open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Devin Hester

**Devin Hester** (born November 4, 1982 in Riviera Beach, Florida) is an American football return specialist for the Atlanta Falcons. Hester was drafted out of the University of Miami by the Chicago Bears with the 57th pick in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Hester won an ESPY Award in 2007 for the Breakthrough Player of the Year.

## Other websites
*Devin Hester at chicagobears.com
Ben Carson

**Benjamin S. "Ben" Carson, Sr** (born September 18, 1951) is an American neurosurgeon and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he was the 17th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 2017 to 2021. After graduating from Yale University, Carson went to University of Michigan Medical School, and was later accepted to Johns Hopkins University.

In 2008, Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush. He was the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is known for, among other accomplishments, being the first doctor to separate twins that were joined together at the head.

## Early life
Carson was born in Detroit, Michigan to Sonya Copeland and Robert Carson. He studied at Yale University and at the University of Michigan.

## Medical career
Carson was a professor of neurosurgery, oncology, plastic surgery, and pediatrics, and he was the director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. At 33, he became the youngest major division director in the hospital's history as director of pediatric neurosurgery. He was also a co-director of the Johns Hopkins Craniofacial Center.

He was the first surgeon to successfully separate  conjoined twins joined at the head. In 2008 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush. After delivering a widely publicized speech at the 2013 National Prayer Breakfast, he became a popular conservative figure in political media for his views on social and political issues.

In March 2013, Carson announced he would retire as a surgeon, stating "I'd much rather quit when I'm at the top of my game". His retirement became official on July 1, 2013.

## 2016 presidential campaign
Carson ran for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election.

On March 2 following the 2016 Super Tuesday primaries, Carson announced that while he was not suspending his campaign he "did not see a 'path forward'" and would not attend the next Republican debate in Detroit. On March 4, 2016, Carson suspended his presidential campaign. He later endorsed Donald Trump.

## United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (2017&ndash;2021)
On December 5, 2016, Donald Trump nominated Carson for the job of United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

On March 2, 2017, Carson was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 58–41 vote.

## Personal life
Carson married Candy Carson in 1975. They have three children. He is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

## References
## Other websites
* Carson for President  campaign website
** *In Depth* interview with Carson, August 4, 2013
Hunter Cantwell

**Hunter Cantwell** (born December 30, 1985 in Chattanooga, Tennessee) is a retired American football quarterback who played for on the practice squad for the Carolina Panthers and the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Cantwell played college football at the University of Louisville. He was undrafted and started his NFL career in 2009 and ended his NFL career in 2011. He is currently the quarterbacks coach for Campbellsville University.

## References
## Other websites
*Hunter Cantwell at carolinapanthers.com
University of Louisville

The **University of Louisville** is a public university in Louisville, Kentucky. The university has about 19,743 students. It was founded in 1798. The current president of the university is Neeli Bendapudi. 

## Sports
The sports teams of the university are called the Cardinals. They have 21 varsity teams that compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

## Other websites
*University of Louisville's Official website
*Louisville Cardinals' Official website
University of South Florida

The **University of South Florida** is a public university in Tampa, Florida. The university has about 45,713 students. It was founded in 1956. The current president of the university is Rhea Law.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Bulls. They have 15 varsity teams and they compete in the American Athletic Conference.

## References
## Other websites
*University of South Florida's Official website
*South Florida Bulls' Official athletics website
Norma (constellation)

The constellation **Norma** is a small group of stars in the southern hemisphere between Scorpius and Centaurus. Its name is Latin for normal and can mean a right angle. The constellation may be pictured as a ruler, a carpenter's square, a set square, or a level.

## Notable features
### Stars
The Milky Way passes through Norma.

### Deep-sky objects
Because it is on the Milky Way, this constellation contains many deep sky objects. Galaxy NGC 6087 is a highly visible one.

Shapley 1 is a planetary nebula about 1,000 lightyears away from Earth.

## References
*
* Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). *Stars and Planets Guide*, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .

## Other websites
*Norma on Robin Gatter's site 
*Star Tales – Norma
*Norma on Richard Dibon-Smith's site
*Peoria Astronomical Society: Norma 
*The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Norma
West Virginia University

**West Virginia University** is a public university in Morgantown, West Virginia. The university has about 29,306 students. It was founded in 1867. The current president of the university is E. Gordon Gee, who is in his second stint as president. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Mountaineers. They have 17 varsity teams and now compete mainly in the Big 12 Conference, after leaving their longtime home, the Big East Conference, in July 2012. WVU has separate conference memberships in two sports. In men's soccer, a sport not sponsored by the Big 12, the Mountaineers play in the Sun Belt Conference. In rifle shooting, also not sponsored by the Big 12, the Mountaineers are in the Great America Rifle Conference.

