open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Paratelmatobius yepiranga

***Paratelmatobius yepiranga*** is a frog. Scientists have only seen it in one place: Parque das Neblinas in Brazil.

Scientists heard the male frogs calling at night when the weather was rainy. The frogs were in small, muddy ponds in the forest. Scientists think this frog only lives in rainforest where the tree branches come together like a roof. Scientists think the frog lays eggs in small streams and pools and that the tadpoles swim in the water.

Scientists saw the frog 767 meters above sea level. Scientists saw it in Parque das Neblinas, and this park has some of the same place Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, so scientists think it could live in Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar too.

## First paper
*

## References
Criss Oliva

**Christopher Michael Oliva** (April 3, 1963 – October 17, 1993) was an American musician. He was one of the creators of the heavy metal band Savatage. He was the lead guitarist for the band as well. He made seven albums with the band.

In 1993, Oliva died when a drunk driver hit the car he was in.

In 2025, Savatage returned and honored Criss by keeping his music alive, and payed video tribute during the song "Believe," sung in part by his brother Jon.

## Music 
### Savatage 
* *Sirens* (1983)
* *The Dungeons Are Calling* (1984)
* *Power of the Night* (1985)
* *Fight for the Rock* (1986)
* *Hall of the Mountain King* (1987)
* *Gutter Ballet* (1989)
* *Streets: A Rock Opera* (1991)
* *Edge of Thorns* (1993)

## References
Léonie Sazias

**Léonie Sazias** (27 July 1957 – 3 October 2022) was a French-Dutch television presenter and politician. She was a member of parliament between 2017 and 2021.

Sazias had the French nationality, and obtained also the Dutch nationality later on.

After a succesfull screentest she started working as television presenter at Veronica. Later she worked for AVRO, TROS, RTL 4 and FOX. She presented various programmes, including the AVRO talk show *Ruud en Leonie* with Ruud ter Weijden in 1985 and 1986. She was most known from *De Ojevaarsjo en Dierenmanieren* where she worked together with Martin Gaus.

Sazias was the second place on the list of the politic party 50PLUS for the parliamentary elections of 2017, below party leader Henk Krol. During the 2017 election campaign she was unable to participate actively; she was diagnosed with colon cancer. After 50PLUS had won four seats in the Tweede Kamer, she became a member of parliament from 23 March 2018. In November 2018 she went on sick leave and returned on 26 June 2019. She witdrew for the 2021 parliamentary elections.

Sazias died from colon cancer on 3 October 2022, aged 65.

## References
## Other websites
*Bio at Parlement.com
When Will I Be Loved (song)

"**When Will I Be Loved**" is a 1960 song by The Everly Brothers. It was a top ten hit in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. It went on to be a bigger hit for Linda Ronstadt in 1974. It was taken from her fifth studio album *Heart Like a Wheel*.
As Tears Go By (song)

"**As Tears Go By**" is a 1964 song by English singer Marianne Faithfull. The song peaked at number 9 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In 1965, the Rolling Stones released their own version which was at the top of the charts in Canada.

## References
Kirov

**Kirov** may refer to:

* Sergei Kirov (1886–1934), Soviet Bolshevik leader in Leningrad after whom all other entries are named
* Kirov (surname)

## Places 
### Armenia 
* Amrakits or Kirov
* Taperakan or Kirov

### Azerbaijan 
* Kirov, Baku
* Kirov, Lankaran
* Kirov, Samukh
* Kirov, Shusha

### Kyrgyzstan 
* Kirov, Jalal-Abad, a village in Nooken District, Jalal-Abad Region
* Kirov, Panfilov, a village in Panfilov District, Chuy Region
* Kirov, Ysyk-Ata, a village in Ysyk-Ata District, Chuy Region
* Kirov, Kara-Suu, a village in Kara-Suu District, Osh Region
* Kirov, Özgön, a village in Özgön District, Osh Region

### Russia 
* Kirov Oblast, an oblast of Russia
* Kirov, Kirov Oblast, a city and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast
* Kirov, Kaluga Oblast, a town in Kaluga Oblast
* Kirov, Republic of Adygea, a khutor in Shovgenovsky District of the Republic of Adygea
* Kirov, Sakha Republic, a selo in Nyurbinsky District of the Sakha Republic
* Kirov Bridge, a bridge across the Daugava in Vitebsk, Belarus
* Kirov Islands, a Russian archipelago in the Kara Sea
* Kirov Square, Yekaterinburg, Russia

## Military 
* *Kirov*-class cruiser, a Soviet class of conventional cruisers
** Soviet cruiser *Kirov*, the lead ship of the *Kirov*-class cruisers, launched in 1936
* *Kirov*-class battlecruiser, a Soviet nuclear-powered cruiser class
** Soviet battlecruiser *Kirov*, the lead ship of the *Kirov*-class battlecruisers, launched in 1977

## Theatre 
* Kirov Theatre, the name by which the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg was known from 1935 to 1992
** Kirov Orchestra, the former name of the Orchestra of the Mariinsky Theatre
** Kirov Ballet, the former name of the Mariinsky Ballet
* Kirov Academy of Ballet, a ballet school in Washington D.C.

## Related pages 
* Imeni Kirova (disambiguation)
* Kirov, Russia, a list of inhabited localities in Russia
* Kirovka (disambiguation)
* Kirovsk (disambiguation)
* Kirovsky (disambiguation)
We Don't Talk Anymore (Cliff Richard song)

'''"We Don't Talk Anymore"'* is a 1979 song by English singer Cliff Richard. It was taken from his 22nd studio album *Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile''. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Norway and Switzerland.

