March 9

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 141 BC &ndash; Liu Che, known after his death as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne of the Han Dynasty in China.
* 1009 &ndash; Lithuania is mentioned in the annals of Quedlinburg.
* 1230 &ndash; Ivar Asen II of Bulgaria defeats Theodore Epirus in the Battle of Klokonitsa. 
* 1276 &ndash; Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City.
* 1500 &ndash; The fleet of Pedro Alvares Cabral leaves Lisbon. It intends to reach Calicut, India, but gets to present–day Brazil instead.
* 1566 &ndash; David Rizzio, private secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh.
* 1741 &ndash; War of Jenkins' Ear: British forces lay siege to Cartagena in present–day Colombia.
* 1781 &ndash; American War of Independence: The Spanish *Infanteria de Marina* under command of Bernardo de Galvez y Madrid occupy Pensacola, Florida. The Battle of Pensacola lasts until May 8.
* 1796 &ndash; Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine de Beauharnais.
* 1811 &ndash; Paraguayan forces defeat Manuel Belgrano at the Battle of Taguari.
* 1842 &ndash; Gold is discovered at Rancho San Francisco, California.
* 1842 &ndash; The opera Nabucco by Giuseppe Verdi has its first performance in Milan.
* 1847 &ndash; Mexican-American War: The first large amphibious (in–water) assault  in US history begins in Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1848 &ndash; The Bundestag in Frankfurt declares black, red and gold as the official German national colours.
* 1862 &ndash; American Civil War: The USS *Monitor* and CSS *Virginia* fight to a draw in the Battle of Hampton Roads in the first battle between two iron–clad warships.
* 1888 &ndash; Wilhelm I of Germany dies. Friedrich III of Germany becomes Kaiser, but dies only 99 days later due to laryngeal cancer.
* 1896 &ndash; Italian Prime Minister Francesco Crispi resigns.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1902 &ndash; The Italian football club Vicenza Calcio is founded.
* 1908 &ndash; In Italy, Inter Milan football club is founded by angry members of the Milan Cricket and Football Club, which only allows Italian nationals to participate.
* 1908 &ndash; A five–man team reaches the top of Mount Erebus in Antarctica.
* 1916 &ndash; Pancho Villa leads nearly 500 Mexican raiders in an attack on Columbus, New Mexico.
* 1933 &ndash; Great Depression: Franklin D. Roosevelt submits the Emergency Banking Act to the United States Congress, the first of his New Deal policies. 
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: Soviet Air Forces conduct a heavy bombing of Tallinn, Estonia, killing up to 800 people, mostly civilians.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: The bombing of Tokyo by US forces begins.
* 1946 &ndash; Bolton Wanderers stadium disaster in Burnden Park, Bolton, northwest England, kills 33 people.
* 1954 &ndash; CBS programme *See It Now*, reporting on Senator Joseph McCarthy, is broadcast, contributing to the end of the McCarthy Era.
* 1956 &ndash; The Soviet military suppresses mass demonstrations in Georgia, which was part of the Soviet Union at the time.
* 1957 &ndash; A magnitude 8.3 earthquake strikes the Andreanof Islands off Alaska, and triggers a Pacific–wide tsunami.
* 1959 &ndash; The first Barbie dolls are sold.
* 1960 &ndash; Dr. Belding Hibbard Scribner first implants a shunt he invented, into a patient.
* 1961 &ndash; Sputnik 9 successfully launches.
* 1967 &ndash; Trans World Airlines Flight 553, a Douglas DC–9–15 aircraft, crashes into Concord Township, Ohio, following a collision with a Beechcraft Baron aircraft, killing 26 people.
* 1976 &ndash; 42 people die in the Cavalese cable car disaster.
* 1977 &ndash; Hanafi Siege: In a 39–hour stand–off, armed Hanafi Muslims seize three Washington, DC buildings, killing 2 people and taking 149 hostage. 
* 1984 &ndash; Tim Witherspoon wins the Heavyweight Boxing Title, defeating Greg Page in Las Vegas, on points.
* 1987 &ndash; U2 album The Joshua Tree is released.
* 1989 &ndash; Eastern Air Lines files for bankruptcy.
* 1990 &ndash; Antonia Novello becomes the first female, and first Hispanic American, to become Surgeon General of the United States.
* 1991 &ndash; A massive demonstration against Slobodan Milosevic is held in Belgrade.
* 1997 &ndash; Comet Hale–Bopp is seen during the day in China, Mongolia and Siberia, as an eclipse also occurs.

