open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sequoyah

**Sequoyah** was a Cherokee man. He invented a syllabary (alphabet based on syllables) for his people. Before that, they did not have an alphabet for their language.

## Childhood
Sequoyah was born into the Cherokee Nation. His mother was *Wut-teh*. Not many people know about his early childhood. There are different stories on what happened.

## Making the syllabary
Sequoyah met many white people. He was fascinated by their "talking leaves," which was their writing system on paper. He wanted to make an alphabet for Cherokees to communicate too. He began making it around 1809. First he tried to make a symbol for every word, like in Chinese. That required too much remembering. Then he tried to make one for every idea, but gave up. Finally he made one symbol for every syllable in the Cherokee language. He made a syllabary with 86 letters. Many of the letters look like English because he had an English book that he could not read.

He taught the syllabary to his daughter, Ayokeh (Ayoka). Then he tested it in front of a group of leaders. They said a word, he wrote it down, and then Ayokeh repeated them. Originally people thought it was witchcraft, but then they started liking his syllabary. Many Cherokee learned it and eventually became literate, which means they could read and write. In fact, more Cherokees could read and write better than nearby white people.

## Influence
Sequoyah became a hero for giving Cherokee people a written language. Cherokee is still taught and used. There are now 85 symbols, instead of the original 86.

## References
## Other websites
* "Invention of the Cherokee Alphabet" , *Cherokee Phoenix*, 13 Aug 1828
* John B. Davis, "The Life and Work of Sequoyah", *Chronicles of Oklahoma*, Vol.8 (2), June 1930 , Oklahoma State University
* "Sequoyah" , Tiro Typeworks
* ["Sequoyah (aka George Gist)", a North Georgia Notable](http://ngeorgia.com/ang/Sequoyah(a.k.a_George_Gist)) 
* The Cherokee Nation Official Website
* "The Official Cherokee Font"  at the Cherokee Nation Official Website
*
Garuda Indonesia

**PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk** (), known as **Garuda Indonesia**, is the flag carrier of Indonesia. It is named after the mythical giant bird Garuda of Indonesian and Buddhist mythology. Garuda Indonesia is based in Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, near Jakarta.

## Gallery

File:Garuda Indonesian Airways McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 Gilliand.jpg|A Garuda jet in 1975.
File:Garuda Indonesia 737-800 old livery.jpg|A Garuda Boeing 737-800 at Semarang.
File:Garuda Indonesia Boeing 747-400 PK-GSI NRT 2005-3-10.png|A Garuda Indonesia Boeing 747.
File:Garuda Indonesia Meal Business Class.JPG|Airplane food on Garuda.

## References
Kalix BF

**Kalix BF** is a bandy club in Kalix in Sweden, founded on 2 May 1990. The club has been playing in Swedish bandy, top division Elitserien, in the 2011–12 season and then again in the 2013–14 season.

Supporters of the club often refer to it as *KB*. The club was founded as *Kalix Nyborg BK*, by merging the bandy sections of the clubs Nyborgs SK, who later has restarted a bandy section of its own, and IFK Kalix. The name "Kalix BF" was adopted on 20 June 2001.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website
Juan Carlos Varela

**Juan Carlos Varela** (; born 13 December 1963) is a Panamanian politician. On July 1, 2014, he became president of the Republic of Panama.

## References
Aldo Rossi

**Aldo Rossi** (May 3, 1931 – September 4, 1997) was an Italian architect.

In 1990, Rossi won the Pritzker Prize. He died in a car accident in Milan.

## References
## Other websites 
* Aldo Rossi Foundation
Air China

**Air China Limited** (, colloquially known as 国航/國航, is the flag carrier of the People's Republic of China, based in Shunyi District, Beijing. Air China's flight operations are in Beijing Capital International Airport.

## Fleet
*Airbus A319
*Airbus A320
*Airbus A320neo
*Airbus A321
*Airbus A321neo
*Airbus A330-200
*Airbus A330-300
*Airbus A350-900
*Boeing 737-700
*Boeing 737-800
*Boeing 737 MAX 8
*Boeing 747-400
*Boeing 747-8i
*Boeing 777-300er
*Boeing 787-8
*Boeing 787-9
*Comac C909
*Comac C919

## References
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport

**Soekarno–Hatta International Airport** () , abbreviated SHIA, is an airport in Indonesia. It is one of two airports in the Greater Jakarta area and serves international flights.

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger terminals
 Boeing 747-400 at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport]]

### Cargo
## References
Emirates

**Emirates** may refer to: 

* United Arab Emirates, a Middle Eastern country
* Emirate, any Islamic territory ruled by an emir
* The Emirates Group, a holding company in the United Arab Emirates
** Emirates (airline), an airline subsidiary of The Emirates Group
* Emirates Stadium, an association football stadium in London
* Emirates Cup, a football tournament held at Arsenal's Emirates Stadium
* Emirates Stakes, a horserace held as part of the Melbourne Cup Carnival
* Emirates Park Towers Hotel & Spa, a twin-tower complex under construction in Dubai
* Emirates Air Line (cable car), a cable car system over the River Thames in London, UK
* Emirates Foundation, an Abu Dhabi-based foundation (charity) established by Amiri decree
* Emirates Club, an association football club in the city of Ras al-Khaimah
* Emirates Club Stadium, a stadium in Ras al-Khaimah
* Emirates Scout Association, the national Scouting organization of the United Arab Emirates
* Emirates Hills, a gated community in Dubai
* Emirates Crown, a 63-floor residential tower in the Dubai Marina in Dubai
* Emirates Towers, a complex containing the Emirates Office Tower and Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel skyscrapers
** Emirates Office Tower, a 54-floor office building along Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai
** Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel, a 56-floor hotel tower along Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai 
* E 311 road, formerly known as "Emirates Road", a road extending between Dubai and Ras al-Khaimah
* Emirates Palace, a luxury hotel in Abu Dhabi
Azerbaijan Airlines

**"Azərbaycan Hava Yolları"** ("Azərbaycan Hava Yolları" QSC), **Azerbaijan Airlines** (**AZAL**, Azeri: Azərbaycan Hava Yolları), is the flag carrier of Azerbaijan, based in Baku. Its main base is Heydar Aliyev International Airport in Baku. It is a joint-stock company (JSC).

