open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Biochar

**Biochar** is a type of charcoal added to soil that acts as plant food, or fertilizer. Biochar is made by heating biomass like wood in an oven to very high temperatures. This removes all of the water and easy to burn material from the biomass leaving only carbon. The final result is fragile and dark black charcoal.

## Uses 
### Carbon sink 
Biochar is made from organic material known as biomass. Biomass is mostly made from carbon. Carbon in biomass is captured from carbon dioxide in the air by plants. This means that when biochar is made carbon that was once in the air is made into a solid material. Biochar can last a very long time in soil and even longer in containers.

Some people propose making biochar to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, causing climate change. If a lot of biochar were made then there would be less carbon dioxide in the air, meaning less heat would be trapped. This is known as a carbon sink, because the carbon is sunk or put into a long lasting material instead of floating in the air.

### Soil amendment 
When biochar is made the biomass it is made from has most of its material removed. This means that biochar is very light and filled with tiny holes. These holes can hold water and nutrients which act as food for plants growing in biochar. Biochar can be soaked in nutrients to "charge" it which makes it a very good soil additive or fertilizer. The holes in biochar can also trap toxins which make water unsafe.

Biochar was used by people in the Amazon to make their poor quality soil better for growing food. This made the soil very dark and the dark soil can still be seen today.

### Slash-and-char 
In some rainforest places the forests are cleared for farming. When the forests are cleared they are usually cut down and burned. This process is called slash-and-burn and doesn't leave very many nutrients in the soil. If the forests were cleared and turned into biochar rather than burned the soil would have more nutrients. This is known as slash-and-char and would make the soil better for farming.

### Animal food 
Biochar can be mixed with molasses for use as animal food. The biochar helps digestion and reduces the amount of methane produced by cows. Feces from animals that eat biochar is a high quality fertilizer.

## Commercial sector 
Biochar is mainly sold by fertilizer companies to people who grow plants. This may change. There are many tons of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which is causing climate change. Many countries have agreed that this is a problem. In the future it may cost money to release carbon dioxide. If people who remove carbon dioxide are paid then there could be businesses which remove carbon dioxide for money. One way a business like that could remove carbon dioxide is by growing plants and turning them into biochar. This removes a large amount of carbon dioxide and could be very profitable in the future.

## References
Degenerative disease

**Degenerative disease** is the result of a continuous process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time.

In **neurodegenerative diseases** cells of the central nervous system stop working or die via neurodegeneration. An example of this is Alzheimer's disease. 

## References
2019 Grays incident

In the early hours of 23 October 2019, 39 dead bodies were found in a freight container in Grays, Essex, England. The lorry cab is owned by an Irish company. It had been registered Bulgaria, but had not been there since 2017. It travelled from the Netherlands through Belgium before arriving in the United Kingdom at Purfleet, Essex, from Zeebrugge. 

Investigations are ongoing in regard to how the lorry passed through security at the border.

Investigations were led by the Essex Police, but made international by the end of the day.

The lorry driver is a 25-year-old man from Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. *The Guardian* reported that there are several photographs of him with the lorry cab involved in the incident on his Facebook page. He was arrested at the scene, on suspicion of murder. He drove it from Purfleet to Grays.

## References
Marieke Vervoort

**Marieke Vervoort** (10 May 1979 &ndash; 22 October 2019) was a Belgian Paralympic athlete. She suffered from an incurable, degenerative muscle disease. In the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Vervoort won a gold and silver medal. In the 2016 Summer Paralympics, she won a silver and bronze medal. 

She won several medals at Paralympics, she received world attention in 2016 when she revealed that she supported euthanasia. She was born in Diest, Belgium.

## Personal life
Vervoot had epilepsy. She lived with her assistance dog, Zenn.

In 2012, Vervoot wrote a book called  (In English, it means "Wielemie. Sports for life."). In 2017, she wrote another book called  (In English, it means "the other side of the coin").

Vervoot was lesbian.

## Death
Vervoort ended her life through euthanasia on 22 October 2019 at the age of 40.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Miguel Saiz

**Miguel Saiz** (May 17, 1949 – October 22, 2019) was an Uruguayan-born Argentine politician. He was born in Montevideo. He was a member of the Radical Civic Union (UCR). He was the Governor of Río Negro Province from 2003 until 2011.

Saiz died at a Buenos Aires hospital on October 22, 2019 from heart failure at the age of 70.

## References
Zenda, Kansas

**Zenda** is a city in Kingman County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, 90 people lived there.

## Geography
Zenda is at  (37.444077, -98.281996). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 72 people, 33 households, and 20 families living in Zenda. Of the households, 81.8% owned their home and 18.2% rented their home.

The median age was 56.8 years. Of the people, 95.8% were White and 4.2% were two or more races. None were Hispanic or Latino.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 90 people, 44 households, and 24 families living in Zenda.

