open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tal Ben Haim

**Tal Ben Haim** (; born 31 March 1982) is an Israeli former football player. He most recently played for Beitar Jerusalem and Israel national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2000–01||rowspan="4"|Maccabi Tel Aviv||rowspan="4"|Premier League||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2001–02||29||1||5||0||3||0||4||0||41||1
|-
|2002–03||30||0||4||0||10||0||4||0||48||0
|-
|2003–04||26||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||1

|-
|2004–05||rowspan="3"|Bolton Wanderers||rowspan="3"|Premier League||21||1||4||0||2||0||0||0||27||1
|-
|2005–06||35||0||4||0||3||0||7||0||49||0
|-
|2006–07||32||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||34||0
|-
|2007–08||Chelsea||Premier League||13||0||2||0||3||0||2||0||20||0
|-
|2008–09||Manchester City||Premier League||9||0||0||0||1||0||5||0||15||0
|-
|2008–09||Sunderland||Premier League||5||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2009–10||Portsmouth||Premier League||||||||||||||||||||
86||2||9||0||13||0||8||0||116||2
115||1||11||0||10||0||14||0||150||1
201||3||20||0||23||0||22||0||266||3
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||8||0
|-
|2004||9||0
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
|2007||9||0
|-
|2008||7||0
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||53||0
|}

## References
Bruno Vale

**Bruno Miguel Esteves do Vale** (born 8 April 1983) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**Porto**
* Primeira Liga: 2003–04

**Apollon Limassol**
* Cypriot Cup: 2012–13, 2015–16, 2016–17

## References
Fábio Santos (footballer, born 1985)

**Fábio Santos Romeu** (born 16 September 1985) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Corinthians.

## Career statistics
### International
## Honours 
### Club
;São Paulo
* Copa Libertadores: 2005
* FIFA Club World Cup: 2005

;Grêmio
*Campeonato Gaúcho: 2010

;Corinthians
*Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2011, 2015
*Copa Libertadores: 2012
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2012
*Campeonato Paulista: 2013
*Recopa Sudamericana: 2013

;Atlético Mineiro
*Campeonato Mineiro: 2017

### National team
;Brazil
* Chile Octagonal Tournament: 2005
*Superclásico de las Américas: 2012

## References
Saša Drakulić

**Saša Drakulić** (born 28 August 1972) is a Serbian football player. He plays for Proleter Novi Sad.

## References
Alen Avdić

**Alen Avdić** (born 3 April 1977) is a Bosnia and Herzegovinan football player. He has played for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## References
Haminu Draman

**Haminu Draman** (born 1 April 1986) is a Ghanaian former football player. He played for Lokomotiv Moscow and Ghana national team.

## Career statistics
### Club career statistics
|-
|2005–06||Red Star Belgrade||Superliga||44||10

|-
|2006–07||Gençlerbirliği||Süper Lig||31||2

|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Lokomotiv Moscow||rowspan="2"|Premier League||32||3
|-
|2008||31||2
|-
|2009||Kuban Krasnodar||Premier League||27||3
44||10
31||2
63||5
165||20
|}

### National career statistics
:''Scores and results list Ghana's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Draman goal.''

## Honours
**Red Star Belgrade**
*First League of Serbia and Montenegro: 2005–06
*Serbia and Montenegro Cup: 2006

**Lokomotiv Moscow**
*Russian Cup: 2007

**Asante Kotoko**
*Ghana Premier League: 2013–14
*Ghanaian FA Cup: 2014

**Infonet**
*Meistriliiga: 2016

**Ghana**
*Africa Cup of Nations: 2010 (runner-up)

## References
Oleg Pashinin

**Oleg Pashinin** (born 12 September 1974) is a former Uzbekistani football player. He has played for Uzbekistan national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
**Lokomotiv Moscow**
*Russian Premier League: 2002, 2004
*Russian Cup: 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2007
*Russian Super Cup: 2003
*Commonwealth of Independent States Cup: 2005
Strata

coast (Jurassic Coast). The strata here are nearly vertical, as a result of ancient orogeny.]]

**Strata** are layers of rock, or sometimes soil. In nature, strata come in many layers. It is a term in sedimentary and historical geology; the singular is ***stratum***.  The study of strata is called stratigraphy.

These layers are laid down as sediment, often in the sea, and are slowly changed by pressure, heat and chemical action into rocks. 

The strata are often typical of a particular time and place, and allow geologists to relate rocks in different places. For instance, chalk was laid down in the Upper Cretaceous period, and consists mainly of the remains of microscopic algae called coccoliths.

In normal strata, the later strata are laid down on earlier strata in horizontal layers. In the long passage of time, sedimentary rocks may get *deformed* by huge forces in the Earth: volcanism, orogeny (mountain building) or other causes. Then it requires research to work out what has happened to the strata.

When strata rise above sea level they get worn down by erosion, such as weather. This causes gaps in the sequence of strata, which may have risen and sunk many times in Earth history. These gaps are called unconformities in geological jargon.

## Cycles 
 strata, Scarboro Cliffs, Toronto, Ontario, Canada]]

In many formations of strata there are repeating patterns. For example, clay layers alternate with sandstone layers; or carbonate layers alternate with shales. This is usually caused by repeating cycles of climate. In warmer times the sea rises, and carbonate rocks are deposited in shallow subtropical seas. Later, ice builds up at the poles and the sea level drops. Then the same area is close to shore, and gets sand and mud washed down by rivers. 

Rocks showing repeat patterns of strata are called rhythmites. Sometimes the patterns are caused by annual climate changes. Geologists call those varves. 

