open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sonic the Hedgehog 2

***Sonic the Hedgehog 2*** (also called ***Sonic 2***) is the second video game in the *Sonic the Hedgehog* series. It is a sequel to *Sonic the Hedgehog*. It was made by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Genesis in 1992. Unlike the first game, it has a half-pipe special stage and has seven Chaos Emeralds instead of six. It also introduces Miles "Tails" Prower.

Development of the game began in November 1991, five months after the first game released. The game was developed by both Japanese and American staff at Sega Technical Institute.

## Plot
Dr. Robotnik has begun making his ultimate weapon: the Death Egg. He searches for the seven Chaos Emeralds, which are hidden on West Side Island, to use as the spaceship's power source. Sonic goes to West Side Island to chase Robotnik down, and meets a two-tailed fox nicknamed Tails.

To stop Robotnik's evil plans, Sonic and Tails travel through 11 zones: Emerald Hill, Chemical Plant, Aquatic Ruin, Casino Night, Hill Top, Mystic Cave, Oil Ocean, Metropolis, Sky Chase, Wing Fortress and finally the Death Egg. At the end of the game, after Sonic defeats Robotnik and his Death Egg Robot, Tails saves Sonic from falling to the ground with his plane, the "Tornado". The Death Egg crashes into Angel Island, setting up the events of *Sonic the Hedgehog 3*.

## Gameplay
The gameplay is similar to the first *Sonic the Hedgehog* game; the player can run, curl up into a ball and jump, and perform a new move, the Spindash. The Spindash is a move where Sonic can curl up, gain energy, and roll at high speeds. Tails follows Sonic through most of the levels so he can help pick up rings and destroy enemies.

When the player touches a checkpoint with at least 20 rings, they can go to a special stage where they must collect as many rings as they can while dodging bombs. If the player wins a special stage, they earn a Chaos Emerald. Getting all seven lets the player turn into Super Sonic, a form that makes Sonic invincible and lets him run faster and jump higher. Using Super Sonic drains one ring every second, and hitting 0 will turn Sonic back to normal. Getting all seven emeralds also unlocks the good ending.

## Development
After the release of the original *Sonic the Hedgehog*, creator Yuji Naka quit Sega due to disagreements over corporate policy. Mark Cerny, who had recently created Sega Technical Institute (STI) in California, met with Naka in Japan. He offered Naka a higher salary and more creative freedom if he joined STI. The game received a lot of praise, and it was a bestseller in the UK charts for 2 months. As of 2006, the game had sold over 6 million copies. This makes it the second best-selling game on the Sega Genesis.

*Electronic Gaming Monthly* said it was the best Genesis game of 1992.

The most common criticisms were about the two-player mode, a first for the series.

## References
Quack

**Quack** is the sound a duck makes.

Quack is also the name for someone who is a phony. One way that people use this word is a "quack doctor". A quack doctor sells people bad medicine that does not make people feel better.

A quack can also mean a fake doctor who tries to sell his medicine to people when they do not really make you better which means they are fake. A quack doctor tries to tell people that they can cure everything but they can not, they just con you into going to them, but they do not cure you, they just make you feel a little bit better. 
They also take some of the jobs from the doctors who have been to university and studied to become a doctor and then Quacks are just taking their patients away from them.
Jyutping

**Jyutping** is a romanization for the Cantonese language. It was created by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993.

## Other websites 
* The Jyutping Scheme  - The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong
* Jyutping Pronunciation Guide
* 粵語拼盤 : Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese
* Chinese Character Database (Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect)
* The CantoDict Project  is a dedicated Cantonese-Mandarin-English online dictionary which uses Jyutping by default
S-type asteroid

An **S-type asteroid** is an asteroid that is mainly *silicaceous*, or made of a lot of silicon. This is why it is called an *S-type*. About 17% of all asteroids are this type of asteroid, meaning that they are the second most common after C-type asteroids. 

S-type asteroids are the most common asteroid in the inner main belt, but become very rare farther out in space. The biggest asteroid of this type is 15 Eunomia.

S-type asteroids are the most mineral dense asteroids.
Combination

**Combination** may mean:
*in chess a sequence of forcing moves, usually involving a sacrifice.
*in computer games it is called a **combo**.
*in mathematics, combination is about finding the number of possibilities to pick a number of objects from a set. 
*in martial arts and combat sports it means a **striking combination**
*in security, it is a list of numbers which opens a **combination lock**
*in equestrian, a combination is several jumps one after the other
*Combinations is the name of the band Eisley's second studio album
*A **motorcycle combination** is also called a sidecar
Yelle

**Yelle** (born **Julie Budet**, January 17, 1983) is a French singer and rapper from the city of Saint-Brieuc. She became famous from MySpace.com when she uploaded a song called "Short Dick Cuizi". With her producer who is also a close friend called GrandMarnier, Yelle has recorded her first album called *POP-UP*, after her hit single "Je Veux Te Voir". She was also featured on Fatal Bazooka's song "Parle à ma main" in 2007. As of October 2007, she opened for Mika during his European tour. In February 2008, she performed the song "A cause des Garçons" on the BBC Three programme "Lily Allen and Friends". The programme said that this was her first appearance on UK television.

## Discography 
### Singles 
### Albums 
## Other websites
* Official Website
* Image
Nipple

can clearly be seen.]]
 them may lead to sexual arousal. ]]
The **nipple**, also known as **mammilla**, is a special structure. Female mammals (and women) use nipples for breastfeeding. The breast in male and female mammals is made the same way. The production of milk for breastfeeding is controlled by hormones. This means that men cannot use their breasts to produce milk (unless they have a problem with their hormones). 

