open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Pinckney's Treaty

'''Pinckney's Treaty** is a treaty between Spain and the United States. It is also known as **Treaty of San Lorenzo** or **Treaty of Madrid'''. 

It defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies. It also guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. The treaty's full title is Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States. Thomas Pinckney negotiated the treaty for the United States and Don Manuel de Godoy represented Spain. Among other things, it ended the first phase of the West Florida Controversy, a dispute between the two nations over the boundaries of the Spanish colony of West Florida.

The treaty was presented to the United States Senate on February 26, 1796 and after several weeks of debate was ratified on March 7, 1796. It was ratified by Spain on April 25, 1796 and ratifications were exchanged on that date. The treaty was proclaimed on August 3, 1796.
Hefty Fine

***Hefty Fine*** is the fourth studio album by Bloodhound Gang. The album was released on September 27, 2005.

## Track listing
## References
P. W. Botha

**Peter William Botha** (12 January 1916 – 31 October 2006) was a South African politician of Dutch descent.

Botha was the last Prime Minister of South Africa. In 1984, the office was abolished. After that, he served as the first President. During his political career, he was an opponent of Black majority rule and Communism.

When he was first elected to parliament in 1948, apartheid was just created by the then Prime Minister, Daniel Francois Malan and Botha first started opposing Black majority rule. In 1982, Botha set up the Black Local Authorities Act, which gave limited township power to the Black community. In 1984, Botha set up the Tricameral Parliament, which gave limited political voice to the Coloured and Indian communities in South Africa, but still excluded the Black community. Botha continued to superficially and insincerely "reform" apartheid for the next 5 years of his leadership in order to preserve it. Botha also refused to grant South West Africa (today Namibia) independence. In 1992, there was a referendum by President F. W. de Klerk to allow Black majority rule. In that referendum, Botha campaigned for the No vote. Botha supported and defended apartheid throughout his life.

In 2006, Botha died of a heart attack, aged 90.

## References
Vipava (river)

The **Vipava** (in Slovene), **Vipacco** (in Italian) or **Vipau** (in Friulian) is a river that flows through western Slovenia and northeastern Italy.

The Battle of the Frigidus was fought in 394 near the river,  which was named *Frigidus* ('cold') by the Romans.

## Geography
The Vipava river has a length of ,  in Slovenia and  in Italy. Its drainage basin has an area of about  ( in Slovenia). in the municipality of Vipava, western Slovenia, at an altitude of .

From its source, the Vipava flows to the northwest and follows this direction through the Vipava valley. It passes through the Slovenian municipalities of Vipava, Ajdovščina, Nova Gorica, Renče–Vogrsko and Miren–Kostanjevica. Then, at an altitude of , the river crosses the border and gets into the Italian *comune* of Savogna d'Isonzo (Friuli-Venezia Giulia region) and finally joins the Soča river.

There are not important tributaries, only very small streams.

## Gallery

File:Vipava Tabor Bruecke 15092007 42.jpg|Tabor bridge across the river Vipava in Vipava.
File:Sotočje Vipave in Hublja. Confluence of rivers Vipava and Hubelj. (3282732600).jpg|Confluence of rivers Vipava and Hubelj.
File:Vipava valley from Nanos.jpg|Vipava valley from Nanos.

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Slovenia
* List of rivers of Italy

## References 
## Other websites
* A map of the Vipava . Geopedia.si online project. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
Kisan Vikas Patra

**Kisan Vikas Patra** (KVP) is a savings plan that was red on 18-Nov-2014 by the Government of India. It is to  people to  their money and not invest in fraudulent s. The plan offers current interest rate of 7.6 per cent. It doubles an investment in 113 s (9 years, 5 months).

## References
Marie Thérèse de Bourbon

**Marie Thérèse de Bourbon** (1666 – 1732) was briefly the titular (in title only) Queen consort of Poland in 1697. She was the daughter of Henri Jules, Prince of Condé and of Anne Henriette of Bavaria. As a member of France's reigning House of Bourbon, she was a Princess of the blood. She was entitled to be addressed as Her/Your Serene Highness. 

## Life
She was married to François Louis, Prince of Conti. After her husband's death, she turned her attention to the  of the Conti s. She began with the *Hôtel de Conti*. It is now called the ''Ministère de l'artisanat*, 80 rue de Lille, Paris 7e. She commissioned Robert de Cotte, *Premier Architecte du Roi*, to do the work.

Marie Thérèse died on 22 February 1732 at the *Hôtel de Conti*. Her death was probably due to the syphilis she may have  from her husband. She was buried at the *Église Saint-André des Arcs*, in *L'Isle d'Adam*.

## Issue
# Marie Anne de Bourbon (18 April 1689 - 21 March 1720) married her cousin Louis Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon but had no children.
# Unnamed child (18 November 1693 - 22 November 1693) died young.
#  Unnamed son but given the title of Prince de La Roche-sur-Yon. (1 December 1694 - 25 April 1698) died young.
# Louis Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (10 November 1695 - 4 May 1727) married Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon and had children.
# Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon (2 November 1696 – 20 November 1750) died unmarried.
# Unamed daughter known as *Mademoiselle d'Alais* (19 November 1697 - 13 August 1699) died young.
# Louis François de Bourbon, Count of Alais (27 July 1703 - 21 January 1704) died young.

