open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Black church

A **black church** is a Christian church whose congregation is  mostly of African descent.  There are many in the United States and there is also a growing number in the United Kingdom.  

In the United States, black churches include the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the Church of God in Christ.  Many were started by freed black people who were not welcome in white people's churches. In the United Kingdom they were mostly started by immigrants from West Africa. Their style of worship comes from African spiritual traditions, such as call and response. Most black churches are protestant, but some are Catholic.

## History
### Slavery
During slavery in the United States, many slave owners taught Christianity to their slaves. However, they only taught the parts of Christianity which they thought supported slavery. For example, they gave slaves a changed version of the Bible which fitted with what the slave owners thought about slavery. Stories such as Exodus, which is about escaping from slavery, were removed.

However, some Christians, for example in Baptist and Methodist churches, preached to slaves that they were equal to white people. In these churches, black people were allowed to become religious leaders. They also allowed African-style worship, which included lots of singing and dancing.

### After slavery
After the American Civil War ended, slavery became illegal in America. Black churches then grew very quickly. For example, only one year after the end of the war, the American Methodist Episcopal Church gained 50,000 new members. The Jim Crow laws meant that black people were still not treated equally to white people. However, black churches helped to make life better for black people. For example, the black church built and paid for the first schools for black people.

### Civil rights
Black churches were important in the civil rights movement. These churches were not just for religion: they were also for community. In church communities, activists organized protests and tried to end racial segregation. Some pastors such as Martin Luther King Jr. were also important civil rights leaders.

## Modern day
Segregation is now illegal in the USA, but black churches are still very important. There is still inequality between black people and white people in America. Often, black people live in places which have worse healthcare and policing than white people have. However, black church leaders can help with these problems, by telling their congregation how to access healthcare. They also stop crime, because they create community and encourage people to solve problems peacefully. 

## References
Puppet on a Chain (movie)

***Puppet on a Chain*** is a 1970 British Dutch crime thriller movie directed by Geoffrey Reeve and Don Sharp. It was based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Alastair MacLean. It stars Sven-Bertil Taube, Barbara Perkins, Alexander Knox, Patrick Allen, Vladek Sheybal, Ania Marson, Stewart F. Lane, Drewe Henley, Henny Orri, Gerry Crampton and Arnold Diamond.

## Other websites
*
Crosby, Merseyside

**Crosby** is a coastal town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton.  It used to be in Lancashire.  It is about 6 miles (9.6 km) north of Liverpool.

It grew because of the Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway which opened in 1848.  

At the 2001 UK census, Crosby had a population of 51,789. On Crosby beach is  Antony Gormley's art installation *Another Place*. 

 *Another Place* on Crosby Beach]]

## References
Akiba's Trip: Undread & Undressed

'''''Akiba's Trip: Undead & Undressed'''* (known as  in Japan) is an action-adventure video game developed and published by Acquire. Released originally for PlayStation 3, & PlayStation Vita in 2013. One year later, *Akiba's Trip: Undead & Undressed'' was ported to PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows. The "Director's Cut" was announced for Nintendo Switch, was released soon in summer 2023. It is sequel to ''Akiba's Trip'', and was released in 2011 for PlayStation Portable.

## References
Zhangixalus hungfuensis

The **Hongoshan whipping frog**, **Hungfu whipping frog** or **Hangfu tree frog** (*Zhangixalus hungfuensis*) is a frog.  It lives in China. People have seen it between 900 and 3000 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog in Hongfoshan between 800 and 1500 meters above sea level. It lays eggs in pools that have streams going into them. The tadpoles swim in the pools.

Scientists say this frog is in danger of extinction because it lives in a small place. Earthquakes can kill these frogs and change the land. Human beings change the land to build infrastructure.

## References
Cybra

**CYBRA Corporation** is a software company that provides barcode, RFID, and RTLS systems for businesses. Their flagship product is called MarkMagic and they also offer Edgefinity IoT RFID software. 

## History 
It was founded in 1985 and is based in Yonkers, New York. In 1990, CYBRA released a barcode labeling product called MarkMagic. CYBRA became an IBM Business Partner in June 1988. CYBRA became a public company in December 2006. Along with Key West Technologies LLC, in 2009 CYBRA formed a joint venture with the  Waterborne Transportation Institute (WTI) of the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China to create tracking software to improve the handling of maritime shipping containers.

In 2016, CYBRA released Edgefinity IoT RFID software. The software provides applications for asset tracking, lone worker safety monitoring, work in process deployment, and supply chain management. The latest version of MarkMagic is MarkMagic X, which was released in 2020. Their main office is where The Otis Elevator Company developed the first modern safety elevator. CYBRA's company headquarters are in Yonkers, New York.
## References
Kvaløya, Finnmark

**Kvaløya** (Northern Sami: ) is a big island in Norway. It is in Finnmark county and has an area of . The island is in the Hammerfest Municipality, and the Hammerfest town is on the west side of the island. There are other villages on the island too, like Forsøl, Rypefjord, and Stallogargo. The island is connected to the mainland by a bridge, and most of the places are near the bridge. There is a ferry that goes to another island called Seiland. The highest mountain on the island is  tall, and it is called Svartfjellet.

## References
Loom, Inc.

**Loom** is a technology company that provides video communication software for work. Its features include screen and camera recording, video editing, transcription, and the ability to share the recorded video link with others. The company is headquartered in San Francisco and has an office in New York. 

