open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sheila Mello

**Sheila Chesed de Almeida Mello** (born 23 July 1978) is a Brazilian dancer, actress and model. She became famous for dancing in the band É o Tchan!

## Biography 
Was born in Cidade Ademar, vila imperio, a district on the outskirts of São Paulo. Before becoming known for her participation in the group É o Tchan!, Sheila graduated in both classical ballet and in modern ballet. Immediately after her victory she posed nude for the first time in *Playboy* magazine. She was on the cover in the other two editions, one next to Sheila Carvalho, her colleague É o Tchan. In October 2007, she posed nude again, this time for the magazine *Sexy*.

## Movies 
* 2007: Alphaville 2007 d.C
* 2007: Segurança Nacional

## Theatre 
* *Herótica - Cartilha Feminina Para Homens Machos* (direction: Darson Ribeiro)
* *Caldé e os Peixes Que Aprendem a Nadar no Ar* (direction: Marcelo Lazzaratti)
* *Gretta Garbo Quem Diria, Acabou no Irajá* (direction: Hilton Have)
* *O Santo e a Porca* (direction: Ednaldo Freire)
* *Viúva, Porém Honesta* (direction: Fábio Marcof)
* *A Invasão* (direction: Gabriel Carmona)
* *Caminhos da Independência*
* *Uma Empregada Quase Perfeita* (direction: Mirian Lins)
* *2/4 no Motel* (direction: Flávio Colatrello)

## Discography 
### Singles 
* 2003: Água
* 2009: Tic Tac
* 2009: Renascerá

## Television 
* 2009: A Fazenda 2

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official site 
* 
* Biografia di Sheila Mello
Florence Ballard

and Diana Ross (1965)]]
**Florence Glenda Ballard Chapman** (June 30, 1943 – February 22, 1976) was an American rhythm and blues singer. She was one of the founders of The Supremes. She was born in Detroit, Michigan. She died in Detroit from coronary thrombosis.
Amanda Knox

**Amanda Marie Knox** (born July 10, 1987, Seattle, Washington) is an American author who was imprisoned without bail bond in Italy for 4 years during the trial and acquittal of the 2007 murder of Meredith Kercher, her British college housemate, in Perugia, Italy. On October 3, 2011, she was cleared of murder after an appeal trial. The sentence was declared invalid in March 2013. She was sentenced to 28 years and six months in jail in late January 2014. Her murder conviction was overturned for a final appeal in March 2015. Knox wrote about her treatment by Italian authorities and her prison problems in her 2013 memoir, *Waiting to Be Heard*.

Knox was, at the time of the murder, a 20-year-old University of Washington language student who shared a flat with Kercher. She was in Perugia attending the University for Foreigners for one year, studying Italian, German and creative writing. Knox met her boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito at a classical music concert held on October 25, 2007, which she attended with Kercher at the University for Foreigners. When Kercher left at the intermission, Sollecito met Knox.

Knox and her boyfriend Sollecito were put on trial. At the time of the murder on November 1, 2007, Kercher's house keys, rent money of 300 euros (~$450), and 2 mobile phones had been missing, but the phones were found in the bushes by a neighbor, several blocks away, when Knox called Kercher's numbers the next morning after finding the front door ajar. The prosecution claimed a knife fight with Sollecito had begun after Knox and Kercher had argued about the stolen rent money, as stated by convicted suspect Rudy Guede (whose DNA was found on the body and purse). Sollecito's DNA was found in the kitchen ashtray and outside Kercher's door frame, where he tried to push the door, but not inside the room nor on the body. Sollecito was sent to prison for 25 years, and Knox for 26 years.

They both appealed their sentences.
At the first appeal trial in 2011, a man claimed to have seen Knox and Sollecito by a town square near the house that night, when other people were wearing costume masks, but Halloween had been 2 nights earlier, not the night of the murder. The first appeal verdict was given on October 3, 2011, and Knox and Sollecito were freed from prison on that date.

In January 2014, Amanda Knox and her prior lover Rafael Sollecito were again found guilty by the Italian higher court, which overturned the first appeal. Sollecito was stopped by Italian Police when he tried to cross the border with Austria, after the verdict.

In March 2015, at their fourth trial, Knox and Sollecito were acquitted of Kercher's murder by Italy's top appeal court. Despite being cleared of the murder charge, the guilty verdict against Knox for the slander of Patrick Lumumba - a bar owner she falsely accused of the crime - has been upheld.

## References
Habilitation

In some countries, **Habilitation** is a step toward becoming a professor that comes after people receive their Ph. D. (doctor of philosophy or "doctorate"). The term **habilitation** is derived from the Medieval Latin *habilitare*, meaning "to make suitable, to fit", from Classical Latin *habilis* "fit, proper, skillful".
Françoise Hardy

**Françoise Madeleine Hardy** (; 17 January 1944 – 11 June 2024) was a French singer-songwriter, model and actress. As a celebrity in many fields, she became a cultural icon in France. She was seen as a leading figure of the Yé-yé style of music.

## Early life 
Hardy was born on 17 January 1944 in Paris and grew up in a relatively poor family. From her childhood, she was so interested in literature that she was attracted to Simone de Beauvoir and Albert Camus. She received a guitar from her father as a present for her passing baccalaureat at 16. It caused her to get interested in chanson. Hardy mastered guitar by herself and showed an interest in composing chanson. Trying to be a singer was hard, she failed many times. After entering the University of Sorbonne in Paris, she kept studying a chanson in Petit conservatoire de la chanson, a chanson school founded by Mireillewho was a famous singer at that time.Soon, she contracted with the record label Vogue in November 1961.