## Titles and styles
***1 February 1666 &ndash; 22 January 1688** *Her Serene Highness* *Mademoiselle de Bourbon*
***22 January 1688 &ndash; 9 February 1709** *Her Serene Highness* The Princess of Conti
***9 February 1709 &ndash; 22 February 1732** *Her Serene Highness'' The Dowager Princess of Conti

## References 
## Other websites
* Marie Thérèse de Bourbon
Ghosts (board game)

***Ghosts*** (Finnish: Kummituspeli, Swedish: Spökspelet) is a board game designed by Alex Randolph for two players, released in 1982 by Milton Bradley.

## Gameplay
The game takes place on a 6×6 board representing a haunted castle. Both players are given eight ghosts, of which four are good (marked by a blue dot) and four are evil (marked by a red dot). The ghosts are assembled in two rows of four at the player's own edge of the board. At each of the four corners is an exit from the castle.

The idea of the game is that neither player knows which of the other player's ghosts are good and which are evil. Facing the front, all ghosts look the same. The dots are only on the back. The players can arrange the good and evil ghosts how they wish at the start of the game.

The game is turn-based. On his or her turn, each player moves one ghost one square, either up, down, left or right. A ghost may capture an opponent's ghost by moving to its square. Only when a ghost is captured does the opposing player know whether it is good or evil.

If a player captures all four of the opposing player's good ghosts, he or she has won the game. But if a player captures all four of the opposing player's evil ghosts, he or she has lost the game. The game can also be won by moving one of the good ghosts through one of the exits at the opposing side of the board.

The strategy of the game play involves mainly trying to guess which of the opponent's ghosts are which by their movement patterns and trying to fool the opponent with confusing movement patterns.
Capitulation of Alexandria

The **Capitulation of Alexandria** was an important event in the struggle between France and Great Britain for influence in the Middle East around 1800.

The French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was part of Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in the East. His plan was to protect French trade, undermine Britain's access to India and establish scientific enterprise in the region. His Mediterranean campaign of 1798, a series of naval engagements that included the capture of Malta, prepared the way for the attack on Egypt. In July, he defeated British and Mamluk forces at the Battle of the Pyramids and took control of Egypt. 

The British responded at the Battle of the Nile, in 1798, when the Royal Navy, under Horatio Nelson, defeated the French fleet, which was almost completely destroyed, off the coast of Egypt. That changed the balance of power between the two nations at war in the Mediterranean. 

On land in Egypt, the French were opposed by a joint force of British Army and Ottoman troops. The defeated French retreated to Alexandria, the second city of Egypt, where the British-led force surrounded them. On 30 August 1801, French General Jacques-François Menou offered to surrender and proposed terms. The terms were adjusted and then agreed. The event and the treaty is known as the Capitulation of Alexandria.

The articles of the treaty included this:
:"the Arabian manuscripts, the statues, and the other collections which have been made for the French Republic, shall be considered as public property, and subject to the disposal of the generals of the combined army". 

That gave Britain control of the Rosetta Stone and other Egyptian antiquities which had been collected by the French *Commission des Sciences et des Arts* and the scholars of the ''Institut d'Égypte''.

## References
Hyades (mythology)

In Greek mythology the **Hyades** were nymphs who were responsible for letting it rain. Their number varies from originally three to fifteen. They were the daughters of Atlas, and most stories say that they were the sisters of Hyas. The main story is that Hyas was killed in a hunting accident, so the Hyades wept because of their grief. 
*Hesiod names five: Phaisyle, Koronis, Kle(e)ia, Phaio, Eudore. 
*Pherecydes of Syros names seven: Ambrosia, Eudora, Pedile, Coronis, Polyxo, Phyto, Thyone.

## References
Pisces (constellation)

**Pisces** is a constellation located on the celestial equator.

## Deep-sky objects
Deep-sky objects include
* Messier 74
* NGC 488
* NGC 520

Exoplanets include 
*Gliese 12 b, temperature c. 42 degrees Celsius, according to media (2024)
* HD 3167 b
* HD 4203 b, and c
* HD 4313 b
* HD 8574 b (Bélisama)
* HD 217107 b, and c
* HD 217786 b, and c
* HD 218566 b (Ugarit)
* γ Piscium b
* GU Piscium b
* 54 Piscium b
* WASP-76b

## References
Helix nebula

image]]The **Helix Nebula** is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Aquarius. in the New General Catalogue of 1888 it is number 7293. It is about 700 light-years away from Earth. It is also known as the **Eye of God** and **Eye of Sauron** in pop culture because it looks like an eye. 

## Central star 
One study says that the white dwarf within the Helix Nebula destroyed a Jupiter-sized planet, creating a strange X-ray signal. Another study from 2025 found from X-ray observation that the central star may be accreting the remains of that planet. This would be closer than the planet found via optical variability.

## Related pages 
* Cat's Eye Nebula

## References 
## Other websites 
* Sonification of the Helix Nebula on YouTube
Idrijca

The **Idrijca** is a river in western Slovenia that flows through the Idrija Hills and Cerkno Hills. It is a tributary of the Soča river.

The area of the upper Idrijca, from its source to the town of Idrijca (a distance of about 30 km), is part of the *Krajinski Park Zgornja Idrijca* ("Upper Idrijca Natural Park"). Here there are many karst features and an important diversity of plant species.

## Geography
The Idrijca river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

This river is one of the few places where the Marble trout (*Salmo marmoratus*) is found.

### Course
The source of the Idrijca is in *Mrzla Rupa*, part of the small village of Vojsko in the municipality of Idrija, western Slovenia,  at an altitude of .

From its source, the Idrijca flows to the southeast and then, after its confluence with the Bela river, turns to the northeast. Then, after passing through the town of Idrija, the river turns to the northwest and joins the Soča in Most na Soči, to the south of Tolmin.

The Idrijca passes through the municipalities of Idrija, Cerkno and Tolmin.

