open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Stratford, New Zealand

**Stratford** () is the only town in **Stratford District**, and the seat of the Taranaki Region, in New Zealand's North Island. The town has a population of 5,740, making it the 62nd largest urban area in New Zealand.

## References
Catt Sadler

**Catt Sadler** (born August 24, 1974) is an American entertainment reporter. She is best known for her work in *E! News, E! News Weekend* and *Daily Pop*. 

She co-hosted the network's *The Daily 10* before its cancellation. The *Los Angeles Times* named her one of the top 10 up-and-coming broadcasters in entertainment.

## References
Chuck Scarborough

**Charles Bishop Scarborough III** (born November 4, 1943) is an American television journalist and author. Beginning in 1974, he has been the lead news anchor at WNBC. He also appeared on NBC News. He currently anchors *News 4 New York* at 6 p.m. every weeknight. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Chuck Scarborough's bio at nbcnewyork.com
*"Answers From Chuck Scarborough", *The New York Times*, February 24, 2010
Gabriella Tóth

**Gabriella Tóth** is a Hungarian water polo player. She competed for the Hungarian women's national water polo team in the 1994 World Aquatics Championships  and 2013 World Aquatics Championships.

## References
Zsuzsa Kertész

**Zsuzsa Kertész** (born 28 December 1965) is a Hungarian water polo player. She competed for the Hungarian women's national water polo team in the 1985 European Water polo Championships, 1987 European Water polo Championships, 1989 European Water polo Championships, and 1991 European Water polo Championships.

## References
Curtis S. Person Jr.

**Curtis S. Person Jr.** (November 27, 1934 – September 4, 2020) was an American politician. He was born in Memphis, Tennessee. He was a member of the member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1966 to 1968. He also was a member of the State Senate from 1968 to 2006. Person Jr. was a member of the Republican Party.

Person Jr. died on September 4, 2020 in Memphis at the age of 85.

## References
Amal Clooney

**Amal Clooney** (née **Alamuddin**; ; born 3 February 1978) is a Lebanese lawyer. Her works focused in international law and human rights. She was born in Beirut to Lebanese Druze parents.

Her clients include Julian Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, the former prime minister of Ukraine, Yulia Tymoshenko; Canadian journalist Mohamed Fahmy; and Nobel Prize laureate Nadia Murad.

In 2019, Clooney was appointed the special envoy on media freedom by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

In September 2021, The International Criminal Court (ICC) appointed Amal Clooney, as Special Advisor for the Sudanese conflict in Darfur.

## References
Jackie Northam

**Jackie Northam** is an Australian water polo player. She competed for the Australian women's national water polo team in the 1986 World Aquatics Championships.

## References
Kevin Zeese

**Kevin Bruce Zeese** (October 28, 1955 – September 5, 2020) was an American lawyer and political activist. His work focused on ending the War on Drugs and mass incarceration. He helped organize the 2011 Occupy encampment in Washington, D.C. at Freedom Plaza. He was co-director of Popular Resistance. 

He ran for the United States Senate in Maryland in 2006. He lost the election to Ben Cardin. He was born in New York City.

Zeese died on September 5, 2020 in Baltimore City, Maryland from a heart attack, aged 64.

## References
Green-eyed tree frog

The **green-eyed tree frog**, **brown-spotted tree frog**, **fringed tree frog** or **New Guinea tree frog** (*Ranoidea genimaculata*)  is a tree frog from New Guinea.  It lives everywhere on the island except high in the mountains. It lives in both Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, no more than 1500 meters above sea level. It also lives in Queensland, Australia, near the Great Barrier Reef,

The adult male frog is 4.6 cm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 7.1 cm long. Each frog has a bright green ring around its eyes, which is why it is called "green-eyed tree frog" in English.  It has a brown-green body with patches of color that look like lichen that grows on wet rocks.  That way, the frog can hide from larger animals that want to eat it. The frog has very large discs on its toes for climbing.  This frog has a bit of skin on its hind legs that looks like fringe.  That is why it is also called "fringed tree frog" in English.

This frog is not endangered now, but scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis or a virus may have killed many of them.

## References
Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria

The **Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria** () is a metropolitan city in the Calabria region of southern Italy. Its capital is Reggio Calabria. It replaced  the Province of Reggio Calabria in 2017.

The Aspromonte massif dominates the western part, and with its long coastline, the metropolitan city is a popular tourist destination during the summer.

## History
The Metropolitan City was created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990), and then established by the Law 56/2014.

## Government
The Metropolitan City is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (*Sindaco metropolitano*) and the Metropolitan Council (*Consiglio metropolitano*).

### List of Metropolitan Mayors of Reggio Calabria
## References
## Other websites
* Province of Reggio Calabria official website  
* Città di Reggio Calabria official website  
* , Consulate General of the United States. (Includes links to relevant official websites, Italian and American, including area governments, colleges and universities, cultural, travel and tourism sites related to the region.)
Carl-Henning Wijkmark

**Carl-Henning Wijkmark** (21 November 1934 &ndash; 4 September 2020) was a Swedish novelist and translator.  He made his literary debut in 1972. He was known for his novel *Jägarna på Karinhall*. 

Among his other novels are *Dressinen* from 1983 and *Sista dagar* from 1986. 

He was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1986. He received the August Prize in 2007, for his novel *Stundande natten*.

Wijkmark died on 4 September 2020 at the age of 86.