## Track listings
### 1979 releases
**7"**
# "We Don't Talk Anymore" – 4:13
# "Count Me Out" – 4:15

**7" (US)**
# "We Don't Talk Anymore" – 3:40
# "Count Me Out" – 4:13

**12"**
# "We Don't Talk Anymore" – 6:54
# "Count Me Out" – 4:11

### 1990 releases
**7"**
# "We Don't Talk Anymore" – 4:38
# "From a Distance" – 4:41

**12" & CD**
# "We Don't Talk Anymore" – 8:13
# "From a Distance" – 4:41
# "We Don't Talk Anymore" – 4:38

## References
Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile

'''''Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile'''* is the 22nd studio album by English singer Cliff Richard and spawned the number 1 song *We Don't Talk Anymore''.

## Track listing
### Original UK release
Side One
# "Monday Thru' Friday" (Terry Britten)  3:47
# "Doing Fine" (Terry Britten)  3:06
# "Cities May Fall" (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  4:17
# "You Know that I Love You" (Terry Britten)  2:54
# "My Luck Won't Change"  (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  4:13
# "Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile" (Cliff Richard)  2:47

Side Two
# "Sci-Fi" (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  3:47
# "Fallin' in Luv" (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  3:11
# "Carrie" (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  3:43
# "Hot Shot"  (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  3:23
# "Language of Love" (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  4:40
# "We Don't Talk Anymore" (Alan Tarney)  4:18

Bonus tracks (2001 re-issue):
# "Walking in the Light" (Terry Britten)  3:17
# "Moving In" (Cliff Richard) 3:26

### Original North American release
This release was titled ''We Don't Talk Anymore'' and excluded "Cities May Fall" and "My Luck Won't Change".

Side One
# "We Don't Talk Anymore" (Alan Tarney)  4:18
# "Doing Fine" (Terry Britten)  3:06
# "Monday Thru' Friday" (Terry Britten)  3:47
# "You Know that I Love You" (Terry Britten)  2:54
# "Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile" (Cliff Richard)  2:47

Side Two
# "Sci-Fi" (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  3:47
# "Fallin' in Luv" (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  3:11
# "Carrie" (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  3:43
# "Hot Shot"  (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  3:23
# "Language of Love" (Terry Britten, B.A. Robertson)  4:40
## References
Kaluga Oblast

**Kaluga Oblast** () is a federal subject of Russia. Specifically, it is an oblast. Its administrative center (capital city) is the city of Kaluga. Kaluga Oblast had a population of 1,068,410 in 2024.

## Geography 
Kaluga Oblast is in the central part of the East European Plain. It is between the Central Russian Upland, the Smolensk-Moscow Upland, and the Dnieper-Desna watershed. Kaluga Oblast borders Bryansk Oblast in the southwest, Oryol Oblast in the south, Tula Oblast in the east, Moscow Oblast in the northeast, the federal city of Moscow, and Smolensk Oblast in the northwest. 

Kaluga Oblast has a continental climate.

## Demographics 
According to the results of the 2010 Census, the population of the oblast is 1,010,930; down from 1,041,641 recorded in the 2002 Census, and further down from 1,066,833 recorded in the 1989 Census.

* Births: 11 835 (11.8 per 1000)
* Deaths: 15 806 (15.7 per 1000) 
* **Total fertility rate:**

: 2014 - 1.69 | 2015 - 1.84 | 2016 - 1.79 (e)
:

### Ethnic groups 
### Largest cities and towns 
## Administrative and municipal divisions 
Kaluga Oblast is divided into twenty-four districts and four cities of oblast significance.

## Notable people 
* Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935) — rocket scientist.
* Saint Ambrose of Optina (1812–1891) — a minister of the Russian Orthodox Church, Hieromonk.

### Born on the territory of modern Kaluga Oblast 
* Georgy Zhukov (1896—1974), Soviet military leader, the Marshal of the Soviet Union (as of 1943)
* Eudoxia Lopukhina (1669—1731), Tsarina, the first wife of Peter the Great
* Yevdokiya Streshneva (1608—1645), Tsarina, the second wife of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
* Pafnuty Chebyshev (1821—1894), Russian mathematician and mechanical engineer
* Mikhail Yanshin (1902—1976), Soviet actor and film director
* Tatiana Shevtsova (b. 1969), Russian Deputy Minister of Defence

## References 

## Other websites 
* 
* Official website of Kaluga Oblast 
* Official website of Anatoly Artamonov, Governor of Kaluga Oblast
All Mixed Up (The Cars song)

"**All Mixed Up**" is a 1978 song by American rock new wave band The Cars and is the closing track from their debut album *The Cars*. It was released as a single in the Netherlands.
The Jeremy Kyle Show

***The Jeremy Kyle Show*** was a British tabloid talk show. 

It was hosted by Jeremy Kyle and produced by ITV Studios. It premiered on ITV on July 4, 2005 and lasted 17 series until its cancellation on May 10, 2019. It was the most popular show on ITV. It aired in sessions, weekday morning and attracted 1 million viewers. It replaced the chat show *Trisha*.

## Features
The show is based on the confrontation of the guests trying to solve personal problems. It is often related to family and romantic relationships, sex and addiction. It features psychotherapist Graham Steiner, who assists guests during and after the show, and uses a polygraph, despite a lack of scientific evidence to support its use.
## Controversies
***The Jeremy Kyle Show*** has been controversial for placing guests in confrontational situations. They often punished guests considered suspicious or morally irresponsible, while emphasizing the importance of values, traditional family, while guests often express strong emotions such as anger and pain. 
## Cancellation
ITV countered claims that guests on the show were mistreated and misled by investigators. But a judge described the show as "human bear bait" in prosecuting the guests for violent behavior on the show". On May 15, 2019, the show was cancelled due to the suicide suspicion of a guest whose appearance was filmed but not aired the last week of May 15, 2019.
Wired for Sound