## Main tributaries 
Most of the tributaries of the Idrijca river are small stream. The most important is the Bača with a length of ; it joins the Idrijca in the village of Bača pri Modreju, in the municipality of Tolmin.

One of the tributaries is the *Jezernica* river, that is only  long and which originates from the Wild Lake ().

## Gallery

File:Idrijca4.JPG|The upper Idrijca river.
File:Klavze-Idrijca.JPG|Bridge over the Idrijca.
File:Idrijca2.JPG|Footbridge over the river.
File:Idrijca3.JPG|Swimming pool (at the confluence of the Belca)

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Slovenia

## References 
## Other websites
* A map of the Idrijca . Geopedia.si online project. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
* Condition of Idrijca  - graphs, in the following order, of water level and flow for the past 30 days (taken in Podroteja by the Slovenian Environment Agency - ARSO)
Sara Montiel

**Sara Montiel** (10 March 1928 – 8 April 2013) was a Spanish actress and singer. She played Juana Montes in *Serenade* (1956). She also played in 2004's *Bad Education*. Montiel was a prominent Spanish singer, having many albums.

Montiel was born Maria Antonia Abad in Campo de Criptana, La Mancha, Spain on 10 March 1928. At age 16 she began acting and appeared in a number of movies. In 1950 Montiel moved to Mexico where she acted and sang in several films. In 1954 she co-starred in the movie Vera Cruz with Gregory Peck and Bert Lancaster. In 1956 she appeared in Serenade with Mario Lanza and Joan Fontaine. She retired from movies in the early 1970s but still appeared on television and the Stage. In 2011 she returned to appear in the comedy movie *Abrazame*. She died on 8 April 2013 in Madrid at age eighty-five.

## References
Bogan Hunters

***Bogan Hunters*** is an Australian television show. It is a comedy and also a reality television show. It is all about three people called 'Bogan Hunters' who are looking for Australia's greatest Bogan so they can give them a prize.

## Description
The show has three main actors, Pauly, Shazza and Kev the Kiwi. These three go all over Australia meeting many Bogans. They want to find one that is much more of a Bogan than any other one they meet. They have picked eight famous people to help them find who is the greatest Bogan in Australia. The greatest Bogan will get a trophy and a Holden 'Straya' ute with beer on it, or a makeover. The show is about 2 percent jokes, but the rest is all real. The show has been very popular in both Australia and New Zealand.

## Episodes
### Series overview
### Season 1 (2014)

## DVD
The DVD goes for 244&nbsp;minutes.

## Characters
### Main
* Paul Fenech as Pauly
* Elle Dawe as Shazza
* Kevin Taumata as Kev the Kiwi
### Celebrity Judges
* Angry Anderson as himself
* Jonesy as himself
* Amarli Inez as Miss Nude Australia
* Tahir Bilgiç as himself
* Mark "Jacko" Jackson as himself
* Chris Franklin as himself
* Derek Boyer as himself
* Rob Shehadie as himself
### Other
* Davey Cooper as himself
* Jimmy Jackson as James
* June Dally-Watkins as herself
* Henry Roth as himself
* Martin Miller as Marty the Engineer
* Alex Romano as Jimmy

## References
## Other websites
* Bogan Hunters, Series 1 Raw and Uncut
* Official site 
* Facebook page
Bogan

The term **bogan** () is an Australian and New Zealander slang word. It can be used to  a person with a working class background. Or it can be someone whose speech, clothing,  and behaviour display a proud working class attitude. Sometimes the word can have a  meaning. Over the last several decades, the bogan has become a very  and well respected group. There are many local names that describe the same or similar groups of people.

## Definition
Bogans are often thought to be people who live in the outer suburbs of larger cities. They are less  on   than others. They also tend to be anti-authority, proud of their country, have home done tattoos, love classic rock, love Peter Brock, hoon around and drink a lot of alcohol. A bogan attitude is not  and is very honest. They also wear jeans and black leggings. Victorian Bogans typically wear acid wash jeans, ugg boots, and band T-shirts with mullet style haircuts. In the mid 1990s, New Zealand Bogans were typically dressed in all black. Super-taper black jeans were fairly standard and black woollen jerseys. Long fringe or long hair in general was also common.

Vehicles such as the Holden Commodore and Ford Falcon, are also common among bogans.

Bogans typically do not copy middle-class styles of taste, diet, hobbies, fashion and language. Bogans are sometimes looked down upon by some other groups. This can make the lives of disadvantaged people much tougher. In the past, bogan was a bad term. Now many take pride in being called a bogan.

## Related pages
* Bogan Hunters

## References
Kriegsmarine

The ***Kriegsmarine*** (, *War Navy*) was the Navy of Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1935 and Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It replaced the Imperial German Navy of World War I and the inter-war *Reichsmarine*. The *Kriegsmarine* was one of three official branches of the *Wehrmacht*, the armed forces of Nazi Germany.

## History 
The *Kriegsmarine* was developed during the German naval re of the 1930s. The Treaty of Versailles had limited the size of the German navy after World War I. It also prevented Germany from building submarines. But by 1934 Germany had secretly stockpiled most of the parts they needed to construct submarines (called U-boats).