## Other websites
*
Marlon Wayans

**Marlon Lamont Wayans** (born July 23, 1972) is an American actor, producer, comedian, writer, and director. He is known for his roles in *The Wayans Bros.*,  *Scary Movie*, *White Chicks*, *Requiem for a Dream*, *Little Man*, and in *A Haunted House*.

Wayans was born in New York City.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Andries Putter

Vice Admiral **Andries Petrus Putter** SSAS SD MMM (2 December 1935 - 17 July 2014) was a South African military commander. He served as Chief of the South African Navy twice, first from 1982 to 1985 and again from 1989 to 1990.

He was born in Brits in 1935.

He joined the Navy in 1960 after a career in the Merchant Navy. In 1969 he commanded the SAS *Port Elizabeth* and became Senior Officer of the Minesweeper Flotilla. In 1982 he was appointed Chief of Naval Staff and in 1985 as the Chief of the Navy. He later served as Chief of Defence Intelligence.

Putter died in Johannesburg, South Africa from kidney failure, aged 78.

## References
Shuba Jay

**Shubashini Jeyaratnam** (15 July 1976 &ndash; 17 July 2014), better known her by stage name **Shuba Jay**, was a Malaysian actress. She started acting in 2001. On television, she was best known for her role in shows such as *Spanar Jaya*, *Gadis 3* and *Sugumana Sumaigal*. While her movie roles were *Relationship Status* (2012) and *Tokak* (2013).

Jay was born on 15 July 1976. She was married to Dutchman Paul Goes. They had a daughter, Kaela Maya Jay Goes, who was born in 2012 via a natural birth at home.

Jay and her family were on board the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 when it was shot down on 17 July 2014, killing all people on board. She was 38. The flight was meant to go from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur but was shot down near  Hrabove, Ukraine. She and her daughter were among the 43 Malaysian and her husband was among the 193 Dutch citizens killed.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Paul M. Fleiss

**Paul Murray Fleiss**, M.D. (September 8, 1933  – July 19, 2014) was an American pediatrician and author. He was known for his unconventional medical views. He was the father of television personality and former madam Heidi Fleiss. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Fleiss, who was of Jewish descent, died in Los Angeles, California from respiratory failure, aged 80.

## References
Hans Funck

**Hans Funck** (7 March 1953 &ndash; 16 July 2014) was a German movie editor. He started his career in 1996. His best known works were *Das Experiment* (2001), *Downfall* (2004) and *Diana* (2013). He worked with German movie director Oliver Hirschbiegel many times.

Funck died from an asthma attack on 16 July 2014 at his apartment in Munich, Bavaria. He was 61.

## References
## Other websites
*
Yehuda Nir

**Yehuda Nir** (31 March 1930 &ndash; 19 July 2014) was an Polish-born American psychiatrist. He was known for surviving the Holocaust. Nir served as a chief of child psychiatry at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1979 to 1986. He was born in Lvov, Poland.

Nir died in Manhattan, New York, aged 84.

## References
Pim de Kuijer

**Pim de Kuijer Wilhelm Leonard** (August 13, 1981 – July 17, 2014) was a Dutch columnist and lobbyist. He worked as a lobbyist for the organization STOP AIDS NOW!.

Kuijer was with dozens of others on their way to an international AIDS conference in Melbourne, when the plane he was on Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 over Ukraine was shot down, aged 31.

## References
Vilma Ferrán

**Vilma Ferrán** (30 October 1940 &ndash; 14 July 2014) was Argentine movie and television actress. She was known for her roles in *Animalada* and in *Dormir al sol.2*. She was also known for her television roles in *Son de Fierro* and in *Casi ángeles*. She was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Ferrán died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, aged 73.

## References
## Other websites
*
Roberto Carnaghi

**Roberto Luis Carnaghi Fernández** (born May 13, 1938) is an Argentine actor. He has appeared in 44 movie, about 60 plays, more than 50 television programmes, and nearly 100 advertisements. He is known for his works with Tato Bores, an Argentine comedian.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tangerang

**Tangerang** is a city in Banten, Indonesia. It is located 25&nbsp;km west of Jakarta. It is the sixth largest city in the nation. It has an area of 164.54&nbsp;km² and an population of 1,797,715 (2010),  increasing to 2,001,925 as at 2014 It is the eighth most populated suburb in the world. The Soekarno-Hatta International Airport which serves Greater Jakarta is in the city. In 2021, 49 people were killed in a prison fire.

## References
Aldo Vannucchi

**Aldo Vannucchi** (born 24 September 1928) is an educator from Sorocaba, Brazil. He is a former rector of the University of Sorocaba UNISO. He is Master of Science in theology and Philosophy, with several specialized courses at universities in Rome, Geneva and Louvain in Belgium. Vanucchi was also chosen by the minister of Education to form the National Council of Education in Brazil.

