open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Be Here Now

***Be Here Now*** is a 1971 book on spirituality by the spiritual teacher Ram Dass. The title comes from what his guide in India, Bhagavan Das, used to tell him.

## Summary of the book
The book has four sections: 
*"Journey: The Transformation: Dr. Richard Alpert, PhD. into Baba Ram Dass"
*"From Bindu to Ojas: The Core Book" (Bindu is a Sanskrit word meaning "small dot". Ojas means "strength", or "life".)
*"Cookbook for a Sacred Life: A Manual for Conscious Being"
*"Painted Cakes: Books"

The first section is about his life, his work as a psychologist, his research with Timothy Leary into Psychedelics at Harvard, and his anxiety when this research does not help him with his spiritual questions. He then writes about his first journey to India and his meeting with his Guru, or spiritual teacher, Neem Karoli Baba, and spiritual renaming as Baba Ram Dass, or "servant of god".

The second section, the largest, is a collection of metaphysical, spiritual and religious sayings, with pictures.

The third section is a guide for starting on a yogic or spiritual path, and tells how to practice yoga and meditation. It has a lot of quotes from teachers of many different religions.

The last section, also titled "Painted Cakes Do Not Satisfy Hunger" contains a list of books on religion and spirituality. The book lists are divided into "Books to hang out with", "Books to visit with now & then", and "Books it's useful to have met".

## Publishing history
The book has been in print since it was first published, and has sold over one million copies. The work was published as a pamphlet by  the Lama Foundation. In 1977, the Lama Foundation decided that the Hanuman Foundation would get half of the money made by the book, so it could do more work to help people.

## Cultural influence
*Be Here Now* is one of the first guides, for those not born as Hindus, to becoming a yogi. For its influence on the Hippie movement and other movements, it has been described as a "countercultural bible". The book was the first place the phrase "be here now" was used. Other people have said they like the book, including Wayne Dyer. Musician George Harrison used the book's title as the title of one of his songs from his 1973 album *Living In The Material World*. He wrote about this in his book *I Me Mine*.

## Excerpt
Ram Dass wrote this in the book:

Now, though I am a beginner on the path, I have returned to the West for a time to work out karma or unfulfilled commitment. Part of this commitment is to share what I have learned with those of you who are on a similar journey. One can share a message through telling 'our-story' as I have just done, or through the teaching methods of yoga, or singing, or making love. Each of us finds his unique vehicle for sharing with others his bit of wisdom. For me, this story is but a vehicle for sharing with you the true message... the living faith in what is possible. --OM--

## Related pages
*Neem Karoli Baba

## References
1171

## Events 
* Saladin bans the Fatimid Caliphate, bringing back Sunni rule in Egypt.
* Manuel I Comnenus orders all the Venetians in the Byzantine Empire to be arrested.
* Rhys ap Gruffydd agrees to talk to Henry II of England.
* Building of the Cathedral of Saint Sabino in Bari is finished.
* Serbian ruler Stefan Nemanja begins to rule alone.
* Alfonso II of Aragon beats Caspe and Teruel.
* Henry II of England starts eight centuries of conflict and war between Ireland and England.
* Pisa and Florence make an alliance against Lucca and Genoa.
* The Heirs of Robert Burdet leave Catalonia.

## Births 
* August 15 — King Alfonso IX of León (d. 1230)
* Agnes of France, daughter of Louis VII of France (d. after 1207)

## Deaths 
* January 1 — Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster (b. 1110)
* February 20 — Conan IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1138)
* November 8 — Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (b. 1108)
* Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester (b. 1111)
* Gleb of Kiev
85 Io

**85 Io** is a big, dark Main belt asteroid of the C spectral class. It is probably a primitive body made of carbonates. Like 70 Panopaea it orbits within the Eunomia asteroid family but it is not related to the shattered parent body.

Io is a retrograde rotator, with its pole pointing towards one of ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (-45°, 105°) or (-15°, 295°) with a 10° uncertainty[1]. This gives an axial tilt of about 125° or 115°, respectively. Its shape is quite spherical.

It was found by C. H. F. Peters on September 19, 1865 and named after Io, a lover of Zeus in Greek mythology.

A diameter of 178 kilometres was measured from an occultation of a star on December 10, 1995 [4].

Io is also the name of the volcanic moon of Jupiter. With a two-digit number and a two-letter name, 85 Io has the shortest designation of all minor planets.

## Other websites 
* shape model deduced from lightcurve 

## References 
# J. Torppa *et al.* *Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data* , Icarus, Vol. 164, p.&nbsp;346 (2003).
# PDS lightcurve data 
# Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey 
# A. Erikson *Photometric observations and modelling of the asteroid 85 Io in conjunction with data from an occultation event during the 1995-96 apparition*, Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 47, p.&nbsp;327 (1999).
# G. A. Krasinsky *et al.* *Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt*, Icarus, Vol. 158, p.&nbsp;98 (2002).
Java Embedding Plugin

**Java Embedding Plugin** (JEP) allows Java on Mac OS X with browsers that are not Safari.

## Other websites 
* http://javaplugin.sourceforge.net(http://javaplugin.sourceforge.net)
Arena (web browser)

**Arena** is a web browser made by the W3C for testing support for HTML 3 and Cascading Style Sheets.

## Other websites
Flock (web browser)

**Flock** is a web browser based on Mozilla Firefox. Flock is also the name of the company making the browser.

## Awards
Upon leaving beta, Flock has won a number of awards:

**Webby Award* in social networking, 2008
**SXSW* community Award, 2008 

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Flock developer portal
HTTrack

**HTTrack** is a free and open source website copier and offline browser by Xavier Roche, licensed under the GNU General Public License. It allows you to download World Wide Web sites from the Internet to a computer.