## Ships 
The Kriegsmarine's most famous ships were the U-boats. Most of them were built after Plan Z was ed at the beginning of World War II. Wolfpacks were groups of submarines that attacked British convoys. Most of the attacks were during the first half of the Battle of the Atlantic. Along with the U-boats, commerce raiders and cruisers were used to disrupt Allied shipping in the early years of the war. The most famous of these were the heavy cruisers *Admiral Graf Spee* and *Admiral Scheer* and the battleship *Bismarck*. However, the allied adoption of convoy escorts greatly reduced the danger from commerce raiders.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Nazi German Navy 1935-1945 (Kriegsmarine)
* Kriegsmarine Ships
Carl Sanders

**Carl Edward Sanders, Sr.** (May 15, 1925 – November 16, 2014) was an American politician. He served as the 74th Governor of the state of Georgia serving from 1963 to 1967.

Sanders died on November 16, 2014 at the age of 89, after a fall at his home in Augusta, Georgia, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Governor Sanders' official website
Jamstik

**Jamstik** is a portable 6-string MIDI guitar controller with five frets made by Zivix, LLC. The Jamstik is compatible with iPad, iPhone and Macintosh.  It weighs .

The Jamstik comes with an included instructional app called JamTutor.  JamTutor helps teach new guitar players the basics of guitar.

## References
Bill Frenzel

**William Eldridge "Bill" Frenzel** (July 31, 1928 – November 17, 2014) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Frenzel was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota. He represented Minnesota's 3rd district. Frenzel was born in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Frenzel died of cancer on November 17, 2014 in McLean, Virginia, aged 86.

## References
Pepe Eliaschev

**José Ricardo Eliaschev** (May 31, 1945 – November 18, 2014), better known as **Pepe Eliaschev**, was an Argentine journalist and writer.  He was of Jewish descent. He was the author of ten books. He worked as a journalist and his interviews are well known to world figures such as Cassius Clay, Ted Kennedy, Jorge Rafael Videla, Raúl Alfonsín, José Mujica, Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Carlos Fuentes, Mario Vargas Llosa, Ernesto Sabato and Augusto Roa Bastos. In addition, he was director of Municipal Radio of Buenos Aires from 1989 to 1991.

Eliaschev died on November 18, 2014 in Buenos Aires, Argentina at the age of 69 from pancreatic cancer.

## References
Bengt Nyholm

**Bengt Nyholm**, born 30 January 1930 in Härnösand, Sweden, dead 10 September 2015 in Mantorp, Sweden, was a Swedish association football goalkeeper. In 1961, was awarded the Guldbollen Award.

## References
Luděk Bukač

**Luděk Bukač** (4 August 1935 – 20 April 2019) was a Czech ice hockey player and manager. As a player, he played for ČLTK Praha, HC Sparta Praha and HC Dukla Jihlava, while as a manager, he coached HC Sparta Praha, HC Košice and HC České Budějovice. As a manager, he coached the Czechoslovak, Austrian, German and Czech national teams. With the Czech Republic, he won the 1996 IIHF World Championship.

Bukač died on 20 April 2019, aged 83.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Marianne Stone

**Marianne Stone** (August 23, 1922 – December 21, 2009) was an English character actress. She appeared in many movies from the early 1940s through the late 1980s. She usually played landladies, barmaids and other working-class women. She played Mavis in *The Angry Silence* (1960). In *Lolita* (1962), she played Vivian Darkbloom.

Stone was born in London, England. She died there at age 87.
Lolita (1962 movie)

***Lolita*** is a 1962 British-American drama movie. It set in the 1950s in the United States. It is based on the novel *Lolita* by Vladimir Nabokov. It was directed by Stanley Kubrick. It is about a middle-aged man Humbert Humbert (James Mason) who becomes obsessed with Lolita, a girl in her early teens. He marries her mother as a means of having a sexual relationship with Lolita. Sue Lyon plays Dolores "Lolita" Haze. Shelley Winters plays Lolita's mother Charlotte Haze.

This movie was released on June 13, 1962.
Jovan Ćirilov

**Jovan Ćirilov** (; 30 August 1931 &ndash; 16 November 2014) was a Serbian theater expert, philosopher, writer, theatre selector, and poet. He mostly wrote about the Serbian culture. He was born in Kikinda, Yugoslavia.

As a member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, he was the first person who publicly called for decriminalization of male same-sex relations ("sodomy laws") in the 1980s.

Ćirilov died in Belgrade, Serbia, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Jovan Čirilov  page at UNESCO
*
Mihailo Đurić

**Mihailo Đurić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Михаило Ђурић; 22 August 1925 &ndash; 25 November 2011) was one of Serbia's most prominent philosophers, a professor at the University of Belgrade's Law School, and a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

## Birth, education and academic career
Mihailo Đurić was born in Šabac, Kingdom of Yugoslavia to Stevan (a judge) and Milica (nee Despotović, a schoolteacher). After finishing gymnasuim he studied law, philosophy, and classical philology at Belgrade University. He earned his PhD in law at Belgrade University in 1954.

Đurić began teaching at the Law School of Belgrade University in 1954 and received tenure in 1969. At the Law School he taught History of politics theories, General sociology, and Social science methodology classes. He lost his tenure at the University and was jailed in 1973 because of his public speech, given on March 18. 1971. From 1974. to 1989. he worked as a scholar at the Social Science Institute in Belgrade. In the same period he was a visiting philosophy professor at West Berlin, Augsburg University.

Along with professor Jozef Simon and as a philosopher, Đurić was head of the Nietsche philosophy international seminars from 1981. to 1991. at the Dubrovnik Inter-university Center, Dubrovnik Yugoslavia. 

Đurić, for contribution to the philosophical and legal sciences, won the international Prize "Prof. Luigi Tartufari" from the prominent National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Italy, in 2009.

## References
90125

***90125*** is the eleventh studio album by Yes. 

## Overview
The album was released on November 8, 1983 through Atlantic Records. It was the group's first studio album of new material in 3 years. 

