open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
First Battle of Kernstown

The **First Battle of Kernstown** was fought on March 23, 1862, in Frederick County and Winchester, Virginia during the American Civil War. McClellan was massing his army for his Peninsula Campaign with the goal of  the Confederate capital of Richmond and ending the war. To do this McClellan had to weaken his forces protecting Washington, D.C.. Banks left General James Shields with a force of about 9,000 in the Valley while he would move east to Manassas, Virginia, to be closer to Washington, D.C. Jackson's cavalry commander, Colonel Turner Ashby, learned that part of the Union forces were leaving the valley and only a small force remained. The remaining Union troops remained out of sight during the skirmish. General Shields was wounded in the fighting and turned command of the Union division over to Colonel Nathan Kimball.

## Battle, March 23 
At about nine o'clock on the morning of March 23, Ashby's cavalry attacked. Kimball was not certain if this was another skirmish or the start of a battle. But just in case, he placed his forces in a strong defensive position on Pritchard Hill. He placed his artillery there as well. On seeing this, Jackson concentrated his artillery on Sandy Ridge, west of Prichard Hill. At about three-thirty, Jackson could see from Sandy Ridge that what he thought was a small Union force was actually much bigger. Jackson told one of his officers "We are in for it."

Kimball, believing he was up against a much larger Confederate force, decided to silence the Confederate guns on Sandy Ridge. His attack was met with strong resistance from the Confederates and the battle soon became a . Jackson kept sending in more Confederate troops, but he could not drive the Union line back. Kimball still had fresh s he could send into the battle. By six o'clock the Confederates were running low on ammunition and were nearly . When one of his brigades ran out of ammunition completely, they had to withdraw from the battle. The Union army attacked through the gap they left and Jackson's entire force had to quickly retreat.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* First Battle of Kernstown
Missal

]]
In the western-rite Church, the term Missal is used for a text that describes the different types of Mass there are, as well as how to celebrate a given type Mass. Pope Pius V published the first missal for the Roman Catholic Church 1570.
Wilderswil

**Wilderswil** is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Pietro Martorana

**Pietro Martorana ** (1705 – 1759), was an Italian painter. He was a member of a family of artists from Palermo. He was one of the main representatives of the classic late Baroque painting in Sicily.
 
Martorana painted frescos in Palermo in the churches of Santa Rosalia, St. Chiara and St. Carlo. With Olivio Sozzi. He decorated the palace of Michele Gravina Branciforte, prince of Butera in Palermo.

## Related pages 
* Baroque
* Gioacchino Martorana
* List of Italian painters

## References
Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement

'''Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement** (**Agro ParisTech**, Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences) is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Paris-Saclay (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
* **Ingénieur Agro ParisTeh** (Agro ParisTech Graduate engineer Masters level program)
* **Masters Recherche** & **Doctorat** (**PhD** doctorate studies )
* **Mastères Spécialisés** (**MS''')

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students of many nationalities participate to the different curricula at Agro ParisTech.

## Research labs 
Research activities at Agro ParisTech relate to the following topics:
* Agronomy, Forestry, Water and Environmental Science and Technology
* Life Science and Health
* Science and Engineering for Food and Bioproducts
* Social science, Economics and Management
* Modeling: Mathematics, Informatics and Physics

## References 
## Further reading 
* Official website
Marko Podraščanin

**Marko Podraščanin** () (born 29 August 1987) is a Serbian volleyball player, a member of Serbia men's national volleyball team and Italian club Sir Safety Umbria Perugia. He has participated in two Olympic Games (Beijing 2008, London 2012), and is a bronze medalist of the World Championship 2010.

## References
* FIVB profile 2012
Andrea Sartoretti

**Andrea Sartoretti** (born June 19, 1971) is an Italian former volleyball player. He has won two silver medals and a bronze medal in three Olympic Games between 1996 and 2004.
## Clubs
## References
* Sports-ref Profile
Earvin N'Gapeth

'''Earvin N'Gapeth''' (born 12 February 1991) is a French volleyball player, a member of French national volleyball team and Italian club Modena. Ngapeth winner 2015 European Champion, a gold medalist of the 2015 World League, French Champion (2010), Italian Champion (2016).

## References 
* FIVB profile  2015
* Highlight movie
Tuncay Şanlı

**Tuncay Şanlı** (born 16 January 1982) is a former Turkish football player. He has played for Turkey national team.
## Club career statistics
## References
Port of Amsterdam

]]
The **Port of Amsterdam** is a port located in the city of Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. Looking at the amount of cargo shipped, the port is the 4th most important in Europe. The port was created in the 13th century. It was one of the main ports of the Dutch East India Company, in the 17th century. Today, it is the second largest port in the Netherlands, after the port of Rotterdam. The North Sea Canal connects the port to the North Sea. The port of Amsterdam is mostly used for bulk cargo. In 2013, about 95 million tons of goods passed through one of the ports in Amsterdam. 79 millon tons of these were bulk cargo. About 60.000 people work in the port.
North Chungcheong Province

**North Chungcheong Province**, or ***Chungcheongbuk-do*** (Korean pronunciation: [tɕʰuŋtɕʰʌŋbukt͈o]), is a province in the centre of South Korea. It was formed in 1896 from the northeastern half of the former Chungcheong province. The provincial capital is Cheongju.

