open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Government of India

The **Government of India** is the main authority that runs the country. It is based in New Delhi, the capital of India. The president of India (currently Droupadi Murmu since July 25, 2022) is the official head and has the power to appoint the prime minister and other ministers after elections. The current government was formed by a group called the National Democratic Alliance in 2014. The prime minister and other ministers are also members of parliament and part of the top decision-making group called the Union Council of Ministers, which includes the Indian cabinet.

The Government of India has its main office at Parliament House in New Delhi. It is made up of three main branches: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. Each branch has its own role in running the country. The legislature is responsible for making laws, the executive carries out those laws, and the judiciary interprets and applies the laws.

According to the Constitution of India, the power to make laws is given to the Parliament, which has two houses. The executive power is held by the President and the Union Council of Ministers, which includes the prime minister and other ministers. The judicial power is held by the Supreme Court of India. The President is the official head of the country and plays a key role in all three branches.

India’s government system is based on the British Westminster model. It also has a federal structure, which means that power is shared between the central government and the individual states.

## Sources
Bulldozer

**Bulldozers** are crawling machines which have blades. These machines are used for pushing large amounts of dirt or rubble during demolition or construction. They have claw-like devices in the rear to loosen materials which are densely compacted.

Bulldozers are structurally different from excavators, but in many respects their functions are similar. If we talk about universal types of construction equipment, then bulldozers are used when a large amount of work is expected. According to the method of movement, the bulldozers are divided into wheeled and tracked. This construction equipment is used for levelling the soil layer, digging trenches, as well as for transporting bulk cargo. The bulldozer is an economical and efficient construction assistant.

## References
My Darkest Days

**My Darkest Days** is a Canadian rock band from Norwood, Ontario. My Darkest Days has five members in the band; the current band members are Matt Walst, Sal Costa, Brendan McMillan, Doug Oliver, and Reid Henry.

The band was formed in 2006 by lead singer Matt Walst. They released their self-titled debut album "*My Darkest Days*" on September 21, 2010. They are currently signed to 604 Records. They released their second studio album "*Sick and Twisted Affair*" on March 26, 2012.

## Band members 
;Current
*Matt Walst – lead vocals, rhythm guitar 
*Sal Costa – lead guitar, vocals 
*Brendan McMillan – bass guitar 
*Doug Oliver – drums, percussion 
*Reid Henry – keyboards 

;Former
*Paulo Neta – lead guitar
*Chris MacMillan - lead guitar

## Discography 
### Albums
So far as of 2012, My Darkest Days have released 2 Studio album:
**My Darkest Days* (2010)
**Sick and Twisted Affair* (2012)

### Singles
**Porn Star Dancing* (2010) (featuring Zakk Wylde & Chad Kroeger)
**Move Your Body* (2011)
**Every Lie* (2011)
**Casual Sex* (2012)
**Sick and Twisted Affair* (2012)

## Other websites 
*My Darkest Days' Official website
Lead poisoning

**Lead poisoning**, also known as **saturnism**, is a condition where there is too much lead in the body. Lead interferes with many processes. It is toxic to many organs and tissues, including the bones and brain. The half-life of lead in these tissues is measured in weeks for blood, months for soft tissues, and years for bone. Lead in the bones, teeth, hair, and nails is bound tightly and not available to other tissues, and is generally thought not to be harmful. In adults, 94% of absorbed lead ends up in the bones and teeth, but children only store 70% in this way, a fact which may partially account for the more serious health effects on children. 

In 2013, lead is believed to have resulted in 853,000 deaths worldwide.

## Causes 
The risk of lead poisoning is very small in developed countries. However, lead might be used in paints, petrol or food containers in some countries where it might be legal, such as in developing countries. Other ways a person can be exposed is from: 
* lead pipes
* a lead water tank
* pipework with lead fittings
Causing the water supply to be contaminated.

One important cause of lead poisoning in the past was the leaded car fuel. The fuel companies added lead tetraethyl in petrol (US: gasoline) as it prevented knocking (premature ignition, also known as "dieseling") on petrol engines. The lead tetraethyl burned into lead oxide, which then spred in the air. The result was a widespread pollution of air in villages, town, and cities, and also pollution of the ground as rain brought the lead oxide down. 

It is assumed all people in developed countries, born between 1945 to 1990, show some symptoms of lead poisoning because of the leaded car fuel. When this was observed, using lead as anti-knock stuff was prohibited. The crime statistics have come down after leaded car fuel was forbidden.

## Symptoms
Symptoms of lead poisoning include coughing, fatigue, and severe dehydration.

Exposure to lead can be harmful especially to unborn babies and young children. Infants and young children absorb a bigger percentage of lead from sources than adults. The signs and symptoms in young children can include: 
* irritability and fatigue
* loss of appetite and weight loss
* abdominal pain
* vomiting
* constipation
* hearing loss
* developmental delay and learning difficulties

Although children are at increased risk of the effects of lead poisoning, exposure can also result in illness in adults. Symptoms in adults can include:
* high blood pressure
* abdominal pain
* constipation
* joint and muscle pain
* pain, numbness or tingling of the extremities (like the fingers and toes)
* headache
* miscarriage or premature birth in pregnant women
* fatigue
* memory loss

## Treatment
Treatment of the condition is usually to remove the source of lead. Animals sometimes from lead poisoning. Mostly, children are at risk for this condition.

