open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Steve McMichael

'*Stephen Douglas* "*Mongo*" *McMichael*' (October 17, 1957 &ndash; April 23, 2025) was an American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL), former professional wrestler, commentator, and head coach.

McMichael played college football for the University of Texas at Austin, and was an All-American. He played for the New England Patriots, Chicago Bears, and Green Bay Packers, winning Super Bowl XX with the Bears in January 1986. During his professional wrestling career, McMichael was known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW). 

From 2007 to 2013, McMichael was the head coach of the Chicago Slaughter. In 2013, he finished second in his campaign for mayor of Romeoville, Illinois.

In April 2021, McMichael announced that he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

McMichael died under hospice care in Joliet, Illinois on April 23, 2025 from problems caused by ALS, aged 67.

## References
Sasha Calle

**Sasha Calle** (; born August 7, 1995) is an American actress. She is known for her work in the soap opera *The Young and the Restless* as chef Lola Rosales. She played the superheroine Supergirl in the DC Extended Universe movie *The Flash* (2023).

Calle was born in Boston, Massachusetts.  She is of Colombian descent.

## References
## Other websites
*
Natalia Poklonskaya

**Natalia Vladimirovna Poklonskaya** (; ; born 18 March 1980) is a Russian politician. She is a Deputy of the State Duma of Russia, deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Foreign Affairs since 18 September 2016.

## Notes
## References
Maribel Verdú

**María Isabel Verdú Rollán** (born 2 October 1970) (), is a Spanish actress. She played Luisa in Alfonso Cuarón's 2001 movie, *Y tu mamá también* and Mercedes in Guillermo del Toro's 2006 movie, ''Pan's Labyrinth''.

In March 2021, she was cast as Barry Allen/The Flash's mother Nora Allen on the upcoming DC Extended Universe movie *The Flash* (2023).

## References
Daniel Maldini

**Daniel Maldini** (born 11 October 2001) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Empoli, on loan from AC Milan.

## Early life 
Maldini was born in Milan, the second son of then A.C. Milan captain Paolo Maldini and Adriana Fossa, a model from Venezuela. His grandfather Cesare also captained Milan in the 1960s, making him the third generation to make appearances for the club. His elder brother Christian played for Milan's youth teams and went on to play professionally at a lower level.

Daniel then joined Milan's youth system in 2010.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## References
Godot

**Godot** is a free and open source game engine. It can be used to make 2D games but it can also be used to make 3D games, but not very efficiently compared to other game engines. It is released under the MIT license. It currently uses OpenGL as its only renderer, but Vulkan support is planned to be added soon.

## Scripting 
The default programming language in Godot is GDScript (which is Godot's own scripting language), but there is also a Mono edition with which C# can be used. C and C++ can also be used with official GDNative bindings, but there are also third-party bindings available. There are third-party bindings for Python, Rust, and Kotlin, and some other programming languages.

## References
Floride Calhoun

**Floride Bonneau Calhoun** (née **Colhoun**; February 15, 1792 – July 25, 1866) was the wife of prominent U.S. politician John C. Calhoun. She is best known for her leading role in the Petticoat affair, which occurred during her husband's service as vice president of the United States. In that role, Mrs. Calhoun led the wives of other Cabinet members in ostracizing Peggy Eaton, the wife of Secretary of War John Eaton, whom they considered a woman of low morals. The affair helped damage relations between John C. Calhoun and President Andrew Jackson, and effectively ended any legitimate chance of him becoming president of the United States.

## Second Lady 
Eight years later in 1825, she became Second Lady of the United States, following her husband's election as vice president, serving in that role until his resignation in 1832. She served from 1825 to 1832.
Executioner tree frog

The **executioner tree frog**, **executioner clown frog** or **hangman swamp frog** (*Dendropsophus carnifex*) is a frog that lives in the Andes Mountains in Ecuador.  Scientists have seen it between 1250 and 2500 meters above sea level. Scientists think it might also live in Colombia.

The adult male frog is 24.6 to 27.7 mm long from nose to rear end, and the adult female frog is 29.2 to 32.5 mm long.  This frog is pale in color, light brown to bronze, with darker marks on its skin.

It is called the "executioner tree frog" because scientist John D. Lynch found many of the sample frogs.  In English, "lynch" means to kill someone by hanging them by the neck.

## References
Euskirchen

**Euskirchen** (; Kölsch: *Öskerche*) is a town and capital of Euskirchen, a district *(Kreis)* in North Rhine-Westphalia. 

## References 
## Other websites
Amrish Puri

**Amrish Lal Puri** (22 June 1932 – 12 January 2005) was an Indian actor, who was an important figure in Indian theatre and cinema. He is remembered for playing iconic villainous roles in Hindi cinema as well as other Indian and international film industries. To Indian audiences he is the most remembered for his role as Mogambo in Shekhar Kapur's Hindi film *Mr. India* (1987), and to foreign audiences, he is best known as Mola Ram in Steven Spielberg's Hollywood film *Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom* (1984). He is also notable for films such as Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Mohabbatein, Pardes, Gadar: Ek Prem Katha, and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi.

He predominantly appeared on Hindi language films, but he had also appeared in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, and Marathi language films. Puri won three Filmfare Awards for Best Supporting Actor.

He died on January 12, 2005, at the age of 72, due to myelodysplastic syndrome, after suffering from it for two weeks.