## Other websites 
* Official site
* Demonstration of WinHTTrack in use
* SpiderZilla Add-on for Mozilla FireFox
87 Sylvia

**87 Sylvia** is one of the biggest main-belt asteroids. It is a member of the Cybele group. It is beyond the middle of the belt. Sylvia is famous for being the first asteroid known to have more than one moon.

## Discovery and naming 
Sylvia was found by N. R. Pogson on May 16, 1866 from Madras (Chennai), India. In the article announcing the discovery of this asteroid (*MNRAS*, 1866), Pogson said he selected the name in reference to Rhea Silvia, mother of Romulus and Remus.

## Physical characteristics 
Sylvia is very dark in color and probably has a primitive composition. The discovery of its moons made possible an accurate measurement of the asteroid's mass and density. Its density is very low (around 1.2 times the density of water), indicating that the asteroid has a lot of empty spaces; From 25% to as much as 60% of it may be empty space. The mineralogy of X-type asteroids is not well known. Sylvia is a fairly fast rotator, turning about its axis every 5.18 hours (giving an equatorial rotation speed of about 230&nbsp;km/h or 145&nbsp;mph).

## Moons 
Sylvia is orbited by two small moons. They have been named Romulus and Remus (the formal names are (87) Sylvia I Romulus and (87) Sylvia II Remus, respectively), after the children of the mythological Rhea Silvia.

It is thought likely that both Sylvia and its moons are rubble piles from a past asteroid collision Other, smaller moons formed in a similar way may also be found.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Pogson, N. R. (1866), *Minor Planet (87) Sylvia*, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 26, p.&nbsp;311 (June 1866)
* Data on (87) Sylvia from Johnston's archive (maintained by W. R. Johnston)
* *Rubble-Pile Minor Planet Sylvia and Her Twins * (ESO news release, August 2005) Includes images and artists impressions
* *Adaptive Optics System Reveals New Asteroidal Satellite* (SpaceDaily.com, March 2001) Includes a discovery image.
* Space.com: First asteroid trio discovered
* IAUC 7588, reporting discovery of S/2001 (87) 1
* IAUC 7590, confirming the discovery
* IAUC 8582, reporting discovery of S/2004 (87) 1 and naming Romulus and Remus
* An animation of (87) Sylvia and its moons (23 MB, DivX) 
* Shape model derived from lightcurve (on page 19)
Neem Karoli Baba

**Shri Neem Karoli Baba** or **Shri Neeb Karori Baba** (नीब
करोरी बाबा) (? - September 11, 1973, in Vrindavan, India), also known to followers as **Maharaj-ji**, was a Hindu guru and who loved the Hindu deity Hanuman. He is known in the West for having been the guru of a number of Americans who traveled to India in the 1960s and 1970s. These students were returned to the West and told other people about Neem Karoli Baba. The most well known of these students are the spiritual teachers Ram Dass and Bhagavan Das, and the musicians Krishna Das and Jai Uttal.

## Sadhu and guru
Not much is known about Neem Karoli Baba's birth and early years. According to one story, he was born Lakshmi Narayan Sharma (in Akbarpur, Faizabad currently Ambedkar Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. After an arranged marriage at the age of 11, he left his home and traveled a lot in northern India as a holy man (*sadhu*). During this time he was known by many names including Lakshman Das, Handi Wallah Baba, and Tikonia Walla Baba. When he did spiritual practice at Vavania near Navlakhi Port in Gujarat, he was known as Tallaiya Baba. In Vrindavan, the local people called him Chamatkari Baba which means "Miracle Baba". Many people thought him to be a saint.

Neem Karoli was a master of bhakti yoga, and said that service to others (seva) is the best way to show love for God. In a book of stories put together by Ram Dass called *Miracle of Love*, a student named Anjani shares the following story:

## Notable Disciples
Among the most well known of Maharaj-ji's disciples were Ram Dass, the author of *Be Here Now,* teacher and performer Bhagavan Das, and the musicians Jai Uttal and Krishna Das. Other notable devotees include humanitarian Larry Brilliant and his wife Girija, as well as Dada Mukerjee (former professor at Allahabad University, Uttar Pradesh, India).

After returning to the United States, Ram Dass and Larry Brilliant founded the Seva Foundation, a worldwide development organization which tries to end world poverty by following the teachings of Neem Karoli Baba. Seva is based in Berkeley, California, and Ram Dass served on the board until his death in 2019.

## References
## Further reading
*Das, Bhagavan (1997). ''It's Here Now (Are You?)* Broadway. 
*Dass, Ram (1971). *Be Here Now*. Three Rivers Press. 
*Dass, Ram (1979). *Miracle of Love: Stories about Neem Karoli Baba*. Hanuman Foundation. 
*Mukerjee, Dada (2001). *By His Grace: A Devotee's Story*. Hanuman Foundation. 
*Mukerjee, Dada (2001). *The Near and the Dear: Stories of Neem Karoli Baba and His Devotees*. Hanuman Foundation. 
*Pande, Ravi Prakash (2003). *Divine Reality: Shri Baba Neeb Karori Ji Maharaj''. Shri Kainchi Hanuman Mandir Ashram.
* Sculpture - The sculpture of Neem Karoli Baba shown above was created by Natalia Rosenfeld, whose work can be seen at www.nataliasculpture.com

## Other websites
*Website on Neem Karoli Baba 
*Indian Website on Neem Karoli Baba
*Janma Sthal of Maharaj-ji 
*Samadhi Sthal of Maharaj-ji 
*Temples and Ashrams related to Neem Karoli Baba 
*Neem Karoli Baba photos
*Seva Foundation
*Divine Reality by Ravi Prakash Pande, "Rajida"
Gentoo Linux

**Gentoo Linux** is a version of the Linux operating system. It was created by Daniel Robbins. It is named after the Gentoo penguin.