## Education
Nashville is a part of USD 332 Cunningham-West Kingman County. The Cunningham High School mascot is Cunningham Wildcats.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Zenda
* Zenda - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 332, local school district
;Maps
* Zenda City Map , KDOT
Quinter, Kansas

**Quinter** is a city in Gove County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, 929 people lived there.  The U.S. Government would not create a post office under the Familton name because of possible confusion with other names in the state, so another had to be chosen. The name **Quinter** was chosen. It was named after Rev. James Quinter, a local Baptist Brethren minister.

The city received some small national attention in November 2006 when longtime resident Waldo McBurney, age 104, was said to be the oldest worker in the United States.

## Geography
Quinter is at  (39.066626, -100.234742). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 929 people, 378 households, and 238 families living in Quinter. Of the households, 66.9% owned their home and 33.1% rented their home.

The median age was 43.4 years. Of the people, 92.0% were White, 1.2% were Asian, 0.3% were Native American, 0.3% were Black, 0.1% were Pacific Islanders, 0.8% were from some other race, and 5.3% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 918 people, 374 households, and 251 families living in Quinter.

## Fmous people
* Brent Barrett, American actor and tenor
* Scott Huffman, Olympic pole vaulter
* Robert Maxwell, World War II combat veteran and Medal of Honor recipient
* Waldo McBurney, centenarian
* Maggie McIntosh, State legislator

## References
## Other websites
;Schools
* USD 293, local school district
;Maps
* Quinter City Map , KDOT
Raymond Leppard

**Raymond John Leppard**  (11 August 1927 – 22 October 2019) was a British-American conductor, harpsichordist, composer and editor. He was born in London.

In the 1960s, he had an important role in the rebirth of interest in Baroque music. He conducted operas at major international opera houses and festivals, including the Glyndebourne Festival where he led the world premiere of Nicholas Maw's *The Rising of the Moon*, the Metropolitan Opera and the Royal Opera House. 

He composed movie scores such as *Lord of the Flies*. From 1987 through 2001, Leppard was the Director of the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra.

Leppard died in Indianapolis, Indiana on 22 October 2019 at the age of 92.

## References
Uniontown, Kansas

**Uniontown** is a city in Bourbon County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, 293 people lived there. The early settlers were loyal to the Union in the Civil War. The city was named after the Union. Throughout the twentieth century the town was served by the Missouri Pacific Railroad.

## Geography
Uniontown is at  (37.847198, -94.975688). It is along the Marmaton River. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 293 people, 107 households, and 68 families living in Uniontown. Of the households, 79.4% owned their home and 20.6% rented their home.

The median age was 31.1 years. Of the people, 91.8% were White, 2.0% were Native American, 0.7% were Asian, and 5.5% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 272 people, 120 households, and 66 families living in Uniontown.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* Uniontown - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 235, local school district
;Maps
* Uniontown City Map , KDOT
Quenemo, Kansas

**Quenemo** is a city in Osage County, Kansas, United States. It is along the Marais des Cygnes River. In 2020, 288 people lived there. Quenemo was the name of a Sac and Fox Indian chief. A fire in 1878 destroyed a lot of the town. Quenemo had a lot of growth in 1884 after the AT&SF railroad was built through it.

## People
Quenemo is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 288 people, 125 households, and 81 families living in Quenomo. Of the households, 72.0% owned their home and 28.0% rented their home.

The median age was 46.6 years. Of the people, 93.1% were White, 0.7% were Native American, and 6.3% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 388 people, 139 households, and 90 families living in Quenomo.

## Education
Quenemo is a part of USD 456 Marais des Cygnes Valley. The district high school is Marais des Cygnes Valley High School. Their mascot is the Trojans.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* Quenemo - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 456, local school district
;Maps
* Quenemo City Map , KDOT
Udall, Kansas

**Udall** is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, 661 people lived there. J.M. Napier and P.W. Smith Bought a ten-acre area of land from I.N Nelson in 1879. Udall was planned out in 1881 by Napier and Smith. It was named after English author Cornelius Udall.

### 1955 tornado
On May&nbsp;25, 1955, the deadliest tornado to ever hit Kansas hit Udall at 10:35&nbsp;p.m. The town was destroyed by an  wide F5 tornado. Every building within the city limits was hit, including the grain elevator, water tower, old grade school, new high school, city hall, three churches. The water tower had been knocked over and the streets were flooded. Vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards and destroyed. 77 people died. 270 people were injured. 192 buildings (170 homes) were destroyed. Around 50% of families had one or more members of their families who died in the tornado.

Before hitting Udall, there were no warnings issued by the Weather Bureau. Unknown to them, the same tornado-producing thunderstorm had just hit the city of Blackwell, Oklahoma, where 20 people died and 250 were injured.

## Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

## People
 depot in Udall, circa 1890]]

### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 661 people, 263 households, and 177 families living in Udall. Of the households, 69.2% owned their home and 30.8% rented their home.

The median age was 38.1 years. Of the people, 88.2% were White, 3.2% were Native American, 0.5% were Pacific Islanders, 0.2% were Black, 0.2% were Asian, 1.2% were from some other race, and 6.7% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.6% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 746 people, 289 households, and 203 families living in Udall.

