open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
John Marshall

**John Marshall** (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court more powerful. Marshall was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States, working from February 4, 1801, until his death in 1835. He worked in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1799, to June 7, 1800, and, under President John Adams, was Secretary of State from June 6, 1800, to March 4, 1801. Marshall was from the Commonwealth of Virginia and a leader of the Federalist Party.

The longest working Chief Justice in Supreme Court history, Marshall ruled the Court for thirty years and was an important part of making the American legal system. His most important addition was judicial review; the power to stop laws that violate the Constitution. Marshall has been called the one that made the judicial branch special and powerful. Marshall also balanced the power between the federal and state government. He made sure the federal law was more powerful than state law and agreed with an expansive reading of the enumerated powers.
James McHenry

**James McHenry** (November 16, 1753 – May 3, 1816) was an early American statesman. McHenry was a signer of the United States Constitution. He was from Maryland. Fort McHenry was named for him. He was also a delegate to the Continental Congress from Maryland, and the third United States Secretary of War from January 27, 1796 to May 13, 1800, under Presidents George Washington and John Adams.
Timothy Pickering

**Timothy Pickering** (July 17, 1745 – January 29, 1829) was a politician from Massachusetts who served in a variety of roles, most notably as the third United States Secretary of State, serving in that office from 1795 to 1800 under Presidents George Washington and John Adams.
John Jay

**John Jay** (December 23, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American politician, statesman, slave owner, and diplomat. He was the Chief Justice of the United States and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Jay served in the Continental Congress and was elected its president. During and after the American Revolution, he was a minister (ambassador) to Spain and France and helped to fashion American foreign policy and secure favorable peace terms from the British and the French. He also co-wrote the Federalist Papers with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.

From 1789 to 1795, Jay served on the Supreme Court as the first Chief Justice of the United States.  In 1794, he negotiated the Jay Treaty with the British. A leader of the new Federalist Party, Jay was the second governor of New York from 1795 to 1801.

He was the leading opponent of slavery and the slave trade in New York. He tried but failed to pass an emancipation law in 1777 and again in 1785. However, in 1799, he succeeded and signed the law that eventually emancipated the slaves of New York, the last of whom were freed shortly before his death.

## References
Evan Longoria

**Evan Michael "Longo" Longoria** (born October 7, 1985) is a third baseman for the San Francisco Giants. Longoria began his MLB career with the Tampa Bay Rays before being traded to the Giants in 2017. He won the 2008 American League Rookie of the Year award. In 2009, he won the Silver Slugger and Gold Glove awards for American League third basemen. Longoria once again won the Gold Glove award in 2010 and 2017. He played for the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2023, also playing in his second World Series the same year. In 2025, he signed a one day contract to retire a Tampa Bay Ray, which he did on June 7, 2025.

## References
## Other websites
*
Nucleolus

]]

A **nucleolus** (plural: nucleoli) is the part of a eukaryotic cell where ribosomes are made. Seen under a microscope, the nucleolus is a dark spot inside the cell's nucleus. It is made up of dense RNA and proteins. Prokaryotic cells also have ribosomes, but they don't make as many as eukaryotes do, and there is no visible nucleotatius. There is usually more than one nucleolus in a eukaryote cell. The nucleolus is not bounded by a membrane.  

The nucleolus is made at a nucleolus organizer region (NOR), which is a chromosome region around which the nucleolus forms. Inside the nucleolus ribosomes are made. Ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesizes proteins. The ribosomes are exported through the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm, where they do their work.

Nucleoli play a role in the cell's response to stress. They also help in the assembly of signal recognition particles.  Malfunction of nucleoli can be the cause of several human diseases.

## References
William Rehnquist

**William Hubbs Rehnquist** (October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005) was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure. He was the 16th Chief Justice of the United States from 1986 until his death in 2005. Before becoming Chief Justice, he was an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1971 to 1986. 

Considered a conservative, Rehnquist favored a federalism under which the states meaningfully exercised governmental power. Under this view of federalism, the Supreme Court of the United States, for the first time since the 1930s, struck down an Act of Congress as exceeding federal power under the Commerce Clause.

Rehnquist died on September 3, 2005. He was replaced by John Roberts as Chief Justice.

## Books 
*
*
*
*
** Revised edition: 

## References
## Other websites
William H. Crawford

**William Harris Crawford** (February 24, 1772 – September 15, 1834) was an important American politician and judge during the early 19th century. He was United States Secretary of War from 1815 to 1816, United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1816 to 1825, and a candidate for President of the United States in 1824. He strongly believed in states' rights.

In 1875, Crawford appeared on the fifty-cent bill.

The town of Crawfordsville, Indiana, as well as Crawford County, Illinois; Crawford County, Iowa; Crawford County, Missouri; Crawford County, Arkansas; Crawford County, Wisconsin; Crawfordville, Georgia; and Crawford County, Georgia, are named after him, as are the city of Crawfordville, Georgia, and the town of Crawfordsville, Indiana.

## References
Two-nation theory

and Bangladesh were created from parts of the areas shown in green.|alt=]]
The **two-nation theory** (Urdu: دو قومی نظریہ *do qaumī nazariya*) is the basis of the creation of Pakistan. The two-nation theory in its simplest way means that cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the Subcontinent. These differences of outlook, in fact, were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the partition of the sub-continent into two independent states. The two-nation theory was a founding principle of the Pakistan Movement (i.e. the ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation-state in South Asia), and the partition of India in 1947.