## Related pages
* Breast
* Pasties
* Nipple piercing
* Breast feeding
M.C. Hammer

**Stanley Kirk Burrell** (born March 30, 1962), better known by his stage name **MC Hammer** (or simply **Hammer**), is an American rapper, actor, record producer and dancer. He was popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Hammer is known for becoming very  and well known in a short period of time. His fame and money did not last long though. He lost it all in a very short period. Hammer was also known for the pants he wore. "Hammer Pants" became a fashion trend while he was popular. He became a preacher in the late 1990s. Hammer now works as a television host, entrepreneur, music executive and CEO.

Hammer was a contestant in the first season of *The Surreal Life*.

Hammer is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
### Singles 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* MC Hammer on Yahoo! Music 
* *What Ever happened to ...* MC Hammer 
* MC Hammer blog
Ozama River

The **River Ozama** is a river in the eastern part of the *Llano Costero del Caribe* (in English, "Caribbean Coastal Plain"). Its overall length of 148 km makes it the fourth longest river in the Dominican Republic, and its watershed (2,685 km²) is the fourth largest of the country.

Because large parts of the watershed is found in region where rainfalls are frequent, without a dry period, its flow is always very good.

## Name 
Ozama is a Taíno word. Bartolomé de Las Casas always wrote *Hozama*. When he wrote, the "H" represented the letter "J" and was pronounced (similar to the English "H" in house, home). There are several words in the Dominican Republic with that H: Haina-Jaina, Haití-Jaití.

Writers of the 16th century wrote Hosama and Osama. But later the H disappeared completely.

## Course 
The sources of the Ozama are in the Loma Siete Cabezas mountain (in English, "Seven Heads Mountain"), the highest mountain of the Sierra de Yamasá mountain range. It flows east through the Monte Plata province and then slowly bends southeast, forming part of the limits between the Santo Domingo and Monte Plata provinces.

Near the municipality of San Luis, it is joined by the River Yabacao and then turns to the southwest. In the city of Santo Domingo, the river flows to the south and into the Caribbean Sea.

The most important tributaries are Yabacao, Isabela and Savita (or Sabita).

## Cities 
The *Greater Santo Domingo*, that includes Santo Domingo and parts of Santo Domingo Este and Santo Domingo Norte, is the most important city on the river banks. The river divides the old city of Santo Domingo in three sections; before 2001, all three sections were part of Santo Domingo but now only the western part is part of the city. The eastern section is the city of Santo Domingo Este and the northern section is part of Santo Domingo Norte.

## Environment and usage 
The River Ozama flows through a region where rainfalls are frequent and, for that reason, its water is not needed for irrigation. There are too much solid materials in the water and it cannot be used for the houses.

Sugarcane was grown to produce sugar in lands around the River Ozama and its tributary Isabela. The river was used to take the sugar to the port of Santo Domingo.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, sugar cane was the most important crop grown close to the River Ozama. Cattle is also important in the region because grasses are abundant.

For the second half of the 20th century, Santo Domingo became the most important port of the country; the port was near the mouth of the River Ozama. But now the port is used mainly for tourist ships.

## In art 
The River Ozama has been used in art, mainly in poetry, as a symbol of the country. Many poets wrote poems about the river when they were out of the country because of political reasons; they sang to the river to represent the return to their country. José Joaquín Puello, a Dominican poet of the 19th century, wrote several poems where the name is used to represent the country; two of them are *Ecos del destierro* ("Echoes of the exile") and *La vuelta al hogar* ("Back to home").

## References
Nuclear power plant

]]

A **nuclear power plant** is a type of power station that generates electricity using heat from nuclear reactions. These reactions take place within a reactor. The plant also has machines which remove heat from the reactor to operate a steam turbine and generator to make electricity. Electricity made by nuclear power plants is called nuclear power. 

Nuclear power plants are usually near water to remove the heat the reactor makes. Some nuclear power plants use cooling towers to do this. Nuclear power plants use uranium as fuel. When the reactor is on, uranium atoms inside the reactor split into two smaller atoms. When uranium atoms split, they give off a large amount of heat. This splitting of atoms is called fission.  

The most popular atoms to fission are uranium and plutonium. Those atoms are slightly radioactive. The atoms produced when fuel atoms break apart are strongly radioactive. Today, fission only happens in nuclear reactors. In nuclear reactors, fission only happens when the reactors parts are arranged properly. Nuclear power plants turn their reactors off when replacing old nuclear fuel with new fuel.  

There are about four hundred nuclear power plants in the world, with many in the United States, France, and Japan. Some famous accidents at nuclear power plants were the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine, and the 1979 Three Mile Island accident in the United States.  An anti-nuclear movement in Australia opposes the making of any nuclear power plants in the country.
John Paul Jones (musician)

**John Paul Jones** (born **John Baldwin** on 3 January 1946), in Sidcup, Kent) is an English musician and record producer, and was known for being the bassist, the keyboardist, backing vocalist, and the mandolin player for rock band Led Zeppelin.

## Early Years
John started playing the Piano when he was six years old. His father, Joe Baldwin was his teacher. When he was 15 Jones joined his first band called The Deltas. In 1962 Jones joined a band called The Shadows. The Shadows had one hit song called Diamonds, which an artist named Jimmy Page had helped write.

