March 30

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 598 &ndash; Balkan campaign: The Avars lift the siege of the Byzantine Empire stronghold of Tomis.
* 1282 &ndash; The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin King, Charles I of Naples, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers.
* 1296 &ndash; Edward I storms Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then–Scottish border town, slaughtering almost everyone, even those fleeing to the churches.
* 1492 &ndash; Ferdinand and Isabella sign a decree aimed at expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to Roman Catholicism.
* 1533 &ndash; Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.
* 1814 &ndash; Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris.
* 1814 &ndash; Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Declaration which would later inspire the unification of Italy into being one country.
* 1822 &ndash; Florida Territory created in the United States.
* 1841 &ndash; The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens.
* 1842 &ndash; Anesthesia is used for the first time in an operation by Dr. Crawford Long.
* 1844 &ndash; One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros.
* 1855 &ndash; Origins of the American Civil War: Bleeding Kansas – "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro–slavery legislature.
* 1856 &ndash; The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.
* 1858 &ndash; Hyman Lipman patents a pencil with an attached eraser.
* 1863 &ndash; Prince Wilhelm Georg of Sleeswÿk-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg is chosen as King George I of Greece.
* 1867 &ndash; Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. The news media call this Seward's Folly.
* 1870 &ndash; Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.
* 1899 &ndash; British passenger steamship *Stella* hits a rock off Guernsey in the English Channel, in thick fog, sinking within eight minutes.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1909 &ndash; In New York City the Queensboro Bridge connecting Manhattan and Queens is opened to traffic.
* 1912 &ndash; Sultan Abdelhafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate.
* 1939 &ndash; The *Henkel He 100* fighter aircraft sets a record airspeed of 745 kilometers per hour (463 miles per hour).
* 1940 &ndash; Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking to be the capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Ching-wei.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: Allied bombing raid on Nuremberg.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: The Allies conduct their most severe bombing raid on Sofia, Bulgaria.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: Soviet Union forces invade Austria and take Vienna; Alger Hiss congratulated in Moscow for his part in bringing about the Western betrayal at the Yalta Conference.
* 1949 &ndash; Riots occur in Reykjavik after the decision of Iceland's government for the country to join NATO.
* 1951 &ndash; Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau.
* 1954 &ndash; The first subway in Canada opens after five years of construction, in Toronto.
* 1961 &ndash; The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed at New York.
* 1962 &ndash; Jack Paar hosts his last episode of The Tonight Show.
* 1964 &ndash; The game show *Jeopardy!* debuts on television.
* 1965 &ndash; Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.
* 1972 &ndash; Vietnam War: The Eastertide Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.
* 1974 &ndash; The Ramones play their first ever gig as a trio at CBGB's in New York City.
* 1976 &ndash; First Land Day protests in Israel and Palestine.
* 1981 &ndash; President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C. hotel by John Hinckley, Jr., family friend of the Vice President.
* 1982 &ndash; Space Shuttle program: The STS–3 mission ends, with the landing of the Space Shuttle Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, United States. 
* 1987 &ndash; One of Vincent Van Gogh's "Sunflowers" paintings is bought by Japanese insurance magnate Yasuo Goto for $39.85 million.

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; The result of the People's Republic of China's census is announced. The population at this time is estimated at 1,285,830,000.
* 2002 &ndash; Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the Queen Mother, dies at Windsor Castle, aged 101, just seven weeks after her daughter, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon.
* 2006 &ndash; The United Kingdom Terrorism Act 2006 becomes law.
* 2006 &ndash; Marcos Pontes becomes the first Brazilian in space on board the Soyuz TMA–8 aircraft, to the International Space Station.
* 2008 &ndash; The controversial 2008 Zimbabwean Presidential election is held.
