open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Robert Guiscard

**Robert Guiscard** (Hauteville-la-Guichard, France, 1015 - Kefalonia, Greece, July 15, 1085), was a Norman adventurer. 

## Biography 
Robert de Hauteville, dubbed "Guiscard", was born at Hauteville, near Coutances (Normandy). He was the sixth son of Tancred of Hauteville and eldest by his second wife Fressenda (or Fredesenda), daughter of Duke Richard I of Normandy. 

Like many other impoverished Norman knights (Rainulf Drengot, William Ironarm, and more), Robert de Hauteville went to Italy, arriving there about 1046. After serving in the forces of the prince lombard of Capua, Pandulf, he organized an army to secure possessions for himself in Calabria. In 1053, when the Pope Leo IX attempted to expel the Normans from the South Italy, Robert Guiscard played an important role in defeating the papal forces at Civitate, near the modern city of San Severo (Province of Foggia). 
 of **Robert Guiscard**.]]
After the death in 1057 of his older brother Humphrey, count of Apulia, Guiscard became leader of the Normans in Italy. The pope, seeking independence from the Holy Roman Empire, decided to enlist the Normans as allies. In 1059 the French Pope Nicholas II created Robert "by the Grace of God and Saint Peter, duke of Apulia and Calabria and, with their help, hereafter of Sicily" (*Robertus Guiscardus, Normannus Dux Apuliae, Calabriae et Siciliae*). In return, Robert acknowledged the pope as his feudal overlord. Sicily was in Muslim hands at the time and so Robert and his brother Roger Bosso embarked on a series of campaigns, capturing Messina in 1061 and Palermo in 1072. 

Turning his attention to the Balkans in 1081, Guiscard gained a great victory over the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus at Durazzo (Albania). In Greece, his campaigns at Macedonia and Thessalia were being carried on, meanwhile, by his son Bohamund. Robert was recalled from his victorious campaigns in 1084 to go to the aid of Pope Gregory VII, who was besieged in the castle of Sant'Angelo by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. Robert drove Henry from Rome, and reduced one-third of the city to ashes. Because of the unpopularity of Gregory VII in Rome, he took the pope to Monte Cassino. Robert then went to the support of Bohamund in the Greek campaign but died of fever at Kefalonia a few weeks later (July 1085). He was buried in the Hauteville family mausoleum of the Trinity Abbey (SS. Trinità) at Venosa. The town of Fiscardo on Kefalonia is named after him.

## Sources 
* Geoffrey Malaterra, *The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of Duke Robert Guiscard his brother*, Books One , Two , Three , Four .
* William of Apulia, *The Deeds of Robert Guiscard* Books One , Two , Three, Four, Five (Word Documents).
* Ferdinand Chalandon, *Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile*, Paris, 1907.
* John Julius Norwich, *The Normans in the South (1016-1130)*, Longmans : London, 1967.

## Other websites 
*Foundation for Medieval Genealogy on Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia
The Book of the Law

***The Book of the Law*** is the central sacred text of Thelema, written by Aleister Crowley in Cairo, Egypt in the year 1904. Its full title is *Liber AL vel Legis, sub figura CCXX, as delivered by XCIII=418 to DCLXVI*, and it is commonly referred to as **Liber AL vel Legis** or just *Liber Al*. It contains three chapters, each of which was written down in one hour, beginning at noon, on April 8, April 9, and April 10.

## Notes 
## References 
* 

## Other websites 
* OTO-USA scans of the Manuscript version of *The Book of the Law*
* The Old and New Commentaries to Liber AL
John Nance Garner

**John Nance Garner IV** nicknamed **"Cactus Jack"** (November 22, 1868 – November 7, 1967) was the 44th speaker of the United States House of Representatives (1931-1933) and the 32nd Vice President of the United States (1933-1941). Garner once described the Vice-Presidency as being "not worth a bucket of warm piss," the last word of which is often sanitized to "spit." Also, he lived to be 98 years and 350 days old, which made him the longest-lived former vice president. 

## Life 
Garner was born near the village of Detroit, Red River County, in East Texas, on November 22, 1868. His parents were John Nance Garner III and his wife, the former Sarah Jane Guest.

Garner studied at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, for one semester before he dropped out and returned home. He was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He eventually studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1890, and began practice in Uvalde, Uvalde County, Texas.

During his vice presidency, Garner privately opposed President Franklin Roosevelt's support of the New Deal and World War II.

On the morning of Garner's 95th birthday on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy called to wish the former vice president a happy birthday, just hours before his assassination in Dallas.

## Death
Garner died on November 7, 1967 in Uvalde, Texas from a heart attack, at the age of 98 years and 350 days, just 15 days before what would have been his 99th birthday. Since 1964, John Garner is the longest-lived vice president of the United States in the history, a record which was previously held by Benjamin Harrison's vice president, Levi P. Morton (who died in 1920, on his 96th birthday). He is interred in Uvalde Cemetery.

## References
## Other websites
Thomas A. Hendricks

**Thomas Andrews Hendricks** (September 7, 1819 – November 25, 1885) After his death, Congress changed the order of succession for the presidency by removing the leaders of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

## References
Ordo Templi Orientis

**Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.)** (*Order of the Temple of the East*, or the *Order of Oriental Templars*) is an international fraternal and religious organization founded at the beginning of the 20th century. Originally it was intended to be modelled after and associated with Freemasonry, but under the leadership of Aleister Crowley was reorganized based on the Law of Thelema as its central religious principle along with *The Book of the Law*. Similar to many secret societies, O.T.O. membership is based on an initiatory system with a series of degree ceremonies that use ritual drama to establish fraternal bonds and impart spiritual and philosophical teachings.