The ideology that religion is the determining factor in defining the nationality of Indian Muslims and Hindus was postulated by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who termed it as the awakening of Muslims for the creation of Pakistan. As a consequence, it spawned creation of many Hindu nationalist organisations, with causes including working towards making India a similar state for the majority of Hindus residing there. 

There are varying interpretations of the two-nation theory, based on whether the two postulated nationalities can coexist in one territory or not, with radically different implications. One interpretation argued for sovereign autonomy, including the right to secede, for Muslim-majority areas of the Indian subcontinent, but without any transfer of populations (i.e. Hindus and Muslims would continue to live together). A different interpretation contends that Hindus and Muslims constitute "two distinct and frequently antagonistic ways of life and that therefore they cannot coexist in one nation." In this version, a transfer of populations (i.e. the total removal of Hindus from Muslim-majority areas and the total removal of Muslims from Hindu-majority areas) is a desirable step towards a complete separation of two incompatible nations that "cannot coexist in a harmonious relationship".

Opposition to the theory has come from two sources. The first is the concept of a single Indian nation, of which Hindus and Muslims are two intertwined communities. Even after the formation of Pakistan, debates on whether Muslims and Hindus are distinct nationalities or not continued in India. The second source of opposition is the concept that while Indians are not one nation, neither are the Muslims or Hindus of the subcontinent, and it is instead the relatively homogeneous provincial units of the subcontinent which are true nations and deserving of sovereignty across the subcontinent.

## Reference of two nation theory
Samuel Osgood

**Samuel Osgood** (February 3, 1747 – August 12, 1813) was an American merchant and statesman from Andover, Massachusetts. He served in the Massachusetts and New York state legislatures, represented Massachusetts in the Continental Congress and was the first Postmaster General under the United States Constitution.
Benjamin Stoddert

**Benjamin Stoddert** (1751 – December 13, 1813) was the first United States Secretary of the Navy from May 1, 1798 to March 31, 1801.
Candice Bergen

**Candice Bergen** (born May 9, 1946) is an American actress.  In 1980, she was  for an Academy Award for "Best Actress in a Supporting Role" for her role in *Starting Over*. Bergen later acted as the title character in *Murphy Brown*. (1988-98, 2018-present).

## Other websites
*
Believe (Brooks & Dunn song)

"**Believe**" is a song by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn from her ninth studio album, *Hillbilly Deluxe* (2005).

## Music video
It premiered on CMT on November 17, 2005.

The video debuted at number 20 on CMT's *Top 20 Countdown* for the week of December 1, 2005.

It made history on CMT's Top Twenty Countdown for being at number one for consecutive two weeks.

## References
Binda

**Binda** is a village in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia in Upper Lachlan Shire.

It is about 261 km south-west of Sydney and 19 km north of Crookwell.

## History
The word Binda is thought to be from the Gandangara Aboriginal word for deep water.

The first Europeans in the Binda area were the explorers James Meehan and John Oxley in 1820. People began living in the area in the 1840s. Police were based at Binda in 1840 to protect local farmers from bushrangers. At Funny Hill, a sheep farm, a racing track for horses was made and the Binda Picnic Races began in 1848.

## References
Hadron

, bosons and fermions.]]
A **hadron**, in particle physics, is any subatomic (smaller than the atom) particle or antiparticle which is made of quarks. 

Quarks are fundamental particles which among other properties have an electrical charge and a name (e.g. 'up', 'down', 'strange'). The electrical charge of a single quark is always a fraction (e.g. 2/3). Quarks combine to make a hadron of integer charge; for example, the charges of two 'down' quarks and one 'up' quark combine like  to make a *neutrally* charged *neutron*. Quarks do not appear alone, they exist in groups and are held together by the strong nuclear force. The word to describe the different types of quarks is *flavours.* According to the current standard model there are 6 flavours of quarks. There are two known ways quarks can combine, to give the two categories of hadrons:
* baryons, which are made of three quarks.
* mesons, which are made of one quark and one anti-quark.
Hadrons are also characterized by being affected by the strong nuclear force, which holds them tightly together over a short distance. At the center of an atom is a nucleus (a cluster of protons and neutrons). 

## List of hadrons 
### Known to exist 
#### Baryons 
* Proton, with quark structure ''uud ('up up down', referring to the three quarks making up the proton.)*
* Neutron, with quark structure *udd ('up down down')''

#### Mesons 
* Pion
* Kaon
These are the most commonly discussed hadrons. There are many more: complete list of baryons, complete list of mesons.

### Not yet known to exist 
* Tetraquark
* Pentaquark
These are predictions for different ways quarks may be put together. There is not any solid evidence for them existing yet.

## References
Zlatko Zahovič

**Zlatko Zahovič** (born 1 February 1971) is a former Slovenian football player. He has played for Slovenia national team.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|1989/90||Partizan||First League||9||1
|-
|1990/91||Proleter Zrenjanin||First League||25||0
|-
|1991/92||Partizan||First League||13||2

|-
|1992/93||Partizan||First League||15||3

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="3"|Vitória||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||27||1
|-
|1994/95||23||4
|-
|1995/96||29||8
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|Porto||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||27||7
|-
|1997/98||29||6
|-
|1998/99||31||14

|-
|1999/00||Olympiacos||Alpha Ethniki||14||7

|-
|2000/01||Valencia||La Liga||20||3

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Benfica||rowspan="4"|Portuguese Liga||21||6
|-
|2002/03||28||6
|-
|2003/04||21||2
|-
|2004/05||10||0
47||3
15||3
246||54
14||7
20||3
342||70
|}