## Development
Gentoo Linux uses a package management system called **Portage**. Portage is like the BSD ports collection. Gentoo package management is designed to be modular, portable, easy to maintain, and optimized for the user's computer. Packages are normally built from source code, continuing the tradition of the ports collection, although  some large software packages can be used as precompiled binaries for various architectures because it is easier.

Gentoo was designed for the x86 architecture, but also works on the x86, x86-64, IA-64, PA-RISC; PowerPC, PowerPC 970, SPARC64, MIPS, DEC Alpha, System Z/s390, PS3 Cell Processor  and SuperH architectures. Official support for 32-bit Sparc hardware has been dropped.

## Package 
Gentoo's official software package repository includes, for example, UNetbootin.

## Related pages
*List of Linux distributions

## References
## Other websites 
* The official website of the Gentoo Project
* gentoo-wiki.com  - An unofficial yet heavily used wiki about Gentoo
*
1220

## Events 
* Middle Ages in Europe
* Fifth Crusade (1217-1221)
* Battle of Lihula in Estonia between Estonians and Swedes.
* Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate – Bukhara and Samarkand taken
* End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khan's Mongolian cavalry
* Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III
* Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Honorius III
* Conrad of Masovia drives out the heathen Prussians from a Masovian territory of Chelmno Land
* Trial by ordeal abolished in England
* The German Hohenstaufen dynasty which had ruled Sicily since 1194, adopts Palermo as its principal seat
* Dordrecht receives city rights, making it the oldest city in the present-day Netherlands
* Ljubljana receives its town rights
* The Islamic lands of Central Asia are overrun by the armies of the Mongol invader Genghis Khan (ca. 1155-1227), who laid waste to many civilizations and created an empire that stretched from China to the Caspian Sea. However, he failed to destroy the strength of Islam in Central Asia.

## Architecture 
* Gothic architecture in Europe
* Rebuilding of the Cathedral of Chartres, which had been destroyed by a fire in 1194, is completed
* Rebuilding of the York Minster begins
* Building of the Salisbury Cathedral begins

## Births 
* April 1 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (died 1272)
* November 11 – Alphonse of Toulouse, son of Louis VIII of France (died 1271)
* Thomas Ercildoun, Scottish minstrel (died 1297)
* Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir
* Przemysł I of Poland (died 1257)
* Yaroslav of Russia, Grand Duke of Vladimir
* Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (died 1271)

## Deaths 
* February 17 – Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine
* April 15 – Adolf of Altena, Archbishop of Cologne
* Michael Choniates, Byzantine writer and ecclesiastic
* Farid od-Din Mohammad ebn Ebrahim 'Attar, Persian mystical poet
* Saxo Grammaticus, Danish historian (born 1150)
* Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (born 1176)
* Mestwin I of Pomerania
* Queen Urraca of Portugal spouse of King Afonso II of Portugal (born 1186)

## Office holders 
* List of state leaders in 1220
* List of religious leaders in 1220
1151

## Events 
* September 7 — Geoffrey of Anjou dies, and is replaced by his son Henry who is 18 years old. 
* The first plague and fire insurance policy is issued in Iceland

## Births 
* April 3 — Igor Svyatoslavich, Russian prince (d. 1202)
* Unkei, Japanese sculptor (d. 1223)

## Deaths 
* January 13 — Abbot Suger, French statesman and historian (b. c. 1081)
* April 23 — Adeliza of Leuven, queen of Henry I of England (b. 1103)
* September 7 — Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (b. 1113)
1148

## Events 
* Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona fought and beat Tortosa for the Moors.
* King Afonso I of Portugal takes Abrantes from the Moors.
* Anna Comnena writes the Alexiad, which is a biography of her father, Emperor Alexius I.

## Births 
* John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem and Latin Emperor of Constantinople (d. 1237)
* Qiu Chuji, Chinese Taoist (d. 1227)
* Pope Honorius III (d. 1227)

## Deaths 
* April — Amadeus III of Savoy (b. 1095)
* Conan III, Duke of Brittany (b. 1070)
* Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (b. 1100)
* William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey
* Alphonse I of Toulouse (b. 1103)
1146

## Events 
* Saint Bernard of Clairvaux prays for the Second Crusade at Vezelay, Burgundy.
* First information about Bryansk found.

## Births 
* Giraldus Cambrensis, Welsh clergyman and chronicler (d. around 1223)
* William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1219)

## Deaths 
* August 1 — Vsevolod II of Kiev
* August 8 — Eric III of Denmark
* September 14 — Zengi, ruler of Syria (murdered) (b. 1087)
1145

## Events 
* February 15 — Pietro Bernardo Paganelli of Montemagno, Calci is elected as Pope Eugene III, and succeeds Pope Lucius II as the 167th pope.
* Pope Eugene III issues *Quantum praedecessores*, calling for the Second Crusade
* Construction begins on Notre-Dame d'Chartres in Chartres, France
* Kim Pusik and his team of historians finishes the making of the Korean historical text *Samguk Sagi*.
* Woburn Abbey founded.
* Arnold of Brescia joins the revolutionary Commune of Rome, where he becomes its leader for the next 10 years.