## References
Nicoletta Abbate

**Nicoletta Abbate** is an Italian water polo player. She was a member of the Italian women's national water polo team. She played at the 1989 European Water Polo Championship, 1991 European Water Polo Championship, and 1994 World Aquatics Championships.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Giulia segna sempre  yellowball.it
Quasiparticle

The term **Quasiparticle** describes a concept in physics in which energetically excited states in matter are treated as though they are elementary quantum particles in their own right. In fact they may be something less tangible like a vibration or a rotation.

Unlike neutrons, protons, or even atoms and molecules, quasiparticles aren't independent structures floating about on their own in free space but exist only within the structure being studied. 

For the purposes of modelling the behaviour of the excited state within the structure; this treatment works very well.  

As the particles emerge from more fundamental structures they are called quasi-particles or quasiparticles.

These particles have in most cases short lifetimes, like the magnon or the exciton. But there are also some quasi-particles with an infinite lifetime like the cooper-pair in superconductors. 

## List of known quasiparticles 
## References
Pteropus

***Pteropus*** is a genus of large megabats. They are commonly known as **fruit bats** or **flying foxes**. They live in the tropics and subtropics of Asia:  Australia,  the Indian subcontinent, East Africa, and some oceanic islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. 

There are at least 60 living species in the genus.
Flying foxes eat fruit and other plant matter, and occasionally  insects as well. They find food with their keen sense of smell. Most, but not all, are nocturnal. They navigate with keen eyesight, as they cannot echolocate. They have long lives and low birth rates.  Females of most species have only one offspring each year. This slow birth rate makes their populations vulnerable in present-day circumstances.

Like other bats, flying foxes can give deadly diseases to humans. They are the reservoirs of rare but fatal disease agents such as Australian bat lyssavirus (which causes rabies), and Hendra virus. Seven known human deaths have come from these two diseases. Nipah virus is also transmitted by flying foxes&mdash;it affects more people, with over 100 fatalities. 

Flying foxes have cultural significance to indigenous people. They appear in traditional art, folklore, and weaponry. Their fur and teeth were used as currency in the past. Some cultures still use their teeth as currency today.

## References
Captains Regent

The **Captains Regent** are the heads of state of San Marino and leaders of the government. There are always two Captains Regent and they serve terms of six months.

## List (since 1900)
## Notes
## References
Matrix function

In mathematics, a function maps an input value to an output value. In the case of a matrix function, the input and the output values are matrices.  One example of a matrix function occurs with the Algebraic Riccati equation, which is used to solve certain optimal control problems. 

**Matrix functions** are special functions made by matrices.

## Definitions
Most functions like \exp(x) are defined as a solution of a differential equation. But matrix functions will use a different way.

Suppose z is a complex number and A is a square matrix. If you have a polynomial:
:f(z):=c_0+c_1z+\cdots+c_mz^m,
then it is reasonable to define
:f(A):=c_0I+c_1A+\cdots+c_mA^m.
Let's use this idea. When you have
:f(z):=\sum_{k=0}^\infty c_kz^k,
then you can introduce
:f(A):=\sum_{k=0}^\infty c_kA^k.
For example, the matrix version of the exponential function and the trigonometric functions are defined as follows: and statistics. This is why numerical analysts are studying how to compute them.
* Root of a matrix
* Matrix cosine and sine
* Logarithm of a matrix
* Validated numerics for the functions above
* Matrix version of the gamma function

## Related pages
* Matrix analysis
* Linear algebra
** Numerical linear algebra

## References
## Further reading
* A Survey of the Matrix Exponential Formulae with Some Applications (2016), Baoying Zheng, Lin Zhang, Minhyung Cho, and Junde Wu. J. Math. Study Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 393-428.
* Higham, N. J. (2006). Functions of matrices. Manchester Institute for Mathematical Sciences, School of Mathematics, The University of Manchester.
Jubba River

**Jubba River** is a river which starts in the Ogadenia region. It ends in the Jubaland state of Somalia.

## References
Mauritian flying fox

The **Mauritian flying fox** (*Pteropus niger*) is also known as **Greater Mascarene flying fox** or **Mauritius fruit bat**. 

It is a megabat species endemic to Mauritius and La Réunion. An out-of-date name for this megabat is *Vespertilio niger*.

## References
Moytoy of Tellico

**Moytoy of Tellico,** (died 1741) (, meaning "rainmaker") was given the title of "Emperor of the Cherokee" by Sir Alexander Cumming. He was chief of the Wolf Clan.
Žarko Domljan

**Žarko Domljan** (14 September 1932 – 5 September 2020) was a Croatian politician. He was the first Speaker of the Croatian Parliament after Croatia's independence from Yugoslavia. He was the speaker from 30 May 1990 to 2 August 1992. He later was a Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

Domljan died on 5 September 2020 in Zagreb, aged 87.

## References
Coalinga, California

**Coalinga** ( or ) is a city in Fresno County and the western San Joaquin Valley, in central California.

The population was 17,590 at the 2020 census. This is up from 13,380 at the 2010 census, and 11,668 at the 2000 census.

## References
Levon Altounian

**Levon Aram Altounian** (; ; 15 February 1936 – 6 September 2020) was a Lebanese footballer. He played as a winger or midfielder. He was born in Beirut.

Altounian played his whole club career at Homenetmen between 1952 and 1973. He also played for the national team from 1954 to 1963. 

On 6 September 2020, Altounian died at a hospital in Roumieh, Lebanon at the age of 84.

