open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Walloon Brabant

**Walloon Brabant**  (, , , , ) is one of the five provinces of Wallonia in the country of Belgium.

## History
*Walloon* in *Walloon Brabant* means that it is in the Wallon part of the former province of Brabant of Belgium. *Brabant* was an old region, the Duchy of Brabant. The word *Brabant* appears for the first time in the seventh century when the abbey of Nivelles was founded in the *pagus Bracbatensis* (*pagus* is a Latin word meaning a very small town, with only few houses).

Walloon Brabant is the youngest and the smallest province of Belgium. The province was created in 1995 when the former province of Brabant was split along the language border in three parts: a Flemish part (Flemish Brabant), a Wallon part (Walloon Brabant) and the Brussels Capital Region, which no longer belongs to any province.

## Geography
The total area of the province is  with a population of about 410,000 in 2022.

The province is very flat and the highest point is in Genappe, with an altitude of  above sea level.

Also the geographical centre of Belgium is in the province, in the municipality of Walhain.

The province has an elongated shape and measures from east to west about  and about  from north to south.

The capital is Wavre; it is much more centrally located than the old capital, Nivelles.

## Administrative division
The province of Walloon Brabant has only one *arrondissement* that is divided in 27 municipalities.

## Population by arrondissement
Population x 1,000 (on 1 January since 1980).

The province of Walloon Brabant did not exist before 1995.

## References
## Other websites 
* The province's official site
Scheme (programming language)

**Scheme** is a programming language. It is one of the two dialects of LISP in widespread use today. The other dialect of LISP widely used is Common lisp. Scheme is often used as a teaching tool; to teach computer science students functional programming.
Propædia

The ***Propædia*** is the first of three parts of the Encyclopædia Britannica, the other two being the 12-volume *Micropædia* and the 17-volume *Macropædia*. The *Propædia* is supposed to be a book that organizes the things in the Britannica, and a guideline to the index of the  other two parts. It was introduced in 1974 with the 15th edition of the encyclopaedia to replace the index, but when many people complained, Britannica put the index back in two books in 1985. The core of the *Propædia* is its **Outline of Knowledge**, which is supposed to give people a classification of what we know, but the *Propædia* also has some parts listing the staff members, advisors and contributors to all three parts of the *Britannica*.

The Propædia can be used by a student who wants to know what there is to know, before even finding out about it.  Once the student finds out what he needs to know, he will then find out about the thing itself.

The *Outline* has ten Parts, each with an essay to introduce the part. Below is the table of the ten parts.

## Contributors to Propædia 
## Related pages
* Encyclopædia Britannica
* Micropædia, Macropædia

## References
Ōkami

is an action-adventure video game made by Clover Studio and published by Capcom for the PlayStation 2 and Wii. It is about an ancient Shinto sun Goddess named Amaterasu in a form of a white wolf. It uses cel-shaded 3D visuals.

A HD version of the game was made for PlayStation 3.

## References
Macropædia

The 17-book ***Macropædia*** is the third part of the *Encyclopædia Britannica*, and the other two parts are the 12-book *Micropædia* and the 1-book *Propædia*. The name comes from the word "macro" and "encyclopaedia". Macro means big, and so, the Macropædia is a big encyclopaedia. The Macropaedia has articles that are very detailed, but one article is usually about a very large topic. It is the opposite of the Micropædia, which has articles that are short. 

The *Macropædia* was introduced in the 15th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica in 1974 with 19 book having 4,207 articles. In 1985, these articles were combined and made smaller into 17 books with about 700 articles, which can be as short as 2 pages, and as long as 310 pages. The longest article, on the United States, was from the combining of the 50 articles on each state. 

Since it was created, it has not stayed the same. New articles are always being added, older articles can be split, shortened, merged, or even deleted.
Micropædia

The 12-book ***Micropædia*** is one of the three parts of the 15th edition of *Encyclopædia Britannica*, and the other two being the one-book *Propædia* and the 17-book *Macropædia*. The name comes from the word "micro" and "encyclopaedia". Micro means small and so, the Micropaedia is a small encyclopedia. The Micropaedia has articles that are very short, the articles are found in small strips. It is the opposite of the Macropaedia, which has articles that are very long.

The *Micropædia* was introduced in 1974 with 10 books having 102,214 short articles, all of them are less than 750 words. In the 15th edition, many articles were put together, with about only 65,000 articles in 12 volumes. In general, the 750-word limit is still used and most articles are only 1-2 paragraphs; however, a few longer articles can be found in the 2007 *Micropædia*, such as the Internet ones, which takes up a full page.

With some exceptions, the 65,000 articles of the *Micropædia* have no bibliographies and no named contributors. It is supposed to be for fast-checking to find out the main things about the topic, and as a guide to the 700 longer articles of the *Macropædia*. People use it to know just a little, but the Macropaedia is used to know in detail.
The Courier-Mail

***The Courier-Mail*** is a newspaper made by an Australian company called News Limited. *The Courier-Mail* is published during the week in Brisbane. The first issue was published 1933.

## Other websites
**The Courier-Mail* homepage
Mantle (vesture)

Gavriil wearing an episcopal mandyas (Alexey Andropov, 1774, State Russian Museum, Saint Petersburg).]]

