open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Folk punk

**Folk punk** (also known as **rogue folk**) is a combination of folk music and punk rock. It became popular in the early 1980s by The Pogues in Britain, and by Violent Femmes in the United States. Folk punk got some mainstream success in the 1980s. In more recent years, its subgenres Celtic punk and Gypsy punk have gotten some commercial success.

## Characteristics
Folk punk includes Celtic punk, gypsy punk, riot folk, anti-folk, alt. country, crusty punk, acoustic punk, gutter punk, indie punk, lo-fi punk and many more. Folk punk is linked with DIY punk scenes, and bands often perform in house venues as well as more traditional areas.

Folk punk musicians may play their own songs in the style of punk rock, but using some folk instruments, such as mandolins, accordions, banjos or violins. Folk punk has a history of progressive and leftist political views. Songs often have topics like race, class, feminism, animal rights, queerness and anarchism.  

## References
M (1931 movie)

***M*** (— *M – A City Searches for a Murderer*) is a 1931 German drama-thriller movie. It was directed by Fritz Lang, and it starred Peter Lorre. The film was written by Lang and his wife Thea von Harbou. It was the director's first sound film.

The film focuses on the actions of a serial killer of children and the manhunt for him. The police and the criminal underworld do the manhunt. Now considered a classic, the film was deemed by Lang to be his magnum opus.

## Release
*M* was shown in Berlin on 11 May 1931 at the UFA-Palast am Zoo in a version that was 117 minutes long.

The film later was released in the U.S. in April 1933 by Foremco Pictures.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* The Restoration of *M* (2003)  from TLEFilms.com
**The Mark of M* an essay by Stanley Kauffmann at the Criterion Collection 
* *M* Photographs and literature
* *M* and the making of Peter Lorre
Flogging Molly

**Flogging Molly** is an Irish–American Celtic punk band. It is led by Irish vocalist Dave King. They are signed to their own record label, Borstal Beat Records.

## Works
### Studio albums
* *Swagger* (2000)
* *Drunken Lullabies* (2002)
* *Within a Mile of Home* (2004)
* *Float* (2008)
* *Speed of Darkness* (2011)
* *Life Is Good* (2017)

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Interview with Dave King in the Irish Independent
*Interview with Bob Schmidt in 2007
*Burning Stars Interview with Flogging Molly – 2006 
*Flogging Molly Music Videos-Interviews-Live Performance  at Roxwel
The Moody Blues

**The Moody Blues** are  an English rock band. They were created in Birmingham in 1964. At first, the band had keyboardist Mike Pinder, multi-instrumentalist Ray Thomas, guitarist Denny Laine, drummer Graeme Edge, and bassist Clint Warwick. The group came became famous for their rhythm and blues music. They made some changes in musicians but settled on a line-up of Pinder, Thomas, Edge, guitarist Justin Hayward, and bassist John Lodge, who stayed together for most of the band's "classic era" into the early 1970s.

Their second album, *Days of Future Passed*, which was released in 1967, was a combination of rock with classical music. This made the band early creators in the development of art rock and progressive rock. It has been described as a "landmark" and "one of the first successful concept albums". Health problems led to a smaller role for founder Ray Thomas throughout the 1980s. However, he made more music after Moraz left in 1991. Thomas left the band in 2002. The band's most recent album was *December* (2003), a collection of Christmas music. They continued to tour throughout the first decade of the 2000s. They still regroup for some events, one-off concerts, short tours, and cruises.

The Moody Blues' most successful songs include "Go Now", "Nights in White Satin", "Tuesday Afternoon", "Question", and "Your Wildest Dreams". The band has sold 70 million albums worldwide. This includes 18 platinum and gold LPs. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2018.

All five original members of the Moody Blues – Warwick, Thomas, Edge, Laine and Pinder – had died by 2024. Rod Clark, who briefly replaced Warwick as the band's bassist, and Lodge in 1966 died in 2025. Hayward and Moraz all remain musically active.

## Members
* Graeme Edge (b. 30.03.1941 – d. 11.11.2021) – drums, percussion, vocals (1964–2018; died 2021)
* Ray Thomas (b. 29.12.1941 – d. 04.01.2018) – flute, harmonica, saxophone, percussion, vocals (1964–2002; died 2018)
* Mike Pinder (b. 27.12.1941 – d. 24.04.2024) – keyboards, vocals (1964–1978; died 2024)
* Denny Laine (b. 29.10.1944 – d. 5.12.2023) – guitar, vocals (1964–1966; died 2023)
* Clint Warwick (b. 25.06.1940/1945 – d. 15.05.2004) – bass, vocals (1964–1966; died 2004)
* Rod Clark (b. 23.11.1942 – d. 17.03.2025) – bass, vocals (1966; died 2025)
* Justin Hayward (born 14.10.1946) – guitar, vocals (1966–2018)
* John Lodge (born 20.07.1943/1945 - d. 10.10.2025) – bass, guitar, vocals (1966–2018; 2025)
* Patrick Moraz (born 24.06.1948) – keyboards (1978–1991)

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Go Now: The Moody Blues 1* (1965)
* *Days of Future Passed* (1967)
* *In Search of the Lost Chord* (1968)
* *On the Threshold of a Dream* (1969)
* ''To Our Children's Children's Children* (1969)
* *A Question of Balance* (1970)
* *Every Good Boy Deserves Favour* (1971)
* *Seventh Sojourn* (1972)
* *Octave* (1978)
* *Long Distance Voyager* (1981)
* *The Present* (1983)
* *The Other Side of Life* (1986)
* *Sur la Mer* (1988)
* *Keys of the Kingdom* (1991)
* *Strange Times* (1999)
* *December'' (2003)

## References
## Other websites
Robert C. O'Brien

'''Robert Charles O'Brien''' (born June 18, 1966) is an American lawyer and politician. He has worked privately and with the United States government. He was the 28th United States National Security Advisor from September 18, 2019 to January 20, 2021. He also is an ambassador with the U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs. He is a partner at Larson O'Brien LLP, a Los Angeles-based boutique law firm. In November 2020, O'Brien was seen as a possible candidate for president in the 2024 election.