## References
Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia

**Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia** (Saint Petersburg 14 January 1850 (4 January O.S.) – Paris, 14 November 1908) was the sixth child and the fourth son of Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse). Destined to a naval career, Alexei Alexandrovich started his military training at the age of 7. By the age of 20 he had been appointed lieutenant of the Russian Imperial Navy and had visited all European military ports of Russia. In 1871 he was sent as a goodwill ambassador to the United States and Japan.

In 1883 he was appointed general admiral. He made a big contribution to re-equipping the Russian navy with new ships and in modernizing the naval ports. He was blamed for the Russian loss to the Japanese in the Battle of Tsushima. In 1905, he was relieved of his command. He died in Paris in 1908.

## Food
During 1871 the Grand Duke led a squadron of the Russian Navy on a return visit to the United States.  Whilst in New York a dinner in his honour was given at Delmonico's, and the dish Lobster Duke Alexis named for him in his honor by Charles Ranhofer.
Toa Payoh

**Toa Payoh** is a place in Singapore. It is found in the central area of the Singapore island and is well known for having the first bus interchange with air conditioner in it. The whole district covers a total of 845 ha in land area.

## Notable places 
There are a few notable places in Toa Payoh. They are listed below:

### Toa Payoh stadium 
The Toa Payoh stadium is a stadium in which the Singapore League club Balestier Khalsa F.C. plays its home games.

### Toa Payoh Town Park 
The Toa Payoh Town Park is a garden-landscaped park. It was known as Toa Payoh Town Garden before a temporary bus interchange had to be built at the location of the garden.

## References
## Other websites 
* Toa Payoh Free Online Community Forums (ToaPayoh.NET)
Maxime Vachier-Lagrave

**Maxime Vachier-Lagrave** (born 21 October 1990) is a French chess Grandmaster and the 2009 World Junior Chess Champion. MVL, as he is sometimes called, is at present their strongest player.

## Grandmaster norms 
He completed his final grandmaster norm in 2005, at 14 years, 4 months. He got his norms in these tournaments:

*Paris Championship 2004: finished 3rd with 6½ points from nine rounds and a rating performance of 2703
*NAO GM Tournament 2004: won the tournament with 6/9 and got a performance of 2605
*GM Tournament of Évry: from 21 to 27 February 2005, finished second with 7½ and a performance of 2712

 during the Alekhine Memorial in Paris, 2013]]
Loammi Baldwin

which was repaired in the fall of 2007 to replace the missing sword and cleaned.]]

**Colonel Loammi Baldwin** (January 10, 1744-October 20, 1807) was a noted American engineer, politician, and a soldier in the American Revolutionary War.

Baldwin is known as the Father of American Civil Engineering. His five sons, Cyrus Baldwin (1773-1854), Benjamin Franklin Baldwin (1777-1821), Loammi Baldwin, Jr. (1780-1834), James Fowle Baldwin (1782-1862), and George Rumford Baldwin (1798-1888) were also well-known engineers.  He surveyed and built the Middlesex Canal, but today he is perhaps best remembered for the Baldwin apple which he discovered when surveying the Middlesex Canal, and then developed at his farm

## Military Career in the American Revolution
In 1774 Baldwin enlisted in a regiment, and commanded the Woburn militia at the Battle of Lexington and Concord as a major. At the beginning of the war he enlisted in the 26th Continental Regiment commanded by Colonel Samuel Gerrish. Here he rapidly advanced to be lieutenant-colonel, and on Colonel Gerrish's retirement in August 1775, he was placed in command of the regiment, and was soon commissioned colonel.

Until the end of 1775, Baldwin and his men stayed near Boston, but in April 1776, he was ordered with his command to New York City. On the night of December 25, 1776, in the face of a violent and extremely cold storm of snow and hail, General Washington and his army crossed the Delaware to the New Jersey side, and fought the Battle of Trenton. Baldwin and his regiment participated in both the crossing and the fight.  In 1777, Baldwin resigned from the army because of ill health.

## Political career
Baldwin was elected to various public offices between 1780 and 1796. He was appointed high sheriff of Middlesex County in 1780, and was the first to hold office after the adoption of the state constitution. From 1778-1784, he represented Woburn in the Massachusetts General Court (the state legislature). In 1794, he was a candidate for election to the United States House of Representatives, and obtained all the votes cast in Woburn but one.

## Engineering career
Baldwin began work with his older sons on the Middlesex Canal in 1794 and after nine years, the canal began service in 1803.  He later worked on Boston's fortifications.  His son Cyrus continued his father's work on the Middlesex Canal as an agent for the canal company.  His son Benjamin worked on the Boston Mill Dam for before an early death at age 43.

## References
Eva Mendes

**Eva Mendes** (born March 5, 1974) is an American actress. She has been in movies including *The Other Guys* and *Training Day*. She was born in Miami, Florida and grew up in Los Angeles, California. 

## Filmography 
*Children of the Corn V: Fields of Terror (1998)
*A Night at the Roxbury (1998)
*Mortal Kombat: Conquest (1998)
*My Brother the Pig (1999)
*The Disciples (2000)
*Urban Legends: Final Cut (2000)
*Exit Wounds (2001)
*Training Day (2001)
*All About the Benjamins (2002)
*2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)
*Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003)
*Out of Time (2003)
*Stuck on You (2003)
*Hitch (2005)
*The Wendell Baker Story (2005)
*Guilty Hearts (2005)
*Trust the Man (2006)
*Ghost Rider (2007)
*Knocked Up (2007)
*We Own the Night (2007)
*Live! (2007)
*Cleaner (2007)
*The Women (2008)
*The Spirit (2008)
*The Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009)
*The Other Guys (2010)
*Last Night (2010)
*Fast Five (2011)
*Holy Motors (2012)
*Girl in Progress (2012)
*The Place Beyond the Pines (2012)
*Clear History (2013)
*Lost River (2014)
*Fast 8 (2017)

## Other websites
*
Gombe Stream National Park

**Gombe Stream National Park** is a National Park in north-western Tanzania.

It borders on Lake Tanganyika, and is just south of the border with Burundi. The regional capital of western Tanganyika, Kigoma, is 10&nbsp;miles (20&nbsp;km) south of Gombe.