## Gallery 

Image:Rock_Strata.jpg|Horizontal rock strata at Depot Beach, New South Wales
Image:Rainbow_Basin.JPG|Rainbow Basin Syncline in the Barstow Formation near Barstow, California. Folded strata.
Image:OrdOutcropTN.JPG|Outcrop of Upper Ordovician limestone and minor shale, Tennessee: repeating patterns in the strata are obvious
Image:Stair Hole from the East. - geograph.org.uk - 200981.jpg|Stair Hole from the East. This hole on the Jurassic Coast behind the cliff shows contorted strata.
Mickaël Landreau

**Mickaël Vincent André-Marie Landreau** (born 14 May 1979) is a French professional football manager and former player who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Managerial statistics
## Honours
**Nantes**
*Division 1: 2000–01
*Coupe de France: 1998–99, 1999–2000
*Trophée des Champions: 1999, 2001

**Paris Saint-Germain**
*Coupe de la Ligue: 2007–08

**Lille**
*Ligue 1: 2010–11
*Coupe de France: 2010–11

**France**
*FIFA Confederations Cup: 2001, 2003
*FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2006

## References
Škoda Superb

**Škoda Superb** is a car produced by Škoda Auto from 2001 to the present day. The first generation was made from 2001 to 2008 and got a facelift in 2006, it was available as a saloon only. The second generation was made from 2008 to 2015 with a facelift in 2013, it was available as a hatchback or an estate from early 2010. It entered its third generation in 2015 and like its predecessor, it comes as a hatchback or an estate. 

File:Skoda Superb blau.JPG|First generation
File:2009 Skoda Superb Elegance CRTDi Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg|Second generation 
File:2018 Skoda Superb SE L Executive TSi 1.4.jpg|Third generation (pre-facelift)
File:2022 Škoda Superb SE L 2.0 TDI (Front).jpg|Third generation (facelift)
Skoda Superb Scout 4x4 facelift, 2020 front.jpg|Third generation (Scout) (facelift)
Elf

An **elf** is a creature of various origins that is usually regarded as a good being that helps to make trees and nature good. It is therefore commonly associated with paganism and witchcraft (many modern witches today believe that elves are real creatures).

Elves are usually described as a taller human, but with more firmer touch to them. However, in *The Lord of the Rings*, elves were described as human sized (and if anything taller), hence changing the description of elves. They are sometimes known to have long, pointy ears.

In most modern fantasy scenarios, elves are one of the 3 main races (elves, dwarves, and humans), although if these 3 are described as the good races, they then become one of 6 races, including orcs, goblins, trolls, and / or giants.

The word *elf* is found throughout the Germanic languages and seems originally to have meant "white being". Reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends largely on texts, written by Christians, in Old and Middle English, medieval German, and Old Norse. These associate elves variously with the gods of Norse mythology, with causing illness, with magic, and with beauty and seduction.

 (1866)]]
The elves of Norse mythology have survived into folklore mainly as females, living in hills and mounds of stones. The Swedish *älvor* were stunningly beautiful girls who lived in the forest with an elven king. 

The elves could be seen dancing over meadows, particularly at night and on misty mornings. They left a circle where they had danced, which were called *älvdanser* (elf dances) or *älvringar* (elf circles), and to urinate in one was thought to cause venereal diseases. Typically, elf circles were fairy rings consisting of a ring of small mushrooms, but there was also another kind of elf circle. In the words of the local historian Anne Marie Hellström:

:...on lake shores, where the forest met the lake, you could find elf circles. They were round places where the grass had been flattened like a floor. Elves had danced there. By Lake Tisnaren, I have seen one of those. It could be dangerous and one could become ill if one had trodden over such a place or if one destroyed anything there.

Elves were not exclusively young and beautiful. In the Swedish folktale *Little Rosa and Long Leda*, an elvish woman (*älvakvinna*) arrives in the end and saves the heroine, Little Rose, on condition that the king's cattle no longer graze on her hill. She is described as a beautiful old woman and by her aspect people saw that she belonged to the *subterraneans*.

In Philippine folklore, there is a famous Red Elf named "Elfred from Cagayan de Oro". 

## Related pages
* Christmas elf

## References
## Other websites
Volkswagen Vento

**Volkswagen Vento** was a car made by Volkswagen from 1992 through 1998. It is the European version of the Third Generation Volkswagen Jetta.

## Engines 
### Petrol engines 
* *1.6* 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp) and 74&nbsp;kW (100&nbsp;hp)
* *1.8* 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp) and 66&nbsp;kW (90&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0* 85&nbsp;kW (115&nbsp;hp)
* *2.8 VR6* 128&nbsp;kW (174&nbsp;hp)

### Diesel engines 
* *1.9 D* 47&nbsp;kW (64&nbsp;hp)
* *1.9 SDI* 47&nbsp;kW (64&nbsp;hp)
* *1.9 TD* 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp)
* *1.9 TDI* 66&nbsp;kW (90&nbsp;hp) and 81&nbsp;kW (110&nbsp;hp)
Akmal Shaikh

**Akmal Shaikh** (5 April 1956 – 29 December 2009) was a British citizen, originally from Pakistan, who was executed in Urumqi, China, by lethal injection. Shaikh was the first EU national to be executed in China in 50 years. The father of five took heroin from a friend named "Okole" unknowingly to China in a suitcase on a plane. China defended its decision to put Shaikh to death and stated it had acted according to Chinese law.

## References
Škoda Fabia

The **Škoda Fabia** is a car produced by Škoda Auto in two generations since September 1999. It is (2025) in its third generation which launched in late 2014. 