## References
## Other websites
* Interview with Aldo Vannuchi (in portuguese)
Andreas Biermann

**Andreas Biermann**  (13 September 1980 &ndash; 18 July 2014) was a German footballer. He played as a defender. He played from 1999 until his death in 2014. The last team he played for was FSV Spandauer Kickers.

Biermann was born in West Berlin. He was married and had two children.

Biermann killed himself on 18 July 2014 in Berlin, aged 33. He had depression for many years. He was known to have tried to kill himself three times.

## References
## Other websites
* Andreas Biermann at Transfermarkt
*
Leave a Mark

***Leave a Mark*** is the fifth studio album by American country music artist John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on May 5, 1998.

## Performance
## References
Wavefunction collapse

When a scientific experiment is done properly, it will give a measurable result.  At each moment, the system (experiment) will be in one of several possible states. At the end, the experiment will be in a final state. At each point in time, the state of the system can be  measured. 

Experiments done in quantum mechanics work the same way. The difference to classical mechanics is that at each point in time, several states are superposed (overlapping) to describe the state the experiment is in. These states are called eigenstates. In the same way as with classical mechanics, if a measurement is done, there is a single result. This result is the eigenvalue of one of the eigenstates. This means that measurement will reduce the several possible states to a single state by adding them together. After the measurement, the system will be in the state that was measured. In the Copenhagen interpretation, this reduction is known as **wavefunction collapse**.  Collapse is one of two processes by which quantum systems evolve in time. The other is continuous evolution via the Schrödinger equation.

Werner Heisenberg was among the first to explain this situation, in a paper published in 1927. This result is controversial. Erwin Schrödinger used the thought experiment Schrödinger's cat to show this controversy.

## References
Gulf of Naples

, with Mount Vesuvius on the horizon.]]

 of the Gulf of Naples with the Phlegraean Fields and Mount Vesuvius]]

The **Gulf of Naples** (Italian: *Golfo di Napoli*) is on the south-western coast of Italy. Also called the **Bay of Naples**, it is a c. gulf in the  province of Naples, Campania region. 

The bay opens to the west into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered on the north by Naples, Pozzuoli and the Phlegraean Fields, on the east by Mount Vesuvius, and on the south by Sorrento and the Sorrentine Peninsula. The Peninsula separates the Gulf of Naples from the Gulf of Salerno, which includes the Amalfi coast.

The islands of Capri, Ischia and Procida are in the Gulf of Naples. The area is a tourist destination, with the seaside Roman ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum at the foot of Mount Vesuvius. These towns were covered with volcanic ash in the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius.

Fin whales can sometimes be seen in Gulf of Pozzuoli.

## References
Null vector

A **null vector** is a special vector, which is the identity element for the addition of vectors, in a given vector space. As an example, the null vector of n-dimensional coordinate space is a vector whose components are all 0. It is often denoted by the symbol \mathbf{0} (which distinguishes it from the number 0). 

Null vectors are used to define key concepts of linear algebra, such as linear independence, basis and kernel. They are used to solve linear equations as well.

## Related pages 
* Zero

## References
The Maritimes

, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island]]
**The Maritimes**, or the **Maritime Provinces**, is a region of Eastern Canada with three provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. They, along with Newfoundland and Labrador, form Atlantic Canada.

Some people have proposed merging all three provinces into a single province, called the Maritime Union.

England, Scotland, and France settled the area in the 17th century. After the 18th-century French and Indian War, the British ruled the entire area.

The Charlottetown Conference was held in 1864 in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. It had the various colonies of British North America decide to join and form the Canadian Confederation.

## References
Kuala Lumpur International Airport

**Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA)**  is Malaysia's main international airport and a Southeast Asian airport. It costed US$3.5 billions to build.  It is in Sepang district of Selangor. It is located approximately  from Kuala Lumpur and serves the Greater Klang Valley conurbation.

It is the major hub of Malaysia Airlines, MASkargo, AirAsia, AirAsia X, Malindo Air and Department of Civil Aviation (DCA).

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger
### Cargo
## References
Ellesmere Island Volcanics

The **Ellesmere Island Volcanics** is a  group of extinct volcanoes and lava flows on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. It formed during the Cretaceous Period. This province is the northernmost volcanoism on Earth.

it is part of the Arctic Cordillera.
Elizabeth, New Jersey

, Honolulu Museum of Art]]
**Elizabeth** is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total population of 137,298. It is New Jersey's fourth largest city. In 2008, Elizabeth was named one of "America's 50 Greenest Cities" by *Popular Science* magazine, the only city in New Jersey selected. The Elizabeth River runs into Newark Bay in Elizabeth.

## History 
Elizabeth was founded in 1665 by English settlers and originally called "**Elizabethtown**". It was part of the Elizabethtown Tract. The town was named for Elizabeth, wife of governor George Carteret.  The town served as the first capital of New Jersey.  During the American Revolutionary War, there were over a hundred battles and skirmishes fought in and around Elizabeth.

On March 13, 1855, the City of Elizabeth was created by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature. On March 19, 1857, the city became part of the newly created Union County. Portions of the city were taken to form Linden Township on March 4, 1861.

