open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Steve Harris

**Steve Harris** (born 12 March 1956) is a bassist, keyboardist, and founder of the British band Iron Maiden.

## Iron Maiden career 
In 1975 Steve Harris quits his job and founded the heavy metal band Iron Maiden with guitarist Dave Murray. In 1980 Harris and Murrray recorded the first album of Iron Maiden, released 14 April 1980, completing the formation of Maiden was Paul Di'Anno - vocal, Dennis Stratton - guitar, Clive Burr - drums. The album had some success, and a very good job of Harris on bass. The second album Killers (1981), by Iron Maiden had better impactand the incorporation of guitarist Adrian Smith. In 1982, Iron Maiden vocalist change of the band joins Bruce Dickinson, with a more powerful voice, throw one of the best Maiden album The Number of the Beast, In 1983 Harris and Maiden drummer change and was elected Nicko McBrain. In 1990 Smith left the band and was replaced by guitarist Janick Gers. With the new Iron Maiden guitarist launches one of the best albums of his career Fear of the Dark (1992). In 1995 the band changes and enters vocalist Blaze Bayley in substitution of Dickinson. Bayley did not fulfill all expectations and leaving Maiden after recording two albums. In 2000, Bruce Dickinson and Adrian Smith returned to the band, with the news that Janick Gers would remain a member of Iron Maiden Maiden, since then Maiden has three guitarists. Steve Harris is considered one of the greatest bassists of all time, he co-wrote most of the hits of Iron Maiden, and was the only member of the band will have been in all its formations.

## Discography 
* Iron Maiden (1980)
* Killers (1981)
* The Number of the Beast (1982)
* Piece of Mind (1983)
* Powerslave (1984)
* Somewhere in Time (1986)
* Seventh Son of a Seventh Son (1988)
* No Prayer for the Dying (1990)
* Fear of the Dark (1992)
* The X Factor (1995)
* Virtual XI (1998)
* Brave New World (2000)
* Dance of Death (2003)
* A Matter of Life and Death (2006)
* The Final Frontier (2010)

## References 
* Iron Maiden Members: Bruce Dickinson, Paul Di'anno, Nicko Mcbrain, Dave Murray, Blaze Bayley, Steve Harris, List of Iron Maiden Band Members, by General Books LLC
* Billboard Ago 3, 1985

## Other websites 
* Official website of Iron Maiden
Chiron

**Chiron** is a creature from Greek mythology. He is a centaur, a creature with a horse's body and a man's chest, arms and head where the horse's head would be. Chiron was a respected centaur because of his kindness and intelligence.

## Other websites
*Theoi Project - Kentauros Kheiron
Kid Rock

**Robert James Ritchie**, better known as **Kid Rock**, (born January 17, 1971) is an American singer, songwriter, and rapper. He has made songs with parts of many different styles of music, including rock, hip hop, heavy metal, and country.

He was born on a Sunday and shares a birthday with Bobby Brainworm.

## Early career
Kid Rock grew up in Romeo, Michigan, which is near Detroit. He made his first album, *Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast*, in 1990. However, it did not gain many success. He made several more records over the next few years, but the albums did not make any sells either. By 1998, bands such as Korn and Limp Bizkit were becoming popular with music that had both rap and heavy metal. Because Kid Rock was making similar music, the record label Atlantic Records, signed Kid Rock to a contract. In 1998, his album *Devil Without A Cause* was released. Songs such as *Bawitdaba* and *Cowboy* were released, making Kid Rock a star.

## Later career
In 2000, Kid Rock released *The History of Rock*, an album that mostly had old songs from before he became famous, along with two new songs. He released the album *Cocky* in 2001, *Kid Rock* in 2003, *Rock n Roll Jesus* in 2007, and *Born Free* in 2010.

## Live performances
Kid Rock is a supporter of people in the United States Military. He has performed several concerts for soldiers, and gave soldiers free copies of his album *Born Free*.

In 2004, Kid Rock performed during the Super Bowl halftime show. Although the show was more controversial for an incident where one of Janet Jackson's breasts was seen on television, Kid Rock was criticized for playing while wearing an American flag.

## United States Senate campaign, 2018
Kid Rock has been mentioned as a possible candidate for the 2018 U.S. Senate election in Michigan. On July 12, 2017, he shared a photo of a "Kid Rock for US Senate" yard sign on Twitter. He later confirmed that he is in fact running for the Senate.

## Discography
### Singles
*"All Summer Long" (2008)
### Studio albums
**Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast* (1990)
**The Polyfuze Method* (1993)
*''Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp* (1996)
**Devil Without a Cause* (1998)
**Cocky* (2001)
**Kid Rock* (2003)
**Rock n Roll Jesus* (2007)
**Born Free* (2010)
**Rebel Soul* (2012)
**First Kiss* (2015)
**Sweet Southern Sugar'' (2017)

## References
Castro

**Castro** is a Chilean city with 39.366 inhabitants (2002 census).

## History 
Castro was discovered by the Spanish conqueror Martín Ruiz de Gamboa on 1567.

## Sights 
Castro is well known for its *palafitos*, traditional wooden stilt houses that are common on the Chiloé Island. Some of them are preserved in the west of the town in a bay named *Fiordo de Castro*.