* 2017 &ndash; SpaceX conducts the world's first re–flight of an orbital–class rocket.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1135 &ndash; Maimonides, Jewish philosopher (d. 1204)
* 1326 &ndash; Ivan II of Russia (d. 1359)
* 1432 &ndash; Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1481)
* 1510 &ndash; Antonio de Cabezon, Spanish composer and organist (d. 1566)
* 1566 &ndash; Carlo Gesualdo, Italian nobleman, composer and murderer (d. 1613)
* 1633 &ndash; Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1708)
* 1727 &ndash; Tommaso Traetta, Italian composer (d. 1779)
* 1746 &ndash; Francisco Goya, Spanish painter (d. 1828)
* 1750 &ndash; John Stafford Smith, English organist and composer (d. 1836)
* 1757 &ndash; Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier, French physicist and aviation pioneer (d. 1785)
* 1785 &ndash; Henry Hardinge, Governor–General of India (d. 1856)
* 1793 &ndash; Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentine military leader (d. 1877)
* 1805 &ndash; Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, German–Swedish linguist (d. 1887)
* 1811 &ndash; Robert Bunsen, German chemist (d. 1899)
* 1818 &ndash; Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen, German social reformer (d. 1888)
* 1820 &ndash; Anna Sewell, British writer (d. 1878)
* 1844 &ndash; Paul Verlaine, French poet (d. 1896)
* 1853 &ndash; Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (d. 1890)
* 1857 &ndash; Thevenin, French telegraph engineer (d. 1926)
* 1863 &ndash; Joseph Caillaux, Prime Minister of France (d. 1944)
* 1863 &ndash; Mary Calkins, American philosopher and psychologist (d. 1930)
* 1864 &ndash; Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist (d. 1943)
* 1874 &ndash; Charles Lightoller, English 2nd Officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1952)
* 1874 &ndash; Nicolae Radescu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1953)
* 1879 &ndash; Coen de Koning, Dutch ice skater (d. 1954)
* 1879 &ndash; Bernhard Schmidt, German optician (d. 1935)
* 1880 &ndash; Sean O'Casey, Irish dramatist (d. 1964)
* 1882 &ndash; Melanie Klein, Austrian–British psychoanalyst (d. 1960)
* 1892 &ndash; Stefan Banack, Polish mathematician (d. 1945)
* 1892 &ndash; Fortunato Depero, Italian painter, writer, sculptor and graphic designer (d. 1960)
* 1892 &ndash; Sanzo Nozaka, Japanese politician (d. 1993)
* 1892 &ndash; Sidney Soyers, CIA director (d. 1973)
* 1894 &ndash; Sergey Ilyushin, Russian aerospace engineer (d. 1977)
* 1894 &ndash; Tommy Green, English race walker (d. 1975)
* 1895 &ndash; Jean Giono, French writer (d. 1970)
* 1899 &ndash; Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay, Bengali writer (d. 1970)
* 1900 &ndash; Santos Urdinaran, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1979)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Brooke Astor, American philanthropist (d. 2007)
* 1902 &ndash; Victor E. Anderson, Governor of Nebraska (d. 1962)
* 1902 &ndash; Frieda Szwillus, German supercentenarian (d. 2014)
* 1905 &ndash; Albert Pierrepoint, British executioner (d. 1992)
* 1908 &ndash; Leo A. Hoegh, Territorial Governor of Hawaii (d. 2000)
* 1909 &ndash; John A. Burns, Governor of Hawaii (d. 1975)
* 1910 &ndash; Jozef Marcinkiewicz, Polish mathematician (d. 1940)
* 1913 &ndash; Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007)
* 1913 &ndash; Censu Tabone, former President of Malta (d. 2012)
* 1913 &ndash; Richard Helms, American CIA director (d. 2002)
* 1913 &ndash; Marc Davis, American animator (d. 2000)
* 1914 &ndash; Sonny Boy Williamson I, American musician (d. 1948)
* 1915 &ndash; Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