### From 2001 
* 2004 &ndash; John Allen Muhammad is sentenced to death for the Beltway sniper attacks.
* 2006 &ndash; NASA announces the possibility of water existing on Saturn's moon Enceladus.
* 2010 &ndash; The first same-sex marriages in Washington, DC are held.
* 2011 &ndash; The Space Shuttle Discovery is launched for the last time.
* 2011 &ndash; Enda Kenny becomes Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland, succeeding Brian Cowen.
* 2015 &ndash; Villa Castelli helicopter crash: Two helicopters involved in a French Reality TV programme collide over western Argentina, killing 10 people, including 3 of France's most famous sportspeople.
* 2016 &ndash; A solar eclipse is seen over Eastern Asia and the Pacific Ocean. Totality is mainly seen over Indonesia and parts of the Western Pacific.
* 2018 &ndash; The 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, begin.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1213 &ndash; Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1271)
* 1285 &ndash; Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan (d. 1318)
* 1454 &ndash; Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer and cartographer (d. 1512)
* 1564 &ndash; David Fabricius, German astronomer (d. 1617)
* 1568 &ndash; Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian saint (d. 1591)
* 1629 &ndash; Tsar Alexis I of Russia (d. 1676)
* 1695 &ndash; Martin Sarmiento, Spanish writer and scholar (d. 1772)
* 1697 &ndash; Friederike Caroline Neuber, German actress (d. 1760)
* 1727 &ndash; Johann Gottlieb Preller, German cantor, composer and land surveyor (d. 1786)
* 1737 &ndash; Josef Muslivecek, Czech composer (d. 1781)
* 1749 &ndash; Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, French writer and politician (d. 1791)
* 1753 &ndash; Jean-Baptiste Kléber, French general (d. 1800)
* 1758 &ndash; Franz Joseph Gall, German neuroscientist (d. 1828)
* 1763 &ndash; William Cobbett, English writer (d. 1835)
* 1814 &ndash; Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet (d. 1861)
* 1824 &ndash; Amasa Leland Stanford, American businessman and politician (d. 1893)
* 1847 &ndash; Martin Pierre Marsick, Belgian violinist (d. 1924)
* 1856 &ndash; Eddie Foy, American singer and actor (d. 1928)
* 1856 &ndash; Tom Roberts, Australian artist (d. 1931)
* 1856 &ndash; Edward Goodrich Acheson, American chemist and technician (d. 1931)
* 1877 &ndash; Stuart Stickney, American golfer (d. 1932)
* 1881 &ndash; Ernest Bevin, British politician and trade unionist (d. 1951)
* 1882 &ndash; Arthur Beecher Carles, American painter (d. 1952)
* 1883 &ndash; Umberto Saba, Italian poet and writer (d. 1957)
* 1884 &ndash; Johan Salonen, Finnish wrestler (d. 1938)
* 1886 &ndash; Kenneth Edwards, American golfer (d. 1952)
* 1887 &ndash; Fritz Lenz, German geneticist and eugenicist (d. 1976)
* 1890 &ndash; Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician (d. 1986)
* 1891 &ndash; José P. Laurel, 3rd President of the Philippines (d. 1959)
* 1892 &ndash; Vita Sackville-West, British writer (d. 1962)
* 1894 &ndash; Frank Arnau, German writer (d. 1976)
* 1900 &ndash; Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta, Italian aristocrat (d. 1948)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Will Geer, American actor (d. 1978)
* 1903 &ndash; Albert Gregory Meyer, American cardinal (d. 1965)
* 1905 &ndash; Gerardus Philippus Helders, Dutch politician (d. 2013)
* 1911 &ndash; Clara Rockmore, Lithuanian–American theremin performer (d. 1998)
* 1916 &ndash; Puey Ungpakorn, Thai bureaucrat (d. 1999)
* 1918 &ndash; Mickey Spillane, American writer (d. 2006)
* 1918 &ndash; George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party (d. 1967)
* 1920 &ndash; Franjo Mihalic, Croatian–Serbian runner and coach (d. 2015)
* 1923 &ndash; James L. Buckley, American politician
* 1923 &ndash; Walter Kohn, Austrian–born physicist (d. 2016)
* 1923 &ndash; André Courrèges, French fashion designer (d. 2016)
* 1924 &ndash; Peter Scholl-Latour, German journalist and writer (d. 2014)
* 1925 &ndash; Ernest Braun, Austrian–British academic and writer (d. 2015)  
