open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Monoceros

**Monoceros** () is a constellation on the celestial equator. Its name is Greek for 'unicorn'. It was described by 17th-century Dutch cartographer Petrus Plancius. 

## Location 
Orion is to the west of Monoceros. Gemini is to the north. Canis Major is to the south. Hydra is to the east. 

Other constellations next to Monoceros are Canis Minor, Lepus and Puppis.

## Notable features 
### Stars
Monoceros is hard to see with the naked eye. Its brightest star, Alpha Monocerotis, has a visual magnitude of 3.93. It is brighter than Gamma Monocerotis at 3.98. 

Monoceros does have some interesting features to look at with a small telescope. Beta Monocerotis is a triple star system. The three stars form a triangle which looks to be in one spot. William Herschel commented that it is "one of the most beautiful sights in the heavens".

V838 Monocerotis, a binary star system that used to be a triple star system, was known for a sudden outburst in size and brightness, originating from two stars merging.

Monoceros also has Plaskett's Star. It is a big binary system. Its whole mass is said to be that of almost 100 Suns put together. It is as hard to find as the Cancer constellation. 

## References
## Further reading
* 
* 

## Other websites
* VISTA Reveals the Secret of the Unicorn — ESO Photo Release
* The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Monoceros
* The Constellations Web Page - Monoceros
* Star Tales – Monoceros
* Monoceros Constellation at Constellation Guide
Eugene I. Gordon

**Eugene Irving Gordon ** (September 14, 1930 – September 15, 2014) was an American physicist.  He was Director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs.

Gordon was born on September 14, 1930 in New York City. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1952 with a B.S. in physics, and completed his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957. 

He became director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs. He married Renate Albrecht on December 31, 1991. He died on September 15, 2014 in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, aged 84.

## References
Boris Khimichev

**Boris Petrovich Khimichev** (Борис Петрович Химичев; 12 January 1933 – 14 September 2014) was a Ukrainian-born Russian actor. He was named a People's Artist of Russia in 1993. Khimichev was known for his roles in *Aty-baty, shli soldaty...*, *The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe*, and in *TASS Is Authorized to Declare...*.

Khimichev died at the age of 81 from a brain tumor.

## References
## Other websites
*
Puppis

**Puppis** is a constellation that can be seen in the southern sky. It is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.

## Notable features
Argo Navis was sub-divided in 1752 by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, forming Puppis.

## References
## Other websites
* The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Puppis
* Star Tales – Puppis
* Puppis Constellation at Constellation Guide
AFC Cup

The **AFC Cup** is a football competition run by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It is available to clubs from AFC-affiliated countries that fall into the AFC's "developing nations" category per the *Vision Asia* document.

## References
Jessy Schram

**Jessica "Jessy" Schram** (born 15 January 1986) is an American actress. She played Hannah Griffith in *Veronica Mars*. She also played Susan Davis in the *Jane Doe* television series on the Hallmark Channel.

Schram was born in Skokie, Illinois.

## References
South China AA

**South China Athletic Association** (also known as **South China**, **SCAA**, ) is a Hong Kong sports club, best known for its football team. It is the most successful club in Hong Kong. They won a record 41 First Division League titles. They have also won a record 31 Senior Shields, a record 10 FA Cups and 3 League Cups.

## Honours
### Domestic
* **Hong Kong First Division League**
:*Winners (41):* 1923–24, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1948–49, 1950–51, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2012–13
:*Runners-up (16)*: 1928–29, 1946–47, 1953–54, 1955–56, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1972–73, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1988–89, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2010–11

* **Hong Kong Second Division League**
:*Winners (5):* 1917–18, 1925–26, 1933–34, 1951–52, 1952–53
:*Runners-up (?):*

* **Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield**
:*Winners (31):* 1928–29, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1940–41, 1948–49, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1964–65, 1971–72, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2013–14
:*Runners-up (?):*

***Hong Kong Viceroy Cup**
:*Winners (8):* 1971–72, 1979–80, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1990–91, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1997–98
:*Runners-up (7):* 1973–74, 1974–75, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1995–96

***Hong Kong FA Cup**
:*Winners (10):* 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2001–02, 2006–07, 2010–11
:*Runners-up (4):* 1975–76, 1985–86, 1997–98, 2000–01

***Hong Kong League Cup**
:*Winners (3):* 2001–02, 2007–08, 2010–11
:*Runners-up (2)*: 2014–15, 2015–16

* **Hong Kong Junior Challenge Shield**
:*Winners (9):* 1947–48, 1950–51, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1966–67
:*Runners-up (?):*

***Hong Kong Community Shield**
:*Runners-up (1):* 2009

### Asian
* **Asian Cup Winners Cup**
:*Runners-up (1):* 1993–94
* **AFC Cup**
:*Group Stage:* 2014
Lepus (constellation)

**Lepus** is a constellation south of the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for hare.  The hare is not from any figure in Greek mythology. Lepus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. It is one of the 88 modern constellations. It is below the constellation Orion (the hunter). It is known as a hare being chased by Orion.

This constellation should not be mixed up with Lupus, the wolf.

## Notable features 
### Deep-sky objects
* IC 418 is a planetary nebula located about 1,100 light years away.
* There is one Messier Object in Lepus, M79. It is a globular cluster of magnitude 8.0, 42,000 light-years from Earth. It is one of the few globular clusters seen in the Northern Hemisphere winter.

## References
## Further reading
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). *Stars and Planets Guide*, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .

## Other websites
. Credit: ESO/J.-B. Le Bouquin et al.]]
* Hundred metre virtual telescope captures unique detailed colour image — ESO's Organisational Release
* The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Lepus
* Star Tales – Lepus
* Lepus Constellation at Constellation Guide
Han Geng

**Han Geng** (; Hangul: 한경; born February 9, 1984) is a Chinese Mandopop singer and actor. He was a member of South Korean boy bands, Super Junior and Super Junior-M.
Tim Hudson

**Timothy Adam Hudson** (born July 14, 1975) is a retired American professional baseball player. He played the pitcher position.

The first professional team that Hudson played for was the Oakland Athletics. He has also played with the Atlanta Braves and San Francisco Giants.

## Early life
Hudson attended Glenwood School in Phenix City, Alabama.  In his senior year, his team went to the 1993 AISA state championship.  He finished his high school year with 12 wins and one loss.  He had a 1.78 earned run average.  Even with his great statistics, Hudson was not drafted or offered a scholarship to a big college.  Hudson decided to go to a local two-year college.  He went to Chattahoochee Valley Community College (CVCC).

## References
Super Junior-M

**Super Junior-M**, often referred to as **SJ-M**, is a Mandopop boy band, under SM Entertainment. They are the first international music group in the Chinese music industry to have members of both Chinese and Korean descent.

Super Junior-M is the third subgroup of Super Junior and the most successful.

## Members
### Current members
*Sungmin
*Eunhyuk
*Donghae
*Siwon
*Ryeowook
*Kyuhyun
* Zhou Mi
*Henry

### Former members
*Han Geng

## Discography
### Studio albums
**Me* (2008)
**Break Down* (2013)

### Original Soundtracks
**Skip Beat!* (2012)

### Extended plays
**Super Girl* (2009)
**Perfection* (2011)
**Swing* (2014)

## References
Wanderlei Silva

**Wanderlei César da Silva** ( ; ; born July 3, 1976) is a Brazilian retired mixed martial artist. He is nicknamed "*The Axe Murderer*" and "*Cachorro Louco*". Silva is best known for his time in Pride Fighting Championships and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) promotions. He is the record holder for most wins, knockouts, title defenses, and longest winning streak in PRIDE history. He has a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and black prajied in Muay Thai. He is known for his aggressive fighting style with the most of his fights ending in either a knockout or referee stoppage because of strikes.

On 22 October 2013, he was announced as a coach for *The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3*, where he would compete against his long-time rival Chael Sonnen. Silva was suppose to have a bout with Sonnen, which was briefly attached to UFC 173. and then at The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3 Finale was expected to take place on July 5, 2014 at UFC 175. UFC president Dana White would later say that the fight had to be moved back when Silva injured his hand and back during a brawl with Sonnen which happened during the filming of the show. Silva was pulled from the fight entirely because he had failed to submit an application to fight in the state of Nevada, as well as him refusing to undergo a random drug test. Silva was replaced by Vitor Belfort. On June 10, 2014, Chael Sonnen was reported to have failed a drug test and was not allowed to fight on the UFC 175 card, due to his failed drug test, Sonnen announced that he was retiring from the sport the next day.

On September 19, 2014, Silva announced that he was retiring from mixed martial arts.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*UFC profile
Lofa County

**Lofa County** is a county in Liberia.

The county is bordered by Bong County to the south and Gbarpolu County to the west. The northwestern parts of Lofa border the nation of Sierra Leone. The northeastern parts border Guinea. Mount Wuteve, the highest mountain in Liberia, is in the county.
Dree Hemingway

**Dree Hemingway** (born December 4, 1987) is an American fashion model and actress. She is the daughter of Mariel Hemingway and niece of Margaux Hemingway. She did editorials for ''Harper's Bazaar* and for *Vogue''.

Dree Hemingway was born in Idaho.

## References
Hamdeen Sabahi

**Hamdeen Sabahi** (, ; born 5 July 1954) is an Egyptian left-wing politician, journalist and poet. He is the leader of the Egyptian Popular Current. He also leads National Salvation Front with Amr Moussa. Sabahi is a Nasserist.

## Early life
Sabahi was born in a small town to a peasant father.
Gemini (constellation)

**Gemini** is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy. It is one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for "twins." It is from the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its symbol is  ().

## Location
 of the constellation Gemini (center), "the twins", shows two parallel stick figures. Gemini is associated with the myth of Castor and Polydeuces (also known as Pollux). They are all known as the Dioscuri.]]
Gemini lies between Taurus to the west and Cancer to the east. Auriga and Lynx are to the north. Monoceros and Canis Minor are to the south.

### Meteor showers
The Geminids are a meteor shower that can be seen best on December 13–14. People watching it see about 100 meteors per hour at most. It one of the richest meteor showers. The Epsilon Geminids peak between October 18 and October 29. They have only been recently confirmed. They overlap with the Orionids. This makes the Epsilon Geminids hard to see. Epsilon Geminid meteors move faster than Orionids.

## Mythology
'', a set of constellation cards published in London c.1825.]]

In Babylonian astronomy, the stars Castor and Pollux were known as the Great Twins (MUL.MASH.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL). The Twins were thought of as minor gods. They were called Meshlamtaea and Lugalirra. These names meant 'The One who has arisen from the Underworld' and the 'Mighty King'. Both names can be understood as titles of Nergal, the major Babylonian god of plague and pestilence. He was king of the Underworld.

## Visualizations
's alternative way to connect the stars of the constellation Gemini. Twins are shown holding hands.]]

Castor and Pollux are the brightest stars in Gemini. They are two bright stars that appear very close together forming an o shape.

## Astrology
The Sun appears in the constellation Gemini from June 20 to July 20. In tropical astrology, the Sun is in the sign Gemini from May 21 to June 22, and in sidereal astrology, from June 16 to July 15.

## References
* 
* H. A. Rey, *The Stars&nbsp;— A New Way To See Them*. Enlarged World-Wide Edition. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1997. .
* 
* Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). *Stars and Planets Guide*, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .

## Other websites
* The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Gemini
* Astrojan Astronomical Picture Collection : The clickable Gemini 
* WikiSky: Gemini constellation
* Ian Ridpath's Star Tales: Gemini
*APOD Pictures of Gemini and Deep Sky Objects:
# A Spring Sky Over Hirsau Abbey
# The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble
# The Medusa Nebula
# Open Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158
# NGC 2266: Old Cluster in the NGC
* Constellation Guide: Gemini Constellation
Alf Ivar Samuelsen

**Alf Ivar Samuelsen** (28 February 1942 – 16 September 2014) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. Samuelsen served as Mayor of Flakstad. He served as mayor from 1986 through 1987. Samuelsen was born in Flakstad. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Nordland in 2005. He was not re-elected in 2009.

Samuelsen died in a tractor accident on 16 September 2014 in Flakstad. He was 72.

## References
Andriy Husin

**Andriy Leonidovych Husin** (; 11 December 1972 – 17 September 2014) was a professional Ukrainian football player and coach. 

He played in the Ukraine national football team. He was one of Ukraine's most capped players. He was a member of Ukraine's 2006 World Cup Squad, and played several games in the 2006 World Cup.

Husin was killed in a motorcycle crash in Kyiv on 17 September 2014.

## References
## Other websites
China Zorrilla

**China Zorrilla** (, **Concepción Matilde Zorrilla de San Martín Muñoz**; 14 March 1922 – 17 September 2014) was an Uruguayan theater, movie, and television actress. She was known for her roles in *La maffia*, *Esperando la carroza*, *Besos en la Frente*, *Conversations with Mother*, and in *Elsa & Fred*.

Zorrilla died on 17 September 2014 from pneumonia in a hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
John Mercer Langston

**John Mercer Langston** (December 14, 1829 &ndash; November 15, 1897) was a dean at Howard University. He helped create the department of law at the university.

Langston was born a free black in Virginia. His mother used to be a slave. His father was English. He was elected town clerk in Ohio. This made him the first black person to hold a public office (a job where the people vote for you). In 1888, he was elected to the U.S. Congress. He was the first black congressman from Virginia.
Shaukat Tarin

**Shaukat Tarin** or **Shaukat Tareen** (born 1 January 1953) is a senior Pakistani banker. He was Pakistan's finance minister from 2009 to 2010.

## References
Walter Washington

**Walter Edward Washington**, (April 15, 1915 &ndash; October 27, 2003) was an American politician.  He was chief executive of District of Columbia from 1967 to 1979, serving as the first and only Mayor-Commissioner from 1967 to 1974 and as the first home-rule mayor of the District of Columbia from 1974 to 1979.  He was the last presidentially-appointed mayor of the District of Columbia.

## Other websites
*FBI Files pertaining to Walter Washington
* Walter Washington's oral history video excerpts  at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Frank Nighbor

**Julius Francis Joseph "Pembroke Peach" Nighbor** (January 26, 1893 &ndash; April 13, 1966) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. In March 2010, at a Quebec auction, an American collector paid $33,000 USD to secure Frank Nighbor's game-worn Ottawa Senators sweater from the 1926–27 season.

He played for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Hockey Association (NHA) and Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL, Toronto Blueshirts of the NHA and Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA).

Nighbor died of cancer on April 13, 1966 in Pembroke, Ontario at the age of 73.

## References
## Further reading
*
*

## Other websites
*
*
Constitution of Chile

of 1980.]]
The **Political Chilean Constitution ** () is the main source about the actual structure of the government and laws in Chile. It was approved in a plebiscite in 1980 and effective in 1981. The main editor of the constitutional text was Jaime Guzmán. The original text contains 120 articles, with 29 transitional provisions. It was reformed in 1989, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 and the last constitutional reform was made in 2008. Now the actual text contains 129 articles and 21 transitory provisions.

## Related pages
*Constitution
*Constitutionalism

## References
## Other websites 
* The Chilean Constitution in Wikisource
* Official translation of the original 1980 Constitution  (PDF file)
* "Untying the knot" (The Economist)
Mark Messier

**Mark John Douglas Messier**  (; born January 18, 1961) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre and a former special assistant to the president and general manager of the New York Rangers. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 until 2004. He played for the Edmonton Oilers, New York Rangers, and Vancouver Canucks. He also played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). He was nicknamed "The Moose" because of his aggressiveness and strength.

## Career 
He is considered to be one of the greatest NHL players of all time that was unable to win an Olympic medal. Messier is listed second on the all-time career lists for regular season points (1887), playoff points (295) and regular season games played (1756). During his career, he was able to win six Stanley Cups, winning it five times the Oilers and one time with the Rangers. 

He is the only player to have captained two different professional teams to championships. He was also a one-time Conn Smythe Trophy winner as the most valuable player during the playoffs in 1984. He was named as an NHL All-Star 15 times during his career and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 12, 2007. On June 30, 2017, he was named an Officer of the Order of Canada by Governor General David Johnston.

## Related pages 
* Geese
* Canada

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Linwood Holton

**Abner Linwood Holton, Jr.** (September 21, 1923 &ndash; October 28, 2021) was an American and attorney. He served as the 61st Governor of Virginia. He served as governor from 1970 to 1974. He was the first Republican governor since Reconstruction. Holton, Jr. was born in Big Stone Gap, Virginia.

His daughter, Anne Holton, is married to United States Senator of Virginia Tim Kaine.

Holton died on October 28, 2021 in Kilmarnock, Virginia at the age of 98.

## References
George Hamilton IV

**George Hege Hamilton IV** (July 19, 1937 – September 17, 2014) was an American country musician. He began performing in the late 1950s as a teen idol, later switching to country music in the early 1960s. He performed for the Grand Ole Opry for nearly 50 years.

Hamilton had a heart attack on September 13, 2014. He later died at Saint Thomas Midtown Hospital in Nashville on September 17.

## References
Julio Jaramillo

**Julio Alfredo Jaramillo Laurido** (October 1, 1935 – February 9, 1978) was a famous Ecuadorian singer and recording artist. He performed throughout Latin America. He received great fame for his music of boleros, valses, pasillos, tangos, and ranchera

Having recorded more than 4,000 songs throughout his career, his most famous song was perhaps "Nuestro Juramento" written by Puerto Rican composer, Benito de Jesús.

Jaramillo died from liver sclerosis at the age of 42 in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

## References
Keith Anderson

**Keith Anderson** is an American country music singer. He has made two albums. His *Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll* album was #1 on the *Billboard Hot Country Songs* chart.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll* (2005)
* ''C'mon!'' (2008)

## References
Cassandra Lynn

**Cassandra Lynn Hensley** (née **Jensen**; August 15, 1979 &ndash; January 15, 2014), better known by her stage name **Cassandra Lynn**, was an American model. She was best known for work with *Playboy*. She was the Playmate of the Month for February 2006.

Lynn was born in Price, Utah and raised in Salt Lake City. She was married Gary Hensley on February 7, 2009. She also had two children; a daughter, Alexis, from a previous relationship, and a son, Devin, with Hensley.

Lynn died on January 15, 2014 at her friend's home in Los Angeles, California, aged 34. She was found by her friend floating in a bathtub. Her death was caused by an accidental overdose of cocaine and alcohol.

## References
## Other websites
*
Reeva Steenkamp

**Reeva Rebecca Steenkamp** (19 August 1983 &ndash; 14 February 2013) was a South African model and television personality. At the time of her death, she had been filming her part for the reality television show *Tropika Island of Treasure*. The series was filmed in Jamaica. As a model, she had a contract with Capacity Relations. She was also a presenter for FashionTV.

## Life and murder 
Steenkamp was born in Cape Town and raised in Port Elizabeth. Her parents are Barry Steenkamp, a horse trainer, and his second wife June. She was of Dutch and German ancestry. During her early twenties, she broke her back in a horse riding fall, and had to learn how to walk again. She was a paralegal. She dated rugby union player Francois Hougaard. At the time of her death, Steenkamp was dating Paralympic and Olympic athlete Oscar Pistorius.

Steenkamp was shot and killed by her boyfriend Oscar Pistorius on a Valentine's Day 2013 in Pretoria at age of 29. He mistakenly her as an intruder in their home. Pistorius was arrested and charged with murder. He claims he thought she was an intruder. After a very public trial, Pistorius was charged with culpable homicide on 12 September 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*
Debra Paget

**Debra Paget** (born **Debralee Griffin** August 19, 1933 in Denver, Colorado) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. She played Cathy Reno in *Love Me Tender*. She also played Lily Becker in *Stars and Stripes Forever.*

## References
Warren County, Missouri

**Warren County** is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,532. The county is located on the north side of the Missouri River. Its county seat is Warrenton. The county was started on January 5, 1833. It was named for General Joseph Warren, who died in the Battle of Bunker Hill during the American Revolutionary War.

Warren County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is crossed by Route 94, called the "Missouri Weinstrasse". This is because of the many vineyards from Marthasville east into St. Charles County. Warren County is also part of the Missouri Rhineland, with award-winning wineries located on both sides of the Missouri River.

## References
Double Indemnity

***Double Indemnity*** is a 1944 film noir movie about an insurance salesman (Fred MacMurray) and a housewife (Barbara Stanwyck). It was nominated for seven Academy Awards.
## References
Kenny Wheeler

**Kenneth Vincent John Wheeler**, OC (14 January 1930 – 18 September 2014) Most of his performances were in jazz, but he was also active in free improvisation and sometimes was into rock music recordings. Wheeler wrote over one hundred compositions and was a skilled arranger for small groups and larger ensembles. Wheeler was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Wheeler died after a short period of frail health at a nursing home in London on 18 September 2014. He was 84 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* 2003 Interview with journalist John Eyles, from AllAboutJazz.com
* 2005 Review of the Kenny Wheeler Big Band by John Fordham in the 'Guardian'
* Kenny Wheeler discography at discogs
David Foster Wallace

**David Foster Wallace** (February 21, 1962 – September 12, 2008) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and professor of English and creative writing. Wallace is widely known for his 1996 novel *Infinite Jest*. It was called by *Time* magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.

Wallace committed suicide (by hanging) on September 12, 2008, at age 46.

## References
## Other websites
* David Foster Wallace Archive, The University of Texas at Austin
* "An Appraisal: Writer Mapped the Mythic and the Mundane", by Michiko Kakutani, *The New York Times*, September 14, 2008.
* "David Foster Wallace, 1962–2008", by David Gates, *Newsweek*, September 14, 2008.
* "The Unfinished" by D. T. Max, *The New Yorker*, March 9, 2009.
* "Everything & More: The Work of David Foster Wallace" by Malcolm Knox, *The Monthly*, November, 2008.
* "David Foster Wallace and the Velveteen Rabbit", *Identity Theory*, August 2011.
* "King of the Ghosts", n+1, October, 2011.
Elaine Lee

**Elaine Lee** (23 December 1939 &ndash; 19 September 2014) was a South African-Australian actress. She was best known for her role as Vera Collins in the 1970s television soap opera *Number 96*. She also appeared in the drama series *Heartbreak High* and *Home and Away*.

Lee was born in Springs, Transvaal (now Gauteng). She was married to actor Garth Meade. The couple moved from South Africa to Australia so Meade could have a better career in 1970. In 1976, the couple's marriage ended in divorce.

Lee died on 19 September 2014 in Sydney, New South Wales, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sacrifice (2014)

**Sacrifice (2014)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on April 27, 2014 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the ninth Sacrifice event that TNA held and was also the second event in TNA's 2014 pay-per-view schedule.

There were eight matches on the card with three main events. The main events saw Eric Young defeat Magnus to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, Gunner defeat James Storm in "I Quit" match and Bobby Roode defeat Bully Ray in a Tables match.

Sacrifice gained mixed reviews with James Caldwell, from Pro Wrestling Torch, saying "there were probably three or four independent shows this weekend with more star-power in their main events". Caldwell also gave the Bobby Roode-Bully Ray match minus two stars.

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official TNA Sacrifice website
Jürg Schubiger

**Jürg Schubiger** (14 October 1936 &ndash; 15 September 2014) was a Swiss children's writer and psychologist. In 1996, for his work on *Als die Welt noch jung war*, he won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (German Youth Literature Award). He was also the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2008 for his work on children's books. He wrote around thirty books between 1956 and 2010. He also wrote prose novels.

Schubiger was born in Zürich and raised in Winterthur. He graduated from the University of Zürich. He was married to Renate Bänninger Schubiger. The couple had two sons.

Schubiger died after a long illness on 15 September 2014 in Zürich. He was 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
American imperialism

**American imperialism** is the American policy of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism. 

Expansionism was a primary objective of most empires, an example being the British Empire. This includes politics, money, culture, and the military. After World War II, the United States became a strong and powerful country. This influence continues today. It has a strong global influence.

American imperialism began in the 1890s. In 1896, the US annexed the Hawaiian Islands. 

After the Spanish-American War, the US annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. In 1914, the US completed the Panama Canal. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine increased American influence in Latin America. It was the basis for Roosevelt's Big Stick policy. 

## History 
### Before World War II 
Before World War II, America was isolationist, in accordance with the wishes of its first president, George Washington. Starting at the beginning of the 20th century, its influnce grew with movies and music. It also had a very important role in World War I, which led to much discussion within America.

### After World War II 
After World War II, the United States became very strong. It had a good economy. When the Marshall Plan started in 1948, America helped rebuild Europe. This started America's close relationship with Europe. Because of all this, other countries became dependent on the United States and followed its lead. It was a founding member of the UN, an organization made to make countries work together.

### Cold War 
During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the two big powers. The US wanted to stop the spread of communism, so it formed alliances like NATO and gave aid to other countries. This made the U.S. very influential and important to global politics.

### After the Cold War 
When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the United States became the only superpower. This made the world unipolar (one central power), with the U.S. as the main leader. The US shaped international institutions, made economic rules, and sometimes used its military in different parts of the world.

## Economic power 
The U.S. dollar is the main currency used around the world. This makes the U.S. very powerful economically. Organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are also influenced by the U.S. This helps the U.S. set global economic policies and make trade agreements that help its interests (what the US wants).

## Cultural influence 
American culture, like movies, music, and technology, is spread worldwide. American tech companies, social media, and fashion also have a big impact.

## Challenges and concerns 
Some people  America. They say the U.S. sometimes acts like an empire, putting its interests before others. Military interventions and the idea that America is special  have made some upset.

### China 
China has been growing economically since the 20th century. Some people think that China will overtake America on the World Stage.

## References
Herman Hollerith

**Herman Hollerith** (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was an American statistician and inventor. He developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards. This tabulated (put into tables) the data from millions of people. He was the founder of the *Tabulating Machine Company* that later became IBM.

Hollerith is known as the father of modern machine data processing. The start of automatic data processing systems came with his invention. Programs and data were put in to computer by punched cards in the 1950s and 60s.

Hollerith began working for the United States Census Bureau in the year he filed his first patent application. Titled "Art of Compiling Statistics", it was filed on September 23, 1884; U.S. Patent 395,782 was granted on January 8, 1889.

Hollerith built machines under contract for the Census Office, which used them to tabulate the 1890 United States Census in only one year. The previous 1880 United States Census  had taken eight years.

Hollerith started his *Tabulating Machine Company* in 1896. Major census bureaus around the world leased his equipment and purchased his cards, as did major insurance companies. Hollerith's machines were used for censuses in England, Italy, Germany, Russia, Austria, Canada, France, Norway, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines, and again in the 1900 United States Census . To make his system work, he invented the first automatic card-feed mechanism and the first keypunch (that is, a punch operated by a keyboard); a skilled operator could punch 200–300 cards per hour. He also invented a tabulator.

## References
Mary of Eu

**Mary I of Lusignan** (c. 1223 – October 1, 1260) was a Countess of Eu in France. She was a daughter of Raoul II of Lusignan, Count of Eu. Her mother was Yolande de Dreux, daughter of Robert II, Count of Dreux and Yolande de Coucy.

Mary married Alphonso of Brienne about 1250. She became Dame d'Issoudun, Countess of Eu and of Guinness in 1250. Mary died on October 1, 1260 in Melle.
* Blanche, Abbess of Maubuisson

## Notes 
## References
U. Srinivas

**Uppalapu Shrinivas** (; 28 February 1969 &ndash; 19 September 2014), better known by his stage name **U. Srinivas**, was an Indian mandolinist and music educator. He performed under the Carnatic musical tradition. He was given many awards including: Padma Shri (1998) and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (2010). He worked with musicians such as John McLaughlin, Michael Nyman, and Michael Brook.

Srinivas was born in Palakol, Andhra Pradesh. He was married to Sree from 1994 until their divorce in 2012. They had one son, Sai Krishna who is also known as Nani Krish.

Srinivas died from liver failure on 19 September 2014 in Chennai. He was 45.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Stardust

**Stardust** may refer to:

* A type of cosmic dust composed of particles in space
* Cody Rhodes (born 1985), American professional wrestler who used the ring name Stardust

## Science
* Stardust (spacecraft), a NASA mission to investigate the comet Wild 2
* Stardust project, EU research on space junk and asteroids

## Movies 
* *Stardust* (2007 movie), adapted from the Neil Gaiman novel
* *Stardust* (1974 movie), by Michael Apted
* *Star Dust* (movie), a 1940 movie directed by Walter Lang

## Music
### Albums
* *Stardust* (Willie Nelson album)
* *Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III* (album), by Rod Stewart
* *Stardust* (John Coltrane album), 1963
* *Stardust* (Natalie Cole album), 1996
* *Stardust* (Lena album), 2012

### Songs
* "Stardust" (song), by Hoagy Carmichael's orchestra
* "Stardust" (David Essex song)
* "Stardust" (Lena Meyer-Landrut song) 2012 
* "Stardust" (Mika song), a song by Mika 2012 
*  "Stardust", a song by Amaranthe from *The Nexus*
* "Stardust", a song by Delain from *The Human Contradiction*
* "Stardust", a song by Galneryus from *Reincarnation*
Brian Schweitzer

**Brian David Schweitzer** (born September 4, 1955) is an American politician. He served as the 23rd Governor of Montana from January 5, 2005 to January 7, 2013. Schweitzer formerly served as chair of the Western Governors Association as well as the Democratic Governors Association. He also served as president of the Council of State Governments.

## References
Popigai crater

**Popigai crater** is an impact crater in Siberia, Russia. It was formed when a meteor struck the Earth about 35 million years ago.

There are many diamonds under the crater. The diamonds were made when the high pressure of the meteor hitting the ground compressed the graphite. 

Even though there are many diamonds, mining is not considered to be profitable. That is partly because the mine is in a place far from people. Perhaps it is more because its diamonds are only industrial quality, and they can be made more cheaply by artificial means.

## References
Hempstead, New York

**Hempstead** is a town in the U.S. state of New York. It is Nassau County. It has a population of 793,409.

If Hempstead was a city, it would be the second largest city in New York. Hempstead has more people than any other town in the United States.

## References
Darrell Zwerling

**Darrell Zwerling** (1927/1928 &ndash; April 2014) was an American character actor. His most famous role was Hollis Mulwray, the Water Authority Commissioner (the husband of Faye Dunaway's character) in Roman Polanski's *Chinatown*.

He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Zwerling died in Hollywood, California in April 2014 from unknown causes but his death was not announced until September 16, 2014 by The Julliard School in New York.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Juilliard School  - In Memoriam
* Notice of death
Quartering Acts

**Quartering Act** is the name given to two Acts of the British Parliament in the 18th century. These acts ordered the local governments of the American colonies to give British soldiers housing and food when they needed it. 

Each of the Quartering Acts was an amendment to the Mutiny Act. The Parliament renewed them each year. The Acts were passed to solve the problems of the French and Indian War. They caused tension between the Thirteen Colonies and the government in London. These problems led, in part, to the Revolutionary War.

## Notes
## Other websites
* Text of the Act of 1765
* Text of the Act of 1774
Avraham Heffner

**Avraham Heffner** (Hebrew: אברהם הפנר&lrm;; 7 May 1935 – 19 September 2014) was an Israeli movie and television director, screenwriter, author and Professor Emeritus at the Tel-Aviv University. He was a recipient of the Ophir Award for lifetime achievements.

Heffner was known for his works in *Slow Down*, *Aunt Clara* (1977) and ''Laura Adler's Last Love Affair''.

Heffner died on 19 September 2014 in Tel Aviv, Israel, aged 79.

## Other websites
*
Rudi van Dantzig

**Rudi van Dantzig** (4 August 1933 – 19 January 2012) was a Dutch choreographer, ballet dancer and writer. From 1965 until his death he was the artistic co-leader of the Dutch National Ballet in Amsterdam.

## Life
Van Dantzig was born in Amsterdam. After Sonia Gaskell (left in 1969) and his other colleague left the Dutch National Ballet in 1971, he was the only artistic leader until 1991.

## *For a Lost Soldier*
In 1986 he wrote an autobiographical novel, *Voor een verloren soldaat*, about his homosexuality and sexual relationship while a young boy with a Canadian soldier. The book became a great success and received several awards; an English translation, *For a Lost Soldier*, was published in 1991.

In 1992 a Dutch movie with the same title (English version: *For a Lost Soldier*) was based on it.  Van Dantzig also published a biography of the Dutch artist and resistance fighter Willem Arondeus in 2003.

## Death
Van Dantzig died in 2012, aged 78 from lymphoma and male breast cancer.

## References
## More reading
* Utrecht, Luuk: *Rudi van Dantzig: a controversial idealist in ballet*. Zutphen, 1992. 

## Other websites
*Source (in Dutch) 
*DBNL
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson

, June 1964]]
***The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson*** was a talk show hosted by Johnny Carson under *The Tonight Show* franchise. It ran from October 1, 1962 through May 22, 1992. It originally aired during late-night. For its first ten years, Johnny Carson's *The Tonight Show* was based at Thirty Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, on May 1, 1972, the show was moved to Burbank, California. Peter Lassally served as the show's executive producer.

In 2002, *The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson* was ranked #12 on *TV Guide*s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.

Carson played some skits during his show, the most popular were Carnac the Magnificent, Floyd R. Turbo, and Ronald Reagan (during his term in office, Carson would impersonate him).

In the show, Ed McMahon would be Caron's sidekick throughout the entire series and Doc Severinsen would lead the orchestra and would sometimes be Carson's sidekick.

## References
## Other websites
*Carson's official *Tonight Show* website
*
*
*A profile of Carson in *The New Yorker* from 1978
*Johnny Carson, late-night TV legend, dies at 79, a January 2005 CNN article
*Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress
*The Tonight Show  from the Museum of Broadcast Communications website
Mary Wilson

**Mary Wilson** (March 6, 1944 &ndash; February 8, 2021) was an American singer. She was an original member of The Supremes. She remained in the group until 1977. She released three solo records. She also had five of her own singles. Wilson was born in Greenville, Mississippi.

Wilson died on February 8, 2021 at her home in Henderson, Nevada from hypertensive heart disease at the age of 76.

## Reference
Hartford Colony

**Hartford Colony** is a historic district in Waterford, Connecticut. It is in the area of Leonard Court, New Shore Road, and Shore Road. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

## References
Gerard Kuiper

**Gerard Peter Kuiper** (; ; born **Gerrit Pieter Kuiper**; December 7, 1905 – December 23, 1973) was a Dutch-born American astronomer.The Kuiper belt is named after him. He discovered two natural satellites of planets in the solar system, namely Uranus's moon Miranda and Neptune's moon Nereid.

Kuiper went to college at the University of Leiden. He graduated in 1927 and went on to earn his doctorate in 1933. That same year, he moved to the United States and began working at the Lick Observatory in California. In 1935, he was a lecturer at Harvard University. In 1936, he moved to the University of Chicago, and in 1943 he became a professor there. He was the director of their observatories from 1947 until 1960. In 1960, Kuiper began work at the University of Arizona, and he started their lunar and planetary laboratory. He was the director of the laboratory until July 1973.

Kuiper found groups of dwarf stars. He was the first person to figure out the diameter of Pluto, and where the poles and equator of Venus are. In the 1960s, he was one of the people who knew the most about the earth's moon, and he worked with NASA.

## References
## Other websites
*Gerard Peter Kuiper: NASA KAO's Namesake 
*National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
Meredith MacRae

**Meredith Lynn MacRae** (May 30, 1944 – July 14, 2000) was an American actress and singer. She played Sally Ann on the show *My Three Sons* and Billie Jo in *Petticoat Junction*.

She was born in Houston, Texas. She died of brain cancer in Manhattan Beach, California.

## References
Old Borges Ranch

The **Old Borges Ranch** is a historic district in Walnut Creek, California. It covers an area of . There are four contributing buildings.

In 1899, Frank Borges bought . He used it for a cattle ranch and a home for his family. The ranch has a blacksmith shop, farm equipment displays, a barn, and other buildings. One of those buildings is the Borges family home. The home has five rooms. It is made of redwood. Five generations of the Borges family lived in the house. It is now the Old Borges Ranchhouse and Visitor Center. Today, rangers live and work at the ranch.

## References
## Other websites 
* Old Borges Ranch
Sparky Anderson

**Sparky Anderson** (22 Feb 1934 - 4 Nov 2010) was a baseball manager, born as George Lee Anderson in Bridgewater, South Dakota.  He managed the Cincinnati Reds and the Detroit Tigers. He was voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000.

## References
Niki Nordenskjöld

**Annika Nordenskjöld Olsén** (1 December 1975 &ndash; 3 September 2014), better known by her stage name **Niki Nordenskjöld**, was a Swedish actress and illustrator. She was best known for her role as Lina in the television comedy series *Solsidan*.

Nordenskjöld was born in Gothenburg. She started her career in 1990 at the age of 15.

Nordenskjöld died from cancer on 3 September 2014 in Stockholm, aged 38.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Niki Nordenskjöld at The Swedish Film Database
Michelin Guide

The **Michelin Guide** (French: *Guide Michelin*) is a series of annual guide books published by the French company *Michelin* for over a century. It lists good restaurants and hotels.

The term normally refers to the Michelin **Red Guide**, the oldest and best-known European hotel and restaurant reference guide. A team of experts gives **Michelin stars** for excellence to a select few establishments. The gain or loss of a star can have a big effect on the success of a restaurant. 

The guides cover western Europe in detail, major cities in the USA, Japan and Hong Kong Macau. *Michelin* was and is a tyre company, and the guides were originally meant to be packed in the car as you went touring through France. That is why they cover hotels as well as restaurants.

## References
Buster Jones

**Edward L. "Buster" Jones** (December 12, 1923 – September 16, 2014) was an American voice actor. He was best known for his roles as Black Vulcan in *Super Friends* Blaster in *The Transformers*, Doc in *G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero* and Winston Zeddemore in *The Real Ghostbusters* (replacing Arsenio Hall) and later *Extreme Ghostbusters*. He was born in Paris, Tennessee.

Jones died September 16, 2014, in his home in Hollywood, California, at age 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sacrifice (2012)

**Sacrifice (2012)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on May 13, 2012 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the eighth Sacrifice event that TNA held and was also the fifth event in TNA's 2012 pay-per-view schedule.

There were eight matches on the card. The main event saw Bobby Roode defeat Rob Van Dam in a Ladder match to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship.

Sacrifice gained mixed to positive reviews. Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter thought of the show as an, "easy thumbs up show", he would also said, "I will admit to be bored through some of the early parts of it. That wasn't necessarily due to the show not being good, but mainly because I'm rather cold on the product at the moment...Things really picked up for the last three matches. Austin Aries had his breakout match in TNA tonight. If, and that's a big IF, TNA follows up on it properly, they may have something here with Austin Aries."

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official TNA Sacrifice website
Clare Cathcart

**Clare Cathcart** (3 October 1965 &ndash; 4 September 2014) was a Northern Irish actress. She appeared in the television series *New Tricks*, *Call the Midwife* and *Doctors*. She also appeared in *Holby City*, *Father Ted* and *The Bill*.

Cathcart was born in Bellanaleck, County Fermanagh.

Cathcart died from an asthma attack on 4 September 2014 in Brighton, East Sussex. She was 48.

## References
## Other websites
*