open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Islam in Niger

.]]
**Islam in Niger** began to spread around a thousand years ago. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Islam became more common than Niger's traditional religions. Since then, Sufi brotherhoods have become the most common and powerful Muslim organisations. This happened in many West African countries.

More than 90% of the people in Niger (or 9 out of every 10 people) are Muslims.  Most of the rest of Niger's people are Animists. However, these numbers are not exact. In Niger, many of the people who practice traditional religions have mixed some beliefs from Islam into their religions. Because of this, there are many different ways of understanding and practicing Islam in Niger.  So, it is hard to say exactly how many people practice each religion.

The government of Niger is secular, or separate from any religion.  At the same time, the government recognizes that Islam is the most popular religion in the country.

## References
Islam in Nigeria

, located in Abuja]]
About 85,000,000 Nigerians are Muslims. That is about half of the people of Nigeria. Most of the other people are Christian.  Muslims in Nigeria are mostly Sunni in the Maliki school, which is also the Sharia law in the government. However, there is a important Shia minority, mostly in Sokoto State (see Shia in Nigeria). A smaller number of people follow the Ahmadiyya Islam, a reformatory sect that started in India in the 19th century. Pew Forum on religious diversity says that 12% are Shia Muslims while 3% are Ahmadi Muslims.

## References
East India

**East India** is a region of the Republic of India. It includes the states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. The states of Orissa and West Bengal share some cultural and linguistic characteristics with Bangladesh and with the state of Assam. Together with Bangladesh, West Bengal formed the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal before partition in 1947.

## References
Jack Harris

**Jack Harris** (born September 18, 1941) is a broadcaster. He is the studio host for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers Radio Network and a play-by-play voice for the Tampa Bay Storm and the Outback Bowl. He started doing play-by-play for the South Florida Bulls men's basketball team as well as the Tampa Bay Rowdies. He was sports anchor at WTOG-TV and WFLA-TV where he was host of *Pulse Plus!* on WTVT-TV before WFLA-TV fired Harris.
Frank Herzog

**Frank Herzog** is a former sportscaster who was the voice of the Washington Redskins. He was also the voice of the Maryland Terrapins football and basketball teams as well as the Washington Bullets. He called college football and basketball games for CBS.

## References
Sind sparrow

The **Sind sparrow** (*Passer pyrrhonotus*), also known as the **Sind jungle sparrow**, **jungle sparrow**, or **rufous-backed sparrow**, is a passerine bird of the Passeridae sparrow family. 

It lives around the Indus valley region of Pakistan and parts of the Republic of India.  Within its Indus valley breeding range in Pakistan and western India, the Sind sparrow lives in wetland habitats with thorny scrub and tall grass.

## References
Vasile Blaga

**Vasile Blaga** (born 26 July 1956 in Petrileni) is a Romanian politician. He was a Speaker of the Upper Chamber of the Romanian Parliament, the Senate, a former Minister of Regional Development and Housing and twice former Minister of Administration and Internal Affairs.

On 28 November 2011, Blaga was appointed President of the Senate of Romania. He was removed as President of the Senate on July 3, 2012.

## References
104.6 RTL

**104.6 RTL** is a German radio station. It first aired on 9 September, 1991. It broadcasts in Berlin and is aimed at the 14-49 age group. The studios are at the Kurfürstendamm in Berlin-Charlottenburg. In 2005 the radio channel was awarded the German Radio Award for the best morning show.

## References
Vaalbara

**Vaalbara** is the name of Earth's first supercontinent, in the Archaean era.

Vaalbara started to form about 3,600 million years ago (mya). It formed by about 3,100 mya and broke up by 2,500 mya. The name *Vaalbara* comes from the South African Kaapvaal craton and the West Australian Pilbara craton. These cratons were combined in the Vaalbara supercontinent.

South Africa's Kaapvaal craton and Western Australia's Pilbara craton are two of the best-preserved Archaean cratons on Earth. They have remarkably similar early Precambrian rocks. Identical radiometric ages of 3,470 ±2 mya have been retrieved from rocky material thrown out by meteorite strikes. Similar structures from these two cratons have been dated between 3,500 and 2,700 mya. Similar greenstone belts are found at the edges of the Superior craton of Canada, and across the cratons of the former Gondwana and Laurasia continents.

Palaeomagnetic data from rocks in the cratons showed that at 3,870 mya the two cratons could have been part of the same supercontinent. Both the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons show extensional faults which were active about the same time during volcanism at the same time as the impact layers were formed.

Continental plates have periodically collided and assembled in periods of orogeny (mountain building) to form supercontinents. The cycle of supercontinent formation, breakup, dispersal and reformation by plate tectonics occurs every 450 million years or so.

## Related pages 
*Supercontinent

## References
Konin

**Konin** is a city in the central-western part of Poland.  It is in Greater Poland Voivodeship. In  2011, 78,209 people lived there.

## References
Ole Knapp

**Ole Knapp** (8 November 1931 &ndash; 4 November 2015) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was Minister of Industry from 1990 to 1992.
Okunino

**Okunino**  () is a village in Gmina Miastko, Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is about  south-west of Bytów and  south-west of Gdańsk (capital city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship). From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Słupsk Voivodeship.