## References
Kevin Dobson

**Kevin Patrick Dobson** (March 18, 1943 – September 6, 2020) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Detective Bobby Crocker in the CBS crime drama *Kojak* (1973–1978) and as M. Patrick "Mack" MacKenzie in *Knots Landing* (1982–1993). He was born in New York City.

Dobson died of a heart attack on September 6, 2020 in Coalinga, California at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
Six Pack (movie)

***Six Pack*** is a 1982 American comedy-drama movie directed by Daniel Petrie and starring Kenny Rogers, Diane Lane, Erin Gray, Anthony Michael Hall, Barry Corbin, Terry Kiser, Bob Hannah. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
* 
*
Sergey Koltakov

**Sergey Mikhailovich Koltakov** (;  December 10, 1955 &ndash; September 7, 2020) was a Russian actor. He was born in Barnaul, Altai Krai, Soviet Union. He was best known for his roles as Sergei in *Mirror for a Hero* (1987), Hank in ''New Adventures of a Yankee in King Arthur's Court* (1988) and as Konstatin in *The Life of Klim Samgin'' (1988).

Koltakov died on September 7, 2020 in Moscow, aged 64.

## References
Abdul Malik Fadjar

**Abdul Malik Fadjar** (22 February 1939 &ndash; 7 September 2020) was an Indonesian politician and academic. He was the Minister of Religious Affairs between 1998 to 1999 and Minister of Education from 2001 to 2004. He worked during the cabinets of B. J. Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri.

Fadjar died on 7 September 2020 at the age of 81.

## References
Centralian tree frog

The **Centralian tree frog** (*Ranoidea gilleni*) is a tree frog from Australia.  It lives in the MacDonnell Ranges in the Northern Territory.

This frog lives in rocky places with water holes and bodies of water that sometimes dry up.  It hides during the day.  Scientists do not know much about the eggs or tadpoles.

Scientists used to think this was the same frog as *Litoria caerulea*.

## References
Xavier Ortiz

**Xavier Ortiz** (June 29, 1962 – September 7, 2020) was a Mexican actor, singer, and businessman. He was a member of the Mexican pop group Garibaldi. He was known for his roles in *Journey from the Fall* and the Mexican production of *P.S. Your Cat Is Dead*. He also played Lalo in the 2009 telenovela *Un gancho al corazón*.

From 1999 to 2005, he was married to his Garibaldi member Patricia Manterola.

Ortiz killed himself on September 7, 2020 at his home in Guadalajara, aged 48.

## References
Patrick Sweeney (politician)

**Patrick Anthony Sweeney** (September 2, 1939 – September 7, 2020) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Ohio Senate from 1997 to 1998, and a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1967 to 1997.  

He was appointed in January 1997 to fill the vacancy caused by Dennis Kucinich, who was elected to Congress. Sweeney was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Sweeney died on September 7, 2020 in Cleveland at the age of 81.

## References
Harry Roque

**Herminio** "**Harry**" **Lopez Roque Jr.** (; born October 21, 1966) is a Filipino lawyer, politician, and former law professor. He is the current Presidential Spokesperson of President Rodrigo Duterte.

## References
Joseph Chennoth

**Joseph Chennoth** (13 October 1943 – 8 September 2020) was an Indian Syro Malabar Catholic prelate. He worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He was an archbishop and an apostolic nuncio from 1999 until his death.

He was made a priest on 4 May 1969 by Bishop Paul Ch’eng Shih-kuang of Tainan, Taiwan.

Pope John Paul II named him titular archbishop of Milevum and Apostolic Nuncio to the Central African Republic and to Chad on 24 August 1999.

Pope Benedict XVI named him Apostolic Nuncio to Tanzania on 15 June 2005.

Benedict appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Japan on 15 August 2011.

Chennoth died on 8 September 2020 in Tokyo, aged 76.

## References
Jaya Prakash Reddy

**Jaya Prakash Reddy** (10 October 1945 &nbsp;– 8 September 2020) was an Indian Telugu actor. He was born in Sirvel, Andhra Pradesh, India. He was known for his roles in *Samarasimha Reddy*, *Jayam Manade Raa and* *Chennakesava Reddy*. 

Reddy died on 8 September 2020 at his home in Guntur due to cardiac arrest, aged 74.

## References
Vexi Salmi

**Veikko Olavi "Vexi" Salmi** (; 21 September 1942 – 8 September 2020) was a Finnish lyricist.  He wrote the lyrics to many  popular songs for several prominent artists, including Irwin Goodman, Jari Sillanpää, and Katri Helena.  

His career as a lyricist began in the 1960s. He was born in Hämeenlinna, Finland. He wrote the lyrics to many Eurovision entry songs such as "Huilumies" and "Katson sineen taivaan".

Salmi died from a short-illness in Helsinki on 8 September 2020, aged 77.

## References
Chamber of Representatives of Colombia

The **House of Representatives** (Spanish: *Cámara de Representantes*) is the lower house of the Congress of Colombia. It has 172 members elected to four-year terms.

According to the Colombian Constitution, the House of Representatives, currently made up of 166 representatives serving four-year terms, is elected in territorial constituencies, special constituencies and an international constituency.

## Other websites
*
Congress of Colombia

The **Congress of the Republic of Colombia** () is the name given to Colombia's bicameral national legislature.

The Congress of Colombia is made up of the 108-seat Senate *(Senado)*, and the 172-seat Chamber of Representatives *(Cámara de Representantes)*. Members of both houses are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms.

## Notes
## References
Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1

The **CLP-1** or '*** () is the top division of the Tunisian Football Federation. It was created in 1921.

