open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mission to Mars

***Mission to Mars*** is a 2000 American Canadian French science fiction adventure movie directed by Brian De Palma and was based on the Disney's theme park of the same name. It stars Gary Sinise, Tim Robbins, Don Cheadle, Connie Nielsen, Jerry O'Connell, Kim Delaney, Armin Mueller-Stahl and Bill Timoney. It was distributed by Touchstone Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Minor in Possession

In the United States, if someone under 21 years of age has or drinks alcohol, it's against the law. This law is called "Minor in Possession" or "MIP" and is usually a misdemeanor. If anyone under the age of 21 has or drinks alcohol, except in special cases, they are breaking the law. Punishments for people under 21 years of age caught with alcohol differ around the United States. Each state has its own rules for the drinking age and only local or state officials can give out tickets for underage drinking. Every state has different fines and consequences for minors caught with alcohol.

## References
113 (number)

**113** (**one hundred [and] thirteen**) is a 3 digit number. It is the 30th prime number, and it is standing between the numbers 112 and 114.
Bobasatraniiformes

*]]
**Bobasatraniiformes** is an extinct order of ray-finned fish from the Triassic. The four genera are *Bobasatrania*, *Ebenaqua*, *Ecrinesomus*, and *Dorypterus*. They also have two families: **Bobasatraniidae** and **Dorypteridae**. They lived in both marine and freshwater environments.

The most famous of them is undoubtedly *Bobasatrania*. The relationships of this order with others is not well known. They are one of the survivors of the Permian–Triassic extinction event. They are durophagous.

## Classification 
* **Order** †**Bobasatraniiformes** Berg, 1940
** **Family** †**Bobasatraniidae** Stensiö, 1932
*** Genus †*Bobasatrania* White, 1932
**** †*Bobasatrania antiqua* Accordi, 1955
**** †*Bobasatrania canadensis* Lambe, 1914
**** †*Bobasatrania ceresiensis* Bürgin, 1992
**** †*Bobasatrania groenlandica* Stensiö, 1932
**** †*Bobasatrania ladina* Accordi, 1955 
**** †*Bobasatrania mahavavica* White, 1932 (type species)
**** †*Bobasatrania nathorsti* Stensiö, 1921
**** †*Bobasatrania scutata* Gervais, 1852
*** Genus †*Ebenaqua* Campbell & Phuoc, 1983
**** †*Ebenaqua ritchiei* Campbell & Phuoc, 1983 (type species)
*** Genus †*Ecrinesomus* Woodward, 1910
**** †*Ecrinesomus dixoni* Woodward, 1910 (type species)
** **Family** †**Dorypteridae** Cope, 1877
*** Genus †*Dorypterus* Germar, 1842
**** †*Dorypterus hoffmanni* Germar, 1842 (type species)
**** †*Dorypterus althausi* Münster, 1842

## Image gallery 
* with its typical high dorsal fin]]
* fossils]]
 canadensis* fossil]]

## Related pages 
* Pachycormiformes

## References 
# "Bobasatraniiformes". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
# Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". *Bulletins of American Paleontology*. **364**: 560. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
Ebenaqua

***Ebenaqua ritchiei*** is an extinct species of bobasatraniiform that lived during the Lopingian of Australia. *Ebenaqua* resembled a Moorish idol. Its dorsal fin was high. It had the typical sharp snout. It did not exceed 15 cm in length.

*Ebenaqua ritchiei* was described in 1983 based on fossils found in Queensland. It is a member of the Bobasatraniiformes, along with *Bobasatrania*, *Ecrinesomus*, and *Dorypterus*.

## References 
# Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". *Bulletins of American Paleontology*. **364**: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
# Campbell, K. S. W.; Le Duy Phuoc (1983). "A Late Permian actinopterygian fish from Australia". *Palaeontology*. **26** (1): 33–70.

## Other websites 
* Ebenaqua on Fossilworks
Husayniyah

**Husayniyah** is a village in the Al Madinah Province inside the west of Saudi Arabia which has a Zaydi majority.

## References
Abu Ubayda

**Abu Ubayda** was one of the companions of the Prophet. He is known for being one of the ten people who Paradise was promised to. He was born in 583 in Mecca and died in 639 in the Plague of Amwas.

## References
Umbrella organization

An **umbrella organization** is an association of organizations who work together. It may provides resources and often identities to the smaller organizations. It may deal with the government.   It is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care.   

## References
Haj Qasem

The **Haj Qasem** is a missile that was released on the 20th of August 2020. It is named after Qasem Soleimani, the former Quds Force commander before being killed by the US.

The missile has a range of 1400 km and weighs 500 kg. It is called the next generation of the Fateh 110 and can bypass advanced missile defense systems.

The release of the Abu Mahdi and Haj Qasem missiles came 1 day after the US planned to issue UN sanctions against the country.

## References
Marland Heights, West Virginia

**Marland Heights** is an locked off community in Hancock County, West Viriginia, United States.

## References
Dorypterus

***Dorypterus*** is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish from the Wuchiapingian. It is a bobasatraniiform with a high dorsal fin. *Dorypterus* is the only member of its family, the **Dorypteridae**. It has two species, *Dorypterus hoffmanni* and *Dorypterus althausi*.

## Description 
This small fish did not exceed 15 cm. The most unusual feature of *Dorypterus* was its dorsal fin, which was exceptionally high. *D. hoffmanni* has a long dorsal fin, while *D. althausi* has a short dorsal fin.