## Led Zeppelin
During his time with The Shadows Jones was seen by Jimmy Page. When Jimmy was forming his new band, Jones' wife suggested he ask Jimmy about the new band. Jimmy was very glad that Jones had asked, and the two formed a duo. Soon after singer Robert Plant and drummer John Bonham joined them forming a Quartet. At first, the group was called The New Yardbirds, but the name was soon changed to Led Zeppelin.

## References
## Other websites
*John Paul Jones' Official Website
*Led Zeppelin Official Site
*JPJ Radio Interview 22 February 2002 with Chris Comer & Rob Ervin
American Airlines Flight 77

**American Airlines Flight 77** was American Airlines' transcontinental flight from Washington Dulles International Airport, in Dulles, Virginia to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California. The flight flew every day in the morning on this route.  On September 11, 2001, the aircraft flying this route—a Boeing 757-223—was hijacked by five al-Qaeda terrorists.  The hijackers crashed the plane into the Pentagon on purpose.  The crash was part of the September 11 attacks.

The hijackers went into the cockpit and made the passengers move to the back of the plane less than 35&nbsp;minutes into the flight. Hani Hanjour, one of the hijackers who was trained as a pilot, took over the flight. Passengers on the plane were able to make telephone calls to loved ones.  They also called people to tell them what was happening on the plane.  The hijackers did not know that passengers were doing this.

Barbara Olson, wife of U.S. Solicitor General Theodore Olson, was one of the passengers.

The aircraft crashed into the western side of the Pentagon at 09:37 EDT. All 64 people on board the aircraft, including the hijackers, died. 125 people in the building died as well. Dozens of people saw the crash. News sources began reporting on the incident within minutes. The impact damaged an area of the Pentagon and started a large fire. Part of the Pentagon collapsed. Firefighters spent days trying to stop the fire. The damaged areas of the Pentagon were rebuilt in 2002.  The fixed areas were able to be used again starting on August 15, 2002.

The 184 victims of the attack are honored in the Pentagon Memorial next to the Pentagon. The  park contains a bench for each of the victims.  The benches are put in order of the victim's years of birth.  These years range from 1930 (aged 71) to 1998 (aged 3).

## Hijackers of American Airlines Flight 77 
* Hani Hanjour
* Nawaf al-Hazmi
* Salem al-Hazmi
* Majed Moqed
* Khalid al-Mihdhar

## Other websites 
* American Airlines Flight 77  Brief summary, as well as complete victim list
Zlata's Diary

'''''Zlata's Diary''''' was a diary  by Bosnia and Herzegovina's Zlata Filipovic. It was written between 1991 and 1993 about her life at the time. It was mostly about the Bosnian war that erupted near her  in Sarajevo. She starts the fifth grade in the beginning of 1991 and she reunites her friends and her family. 

Zlata's Diary is about a girl that  lived through the Bosnian war. She kept a diary that she called  Mimmy. Her entries were always, "*Dear Mimmy*" and she'd end with, "*Your Zlata*". 

Zlata was known as the Anne Frank of Bosnia. The book tells you about her difficult childhood that was stolen away from her as a child. She learned to handle deaths and tragedies throughout the young years of her life. This book is good for children as they can understand the hardships faced by children living in countries in war.
Anna Bessonova

**Anna Bessonova** (; born 29 July 1984) is a Ukrainian 2 time Olympic Bronze medalist rhythmic gymnast. She was born in Kiev, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the daughter of Vladimir Bessonov and Viktoria Serkyh-Bessonova. 

## Career
She began training for rhythmic gymnastics at the age of three. She has won a gold medal in the 2007 Patras Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships. She takes interest to modeling and may pursue a career in it. She is coached by Irina Deriugina and Albina Deriugina at Deriugin's School of Rhythmic Gymnastics.

## Personal life 
Bessonova's father is an Dynamo Kyiv football player. Her mother used to be a rhythmic gymnast. Bessonova learned gymnastics from her mother.

After Bessonova retired, she moved to the United States and started coaching girls in Florida.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tekken

***Tekken*** is the first game for the Tekken series, released on December 9, 1994 for arcades. It was later released on the PlayStation in 1995. Tekken had two modes, Arcade mode and VS mode. Extra modes would be added in the next games.

## Characters in Tekken 
## Also see 
* Tekken (series)
Alicia Keys

**Alicia Augello Cook** (born January 25, 1981), known professionally as **Alicia Keys**, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She has sold over forty-one million albums and singles worldwide as of 2007, and has won numerous awards, including fourteen Grammy Awards, eleven Billboard Music Awards, five American Music Awards, and fourteen NAACP Image Awards.

## Early life
Keys was born on January 25, 1981, in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan, New York City, New York. Her birth name is Alicia Augello Cook. She is the only child of Teresa Augello, a paralegal and part-time actress, and Craig Cook, a flight attendant. Her mother is of half Italian and half English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry, and her father is of  African American ancestry. Keys has expressed that she was comfortable with her mixed race heritage because she felt she was able to "relate to different cultures".

## Discography
* *Songs in A Minor* (2001)
* *The Diary of Alicia Keys* (2003)

* *Unplugged* (2005)
* *As I Am* (2007)
* *The Element of Freedom* (2009)
* *Girl on Fire* (2012)
* *Here* (2016)
* *Alicia* (2020)
* *Keys* (2021)
* *Santa Baby* (2022)

## Filmography
* ''Smokin' Aces* (2006)
* *The Nanny Diaries* (2007)
* *The Secret Life of Bees* (2008)

## Concert tours
**Headlining tours**
* Songs in A Minor Tour (2002)
* Diary Tour (2005)
* As I Am Tour (2008)
* Freedom Tour (2010)
* Set the World on Fire Tour (2013)
* Alicia + Keys World Tour  (2022–2023)
* Keys to the Summer Tour (2023)

**Co-headlining tours**
* The Verizon Ladies First Tour (2004)

**Concerts**
* Piano & I: A One Night Only Event with Alicia Keys (2011)

## Bibliography
**Books**
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
*

**Published articles**
*Keys, Alicia (2008): *AIDS Not Killing Hope in Africa*. CNN.
*Keys, Alicia (2015): *Don't Fail the Children in Africa*. CNN.
*Keys, Alicia (2016): *Time to Uncover*. *Lenny Letter*.

