open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Wilson Pickett

**Wilson Pickett** (March 18, 1941 – January 19, 2006) was an American R&B/soul singer-songwriter and record producer.

Picket was a major figure in the development of American soul music.  Among his best known hits are "In the Midnight Hour", "Land of a Thousand Dances", "Mustang Sally", "Hey Jude" and "Funky Broadway". Pickett often crossed over to the US *Billboard* Hot 100.

In 2023, Pickett appears at number 76 on the *Rolling Stone* magazine's "200 best singers of all time" list. 

## Discography 
### Albums 
* *In the Midnight Hour* (1965)
* *The Exciting Wilson Pickett* (1966)
* *The Best of Wilson Pickett* (1967)
* *The Wicked Pickett* (1967)
* *The Sound of Wilson Pickett* (1967)
* ''I'm In Love* (1967)
* *The Midnight Mover* (1968)
* *Hey Jude* (1968)
* *Wilson Pickett in Philadelphia* (1970)
* *Right On* (1970)
* *The Best of Wilson Pickett, Vol. II* (1971)
* *Don't Knock My Love* (1972)
* *Mr. Magic Man* (1973)
* *Wilson Pickett's Greatest Hits* (1973)
* *Pickett in the Pocket* (1974)
* *I Want You* (1980)
* *American Soul Man* (1987)
* *A Man and a Half: The Best of Wilson Pickett'' (1992)

### Singles 
* "If You Need Me" (1962)
* "It's Too Late" (1963)
* "I'm Done to My Last Heartbreak" (1963)
* "My Heart Belongs to You" (1963)
* "I'm Gonna Cry" (1964)
* "Come Home Baby" (1964)
* "In the Midnight Hour" (1965)
* "Don't Fight It" (1965)
* "634-5789" (1966)
* "Ninety Nine and a Half" (1966)
* "Land of 1000 Dances" (1966)
* "Mustang Sally" (1966)
* "Everybody Needs Somebody to Love" (1967)
* "I Found a Love Pt. 1" (1967)
* "You Can't Stand Alone" (1967)
* "Funky Broadway" (1967)
* "I'm in Love" (1967)
* "Soul Dance Number Three" (1967)
* "I'm a Midnight Mover" (1968)
* "I've Come a Long Way" (1968)
* "She's Looking Good" (1968)
* "I Found a True Love" (1968)
* "Jealous Love" (1968)
* "A Man and a Half" (1968)
* "Hey Jude" (1968)
* "Mini-skirt Minnie" (1969)
* "Born to Be Wild" (1969)
* "Hey Joe" (1969)
* "You Keep Me Hangin' On" (1969)
* "Engine Number 9" (1970)
* "Sugar, Sugar" (1970)
* "She Said Yes" (1970)
* "Cole, Cooke, and Redding" (1970)
* "Don't Knock My Love - Pt. 1" (1971)
* "Don't Let the Green Grass Fool You" (1971)
* "Call My Name, I'll Be There" (1971)
* "Fire and Water" (1972)
* "Funk Factory" (1972)
* "Mr. Magic Man" (1973)
* "Take a Closer Look at the Woman You're With" (1973)
* "International Playboy" (1973)
* "Soft Soul Boogie Woogie" (1974)
* "Take Your Pleasure Where You Find It" (1974)
* "I Want You" (1979)
* "Live With Me" (1980)
* "Don't Turn Away" (1987)

## References
Davenport Municipal Airport

**Davenport Municipal Airport**  is an airport in Davenport, Iowa. It was founded in 1948. The Quad City Air Show has been held at this airport since 1987. The air show is held the last weekend of June every year.

The airport is run by Carver Aero Inc. The airport has two runways and a hangar.  Most of the airplanes coming in and out of Davenport Municipal are local.  However, some private jets also use the airport for longer trips.  The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration uses the National Weather Service office in Davenport Municipal Airport. The U.S. Army Iowa National Guard 1/109th Aviation Battalion has four CH-47 Chinook helicopters there.
Clickjacking

**Clickjacking** is a malicious technique of tricking web users into revealing private information or taking control of their computer while clicking on what look like harmless web pages.

## History 
The term "clickjacking" was coined by Jeremiah Grossman and Robert Hansen, that is a combination of the words "click" and "hijacking."

## References
PubMed

]]
**PubMed** is a free online database of references on life sciences. It was established in January 1996. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) maintains the database. PMIDs do not change over time and they are never reused. Any PMID is only a number. The PMID tells the reader nothing about the type or quality of the content of any publication.
[[File:PubMed Home Page 2025-11-29.png|thumb|A screenshot of the homepage of PubMed's website, as of Nov 29, 2025]]

## References
## Other websites
* 
* PubMed Online Tutorials
* PubMed Help
* Other PubMed Search Engines Resource Guide
Neuroethology

'' in bats is one model system in neuroethology]]
**Neuroethology** is the study of animal behavior and its control by the nervous system.  Neuroethology explores how the brain links stimuli (e.g. sights, sounds, or smells) to behavior.  For example, many bats and Odontoceti have a special ability called echolocation.  They use echolocation to find prey and to navigate.  Researchers study their auditory system to show how sounds can be changed into a neural representation of sound.  Neuroethologists are scientists who study neuroethology.  They try to discover how the nervous system works.  They often use animals with special behaviors in their research.
 
The word neuroethology combines ideas from two fields:   neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in nature).  Neuroethology focusses on natural behavior.  Natural behaviors of animals were created by natural selection (e.g., finding mates, moving, avoiding enemies).  Neuroethology avoids artificial behaviors like those in lab experiments.