A **mantle** (, ***mandyas***; , ***mantiya***) is an ecclesiastical garment in the form  of a very full cape which extends to the floor, joined at the neck, that is worn over the outer garments.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic churches, the mantle  is a monastic garment worn by bishops, hegumens, archimandrites, and other monastics in processions and while attending various church services, such as Vespers or Matins; but not when dressed to celebrate the Divine Liturgy. Unlike the Western cope, the mantle is worn only by monastics. The klobuk is worn over the mantle.
Raúl Castro

**Raúl Modesto Castro Ruz** (born June 3, 1931) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 2011 to 2021 and former head of state of Cuba. He was also Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) from 1965 to 2011, Commander in Chief (Maximum General) of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy, and Air Force) and is the younger brother of Fidel Castro.

On February 24, 2013, Castro announced that his second term would be his final term and that he would not seek re-election in 2018. He officially stepped down on 19 April 2018.

Between 2014 and 2016, Castro would work with President Barack Obama on improving diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba. As a result, the U.S. embargo on Cuba would be lifted and travel/trade restrictions would be lifted as well.

Castro announced at the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, which began on the 16 April, 2021, that he was stepping down as leader of the Communist Party of Cuba.

## References 
## Other websites
Beneath a Steel Sky

***Beneath a Steel Sky*** is a British point and click adventure computer game made by Revolution Software and published by Virgin Interactive for DOS, the Amiga, and the Amiga CD32. The first version became freeware in 2003. An updated version was released for iOS in 2009.
Fritz Wunderlich

**Fritz Wunderlich** (born Kusel, Rhineland-Palatinate, 26 September 1930; died Heidelberg,  17 September 1966) was a German tenor.  He was one of the great singers of his time, famous both as an opera singer and as a recitalist singing Lieder.

Wunderlich came from a musical family.  His mother was a violinist and his father was a choir-master. The family did not find it easy to make a living, especially after Fritz's father committed suicide when Fritz was five years old.  As a young man Wunderlich worked in a bakery.  People heard him singing while he worked, and he was persuaded to study music.  He got a scholarship to study at the Freiburg College of Music where he studied French horn and singing.

Wunderlich soon became known as a brilliant young tenor.  He sang several roles in Mozart's operas, and gradually learned roles in many other operas, including Verdi's *Rigoletto* and *Don Carlo*.  There is an excellent recording of Mozart's *Magic Flute* in which Wunderlich sings the part of the Prince Tamino and the famous baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau sings the part of Papageno, the birdcatcher.

Wunderlich had a lovely, clear voice which was excellent for German Lieder.  He sang the great songs of Schubert and Schumann, especially Schumann's *Dichterliebe* song cycle.

Wunderlich was becoming world famous when he died from an accident: he fell down the stairs of a friend's hunting house and died just before his 36th birthday.

## Other website 
*Website of the Fritz Wunderlich Gesellschaft
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

**Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie** (born September 15, 1977) is an award-winning Nigerian writer. She comes from Abba in Anambra State, southeast Nigeria.  Her book Half of a Yellow Sun won the 2007 Orange Prize for fiction (later named Women's Prize for Fiction).

Adichie was born in Enugu into an Igbo family. She married Ivara Alistair Esege, a Nigerian doctor. 

## Sampling on a Beyoncé song 
In December 2013 Beyoncé released her fifth album *BEYONCÉ*. The eleventh song on the album "Flawless" has a sample from Adichie's TED Talk "Why We Should All Be Feminists". Adichie's sample on the album caused her novel *Americanah* go up around 600 places in the Amazon chart.

## References
Half of a Yellow Sun

***Half of a Yellow Sun*** is a book that was written by Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie in 2006, and was published by Knopf/Anchor.  The book tells the story of two sisters Olanna and Kainene during the Biafran War.

## Awards
*Half of a Yellow Sun* won the 2007 Orange Prize for Fiction in the women-only section. *Purple Hibiscus*, her first novel, made the Orange Prize shortlist in 2004, and because of the success of *Half a Yellow Sun*, critics have said that Adichie may have even more success in the future. as well as winning the Orange Prize. In a review for *The Seattle Times*, Mary Brennan talks about the book as "A sweeping story that provides both a harrowing history lesson and an engagingly human narrative". ''The Guardian's* Kate Kellaway said "An immense achievement, *Half of a Yellow Sun* has a ramshackle freedom and exuberant ambition," after reading the book. *The New York Times* did a review of the book, saying some good and some bad things about the book.  The war began because of political struggles caused by the numerous attempts to secede from the southeastern provinces of Nigeria and create the Republic of Biafra.  Political conflict between the Igbo’s, Yoruba’s, and the Hausa-Fulani ended up with two military coups.  The Igbo tried to leave Nigeria to become the Republic of Biafra, but did not have very much support.  From 1968 onward, the war was mostly a tie, with Nigerian forces unable to get an advantage over the Republic of Biafra. Many people died in the war, and even today there is still anger between the different ethnic and religious groups of Nigeria.

The story in *Half of a Yellow Sun'' is centered around the war. The author has stated that many of the issues that caused the war remain today.  She also said that the war is very talked about "in uninformed and unimaginative ways," and that the war is as important to the people today as it was in her book. Because none of the major political events were changed in the book, Adichie said that the book had "emotional truth," and that the book showed the war had a large impact on the people of Nigeria.

## References
Shaman King

**Shaman King** is a Japanese anime and manga series by Hiroyuki Takei. The manga ended with thirty two volumes and the anime ended with sixty four episodes.

## Reception 
Japanese publisher Shueisha announced that it will be republished all volumes in Japan starting in March 2008. The manga condensed from its current run from 32 to 27 volumes. It was expected to publish two mangas per month.

