open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Megabyte

The **megabyte** (symbol: **MB** or **Mo**, also known as the megaoctet) is a unit used when talking about hard drives or computer memory. One megabyte is 1 million bytes or 1 thousand kilobytes.

Until December 1998, when the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) first defined the mebibyte as 220, or 1,048,576 bytes. Casual computer users still often use the megabyte to mean the mebibyte.

One thousand megabytes make one gigabyte.

This definition is part of the International System of Quantities.
Death (band)

***Death*** was one of the first ever death metal bands in the United States. They started in 1983 under the name **Mantas** and they changed the name to *Death* in 1984.

Death is no longer a band because their guitarist Chuck Schuldiner died on December 13, 2001. He was 34 years old. He had brain cancer and the drugs he used to beat the cancer made him weak. He died of pneumonia. He had another band project called Control Denied during the 3 years before he died.

## Discography
**Scream Bloody Gore* (1987)
**Leprosy* (1988)
**Spiritual Healing* (1990)
**Human* (1991)
**Individual Thought Patterns* (1993)
**Symbolic* (1995)
**The Sound of Perseverance* (1998)

## References
Stargard

**Stargard Szczeciński** () is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland. It has 71,400 inhabitants (2003). It is on the Ina river. It is the capital of Stargard County in West Pomeranian Voivodship.

## Other websites
Disney (disambiguation)

**Disney** can mean either:

In entertainment:
*The Walt Disney Company and its related companies
*Walt Disney Pictures, which it also owns

The name also refers to several members of the Disney Family, such as:
*Walt Disney, co-founder of the Walt Disney Company
*Roy Oliver Disney, Walt's brother and co-founder of the company
*Roy Edward Disney, son of Roy Oliver and leader of the Save Disney campaign

## Other
*Disney, Oklahoma, a small town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Ruby slippers

**Ruby slippers** are red shoes that are worn by the character Dorothy Gale (acted by Judy Garland) in the movie *The Wizard of Oz*. They are an important part of the story.

## Costume 
Many pairs of slippers were made for the movie. One pair can be seen at the Smithsonian Institution in the United States. The others are owned by private collectors.

The slippers are based on shoes from the book the movie was based on, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, but in the book the slippers are colored silver. The change was made because in the movie Dorothy arrives in the magical land of Oz which is colorful, but her home in Kansas was in shades of grey or sepia, so it was thought the shoes should also have color.

## Plot 
Dorothy gets the slippers after her house falls on the Wicked Witch of the East, killing the witch. The witch's sister, the Wicked Witch of the West, wants the ruby slippers. She attacks Dorothy many times during her journey down the yellow brick road. The Wicked Witch of the West wants the slippers for herself so she can become the most powerful witch in all of the land of Oz.

Dorothy knows that the slippers are powerful, but she does not know why. At the end of the movie, she learns their power: click your heels together three times, and repeat "There's no place like home."
Beauty

is considered as Roman goddess of love and beauty ]]
 is often a symbol of beauty]]
**Beauty** is a property of certain things. Something is beautiful if it is nice to look at it, hear it, feel it, taste it, smell it or think about it. A person can also be beautiful. Beauty is also the name of a feeling that is hard to describe. The nature of this feeling varies from person to person and culture to culture. It is not known if only humans can feel it.

There are many ideas about what beauty is. Some people say that beauty is:
*The similarity between a real object and an object of art. For example, a beautiful picture might be one that looks very lifelike.
*The similarity between any object and what you think it 'should' look like. For example, a beautiful tree might be one with a straight brown trunk and lots of green leaves, or beautiful clouds might be those that are white and fluffy (like wool).
*The way an object makes us feel: happy, sad, angry, or something else (emotional). For example, a beautiful piece of music might be one which makes people feel very happy or very sad.
*The quality of an object. For example, a beautiful story might be very well written.
*In regards to writing, a piece may be beautiful through use of intricacies and depth which gives the reader a mental image or a certain feeling or feelings of emotion. Poetry is one example of writing that can be considered beautiful in the way it "paints" a picture or brings about an emotional response.

There are many other theories. Some things that people say are beautiful are not explained by any of these ideas.

## Related pages
* Aesthetics
* Physical attractiveness
* Sublime

## References
Wes Craven

**Wesley Earl "Wes" Craven** (August 2, 1939 &ndash; August 30, 2015) was an American movie director, producer and writer. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He is well known for horror movie classics including *A Nightmare on Elm Street* and *Scream*.

On August 30, 2015, Wes Craven died of brain cancer at his home in Los Angeles. He was 76 years old.

## Filmography 
**Together* (1971)
**The Last House on the Left* (1972)
**The Hills Have Eyes* (1977)
**Summer Of Fear aka Stranger In Our House* (1978)
**Deadly Blessing* (1981)
**Swamp Thing* (1982)
**A Nightmare on Elm Street* (1984)
**Deadly Friend* (1986)
**The Serpent and the Rainbow* (1988)
*''Wes Craven's Shocker* (1989)
**The People Under the Stairs* (1991)
**Wes Craven's New Nightmare* (1994)
**Scream* (1996)
**Scream 2* (1997)
**Music of the Heart* (1999)
**Scream 3* (2000)
**They* (2002)
**Cursed* (2005)
**Red Eye'' (2005)

## Other websites 
*Wes Craven official website
*

## References
British Sea Power

**British Sea Power** is an indie rock band from England. They formed in 2000. Many band members come from Cumbria, but they are based in Brighton. They have released six albums and six EPs. They released their sixth album *Machineries of Joy* in April 2013.