## International career statistics 
|-
|1992||1||0
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||5||1
|-
|1995||6||3
|-
|1996||6||1
|-
|1997||3||1
|-
|1998||9||6
|-
|1999||11||8
|-
|2000||10||6
|-
|2001||8||4
|-
|2002||8||2
|-
|2003||9||2
|-
|2004||3||1
|-
!Total||80||35
|}

## References
Francis Lee (footballer)

**Francis Henry Lee**  (29 April 1944 – 2 October 2023), also known as **Franny Lee**, was an English professional footballer and businessman. After he stopped being a footballer, he served as the chairman and main shareholder of Manchester City. On 2 October 2023, at the age of 79, Lee died after a long illness with cancer.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1960–61||rowspan="8"|Bolton Wanderers||rowspan="4"|First Division||6||2
|-
|1961–62||5||0
|-
|1962–63||23||12
|-
|1963–64||34||12
|-
|1964–65||rowspan="4"|Second Division||38||23
|-
|1965–66||34||12
|-
|1966–67||40||22
|-
|1967–68||9||8
|-
|1967–68||rowspan="7"|Manchester City||rowspan="7"|First Division||31||16
|-
|1968–69||37||12
|-
|1969–70||36||13
|-
|1970–71||38||14
|-
|1971–72||42||33
|-
|1972–73||35||14
|-
|1973–74||30||10
|-
|1974–75||rowspan="2"|Derby County||rowspan="2"|First Division||34||12
|-
|1975–76||28||12
500||227
500||227
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1968||1||0
|-
|1969||8||4
|-
|1970||9||3
|-
|1971||8||2
|-
|1972||1||1
|-
!Total||27||10
|}
## Honours
**Manchester City**
* Football League First Division: 1967–68
* League Cup: 1969–70

**Individual**
*Football League First Division Golden boot: 1971–72
*Manchester City Player of the Year: 1970
*English Football Hall of Fame
*1969 Ballon d'Or: 13th
*Most penalties scored in First Division: 1972
*Manchester City top goal-scorer: 1969, 1970 (shared), 1971 (shared), 1972, 1974
*Commander of the Order of the British Empire

## References
Shaun Goater

**Leonard Shaun Goater** MBE (born 25 February 1970) is a Bermudian former professional footballer, coach and pundit who currently works as Interim Manager for Aston Villa W.F.C.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1989–90||Manchester United||First Division||0||0
|-
|1989–90||rowspan="5"|Rotherham United||rowspan="2"|Third Division||12||2
|-
|1990–91||22||2
|-
|1991–92||Fourth Division||24||9
|-
|1992–93||rowspan="2"|Second Division||23||7
|-
|1993–94||39||13
|-
|1993–94||Notts County||First Division||1||0
|-
|1994–95||rowspan="2"|Rotherham United||rowspan="2"|Second Division||45||19
|-
|1995–96||44||18
|-
|1996–97||rowspan="2"|Bristol City||rowspan="2"|Second Division||42||23
|-
|1997–98||33||17
|-
|1997–98||rowspan="6"|Manchester City||First Division||7||3
|-
|1998–99||Second Division||43||17
|-
|1999–00||First Division||40||23
|-
|2000–01||Premier League||26||6
|-
|2001–02||First Division||42||28
|-
|2002–03||Premier League||26||7
|-
|2003–04||rowspan="2"|Reading||First Division||34||12
|-
|2004–05||League Championship||9||0
|-
|2004–05||Coventry City||League Championship||6||0
|-
|2005–06||Southend United||League One||33||11

|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Bermuda Hogges||rowspan="2"|USL Second Division||8||3
|-
|2008||||
551||217
8||3
558||220
|}

## International career statistics
|-
!Total||36||32
|}

## References
Argentine Primera División

**Primera División Argentina** (English: "Argentine First Division") is a professional football league in Argentina. It is the top division in the country, and has a promotion and relegation system. Relegated teams drop to the Primera Nacional. 

## References
Vladimír Šmicer

**Vladimír Šmicer** (born 24 May 1973) is a former Czech football player. He has played for Czechoslovakia national team and Czech Republic national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International goals
:''Scores and results list the Czech Republic's goal tally first.''

## Honours
### Club
**Slavia Prague**
* Gambrinus liga: 1995–96, 2007–08, 2008–09

**Lens**
* Ligue 1: 1997–98
*Coupe de la Ligue: 1998–99

**Liverpool**
* FA Community Shield runner-up: 2002
* FA Cup: 2000–01
* Football League Cup: 2000–01, 2002–03
* UEFA Champions League: 2004–05
* UEFA Cup: 2000–01

**Bordeaux**
* Coupe de la Ligue: 2006–07

### International
**Czech Republic**
* UEFA European Football Championship: 1996: Runner-up

## References
Dietmar Hamann

**Dietmar Hamann** (born 27 August 1973 in Waldsassen) is a German football player. He has played for Germany national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hamann goal.''

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
**Bayern Munich**
* Bundesliga: 1993–94, 1996–97
* DFB-Pokal: 1997–98
* DFB-Ligapokal: 1997
* UEFA Cup: 1995–96

**Liverpool**
*FA Cup: 2000–01, 2005–06
*League Cup: 2000–01, 2002–03; runner-up 2004–05
*FA Charity Shield: 2001; runner-up 2002
*UEFA Champions League: 2004–05
*UEFA Cup: 2000–01
*UEFA Super Cup: 2001, 2005
*FIFA Club World Championship runner-up: 2005

**Germany**
* FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2002

**Individual**
*FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2002 (reserve)
*BBC Goal of the Season: 2003–04

## International career statistics 
|-
|1997||1||1
|-
|1998||12||0
|-
|1999||6||1
|-
|2000||11||1
|-
|2001||6||0
|-
|2002||12||1
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||9||1
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
!Total||59||5
|}

## References
Arthur Rowley

**George Arthur Rowley** (21 April 1926 – 18 December 2002) was an English football striker. He holds the record for the most career goals in The Football League, 434 from 619 games. He was the younger brother of Manchester United legend Jack Rowley. He was shortlisted for inclusion into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008.

