970)
* 2014 &ndash; Mariana Briski, Argentine actress (b. 1965)
* 2014 &ndash; George V. Hansen, American politician (b. 1930)
* 2014 &ndash; Jay Adams, American skateboarder (b. 1961)
* 2014 &ndash; Stephen Lee, American actor (b. 1955)
* 2015 &ndash; Bob Johnston, American record producer (b. 1932)
* 2016 &ndash; Fyvush Finkel, American actor (b. 1922)
* 2016 &ndash; Hermann Kant, German historian (b. 1926)
* 2017 &ndash; Andrzej Blumenfeld, Polish actor (b. 1951)
* 2017 &ndash; Frank Broyles, American college football coach (b. 1924)
* 2017 &ndash; Franklin Cleckley, American state judge (b. 1940)
* 2017 &ndash; Abdelkrim Ghallab, Moroccan politician, journalist and novelist (b. 1919)
* 2017 &ndash; Stephen Wooldridge, Australian cyclist (b. 1977)
* 2017 &ndash; Lateef Raji, Nigerian politician (b. 1962)
* 2018 &ndash; Hugh Cortazzi, British diplomat (b. 1924)
* 2018 &ndash; Balram Das Tandon, Indian politician (b. 1927)
* 2018 &ndash; Jill Janus, American singer (b. 1975)
* 2018 &ndash; Michael Persinger, American-Canadian psychology professor and neuroscience researcher (b. 1945)
* 2018 &ndash; Eduard Uspensky, Russian author (b. 1937)
* 2018 &ndash; Chemmanam Chacko, Indian poet (b. 1926)
* 2019 &ndash; Graham Farmer, Australian footballer (b. 1935)
* 2019 &ndash; Karim Olowu, Nigerian sprinter and long jumper (b. 1924)
* 2019 &ndash; Héctor Rivoira, Argentine footballer (b. 1960)
* 2019 &ndash; Gjergj Xhuvani, Albanian film director (b. 1963)

## Observances 
*Feast of Maximilian Kolbe, martyr 
* Independence Day (Pakistan)