open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rhode Island's 3rd congressional district

'''Rhode Island's 3rd congressional district''' is a United States congressional district that is no longer in use. It was active from 1913 until 1933. It used to cover Providence and most of its inner suburbs. It was eliminated after the 1930 census and split between the 1st and 2nd districts.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
Chris Deluzio

**Christopher Raphael Deluzio** (born July 13, 1984) is an American attorney, politician, and former U.S. Navy officer. He has been the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district since 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Chris Deluzio official U.S. House website
* Chris Deluzio for Congress campaign website

*
Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district''' was a district including the city of Pittsburgh and parts of surrounding suburbs. Also a major part of the district was a number of middle class suburbs. The district became not in use following the 2020 United States census. It was largely replaced by Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district.

## References
Aspinwall, Pennsylvania

**Aspinwall** is a borough on the Allegheny River in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 2,916 at the 2020 census.

## References
Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district''' is located in southwestern Pennsylvania, including Pittsburgh and much of Allegheny County, as well as some of Westmoreland County. Since January 3, 2023, it has been represented by Summer Lee.

## References
Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's first congressional district''' includes all of Bucks County and a sliver of Montgomery County in southeastern Pennsylvania. It has been represented by Brian Fitzpatrick since 2019.

## References
Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)

**Brian Kevin Fitzpatrick** (born December 17, 1973) is an American politician, attorney, and former FBI agent. He has been the U.S. representative from Pennsylvania since 2017. He is a moderate Republican. He won re-election to a fifth term in 2024. Fitzpatrick represents the wealthiest congressional district in the state of Pennsylvania.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Congressman Brian Fitzpatrick official U.S. House website
* Brian Fitzpatrick for Congress official campaign website
* 
*
Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district''' is located in the northeastern region of the state. It makes up of all of Wayne, Pike, and Lackawanna Counties; along with portions of Luzerne and Monroe counties. 

## References
Dallas Township, Pennsylvania

**Dallas Township** is a township in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 9,124 at the 2020 census.

## References
Rob Bresnahan

**Robert Paul Bresnahan Jr.** ( ; born April 22, 1990) is an American businessman and politician who has been the United States representative for Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district since 2025. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## References
## Other websites
* Campaign website
*
Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district''' is located in the southwestern part of the state and includes all of Fayette County, Greene County, and Washington County, and most of Indiana, Westmoreland, and Somerset counties. It is represented by Republican Guy Reschenthaler.

## References
Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district''' is located in Northwestern Pennsylvania. It contains all of Erie County, Crawford County, Mercer County, Lawrence County, Butler County, and parts of Venango County. 

The district is represented by Republican Mike Kelly.

## References
Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's third congressional district''' includes several areas of the city of Philadelphia, including West Philadelphia, most of Center City, and parts of North Philadelphia. It has been represented by Democrat Dwight Evans since 2019. 

## References
Dwight Evans (politician)

**Dwight Evans** (born May 16, 1954) is an American Democratic politician who has been a U.S. representative from Pennsylvania since 2016.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Dwight Evans official U.S. House website
* Dwight Evans for Congress  official campaign website

* 
* Pennsylvania House of Representatives – Dwight Evans  official PA House website (1981–2016)
SiGMA Group

**SiGMA Group** is a global events and media company. It works with online and offline gaming, new technology, and affiliate marketing. SiGMA operates in three main areas: business-to-business (events, news, affiliate marketing, training, and investment), business-to-consumer (poker tournaments and affiliate activities), and business-to-government (consulting and funding). The company is one of the biggest Malta firms and strongly influences Malta's economy by organizing major events like SiGMA Malta and SiGMA Europe. It will start its largest event in Rome since 2025.

SiGMA Group was founded by Eman Pulis in 2011 and held its first event in Malta in 2014. Since then, SiGMA has grown internationally, organizing events in Dubai, the Americas, and Asia. It has also expanded by acquiring businesses like Brazil iGaming Summit and investing in Affiliate World Conferences. In 2024, SiGMA launched a technology center in India to expand its tech resources.

## References
Badoo

**Badoo** is an online dating and social networking app. It was started by Andrey Andreev in 2006 as a website. The company's main office is in London. In 2012, the app was launched in the United States. Later, it became a part of Bumble Inc.

As of 2025, Badoo works in 190 countries and is available in 47 languages. It is the most widely used dating network in the world. Users can access Badoo through iOS, Android, Google Play, and the internet. Badoo uses a "freemium" model, which means the basic services are free, but extra features may cost money.

## History 
The idea for the website came from Andrey Andreev, who started it in November 2006. Its headquarters are in London.

In January 2008, the investment company FINAM invested $30 million in Badoo, buying 10% of its shares. They wanted to grow the dating market in Russia. By 2009, FINAM owned 20% of Badoo, after investing another $50 million. In November 2010, Forbes magazine reported rumors that Badoo might offer its shares to the public (IPO) in 2011.

By September 2011, Badoo said it had more than 125 million registered users. Their website stated they had over 200 employees worldwide. In 2019, Andreev sold control of the company and stepped down as CEO. Whitney Wolfe Herd, the founder of Bumble, replaced him as CEO of MagicLab.