## References
*
*Map of the Gmina Miastko
Resusci Anne

**Resusci Anne**, also known as **Rescue Anne**, **Resusci Annie** or **CPR Annie**, is a training mannequin used for teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).  It is for both emergency workers and members of the general public.  Resusci Anne was made by Norwegian toy maker Åsmund Laerdal. It was based on the research of Peter Safar and James Elam. It was first used in 1960.  The mannequin is made to be just like the human respiratory system and outer body in order to help training.

Since its first use, several different versions of Resusci Anne have been introduced.  These include versions with computer monitoring, and versions that seem like other emergency medical conditions, such as severe wounds and trauma.

Trainees using the original Resusci Anne were expected to approach the mannequin. After getting no response, the trainees then administered CPR to the mannequin. This system was meant to teach trainees that not all victims require CPR. If a victim can respond when asked if okay, the victim does not need CPR.

The face of Resusci Anne was based on ''L'Inconnue de la Seine''. It was the death mask of an unidentified young woman who may have drowned in the Seine River around the late 1880s.

## References

File:Herz-Lungen-Wiederbelebung-Training an einer Laerdal-Rescue-Anne.jpg|Using an AED on a Resusci Anne
Jasminum officinale

***Jasminum officinale*** is the common Jasmine. It is in the family Oleaceae.
It is famous for its scent. It is also known as '''Poet's Jasmine''' or jessamine.

## Garden history
For thousands of years, the Jasmine has been cultivated not only for the beauty of its small, white, star-like flowers, but also  for its intoxicating scent. 

It is native to the foothills of the Western Himalayas and the Indus Valley plains of the Pakistani Punjab. The plant was cultivated and brought to the rest of the Indian subcontinent, China, the Middle East and other regions of Asia. From there, it spread into France, Italy and the Mediterranean, and eventually it was introduced to the rest of Western Europe and Britain. Today, Jasmine is grown and cultivated all over the world in its many varieties. 

Since Jasmine has been cultivated all over the world for its flowers and scent, there are different varieties, and each type of Jasmine is associated with different meanings. In Pakistan, Jasmine is a very common plant and one can find it in any garden. Because of its attractive scent, the white Jasmine symbolizes attachment and represents amiability and modesty; therefore, Jasmine is named as the National flower of Pakistan respectively.

## References
Mpika District

**Mpika District** is a district of Zambia in the Northern Province. The capital is Mpika. As of the 2000 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 146,196 people.

## References
Lalín

**Lalín** is a city in Galicia, Spain. It is in the northern part of the province of Pontevedra. Lalín is the capital of the region of Deza.

In 2014, there were 20,103 people living in the city.

## References
## Other websites
*Concello de Lalín
Gmina Mysłakowice

**Gmina Mysłakowice** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Mysłakowice, which is about  southeast of Jelenia Góra and  west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 9,990.

## Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Mysłakowice is bordered by the towns of Jelenia Góra and Kowary and the gminas of Janowice Wielkie, Kamienna Góra and Podgórzyn.

## Villages
The gmina contains the villages of Bukowiec, Dąbrowica, Gruszków, Karpniki, Kostrzyca, Krogulec, Łomnica, Mysłakowice, Strużnica and Wojanów.

## References
*Polish official population figures 2006
Charles Oakley

**Charles Oakley** (born December 18, 1963) is a retired American NBA basketball player. Oakley played for the Chicago Bulls, New York Knicks, Toronto Raptors, Washington Wizards and Houston Rockets.
John Gurdon

Sir **John Bertrand Gurdon** FRS (2 October 1933 &ndash; 7 October 2025) was a British developmental biologist. He was best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation, and cloning. 

Nuclear transplantation means taking the nucleus out of cells in tissue culture and putting them into other cells whose nucleus has been removed. It is called somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this way, specialised cells can be "reprogrammed" to become like stem cells.

## Honours and awards
Gurdon was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1971, and was knighted in 1995. In 1991, he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea. In 2004, the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Institute for Cell Biology and Cancer was renamed the Gurdon Institute in his honour. He has also received numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees. He has been awarded the 2009 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research award. 

### Nobel Prize
In 2012 Gurdon was awarded, jointly with Shinya Yamanaka,  the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine *"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"*. "Pluripotent" cells are stem cells.

## Research
### Nuclear transfer
In 1958, Gurdon, then at the University of Oxford, successfully cloned a frog using intact nuclei from the somatic cells of a *Xenopus* tadpole.  This was an important extension of work of Briggs and King in 1952 on transplanting nuclei from embryonic blastula cells.

Gurdon’s experiments captured the attention of the scientific community and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today.

At that time he could not conclusively show that the transplanted nuclei derived from a fully differentiated cell. This was finally shown in 1975 by a group working at the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland. They transplanted a nucleus from an antibody-producing lymphocyte (proof that it was fully differentiated) into an enucleated egg and got living tadpoles.

Gurdon’s experiments captured the attention of the scientific community and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today. The term 'clone' (from the ancient Greek word ''* klōn = “twig”) was already in use since the beginning of the 20th century in reference to plants. In 1963 the British biologist J.B.S. Haldane, in describing Gurdon’s results, became one of the first to use the word "clone" in reference to animals.