## References
Larry Roberts (actor)

**Lawrence Saltzman** (September 28, 1926 – July 17, 1992), also known as **Larry Roberts**, was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for his role of playing the voice of Tramp in the 1955 Disney movie *Lady and the Tramp*. He was also well known for his roles in the 1950s TV series *Lights, Camera, Action!*.

## Selected filmography
**Lights, Camera, Action!* (1950)
**Lady and the Tramp* (1955) - Tramp (voice)

## References
## Other websites
*
Bulk cargo

, France]]
s carry all types of liquids and gases.]]

**Bulk cargo** is a type of cargo that is carried in big amounts. Bulk cargo can be gases, liquids, coal, and wheat.
Sepoy

A **sepoy** was an Indian footsoldier (of whatever religion) in the East India Company army or the British Indian Army. The term comes from the Persian language "Sipahi". The term *sipahi* was also used for cavalry soldiers in the army of the Seljuks and the Ottomans.

In the modern Indian Army, Pakistan Army, Bangladesh Army and Nepalese Army, it is still used for the rank of private soldier.

## References
Vicente Martín y Soler

**Vicente Martín y Soler** (2 May 1754 – 30 January 1806) was a composer from Spain. He wrote many operas and ballets.

He was born in Valencia, a city in Spain. He studied music in Bologna in Italy. His teacher in Bologna was Giovanni Battista Martini. His first opera was *Il tutore burlato*. It was performed in Madrid in 1775. Then he went to Italy. He worked as a composer for the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples from 1777 to 1785. Then he moved to Vienna in Austria. His operas in Vienna had much success. In 1788 Catherine the Great, the Empress of Russia, invited him to work for her. In Russia he wrote more operas and ballets. They were performed in the Empress's theater in Saint Petersburg. Martín y Soler died in Saint Petersburg.

## Operas
Martín y Soler's most important operas were:
* *Il burbero di buon cuore* (1786)
* *Una cosa rara* (1786)
* ''L'arbore di Diana* (1787)
* *La capricciosa corretta'' (1795)

## References
Les Rodanes

**Les Rodanes** is a natural reserve in Valencian Community, Spain located into the municipal boundary of Vilamarxant, Valencia province. The territory occupies an area of .

## Geography 
In 2002, it was stated as nature reserve into the municipal boundary of Vilamarxant, Camp del Turia. It is located a few kilometers south of the River Turia. It has an area of 582,47 ha.

Its geology is formed by sandstones and argillites.

## Fauna 
This place is the habitat of around 50 bird species as *Buteo buteo*, *Falco tinnunculus*, *Tyto alba*, *Strigidae*, *Athene noctua* and mammals as *Mustela nivalis*, *Vulpini* and *Sus scrofa*.

## References 
## Other websites
Generalitat Valenciana - Paraje Natural Municipal "Les Rodanes"  (**Valencian**)
Arrondissements of the Indre department

There are 4 **arrondissements in the Indre department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Indre are:

## History
Since its creation, the Indre department has had some changes:
* 1790 : creation of the Indre department with six districts: Issoudun, Châteauroux, Argenton, Le Blanc, La Châtre and Châtillon-sur-Indre. Châteauroux was the capital of the department.
* 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Châteauroux, Le Blanc, La Châtre and Issoudun.
* 1926 : the arrondissement of Issoudun was eliminated.
* 1942 : Issoudun was made again an arrondissement.

## Related pages
* Arrondissement of Le Blanc
* Arrondissement of Châteauroux
* Arrondissement of La Châtre
* Arrondissement of Issoudun
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Anarkali Salwar Suit

wearing an Anarkali suit]]
An **Anarkali Shalwar suit** is a form of women's dress. The anarkali suit is made up of a long, frock-style top and features a slim fitted bottom. It is mostly worn by women in Pakistan and other countries in South Asia such as India and Bangladesh. The anarkali suit varies in many different lengths and embroideries including floor length anarkali styles. 

Anarkali suits owe their name to the fictional Anarkali, a courtesan in the court of Mughal emperor Akbar  who was legendarily murdered for her illicit relationship with the Crown Prince Salim.

Anarkali Suits  is similar to Gowns as it is same vice versa with Length of Suits. The only difference in Anarkali suits and Gowns comes with Dupatta and salwar rest all are same. Anarkali Suits are very popular nowadays in India among village side girls. 

## References
China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303

**China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303** was a flight from Xianyang Airport, in Xianyang to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former). The aircraft used was a Tupolev Tu-154M. On June 6, 1994  the aircraft crashed into a field due to mechanical flaw in Xi'an. All 160 people were killed in China's worst air disaster.
Arrondissement of Le Blanc

The **arrondissement of Le Blanc** is an arrondissement of France, in the Indre department of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its capital is the city of Le Blanc.

## History
When the Indre department was created on 1800, the *arrondissement* of Le Blanc was part of that original department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Le Blanc is the most western *arrondissement* of the Indre department; it covers parts of the west and southwest of the department. It  is the second *arrondissement* of the department in area, after the *arrondissement* of Châteauroux, with, but the one with the lowest population (31,821 inhabitants).

