November 11

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1100 &ndash; Henry I of England marries Matilda of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland.
* 1417 &ndash; Pope Martin V is elected.
* 1500 &ndash; Treaty of Granada: Louis XII of France and Ferdinand III of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples.
* 1620 &ndash; In what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod, the Mayflower Compact is signed on the *Mayflower*, establishing the basic laws for the Plymouth Colony.
* 1648 &ndash; France and the Netherlands agree to divide the island of Sint Maarten/Saint Martin.
* 1675 &ndash; Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the y=x function.
* 1675 &ndash; Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
* 1750 &ndash; Riots break out Lhasa after the murder of the Tibetan regent.
* 1839 &ndash; The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia.
* 1855 &ndash; An earthquake near Edo, now Tokyo, kills 6,000 people. 
* 1864 &ndash; American Civil War: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins burning Atlanta, Georgia to the ground in preparation for his march south.
* 1865 &ndash; The Treaty of Sinchula is signed: Bhutan gives areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company.
* 1880 &ndash; Australian bushranger and bank robber Ned Kelly is hung in Melbourne.
* 1887 &ndash; Haymarket trials: August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel are executed.
* 1887 &ndash; Building work begins on the Manchester Ship Canal.
* 1889 &ndash; Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1918 &ndash; World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France.
* 1918 &ndash; Józef Piłsudski comes to Warsaw and assumes supreme military power in Poland.
* 1918 &ndash; Emperor Charles I of Austria abdicates.
* 1919 &ndash; Latvian forces defeat the Freikorps at Riga in the Latvian War of Independence.
* 1921 &ndash; The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery.
* 1926 &ndash; The US' numbered Highway system is introduced.
* 1930 &ndash; Patent number US1781541 is given to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.
* 1934 &ndash; The Shrine of Remembrance is opened in Melbourne, Australia.
* 1940 &ndash; World War II: The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.
* 1940 &ndash; The Armistice Day Blizzard kills 144 people in the Midwestern United States.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: Germany completes its occupation of France.
* 1954 &ndash; The Two Towers, part of the trilogy of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, is released in the UK.
* 1960 &ndash; In South Vietnam, a coup against Ngo Dinh Diem is crushed.
* 1965 &ndash; Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) was declared independent by the white minority regime of Ian Smith.
* 1966 &ndash; NASA launches spaceship Gemini 12.
* 1967 &ndash; Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the NLF and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden.
* 1968 &ndash; Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal was to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.
* 1968 &ndash; A second republic is declared in Maldives.
* 1972 &ndash; Vietnam War: Vietnamization – The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam.
* 1975 &ndash; Angola becomes independent from Portugal, with Agostinho Neto as president.
* 1975 &ndash; Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam and commissions Malcolm Fraser as Prime Minister.
* 1978 &ndash; Maumoon Gayoom succeeds Ibrahim Nasir as the President of the Republic of the Maldives.
* 1978 &ndash; A renovated Hollywood sign is unveiled, replacing the older version that was built in 1923.
* 1981 &ndash; Antigua and Barbuda joins the UN.
* 1986 &ndash; Sperry Rand and Burroughs merge to form Unisys. They become the second largest computer company.
* 1992 &ndash; The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
* 1997 &ndash; Mary McAleese was inaugurated as the eighth President of Ireland.
* 2000 &ndash; In Kaprun, Austria, 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.

### From 2001 
* 2004 &ndash; New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington
* 2004 &ndash; Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization minutes after the death of Yasser Arafat.
* 2004 &ndash; Official Guided by Voices Day in San Diego, California.
* 2004 &ndash; Mary McAleese was inaugurated for a second term as President of Ireland.
* 2006 &ndash; Queen Elizabeth II unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London.
* 2008 &ndash; The ship RMS *Queen Elizabeth 2* sets sail for its last voyage.
* 2008 &ndash; Mohamed Nasheed succeeds Maumoon Gayoom as President of the Maldives.
* 2011 &ndash; Michael D. Higgins is inaugurated as President of Ireland.
* 2014 &ndash; 58 people are killed in a bus crash in Sukkur District in Pakistan's southern province of Sindh.