## References
Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's second congressional district''' includes all of Northeast Philadelphia and parts of North Philadelphia east of Broad Street, as well as Center City and parts of Philadelphia's River Wards. It has been represented by Democrat Brendan Boyle since 2019.

## References
Brendan Boyle

**Brendan Francis Boyle** (born February 6, 1977) is an American Democratic politician who has been a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing a district in the Philadelphia area since 2015. Since January 2023, he has been a Ranking Member of United States House Committee on the Budget.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Brendan Boyle official U.S. House website
* Brendan Boyle for Congress

*
Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district

The **13th congressional district of Pennsylvania** is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The district has all of Adams, Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Juniata, Mifflin, and Perry counties. It also includes slivers of Cumberland and Somerset counties. Republican John Joyce has represented the district since 2019.

## References
Michigan's 6th congressional district

'''Michigan's 6th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in southeast Michigan. In 2022, the district was redrawn to be mainly around Ann Arbor and Washtenaw County, as well as western and southern Wayne County, a small part of southwestern Oakland County, and the city of Milan in Monroe County. 

The district is currently represented by Democrat Debbie Dingell, who represented the old 12th district before.

## References
Allyson Schwartz

**Allyson Schwartz** (née **Young**; born October 3, 1948) is an American Democratic Party politician. She was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 2005 to 2015. She unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. Senate in 2000 and for Governor of Pennsylvania in 2014. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Suzanne Bonamici

**Suzanne Marie Bonamici** ( ; born October 14, 1954) is an American lawyer and politician. She has been the U.S. representative for Oregon's 1st congressional district since 2012. She is a Democrat. Bonamici represented the 17th district in the Oregon State Senate from 2008 to 2011. She was first elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 2006.

## References
## Other websites
* Congresswoman Suzanne Bonamici official U.S. House website
* Suzanne Bonamici for Congress

*
Howard, Pennsylvania

**Howard** is a borough in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 687 at the 2020 census.

## References
Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district''' has been located in western and central Pennsylvania since 2019. 

Since 2023, the district includes all of Armstrong, Cameron, Centre, Clarion, Clearfield, Clinton, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, Snyder, Tioga, Union, and Warren counties and parts of Indiana, Lycoming, and Venango counties.

## References
Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's fifth congressional district''' that is made up of all Delaware County, parts of Chester County, a small part of southern Montgomery County and a section of southern Philadelphia. Democrat Mary Gay Scanlon represents the district.

## References
Glenn Thompson (politician)

**Glenn William** "**GT**" **Thompson Jr.** (born July 27, 1959) is an American politician who has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania since 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. Since 2023, he has chaired the House Agriculture Committee. Thompson became the dean of the Pennsylvania's Congressional delegation in 2025 following the defeat of Senator Bob Casey Jr.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Congressman Glenn Thompson  official U.S. House website
* Friends of Glenn Thompson  campaign website
* 
*
Mary Gay Scanlon

**Mary Gay Scanlon** (born August 30, 1959) is an American attorney and politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives since 2018.

Scanlon was born in Syracuse, New York. 

## References
## Other websites
* Congresswoman Mary Gay Scanlon official U.S. House website
* Mary Gay Scanlon for Congress official campaign website

*
Lower Macungie Township, Pennsylvania

**Lower Macungie Township** is a township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township's population was 32,426 as of the 2020 census.

## References
Ryan Mackenzie

**Ryan Edward Mackenzie** (born August 3, 1982) is an American politician who has been the U.S. representative from Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district since 2025. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 2012 to 2024.

Mackenzie was elected to represent Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district in 2024 after beating incumbent Susan Wild.

## References
## Other websites
*Campaign website 

*
*State Representative Ryan Mackenzie: official caucus site
*Ryan Mackenzie (R) : official PA House site
Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district

'''Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district''' includes all of Carbon, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties, and parts of Monroe County. It has been represented by Republican Ryan Mackenzie since 2025.

## References
Montana Legislature

The **Montana State Legislature** is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Montana. It is composed of the 100-member Montana House of Representatives and the 50-member Montana Senate.

## References
Oregon's 3rd congressional district

'''Oregon's 3rd congressional district''' covers most of Multnomah County, including Gresham, Troutdale, and most of Portland.

The district has been represented by Democrat Maxine Dexter since 2025. 

## References
Susan Wild

**Susan Wild** (née **Ellis**; born June 7, 1957) is an American lawyer and former politician. She is a Democrat. She represented  in the United States House of Representatives from January 2018 to January 2025. She lost her re-election to Republican Ryan Mackenzie in 2024. She as the first woman to represent the Lehigh Valley in Congress. In 1976, Wild volunteered to work for Jimmy Carter's presidential campaign.