The lowest point in the arrondissement is  high,  in the "commune" of Néons-sur-Creuse, and the highest is  high,  in the "commune" of Mouhet.

It is bordered to the north by the Indre-et-Loire department, to the east by the *arrondissement* of Châteauroux, to the southeast by the *arrondissement* of  La Châtre, to the south by the Creuse department, to the southwest by the  Haute-Vienne department and to the west by the Vienne department.

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

There are only two cantons in the *arrondissement* of Le Blanc:
* Le Blanc (3603), with 27 "communes", all in the *arrondissement*; and
* Saint-Gaultier (3612), with 30 "communes" in the *arrondissement* and 4 in the *arrondissement* of Châteauroux.

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Le Blanc has 57 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

# Azay-le-Ferron (36010)
# Beaulieu (36015)
# Bélâbre (36016)
# Le Blanc (36018)
# Bonneuil (36020)
# Chaillac (36035)
# Chalais (36036)
# La Châtre-Langlin (36047)
# Chazelet (36049)
# Chitray (36051)
# Ciron (36053)
# Concremiers (36058)
# Douadic (36066)
# Dunet (36067)
# Fontgombault (36076)
# Ingrandes (36087)
# Lignac (36094)
# Lingé (36096)
# Lurais (36104)
# Lureuil (36105)
# Luzeret (36106)
# Martizay (36113)
# Mauvières (36114)
# Mérigny (36119)
# Mézières-en-Brenne (36123)
# Migné (36124)
# Mouhet (36134)
# Néons-sur-Creuse (36137)
# Nuret-le-Ferron (36144)
# Obterre (36145)
# Oulches (36148)
# Parnac (36150)
# Paulnay (36153)
# La Pérouille (36157)
# Pouligny-Saint-Pierre (36165)
# Preuilly-la-Ville (36167)
# Prissac (36168)
# Rivarennes (36172)
# Rosnay (36173)
# Roussines (36174)
# Ruffec (36176)
# Sacierges-Saint-Martin (36177)
# Saint-Aigny (36178)
# Saint-Benoît-du-Sault (36182)
# Saint-Civran (36187)
# Saint-Gaultier (36192)
# Sainte-Gemme (36193)
# Saint-Gilles (36196)
# Saint-Hilaire-sur-Benaize (36197)
# Saint-Michel-en-Brenne (36204)
# Saulnay (36212)
# Sauzelles (36213)
# Thenay (36220)
# Tilly (36223)
# Tournon-Saint-Martin (36224)
# Vigoux (36239)
# Villiers (36246)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Indre department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Law of Azerbaijan

The **law of Azerbaijan** is made up of many levels of codified forms of law. The laws of Azerbaijan are based on civil law. As the country was a republic of the Soviet Union until 1991, its laws have also been influenced heavily by socialist law. Today Azerbaijani law is heavily based on the laws Germany, France and Italy which also use civil law.

## Criminal law
The current Criminal Code of Azerbaijan came into force in September 2000, replacing the older Criminal Code of 1960 which was based on Soviet law. The current Azerbaijani criminal law is based on the criminal laws of Germany, France and Italy.

## Sources of law
Unlike common law systems such as the United States and the United Kingdom, Azerbaijani courts do not rely on case law and judicial precedent and there are no  laws in Azerbaijani law. Except for decisions of the Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan, decisions of the courts are not usually counted as a source of law. The sources of law in the Azerbaijani legal system are:
*The Constitution of Azerbaijan.
*Acts adopted via referendum.
*Laws passed by the National Assembly of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan's legislature.
*.
* of the Cabinet of Minister.
*International treaties to which Azerbaijan is a .

## Court system
The Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan as the highest court of the country, makes the most important and final decisions on civil, criminal and other . It is the court of last  and it has more power than all other courts. Decisions of lower courts can be  here. The Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan has the power to  and  the Constitution of Azerbaijan, especially if laws  the constitution.

## References
## Other websites
* Supreme Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Arrondissement of La Châtre

The **arrondissement of La Châtre** is an arrondissement of France, in the Indre department of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its capital is the city of La Châtre.

## History
When the Indre department was created on 1800, the *arrondissement* of Châteauroux was part of that original department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of La Châtre is in the southeast of the Indre department. It  has an area of  and a population of 32,962 inhabitants.

The lowest point in the arrondissement is  high,  in the "commune" of Ceaulmont, and the highest is  high, in the "commune" of Crevant.

It is bordered to the north by the *arrondissement* of  Châteauroux, to the northeast by the *arrondissement* of Issoudun, to the east by the Cher departmen, to the south by the Creuse department and to the west by the *arrondissement* of  Le Blanc.