## Main characters 
*Yoh Asakura
*Anna Kyoyama
*Manta Oyamada

## Supporting characters 
*Ryunosuke Umemiya
*Tao Ren
*Horohoro
*Faust VIII
*Lyserg Diethel
*Joco McDonnell
*Hao Asakura

### The Patch Tribe 
*Goldva
*Silva
*Kalim
*Nichrom
*Magna
*Radim
*Namari
*Bron
*Renim
*Talim
*Rutherford
*Chrom
*Zinc
*Lip & Rap 

### Hao's followers 
**Hoshi-gumi**
*Opacho
*Luchist Lasso
**Tsuchi-gumi**
*BoZ Brothers 
*Peyote Diaz 
**Tsuki-gumi**
*Hang Zang-Ching 
*Mohamed Tabarsi 
*"Big Guy" Bill Burton
**Hana-gumi**
*Canna Bismarck 
*Mathilda Mathis 
*Marion Fauna 

## Guardian Ghosts 
*Amidamaru
*Bason
*Kororo
*Tokagero
*Eliza
*Ponchi and Conchi 
*Matamune
*Pascal Avaf 
*Spirit of Fire 

## References
Işın Karaca

**Işın Karaca** (born in London, United Kingdom, on March 7, 1973) is a Turkish-Cypriot pop singer.

She has released four music albums. These are: *Anadilim Aşk*, *İçinde Aşk Var*, *Başka 33/3* and *Uyanış*. Her fourth album  means *Awakening* in English language. She also has been an actress for the film *Sen Ne Dilersen*.

## Other websites 
* Official web site of Işın Karaca 
* Işın Karaca
A Game of Thrones

***A Game of Thrones*** is the first of seven planned books in *A Song of Ice and Fire*, a fantasy series by American author George R. R. Martin. It was released on 6 August 1996. The book was put up for the 1998 Nebula Award and the 1997 World Fantasy Award, and won the 1997 Locus Award. The first season of the HBO TV series Game of Thrones is based on the book.

## Chapters 
The chapters are titled by the name of the person you will read about through their perspective. These are listed in no order and the Prologue is not included for it is not part of the main chapters: Eddard (Stark), Catelyn (Stark), Sansa (Stark), Arya (Stark), Bran (Stark), Jon (Snow), Tyrion (Lannister), Daenerys (Targaryen).

## Awards and nominations 
*Locus Award – Best Novel (Fantasy) (Won) – (1997)
*World Fantasy Award – Best Novel (Nominated) – (1997)
*Nebula Award – Best Novel (Nominated) – (1997)
*Ignotus Award – Best Novel (Foreign) (Won) – (2003)

## References
Namur Province

**Namur**  (, , , , ) is a province of Belgium on the border with France. It is one of the five provinces of Wallonia, the predominantly French-speaking southern region of Belgium.

## History
The origin of the province of Namur goes back to 1795, when the Austrian Netherlands and the Principality of Liège joint the French Republic; they were made part of the old department of Sambre-et-Meuse.

At the fall of the First French Empire, the department is dissolved and replaced by the Province of Namur, at the time of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The province of Namur was one of the province created by the Constitution of 24 August 1815 of the Kingdom.

When the United Kingdom of the Netherlands ended after the 1830 Belgian Revolution, the province of Namur became part of the new Kingdom of Belgium.

## Geography
Namur borders (clockwise from the West) on the Walloon provinces of Hainaut, Walloon Brabant, Liège and Luxembourg in Belgium, and on France.

The total area of the province is  with a population of about 499,000 in 2022. The highest point of the province is Croix-Scaille, with an altitude of  () above sea level.

Its capital is the city of Namur; other important cities are Dinant, Philippeville, Gembloux, Ciney and Andenne.

## Administrative division
The province of Namur is divided into 3 *arrondissements* and a total of 38 municipalities.

## Population by arrondissement
Population x 1,000 (on 1 January since 1980).

## References
## Other websites
* The province's official site
* Fédération du tourisme de la Province de Namur
Country (disambiguation)

A **country** is a political division of a geographical region.

**Country** could also mean:

* Country music, a genre of music
* Countryside, a rural settled place outside towns and cities
* Country (movie), a 1984 movie starring Jessica Lange and Sam Shepard
* COUNTRY Insurance & Financial Services, a group of U.S. insurance and financial services companies based in Bloomington, Illinois
Zojila La

**Zoji La** () is a high mountain pass  in India. This pass is  above sea level, at 74.50 longitude and 34.17 latitude. The pass connects a valley of Kashmir with Ladakh. Different trade routes lad to Tibet, China and Central Asia. Renchen Shah of Leh entered Kashmir through this pass and became the monarch of the land in the 14th century. Mirza Haider Doughlat also advanced through this pass to invade Kashmir. The old historical name of the pass was *Shurji La* meaning lord Shiva's mountain.
Parker Brothers

**Parker Brothers** is a toy and game manufacturer and brand. Over almost 115 years, the company has created more than 1800 games; some of them are *Monopoly*, *Cluedo* (known as *Clue* in North America), *Risk*, Trivial Pursuit, Ouija, Aggravation and Probe.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Game Makers, a book by Philip Orbanes, chronicles the history of Parker Brothers.
* Parker Brothers  on the History Channel
* The story of Parker's early games
Debian Free Software Guidelines

The **Debian Free Software Guidelines** (**DFSG**) is a set of guidelines (rules) that the Debian Project uses to decide whether a software license is a free software license, which is used to decide whether a piece of software can be included in Debian. The DFSG is part of the Debian Social Contract.