* 1915 &ndash; Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015)
* 1917 &ndash; Els Aarne, Estonian composer (d. 1995)
* 1919 &ndash; McGeorge Bundy, American diplomat (d. 1996)
* 1922 &ndash; Virgilio Noè, Italian cardinal (d. 2011)
* 1923 &ndash; Milton Acorn, Canadian poet (d. 1986)
* 1924 &ndash; Milko Kelemen, Croatian composer (d. 2018)
* 1926 &ndash; Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish businessman (IKEA) (d. 2018)
* 1926 &ndash; Peter Marshall, American actor, singer and game show host
* 1926 &ndash; Larissa Volpert, Russian chess player (d. 2017)
* 1928 &ndash; Tom Sharpe, British writer (d. 2013)
* 1929 &ndash; Richard Dysart, American actor (d. 2015)
* 1930 &ndash; John Astin, American actor
* 1930 &ndash; Rolf Harris, Australian artist, singer and entertainer
* 1933 &ndash; Anna-Lisa, Norwegian–American actress (d. 2018)
* 1933 &ndash; Jean-Claude Brialy, French actor and director (d. 2007) 
* 1934 &ndash; Mahmut Atalay, Turkish wrestler (d. 2004)
* 1934 &ndash; Hans Hollein, Austrian architect and designer (d. 2014)
* 1937 &ndash; Warren Beatty, American actor
* 1938 &ndash; Klaus Schwab, German economist and engineer
* 1940 &ndash; Astrud Gilberto, Brazilian singer
* 1940 &ndash; Jerry Lucas, American basketball player
* 1940 &ndash; Uwe Timm, German actor
* 1941 &ndash; Wasim Sajjad, former President of Pakistan
* 1942 &ndash; Ruben Kun, former President of Nauru
* 1943 &ndash; Jay Traynor, American singer (d. 2014)
* 1943 &ndash; Jean-Louis Ravelomanantsoa, Malagasy sprinter (d. 2016)
* 1945 &ndash; Eric Clapton, British guitarist and singer
* 1945 &ndash; Johnnie Walker, British DJ and broadcaster
* 1945 &ndash; Bob Miller, former Governor of Nevada
* 1947 &ndash; Ryszard Kotla, Polish writer and activist
* 1947 &ndash; Dick Roche, Irish politician
* 1948 &ndash; Eddie Jordan, Irish racing driver and team owner
* 1948 &ndash; Mervyn King, British economist
* 1948 &ndash; Naomi Sims, model
* 1950 &ndash; Robbie Coltrane, Scottish actor
* 1950 &ndash; Beverley Hughes, English politician
* 1950 &ndash; Frans Bolweg, Dutch sailor (d. 2015)

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Yves Séguin, Quebec politician and actor
* 1956 &ndash; Juanito Oiarzabal, Basque mountaineer
* 1957 &ndash; Michael Lehmann, American director
* 1957 &ndash; Paul Reiser, American actor and screenwriter
* 1958 &ndash; Maurice LaMarche, Canadian voice actor
* 1959 &ndash; Sabine Meyer, German classical clarinettist
* 1959 &ndash; Martina Cole, English writer
* 1960 &ndash; Bill Johnson, American skier
* 1962 &ndash; M.C. Hammer, American rapper and musician
* 1962 &ndash; Bil Dwyer, American actor
* 1962 &ndash; Mark Begich, American politician 
* 1963 &ndash; Eli-Eri Moura, Brazilian composer and conductor
* 1963 &ndash; Oleksiy Mykhaylychenko, Ukrainian footballer and coach
* 1963 &ndash; Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, 4th President of Mongolia
* 1964 &ndash; Tracy Chapman, American singer
* 1964 &ndash; Abu Anas al-Libi, Libyan terrorist (d. 2015)
* 1965 &ndash; Piers Morgan, British journalist and television personality
* 1966 &ndash; Joey Castillo, American drummer
* 1967 &ndash; Megumi Hayashibara, Japanese voice actor and singer
* 1968 &ndash; Céline Dion, Canadian singer
* 1968 &ndash; Donna D'Errico, American actress and model
* 1971 &ndash; Mark Consuelos, Spanish–American motorcycle racer
* 1972 &ndash; Karel Poborsky, Czech footballer
* 1973 &ndash; Jan Koller, Czech footballer
* 1973 &ndash; Adam Goldstein, American keyboardist, DJ and producer (d. 2009)
* 1975 &ndash; Paul Griffen, New Zealand–Italian rugby player

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Ty Conklin, American ice hockey player
