Edo period

, also called the **Tokugawa period** (徳川時代 *Tokugawa-jidai*), is the time between 1600 and 1868 in the history of Japan.  During this long time Japanese society was ruled by the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional feudal lords.

These years come after the Azuchi-Momoyama period, and before the Meiji Restoration and the development of modern Japan.

The Tokugawa shogunate was  at Edo in 1603 by the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period was marked by the influence of neo-Confucianism and Shinto. The 15th and last shogun was Tokugawa Yoshinobu.

The period ended with the Meiji Restoration, which was the restoration of imperial rule. The Edo period is also known as the beginning of the early modern period of Japan.

## Timeline
In 1600, the Battle of Sekigahara establishes a context for the next two centuries. Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats a coalition of daimyo and establishes hegemony over most of Japan.
* **1603** (* Keichō 8*): The emperor appoints Ieyasu as shogun.
* **1614** (* Keichō 17*): Shogunate bans Christianity from Japan.
* **1615**  (* Keichō 18*):  Battle of Osaka; Ieyasu destroys Osaka Castle and the Toyotomi clan.
* **1623** (*Genna 9*): Tokugawa Iemitsu becomes the third shogun.
* **1774** (''An'ei 3*): *Kaitai shinsho*, the first complete Japanese translation of a Western medical work, is published by Sugita Gempaku and Maeno Ryotaku.
* **1792** (*Kansei 4*): Russian envoy Adam Laxman arrives at Nemuro in eastern Ezo (now Hokkaidō).
* **1804** (*Kyōwa 4*): Russian envoy Nikolai Rezanov reaches Nagasaki and unsuccessfully seeks the establishment of trade relations with Japan.
*  **1837** (*Tenpō 8*): Ōshio Heihachirō  and Ikuta Yorozu lead uprising was known as *Tempo Jiken*
* **1841** (*Tenpō 12*): Tempo Reforms
* **1854** (*Kaei 7*): Commodore Perry forces the Japanese agreement to the Treaty of Kanagawa.  The chief Japanese negotiator was Hayashi Akira.
* **1855** (*Ansei 2*):  Russia and Japan establish diplomatic relations.
* **September 5–6, 1864** (*Genji 1, 5th-6th day of the 8th month*): Bombardment of Shimonoseki by British, French, Dutch and American warships

In 1868, Tokugawa Yoshinobu resigns, the Tokugawa shogunate ends. This marks the end of the Edo period. Emperor Meiji establishes his Imperial capital in Edo, which is renamed Tokyo ("eastern capital").

## Picture gallery

File:Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG|Tokugawa Ieyasu, first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate
File:KokyoTowerM1105.jpg |A *yagura'', or turret, at Edo Castle in Tokyo.
File:Hasekura in Rome.JPG |Hasekura Tsunenaga, a Samurai and Japan's first official ambassador to the Americas and Europe, 1613-1620.
File:MatsumotoCastle.jpg|Matsumoto Castle in Nagano Prefecture
File:Nihonbashi-Fish-Market-Prosperity-Ukiyoe-Utagawa-Kuniyasu.png|Nihonbashi Fish Market Prosperity (Edo period) by Utagawa Kuniyasu
File:Bungaku-Bandai_no-Takara-Terakoya-School-by-Issunshi-Hanasato.png|Terakoya, private educational school
File:Le Musée Paul Dupuy - Horloge japonaise à double foliot (Wadokei) - Période Edo.jpg|Wadokei, Japanese-made clockwatch, 18th century.
File:First_Japanese_treatise_on_Western_anatomy.jpg|*Kaitai Shinsho*, Japan's first treatise on Western anatomy, published in 1774.
File:The Great Wave off Kanagawa.jpg|The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Katsushika Hokusai (1760&ndash;1849).

## Economy Trade Diplomacy
In the Edo period, Japan developed very much economically, and accumulation of the capital became the driving force of the economic development after the Meiji restoration. Because many daimyos stayed at the inn along the highway by daimyo's alternate-year residence in Tokyo, the circulation of the economy became active.

And due to the stable economy, Japanese special culture such as Nou or Kabuki or Ukiyoe had also developed very well. The Shogunate instituted a foreign policy of isolationism. Therefore trade relations carried out by the Shogunate are only  in Nagasaki, and the Netherland in Dejima.

## Related pages
* List of Japanese eras

## References
## Other websites
* Metropolitan Museum of Art, Art of the Edo Period (1615–1868)
* British Museum, Edo period (AD 1600-1868) 
* Japan-guide.com, Edo Period (1603 - 1867)