## First generation (1999–2007) 
The first generation launched in September 1999 and launched in the UK in Spring 2000 with estate and saloon versions added in 2001 and got a facelift in 2004. 
### Models 

File:Škoda Fabia Yellow.jpg|5-door hatchback(Fabia)
File:Skoda Fabia Sedan.jpg|4-door saloon(Fabia Sedan)
File:Škoda Fabia Used by the Czech Police.JPG|5-door station wagon(Fabia Combi)
File:Fabia-praktik seitlich.jpg|5-door panel van(Fabia Praktik)

### Engines 
#### Petrol engines 
* *1.0* 37&nbsp;kW (50&nbsp;hp)
* *1.2 HTP* 40&nbsp;kW (54&nbsp;hp) and 47&nbsp;kW (64&nbsp;hp)
* *1.4 MPI* 44&nbsp;kW (60&nbsp;hp) and 50&nbsp;kW (68&nbsp;hp)
* *1.4 16V* 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp), 59&nbsp;kW (80&nbsp;hp) and 74&nbsp;kW (101&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0 MPI* 85&nbsp;kW (116&nbsp;hp) and 88&nbsp;kW (120&nbsp;hp)

#### Diesel engines 
* *1.4 TDI* 51&nbsp;kW (69&nbsp;hp), 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp) and 59&nbsp;kW (80&nbsp;hp)
* *1.9 SDI* 47&nbsp;kW (64&nbsp;hp)
* *1.9 TDI* 74&nbsp;kW (101&nbsp;hp)
* *1.9 TDI RS* 96&nbsp;kW (131&nbsp;hp)

## Second generation (2007–2014) 
The second generation model launched in Spring 2007 and continued with hatchback and estate models, the saloon was dropped due to poor sales, it was facelifted in 2010 and got a minor update in 2013. The car was launched in the UK with a memorable advert with the car made entirely of cake and used the song My Favourite Things from The Sound Of Music. 
### Models 

File:Škoda Fabia II BiColor.jpg|5-door hatchback(Fabia)
File:Škoda Fabia Combi.jpg|5-door station wagon(Fabia Combi)

### Engines 
#### Petrol engines 
* *1.2 HTP* 44&nbsp;kW (60&nbsp;hp) and 51&nbsp;kW (69&nbsp;hp)
* *1.2 TSI* 63&nbsp;kW (86&nbsp;hp) and 77&nbsp;kW (105&nbsp;hp)
* *1.4 16V* 63&nbsp;kW (86&nbsp;hp)
* *1.4 TSI RS* 132&nbsp;kW (180&nbsp;hp)
* *1.6 16V* 77&nbsp;kW (105&nbsp;hp)

#### Diesel engines 
* *1.2 TDI* 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp)
* *1.4 TDI* 51&nbsp;kW (69&nbsp;hp) and 59&nbsp;kW (80&nbsp;hp)
* *1.6 TDI* 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp), 66&nbsp;kW (90&nbsp;hp) and 77&nbsp;kW (105&nbsp;hp)
* *1.9 TDI* 77&nbsp;kW (105&nbsp;hp)
## Fourth generation (2021-present) 
The Fabia IIII which will be unveiled in spring 2021 will be a little longer than the current generation. Based on the technical platform of the Volkswagen Polo and the Skoda Scala, it will have, according to Skoda, an additional 50 liters of trunk, bringing the capacity to a total of 380 liters, In its press release, Skoda also mentions the fact that the car will no longer be offered with gasoline powered mechanics. These will be paired with a manual gearbox or the 7-speed DSG dual-clutch transmission.
Requiem for a Dream

***Requiem for a Dream*** is a 2000 American psychological drama movie. It was directed by Darren Aronofsky. It stars Ellen Burstyn, Jared Leto, Jennifer Connelly, and Marlon Wayans. The movie is about people with different drug addictions in Brooklyn, New York City.

## Cast 
*Ellen Burstyn as Sara Goldfarb
*Jared Leto as Harry Goldfarb
*Jennifer Connelly as Marion Silver
*Marlon Wayans as Tyrone C. Love
*Keith David as Big Tim

## Other websites 
*
John Coltrane

**John William "Trane" Coltrane** (September 23, 1926&nbsp;– July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.

Coltrane played the bebop and hard bop styles of jazz early in his career, and helped start the use of modes in jazz and later was a very important part of free jazz. He made about fifty recordings as a bandleader, and appeared on many other albums, for example with trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk. As his career progressed, Coltrane's music became more spiritual. He died of liver cancer. His second wife was pianist Alice Coltrane, and their son Ravi Coltrane is also a saxophonist.

He influenced many musicians, and is one of the most important tenor saxophonists in jazz history. He received many awards, including Special Citation from the Pulitzer Prize Board in 2007 (many years after his death) for his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to the history of jazz."

## References
Škoda Octavia

The **Škoda Octavia** is a car produced by Škoda Auto in three generations since 1996. The first generation arrived in 1996 and launched in the UK in 1998 with a facelift in 2000. The second generation was launched in 2004 with a facelift in early 2009 but the first generation still continues until 2010. It entered its third generation in 2013 with a facelift in early 2017, it received some criticism for being a bit too big for some buyers. The fourth generation launched in June 2020.  

## First generation (1996–2010) 
### Versions 

File:Škoda Octavia (LancerenoK) 2.jpg|5-door hatchback(Octavia)
File:Škoda Octavia (LancerenoK) 3.jpg|5-door hatchback(Octavia)
File:Skoda Octavia front 20071007.jpg|5-door station wagon(Octavia Combi)
File:Skoda Octavia rear 20071007.jpg|5-door station wagon(Octavia Combi)

### Engines 
#### Petrol engines 
* *1.4* 44&nbsp;kW (60&nbsp;hp)
* *1.4 16V* 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp)
* *1.6* 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp), 74&nbsp;kW (101&nbsp;hp) and 75&nbsp;kW (102&nbsp;hp)
* *1.8 20V* 92&nbsp;kW (125&nbsp;hp)
* *1.8 20V Turbo* 110&nbsp;kW (150&nbsp;hp)
* *1.8 20V Turbo RS* 132&nbsp;kW (180&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0* 85&nbsp;kW (115&nbsp;hp)