## Births 
* Maria of Antioch, Byzantine Empress (d. 1182)
* Marie de Champagne, Countess of Champagne (d. 1198)
* Theodora Comnena, Queen of Jerusalem 
* Pope Gregory IX (d. 1241) 
* Al-Adil I, Ayyubid-Egyptian general and ruler (d. 1218)
* Amalric II of Jerusalem (d. 1205)

## Deaths 
* February 15 — Pope Lucius II
* Zhang Zeduan, Chinese painter (b. 1085)
Federico Fellini

**Federico Fellini** (born 20 January 1920 in Rimini, died 31 October 1993 in Rome) was an Italian movie-maker and director. Fellini's movies combine memory, dream, and fantasy.

The first movie Fellini directed was *Lo Sceicco Bianco* (1951), with Alberto Sordi, written by Michelangelo Antonioni and Ennio Flaiano. In making this movie Fellini met Nino Rota, the musician that would follow him for the successful rest of his career.

Fellini was married to actress Giulietta Masina (1921-1994) from 1943 until his death. In 1945, he had a son who survived for only 2 weeks; it was the only child of Fellini and Giulietta Masina. Masina acted in many of his movies. Other actors Fellini often worked with include Marcello Mastroianni, Alberto Sordi, and Anita Ekberg.

Apart from making movies he also wrote scripts for radio shows, for movies (mainly for Roberto Rossellini) and wrote comic gags for well known actors like Aldo Fabrizi. Fellini also produced several drawings (mostly pencil on paper), often humoristic portraits. His first success was in drawing advertising pictures for movies.

During Fascism an *Avanguardista*, his first writings were for Alleanza Cinematografica Italiana (ACI), a production company of Vittorio Mussolini, son of Benito, who introduced him to Rossellini.

In 1944, when Fascism was over, he opened a shop in Rome in which he sold these drawings. The shop was named (in English) "The Funny Face Shop", and contained works from Fellini and De Seta, Verdini, Camerini, Scarpelli, Majorana, Guasta, Giobbe, Attalo, Migneco (all writers, directors or otherwise intellectuals working for Italian cinema). In the same year started his contribution to Rossellini's Roma Città Aperta, with Aldo Fabrizi. Fellini took also part in writing another of Rossellini's movies: *Paisà*. He wrote also for other directors as Alberto Lattuada, Pietro Germi and Luigi Comencini.

In 1987 he won the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award. In 1993, he received an Academy Award (Oscar) for his lifetime achievement.

## Movies 
* *Luci del varietà* (1950)
* *Lo Sceicco Bianco* (1951)
* *I Vitelloni* (1953)
* *La Strada* (1954) *Oscar* (best foreign movie)
* *Le Notti di Cabiria* (1957) Oscar (best foreign movie)
* *La Dolce Vita* (1960) Oscar (best costumes)
* *8 1/2* (1963) 2 Oscars (best foreign movie, best costumes)
* *Giulietta degli Spiriti* (1965)
* *Satyricon* (1969)
* *I Clowns* (1970)
* *Roma* (1972)
* *Amarcord* (1973) Oscar (best foreign movie)
* *Casanova* (1976)
* ''Prova d'Orchestra* (1979)
* *La Citta' delle Donne* (1980)
* *E la nave va* (1983)
* *Ginger and Fred* (1986)
* *Intervista'' (1987)

## Other websites
*
John Milton

**John Milton** (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, religious thinker, and civil servant for the English Commonwealth Government. He is one of the most important figures in Western literature. He is most famous for his Christian epic poem *Paradise Lost*. His writing influenced both later poets and religious thinkers.

## Life 
John Milton was born on 9 December 1608, the son of John Milton (senior) and Sarah Jerry. His family lived in Bread Street, London. His father was a musician and composer. His main work was as a scrivener, a secretary who reads and writes letters for people who cannot read and write for themselves. Milton's father was well paid at this work, and was able to hire a private tutor to teach his clever eldest son. Milton's brother Christopher said he studied very long into each night. Milton then went to St. Paul's School where he studied Latin, Greek, and Hebrew.

Milton then studied at Christ's College, Cambridge and graduated with a B.A. in 1629. On 3 July 1632, he received his Master of Arts degree. He returned home where he continued to study and write poetry for six years. He wrote a large number of poems. In 1638 he made a tour of the Continent, spending a lot of time in France and Italy, where he learned about other authors such as Dante, Tasso, and Ariosto. When he was 34, he married Mary Powell, who was 17. He defended freedom of speech and freedom of press.

## Publications 
In 1645, during the English Civil War, he published *Poems of Mr. John Milton*, in which there were his famous poems "L'Allegro" and "Il'Penseroso", which was mostly . In 1649, during the trial of Charles I, Milton wrote *Of the Tenure of Kings and Magistrates*, arguing that kings can rule only when the people allow them to. He then became  to the Council of State and wrote in Latin *Eikonoklastes* in 1649. That was the last big writing project he did before he began to become blind. In 1652, he became completely blind and was very unhappy. However, in 1667, he published the famous *Paradise Lost*, one of the greatest English-language epics. Four years later, he wrote *Paradise Regained*, a story about how men became sinful and how Jesus Christ won the battle with the devil. The last work that was published while he was alive was *Samson Agonistes*. He died, probably because of gout, on 8 November 1674.