## The guidelines
# Free redistribution.
# Inclusion of source code.
# Allowing for modifications and derived works.
# Integrity of the author's source code
# No discrimination against persons or groups.
# No discrimination against fields of endeavor, like commercial use.
# The license needs to apply to all to whom the program is redistributed.
# License must not be specific to Debian.
# License must not contaminate other software.
# The GPL, BSD, and Artistic licenses are examples of licenses thought of as free.

## History
The DFSG was first published together with the first version of the Debian Social Contract in July 1997. The primary authors were Bruce Perens and several other Debian developers at the time.

## Application 
### Software 
Most discussions about the DFSG happen on the *debian-legal* mailing list. When a Debian Developer first uploads a package to be included in Debian, the *ftpmaster* team checks the software licenses and decides whether they follow the DFSG's rules. The team sometimes discusses with the debian-legal list in difficult cases.

### Non-software content 
The DFSG is focused on software, but in June 2004 the Debian project decided to use the same rules on software documentation, multimedia data and other content. The non-software content of Debian began to follow the DFSG more strictly in Debian 4.0 (released in April 2007) and following releases.

### GFDL 
Much documentation written by the GNU Project, the Linux Documentation Project and others licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License contain invariant sections, which do not comply with the DFSG. This assertion is the end result of a long discussion and the General Resolution 2006-001

## Related pages
* The Free Software Definition
* History of free software

## References
## Other websites
* Debian Social Contract and Free Software Guidelines
* debian-legal list, with archives from previous discussions
* Draft DFSG FAQ(down?)
* DFSG FAQ
* Section A.1.3 of *Why OSS/FS? Look at the Numbers!*  identifies some of the major issues discussed by debian-legal.
* List of software licenses currently found in Debian
Kariwood

Cinema in Karachi or **Kariwood** () had its golden days in the 1960s when some of the prominent movie studios were in Karachi, making movies for the viewership of a large and growing working-class population.

With a metropolitan area hosting the world's second most populated city, the movie viewership is still popular in Karachi. However, the interest has shifted more towards the Hollywood and other international productions. One of the reasons for the shifting trends is attributed to the moving of film-making industry to Lahore, locally termed as Lollywood

## Related pages
* Bollywood
* Lollywood
* Hollywood

## Other websites
* Official web site of Lollywood 
* Official web site of karachi film industry
* News about Lollywood 
* Watch lollywood movies online
* Lollywood Forums
Lena Katina

**Elena Sergeevna Katina** (Russian: ***Елена Сергеевна Катина***, born 4 October 1984), better known as **Lena Katina** is a Russian singer. 

She and Yulia Volkova are the members of the pop group t.A.T.u. 

Katina was born in Moscow. She began going to school at age seven. Within a year, she left ordinary school and went to a music school and studied piano. When she was ten, she started singing with the child group "Avenue". She sang with them for three years before joining the vocal and instrumental group "Neposedi" (*Fidgety Children*). While a part of Neposedy, she met Julia Volkova and they became friends. Soon Lena left the group because of her age. Neposedy is for children up to 14 years old. At the age of 15 she was selected to be a part of the group which was later named Tatu (t.A.T.u).

## Discography
### Studio albums
### EPs
### Live albums
### Singles
#### As lead artist
#### As featured artist
#### Promotional singles
### Other appearances
### As songwriter
### Music videos
### Video releases
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Jam session

A **jam session** is an   of musicians to improvise freely on  .  They began with jazz musicians. Musicians sometimes use jam sessions to work on new material, and some songs are made by the band during the session. A jam session will often feature improvisation.

## References
Page 44

**Page 44** is an indie-rock band from England. They have released 3 EPs and 1 demo album and have appeared on television in the United Kingdom. BBC said the band might become "tomorrow's superstars".

## References
## Other websites
*Page 44's MySpace
*Page 44 on Facebook
Logroño

**Logroño** () is a city in northern Spain. It is the capital of La Rioja. Logroño is in the Ebro valley. The population of the city is 150.000.
Madden NFL 09

***Madden NFL 09*** is a video game about the National Football League (NFL) for the Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii, and Nintendo DS. It was the last game to be released on the original Xbox. A GameCube version was also planned, but it was canceled due to the system's discontinuation in early 2007. It was published by EA Sports and developed by EA Tiburon.

Former New York Jets quarterback Brett Favre is on the cover.

## Presentation
On the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Nintendo DS versions, play-by-play and color commentary is provided by Tom Hammond and Cris Collinsworth, respectively, replacing Al Michaels and John Madden. However, Michaels and Madden still appear on the Wii, PlayStation 2, and PSP versions. Madden still has a part in *Madden 09* as the person describing instructions to the Madden IQ. Madden guides you on advice and other things to help you understand how to raise your Madden IQ. Madden also appears in Mii form in the Wii version of the game, suggesting plays to run in the game's "Madden's Pick" feature.

EA's relationship with ESPN also enables tie-ins with different ESPN shows.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Necrophagist

**Necrophagist** is a technical death metal band from Germany.  They have released two albums. The band is currently signed with Relapse Records.  They are known for their fast songs that require a large amount of skill to play.  

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
*Official MySpace
Brain damage

]]
 carrying the rod that caused his TBI]]

**Brain damage** is  to the brain from either illnesses or injuries. Brain cells are damaged, which often affects one's brain in a way that stops the brain from thinking or reacting the same way as it did before the brain was damaged.