#### Diesel engines 
* *1.9 SDI* 50&nbsp;kW (68&nbsp;hp)
* *1.9 TDI* 66&nbsp;kW (90&nbsp;hp), 74&nbsp;kW (101&nbsp;hp), 81&nbsp;kW (110&nbsp;hp) and 96&nbsp;kW (131&nbsp;hp)

## Second generation (2004–2013) 
### Versions 

File:Škoda Octavia II.JPG|5-door hatchback(Octavia)
File:Škoda Octavia II Heck.JPG|5-door hatchback(Octavia)
File:2009-2010 Škoda Octavia TSI station wagon 01.jpg|5-door station wagon(Octavia Combi)
File:2009-2010 Škoda Octavia TSI station wagon 02.jpg|5-door station wagon(Octavia Combi)

### Engines 
#### Petrol engines 
* *1.2 TSI* 77&nbsp;kW (105&nbsp;hp)
* *1.4 16V* 55&nbsp;kW (75&nbsp;hp) and 59&nbsp;kW (80&nbsp;hp)
* *1.4 TSI* 90&nbsp;kW (122&nbsp;hp)
* *1.6 MPI* 75&nbsp;kW (102&nbsp;hp)
* *1.6 FSI* 85&nbsp;kW (116&nbsp;hp)
* *1.8 TSI* 118&nbsp;kW (160&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0 FSI* 110&nbsp;kW (150&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0 TSI RS* 147&nbsp;kW (200&nbsp;hp)

#### Diesel engines 
* *1.6 TDI* 77&nbsp;kW (105&nbsp;hp)
* *1.9 TDI* 77&nbsp;kW (105&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0 TDI* 100&nbsp;kW (136&nbsp;hp) and 103&nbsp;kW (140&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0 TDI RS* 125&nbsp;kW (170&nbsp;hp)
Fela Kuti

**Fela Anikulapo Kuti** (15 October 1938 – 2 August 1997), or just **Fela**, was a Nigerian musician and composer who was very important in a genre called afrobeat. He played the saxophone, guitar, drums, keyboards and trumpet, and he sang. He was also a human rights activist. The American singer James Brown said that Kuti was one of the originators (starters) of the funk genre.

Kuti died in 1997 of Kaposi's sarcoma, an illness caused by AIDS. In 2008 a musical production called *Fela!* was created, about Kuti's life and career.

## References
Home Alone 3

***Home Alone 3*** was the third movie in the *Home Alone* movie series. It is an American crime comedy movie. Macaulay Culkin, who was in the last two movies, as Kevin McCallister, was too old for this movie. The movie instead features a different household and villains. The director was Raja Gosnell, who was the editor of both original movies and the star actor was Alex D. Linz as Alex D. Pruitt. John Hughes returns as the producer. It was released on December 12, 1997 by 20th Century Fox. The movie grossed $79,082,515 worldwide.

In this movie, Alex Pruitt (Alex D. Linz) is sick at home with the chickenpox. He recovers and must defend his home from four burglars.

Two made-for-television sequels: *Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House* and *Home Alone: The Holiday Heist* followed in 2002 and 2012, with a reboot titled *Home Sweet Home Alone* released in 2021.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Harvey Milk

**Harvey Bernard Milk** (May 22, 1930 – November 27, 1978) was an American politician and a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. He was the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California. He did not focus on homosexuality or gay activism at first, but did later on in his career. Milk moved from New York City to live in San Francisco in 1972. This was a time when lots of gay men moved to live in the Castro District of San Francisco. Milk became a city supervisor in 1977.

## Life 
Milk became an icon in San Francisco and "a martyr for gay rights", according to University of San Francisco professor Peter Novak. 

## Death 
On November 27, 1978, he and Mayor George Moscone were shot and killed by Dan White in San Francisco. White was another city supervisor who had recently resigned but wanted his job back. October 21, 1985, White committed suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning in his garage less than two years after his release from prison.

## Aftermath 
In 2002, Milk was called "the most famous and most significantly open LGBT official ever elected in the United States". Anne Kronenberg, his final campaign manager, wrote of him: "What set Harvey apart from you or me was that he was a visionary. He imagined a righteous world inside his head and then he set about to create it for real, for all of us." Milk was posthumously given the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama on August 12, 2009.

Popular quotes include "If a bullet should enter my brain, let that bullet destroy every closet door", "The fact is that more people have been slaughtered in the name of religion than for any other single reason. That, that my friends, that is true perversion!".

There has been some controversy about Milk’s relation to Jim Jones, a cult leader who led the communist Peoples Temple and resulted in the deaths of over 900 people.

## References
Hugo Viana

**Hugo Miguel Ferreira Gomes Viana** (; born 15 January 1983) is a Portuguese retired professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. He is the current director of football of Sporting CP.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
]]

:''Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Viana goal.''

|+ List of international goals scored by Hugo Viana

|}

## Honours
**Sporting CP**
*Primeira Liga: 2001–02
*Taça de Portugal: 2001–02
*UEFA Cup runner-up: 2004–05

**Braga**
*Taça da Liga: 2012–13
*UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2010–11

**Al Ahli**
*UAE Arabian Gulf League: 2013–14
*Arabian Gulf Super Cup: 2013
*UAE League Cup: 2014

**Orders**
*Medal of Merit, Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (House of Braganza)

## References
Diary

, written in 1903.  This page describes the first aeroplane flight]]
A **diary** is a book which a person writes about what they have seen or heard or what they have been doing.  Diaries are usually handwritten.  People like to keep diaries (meaning: write a diary) for a variety of reasons: they may want to keep a record for themselves about what they have done during their life.  They may sometimes want to publish it so that other people can read it.  Some diaries may be important for business or military purpose, in which case they may refer to it as "diarizing", which means to keep a record of an event that may have happened. Children in schools are often asked to write a diary.  This helps them to write about what they have been doing and expressing their thoughts. 

