open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bill Gunter

**William Dawson "Bill" Gunter Jr.** (July 16, 1934 &ndash; April 8, 2024) was an American politician. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Gunter was a member of the Democratic Party. Gunter represented Florida in the United States House of Representatives from the 5th district from 1973 through 1975.

From 1976 through 1989, Gunter was Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner, and Fire Marshal of Florida. He unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic rally for the United States Senate three times, all were failed candidacies.

Gunter died on April 8, 2024, at his home in Tallahassee, Florida at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Iranian toman

The **Iranian toman** (; from Mongolian *tomen* 'unit of ten thousand'), is the superunit of the official currency used in Iran, the rial. One toman is equal to ten rials. Even though the rial is the official currency, Iranians use the toman daily.

In the beginning, the toman consisted of 10,000 dinars. Between 1798 and 1825, the toman was split into eight rials, each of 1,250 dinars. In 1825, the qiran was introduced. The qiran was worth 1,000 dinars or one-tenth of a toman.

## References
Serbo-Croatian

peninsula, in 2005]]

**Serbo-Croatian** is the name of a South Slavic language, which is spoken in modern-day Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, it has been divided into four variants. The variants of this language are all based on a single dialect, Shtokavian. Speakers of these variants can understand each other.

## History
Between 1954 and 1992, it was one of the official languages of Yugoslavia (the others were Slovenian and Macedonian). The term Serbo-Croatian was first used in the 1830s. Today, people often speak about Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin languages. Research has also shown that what is called Serbo-Croatian language, is in fact a number of slightly different sub-dialects. People speaking one of the dialects easily understand other people speaking a different dialect. People in Croatia use the Latin alphabet to write the language, while people in other parts use both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabet

## Writing and pronunciation 
### Writing 
Unlike English, Serbo-Croatian words are written the same way they're said, with every letter representing one sound.

### Vowels 
Serbo-Croatian has 5 vowels.

### Consonants 
Serbo-Croatian has 25 consonants.

## Comparison of Serbo-Croatian dialects
## References
Information economics

**Information economics** is a branch of economics that studies how information and information systems affect an economy. 

Information is not like normal physical products. It influences many decisions but it is  hard to trust. It is easy to create and to spread but hard to control.
Don Fuqua

**John Donald Fuqua** (born August 20, 1933) is an American Democratic politician. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 9th district from 1963 through 1967 and 2nd district from 1967 through 1987.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ángel Pérez García

**Ángel Pérez García** (16 October 1957 – 17 October 2019) was a Spanish footballer. He was born in Madrid. He played as a defender, and was a manager. García played for Real Madrid from 1980 through 1982. From 1985 through 1991, he played for Real Murcia.

García died on 17 October 2019 in Madrid of cancer, a day after his 62nd birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bob Kingsley

**Robert Gibson "Bob" Kingsley** (March 19, 1939 – October 17, 2019) was an American country music radio personality. He was host of the nationally syndicated programs *American Country Countdown* (ACC) from 1978 to 2005 and ''Bob Kingsley's Country Top 40'' from 2006 until his death. In 2010, Kingsley was nominated and added for the National Radio Hall of Fame.

On October 9, 2019, Kingsley was diagnosed with bladder cancer. He died from the disease at his home in Weatherford, Texas a week later on October 17 at the age of 80.

## References
Vasim Mammadaliyev

**Vasim Mammadaliyev** (; August 27, 1942 &ndash; October 13, 2019) was an Azerbaijani scientist of oriental studies. He was the dean of theology faculty at Baku State University, chairman of a cathedra of Arabic philology and full member of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.

## References
## Other websites
* Al-Quran  Project includes Vasim Mammadaliyev and Ziya Bunyadov Azerbaijani Quran translation.
Baldwin Street

**Baldwin Street**, in Dunedin, New Zealand was the steepest street in the world. In 1987, *Guinness World Records* said it was the steepest. It is in the suburb of North East Valley. It is  northeast of Dunedin's central business district.

On 16 July 2019, Ffordd Pen Llech in Wales, became the world's steepest street. Baldwin Street's gradient is 35%, and Ffordd Pen Llech's gradient is 37.45%.

## References
## Other websites
* Baldwin Street  (Deutsch)
* Map of Baldwin Street (from Wises Maps)
* Baldwin Street in Google Street View
Bohdan Butenko

**Bohdan Butenko** (8 February 1931 – 14 October 2019) was a Polish cartoonist, illustrator, comic book writer and artist, as well as puppet designer. He was born in Bydgoszcz, Poland. 

His known works include the comic series *Kwapiszon*, *Gapiszon* cartoons, as well as *Gucio i Cezar* comics (written by Krystyna Boglar). He published his cartoons in numerous children's magazines, such as *Płomyk*, *Płomyczek*, *Miś*, *Świerszczyk*, as well as the magazines *Szpilki* and *Przekrój*, and illustrated many  children's books.

Butenko died in Warsaw on 14 October 2019 at the age of 88.

## References
Designer bag

**ita bags** or "**It bags**" began mostly after the Second World War. They became popular and more common in the 1990s. The idea was led by the famous fashion houses, such as Hermès, Chanel, and Louis Vuitton. Their popularity was fuelled by more women having surplus money, and being competitive. Like expensive perfumes, designer bags provide a way for fashion houses to increase income by expanding their range of products. They have become an influential part of the fashion culture.

By 2008 the popularity of the "It bag" was reported to be in decline. In May 2011, although there would always be customers for expensive status bags, Celia Walden reported that the concept of the must-have "It bag" was no longer in fashion.