## Studio albums 
* The Decline Of British Sea Power (2003)
* Open Season (2005)
* Do You Like Rock Music? (2007)
* Valhalla Dancehall (2010)
* Machineries Of Joy (2013)
* Sea of Brass (2015)
* Let the Dancers Inherit the Party (2017)
Jimmy Eat World

**Jimmy Eat World** is an alternative rock band. They formed in Mesa, Arizona in 1994. To date, they have released nine studio albums. They have released many singles, including *Sweetness*, *The Middle*, *Bleed American*, *Rockstar*, and *Let It Happen*.

They used to be part of the emo scene and many would still call them that. However, the band has never liked that term and do not even understand that. While their albums do have considerable emo influences, the album *Futures* brought on a change of sound and a different fanbase.

## Albums
### Studio albums
* *Jimmy Eat World* - 1994
* *Static Prevails* - 1996
* *Clarity* - 1999
* *Bleed American* - 2001
* *Futures* - 2004
* *Chase This Light* - 2007
* *Invented* - 2010
* *Damage* (2013)
* *Integrity Blues (2016)
* *Surviving'' (2019)

### EPS
*One Two Three - 1994
*Jimmy Eat World (EP) - 1998
*Firestarter - 2000
*Good To Go - 2002
*Stay On My Side Tonight - 2005

## References
## Other websites
* Jimmy Eat World's Official website
Album (disambiguation)

An **album** is a collection of songs on a CD or LP.

It may also refer to:
* A photo album is usually a book with pictures inside it
* A Stamp album is a book with series of postage stamps
Phish

**Phish** is an American rock band. They formed in Vermont in 1983, broke up in 2004, and reformed in 2009. Their lead singer is Trey Anastasio. Phish was often compared to the Grateful Dead, and had a similar following of "Phish Heads" following the band on tour. They went on a 5-year-long hiatus from 2004 to 2009. Their hiatus ended when they played shows on March 6, 7 and 8 at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, VA. The band surprised the audience with longer sets than usual.

Their music has a lot of improvisation, so when they play live, their songs are sometimes a lot longer. They use elements from many genres, including rock, jazz, funk, progressive rock, bluegrass, country, reggae, blues, Latin, and psychedelic rock.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *The White Tape* (1986)
* *The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday* (1987)
* *Junta* (1989)
* *Lawn Boy* (1990)
* *A Picture of Nectar* (1992)
* *Rift* (1993)
* *Hoist* (1994)
* *Billy Breathes* (1996)
* *The Story of the Ghost* (1998)
* *The Siket Disc* (1999)
* *Farmhouse* (2000)
* *Round Room* (2002)
* *Undermind* (2004)
* *Joy* (2009)
* *Fuego* (2014)
* Big Boat (2016)
* Sigma Oasis (2020)
* Evolve (2024)

## References
Confucius

**Confucius**  (born 551 BC, died 479 BC) was an important Chinese educator and philosopher. His original name was Kong Qiu or Zhong Ni. 
As a child, he was eager to learn about everything, and was very interested in rituals. Although he grew up in extreme poverty, it did not stop his curiosity from growing. He was a very dedicated student, especially in his teenage years. It is not known how he received his formal education, but he mastered many subjects of the arts. Once he grew up, he worked as a state official who handled farms and cattle. Then he became a teacher.

Confucius lived in a time when many states were fighting wars in China.
This period was called the Spring and Autumn period of the Zhou Dynasty.
Confucius did not like this and wanted to bring order back to society.

## Teaching 
Like Socrates, Confucius sometimes did not answer philosophical questions himself.
Instead he wanted people to think hard about problems and to learn from others, especially from history.
Confucius also thought that people should get power because they were good and skilled, and not just because they came from powerful families.

Confucius wanted people to think about other people more than about money or what they owned.
However he also felt that there should be strong rules in society and that people needed to obey them.
Confucius thought that there were five relationships people could have, and that they all had their own rules.
Two people could be
* Prince and 
* Father and Son
* Husband and Wife
* Elder and Child
* or Friends
These were traditional relationships called the 'five prototypes'.
Confucius said that in all these relationships, both people must obey rules.
For example, a subject must obey a prince, but also a prince must listen to a subject and must rule him well and fairly.

Confucius said that people should only do things to other people if they would be okay with other people doing those things to themselves.
This is sometimes called the Golden Rule and was also taught by Jesus Christ.

His students wrote down small stories about him, and things that he said.
These were put together to make a book called The Analects, which became one of the main books of Confucianism.
Consciousness

**Consciousness** means being awake, alert and responsive to the environment. The definition of consciousness may differ in psychology, neuroscience, philosophy and other related sciences. It is often disputed amongst academics and scientists.

Consciousness is a range of mental states. There are several states between a fully conscious state and a fully unconscious state. In medicine, the degree of *loss of consciousness* is measured by using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS); a score between 3 and 15 is given to each person at any time, to show how conscious the person is. Higher scores show more conscious states.