**Other contributions**
*Keys, Alicia (2014): Introduction. in *Spirit Rising: My Life, My Music* by Angelique Kidjo and Rachel Wenrick. Harper Design. 
*Keys, Alicia (2018): Foreword. in *Blend: The Secret to Co-Parenting and Creating a Balanced Family'' by Mashonda Tifrere. TarcherPerigee. .

## Filmography
## Related pages
*List of poets from the United States
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Alicia Keys at Discogs
* Alicia Keys at Metacritic
Tekken 2

***Tekken 2*** is a fighting video game made by Namco. It was released in arcades in 1995 and released worldwide on PlayStation in 1996.

## Characters
The game contains twenty five characters. Most from the original game return in the game, except Jack.

### Returning characters
|width=50% valign=top|
*Heihachi Mishima
*Marshall Law
*Paul Phoenix
*Michelle Chang
*Nina Williams
*King
*Yoshimitsu
*Kazuya Mishima (unlockable)
*Kuma (unlockable)
|width=50% valign=top|
*Ganryu (unlockable)
*Anna Williams (unlockable)
*Prototype Jack (unlockable)
*Lee Chaolan (unlockable)
*Devil Kazuya (unlockable)
*Armor King (unlockable)
*Wang Jinrei (unlockable)
*Kunimitsu (unlockable)

### New characters
*Jun Kazama
*Lei Wulong
*Jack-2
*Baek Doo San (unlockable)
*Bruce Irvin (unlockable)
*Roger (unlockable)
*Alex (unlockable)
*Angel (unlockable)
List of counties in North Carolina

The U.S. state of North Carolina is divided up into **100 counties**.

## List of counties in North Carolina
## Map of counties in North Carolina 
## References
Basra

**Basra** (; **Al Baṣrah**) is the third largest city of Iraq with a population of about 2,600,000 (2003). It is  the country's main port. Baṣra played an important role in early Muslim history, and it was the first city built in Islam 14 A.H (after Hijra)

## Overview 
The city lies at the Shatt al-Arab waterway near the Persian Gulf,  from the Persian Gulf and  from Baghdad, Iraq's capital and largest city.

## Bibliography 
* Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam. Routledge. 2nd ed, 2000
* Vincent, Stephen. *Into The Red Zone:  A Journey Into the Soul of Iraq*. .

## Other websites 
* 2003 Basra map (NIMA)
* Boomtown Basra 
* Muhammad and the Spread of Islam by Sanderson Beck 
* Theological Themes 
* The Qadariyya, Mu'tazila, and Shi'a 
* The Textual History of the Qur'an , Arthur Jeffery, 1946
* Codex of Abu Musa al-Ashari , Arthur Jeffery, 1936
List of The Nanny episodes

This is a list of the episodes of the CBS television sitcom ***The Nanny***. There are **146** episodes in this series.

## Season One (1993-1994)
## Season Two (1994-1995)
## Season Three (1995-1996)
## Season Four (1996-1997)
## Season Five (1997-1998)
## Season Six (1998-1999)
## Reunion Special: 2004
**The Nanny Reunion: A Nosh to Remember *
622

## Events 
* July 16 — Year one of the Islamic calendar begins.
* September – Hijra (Islam) (Mohammad leave Mecca and go to Medina.)
* Xuanzang is fully ordained as a monk at the age of 20.
* The first Chinese Encyclopedia, Yiwen Leiju, is completed.

## Births 
* Xue Yuanchao

## Deaths 
* Prince Shotoku, Japanese prince, one of the first in that country to support Buddhism
* Andronicus, Coptic Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria
* Li Zitong
* Lin Shihong
* Liu Wuzhou
Hijra

**Hijra**, as an Arabic word meaning migration (also romanised as **hijrah**, **hejira** and **hegira**) (cf. Hebrew הגירה *hagirah* for *emigration*) could mean:

*The Hijra (Islam) (هِجْرَةٌ) is the emigration of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622, marking the first year of the Islamic calendar, 1 AH (*anno higirae*).
*Migration to Abyssinia, in 615 CE a number of Sahaba migrated to Ethiopia
*Meccan boycott of Hashemites and Muhammad, the second migration due to the boycott in 617–619
*Migration to Medina, the third and final emigration of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622
*Hijri year, marks the start of the Hijri year of the Islamic calendar

**Hijra** may also mean:
*Hijra (South Asia), a "third gender" in Bangladesh, Republic of India and Pakistan

**Hejira** may mean:
**Hejira* (album), a 1976 album by Joni Mitchell
**"Hejira" (song), the fifth track on the album

**Hegira** may mean:    

**Hegira* (novel), a 1979 science fiction novel by Greg Bear
*The migration of humanity to the stars in Dan Simmons' Hyperion Cantos books
*Hegira (Battletech), a term in the BattleTech universe

**Hiigara** may mean:
*Hiigara, the homeworld of the Kushan, who were forced into exile after losing a war with the Taaidan. The plot of the computer game *Homeworld* details the return of the Kushan exiles to Hiigara. The name means "our home" in ancient Kushan language.
Alison Moyet

**Alison Moyet** (born **Genevieve Alison Jane Moyet** on 18 June 1961), is an English pop singer-songwriter noted for her bluesy voice http://wm10.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:jifpxqugld6e . 