## References 
## Other sources
*The Tassen Museum   is a museum of bags in Amsterdam.
Richard Huckle

**Richard William Huckle** (14 May 1986 – 13 October 2019) was a convicted British serial sex offender. He was arrested by Britain's National Crime Agency and convicted of 71 counts of serious sexual assaults against children while posing as a teacher, photographer and devout Christian in Malaysia. He was born in Ashford, Kent.

Huckle was seen as one of Britain's worst ever paedophiles, despite being only 28 years old at the time of his arrest. On 6 June 2016, he was given 22 life sentences with a minimum prison term of 25 years before being eligible to apply for parole.

On 13 October 2019, Huckle was stabbed to death in his cell at HMP Full Sutton in East Riding of Yorkshire at the age of 33.

## References
Charles Jencks

**Charles Alexander Jencks** (21 June 1939 – 13 October 2019) was an American cultural theorist, landscape designer and architectural historian. He was the co-founder of the Maggie’s Cancer Care Centres. He published over thirty books and became famous in the 1980s as theorist of Postmodernism. His works include *Garden of Cosmic Speculation* and earthworks at Jupiter Artland outside Edinburgh. His continuing project *Crawick Multiverse*, commissioned by the Duke of Buccleuch, opened in 2015 near Sanquhar.

Jencks was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He died at the age of 80 on 13 October 2019 in London of cancer.

## References
Graham Douglas Caie

**Graham Douglas Caie**  is an emeritus Scottish scholar, who is vice president of ALLEA, the European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities. In 2015, Graham Caie was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services to Education and Research in Britain and Europe.

## Education and career 
Graham Caie was born and raised in Aberdeen, Scotland and attended the Aberdeen Grammar School. He completed his MA (hons) in English at the  Aberdeen University in 1968, then obtained the degrees of MA (research) and PhD at McMaster University, Canada. 

In 1972, Graham was appointed lecturer at the University of Copenhagen, where he co-founded the Centre for Medieval Studies at Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen. In 1990, he was appointed to the Chair of English Language at Glasgow University. In 2004, he was elected as a Vice President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.He was Clerk of Senate and Vice Principal at the University of Glasgow from 2008-12 and retired from the University of Glasgow in 2012. In 2014, he became a member of the British Council’s Advisory Committee for Scotland. He has been a member of Court of Queen Margaret University and is at present an Independent Governor of the Glasgow School of Art.

## Fellowships and honors 
* Founding Fellow of the English Association, University of Leicester
* Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
* Professorial Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
* Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE), 2004

## Publications 
* The Judgment Day Theme in Old English Poetry, 1976
* The Merchant's Tale: Notes, 1982
* Beowulf (York Notes), 1984
* Geoffrey Chaucer's Merchant's Tale, 1991
* The Flouer O Makarheid, 2003
* Medieval Texts in Context, 2008
* Transitional states : change, tradition, and memory in medieval literature and culture, 2018

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Royal Society of Edinburgh
Ding Shisun

**Ding Shisun** (; September 5, 1927 – October 12, 2019) was a Chinese mathematician, academic administrator, and politician. He was President of Peking University during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. He was forced to resign afterwards. He later was Chairman of the China Democratic League from 1996 to 2005 and Vice Chairperson of the National People's Congress. He was born in Shanghai. He attended Utopia University in Shanghai from 1944 to 1947.

Ding died on October 12, 2019 in Beijing, aged 92. 

## References
Emilio Nicolas Sr.

**Emilio Nicolas Sr.** (27 October 1930 – 12 October 2019) was a Mexican-American businessman. He worked with helping to create one of the earliest Spanish-language television stations in the United States. Nicolas created KWEX-TV in San Antonio, which became the cornerstone of the network that would later become Univision.

Nicolas Sr. died at his San Antonio, Texas home on 12 October 2019 from problems caused by progressive supranuclear palsy, aged 88.

## References
C. S. Holling

**Crawford Stanley (Buzz) Holling**,  (December 6, 1930 – August 16, 2019) was an American-born Canadian ecologist, born in Theresa, New York. 

Holling was one of the co-founders of ecological economics. 

In 2008, he won the Volvo Environment Prize.

He was an Emeritus Eminent Scholar and Professor in Ecological Sciences at the University of Florida. 

Holling died on August 16, 2019 in Nanaimo, British Columbia at the age of 88.

## References
Theresa, New York

**Theresa** is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,648 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Theresa La Ray, the daughter of an original landowner.

## References
Ecological economics

**Ecological economics** (also called **eco-economics**, **ecolonomy** or **bioeconomics** of Georgescu-Roegen) is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research about the coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems. 

By treating the economy as a system of Earth's larger ecosystem, and by the preservation of natural capital, the field of **ecological economics** is different from environmental economics. 

## References
Meir Shamgar

**Meir Shamgar** () (August 13, 1925 &ndash; October 18, 2019) was an Israeli general and judge. He was a member of the Irgun. He was the chief justice of the Israeli Supreme Court from 1983 to 1995. Shamgar was born in Danzig.

Shamgar died on October 18, 2019 at the age of 94.

## References
Aharon Barak

**Aharon Barak** (, born **Erik Brick**; 16 September 1936) is an Israeli jurist. He is the Professor of Law at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya. Barak was President of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1995 to 2006. Before, he was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel (1978–95), as the Attorney General of Israel (1975–78), and as the Dean of the Law Faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1974–75).

## References
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen

**Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen** (born **Nicolae Georgescu**, 4 February 1906 – 30 October 1994) was a Romanian American mathematician, statistician and economist. He was best known today for his 1971 magnum opus *The Entropy Law and the Economic Process*. He was a key figure in the creation of ecological economics.