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and *arrondissements*:

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of La Châtre has 51 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

# Aigurande (36001)
# La Berthenoux (36017)
# Briantes (36025)
# La Buxerette (36028)
# Buxières-d'Aillac (36030)
# Champillet (36038)
# Chassignolles (36043)
# La Châtre (36046)
# Cluis (36056)
# Crevant (36060)
# Crozon-sur-Vauvre (36061)
# Feusines (36073)
# Fougerolles (36078)
# Gournay (36084)
# Lacs (36091)
# Lignerolles (36095)
# Lourdoueix-Saint-Michel (36099)
# Lourouer-Saint-Laurent (36100)
# Lys-Saint-Georges (36108)
# Le Magny (36109)
# Maillet (36110)
# Malicornay (36111)
# Mers-sur-Indre (36120)
# Montchevrier (36126)
# Montgivray (36127)
# Montipouret (36129)
# Montlevicq (36130)
# La Motte-Feuilly (36132)
# Mouhers (36133)
# Néret (36138)
# Neuvy-Saint-Sépulchre (36141)
# Nohant-Vic (36143)
# Orsennes (36146)
# Pérassay (36156)
# Pouligny-Notre-Dame (36163)
# Pouligny-Saint-Martin (36164)
# Saint-Août (36180)
# Saint-Chartier (36184)
# Saint-Christophe-en-Boucherie (36186)
# Saint-Denis-de-Jouhet (36189)
# Saint-Plantaire (36207)
# Sainte-Sévère-sur-Indre (36208)
# Sarzay (36210)
# Sazeray (36214)
# Thevet-Saint-Julien (36221)
# Tranzault (36226)
# Urciers (36227)
# Verneuil-sur-Igneraie (36234)
# Vicq-Exemplet (36236)
# Vigoulant (36238)
# Vijon (36240)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages 
* Arrondissements of the Indre department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
British Motor Corporation

In September 1965, BMC took control of its major suppliers (of bodies), Pressed Steel, acquiring Jaguar's body supplier in the process.

In September 1966, BMC merged with Jaguar Cars Limited.

On 14 December 1966, BMC changed its name to **British Motor Holdings Limited** or **BMH**.

BMH merged in May 1968 with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, which made trucks and buses and were owners of Standard-Triumph International Limited, BMH becoming the major part of British Leyland Motor Corporation.

## Organisation
 Super-DeluxeThe Mini was BMC's all-time best seller.]]

File:" (a picture by david adam kess, Union Jack Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg
File:Red Mini Cooper Cabrio (F57), frontal view, Madrid, 2016.jpg
File:" (a picture by david adam kess, a1b Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg
File:" (a picture by david adam kess, Mini Cooper.jpg
File:" (a picture by david adam kess, pic. a1 Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg
File:" (a picture by david adam kess, pic. a01 Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg
File:" (a picture by david adam kess, pic. a1b Mini Cooper, Madrid.jpg

## References
Arrondissement of Issoudun

The **arrondissement of Issoudun** is an arrondissement of France, in the Indre department of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its capital is the city of Issoudun.

## History
When the Indre department was created on 1800, the *arrondissement* of Issoudun was part of that original department.

On 10 September 1926, the *arrondissement* of Issoudun was eliminated but in 1942 it was made again an *arrondissement*. cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and *arrondissements*:

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Issoudun has 49 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

# Aize (36002)
# Ambrault (36003)
# Anjouin (36004)
# Bagneux (36011)
# Bommiers (36019)
# Les Bordes (36021)
# Brives (36027)
# Buxeuil (36029)
# Chabris (36034)
# La Champenoise (36037)
# La Chapelle-Saint-Laurian (36041)
# Chouday (36052)
# Condé (36059)
# Diou (36065)
# Dun-le-Poëlier (36068)
# Fontenay (36075)
# Giroux (36083)
# Guilly (36085)
# Issoudun (36088)
# Liniez (36097)
# Lizeray (36098)
# Luçay-le-Libre (36102)
# Menetou-sur-Nahon (36115)
# Ménétréols-sous-Vatan (36116)
# Meunet-Planches (36121)
# Meunet-sur-Vatan (36122)
# Migny (36125)
# Neuvy-Pailloux (36140)
# Orville (36147)
# Paudy (36152)
# Poulaines (36162)
# Pruniers (36169)
# Reboursin (36170)
# Reuilly (36171)
# Saint-Aoustrille (36179)
# Saint-Aubin (36181)
# Saint-Christophe-en-Bazelle (36185)
# Sainte-Fauste (36190)
# Sainte-Lizaigne (36199)
# Saint-Florentin (36191)
# Saint-Georges-sur-Arnon (36195)
# Saint-Pierre-de-Jards (36205)
# Saint-Valentin (36209)
# Ségry (36215)
# Sembleçay (36217)
# Thizay (36222)
# Val-Fouzon (36229)
# Vatan (36230)
# Vouillon (36248)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Indre department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Jonas Savimbi

**Jonas Malheiro Savimbi** was an Angolan political and military leader and Pan-Africanist. He founded and led the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).

In 2002 UNITA lost the Angolan Civil War to the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).

## References
Babrak Karmal

**Babrak Karmal** was an Afghan politician. Karmal was made President of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union at the beginning of the Soviet–Afghan War.

Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union deposed Karmal and replaced him with Mohammad Najibullah. Following his loss of power, Karmal was exiled to Moscow.

## References
Truyère

The **Truyère** () is a river in southwestern France. It is the main tributary of the Lot river.

## Geography
The Truyère river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 69.5 cubic metres per second at Entraygues-sur-Truyèret.

### Course
The Truyère starts in the Margeride mountains, south-western Massif Central, north of Mende, in the "commune" of La Villedieu (Lozère department), at an altitude of about .

The Truyère flows to the west, in general, and passes through 2 regions, 3 departments and 44 *communes*:

The Garabit Viaduct is a bridge over the Truyère near Ruynes-en-Margeride that was built by Gustave Eiffel.