* 1925 &ndash; C. William Miller, American politician (d. 2006)
* 1926 &ndash; Joe Franklin, American radio and television host (d. 2015)
* 1929 &ndash; Zillur Rahman, 15th President of Bangladesh (d. 2013)
* 1929 &ndash; Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (d. 2002)
* 1930 &ndash; Stephen Fumio Hamao, Japanese cardinal (d. 2007)
* 1930 &ndash; Taina Elg, Finnish–American actress and dancer
* 1930 &ndash; Ota Filip, Czech novelist and journalist (d. 2018)
* 1930 &ndash; Ornette Coleman, American jazz saxophonist, trumpeter and composer (d. 2015)
* 1931 &ndash; Billy Frank, Jr., American environmental activist (d. 2014)
* 1931 &ndash; Jackie Healy-Rae, Irish politician (d. 2014)
* 1931 &ndash; Leon Febres Cordero, President of Ecuador (d. 2008)
* 1931 &ndash; Gilles Perrault, French writer and journalist
* 1932 &ndash; Rodolfo Quezada Toruño, Guatemalan cardinal (d. 2012)
* 1932 &ndash; Qayyum Chowdhury, Bangladeshi painter (d. 2014)
* 1932 &ndash; Walter Mercado, Puerto Rican astrologer and critic
* 1933 &ndash; Mel Lastman, Canadian politician, 62nd Mayor of Toronto
* 1933 &ndash; Lloyd Price, American musician
* 1933 &ndash; David Weatherall, English physician and geneticist
* 1934 &ndash; Yuri Gagarin, Soviet pilot and cosmonaut, first person to travel into space (d. 1968)
* 1934 &ndash; Joyce Van Patten, American actress
* 1935 &ndash; Andrew Viterbi, Italian–American electronic engineer and businessman
* 1936 &ndash; Mickey Gilley, American musician and singer
* 1936 &ndash; Marty Ingels, American actor (d. 2015)
* 1937 &ndash; Bernard Landry, Quebec politician
* 1937 &ndash; Harry Neale, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1937 &ndash; Brian Redman, English racing driver
* 1938 &ndash; Tom Adams, English actor (d. 2014)
* 1938 &ndash; Lill-Babs, Swedish singer (d. 2018)
* 1942 &ndash; John Cale, Welsh musician (The Velvet Underground)
* 1942 &ndash; Mark Lindsay, American musician of Paul Revere and the Raiders
* 1943 &ndash; Bobby Fischer, American–Icelandic chess player (d. 2008)
* 1944 &ndash; Lee Irvine, South African cricketer
* 1945 &ndash; Katja Ebstein, German singer
* 1945 &ndash; Robin Trower, English musician
* 1945 &ndash; Dennis Rader, American serial killer
* 1946 &ndash; Alexandra Bastedo, English actress (d. 2014)
* 1946 &ndash; Bernd Hölzenbein, German footballer
* 1947 &ndash; Emiliano Mondonico, Italian footballer (d. 2018)
* 1947 &ndash; Keri Hulme, New Zealand writer
* 1948 &ndash; Emma Bonino, Italian politician
* 1948 &ndash; Chris Thompson, English singer and guitarist
* 1948 &ndash; Eric Fischl, American painter, sculptor and printmaker
* 1949 &ndash; Neil Hamilton, Welsh politician (Conservative Party and UKIP)

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Zakir Hussain, Indian tabla player
* 1951 &ndash; Helen Zille, South African politician
* 1952 &ndash; Bill Beaumont, English rugby player
* 1952 &ndash; Uliana Semenova, Latvian basketball player
* 1954 &ndash; Bobby Sands, Northern Irish political activist, IRA member and hunger striker (d. 1981)
* 1955 &ndash; Teo Fabi, Italian racing driver
* 1955 &ndash; Ornella Muti, Italian actress
* 1955 &ndash; Pat Murphy, American science fiction writer
* 1956 &ndash; Shashi Tharoor, Indian politician
* 1956 &ndash; David Willetts, British politician
* 1957 &ndash; Mona Sahlin, Swedish politician
* 1958 &ndash; Linda Fiorentino, American actress
* 1958 &ndash; Martin Fry, English singer
* 1958 &ndash; Jack Kenny, American television producer and writer
* 1959 &ndash; Takaaki Kajita, Japanese physicist
* 1959 &ndash; Lonny Price, American actor and director
* 1960 &ndash; Elsa Cayat, French psychoanalyst and writer (d. 2015)
* 1962 &ndash; Pete Wishart, Scottish musician and politician (Scottish National Party) 
* 1963 &ndash; Jean-Marc Vallée, Canadian movie director and screenwriter
* 1964 &ndash; Juliette Binoche, French actress
* 1964 &ndash; Valérie Lemercier, French actress, singer and director 
* 1964 &ndash; Herbert Fandel, German football referee
