open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Honeydew

s making "bubbles" of honeydew for ants.]]

**Honeydew** is a liquid sugar that aphids and some scale insects make when they eat plant sap. Honeydew is very sticky.

To eat plant sap, the aphid or scale insect pushes its mouth parts into the plant. Plant sap is under pressure inside the plant. The pressure inside the plant pushes the sap into the insect. Sometimes the pressure is so great that the sap is forced out of the rear of the insect. This is how honeydew is made. The honeydew then drops from the insect and makes a sticky layer on the plant.

Honeydew on plants can cause sooty mould, which is white and appears as powder on the plant.

Honeydew is collected by some insects, such as some wasps and bees. Some honey bees make honeydew into a dark, strong honey, called honeydew honey. Honeydew honey is valuable in parts of Europe and Asia because people think it can be used as a medicine.

Ants collect honeydew from aphids. Many ants even harvest the honeydew directly from the aphids. This helps the aphids, because the ants chase predators, such as lady beetles, away from the aphids.
Banjul

**Banjul** (formerly **Bathurst**) is the capital city of the Gambia. About 31,000 people live in the city. But the total urban area is many times larger with 413,397 people.  The city is on St Mary's Island (or *Banjul Island*) where the Gambia River enters the Atlantic Ocean.  The island is connected to the rest of Gambia by ferries to the north and bridges to the south. Banjul is the main urban area of The Gambia. It is the country's economic and administrative center.

Peanut processing is the main industry of the country. bee's wax, palm wood, palm oil, and animal skins are also transported from its port.

Things to see in the city include the Gambian National Museum, the Albert Market, Banjul State House, Banjul Court House, two cathedrals and several major mosques. The city is served by the Banjul International Airport.

## History 
In 1816, the British founded Banjul as a trading post. Banjul was also used to help stop the slave trade.  It was first named *Bathurst* after Henry Bathurst. The name was changed to Banjul in 1973.

## Climate
Banjul has a very warm climate year round.  Under the Köppen climate classification, Banjul features a tropical wet and dry climate.  The city features a lengthy dry season, spanning from November to June and a relatively short wet season covering the remaining four months. However, during those four months, Banjul tends to see heavy precipitation.  August is usually the rainiest month, with on average more than 300&nbsp;mm of precipitation falling.  Temperatures are somewhat constant, though it tends to be slightly cooler during the wet season than the dry season.

According to a Gambian government minister, Banjul is at risk of submerging under water by a metre rise in sea levels as a result of climate change and global warming.

The highest temperature recorded since records began in Banjul was 47.0&nbsp;°C (116.6&nbsp;°F) on 31 July 1980 and the lowest was 0.0&nbsp;°C (32.0&nbsp;°F) on 1 May 1976. The coldest day on record in Banjul was 18.0&nbsp;°C (64.4&nbsp;°F) on 4 March 1988 and the warmest night on record was 31.0&nbsp;°C (87.8&nbsp;°F) on 13 April 1988.

## References
## Other websites 
* Banjul Photos, Hotels, Maps & Links
* Gambia Site with history of Banjul
Bear (disambiguation)

**Bears** are a group of large mammals. They form the family *Ursidae*, in the order *Carnivora*.

The word **bear** could also mean:
*Bear (gay slang), a hairy, heavy-set gay man
**Bear* (novel), 1976 novel by Canadian author Marian Engel
*The ''Tu-95 Bear, a Russian bomber

## Related pages
*Bear Mountain, a disambiguation page
Broken English

is meant to say "authorized people only"]]

**Broken English**, or **Engrish** is a variant of the English language by people who do not speak English very well.

The term may refer to spoken English, and it can also describe written English. In Japan, it is common to add English text to items for decorative and fashion purposes.

The term *Engrish* first appears as an Asian mispronunciation of the word *English* in the 1940s.  It was not until the 1980s that it began to be used to as a byname for defective Asian English. The related term "wasei-eigo" means made-up English words that have entered into everyday Japanese.

Broken English can be found in East Asian countries, and also many places in other places where a lot of East Asians live. Broken English has been found on many things from poorly translated signs, menus, and manuals to strangely worded advertisements, food items, and strange t-shirt slogans. Broken English also sometimes happens when a word or sentence is badly translated on the Internet.

## Related pages 
* All your base are belong to us
* Pidgin

## References
Ecclesiastical Latin

The term **Ecclesiastical Latin** (sometimes called **Church Latin** or **Italian Latin**) is the Latin that is used in documents of the Roman Catholic Church and in its Latin liturgies. It is not a distinct language but a form of Latin used for ecclesiastical purposes because it can be used also for commercial or other purposes.

The Church issued the dogmatic definitions of the first seven General Councils in Greek, and even in Rome, Greek remained at first the language of the liturgy and the language in which the first popes wrote. The Holy See is not obliged to use Latin as its official language, and in theory, it could change its practice.

However, Latin has the advantage that the meaning of its words is less likely to change radically over the centuries. That helps to ensure theological precision and orthodoxy. Accordingly, recent Popes have reaffirmed the importance of Latin for the Church, particularly for those in ecclesiastical studies.

