open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Blood doping

**Blood doping** is a way of increasing the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream. This is done to improve athletic performance. Because blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a having more red cells in the blood can improve an athlete's aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and endurance. Many methods of blood doping are illegal, particularly in professional sport.

There are a number of different methods. Frozen blood taken from the individual previously can be used for a later transplant; packed red cells from a compatible donor may be used, and blood substitutes may be used. The growth area in illegal blood doping of athletes is blood substitutes.

## Related pages 
* Doping in sport

## References
SummerSlam (2014)

**SummerSlam (2014)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on August 17, 2014 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. It was the twenty-seventh SummerSlam event held by WWE and the first to also stream live on the WWE Network. 

The main event saw Brock Lesnar defeat John Cena to win his fourth WWE World Heavyweight Championship.

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official SummerSlam 2014 website
Lewis Baltz

**Lewis Baltz** (September 12, 1945 – November 22, 2014) was an American visual artist and photographer. He became an important figure in the New Topographics movement of the late 1970s. His work has been published in a number of books, presented in many exhibitions. He wrote for many journals, and contributed regularly to ''L'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui*.

Baltz died in Paris, France from a long-illness, aged 69.

## References
## Other websites
**Lewis Baltz * Faculty website at European Graduate School. (Biography, bibliography and articles)
**George Eastman House Lewis Baltz Series ''
*Oral history interview with Lewis Baltz, 2009 Nov. 15-17 from the Smithsonian Archives of American Art
Hell in a Cell (2014)

**Hell in a Cell (2014)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on October 26, 2014 at American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas. It was the sixth Hell in a Cell event held by WWE and the first to also stream live on the WWE Network. 

There were two main events on the card. The first main event saw John Cena defeat Randy Orton to earn a future WWE World Heavyweight Championship match. The second main event saw Seth Rollins defeated Dean Ambrose to end their feud.

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official Hell in a Cell 2014 website
Ferdinand Cohn

'', a colonial alga]]

**Ferdinand Julius Cohn** (24 January 1828 &ndash; 25 June 1898) was a German biologist. He is a founder of modern bacteriology and microbiology.

Cohn was born in the Jewish quarter of Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia. This is now Wroclaw, Poland. Starting at age 16 he studied botany under Heinrich Goppert at the University of Breslau. He then moved to the University of Berlin. At age 19 in 1847 he received a degree in botany at Berlin.

In 1849 he returned to the University of Breslau and he remained at that university for the rest of his career as a teacher and researcher. His father had bought for him a large and expensive microscope, which the University of Breslau and most universities did not have at that time. They had microscopes, but not so good as his. It was Ferdinand Cohn's main research tool in the 1850s.

In the 1850s he studied the growth and division of plant cells. In 1855 he produced papers on the sexuality of *Sphaeroplea* and later *Volvox*. In the 1860s he studied plant physiology. Cohn was the first to classify algae as plants, and to define what distinguishes them from green plants.

From 1870 onward he mostly studied bacteria. He published over 150 research reports during his lifetime. The University of Breslau became an innovative center for plant physiology and microbiology while he was there. His classification of bacteria into four groups based on shape (sphericals, short rods, threads, and spirals) is still in use today.

Among other things Cohn showed that *Bacillus* can change from a vegetative state to an endospore when conditions are hard. Heat resistant spores of *B. subtilis* caused a controversy over spontaneous generation. Cohn explained why boiled infusions of hay and cheese could still get microbial growth.  It was because they contained heat resistant spores.

## References 
## Other websites
* Jewish Encyclopedia entry for Ferdinand Julius Cohn
* Ferdinand Cohn in the *Encyclopedia of World Biography*, published by Gale Group (2010).
Bacteriology

**Bacteriology** is the study of bacteria. **Bacteriologists** study, identify, classify, and describe bacterial species.

## Bacteriology and microbiology 
Microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses are studied by "microbiologists". However, bacteriology is a distinct science, because the make-up and inheritance of bacteria is rather different from the other groups.

## Related pages 
*Bacteria
*Microbiology

## References
Stanisław Mikulski

**Stanisław Mikulski** (1 May 1929 – 27 November 2014) was a Polish theatre, television, movie actor. He was a host of the Polish game show *Wheel of Fortune* (*Koło Fortuny*). Mikulski was known for starring in the leading role in the 1967-1968 television series *Stawka większa niż życie*.

Mikulski died in Warsaw, Poland, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Mollicutes

The **Mollicutes** are a class of bacteria with no bacterial cell wall. *Mycoplasma* is the best-known genus.

They are very small, only about 0.2–0.3 μm in size, and have a very small genome. Most move about by gliding across host cells, but *Spiroplasma* are helical and move by twisting. 

Mollicutes are parasites of various animals and plants, living on or in the host's cells. Many cause diseases in humans. *Mycoplasma* and *Ureaplasma* stick to cells in the lungs or sex tubes like the urethra.  *Phytoplasma* and *Spiroplasma* are plant pathogens with insect vectors. Bugs such as leaf-hoppers (Homoptera) are the vectors. They deliver the parasites when they stick their mouth-parts into a plant to suck its sap.

## References
Plant physiology

**Plant physiology** is the part of botany which studies how plants work. That is the physiology of plants. Using a variety of methods, botanists study how plants reproduce, grow, get nutrients, photosynthesise, get water, and so on.