## History
The football championship of Tunisia, was first held in 1907 by the "Ligue Tunisienne de football" (Tunisian League of football – LTF) then the Tunisian Football Federation (FTF). The first edition opposed the three teams of "Racing club of Tunis", "Football club of Bizerte" and "Sporting of Ferryville", and the two school teams of the "Carnot College of Tunis" and the "Sadiki College".
It became official with the creation of the LTF in 1921 and its affiliation with the French federation of football. Until 1939, the title of champion was attributed as a result of dams between the regional champions. But from 1946 to 1947, a championship of "excellence" (national division) was created and competes nationally. In 1944–1945, 1945–1946 and 1952–1953, the championship was not disputed and was replaced by a criterium (a kind of tournament pools where participation is voluntary). 
The current big clubs are created during this period: "Esperance Sportive de Tunis" (1919), "Club African" (1920), "Etoile Sportive du Sahel" (1925), "Club Athletic Bizertin" and "Club Sportif Sfaxien" (1928).

## Media coverage 
El Watania 1 and El Watania 2 have the broadcast rights of the **Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1** since independence. Qatari channels Al-Kass Sports have the rights of broadcasting 10 meetings per season, most of them derby matches, since the 2015–16 season.

## Current members of the Ligue Professionnelle 1 (2019–20 season) 
### Participating Clubs 
## Tunisia champions by season
This is the list of the clubs that won the Tunisian League:

### Under the Rule of the USFSA (1909–21)
### Under the rule of LTF (1921–1955)
### After Independence (1956–present)
## Performances
### Performance by club
Teams in **Bold*' compete in 2019–20 Ligue 1.

### Performance by city
### Number of Titles by Region
### Titles by Main Region
## Top scorers
This is the list of top scorers by season.

## References
## Other websites
*League at fifa.com 
*RSSSF competition history
* Tunisian Ligue 1 – Hailoosport.com  (Arabic)
*Tunisian Ligue 1 – Hailoosport.com
Patricia Manterola

**Patricia Manterola** (; born **Bertha Patricia Manterola Carrión** on April 23, 1972) is a Mexican singer and actress. She was born in Mexico City. Her career began in 1989. She was one of the original members of the Mexican pop group Garibaldi. She is known for her role as Julia in the telenovela *Apuesta por un amor*.

From 1999 to 2005, she was married to Garibaldi group member Xavier Ortiz. 

## References
Aurelio Iragorri Hormaza

**Jorge Aurelio Iragorri Hormaza** (28 April 1937 &ndash; 7 September 2020) was a Colombian politician. He was born in Popayán, Colombia. He was a member of the Social Party of National Unity. He was the Governor of Cauca from 1975 to 1976. He was also a member of the Chamber of Representatives from 1981 to 1982 and Senate from 1991 to 2014.

Iragorri Hormaza died on 7 September 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 83.

## References
Senate of Colombia

The **Senate of the Republic of Colombia ** () is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia, with the lower house being the House of Representatives. The Senate has 108 members elected for concurrent (non-rotating) four-year terms.

## References
International Military Tribunal for the Far East

The **International Military Tribunal for the Far East** (**IMTFE**), also known as the **Tokyo Trial** or the **Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal**, was a military trial began on April 29, 1946, to try the leaders of the Empire of Japan for joint conspiracy to start a war (categorized as "Class A" crimes), conventional war crimes ("Class B") and crimes against humanity ("Class C").

Eleven countries (Australia, Canada, China, France, India, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) provided judges and prosecutors for the court.

Twenty-eight Japanese military and political leaders were charged. The trial ended on November 12, 1948.

## References
Trolley problem

The **trolley problem** is an imaginary problem that people can think about to explore how the human mind works.

Oxford University philosophy professor Philippa Foot in the 1960s wrote about the trolley problem and other problems in her 1967 essay "The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect."  Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Judith Jarvis Thomson made the trolley problem famous.  Now many schools teach the trolley problem.  For a time, there was even a part of philosophy called trolleyology. Jarvis Thomson named the problem "the trolley problem."

The trolley problem does not have a right or wrong answer.  Instead, it is a way to make people think and talk about what makes actions good or bad and why.

## How it works
The agent ("you") is on a trolley, a fast-moving cart that can only run on a track.  It is not an automobile that can be driven off the edge of a road.  It must stay on a track.  Ahead of the agent, five people are standing on the track, where the trolley will run over them and kill them.  The agent has no way to stop the trolley.  The only thing the agent can do is throw a switch to make the trolley change onto a different track.  On this second track, there is one person.  None of the six people have time to move out of the way.

In Jarvis Thomson's version, the person controlling the trolley switch is not on the trolley.  Instead, this agent is watching from the side.  This person can throw the switch but they can also choose to do nothing. When people thought about pulling the trolley switch to kill one person instead of five, the parts of the brain that do cool, rational thinking (the prefrontal cortex) lit up.  When people thought about pushing a fat man onto the track, the parts of their brain that do emotion  (the amygdala) lit up.  The people decided not to push the fat man onto the track.  Greene and the other scientists said they think human beings are more likely to make moral decisions using intuition when they are feeling emotions, for example the disgust they feel at the thought of killing an innocent fat man.  Green and the other scientists said they think human beings are more likely to make decisions using logic when their emotions are not involved.

## In popular culture
The trolley problem was in the episode "The Trolley Problem" on the second season of the sitcom *The Good Place*.