In Gamboa, there is also an interesting wooden chapel.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Castro municipality 
*History & Legends of Castro
Puerto Montt

**Puerto Montt** is a Chilean city with 175,847 inhabitants (2002 census).

## History 
The actual Puerto Montt was discovered by a thick forest man who founded the city as *Melipulli* on 1853.

## Gallery 

File:Monumento colonización alemana.jpg|Monument to the German Colonization
File:Puerto Montt 2009.jpg|Skyline of Puerto Montt

## References 
## Other websites
*Puerto Montt municipality
Temuco

**Temuco** is a Chilean city with 245,347 inhabitants (2002 census).

## History 
Temuco was founded by Manuel Recabarren naming the place *Fuerte Recabarren*(*Fort Recabarren*) during the Occupation of  Araucania on 1881.

## Gallery 

File:Interior Rodoviario Temuco.jpg|The Bus Station of Temuco
File:Edificio_Caupolicán.jpg|Caupolicán Tower
File:Temuco.jpg|Skyline of Temuco

## References 
## Other websites
*Temuco municipality
Talca

**Talca** is a Chilean city with 201.797 inhabitants (2002 census).

## History 
Talca was founded like *Villa San Agustín de Talca* by the Spanish José Antonio Manso de Velasco on 1881.

## Gallery 

File:Talca 1 sur.jpg|The "1 Sur" Street
File:Talca Estacion2.jpg|Train Station 

## References 
## Other websites
*Talca municipality
Coyhaique

**Coyhaique** is a Chilean city with 50.041 inhabitants (2002 census).

## History 
Coyhaique was founded like *Baquedano* on 1929.

## Gallery 

File:Coyhaique.jpg|View of Coyhaique

## References 
## Other websites
*Coihaique municipality
Rancagua

**Rancagua** is a Chilean city with 214,344 people living there according to 2002 census. 

## History 
Rancagua was founded by the Spanish soldier José Antonio Manso de Velasco on 1743.

## Gallery 

File:Cathedral Rancagua Chile.jpg|Rancagua Cathedral
File:Escudo de Rancagua.svg|Coat of Arms of Rancagua
File:Estación Tren Rancagua.jpg|Train Station
File:Cachapoal.jpg|Cachapoal River 

## References 
## Other websites
*Rancagua municipality
Grackle

A **grackle** is a bird that lives around North and South America. They belong to the Icterid family.

## Appearance 
Adult grackles measure from  from bill to tail and, have wings that are  long, and weigh . Common grackles are less sexually dimorphic (difference in looks between male and female) than other grackles, but the differences between male and females can still be noticeable. The males, are mostly larger than the female. Adults have a long, dark bill, pale yellowish eyes, and a long tail; their feathers appear black with purple, green, or blue on the head, and primarily brown shine on the body. Adult females, besides being smaller, are less shiny; their tails in particular are shorter, and are brown with no purple or blue shine. Juveniles are brown with dark brown eyes.

When grackles are in a group, they are called a "plague".

## References 
## Other websites 
* Common Grackle at cornell.edu
Tea Party movement

and the National Mall on September 12, 2009.]]

The **Tea Party** is an American populist political movement.  Most people say it is conservative and libertarian.

The Tea Party:
* has sponsored protests and supported political candidates since 2009,
* wants less government spending, 
* wants to reduce the national debt and the federal budget deficit,

The name "Tea Party" comes from the Boston Tea Party, a protest by colonists who objected to a British tax on tea in 1773.  They demonstrated by dumping British tea taken from docked ships into the harbor.  Some say that the  *Tea* in "Tea Party" also stands for "Taxed Enough Already".

The Tea Party movement has caucuses (groups) in the House of Representatives and the Senate of the United States.  Many of the members of the Tea Party caucus were first elected in the 2010 midterm elections.  Some of them had never held any public office before.

The Tea Party movement has no central leadership but is composed of a loose linking of national and local groups that decide their own platforms and agendas. The Tea Party movement has been cited as an example of grassroots political activity, although it has also been cited as an example of astroturfing.

The Tea Party's most famous national figures include Republican politicians such as Sarah Palin, Ron Paul, and Michele Bachmann. As of 2010, the Tea Party movement is not a national political party, but has endorsed Republican candidates.

A Gallup poll shows almost 80% of Tea Partiers say they are Republicans. Commentators, including Gallup Editor-in-Chief Frank Newport, have suggested that the movement is not a new political group but simply a rebranding of traditional Republican candidates and policies. An October 2010 *Washington Post* canvass of local Tea Party organizers found 87% saying "dissatisfaction with mainstream Republican Party leaders" was "an important factor in the support the group has received so far".  Though many are opposed to GOP leadership, they are even more opposed to President Obama.  Some members believe that President Obama was not born in the United States (despite a birth certificate showing he was born in Hawaii).

One of the main positions the Tea Party took was against the debt ceiling (the amount of money the U.S. is allowed to borrow).  Many voted against any raising of the debt ceiling.  Others demanded large spending cuts and a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

## References
Maurice Wilkins

**Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins** CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born English physicist and molecular biologist.

Wilkins was born in New Zealand to a family from Dublin. When he was six, he moved to Birmingham.

His research contributed to the understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, light microscopy and X-ray crystallography. 

He worked on the development of radar during World War II, and was a member of the Manhattan Project. 

He is best known for his work at King's College London on the structure of DNA. 

In recognition of this work, he, Francis Crick and James Watson were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". His obituary provides extensive information on the topics mentioned here.