The Singer Sewing Machine Company was the first major industry in Elizabeth.  They had up to 2,000 workers.  In 1895, one of the first car companies opened.  This was the Electric Carriage and Wagon Company.  They were soon joined by another electric car builder, Andrew L. Riker.  The Electric Boat Company got its start building submarines for the United States Navy in Elizabeth.  The first boat to launch was the USS *Holland* (SS-1) in 1897.  Elizabeth grew in parallel to the larger city of Newark for many years.  But Elizabeth has been more successful in retaining a middle class presence and was spared riots in the 1960s.

## References
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House

The **Battle of Spotsylvania Court House** was part of the Overland Campaign of the American Civil War.  It was fought from May 8 to May 21, 1864. After the Battle of the Wilderness, Union commander Ulysses S. Grant decided to march south to get between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As part of the Union plans, they had to capture the important crossroads of Spotsylvania Court House. But Confederate cavalry arrived there first, followed by Confederate infantry.

Part of the Confederate line bulged outward; this part was soon called the "Mule Shoe". On May 12, Grant attacked the Mule Shoe with several thousand men. The Union attack captured part of the Confederate line but Confederate commander Robert E. Lee sent reinforcements to counterattack. The fighting lasted all day at the Mule Shoe. By the end of the day, an oak tree almost two feet wide was completely severed by all the rifle fire.

The battle continued until May 21st. Grant then decided that he could not defeat Lee at Spotsylvania, so he ordered the Union army to move southward.

## References
Bueninvento

***Bueninvento*** ("Goodinvention") is the second studio album by Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas in 2000. The album was nominated for Latin Grammy Award for Best Rock Solo Vocal Album. It was named the 4th best album of the 2000s decade by Latin music website Club Fonograma.

## Track listing
**^** Associate producer

## Singles
*Sería Feliz
*Hoy No Quiero

## Personnel 
* Julieta Venegas -  Vocals, keyboards, accordion, piano, guitar (acustic), guitar (electric), drum programming, wurlitzer, composer
* Quique Rangel - Producer, guitar, contrabass
* Emmanuel Del Real - Producer, twelve-string guitar
* Gustavo Santaolalla -  Producer, guitar, ronroco
* Rick Boston - Bass
* Fernando Saunders - Bass
* Ernesto Martinez - Bass
* Joe Gore - Guitar (electric), guitar (acustic), Mandolin electric
* Álvaro Enríquez - Guitar
* Juan Manuel Ledezna - Guitar
* Luis Alberto Ledezna - Drum kit
* Curt Bisquera - Drum kit

* Michito Sánchez - Percussions
* Luis Conte - Percussions
* Javier Casalla - Violin
* Frankie Blue - Programming
* Joey Waronker - Drums kit, electric percussion
* Mitch Mannon - Trumpet
* Kim Bullard - Hammond b-3
* Toy Hernandéz - Programming
* Claudio Tarris - Viola
* Novi Novog - Viola
* Patrick Shavellin - Programming
* Steven Berlin - Midin mix, Tenor saxophone, Flute

### Production
* Producers: Gustavo Santaolalla, Emmanuel Del Real
* Co-producer: Anibal Kerpel
* Engineers: Joe Chiccarelli, Daniel Méndez, Partick Shavelin, Anibal Kerpel, Emmanuel Del Real, Quique Rangel, Luis Roman, Antonio Hernandéz, Carlos Arredondo, Ricardo Haas
* Mixing: Joe Chiccarelli
* Assistant mixing: Patrick Shevelin, Travils Smith, Jordan Scher, eric Geverlik, Edgar Hernandéz "Chicaras", Carlos Arredondo

* Pro tools production: Daniel Méndez
* Mastering: Tom Baker
* Art direction: Adrián Posse
* Photography: Mariana Yazbek, Tomas Casademust, Fernando Velazco
* Photography: Marcela Guadiana

## Awards and nominations 
*Latin Grammy

## References
NGC 2207 and IC 2163

(HST) image of NGC 2207 and IC 2163.]]

**NGC 2207** and **IC 2163** are a pair of  spiral galaxies about 80 million light-years away in the constellation Canis Major. Both galaxies were discovered by John Herschel in 1835. 

So far four supernovae have been observed in NGC 2207. 

NGC 2207 is in the process of stripping IC 2163 of stars and material.

## Merging galaxies 
NGC 2207 is in the process of colliding and merging with IC 2163. But unlike the Antennae or the Mice galaxies, they are still two separate spiral galaxies. They are only in the first step of colliding and merging. Soon they will collide, probably looking a bit more like the Mice Galaxies. In about a billion years time they are expected to merge and become an elliptical galaxy.

## References
Baron Waqa

**Baron Waqa** (born December 31, 1959) is a politician from Nauru. On 11 July 2013, he became president of Nauru.

## References
Battle of Yellow Tavern

The **Battle of Yellow Tavern** was part of the Overland Campaign of the American Civil War. It was fought on May 11, 1864 in Henrico County, Virginia. Major General Philip Sheridan, who commanded the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac, wanted to launch a raid behind the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. He thought he could keep supplies from reaching the Confederates and defeat the Confederate cavalry, commanded by Major General J.E.B. Stuart.

## Battle 
Sheridan started his raid on May 9. Stuart started after him right away. On May 11, they fought on May 11 at Yellow Tavern, six miles north of Richmond. The Confederates defeated several Union attacks. But in the afternoon, General George A. Custer's Michigan Brigade broke through the Confederate center. Near the end of the battle Stuart was mortally wounded by one of Custer's men and died the next day. The Confederates then retreated from the battlefield. The battle, except for Stuart's death, was not of much note.  There were a total of about 800 .