It seems that many decisions are made without us being aware of it. Some think that these decisions are made by what is called the unconscious mind. There are also many body functions which we do not notice until they go wrong. These activities are done by the autonomic nervous system. Breathing and the beat of one's heart can be noticed but are controlled by nervous system without thought.

It is not known what causes consciousness. So, it is difficult to know if another person or thing is indeed conscious. The best we can say is that some animals do seem to be conscious of the world around them. We ourselves assume that others have consciousness, but this is notoriously difficult to prove. This is known in philosophy as *the problem of other minds*.
 
## References
La Jolla

**La Jolla** is a neighborhood in the city of San Diego, in the state of California, in the United States. It is pronounced "La Hoya".

The University of California, San Diego is in La Jolla. Another famous place in La Jolla is the Salk Institute. 

It is the birthplace of the Hollywood actor, Gregory Peck.
Arch

An **arch** is an opening in a building that is curved on top to distribute the weight. The curved part can be round, like part of a circle, or pointed, like two parts of circles next to each other. Arches are often used where buildings are made of many small stones or bricks. The stone at the very top of the arch, called the keystone, keeps the rest of the arch stones from falling down. Arches can go over doorways and windows. Many bridges are arch bridges including ones made of steel. A series of arches is an arcade. 

Arches can be found in nature. These natural arches form through the erosion of cliffs.

## Types of arches 
Arches  can have many forms, but they can be sorted into three categories: circular, pointed and parabolic.

* Circular (rounded) arches were used by Romans. They used them in bridges, aqueducts, and large-scale (big) architecture.
* Pointed arches were most often used by builders of Gothic-style architecture. They used them because they produced less thrust at the base. This allowed the structures to be taller.
* Parabolic arches have the shape of a parabola. They are mostly used in bridges.
* Ogee arches features an S-shaped curve, typically used in Islamic architecture and Gothic Revival styles.
* Horse Shoe arches often used in Moorish and Islamic architecture, is characterized by shapes that are more curved than semi-circles.

]]

## Sources 
## Other websites
Breast

The **breast** is an organ on the mid to upper chest area. It is just below the shoulders near the center of the upper chest region  of humans and other primates.  Humans have two breasts. 
Both boys and girls have breasts at birth. During puberty, the breasts on women grow larger and more visible. 
The breasts have glands that produce milk. Breastfeeding is when a mother feeds her baby with milk from her breasts.

Men also have breasts. They are built the same way as those of women, but are usually smaller, Men cannot use their breasts for breastfeeding. Their breasts will usually not produce milk, but might become larger and produce milk during some diseases or with some hormonal medical treatments.

## Growth and form
Girls develop breasts during puberty due to sex hormones, mainly estrogen.

The appearance and size of the breasts of a woman may vary due to genetic factors, and the amount of fatty and connective tissue. Hormones also play a role.

Estrogen promotes the growth of mammary glands and ducts, while progesterone induces milk-producing cells to develop. Prolactin and oxytocin stimulate milk production. Oxytocin also causes milk to be spurted from a lactating breast.

The two breasts usually are not equal in size — one may be larger than the other, but this is common.

During menopause, as levels of estrogen decrease, tissue in the breasts reduce as well, and the breasts may start sagging.

## Structure
. ]]
The center of the breast is the nipple. The areola is a circular area around the nipple. The breast contains mammary glands. Each breast has 15 to 20 milk ducts. Ducts carry the milk produced by these glands to the nipples. After a woman has a baby, her breasts undergo lactation — the production of natural milk.

Feeding babies milk is called breastfeeding or *nursing*.

## Purposes
The breasts of a woman also play a role in human sexual behavior. They are one of the most visible or obvious female secondary sex characteristics. They play an important role in sexual attraction of partners. They can also give pleasure to the individual. When sexually stimulated, the size of the breasts increases, venous patterns across the breasts become more visible, and nipples grow harder. During sexual intercourse, it is common practice to press or massage breasts with hands.
Breast Tickling sometimes also happens and is done by placing your hands underneath her breasts and tickling upwards.
Breast Tickling can also be done on the top, the sides and her nipples.

Breasts are sensitive to touch as they have many nerve endings. Oral stimulation of nipples and breasts is also common. Some women can achieve "breast orgasms".  

In the ancient Indian work the *Kama Sutra*, marking breasts with nails and biting with teeth are explained as erotic.

## Related pages
* Bra
* Breast augmentation, breast implants, breast reduction (surgery)
* Cervical and breast cancer
* Nipple piercing

## References
## Other websites
*
Barber

A **barber** is someone who cuts hair and shaves beards. Usually, it is men who go to a barber. Women usually go to hairdressers instead.  Barbers sometimes have a pole outside, which is red and white in most countries. Barbering is a most ancient and honorable profession, with a very interesting history. Barbering is the practice of cutting or trimming hair and includes shaving or trimming facial hair. Besides cutting hair, barbers also shampoo and style hair, mostly for male clients. Other duties include scalp treatment, skin care and fitting or grooming hairpieces. In some states, barbers color, highlight or bleach hair.

## Job description
The main job of a barber is to cut a client's hair. The goal is to improve the appearance of the hair and to adapt styles to the customer's wishes. Barbers also shape and trim beards and mustaches. Instruments such as scissors and combs must be kept sterile and in good condition, and the barber is also responsible for keeping the shop clean by sweeping up hair. Owners of barbershops also order supplies, pay bills and may hire and supervise staff. Good interpersonal skills and a positive attitude are important qualities to have when working as a barber. Examples of famous barbers are Alex Kelly and Cameron Kelly formally known as the Kelly Cutters. Many barbers use these men as examples and aim to also deliver a very high quality service.