## Education
Udall is part of Udall USD 463 public school district.

## References
## More reading
;County
* *History of Cowley County Kansas*; D.A. Millington / E.P. Greer; Winfield Courier; 162 pages; 1901. (Download 16MB PDF eBook)
;Kansas
* *History of the State of Kansas*; William G. Cutler; A.T. Andreas Publisher; 1883. (Online HTML eBook)
* *Kansas : A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc*; 3 Volumes; Frank W. Blackmar; Standard Publishing Co; 944 / 955 / 824 pages; 1912. (Volume1 - Download 54MB PDF eBook), (Volume2 - Download 53MB PDF eBook), (Volume3 - Download 33MB PDF eBook)

## Other websites
* City of Udall
* Photos from 1955 tornado damage
Utica, Kansas

**Utica** is a city in Ness County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, 99 people lived there.

## History
The first post office in Utica was created in 1879.

Utica was named by early pioneer C.W. Bell. He was from Utica, New York, so he named it after that city.

## Geography
Utica is at  (38.642705, -100.169767). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 99 people, 65 households, and 31 families living in Utica. Of the households, 95.4% owned their home and 4.6% rented their home.

The median age was 59.3 years. Of the people, 99.0% were White and 1.0% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 158 people, 78 households, and 42 families living in Utica.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* Utica - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 106, local school district
;Maps
* Utica City Map , KDOT
Waldo, Kansas

**Waldo** is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 30. The town was an agricultural shipping and receiving point for the area around it. Waldo incorporated as a city in May 1911.

Since the 1930s, the number of people in Waldo starting decreasing. Waldo High School closed in 1964, and Waldo Grade School closed in 1979. It has an elevation of 1,713 feet (522 m). The city is on U.S. Route 281 in north-central Kansas. It is  northwest of Wichita,  west of Kansas City, and  north-northeast of Russell.

It is in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Waldo is on the east bank of the West Fork of Wolf Creek, part of the Saline River watershed.

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 30 people, 18 households, and 11 families living in Waldo.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 30 people, 15 households, and 7 families living in Waldo.

## Infrastructure
### Transportation
U.S. Route 281 and Kansas Highway 18 (K-18) go east to west through Waldo.  Most residents use privately stored propane for heating fuel.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* Waldo - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 399, local school district
;Maps
* Waldo City Map , KDOT
Episcopal Diocese of Chicago

The **Episcopal Diocese of Chicago** is the official organization of the Episcopal Church in Chicago and Northern Illinois. The diocese is served by Jeffrey Lee, who serves as bishop of the diocese, and Christopher Epting, who served as Assistant Bishop in the diocese until his planned retirement in December 2015. The mother church of the diocese is St. James Cathedral, which is the oldest Episcopal congregation in the city of Chicago.

## References
Jeffrey Lee (bishop)

**Jeffrey Dean Lee** is a bishop of the Episcopal Church. He is the twelfth and current Bishop of Chicago since 2008.

## References
James W. Montgomery

**James Winchester Montgomery** (May 29, 1921 – October 23, 2019) was an American bishop. He was the ninth bishop of Chicago in The Episcopal Church. He was born in Chicago.

Montgomery died on October 23, 2019 in Naperville, Illinois at the age of 98.

## References
Ingalls, Kansas

**Ingalls** is a city in Gray County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, 252 people lived there. The city was renamed for Kansas senator John James Ingalls.

Ingalls could have been the county seat in the late 1880s. It once had the county offices.

## Geography
Ingalls is at  (37.829932, -100.453844). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 252 people, 97 households, and 71 families living in Ingalls. Of the households, 71.1% owned their home and 28.9% rented their home.

The median age was 32.6 years. Of the people, 78.2% were White, 1.6% were Black, 0.8% were Asian, 0.4% were Native American, 10.7% were from some other race, and 8.3% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.2% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 306 people, 113 households, and 87 families living in Ingalls.

## Education
Ingalls is served by USD 477 Ingalls. The Ingalls High School mascot is the Bulldogs.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* Ingalls - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 477 , local school district
;Maps
* Ingalls City Map, KDOT
Mikhail Innokentyevich Semyonov

**Mikhail Innokentyevich Semyonov** ( 26 November 1938 – 18 October 2019) was a Russian politician. He was born in Nukutsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Soviet Union. He was the Chairman of the People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia from 21 July 1994 through 23 June 2002.

Semyonov died in Ulan-Ude, Buryatia, Russia on 18 October 2019, from a long illness at the age of 80.

## References
Eurasian plate

The **Eurasian plate** is a tectonic plate. It includes most of the continent of Eurasia. This is a huge landmass with the traditional continents of Europe and northern Asia. 

It does not include the Indian subcontinent,  Arabia, and the area east of the Chersky Range in East Siberia. It does include oceanic crust  west to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and north to the Gakkel Ridge.
Indo-Australian plate

The **Indo-Australian plate** is a major tectonic plate. 

It includes the continent of Australia and surrounding ocean. To the northwest it includes the Indian subcontinent and adjacent waters. It was formed by the fusion of Indian and Australian plates about 43 million years ago.