Wilkins was the Assistant Director of the Biophysics Unit at Kings College, and responsible for work on the structure of DNA. Wilkins and a graduate student, Raymond Gosling, got the first X-ray diffraction photos of DNA in 1950. He introduced Francis Crick to the importance of DNA, and hired Rosalind Franklin on a three-year grant. Franklin made progress with the crystallography, and produced some better photographs of the structure. 

In 1953 Watson visited King's, and Crick got sight of a progress report. This report included useful information from Franklin about features of DNA she had deduced from her X-ray diffraction data.

Watson and Crick published their proposed DNA double helix structure in a paper in the journal *Nature* in April 1953. In this paper Watson and Crick acknowledged that they had been "stimulated by.... the unpublished results and ideas" of Wilkins and Franklin.

By this time Franklin was suffering from cancer of the ovary. She died in 1958, which explains why she was not included in the 1962 Nobel Prize. A controversy exists as to the relative contributions of her and Wilkins.

## References
Adolf Eichmann

uniform]]
**Otto Adolf Eichmann** (19 March 1906 in Solingen – 31 May 1962 in Ramla) was an important SS officer in Nazi Germany.

Eichmann played a key role in planning the Holocaust (which killed 6 million Jews and millions of others between 1941-1945). 

He was executed for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Ramla, Israel on 1 June 1962, at the age of 56. 

Two years later, he also joined the Schutzstaffel (SS), a Nazi paramilitary organization led by Heinrich Himmler and deputy head Reinhard Heydrich. 

## Career in the SS 
Eichmann reached the rank of SS-Obersturmbannführer (which was equal to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the German Army). He led the Jewish Department of the Reich Main Security Office (*Reichssicherheitshauptamt, Referat IV B4*). 
'' are forced to burn bodies at Auschwitz. Eichmann organized the deportation of Jews to all the Nazi concentration camps]]

Senior Nazi officials, including Reinhard Heydrich, gave Eichmann the power to plan the logistics of the "Final Solution to the Jewish question."

## Impact 
Eichmann's trial was broadcast on radio in Israel, and millions of people around the world watched it on television. This was the first time that victims of the Holocaust talked openly about what had happened. As a result, people became much more aware of the Holocaust and its effects. Research, publications, and discussions about the Holocaust increased. In the newly formed nation of Israel, the trial helped bring together and unify people.

According to Neil Bascomb:The purpose of catching Eichmann was clear from the beginning — one, to remind the world what the Germans did to the Jews, and two, to remind Israeli youth why the state of Israel needs to exist. [...] The whole purpose and execution of the trial was to that end, and it was quite successful.”

## References
Benny Woit

**Benedict Francis Woit** (January 7, 1928 – December 7, 2016) was a National Hockey League defenceman of the 1950s.

## Playing career
Woit made his presence known as a junior while playing for the Port Arthur Flyers and Bruins of the TBJHL and the St. Mike's Majors of the OHA. He began playing for the Indianapolis Capitals of the AHL for the 1948–49 season. The Detroit Red Wings promoted him in 1951, and his defensive play would help them secure the Stanley Cup in 1952, 54, and 55. Woit was traded to Chicago Black Hawks following the 1954–55 season but never produced as he did with the Red Wings. He went on to play in the AHL and later the EHL, for the Clinton Comets as both a player and a successful head coach. In 334 NHL games Benny Woit recorded 7 goals and 26 assists for 33 points.

## Awards and achievements
*NHL All-Star Game (1954)
*EHL First All-Star Team (1962, 1963)
*EHL Second All-Star Team (1964)
*EHL North First All-Star Team (1965)

## Career statistics
## References
## Other websites
*
*Benny Woit's Day With the Stanley Cup
Murray Wing

**Murray Alan Wing** (born October 14, 1950) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played in one National Hockey League game for the Detroit Red Wings during the 1973–74 NHL season.

## Other websites
*
Zwolle

There are three towns and villages with the name Zwolle:
* Zwolle, Overijssel, capital city of the Dutch province Overijssel
* Zwolle, Gelderland, a village in the Dutch province Gelderland
* Zwolle, Louisiana, a village in the American state Louisiana.
Navarre

**Navarre** is an autonomous community in northern Spain. The capital of Navarre is Pamplona.

## History
When the Roman Empire existed, most of the people who lived in Navarre were the Vascones.
Tempura

is a kind of Japanese food. It is deep fried vegetables or seafood. Also tempura that does not use seafood is called . The dish comes from a Portuguese dish peixinhos da horta, which was brought to Japan by Portuguese sailors in the mid-sixteenth century.

## Cooking
Batter for tempura is generally made from cold water and a light wheat flour. However, sometimes other ingredients may be added, such as eggs, baking soda or baking powder, starch, oil, or spices. Traditionally, the batter is mixed a small amount at a time using chopsticks. The batter is only mixed for a few seconds and the lumps are left behind, giving the fried tempura its unique shape. Great care is taken to make sure the tempura is not over-mixed, otherwise it will become chewy and dough-like.

Special tempura flour has become widely available in supermarkets around the world. Tempura generally does not use breadcrumbs (*panko*). Foods made with this are usually referred to as *furai*--Japanese-style fried foods, such as tonkatsu (fried pork cutlet) or ebi furai (fried shrimp).

Seafood or thinly sliced vegetables are dipped in the batter and then quickly fried in hot oil. Usually vegetable oil is used and is heated to around 160 to 180 degrees Celsius. The cooking time for different types of tempura varies greatly, from only a few seconds for very thin vegetables to minutes for thicker ingredients or *kakiage* (mixed vegetables fritters).