## Success 
In June 1962, she made a great debut with her famous chanson *Tous les garçons et les filles* which became a hit all over Europe at her age of 18. The song made the wave of Yé-yé music in France with two million sales. It was when another famous song *Comment te dire adieu* appeared that Hardy estalished her as a singer in 1968. The song received a favorable review from many critics who were indifferent to young singers without precedent. Since then, she has been a cultural iconic figure in France. All of almost her songs were self written, and they have been translated into English, Spanish, Italian and German.

As an actress, she appeared in many movies such as *Château en Suède* (1963), *Une balle au cœur* (1965), *What’s new pussycat?* (1966) *Masculin- Féminin* (1966) and *Grand prix* (1967).

## Personal life
She had a son, Thomas Dutronc in 1973 and married his father Jacques Dutronc. They remained married but were separated.

She also had a career in astrology and wrote books about it.

Hardy died on 11 June 2024 of laryngeal cancer in Paris at the age of 80.

## Some albums
## References
## Other websites
*  
* 
* 
* Françoise Hardy at Discogs
* 
* Françoise Hardy at Last.fm
* Françoise Hardy at the Official Charts Company
* Françoise Hardy at Rate Your Music
Solca

**Solca** is a town of Suceava County in Romania.  There were around 2500 people living in Solca as of 2002.
Bay of Campeche

]]
The **Bay of Campeche** is an area in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. In Mexico three states, Campeche, Tabasco, and Veracruz have a coastline on the Bay of Campeche.
Raspberry (color)

]]
**Raspberry** is a color that resembles the color of raspberries. 

The first recorded use of *raspberry* as a color name in English was in 1892. 

## Meaning of raspberry
* The color raspberry represents sensual experiences that are bright and tangy, like a raspberry.
* A two layer chocolate cake (usually made with chocolate icing on top) that has raspberry sauce filling (which is colored raspberry) between the two layers of cake is called a *Chocolate Decadence* cake.
* Perhaps the most famous mention of the color raspberry was by Prince, in his popular song, "Raspberry Beret".

## Related pages
*List of colors

## References
Hi! Seoul Festival

**Hi! Seoul Festival** is a seasonal festival sponsored by Seoul Metropolitan Government and others. 
It has been held for each season – spring, summer, fall, and winter - every year in Seoul, South Korea since 2003. 

## Themes 
Hi Seoul Festival has four different themes for every season. For example, the theme of spring is usually “palace” Seoul Festival of the Han River is held in summer season. Usually during fall, the theme of the festival is "art". Also, there is Seoul Festival of Lights for winter season.

## Other websites 
* Hi Seoul Festival
Seattle Sounders FC

**Seattle Sounders FC** is a team in Major League Soccer (MLS) that plays in Seattle, Washington. It was founded in 2007 and began playing in 2009. Their name, which comes from the name of two older teams in Seattle, was chosen by fans in 2008. The club's majority owner is Adrian Hanauer, and its minority owners are the estate of Paul Allen, Drew Carey, and a group of 11 Seattle-area families that includes Russell Wilson, his wife Ciara, and Macklemore. Many fans are in groups and also a 53-member band called Sound Wave plays at every home game. Their rivals, the Portland Timbers and Vancouver Whitecaps, play against the Seattle in the Cascadia Cup every year. Brian Schmetzer is the team's head coach.

The team was the 15th MLS team and first played in the 2009 season. At every Seattle game, all of the seats were sold and the fans set a new record for average (or middle) match attendance, while the team also sold more season tickets than anyone else in the MLS. The Seattle Sounders FC finished their first year in the MLS playoffs, but lost in the semi-finals. The team did win their first trophy, the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, and became the second team to do so in their first year. The Sounders went on to win the U.S. Open Cup in 2010 and 2011 as well, becoming the first team in over 40 years to win that competition three straight times. They won again in 2014, also winning the Supporters' Shield. In 2016, Seattle won their first MLS Cup; they returned to the final the following year and lost.

## References
**Notes**
Mandu (dumpling)

**Mandu** (만두; 饅頭) are Korean-style dumplings from Korea. *Mandu* were introduced in Korea in the middle of the Joseon dynasty.

They are made from flour stuffed with meat and vegetables. This filling is called *so* (소). Pork is the most common meat for *so*, but beef, chicken, or pheasant can also be ingredients of *mandu*. Vegetables are typically carrots, cucumbers, onions, and bean sprouts. Other additional ingredients are kimchi, tofu, or chopped noodles made from sweet potatoes. They can be fried, boiled, steamed or even baked, and each type has a different name. *Mandu* are usually served with soy sauce mixed with vinegar for dipping.

They were traditionally made only in the early winter or for a holiday. However, in modern times, they are an everyday food.