## Classification 
### Discovery 
The type species, *D. hoffmanni*, was described by Germar in 1842. On that same year, *D. althausi* was described by Georg Zu Münster.

### Species 
* †*Dorypterus hoffmanni* Germar, 1842 (type species)
* †*Dorypterus althausi* Münster, 1842

## References 
# Schaumberg, Günther (1977). "Die Richelsdorfer Kupferschiefer und seine Fossilien, III". *Aufschluss*. **28**: 297–352.
Lucas Braathen

**Lucas Pinheiro Braathen** (born 19 April 2000) is a Brazilian-Norwegian World Cup alpine ski racer.

He will be representing Brazil, starting in 2024.

He is sponsored by Red Bull (as of 2024).

## Races
His most important results in competitions (as of 2024's first quarter)

## Sources
Leptomantis rufipes

The **Malaysian flying frog** or **red-legged tree frog** (*Leptomantis rufipes*) is a frog.  It lives in Indonesia and Malaysia.  People have seen it 950 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests that human beings have not changed. This frog lays eggs in foam nests on plants over water.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place, but human beings continue to cut down the forests where it lives.

## References
Boca Ráton Championship Wrestling

**Boca Raton Championship Wrestling** is a professional wrestling promotion based in Boca Raton, Florida. Founded in 2022 by Neil Glazier and Matthew H. Maschler. Glazier, a former banker, serves as the vice president of BRCW.

## History 
BRCW held its inaugural event in May 2022 at The Boca Black Box. In 2023, Coastal Championship Wrestling along with Matthew Mania held it's first show. Wrestlers including former WWE, NXT, Impact, and AEW stars have joined BRCW. In its first year, BRCW crowned Lakay, a Haitian wrestler trained by Gangrel, as its first BRCW World Heavyweight Champion. BRCW's "*Challenge Accepted*" event was held on May 7th, 2023. The event featured multiple championship matches, including LAKAY winning the *BRCW Heavyweight Championship* and MJ Jenkins defending the BRCW Women's Championship against Deonna Purrazzo. A 25-man Battle Royal and appearances by reality TV stars, wrestlers from other promotions were also part of the event.

## Championships 
### Current champions 
## NWA Pop-Up Events 
### 2023 
## References
(137108) 1999 AN10

'''''' is a kilometer-length near-Earth asteroid and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group projected to pass Earth on August 7, 2027. The asteroid's orbit is very inclined. It was discovered by LINEAR on January 13, 1999. The asteroid will not collide with Earth.
CEU Press

The **Central European University Press**, commonly known as the **CEU Press**, abbreviated as **CEUP**, is an academic publisher of the Central European University. It is in Budapest and New York City.

## Overview 
The CEU Press began in 1993, after the Central European University opened in 1991. Its language of publication is English.

## References
Iraqi insurgency (2003-2011)

An **Iraqi Insurgency** started after the 2003 American invasion and the removal of Saddam Hussein from power. The insurgency lasted until the end of the Iraq War which caused another Iraqi Insurgency which lasted from 2011-2013. The insurgency was diverse with different sects and religions that would normally be enemies fighting against the US forces together. However this alliance later broke apart and later caused a civil war in Iraq.

## References
Hizb ut-Tahrir

**Hizb ut-Tahrir** is an Islamist organization with the goal of creating an Islamic state to unite all Muslims under the Sharia.

The group was created in 1953 by Taql al-Din al-Nabhani in Jerusalem by a Palestinian Islamic Scholar taught in Egypt. He made  a draft for the creation of the caliphate. The organization believes that there is always war with the kuffar (non Muslims) with Muslims. They believe Jihad is a duty to prevent disbelief until everybody becomes Muslims. They also advocate for the removal of rulers who do kufr (act that makes them non Muslim) which is a step that is required until Islam can spread globally.

## References
Felipe de Neve

Felipe De Neve (*b.* 1728; *d.* 21 August 1784), Spanish governor of California. Born in Bailén, Spain, Neve entered military service as a cadet in 1744, subsequently serving in Cantabria, Flanders, Milan, and Portugal. He came to New Spain in 1764, and saw duty in Querétaro he accompanied Juan de Villabla to New Spain. Neve's initial assignment was as sergeant major in the provincial cavalry of Querétaro. At that juncture Spanish efforts centered on attracting recruits into units of local militia, but Neve's enlistment efforts resulted in his being driven from Pátzcuaro (Michoacán)
Stockton and Darlington Railway

The **Stockton and Darlington Railway **was a railway company  in north-east England from 1825 to 1863.  It was the world's first public railway to use steam locomotives. Its first line connected collieries near Shildon with Darlington and Stockton in County Durham. It was opened on 27 September 1825. The movement of coal to ships was profitable. The line was soon extended to a new port at Middlesbrough. Coal waggons were hauled by steam locomotives from the start, passengers were carried in coaches drawn by horses until carriages hauled by steam locomotives were introduced in 1833.

It was involved in building the East Coast Main Line between York and Darlington, but its main expansion was at Middlesbrough Docks and west into Weardale and east to Redcar. It suffered severe financial difficulties at the end of the 1840s and was nearly taken over by the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway, before the discovery of iron ore in Cleveland and the subsequent increase in income meant it could pay its debts. At the beginning of the 1860s it took over railways that had crossed the Pennines to join the West Coast Main Line at  and Clifton, near .