There are several dams over the river to produce hydroelectricity.

## Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Truyère river are:

**Left tributaries**:
* Rimeize - 37.3&nbsp;km
* Bès - 66.7&nbsp;km
* Lebot - 22.7&nbsp;km
* Argence Vive - 23.9
* Selves - 44.5&nbsp;km

**Right tributaries**:
* Ander - 36.2&nbsp;km
* Brezons - 28.5&nbsp;km
* Bromme - 28.7&nbsp;km
* Goul - 52&nbsp;km

## Gallery

Truyere.JPG|Truyère river from Chaliers
France, Aveyron, Barrage de Sarrans.jpg|Sarrans dam
Truyère Château d'Alleuze.jpg|Castle of Alleuze, Cantal
Garabit.jpg|The Garabit Viaduct

## Related pages
* List of rivers of France

## References 
## Other websites
* La Truyère (O7--0250)
Khalji dynasty

.]]

The **Khalji dynasty** (also spelled as **Khilji dynasty**) was a Muslim dynasty of Turkic origin. It ruled large parts of South Asia between 1290 and 1320. Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji was the founder and first Sultan of the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate of India.

## References
Célé

The **Célé** is a river in southern France. It is a right tributary of the Lot river; it is the second largest tributary of the Lot, after the Truyère.

Several communes have the name of the river in their names:Bagnac-sur-Célé, Marcilhac-sur-Célé, Sauliac-sur-Célé.

## Geography
The Célé river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 17.90 cubic metres per second at Orniac.

### Course
]]
The Célé starts in the Massif Central, in the "commune" of Calvinet (Cantal department), at an altitude of about .

The Célé flows to the west, in general, and passes through 2 regions, 2 departments and 26 *communes*:

## Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Célé river are (only right tributaries because the left tributaries are small Streams):

**Right tributaries**:
* Ressègue - 22.4&nbsp;km
* Rance - 35.9&nbsp;km
* Veyre - 32.9&nbsp;km
* Bervezou - 24&nbsp;km
* Drauzou - 22.6&nbsp;km

## Related pages
* List of rivers of France

## References 
## Other websites
* Banque Hydro - MEDDE, « Synthèse de la Banque Hydro - Le Célé à Orniac
Suntec City

**Suntec City** is a major multi-use development in Marina Centre, a subzone of the Downtown Core in Singapore. Construction began on 18 January 1992 (with earthworks) followed by full completion and opening on 22 July 1997.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Suntec city
Patty Judge

**Patty Judge** (born November 2, 1943) is an American nurse and politician. She was the 46th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa. She was also previously the Secretary of Agriculture for Iowa. In 2010, she ran for re-election, though was not successful. She had been elected to the office with the Governor Chet Culver.

In March 2016, she announced her run for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate. She won the primary on June 7. She lost the general election to the incumbent Chuck Grassley.

Judge was born in Fort Madison, Iowa.

## References
Esplanade MRT station

**Esplanade MRT Station** (CC3) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Circle Line in Downtown Core, Singapore, at the junction of Bras Basah Road, Raffles Boulevard and Nicoll Highway. The station was opened on 17 April 2010 along with the rest of Stages 1 & 2 of the Circle Line. It is located next to the War Memorial Park, the Suntec City Mall and the Suntec Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre. The station also has a link to Raffles City, CityLink Mall, Suntec City Mall and Marina Square.

There is a link from Esplanade station to City Hall station via the underground shopping centre CityLink Mall or basement 2 of Raffles City shopping mall. iExperience Gallery is also located here.

Prior to the opening of the station, names like Suntec, Suntec West, War Memorial and Memorial Park were used.

## References
City Hall MRT station

**City Hall MRT station (NS25/EW13)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station in Singapore, that has received very high passenger number all the while. It is named after the national monument - City Hall before National Gallery took over in 2015. It provides cross platform interchange between the two lines.

It is located in the Civic District in the Downtown Core, which is within the Central Area, the city centre of Singapore. It is situated underground, beneath the junction of Stamford Road and North Bridge Road, and is thus east of the Singapore River. The commercial district of Raffles Place and its respective station is located across the Singapore River.

## History
Before this station was built, it was called St Andrew's. It was renamed to City Hall in 1984.

### Incidents
On December 10, 1985, a foreman died at City Hall MRT station.

This station was part of the series of 2011 MRT train disruptions on 15 and 17 December 2011. The disruption was caused by a misalignment between the trains' current collector shoes and the third rail. The disruption was one of Singapore's two largest MRT disruptions at the time of occurrence.

A power failure and blackout occurred at the station on 6 July 2012 at about 1.30 pm, causing the platforms for north and west-bound trains to turn pitch black. Emergency lighting was turned on immediately after the incident occurred. However, train services were not affected by the incident. Lighting was progressively restored from 2 pm, and was back to normal at 3.15 pm. All escalators have also been turned on. SMRT has apologised for any inconvenience caused.

## Related pages
*Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

## References
## Other websites
*
Bishan MRT station

**Bishan MRT station (NS17/CC15)** is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station along the North South Line and Circle Line in Bishan, Singapore. It was one of the original five stations on the North South Line. It also serves the Circle Line which opened on 8 October 2017.