## References
Eve (Bible)

(1507)]]
In the Book of Genesis, Eve is the world’s first woman created by God to be a wife to Adam.  Eve is placed in the Garden of Eden and allowed to eat any fruit except the fruit of The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil because if she eats it she will die. A snake convinces her to eat it anyway. She then gives it to her husband who also eats it.  They then realize they are naked. An angel is then sent to banish her and Adam from the garden so that they can’t eat the fruit of The Tree of Life and live forever.   God gives them clothes and says that Eve will become the mother of all humans and be very respected but that her husband will rule over her. Eve gives birth to a son and she names him Cain. She then gives birth to a second son named Abel. Cain kills Abel and is exiled. Eve gives birth to a son named Seth and also has daughters.
Kanephoros

The **Kanephoros** ( (pl.  *Kanephoroi*), latinate plural form **Canephorae**, refers to "Basket Bearer(s)") was an honorary term for young, unmarried women chosen to lead a festival in Ancient Greece.

## References 
## Sources 
* Brulé, Pierre (translated by Antonia Nevill). *Women of Ancient Greece*. Edinburgh University Press, 2003, , 2003.
* Dillon, Matthew. *Girls and Women in Classical Greek Religion*. Routledge, 2003, .
* Goff, Barbara E. *Citizen Bacchae: Women’s Ritual Practice in Ancient Greece*. University of California Press, 2004, .
* Roccos, Linda Jones. "The Kanephoros and her Festival Mantle in Greek Art", *American Journal of Archaeology*, Vol. 99, No. 4, October 1995, pp.&nbsp;641–666.
Leonard Hofstadter

**Leonard Hofstadter** is a fictional character in the television show The Big Bang Theory.  Leonard is from New Jersey. His father is an anthropologist and his mother is a neuroscientist.  Leonard’s parents made him learn to play the cello and become a scientist even though he wanted to be a rapper “like Snoop Dogg but with a little more healthy respect for the police”. Leonard was on the debate team in school and says that if he had not had glasses, he would have been “the coolest kid on the debate team to get constantly shoved into his locker.” Leonard also mentions that he once had a bully who gave him such a terrible wedgie that it temporarily moved one of his testicles.  He also says that he hated high school because he was never popular and that his mother never let him celebrate his birthday because “that was her accomplishment, not mine” and that his parents never paid attention to his achievements.  Leonard got his Phd at Princeton and got a job working at Caltech.  He became a roommate of Sheldon Cooper because he couldn’t afford an apartment with only his own money.  He almost accidentally gave American nuclear secrets to his girlfriend Joyce Kim not realizing that she was a North Korean spy but Sheldon Cooper annoyed her so much that she left before he could give her anything.  When a beautiful  girl named Penny moves in across the hall from Leonard and Sheldon, Leonard falls in love with her.  Leonard tried to get her to like him but thanks to Sheldon she finds out that Leonard has Luke Skywalker shampoo and Darth Vader conditioner and uses the periodic table as a shower curtain and plays boggle in Klingon with his friends including Sheldon, Rajesh Koothrapalli and Howard Wolowitz leading her to think that he is a nerd.  For most of the show Leonard is trying to start a relationship with Penny and they eventually date and get married.

## References
Fred VanVleet

**Fredderick Edmund VanVleet Sr.** (born February 25, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the NBA.
Marion County, Mississippi

**Marion County** is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 24,441 people lived there. Its county seat is Columbia. The county is named for American Revolutionary War guerrilla leader Francis Marion also known as The Swamp Fox.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Marion County Sheriff's Office
* Official website of Marion County
Swirly

A **swirly** or **swirlie** is a form of bullying in which the victim's head is put into a toilet. Some people have questioned whether swirlies are real or whether they were invented for television and other fiction.

## In fiction
On television, one or more bigger people, usually high school boys, pick up the victim. Then they dunk the victim's head in a toilet and flush it. The swirling water gives the swirly its name. For example, in the television show *Archer*, Archer tells Lana about how he got pneumonia from getting a swirly in high school: Two bigger boys had picked him up, turned him upside down, and put his head in a toilet. In *The Simpsons*, Bart Simpson gets a swirly from Jimbo Jones. In Cobra Kai, Kenny Payne gets revenge against Anthony LaRusso by dunking his head into a used toilet, giving him a swirly.

## In real life
There are a few reports of swirlies in real life. In some, the victim agreed to be part of the swirly. In other reports, the victim describes the swirly almost exactly like a swirly in fiction. One Blair Academy wrestler talked about being given swirlies and other abuse from older teammates. In others, the person giving the swirly is an adult or even a parent and not an older child.

## References
Marshall County, Mississippi

**Marshall County** is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 33,752 people lived there. Its county seat is Holly Springs. The county is named for Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of Marshall County
*McAlexander/Marshall County Collection (MUM00287) owned by the University of Mississippi, Archives and Special Collections.
Beurre noisette

and vegetables with *beurre noisette* sauce]]

***Beurre noisette*** is a type of warm sauce used in French cuisine.

It is clarified butter cooked for long enough for the milk proteins to caramelize and almost burn. This produces a nutty flavor. It is also used in French pastry.