## Related pages
* Latin alphabet
* Medieval Latin

## Other websites
*Ecclesiastical Latin (article in *Catholic Encyclopedia* (1913))
**Veterum Sapientia*  by Pope John XXIII, 1962
*What the Church says on the Latin Language
*The Necessity of Latin (a collection of quotes from Popes, councils, and saints)
*The Bible in Latin - official text of the Roman Catholic Church
*Latin Bible (Vulgate text) in parallel with the English Douay-Rheims and King James Bibles
*Catechism of the Catholic Church in Latin
**Ordo Missae* of the 1970 Roman Missal , Latin and English texts, rubrics in English only
*Latin-English pre-Vatican-II Breviary 

## References
* *The New Missal Latin* by Edmund J. Baumeister, S.M., Ph.D. Published by St. Mary's Publishing Company, P.O. Box 134, St. Mary's, KS 66536-0134, USA
**A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin* by John F. Collins, (Catholic University of America Press, 1985) .  A learner's first textbook, comparable in style, layout, and coverage to ''Wheelock's Latin'', but with text selections from the liturgy and the Vulgate. It also contains translation and composition exercises.
Sacred cow

**Sacred cow** is an idiom. It is an  or phrase that is used without the literal meaning of being about a cow or religion. When spoken or written it means a person or a belief that has been respected for a long time. It has become sacred and people are then afraid or unwilling to criticise or question it. 

The idiom is based on the honor shown to cows in Hinduism. It is thought to have started in America in the early 20th century. Similar idioms are used in many other languages. Saying "holy cow!" when surprised may be another example.

An actual 'sacred cow' or 'sacred bull'  is a real animal that is treated with sincere respect in specific religions and their celebrations. They cannot eat the meat of cows because they are sacred.

## In religion 
In Hinduism, cows are thought to be sacred, or deeply respected. Cows are seen as a 'caregiver' or maternal figure. One Hindu goddess, Bhoomi (भूमि), is usually shown in the form of a cow. She represents the Earth. Most Hindus respect cows for their gentle nature, and cows also represent strength. Hindus who eat meat will avoid eating [cow meat]. 

There is a festival to thank cows for serving farmers for agriculture, This festival is called as "Mattupongal" which is one among the four days of the grand Indian festival called the Pongal which is completely focused on thanking each and every agricultural implement.

## Celebration of Cows 
 festival celebration]]
In the Hindu tradition, cows are honored, garlanded and given special feedings at festivals all over India. One is the annual Gopastami festival, dedicated to Krishna and cows.  

The cow's nature is represented in Kamadhenu; the goddess who is the mother of all cows. In India, more than 3,000 institutions called Gaushalas care for old and infirm cows. According to animal husbandry statistics there are about 44,900,000 cows in India, the highest in the world. So while some old and infirm cows are treated in Gaushalas, the rest are generally abandoned at public places such as railway stations and bazaars.

Honoring the cow inspires in people the virtues of gentleness and connects them with nature. The cow gives milk and cream, yogurt and cheese, butter and ghee. The milk of a cow is believed to refine a person. The ghee (clarified butter) from the milk is used in ceremonies and in preparing religious food. Cow dung is used as fertilizer, as a fuel, and as a disinfectant in homes.

## Quotes 
* 
## Related pages 
* Vegetarianism

## References
Virtual memory

**Virtual Memory** is a way of managing memory which is a recent trend of technology used in computers. Hardware (the physical part of the computer, such as the CPU or graphics card) runs software. This software will need computer memory to run, and do what it needs to do. Most computers in use today can do more than one thing at a time, they run more than one application. This is known as multiprocessing. 

In this case, all the programs or applications that are running on the computer at a time share its resources. A computer does not have more processors or main memory (RAM) just because more programs run on it.

Virtual memory is the idea that the application *sees* a *block of memory* of a given size. The application can use this memory as it sees fit. This block of memory is *virtual* in the sense that it comes from different parts. Some of it may be in the main memory of the computer, but some may also be on disk. The CPU has a special part, called Arithmetic Logic Unit which does some of the translations between application memory and system resources. Modern operating systems also do a part of this work.

When a program tries to access a block of memory that is not in system memory, that program is stopped, and the block is loaded into system memory. What was in that part of the system memory is written to disk. This is usually called paging.

Certain computer systems, such as  embedded systems, do not use virtual memory, because they need a very fast response time, or one that always stays the same. One of the problems is that with virtual memory it is difficult to predict the response time. An application that uses a part of memory which needs to be loaded from disk will have a different response time from one that does not. Therefore, virtual memory concept is not used in embedded systems.
Murti

In Hinduism, a **murti** (also spelled murthi or murthy) usually means an image or an idol in which the Divine Spirit is expressed ('murta'). Hindus call the presence of God into the image or idol so that they can communicate and receive the blessings of God. Hindus don't worship the murti or idol itself but the god who is present in their minds and souls. It can also be set up anywhere.