Common ingredients for tempura include both seafood and vegetables, such as shrimp, squid, bell peppers, kabocha squash, eggplant, sweet potato, and lotus root, among many others.

## Serving
Tempura is served hot immediately after cooking. Sometimes a sauce for dipping will be provided, the most common being made from dashi stock, mirin, and soy sauce (*shōyu*). Sometimes a special salt is served with the tempura. In other cases it may be used as a topping on soups like on soba or udon.

## References
Bindi Irwin

**Bindi Sue Irwin** (born 24 July 1998 in Buderim, Queensland) is an Australian actress, singer, television personality and conservationist. She is the daughter of Terri Irwin and Steve Irwin and has a younger brother Robert Clarence "Bob" Irwin.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Bindi's Say 
* Bindi the Jungle Girl 
* Animal Planet profile
* Bindi's Profile from Australia Zoo
Andreas Ulmer

**Andreas Ulmer** (born October 30, 1985) is an Austrian football player playing for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as defender. His father,Gerhard Ulmer, and his uncle, Fritz Ulmer, were also footballplayers, playing for SK Voest Linz.
## Career
He started playing football in the local clubs SK Asten and LASK Linz. At the age of 14 he went to the Frank Stronach Academy in Hollabrunn (a school, where you can also visit a school beside your football education). He got his A-levels and then played for the second squad of FK Austria Wien after his debut for Austria Wien in the 2004/05 season. 2008/09 he played for  SV Ried and then went to F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.

For Red Bull Salzburg he played regularly as left defender. In the 2009/10 season he played all matches of Red Bull Salzburg. This year he even played 37 matches in the league, because he came in Winter to Red Bull Salzburg which had to play a match from the first half of the season in the second half, so Andreas Ulmer played this year 22 matches for SV Ried and 15 for Red Bull Salzburg. So far he is the only player in the whole football history of Austria who did one match more than the regular 36. During the warm-up for a Championsleague qualifing match versus Omonia Nikosia he was badly injured so he missed the first half of the season 2010/11.  During the 2017–18 season, Salzburg and Ulmer had their best ever European campaign. They finished top of their Europa League group before beating Real Sociedad, Borussia Dortmund and Lazio Rom and reached for the first time the UEFA Europa League semi-final.

2022 he signed another year for FC Red Bull Salzburg. After 582 competitive appearances, Ulmer left Salzburg after the 2023/24 season.  He did not find a new club in the following six months. So in February 2025, Ulmer ended his playing career at the age of 39. 

## International career
On 11th February 2009 he played his first match for the Austrian national team versus Sweden. 2015 he had a break in the team but 2017 he played again for the national team. He was part of the team for the European championship an played two matches in the tournament.
### Career statistics 
### International 
## Honours
**Austria Wien**
*Austrian Bundesliga: 2006
*Austrian Cup (1):2006
**Red Bull Salzburg**
*Austrian Bundesliga (13): 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
*Austrian Cup (9): 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

## References
## Other websites
*Official homepage-Profile Andreas Ulmer
Phat Wilson

**Gordon Allan "Phat" Wilson** (December 29, 1895 – July 26, 1970) was a Canadian amateur ice hockey forward who won the Allan Cup three times as a member of the Port Arthur Bearcats.  Seen as one of the top amateur players of his time, Wilson was added into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.

## Hockey career
 in 1929.]]
A native of Port Arthur, Ontario, Wilson did not even know how to skate when he joined the town's church league in 1914. Serving as a substitute, he improved his skating enough that he earned a full-time role on his team the following year and played two seasons of junior hockey before joining the Port Arthur War Veterans senior team at the age of 18.

Wilson moved to Iroquois Falls, Ontario, for a season to play in the Northern Ontario Hockey Association (NOHA) in 1921–22 before returning to Port Arthur a year later to play for the Port Arthur Bearcats. He was a top player in the NOHA, leading Port Arthur to an Allan Cup championship in 1925 as Canada's national senior champions.  Wilson and the Bearcats repeated as champions the following year and won a third Allan Cup in 1929. In recognition of his career in Port Arthur, Wilson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962 and the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in its inaugural class of 1982.

## Off the ice
In addition to hockey, Wilson played baseball and served as a volunteer and executive in both sports. He was named the first president of Port Arthur's little league when it was founded in 1952 and helped found the community's girls hockey league, serving also as a coach and referee.

## References
* 

### Notes
## Other websites
*
Jakob Jantscher

**Jakob Jantscher** (8 January 1989 in Graz) is an Austrian footballer, he plays as midfielder for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.

## Career
He started his career at SC Unterpremstätten und LUV Graz and than, at the age of 14, he moved to SK Sturm Graz. On October 20, 2007 he made his first match for the first squad versus F. C. Red Bull Salzburg. His first goal was against SC Altach on November 24, 2007. With SK Sturm he won the Austrian Cup in 2010. 2010 he went to F. C. Red Bull Salzburg. In the 2010/11 season he had 22 matches and shot 4 goals and gave one assist.
## Team
He has played 23 times for the Austrian national team. His debut in the senior team was on June 6, 2009 in the qualifying match for World Championship 2010 versus Serbia. His first goal was in a friendly match versus Spain, where he scored the only goal for Austria. (1 - 5)
## Career statistics 
### International 
:''Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each  Jantscher goal.''