He was awarded the Lasker Award in 2009 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012.

### Messenger RNA expression 
Gurdon and colleagues also pioneered the use of *Xenopus'' eggs to translate microinjected messenger RNA molecules. This technique has been widely used to identify the proteins encoded, and to study their function.

### Later career 
Gurdon's final research had focused on analysing intercellular signalling factors involved in cell differentiation, and on elucidating the mechanisms involved in reprogramming the nucleus in transplantation experiments, including demethylation of the transplanted DNA.

## Death
Gurdon died on 7 October 2025 at the age of 92.

## References
List of lost treasures

This is an incomplete list of famous treasures that are currently  or .

## References
## Other websites 
* List of Lost Treasures
Ralph Lauren

**Ralph Lauren**  (born **Ralph Lifshitz**; October 14, 1939) is an American fashion designer and business executive, best known for his Polo Ralph Lauren clothing brand.

## Career
Lauren named his first full line of menswear 'Polo' in 1968. He worked out of a single "drawer" from a showroom in the Empire State Building and made deliveries to stores himself. By 1969, the Manhattan department store Bloomingdale's sold Lauren's men's line. 

In 1971, Ralph Lauren Corporation created a line of tailored shirts for women, which had the Polo player emblem for the first time, appearing on the shirt's cuff. The first full women's collection was released the following year. In 1971 Lauren also opened a store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, California; this was the first freestanding store for an American designer.

In 1972, the Ralph Lauren Corporation created a Polo shirt with many colors. It had the polo player logo at the chest, the shirt became one of Ralph Lauren's best known styles.

## Personal life
Lauren was born on October 14, 1939 in The Bronx, New York to Russian parents. He studied at Baruch College. He has been married to Ricky Anne Low-Beer since 1964. They have seven children. His son, David, was married to the granddaughter of George H. W. Bush.

## Honors
In 2016, Vogue reported that Lauren was to receive an award for Outstanding Achievement at the Fashion Awards- British Fashion Council.

In January 2025, Lauren was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Joe Biden, becoming the first fashion designer to receive the honor.

## References
## Other websites
* Ralph Lauren Web Site
*
Konin (disambiguation)

**Konin** is a city in central Poland.

**Konin** may also mean:

* , 49th Japanese monarch who reigned 770&ndash;781
* Konin, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in central Poland
* Konin, Lubusz Voivodeship, a village in west Poland
* Konin, Nowy Tomyśl County, a village in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Konin, Silesian Voivodeship, a village in south Poland
* , a Japanese era name for the years 810&ndash;824
Sirhan Sirhan

**Sirhan Bishara Sirhan** (born March 19, 1944) is a Palestinian with Jordanian citizenship. He was born in Jerusalem. He shot and killed U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy on June 6, 1968. He is serving his life sentence in Pleasant Valley State Prison in Coalinga, California.

On August 30, 2019, Sirhan was stabbed multiple times by another prisoner.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Crime Library biography 
* Interview with Sirhan's attorney Lawrence Teeter on KPFA 94.1 / Guns & Butter show
List of U.S. state insects

This is a list of U.S. state insects.  Forty-one of the fifty United States have selected state insects. 

## References
Rod Steiger

**Rodney Stephen "Rod" Steiger** (April 14, 1925 – July 9, 2002) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor. He was known for his roles in: *In the Heat of the Night*, *On the Waterfront*, *The Pawnbroker*, *Doctor Zhivago*, *Oklahoma!*, *A Fistful of Dynamite*, and in *Mars Attacks!*. He won two BAFTA Awards, one Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award.

Steiger was born on April 14, 1925 in Westhampton, New York. He studied at the Actor's Studio.

He was married to Sally Gracie from 1952 until they divorced in 1958. Then he was married to Clarie Bloom from 1959 until they divorced in 1969. Thirdly he was married to Sherry Nelson from 1973 until they divorced in 1979. Then he was married to Paula Ellis from 1986 until they divorced in 1997. He was married to Joan Benedict from 2000 until his death in 2002. With Bloom he has a daughter, Anna Steiger. With Ellis he has a son, Michael Steiger.

Steiger died on July 9, 2002 in Los Angeles, California from pneumonia and kidney failure after having gallbladder cancer-related surgery, aged 77. He was later buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Hollywood Hills, California.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy

, California around June 1968, shortly before his assassination]]

**The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy**, a U.S. Senator and brother of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, who had been assassinated himself in 1963, took place shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles, California. He had just won the state's presidential orimary. 

Kennedy was shot as he walked through the kitchen of the city's Ambassador Hotel and died at the Good Samaritan Hospital on June 6 during the operation to remove the bullet and bone fragments from his brain. Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian immigrant, was found guilty for Kennedy's murder and is now serving a life sentence for the assassination. As of 2011, Kennedy and Huey Long are the only U.S. Senators to be killed while in office.

## References
## Other websites
* Mary Ferrell Foundation - RFK Assassination Documents&nbsp;– LAPD and FBI investigation files and the trial transcript at the Mary Ferrell Foundation
*FBI file on the RFK assassination
Ethel Kennedy

**Ethel Kennedy** (née **Skakel**; April 11, 1928 &ndash; October 10, 2024) was an American activist and politician. She was the widow of Robert F. Kennedy. She had eleven children together; including Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Christopher G. Kennedy, Joseph P. Kennedy II and Rory Kennedy.