## Other websites 
* 
* Milton Reading Room  – online, almost fully annotated, collection of all of Milton's poetry and selections of his prose
* Milton 400th Anniversary  – lots of Milton material and details of the Milton 400th Anniversary Celebrations, from Christ's College, Cambridge, where Milton studied
* "Milton and *De Doctrina Christiana*"  by Gordon Campbell et al., 1996
* "The masque in Milton's *Arcades* and *Comus*" by Gilbert McInnis
* History of the John Milton Society for the Blind in Canada 
* *How Milton Works* by Stanley Fish 
* Milton's cottage
* Paradise Lost by John Milton, Introduction and Notes by David Hawkes
* A common-place book of John Milton, and a Latin essay and Latin verses presumed to be by Milton Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection.
K-Meleon

**K-Meleon** is a free and open-source, lightweight web browser for Microsoft Windows. Unlike cross-platform browsers, it uses the Windows API to create its user interface. Early versions of K-Meleon render web pages with Gecko, Mozilla's browser layout engine. The Firefox web browser and the Mozilla Thunderbird email client also use Gecko. K-Meleon became a popular browser for Windows. It was available as an optional default browser in Europe. After Mozilla deprecated embedding Gecko, K-Meleon continued to use it for several years. K-Meleon 76 uses the Goanna layout engine. Goanna is a fork of Gecko created for the Pale Moon browser.

K-Meleon began as a competitor to Mozilla's original internet suite. It had the goal of being faster and lighter. Until 2011, K-Meleon embedded Gecko in a stripped-down interface. Throughout its lifespan, K-Meleon has required small amounts of memory. K-Meleon 76 uses the Goanna fork. It supports platforms no longer supported by Mozilla after their Gecko rewrite. K-Meleon supports older computers and older computer software. It maintains active support for Windows XP and Windows Vista.

Customization is another primary design goal of K-Meleon. Users can change the toolbars, menus, and keyboard shortcuts from text-based configuration files. Besides conventional extensions, K-Meleon also supports macros. Macros are small, human-readable extensions. Users can examine, write, or edit them in a text editor. K-Meleon's custom configuration files can trigger macros. Because it is adaptable, experts recommended K-Meleon for internet cafes and libraries in the early 2000s.

## Screenshots 
## References 
* 
* 
*  (Version 1.0&ndash;75.1)
* 
* 
*  (Version 0.7)
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites
* K-Meleon Homepage.
* Roytam's repositories on GitHub
Cabinet of Germany

The **Bundesregierung**, sometimes called the Bundeskabinett or **Federal Cabinet**, is the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and it consists of the Chancellor and the Federal Ministers.

The job of the cabinet is listed in the articles 62 to 69 of the constitution. This also has the oath of office that the minister must take.

The Chancellor is responsible for the administrative work of the Federal Government, but the work is delegated to the Head of the Federal Chancellery.

The Chancellor sets the general policy of the Federal Government, and what each ministry should do. The Federal Ministers are responsible for what happens in their own departments, and for making sure that the ministry keeps to the general ideas of the Chancellor. This is known as the departmental principle ().

If two Federal Ministers disagree about what should be done or about who is to do it or how it is to be done, the Federal Government decides with a majority decision. The is called the cooperative principle ().

The *Federal Minister Law* () says that a retired member of the Federal Government can have a retirement pension, if they have been a minister for at least two years. Time as a junior minister (US "Undersecretary"), who in Germany are called parliamentary permanent secretaries, is counted, and so is previous membership in a Land (state) government.

Parliamentary permanent secretaries and state ministers are not members of the Federal Government, but do help them in their job.

As a rule, the Federal Cabinet meets in the Federal Chancellery every Wednesday at 9:30 a.m.

## Third Merkel Cabinet 
Only members of CDU-CSU and SPD are in the Third Merkel Cabinet (2013-2018). 

## Lawyers in the Federal Government 
This table lists the number and percentage of members of the federal government who were lawyers. In Germany the time between elections is called a "legislative period". In the United Kingdom this would be called a Parliament or in the United States a Congress.
CNT

**CNT** may be:

* Croatian National Theatre (Hrvatsko narodno kazalište)
* Central Nacional de Trabajadores, the National Workers' Central (Paraguay)
*Central Nacional de Televisão - television network established in Curitiba, Brazil, named today TVJB
* Confederación Nacional del Trabajo - National Confederation of Labor in Spain
* Confédération nationale du travail (CNT-F)
* Confédération Nigérienne du Travail, the Nigerien Confederation of Labour
* Carbon nanotube
* Computer Network Technology Corporation, an enterprise acquired by McData in January 2005
* The Columbia Non-neutral Torus experiment at Columbia University.
* The Center for Neighborhood Technology
Manuel José Quintana

**Manuel José Quintana y Lorenzo** (April 11, 1772 - March 11, 1857), was a Spanish poet. He was born at Madrid, Spain.

## Writings 
In 1801 Quintana wrote a tragedy, *El Duque de Viseo*, written about a patriotic theme. which was successful.

## Life 
The first book of his *Vidas de Españoles célebres*, about the lives of Spanish heroes, helped to promote Quintana the post of secretary to the Cortes during the French invasion. But on the return of Ferdinand VII he was put in prison at Pamplona from 1814 to 1820. He was finally given a small post in the civil service, became tutor to Queen Isabella II, and was nominated senator.

## Death 
Quintana died at the age of 84. Philanthropy and patriotism helped him write. The thought he put into his poems is not deep, but his faith to Spain attracted people to read them.