## References
Gao Wenbin

**Gao Wenbin** () (December 1921/1922 &#x2013; 7 September 2020) was a Chinese historian, translator, university professor and jurist. He was the last surviving member of the Chinese delegation which represented the Republic of China at the Tokyo Trial. He was born in Yueyang, Hunan. 

In 1952, he was arrested by one of the teachers of the Soochow University Law School terming him as a "special suspect" and was sentenced to a minimum of ten years of labour reform. 

He joined the China Democratic League in 1985.

He had lectures at the University of Maine School of Law and at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law. He also taught maritime law and international law at the Shanghai Maritime University.

Gao died on 7 September 2020 at a hospital in Shanghai from a long-illness, aged 99.

## References
Shibboleth

A **shibboleth** () was originally a single word which distinguished one group from another.

Rather more widely, it is any custom or tradition that distinguishes one group of people from another. Shibboleths have been used throughout history in many societies as passwords. They are simple ways of self-identification: they signal loyalty and affinity.

## Origin
The term comes from the Hebrew word *shibbólet* (), which means the part of a plant containing grain, such as the head of a stalk of wheat or rye. 

The modern use comes from an account in the Hebrew Bible. How this word was pronounced was used to distinguish friend from foe. In the Book of Judges, chapter 12, the inhabitants of Gilead inflicted a military defeat on the invading tribe of Ephraim (around 1370–1070 BC). The surviving Ephraimites tried to cross the River Jordan to their home territory, but the Gileadites secured the river's fords to stop them.  

To identify and kill the Ephraimites, the Gileadites told each suspected survivor to say the word *shibboleth* (with voiceless postalveolar fricative). The Ephraimite dialect resulted in a pronunciation that, to Gileadites, sounded like *sibboleth*.  In the King James Bible: 

The concept of a shibboleth is still with us. It is any word, phrase, jargon or pronunciation which identifies a person as a member of a particular group.

## References
Landscape architecture

**Landscape architecture** is a field of design that deals with the design of garden buildings and open spaces: open public or private spaces, squares, gardens and parks, promenades and more. He who deals with landscape architecture is landscape architect. In most cases, landscape architecture is simultaneously associated with the architecture of buildings and planning and urban design, which are areas in which architects are engaged. Landscape architecture deals with different and varied forms of open spaces and different ways of planning the relationship between buildings and land and landscape and between man and nature or his urban environment.

## Related pages 
* Urban design
* Landscape urbanism

## Other websites
AFC Asian Cup

The *FC Asian Cup**, commonly known as the **Asian Cup*', is the main association football competition played by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It has been held every four years since 1956, in the even-numbered year between FIFA World Cup tournaments until 2004, and in the year after FIFA World Cup tournaments since 2007.

## Past AFC Asian Cup results 
## Wins by team 
## Other websites
*Official website at the Asian Football Confederation
Tom Jernstedt

**Tom Jernstedt ** (November 24, 1944 – September 6, 2020) was an American basketball administrator. He worked for the NCAA from 1972 until 2010. He was honored into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor in 2010 and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2017. He was born in McMinnville, Oregon.

Jernstedt died on September 6, 2020 from a heart attack in Tequesta, Florida, aged 75.

## References
Carlton, Oregon

**Carlton** is a city in Yamhill County, Oregon,  United States. The population was 2,220 at the 2020 census.

## references
Chen Dingchang

**Chen Dingchang** (; January 1937 &ndash; 7 September 2020) was a Chinese scientist. His work focused in aerospace engineering. Chen was born in Shanghai. He worked at the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation. Chen developed China's first laser radar. In 2009, he became a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Chen died on 7 September 2020 in Beijing, aged 83.

## References
The Naked City

***The Naked City*** is a 1948 American crime drama movie directed by Jules Dassin and stars Barry Fitzgerald, Howard Duff, Dorothy Hart, Don Taylor, Frank Conroy, Adelaide Klein.  It was distributed by Universal Pictures. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards and won 2 Oscars in 1949.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Gene Budig

**Gene A. Budig** (May 25, 1939September 8, 2020) was an American baseball executive. He was the last president of the American League (AL), from 1994 to 1999. He was born in McCook, Nebraska.

Budig went on to become part-owner of a minor league baseball team. He was also President of Illinois State University between 1973 to 1977, West Virginia University between 1977 to 1981 and University of Kansas between 1980 to 1994.

Budig died on September 8, 2020 in Charleston, South Carolina from liver disease at the age of 81.

## References
Ronald Harwood

**Sir Ronald Harwood**,  (born **Ronald Horwitz**; 9 November 1934 – 8 September 2020) was a South African-born British author, playwright and screenwriter. He was known for his screenplays *The Dresser* and *The Pianist*. He won the 2003 Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He also wrote the screenplay for *The Diving Bell and the Butterfly* (2007).

Harwood died at his home in Sussex on 8 September 2020, at age 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Claude Peretti

**Claude Peretti** (24 February 1942 – 8 September 2020) was a French footballer. He played as a Right midfielder. He won the 1963 Coupe de France with AS Monaco FC. He was born in Nice, France.

He then played for Olympique de Marseille before returning to Monaco for a brief time in 1964. In 1965, he joined AC Ajaccio, which won the Ligue 2 championship in 1967. He retired in 1970.

Peretti died on 8 September 2020 at the age of 78.

## References
The Pianist (2002 movie)

***The Pianist*** is a 2002 war biographical drama movie produced and directed by Roman Polanski. The script was written by Ronald Harwood. It starred Adrien Brody. 