Physical damage to the brain is called **traumatic brain injury** (TBI). It has occurred since ancient times, and old medical records exist.

## History 
Head injuries and their effects were known in ancient times.

Ancient Mesopotamians knew of head injury and some of its effects, including seizures, paralysis, and loss of sight, hearing or speech. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, written around 1650–1550&nbsp;BC, describes various head injuries and symptoms and classifies them based on their presentation and tractability. Ancient Greek physicians including Hippocrates understood the brain to be the center of thought, probably due to their experience with head trauma.

Perhaps the first reported case of personality change after brain injury is that of Phineas Gage. He survived an accident in 1848 when a large iron rod was driven through his head, destroying at least his left frontal lobe.

He recovered with no apparent sensory, movement, or big cognitive damage. However, his behaviour so altered that friends described him as "no longer being Gage". This suggested that the damaged areas are involved in "higher functions" such as personality. Many cases of personality change after brain injury have been reported since.

In the 1970s, awareness of TBI as a public health problem grew. such as the discovery of primary and secondary brain injury.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Head and Brain Injuries from MedlinePlus
*Dr.Diane.com  Information on brain injury and related rehabilitation services.
*Fact sheets on brain damage, its effects, and strategies for survivors and their families 
*Brain Damage Research from ScienceDaily
Chop, Ukraine

**Chop** (, , ) is a city found in the Zakarpattia Oblast (province) of western Ukraine, near the borders of Slovakia and Hungary. It is separated from the Hungarian town of Záhony by the river Tisza.

## Demography 
According to the Ukrainian national census, Chop had a population in 2001 of 8,919, of whom 40% were Ukrainians, 39.2% ethnic Hungarians and 20.8% Gypsies, Russians, Slovaks, Belarusians, Jews .

## Features 
Chop is an important railway junction in Ukraine where the Lviv-Stryi-Budapest railway line meets the Lviv-Uzhgorod-Košice line. Near Chop, there are also international railway and highway border crossings to Hungary and Slovakia and also to the westernmost point of Ukraine.

## Other websites 
*Chop in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
*Chop (Чоп) of Ukraine 1:100,000 topographic maps 
*Discovering The Everyday Life in Chop
Toffee

**Toffee** is a candy which is made by boiling sugar with butter, and then cooling the mixture so that it becomes hard. Sometimes it is made with treacle. 

## Related pages
* Fudge
Jenks, Oklahoma

**Jenks** is a city in Tulsa County, Oklahoma, United States, and a suburb of Tulsa, in the northeastern part of the state. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 25,949.

## References
Inuvik, Northwest Territories

**Inuvik** is a town in the Northwest Territories of Canada.  It is also where the local government of the Inuvik Region is based.

## History 
Inuvik was created as a replacement in 1953 for the earlier administrative center, Aklavik because that area was often flooded.  At first, it was called "New Aklavik" but was renamed Inuvik in 1958 because there was confusion between the names of Aklavik and New Akalavik.  Inuvik means "Place of Man" in Inuvialuktun, the local Inuit language.
Edmond, Oklahoma

**Edmond** is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the  Oklahoma City metropolitan area in the central part of the state. It was founded on April 22, 1889.

## References
QuikTrip

**QuikTrip** (abbreviated **QT**)  is a Tulsa-based chain of convenience stores mainly found in the Midwestern and Southern United States (not to be confused with Kwik Trip convenience stores).

The first QuikTrip opened in 1958 in Tulsa, Oklahoma by Chester Cadieux and Burt B. Holmes.  QuikTrip promotes its gasoline as "high-quality" and offers a money-back guarantee.

## References
Lawa, Chakwal

**Lawa** is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

## References
Owasso, Oklahoma

**Owasso** is a city in Rogers and Tulsa counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and a northern suburb of Tulsa. The population was 38,240 at the 2020 census.

## References
Broken Arrow, Oklahoma

**Broken Arrow** is a city in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Most of it is in Tulsa County, but part of it is in western Wagoner County.

## References
Nadsat

**Nadsat** is a slang language. It was invented by Anthony Burgess when he wrote a book called *A Clockwork Orange*. The book is about a teenager called Alex. Alex speaks Nadsat in the book. Stanley Kubrick turned the book into a film, also called *A Clockwork Orange*.

The name of the slang language *Nadsat* comes from Russian. So do many words in the language itself. In Russian, numbers between ten and twenty end with -*nadsat*. This is like the way the same numbers end with -*teen* in English. So *Nadsat* means 'teen'.

Although there is 1950s Russian slang in Nadsat, there are other languages too. However, most words in Nadsat are English or variations of English. One type of English variation used is rhyming slang.

;Examples
***viddy**: to see (from Russian slang)
***appy polly logy**: apology (rhyming slang)
Oklahoma City Thunder

The **Oklahoma City Thunder** (abbreviated **OKC**) are an American professional basketball franchise based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The Seattle SuperSonics franchise had moved to Oklahoma, which meant that there was a new team name (Oklahoma City Thunder). Because of this, the Thunder replaced Seattle in the Western Conference's Northwest Division and began play at Oklahoma City's Ford Center, now known as Paycom Center, during the 2008–09 NBA season.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jørn Utzon

**Jørn Utzon** (April 9, 1918 – November 29, 2008) was a Danish architect. He was born in Copenhagen and grew up in Aalborg. He is most well known for designing the Sydney Opera House in Australia. He won a contest for designing the Sydney Opera House in 1957. However, he left Australia in 1966 and never returned and saw his completed work. He thought of his design of the Sydney Opera House to be like peeling an orange, as he said putting the shells of the building together would make a perfect sphere. In 2001, he was invited back to restore the building and change it back toward his original designs, but he did not return.