The north south line platforms are one of the few on the MRT that has split side platforms. This station is also only one of four to have faregates on the same level as the platforms, with the others being Expo, Changi Airport and Stevens

## Related pages
*Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

## References
## Other websites
*
Nicoll Highway MRT station

**Nicoll Highway MRT Station** is an MRT station in Singapore, and it was only there when the Nicoll Highway collapse on 17 April 2004.

## References
Stadium MRT station

**Stadium MRT Station** is a MRT station in Singapore, that connects to the Singapore Sports Hub and Kallang Wave.

## References
Singapore Armed Forces

The **Singapore Armed Forces** (**SAF**) is the military arm of the Total Defence of the Republic of Singapore; as well as the military component of the Ministry of Defence.

The SAF has three services: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). The SAF protects the interests, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Singapore from external threats.

The SAF relies heavily on a large pool of conscripts in the active and reserve forces. It has an active strength of around 71,600 personnel and is capable of mobilising over 900,000 reservists. National Servicemen (NSmen) make up more than 80% of its military defence system and form the backbone of the SAF.

SAF uses the SAR-21 rifle.

## References
Wiler bei Utzenstorf

**Wiler bei Utzenstorf** is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
*
Ebikon

**Ebikon** (Swiss German: *Äbike*) is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Homepage of Ebikon
Gapik

, bottom row - reverse (back).]]
**Qapik** (or **gapik**, from ) is a monetary unit of Azerbaijan, equal to 1/100 of the Azerbaijani manat. The 2006 currency denomination of the Azerbaijani manat introduced 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 50 qapik into circulation.

The 1, 3 and 5 qapik are made of copper-covered steel. The 10 and 20 qapik are made of brass-covered steel, the 50 qapik are in two colors.

The word *qapik* comes from the Russian word "kopek" which means spear, and which was a currency since the time of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century and is now the monetary unit of the Russian ruble, Ukrainian hryvnia and Belarusian ruble.

## Related pages
* Azerbaijani manat
* Azerbaijani manat sign

## References
History of baseball in the United States

, 1896]]

The **history of baseball in the United States** can be traced to the 19th century. This is when amateurs played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using  they made themselves. The popularity of the sport inspired the - national baseball clubs in the 1860s.

## Early history
The earliest known mention of baseball in the United States was a 1791 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, law banning the playing of the game within  of the town meeting house. In 1903, the British sportswriter Henry Chadwick wrote an article saying that baseball came from a British game called rounders. A game  which Chadwick had played as a boy in England. But baseball executive Albert Spalding disagreed. Baseball, said Spalding, was basically an American sport and began in America. To decide they agreed to let Abraham G. Mills settle the question by heading a . After three years they found that Abner Doubleday had invented the national pastime.

In 2004, baseball historian John Thorn discovered the 1791 town ordinance, putting Pittsfield's connection to baseball 48 years before Abner Doubleday accepted invention of the game in 1839 in Cooperstown, New York. This is where the National Baseball Hall of Fame now stands. The Hall of Fame recognized the ordinance as the first known reference to the game and honored the town with a plaque. Another early reference reports that *base ball* was regularly played on Saturdays in 1823 just outside of New York City in an area that today is Greenwich Village.

## Betting scandals 
Baseball started out being a game children played. Baseball's rise in popularity d with professional gamblers noticing the game. Those who ran gambling games thought adults would be more interested if they could bet on who would win. This would also add profits for gambling halls. This is how most players made any money playing baseball. The Chicago White Sox lost the series to the Cincinnati Reds. Eight White Sox players were later accused of intentionally losing the games in exchange for money from gamblers. The players were found not guilty in court but were still banned for life from baseball. But game-fixing dates dates back to 1865. That was the first scandal where three players were banned from playing again.

## References
Blackmail (disambiguation)

**Blackmail** is the act of threatening to reveal information about a person or group unless a specific demand is met.
Emotional blackmail is a form of psychological manipulation.

**Blackmail** may also refer to:

* *Blackmail*, a 1929 UK film directed by Alfred Hitchcock
* *Blackmailer* (1936 film), a 1936 US film directed by Gordon Wiles
* *Blackmail* (1939 movie), a 1939 US film starring Edward G. Robinson
* *Blackmail* (1947 movie), a 1947 film noir
* *Blackmailed* (1951 film), a 1951 film with James Robertson Justice
* *Black Mail* (1973 film), a 1973 Hindi film starring Dharmendra
* *Black Mail* (1985 film), a 1985 Malayalam film
* *Black Mail* (1991 film), a 1991 US television film starring Susan Blakely
* *Blackmail* (2005 film), a 2005 Hindi film starring Ajay Devgan
* *Blackmail* (2015 film), a Bangladeshi film
* Blackmail (band), a German indie rock band
* *Blackmail* (album), the self-named debut album of the band
* Blackmail (webisodes), a spin-off series of mini-episodes of *The Office*
* "Blackmail" (*Law & Order*), a 2010 episode of the long-running NBC legal drama, *Law & Order*
* "Blackmail", a song by 10cc from the album *The Original Soundtrack*
List of Pashto-language movies

This is a list of **Pashto-language movies**.