* 2018 &ndash; Ceremonies take place worldwide to mark 100 years since the end of World War I; several political leaders gather in France, while Frank-Walter Steinmeier becomes the first German Head of state to take part in the official Remembrance Day commemorations in London.
* 2022 &ndash; Kherson (city) was liberated after a Ukrainian counteroffensive and the bridge connecting over the Dniper River was destroyed.

## Births 
### Up to 1800 
* 995 &ndash; Gisela of Swabia (d. 1041)
* 1050 &ndash; Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1106)
* 1154 &ndash; King Sancho I of Portugal (d. 1212)
* 1155 &ndash; King Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)
* 1220 &ndash; Alphonse, Count of Poitiers (d. 1271)
* 1441 &ndash; Charlotte of Savoy, Queen of France (d. 1483)
* 1491 &ndash; Martin Bucer, Alsatian theologian and religious reformer (d. 1551)
* 1493 &ndash; Paracelsus, Swiss physician, alchemist and mystic (d. 1541)
* 1493 &ndash; Bernardo Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1569)
* 1569 &ndash; Martin Ruland the Younger, German physician and alchemist (d. 1611)
* 1579 &ndash; Frans Snyders, Flemish painter (d. 1657)
* 1599 &ndash; Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, Queen of Sweden (d. 1655)
* 1668 &ndash; Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (d. 1736)
* 1696 &ndash; Andrea Zani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1757)
* 1733 &ndash; Philip John Schuyler, American politician and soldier (d. 1804)
* 1743 &ndash; Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist (d. 1828)
* 1744 &ndash; Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818)
* 1748 &ndash; King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)
* 1758 &ndash; Caleb P. Bennett, Governor of Delaware (d. 1836)
* 1781 &ndash; Caroline Bardua, German painter (d. 1864)
* 1791 &ndash; Josef Munzinger, Swiss politician (d. 1855)
* 1792 &ndash; Mary Anne Disraeli, Welsh wife of Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (d. 1872)
* 1799 &ndash; Charles Bent, Territorial Governor of New Mexico (d. 1847)

### 1801 &ndash; 1900 
* 1821 &ndash; Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian writer (d. 1881)
* 1831 &ndash; Willard Fiske, American librarian and scholar (d. 1904)
* 1835 &ndash; Matthias Jochumsson, Icelandic poet (d. 1920)
* 1848 &ndash; Zinovy Rozhdestvensky, Russian admiral (d. 1909)
* 1854 &ndash; William Yates Atkinson, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1899)
* 1858 &ndash; Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian painter (d. 1884)
* 1863 &ndash; Paul Signac, French painter (d. 1935)
* 1864 &ndash; Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian pacifist (d. 1921)
* 1869 &ndash; Gaetano Bresci, Italian anarchist (d. 1901)
* 1869 &ndash; Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1946)
* 1872 &ndash; Maude Adams, American actress (d. 1953)
* 1872 &ndash; David I. Walsh, 46th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1947)
* 1882 &ndash; Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973)
* 1883 &ndash; Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969)
* 1885 &ndash; George S. Patton, American general (d. 1945)
* 1887 &ndash; Roland Young, English actor (d. 1953)
* 1888 &ndash; Abul Kalam Azad, Indian independence activist (d. 1958)
* 1891 &ndash; Rabbit Maranville, American baseball player (d. 1954)
* 1893 &ndash; Paul van Zeeland, Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1973)
* 1894 &ndash; Beverly Bayne, American silent movie actress (d. 1982)
* 1896 &ndash; Lucky Luciano, Italian–born American gangster (d. 1962)
* 1898 &ndash; René Clair, French movie director (d. 1981)
* 1899 &ndash; Pat O'Brien, American movie actor (d. 1983)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Magda Goebbels, wife of Joseph Goebbels (d. 1945)