## References
List of political parties in Canada

The following is a list of political parties in Canada.

## Federal parties
In Canada, the parties which run for national federal office are usually not closely connected with local povincial parties, even if they have the same name.

## Provincial and territorial parties
### Alberta
### British Columbia 
* British Columbia New Democratic Party

### Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories had political parties only from 1897 to 1905, when Alberta and Manitoba were created as provinces. Since 1951, politicians can only run as independents. Current territorial law does not recognize any political parties.

#### Historical parties 1897 &ndash; 1905
* Northwest Territories Liberal Party
* Northwest Territories Liberal-Conservative Party

### Ontario
Skye McCole Bartusiak

**Skye McCole Bartusiak** (September 28, 1992 &ndash; July 19, 2014) was an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles in the movies *The Cider House Rules* (1999), *The Patriot* (2000), *Riding in Cars with Boys* (2001) and ''Don't Say a Word* (2001). She also made many appearances on television shows such as *JAG*, *Frasier*, *Law & Order: Special Victims Unit*, *24*, *George Lopez*, *House*, *Lost* and *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation''. She was also an executive producer and director of short movies.

Bartusiak was born in Houston, Texas. Her older brother, Stephen Dylan Bartusiak, was also an actor.

Bartusiak was found dead on July 19, 2014 at her home in Houston. She was 21. Bartusiak had been suffering from epileptic seizures in the last days of her life, according to her mother.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Beijing Capital International Airport

**Beijing Capital International Airport**  is the main international airport serving Beijing. It is located in the Chaoyang District.

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger
### Cargo
## References
Op art

, Hungary.]]

 which features optical effects]]

**Op art** is a style of painting which makes use of optical illusions and other kinds of unusual optical effects. Enkhbazar a Mongolian artist, was perhaps the first to use this theme regularly, in the 2014s. In the 2016s, Jargalbat became one of the world's best-known op artists. He specialised in the effects produced by closely fitted lines. Jesús Rafael Soto used mobile elements, so connecting op art with kinetic (moving) structures. The psychologist Enkhtuvshin spent much of his career studying why the mind saw illusions.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Dybamo, Grand Palais, Paris 
* Geoform
* Abstract Visionary Art - Op Art Gallery
Qikiqtaaluk Region

**Qikiqtaaluk Region** or **Baffin Region** is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. Qikiqtaaluk is the traditional Inuktitut name for Baffin Island. While "Qikiqtaaluk Region" is the official name, some public organizations like Statistics Canada and Nunavut Tourism prefer to use "Baffin Region". The region covers the northeastearn and eastern parts of Nunavut.

The region consists of Baffin Island, the Belcher Islands, Akimiski Island, Mansel Island, Prince Charles Island, Bylot Island, Devon Island, Cornwallis Island, Bathurst Island, Amund Ringnes Island, Ellef Ringnes Island, Axel Heiberg Island, Ellesmere Island, the Melville Peninsula, the eastern part of Melville Island, and the northern parts of Prince of Wales Island, and Somerset Island, along with some smaller islands.

The regional seat and largest city is Iqaluit. According to the Canada 2021 Census, 19,355 people lived in the region.

National parks in the region include Auyuittuq National Park, Sirmilik National Park, and Bowman Bay Wildlife Sanctuary.

## Related pages
* Ellesmere Island Volcanics

## References
Senate of Canada

The **Senate of Canada** is the upper house of the Parliament of Canada. There are 105 members of the Canadian senate. They are appointed by the Governor General of Canada with the advise of the Prime Minister of Canada.

The number of senators from the different parts of Canada varies. Four regions have 24 senators each.
Carlos Balá

**Carlos Balá** (born **Carlos Salim Balaá** on August 13, 1925 in Buenos Aires – September 22, 2022) was an Argentine actor. He was known for his roles in *Canuto Cañete, conscripto del 7* (1963), *Las locuras del professor* (1979) and *Un loco en acción* (1983).

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Carlitos Balá at Montevideo.com.uy
Alberto Olmedo

**Alberto Olmedo** (Barrio Pichincha, Rosario, Santa Fe Province, August 24, 1933 – March 5, 1988) was an Argentine comedian and actor.  Popularly regarded as one of the most important comedian in the history of the show of his country, for his outstanding work in television, cinema and theater.

## Early life
Olmedo was born in the city of Rosario. In his teens, he was a gymnast and an aspiring actor. He tried his luck with several amateur theater companies and enjoyed some local success.

## Career
Olmedo moved to Buenos Aires in 1954. One year later, while working as a technician in Canal 7, Argentina's first television station, his improvisation skills caught the attention of the management, who gave him acting jobs in several TV shows.

Even though Olmedo had a string of successful children's programs during the 1960s, the peak of his abilities would arrive when given the opportunity to mix slapstick, nonsense, and adult-oriented entertainment.

## Personal life
Olmedo married and divorced twice, and had six children (including Alberto Jr.).

## Death
Olmedo died in the vacation town of Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires Province, on March 5, 1988. According to police reports, he slipped off his eleventh-floor apartment's balcony. It is believed that he tried, possibly under the influence of alcohol or cocaine, to perform a high-wire stunt on the balcony and lost his balance.

He is buried in La Chacarita Cemetery, Buenos Aires.

## Other websites
* "Official" home page  (in Spanish)
* Olmedo Bio  (in Spanish)
* 
* An exposition of Olmedo-related art
Jorge Porcel

**Jorge Raúl Porcel de Peralta** (; September 7, 1936 – May 16, 2006) was an Argentine comedian, actor and television host. He was nicknamed *El Gordo de América* (''America's Fat Guy''). Porcel is considered, along with Alberto Olmedo, one of Argentina's greatest comic actors of the twentieth century.