## Role of murtis in worship
, a devotee looks within and beyond the bronze Siva image to call on God in His spiritual body of light.]]Murtis sometimes are abstract, but almost always stone or metal images of God in a human-like form like Shiva or Ganesha, Rama or Krishna, Saraswati or Kali. Murtis are made according to strict prescriptions and then installed by highly trained priests through a ceremony. The priests can then call on God in the image daily.

Murtis in Hindu temples and shrines are a mystical form of communication with God and devas. This is similar to our ability to communicate with others through the telephone. One does not talk to the telephone; rather the telephone is a way to interact with another person. Without the telephone, one could not have a conversation across long distances; and without the sanctified image in the temple, one cannot easily talk with the Deity.

## Going beyond murtis in Hinduism
The image or murti of worship is a focus for prayers, although Hindus can see God is in all things, in stone and water, fire, air and ether, in the enlightened person of a satguru and inside their own soul. Some temples do not have any murti in the sanctum but a symbolic diagram. Some Hindu branches rejected the worship of images.

In Hinduism, one of the highest achievements is when one goes beyond the need of all form and symbol. This is the yogi’s goal obtained through meditation.  Hinduism is also one of the religions that uses more symbols to represent God in preparation for getting beyond them.

## Sacred images in other religions
Image worship appears to be an intelligent, mystical practice shared by all of the world’s great religions. All religions have their symbols of holiness: the Christian cross, or statues of Mother Mary and Saint Theresa, the holy Kaaba in Mecca, the Sikh Adi Granth enshrined in the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the Arc and Torah of the Jews, the image of a meditating Buddha, the totems of indigenous and Pagan faiths, and the artifacts of the holy men and women of all religions. Any Christian respects the Bible and considers it sacred. His book and the Hindu’s murtis are similar in this way. 

Critics of image worship consider this practice "idolatry". People who practice idolatry believe that God is the material object itself. Instead, Hindus worship murtis to call on the presence of the spiritual God and then communicate with him.

## References
Guild

guild sign of a glazier — in Germany. These signs can be found in many old European towns where guild members marked their places of business. Today they are newly created or even restored, especially in old town areas]]

A **guild** is an association of craftspeople or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a town. 

Many groups of people started as guilds, including scholars, and religious guilds. Many modern organisations, like universities, started as guilds. However, the basic idea of a guild was to control the training and practice of a trade or business. In Europe, guilds were given authority by the monarch. New young members had to serve as apprentices to a master for a certain length of time (such as seven years). At the end they became full members of the guild, and could set up on their own, and take apprentices of their own. That is the way the European world worked up to and including the first part of the 20th century.

There were guilds of weavers and dyers in the wool trade, of masons and architects in the building trade. There were guilds of painters,  blacksmiths, bakers, butchers, and so on. The Corporation of the City of London includes the "livery companies". These companies were originally guilds. The senior members of the livery companies choose the Lord Mayor of London, the sheriffs and certain other officers.

Guilds were common in the cities of the Middle Ages. After that, around 1700 to 1800 their influence lessened somewhat. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith were much opposed to the idea of guilds. They believed that guilds hindered economic development and free trade.

## References
Myrmecophile

A **myrmecophile** is an animal that lives with ants. A myrmecophile may help the ants, or it may be a parasite of the ants by eating them or their food.

Many myrmecophiles eat waste in ant nests, such as dead ants or fungi growing in the nest. Some myrmecophiles make food that the ants can eat. Aphids do this when they make honeydew. Ants may even farm or tend some insects, such as aphids, that make food for them. Other myrmecophiles eat the food supplies of ants, and a few eat ant eggs, larvae, or pupae.

One family (group) of butterflies lives with ants and sometimes makes food for the ants. The ants help the butterfly caterpillars by keeping away other animals that want to eat or hurt the caterpillars.

Other animals that live with ants include some beetles, flies, mites, and spiders. Flies in the genus (group) called *Microdon* live in ant nests and eat waste or eat larval ants.
Krematorij

**Krematorij** (Russian: Крематорий) is a Russian rock band. The lead singer of the group is Armen Grigoryan (Армен Григорян). He is also the main songwriter for the band.

The band was formed in 1983 in Moscow. After the release of their *Illusionary World* album in 1985, the group was well known throughout the former Soviet Union. They began to perform at concerts all over the country. The band uses a violin in their music to give Krematorij a sound that is different from other bands. This has been important to the group's continued popularity.

## Other websites 
*  Official website.
* RussMus.Net:   Krematorij lyrics and English translations
Freestyle football

**Freestyle football** is a sport played by one person by kicking a football. Freestyle football is a new sport, which has become more popular in recent years. 

To play freestyle football, one needs skill to keep the ball off the ground. This is done by juggling the ball with one's feet. Many people can do this well. At the same time, they can add in more difficult tricks. The most famous trick is called 'around the world'.  There are five or more different ways of doing 'around the world'. Freestyle football can be played anywhere, such as in the street or a park.

## Other websites 
*Moscow Football Freestyle Organisation
*Professional Football Freestyle Agency 
*Professional Football Freestyle Agency
Addington

**Addington** is a village in the London Borough of Croydon in south London. Addington is home to many historical sites in Croydon, like Croydon Palace and the Addington Palace. St Mary's Church is also in Addington and is known for the cross commemorating five archbishops in the foreground. Before the tram system was introduced in 2000 connections to the town were very short with only a few buses to Croydon. 