* 1901 &ndash; Sam Spiegel, Austrian–American movie director (d. 1985)
* 1904 &ndash; Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (d. 1996)
* 1904 &ndash; J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (d. 1960)
* 1904 &ndash; Andrzej Bogucki, Polish actor, operetta singer and songwriter (d. 1978)
* 1909 &ndash; Robert Ryan, American actor (d. 1973)
* 1910 &ndash; Carl A. Wirtanen, American astronomer (d. 1990)
* 1911 &ndash; Roberto Matta, Chilean painter (d. 2002)
* 1912 &ndash; Nina Andrycz, Polish actress (d. 2014)
* 1914 &ndash; Howard Fast, American writer (d. 2003)
* 1915 &ndash; Anna Schwartz, American economist and writer (d. 2012)
* 1917 &ndash; Manuel Alexandre, Spanish actor (d. 2010)
* 1918 &ndash; Stubby Kaye, American actor (d. 1997)
* 1920 &ndash; Roy Jenkins, British politician (d. 2003)
* 1921 &ndash; Terrel Bell, American politician, 2nd United States Secretary of Education (d. 1996)
* 1922 &ndash; Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist (d. 2007)
* 1925 &ndash; John Guillermin, English director, writer and producer (d. 2015)
* 1925 &ndash; June Whitfield, English actress (d. 2018)
* 1925 &ndash; Jonathan Winters, American comedy actor (d. 2013)
* 1926 &ndash; Torfi Bryngeirsson, Icelandic long jumper (d. 1995)
* 1926 &ndash; Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1998)
* 1926 &ndash; Noah Gordon, American novelist
* 1926 &ndash; Maria Teresa de Filippis, Italian racing driver (d. 2016)
* 1927 &ndash; Mose Allison, American jazz musician (d. 2016)
* 1928 &ndash; Joseph Mercieca, former Archbishop of Malta (d. 2016)
* 1928 &ndash; Ernestine Anderson, American singer (d. 2016)
* 1928 &ndash; Gracita Morales, Spanish actress and singer (d. 1995)
* 1928 &ndash; Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer (d. 2012)
* 1929 &ndash; Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German writer
* 1929 &ndash; LaVern Baker, American singer (d. 1997)
* 1930 &ndash; Hugh Everett, American physicist (d. 1982)
* 1930 &ndash; Vernon Handley, English conductor (d. 2008)
* 1930 &ndash; Mildred Dresselhaus, American physicist (d. 2017)
* 1932 &ndash; Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist
* 1936 &ndash; Mala Sinha, Bollywood movie actress
* 1936 &ndash; Susan Kohner, American actress
* 1937 &ndash; André Brugiroux, French traveler and writer
* 1937 &ndash; Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat
* 1938 &ndash; Haruhiro Yamashita, Japanese gymnast
* 1938 &ndash; Ants Antson, Estonian speed skater (d. 2015)
* 1940 &ndash; Barbara Boxer, American politician and United States Senator for California
* 1944 &ndash; Kemal Sunal, Turkish actor
* 1945 &ndash; Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua
* 1945 &ndash; Vince Martell, American musician
* 1945 &ndash; Chris Dreja, English guitarist
* 1948 &ndash; René Harris, President of Nauru (d. 2008)
* 1950 &ndash; Jim Peterik, American musician

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Kim Peek, American megasavant (d. 2009)
* 1951 &ndash; Fuzzy Zoeller, American golfer
* 1953 &ndash; Marshall Crenshaw, American rock music singer
* 1953 &ndash; Andy Partridge, British musician and singer–songwriter
* 1953 &ndash; Evelyn Matthei, Chilean politician
* 1955 &ndash; Friedrich Merz, German politician
* 1955 &ndash; Jigme Singye Wangchuck, former King of Bhutan
* 1956 &ndash; José Luis Brown, Argentine footballer (d. 2019)
* 1956 &ndash; Ian Craig Marsh, English guitarist
* 1958 &ndash; Luz Casal, Spanish singer
* 1958 &ndash; Kathy Lette, Australian author
* 1960 &ndash; Marcel Koller, Swiss footballer and coach
* 1960 &ndash; Stanley Tucci, American actor and director
* 1960 &ndash; Cristina Odone, Italian journalist, writer and editor
* 1960 &ndash; Chuck Hernandez, American baseball player and coach
* 1961 &ndash; Luca Zingaretti, Italian actor