It was founded in 2015 by Vinay Hiremath, Shahed Khan, and Joe Thomas. Loom has raised $368 million in funding from investors such as Sequoia, Andreessen Horowitz, and Kleiner Perkins. It has over 14 million users and 200,000 businesses across 230 countries worldwide.

## References
Klonoa

***Klonoa*** known in Japan as  is a platform video game series that began in 1997 for the PlayStation 1, with the first game titled *Klonoa: Door to Phantomile*. Player can play as Klonoa and meet other characters like Lolo, Guntz, etc. The game revolves around Klonoa (Chronoa) and takes place in Phantomile.
Vieux-Berquin

**Vieux-Berquin** (; ) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. In 2019, 2,512 people lived there.

## Other websites 
* INSEE commune file

## References
Did It Again (Kylie Minogue song)

"**Did It Again**" is a 1997 song by Kylie Minogue and taken from her sixth studio album *Impossible Princess*. It went to number 9 in Scotland, number 14 in the United Kingdom and number 15 in Australia. It did not chart in Ireland and New Zealand.

## Track listings
**Australian and UK CD1**
# "Did It Again" – 4:15
# "Tears" – 4:27
# "Did It Again" (Did It Four Times Mix) – 5:49
# "Some Kind of Bliss" (video)
**Australian and UK CD2**
# "Did It Again" – 4:15
# "Did It Again" (Trouser Enthusiasts' Goddess of Contortion Mix) – 10:24
# "Did It Again" (Razor-n-Go Mix) – 11:24

**Australian and UK cassette single**
# "Did It Again" – 4:15
# "Tears" – 4:27

**Australian VHS single**
# "Did It Again" (video)
# "Some Kind of Bliss" (video)

## References
Anything but Down

"**Anything but Down**" is a 1999 song by Sheryl Crow and is the third single from her third studio album *The Globe Sessions*. It went to number 11 in Canada, number 17 in Scotland, number 19 in the United Kingdom and number 49 in the United States.

## Track listings
**US 7-inch single**
:A. "Anything but Down" – 4:18
:B. "The Difficult Kind" – 6:19

**UK CD1**
# "Anything but Down" (LP version) – 4:18
# "Leaving Las Vegas" (live in Toronto) – 5:33
# "Mississippi" (live) – 3:38

**UK CD2**
# "Anything but Down" (LP version) – 4:18
# "Run Baby Run" (live in Milan) – 3:40
# "Riverwide" (live for Wise Buddah) – 4:13

## References
Louis the Child

**Louis the Child** (893 – 20/24 September 911), sometimes called **Louis III** or **Louis IV**, was the king of East Francia from 899 until his death. He was also recognized as king of Lotharingia after 900. He was the last East Frankish ruler of the Carolingian dynasty. He succeeded his father, Arnulf, in East Francia and his elder illegitimate half-brother Zwentibold in Lotharingia. Louis became king when he was six and reigned until his death aged 17 or 18. During his reign the country was ravaged by Magyar raids.

He was born in September or October 893 in Altötting, Duchy of Bavaria, to king Arnulf of Carinthia and his wife, Ota. He had at least two brothers: his elder, illegitimate brother Zwentibold, who ruled Lotharingia, and another brother named Ratold, who briefly ruled the Kingdom of Italy.

## East Francia 
Louis was crowned in Forchheim on 4 February 900. Due to his young age and weak personal constitution, the government was entirely in the hands of others - the nobles and bishops. The most influential of Louis's councillors were Hatto I and Solomon III, the bishop of Constance.

## Lotharingia 
Louis succeeded his elder illegitimate half-brother Zwentibold in Lotharingia after 900 and maintained a separate chancery for both regions. He appointed an East Frankish duke, Gebhard to rule Lotharingia, which annoyed the Lotharingian nobility. The Lotharingian nobility did not participate in East Frankish assemblies.

## Magyar invasions 
During his reign, the Magyar army devastated Bavaria, the Duchy of Carinthia, and twice ravaged the Duchy of Saxony. In 904, Louis invited Kurszán, the kende of the Magyars, to negotiations. Het killed him and his delegation. In 907, the Magyars inflicted a heavy defeat on the Bavarians in the Battle of Pressburg, killing the Margrave Luitpold and many high nobles.

## Death and succession 
Louis the Child died at Frankfurt am Main on 20 or 24 September 911, aged seventeen or eighteen. He was buried in the monastery of Saint Emmeram's in Regensburg, where his father Arnulf also lay.  His death brought an end to the eastern branch of the Carolingian dynasty. The dukes of East Francia elected Conrad of Franconia, son of Gebhard, as the king, while the nobles of Lotharingia elected the Carolingian Charles the Simple as their king.
Arrondissement of Amiens

The **arrondissement of Amiens** is an arrondissement of France. It is in the Somme department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 13 cantons and 291 communes.

## References
Own goal

An **own goal**, also called a **self goal**, is where a player does something where they or their team scores a goal on themselves. This gives points for the opposing team. Most often when a football player kicks a ball into their own net or goal.  It can also happen in hockey, basketball and hurling. 

It is also used as a metaphor when someone tries something which goes wrong and benefits the opposition. 

## References
The Globe Sessions

***The Globe Sessions*** is the third studio album by Sheryl Crow and was released on September 21, 1998 through A&M Records. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom, number 3 in Scotland and Canada, number 4 in Germany, number 5 in Switzerland and the United States, number 9 in Sweden, number 10 in Belgium and Norway, number 16 in New Zealand, number 18 in France, number 19 in Austria and number 52 in Australia. It won 2 Grammy Awards in 1999.