The main topics of plant physiology are photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormones, tropism, nastic movement, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy, stomata function and transpiration.

## Related pages 
*Hyperaccumulator

## References
Ivan Reitman

**Ivan Reitman**, OC (October 27, 1946 &ndash; February 12, 2022) was a Czechoslovakian-born Canadian movie producer and director of Jewish descent. He is known for directing *Ghostbusters*, *Ghostbusters II*, *Twins*, *Stripes*, *Junior*, *Kindergarten Cop*, and *No Strings Attached*. 

He had three children, including director Jason Reitman and actress Catherine Reitman.

Reitman died on February 12, 2022 at his home in Montecito, California at the age of 75.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dorothy Cheney

**Dorothy “Dodo” Bundy Cheney** (September 1, 1916 – November 23, 2014) was an American tennis player. She played most of her tennis at the Los Angeles Tennis Club. In 1938, Cheney became the first American to win the women's singles title at the Australian Championships, defeating Dorothy Stevenson in the final.

## References
Richard A. Jensen

**Richard Alvin Jensen** (July 4, 1934 – November 19, 2014) was an American theologian, author, and the Carlson Professor of Homiletics Emeritus at the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago. Jensen was born in Fremont, Nebraska.

Jensen died in Lakeville, Minnesota, aged 80.

## References
Don Gordon

**Don Gordon** (November 13, 1926 &ndash; April 24, 2017) was an American movie and television actor. He is sometimes known as **Donald Gordon**. Gordon was known for his roles in *Bullitt*, *Papillon*, *Omen III: The Final Conflict*, *Revolt at Fort Laramie*, *The Exorcist III*, and in *Lethal Weapon*.

## Other websites
*
Pat Quinn

**Pat Quinn** could mean:

*Pat Quinn (ice hockey) (1943–2014), Canadian ice hockey player and head coach
*Pat Quinn (footballer) (1936–2020), Scottish footballer and manager
*Pat Quinn (politician) (born 1948), 41st Governor of Illinois (2009–2015)
Long-handled bulb planter

A **long-handled bulb planter** is a gardening tool. It is used to dig s to plant bulbs and other plants. It is also used to put soil back in the holes in order to cover the bulbs. A long-handled bulb planter allows people not to bend when using them.

In addition to bulbs, this tool can be used to help plant other plants which need a similar hole size and depth. For example, it can be used for planting potatoes.

## Reference
Ronald Wayne

**Ronald Gerald Wayne** (born May 17, 1934) is a retired American electronics industry worker. He co-founded Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.) with Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. Wayne drew the first Apple logo. He created the partnership agreement. He also wrote the Apple I manual. After two weeks he amended his share agreement to limit his liability to 10% of the new company and got payment for a total of $800 USD for his services. His 10% share would be worth USD 303 billion today.

## References
Said Akl

**Said Akl** () or **Saïd Akl**, **Said Aql** and **Saeed Akl**) (4 July 1912 – 28 November 2014) was a Lebanese poet, writer, playwright and language reformer. He was thought to be as one of the most important Lebanese poets of the modern age. He also helped create the Lebanese alphabet.

Akl died in Beirut, Lebanon at the age of 102.

## References
## Other websites
* Poet Said Akl- All Poems
* Said Akl's biography
Tapan Raychaudhuri

**Tapan Raychaudhuri** (8 May 1924

Raychaudhuri died after suffering a series of strokes at his home in Oxford, England on 26 November 2014, aged 90.

## References
Renée Simonot

**Renée Simonot** (born **Jeanne Renée Deneuve**; 10 September 1911 &ndash; 11 July 2021) was a French actress. She was known for being one of the first French actresses to dub an English movie. She mostly dubbed Olivia de Havilland and Sylvia Sidney. A stage actress, she appeared in many productions of *Les Misérables*.

Simonot died on 11 July 2021 in Paris, just two months before her 110th birthday.

## References
Wolfgang Suschitzky

**Wolfgang Suschitzky**, BSC (29 August 1912 &ndash; 7 October 2016), was an Austrian photographer and cinematographer. He was best known for his works with Paul Rotha in the 1940s and his work on Mike Hodges' 1971 movie *Get Carter*. He was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Compilation website of Suschitzky's photos 
*Wolf Suschitsky photographs at Lumiere Gallery
*BAFTA tribute to Suschitzky
Connie Sawyer

**Connie Sawyer**, born *Rosie Cohen*, (November 27, 1912 &ndash; January 21, 2018), was an American actress of Jewish descent. She was born in Pueblo, Colorado and grew up in Oakland, California. She retired in 2014.

Sawyer was known for her roles in *The Mary Tyler Moore Show*, *The Rockford Files*, *Hawaii Five-O*, *Dynasty*, *When Harry Met Sally...*, *Murder, She Wrote*, *Home Improvement*, *Seinfeld*, *Boy Meets World*, *Will & Grace*, ''That '70s Show*, *8 Simple Rules*, *ER*, *How I Met Your Mother* and *The Office''.

Sawyer died of a heart attack at her home in Woodland Hills, California on January 21, 2018 at the age of 105.