## Other websites
*West Virginia University official website
*West Virginia Mountaineers official website
Acanthodii

**Acanthodii** (sometimes called **spiny sharks**) is a class of extinct fishes, having features of both bony fish (Osteichthyes) and cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes). They appeared in the early Silurian (430 mya) and lasted until the late Permian (250 mya). The earliest ancanthodians were marine, but during the Devonian, freshwater species became predominant. They are distinguished in two respects: they were the first known jawed vertebrates, and they had stout spines supporting their fins, fixed in place and non-movable (like a shark's dorsal fin).

## Other websites
Villanova University

The **Villanova University** is a private university in Villanova, Pennsylvania. The university has about 9,535 students. It was founded in 1842. The current president of the university is Rev. Peter M. Donohue, O.S.A. The school has also produced Pope Leo XIV, the first U.S.-born Pope. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Wildcats. They have 24 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Big East Conference. The football team plays in the Colonial Athletic Association, and the women's rowing team is a member of the American Athletic Conference.

## Sources
## Other websites
*Villanova University's Official website
*Villanova Wildcats' Official athletics website
Orion

**Orion** may mean:

*Orion (mythology), a hunter in Greek mythology

## Astronomy 
* Orion (constellation)
** Orion's Belt, an asterism of the three stars Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka.
** Orion nebula in the region of Orion's Sword, one of the brightest nebulae in the sky.
* Orion Arm (Orion-Cygnus Arm), a spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy

## Music 
* "Orion", a song by Jethro Tull on the album *Stormwatch*
* "Orion", a song by Metallica on the album *Master of Puppets*

## Other 
* Orion, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France
* Orion (spacecraft), a manned spacecraft
* Orion (comics), a DC Comics character
* Orion (airplane)
DePaul University

**DePaul University** is a private university in Chicago, Illinois. The university has about 24,008 students. It was founded in 1898. The current president of the university is Robert L. Manuel, PhD. It was named after 17th-century French priest Saint Vincent de Paul.

DePaul's two main campuses are located in Lincoln Park and the Loop.  The Lincoln Park Campus is home to the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Science and Health, and Education. The Loop campus is home to Colleges of Business, Law and Technology. 

Since 1998, DePaul University has been the largest Catholic university in the United States.

## Students
The university enrolls around 16,000 undergraduate and about 7,600 graduate/law students, making DePaul the 13th largest private university by enrollment in the United States, and the largest private university in Illinois. According to the Division of Student Affairs website, about 90% of DePaul's students commute or live off campus. The student body represents a wide array of religious, ethnic, and geographic backgrounds, including over 60 foreign countries.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Blue Demons. They have 13 varsity teams and they compete in the Big East Conference.

## References
## Other websites
*DePaul University's Official website
*DePaul Blue Demons' Official athletics website
Marquette University

**Marquette University** is a private, coeducational, Roman Catholic university in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The university has about 11,599 students. It was founded in 1898. The current president of the university is Rev. Robert A. Wild, S.J. . 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Golden Eagles. They have 10 varsity teams and they compete in the Big East Conference.

## Other websites
*Marquette University's Official website
*Marquette Golden Eagles' Official athletics website
Providence College

**Providence College** is a private, Roman Catholic university in Providence, Rhode Island. The university has about 4,585 students. It was founded in 1917. The current president of the university is Kenneth R. Sicard. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Friars. They have 19 varsity teams and they compete in the Big East Conference.

## Other websites
*Providence College's Official website
*Providence Frairs' Official athletics website
Agency

An **agency** is an organization which acts on behalf of others. There are commercial agencies, and government agencies. Dictionary.com defines 'agency': "an organization, company, or bureau that provides some service for another: a welfare agency". Actors, models, authors, sportspeople all have agents or agencies.

## Bureau
A **bureau** is agency within an agency. For example:
*The United States Department of the Interior is responsible for preserving the land and forests, and state parks. An agency within the Interior Department, the Bureau of Indian Affairs has the job of providing certain services to native American and native Alaskan tribes.
*The United States Department of Homeland Security, tasked with protecting the country from foreign threats, uses the Federal Bureau of Investigation as a national police force against terrorism and treason.

## World
### United States
In the United States, government agencies include the United States Department of Homeland Security, which has the job of protecting U.S. citizens; the United States Department of Education, which sets certain rules for how U.S. schools are to be run; and the United States Department of the Treasury, which helps keep track of the nation's money supply.

## Sources
Daniel Dennett

**Daniel Clement Dennett III** (March 28, 1942 &ndash; April 19, 2024) was an American philosopher, neuroscientist, and cognitive scientist. He was also an atheist. Dennett was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His scientific works focused in evolutionary biology and cognitive science.

Dennett graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1959. He spent one year at Wesleyan University before receiving his Bachelor of Arts in philosophy at Harvard University in 1963. In 1965, he received his Doctor of Philosophy in philosophy at the University of Oxford. He taught at the University of California, Irvine, from 1965 to 1971, before moving to Tufts University.

He was the co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies and the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy at Tufts University in Massachusetts. Dennett was a member of the editorial board for *The Rutherford Journal* and a co-founder of The Clergy Project.