## Honours
**Fulham**
*Second Division champions: 1948–49

**Leicester City**
*Second Division champions: 1953–54, 1956–57

**Individual**
*Second Division top goalscorer: (with Leicester City) 1952–53, 1956–57
*Fourth Division top goalscorer: (with Shrewsbury Town) 1958–59

## Career statistics
## References
Laurie Cunningham

**Laurie Cunningham** (8 March 1956 – 15 July 1989) is a former football player. He played for the England national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1974-75||rowspan="3"|Leyton Orient||rowspan="3"|Second Division||17||1
|-
|1975-76||34||8
|-
|1976-77||24||6
|-
|1976-77||rowspan="3"|West Bromwich Albion||rowspan="3"|First Division||13||6
|-
|1977-78||33||6
|-
|1978-79||40||9

|-
|1979-80||rowspan="4"|Real Madrid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||29||8
|-
|1980-81||12||5
|-
|1981-82||3||0
|-
|1982-83||0||0

|-
|1982-83||Manchester United||First Division||5||1

|-
|1983-84||Sporting Gijón||La Liga||30||3

|-
|1984-85||Olympique Marseille||Division 1||30||8

|-
|1985-86||Leicester City||First Division||15||0

|-
|1986-87||Rayo Vallecano||Segunda División||37||3

|-
|1987-88||Wimbledon||First Division||6||2

|-
|1987-88||Charleroi||First Division||1||0

|-
|1988-89||Rayo Vallecano||Segunda División||19||1
187||39
130||20
30||8
1||0
348||67
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1979||3||0
|-
|1980||3||0
|-
!Total||6||0
|}

## References
Al-Saadi Qadhafi

**Al-Saadi Qadhafi** (born 25 May 1973), is a former football player. He played for the Libya national team.  He is the third son of former leader Muammar Gaddafi. In 2011, he was the commander of Libya's Special Forces.  He was involved in the Libyan civil war.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|2003-04||rowspan="2"|Perugia||Serie A||1||0
|-
|2004-05||Serie B||0||0
|-
|2005-06||Udinese||Serie A||1||0
|-
|2006-07||Sampdoria||Serie A||0||0
2||0
2||0
|}

## References
Glenn Hoddle

**Glenn Hoddle** (born 27 October 1957) is a former English football player. He has played for England national team.

## Career statistics 
### International
### Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Player
**Tottenham Hotspur**
*FA Cup: 1980–81, 1981–82
*FA Charity Shield: 1981 (shared)

**AS Monaco**
*Division 1: 1987–88

**Individual**
*PFA Young Player of the Year: 1979–80
*PFA Second Division Team of the Year: 1977–78
*PFA First Division Team of the Year: 1979–80, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1986–87
*PFA Team of the Century (1977–1996): 2007
*Division 1 Foreign Player of the Year: 1987–88
*English Football Hall of Fame Inductee: 2007

### Player-manager
**Swindon Town** 
*Football League First Division play-offs: 1993

**Chelsea**
*FA Cup runner-up: 1993–94

### Manager
**Tottenham Hotspur**
*Football League Cup runner-up: 2001–02

**Individual**
*Premier League Manager of the Month: October 2001, August 2002

## References
Robert Pirès

**Robert Emmanuel Pires** (born 29 October 1973) is a French football coach and former professional player.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Pires goal.''

## Honours
**Metz**
*Coupe de la Ligue: 1995–96

**Arsenal**
*Premier League: 2001–02, 2003–04
*FA Cup: 2002–03, 2004–05
*UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2005–06

**France**
*FIFA World Cup: 1998
*FWA Footballer of the Year: 2001–02
*PFA Team of the Year: 2001–02 Premier League, 2002–03 Premier League, 2003–04 Premier League
*Premier League Player of the Month: February 2003
*FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Ball: 2001
*FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Shoe: 2001
*Équipe type spéciale 20 ans des trophées UNFP: 2011

## References
Soulja Boy

**DeAndre Cortez Way** (born July 28, 1990), professionally known as '''Soulja Boy Tell 'Em** or simply **Soulja Boy''', is an American rapper and record producer. He is widely known for the songs "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" and "Tell 'Em". 

In 2007, Soulja Boy released his first album *Souljaboytellem.com*. In 2008, he released his second album *iSouljaBoyTellem*. 

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Souljaboytellem.com* (2007)
* *iSouljaBoyTellem* (2008)
* *The DeAndre Way* (2010)
* *King Soulja 3* (2014)
* *Loyalty* (2015)
* *Best to Ever Do It* (2018)
* *Young Draco* (2018)
* *Big Draco* (2021)
* *Big Draco 2* (2021)
* *Big Draco 3* (2022)

## Tours
*America's Most Wanted Tour (2009)

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
## Awards and nominations
*BET Awards
**2007: Best New Artist (Nominated)
**2008: Viewer's Choice Award: "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" (Nominated)
**2009: Viewer's Choice Award: "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" (Nominated)
*BET Hip-Hop Awards
****2007: Best Hip-Hop Dance (Won)**
*BET Social Awards
****2019: Social Verified Award (Won)**
*Grammy Awards
**2008: Best Rap Song: "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" (Nominated)
*Ozone Awards
****2007: Patiently Waiting: Mississippi (Won)**
**2008: Best Breakthrough Artist (Nominated)
**2008: TJ's DJ's Tastemaker Award (Nominated)
*Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
**2007: Favorite Male Singer (Nominated)
*Teen Choice Awards
**2009: Choice Music: Rap Artist (Nominated)
**2009: Choice Music: R&B Track for "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" (Nominated)
**2009: Choice Music: Hook Up for "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" (Nominated)
**2009: Choice Music: Artist (Nominated)