## Performance
It peaked at number 2 in France and Germany, number 3 in Canada and Switzerland, number 4 in the Netherlands, number 5 in the United States and number 16 in the United Kingdom (UK). It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance in 1985.

## Track listing 
## References
Sue Lyon

**Sue Lyon** (July 10, 1946 &ndash; December 26, 2019) was an American actress. She played Dolores "Lolita" Haze in the 1962 movie *Lolita*. She also played Charlotte in *The Night of the Iguana*. In 1963, she won a Golden Globe Award.

Lyon was born in Davenport, Iowa. She was married to screenwriter Hampton Fancher from 1963 until they divorced in 1965. Lyon died of a long-illness in Los Angeles at the age of 73.

## References
Barnard's Loop

'''Barnard's Loop''' is an emission nebula in the constellation of Orion. It is about 1,600 light-years away from Earth. It is part of the Orion complex. It is a semicircular arc that is about 300 light-years across. In the  of Bernard's Loop are two nebula. These are the Orion nebula and the Horsehead nebula.

## Related pages
* Orion (constellation)
* Nebulae

## References 
## Other websites
* Barnard's Loop (Sh2-276)
* Barnard's Loop and more in Orion-Today's image-EarthSky
* APOD: 2005 April 20 - Barnard's Loop Around Orion
King Abdullah Financial District

The **King Abdullah Financial District** (KAFD) is being built in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It will have the Saudi Stock Exchange and Capital Market Authority. The KAFD will be an important financial center in the Middle East. However, KAFD will not only be a financial center. It will have areas where people live, offices, and educational and recreational facilities. The King Abdullah Financial District is estimated to be worth about $7.8 billion (US). 

## Facilities and attractions 
There will be multiple educational and recreational attractions for residents and visitors of all ages in The KAFD. KAFD will feature museums, exhibitions, malls, hotels, restaurants, conference centers and auditoriums. Such as, the Aquarium, the Conference Center, the Built Environment Museum, the Earth's Climate Center, the Science Museum, the Relaxation Health Club, and the Interactive Children's Museum. Also, there will be seven uniquely designed mosques spread throughout the KAFD. Also, every building will have footbridges that will connect one building to another. That will make traveling through buildings easy.
Further, the monorail train that will travel through the whole district.

## Space and capacity 
The King Abdullah Financial District will span an area of 1.6 million square meters that consists of 34 towers in total. The KAFD will cover over 3 million square meters of space for different purposes such as residential, parking, and office spaces. KAFD will house 12,000 residents and in addition, it will have 62,000 parking spaces.
 
## Banks and headquarters 
The King Abdullah Financial District will have the headquarters of the Capital Market Authority (CMA) and the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadwul).
Added to that, the KAFD will also accommodate a financial academy, and a number of banks, companies and other financial institutions. KAFD’s architecture is designed and is being supervised by Henning Larsen Architects. Moreover, Zaha Hadid Architects will design the KAFD’s metro station.

## References
NGC 6559

**NGC 6559** is an star forming region in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is about 5,000 light years from earth. About 7 light years across, it is a dense  of dust that hides other stars.

## References
Statistical significance

Statistics uses variables to describe a measurement. Such a variable is called **statistically significant** if under a certain status quo assumption, the probability of obtaining its outcome (or a more extreme outcome) is less than a given value. Statistical significance is hence a way of determining the *unlikeliness* of an experimental result—when a certain status quo assumption is assumed to be true.  Statistical hypothesis tests are used to check significance. 

The concept of statistical significance was originated by Ronald Fisher in his 1925 publication, *Statistical Methods for Research Workers*, when he developed statistical hypothesis testing (which he described as "tests of significance"). Fisher suggested a probability of one in twenty (0.05 or 5%)—as a convenient cutoff level to reject the null hypothesis. In their 1933 paper, Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson recommended that the significance level (for example 0.05), which they called α, be set before any data collection.

Despite his initial suggestion of 0.05 as a significance level, Fisher did not intend this cutoff value to be fixed. In his 1956 publication *Statistical methods and scientific inference*, he recommended that significant levels be set according to specific circumstances.

## Related pages 
* *p*-value

## References
Omega Nebula

The **Omega Nebula** (nicknamed the *Swan Nebula*) is an H II region in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is about 5,500 light-years away from Earth. It was discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux in 1745. Charles Messier added it to his catalog as M17 on the night of 3 June 1764. M17 has more names than any other deep-sky object. In addition to the Omega Nebula and Swan Nebula, it is also called the Horseshoe Nebula, the Checkmark Nebula and the Lobster Nebula.

## References
Lövgrens

**Lövgrens** is a dansband from Billesholm in Sweden. The band was established in 1994. In the early 2010s, the band has scored album chart successes in Sweden. The band was called **Claes Lövgrens** until July 2017. It was named after singer Claes Lövgren. The band's drummer Johan Fredriksson was awarded the "drummer of the year" in 2007.

Lövgrens has played together since 1994. Since new-year 2002-2003, the band is a full-time band, touring all over Sweden

## Discography
### Albums
*Rosor från himlen - 2001
*Dansvänliga låtar - 2005
*Dansvänliga låtar 2 - 2008
*Vi lever nu - 2010
*Bästa - 2013
*Vi börjar igen! - 2014

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website
Bengt Hennings

**Bengt Hennings** is a dansband from Länghem in Sweden. The band was established in 1967.  By the late 2000s and the early 2010s, the band scored album chart successes in Sweden.