The company was taken over by the North Eastern Railway in 1863, transferring  of line and about 160 locomotives, but it continued to operate independently as the Darlington Section until 1876. The anniversary was celebrated in 1875, 1925 and 1975. Much of the original route is now served by the Tees Valley Line, operated by Northern.

## References
Australosomus

***Australosomus*** ("southern body") is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish from the Lower Triassic. 

Fossils have been found in Greenland, Kenya, Tanzania, Madagascar, South Africa and Canada (British Columbia). Most *Australosomus* species were marine, except the ones from Africa.

It is said that *Australosomus* was a small predator that ambushed other fish. As mentioned before, it lived in both marine and freshwater habitats.

## Description 
A small to medium-sized fish, *Australosomus* had a forked caudal fin. The body was tapered and long. It had a dorsal fin and an anal fin, which was placed in a backward position.

## Classification 
*Australosomus* is from the Pholidopleuriformes, a small order of ray-finned fish typical of the Triassic.

### Discovery 
*Australosomus* was first described by Jean Piveteau in 1930. The type species, *Australosomus merlei*, was called *Pristisomus merlei* at the time by Ferdinand Priem.

## Photo gallery 
## References 
# Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". *Bulletins of American Paleontology*. **364**: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
# -Piveteau, Jean (1930). "Particularités structurales d'un type nouveau de poisson fossile des formations permo-triasiques du nord de Madagascar". ''Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences* (in French).

## Other websites 
* Data related to *'' at Wikidata
Misery and Gin

"**Misery and Gin**" is a 1980 song by Merle Haggard and is the leading single from his 31st studio album *Back to the Barrooms*. It was used in the 1980 movie *Bronco Billy* and went to number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and number 4 on the Canadian RPM Country Track chart. It was covered by Billy Dean in 1994.
Mr. Crowley

"**Mr. Crowley**" is a 1981 song by English heavy metal singer Ozzy Osbourne. It was taken from his debut studio album *Blizzard of Ozz*. A live version was released as a single in the United Kingdom. The studio version was also released as a single in the United Kingdom.

## References
Red High Heels (song)

"**Red High Heels**" is the first single by American singer-songwriter Kellie Pickler.

## Music video
The music video for "Red High Heels" was directed by Chris Hicky. The video premiered on October 26, 2006 on CMT.

The video debuted at number 18 on CMT's *Top 20 Countdown* for the week of January 11, 2007.

## References
Pickpocket (movie)

***Pickpocket*** is a 1959 French crime drama movie directed by Robert Bresson and starring Martin LaSalle, Marika Green, Jean Pélégri, Pierre Étaix, Henri Kassagi, Pierre Leymarie.

## Other websites
*
If 6 Was 9

"**If 6 Was 9**" is a 1968 song by English band The Jimi Hendrix Experience. It was released from their second studio album *Axis: Bold as Love* and appeared on the soundtracks to Easy Rider in 1969 and Point Break in 1991.

## References
Grace O'Malley

'''Gráinne O'Malley**, also known as **Grace O'Malley** or "**The Pirate Queen'*" (*citation needed)'', was a pirate from Ireland who lived from around 1530 to about 1603. She hailed from the Ó Máille dynasty in the western part of Ireland, and her father was Eóghan Dubhdara Ó Máille.

After her father's death, she married Dónal an Chogaidh Ó Flaithbheartaigh, which added to her wealth and influence. She owned a significant number of cows and horses.

In 1593, when English soldiers captured her sons and half-brother, Gráinne sailed to England to seek Queen Elizabeth I's help in getting them released.

Gráinne's life story mostly comes from English sources, as she isn't mentioned much in Irish records. However, in Irish folklore, she's known as Gráinne Mhaol or Gráinne Ní Mháille, and is celebrated as a significant figure in Irish history.

During Gráinne's lifetime, Ireland was undergoing significant changes due to increase in English control.

Gráinne's legacy is told through songs, stories, plays, and landmarks inspired by her life. Today, she's considered to be a symbol of female empowerment and strength; fighting for her and her people's freedom, and challenging authority.

## References
Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun

"**Set the Controls for the Heart**" is a 1968 song by Pink Floyd. It was written by Roger Waters and is the third track from their second studio album *A Saucerful of Secrets*. It was also used on their live album *Ummagumma*. It was meant to be released as a single but it was vetoed by the band.

## References
Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria)

**Ansar al-Tawhid** (Supporters of Monotheism) are a militant group in the Syrian civil war. The group is mostly made up of former Jund al-Aqsa members and the group was allied with Al-Qaeda until May 2020. The group shows sympathy to HTS and Daesh with some of their members being former members of Daesh.

## References
He Would Be Sixteen

"**He Would Be Sixteen**" is a 1992 song by country singer Michelle Wright and is the third single from her third studio album *Now and Then*. It went to number 31 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts and number 3 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks. It was nominated for a Juno Award in 1994.

## References
Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet

.

## Origins 
Origins of the Super Hornets were to replace the United States Navy’s aging F-14 Fleet, The F-14’s were getting old and the Classic Hornets were made to replace earlier models of the F-14. 

### Testing and Production 
The testing and production went well for Boeing, the F/A-18’s were slowly phasing out the older F-14B’s, and from 2006 until the 2020’s the US Navy’s fleet was all Hornet variants until the F-35C Lightning II was introduced into the Navy.