## Other websites
* 
* Obituary  at Canada.com
José Marrone

**José Carlos Marrone** (October 25, 1915 in Buenos Aires – June 27, 1990 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine actor and comedian.

## Early life
Marrone was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

## Career
His career began when he performed as a vaudeville in theaters and the radio. He hosted several children-oriented TV shows, such as "El Circo de Marrone"  (Marrone's Circus), playing the clown character *Pepitito*. His recurring catchphrase was 
*Cheee!*.

## Personal life
He married twice and had a daughter, "Coqui", with his first wife, Rosa. Still married, Marrone fell in love with Juanita Martínez, but they waited to get together until Rosa died. 

## Death
Marrone died in Buenos Aires, Argentina from a heart attack, aged 74.

In 2001, a decade after Marrone's death, Juanita committed suicide, and her body was found with a picture of Marrone in her hands.

## Other websites
*
Kadhal Dhandapani

**Kadhal Dhandapani** (c. 1943 &ndash; 20 July 2014) was an Indian movie actor, He appears in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam movie. He was known for his role in Balaji Sakthivel's *Kaadhal* (2004). 

Dhandapani died on 20 July 2014 following a cardiac arrest, aged 71.

## Death
Dhandapani suffered a cardiac arrest and died on 20 July 2014 at the age of 71.He is survived by his 3 Sons (Vimaladhithan, Lenin, Kumar), 1 Daughter (Rajeswari) & 8 Grandchildren (Prakash, Dhilip, Balaji, Raagavi, Priya, Yashmitha, Novidha, Rithika).His wife Aruna died on March 29, 2011.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dev Anand

**Dharam Devdutt Pishorimal Anand** (26 September 1923 – 3 December 2011), better known as **Dev Anand**, was an Indian movie actor, screenwriter, director and producer. He is known for his work in Hindi cinema. Anand was known for his roles in *C.I.D.*, *Nau Do Gyarah*, *Guide*, and in the *Jewel Thief*.

Anand died in his hotel room in London at the age of 88 on 3 December 2011 from cardiac arrest.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
*
* 
* RIP Dev Anand – Bollywood Mourns Dev Anand’s Death 
* List of Dev Anand songs
* 
* The Telegraph – Dev Anand Bio and Obituary
Martin Heinrich

**Martin Trevor Heinrich** (born October 17, 1971) is an American politician. He is the senior United States Senator for New Mexico. He was in office since 2013. From 2009 to 2013 Heinrich was the U.S. Representative for . He is a member of the Democratic Party.

## References
The Runaways (movie)

***The Runaways*** is a 2010 biographical movie. Dakota Fanning plays Cherie Currie. Kristen Stewart plays the singer Joan Jett. This movie is about the 1970s all-girl rock group called The Runaways. It begins around 1975.

*The Runaways* got mostly positive review by critics. It was released on March 19, 2010.
Álex Angulo

**Alejandro "Álex" Angulo León** (12 April 1953 – 20 July 2014) was a Spanish actor. He was born in Erandio. He performed in over sixty movies during his career. He was an actor for more than 30 years. He was known for his role as Doctor Ferreiro in ''Pan's Labyrinth''. 

He died in Fuenmayor at the age of 61 when the vehicle in which he was travelling veered from the road.

## References
Lluís Homar

**Lluís Homar i Toboso** (born April 20, 1957) is a Spanish actor and theater director from Barcelona. He is known for his roles in *Bad Education* (2004) and *Broken Embraces* (2009).

## References
## Other websites
*
Federico Luppi

**Federico Luppi** (; February 23, 1936, in Ramallo, Buenos Aires Province &ndash; October 20, 2017 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine-Spanish movie, television, radio and theatre actor. He is known for his roles in *Men with Guns*, *Cronos*, ''The Devil's Backbone*, *Pan's Labyrinth*, and *Los pasos perdidos''.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Federico Luppi  at Allmovie
* Federico Luppi – Interview to Diagonal
Resultant force

A **resultant force**, also called a **net force**, is a force equal to the sum of all forces applied to an object.

If 30N and 60N are applied to the right, then the resultant force is 90N to the right. If 40N is applied to the left and 30N applied to the right, the resultant force is 10N to the left as the force is bigger or heavier on the left. Note that "N" is an abbreviation of "Newton", which is a unit of force.

## References
List of federal political parties in Canada

The following is a list of political parties which run for national federal office in Canada.

## House of Commons
## Other parties
Other parties registered with Elections Canada
* Animal Alliance Environment Voters Party of Canada (founded in 2005) - environmentalist, animal liberationist
* Canadian Action Party (founded in 1997) - populist, anti-globalization
* Christian Heritage Party of Canada (founded in 1987) - social conservative
* Communist Party of Canada (founded in 1921) - communist
* Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (founded in 1970) - Marxist-Leninist
* Libertarian Party of Canada (founded in 1975) - right-libertarian
* Marijuana Party of Canada (founded in 2000) - pro-cannabis legalization
* Rhinoceros Party (founded in 2006) - satirical party
* Party for Accountability, Competency and Transparency (founded in 2010) - direct democracy
* Pirate Party of Canada (founded in 2009) copyright reform, privacy, network neutrality, open government
* Progressive Canadian Party (founded in 2004) - progressive conservative, Red Tory
*  United Party of Canada (founded in 2009) - centrist