Several economists have hailed Georgescu-Roegen as a man who lived well ahead of his time, and some historians of economic thought have proclaimed the ingenuity of his work.

## Other websites
* (Italian website)
* (Introduction to the interview in Spanish (Castilian), the interview itself in English)
* (Obituary)
* (A thorough account of the historical development of ecological economics, including Georgescu-Roegen's contribution)
* (A brief perspective on Georgescu-Roegen's entropy view)
* (Blog lamenting the fact that Georgescu-Roegen was never awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics)
* (Article speculating on one possible source of inspiration for the pontiff's controversial encyclical on ecological concerns)
* (Article shedding some light on 'the famous entropy pessimist')
*
Northport, New York

**Northport** is a historic village in the Town of Huntington on Long Island, New York. Northport is known for its Victorian era village center, still bearing trolley rails. As of 2020, the village has a population of around 7,347.

## References
Shea Whigham

**Franklin Shea Whigham Jr.** (born January 5, 1969) is an American actor. He played Elias "Eli" Thompson in the HBO drama series *Boardwalk Empire*, and also had notable supporting roles in *Kong: Skull Island*, *Death Note*, *Take Shelter*, the first season of *True Detective*, the third season of the anthology television series *Fargo*, and *Joker*.

## References
Bill Camp

**William Camp** (born October 13, 1961) is an American actor. He became famous for playing supporting roles in many movies such as *Lincoln* (2012), *12 Years a Slave* (2013), *Loving* (2016), *Jason Bourne* (2016), ''Molly's Game* (2017), *Red Sparrow* (2018), *Vice* (2018) and *Joker'' (2019).

## References
## Other websites
*
Frances Conroy

**Frances Hardman Conroy** (born November 13, 1953) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Ruth Fisher on the television series *Six Feet Under*. She is also known for playing multiple roles in the *American Horror Story* television series. In 2019, she played Penny Fleck in *Joker*.

## References
Ed Beck

**Edward Paul Beck** (June 28, 1936 &ndash; October 16, 2019) was an American college basketball player. He was best known as the starting center and team captain of the "Fiddlin' Five," the University of Kentucky's 1958 NCAA championship team.

Beck finished his college career with 459 points scored (5.6 per game) and 783 rebounds (10.0 per game) in 78 total games.

Beck died on October 16, 2019 in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*BigBlueHistory.net profile
Trump–Ukraine scandal

The **Trump–Ukraine scandal** was a political scandal in the United States.  

In October 2019, a whistleblower anonymously complained that U.S. President Donald Trump, his lawyer Rudy Giuliani, and other important Trump administration members had made phone calls with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky, asking him to have the Ukrainian government investigate Joe Biden, who was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic primaries at the time; as well as his son Hunter Biden in exchange for bringing back U.S. military aid to Ukraine which was earlier stopped by Trump. The complaint raised concerns that Trump was asking for other countries to interfere in the 2020 presidential election.

The controversy led to an impeachment inquiry against Trump. Because of the scandal, Trump was formally impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives on December 18, 2019. However, the Senate voted to clear Trump of charges.

## References
Anna Quayle

**Anne Veronica Maria Quayle** (6 October 1932 – 16 August 2019),  In 1963, she won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role in the original production of *Stop the World – I Want to Get Off*.

Her movie roles include ''A Hard Day's Night* (1964), *Smashing Time* (1967), *Casino Royale* (1967), and *Chitty Chitty Bang Bang'' (1968).

Quayle was diagnosed in 2012, with Lewy body dementia. She died on 16 August 2019, at the age of 86.

## References
Chris Messina

**Christopher Messina** (born August 11, 1974) is an American actor and movie director. He is known for his roles in *Vicky Cristina Barcelona*, *Argo*, *Julie & Julia*, *Ruby Sparks*, *Celeste and Jesse Forever*, ''You've Got Mail* and *Birds of Prey*. He starred in the movie *The Giant Mechanical Man*. 

On television, he appeared in roles as Chris Sanchez in *Damages*, Reese Lansing in *The Newsroom* and as Danny Castellano in *The Mindy Project''.

## References
Truncus arteriosus

***Truncus arteriosus***  is a stage in the development of the heart.  It is the arterial trunk that starts from both ventricles of the heart. Later it divides into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

*Failure of the truncus arteriosus to close results in the condition known as **persistent truncus arteriosus***, a rare congenital heart defect. It is a type of heart disease.

People are born with this condition. There are no cures. If not operated on at an early age people may die from this condition.

## References
Nash equilibrium

In game theory, the **Nash equilibrium** is a proposed solution of a non-cooperative game having two or more players in which each player knows the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player can gain anything more by changing only their own strategy. The equilibrium is named after John Forbes Nash Jr..

If each player has chosen, and no player can win anything more by choosing a different strategy for themselves, then they have a Nash equilibrium.

## References
General Order No. 11 (1863)

painting of General Order No. 11. In this famous work, General Thomas Ewing is seated on a horse watching the Red Legs. (See below)]]
**General Order No. 11** is the name of a Union Army order given on August 25, 1863 during the American Civil War. It forced people from rural areas in four counties in western Missouri to leave. The order, given by Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr., affected all rural people regardless of whether they liked the Union or the Confederacy. Those who could prove their loyalty for the Union were allowed to stay in the affected area. However, they still had to leave their farms and move to towns near military outposts. Those who could not show prove their loyalty had to leave the area.

More than 140 years later, towns affected by General Order No. 11 are still less developed than their neighbors.

## References
## Other websites
*Historic Lone Jack
*Missouri Partisan Ranger 
*"Order No. 11 and the Civil War on the Border" by Albert Castel
Tobermory, Mull

**Tobermory** (Scottish Gaelic: *Tobar Mhoire)* is a town on the Isle of Mull in Scotland. It has roughly around 1,000 people. Historically the town was a fishing port.

Tobermory is well known for hosting the children's television show *Balamory*.

The town was settled in 1788.

## References
Wishbone Ash

**Wishbone Ash** are a British rock band. They started in Torquay, England in 1969. They were most popular in the 1970s. The first and main members were Martin Turner (bass and vocals), Steve Upton (drums), Andy Powell (guitar and vocals) and Ted Turner (guitar and vocals). After Ted Turner left the group in 1974, Laurie Wisefield became the new guitarist. Since then, the group have had many different members. Only Andy Powell is still in the band.

They are well known as one of the first bands to use two lead guitars in hard rock. This inspired bands like Iron Maiden. Their most popular album is *Argus* (1972), which got up to number 3 on the UK Albums Chart in 1972.

## Albums
* *Wishbone Ash* (1970)
* *Pilgrimage* (1971)
* *Argus* (1972)
* *Wishbone Four* (1973)
* ''There's the Rub* (1974)
* *Locked In* (1976)
* *New England* (1976)
* *Front Page News* (1977)
* *No Smoke Without Fire* (1978)
* *Just Testing* (1980)
* *Number the Brave* (1981)
* *Twin Barrels Burning* (1982)
* *Raw to the Bone* (1985)
* *Nouveau Calls* (1987)
* *Here to Hear* (1989)
* *Strange Affair* (1991)
* *Illuminations* (1996)
* *Trance Visionary* (1997) (electronic re-recordings)
* *Psychic Terrorism* (1998) (electronic re-recordings)
* *Bare Bones* (1999) (acoustic re-recordings)
* *Bona Fide* (2002)
* *Clan Destiny* (2006)
* *Power of Eternity* (2007)
* *Elegant Stealth* (2011)
* *Blue Horizon* (2014)
* *Coat of Arms'' (2020)

## References
James Blanchard

**James Johnston Blanchard** (born August 8, 1942) is an American politician. He is a Democrat. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1975 through 1983, as the 45th Governor of Michigan from 1983 through 1991, and as United States Ambassador to Canada from 1993 through 1995.

## Other websites
* The Governor James J. Blanchard Living Library Of Michigan Political History
*
David Weisman

**David Weisman** (March 11, 1942 – October 9, 2019) was an American movie director, producer, author, and graphic artist. He was known for directing the movie *Ciao! Manhattan* and for producing *Kiss of the Spider Woman*. Weisman was born in Binghamton, New York.

Weisman died on October 9, 2019 of problems caused by the West Nile virus at a Los Angeles hospital, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hevrin Khalaf

**Hevrin Khalaf** (; 15 November 1984 – 12 October 2019) was a Kurdish-Syrian politician and civil engineer. She was Secretary General of the Future Syria Party. She was known for her diplomatic skills.  Khalaf worked towards increasing tolerance and unity among Christians, Arabs, and Kurds.

## Assassination 
Khalaf was assassinated by the Turkish-backed Ahrar al-Sharqiya fighters near the M4 Motorway in Northern Syria during the Turkish military operation against SDF forces in Rojava on 12 October 2019. According to *The Washington Post*, the killing "almost certainly constitute(d) a war crime, under international law".

## References
## Other websites
*  Rowshan Qasim: Who is the Kurdish political leader Hevrin Khalaf?  7dnews.com, 14 October 2019
Göran Malmqvist

**Nils Göran David Malmqvist** (6 June 1924 – 17 October 2019) was a Swedish linguist, literary historian, sinologist and translator. He worked for seven years at the Australian National University in Canberra during the 1950s.

During the 1970s, he was also working on the translation of the over thousand page picaresque novel *Shui Hu zhuan*. The Swedish title is *Berättelser från träskmarkerna* (Tales from the swamps) and the work appeared in four volumes between 1976 and 1979.

Malmqvist was elected to the Swedish Academy on 11 April 1985 and admitted on 20 December 1985. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1988.

## Bibliography
**Det förtätade ögonblicket: T’ang-lyrik* (1965)
**Problems and methods in Chinese linguistics* (1964)
**Han phonology and textual criticism* (1963)
**Gunnar Martins samling av kinesisk och japansk litteratur* (1947)
**111 nykinesiska satsmönster* (1973)
**Nykinesisk grammatik* (1973)
**Kinesiska är inte svårt* (1974)
**Nykinesisk fonetik* (1974)
**Nykinesiska satsmönster* (1981)
**Vägar till Kina: Göran Malmqvist 60 år* (1984)
**Henry Olsson: Inträdestal i Svenska akademien* (1985)
**Bernhard Karlgren: Ett forskarporträtt* (1995)
**Nio röster från Taiwan: Modern kinesisk poesi* (1999)
**Haiku för ros och oros skull* (2002)
**Strövtåg i svunna tider* (2005)
**Guldfisken som älskar att sjunga Mozart* (2013)

## References
Nicolás Díaz

**Nicolás Díaz Sánchez** (August 10, 1929 – October 18, 2019) was a Chilean politician and cardiologist. He was a member of the Christian Democrat Party of Chile (PDC). From 1963 through 1964 and again from 1967 through 1968, he was Mayor of Rancagua. 

He died on October 18, 2019 in Rancagua at the age of 90.

## References
Horace Romano Harré

**Horace Romano Harré** (; 18 December 1927 – 18 October 2019), known widely as **Rom Harré**, was a New Zealand-born British philosopher and psychologist. 

He taught mathematics at King's College, Auckland (1948–53) and the University of Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan (1953–4). From 2009 until 2011 he was Director Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science at the London School of Economics.

His written works were about philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, ontology, psychology, social psychology, sociology and philosophy.

## References
The Atlantic

***The Atlantic*** is an American magazine and publisher. It was created in 1857 in Boston, Massachusetts, and it was called ***The Atlantic Monthly***, which was a literary and cultural commentary magazine that published famous writers' opinions on the abolition of slavery, education, and other important issues in politics. Its creators included Francis H. Underwood and famous writers Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Greenleaf Whittier. James Russell Lowell was its first editor. It was also known for publishing literary works by leading writers.

## Politics
In 2016, the editorial board endorsed a presidential candidate, Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, for the third time since the magazine's creation. This was to rebuke Republican Donald Trump's candidacy. After the election, the magazine has become a strong critic of President Trump. The March 2019 cover article by editor Yoni Appelbaum formally calls for the impeachment of Donald Trump: "It's time for Congress to judge the president's fitness to serve."

## References
## Other websites
* 
* "A History of *The Atlantic*"
* *The Atlantic* archival writings by topic
* Online archive of *The Atlantic* (earliest issues up to December 1901)
* Hathi Trust. *Atlantic Monthly* digitized issues, 1857–
Mark Hurd

**Mark Vincent Hurd** (January 1, 1957 – October 18, 2019) was an American businessman. He was co-CEO and a member of the board of directors of Oracle Corporation. He was Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and president of Hewlett-Packard, before resigning in 2010.

He was also on the Board of Directors of Globality and was a member of the Technology CEO Council and board of directors of News Corporation until 2010.

In September 2019, Hurd went on medical leave for health reasons. Hurd died on October 18, 2019 at the age of 62.

## References
Jambuda

**Jambuda** (Gujarati: જાંબુડા, Hindi: जांबुडा) is a small village in the Jamnagar district of the Indian state of Gujarat. The village has communities of Gadhavi, Rajgor Brahmin, Patels, shepherd, Charaniya and Kori.

Jambuda is about  away from Jamnagar city, and on the way to Sainik School Balachadi. Historical book Yaduvanshprakash says that Jambuda village is older than 400 years. It is considered that the village was named as *Jambuda* due to the large number of Java plum tree, and the heavy production of Java plum fruits. karsan pala paliya was notable personality in village.

## Places 
* Chapal mata Temple
* Khodiyar mata Temple
* Kamai mata Temple
* Lakshminarayana Temple
* Yogeshwar Temple
* Kalindri River, etc.
John Ross Robertson

**John Ross Robertson** (December 28, 1841 – May 31, 1918) was a Canadian newspaper publisher, politician, and philanthropy. He was from Toronto, Ontario. Between 1896 and 1900, Robertson was a member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada. He represented the electoral area of Toronto East.

Robertson was involved in many projects in the Toronto community. For example, he was a leader of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA). He fought very hard to make rules in amateur hockey. He is a part of the Hockey Hall of Fame.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Argus (album)

***Argus*** is the third studio album by British rock band Wishbone Ash. It was released on 28 April 1972 on Decca and MCA Records. It is the band’s most popular album and got up to number 3 on the UK Albums Chart in 1972.

## Track listing
Music by Wishbone Ash, lyrics by Martin Turner, except "Time Was" by Ted Turner & Martin Turner, "Leaf and Stream" by Steve Upton.

### First reissue extra tracks
Music by Wishbone Ash;
Lyrics by Martin Turner.
# "No Easy Road"&nbsp;– 3:36

### Extra tracks from their *Live From Memphis* promotional EP
All songs composed by Wishbone Ash.
# "Jail Bait"&nbsp;– 4:57
# "The Pilgrim"&nbsp;– 10:10
# "Phoenix"&nbsp;– 17:05

### 2007 deluxe edition
;Disc One
# "Time Was"
# "Sometime World"
# "Blowin' Free"
# "The King Will Come"
# "Leaf and Stream"
# "Warrior"
# "Throw Down the Sword"
# "No Easy Road"
# "The Pilgrim" (live in Memphis 1972)
# "Phoenix" (live in Memphis 1972)

;Disc Two
# "Time Was" (BBC in concert session 1972)
# "Blowin' Free" (BBC in concert session 1972)
# "Warrior" (BBC in concert session 1972)
# "Throw Down the Sword" (BBC in concert session 1972)
# "King Will Come" (BBC in concert session 1972)
# "Phoenix" (BBC in concert session 1972)
# "Blowin' Free" (BBC session 1972)
# "Throw Down The Sword" (BBC session 1972)

## References
Dr. Dolittle 2

***Dr. Dolittle 2*** is a 2001 American comedy movie and a sequel to the 1998 movie *Dr. Dolittle*. The movie again stars Eddie Murphy in the title role of a doctor who can talk to animals, as well as Raven-Symoné as his daughter. It was written by Larry Levin, one of the co-writers of *Dr. Dolittle* and directed by Steve Carr.
Dr. Dolittle 2 was the first sequel of the franchise and the first Dr. Dolittle movie to be rated PG.
Cormicy

**Cormicy** is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France. On 1 January 2017, the former commune of Gernicourt (Aisne) was merged into Cormicy.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Marne department

## References
North East, Maryland

**North East** is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is between Philadelphia and Baltimore. The population was 4,085 at the 2020 census.

North East is located at .

## References
Bernard Fisher (scientist)

**Bernard Fisher,** MD, FACS (August 23, 1918 – October 16, 2019) was an American surgeon. He was known for his works in the biology and treatment of breast cancer. 

He was Chairman of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. His work helped spot that early-stage breast cancer could be treated better by lumpectomy, in combination with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or hormonal therapy, than by radical mastectomy. suiiiii

## References
Giants in the Trees

**Giants in the Trees** are an American rock band formed in Wahkiakum County, Washington in 2017. It was founded by former Nirvana bass player Krist Novoselic.

## Albums
**Giants in the Trees* (2017)
**Volume 2* (2019)

## References
Preamble to the Constitution of India

The **Preamble to the Constitution of India** is a preliminary statement or introduction. It guides the people of the nation and  presents the principles of the constitution. The hopes and aspirations of the people are drawn in it. The preamble can be related to the introduction which highlights the entire constitution.

The Indian preamble states that - "Preamble declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic. ... The objectives stated by the preamble are to secure justice, liberty, equality to all citizens and promote fraternity to maintain unity and integrity of the nation".

It was approved on 26 November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly and came into effect on 26 January 1950, celebrated as the Republic day in India.

The Preamble is based on “Objective Resolution”, of Nehru. Jawaharlal Nehru proposed an objective resolution and that is when Dr BR Ambedkar designed the text of the constitution and preamble.

The objectives of the preamble are explained in brief here. For a word by word explanation of the preamble, refer to this.

## References
Aport

**Aport** is a variety of apple that is grown in Russia and some other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.  It is over 150 years old.  The apples usually weigh between 200 and 500 grams.  The Alexander variety of aport can weigh up to 900 grams. 

## Sources 
*https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/almaty-aport-apple/
*http://eurasia.travel/kazakhstan/cities_towns_places/southeast_kazakhstan/almaty/almaty_apples/ 
*https://www.cooksinfo.com/aport-apples
*https://business.gov.kz/ru/resources/success-stories/detail.php?ID=97656 

## References
Skipjack tuna

The **skipjack tuna** (*Katsuwonus pelamis*) is a fish in the tuna family.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Narayanganj

**Narayanganj** is a city in central Bangladesh. The Port of Narayanganj is an important shipping and industrial center. It is also a center of business and industry, especially making and selling jute and the textiles. It is nicknamed the Dundee of Bangladesh because of its many jute mills.

## References
* Website of Narayanganj City Corporation
Ain't Nobody

"'''Ain't Nobody'''" is a song by the American soul music group Rufus and singer Chaka Khan.  It was released in September 1983 as the lead single from the group's live album, ''Stompin' at the Savoy''. It was written by David "Hawk" Wolinski and produced by Russ Titelman. It became a signature song for both Rufus and Khan.

The song reached number 22 on the Hot 100 in the US and reached number one on the R&B chart.

## References
Rui Jordão

**Rui Manuel Trindade Jordão** (; 9 August 1952 – 18 October 2019) was a Portuguese footballer. He played with Benfica and Sporting for most of his career. He won the Silver Ball award twice, once with each team.

Jordão represented the Portugal national team for 16 years from 1972 through 1989.

Jordão died on 18 October, 2019 while at a hospital in Cascais, Portugal due to heart disease at the age of 67.

## References
OnePlus

**OnePlus Technology** is a Chinese company that makes smartphones,  headphones, and backpacks. OnePlus was founded in 2013 by Pete Lau and Carl Pei. Carl Pei left in October of 2020 to "pursue new ventures" and to "take some time to decompress and spend time with his family." OnePlus is owned by BBK Electronics,  BBK Electronics also owns Oppo, Vivo, and Realme. OnePlus has a small presence in America with only 0.61% market control. In India they have a big presence with 29% control. OnePlus office is in Shenzhen, China.

## Products 
### Phones 
Oneplus makes new products every year. The popular ones  are the cellphone of which are: OnePlus One, OnePlus 2, OnePlus X, OnePlus 3, Onplus 5, Oneplus 6, OnePlus 7 and the OnePlus 8. All the phones from OnePlus 3 and on also have different options such as the T option and the Pro option. 
In 2020 OnePlus also made a new cheap product named the OnePlus Nord. They are cellphones for people who want a nice phone but cannot afford to purchase an expensive phone. OnePlus Nord got its first software update. This Software Update started around August 4, 2020, in India. It made the system better. It also made the depth sensor effect better, and it was called version 10.5.1.AC01DA. OnePlus sometimes puts special colours on the phones like the McLaren Edition.

### Wearables 
In 2020 OnePlus made a wearable watch. The first product is the OnePlus Band, a fitness smartwatch. It comes in three colours. It is only available in India.

### Charging 
OnePlus has good charging. Every phone is shipped with a high-speed charger. OnePlus introduced its wireless charger. It can also charge at the same speed. If it is not made by OnePlus then it will be slower.

### Televisions 
OnePlus has its own brand of televisions with three options. The Q series, the Y series, and the U series.

## History 
OnePlus was founded on 16 December 2013 by former Oppo vice-president Pete Lau and Carl Pei. The company's main goal was to design a smartphone that would balance expensive quality with a lower price, believing that people who buy the phones would "Never Settle" for the lower-quality phones made by other companies. Lau explained that "we will never be different just for the sake of being different. Everything done has to improve the phone. The actual experience in day-to-day use has to get better. The company showed its first phone, the OnePlus One, on 23 April 2014. It is intended to capture the market from the Google Nexus series.[10] In December 2014, with the release of the OnePlus One in India exclusively through Amazon, OnePlus also announced plans to establish a presence in the country, with plans to open 25 official walk-in service centres across India. According to market research firm Counterpoint Research, OnePlus topped the Indian premium smartphone market last year with a 33 per cent share, beating Samsung Electronics with 26 per cent. In the IDC survey, OnePlus ranked third in India's market with more than $500 in the first quarter of this year after Apple and Samsung Electronics. And it ranked second after China's Vivo in the 300-500-dollar market.

## Other websites 
* 

## Reference
4S Ranch, California

**4S Ranch** is an unincorporated community of San Diego County in California.

## Other websites
* San Diego North Chamber of Commerce profile
Anizy-le-Grand

**Anizy-le-Grand** is a new commune in the department of Aisne in the region Hauts-de-France in north France. It was created on 1 January 2019 and is made of the former communes of Anizy-le-Château, Faucoucourt and Lizy.

## References
Paul Pape

**Paul Pape** (born July 17, 1952) is an American actor and voice actor known for the role of "Double J" in the 1977 movie *Saturday Night Fever*. Post Saturday Night Fever, he has appeared in over 20 movies. He also played a supporting role in the 2008 racing video game *Need for Speed: Undercover* as Lt. Jack M. Keller.

Pape was born in Rochester, New York.

## Filmography
### Movie
* *Antz* - Soldier Ants (voice)
* *Bolt* - Man (voice)
* *Cats & Dogs* - Wolf Blitzer (voice)
* *Chicken Little* - Fire Chief (voice)
* *China: The Panda Adventure* - Bill Harkness Voice-over (voice)
* ''Dragon Nest: Warriors' Dawn* - Blacksmith and Kuke (voice) 
* *Frozen* - Crowd Member #1 (voice)
* *Incredibles 2* - Additional Voices (voice)
* *Madagascar* - Crowd Member (voice)
* *Monsters vs. Aliens* - Soldiers (voice)
* *Missing Link* - New Worlder (voice)
* *Osmosis Jones* - Male Red Blood Cell #2 (voice)
* *Saturday Night Fever* - Double J.
* *Shrek'' - Lord Farquaad's Guards (voice)
* *Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron* - Colonel's Soldiers (voice)
* *Tangled* - Man #4 (voice)
* *The Emoji Movie* - Additional Voices (voice)
* *The Road to El Dorado* - Cortes's Guards (voice)
* *The Tale of Despereaux* - Man in crowd (voice)
* *The Wild* - Man (voice)
* *Wreck-It Ralph* - Man at Arcade (voice)

### Television
* *Angie* - Vinnie Visicio
* *Caprica* - Rhetoric Host #2
* *Family* - Clyde
* *GameStar: Die Redaktion* - Lt. Jack M. Keller
* *Hagen* - Stewart
* *Hart to Hart* - Burt Kroll
* *Journeyman* - Julius
* *Resurrection Blvd.* - Detective Wilson
* *The Man in the High Castle* - Film Narrator (voice)
* *Wanda at Large* - Voiceover

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi

The **Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi** (translation: **Deprived Majority Front**;  **VBA**) is an Indian political party founded by Prakash Ambedkar on 20 March 2018. The party is based in Maharashtra.

## References
Garlic production in China

**China** produces more **garlic** than any other country in the world. About 80 percent of garlic comes from China.

## References
China Miéville

**China Tom Miéville**  ( ; born 6 September 1972) is a British urban fantasy fiction author, essayist, comic book writer, socialist political activist and literary critic. He often describes his work as *weird fiction*.

Miéville has won many awards, including the Arthur C. Clarke Award (thrice), the British Fantasy Award (twice), Locus Awards for Best Fantasy Novel (four times) and Best Science Fiction Novel and Best Novelette and Best Young Adult Book, as well as the Hugo, Kitschies, and World Fantasy Awards.

## Early life 
Born in Norwich, Miéville was brought up in Willesden and has lived in London since early childhood. He grew up with his sister Jemima and mother Claudia, a translator, writer and teacher. His parents separated soon after his birth. He has said that he "never really knew" his father. They chose his first name, China, from a dictionary, looking for a beautiful name. He stood for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in the 2001 general election as a candidate for the Socialist Alliance. He did not win. He got 459 votes, or 1.2%, in Regent's Park and Kensington North, a Labour constituency.

## Bibliography 
### Fiction 
#### Bas-Lag series 
* *Perdido Street Station* (2000)
* *The Scar* (2002)
* *Iron Council* (2004)

#### Stand-alone novels 
* *King Rat* (1998) 
* *Un Lun Dun* (2007) 978-0230015869
* *The City & the City* (2009) 
* *Kraken* (2010) 
* *Embassytown* (2011) 
* *Railsea* (2012) 

#### Novellas 
* *The Tain* (2002)
* *This Census-Taker* (2016)
* *The Last Days of New Paris* (2016) 

#### Short story collections 
* *Looking for Jake* (2005)
* *The Apology Chapbook* (2013)
* *Three Moments of an Explosion: Stories* (2015)

#### Children's picture books 
* *The Worst Breakfast* (2016), co-written and illustrated by Zak Smith

#### Comic books 
* *Hellblazer* (1988) – No. 250 "Holiday Special": "Snow Had Fallen"
* *Justice League* (2011) – #23.3 "Dial E #1: Dial Q for Qued"
* *Dial H* (2012–2013)

#### Other 
* *Pathfinder Chronicles: Guide to the River Kingdoms* (2010), with Elaine Cunningham, Chris Pramas, and Steve Kenson. Paizo Publishing.

### Nonfiction 
#### Books
* *Between Equal Rights: A Marxist Theory of International Law* (2005). 
* *Red Planets: Marxism and Science Fiction* (2009), with Mark Bould. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press.
* *October: The Story of the Russian Revolution* (2017). Verso.
* *A Spectre Haunting Europe* (2020)

#### Essays
* "London's Overthrow" (2011). Reprinted in a shorter version as "Oh, London, You Drama Queen", *The New York Times Magazine* 2012-03-01: 42.
* "Preface to a Book not yet Written nor Disavowed" (2015). *China Miéville: Critical Essays*, eds. Caroline Edwards and Tony Venezia.

## Awards 
* *Perdido Street Station* won the 2001 Arthur C. Clarke Award and the 2001 British Fantasy Award,
* *The Scar* won the 2003 British Fantasy Award and the 2003 Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel, and received a Philip K. Dick Award special citation.
* *Iron Council* won the 2005 Arthur C. Clarke Award and the 2005 Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel,

* He was a 2018 Guggenheim Fellow in Fiction.

## References
North–South divide in Taiwan

The **North-South divide in Taiwan** is out caused by Taiwanese government's long-term over-investment in northern Taiwan and has led to an imbalance in economic development, political authority, medical access, educational supply, savings, and other kinds of inequalities between northern and southern Taiwan. Because of the imbalance, many people in southern Taiwan feel unfairly treated by the government.

## Birth, price, and population
Since the Taiwanese government massive invests in northern Taiwan, many people in southern Taiwan people have had leave their homes and move to to northern Taiwan to find jobs. Some people call that brain drain. 

]]

More and more Taiwanese move to northern Taiwan. However, northern Taiwan is not a plain, which would be suitable for buildings. As a result, the prices that are paid for people from southern Taiwan to buy homes in northern Taiwan are very high. 

Because of the expensive housing prices, people in northern Taiwan have no choice but to cut their desire to have babies. Meanwhile, southern Taiwanese have too little money to have babies, which reduces their desire to do so. That has led to Taiwan having a very low birth rate. After many southern Taiwanese people moved to northern Taiwan because they did not homes in northern Taiwan and were new to the area, their pockets were generally not deep enough to pay for new homes to start families.

## Reference
Dennis Trident 2

The **Dennis Trident 2** is a double-decker chassis of a bus, It has a low floor, It was made from 1997 to 2006 by Dennis, TransBus International and then Alexander Dennis.

The following bodies were built on the Trident 2 chassis:

* Alexander ALX400 bodywork
* Plaxton President bodywork
* East Lancs Lolyne/Myllennium Lolyne bodywork

In 2005, Alexander Dennis made a new chassis called the **Enviro400**, it was made for the body of a bus Enviro400. The Trident 2 name was still used.

## Gallery

File:Maghull Coaches V436DRA (8661361650).jpg|Maghull Coaches Trident 2 with East Lancs Lolyne bodywork in 2013
File:Blackpool Transport 331 PF06EZO (9128321228).jpg|Blackpool Transport Trident 2 with East Lancs Myllennium Lolyne bodywork in 2013
File:Penzance Bus Station - First 33143 (LR02LWY) (cropped).JPG|First Kernow Trident 2 with Plaxton President bodied bodywork in 2018

## References
## Other websites
*
*Product description Alexander Dennis
*Product description of Enviro400 hybrid BAE Systems
Gilberto Aceves Navarro

**Gilberto Aceves Navarro** (September 24, 1931 – October 21, 2019) was a Mexican painter and sculptor. He was a professor at the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas and Academy of San Carlos.

He had over 200 individual exhibits of his work with his murals found in Mexico, Japan and the United States. He received many awards for his work including grants as a Creador Artístico of the Sistema Nacional de Creadores de Arte, Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes and Bellas Artes Medal from the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes.

Aceves Navarro died in Mexico City from lung disease at the age of 88.

## References
Frankie Banali

**Frankie Banali** (November 14, 1951 &ndash; August 20, 2020) was an American rock drummer. He was best known for his work with multi-platinum heavy metal band Quiet Riot and was the only member remaining from the band's classic lineup. 

He was the band's manager since 1994. He played drums in the heavy metal band W.A.S.P., as well as with Billy Idol. Banali was briefly a touring drummer for Faster Pussycat and Steppenwolf.

In October 2019, Banali was diagnosed with stage-V pancreatic cancer. He died from the disease in Los Angeles on August 20, 2020 at the age of 68.

## References
Billy Idol

**William Michael Albert Broad** (born 30 November 1955), known professionally as **Billy Idol**, is an English rock musician and singer-songwriter. He became famous in the 1970s as a member of Generation X. He later began a solo career which led to international fame and made Idol a lead artist during the MTV-driven "Second British Invasion" in the United States.

Idol's second studio album, *Rebel Yell* (1983), was a major commercial success, featuring hit singles "Rebel Yell" and "Eyes Without a Face". In 1986, he released *Whiplash Smile*. Idol then released two studio albums, *Charmed Life* (1990) and the concept album *Cyberpunk* (1993). The latter was a commercial and critical flop. A year later, he recorded and released the single "Speed". The song was featured as first track in the homonymous movie soundtrack album.

''Devil's Playground'', which came out in March 2005, was Idol's first new studio album in nearly 12 years. The album reached No. 46 on the *Billboard* 200. This was followed by *Happy Holidays*, a Christmas album, and *Kings & Queens of the Underground*, his eighth studio album. Idol's autobiography, *Dancing with Myself*, was published on 7 October 2014. It soon became a *New York Times* bestseller.

## References