open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
José María Setién

**José María Setién Alberro** (18 March 1928 – 10 July 2018) was a Spanish Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Hernani, Spain. He was auxiliary bishop of San Sebastián between 1972 and 1979, and bishop between 1979 and 2000.

In 2003, he was awarded by the Gold Medal of Guipúzcoa.

Setién died on 10 July 2018 after suffering a stroke in San Sebastián, Spain at aged 90.

## References
Dervish movement (Somali)

The **Dervish movement** (*Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqii Daraawiishta*) was a popular movement headquartered in Taleh between 1899 and 1920. It called for the expulsion of all foreign powers largely from the Khatumo region in the Horn of Africa. whilst its emir was the Salihiyya Sufi Muslim poet Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, also known as Sayyid Mohamed. He called for the removal of British and Italian colonies in Somalia, the defeat of Ethiopian forces, the expulsion of Christianity and the establishment of a Muslim Somali state.

## History
On 3 March 1905 Hassan, the so-called "Mad Mullah" declared himself *Sayyid* of Nogal (Nugaal valley) in the Khatumo region.  The territory coincided approximately with the actual Nugaal area in modern Khatumo State. It was ruled like a kind of sultanate on behalf of the Mahdi.

Hassan's rule was ended by Italy in 1911. After the collapse of Hassan’s resistance movement, rebellion and revolt occurred with disputes between different tribes in Northern Somalia.

The Italian government of Somalia again worked together with the old tribesmen in order to try and keep peace between the several tribes, while maintaining close control over the military.

Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (nicknamed the "Mad Mullah" by the British) escaped from the Khatumo region in 1920 to Imey Ethiopia, where he later died in 1921.

## Legacy 
The Dervish legacy mostly in Khatumo and to a lesser extent in Somalia has been influential. It was the "most important revivalist Islamic movements" in Somalia, state Hasan and Robleh. The movement, and particularly its leader, has been controversial in Somalia. Some cherish it as the founder of modern Somali nationalism. Others see it as an ambitious Muslim brotherhood militancy that destroyed Somalia's opportunity to move towards modernization and progress in favor of a puritanical Islamic state embedded with Islamic education. Its ideas are enshrined in the constitution of Somalia.

## Gallery

File:Taleh Castle.jpg|
File:Eyl Castle.jpg|
File:Dervish division.png|

## References
## Notes
## Related pages
* Somalia

## Other websites 
* Sultanates in northern Somalia 
* Mad Mullah
South London line

The **South London line** is an Inner London part of the London Overground rail network.  The line is run together with the East London line to provide direct services between  and Highbury & Islington.  The line is  long and there are eight stations. Most of the line is on a high viaduct over other transport infrastructure. There is an interchange with London Underground at . The line is in Travelcard Zone 2. A limited Windrush line service also terminate at **Battersea Park**. The  line was transferred there from Southern in December of 2012, and runs a new line between Surrey Quays and Queens Road Peckham and between Wandsworth Road and Clapham Junction, with the Battersea Park branch of the South London line converting to a limited service, with most passenger services being withdrawn. *Please refer some information between Wandsworth Road and Clapham Junction do not show.*
Increment

**Increment** or **incremental** may refer to:
*Incrementalism, a theory (also used in politics as a synonym for gradualism)
*Increment and decrement operators, the operators `++` and `--` in computer programming
*Incremental computing
*Incremental backup, which contain only that portion that has changed since the preceding backup copy.
*Increment, chess term for additional time a chess player receives on each move
*Incremental games
*Increment in rounding

## Other
*
James Dyson

**Sir James Dyson**  (born 2 May 1947) is a British inventor, industrial design engineer and founder of the Dyson company.  He is best known as the inventor of the Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner. His net worth is £7.8 billion.

He was the Provost of the Royal College of Art from August 2011 to July 2017.

## References
Surrey Quays railway station

**Surrey Quays** is a station on the East London line branch of the London Overground. It is just to the east of Bermondsey tube station (on the Jubilee line). 
## Background
It is located in Rotherhithe, which is part of London Borough of Southwark. It is in Travelcard Zone 2. 

## Adjacents 
The next station to the north is . To the south, it splits into two branches. One goes to  (next is Queens Road Peckham railway station) with the other going to New Cross, Crystal Palace and West Croydon (New Cross railway station and New Cross Gate railway station). Due to London Underground East London Line being closed in 2007 for ongoing refurbishment works, it re-opened on 27 April 2010 as part of the London Overground network.

## References
Canada Water station

**Canada Water** is a London Underground and London Overground station located in Rotherhithe in the London Borough of Southwark, south-east London, England. It takes its name from nearby Canada Water, a lake which was created from a former dock, Port of London. It is managed by **London Underground**, because this station and Whitechapel station is not managed by *London Overground*.