Skakel was born on April 11, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois. She studied at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart in 1945.

Skakel met Robert while he was dating her sister. On June 17, 1950, Robert and Ethel married in Greenwich, Connecticut. They had eleven children. Two of their children died.

In 1968, shortly after her husband's assassination, Kennedy founded the non-profit organization Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights.

Kennedy supported Barack Obama during his 2008 campaign.

On October 3, 2024, Kennedy was hospitalized after suffering a stroke in her sleep. She died one week later on October 10, 2024 in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
* *American Experience*: RFK People & Events —From PBS
Rodinia

**Rodinia**, meaning "homeland", is the name of a supercontinent. It had most or all of Earth's landmass when the Neoproterozoic era began.

Rodinia existed between 1.1 billion and 750 million years ago. It formed from parts of an older and poorly understood supercontinent.

Rodinia broke up in the first period of the Neoproterozoic, the Tonian. Later its continental fragments were re-assembled to form Pangaea 300250 million years ago. In contrast with Pangaea, little is known yet about the exact position and history of Rodinia.

The extreme cooling of the global climate around 700 million years ago (the so-called Snowball Earth of the Cryogenian period) and the rapid evolution of primitive life during the following Ediacaran and Cambrian periods may have been caused by the breaking up of Rodinia.

## Break-up 
The break-up of Rodinia is understood better than its formation. Extensive flood basalt flows and volcanic eruptions of Neoproterozoic age are found on most continents. This is evidence for large scale rifting about 750 million years ago. a rift developed, eventually becoming an ocean in the Ediacaran.

In a separate rifting event about 610 million years ago (halfway in the Ediacaran period), the Iapetus Ocean formed. It might be that all continental mass was again joined in one supercontinent between roughly 600 and 550 million years ago. This hypothetical supercontinent is called Pannotia.

## Its effect on life 
Unlike later supercontinents, Rodinia itself was entirely barren. It existed before life colonized dry land. It was before the ozone layer formed, so Rodinia was too exposed to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight for organisms to live there and leave fossils. However, its existence probably affected the marine life of its time.

In the Cryogenian period, the Earth experienced large glaciations, and temperatures were at least as cool as today. Substantial areas of Rodinia may have been covered by glaciers or the southern polar ice cap.

The eventual rifting of the continents created new oceans, and seafloor spreading, which produces warmer, less-dense oceanic lithosphere. Due to its lower density, hot oceanic lithosphere does not lie so deep as old, cool oceanic lithosphere. In periods with relatively large areas of new lithosphere, the ocean floors come up, causing the sea level to rise. The result was a greater number of shallower seas.

The increased evaporation from the larger water area of the oceans may have increased rainfall, which, in turn, increased the weathering of exposed rock. This increased rainfall may have reduced greenhouse gas levels. When CO2 level dropped, the period known as Snowball Earth began. Increased volcanic activity also introduced nutrients into the seas. This may have played an important role in the development of the earliest animals.

## References
List of U.S. state mammals

This is a list of official mammals of U.S. states.

## State mammals
**Key:** Years in parentheses are the year of adoption by the state's legislature.

Minnesota's unofficial state mammal is the eastern timber wolf.

## References
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.

**Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr.** (September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969) was a prominent American businessman, politician, investor, and government official. He served as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission from 1934 through 1935.

Kennedy was the husband of Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. Their children included President John F. Kennedy (1917–1963), Senator Robert F. Kennedy (1925–1968), and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy (1932–2009). He served as the first chairman of the Maritime Commission from 1936 through 1938.

Kennedy served as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 until late 1940, including the early part of World War II.

He died on November 18, 1969, two months after his 81st birthday. Joe Kennedy outlived three of his four sons; Ted would die nearly forty years later.

## Early life
Kennedy was born on September 6, 1888 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the eldest son of businessman and politician P. J. Kennedy (1858-1929) and Mary Augusta Hickey (1857-1923). He studied at the Boston Latin School and at Harvard College.

## Personal life
In 1914 he married Rose Fitzgerald. They were married until his death in 1969. They had nine children. Kennedy had an affair with Gloria Swanson.

## Death
Kennedy died on November 18, 1969 in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts from a stroke, aged 81.

## Other websites
*
*
Shinya Yamanaka

**Shinya Yamanaka**  (born 4 September 1962 in Osaka) is a Japanese physician. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2012 with John Gurdon. He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 2011 with Rudolf Jaenisch; and the Millennium Technology Prize in 2012 together with Linus Torvalds.

He researches into adult stem cells.

## References
United People's Democratic Front

'''United People's Democratic Front''' (UPDF) is a regional political party based in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.
Blacy, Yonne

**Blacy** is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

## Related pages
*Communes of the Yonne department

## References
*INSEE
Eunice Kennedy Shriver

**Eunice Mary Kennedy Shriver**, DSG (July 10, 1921 – August 11, 2009), was a member of the Kennedy family and a sister of President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy.

## Early life
Kennedy was born on July 10, 1921 in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and to Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. She studied at Manhattanville College and at Stanford University.