## Track listing
On earlier versions of the album the track "Crash and Burn" contains the hidden track "Subway Ride", running 11:19, while omitting "Sweet Child o' Mine". Another version eliminates both "Subway Ride" and "Sweet Child o' Mine". The version of "Sweet Child o' Mine" included is the 'Rick Rubin New Mix', originally featured on the *Big Daddy* soundtrack and later included on *Hits & Rarities*, and also called the 'Pop Version' on the CD single. It differs from the 'Rock Version' used in the single music video. The European version features "Resuscitation" (Crow, Trott) as the twelfth track; the Japanese version contains the bonus tracks "Carolina" and "Resuscitation" (Crow, Trott). The Australian tour edition of the album (released in 1999) contains "Resuscitation", "Sweet Child o' Mine", and a bonus CD containing six songs recorded live at the Church of the Holy Trinity in Toronto, Canada on November 13, 1998:

## References
Gwinnett Stripers

The **Gwinnett Stripers** are a Minor League Baseball team from Gwinnett County, Georgia, near Lawrenceville, in suburban Atlanta. They play baseball at the Triple-A (AAA) level, the most difficult level before Major League Baseball, against other baseball teams in the International League (a group of 20&nbsp;baseball teams at the same level). The Stripers are partnered with the Atlanta Braves, a Major League Baseball team. When a player shows that he plays well at this level, he may be moved up to play for the Braves.

The team is named "Stripers" for the striped bass, because fishing is popular in the region. They used to be called the **Gwinnett Braves** after their MLB partner from 2009 to 2017. They changed their name to Stripers in 2018.

The Stripers play at a stadium called Coolray Field, which opened in 2009.

## References
## Other websites
* The team's website
* The team's statistics from *Baseball-Reference*
HD 218619

**HD 218619** is a giant star located in the constellation Sculptor at 685.22 light years away. It has a spectral type of K2III which gives it the orange-red colour. It has a apparent and absolute magnitude of 5.88 and -0.73 and so the star is visible to the naked eye. It has a radial velocity of -13.80000 km/s.

## References
National Song to the King's Well-being

'''National Song to the King's Well-being'* (Polish: *Pieśń narodowa za pomyślność Króla*) or **God thou Hast Poland** (*Boże, coś Polskę*) was an anthem of Poland during its personal union with Russia.

## History 
Original lyrics of the song were presented on first page of *Gazeta Warszawska* on 20 July 1816. Anthem was written in praise of Tsar Alexander I, who also was the King of Poland, with the influence of "*God Save the King''". The author is Alojzy Feliński, secretary and adjutant of Tadeusz Kościuszko. The composer is Jan Nepomucen Kaszewski from 4th regiment of infantry. The first performing of the anthem took place on August 3, 1816 in Warsaw, after that the song became a national anthem of the Kingdom of Poland.

## Lyrics 
## References
Klonoa (character)

***Klonoa*** is the fictional character in the *Klonoa* series. Where his first debuts on *Klonoa: Door to Phantomile*, released on PlayStation in 1997 by Namco.
Rat Terrier

**Rat Terriers** are a terrier breed. They are small dogs. They can be trained.  

Rat Terriers are usually black and white with little bits of brown or tan.
Alex Chalk

**Alexander John Gervase Chalk**,  (born 8 August 1976) is a British politician. He was the Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor from 2023 to 2024. He was elected Member of Parliament for Cheltenham in 2015. He lost re-election in 2024.

## References
Chandel

**Chandel** or **Chandela** or **Chandila** is a Rajput clan that ruled Bundelkhand in north-central India and fought against the early Muslim invaders. They were feudatories of the Pratiharas.

## Origin and History
According to Indian Historian Romila Thapar, The Chandela kings narrated a complex origin myth linked to the lunar line in their inscriptions but their origin was associated with the Gond tribes of Central India. It is said that they originally worshipped a rock, Maniya Deo, installed in their earliest capital of Mahoba. Through the processes of acquiring Rajput status and subscribing to Sanskritic culture, which involved devotion to Puranic deities, they expressed this change by building the temples of Khajuraho which were distinctly different from the shrine of Maniya Deo. This illustrates a shift from a local cult to a patronage of a puranic sect.

According to S. N. Sen, the Chandels were originally Hinduised Bhars or Gonds or both, who became Kshatriyas on attaining political power. The Gaharwars similarly are associated with the Bhars; the Bundelas and the northern Rathors are offshoots of the Garhawars. The Dharmashastras recognise the possibility of lower castes being elevated to higher castes.

The British indologist V. A. Smith also believed that the Chandelas were in origin a non-Aryan tribe, associated with the original Gonds and Bhars.

## References
Drag Den

***Drag Den*** is a Philippine reality competition television series. The series documents drag queen Manila Luzon in search of the next "Filipino Drag Supreme". The series is produced by Cornerstone Studios and Project 8 Projects. The series ran from December 8, 2022 to March 7, 2024, through Amazon Prime Video internationally.

## Series overview 
### Season 1 (2022–23) 
Eight drag queens competed for the title as the "Filipino's First Drag Supreme". The first season premiered on December 8, 2022, and it concluded on January 19, 2023. Naia won the first season, with Shewarma and Maria Cristina as the runners-up.