## Awards 
### Wins 
* 1968: Maharashtra State Drama

### Nominations 
* 1990: Filmfare Award for Best Villain – *Tridev*

## References
Bad Münstereifel

**Bad Münstereifel** is a spa town in Euskirchen, a district *(Kreis)* in North Rhine-Westphalia.

## Sister towns and cities 
Bad Münstereifel is twinned with:

*  Ashford, United Kingdom
*  Fougères, France

## References 
## Other websites 
* www.badmuenstereifel.de the official Website
Mechernich

**Mechernich** (, Kölsch: *Meischernisch*) is a town in Euskirchen, a district *(Kreis)* in North Rhine-Westphalia.

## Districts 
The districts of Mechernich are:

Antweiler, Berg, Bergbuir, Bergheim, Bescheid, Bleibuir, Breitenbenden, Denrath, Dreimühlen, Eicks, Eiserfey, Firmenich, Floisdorf, Gehn, Glehn, Harzheim, Heufahrtshütte, Holzheim, Hostel, Kalenberg, Kallmuth, Katzvey, Kommern, Kommern-Süd, Lessenich, Lorbach, Lückerath, Mechernich, Obergartzem, Rissdorf, Roggendorf, Satzvey, Schaven, Schützendorf, Strempt, Urfey, Voißel, Vollem, Vussem, Wachendorf, Weiler am Berge, Weißenbrunnen, Weyer and Wielspütz.

## Twin town 
The twin town of Mechernich is Nyons, France.

## References
Kalinga (historical region)

**Kalinga** was a kingdom in what is now the country of India, Odisha. It included a large part of Odisha, northern Andhra Pradesh and a small part of Chhattisgarh. It was an independent kingdom.

Kalinga fought against the Maurya Empire in 261 BC. The Maurya Empire was led by Ashoka. The effects of the war were described by Ashoka in Major Rock Edict 13. About 150,000 people were killed during this war.

Kalinga was an important port for trade because it was easy to reach Southeast Asia from there. Kalinga again became an independent state after the death of Ashoka. In Sangam literature, it is mentioned that Kharvela of Kalinga tried to invade north India against Pushyamitra, the founder of the Sunga Dynasty, but there is no clear evidence of that. The Sunga Dynasty was founded just after the Mauryan.

## References
Mujhse Shaadi Karogi

***Mujhse Shaadi Karogi*** () is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy movie directed by David Dhawan and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala. The movie stars Salman Khan, Akshay Kumar and Priyanka Chopra in the lead roles. The supporting cast includes Amrish Puri, Kader Khan, Satish Shah and Rajpal Yadav.

*Mujhse Shaadi Karogi* was released on July 30, 2004 to positive reviews, receiving praise for its direction, performances, music, cinematography, art direction, costumes and styling. With a box-office gross of  565 million, the movie was a commercial success, becoming the third-highest-grossing Indian film of the year. *Mujhse Shaadi Karogi* was nominated for three Filmfare Awards. The film received thirteen nominations at the 2005 IIFA Awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Dhawan), Best Actor (Khan) and Best Actress (Chopra), winning five awards. It received ten Screen Awards nominations, including Best Film.

## Cast 
* Salman Khan as Sameer Malhotra
* Akshay Kumar as Shani "Sunny" / Arun Khanna
* Priyanka Chopra as Rani Singh
* Amrish Puri as Colonel Jugraj Singh
* Kader Khan as Mr. Duggal
* Satish Shah as Suraj Prakash
* Rajpal Yadav as Raj Purohit Jyotshi and Paul
* Amrita Arora as Roma
* Vindu Dara Singh as a gang member
* Supriya Karnik as Rama Jugraj Singh, the colonel's wife and Rani's mother
* Shashikala as Grandma Malhotra
* Upasana Singh as Mrs. Suraj Prakash
* Parth Dave as young Sameer
* Shefali Jariwala as Bijili
* Sajid Khan as himself
* Kurush Deboo as a dog-seller
* Rajesh Vivek as Chutki Baba

Cricketers made cameo appearances as themselves:
* Irfan Pathan
* Javagal Srinath
* Ashish Nehra
* Harbhajan Singh
* Parthiv Patel
* Kapil Dev
* Mohammad Kaif
* Navjot Singh Sidhu

## References
Zero-coupon bond

A **zero-coupon bond** is a special bond, where there are no periodic interest payments. At the end of the runtime, it will be repaid at the agreed value. There may be compensation for inflation. Usually, zero coupon bonds have long runtimes.

Examples of zero-coupon bonds are US Treasury bills, US savings bonds, long-term zero-coupon bonds, and any bond that has had its interest payments removed. Zero-coupon bonds and deep discount bonds mean the same thing.

With regular bonds, investors get money from interest payments, which are made every six months or every year. They also get back the main amount of money they invested when the bond ends.

Some zero-coupon bonds are linked to inflation, so the amount paid to the bondholder keeps its buying power. Most zero-coupon bonds pay a fixed amount of money, called the face value.

## References
Force 136

The **Force 136** was a Far East branch of the British World War II intelligence organisation, the Special Operations Executive (SOE). Originally set up in 1941 as the **India Mission** with the cover name of **GSI(k)**, it absorbed what was left of SOE's Oriental Mission in April 1942. The man in overall charge for the duration of the war was Colin Mackenzie.