Some people, such as Samuel Pepys, have become famous as a diarist.  Pepys lived at an interesting time (he was alive at the time of the Great Fire of London).  We know a lot about what London was like by reading his diary.  Anne Frank wrote a diary while she was hiding from the Nazis.

In modern times people write blogs on the internet.  This is a modern kind of diary.

The word **diary** can also be used for a pocket diary: a small book in which people can write down their appointments so that they can remember what they are supposed to be doing each day.

## Related pages
*Journal
*Autobiography
Classical economics

**Classical economics** is the first modern school of economic thought. Its main developers include Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus and John Stuart Mill.

## Adam Smith *The Wealth of Nations* 
'']]
Adam Smith's book *The Wealth of Nations* (1776) was the beginning of classical economics. Smith said that if everyone did what was best for themselves, the result would be best for society. Before that, economics was about the king's personal interests, and the wealth of a nation was measured by the king's treasury. Smith said what's important is what's best for the whole nation, and that wealth should be measured by the yearly income of the nation. He wanted to discover how wealth can grow, and how people could do things to support that growth. Smith's book said land, labor, and capital were the three "factors of production" and the main contributors to a nation's wealth.

]]
Prices naturally adjust to having more or less of something: supply and demand. If there is too much of something (more supply), prices go down so that people have more reason to buy it. If a lot of people want something (high demand), there may not be enough of it (scarcity); there will be a competition among the people who want to buy it, and some people will agree to pay more to get what they want, and prices go up. 

Smith said markets should be free. At the time, some big companies (like the East India Company) were controlled by the government. Sometimes the rulers made laws that were good for themselves but not for workers or customers. For example, in the American colonies, colonists could grow cotton but were not allowed to make clothing from it. They had to ship it to England to be made into clothing, then buy it back after it was finished. Smith said this was bad for individuals and for society. He thought it was better for money to flow freely and naturally between buyers and sellers without outside interference. Money would naturally go to the sellers who made the best product at the best price. This way if people did what was best for them, it would end up being best for society as a whole, almost like an "invisible hand" was guiding everything.

## References
Jeff Probst

**Jeffrey Lee "Jeff" Probst** (born November 4, 1961) is an American game show host, executive producer and reporter. He was born in Wichita, Kansas, but mostly grew up in Bellevue, Washington. He is  best known for being the host of the American version of the reality show *Survivor*. 

On September 21, 2008 Probst won the first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program. On September 20, 2009 he won the same award again.

Probst currently hosts the talk show *The Jeff Probst Show*, which started on September 10, 2012.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*CBS.com profile
John Blow

**John Blow** (born Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, baptised 23 February 1649; died Westminster, London, 1 October 1708) was an English composer and organist. He had a great deal of influence on English music. His best pupil was Henry Purcell who was the greatest English composer of his time.

Blow was born in Newark-on-Trent. As a boy he sang in the choir the Chapel Royal (the king's church choir). He was still very young when he started composing anthems. One of these anthems, known as the "Club Anthem" was written by Blow together with three other choirboys: Pelham Humfrey, Michael Wise and William Turner, all of whom were to become well-known composers when they grew up. The diarist Samuel Pepys heard him sing once, but Blow's voice was breaking by then, and Pepys wrote in his diary that he made an "unpleasant sound". 

In 1668 he became organist of Westminster Abbey. In 1674 he was made a gentleman of the Chapel Royal. When Pelham Humfrey died, Blow took over two of his jobs. He was in charge of a small choir at the king’s court (he was called "composer-in-ordinary"). He also became Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal. He stayed in that job for the rest of his life. Many of the boy choristers he taught later became great composers. They include William Croft, Jeremiah Clark and Daniel Purcell. Henry Purcell’s voice had already broken by this time, and he became an apprentice to Blow.

In September 1673 he married Elizabeth Braddock. Ten years later she died when giving birth to a child.

In 1676 Blow became one of three organists at Westminster Abbey. In 1677 he was given the title of "Doctor of Music". In 1680 he seems to have resigned from his job as organist at Westminster Abbey so that his young pupil Henry Purcell could take his place. By 1685 he was one of the private musicians of James II. He composed a long anthem *God spake sometime in visions* for King James's coronation.

In 1687 he became choirmaster at St Paul's Cathedral. The choir was just being reformed after the rebuilding of the cathedral following the Great Fire of London. Michael Wise had been appointed as choirmaster, but then he died, so Blow was given the job. In 1695 he became organist of St Margaret's, Westminster, and he also took his old job at Westminster Abbey again when Henry Purcell died.

In 1699 he became Composer to the Chapel Royal. This was the first time anyone had been given this title. However, he does not seem to have composed much after 1700.

Blow died on 1 October 1708 and was buried in the north aisle of Westminster Abbey, close to Henry Purcell.

## His music 
Blow composed a large amount of music. He wrote the same sort of music as Henry Purcell, except that Purcell also wrote trio sonatas as well as a lot of music for the theatre. Blow wrote a large amount of church music. We know fourteen services and more than a hundred anthems by Blow. He also wrote other vocal music such as odes, and music for harpsichord and just one piece of music for the stage: *Venus and Adonis*.
PGA Championship

The **PGA Championship** is a golf tournament, which is the last out of the men's golf Major Championships.

## Stroke play era winners 
## References
Kris Allen

**Kristopher Neil Allen** (born June 21, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter. He was the winner of Series 8 of *American Idol*.

## References
Invisible ink

**Invisible ink** is a type of liquid that cannot be seen or read unless it is first activated. Chemical reactions, heat, ultraviolet light or special glasses are used to make invisible ink visible. 

It is used to send secret messages or for entertainment. Invisible ink pens are sometimes sold or used for prizes, usually with an ultraviolet light.