* 1965 &ndash; Antonio Saca, former President of El Salvador
* 1965 &ndash; Mike Pollock, American actor
* 1968 &ndash; Youri Djorkaeff, French footballer
* 1968 &ndash; Maggie Aderin-Pocock, English space scientist
* 1968 &ndash; Johnny Kelly, American drummer
* 1969 &ndash; Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, American basketball player
* 1970 &ndash; Martin Johnson, English rugby player and coach
* 1970 &ndash; Shannon Leto, American musician and actor
* 1970 &ndash; David Guido Pietroni, Italian movie director and producer
* 1971 &ndash; Diego Torres, Argentine singer
* 1972 &ndash; Jean Louisa Kelly, American actress and singer
* 1973 &ndash; Matteo Salvini, Italian politician
* 1975 &ndash; Roy Makaay, Dutch footballer
* 1975 &ndash; Juan Sebastian Veron, Argentine footballer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Ben Mulroney, Canadian television host
* 1978 &ndash; Lucas Neill, Australian footballer
* 1980 &ndash; Chingy, American rapper and writer
* 1980 &ndash; Matthew Gray Gubler, American actor
* 1983 &ndash; Luke Charteris, Welsh rugby player
* 1983 &ndash; Clint Dempsey, American footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Maite Perroni, Mexican singer-songwriter and actress
* 1984 &ndash; Julia Mancuso, American skier
* 1986 &ndash; Brittany Snow, American actress
* 1987 &ndash; Bow Wow, American rapper
* 1987 &ndash; Stacey Dooley, English television presenter
* 1988 &ndash; Alodia Gosiengfiao, Filipino model, actress and singer
* 1989 &ndash; Taeyeon, South Korean singer (Girls' Generation)
* 1989 &ndash; Artem Borodulin, Russian figure skater
* 1989 &ndash; Klariza Clayton, English actress
* 1990 &ndash; Daley Blind, Dutch footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Bilel Ifa, Tunisian footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Tatsuki Machida, Japanese figure skater
* 1991 &ndash; Jade Etherington, English skier
* 1993 &ndash; Suga, South Korean rapper, singer and actress
* 1994 &ndash; Morgan Rielly, Canadian ice hockey player
* 2018 &ndash; Princess Adrienne, Duchess of Blekinge, Swedish royal

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 1202 &ndash; Sverre of Norway
* 1440 &ndash; Saint Frances of Rome, Italian nun (b. 1384)
* 1566 &ndash; David Rizzio, Italian secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1533)
* 1649 &ndash; James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, Scottish statesman (b. 1606)
* 1649 &ndash; Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, English soldier (b. 1590)
* 1661 &ndash; Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1602)
* 1808 &ndash; Joseph Bonomi the Elder, Italian architect (b. 1739)
* 1825 &ndash; Anna Laetitia Barbauld, English poet, essayist and writer (b. 1743)
* 1831 &ndash; Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, German writer (b. 1752)
* 1847 &ndash; Mary Anning, English paleontologist (b. 1799) 
* 1851 &ndash; Hans Christian Orsted, Danish physicist (b. 1777)
* 1888 &ndash; Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany (b. 1797)
* 1895 &ndash; Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer (b. 1836)
* 1897 &ndash; Jamal-al-Din Afghani, Afghan politician and activist (b. 1838)
* 1897 &ndash; Sondre Norheim, Norwegian skier (b. 1825)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1918 &ndash; Frank Wedekind, German writer (b. 1864)
* 1926 &ndash; Usui Mikao, Japanese founder of Reiki healing (b. 1865)
* 1936 &ndash; Sri Yukteswar Giri, Indian guru and swami (b. 1855)
* 1936 &ndash; Sidney Johnston Catts, Governor of Florida (b. 1863)
* 1945 &ndash; Margot Frank, sister of Anne Frank (b. 1926)
* 1952 &ndash; Alexandra Kollontai, Russian revolutionary, diplomat and writer (b. 1872)
* 1954 &ndash; Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs, German astronomer (b. 1912)
* 1955 &ndash; Miroslava, Czech–Mexican actress (b. 1925)
* 1962 &ndash; Zdenek Nejedly, Czech historian, literary critic and musicologist (b. 1878)
* 1971 &ndash; Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Church (b. 1902)