The organisation was established to encourage and supply resistance movements in enemy-occupied territory, and sometimes try sabotage operations. Force 136 operated in the regions of the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II which were taken over by Japan from 1941 to 1945: Burma, Malaya, China (Hong Kong), Sumatra, Siam, Indochina and Singapore.

## References
Chief Justice of Singapore

The **Chief Justice of Singapore** is the highest post in the judicial system of Singapore. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President, chosen from candidates recommended by the Prime Minister. The current Chief Justice is Sundaresh Menon.

## List of Chief Justices (1965–present)
Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.

On April 21, 2021, **Andrew Brown Jr.**, a 42-year-old African American man, was shot dead in the back of the head by a deputy sheriff in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. Brown died one day after former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin was found guilty of the death of George Floyd, and his death happened near the time of other notable police killings including the deaths of Daunte Wright, Ma'Khia Bryant, and Adam Toledo in the United States.

## Background
Brown had two outstanding warrants in Dare County "on drug-related charges including possession with intent to sell cocaine."

## Incident
Pasquotank County Sheriff Tommy Wooten II said that "deputies from his department including a tactical team were attempting to perform search and arrest warrants on illegal distribution of cocaine, methamphetamine, crack cocaine and heroin when Brown was shot." Brown's death certificate states that Brown died from being shot in the head.

Elizabeth City declared a state of emergency in preparation of the release of the body cam footage to the public. Pasquotank County Attorney Michael Cox said faces in the video were being blurred. Elizabeth City mayor, Bettie Parker, declared a state of emergency before the full release of the body cam footage that led up to the shooting.

On April 26, Brown's family and their lawyers were allowed by Pasquotank County to watch a short bodycam video of the shooting.

The FBI announced on April 27 that it would be launching a civil rights probe into Brown's death. An agency spokesman stated, "Agents will work closely with the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of North Carolina and the Civil Rights Division at the Department of Justice to determine whether federal laws were violated."

## Reactions
White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki stated "Obviously, the loss of life is a tragedy and obviously we're thinking of the family members and the community" and that President Biden was aware of the situation. People protested an emergency meeting of the Elizabeth City council with signs reading *Black Lives Matter* and *Stop killing unarmed Black Men.*

On Twitter, North Carolina governor Roy Cooper wrote, "Initial reports of the shooting in Elizabeth City and death of Andrew Brown, Jr. this week are tragic and extremely concerning. The body camera footage should be made public as quickly as possible and the SBI should investigate thoroughly to ensure accountability."

## References
Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore

The **speaker of the Parliament of Singapore** is the presiding officer of the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore. The current Parliament Speaker is Seah Kian Peng.
Tan Chuan-Jin

**Tan Chuan-Jin** (; born 10 January 1969) is a Singaporean politician. He served as Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore from 11 September 2017 to 17 July 2023.

## Education 
Tan studied at the Anglo-Chinese School, Raffles Junior College, London School of Economics, King's College London and National University of Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy.

## Military career 
Tan enlisted in the Singapore Armed Forces in 1987 and was commissioned as an officer in the Singapore Army before attaining the rank Brigadier-General. On 25 March 2011, Tan retired from the Singapore Armed Forces to enter politics.

## Political career 
Tan was announced as a People's Action Party (PAP) candidate joining the five-member PAP team contesting in Marine Parade GRC during the 2011 general election. Tan became a Member of Parliament representing the Kembangan–Chai Chee ward of Marine Parade GRC.

On 1 August 2012, he was appointed Senior Minister of State at the Ministry of National Development and Acting Minister for Manpower. 

On 1 September 2013, Tan gave up his appointment at the Ministry of National Development and became Senior Minister of State at the Ministry of Manpower while continuing to serve as Acting Minister for Manpower. 

On 1 May 2014, he was promoted to full Minister. 

On 9 April 2015, Tan gave up his portfolio as Minister for Manpower and became Minister for Social and Family Development as part of a Cabinet reshuffle.

During the 2015 general election, Tan joined a five-member PAP team contesting in Marine Parade GRC. After the election, Tan continued serving as Minister for Social and Family Development. 

On 11 September 2017, he resigned his Cabinet roles and became the 10th Speaker of Parliament.

Tan still hold his parliamentary seat in Kembangan–Chai Chee after his five-member PAP team contesting in Marine Parade GRC won during the 2020 general election. After the election, he continued serving as Speaker of Parliament.

On 11 July 2023, Tan made a public apology to Worker's Party's Member of Parliament, Jamus Lim after a clip of him using unparliamentary language during a parliamentary sitting on 17 April. Tan was heard saying "fucking populist" to Lim after he had given a speech. Lim accepted his apology.

### Resignation 
On 17 July 2023, both Tan resigned from Parliament and as member of the PAP due to "propriety and personal conduct". Prime Minister and PAP's Secretary-General Lee Hsien Loong said that Tan, who is married, had an extramarital affair. He had an extramarital affair with another Member of Parliament, Cheng Li Hui, since 2020. 

When Lee found out that the extramarital affair in February 2023, Tan had offered his resignation. Lee asked Tan to ensure his ward was taken care of. However, in July 2023, Lee found out Tan continued the affair. Therefore, Lee decided to remove Tan from the PAP immediately.

## Personal life 
Tan is married with two children.

## References
Iris West

**Iris Ann West-Allen** is a fictional character, a supporting character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. She has been the main love interest and later wife of Barry Allen / The Flash.

## In other media 
On television, Candice Patton plays her in the 2014 The CW television series. In the DC Extended Universe, Kiersey Clemons plays the character.

