Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

**Robert Francis Kennedy Jr.** (born January 17, 1954) is an American politician, radio host, activist, conspiracy theorist, and attorney in environmental law. Kennedy Jr. has been the 26th and current United States Secretary of Health and Human Services since 2025 during the second Donald Trump administration. He hosted the radio program *Ring of Fire*. He is also a vaccine hesitancy activist, and as a result, he has supported disinformation about them. 

Kennedy Jr. was an Independent candidate for President of the United States in the 2024 presidential election. He ran for the Democratic nomination against President Joe Biden before becoming an Independent. He ended his campaign in August 2024 to support former President Donald Trump's campaign. 

In November 2024, President-elect Trump nominated Kennedy Jr. to serve as the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in February 2025.

## Early life
Kennedy was born on January 17, 1954 in Washington, D.C., and raised in Massachusetts and Virginia. He was the third of eleven children to Ethel Skakel Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy. He is the nephew of John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy. Kennedy studied at Harvard University, University of Virginia School of Law, and at Pace University School of Law.

## Legal career
Kennedy Jr. began his career as an assistant district attorney in Manhattan. In the mid-1980s, he joined two nonprofits focused on environmental protection. His work at Riverkeeper created a long-term environmental legal standards. Kennedy won legal battles against large corporate polluters. 

Kennedy Jr. became a professor of environmental law at Pace University School of Law in 1986. In 1987, Kennedy founded Pace's Environmental Litigation Clinic. He was a supervising attorney and co-director there until 2018. He founded the nonprofit environmental group Waterkeeper Alliance in 1999, serving as the president of its board until 2020.

## Environmental activism
In 2013, Kennedy helped the Chipewyan First Nation in fighting to protect their land from tar sands production. In February 2013, while protesting the Keystone XL Pipeline Kennedy, along with his son, Conor, was arrested for blocking a thoroughfare in front of the White House during a protest.

## Anti-vaccination activism
Since 2005, Kennedy has supported anti-vaccine misinformation. and public-health conspiracy theories, including the false claim that vaccines cause autism. Kennedy has said that he supports medical freedom and does not believe the government should be involved with public health matters. He has been criticized by medical experts for his views. 

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, he has been a figure in COVID-19 vaccine misinformation in the United States. Many of his false health claims have been against Anthony Fauci, Bill Gates, and Joe Biden. 

Kennedy Jr. has written books including *The Real Anthony Fauci* (2021) and *A Letter to Liberals* (2022).

## 2024 presidential campaign
In April 2023, Kennedy announced his plans to run for President of the United States, challenging President Joe Biden for the Democratic nomination in the 2024 election. In October 2023, he withdrew from the Democratic nomination to run as an Independent.

In August 2024, Kennedy Jr. suspended his campaign and endorsed former President Donald Trump.

## U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services (2025–present)
### Nomination and confirmation hearings
On November 14, 2024, President-elect Trump nominated Kennedy Jr. to be his Secretary of Health and Human Services for his second administration. In December 2024, more than 75 Nobel Laureates urged the U.S. Senate to vote against Kennedy Jr.'s nomination, saying he would "put the public's health in jeopardy".

In January 2025, the Senate Committee on Finance and the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee (HELP) held hearings on Kennedy's nomination. Senator Bernie Sanders, the ranking member of the HELP committee, was very critical of Kennedy during the committee hearing.

On February 4, 2025, the Senate Committee on Finance voted 14–13 to forward Kennedy's nomination to a full Senate vote. Of the two committees Kennedy spoke before, only the Senate Finance was to vote on his nomination. On February 13, 2025, Kennedy was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the United States secretary of health and human services by a vote of 52 to 48, with former Senate Republican Conference leader Mitch McConnell being the only Republican to vote against him. 

### Tenure
Kennedy Jr. was sworn into office on February 13, 2025 at the White House by Supreme Court Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch. He is the first independent or third-party presidential candidate to become a cabinet member after running for president outside of the two major parties. Minutes after Kennedy was sworn in, President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 14211, which ordered the creation of a "Make America Healthy Again Commission" to be chaired by Kennedy. Its goals include investigating the causes of chronic childhood diseases and to find the threats caused by the prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, stimulants, and weight-loss drugs.

In April 2025, Kennedy fired most of the staff of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, closing nearly all its departments. In June 2025, Kennedy announced that he was removing all 17 members of the ACIP and replacing them with new members.

## Personal life
Kennedy was married to Emily Ruth Black from 1982 until they divorced in 1994. He was married to Mary Richardson from 1994 until her death in 2012. In 2014, he married actress Cheryl Hines. He has six children. Kennedy is a Roman Catholic.

Kennedy began having short-and-long-term memory loss in 2010. In 2012, he said that his neurological issues were because of "a worm that got into my brain and ate a portion of it and then died".

In July 2024, *Vanity Fair* reported that in the late 1990s, when he was in his 40s, Kennedy sexually harassed Eliza Cooney, a 23-year-old part-time babysitter for his children. Kennedy Jr. called this story "garbage" and untrue.

## References
## Other websites
* Pace Law School Profile 
* *The Waterkeepers* feature documentary (2000)
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* Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on Politifact