## More reading
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Pee-wee's Big Adventure

'''''Pee-wee's Big Adventure''''' is a 1985 movie starring Paul Reubens as Pee Wee Herman. He travels across the US to get back his stolen bicycle. The 1985 movie was directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay by  Paul Reubens, Phil Hartman and Michael Varhol. The music was composed by Danny Elfman.

## References
Takahiro Shimotaira

**Takahiro Shimotaira** (born 18 December 1971) is a former Japanese football player. He has now retired.

## Club statistics
## Managerial statistics
Update; *end of 2022 season*.

## References
Sandro Cardoso dos Santos

**Sandro Cardoso dos Santos** (born 22 March 1980) is a Brazilian former football player.

## Club statistics
## Honours
*K-League Top Scorer : 2001
*K-League Best XI : 2001
*Korean FA Cup : 2002
*Korean League Cup : 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005
*Korean Super Cup : 1999, 2000, 2005
*Asian Club Championship : 2001, 2002
*Asian Super Cup : 2001, 2002
Tadanari Lee

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. He used his name **Lee Chung-sung** until February 2007, when he obtained Japanese citizenship.

## Biography
Lee was born in Nishitokyo on December 19, 1985. He joined J1 League club FC Tokyo from their youth team in 2004. However he could not play at all in the match. In 2005, he moved to Kashiwa Reysol. Although he debuted in 2005, Kashiwa was relegated to J2 League end of the 2005 season. In 2006, he became a regular player and Kashiwa returned to J1 in a year. Kashiwa won the 2nd place in the 2008 Emperor's Cup. In August 2009, he moved to Sanfrecce Hiroshima. Hiroshima won the 2nd place in the 2010 J.League Cup. In January 2012, he moved to English EFL Championship club Southampton. Although Southampton was promoted to Premier League from the 2012/13 season, he could not play at all in the league. In January 2013, he moved to his first club FC Tokyo on loan. Although he returned to Southampton in summer 2013, he could not play in the league. In January 2014, he returned to Japan and joined Urawa Reds. Urawa won the 2nd place in the 2014 and 2016 J1 League. In 2017, Urawa won the champions in 2017 AFC Champions League. In 2019, he moved to Yokohama F. Marinos. Yokohama won the J1 champions in 2019. In 2020, he moved to J2 club Kyoto Sanga FC.

In February 2007, Lee obtained Japanese citizenship. In 2008, he was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2008 Summer Olympics and played all 3 matches. In January 2011, he was selected the Japan national team for 2011 Asian Cup. At this tournament, he debuted against Jordan on January 9. His first international goal was dramatic, coming as it did in the 109th minute of the final to secure a 1–0 win over Australia and Japan on the champions. He played 11 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 2012.

## Club statistics
## National team statistics
## International career statistics
### Appearances in major competitions
### Goals for senior national team
## Honours
**Sanfrecce Hiroshima**
*J.League Cup runner-up: 2010

**Southampton**
*EFL Championship runner-up: 2011–12

**Urawa Red Diamonds** 
*J.League Cup: 2016
*Suruga Bank Championship: 2017
*AFC Champions League: 2017
*Emperor's Cup: 2018

**Yokohama F. Marinos**
*J1 League: 2019

**Albirex Niigata (S)**
*Singapore Premier League: 2022, 2023
*Singapore Community Shield: 2023

**Japan**
*AFC Asian Cup: 2011
*Kirin Cup: 2011

## References
## Other websites
*
Dean Ashton

**Dean Ashton** (born 24 November 1983) is a former English football player. He has played for England national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
**Crewe Alexandra**
*Football League Second Division runner-up: 2002–03

**West Ham United**
*FA Cup runner-up: 2005–06

## References
Issey Nakajima-Farran

**Issey Morgan Nakajima-Farran ** (born 16 May 1984) is a Canadian former professional soccer player.

## Career statistics
### Club
:A.&nbsp; Includes appearances in the UEFA Cup and CONCACAF Champions League.

### International
### International goals
|-
| 1. || 20 June 2008 || Arnos Vale Stadium, Kingstown, St. Vincent & the Grenadines ||  || 0–**1** || 0–3 || 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
|}

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Official website
* 
* Issey Nakajima-Farran Interview (archived)
* Who is: Issey Nakajima-Farran (archived)
*Issey Nakajima-Farran at La Preferente
Raymond Domenech

**Raymond Manuel Albert Domenech** (; born 24 January 1952) is a French football manager and former player. He played for France national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
|-
|1970–71||rowspan="8"|Olympique Lyonnais||rowspan="8"|Division 1||37||2
|-
|1971–72||32||1
|-
|1972–73||38||0
|-
|1973–74||27||0
|-
|1974–75||35||3
|-
|1975–76||36||0
|-
|1976–77||34||1
|-
|1977–78||7||0
|-
|1977–78||rowspan="4"|Strasbourg||rowspan="4"|Division 1||30||1
|-
|1978–79||37||2
|-
|1979–80||38||1
|-
|1980–81||23||0
|-
|1981–82||Paris Saint-Germain||Division 1||19||1
|-
|1982–83||rowspan="2"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="2"|Division 1||18||2
|-
|1983–84||22||1
|-
|1984–85||rowspan="2"|Mulhouse||rowspan="2"|Division 2||12||0
|-
|1985–86||1||0
446||15
446||15
|}

### International
|-
|1973||1||0
|-
|1974||0||0
|-
|1975||2||0
|-
|1976||3||0
|-
|1977||0||0
|-
|1978||0||0
|-
|1979||2||0
|-
!Total||8||0
|}

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Manager
**France**
*FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2006

### Orders
*Officier of the Ordre national du Mérite: 2007

## References
Acritarch

**Acritarchs** are early microfossils, the remains, probably, of eukaryote cells. It is the resistant single-layered cell walls, or perhaps a cover secreted by cell walls, that we see in early rocks of the Proterozoic era. These structures are organic in their chemical composition, not calcium carbonate. Their precise nature is not known, but they look like the resting stages of modern dinoflagellates (the 'red tide' organisms).