## References
Lynn Conway

**Lynn Ann Conway** (January 2, 1938 &ndash; June 9, 2024) was an American computer scientist, electrical engineer, inventor, and transgender activist for LGBT rights.
	
She worked at IBM in the 1960s. She was known for her invention of generalized dynamic instruction handling. She was also widely-known for the Mead & Conway revolution with Carver Mead.

Born a male, Conway transitioned into a woman. After IBM found out about this, she was fired in 1968. In 2020, IBM apologized for firing Conway.

Conway died from a heart disease at her home in Jackson, Michigan, on June 9, 2024, at the age of 86.

## References
Malaysia Agreement

The **Malaysia Agreement** or the **Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore** was the agreement which combined what is today Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore with the existing states of the Federation of Malaya, now known as Malaysia. Singapore was later expelled from Malaysia, becoming its own country 9 August 1965.

## References
Francis, Duke of Châtellerault

**François de Bourbon** (or **Francis of Bourbon**), Duke of Châtellerault (1492&nbsp;– 13 September 1515) was a French prince from the House of Bourbon-Montpensier, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon (itself a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty). He was the brother of Louis II, Count of Montpensier, Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (also known as *The Constable of Bourbon*), Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, and Renée of Bourbon (who became Duchess of Lorraine on 26 June 1515, less than three months before François's death). After Charles's death in 1527 during the Sack of Rome, French King Francis I's mother Louise of Savoy inherited the Duchy of Châtellerault, with it becoming a part of the French royal domain after Louise's death in 1531. Later on, the Duchy of Châtellerault was given to Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans, the third and youngest son of Francis I of France.

François de Bourbon never married but was rumored to have had an illegitimate daughter named Isabelle de Bourbon (who allegedly married a Spaniard named Laurent Suarez, the Count of Corunna), but this was never actually proven.

## References
The Man Who Would Be King

***The Man Who Would Be King*** is a 1975 British American adventure movie directed by John Huston and was based on the 1888 novella of the same name by Rudyard Kipling. It stars Sean Connery, Michael Caine, Christopher Plummer, Saeed Jaffrey, Shakira Caine, Jack May and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1976.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Cadet branch

A **cadet branch** is the part of a family that is descended from a younger son (or daughter). Cadet branches are important for royal succession because if the main royal branch runs out of people (or out of males, if females are not allowed to inherit the throne), then a cadet branch would inherit the throne. However, sometimes there were also cases where a cadet branch acquired a throne before the main royal branch actually ran out of males, like when Louis-Philippe of France became French King after Charles X of France abdicated due to the Revolution of 1830 even though Charles X still had a surviving son and grandson of his own during this time.

## References
2021 Rio de Janeiro shootout

On 6 May 2021, at least 25 people were killed in a shootout between police and drug traffickers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The raid happened in Jacarezinho, a favela in Rio de Janeiro. The police raid happened before noon, following reports that a local drug gang was trying to recruit children.

The shootout caused the highest-ever death toll from a police raid in Rio de Janeiro.

## References
Artifact (error)

In natural science and signal processing, an **artifact** or **artefact** is any error in the perception or the way any information is represented or introduced by the equipment or technique(s).
## Computer science
In computer science, digital artifacts are abnormalities introduced into digital signals because of digital signal processing.
## Microscopy
In microscopy, visual artifacts are sometimes introduced when processing samples into slide form.
## Remote sensing
### Medical imaging
In medical imaging, artifacts are wrong representations of structure of tissues. They are made by imaging techniques such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These artifacts may be caused because of the energy-tissue interaction between ultrasound and air. Physicians usually learn to recognize some of these artifacts to avoid mistaking them for actual pathology.
### Radar
Radar echoes from something causes ghost images to appear. All those echoes must be filtered in order to get the where the object is, how fast it is going and the type of object it is. It may include aircraft, and weather.

## References
Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant

On April 20, 2021, Ma'khia Bryant, a 16-year-old African American girl, was fatally shot by a police officer. Bryant had been trying to stab another person in Columbus, Ohio. The officers tried to stop Bryant from doing so. Bryant was transported to a local hospital. She was pronounced dead half an hour later.

The police were wearing body cameras, and the cameras recorded the shooting.  The court later said that the killing was justified, or legal. This was because the officer thought someone was at risk of death or serious injury. Under Ohio law, a police officer can use deadly force in this situation.

## References
European Institute for International Law and International Relations

The **European Institute for International Law and International Relations** (**EIIR**) in French ('''L'Institut Européen pour le Droit International et les Relations Internationales''') is a European Think Tank based in Brussels, Paris and Geneva, it's an independent policy institute and N.P. organisation based in Paris, France and Brussels, Belgium, represents a center dedicated to studies and research on international law, international relations, strategic topics and social life. The EIIR is a laboratory for strategic studies to combine both legal and strategic studies in the same frame. The institute provides a forum in Europe, annually hosting events, debates, and negotiations.

## Overview 
The European Institute for International Law and International Relations (EIIR) is an independent, international not-for-profit think tank dedicated to managing risk and building resilience to promote peace, security, and sustainable development.

The European Institute for International Law and International Relations was founded in 2009 by Mahmoud Refaat in Paris and since 2013 in Brussels and Geneva as a think tank and policy institute. The Institute is administered by members of boards consisted of ex-politicians, ambassador and professors of political science, international law, international relations, economy, etc.