## References
## Other websites
* Congresswoman Susan Wild  official U.S. House website
* Susan Wild for Congress official campaign website

*
PrimeTel

**PrimeTel PLC** is a telecommunications company based in Cyprus. It provides voice, data, and video services.

The company operates an advanced broadband network covering all of Cyprus. It also maintains international connections in Germany, Greece, Russia, and the United Kingdom. PrimeTel offers city-to-city connections, data communication services, fiber-optic networks, and IP services across Europe and the Middle East.  

PrimeTel is one of the few companies in the region offering a full range of telecommunications services. It was the first company in Cyprus to operate as a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO).

## References
John Joyce (American politician)

**John Patrick Joyce** (born February 8, 1957) is an American dermatologist and politician. He is the U.S. representative for , serving since 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman John Joyce official U.S. House website
*John Joyce for Congress

*
Anders Arborelius

**Lars Anders Cardinal Arborelius**  (; born 24 September 1949) is a senior-ranking Swedish Catholic prelate. He has been the Bishop of Stockholm since 1998. Pope Francis made him a cardinal, the first ever from Scandinavia, in 2017.

He is a member of the Discalced Carmelites. He is thought to be a candidate in the upcoming 2025 papal conclave.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tilman Fertitta

**Tilman Joseph Fertitta** (born June 25, 1957) is an American businessman, television personality and politician. He has been the United States ambassador to Italy and San Marino since May 2025. He is the chairman, CEO, and owner of Landry's, Inc. He also owns the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s Houston Rockets. 

## Career
His net worth was estimated at $10.7 billion. He is placed at No. 248 on the Forbes 400 list. *Forbes* calls him the "World's Richest Restaurateur.”

Fertitta appeared on the reality television series *Billion Dollar Buyer* on CNBC. Fertitta has been the chairman of the board of regents of the University of Houston System since 2009.

### U.S. Ambassador to Italy
In December 2024, then President-elect Donald Trump announced his plans to nominate Fertitta as the United States ambassador to Italy and San Marino. The United States Senate confirmed Fertitta's nomination on April 29, 2025 in a 83–14 vote. He presented his credentials to President Sergio Mattarella on May 6, 2025.

## References
## Other websites
* Landrys official website
KAJ (group)

**KAJ** are a Swedish-speaking Finnish music and comedy group from Vörå, Ostrobothnia in Finland. The group are part of the Finland-Swedish cultural and mainly perform in Swedish with lyrics in the Vörå dialect. The group consists of Kevin Holmström, Axel Åhman and Jakob Norrgård. The group represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with the song "".

## Background
Axel Åhman and Jakob Norrgård became close friends when they first met in Vörå through football. Kevin Holmström got to know Axel adter they met at a motocross track in Röukas, where they helped to push Axel's stalled Suzuki out of the woods. Kevin and Jakob first met at a school disco in Maxmo, where they both had Axel as a mutual friend. The group  then later attended the same school where they strengthened their friendship and eventually formed the group in 2009.

## Career
The group released their debut studio album, *Professionella pjasalappar*, on 30 June 2012. Their second studio album, *Lokalproducerat pjas*, was released on 27 September 2014 and includes the singles "Heimani i skick" and "Jåo nåo e ja jåo YOLO ja nåo". Their third studio album, *Kom ti byin*, was released on 9 October 2016 and includes the singles "Pa to ta na kako?" and "Taco hej (me gusta)". Their fourth studio album, *Gambämark*, was released on 14 September 2018. Their fifth studio album, *Born to Börn*, was released on 14 June 2019 under the name **Vörjeans**. The album includes the single "Volvoräägör". Their sixth studio album, *Botnia Paradise*, was released on 10 December 2021. Their seventh studio album, *Karar i arbeit*, was released on 10 May 2024. The album peaked at number 32 on the Finnish Albums Chart. The album includes the singles "Firmans man" and "Dansgolv". In November 2024, the group were announced as one of the participants of Melodifestivalen 2025 with the song "". The group competed in the fourth heat on 22 February 2025 in Malmö and qualified directly to the final on 8 March. In the Final the group won finishing with 164 points, they finished second with the Jury and won the public vote, thus becoming the Swedish representative for the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 in Basel. They released their debut compilation album, *Sauna Collection*, on 16 May 2025 and peaked at number one on the Finnish Albums Chart. The album includes their Eurovision 2025 song "". On 17 May 2025, Kaj finished in 4th place at Eurovision.

## Members
*  (born 12 December 1993)
*  (born 6 February 1993)
*  (born 22 March 1993)

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Live albums
### Compilation albums
### Singles
## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Beverly Hills Cop: Axel F

***Beverly Hills Cop: Axel F*** is a 2024 American action comedy movie directed by Mark Molloy and starring Eddie Murphy, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Taylour Paige, Judge Reinhold, John Ashton, Paul Reiser, Bronson Pinchot, Kevin Bacon, Mark Pellegrino, Nasim Pedrad. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
*
The United States of America (band)

**The United States of America** is an American experimental rock band founded in Los Angeles in 1967.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *The United States of America* (1968)
Isotopologue

An **isotopologue** is a version of a molecule that contains specific isotopes of the elements in it.