## Other websites
*Official Homepage(German) 

## References
Remember When (Alan Jackson song)

"**Remember When**" is a country-western song recorded by Alan Jackson. It was the second single  from the 2003 album *Greatest Hits Volume II*. "Remember When" reached number one on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs and number 29 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100.

## References
Classical liberalism

**Classical liberalism** is a type of liberalism.  It is a belief in economics and a political ideology. It is about civil and economic freedom. 

Classical liberals believe in a small government, and believe that people will be ruled mostly by natural law. They believe that people have inalienable rights, which is to say rights that cannot be taken away. They also believe in a free market and property rights.  

Notable people who developed classical liberalism during the 18th and 19th century are Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and Thomas Jefferson.  More recently, in the mid-20th century, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman were in favor.  Many of the beliefs of classical liberalism are similar to those of libertarianism, in addition to some forms of conservatism.

## References
Safeway Inc.

]]
**Safeway, Inc.**  is the third-largest supermarket chain in North America. The company has around 198,000 employees worldwide. In some of the Safeway stores, they have fuel stations where they allow customers to use a phone number or club (loyalty) card to receive fuel savings. Safeway stores also have a Safeway ATM Network. The name "*Safeway*" came from a contest that was held in 1925 to develop a name for the store and Safeway was chosen. Safeway has stores in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, West Germany, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.

## Other websites 
*Safeway's Official website
Microsoft TechNet

**Microsoft TechNet** is a website owned by Microsoft, as source for information, news and events for IT professionals. There is also a paid magazine called *TechNet Magazine*.

TechNet used to be restricted to paying customers. Now the website is free, with extra possibilities for paying customers.
Philosophy of religion

**Philosophy of religion** is a branch of philosophy. Religions, and religious beliefs can manifest themselves in different ways. Philosophy of religion looks into explaining certain answers to questions of religion using understanding. It is also looks into different ways religions are practiced and their importance for the everyday lives of the people practicing them. Other domains of it include criticism and analysis of religious texts using philosophy of language. 

According to Winfried Löffler, philiosphers of religion can be grouped as follows. Many of the philosophers mentioned belong to more than one group:

# Analysis of religious feelings: The analysis focuses on looking at the typical feelings a religion evokes. Philiosphers include Friedrich Schleiermacher and Ludwig Wittgenstein.
# Question about the essence of religion. Philiosphers include Rudolf Otto,Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Martin Heidegger. 
# Analysis of the language a religion uses
# Relationship of a religious an non-religious explanation for a phenomenon. Philiosphers include Richard Swinburne and Ludwig Wittgenstein.
# Rationality or irrationality of religion: Is there / Can there be a rational explaation for religious phenomena. Examples of these are "proofs" for or against the existence of God, and Theodicy. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was the first to talk about theodicy.

Philosophy of religion also looks at more practical matters like defining the features that make up a religion. There are two main schools of thought. The one called Essentialist says that all religions have a common"essence". The following have been proposed:
# They relate to one or more gods.
# There is a belief in spiritual superhuman beings
# There is something holy or sacred, which in someway is also accessible by humans.
The problem with this is that using only these definitions leas to a common "philiosphy of religion" that is harly usable for studies. The other approach (called "functional") tries to counter this: Rather than trying to get an "abstract idea" of religion, it looks at the use or function religion has in the live of people or societies. Among the things mentioned are that religions help keep a psychological equilibrium and that they provide a certain amount of stability to a society. Thinkers with this opion include Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Bronisław Malinowski and Talcott Parsons. Critics of these theories say that such explanations often go against common sense, as religions can also have the popposite effect to that mentioned.

Other topics include arguments for the existence of God, the problem of evil, divine attributes and the relationship between science and religion.

Important philosophers of religion include Thomas Aquinas, Augustine and Alvin Plantinga. Philosophers of religion can be religious or non-religious

## Related pages 
* Hindu philosophy
* Islamic philosophy
* Religious studies
Rough-skinned newt

The **rough-skinned newt** (*Taricha granulosa*) is a North American newt known for its strong poison. 

Juveniles live on land for four or five years after metamorphosis. Adults are , and live in water and on land. Eggs are laid in water. The snake’s resistance to the toxin has resulted in a selective pressure that favours newts which produce more potent levels of toxin. Increases in newt toxicity then apply a selective pressure favouring snakes with mutations conferring even greater resistance. 

This cycle of a predator and prey co-evolving is sometimes called an evolutionary arms race. In this case it results in the newts producing levels of toxin far in excess of what is needed to kill any other conceivable predator.

### Warning colouration 
Toxic animals usually warn predators that they are not good food. There's no point in being toxic unless it helps survival and reproduction. The underside of these newts is vividly coloured a yellow-orange. When a threat appears, the newt curls up its tail and lifts its head to show the warning colour. This can be seen in photographs.

## Location 
Habitats of rough-skinned newts are found throughout the west coast of the United States and British Columbia. The southern range extends to California and the northern in Alaska.

## References
Valery Leontiev

**Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev** (; born 19 March 1949 in Ust-Usa, Soviet Union) is a well-known Russian and formerly Soviet singer and actor.

Valery Leontiev began his career in Soviet times, and actively continues to this day. He has recorded more than 30 albums.

## Other websites
*
National Secular Society

The **National Secular Society** is a group that campaigns for secularism in the United Kingdom. It was founded by Charles Bradlaugh in 1866.