It is based on the autobiographical book *The Pianist* (1946), a Holocaust memoir by the Polish-Jewish pianist and composer Władysław Szpilman, a Holocaust survivor. 

*The Pianist* was released on 24 May 2002 at the Cannes Film Festival to strong positive critical reviews. It was awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. 

The movie won many Academy Awards such as for Best Director (Polanski), Best Adapted Screenplay (Harwood), and Best Actor (Brody), and was nominated for four others, including Best Picture.

## References
Paul Chittilapilly

**Paul Chittilapilly** (27 February 1934 &ndash; 6 September 2020) was an Indian Syro-Malabar Catholic prelate. He was bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1961. He was bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kalyan, India, from 1988 to 1996 and as bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Thamarassery, India, from 1996 to 2010.

Chittilapilly died on 6 September 2020, aged 86.

## References
Marco Cariola

**Marco Antonio Juan Andrés Cariola Barroilhet** (2 November 1932 &ndash; 6 September 2020) was a Chilean lawyer, farmer and politician. He was born in Viña del Mar, Chile. Cariola was a member of the Independent Democratic Union. From 1998 to 2006, he was a member of the Senate.

Cariola died on 6 September 2020 in Santiago de Chile at the age of 87.

## References
Silver Apples

**Silver Apples** were an American electronic rock group from New York between 1967 and 1970. 

## Background
It was made-up of Simeon (born Simeon Oliver Coxe III; June 4, 1938 &ndash; September 8, 2020), who performed on a synthesizer, drummer Danny Taylor. 

The duo were among the first to use electronic music techniques outside of academia.

## Discography
### Albums
* *Silver Apples* (1968, Kapp Records), (2017, Rotorelief)
* *Contact* (1969, Kapp), (2017, Rotorelief)
* *Beacon* (1998, Whirlybird)
* *The Garden* (1998, Whirlybird)
* *Decatur* (1998, Whirlybird)
* *Clinging To A Dream* (2016, ChickenCoop Recordings)

### Singles
* "Oscillations"/"Whirly-Bird" (1968, KAPP Records, 7")
* "You & I"/"Confusion" (1969, KAPP Records, 7")
* "Fractal Flow"/"Lovefingers" (1996, Enraptured 45's, 7")
* "Fractal Flow"/"Lovefingers" (1997, Whirlybird Records, CD)
* "A Lake of Teardrops" (1998, Space Age Recordings, CD) (with Spectrum) 
* "I Don't Know" (2007, Gifted Children Records, 7") (split single with One Cut Kill)

## Refeences
Arnulfo Fuentebella

**Arnulfo Palma Fuentebella** (October 29, 1945 – September 9, 2020) was a Filipino politician. He was the Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives from 2000 to 2001. He was also a representative of House of Representatives between 1992 to 2001, 2004 to 2019. Fueneblla was born in Goa, Camarines Sur.

Fuentebella died of heart failure on September 9, 2020 in San Fernando, Pampanga at the age of 74.

## References
Jakob Oetama

**Jakob Oetama** (27 September 1931 – 9 September 2020) was an Indonesian journalist. He was the co-founder and owner of Kompas Gramedia Group. He also created *Kompas Daily* in 1965, one of the leading newspapers of Indonesia. Oetama was born in Central Java.

Oetama died on 9 September 2020 in Jakarta at the age of 88.

## References
Palme d'Or

The '''Palme d'Or''' (; ) is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival. It was created in 1955 by the festival's organizing committee. 

The Palme d'Or is widely seen to be one of the most well known awards in the movie industry.

## References
Deprisa, Deprisa

***Deprisa, Deprisa*** () is a 1981 Spanish French drama movie directed by Carlos Saura and starring André Falcon, Yves Barsacq, Berta Socuéllamos Zarco, José Antonio Valdelomar, Jesús Arias Aranzueque.

## Other websites
*
Wilm Hosenfeld

**Wilhelm Adalbert Hosenfeld** (; 2 May 1895 – 13 August 1952) was a German Army officer who by the end of the Second World War was promoted to *Hauptmann* (Captain). 

He helped to hide or rescue several Polish people, including Jews, in Nazi-German occupied Poland, and helped Polish-Jewish pianist and composer Władysław Szpilman to survive, hidden, in the ruins of Warsaw during the last months of 1944.

In October 2007, Hosenfeld was honored by the president of Poland Lech Kaczyński with a Commander’s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. 

## Other websites
*Wilm Hosenfeld, A Man Of courage
*– The story of Wilm Hosenfeld
*Comment on Hosenfeld in conjunction with Roman Polanski's film*The Pianist*
*Page on Wilm Hosenfeld and *The Pianist* on the website of Hosenfeld's grandson
*"Dziennik" 13 Oct. 2007  re posthumous award of Polonia Restituta – **In Polish**
*Wilm Hosenfeld at Yad Vashem website
Landscape urbanism

**Landscape urbanism** is a new theory in the field of urban and regional planning that first appeared in the late 20th century claiming that the best way to organize cities is through the landscape design of the city rather than the design of its buildings. The phrase urban landscape first appeared in the mid-1990s. Since then this phrase has received many different uses but is most often cited as a post-modernist response to the failures of "New Urbanism".

In 2008 the first Biennale in the world of "Landscape Urbanism" was held in the city of Bat-Yam in Israel which dealt with New Urbanism.