With experience, barbers can manage a salon or barber shop, or eventually open their own shop. Advancement is also possible in teaching barbering. Some states combine barbering and cosmetology licenses into one. Some states allow transferring a barbering license from another state without additional formal training, but not all states allow this.
Carpenter

A **carpenter** is a person who works with wood. They can make cabinets, build houses, or do other things with wood.

Carpenters are always adding to their tools and always learning how to use the new tools, materials, and ways of working with wood.

Many carpenters will choose to focus their skills in one of two broad ranging categories. Rough carpenters will focus on building things that need to be simple and structural. This includes framing for houses, or crates for shipping. Finish carpenters will focus on things that are detailed and artistic. For example, they can be furniture builders, cabinet makers or toy makers. Wood carvers are sometimes counted as carpenters.

## Related pages 
* Cabinet making

## References
Roof

. It has wooden shingles. Six *dormers* can be seen]] 
A **roof** is the top surface of the building. The plural of 'roof' is 'roofs'. The type of roof on a building helps identify the building style. But they can also be covered in metal, slate, thatch or clay tiles. It can be dangerous to walk on a pitched roof. Some pitched roofs have parts that stick out for windows. These are called dormer windows. The edges of pitched roofs are called 'eaves'. Often there are gutters and leaders at the eaves, which take away water from the roof.

Flat roofs are usually covered in rubber or types of plastic. You can usually walk on a flat roof. At the edge of a flat roof there is sometimes a parapet. This is to prevents people from falling off the roof.

## Gallery 

File:Roof diagram.jpg|
File:Sedlowa trecha.svg|
File:Walmdach.png|
File:Mansarddach.png|
File:Meyers b4 s0398 b4.png|
File:Flat roof bitumen felt.jpg|
File:Feldsteinkirche Wildenbruch Fledermausgaube.JPG|

## References 
## Other websites 
* Gable Roof Erection Procedure: YouTube
* Roof Truss Basics - Structural Engineering And Home Building Tips; YouTube
Brick

, UK]]
 with bricks of various shades and lengths]]

 laid with alternating courses of *headers* and *stretchers*]]

A **brick** not to be confused with the coring method. is a man-made building material used to make walls,  and make places to walk. It is a single unit of a kneaded clay-bearing soil, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried, used in masonry construction.

Bricks are made mostly of clay. They are put into molds or cut with wires, and then baked in an oven. The color of a brick depends on the clay from which it was made.

Masons build brick walls. They join bricks together using mortar.
Bricks can be  into many different patterns. The most common pattern is called "running bond". A row of bricks is called a course. 

Bricks used outdoors on the ground are called "pavers". Engineering bricks are used for high load-bearing walls, and for damp-proof courses. They are more expensive, and are made of better clays and fired at a higher temperature.

## History
The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7500 B.C. They have been found in Çayönü, a place in the upper Tigris area in south east Anatolia, close to Diyarbakir. A bit later, between 7000 and 6395 BC, bricks come from Jericho and Catal Hüyük. 

*Fired* bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials. They have been used since about 3000 BC in early Indus Valley cities. Sun-dried mud bricks are much older, and quite satisfactory in hot, dry climates. Fired bricks are much more resistant to cold and moist weather conditions. They allow permanent building in regions where the harsher climate prevents the use of mud bricks.

Most bricks from all places tend to be about the same size: ~9 x ~4¼ x ~2½ inches or 250 × 120 × 65 mm. This is because they are picked up by the brickie in one hand, while in his other hand is a trowel with cement on it.

### Cement 
Just as bricks are ancient (probably Neolithic in origin), so is cement. That is (in comparison) a more recent invention. The ancient Greeks and Romans used cement. Older civilizations knew, however, that bricks needed to be stuck together. The Babylonians and Assyrians used bitumen to bind together burnt brick or alabaster slabs. Bitumen comes out of the ground naturally in a few places. It is a black oily substance of organic origin, like oil or pitch.

In Ancient Egypt, stone blocks were cemented together with a mortar made of sand and roughly burnt gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O), which often contained calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

## Other images

File:OpusSpicatumRomaMercatiTraianei.jpg|A brick floor in an Ancient Roman market
File:Siena-pavement.jpg|Modern pavement, in Siena
File:Madagascar fabrication de briques.jpg|Brick making in Madagascar
File:MWANAMKE KAZINI.jpg|Woman of Tanzania carrying bricks on her head

## References
Oriole

The **oriole** ( or Old World oriole) is a bird in the family **Oriolidae**. They make up the genus ***Oriolus***. Old World orioles are found areas of Africa, Asia and Europe. They are most often found in tropical areas but one species lives in cooler areas. The golden oriole is the only species of Old World oriole which is not a tropical bird.

Many species have bright coloured feathers.

The orioles evolved in Australasia, and later spread to Eurasia. They are not related to the New World oriole. New World orioles are members of the blackbird family *Icteridae* and are native to the Americas .