## References
Jill Scott

**Jill Heather Scott** (born April 4, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter, poet, model and actress. She is from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Scott has recorded three albums. She has also acted in some movies and television series. These include *Hounddog*, *Why Did I Get Married?* and ''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency''.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
December 2009 North American blizzard

There was a blizzard in Mid December 2009 in the northeast. The blizzard dumped heavy snow and strong winds.  of snow fell on Washington D.C..

## History
The storm formed on December 16 in Texas with heavy rain. On December 17, the heavy rain moved NE towards the Northeast and by the evening of December 17 it was in North Carolina. On December 18, the rain turned to snow and was in Virginia in the morning, and in Maryland in the evening. By the night of December 18, it was in Delaware. On December 19 it raced across New jersey, and hit NYC. Blizzard warnings and winter storm warnings have been put in action. Then it moved towards Connecticut and Massachusetts. By December 20, the blizzard wasn't from Maine to Canada and then dissipated over sea.

## Impact
### North Carolina
North Carolina saw mostly heavy rain from the storm, but some of it saw very heavy snow, near-blizzard and even blizzard conditions. Greensboro saw  of snow after heavy rain.

### Virginia
Virginia saw mainly heavy snow except for the South and the coastline.  to  of snow fell on Richmond. Washington saw  of snow and was the hot spot for the blizzard.

### Maryland
Maryland saw heavy snow and a blizzard. The blizzard dumped over  of snow on Cambridge, and Ocean city, on the immediate coast saw several inches of drenching rain and even thunderstorms.

### Delaware
Delaware saw heavy snow and a blizzard. The blizzard dumped  to  of snow on Dover. The immediate coast saw rain. The blizzard made rally a lot of heavy snow and strong winds on Delaware.

### New Jersey
New Jersey saw a blizzard from the storm. There was heavy snow and strong winds. There were  of snow in Camden, and only  to  in Milford. There was rain in Atlantic City, and Cape May.

### New York City
New York City saw heavy snow and a blizzard. There were about  of snow in NYC. There was some sleet in Bay ridge for a very short moment, and even some light rain

### The rest of the Northeast
The rest of the Northeast saw also heavy snow, and parts saw a blizzard. Connecticut saw from  to  of snow in the South, to  to  of snow in the Northwest. Massachusetts also saw from 0.2 to 0.7 inches in the Northwest, to  to  in the South.
Maine and Canada also saw similar amounts with sleet and freezing rain near the immediate coast.

## Related pages 
* North American blizzard of 2003
* December 2010 North American blizzard
* January 31 – February 2, 2011 North American winter storm
* February 2013 nor'easter
Andrew Neiderman

**Andrew Neiderman** (born 1940) is an American novelist.  He became a "ghostwriter" for V. C. Andrews after she died.  Her estate hired him to complete the "Casteel" series of books and continue her unfinished stories.

Andrew Neiderman is also the author of "The Devil's Advocate," which was made into a movie, and wrote the libretto for a live musical adaptation of ''The Devil's Advocate''.  He is currently (as of 2011) developing a new script with revised music and lyrics.

He is the screenwriter of the movie based on the "Rain" series published as V. C. Andrews' novels. Six of Neiderman's own novels have been adapted into movies also.

As of January 2011, Andrew Neiderman has written 100 published novels, between the V. C. Andrews books and the books published with his name.

## Novels
* *Illusion* (1967)
* *Sisters* (1972)
* *Weekend* (1980) (with Tania Grossinger)
* *Pin* (1981) (adapted as a movie in 1988)
* *Brainchild* (1981)
* ''Someone's Watching* (1983)
* *Tender, Loving Care* (1984) (adapted as a movie and formatted into a game)
* *Imp* (1985)
* *Child's Play* (1985)
* *Love Child* (1986)
* *Reflection* (1986)
* *Teacher's Pet* (1986)
* *Night Howl* (1986)
* *Sight Unseen* (1987)
* *Playmates* (1987)
* *The Maddening* (1987) (adapted as a movie in 1995)
* *Surrogate Child* (1988)
* *Perfect Little Angels* (1989)
* *The Devil's Advocate* (1990) (filmed in 1997 by director Taylor Hackford)
* *Bloodchild* (1990)
* *The Immortals* (1991)
* *The Need* (1992)
* *Sister, Sister* (1992)
* *The Solomon Organization* (1993)
* *After Life* (1993)
* *Angel of Mercy* (1994)
* *Duplicates* (1994)
* *The Dark* (1997)
* *In Double Jeopardy* (1998)
* *Neighborhood Watch* (1999)
* *Curse* (2000)
* *Amnesia* (2001)
* *Dead Time* (2002)
* *Under Abduction* (2002)
* *The Baby Squad* (2003)
* *Deficiency* (2004)
* *The Hunted* (2005)
* *Finding Satan* (2006)
* *Unholy Birth* (2007)
* *Life Sentence* (2007)
* *Deadly Verdict* (2008)
* *Guardian Angel'' (2010)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Andrew Neiderman's website
Lyoto Machida

is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist and karateka. Nicknamed "**The Dragon**", he was known for his unorthodox style in MMA that mainly combined Shotokan karate and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. In 2009, he won the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship when he beat Rashad Evans via knockout in the second round. In 2014, he challenged for the UFC Middleweight Championship title. In the UFC, he compiled a 16-8 record across 24 appearances, five of them in title fights, before signing with Bellator MMA in 2018. He retired from MMA in 2022 with a record of 26 wins and 12 losses.