Established in 1968, Gombe is the smallest national park in Tanzania, with only  of forest running along the hills of the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika.

The terrain has steep valleys, and the forest vegetation ranges from grassland to alpine bamboo to tropical rainforest.

The Park can only be reached by boat.

## Wild life 
### Chimpanzees 
The Park is most famous as the place where Jane Goodall did her research on the chimpanzee groups.

Goodall discovered that the apes eat smaller monkeys regularly. They do this by cooperative hunting, gradually cutting off the monkey's escape routes. The extent of this predation is notable:
:"Goodall's Gombe data have also led researchers to take a closer look at the role that hunting plays in chimp feeding habits. One recent Gombe study, for instance, concluded that the 45 members of one troop ate a ton of monkey meat per year. During one hunting binge, chimps killed 71 colobus monkeys in 68 days; one chimp alone killed 42 monkeys over five years. All told, chimps may kill and eat a third of the Gombe’s colobus population each year".

Visitors to the park can trek into the forest to view the chimpanzees, as well as swim and snorkel in Lake Tanganyika with almost 100 kinds of colourful cichlid fish.

## References
Sgt. Slaughter

**Robert Remus** (born March 27, 1948) better known by his ring name, **Sgt. Slaughter**, is an American retired professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE as an ambassador. He is best known for wrestling in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He is also known for us time in the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and American Wrestling Association (AWA).

He is a one-time WWF Champion and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2004 by Pat Patterson.

His finishing move was the Camel clutch and then the Cobra clutch.

## References
## Other websites
*Sgt. Slaughter's Official website
*Sgt. Slaughter's WWE Hall of Fame profile  at WWE.com
Magic Johnson

**Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr.** (born August 14, 1959 in Lansing, Michigan) is an American retired NBA basketball player. He won the NBA Championship in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987 and 1988 all with the Los Angeles Lakers. He played college basketball at Michigan State University where he developed a rivalry and friendship with Boston Celtics star Larry Bird when he faced him in the 1979 NCAA finals and three NBA championship games.  Although Johnson was a versatile player who played all five positions occasionally, he is considered by many to be the greatest point guard, passer and playmaker in the history of the game.

In 1991, Johnson made public that he had been diagnosed with HIV. He is a supporter of AIDS prevention.

In 1992, Johnson was a member of the United States men's national basketball team. That team won an Olympic gold medal.

He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2002 and was also named as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996.

On February 21, 2017, Johnson replaced Jim Buss as the president of basketball operations for the Los Angeles Lakers. On April 9, 2019, Johnson resigned from his role as president of basketball operations of the Lakers wishing to return to his role of NBA ambassador.

## References 
## Other websites
*Magic Johnson's NBA player profile
University of South Carolina

The **University of South Carolina** is a public, co-educational university in Columbia, South Carolina. The university has about 44,557 students. It was founded in 1801. The current president of the university is Michael Amiridis. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Gamecocks. They have 21 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In men's soccer, a sport that the SEC does not sponsor, the Gamecocks play in the Sun Belt Conference

## Other websites
*University of South Carolina's Official website
*South Carolina Gamecocks' Official website
University of Arkansas

The **University of Arkansas** is a public, co-educational university in Fayetteville, Arkansas. The university has about 21,406 students. It was founded in 1871. The current president of the university is Jay B. Silveria as of January 15. 2025. https://news.uark.edu/articles/74296/university-of-arkansas-system-president-jay-silveria-officially-begins-new-role 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Razorbacks and the women's teams are called the Lady Razorbacks. They have 19 varsity teams and they compete in the Southeastern Conference.

## Other websites
*University of Arkansas' Official website
*Arkansas Razorbacks' Official website
Ali Abdullah Saleh

**Ali Abdullah Saleh** (; born 21 March 1942 – 4 December 2017) On February 2, 2011, he announced that he would step down in 2013.

## Death 
In December 2017, Saleh said he would not support the Houthis and instead sided with his former enemies – Saudi Arabia and president Hadi. On December 4, 2017, he was shot dead by a Houthi sniper while attempting to leave the capital city of Sana'a amidst the ongoing battle. The Houthis said that it was the United Arab Emirates that dragged Saleh to "this humiliating fate."

## References
Chevrolet Cruze

The **Chevrolet Cruze** is a four-door sedan and hatchback that is built by General Motors' Chevrolet brand. A subcompact Cruze based on the Suzuki Ignis was built between 2001 and 2008. Since 2008, the current compact has been produced as a replacement for the Chevrolet Cobalt. The Cruze is actually a rebadged Daewoo Lacetti Premiere, prior to its introduction, the original model was sold under Suzuki in America. The Cruze is the first compact Chevrolet model to not have a Pontiac twin, instead it shares similarities with the Buick Verano. In 2016 (2014 in China), the Cruze received a new generation. The Cruze was discontinued in the Americas in 2020.

In the US, the Cruze is available with either a 1.8-liter or 1.4-liter 4-cylinder engine producing 138&nbsp;hp. Both are available with six-speed manual and automatic transmissions. GM has announced that in late 2016 a hatchback version of the Cruze will be offered in North America.