:"These microfossils represent the resting stage in the reproductive cycle of eukaryote algae".p57 They include a wide range of forms, so it is not clear whether or not they are monophyletic. At about 1 billion years ago they started to increase in abundance, diversity, and especially size and number of spines. Their populations crashed during the Cryogenian period 860 million years ago (the Snowball Earth episodes). They proliferated in the Cambrian explosion and reached their highest diversity in the Palaeozoic. They survived at least until the Ordovician period.p256

The increased spininess possibly resulted from the need for defence against predators large enough to swallow them or tear them apart. Other groups of small organisms from the Neoproterozoic era also show signs of anti-predator defences.

## Recent discovery 
A recent discovery has greatly extended our knowledge of acritarchs. Large (50μm) acritarchs have been found in silica-based rocks of Archaean age in South Africa. These rocks date to 3,200 million years ago, which makes them the second oldest life to be found as fossils. The earliest are cyanobacteria found in stromatolites.

The significance of this is that acritarchs are eukaryotes. This means that eukaryotes were present at least 1.5 billion years earlier than had been supposed. 

## References
Asamoah Gyan

**Asamoah Gyan** ( ; born 22 November 1985) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a striker. A striker who mainly plays the role of first striker, Asamoah is a quick and agile player who proves to be particularly dangerous on the counterattack and in the open field. He has a good feeling with goals thanks to his ability to choose the right timing of insertion and his skill precision. He is widely considered to be one of the best Ghanaian and African strikers of all time.  On May 11, 2024, Gyan participated in the All Regional Game Torch Relay in Tamale , Ghana. In a message shared on his social media, Gyan expressed his support  for the initiative, encouraging the youth to engage in sports. 

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
**Rennes**
* Coupe de France runner-up: 2008–09

**Al Ain**
* UAE Pro League: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15
* UAE President's Cup: 2013–14
* UAE Super Cup: 2012

**Shabab Al Ahli**
* UAE League Cup: 2016–17
* UAE Super Cup: 2016

**Ghana**
* Africa Cup of Nations runner-up: 2010, 2015; third place: 2008

**Individual**
* BBC African Footballer of the Year: 2010
* African Footballer of the Year runner-up: 2010
* CAF Team of the Year: 2010, 2013, 2014
* UAE Pro League top scorer: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14
* AFC Champions League top scorer: 2014
* AFC Champions League Dream Team: 2014
* AFC Foreign Player of the Year: 2014
* GCC Golden Boot: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14
* UAE President's Cup top scorer: 2013–14, 2014–15
* Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: 2010, 2013
* Ghana Men's Player of the Year Award: 2012
* Ghana Football Awards Player of the Decade: 2011–2020
* Ghana Player of the Year: 2010, 2014
* Calcio Trade Ball Order of the Star Award: 2017

**Records**
* Al Ain second all-time top scorer: 128 goals
* Al Ain second all-time Pro League top scorer: 95 goals
* Al Ain most league goals in a season: 31 goals (2012–13 season)
* Al Ain second-most AFC Champions League goals: 18 goals
* Most UAE Pro League top scorer awards: 3 (shared with Fahad Khamees, Kodjo Laba)
* Most GCC Golden Boot (Arabian Golden Boot) awards: 3 
* Ghana national team all-time top goalscorer: 51 goals
* Ghana national team second all-time appearance holder: 109 appearances
* Most FIFA World Cup goals for Ghana: 6 goals
* Youngest goalscorer for Ghana national team: 17 years, 362 days (for Ghana vs Somalia, 2003)
* Most tournaments representing Ghana at Africa Cup of Nations: 7 tournaments (shared with André Ayew)
* Most Africa Cup of Nations tournaments with a goal: 6 tournaments (shared with Samuel Eto'o, Kalusha Bwalya, André Ayew)
* Most FIFA World Cup goals scored by an African player: 6 goals

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Toshimitsu Asai

is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

## Club career statistics
## References
## Other websites
* Toshimitsu Asai at Guardian.co.uk
Sediment

**Sediment** is made of small particles deposited in water or on land. After deposition, sediments may stay in their new place a long time and be covered by newer sediments. Pressure may slowly transform sediment into sedimentary rocks. 

The word sediment is also used for material transported by wind or water, and deposited on the surface. Sediments are often eroded again and deposited in a new place. The study of how sedimentary rocks are formed is called sedimentology.

In more general use, sediment is any matter which falls to the bottom of a liquid, such as beer.

## References
Barcelona Metro line 6

**Line 6**, coloured navy blue, (currently known as **Plaça Catalunya - Sarrià** (?)) is the name of a metro-like commuter train service in Barcelona operated by FGC, and part of the ATM fare-integrated transport system. It links Plaça Catalunya, the city centre, with Sarrià-Sant Gervasi. This Barcelona Metro and Metro del Vallès line shares three stations with FGC L7.

## Overview 
Prior to the *integration* with the TMB network, L6 covered as an underground commuter train line the distance from downtown Barcelona to Sarrià, pretty much the same as nowadays. It has its origins in 1876, with the Barcelona-Sarrià train. It's going to be extended towards Sant Boi, through Hospital Sant Joan de Déu.

## Technical details 
* Colour on map:
* Number of stations: 9
* Type: Conventional metro (mixed traffic with suburban commuter train lines)
* Length: 
* Rolling stock: 111 and 112 series
* Journey time: 30 minutes
* Track gauge: 
* Traction: Electricity
* Power supply: Standard overhead wire
* Open-air sections: No
* Mobile phone coverage: All lines
* Depots: Rubí
* Operator: FGC

## Current stations 
* Plaça Catalunya (L1, L3, L7, RENFE)
* Provença (L7; Diagonal: L3, L5)
* Gràcia (L7)
* Sant Gervasi
* Muntaner
* La Bonanova
* Les Tres Torres
* Sarrià (*L9, L10*)
* Reina Elisenda

## Other websites 
* Line 6 at Trenscat.com
Albert Szent-Györgyi

**Albert Szent-Györgyi** (Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt, 16 September 1893  22 October 1986) was an Hungarian scientist. He won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discoveries about Vitamin C.