New Addington is a town close by to Addington. Once there was only one school in the village and all the children went to it, now that school has been demolished.

## References
Croydon

**Croydon** is a large town in Greater London, southern England in the United Kingdom. It is south of London and is part of the London Borough of Croydon. It is birthplace of Crowded House and Split Enz singers Neil Finn and Tim Finn.

## History
The town grew up from Anglo-Saxon times around a palace belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1276 the archbishop allowed a weekly market to take place nearby and this date is taken as the founding of the town. The town grew in the eighteenth century as a stage coach stop on the way to the popular seaside town of Brighton from London. In the nineteenth century railways put the town only 15&nbsp;minutes from London by fast train and it grew 23 times in terms of the number of people living there between 1801 and 1901.

## Things to do
Croydon is well known for having many places to go shopping, which includes two shopping centres called Centrale and the Whitgift Centre. A third one called Park Place is planned. Croydon has been rated the 20th best shopping area in the UK. It is also well known for holding a lot of offices for companies to let. The council wants to keep Croydon a big town by building more offices and entertainment facilities, so a new place called the Croydon Gateway is planned. Purley Way, just west of Croydon, is a large retail park area which has many shops like Comet (which went in admin in 2012), Sainsbury's, McDonald's, IKEA, Argos, M&S, Boots along with a cinema and bowling alley.

## Transport
Croydon is very easy to get to. There is a large bus station on the edge of Croydon, and three railway stations called East Croydon, West Croydon, and South Croydon.

Croydon is also served by Tramlink, a tram system, the only tram system in all of Greater London. It is the place where all four routes meet. They go to places like Elmers End and Beckenham in Bromley to the east, Wimbledon and Mitcham in Merton to the west, and Addington and Addiscombe to the south.

## References
Flag of India

The modern **Flag of The Republic of India** has three colours, which are placed horizontally. At the top is saffron, which signifies sacrifice and patriotism. In the middle is white, which stands for truth in word and actions and purity in our thoughts. At the bottom is green, which stands for life and prosperity. In the middle of the white is a blue wheel, which is called the Ashoka Chakra. It has 24 spokes and it stands for progress.The Chakra or the wheel also symbolizes the Power of the State governed by Dharma. It is also called the tiranga or tricolour. The flag was discovered by Venkayya Pingali. Moirang in Manipur is the first place in India where the National Flag of India was first hoisted. It was in this place where the INA War Museum and the INA Martyrs' Memorial Complex were developed to commemorate the contributions of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and his Indian National Army to the Indian Independence Movement.

Gandhi first in 1921, Congress spoke of their flag. The flag Pingali Venkayya, who had designed. There were two colours, red for the Hindus, and green for Muslims. Was in the middle of a cycle. For the other religions in the white paint was added. A few days before Independence, the Constituent Assembly national modified. The spinning wheel replaced by the Ashok Chakra Lee. The new flag of the country's second President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan explained again.

The national flag of India the top band of Saffron color, indicating the strength and courage of the country. The strip between the white is a symbol of peace and truth with Dharma Chakra. The lower green stripe fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land exhibits. Built on the white strip cycle menstrual cycle says. Wheel of Dharma wheel of the law that says the third century BC Mauryan Emperor Ashoka built the Sarnath Temple was taken from. The Chakra intends to show that this is life in movement and death in stagnation.

Are estimated using the following transfer in Indian flag colors. In flag saffron, white, green and blue colors that HTML Arljilbi and Web colors in the (hexadecimal notation); CMYK equivalent; Dye color and Penton equal number.

## References
* 
* .
* 
* .
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
Trevor Royle, The Last Days of the Raj, Cornet Books, Hodder and Stoughton, London, pg. 217)

### Notes
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Additional references
Coat of arms of India

of India.]]
The Indian Emblem of India  is the symbol of the Republic of India, formally called 'National emblem'. It has four lions. The idea for this coat of arms was taken from the Sarnath Lion Capital that was built by Indian emperor Ashoka. It's a pillar in the city of Sarnath. Ashoka built it around 250 BC using a single piece of polished sandstone. The symbol is invariably used on all types of currency notes, passports and coins of India. In the two dimensional view of this symbol, one can see 3 heads (the fourth being hidden from view). It was adopted on 26 January 1950, the day that India became a republic.

The lions represent royalty and pride. It also represents the currency. 

The wheel beneath the lions is called the Ashoka Chakra or Dharmachakra comes from Buddhism, representing Truth and Honesty. The horse and the bull probably stand for the Strength (Mental) of the people of India. There are four Ashoka Chakras in total around the emblem and two horses and bulls each.

The verse written below, Satyamev Jayate is a very popular and revered saying in the ancient language Sanskrit. It can be divided phonetically into three words - Satyam, which means truth, Ev or aev, that is, only and Jayate which means wins or won. The whole verse can be translated as, 'Only (the one who speaks) the truth will win or wins.' This verse describes the power of honesty and truth in society and religion. You can lie to your friends, family, but you cannot lie to God and yourself. Your conscience will forever be stained.

