open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
This Land Is Your Land

in 1943.]]
"**This Land Is Your Land**" is one of the best known folk songs in the United States. Its lyrics were written by American folk singer Woody Guthrie in 1940, based on a melody that already existed. Guthrie's melody was very similar to the melody of "Oh, My Loving Brother". This was a Baptist gospel hymn that had been recorded by the Carter Family as "When the World's On Fire", and had inspired their "Little Darlin', Pal of Mine." He used the same melody for the chorus and the verses.

Guthrie did not like Irving Berlin's song "God Bless America", sung at that time by Kate Smith. Guthrie was angry with the positive (smug) attitude of the song. He thought it was not realistic and the words sounded too proud of the country. The song was popular and was being played on the radio all the time. Tired of hearing it on the radio, he wrote a response originally named "God Blessed America For Me".

Guthrie rewrote the lyrics and the title over time and the song finally became "This Land Is Your Land".  He sometimes added more overtly political verses in line with his views of communism than appear in recordings or publications.

Although Guthrie wrote the song in 1940, he did not record it until 1944. The song was not published until 1945, when it was included in a mimeographed booklet of ten songs with typed lyrics and hand drawings. The booklet was sold for twenty-five cents, and was copyrighted in 1951.

The first known professionally printed publication was in 1956 by Ludlow Music (now a unit of The Richmond Organization), which administered the publishing rights to Guthrie's song. Ludlow later issued versions with piano and guitar accompaniments.

In 2002, it was one of 50 recordings chosen that year by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry.

## References
## Other websites
* Library of Congress download
* The Bound for Glory  exhibit at the Museum of Musical Instruments includes images of Guthrie
* 1972 published version 
* lyrics as copyrighted in 1956
* Lyrics 
* 
* 
* Woody Guthrie's copyright notice at City of Sound
Isometry

**Isometry** is a concept of geometry. Isometry means that one shape can be transformed into another, but metrics such as the arrangement of the points in relation to each other stay the same. An isometry is a special way of changing things that makes sure the distance between every two points stays the same in both places. An isometry is a special kind of function that moves points from one location in space to some other location. Some of these ways include turning objects, reflecting them across an axis, translating them, or not moving them at all.

Most transformation that repeats itself after every two moves can either be a mirror image or a rotation by half. Every movement in a flat surface can be made by reflecting it at most three times. Every small group of transformations has at least one point that doesn't move. To be an isometry, a function needs to keep the distances between all points in both places the same. The distance from x to y is the same as the distance from f(x) to f(y).

If you draw something and then move it according to an isometry, the distances between the points on the first drawing will be the same as on the new drawing. Isometries are useful tools in many areas of mathematics, such as studying shapes, patterns, and how numbers behave. Metric spaces are helpful in geometry (and other branches of mathematics such as topology) because they help us study concepts such as symmetry, congruence, and transformations. 

## References
Selimiye Mosque

The **Selimiye Mosque** (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque, which is in  Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II, and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1569 and 1575.

## References
Chris Stapleton

**Chris Stapleton** (born April 15, 1978 in Lexington, Kentucky) is an American country musician. 
He studied engineering in college before quitting school to try to become a musician at age 23. He is now signed to Universal Music Group in Nashville. Stapleton has written six number-one songs. Those songs include the five-week number one single "Never Wanted Nothing More" recorded by Kenny Chesney, "Love's Gonna Make It Alright" recorded by George Strait and "Come Back Song" recorded by Darius Rucker.  

## Singles
*"Parachute" (2016)
*"Broken Halos" (2017)
*"Starting Over" (2020), number one on Hot Country Songs
*"You Should Probably Leave" (2021), number one on *Hot Country Songs* and Country Airplay
*"Think I'm in Love with You" (2024)

;Promotional recording
*"Tennessee Whiskey" (2015)

## Albums 
**Traveller* (2015)
**From A Room: Volume 1* (2017)
**From A Room: Volume 2* (2017)
**Starting Over* (2020)

## Related pages 
*List of country musicians from Kentucky

## References
List of awards and nominations received by Hugh Jackman

Australian actor and singer Hugh Jackman has won international recognition for his roles in major films, notably as superhero, period, and romance characters.

## Film awards
### Academy Awards 
### Australian Film Institute Award
### BAFTA Awards 
### Broadcast Film Critics Association Award 
### Golden Globe Awards 
### MTV Movie Awards 
### Kids' Choice Award
### Teen Choice Awards
### People's Choice Awards
### Saturn Award
### Screen Actors Guild Awards 
### Empire Awards
### Miscellaneous awards
## Music awards 
### Grammy Awards 
## Television awards
### Primetime Emmy Awards 
### Slammy Awards 
## Theatre awards
### Drama Desk Award
### Laurence Olivier Award
### Tony Awards
### Miscellaneous awards
## Other accolades
In November 2008, *People* magazine named Jackman that year's "Sexiest Man Alive."

On 21 April 2009, Jackman had his hand and footprint ceremony at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre.

He was awarded **Best Performance By A Human Male** award as Wolverine and a joint award for Best Cast award during the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards for the game X-Men Origins: Wolverine.

In December 2012, Jackman received a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame.

## References
[hugh jackman won the golden globe awards in 2013]
Cardiac muscle

A **cardiac muscle** (**heart muscle**) is one of the three main types of muscle in vertebrates. It is involuntary: a person cannot control it consciously. Also, it is a striped muscle in the walls of the heart. It makes up the tissue called the **myocardium**. 