## Early life and career
Alison Moyet was born in Billericay, Essex, England. Her father was French; her mother was English. She grew up in Basildon, where she attended school. She left school at 16 and trained as a piano tuner. She was involved in a number of punk rock, pub rock and blues bands in the South East Essex area during the late 1970s and early 1980s, including the Vandals, the Screamin' Ab Dabs, the Vicars and the Little Roosters.

## Yazoo
Moyet's pop career began in 1981 when she formed the electropop group Yazoo with former Depeche Mode member Vince Clarke. Yazoo had several hits, including "Only You", "Don't Go", "Situation" and "Nobody's Diary", and recorded two albums, ''Upstairs at Eric's* and *You and Me Both''. 

In 1983 Moyet and Clarke decided to end Yazoo. Clarke formed The Assembly and later Erasure; Moyet started a solo career. Moyet reunited with Clarke as Yazoo for a live tour during 2008.

## Other websites
*
Durham County, North Carolina

**Durham County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.   Its county seat is Durham.

## History 
The county was made on April 17, 1881, from parts of Orange County and Wake County.  In 1911 parts of Cedar Fork Township in Wake County were transferred to Durham County and became Carr Township.

## Government 
Durham County is part of the regional Triangle J Council of Governments.

## Cities and Towns 
The only incorporated city in Durham County is the City of Durham.  But, parts of the Town of Chapel Hill in Orange County are also in Durham County.

## Connected Counties 
*Person County, North Carolina - north
*Granville County, North Carolina - northeast
*Wake County, North Carolina - southeast
*Chatham County, North Carolina - south-southwest
*Orange County, North Carolina - west

## Other websites
*Durham County government official website 
*Durham Convention and Visitors Bureau
Granville County, North Carolina

**Granville County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  As of 2020, 60,992 people lived there.  Its county seat is Oxford.

## History 
The county was made in 1746 from Edgecombe County.

In 1752 parts of Granville County, Bladen County, and Johnston County were combined to form Orange County.  In 1764 the eastern part of Granville County became Bute County.  And in 1881 parts of Granville County, Franklin County, and Warren County were combined to form Vance County.

## Government 
Granville County is part of the Kerr-Tar Regional Council of Governments.

## Bordoring Counties 
The counties border, or connect to, Granville County:
*Mecklenburg County, Virginia - north
*Vance County, North Carolina - east
*Franklin County, North Carolina - southeast
*Wake County, North Carolina - south
*Durham County, North Carolina - southwest
*Person County, North Carolina - west
*Halifax County, Virginia - north-northwest

## Cities and towns 
These cities and towns are in Granville County:
*Butner
*Creedmoor
*Oxford
*Stem
*Stovall

## References 
## Other websites 
*Granville County government official website
*Granville County Chamber of Commerce
*Granville County Historical Society/Museums
Franklin County, North Carolina

**Franklin County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  As of 2020, 68,573 people lived there.  Its county seat is Louisburg.

## History 
The county was made in 1779 from the southern half of Bute County.  It was named for Benjamin Franklin.

In 1881, parts of Franklin County, Granville County, and Warren County were combined to form Vance County.

## Law and government 
Franklin County is a member of the Kerr-Tar Regional Council of Governments.

## Education 
The Methodist Louisburg College and a campus of Vance-Granville Community College are in Franklin County.

## Connected Counties 
These counties are connected to Franklin County:
*Warren County, North Carolina - north-northeast
*Nash County, North Carolina - east
*Wake County, North Carolina - southwest
*Granville County, North Carolina - west
*Vance County, North Carolina - north-northwest
*Johnston County, North Carolina - south
*Halifax County, North Carolina - northeast

## Cities and Towns 
These cities and towns are in Franklin County:
*Bunn
*Centerville
*Franklinton
*Louisburg
*Youngsville

## References
## Other websites
*Franklin County government official website
*Greater Franklin County Chamber of Commerce
**The Franklin Times*
Shoulder rest

A **shoulder rest** is something which is used by people who play the violin or the viola. It may be made of wood, aluminium, carbon fiber or plastic. It appeared around the middle part of the 20th century. Usually, the shoulder rest attaches to the edge of the violin with "feet" padded with rubber tubing or made of soft plastic.

The purpose of a shoulder rest is to help the player to be comfortable holding the violin, which is held between the chin and the shoulder. It is a relatively recent invention, and though it is quite commonly used among modern violinists and violists, it is not universally used. Depending on body type and style of clothes, some musicians prefer no more than a thin sponge, a cloth or sometimes nothing at all under the instrument. It is important that the player can shift his left hand easily and freely to play in the higher positions without being afraid that he will drop the instrument, and without feeling the need to squeeze the instrument between his chin and shoulder as this will make the muscles in his neck very tight.

The shoulder rest must not be confused with the chinrest, which is the bit on which the player rests his chin.