## References 
* http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=59581
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind

***Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind*** is a 2004 American romantic drama movie set in New York. It was released on March 19, 2004. It was directed by Michel Gondry, a well-known French director of *Human Nature*, and the story of the movie was written by Charlie Kaufman of *Being John Malkovich* and *Adaptation* and Pierre Bismuth as well as Gondry. Jim Carrey, famous for his acting in several comedy movies such as *The Mask* and *Bruce Almighty*, and Kate Winslet, a heroine of *Titanic*, starred in this movie as main characters both of whom are struggling to erase their memories of love.
## Story
The story of this movie is about memory erasure of a couple who once loved each other but now, suffer from the memories of their love. Joel Barish (Jim Carrey) decides to erase his memory about his girlfriend, Clementine Kruczynski (Kate Winslet), after he discovered that she had removed all of her memories about him. He goes to see Dr. Howard Mierzwiak (Tom Wilkinson) of Lacuna Inc., a firm that helps people erase their painful, heartbreaking memories with a special brain map processing, and asks the doctor to erase his memory. However, while the memory erasure is ongoing, he faces with their earlier memories that are so passionate, sweet and precious that they should never be deleted. Although Joel tries to wake up and stop getting rid of her from his mind, Dr. Mierswiak and his employees keep going on the process. Joel eventually gets to the last memory, disappearing with the last words of Clementine saying, “Meet me in Montauk.” Other than the story of main characters, the staff members of Lacuna Inc. such as Mary (Kirsten Dunst), and Patrick (Elijah Wood) also have some related stories which will be a key for the ending of this movie.
## Quotes
The director tells people two quotes by Mary’s words in the movie. The first one is from Friedrich Nietzsche’s saying, “Blessed are the forgetful, for they get the better even of their blunders.” The second one is from Alexander Pope’s poem, “How happy is the blameless vestal's lot! The world forgetting, by the world forgot. Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind! Each prayer accepted, and each wish resigned.” The title of this movie, “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind” is from this quote.

## Other websites
* Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Official site
* Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind The Internet Movie Database
James Mason

**James Neville Mason** (15 May 1909 – 27 July 1984) was an English actor.

## Acting credits
### Film 
### Television 
### Theatre 
### Radio
## References
## Other websites 
*
Tteok

**Tteok** is a Korean traditional rice cake which is made of rice by kneading it with water. It tastes  and . Tteok is usually only eaten on holidays or birthdays.

Koreans eat Tteok depending on the season. On the first day of the year, they make *Garaetteok* which is shaped like a long white cylinder because it looks like a white thin thread that represents a long life generally in Asian culture. Sliced Garaetteok is used for making a soup named Tteokguk. In March, women make small sweet Korean pancakes called *Hwajeon* with flowers. They use flowers such as azaleas and chrysanthemums. On Chuseok holiday, Korean Thanksgiving Day, Koreans make *Songpyeon*. They dough rice flour and stuff sesame, or chestnut into each. After they put it in, they shape it into a half moon.

## References
Pansori

**Pansori** is  a Korean traditional narrative song that one sorikkun, a singer, weaves a story with chang (song), aniri (descriptive speech), and nurumsae (motion). The name of the song is also known as gapga, bonsaga, changga in Chinese, but it is called pansori in Korean. The term pansori first appeared in 'Mae-il Shin bo' (the name of the newspaper in 1910s in Korea) in 1913. Pansori is a performing art which one sorikkun, and one gosu (a drummer playing a barrel drum called buk) sing a song of a long story to the audience. 'Pan' in pansori means 'a place where many people gather', and 'sori' means 'sound'. Pansori represents voluntariness and impromptu which are the characteristics of Korean traditional music. For example, before Heung-rok Song period it had been orally narrated without any exact scripts by extemporarily inserting songs handed down orally and witty remarks into the stories taught by a master.

## Characteristics 
Pansori is a professional art which requires sorikkun to have a high level of singing skill. Also, it is a performing art because one singer takes roles of various characters in a story. Music, literature, and play are the key elements that coexist in pansori. It was established as an independent performing art by associating with many adjacent genres of Korean traditional music such as Minyo, Mooga (songs that shamans sing in a performance of exorcism), Sijo, Japga (a folk music sung by common people during the latter part of Joseon dynasty), and Gasa. It is also the only genre that started with popular arts and led to ethnic arts in Korea.

## Ba-tang sori and Toe-mak sori
There is an opinion that in the traditional society Pansori indicated Ba-tang sori (a song that includes the whole story) and if a singer sang certain parts of a story, usually famous parts, it was called just 'sori'. Today if a singer sings a full story, it is called Ba-tang sori whereas, if a singer sing just some parts of the story, the sori is called Toe-mak sori or Ma-di sori. Toe-mak sori was mainly sung by sorikkun in the 20th century. However, after Dong-Jin Park, a famous male sorikkun, sang the full story of Heungbuga for five hours in 1968, many sorikkun tried to sing Ba-tang sori which requires sorikkun more efforts to sing.

## Related pages
* Pungmul

## References
*www.pansoree.com
Go-Stop

**Go-Stop** (; also called *Godori*) is a Korean card game which uses Hanafuda. Hanafuda cards have 48 cards. 4 cards are 1 set and 12 sets mean 12 months. Normally, 3 players play Go-Stop, but it is possible to play with 2 players or among more than 4 players. 

Go-Stop is played for fun among friends or family members. But it also can be a kind of gambling. In recent years, Go-Stop became one of the most popular online board games in Korea with the development of internet.