The main focuses of the EIIR are international law, international relations, human rights, international security, international conflict and military balance

## Scope of work 
The European Institute for International Law and International Relations (EIIR) is dedicated to manage risk and building resilience to promote peace, security, and sustainable development. 
through a mix of policy research, strategic analysis, publishing, and convening. With staff from more than twenty countries and a broad range of academic fields, EIIR has offices facing European Union headquarters in Brussels and offices in Paris and Geneva.

The European Institute for International Law and International Relations achieves physical activities in areas of conflict in different parts of the world to put an end to civil conflicts, war and to sue war criminals in front of international justice. 
In recent years the work of the institute has been focused on peace and developments in the Middle East and North Africa region, the development of an EU-Foreign and Security Policy, International Security, also – on a smaller range – on specific topics in Latin America and Africa.

## Practice areas 
* International relations
* International law
* Human rights
* International security
* International conflict
* Military

## Offices 
*  Brussels
*  Paris
*  Geneva

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Self-governance of Singapore

The **self-governance of Singapore** happened in several stages. Since 1819 up to 1959, Singapore had been under the colonial rule of the United Kingdom. The first local elections on a limited scale for several positions in the government of Singapore started in 1948 following a change to the Constitution of Singapore.

This was further changed with the Rendel Constitution, strengthening local representation. Singapore was granted full internal self-government in 1959, but the colonial administration still controlled external relations and shared control of several key internal policies such as internal security.

In 1963, Singapore joined Malaysia, ending colonial rule and becoming an autonomous state within the country. After a fallout in the relations between the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and the People's Action Party (PAP), the ruling parties of the Federation and Singapore at the time, full independence came about with Malaysia forcing Singapore to leave in 1965.

## References
Twait shad

The **twait shad** or **twaite shad** (*Alosa fallax*) is a fish. It was much eaten, and thought to be one of the best-tasting fish. 

Its life style is rather similar to the salmon. The adults live in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, but come up rivers to breed. They have vanished from the dinner table because the Victorians build weirs in the Severn which stopped the fish getting to their breeding grounds  The Severn, in SW England, is vital to the fish. It is by far the largest river opening in that part of the Atlantic. Overfishing, pollution and habitat destruction have also helped the shad's decline.

Now, ways round the weirs are being built, so the fish can once again reach its ancestral breeding grounds.

## References
Nino Camardo

**Nino Camardo** (born 24 February 1949 in Pisticci), italian naïve art painter.

## Bibliography 
* Catalogo nazionale Bolaffi, d'arte moderna, n.8, 1973.
* Catalogo Novecento, profili di artisti contemporanei.
* Catalogo d'Arte GELMI.
* Catalogo nazionale Bolaffi dei naifs, n.2, Giulio Bolaffi Editore.
* Monografia, Nino Camardo, 1976.
* Monografia, Nino Camardo, 1980, by  Margonari, Renzo.
* Monografia, Nino Camardo, *Palazzo delle Esposizioni del comune di Roma*, 5 - 20 giugno 1975.
* Catalogo, Mostra personale di Nino Camardo : pittore naif : dal 5 al 16 febbraio 1971.
* Monografia, Nino Camardo, pittore naif, a cura della Associazione culturale Campano-Lucana.
* Atlante dell'Arte Contemporanea, Edizioni DeAgostini, 2020.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Nino Camardo on Artprice.com
Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin

***Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin*** (, ) is a 1994 Russian Czech British French Italian World War II comedy drama movie directed by Jiří Menzel and was based on the 1969 and 1979 novel of the same name by Vladimir Voinovich. It stars Gennady Nazarov, Zoya Buryak, Vladimir Ilyin, Aleksei Zharkov, Valeri Zolotukhin, Zinovy Gerdt, Sergei Garmash, Marián Labuda.

## Other websites
*
Rivers of Babylon (movie)

***Rivers of Babylon*** is a 1998 Slovak Czech comedy movie directed by Vlado Balco and was based on the 1991 novel of the same name by Peter Pišťanek. It stars Andrej Hryc, Vladimír Hajdu, Diana Mórová, Barbora Kodetová, Miro Noga.

## Other websites
*
Veronica se întoarce

***Veronica se întoarce*** (*Veronica Returns*) is a 1973 Romanian fantasy musical movie directed by Elisabeta Bostan and is the sequel to the 1972 movie *Veronica*. It stars Lulu Mihaescu, Margareta Pîslaru, Dem Radulescu, Angela Moldovan.

## Other websites
*
Pac-Man (character)

is the main character of the Pac-Man franchise. He first appeared in the original *Pac-Man* game and since then appeared in over 30 games.

## Notes 
## References
Bob the Builder: Can We Fix It?

***Bob the Builder: Can We Fix It?*** is a game that was released in 2001 for PlayStation and PC. It was based on the CBeebies animated television series of the same name.