## References
Peggy Webber

**Peggy Webber** (born September 15, 1925) was an American actress. Her screen debut came in the 1946 movie *Her Adventurous Night*. Other notable roles include Mrs. Alice Rice in the 1952 movie *Submarine Command* and Miss Dennerly in *The Wrong Man*, directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

## References
## Other websites
*
Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission

The **Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission** abbreviated as **SUPARCO** is the national space agency of Pakistan.  It was founded in 1961. Its headquarters are based in Karachi.
It is responsible for the nation's public and civil space programme and for aeronautics and aerospace research.

## Sources 
## Other websites 
*http://www.suparco.gov.pk/
Kaïs Saïed

**Kaïs Saïed** () (born 22 February 1958) is a Tunisian jurist, politician and professor of constitutional law. Saïed is the 6th and current President of Tunisia since October 2019. He successfully ran as an Independent candidate for President in the 2019 election.

## Early life
Saïed is a Professor at the Université de Tunis. He was the Secretary-General of the Tunisian Association of Constitutional Law between 1990 and 1995 and has been the vice president of the organization since 1995.

## Presidency
Saïed received 620,711 votes in the first round of the 2019 election, coming in first place and moved on to face businessman Nabil Karoui in the second round. He defeated Karoui in the October run-off election winning 72.7% of the vote.

The regime being semi-presidential, Kaïs Saïd has a week after his inauguration to charge the party that came first in the legislative elections to form a government. The latter then has one month to obtain the confidence of the Assembly of People's Representatives.

From a practical point of view, he refuses to lodge in the presidential palace of Carthage, preferring his villa to Mnihla, located in the governorate of Ariana.

On October 30, he appointed diplomat Tarek Bettaïeb as head of the presidential cabinet, General Mohamed Salah Hamdi as national security advisor, while Tarek Hannachi led the protocol. Abderraouf Bettaïeb is minister-advisor to the President of the Republic, Rachida Ennaifer in charge of communication, while Nadia Akacha is responsible for legal affairs.

On November 15, 2019, he appointed Habib Jemli, Ennahdha's candidate, for the post of head of government and charged him with forming a government.

On 25 July 2021, Saied fired Prime Minister Hichem Mechichi and froze the Assembly of Representatives, causing a political crisis in the country. In September 2021, he picked Najla Bouden Romdhane to become the next prime minister.

On October 7, 2024, the electoral authority announced the results, Kais Saied was re-elected president of Tunisia with 90.69%.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rex Downing

**Rex Haddon Downing** (born April 25, 1925) is a retired American actor. He started his career as a child actor in 1935. He retired in 1948 and made a small comeback in 2007. Downing was born in San Francisco, California.  His best known role was a Young Heathcliff in the 1939 William Wyler movie *Wuthering Heights* (1939). 

Downing had a major role in the B-Movie serial *Mandrake the Magician* (1939; serial) and played the younger version of Tyrone Power's character in *Blood and Sand* (1941). 

## References
May Britt

**May Britt** (born **Maybritt Wilkens**; 22 March 1934 &ndash; 11 December 2025) was a Swedish actress who had a brief career in the 1950s in Italy and later in the United States. She retired from the screen while she was married to Sammy Davis Jr. from 1960 to 1968. She was born in Stockholm, Sweden.

After the divorce, Britt resumed working with sporadic TV guest appearances, the last in 1988. She then retired and mainly involved in painting. In Italy she also worked as a model for the high fashion designer Vincenzo Ferdinandi. 

Britt died of natural causes at a hospital in Tarzana, California on 11 December 2025 at the age of 91.

## References
Virginia Patton

**Virginia Ann Patton** (June 25, 1925 &ndash; August 18, 2022) was an American businesswoman and actress. She was cast in her most well-known role as Ruth Dakin Bailey in Frank Capra's ''It's a Wonderful Life* (1946). In 1949, Patton retired from acting.  Her last role was in *The Lucky Stiff'' (1949).

Patto died on August 18, 2022 in Albany, Georgia at the age of 97.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
*
Rozanne L. Ridgway

**Rozanne Lejeanne Ridgway** (born August 22, 1935) is an American diplomat. She has worked for 32 years with the U.S. State Department, holding several posts. She was Ambassador to Finland and to East Germany, and finished her career as Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs.

She was president of the Atlantic Council from 1989 to 1996, and currently the chairwoman of the Baltic-American Freedom Foundation.

In 1998, Ridgway was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

## References
## Other websites
*Union Carbid Proxy statement 
*
William Foege

**William Herbert Foege** M.D., M.P.H.
(; March 12, 1936 &ndash; January 24, 2026) was an American epidemiologist. He was seen as the person responsible for "the eradication of smallpox in the late 1970s". He was the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1977 to 1983 during the presidencies of Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.