## References
## Other websites
*
Olaf Pooley

**Olaf Pooley** (13 March 1914 &ndash; 14 July 2015) was an English actor and screenwriter. He was known for his roles in *Highly Dangerous*, *Hell Is Sold Out*, *The Lost People*, *The Huggetts Aboard*, and in *Lifeforce*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dave (movie)

***Dave*** is a 1993 American comedy movie directed by Ivan Reitman. It stars Kevin Kline, Sigourney Weaver, Frank Langella, Kevin Dunn, Ving Rhames, and Ben Kingsley.

## Plot
It is about the President of the United States (Kevin Kline) suffering a stroke while having an affair and the White House Chief of Staff (Frank Langella) and assistant (Kevin Dunn) hiring a double (also Kevin Kline) to impersonate the president.

## Cast
* Kevin Kline as Dave Kovic/President William Harrison (Bill) Mitchell
* Sigourney Weaver as Ellen Mitchell
* Frank Langella as Bob Alexander
* Kevin Dunn as Alan Reed
* Ving Rhames as Duane Stevensen
* Ben Kingsley as Vice President/President Gary Nance
* Tom Dugan as Jerry
* Charles Grodin as Murray Blum
* Faith Prince as Alice
* Laura Linney as Randi
* Stephen Root as Don Durenberger
* Ralph Manza as White House Barber
* Bonnie Hunt as White House Tour Guide
* Anna Deavere Smith as Mrs. Travis
* Charles Hallahan as Policeman
* Stefan Gierasch as House Majority Leader

### Cameos
;Politicians
* Senator Christopher Dodd
* Senator Tom Harkin
* Senator Howard Metzenbaum
* Judge Abner J. Mikva
* Speaker of the House Tip O'Neill
* Senator Paul Simon
* Senator Alan K. Simpson

;Media personalities
* Frank Mankiewicz
* Fred Barnes
* Eleanor Clift
* Bernard Kalb
* Larry King
* Michael Kinsley
* Morton Kondracke
* Jay Leno
* Chris Matthews
* John McLaughlin
* Robert D. Novak
* Richard Reeves
* Arnold Schwarzenegger
* Ben Stein
* Oliver Stone
* Kathleen Sullivan
* Jeff Tackett
* Helen Thomas
* Nina Totenberg
* Sander Vanocur
* John Yang

## Release
It's movie score was composed by James Newton Howard. It was released to very positive reviews on May 7, 1993. It has a 94% on Rotten Tomatoes. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3.5/4 stars. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Screenplay.

## References
## Other websites
*
Pueblo, Colorado

**Pueblo** is the county seat of Pueblo County, Colorado, United States. The population was 111,876 in the 2020 census. Its nickname is "**Steel City**". 

## References
## Other websites
*
*City of Pueblo website
Division of Adelaide

The **Division of Adelaide** is an Australian electoral division in South Australia. It includes the Adelaide city centre and the suburbs of Ashford, Clarence Park, Enfield, Goodwood, Kent Town, Keswick, Kilburn, Maylands, North Adelaide, Northgate, Norwood, Parkside, Prospect, Rose Park, St Peters, Toorak Gardens, Unley and Walkerville.

It was set up in 1903 and is named for the city of Adelaide, South Australia's capital, which was named for Queen Adelaide, wife of William IV.

## Members
Ernest Roberts was elected in 1908 after a by-election caused by the death of Charles Kingston. Kingston, a former Premier of South Australia, had been elected in 1903 unopposed. However Roberts died in 1913 which also caused a by-election. In 1988 Chris Hurford resigned to become the Australian Consul-General in New York, which also caused a by-election.

## Election results
## Notes
## References
* ABC profile for Adelaide: 2013
* AEC profile for Adelaide: 2013
* Poll Bludger profile for Adelaide: 2013
Norwegian Forest cat

The **Norwegian Forest cat** ( or ) is a breed of  cat found in Northern Europe. This breed is adapted to a very cold climate. It has a double coat. The top coat is glossy, long, water-shedding hairs. It also has a woolly undercoat for insulation. The breed's ancestors may have been brought to Norway by the Vikings.

## History 
During World War II, the breed became nearly extinct. A Norwegian cat club helped the breed. They created an official breeding program. It was registered as a breed with the European Fédération Internationale Féline in the 1970s. This was when a local cat fancier, Carl-Fredrik Nordane, took notice of the breed. He made efforts to register it. Currently, the Norwegian Forest breed is very popular in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and France.

## References
Greater Anglia

**Greater Anglia** is a British train operating company that took over the services of the operator of the same name on 12 October 2025. It is publicly-owned through DfT Operator.

## References
Diss railway station

**Diss railway station** is a station in Diss, Norfolk. The station is d by Greater Anglia services. Trains go to and from Norwich and London. Diss railway station is part of the National Rail network.

## References
Elimination Chamber (2013)

**Elimination Chamber (2013)** (also known as **No Escape (2013)** in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It took place on February 17, 2013 at New Orleans Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was the fourth Elimination Chamber event held by WWE. 

The main event saw The Rock defeat CM Punk to keep his WWE Championship. Jack Swagger defeated Daniel Bryan, Chris Jericho, Kane, Mark Henry and Randy Orton in the Elimination Chamber match for a World Heavyweight Championship match against Alberto Del Rio at WrestleMania 29.