The other types of muscle are the skeletal and smooth muscle. The cells that make up cardiac muscle  have one (74%) or two (24.5%) nuclei. The myocardium forms a thick middle layer between the outer epicardium layer and the inner endocardium layer.

Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart force blood out of the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems. This mechanism illustrates systole (contraction) of the heart.

Cardiac muscle cells, unlike most other tissues in the body, rely on the coronary arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products directly. There is no time for them to diffuse.

## Problems of the myocardium 
The heart muscle can become sick and weak.  For example, if a person has very high blood pressure (hypertension), part of the heart muscle can get overworked.  The heart muscle becomes bigger and cannot do its job as well.  This is called hypertrophy.

If a person has a problem with the system that controls the heart, the heart muscle may not beat the way it needs to.  It may beat too slowly to get blood out to the body (this is called bradycardia).  Or it may beat so fast that the heart does not have time to fill with blood and then squeeze the blood out to the body.  This is called tachycardia (there are many kinds).

The heart gets blood through the coronary arteries.  These are special blood vessels that carry blood only to the heart.  In order to do its job, the heart muscle needs a constant supply of blood and oxygen from the coronary arteries.  If these coronary arteries get blocked, blood flow to the heart muscle can stop.  Without blood flow, the heart muscle gets no oxygen.  If this lasts long enough, the part of the heart muscle which is not getting enough oxygen dies.  This is called a myocardial infarction, or a heart attack.

## References
Skeletal muscle

**Skeletal muscle** is a form of "striated" (striped) muscle tissue. It is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system (means it can be controlled using the conscious mind). Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers that are known as tendons. It is one of three muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. 

Skeletal muscle is made up of individual muscle cells or myocytes, known as *muscle fibres*. Muscle fibres do the work when muscles contract. A great deal is known about their structure and how they work. They contract when they get a nerve impulse.

Muscles provide strength, balance, posture, movement, and heat for the body to keep warm.

## Related pages
* Smooth muscle
* Heart muscle
* Heart
* Skeleton
* Actin

## References
Rebecca Soler

**Rebecca Soler** is an American voice actress who dubbed cartoons and anime for 4Kids Entertainment, Fox, Nickelodeon, Central Park Media and DuArt Film and Video. She grew up in Boston, MA and move it to Sugar Land, Texas. She is sometimes credited under the name "Jessica Paquet".

## Voice roles
### Animation 
* Chaotic - Sarah
* Huntik - Sophie Casterwill
* Viva Pinata - Ella Elephanilla and Simone Cinnamonkey
* Winx Club
** Tecna (Season 3) (4Kids dub)
** Stella (Season 7) (DuArt Dub)

### Anime 
* Magical DoRemi - Reanne Griffith
* Outlanders - Battia (CPM dub)
* Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal - Hart Tenjo & Kari Tsukumo

## Source
* Resume
Constitutionality

**Constitutionality** refers to the agreement with a nations constitution, especially a law. When a law violates a constitution, it is **unconstitutional**. Most constitutional issues in the United States involve the Bill of Rights. These are the first 10 amendments to the US constitution. Most constitutions establish the powers that a government may have. Only a government action can violate a state or federal constitution. An example is the US Constitution that guarantees that the United States may not have an official religion. This is why holiday decorations at a city hall displaying only Christian images would be unconstitutional.

## References
Fenethylline

**Fenethylline**, the generic name of **Captagon**, was first produced in the 1960s to treat hyperactivity, narcolepsy, and depression. It was banned in most countries by the 1980s for being too addictive. 

It remains popular in the Middle East and is used as a stimulant in the area to aid in combat. 

The drug is cheap and simple to produce, using ingredients that are easy and often legal to obtain, yet sells for up to $20 a tablet. A Lebanese psychiatrist, Ramzi Haddad, said that Captagon had "the typical effects of a stimulant", producing "a kind of euphoria. You're talkative, you don't sleep, you don't eat, you're energetic."
Hamilton County, Indiana

**Hamilton County** is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 347,467. The county seat is Noblesville.

## Cities
*Carmel
*Fishers
*Noblesville
*Westfield

## Towns
*Arcadia
*Atlanta
*Cicero
*Sheridan

## References
Atlanta, Indiana

**Atlanta** is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 712.

## References
1993 San Marino Grand Prix

]]
The **1993 San Marino Grand Prix** (known as the **13° Gran Premio di San Marino** by the people putting on the race) was a Formula One motor race held on 25 April 1993 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola, Italy. It was the third race of the 1993 Formula One season.

## Classification
### Qualifying
### Race
## Standings after the race
;Drivers' Championship standings

;Constructors' Championship standings

## Other websites 
*
*
Gunnar Hansen

**Gunnar Hansen** (March 4, 1947 &ndash; November 7, 2015) was an Icelandic-American actor and author. He was best known for playing the mentally-ill cannibal Leatherface in *The Texas Chain Saw Massacre* (1974). 

Hansen was born in Reykjavík, Iceland. He was raised in Maine and in Austin, Texas. He studied at the University of Texas at Austin. Hansen died of pancreatic cancer on November 7, 2015 at the age of 68.

## References
## Other websites
*Gunnar Hansen official web site
*
PSA Flight 182

**Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) Flight 182** was a Boeing 727-214 commercial airliner, registration,  that crashed with a private Cessna 172 light aircraft over San Diego, California on September 25, 1978. 

It was Pacific Southwest Airlines' first fatal accident. The death toll of 144 makes it the deadliest aircraft disaster in California history. Until the crash of American Airlines Flight 191, it was also the deadliest plane crash in U.S. aviation history.