## References
Monroe County, Mississippi

**Monroe County** is a county on the northeast border of the U.S. state of Mississippi next to Alabama. As of the 2020 census, 34,180 people lived there. Its county seat is Aberdeen. The name is in honor of James Monroe, fifth President of the United States.

## References
Ramah, Colorado

**Ramah**  is a town in El Paso County, Colorado, United States. The population was 111 at the 2020 census. The name comes from India.

## References
Mont-sur-Rolle

**Mont-sur-Rolle** is a municipality in Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is  from Lake Geneva (*Lac Léman*), above the lake-side town of Rolle.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Prangins

**Prangins** is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is next to Lake Geneva.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Swiss National Museum
* International Fly-in La Côte
* Aerodrome de la Cote
Königsheim

**Königsheim** is a municipality in Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the municipality of Königsheim
Mel Aull

**Melvin Andrew Aull** (December 23, 1928 – October 12, 2019) was a Canadian football player. He played for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Ottawa Rough Riders and Saskatchewan Roughriders. He won the Grey Cup with the Rough Riders in 1951. He was born in Hamilton, Ontario.

Aull died on October 12, 2019 in Mississauga, Ontario at the age of 90.

## References
Peggy McIntosh

**Peggy McIntosh** (born November 7, 1934) is an American feminist, anti-racism activist, scholar, speaker, and Senior Research Scientist of the Wellesley Centers for Women. She is the founder of the National SEED Project on Inclusive Curriculum (Seeking Educational Equity and Diversity). 

In 1988, she published the article "White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences Through Work in Women’s Studies". This analysis, and its shorter version, "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack" (1989) was later published and made her well known. 

## References
USS Iowa (BB-61)

The '*USS *Iowa* (BB-61)*' was a battleship used by America in World War II and the Korean War. It was retired in October 1990 because it was a huge target that was too expensive to lose.
Jeffrey Spalding

**Jeffrey Spalding** (November 5, 1951 – October 14, 2019) was a Scottish-born Canadian artist, curator, author, and educator.  

Spalding died on October 14, 2019 at the age of 67. 

For more than forty years, Spalding taught at various education institutions and was actively involved as a museum professional. He worked as a curator and director at various visual arts institutions including the University of Lethbridge, the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, the Glenbow Museum, and the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia.  

Between 1999 and 2002 Spalding was the director of the Appleton Museum of Art in Ocala, Florida.  From 2014 to 2017, he was the Chief Curator of the Beaverbrook Art Gallery in Fredericton, New Brunswick.

## References
Tonganoxie, Kansas

**Tonganoxie** (pronounced ) is a city in Leavenworth County, Kansas. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area within the United States. In 2020, 5,573 people lived there.

## History
Tonganoxie was platted in 1866. It was named after a local Native American Chief from the Delaware Tribe whose name means "shorty" in the Delaware language. Tonganoxie was incorporated as a city in the late 1870s.

## Geography
Tonganoxie is at  (39.108880, -95.086885). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

### Weather
Tonganoxie has hot, humid summers and generally cold winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Tonganoxie has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 5,573 people, 2,087 households, and 1,482 families living in Tonganoxie. Of the households, 71.1% owned their home and 28.9% rented their home.

The median age was 36.0 years. Of the people, 87.3% were White, 1.5% were Black, 0.8% were Native American, 0.6% were Asian, 1.5% were from some other race, and 8.2% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.7% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 4,996 people, 1,884 households, and 1,338 families living in Tonganoxie.

## Famous people
* Danni Boatwright, winner of Survivor: Guatemala, Miss Kansas USA 1996
* Connie O'Brien, member of the Kansas House of Representatives

## References
## Other websites
* City of Tonganoxie
* Tonganoxie - Directory of Public Officials
* Tonganoxie City Map , KDOT
Candice Pitts

**Candice Pitts** (born Belize City) is a Belizean diplomat, educator and politician. She is serving as Belize’s ambassador to Republic of China on Taiwan and Japan. She served as a councillor for Belize City from March 2018 to 2021 and PUP standard bearer for the Mesopotamia Constituency since August 2019. Pitts has also served as a professor at the University of Belize and at Albany State University in the United States.

## Early life and education
Candice Pitts was born in Belize City, Belize. After her primary and secondary education, Pitts studied at St. John’s College Junior College in Belize. Pitts then got her bachelor’s degree from Albany State University. She earned her master’s degree from The Ohio State University and her Ph.D. from Howard University. She earned a second Master’s Degree in International Relations from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. 

## Career
After graduation from Howard University, Pitts returned to Albany State University. She taught there for three years. After this, she returned to Belize to teach at the University of Belize for three years. Pitts entered politics in 2017 as a candidate for the People’s United Party. The PUP won the Belize City Council elections in March of 2018. Pitts got the most votes. In 2019, Pitts was appointed as Senator for the People’s United Party, but could not hold the post. Pitts was a candidate in the 2020 General Elections as the Standard Bearer for the Mesopotamia Constituency. Her opponent was Moses “Shyne” Barrow, son of the then Prime Minister of Belize, Dean Barrow, and nephew of the then Area Representative, Michael Finnegan. She lost by 150 votes. As of 2022. Pitts is ambassador to R.O.C. Taiwan and Japan.