## References
## Other websites
*
* Soulja Boy on YouTube
Zoran Mirković

**Zoran Mirković** (born 21 September 1971) is a former football player. He has played for the Serbia and Montenegro national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1990-91||rowspan="3"|Rad||rowspan="2"|First League||5||0
|-
|1991-92||26||0
|-
|1992-93||First League||31||1
|-
|1993-94||rowspan="3"|Partizan||rowspan="3"|First League||26||0
|-
|1994-95||29||0
|-
|1995-96||27||1

|-
|1996-97||Atalanta||Serie A||22||0
|-
|1997-98||rowspan="3"|Juventus||rowspan="3"|Serie A||30||0
|-
|1998-99||19||1
|-
|1999-00||8||0

|-
|2000-01||rowspan="3"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="3"|Super League||29||1
|-
|2001-02||27||2
|-
|2002-03||15||0

|-
|2003-04||rowspan="3"|Partizan||rowspan="3"|First League||10||0
|-
|2004-05||23||2
|-
|2005-06||13||0
144||2
46||2
79||1
71||3
340||8
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1995||5||0
|-
|1996||5||0
|-
|1997||12||0
|-
|1998||8||0
|-
|1999||6||0
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||5||0
|-
|2002||8||0
|-
|2003||5||0
|-
!Total||57||0
|}

## References
Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink

**Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink** (born 27 March 1972) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for the Netherlands national football team. He won the 1998–99 Premier League Golden Boot, alongside Dwight Yorke and Michael Owen. This made him the joint first foreign Golden Boot winner.

## Career Statistics
### Club
### International
|-
|1998||5||2
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||3||1
|-
|2001||8||4
|-
|2002||6||2
|-
!Total||23||9
|}

#### International goals
:*Netherlands score listed first, score column indicates score after each Hasselbaink goal.*

### Managerial statistics
## Honours
### As a player
**Boavista**
*Taça de Portugal: 1996–97

**Atlético Madrid**
*Copa del Rey runner-up: 1999–2000

**Chelsea**
*FA Charity Shield: 2000
*FA Cup runner-up: 2001–02

**Middlesbrough**
*UEFA Cup runner-up: 2005–06

**Cardiff City**
*FA Cup runner-up: 2007–08

**Individual**
*Copa del Rey top-scorer: 1999–2000 *(shared)*
*Premier League Golden Boot: 1998–99 *(shared)*, 2000–01

### As a manager
**Burton Albion**
*League Two: 2014–15

## References
## Other websites
*
*
F.C. Zenit Saint Petersburg

**FC Zenit Saint Petersburg** (Russian: ФК "Зенит" Санкт-Петербург) is a Russian football club from Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925 (or in 1914 according to some Russian sources), the club plays in the Russian Premier League and currently is the richest in the country, due to the sponsorship of Gazprom.

Zenit are the 2007 champions of the Russian Premier League, the holders of the 2008 UEFA Cup and of the 2008 UEFA Super Cup after beating Manchester United 2-1 in Monaco. Zenit won Russian Cup in 2010. They defeated Sibir in the final with the score 1-0.

## Titles 
### Europe 
* UEFA Europa League : **1** (2009)
* UEFA Super Cup : **1** (2009)

### Russia 
* Russian Premier League : **6** (2006, 2009, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20)
* Russian Cup : **3**  (1999, 2010, 2015)
* Russian Premier League Cup : **1** (2002)
* Russian Super Cup : **3** (2008, 2011, 2015, 2016)

### Soviet Union 
* Soviet Top League : **1** (1984)
* Soviet Cup : **1** (1944)
* Soviet Super Cup : **1** (1984)

## References
Stockport County F.C.

**Stockport County F.C.** is an English football club. They currently play in the Blue Square North, in English football. The club plays their home games at Edgeley Park. At home they play in Blue.

## Name
*1883-1888 **Heaton Norris Rovers F.C.**
*1888-1890 **Heaton Norris F.C.**
*1890-present **Stockport County F.C.**

## League position
### Former position
Grand Theft Autumn/Where Is Your Boy

**"Grand Theft Autumn / Where Is Your Boy"** (or **"Grand Theft Autumn"**, **"Where Is Your Boy?"**) is the second single by rock band Fall Out Boy. It is from their album *Take This to Your Grave*. 

## Related pages
* Fall Out Boy
* Take This to Your Grave
* Dead On Arrival
* Folie à Deux
Steve Bruce

**Steve Bruce** (born 31 December 1960) is an English football manager and former player who was most recently the manager of Championship club West Bromwich Albion. He was born in Corbridge, Northumberland. Bruce was best known for playing for Manchester United where he was captain.

