open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jim Sturgess

**James Sturgess** (born 1978) is a British actor. He has acted in both television and movies as well as radio. He is perhaps most famous for playing Jude in *Across the Universe* and the younger Charlie in *The Quest* series of television movies.

Sturgess was born in London. He is a former member of the National Youth Music Theatre (1993-95) and studied at the University of Salford's School of Media, Music and Performance. 

Sturgess recently worked on the movie *Fifty Dead Men Walking*. In the movie, he plays Martin McGartland, the writer of the book on which the movie is based. 

## Performances 
* *The Browning Version* (1994) as Bryant
* *The Scarlet Pimpernel* (1999, TV series) as Erik (2 episodes)
* *Thursday the 12th* (2000, TV movie) as Martin
* *A Touch of Frost* (2003, TV series) as Laurence (1 episode)
* *Turning the Hut* (2003, radio play) as Jimmy
* *Hawk* (2004, short movie)
* *Heading It Like Mooney* (2004, radio play)
* *Measure for Measure* (2004, radio play) as the Duke
* *Mouth to Mouth* (2005) as Red
* *Little Pictures* (2005, radio play) as Gal
* *Caesar!* (2005, radio series) guest starring
* *Troilus and Cressida* (2005, radio play) as Patroclus
* *Across the Universe* (2007) as Jude
* *The Other Boleyn Girl* (2008) as George Boleyn
* *21* (2008) as Ben Campbell
* *Fifty Dead Men Walking* (2008) as Martin McGartland
* *Crossing Over (2009) as Gavin Kossef
* *Heartless* (2009) as Jamie Morgan
* *The Way Back* (2010) as Janusz
* *Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole* (2010) as Soren
* *Upside Down* (2011) as Adam
* *The Promised Land* (2011) as Thomas Wilkin
* *One Day'' (2011) as Dexter Meyhew

## Other websites 
* 
* Official Demo Reel by Lamedia Works
* Jim Sturgess talks about his music tastes
* Jim Sturgess interview at Reviewgraveyard.com
Martin Luther McCoy

**Martin Luther McCoy** is an American musician and actor.  He worked with The Roots a lot and appears as one of the six lead characters in the 2007 Beatles musical *Across the Universe* in the role of "JoJo". 

McCoy goes by the stage name of "Martin Luther" in his music career. For his acting work, he is known under his full name. 

Martin Luther released his first solo album *The Calling* in 1999 and followed it with an independent release of his second album *Rebel Soul Music* in 2004, on his own label Rebel Soul Records. His third album *Love is the Hero* was supposed to be released in 2011
Corte

**Corte** () in is a city (a "commune" in French) in the Haute-Corse *département* in central area of  Corsica, in France. It is the fourth-largest city in Corsica (after Ajaccio, Bastia, and Porto-Vecchio), with a population of  6,329 inhabitants in 1999. Corte was the capital of the Corsican independent state during the period of Pasquale Paoli.

## Geography
* Area: 149.27&nbsp;km²
* Average altitude: 486 m

## Important places in Corte
* The Fortress (*A citadella*)
* The Museum of Corsica (*Museu di a Corsica*),

## Roads
Corte is connected to Ajaccio, Bastia and Calvi by the Corsican railway.

## University
Corte has become a major University town in Corsica since the Pasquale Paoli University opened  1980.

## Famous people born in Corte
* Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844), the eldest brother of the French Emperor Napoleon I.

## Other websites
* Official website 
* Tourist office website 
* University of Corsica
Sartène

**Sartène** (), is a town (a "commune" in French) of Southern Corsica, in the Corse-du-Sud *département*, in France. The city is famous since medieval times for granite buildings in 16th century. One of the main incidents in the town's history was an attack by pirates from Algiers in 1583, after which 400 people were taken away. These attacks continued into the 18th century. 

The town is centered around the Place de la Libération (previously the Place Porta), at the edge of which is the church of Sainte Marie. The town allows good views across the valley. Sartene wine is well known amongst wine buffs as being a good drop.

Sartene has given its name to one of the southern-Corsican dialects that are most like the Sardinian language.

## Climate 
The highest temperature ever recorded in Sartène was  on 23 July 2009.

## Important places 
* Church of Sainte Marie

## Other websites 
A page on the history of the town
T. V. Carpio

**Teresa Victoria Carpio**, more commonly known as **T. V. Carpio**, is an American singer and actress.  She is the daughter of Asian singing star Teresa Carpio, with whom she has performed on stage as a backup singer. She was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Carpio played Prudence in the 2007 musical movie *Across the Universe*.  She has also appeared on television, including a TV movie and episodes of *The Jury* and *Law & Order*.  She made her Broadway debut in *Rent* as Alexi Darling and others, appearing from December 2006 until April 2007.

## Filmography
**Limitless* (2011) .... Valerie
**Across the Universe* (2007) .... Prudence
**Sucker Free City* (2004) (TV) .... Angela Tsing
**She Hate Me* (2004) .... Gail
**The Jury* .... Esme Kingman (1 episode, "Mail Order Mystery," 2004)
**Law & Order* .... Laundry Lady (1 episode, "Patriot," 2002)
**Popstars* .... Top 26 Finalist (TV) (2001)

## Other websites
*
Julie Taymor

**Julie Taymor** (born December 15, 1952) is an American director of Broadway theatre and movies. Taymor's work has received lots of praise from critics. She has won two Tony Awards out of four nominations, an Emmy Award, and an Academy Award nomination for her work, known for its visual flair and colorful costuming choices. She lives in New York City with her partner Elliot Goldenthal, who she has been with for over 20 years.