## Related pages 
* Urban design
* Landscape architecture

## Other websites 
*Sustainable Urban Development Resource Guide
*History and theory of landscape urbanism
*Bat Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism
Vaughan Jones

**Sir Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones**   (31 December 1952 – 6 September 2020) was a New Zealand mathematician. He was known for his work on von Neumann algebras and knot polynomials. He was awarded a Fields Medal in 1990. He was born in Gisborne, New Zealand.

Jones died on 6 September 2020 from problems caused by an ear infection at the age of 67.

## References
United States Federal Witness Protection Program

The **United States Federal Witness Protection Program** (**WPP**), also known as the **Witness Security Program** or **WITSEC**, is a witness protection program. It is operated by the United States Marshals Service. It was created to protect threatened witnesses before, during, and after a trial.

A few states, including California, Connecticut, Illinois, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C. have their own witness protection programs for crimes not covered by the federal program. 

The state-run programs have less protections than the federal program.

## References
Hassan Maatouk

**Hassan Ali Maatouk** (born 10 August 1987) is an Lebanese footballer. He plays for Ansar and the Lebanon national team as a forward. He is the player with the most goals and appearances for his national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International 
## Honours
**Ahed**
* Lebanese Premier League: 2007–08, 2009–10, 2010–11 2008–09, 2010–11
* Lebanese Elite Cup: 2008, 2010, 2011 2010, 2011

**Nejmeh**
* Lebanese Elite Cup: 2017, 2018
* Lebanese Premier League Best Player: 2009–10, 2010–11, 2017–18, 2018–19
* Lebanese Premier League Best Young Player: 2004–05
* Lebanese Premier League Player of the Week: 2007–08, 2009–10
* Lebanese Premier League Team of the Season: 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2020–21
* Lebanese FA Cup top goalscorer: 2021–22
* Lebanese Elite Cup top goalscorer: 2008, 2019
* Lebanese Premier League top assist provider: 2017–18, 2020–21

**Records**
* Lebanon all-time top goalscorer: 23 goals (*as of 26 March 2024*)
* Lebanon all-time appearance holder: 121 appearances (*as of 26 March 2024*)
* Fujairah FC all-time top goalscorer: 56 goals (*as of 20 May 2019*)

## Footnotes
## References
Malayan weasel

The **Malayan weasel** (*Mustela nudipes*) is a type of weasel. It is also called the **Malay weasel**. It is native to the Thai-Malay Peninsula and the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. It is a Least Concern species.

## References
Bless This House

***Bless This House*** is a British comedy series that first aired on British TV on the 2nd February, 1971 and ran for six series or seasons with its final episode airing on 22nd April, 1976. It ended after the death of its main star, *Sidney James.* A film sequel was made in 1972 with the same title.

## The Story 
The programme centres on life in Birch Avenue, Putney, London, where stationery salesman Sid Abbott (Sidney James) and his wife Jean (Diana Coupland) live with their teenage children.  Mike, the son, played by Robin Stewart, is fresh from art college and is more pre-occupied with protests than finding a job. The daughter, Sally, played by Sally Geeson, who is younger than Mike, is trendy and her parents are continually worried about her relationships with 'boys'. Sid and Jean constantly battle to comprehend the new generation's permissive ways and are usually out-of-touch. Their neighbours and best friends are Trevor (Anthony Jackson) and his wife Betty (Patsy Rowlands).
Filaret Denysenko

**Patriarch Filaret** (secular name *Mykhailo Antonovych Denysenko*; 23 January 1929 &ndash; 20 March 2026) was the primate and Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate. He was the patriarch from 2019 until his death in 2026. Before, he was the patriarch between 1995 to 2018.

He was the honorary Patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine from 2018 to 2019, and the former Metropolitan of Kyiv of the Russian Orthodox Church between 1966 to 1992. He was defrocked and in 1997 excommunicated by the ROC. 

In March 2020, during a television interview, Filaret called the coronavirus pandemic a "divine punishment" for same-sex marriage. 

On 8 September 2020, Filaret tested positive for COVID-19 and pneumonia.

Denysenko died on 20 March 2026 in Kyiv, Ukraine at the age of 97.

## References
Benedict To Varpin

**Benedict To Varpin** (24 July 1936 &ndash; 8 September 2020) was a New Papua Guinean Roman Catholic prelate. He became a priest in 1971. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bereina, Papua New Guinea from 1979 to 1987. He later became archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madang, Papua New Guinea in 1987.

To Varpin died on 8 September 2020, aged 84.

## References
George Bizos

**George Bizos** (14 November 1927 – 9 September 2020) was a Greek-born South African human rights lawyer. He campaigned against apartheid in South Africa, most notably during the Rivonia Trial. He was Nelson Mandela's lawyer.

Bizos died in Johannesburg on 9 September 2020, aged 92.

## References
Cini Boeri

**Cini Boeri** (June 19, 1924 – September 9, 2020) was an Italian architect and designer. She was born in Milan. In the 1970s, Boeri began designing showrooms for Knoll in Europe and America.

She worked for many other design companies, including lighting company Artemide, furniture company Arflex, and the housewares company Rosenthal.

Boeri died at her home in Milan on September 9, 2020 at the age of 96.

## References
Amos Luzzatto

**Amos Luzzatto** (3 June 1928 – 9 September 2020) was an Italian-Jewish writer and essayist. He was one of the most important representatives of Jewish Italian culture in the 20th century. He was teaching at the Rabbinical College in Padua and was an Italian representative of the "Wissenschaft des Judentums". He was born in Rome.