Outside his competitive fighting career, Machida has served as a league ambassador for Karate Combat (KC). He is a co-founder of **Machida Karate**, a methodology which focuses on Shotokan karate as its foundation and has grappling and throws as part of its self-defense curriculum. He is the author of *Machida Karate-Do Mixed Martial Arts Techniques* (2010). He has also made appearances in the documentary *Like Water* (2011) the action drama film *Tapped Out* (2014).

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*UFC profile
* 
*
Nicktoons Racing

***Nicktoons Racing*** is a Nickelodeon racing game for the PlayStation, Game Boy Advance, Game Boy Color, Windows and arcade. This game was released in 2000.

## Characters
### 13 playable characters
* Tommy Pickles (from *Rugrats*, voiced by Elizabeth Daily) (start)
* Angelica Pickles (from *Rugrats*, voiced by Cheryl Chase) (start) 
* Stimpy (from *The Ren & Stimpy Show*, voiced by Billy West) (start)
* Arnold (from *Hey Arnold!*, voiced by Alex D. Linz) (start)
* Helga Pataki (from *Hey Arnold!, voiced by Francesca Marie Smith) (start)
* Eliza Thornberry (from *The Wild Thornberrys*, voiced by Lacey Chabert) (start)
* Darwin Thornberry (from *The Wild Thornberrys*, voiced by Tom Kane) (start)
* CatDog (voiced by Jim Cummings (Cat) and Tom Kenny (Dog)) (start)
* Norbert and Daggett (from *The Angry Beavers*, voiced by Richard Steven Horvitz (Daggett) and Nick Bakay (Norbert)) (start)
* Ickis (from *Aaahh!! Real Monsters*, voiced by Charlie Adler) (start)
* SpongeBob SquarePants (from *SpongeBob SquarePants*, voiced by Tom Kenny) (start)
* Patrick Star (from *SpongeBob SquarePants*, voiced by Bill Fagerbakke) (start)
* Sheldon J. Plankton (from *SpongeBob SquarePants*, voiced by Doug Lawrence) (a.k.a. Mystery Rider; unlockable)

### Non-playable character
* Race Announcer (voiced by Chris Jojo)

## Places
* Reptar Raceway (*Rugrats* universe)
* Dam Prix (*The Angry Beavers* universe)
* Rancid Raceway (*CatDog* universe)
* Bikini Bottom Blowout (*SpongeBob SquarePants* universe)
* Race Madness (*Ren & Stimpy* universe)
* Beaver Fever (*The Angry Beavers* universe)
* Nearburg Rally (*CatDog* universe)
* Safari Speedway (*The Wild Thornberrys* universe)
* Monster Mania (*Aaahh!!! Real Monsters'' universe)
* Pickles' Parkway (*Rugrats* universe)
* Gritty City Circuit (*Hey Arnold!* universe)
* Bongo Bangup (*The Wild Thornberrys* universe)
* Big City Clean Up (*Hey Arnold!* universe)
* Beach Soccer (*SpongeBob SquarePants* universe)

## Trivia
*This game was originally planned to have unlockable racers that are Oblina from Aahh!!! Real Monsters, Phli and Lil from the Rugrats, Harold and Sid from Hey Arnold, Doug from Doug, Ren Hoek, Plankton from SpongeBob SquarePants, and Otto from Rocket Power, however, this game now has 1 unlockable character, which is Plankton (who is now known as Mystery Rider) , while all of new unlockable characters were scrapped, including Doug (because he was unfortunately moved from Nicktoons to Disney).

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Tommy Thayer

**Tommy Thayer** (born November 7, 1960 in Portland, Oregon) is a former guitarist of Black 'N Blue (1981-1989, 1998) and current guitarist of the band Kiss (2002-present).

## Career 
Tommy Thayer in his childhood was influenced by bands like Black Sabbath and Deep Purple. In early 1980's Tommy Thayer,  way the band of Heavy Metal Movie Star, with vocalist Jaime St. James. The band then changed his name to Black N' Blue. Thayer would record four studio albums for the band. Black 'N Blue (1984), Without Love (1985), Nasty Nasty (1986) and In Heat (1988).

His father was World War II general James B. Thayer.

## Kiss 
In 1989, Thayer began working for Kiss, co-writing the themes *Betrayed* And "The Street Giveth & The Street Taketh Away" of the album Hot In The Shade (1989). Tommy Thayer replaced guitarist Ace Frehley when leaving Kiss in 2002, He used Frehley's makeup and became the "Spaceman". Tommy Thayer recorded one live album, *Kiss Symphony: Alive IV* (2003) and two studio albums with the band. *Kiss Klassics* (2008), and *Sonic Boom* (2009).

## References 
## Other websites
*
Charles Hendry

**Charles Hendry** is the Member of Parliament for Wealden in East Sussex. He is a member of the Conservative Party.

His predecessor in the Wealden seat was Geoffrey Johnson Smith, also a Conservative.

He was a member fellow of the Atlantic Council Global Energy Center.

## References
Ghostwriter

A **ghostwriter** is a professional  writer whose published work is credited to another person.  One famous ghostwriter is Andrew Neiderman. He was hired by the estate of V. C. Andrews, who died in 1986.  Niederman completed the "Casteel" series of books and continues writing books credited to Andrews.

Ghostwriters are paid a fee to help write the autobiographies of celebrities, athletes and politicians.  They also help write letters, song lyrics, magazine and news articles that get published under someone else's name.