## Rules 
The rules of this game are different in different places, but the basic rules are the same. After deciding which player will go first, every player gets 7 cards and 6 cards which are placed upside down on the floor. The first player takes one card of his own out of his hand to pair the cards, and the game starts. It turns counter clockwise.  are calculated by the cards that players get. If someone gets 3 points which are the minimum points to win, he can choose "Go" or "Stop". If he chooses "Stop", other players need to pay money according to the point of the winner, and then the game is finished. The winner is the first player in a new game. If he chooses "Go", the game continues. The player who chose "Go" needs to get another 1 point to select again "Go" or "Stop". But if one of other players gets 3 points before the player who chose "Go" gets another 1 point, the player who gets 3 points can stop the game as a winner. If it occurs, the player who chose "Go" should pay for the other player's money to the winner including his own. This is the specific rule that makes Go-Stop interesting.
Westphalia

(1807-1813), borders as of 1811
*Red*: Province of Westphalia (1815-1946)
*Dark grey*: North Rhine-Westphalia (since 1946)]]
**Westphalia** () is a region in Germany. The cities of Arnsberg, Bielefeld, Bochum, Detmold, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Hagen, Minden and Münster are in  its centre. In 1946, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia was created, which includes part of the historical region.

Westphalia is roughly the region between the rivers Rhine and Weser, north and south of the Ruhr River. During the course of history, different places and regions were called "Westphalia", the borders of the region can therefore not be defined exactly, as they depend on the entity and time talked about. For the same reason, there are different specifications of its area and number of people. They range between  in land area, and between 4.3 million and 8 million people. There is a consensus that Münster, Bielefeld and Dortmund are part of Westphalia.

A linguistic definition of Westphalia (see Westphalian language) includes the former Prussian Province of Westphalia (except Siegen-Wittgenstein), Lippe, the region around Osnabrück and the greater area of the Emsland. Present-day common use, however, often restricts the notion to the present part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Westphalia is known for the 1648 Peace of Westphalia which ended the Thirty Years' War, as the two treaties were signed in Münster and Osnabrück.
Empress Myeongseong

**Empress Myeongseong** (25 September 1851 – 20 August 1895), also known as **Empress Min**, was the official wife of King Gojong. Emperor Gojong was the twenty-sixth king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. In 1902, she was given the honorary name of *Hyoja Wonseong Jeonghwa Hapcheon Honggong Seongdeok Myeongseong Taehwanghu* (Hangul: 효자원성정화합천홍공성덕명성태황후, Hanja: 孝慈元聖正化合天洪功誠德明成太皇后). It is usually shortened to *Myeongseong Hwanghu* (Hangul: 명성황후, Hanja: 明成皇后).

The Japanese felt that she was being politically unhelpful to them. After China was defeated in the First Sino-Japanese War, Queen Min tried to get help from Russia instead. She wanted to stop Japanese influence from spreading in Joseon, where it was getting stronger.

In South Korea, people have recently begun showing interest in Queen Min. Novels and musicals have been made about her.

## Early life 
Empress Myeongseong (Min Jayoung) was born at 1851, as the daughter of Min Chirok in the province of Gyeonggi. She lost her father when she was eight, and grew in a scanty livelihood. Because the Heungseon Daewongun who was the father of King Gojong and the most powerful politician in that period, wanted the queen who had no political ambition or close relatives who would influence the queen, she was chosen as the queen of the Gojong by the recommendation of Yeoheung Budaebuin who was the mother of the King.

## As a queen 
At first, she was not wecomed in the palace. Her husband already had a concubine, and no one helped her in palace. But she decided to confront with her father-in-law Heungseon Daewongun, because of the heir problem. She started to be active in politics, and made her relatives royal officers. The queen finally forced the Heungseon Daewongun to retire by arguing that Gojong, now twenty-two, should govern in his own right and banished the concubine. However, her policies about foreign countries made complaints from commons, and eventually the army rebelled against her, and for the Heungseon Daewongun to be restored. She evacuated from the palace, and returned by depending on Chinese army.

## Death
On October 8, 1895, the queen was murdered by a group of Japanese agents under Miura Gorō. Gorō's one of his men  threw her to the floor, jumped on her chest three times, and slashed and stabbed her with his sword, killing her instantly. She was 43 years old.

In the early morning, Japanese men who said that they were commanded by Gorō went into Gyeongbok Palace. When they went into the Queen's Quarters (Okhoru), they killed three women whom they thought were Empress Myeongseong. When they proved that one of the women was Queen Min, they burned her body in a forest in front of the Okhoru.

## References
Edward Scissorhands

***Edward Scissorhands*** is a 1990 American romantic fantasy movie directed by Tim Burton. Caroline Thompson wrote the screenplay. Danny Elfman, a composer and musician from the band Oingo Boingo, wrote and performed the music in this movie. The role of Edward was played by Johnny Depp, with Winona Ryder playing Kim, his love interest. After making this movie, Ryder became much more famous. Depp and Burton were a successful combination after this movie. Many of Burton's movies after *Edward Scissorhands* star Depp.