## Filmography
**The Tempest* (1986)
*''Fool's Fire* (1992) (TV)
**Oedipus Rex* (1993) (TV) 
**Titus* (1999)  
**Frida* (2002)
**Across the Universe'' (2007)
Calvi, Haute-Corse

**Calvi** is a small town and commune of the Haute-Corse, in France. It is on the northwest coast of the island of Corsica, 95&nbsp;km from Bastia and 24&nbsp;km from L'Île-Rousse. The town has 5,177 people (1999), and is the fifth-largest commune in Corsica. There is a legend that Christopher Columbus was from Calvi, which at the time was part of the Genoese empire. The 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment of the French Foreign Legion is based in Calvi.

The economy of Calvi is mainly based on tourism, which started in 1950.

## Airports
* The Ste-Catherine International Airport of Calvi.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website  
* Calvi travel information at Wikivoyage

## Gallery
]]
L'Île-Rousse

'''L'Île-Rousse''' () is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of Corsica, France. It has a permanent population of around 2,500. It was founded in 1758 by Pasquale Paoli to create a port that would not be in the hands of the Genoese like Calvi.

## Famous people born in the city 
* Pascal Paoli

## Other websites 
* Map of L'Île-Rousse on Mapquest

In French:
* L'Île-Rousse on the site of the Institut Géographique National 
* L'Île-Rousse on the site of INSEE
Carbon footprint

The term **carbon footprint** is how much carbon goes into the air because of something done by people or that is not done by nature. Doing something that burns fuel will make carbon dioxide gas (CO2). It is the total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide. Just as walking on the sand leaves a footprint, burning fuel leaves carbon dioxide in the air, which is called a carbon footprint. Total carbon footprint/emission would include energy emissions from human activities - that is, from heat, light, power, and refrigeration and all transport related emissions from cars, freight, and distribution.  

The words "carbon footprint" are often seen in the news. They are used with the word sustainability, which means that we can keep doing something without making something bad happen. That is, if there is too much of a carbon footprint, then there is no sustainability. People and businesses are frequently asked to think about how much carbon they are putting into the air, and how this changes the environment and maybe causes global warming. This is typically said about travelling by aeroplane or by car, because burning fuel makes carbon dioxide gas.

## Where it comes from 
Oil, gas, and coal are called "fossil fuels" because they come from fossils of ancient plants and animals.  Those plants and animals had carbon in them.  When we burn oil, gas, and coal, the carbon becomes carbon dioxide and goes into the air.  This makes the greenhouse effect, which means that the carbon dioxide makes the earth warmer, like a greenhouse. A carbon footprint is the carbon dioxide that is put into the air because of a person, a group of people, an event, or a product.

## Remedies 
The most common way to reduce the carbon footprint of humans is to Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Refuse. Another easy option is to drive less. By walking or biking to the destination rather than driving, not only is a person going to save money on gas, but they will be burning less fuel and releasing fewer emissions into the atmosphere. However, if walking is not an option, one can look into carpooling to use public transportation options in their area.
Yet another option for reducing the carbon footprint of humans is to use less air conditioning and heating in the home. By adding insulation to the walls and attic of one's home, and installing weather stripping or caulking around doors and windows, one can lower their heating costs more than 25 percent. 
Choice of diet is a major influence on a person's carbon footprint. Animal sources of protein (especially red meat), rice (typically produced in high methane-emitting paddies), foods transported long distance and/or via fuel-inefficient transport (e.g., highly perishable produce flown long distance). Heavily processed and packaged foods are among the major contributors to a high carbon diet.
Mattimeo

***Mattimeo*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1989. It is the third book in the Redwall series.  It was also translated into six different languages.
Mariel of Redwall

***Mariel of Redwall*** is a fantasy book, written by Brian Jacques in 1991.  It is the fourth book in the Redwall series. *Mariel of Redwall* has also been translated to seven different languages.
Salamandastron

***Salamandastron*** is a fantasy book, written by Brian Jacques in 1992.  It is the fifth book in the Redwall series, and has been translated into four different languages.
 
## Plot introduction
Salamandastron, the mountain ruled by Badger Lord Urthstripe the Strong, and guarded by forty hares of the Long Patrol, is under siege by the weasel Ferahgo the Assassin, his son Klitch, and his vermin army of "Corpsemakers". Meanwhile, two stoats at Redwall Abbey accidentally kill a Brother of Redwall and then run away with the sword of Martin the Warrior. Mara (Urthstripe's adopted daughter) and Pikkle Ffolger, her trusted hare friend, are fooled by Klitch and his lackey, and Mara and Pikkle leave Salamandastron. Meanwhile, the deadly Dryditch Fever breaks out in Redwall...
Joe Cocker

**Joe Cocker**, OBE (20 May 1944 &ndash; 21 December 2014) was an English rock/blues singer who came to popularity in the 1960s, and was most known for his gritty voice and his cover versions of popular songs, particularly those of The Beatles. The cover of their song *With A Little Help From My Friends*, sung by Cocker at the Woodstock Festival, initially made him famous. 