## Notes
Diane and Guilford Glazer Institute of Jewish Studies

The **Institute of Jewish Studies** in Nanjing, China has a connection with the Department of Religious Studies at Nanjing University. 

It was created in January, 1992, after friendship between Israel and the People's Republic of China started over again. It gives classes in Jewish lessons where there are over 200 students each year, and has published a Chinese kind of the *Encyclopaedia Judaica*, and other books or other things released. It has now created both masters and Ph.D. programs in Jewish leasons, the only Chinese school that has ever done that. It had an worldwide seminar on The Holocaust and the killing of people due to their skin color or religion in World War II on August 7–12, 2005, in Nanjing.

It was renamed the **Diane and Guilford Glazer Institute of Jewish Studies**  after a quarters for it from the Diane and Guilford Glazer Foundation was built in a new building at the school in 2006. It is planned that it will become part of a larger Nanjing University-Johns Hopkins University Institute for International Research. 

The director of the school is professor Xu Xin.

## Related pages
*Institute of Jewish Studies at University College London

## References
## Other websites 
*Chinese Judaic Studies Association
Neolithic British Isles

]]
 in the Orkneys, northeast of Scotland.]]
 in Wiltshire, southern England, is one example of the large ceremonial monuments constructed across the British Isles in this period.]]

The **Neolithic British Isles** is about the remains of tribes living in the islands from about 4000 BC to 2,500 BC. These people left stone monuments and other remains in Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and many other islands.p37 The Neolithic was the last part of the Stone Age in the British Isles.

## World Heritage sites 
The most outstanding Neolithic archaeological sites are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

*Heart of Neolithic Orkney
**Skara Brae
**Ring of Brodgar
**Maeshowe
*Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites
**Avebury
**Stonehenge
**Woodhenge
**Durrington Walls

## Neolithic in British Isles 
Before the Neolithic period was the Mesolithic period, and after the Neolithic was the Bronze Age. During the Mesolithic, the inhabitants of the British Isles were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Around 4000 BC new ideas arrived in the islands from continental Europe. These ideas were taken up by the natives, and led to huge changes in both the society and the landscape. This has been called the Neolithic Revolution.

The Neolithic is marked by agriculture and living in settlements, with the hunter-gatherer lifestyle declining. To make room for the new farmland, these early agricultural communities cut down trees (deforestation) across the islands. This very greatly changed the landscape. At the same time, many new types of stone tools  began to be produced. They needed new skills, such as .

The Neolithic tribes built many monuments in the landscape, many of which were megalithic in nature. The earliest of these are the chambered tombs, although later came the building of stone circles, a trend that would continue into the following Bronze Age. These constructions were probably places for ceremonies and religious rites. New ideas about religion, ritual and social hierarchy came with the new lifestyle.

Neolithic people on these islands were not literate, so left no written record. Everything we know about this time comes from archaeological investigations. This investigation began with the antiquarians of the 18th century, and intensified in the 19th when John Lubbock coined the term "Neolithic". The work expanded during the 20th and 21st centuries.

## Historical overview 
### Late Mesolithic 
During the Mesolithic, Britain was still attached by the landmass of Doggerland to the rest of continental Europe. 
Archaeologist and prehistorian Caroline Malone noted that during the Late Mesolithic, the British Isles were something of a "technological backwater" in European terms, still living as a hunter-gatherer society whilst most of southern Europe had already taken up agriculture and sedentary living.p57

### Early Bronze Age 
The period that followed the Neolithic is known by archaeologists as the Bronze Age, because bronze was used for making certain tools.

## References
Jimmy Kimmel

**James Christian** "**Jimmy**" **Kimmel** (born November 13, 1967) is an American comedian, voice actor, actor, writer, producer, musician, television host, and radio personality. He is the host and creator of *Jimmy Kimmel Live!*, a late-night talk show that airs on ABC.

## Early life
He is of German and Italian ancestry.

## References
Planes, Trains and Automobiles

***Planes, Trains and Automobiles*** is a 1987 American comedy movie released by Paramount Pictures. It was written, produced and directed by John Hughes. It stars Steve Martin and John Candy.

The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 94% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. *Siskel & Ebert* gave the movie two thumbs up and Siskel declared that was it John Candy’s best role to date. The movie is featured in Roger Ebert's Great Movies collection.

## Cast
* Steve Martin as Neal Page
* John Candy as Del Griffith
* Laila Robins as Susan Page
* Michael McKean as State trooper
* Kevin Bacon as Taxi racer
* Dylan Baker as Owen
* Olivia Burnette as Marti Page
* Larry Hankin as Doobie
* Richard Herd as Walt
* Diana Dill as Peg
* Matthew Lawrence as Neal Page, Jr.
* Edie McClurg as St. Louis car rental agent
* Bill Erwin as Man on plane
* Ben Stein as Wichita airport representative
* Lyman Ward (*uncredited*) as John
* William Windom (*uncredited*) as Bryant

## References
## Other websites
*
Celtic polytheism

was found near Lyon, in 1897. It is a lunisolar calendar]]
.]]

**Celtic polytheism** is the name for a set of beliefs or  religion. Another term frequently used for Celtic polytheism is **Celtic paganism**. It was originally held by the European people called Celts today. There was a movement to convert these people to Christianity; this process was finished by about 500 AD. 

The first findings relating to this set of beliefs can be dated to about 500 BC. The system of beliefs lasted roughly one millennium, in the La Tène period, and the Roman era. 

In the case of the Celts on the British Isles, this also included parts of the Iron Age. Celtic polytheism was one of the Iron Age polytheistic religions of the Indo-European family.