### Season 2 (2023–24) 
Manila Luzon and Rod Singh announced a casting call for season two on social media. The casting call was open until April 30, 2023.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* *Drag Den* at Amazon Prime Video
SPT-CL J0546-5345

**SPT-CL J0546-5345**

is a very massive galaxy cluster, it is one of the most massive galaxy clusters ever found in the early universe. The cluster is thought to be located 7 billion light years away. It was discovered at the South Pole Telescope in 2008 by the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich-Effect. The cluster has a redshift of z = 1.067.  Follow-up studies using the Spitzer, Chandra, and optical telescopes allowed to identify cluster members and to measure the redshift. Using the velocity dispersion, the mass of the cluster has been estimated to 1015 solar masses.

## References
DocuSign

**DocuSign** is a software company that provides electronic signature technology and digital transaction management services. Their eSignature technology allows users to sign, send, and manage electronic documents securely and legally, eliminating the need for physical paperwork. 

## History 
DocuSign was founded in 2003 by Court Lorenzini, Tom Gonser, and Eric Ranft. In June 2010, DocuSign added support for iPhone, iPad and phone-based user authentication.

In July 2012, DocuSign raised $47.5 million in venture funding from investors including Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers.

In September 2022, DocuSign appointed  Allan Thygesen as its new CEO.

DocuSign's digital transaction management services provide a platform for businesses to manage and track the entire lifecycle of a digital transaction. The company went public on the NASDAQ on April 27, 2018. They have also acquired other companies, such as SpringCM and Seal Software.

## References
Hindis

The **Hindis** or in Turkish **Hindliler**, was called Dervish from Hindustan (Indian subcontinent) who came between 1695 – 1808, and established Sufism lodges in the Ottoman Empire especially in Istanbul, but also in other big cities.

## References
Bionic Tower

The **Bionic Tower** was a visionary vertical city, a very large building designed for human home by Spanish architects Eloy Celaya, María Rosa Cervera and Javier Gómez. It would have a main tower  high, with 300 stories housing about 100,000 people. The point of the Bionic Tower is to use bionics to solve the world's rising population problems in an eco-friendly way, a very incredibly hard feat to complete.

The Bionic Tower would be exactly 400 meters taller than the now tallest building, Burj Khalifa.

## Complexes 
The Bionic Tower is composed of two complexes put together.  The first complex, Bionic Tower, is made up of twelve vertical neighborhoods, each eighty meters high. The neighborhoods are separated by safety areas to make for easier construction and evacuation in case of an emergency. Each neighborhood has two groups of buildings, one on the interior of the building and one on the exterior. Both groups of buildings are located around large gardens and pools. The second complex, also called the Base Island, is 1,000 meters in diameter, and is made up of many buildings, gardens, pools, and communication equipment. Predicted uses of these complexes include hotels, offices, residential, commerce, cultural, sports and relaxation.

## Bionic Vertical Space 
In 1997, work on the early model Bionic Vertical Space started. This was created by the architects Eloy Celaya, María Rosa Cervera and Javier Gómez through the beginning of 2001. However, Eloy Celaya, who studied at Columbia University, is creating an another project almost the same to the Bionic Tower project.

While in office, then-Shanghai mayor Xu Kuangdi expressed an interest in the idea for his city. Hong Kong also reportedly expressed interest in the project.

## References
Zhangixalus feae

The **Thao whipping frog**, **brown-folded tree frog**, '''Fea's treefrog**, **Fea's gliding tree frog** or **Fea's large tree frog'* (*Zhangixalus feae'') is a frog.  It lives in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, India and China.

This frog lives in trees. People have seen it in evergreen forests near water.  People have seen this frog between 600 and 1400 meters above sea level.

The female frog makes a nest out of foam over the water. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the water.

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in a large place. It lives in protected parks: Hoang Lien National Park, Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, and Phou Dendin National Biodiversity Conservation Area.  But it is in some danger because people cut down forests to build roads and towns and other things that people need.  Visitors to the island may also hurt this frog.

Sometimes people catch this frog to eat or to sell as a pet. People keep these frogs as pets or in zoos because of its bright colors.

## References
Zhangixalus melanoleucus

The **Phou Samsoum tree frog** (*Zhangixalus melanoleucus*) is a frog.  It lives in Laos in Xiengkhouang Province.  People have only seen it in one place: Phou Samsoum Mountain.  Scientists think it might also live in other mountainous parts of Laos and Vietnam.

## References
Oakley Kwon (actress)

**Oakley Kwon** is an Australian actress of Vietnamese and Chinese descent. She stars in the SBS series *Hungry Ghosts*.

## Professional Career 
After starting her acting career in 2017, Kwon has appeared in several Australian productions, including *Homecoming Queens*, *Harrow*, *Neighbours* and *Danger Close: Battle of Long Tan*. Oakley’s portrayal of Diane Tran in *Hungry Ghosts* is her first major supporting role in a television miniseries.

Kwon was nominated for, and won an award in the Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Mini-Series/Telemovie category at the 11th Annual Equity Ensemble Awards, for her role in *Hungry Ghosts*. The awards were judged by the MEAA Equity National Performers’ Committee. 

She Won *Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Mini-Series/Telemovie* or Television Category at the 11th Annual Equity Ensemble Awards. 

## Early life 
Oakley Kwon fled Vietnam at the age of two with her parents by boat. Along the way, the boat engine stopped working.