Both aircraft crashed into North Park, a San Diego neighborhood, killing all 137 people on both aircraft and seven people on the ground in houses, including two children. Nine others on the ground were injured and 22 homes were destroyed or damaged by the impact and the spreading of debris.

The Boeing 727 flew in on top of and behind the Cessna, unbeknownst to the Cessna pilots. The larger 727's right wing flaps and left main landing gear collided with the Cessna, which immediately exploded and fell to the ground below in flames. The burning PSA continued on for another few kilometeres before crashing in a residential area with high vertical speed and exploding, killing everyone on board instantly.

## Other websites
*Article about Flight 182  on PSA History Page
*PSA Flight 182 & 1771 Memorial Page  at The PSA History Museum 
*San Diego magazine 20th anniversary article about the PSA Disaster - Archived copy from www.archive.org
*"Death Over San Diego", Time Magazine, October 9, 1978 
*TV Channel 10 (in San Diego) 25th Anniversary article with eyewitness accounts
José Ángel Espinoza

**José Ángel Espinoza Aragón** (October 2, 1919 &ndash; November 6, 2015), also known as ***Ferrusquilla***, was a Mexican singer-songwriter and movie actor. He was the father of actress Angélica Aragón. He also was a composer working with the SACM (Society of Authors and Composers of Mexico)  He was known for his roles in *House of Evil* and in *Two Mules for Sister Sara*. He was born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa.

Espinoza died in Mexico City, Mexico from pneumonia, aged 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dylan O'Brien

'''Dylan O'Brien'* (born August 26, 1991) is an American actor and musician. He is best know for his role as "Stiles" Stilinski in the MTV series *Teen Wolf''. O'Brien also plays Thomas in the science fiction adventures *Maze Runner Series*. 

## Early life 
O'Brien was born in New York City. His parents are Lisa O'Brien, a former actress and Patrick O'Brien, a camera operator. He grew up in Springfield Township, New Jersey. When he was twelve his family moved to Hermosa Beach, California. His father has Irish ancestry. His mother has Italian, English and Spanish ancestry. At fourteen, O'Brien began to post videos on his Youtube channel. Because of that, a local producer and director discovered him.

## Career 
He went to several auditions. After meeting a manager he got one of the main roles in MTV's *Teen Wolf*, a series based on the 1985 movie of the same name. He was originally planning to audition for the role of Scott, but after reading the script, O'Brien decided to audition for the role of Stiles. In 2013, O'Brien co-starred in the comedy movie *The Internship*, with Vince Vaughn and Owen Wilson. O'Brien played the lead role as Thomas in *The Maze Runner*, a movie adaptation of the novel of the same name. They began filming in the summer of 2013. At the end of October 2014, he started filming the sequel *Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials* in New Mexico. It was d on September  18, 2015 in the United States.

## Personal life 
O'Brien had previously been in a long-term relationship with  actress Britt Robertson, whom he met on the set of *The First Time* in 2011. In October 2018, it was reported that the couple had split.O'brien was seen in January 2023 at Paris Fashion Week with model and current girlfriend, Rachael Lange. O’Brien tends to keep his personal life private but has shared his close friendships with past co-stars Thomas Brodie Sangster and Tyler Posey in *The Maze Runner* Trilogy and *Teen Wolf Series* respectively. 

## Filmography 
### Film
### Television
## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
*''Dylan O'Brien''  profile on MTV
Spectre (2015 movie)

***Spectre*** is a 2015 British-American spy movie and the twenty-fourth *James Bond* series produced by Eon Productions for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures. It is the fourth movie to feature Daniel Craig as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond and the second movie in the series directed by Sam Mendes following *Skyfall*, and was written by John Logan, Neal Purvis, Robert Wade and Jez Butterworth. It is the last *James Bond* movie to be distributed by Columbia Pictures, as Universal Pictures will internationally distribute the next movie in the series, *No Time to Die*.

The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre and their enigmatic leader Ernst Stavro Blofeld (Christoph Waltz), who plans to launch a national surveillance network to mastermind criminal activities across the globe. The movie marks Spectre and Blofeld's first appearance in an Eon Productions movie since 1971's *Diamonds Are Forever*; a character resembling Blofeld had previously appeared in the 1981 movie, *For Your Eyes Only*, but, because of the *Thunderball* controversy, he is not named, nor is his face shown. Several *James Bond* characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny, return, with new additions Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh and Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra.

*Spectre* was filmed from December 2014 to July 2015 in Austria, the United Kingdom, Italy, Morocco and Mexico. The action scenes prioritised practical effects and stunts, while employing computer-generated imagery made by five different companies. *Spectre* was estimated to have cost around $245 million—with some sources listing it as high as $300 million—making it the most expensive Bond movie and one of the most expensive movies ever made.

*Spectre* was released on 26 October 2015 in the United Kingdom on the same night of the world premiere at the London Royal Albert Hall. It was followed by a worldwide release, including IMAX screenings. It was released in the United States and Canada on 6 November, and received fairly positive reviews from critics who praised the movie's action sequences, cinematography, acting and musical score, but criticized the screenplay and pacing. The theme song "Writing's on the Wall", performed and co-written by Sam Smith, won an Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Original Song. *Spectre* grossed over $880 million worldwide, making it the sixth-highest-grossing movie of 2015 and the second-largest unadjusted total for the series after *Skyfall*.

The next movie in the series, *No Time to Die*, was released in 2021, with Craig reprising his role for the fifth and last time. It was directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga.