## Examples 
Heavy water is an isotopologue of water. They have the same chemical formula, , but with different isotopes of hydrogen. Heavy water contains deuterium, with one proton and one neutron, which is heavier than the normal hydrogen-1 isotope in "light" water, which only has a proton.

Heavy water is an example of a deuterated solvent. A deuterated solvent is an isotopologue of some solvent, like ethanol or hexane, where every hydrogen atom is the deuterium isotope. Deuterated solvents are used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

## Sources
Gonna Fly Now

"**Gonna Fly Now**", also known as "'*Theme from *Rocky'''*", is the theme song from the 1976 film *Rocky'', composed by Bill Conti with lyrics by Carol Connors and Ayn Robbins, and performed by DeEtta West and Nelson Pigford. It was released as the single in February 1977.

## Composition
Sheet music for "Gonna Fly Now" shows the key of A minor with a tempo of 96 beats per minute in common time.

## References
Spice Money

**Spice Money** is a rural financial services company based in Noida, India. It was founded in 2000 by Dilip Modi and is a subsidiary of DiGiSPICE Technologies. The company offers services such as money transfers, cash deposits, bank account opening, bill payments, and mini ATMs. It works with local agents called "Adhikaris" to provide banking services. As of 2024, it had 1.4 million Adhikaris.

## History 
Spice Money started as a digital wallet under the name Spice Digital Limited. It later expanded into ticketing, bill payments, banking services, and micro ATMs.  

In 2015, it received RBI approval to operate as a prepaid payment instrument. In 2017, it launched micro ATMs and bill payment services, followed by a mobile POS (mPOS) service in 2018, earning an award from the NPCI. In 2018, it also received a license from the Reserve Bank of India to operate as a Bharat Bill Payment Operating Unit (BBPOU).

## References
Netcore Cloud

**Netcore Cloud** is a global marketing technology company that uses AI to help businesses engage with their customers. It is based in Mumbai, India, and works in over 40 countries, serving more than 6,500 brands in areas like e-commerce, retail, banking, media, entertainment, and travel.

## History 
Netcore Cloud was started on December 9, 1997, by Rajesh Jain in Mumbai, India.

In 1997, Netcore began by offering email, collaboration, and storage services using Linux. In 2006, it launched an SMS marketing platform called MOBILITY SMS SOLUTION. In 2009, it introduced India’s first professional email marketing platform.

Between 2016 and 2017, Netcore expanded internationally to Southeast Asia, Africa, and the USA, and updated its brand image. In 2019, it added analytics, chatbots, AI, and machine learning to its services. That same year, it bought a company called Boxx.ai for around $500,000.

In 2020, Netcore bought Quinto.ai and Hansel.io (amounts not made public). In March 2022, it acquired Unbxd.ai for about $100 million.

## References
Mygate

**Mygate** is an app made to help manage security and community life in apartment societies. It started in 2016 and, by November 2021, said it was working with more than 25,000 housing societies in 27 cities in India. Mygate is owned by a company called Vivish Technologies, which is based in Bangalore.

## History 
The Mygate app was launched in Bangalore in June 2016 by Vijay Arisetty, Abhishek Kumar, Shreyans Daga, and Vivaik Bhardwaj. It is run by Vivish Technologies, which is also in Bangalore. The company got its first funding in 2018, receiving $2.5 million from Prime Venture, and opened offices in seven cities. By 2023, the app was used by 3.5 million households in 25,000 societies.

In June 2021, the company launched "Mygate Homes," a feature in the app that helps users buy, sell, or rent property. Later, it added more services like rental agreements, legal help, and property management. In August, the company also started a share buyback program worth up to 372 million rupees. In 2021, Mygate entered the community shopping market by launching "Mygate Exclusives" in the app, offering selected home and daily-use products.

## References
Khwaja Abdul Hamied

**Khwaja Abdul Hamied** FCS, FRIC (October 31, 1898 – June 23, 1972) was an Indian industrial and pharmaceutical chemist. He founded Cipla, India’s oldest pharmaceutical company, in 1935. His son, Yusuf Hamied, led the company for the next 52 years.

Khwaja Abdul Hamied was involved in India’s independence movement and supported inclusive nationalism.

## Early Life and Background 
Hamied was born in Aligarh to Khwaja Abdul Ali, a lawyer, and Masood Jahan Begum. His father’s family came from the Sufi saint Khwaja Ahrar of Iran (now in Uzbekistan), and his mother’s family included Shah Shuja, the last Durrani king of Afghanistan. He was the grand-nephew of the reformer Sayyid Ahmad Khan, and also related to Khwaja Muhammad Yusuf and Abdul Majeed Khwaja.

Hamied died in 1972 after a brief illness.

## References
Montana House of Representatives

The **Montana House of Representatives** is, with the Montana Senate, one of the two houses of the Montana Legislature. It is made up of 100 members. The House elects its leadership every two years.

## References
Montana Senate

The **Montana Senate** is the upper house of the Montana Legislature, the state legislative branch of the U.S. state of Montana. It is made up of 50 senators elected for four years. Half of the Senate is up for election every two years.