There are many different names for the gods of the Celtic pantheon. These names have either been recorded by Ancient Greek or Ancient Roman geographers, or they have been found in inscriptions on graves. Among the most prominent of these gods are Teutatis, Taranis and Lugus. People involved in comparative mythology have also added figures from medieval Irish mythology to this list. They say that these figures are deities or heroes from earlier times that have been interpreted in a different way. This process is known as *Euhemerisation*, after Euhemeros, a philosopher from Ancient Greece who described this process. 

According to Roman historians, the Celts practiced human sacrifice as part of their religion. There also seems to have been a caste of "magico-religious specialists", which were called druids in Gaul, Britain and Ireland. Little is known about them today.

The Roman Empire conquered Gaul between 58 and 51 BC, and southern Britannia in the year 43 AD. After this, the Celtic religious practices changed, and elements of Romanisation started to show. This resulted in a Gallo-Roman culture, which had its own Gallo-Roman religious traditions. The number of deities increased, and deities such as Cernunnos were added. 

In the 5th and 6th centuries, there was another change, as Christianity became the dominant faith in the Celtic area. It replaced the earlier religions, but influenced later mythology. In the 20th century, a new religious movement called Celtic Neopaganism appeared. 

## References
Robert Fortune

**Robert Fortune** (16 September 1812 – 13 April 1880) was a Scottish plant expert, plant hunter and traveller best known for introducing tea plants from China to India.

## Travels and introduction of plants to Europe
Fortune was born in Kelloe, Berwickshire. He was employed in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, and later in the garden of Horticultural Society of London at Chiswick. In 1842 was sent out by the Society to collect plants in China.

He brought back to Europe many new, exotic and beautiful flowers. His most famous achievement was the successful introduction of tea from China to India in 1848 on behalf of the British East India Company.

Like some European travellers of that period, such as Walter Medhurst, Fortune disguised himself as a Chinese merchant during several of his journeys into parts of China that were prohibited to him. Not only was Fortune's purchase of tea plants forbidden by the Chinese government of the time, but he was not permitted to travel more than one day from certain ports where Europeans were allowed to trade. Fortune travelled to some areas of China that had seldom been visited by Europeans, including remote areas of Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangsu provinces.

Fortune employed many different means to transport tea plants, seedlings, and other botanical discoveries, but he is most well known for his use of cases like small greenhouses called Wardian cases (as used by Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward) to keep the plants alive. With these cases Fortune introduced 20,000 tea plants and seedlings to the Darjeeling region of India. He also brought with him a group of trained Chinese tea workers to assist in the production of tea leaves. Except for a few plants which survived in Indian gardens, most of the Chinese tea plants Fortune introduced to India died. The special growing methods and knowledge that was brought over from China, however, may have been very helpful in the later success of the Indian tea industry. 

Apart from his many contributions to plant history, Fortune was the first European to discover that black tea and green tea were actually from the same plant.

In later journeys he visited Formosa (now called Taiwan) and Japan, and described the culture of the silkworm and the growing of rice. He introduced many trees, shrubs and flowers to the West, including the cumquat, a climbing double yellow rose ('Fortune's Double Yellow' (syn. Gold of Ophir) which proved a failure in England's climate) and many varieties of tree peonies, azaleas and chrysanthemums. A climbing white rose that he brought back from China in 1850 was named *R. fortuniana* (syn. *R. fortuneana*) in his honor. This rose also proved a failure in England, preferring warmer climates.  Today both of these roses are still widely grown by antique rose fanciers in mild winter regions.  *R. fortuniana* is also  a valuable rootstock in Australia and the southern regions of the United States. 

The stories of his travels were told in a number of different books. He died in London in 1880, and is buried in Brompton Cemetery.

## References
Pradikta Wicaksono

**Pradikta Wicaksono** (born in Jakarta, Indonesia, January 10, 1986) or often called **Dikta**, is an Indonesian singer. He is a singer for the group Yovie & Nuno, along with Dudi Oris. He joined Yovie & Nuno in 2007.

## Personal life 
Pradikta Wicaksono was born in Jakarta on January 10, 1986. He was the second child of three siblings.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Yovie & Nuno official site
Pharrell Williams

**Pharrell Lanscilo Williams** (; born April 5, 1973), also known mononymously as **Pharrell**, is an American musician, record producer, singer, and songwriter. Williams and Chad Hugo are members of The Neptunes. They produce hip hop, R&B and pop music. He is also the lead vocalist of the band N.E.R.D. He formed the band with Hugo and childhood friend Shay Haley. He released his first single "Frontin'" in 2003. His first studio album *In My Mind* was released in 2006.

As part of the Neptunes, Williams has produced many singles for various musicians. These artists include Jay-Z, Backstreet Boys, Blackstreet, Ludacris, Rage Against the Machine, Britney Spears, Busta Rhymes, Garbage, Mary J. Blige, and Usher. The two have earned three Grammy Awards in ten . He is also the co-founder of the streetwear brands Billionaire Boys Club and Ice Cream footwear.

Williams became more well-known worldwide during 2013 and 2014, when he was featured on Robin Thicke's single "Blurred Lines" with T.I. (which he produced) and released his own single, "Happy", for the movie *Despicable Me 2*. Both songs reached number one in several countries around the world, including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. He was also featured on Daft Punk's single "Get Lucky", another international chart-topper.

## Personal life
Williams and model/designer Helen Lasichanh have a son, Rocket Williams (born 2008). The couple married on October 12, 2013. In January 2017, the couple welcomed triplets.