## References
Asena

**Asena** is the name of a she-wolf associated with the myth of the origin of Göktürks, mentioned in "Wolf Tales" recorded by Chinese chroniclers. The legend of Asena tells of a boy who survived the battle; the she-wolf Asena finds the injured child and nurses it, flees her enemies by crossing the West Sea to a cave near the Kocho Mountains and the town of Toharach. Of these, Jizhi Nishidu became their leader and established the Ashina clan, which ruled Göktürk and other Turkic nomadic kingdoms.

## References
*http://web.mst.edu/~gdoty/poems/altaic/index.html 
*http://www.cangoknil.com/english/essays/creation.html  
*http://www.freenet.kg/kyrgyzstan/manas.html
*http://freenet.bishkek.su/kyrgyzstan/epos.html  
*http://www.bookrags.com/history/dastan-turkic-ema-02/ 
*http://www.necatidemir.net/ 
*https://archive.org/details/Turkish-Turkic-Mythology-Glossary-Dictionary 
*http://www.tuerkische-sagen.de/  
*http://tufak.org.tr/halkbilimivefolklor.htm 

## Related pages
* Mythology (book)
* Social psychology
South Slavs

The **South Slavs** are the Slavic peoples living in south-eastern Europe in the Balkans region. Since the 10th century, they have lived separated from the West and East Slavs by Germans, Magyars and Romanians. The South Slavs are also called *Balkan Slavs*.

## References
Arrondissement of Montdidier

The **arrondissement of Montdidier** is an arrondissement of France. It is in the Somme department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 3 cantons and 109 communes.

## References
Labour law

**Labour laws** (also known as **labor laws** or **employment laws**) govern the relationship between workers, employers,  trade unions, and the government.  

Individual labour law gives employees' rights at work. Employment standards are social norms (sometimes also technical standards) for the minimum conditions under which people are allowed to work. Government agencies enforce labour law. Trade unions also play an important role in labour law, as they represent workers and negotiate with employers on their behalf.

There were laws in Assyria about work. The Code of Hammurabi set the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon.

Labour laws developed more as factories were built in the Industrial Revolution. Laws were passed in the United Kingdom in the nineteenth century to stop young children from working in factories. The Earl of Shaftesbury led the campaign for the Factories Act 1833, which limited the employment of children under eighteen years of age, stopped all night work, and provided for inspectors to enforce the law. Later there were more laws about working conditions for all workers. Similar laws were brought into other industrial countries.  

The basic feature of labour law in almost every country is that the rights and obligations of the worker and the employer are set by a contract of employment between the two. In most countries, employers must give their workers a written contract. There may be a  minimum wage. There may be rules about how many hours a day people can work, about their rights to holidays and to sick pay. There are often rules about safety at work. There may be laws about treating people fairly and not discriminating.  

## References
Gaza

**Gaza** may refer to:

* Gaza, an area of Palestine on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea
* Gaza City, a city in Gaza
* Gaza Governorate, a governorate in Gaza
* Gaza Empire, a former Nguni kingdom in southern Africa
* Gaza Province, a province of Mozambique
* Gazaland, a region in southern Mozambique and Zimbabwe
Burning Love

"**Burning Love**" is a 1972 song by Elvis Presley and was released as a single with the B-side ''It's a Matter of Time''. It went to the top 10 in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. It has been used in various television programmes and movies since the 1980s.

## References
Stop Your Sobbing

"**Stop Your Sobbing**" is a 1964 song by The Kinks and taken from their debut studio album *Kinks*.

## The Pretenders version
In 1979, British band The Pretenders covered *Stop Your Sobbing* as their debut single from their debut studio album *Pretenders*. It went to number 34 in the United Kingdom and number 65 in the United States.

## References
Tarek Fatah

**Tarek Fatah** (Punjabi/Urdu: ; 20 November 1949 – 24 April 2023) was a Pakistani-Canadian journalist and author. Fatah advocated LGBT rights, a seperation of religion and state, opposition to sharia law, and advocacy for a liberal, progressive form of Islam. He called himself "an Indian born in Pakistan" and a Punjabi born into Islam" and was a vocal critic of The Pakistani religious and political establishment. To this end, Fatah had criticized the partition of India. Since 1987 Fatah left Pakistan and settled in Saudi Arabia, before emigrating to Canada.

Fatah died of cancer on April 24, 2023 at the age of 73.
## References
## Other websites
*Transcript of Fatah being interviewed by CNN's Glenn Beck
*Transcript - Tarek Fatah's address to Canada's Senate Committee on National Security and Defence
Making Love Out of Nothing at All

"**Making Love Out of Nothing at All**" is a 1983 power ballad by English-Australian band Air Supply. It was taken from their 1983 album *Greatest Hits*. It went to number 2 in the United States, number 3 in Canada, number 5 in South Africa, number 30 in Ireland, number 45 in Australia and number 80 in the United Kingdom.

## Bonnie Tyler version
In 1995, Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler released a cover version of the single from her 11th studio album *Free Spirit*.

## References
Underground (David Bowie song)

"**Underground**" is a 1986 song by David Bowie and taken from the 1986 movie *Labyrinth*. It went to number 6 in New Zealand and the Netherlands, number 7 in Finland, number 10 in Belgium, number 11 in Spain, number 14 in Switzerland, number 19 in Sweden, number 20 in Germany, number 21 in the United Kingdom, number 26 in Australia and number 73 in Canada.