The band participated at Dansbandskampen 2008. The band made it further from the first programme together with Scotts, before getting knocked out by Larz-Kristerz in the second programme. The band was then revoted into the finals. The band's wind section won a Guldklaven Award in 2008 in the year *wind musicians of the year*. The band has also participated in the documentary film Får jag lov - till den sista dansen?.

## Discography
### Albums
*Bengt Hennings 93 - 1993
*Bengt Hennings 95 - 1995 (CD-single, five songs)
*Studio & live - 2001
*Alla dessa underbara år - 2003
*Bäst av allt - 2007
*Låt kärleken slå till - 2009
*Golden Hits - 2011
*Scenen är vår - 2012

## References 
## Other websites
*Bengt Hennings' website
Sugarloaf Cable Car

The **Sugarloaf Cable Car**; ) is a cableway in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It moves between Praia Vermelha and the inselberg Sugarloaf Mountain. It stops at Morro da Urca (at ) on its way up and down. It reaches the summit of the  mountain.

The cableway was envisioned by the engineer Augusto Ferreira Ramos in 1908. He sought support from well-known figures of Rio de Janeiro's high society to promote its construction. It was opened in 1912

## References
## Other websites
*
Juan Carlos Ferrero

**Juan Carlos Ferrero** **Donat** (born February 12, 1980) is a Spanish retired  tennis player. He won the French Open in 2003.  Ferrero was ranked world number 1 from September 8 to November 2 in the same year.

## References
María José Alvarado

**María José Alvarado Muñoz** (19 July 1995 –13 November 2014) was an Honduran beauty queen and Miss Honduras World 2014. She was scheduled to compete at the Miss World 2014 contest in London in December 2014, but was murdered before to the event. She was 19 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* María José Alvarado, Miss Honduras Mundo (1995-2014) (Obituary) - El Heraldo
Ramón Hoyos

**Ramón Hoyos Vallejo** (26 May 1932- 19 November 2014) was a Colombian road bicycle racer. He won the men's individual road race at the 1959 Pan American Games. He represented his native country twice at the Summer Olympics; in 1956 and 1960.

Hoyos died of a heart attack in Bogota, Colombia, aged 82. 

## References
Trifid nebula

The **Trifid Nebula** is an emission nebula in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is a large H II region that is bright enough to be ed with binoculars. The Trifid nebula is about 5,200 light-years away from Earth. It gets its name trifid from its three visible dust lanes. 

## References
NGC 6193

**NGC 6193** is an open cluster of 27 stars in the constellation of Ara. It is about 3,765 light-years away, and it can be seen by eye from Earth. 

NGC 6193 lies at the centre of the Ara OB1 association. The cluster radiates energy to the  nearby regions of the nebulosity NGC 6188.

At its centre are two O class multiple star systems within 10" of each other, and a probable binary B0 giant. These are very hot large stars. They are part of the multiple star system **HD 150136**. There are four stars which are each 36 to 63 times more massive than the Sun, 6 to ten times hotter, and each is more than 10,000 times as bright (luminosity) as the Sun.

## References
IPhone 5S

The **iPhone 5S** is a smartphone developed and made by Apple Inc. It was released on September 20, 2013. Apple held an event to begin the iPhone 5S, along with the iPhone 5C, on September 10, 2013. It looks similar to the iPhone 5 design, although it has new features such as the Touch ID fingerprint scanner and an improved camera.

## Features 
It has 4.0 Inch IPS LCD screen, Apple A7 Bionic chipset, 1GB RAM, 16GB, 32GB and 64GB Storage, 1560mAh battery capacity. 8MP standard back camera, 1.2MP standard selfie camera, The selfle video recording camera to 720P 30FPS and The back video recording camera to 1080P 30FPS and 720P 120FPS. The iPhone 5s is the first iPhone to use a touch ID system for the fingerprint scanner.

## Design 
The iPhone 5s design looks like the iPhone 5 design, it has a new gold color, Apple changed home button for Touch ID. It has a three colors such as gray, white and gold.

## Specifications 
### Design 
The iPhone 5s maintained a similar design to the iPhone 5, with a  LCD multi-touch Retina display and a screen resolution of 640×1136 at 326 ppi. Its home button has been updated with a new flat design using a laser-cut sapphire cover surrounded by a metallic ring; the button is no longer concave, nor does it contain the familiar squircle icon seen on previous models. The phone itself is  thick and weighs . The phone uses an aluminum composite frame. The device is available in three color finishes; "space gray" (replacing black with slate trim on the iPhone 5), white with silver trim, and white with gold trim. The iPhone 5s was the first iPhone to be available in a gold color; this decision was influenced by the fact that gold is seen as a popular sign of a luxury product among Chinese customers.

## Reviews 
Wired reviewing the iPhone 5s, The people pulling their iPhone 5s out of their pocket, tap home button to see lock screen and hold iPhone 5s home button in their thumb for extra long time and unlocked their iPhone 5s with the Touch ID fingerprint, the reviews rate 8/10.

## Related pages
*iPhone 5C

## References
## Other websites
*
Greg Lake

**Gregory Stuart "Greg" Lake** (10 November 1947 &ndash; 7 December 2016) was an English musician. He was born in Poole, Dorset. He began his career in 1966.

Lake was the founder of the rock band King Crimson. He was later the lead singer in the group Emerson, Lake and Palmer.