## Personal life
Kennedy was married to Sargent Shriver from 1953 until her death. They had five children.

She died on August 11, 2009 in Hyannis, Massachusetts, after a stroke, at the age od 88. Her husband, Sargent Shriver, died on January 18, 2011 in Bethesda, Maryland.

## Related pages
*Kennedy family

## References
## Other websites
*eunicekennedyshriver.org , Shriver's official website
*
*
Lists of United States state symbols

The following are lists of U.S. state and territory symbols.

## Lists by symbol
### Insignia
*Insignia
*Coats of arms
*Colors
*Flags
**Governor standards
*Mottos
*Nicknames
*Seals
**Governor seals

### Flora and fauna
*Amphibians
*Bats
*Birds
*Butterflies
*Cacti
*Crustaceans
*Dinosaurs
*Dog breeds
*Fish
*Flowers
*Grasses
*Horse breeds
*Insects
*Mammals
*Microbes
*Mushrooms
*Pets
*Plants
*Reptiles
*Seashells
*Trees

### Geology
*Fossils
*Minerals, rocks, stones, and gemstones
*Soils

### Other
*Commemorative quarter-dollar coins
*Dances
*Firearms
*Foods
**Beverages
*Highway route markers
*Motor vehicle license plates
*Musical instruments
*Poems
*Ships
*Songs
*Sports
*Tartans
*Toys

## Lists by state, territory, and district
* Alabama
* Alaska
* American Samoa
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* District of Columbia
* Florida
* Georgia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Puerto Rico
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming
Metalloprotein

. The haeme cofactor, containing iron, shown in green.]]

A **metalloprotein** is a protein with a metal ion cofactor. Many proteins are members of this category, so the number of them is large.

It is estimated that about half of all proteins contain a metal.  In another estimate, about one-quarter to one-third of all proteins need metals to carry out their functions. Thus, metalloproteins have many different functions in cells, such as enzymes, transport and storage proteins, and signal transduction proteins.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Organometallic chemistry
Adar, Iran

**Adar** (, also Romanized as **Ādār**; also known as **Adād** and **Āvār**) is a village in Hesar-e Valiyeasr Rural District, Avaj District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 388, in 82 families.
Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy

**Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy** (July 22, 1890 – January 22, 1995) was an American philanthropist and socialite. She was the wife of the businessman amd politician Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. Their nine children included President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy.

She outlived four of her children and her husband.

## Early life
Kennedy was born on July 22, 1890 in Boston, Massachusetts.

She studied at Dorchester High School, at the New England Conservatory, at Wellesley College, and at the Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart.

## Family
### Marriage
On October 7, 1914, she married Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr..
### Children
They had 9 children:
* Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (1915-1944)
* John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)
* Rosemary Kennedy (1918-2005)
* Kathleen Kennedy Cavendish (1920-1948)
* Eunice Kennedy (1921-2009)
* Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924-2006)
* Robert F. Kennedy (1925-1968)
* Jean Kennedy Smith (1928-2020)
* Ted Kennedy (1932-2009)

## Death
Kennedy died on January 22, 1995 in Hyannis, Massachusetts, from pneumonia, aged 104.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jack Ruby

**Jacob Leon "Jack" Rubenstein** (March 25, 1911 &ndash; January 3, 1967) was an American criminal. Ruby was born on March 25, 1911 in Chicago, Illinois.  On November 24, 1963, Ruby fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald, who was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President John F. Kennedy two days earlier. Ruby was convicted of murdering Oswald, but the conviction was overturned. He continued to be held in prison while awaiting retrial. The retrial did not happen because he died on January 3, 1967 at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas from lung cancer and a pulmonary embolism, aged 55.

Ruby is buried in Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois.

## References
## Other websites
* In Defense of Jack Ruby
* Jack Ruby: Dallas' Original J.R.
Boreal forest of Canada

, the eastern slopes of the northern Coast Mountains and the Saint Elias Mountains.]]
 ecoregion that spreads across the northern parts of the world.]]

Canada's **boreal forest** comprises about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the northern hemisphere, mostly north of the 50th parallel.

## References
Denmark at the 1968 Summer Paralympics

**Denmark** sent a delegation to the **1968 Summer Paralympics** in Tel Aviv, Israel from November 4 to 13, 1968. 
Eight athletes from Denmark competed, seven men and one women. The team did not win any medals.

## References
Denmark at the 1976 Summer Paralympics

Denmark sent a team for the **1976 Summer Paralympics** in Toronto, Canada. Its athletes finished twenty fourth in the overall medal count.

## References
Denmark at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

45 athletes (25 men and 20 women) from **Denmark** competed at the **1996 Summer Paralympics** in Atlanta, United States. Denmark won no medals.

## References
Johnny Gottselig

**John Gottselig** (24 June 1906 - 15 May 1986) was a professional ice hockey centre that played a combined 16 seasons  with the Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL.

Gottselig was only the second player born in the Russian Empire to play in the NHL. During his time with the Black Hawks, he won the Stanley Cup two time, once in 1934 and once in 1938. He was named the captain of the Black Hawks during the time that they won their second Stanley Cup. He retired in 1945 and became the coach of the Black Hawks in 1944. This made him the first European-born head coach in NHL history. He was also the Director of Public Relations for the Black Hawks when they won the Stanley Cup in 1961. His name wasn't engraved on the cup but he was included on the team.