His best known written works were *Consciousness Explained* (1991), ''Darwin's Dangerous Idea* (1995) and *Breaking the Spell* (2006). He was called one of the leading members of New Atheism, along with Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Christopher Hitchens.

He was married to Susan Bell from 1962 until his death. They had two children. He was an avid sailor.

Dennett died on April 19, 2024 at a hospital in Portland, Maine from problems caused by lung disease at the age of 82.

## More readings
* John Brockman (1995). *The Third Culture*. New York: Simon & Schuster.  (Discusses Dennett and others).
* Andrew Brook and Don Ross (editors) (2000). *Daniel Dennett*. New York: Cambridge University Press. 
* Daniel C. Dennett (1997), "Chapter 3. True Believers: The Intentional Strategy and Why it Works", in John Haugeland, *Mind Design II: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence*. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  (reprint of 1981 publication).
* Matthew Elton (2003). Dennett: Reconciling Science and Our Self-Conception. Cambridge, UK Polity Press. 
* P.M.S. Hacker and M.R. Bennett (2003) *Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience''. Oxford, and Malden, Mass: Blackwell  (Has an appendix devoted to a strong critique of Dennett's philosophy of mind)
* Don Ross, Andrew Brook and David Thompson (editors) (2000) ''Dennett's Philosophy: A Comprehensive Assessment* Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 
* John Symons (2000) *On Dennett''. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. 

## References
University of Cincinnati

The **University of Cincinnati** is a public university in Cincinnati, Ohio. The university has about 41,357 students. It was founded in 1819. The current president of the university is Gregory H. Williams. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Bearcats. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.

## Other websites
*University of Cincinnati's Official website
*Cincinnati Bearcats' Official athletics website
University of Nevada, Las Vegas

The **University of Nevada, Las Vegas**, often known as **UNLV**, is a public, coeducational university in Paradise, Nevada. The university has about 29,069 students. It was founded in 1957. The current president of the university is Keith E. Whitfield. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Rebels and Runnin' Rebels for basketball. They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Mountain West Conference.

Until the 1970s, the school mascot was Beauregard, a wolf dressed in a gray military field jacket and Confederate cap. Beauregard was named for CSA Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard.

## Other websites
*University of Nevada, Las Vegas's Official website
*UNLV Rebels' Official athletics website
St. John's University (New York City)

'''St. John's University''' is a private, coeducational, Roman Catholic university in Queens, New York. The university has about 20,069 students. It was founded in 1870. The current president of the university is Brian Shanley. There is also a campus in Paris, France and Rome, Italy.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Red Storm. They have 17 varsity teams and they compete in the Big East Conference.

## Other websites
*St. John's University's Official website
*St. John's Red Storm's Official athletics website
San Diego State University

**San Diego State University**, or **SDSU** for short, is a public university in San Diego, California, and a part of the California State University system. The university has about 38,000 students. It was founded in 1897. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Aztecs. They have 17 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Mountain West Conference (MW). Three teams have separate conference memberships in sports that the MW does not sponsor. The women's lacrosse team is a member of the Big 12 Conference, the men's soccer team plays in the Western Athletic Conference, and the women's water polo team plays in the Golden Coast Conference.

## Other websites
*San Diego State University's Official website
*San Diego State Aztecs' Official athletics website
University of New Mexico

The **University of New Mexico** is a public university in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The university has about 34,674 students. It was founded in 1889. The current president of the university is David J. Schmidly. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Lobos. They have 16 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Mountain West Conference (MW). New Mexico has separate conference memberships in two sports that the MW does not sponsor. In skiing, the Lobos are members of the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association. In men's soccer, New Mexico is a member of Conference USA.

## Other websites
*University of New Mexico's Official website
*New Mexico Lobos' Official athletics website
Troy University

**Troy University** is a public university in Troy, Alabama. The university has about 30,000 students. It was founded in 1887. The current chancellor of the university is Jack Hawkins, Jr.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Trojans. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in the Sun Belt Conference.

## Other websites
* Troy University's Official website
* Troy Trojans' Official athletics website
Jaclyn Smith

**Jaclyn Smith** (born October 26, 1945 in Houston, Texas) is an American actress. She played Kelly Garrett in the television series ''Charlie's Angels'' from 1976 to 1981. She also acted in many television movies.

## References 
## Other websites
*
University of Connecticut

The **University of Connecticut** or sometimes referred to as **UConn** for short is a public university in Storrs, Connecticut. The university has about 28,677 students. It was founded in 1881. The current president of the university is Radenka Maric.

## Campuses
The main campus in Storrs is located approximately 30 miles east of Connecticut's capital city, Hartford. The university also operates four satellite campuses in the towns of Hartford, Stamford, Waterbury, and at Avery Point in Groton.

The school formerly operated campuses in West Hartford and Torrington.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the UConn Huskies. They have 21 varsity teams, all competing in NCAA Division I and most in the Big East Conference. The most popular of the athletic teams, the men's and women's basketball program, have been consistent NCAA national champions.