## Matches
### Entrances and eliminations
## References
## Other websites
*Official Elimination Chamber 2013 website
Hurricane Edna

**Hurricane Edna** was a  hurricane that hit the East Coast of the United States in September 1954. This storm made landfall over Cape Cod. New Hampshire and Maine were hit very hard. The storm caused 20 deaths. Edna hit a few days after Hurricane Carol had hit the same area.

## References
Michael Rosen

**Michael Wayne Rosen** (born 7 May 1946) is an English children's novelist and poet of Jewish descent.

Rosen wrote over 140 books. He was the fifth British Children's Laureate from 2007 to 2009. He has been a republican advocate, socialist columnist and television presenter.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Michael Rosen blog
*  |T ciao :D
* Michael Rosen  at Penguin Readers' Group
Charlie Hall (politician)

**Charles Albert "Charlie" Hall, Jr.** (May 7, 1930 &ndash; November 20, 2014) was an American firefighter, labor activist, academic, and politician. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from the 118th district. He served as a representative from 1980 through 1982. He was a professor at Florida International University.

Hall was born in Miami, Florida, and died in Tallahassee, Florida, aged 84.

## References
Bojihwayangdong buralsongseonsaeng

***Bojihwayangdong buralsongseonsaeng*** () is a bilingual pun in Classical Chinese and Korean. It is part of the literature of the Joseon period of Korea. It has historically been used as a source of humour in Korean.

When Heo Mok was ordered to attend the academy of the more senior scholar Song Siyeol at Hwayang-dong, he made the journey. Once he got there, he was forced to wait for a long time. Then he found out the appointment had been cancelled. Heo Mok angrily stated "*bojihwayangdong buralsongseonsaeng*". In Classical Chinese, the statement means "Walked to Hwayang-dong; did not see teacher Song", but in native Korean, *boji* () refers to "female genitals", while *bural* () means "testicles", making the expression additionally mean "cunt Hwayang-dong; testicles teacher Song".

## References
## Sources
* 정운채, 강미정 외, 문학치료 서사사전 2:설화편(서사와문학치료연구소 문학치료총서 3) (문학과 치료, 2009년)

## Other websites
* 송 정승과 허 정승에 얽힌 화양동 일화:향토문화자원  "Folk Cultural Resources: The Tangled Anecdote of Minister Song and Minister Heo at Hwayang-dong" 
* 화양구곡과 우암 송시열  "Hwayang Gugok and Song Si-yeol"
Don Lusk

**Donald Lusk** (October 28, 1913 &ndash; December 30, 2018) was an American retired animator and director. He worked for The Walt Disney Company.

Lusk was known for his works in *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs*, *Pinocchio*, *Fantasia*, *Bambi*, *Song of the South*, *Cinderella*, *Alice in Wonderland*, *Peter Pan*, *Lady and the Tramp* and *Sleeping Beauty*.

Lusk died on December 30, 2018 in San Clemente, California at the age of 105.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Audio interview with Don Lusk at The Animation Guild
Pierre Bérégovoy

**Pierre Eugene Bérégovoy** (23 December 1925 – 1 May 1993) was a French socialist politician.

Bérégovoy was born to a French mother and Ukrainian father in Déville-les-Rouen. Bérégovoy was Prime Minister of France from 1992-1993. He shot himself dead in Nevers.

## References
The world's 100 most threatened species

lemur (*Propithecus candidus*), fewer than 1,000 still alive|thumb|right]]

'''The world's 100 most threatened species'* was chosen by over 8,000 scientists from the IUCN Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC), and the Zoological Society of London. The report was published by the Zoological Society of London in 2012 as the book, *Priceless or Worthless?'' 

The species are threatened with extinction, and they have no obvious benefit for humans. This was deliberate, to avoid "vested interests". Iconic and charismatic species, such as tigers and pandas, and economically important species, have many defenders. These apparently "worthless" species had none. The title of the report, "Priceless or Worthless?", is based on that shared quality of the species. The report's co-author, Ellen Butcher, stated one of the guiding principles of the list, "If we take immediate action we can give them a fighting chance for survival. But this requires society to support the moral and ethical position that all species have an inherent right to exist".

Scientists are finding they have to justify funding for protection by showing what the human benefits would be. Jonathan Baillie, of the Zoological Society of London, said "The donor community and conservation movement are increasingly leaning towards a 'what can nature do for us?' approach, where species and wild habitats are valued and prioritised according to these services they provided for people. This has made it increasingly difficult for conservationists to protect the most threatened species on the planet". *Elaeocarpus bojeri*, a flowering plant found only on the island of Mauritius, has fewer than 10 surviving individuals, because of loss of habitat. The Baishan fir (*Abies beshanzuensis*), native to China, is down to five surviving mature individuals. *Priceless or Worthless?* describes the threats that each species is facing, and measures that would help their survival.

## Species list
## References
Gang of Four

The **Gang of Four** () was the name given to a political group of four Chinese Communist Party officials. The leader of the group was Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong's last wife. The other three were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen. They became powerful during China's Cultural Revolution. After the death of Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing plotted a coup d'état to take power. She and her close s in the Gang of Four were arrested and put on trial.

Jiang and Zhang received death sentences that were later changed to life imprisonment.  Wang and Yao were given life and 20 years in prison, respectively. All members of the Gang of Four have since died. Jiang committed suicide in 1991, Wang Hongwen died in 1992. Yao and Zhang died in 2005: they had been released from prison in 1996 and 1998 respectively.