## Track listing 
All tracks by Bowie

### 7" Commercial Single/12" Promo Single: EMI / EA 216 (UK) 
# "Underground (Edited version)" – 4:25
# "Underground (Instrumental)" – 5:40
#*This is the only Instrumental version featuring the backing singers.
All other Instrumental versions are slightly longer, backing-tracks only except on the back of the promo 12-inch single.

### 12" Club Single: EMI / 12EA 216 (UK) 
# "Underground (Extended dance mix)"   – 7:51
# "Underground (Dub)" – 5:59
# "Underground (Instrumental)" – 5:54

* Additional production and Re-mix by Steve Thompson and Michael Barbiero.

### 7" Picture Disc: EMI / EAP 216 (UK) 
# "Underground (Edited version)" – 4:25
# "Underground (Instrumental)" – 5:52

### Download: EMI / iEA 216 (UK) 
# "Underground (Edited version)" – 4:25
# "Underground (Extended dance mix)"   – 7:51
# "Underground (Instrumental of album version)" – 5:54
# "Underground (Dub)" – 5:59

* released in 2007

## References
**Books**

*
Over the Brooklyn Bridge

***Over the Brooklyn Bridge*** is a 1984 American romantic comedy movie directed by Menahem Golan. It stars Elliott Gould, Margaux Hemingway, Sid Caesar, Burt Young, Shelley Winters, Carol Kane, Robert Gossett and Sarah Michelle Gellar. It was distributed by MGM.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Cobra (1925 movie)

***Cobra*** is a 1925 American drama movie directed by Joseph Henabery and was based on the 1924 play of the same name by Martin Brown. It stars Rudolph Valentino, Nita Naldi, Casson Ferguson, Gertrude Olmstead, Eileen Percy, Claire De Lorez, Harry Barrows, Lillian Langdon and Hector V. Sarno. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
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Stress–strain curve

A **stress-strain curve** is a graph that is used to describe the relationship between stress and strain of a specific material. Stress is captured on the y-axis while strain is on the x-axis. **Stress** is the amount of force needed to change the material's shape: in this case, to make it longer. **Strain** is a measurement of how much the shape changes.

This graph is usually made by testing a material with a tensile test. A force, of varying amounts, is used to pull the sample apart at a constant rate until it breaks. This graph is used to show important characteristics of a material such as the yield strength, ultimate strength, fracture point, strain hardening, necking, and Young's modulus.

* Yield strength - point after which permanent, un-fixable damage occurs (like overstretching a rubber band and now it is larger than it was originally)
* Ultimate strength - strongest recorded measurement of the material, also known as maximum stress
* Fracture point - point at which the material breaks
* Strain hardening - area where the material becomes stronger but is undergoing permanent, un-fixable damage
* Necking - region on graph where the material is past its ultimate strength and where the material is becoming smaller in area at the location where it breaks
* Young's modulus - the slope of the stress-strain curve before the yield strength point, used to describe "plastic" deformation. That is damage to the material that can be completely reversed (think of stretching a rubber band and returning it back to place and it's back to its original size)

## Related pages
* Strength of materials

*Tension (mechanics)
Inherent vowel

An **inherent vowel** is a vowel that must be spoken, even if it is not written down. Inherent vowels exist in abugidas, or alphabets centered around consonants. Most words in abugidas have consonants and vowels written in them, but even if a word if written without any vowels, a vowel must still be spoken.

For example, the word for "ant" in Thai มด would be written as *md* in the Roman alphabet, but it must be said as *mót*, with *ó* being the inherent, unwritten vowel in the word.

An example of a word in Thai with two or more syllables and an inherent vowel is สวัสดี, which would be written as *swàtdee* without spaces and *s-wàt-dee* with spaces, but it must be pronounced as *sà-wàt-dee* because even though the first syllable is only written as *s*, in must be spoken as *sà* because consonants may not be spoken without any vowels. 

The names of Thai letters show how inherent vowels are used. In Thai, each letter's name has at least two syllables, with the first being the consonant with the inherent vowel and the second syllable being the word where the consonant is used. The letter ก is named ก ไก่, or *gaw gài.* The letter itself, the first syllable, is always pronounced with -*aw* after the consonant.

Writing systems with inherent vowels often use a special marking to silence the inherent vowel so that only a consonant is spoken, such as the *virama* found in many South Asian scripts. Other systems rely on the reader's knowledge of the language to know the difference between a consonant with the inherent vowel from a pure consonant (Hindi, Old Persian cuneiform) or to know a particular vowel-marked form from a pure consonant (Ge'ez and related scripts).

For example, the Hindi word कष is pronounced *kaṣa*, but क्‌ष is pronounced *kṣa*, because the virama symbol ् silences the inherent vowel in क *ka.*
Southbridge, New Zealand

**Southbridge** is a small town in the Selwyn District, New Zealand. It is situated 45 kilometers south-east of Christchurch, between Dunsandel, Leeston and the Rakaia River. It has a primary school and had a high school until 1980 when it was shifted to Leeston. It is the home of All Blacks legend Dan Carter.

## References
Dairy Flat

**Dairy Flat** is a suburb of Auckland, 28 kilometers north of the city centre and 8 kilometers south of Orewa. Until the early 1990s most the district produced the most dairy farms 40 to 60 hectares (100 to 150 acres). The growth of Auckland city saw the Northern Motorway on State Highway 1 reduced to grazing sheep, horses, beef cattle or deer. It has a small village shopping centre and primary school that was established in 1878.

## References
Arthur Piantadosi

**Arthur Piantadosi** (November 4, 1916 &ndash; February 23, 1994) was an American sound engineer.

## References
Rowing (sport)

**Rowing** is the sport of racing boats using oars. It differs from paddling sports because the oars are attached to the boat using oarlocks. Paddles are not connected to the boat. Rowing is divided into sculling and sweep rowing. In sculling, each rower has two oars—one in each hand. In sweep rowing each rower holds one oar with both hands. There are several boat classes for competitions. Single sculls are just one person in a small boat.  Shells with eight rowers and a coxswain are called eights. There are many types of racing, but most high level racing is on calm water courses 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long with several lanes marked using buoys.

The first rowing races were on the River Thames in London, in the early 17th century. In the 18th century British public schools set up boat clubs.  Later clubs were started at universities in England and America and public rowing clubs started. 

Rowing is one of the oldest Olympic sports. It was on the programme for the 1896 games but the  race did not happen because of bad weather.  Since then Male rowers have competed in all the Olympics. Women's rowing was added to the Olympic programme in 1976. Today, there are fourteen boat classes which race at the Olympics. 150 countries now have rowing federations. The World Rowing Federation, holds annual World Rowing Championships with twenty-two boat classes.

## References
Hororata

**Hororata** is a village in the Selwyn District, New Zealand. It is situated 5 kilometers east of Glentunnel, 15 kilometers southwest of Darfield, 50 kilometers west of Christchurch and is on the banks of the Hororata River. It has a primary school which opened in 1870 and amalgamated with Te Pirita in 1963. In 2010 an earthquake struck the surrounding region and in May 2021 the golf course located in Glentunnel became unrecognisable following the flooding hit the Canterbury area. It is the home of the Hororata Highland Games since 2011.

## References
Grand Duchy of Flandrensis

The **Grand Duchy of Flandrensis** (Dutch: ) is a micronation which has some claims of territories in Antarctica. It was created in 2008 by the Belgian Niels Vermeersch.

Its was founded on September 4, 2008 as a temporary hobby for two weeks. The micronation is inspired by the medieval County of Flanders (Pagus Flandrensis). Flandrensis was regarded by the founder first as a hobby-micronation, and later as an ecological venture, to raise awareness of ice melting and climate change.

## References
Emirates Lunar Mission

**The Emirates Lunar Mission** was the first mission to the Moon by The United Arab Emirates. The mission by Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre sent a lunar rover named Rashid to the Moon aboard ispace's Hakuto-R Mission 1 lunar lander.
Hakuto-R Mission 1

**Hakuto-R Mission 1** was the first mission of the Hakuto-R Programme. It was ran by Japanese Space Corporation ispace to land a Lunar Lander on the Moon. 

## Launch
Hakuto-R Mission 1 Launched on a Falcon 9 Rocket on December 11, 2022.
It launched alongside NASA's Lunar Flashlight CubeSat. 

## Failed landing
The Hakuto-R Mission 1 crash landed on the Lunar Surface on April 25, 2023.
Tees Transporter Bridge

The **Tees Transporter Bridge** also called the **Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge** is a bridge on the crossing points of River Tees borders between Port Clarence in County Durham and Middlehaven in North Yorkshire, North East England.

## References
Cue (clothing)

**Cue** is a store that sells modern fashion clothing. It was first opened in 1968 in Sydney, Australia. Cue designs are created by its own team in Surry Hills, Sydney, and the clothes are mostly made in Australia. Cue also works with fabric mills in Europe to create unique fabrics and prints.

Cue has stores in many cities across Australia and New Zealand, and also has a store in the exclusive department store Myer.

Cue has won many awards, such as the Prix de Marie Claire Awards, Grazia Fashion Awards, and Myer Supplier of the Year Awards. They have also won awards for their customer experience and in-store initiatives.

## References
Oxford Industries

**Oxford Industries, Inc.** is a clothing company in the United States that sells expensive clothes. They have many well-known brands, like Tommy Bahama and Lilly Pulitzer.

The company was started in 1942, when three people bought a clothing company that made uniforms for the military. In the 1960s, Oxford Industries became a part of the New York Stock Exchange.

Now, Oxford Industries makes more than $1 billion in sales and has over 4,700 employees. 

## References
Something Got Me Started

"**Something Got Me Started**" is a 1991 song by British band Simply Red and is the leading single from their fourth studio album *Stars*. It went to the top 20 in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

## Track listings
* **7-inch, cassette, and mini-CD single**
# "Something Got Me Started"
# "A New Flame"

* **UK 12-inch single**
:A1. "Something Got Me Started" (Perfecto mix)
:B1. "Something Got Me Started" (instrumental)
:B2. "A New Flame"

* **UK CD single**
# "Something Got Me Started"
# "Come on in My Kitchen"
# "A New Flame"
# "Something Got Me Started" (Perfecto mix)

* **US 12-inch single**
:A1. "Something Got Me Started" (Hurley's house remix) – 5:56
:A2. "Something Got Me Started" (Hurley's dub) – 5:44
:B1. "Something Got Me Started" (E-Smoove's Late Night mix) – 5:00
:B2. "Something Got Me Started" (Smoove dub mix) – 5:44

* **US CD single**
# "Something Got Me Started" – 4:00
# "Come on in My Kitchen" – 1:30
# "If You Don't Know Me by Now" – 3:24
# "Something Got Me Started" (Perfecto mix) – 5:13

## References
Run to the Hills

"**Run to the Hills**" is a 1982 song by British heavy metal band Iron Maiden and is the leading single from their third studio album *The Number of the Beast*. It went to number 3 in the United Kingdom, number 5 in Finland, number 6 in Italy, number 11 in Canada, number 15 in Norway, number 16 in Ireland, number 27 in Australia and number 73 in France.