The station is served by the Jubilee line between  and Canary Wharf stations, and on the London Overground East London line between  and  stations. It provides a transport interchange point between the Underground and the Overground in Travelcard Zone 2.
San Marino (disambiguation)

**San Marino** is a European country completely surrounded by Italy.

**San Marino** may also refer to:
* Saint Marinus, the founder of the state San Marino
* San Marino City, the capital city of the Republic of San Marino
* San Marino (river), a river in the Italian peninsula
* Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, the circuit that hosts the San Marino Grand Prix
* San Marino, California, a city in Los Angeles County, United States
* San Marino Calcio, a former football club in the state San Marino
Aspach

**Aspach** is the name or part of the name of several places:

* Aspach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
* Aspach, Thuringia, Germany
* Aspach, Upper Austria, Austria
* Aspach, Moselle, in the Moselle department, France
* Aspach, Haut-Rhin, in the Haut-Rhin department, France
* Aspach-le-Bas, in the Haut-Rhin department
* Aspach-le-Haut, in the Haut-Rhin department

## Other 
* Asbach
Auenstein

**Auenstein** can mean:
* Auenstein, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Aargau
* Auenstein, a part of the municipality of Ilsfeld in the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
* Schloss Auenstein, a castle at Auenstein, Switzerland
Berne (disambiguation)

**Berne** can mean:

## Places 
* Berne (more commonly *Bern*), the capital of Switzerland
* Berne, Germany, a municipality in Lower Saxony
* Berne, Indiana
* Berne, New York

## People 
* Eric Berne, Canadian psychiatrist
Ellikon

**Ellikon** may refer to several places in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland:

* Ellikon an der Thur, a municipality
* Ellikon am Rhein in the municipality of Marthalen
Hinterrhein

**Hinterrhein** can refer to:

* Hinterrhein (river), a tributary of the Rhine
* Hinterrhein, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Graubünden
* Hinterrhein (district), a district in the canton of Graubünden
Oberblegisee

**Oberblegisee** is a lake in the canton of Glarus, Switzerland. It is above the municipality of Luchsingen and below the peaks of Glärnisch. The surface area is .

## Other websites 
*Oberblegisee  report on fishing in the lake
*&nbsp;
Towcester

**Towcester**, the Roman town of *Lactodorum*, is an affluent market town in south Northamptonshire, England.

The town is about  southwest of Northampton and about  northwest of Milton Keynes, the nearest main towns.

The name comes from the Latin for "Camp on the (river) Tove".

Towcester is famous for its racecourse. Many important national horse racing events are held there. Greyhound racing is also held at the same venue. In 2010 the World Hovercraft Championship was held on the racecourse.
 
Nearby is the Silverstone motor racing circuit, currently home to the British Grand Prix. In fiction the "Saracen's Head Inn" in Towcester features in Charles Dickens's novel *The Pickwick Papers* as one of Mr Pickwick's stopping places along what is now the A5 trunk road. 

## History
### Prehistoric and Roman periods
Towcester may be the oldest town in Northamptonshire. There are Iron Age finds in the town, so it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the country. There is evidence that it was settled by humans since the Mesolithic era (middle stone age). There is also evidence of Iron Age burials in the area.

In Roman Britain, Watling Street, now the A5 road, was built through the area. A garrison town called *Lactodurum* was built. Two candidate sites for the Battle of Watling Street, fought in 61 AD, are close to the town. 

### Saxon period and Medieval age
When the Romans left in the 5th century, the area was settled by Saxons. In the 9th century, Watling Street became the frontier between the kingdom of Wessex and the Danelaw, so Towcester became a frontier town. Edward the Elder fortified Towcester in 917. In the 11th century, the Normans built a motte and bailey castle on the site. Bury Mount are the remains of the fortification and is a scheduled ancient monument. It was renovated in 2008 with an access ramp added and explanatory plaques added.

## References
Sant'Antonino, Haute-Corse

'''Sant'Antonino''' () is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. It is one of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France.

## Population 
## References 
*INSEE commune file
Confederation of Government Employees Association Delhi

**Confederation of Government Employees Association Delhi (CGEAD)** is a government employees union recognized by Delhi government that represents employees serving under various departments of Delhi government.

## History  
CGEAD was established in the 1990s as a trades union and was recognized by Delhi government in 2018.

## Office bearers 
Ajay Veer Yadav serves as the General Secretary of Confederation of Government Employees Association Delhi (CGEAD). 

## References
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines

**Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines** is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. In 2015, 5,136 people lived there.

## Geography 
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is in the massif of the Vosges Mountains.

The valley of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is called the Val d'Argent. It has five municipalities: Aubure, Lièpvre, Rombach-le-Franc, and Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines.

## Localities 
Adelspach, Altenberg, Bourgonde, Brifosse, Clésio, la Côte d'Échéry, Échéry, Faunoux, Fenarupt, Fertrupt (Fordelbach), Haut de Faîte, la Haute Broque, le Haycot, Hergauchamps, Mongoutte, la Petite Lièpvre (Kleinleberau), le Petit Haut, le Rauenthal (le Fond-nu), Saint-Philippe, Saint-Pierre sur l'Hâte, Surlattes (Zillhardt).

## History 
Eddie Slovik, the only U.S. soldier of either World War I or World War II to be executed for desertion, suffered the fate by firing squad near the town on 31 January 1945.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References 
*INSEE commune file

## Other websites 
* Official website of the commune of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Everipedia

**Everipedia** () is a for-profit, wiki-based online encyclopedia founded in December 2014. The site was launched in 2015 as a fork of Wikipedia. The company is headquartered in Westwood, Los Angeles, California. In 2017, Everipedia was the largest English-language encyclopedia by number of pages.