The Huskies have varying conference homes in sports not played by the Big East:
* Football plays as an independent (not in a conference) in the top level of NCAA football, Division I FBS.
* Men's and women's ice hockey play in Hockey East.
* Women's rowing competes in the Coastal Athletic Association.

## UConn Health
The university also operates an affiliated teaching hospital, John Dempsey Hospital, in the Hartford suburb of Farmington.

## Other websites
*University of Connecticut's Official website
*UConn Huskies' Official athletics website
University of North Texas

The **University of North Texas** is a public university in Denton, Texas. The university has 40,796 students as of 2020. It was founded in 1890. The current president of the university is Neal Smatresk.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Mean Green. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in the American Athletic Conference.

## Other websites
*University of North Texas' Official website
*North Texas Mean Green's Official athletics website
Western Kentucky University

**Western Kentucky University** is a public university in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The university has about 20,712 students. It was founded in 1906. The current president of the university is Dr. Gary A. Ransdell. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university for men are called the Hilltoppers and the athletics teams for the women are called the Lady Toppers. They have 17 varsity teams, all of which play in Conference USA.

## References
## Other websites
*Western Kentucky University's official website
*Western Kentucky Hilltoppers' official athletics website
University of Wyoming

The **University of Wyoming** is a public university in Laramie, Wyoming. The university has about 13,657 students. It was founded in 1886. The current president of the university is Edward Seidel. Dick Cheney went to the University of Wyoming.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Cowboys for the men and the Cowgirls for the women. They are commonly known as the Pokes. They have 17 varsity teams and they compete in the Mountain West Conference. Josh Allen once played quarterback for the Wyoming football team.

## Other websites
*University of Wyoming's Official website
*Wyoming Cowboys' Official athletics website
Boise State University

**Boise State University** is a public university in Boise, Idaho. The university has 24,103 students. It was founded in 1932. The current president of the university is Robert W. Kustra.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Broncos. They have 17 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Mountain West Conference.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Official news site 
* Official Athletics website
* Historic Boise State Digital Collection  features photographs that reflect the history of Boise State, from its beginning as Boise Junior College in 1932 to the present. Includes images of campus life, student activities, buildings, and athletics
The Adjustment Bureau

***The Adjustment Bureau*** is a 2011 American romance science fiction thriller movie set in 2006. It was produced by George Nolfi, Chris Moore, Michael Hackett and Bill Carraro and was directed by George Nolfi. The movie was released on March 4, 2011.

## Cast 
*Matt Damon as David Norris
*Emily Blunt as Elise Sallas
*Anthony Mackie as Harry Mitchell
*Shohreh Aghdashloo as Mrs. Norris
*Michael Kelly as Charlie Traynor
*John Slattery as Richardson
*Anthony Ruivivar as McCrady
*Terence Stamp as Thompson
*Lauren Hodges as Robyn
*Lawrence Leritz as Court Officer

## Other websites 
**The Adjustment Bureau*'s Official website 
* 
*
Seton Hall University

**Seton Hall University** is a private Roman Catholic university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States.  It was started in 1856 by Archbishop James Roosevelt Bayley. Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States. Seton Hall is also the oldest and largest Catholic university in New Jersey. The university is known for its programs in business, law, education, nursing, and diplomacy.

Seton Hall is made up of eight different schools and colleges.  It has about 5,200 undergraduate students and about 4,400 graduate students. Its School of Law has 1,200 students. *US News & World Report* lists the School of Law as one of the top 100 law schools in the United States.In 2011, Seton Hall's Stillman School of Business is  88 out of the top 100 undergraduate business schools.  It is one of only three school from state of New Jersey to maje the list according to BusinessWeek.

The Seton Hall College of Medicine and Dentistry was the first school of medicine in the State of New Jersey. The state took over the school in 1965.  It is now the New Jersey Medical School, part of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.

## Sports
The school's sports teams are called the Pirates. They play in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big East Conference. The college started its first basketball team in 1903. Seton Hall stopped having a football team in 1982. 

Seton Hall athletics is best known for its men's basketball team.  The team won the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in 1953.  It lost in the finals of the 1989 NCAA Tournament to Michigan, 80–79 in overtime. Seton Hall currently has teams at the Division I level in baseball, basketball, women's basketball, cross country running, men's golf, soccer, women's soccer, softball, swimming, diving, women's tennis, indoor and outdoor track & field, and volleyball.

Seton Hall also has club sports in ice hockey, rugby union, and Men's volleyball. Almost all the Seton Hall sports have their home field on the South Orange campus. The men's ice hockey team and the men's basketball team play at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey.

## References
## Other websites
*Seton Hall University's Official website
*Seton Hall Pirates' Official athletics website
Carol Channing

**Carol Elaine Channing** (January 31, 1921 &ndash; January 15, 2019) was an American stand-up comedian, actress, singer, dancer and voice artist. She received three Tony Awards. Channing played Lorelei in the Broadway musical *Gentlemen Prefer Blondes* and played Dolly in the Broadway musical *Hello, Dolly!*.