***Wired for Sound*** is the 24th studio album by English singer Cliff Richard and released in September 1981. It went to number 4 in the album charts in New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

## Track listing 
All songs written and composed by Alan Tarney except where indicated.

;Side one
# "Wired for Sound" (Tarney, B. A. Robertson) – 3:36
# "Once in a While" – 4:38
# "Better Than I Know Myself" (Dave Cooke, Judy MacKenzie) – 3:39
# "Oh No, Don't Let Go" – 3:37
# "'Cos I Love That Rock 'n' Roll" – 4:10

;Side two

"Broken Doll" (Eric Goulden, Walter Hacon) – 4:15
"Lost in a Lonely World" (Chris Eaton) – 4:01
"Summer Rain" (Eaton) – 4:15
"Young Love" – 4:03
"Say You Don't Mind" (does not appear on the US release) – 4:01
"Daddy's Home" (live) (James Sheppard, William Miller) – 2:56

;2001 reissue bonus tracks:

"Shakin' All Over" (live) (Frederick Heath) (B-side of "Daddy's Home") – 2:43
"Hold On" (B-side of "Wired for Sound") – 3:43

## References
Amur Oblast

**Amur Oblast** () is a federal subject of Russia. Specifically, it is an oblast. It is on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The administrative centre (capital city) of the oblast is Blagoveshchensk. Blagoveshchensk is one of the oldest cities in the Russian Far East. It was founded in 1856. It is a center of trade and gold mining. Two major railways run through Amur Oblast. These are the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline. As of the 2024 Census, the oblast's population was&nbsp;750,083. 

**Amur Krai** () or **Priamurye** () were unofficial names for the Russian territories by the Amur River. They were used in the old Russian Empire.

## Geography 
Amur Oblast is in southeast Russia. It is between the Stanovoy Range in the north and the Amur River in the south. It borders the Sakha Republic in the north, Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the east, Chinese Heilongjiang in the south, and Zabaykalsky Krai in the west. 

Several mountain ranges rise to the south of Stanovoy Range. This includes the Selemdzha Range parallel to it, as well as the Ezop, Yam-Alin, and the Turan ranges.

Many rivers flow through the oblast, mainly in the north. This gives 75% of the hydropower resources in the Russian Far East. Most of the oblast is in the Amur River's drainage basin. The longest rivers in Amur Oblast include the Amur, Bureya, Gilyuy, Nyukzha, Olyokma, Selemdzha, and Zeya.

### Natural resources 
Amur Oblast has large reserves of many mineral resources. The proven resources are estimated to be worth US$400 billion. Some of the most important are gold (the largest amounts in Russia), silver, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, iron, and tin. There are also an estimated 70 billion tons of black coal and lignite reserves.

## History 
The region has been home to many Mongolic peoples and the Manchus for millennia. It was settled by Russians through the 17th-19th centuries to the present. This growth of Russians was at its height during the building of the Trans-Siberian Railroad and after it was built. 

In April 1920, the Far Eastern Republic was created from the Amur, Transbaikal, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Primorye regions as a buffer state. It was created to  war with Japan. The Far Eastern Republic joined the RSFSR in November 1922. Amur Oblast was created in 1948.

## Administrative divisions 
The largest urban divisions of the oblast are Blagoveshchensk, Belogorsk, Svobodny, Tynda, and Raychikhinsk.

## Demographics 
**Population**: 

According to the 2010 Census, ethnic Russians, at 775,590, made up 94.3% of the population. Other main ethnic groups include Ukrainians at 16,636 (2%), Belarusians at 4,162 (0.5%), and Tatars at 3,406 (0.4%). The rest of the  identified with over 120 different ethnic groups. Each of these smaller ethnic groups made up less than 0.5% of the population.

### Largest cities and towns 
## Economy 
 in Amur Oblast]]
Gross regional product per capita in 2007 was 131,039.60 rubles, while the national average was 198,817 rubles.

## Sister province 
*  Chungnam, South Korea

## References 

## Other websites 
*
Washington Grove, Maryland

**Washington Grove** is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. 505 people lived there in 2020. The center of the town is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## References
Self-care

**Self-care** is the process of taking care of your own health on a physical and psychological level.   These include diet, sleep, personal hygiene, social interactions, exercise and recreation.   

## Origin and history 
Although the name suggests its origin in modern times, the origins can be traced back to Socrates in ancient Greece.  Before the 20th century , self-care was still closely tied to wealth . It was not until that time that the middle class was able to afford it.  With the release of "Caring for Yourself." 1986 by Michel Foucault, the topic is taken up again in another way. The aim (goal) is to get to know yourself there, to identify mistakes and harmful behavior in order to eliminate or change them.  

## Influencing factors 
### Supporting Factors 
There are many factors that support self-care, including: 

*Motivation through human contact and empathy 
*Tailored Interventions 
*Supportive social environment 
*Easier communication with social environment and medical professionals 
competency-based approaches to building self-care skills
routine 

### Hindering Factors 
The hindering factors are factors that stabilize a lack of self-care or make improvement more difficult:

*Attachment to Unhealthy Habits. This can be about the social environment.
*Lack of motivation to change
*Difficulty maintaining healthy habits over the long term 
*Mental health challenges 

## Related pages 
*executive functions
*activities of daily living
*resilience

## References
Great Southern Land

"**Great Southern Land**" is a 1982 song by Australian new wave band Icehouse. It is the leading single from their second studio album *Primitive Man*. It went to number 5 in Australia and number 10 in New Zealand. It was used in the 1988 movie *Young Einstein*.