## Characters 
* Bob
* Scoop
* Muck
* Dizzy
* Roley
* Lofty
* Wendy
* Spud
* Travis
* Mrs. Potts
* Pilchard

## Games 
* Knock it Down
* Build it up
* Cake-tastic
* Wild West Wendy
* Bubble Trouble
* Scary Spud
* Tunnel time
* Help the Hedgehogs (PC Only)
* Radiator Riddle
* Fix the Leaks
* Travis Race Day (Race with Scoop or Dizzy)
* Where's Pilchard

## Voice Cast 
### United Kingdom 
* **Neil Morrissey** as Bob, Roley & Lofty
* **Kate Harbour** as Wendy, Dizzy, Mrs. Potts & Pilchard
* **Rob Rackstraw** as Scoop, Muck, Travis & Spud

### North America 
* **William Dufris** as Bob
* **Lorelei King** as Wendy & Mrs. Potts
* **Alan Marriott** as Scoop, Travis & Spud
* **Lachele Carl** as Muck
* **Maria Darling** as Dizzy & Roley
* **Sonya Leite** as Lofty

## Other websites 
* https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/ps/580026-bob-the-builder-can-we-fix-it
San Carlos tree frog

The **San Carlos tree frog** or **San Carlos dwarf tree frog** (*Dendropsophus phelobodes*) is a frog that lives in Nicaragua, Panama, and Colombia.  Scientists have seen it below 700 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog can be as large as 23.6 mm from nose to rear end and the adult female frog can be 28.2 mm.  This frog's head is as wide as its body is.  This frog is yellow to light brown in color with darker brown marks.  Some have narrow white stripes.  This frog eats insects, spiders, and other animals without spines.

This frog can lay eggs at any time of year, but it lays eggs mostly when the weather turns rainy.  The male frog sits 1 to 2 meters off the ground on a plant and sings for the females.  They do this near temporary bodies of water, for example flooded fields.  They do this most on the third day after a big rain.  The eggs float on the water or stick to plants.

The scientific name *phlebodes* comes from the Greek word "phlebos" for "vein," from the colored markings on the frog's back.

## References
Gnocchi

**Gnocchi** is an Italian-type variety of dumplings. It is made of potatoes, salt, and flour. It can be used instead of pasta.

## References
Castiglione della Pescaia

**Castiglione della Pescaia** is a *comune* in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.
Laterina Pergine Valdarno

**Laterina Pergine Valdarno** is a *comune* in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.

It was created on 1 January 2018 from the former municipalities of Laterina and Pergine Valdarno.
Laterina

**Laterina** was a *comune* in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany. On 1 January 2018, the former municipalities of Laterina and Pergine Valdarno merged to form the new municipality of Laterina Pergine Valdarno.
Blankenheim, North Rhine-Westphalia

**Blankenheim** is a municipality in Euskirchen, a district *(Kreis)* in North Rhine-Westphalia.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Tourist info
* Eifel Museum Blankenheim
Dommartin, Somme

**Dommartin** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Dommartin

**Dommartin** can mean:

## Switzerland 
* Dommartin, Switzerland

## France 
**Dommartin** is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:
* Dommartin, Ain, in the Ain department
* Dommartin, Nièvre, in the Nièvre department
* Dommartin, Doubs, in the Doubs department
* Dommartin, Somme, in the Somme department
* Dommartin, Rhône, in the Rhône department
* Dommartin-aux-Bois, in the Vosges department
* Dommartin-Dampierre, in the Marne department
* Dommartin-la-Chaussée, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
* Dommartin-la-Montagne, in the Meuse department
* Dommartin-le-Coq, in the Aube department
* Dommartin-le-Franc, in the Haute-Marne department
* Dommartin-le-Saint-Père, in the Haute-Marne department
* Dommartin-lès-Cuiseaux, in the Saône-et-Loire department
* Dommartin-lès-Remiremont, in the Vosges department
* Dommartin-lès-Toul, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
* Dommartin-lès-Vallois, in the Vosges department
* Dommartin-Lettrée, in the Marne department
* Dommartin-sous-Amance, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
* Dommartin-sous-Hans, in the Marne department
* Dommartin-sur-Vraine, in the Vosges department
* Dommartin-Varimont, in the Marne department
Ranveer Singh

**Ranveer Singh Bhavnani**, (born 5 July, 1985) professionally known as **Ranveer Singh**, is an Indian actor who mainly is known for his work in Hindi movies. He made his acting debut with a leading role in romantic comedy film *Band Baaja Baaraat* (2010) and for which won Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. Although he was seen as a lead role in the many commercially successful movies, some of which highest-grossing releases came including *Bajirao Mastani* (2015), *Padmaavat* (2018), *Simmba* (2018), and *Gully Boy* (2019). In 2021 and 2022, he starred in these three films: *Sooryavanshi* (2021), *83* (2021), and *Jayeshbhai Jordaar* (2022) and Cirkus (2022).

## Upcoming films
His next film is *Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani*.

## References
Dommartin, Doubs

**Dommartin** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## References
Schleiden

**Schleiden** is a town in Euskirchen, a district *(Kreis)* in North Rhine-Westphalia.

## History 
## References
Dommartin-le-Franc

**Dommartin-le-Franc** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Haute-Marne department in northeast France.

## References
Abancourt

**Abancourt** is the name of two communes in France:
* Abancourt, Nord, in the Nord department
* Abancourt, Oise, in the Oise department

## Other 
* Aboncourt
Dompierre-aux-Bois

**Dompierre-aux-Bois** is a commune of 40 people (2016). It is in Grand Est in the Meuse department in northeast France.

## References
Dompierre-sur-Charente

**Dompierre-sur-Charente** is a commune of 464 people (2018). It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Charente-Maritime department in southwest France.