## References
## Related pages
*Chinrest
The Nanny

***The Nanny*** was an American sitcom starring Fran Drescher. It first showed in 1993 and ended in 1999.

## Starring 
* Fran Drescher
* Charles Shaughnessy
* Daniel Davis
* Lauren Lane
* Nicholle Tom
* Benjamin Salisbury
* Madeline Zima
* Renée Taylor
* Rachel Chagall
* Ann Morgan Guilbert

### Characters 
* Fran Fine
* Maxwell Sheffield
* Niles
* C. C. Babcock
* Maggie Sheffield
* Brighton Sheffield
* Grace Sheffield
* Sylvia Fine
* Yetta Rosenberg
* Val Toriello

## Story 
Fran Fine is a bridal consultant at Danny's Parisian Brides for Less. Thinking her boyfriend of three years will propose at any minute, she stays with him. But in the series premier, he dumps her for Heather Biblow. He fires her so Heather Biblow can take her job. Fran is forced to take a job as a door-to-door cosmetics saleswoman for Shades of the Orient cosmetics. When she knocks on the door of the Sheffield residence, the man at the door, who turns out to be the butler, mistakes her for an applicant for the nanny position. After meeting the man of the house, Maxwell Sheffield, he is none to thrilled with her unorthodox manners and lack of experience. Out of desperation, he takes her on as nanny on a trial basis.

The girls, Maggie, the oldest, and Gracie the youngest quickly warm up to her, but not Maxwell's son, the middle boy Brighton. He was the hardest to win over, and eventually she becomes an integral part of the Sheffield home, and she becomes best friends with the butler Niles. Maxwell's business partner C.C. Babcock, who wants Maxwell for herself, becomes jealous of Fran and sees her as a competitor.

The series showed many hints of the growing attraction between Miss Fine and Mr Sheffield, even so far as Mr Sheffield saying he loved her....then taking it back. Eventually they do get married after a lot of ups and downs. Near the end of the series, Fran gives birth to twins, a boy and a girl. The Sheffields (Maxwell, Fran, Grace, Jonah, Eve) move to California. Maggie and Brighton take a trip to Europe. The last scene of the show is of Fran finding her Shades of the Orient case from the series premiere, looking at the case and the house with loving memories and walking out the door for the last time.

## Impact
### Reception
The show performed poorly in its first year. When it was almost canceled, Sagansky stepped in. According to Jacobson: "At all those affiliate meetings, he used to say, 'Stick by *The Nanny*!' He knew it was something special." The series was also very successful internationally. In Australia, it was one of the highest-rated programs during the mid-to-late 1990s.

### Ratings
## Related pages
* List of The Nanny episodes

## References
Johnston County, North Carolina

**Johnston County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2020, 215,999 people lived there. Its county seat is Smithfield.

## History 
The county was made in 1746 from Craven County.  It was named for Gabriel Johnston, who used to be the governor of North Carolina.

In 1752 parts of Johnston County, Bladen County, and Granville County were combined to form Orange County.  In 1758 the eastern part of Johnston County became Dobbs County.  In 1770 parts of Johnston County, Cumberland County, and Orange County were combined to form Wake County.  And in 1855 parts of Johnston County, Edgecombe County, Nash County, and Wayne County were combined to form Wilson County.

## Government 
Johnston County is a member of the regional Triangle J Council of Governments.

## Connected Counties 
These counties are connected to Johnston County:
*Nash County, North Carolina - north-northeast
*Wilson County, North Carolina - northeast
*Wayne County, North Carolina - southeast
*Sampson County, North Carolina - south
*Harnett County, North Carolina - southwest
*Wake County, North Carolina - northwest

## Major Roads
* Interstate 40
* Interstate 95
* U.S. Highway 70
* U.S. Highway 301
* U.S. Highway 701

## Cities and towns 
These cities and towns are in Johnston County:
*Benson
*Clayton
*Four Oaks
*Kenly
*Micro
*Pine Level
*Princeton
*Selma
*Smithfield
*West Smithfield
*Wilson's Mills
*Zebulon

## Newspapers in Johnston County 
*Clayton News-Star 
*Kenly News
*The Four Oaks-Benson News in Review
*Princeton News Leader 
*The Selma News
*The Smithfield Herald
*The Cleveland Post
*The News & Observer
*The Goldsboro News-Argus

## References
## Other websites
*Johnston County government official website 
*Johnston County Visitors Bureau, the official site for visitor information for Johnston County
Felinae

The **Felinae** is a subfamily of the Felidae family. It includes small cats and a few medium-large cats, especially the cougar (*Puma concolor*) and the cheetah (*Acinonyx jubatus*).

## Genetic classification
There is now a precise classification for the living members of the subfamily based on genetic research.  These genetic lineages have been identified:

*Lineage 1A: *Pardofelis* (marbled cat) and *Catopuma* (Bornean bay cat, and Asian golden cat) 
*Lineage 1B: *Leptailurus* (serval), *Caracal*, *Profelis* (African golden cat)
*Lineage 2: *Leopardus*: small spotted cats of Central and South America. Best known is the ocelot; also the guigna, margay, and Andean mountain cat
*Lineage 3: *Lynx*
*Lineage 4: *Puma*, *Acinonyx* (the cheetah)
*Lineage 5: *Prionailurus* (spotted Asian wildcats), *Otocolobus* (Pallas's cat), leopard cat (*Prionailurus bengalensis*), marbled cat (*Pardofelis marmorata*), rusty-spotted cat (*Prionailurus rubiginosus*), fishing cat (*Prionailurus viverrinus*), flat-headed cat (*Prionailurus planiceps*)
*Lineage 6: *Felis*: the domestic cat and its nearest relatives. Widespread in Africa, Asia and Europe, notably the jungle cat, sand cat,  and the wildcat. African wildcat (*Felis silvestris lybica*), black-footed cat (*Felis negripes*), Chinese mountain cat (*Felis bieti*)

## References
The Quibbler

***The Quibbler*** is a fictional magazine of the Harry Potter world. 
*The Quibbler* is written by Xenophilius Lovegood, father of Luna Lovegood. The magazine is meant to cause shock, and contains the strange opinions of Xenophilius. Luna believes in everything her father says and during the "Order of the Phoenix" she had lots of arguments with Hermione Granger about it.