## Track listing
All tracks were written by Iva Davies.

### 7" single (Australian release)
# "Great Southern Land" - 5:07
# "Uniform" - 4:03

### 12" single (Australian release)
# "Great Southern Land" - 5:05
# "Uniform" (extended mix) - 6:02

### 7" single (U.S. release)
# "Great Southern Land" (edit)
# "Great Southern Land" (album version)

### 1994 single (German release)
# "Great Southern Land" (1994 version) - 3:47
# "Dedicated To Glam" (12" mix) - 4:25
# "Great Southern Land" (original version) - 5:16

## References
Pedri

**Pedro González López** (born 25 November 2002), known as **Pedri**, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for La Liga club Barcelona and the Spain national team.

## References
Neto (footballer, born 1989)

**Norberto Murara Neto** (born 19 July 1989), commonly known as **Neto** (), is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Botafogo.

## Career statistics 
### Club
## Honours
**Juventus**
*Serie A: 2015–16, 2016–17
*Coppa Italia: 2015–16, 2016–17
*Supercoppa Italiana: 2015
*UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2016–17

**Valencia**

## References
## References
Hey Little Girl

"**Hey Little Girl**" is a 1982 song by Australian new wave band Icehouse and is the second single from their second studio album *Primitive Man*. It went to number 2 in Switzerland, number 7 in Australia and number 9 in Austria and New Zealand.

## Track listing
All tracks written by Iva Davies.

### 7" single (Australian/NZ release)
# "Hey Little Girl" – 3:53
# "Glam" (dance remix) – 6:40

### 7" single (UK/Europe release)
# "Hey Little Girl" – 4:10
# "Love in Motion" – 3:34

### 12" single (Australian/NZ release)
# "Hey Little Girl" (extended dance remix) — 6:59
# "Glam" — 3:18
# "Glam" (extended dance remix) — 6:38

### 12" single (UK/Europe release)
# "Hey Little Girl" (disco edit mix) – 7:00
# "Hey Little Girl" – 3:40
# "Can't Help Myself" (club disco mix) – 5:58

### 7" single (US release)
# "Hey Little Girl" – 3:40
# "Mysterious Thing" – 4:21

### 12" single (US release)
# "Hey Little Girl" (extended version) – 6:11
# "Hey Little Girl (dub version) – 6:14

### CD single (German release)
# "Hey Little Girl" (radio edit) – 3:45
# "Hey Little Girl" (future house single) – 3:40
# "Hey Little Girl" (x/tended edit) – 4:59
# "Hey Little Girl" (DJ Darling vs DJ Sören) – 6:40
# "Hey Little Girl" (original version) – 4:22

### 12" version (German release)
# "Hey Little Girl" (DJ Darling vs DJ Sören) – 6:40
# "Hey Little Girl" (future house single) – 3:40
# "Hey Little Girl" (X/tended edit) – 4:59
# "Hey Little Girl" (radio edit) – 3:45
## References
Skipper Clement

Klemen Andersen "Skipper Clement" (Around 1484 – 9 September 1536) was a Danish merchant, captain, privateer. He was also the leader of the peasant rebellion that was part of the civil war known as the Count's Feud (Grevens Fejde).

## Background 
Clement was born to a farmer family in Aaby parish (Aaby Sogn in Kjer Herred) in the district of Vendsyssel in North Jutland. He became a merchant in Aalborg and later captain and vice admiral in the navy of King Christian II of Denmark.

## Count's Feud 
On 16 October 1534 the peasant army of Clement, re-enforced with professional soldiers from Count Christoffer, met the army of the Jutland nobility that had been sent to crush the revolt. King Christian III of Denmark made a separate peace with Count Christoffer and his general Johan Rantzau was freed to fight the peasant revolt. In December 1534, the army of Johan Rantzau defeated the peasant army which had retreated to Aalborg and strengthened the defences of the city. After a hard battle, Rantzau's army overcame the defences  and killed as many as 2,000 people.

## Evaluation 
As the last active, and maybe most famous and important peasant rebel in Danish history he might be viewed as a Danish parallel of Wat Tyler in England, Thomas Muntzer in Germany and Yemelyan Pugachev in Russia.
Hungry Like the Wolf

"**Hungry Like the Wolf**" is the fifth single by English new wave band Duran Duran and taken from their second studio album *Rio*. It went to number 1 in Canada, number 3 in the United States, number 4 in Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa and number 5 in the United Kingdom and Australia. It won a Grammy Award in 1984.

## References
Zenyatta Mondatta

***Zenyatta Mondatta*** (stylised as ***Zenyattà Mondatta*** on the album cover artwork) is the third studio album by English band The Police and released on 3 October, 1980 through A&M Records. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and Australia, number 2 in Canada, the Netherlands and Italy, number 3 in New Zealand and number 5 in Germany and the United States. The album went on to win 2 Grammy Awards.

## Track listing
## References
Chocolate Salty Balls

"**Chocolate Salty Balls (P.S. I Love You)**" is a 1998 song from the TV series *South Park*. It is sung by American soul singer Isaac Hayes. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and Ireland and performed poorly in France where it made number 82.

## References
Otto Roffel

**Otto Roffel** (4 June 1927 – 25 September 2022) was a Dutch footballer goalkeeper.

Roffel played with GVAV (the predecessor of FC Groningen). Between 1947 and 1964 he played 384 matches. He played his first match when he was 20 years old. Next, Roffel had to go to the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) for his military service. He became professional in 1955. Roffel was described as one of the best keepers of his era in the Netherlands. He also played for the Netherlands national B-team. He was selected for the Netherlands national team twice, but he did not appear for the national team.

In 2015 Roffel was honored at the sports park of the football association in Groningen. Two photos of Roffel have been painted with graffiti on a container next to the main field.

Roffel died in Amstelveen on 25 September 2022, aged 95.

## References
Gerrit Borghuis

**Gerrit Borghuis** (7 December 1939 –  27 September 2022) was a Dutch footballer.

Borghuis was a midfielder. He played six international matches for under-19 national team. Borghuis played 154 matches for GVAV between 1958 and 1963. He later also played with Go Ahead Eagles, Heracles Almelo, DWS, Kansas City Spurs and PEC Zwolle. 