On December 6, 2017, the company said they were going to start using EOS.IO blockchain technology and work on a cryptocurrency token called IQ to encourage generating information.

## Origins 
Everipedia was co-founded by Sam Kazemian, Theodor Forselius, Travis Moore, Mahbod Moghadam, and Christian Deciga. It started as a small project of Sam Kazemian and Theodor Forselius in Kazemian's college dormitory room at UCLA in December 2014. In December 2017, the site announced that co-founder of Wikipedia Larry Sanger had joined as chief information officer. On October 18, 2019, Sanger announced that he had resigned from his position at Everipedia and returned his stock holdings in Everipedia without compensation in order to establish the Knowledge Standards Foundation and develop the website Encyclosphere.

## Article development 
Anyone can contribute to a page by making an account. Everipedia allows users to create any page on anything as long as the content is cited

## Critical view 
Mistakes will inevitably be introduced into articles because Everipedia is a wiki, according to Moghadam in 2017 in *Paste*. The site has been criticized for presenting false information in wiki pages on breaking news topics.

## References 
## Other websites
Tom Osmond

**Thomas Rulon Osmond** (born October 26, 1947) is an American musician and activist. He was born in Ogden, Utah. He is known mostly as a non-performing member of the Osmond family. Osmond is the first deaf missionaries from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
 
His siblings are Alan, Wayne, Merrill, Jay, Donny, Marie and Jimmy.

Osmond worked for the United States Postal Service for 28 years before retiring in 2014.

On July 7, 2018, Osmond underwent a quadruple bypass surgery, but suffered complications and was placed under life-support.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Tom Osmond on Osmond family Official site
Lea Valley lines

The **Lea Valley lines** are two commuter lines and two branches in northeastern Greater London. 

## Background 
They run along the valley of the River Lea.  

## Services 
They were part of the Great Eastern Railway and they are now part of the *Anglia Route* of Network Rail. 

### Location 
It is located on a branding called **The Weaver line**.

## History 
On 31 May 2015, services from London Liverpool Street to Chingford, Cheshunt and Enfield Town were already transferred to London Overground.

## Greater Anglia 
Services between London Liverpool Street and Stratford via Tottenham Hale to Hertford East and Bishops Stortford remain with Greater Anglia.

## References
Liu Zhenhua

**Liu Zhenhua** (; 8 July 1921 – 11 July 2018) was a Chinese People's Liberation Army general (shang jiang) and politician. He was born in Tai'an, Shandong Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1938.

Liu fought in the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War and Korean War. He was a member of the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a delegate to the 8th National People's Congress. In 1964, he was promoted to major general. He was Ambassador of China to Albania from 1971 to 1976.

Liu died in Beijing on 11 July 2018 at the age of 97.

## References
Kulsoom Nawaz

**Begum Kulsoom Nawaz Sharif** (Urdu: بیگم كلثوم نواز شريف) (29 March 1948 – 11 September 2018) was a Pakistani politician. She was the First Lady of Pakistan three times; from 1990 to 1993, 1997 to 1999 and then from 2013 to 2017.

Kulsoom served as the President of Pakistan Muslim League-N (PML-N) from 1999 to 2002.

Nawaz was diagnosed with lymphoma in August 2017 and died in September 2018 at the age of 70.

## References
Braddock, Pennsylvania

**Braddock** is a borough in the eastern suburbs of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 10 miles (16&nbsp;km) from the Monongahela River. The population was 1,721 at the 2020 census. The town is named for General Edward Braddock (1695–1755). Current US Senator Democrat John Fetterman was mayor from 2005 to 2019.

## References
Shridath Ramphal

**Sir Shridath Surendranath "Sonny" Ramphal** (3 October 1928 &ndash; 30 August 2024) was a Guyanese politician and lawyer. He was the second Commonwealth Secretary-General, from 1975 to 1990. He was the Foreign Minister of Guyana, from 1972 to 1975, and Assistant Attorney General of the West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962.

## Career
Ramphal was an Earth Charter International Commission member.

He also was the Chancellor of the University of Warwick from 1989 to 2002, of the University of the West Indies from 1989 to 2003, and of the University of Guyana from 1990 to 1992.

With former Swedish Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson, in 1995, he was one of the co-chairs of the Commission on Global Governance, which reported on issues of international development, international security, globalization and global governance.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, at the age of 92, Ramphal was the first lawyer to appear virtually before the International Court of Justice, representing Guyana in a border dispute with Venezuela. They had four children.

Ramphal died on 30 August 2024, at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
**Transcript of the interview, part one
**Transcript of the interview, part two
*The Ramphal Institute - Official website for the continuation of the work of Sir Shridath Ramphal: promoting good governance, economic development and social justice around the world.
Emeka Anyaoku

Chief **Emeka Anyaoku**, GCVO, CFR, CON (born 18 January 1933) is a Nigerian politician. He was the third Commonwealth Secretary-General. He is also a vice-president of the Royal Commonwealth Society.

## Career 
Emeka Anyaoku joined the Commonwealth Development Corporation in 1959 and In early 1962, Anyaoku came in contact with Sir Abubakar Tafawa Belewa (Prime Minister of Nigeria)

## References
Commonwealth Secretary-General

The **Commonwealth Secretary-General** is the head of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the central body which has served the Commonwealth of Nations since its establishment in 1965. They are responsible for representing the Commonwealth publicly.