## Cast 
* Daniel Craig as James Bond
* Christoph Waltz as Franz Oberhauser / Ernst Stavro Blofeld
* Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann
* Ben Whishaw as Q
* Naomie Harris as Eve Moneypenny
* Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx
* Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh / C
* Rory Kinnear as Bill Tanner
* Jesper Christensen as Mr. White
* Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra
* Ralph Fiennes as M

## References
## Other websites
* – official site
*
Harrisville, New Hampshire

**Harrisville** is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population of the town was 984 at the 2020 census. It was founded in 1870.

## References
Gerhard Sommer

**Gerhard Sommer** (24 June 1921 – 2019) was a SS-*Untersturmführer* (Second Lieutenant) in the 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division *Reichsführer-SS*. He was involved in the massacre of 560 civilians on 12 August 1944 in the Italian village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema. He is on the Simon Wiesenthal Center's list of most wanted Nazi war criminals.

As of May 2006 Sommer was living in a nursing home in Hamburg-Volksdorf, Germany. In May 2015 Sommer was declared unfit for trial by prosecutors in Germany In  He died in 2019.

## References
## Other websites
*  „Die NS-Mörder sind noch unter uns. SS-Kriegsverbrecher Gerhard Sommer lebt bis heute unbehelligt in Hamburg.“ 
*  Rechtspolitische Initiative zum Fall Gerhard Sommer aus dem Forschungsansatz „Systemkritik: Deutsche Justizverbrechen“
*  Das Massaker von Sant’Anna di Stazzema am 12. August 1944 - Materialiensammlung 1 für eine bundesweite Kampagne zur Anklageerhebung in Deutschland
Tom Graveney

**Thomas William "Tom" Graveney** OBE (16 June 1927 &ndash; 3 November 2015) was a leading English cricketer. He represented his country in 79 Test matches and scoring over 4,800 runs. In a career lasting from 1948 to 1972, he was the 15th person to score one hundred first-class centuries, and the first post-war player to do so. 

## Early life
Graveney was born in Riding Mill, Hexham, Northumberland on 16 June 1927. His brother was Ken Graveney, also a cricketer. Graveney studied at the Bristol Grammar School.

## Career
He played for Gloucestershire and Worcestershire, and helped Worcestershire win the county championship for the first time in their history. His achievements for England after being recalled in 1966 have been described as "the stuff of legend." Graveney was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1953, captained England on one occasion and was awarded the OBE while still playing.

In later life he worked as a cricket commentator for BBC Television and was the first former professional to be President of the Marylebone Cricket Club.  He was one of the first 55 players inducted to the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame in 2009.

## Personal life
Graveney was married to Jackie Graveney from 1952 until her death of Alzheimer's disease in 2013. Graveney's brother, Ken, died on 25 October 2015. A week after his brother's death, Graveney died on 3 November 2015 from Parkinson's disease at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
* ESPN Cricket biography
* Cricket Archive biography
Piotr Domaradzki

**Piotr Krystian Domaradzki** (June 21, 1946 – November 4, 2015) was a Polish-American journalist, essayist and historian. He had a longtime association with Chicago's Polish community. He worked for 30 years at *Dziennik Związkowy* (*Alliance Daily*), the oldest and largest Polish language newspaper in the United States. From October 2009 to March 2013, he served as the paper's editor-in-chief. He emigrated from Poland in 1984 and became a U.S. citizen in 1996.

Domaradzki died in Chicago, Illinois from complications following injuries sustained in a house fire, aged 69.

## References
Axes

**Axes** can refer to:

*The plural of *axe,* an ancient tool.
*The x-axis and y-axis of the Cartesian coordinate system.
Rhea Chiles

**Rhea Chiles** (December 1, 1930 &ndash; November 8, 2015) was an American philanthropist and writer. She was the former First Lady of the State of Florida serving from 1991 to 1998. She was married to the late Governor Lawton Chiles. 

In 1998, Chiles founded The Lawton Chiles Foundation, which carries on the commitment of her husband to benefit the lives of children in Florida. In 2009, Chiles was designated a Distinguished Floridian by the Florida Economics Club at an event hosted by former Florida Supreme Court Justice Major B. Harding and keynoted by former United States Senator Sam Nunn. 

Chiles died from a long-illness at her home in Anna Maria Islands, Florida at the age of 84.

## References
Charles Duncan Michener

**Charles Duncan Michener** (September 22, 1918 &ndash; November 1, 2015) was an American entomologist. He was born in Pasadena, California. He was a leading expert on bees, his *magnum opus* being *The Bees of the World*.

## References
## His books
* Michener, C. D. (1974). *The Social Behavior of the Bees*. Harvard University Press. 404 pp.
* Michener, C. D. (2000). *The Bees of the World*. Johns Hopkins University Press. 913 pp.
Tribute to Uncle Ray

***Tribute to Uncle Ray*** is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder (then known as "**Little** Stevie Wonder") . It was released in October 1962, not long after Wonder's debut album *The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie*, which was also released in 1962.

## Background
The album was released to match the success of Ray Charles who was also a blind African American R&B singer.

## Track listing
All songs composed by Ray Charles, except where indicated.

#"Hallelujah I Love Her So"
#"Ain't That Love"
#"Don't You Know"
#"The Masquerade" (Herbert Magidson, Allie Wrubel)
#"Frankie & Johnny" (Traditional)
#"Drown in My Own Tears" (Henry Glover)
#"Come Back Baby"
#"Mary Ann"
#"Sunset" (Stevie Wonder, Clarence Paul)
#"My Baby's Gone" (Berry Gordy, Jr.)