## Death
On 22 December 2014, Cocker died of lung cancer at his home in Crawford, Colorado at the age of 70.

## Discography
### Albums
* *With a Little Help from My Friends* (1969)
* *Joe Cocker!* (1969)
* *Mad Dogs & Englishmen* (1970)
* *Cocker Happy* (1971) (Australian compilation release, 1971)
* *Double Cocker Power* (Australian release, 1972)
* *Joe Cocker: Something to Say* (also known as just *Joe Cocker*) (1972)
* *I Can Stand a Little Rain* (1974)
* *Jamaica Say You Will* (1975)
* *Stingray* (1976)
* *Greatest Hits* (1977)
* *Luxury You Can Afford* (1979)
* *Sheffield Steel* (1982)
* *The Best of Joe Cocker* (1983 - Australia / NZ only)
* *Civilized Man* (1984)
* *Cocker* (1986)
* *Unchain My Heart* (1987)
* *One Night of Sin* (1989)
* *Joe Cocker Live* (1990)
* *Night Calls* (1991)
* *The Best of Joe Cocker* (1992)
* *Have a Little Faith* (1994)
* *The Long Voyage Home* (1995)
* *Organic* (1996)
* *Across from Midnight* (1997)
* *Greatest Hits* (1998)
* *The Anthology* (1999)
* *No Ordinary World* (1999)
* *Respect Yourself* (2002)
* *Ultimate Collection* (2004)
* *Heart & Soul* (2004)
* *Hymn for My Soul* (2007)
* *Come Together* (album) Across the Universe Motion Picture Soundtrack (2007)

### Singles
## References
## Other websites
*The Official Website of Joe Cocker
Louisiana Purchase

The **Louisiana Purchase** was a land purchase made by President Thomas Jefferson, (signed on April 30th, 1803).  He bought the Louisiana territory from France, which was being led by Napoleon Bonaparte at the time, for 15,000,000 USD (about $340,000,000 in 2024 dollars).  First, the men sent to France were allowed to spend up to 10 million USD in order to buy New Orleans and, if possible, the west bank of the Mississippi River.  But then the French government said that for 5 million more dollars they would sell all of the Louisiana territory.  Thomas Jefferson approved the deal and used his constitutional power to sign treaties to buy the land. The constitution does not say the president has the power to buy land from other countries, but he had the power to make treaties, so that is what he used.  

Napoleon Bonaparte sold the land because he needed money for the Great French War. The British had re-entered the war and France was losing the Haitian Revolution and could not defend Louisiana.  Thomas Jefferson took the French offer as an opportunity to make America larger, even if it meant going against his Republican principles of small government (some would say he exceeded his constitutional power by accepting the deal on his own).

 
The purchase added 828,394 square miles and doubled the size of the U.S.. This included all of the modern states of Oklahoma, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, and part of the states of Louisiana, Texas, Minnesota, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. It also included a small piece of land that is now part of Canada.

The Louisiana Purchase gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans, both of which were used by farmers to ship their crops and get paid. It also ensured that France and other European countries would not try to take the land. France only controlled small bits of the territory.  Because of that, the United States had to make other agreements with and payments to other governments and groups.  The total amount paid for the Louisiana Purchase and all of these other agreements was about **2.6 billion** USD.

The Lewis and Clark expedition explored the Louisiana Purchase and the Oregon Territory. They started from St. Louis. Their route traced the Missouri River.

## References
## Other websites
* Lewis and Clark website
* Article on the Louisiana Purchase
* Article about the history and the purchase of the Louisiana territory 
* Louisiana Purchase -Citizendium
Joe Anderson

**Joe Anderson** (born 1982) is an English actor.

He attended Richmond upon Thames College and later the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Both his parents work in the movie industry.  Anderson  has acted professionally since childhood. His skills include photography, guitar and gymnastics.

Anderson has worked in movie, television and on the stage at the Chichester Festival Theatre. He appeared in *Copying Beethoven*, playing Ludwig van Beethoven's nephew. He also appeared  in *Across the Universe* as Max, an American teenager drafted into the Vietnam War. Anderson is also starring as Joy Division bass player Peter Hook in Anton Corbijn's 2007 movie *Control*.

## Filmography 
* *The Crazies* (2010)
* *Rogues Gallery* (2009)
* *Amelia* (2009)
* *Brand New Day* (2009)
* *High Life* (2009)
* *The 27 Club* (2008)
* *The Ruins* (2008)
* *Across the Universe* (2007)
* *Control* (2007)
* *Becoming Jane* (2007)
* *Little Box Of Sweets* (2006)
* *Copying Beethoven* (2006)
* *Silence Becomes You* (2005)
* *Afterlife* (2005), 1 episode
* *Midsomer Murders* (2005), 1 episode
* *Creep* (2004)

## Other websites 
*
*Agency CV 
*Joe Anderson Online
The Pearls of Lutra

***The Pearls of Lutra*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1996. It is the ninth book in the *Redwall* series.  The American edition of the novel was titled  ***Pearls of Lutra***.  *The Pearls of Lutra* has been translated into six different languages, including Finnish, French, German, Italian, Swedish, and Russian.
Martin the Warrior

***Martin the Warrior*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1993.  It is the sixth book in the Redwall series, and has been translated into nine different languages.
Elliot Goldenthal

**Elliot Goldenthal** (born May 2, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American composer of modern classical music. He was a student of Aaron Copland and John Corigliano. Goldenthal is best known for his ability to blend different musical styles and techniques in original and inventive ways.

## Movie works
* 1979 - *Cocaine Cowboys*
* 1980 - *Blank Generation*
* 1989 - *Drugstore Cowboy score*
* 1989 - *Pet Sematary score*
* 1991 - *Grand Isle*
* 1992 - *Fools Fire* *(TV)* - *directed by Julie Taymor*
* 1992 - *Alien³ score*
* 1993 - *Demolition Man score*
* 1993 - *Golden Gate score*
* 1994 - *Interview with the Vampire score*
* 1994 - *Roswell* *(TV)*
* 1994 - *Cobb score*
* 1995 - *Batman Forever score*
* 1995 - *Heat score*
* 1996 - *Michael Collins score*
* 1996 - *A Time to Kill score*
* 1997 - *The Butcher Boy score*
* 1997 - *Batman & Robin* *(score not commercially released)*
* 1998 - *In Dreams score*
* 1998 - *Sphere score*
* 1999 - *Titus score* - *movie directed by Julie Taymor*
* 2001 - *Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within score*
* 2002 - *Frida score* - *movie directed by Julie Taymor*
* 2002 - *The Good Thief score*
* 2003 - *S.W.A.T. score*
* 2007 - *Across the Universe soundtracks* - *movie directed by Julie Taymor*