O.T.O. also includes the Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica (EGC) or Gnostic Catholic Church, which is the ecclesiastical arm of the Order. Its central rite, which is public, is the Gnostic Mass.

## Notes 
## Other websites 
### O.T.O. 
* U.S. Grand Lodge, O.T.O.
* U.K. Grand Lodge, O.T.O.
* Australia Grand Lodge, O.T.O.
* The Canadian O.T.O. 
* The Norwegian O.T.O
* The German O.T.O
* The Swedish O.T.O

### Other organizations 
* The Typhonian O.T.O.
* Societas O.T.O. 
* O.T.O Foundation
Luther Bible

The **Luther Bible** is a German Bible translation by Martin Luther, first printed with both testaments in 1534. 

Its list of scripture was missing the Deuterocanonical books and has added alone to Romans 3:28. 

## References
Hubert Humphrey

**Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr.** (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States from 1965 to 1969 under President Lyndon B. Johnson. Before becoming vice president, he was a U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and again from 1971 to 1978.

## Early life
Humphrey was born in a room over his father's drugstore in Wallace, South Dakota. He was the son of Ragnild Kristine Sannes (1883–1973), a Norwegian immigrant, and Hubert Humphrey, Sr. (1882–1949). Humphrey spent most of his childhood in Doland, South Dakota, on the prairie; the town's population was about 600 when he lived there. His father was a licensed pharmacist who was mayor and a town council member. In the late 1920s a severe economic decline hit Doland; both of the town's banks closed and Humphrey's father fought to keep his drugstore business open.

After his son graduated from Doland's high school, Hubert Humphrey, Sr. left Doland and opened a new drugstore in the larger town of Huron, South Dakota, with a population of 11,000 people, where he hoped to improve his fortunes. Because of the family's financial struggles, Humphrey had to leave the University of Minnesota after just one year. He earned a pharmacist's license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in Denver, Colorado, by completing a two-year licensure program in just six months, and he spent years from 1931 to 1937 helping his father run the family drugstore. Over time, the Humphrey Drug Company became a financial gain business, and the family again succeeded.

Humphrey did not enjoy working as a pharmacist, and his dream was to earn a doctorate in political science and become a college professor. In 1937 he returned to the University of Minnesota and earned a bachelor's degree in 1939. He was a member of Phi Delta Chi fraternity. He also earned a master's degree from Louisiana State University in 1940 and served as an assistant instructor of political science. One of his classmates was Russell B. Long, who would become a U.S. Senator from Louisiana. He then became an instructor and doctoral student at the University of Minnesota from 1940 to 1941, where he joined joining the American Federation of Teachers, and he was a supervisor for the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Humphrey soon became active in Minneapolis politics and so he never finished his PhD.

## Political career
Humphrey was a United States Senator from Minnesota twice and was the Democratic Party's Majority Whip. He was a founder of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party and of the Americans for Democratic Action. He was also the mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from 1945 to 1949.

### 1968 election
Humphrey began his campaign for president after  Lyndon B. Johnson ended his re-election campaign in March 1968. A few months later, Humphrey was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the that year's presidential election but narrowly lost to the Republican Party's nominee, Richard Nixon.

## Death
Hubert Humphrey died of bladder cancer in Waverly, Minnesota, at the age of 66.

## References
Wycliffe's Bible

'''Wycliffe's Bible''' is the name now given to a group of Bible translations into Middle English, that were made under the guidance of John Wycliffe.  They appeared over a period from about 1382 to 1395. Although unauthorized, the work was popular.  Wycliffite Bible texts are the most common manuscript literature in Middle English.  More than 250 manuscripts of the Wycliffite Bible survive.

These Bible translations were the chief inspiration and chief cause of the Lollard movement, a pre-Reformation movement that rejected many of the distinctive teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Catholic Church started a campaign to suppress it, Due to its many mistakes  and changes. In the early 15th century, Henry IV, Archbishop Thomas Arundel, and Henry Knighton put into law some of the severest religious censorship laws in Europe at that time. Manuscripts of the Wycliffe Bible, if inscribed with a date before 1409 (the date of the ban) circulated freely and were widely used by clergy and laity.

Wycliffe's Bible was edited later in stages to bring it closer to spoken English of the day. His translation followed the Latin word order very closely, which is different from English word order:

:Latin Vulgate: **Dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux**
:Early Wycliffe: **And God seide, Be maad liȝt; and maad is liȝt**
:Later Wycliffe: **And God seide, Liȝt be maad; and liȝt was maad**
:Douay-Reims (1609): **And God said: Be light made. And light was made**

Wyclif's Bible was followed later by William Tyndale, who translated the Bible into a more modern form of English, and used Greek manuscript sources for the first time. He was pursued for many years by Thomas More, whose agents finally caught him near Brussels in 1535. He was arrested, tried, convicted and executed by garrotte. He was executed by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V on behalf of the King of England. His body was burnt at the stake.

## Related pages 
*John Wycliffe
*Tyndale Bible

## References 
## Other websites 
*Studylight version of The Wycliffe Bible (1395) Searchable by phrase or chapter/verse reference.
Jens Jeremies

**Jens Jeremies** (born 5 March 1974) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
:Source:

*1.Includes 2001 Intercontinental Cup.

### International goals
:''Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first.*

## Honours
### Club
**Bayern Munich**
*Bundesliga: 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06
*DFB-Pokal: 1999–2000, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06; Runner-up 1998–99
*DFB-Ligapokal: 1998, 2004
*UEFA Champions League: 2000–01; Runner-up 1998–99

### International
**Germany**
*FIFA World Cup: Runner-up 2002

### Individual
**kicker'' Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1995–96, 1997–98, 1998–99

## References
A∴A∴

The **A∴A∴** (Latin: *Argenteum Astrum* or Greek: *Άστρον Αργόν*, *"Astron Argon"*, both literally; "Silver star", alternately, Latin: *Arcanum Arcanorum*, is a magical order created by Aleister Crowley in 1907 after leaving the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. It is a Thelemic magical fraternity in which the holy book of the order is *The Book of the Law*. Its motto is: "The method of science, the aim of religion." While the A∴A∴ was not part of Ordo Templi Orientis, the O.T.O. did consider the A∴A∴ to be a close ally.

Various lineages of the A∴A∴ survive today that can be traced back to the founders Aleister Crowley and George Cecil Jones.

## References
## Sources
* Crowley, Aleister (1990). "An Account of A∴A∴" in *The Equinox* (Vol. I, No. 1). York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser.
* Wasserman, James (2004). "Introduction" in *Aleister Crowley and the Practice of the Magical Diary.* York Beach, ME: Redwheel/Weiser

### Lineage links
* Crowley via Grady McMurtry lineage: Clerk Houses of Grady Louis McMurtry's A.'.A.'. Lineage 
* Crowley via Jane Wolfe lineage: The Order A.'.A.'. 
* Motta via Frater Adjuvo lineage: ASTRVM ARGENTVM
* Motta via David Bersson lineage: Castletower.org
* Motta via Ray Eales lineage: AATHELEMA
* A lineage noted by the OTO: outercol.org
Ferenc Puskás

**Ferenc Puskás** (2 April 1927 – 17 November 2006) was a Hungarian football striker, regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time. He played for Hungary national team and Spain national team. He died of pneumonia at the age of 79.

There is an award named after him. The award is called the FIFA Puskás Award. It is awarded to the player who scored the best goal in each year.

## Career statistics
### Club
Source:

### International
**Appearances and goals by national team and year**

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Player
**Budapest Honvéd**
* Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 1949–50, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955

**Real Madrid**
* La Liga: 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65
* Copa del Generalísimo: 1961–62
* European Cup: 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66
* Intercontinental Cup: 1960

**Hungary**
* Summer Olympics: 1952
* Central European International Cup: 1948–53; runner-up: 1955–60
* Balkan Cup: 1947
* FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1954

**Individual**
* Ballon d'Or Silver Award: 1960
* Hungarian Football Federation Player of the Year: 1950
* Central European International Cup top scorer: 1948-53
* Hungarian top scorer: 1947–48, 1949–50, 1950, 1953
* Spanish League top scorer (Pichichi Trophy): 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1963–64
* European Cup top scorer : 1959–60, 1963–64
* Golden Boot of the World: 1948
* World Soccer World XI: 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963
* 1954 FIFA World Cup: Golden Ball
* 1954 FIFA World Cup: All-Star Team
* European Player of the 20th century – L'Equipe
* Hungarian Player of the 20th century – IFFHS
* Football's Top Scorer of the 20th century – IFFHS
* Member of the FIFA 100
*UEFA Golden Player: Greatest Hungarian Footballer of the last 50 Years
* Inaugural Inductee into Goal Hall of Fame 2014
* Top 10 Greatest Players of the 20th century (#7) – World Soccer Magazine
* Top 10 World's Best Players of the 20th century (#6) – IFFHS
* IFFHS Legends
* IFFHS Men Team of the Century (1901–2000)

### Manager
**Panathinaikos**
* Alpha Ethniki: 1971–72
* European Cup runner-up: 1970–71
* Intercontinental Cup runner–up: 1971
* Football Cup of Greater Greece: 1970

**Sol de América**
* Paraguayan Primera División: 1986

**South Melbourne Hellas**
* National Soccer League: 1990–91
* NSL Cup: 1989–90
* NSL League Cup: 1990
* Dockerty Cup: 1989, 1991

## Notes
## References
Hidetoshi Nakata

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Nakata was born in Kofu on January 22, 1977. After graduating from Nirasaki High School, he joined J1 League club Bellmare Hiratsuka in 1995. He moved to Italian Serie A club Perugia. In January 2000, he moved to Roma. The club won the championship in the 2000–01 Serie A season. In summer 2001, he moved to Parma. From 2004, he played for Bologna, Fiorentina and English Premier League club Bolton Wanderers. He retired end of the 2005–06 season.

Nakata was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 1996 Summer Olympics. In first match against Brazil and Japan won Brazil (1-0). It was known as "Miracle of Miami" (マイアミの奇跡) in Japan. On May 21, 1997, he debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea. After the debut, he became a regular player soon. In 1998, he was selected the Japan at 1998 World Cup and played all 3 matches. In 2000, he was selected U-23 Japan for 2000 Summer Olympics. He also played at 2002 and 2006 World Cup. He played 77 games and scored 11 goals for Japan until 2006.

## Statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="4"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="4"|J1 League||26||8||2||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||9
|-
|1996||26||2||3||0||12||2||colspan="2"|-||41||4
|-
|1997||21||3||3||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||30||4
|-
|1998||12||3||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||3

|-
|1998–99||rowspan="2"|Perugia||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||10||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||10
|-
|1999–00||15||2||4||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||19||3
|-
|1999–00||rowspan="2"|Roma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||15||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||3
|-
|2000–01||15||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||1||22||3
|-
|2001–02||rowspan="3"|Parma||rowspan="3"|Serie A||24||1||6||2||colspan="2"|-||8||1||38||4
|-
|2002–03||31||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0||37||4
|-
|2003–04||12||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||1||18||1
|-
|2003–04||Bologna||Serie A||17||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2004–05||Fiorentina||Serie A||20||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||0

|-
|2005–06||Bolton Wanderers||Premier League||21||1||3||0||2||0||6||0||32||1
85||16||8||1||18||3||colspan="2"|-||111||20
182||24||18||3||colspan="2"|-||23||3||223||30
21||1||3||0||2||0||6||0||26||1
288||41||29||4||20||3||29||3||366||51
|}

|-
|1997||16||5
|-
|1998||10||1
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||4||0
|-
|2001||7||1
|-
|2002||8||2
|-
|2003||11||1
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||10||0
|-
|2006||6||1
|-
!Total||77||11
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
Relient K

**Relient K** is an American band from Ohio. Their music has been considered Pop punk and Christian rock. They have released five studio albums and several EPs. Their album "The Bird and the Bee Sides" was released in July 2 2008.

There has been criticism about whether the band are in the Christian music genre. Not all the songs mention God or focus on Christian faith. Matt Thiessen has said "we really don't care, you can call us rock 'n roll or Christian rock or whatever, and we can tour with this band or that band, but at the end of the day, we're doing what we want, and writing from our hearts".

## Formation and other information 
Relient K formed as a four member band back in 1998. At the time they were still attending high school. The members have changed a little since then, but the two Matthews are still there.

The song "Hoopes I did It Again", from their third album, may remind one of Britney Spears, but it's referring to Matt Hoopes' last name. In the song, during the first verse, the two Matts sing back to each other as if in a phone conversation.

For their fourth album, titled "Mmhmm", they added instruments like a banjo and another guitar player, because they wanted more piano in their music, and the addition of another guitar player made this possible for Matt. It can be pronounced different ways, and can also be written as "MMHMM" or "MmHmm".

## Sense of humor 
Relient K is known for their brand of tongue-in cheek humor. Tongue-in-cheek meaning when words are said only half seriously. They used this in many of their earlier songs such as "Marilyn Manson Ate My Girlfriend" "Nancy Drew" (a song about the fictional character) and "May the Horse Be With You" (which clearly plays on the popular Star Wars phrase).

Their second album was indeed titled "The Anatomy of the Tongue in Cheek" although you could argue the third album used more humor.

## Albums 
# Relient K - 2000
# The Anatomy of Tongue in Cheek - 2001
# Two Lefts Don't Make a Right, but Three Do - 2003
# Mmhmm - 2004
# Five Score and Seven Years Ago - 2007
# The Bird and the Bee Sides - 2008
# Forget and Not Slow Down - 2009

## EP 
# 2000 A.DD - 2000
# The Creepy EP - 2001
# Employee of the Month - 2002
# Apathetic EP - 2005

## Other albums 
# The Bird and the Bee Sides - 2008
Hieronymus Bosch

**Hieronymus Bosch**, (born Jeroen Anthonissen van Aken, c. 1450 – 9 August 1516) was an early Dutch painter. He lived, worked and died in 's-Hertogenbosch, a Dutch town. This was then the capital of the Duchy of Brabant, a region which included much of modern Belgium and Holland.

Many of his works depict , sin and punishment in hell. The paintings have a dreamlike  quality, with sexual and sadistic images. The intent was probably serious, to warn of the punishment which awaited sinners in hell.

The paintings often look like, and certainly did influence, the modern art movement known as surrealism. Bosch used images of demons, half-human animals and machines, to evoke fear and confusion, and to portray the evil of man. His works contain complex, highly original, imaginative, and dense use of symbolic figures and iconography, some of which was obscure even in his own time.

Today only 25 paintings are known to be by him; Philip II of Spain collected some of the best, which are now in the Prado Museum, Madrid.

File:Bosch-signature.svg
File:Ecce homo by Hieronymus Bosch.jpg|*Ecce homo*
File:Hieronymus Bosch 053.jpg|*The Stone Cutting*, or *The cure of folly*
File:Jheronimus Bosch 001 interior 02.jpg|*The Temptation of Saint Anthony*
File:Hieronymus Bosch 003.jpg|Detail of *The Temptation of St Anthony*
Bush (band)

**Bush** were a British post-grunge band, formed in London in 1992. Their debut album was the self-released *Sixteen Stone* in 1994. They have sold well over 10 million records in the United States. The band, while hugely successful in the United States, was less well known in their native UK and enjoyed only marginal success there.

## Discography
Scarborough railway station

**Scarborough railway station** is a railway station in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England. It opened in 1845. It is one of the eastern termini (end stations) of the North TransPennine route operated by First TransPennine Express. It is also at the northern end of the Yorkshire Coast Line. It has the longest station seat in the world,  in length.

Until 1950 it served a line to Pickering. Until 1965 it served a line from Whitby.

## Services 
From Monday to Saturdays there is normally an hourly First TransPennine Express service to York, Leeds, Manchester Piccadilly and Liverpool Lime Street. There is a two-hourly service to Bridlington and Hull on the Yorkshire Coast Line.

On Sundays there is a two-hourly service to York and beyond. There is also a summer only two-hourly service to Hull.

 Desiro DMUs (from Liverpool Lime Street) and a Class 222 Meridian DEMU (from London St Pancras International stand at Platforms 3-5.]]

## Other websites 
* 
* The Flying Scotsman arriving in Scarborough - Webshots.com
Economy of Pakistan

**Pakistan** is a nation with a diverse economy that include textiles, chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries. It is the 25th largest economy in the world.

## Other websites
*
National Stock Exchange of Pakistan

The **Karachi Stock Exchange** or **KSE** (founded 1947) is a stock exchange in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's largest and oldest stock exchange and also South Asia's second oldest stock exchange.

## References
Alexandra

**Alexandra** can refer to

*Kassandra of Greek mythology

## As a first name
*Alexandra Fyodorovna
*Alexandra Dahlström, actress

## As a last name
*Lene Alexandra, singer

## Other
*Alexandra, New Zealand, a town on the South Island of New Zealand
*54 Alexandra is an asteroid
*Crewe Alexandra F.C., a football team
Chris Brown (album)

***Chris Brown*** is the self-titled debut album by American R&B recording artist Chris Brown. It was released on November 29, 2005 by Jive Records. The album also earned Brown his first two Grammy nominations for Best New Artist and Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 52nd Grammy Awards in 2006. The album is mainly a hip hop and R&B album.

## Track listing 
* (*) Denotes co-producer.
* (^) Denotes additional producer.

;Samples credits
* "Run It!" contains a portion of the composition from "I Know What Boys Like" as performed by The Waitresses, and written by Christopher Butler.
* "Young Love" samples "Sideshow" as performed by Blue Magic, and written by Bobby Eli and Vinny Barrett.
* "Ain't No Way (You Won't Love Me)" contains a portion of the composition from "Song of the Dragon & Phoenix" written by Zhang Fuquan.
* "Run It! Remix" samples "Jam-Master Jay" as performed by Run-DMC, and written by Darryl McDaniels, Jason Mizell, Joseph Simmons, Larry Smith, Russell Simmons.

## Promotion
Through the winter, Brown joined the Scream V Encore Tour, featuring Ciara, Bow Wow, Omarion and Marques Houston, as a supporting act. Later, he headlined the Xbox 360 Presents: Chris Brown Tour, supported by T-Pain.

## Charts
## Certifications
## Personnel
* Executive producers: Chris Brown, Tina Davis, Mark Pitts
* Art direction: Courtney Walter
* A&R: Leticia Hilliard, Matt Schwartz
* Assistant engineers: Val Brathwrite, Vadim Chislov, Anthony G. Crisano, Patrick Magee, Lucas McClelland, Tadd Mingo, Aaron Renner
* Bass: David Cabrerra
* Design: Courtney Walter
* Engineers: Wayne Allison, Vincent Dilorenzo, Conrad Golding, John Horesco IV, Eddie Hustle, Charles McCrorey, Oak, Keith Sengbusch, Sam Thomas
* Guitar: Val Brathwrite, Aaron Fishbein

* Keyboards: Kendrick Dean
* Mastering: Herb Powers
* Mixing: Kevin "KD" Davis, Vincent Dilorenzo, Jermaine Dupri, Jean-Marie Horvat, Eddie Hustle, Rich Keller, Phil Tan, The Underdogs
* Mixing assistant: Val Brathwrite, Steve Tolle, Mike Tschupp
* Multi instruments: Bryan-Michael Cox, Vidal Davis, Kendrick Dean, Andre Harris
* Photography: Clay Patrick McBridge
* Remix producer: Jermaine Dupri, L-Rock
* Vocals (background): Steve Russell
* Vocal producer: Lamont "LA" Flemming, Shannon "Slam" Lawrence
* Vocal recording: Charles McCrorey
* Vocal tracking: Ian Crosse

## References
Flora and fauna of Pakistan

## Current condition 
Vast Indus plains have had vegetation taken away to grow crops. Very little wildlife lives there and only animals like the jackal, mongoose, jungle cat, civet cat, scaly anteater, desert cat and the wild hare live in these areas.

Parts of Thal desert and Cholistan desert are now being irrigated. The Chinkara is the only animal living there now. The blackbuck, who lived there once in big numbers, is now extinct. However, efforts are being made to reintroduce them back into the country.

Irrigated forest plantations are now being made. These give very good conditions for chinkara, hog deer and blue bull to live in.

The striped hyena and the wolf are found almost everywhere in the country. However, little is known about the black bear and brown bear populations.

Birds of prey like the peregrine, cherrug or saker falcons, tawny eagle, imperial and greater spotted eagles, osprey, awesome
shikra, and the black-winged kite live throughout Pakistan but their population statuses are unknown.

## Other websites
*World Wildlife Foundation Pakistan on YouTube
Crucifixion of Jesus

]]

The **crucifixion of Jesus** is an event recorded in all four Gospels in the Bible. The crucifixion happens after Jesus' arrest at Gethsemane and trial before Pontius Pilate. It includes his scourging, crucifixion on the cross, and burial. In Christian theology, the death of Jesus by crucifixion is a major event. (See salvation).

Christians believe that Jesus was God in human form. They believe that after he died on the Cross on Friday, he went down to Hell to free the souls of the people who had died before Jesus' coming. On Sunday, Christians believe that Jesus came back to life and left the tomb where he was buried. This is called the *resurrection*. 

The crucifixion is, according to the Bible, necessary to Christianity. Christians believe that Jesus suffered very much on the cross as a way of paying for, or suffering the punishment for all of mankind's sins (bad actions, thoughts, and deeds). By taking on all of this suffering, mankind was freed from the punishment that God should have given to man (because of man's weakness and bad choices in life).

The crucifixion itself is a very sad event as Jesus had to suffer horribly. His friends and his own mother had to see it. However, Christians believe this was necessary for him to come back to life and to show that death had no power over him. Through the crucifixion, Christians believe that God has set us free and shown to the world that Jesus is God and that life is forever. According to the Bible, Jesus sacrificed himself for all of mankind not only to show his love but also to pay the penalty of our sin, restore our relationship with God, and to destroy the power of death and the grave.

A *passion play* is a play that tells this story of Jesus' trial and then his crucifixion. A recent version, *The Passion of the Christ*, was produced and released by Mel Gibson.
Jim Ross

**James William "Jim" Ross** (born January 3, 1951) is an American professional wrestling commentator. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is also known by his nicknames '''Good Ol' J.R.** or simply **J.R.'''. Ross is a restaurateur, former professional wrestling commentator and former company executive. He is most well known for working for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) as a play-by-play commentator. He was born in Fort Bragg, California.

## Personal life
Ross has Bell's palsy. In October 2021, Ross tweeted that he was diagnosed with skin cancer. Two months later, Ross tweeted that he was cancer free.

## References
King of the Ring

**King of the Ring** is a professional wrestling single-elimination tournament held by World Wrestling Entertainment. The tournament was held annually from 1985 to 2002 (except for 1992), and from 1993 until 2002, the tournament was produced as a pay-per-view event.
Mary J. Blige

**Mary Jane Blige** (born January 11, 1971) is an American singer, songwriter, model and actress. She is often referred to as *The Queen of Hip Hop Soul*, due to her music mainly being R&B mixed with hip hop and soul. She has released 11 studio albums, 82 singles, and 8 other albums.

## Music career 
In 1988, Blige recorded an cover of Anita Baker's "Caught Up in the Rapture" at a recording booth in a local mall. Her mother's boyfriend at the time  played the cassette for Jeff Redd, a recording artist and A&R runner for Uptown Records. Redd then sent it to the president and CEO of the label, Andre Harrell.  Harrell met with Blige and, in 1989, she joined the label, becoming the company's youngest and first female artist. 

Production for Blige's first album, *Whats the 411?*, began in 1991. Sean "Puffy" Combs (at the time a beginning A&R executive at Uptown) organised the project. Also enlisted were some of the top R&B and hip hop producers of the time, among them are Tony Dofat, Mark Morales and Cory Rooney, Dave "Jam" Hall, and DeVante Swing.

In 2014, Blige toured with R. Kelly called  "The King and Queen Tour".

## Personal life 
Blige is a Democrat.

## Filmography
### Movie
### Television
## References
Dancing Beijing

**Dancing Beijing** is the name of the symbol of the 2008 Summer Olympics, in Beijing in China. It was shown in August 2003 in a ceremony attended by 2,008 people in Beijing.

## Description 
The symbol draws on Chinese culture, showing a red Chinese seal above the words "Beijing 2008" and the Olympic rings. The seal is written with a calligraphic rendition of the Chinese character 京 (*jīng*, meaning 'capital', from the name of the host city) in the form of a dancing figure. There was only one picture among the 1,985 entries givin by designers from China and others. Other entries included a lot Great Walls, pandas and dragons. Other designers include Chang Wu (張武).

## References
Resurrection of Jesus

, 1778.]]
In the New Testament, Jesus is crucified, dies, is buried within a tomb, and resurrected (came back to life) three days later. Christians celebrate the resurrection at Easter. Easter and Christmas are the most important Christian holidays.

Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God. This is stated in all 4 Gospels. They believe that the best proof of this is that He came back to life after His death. In Christian theology, the death, resurrection, and return to heaven of Jesus are the most important events of the Christian faith. The Nicene Creed states: “On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures”. According to Terry Miethe, a Christian philosopher at Oxford University, the question “&thinsp;‘Did Jesus rise from the dead?’ is the most important question regarding the claims of the Christian faith.” According to John R. Rice, a Baptist evangelist, the resurrection of Jesus was part of Godʼs plan for forgiving people by paying the penalty for manʼs sin. The Catholic church teaches: 

Compared to other ancient stories of men or gods being resurrected from the dead, the historical evidence for the resurrection of Jesus is extensive and strong.

## Testaments 
All of these New Testament writers tell about the resurrection.  

*Gospel of Matthew Chapters 27-28
*Gospel of Mark Chapter 16
*Gospel of Luke Chapter 24
*Gospel of John Chapters 20-21
* In all of the Gospels, Jesus says that He will die and rise again.
*Acts of the Apostles Chapter 1 and others
*Paulʼs letters in many places
* Writer to the Hebrews Chapter 13, verse 20
*Saint Peter 1st Peter, Chapter 1, verse 3
* Both Jesus and the Apostles said that the Old Testament told about the Messiah (Christ) rising from the dead.

## Importance
* It is the event that led to the beginning of Christianity. Matthewʼs Gospel (Chapter 28) says that after His resurrection Jesus told His followers to take His message to the whole world. Within 50 years, Christians were found in many parts of the Roman Empire. 

* Jesus is alive, and He is able to give power to His followers to live a godly life. The Apostle Paul taught that the believer took part in the death and resurrection of Jesus. He said, “I have been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh [body] I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.” Epistle to the Galatians Chapter 2, verse 20, ESV

* The Apostle Paul also says that the resurrection is proof that God has accepted the death of Jesus to allow for the forgiveness of sins. (1st Corinthians, chapter 15, verse 17)  He also says that it proves that God will allow Jesus to judge the world in a future time. (Acts, chapter 17, verse 31)

* Christians believe that the resurrection shows that all their dead will also come back to life when Jesus returns''. They believe that the bodily resurrection is the coming back to life of a transformed body powered by spirit, as described by Paul and the Gospels.

## References
; Printed sources

* , 2nd ed. 2007* 
* 
* * 
*
Lactobacillus

***Lactobacillus*** is a genus of bacteria. Most *Lactobacillus* species are non-spore-forming and ferment glucose into lactose. This genus also contains several bacteria that make up part of the natural flora of the human vagina.
They are really helpful in the gut. It is a rod-shaped non-spore forming bacteria. It can be found in foods like yogurt.
Waterford F.C.

**Waterford United F.C.** is a football club which plays in Republic of Ireland.

## Name change 
* 1930 - 1982: Waterford F.C.
* 1982 - : Waterford United F.C.

## Notable players 
* Bobby Charlton
Montpellier HSC

**Montpellier H.S.C.** is a football club which plays in France.

## Name
*1919-1927 **Stade Olympique de Montpellier**
*1927-1937 **Sports Olympiques Montpellierains**
*1937-1970 **Stade Olympique de Montpellier**
*1970-1974 **Montpellier-Littoral FC**
*1974-1989 **Montpellier La Paillade SC**
*1989-present **Montpellier Hérault Sport Club**
AS Monaco F.C.

**A.S. Monaco F.C.** is a football club which plays in Monaco. It plays in the French football league system, and currently plays in the Ligue 1.

## League titles 
* Ligue 1 : 8
** 1960/61, 1962/63, 1977/78, 1981/82, 1987/88, 1996/97, 1999/00, 2016/17
* Ligue 2 : 1
** 2012/13

## Coupe de France
* 1960, 1963, 1980, 1985, 1991

## Coupe de la Ligue
* 2003

## League position 
### Former position
Olympique de Marseille

**Olympique de Marseille** (Occitan: *Olimpic de Marselha*) is a football club from France. The club competes in Ligue 1. It was founded in 1899. Its home stadium is Stade Vélodrome in Marseille.

Olympique de Marseille has won the Ligue 1 9 times, the French Cup 10 times and 2 League Cups. It has also won the UEFA Champions League in 1993.

## Title
*Ligue 1 : 9
**1936/37, 1947/48, 1970/71, 1971/72, 1988/89, 1989/90, 1990/91, 1991/92, 2009/10
*Ligue 2 : 1
**1994/95
*UEFA Champions League : 1
**1993
*UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1
**2005
*French Cup : 10
**1924, 1926, 1927, 1935, 1938, 1943, 1969, 1972, 1976, 1989
*French League Cup : 2
**2010, 2011
*French Supercup : 2
**1971, 2010

## League position
### Former position
John Arne Riise

**John Arne Semundseth Riise** (born 24 September 1980) is a Norwegian professional footballer and coach who plays as a left back and a left midfielder and serves as a player-manager of Toppserien club Avaldsnes.

As of the 2020s, he has the record for most games played for the national team.

Family life: He married (2014) Louise Angelica Riise, in a church in Oslo. He has been married three times, and he divorced in 2021.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Norway's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Riise goal.''

## Honours
**Monaco**

**Liverpool** runner-up 2004–05
* FA Community Shield: 2001, 2006
* UEFA Champions League: 2004–05; runner-up 2006–07
* UEFA Super Cup: 2001, 2005
* FIFA Club World Championship runner-up: 2005

**APOEL**
* Cypriot First Division: 2014–15
* Cypriot Cup: 2014–15

**Individual**
* Kniksen of the Year: 2006

## References
John Layfield

**John Charles Layfield** (born November 29, 1966), better known by the ring names **Bradshaw** and **John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL)**,

## Championships and accomplishments 
]]

### College football 
* **Abilene Christian University**
** 1989 NCAA Division II All–American

### Professional wrestling 
* **Catch Wrestling Association**
** CWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time)&nbsp;– with Cannonball Grizzly
* **Cauliflower Alley Club**
** Iron Mike Mazurki Award (2022)
***Federacion Internacional de Lucha Libre**
**FILL Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
** Lou Thesz Award (2012)
* **Global Wrestling Federation**
** GWF Tag Team Championship (2 times)&nbsp;– with Bobby Duncum Jr. (1) and Black Bart (1)
* **Memphis Championship Wrestling**
** MCW Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time)&nbsp;– with Faarooq
* **NWA Dallas**
** NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
** OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time)&nbsp;– with Ron Simmons
* ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
** Ranked No. 5 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the *PWI 500* in 2005
** Ranked No. 496 of the best 500 singles wrestlers of all time in the *PWI Years* in 2003
* **United States Wrestling Federation**
** USWF Tag Team Championship (1 time)&nbsp;– with The Equalizer
* **World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE**
**WWE Championship (1 time)
** WWE Intercontinental Championship (1 time)
** WWE United States Championship (1 time)
** WWE Hardcore Championship (17 times)
** WWF European Championship (1 time)
** WWF Tag Team Championship (3 times)&nbsp;– with Faarooq
** WWE Championship #1 Contender's Tournament (April 2005)
** Race To The Rumble Tournament (2009)
** Slammy Award (1 time)
***Favorite Web Show of the Year (2013)&nbsp;– with Michael Cole and Renee Young for *The JBL and Cole Show*
** 20th Triple Crown Champion
** 10th Grand Slam Champion
**WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2020)
* ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
** Best Gimmick (2004)
** Worst Television Announcer (2014, 2015)
** Worst Worked Match of the Year (2002) 
** Most Disgusting Promotional Tactic (2014) 

## Other websites
*WWE profile

## References
Jimmy Greaves

**Jimmy Greaves** (20 February 1940 &ndash; 19 September 2021) was an English football player. He played for England national team.

## Career statistics 
### Club 
 in December 1964]]

### International 
England's goal tally listed first.

## Honours 
**A.C. Milan**
*Serie A: 1961–62

**Tottenham Hotspur**
*FA Cup: 1961–62, 1966–67
*FA Charity Shield: 1962, 1967 (shared)
*European Cup Winners' Cup: 1962–63
*Football League First Division runner-up: 1962–63

**England**
*FIFA World Cup: 1966
*British Home Championship: 1959–60 (shared), 1960–61, 1963–64 (shared), 1964–65, 1965–66; runner-up: 1962–63, 1966–67

**Individual**
* Ballon d'Or third place: 1963

## References
Luther Blissett

**Luther Loide Blissett**  (born 1 February 1958) is a Jamaican-born former English football player. He has played for England national team.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|1975-76||rowspan="8"|Watford||rowspan="3"|Fourth Division||3||1
|-
|1976-77||4||0
|-
|1977-78||33||6
|-
|1978-79||Third Division||41||21
|-
|1979-80||rowspan="3"|Second Division||42||10
|-
|1980-81||42||11
|-
|1981-82||40||19
|-
|1982-83||First Division||41||27

|-
|1983-84||Milan||Serie A||30||5

|-
|1984-85||rowspan="5"|Watford||rowspan="4"|First Division||41||21
|-
|1985-86||23||7
|-
|1986-87||35||11
|-
|1987-88||25||4
|-
|1988-89||Second Division||3||1
|-
|1988-89||rowspan="3"|Bournemouth||rowspan="2"|Second Division||30||19
|-
|1989-90||46||18
|-
|1990-91||Third Division||45||19
|-
|1991-92||Watford||Second Division||42||10
|-
|1992-93||West Bromwich Albion||Second Division||3||1
|-
|1993-94||Bury||Third Division||10||1
|-
|1993-94||Mansfield Town||Third Division||5||1
554||208
30||5
584||213
|}

## International career statistics 
|-
|1982||2||3
|-
|1983||9||0
|-
|1984||3||0
|-
!Total||14||3
|}

## References
David Seaman

**David Seaman** (born 19 September 1963) is an English retired football player. He has played for England national team as well as many other league teams.

Seaman was a contestant on the first series of *Dancing on Ice* in 2006.

## Career statistics 
### Club 
### International 
## Honours 
**Arsenal**
*Football League First Division: 1990–91
*Premier League: 1997–98, 2001–02
*FA Cup: 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03
*Football League Cup: 1992–93
*FA Charity/Community Shield: 1991 (shared), 1998, 2002
*European Cup Winners' Cup: 1993–94

**Individual**
*Premier League Player of the Month: April 1995
*PFA Team of the Year: 1990–91 First Division, 1996–97 Premier League
*Premier League 10 Seasons Awards (1992–2002):
**Domestic Team of the Decade
**Goalkeeper with most clean sheets (130)
*Most clean sheets in the Premier League: 1993–94, 1998–99

## References
Vasile Miriuţă

**Vasile Miriuţă** (born 19 September 1968) is a football manager and former player. He has played for Hungary national team.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|1988-89||rowspan="3"|Baia Mare||||||
|-
|1989-90||||||
|-
|1990-91||||||
|-
|1990-91||Dinamo Bucureşti||Divizia A||15||1
|-
|1991-92||Gloria Bistriţa||Divizia A||14||3

|-
|1991-92||rowspan="2"|Győri ETO||rowspan="2"|National Championship I||15||2
|-
|1992-93||28||3

|-
|1993-94||Bourges||Division 2||27||3

|-
|1994-95||rowspan="2"|Győri ETO||rowspan="2"|National Championship I||24||11
|-
|1995-96||15||3
|-
|1995-96||Fehérvár||National Championship I||14||5
|-
|1996-97||rowspan="2"|Ferencvárosi||rowspan="2"|National Championship I||32||8
|-
|1997-98||22||4

|-
|1998-99||rowspan="5"|Energie Cottbus||rowspan="2"|2. Bundesliga||26||2
|-
|1999-00||32||6
|-
|2000-01||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||29||11
|-
|2001-02||27||4
|-
|2002-03||7||0
|-
|2002-03||Duisburg||2. Bundesliga||12||0

|-
|2003-04||Győri ETO||National Championship I||15||4
|-
|2003-04||Budapest Honvéd||||0||0
29||4
165||40
27||3
133||23
354||70
|}

## International career statistics 
|-
!Total||9||1
|}

## References
Jerzy Dudek

**Jerzy Henryk Dudek** (born 23 March 1973) is a retired Polish football player. He retired in 2011.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|1995/96||Tychy||||15||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||0

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="6"|Feyenoord Rotterdam||rowspan="6"|Eredivisie||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1997/98||34||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0||36||0
|-
|1998/99||34||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|1999/00||34||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0||40||0
|-
|2000/01||34||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||0||42||0
|-
|2001/02||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="6"|Liverpool||rowspan="6"|Premier League||35||0||2||0||0||0||12||0||49||0
|-
|2002/03||30||0||2||0||2||0||11||0||45||0
|-
|2003/04||30||0||3||0||1||0||4||0||38||0
|-
|2004/05||24||0||1||0||6||0||10||0||41||0
|-
|2005/06||6||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2006/07||1||0||1||0||2||0||1||0||5||0

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||1||0||4||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2008/09||0||0||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
15||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||0
139||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||0||155||0
126||0||9||0||11||0||38||0||184||0
1||0||6||0||0||0||1||0||8||0
281||0||15||0||11||0||55||0||362||0
|}

## International career statistics 
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||6||0
|-
|2003||11||0
|-
|2004||11||0
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
|2013||1||0
|-
!Total||60||0
|}

## References