## References
Vicki Ann Funk

**Vicki Ann Funk** (November 26, 1947 – October 22, 2019) was an American botanist and researcher. She was a Senior Research Botanist and Curator at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.

She was known for her work on members of the composite family (Asteraceae) including collecting plants in many parts of the world, as well as her synthetic work on phylogenetics and biogeography.

Funk died on October 22, 2019 at the age of 71.

## References
Hildegard Bachert

**Hildegard Bachert** (April 3, 1921 – October 17, 2019) was a German-born American art dealer and gallery director. Bachert moved to the United States in 1936 to escape the Nazi regime. In 1940, she began working at the Galerie St. Etienne, a Manhattan gallery focusing in Austrian and German expressionist art, where she worked until her death. She was born in Mannheim, Germany.

Bachert died at her home in Brattleboro, Vermont on October 17, 2019 at the age of 98.

## References
Brecknockshire

of Brecknockshire.]]
**Brecknockshire**, also known as the County of Brecknock, Breconshire, or the County of Brecon is one of thirteen historic counties of Wales, and a former administrative county. Named after its county town of Brecon, the county is mountainous and primarily rural.
Brattleboro, Vermont

**Brattleboro** (), originally **Brattleborough**, is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. Brattleboro is located about  north of the Massachusetts state line. In 2020, Brattleboro's population was 12,184.

## References
## Books
*
Walter Franco

**Walter Franco** (6 January 1945 – 24 October 2019) was a Brazilian rock singer, guitarist, record producer and composer. In 1998 he worked with Rosa Passos for their debut album *Especial Tom Jobim*. His 1975 album *Revolver* was No. 50 on *Rolling Stone*s list of the Top 100 Brazilian albums. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil. Other ablums include *Respire Fundo*, *Vela Aberta*, *Walter Franco* and *Tutano*.

Franco died on 24 October 2019 at a São Paulo hospital from a stroke, aged 74.

## References
Michael D. Reynolds

**Michael David Reynolds**  ( &ndash; October 15, 2019) was an American educator and astrology. He was professor of astronomy at Florida State College at Jacksonville in Jacksonville, Florida. He was the director of Chabot Space and Science Center in Alameda County, California. 

Reynolds was best known for his work in science education, both in lecture halls and less formal settings. He also participated in astronomy and space exploration outreach.

Reynolds died of cardiac arrest in his home in Jacksonville on October 15, 2019 at the age of 65.

## References
Salvador Freixedo

**Salvador Freixedo**, (23 April 1923 – 25 October 2019) was a Spanish Catholic priest. He was a member of the Jesuit Order.

He was known as a Ufologist and researcher of *paranormal subjects*. He wrote many books on the relationship between religion and extraterrestrial beings, and was a speaker in several international UFO congresses in Europe, the Americas, and  Asia.

He was also a contributor to a number of parascientific magazines, such as *Mundo Desconocido* (*Unknown World*), *Karma 7* and *Más allá* (*Beyond*) among others.

## References
Buddha (album)

**Buddha** is Blink-182's 1998 album release and the last album to feature the original drummer Scott Raynor before being replaced by current drummer Travis Barker. Buddha is a mostly fast paced album if you mainly listen to modern Blink-182, but it definitely shows where they got their roots from, containing many off-beats whilst maintaining a fast tempo with breaks for pre-emo emo bouts. (like a soft sort of punk)

## Songs 
# Carousel 2:40
# T.V. 1:37
# Strings 2:29
# Fentoozler 2:03
# Time 2:46
# Romeo & Rebecca 2:32
# 21 Days 4:02
# Sometimes 1:05
# Point of View 1:12
# My Pet Sally 1:37
# Reebok Commercial 2:36
# Toast & Bananas 2:27
# The Girl Next Door 2:32
# Don't 2:25
Hans Zender

**Johannes Wolfgang Zender** (22 November 1936 – 22 October 2019) was a German conductor and composer. He was the chief conductor of several opera houses.

As a conductor, he worked at the Theater Freiburg, Theater Bonn, Opernhaus Kiel and Hamburg State Opera, and led the radio orchestra Deutsche Radio Philharmonie Saarbrücken Kaiserslautern. 

He taught at the Musikhochschule Frankfurt. His opera *Stephen Climax* premiered in 1986 at the Oper Frankfurt, and his third opera, *Chief Joseph*, premiered in 2005 at the Staatsoper Unter den Linden.

Zender died on 22 October 2019 in Meersburg, Germany at the age of 82.