## References
Puja (Hinduism)

**Pūjā** (Devanagari: पूजा) is a prayer service ritual done by Hindus. The word puja comes from Sanskrit, and means , honor and worship. A puja honours one or more deities. It also spiritually  an event. It is sometimes spelled phonetically as *pooja* or *poojah*. A Puja is the most common form of worship in the Hindu religion. It may honour or celebrate the presence of special guests or they're memories after they die. Puja rituals are also held by Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs.

## References
World Bridge Federation

The **World Bridge Federation** (**WBF**) is the international body for contract bridge. The WBF is responsible for world championship competition, most of which is on a four-year cycle. The top championships are those for national teams in Open, Women, and Seniors categories. There is a World Team Olympiad every four years.

The World Bridge Federation was founded August 1958 by delegates from Europe, North America, and South America (now Zones 1 to 3). Each national organisation is in one of the eight geographic zones.

It is incorporated under the laws of Switzerland as a 'non-profit' organization. Harold Stirling Vanderbilt was made the first honorary member of the WBF for his work developing the game. 

## References
Silky sifaka

The **silky sifaka** (*Propithecus candidus*), is a large lemur with long, silky white fur. It has a small range in northeastern Madagascar, where it is known locally as the *simpona*. It is one of the rarest mammals on Earth, and is listed by the IUCN as one of the world's 25 most endangered primates. The silky sifaka is one of nine species in the genus *Propithecus*. The species is only found within a few protected areas in the rainforests of northeastern Madagascar, with most of the remaining population in Marojejy National Park and Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve.

The silky sifaka has a social structure, and lives in groups of two to nine individuals.  It spends most of its day feeding and resting, and spends time to social behaviors like playing, grooming and travelling.  Females occasionally take priority over males during feeding.  Like other eastern sifakas, it eats mainly leaves and seeds, but also fruit, flowers, and even soil on occasion.

It is a seasonal breeder and only mates one day a year during the start of the rainy season.  As with other sifaka species, non-maternal infant care is common.  Group members of all ages and both sexes will often groom, play, occasionally carry, and even nurse infants that are not their own.  The silky sifaka vocalizes frequently, and relies strongly on scent for communication.

## References
Shah Jalal

**Hazrat Shah Jalal** (, , full name: **Shāh Jalāl ad-Dīn al-Mujarrad al-Turk al Naqshbandi**) is a celebrated Sufi Muslim figure in Bengal. Jalal's name is associated with the Muslim movement into northeastern Bengal. Also he is associated with the spread of Islam in Bangladesh through Sufism. Jalal was originally a Turkestani. He arrived at Sylhet in 1303. This is according to a   found in Amber Khana, Sylhet. Dhaka renamed Zia International Airport to Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport. Dhaka and Sylhet had named a University known as Hazrat Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.  The Mazarin is located at Chittagong.

## References
Lucidio Sentimenti

**Lucidio Sentimenti** (also known as **Sentimenti IV**; 1 July 1920 – 28 November 2014) was an Italian football player from Bomporto in the Province of Modena. He played club football for several clubs including Juventus and Lazio. He also played for the Italian national football team nine different times.

Sentimenti died in Turin, Italy, aged 94.

## References
Mark Strand

**Mark Strand** (April 11, 1934 – November 29, 2014) was a Canadian-American poet, essayist, and translator. He was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1990. He was a professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University. Strand was born in Summerside, Prince Edward Island.

Strand died on November 29, 2014, in Brooklyn, New York City from liposarcoma, aged 80.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
Diane Middlebrook

**Diane Helen Wood Middlebrook** (April 16, 1939 – December 15, 2007) was an American biographer, poet, and teacher. She taught feminist studies for many years at Stanford University. She was best known for writing biographies of poets Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath (along with Plath's husband Ted Hughes), and jazz musician Billy Tipton. She was born in Pocatello, Idaho.

Middlebrook died in San Francisco, California from liposarcoma, aged 68.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America
## References 
## Other websites 
*DianeMiddlebrook.com, the author's personal web site
Liposarcoma

**Liposarcoma** is a malignant tumor. It is found on fat cells in deep soft tissue, such as that inside the thigh or in the retroperitoneum. They are typically large bulky tumors. Liposarcomas, like all sarcomas, are rare.

## References
Chris Meffert

**John Christian "Chris" Meffert** (August 11, 1943 &ndash; November 13, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as Mayor of Ocala, Florida from 1977 through 1980. He then served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1980 through 1988. Meffert was born in Ocala, Florida.

Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), aged 71.

## References
Whoopee cushion

A **whoopee cushion**, also known as a **fart cushion, oopsie cushion or whoopsie cushion**, is a type of toy relying on flatulence humour. It produces a noise resembling someone farting. It is made from two sheets of rubber that are glued together at the edges. There is a small opening with a flap at one end for air to enter and leave the cushion. It is used by first  with air, then place it under a chair cushion for an unsuspecting victim to sit on. It is intended to  the person. The Roman Empress Elagabalus was known to use an early version of a whoopee cushion at dinner parties. It is very similar to a pig-bladder used by court jesters in the Middle Ages. It would produce the same results. The modern version was re-invented in the 1930s by the JEM Rubber Co. of Toronto, Canada. Employees were experimenting with scrap sheets of rubber to produce the gag item. 