* 1974 &ndash; Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr., American physiologist (b. 1915)
* 1981 &ndash; Max Delbrück, German–American physicist and geneticist (b. 1906) 
* 1983 &ndash; Ulf von Euler, Swedish physiologist (b. 1905)
* 1983 &ndash; Faye Emerson, American actress (b. 1917)
* 1988 &ndash; Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Chancellor of West Germany (b. 1904)
* 1992 &ndash; Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1913)
* 1993 &ndash; C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian (b. 1909)
* 1994 &ndash; Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (b. 1917)
* 1996 &ndash; George Burns, American actor and singer (b. 1896)
* 1997 &ndash; Terry Nation, Welsh writer and screenwriter (b. 1930)
* 1997 &ndash; The Notorious B. I. G., American rapper (b. 1972)

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (b. 1946)
* 2004 &ndash; Albert Mol, Dutch actor (b. 1917)
* 2006 &ndash; Geir Ivarsøy, Norwegian programmer, co–founder of Opera Software ASA (b. 1957)
* 2006 &ndash; Anna Moffo, American operatic soprano (b. 1932)
* 2007 &ndash; Brad Delp, American singer and musician (b. 1951)
* 2010 &ndash; Granny D, American political activist (b. 1910)
* 2012 &ndash; Jose Tomas Sanchez, Filipino cardinal (b. 1920)
* 2013 &ndash; Viren J. Shah, Indian politician, 21st Governor of West Bengal (b. 1926)
* 2014 &ndash; Carlos Moreno, Argentine actor (b. 1938)
* 2014 &ndash; Gerard Mortier, Belgian opera director and administrator (b. 1943)
* 2014 &ndash; Glenn McDuffie, American World War II sailor (b. 1927)
* 2014 &ndash; Mohammed Fahim, Vice President of Afghanistan (b. 1957)
* 2014 &ndash; William Clay Ford, Sr., American businessman (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; Jack Harte, Irish politician (b. 1920)
* 2015 &ndash; James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead, Northern Irish politician (b. 1920)
* 2015 &ndash; David B. Frohnmayer, American attorney (b. 1940)
* 2015 &ndash; Windell Middlebrooks, American actor (b. 1979)
* 2015 &ndash; Juanita Morrow Nelson, American activist (b. 1923)
* 2015 &ndash; Frei Otto, German architect (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; French sportspeople killed in the Villa Castelli helicopter crash in Argentina:
**Florence Arthaud, French sailor (b. 1957)
**Camille Muffat, French swimmer (b. 1989)
**Alexis Vastine, French boxer (b. 1986)
* 2016 &ndash; Clyde Lovellette, American basketball player (b. 1929)
* 2016 &ndash; Nana Vasconcelos, Brazilian jazz musician (b. 1944)
* 2016 &ndash; Sergio Arellano Stark, Chilean military officer (b. 1921)
* 2016 &ndash; Jon English, English–Australian musician and actor (b. 1949)
* 2016 &ndash; Ray Griff, Canadian singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
* 2016 &ndash; Robert Horton, American actor (b. 1924)
* 2016 &ndash; Bill Wade, American football player (b. 1930)
* 2017 &ndash; Anthony Delhalle, French motorcycle racer (b. 1982)
* 2017 &ndash; Hla Myint, Burmese economist (b. 1920)
* 2017 &ndash; Kasugafuji Akihiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1966)
* 2017 &ndash; Barbara Helsingius, Finnish singer, poet and fencer (b. 1937)
* 2018 &ndash; Chris Gedney, American football player (b. 1970)
* 2018 &ndash; Jo Min-ki, South Korean actor and professor (b. 1965)
* 2018 &ndash; Jung Jae-sung, South Korean badminton player (b. 1982)
* 2018 &ndash; George A. Sinner, American politician, Governor of North Dakota (b. 1928)
* 2018 &ndash; Ion Voinescu, Romanian footballer (b. 1929)
* 2018 &ndash; Oskar Gröning, German war criminal (b. 1921)
* 2018 &ndash; Ali Asghar Khodadoust, Iranian surgeon (b. 1935)
* 2018 &ndash; Millie Dunn Veasey, American activist (b. 1918) 
* 2019 &ndash; Jed Allan, American actor (b. 1935)
* 2019 &ndash; Alberto Bucci, Italian basketball coach (b. 1948)
* 2019 &ndash; Bernard Binlin Dadié, Ivorian novelist, playwright and poet (b. 1916)
* 2019 &ndash; Vladimir Etush, Russian actor (b. 1922)
* 2019 &ndash; Harry Howell, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1932)

## Observances 
* Teacher's Day (Lebanon)