The verse can also be translated as 'The truth alone triumphs'. Meaning that even after all the lies and deceptions with which we have been fooled, the truth will finally emerge victorious.

## References
Spanish Wikipedia

The **Spanish Wikipedia** () is a Spanish-language edition of Wikipedia. Started in May 2001, it is the 8th-largest Wikipedia by article count. The Spanish Wikipedia has about  articles.

## List of countries Wikipedia distributions
* **Spanish Wikipedia**
** Argentina 
** Belize
** Bolivia
** Chile
** Colombia
** Costa Rica
** Cuba
** Ecuador
** El Salvador
** Guatemala
** Haiti
** Honduras
** Mexico
** Nicaragua
** Panama
** Paraguay
** Peru
** Spain
** Venezuela

## References 
## Other websites 
* Spanish Wikipedia main page.
Crystal Palace

Dinosaur]]
 swims with a group of Plesiosaurs]]
**Crystal Palace** is a place and former site of a landmark in London, England. The town is between the London Boroughs of Croydon, Bromley, Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham. 

The town is home of the Crystal Palace television mast, a large aerial which receives television and radio signals so that people in London can hear or see the channels. The Croydon Transmitter was also put in Crystal Palace, so if something went wrong with the Crystal Palace Ariel this one could take over.

The space used to hold The Crystal Palace, a large building made mostly out of glass. It was called The Great Exhibition of 1851 and used to be in Hyde Park, but the palace was moved to Crystal Palace in 1854. People went to it for over seven decades. Sydenham Hill, where the Crystal Palace was, is one of the highest locations in London and the size of the palace made it easy to see from Central London. This led to the area around the building becoming known as Crystal Palace instead of Sydenham Hill. The palace was destroyed by fire on the 30th November 1936 and the site of the building and its grounds are now known as Crystal Palace Park and include an olympic sized swimming pool.

The area is served by Sydenham railway station and Crystal Palace railway station, with Penge West railway station and Sydenham Hill railway station both straddling.

Crystal Palace Park is a large park in Crystal Palace, which is known across South London, mainly for the statues of the dinosaurs. There is also a stadium used for national athletics and a large sports centre. 

There is no town centre in Crystal Palace, as most of the area is covered by homes, although many people confuse Upper Norwood town centre (which has a Sainsbury's in it) as Crystal Palace. Anerley is also close by. There is a bus station on Crystal Palace Parade and there is a train station in Crystal Palace for Central London and Croydon.

## Other websites 
* Map of Crystal Palace
Samarra

]]
**Sāmarrā** () is a town in Iraq. It is on the east bank of the Tigris in the Salah ad Din Governorate, 125&nbsp;km north of Baghdad. In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 348,700 people. 

Samarra is a city of culture and heritage. Samarra is home to the Malwiya Mosque Minerat. In 836 CE, the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu'tasim founded a new capital at the banks of the Tigris. Here he built extensive palace complexes surrounded by garrison settlements for his guards, mostly drawn from Central Asia and Iran (most famously the Turks).
Tigris

.]]
, in Iraq.]]

The **Tigris** is a river in the Middle East. It is the eastern of two rivers that define Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia literally means *(the land) between the rivers*. The other river is called Euphrates. The source of the river is in the Taurus mountains in Turkey. From there, it flows through the Armenian highlands in Turkey and forms part of the border between Turkey and Syria. The remainder is in Iraq. 

The river is 1,900 kilometres (1,181 miles) long. It comes together with the Euphrates in the Shatt-al-Arab (which is called Arvand Rud in Persian). The Shatt-al-Arab flows into the Persian Gulf. The river had an important role in the development of civilization, as early farmers used water from the river to water their crops and produce more food.
Tawaret

In ancient Egyptian mythology, **Tawaret** (also *Taweret) *was the demon-wife of Apep, the first god of evil. She was often shown as a hippopotamus. Because female hippos are aggressive to protect their young, pregnant women wore amulets of Tawaret to protect their pregnancies.

Tawaret was a very popular goddess in the first Dynasty. She was, overall, the goddess who protected women during childbirth and pregnancy. In ancient Egypt, it was believed that if you wanted to live through childbirth it was necessary to pray to Tawaret.

## Other websites 
* ancientegypt.co.uk
Seshat

**Seshat** was the ancient Egyptian idea of knowledge, shown as a goddess. She became the goddess of writing, astronomy/astrology, architecture, and mathematics. When Thoth became the god of wisdom, Seshat was seen as his daughter, or sometimes, as his wife. In art, she was shown as a woman with a stylised papyrus plant above her head. This symbolised writing since the Egyptians wrote on a material that came from papyrus.

## Other websites
*thekeep.org 
*egyptmyths.net
*ancientegypt.co.uk
Apep

**Apep** in Egyptian mythology was an evil demon. He was associated with darkness and chaos. He was often shown as a snake.