## Early life
Channing was born **Carol Elaine Channing** in Seattle, Washington on January 31, 1921. When she left home to go to Bennington College, her mother told her that her father's mother was African-American.

## Death
Channing died on January 15, 2019, of complications from a stroke at her home in Rancho Mirage, California, sixteen days before her 98th birthday.

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Harmonia Macrocosmica

The ***Harmonia Macrocosmica*** is a star atlas by Andreas Cellarius. It was published in 1660 by Johannes Janssonius. The first part of the atlas has copper plate prints showing the universe models of Claudius Ptolemy, Nicolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe. In the second part are star maps of the Christian constellations. The atlas also had plates supporting the views of the Catholic Church, so the book was not placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, a list of publications the Catholic Church .

## References 
## Other websites
Jane Russell

**Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell**, known simply as **Jane Russell** (June 21, 1921 - February 28, 2011) was an American actress, born in Minnesota. She starred in almost two dozen films throughout her career, most notably *The Outlaw* (1943) and *Gentlemen Prefer Blondes* (1953), the latter of which she appeared in alongside Marilyn Monroe. Later in life, she starred in *Company* on Broadway. Russell died in Santa Maria, California of a respiratory related illness.
 in a promotional photo for *Gentlemen Prefer Blondes* (1953)]]

## Filmography 
* *The Outlaw* (1943)
* *Young Widow* (1946)
* *The Paleface* (1948)
* *His Kind of Woman* (1951)
* *Double Dynamite* (1951)
* *The Las Vegas Story* (1952)
* *Macao* (1952)
* *Son of Paleface* (1952)
* *Montana Belle* (1952)
* *Road to Bali* (1952; cameo)
* *Gentlemen Prefer Blondes* (1953)
* *The French Line* (1953)
* *Underwater!* (1955)
* *Foxfire* (1955)
* *The Tall Men* (1955)
* *Gentlemen Marry Brunettes* (1955)
* *Hot Blood* (1956)
* *The Revolt of Mamie Stover* (1956)
* *The Fuzzy Pink Nightgown* (1957)
* *Fate Is the Hunter* (1964; cameo)
* *Johnny Reno* (1966)
* *Waco* (1966)
* *The Born Losers* (1967)
* *Darker than Amber* (1970)

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Marie Osmond

**Olive Marie Osmond**, known simply as **Marie Osmond** (born October 13, 1959) is an American singer, actress, and doll designer. She was born in Ogden, Utah. She is the sister of Donny Osmond. Marie was not a part of her family's singing group The Osmonds. She had some success as a solo country artist in the 1970s and 1980s. She also hosted several talk shows with her brother Donny.

## Early Life 
Marie was born in Ogden, Utah. She is one of nine children and the only daughter.  She was four years old when she first performed on television in the 1960s.

## Music 
Marie has released a total of 9 albums of mostly country and pop music. Her 1973 release of Paper Roses became a number 1 hit and started her successful career.  Her latest work released in 2015 is titled Music is Medicine.

## Broadway 
She stared in 2 Broadway musicals. In 1994 she played the lead in The King and I and in 1997 she played the lead in The Sound of Music.

## Acting 
She was co-host of the Donny and Marie show that was very popular from 1975 until 1978.  Marie acted in several made for TV movies, variety shows, situation comedies and voiced animated characters during her career.  

In 1978, she stared in the movie Goin' Coconuts.

She was part of the CBS daytime show The Talk during the 10th season.

## Other work 
Marie has written 3 books.  In 2007 she came in third place on the 5th season of the US version of Dancing with the Stars. From 2008 through 2019 she performed with her brother, Donny, in a musical show at the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada.

## Charity 
Marie is the co-founder of the non-profit organization Children's Miracle Network.  It was started in 1983 and the money raised promotes children's hospitals in North America.

## Personal 
Marie is married to Stephen Craig and lives in Las Vegas, Nevada. She also owns a home in Ogden, Utah and one in Los Angeles, California.  She has 8 children.  She is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.  

## Other websites
*
Donny Osmond

**Donald Clark "Donny" Osmond** (born December 9, 1957) is an American musician, actor, singer, and teen idol. He is also a talk show and game show . Donny was part of the group The Osmonds before he went solo later on. He was born in Ogden, Utah.

## Other websites
* 
*
Degree of unsaturation

**Degree of unsaturation** (DOU) is a way to figure out how many rings or double bonds are in a molecule.

## Calculation 
# Determine the number of hydrogens that should be present if it was completely single bonded.  In other words use the formula 2n+2 (with n = the number of carbons present.
# Subtract the total from above from the number of hydrogens actually present.
# Take that number and divide it by two.  This number is your DOU.

Each degree either equals one ring structure or pi bond.  A double bond would have one DOU.  A triple bond would have a DOU of two (triple bond is one sigma bond with two pi bonds).