## References
Davidson County, Tennessee

**Davidson County** is a county located in middle Tennessee. The state capitol, Nashville, is in Davidson County and is the county seat. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 715,884 people.

## References
Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius

***Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius*** is the first live album by Stevie Wonder (then known as "Little Stevie Wonder") . The album was released on the Tamla record label on May 31, 1963. It was also the first album that Wonder released in 1963, the second was *With a Song in My Heart*.

## Track listing 
#"Fingertips" (Henry Cosby, Clarence Paul) – 6:40
#"Soul Bongo" (Marvin Gaye, Paul) – 3:01
#"La La La La La" (Paul) – 2:34
#"(I'm Afraid) The Masquerade Is Over" (Herbert Magidson, Allie Wrubel) – 5:13
#"Hallelujah I Love Her So" (Ray Charles) – 2:48
#"Drown in My Own Tears" (Henry Glover) – 3:23
#"Don't You Know" (Charles, Berry Gordy) – 3:19

## Chart positions 
## References
List of bridges in Azerbaijan

This is a **list of bridges in Azerbaijan**.

## Historic bridges
## Modern bridges
## Related pages
*List of bridges

## Notes
The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie

***The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie*** is the 1962 debut album by Stevie Wonder (then known as "**Little** Stevie Wonder") on the Tamla (a label owned by Motown) label. Wonder was eleven years old when it was released. It was also the first album Wonder released in 1962, the second was *Tribute to Uncle Ray*.

## Background
This is Wonder's only studio album in which he does not sing; he plays on percussion, the keyboard, and the harmonica.  Wonder's mentors Clarence Paul and Henry Cosby wrote and produced the songs on *The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie Wonder*, with Wonder also co-writing two of the songs on the album.

## Track listing
### Side one
#"Fingertips" (Henry Cosby, Clarence Paul) – 3:00
#"The Square" (Cosby, Paul) – 3:03
#"Soul Bongo" (Marvin Gaye, Paul) – 2:20
#"Manhattan at Six" (Cosby, Paul) – 3:47
#"Paulsby" (Cosby, Paul) – 2:47

### Side two
#"Some Other Time" (Cosby, Paul) – 5:11
#"Wondering" (Paul, Stevie Wonder) – 2:51
#"Session Number 112" (Paul, Wonder) – 3:18
#"Bam" (Berry Gordy, Jr.) – 3:34

## References
Pevensey

**Pevensey** is a village and civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England. The main village is located 5&nbsp;miles (8&nbsp;km) north-east of Eastbourne, one mile (1.6&nbsp;km) inland from Pevensey Bay.  The settlement of  **Pevensey Bay** forms part of the parish. It was here that William the Conqueror first landed on and invaded England in 1066 after crossing the English Channel from Normandy, France.

## Name
The name *Pevensey* was first recorded in 947 as *Pefenesea*, meaning "River of [a man named] Pefen". It comes from the Anglo-Saxon personal name *Pefen* plus *eã*, meaning "river". This is probably a reference to the now largely silted-up marshes.

## History
In the 290s the Romans built a fort at Pevensey, which they named Anderitum. In 471 Saxons attacked Pevensey and the fort was abandoned for centuries. When William the Conqueror invaded England in September 1066, he landed at Pevensey. The bay provided a safe haven for his fleet of 700 ships. The English army had been awaiting Duke William's arrival on the south coast all summer. With supplies running short King Harold allowed his soldiers to return home. When Harald Hardrada the king of Norway invaded northern England in late September, King Harold gathered his army and moved north to York, 250 miles away, to meet the invaders. William, meanwhile, moved his army and fleet to Hastings and built a castle while he awaited Harold and his army. 

## References
NoSQL

A very common programming language for accessing a database is called SQL. Many of these databases use the mathematical concept of relations to store the data. **NoSQL** is a term for databases that do not use relations, to store the data in the database. Relational databases have the benefit of being able to guarantee that all the data stored in the database is consistent. The drawback of this is that the cost of indexing the data grows with the amount of data. 

NoSQL approaches do not give strong guarantees about consistency, but they are able to better handle the situations where relational database systems have problems coping.

NoSQL is a non-relational DBMS, that does not require a fixed schema, avoid joins, and is easy to scale.

The purpose of using a NoSQL database is for distributed data stores with humongous data storage needs.

NoSQL is used for Big data and real-time web apps. For example, companies like twitter, Facebook, google collect terabytes of user data every single day.

NoSQL DBs could be grouped as follows, but these are archetypes rather than strict boundaries :

* Wide Column Stores, like Cassandra.
* Key Value Stores, like Redis.
* Document DBs, like CouchDB.
* Graph DBs, like Neo4j.

## References
With a Song in My Heart (Stevie Wonder album)

***With a Song In My Heart*** is Stevie Wonder's third album, released in 1963 on the Tamla label. The album was the first album of Wonder's not to be released as "**Little** Stevie Wonder" because he was getting older and taller. It was also the second album of Wonder's to be released in 1963.