Foege died from congestive heart failure in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 24, 2026, at the age of 89.

## References
2019 Tunisian presidential election

**Presidential elections** were held in Tunisia on 15 September 2019. No candidate received a majority of the vote in the first round, so a runoff was held on 13 October.

Before the death of incumbent president Beji Caid Essebsi on 25 July, the elections had been planned for 17 and 24 November. However, as a result of Essebsi's death, the elections were brought forward in order to ensure that a new president would take office within 90 days, as required by the constitution.

The elections were the second direct vote for the presidency since the 2011 revolution.

Kaïs Saïed and Nabil Karoui were the two candidates who made it to the run off. In the run-off, Saïed won the election in a landslide victory.

## Results
## References
Armonk, New York

**Armonk** is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of North Castle, New York. It is located in Westchester County. As of the 2020 census, Armonk's CDP population is 4,495 and it has a total area of . Armonk is well known as being the headquarters of IBM.

## References
Dave Barry

**David McAlister Barry** (born July 3, 1947) is an American author and columnist. He wrote a nationally syndicated humor column for the *Miami Herald* from 1983 to 2005. He has also written many books of humor and parody. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary (1988) and the Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism (2005).

Barry was born in Armonk, New York. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Haverford College in 1969.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* *Write TV* Public Television Interview with Dave Barry 
* 
* 
* 
* Rock Bottom Remainders, "Don't Quit Your Day Job" Records
* Dave Barry Interview Podcast – Horace J. Digby Report
North Castle, New York

**North Castle** is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 12,408 at the 2020 census.

## References
National Assembly (Hungary)

The **National Assembly** (; "Country Assembly") is the parliament of Hungary. It is made up of 199 (386 between 1990 and 2014) members elected to 4-year terms. The election of members is based on a system involving both area and list election. Parties must win at least 5% of the popular vote in order to enter the list of members of the assembly (but area winners enter regardless). 

The Assembly includes 25 standing committees to debate and report on introduced bills and to overlook the activities of the ministers. 

The Constitutional Court of Hungary has the right to challenge legislation on the grounds of constitutionality. The assembly has met in the Hungarian Parliament Building in Budapest since 1902.

## References
Levente Riz

**Levente Riz** (December 2, 1974 – September 19, 2019) was a Hungarian educator and politician. He was born in Budapest. He was a member of the National Assembly (MP) for Rákosmente (Budapest Constituency XXV) from 2010 to 2014. He has been the mayor of Rákosmente (District XVII, Budapest) from October 1, 2006 until his death. He died a month later on September 19 in Budapest at the age of 44.

## References
Gheorghe Simionescu

**Gheorghe Simionescu** (1895–1992) was a Romanian Orthodox priest born in 1895 in Pietroșița, Dâmboviţ. He served for many years as a parish priest in his native village. He was a member and local leader of the National Peasant Party.  He was arrested in 1952 and sentenced to 2 years imprisonment for this activity.  Curiously, his name still appears in 1956 on the Council of Europe's list of prominent political prisoners. 

Gheorghe Simionescu died on March 27, 1992, at age 96.

## Citations
## Sources
* 
* 
*
Cooperative gameplay

**Cooperative gameplay** (often abbreviated as **co-op**) is something in video games that allows players to work together as teammates. This would be different from  other multiplayer modes, such as competitive multiplayer modes like player versus player or deathmatch. Playing at the same time allows players to help each another in many ways: giving weapons or items, healing, giving covering fire in a firefight, and doing cooperative things such as helping a teammate go past obstacles.

Co-op gameplay has been becoming more popular in video games in recent years. This is partly because controller and networking technology has become better.

## References
Lola Falana

**Loletha Elayne Falana** or **Loletha Elaine Falana** (sources differ) (born September 11, 1942), better known by her stage name **Lola Falana**, is an American singer, dancer, model and actress. She was born in Camden, New Jersey and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Falana was known for being discovered by Sammy Davis, Jr. and for having an affair with him. 

In 1987, she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. She was nominated for a Golden Globe and Tony Award during her career.

## References
Fallen (Evanescence album)

***Fallen*** is the debut studio album by American rock band Evanescence. It was released on March 4, 2003 by Wind-up Records. Evanescence co-founders Amy Lee and Ben Moody began writing and recording songs in 1994. After releasing two EPs and a demo CD, they signed to Wind-up in January 2001. Some of the songs on *Fallen* are from Lee and Moody's early independent records. *Fallen* was recorded between August and December 2002 in several studios in California, including Conway Recording Studios. It is Evanescence's only album to feature Moody, as he left the band in October 2003.

*Fallen* has sold more than 17 million copies worldwide, including 10 million in the United States. It debuted at number seven on the *Billboard* 200 with 141,000 copies sold in its first week, peaking at number three in June 2003. The album was at the top of the charts in more than ten countries. It was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in November 2022.

## Background
After Evanescence was founded by Amy Lee and Ben Moody in 1994, they independently released two EPs and one demo CD. In January 2001, they signed with Wind-up Records. 

## Track listing
### 20th Anniversary Edition
Each track was remastered in 2023.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* *Fallen* at Discogs
Mort the Chicken

***Mort the Chicken*** is a platformer video game developed by AndNow. It was published by Crave Entertainment. It was released in the United States on November 30, 2000 for the PlayStation. It was released in Europe on January 19, 2001. In 2023, the titular character, Mort, would appear in indie game ***Pizza Tower,*** Bart bash and Doom 2016 as a power-up.

## Story
The chickens live peacefully in a different universe, where chickens are the main species. Mort the Chicken is the star of his own television show. In another universe, cube-like creatures called The Boolyon are spying on the chickens. The leader of the cubes, General Cubicles, notices that the chickens have stacks of hay. The Cubicles mistake them for kidnapped citizens of their universe. While Mort is filming his own TV show, the cubes reach their universe via a well and kidnap all the baby chicks, scattering them across the cube universe. Mort is the only one brave enough to stop the cubes, so he jumps down the well. This is when he starts his adventure to save the baby chicks.

## Gameplay
*Mort the Chicken* is a platformer. The player controls Mort as he explores his world. The player needs to rescue baby chicks and kill cubes. Mort can destroy the cubes using the comb on his head. That comb can be used as a whip. Some cubes cannot be killed. Every time Mort gets hit, the cubes take a chick from Mort and imprison it. Mort's health bar is shown by two stalks of corn. When Mort loses health, part of the corn goes away. Each level has up to 10 chicks to rescue. Mort can also get power-ups. These power-ups include making him jump higher, become bigger, attract chicks, make his neck-whip attack longer, or have chicks attack enemies. Eggs and chicken food are around the levels, and Mort can peck at these with his beak. Eggs give Mort power-ups. Chicken food gives health.

## Reception
*Mort the Chicken* received "unfavorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings.

## References
Saosin

**Saosin** is an American rock band. They started in Orange County, California in 2003. The band released their first EP, *Translating the Name* in 2003. The group recorded its self titled debut album. It was released on Capitol Records on September 26, 2006. Their second studio album, *In Search of Solid Ground*, was released on September 8, 2009 on Virgin Records.

## Musical style
Saosin has been described as post-hardcore, emo, screamo, and alternative rock.

## Albums
* *Saosin* (2006)
* *In Search of Solid Ground* (2009)
* *Along the Shadow * (2016)

## References
Stroke 9

**Stroke 9** is an American alternative rock band. It was formed in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1989.

## Works
### Studio albums
**Boy Meets Girl* (1993)
**Bumper to Bumper* (1995)
**Nasty Little Thoughts* (Universal Records, 1999) Billboard Top 200 peak No.&nbsp;83
**Rip It Off* (Universal, 2002)
**All In* (Rock Ridge Records, 2004)
**The Last of the International Playboys* (Rock Ridge Records, 2007)

### Demo albums
**Bad Language Makes for Bad Feelings* (1990)
*''Music About Friends, Acquaintances, and People We Don't Even Know* (1991)

### Compilation albums
**Hidden Treasures* (Rock Ridge Records, 2005) [unreleased tracks & other demos]
**Cafe Cuts* (Rock Ridge Records, 2006) [acoustic versions of popular songs from their discography]

### Extended plays
**Jessica Album Part 1 (EP)'' (2010)

## Charting singles
## References
## Other websites
*Stroke 9 official website
Terry Meeuwsen

**Terry Meeuwsen** (born March 2, 1949) is an American television personality and co-host for the Christian Broadcasting Network's (CBN) *700 Club*, author and singer.

Meeuwsen was the 1972 Miss Appleton, the 1972 Miss Wisconsin and the Miss America for 1973. She took both the swimsuit and talent competitions. She was the first Miss Wisconsin to be crowned as Miss America.

After her reign as Miss America, Meeuwsen began her television career WTMJ-TV in Milwaukee in 1978. She co-hosted, with Pete Wilson, the daily news and feature program *A New Day*. She hosted the program for almost eight years. She left the station in 1986.

Meeuwsen later accepted a position at the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) in Virginia Beach, Virginia.

Meeuwsen appeared in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a guest co-host. She was then made as permanent co-host for *700 Club*. She sat close to CBN founder Pat Robertson. Since the year 2000, she has co-hosted the CBN television show *Living the Life*. Both the *700 Club* and *Living the Life* show on Freeform.

Meeuwsen was born in De Pere, Wisconsin.

## References
Gary Chester

**Gary Chester** (born **Cesario Gurciullo**; October 27, 1924 – August 17, 1987) was a studio drummer, author, and teacher. He began playing in the 1960s. Chester played on hundreds of records for bands such as The Coasters, The Monkees, and The Lovin' Spoonful. He also played drums for people including the Everly Brothers, Ben E. King, Jim Croce, Dionne Warwick and Bobby Darin.

## References
Christian Broadcasting Network

The **Christian Broadcasting Network** is an American conservative and evangelical religious television network. It also makes its own television shows.

The network was started in 1960 by the televangelist Pat Robertson. Other people who hosted the show were Miss America 1973 Terry Meeuwsen and Danuta Rylko (now known as Danuta Pfeiffer). One of CBN's main shows is *The 700 Club*, a religious and news show which has been on CBN since 1966.
## References
Neper (mythology)

**Neper** was the god of grains, specifically grains that were significant in Ancient Egyptian times, such as wheat and barley. His name means lord of the mouth. Neper also represented sustenance and nourishment. It was said that he predicted the times of the year when the crops grew, were harvested, and disappeared. He was worshipped mainly because he was a god that kept people healthy through their food.
## Mythology 
Neper was a god in human form. However, he had distinctive marks to represent grains. He had dots on his clothing to represent corn grains. He also had grains above his head, like in the picture to the left. He was also often shown carrying wheat, or similar crops. He wore little clothes, like in the picture where it shows him wearing a cloth around his waist. Neper was worshipped all over Egypt. Neper had a female version of himself, called Nepit. Nepit was the goddess of grain. Neper's mother, Renenutet, was a goddess of nourishment, and harvesting, who also represented grains. 

## References
Benjamin Orr

**Benjamin "Ben" Orzechowski** (September 8, 1947 – October 4, 2000), known professionally as **Benjamin Orr** and **Ben Orr**, was an American musician best known as the bassist, primary lead singer and co-founder of the rock band the Cars. He sang lead vocals on several of their best known songs, including "Just What I Needed", "Let's Go" and "Drive".  He also scored a moderate solo hit with "Stay the Night."

Orr was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Cars in 2018.

Orr died from pancreatic cancer.

## References
## Other websites
* [ Benjamin Orr biography]&nbsp;– Allmusic
* 
* Benjamin Orr—Find a Grave
Tropical Storm Imelda

**Tropical Storm Imelda** was a weak though very catastrophic 2019 Atlantic tropical cyclone. The storm struck eastern Texas and western Louisiana. Imelda created a *very* serious flash flood event in both states. It was one of the wettest tropical cyclones in U.S. history, particularly in Texas.

The Galveston/Houston area was *especially* hit hard by Imelda. Several people were killed due to flooding from the storm.

The storm also led to several tornadoes in Texas and Louisiana.

Imelda developed as a tropical storm near the southeast Texas coastline. The storm moved very slowly over southwest Louisiana and southeast Texas.

## References
Take Me Home, Country Roads

"**Take Me Home, Country Roads**", (also called "**Take Me Home**" or "**Country Roads**") is a song written by Bill Danoff, Taffy Nivert, and John Denver about the state of West Virginia. Some people tend to believe it is about Western Virginia or even Maryland . West Virginia is home of the beautiful Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah river.  It was released as a single performed by Denver on April 12, 1971. It got to number 2 on *Billboard*s US Hot 100 singles for the week ending August 28, 1971. The song was a success on its first release. It was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 18, 1971, and Platinum on April 10, 2017. The song became one of John Denver's most popular songs. It still sells, with over 1.5 million digital copies sold in the United States. It is considered to be Denver's signature song.

The song has a status as an iconic symbol of West Virginia, which it describes as "almost Heaven". In March 2014, it became one of the four official state anthems of West Virginia.

## Reception in West Virginia
"Take Me Home, Country Roads" received a positive response from West Virginia people. The song is the theme song of West Virginia University. It has been performed during every home football pregame show since 1972.

This song was played at the funeral memorial for West Virginia Senator Robert Byrd at the state capitol in Charleston on July 2, 2010.

The popularity of the song has gotten bills in the West Virginia Legislature to make "Take Me Home, Country Roads" an official state song. On March 7, 2014, the West Virginia Legislature approved a bill to make "Take Me Home, Country Roads" an official state song of West Virginia. They did this along three other songs: "West Virginia Hills", "This is My West Virginia", and "West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home". Governor Earl Ray Tomblin signed the resolution into law on March 8, 2014.

## Personnel
*John Denver – vocals, 6 & 12-string acoustic guitar
*Bill Danoff - backing vocals 
*Taffy Nivert - backing vocals
*Eric Weissberg – banjo, steel guitar
*Mike Taylor – acoustic guitar
*Richard Kniss – double bass
*Gary Chester – drums, percussion

## Charts
## Certifications
## Other versions
### *Fallout 76* version
A cover version of the song, a collaboration between Copilot Music and Sound and the vocal group Spank, exists. It was commissioned for and shown in both the teaser and full E3 2018 trailers for the 2018 video game, *Fallout 76*. The game's story is set in West Virginia. Released as an iTunes-only single on July 4, 2018, the song reached #1 on the iTunes singles chart. It debuted at #41 on ''Billboard's* Hot Country Songs chart that week and at #21 on *Billboard's'' Country Digital Songs the following week.

## References
Frances Kidder

**Frances Kidder** was the last woman to be publicly hanged in the United Kingdom.  She had murdered 12-year-old Louis Kidder-Staple.  She was hanged on April 2, 1868.

## Related pages
*Michael Barrett, the last public hanging in the United Kingdom
*Robert Smith (murderer), the last public hanging in Scotland and second-to-last public hanging in the United Kingdom
Michael Barrett

**Michael Barrett** was the last public hanging in the United Kingdom.  He was convicted of the murder of Sarah Ann Hodgkinson, one of 12 victims of bombing in Clerkenwell, London.  Barrett was publicly hanged May 26, 1868.

## Related pages
* Frances Kidder, the last woman to be publicly hanged in the United Kingdom
* Robert Smith (murderer), the last public hanging in Scotland and second-to-last public hanging in the United Kingdom

## References
Ronald Gene Simmons

**Ronald Gene Simmons, Sr.** (July 15, 1940 – June 25, 1990) was an American spree killer, who killed 16 people over a week-long period that started December 28, 1987, by shooting and/or strangling, primarily in Russellville, Arkansas and all occurring in Arkansas.  A retired military serviceman, Simmons murdered 14 members of his family, including a daughter he had sexually abused and the child he had fathered with her, a former co-worker, a stranger, and wounded four others.

Simmons was sentenced to death 16 times on February 10, 1989, and after refusing to appeal his sentence, was executed by Arkansas in 1990.

## References
Robert Smith (murderer)

**Robert Smith** was the last public hanging in Scotland and the second-to-last public hanging in the United Kingdom, only succeeded by Michael Barrett.  He was convicted of the murder of a girl.  He was hanged May 12, 1868.

## Related pages
*Michael Barrett, the last public hanging in the United Kingdom
*Frances Kidder, the last woman publicly hanged in the United Kingdom
William Kemmler

**William Kemmler** was the first convict executed by electrocution.  He was convicted of murdering Matilda "Tillie" Ziegler, his common law wife.

Kemmler was executed by electrocution at Auburn Prison, New York State, in 1890.  By the end of the decade, 29 inmates had been executed by this means in the United States. Hanging was still the most usual method.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Harris A. Smiler
Blackface

**Blackface** is a kind of costume or make up which involves putting black make-up on to imitate a racist image of a Black or African American person. Blackface became popular in the 19th century especially during Reconstruction after the American Civil War.

By the mid 19th century, blackface minstrel shows became a distinctive artform. It translated formal works, like opera, into popular terms for general audiences.

Early in the 20th century, blackface came off the minstrel show. It became a form in its own right.

However, in the United States, blackface became less popular after the civil right movement. It is offensive and racist.

The videos for the Culture Club "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me" and Taco's "Puttin' On the Ritz" are videos in which actors in blackface appeared during the early 1980s. The original video for "Puttin' On the Ritz" (1983) was not allowed due to the characters in blackface in that video.

## References
Baby (Justin Bieber song)

"**Baby**" is a song made by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber. It was made available for online purchases since January 18, 2010. It is a pop song with elements from R&B (rhythm and blues) and hip hop.

The official music video is the 39th most-viewed video on YouTube. As of January 2025, it is also the fourth-most-disliked video and the most-disliked music video on YouTube. It had been the most-viewed YouTube video from July 16, 2010.

Bieber performed the song several times, including on *Saturday Night Live*, and the ninth season of *American Idol*. Bieber also performed an acoustic rendition of the remix version with Drake at the 2010 Juno Awards. The official remix in the United Kingdom features British hip-hop artist Chipmunk.

In the official music video, Justin Bieber is at a bowling alley nearby a shopping mall. During the music video, he chases after a girl and encourages her to become his girlfriend.

## References
Sandie Jones

**Sandie Jones** (9 November 1951 – 19 September 2019) was an Irish singer. She was born in Dublin. She represented Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest of 1972 with the song "Ceol an Ghrá" (). This was the only time an Irish performer performed a song in the Irish language at Eurovision.

Jones died of cancer under hospice care in Gunnison, Colorado, at the age of 68.

## References
Wim Crouwel

**Willem Hendrik "Wim" Crouwel** (; 21 November 1928 &ndash; 19 September 2019) was a Dutch graphic designer, type designer, and typographer. He was born in Groningen, Netherlands. 

In 1967 he designed the typeface New Alphabet. In 1970 he designed the Dutch pavilion for Expo '70 (Osaka, Japan). Later, Crouwel designed the Number Postage Stamps for the Dutch PTT, well known in the Netherlands during its circulation from 1976-2002.

Crouwel died on 19 September 2019 in Amsterdam at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*Wim Crouwel bio at Iconofgraphics.com
*Postage stamps designed by Wim Crouwel
*Architype 3 Collection containing Crouwel's typefaces on Foundrytypes
*Definitive digital version of Gridnik on Foundrytypes
**Kerry William Purcell, "Wim Crouwel: Modern Method", Eye Magazine, No. 79, Spring, 2011
Luigi Colani

**Luigi Colani** (born **Lutz Colani**; 2 August 1928 – 16 September 2019) was a German industrial designer. He was born in Berlin. His long career began in the 1950s when he designed cars for companies including Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Volkswagen, and BMW. 

Colani died in Karlsruhe on 16 September 2019 at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites 
* Colani Design Germany GmbH
* Colani Trading AG
* Japanese Colani fan web site
* 3 pictures of the Kitchen Satellite
* Website of his son's design company and his Instagram  and IMDb pages
* Article in the New York Times: Colani’s Concepts Make Concept Cars Look Tame (2007)
Larry Wallis

**Larry Wallis** (19 May 1949 – 19 September 2019) was an English guitarist, songwriter and producer. He was best known as a member of the Pink Fairies and an early member of Motörhead.

## Discography
;Albums with the Pink Fairies, The Deviants and Mick Farren
*Pink Fairies – *Kings of Oblivion* – June 1973
*Pink Fairies – *Flashback* – July 1975 (compilation)
*Mick Farren and the Deviants – *Screwed Up* – November 1977 (EP produced by Wallis)
*Mick Farren – *Vampires Stole My Lunch Money* – August 1978 (produced by Wallis)
*Pink Fairies – *Live at the Roundhouse 1975* – June 1982
*Pink Fairies – *Previously Unreleased* – 1982
*The Deviants – *Human Garbage* – 1984
*Pink Fairies – ''Kill 'Em and Eat 'Em* – 1987
*Pink Fairies – *At the Roundhouse/Previously Unreleased* – 1991
*The Deviants – *Fragments of Broken Probes* – 1998 with Jack Lancaster, Andy Colquhoun
*The Deviants – *The Deviants Have Left the Planet* – 1999, with Jack Lancaster

;As a member of Motörhead
**On Parole* – 1979

;Solo Albums
**Death in the Guitarfternoon'' - 2001
“The Sound of Speed” - 2017
(Rare and unreleased)

## References
Cremin

**Cremin** was a municipality of the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Brenles, Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens and Sarzens joined together to become the municipality of Lucens.

## References 
## Other websites
María Rivas (singer)

**María Rivas** (January 26, 1960 – September 19, 2019) was a Venezuelan Latin jazz singer, composer, and painter.

## Life
Rivas was born in Caracas. Rivas became a leading voice in the region's environmental movement, and her musical message as a composer often had ecological undertones. Rivas recorded eleven albums as a soloist.  Her latest CD, MOTIVOS, was released in 2018  and nominated for a Latin Grammy for the 19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards.

She performed live in Colombia, Brazil, Austria, the Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, France, Germany, Portugal, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain, Great Britain, the Dominican Republic, and the United States.

Rivas died on September 19, 2019 at a Miami hospital of cancer at the age of 59.

## Discography
**Primogénito* (first Compact Disc made in Venezuela, 1990) 
**Manduco* (1992)
**Mapalé* (1994)
**Muaré* (1996)
**Café Negrito* (1999) 
**En Concierto: Maria Rivas y Aldemaro Romero* (2003),
**Aquador* (Soloist and Composer, 2005)
**María Rivas: 18 Grandes Éxitos* (2006)
**Pepiada Queen* (2007)
**Live Lunch Break* (Recorded Live, 2010)
**Motivos* (2018)

## References
## Other websites
*Official Maria Rivas English Language Home page
*Official Maria Rivas Spanish Language Home page 
*mararivasmusic
*Europe Jazz Network (outdated)
*https://www.ntn24.com/entretenimiento/venezuela/suena-triste-el-manduco-cancer-acaba-con-la-vida-de-la-cantante-maria
Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood shooting

The **Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood** was a mass shooting. It happened in Colorado Springs, Colorado on November 27, 2015 at a Planned Parenthood clinic. The shooting led to the deaths of a police officer and two civilians. Nine other people were hurt.

Later that day, there was a hostage situation that lasted just over five hours.

The attacker, Robert Lewis Dear Jr, then-age 57, was arrested. Three days later, he was charged with first degree murder and held without bail.

## References
Lucens

**Lucens** is a municipality in Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## History 
Lucens was first mentioned in 964 as *in villa Losingus*. It was formerly known by the German name *Losingen*.

In 1969, the Lucens reactor, an underground nuclear reactor started operation in Lucens. It soon had a serious accident, resulting in massive radioactive contamination of the underground site, which was then sealed.

The nearby municipality Oulens-sur-Lucens became part of Lucens municipality on 1 July 2011.

On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Brenles, Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens and Sarzens joined together to become the municipality of Lucens.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Hook (music)

A **hook** is a musical idea that is used in popular music to make a song appealing and to "catch the ear of the listener". It is usually a short riff, passage, or phrase. The term generally is used for popular music, especially rock, R&B, hip hop, dance, and pop. In these genres, the hook is often in the chorus. A hook can be either melodic or rhythmic, and often uses the main motif for a piece of music.

## References
.gov

The domain name **gov** is the generic top-level domain used by government websites used in the United States at the federal, state, and local levels. It was one of the first top-level domains, made in January 1985.

The U.S. is the only country that has a government-specific top-level domain in addition to its ccTLD. Other countries typically use a second-level domain for this purpose, e.g., .gov.au for Australia, .gov.uk for the United Kingdom, .gc.ca for Canada, and .gouv.fr for France. Since the United States controls the .gov Top Level Domain, it would be impossible for another country to create a domain ending in .gov, for example, .jp.gov.

Some U.S. federal agencies use .fed.us rather than .gov. The Department of Defense and its subsidiary organizations use .mil.  Some U.S. governmental entities use other domains, such as the use of .com domains by the United States Postal Service (usps.com) and the United States Army (goarmy.com). Internet purists consider these usages to be improper, as these are governmental or military entities rather than commercial ones.

All governments in the U.S. are allowed to use .gov, such as atlantaga.gov for the city of Atlanta, and georgia.gov  for the U.S. state of Georgia.  This was not always true; under an earlier policy, only federal  were allowed to use the domain, and agencies beneath cabinet level were needed to use subdomains of their parent agency.

The usage of .gov as a gTLD controlled only by the U.S. is controversial, as some people believe this to be an example of arrogance by the U.S. &ndash; such views hold that usage of .fed.us or a new second-level domain of .gov.us would be more suitable. Others believe that U.S. control of .gov is a natural result of the fact that the U.S. federal government was responsible for the initial creation of the Internet and its first user.

## Other websites 
* IANA .gov whois information 

## References
Henniez

**Henniez** can mean:
* Henniez, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Vaud
* Henniez (mineral water), a brand of mineral water
Roane County

**Roane County** may refer to two counties in the United States:
* Roane County, Tennessee
* Roane County, West Virginia

## Related pages 
* Roanoke County, Virginia
Missy, Switzerland

**Missy** is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References
Vans

**Vans** is an American manufacturer of skateboarding shoes. They also make similar apparel. They are based in Santa Ana, California. They are owned by VF Corporation. The company also sponsors surf, snowboarding, BMX, and motocross teams. Since 1996, the company has been the primary sponsor of the annual Vans Warped Tour traveling rock festival.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Moudon

**Moudon** (; ) is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It was the capital of the Moudon District and is now in the Broye-Vully District.

## History 
Montmagny was known as *Minnodunum* or *Minnidunum* during the Roman era.  Around 1100, 1154 and 1180 it was mentioned as *Meldun*, in 1161 it was *Moudon* and in 1167 as *Meldunum* or *Mildunum*.

As ancient Minnodunum, during Roman times, the city was in the country of the Helvetii, on a road from Viviscus (modern Vevey), on the Lake of Geneva, to Aventicum (modern Avenches).

## References 
## Other websites 
* Moudon official website 
*
Sally Kirkland (editor)

**Sally Kirkland** (El Reno, 1 July 1912 – New York City, 1 May 1989) was a fashion editor at Vogue magazine between 1947 and 1969.
Her daughter is the actress Sally Kirkland.

In July 1954 in Rome, during the "Alta Moda in Castel Sant'Angelo", in the evocative setting of the famous castle, the fashion stylists Emilio Schuberth, Vincenzo Ferdinandi, the Sorelle Fontana, Giovannelli-Sciarra, Eleanora Garnett and Mingolini-Guggenheim they gave her a prize for her role as ambassador of Italian fashion in the United States.

Kirkland also received the "Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity" in 1954 from the Italian Government for her news on the Italian fashion. She told a friend that she "was secretly pleased, because the medal was green and gold and looked well on the orange evening dress she had wear for the show".

Together with Grace Kelly and Vera Maxwell, Kirkland received a Neiman-Marcus award in 1955 for her contribution to fashion.

## References
Internet censorship

**Internet censorship** is censorship of the internet. In some cases, websites censor certain information. In other cases, governments censor entire websites, so nobody in the country can visit them.

Google is known for changing its search results to censor information. As more people use the Internet, online censorship has worsened, using increasingly sophisticated techniques. 

## Around the world 
The motives, scope, and effectiveness of Internet censorship vary widely from country to country. Most countries with government-ordered censorship are located in east Asia, central Asia, and the MENA: Middle East & North Africa.

Democracies typically have moderate censorship, allowing citizens to access information and participate in public debates, but with some justified restrictions. (For example, a democracy might block websites which show child pornography.)

In contrast, totalitarian regimes severely limit Internet access. They do this for several reasons:

* To control the information people get
* To prevent people from seeing content that criticizes the government
* To restrict communication
* To prevent debates on political and social issues (especially during critical events like elections or protests)

## Content suppression methods 
### Technical censorship 
* IP Address blocking
* Domain name filtering
* Uniform Resource Locator (URL) filtering
* Packet filtering
* Connection reset
* Network disconnection
* Portal censorship/Search result removal
* Computer network attacks

'''

]]

## Related pages 
* Censorship
* Censorship by Google
* Censorship of YouTube
* Websites blocked in China

## References
Garage punk (fusion genre)

**Garage punk** is a rock music genre. It combines the sounds of garage rock, punk rock, and other forms, that started in the indie rock underground between the late 1980s and early 1990s.

## References
Oulens-sur-Lucens

**Oulens-sur-Lucens ** was a municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 it became part of the municipality of Lucens.

## References
Prévonloup

**Prévonloup** is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Worden, Kansas

**Worden** is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It is seven miles west of Baldwin City and nine miles east of Overbrook. It is along U.S. Highway 56.

## History
Worden had a post office from 1884 until 1904.

The abandoned SM-65 Atlas-E missile site 548–2 is about 1.9 miles southwest of Worden.

Until 2011, USD 348 in Baldwin maintained the Marion Springs Elementary School. That school was in Worden.

## References
## Other websites
* Douglas County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
Alicia Lemke

**Alicia Lemke** (February 3, 1987  August 9, 2015) was an American singer.

## Biography
Lemke was born in Madison, Wisconsin. Her mother was Gale Lemke. In 2013, she had also played at the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival in Tennessee.

### Death
She died on August 9, 2015 from leukemia.

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *Chimaera*

## References
## Other websites
Stuart B. Levy

**Stuart B. Levy** (November 21, 1938 – September 4, 2019) was an American researcher and physician. He worked at Tufts University. He was among the first to advocate for greater awareness of antibiotic resistance and founded the Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics. Levy was born in Wilmington, Delaware. 

Levy died on September 4, 2019 in Boston, Massachusetts of Parkinson's disease at the age of 80.

## References
Oleyres

**Oleyres** was a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud in the district of Broye-Vully. On 1 July 2011, became part of the municipality of Avenches.

## References 
## Other websites
Imata Kabua

**Imata Jabro Kabua** (20 May 1943 &ndash; 17 September 2019) was a Marshallese politician. President of the Marshall Islands from 14 January 1997 to 10 January 2000. He became the Iroijlaplap of Kwajalein after the death of his cousin, Amata Kabua. Kabua was born in South Pacific Mandate, Empire of Japan.

Kabua died on 17 September 2019 in Honolulu, Hawaii at the age of 76.

## References
Angst

**Angst** is an emotion. It is an emotion of fear or anxiety (*anguish* is its Latinate equivalent. *Anxious* and *anxiety* have similar beginnings). The dictionary definition for angst is a feeling of anxiety, apprehension, or insecurity. It is used in English to describe a strong feeling of apprehension, anxiety, or inner turmoil.

## References
## Other websites
*