Apep's name was often incorrectly defined as he who was *spat out*. It was said that he had been formed by Neith, who had been the goddess of the ancient waters in the Ennead, from a length of spit she had spat at Nu, the god of the ancient waters in the Ogdoad. Some subsequent commentators speculated that Apep must have been an earlier creator, and chief god, thus explaining why he had so much anger towards Ra.

It was believed that Ra (the sun) each night passed into Duat and then battled with Apep, always winning except for certain days in which Ra is momentarily devoured, what the Egyptians saw as an eclipse.

Instead of being worshipped he was done the exact opposite and spat upon. Models would be made of wax and clay and then burnt, spat upon, and defaced. 

## Physical Description 
Apep was a fifty foot long snake.  He was black, orange, and a little bit green. Apep was very strong. He symbolized darkness, storms, night, the underworld and death. Ramses sixth tomb depicted him, having nine heads, representing the souls he killed.
In some depictions he is shown being attacked by a cat. The cat represents Bast, the goddess of cats. Bast was Ra's 'Guardian', so to speak. Bast's job was to protect Ra on his trips through the Duat every night. this is how he became the physical description

## Influences 
* The asteroid 99942 Apophis, an Aten-class asteroid, is named in its honour, because it was at Level 4 on the Torino impact hazard scale between 2004 and 2006. 
* The name Apophis was given to the first major false god enemy in the sci-fi series Stargate SG-1
* The name Apep Heidemann was given to the major enemy in the Japanese manga Seraphic Feather. 
* In the Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game, there is a snake-like Trap Card Monster called 'Embodiment of Apophis'. Considering the original Yu-Gi-Oh!'s Egyptian origins, this befits the context of the card game.

## Other websites 
* Apep, Water Snake-Demon of Chaos, Enemy of Ra... 
* ancient Egypt: The Mythology - Apep
Ville Valo

**Ville Valo** (born November 22, 1976) is a Finnish baritone singer and songwriter. He is the lead singer in the Finnish rock band HIM. He lives in Helsinki, Finland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* HIMzone666 
* HIMzone666.forum
Prefix notation

**Prefix notation** is a mathematical notation. It is a way to write down equations and other mathematical formulae. Prefix notation is also known as *Polish notation*. The notation was invented by Jan Łukasiewicz in 1920. He wanted to simplify writing logic equations.

When prefix notation is used, no grouping elements (like parenthesis) are needed.

With prefix notation, the function is noted before the arguments it operates on. 

Some CASIO calculators use prefix notation. Some programming languages that were influenced by lambda calculus, like LISP, use prefix notation.
Nephthys

**Nephthys** was a goddess with wide power and capacity, and she was often referred to as "The Excellent Goddess." 
She could also be dangerous, able to kill the enemies of the king with her fiery breath. In this capacity, she was considered a protector of the king. . 
Nephthys has a central role in the popular myths of Osiris; it is her magical powers that helps to resurrect his body, as well as to protect and nurture Horus while he is a child.
She is in some contexts presented as a protector of the dead, in other as protecting the baboon-headed Hapi, one of the 4 canopic jars.
In the Late Period, she became linked with the goddess, Anuket.
## Family 
According to myth, Nephthys had four siblings. Her parents were Geb the god of the earth and Nut the goddess of the sky. She was the sister of Isis, Osiris, Horus, and sister/twin and consort of Seth. Nephthys was also the mother of Anubis, the jackal-headed one with black skin.

## Cult 
In the 19th Dynasty of the Ramesside Pharaohs, a temple of Nephthys called the "House of Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun" was built in the town of Sepermeru, midway between Oxyrhynchos and Herakleopolis, on the outskirts of the Fayyum and quite near to the modern site of Deshasheh.

## References 
#Relmer, Pat *Egyptian Mythology A to Z*
#Fisher, Leonard *The Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt*
#Barett, Clive *The Egyptian Gods and Goddesses*

## Other websites 
* ancientegypt.co.uk
* touregypt.net
* pantheon.org 
* http://www.Touregypt.net/godsofegypt/Nephthys2.htm
* http://www.aelives.com/gods.htm 
* http://www.philae.nu/Akhet/Netjurun.html
Anuket

museum.]]

**Anuket** was the first ancient Egyptian goddess of the Nile river in areas like Elephantine Island, at the start of the Nile's journey through Egypt, and in nearby parts of Nubia. Her temple was built at the Island of Seheil. 

Since the god Khnum and goddess Satis were thought to be the gods of the source of the Nile, Anuket was believed to be their daughter. The Egyptians believed that the two tributaries in her area of the Nile were her arms. Because tributaries move quickly, she became associated with fast-moving things, like arrows, and the gazelle. 

In art, she was usually shown as a gazelle, or with a gazelle's head, and sometimes had a headdress of feathers.

When the Nile started its annual flood, the *Festival of Anuket* began. People threw coins, gold, jewelry, and precious gifts into the river, thanking Anuket for the life-giving water. The taboo that was held in several parts of Egypt of not eating fish, which were considered sacred, was lifted during this time. 