## References
## Other websites 
*
George Sanders

**George Henry Sanders** (3 July 1906 – 25 April 1972) was a British actor and singer whose career spanned over 40 years. He was known for his roles in *All About Eve*, *Rebecca*, and *The Jungle Book*. He was also known for his television role as Mr. Freeze in *Batman*. His brother was actor Tom Conway. He won an Academy Award.

Sanders was born on 3 July 1906, in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire to English parents. Sanders was raised in Brighton, Sussex, England. He studied at Brighton College and at Manchester Technical College.

Sanders was married to Susan Larson from 1940 until they divorced in 1949. He was married to Zsa Zsa Gabor from 1949 until they divorced in 1954. Then he was married to Benita Hume from 1959 until they divorced in 1967. He was last married to Magda Gabor from 1970 until they divorced in 1971. He was partners with Lorraine Chanel from 1968 until his death in 1972. He had no children.

Sanders committed suicide using barbiturates on April 25, 1972, in his hotel room in Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. His cremated ashes were scattered at the English Channel.

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Magda Gabor

**Magdolna "Magda" Gabor** (June 11, 1915 &ndash; June 6, 1997) was a Hungarian-American movie, television, stage, voice, and radio actress and socialite. She was the elder sister of Zsa Zsa Gabor and Eva Gabor. 

Gabor was born on June 11, 1915 in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. She was married to Jan Bychowski from 1937 until he died in 1944. Then she was married to William Rankin from 1946 until they divorced in 1947. Then she was married to Sidney R. Warren from 1947 until they divorced in 1950. Then she was married to Arthur Gallucci from 1956 until they divorced in 1957. Then she was married to George Sanders from 1970 until they divorced in 1971. She was last married to Tibor Heltai from 1972 until they divorced in 1973. 

Gabor died on June 6, 1997 in Palm Springs, California from renal failure, aged 81. She was later buried at Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California.

## References
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* Gabor family website
Michael Dorn

**Michael Dorn** (born December 9, 1952) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is best known for his role as the Klingon Worf in *Star Trek: The Next Generation*.

Dorn was born on December 9, 1952 in Luling, Texas. He studied at Pasadena City College.

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John O'Hurley

'''John George O'Hurley'* (born October 9, 1954) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his role as J. Peterman in *Seinfeld''.

O'Hurley was born on October 9, 1954 in Kittery, Maine. He studied at Kingswood-Oxford School and at Providence College. O'Hurley was married to Eva LaRue from 1992 until they divorced in 1994. He has been married to Lisa Mesloh since 2004. With Mesloh, he has a son.

He was the host of *Family Feud* from 2006 to 2010. He left the show in 2010 and was replaced by Steve Harvey.

## References
## Other websites
* The official John O'Hurley web site
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Kathy Najimy

**Kathy Ann Najimy** (born February 6, 1957) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actress who is known for her voice role as Peggy Hill in *King of the Hill*.

Najimy was born on February 6, 1957 in San Diego, California. She studied at Como Elementary School. She has been married to Dan Finnerty since 1995. They have a daughter.

## References
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*Official website
Lionel Wilson

**Lionel Wilson** (**Lionel Lazarus Salzer**, March 22, 1924 &ndash; April 30, 2003) was an American voice, radio, stage, television, and movie actor who is known for his voice role as Eustace Bagge in Courage the Cowardly Dog and for voicing all the characters for popular 1950s animated TV series Tom Terrific.

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Arthur Anderson

**Arthur Anderson** (August 29, 1922 &ndash; April 9, 2016) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor. His career began on radio during the early 1930s. Anderson was known for his voice role as Eustace Bagge in *Courage the Cowardly Dog*.

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Montel Williams

**Montel Brian Anthony Williams** (born July 3, 1956) is an American movie, television, voice, radio actor, activist, and talk show host who is known for being the host of his own show *The Montel Williams Show*. He has won an Emmy Award.

Williams was born on July 3, 1956 in Baltimore, Maryland. He has been married to Rochele See from 1982 until they divorced in 1989. Then he was married to Grace Morley from 1992 until they divorced in 2000. He is now married to Tara Fowler since 2007. With See, he has two children. Then with Morley he has two children.

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Oliver North

, 2010]]
**Oliver Laurence North** (born October 7, 1943) or **Ollie North** is a retired United States Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel, political commentator, television host, military historian, and New York Times best-selling author. He is currently the host of War Stories with Oliver North on Fox News Channel. 

In 2018, North became the President of the National Rifle Association of America (NRA).

North was at the center of national attention during the Iran–Contra affair, a political scandal in the late 1980s during the presidency of Ronald Reagan. Some people say North took the blame and punishment rather than Reagan.

North was born on October 7, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas. North grew up in Philmont, New York. He studied at State University of New York at Brockport. He has been married to Betsy Stuart since 1987.

## References
## Other websites
*Podcasts of North's recent articles 
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Rip Taylor

**Charles Elmer "Rip" Taylor, Jr.** (January 13, 1934 &ndash; October 6, 2019) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, radio actor, activist, entertainer, and comedian who was known for his roles in *Indecent Proposal*, *Tom and Jerry: The Movie*, *DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp*, *Thing Are Tough All Over Again*, *Jackass*, and in *Alex & Emma*. He also hosted a beauty pageant show *The $1.98 Beauty Show* from 1978 to 1980.