## Plot 
It starts with an old woman telling a story about snow to her granddaughter. The story is about an unhappy young man named Edward, who had scissors instead of hands. A saleswoman of Avon, Peg, visits the house on the top of the mountain in her town. There lived Edward. Edward was created by a lonely inventor. He was left unfinished because the inventor died before giving him human hands. Peg felt pity for him and took him home. He was welcomed in the village. The neighbors got to like him more because of his talent in gardening and hair cutting. Jim, Kim's boyfriend, tried to use Edward's skill of unlocking doors without a scratch for stealing money from his own father. However, the security system was operating and Edward was locked in the room alone, where he was later caught. After then, Jim started to dislike Edward. Later, when Edward caught saw that Kim was enjoying the snow outside, Edward made an ice sculpture of her. Jim called out her name, causing Edward to jump, and he accidentally cut Kim's hand. However, Jim claimed that it was intentional. Also, when Edward saved Kevin from being run over by Jim's drunk friend, he was misunderstood. People thought he was trying to hurt Kevin. Edward was suspected by all the people in the village. So he went back to the castle he was living in. Jim followed him and tried to hurt him, but Edward stabbed Jim and pushed him out of the window of the castle, killing him. Kim wanted to protect Edward. She lies to the villagers, saying that they killed each other. The story ends with a scene in which it is revealed that the old woman telling the story was Kim.

## Other websites 
*
Silla

**Silla** was one of the kingdoms of ancient Korea. It existed from 57 BC to 935 and is famous as the longest sustained country in Korean history. 

Silla was founded by King Park Hyeokgeose in 57 BC, around Gyeongju in the southeast part of the Korean peninsula. Although Silla was founded earlier than Goguryeo and Baekje which coexisted with Silla during that time, it took more time for Silla to build firm government structure than those kingdoms. However, around the 6th century, by accepting Buddhism, Silla made its royal power stronger. Around the 7th century, Silla acquired the Han river area, which was the most important area in Korean history. Finally, Silla conquered Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668, with the Tang Dynasty of China as an ally.

In the last stage of Silla, the king and noblemen indulged in extravagance, and it made people rebel. The later three kingdom period began as Gyeon Hwon founded a new country, later Baekje, succeeding the ancient Baekje, and Gung Ye built Taebong succeeding ancient Goguryeo. Silla could not withstand their growing force, and finally surrendered to Goryeo in 935 and collapsed.

## References
Callosamia promethea

The **Promethea Moth** (*Callosamia promethea*) is a species of moth.  It  in the family Saturniidae.  It is also known as the **Promethea Silkmoth** or the **Spicebush Silkmoth**.

## Description
The male has dark brownish-black wings.  There is a faint white line that runs down the center of both wings.  There is pinkish coloring near the tip of the fore wing (the top wing).  The female is bright reddish-pink or a brownish color.  Both genders have tan colored wing edges.  The wingspan measures 7.5-9.5&nbsp;cm.  The Promethea Moth has 1 brood in the northern part of its range (which flies from June-July).  It has 2 or more broods in the southern part of its range (which fly from March-May and again from July-August).

## Host plants
Here is a list of host plants that the caterpillars feed on:

**Acer* - maple
**Betula* - birch
**Cephalanthus* - buttonbush
**Fraxinus* - ash
**Halesia* - silver bell
**Laurus nobilis* - Sweet Bay
**Lindera benzoin* - Spicebush
**Liquidambar* - sweet gum
**Liriodendron tulipifera* - Tulip-tree
**Magnolia* - magnolia
**Malus* - apple
**Prunus serotina* - Wild Black Cherry
**Sassafras* - sassafras
**Symplocos tinctoria* - Horse Sugar
**Syringa* - lilac
**Tilia* - basswood

## References
Ahn Cheol-soo

**Ahn Cheol-soo** (born February 26, 1962) is a Korean businessman, doctor and professor. He is famous as the developer of the computer anti-virus software program, V3. He is the founder and CEO of the Ahn Lab. He is now a professor at Seoul National University.

Ahn was the People's Party nominee for the presidential election in 2017. He was most recently a founding co-leader of the People's Party alongside Chun Jung-bae. He was an unsuccessful candidate for President of South Korea in the 2025 snap presidential election.

## Personal History 
Ahn Chul-soo was born in Pusan in 1962. He graduated from the medical school of Seoul National University. He went on to do graduate work in medical science at Seoul National University. He received a master's degree in medical school and he holds a doctorate in medicine.

During the course, he found a computer virus, one of the first viruses, called the Brain, on his floppy diskette. He started to analyze and develop the vaccine software program. He also uploaded the program, and wrote about it in the magazine *Microsoft*, a technical magazine which covers computer programs. He upgraded the vaccine program and introduced the V2, V2 Plus to the public with adding the function which can cure the LBC and Jerusalem viruses. He finally introduced the V3 program, now a very important software program for Korean computer users.

He has been a chief of the Dankook University medical school. However, he decided to become a doctor of computers. He founded the Ahn Lab, a special venture business for developing computer vaccine programs. He also received an Executive MBA course in University of Pennsylvania, Wharton school. He completed the venture business course in Stanford University.

## Awards 
*Bronze Tower Industrial Award by Ministry of Knowledge Economy Korea
*Young Engineer Award by National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK)
*Voted as ASIA STAR 25 by *Business Week*
*Voted as Leader of Korea 18 by World Economic Forum (WEF)

## References
Lord of War

***Lord of War*** is a crime thriller movie released in September 2005. It is directed by Andrew Niccol and starred Nicolas Cage, Ethan Hawke, Jared Leto and Bridget Moynahan. It deals with a story of gunrunner, named Yuri, who deals in arms trafficking. It is based on a real person named Victor Bout who was a notorious arms dealer.