Borghuis was the grandson of footballer Maarten Pouwels.

Borghuis died in September of 2022, aged 82.

## References
Jentsje Popma

**Jentsje Lammerts Popma** (30 September 1921 – 28 September 2022) was a Dutch painter and sculptor. He held many expositions and was awarded many prizes for his works. Sculptors of Popma are in the public area. Works of Popma are in collections of Stadsarchief Rotterdam and the Fries Museum.

One of his first prizes he received was in 1947 by the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague, for  painted nude person. But also after his career. In 2007 he received in "Pommeranten" price in Leeuwarden. His last award was in 2021, the Friese Anjer.

Popma died in Leeuwarden on 28 September 2022, two days before his 101st birthday.

## References
Ätran

**Ätran** may refer to:

*Ätran (river), river in south-western Sweden
*Ätran (locality), locality in Falkenberg Municipality, Sweden, named after the river
Menno Meyer

**Menno Meyer** also written as **Menno Meijer** (16 February 1930 – 30 September 2022) was a Dutch jewelry designer and metal artist. He became internationally known and was repeatedly awarded for his works. One of his first awards was the "Gold Medal" of the Bavarian government in München in 1963.

Meyer was trained as silversmith at the Vakschool Schoonhoven and pursued a design education at the Fachhochschule Pforzheim in Germany. Meyer was the seventh generation of jewelry designers in a family hailing from Rotterdam. 

After completing his studies in Germany, Meyer took over the family business, and, in collaboration with his wife and co-designer Helma Winter, started experimenting with new designs and materials such as brass, bronze, enamel, plexiglass, stainless steel, and titanium.

Meyer quickly became part of a group of leading designers gaining fame for their modern and expressive jewelry. He was successful thanks to his commercial insight and business entrepreneurship. 

His works were shown regularly both in The Netherlands and abroad. In the early Seventies, Meyer opened his own showroom adjacent to his workshop in Gouda.

A gifted sailor and part of the preselection for the Dutch sailing team for the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico, Meyer also made modern jewelry and trophies for water sports. Many trophies created by Meyer are still in use, such as for the Sneekweek and the Menno Meyer Corinthian European Trophy of the Melges 24 sailing class. 

Meyer was much requested as judge for the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) and attended many international sailing competitions around the World. In this capacity he introduced innovative, artistically designed "protest sets" to make the work of protest committees easier.

Since 1973, Meyer had his gallery at a historic location in Gouda, the so-called "Tapijthuis," arguably the oldest building in Gouda. For 49 years, Meyer exhibited his work there, as well as that of other artists with whom Meyer had an artistic bond. The “Art Marathons” organized by Meyer in his gallery were a leading and well-attended annual highlight in the Gouda event calendar.

Inspired by the climate crisis, Meyer from 2019 onwards began creating objects and paintings from reused materials such as stainless steel. 

Images of his creations can be found in the jewelry book of the Rijksmuseum: "Sieraden van het Rijksmuseum". Meyer also created works for the public space. One of his largest works can be found at Museumhaven Gouda. One of his last major works is located in Gouda at the Ronssehof.

Meyer passed away in Bodegraven on 30 September 2022, aged 92.

## References
Amur pike

The **Amur pike** (*Esox reichertii*) is a pike native to the Amur River system in east Asia, as well as freshwater habitat on the island of Sakhalin. It is also known as the **blackspotted pike**. It is closely related to the northern pike. It reaches a length of 115 cm (3 ft 9 in), a weight of 12.5 kg (28 lb), sporting a silvery body with small, black spots. Like other pike, this species is prized for sport fishing.
## References
## Other websites 
* Amur pike  at USGS
Umbridae

**Umbridae** is a family of fish in the order Esociformes, which contains pike, pickerel, and mudminnows. The single living genus, *Umbra*, occupies weed-choked freshwater habitats in eastern North America and eastern Europe. 
## Studies
While the family contained the genera *Umbra*, *Novumbra*, and *Dallia*, recent studies have recovered this grouping as paraphyletic, with *Novumbra* and *Dallia* being moved to the family Esocidae.
Esocidae

**Esocidae** is a family of fish in the order Esociformes, which contains pike, pickerel, and mudminnows.

## Studies
While the family only contained the genus *Esox*, recent studies have recovered *Novumbra* and *Dallia* as members of the family Esocidae, being closer related to *Esox* than *Umbra*. Fossil specimens from the Mesozoic in North America have been assigned as two additional genera in this family.
Efringen-Kirchen

**Efringen-Kirchen** is a municipality in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  
*  Information about and images
Rahden

**Rahden** is a town in Minden-Lübbecke in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 15,000 people live there.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Osmeriformes

The **Osmeriformes** /ɒsˈmɛrɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an order of ray-finned fish. It includes the **true or freshwater smelts and allies**, such as the galaxiids and noodlefishes; they are also called **osmeriforms**. They belong to the teleost superorder Protacanthopterygii, which also includes pike and salmon etc. 
## Naming
The order's name means "smelt-shaped", from *Osmerus* (the type genus) + the standard fish order suffix "-formes". 

It derives from Ancient Greek *osmé* (ὀσμή, "pungent smell") + Latin *forma* ("external form"), the former in reference to the characteristic aroma of the flesh of *Osmerus*.
Benevolent dictatorship

A **benevolent dictatorship** is a government that has a leader considered by some as a dictator but has the support of the people, unlike a malevolent dictator who only focuses on them selves, their government and their supporters. In benevolent dictatorships, there is some freedom of speech and democracy.