Taylor was born on January 13, 1934 in Washington, D.C.. He was inspired by Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, Redd Foxx, and Mickey Rooney. He inspired Dana Snyder. He was openly gay. 

Taylor died of congestive heart failure at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Beverly Hills, California on October 6, 2019 at the age of 85. A week before his death, he had a seizure.

## References
## Other websites
*Rip Taylor's personal webpage 
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Jack Betts

**Jack Richard Nelson Betts** (April 11, 1929 &ndash; June 19, 2025) or **Hunt Powers** was an American movie, television, stage, voice, radio actor, comedian, and activist. He was known for his roles in *One Damned Day at Dawn Django Meets Sartana*, *A Barrel Full of Dollars*, *Sugar Colt*, ''Mockingbird Don't Sing*, *The Bloody Brood*, and in *Spider-Man''

Betts was born on April 11, 1929 in Miami, Florida. He studied at the Actors Studio.

Powers died on June 19, 2025 at his home in Los Osos, California at the age of 96.

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Julia Sweeney

**Julia Sweeney** (born October 10, 1959) is an author, movie actress and comedian who also stars on television. She starred in the movies *Pulp Fiction* and *Stuart Little*. She also performed on *Saturday Night Live*.

Sweeney was born near Spokane, Washington.
Nervesa della Battaglia

**Nervesa della Battaglia** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 45&nbsp;km north of Venice and about 20&nbsp;km north of Treviso.

Sites include the remains of the Abbey of Sant'Eustachio, near the Piave river, which reached its apex in the 13th century. It was abandoned in 1865, and heavily damaged during the Battle of the Piave River in World War I. Another disappeared convent is the Charterhouse of San Girolamo, located on the Montello hill.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Proloco Nervesa
Tom Conway

**Thomas Charles Sanders** ("Tom Conway", September 15, 1904 – April 22, 1967) was an English movie, television, voice, stage, and radio actor. He was known for his roles in *101 Dalmatians*, *Peter Pan*, *Cat People*, *I Walked with a Zombie*, and in *The Seventh Victim*. He was the older brother of actor George Sanders.

Conway was born on September 15, 1904 in St. Petersburg, Russia to English parents. He was raised in Bringhton, England, and studied at Brighton College. 

He was married to Lillian Eggers from 1941 until they divorced in 1953. Then he was married to Queenie Leonard from 1958 until they divorced in 1963. Conway had no children. 

Conway died on April 22, 1967 in Culver City, California from cirrhosis of the liver, aged 62.

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Ciudad Victoria

**Ciudad Victoria** (), is the capital of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is also the municipal seat of Victoria Municipality.

## Other websites
* Dirección de Tecnología 
* Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria 
* Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
HMT Empire Windrush

The ***Empire Windrush*** arrived at Tilbury on 22 June 1948, carrying 493 passengers from Jamaica wishing to start a new life in the United Kingdom.  The passengers (including one stowaway) were the first large group of West Indian immigrants to the UK after the Second World War.

When the people from the *Windrush* arrived at port, they were faced with discrimination and racism because of the colour of their skin. Some people now call the *Windrush* a new journey for them as they all went through the racism, but in the end, came out just as equal as everyone else.

Before 1948, the ship, under the name of *Monte Rosa*, had been used for cruises in pre-war Germany, and then as a German troopship and prisoner transport ship, before being captured by the British and taken as a war prize.  She continued to be used as a British troopship after 1948, but sank in the Mediterranean Sea in March 1954 after a sudden and catastrophic fire in her engine room, just off the coast of Algeria.

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Cedric the Entertainer

**Cedric Antonio Kyles** (born April 24, 1964) is an American movie, television, stage, voice actor, entertainer, and comedian who is known for his roles in *The Original Kings of Comedy*, *The Steve Harvey Show*, *Larry Crowne*, *Barbershop*, *Johnson Family Vacation*, *Madagascar*, *Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa*, ''Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted*, *Planes*, *Planes: Fire & Rescue*, and in *Why Him?*.

Cedric was born on April 24, 1964 in Jefferson City, Missouri. He has been married to Lorna Wells since 1999. He has two children and a step-daughter.

In September 2013, Cedric became the new host of the syndicated game show *Who Wants to Be a Millionaire''. He took over for Meredith Vieira, who has hosted the show since 2002. He left the show after one season of hosting due to his busy schedule, he was replaced by Terry Crews in September 2014.

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JoBeth Williams

**Margaret JoBeth Williams** (born December 6, 1948) is an American movie, television, stage, voice actress, and movie director. She is known for her roles in *Poltergeist*, *The Big Year*, *The Big Chill*, *Poltergeist II: The Other Side*, *Kramer vs. Kramer*, and in *Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot*.

Williams was born on December 6, 1948 in Houston, Texas. Williams studied at Jones High School and at Brown University. She married John Pasquin in 1982. They have two children.