## Track listing
#"With a Song in My Heart" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) – 3:11
#"When You Wish Upon a Star" (Ned Washington, Leigh Harline) – 2:59
#"Smile" (Charlie Chaplin, Geoffrey Parsons, John Turner) – 3:20
#"Make Someone Happy" (Betty Comden, Adolph Green, Jule Styne) – 5:04
#"Dream" (Johnny Mercer) – 2:50
#"Put on a Happy Face" (Charles Strouse, Lee Adams) – 2:37
#"On the Sunny Side of the Street" (Dorothy Fields, Jimmy McHugh) – 3:58
#"Get Happy" (Harold Arlen, Ted Koehler) – 2:12
#"Give Your Heart a Chance" (Ron Miller, Orlando Murden, O'Neil) – 2:16
#"Without a Song" (Edward Eliscu, Billy Rose, Vincent Youmans) – 4:14

## References
McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II

The **McDonnell Douglas** (now **Boeing**) **AV-8B Harrier II** is a single-engine ground-attack aircraft. It is the second generation of the Harrier Jump Jet family. It is capable of vertical or short takeoff and landing (V/STOL). The aircraft was designed in the late 1970s as an Anglo-American development of the British Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the first operational V/STOL aircraft. It can hover like a helicopter but can also fly like a jet at near supersonic speeds. It is named after a bird of prey of the same name. It is primarily used on light attack or multi-role missions. These range from close air support of ground troops to armed reconnaissance. The AV-8B is used by the United States Marine Corps (USMC), the Spanish Navy, and the Italian Navy. A variant of the AV-8B, the British Aerospace Harrier II, was developed for the British military. Another is the TAV-8B, is a dedicated two-seat trainer.

The project that eventually led to the AV-8B's creation started in the early 1970s. It was a cooperative effort between the United States and United Kingdom (UK). it was aimed at working on solving the problems of the first-generation Harrier. Early efforts centered on a larger, more powerful Pegasus engine to improve the Harrier's performance. The UK dropped out of the project in 1975.

Following the withdrawal of the UK, McDonnell Douglas extensively redesigned the earlier AV-8A Harrier to create the AV-8B. While retaining the general layout of its predecessor, the aircraft uses a new wing, an elevated cockpit, a redesigned fuselage, one extra hardpoint per wing, and other structural and aerodynamic changes. The aircraft is powered by an upgraded version of the Pegasus, which gives the aircraft its V/STOL ability. The AV-8B made its maiden flight in November 1981 and entered service with the USMC in January 1985. Later upgrades added a night-attack capability and radar. This resulted in the AV-8B(NA) and AV-8B Harrier II Plus, respectively. An enlarged version named Harrier III was also studied, but was not built. The UK, through British Aerospace, re-joined the improved Harrier project as a partner in 1981. After corporate mergers in the 1990s, Boeing and BAE Systems have jointly supported the program. Approximately 340 aircraft were produced in a 22-year production program that ended in 2003.

## References
Skandagupta

**Skandagupta** () (died 470) was a Gupta Emperor of northern India. It is unsure about who were the ancestors of the Gupta Empire. He faced some of the greatest challenges in the annals of the empire having to contend with the Pushyamitras and the Hunas (a name by which the "White Huns" were known in India). He died in 467. He ascended the throne as successor of kumaragupta in 455 AD. 

## References
Deem Bristow

**Deem Bristow** (April 11, 1947 - January 15, 2005) was an American actor. He has voiced many characters across animated series and video games, and was best known for his role as Dr. Eggman in the Sonic the Hedgehog video game series from 1998 to 2004.

## Death
Bristow died on January 15, 2005 from heart failure in San Diego, California at the age of 57.

## Movies and television
### Movies
**Freeway* - TV interviewer
**Glitch!* - Newscaster
*''I Am Joe's Ear* - Joe
**Problem Child* - Additional voices
**Terminal Exposure* - Anchorman

### Television
**Paranoia Agent* - Masami Hirukawa
**Rumic Theater: Mermaid Forest* - Flower Shop Owner, Manager Hosoda
**R.O.D the TV* - Old Man, Chief Researcher
**Quantum Leap* - King
**Spirit of Wonder: China-san no yûutsu* - Breckenridge
**Texhnolyze* - The Sage Of Gabe

### Video games
**Angel Devoid: Face of the Enemy* - Dr. Silvanus, Rev. Gold
**Blue Stinger* - Dogs Bower
**Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth'' - Jack's Father, Cult Member, Cutter Urania Navigation Officer
**D2* - Additional voices
**Dark Seed* - Additional voices
**Diablo II* - Meshif
**Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas* - Kenny Sinclair
**Dungeon Lords* - Galdryn, Lord Graemare, Urcula
**High Seize* - Black Barlow, Crimson Bob, Ezekiel Wiggins
**Sonic Advance 3* - Dr. Eggman
**Sonic Adventure* - Dr. Eggman
**Sonic Adventure 2* - Dr. Eggman
**Sonic Battle* - Dr. Eggman
**Sonic Heroes* - Dr. Eggman
**Sonic Riders* - Dr. Eggman (archive footage)
**Sonic Shuffle* - Dr. Eggman

## References 
## Other websites
*
Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero

**Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero** (; 29 May 1942 –  8 November 2015) was a Sinhalese Buddhist Bikku. He was a well-known socialist and social justice activist. He was a Buddhist style non-violent revolutionary and he led campaigns that toppled the Sri-Lankan government on several occasions. He was the chief monk of the Kotte Naga Vihara. He played a key role to bring a new government in 2015 defeating Mahinda Rajapaksa, where he supported a common candidate Maithripala Sirisena for presidency, and Ranil Wickremesinghe to form a new government.    

Ven Sobitha died at the age of 73 on 8 November 2015 from multiple organ failure at the Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore.

## References
Vladimir Alekno

**Vladimir Romanovich Alekno**; (born in Polotsk on 4 December 1966) is a former Russian volleyball player and current volleyball coach. He coaches the Russia men's national volleyball team.