* 1962 &ndash; James Morrison, Australian musician
* 1962 &ndash; Demi Moore, American actress
* 1964 &ndash; Calista Flockhart, American actress
* 1966 &ndash; Benedicta Boccoli, Italian actress
* 1966 &ndash; Alison Doody, Irish actress and model
* 1966 &ndash; Paul Monaghan, Scottish politician
* 1968 &ndash; Peaches, Canadian–German singer-songwriter, DJ, producer and actress
* 1968 &ndash; Alfredo Reinado, East Timorese rebel leader (d. 2008)
* 1969 &ndash; Carson Kressley, American television host and fashion designer
* 1970 &ndash; Lee Battersby, Australian writer
* 1971 &ndash; Jennifer Celotta, American director, producer and screenwriter
* 1972 &ndash; Tyler Christopher, American actor
* 1973 &ndash; Jason White, American musician (Green Day)
* 1974 &ndash; Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor

### From 1976 
* 1977 &ndash; Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (d. 2002)
* 1977 &ndash; Maniche, Portuguese footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Ludmilla Radchenko, Russian actress
* 1978 &ndash; Erik Edman, Swedish footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
* 1981 &ndash; Raphael Gualazzi, Italian pianist and singer
* 1981 &ndash; Natalie Glebova, Russian–Canadian beauty queen, Miss Universe 2005
* 1982 &ndash; Gonzalo Canale, Argentine–born Italian rugby player
* 1983 &ndash; Philipp Lahm, German footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Arouna Koné, Ivorian footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Greta Salóme Stefánsdóttir, Icelandic singer, songwriter and violinist
* 1986 &ndash; François Trinh-Duc, French rugby player
* 1987 &ndash; Yuya Tegoshi, Japanese singer and actor
* 1989 &ndash; Reina Tanaka, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
* 1989 &ndash; Adam Rippon, American figure skater
* 1990 &ndash; Georginio Wijnaldum, Dutch footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Tom Dumoulin, Dutch cyclist
* 1991 &ndash; Christa B. Allen, American actress
* 1993 &ndash; Jamaal Lascelles, English footballer
* 1994 &ndash; Ellie Simmonds, British Paralympic swimmer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 855 &ndash; Petronas, Byzantine Empire general
* 1028 &ndash; Constantine VIII, Byzantine Emperor
* 1130 &ndash; Theresa, Countess of Portugal (b. 1080)
* 1189 &ndash; William II of Sicily (b. 1153)
* 1623 &ndash; Philippe de Mornay, French theorist (b. 1549)
* 1686 &ndash; Otto von Guericke, German scientist, inventor and politician (b. 1602)
* 1724 &ndash; Joseph Blake, English outlaw and highwayman (b. 1700)
* 1751 &ndash; Julien Offray de La Mettrie, French physician and philosopher (b. 1709)
* 1831 &ndash; Nat Turner, American slave rebel (b. 1800)
* 1855 &ndash; Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (b. 1813)
* 1861 &ndash; King Pedro V of Portugal (b. 1837)
* 1862 &ndash; James Madison Porter, American lawyer and politician (b. 1793)
* 1880 &ndash; Ned Kelly, Australian bushranger (b. 1855)
* 1880 &ndash; Lucretia Mott, American feminist and abolitionist (b. 1793)
* 1887 &ndash; Haymarket affair executions:
**George Engel, German–American businessman and activist (b. 1836)
**Adolph Fischer, German–American printer and activist (b. 1858)
**Albert Parsons, American journalist and activist (b. 1848)
**August Spies, American journalist and activist (b. 1855)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1917 &ndash; Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii (b. 1838)
* 1918 &ndash; George Lawrence Price, Canadian soldier (b. 1892)
* 1918 &ndash; Victor Adler, Austrian politician (b. 1852)
* 1919 &ndash; Pavel Chistyakov, Russian painter (b. 1832)
* 1919 &ndash; Felix von Hartmann, German cardinal (b. 1861)
* 1938 &ndash; Typhoid Mary, Irish–American carrier of typhoid fever (b. 1869)
* 1939 &ndash; Jan Opletal, Czech student (b. 1915)