## Other websites 
* touregypt.net
* egyptianmyths.net
* pantheon.org
Bolshoi Theatre

The **Bolshoi Theatre** (Russian: Большой театр, Bol'shoy Teatr, Large Theater) is a world-famous theatre and opera company in Moscow, Russia, which gives performances of ballet and opera. It is in the centre of Moscow, near the Kremlin.

## History of the building
The Bolshoi Theatre began in 1776 when Empress Catherina II allowed Prince Pyotr Urusov to run theatrical performances.  That theatre burned down and a new one was built in 1825.  After that one burned down too, it was rebuilt and reopened in 1856.  After that, no important repairs were made to the building for 150 years.  By the beginning of the 21st century it was in a very bad state and in danger of falling down.  Major repairs were started in 2005, and the theatre was re-opened in 2011.

At the time of the Communist Revolution (1917), the Bolsheviks thought the theatre represented the old tsars and everything that had been bad in Russia.  They wanted to demolish it.  Then they started to use it for their meetings.  Lenin and Stalin both gave speeches there.  The operas that were performed had to be ones that did not criticize the Soviet Union in any way

## References 
## Other websites
*From Russia With Love: Costumes for the Ballets Russes 1909-1933
Kurt Waldheim

**Kurt Josef Waldheim** (21 December 1918 – 14 June 2007) was an Austrian diplomat and conservative politician. He was Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981, and President of Austria from 1986 to 1992.

## Political career
Waldheim published an autobiography. During his campaign to become president in 1986, it became public that some statements in that biography were not true. These were about his past. Waldheim was an officer for Germany in the Second World War. He became an oberleutnant in the Wehrmacht.  Waldheim participated in Operation Kozara in 1942. According to one post-war investigator, prisoners were often shot within only a few hundred meters of Waldheim's office and  away at the Jasenovac concentration camp. Waldheim later said, "he did not know about the murder of civilians there". 

## References
Mop

A **mop** is a tool used for cleaning. It is usually pieces of cloth or a sponge attached to the end of a long stick.

A dry mop* is typically used to clean the floor, while a *wet mop* is used to remove dust.*

The word (then spelled *mappe*) was first used in English as early as 1496, but new designs and variations of the original mop designs have been introduced, from time to time. For example, American inventor Jacob Howe received U.S. patent #241 for a mop holder in 1837, and Thomas W. Stewart (U.S. patent #499,402) received a patent for a mop holder in 1893.

## Related pages
*Broom

## References
Town hall

.]]
 
A **city hall** or **town hall** is the headquarters of a city or town's administration and usually houses the city or town council, its associated departments and their employees. It is also usually the base of the city, town, borough or county mayor. 

In North America, a hall is labeled a "city" or "town" hall depending on the size of the municipality it serves. City halls are usually found in larger cities and town halls in smaller urban areas.

In the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong and many Commonwealth countries, "town hall" is the more common term. During the 1960s many of the older town halls were replaced by "Civic centres". The civic centre was a functional building, offices of the council only, without the art gallery or hall for cultural activities which were a feature of many of the older town halls.

"County hall" is used for the headquarters of County council administrations.
Spectrometer

A **spectrometer** is an optical instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The independent variable is usually the wavelength of the light. 
The variable measured is most often the light's intensity but could also, for instance, be the polarization state. A spectrometer is used in spectroscopy for producing spectral lines and measuring their wavelengths and intensities.  Spectrometer is a term that is applied to instruments that operate over a very wide range of wavelengths, from gamma rays and X-rays into the far infrared.

In general, any particular instrument will operate over a small portion of this total range because of the different techniques used to measure different portions of the spectrum. Below optical frequencies (that is, at microwave, radio, and audio frequencies), the spectrum analyzer is a closely related electronic device.

## Spectroscopes
Spectrometers are used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Spectroscopes are used often in astronomy and some branches of chemistry.  Early spectroscopes were simply a prism with graduations marking wavelengths of light. Modern spectroscopes, such as monochromators, generally use a diffraction grating, a movable slit, and some kind of photodetector, all automated and controlled by a computer.  The spectroscope was invented by Gustav Robert Georg Kirchhoff and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen.

## Reference works 
* How to work with the spectroscope : a manual of practical manipulation with spectroscopes of all kinds 
:1882; Browning, John (1835-1925) NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT - online full-text download

## Related pages
* Spectroscopy

## Other websites 
* How to design a spectroscope    
* A CD spectrometer Build from CD and cereal box - Spectrographs of common light sources
* Supplement: Build Yourself a Simple Hand-Held Spectrograph  Sample spectra
* SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE SCHOOL  Build a simple spectroscope from a CD
* CD spectrometer CD + cardboard tube or cereal box
* http://www.scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/light/cd_spectroscope/spectroscope.html Construction photos, razor-blade slit
* MiniSpectroscopy displays a visual representation (a "spectroscope view") of a sample spectrum simultaneously with a graphical (intensity vs. wavelength) representation.
Pan (mythology)

**Pan** was the Ancient Greek god of pastures, flocks, the mountain wilds and rustic music. In Rome, he was called Faunus. He had the body of a satyr (legs of a goat and body of a human). He was also known to produce a sound called a "panic" that caused extreme pain to any who heard it, this sound is the origin of the English word panic. He was the lord of the wild and as such, all forest dwelling creatures answer to him, including (but not exclusively) satyrs, nymphs, and forest creatures.