## Discography
### Solo albums
* *In My Mind* (2006)
* *Girl* (2014)

## References
Ready to Die

***Ready to Die*** is the debut studio album by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G.. It was released on September 13, 1994 by Bad Boy Records. *Ready to Die* was ranked #133 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time and was included in Time's list of the 100 greatest albums of all time. In 1996, the single "Big Poppa" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance at the 38th Grammy Awards. It lost to rapper Coolio's "Gangsta's Paradise". It was Biggie's only studio album that was released during his lifetime as he was murdered days prior to the release of his second studio album, Life After Death (1997).

## Tracklist
## References
Adipati Koesmadji

**Adipati Koesmadji** (born in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, August 19, 1991) or also known as the **Adipati Dolken** is an actor from Indonesia. Adipati Koesmadji began to be known since role as *Virgo* in the soap opera that aired on SCTV, *Kepompong*.

## Filmography 
### Movie 
* *"Putih Abu-Abu dan Sepatu Kets"* (2009)
* *"18+"* (2010)
* *"Pocong Keliling"* (2010)
* *"Malaikat Tanpa Sayap"* (2012)

### TV series 
* *"Kepompong"* on SCTV
* *"Cinta Puteri"* on ANTV
* *"Kejora dan Bintang"* on RCTI
* *"Dia Jantung Hatiku"* on RCTI
* *"Marah dan Galak"* on Indosiar

## References 
## Other websites 
* Profil Adipati 
*
Terry Balsamo

**Terry Balsamo** (born October 8, 1972) is an American guitarist. He is the former guitarist of the rock bands Cold and Evanescence. He was Evanescence's lead guitarist from 2003 to 2015. He co-wrote on the albums *The Open Door* (2006) and *Evanescence* (2011).

Balsamo uses Ibanez guitars.

## Band projects
*Evanescence - guitar (2003–2015)
*Cold - guitar (1999–2003, 2009 tour only)
*Shaft - guitar (1996–1999)
*Limp Bizkit - guitar (1995)

## References
Nicholas Lyndhurst

**Nicholas Simon Lyndhurst** (born 20 April 1961) is a British actor. He was born in Gosport, Hampshire. He played roles in television sitcoms *Going Straight*, *Butterflies*, *Only Fools and Horses*, *The Two of Us*, *Goodnight Sweetheart*, ''After You've Gone* and *Rock & Chips''.

## Other websites 
*
Tōtōmi Province

) with Tōtōmi Province highlighted]]

 was an old province of Japan in the area of Shizuoka Prefecture. It is also known as . 

The province had borders with Mikawa, Suruga and Shinano Provinces. 

## History
, 1853]]
Tōtōmi was one of the original provinces of Japan established in the Nara period under the Taihō Code. 

In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between Kyoto and Edo.  The road passed through Tōtōmi.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Izu Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Oguni jinja* and *Kotonomamahachimangū* were the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of Tōtōmi.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted

'''''Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted*** (also known as ***Madagascar 3'''*) is a 2012 American computer-animated movie made by DreamWorks Animation and Paramount Pictures. It is the third movie of the *Madagascar* movie series and is a sequel to the first two *Madagascar* films. It is the first 3-D movie in the series. It is directed by Eric Darnell, Tom McGrath, and Conrad Vernon. It was released on June 8, 2012.

## Cast 
* Ben Stiller as Alex
* Chris Rock as Marty
* David Schwimmer as Melman
* Jada Pinkett Smith as Gloria
* Sacha Baron Cohen as King Julien XIII
* Cedric the Entertainer as Maurice
* Andy Richter as Mort
* Tom McGrath as Skipper
* Chris Miller as Kowalski
* Christopher Knights as Private
* John DiMaggio as Rico
* Conrad Vernon as Mason
* Frances McDormand as Chantel DuBois
* Jessica Chastain as Gia
* Bryan Cranston as Vitaly
* Martin Short as Stefano

## Video game
Unlike the previous movie published by Activision, *Madagascar 3: The Video Game'' is developed by D3 Publisher.
Range (biology)

In biology, the **range** or **distribution** of a species is the geographical area or 
habitat where the species live.

Sometimes, when species are found in different regions at different times of year,  such as **summer range** and **winter range** can be used. When discussing about animals, the species' **natural range** is often discussed.

There are at least five types of distribution patterns:

* random
* ed/grouped (most are in one area)
* linear             (they are in a line)
* radial             (radiating from a centre)
* Regular/ordered    (not random, but in set positions)

## Related pages
*Ecology
Victoria Azarenka

**Victoria Azarenka** (, ; born 31 July 1989) is a Belarusian tennis player. She won the mixed doubles at the 2007 US Open and at the 2008 French Open. She won the singles at the 2012 and 2013 Australian Open. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she won a bronze medal in the singles and a gold medal in the mixed doubles. She is a former world number 1. As of 8 July 2013, she was the world number 3. 
She was born in Minsk and lives in Monte Carlo, Monaco.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
Japanese Bobtail

The **Japanese Bobtail** is a breed of cat from Japan. It has a short tail. 

The Maneki Neko is usually a Calico cat (Japanese Bobtail).

## References
Fujieda, Shizuoka

**Fujieda** (藤枝市, Fujieda-shi) is a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the main island of Honshū.

## Other websites
Iizuka, Fukuoka

**Iizuka** is a small city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Kyūshū.

## Other websites
Takaoka, Toyama

is a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

## History
Takaoka was established in 1609. It developed as a castle town.

The modern city of Takaoka was established in 1889.

In 1933, Takaoka's large statue of the Buddha (*Daibutsu*) was created.

## Geography
### Surrounding municipalities
* Toyama Prefecture
** Himi
** Imizu
** Oyabe
** Tonami
* Ishikawa Prefecture
** Hōdatsushimizu
** Tsubata

## Demography
According to Japanese census data,

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Hirakata

**Hirakata** is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.

It has been  as a special city since 2001.

## References
## Other websites
Maneki Neko

, also known as " cat", " cat", " cat" or " cat", is a common Japanese figurine. It is a lucky charm. This small statue is found in many Japanese shops, and it is also seen in some places outside Japan.

*Maneki neko* is usually painted as a Calico cat (Japanese Bobtail), but new colors has appeared recently (for example, white, red, black, pink, blue and gold).  It usually has the right paw raised.  Some of these statues have the left paw raised.

The statue commonly has a gold coin called a *koban* around the cat's neck.

Tokoname in Aichi Prefecture is Japan's top producer of *Maneki neko*.

## Color
This is the meaning of the colors
:*red, black; avoid getting ill
:*pink; help his or her love
:*gold; be lucky with money
:*calico; traditional color

## Gesture
Maneki-neko can be found with either the right or left paw raised (and sometimes both). 
Generally, a right paw raised brings good luck and wealth, while the left paw raised brings in customers.

## History
*Maneki neko* was a mascot of the silk industry, but now it is considered to be a mascot of business prosperity.
Different theories say that the Maneki neko came from Imado temples or that it came from Gotoku temples.  

## Related pages 
* Hello Kitty

## References
## Other websites 
* "Giant Maneki Neko....Tokoname Japan" at Panoramio
Takasaki

is Japanese city in Gunma Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

It has been  as a core city since 2011.

## History
The tradition of the daruma doll as a good luck charm was started at the  in Takasaki.

## References
## Other websites
* Takasaki City website
Hamamatsu

]]

**Hamamatsu** is a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū. Every May 3-5, the Hammamatsu Festival is held in the city. There are three wards (Chūō, Hamana, and Tenryū) in this city on and after January 1, 2024.

## Related page
* Honda F.C.

## References
Numazu

is a Japanese city in Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

It has been  as a special city since 2000.

## History
 woodblock print by Hiroshige, circa 1830s]]
 woodblock print by Hiroshige, circa 1830s]]
In the Edo period, *Numazu-juku* and *Hara-juku* was the 12th and 13th of 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (*shuku-eki*) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto. Both Tōkaidō rest stops are within the  of modern Numazu.

## Related pages
* *The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō*

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.city.numazu.shizuoka.jp/living_in/english.htm ,
Western philosophy

**Western philosophy** is the school of thinking of Western civilisation. Generally, it is seen to start with the philosophy of Ancient Greece. Its early devleopment mainly occurred in Europe and the countries around the Mediterranean. 

It is different from Eastern philosophy,  which developed in Asian countries such as China, Persia, Japan, India, Korea and Russia.

Philosophical thought developed in Babylon, and that relating to Islam are sometimes counted as "Eastern", and sometimes as "Western".

## Related pages 
*History of philosophy
Ichinomiya, Aichi

is a Japanese city in Aichi on the island of Honshu.

It has been  as a special city since 2001.

## History
In the Edo period, Ichinomiya grew up around the Masumida Shrine.

## Timeline
* **1889** (*Meiji 32*): The town was established by the merger of Ichinomiya and Ichishiki.
* **September 1, 1921** (*Taishō 10*): The city was established.
* **1940** (*Shōwa 15*): Merged with the villages of Haguri and Nishinari.
* **1955** (*Shōwa 30*): Merged with surrounding 8 municipalities.
* **April 1, 2002** (*Heisei 14*): Ichinomiya became a Special City.
* **April 1, 2005** (*Heisei 17*): Absorbed the city of Bisai and the town of Kisogawa from Haguri District.

## Geography
The city is northwest of Nagoya.

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.city.ichinomiya.aichi.jp/multilingual/ , [http://www.city.ichinomiya.aichi.jp/ ]
Futsal

(white) and Brazil (yellow).]]
**Futsal** is a sport that is like association football, but on hard court. It is played on indoor courts by two teams with five players each. Its name is short for *futebol de salão*, which means "room football" in the Portuguese language, or *fútbol de sala*, which is the same in the Spanish language. Futsal is most popular in European countries, like Portugal, Spain, Italy, Russia and Kazakhstan and South American countries, like Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. However, it is also played in many other countries.

The pitch is between 38 and 42 meters long and between 20 and 25 meters wide. This is shorter and narrower than football. The pitch is a hard court and smooth, unlike grass in football. The halves of the game are both twenty minutes long, shorter than the usual 45 minutes in football. There are 6 players on the court in total, including the goalkeeper. Substitutions are unlimited, and the maximum number of subs is 9. Players who break the rules can get yellow or red cards. If a player gets a red card, they can't play in that game anymore. The team that got the red card also has to play with one less player for two minutes or until the other team scores a goal. Another difference from football is that when the ball goes out, instead of throwing it back in, it is kicked in. There is also no offside in futsal.

A teacher from Uruguay called Juan Carlos Ceriani made the game in 1930. The rules were made in Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1933. He used rule templates from Football (soccer), Basketball, and Handball. A World Championship was held in 1971 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The first Futsal World Cup was in 1989 in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Since 1992 it is played every 4 years. In the 2016 Summer Olympics, Futsal was played for the first time in the Olympics.

## The importance of the futsal rules 
The importance of futsal are the rules. There is a 6 second rules on the goalkeeper if they hold it longer it is a foul called on the goalkeeper. I will add the importance of no throw ins you have to set the ball on the floor and play. Free-kicks have to be 2 touch and the wall has to be 2 feet or 3 feet away The goalkeeper punts are not allowed in futsal , It is a closed area or open with a net or ceiling on top. Soccer and futsal are very different. Soccer is a sport that is played on a way bigger pitch with 10 players (110 by 100m long and 75 by 64 m wide) and it has different motion throughout the game like how the ball moves fast , slow you may never know. Futsal has about 5-6 players and the pitch is 3x smaller than a soccer pitch and it is about  (25 - 42 m long 16 - 20 m wide).  There are no slide tackles or else the is a foul called on you. Their is headers available but futsal is usually played fast and on the floor. If the ball touches the top net or ceiling it is the other teams ball.  

## FIFA Futsal World Cup winners 
* Netherlands 1989: Brazil
* Hong Kong 1992: Brazil
* Spain 1996: Brazil
* Guatemala 2000: Spain
* Chinese Taipei 2004: Spain
* Brazil 2008: Brazil
* Thailand 2012: Brazil
* Colombia 2016: Argentina
* Lithuania 2021: Portugal
* Uzbekistan 2024: Brazil

## References
Niigata (city)

is the capital city of Niigata Prefecture in Japan. The port city is on the island of Sea of Japan.  The city has the mouth of Shinano River which is the longest river in Japan.

## Wards
Niigata has eight neighborhoods or wards (*ku*).
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

## History
On April 1, 2007 Niigata City became the largest Nihonkai coast city as a government-designated city.

## Related pages
* Albirex Niigata
* Niigata Prefecture
* Echigo Province
* Sado Province
## References
## Other websites
* Niigata City website
Hugo (movie)

***Hugo*** is a 2011 American 3D adventure drama movie that is based on Brian Selznick's novel *The Invention of Hugo Cabret*. The movie is about a boy who lives alone in a Paris railway station and the owner of a toy shop there. It was directed by Martin Scorsese, while the screenwriter was John Logan. It is a co-production of Graham King's GK Films and Johnny Depp's Infinitum Nihil. It stars Asa Butterfield, Ben Kingsley, Chloë Grace Moretz, Sacha Baron Cohen, Ray Winstone, Emily Mortimer, and Jude Law.

*Hugo* is Scorsese's first movie to be shot in 3D.

## Plot 
In 1931, Hugo Cabret is a 12-year-old boy who lives with his father, a widowed, but kind and devoted master clockmaker in Paris. Hugo's father takes him to see movies and he loves the movies of Georges Méliès best of all. Hugo's father is burned alive in a museum fire, and Hugo is taken away by his uncle, an alcoholic watchmaker who is responsible for maintaining the clocks in the railway station of Gare Montparnasse. His uncle teaches him to take care of the clocks, then disappears. Hugo lives between the walls of the station, maintaining the clocks, stealing food and working on his father's most ambitious project: repairing a broken automaton – a mechanical man who is supposed to write with a pen. Hugo steals mechanical parts in the station to repair the automaton, but he is caught by a toy store owner who takes away Hugo's blueprints for the automaton. The automaton is missing one part – a heart–shaped key. Convinced that the automaton contains a message from his father, Hugo goes to desperate lengths to fix the machine. He gains the assistance of Isabelle, a girl close to his age and the goddaughter of the toy shop owner. He introduces Isabelle to the movies, which her godfather has never let her see. Isabelle turns out to have the key to the automaton. When they use the key to activate the automaton, it produces a drawing of a movie scene Hugo remembers his father telling him about. They discover that the movie was created by Georges Méliès, Isabelle's godfather, an early – but now neglected and disillusioned – cinema legend, and that the automaton was a beloved creation of his, from his days as a magician. In the end, the children reconnect Georges with his past and with a new generation of cinema lovers who have come to appreciate his work

## Cast
* Asa Butterfield as Hugo Cabret
* Ben Kingsley as Georges Méliès
* Chloë Grace Moretz as Isabelle
* Sacha Baron Cohen as Inspector
* Jude Law as Archibald Cabret
* Christopher Lee as Monsieur
* Helen McCrory as Mama Jeanne
* Ray Winstone as Claude Cabret
* Michael Stuhlbarg as René Tabard
* Emily Mortimer as Lisette, the flower girl
* Frances de la Tour as Madame Emile
* Richard Griffiths as Monsieur Frick\
*Marco Aponte as train engineer assistant
*Emil Lager as Django Reinhardt, the guitarist

## Top ten lists 
The movie appeared on the following critics' top ten lists for the best movies of 2011:

## References
Bullfinch

**Bullfinches** are a genus of passerine birds in the finch family (Fringillidae). They belong to the genus ***Pyrrhula***. 

The genus has a palearctic distribution. All species occur in Asia with two species exclusively in the Himalayas and one species, *P. pyrrhula*, also occurring in Europe. The Azores bullfinch (*P. murina*) is a critically endangered species (about 120 pairs remaining), occurring only in the east of the island of São Miguel in the Azores archipelago. 

Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome *b* sequence indicates that the holarctic pine grosbeak (*Pinicola enucleator*) is the sister group to the ancestor of the bullfinches. 

The evolution of the bullfinch species started soon after the pine grosbeak's ancestors diverged from them (at the end of the middle Miocene, about a dozen million years ago (mya). It is fairly certain is that the bullfinch radiation started in the general area of the Himalayas. The mountain finches also seem to be part of this clade.

Bullfinches have glossy black wings and tail feathers. They show a white rump. The legs and feet are fleshy brown. Their short, swollen bill is adapted to eat buds, and is black except in *P. nipalensis*, which has a yellowish bill. The males can be distinguished by their orange or red breast. Some species have a black cap.

Probably most populations are partially migratory. Most migrants move short or medium distances. North European birds move within a wider compass than central European birds. Numbers migrating show marked annual fluctuations; no link with any particular food source has been established. Autumn migration begins late, and is fairly brief, mostly October–November; spring migration February–April.

The Eurasian bullfinch population in Britain has been in serious decline since the mid-1970s; numbers have fallen by 62 per cent in 35 years. Data suggests that productivity has increased over the last decade, and nest failure rates at the chick stage (15 days) have fallen from 37% to 21%.

## References
Shizuoka (city)

**Shizuoka** is the capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan. It is on the island of Honshū. The population was 3,765,044 in 2010. There are three areas of the city: Aoi, Suruga, and Shimizu.

## Places
***Granship** is a large, public convention facility designed by architect Arata Isozaki. 
* **Miho no Matsubara** is a place on the Miho peninsula with pine trees and views of Mount Fuji on a clear day. The pine groves were added to the World Heritage List as part of the Fujisan Cultural Site in 2013.
* **Nihondaira** is a 308-metre hill in central Shizuoka with good views of Mount Fuji, the Izu Peninsula, and Shimizu Bay.
* **Kunōzan Tōshō-gū** was the original burial place of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
* New Tower was built in Sumpujou Park in 2013.

## Education 
* Shizuoka University
* Tokai University
* Tokoha Gakuen University
* Shizuoka Eiwa Gakuin University

## People from Shizuoka
* Princess Akishino—princess in the Japanese Imperial Family
* Masafumi Goto—lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist of the J-rock band Asian Kung-Fu Generation
* Koji Gyotoku—football player and coach of Bhutan national football team
* Keiko Masuda—Singer, "Kei" of female pop music duo Pink Lady
* Kazuyoshi Miura—football player
* Riyo Mori—Miss Universe 2007
* Mitsuyo Nemoto—Singer, "Mie" of Pink Lady
* Momoko Sakura—cartoonist, creator of *Chibi Maruko-chan*
* Atsuto Uchida—football player
* Yoshito Usui—creator of Crayon Shin-Chan 
* Takahiro Yamada—bassist of Asian Kung-Fu Generation

## Related pages
* Shimizu S-Pulse

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Goldfinch

s - note thistledown in bill]]

**Goldfinch** are finches of the genus ***Carduelis***. They are small passerine birds of the family Fringillidae.

The goldfinch breeds across Europe, North Africa, and western and central Asia, in open, partially wooded lowlands. It is resident in the milder west of its range, but migrates from colder regions. It will also make local movements, even in the west, to escape bad weather. It has been introduced to many areas of the world.

The goldfinch's preferred food is small seeds such as those from thistles and teasels, but insects are also taken when feeding young. It also regularly visits bird feeders in winter. They nest in the outer twigs of tall leafy trees, or even in bamboo, laying four to six eggs which hatch in 11–14 days.

In the winter goldfinches group together to form flocks of up to forty birds, occasionally more. The song is a pleasant silvery twittering.

## References
David Strassman

**David Strassman** (born September 6, 1957) is an American ventriloquist. He is widely known for performing Chuck and Ted E. Bare, as well as many other puppets.

## Other websites
*
Margaret Corbin

**Margaret Corbin** (born Margaret Cochran, November 12, 1751 – January 16, 1800) was a woman who fought in the American Revolutionary War She and her husband John Corbin were both from Philadelphia. On November 16, 1776, they were part of 600 American soldiers defending Fort Washington in northern Manhattan. The fort was being attacked by about 4,000 Hessian troops under British command. John and Margaret worked one of the two cannons at the fort. When her husband died, Margaret took his place at his cannon. She kept firing until she was badly hurt. She later became the first woman in U.S. history to get a pension from Congress for military service.

## References
Machida, Tokyo

is a Japanese city in the western part of the greater metropolis of Tokyo, Japan. It is in the Tsurumigawa River basin.

## History
The city was founded on February 1, 1958.

Before 1965, Machida was a group of farm villages near Tokyo.

## Related pages
* F.C. Machida Zelvia
* Oberlin University

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
Fujisawa, Kanagawa

**Fujisawa** (藤沢市, Fujisawa-shi) is a Japanese city in Kanagawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

## History
 woodblock print by Hiroshige, circa 1830s]]
In the Edo period, *Fujisawa-shuku* was 6th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (*shuku-eki*) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

The area of the city expanded around Yugyō-ji temple (遊行寺) after 1325.

## Related pages
* *The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō*

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.city.fujisawa.kanagawa.jp/introduce/english/ ; [http://www.city.fujisawa.kanagawa.jp/ ]
Ichikawa, Chiba

**Ichikawa** is a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū. It is just to the east of Tokyo. There are a lot of schools and universities there. Ichikawa station is between Koiwa and Motoyawata Stations on the Chūō-Sōbu Line.

## Local attractions
* **Satomi-kōen** is a historic park in the city. It is near Konodai station. There are lots of flowers in this park. Many tourists visit here every year. Akedo kofun is an historic tomb in the park.

## Education
### Universities
*Chiba University of Commerce
*Tokyo Medical and Dental University
*Wayo Women's University
*Showagakuin Junior College

## Sister cities
*  Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia, from November 4, 1989.
*  Gardena, California, USA from November 6, 1962
*  Leshan, People's Republic of China, from October 21, 1981
* Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
*  Rosenheim, Germany, from July 14, 2004.
*  Wonju, South Korea

## People from Ichikawa
*Kuniko Inoguchi – Cabinet minister
*Michio Hoshino – photographer
*Yuki Abe – professional soccer player
*Atsuko Maeda – AKB48 singer
*Peter Takeo Okada – Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tokyo

## Other websites
## References
Urawa, Saitama

**Urawa** was a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is now part of the city of Saitama.

## Other websites
Himeji, Hyōgo

**Himeji** () is a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū. The city is well known for its landmark, Himeji Castle. It has been  as a core city since 1996.

## References
## Other websites
*
Itabashi

is one of the 23 special wards in Tokyo, Japan.

The municipality calls itself "Itabashi City" in English.

## Geography
Itabashi is in northern Tokyo. It borders Toshima to the south.  Nerima is on the ward's western border. The Arakawa River and Saitama Prefecture are the norther border.  Kita is on the east.

## Related pages 
* List of special wards of Tokyo
* Capital of Japan

## References
## Other websites
* Itabashi website ;   [http://www.city.itabashi.tokyo.jp/ ]
* Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Special wards
Autopsy (band)

**Autopsy** is an American death metal band from Concord, California. Autopsy has four members in the band; the current band members are Chris Reifert, Danny Coralles, Eric Cutler and Joe Trevisano.

## Band members 
;Current
*Chris Reifert – drums/vocals (1987–present)
*Danny Coralles – guitar (1987–present)
*Eric Cutler – guitar (1987–present)
*Joe Trevisano - bass (2010–present)

;Former
*Eric Eigard – bass (1987–1988)
*Ken Sorvari – bass (1988)
*Steve Cutler – bass (1990–1991)
*Josh Barohn – bass (1991–1993)
*Freeway Migliore – bass (1993–1995)
*Dan Lilker - bass (the 2010 Maryland Deathfest Show)

## Discography 
So far as of 2011, Autopsy has released 5 Studio albums:

### Albums
**Severed Survival* (1989)
**Mental Funeral* (1991)
**Acts of the Unspeakable* (1992)
**Shitfun* (1995)
**Macabre Eternal* (2011)

## References
## Other websites 
*Official Myspace
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

**Simple Mail Transfer Protocol** (**SMTP**) is an Internet communication protocol used to send and relay an email message between email servers. It is not used to retrieve email messages from a server. Instead either IMAP or POP is used to retrieve email messages.

## Related pages
* Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
* Post Office Protocol (POP)
Raymond Chandler

**Raymond Chandler** (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American novelist and a screenwriter. He was born in Chicago. He became a detective fiction writer after he lost a position as an oil executive.

His first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in 1933 in *Black Mask,* a popular pulp magazine.  His first novel, *The Big Sleep*, was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published just seven novels during his lifetime. In the year before he died, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. He died on March 26, 1959, in La Jolla, California.

## Novels
**The Big Sleep* (1939). Based on the short stories "Killer in the Rain" (1935) and "The Curtain" (1936).
**Farewell, My Lovely* (1940). Based on the short stories "The Man Who Liked Dogs" (1936), "Try The Girl" (1937) and "Mandarin's Jade" (1937).
**The High Window* (1942). Based on the short stories "Bay City Blues" (1938) and "The Lady In The Lake" (1939).
**The Lady in the Lake* (1943). Based on the short stories "Bay City Blues" (1938), "The Lady In The Lake" (1939), "No Crime In The Mountains" (1941).
**The Little Sister* (1949). Scenes based on the short story "Bay City Blues" (1938).
**The Long Goodbye* (1953 UK; Sept 1954 USA; Edgar Award for Best Novel, 1955).
**Playback* (1958). Based on an unproduced screenplay.
**Poodle Springs* (1959). (incomplete; completed by Robert B. Parker in 1989).

These are the criminal cases of Philip Marlowe, a Los Angeles private investigator. Their plots follow a pattern in which the men and women who hire him reveal themselves to be as corrupt, corrupting, and criminally complicit as those against whom he is hired to protect them.

## Screenplays
**The Blue Dahlia*
*Double Indemnity
*Strangers on a Train
*Playback (Unproduced)

## References
2014 Commonwealth Games

The **2014 Commonwealth Games** were held in Glasgow, Scotland.

It is the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland, although the country previously hosted the 1970 and 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh. Over the last 10 years, however, Glasgow and Scotland have also staged World, Commonwealth, European, or British events in all 17 sports proposed for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, including the World Badminton Championships in 1997.

## Selection process 
Scotland was the first country to consider hosting the 2014 Commonwealth Games in 2004, with Scottish cities being invited by the Commonwealth Games Council for Scotland to consider making a bid. In September 2004, Glasgow was announced as the Scottish candidate city over Edinburgh (which hosted the Games in 1970 and 1986, and the inaugural Commonwealth Youth Games in 2000) following a cost-benefit analysis by the Commonwealth Games Council for Scotland. The Scottish Executive under then First Minister of Scotland, Jack McConnell, with the support of the United Kingdom government and all main parties in the Scottish Parliament, formally announced Glasgow's intention to host the games on 16 August 2005.
 
In March 2006, the bidding process began, with the Glasgow Bid team presenting their case to the Commonwealth Games Federation at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, along with the other confirmed candidate cities; the Nigerian capital, Abuja and Halifax in Canada. In October 2006, the first voting delegates arrived in Glasgow, in order to inspect the city's existing and proposed amenities and facilities. Glasgow announced on 16 January 2007, the 17 sports to be included should its bid be successful. Halifax later withdrew its bid on 8 March 2007, following the withdrawal of funding from the municipal government.

## References