## References
Saul Kripke

**Saul Kripke** (November 13, 1940 – September 15, 2022) is an American philosopher and logician. The work he is best known for is *Naming and Necessity* (1980). Much of his best known work deal with the logic and language.   Kripke was born in Bay Shore, New York.

## References
Robert Nozick

**Robert Nozick** (November 16, 1938 – January 23, 2002) was an American political philosopher. His best known work is *Anarchy, State, and Utopia* (1974). It responds to *A Theory of Justice*, a book by John Rawls.

Politically, Nozick was a libertarian. He believed that the government should protect property and resolve contractual disputes but not much else. Nozick also created the thought experiment of the experience machine.
Tom Araya

**Tom Araya** (born **Tomás Enrique Araya** June 6, 1961 in Viña del Mar, Chile) is an Chilean-American musician, best known as the bassist and vocalist of the American thrash metal band Slayer. Araya is ranked fifty-eighth by *Hit Parader* on their list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time.

Araya was employed as a respiratory therapist in the early 1980s and used his earnings to finance Slayer's debut album *Show No Mercy*. Much of Araya's lyrical content is about serial killers, a subject he finds interesting, first making his lyrical contribution to 1985's *Hell Awaits* with the track "At Dawn They Sleep".

## References
Graves' disease

'''Graves' disease''' is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid. In people affected by the disease, the thyroid produces a bigger quantity of hormones than normal, which is commonly known as hyperthyroidism. It occurs more often in women than men.

## References
Bird bath

in a birdbath in Makawao, Maui]]

A **bird bath** is an artificial "puddle" or small shallow pond, created with a water-filled basin, for birds to bathe in, cool off, and drink from. A bird bath can be a garden decoration, small reflecting pool, or outdoor sculpture.

A bird bath is an attraction for many different species of birds to visit gardens, especially during the summer and drought periods. Bird baths that provide clean and continual water all year makes more birds come.

## Related pages
* Birdwatching
* Drought

## References 
## Other websites 
*Birdbaths and birdwatching
*Birdbath styles 
*Beautiful Stone Birdbaths
It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa

'''''It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa''''' is the second EP by American rapper Eazy-E. It was released on October 25, 1993. The producers of the album were Eazy-E, DJ Yella, Rhythum D, Madness 4 Real, Dr. Jam and Cold 187um. The EP was certified 2x Platinum in late 1994. The album is a reply to then rival/former N.W.A bandmate Dr Dre. The songs "Real Muthaphuckkin G's" and "It's On" are diss songs meant to insult Dr Dre and his then new protegee Snoop Doggy Dogg. Other tracks such as "Down 2 tha Last Roach", "Any Last Werdz", "Still a Nigga" and "Exxtra Special Thankz" are about the gangster lifestyle. The song "Gimme That Nutt" tells a rather sexually vulgar story that was banned from being played on radio stations.

## Songs
## References
Robert Bly

**Robert Elwood Bly** (December 23, 1926 &ndash; November 21, 2021) was an American poet, author, activist and leader of the Mythopoetic Men's Movement. He was born in Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota.

## Career
Bly's early collection of poems, *Silence in the Snowy Fields,* was published in 1962, and its plain style had considerable influence on American poems of the next two decades.  The following year, he published "A Wrong Turning in American Poetry", an essay.

In 1966, Bly co-founded American Writers Against the Vietnam War. In 1968, he signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the war. When he won the National Book Award for *The Light Around the Body,* he contributed the prize money to the Resistance. During the 1970s, he published eleven books of poetry, essays, and translations. During the 1980s he published *Loving a Woman in Two Worlds,* *The Wingéd Life: Selected Poems and Prose of Thoreau,* *The Man in the Black Coat Turns,* and *A Little Book on the Human Shadow*.

Among his most famous works is *Iron John: A Book About Men,* an international bestseller which has been translated into many languages.

Bly died at his home in Minneapolis, Minnesota on November 21, 2021, at the age of 94.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from the United States
## References 
## Other websites 
* The Robert Bly Web Site
* Profile and poems of Bly at PoetryFoundation.org
* 
* "Robert Bly reads 'Loon's Cry' "  for the WGBH series, New Television Workshop
* Bly profile, The Academy of American Poets
* MenWeb - Men's Issues Interview with Robert Bly 
* Modern American Poetry  critical essays on Bly's works. University of Illinois 
* *The Human Shadow* and other essays, articles and interviews by Robert Bly. Audio.
Rub' al Khali

The '''Rub' al Khali** or **Empty Quarter''' is a desert in Saudi Arabia. It is one of the largest sand deserts in the world. It covers an area of about 650,000 square kilometres, more than all of Holland, Belgium and France together. Some of the sand dunes are more than 250 metres high.

## References
Jared Carter

**Jared Carter** (born January 10, 1939) is an American poet.

## Background
Carter studied at Yale University. After military service and travel abroad, he made his home in Indianapolis, where he has lived since 1969.

## Work
Carter writes in free verse and in traditional forms. Much of his early work is set in Mississinewa County, an imaginary place that includes the actual Mississinewa River. In recent years, as Carter began to publish his poems on the web, his poetry has ranged farther.

His first collection, *Work, for the Night Is Coming*, won the Walt Whitman Award. His second, *After the Rain*, received the Poets' Prize. His poems have appeared in literary journals in the U.S. and in the *Twentieth-Century American Poetry,* *Contemporary American Poetry,*  and *Writing Poems.* 

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References