## Non-hydrocarbons 
For the below, use the same rules as above, using the definitions below.
* Silicon counts as a carbon
* Boron, nitrogen and phosphorus each count as a "half a carbon"
* Halogens (Group 7) count as a hydrogen
* Oxygen, sulfur and selenium (Group 6) can be ignored
Meave Leakey

**Meave G. Leakey** PhD DSc (hon) is a renowned paleontologist who studies the origin of mankind in West Africa. She was born Meave Epps, 28 July 1942 in London, and was married to Richard Leakey, the son of Louis and Mary Leakey. She is a research professor at Stony Brook University.

They have two children, Louise (born 1972) and Samira (born 1974). Her daughter Louise Leakey is also a paleontologist studying human origins.

Dr. Leakey's research team at Lake Turkana, Kenya made a discovery in 1999 that changed our understanding of early human ancestry. They found a 3.5 million-year-old skull and partial jaw thought to belong to a new branch of our early human family. She named the find *Kenyanthropus platyops*, or flat-faced man of Kenya.

## The Leakey family 
## References 
## Other websites
*Leakey Foundation
*Koobi Fora Research Project
*Dr. Meave Leakey Discusses *Kenyanthropus platyops*
Arizona State University

**Arizona State University** is a public university with its main campus in Tempe, Arizona. It has three other physical campuses in the Phoenix area, and also has a very large online operation. The Tempe campus has over 57,000 students, the other three physical campuses have a total of about 21,000 students, and over 62,000 attend online. ASU was founded in 1885. The current president of the university is Michael M. Crow.

## Sports
The sports teams of the university are called the Sun Devils. ASU has 20 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Big 12 Conference.

## Other websites
* Arizona State University's Official website
* Official ASU athletics website
Vanderbilt University

**Vanderbilt University** is a private university in Nashville, Tennessee, named after Cornelius Vanderbilt. The university has about 12,714 students. It was founded in 1873. The current chairman of the university, whose official title is "Chancellor", is Daniel Diermeier.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Commodores. They have 16 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Two Vanderbilt women's teams in sports that the SEC does not sponsor are housed elsewhere. The bowling team plays in Conference USA, and the lacrosse team plays in the American Athletic Conference.

### Football 
In college football, the Vanderbilt Commodores are generally considered to be the weakest team in the SEC, having a variety of poor historical records as a member of the conference. In the ongoing 2024 season, however, the Commodores have seen more success with several upsets.

## Other websites
*Vanderbilt University's Official website
*Vanderbilt Commodores' Official athletics website
Louise Leakey

**Louise Leakey** (born 21 March 1972) is a Kenyan paleontologist. She does research and field work on human fossils in East Africa.

Louise started finding fossils in 1977. She was six years old. She is the youngest person to find hominid fossils.

## Family tree 
## Related pages
* List of Kenyan scientists

## References
## Other websites
* Koobi Fora Research Project
* Leakey Foundation 
* TED Talks: Louise Leakey digs for humanity's origins  at TED in 2008
Furikake

**Furikake**  is a type of condiment that has a mixture of dried and ground fish, sesame seeds, chopped seaweed, sugar, salt, and monosodium glutamate. It is popular in Japan and is usually put on rice. Furikake has around 6 calories.

## References
Lake Turkana

, showing **Lake Turkana** (*upper left*) crossing north into Ethiopia.]]

**Lake Turkana**, formerly known as **Lake Rudolf**, is a lake in the Great Rift Valley in northwest Kenya. Its far northern end crosses into Ethiopia. 

## Description
It is the world's largest permanent desert lake and the world's largest alkaline lake. By volume it is the world's fourth-largest salt lake after the Caspian Sea, Issyk-Kul Lake and the (shrinking) Aral Sea. Among all lakes, it ranks 24th in area.

The water is drinkable, but not palatable. It supports a rich lacustrine wildlife. The climate is hot and very dry. 

The rocks of the surrounding area are predominantly volcanic. Central Island is an active volcano, emitting vapors. Outcrops and rocky shores are found on the East and South shores of the lake, while dunes, spits and flats are on the West and North, at a lower elevation.

On-shore and off-shore winds can be extremely strong as the lake warms and cools more slowly than the land. Sudden, violent storms are frequent. Three rivers (the Omo, Turkwel and Kerio) flow into the lake, but lacking outflow, its only water loss is by evaporation. Lake volume and dimensions are variable. For example, its level fell by  between 1975 and 1993.

Due to temperature, aridity and geographic inaccessibility, the lake retains its wild character. Many Nile crocodiles are  on the flats. The rocky shores are home to scorpions and carpet vipers. Although the lake and its environs have been popular for expeditions of every sort under the tutelage of guides, rangers and experienced persons, they certainly must be considered hazardous for unguided tourists.

## National Parks
Lake Turkana National Parks are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sibiloi National Park lies on the lake's eastern shore, while Central Island National Park and South Island National Park are in the lake. Both have crocodiles.

## Anthropology
The Lake Turkana area is regarded by many anthropologists as the cradle of humankind because there are many hominid fossils. The skeleton of Turkana boy was found near the lake in 1984.