The movie describes a person who deals in firearms as a "Merchant of Death", since by selling guns to people, Yuri is selling and bringing them death. At the end of the movie, an additional credit title points out the irony in that the five biggest arms exporting countries, the U.S., UK, Russia, France and China, are also the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.

## Story 
The main character Yuri Orlov (played by Nicolas Cage) is a Ukrainian-American. He persuaded his brother Vitaly (Jared Leto) to be his partner in his arms trafficking business. They made a great success. Another important character, Jack Valentine (Ethan Hawke), is an Interpol agent. Jack finds out that Yuri is a gunrunner. From the first moment Jack met Yuri until the ending, he tried to arrest Yuri but every time Yuri escaped capture. At the last moment when Yuri finally got caught by Jack, Yuri said to Jack that he would never be sent to jail because he himself was a "necessary evil". He also told Jack that the U.S. government, which Jack was working for, also knew that and they needed arms dealers just like Yuri. In the end, Yuri got freed from capture and kept his business for the purpose of arming people in the world.

## Other websites 
*Lord of War on Rottentomatoes
Metro Cammell

Piccadilly line.]]
 on the Calder Valley Line, near Burnley.]]
The **Metropolitan Cammell Carriage and Wagon Company (MCCW)** (often called **Metro Cammell**) was a manufacturer of railway carriages and wagons. They were based in Saltley - and later Washwood Heath - in Birmingham, England. They are best known for making most of the trains on the London Underground and some first generation diesel multiple units, until they were sold to French company Alstom in 1989.

## Other websites 
* MCW archives at the Historical Model Railway Society, at Butterley in Derbyshire 
* Birmingham City Council Public Records Office also has an archive of old Metro Cammell material
Ewha Girls' High School

'''Ewha Girls' High School''' was the first school for girls in Korea, and was called Ewha Hackdang at first. It is located in Jeong-dong, Jungu, Seoul, Korea. It was founded by Mary Scranton who came to Korea as a Christian missionary in 1885. This school opened in 1886 as a mission school, and the name "Ewha"  was granted by Gojong, the 26th king of the Joseon dynasty. It literally means pear blossoms, but the internal meaning is "Be white, clear, innocent like pear blossoms". Ewha Girls' High School is one of the first private schools that are allowed to have autonomy, since 2010.

## Great women in history from Ewha 
### Yu Kwan Soon
The most famous person who has graduated from this high school is Yu Kwan Soon. She was one of the leaders of a great independence movement called the "3.1 movement" while she was in school. At that time, Korea was under the domination of Japan, and the school had to close. Even though she was a young girl student, she resisted with great courage, and died in prison. Later, people praised her bravery, and she got the Order of Merit for National Foundation for effort on independence in 1962, and the Honor Ewha Girls' High School diploma in 1996.

### Lee Hui Ho
The wife of Kim Dae Jung, the 15th president of Korea. She was the manager of Young Women's Christian Association of Korea. She was also the director of Korean National Council of Women.

## Facilities 
They have the eight-story main hall, EWHA 100th Memorial Hall, and library building which was donated from Jeon In Hang. There are also a gymnasium, which is one of the largest in Korea, several tennis courts, and a huge play ground. A simson hall, the oldest building at Ewha Girls' High School, is registered as culture remains. 
The open-air theater, Yu Kwan soon memorial building, and Ewha church are famous. The 3.1 independence movement commemorative events are held in this memorial building annually.

## References 
*http://www.ewha.hs.kr 
*http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=121748
*http://www.ewhamirror.com 
*http://ewhamirror.blogspot.com/
Lippstadt

tower from the 12th century]]

**Lippstadt** is a planned city in Westphalia. About 67,000 people lived there in 2008. The city is about 70 km east of Dortmund, and about 30 km west of Paderborn. 

## History
The city was founded in 1185. It is the oldest founded city in Westphalia. Founded cities did not grow from earlier settlements; they were made as cities from the beginning. Lippstadt is known because there were many witch trials in the city, especially between 1565 and 1573. The priest Anton Praetorius wrote in 1613, that "Nail-smith Ebert Balve and his sister, a baker were released from prison, despite protests from the population. They had been tortured for a long time, and they had withdrawn their confessions." This witchcraft trial left a lasting impression on Praetorius and may have changed his thinking. In 1597, he risked his life so that the torture of a woman be stopped. Later, he continued to fight against witch-trials and torture through his writings. There were more witch trials in Lippstadt between 1630 and 1677.
Just-World phenomenon

The **Just-World phenomenon** is when people think that because bad things happen to someone, they did something to deserve the bad things. The concept is a lot like *karma*, except it is more like a popular superstition instead of a religious belief. The phenomenon also happens in reverse, with good things being deserved.

## Examples
*Amy is watching Bob cook. Bob gets burnt by the hot frying pan. Amy assumes this is because Bob did something mean to Amy's friend Charles. (Here, the Just-World phenomenon is happening in Amy's mind. Bob getting burnt has nothing to do with Charles.)
*Albert is watching Brianna walk across the room. when Brianna touches the doorknob, she is shocked by static electricity. Albert decides that this is because she does not give to charity. (Brianna giving to charity has nothing to do with getting shocked. She was walking across the carpet in socks, which is why she was shocked.)
*Brianna watches Albert buy a lottery ticket. Albert later wins. Brianna thinks this is because Albert said "thank you" when buying the ticket.