* 1945 &ndash; Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885)
* 1948 &ndash; Fred Niblo, American movie actor, director and producer (b. 1874)
* 1950 &ndash; Alexandros Diomidis, Greek banker and statesman (b. 1875)
* 1953 &ndash; Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1866)
* 1968 &ndash; Jeanne Demessieux, French composer (b. 1921)
* 1972 &ndash; Berry Oakley, American musician (b. 1948)
* 1973 &ndash; Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist (b. 1895)
* 1976 &ndash; Alexander Calder, American artist (b. 1898)
* 1977 &ndash; Greta Keller, Austrian–American actress and singer (b. 1903)
* 1979 &ndash; Dmitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian–American composer and conductor (b. 1894)
* 1984 &ndash; Martin Luther King, Sr., American civil rights figure (b. 1899)
* 1985 &ndash; Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1959)
* 1990 &ndash; Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet (b. 1909)
* 1993 &ndash; Erskine Hawkins, American trumpeter and big band leader (b. 1914)
* 1994 &ndash; Pedro Zamora, Cuban–American AIDS activist (b. 1972)
* 1994 &ndash; John A. Volpe, 61st Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1908)
* 1997 &ndash; Rod Milburn, American athlete (b. 1950)
* 1999 &ndash; Vivian Fuchs, British geologist and polar explorer (b. 1908)
* 2000 &ndash; Sandra Schmidt, German skier (b. 1981)

### From 2001 
* 2004 &ndash; Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian Authority (b. 1929)
* 2004 &ndash; Richard Dembo, French director and screenwriter (b. 1948)
* 2005 &ndash; Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield, British photographer (b. 1939)
* 2010 &ndash; Marie Osborne, American actress (b. 1911)
* 2012 &ndash; Rex Hunt, former British Governor of the Falkland Islands (b. 1926)
* 2013 &ndash; Domenico Bartolucci, Italian cardinal (b. 1917)
* 2013 &ndash; Stein Grieg Halvorsen, Norwegian theatre actor (b. 1909)
* 2014 &ndash; John Doar, American lawyer (b. 1921)
* 2014 &ndash; Carol Ann Susi, American actress (b. 1952)
* 2014 &ndash; Harry Lonsdale, American scientist, entrepreneur and politician (b. 1932)
* 2015 &ndash; Nathaniel Marston, American actor (b. 1975)
* 2015 &ndash; Phil Taylor, English musician (Motörhead) (b. 1954)
* 2016 &ndash; Robert Vaughn, American actor (b. 1932)
* 2016 &ndash; Aki Schmidt, German footballer (b. 1935)
* 2016 &ndash; Ilse Aichinger, Austrian writer (b. 1921)
* 2017 &ndash; Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1927)
* 2017 &ndash; Valery Rozov, Russian BASE jumper (b. 1964)
* 2017 &ndash; Ian Wachtmeister, Swedish business executive and politician (b. 1932)
* 2017 &ndash; Henry Emeleus, British geologist (b. 1930)
* 2018 &ndash; D. J. Finney, British statistician (b. 1917)
* 2018 &ndash; Olga Harmony, Mexican playwright (b. 1928)
* 2018 &ndash; Wayne Maunder, Canadian–American actor (b. 1937)
* 2018 &ndash; Douglas Rain, Canadian actor (b. 1928)
* 2018 &ndash; Frankie Schneider, American NASCAR driver (b. 1926)
* 2019 &ndash; Zeke Bratkowski, American football player (b. 1931)
* 2019 &ndash; Frank Dobson, British politician (b. 1940)
* 2019 &ndash; Winston Lackin, Surinamese politician (b. 1954)
* 2019 &ndash; James Le Mesurier, British army officer and aid worker (b. 1971)
* 2019 &ndash; Ralph T. O'Neal, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (b. 1933)
* 2019 &ndash; Mümtaz Soysal, Turkish politician and lawyer (b. 1929) 
* 2019 &ndash; Edward Zacca, Acting Governor–General of Jamaica (b. 1931)

## Observances 
* Christian feast day of Martin of Tours (St. Martin)
* Remembrance Day (some English–speaking countries)
* Veterans Day (United States)
* Armistice Day (France, Belgium)
* Independence Day (Poland, Angola)
* Lacplesis Day (Latvia)
* Republic Day (Maldives)
* Singles Day (China)
* Women's Day (Belgium)