## In popular culture
* The lake's eastern shore (in Loiyangalani) was the setting for John le Carré's novel *The Constant Gardener*, and was also a location for the film of the same title.

*Part of the events in the novel *“Невозвращенец”* (“The Non-Returnee”) by Andrei Gusev takes place on the shores of Lake Turkana in Loiyangalani (in the second part of this novel).

## References
Pretty Woman

***Pretty Woman*** is a 1990 American romantic comedy movie set in Los Angeles. It stars Julia Roberts as a street prostitute and Richard Gere as a rich businessman. It became one of the highest-grossing movies of 1990. Roberts won a Golden Globe Award for her performance. Pretty Woman was released by Touchstone Pictures.

## Other websites 
*
Homefront (video game)

***Homefront*** is a first-person shooter video game made by Kaos Studios for Windows and the Xbox 360 and Digital Extremes for the PC.

The game is set in the future America in the year 2027 and is about the nuclear-armed Korean People's Army (of North Korea) who invade the USA.  The game's main character can either fight the North Koreans in the main game or the Americans in the multiplayer game.

There has been controversy over the game's release in Japan where they censored the game by removing all the references to North Korea which included pictures of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il because they thought that to "use their real names would have been 'malicious' {evil} to an 'existing person' and an 'existing country.'". The game has also been banned from all types of sales in South Korea.

## References
## Other websites
*Homefront's Official website
Kurt Thomas (basketball)

**Kurt Vincent Thomas** (born October 4, 1972 in Dallas, Texas) is an American basketball player. He currently plays for the Chicago Bulls as a Power forward and Center. 

He was drafted out of Texas Christian University in the 1995 NBA Draft in the 1st round with the 10th pick by the Miami Heat.

He has also played with the Miami Heat from 1995 to 1997, Dallas Mavericks from 1997 to 1998, New York Knicks from 1998 to 2005, Phoenix Suns from 2005 to 2007, Seattle SuperSonics from 2007 to 2008, San Antonio Spurs from 2008 to 2009 and the Milwaukee Bucks from 2009 to 2010.

## Other websites
*Kurt Thomas' NBA player profile
Barbara Walters

**Barbara Jill Walters** (September 25, 1929 &ndash; December 30, 2022) was an author and broadcast journalist. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

Walters was the news anchor at NBC's *Today*. For 25 years Walters also hosted the ABC show *20/20*. She co-hosted the morning television show *The View* from 1997 to 2014. 

Walters had interviewed every U.S. President from Richard Nixon to Barack Obama, however she also interviewed Donald Trump and Joe Biden when they were not presidents.

## Awards
Walters received 3 Daytime Emmy Awards. She received Lifetime Achievement Awards for News and Documentary and daytime programs. She was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1989. On June 15, 2007, Walters received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 

In 1992 Walters received a Courage in Journalism Award for reporting in dangerous areas.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Barbara Walters Archive of American Television Interview
* Barbara Walters  Video produced by *Makers: Women Who Make America*
UDFy-38135539

**UDFy-38135539** (also known as **HUDF.YD3**) is a galaxy in the Fornax constellation. At present it is the farthest confirmed object ever seen. UDFy-38135539 is 13.1 billion light years from the Earth.

## Characteristics 
The galaxy is in the constellation Fornax, and it is estimated that the galaxy contains a billion stars.

## Significance 
The universe's first stars were massive, 
ionizing hydrogen in the surrounding environment. This is called the ionization epoch.

UDFy-38135539 (HUDF.YD3) is probably the first galaxy seen in the reionization epoch. Caltech astronomer Brant Robertson, commenting on the study, stated that the "galaxy happens to reside at a very special time in cosmic history when the properties of gas in the universe were changing rapidly, and therefore this galaxy and others like it may teach us a lot about the early history of the universe".

## References
Darko Miličić

**Darko Miličić** (born June 20, 1985 in Novi Sad, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is an Serbian basketball player that currently plays for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA. He was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the 2nd overall pick in the 1st round of the 2003 NBA Draft. He also played for the Detroit Pistons from 2003 to 2006, Orlando Magic from 2006 to 2007, Memphis Grizzlies from 2007 to 2009 and the New York Knicks from 2009 to 2010. He was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves along with cash considerations for Brian Cardinal from the Knicks.

## Other websites
*Darko Miličić's NBA player profile
Mira Sorvino

**Mira Sorvino** (born September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She received an Academy Award for "Best Supporting Actress" for her role in the 1995 movie *Mighty Aphrodite*. She starred in many other Hollywood movies. More recently she has been starring in low budget or independent movies. She is the daughter of actor Paul Sorvino.

## Personal life 
Sorvino and actor Christopher Backus were married June 11, 2004. The couple have four children. Their daughters are Mattea Angel (born 2004) and Lucia (born 2012). Their sons are Johnny Christopher King (born 2006) and Holden Paul Terry Backus (born 2009).