## Other websites
* Chevrolet Cruze Reviews & Pictures
* Official Site
Lamborghini Murciélago

The **Lamborghini Murciélago** is a supercar. Lamborghini built it from 2001 to 2010. The Murciélago was succeeded by the Lamborghini Aventador. It replaced the Diablo. The Murciélago was designed by Luc Donckerwolke. Lamborghini built 4,099 Murciélagos.

## References
Lamborghini Jalpa

The **Lamborghini Jalpa** is a sports car. Lamborghini built it from 1981 to 1988. The Jalpa came after the Silhouette. The Jalpa was designed by Carrozzeria Bertone.

## History
The Jalpa was introduced at the 1981 Geneva Auto Show. It was based off the Silhouette. Lamborghini designed it to be less expensive than the Countach.

### Performance
Lamborghini said that the Jalpa could  from 0 to  in 6.0 seconds. They also said that it could reach  in 19.1 seconds. The top speed of the Jalpa was . The Jalpa weighed .

## Related pages
*Lamborghini Silhouette

## References
Lamborghini Countach

The **Lamborghini Countach** is a sports car. Lamborghini built it from 1974 to 1990. The Countach came after the Miura. Gruppo Bertone designed the Countach. The car used several different V12 engines by the time Lamborghini stopped making it in 1990.

## History
Lamborghini first showed the Countach to the public at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show. The car was known as the Lamborghini LP500 back then. The Countach was put into  in 1974. The first Countach model was called the Countach LP400.

### Production models
Lamborghini made several different Countach models between 1974 and 1990. 
#### LP400
The first Countach model was the LP400. Lamborghini started making the LP400 in 1974. The car used a  Lamborghini V12 engine. This engine was based on the one used in the Lamborghini Miura. In the LP400, it made . By the end of 1977, Lamborghini had made 158 Countach LP400s.
#### LP400 S
Lamborghini started making the Countach LP400 S in 1978. This model replaced the Countach LP400. The LP400 S’s engine was a little less powerful than the LP400’s. The LP400 S made . There were some changes made to the . These included fender flares and a rear wing. These changes stayed until Lamborghini stopped making the Countach in 1990.

#### LP500 S and LP5000 QV
Lamborghini made the Countach LP500 S in 1982. The LP500 S had a larger () V12 engine than the Countach LP400 and LP400 S. Lamborghini built 321 Countach LP500 S cars.

Lamborghini made the Countach LP5000 QV in 1985. The engine was bigger in the 5000 QV. It had a size of . The Countach LP5000 QV had either a fuel injected engine, or an engine with a carburetor. The fuel injected version made . The carbureted version made  at 7,000 rpm and  of torque at 5,200 rpm. Lamborghini made 610 Countach LP5000 QVs. 66 of them had the fuel injection system.

#### U.S. version
Lamborghini made a version of the Countach for the United States. The US version of the Countach had larger impact bumpers than the European version. Many owners removed the bumpers. This was because many people said that the bumpers ruined the look of the Countach.

#### 25th Anniversary model
Lamborghini made the Countach 25th Anniversary in 1988. The car got its name from the fact that Lamborghini was  in 1963. Horacio Pagani designed the Countach 25th Anniversary. The car had a different style from the other Countach models (see picture). The Countach 25th Anniversary was made until 1990.

The Countach 25th Anniversary was the fastest version of the Countach. It was able to  from  in 4.7 seconds. The car could also reach a top speed of .

## Engine and transmission
The table below shows what engines the different Countach models had. All Countach models had a five-speed manual transmission paired to the engine. The engine was mid-mounted in the Countach.

### Performance
The table below shows the performance of the various Countach models.

## References
## Other websites
*Lamborghini's Official website
Alaska North Slope

false-color image of the North Slope. The blue parts are ice. The Brooks Range is visible at the bottom. (June 2001)]]

The **Alaska North Slope** is a region of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is on the northern slope of the Brooks Range along the coast of the Arctic Ocean. 

The North Slope is known for having lots of oil. The *National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska* and the *Prudhoe Bay Oil Field* are the two biggest areas where oil is found. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is there also, and there has been a lot of debate about drilling for oil there. The oil from the North Slope is pumped south in pipes, called the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, to Valdez where it is loaded onto ships.

Because the Alaska North Slope is very far north, it gets very cold there. Only the top of the soil, called tundra, melts each season. Because of this, most of the soil is frozen all the time. This frozen soil is called permafrost. On top of the permafrost, water flows in shallow braided streams. Some of it goes into ponds.

## References 
* northslope.org , North Slope Science Initiative official website
* 

## Other websites
Cory Redding

**Cory Bartholomew Redding** (born November 15, 1980) is an American former professional football defensive tackle. He played 13 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Detroit Lions, Seattle Seahawks, Baltimore Ravens, Indianapolis Colts, and Arizona Cardinals. Redding was drafted out of the University of Texas by the Detroit Lions with the 66th pick in the third round of the 2003 NFL Draft. On June 29, 2016, Redding announced that he was retiring from playing professional football.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile on NFL.com
Dennis Pitta

**Dennis Pitta** (born June 29, 1985 in Fresno, California) is an American former professional football tight end. He played parts of 6 years in the National Football League (NFL). He played his entire career with the Baltimore Ravens. Pitta was drafted out of the Brigham Young University by the Baltimore Ravens with the 114th pick in the fourth round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31.

Pitta suffered a dislocated hip for a third time in his career on June 2, 2017. The Ravens released him shortly after on June 7.

## References
## Other websites
*Dennis Pitta at nfl.com
Terrell Suggs

**Terrell Raymonn Suggs** (born June 11, 1982 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American former professional football outside linebacker. He played parts of 18 years in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens, Arizona Cardinals, and Kansas City Chiefs.  Suggs was drafted out of Arizona State University by the Ravens with the 10th pick in the first round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens and Super Bowl LIV with the Kansas City Chiefs.

## College
Suggs played for Arizona State University in college. In his final season, Suggs had 24 sacks, an Arizona state record.

## NFL career
Suggs was drafted in 2003 by the Baltimore Ravens of the NFL at 10th overall. Suggs was expected to go higher, but slipped because of a slow time in a 40-yard run. In 2003, Suggs got 21 tackles and 12.5 sacks. He also caught an interception which he returned 11 yards. For his efforts, he won the NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year Award. 

 (#52) and Suggs (#55).]]

Suggs remained a good player for Baltimore. He also become known for his fun/joking style on and off the field. In 2008, Suggs caught two interceptions. He returned them both for touchdowns. The Ravens rewarded him with a 6 year, $66 million contract in 2009. In 2010, Suggs got 70 tackles (50 alone), a career-high 14.5 sacks, seven forced fumbles, and nine yards on two interceptions. He was the NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2011.

Suggs has become known as one of the great all-time Baltimore Ravens defenders with Ray Lewis and Ed Reed. During his career so far, Suggs has 565 tackles (408 alone), a Ravens record 82.5 quarterback sacks, 41 deflected passes, 7 interceptions, 144 return yards, and two touchdowns.

He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31.

## References
## Other websites
*Terrell Suggs at NFL.com
Piers Morgan

**Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan** (born 30 March 1965 in Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom) is a British  broadcaster and journalist best known currently as a presenter on TalkTV. He was also best known as a presenter on the ITV breakfast  programme Good Morning Britain from 2014 to 2021. Morgan wrote for the *News of the World* from 1994 to 1995 and *Daily Mirror* from 1995 to 2004. He also is known as a judge on the show ''America's Got Talent* and was also the winner of *The Celebrity Apprentice*. On 17 January 2011, he started a show called *Piers Morgan Live* on CNN and the show took over the timeslot that was previously taken by *Larry King Live'' before Larry King retired. Piers Morgan was fired by CNN President Jeff Zucker in 2014. Piers Morgan's show was cancelled by CNN and the final episode appeared March 28, 2014. A major focus of his program was support for liberal causes, particularly restrictions on gun ownership. He had a feud with his predecessor Larry King. ITV announced that Morgan decided to leave the programme with immediate effect, following negative comments he had made about Meghan, Duchess of Sussex in the days after the U.S. airing of the *Oprah with Meghan and Harry* interview. Ofcom received over 57,000 complaints from viewers, including a complaint from the Duchess of Sussex herself. Piers Morgan is a Catholic.

## References
## Other websites
*Piers Morgan's official website
Bush airplane

A **bush airplane** is an aircraft serving far away areas of a country, usually the African, Alaskan, and Canadian tundra or the Australian Outback. They are used where the road system is not good, or where there are no roads. Many planes used as bush planes are made by Cessna, or other makers of small and medium-sized airplanes.

## Common traits
* High wings make it easier for the pilot to see. There is also more space between the wing and plants and rocks on the ground.
* Bush airplanes usually have two large main wheels in the front and one small wheel in the back. This makes the plane tilt up in the front when it is on the ground, which makes it easier and safer to take off on a short or bumpy runway.
* Special modifications to the avionics also help the plane take off on short runways.
* Extra large tires help the plane to land and take off in bumpy places. Sometimes a bush pilot will land (and take off) where no airplane has been before.
* Some bush planes have floats for landing on water or skis for landing on snow.

## References
## Other websites 
*Bush-planes.com
Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum

The **Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum** is a museum in Springfield, Illinois. It contains papers and exhibits about U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.  Much of the museum is made of dioramas, or re-creations of scenes from the life of Lincoln.  These include scenes of Lincoln in Springfield, Lincoln in the White House, and Lincoln at Ford's Theater.  They were designed by Bob Rogers, who used to work for The Walt Disney Company as a designer.  Some historians did not like that the exhibits were designed by someone who had worked for Disney.  They thought that Disney people do not tell American history the right way.  Along with the dioramas are original artifacts of Lincoln, such as the first copy of the Gettysburg Address.  The library's founding director was Richard Norton Smith, who wrote several books on American presidents. Its current director is Eileen R. Mackevich.

Run by the state of Illinois, the library opened on April 19, 2005. After three years, it had more than 1.5 million visitors.

## References
## Other websites
*
Derrick Martin

**Derrick Martin** (born May 16, 1985) is an American former professional football strong safety. He played parts of 8 years in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens, Green Bay Packers, New York Giants, New England Patriots, and Chicago Bears. Martin was drafted out of the University of Wyoming by the Baltimore Ravens with the 208th pick in the sixth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He won two Super Bowls; Super Bowl XLV with the Packers and Super Bowl XLVI with the Giants.

## Other websites
*Derrick Martin at nfl.com
Fin Fang Foom

**Fin Fang Foom** is a supervillain that first appeared in 1961 in the #89 issue of *Strange Tales*. He was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. He has the power to super strength, the ability to fly with his wings at supersonic speeds, and can also spew combustible acid mist from his mouth. Fin Fang Foom also made multiple appearances in the Iron Man comics.

## Other websites
*Fin Fang Foom at Marvel.com
The Double (Seattle Mariners)

**The Double** was a double hit by Edgar Martínez of the Seattle Mariners in the 1995 Major League Baseball playoffs. The Mariners were trailing by one run in the bottom of the 11 inning. When Martínez came to bat, Joey Cora was on third base and Ken Griffey, Jr. was on first. Martínez's hit drove in Cora and Griffey, giving the Mariners a 6–5 victory over the New York Yankees. This game gave the Mariners a 3-2 win in the American League Division Series. Former Mariners manager Lou Piniella called The Double "the hit... that saved baseball in Seattle."

## The play
After the Yankees took a 4– 2 lead on a Don Mattingly 2-RBI double in the 6th inning, the Mariners came back to tie the score at 4– 4 in the 8th inning. Since the score remained tied after 9 innings, extra innings had to be played. In the top of the 11th inning the Yankees scored a run on a single by Randy Velarde.

### Dave Niehaus' call
Dave Niehaus's radio call of the Double:

## Notes
## References
Swoosie Kurtz

**Swoosie Kurtz** (September 6, 1944) is an American movie and television actress. She was originally from Omaha, Nebraska. She began her acting career in the late 1970s. She starred as Alex in the NBC drama *Sisters*. Her career has been mainly on television, but Kurtz has acted in some Hollywood movies, most notably the 1997 movie ''Liar Liar.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Branchiopoda

**Branchiopoda** is a class of crustaceans. It is the sister group to the other crustaceans. They are mostly small, freshwater animals that feed on plankton and detritus. However, many of the Cladocera are marine.

Branchiopods have gills on most of the animals' appendages, including some of the mouthparts. The name means "gill-foot".

*Subclass **Sarsostraca**
**Anostraca
*Subclass **Phyllopoda**
**Lipostraca†
**Notostraca
*Infraclass Diplostraca
**Laevicaudata
**Spinicaudata
**Cyclestherida
**Cladocera

## Related pages 
**Daphnia*
*Brine shrimp

## References
Barbara Mandrell

**Barbara Mandrell** (born 25 December 1948 in Houston, Texas) is an American country singer. During the 1970s and 1980s she had many top ten hits.

## References
Mount Cayley volcanic field

The **Mount Cayley volcanic field** is a volcanic area on the south coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is  long. The field gets its name from Mount Cayley, the biggest of several active volcanos in the area.

Most of the volcanoes there were created when material from inside the earth spilled onto the surface. Under the earth were layers of glacial ice from the last ice age. There are tuya—steep, flat-topped volcanoes—and lava domes. The first eruptions in the field occurred between 1.6&nbsp;and 5.3&nbsp;million years ago, and at least 23&nbsp;eruptions have occurred in all.

The southern area has the most known volcanoes—11. The center of the field has at least five volcanoes, and the north has two volcanoes.

## References
## Other websites
Life as We Know It (movie)

***Life as We Know It*** is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama movie. It was produced by Barry Josephson and Paul Brooks and was directed by Greg Berlanti. The movie was released on October 8, 2010. It received mixed reviews by reviewers.

Two single people in Atlanta raise a baby after her parents are killed in a car accident.

## Cast 
*Katherine Heigl as Holly Berenson
*Josh Duhamel as Eric Messer
*Brooklyn "Brooke", Brynn and Alexis Clagett as Sophie Novak
*Josh Lucas as Sam ("Doctor Love")
*Melissa McCarthy as DeeDee
*Hayes MacArthur as Peter Novak
*Christina Hendricks as Alison Novak
*Sarah Burns as Janine Groff
*Faizon Love as Walter
*Will Sasso as Miss Pennsylvania's husband

## Other websites 
**Life as We Know It* at warnerbrothers.com
*
Unstoppable (2010 movie)

***Unstoppable*** is a 2010 American action thriller movie. It was produced and directed by Tony Scott. It was final film directed by Tony Scott before his death in 2012. The movie was released on November 12, 2010. The movie received positive reviews with a 86% on Rotten Tomatoes which is certified fresh and is also rated as a 69% by Metacritic.

## Cast 
*Denzel Washington as Frank Barnes
*Chris Pine as Will Colson
*Rosario Dawson as Connie Hooper
*Ethan Suplee as Dewey
*Kevin Dunn as Oscar Galvin
*Kevin Corrigan as Scott Werner
*Lew Temple as Ned Oldham
*T.J. Miller as Gilleece
*Jessy Schram as Darcy Colson
*David Warshofsky as Judd Stewart
*Meagan Tandy as Maya Barnes
*Elizabeth Mathis as Nicole Barnes
*Ryan Ahern as Ryan Scott

## Other websites 
*Unstoppable's Official website 
* 
*
The Kids Are All Right (movie)

***The Kids are All Right*** is a 2010 American comedy-drama movie. The movie stars Julianne Moore, Annette Bening, Mark Ruffalo and Mia Wasikowska. This movie is about a California lesbian couple and the events happening around them. This movie was nominated for several Academy Awards.

## Other websites 
*
I Spit on Your Grave (2010 movie)

***I Spit on Your Grave*** is a 2010 American crime horror thriller movie in the rape and revenge genre of movies. It was produced by Lisa M. Hansen, Paul Hertzberg and Meir Zarchi and was directed by Steven R. Monroe. The movie was released on October 8, 2010. The movie is a remake of the 1978 movie, *I Spit on Your Grave*. The movie received negative reviews with a 37% on Rotten Tomatoes which is rotten and is also rated as a 27% out of 100% by Metacritic.

## Cast 
*Sarah Butler as Jennifer
*Chad Lindberg as Matthew
*Daniel Franzese as Stanley
*Rodney Eastman as Andy
*Jeff Branson as Johnny
*Andrew Howard as Storch
*Tracey Walter as Earl
*Mollie Milligan as Mrs. Storch
*Saxon Sharbino as Chastity
*Amber Dawn Landrum as Girl at Gas Station

## Other websites 
*I Spit on Your Grave's Official website 
* 
*
Due Date

***Due Date*** is a 2010 American comedy road movie. It was produced by Todd Phillips, Daniel Goldberg, and Susan Downey and was directed by Todd Phillips. The movie was released on November 5, 2010. The movie has cameo appearances from *Two and a Half Men* stars Charlie Sheen and Jon Cryer.

Architect Peter and wannabe actor Ethan drive from Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport to Los Angeles.

## Cast
* Robert Downey, Jr. as Peter Highman
* Zach Galifianakis as Ethan Tremblay / Ethan Chase
* Michelle Monaghan as Sarah Highman
* Juliette Lewis as Heidi
* Jamie Foxx as Darryl
* RZA as Airline Screener Marshall
* Matt Walsh as TSA Agent
* Danny McBride as Western Union Employee Lonnie
* Todd Phillips as Barry
* Mimi Kennedy as Sarah's Mom
* Keegan Michael Key as New Father
* Aaron Lustig as Dr. Greene
* Nathalie Fay as Flight Attendant
* Sharon Morris as Airport X-ray
* Marco Rodríguez as Federali Agent
* Howard Fine as himself (voice)
* Charlie Sheen as himself / Charlie Harper (cameo)
* Jon Cryer as himself / Alan Harper (cameo)

## Other websites
* Due Date at Warner Brothers.com
* 
*
Couples Retreat

***Couples Retreat*** is a 2009 American comedy movie. It was produced by Scott Stuber and was directed by Peter Billingsley. The movie was released on October 9, 2009. The movie received negative reviews with a 11% on Rotten Tomatoes which is rotten and is also rated as a 23% out of 100% by Metacritic. Even though the movie was negatively reviewed it became a box office success and was ranked first for its opening weekend grossing $34,286,740.

## Cast 
*Vince Vaughn as Dave
*Malin Åkerman as Ronnie
*Jon Favreau as Joey Tippaglio
*Kristin Davis as Lucy Tippaglio
*Jason Bateman as Jason
*Kristen Bell as Cynthia
*Faizon Love as Shane
*Kali Hawk as Trudy
*Jean Reno as Marcel
*Peter Serafinowicz as Sctanley (pronounced Stanley with a silent C)
*Tasha Smith as Jennifer
*Ken Jeong as a therapist
*Jonna Walsh as Lacey Tippaglio
*John Michael Higgins as a therapist
*Carlos Ponce as Salvadore
*Temuera Morrison as Briggs
*Karen David as Spa Attendant

## Other websites 
*Couples Retreat's Official website 
*
Paul (movie)

***Paul*** is a 2011 British-American science fiction comedy movie. It was produced by Nira Park, Tim Bevan and Eric Fellner. It was directed by Greg Mottola. The movie was released on February 14, 2011 in the United Kingdom and was released in the United States on March 18, 2011. It is set in Nevada and was filmed in New Mexico. The movie received positive reviews with a 66% on Rotten Tomatoes which is fresh.

## Cast 
*Simon Pegg as Graeme Willy
*Nick Frost as Clive Gollings
*Seth Rogen as the voice of Paul
*Jason Bateman as Special Agent Lorenzo Zoil
*Kristen Wiig as Ruth
*Bill Hader as Agent Haggard
*Gregg Turkington as Neil Hamburger
*Jane Lynch as Pat Stevenson
*Sigourney Weaver as "The Big Guy"
*Blythe Danner as Tara Walton
*Mia Stallard as Young Tara
*Joe Lo Truglio as O'Reilly
*John Carroll Lynch as Moses Buggs
*David Koechner as Gus
*Jesse Plemons as Jake
*Jeffrey Tambor as Adam Shadowchild
*Luke Jackson as Ford
*Paula LaBaredas as Princess Leia
*Chris Bentley as Highway Patrolman (*uncredited*)
*Justin Reed as Comic Con Guest

## Other websites 
*Paul's official website
* 
*
The Time Traveler's Wife (movie)

'''''The Time Traveler's Wife''''' is a 2009 American romantic fantasy drama movie. It was produced by Brad Pitt, Nick Wechsler and Dede Gardner and was directed by Robert Schwentke. The movie was released on August 14, 2009. The movie received mixed reviews with a 38% on Rotten Tomatoes which is rotten and is also rated as a 45% out of 100% by Metacritic. The movie is based on the 2003 novel with the same name.

## Cast 
*Eric Bana as Henry DeTamble
*Rachel McAdams as Clare DeTamble
*Ron Livingston as Gomez
*Jane McLean as Charisse
*Stephen Tobolowsky as Dr. David Kendrick
*Arliss Howard as Richard DeTamble
*Brooklynn Proulx as Young Clare Abshire (6&8)
*Alex Ferris as Young Henry DeTamble (6 years old)
*Hailey McCann (9&10) and Tatum McCann (4&5) as Alba DeTamble
*Michelle Nolden as Annette DeTamble
*Maggie Castle as Alicia Abshire
*Fiona Reid as Lucille Abshire
*Philip Craig as Philip Abshire
*Brian Bisson as Mark Abshire

## Other websites 
*The Time Traveler's Wife's Official website
* 
*
Megamind

***Megamind*** is a 2010 American animated, science fiction-comedy movie that was produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The movie was directed by Tom McGrath. The movie premiered in Russia on October 28, 2010 and on November 5, 2010 in North America. The movie received mixed reviews from critics but it was positively welcomed from audience who praised its story, characters, humor, soundtrack, animation, emotional weight and message, even becoming an animated cult during the years. There was also various video games based on the movie released as tie-ins to the film.

## Cast 
* Will Ferrell as Megamind
* Tina Fey as Roxanne Ritchi
* Jonah Hill as Hal Stewart/Tighten
*David Cross as Minion
*Brad Pitt as Metro Man
*Justin Long as Brainbots
*J. K. Simmons as Warden
*Ben Stiller as the real Bernard
*Justin Theroux as Megamind's father
*Christopher Knights as a prison guard.
*Tom McGrath as Lord Scott/Prison Guard
*Jack Blessing as Newscaster
*Jessica Benia as Megamind's mother
*Joey Dinitere as Megamind (baby)
*Noah Dinitere as Metro Man (baby)

## Other websites 
*Megamind's Official website
* 
*
Black Swan (movie)

***Black Swan*** is a 2010 American psychological drama thriller movie set in New York City. It was produced by Ari Handel, Scott Franklin, Mike Medavoy, Arnold Messer and Brian Oliver and directed by Darren Aronofsky. The movie was released in Italy on September 1, 2010 and on December 3, 2010 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 88% on Rotten Tomatoes which is "certified fresh" and has a 79 rating out of 100 on Metacritic. The movie is based on the ballet, Swan Lake. The movie won the Academy Award for Best Actress, the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role for the movie.

## Cast 
*Natalie Portman as Nina Sayers/The Swan Queen
*Mila Kunis as Lily / The Black Swan
*Vincent Cassel as Thomas Leroy/The Gentleman
*Barbara Hershey as Erica Sayers / The Queen
*Winona Ryder as Beth MacIntyre/The Dying Swan
*Benjamin Millepied as David
*Ksenia Solo as Veronica
*Kristina Anapau as Galina
*Janet Montgomery as Madeline
*Sebastian Stan as Andrew
*Toby Hemingway as Tom
*Sergio Torrado as Sergio

## Other websites 
*Black Swan's official website 
* 
*
Type 2 diabetes

**Diabetes mellitus type&nbsp;2** (or adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorder where high levels of blood sugar  occur. Left untreated, it can cause heart attacks, strokes, blindness and kidney failure.

## Cause
Usually, blood sugar levels are regulated by insulin, but in type 2 diabetes this does not work properly. Insulin is a hormone which tells the muscle and fat cells of the body to take up sugar from the blood. If there is too much sugar in the blood for a long period of time, the muscle and fat cells start to ignore insulin. As a result, sugar stays in the blood and is not taken up, leading to a high blood sugar.

This situation is different from diabetes mellitus type 1. In this case, the islet cells, which make insulin in the pancreas, have been destroyed by the body, and as a result there is no insulin. Diabetes type 1 usually occurs in children or young adults, whilst diabetes type 2 usually occurs in older people. However, recently childhood obesity has led to some young adults and teenagers developing type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes makes up around 90% of cases of diabetes, while type 1 diabetes and other types of diabetes make up the other 10%.

## Complications
Poorly managed diabetes can lead to heart attacks, strokes, blindness and kidney failure.

Reducing carbohydrate consumption could help with managing type 2 diabetes.

## References
Craig Ferguson

**Craig Ferguson** (born 17 May 1962) is an Scottish actor, comedian and late night television host. He hosted *The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson* from 2005-2014 on CBS while James Corden takes over.  He also hosted Shark Week in 2010 on the Discovery Channel. He became an American citizen on 1 February 2008.

He hosted *Celebrity Name Game* on Syndication from 2014-2017. He hosted *Join or Die with Craig Ferguson* on History in 2016.

## References 
## Other websites
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Edgar Martínez

**Edgar Martínez** (born January 2, 1963) was an American Major League Baseball player for the Seattle Mariners. Martínez played for 18 years for the Mariners before retiring in 2004.

## Other website
*
Ford's Theater

'''Ford's Theater'* is a building in Washington, D.C.. It is most well known as the place where Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth during the play *Our American Cousin''. It is called Ford's Theater because it was run by a man named Ford during the American Civil War. The building has been rebuilt several times. Before the Civil War, it was used as church. After the Civil War, it was used as a museum, warehouse and office. It is now a National Historic Site.
Hall Pass (movie)

***Hall Pass*** is a 2011 American romantic comedy movie that was produced by Charles B. Wessler, Bradley Thomas and Benjamin Waisbren and was directed by Farrelly brothers: Bobby & Peter. The movie was released on February 25, 2011. The movie received mixed reviews with a 37% on Rotten Tomatoes which is rotten and Metacritic rated the movie 47% out of 100.

## Cast 
*Owen Wilson as Rick
*Jason Sudeikis as Fred
*Jenna Fischer as Maggie
*Christina Applegate as Grace
*Joy Behar as Dr. Lucy
*Stephen Merchant as Gary
*J.B. Smoove as Flats
*Richard Jenkins as Coakley
*Alexandra Daddario as Paige
*Nicky Whelan as Leigh
*Vanessa Angel as Missy
*Larry Joe Campbell as Hog Head
*Alyssa Milano as Mandy
*Megan Joy as Burger Girl
*Bo Burnham as Bartender

## Other websites 
*Hall Pass at warnerbrothers.com
* 
*