## Other Users 
All users of the Super Hornets are;

United States - Operating 512 airframes of the Super Hornet and 155 Growlers, all for the United States Navy

Australia - Operating 24 F/A-18F Super Hornets based at No.1 Squadron - Royal Australian Air Force, and 12 E/A-18G Growlers based at No.6 Squadron - Royal Australian Airforce, all are being operated by the Royal Australian Air force, Based at RAAF Base Amberley

Kuwait - 28 F/A-18E/F Super Hornets on order, for the Kuwait Air Force

## Armament 
The Armament of the Super Hornets Includes;

* **Guns:** 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M61A2 Vulcan, 412 rounds
* **Hardpoints:** 11 (2× wingtips, 6× under-wing, and 3× under-fuselage) with a capacity of Max payload: 17,750 lb (8,050 kg). Carrier bringback payload: F/A-18E: 9,900 lb (4,491 kg), F/A-18F: 9,000 lb (4,082 kg), with provisions to carry combinations of:
** **Missiles:**
*** Air-to-air missiles
**** 4× AIM-7 Sparrow
**** 6× AIM-9 Sidewinder
**** 12× AIM-120 AMRAAM
**** 12× AIM-260 JATM (to be integrated)
*** Air-to-surface missiles
**** 6× AGM-65E/F Maverick
**** 4× AGM-84H/K SLAM-ER
**** 6× AGM-88 HARM
**** 4x AGM-158 JASSM
**** 4× AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW) - glide bomb
*** Anti-ship missiles
**** 4× AGM-84 Harpoon
**** 4× AGM-158C LRASM
**** Joint Strike Missile (JSM) (to be integrated)
** **Bombs:**
*** JDAM bombs (up to 10× GBU-32/35/38/54 or 4× GBU-31)
*** Paveway series of laser-guided bombs
*** Mk 80 series unguided bombs
*** CBU-78 Gator mine system[*citation needed*]
*** Mk 20 Rockeye II cluster bomb[*citation needed*]
*** Mk-62/63/65 Quick Strike Naval mine
** **Other:**
*** SUU-42A/A Flares/infrared decoy dispenser pod and chaff pod
*** AN/ALE-50 towed decoy system pod
*** AN/ASQ-228 ATFLIR or AN/AAQ-28(V) Litening targeting pods
*** up to 4× 480 US gal (1,800 L; 400 imp gal) drop tanks and 1× A/A42R-1 Aerial Refueling Store pod for aerial refueling.
*** 12× ADM-141C TALD decoys
*** AWW-13 Advanced data link pod

## Full Page 
Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
Right to Buy

The Housing Act 1980 gave tenants in the United Kingdom the Right to Buy their home at a large discount.  Gerald Kaufman, then in the Labour Party Shadow Cabinet and a former Environment Minister himself, said the Act would "not provide a single new home and [would] deprive many homeless people or families living in tower blocks from getting suitable accommodation".

More than 2 million homes had been bought by 2024.  Very few homes to rent had been built to replace them. 

## References
Gabe Serbian

**Gabriel Serbian**  was an American drummer, guitarist and vocalist. He became famous for his work in The Locust, Cattle Decapitation, Holy Molar and Zu. He was also a member of Head Wound City, a hardcore/punk rock supergroup.

Serbian died on April 30, 2022, the day before his 45th birthday.

## References
Digital Counters

A **digital counter** is an electronic device that keeps track of how many times something happens. It is a special counting tool that works with electrical signals instead of fingers or beads.

Imagine a machine that fills bottles with juice. A digital counter could be used to count the number of bottles filled. Each time a bottle is filled, the counter would increase by one. 

## How it Works 
* Built from building blocks called flip-flops (electronic switches that can be in an on or off state).
* Uses a clock signal (like a regular pulse) to keep track of counting.
* Each pulse received by the counter increases the count by one (counting up).
* Some counters can also be designed to count down.

## Types of Counters 
The two main types are synchronous and asynchronous.
* Synchronous counters are more precise and faster.
* Asynchronous counters are simpler but can be less accurate at high speeds.

## Uses of Digital Counters 
* Digital counters are used in many electronic devices, such as:
    * Computers (keeping track of instructions)
    * TVs (changing channels)
    * Washing machines (setting timers)
    * Cars (measuring speed)

In short, digital counters are a fundamental part of many electronic devices, helping them keep track of events and processes.
Climate of Belgium

Belgium is a small country located in Europe, it has a mostly continental climate, especially in the Belgian Ardennes. However the Belgian coast experiences an oceanic climate.

## Weather records
The highest temperature ever recorded in Belgium was  on 25 July 2019 in Begijnendijk. 

The lowest temperature ever recorded in Belgium was  on 20 January 1940 in Rochefort. 

The highest 24-hour precipitation sum recorded in Belgium was 179 millimeters on 14 July 2021 in Stavelot.

The highest wind gust ever recorded in Belgium was  on 25 January 1990 in Beauvechain. 

## Highest temperatures measured in Belgium
## Lowest temperatures measured in Belgium
## References
Ellimmichthyiformes

* fossil]]
**Ellimmichthyiformes** is an extinct order of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Lower Cretaceous to the Oligocene. It is related to the order Clupeiformes. They are also known as **double-armored herrings**.

This lineage was ultimately demolished by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The last genus, *Guiclupea*, was a freshwater fish. It was also the youngest of them all.