## References
It's Showtime

'''''It's Showtime*** (commonly known as ***Showtime!''''') is a long-running Philippine noon-time variety show. It airs weekdays at 12:00 PM to 3:30 PM and Saturdays at 11:45 AM to 2:30 PM. The show premiered on October 24, 2009 and it's currently celebrating its 10th anniversary in Philippine television.
Alfred Znamierowski

**Alfred Znamierowski** (21 June 1940 – 23 October 2019) was a Polish vexillologist, heraldist, illustrator, and journalist. During his career he published many books and designed hundreds of coats of arms, flags, banners and seals for over 200 different cities and institutions. He was born in Warsaw. From 1985 to 1994, Znamierowski was an editor of the Polish Service of Voice of America in Washington, D.C..

Znamierowski died on 23 October 2019 in Prague from a heart attack at the age of 79.

## References
ShopHQ

**ShopHQ**, formerly known as **Evine** until 2019, is an American cable, satellite and broadcast television network owned by **iMedia Brands Inc.** The channel is headquartered in Eden Prairie, Minnesota.

The home shopping channel's main competitors are Qurate's HSN and QVC.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* iMedia Brands, Inc., corporate website
Oktibbeha County, Mississippi

**Oktibbeha County** is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 51,788 people lived there. The county seat is Starkville.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official county website
Emmett Chappelle

**Emmett W. Chappelle** (24 October 1925 – 14 October 2019) is an African-American scientist. He was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He worked for NASA.

He also was a member of the American Chemical Society, the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the American Society of Photobiology, the American Society of Microbiology, and the American Society of Black Chemists.

Chappelle died of kidney failure in Baltimore, Maryland on 14 October 2019, one week before his 94th birthday.

## References
Ole Henrik Laub

**Ole Henrik Laub** (3 December 1937 – 22 October 2019) was a Danish novelist and children's writer. He was also an art painter and cartoonist. He was born in Aarhus, Denmark. Laub made his debut in 1967 with  *Et Sværd Dyppet i Honning*, a collection of short stories. He wrote more than fifty books, short stories, novels, and books for children.

Laub died on 22 October 2019 in Denmark at the age of 81.
## Novels
* *Fondamenta Nuove* 1996
* *Hovedrollen* 1997
* *Alle Himlens Farver* 2002 
* *Fugle flyver hjem* 2005
* *Fjolsernes Konge* (King of Fools) 2007
## References
Firestone, Colorado

The **Town of Firestone** is a town in Weld County, Colorado, United States. The population was 16,381 at the 2020 census.

## References
Villeneuve-sur-Aisne

**Villeneuve-sur-Aisne** is a commune in the Aisne department in the Hauts-de-France  region in northern France. It was created on 1 January 2019. It is made of the former communes of Guignicourt and Menneville.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Aisne department

## References 
## Other websites 
* INSEE commune file
Purfleet

**Purfleet** is a town just east of London on the banks of the River Thames in Essex, England. Purfleet is in the Civil Parish of West Thurrock and has some industries within it. It is also part of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area and is also a conservation area.

## References
Thurrock

**Thurrock** () is a unitary authority area with borough status in the English ceremonial county of Essex.

## References
Signy-Avenex

**Signy-Avenex** is a municipality in Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Momoko Sakura

(8 May 1965 – 15 August 2018) was a Japanese cartoonist, essayist, songwriter, and screenwriter. Sakura is famous for writing the manga series  *Chibi Maruko-chan* in which the protagonist has the same name as her, and in which the story is based on her childhood.

Sakura was born in Shimizu City in the Shizuoka prefecture of Japan.

Over the years the *Chibi Maruko-chan* book series has gotten a lot of success. More than 30 million copies were sold. Sakura was also a very popular author, as she had a very unique viewpoint and narrative in her stories, especially in the stories *Momokanzume*, *Saru no Koshikake* and *Tai no Okashira* which have sold over a million copies.
Steering the Craft

***Steering the Craft: Exercises and Discussions on Story Writing for the Lone Mariner and the Mutinous Crew*** is a 1998 nonfiction book by Ursula K. Le Guin. The book started as a writers' workshop led by Le Guin. There self-guided exercises and discussions in the book about how to write stories.

## References
## Other websites 
* excerpt at Le Guin's site 
*
Black site

A **black site** is a place where prisoners are kept in secret.

The term was invented for places controlled by the CIA and used by the U.S. government in its War on Terror. They are used to hold people the CIA think are 'unlawful enemy combatants'.

's Extraordinary Rendition and Detention Program – countries involved in the Program, according to the 2013 Open Society Foundation's report on torture.]]

U.S. President George W. Bush acknowledged the existence of secret prisons operated by the CIA during a speech on September 6, 2006. A claim that the black sites existed was made by *The Washington Post* in November 2005 and before this by human rights NGOs.

On the one hand, there is little or no legal authority for the operation of black sites by the United States or any other countries. On the other hand, many of the atrocities committed by anti-Western groups against civilians are far beyond the Geneva Conventions of war. 

## References
Mr. Satan

Mr. Satan (also known as Hercule in English dubs) is a fictional character from the manga *Dragon Ball* and anime *Dragon Ball Z*. He also appears in *Dragon Ball GT* and *Dragon Ball Super*. 

He is portrayed as a great fighter, champion of the world, cheered by all humanity. In reality he hides a clumsy and cowardly personality. Usually this duality is used for comedic gags.