He was commonly known for discovering a vitamin that our bodies cannot make, vitamin C

## References
Haptophyte

**Haptophytes** are a phylum of algae, sometimes called the **Prymnesiophyta**. All or most of them are single-celled photosynthetic phytoplankton.

The cells typically have two slightly unequal flagella and a unique organelle called a **haptonema**. This is superficially similar to a flagellum, but differs in its arrangement of microtubules, and in its use. The name comes from the Greek *hapsis* = touch, and *nema* = thread. 

## Classification 
Molecular and morphological evidence places them in five orders; coccolithophores make up the *Isochrysidales* and *Coccolithales*. Other groups include phytoplankton which produce the toxic algal blooms.

## References
Crush 40

**Crush 40**, formerly known as **Sons of Angels**, is a Japanese-American hard rock band formed in 1997.  The primary lineup from 1998 to 2009 consisted of guitarist Jun Senoue and vocalist Johnny Gioeli. They became known for game soundtracks for Wave Master Entertainment, including the Sonic the Hedgehog series.
Macedonia (Greece)

**Macedonia** is a historical and geographical region in northern Greece. It is the second most populous region of Greece and usually it is referred as *Northern Greece* along with Thrace. It is situated between the Pindus Mountains and river Nestos and it borders west with Epirus and Thessaly, northwestern with Albania, north with North Macedonia, northeastern with Bulgaria and east with Thrace. Its south coasts are washed by the Aegean Sea. Macedonia is separated in three smaller peripheries: West Macedonia, Central Macedonia and East Macedonia and Thrace. It has a total population of 2,424,765 inhabitants according to the 2001 census and its total area is 34,177&nbsp;km². The capital of Macedonia is Thessaloniki and has a population of about 1,000,000 inhabitants. Macedonia's national anthem is *Μακεδονία Ξακουστή* which means *Famous Macedonia*.

## Geography
Macedonia has many mountains and the tallest is Mount Olympus which has a high of 2,917 meters. There are also many valleys that are some of the biggest in the whole Greece. Rivers such as Aliakmon, Axios, Nestos, and Strymonas cross these valleys and drain into the Aegean Sea.

## Prefectures and population
Macedonia consists 13 prefectures and sometimes it is said to be 14 because there is also a monastery region, Mount Athos, which is autonomous.

And the population of the largest towns:
.]]
 with its lake.]]

## Related pages
* Macedonia
* Republic of Macedonia

## References 
## Other websites
*Macedonia, The Historical Profile of Northern Greece 
*Macedonia and Thrace region site  
* Region of Central Macedonia 
* Region of Western Macedonia 
* Region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
Benthos

**Benthos**: the flora and fauna found at the bottom of the sea or lake. Covers quite a wide range of uses, for instance, animals in rock pools are benthic, though only a few inches below the surface. In the ocean, used to contrast organisms in the sea depths (though not actually on the bottom), with plankton, living in the upper pelagic zone. The problem is addressed by extending the pelagic zone down below the light to the *bathypelagic* and *abyssopelagic* zones. These terms, however, are mostly not used.
Barcelona Metro line 5

**Line 5** (L5), currently known as **Cornellà Centre** - '''Vall d'Hebron''', its termini, and often simply called "Línia Blava" (Blue line) is a line belonging to the Barcelona Metro network operated by TMB, and part of the ATM fare-integrated transport network.

## Overview 
It first opened in 1959. Line 5 is currently 16.6 km. long and has 27 stations, from Cornellà to Vall d'Hebron, meeting L3.

### Chronology 
*1959 - Sagrera-Meridiana-Vilapicina section opened (as the former L2)
*1967 - Vilapicina-Horta section opened (as the former L2)
*1969 - Collblanc-Diagonal/Provença section opened.
*1970 - Diagonal/Provença-Sagrera-Meridiana section opened. The line then known as L2 integrated into L5.
*1973 - Collblanc-Pubilla Cases section opened.
*1976 - Pubilla Cases-Sant Ildefons section opened.
*1983 - Sant Ildefons-Cornellà section opened.
*2010 - Horta-Vall d'Hebron section opened.
*2021 - Ernest Lluch station opened.

## Technical details 
* Colour on map: Blue
* Number of stations: 27
* Type: Conventional metro
* Length: 
* Rolling stock: Unitats 1100
* Journey time: 30 minutes
* Track gauge: 
* Traction: Electricity
* Power supply: Rigid overhead wire
* Open-air sections: Yes (Can Boixeras)
* Mobile phone coverage: Partial
* Depots: Can Boixeres, Vilapicina
* Operator: TMB

## Current stations 
Station and line names in italics are under construction.
* Cornellà Centre (T1, T2, RENFE)
* Gavarra
* Sant Ildefons
* Can Boixeres
* Can Vidalet
* Pubilla Cases
* Ernest Lluch
* Collblanc (L9, L10)
* Badal
* Plaça de Sants (L2)
* Sants Estació (L3, RENFE)
* Entença
* Hospital Clínic
* Diagonal (L3; Provença: L6, L7)
* Verdaguer (L4)
* Sagrada Família (L2)
* Sant Pau-Dos de Maig
* Camp de l'Arpa
* La Sagrera (L1, *L4*, L9, L10)
* Congrés
* Maragall (L4)
* Virrei Amat
* Vilapicina
* Horta
* El Carmel
* El Coll  La Teixonera
* Vall d'Hebron (L3)

## Other websites
* Official site for Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona