open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ultraman (character)

**Ultraman** is a popular Japanese superhero character that originated from the television series *Ultraman*, which first aired in 1966. Created by Eiji Tsuburaya, the character is part of the larger *Ultra Series*, which features various Ultraman characters who are known for their giant size and ability to protect humanity from alien threats and monsters.

Ultraman typically embodies themes of courage, justice, and sacrifice. He is often portrayed as a heroic figure who transforms from a human form into a giant being to battle formidable foes. The initial series followed a character named Shin Hayata, a member of the Science Patrol, who merges with Ultraman after a near-fatal accident. This partnership allows him to tap into Ultraman's powers to combat monsters that threaten Earth.

Over the years, Ultraman has become a cultural icon in Japan and has inspired numerous sequels, spin-offs, movies, manga, and merchandise. Each series often introduces new Ultraman heroes, each with their unique abilities, forms, and stories. The franchise has evolved through various styles, from traditional tokusatsu (Japanese live-action special effects) to animated adaptations, continuing to captivate audiences around the world.
Tatiana Schlossberg

**Tatiana Celia Kennedy Schlossberg** (May 5, 1990 &ndash; December 30, 2025) was an American environmental journalist and author. She was a science and climate reporter for *The New York Times*. She also wrote for *The Atlantic, The Washington Post,* *Vanity Fair*, and Bloomberg. 

She was a daughter of designer Edwin Schlossberg and diplomat Caroline Kennedy, and a granddaughter of John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States and  First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. 

In 2024, after the birth of her daughter, Schlossberg was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. In November 2025, she said her diagnosis was terminal and that doctors have told her that she had one year to live. Schlossberg died on December 30, 2025 from the disease, at the age of 35.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Articles  on Muck Rack
Ultraman (DC Comics)

**Ultraman** is a character from DC Comics that is an alternate version of Superman. 

## Publication history 
He first appeared in *The Brave and the Bold* #75 in 1968. 

## Fictional character biography 
In this alternate universe, Ultraman is part of the Crime Syndicate of America, a villainous counterpart to the Justice League.

His origin story differs from Superman’s; Ultraman hails from a parallel universe known as Earth-3, where he was raised by a family that instilled in him a belief in power above all else.

## Powers and abilities 
While he shares many of the same powers as Superman, such as super strength, flight, and heat vision, Ultraman has darker tendencies and is depicted as a ruthless and power-hungry figure.

Ultraman's abilities are often fueled by exposure to kryptonite, but unlike Superman, he draws power from the green kryptonite that weakens him in the original Superman comics. He is a prominent member of the Crime Syndicate, which includes other evil counterparts of Justice League members, like Owlman (Batman), Superwoman (Wonder Woman), and Johnny Quick (The Flash).

## Themes 
Throughout various storylines, Ultraman typically serves as a formidable antagonist to the heroes of the DC Universe, embodying themes of tyranny and the corruption of power.

## In other media 
He has been portrayed in live-action by Tom Welling on the television series *Smallville* and by David Corenswet in the 2025 movie *Superman*.
Seth godin

Seth Godin (born 1960) is an American author, entrepreneur, and marketing expert. Also known as "F.X. Nine" he is known for his ideas about how marketing is changing in the internet age.

## Early Life 
Godin graduated from Tufts University with a degree in computer science and philosophy. He later earned an MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business. He grew up in New York and developed an interest in technology and business early on.

## Career 
He worked in brand management and then founded his first company. In 1995 he co-founded Yoyodyne, a marketing company. The company was sold to Yahoo! in 1998.

After that, Godin focused on writing and speaking. He wrote many best-selling books about marketing, leadership, and how ideas spread.

## Ideas & Impact 
Godin is famous for promoting concepts like *permission marketing* (marketing people consent to), *ideavirus* (ideas that spread like viruses), and *being remarkable* (standing out rather than fitting in).

His work encourages people and organizations to create value and build meaningful connections. He suggests that over interrupting or pushing a message.

Godin changed how people think about marketing. Instead of relying only on big ads or shouting the loudest, he argues success comes from being generous, remarkable, and connecting with people who care. His ideas helped shape modern marketing and the way businesses and individuals approach ideas, creativity, and community.

## Books 
Godin wrote many books. Selected works include:

* Purple Cow: Transform Your Business by Being Remarkable (2003)
* The Dip (2007)
* All Marketers are Liars (2005)

## Personal Life 
Godin lives in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, with his family. He blogs daily, is a speaker, and hosts workshops.
Michael Myers

**Michael Myers** or **Mike Myers** may refer to:

*Michael Myers (New York politician) (1753–1814), American politician from New York
*Michael Myers (judge) (1873–1950), sixth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Zealand
*Michael Myers (Pennsylvania politician) (born 1943), American politician from Pennsylvania
*Michael Myers (songwriter), British songwriter 
*Michael Myers (*Halloween*), a fictional character and antagonist in the *Halloween* film series
*Mike Myers (born 1963), American-Canadian actor, comedian, screenwriter and film producer
*Mike Myers (baseball) (born 1969), American Major League Baseball pitcher
*Michael Myers (American football) (born 1976), National Football League defensive tackle
*Michael Myers (racing driver) (born 2001), American race car driver
Underneath the Tree

"**Underneath the Tree**" is a Christmas song by American singer Kelly Clarkson. The song was written by Kelly Clarkson and Greg Kurstin (who also produced it). It was released on November 5, 2013, by RCA Records. It is the lead single from her sixth studio album *Wrapped in Red*. The song went to the top 10 in many countries like Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. The music video for the song has a live performance from the television special ''Kelly Clarkson's Cautionary Christmas Music Tale'' at The Venetian Las Vegas.
My Pretty One

"**My Pretty One**" is a 1987 song by Cliff Richard and is the leading single from his 28th studio album *Always Guaranteed*. It went to number 6 in the United Kingdom, number 4 in Ireland, number 20 in Austria and number 10 in South Africa.

## References
Étival-Clairefontaine

**Étival-Clairefontaine** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Vosges department in northeast France.

## References
China Tobacco

The **China National Tobacco Corporation** (), usually called **China Tobacco** (), is a large Chinese tobacco company owned by the Chinese government. It is one of the largest tobacco companies in the world and is usually thought to be part of Big Tobacco.

## References
Bassetlaw

**Bassetlaw** is a local government district in the north of Nottinghamshire, England. The largest town in the district is **Worksop**. The district also includes the historic market town of **Retford**. Bassetlaw is one of seven districts in Nottinghamshire.

## Geography 
Bassetlaw is close to the borders with South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. The area has farmland, villages, woodland, and former coal mining towns. The main rivers in the district are the River Idle and the River Ryton.

## History 
The name *Bassetlaw* comes from one of the areas recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. Many communities in the district grew in the 1800s, when coal mining and related industries became important. Most of the mines have now closed.

## Towns and villages 
Important settlements in the district include:

* **Worksop** – the largest town
* **Retford** – a historic market town
* Harworth and Bircotes
* Tuxford
* Many smaller rural villages

## Economy 
Modern Bassetlaw has jobs in retail, food production, warehousing, light industry, and public services. Some people travel to nearby cities such as Sheffield, Doncaster, and Nottingham for work.

## Transport 
The district is served by major roads such as the A1 and the A57.  There are railway stations in Worksop and Retford, with services to Sheffield, Lincoln, and other towns.

## Education 
Bassetlaw has several primary and secondary schools. Adult and vocational education is mainly provided in Retford and nearby areas.

## Healthcare 
The main hospital in the district is **Bassetlaw Hospital** in Worksop, which provides many local health services.

## Landmarks and places 
Notable places in Bassetlaw include:

* Clumber Park – a large country park and former estate
* Worksop Priory – a Norman church
* Rufford Abbey – historic abbey and parkland nearby
* **Idle Valley Nature Reserve** – a large wildlife area near Retford

## Government 
Bassetlaw is run by **Bassetlaw District Council**.  It is part of the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, and some services are provided by Nottinghamshire County Council.

## Notable people 
Several writers, sports players, and artists come from towns and villages across Bassetlaw.
List of Shinto shrines in Taiwan

When the Empire of Japan controlled Taiwan they made many Shinto shrines in Taiwan. Here is a list of the Shrines.

## See also 
* Shinto
* Shinto shrine
* Taiwan under Japanese rule
Les Masies de Roda

**les Masies de Roda** is a municipality in the province of Barcelona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia, in Spain.
Doppler broadening

that is broadened from Doppler broadening. The solid line is the emission profile that hasn't been broadened. The dashed line is the emission profile that has been broadened.]]
In atomic physics, **Doppler broadening** is when spectral lines become wider. This effect is caused by the Doppler effect. Atoms and molecules emit or absorb particles. The atoms and molecules move at many different velocities. When an atom emits a particle, the speed of the particle is similar to the atom that it came from. This means that the particles move at many different velocities. These particles have different amounts of Doppler shifts. This results in emission or absorption line broadening. Emission and absorption lines are measured in a line profile. The widened line profile is called a **Doppler profile**. 

Doppler broadening can have many different causes. A common type is **thermal Doppler broadening**. Thermal Doppler broadening is caused by the thermal motion of particles (particles moving in different speeds because of heat).

## References
Roda de Ter

**Roda de Ter** is a municipality in the province of Barcelona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia, in Spain.
Kirby Air Riders

***Kirby Air Riders*** is a racing video game made by Bandai Namco Studios and Sora Ltd. and published by Nintendo. The game is only on the Nintendo Switch 2. It is a sequel to the game *Kirby Air Ride* that came out in 2003. The game was released on November 20, 2025. Kirby Air Riders is directed by Masahiro Sakurai, who created the Kirby video game series.

## References
Tubbo

**Tobias James Smith** (born December 23, 2003) known online as **Tubbo**, is a British YouTuber and Twitch streamer who is primarily known for creating *Minecraft* content. He was also known for his time on the Dream SMP, an invite-only on a survival multiplayer (SMP) *Minecraft* server. He has 5.2 million followers on Twitch on July 2025 for making him the 44th most followed streamer on the platform. He was nominated for getting th*e Best Minecraft* streamer at 2021, 2022, and the 2023 Streamer Awards. He was friends with TommyInnit.
## Early life
Tobias James Smith was born on December 23, 2003 in Chichester, West Sussex.  . He was raised and lived in Bognor Regis, West Sussex and moved to Brighton. 
## References
MBC 1 (Middle East and North Africa)

**MBC 1** is a free-to-air Saudi Arabian general entertainment television channel. It is owned by the media conglomerate MBC Group.

MBC Group was launched in the early 1990s with the start of broadcasting on **MBC** (now known as **MBC 1**) as the first free-to-air satellite television channel owned by the private sector, broadcasting 24/7. The channel offered a mix of entertainment and news programming, which helped it gain a wide audience throughout the Arab world.

## Programming 
MBC 1 offers a diverse range of Arabic series and programs. On the religious front, the channel broadcasts numerous Islamic reports during religious occasions and offers religious and educational programs during the holy month of Ramadan, in addition to charitable programs such as ''Qalby Etmi'nan* The channel also provides comprehensive coverage of the Day of Arafah, one of the most important religious events for Muslims, with the participation of dozens of correspondents.

The channel has ventured into local production with the production and broadcast of "Driven," a program specializing in the world of cars, racing, speed, and car modification, which has aired for four seasons. Alongside "Driven," which is dubbed into Arabic with some scenes censored.

The channel was among the first Arabic channels to broadcast the latest foreign movies dubbed into Arabic, offering a selection of American and Indian movies between October 2009 and August 2010. Today, the channel continues to dub popular Bollywood movies, with its inaugural movie being *Jab Tak Hai Jaan'', starring Katrina Kaif, Anushka Sharma, and Shah Rukh Khan. Among the channel's most prominent presenters is Mustafa Al-Agha.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Original archived website
* 
*
Ivi Adamou

**Ivi Adamou** (born 24 November 1993) is a Greek Cypriot singer. In 2010, she rose to fame in Greece and Cyprus following her participation in the  of the  of *The X Factor*, after her elimination from the competition, she secured a recording contract with Sony Music Greece. She gained further recognition from her participation in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, where she represented Cyprus with the song "".

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Extended plays
### Singles
#### As lead artist
#### As featured artist
## References
Amirhossein Kalbasi

**Amirhossein Kalbasi (Persian: امیرحسین کلباسی;**  (born 11 March 2000 in Isfahan) is an Iranian football player who plays as a right back for F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran in the Persian Gulf Pro League. 

He started his career in the youth academy of Sepahan and later played for Sepahan B, helping the team get promoted from the third to the second league. He also played for Shams Azar Qazvin in the top league before joining Nassaji Mazandaran in 2025. He is known for his defensive skills and ability to build attacks from the right flank.

## Early life
Kalbasi was born in Isfahan, Iran. He started playing football at a young age and quickly became known for his speed, tactical awareness, and physical strength.

## Club career
### Sepahan B
He played for Sepahan B in the lower leagues of Iran and was part of the team that achieved promotion from League 3 to League 2.

### Shams Azar Qazvin
In 2024, Kalbasi joined Shams Azar Qazvin in the Persian Gulf Pro League. He played 9 games in the first half of the season and was noted for his performances on the right side of defense.

### Nassaji Mazandaran
In 2025, he moved to F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran and became a regular starter in the defense.

## Playing style
Kalbasi is known for his speed, accurate crossing, and ability to support attacks from the right side. He is also strong defensively and adapts well to different team tactics.

## Honours
* Promotion from League 3 to League 2 with Sepahan B
* Regular appearances in the Persian Gulf Pro League with Shams Azar Qazvin and Nassaji Mazandaran

## References

## Other websites 
* Transfermarkt profile
* SofaScore stats
Émile Mbouh

**Émile Belmont Mbouh Mbouh** (born 30 May 1966) is a Cameroonian former footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a midfielder. He was known for his relentless energy and strong defensive play. As a key component in Cameroon's midfield, Mbouh's ability to intercept passes and protect the defense was instrumental, showcasing his tactical awareness throughout the tournament. Although the Indomitable Lions faced a challenging group stage, Mbouh's standout moment came in a spirited match against Sweden, where he managed to maintain composure and control in the midfield despite the high stakes. His disciplined play saw him clock significant minutes on the field, contributing to Cameroon's unforgettable World Cup journey. Known for his tenacity and work ethic, Émile Mbouh remains a cherished figure among fans of Cameroon's vibrant football history. Recognized as one of the best defensive midfielders of his generation.

## Club career
He started his career in Union Duala. From 1986 to 1988 he played for Diamant Jaounde, later he played for Le Havre AC, and in the 1989/1990 season he moved to Swiss CS Chênois. Later, he went to Portugal to play for Vitória SC. There he scored 1 goal and made 1 assist in 14 matches. In the 1991/1992 season, he played for Benfica e Castelo Branco, where he made 20 appearances (1 goal, 1 assist). In the 1992/1993 season, he played for Saudi Ettifaq FC. During the 1994 World Cup, he was a player for Qatar SC. He played there for one season, after which he decided to transfer to Malaysia, to Perlis FA. He played there for two seasons. He then played for clubs such as Singapore's Tiong Bahru United, Malaysia's Kuala Lumpur FA and Sabah FA, and China's Liaoning Tianrun.

## International career
He participated in the 1990 and 1994 World Championships. At the World Cup in Italy, he played four matches, against Argentina (yellow card in the 54th minute), against Romania, against Russia, and against Colombia (yellow card in the 68th minute). In 1994, he played in two matches, against the Swedes (yellow card in the 5th minute of the match), and against the Brazilians. In total, he played 6 matches at the World Cup and was punished with yellow cards 3 times. 

## Honours
**Cameroon**
*African Cup of Nations: 1988; runner-up, 1986
*Afro-Asian Cup of Nations: 1985

## References
## Other websites
*
The Kills

**The Kills** are an English-American rock duo formed in 2001.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Keep on Your Mean Side* (2003)
* *No Wow* (2005)
* *Midnight Boom* (2008)
* *Blood Pressures* (2011)
* *Ash & Ice* (2016)
* *God Games* (2023) 

## References
Kissflow

**Kissflow** is a private software company founded in 2003 specializing in providing a low-code and no-code development platform for business process automation. In 2012, the company introduced the Kissflow platform at Google I/O.  

## History 
Kissflow was founded as OrangeScape Technologies Private Limited in 2003 in Chennai, India, by Suresh Sambandam. According to Forbes, it got $1m in revenue in 2009. In 2012, the company introduced the Kissflow platform at Google I/O and rebranded its U.S. operations as Kissflow, Inc. after discontinuing its other products and focusing exclusively on Kissflow. The Indian entity retained its original name, OrangeScape Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Kissflow 2.0 was launched in 2015, introducing a more user-friendly interface compared to the original version.

## Reviews 
Kissflow’s platform is primarily used for low-code and no-code application development, workflow automation, and business process management without requiring deep technical expertise.

It was recognized as a *Strong Performer* in the Q1 2024 edition of Forrester Research on Low-Code Platforms for Citizen Developers. Kissflow scored 5/5 in the Roadmap category and 4.5/5 in Developer Experience.​

## References
Leptodactylus laticeps

The **Santa Fe frog** (*Leptodactylus laticeps*) is a frog.  It lives in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay.

## Home
These frogs live on the ground in and near forests. I can dig holes or use holes that other animals dug. Scientists saw the frog as high as 300 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in many protected places: Parque Nacional Defensores del Chaco, Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso. Scientists think it could also live in Reserva Natural Formosa, Parque Natural Provincial Fuerte Esperanza, Parque Natural Provincial Loro Hablador, and Parque Nacional Copo.

## Young
Scientists are not sure how the tadpoles live. They think the tadpoles live underground.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in a little danger of dying out.  The National Red List in Argentina says it is in some danger of dying out. The National Red List in Paraguay says it is not in danger of dying out.

In Paraguay and Argentina, people catch this frog to sell as a pet.

People change the places where the frog lives, for example in the Chaco Seco. People change the place to make places for cows to eat grass. Fires and chemicals from farms can also hurt this frog. Big new roads like route PYIX (Transchaco) and route Bioceánica also change the frog's home.

## References
Lierna Chair

**Lierna** is a chair designed by Italian designers Achille Castiglioni and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni in 1959 at Lierna, made for Cassina.

## Description
The Lierna chair, named in honor of the town on Lake Como, features a lacquered solid wood frame and a padded seat upholstered in leather or fabric, and is considered a historic piece of Italian design. Despite being made of solid wood, the chair is very lightweight.

The design of the Lierna chair is very clean and pragmatic, reflecting on traditional models, following the path also explored by Giò Ponti. One of the key studies leading to the creation of this chair was ergonomics. The Castiglioni brothers commented on the Lierna chair: *“It is a chair specifically designed as a seat to be placed at the dining table. Therefore, it has a rather high backrest that shields the diner’s shoulders, narrow to facilitate the movements of those serving the meal, and well suited to the composed posture of seated people. The chair was designed by us for Cassina, and we focused on a lightweight chair with essential section joints…”*

## Production
The original version was produced by Cassina until 1960, after which production moved to Gavina. It is now a frequent item at international auctions, and a re-edition was recently produced in collaboration with the Castiglioni Foundation. The chair, with a curved backrest, was conceived in the 1950s as an innovative solution for new ways of sitting.

It was inspired by a later variant of the original "La Lierna" chair, the "La Irma" chair (Zanotta, 1979), where Achille Castiglioni maintained the same concept but replaced wood with steel tubing. The Lierna chair also inspired Giorgio Cattelan’s "La Lara".

## The Castiglioni Method
The Lierna chair was designed by Achille Castiglioni and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni in Lierna on the shores of Lake Como, applying the innovative Castiglioni Method created by Giannino Castiglioni.

Giannino Castiglioni, father of Achille Castiglioni, Pier Giacomo Castiglioni and Livio Castiglioni, was a master and founder of Italian design, and with his children helped define the concept of Made in Italy recognized internationally. Some of the family’s works are exhibited at the MoMA in New York.

## References
Acala

**Acala** or **Achala** also known as Acalanātha or Āryācalanātha, is a wrathful deity and dharmapala (protector of the Dharma) prominent in Vajrayana Buddhism and East Asian Buddhism Acala is often shown in a fierce, “wrathful” form: his body is usually dark blue or black, and he has a flaming aura. He carries a sword in one hand, symbolizing wisdom that cuts through ignorance, and a noose in the other hand, which represents his power to bind negative forces.

Acala’s role is not only as a protector but also as a destroyer of obstacles — both external (evil spirits) and internal (ignorance, fear). Some Buddhist traditions use mantra recitation and *fire rituals* (goma) to honor him. His mantra, for example, is “Om Acalanatha Hum Phat” (in Sanskrit) or “Nōmaku Sanmanda Bazara Dan Kan” in Japanese Shingon belief.
## References
Adana Şakirpaşa Airport

Adana Şakirpaşa Airport (IATA: ADA, ICAO: LTAF) is a general aviation airport located in Adana. It served as the main commercial airport of Cilicia region from 1937 to 2024. Çukurova International Airport, which opened on 10 August 2024, replaced Şakirpaşa Airport as the regional airport. All commercial airline flights have been moved to the new airport, while Şakirpaşa Airport is now used primarily for private travel, pilot training and air sports.

## References
Alex Cora

Jose Alexander Cora (born October 18, 1975) is a Puerto Rican professional baseball manager. He previously played in MLB for 14 seasons with the Red Sox, Los Angeles Dodgers, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets, Texas Rangers, and Washington Nationals. 

Cora served as the bench coach for the Houston Astros when they won their first World Series title in 2017.

He was named Boston's manager the following season, winning a franchise-best 108 games and leading the team to victory in the 2018 World Series.

## References
Ornella Vanoni

**Ornella Vanoni**  (; 22 September 1934 – 21 November 2025) was an Italian singer-songwriter. She had released 121 works between LP, EPs and greatest hits albums, and sold over 65 million records. She was thought to be one of the most popular singers of Italian pop music.

Vanoni died of a heart attack at her home in Milan, Italy on 21 November 2025 at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Thomas McMahon (bishop)

**Thomas McMahon** (17 June 1936 – 24 November 2025) was an English Roman Catholic bishop. From 1980 to 2014, he was the Bishop of Brentwood.

McMahon grew up in Harlow. He was ordained on 28 November 1959 at the seminary in Wonersh.

On 16 June 1980, Pope John Paul II appointed Fr McMahon as the Bishop of Brentwood. In 2011, he announced his resignation which became official in 2014.

McMahon died on 24 November 2025, at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*Diocese of Brentwood web site: Biography of Bishop Thomas
Rodney Rogers

**Rodney Ray Rogers Jr.** (June 20, 1971 – November 21, 2025) was an American professional basketball player. He played for many teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1993 until 2005. He played for the Denver Nuggets, Los Angeles Clippers, Phoenix Suns, Boston Celtics, New Jersey Nets, New Orlean Hornets and the Philadelphia 76ers.

Rogers died on November 21, 2025 from problems caused by a spinal cord injury at the age of 54. He was injured in an ATV accident in November 2008.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Allan Moffat

**Allan George Moffat**, OBE (10 November 1939 – 22 November 2025) was a Canadian-Australian racing driver. He was known for his four championships in the Australian Touring Car Championship, six wins in the Sandown 500, his four wins in the Bathurst 500/1000 and his win in the 1975 12 Hours of Sebring. Moffat was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Moffat was honored into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 1999. In October 2018, he was honored into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame.

Moffat was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2019. He died on 22 November 2025 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia from problems caused by the disease, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
Nikita Simonyan

**Nikita Pavlovich Simonyan** (, ; 12 October 1926 – 23 November 2025) was a Soviet and Russian football striker and coach. He spent most of his career at Spartak Moscow. There, he was the top scorer of all time with 160 goals. He played for the Soviet Union national team, winning the gold medal at the 1956 Olympics.

Simonyan was the Russian football First Vice-president of the Russian Football Union. 

On 20 November 2025, Simonyan was hospitalized in Moscow, Russia after falling and breaking his leg. He died three days later on 23 November 2025 at the age of 99.

## References
## Other websites
* Profile and interview 
* 
* 
*
Vanes Martirosyan

**Vanes Norikovich Martirosyan** ( ; 1 May 1986 – 23 November 2025) was an Armenian-born American professional boxer. He competed from 2005 to 2018. He fought twice for a light middleweight world title in 2013 and 2016. He also fought once for unified middleweight world titles in 2018.

Martirosyan died on 23 November 2025 from skin cancer in California at the age of 39.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Stars are Aligned for Vanes Martirosyan
* Vanes Martirosyan - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live
Jenő Hámori

**Jenő Hámori** (27 August 1933 – 23 November 2025) was a Hungarian-American fencer. He won a gold medal in the team sabre event at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He represented the United States at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

## References
Sam Bailey

**Samantha Florence Bailey** (born 29 June 1977) is an English pop singer. In 2013, she won the  of *The X Factor*, after she won the contest she released her debut single, a cover of Demi Lovato's "" was released on 15 December 2013, achieving the  on 22 December 2013. The first *X Factor* winner in three years to get the Christmas number one. Her debut studio album, ''*, was released in March 2014 and peaked at number one on the UK Albums Chart. The album was re-released in December 2014 titled *The Power of Love (The Gift Edition)*, and featured five new tracks including three Christmas covers and a reworking of an original song titled "Treasure". She released her second studio album, *'', in September 2016 and peaked at number thirty-three on the UK Albums Chart.

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Singles
### Other charted songs
### Soundtracks
### Other appearances
### Music videos
## Notes
## References
Yoro Lamine Ly

**Yoro Lamine Ly** (27 August 1988 – 23 November 2025) was a Senegalese professional footballer. He last played for FC Shirak in Armenian Premier League. He played for the Senegal national football team once in 2010.

Ly died on 23 November 2025 at the age of 37.

## References
## Other websites
*
Stokely Carmichael

**Kwame Ture** ( ; born **Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael**; June 29, 1941November 15, 1998) was a Trinidadian-American activist. He had a major role in the civil rights movement in the United States and the pan-African movement. He lead the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and then became the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party. He was a leader of the All-African People's Revolutionary Party (A-APRP).

Ture died of prostate cancer on November 15, 1998 at the age of 57 in Conakry, Guinea.

## References
MBC 2 (Middle East and North Africa)

**MBC 2** is a Saudi television channel and one of the channels of MBC Group, Launched in 2003, it was established as a premier destination for Hollywood movie enthusiasts, offering a diverse selection of popular Hollywood movies, alongside timeless classics and exciting new releases. The channel provides a unique cinematic experience to suit all tastes, from thriller, adventures and action movie to award-winning movies, as well as romance and more.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
H. Rap Brown

**Jamil Abdullah al-Amin** (born **Hubert Gerold Brown**; October 4, 1943 – November 23, 2025), was an American Muslim cleric who was the fifth chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in the 1960s. He was the Black Panther Party's minister of justice. He was also known for his autobiography, *Die Nigger Die!* He served a life sentence for murder after the shooting of two Fulton County, Georgia, sheriff's deputies in 2000. 

In July 2014, Brown was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and was transferred to Butner Federal Medical Center in North Carolina. In March of 2025, he was transferred again to FMC Butner for medical help. He died at FMC Butner on November 23, 2025, at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
* SNCC Digital Gateway: H. Rap Brown, a documentary website about the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University 
* Video with Stokely Carmichael, Oakland 1968
* Online audiorecordings and video of H. Rap Brown via UC Berkeley Black Panther site 
* Bio and Sound Clip, History Channel
* Biography of Ricky Kinchen  from the Southern Poverty Law Center report *15 Law Enforcement Officers Murdered by Domestic Extremists since the Oklahoma City Bombing*
Gumber (caste)

**Gumber** is a colloquial prefix used to predestined the Muslim Kirar ("Arora") or some other menial salesman, who were mostly reconsidered as one of many landless sergeant within the diarchal regency of former Phulkian state, whereas most of their familial kinswoman were exploratory wayfarer since the shortly lived tenure of Ala singh of Bathinda and its forbearing highness.

## See also 
* Refugee
* Caste system
* Bathinda state

## References 
## See also 
* Refugee
* Caste system
* Bathinda state

## References
Charles McDew

**Charles** "**Chuck**" **McDew** (June 23, 1938 – April 3, 2018) was an American civil rights activist. He was the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from 1960 to 1963.

McDew died on April 3, 2018 of a heart attack in West Newton, Massachusetts at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*Charles McDew website
* SNCC Digital Gateway: Chuck McDew, Documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-out
* Civil Rights Movement Archive
West Newton, Massachusetts

**West Newton** is one of the thirteen villages in the city of Newton in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.

## Other websites
*History of Newton Villages 
*Historic postcard of Brae Burn Country Club WN
*Historic postcard of West Newton Railway Station which was destroyed when the Turnpike came through
Randolph, New Jersey

**Randolph** is a township in southwestern Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 26,504.

## References
CAM (clade)

The CAM Clade includes Archaeplastida (plants) and a group called Pancryptista, which has species like Cryptista and Microheliella maris. A study from 2022 showed that Pancryptista is closely related to Archaeplastida, so they are like siblings in a family tree. Together, these groups are called CAM, which stands for Cryptista, Archaeplastida, and Microheliella.

## Evolution Tree 
The following cladogram shows the arrangement of the subclades within CAM:

## References
MBC 4

**MBC 4** is a free-to-air Saudi Arabian television channel broadcast by MBC Group. It was launched in 2005, the channel targets contemporary Arab women and young girls. It is the first channel in the Middle East specializing in US television programs. The channel, dedicated to foreign programs and series in general, and American series in particular, is generally in English, but is often dubbed into Arabic. The channel broadcasts the most popular American series and entertainment programs, in addition to exclusive news programs, competitions, and music and film award ceremonies. It also features several popular international dramas in their Arabic versions, such as "The 45 Rules of Divorce" and "Miss Farah." It offers a diverse range of Turkish, Korean, and Spanish series, The channel also airs Arabic productions inspired by international works, starring some of the international most prominent actors and actresses.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
River Ryton

**The River Ryton** is a small river in Nottinghamshire, England, flowing through several towns and villages in the Bassetlaw district. Although modest in size, it has played a notable role in the local geography, history, and development of the area.

## Course 
The River Ryton rises near **Lindrick Common** to the west of Worksop. From its source, it flows eastward through:

* **Worksop** – where parts of the river run underground through culverts  
* **Scofton** and the **Osberton Estate**  
* **Barnby Moor**  
* **Blyth** – where it receives minor tributaries  
* **Scrooby** – close to historic Pilgrim Fathers sites

The river eventually joins the River Idle near **Bawtry**.

## Tributaries 
The river is fed by several smaller streams and drains, including:

* Oldcotes Dyke  
* Anston Brook  
* Various agricultural drainage channels

## Geography and environment 
The Ryton passes through mixed landscapes, including woodland, farmland, and low-lying wetland areas. The river corridor provides habitat for species such as the Water vole, Kingfisher, and various coarse fish.

Local conservation groups and environmental agencies carry out monitoring and habitat restoration along the river.

## Human use 
Historically, the River Ryton supported:

* Watermills and early industry in Worksop  
* Agricultural irrigation  
* Local fishing

Today the river features in local walking routes and provides scenic value to towns and estates along its course. Sections of the river in Worksop have been engineered for flood management.

## Flooding 
The Ryton is susceptible to localized flooding, particularly around Worksop and downstream during periods of heavy rainfall. Ongoing efforts aim to strengthen flood defences and monitor water levels.

## Related pages 
* River Idle
* Worksop
* Bassetlaw
River Idle

The **River Idle** is a river in Nottinghamshire, England. It flows through the north of the county and passes several towns and villages. The river is known for its slow-moving water and wide floodplains.

## Course 
The River Idle begins near **Markham Moor**, where the River Maun and River Meden meet. From there it flows north and east through:

* **Retford**
* **Barnby Moor**
* **Mattersey**
* **Bawtry**

After Bawtry, the river travels through flat farmland before joining the River Trent near **West Stockwith**.

## Tributaries 
Tributaries of the River Idle include:

* River Maun
* River Meden
* River Ryton
* River Torne (through drainage systems)
* Several man-made drains

## Geography and environment 
The River Idle flows through farmland, wetlands, and nature reserves. Because the land is very flat, the river moves slowly. This helps support wildlife, including fish, wetland birds, and animals.

The **Idle Valley Nature Reserve** near Retford is one of the largest nature reserves in the East Midlands and lies along the river.

## History and human use 
The river has been changed and managed by humans for many years. It has been straightened, diverted, and controlled to help farming and reduce flooding.

The River Idle was once important for:

* Fishing
* Water mills
* Small-boat transport

Today it is mainly used for:

* Flood control
* Nature conservation
* Recreation, such as walking, birdwatching, and angling

## Flooding 
The River Idle often floods because the surrounding land is low and flat. Pumping stations and drainage channels help protect towns and farmland during heavy rain.

## Related pages 
* River Ryton
* Nottinghamshire
Leo Genovese

**Leonardo Genovese** (born 1979) is an Argentine jazz pianist, keyboardist, and composer. He has played with The Mars Volta.
Action Ma' Waleed

'''''Action Ma' Waleed'''* (Arabic: أكشن مع وليد, formerly: *Action Ya Dawri'', أكشن يا دوري) is a Saudi sports program presented by Saudi media personality Waleed Al-Faraj. The program is considered one of the sports talk shows in Saudi Arabia, and it frequently hosts sports journalists and media figures, including: Adel Al-Tuwaijri, Gharm Al-Omari, Jamal Aref, Adel Al-Mulhem, Hamed Al-Balawi, Nazih Al-Nasr, and former international referee Mohammed Fouda. One of its most prominent discussion topics is the Saudi Professional League.

## References
Martin Jarvis

**Martin Jarvis** OBE (born 4 August 1941) is an English actor. The BBC called him "one of Britain's most distinguished and versatile actors". He is known for playing Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon in the 1997 Academy Award-winning movie *Titanic*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* *Guardian* Q & A September 2007
* *The Times* May 2004
Rosalind Ayres

**Rosalind Ayres** (born 7 December 1946) is an English actress. Ayres is well known for her role in the 1997 movie *Titanic*, in which she played Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon. Her husband, Martin Jarvis, played Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon in the movie.

## References
## Other websites
*
Radical right (Europe)

The terms **radical right**, **reactionary right**, **populist right**, and **hard right** have been used for a number of political parties in Europe. These parties started in the 1970s, and they often share a common set of ideas:

* They are against globalization
* They are against immigration
* They do not like multiculturalism
* Sometimes they are against the European Union
* Sometimes they are against a liberal democracy, and propose different forms of dictatorship
These parties and movements can be very different: Some are simply in the right-wing of the political landscape, others are national conservative, or neo-fascist. Very often they are populist.

## References
2025 Niger State school kidnapping

On 21 November 2025, gunmen kidnapped 315 people from St Mary's School in Papiri, Niger State, Nigeria. No group has yet claimed responsibility for the attack. 303 students and 12 teachers were kidnapped. All other schools in Niger State, as well as many in nearby states, have closed as a result of the attack. Fifty students escaped on 23 November, according to the CAN, leaving 253 children in captivity. The attack caused fear in the area, and many families waited for news about their childern.

## References
Michael Ensign

**Michael Ensign** (born February 13, 1944) is an American actor. He is known for playing Benjamin Guggenheim in the 1997 movie *Titanic*. Ensign voiced the villainous Doctor Nefarious Tropy in the video games *Crash Bandicoot: Warped*, *Crash Team Racing*, *Crash Nitro Kart* and *Crash Twinsanity*.

## References
## Other websites
* Michael Ensign at the British Film Institute
* 
* Michael Ensign  (Aveleyman)
My Big Fat Greek Life

***My Big Fat Greek Life*** is a 2003 American television sitcom that was originally aired on CBS from February 24 to April 13. It was related to the 2002 movie *My Big Fat Greek Wedding*.
NHL entry draft

The **NHL Entry Draft** (French: ''Repêchage d'entrée dans la LNH'') is a yearly event where **NHL teams select young hockey players**. North American players aged **18–20** and European/international players aged **18–21** can be drafted. Older players enter as free agents.

Teams pick players from **junior leagues, college teams, and professional leagues in Europe**. The draft is usually held **two to three months after the NHL season ends**.

= History =
The first draft was held in **1963** in Montreal. It was called the **NHL Amateur Draft** until **1979**. It became **public in 1980** and was **shown on TV in 1984**.

### Draft age changes 
* **1974**: Draft age lowered to 18.
* **1975**: Draft age returned to 20.
* **1979**: Players who played professionally could be drafted; draft name changed to NHL Entry Draft; age included 19-year-olds.
* **1980**: Draft age lowered to **18–20** for North Americans; over 20 for non-North Americans.

### Public and TV coverage 
* 1980: Draft became public at Montreal Forum.
* 1985: First draft outside Montreal (Toronto).
* 1984: First TV coverage in Canada.
* 1987: First U.S. draft (Detroit).
* 1989: First U.S. TV coverage.

### Ending junior team sponsorship 
Before the draft, NHL teams signed young players directly through contracts called **A, B, and C forms**. These were removed in 1967 to make the draft system fairer.

### Future changes 
From **2025**, the draft will use a **decentralized model**, like the NBA, where most business is done remotely.

= Draft Order =
The order of picks is based on:

# **Lottery**
# Regular season points
# Playoff results

Teams can trade picks, but the order is based on the **original team**.

### Basic order 
# Teams that **missed the playoffs** (picks 1–16)
# Playoff teams that did not win their division or reach Conference Finals
# Division winners not in Conference Finals
# Conference Finals losers
# Stanley Cup runner-up
# Stanley Cup winner

If a team does not sign its first-round pick, it receives a **compensatory pick** in the second round at the same position.

= Draft Lottery =
After the season, the **16 teams that missed the playoffs** take part in a **weighted lottery**.

* Worst team has highest chance to win (18.5%).
* Best non-playoff team has lowest chance (1.0%).
* Lottery only affects the **first round**; later rounds follow basic order.

### Lottery rules over time 
* **1995–2012:** One winner; could move up 4 spots.
* **2013–2015:** One winner; moves to first overall.
* **2016–2020:** Three winners; decide first three picks.
* **2021:** Two winners; decide first two picks.
* **2022 and later:**
** Maximum 10 spots jump.
** Teams may only jump **twice in five years**.
** No team can fall more than 2 places.

The lottery is now held at **NHL Network studios in Secaucus, New Jersey**.
Cosmo Duff-Gordon

**Sir Cosmo Edmund Duff-Gordon, 5th Baronet**, DL (22 July 1862 – 20 April 1931) was an Englishman and sportsman who owned land in Scotland. He was best known for the controversy about his escape from the sinking of the RMS *Titanic*. He was accused of bribing sailors on his lifeboat not to turn back and rescue more people.

## References
## Other websites
* Encyclopedia-Titanica.org Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon
Lethal Weapon (franchise)

***Lethal Weapon*** is a popular series of American action-comedy movies that originally started in the late 1980s. Created by Shane Black, the franchise revolves around two mismatched police officers, Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh, who navigate crime and personal challenges while forming a strong bond of friendship.

## Movies 
* *Lethal Weapon* (1987)

* *Lethal Weapon 2* (1989)

* *Lethal Weapon 3* (1992)

* *Lethal Weapon 4* (1998)

## Television series 
* *Lethal Weapon* (2016–2019)

## Legacy 
The *Lethal Weapon* franchise is known for its blend of action, humor, and character-driven storytelling, making it a hallmark of the buddy cop genre. The chemistry between Mel Gibson and Danny Glover is often cited as one of the standout features of the series. The movies also explore themes of friendship, family, and redemption, contributing to their lasting appeal.
African Cats

African cats is a Disney nature film released in April 2011, on Earth Day theaters. It follows over several African cats and their journey ruled by a lion named fang. It was part of Disneynature.

The film was released on April 22, 2011, and received positive reviews from critics.

## Plot
Rocky Balboa

as Rocky from the 2006 movie *Rocky Balboa*]]
**Robert "Rocky" Balboa** (also known by his ring name the **Italian Stallion**) is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the *Rocky* movie series, created by Sylvester Stallone, who also portrays him. Rocky is a tough, resilient boxer from Philadelphia known for his underdog story, determination, and iconic fighting spirit. The character first appeared in the 1976 movie *Rocky*, which was a huge success and earned Stallone an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. He also appeared in *Rocky II* (1979), *Rocky III* (1982), *Rocky IV* (1985), *Rocky V* (1990), *Rocky Balboa* (2006), *Creed* (2015), *Creed II* (2018) and *Creed III* (2023). Rocky's journey from a small-time boxer to a champion has inspired many and has become a symbol of perseverance and grit.