The Commonwealth Secretary-General should not be confused with the Head of the Commonwealth, who is currently Elizabeth II.

## List of Secretaries-General
## References
Arnold Smith

**Arnold Cantwell Smith** (January 18, 1915 &ndash; February 7, 1994) was a Canadian diplomat. He was the first Commonwealth Secretary-General, serving from 1965 to 1975.

In 1975 he was made a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour. In 1984, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for "a long and distinguished diplomatic career".

## Other websites
* Arnold Cantwell Smith at The Canadian Encyclopedia
Don McKinnon

**Sir Donald Charles McKinnon** (born 27 February 1939) is a New Zealand politician. He is a former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand. He was the Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 2000 until 2008.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Profile: Don McKinnon - BBC news
*The Global Panel Foundation
Kamalesh Sharma

**Kamalesh Sharma**, GCVO (born 30 September 1941) is an Indian diplomat. He was the 5th Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 2008 to 2016. He served as the High Commissioner for India in London.

## References
Patricia Scotland

**Patricia Janet Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal**  (born 19 August 1955) is an English politician and barrister. She served in ministerial positions within the UK Government, mainly as the  Attorney General for England and Wales and Advocate General for Northern Ireland. In 2015, she was elected the 6th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations and took office on 1 April 2016. She is the first woman to hold the post.

She is a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and Dominica.

## References
Commonwealth Chair-in-Office

The **Commonwealth Chair-in-Office (CIO)** is the chief executive and presiding officer of the Commonwealth of Nations, and is one of the main leadership positions in the Commonwealth.  It is held by the host chairperson of the previous Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), and is maintained until the next CHOGM.

## List of Chairs-in-Office
### Elizabeth II (1999–present)
## References
Darryl Rogers

**Darryl Dale Rogers** (May 28, 1935 – July 10, 2018) was an American football player and coach.  He served as the head coach at California State College at Hayward—now known as California State University, East Bay (1965), California State University, Fresno (1966–1972), San Jose State University (1973–1975), Michigan State University (1976–1979), and Arizona State University (1980–1984).

Rogers was then the head coach of the National Football League's Detroit Lions from 1985 to 1988, where his record was 18–40. In 1991, served as head coach of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL) coaching the Blue Bombers to a 9–9 record.

Rogers was born in Los Angeles, California. He studied at California State University, Fresno. Rogers died in Fresno, California on July 10, 2018 at the age of 83. 

## References
Lawrence Gonzi

**Lawrence Gonzi**  (born 1 July 1953) is a Maltese politician. He served for twenty-five years in Maltese politics.  Gonzi was Prime Minister of Malta from 2004 to 2013, and leader of the Nationalist Party. He also served as speaker of the House from 1988 to 1996, and Minister of Social Policy from 1998 to 2004, as well as Deputy Prime Minister from 1999 to 2004.

## References
Maithripala Sirisena

**Pallewatte Gamaralalage Maithripala Yapa Sirisena **  (; ; ; born 3 September 1951) is a Sri Lankan politician and the 7th President of Sri Lanka from January 2015 through November 2019. 

## Notes
## References
Joseph Muscat

**Joseph Muscat** (born January 22, 1974) is a Maltese politician. He was Prime Minister of Malta from 2013 through 2020. He is also the Leader of the *Partit Laburista* (PL) since June 2008. Muscat was re-elected as Prime Minister in 2017.

He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 to 2008. He was Leader of the Opposition from October 2008 to March 2013.

He has been seen as a controversial politician due to broken promises and corruption. His cabinet has been linked to the murder of journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia.

In December 2019, Muscat announced he would resign on January 12, 2020. He resigned on January 13, 2020.

## References
Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici

**Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici** (17 July 1933 – 5 November 2022) was a Maltese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Malta from December 1984 to May 1987. He is a member of the Labour Party.

In August 2022, Bonnici was hospitalized for a heart arrhythmia.

## References
Eddie Fenech Adami

**Edoardo** "**Eddie**" **Fenech Adami**  (born 7 February 1934) is a Maltese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996, and again from 1998 until 2004. He was the seventh President of Malta from 2004 to 2009. He is pro-European, Fenech Adami is the longest serving Maltese prime minister since Malta's independence, and was important for Malta being part of the European Union.

## References
Alfred Sant

**Alfred Sant**  (born 28 February 1948) is a Maltese politician and a novelist. He led the Labour Party from 1992 to 2008. He served as Prime Minister of Malta between 1996 and 1998 and as Leader of the Opposition from 1992 to 1996 and from 1998 to 2008.

## References
Prime Minister of Malta

The **Prime Minister of Malta** () is the Head of Government, which is the highest official of Malta. The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921.

## Appointment
The President of Malta, who heads the Executive branch, appoints the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister advises the President on the appointment of the other Ministers.

## Role
As minister in his own right the Prime Minister is responsible for a number of departments of government. The Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) has been based at the Auberge de Castille in Valletta since 1972, playing a central role in decision-making apart from being the administrative headquarters of the Government.