### References
* Albert Dérozier: "Les étapes de la vie officielle de Manuel Josef Quintana". Bulletin Hispanique 66 (1964): 363-383
* Albert Dérozier: Manuel Josef Quintana et la naissance du libéralisme en Espagne. 2 vols. Paris: Les belles Lettres, 1968-70. Annales littéraires de l'Université de Besançon, 95, 105.
* Albert Dérozier: Manuel José Quintana y el nacimiento del liberalismo en España / Albert Dérozier. Trad.: Manuel Moya. Madrid: Turner, 1978.
* Diego Martínez Torrón: Manuel José Quintana y el espíritu de la España liberal (con textos desconocidos). Sevilla: Ed. Alfar, 1995. .
* E. Mérimée: "Les poésies liriques de Quintana." Bulletin Hispanique 4 (1902): 119-153.
* José A. Valero: "Manuel José Quintana y el sublime moral." Hispanic Review 71 (2003): 585-611
Wedge (mechanics)

A **wedge** is a simple machine used mainly to put in between two stones. A wedge as a tool is used to push two things apart such as the blade of a sword and knife  does when it cuts wood. A wedge can also be used to lift an object or hold an object in place. The mechanical advantage of a wedge depends on the ratio of its length to its thickest part.

## History 
The origin of the wedge is unknown, because it has been in use as early as the Stone Age. Circa 3000 BC, in Ancient Egypt quarries, bronze wedges were used to break away blocks of rock used for construction. Wood wedges, that swelled after being wet, were also used. Some Native American tribes used antler wedges as a means of splitting and working wood to make canoes, houses, and other wood objects.
 
## Examples for separating and lifting 
Examples include axes, splitting mauls, and splitting wedges. Wedges can also be used to lift heavy objects, or finely adjust the height of objects, essentially separating them from the surface they rest on. These may also be referred to as shims. Knives, scissors, chisels, and even teeth can sometimes be used as wedges, however, they are more fundamentally cutting implements.

## Examples for holding fast 
Wedges can also be used to hold objects in place, such as engine parts (poppet valves), bicycle parts (stems and eccentric bottom brackets), and doors.

A door stop (door wedge) is a wedge, and its main function is to generate friction between the bottom of the door and the ground.

A fork or nails can also be considered a type of wedge. While a nail will slice into wood when hammered, a bolt will not be pushed in. This is because a nail is a wedge and a bolt is not. A nail is tapered to a point at its end, then gets thicker farther up towards the head of the nail.

## Mechanical advantage 
The mechanical advantage of a wedge is the length of the sloping side of the wedge and divide it by the length of the thick end of the wedge.  Therefore the formula for a wedge is:

MA={S \over T} 

The more acute the angle of the wedge, the more mechanical advantage it will have.

Despite this, one reason that many splitting wedges have a wide angle is that an elastic material, such as wood, will bind a narrow wedge more readily than a wide wedge. This is why splitting mauls have a much larger angle than an axe.

## Related pages 
* Axe
* Inclined plane
* Screw
* Shim
* Splitting maul
* Simple machines

## References 
## Other websites 
* Wedges
W. B. Yeats

**William Butler Yeats** (13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet, dramatist and mystic. He was born in Dublin, Ireland on 13 June 1865. He spent most of his time in Sligo and some time in London.

Yeats' early poetry drew heavily on myth and legend. His later work had more to do with contemporary issues. One of his famous poems is called "Leda and the Swan".

With Lady Gregory and others, he was one of the people who founded the Irish Literary Theatre and the Abbey Theatre.

He was also interested in Hermeticism and Theosophy. He was a member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.

Yeats won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1923. He died in Menton, France on 28 January 1939.
## References
Brave New World

***Brave New World*** is a dystopia novel by Aldous Huxley. It was first published in 1932. The novel is set in London of "AF 632", which is about 2540 AD, and speaks of developments in reproductive technology, operant conditioning, and sleep-learning that change society.

The general idea is a World Government manipulates people so as to make them easier to govern. They are split into five castes, hatched by the state to fill preset positions in society. The lower castes, which are clones, are treated with chemicals to arrest their mental and physical development. Children are treated by a process which gives them only information appropriate to their caste. They are moulded for their positions in life. Psychological needs are met by compulsory dosing of the drug *soma*, a hallucinogen which takes the user on an enjoyable trip. In the novel various characters experience life in this planned society and struggle with the problems it causes them.

## Related pages
**Le Monde*'s 100 Books of the Century

## References
*
*
*
*
*http://www.huxley.net/(http://www.huxley.net/)

## Other websites
*1957 video interview with Huxley as he reflects on his life work and especially *Brave New World*
*Scholarly essay/article on *Brave New World* 
*Aldous Huxley: Bioethics and Reproductive Issues
*A Defense of Paradise-Engineering. A critical review of Huxley's novel by David Pearce.
1144

## Events 
* Louis VII surrenders to Pope Celestine II and so received a blessing from the pope
* March 12 — Pope Lucius II becomes Pope over Pope Celestine II as the 166th pope.
* December 24 — County of Edessa is beaten by Zengi (see Siege of Edessa).
* Montauban, France, is started.
* Normandy comes under Angevin control through Geoffrey of Anjou.
* Giordano Pierleoni starts the revolutionary Commune of Rome.
* Manuel I Comnenus brings Raymond, Prince of Antioch, under Byzantine influence.
* The Priory in Lesmahagow is started by Benedictine monks.

## Births 
* Bohemund III of Antioch (d. 1201)

## Deaths 
* March 8 — Pope Celestine II
* September — Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex
1237

## Events 
* Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders.
* Elbląg, Poland is founded.
* Representatives of all 4 khanates lead 150,000 Mongol, Turkish and Persian troops into Europe.
* The Mongols invade Russia.
* Gualdo Tadino, Italy, is destroyed by fire.
* The County of Artois is founded in France.
* Baldwin II becomes Latin Emperor of Constantinople.
* Conrad IV of Germany becomes King of Germany.
* The Livonian Brothers of the Sword unite with the Teutonic Knights.
* Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Lombard League at Battle of Cortenuova
* A major fire destroys some 30,000 dwellings in the Chinese capital city of Hangzhou.