## References
Eurasian teal

The **Eurasian teal**, **common teal**, or **Eurasian green-winged teal** (***Anas crecca***)  is a duck that lives in Europe and Asia. It is the only kind of teal in most places. Teal is also the name of a color between blue and green. The bird has this color round its eyes.

The teal mates where the weather is temperate, but in winter it flies south to avoid the cold. When it is not starting a family, the teal likes to be with other teals. It often lives in places where the ground is very wet and the wind is usually not strong. It does not go under the water to find its food. Instead, it stays on top of the water and eats seeds and bugs that live in the water.

Some scientists think that another kind of teal, the North American green-winged teal (*A. carolinensis*), is a kind of common teal

## References
John T. Chisholm

**John T. Chisholm** (born in Milwaukee in 1963) is the district attorney of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.  He has held this office since 2007.  Chisholm is known for his successful prosecution of corrupt politicians and police officers, serial killer Walter Ellis, crime boss and preacher Michael Lock, and many associates of Governor Scott Walker.

## References
Antiquarian

An **antiquarian** or **antiquary** (from the , meaning related to ancient times) is a student of  or things of the past. More ally, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artifacts. This includes archaeological and historic sites, or historic archives and manuscripts. The essence of antiquarianism is a focus on the  evidence of the past. It may be better explained by the motto adopted by the 18th-century antiquary, Sir Richard Colt Hoare, "We speak from facts not theory". 

## Antiquarian societies 
In the 18th century a new form of humanism emerged.  men and those interested in history formed new antiquarian . They were not associated with universities. They were formed by  of  and , They had a growing interest in ancient Greece. A fortunate few, mainly Englishmen and Frenchmen, could visit these sites. A lucky few could even afford books illustrating these antiquities.

## Related pages 
* Historian
* Collector
* Connoisseur
* Archaeology

## References
## Other websites 
* Antiquarianism and history
Chinese Rail GKD1

The **GKD1** (D1) is a kind of diesel locomotive used in China. It was built by Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works.

## Other websites 
*Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works: GKD1 Diesel Electric Locomotive
Chinese Rail SS3B

The **SS3B** () is a kind of AC-powered electric locomotive used in China. It was built by Ziyang Locomotive Works in 2002 and is still produced as of 2009.

## Gallery 

File:China Railways SS3B 5048 20141128.jpg|SS3B-5048
File:China Railways HXD1C 6426 & China Railways SS3B 6052 20171028.jpg|SS3B-6052(right)
File:China Railways SS3B 6016 20171029.jpg|SS3B-6016
File:China Railways SS3B Electric locomotives 20111117.jpg|Three SS3Bs in Guiyang

## Manufacturers 
SS3B have been manufactured by several companies:
*Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works(7001)
*Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works(0001~0119)
*CSR Ziyang Locomotive Works(5001~5104)
*Datong locomotive factory(6001~6129)
Snake case

**Snake case** (or snake_case) is the process of writing compound words so that the words are separated with an underscore symbol (_) instead of a space. The first letter is usually changed to lowercase. Some examples of Snake case would be "foo_bar" or "hello_world". It is commonly used in computer code. At least one study found that readers can recognize snake case faster than CamelCase.

## Variants 
If the first letter of each word is uppercase, this is known as Train-Case.

## Programming languages that use snake case 
* OCaml 
* C/C++
* Kotlin
* Perl
* PHP
* Prolog
* Python
* R
* Ruby
* Rust
* V (Vlang)

## Related pages 
* CamelCase

## References
Li Zicheng

**Li Zicheng** (22 September 1606 – 1645), born **Li Hongji**, nicknamed "**Dashing King**"or "**Chuang King**", Li was a Chinese Uprising leader. He was born in Mizhi County, Yulin, Shaanxi in the late Ming Dynasty.

In 1644, he entered and conquered Beijing.He enthroned in Beijing and became the Emperor of the Shun Dynasty.His dynasty didn't last a long time. In May 27 the same year, Manchu regent Dorgon defeated Uprising leader Li Zicheng of the Shun Dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer Beijing. Li died in 1645, aged 39.

## References
Dayananda Saraswati

**Dayananda Saraswati**   (,  *Maharshi Dayānand Sarasvatī*) born (12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883), at Tankara was an important Hindu religious leader of his time. He was the  of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement of the Vedic tradition. He was a scholar of Vedic lore and Sanskrit language. He was the first to give the call for *Swarajya* as "India for Indians" in 1876.

Maharshi Dayananda taught the doctrine of Karma (Karmasiddhanta in Hinduism) and Reincarnation (Punarjanma in Hinduism). He emphasized the Vedic ideals of *brahmacharya* (celibacy) and *Bhakti* (devotion to God). He promoted equal rights for women. This included the right to education and reading of Indian scriptures. He was against child marriage. He was also against idol worshipping and animal sacrifice. He spoke out against other religions, especially Islam and Christianity. He felt they were out to destroy the Hindu faith.

## References
Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever

'''''Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever''''' is a television Christmas movie that stars the famous internet celebrity animal, Grumpy Cat. The movie was first shown on the Lifetime network on November 29, 2014. 

It stars Megan Charpentier as a young girl who adopts Grumpy Cat. Then she finds out that she and the cat can really talk with one another. 