## Unregistered parties that have been active in recent years 
* Western Block Party (founded in 2005) - western separatist and paleoconservative/libertarian conservative
* First Peoples National Party of Canada (founded in 2005) - Aboriginal rights advocacy
* Freedom Party of Canada (founded in 2001)
* Nationalist Party of Canada (founded in 1977)
* National-Socialist Party of Canada (founded in 2006)
* Newfoundland and Labrador First Party (founded in 2007) - Newfoundland and Labrador advocacy
* People's Political Power of Canada (founded in 2006)- feminist, centrist, populist
* Work Less Party (founded in 2007) - Labour rights
* Natural Law Party of Canada (founded in 1992)

## Notes
Ingvar Kamprad

**Feodor Ingvar Kamprad** (; 30 March 1926 &ndash; 27 January 2018) was a Swedish business magnate. He was the founder of IKEA, a Swedish retail company specialising in furniture.

Kamprad died on 27 January 2018 in Småland, Sweden of pneumonia at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*Kamprad topic page at Bloomberg.com
*Ingvar Kamprad: IKEA Founder and One of the World's Richest People  (About.com Entrepreneurs)
Mice galaxies

The **Mice galaxies** (**NGC 4676**) are two spiral galaxies in the constellation Coma Berenices. About 290 million light-years away, we see them as they began to collide and merge. Their name refers to the long tails produced by tidal action, which is the relative difference between gravitational pulls on the near and far parts of each galaxy. They are members of the Coma cluster, so the galaxies may have collided before, and will continue colliding until they merge. 

The galaxies were photographed in 2002 by the Hubble Space Telescope.

## References
Tom Udall

**Thomas Stewart "Tom" Udall** (born May 18, 1948) is an American politician. Udall is the United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa since 2021. He was the United States Senator from New Mexico from 2009 to 2021 and a member of the Democratic Party. First elected to the Senate in 2008, he represented  as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2009. He was the Attorney General of New Mexico from 1991 to 1999.

On March 25, 2019, Udall announced that he would not run for re-election in 2020.

On July 16, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Udall to serve as United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. Udall was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote on October 26, 2021.

## References
John Fasano

**John Fasano** (August 24, 1961 &ndash; July 19, 2014) was an American movie director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He was best known for co-writing *Another 48 Hrs.* (1990), starring Eddie Murphy and Nick Nolte. He also was the director of the Canadian horror movie ''Rock 'n' Roll Nightmare'' (1987).

Fasano was born in New York City, New York. He was married and had two children.

Fasano died in his sleep on July 19, 2014, aged 52.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ross Burden

**Ross Kelvin Burden** (16 December 1968 &ndash; 17 July 2014) was a New Zealand celebrity chef. In May 2006, he appeared on *The X Factor: Battle of the Stars* along with chefs Jean-Christophe Novelli, Aldo Zilli and Paul Rankin. He also judged the first season of MasterChef New Zealand in 2010. He published at least two books and wrote columns for two magazines.

Burden was born in Napier. He moved to the United Kingdom during the early 1990s.

Burden died from an infection caused by cancer treatment on 17 July 2014 in Auckland. He was 45 and had a form of leukemia.

## References
## Other websites
*
Elektra Records

**Elektra Records** (**Elektra Entertainment Group Inc.**) is an American major record label. It is owned by Warner Music Group. Elektra Records was founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt in Holzman's St. John's College dorm room. It was combined with WMG's Atlantic Records Group in 2004. After 5 years of being inactive, Atlantic Records Group announced that they were reviving the Elektra as an independent entity within Warner Music on June 1, 2009.

In September 1994, Elektra Records was sued by heavy metal band Metallica so that they could terminate their contract with the label and gain ownership of their master recordings. In January, Metallica and Elektra announced that they settled their suit, and even though a non-disclosure agreement had kept the terms secret, media sources claimed that "a significant increase in royalty payments to the band as well as a renegotiation of the group's recording contract were key factors in Metallica and Elektra coming to terms."

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Octopus card

ticket gate]]
 restaurant in Central]]
The **Octopus card** is a reusable contactless stored value smart card for making electronic payments in Hong Kong. Started in September 1997 to collect fares for the MTR, the Octopus card system is the second contactless smart card system in the world, after the Korean Upass, and has been widely used  for all public transport in Hong Kong. It led to the development of Oyster card in London.

## Term 
*Baat Daaht Tùng* (Cantonese Pronunciation) translates  as "eight-arrived pass" (in Chinese it was accepted as "go-everywhere pass"), where *Baat Daaht* may translate as "reaching everywhere". It was selected by the head of the MTR, the parent company of Octopus Cards Limited, in a naming competition held in 1996.

## Related pages 
* MTR

## References
## Other websites 
* Official home page
*
It Must Have Been Love

"**It Must Have Been Love**" is a song by Roxette. It was released in 1987 and again in 1990. This song reached #1 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 in June 1990. The song is about a breakup on a day in winter. 

The song was re-released in September 1993.
Fagerhult

**Fagerhult** is a locality in Habo Municipality in Jönköping County, Sweden. In 2010, 316 people lived there.

## References
Baskarp

**Baskarp** is a minor locality in Habo Municipality, in the county of Jönköping in Sweden. In 2010, 79 people lived there.