## References
Multiracial Americans

**Multiracial Americans**, also known as **mixed-race Americans**, are Americans who have mixed ancestry of two or more races. It may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially.

In the 2020 United States census, 33.8 million people or 10.2% of the population, saw themselves as multiracial. 

## References
Islam in the United States

Islam is the third-largest religion in the United States (1.34%) after Christianity (67%) and Judaism (2.4%). 

The 2020 United States Religion Census found that there are about 4,453,908 Muslim Americans of all ages living in the United States in 2020, making up 1.34% of the total U.S. population. 

In 2017, twenty states, mostly in the South and Midwest, found that Islam to be the largest non-Christian religion.

## References
Niyi Adebayo

**Niyi Adebayo** (born on 11 November 1972) is a Nigerian Pentecostal preacher. He is the founder and General Overseer of True Worshippers Revival Global Ministry and the Executive director of De Zoe GMO school.

In 2010, ex-Governor Alao-Akala awarded him Excellence in Community Service for his leadership, advocacy, and achievement in community service.

## Educations
Niyi Adebayo (born in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, in 1972) is from Pontela Akinola Village, Ogbomoso. He had his secondary education at Ogbomoso Grammar School and thereafter pursued his  studies at the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) in Lagos, Olabisi Onabanjo University through CTS, Ibadan.

Adebayo made an impact with his initiative, JESUS MARKET. By providing affordable products and services, such as foodstuffs, stationery, and clothing, he has helped cushion the effects of economic hardship. 

In 2022, Founder of Mount Zion Movies and Films Ministry Pastor Mike Bamiloye agreed to a Viral post shared by Pastor Niyi Adebayo, the lead Pastor of True Worshippers Church pertaining to the fact that “no pastor knows it all”.

In 2024, He was awarded the JOM Charity Awards for his contribution to humanity. 

In 2025, He made a controversial statement in support of the president Bola Tinubu for suspending the governor of River State Simi Fubara.

## References
Casaletto Ceredano

**Casaletto Ceredano** is a *comune* in the Province of Cremona in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## References
Recologne

**Recologne** is the name of three communes in France:
* Recologne, Doubs
* Recologne, Haute-Saône
* Recologne-lès-Rioz, in Haute-Saône
Rignovelle

**Rignovelle** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.

## References
Nobita Nobi

**Nobita Nobi** (*野比 のび太, Nobi Nobita*), also known as Noby Nobi in the US dub is one of the main characters from the Japanese multi-media franchise, Doraemon, he is a 10-year-old boy who was once a regular elementary school student, until Doraemon was sent to the past to change Nobita's terrible future being married to Jaiko Gouda (Takeshi Gouda/Gian's sister). (or in the 1973 series, help Nobita with his extremely unlucky life.)

He (along with Doraemon) is considered to be one of the most popular characters in the franchise, however he has been heavily criticized (in countries such as India and Pakistan) for being a harmful role model to kids due to his behavior.

Johnny Yong Bosch voices him in the 2014 english dub of Doraemon

## Personality 
he is depicted as a lazy boy who is not good at anything, he dislikes reading books (except for manga).

despite being lazy, he has a good heart and is always willing to help others everytime they need help, this is seen in every episode of Doraemon.

## in other media 
During the years of 2011 to 2016, the Japanese actor Satoshi Tsumabuki played a older version of Nobita in a series of Toyota ads depicting the human Doraemon characters as adults.

He has also appeared in various educational manga along with other characters from the series.

## References
Uday Kotak

**Uday Suresh Kotak** (born 15 March 1959) is an Indian banker and billionaire. He founded Kotak Mahindra Bank and now serves as its non-executive director. He stepped down as CEO in September 2023 and passed the role of digital banking head to his son, Jay Kotak.

In the early 1980s, when India had a closed and slow-growing economy, Kotak turned down a well-paid job at a multinational corporation and started his own business. Over the years, he expanded into many financial services areas, including bill discounting, stockbroking, investment banking, car loans, life insurance, and mutual funds.

In March 2003, Kotak Mahindra Finance became the first Indian company to receive a banking license from the Reserve Bank of India. In 2006, Kotak ended a 14-year partnership with Goldman Sachs, buying their 25% share in two of his firms for $72 million.

As of April 2021, Bloomberg estimated his wealth at $14.8 billion.

## References
Shein (clothing brand)

**Shein** is a global e-commerce platform specializing in fast fashion. Founded in Nanjing, China, in October 2008, the company is currently headquartered in Singapore.

## References
Babymonster

**Babymonster** (, stylized in uppercase letters) is a South Korean girl group made by YG Entertainment. The group is made up of seven members: Ahyeon, Asa, Chiquita, Pharita, Rora, Ruka, and Rami. Their single, *Sheesh*, was on *Billboard* for six weeks. 
## Name
The name of the group is made up of two words: "baby" and "monster". 
* The word "baby" in their name shows  and . 
* The word "monster" in their name shows they are also  at the same time.

Their fans are called "Monstiez".