* 1976 &ndash; Ayako Kawasumi, Japanese voice actress
* 1976 &ndash; Mark McClelland, Irish musician
* 1976 &ndash; Troels Lund Poulsen, Danish politician
* 1978 &ndash; Chris Paterson, Scottish rugby player
* 1978 &ndash; Simon Webbe, English singer (Blue)
* 1978 &ndash; Teemu Aalto, Finnish ice hockey player
* 1979 &ndash; Anatoliy Tymoschuk, Ukrainian footballer
* 1979 &ndash; Norah Jones, American singer and musician
* 1980 &ndash; Ricardo Osorio, Mexican footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Andrea Masi, Italian rugby player
* 1981 &ndash; Jammal Brown, American football player
* 1981 &ndash; Katy Mixon, American actress
* 1982 &ndash; A-Trak, Canadian DJ and record producer
* 1982 &ndash; Jason Dohring, American actor
* 1982 &ndash; Philippe Mexès, French footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Sarah Stevenson, British taekwondoka
* 1984 &ndash; Mario Ancic, Croatian tennis player
* 1984 &ndash; Samantha Stosur, Australian tennis player
* 1986 &ndash; Sergio Ramos, Spanish footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Beni, Japanese singer
* 1987 &ndash; Juan Pablo Pino, Colombian footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Calum Elliot, Scottish footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Marc-Edouard Vlasic, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1988 &ndash; Richard Sherman, American football player
* 1990 &ndash; Lee Gi-kwang, South Korean singer, dancer and actor
* 1990 &ndash; Cassie Scerbo, American singer, dancer and actress
* 1992 &ndash; Stuart Armstrong, Scottish footballer
* 1993 &ndash; Anitta, Brazilian singer, songwriter, actress and dancer
* 1993 &ndash; Song Min-ho, South Korean rapper, composer and songwriter
* 1994 &ndash; Haruka Shimazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48)
* 1994 &ndash; Sarah Solovay, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1994 &ndash; Jetro Willems, Dutch footballer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 116 &ndash; Quirinus of Neuss, Roman martyr and saint
* 365 &ndash; Jin Aidi, Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (b. 341)
* 987 &ndash; Arnulf II of Flanders
* 1202 &ndash; Joachim Fiore, Italian mystic and theologian (b. 1135)
* 1472 &ndash; Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (b. 1435)
* 1486 &ndash; Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury
* 1526 &ndash; Konrad Mutian, German humanist (b. 1471)
* 1559 &ndash; Adam Ries, German mathematician (b. 1492)
* 1587 &ndash; Ralph Sadler, English statesman (b. 1507)
* 1764 &ndash; Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (b. 1695)
* 1783 &ndash; William Hunter, Scottish anatomist (b. 1718)
* 1804 &ndash; Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, French aristocrat and soldier (b. 1718)
* 1830 &ndash; Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1763)
* 1864 &ndash; Louis Schindelmeisser, German clarinetist, composer and conductor (b. 1811)
* 1873 &ndash; Benedict Morel, French physicist (b. 1809)
* 1879 &ndash; Thomas Couture, French painter and teacher (b. 1815)
* 1886 &ndash; Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, 6th Premier of Quebec (b. 1838)
* 1896 &ndash; Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek Prime Minister (b. 1832)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1912 &ndash; Karl May, German writer (b. 1842)
* 1914 &ndash; John Henry Poynting, English physicist (b. 1852)
* 1925 &ndash; Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher (b. 1861)
* 1935 &ndash; Romanos Melikian, Armenian composer (b. 1873)
* 1939 &ndash; Richard Steiff, German businessman and teddy bear creator (b. 1877)
