open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hyundai Lafesta

The **Hyundai Lafesta** is a sedan made by Hyundai Motor Company through its joint venture with BAIC Group called "Beijing Hyundai" since 2018 and it is positioned between the Hyundai Elantra and the Hyundai Sonata in the chinese lineup of Hyundai.

## History and Features 
The Hyundai Lafesta made its debut on Beijing Auto Show in 2018 and it was released in the chinese market in October of the same year it has 1.4-litre turbo 1.5-litre turbo and 1.6-litre turbo engines and it also has a electric version called **Lafesta Electric** that was announced in the start of December 2019 the electric version has a range of 490 km (304 mi) and a electric motor that have 135 kW (181 hp; 184 PS). 
## Markets 
The Hyundai Lafesta is currently produced and sold exclusively in China.
## References
Mitsubishi Dignity

The **Mitsubishi Dignity** is a full-size Luxury car made by Mitsubishi Motors from 1999 to 2001 it was Mitsubishi`s flagship car alongside the smaller Mitsubishi Proudia it was reintroduzed in 2012 as a rebadged Nissan Cima.

## First Genaration (1999-2001) 
The Dignity alongside the Proudia was released in 1999 they were co-made by Hyundai Motor Company who in South Korea sold the two cars as Hyundai Equus from 1998 to 2009. 

The dignity was sold as a rival to Nissan President Toyota Century and Toyota Celsior and it had a *8A80* 4,498cc, 90-degree, aluminum-block GDi V8 engine. from Mitsubishi And it had features like Driver Support System (which are CCD cameras). however the
Dignity along with the Proudia did not sell well and Mitsubishi Discontinued both cars in 2001.

## Second Generation (2012-2016) 
The name Dignity was revived in April 2012 as a rebadged Nissan Cima. it was also the first hybrid electric car that Mitsubishi sold in Japan it had only one engine option which is a 3,498&nbsp;cc *VQ35HR* V6 from Nissan many items in the car were also from the Nissan Cima like the lattice rear retractable window screen. it also had only one trim called "VIP". 

## Markets 
both gens of the Mitsubishi Dignity were sold exclusively in Japan.

## Discontinuation 
The Dignity alongside the Proudia were Discontinued again in 2016 due to weak sales and in Japan only 98 units of the car were sold.
## References
Allobates goianus

The **Cerrado rocket frog** or **Goias rocket frog** (*Allobates goianus*) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, in Goiás.

## Home
This frog lives on the dead leaves on the ground in forests. It leaves near streams and ponds.  Scientists saw the frog between 700 and 1700 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog in protected parks: Floresta Nacional de Silvania, which is small, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, RPPN Reserva Natural Serra do Tombador, and Área de Preservação Ambiental Pouso Alto. Scientists say that it does not live in the Floresta Nacional de Silvania any more.

## Young
The female frog lays her eggs on land. After the eggs hatch, the adult frog carries the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out.  Human beings change the places where the frog lives by cutting down trees with fires, towns, dams, places for animals to eat grass, tree farms and other farms, for example soybean farms.

## References
Augusto Rollandin

**Augusto Arduino Claudio Rollandin** (13 June 1949 – 22 December 2024) was an Italian politician and veterinarian. He was born in Brusson, Italy. He was a member of the Valdostan Union. From 2001 to 2006, he was a member of the Senate. Rollandin was the president of Aosta Valley from 1984 to 1990 and again from 2008 to 2017.

Rollandin died on 22 December 2024 at the age of 75.

## References
Don Martina

**Dominico Felipe** "**Don**" **Martina** (1 May 1935 – 21 December 2024) was a Curaçaoan politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles. His first term lasted from November 1979 to October 1984 and his second term from January 1986 to July 1988.

Martina died on 21 December 2024 in Willemstad, Curaçao at the age of 89.

## References
Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles

The **prime ministers of the Netherlands Antilles** was a political office that existed from 1951 to 2010. In 2010 the position of Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles was abolished along with the dissolution of the country itself.

## List of prime ministers of the Netherlands Antilles 
**Political parties:**

; *Christian democratic*
; PNP
; ***Social democratic***
; MAN FOL

***Liberal***

PAR

## Notes
## References
Maria Liberia Peters

**Maria Liberia Peters**, also known as **Maria Liberia-Peters**, (born 20 May 1941) is a Dutch politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 1984 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1994.

## References
Emily de Jongh-Elhage

**Emily Saïdy de Jongh-Elhage** (born 7 December 1946) is a former Curaçaoan politician. She was the 27th and last prime minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 2006 until its dissolution in 2010.

## Other websites
*Onze Kandidaten voor de Eilandsraad Verkiezingen 
*BBC Caribbean: Caribbean nationals to flee Lebanon
Art Evans (actor)

**Arthur James Evans** (March 27, 1942 – December 21, 2024) was an American actor. He was born in Berkeley, California. His career began in 1972. He was known for his role as Leslie Barnes in the action movie *Die Hard 2* (1990). 

He also appeared in *Youngblood* (1978), *The Cracker Factory* (1979), ''National Lampoon's Class Reunion* (1982), *Into the Night* (1985), *Fright Night* (1985), *Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling* (1986), *Ruthless People* (1986), *Native Son* (1986), *White of the Eye* (1987), *School Daze* (1988), *The Mighty Quinn* (1989), *Downtown* (1990), *Trespass* (1992), *CB4* (1993), *Bitter Harvest* (1993), *Tales from the Hood* (1995) and *Metro'' (1997). 