## References
Raúl Lozano

**Raúl Lucio Lozano** (born September 3, 1956 in La Plata, Argentina) is a former Argentine volleyball player. He first coached for Estudiantes de La Plata. In 2005-2008 Lozano was the head coach of Poland's national volleyball team.  He has also coached other top-level teams in Europe including teams from Italy, Greece, and Spain. In 2009 he coached the German team for two years. He was then the head coach of Czarni Radom in Poland. He serves as head coach for the Ukraine national team. 

On November 17, 2015, it was announced that Raúl Lucio will coach the Iranian national volleyball team.  He replaced Slobodan Kovac who is the former coach of the Iranian team.

## References
Bowerhill

**Bowerhill** is a suburb of Melksham, Wiltshire, England. It is located to the south of the town. There is a small primary school, a Tesco store and a sports centre in the village. During World War II, Bowerhill was home of a major Royal Air Force Station, RAF Melksham. 

## References
Jackie Evancho

**Jacqueline Marie** "**Jackie**" **Evancho** ( ; born April 9, 2000) is an American classical crossover singer. Evancho plays piano, flute, and is also a songwriter. She has one platinum and one gold album. Evancho has even performed at Carnegie Hall. She finished in second place behind Michael Grimm. Evancho starred in the 2012 movie "The Company You Keep" with Robert Redford.

## References
Stevie at the Beach

***Stevie at the Beach*** is the fourth album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder released on the Tamla (Motown) label on June 23, 1964. He wouldn't release another album until *Up-Tight* which was released in 1966, two years later.

## Track listing
#"Castles in the Sand" (Hal Davis, Marc Gordon, Mary O'Brien, Frank Wilson) - 2:11
#"Ebb Tide" (Robert Maxwell, Carl Sigman) - 1:45
#"Sad Boy" (Dorsey Burnette, Gerald Nelson) - 2:28
#"Red Sails in the Sunset" (Hugh Williams) - 2:01
#"The Beachcomber" (Stevie Wonder) - 1:46
#"Castles in the Sand (Instrumental)" (Davis, Gordon, O'Brien, Wilson) - 1:52
#"Happy Street" (George Everette Hemric, Jule Styne) - 2:19
#"The Party at the Beach House" (Frank Wilson) - 2:03
#"Hey Harmonica Man" (Marty Cooper, Lou Josie) - 2:38
#"Beachstomp" (Hal Davis,  Frank Wilson) - 2:38
#"Beyond the Sea" (Charles Trenet, Jack Lawrence) - 2:46

## References
Arden Hayes

**Arden Hayes** (born January 30, 2008) is a middle school student from Southern California, United States. Because of his great knowledge of American presidents, he became famous at the age of five, in addition to reciting Lincoln's Gettysburg Address and being able to identify the countries of the worlds and their capitals.

His interest in  American presidents, started when he was learning about who was born on his birthday, and he realized that he was born the same day that Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

On July 2, 2013, Arden appeared on *Jimmy Kimmel Live!* to demonstrate his knowledge of the U.S. presidents. On November 5, 2013, Arden appeared again on *Jimmy Kimmel Live!*, and this time showed his knowledge of the countries of the world and their capitals, in addition to decline a free Sony Xperia Tablet Z because he preferred to wait until Christmas to receive an Apple iPad. He appeared on *Jimmy Kimmel Live!* for third time on April 2, 2014, to show his knowledge of the  elements in the periodic table.

## References
Ernst Fuchs

**Ernst Fuchs** (February 13, 1930 &ndash; November 9, 2015) was an Austrian painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, architect, stage designer, composer, poet, and singer. He was born in Vienna. He was one of the founders of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism. In 1972, he bought the Otto Wagner Villa in Hütteldorf, which he restored and transformed. The villa was inaugurated as the Ernst Fuchs Museum in 1988.

Fuchs died at the age of 85 on November 9, 2015 in Vienna.

## References
Tommy Hanson

**Thomas J. "Tommy" Hanson Jr.** (August 28, 1986 &ndash; November 9, 2015) was an American professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Atlanta Braves and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. Hanson made his MLB debut with Atlanta that season, and played with the Braves through 2012. He pitched his final season in 2013 with the Angels, who had acquired him in a trade.

On November 9, 2015, Hanson was reported to be in a coma with "catastrophic organ failure." He died at Piedmont Hospital in Atlanta later that night at the age of 29.

## References
Pat Eddery

**Patrick James John "Pat" Eddery** (18 March 1952 – 10 November 2015) was an Irish flat racing jockey and horse trainer. He was born in Newbridge, County Kildare.

, 2000]]
He rode three winners of the Epsom Derby, and was Champion Jockey eleven times. He is co-holder of the record for most wins in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. He rode the winners of 4,632 British flat races, a figure passed only by Sir Gordon Richards.

Eddery died on 10 November 2015 from cirrhosis, aged 63. He had long battled alcoholism.

## References
Allen Toussaint

**Allen Toussaint** (; January 14, 1938 &ndash; November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter-composer, record producer, and influential figure in New Orleans R&B.

Many of Toussaint's songs became familiar through cover versions by other musicians, including "Working in the Coal Mine", "Ride Your Pony", "Fortune Teller", "Play Something Sweet", "Southern Nights", "Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky", "I'll Take a Melody", "Get Out of My Life, Woman" and "Mother-in-Law".

## Early life
Toussaint was born in Gert Town, New Orleans. He was raised in Gert Town and in New Orleans. His mother was Naomi Neville.