* 1943 &ndash; Jan Bytnar, Polish activist (b. 1921)
* 1943 &ndash; Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski, Polish activist (b. 1920)
* 1949 &ndash; Friedrich Bergius, German chemist (b. 1884)
* 1950 &ndash; Léon Blum, Prime Minister of France (b. 1872)
* 1952 &ndash; Jigme Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (b. 1905)
* 1954 &ndash; Pauline Brunius, Swedish actress and director (b. 1881)
* 1955 &ndash; Harl McDonald, American pianist, composer and conductor (b. 1899)
* 1959 &ndash; Daniil Andreev, Russian writer and mystic (b. 1906)
* 1959 &ndash; Riccardo Zandla, Italian–Slovenian poet (b. 1875)
* 1961 &ndash; Philibert Jacques Melotte, British astronomer (b. 1880)
* 1963 &ndash; Alexander Gauk, Russian conductor and composer (b. 1893)
* 1964 &ndash; Nella Larsen, American writer (b. 1891)
* 1965 &ndash; Philip Showalter Hench, American physician (b. 1896)
* 1966 &ndash; Erwin Piscator, German director and producer (b. 1893)
* 1967 &ndash; Jean Toomer, American writer (b. 1894)
* 1968 &ndash; Bobby Driscoll, American actor (b. 1937)
* 1970 &ndash; Heinrich Bruening, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1885)
* 1973 &ndash; Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish aristocrat and aviator (b. 1903)
* 1977 &ndash; Abdel Halim Hafez, Egyptian singer and actor (b. 1929)
* 1979 &ndash; Airey Neave, English soldier and politician (b. 1916)
* 1984 &ndash; Karl Rahner, German theologian (b. 1904)
* 1985 &ndash; Harold Peary, American actor and singer (b. 1908)
* 1986 &ndash; James Cagney, American actor (b. 1899)
* 1988 &ndash; Edgar Faure, Prime Minister of France (b. 1908)
* 1990 &ndash; Harry Peary, Australian–American union leader (b. 1901)
* 2000 &ndash; Rudolf Kirchschlaeger, President of Austria (b. 1915)

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Queen Mother of the United Kingdom (b. 1900)
* 2003 &ndash; Valentin Pavlov, Soviet politician (b. 1937)
* 2003 &ndash; Michael Jeter, American actor (b. 1952)
* 2005 &ndash; Mitch Hedberg, American comedian (b. 1968)
* 2008 &ndash; Dith Pran, Cambodian photojournalist (b. 1942)
* 2010 &ndash; Martin Sandberger, German military officer (b. 1911)
* 2011 &ndash; Lyudmila Gurchenko, Russian actress and singer (b. 1935)
* 2013 &ndash; Phil Ramone, South African–American record producer (b. 1934)
* 2013 &ndash; Valeri Zolotuchin, Russian actor (b. 1941)
* 2014 &ndash; Phuntsok Wangyal, Tibetan–Chinese politician (b. 1922)
* 2014 &ndash; Kate O'Mara, British actress (b. 1939)
* 2014 &ndash; Jan de Graaff, Dutch television journalist (b. 1943)
* 2015 &ndash; Helmut Dietl, German movie director (b. 1944)
* 2015 &ndash; Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, Dutch astronomer (b. 1921)
* 2015 &ndash; Philip A. Potter, Dominican Methodist church leader (b. 1921)
* 2016 &ndash; Anne Aasheim, Norwegian newspaper editor (b. 1962)
* 2016 &ndash; Bernard Lamarre, Canadian engineer and businessman (b. 1931)
* 2016 &ndash; Bill Rosendahl, American politician (b. 1945)
* 2016 &ndash; Gianmaria Testa, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1958)
* 2016 &ndash; Shirley Hufstedler, American lawyer and judge (b. 1925)
* 2016 &ndash; Khuzaima Qutbuddin, Indian Islamic leader (b. 1940)
* 2017 &ndash; Richard Bustillo, American martial arts instructor (b. 1942)
* 2017 &ndash; Donald Harvey, American serial killer (b. 1952)
* 2018 &ndash; André Bo-Boliko Lokonga, 9th Prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (b. 1934)
* 2018 &ndash; Bill Maynard, English actor (b. 1928)
* 2020 &ndash; Bill Withers, American musician (b. 1938)

## Observances 
* Land Day (Palestine)
* National Doctors' Day (United States)