## Discography
### Emerson, Lake & Palmer
;Studio albums
# *Emerson, Lake & Palmer* (1970)
# *Tarkus* (1971)
# *Trilogy* (1972)
# *Brain Salad Surgery* (1973)
# *Works Volume 1* (1977)
# *Works Volume 2* (1977)
# *Love Beach* (1978)
# *Black Moon* (1992)
# *In the Hot Seat* (1994)

## References
Leon Askin

**Leon Askin** (**Leon Aschkenasy**; September 18, 1907 – June 3, 2005) was an Austrian movie and television actor. He was best known for playing the character "General Burkhalter" on the TV situation comedy ''Hogan's Heroes''. Askin was born in Vienna, Austria.

Askin died in Vienna, Austria from natural causes, aged 97.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
*Literature on Leon Askin
Lolita (1997 movie)

***Lolita*** is a 1997 French-American drama movie. It is set in the late 1940s and early 1950s in the United States. It is about a relationship between a man in his forties and a 14 year old girl named Lolita after he marries her mother. Dominique Swain plays Dolores "Lolita" Haze. Jeremy Irons plays Humbert Humbert. Melanie Griffith plays Charlotte Haze. Frank Langella plays Clare Quilty, who lures Lolita away to perform in pornography.

The film had difficulty finding an American distributor and premiered in Europe before being released in America. The film was eventually picked up in the United States by Showtime, a cable network, before finally being released theatrically by The Samuel Goldwyn Company.

The movie got good reviews from the critics. It did poorly at the box office.

It was the second movie made from the book *Lolita*.

## Cast
* Jeremy Irons as Professor Humbert Humbert
* Ben Silverstone as young Humbert
* Dominique Swain as Dolores "Lolita" Haze
* Frank Langella as Clare Quilty
* Melanie Griffith as Charlotte Haze
* Suzanne Shepherd as Miss Pratt
* Keith Reddin as Reverend Piggy
* Erin J. Dean as Mona
* Joan Glover as Miss LaBone
* Ed Grady as Dr. Melinik
* Michael Goodwin as Mr. Beale
* Angela Paton as Mrs. Holmes
* Emma Griffiths-Malin as Annabel Lee
* Ronald Pickup as young Humbert's father
* Michael Culkin as Mr. Leigh
* Annabelle Apsion as Mrs. Leigh

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Yevgeny Kafelnikov

**Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Kafelnikov** (born February 18, 1974) is a retired Russian  tennis player. He won the French Open in 1996 and the Australian Open in 1999. Kafelnikov was world ranked number one from May 3 to June 13 1999. He also won four Grand Slam doubles titles. Kafelnikov won the Men's Singles Gold medal at the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000. He also helped Russia win the Davis Cup in 2002. He is the last man to have won both the Men's Singles and Doubles titles at the same Grand Slam tournament, which he did at the 1996 French Open.

## References
Teratorn

The **teratorns**  were a group of very large birds of prey that lived in the Americas from the Oligocene to Pleistocene epochs. They are all extinct now. They include some of the largest known flying birds. So far, at least five species in four genera have been identified:

Teratornithidae are related to New World vultures (*Cathartidae*, syn. *Vulturidae*).

**Teratornis merriami*. This is by far the best-known species. Over a hundred specimens have been found, mostly from La Brea tar pits. It stood about 75&nbsp;cm (29.5&nbsp;in) tall with estimated wingspan of perhaps 3.5 to 3.8 metres (11.5 to 12.5&nbsp;ft), and weighed about 15&nbsp;kg (33&nbsp;lb); making it about a third bigger than living condors. It became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene, some 10,000 years ago.

**Argentavis magnificens*. A partial skeleton of this enormous teratorn was found from La Pampa, Argentina. It is the largest flying bird known to have existed. It is the oldest known teratorn, dating to late Miocene, about 6 to 8 million years ago, and one of the very few teratorn finds in South America. Initial discovery included portions of the skull, incomplete humerus and several other wing bones. Even conservative estimates put its wingspan at 6 meters and up (some 20&nbsp;ft), and it may have been as much as 8 metres (26&nbsp;ft). The weight of the bird was estimated to have been around 80&nbsp;kg (176&nbsp;lb).

This group of huge birds lived at a time before mankind reached the Americas in any numbers. The land was more heavily forested than today, and so had herbivores more suited to forests than today. The finds in California suggest that similar conditions existed in much of California and North America west of the mountains.

## References
Konstantin Khabensky

**Konstantín Yúrievich Khabénsky** (; born in 11 January, 1972) is a Russian actor. He played Anton Gorodetsky in the movie Night Watch. He also starred in the sequel, Day Watch. 

## Career 
Khabensky was born and trained in Leningrad. Before *Night Watch*, he was already a famous actor in his country. He had appeared in several movies and TV series and theatres. Since 2003, he has been a member of the Moscow Art theatre.

## References 
## Other websites
*
* Moscow Art Theatre, official site - Stage Portfolio
Telegram (software)

**Telegram Messenger** is a messaging service which lets its users send each other messages, photos, videos and documents (all file types are supported). The client applications are open source and the server is proprietary software (closed source). It is based in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. 

Telegram is registered as a company in the British Virgin Islands and as an LLC in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Pavel Durov said that the service was headquartered in Berlin, Germany, between 2014 and early 2015, but moved to different jurisdictions after failing to obtain residence permits for everyone on the team. According to press reports, Telegram had employees in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from 2014 to 2017.

In April 2018, Russian court ruled to block Telegram in Russia because of terrorists using the app. Some Russians tried to circumvent the ban by using open proxies in other countries. The Russian Government removed its ban on 18 June 2020.  Russian ministers and officials now use it.

On 5 October 2021, Telegram gained over 70 million new users as a result of an outage which affected Facebook and its affiliates.