## References
Victor G. Atiyeh

**Victor George "Vic" Atiyeh** (February 20, 1923 &ndash; July 20, 2014) was an American politician. He was the 32nd Governor of Oregon from 1979 until 1987. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was the first elected governor of Arab descent in the United States. He was re-elected against future governor Ted Kulongoski with 61.6 percent of the vote in 1982, the biggest margin in 32 years.

Atiyeh was born in Portland, Oregon. His father was a Syrian immigrant. He was married and had two children.

Atiyeh died from renal failure caused by a fall on July 20, 2014 in Beaverton, Oregon. He was 91.

## References
## Other websites
* Records of Governor Victor G. Atiyeh's Administration in Oregon Governor's Records Guide (January 8, 1979 &ndash; January 12, 1987) from the Oregon State Archives
* Biography on Oregon Historical Society website
* Victor Atiyeh Collection  of personal papers, Pacific University
Ted Kulongoski

**Theodore R. "Ted" Kulongoski** ( ; born November 5, 1940) is an American politician. He was the 36th Governor of Oregon from 2003 to 2011. He is a Democrat.

## References
Stay (Rihanna song)

"**Stay**" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna. It is from her seventh studio album, *Unapologetic* (2012). American songwriter Mikky Ekko sings on the song. "Stay" is a midtempo ballad. In the lyrics, a woman asks her lover to remain with her, despite her feelings about him.  The song's instruments consist mainly of a piano and cymbal crashes.

The song reached number three on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 chart.  It reached the top five in the United Kingdom and also was number one on the charts in Canada.  On June 30, 2015, the song was certified six-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for selling over six million downloads in the United States alone.  "Stay" was the thirteenth-most successful song of 2013 in the United States, according to *Billboard*.

## References
Rome, Georgia

**Rome** is a city and county seat in Floyd County, Georgia, United States. As of 2020, the population is 37,713.  

## References
Greenville, Florida

**Greenville** is a small town in Madison County, Florida, United States. The population was 746 at the 2020 census. It is the hometown of legendary singer Ray Charles.

## References
Scattering

When radiation hits something it may be sent off in many directions.  This is **scattering** and is distinct from absorption, reflection, and refraction.  Kinds of scattering include: 

* Mie scattering 
* Rayleigh scattering 
* Compton scattering 
* Tyndall effect
* Thomson scattering
Kevin Skinner (rugby union)

**Kevin Lawrence Skinner** (24 November 1927 – 21 July 2014) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He was born in Dunedin. He won 20 full caps for the All Blacks, two of them as captain. He was also a heavyweight boxer, winning the New Zealand championship in 1947.

Skinner died in Auckland on 21 July 2014, aged 86.

## References
Annabelle (movie)

***Annabelle*** is a 2014 American supernatural horror movie. It was directed by John R. Leonetti and written by Gary Dauberman. It is a prequel of *The Conjuring*. It is set in 1967 in Santa Monica, California. It stars Annabelle Wallis, Ward Horton, Tony Amendola, and Alfre Woodard. The movie was released worldwide on October 3, 2014.

## Other websites
*
Breast augmentation

**Breast augmentation** is a surgical procedure used to increase the size of the breasts.

Usually, implants are used, but another technique called fat grafting is sometimes used. The size increase can be as small as one cup size, or as large as 10 cup sizes or more.

The larger the increase, the greater the risk of complications. Complications may include leaking of the implants, which may require the implants to be replaced. With larger breasts the whole weight balance of the body is changed, which may cause stress to the muscular and skeletal systems.

A surgical implant is either an implant filled with saline-solution, or an implant filled with silicone-gel. The fat-graft transfer uses grafts of adipose fat tissue from the woman's own body. A full assessment of this method is not yet available. The method does not allow for the huge size increase possible with implants, and slim women may not have enough fat tissue to allow the method to be used.

Sometimes the method is used to correct issues, or to replace a breast after amputation.

## Methods 
### Silicone and saline implants 
Implants are inserted into the breast and filled with silicone or a saline solution. This is the most common method of augmentation.

### Polypropylene string implants 
Yarn-like polypropylene string is inserted into the breast, where it irritates the breast, causing it to fill with fluid. Polypropylene string produces very large size increases, often well over 20 cup sizes. It has a very high complication rate and is now banned in the United States and many other countries.

### Fat grafting 
Fat is removed with liposuction from an area of the body where it is not desirable. The fat is then cleaned and injected into the breast.

## References
Justine Greening

**Justine Greening** is a British politician. She is a member of the Conservative Party. 

Greening was Secretary of State for Education from July 2016 to January 2018, and an MP from 2005 to 2018.

Justine Greening resigned from her position as Education Secretary and Minister for Women and Equalities in the January 2018 Cabinet reshuffle. On 3 September 2019, she announced that she would not seek re-election as an MP in the next general election. Later that day, she was one of 21 Conservative MPs who had the party whip withdrawn after voting against Boris Johnson's government on Brexit. She served as an independent MP until Parliament was dissolved for the December 2019 general election.

## References
## Other websites 
* Message from Justine Greening
Lynda Patterson

**Lynda Jane Patterson** (6 February 1974 &ndash; 20 July 2014) was a New Zealand Anglican priest and educator. She was the 13th dean of ChristChurch Cathedral in Christchurch from 2013 until her death in 2014. She was the first woman to hold that position.

Patterson was born in Northern Ireland. She taught at Mansfield College at the University of Oxford. After visiting New Zealand in 2002, she began to live there. She was first living in Auckland where she learned Māori. She also studied for the ministry.

Patterson died from natural causes on 20 July 2014 in Christchurch, aged 40.

## References