## Career 
In 1960, Toussaint was hired as a record producer by a label in New Orleans.  He was also looking for new talent to sign to the label, named Minit Records. Toussaint played piano, wrote, and produced many hit records in the early and mid 1960s for New Orleans R&B artists.    Some examples are:
*Jessie Hill's "Ooh Poo Pah Doo"
*Ernie K-Doe's "Mother-in-Law", written by Toussaint
*Chris Kenner's "I Like It Like That"
*"Ruler of My Heart", recorded by Irma Thomas. This song was later recorded  again by Otis Redding (with the title "Pain in My Heart"), and by The Rolling Stones on their second album.
* In 1964, "A Certain Girl" (originally by Ernie K-Doe) was the B-side of the first single by The Yardbirds; the song was released again in 1980 by Warren Zevon.
 in 2013 (pictured with President Obama)]]

## Honors 
In 1998, Toussaint was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame  and in 2009 into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame.  On May 9, 2011, he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.

In 2013 he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama.

## Death 
Toussaint died while touring in Madrid, Spain after suffering a heart attack at his hotel, aged 77.

Toussaint’s two marriages ended in divorce. He is survived by his two children, son Clarence (better known as Reginald) and daughter Alison, and by several grandchildren. His children had managed his career in recent years.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*Audio interview with Allen Toussaint on the Sodajerker On Songwriting podcast
*Allen Toussaint profile, NPR.org; accessed October 5, 2014. 
*Allen Toussaint profile, discogs.com; accessed October 5, 2014. 
*[ Allen Toussaint profile], allmusic.com; accessed October 5, 2014. 
*Allen Toussaint NYNO Records profile , nynorecords.com; accessed October 5, 2014. 
*List of chart records written by Toussaint, MusicVF.com, accessed November 11, 2015
*Allen Toussaint profile , preshallben.tumblr.com, October 5, 2014.
Tim Valentine

**Itimous Thaddeus "Tim" Valentine, Jr.** (March 15, 1926 &ndash; November 10, 2015), generally known as **Tim Valentine**, was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina from 1983 to 1995.

He was in the United States Air Force from 1944 to 1946.

Valentine died at his home in Rocky Mount, North Carolina on November 10, 2015 from heart failure at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*U.S. Congress Biographical Directory entry
*NC Spin profile
André Glucksmann

**André Glucksmann** (; 19 June 1937 – 10 November 2015) was a French philosopher, activist and writer. He was a member of the French new philosophers.

## Early life
Glucksmann was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France to a Jewish family. He studied at the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud in Lyon, France.

## Career
Glucksmann became well-known during the 1970s for his support of the Vietnamese boat people. He was an outspoken critic of Nazism and communism.

Later in life, he was known for his views and beliefs of the September 11 attacks. He wrote a book about how god had nothing to do with the 9/11 attacks called *Dostoyevsky in Manhattan*. Glucksmann supported military action in Afghanistan and Iraq. He was highly critical of Russian foreign policy, supporting a call for Chechen independence.

In August 2008 he co-signed an open letter with Václav Havel, Desmond Tutu, and Wei Jingsheng calling upon the Chinese authorities to respect human rights both during and after the Beijing Olympic Games.

## Death
Glucksmann died of cancer on 10 November 2015 in Paris, France, aged 78.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Philosopher André Glucksmann: A Dark Vision of the Future of Europe
Line of Actual Control

The **Line of Actual Control** (LAC) is the effective border between India and China. The LAC is 4,057-km long and traverses three areas of northern Indian states: western (Ladakh, Kashmir), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh). Quote: "India is used to incursions by Chinese troops across the 3488-km LAC in all the three sectors—western (Ladakh), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh)— in a bid to strengthen China's claim over disputed areas and ensure New Delhi does not change its Tibet policy."

Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai used the phrase in a letter addressed to Indian Prime Minister **Nehru** dated October 24, 1959. In a letter dated November 7, Zhou told Nehru that the LAC consisted of "the so-called McMahon Line in the east and the line up to which each side exercises actual control in the west". During the Sino-Indian War (1962), Nehru claimed not to know where the line was: "There is no sense or meaning in the Chinese offer to withdraw twenty kilometers from what they call 'line of actual control'. What is this 'line of control'? Is this the line they have created by aggression since the beginning of September? Advancing forty or sixty kilometers by blatant military aggression and offering to withdraw twenty kilometers provided both sides do this is a deceptive device which can fool nobody."  It should be noted that these incursions were in response to India's "forward policy" in which India began to contest areas controlled by China, including some that were not included in the McMahon Line.

## References
Samantha Cristoforetti

**Samantha Cristoforetti** (born April 26, 1977) is an Italian European Space Agency astronaut, Italian Air Force pilot an engineer. She is the first Italian woman in space and until 2017, held the record for the woman with most time spent in space with 199 days and 16 hours. This record is now held by Christina Koch. Cristoforetti is also the first person in prepare an espresso in space.

## Biography 
Cristoforetti was born in Milan in 1977. She spent her childhood in Malè, Val di Sole, Trentino, Italy. When she was 18, she took a US foreign exchange program and attended Space Camp.

On July 3, 2012, the European Space Agency assigned to Cristoforetti a long-duration mission to the ISS in 2014.
## References 
## Other websites 
*ESA biography
*
*Samantha Cristoforetti at ESA website.
Laurent Vidal

**Laurent Vidal** (18 February 1984 &ndash; 10 November 2015) was a French professional triathlete, three time French Champion (2009, 2011 and 2012) and two time Olympian. In Beijing 2008 he placed 36th while he took the 5th place in London 2012. He was born in Sete.

On 10 November 2015, Vidal died at the age of 31 after a heart attack in Gigean.

## References