## Births 
* Bohemond VI of Antioch, ruler of the principality of Antioch

## Deaths 
* April 15 – Richard Poore, English ecclesiastic
* June 6 – John de Scotia, 9th Earl of Huntingdon
* John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem and Latin Emperor of Constantinople (born c. 1148)
* Jordanus Nemorarius, German scientist
* Pons de Capduelh, French troubadour
* September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (born c.1178)

## Monarchs/Presidents 
* Aragon – James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276)
* Castile – Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and León (reigned from 1217 to 1252)
* Joan, wife of Llwelyn the Great
Sweet William

**Sweet William** a Eurasian pink widely grown for its clusters of small bright-coloured flowers. Biennial to perennial plant belonging to the pink family, native to southern Europe. It is grown for its fragrant red, white, and pink flowers.
Georg Friedrich Händel composed “See the Conquering Hero Comes” in honour of the victorious Duke of Cumberland. The flower sweet William was named after the latter in England.

## Web sites
* http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dianthus
*sweet William, or bunch pink, or Dianthus barbatus, or sour Billy, or stinking Willie (plant)
*Flora of China
*Flora of the British Isles
Pago Pago

**Pago Pago** is a village in American Samoa. It is the capital of the country but not the seat of government. In 2000, 11,500 people lived there.

## References
Fagatogo

**Fagatogo** is the seat of government in American Samoa, but not its capital city, which is Pago Pago.

The population of Fagatogo was 1,445 at the 2020 census.

## References
Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands

**Charlotte Amalie** is the capital and largest city of the United States Virgin Islands. It has about 15,000 people. The city is on the island of Saint Thomas. Charlotte Amalie is also the home to the Legislature of the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Planform

In design **planform** or plan view is a vertical orthographic projection of an object on a horizontal plane, like a map.

In aviation, a **planform** is the shape and layout of an airplane's wing. Of all the myriad planforms used, they can typically be grouped into those used for low-speed flight, found on general aviation aircraft, and those used for 
high-speed flight, found on many military aircraft and airliners.

## Gallery 

Image:spitfire.planform.arp.jpg|Spitfire shows off its elliptical **planform**
image:wing.two.arp.600pix.jpg|Aircraft wing **planform** shapes: a swept wing KC-10 Extender (top) refuels a F-22 Raptor
Image:Eclipse_program_QF-106_aircraft_in_flight,_view_from_tanker.jpg|The delta-winged Convair F-106 Delta Dart
Image:bmi.a319-100.g-dbck.arp.jpg|The swept wing planform of a BMI British Midland Airbus A319-100, seen at take off

## Related pages
*Wing
Olinda Castielle

**Olinda Castielle** born *Olinda Borggren* is a Swedish TV personality who was a contestant on the American reality show Joe Millionaire and the first season of the Swedish version of Paradise Hotel.

## TV shows 
*Paradise Hotel (Swedish Edition)
*Paradise Hotel Extra (season 1 as a guest)
*Paradise Hotel Extra (season 2 as a host)
*Joe Millionaire
*The OP Tour
*Little Italy

## Other websites 
*Olinda and Patrick official web site, Oplounge.
*Paradise Hotel  - tv4.se
*About Olinda on Joe Millionaire  - tvrules.net
*Little Italy  - tv4.se
Plan view

A **plan view** is an orthographic projection of a 3-dimensional object from the position of a horizontal plane through the object. In other words, a plan is a section viewed from the top. In such views, the portion of the object above the plane is omitted to reveal what lies beyond. In the case of a floor plan, the roof and upper part of the walls may be left out. Basically, a plan view is just another name for the top view of a 3D object. case 143

## Related pages 
* Plan (drawing) 
* Planform
Plan (drawing)

**Plans** are a set of two-dimensional diagrams or drawings used to describe a place or object, or to communicate building or fabrication instructions. Usually plans are drawn or printed on paper, but they can take the form of a digital file.

## Views and Projections
Because plans represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional plane, the use of **views** or **Graphical projections** is crucial the reading of plans.

There are several projection types:
* Orthographic projection, including:
** Plan view or floor plan view
** Elevation, usually a 'head-on' view of an exterior
** Section, a cutaway view of the interior
** Axonometric projection, including:
*** Isometric projection
*** Dimetric projection
*** Trimetric projection
* Oblique projection, and
* Perspective projection

## Related pages
* Floor plan
Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn

The **Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn** (or **Golden Dawn** for short) was a magical order of secret society for the study of the occult and metaphysics. It was founded in London in 1888 by Dr. William Wynn Westcott and Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers. It ceased to exist under that name in 1903. However, two spin-off groups were created at that time, the Stella Matutina and the Alpha et Omega.

While it was popular, many well-known people joined the Golden Dawn. Some of its members included:
* Algernon Blackwood
* Aleister Crowley
* Florence Farr
* Dion Fortune
* Arthur Machen
* Pamela Colman Smith
* Arthur Edward Waite
* William Butler Yeats

## Related pages
* Hermeticism

## Other websites 
* Golden Dawn FAQ 
* The Golden Dawn Library Project
* Golden Dawn Tradition, by co-founder Dr. W. Wynn Westcott 
* Lots of GD material on display in Yeats exhibition including Ritual Notebooks. 
*
Dededo, Guam

**Dededo** is the largest city in Guam.  Dededo has a population of about 45,000 people.  Dededo has an area of about 30 square miles.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official Site of Dededo
Besenbüren

**Besenbüren** is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## References
Albertville, Alabama

**Albertville** is the largest city in Marshall County, Alabama. Albertville had a population of 22,386 people in 2020. It has an area of about 27 miles, and a height of 1,024 feet. Other cities in Marshall County include Arab.