## Concert Music Works
* 1980 - Brass Quintet No. 1, Brass Quintet No. 2 (No. 2 has been recorded recently by Extension Ensemble, New York)
* 1988 - Pastime Variations
* 1990 - Shadow Play Scherzo
* 1996 - Fire Water Paper: A Vietnam Oratorio (recorded in 1995, featuring Yo Yo Ma)

## Theatre Works
* Play *"The King Stag"* (1984 production of Carlo Gozzi's play by Andrei Serban)
* Musical ''"Liberty's Taken"* (an original 1985 musical co-created with David Suehsdorf and Julie Taymor)
* Musical *"The Transposed Heads"* (adapted in 1986 by Sidney Goldfarb and Julie Taymor from the novel by Thomas Mann)
* Play (Commedia) *"The Serpent Woman"'' (1988 production of Carlo Gozzi's Commedia)
* Musical *"Juan Darien: A Carnival Mass"* (1988 off-Broadway, reworked and recorded for Broadway in 1996)Co-Bookwriter, lyricist, arranger of the Latin text.
* Ballet *"Othello"* (a 1998 ballet with choreography by Lar Lubovitch)
* Musical *"The Green Bird"* (1999 on Broadway production of production of Carlo Gozzi's work)Stage director: Julie Taymor
* Opera *"Grendel"* (opened 2006 June at Los Angeles Opera; not released on CD yet as of August 2007)Libretto: Julie Taymor and J D. McClatchy, after the novel *Grendel* by John Gardner, and the poem *Beowulf*Stage director: Julie Taymor

## Awards and nominations
## Other websites
* Elliot Goldenthal at Variety.com
* 
* Elliot Goldenthal at the Internet Broadway Dabatase
* "A Website for the Composer" 
* Elliot Goldenthal at SoundtrackNet 
* Elliot Goldenthal at Moviemusicuk.us 
* Elliot Goldenthal at Theoscarsite.com 
* Elliot Goldenthal at the All Music Guide
* An Interview with both Taymor and Goldenthal at their apartment in New York with the New York Times
* An interview with Goldenthal about his 'Titus' and 'Heat' scores et al.
* An interview with him on his score for Frida and other scores.
Saint-Florent, Haute-Corse

**Saint-Florent** () is a commune in Haute-Corse, Corsica, France. It is a fishing port located near the gulf of the same name (Saint-Florent Gulf).

Today, it is a popular summer vacation spot for many tourists for one of the most beautiful beaches on the Mediterranean coast, Saleccia.

## Climate
Saint-Florent has a typically Mediterranean climate - mild winters with temperatures rarely under zero, warm, dry summers with temperatures at around 35°C in July and August.

## History
Saint-Florent was created by the Genoese in the 16th century as a base for to fight the Corsican patriots in their villages. The colonial state and imperialist France later used it for getting troops of mercenaries and colonists during August 1764. After the defeat at Ponte Novu Bridge, the army of Pasquale Paoli, helped by Horatio Nelson, reconquered Saint-Florent in 1793 during the brief Anglo-Corsican rule.

## Important places
The Genoise citadel constructed in 1440.

## Gallery
View of Saint-Florent

## Other websites
* Picture of Saint-Florent Cathedral
Come On Over

***Come On Over*** is the first album released by Plain White T's.

## Track listing
# "Skinny Dipping"
# "Behind"
# "Kitty Kat Shirt"
# "All Dressed Up"
# "Maybe Another Day"
# "Cinderella Story"
# "I-88"
# "Come On Over"
# "Aud."
# "Round"
# "Show Your Face"
# "Rave"
# "Comin' with the Quickness"
# "Go Back"

## Other websites
* Official Website
Stop (Plain White T's album)

***Stop*** is the second album released by the band Plain White T's. It was the first plain White T's album to be released on Fearless Records. The album was released August 20, 2002.

## Track listing
# "Stop"
# "Please Don't Do This"
# "What If?"
# "Fireworks"
# "Leavin'"
# "Shine"
# "Your Fault"
# "Happy Someday"
# "A Lonely September"
# "Can't Turn Away"
# "Penny (Perfect For You)"
# "Radios In Heaven"
Angus cattle

The **Angus cattle**, also known as **Black Angus** or **Aberdeen Angus**, is a Scottish breed of black hornless cattle.  They come from the counties of Aberdeen and Angus. 

The Angus cattle is a medium-sized to large breed, with the cow's weight averaging around 1000&nbsp;lbs and bull's weight averaging from 1800 to 2000&nbsp;lbs.  

Cattle are mostly black and naturally polled or hornless. They are commonly raised in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, South America and the British Isles.  

Angus is one of the most popular beef breeds in the United States as it is thought to be better quality beef. The American Angus Association made the "Certified Angus Beef" (CAB) standard in 1978 to push this thought.

## References
Aberfan

**Aberfan** is a village in Mid Glamorgan, South Wales. On 21 October 1966, a colliery spoil tip fell onto the village, killing a total of 144 people. See *Aberfan disaster*.
Porto-Vecchio

**Porto-Vecchio** () is a town and commune of the Corse-du-Sud department, on the island of Corsica, in France.Porto-Vecchio is the third largest town in Corsica after Bastia and Ajaccio.Porto-Vecchio is also a tourism city, tourists come from many countries around the world, in particular from Italy, Germany or the Netherlands. Porto-Vecchio has 10,000 inhabitants, 40,000 in the summer.