## 1970
## 1973
## 1992
## 1993
## 2006 
## 2007 
## 2008 
## 2012
## 2016
## Related pages 
* Arbaaz Khan

## References
Qom

.]]
**Qom** is the second largest city of Iran and one of the main holy bases of Shia Islam. The city dates back to before the rise of Islam. The city was conquered by Muslims in 23/644-645 but the people of Qom converted to Islam with the immigration of Ash'ariyyun in 85/704-705, the beginning of the development of Qom as a Shia city was from that time.

Immigration of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma to Qom and his shrine in the city, and after that, immigration of other Imam's descendants and Sayyids, made the city the base of Shi'ism in Iran. Foundation of Qom seminary added to the Shi'a fame of the city.

Today, the city is the greatest base of Shi'ism from which the Shi'a knowledge is promoted to the world.

## References
* The material for writing this article is mainly taken from قم  in Farsi WikiShia.
Marga Marga Province

**Marga Marga Province** () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). The city of Quilpué is the capital of the province.

The province of Marga Marga was created in 2010 with 2 communes of the Valparaíso province, Quilpué and Villa Alemana, and 2 communes of the province of Quillota, Limache and Olmué.

## Geography
The Marga Marga province has an area of , the sixth largest province in the Valparaíso region; only the Quillota and Isla de Pascua provinces are smaller.

## Administration
As a province, Marga Marga is a second-level administrative division, consisting of four communes (*comunas*). The city of Quilpué serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Chile

## References
## Other websites
* Territorial division of Chile 
* Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso  Official website 
* Province of Marga Marga website
Military terminology

**Military terminology** is the words and acronyms used by military organization and members of various militaries. Military terms may have the same spelling as common words but mean something very different. Common terms may also differ between militaries of English-speaking countries. This is from an old military euphemism meaning to retreat (no military likes to admit it retreats). Some phrases are so strange that nobody outside the military understands them. "15 minutes prior to 15 minutes prior" refers to military people being told to show up 15 minutes early for everything. So when a commanding officer says there will be a meeting at "06:00" (6:00&nbsp;a.m. on the 24-hour clock), it means to show up at 05:45. When junior officers repeat the order to the sergeant, to him it means 05:30, and so on. By the time it filters down to the lowest ranking soldier, it can mean be there by midnight. New recruits, military families and even seasoned veterans are expected to know most if not all the current acronyms. It was taken from naval signal manuals meaning the same thing. However, if someone were to say "B Z" nobody would understand. A soldier is a member of an army.
* Bazooka — A bazooka was a World War II shoulder-fired anti-tank rocket launcher that was used up to about the end of the Vietnam War. However, modern portable rocket launchers are not bazookas. 
* Hummer – A Hummer is a civilian vehicle not to be confused with the Humvee or HMMWV which stands for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle. A soldier or marine would never call a Humvee a Hummer or .

## Military symbology
Many armed forces have developed elaborate sets of symbols that act like a written language to describe units, activities, and missions. These symbols can be placed on maps to indicate locations, used in drawings to show military organization structures, or even painted on vehicles to indicate roles.

Today, many nations use the military symbology standardized by NATO and evolved from the symbols used by the US Army during the Second World War. Other nations may use military symbology from the former Warsaw Pact or systems that they created themselves.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Military Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations 
* War & Military Vocabulary: Understand the news; YouTube
* Top 10 Military Acronyms; YouTube
Cordillera Department

The **Cordillera department** () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Caacupé. Its ISO 3166-2 code  is **PY-03**.

## Geography
The Cordillera department is in the *Oriental* region. It has an area of , the largest of the *Oriental* region, with a population of 282,981 for a population density of .

### Limits
* To the north: San Pedro department.
* To the east: Caaguazú department.
* To the south: Paraguarí and Central departments.
* To the west: Presidente Hayes department, separated by the Paraguay river.

### Rivers
The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay that makes the western border of the department.

The main lake is the *Ypacaraí*.

## Districts
The department is divided in 20 districts:

 

## Related pages
* Departments of Paraguay
* ISO 3166-2:PY

## References
## Other websites
* Gobernación de Cordillera website  
* Statoids - Departments of Paraguay
Raffles Place MRT station

**Raffles Place MRT station (EW14/NS26)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North South Line and the East West Line in Downtown Core, Singapore. It is directly underneath the centre of the financial area of Raffles Place, located in the Downtown Core area, south of the Singapore River. It is one of the more prominent and busier stations within Singapore's transport system during peak hours, especially being an interchange station located within the Central Area. The station has many entrances/exits, the two main ones facing the Raffles Gardens, with the building being a miniature facade of the historic John Little building, just before the Telok Ayer and Downtown MRT Station came on board.

This station used to be the largest and deepest MRT station in Singapore, but the record was broken by Dhoby Ghaut in 2003 and then by Bras Basah in 2010, then by Promenade in 2013 which is 43 metres below ground. It is also one of the four MRT stations to appear in "Uniquely Singapore Edition" of the board game *Monopoly*.

The station is the only MRT station to ever participate in three terrorist exercises, which are Exercise Northstar IV on January 11, 2004, Exercise Northstar V, when it was one of four stations which participated in the exercise on January 8, 2006, as well as Exercise Northstar VII on July 7, 2009 together with Sentosa and VivoCity. At Raffles Place, most southbound trains will then terminate at Marina Bay while few others at Marina South Pier.