The voice of Grumpy Cat is spoken by the actress Aubrey Plaza. She did not know about Grumpy Cat before working in the movie. To prepare, she learned all about Grumpy's behavior. The movie had already been made when Aubrey did the cat's voice part. Instead of using her script, she made up most of Grumpy's lines that ended up in the movie. The *AV Club* and *Entertainment Weekly* both did not like the movie. *AV Club* said it was "the largest turd in Lifetime's crap crown of original programming." *The Guardian* and *St. Louis Post Dispatch* were a bit more positive in their reviews. The *St. Louis Post Dispatch* said that although the film was "terrible" they still enjoyed it overall.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* ''Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever* Rotten Tomatoes
* *Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever'' Metacritic
Freaks and Geeks

***Freaks and Geeks*** is a 1999-2000 American comedy-drama television show on NBC. It is set at a high school in Detroit, Michigan in 1980. *Freaks and Geeks* has a cult following. The series appeared on Time magazine's 2007 "100 Greatest Shows of All Time" list. It also placed number 13 on the "Best 20 Shows of the Decade".

## References
You're So Vain

'''"You're So Vain"''' is a 1972 pop ballad. The song was written and performed by Carly Simon.

This song is about an arrogant (or unkind) man. Some people wondered who was so vain? She told later in the newspaper that the person’s name contains the letter E. This song is also well-known that Mick Jagger joined and sang backup on the record. Simon also played the piano in the record. It was released in November 1972.

The song has been covered by many artists.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
More, More, More

**"More, More, More"** is a pop single by Andrea True Connection. The song was sampled for Len's 1999 "Steal My Sunshine".

The song was covered by other artists, including Samantha Fox, Bananarama and Rachel Stevens.

This song hit #4 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. It was released in February 1976.
Gunnar Hultgren

**Gunnar Hultgren** (19 February 1902, Eskilstuna, Sweden &ndash; 13 February 1991, Uppsala, Sweden) was a Swedish bishop. He was active within the Church of Sweden. He was the Archbishop of Uppsala between 1958 and 1967.

## References
Ruben Josefson

**Ruben Josefson** (25 August 1907, Svenljunga, Sweden &ndash; 19 March 1972, Uppsala, Sweden) was a Swedish bishop. He was active within the Church of Sweden. He was the Archbishop of Uppsala between 1967 and 1972.

## References
Olof Sundby

**Olof Sundby** (6 December 1917, Karlskoga, Sweden &ndash; 6 December 1996 in Lund, Sweden) was a Swedish bishop. He was active within the Church of Sweden.. He was the Archbishop of Uppsala between 1972 and 1983.

## References
World Almanac

***The World Almanac and Book of Facts*** is a reference book. It has information on tragedies, sports, weather and celebrities. The book was #1 on the *Washington Post* bestseller list in November 2011.

The book has been published every year since 1868, except between 1876 and 1885.

Rosie Perez reads the book in ''White Men Can't Jump''.
Hans Olof Holmström

**Hans Olof Holmström** (15 October 1784, Ösmno Parish, Sweden &ndash; 27 August 1855 in Uppsala, Sweden) was a Swedish bishop. He was active within the Church of Sweden.. He was the Archbishop of Uppsala between 1852-1855.

## References
Magdalena Forsberg

**Magdalena "Magda" Forsberg** (born 25 July 1967 in Ullånger, Sweden as **Magdalena Wallin**) is a Swedish former cross country skier and biathlete. She won the overall Biathlon World Cup for six years straight between the seasons of 1996-1997 and 2001/2002. She also won several Biathlon World Championships titles. She also participated in the Cross-Country Skiing World Cup between the seasons of 1987/1988 and 1995/1996. Her best results at the Winter Olympics were in Albertville in 1992 where she finished seventh in the 4 × 5&nbsp;km relay and 26th in the 15&nbsp;km event.

## References 
## Other websites
Anja Pärson

**Anja Sofia Tess Pärson** (; born 25 April 1981) in Tärnaby, Sweden is a Swedish former alpine skier. She won several Olympic titles and World Championship titles. In 2003 and 2004, she also won the total Alpine Skiing World Cup. Totally, she won 42 World Cup events.

## World Cup
### Standings
### Individual wins
## References 
## Other websites
*
*
Antje Jackelén

**Antje Jackelén**, born 4 June 1955 in Herdecke, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany, is the Protestant (Lutheran) archbishop of Uppsala in Sweden. She is primate *(prima inter pares)* of the Church of Sweden. On 15 October 2013, she was elected the 70th Archbishop of Uppsala. She was formally received through a service inside the Uppsala Cathedral on 15 June 2014. This made her the Church of Sweden's first archbishop to be born outside Sweden since the 12th century. She also became the denomination's first female archbishop.

The Church of Sweden announced on 7 December 2022 that she would retire. She laid down her bishop's staff during a church service inside the Uppsala Cathedral on 30 October 2022.

## References 
## Other websites
Ingemar Stenmark

**Jan Ingemar Stenmark** (), born 18 March 1956 in Joesjö, Sweden  is a Swedish former Alpine World Cup skier. He competed at international level between the early 1970s and the late 1980s. He won several titles during the World Championship titles, the Olympic Games and the World Cup.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit

The **Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit** (abbreviated **IMWaRU**) is a research group. They are part of the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and have been operating there since 2011.