## History and Politics 
The town of Porto-Vecchio is also called the *city of salt*, because this one was built on salt-water marshes which were drained in order to develop itself.

## Food 
Corsican gastronomy is rich and varied. Many of food are seasonal like clementines or citrus. Corsica is the only region of France producing this variety of oranges, around 25,000 tonnes per year and 40% of this production comes from Porto-Vecchio or its area. This fruit is very famous for its freshness and the vitamins which it brings. Another fruit very significant in Corsica and in particular in Porto-Vecchio is the chestnut because they are used in many Corsican dishes, for example, it is used to make bread or crepe. A typically Corsican dish is the pig that is cooked in a lot of version, and that has famous part really good, like: *coppa*, *lonzu* or *prizuttu*, which one is similar to a parma ham but the most famous is *figatelli*, which is smoked. The most typical cheese is called *brocciu*.

## Other websites 
* Porto-Vecchio , pictures of Porto-Vecchio
Bonifacio

**Bonifacio** () is a town and commune near the southern tip of the island of Corsica, in the *département* of Corse-du-Sud, France. Its inhabitants are called *Bonifaciens* and the city was founded as a fortress and named after Boniface II of Tuscany in 828. Bonifacio is split into two sections. The *vieille ville* (old town), or *la Haute Ville* (the Upper city).

## Geography
Bonifacio is located directly on the Mediterranean Sea, separated from Sardinia by the Strait of Bonifacio. The commune includes the Lavezzi Islands.

## Famous people born in Bonifacio
* Tommaso Maria Zigliara (1833-1893), Roman Catholic cardinal, theologian, and philosopher.

## Other websites
*Official website (in French, translatable to English and other languages)

## Gallery
View of Bonifacio
Aleria

**Aléria** (Greek and Roman **Alalia**) is a commune in the Haute-Corse *département* of France, on the island of Corsica. It includes the easternmost point in Metropolitan France.

 

## Archaeology
Since 1950 the necropolis of Casabianda's is excavated and have revealed grave goods, from the Late Archaic period forwards, that include the finest works of art, in jewels, weapons, metalwares, bronze and ceramic plates and dishes in particular, Attic cups, and rhytons.

## Medieval and modern history
As Latin **Alalia**, it was the capital of the Roman province of Corsica.

## Related pages
* Battle of Alalia, fought between 540 BC and 535 BC

## References
Treptower Tollensewinkel

**Treptower Tollensewinkel** was an *Amt* in the former district of Demmin. Since 4 September 2011, it is an Amt in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte Rural District. Both districts were/are in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

The seat (capital city) of the *Amt* is in Altentreptow. 

The *Amt* Treptower Tollensewinkel consists of the following municipalities:
All That We Needed

***All That We Needed*** is the third album released by the band Plain White T's. The album was released January 25, 2005.

## Track listing
# "All That We Needed" - 3:41
# "Revenge" - 3:26
# "Take Me Away" - 2:42
# "My Only One" - 3:49
# "Sad Story" - 2:57
# "Breakdown" - 3:34
# "What More Do You Want?" - 2:24
# "Lazy Day Afternoon" - 2:15
# "Anything" - 2:59
# "Sing My Best" - 2:51
# "Faster" - 2:51
# "Last Call" - 2:53
# "Hey There Delilah" - 3:52

## References
Tollense

The **Tollense** () is a river in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in northeastern Germany, right tributary of the Peene. The river starts as the outflow of the lake Tollensesee in Neubrandenburg. The Tollense is  long and empties into the river Peene in Demmin.

## History
According to several reports in the German media, several human remains of the bronze period have been found in the region named Tollense valley () since 1997.

Many showed signs of injury and violent death. In 2008 research was concentrated on an area of . Hundreds of bone fragments, as well as wooden weaponry and flintstone arrowheads have been discovered. The finds were possible due to the preservation of the former swamp ground and the fact that the Tollense has never really changed its flow.

It is now estimated that about 200 people died in a battle-like scenario in that valley about 1250 BC. Since the population then was about 5 people per square kilometre, about 13 people per square mile, this would've been the most important battle in Bronze Age Germany yet to be discovered. More investigation of the grounds is planned for the years 2010 to 2015.

## References
Marlfox

***Marlfox*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1998. It is the eleventh book in the Redwall series. *Marlfox* has been translated into two different languages other than English, including French and Italian.
The Legend of Luke

***The Legend of Luke*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1999.  It is the twelfth book in the Redwall series, and has been translated into two languages including French and Italian.  It was also a *New York Times* Bestseller.
The Long Patrol

***The Long Patrol*** is a children's fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1997. It is the tenth book in the Redwall series.  *The Long Patrol* has been translated into four different languages including Finnish, French, Italian, and Swedish.

## Plot summary
A young hare named Tammo wants to join the Long Patrol, the army of fighting hares that serves the Ruler of the mountain Salamandastron. But meanwhile Damug Warfang the rat and his evil army of cruel Rapscallions are coming.
The Taggerung

***The Taggerung*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2001. It is the fourteenth book in the *Redwall* series.  The title of the American book was ***Taggerung***.  It was also translated into French.
Lord Brocktree

***Lord Brocktree*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2000.  It is the thirteenth book in the *Redwall* series.  Lord Brocktree was also translated into French.

## Plot
A badger Lord named Brocktree is a strong badger with a mighty sword. With the help of friends Lord Brocktree takes back the mountain fortress of Salamandastron from Ungatt Trunn the Wildcat Warlord and his vermin horde.
Triss

***Triss*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2002.  It is the fifteenth book in the *Redwall* series.  It was also translated into French.