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Craig T. Nelson

**Craig Theodore Nelson** (born April 4, 1944) is an American actor, who is known for his roles as Hayden Fox in *Coach* and as Mr. Incredible in *The Incredibles*. He has won an Emmy Award.

## Life
Nelson was born on April 4, 1944 in Spokane, Washington. He studied at the University of Arizona and at Central Washington University. He was married to Robin Nelson until they divorced in 1978. He is now married to Doria Cook since 1987.

## Filmography
### Film
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### Theatre
### Video games
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Alan Tudyk

**Alan Wray Tudyk** (born March 16, 1971) is an American actor. He played Hoban "Wash" Washburne in *Firefly*, Doc Potter in *3:10 to Yuma* and as Dutch in *Transformers: Dark of the Moon*. On voice acting, he voiced Lenny in *Ice Age* and other Disney characters in each movies and television. He is also known for his prominent role in Moana as Heihei, Moana's loyal pet chicken.

Tudyk was born in El Paso, Texas. Tudyk was raised in Plano, Texas. He studied at Plane Senior High School, Lon Morris High School, and at the Juilliard School.

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Gerard Butler

**Gerard James Butler** (born 13 November 1969) is a Scottish movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in *300*, *Law Abiding Citizen*, *PS, I Love You*, *Dracula 300*, *Coriolanus*, *Machine Gun Preacher*, *How to Train Your Dragon*, *Olympus Has Fallen*, *London Has Fallen* and Angel Has Fallen.

Butler was born on 13 November 1969 in Paisley, Scotland. Butler was raised in Glasgow, Scotland. He studied at St. Mirin's High School and at Glasgow University. He dated actress Jennifer Aniston for a few months in 2009.

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Joakim Noah

**Joakim Simon Noah** (born February 25, 1985) is an American former professional basketball player for the Chicago Bulls. He started his basketball career in 2004 and retired in 2020. He also played in his high school basketball teams at the United Nations International School, at Poly Prep Country Day School, and at The Lawrenceville School. Noah is 6 feet and 11 inches. During his NBA career, he played for the Chicago Bulls, New York Knicks, Memphis Grizzlies, and Los Angeles Clippers.

Noah was born on February 25, 1985 in New York City, New York to a French father and to a Swedish mother. Noah played for the French national team.

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Beauty and the Beast (1991 movie)

***Beauty and the Beast*** is a 1991 American animated musical fantasy movie produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 30th movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series and the third movie of the Disney Renaissance period. The movie is based on the fairy tale *La Belle et la Bête* by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont It is about a prince who is turned into a beast and a young woman named Belle whom he imprisons in his castle. To become a prince again, the Beast must love Belle and win her love in return, or he will remain a Beast forever.

The movie was first released into movie theaters on November 22, 1991. It become very popular. This is the first animated feature that was nominated for an Oscar for Best Picture. A direct-to-video sequel called *Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas* was released in 1997. It was followed in 1998 by another sequel, ''Belle's Magical World*. An IMAX special edition version of the original movie was released in 2002, with a new five-minute musical sequence included. After the success of the 3D re-release of *The Lion King'', the movie returned to theaters in 3D on January 13, 2012. A live-action remake was also released on March 17, 2017.

## Voice cast (in alphabetical order) 
* Robby Benson as Beast, a Minotaur-like monster.
* Jesse Corti as LeFou
* Rex Everhart as Maurice
* Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Potts
* Paige O'Hara as Belle, a Postulant.
* Jerry Orbach as Lumiere
* Bradley Michael Pierce as Chip
* Jack Riley as Beast's vocal effect
* David Ogden Stiers as Cogsworth and the Narrator
* Richard White as Gaston
* Mary Kay Bergman as Bimbette #1
* Brian Cummings as the Stove
* Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller
* Tony Jay as Monsieur D'Arque
* Alec Murphy as the Baker
* Kimmy Robertson as the Featherduster
* Hal Smith as Philippe's vocal effects
* Kath Soucie as Bimbettes #2 and #3
* Frank Welker as Foolstool’s vocal effects and Wolves’ vocal effects
* Jack Angel, Bill Farmer, Patrick Pinney and Phil Proctor as Tom, Stanley, Walter and Dick respectively
* Susanne Blakeslee, Vanna Bonta, Liz Callaway, Jennifer Darling, Jennifer Hale, Sherry Lynn, Edie McClurg, Mickie McGowan and Laraine Newman as women
* Bruce Adler, Philip L. Clarke, Albert de Ruiter, Larry Hansen, Daran Norris and Kevin Michael Richardson as men

Other villagers' voices and additional vocals were provided by Charlie Adler, Stephen J. Anderson, Scott Barnes, Bob Bergen, Maureen Brennan, Rodger Bumpass, James Cummins, Margery Daley, Debi Derryberry, Tate Donovan, George Dvorsky, Paul Eiding, Bruce Fifer, Johnson Flucker, Randy Hansen, Jess Harnell, Mary Ann Hart, Alix Korey, Phillis Kubey, Hearndon Lackey, Maurice LaMarche, Danny Mann, Larry Moss, Panchali Null, Wilbur Pauley, Jennifer Perito, Caroline Peyton, Brian Posehn, Cynthia Richards-Hewes, Katherine Ringgold, Stephani Ryan, Gordon Stanley and Stephen Sturk.

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