Evans died in Los Angeles, California on December 21, 2024 from problems caused by diabetes at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Art Evans TV Guide
Google Santa Tracker

**Google Santa Tracker** is a website made by Google about where Santa Claus is on Christmas Eve. It was started in December 1, 2004. It is similar to the NORAD Santa Tracker.

## References
Shyam Benegal

**Shyam Benegal** (14 December 1934 – 23 December 2024) was an Indian movie director, screenwriter and documentary filmmaker. Benegal was born in Tirumalagiri, British India. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 2006 to 2012. His best known movies were *Ankur* (1973), *Nishant* (1975), *Manthan* (1976), *Bhumika* (1977), *Mammo* (1994), *Sardari Begum* (1996) and *Zubeidaa* (2001). 

Benegal died on 23 December 2024 at a hospital in Mumbai, India from kidney disease at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Stephen Miran

**Stephen Ira Miran** is an American economist and politician who has been a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors since 2025. He has also been the 32nd Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers since 2025. He is a senior strategist at Hudson Bay Capital Management. 

In December 2024, President-elect Donald Trump named Miran as his nominee for Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in March 2025.

## Early life
Miran graduated from Boston University in 2005. He studied economics, philosophy, and mathematics. He received a PhD in economics from Harvard University in 2010. He was a student of Martin Feldstein.

## Career
Miran was an advisor of economic policy for the Department of the Treasury from 2020 to 2021. Miran is a senior strategist at Hudson Bay Capital Management. He was confirmed by the Senate for the office on March 12, 2025. He was confirmed in a 53-46 vote.

## Federal Reserve Board of Governors
On August 7, 2025, Trump named Miran as his nominee to replace Adriana Kugler as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. On September 15, he was confirmed by the Senate in a 48–47 vote and was sworn-in the next day.

## References
Blanet

## What is a Blanet 
A Blanet (short for Black hole Planet) is a planet that orbits a black hole. Blanets are hypothetical planets that would orbit a black hole, they will not be sucked into the black hole but they will be close enough to get affected by its gravity.

## How they might be formed 
If they are real, they might form a similar way a normal planet does, forming in the dense clouds of gas and dust around the black hole, the dust particles collide and stick together, making bigger clumps, over time, these clumps will grow and develop gravity which will bring in more clumps of gas eventually forming a Blanet. They will either become rocky planet, smaller than Earth or larger than Earth, or they will be Neptune sized. These Blanets will highly likely not support life unless they are in orbit with a star and that star orbits the black hole.

## Current research 
Researchers are studying the possibility of Blanets, while no confirmed Blanets have been found.

## Why Orbiting a Black Hole is possible 
Although black holes are known for their immense gravity, the physics of orbiting a black hole is similar to orbiting a star, provided the object maintains a safe distance. If our Sun were to instantly turn into a black hole of the same mass, the Earth and all other planets would continue to orbit in their existing paths because
the gravitational pull at the distance would remain the same. Planets must stay outside the event horizon (the point of no return) and the Roche limit (the distance at which tidal forces would tear the planet apart) to maintain a stable orbit.
Television in Lithuania

**Television in Lithuania** was introduced in 1921. The following is a list of television channels broadcast in Lithuania.

## Main channels 
## References
Michael Kratsios

**Michael John Kotsakas Kratsios** (born November 7, 1986) is an American business executive and politician who has been the 13th Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy since 2025. He was the fourth Chief Technology Officer of the United States at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. During this time, he was President Donald Trump's top technology advisor. 

In December 2024, Kratsios was nominated by President-elect Donald Trump to be the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in March 2025.

## Early life
Kratsios was born in Columbia, South Carolina and his family came from Greece. He studied at Princeton University and graduated with a B.A. in politics and a certificate in Hellenic studies in 2008. He was a visiting scholar at Tsinghua University in Beijing.

While in college, Kratsios was an intern for U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham and editor-in-chief and president of *Business Today*.

## Political career
Kratsios joined the White House in 2017 as Deputy Assistant to the President for Technology Policy. In March 2019, the White House announced that President Trump would nominate Kratsios as the next U.S. CTO and an associate director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. On August 1, 2019, the U.S. Senate voted unanimously to confirm him as the fourth U.S. CTO.

In March 2020, Kratsios launched the COVID-19 High Performance Computing Consortium.

On July 13, 2020, the U.S. Department of Defense announced Kratsios would serve as its Acting Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. In this role, Kratsios was the third highest-ranking official at the Department of Defense and the principal advisor to the Secretary of Defense for technology.

## Director of OSTP
On December 22, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Kratsios as the next Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Science Advisor to the President. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on March 25, 2025 in a 74-25 vote.

## Personal life
In February 2024, Kratsios became engaged to Alissa Davies, the oldest daughter of Sir David Davies.

Kratsios has been published in The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, Wired, Bloomberg, Fortune, and CNN.

## References
## Other websites
*Biography at the White House
*Biography at the U.S. Department of Defense
Ya'akov Winschel

'''Ya'akov Winschel''' (1891–1981) was an Israeli doctor and Revisionist Zionist writer.
## Life
Ya'akov Winschel was born in Tiflis, then in the Georgian part of the Russian Empire (1721–1917), to the family of Ze'ev Winschel. As Winschel got older, his family resettled in Baku, Azerbaijan. Winschel did medicine in Munich, Geneva and Dorpat, where he was active in Zionist activism.

## References
M-Hero

**M-Hero Technology** is a Chinese automobile brand owned by DongFeng Motor Corporation it makes luxury off road electric vehicles.

## History 
The M-Hero brand was founded in 2022 and it revealed its first model a full size luxury off road car named the M-Hero 917 in 2023 the chinese name of the brand is **Mengshi** that was inherited from a military vehicle line that is made by Dongfeng and to differentiate M-hero and Dongfeng Mengshi that have simillar names in chinese M-Hero belongs to Dongfeng Motor Group and Dongfeng Mengshi belongs to Dongfeng Motor Corporation.

## Models 
* M-Hero 917 (2023–present), full-size SUV
* M-Hero M-Hunter (2024–present), full-size ROV, 
* M-Hero M800 (to commence), full-size SUV

File:2023_Dongfeng_Mengshi_917.jpg|M-hero 917
File:Mengshi_M-Hunter_001.jpg|M-Hero M-Hunter

## References
Robert P. Reed

**Robert Philip Reed** (born June 11, 1959) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church. As of 2024, he is an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston in Massachusetts and the president of the television network CatholicTV.

Robert Reed was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on June 11, 1959, to William and Jeanne Reed. He grew up in Swampscott, Massachusetts.

## References
Gluteus medius

The **gluteus medius** is a broad muscle. It is one of the three gluteal muscles.

The gluteus medius muscle begins, or "originates," on the outer surface of the ilium between the anterior gluteal line below and the posterior gluteal line above. It also comes from the gluteal aponeurosis, a fascia covering its outer surface.

## Other websites
* 
*
Noé Murayama

**Noé Murayama Tudón** (July 4, 1930 – August 25, 1997) was a Mexican actor of Japanese descent. He starred in Mexican movies.

## Other websites
*
Miguel Morayta y Sagrario

* (1903)]]

**Miguel Morayta y Sagrario** (September 3, 1834 - January 18, 1917) was a Spanish professor of classical history, journalist and republican politician, considered by historians to be a most prominent personality in the Masonic order in the history of Spain.

## Short Biography 
He was born in 1834 in Madrid. He became Professor of Spanish and Pangkalahatang Kasaysayan at the *Universidad Central de Madrid* (Central University of Madrid in Spain, editor of periodicals in Madrid such as *El Eco Universitario* (1851), *La República Ibérica* (1869-1870) and *Gente Vieja* (1902), as well as the director of *La Reforma* (1868) and *Revista Ibérica*; and published the *La Publicidad de Barcelona* or *El Popular de Málaga*. Besides those, Miguel Morayta was the professor of José Rizal at the Universidad Central de Madrid. Morayta also founded the organization, *Asociacion Hispano-Filipino* in Madrid and was a close friend of his student, José Rizal. 

He died in his home city in 1917 and was buried in the civil cemetery of Madrid. 
**Miguel Morayta y Sagrario** is respected and recognized in the history of the Philippine nation headed for its independence.

## Freemasonry 
Morayta held a high position in Freemasonry in Spain, where he united the various *lodges* by establishing the *Gran Oriente Español* in 1889, and became its first *Grand Master*. He held this highest office from 1889 to 1901, and became *Sovereign Grand Commander* of the *Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite* in Spain. 

Filipinos in Spain also entered Freemasonry in Spain in their advocacy towards reforming the administration of the Philippine colony. Among them were the patriots Graciano Lopez Jaena, Galicano Apacible, and the brothers Antonio Luna at Juan Luna, and José Rizal, in lodges named **Solidaridad** (Solidarity) and the radical **Revolucion** (Revolution).

## The Propaganda Movement 
Among the colonies of the Spanish Empire, the Philippines in particular, revolutionary sentiments began growing in 1872 after three Catholic priest activists were executed on false accusations.

The mass exodus of Filipino patriots to Spain starting 1872, encouraged a community of *expatriate* reformers. This community of *Ilustrados* (enlightened ones), notably the sons and daughters of the wealthy Filipino families developed as a society of intellectuals. Their aim was to seek representation in the legislature of Spain for political reforms in the Philippines. Famous among them are Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and their noble fellow-Mason (33° degree) Dr. Jose Rizal — and their advisor, the *Sovereign Grand Commander* **Miguel Morayta y Sagrario** — who collectively published the newspaper, *"La Solidaridad"* (the Solidarity). The publication inspired what became known as the *Propaganda Movement'' effectively led by Jose Rizal.

## References
Tyagaraja

**Tyagaraja** (1767–1847) is one of the greatest composers in the history of Indian classical music, revered as a saint and a musical genius in the Carnatic tradition. Born in Tiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, his full name was Kakarla Tyagabrahmam. He was deeply spiritual and devoted his life to composing, singing, and propagating the teachings of bhakti (devotion) through his music.

## Early Life 
Tyagaraja was born into a Telugu-speaking Brahmin family, and his father, Rama Brahmam, was a scholar and musician. He was introduced to music and spiritual literature at a young age, and his family’s devotion to Lord Rama profoundly influenced his life and works. Tyagaraja began composing songs early in life, dedicating them to Lord Rama and reflecting his unwavering devotion.

## Musical Contributions 
Tyagaraja is celebrated as one of the Trinity of Carnatic Music, alongside Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri. His compositions, numbering over 600, are primarily in Telugu and include kirtanas (devotional songs) and kritis (structured compositions). These works are considered masterpieces, characterized by profound spirituality, lyrical beauty, and intricate musicality.

Some of his most famous compositions include:

*"Endaro Mahanubhavulu" (Raga: Sri) – A panegyric to the great souls who tread the path of devotion.
*"Nagumomu Ganaleni" (Raga: Abheri) – Expressing a devotee’s longing for the divine presence.
*"Jagadananda Karaka" (Raga: Nata) – Celebrating Lord Rama as the source of universal bliss.
Tyagaraja also composed two operas: Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam and Nauka Charitram, which are rich in lyrical and musical depth.

## Philosophy and Devotion 
Tyagaraja's works reflect the philosophy of bhakti, emphasizing a personal relationship with God through love, humility, and surrender. His devotion to Lord Rama was so intense that his compositions are seen as expressions of his divine communion. Tyagaraja often depicted the struggles of a devotee seeking liberation and the grace of God.

## Legacy 
Tyagaraja’s music continues to inspire and form the foundation of Carnatic music pedagogy and performance. The annual Tyagaraja Aradhana, held in Tiruvaiyaru, Tamil Nadu, commemorates his life and works, drawing musicians and devotees from across the world to perform his compositions.

Through his timeless music, Tyagaraja not only elevated the art of Carnatic music but also left a spiritual legacy that transcends generations. His compositions remain an integral part of Indian culture, celebrated for their ability to evoke deep devotion and joy.
Antisemitism in Ireland

Ireland has been mostly Catholic throughout history. 

## 20th century
Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, pro-Nazi  was common among the Irish due to their dislike of the United Kingdom, which was fighting Nazi Germany. Meanwhile, the IRA worked with Nazi spies to plot attacks on British troops in Northern Ireland

## 21st century
In spring 2024, antisemitism in Ireland reportedly worsened with the  of the Israel–Hamas war, where antisemites felt  to harass Jews under the guise of supporting Palestine. for the approximately 2,700 Jews – 0.054% of the 2023 Irish population – in Ireland. 

In November 2024, IMPACT-se released a report that criticized content about Jewish people in Irish school textbooks. The Irish government disagreed with their conclusions.

In November 2025, a proposal to rename Herzog's park in Rathgar, Dublin was criticized as antisemitic https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/dublin/2025/11/29/dublins-herzog-park-set-to-be-denamed-by-city-councillors-over-israel-connections/  The park was named in 1995 in honour of Belfast-born Chaim Herzog, Israel’s president from 1983 to 1993, who spent his early childhood in Dublin when his father was chief rabbi of Ireland.https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/dublin/2025/11/29/dublins-herzog-park-set-to-be-denamed-by-city-councillors-over-israel-connections/ The Ireland government rejected the name change and urged the councilors to reject the https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-foreign-affairs/press-releases/statement-by-minister-mcentee-on-herzog-park/ Israeli president Isaac Herzog who is the son of the man after the park was named condemned the move

### Critique
David Collier, an Irish  in Middle East , noted that antisemitism among contemporary Irish is  from: due to the belief that "Britain gave the Jews Israel" is similar to the British settler colonialism in the history of Ireland.

## References
Ledion Liço

**Ledion Liço** ( born June 13, 1986 ) is an Albanian television presenter, producer, singer, and media director. He is best known for hosting the reality TV show *Big Brother VIP Albania*(2024–present). He has worked for many years with network Top Channel Albania as Creative Director and Top Albania Radio as General Director

## Career 
Liço started his career in 2005 as the host of TV Show's *Wake Up* and *Shtojzovallet*. Later, he became known for his work on music and entertainment shows like *Top Fest* (2007–2016) *Top Awards* and *Unplugged* (2006–2008). In 2015, he hosted *Big Brother Albania 8*. He also worked on *The Voice of Albania* (2011–2017) and *The Voice Kids Albania* (2016–2018), where he was the executive producer.

Since 2019, Liço has been the Executive Director of Top Channel Films and Top Albania Radio. In 2020, he became the Artistic Director of Top Channel Albania.In 2024, Liço returned to host the third season of *Big Brother VIP Albania*. He was later confirmed as the host for season four. Liço has also worked on music shows like *A.Live.Night* (2022), *Summer Dance*, and *Heineken Sessions*.

## Filmography 
### Television 
* *Ethet e së Premtes* (2002) – contestant
* *Wake UP* – host, producer
* *Shtojzovallet* (2005) – host
* *Top Fest* (2007-2016) – host, also a participant in 2008
* *Unplugged* (2006-2009) – host
* *The Voice of Albania* (2012-2015, 2017) – host
* *Top Music Awards* (2016) – host
* *Voice Kids Albania* (2018) – host, executive producer
* *Big Brother VIP Albania* (2024-present) – host

### Radio 
* *Wake UP* – host, producer
* *Heineken Sessions* (2015) – producer
* *A•Live•Night* (2022) – producer

## Personal Life 
Liço is married to Sara Hoxha, who is a co-owner of Top Media, the parent company of TV station Top Channel Albania. They have three children.

## References
Qom Seminary

The **Qom Seminary**  is the largest Islamic seminary (*hawza*) in Iran, established in 1922 by Grand Ayatollah Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi in Qom. It trains Usuli scholars.

## History
Although big Shi'a academies existed in Qom dating back as early as the 10th century CE, the hawza (seminarium) of the city became prominent at the time of the Safavids when Shi'a Islam became the official religion of Iran in the 16th century. The famous teachers of that era included Mulla Sadra and Shaykh Bahai. The modern Qom hawza was revitalized by Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi and Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi and is barely a century old. There are nearly three hundred thousand clerics in Iran’s seminaries. Alireza Arafi is the director of the Qom seminaries.

The contributions of Mohammad Taqi Bafqi are significant in the establishment of the modern Qom seminary. After relocating to Qom in 1337, Bafqi motivated local scholars, including Abu al-Qasim al-Kabir Qomi, (Sheikh) Mahdi the Philosopher, and Mirza Mohammad Arbab, to create a structured academic institution. However, these scholars believed that the formation of a seminary was contingent upon the arrival of a prominent scholar from outside Qom, given the prevailing circumstances and the mindset of the local populace. Ultimately, through Bafqi's persistence and the efforts of Mirza Mohammad Arbab and Sheikh Mohammad Reza Shariatmadar Sawji, a well-known scholar of that era residing in Qom, Abdul Karim Ha'eri was invited from Arak to establish a formal seminary in the city.

## References
WWE Speed

***WWE Speed*** was an American professional wrestling streaming show made by WWE. The show could only be watched on the social media X. It featured tournaments with matches with time limits that went for 3 minutes or less. The tournament's winner went on to have a match for either the WWE Speed Championship or the WWE Women's Speed Championship. The first episode aired on April 3, 2024. New episodes were available every Wednesday. Matches for the show were filmed on Fridays alongside *SmackDown.*

Following the 83rd episode on July 9, 2025, the show was no longer produced. Both the Speed and the Women's Speed Championship were then moved to *NXT* instead, but are still open to the entire WWE roster, as well as wrestlers from WWE's sister promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and partner promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

## On-air personalities
### Commentators
### Ring announcers
## References
Ernest Walton

**Ernest Walton** was an Irish physicist. Together with John Cockcroft, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1951. Walton studied Mathematics and experimental physics at Trinity College in Dublin. In 1934, he married Freda Wilson, the daughter of a Methodist priest. They had two sons and two daughters. He was the first to split the atom. He is best known for his work with John Cockcroft to construct one of the earliest types of particle accelerator, the Cockcroft–Walton generator. In experiments performed at Cambridge University in the early 1930s using the generator, Walton and Cockcroft became the first team to use a particle beam to transform one element to another. According to their Nobel Prize citation: "Thus, for the first time, a nuclear transmutation was produced by means entirely under human control".

## References
Hybrid (band)

**Hybrid** is a British electronic band consisting of Mike and Charlotte Truman.  It was created in 1995 by Mike Truman, Chris Healings, and Lee Mullin.

Their 1999 single, "Finished Symphony" was their first charting release and their debut studio album, *Wide Angle*, was released that year to critical acclaim. Hybrid are considered pioneers of the early electronic genre, and are known for their electronic approach to their production, specifically with the use of electronic sounds. Their second studio album, *Morning Sci-Fi* (2003), was featured collaborations with Peter Hook and Kirsty Hawkshaw. In 2006, Truman and Healings released their acclaimed third studio album *I Choose Noise*.

## References
Galilean dialect

The **Galilean** was the form of Jewish Aramaic spoken by people in Galilee during the late Second Temple period, for example at the time of Jesus and the disciples, as distinct from a Judean dialect spoken in Jerusalem.
 
The Aramaic of Jesus, as recorded in the Gospels, gives various examples of Aramaic phrases. The New Testament notes that the pronunciation of Peter gave him away as a Galilean to the servant girl at the brazier the night of Jesus' trial (see Matthew 26:73 and Mark 14:70).

## References
Allobates marchesianus

The **dull rocket frog** (*Allobates marchesianus*) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and Peru. Scientists think it could also live in Ecuador.

## Home
This frog lives on the ground in forests that have never been cut down and forests that were destroyed and are growing back. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 800 meters above sea level.

There are many protected parks and protected places where the frog lives.

## Young
The female frog lays her eggs on land. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. Fires and human beings change the places where the frog lives. People cut down trees to get wood to build with and to do other things where the forest used to be. In 2007, scientists found the fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* in an *A. marchesianus* frog in the Nanay River, but they do not know if the fungal disease chytridiomycosis is a big problem for this frog.

## References
Honolulu (pool)

**Honolulu**, also known as **banks, kisses, and combinations** or **indirect**, is a pocket billiards game. Players must  all shots not in a normal way. To win, you reach a set number of points. The game shares some similarities with other cue sports. It is played on tables and with balls used for pool. It is different as it gives foul points for regular direct shots.

## Rules
Honolulu is played between two competitors or teams. The game is played on a traditional pool table with fifteen . Points can, however, be scored by completing , ,  or .

Every shot must be . Players may want to  more than one ball on a single shot. All balls called must be correctly potted, or there is no score.

As in the similar game of one-pocket, a foul in Honolulu is the loss of a point. This means one ball must be returned to the table. Such  balls are placed on the table as close as possible to the foot spot. They are also as close as possible to any balls already ob that space in the direction of the . If a player has no balls to spot, the penalty is owed, and at the end of the player's next scoring , the requisite number of balls owed are put on the table.

According to the Billiard Congress of America, the governing body for billiards in the United States, Honolulu presents players with "an unending kaleidoscope of strategic and shot-making challenges."

## References
Play With Caution

***Play with Caution*** is an American weekly half-hour game show that aired on Disney XD television channel block's D|XP. It aired on July 17 during the launch of the D|XP block and aired 4 episodes before being canceled on August 7, 2017, due to declining ratings.

## Synopsis 
Two teams, Red and Blue, face off in a video game competition while enduring various physical distractions by the opposing team, including the human piñata, spinning wheel, and electric shocks distractors. The losing team is sent to the 'Pit of Despair' where they receive the infamous and outrageous 'PWC makeover.' Winners take part in a medal ceremony and receive the bragging rights glory of being named 'PWC Champions.'
Aryan Brotherhood of Texas

The **Aryan Brotherhood of Texas** (ABT) is an American white supremacist and Neo-Nazi gang founded in Texas in 1981. The gang is known for drug trafficking, extortion, and robbery.

ABT is both a street gang and prison gang. They have spread from Texas into the prisons of neighbouring states, particularly New Mexico. 

ABT is also known as ***the tip*** and ***ace deuce***. Members sometimes refer to themselves as "''''". Tattoos of a shield with a sword (sometimes incorporating a swastika) are popular.

Aryan Brotherhood of Texas is not connected with the Aryan Brotherhood, another white supremacist prison gang in the United States.

 

## References 
*https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/aryan-brotherhood-texas

https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/aryan-brotherhood-texas
Waypoint Presents

***Waypoint Presents*** is a gaming documentary television series based on the website of the same name that was owned by **VICE** from October 19, 2016 to June 2, 2023. 

The show itself premiered on the **D|XP** block from August 16, 2017 to October 5, 2017, before being canceled after 8 episodes due to declining ratings.

## Synopsis 
It is a documentary-styled gaming show, that talks about gaming, games, gaming communities, etc.
The Attack

**The Attack** was a Twitch web show series, that would be edited as a gaming variety TV series that would air upon the launch of the **D|XP** block on July 31st, 2017, but would be cancelled on September 8th, 2017, due to declining ratings.

The show was initially launched in 2014 after Kevin Pereira left Attack of the Show! on G4, and it was a show based off of said show (which would air for almost the network's entire original life and second incarnation.), which aired from March 28, 2005 to January 23, 2013, and from November 18, 2021, to October 21, 2022 when the G4 network shut down again due to declining ratings that year.

## Synopsis 
The show covered a variety of topics, including the day's biggest news, video game news, and viral videos. It was also known for exploring "the darkest corners of the interwebs" and presenting content that some viewers might find disturbing. 

## Cancellation 
According to Polygon, the show faced challenges and ultimately closed down due to view-botting, a practice that artificially inflated viewer numbers, which is against Twitch's terms of service. 

## References
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes

***Gentlemen Prefer Blondes*** is a 1953 American musical comedy film directed by Howard Hawks, produced by Sol C. Siegel, and written by Charles Lederer. The film stars Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell and is based off of a 1925 novel by Anita Loos. The film's cinematography was done by Harry J. Wild; it was edited by Hugh S. Fowler; and the music was composed by Hoagy Carmichael, Jule Styne, Eliot Daniel, and Lionel Newman. In the film, Monroe performs the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" in a pink dress, both of which solidified her presence as an icon and went down in history as two of her defining factors.

## Gallery 
 and Jane Russell]]
 singing "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend"]]
]]
Piano Sonata No. 29 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-flat major** (also called the ***Hammerklavier**),* Op. 106, is a piece of music for solo piano. It was written in 1817 and published in 1818. The sonata was dedicated to Archduke Rudolf.

The sonata is 40 to 45 minutes long, the longest of Beethoven's piano sonatas.

## Form 
The sonata has four movements:

## References 
## Other links
*
Florentino Torres

Si **Florentino Torres** — *Florentino Torres y Santos* (October 16, 1844 – April 29, 1927) — was the first Secretary of the Department of Justice of the Philippines.

Subsequently, he assumed office as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines mula 1901 hanggang 1920, but he resigned because he was passed over to replace the retired Chief Justice Cayetano Arellano, even if he was the next oldest senior in office.

## Legacy 
The **Florentino Torres High Scool** in Tondo, Manila was named after Torres in 1930. Similarly, the old *Calle Almansa*  in the district of Santa Cruz, Manila was renamed **Florentino Torres Street** by Manila's City Council.

## References
*
Kálmán Konrád

**Kálmán Konrád** (* 23 May 1896 in Palánka, Austria-Hungary- 10 May 1980 in Stockholm, Sweden) was a Hungarian football player and manager.
## Career
Konrád began his career as a football player at the age of 18 with Magyar Testgyakorlók Köre. Together with his brother Jenő Konrád, he soon became one of the leading players of the Hungarian champion. The Konrád brothers were brought to Austria by Hugo Meisl to Wiener Amateur SV He led them to their first title win. They won the 1921 cup final against the Vienna Sport-Club. The following year they lost 2-1 to the Vienna AF in the final. With Konrad the club won the championship for the first time in 1924 and the national cup three times till 1926. In the spring of 1924, the Konrád twins moved to  First Vienna FC.

For the 1925/26 season, both returned to Austria, and his brother Jenö took over as coach. The Konráds won the first double in the club’s history in 1926. In July 1926, Konrád II moved to the United States to join the Brooklyn Wanderers. After a year, Kálman Konrád returned to Europe and finished his career at his home club MTK Budapest at the end of the 1928 season.
## International 
Konrád played eleven international matches for the Hungarian national team between 1914 and 1928 and scored two goals. He   debuted in Vienna on 8 November 1914 in a 2-1 victory over Austria. He played his last international match, nine years after his last appearance in the team, on 6 May 1928 in a 5:5 draw against the Austrian selection in Budapest.
## Manager 
His first coaching position was in Germany at FC Bayern Munich from 1928 to 1930. In the spring of 1930, his contract was extended. Only a few months later – in the summer of 1930 – Konrád was dismissed in Munich. In the 1930/31 season, Kálman Konrád took over FC Zurich. After a year away from coaching, he took over   Rapid Bucharest in Romania. In 1936, Konrád also coached the Romanian national football team. From 1937 to 1939 he coached the Czechoslovakian SK Zidenice in Brno. 

In 1939 he came to Sweden. His first club was third division club Örebro SK.  From 1942 to 1947, he coached Åtvidabergs FF. From the 1947/48 season he was coach of Malmö FF, with whom he won the championship in 1949 and 1950. With Råå IF he achieved a much-noticed second place behind Malmö FF in the 1950/51 season as a first division newcomer. His last club was   BK Derby. He managed the club until the end of the 1954/55 season.
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force

The **Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force**, officially known as the **Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Air and Space Force** (**IRGCASF**; acronymed in Persian as **NEHSA**), is the strategic missile, air, and space force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). It was renamed from the IRGC Air Force to the IRGC Aerospace Force in 2009.

## References
1925-26 Austrian football championship

The **1925-26 Austrian football championship** was organized by the Vienna Football Association and played by its members. The single-track II. League served as a substructure to the I. League. These leagues were only open to professional football clubs. Wiener Amateur SV became champion for the second time. After the season they were renamed to FK Austria Wien. Other federal state associations organized state championships in different modes on an amateur basis.
## Final table
Table mode (if points are tied): Number of wins - goal quotient

## Matches
### Round 1
### Round 2
### Round 3
### Round 4
### Round 5
### Round 6
### Round 7
### Round 8
### Round 9
### Round 10
### Round 11
### Round 12
### Round 13
### Round 14
### Round 15
### Round 16
### Round 17
### Round 18
### Round 19
### Round 20
### Round 21
### Round 22
### Round 23
### Round 24
### Round 25
### Round 26
## Champion squad
(matches/goals)

## Top scorer
## References
Parmish Verma

**Parmish Verma** (born 3 July 1990) is an Indian singer, rapper, music video director, videographer and actor associated with the Punjabi Music and Punjabi cinema. He started his career as a video director then singer, and later debuted as an actor with the film *Rocky Mental*.

## References
Next Australian federal election

The **next Australian federal election** will be held in or before 2028 to elect members of the House of Representatives and half of the Senate to the 49th Parliament of Australia.

The current Labor government, led by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, is expected run for a third term in government. The opposition is set to be the Liberal–National Coalition, led by Opposition Leader Angus Taylor. 

Australia has compulsory voting, with preferential instant-runoff voting in single-member seats.

## Notes
## References
Minas Gerais road crash

The **Minas Gerais road crash** was a road crash in Lajinha on 21 December 2024. It was located near the district of Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on the BR-116 highway.

A passenger bus going on the BR-116 highway from São Paulo to Bahia had a tire problem, causing it to lose control and collide with an oncoming B-double truck at around 4 a.m. local time.

A passenger bus, a car and a B-double road train were in the accident. At least 38 people died.
## References 
*The Guardian
Alfred Hütter

**Alfred Hütter** was an Austrian radio journalist. He played a key role in helping the programming of the Ö3 programme, Die Musicbox. 

## Other websites 
*Discogs
Roger Bart

**Roger Bart** (born September 29, 1962) is an American actor and singer. He won a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for his performance as Snoopy in the 1999 revival of ''You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown*.

He received his second Tony Award nomination for playing Carmen Ghia in the original production of *The Producers* and his third for his performance as "Doc" Brown in *Back to the Future: The Musical''.
Large language model

A **large language model** (**LLM**) is a type of artificial intelligence that can understand and create human language. These models learn by studying huge amounts of text from books, websites, and other sources.

## How they work
LLMs work by finding patterns in language. They learn grammar, facts, and how words relate to each other by looking at billions of examples. The most powerful LLMs use a special design called "transformer," which helps them process large amounts of text quickly.

### Limitations
While LLMs are powerful, they can make mistakes. They sometimes include biases from their training data, and they can produce incorrect information. They learn from existing text rather than having true understanding like humans do.

## History
Before 2017, language models were much simpler. The big change came when Google created the "transformer" design, which made language models much more powerful.

Important developments include:
* 2018: BERT was released, which helped computers better understand language
* 2019: GPT-2 was created but was considered so powerful that its creators worried about misuse
* 2022: ChatGPT was released and became very popular with the public
* 2023: GPT-4 came out and could understand both text and images

### Modern developments
Today, there are many different LLMs available. Some are private, like GPT-4, while others are open for anyone to use, like Deepseek and Mistral. , GPT-4 was considered one of the most capable language models.

## References
M. T. Vasudevan Nair

**Madath Thekkepaattu Vasudevan Nair** (15 July 1933 – 25 December 2024), popularly known as **M.&nbsp;T.**, was an Indian novelist, screenwriter and movie director. Nair was born in Kudallur, British India. He was known for his roles in *Naalukettu*, *Randamoozham*, *Manju*, *Kaalam*, *Asuravithu* and *Iruttinte Athmavu*. In 2005, he was honored with the Padma Bhushan.

Nair died on 25 December 2024 at a hospital in Kozhikode, India from cardiopulmonary arrest caused by heart failure at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alceu Collares

**Alceu de Deus Collares** (12 September 1927 – 24 December 2024) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He was the Governor of Rio Grande do Sul from 1991 to 1995. He was also a member of the Chamber of Deputies and Mayor of Porto Alegre from 1986 to 1989. He was a member of the Democratic Labor Party of Brazil. Collares was born in Bagé, Brazil.

Collares died on 24 December 2024 at a hospital in Porto Alegre from multiple organ failure caused by pneumonia at the age of 97.

## References
Bagé

**Bagé** () is a Brazilian city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In 2020, its population was 121,335 in a total area of 4,096&nbsp;km2. It is the seventeenth largest city in the state. The city was founded in 1811 and became a city in 1859. 

## References
Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)

The **Democratic Labour Party** is a political party in Brazil. The PDT combines a pro-labour and social-democratic identities with nationalism and parts of democratic socialism.

## References
Pascal Hervé

**Pascal Hervé** (13 July 1964 – 24 December 2024) was a French road racing cyclist. He competed in the individual road race at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He raced as a professional from 1994 to 2001. He was born in Tours, France.

Hervé died on 24 December 2024 in Montreal, Canada at the age of 60.

## References
Sophie Hediger

**Sophie Anna Hediger** (14 December 1998 – 23 December 2024) was a Swiss snowboarder. She competed in the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, in women's snowboard cross and in the mixed team snowboard cross. Hediger was born in Horgen, Switzerland.

Hediger was killed during an avalanche at Arosa Lenzerheide in Arosa, Switzerland on 23 December 2024, at the age of 26.

## References
## Other websites
* Sophie Anna Hediger at the Swiss Olympic Association
Carole Crawford

**Carole Joan Crawford** (13 February 1943 – 18 December 2024) was a Jamaican model and beauty queen. She was crowned Miss World 1963. She was also the first winning delegate from both Jamaica and the Caribbean to have won Miss World. Crawford was born in Kingston, Jamaica.

Crawford died on 18 December 2024, at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
Antisemitism in France

Jews have been living in France since the Roman times as one of the oldest diasporas in Europe. 

## Overview
As France became Christianized in the late antiquity, Christian antisemitism shaped the region's culture and led to over 1,500 years of persecutions of Jews in France. Jews across the France were assaulted, tortured or burned at stakes. 

#### First Crusade
When the First Crusade happened in 1096, Jews were massacred by the crusaders across the Kingdom of France. The massacres all happened with Roman Catholic Church's tacit approval. during which dozens of Black Death-associated massacres of Jews happened.

## Modern period
Between the 15th century and 18th century, antisemitism in France waxed and waned. Voltaire (1694–1778), a famous French philosopher, held bias against Jews that contributed to the legitimization of antisemitism in Western academia. One of the instances of Voltaire's antisemitism was his insertion of an insult into his *Dictionnaire philosophique* for Jewish readers: Jews were targeted for their otherness, observance of Judaism and alleged lack of loyalty or assimilation.

#### 1880s
Between 1882 and 1885, three antisemitic publications existed in France: ''L'Anti-Juif*, *L'Anti-Sémitique*, and *Le Péril sociale''. Under Vichy France's leaders Philippe Pétain and Pierre Laval, the *Statut des Juifs* ("Jewish Statute") – modelled after the Nazi German Nuremberg Laws – was passed between October 1940 and June 1941 to ban Jews from all jobs.

### Post-war
Antisemitism in post-war France mainly took the form of Holocaust denial and radical anti-Zionism. Pierre Guillaume, an ultra-left anarcho-Marxist activist, published books denying the Holocaust, calling it a "distraction from class struggle" that "played into the hands of Zionism and Stalinism". 

#### Influence
Despite being left-wing, Guillaume's views were adopted by the French far right, and accused Jews of exploiting the Holocaust to extort compensations from European countries. 

A number of influential French Holocaust deniers emerged, such as Claude Autant-Lara, Paul Rassinier, François Duprat, Serge Thion, Robert Faurisson, and Dieudonné M'bala M'bala.

## 21st century
Antisemitism is still common in 21st century France, with Jews and synagogues regularly attacked. Some French Jews said that they had to adopt fake names and wear keffiyehs in order to stay safe.

One of the most serious antisemitic incidents involved a 12-year-old Jewish girl being gang-raped by several boys. In June 2025, a French court sentenced three teens to jail, ruling that the rape was driven by antisemitism based on the teens' use of slurs like "dirty Jew".

## Related pages
* Antisemitism in Spain
* Antisemitism in Ireland
* Antisemitism in Europe

## Footnotes
## References
Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance

The **Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance** is an award given at the Grammy Awards. 

## Winners 
 Each year is linked to the article about the Grammy Awards held that year.

## References