## Track listing
;7" single

;1985 7" Live single

;1985 12" Live single

;2002 7" Red Vinyl single

;2002 Enhanced CD Part. I

;2002 Enhanced CD Part. II

;2002 Enhanced CD European Edition

## References
Tommy Bahama

**Tommy Bahama Group Inc**. is an American company that makes casual clothes for men and women. They also make things like denim, swimwear, accessories, footwear, and furniture for homes. Their parent company is called Oxford Industries. Tommy Bahama products are available at various department stores, such as Macy's, Dillard's, Neiman Marcus, Saks Fifth Avenue, Nordstrom, Lord & Taylor, Belk, and Von Maur, as well as at resort locations worldwide. The company owns and operates over 160 retail stores globally, 14 of which have a Tommy Bahama restaurant and bar.

## History 
Tommy Bahama was founded in 1993 by Tony Margolis, Bob Emfield, and their wives, who imagined a beachy lifestyle where comfortable, upscale clothing was a must. They envisioned printed silk shirts and tailored pants for island living, which formed the basis for the brand's clothing. The company became fully owned by Oxford Industries, Inc. in 2003.

## Liquor range 
In 2007, Tommy Bahama launched its own brand of rum, which includes two varieties: White Sand, a light rum, and Golden Sun, an aged, dark rum. Both are produced by R.L. Seale Distillery in Barbados. The brand has received awards for its rum, including a Double Gold for Tommy Bahama Golden Sun and Gold for Tommy Bahama White Sands at the 2010 San Francisco World Spirits Competition. As of October 2012, the White Sand and Golden Sun rums were placed in Proof66.com's "Tier 1" category, indicating the "Highest Recommendation."

## Headquarters 
Tommy Bahama's corporate headquarters is located at 400 Fairview in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. The building was constructed in 2015.

## References
Orix

**ORIX Corporation** is a financial services company based in Tokyo, Japan. The company provides a variety of services including leasing, lending, rentals, life insurance, real estate financing and development, venture capital, investment and retail banking, commodities funds and securities brokering. ORIX is the majority owner of the ORIX Buffaloes baseball team in Nippon Professional Baseball.

ORIX was  called Orient Leasing Co., Ltd. when it was established on April 17, 1964. The company's name was changed to ORIX Corporation in 1989. It was originally a subsidiary of Nichimen (now Sojitz), a trading house.

In 2007, ORIX was Japan's largest leasing and diversified financial services conglomerate.It had assets of more than US$69 billion and subsidiaries in 24 countries.

In 2013, ORIX acquired approximately 90.01% of the equity in Dutch asset manager Robeco from Rabobank. The total sale price was €1,937 million (JPY 250.7 billion).

In 2015, ORIX and Vinci SA won a 45-year contract to operate Itami Airport and Kansai International Airport in Osaka Prefecture for around US$18 billion.

It provides financial services in North America, Asia, the Middle East, and Northern Africa. Its divisions include Japan-based ORIX Auto Leasing Corporation, which operates in other countries through subsidiaries such as ORIX Auto Leasing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.

## References
Windows Aero

**Windows Aero** (Backronym: Authentic, Energetic, Reflective and Open) is a design language used mostly in Windows Vista and Windows 7. It changed the appearance of many elements in the Windows interface, including the look and layout.

The Aero theme is the default on computers that meet certain hardware and software requirements, and includes animation and transparency effects. If the computer does not meet the requirements for Windows Aero it will default to a basic theme.

Other features enabled by Aero include enhanced taskbar previews, window switching with a 3D effect, and the ability to manipulate windows by dragging them to different parts of the screen. However, using Aero requires a video card with certain specifications and is not available on all versions of Windows.

Windows Aero can be enabled in Windows 8, but was later completely removed in Windows 10. Third-party software can be used to add the Windows Aero theme to later versions of Windows.

## References
Multiconsult

**Multiconsult** is a company that provides engineering consultancy services. They have 2800 employees who work in Norway, Europe, and other parts of the world. Multiconsult is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. They have their main office in Oslo and also have offices in other Norwegian cities. Multiconsult also operates in Europe, Africa, and Asia. In 2015, they acquired Link Arkitektur, which is one of the biggest architecture firms in Scandinavia.

## History 
Multiconsult started with the founding of Norsk Vandbygningskontor (NVK) in 1908. NVK merged with Multiconsult in 2003. The name Multiconsult comes from when Sivilingeniørene Apeland & Mjøset AS was reorganized in 1974, and Stiftelsen Multiconsult became a major shareholder.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Carnegie Investment Bank

**Carnegie Investment Bank AB** is a Swedish company that provides financial services. The company was founded in 1803 and has its headquarters in Stockholm. 

It also has offices in other Nordic countries, as well as in London, New York, and Luxembourg. Carnegie offers services such as securities brokerage, investment banking, and private banking. Its clients include institutional investors, corporations, financial institutions, private equity firms, governments, and high-net-worth individuals.

In 2008, Carnegie Investment Bank AB was nationalized due to the economic crisis. However, it was later acquired by private equity company Altor Equity Partners and investment company Bure Equity in May 2009. The company aims to re-establish itself as the leading independent investment bank in the Nordic region.

## References