## Playing statistics
## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Player
**Norwich City**
* Football League Cup: 1984–85
* Football League Second Division: 1985–86

**Manchester United**
* Premier League: 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96
* FA Cup: 1989–90, 1993–94, 1995–96
* Football League Cup: 1991–92 1993,
* European Super Cup: 1991
* PFA Team of the Year: Division Two (1985–86), Division Three (1982–83, 1983–84)
* Gillingham Player of the Season: 1979–80, 1981–82
* Norwich City Player of the Season: 1984–85
* Birmingham City Player of the Season: 1997–98

### Manager
**Birmingham City**
* Football League Championship runner-up: 2006–07
* Football League First Division play-offs: 2002

**Hull City**
* FA Cup runner-up: 2013–14
* Football League Championship runner-up: 2012–13
* Football League Championship play-offs: 2016

**Individual**
* Premier League Manager of the Month: April 2021

## Bibliography
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## References
Cornthwaite Rason

**Sir Cornthwaite Hector William James Rason** (18 June 1858 – 15 March 1927) was the 7th Premier of Western Australia from 25 August 1905 until 7 May 1906.

## References
Henry Daglish

**Henry Daglish** (18 November 1866 – 16 August 1920) was the 6th Premier of Western Australia from 10 August 1904 to 25 August 1905. He was the first Western Australia Premier from the Labor Party and the first from any organised political party.

## References
Walter James

**Sir Walter Hartwell James** (29 March 1863 – 3 January 1943) was the 5th Premier of Western Australia from 1 July 1902 to 10 August 1904.

## References
Alf Morgans

**Alfred Edward Morgans** (17 February 1850 – 10 August 1933) was the 4th Premier of Western Australia from 21 November to 23 December 1901.

## References
George Throssell

**George Lionel Throssell** (23 May 1840 – 30 August 1910) was the 2nd Premier of Western Australia from 15 February 1901 to 27 May 1901.

## References
George Leake

**George Leake** (3 December 1856 – 24 June 1902) was the 3rd Premier of Western Australia from 27 May 1901 to 21 November 1901 and then from 23 December 1901 to 24 June 1902.

## References
John Forrest

**Sir John Forrest** (22 August 1847 – 2 September 1918) was the 1st Premier of Western Australia from 29 December 1890 – 14 February 1901. He helped to make sure that Western Australia joined the federation of Australian states. After federation, he went into federal politics. He served as Minister for Defence, Minister for Home Affairs, Treasurer and acting Prime Minister.

## References
Andy Cole

**Andrew Cole** (born 15 October 1971) is a former English football player. He has played for England national team.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**Arsenal**
*FA Charity Shield: 1991 (shared)

**Newcastle United**
*Football League First Division: 1992–93

**Manchester United**
*Premier League: 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01
*FA Cup: 1995–96, 1998–99
*FA Charity Shield: 1997
*UEFA Champions League: 1998–99

**Blackburn Rovers**
*Football League Cup: 2001–02

**Individual**
*Premier League Golden Boot: 1993–94
*Premier League Player of the Month: November 1997
*PFA Team of the Year: 1999–2000 Premier League

## References
Attack model

**Attack models** or **attack types** specify how much information a cryptanalyst has access to when *breaking* or *cracking* an encrypted message, commonly known as **codebreaking** or **cracking the code**. Some common attack models are:

*Ciphertext-only attack
*Known-plaintext attack
*Chosen-plaintext attack
*Chosen-ciphertext attack
**Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack
**Indifferent chosen-ciphertext attack
The ciphertext-only attack model is the weakest because it implies that the cryptanalyst has just the encoded message.

Different attack models are used for other cryptographic systems, or more generally for all kind of security systems. Examples for such attack models are:
*Adaptive chosen-message attack for digital signatures

## References
* Information Security Laboratory  (powerpoint)
*

## Other websites
*University of Colorado at Boulder's introduction to Cryptography and attack models  (PDF)
*University of Waterloo paper that discusses attack models (Postscript file) html version
Cuts Like a Knife

***Cuts Like a Knife*** is the third album by the Canadian rock artist Bryan Adams. Released on January, 1983 through A&M Records, the album became a big hit in Canada when it was released. Outside Canada and the United States the album did not sell as well. After the release of Reckless the album would chart on the British album chart and would later be a Silver Record by the BPI. It was made at Little Mountain Sound, in Vancouver, Canada.

Three singles were released from the album: "Straight from the Heart", "Cuts Like a Knife" and "This Time", the three made Adams very popular.

## Track listing
## Personnel
* Bryan Adams - vocals, guitars, piano
* Jim Vallance - guitars, percussion, keyboards
* Mickey Curry - drums
* Tommy Mandel - organ, synthesizer
* Keith Scott - guitars, vocals
* Alfa Anderson - background vocals
* Lou Gramm of Foreigner - background vocals

## References
You Want It You Got It

***You Want It You Got It*** is the second album by Bryan Adams, and was released in 1981 (see 1981 in music). The album was to be called ''Bryan Adams Hasn't Heard Of You Either'' but the record company wanted him to change the title to something safer.

The first single, "Lonely Nights", was a big hit in the US. Two other singles "Coming Home" and "Fits Ya Good" were top 40 hits in Canada.

Many songs from this album were covered by other artists, they are "Lonely Nights" by Uriah Heep, "Jealousy" by Prism, "Tonight" by Randy Meisner and "Fits Ya Good" by Tove Naess and others.

After Dave Taylor listened to this album, he decided to become Bryan Adams' bass player.

## Track listing 
## Personnel 
* Bryan Adams - guitars, piano, vocals, producer
* Mickey Curry - drums
* Jamie Glaser - guitars
* Tommy Mandel   - keyboards, organ, synthesizer
* Jimmy Maelen - percussion
* G.E. Smith       - guitars
* Brian Stanley - bass
* Jonathan Gerber - saxophone
* Cindy Bullens - background vocals
* Bob Clearmountain - producer, mixing
Bryan Adams (album)

***Bryan Adams*** is the first album by Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams. It was released in February 1980 by A&M Records. "Hidin' From Love" went to #64 on Canada's RPM 100 Singles chart and "Give Me Your Love" went to #91 on the same chart.