## Living former prime ministers
## References
Terry Todd

**Terry Todd** (December 31, 1937 – July 7, 2018) was an American powerlifter, and Olympic weightlifter. Todd was co-founder of the H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports, co-editor of Iron Game History: The Journal of Physical Culture, and creator and event director of the Arnold Strongman Classic.

Todd held a career as a journalist on the staff of Sports Illustrated magazine.

Todd died on July 7, 2018 in Austin, Texas at the age of 80.

## References
President of Malta

The **President of Malta** () is the head of state of Malta. The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five-year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution.

The President of Malta also resides directly or indirectly in all three branches of the state. They are part of Parliament and responsible for the appointment of the judiciary. They also help appoint the Prime Minister.

## List of presidents
;Status

## Living former heads of state
 there were four living former Maltese Heads of State:

## References
Ugo Mifsud Bonnici

**Ugo Mifsud Bonnici**, KUOM (born 8 November 1932) is a Maltese politician. He was the fifth President of Malta from 4 April 1994 until the same day in 1999.

## References
Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca

**Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca**, KUOM (born 7 December 1958) is a Maltese politician. She was the 9th President of Malta from April 2014 to April 2019. She served as a member of the Labour Party, she was a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Malta from 1998 to 2014, and served as the Minister of the Family and Social Solidarity from March 2013 to March 2014.

## References
George Abela

**George Abela** (born 22 April 1948) is a Maltese politician. He was President of Malta from April 2009 to April 2014. His son, Robert Abela, is the 14th Prime Minister of Malta.

## References
Qormi

**Qormi** ( ;  in the Qormi dialect), also known by its title **Città Pinto**, is a city in the Southern Region of Malta, located southwest of Valletta in the centre of the island. It has a population of 16,779 (as of March 2014), which makes it the fifth largest locality in Malta.

## References
Birgu

**Birgu** ( , ), also known by its title **Città Vittoriosa**, is an old city on the south side of the Grand Harbour in the South Eastern Region of Malta. In the 1950s, it was the *de-facto* capital city of Malta.

## Other websites
*
Cospicua

**Cospicua** ( ), also known by its titles **Città Cospicua** or **Civitas Cottonera**, is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta. With Birgu and Senglea, it is one of the Three Cities, located within the Grand Harbour to the east of the capital city Valletta. 

With a population of 5,395 as of March 2014, it is the most dense city of the Three Cities.

The Maltese name "Bormla" or *Burmula* comes from *Bir Mula* that means *[the] well of the Lord*.

## References
Three Cities

The **Three Cities** is a description of the three cities of Birgu, Senglea and Cospicua in Malta. The oldest of the Three Cities is Birgu, which has existed since the Middle Ages. The other two cities, Senglea and Cospicua, were both founded by the Order of Saint John in the 16th and 17th centuries. They are surrounded by the Cottonera Lines.

Together, the Three Cities have a total population of 10,808 people as of March 2014.

## References
Grand Harbour

The **Grand Harbour**, also known as the **Port of Valletta**, is a natural harbour on the island of Malta. It has been modified over the years with docks, wharves, and fortifications.

## References
Mdina

**Mdina** a city in the Northern Region of Malta. It served as the island's capital until the medieval period. The city is still build within its walls, and has a population of just under 300.

## References
Victoria, Gozo

**Victoria** (, meaning "the city Victoria"), also known among the native Maltese as **Rabat** (which is the name of the old town centre) or by its title **Città Victoria**, is the capital city of Gozo, the second largest island of Malta. The city has a total population of 6,901 (as of March 2014).

## References
Gozo

**Gozo** (; , , formerly **Gaulos**) is an island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of Malta. It is the second-largest island in Malta. Gozo is more rural and known for its scenic hills, which are featured on its coat of arms.

## References
Malta (island)

**Malta** is an Island in Europe and the largest of the three major islands that constitute the Maltese archipelago. It is sometimes referred to as **Valletta**. Malta is in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea directly south of Italy and north of Libya. The island is  long and  wide.  The capital is Valletta. The island is made up of many small towns.

## Notes
Comino

**Comino** (), formerly called **Ephaestia**, is a small island of the Maltese archipelago between the islands of Malta and Gozo in the Mediterranean Sea. It is  in area. It has a population of only three residents, following the death of the fourth resident in 2017. 

## References
Cominotto

**Cominotto** (), sometimes referred to as *Cominetto*, is a Mediterranean island of the northern coast of Malta. The island is uninhabited, meaning no one lives here. It measures only  in area it is the second largest uninhabited island of Malta, Cominoto lies  to the north west of Comino.
Filfla

**Filfla** is a small uninhabited islet  south of Malta, and is the most southerly point of the Maltese Archipelago. *filflu* (or *filfluu*), a small rocky islet some  southwest of Filfla, has the southernmost point of Malta. 

## References
St Paul's Island

'''St Paul's Island'* (Maltese: *Il-Gżejjer ta' San Pawl''), also known as **Selmunett**, is a small island off Selmun near the north-east of the main island of Malta. St Paul's Island is sometimes split into two islands and it is sometimes called to in the plural as '''St Paul's Islands'''. 

St Paul's Island has been uninhabited since World War II, and it is the second  largest uninhabited island of Malta, having an area of .

There are many shipwrecks on the island.