In 2003, Utzon won the Pritzker Prize.

Utzon died of a heart attack in Copenhagen.

## References
## Other websites 
*Utzon Center 
*The Kingohouses website
*The Sydney Opera House history
*The Edge of the Possible, 58 minute documentary, 1998, Dir: Daryl Dellora, Film Art Doco Pty Ltd
*Design by Deception: The Politics of Megaproject Approval  (PDF)
Psycholinguistics

**Psycholinguistics** or **psychology of language** is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that allows humans to get, use, and understand language. It studies how our minds allow us to understand language and produce language. One part of psycholinguistics, developmental psycholinguistics studies how children learn to talk. 

## Other websites 
* Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics official website
Meherabad

**Meherabad** ("abad" means a flourishing colony) is the main center where Meher Baba lived and worked from 1923. It is about nine kilometers (6 miles) south of Ahmednagar, India. It is now the site of Meher Baba's tomb as well as places for visitors to stay. A large number of buildings associated with the earlier days of Baba’s work as well as places of charity are also there. Many Baba lovers work or live in the Meherabad area. Meherabad is a popular place of pilgrimage. Around 30,000 pilgrims come each year to Amartithi (the anniversary of Meher Baba's death). In 1944 Meher Baba moved his residence 15 miles north to Meherazad located on the other side of Ahmedagar. It also is a place of pilgrimage.
Bashkardi language

**Bashkardi** is a southwestern Iranian language spoken in the southeast of Iran in the provinces of Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Hormozgan. Bashkardi has numerous dialects and these dialects form a transition from Larestani to Balochi.
Larry Bird

**Larry Joe Bird** (born December 7, 1956) is an American retired NBA basketball player. He won three NBA championships in 1981, 1984, and 1986 with the Boston Celtics. He has also won the NBA MVP award three times, in 1984, 1985, and 1986 as a Celtic. He played college basketball at Indiana State University where he developed a rivalry and friendship with Los Angeles Lakers shooting star Magic Johnson when he faced him in the 1979 NCAA national championship game and three NBA championship series (1984, 1985 and 1987). He has been described as one of the greatest basketball players and greatest shooters of all time.  Bird was nicknamed **Larry Legend** and **The Hick from French Lick**, after his hometown in Indiana.  He was also called **Kodak** by his first NBA coach, Bill Fitch, because Bird could form pictures in his head of the plays on the basketball court. Finally, he was nicknamed **The Great White Hope**.

In 1992, Bird was a member of the United States men's national basketball team. The team was one of the most famous teams in US Olympic history, known as "The Dream Team." The team captured the gold medal after going undefeated.

In 1997, Bird became the head coach of the Indiana Pacers. He was also President of the Pacers (2000-2012, 2013-2017).

He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006. 

He was also inducted into the American Basketball Hall of Fame in 2024. The induction ceremony was held on the campus of Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan. 
 

## References 
## Other websites
Seattle SuperSonics

The **Seattle SuperSonics** (also called the **Seattle Sonics**) were an American professional basketball team based in Seattle, Washington that played in the Pacific and Northwest Divisions of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1967 until its final season in 2007–2008. The team moved to Oklahoma City in 2008, changing its name to the **Oklahoma City Thunder**. The SuperSonics have been looking into getting back into the NBA as an expansion team in the coming years, the fans have really wanted a Seattle NBA team for a while since they disbanded in 2008.

## References
Parkari Koli language

The **Parkari Koli language** (sometimes called just Parkari) is a language mainly spoken in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

## References
Sarikoli language

The **Sarikoli language** (also **Selekur**, **Sarikul**, **Sariqul**, **Sariköli**) is an indigenous Pamiri language spoken by the Pamiri people in Xinjiang, China and northern Pakistan. It is an endangered language spoken by only 16,000 people.

## References
Jhangochi

**Jhangochi**, also referred to as **Jhangvi**, **Jhangli**, **Rachnavi** or **Jatki**,  is a Punjabi dialect spoken in the central regions of the Pakistani province of Punjab. It is, sometimes, regarded as the oldest and most conservative dialect of the Punjabi language. It is spoken throughout a widespread area, at both ends of the Jhelum, Ravi and Chenab rivers, in parts of Jhang, Khanewal, Vehari, Chiniot, Khushab, Sargodha and Chakwal districts of Punjab. It is also spoken in few areas of Muzaffargarh and Lodhran districts of Pakistani Punjab and Fazilka district of Indian Punjab and Sri Ganganagar of Rajasthan.

Jhangochi is transitional with the Majhi dialect, but has several aspects that set it apart from other Punjabi varieties. This area has a great culture and heritage, especially literary heritage, as it is credited with the creation of the famous epic romance stories of Heer Ranjha and Mirza Sahiban. It is spoken in the Bar areas of Punjab, i.e. areas whose names are often suffixed with 'Bar', for example Sandal Bar, Kirana Bar, Neeli Bar and Ganji Bar.

## Notes
Alsager

**Alsager** is a town and civil parish in Cheshire, England. It is located in the Borough of Congleton, near to the border with Staffordshire.

In the 2011 census, the town had a population of 11,775.

In 2007, Alsager was awarded Fairtrade town status by the Fairtrade Foundation.