## Related pages
* Karma
* Genocide
* The Holocaust
* Victim-blaming
* Bosnian genocide
* Rwandan genocide
* Cambodian genocide
André Segatti

**André Segatti** (born 15 May 1972) is a Brazilian actor and model. 

## On television 
* 2009 - *A Fazenda 2*
* 2009 - *Bela, a Feia* - Ivo
* 2009 - *A Lei e o Crime* - Ferradura
* 2008 - *Os Mutantes - Caminhos do Coração* - Ernesto Medeiros
* 2007 - *Caminhos do Coração* - Ernesto Medeiros
* 2006 - *Prova de Amor* - Gerião Correia
* 1999 - *Sai de Baixo*
* 1999 - *Chiquinha Gonzaga* - Eduardo
* 1998 - *A Turma do Didi* - André
* 1998 - *Torre de Babel* - dealer
* 1998 - *Labirinto* - Alex

## In movies 
* 2009 - *Syndrome* - Gregory
* 1999 - *O Trapalhão e a Luz Azul* - Davi/Príncipe Levi
Giorgi Latsabidze

**Giorgi Latso** (; born 15 April 1978, Tbilisi) is a Georgian-American virtuoso pianist and movie composer.

Latso started to play the piano as a boy and was giving concerts at the age of 10. He was given a presidential scholarship from the Georgian government to study in the Tbilisi Conservatorium. When he was 24, he won a DAAD scholarship to study music at the Hannover Hochschule in Germany and later continuied study at the Mozarteum in Salzburg. He later moved to Los Angeles to study with Stewart Gordon at the USC Thornton School of Music.

In 1998 he won the first prize in the Nikolai Rubinstein Competition in Paris, third prize in the Ennio Porrino Competition in Cagliari Italy and then, in 2005, he won first prize in the Yehudi Menuhin Federation Competition in Salzburg and in 2006 Young Artist International Piano Competition in Los Angeles.

His concert career has taken him worldwide across five continents – North America, Europe, Asia, South America and Africa.
He is known for his playing of the works of Frédéric Chopin, and Franz Liszt. He recorded 24 Etudes (Op.10; Op.25) of Chopin all 12 Transcendental Etudes of Liszt, 12 Preludes (Book II) of Debussy, 24 Preludes, Op.28 of Chopin; among others.

His concerts have been broadcast on radio and television in the USA, Europe, Asia and other countries. 
Latso was listed in the 65th edition of Who's Who in America, and Who's Who in American Art 2011.

He has taught at the University of Southern California, Azusa Pacific University, at Glendale Community College. 

Latso has recorded a CD of the entire piano-violin repertoire by composer Ignatz Waghalter for Naxos Records, with the London Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, violinist Irmina Trynkos and conductor Aelxander Walker. He made his performance debut at the acclaimed Wigmore Hall, London in 2010 and at Berliner Philharmonie concert hall in Berlin in 2012. 

In 2012, Latso got an invitation to Vatican City to perform for the Pope Benedict XVI. to perform a Mozart Concerto in C major (Elvira Madigan) K. 467 with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra in Santa Maria Maggiore Basilica in Rome.   

## Other websites 
* The Official website for Giorgi Latsabidze 
* DVD Trailer *Latsabidze: The Recital*
* IMDB

## References
London Underground rolling stock

A wide variety of trains have been used on the London Underground. In the early days steam locomotive and carriages were used. Nowadays electric multiple units are used.

## Rolling Stock 
The following trains are used on the London Underground.

## References
Trevor Linden

**Trevor John Linden**, OBC (born April 11, 1970, in Medicine Hat, Alberta) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played centre and right wing with four different teams: the Vancouver Canucks (two different times), New York Islanders, Montreal Canadiens, and Washington Capitals. Before he joined the NHL in 1988, Linden helped the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League (WHL) win the Memorial Cup, the trophy for junior hockey teams in Canada, twice in a row. Linden also played for Canada at the 1998 Winter Olympics.

From 1990 until 1997 Linden was the captain of the Canucks. He helped the team reach the Stanley Cup Finals in 1994.

## Other websites
*
*
*
Vincent Price

**Vincent Leonard Price Jr.** (May 27, 1911 – October 25, 1993) was an American actor. He was well known for his voice and serious but comic attitude in a series of horror movies made in the later part of his career. Price was also an art collector and consultant, with a degree in art history, and lectured and wrote books on the subject. He was the founder of the Vincent Price Art Museum in California.

## Career
His career began in 1935. He starred in film noirs. He soon moved to star in horror movies. He would work with other known horror movie stars such as Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee. He received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his works. Price narrated Michael Jackson's hit song "Thriller". Price also played the villain Egghead in the 1960s television series *Batman*. He retired in 1993 shortly before his death.

## Personal life
Price was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He studied at Yale University. He was married three times. His first two marriages both ended in divorce. His last marriage was to Caral Browne who died in 1991. 

Price died of lung cancer in Los Angeles at the age of 82. He was cremated and his ashes scattered off Point Dume in Malibu, California.

## Movies
## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
* 
* 
*
Resonance

and damping coefficients]]

In physics, **resonance** is the tendency of a system to vibrate with increasing amplitudes at some frequencies of excitation. These are known as the system's *resonant frequencies* (or *resonance frequencies*). The resonator may have a *fundamental frequency,* and any number of *harmonics*.