## References
Marsamxett Harbour

]]

**Marsamxett Harbour**, also known as **Marsamuscetto**, is a natural harbour on the island of Malta. It is located to the north of the larger Grand Harbour. The harbour is generally more dedicated to tourist use than the Grand Harbour.

## References
Manoel Island

**Manoel Island** () is a small island which forms part of Gżira in Marsamxett Harbour, Malta. It is named after the Portuguese Grand Master António Manoel de Vilhena.

Manoel Island is a flat island shaped roughly like a leaf. The island is connected to mainland Malta by a bridge. The whole island can be viewed from the bastions of the capital Valletta.

Buildings were planned to be constructed on the island, but a group of people managed to stop this from happening.

## References
Ħalfa Rock

**Ħalfa Rock** '*(Maltese: *Il-Ġebla tal-Ħalfa'''* *or **Il-Blata tal-Ħalfa**''**)** is a deserted small islet and limestone rock on the south-east coast of  the island of Gozo in the Maltese archipelago.

## References
Fungus Rock

** Fungus Rock**, sometimes known as *Mushroom Rock*, and among the Maltese as **Il-Ġebla tal-Ġeneral** (), is a small islet in the form of a  massive lump of limestone at the entrance. It is on the coast of Gozo. Fungus Rock is located at  and falls near the town of San Lawrenz.

## References
San Lawrenz

**San Lawrenz** () is a town on the island of Gozo, Malta. It has a population of 748, as of March 2014. The town is known for being located near Fungus Rock, and formerly also the Azure Window landmark before its collapse in 2017.

## References
Senglea

**Senglea**, also known by its title **Città Invicta** (or **Civitas Invicta**), is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta. It is one of the Three Cities in the Grand Harbour area, the other two being Cospicua and Vittoriosa. It has a population of slightly below three thousand people. 

## Other websites
*Official website
*Senglea Basilica
*Awarded "EDEN - European Destinations of Excellence" non traditional tourist destination 2010
Scorpio (astrology)

**Scorpio** is an astrological sign, related to the constellation Scorpio. It is a water sign. Under the tropical zodiac, The Sun meets Scorpio from October 23 to November 22. Scorpio is associated with three different animals: the scorpion, the snake, and the eagle (or Phoenix).

## Traditional relationships with Scorpio 
* Birthstone= Topaz
* Colors= Black, Chocolate Brown, Deep Red
* Gemstones= Citrine
* Starstone= Opal
* Metal= Silver, Platinum, Steel, gold

## References
Billy Knight (basketball, born 1979)

**William Price Knight** (January 20, 1979 – July 8, 2018) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Los Angeles, California. His last professional stops were in Japan with Hamamatsu, Osaka, Hyogo and Yamagata. Knight helped the Hamamatsu Higashimikawa Phoenix to their first bj league title in 2009–10, when he was the league's third-leading scorer, averaging 19.6 points per game.

Knight abused an ex-girlfriend’s nine-year-old daughter and was arrested on June 13, 2018. He was found dead a month later on July 8, 2018 in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 39.

## References
## Other websites
*
*UCLA Bruins bio
*Stats in Japan
Billy Knight

**William R. Knight** (born June 9, 1952) is an American former professional basketball player and executive. He served as the Executive Vice President and General Manager of the National Basketball Association's Atlanta Hawks from 2003 to 2008.

Knight spent eleven seasons, from 1974&ndash;85, in the ABA and NBA as a member of the Indiana Pacers, Buffalo Braves, Boston Celtics, Kansas City Kings, and San Antonio Spurs.  He scored 13,901 points in his ABA/NBA career and appeared in two All-Star games.

## References
## Other websites
*Career stats  at basketball-reference.com
*Profile at nba.com
Olusegun Obasanjo

Chief **Olusegun Mathew Okikiola Aremu Obasanjo**, GCFR,
(;  born 5 May 1937) is a Nigerian politician and general. He was President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007. 

Obasanjo was a military ruler from 13 February 1976 to 1 October 1979, and a democratically elected president from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007. From July 2004 to January 2006, Obasanjo also was Chairperson of the African Union.

In August 2021, the African Union appointed Olusegun Obasanjo as High Representative for Peace in the Horn of Africa.

## References
## Other websites
*Olusegun Obasanjo Related News
*
Żabbar

**Żabbar** (, ), also known as **Città Hompesch**, is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta. It is the sixth largest city in the country, with a population of 15,404 as of March 2014. Żabbar was granted the title of *Città Hompesch*.

## References
Prime Minister of Uganda

The **Prime Minister of Uganda** is in charge of the Cabinet of Uganda, although the President is the effective head of government. Robinah Nabbanja  has been the Prime Minister since 21 June 2021.

The post of Prime Minister was created for the first time in 1962. In 1966, Prime Minister Milton Obote suspended the Constitution, abolished the post of Prime Minister, and declared himself President. In 1980, the post of Prime Minister was re-established.

## List of officeholders
;Political parties

;Other factions

;Status

### Chief minister of Uganda Protectorate
### Prime ministers of Uganda Protectorate
### Prime ministers of Uganda
Ruhakana Rugunda

**Ruhakana Rugunda** (born 7 November 1947) is a Ugandan politician. He was the Prime Minister of Uganda from 2014  to 2021. He held a long series of cabinet posts under President Yoweri Museveni beginning in 1986. He served as Uganda's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 1996 and as Minister of Internal Affairs from 2003 to 2009. He also served as the Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2009 to 2011 and Minister of Health from 2013 to 2014.

## References
List of prime ministers of Trinidad and Tobago

The **Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago** have control of the government rests with the Cabinet. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are answerable to the House of Representatives. They have a five-year term limit and are democratically elected by the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago. There is currently no limit on the number of times a particular individual can be elected as Prime Minister.

## Prime ministers of Trinidad and Tobago
## References
Keith Rowley

The Rt Hon. Dr. **Keith Christopher Rowley** MP (born 24 October 1949) is the current Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, in office since September 2015. He has led the People's National Movement (PNM) since May 2010. He has also served as the Member of the House of Representatives for Diego Martin West since 1991.   

## References
Siġġiewi

**Siġġiewi** (, ), also called by its title **Città Ferdinand**, is a city and a local council in the Southern Region of Malta. It is the third largest council in Malta after Rabat and Mellieħa respectively. It is near Mdina, the ancient capital city of Malta, and  away from Valletta. It is the home of 8367 inhabitants as of March 2014.

## References
Mellieħa

**Mellieħa** is a small town in the Northern Region of Malta. It has a population of 10,087 as of March 2014. Mellieħa is also a tourist resort, popular for its sandy beaches and natural environment.

## References
Żebbuġ

**Żebbuġ**, also known by its title **Città Rohan**, is a city in the Southern Region of Malta. It is one of the oldest cities in the country, and its population is 11,903 as of March 2014.

## References
Żejtun

**Żejtun** ( ) is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta, with a population of 11,508 in March 2014. Żejtun holds the title of **Città Beland**. Before that, the village was known as **Casal Santa Caterina**.

## References
President of Uganda

The **President of the Republic of Uganda** is the head of state and head of government of Uganda. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Uganda and is the commander-in-chief of the Uganda People's Defence Force.

In 2005 presidential term limits were removed, and in 2017 the removal of the previous upper age limit of 75 was also announced.

## List of presidents of Uganda
## References
George Chambers

**George Michael Chambers** ORTT (4 October 1928 &ndash; 4 November 1997) was the second Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. He served as Assistant General Secretary of the PNM before becoming Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Finance in 1966.  From there he went on to serve as Minister of Finance, Public Utilities, Housing, National Security, Education, Planning, Industry/Commerce and Agriculture.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography from the National Library and Information Service of Trinidad and Tobago (Nalis).
Prime Minister of Sri Lanka

The **Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka** ( ; ) is the most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers in Sri Lanka. They are in charge for their policies and actions to parliament. The President is both head of state and head of government in Sri Lanka. Since 1978, most prime ministers have served as mere deputies to the executive presidency, while at times served as the *de-facto* head of government.

## List of prime ministers
;Parties
 (7)
 (7)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)

## Living former prime ministers
The most recent death of a former Prime Minister was that of D. M. Jayaratne (2010–2015) on 18 November 2019, aged 88.

## References
Prime Minister of Ethiopia

The **Prime Minister of Ethiopia** is the head of the Ethiopian government and the most powerful figure in Ethiopian politics. Although the President of Ethiopia is the country's head of state, his powers are largely ceremonial, the constitution states that the Prime Minister has more power and serves as chief executive.

The official residence of the prime minister, is *Menelik Palace* in Addis Ababa. The current Prime Minister is Abiy Ahmed of EPRDF, the twelfth person to hold the position.

## List of heads of government
## References
Chairperson of the African Union

The **Chairperson of the African Union** is the ceremonial head of the African Union elected by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a one-year term.

A candidate must be supported by at least two-thirds of the member states or by consensus. The chairperson is expected to complete the term without resignations or impeachment.

## List of Chairpersons
## References
Paula-Mae Weekes

**Paula-Mae Weekes** (born December 23, 1958) was the 6th president of Trinidad and Tobago from 2018 until 2023. She took office on 19 March 2018 and became the first woman to hold the office of President.

## References
President of Sri Lanka

The **president of Sri Lanka** is the elected head of state and the chief executive. The president is a dominant political figure in Sri Lanka. The office was created in 1972, as more of a ceremonial position. It was empowered with executive powers by the 1978 Constitution introduced by J. R. Jayewardene. 

## Presidents
;Parties
 (1)
 (4)
 (3)
 (1)
 (1)

## Related pages
* List of prime ministers of Sri Lanka

## References
Jusuf Gazibegović

**Jusuf Gazibegović** (born 11 March 2000) is a Bosnian football player. He plays for SK Sturm Graz in  the Austrian Football Bundesliga as a defender.
## Career
Gazibegovic started in the youth teams of Red Bull Salzburg. Then he went on to the football academy of FC Red Bull Salzburg from 2016 to 2018. He also played for the  UEFA Youth League squad in 2017–18. There he scored one goal against Girondis Bordeaux.

In the 2018–19 season he played in the regular team of Liefering. In September 2020 Gazibegović moved to Sturm Graz.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
**Sturm Graz**
*Austrian Bundesliga: 2023–24
*Austrian Cup: 2022–23, 2023–24
̈
## References
Ranil Wickremesinghe

**Ranil Wickremesinghe**, MP (, ; born 24 March 1949) is a Sri Lankan politician who was the 9th President of Sri Lanka from 2022 until 2024. He was the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 12 May 2022 until 20 July 2022. He was Prime Minister before from 1993 to 1994, 2001 to 2004 and 2015 to 2019.

Before, he was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka two times, from 7 May 1993 to 19 August 1994 and from 9 December 2001 to 6 April 2004. A member of the United National Party he was nominated as party leader in November 1994. He is also the leader of the United National Front having been nominated head of the organization in October 2009.

On 9 July 2022, Wickremesinghe announced he was ready to resign to make way for an all-party government as protesters stormed and burned his residence that day. Later in the evening, protesters broke into the Wickremesinghe's private residence in Colombo and set it on fire.

On 15 July 2022, Wickremesinghe was nominated as the United National Party's presidential nominee for the 2022 presidential election. He was elected president on 20 July 2022 and was sworn-in the next day.

Wickremesinghe lost his re-election in 2024, winning 17.2% of the vote.

## References
## Notes
President of Malawi

The **President of the Republic of Malawi** is the head of state and head of government of Malawi. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Malawi and is the commander-in-chief of the Malawian Defence Force.

## Monarch (1964–1966)
The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.

### Governor-General
The Governor-General was the representative of the monarch in Malawi and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Malawi without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.

;Status

## List of presidents
## References
Joyce Banda

**Joyce Hilda Banda**  (née **Mtila**; born 12 April 1950) is a Malawian politician. She was the President of Malawi from 7 April 2012 to 31 May 2014. She is the founder and leader of the People's Party, created in 2011. She was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2009 and Vice-President of Malawi from May 2009 to April 2012.

## References
John Magufuli

Dr **John Joseph Magufuli** (29 October 1959 &ndash; 17 March 2021) was a Tanzanian politician. He was the President of Tanzania from 2015 until his death. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania, Magufuli became known for not believing that the virus was real or a threat. 

Beginning in late February 2021, Magufuli was not seen publicly and rumors arose that he was hospitalized with COVID-19. On 10 March 2021, a Kenyan newspaper reported that an "African leader" was in bad health because of COVID. 

Magufuli died at a Dar es Salaam hospital on 17 March 2021, aged 61. The cause of death was said to be heart failure by the Tanzanian government.

## References
Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz

**Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz** ( *Muḥammad Wald ‘Abd al-‘Azīz*; born 20 December 1956) was the President of Mauritania from 2009 to 2019.

Ould Abdel Aziz was a member of the military junta which ousted President Ould Taya in 2005. Following the 2008 coup, Abdel Aziz became President of the High Council of State as part of what was described as a political transition leading to a new election. He resigned from that post in April 2009 in order to stand as a candidate in the July 2009 presidential election, which he won. He was sworn in on 5 August 2009.

Abdel Aziz also served as the Chairman of the African Union from 2014 to 2015.

On July 9, 2020, Mohamed Abdel Aziz was to respond to the convening of a Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry tasked with writing a "report". In the aftermath, the Mauritanian justice started to boil in a race against the clock for the construction of the High court of justice, only authorized to judge the president of the republic in the event of high treason.

In October 2023, the prosecutor requests 20 years in prison with confiscation of the property of Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz.

On 25 February, 2025, the Attorney General requested on appeal, 20 years in prison against Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, accused of embezzlement of public funds and illicit enrichment during his mandate. 

## References
Benjamin Mkapa

**Benjamin William Mkapa** (November 12, 1938 &ndash; July 24, 2020) was a Tanzanian politician. He was the third President of Tanzania, in office from 1995 to 2005. He was also Chairman of the Revolutionary State Political Party (Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM).

Mkapa died on July 24, 2020 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania at the age of 81.

## References
Jakaya Kikwete

**Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete** (born 7 October 1951) was the fourth President of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015. He has also served as the Chairman of the African Union in 2008&ndash;2009 and the Chairman of the Southern African Development Community Troika on Peace, Defence and Security in 2012&ndash;2013.

## References
Prime Minister of Tanzania

The **Prime Minister of the United Republic of Tanzania** is the leader of government business in the National Assembly. The position works closely with the President, the head of government.

The functions and powers of the Prime Minister are described in the Constitution of Tanzania:

## References
Salim Ahmed Salim

**Salim Ahmed Salim** (, Urdu: , , born 23 January 1942) is a Tanzanian diplomat. He was the 4th Prime Minister of Tanzania from 24 April 1984 to 5 November 1985.

## References
## Other websites
* Presidents of the General Assembly
* The South Center – Geneva
* East African Center for Constitutional Development 
* Salim's Speech on HIV/AIDS
* Salim on Darfur
* Press release on Darfur
* AU in Darfur
Cleopa Msuya

**Cleopa David Msuya** (4 January 1931 &ndash; 7 May 2025) was a Tanzanian politician. He was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 7 November 1980 to 24 February 1983 and again from 7 December 1994 to 28 November 1995.

Msuya died from heart failure on 7 May 2025 at the age of 94, at a hospital in Dar es Salaam.
## Funeral
His State funeral will held in 1 June 2025
## References