## Description 
The ellimmichthyiforms were small and most genera did not exceed 10 cm. One of the most famous and well-known genera was *Diplomystus*. Some of the representatives had strange shapes. For example, *Rhombichthys* had a deep body.

## Families and genera 
* Suborder †**Armigatoidei**
** Family †Armigatidae
*** Genus †*Armigatus*
*** Genus †*Diplomystus*
*** Genus †*Guiclupea*
*** Genus †*Horseshoeichthys*
* Suborder †**Ellimmichthyoidei**
** Family †Paraclupeidae
*** Genus †*Caboellimma*
*** Genus †*Codoichthys*
*** Genus †*Ellimma*
*** Genus †*Ellimmichthys*
*** Genus †*Eoellimmichthys*
*** Genus †*Foreyclupea*
*** Genus †*Ezkutuberezi*
*** Genus †*Kwangoclupea*
*** Genus †*Paraclupea*
*** Genus †*Ranulfoichthys*
*** Genus †*Rhombichthys*
*** Genus †*Scutatoclupea*
*** Genus †*Scutatuspinosus*
*** Genus †*Thorectichthys*
*** Genus †*Tunisiaclupea*
*** Genus †*Tycheroichthys*
* Suborder †**Sorbinichthyoidei**
** Family †Sorbinichthyidae
*** Genus †*Sorbinichthys*
** Family †Gasteroclupeidae
*** Genus †*Gasteroclupea*

## Notable genera 
### *Diplomystus* 
*]]
*Diplomystus* is possibly the most famous genus of the Ellimmichthyiformes. It was a freshwater fish. It had seven species.

### *Rhombichthys* 
*Rhombichthys* was a bizarre-looking fish. It had a very deep body because of its high dorsal fin.

### *Armigatus* 
*Armigatus* lived during the Cretaceous. It means "bearer of armor". It did not exceed 10 cm in length.

### *Gasteroclupea* 
*Gasteroclupea* resembled a fish of the genus *Pristigaster*. This was mainly due to convergent evolution, so it is not related to *Pristigaster*.

## Image gallery 
*]]
*]]
*]]
*]]

## Related pages 
* Australosomus
* Scombriformes
* Acanthopleurus
* Helicoprion
* Cretalamna
* Onchopristis
* Sclerorhynchoidei
* Pachycormiformes

## References 
# Márcia Aparecida dos Reis Polck, Valéria Gallo, Francisco J. de Figuieredo, Samuel Magalhães Viana, Viviane Sampaio Santiago dos Santos, João Villar de Queiroz Neto, Ricardo Jorge Jahnert (March 2020). "†*Ellimma longipectoralis* sp. nov. (Teleostei: Clupeomorpha: †Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Aptian of the Santos Basin, southeastern Brazil". *ScienceDirect*.
Orange Polska

**Orange Polska** (formerly **Telekomunikacja Polska**) is a Polish telecommunications provider established in December 1991. It is a public company traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, with a controlling stake owned by Orange S.A., which controls over 50%. It operates public telephones, ISDN, GSM 900/1800 network (+ 3G , 4G  and 5G ), ADSL, IDSL, fibre Internet,  ATM and Inmarsat.

## History 
Telekomunikacja Polska was started in December 1991 as a joint stock company under the control of the State Treasury, following the split-up of the communist era state-owned Polska Poczta, Telegraf i Telefon. On 1 January 1992, the company began operations under the name of 'TP SA'. The company changed its ownership structure in 1998 and began trading on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2000. In the same year, the Treasury sold a 35% stake in TPSA to a consortium of France Télécom and Kulczyk Holding, with the consortium increasing its stake by a further 12.5% in 2001.
 160]]
On 21 December 2007, TP SA was fined PLN 75 million (approximately EUR 20.7 million) by the  for discriminating against its competitors on the internet services market.

It was fully  privatised in May 2010.

## References
Free area of the Republic of China

" of the Republic of China]]
The **Free Area of the Republic of China** or simply **Taiwan Area** is the term used to refer to territories that are not under the control of the People's Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949.

## Related pages 
* Taiwan
* Taiwan Province
Sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury

**A Sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury** is a company established in Poland.  These companies were set up to commercialize the state-owned businesses after the end of communism in Poland.

The assets of the state-owned enterprise became the assets of the company, and the sum of the company's share capital and supplementary capital is equal to the funds of the state-owned enterprise. Employees of a commercialized enterprise became, by law, employees of the company. Employees of an enterprise transformed into a joint-stock company had the right to acquire 15% of shares owned by the State Treasury free of charge. The same privilege applies to suppliers of raw materials to the company.

A significant number of state-owned companies inherited from the Polish People's Republic are criticized as unprofitable and encouraging nepotism  and the extortion of public money .

In 2012, there were 223 companies in which the rights from shares were exercised by the Minister of the Treasury.

## References
Buzz (mascot)

**Buzz** is the current mascot of the Georgia Institute of Technology. 

He is portrayed as a Yellow Jacket with yellow-and-black stripes, wearing white gloves, and converse shoes.
Shotgun (George Ezra song)

"**Shotgun**" is a 2018 song by George Ezra and is the third single from his second studio album ''Staying at Tamara's''. It topped the single charts in Australia, Belgium, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. It went to number 2 in Denmark, number 3 in Israel and the Netherlands, number 4 in Austria and Switzerland and number 12 in Germany.