## Leaders sometimes called benevolent dictators

File:Ataturk1930s.jpg|Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, President of Turkey from 1923 - 1938.
File:Josip Broz Tito uniform portrait.jpg|Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia from 1953 - 1980.
File:France Albert-René.png|France Albert-René, President of the Seychelles from 1977 - 2004.
File:Frank Bainimarama November 2014.jpg|Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji from 2007 - 2022.
File:Karlis Ulmanis.jpg|Kārlis Ulmanis, Leader of Latvia from 1934 - 1940
File:Lee Kuan Yew cropped.jpg|Lee Kuan Yew ran Singapore from 1959 to 1990.
File:Saddam Hussein in 1998.png|Saddam Hussein President of Iraq from 1979-2003

## Related pages
* Dictator
* Dictatorship

## References
Acanthopterygii

**Acanthopterygii** (meaning "spiny-finned one" ) is a superorder of fish in the class Actinopterygii. Members of this superorder are sometimes called **ray-finned fishes** by other people for the characteristic sharp, bony rays in their fins. That refers to the Actinopterygii. They are referred to as **spiny-finned fishes**.

## Taxonomy 
The superorder Acanthopterygii contains the following orders:

* Series Berycida
** Order Beryciformes, alfonsinos, whalefishes and pricklefishes
** Order Trachichthyiformes, pinecone fishes and slimeheads or roughies
** Holocentriformes, soldier fishes and squirrel fishes
* Series Percomorpha
** Subseries Ophidiida
*** Order Ophidiiformes, cusk-eels
** Subseries Batrachoidida
*** Order Batrachoidiformes, toadfishes
** Subseries Gobiida
*** Order Kurtiformes, nurseryfishes and cardinalfishes
*** Order Gobiiformes, gobies
** Subseries Ovalentaria
*** Order Mugiliformes, the mullets
*** Order Cichliformes, cichlids
*** Order Blenniiformes, blennies
*** Order Gobiesociformes, the clingfishes
*** Order Atheriniformes, including silversides and rainbowfishes
*** Order Beloniformes, including the flyingfishes
*** Order Cyprinodontiformes, including livebearers, killifishes
** Subseries *incertae sedis*
*** Order Synbranchiformes, including the swamp eels
*** Order Carangiformes, jacks and trevallies
*** Order Istiophoriformes, barracudas and billfishes
*** Order Anabantiformes, labyrinth fishes
*** Order Pleuronectiformes, the flatfishes
** Subseries *incertae sedis*
*** Order Syngnathiformes, including the seahorses and pipefishes
*** Order Icosteiformes, the ragfish
*** Order Callionymiformes, dragonets and slope dragonets
*** Order Scombriformes, mackerels and tuna
*** Order Trachiniformes, including sandfishes and relatives
*** Order Labriformes, wrasses and relatives
*** Order Perciformes, diverse order including perches, basses, gouramis, scats, whitings, sticklebacks and snappers
*** Order Scorpaeniformes, including the scorpionfishes
*** Order Moroniformes, temperate basses, sicklefishes and spadefishes
*** Order Acanthuriformes, surgeonfishes and relatives
*** Order Spariformes, breams and porgies
*** Order Caproiformes, boarfishes
*** Order Lophiiformes, anglerfishes
*** Order Tetraodontiformes, plectognaths including the filefishes and pufferfishes

## References 
# Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). *Fishes of the World* (5th ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. 
# Betancur-Rodriguez; et al. (2016). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4". *Deepfin*. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Szolnok

**Szolnok** () is the county seat of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in central Hungary. It is a city with county rights. It is on the banks of the Tisza river, in the heart of the Great Hungarian Plain. This has made it an important cultural and economic crossroads for centuries. Szolnok also has one of Hungary’s best waterpolo teams.

## Demographics 
In 2001, the population of Szolnok consisted of 98% Hungarian, 1% Gypsy, and 1% people of other nationalities (mainly German).

Szolnok's population reached its highest level in 1989 with almost 82,000 people. Since then it has been slowly going down.

## Notable people 
### Born in Szolnok 
* Ferenc Anisits (born 1938) engineer, founder of BMW Diesel Development Center
* Rev Peter Bedekovics (born 1989) Reformed minister, national chair of the Hungarian Scout Association
* Csaba Horváth (1930–2004) chemical engineer and inventor of HPLC
* Zoltán Jeney (1943–2019) composer
* Gina Kanizsa (born 1988), jazz singer
* Hedvig Karakas (born 1990) Olympic Judoka
* Katalin Karikó (born 1955) biochemist, senior vice president at BioNTech
* Ferenc Molnár (born 1982), Hungarian singer
* Arpád Račko (1930–2015) Slovak sculptor
* Gábor Szabó, architect
* Gizella Tary (1884–1960) Olympic fencer

### Lived in Szolnok 
* Bertalan Farkas (born 1949), cosmonaut
* Martin Nedić (1810–1895) Croatian poet
* Viktor Orbán (born 1963), prime minister
* Gábor Szegő (1895–1985), mathematician

## International relations 
A public transport stop in the Estonian city of Tallinn is named for Szolnok.

### Twin towns – sister cities 
Szolnok is twinned with:

* Baia Mare, Romania (1990)
* Bengbu, China
* Bielsko-Biała, Poland (1995)
* Eastwood, England, UK (2006)
* Forlì, Italy (1998)
* Jinzhong, China
* Rakvere, Estonia (2008)
* Reutlingen, Germany (1990)
* Riihimäki, Finland (1969)
* Sanmenxia, China (2008)
* Shoham, Israel (2001)
* Yuza, Japan (2004)

## References 

## Other websites 
* Official site  in Hungarian, English and German
* Aerial photography of Szolnok
* Museum of Hungarian Aviation
* Transmitter station Szolnok
Winok Bourel

**Winok Bourel** (1 November 1802 – 4 October 1880) was a Dutch language speaking rederijker and folk calligrapher.

Winok Bourel was born in Eecke on 1 November 1802. He became an official poet of the local chamber of rhetoric, a dramas and lyrics society closely connected with local civic leaders. After the foundation of the Flemish Committee of France, he was a corresponding member. Winok wrote poems and also some verses in Dutch language. He wrote for important occasions illuminated with folk motifs. These occasions included marriages, anniversaries and deaths. Bourel was one of the last rhetoricians from the Westhoek.

