January 22

## Events
### Up to 1900 
* 565 &ndash; Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
* 1462 &ndash; The Portuguese reach Sao Vicente, Cape Verde.
* 1506 &ndash; The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrive in Vatican City.
* 1517 &ndash; The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures the area that is now Egypt in the Battle of Ridaniya.
* 1521 &ndash; Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor opens the Diet of Worms.
* 1555 &ndash; The Ava Kingdom falls to the Taungoo Dynasty in what is now present–day Burma.
* 1689 &ndash; The Convention Parliament convenes on whether James II of England/James VII of Scotland abandoned the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland when he fled to France in 1688.
* 1771 &ndash; Spain gives Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands to England.
* 1824 &ndash; The Ashantis defeat British forces in the Gold Coast, present–day Ghana.
* 1840 &ndash; British colonists reach New Zealand.
* 1849 &ndash; Second Anglo-Sikh War: The Siege of Multan ends after nine months when the last defenders  of Multan, Punjab, surrender.
* 1863 &ndash; The January Uprising begins the Poland, Lithuania and Belarus against Russian rule.
* 1873 &ndash; The British clipper *Northfleet* collides with Spanish steamship *Murillo* off Kent, killing 293 people.
* 1879 &ndash; Anglo-Zulu War: In the Battle of Rorke's Drift, 139 British soldiers successfully defend  their garrison against an onslaught by 3 to 4,000 Zulu warriors. On the same day, Zulu warriors defeat British troops at the Battle of Isandlwana.
* 1890 &ndash; The United Mine Workers of America trade union is founded in Columbus, Ohio.
* 1899 &ndash; Leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne to discuss uniting.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1901 &ndash; Edward VII becomes King after Queen Victoria, dies. Her death ends the Victorian era, having reigned longer than any British monarch before her.
* 1905 &ndash; Bloody Sunday in Saint Petersburg: Start of the 1905 Revolution in Russia.
* 1906 &ndash; The ship SS *Valencia* runs aground on Vancouver Island, killing more than 130 people.
* 1915 &ndash; Over 600 people are killed in Guadalajara, Mexico, when their train plunges off the tracks into a canyon.
* 1917 &ndash; World War I: US President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Europe.
* 1924 &ndash; Ramsay MacDonald becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He is the first Prime Minister from the Labour Party.
* 1927 &ndash; Teddy Wakelam gives his first live video commentary of a football match anywhere in the world, between Arsenal FC and Sheffield United.
* 1931 &ndash; Sir Isaac Isaacs sworn in as the first Australian–born Governor-General of Australia.
* 1934 &ndash; Opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District by Dmitry Shostakovich is first performed.
* 1941 &ndash; World War II: British and Commonwealth forces capture Tobruk in Libya from the Italians in Operation Bypass.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: Allies begin Operation Shingle (an attack on Anzio, Italy).
* 1946 &ndash; The "Central Intelligence Group" is created. It is a forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency.
* 1953 &ndash; *The Crucible*, a play by Arthur Miller, starts on Broadway.
* 1957 &ndash; Israel leaves the Sinai Peninsula.
* 1959 &ndash; The Knox Mine Disaster occurs in Patston City, Pennsylvania kills 12 people, as water breaches the mine.
* 1962 &ndash; The Organization of American States (OAS) makes Cuba no longer a member.
* 1963 &ndash; The Elysee Treaty of cooperation between France and the Federal Republic of Germany is signed by French President Charles de Gaulle and German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.
* 1968 &ndash; Apollo 5 lifts off, carrying the first lunar module into space.
* 1969 &ndash; A gunman attempts to kill Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.
* 1970 &ndash; The world's first jumbo jet, a Boeing 747, enters commercial service for the first time, flying from New York City to London.
* 1971 &ndash; The Singapore Declaration, an important part of the treaty of the Commonwealth of Nations.
* 1973 &ndash; A Boeing 737 of the Royal Jordanian Airline explodes at Kano Airport in northern Nigeria, killing 176 people.
* 1973 &ndash; George Foreman defeats Joe Frazier to win the World Heavyweight Boxing champion.
* 1973 &ndash; The Supreme Court of the United States shows its decision in Roe vs. Wade, stopping laws that limit abortion during the first six months of being pregnant.
* 1980 &ndash; Andrei Sakharov is arrested in Moscow.
* 1984 &ndash; The Apple Macintosh computer is introduced.
* 1987 &ndash; Pennsylvania politician R. Budd Dwyer shoots and kills himself during a live press conference.
* 1987 &ndash; Philippine Security forces open fire on a crowd  of 10,000 to 15,000 demonstrators in Manila, killing 13 people.
* 1991 &ndash; Gulf War: Three SCUDs and one patriot missile hit Ramat Gan, Israel, killing 96 people.

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; The Netherlands vote for a new parliament after the one before had only been into power for 86 days.
* 2006 &ndash; Anibal Cavaco Silva is elected President of Portugal.
* 2006 &ndash; Evo Morales becomes President of Bolivia.
* 2006 &ndash; Russia uncovers that the UK spied through a device disguised as a rock.
* 2007 &ndash; More than 88 people are killed in two car bombings in Baghdad.
* 2015 &ndash; After Houthi rebels seize the Presidential palace in the capital, Sana'a, Yemen's President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi resigns following months of unrest.
* 2018 &ndash; Former footballer George Weah becomes President of Liberia.

## Births
### Up to 1900 
* 826 &ndash; Emperor Montoku of Japan (d. 858)
* 1263 &ndash; Ibn Taymiyyah, Syrian scholar and theologian (d. 1328)
* 1440 &ndash; Ivan III of Russia (d. 1505)
* 1552 &ndash; Walter Raleigh, English poet, soldier, courtier, spy and explorer (d. 1618)
* 1561 &ndash; Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher (d. 1626)
* 1592 &ndash; Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher (d. 1655)
* 1690 &ndash; Nicolas Lancret, French painter (d. 1743)
* 1729 &ndash; Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German writer and philosopher (d. 1781)
* 1733 &ndash; Philip Carteret, English navy captain, discovered Pitcairn Island (d. 1796)
* 1781 &ndash; François Habeneck, French violinist and conductor (d. 1849)
* 1788 &ndash; Lord Byron, English poet (d. 1824)
* 1796 &ndash; Karl Ernst Claus, Russian chemist (d. 1864)
* 1797 &ndash; Maria Leopoldina of Austria, Empress of Brazil (d. 1826)
* 1814 &ndash; Eduard Zeller, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1908)
* 1831 &ndash; Prince Christian III of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1917)
* 1840 &ndash; Ernest Roland Wilberforce, English bishop (d. 1907)
* 1843 &ndash; Friedrich Blass, German classical scholar (d. 1907)
* 1849 &ndash; August Strindberg, Swedish novelist and playwright (d. 1912)
* 1855 &ndash; Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser, German physician (d. 1916)
* 1858 &ndash; Beatrice Webb, American sociologist and economist (d. 1943)
* 1865 &ndash; Wilbur Scoville, American pharmacologist and chemist (d. 1942)
* 1869 &ndash; José Vicente de Freitas, 97th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1952)
* 1874 &ndash; Vincenzo Lapuma, Italian cardinal (d. 1943)
* 1875 &ndash; D. W. Griffith, American actor, movie director and movie producer (d. 1948)
* 1877 &ndash; Hjalmar Schacht, German banker and politician (d. 1970)
* 1879 &ndash; Francis Picabia, French–born painter and poet (d. 1953)
* 1880 &ndash; Frigyes Riesz, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1956)
* 1882 &ndash; Theodore Kosloff, Russian–American actor, ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1958)
* 1885 &ndash; Eugène Christophe, French cyclist (d. 1970)
* 1890 &ndash; Fred M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1953)
* 1891 &ndash; Antonio Gramsci, Italian philosopher and political theorist (d. 1937)
* 1892 &ndash; Marcel Dassault, French businessman (d. 1986)
* 1893 &ndash; Conrad Veidt, German actor (d. 1943)
* 1897 &ndash; Blind Willie Johnson, American blues and gospel musician (d. 1945)
* 1897 &ndash; Rosa Ponselle, American soprano (d. 1981)
* 1898 &ndash; Ross Barnett, American politician, 52nd Governor of Mississippi (d. 1987)
* 1898 &ndash; Sergei Eisenstein, Russian movie director (d. 1948)
* 1900 &ndash; Ernst Busch, German actor and singer (d. 1980)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Walther Sommerlath, German businessman, father of Queen Silvia of Sweden (d. 1990)
* 1901 &ndash; Ken G. Hall, Australian movie producer, director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
* 1904 &ndash; George Balanchine, Georgian–born choreographer (d. 1983)
* 1904 &ndash; Arkady Gaidar, Russian writer (d. 1941)
* 1907 &ndash; Dixie Dean, English footballer (d. 1980)
* 1908 &ndash; Lev Davidovich Landau, Soviet physicist (d. 1968)
* 1909 &ndash; U Thant, Burmese diplomat and United Nations Secretary-General (d. 1974)
* 1909 &ndash; Ann Sothern, American actress (d. 2004)
* 1911 &ndash; Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1990)
* 1913 &ndash; Henry Bauchau, Belgian psychoanalyst (d. 2012)
* 1913 &ndash; William Conway, Irish cardinal (d. 1977)
* 1915 &ndash; Heinrich Albertz, Mayor of Berlin (d. 1993)
* 1916 &ndash; Bill Durnan, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1972)
* 1916 &ndash; Henri Dutilleux, French composer (d. 2013)
* 1918 &ndash; Elmer Lach, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
* 1918 &ndash; Bruno Zevi, Italian architect, historian and professor (d. 2000)
* 1920 &ndash; Irving Kristol, American political commentator (d. 2009)
* 1920 &ndash; Chiara Lubich, Italian religious leader (d. 2008)
* 1920 &ndash; Alf Ramsey, English football manager (d. 1999)
* 1922 &ndash; Howard Moss, American poet, playwright and critic (d. 1987)
* 1923 &ndash; Diana Douglas, Bermudan–American actress (d. 2015)
* 1924 &ndash; Ortvin Sarapu, New Zealand chess player (d. 1999)
* 1925 &ndash; Bobby George, American baseball player (d. 1985)
* 1929 &ndash; Petr Eben, Czech composer, organist and choirmaster (d. 2007)
* 1931 &ndash; Galina Zybina, Russian shot putter and javelin thrower
* 1932 &ndash; Piper Laurie, American actress
* 1934 &ndash; Vijay Anand, Indian actor, director, screenwriter and producer (d. 2004)
* 1934 &ndash; Bill Bixby, American actor (d. 1993)
* 1935 &ndash; Seymour Cassel, American actor
* 1935 &ndash; Saloma, Malaysian actress and singer, wife of P. Ramlee.
* 1936 &ndash; Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (d. 2002)
* 1936 &ndash; Alan J. Heeger, American chemist
* 1936 &ndash; Valerio Zanone, Italian politician (d. 2016)
* 1938 &ndash; Altair Gomes de Figueiredo, Brazilian footballer
* 1939 &ndash; J. C. Trembley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1994)
* 1939 &ndash; Alfredo Palacio, former President of Ecuador
* 1940 &ndash; John Hurt, British actor (d. 2017)
* 1940 &ndash; Gillian Shepherd, British educator and politician
* 1941 &ndash; Jaan Kaplinski, Estonian writer and philosopher
* 1942 &ndash; Mimis Domazos, Greek footballer
* 1945 &ndash; Jean-Pierre Nicolas, French rally driver
* 1945 &ndash; Alojz Uran, former Roman Catholic Archbishop of Ljubljana
* 1945 &ndash; Christoph Schönborn, Austrian cardinal
* 1946 &ndash; Malcolm McLaren, British music manager (d. 2010)
* 1946 &ndash; Serge Savard, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1947 &ndash; Vladimir Oravsky, Swedish author
* 1948 &ndash; Gilbert Levine, American conductor
* 1949 &ndash; Steve Perry, American singer, composer and musician

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Ondrej Nepela, Slovakian figure skater (d. 1989)
* 1953 &ndash; Myung-whun Chung, South Korean pianist and conductor
* 1954 &ndash; Chris Lemmon, American actor
* 1955 &ndash; Keiko Takahashi, Japanese actress
* 1955 &ndash; Thomas David Jones, American astronaut
* 1955 &ndash; Neil Bush, American businessman, brother of George W. Bush
* 1957 &ndash; Francis Wheen, English writer and journalist
* 1958 &ndash; Nikos Anastopoulos, Greek footballer
* 1959 &ndash; Linda Blair, American actress
* 1959 &ndash; Urs Meier, Swiss football referee
* 1960 &ndash; Michael Hutchence, Australian musician (d. 1997)
* 1962 &ndash; Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu, Malaysian Head of State
* 1963 &ndash; Neeraj Vora, Indian actor (d. 2017)
* 1964 &ndash; Nigel Benn, English boxer
* 1965 &ndash; Steven Adler, American drummer (Guns N' Roses)
* 1965 &ndash; Diane Lane, American actress
* 1967 &ndash; Eleanor McEvoy, Irish singer songwriter
* 1968 &ndash; Guy Fieri, American television host, chef and restaurateur
* 1968 &ndash; Heath, Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player
* 1968 &ndash; Mauricio Serna, Colombian footballer
* 1970 &ndash; Abraham Olano, Spanish cyclist
* 1971 &ndash; Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu, Australian musician (d. 2017)
* 1971 &ndash; Stan Collymore, English footballer
* 1971 &ndash; Sergei Zamorski, Russian–Estonian footballer
* 1972 &ndash; Namrata Shirodkar, Indian actress
* 1973 &ndash; Rogério Ceni, Brazilian footballer
* 1974 &ndash; Joseph Muscat, 13th Prime Minister of Malta

### From 1976 
* 1977 &ndash; Hidetoshi Nakata, Japanese footballer
* 1977 &ndash; Mario Domm, Mexican singer-songwriter, pianist and producer
* 1980 &ndash; Jonathan Woodgate, English footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Ben Moody, American musician
* 1981 &ndash; Beverley Mitchell, American actress
* 1981 &ndash; Ibrahima Sonko, French footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Fabricio Coloccini, Argentine footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Ben Eager, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1984 &ndash; Todor Slavov, Bulgarian rally driver (d. 2015)
* 1985 &ndash; Mohamed Sissoko, Malian footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Lee Pa-ni, South Korean model
* 1987 &ndash; Astrid Jacobsen, Norwegian skier
* 1987 &ndash; Shane Long, Irish footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Greg Oden, American basketball player
* 1990 &ndash; Alizé Cornet, French tennis player
* 1991 &ndash; Elizabeth Simmonds, British swimmer
* 1993 &ndash; Rio Haryanto, Indonesian racing driver
* 1993 &ndash; Tommy Knight, English actor
* 1994 &ndash; Hendrik Bonmann, German footballer
* 2002 &ndash; Caitlin Clark, American basketball player

## Deaths
### Up to 1900 
* 239 &ndash; Cao Rui, Chinese Emperor (b. 205)
* 1341 &ndash; Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1279)
* 1531 &ndash; Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (b. 1487)
* 1592 &ndash; Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France (b. 1554)
* 1599 &ndash; Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (b. 1547)
* 1666 &ndash; Shah Jahan, Mughal Emperor (b. 1592)
* 1767 &ndash; Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German scientist (b. 1719)
* 1779 &ndash; Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (b. 1733)
* 1840 &ndash; Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, German anthropologist (b. 1752)
* 1892 &ndash; Joseph P. Bradley, American jurist (b. 1813)
* 1900 &ndash; David Edward Hughes, Welsh–American physicist and inventor (b. 1831)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1901 &ndash; Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (b. 1819)
* 1919 &ndash; Carl Larsson, Swedish painter (b. 1853)
* 1922 &ndash; Fredrik Bajer, Danish politician and pacifist (b. 1837)
* 1922 &ndash; Pope Benedict XV (b. 1854)
* 1922 &ndash; Camille Jordan, French mathematician (b. 1838)
* 1929 &ndash; R. C. Lehmann, English journalist, writer and politician (b. 1856)
* 1942 &ndash; Walter Sickert, German painter (b. 1860)
* 1945 &ndash; Else Lasker-Schüler, German poet (b. 1869)
* 1950 &ndash; Alan Hale, Sr., American actor (b. 1892)
* 1950 &ndash; Corinne Luchaire, French actress (b. 1921)
* 1951 &ndash; Karl Nessler, German–American hairdresser (b. 1872)
* 1951 &ndash; Lawson Robertson, Scottish–American high jumper (b. 1883)
* 1954 &ndash; Princess Margaret of Prussia (b. 1872)
* 1957 &ndash; Ralph Barton Perry, American philosopher (b. 1876)
* 1959 &ndash; Mike Hawthorn, English racing driver (b. 1929)
* 1963 &ndash; William Godfrey, English cardinal (b. 1889)
* 1968 &ndash; Duke Kahanamoku, Hawaiian–American swimmer and surfer (b. 1890)
* 1971 &ndash; Harry Frank Guggenheim, American businessman and publisher (b. 1890)
* 1973 &ndash; Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President of the United States (b. 1908)
* 1978 &ndash; Herbert Sutcliffe, English cricketer (b. 1894)
* 1982 &ndash; Eduardo Frei Montalva, President of Chile (b. 1911)
* 1982 &ndash; Tommy Tucker, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1933)
* 1990 &ndash; Mariano Rumor, Italian politician (b. 1915)
* 1990 &ndash; Roman Vishniac, Russian–American photographer (b. 1897)
* 1991 &ndash; Kenas Aroi, Nauruan politician (b. 1942)
* 1994 &ndash; Telly Savalas, American entertainer (b. 1924)
* 1994 &ndash; Jean-Louis Barrault, French actor and director (b. 1910)
* 1995 &ndash; Jerry Blackwell, American professional wrestler (b. 1949)
* 1995 &ndash; Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, mother of John F. Kennedy (b. 1890)
* 1998 &ndash; C. Elmer Anderson, Governor of Minnesota (b. 1912)

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Stanley Marcus, American businessman (b. 1905)
* 2003 &ndash; Bill Mauldin, American cartoonist (b. 1921)
* 2005 &ndash; Carlo Orelli, Italian soldier and supercentenarian (b. 1894)
* 2007 &ndash; Abbé Pierre, French priest and monk (b. 1912)
* 2008 &ndash; Claude Piron, Swiss translator (b. 1931)
* 2008 &ndash; Heath Ledger, Australian actor (b. 1979)
* 2010 &ndash; Sultan Iskandar of Johor, Malaysian Head of State (b. 1932)
* 2010 &ndash; Jean Simmons, British actress (b. 1929)
* 2012 &ndash; Joe Paterno, American college football coach (b. 1926)
* 2014 &ndash; Carlo Mazzacurati, Italian movie director (b. 1956)
* 2015 &ndash; Wendell H. Ford, American politician, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1924)
* 2015 &ndash; Joan Hinde, English trumpeter and entertainer (b. 1933)
* 2015 &ndash; Dacia Valent, Somali–Italian politician (b. 1963)
* 2016 &ndash; Homayoun Behzadi, Iranian footballer (b. 1941)
* 2016 &ndash; Miloslav Ransdorf, Czech politician (b. 1953)
* 2016 &ndash; Rik Wilson, American ice hockey player (b. 1962)
* 2016 &ndash; Cecil Parkinson, English politician (b. 1931)
* 2016 &ndash; Kamer Genç, Turkish politician (b. 1940)
* 2017 &ndash; Dan Caspi, Romanian–Israeli media theorist and academic (b. 1945)
* 2017 &ndash; Chen Yu-mei, Taiwanese politician (b. 1966)
* 2017 &ndash; Moshe Gershuni, Israeli painter and sculptor (b. 1936)
* 2017 &ndash; Jaki Liebezeit, German musician (b. 1938)
* 2017 &ndash; Andy Marte, Dominican baseball player (b. 1983)
* 2017 &ndash; Yordano Ventura, Dominican baseball player (b. 1991)
* 2017 &ndash; Pete Overend Watts, English musician (b. 1947)
* 2018 &ndash; Jimmy Armfield, English footballer (b. 1935)
* 2018 &ndash; Billy Hancock, American singer and guitarist (b. 1946)
* 2018 &ndash; Reinier Kreijermaat, Dutch footballer (b. 1935)
* 2018 &ndash; Ursula K. Le Guin, American science fiction writer (b. 1929)

## Holidays and observances
* New Zealand – Wellington Anniversary
* Ukraine – Reunion Day
* Poland – Grandfather's Day