## Discography
### Studio albums
**Drip* (2024)

### Extended plays
**Babymons7er* (2024)

### Singles
**Batter Up* (2023)
**Stuck in the Middle* (2024)
**Sheesh* (2024)
**Forever* (2024)
**Clik Clak* (2024)
**Drip* (2024)

## Tours
*Hello Monsters World Tour (2025) 

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
Alsodes verrucosus

The **Olive spiny-chest frog**  (*Alsodes verrucosus*) is a frog.  It lives in Chile. Scientists think it may also live in Argentina.

## Home
Scientists saw this frog under logs and in other places with water in Nothofagus forest. Scientists have seen the frog between 500 and 1000 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog in one protected place: Puyehue National Park.

## Young
The tadpoles swim in deep, cold streams. They are most active at night.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out.  Human beings change the places where the frogs live to get wood to build with and make dams for electricity. In Argentina trout fish from other parts of the world might eat this frog or its young.

## First paper
*

## References
James Jeremiah Wadsworth

**James Jeremiah Wadsworth** (1905–1984) was an American politician and diplomat from New York.

## Early life 
Born in Groveland, New York, he came from a prominent political family. He was a descendant of William Wadsworth, a founder of Hartford, Connecticut. His great-grandfather was a Civil War general, and both his father and grandfather served in Congress. His maternal grandfather was U.S. Secretary of State John Hay. He attended Fay School, St. Mark's School, and Yale University, where he joined Skull and Bones.

## Career 
Wadsworth served in the New York State Assembly from 1932 to 1941. Unable to serve in World War II due to a leg injury, he supported the war effort working for Curtiss-Wright Corporation. He later helped draft Cold War civil defense plans and served as Deputy Chief and then U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations under President Eisenhower. From 1965 to 1970, he was a commissioner of the FCC. He later helped negotiate the charter for Intelsat, an international satellite organization.

## Personal life 
Wadsworth married Harty Griggs Tilton in 1927 and had a daughter, Alice. He died in Rochester, New York, in 1984 and was buried in Geneseo.

## Books 
*The Price of Peace (1961)
*The Glass House (1966)
*The Silver Spoon: An Autobiography (1980)
Bloomers

**Bloomers**, also called **the bloomer**, **Turkish dress**, **American dress**, or simply reform dress, are a style of loose-fitting pants made for women. Bloomers first began to be worn in the 19th century as a healthier and more comfortable alternative to the heavy, restrictive dresses commonly worn by American women at the time. The name "bloomers" comes from Amelia Bloomer, a well-known women's rights activist who made this style of pants popular.
## References 
*[Dann, Norman K. (2016). Ballots, Bloomers and Marmalade. The Life of Elizabeth Smith Miller. Hamilton, New York: Log Cabin Books. ISBN 9780997325102 ballots bloomers and marmalade]
*[Greig, Catherine Smith & Cynthia (2003). Women in pants: manly maidens, cowgirls, and other renegades. New York: H.N. Abrams. p. 28. ISBN 978-0810945715 women in pants]
Sunday Mondays

"**Sunday Mornings**" is a 1993 song by French singer-songwriter Vanessa Paradis and is the second single from her third studio album *Vanessa Paradis*. It went to number 49 in the United Kingdom, number 41 in France, number 51 in Germany and number 36 in the Netherlands. It was produced by Lenny Kravitz.

## Track listing
Eric Stough

**Eric Stough** (Born 1972) is an Amarican Animator, Producer and Voice actor and is mostly known for the Animation director for South Park and the inspiration for Butters Stotch South Park.

## References
Gasimov brothers

**Gasimov brothers** were the co-owners of the "**Gasimov Brothers and Co**" construction company. They built many of the buildings in Baku from the 1800s to 1900s. The brothers also built many monuments in Baku. They built the Saadat Palace, the New Europe Hotel, and the Mitrofanov Palace. The brothers also did charity work. 

## Houses built by brothers 
The Gasimov brothers built most of the houses of Musa Naghiyev. Naghiyev owned about 100 buildings in Baku. The Gasimov brothers also built the main building monuments in Baku. The list of main buildings built in Baku by these brothers:

*

## References
## Further reading 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Chanakyaniti

***Chanakyaniti*** (written 4th–3rd century BCE) is a collection of aphorisms written by Chanakya. Its first European translation was done in Greek language in the 19th century.

## References
## Further reading
*
But Without You

“**But Without You**” is a song by Italian-Indian singer Janalynn Castelino. The song was released on 21 March 2025.

## Release Background 
The song was recorded and written by Castelino in English, as a follow up to her previous release "Drama". The song’s lyrics is inspired by love and longing. A teaser was released to confirm the release date and title.

## Charts 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Music video on YouTube
Elizabeth George Speare

**Elizabeth George Speare** (November 21, 1908 – November 15, 1994) was an American writer of children's historical fiction. She wrote two books that won the Newbery Medal, which is an award for children's literature. In 1989, she was given the Children's Literature Legacy Award for her contributions to American children's literature. She is one of the Educational Paperback Association's top 100 authors.

## Works
**Calico Captive* (1957)
**The Witch of Blackbird Pond* (1958) – Newbery Medal
**The Bronze Bow* (1961) – Newbery Medal
**Life in Colonial America* (1963)
**The Prospering* (1966)
**The Sign of the Beaver* (1983) – Newbery Honor

## References
Party Till I Die

***Party Till I Die*** is an 2024 Indian Hindi-language romance drama television series starring Avneet Kaur and Vishal Jethwa. The series premiered on 24 December 2024 on Amazon MX Player.

## Cast 
* Avneet Kaur
* Vishal Jethwa
* Binita Budathoki
* Sanya Sagar
* Shalaka Aapte
* Ansh Pandey
* Yatin Mehta
* Manav Soneji

## Production 
The series was announced on Amazon MX Player. The trailer of the series was released on 20 December 2024.

## Release 
The series was made available to stream on Amazon MX Player on 24 December 2024.

## Reception 
A critic from *ABP News* and *Punjab Kesari* reviewed the series.

## Awards and nominations 
## Other websites 
* 
* *Party Till I Die* on Amazon Prime Video

## References
Kiteretsu Daihyakka

**Kiteretsu Daihyakka** (キテレツ大百科), also known as **Kiteretsu: El Primo mas listo de Nobita** (English name: Kiteretsu - Nobita's smarter cousin in spain) or Kiteretsu Encyclopedia in english is a Japanese children's TV show from 1988, it was based off a manga by Fujiko Fujio (Fujimoto only).

it ran from 1988 until 1996 with a total of 331 episodes.

## Premise 
It is about the adventures of Eiichi Kite, a boy who built a robot named Korosuke to be his companion.

## Characters 
**Eiichi Kite**

The main protagonist, he is a 11 year-old 5th grader who lives in Tokyo, Japan and he is one of the smartest kids in the area, he is also known by the nickname, "Kiteretsu".

**Korosuke**

a lazy robot who was created by Kiteretsu, he was designed by Kiteretsu-Saisama and is supposed to resemble a Samurai.

**Miyoko Nonohara**

Eiichi's love interest, she looks similar to Michiko Sawada from the Perman series.

**Kōji Tongari**

He gets easily frightened by things, and is a friend of Kiteretsu, he also has a similar resemblance to Suneo from the Doraemon series due having a fox-shaped face.

**Kumada Kaoru**

He used to be the main bully in the series, he also has the nickname "Buta Gorilla", however as the series progressed; his behavior changed and he became a comic relief character.

## Related pages 
* Doraemon
* Fujiko Fujio

## References
Margaret Mahy

**Margaret Mahy**  (21 March 1936 – 23 July 2012) was a New Zealand author of children's and young adult books. Many of her books have strong supernatural elements. Her books focus on the themes of human relationships and growing up. She wrote more than 100 picture books, 40 novels and 20 collections of short stories. Before she died, she was one of thirty writers to win the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award.

Mahy won the annual Carnegie Medal twice. The medal recognises the year's best children's book by a British subject. She won it for both *The Haunting* (1982) and *The Changeover* (1984). She was also a runner up for *Memory* (1987).

Her children's books *A Lion in the Meadow*, *The Seven Chinese Brothers* and *The Man Whose Mother was a Pirate* are considered national classics in New Zealand. Her novels have been translated into Te Reo Māori, German, French, Spanish, Dutch, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, Italian, Japanese, Catalan, and Afrikaans. Some of her stories have been translated into Russian, Chinese, and Icelandic.

The Margaret Mahy Playground in the Christchurch Central City is named after her.

## References
Jean Lee Latham

**Jean Lee Latham** (April 19, 1902 &ndash; June 13, 1995) was an American writer. She wrote biographies for children or young adults.

## Biography
Jean Lee Latham was born in Buckhannon, West Virginia. She went to West Virginia Wesleyan College and received an A.B. in 1925. She also attended Ithaca Conservatory. She got her masters degree from Cornell University in 1930. While in Wesleyan College, she wrote plays. In Ithaca, she taught English, history, and making plays. She continued teaching in Ithaca after she finished studying at Cornell. 

Her first book for children was *The Story of Eli Whitney*. Her book *Carry On, Mr. Bowditch* won the Newbery Medal in 1956.

Latham's papers are in the University of Minnesota Libraries collection.

## Awards
* Newbery Medal, 1956

## References
Catholic Theological Union

**Catholic Theological Union** (**CTU**) is a Catholic graduate school of theology in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was formed in Hyde Park when three Catholic religious institutes merged together. It is one of the largest Catholic graduate schools of theology in the English-speaking world.

## References
Order of Saint Augustine

The **Order of Saint Augustine** is a mendicant religious order  of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1244 after groups of eremitical in the Tuscany region who were following the Rule of Saint Augustine, written by Augustine of Hippo in the fifth century. 

In the 2025 papal conclave, Leo XIV was elected as the first pope from the Order of Saint Augustine.

## References
JJ (singer)

**Johannes Pietsch** (born 29 April 2001), known professionally as **JJ**, is a Austrian singer and songwriter. He won the Eurovision Song Contest 2025, representing Austria with the song "".

## Biography
Pietsch was born on 29 April 2001 in Vienna, Austria to an Austrian IT specialist and a Filipino cook. He grew up in Dubai, where he was first introduced to Pop music at Karaoke parties with his family and Opera music through his father. In 2016, he and his family returned to Austria. Pietsch can speak German, English, French and Tagalog. In an interview he said that he was queer.

## Career
In 2020, Pietsch took part in the ninth series of *The Voice UK*, after he missed the deadline for *The Voice of Germany*. During his blind audition which took place on 25 January, he performed the song "The Sound of Music", he joined team will.i.am. On 22 February, he won the battle round, he competed against Evergreen performing the song "Songbird". He made it through to the Knockout round which took place on 21 March, where he was eliminated before the live shows. On 30 January 2025, JJ was announced as the Austrian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 during a radio show. His song for Eurovision, "", was released on 6 March 2025, the song was written by JJ, Teodora Špirić, who represented Austria at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 and Thomas Thurner. On 17 May 2025, he won the Eurovision Song Contest with 436 points, he won the Jury with 258 points and finished 4th in the televote with 178 points.

## Discography
### Singles
## References
Seaborgium hexacarbonyl

**Seaborgium hexacarbonyl** is a chemical compound made of seaborgium, carbon, and oxygen. It is a coordination complex where carbonyl ligands are connected to the central seaborgium atom.

## Preparation 
Seaborgium hexacarbonyl is made similarly to molybdenum hexacarbonyl and tungsten hexacarbonyl, by reacting seaborgium atoms with carbon monoxide. The instability of seaborgium means that it cannot be made in large amounts.

## Sources
Nickel tetracarbonyl

**Nickel tetracarbonyl**, often called the simpler **nickel carbonyl**, is a chemical compound. It is made of nickel, carbon, and oxygen. It is a colorless volatile liquid.

Nickel tetracarbonyl is an important reaction intermediate in the Mond process used to make pure nickel metal.

Nickel carbonyl is very toxic.

## References
Alsodes pehuenche

The **Pehuenche spiny-chest frog**  (*Alsodes verrucosus*) is a frog.  It lives in Chile and Argentina.

## Home
The tadpoles and adults only live in or near streams that come from melted snow water. People see adult frogs in the forests right next to the streams and in high, watery meadows. The water in these places is clear with almost no acid and a lot of oxygen. Scientists have seen the frog between 2000 and 2500 meters above sea level.

## Young
The female frog lays eggs in balls with a jelly around them. Scientists say the eggs are hard to find. This animal spends four winters as a tadpole before growing legs and becoming a frog. Younger and older tadpoles live together in the same parts of the streams. The tadpoles grow during the summer, and stay under the ice during the winter.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out.  Human beings change the places where the frogs live, especially when people paved the Paso Pehuenche road.  The streams next to the road dried and disappeared.  People built puts to stop salt from the road from going into the streams, but then the frogs fell into the pits too.

Human beings change the places where the frog lives. Bad chemicals from cars and other vehicles, human beings' animals, garbage from human visitors, and floods can all kill this frog.  The animasl, for example cows and goats, step on the grass and pools.

Climate change could kill this frog by changing the water in the places where the frogs live. Because this animals spends a long time as a tadpole, any big change in the water could kill many of them at the same time.

Trout fish that people brought from other parts of the world can also hurt this frog. Scientists are not sure if the trout eat the tadpoles, the adult frogs, or both.

In Chile, the fungal disease chytridiomycosis has killed many frogs and other animals that lay eggs in water, and it might kill this frog too.

## First paper
*

## References
Second White Terror

, Marshal of the Empire, by a royalist mob in Avignon on 2 August 1815, engraved  1865]]
The **Second White Terror** occurred in France in 1815–1816, following the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815) and the enthronement of Louis XVIII as King of France after the Hundred Days. Suspected sympathizers of the French Revolution (including former Jacobins), Republicans, Bonapartists and, to a minor degree, Protestants, suffered persecution. Several hundred were killed by angry mobs or executed after a quick trial at a drumhead court-martial.

## References
Iron pentacarbonyl

of iron pentacarbonyl. The central blue ball is iron, the black balls are carbon, and the red balls are oxygen.]]

**Iron pentacarbonyl** is a chemical compound made of iron, copper, and oxygen. It is a coordination complex where five carbonyl ligands (CO) are connected to one iron atom (Fe). The chemical formula is .

## Preparation 
Iron pentacarbonyl is made by a chemical reaction between iron and carbon monoxide.

## Uses 
Heating iron pentacarbonyl breaks up the coordination complex, making very pure carbonyl iron.

## Safety 
Iron pentacarbonyl formation can erode pipes that contain syngas or other mixtures that have carbon monoxide.

Iron pentacarbonyl is toxic, but not as dangerous as the related nickel tetracarbonyl.

## References