## Related pages
*Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

## References
## Other websites
*
Marina Bay MRT station

**Marina Bay MRT station (NS27/CE2/TE20)** is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North South Line and Circle Line, located on the boundary of Downtown Core and Straits View planning areas in Singapore. The station is designed by Aedas. 

It was the southern terminus of the North South Line until late November 2014. However, most trains terminate at Marina Bay instead of Marina South Pier possibly due to the low passenger demand at Marina South Pier. Passengers who are going to Marina South Pier should observe the television screens on the station platforms and listen to announcements which will notify commuters when a train that is terminating at Marina South Pier arrives. Circle Line trains that begin from here terminate at Stadium MRT station, with a few trains terminating at HarbourFront MRT station during peak hours. When the Thomson-East Coast MRT Line opened, it became 3-line interchange.

Marina Bay is mainly used as an interchange station as there are very little buildings nearby.

## Exits
*A: Marina Station Road, Marina South Pier, Marina Barrage, Bayfront Avenue Taxi Stand
*B: Asia Square, Central Boulevard, Marina Bay City Gallery, Marina Bay Financial Centre, Marina Bay Link Mall, Marina Bay Residences, Marina Bay Sands, Marina Bay Suites, Marina Boulevard, The Promontory @ Marina Bay
It is possible to walk 500 meters to Downtown MRT station from Exit B of the station.

## Related pages
*Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

## References
## Other websites
*
Willadingen

**Willadingen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Willadingen
Alexander Dubček

**Alexander Dubček** was a Slovak politician. He was briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968–1969).

Dubček tried to change the communist government during the Prague Spring. He was made to quit after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. He became a politician again after the Velvet Revolution.

## References
Walter Hallstein

**Walter Hallstein** (17 November 1901 – 29 March 1982) was a German academic, diplomat, and politician. He was the first president of the Commission of the European Economic Community. He was one of the founding fathers of the European Union.

Hallstein is also the person behind the Hallstein Doctrine, wich the former state of West Germany proclaimed in 1955. It meant that West Germany wouldn't have diplomatic relations with countries that recognized East Germany.

## References
Lanyard

A **lanyard** is a cord or strap. It is made to help the wearer keep and use some basic items of equipment, especially small items. It is usually worn around the neck with an ID card or keys. 

Lanyards were first introduced in the 15th century. In the military, lanyards are worn on the shoulders of uniforms to denote the wearer's qualification or regimental affiliation.

## References
## Other websites
*Lanyards - a historical view
Todor Zhivkov

**Todor Hristov Zhivkov** ( ; 7 September 1911 – 5 August 1998) was the communist head of state of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989.

Zhivkov was the longest-serving leader of any Eastern Bloc nation. He is one of the longest ruling non-royal leaders in history. 

## References
Blek le Rat

**Blek le Rat** is **Xavier Prou**. He was one of the first graffiti artists in Paris, and has been described as the "Father of stencil graffiti".

Xavier Prou was born on 15 November 1951 in Boulogne-Billancourt in the western suburbs of Paris.

## Early career and influence
Blek began his artwork in 1981, painting stencils of rats on the walls of Parisian streets. He described the rat as "the only free animal in the city", and one which "spreads the plague everywhere, just like street art". His name comes from the comic book *Blek le Roc*, using "rat" as an anagram for "art".

Blek Le Rat 2007.jpg|Blek le Rat in Los Angeles
Blek le Rat - Subliminal Projects (27).jpg|A parody of war
Blek Subliminal Projects (16).jpg|A cop shooting a gun
Blek le Rat - "Violinist".jpg|Aviolinist
Blek le Rat - Last Tango in Paris.jpg|A couple dancing theTango
Blek le Rat at Art Basel Miami Beach.jpg| a wall presentation in a gallery
Blek le Rat - Subliminal Projects (24).jpg|A man dress as a computer
Blek le Rat - "Mona Lisa".jpg|The Mona Lisa

## Related pages
*Banksy

## References
Murray Gell-Mann

**Murray Gell-Mann** (September 15, 1929 – May 24, 2019) was an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. He was the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California.

Gell-Mann has also worked at CERN, as a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow in 1972.

## Works
He was known for his study of particle physics, the smallest parts that make up the universe. These small particles behaved in ways that did not appear to follow the known laws of physics, and Gell-Mann came up with the idea of giving them a strangeness number which could allow them to be compared and put into categories. He also came up with idea that parts of an atom, the proton ad the neutron were made up of even smaller particles. He called the quarks, a nonsense work from James Joyce's book, ''Finnigan's Wake''.

Gell-Mann then developed the idea that quarks were held together inside the nucleus by a force he called "color", and this force could be given a quantum number. Gell-Mann supported Barack Obama for the United States presidency in October 2008.

Gell-Mann died on May 24, 2019 at his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Gell-Mann's Home Page at SFI 
** "Beauty, truth and ... physics?" (TED2007)
** "The ancestor of language" (TED2007)
* Murray Gell-Mann Video Interview with the Academy of Achievement in 1990
* Murray Gell-Mann talks quarks (Video)
* Membership at the Council on Foreign Relations