It has been called "social media for organised criminals", because there is no censorship.  Durov says it is a safe haven for citizens living in repressive regimes, such as Belarus, Iran and Hong Kong.  “In Dubai the government doesn’t bother us.” It allows Iran-linked militant groups including Hamas, Hizbollah and Iraqi militia groups to use it. A psychological warfare unit of the Israel Defense Forces, had run an unauthorised Telegram Channel entitled “72 Virgins — Uncensored” in 2023.  Its rules say that it will block terrorist channels.

In 2024 it was said to have  900 million monthly active users. It has more than 80,000 servers around the world. There are only about 50 full-time employees

## Features 
Telegram lets its users send voice notes, photos, videos and files of all types. Groups can also have a maximum of 200,000 members. There are channels — for one-way broadcasting of messages — with unlimited subscribers. Telegram uses a similar system of message read statuses to WhatsApp, with 1 check = sent, 2 checks = read (opened).

## References 
## Other websites
* 
*
Davis Cup

]]

The **Davis Cup** is an annual tennis tournament. Countries from around the world compete against each other in teams.
Only the 16 best ranked teams take part. Teams play against each other in rounds or 'ties'. In each tie, 5 matches or 'rubbers' are played: four singles and one doubles match. The team to win the most matches (3 or more) is the winner and goes to the next round.
Argo Navis

**Argo Navis** is a constellation in the southern sky. In the past, it represented the ship of Jason and his argonauts who were in search of the Golden Fleece. It is visible mainly in the southern hemisphere. If it were still recognized today it would be the biggest constellation in the sky.

## Deep-sky objects
* Carina nebula

## References
Otieno Kajwang

**Gerald Otieno Kajwang** (15 July 1959 – 18 November 2014) was a Kenyan politician. He was a member of the Orange Democratic Movement. He was elected to represent the Mbita Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the Kenyan parliamentary election, 2007. In the 2013 elections, Kajwang was elected to represent Homa Bay county as a senator.

Kajwang died on 19 November 2014 at Mater hospital from cardiac arrest, aged 55.

## References
## Other websites
* Hon. Gerald Otieno Kajwang memorial
Rapunzel

"**Rapunzel**" is a German fairy tale. It was first published in 1812 as part of ''Grimms' Fairy Tales''. The best known line in the story is "Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your hair".

## Story 
The story starts with a lonely couple that wants a child. They live next to a walled garden that belongs to an evil witch named Dame Gothel. The wife is pregnant with a girl. When she gives birth, Dame Gothel takes her newborn and names her Rapunzel.

Rapunzel is taken into a tower to be shut out from the world. One day a prince chances upon Rapunzel and asks her to marry him. She agrees. Dame Gothel finds out about the prince who is planning to free Rapunzel, so she cuts Rapunzel's hair off and sends her to a faraway desert.  

The following night the prince climbs up the tower only to find Dame Gothel holding Rapunzel's cut hair. Dame Gothel throws the prince out of the tower, leading him to fall on thorny bushes and become blind.  

Months later, the prince, who is still blind, finds Rapunzel through her singing. Rapunzel cries into his arms, and her tears bring back the prince's sight. The prince takes Rapunzel to his kingdom, where they lived happily ever after. 

## Adaptations 
There have been many stories, books and films made overtime based on the story. In 2011, Disney released a film titled *Tangled*.

## Gallery

File:Johnny Gruelle illustration - Rapunzel - Project Gutenberg etext 11027.jpg|Illustration by Johnny Gruelle, done in 1922
File:RapunzelWalterCrane.jpg|Illustration by Walter Crane,1882
File:Lindau Rapunzel.jpg|Citing Rapunzel, in a tower, in Lindau, at Lake Constance
File:Rapunzel Home.jpg|Rapunzel tower, near Marburg, in Germany
Alberto Moreno

**Alberto Moreno Pérez** (born 5 July 1992) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Liverpool and Spain national team as a defender in the left back position.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|2011/12||rowspan="3"|Sevilla||rowspan="3"|La Liga||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2012/13||15||0||2||0||0||0||0||0||17||0
|-
|2013/14||29||3||0||0||14||0||0||0||43||3

|-
|2014/15||rowspan="1"|Liverpool||rowspan="1"|Premier League||9||1||0||0||3||0||0||0||12||1
45||3||2||0||14||0||0||0||61||3
9||1||0||0||3||0||0||0||12||1
54||4||2||0||17||0||0||0||73||4
|}

## International career statistics 
|-
|2013||2||0
|-
|2014||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

## References
Mike Nichols

**Mike Nichols** (born **Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky**; November 6, 1931&nbsp;&ndash;&#32;November 19, 2014) was an American television, stage and movie director, writer, producer and comedian. He was half of the comedy duo Nichols and May, along with Elaine May. In 1968 he won the Academy Award for Best Director for the movie *The Graduate*. His other movies include ''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?*, *Catch-22*, *Carnal Knowledge*, *Silkwood*, *Working Girl*, *Wolf*, *The Birdcage*, *Closer*, *Charlie Wilson's War* (his final movie), and the TV mini-series *Angels in America*. He also staged the original theatrical productions of *Barefoot in the Park*, *Luv*, *The Odd Couple* and *Spamalot''.

Nichols won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. His other honors included the Lincoln Center Gala Tribute in 1999, the National Medal of Arts in 2001, the Kennedy Center Honors in 2003 and the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2010.

Nichols died suddenly from a heart attack on November 19, 2014, at his home in Manhattan.

## References
## Other websites
Tänndalen

**Tänndalen**, Southern Sami: **Teanndaelie**, is a minor locality in Härjedalen Municipality in Sweden. In 2010, 66 people lived there.

## References