## The kinds of oriole 
This is a list of kinds of orioles, in the English and Latin languages:

* Golden oriole, *Oriolus oriolus*
* Brown oriole, *Oriolus szalayi*
* Halmahera oriole, *Oriolus phaeochromus*
* Ceram oriole, *Oriolus forsteni*
* Buru oriole, *Oriolus bouroensis*
* Timor oriole, *Oriolus viridifuscus*
* Olive-backed oriole or White-bellied Oriole, *Oriolus sagittattus*
* Yellow oriole or Green oriole, *Oriolus flavocinctus*
* Dark-throated oriole, *Oriolus xanthonotus*
* White-lored oriole, *Oriolus albiloris*
* Isabella oriole, *Oriolus isabellae*
* African golden oriole, *Oriolus auratus*
* Black-naped oriole, *Oriolus chinensis*
* Green-headed oriole, *Oriolus chlorocephalus*
* Great-billed oriole, *Oriolus crassirostris*
* Western black-headed oriole, *Oriolus brachyrhynchus*
* Forest oriole, * Oriolus monacha *
* Black-headed oriole, *Oriolus larvatus*
* Black-winged oriole, *Oriolus nigripennis*
* Black-hooded oriole, *Oriolus xanthornus*
* Black oriole, *Oriolus hosii*
* Black and crimson oriole, *Oriolus cruentus*
* Maroon oriole, *Oriolus trailili*
* Silver oriole, *Oriolus mellianus*
* Figbird *Sphecotheres viridis*

## References 
## Other websites 
* Oriole videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Feather

holds its head vertical so its pattern matches the reeds more closely.]]
 are an example of display.]]
]]

**Feathers** are the things which cover birds. They help keep birds warm.  Feathers also protect them from injury. In most kinds of birds, wing feathers help them to fly. These are called flight feathers. 
Some people have their pet birds clipped. This is a procedure where a vet or a groomer cuts a certain amount of feathers to prevent the bird from flying away or simply for medical reasons. 

## Vaned feathers 
The main feathers which cover the outside of a bird are called *vaned feathers*. Vaned feathers have a stiff center, with soft barbs on the side, which seem like hairs. The center is called a *quill*. This type of feather is called ***pennaceous*** (= like a pen).

## Down feathers 
Young birds have small feathers, called *down*, which keep them warm, but cannot be used for flying.  Down is very soft.  Adult birds have down, but also have vaned feathers on top of the down. Down is also used in blankets. Down feathers are just one example of ***plumaceous*** feathers (the word means 'fluffy'). Another example is the feathers on flightless birds such as the ostrich.

## Moulting 
Birds lose their feathers at certain times.  This is called *moulting*.  By moulting, a bird can replace old feathers with new ones.  Many birds moult once every year.

## Color 
Feathers give birds color. The function of color in birds is extremely important. It includes:
#Camouflage: it hides the bird in its natural environment, especially when it is stationary in the nest. Camouflage is often backed up with behaviour: see the bittern on its nest.
#Display: birds carry display colors when they need to be noticed by other birds. Often the male of a pair will do the display and wear colors, while the female is camouflaged. Display is usually backed up by behaviour, especially bird song. The main functions are:
##To attract a mate
##To signal and defend their territory.

## Use by people 
People use feathers for many purposes.  In the past, quills were commonly used as pens, and colorful feathers were worn on hats.  Many pillows, cushions, mattresses, coats, and quilts are stuffed with down. Feathers are also used by people of many tribes for decoration.

## References
Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen

**Mary-Kate Olsen** and **Ashley Fuller Olsen** (born June 13, 1986) are twin American actresses.  They have acted in movies and on television series since they were nine months old.

The twins began acting on the ABC series *Full House* between 1987 and 1995, in which both of them played Michelle Tanner.

In the early 1990s, they became the youngest entrepreneurs in Hollywood history by starting the Dualstar Entertainment company.

Later that decade, they acted in *Two of a Kind* and *So Little Time*, as well as their own animated series.

They also acted in the movies, *It Takes Two* (1994), *New York Minute* (2003), and many direct-to-video movies and specials.

Merchandise related to the Olsens is still very popular in the teenage market. The Olsens have a clothing line for girls ages 4–14 in Wal-Mart stores across North America, as well as a beauty line called "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Real fashion for real girls".

## Health issues 
In mid-2004, Mary-Kate Olsen announced she had entered treatment for an eating disorder, anorexia nervosa. A Got Milk? ad featuring the twins was pulled following the announcement. On November 20, 2007 she was hospitalized for a reported kidney infection.

## Fashion only 
The twins have bought up a number of fashion labels, and this is now their main activity. In 2012 the girls decided to quit acting permanently and focus on fashion.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Official Site 
* Olsen Twins in the News 
* A Site Devoted to the Twins
Architect

by an architect made in 1893]]

An **architect** is a person who designs buildings and prepares plans to give to a builder. What they design is called architecture. Sometimes they make drawings with pens, pencils, and computers, and this is also called drafting. Sometimes he first makes small toy-sized buildings called models to show what the building will look like when it is done. Some of these models survive for hundreds of years, such as O.S Moamogo, South Africa.
 one of the great architects]]
Architects decide the size, shape, and what the building will be made from. Architects need to be good at math and drawing. They need imagination. They must go to university and learn how to make a building's structure safe so that it will not collapse. They should also know how to make a building attractive, so that people will enjoy using it.