Despite the town's Staffordshire postcode and Crewe dialling code, it is its own town, and is not part of Crewe or Stoke-on-Trent.

## References
## Other websites 
* Alsager Tour Guide - Information about the local area
Badawi Pass

The **Badawi Pass** connects Dir with Kohistan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

## References
Bara-lacha-la Pass

**Bara-lacha-la** (also known as Bara-lacha Pass, el. 5045 m./16,400&nbsp;ft.) is a high mountain pass connecting Lahaul District in Himachal Pradesh to Ladakh in Jammu & Kashmir state.
A narrow pass in greater Himalayan ranges of HP, located at a height of 1200&nbsp;ft. This pass is not available for transportation during winter due to snow cover
Kalash language

**Kalash or Kalasha** (also known as Kalasha-mun) is an Indo-European language in the Indo-Aryan branch, further classified as a Dardic language in the Chitral Group. However, this Dardic classification is questionable because only 53% of the commonly used words in Kalash have cognates in Khowar language.

## Related pages
* Languages of Pakistan

## References
Sandbach

**Sandbach** is a market town in Cheshire, United Kingdom. It is in the Borough of Congleton.The town is mainly populated by White British Inhabitants.

## Other websites 
* Sandbach Town Council 
* Website about the History of Sandbach 
*detailed map of Sandbach Town Centre
Changla Pass

The **Changla Pass** (el. 5425 m./17,800&nbsp;ft.) is a high mountain pass in Ladakh, India..

## Etymology 
*Chang La* literally means "Northern Pass"  (Chang = north, La = Pass).
## Gallery

File:Chang La prayer flag.jpg|Chang La with prayer flags
File:Chang La, Tea Point.jpg|Chang La, Tea Point, everyone is welcome
File:Chang La pass, Ladakh.JPG|Chang La, Ladakh in 2013

## References
## Other websites
* Video clip of road on Chang La
Khardong La Pass

**Khardung La** (*la* means "pass" in Tibetan) is a high mountain pass located in the Ladakh region, Maqbuza Kashmir. It is at 5359&nbsp;m above seal level.The local pronunciation is "Khardong La" or "Khardzong La" but, as with most names in Ladakh, the romanised spelling varies.
The pass on the Ladakh Range is north of Leh and is the gateway to the Shyok and Nubra valleys. The Siachen Glacier lies part way up the latter valley. Built in 1976, it was opened to public motor vehicles in 1988. Maintained by the Border Roads Organisation, the pass is strategically important to India as it is used to carry supplies to the Siachen Glacier Disputed.

The elevation of Khardung La is 5,359 m (17,582 ft).[1] Local summit signs and dozens of stores selling shirts in Leh incorrectly claim that its elevation is in the vicinity of 5,602 m (18,379 ft)[citation needed] and that it is the world's highest motorable pass.
Pensi La Pass

**Pensi-la** is a mountain pass in the Ladakh region of Kashmir, which is known as the Gateway to Zanskar.

Image:Pensi La-Stod.JPG|View of the source of Stod River, which is also called the Suru River. The Glacier that feeds the Suru/Stod has shrunk and dried up. The Pensi La act as a watershed between two river systems- the Zanskar and the Suru Rivers.
Image:Pensi La.jpg|View of Glacial lake and the Drang-Drung Glacier, as seen from Pensi La, Zanskar, Ladakh, *Kashmir*.
Sasser Pass

**Sasser Pass** or **Saser-la** (el. 5411 m./17,753&nbsp;ft.) is a high mountain pass in Kashmir on the ancient summer caravan route from Ladakh to Yarkand in the Tarim Basin. It leads from the head of the Nubra Valley into the upper Shyok valley, on the way to the even higher, but easier, Karakoram Pass.
Broghol Pass

**Broghol Pass**, also spelled Boroghil and several other ways, (el. 3798 m./12,460&nbsp;ft.) is a high mountain pass that crosses the Pamir Mountains and connects the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan.
Marsimik La

**Marsimik La**, elevation 5,582 metres (18,314 ft), is a high mountain pass in the Chang-Chemno Range in northern Kashmir (India). There is a road over this pass, over which suitably adapted vehicles have been driven, but it is not a motorable pass in the sense that the road is not in good enough condition to permit transit by normal vehicles.

If it were motorable, it would be the highest motorable pass in Kashmir, but reports suggest that there are probably higher motorable passes in Tibet.

Located 16 km northeast of the northwest tip of Pangong Lake, the pass is on the shortest route from there to the contested Kongka La (Pass) area 42 km farther northeast on the China - Occupied Kashmir line of actual control. Marsimik La is four km west of the sharp 6000 to 6500 meter ridge line forming the line of actual control.

## References
Gumal Pass

**Gumal Pass or Gomal Pass** () is a mountain pass on the border of Afghanistan and the southeastern portion of South Waziristan in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. It takes its name from the Gomal River. It is midway between Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass. For a long time, has been a trading route for nomadic Powindahs (nomads).

## References
Hispar Pass

**Hispar Pass** (or Hispar La) (el. 5,128 m./16,824&nbsp;ft.) is a high-altitude, non-technical mountain pass in the Karakoram Range in Pakistan.

At the pass, the Biafo Glacier (63&nbsp;km. long) and Hispar Glacier (49&nbsp;km long) meet to form the world's longest glacial traverse outside of the polar regions, 100 kilometers in length.
Karakar Pass

**Karakar Pass** (el. 1336 m./4384 ft.) is a mountain pass in the Hindu Kush, a mountain ranged based in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

From the top of the pass, one can view Buner Valley. It was at this pass that the Emperor Akbar lost most of his 8000-man army in an abortive attempt to invade Swat in 1586.