Pan was commonly believed to be dead, as a passing sailor heard a call as he passed an island proclaiming "Tell them the great lord Pan is dead." The sailor spread the news, leading to the belief that he is dead, however some still believe that he lives on today, slowly dying as the wilds of the world are destroyed.

## Other websites 
* The story of Pan and Daphnis 
* Original resources on Faunus/Phaunos
* Original resources on Pan
* Pan Mythology
Tefnut

**Tefnut** was the ancient Egyptian goddess of water and fertility. She and her brother and husband, Shu, were created by Atum, Ra or Amun. Tefnut was the mother of Nut and Geb also she is associated with the lion. In art she is represent as a woman with head of the lion with Sun disc.

## God's plan 
Tefnut, along with Shu, were the first deities created by Ra. She had other names, such as Tefenet and Tefnet. She was mainly in charge of moisture, but was also responsible for Order, Time, Justice, Heaven and Hell. She was very closely related to both the sun and the moon. She was known as both the left (moon), and right (sun): 'Eyes of Ra.'

## Physical description 
Once Tefnut fled from Ra as a lioness, causing a great drought. Only Thoth could persuade her to return, so he went to Nubia and got her back. When she got back, there was great rejoice in all the temples.  After that incident, Tefnut, normally wearing her fathers’ sun disk, was seen as a lioness, or a woman with a lions’ head. Very rarely ever again was she seen portrayed as a full woman. When Tefnut was in the royal court, she wore a crown made of sprouting plants. Sometimes she was seen lying horizontally between the ground and the sky. She was sometimes pictured with her husband, Shu, helping to hold up Nut. She cried with the pain, and when she cried, that made the ground fertilized.

## Power & magic 
Tefnut sat in judgment of the dead in the underworld. Tefnut wears her fathers’ sun disk, a symbol of power. She carries a scepter and wears an ankh, the symbol of life. As she was the goddess of moisture, she was also related to other deities of moisture and wetness. She was seen holding up the sky with her brother/husband Shu. As she was in charge of moisture, she held other roles as well. Some of them were: Order, justice, time, the weather,Heaven, and Hell. Above all, her main role was to bring moisture down on the ancient Egyptians.

## Worship 
Tefnut was worshipped in lion form in Leontopolis (May-ta-hut). Part of the city of Denderah (Iunet), was known as ‘The House of Tefnut.’ Some of Tefnut’s festival dates were the 20th of August, the day of satisfying the Hearts of the Ennead. Another festival date was the 29th of October, which was the day of Going Forth of Het-Hert and the Ennead. The last festival date was the 15th of November, the Ennead Feast in the House of Kay Heru and Wasir. Tefnut does not have any main centers of Worship, or any known temples dedicated to her.

## Other websites 
* touregypt.net
* pantheon.org 
* ancientegypt.co.uk
Lucky Town

***Lucky Town*** is an album by Bruce Springsteen. It was produced by Bruce Springsteen with Jon Landau and Chuck Plotkin. The album was recorded by Toby Scott and mixed by Bob Clearmountain. It was released in 1992 under the copyright of Bruce Springsteen and was distributed by Sony Music.

## Track listing
Bruce Springsteen plays all the instruments except the drums, which are played by Gary Mallabar.

## Related pages
* Bruce Springsteen official website
* Lucky Town official website 
* Sony Music USA
Juli

**Juli** is a German rock/pop band from Gießen, Hesse. Its singer is Eva Briegel, guitarists Jonas Pfetzing and Simon Triebel, bassist Andreas "Dedi" Herde and drummer Marcel Römer. The band was made out of Sunnyglade in 2001.
Member

A **member** is a person who belongs to a group of people. **Member** may also mean:
 
* In set theory,  an object that belongs to a set (mathematical) is an element,
* A  user that is signed up for an internet service provider (ISP) service is a member of the ISP
* Military jury, which is called "Members" by those in the military
* Limb, a part of the human or animal body
* The penis (slang)
National Hurricane Center

The U.S. **National Hurricane Center** (**NHC**) is a department of the National Weather Service, and a component of the National Centers For Environmental Protection. It is responsible for tracking and forecasting the likely behavior of tropical and subtropical cyclones, potential tropical cyclones, and disturbances. The NHC headquarters is in Miami, Florida.

When tropical storm or hurricane conditions are predicted within 48 hours on land, the center issues the proper watches through the news media and NOAA Weather Radio. When those conditions are expected within 36 hours, a warning will be issued. Although it is an organization of the United States, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has designated the NHC as Regional Specialised Meteorological Center for the North Atlantic and eastern and central Pacific Ocean. In other words, the NHC is the central source of information for all tropical cyclone forecasts and observations happening in these areas, whatever their effect on the US. The NHC does not come up with their own names, but the WMO comes up with the names instead.

## Related pages
*Tropical Storm Warning
*Hurricane

## References
## Other websites 
*NOAA National Hurricane Center website
*History of NWS Forecast Office, Miami