Although there has been architecture for thousands of years, there have not always been architects. The great European cathedrals built in the Middle Ages were designed by a Master Builder, who scratched his designs on flat beds of plaster. Paper did not exist in Europe at this time and vellum or parchment were very expensive and could not be made in large sizes.

Some cathedrals took hundreds of years to build, so the Master Builder would die or retire and be replaced and often plans changed. Some cathedrals were never finished, like Notre Dame in Paris or Sagrada Família in Barcelona.

An architect has a very important job because his or her work will be seen and used by many people, probably for a very long time. If the design, materials and construction are good, the building should last for hundreds or even thousands of years. This is rarely the case.

Usually building cost is what limits the life of a building, but fire, war, need or fashion can also affect things. As towns and cities grow, it often becomes necessary to make roads wider, or perhaps to build a new train station. Architects are employed again and so the city changes. Even very important buildings may get knocked down to make way for change.

Famous architects include: Frank Lloyd Wright, Fazlur Khan, Bruce Graham, Edward Durell Stone, Daniel Burnham, Adrian Smith, Frank Gehry, Gottfried Böhm, I. M. Pei, Antoni Gaudí, and Oscar Niemeyer.

## References
## Other websites
* The Society of Architectural Historians web site 
* The Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain web site 
* The Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand web site 
* European Architectural History Network web site  
* Western Architecture Timeline
Heterosexuality

, a classic example of a heterosexual couple.]]
**Heterosexuality** is a sexual orientation. **Heterosexual** people are sexually attracted to the opposite gender, and this may involve romantic feelings, or sexual activity. Another less formal word for heterosexual is *straight*.

People who are not heterosexual may be homosexual, bisexual or asexual. Many people in Western society are heteronormative, which means that they believe that heterosexuality is better than other forms of sexuality. This often leads to discrimination.

Sexual orientation is thought to be caused by genetics and hormones when a baby is growing in its mother. Hormones play a role in making men and women have differences in a region of the brain called the sexually dimorphic nucleus, which is involved in sexual attraction. Men have larger clusters in the hypothalamus than women, similar to other mammals.

In the Catholic Church and many Christian churches as well as in Islam and Judaism, a marriage can only be made in a heterosexual pair - man and woman. Marriage that is done in homosexual pair is often seen as a serious sin by those religions.

## Related pages 
* Heterosociality
*Queer, a catch-all term for non-heterosexual people (used by some)

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Kinsey Institute
Hate crime

of black men on June 15, 1920]]
A **hate crime** is when someone breaks a law by hurting another person because of prejudice against a group the victim belongs to. Normally, a hate crime is not caused in any way by something the victim did or said, but just because of who they are. Hate crime is often in the form of physical violence, but can also be vandalism and damage to property, insults or other hurtful words, or other violations of human rights. 

The term "hate crime" was first used in the 1980s in the United States, when crimes caused by bias against certain types of people were being talked about in the media.

In 2009, the Matthew Shepard Act has changed the definition of a hate crime in the law of the United States. It says that crimes which were committed because of the victim's sexual orientation, gender identity or disability are hate crimes. It is the first law that protects transgender people. 

## Effects of Hate Crimes 
People victimized by violent hate crimes are more likely to experience more psychological distress than victims of other violent crimes. Specifically, victims of crimes that are bias-motivated are more likely to experience post-traumatic stress, safety concerns, depression, anxiety and anger than victims of crimes that are not motivated by bias. Hate crimes send messages to members of the victim’s group that they are unwelcome and unsafe in the community, victimizing the entire group and decreasing feelings of safety and security. Furthermore, witnessing discrimination against one’s own group can lead to psychological distress and lower self-esteem.

## Related pages
*Hatred
*Hate group
*Xenophobia
*Transphobia
*Hate speech
*Violence against women

## References
Gay bashing

**Gay bashing** and **gay bullying** is when someone attacks a person or group of people because they are gay or lesbian or bisexual or transgender.

Studies show that bullying happens to people who are gay or lesbian more often than to others in general. As teenagers, gay young men are more likely to be bullied than lesbians.

## Hate crime
Gay bullying can become a type of hate crime or hate speech.

## Related pages
* Homophobia
* Sexual orientation
* Transphobia 
* LGBT

## References
 about bullying]]

## Other websites
* "Tips to Help the Bullying Bystander" at education.com
Berkeley, California

**Berkeley** is a city in the U.S. State of California. It is a suburb of San Francisco. It is famous for the college, University of California, Berkeley, where many political protests were held in the 1960s. It is also famous for its gourmet food and art scenes. Also, it is the native city of the punk band Green Day. BOINC or the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing was created at the University of California in Berkeley.

Berkeley is on the San Francisco Bay's eastern shore, north of Oakland. It is in Alameda County.

There are many famous athletes from Berkeley including Yankees manager Jimmie Fox who attended Berkeley High School. Harry Weinberger was born and raised in Berkeley and was drafted to play professional figure skating last year. Berkeley is an epicenter for athletes to come up and thrive.

## References
Emergency medicine

**Emergency medicine** is a part of medicine that focuses on caring for people whose life or health is in immediate danger, for example from a serious injury, heart attack, or poisoning. Emergency Medicine (abbreviation EM) is sometimes also called *Accident and Emergency Medicine* (AEM). 

EM doctors specialize in treating diseases and injuries that need *immediate* care. These kind of diseases or injuries are called *emergencies*. If they are not helped quickly, the person may become more sick or even die.

Doctors that specialize in EM usually work in Emergency Departments. This is also called a casualty department or Emergency room. These are places in hospitals where people go if they have an emergency. They may have a red cross or red letters on the sign to show it is the Emergency Department. This way, even people who cannot read know where to go. A separate unit of the hospital is **Intensive Care**, which is for less than life threatening but still serious emergencies. 

Doctors who specialize in EM must know about all of the different aspects of medicine to some level, but not quite as much as a specialist would. They treat people of all ages. They treat both men and women. They must know how to treat any kind of emergency. But they may not know *quite* as much about the treatments of some diseases or injury, because they are too specialized or serious.

Many people go to the Emergency Department with problems that are not emergencies. So EM doctors must also know  about how to treat *non*-emergencies.

## Related pages 
*Emergency medical services
*First aid
## References
Jenna Bush Hager

**Jenna Welch Hager** (née **Bush**; born November 25, 1981) is an American news personality, author, and journalist. She is the co-host of *Today with Jenna & Friends*, the fourth morning news program of *Today.* Hager is the daughter of the 43rd president of the United States, George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush. Hager is also a granddaughter of the 41st president of the United States, George H. W. Bush and First Lady Barbara Bush.

## Book Club: Read with Jenna 
In March 2019 on the Today Show, Hager introduced her book club Read with Jenna.

### Book Club Picks 
In 2022, Hager expanded her book list to children's reading, called Read with Jenna Jr.

In September 2023, Hager introduced the podcast she hosts, "Open Book with Jenna," wherein she interviews authors.

## References
Uncyclopedia

**Uncyclopedia** is an encyclopedia that parodies Wikipedia, calling itself "the content-free encyclopedia". It is a parody website.

Uncyclopedia was started by Jonathan Huang and his friend named "Stillwaters". It was made on January 5, 2005. Uncyclopedia's logo is a hollow potato named Sophia. Its color is desert sand. This makes fun of Wikipedia's globe logo.

It's a joke wiki that pretends to be useful. Every page is filled with jokes and not real information. Users make fun of things by creating pages about them.

They have a guide on writing called HTBFANJS (How To Be Funny And Not Just Stupid). This page helps users learn how Uncyclopedia is not like Wikipedia. It also helps people write so it matches the rest of Uncyclopedia.Most encyclopedias try not to have opinions on things. They just try to tell facts. Uncyclopedia has its own opinions about things. These opinions are often silly. For example, Uncyclopedia thinks that Oscar Wilde was the best man ever. These opinions become memes that are added into jokes all over Uncyclopedia.

## References
## Other websites 
*Uncyclopedia
Cholesterol

**Cholesterol** is a molecule that is found in animal cells and body fluids. Cholesterol is not found in plant sources. It is a type of lipid which is a fat or fat-like molecule.  Cholesterol is a soft waxy substance. Cholesterol is a special type of lipid that is called a steroid. Steroids are lipids that have a special chemical structure. This structure is made of four rings of carbon atoms. Cholesterol is found especially in animal fats.

Cholesterol is the main steroid synthesized by animals. Other steroids include hormone steroids like cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone. These and other steroid hormones are made by changing the basic chemical structure of cholesterol. This is an example of *chemical synthesis*.

Hypercholesterolemia means that cholesterol level is too high in the blood. High cholesterol levels show that heart disease may develop.

## Biosynthesis 

Image:Cholesterolbiosynthesis.png|Cholesterol biosynthetic pathway

### Lovastatin 

Image:Domain organization of Lovastatin.gif|Architecture of the lovastatin type I PKS system. Outlined domains are used iteratively. ACP- acyl carrier protein, AD-alcohol dehydrogenase, AT-acyltransferase, DH-dehydratase, KS-ketoacyl synthase, KR-ketoreductase, MT-methyltransferase, ER-enoylreductase, C-condensation, TE-thioesterase. (*)-redundant domain/inactive not used in this step.
Image:Figure 1- Biosynthesis of Lovastatin.gif|Biosynthesis of lovastatin
The biosynthesis of lovastatin occurs via an iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway. The six genes that encode enzymes that are essential for the biosynthesis of lovastatin are lovB, lovC, lovA, lovD, lovG, and lovF .
Image:Hmg-reductase.png|HMG CoA reductase reaction
Image:Biosynthesis-dielsalder.png|Biosynthesis using Diels-Alder catalyzed cyclization
Image:Biosynthesis-lovd.png|Biosynthesis using broadly specific acyltransferase
Image:Totalsynthesis1.png|Synthesis of compounds 1 and 2
Image:Totalsynthesis2.png|Complete lovastatin synthesis

## Additional images

File:ConversColest.png|Cholesterol units conversion
File:Steroidogenesis.svg|Steroidogenesis, using cholesterol as building material
File:Cholesterol Spacefill.jpeg|Space-filling model of the Cholesterol molecule
File:Steroid numbering.svg|Numbering of the steroid nuclei

## Related pages 
*Bile
*Metabolism
*Statin

## References
Pediatrics

]]

**Pediatrics** is the specialty of medicine that cares for infants, children, and adolescents. The ages can vary from the early months until 18-21. A person who works in pediatrics is called a **pediatrician**. 

Pediatricians can be primary care doctors or they can be specialists.

Pediatricians take care of diseases that children get. They also make sure that children develop normally and try to prevent illness. One of the most important ways that children's diseases can be prevented is by immunization. Immunization is also called vaccination.

In the nineteenth century, one in five children died before the age of five. Most of these deaths were from infectious diseases. Today *some* of these deaths are prevented by treating disease when it happens. Most of it is from preventing disease with immunizations.

Pediatricians also try to prevent other diseases and injury before they happen. They teach parents about safety and nutrition. They may teach older children or *adolescents* about avoiding injury or addiction to alcohol and tobacco. Because childhood is such a time of change, prevention is a major part of pediatrics.

## Types 
Many pediatricians work as primary care doctors. This type of pediatrician conducts regular health and wellness checkups. They also diagnose and treat a wide range of common health conditions, give vaccinations, and provide appropriate health advice to young people and their parents or caregivers.

* Adolescent medicine specialists focus on care during adolescence around age 11 to 21.
* Pediatric oncologist specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancer in children.
* Pediatric cardiology refers to cardiac irregularities in a child who is 18 years old. It also covers all types of heart conditions and diseases that occur in childhood.
* Pediatricians treat children and adolescents who have musculoskeletal disorders, such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and chronic pain.
* Neonatologists look after new born babies who need hospital care.  

## References
Kadis-kot

**Kadis-kot** is a fictional board game in the TV show *Star Trek: Voyager*.  It is played on a six-sided board with three sets of coloured stones. 

The characters of Naomi Wildman and Seven of Nine played the game sometimes, after the events of the episode "Infinite Regress".

## Other websites
* A summary of the game at Memory Alpha
Kenny Rogers

**Kenny Rogers** (August 21, 1938 – March 20, 2020) was a Grammy Award-winning American singer and songwriter. His best known songs include "The Gambler" and "Lucille". He acted in several movies and television series. He owned a franchise of roast chicken restaurants called "Kenny Rogers Roasters".

On March 20, 2020, Rogers died under hospice care in Sandy Springs, Georgia at age 81. He was diagnosed with bladder cancer in 2017. 

## References
Andrew Aagesen

**Andrew Aagesen** or **Andreas Aagesen** (August 5, 1826 - October 26, 1879) was a Danish lawyer and politician. The Danish laws of the Sea, of the 1882 was mostly his work.

## Biography 
Andrew Aagesen studied law at Christianshavn and Copenhagen. He stopped his studies in 1848 to take part in the First Schleswig War. He served as the leader of a  battalion.

In 1855, he became a professor of jurisprudence at the University of Copenhagen. In 1879, he was elected as a member of the Landsting. He was Carl Christian Hall's  as a lecturer on Roman law at the University of Copenhagen.
Barbara Bush

**Barbara Pierce Bush** (June 8, 1925 &ndash; April 17, 2018) was an American advocate who served as the first lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993 as the wife of George H. W. Bush, the 41st U.S. president. Before becoming first lady, she was the second lady from 1981 to 1989 when her husband was vice president.

## Biography 
### Early life and education 
Barbara Pierce was born on June 8, 1925 at Booth Memorial Hospital in New York City, She is second daughter of four children from Pauline Pierce and Marvin Pierce. She was raised in Indian Village in Rye, New York, and received her primary education at Milton Public School and Rye Country Day School before attending Ashley Hall, a boarding school in South Carolina.

### Marriage and children 
Pierce married Bush at the Rye First Presbyterian Church on January 6, 1945, when she was 19 years old. For the first eight months of their marriage, Bush and her husband moved around the Eastern United States, to places including Michigan, Maryland, and Virginia. President Donald Trump ordered flags to half-staff in her memory. Her funeral was held at St. Martin's Episcopal Church in Houston on April 21, 2018. She was buried at the George Bush Presidential Library in College Station, Texas, beside the grave of her daughter Robin.

## Awards and honors 
, Houston]]
In 1995, Bush received the Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, an award given out annually by the Jefferson Awards Foundation. In 1997, she was the recipient of The Miss America Woman of Achievement Award for her work with literacy programs. The same year, she received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. In 2016, she received honorary membership in Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Houston chapter.

Multiple schools are named after Barbara Bush. Schools have been named Barbara Bush Elementary School in Houston; Grand Prairie, Texas; and Mesa, Arizona. Schools have been named Barbara Bush Middle School in San Antonio and Irving, Texas. The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine, was also named in her honor.

## Writings 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Official websites 
## References
Rick Springfield

**Richard Springthorpe** (born August 23, 1949), known better by his stage name **Rick Springfield**, is an Australian musician and actor. He became popular in the 1980s thanks to a string of hit songs including "Jessie's Girl", and a recurring role on the TV show, *General Hospital*.

## Early life
Rick Springfield was born on the August 23, 1949.

## References
Poop

**Poop**, **poops** or **pooped** may refer to:

* Feces
* Defecation
* Poop deck, in naval architecture
* Pooped, a nautical term, to have a wave break over the stern or to be exhausted
* *Poop* (picture book), by Nicola Davies and Neal Layton, 2004
* YouTube Poop, a type of video mashup or edit
*POOPS, a book owned by Louis the yard teacher in Wayside School Gets A Little Stranger

## Related pages
*Poo (disambiguation)
*Poop emoji
*Puppis, a constellation in the southern sky