An example of useful effect of resonant frequency is a guitar string which makes a characteristic noise when it is touched. The noise depends on how thick or slack the string is.

Another example can be seen in a playground swing. There is one specific rate at which you must push away a person on a swing to cause the swing to go high. This rate is the resonant frequency.

In earthquake engineering, on contrary, any possibility of a resonance is detrimental for the building structure.

The Kirkwood gap and other connections among orbits are caused by orbital resonance.

## Related pages
* Resonator
* Seismic damper
* Vibration control
* Vibration isolation

## References
Pope Gregory XIII

**Pope Gregory XIII** (; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was the head of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this date.

## Early life
Ugo Boncompagni was born in 1502, in Bologna. 

## Bishop
Pope Paul IV appointed him Bishop of Viesti in 1558. and he chose to be called Gregory XIII.

Pope Gregory was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

In the last year of his life, Gregory received an embassy from Japan.  
* 1582 – Gregorian calendar , when 4 October was followed by 15 October.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
## Other websites
*
*  ["Gregory XIII"](http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gregory_(Popes)/Gregory_XIII), *Encyclopædia Britannica*, 1911
* Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Gregory XIII
*Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Cardinal Boncompagni
George Augustine Taylor

**George Augustine Taylor** (August 1, 1872 – January 20, 1928) was an Australian artist, journalist, and inventor. He was the first person in Australia to fly a heavier-than-air craft.

## Early life
Taylor was born at Sydney in 1872. He first became known as an artist, and was a member of the Sydney Bohemian set in the 1890s. He wrote about this part of his life in his book, *Those Were the Days*, published in 1918. He drew for *The Bulletin*, *Worker*, *Sunday Times*, *Referee*, and *London Punch*. Later he became interested in aviation and radio.Taylor was a member of the Dawn and Dusk Club, an group of bohemians and intellectuals that included the writer Henry Lawson. Taylor married his wife, Florence Mary Parsons in 1907.

## First flight
On December 5, 1909, Taylor flew a glider for  along Narrabeen beach. This was Australia's first manned flight. He had made the glider himself based on drawings by Lawrence Hargreave. The wooden framed glider had two wings, covered in calico, and a box kite tail. After his first flight, his wife Florence, flew the glider, and became the first Australian woman to fly an aircraft. During the day he became more confident and flew out over the sea, where the glider finally crashed.

## References
Satin bowerbird

The **satin bowerbird** (*Ptilonorhynchus violaceus*) is a small Australian bird known for its ability to build a special area for attracting females. This bower is filled with blue objects to help attract a female. There are six bird species in the bowerbird genus, of which five build a some kind of courting area. The golden bowerbird sits on a bridge he has made between sticks decorated like maypoles.

The satin bowerbird lives in rainforests and on the edge of drier forests along the east coast of Australia. They can be found from Cooktown in the north to Melbourne in the south.

## Description
They are a small bird, about  long and weighing about . The young males and females look the same, with grey to green, brown and dark brown feathers. The belly is coloured a pale brown to cream color, with dark olive to grey crescent shapes. When the male becomes sexually mature at about seven years old he grows black feathers, with a shiny blue-purple shine. The male also has bright blue eyes, and a blue beak which is yellow on the end.

## Bowers
The satin bowerbird builds a special area, called a bower, to attract a female. They return to the same area every year, where they clear a space about  in diameter and then build the bower. In the centre is two lines of thin sticks or grass, carefully lined up to north and south. He can paint the walls with a mixture of his saliva and crushed berries which he brushes on with a stick. He then places a collection of coloured objects in the entrance to the bower. These are usually blue or yellow, and can include feathers, and even plastic or glass. The male stands outside the bower and sings and may pick up the objects to show them to the female. If she is pleased with the performance and the bower, she will enter the bower, followed by the male and they mate quickly. She will then fly off to begin building a nest. The male has nothing more to do with her.

## References
Maple Ridge, British Columbia

**Maple Ridge** is a district municipality (area with several settlements).  It is in British Columbia.

## History
Maple Ridge was formed on September 12, 1874.  It is the sixth oldest community in British Columbia.

## Location
Maple Ridge is located in southern British Columbia.  It is to the east of Vancouver.

Maple Ridge is on the north shore of the Fraser River.

## Communities
Maple Ridge is a district municipality.  This means that there are several communities within the official borders of Maple Ridge.  These communities are: Albion, East Haney, Hammond, Haney, Port Haney, Ruskin, Silver Valley, The Ridge, Thornhill, Webster's Corners, Whonnock, and Yennadon.

## Notable People
* Andrew Ladd - 2-time Stanley Cup winning ice hockey player

## References
Cecilia

**Cecilia** is a female name. **Cecilia** may also refer to:

**Cecilia* (Burney novel), an 18th-century work by Frances Burney
*Cecilia, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in the United States
*"Cecilia" (Simon & Garfunkel song), a 1970 song
*Caecilian, a Group (order) of amphibians

## Related pages
*
Kokborok language

**Kok-borok** (also spelled *Kok Borok*) is the native language of the Borok people in Tripura and its neighboring areas of the Republic of India. The word Kok-borok is a compound of the words *kok*, which means "language", and *borok*, which literally means "nation", but is used to denote the Borok people. Thus Kok-borok means "the language of Borok" or "the language of the Borok people".

There are more than 950.000 people speaking Kokborok. Kokporok is an official language in India, in Tripura.