In early 1978, Bryan Adams and Jim Vallance made a song-writing duo together. They made the album in 1979 and released it in February 1980.

The first single was "Hidin' from Love" in 1980 (#43 on the Billboard dance charts) the next one was "Give Me Your Love" and then "Remember".

## Track listing
## References
* MTV Biography
Into the Fire (album)

***Into the Fire*** is the fifth studio album by the Canadian rock artist Bryan Adams. Released on March 30, 1987 through A&M Records, the album was a huge commercial success selling over 2 million units worldwide, peaking at number 7 on the US *Billboard* 200 chart and reaching high positions in charts worldwide.

## Into the Fire Tour
On May, 1987 Adams started the *Into the Fire* tour. His first performance was in Shreveport, Louisianna with his backing band. Adams first stop of the UK leg of the tour at the Prince’s Trust charity concert at Wembley Stadium, London. Adams later went back to the United States to continue the American leg of the tour He appeared on The David Letterman Show. Adams sold out two nights in a row at Madison Square Garden in New York City and was visited backstage by Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys. He got a sold-out show in Toronto, Ontario. The tour continued through the Western United States. Adams headed back to the UK on October 13 in Newcastle, England. Adams sold out four nights in a row at Wembley Arena in London. Adams started his tour in mainland Europe and Adams previous album *Reckless* achieved gold status in Sweden and *Into The Fire* achieves gold status in Switzerland and later he traveled to Dublin, Ireland. Adams started the Asian leg of the tour and ended up selling out ten concerts, five of which were in Tokyo's Budokan. *Into the Fire* was certified platinum with sales over 100,000 copies sold in Japan. Adams headed back to Europe and played in East Berlin and later West Berlin. The last concert part of the *Into the Fire* tour was in Locarno, Switzerland.

## Track listing
## Personnel
* Bryan Adams - guitar, piano, keyboards, vocals
* Keith Scott - lead guitar, backing vocals
* Mickey Curry - drums
* Dave Taylor - bass
* Tommy Mandel - organ, keyboards
* Robbie King - organ
* Jim Vallance - piano, percussion, sequencer
* Dave Pickell - piano
* Ian Stanley - keyboards

## Chart positions
## References
FC Porto

**Futebol Clube do Porto** (pron. ) – short: **FC Porto** or **FCP** – is a Portuguese sports club best known for its football team. It was created in Porto in 1893. It holds the best International record by a Portuguese team (7 international titles), having won the European Cup and the Intercontinental Cup twice each. In 2003, it brought Portugal's first UEFA Cup and in 1987 it brought Portugal's first UEFA Supercup. Domestically they hold the best record of five titles in a row, having won the Portuguese Liga 26 times, the Portuguese Cup 16 times and Portuguese Supercup 18 times.
## History
It was founded in the northern city of Porto on September 28, 1893, by wine-salesman António Nicolau d'Almeida who had his first contact with the game of football on one of his trips to England. The club was revived in 1906 by José Monteiro da Costa.
## Trophies
*Liga Portuguesa: 26
*Taça de Portugal: 16
*Supertaça Portuguesa: 19
*UEFA Champions League: 2
*UEFA Europa League: 2
*European Super Cup: 1
*Intercontinental Cup: 2
Known-plaintext attack

The **known-plaintext attack (KPA)** is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has samples of both the plaintext and its encrypted version (known as ciphertext version) then they can use them to expose further secret information after calculating the secret key. 

Encrypted file archives such as ZIP are very prone to this attack. For example, an attacker with an encrypted ZIP file needs only one unencrypted file from the archive which forms the "known-plaintext". Then using some publicly available software they can instantly calculate the key required to decrypt the entire archive.

Classical ciphers are typically susceptible to known-plaintext attack. For example, a Caesar cipher can be solved using a single letter of corresponding plaintext and ciphertext to decrypt entirely. 

## Related pages
* Chosen-plaintext attack
* Ciphertext-only attack

## References
On a Day Like Today

***On a Day Like Today*** is an album by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams, released in 1998 (see 1998 in music).

## Track listings 
## Personnel 
* Bryan Adams - guitars, piano, vocals
* Mickey Curry - drums
* Keith Scott - bass, guitar
* Phil Thornalley - guitar, bass, string arrangements
* Dave Pickell - piano, organ
* Danny Cummings - percussion
* Melanie C - vocals on "When You're Gone"
18 til I Die

***18 til I Die*** is a rock album by the Canadian singer and songwriter Bryan Adams. It was released in 1996 (see 1996 in music). It is the second album Adams co-produced with Robert Mutt Lange and features a more raw rock style, including some Blues style music.

## Track listing
### International
### Australia
## Personnel
*Bryan Adams - rhythm guitar, vocals, co-producer
*Keith Scott - lead guitar
*Paco de Lucia- featured flamenco guitarist on "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman"
*Mickey Curry - drums
*Dave Taylor - bass
*Olle Romo - percussion
*Michael Kamen - piano, string arrangements
*Mutt Lange   - guitars

## Chart positions
### Album
## References
Chosen-plaintext attack

A **chosen-plaintext attack (CPA)** is a model for cryptanalysis which assumes that the attacker can choose random plaintexts to be encrypted and obtain the corresponding ciphertexts. The goal of the attack is to gain some further information which reduces the security of the encryption scheme.  In the worst case, a chosen-plaintext attack could expose secret information after calculating the secret key. 