Bourel died in Eecke on 4 October 1880, aged 77.

## References
Amiiformes

**Amiiformes**, also known as the **bowfins**, is an order of fish. The order has only two extant fish, the bowfin and the eyespot bowfin. Even though this order has two extant fish, there are others that were gone. The genus *Sinamia* died already. After death, these prehistoric freshwater Amiiformes turned into fossils.

## Members 
### Amiidae 
The Amiidae is a family of basal freshwater ray-finned fish. Bowfins (*Amia calva*) are found throughout eastern North America, typically in slow-moving backwaters, canals, and oxbow lakes.

#### Bowfin 
The bowfin is a primitive bony fish in the genus *Amia* that lives in North America.

#### *Amia ocellicauda* 
*Amia ocellicauda* is a species of bowfin native to North America. It was synonymized with *Amia calva* until genetic work in 2022 revealed them to be separate species.

### Sinamiidae 
Sinamiidae is an extinct family of freshwater halecomorph fish endemic to Early Cretaceous freshwater environments in East and Southeast Asia.

#### *Sinamia* 
*Sinamia* is an extinct genus of freshwater fish which existed in China, Japan, and possibly South Korea during the Early Cretaceous period.

#### *Siamamia* 
*Siamamia* is an extinct genus of freshwater ray-finned fish from northeastern, Thailand.

### *Caturus* 
*Caturus* is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.

## References
Yellow perch

The **yellow perch** (*Perca flavescens*), commonly referred to as **perch**, **striped perch**, **American perch**, **American river perch,** or **preacher**, is a species of fish native to much of North America. The yellow perch are usually a yellow golden color with these olive-green stripes on the side of their bodies. 

It is closely related, and morphologically similar to the European perch, but this fish is not the type species. The yellow perch or *Perca flavescens* was caught in May 1865 in Bordentown, New Jersey by Dr. C. Abbot. It is the longest-standing record for a freshwater fish in North America. The life history of yellow perch shows that the females generally reach their maximum size faster, mature later on, and live longer than males.

## References
# Purchase, C. F., Collins, N. C., Morgan, G. E., & Shuter, B. J. (2005). Predicting Life History Traits of Yellow Perch from Environmental Characteristics of Lakes. *Transactions of the American Fisheries Society*, *134*(5), 1369–1381.
John Frizzell (composer)

**John Frizzell** (born 1966) is an American movie and television composer. 
## Television scores 
* *Beavis and Butt-head*
* *King of the Hill*

## Movie scores 
### 1995 
* *Whose Daughter Is She?*
* *It Was Him or Us*

### 1996 
* *Deadly Pursuits*
* *Undertow*
* *Red Ribbon Blues*
* ''The Rich Man's Wife*
* *Crime of the Century*
* *The Empty Mirror*

### 1997 
* *Opposite Corners*
* *Dante's Peak*
* *Alien Resurrection*

### 1998 
* *Mafia!* (as Gianni Frizzelli)
* *I Still Know What You Did Last Summer*

### 1999 
* *Teaching Mrs. Tingle*
* *The White River Kid*
* *Office Space*
* *Beavis and Butt-Head Do America*

### 2000 
* *Beautiful*
* *Lockdown*
* *Possessed*
* *King of the Hill: The Movie*

### 2001 
* *Josie and the Pussycats*
* *James Dean*
* *Thirteen Ghosts*

### 2002 
* *Slap Shot 2: Breaking the Ice*
* *Ghost Ship*

### 2003 
* *Gods and Generals*
* *Cradle 2 the Grave*
* *The Whizzard of Ow*

### 2004 
* *The Goodbye Girl*
* *Karroll's Christmas*

### 2005 
* *The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio*
* *Four Minutes*
* *Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price*

### 2006 
* *A Little Thing Called Murder*
* *Stay Alive*
* *The Woods*

### 2007 
* *Careless*
* *Primeval*
* *First Born*
* *The Reaping*
* *Black Irish*
* *Beneath*

### 2008 
* *Henry Poole Is Here*
* *Wisegal*
* *100 Feet*
* *Tenure*

### 2009 
* *Evil Angel*
* *The Lodger*
* *From Mexico with Love*
* *Whiteout*

### 2010 
* *Legion*
* *Shelter*

### 2011 
* *The Roommate*

### 2013 
* *Texas Chainsaw 3D*

### 2014 
* *The Loft*

### 2016 
* *When the Bough Breaks*

### 2017 
* *Leatherface*

### 2018 
* *The Possession of Hannah Grace*

### 2020 
* *Zappa*

### 2022 
* *Beavis and Butt-Head Do the Universe''

## Other websites 
* 

* John Frizzell Biography
Peacock flounder

The **peacock flounder** (*Bothus mancus*), also known as the **flowery flounder**, is a species of fish in the family Bothidae (lefteye flounders).
## References
Kostroma Oblast

**Kostroma Oblast** (, *Kostromskaya oblast*) is a federal subject of Russia. Specifically, it is an oblast. Its administrative center (capital city) is the city of Kostroma. Its population as of the 2010 Census is&nbsp;667,562. It was created in 1944 on territory taken from bordering Yaroslavl Oblast.

Textile industries have been in Kostroma Oblast since the early 18th century. Its major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev.