## Plot
A young female squirrel named Trisscar (mostly called Triss) is a slave to a royal family of white ferrets who live in a castle on an island. Along with two other slaves, Shogg (a male otter) and Welfo (a female hedgehog), Triss escapes from the island. The evil ferrets chase Triss and her friends. Triss and Shogg join forces with warriors from Redwall Abbey and the mountain Salamandastron, and together, the woodland creatures fight rats, ferrets, snakes, and more in their fight for freedom.
Loamhedge

***Loamhedge*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2003. It is the sixteenth book in the *Redwall* series. It was translated into French and Russian, and was a *New York Times* bestseller.

## Plot
*Loamhedge* is about a young hare named Martha who cannot move her legs, and must use a wheelchair. It is also about the travels of her brother Horty, along with friends Bragoon, Saro, Fenna, and Springald, who are trying to find a cure for Martha.
Rakkety Tam

***Rakkety Tam*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2004.  It is the seventeenth book in the Redwall series, and it was also translated into French.

## Plot
When the wolverine Gulo the Savage and his army of vermin sweep across the land, it's up to the squirrel Rakkety Tam MacBurl and his friend Wild Doogy Plumm with one hundred hares from Salamandastron to stop the  wicked wolverine and protect Redwall Abbey and the land of Mossflower.
High Rhulain

***High Rhulain*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2005.  It is the eighteenth book in the *Redwall* series, and was also translated into French and Russian.

## Plot
A young female otter named Tiria Wildlough is living at Redwall Abbey. When she gets a vision and riddle from the long-dead hero Martin the Warrior, she sets out with a hare named Cuthbert Blanedale Frunk in search of an island called Green Isle to fight an evil wildcat and lead a bunch of otters to freedom.
## References
Eulalia!

***Eulalia!*** is a children's fantasy book. It's the nineteenth book in the *Redwall* novel series, and was written by Brian Jacques in 2007.

## Plot
Vizka Longtooth, a wicked fox pirate, captures a young badger named Gorath. At the same time, the old badger king of the mountain Salamandastron tells a young female hare named Maudie to go and find a new badger to be king after he dies. At Redwall Abbey, a young hedgehog named Orkwil Prink gets kicked out of the abbey because he keeps stealing stuff. What will happen to these three animals and the wicked fox pirate?
Outcast of Redwall

***Outcast of Redwall*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1995. It is the eighth book in the Redwall series.  *Outcast of Redwall* has been translated into six different languages, including Finnish, French, German, Italian, Swedish, and Russian.
Every Second Counts

***Every Second Counts*** is the fourth album released by Plain White T's. The album peaked at #10 on the *Billboard* 200 on July 29, 2007. The album was released on September 12, 2006.

## Track listing
### Standard edition
#  "Our Time Now" - 2:50
#  "Come Back to Me" - 3:23
#  "Hate (I Really Don't Like You) - 3:47
#  "You and Me" - 2:18
#  "Friends Don't Let Friends Dial Drunk" - 3:22
#  "Making a Memory" - 2:49
#  "So Damn Clever" - 3:03
#  "Tearin' Us Apart" - 2:36
#  "Write You a Song" - 4:01
#  "Gimme a Chance" - 2:57
#  "Figure It Out" - 2:45
#  "Let Me Take You There" - 3:46
#  "Hey There Delilah" - 3:52
#  "Hold On" (iTunes bonus) - 2:40

*The Best Buy version of the album contains two bonus tracks: "Hold On" and an acoustic demo of "Hate (I Really Don't Like You)".

### Deluxe Edition
A deluxe edition of *Every Second Counts* was released. It also has a different cover, with a white background instead of a brown background and includes a slipcase. It contains:

### CD
* Tracks 1-12 as above
#  "Hey There Delilah" - 3:53
#  "We Can Work It Out"
#  "Hold On" - 2:40

### DVD
The DVD includes a live concert in the bands hometown Chicago. The set list was:
# "Our Time Now"
# "Revenge"
# "All That We Needed"
# "Stop"
# "Friends Don't Let Friends Dial Drunk"
# "You And Me"
# "Come Back To Me"
# "Write You A Song"
# "Tearin' Us Apart"
# "So Damn Clever"
# "Let Me Take You There"
# "Hate (I Really Don't Like You)"
# "Hey There Delilah"
# "Take Me Away"

## References
Naguib Mahfouz

**Abdelaziz Ibrahim Ahmed Al-Basha** (), ; 11 December 1911 &ndash; 30 August 2006), known as **Naguib Mahfouz**, was an Egyptian novelist who won the 1988 Nobel Prize in Literature.

He managed to modernize Arabic literature. He is one of the few writers of Arabic literature who explored themes of existentialism.

## Biography 
Naguib Mahfouz was born in the Gamaliya quarter of Cairo and was named after Professor Naguib basha Mahfouz (1882-1974), the renowned Coptic physician who delivered him. In his childhood Mahfouz read extensively. His mother often took him to museums and Egyptian history. later became a major theme in many of his books.

The Egyptian Revolution of 1915 had a strong effect on Mahfouz, although he was at the time only seven years old. From the window he often saw English soldiers firing at the demonstrators, men and women. "You could say," he later noted, "that the one thing which most shook the security of my childhood was the 1919 revolution."

Before the Nobel Prize only a few of his novels had appeared in the West.
Because of his outspoken support for Anwar el Sadat's treaty with Israel, his books were banned in many Arab countries until after he won the Nobel prize.

Like many Egyptian writers and intellectuals, Mahfouz was on a "death list" by Islamic fundamentalists. He defended Salman Rushdie after the Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini condemned him to death, but later he criticized Rushdie's *Satanic Verses* as "insulting" to Islam.