Modern cryptography is implemented in software or hardware and is used for a diverse range of applications; for many applications, a chosen-plaintext attack is often very feasible.  Chosen-plaintext attacks become extremely important in the context of public key cryptography, where the encryption key is public and attackers can encrypt any plaintext they choose.

Any cipher that can prevent chosen-plaintext attacks is then also guaranteed to be secure against known-plaintext and ciphertext-only attacks; this is a conservative approach to security.

Two forms of chosen-plaintext attack can be distinguished:

***Batch chosen-plaintext attack**, where the cryptanalyst chooses all plaintexts before any of them are encrypted.
***Adaptive chosen-plaintext attack**, where the professional cryptanalyst makes a series of interactive queries, choosing subsequent plaintexts based on the information from the previous encryptions.

## Related pages
*Ciphertext-only attack
*Chosen-ciphertext attack
*Known-plaintext attack

## References
Joseph Hewes

**Joseph Hewes** (July 9, 1730 – November 10, 1779), was a native of Princeton, New Jersey, where he was born in 1730. Hewes’s parents were part of the Quaker Society of Friends.They married at Stony Brook Quaker Meeting in Middlesex County, New Jersey. Hewes attended schools various private schools close to home and then about 1749 was apprenticed to a merchant in Philadelphia. After finishing his apprenticeship he set up a store and engaged in business in Philadelphia. That business failed and about 1754 he moved to Edenton, Chowan County, North Carolina where he set up a store. After a few years as a successful merchant, in 1757 he was elected Justice of the Peace and served as the Inspector of the Port at Edenton. In 1758 he served on committees creating a secondary school in Edenton and a new courthouse and jail. By 1760 Hewes was Edenton’s leading merchant. Hewes was elected to the North Carolina Assembly in 1760 and served one term.  In 1766 he was re-elected and served except for a one year absence in 1777 until his death in 1779.
Room Service (Bryan Adams album)

***Room Service*** is a rock album by Canadian singer/songwriter Bryan Adams released internationally in 2004 and in the U.S. The following year. "Open Road" was the first single taken from the album, followed by "Flying", "Room Service" and, as an American release, "This Side of Paradise".  In the summer of 2005, "Open Road" was used the theme song in ESPN's SportsCenter series 50 States in 50 Days.

"East Side Story" was originally going to be released on Chicane's canceled Album *Easy To Assemble* with Bryan Adams on vocals, although with a completely different composition.

## Track listings
## Personnel
*Bryan Adams - guitar, dobro, harmonica, piano and bass
*Keith Scott - guitars
*Mickey Curry - drums
*Norm Fisher - bass
*Gary Breit - piano and organ
*Phil Tornalley - additional production, guitars and keyboards
*Yoad Nevo - additional production, programming, percussion, guitars
*Declan Masterson - Irish whistle on "Flying"
*Maurice Seezer - accordion and piano on "Flying"
*Gavin Greenway - string arrangement on "Flying"
*Michael Kamen - string arrangement and oboe on "I Was Only Dreaming"
*Ben Dobie, Avril Mackintosh, and Olle Romo - protocols editing
*The Pointless Brothers - background vocals on "Flying"
*Bob Clearmountain - Mixing
*Ben Dobie - engineering

## Other websites 
* Bryan Adams interview
Linear cryptanalysis

In cryptography, **linear cryptanalysis** is a general form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers and stream ciphers. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the two most widely used attacks on block ciphers; the other being differential cryptanalysis.

A variety of refinements to the attack have been suggested, including using multiple linear approximations or including non-linear expressions. 

Evidence of security against linear cryptanalysis is usually expected of new cipher designs.

## Related pages
* Differential cryptanalysis
Differential cryptanalysis

**Differential cryptanalysis** is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable to block ciphers. It can be applied to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. It is the study of how differences in the input can affect the resultant differences at the output. In the case of a block cipher, it refers to a set of techniques and methods for tracing differences through the network of transformations, discovering where the cipher demonstrates non-random behaviour, and extend such properties to recover the secret key.

Differential cryptanalysis attacks are usually chosen plaintext attacks, meaning that the attacker must be able to obtain encrypted ciphertexts for some set of plaintexts.

## Related pages
* Linear cryptanalysis
Kambly

**Kambly** is a Swiss biscuit factory that was founded in 1910 by Oscar Kambly. 

## History
He got to know a girl that lived in Trubschachen. It was a real love story. When he went at her home, he had the idea to make a biscuit after his grandmother's recipe in 1906. In 1910 he could absorb the store of his instructor.

## The factory today
Today, Kambly is Switzerland's largest biscuit producer and leading exporter. 
Kambly is represented in more than 30 different countries.
It is the most famous and the most liked biscuit brand of Switzerland. 
There are two factories, one in Trubschachen and one in Lyss, both in the Canton of Berne. The biscuits can be bought there that the factoriy stores for less than elsewhere.

Oscar Kambly III has administrated the factory since 1983. 

Oscar Kambly, who founded the factory led it from 1910-1953. 
The first factory was only in Trubschachen, but because Kambly bought the Arni AG in Lyss in 1999. There is now a another station. 
There are 420 employees. In 2007, there was a conversion of 164 million Swiss francs. Kambly got the award Brand Excellence Swiss Trophy in 2003.

In 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2008, it got the international prize ''Saveur de l'année''

## Products
The oldest product is the "Bretzeli" and has been produced since 1906 and that was invented by Oscar Kambly I.
Some other known products are "Biscuits Butterfly", "Caprice", "Mignon" and "Petit Beurre".  

The company also produces salted biscuits.  

## Other websites
*Webpage of Kambly.ch