## References
Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)

The **Democratic Left Alliance** was a social-democratic political party in Poland. It was formed on 9 July 1991 as an electoral alliance of centre-left parties. It became a single party on 15 April 1999. It was the major coalition party in Poland between 1993 and 1997, and between 2001 and 2005, with four Prime ministers coming from the party: Józef Oleksy, Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Leszek Miller and Marek Belka. It then faded into opposition, overshadowed by the rise of Civic Platform and Law and Justice.

In February 2020, the party initiated a process to absorb the Spring party, choosing the name New Left (), and changing to a more modern logo.

The party was a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance.

## References
List of countries by income equality

This is a list of countries sorted by income inequality metrics, such as Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1. If the number was 0, everyone in the country would be equal. If the number was 1, a country would be unequal, with one person having all the income. No country has a score of 0 or 1.

## OECD countries
### Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers
Source:

### Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers
Source:

## Related pages
*Gini coefficient

## References
Leptomantis cyanopunctatus

The **blue-spotted bush frog**  or **blue-spotted tree frog** (*Leptomantis cyanopunctatus*) is a frog.  It lives in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Singapore. Scientists think it could also live in Brunei.  People have seen it between 0 and 600 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog in forests that have never been cut down and in forests that have been cut down and grown back. The forests grow in swamps, on flat ground, and up hills. Male frogs sit on plants 2.5 meters above the ground near streams and call for the females. Scientists believe that the female frog lays eggs in streams.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. The frog may be in some danger because human beings cut down the forests where it lives. Some of the places the frog lives are protected parks.

Sometimes people catch this frog for medical research.

## References
Islamic University of Gaza

. ]]

The **Islamic University of Gaza** (), also known as **IUG** and **IU Gaza**, is an independent Palestinian university. It was founded in 1978 in Gaza City. It was the first university to be founded in the Gaza Strip. It also has 20 research centers and the affiliated Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital.

The Islamic University of Gaza is a member of twelve regional and international associations and networks of higher education. These include the International Association of Universities (IAU), Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED), Association of Arab Universities (AAU), Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World (FUIW), Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Academic Network (BSEMAN), and the Global University Network for Innovation-GUNi.

The Islamic University was damaged in airstrikes during the 2008–2009 Gaza war, the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, and the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. In December 2023, Professor Sufyan Tayeh, the University's president, was killed in an Israeli airstrike on Jabalia refugee camp. His family also died in the airstrike.

## References
Abortion in France

**Abortion in France** is  when asked for until 14 weeks after conception, which is 16 weeks after the pregnant woman's last menstrual period). Abortions at later stages of pregnancy up until birth are allowed if two physicians agree that the abortion will be done to prevent harm to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman or a risk to the life of the pregnant woman, or that the child will have a very bad illness that has no cure.

## 21st century changes
Several reforms happened in the 21st century, making access to abortion easier. The ten-week limit was  to fourteen weeks in 2022.

After the United States Supreme Court's ruling in ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization'', Mathilde Panot, French MP and President of the La France insoumise parliamentary group, submitted a bill to the French National Assembly. It was made to protect the right to a safe abortion for women in the French Constitution. It passed on a 337–32 vote on 24 November 2023. In January 2024, the National Assembly voted in favor of the constitutional amendment 433-30. For the amendment to be added to the constitution, it then passed through the Senate by a 267-50 vote in February.

On 4 March 2024, Parliament amended Article 34 in a 780 to 72 vote. This amendment made France, as of when the amendment passed, the only nation to guarantee the right to an abortion in the constitution. The amendment describes abortion as a "guaranteed freedom".

## References
Council of Ministers (Poland)

The **Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland**  is the collective executive decision-making body of the Polish government. The cabinet is the Prime Minister, also known as the President of the Council of Ministers,  the Deputy Prime Minister, who acts as a vice-chairman of the council, and other ministers. The current powers and procedures of the cabinet are in Articles 146 to 162 of the constitution. 

See also  Ministries of Poland

## References
Polish People's Army

The '''Polish People's Army''' was the second formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the East in 1943–1945, and in 1945–1989 the armed forces of the Polish communist state, the Polish People's Republic.  It was under the command of the Polish Workers' Party and then the Polish United Workers' Party. The communist-led Polish armed forces, allowed by Joseph Stalin, were the result of efforts made in the early 1940s in the Soviet Union by Wanda Wasilewska and Zygmunt Berling.

During World War II, two armies of the Polish Army were formed, which included 10 infantry divisions, 5 armored brigades, a cavalry brigade, 2 sappers' brigades, 3 divisions and several artillery brigades and smaller units, as well as 4 aviation divisions. At the end of 1944, there were about 180,000. people.

After the war the Polish Army was reorganized into six (later seven) military districts. These were the Warsaw Military District, the Lublin Military District,  the Kraków Military District, the Łódź Military District, the Poznań Military District,  the Pomeranian Military District, HQ in Toruń, and the Silesian Military District, HQ in Katowice.

On 7 October 1950, the anniversary of the Battle of Lenino was declared the official "Day of the Polish People's Army" by the authorities of the People's Republic.

In 1955, Poland joined the Warsaw Pact military alliance , which was created in response to the inclusion of the Federal Republic of Germany in the NATO alliance. The agreement was signed on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw.

## References
Lauryn Bosstick

**Lauryn Bosstick**, born on May 21, 1986, in San Diego, California, is an American entrepreneur.

## Early Life and Education 
Lauryn grew up with her father, Brad Evarts, a restaurateur, and lost her mother, Wendy Evarts, at a young age. Lauryn attended San Diego State University, majoring in TV Broadcasting, and started The Skinny Confidential podcast as a free online sorority for women.

## Career 
Lauryn's career took off with The Skinny Confidential podcast in 2011, focusing on health, fitness, and later expanding to beauty and wellness. In 2017, she and her husband, Michael Bosstick, started The Skinny Confidential HIM & HER podcast, featuring notable guests. Lauryn also co-founded the blog design company Blog-Doo. In 2021, she ventured into the beauty industry, launching The Skinny Confidential beauty brand with successful products like THE HOT MESS ICE ROLLER.

## Personal Life 
Lauryn is married to Michael Bosstick, and they have a daughter, Zaza Princeton Bosstick. The family resides in Austin, Texas, along with their two chihuahuas, T. Boone Pickens and Slim Pickens.

## Charitable Endeavors 
Passionate about mental health, Lauryn supports charities focused on mental well-being and advocates for rescuing dogs.

## References
Government of Poland

The **Government of Poland** is a  parliamentary representative democratic republic. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. It has been called semi-presidential.

It is a multi-party system, where the president and the Government, which consists of the Council of Ministers is led by the prime minister. Its members are mostly chosen from the majority party or coalition, in the *Sejm*. The government is formally announced by the president after an election, and must pass a motion of confidence in the *Sejm* within two weeks.

Legislative power is in the two chambers of parliament, *Sejm* and Senate. Members of Sejm are elected by proportional representation. Non-ethnic-minority parties must gain at least 5% of the national vote to enter the lower house. Currently five parties are represented. Parliamentary elections are at least every four years.

The president, as the head of state, is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces. They have the power to veto legislation passed by parliament, which may be overridden by a majority of three fifths. They can dissolve the parliament under certain conditions. Presidential elections are every five years. When a majority of voters support the same candidate, that candidate is declared the winner, while when there is no majority, the top two candidates participate in a runoff election.

The political system is defined in the Polish Constitution, which also guarantees a wide range of individual freedoms. The judicial branch plays a minor role in politics, apart from the Constitutional Tribunal, which can annul laws that violate the freedoms guaranteed in the constitution.

## References
Schwende-Rüte

**Schwende-Rüte** is a district in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland. It was created on 1 May 2022 from the former districts of Rüte and Schwende.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Bernhardsthal

**Bernhardsthal** is a municipality in Mistelbach in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. The Lake Bernhardsthal is in the municipality.

The municipality has three villages (population):
* Bernhardsthal (819)
* Katzelsdorf (370)
* Reintal (410)

## Population 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Musquiqui Chihying

**Musquiqui Chihying** (born 1985 in Taipei) is a Taiwanese visual artist and experimental filmmaker who resides in Taipei and Berlin. He often employs media such as sound, music, and moving images to construct a narrative vocabulary, offering alternative perspectives on the interconnectedness of human condition and ecological environments. 

## Work 
Chihying film works have been screened at various film festival, including Rotterdam Film Festival in the Netherlands, Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival, and many more. He is a member of the Taiwanese art group Fuxinghen Studio and leads the Research Lab of Image and Sound (RLIS), focusing on media technology and image politics research. Chihying has also developed the special historical circumstances of ethic and technological exchange between the African, Asian, and Afrasian Sea.

### International art institutions 
## Movies 
## Awards 
In 2019, he received the LOOP Video Art Award from the Han Nefkens Foundation and the Joan Miró Foundation in Spain. In 2023, he was awarded the Tung Chung Prize by the Hong Foundation in Taiwan. He was also nominated for the Berlin Art Prize in Germany.

## References
European Green Party

The **European Green Party**, also referred to as **European Greens**, is the European political party that represents national parties from across Europe who share Green values. The European Greens work closely with the Greens–European Free Alliance  parliamentary group in the European parliament which is formed by elected Green party members along with the European Free Alliance, European Pirate Party and Volt Europa. The European Greens' partners include its youth wing the Federation of Young European Greens, the Green European Foundation and the Global Greens.
## References
Aspic

**Aspic** or **meat jelly** () is a savory gelatin made with a meat stock or broth, set in a mold to cover other ingredients. These often include pieces of meat, seafood, vegetable, or eggs. Aspic is also sometimes referred to as *aspic gelée* or *aspic jelly*. In its simplest form, aspic is essentially a gelatinous version of conventional soup.
## References
Francisco García Salinas

Francisco García Salinas (*b.* 1786; *d.*1841), Mexican cabinet minister and governor of the state of Zacatecas. García was born on a hacienda in the state of Zacatecas.
Wide Boy (song)

"**Wide Boy**" is a 1985 song by English singer-songwriter Nik Kershaw and is the second single from his second studio album *The Riddle*. It went to number 9 in the United Kingdom, number 5 in Ireland, number 21 in New Zealand, number 27 in South Africa and number 7 in Australia.

## Track listings
**7" single (WEA NIK 7)**
A. "Wide Boy" (Remix) – 3:19
B. "So Quiet" – 3:12

**12" single (WEA NIKT 7)**
A. "Wide Boy" (Extended Mix) – 5:07	
B1. "Shame on You" (Remix) – 3:39	
B2. "So Quiet" – 3:07

## References
Polish United Workers' Party

The '''Polish United Workers' Party**, (**PZPR)''', was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989.  It was based on the theories of Marxism-Leninism, with a strong emphasis on left-wing nationalism. It had total control over public institutions in the country as well as the Polish People's Army, the Ministry of Public Security, the Citizens' Militia police force and the media.

The falsified 1947 Polish legislative election granted the Communist Polish Workers' Party complete political authority in post-war Poland. The PZPR was founded  in December 1948 by joining it to the Polish Socialist Party. From 1952 onward, the position of "First Secretary" of the Polish United Workers' Party was really Poland's head of state. Throughout its existence it was very close to ideologically-similar parties of the Eastern Bloc, like the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Between 1948 and 1954, nearly 1.5 million people were Polish United Workers' Party members, and membership rose to 3 million by 1980.

The party's main aim was to impose socialist agenda into Polish society. The communist government sought to improve the living standards of the proletariat, make education and healthcare available to all, establish a centralized planned economy, nationalize all institutions and provide internal or external security with  a strong armed force. Some ideas imported from abroad, such as large-scale collective farming and secularization, failed in their early stages. The PZPR was more liberal and pro-Western than its counterparts in East Germany or the Soviet Union, and was more averse to radical politics. Although propaganda was used in major media outlets like *Trybuna Ludu* () and televised *Dziennik* ('Journal'), censorship stopped working by the mid-1980s and was gradually abolished. The Polish United Worker's Party was responsible for the brutal pacification of civil resistance and protesters in the Poznań protests of 1956, the 1970 Polish protests and throughout martial law between 1981 and 1983. It started a bitter anti-Semitic campaign during the 1968 Polish political crisis, which forced most of the last of Poland's Jews to emigrate.

In 1980 the Solidarity movement emerged as a major anti-bureaucratic social movement that pursued social change. With communist rule being relaxed in neighbouring countries, the PZPR  lost support and was forced to negotiate with the opposition and adhere to the Polish Round Table Agreement, which permitted free democratic elections. The elections on 4 June 1989 proved victorious for Solidarity, bringing 40-year communist rule in Poland to an end. The Polish United Workers' Party was dissolved in January 1990.

## References
Enola Gay (song)

"**Enola Gay**" is a 1980 song by British band Orchestal Manoeuvres in the Dark and was the only single from their second studio album *Organisation*. It went to number 8 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in Spain, Portugal and Italy, number 14 in Ireland, number 31 in New Zealand, number 6 in France and number 47 in Australia.

## Track listing
### 1980 original release
The 12" single contained the same tracks as on the 7".

### 2003 remix 12"
### 2020 re-release 12"
## References
Fedayeen

**Fedayeen** is a Arabic word that used by members of militant groups who are willing to martyr themselves for a goal. The word literally means "those who sacrifice themselves" but is more commonly translated as "self-sacrificers".

## References
Mustafa IV

**Mustafa IV** (; ; 8 September 1779 – 16 November 1808) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1807 to 1808.
Finnmarksløpet 2024

s (with a person), in another country]]
**Finnmarksløpet 2024** are three dog sled races in Norway's northernmost county. They started in Alta, Finnmark in March 2024. All the races have winners.

## *FL1200*
*FL1200* is Europe's longest sled dog race; It started on March 8, 2024. Teams started with 14 sled dogs.

Checkpoints and other places in the race,
*The 12. checkpoint was Jotka (map). The first team (Petter Karlsson's) started on the last leg of the race at 6 PM, March 15; The team went on with only 8 (of the team's 14) dogs; The team went on the Alta River and passed Sorrisniva (settlement) in Alta municipality (at 9 PM). The team won the race.

*The 11. checkpoint was in Karasjok (village). The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at 7 AM, March 15; The team went on with only 9 (of the team's 14) dogs.

*The tenth checkpoint was *Levajok 2* (map) on the western shore of Tana River (Europe). The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at 7 PM, March 14.  

*The ninth checkpoint was Varangerbotn (map) in Nesseby municipality. The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at 11 PM, March 13.

*The eighth checkpoint* was Neiden 2*

*The seventh checkpoint was Kirkenes (map) in Sør-Varanger municipality. The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at 1 AM, March 13; The team went on with only 12 (of the team's 14) dogs. in Sør-Varanger municipality. At 1 PM, March 12, the first team left.
*The fourth checkpoint is at Tana bru(map), Tana; The first to move on from that checkpoint was Tom-Frode Johansen; He drove thru, 
*Karasjok (village); The first team drove thru at 8 PM on March 9. The first to move on from that checkpoint was Tom-Frode Johansen;
*100 km from *Tana bru* (or Deanušaldi) to Levajok

## *FL600* and *FL-junior*
**FL600*; Some teams left the  Jotka (map) checkpoint, to go to Alta (March 12).

Other checkpoints are 
*Kárášjohka/Karasjok
*Leavvajohka/Levajok. The winner was decided the next day (and in the afternoon). The winner is Elisabeth Kristensen.

## Related pages
*Iditarod
## Sources
We Work the Black Seam

"**We Work the Black Seam**" is a 1986 song by Sting and is the sixth single from his debut studio album *The Dream of the Blue Turtles*. It was released as a single in Germany, New Zealand and Australia. The song expresses about the miners strike in the United Kingdom in 1984 and 1985.

## References