*The Quibbler* often has articles about creatures that other characters believe to not exist. Because of Hermione, in *Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix*, it published an interview between Rita Skeeter and Harry Potter. In this interview, Harry said that he had seen Lord Voldemort.

For most of *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows*, *The Quibbler* writes positive views on Harry, and tells people to support him. However, after Luna is taken by the "Death Eaters" (supporters of Voldemort), Xenophilius turns against Harry and begins posting wanted signs for him in *The Quibbler*. When Harry visits him for information on the *Deathly Hallows*, Xenophilius turns him in to the Death Eaters. Harry narrowly escapes.
Camera obscura (disambiguation)

Camera obscura means "darkened chamber" to describe early devices for projecting an image on a screen, by use of a lens or a pinhole.

**Camera obscura** can also mean
*Camera Obscura, an attraction at the Cliff House in San Francisco.
*Camera Obscura (band), an indie band from Glasgow
*Camera Obscura (album), by Nico
**Camera Obscura*, one of the translated titles of a 1932 novel by Vladimir Nabokov
* The Camera Obscura (Fatal Frame) is also the name of a camera used to exorcise spirits by taking pictures, used in the game Fatal Frame
*Camera Obscura (Doctor Who) a novel based on the *Doctor Who* series
*Camera Obscura (German band), a German instrumental group, who had a minor hit in 1983 with the *Destitution* EP

## Related pages
*Pinhole camera
Pinhole camera

on the ground.]]

A **pinhole camera** is a camera without a conventional glass lens.  An extremely small hole in a thin material can create an image when all light rays from a scene go through a single point. In order to produce a reasonably clear image, the aperture has to be about 1/100th the distance to the screen, or less.  The shutter of a pinhole camera usually consists of a hand operated flap of some light-proof material to cover and uncover the pinhole.  

A common use of a pinhole camera is to capture the movement of sunlight over a long period of time. This type of photography is called Solargraphy. 
Pinhole cameras require much longer exposure times than conventional cameras because of the small aperture; typical exposure times can range from 5&nbsp;seconds to hours or days.  

The image may be projected on a translucent screen for real-time viewing (popular for viewing solar eclipses; see also camera obscura).

Like other cameras, pinhole cameras make the picture upside-down.

## Invention of pinhole camera 
Very early in history (as far back as 500 B.C.), Greeks such as Aristotle and Euclid wrote on naturally-occurring rudimentary pinhole cameras, for example light may travel through the slits of wicker baskets and the crossing of leaves  The ancient Greeks, however, believed that our eye emitted rays which enabled us to see. What enabled a much better understanding of the pinhole camera was the discovery that light enters the eye rather than leaving it. It was the 10th-century Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physicist Ibn al-Haytham who published this idea.

## Notes and references 
## Other websites
*Worldwide Pinhole Photography Day website
*Pinhole Photography and Camera Design Calculators
*Illustrated history of cinematography 
*History and Pinhole Photography Resources
Shutter

**Shutter** could mean:

**Windows:**
*Window shutter, a solid window covering used to block light and winds
*Hurricane shutter, a reinforced window shutter for protection in strong winds

**Optical:**
*Shutter (photography), a photographic device that administers the exposure by limiting the time over which light is admitted
*Movie projector shutter, used to interrupt the emitted light during the time the film is advanced to the next frame
*Stage lighting shutter, used to modify the light cast by a theatre light
*A device used to manipulate pulses of light in a signal lamp

**Acoustic:**
*Swell shutter, a flap used to control the flow of air through the pipes in a pipe organ

**Movies:**
*Shutter (Thai movie), a 2004 horror movie from Thailand
*Shutter (US movie), a 2004 movie from the United States
*Shutter (Short movie), a 2001 short movie by Jannu Alain Goldschmidt
*Shutter (2008 movie), a 2008 starring Joshua Jackson

**Other**
*Shuttering is the permanent closure of a building or business.
Shutter (photography)

In photography, a **shutter** is the part of a camera that opens for a controlled period of time to let light in during taking a picture.

A shutter can also be used to allow pulses of light to pass outwards, as in a movie projector or signal lamp.

## Camera shutters
Camera shutters can be fitted in two positions:
*Central shutters are mounted within a lens assembly, or more rarely behind or even in front of a lens and shut off the beam of light where it is narrow. A leaf mechanism is usually used.
*Focal plane shutters are mounted near the focal plane and move to uncover the film or sensor.

Shutters immediately behind the lens were used in some cameras with limited lens interchangeability. Shutters in front of the lens were used in the early days of photography.

## Related pages
* Photographic lens
Movie projector

A **movie projector** is a machine that shows moving pictures by projecting them on a projection screen. Most of the optical and mechanical elements, except for the illumination and sound devices, are present in movie cameras. Many movie projectors use film and are called "film projectors". They are similar to slide projectors but with additional parts to keep the film moving at the correct speed.

## Other websites 
*Collection of restored cinema projectors and lighting by Regal Group, UK. 
*Film-Tech
*American Wide Screen Museum
*The story of the DP70 - The Todd-AO Projector
*A Cinerama site
Nash County, North Carolina

**Nash County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  As of 2020, 94,970 people lived there. Its county seat is Nashville.