He also has a daughter, Videl who will marry Son Gohan, son of Goku. In the Majin buu saga he befriends the good side of the antagonist.

Because "Satan" is also the name of the main evil spirit in Christianity, the character's name sparked so much controversy that when Dragon Ball was imported to North America, his name was changed to Hercule.

## References
Cessières-Suzy

**Cessières-Suzy** is a new commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France  region in north France. It was created on 1 January 2019 and is made of the former communes of Cessières and Suzy.

## References
Corn dog

A **corn dog** is a sausage on a stick coated in a thick layer of cornmeal batter and deep-fried. The sausage used in a corn dog is usually the same types that are used in hot dogs. It is a popular type of fast food or street food.

Corn dogs originate from the United States in the 1920s. It is commonly found in American cuisine. They are found as a frozen food at most supermarkets.

## History
Corn dogs were first introduced by German Texans in the 1920s. The corn dog was first made as just a sausage rolled in cornbread battered and fried. Many years later, sticks were added to corn dogs as a unique food-holding tool that would later create the modern corn dog. On the patent, it states that many foods other than sausages can also be used in the same way that a corn dog is prepared. The patent also states that by having a stick, the stick would allow the fried food to be handled and eaten in a cleaner way. Some patrons held the corn dogs with wax paper, paper cones, and even pocket knives. The Pronto Pup vendors at the Minnesota State Fair claim to have invented the corn dog in 1941. On June 16, 1946, Cozy Dog Drive-in, in Springfield, Illinois, claims to have been the first to serve corn dogs on sticks. Also on 1946, Dave Barham opened the first location of Hot Dog on a Stick at Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, California.

## Varieties 
Several variants of corn dog exist.

* **Mini corn dogs** are smaller versions of the corn dog.
* **Sausage sticks** are a breakfast variant of the corn dog.

## References
Paul Lambert

**Paul Lambert** (born 7 August 1969) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player, who was most recently the manager of Ipswich Town.

## References
Piccolo (Dragon Ball)

**Piccolo** is a fictional character from the manga Dragon Ball by Akira Toriyama. The character also appears in the Anime Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z, Dragon Ball GT and Dragon Ball Super. He is the child and embodiment of Piccolo Daimao, who was defeated by Goku. First goal of Piccolo Junior is to defeat Goku in a battle, avenging his father's death. However Piccolo is defeated by his rival in the final match of The martial art tournament, instead of killing him Goku let him live. 
Later in the story he trains Son Gohan,son of Goku, while Goku was dead in order to make him stronger.
Videl

**Videl** is a character from the manga Dragon Ball created by Akira Toriyama. She appears in the Anime Dragon Ball Z and Dragon Ball Super. She is the only daughter of Mr. Satan. Later she becomes Son Gohan 's wife and mother of Pan.

Her name is derived from the anagram of the English word "devil".

## References
Margaret Lyons

**Margaret Lyons**    (November 21, 1923 – October 5, 2019), born **Keiko Margaret Inouye**, was the first female vice president of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). She was known for her role in the CBC's "Radio Revolution". Lyons was designated a Member of the Order of Canada in 2010 for her work in broadcasting.

Lyons died from medically assisted death in Toronto on October 5, 2019, at the age of 95.

## References
The Twilight Zone

**The Twilight Zone** could mean:
* The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)
* Twilight Zone: The Movie
* The Twilight Zone (2002 TV series)
Walter Fauntroy

**Walter Edward Fauntroy** (born February 6, 1933) is an American politician, civil rights activist and criminal. He is also a former delegate to the United States House of Representatives. He was a candidate for the 1972 and 1976 Democratic presidential nominations. 

In 2012, Fauntroy disappeared and presumably fled the United States after a bench warrant was issued for his arrest. In 2016, Fauntroy returned to the United States and was arrested at Washington Dulles International Airport. He had been hiding in Ajman, the capital of the Emirate of Ajman in the United Arab Emirates.

In 2018, his financial problems placed him in danger of losing his home.

## References
Josip Elic

**Josip Elic** (March 10, 1921 &ndash; October 21, 2019) was an American actor. He was born in Butte, Montana. He was best known for his role as Bancini in ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest''.

Elic died at a nursing home in River Edge, New Jersey on October 21, 2019 from problems caused by a fall, aged 98.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Don Valentine

**Donald Thomas Valentine** (June 26, 1932 – October 25, 2019) was an American  venture capitalist. His companies focused on technology companies in the United States. He was called the "grandfather of Silicon Valley venture capital".

Valentine died on October 25, 2019 in Woodside, California at the age of 87.

## References
Carlo Strenger

**Carlo Strenger** (; July 16, 1958 – October 25, 2019) was a Swiss-Israeli psychologist, philosopher, existential psychoanalyst and public intellectual. He was professor of psychology and philosophy at Tel Aviv University. He was a senior research fellow at the Center for the Study of Terrorism at John Jay College. He was a columnist for *Haaretz* and for *Neue Zürcher Zeitung*.

## References