The 45&nbsp;km-long road from Pir Baba (RA) to Barikot passes through Mount Ilam rising through mature pine forests to Karakar pass.
Khojak Pass

**Khojak Pass** (el. 7,513&nbsp;ft) connects Qila Abdullah with Chaman in the province of Baluchistan, Pakistan.

khojak pass is between Quetta and Chaman. 22 kilometer before Chaman. 
Khojak tunnel 5.2 kilometer long (3.2 miles). 
Small forts to defend pass on each hill top. 
Picture of khojak tunnel is on old five rupees note.
Mintaka Pass

**Mintaka Pass** (also known as Minteke Pass) (el. 4709 m./15,450&nbsp;ft.) or the nearby Kilik Pass (4,827 m or 15,837&nbsp;ft (4,827 m) high; 37° 05' N; 74° 41' E), 30&nbsp;km to the west, were, in ancient times, the two main access points into the Upper Hunza Valley from the north. The Hunza Valley is a mountainous valley near Gilgit in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
Dorah Pass

**Dorah Pass**, also spelled and pronounced **Durah Pass**, connects Badakshan in Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan. The Dorah Pass is more than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) high. It crosses the Hindu Kush mountains. The pass became important during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan because the Soviets could not stop the flow of arms and men back and forth across the pass. Almost all the Munji-speaking people of Afghanistan fled across the border to Chitral during the War in Afghanistan.

Pamir is a high plateau sometimes called "The roof of the world" that joins Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, China and Kashmir. Marco Polo is believed to have crossed the Pamir Mountains on his way to China.

The Dorah Pass is one of the four major mountain passes that enter Chitral. The others are the Broghol Pass from the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan, Shandur Top from Gilgit, and Lowari Top from Dir in Pakistan.
Oklahoma City Blue

The **Oklahoma City Blue** are an NBA Development League team based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. They play at the Cox Convention Center. They were also known as the **Asheville Altitude** when they played in Asheville, North Carolina from 2001 until 2005 and as the **Tulsa 66ers** when the team played in Tulsa, Oklahoma from 2005 until 2014.

In July 2014, the Thunder moved the 66ers to Oklahoma City. The management said that there was "circumstances beyond our control" which stemmed from stalled relocation attempts.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
NBA G League

The **NBA G League**, or **Gatorade League**, is the National Basketball Association's officially sponsored and operated developmental basketball organization. When the league was formed in 2001, it was called the **National Basketball Development League** (NBDL). In 2005, it entered into a formal relationship with the NBA and became the **NBA Development League**, or **D-League**. After the 2016–17 season, the NBA entered a sponsorship deal with PepsiCo's Gatorade brand of sports drinks; the league first called itself the "Gatorade League", but settled on "G League", reflecting Gatorade's use of a single large "G" as its brand logo.

## 2025–26 teams
Irving Berlin

**Irving Berlin** (May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989), born Israel Baline in Imperial Russia, was a Jewish-American songwriter.

## Selected works
Berlin's first popular success was "Alexander's Ragtime Band."

Broadway musicals written by Berlin included "Annie Get Your Gun" and "Call Me Madam."

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
*Irving Berlin Music Company
*PBS page on Irving Berlin , part of their *Great Performances* series
*If Irving Berlin could not read or write music, how did he compose?  (from *The Straight Dope*)
*Liner notes for *The Vintage Irving Berlin*, New World Records NW 238 
*Irving Berlin collection of non-commercial sound recordings, at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
*The Judy Room "Easter Parade" section 
*Daniel K. Elder "Remarkable Sergeants: Ten Vignettes of Noteworthy NCOs," http://ncohistory.com/files/RemarkableSgts.pdf
Bitwise operation

In computer programming, a **bitwise operation** operates on a bit array at the level of its individual bits.

## Bitwise operators
In the explanations below, any indication of a bit's position is counted from the right side, moving left. For example, the binary value 0001 (decimal 1) has zeroes at every position but the first (i.e., the rightmost) one.

### NOT
The **bitwise NOT**, or **complement**, is an operation that performs logical negation on each bit. Bits that are 0 become 1, and those that are 1 become 0. For example:

 NOT **0**111  (decimal 7)
   = **1**000  (decimal 8)

 NOT 10101011  (decimal 171)
   = 01010100  (decimal 84)

### AND
A **bitwise AND** is an operation that takes two bit patterns and performs the logical AND operation on each pair of bits. If both bits in the compared position are 1, the result is 1 otherwise the result is 0. For example:

     010**1** (decimal 5)
 AND 001**1** (decimal 3)
   = 000**1** (decimal 1)

### OR
A **bitwise OR** is an operation that takes two bit patterns of equal length and performs the logical inclusive OR operation on each pair of bits. If both bits are 0 the result is 0, while otherwise, the result is 1. For example:

    0**101** (decimal 5)
 OR 0**011** (decimal 3)
  = 0**111** (decimal 7)

### XOR
A **bitwise XOR** is an operation that takes two bit patterns of equal length and performs the logical exclusive OR operation on each pair of bits. If both bits are 0 the result 0, if one bit is 1 and the other is zero the result is 1, and if both bits are 1 the result is 0.

     0**10**1 (decimal 5)
 XOR 0**01**1 (decimal 3)
   = 0**11**0 (decimal 6)