## Geography 
Kostroma Oblast borders Vologda Oblast in the north, Kirov Oblast in the east, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Ivanovo Oblast in the south, and Yaroslavl Oblast in the west. The main rivers are the Volga and the Kostroma. Much of the area is covered by forests, making it one of the main timber-producing regions in Europe.

## Administrative divisions 
## Demographics 
Population: 667,562 (2010 Census); 

## References
Tabor tree frog

The **tabor tree frog** (*Hyloscirtus lascinius*) is a frog. It lives on the east side of the Andes mountains in South America.  It lives in Colombia and Venezuela.

## References
No More Mr. Nice Guy (song)

"**No More Mr. Nice Guy**" is a song by American rock band Alice Cooper. It was released in 1973, and is a single from the band's album *Billion Dollar Babies*. The song reached number 25 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 music chart and number 10 on UK music charts.

## References
Percidae

**Percidae** is a family of ray-finned fish. They are endemic to freshwater environments around the world. They live in rivers and lakes.

## Characteristics 
The family is characterized by having the dorsal fin split into two which are normally separated or have a narrow connection, although this is wider in the genus *Zingel*.

## Systematics 
* Subfamily Percinae Rafinesque, 1815
** Genus *Perca* Linnaeus, 1758
* Subfamily Luciopercinae Jordan & Evermann, 1896
** Genus *Sander* Oken, 1817

* Subfamily Etheostomatinae Agassiz, 1850
** Genus *Ammocrypta* Jordan, 1877
** Genus *Etheostoma* Rafinesque, 1817
** Genus *Nothonotus* Putnam, 1863
** Genus *Percina* Haldeman, 1842

* Subfamily Percarininae Gill, 1861
** Genus *Percarina* Nordmann, 1840

### Fossil genera 
* †*Mioplosus* Cope, 1877
* †*Priscacara* Cope, 1877

## References
Luis Walter Alvarez

**Luis Walter Alvarez** (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) was an American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968.
Presidency of Barack Obama

Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. Obama, a Democrat from Illinois, took office following his victory over Republican nominee John McCain in the 2008 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2012 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee Mitt Romney, to win re-election. Obama is the first African American president, the first multiracial president, the first non-white president, and the first president born in Hawaii. Obama was succeeded by Republican Donald Trump, who won the 2016 presidential election. Historians and political scientists rank him among the upper tier in historical rankings of American presidents.
Durham

**Durham** may refer to:

## Places
### United Kingdom
*Durham, England, a cathedral city and the county town of County Durham
*County Durham, an English county
### United States
*Durham, California
*Durham, Connecticut, a New England town
*Durham, Maine
*Durham County, North Carolina, a county in North Carolina, United States
*Durham, North Carolina, a city in North Carolina, United States
*Durham, New Hampshire, a New England town
*Durham, Oregon

## Other uses 
* Durham Cathedral
* Durham University, a university in Durham, England
Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast

**Kurgan** () is the largest city and the administrative center (capital city) of Kurgan Oblast. It is in the south of the Urals Federal District of Russia. Population: 309,285 (2021 Census), 

Kurgan was named **Tsaryovo Gorodishche** until 1782.

## History 
The city was settled between 1659 and 1662 as **Tsaryovo Gorodishche** (, meaning *Imperial Citadel*). It was used as a fortress town against attacks from nomads. It was given city status by Catherine the Great in 1782 as **Kurgan**. Its present name came from a large kurgan (burial mound) close to the city.

## Economy and military 
Kurgan is on the Trans-Siberian Railway line, between Yekaterinburg and Omsk. It has two railway stations and the Kurgan Airport. It was home to the Kurgan West air base during the Cold War. It is also home to Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics, KAvZ autobus plant, and the machine building company Kurganmashzavod which produces the widely known BMP-1, BMP-2 and BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles.

## Climate 
Kurgan has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification *Dfb*). It has cold winters and warm summers.

## Gallery 

File:Kurgan. Lenin Square (WR).tif|
File:Marshal Golikov avenue Kurgan.jpg|Marshal Golikov avenue
File:Philarmony Kurgan.jpg|
File:Drama theatre Kurgan.jpg|
File:Г. Курган - panoramio (60).jpg|Cinema "Rossiya"
File:Куйбышева 19 Дом Кюхельбекера.JPG|Wilhelm Küchelbecker house museum
File:Theotokos of Port Arthur church Kurgan.jpg|Russian Orthodox Church Theotokos of Port Arthur church
File:Храм Александра Невского. Город Курган.jpg|Russian Orthodox Church 
File:Г. Курган - panoramio (59).jpg|Main post office
File:Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast, Russia - panoramio (2).jpg|Kurgan Airport
File:Вокзал станции Курган.JPG|
File:Г. Курган - panoramio (1).jpg|Central market
File:РНЦ ВТО им. Елизарова - panoramio.jpg|Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics
File:Главная проходная КМЗ - panoramio.jpg|Kurganmashzavod
File:Kurgan 2014 5.jpg|City center of culture and leisure
File:Климова 47 Дом Дунаева.JPG|Children's art school
File:Авиамузей. Су-25 и Ил-14. Курган - panoramio.jpg|
File:Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast, Russia - panoramio.jpg|River Tobol

## International relations 
### Twin towns and sister cities 
Kurgan is twinned with:

*  Appleton, United States
*  Rufina, Italy

## References 

## Other websites 
* Official website of Kurgan 
* Kurgan news portal 
* Cultural heritage of Kurgan
Consumer Protection Act, 1986

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (COPRA) was an Act by the Parliament of India. It aimed to protect the interests of consumers in India. 

It was replaced by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. It was made for the establishment of consumer councils and other authorities to settle consumer's grievances and matters connected with it. The act was passed in Assembly in October 1986 and came into force on December 24, 1986. The statute on the right was made before this COPRA act 1986.