## Unit Structure
The unit deals with many water based s and problematic circumstances in industry and mining settings.

## Collaboration
The unit works with the Schools of Law, Chemistry, Civil and Mining engineering at the University.

Members of the group have given presentations at: 
*South African Institution of Chemical Engineering 2012 (Champagne Sports Resorts, South Africa);
*Water Institute of Southern Africa 2012 (Cape Town, South Africa);
*International Conference on Energy, Nanotechnology and Environmental Sciences 2013 (Johannesburg, South Africa);
*International Conference on Power Science and Engineering 2013 (Paris, France);
*Water in Mining 2013 (Brisbane, Australia);
*Water in Mining 2014 (Viña del Mar, Chile);
*Water Institute of Southern Africa 2014 (Mbombela, South Africa);
*International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage 2015 (Santiago, Chile);
*25th Annual SETAC European Meeting 2015 (Barcelona, Spain);
* African Utility Week 2015 (Cape Town, South Africa);
* Sustainability Week 2015 (Water Resource Seminar) (Pretoria, South Africa);
* Life Cycle Management 2015 (Bordeaux, France);
* School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering 21st Birthday conference;
* Water Institute of Southern Africa 2016 (Durban, South Africa)

## Location
The main location IMWaRU is probably in the Richard Ward Building on the East campus of a University somewhere.

## Research 
The group has a broad range of research publications in the areas as listed below:

* Acid mine drainage (AMD).

* Constructed wetlands (CW)

* Ecological Engineering

* Life-cycle assessment (LCA)

* Water footprinting (WF)
* prediction of water based malfunctions in drills and pick axes

## References
Gunde Svan

**Gunde Svan**, (born 12 January 1962) is a Swedish former cross-country skier and auto racing driver. As a cross-country skier he won several titles during the World Championship titles and the Olympic Games as well the World Cup.

## References 
## Other websites
Duke of Bedford

The title of **Duke of Bedford** is a British title has been created several times and is today held by the **Russell** family since 1694. The heir to the title is usually given the title of "Marquess of Tavistock". The family seat is Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire. The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael’s Church in Chenies, Buckinghamshire. The family owns the Bedford Estate in central London. The duke is entitled to the style of address of *His/Your Grace*. 

## Dukes of Bedford, sixth Creation (1694) 
:*Other titles: Marquess of Tavistock (1694), Baron Howland (1695), Earl of Bedford (1551), Baron Russell (1538) and Baron Russell of Thornhaugh (1603)*
# William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford (1616–1700), was created Duke of Bedford in 1694, after the Glorious Revolution
# Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford (1680–1711), only son of Rt. Hon. William Russell, Lord Russell (whose attainder had been reversed in 1688)
# Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford (1708–1732), third son of the 2nd Duke, died without issue
# John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford (1710–1771), fourth and youngest son of the 2nd Duke
# Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford (1765–1802), eldest son of Lord Tavistock, died without legitimate issue
# John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford (1766–1839), second son of Lord Tavistock
# Francis Russell, 7th Duke of Bedford (1788–1861), eldest son of the 6th Duke
# William Russell, 8th Duke of Bedford (1809–1872), only son of the 7th Duke, died unmarried
# Francis Charles Hastings Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford (1819–1891), eldest son of Maj.-Gen. Lord George Russell, second son of the 6th Duke
# George William Francis Sackville Russell, 10th Duke of Bedford (1852–1893), eldest son of the 9th Duke, died without children
# Herbrand Arthur Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford (1858–1940), second son of the 9th Duke
# Hastings William Sackville Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford (1888–1953), only son of the 11th Duke
# John Ian Robert Russell, 13th Duke of Bedford (1917–2002), eldest son of the 12th Duke
# Henry Robin Ian Russell, 14th Duke of Bedford (1940–2003), eldest son of the 13th Duke
# Andrew Ian Henry Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford (b. 1962), eldest son of the 14th Duke

The heir apparent is the present holder's only son Henry Robin Charles Russell, Marquess of Tavistock (b. 2005).
Christine McVie

**Christine McVie** (born Christine Anne Perfect; 12 July 1943 – 30 November 2022) was an English singer-songwriter and keyboardist. She is best known for being a member of rock band Fleetwood Mac. Eight songs written and sung by McVie are on the band's *Greatest Hits* album. They include "Don't Stop", "Little Lies", "Everywhere" and "You Make Loving Fun". She also released three solo albums.

In 1998, as a member of Fleetwood Mac, McVie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. She also received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. After retiring from the band, she worked on solo material. McVie appeared on stage with Fleetwood Mac at London's O2 Arena in September 2013. She rejoined the band in January 2014. Her first full shows after her return were during Fleetwood Mac's *On with the Show* tour in October 2014. In 2014, McVie received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Lifetime Achievement.

On 30 November 2022, McVie died at the age of 79 after a short illness.

## Discography
With Fleetwood Mac:
* *Future Games* (1971)
* *Bare Trees* (1972)
* *Penguin* (1973)
* *Mystery to Me* (1973)
* *Heroes Are Hard to Find* (1974)
* *Fleetwood Mac* (1975)
* *Rumours* (1977)
* *Tusk* (1979)
* *Mirage* (1982)
* *Tango in the Night* (1987)
* *Behind the Mask* (1990)
* *Time* (1995)

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Extensive bio, links to charts, discography
*