From June 1998 to February 2006, he was the President of the Union of Italian Jewish Communities.

Luzzatto died on 9 September 2020 in Venice, Italy at the age of 92.

## References
Dainty green tree frog

The **dainty green tree frog**, **dainty frog** or **graceful tree frog** (*Ranoidea gracilenta*) is a tree frog from Australia.  It lives in Queensland and New South Wales.

This frog lives in forests.  It sits on reeds and floating plants in bodies of water, but it also lives in places where people grow fruit.  In the winter, it climbs up to the tops of trees and stays away from water.  In warmer weather, the female frog lays eggs on stems of grass in the water.  The tadpoles take 14 days to become frogs.
## References
Al Ahed FC

**Al Ahed FC** is a professional football club that plays in the Lebanese Premier League. They are based in Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon.

The club has won 1 AFC Cup title, 8 league titles, 6 Lebanese FA Cup titles, 8 Lebanese Super Cup titles, 5 Lebanese Elite Cup titles, and 1 Lebanese Federation Cup title. In 2019 they became the first club from Lebanon to win the AFC Cup.

## Notes 
## References
Lebanese Premier League

The **Lebanese Premier League** is the top league competition for Lebanese football. It is above the Lebanese Second Division. The competition started in 1934.
Lebanon women's national football team

The '''Lebanon women's national football team''' are a team who play women's association football for Lebanon. They have never qualified for the World Cup or the Asian Cup. They came third 2 times in the WAFF Championship.

## References
Olive, New York

**Olive** is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States.  The town is west of Kingston, New York and is inside the Catskill Park.  The population was 4,226 at the 2020 census.

The hamlet of Olivebridge is located in the town of Olive.

## References
Gerald Neal

**Gerald Anthony Neal** (born September 22, 1945) is a Democratic Party politician and lawyer. He is a member of the Kentucky Senate, representing District 33 since 1988. He is the first African-American man elected to the Kentucky Senate.

## References
2020 California wildfires

The **2020 California wildfire season** was a series of wildfires that burned across the state of California in the United States.

As of September 9, 2020, a total of 7,606 fires have burned , making 2020 the largest wildfire season recorded in California history. 

Climate change has increased the risk of wildfires in California.

## References
Abdul Qadir Bajamal

**Abdul Qadir Bajamal** (; February 18, 1946 – September 7, 2020) was a Yemeni politician. He was the Prime Minister of Yemen from 31 March 2001 to 7 April 2007. He was a member of the General People's Congress party. He also was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Yemen from 1998 to 2001.

Bajamal died on September 7, 2020 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from problems caused by multiple strokes, aged 74.

## References
Edgard Tupët-Thomé

**Edgard Tupët-Thomé** (19 April 1920 – 9 September 2020) was a French militant. He was in the Free French Forces. He was born in Bourg-la-Reine, France. 

He was one of the first men to join the Free French Forces, led by Charles de Gaulle. He parachuted into Châteauroux on 9 December 1941. However, he was injured during his landing, and was forced to leave combat. Six months later, he left France to seek treatment in England.

In January 1944, he became second in command of the 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment.

In 1945, Tupët-Thomé resigned from the French Armed Forces. He was admitted to the École nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer and became an administrator of colonies in French Tunisia in January 1946.

He was honored with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour and was named a Companion of the Liberation.

Tupët-Thomé died in Paris on 9 September 2020 at the age of 100.

## References
Thomas L. Steffen

**Thomas L. Steffen** (9 July 1930 – 1 September 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Supreme Court Justice in the state of Nevada from 1982 to 1997. He was nominated by Governor Robert List.

He studied at George Washington University where he graduated from in 1964. He began working in Bureau of Naval Weapons.

Steffen died on 1 September 2020 at the age of 90.

## References
You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger

***You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger*** is a 2010 American Spanish romantic comedy drama movie directed by Woody Allen and starring Anthony Hopkins, Josh Brolin, Antonio Banderas, Gemma Jones, Naomi Watts, Anna Friel, Philip Glenister, Pauline Collins, Celia Imrie, Roger Ashton-Griffiths. It was distributed by Sony Pictures Classics.

## Other websites
*
Labyrinth of Passion

***Labyrinth of Passion*** () is a 1982 Spanish comedy movie directed by Pedro Almodóvar and starring Cecilia Roth, Imanol Arias, Helga Liné, Marta Fernández Muro, Antonio Banderas.

## Other websites
*
Sravani Kondapalli

**Sravani Kondapalli** was a Telugu television actress. In her eight-year-long career, she appeared in TV shows such as *Manasu Mamata* and *Mounaragam*.

## Death 
On 08 September 2020, Sravani was found dead at her home in Hyderabad. Her death was reported to have been a suicide by hanging. She was 26.

## References
Rodney Litchfield

**Rodney Litchfield** (1939 – 5 September 2020) was an English actor. He was born in Wigan, Lancashire. His career began in 1983. He was known for his role was Wilfred Morton in the television series *Coronation Street*. He also played Tommy in *Early Doors*.

He also appeared in shows like *Juliet Bravo*, *A Touch of Frost*, *Cracker*, *Hetty Wainthropp Investigates*, *Heartbeat*, and ''Peter Kay's Phoenix Nights''.

Litchfield died on 5 September 2020, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
Stripe-backed weasel

The **stripe-backed weasel** (*Mustela strigidorsa*) is a species of weasel. It is also called the **back-striped weasel**. It is native to Southeastern Asia. It is a least concern species.

## References