## References
Domqueur

**Domqueur** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Les Adrets-de-l'Estérel

'''Les Adrets-de-l'Estérel''' is a commune of 2,766 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Jim Cawley

**James Cawley** (born June 22, 1969) is an American politician who served as the 32nd Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania from 2011 to 2015. A Republican, he previously served on the Board of Commissioners of Bucks County, Pennsylvania. 

## Career 
Prior to being elected to the Bucks County Board of Commissioners, he was Chief of Staff to State Senator Tommy Tomlinson. In 2000, he ran for a seat in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in the 141st District. Incumbent Democrat State Representative Anthony Melio won re-election by defeating Cawley 56%–42%. He was also a former Pennsylvania state chairman and national co-chairman of the College Republicans and served as an elected member of the Bristol Township School Board.

He served on the County Commissioner's Association of Pennsylvania's Energy, Environment, & Land Use Committee as Chairman. Jim is a former member of the board of directors for Lower Bucks Hospital, a former trustee of Bucks County Community College and a Commonwealth trustee of Temple University.
### Bucks County Commission
He was appointed to the Bucks County Board of Commissioners following the resignation of Mike Fitzpatrick (who had been elected to Congress).

In 2007, he won re-election with 26% of the vote.

He became chairman of the board after he was re-elected. According to self-supplied biographical information, he helped expand the Bucks County Community College, kept taxes low for four consecutive years, and helped increase the county's bond rating to its highest level ever.

## References
Société Générale

The **Société Générale** is a French banking group, one of the three big in France. It was founded in 1864, Paris. Now, it's head office is in La Défense, in the France, in the building known as *Tours Chassagne et Alicante*. Although it is a French Bank, it owns lots of banks in other countries around the world.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Killing of Daunte Wright

On April 11, 2021 at around 2:00 p.m. EST, Daunte Wright (October 27, 2000 — April 11, 2021), a 20-year-old black man, was shot and killed by police in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota as he attempted to re-enter his vehicle during a traffic stop. Wright drove several blocks before crashing his vehicle into another and was pronounced dead at the scene. The shooting sparked protests and demonstrations around the city, including looting and arson, leading to a city-wide curfew. The shooting occurred just 10 miles from the scene of the killing of George Floyd a year prior.

## Incident 
At around 2:00 local time on April 11, 2021, Brooklyn Center police pulled over Daunte Wright for having air freshener hanging from the rear-view mirror. During the stop, officers determined that Wright had an outstanding warrant and tried to detain him. Officers administered CPR, but Wright was subsequently declared dead at the scene. A female passenger in the vehicle, Wright's girlfriend, was hospitalized with non-life-threatening injuries.

## Protests and violence 
Following the shooting, mourners and protesters gathered near the scene, demanding justice for Wright. Police with riot control equipment attempted to restrain the crowd of several hundred people outside of a police precinct. The National Guard was activated to assist with dispelling the violence.

## References
L'Échelle-Saint-Aurin

**L&#39;Échelle-Saint-Aurin** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Compression artifact

A **compression artifact** (or **artefact**) is a deliberate visible change in media (including images, audio, and video). It is caused by lossy compression. Lossy data compression removes some of the media's data. This way the data becomes small enough to be stored in the desired disk or transmitted inside the available bandwidth. If the compressor cannot store enough data in the compressed form, the result is a loss of quality, or introduction of artifacts.

The most common digital compression artifacts are DCT blocks. This is caused by the discrete cosine transform (DCT) compression algorithm used in many digital media, such as JPEG image compression, MP3 digital audio, and MPEG video coding formats. 

These compression artifacts appear when heavy compression is applied. It occurs often in common digital media, such as DVDs, common computer file formats such as JPEG, MP3 and MPEG files. It also occurs in some other alternatives to the compact disc like the as Sony's MiniDisc format. Uncompressed media (such as on Laserdiscs and WAV files) or losslessly compressed media (such as FLAC or PNG) do not suffer from compression artifacts.

## References
Lloyd Price

**Lloyd Price** (March 9, 1933 &ndash; May 3, 2021) was an American R&B vocalist. He was known as "Mr. Personality," because of his 1959 million-selling hit, "Personality." He was honored into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998.

Price lived in Westchester County, New York. He died on May 3, 2021 in New Rochelle, New York from problems caused by diabetes, aged 88.

## References
Bermuda, Louisiana

**Bermuda** is an unincorporated community on Isle Brevelle in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.

## Related pages
* Natchez, Louisiana
George Jung

**George Jacob Jung** (August 6, 1942 – May 5, 2021), nicknamed **Boston George** and **El Americano**, was an American drug trafficker and smuggler. He was an important figure in the cocaine trade in the United States in the 1970s and early 1980s. 

Jung was a part of the Medellín Cartel, which was responsible for up to 90% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States. 

His life story was based in the biopic *Blow* (2001), starring Johnny Depp as Jung. Jung was released from prison on June 2, 2014, after serving nearly 20 years for drug smuggling.

Jung died at his home in Weymouth, Massachusetts from liver and kidney failure on May 5, 2021 at the age of 78.

## References
Helen Murray Free

**Helen Murray Free** (February 20, 1923 – May 1, 2021) was an American chemist and educator. She is most known for creating many self-testing systems for diabetes and other diseases while working at Miles Laboratories. She helped create dip-and-read strips, which are still used to this day.

Free died on May 1, 2021, at a hospice facility in Elkhart, Indiana from problems caused by a stroke, aged 98.