## History 
The county was made in 1777 from Edgecombe County. It was named for Brigadier General Francis Nash, who had been wounded that year at the Battle of Germantown.

In 1855 parts of Nash County, Edgecombe County, Johnston County, and Wayne County were combined to make Wilson County.

## Government 
Nash County is part of the regional Upper Coastal Plain Council of Governments.

## Connected counties 
These counties are connected to Nash County:
*Halifax County, North Carolina - north
*Edgecombe County, North Carolina - east
*Wilson County, North Carolina - south
*Johnston County, North Carolina - southwest
*Franklin County, North Carolina - west
*Wake County, North Carolina - southwest

## Cities and towns 
These are the cities and towns in Nash County:
*Bailey
*Battleboro
*Castalia
*Dortches
*Middlesex
*Momeyer
*Nashville
*Red Oak
*Rocky Mount
*Spring Hope
*Whitakers

## References 
## Other websites
*Nash County government official website
Hijrah

**Hijra** (هِجْرَة), or withdrawal, is the word that is used for the movement of Muhammad and most of his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622.  The Hijra marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.  Alternate spellings of this Arabic word in the Latin alphabet are **Hijrah**, or **Hegira** in Latin.

## Chronology of the Hijra 
*Day 1: Thursday 26 Safar AH 1, 9 September 622
**Left home in Mecca. Stayed three days in the Cave of Thawr near Mecca.
*Day 5: Monday 1 Rabi' I AH 1, 13 September 622  
**Left the environs of Mecca. Traveled to the region of Yathrib.
*Day 12: Monday 8 Rabi' I AH 1, 20 September 622
**Arrived at Quba' near Medina.
*Day 16: Friday 12 Rabi' I AH 1, 24 September 622
**First visit to Medina for Friday prayers.
*Day 26: Monday 22 Rabi' I AH 1, 4 October 622
**Moved from Quba' to Medina.
The Muslim dates are in the Islamic calendar extended back in time. The Western dates are in the Julian calendar. The Hijra is celebrated annually on 8&nbsp;Rabi'&nbsp;I, about 66 days after 1&nbsp;Muharram, the first day of the Muslim year. Many writers confuse the first day of the year of the Hijra with the Hijra itself, erroneously stating that the Hijra occurred on 1&nbsp;Muharram AH&nbsp;1 or 16 July 622.

## Related pages
*Battle of Badr

## References
* F. A. Shamsi, "The Date of Hijrah", *Islamic Studies* **23** (1984): 189-224, 289-323.

## Other websites 
* IslamiCity.com article on the Hijrah 
* Articles, audios on the Hijrah
William R. King

**William Rufus DeVane King** (April 7, 1786 – April 18, 1853) was a U.S. representative from North Carolina, a U.S. senator from Alabama, and the 13th vice president of the United States. Excluding John Tyler and Andrew Johnson, both of whom ascended to the presidency, he was the shortest-serving person to occupy that office (45 days) since he died shortly after his term began. (See List of vice presidents of the United States by time in office).
Wake County, North Carolina

**Wake County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of 2020, 1,129,410 people lived there. Wake County has more people than any other county in North Carolina. The county seat is Raleigh, which is also the state capital. From 2005 to 2006, Wake County was the 9th fastest growing county in the United States.

## Cities and Towns 
These cities and towns are in Wake County:
*Apex
*Cary
*Fuquay-Varina
*Garner
*Holly Springs
*Knightdale
*Morrisville
*Raleigh
*Brentwood
*Wake Forest
*Wendell
*Zebulon

## Connected Counties 
These counties are connected to Wake County:
*Granville County, North Carolina - north
*Franklin County, North Carolina - northeast
*Nash County, North Carolina - east
*Johnston County, North Carolina - southeast
*Harnett County, North Carolina - southwest
*Chatham County, North Carolina - west
*Durham County, North Carolina - northwest

## Education 
### Colleges and Universities 
Wake County has seven colleges and universities. They are: Meredith College, North Carolina State University, Peace College, Saint Augustine's College, Shaw University, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary and Wake Technical Community College.

### Public and Private Schools 
The Wake County Public School System runs the public schools in Wake County.  The school system has over 155,000 students. There are 27 high schools, 33 middle schools, 104 elementary schools and 8 specialized schools. There are also nine charter schools and 31 private schools in the county.

## Transportation 
Raleigh-Durham International Airport is in Wake County.  Interstate 40 is a major interstate and part of it goes through the county.  Several local bus services have routes throughout Wake County.  Wake County also has two Amtrak stations, one in Raleigh and one in Cary.

## Parks and Recreation 
### State parks
Wake County has three state parks: Falls Lake State Recreation Area, William B. Umstead State Park, and the Jordan Lake State Recreation Area. Falls Lake Park is in northern Wake County and contains the 12,000 acre Falls Lake and 26,000 acres of woods. Umstead Park is between Raleigh and Cary. It has 5,579 acres of woods. Part of Jordan Lake Park, is in Wake County near Apex, and it has the 13,940 acre Jordan Lake and 46,768 acres of woods. This park has bald eagles.

### County parks and recreation centers
There are 152 city parks, public swimming pools and public tennis courts in Wake County.  There are 53 community centers.  Fifteen miles of the American Tobacco Trail is in the county.  People can use the trail to walk, jog, and ride bikes or horses.

## Hospitals
Wake County has three main hospitals, Rex Hospital, WakeMed, and Duke Raleigh Hospital.  WakeMed also has many smaller hospitals throughout the county

## References