## References
Fortran

**Fortran** is a programming language first created in the 1950s. It is still in use today. It is a procedural language mainly used for scientific computing and numerical analysis.
## History
The first FORTRAN compiler was created in 1954-57 by a team at IBM led by John W. Backus. This compiler was the first compiler for any High level language. The authors were worried that no one would use the language if programs written in it did not run nearly as fast as programs written in assembly language. So they made it an optimizing compiler.

Because of the heavy use by scientists doing numerical work the language grew in ways that encouraged compiler writers to produce compilers that generated high quality (fast) code. There are many high performance compiler vendors. Much work and research in compiler theory and design was caused by the need to generate good code for Fortran programs.

Several revisions of the language have appeared, including the very well known FORTRAN IV (the same as FORTRAN 66), FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90. The most recent formal standard for the language was published in 1997 and is known as Fortran 95.

Initially, the language relied on precise formatting of the source code and heavy use of statement numbers and 'go to' statements, written as goto in Fortran.

Every version introduced 'modern' programming concepts, such as source code comments and output of text, IF-THEN-ELSE (in FORTRAN 77), recursion (in Fortran 90) and parallel constructs, while trying to maintain Fortran's 'lean' profile and high performance.

## Meaning and spelling of the name 
The name "Fortran" is short for "Formula Translation". The language was formerly known as FORTRAN (and older variants of it still are). Since Fortran 90, the capitalization has been abandoned. The published formal standards use "Fortran".

## Standards 
The two standards below are for current Fortran implementations. 
* ANSI X3.198-1992 (R1997). Title: *Programming Language "Fortran" Extended*. Informally known as Fortran 90. This standard was published by ANSI and never became an International Standard (ISO).
* ISO/IEC 1539-1:1997. Title: *Information technology - Programming languages - Fortran - Part 1: Base language*. Informally known as Fortran 95. There are a further 2 parts to this standard. Part 1 has been formally adopted by ANSI.

## Other websites and references
* Brian Meek: *The Fortran (not the foresight) saga: the light and the dark*, Fortran Forum, Vol 9 No 2, October 1990, pp 23-32. Online at http://www.fortranplus.co.uk/resources/brian_meeks_fortran_saga.pdf . A good overview over the long and intricate Fortran history.
* Lucy Joan Slater, More Fortran programs for economists, Cambridge University Press, 1972.
Biberstein

**Biberstein** is a municipality of the district Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
Arab, Alabama

**Arab** is a city in Marshall County, Alabama. Arab had a population of 8,461 people in 2020. It has an area of about  and a height of  above sea level. Other cities in Marshall County include Albertville.

## References
90 Antiope

**90 Antiope** is an asteroid found on October 1, 1866 by Robert Luther. The 90th asteroid to be found, it is named after Antiope from Greek mythology, though it is disputed as to whether the  is Antiope the Amazon or Antiope the mother of Amphion and Zethus.

Antiope orbits in the farther third of the core region of the main belt, and is a member of the Themis family of asteroids. Like most bodies in this region, it is of the dark C spectral type, indicating that it is made of carbonaceous chondrite.

There have been 9 occultations observed since 1988, many of which are multichord occultations.

## Double asteroid 
The most remarkable feature of Antiope is that it has two asteroids of almost equal size (the difference in mass is less than 2.5%), making it a truly "double" asteroid. Its binary nature was found on 10 August, 2000 by a group of astronomers using adaptive optics at the Keck Telescope on Mauna Kea. The "secondary" is designated **S/2000 (90) 1**.

Each asteroid is about 86±1&nbsp;km across, with their centers separated by only about 170 kilometers. This means that the space separating the two halves is only 60&nbsp;km, or so. The two bodies orbit around the same center of mass which lies in the space between them. The orbital period is about 16.50 hours, the eccentricity below 0.03 (best estimate 0.01 ± 0.02). with 2 degrees uncertainty. This is tilted about 63° to the circumsolar orbit of the system.

## Other websites 
* *Discovery of Companions to Asteroids 762 Pulcova and 90 Antiope*  SWrI Press Release.
* Data on (90) Antiope from Johnston's archive (maintained by W. R. Johnston)
* online data on the Antiope system maintained by F. Marchis; includes images and simulated occultation movies.
* ESO Press-Release published on May 29, 2007  The Impossible Siblings
* UC-Berkeley Press-Release published on May 29, 2007 Binary asteroid revealed as twin rubble piles
* Antiope, a true binary asteroid , The Planetary Society weblog, E. Lakdawalla, 11 Apr, 2007.

## References
Birmenstorf

**Birmenstorf** is the name of a municipality in Switzerland and in the canton Aargau:
* Birmenstorf, Aargau
It should not be confused with the Birmens**d**orf in canton Zürich:
* Birmensdorf, Zürich
Birrhard

**Birrhard** is a municipality in Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website of Birrhard
Lake Zürich

**Lake Zürich** is a lake in Switzerland, that goes southeast of the city Zürich.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Zürichsee Schifffahrtsgesellschaft  -- Boat schedules, mainly non-English.
* Zürichsee-Fähre Horgen-Meilen -- Ferry schedules, in German.
* Waterlevels Lake Zürich  at Zürich