Before his death, Mahfouz was the oldest living Nobel Literature laureate and the third oldest of all time, only Bertrand Russell and Halldor Laxness were older. At the time of his death, he was the only Arabic-language writer to have won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

## Works 
## Related pages
* List of Nobel Prize winners by country

## References 
## Other websites 
* *The Paris Review* Interview With Naguib Mahfouz
* Naguib Mahfouz on his English publisher's website 
* Nobel Prize press release
* Naguib Mahfouz from Pegasos Author's Calendar 
* Cornell biography
* BBC report of death 30 August 2006
* Article dated 31 August 2006 from The Independent: Nobel Prize winner Naguib Mahfouz dies aged 94 
* Associated Press report dated 31 August 2006 on Naguib Mahfouz's funeral
* Biography and bibliography in French 
* -"L'hypothèse naturaliste zolienne dans l'oeuvre de Naguib Mahfouz", by Salah NATIJ - in french, Website '''Maduba / Invitation àl'adab'*
* Obituary of Naguib Mahfouz published in *Islamica Magazine* 
* Fouad Ajami, "The Humanist in the Alleys," *The New Republic'', September 25, 2006, http://www.sais-jhu.edu/programs/mideast/documents/Recent%20Articles/Articles/The%20Humanist%20in%20the%20Alleys.pdf
Marcel Proust

**Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust** (French pronounced: maʁsɛl pʁust) (10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922) was a French novelist, essayist and critic, best known as the author of *À la recherche du temps perdu* (in English, *Remembrance of Things Past)*, a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction published in seven parts from 1913 to 1927.

Proust was a homosexual. He died of pneumonia.

## References 
* Adorno, Theodor.  "Prisms."  The MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.  1967.
* Aciman, André (2004) *The Proust Project*. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux
* Albaret, Céleste (Barbara Bray, trans.) 2003 *Monsieur Proust*. New York: The New York Review of Books
* Bernard, Anne-Marie (2002) *The World of Proust, as seen by Paul Nadar*. Cambridge: MIT Press
* Carter, William C. (2000) *Marcel Proust: A Life*. New Haven: Yale University Press
* Davenport-Hines, Richard (2006) *A Night at the Majestic*. London: Faber and Faber 
* De Botton, Alain (1998) *How Proust Can Change Your Life*. New York: Vintage Books
* Deleuze, Gilles (2004) *Proust and Signs: The Complete Text*. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
* Painter, George D (1959) *Marcel Proust A Biography* Vols. 1 & 2. London: Chatto & Windus
* Shattuck, Roger (1963) ''Proust's Binoculars: A Study of Memory, Time, and Recognition in À la recherche du temps perdu*. New York: Random House
* Shattuck, Roger (2000) *Proust's Way: A Field Guide To In Search of Lost Time*, New York: W. W. Norton
* Tadié, Jean-Yves: *MARCEL PROUST: A Life*. Viking, New York, 2000
* White, Edmund (1998) *Marcel Proust*. New York: Viking Books

### Online texts 
*  French text of volumes 1-4 and *Swann's Way'' in English translation
* University of Adelaide Library  French text of volumes 1-4 and the complete novel in English translation
* Works of Marcel Proust
Devario

***Devario*** is a genus of fish. It is a relative of the aquarium fish *Danio*. Generally, they are larger than *Danio*, and have deeper bodies than *Danio* species. They have vertical or horizontal stripes. In size, they range from 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in).

They are native to the freshwater rivers and streams of southeast Asia. Many species are brightly coloured, and are available as aquarium fish. They are active swimmers, and do best in a long tank.
 
## Other websites 
*Fishbase
Đá Nhảy Beach

, Bac Trung Bo, Vietnam]]
**Da Nhay Beach** is a beach on the shore of South China Sea. Da Nhay in Vietnamese means *the rocks that jump*. The beach was called this because of the geographical appearance of it; it has thousands rock reaching the sea and surrounding small fine sand beaches.

## Location 
It is about 40&nbsp;km north of Đồng Hới city, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam.

## Other websites
* Introduction of Da Nhay Beach on Official website of Vietnam Tourism Authority
Ashoka

**Ashoka** was the greatest emperor of the Mauryan Empire  He ruled from 268-232 BC. His name means "without sorrow". Ashoka is often cited as one of India's greatest emperors. After a number of military conquests, he fought a war with the kingdom of Kalinga in which it there were approximately 200,000+ casualties. He conquered Kalinga (present-day Odisha) around 261 BCE. He created a vast empire with a highly centralized state. At its peak it included almost the entire Indian subcontinent. 

Afterwards, shaken by his brutal victory, he decided to leave weapons and lead with peace, not war.Some of major reasons why he did this is because of total blood shed in the Kalinga war, The oaths he took to marry his Buddhist wife and he started to believe more on Buddhist practices and preachings of Non violence.To do this, he set up hospitals for animals and humans, created shaded and rested areas along roads for weary travellers to rest, and dug wells in villages. We know these things about his life through various inscriptions (writing) on rocks and pillars. Ashoka also convinced people to follow Dharma. He was a great patron of Buddhism and helped to spread it. The national emblem of India and the "Ashok Chakra" are created by Ashoka. It is in the flag to keep a remembrance of him.

## References 
## Notes
Nhật Lệ River

The **Nhật Lệ River** is a river in Đồng Hới City, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam. 

## Appearance 
The Nhat Le River is 152&nbsp;km long and splits up into other rivers such as the Kien Giang River, which is 58&nbsp;km in length, and the Long Dai River, which it is 77&nbsp;km long.

## Other websites 
*Rivers in Quang Binh Province on Official Website of Quang Binh government
Puritanism

The **Puritans** were a group of English-speaking Protestants in the 16th and the 17th centuries. A Puritan was any person who tried to become purer through worship and doctrine. The Puritans disagreed with some of the Church of England's actions and thought that the English Reformation had not gone far enough. 