## Filmography 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Dynasty (1981 TV series)

***Dynasty*** was an American primetime soap opera which aired on ABC beginning in January 1981 and ending in May 1989. Starring in the series were John Forsythe, Linda Evans, Joan Collins, Heather Locklear, Pamela Sue Martin. This show was focused on the rich Carrington family from Denver, Colorado.
Between 1985 and 1987 a spin-off show *The Colbys* was being made.

## Other websites 
*
Bulletstorm

***Bulletstorm*** is a first-person shooter video game made by People Can Fly and Epic Games for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows.

The game came under negative criticism by Fox News for it's use of profanity, crude behavior, and sexual innuendo. Electronic Arts responded to this saying, "As you know, Bulletstorm is a work of entertainment fiction... The game and its marketing adhere to all guidelines set forth by the ESRB; both are designed for people 17+...Much like Tarantino's Kill Bill or Rodriguez's Sin City, this game is an expression of creative entertainment for adults."

## References
## Other websites
*
Hank Gathers

**Eric "Hank" Gathers** (February 11, 1967 – March 4, 1990) was an American basketball player that played for Loyola Marymount University where he was a breakout star. Gathers originally played at the University of Southern California before transferring to Loyola Marymount University with his teammate Bo Kimble. He died on March 4, 1990, after he collapsed on the court after making an alley-oop dunk. He was reported as saying "I don't want to lay down!" before he stopped breathing and was declared dead on arrival at the hospital from problems caused by ventricular tachycardia caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. He also collapsed at the free-throw line during an LMU home game on December 9, 1989 before. His life was featured in a 1992 TV movie, *Final Shot: The Hank Gathers Story* and in an ESPN film called *Guru of Go* for their 30 for 30 sries.

## Other websites
*Information on Gathers' death
Betty White

**Betty Marion White** (January 17, 1922 – December 31, 2021) was an American actress, comedian, presenter, singer, author, and television personality. She acted as Sue Ann Nivens in *The Mary Tyler Moore Show* and as Rose Nylund in the television sitcom *The Golden Girls*. She also starred as Elka Ostrovsky, in the TV Land comedy *Hot in Cleveland*.

White won seven Emmy Awards during her career. In 1983, she became the first woman to win a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host. White also holds the record for longest span between Emmy nominations for performances—her first was in 1951 and her most recent was in 2012, a span of 61 years—and became the oldest nominee as of 2013, aged 91. The actress is also the oldest winner of a competitive Grammy Award, which she won in 2012. She was host for the NBC entry *Just Men!*.

In 2011 White began hosting a new program, ''Betty White's Off Their Rockers*. In the program senior citizens play practical jokes on the younger generation. A special *Betty White's 90th Birthday Party'' was on NBC a day before the star's birthday on January 16, 2012. The show had appearances of many stars with whom White has worked over the years. Betty White was 99 years old.

## Early life
White was born in Oak Park, Illinois. She was of Greek, English, Welsh and Danish ancestry. She was an only child of Horace White, a lighting company executive, and her mother was a homemaker. White's family moved to Los Angeles, California during the Great Depression. She attended Horace Mann School Beverly Hills and Beverly Hills High School. She hosted the February 10, 2014 episode of Raw.

## Personal life
 in the Oval Office in June 2012.]]
In 1945, White married Dick Barker, a U.S. Army Air Corps pilot. The marriage was short-lived. In 1947, she married Lane Allen, a Hollywood agent. This marriage ended in divorce in 1949.

On June 14, 1963, White married television host and personality Allen Ludden (1917–1981). They met on his game show *Password* when she was a celebrity guest panelist in 1961.

Allen Ludden died from stomach cancer on June 9, 1981, in Los Angeles. Allen Ludden was 63 years old. They had no children together, though she is stepmother to his three children from his first marriage. White did not remarry after Ludden's death.

White was a practicing member of the Unity Church. She was also a registered Democrat. She endorsed President Barack Obama in 2012 saying she "likes how he represents us".

## Death
White died at her home in Los Angeles, California on December 31, 2021, at the age of 99. She died 17 days before her 100th birthday. The cause of death was problems caused by a stroke she had six days before her death.

## Awards
White was added to the Television Hall of Fame in 1995. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6747 Hollywood Boulevard alongside the star of her late husband Allen Ludden.

In 2010, the Screen Actors Guild honoured White with the Life Achievement Award. In 2010, she was chosen as the Associated Press's Entertainer of the Year.

## References
## Other websites
*
Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972

The **Wildlife Protection Act of 1972** is a set of laws created in 1972 by the Government of India. Before 1972, India had only five national parks.

The Act protects wild animals, a birds and plants in all of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir, which has its own wildlife act. It has six sections that give different degrees of protection. Schedule I  and part II of Schedule II  provide complete protection. Offences under these are given the highest penalty. Species listed in Schedule III  and Schedule IV  are also protected, but the penalties are much lower. Schedule V  includes the animals that can be hunted. The plants in Schedule VI  are prohibited from harvesting and planting.

## Other websites
* The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972