## References
Bobby Unser

**Robert William Unser** (February 20, 1934 – May 2, 2021) was an American automobile racer. 

He was the brother of Al Unser, Jerry Unser and Louis Unser, the father of Robby Unser and the uncle of Al Unser Jr. and Johnny Unser. 

He was one of ten drivers to have won the Indianapolis 500 three or more times and one of only two (followed by Rick Mears) to have won the 500 in three decades (1968, 1975, 1981).

Unser died on May 2, 2021, at the age of 87 at his home in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

## References
## Other websites
*Bobby Unser Photos
*The Greatest 33
*
Georgy Prokopenko

**Georgy Yakovlevich Prokopenko** (, ; 21 February 1937 – 5 May 2021) was a Soviet swimmer who competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. 

In 1964 he won a silver medal in the 200 m breaststroke and finished fourth in the 4 × 100 m medley relay. He died on 5 May 2021 at the age of 84.

## References
Forever Yours (1959 movie)

***Forever Yours*** (, translit.&nbsp;Hubb lel-abad) is a 1959 Egyptian romantic drama movie directed by Youssef Chahine and starring Mahmoud el-Meliguy, Nadia Lutfi, Ahmed Ramzy.

## Other websites
*
Yitzhak Arad

**Yitzhak Arad** () (né **Icchak Rudnicki**; November 11, 1926 – May 6, 2021) was an Israeli historian, author, IDF brigadier general. He was director of Yad Vashem from 1972 to 1993. His written works focused on the history of the Holocaust.

## References
Leonard Jeffries

**Leonard Jeffries Jr.** (born January 19, 1937) is an American academic and activist. He is a former professor of Black Studies at the City College of New York, part of the City University of New York (CUNY). He was born and raised in Newark, New Jersey.

Jeffries is known for his Pan-African Afrocentrist views that the role of African people in history and the accomplishments of African Americans are far more important than people know.

Jeffries' nephew, Hakeem Jeffries, has served in the US House of Representatives from the state of New York.

## References
Shaggs' Own Thing

'''''Shaggs' Own Thing''''' is a 1982 compilation album with some music by The Shaggs from a recording session in 1975 on it. The music did not come out because Austin Wiggin (the band members' father and manager) died and the band ended after that. 

The Shaggs' previous album, *Philosophy of the World*, from 1969, was released again in 1980, and was popular, which is why this album was made. *Philosophy of the World* only has original songs, which were played badly in a unique way. ''Shaggs' Own Thing* has other original songs, covers of popular songs from the early 1970s and a new version of "My Pal Foot Foot", which was from *Philosophy of the World'', and sounds better because they practiced playing music, had learned the basics of popular music, had better singing voices and could play in pop music styles of the time better. Many people who like the band's music prefer the music of their earlier style, so they ignore this album. 
 
The two male singers in ''Shaggs' Own Thing'' are Austin Wiggin Jr. and his adolescent son Robert.

## Track listing 
;Side one
# "You're Somethin' Special to Me"
# "Wheels" (The String-A-Longs cover)
# "Paper Roses" (Anita Bryant/Marie Osmond cover)
# "Shaggs' Own Thing"
# "Painful Memories"
# "Gimme Dat Ding" (The Pipkins cover)
;Side two
# "My Cutie"
# "Yesterday Once More" (The Carpenters cover)
# "My Pal Foot Foot"
# "I Love" (Tom T. Hall cover)
# "Shaggs' Own Thing (vocal version)"
Seixal

**Seixal** is a city and a municipality in the Setúbal District in Portugal. In 2011, 184,269 people lived here.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Benigno Aquino III 2010 presidential campaign

The **2010 presidential campaign of Benigno Aquino III**, who was at the time Philippine Senator, started when he said his candidacy for the presidency of the Philippines at the Club Filipino, North Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila, on September 9, 2009, 40 days after the death of his mother, former President Corazon Aquino. On September 21, 2009, Aquino's campaign announced that Senator Mar Roxas would be his running mate to be the Vice President.

On June 9, 2010, the Congress of the Philippines declared Aquino President-elect of the Philippines, winning the election with 15,208,678 votes and defeating Former President Joseph Estrada of the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino and seven other candidates. Roxas, his vice presidential nominee, lost by a small amount to Estrada's running mate, Makati Mayor Jejomar Binay. Aquino, the tenth Philippine Senator to later be elected president, was officially  as the 15th President of the Philippines on June 30, 2010 at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila.

## References
Caprese Michelangelo

**Caprese Michelangelo** is a *comune* in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.

Renaissance artist Michelangelo was born here.
St Paul's Church, Hadley Wood

'''St Paul's Church''' is a Church of England proprietary chapel and conventional district in Hadley Wood, London. 

## History
During World War I, the Church Room served as a canteen and recreation room for servicemen stationed in Hadley Wood and was also used for lectures and evening meetings.  

In 1999 the Bishop of London, the Rt Rev, and Rt Hon Richard Chartres constituted St Paul’s Church as a Conventional District which conferred the legal status of a parish and included the right to appoint an independent Minister. St Paul’s thus became operationally independent from 2000.

On 11th November 2018, the ending of the Great War was marked by the unveiling of a Roll of Honour Board, crafted locally in English oak, to commemorate the local men who lost their lives in World Wars I and II. This was and remains the only war memorial in Hadley Wood. 

## Present Day
St Paul’s Church currently belongs to the Conservative Evangelical tradition of the Church of England. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, St Paul's Church began broadcasting its services online. 

## References