In 1534, King Henry VIII separated from the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England. Queen Mary I returned the Church to Roman Catholicism in 1553, which did not change until Elizabeth I became Queen of England. Many people celebrated the return of a Protestant monarch, but some believed that the Church had not changed enough and was still too much like Catholicism.

## Beliefs 
The Puritans' beliefs and way of life were called Puritanism. Its most important princioples piety (obeying religious rules), dressing simply, and living a modest life.

The Puritans believed some of the same things as Calvinists and the Scottish Presbyterians. All of these groups were devoted to Bible reading and to being morally pure.

One of the Puritans' most important beliefs was that every person needs to understand the Bible in his own way. (Most other Protestants share that belief.) The Puritans tried to live by the Bible's teachings in every way. They tried to be morally and spiritually pure in even the smallest ways. They thought that man exists for the glory of God, and that man's most important job in life is to do God's will (what God wants). Doing God's will, they believed, would allow man to be rewarded with future happiness.

Because they did not agree with the ways of the Church of England, the Puritans made reforms, or changes, in their own churches and societies. Some of the Reformed churches in Europe made similar changes. 

The Puritans made preaching very important. They used as little ritual and decoration as possible. Very often, sermons talked about Hell. One famous sermon is "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," by Jonathan Edwards, an important New England Puritan preacher. The sermon talks about God being angry with people for sinful behavior and throwing them into the fires of Hell as a punishment.

Many Puritan groups emigrated to New England so that they could start their own societies and practice Puritanism as they wanted. Puritan beliefs and writings became very important in New England. One important Puritan work was John Bunyan's "The Pilgrim's Progress."

## Separatists
Those who left the Church of England altogether were known as Separatists. Many of the Plymouth Colony Pilgrims who established the first successful colony in New England were Separatists.
 Some of those churches were later called Congregationalists.

## References
## Other websites
* John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress
* A Puritan's Mind , some writings of the Puritans and their admirers
* Puritan sermons 
* Extensive Large collection of Puritan resources
Nhật Lệ Beach

**Nhat Le Beach** is a beach in Đồng Hới city, the capital of Quảng Bình Province. 

## Appearance 
The sand there is fine and white with clean water. The beach is located on the mouth of Nhật Lệ River emptying into South China Sea. There is a four-star resort at the opposite bank of the river and another under construction.
Varanasi

**Varanasi** (Sanskrit: वाराणसी *Vārāṇasī*,Telugu: వారణాసి, [ʋaːɾaːɳəsiː), also commonly known as **Banaras** and **Kashi,** is a city on the banks of the river Ganga (Ganges) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Hindus, Buddhists and Jains think it is holy. It is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world.

## Notable people 
Rani Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi from 1842 to 6/18/1858, an Indian queen and charismatic female strategist, was born here, named Manikarnika. On 10 May 1857, she led the Hindu revolt, also known as India's First War of Independence, against the British navy. She died on 6/17/1858 or 6/18/1858 at age 29.

## References 
* Singh, Rana P. B. Varanasi as Heritage City (India) on the scale the UNESCO World Heritage List: From Contestation to Conservation.  Swedish South Asian Studies Network.

## Other websites 
* District Varanasi Official Website - Official website of Varanasi District and City
* Why Did Aurangeb Demolish Kashi Vishawnath ?
Squid cache

**Squid cache**, or simply **Squid**, is a type of proxy server. They have many different uses, including making web servers faster. It is mostly used in HTTP and FTP protocols, but it has some support for some other types of protocols, like SSL, TLS, and HTTPS. It has been made over several years by people in the University of California in San Diego. It was made to be run on Linux-type computers, but with the use of Cygwin, it can also run completely on Windows computers. It is licensed under the GNU General Public License.

## Other websites 
* Official project homepage
SOCKS

**SOCKS** is an Internet protocol that allows one client computer to connect to another computer via a third computer (SOCKS server). SOCKS is an abbreviation for "SOCKetS".

When a direct connection between two computers (clients) is not possible for some services (e.g. HTTP, FTP, or chat protocols like MSN and AOL), a user can use these services via a so-called SOCKS server (routing).

Example: Bill wants to chat with Jane. Bill has a bad service provider who limits internet access. Bill's computer then connects to the SOCKS server, which is able to "chat" with Jane's computer without restrictions.

An HTTP proxy works similar to a SOCKS server, but is limited on routing HTTP traffic only.

## References
Kashi

**Kashi** can mean:
* Varanasi (Also known as Kāśi), a city in India
* Kashi Company, U.S. manufacturer of natural foods such as breakfast cereal, crackers, and cereal bars
* Kashgar (pinyin transliteration of the Chinese: Kashi), a city in Xinjiang, western China
* Japanese white oak
*Kashii, Japan, part of Fukuoka city
Louis III of France

**Louis III of France** (863/865 –  5 August 882) was the King of Western Francia. He was the second son of King Louis the Stammerer and Ansgarde.  He and his brother Carloman, both became king together and ruled together after his father's death in 879.

Louis won an important battle against the Viking pirates at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu, in 881.  He died in August 882 at Saint Denis after falling from his horse.  Because he had no children, his brother Carloman became the sole king.
Carloman II

]]
**Carloman II of France** (c. 866 – 12 December 884) was the king of Western Francia. He was the youngest son of King Louis the Stammerer and Ansgarde. He and his brother Louis III of France shared the kingship when their father died in 879. Carloman became sole king in 882, when his brother died.

Carloman had problems with Viking raiders during his reign. He died while hunting on December 12, 884.