open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
LZ77 and LZ78

**LZ77** and **LZ78** are two lossless data compression algorithms. Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv published them in papers,  in 1977 and 1978. They are also known as **LZ1** and **LZ2**. 

Today, there are many variations of these algorithms. Examples of  such variations are  LZW, LZSS, or LZMA. Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) is a variant that was published in 1983, and that was used for the GIF format used by Compuserve, or the DEFLATE algorithm used in PNG and ZIP.

They are both theoretically dictionary coders. LZ77 uses a sliding window during compression. Later, this was shown to be equivalent to the explicit dictionary constructed by LZ78. There are limitations though: The two methods are only equivalent when all of the data is to be decompressed.

Since LZ77 encodes and decodes from a sliding window over previously seen characters, decompression must always start at the beginning of the input.  Conceptually, LZ78 decompression could allow random access to the input if the entire dictionary were known in advance.  However, in practice the dictionary is created during encoding and decoding by creating a new phrase whenever a token is output.

The algorithms were named an IEEE Milestone in 2004. In 2021 Jacob Ziv was awarded the IEEE Medal of Honor for his involvement in their development.

## Efficiency 
In the second of the two papers that introduced these algorithms they are analyzed as encoders defined by finite-state machines. A measure analogous to information entropy is developed for individual sequences (as opposed to probabilistic ensembles). This measure gives a bound on the data compression ratio that can be achieved. It is then shown that there exists finite lossless encoders for every sequence that achieve this bound as the length of the sequence grows to infinity. In this sense an algorithm based on this scheme produces asymptotically optimal encodings. This result can be proven more directly, as for example in notes by Peter Shor.

## References
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The Four Musketeers (movie)

***The Four Musketeers*** is a 1974 Spanish Panamanian British American adventure movie directed by Richard Lester and was based on the 1844 novel by Alexandre Dumas and is the sequel of the 1973 movie *The Three Musketeers*. It stars Michael York, Oliver Reed, Frank Finlay, Richard Chamberlain, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Geraldine Chaplin, Charlton Heston, Faye Dunaway, Christopher Lee, Raquel Welch, Roy Kinnear and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1975.

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Ruben Blades Is Not My Name

***Ruben Blades Is Not My Name*** () is a 2018 Panamanian Argentine Colombian documentary movie directed by Abner Benaim.

## Other websites
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Hogfish

The **hogfish** (*Lachnolaimus maximus*), also known as **boquinete**, **doncella de pluma** or **pez perro** in Mexico) is a species of fish which lives in the Western Atlantic Ocean. The hogfish lives in the area from Nova Scotia, Canada, to northern South America, including the Gulf of Mexico. It is classified as a wrasse.

## References
Zaal Udumashvili

**Zaal (Zaliko) Udumashvili** (born 27 February 1971) is a Georgian journalist and politician. Member of Parliament of Georgia.

## Other websites
* Biographical Dictionary of Georgia
Pfaffing, Austria

**Pfaffing** is a municipality of the district of Vöcklabruck in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Lignières-Châtelain

**Lignières-Châtelain** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Springfield, Virginia

**Springfield** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia,  United States. As of the 2020 census, 31,339 people live in Springfield.

## References
Blood and Roses

***Blood and Roses*** () is a 1960 French Italian horror movie directed by Roger Vadim and is based on the 1872 novella *Carmilla* by Sheridan Le Fanu. It stars Mel Ferrer, Elsa Martinelli, Annette Vadim, René-Jean Chauffard, Marc Allégret, Alberto Bonucci, Serge Marquand, Gabriella Farinon and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

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2013 Campeonato Amapaense

The **2013 Campeonato Amapaense de Futebol** is the 68th edition of the Amapá's top professional football league. The competition began on July, and ended on October 12.

## Format
On the first stage all teams play against each other once. The two best teams play against each other to find the round's winner, and the six best advance to the second stage.

On the second stage, all six teams from the first stage play against each other once. The two best teams play against each other to find the second round's winner.

On the final stage, the winner of the first stage play against the winner of the second stage.

### Qualifications
The champion qualifies to the 2014 Copa do Brasil and the 2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D.

## Participating teams
## First stage
### Standings
### Results
### Finals
## Second stage
### Standings
### Results
### Finals
## Championship Final
----

## References
Abacá

**Abacá** ( ;  ), binomial name ***Musa textilis***, is a type of banana. It is native to the Philippines. It is grown as a commercial crop in the Philippines, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. The plant, also known as **Manila hemp**.

The plant grows to , and averages about . The fiber was originally used for making twines and ropes. It is used in a variety of paper products including tea bags, filter paper and banknotes.

## References
The Ladies Man (1961 movie)

***The Ladies Man*** is a 1961 American comedy movie directed by Jerry Lewis (who also stars) and starring Helen Traubel, Kathleen Freeman, Buddy Lester, George Raft, Harry James, Jack Kruschen, Mary LaRoche, Pat Stanley. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

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Méaulte

**Méaulte** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

The Albert – Picardie Airport is partially in Méaulte.

## References
Kaplan's Garagoa tree frog

'''Kaplan's Garagoa tree frog'* (*Dendropsophus stingi'') is a frog that lives in Colombia.  Scientists have seen it near 2000 meters about sea level.
## References
Ben Shephard

**Benjamin Peter Sherrington Shephard** (born 11 December 1974) is an English television presenter and journalist who is currently employed by ITV. He was a main presenter on the now defunct breakfast programme *GMTV* and currently is hosting *This Morning* with Cat Deeley since March 2024. From April 2014 to February 2024 was co-hosting the ITV breakfast show *Good Morning Britain* with Susanna Reid and Charlotte Hawkins and formerly Kate Garraway. He has also hosted game shows such as *The Krypton Factor* (2009–2010), *Tipping Point* (2012—present) and *Ninja Warrior UK* (2015—2019).

In 2012, along with Helen Skelton, he welcomed the athletes of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games to Trafalgar Square as part of their homecoming parade.
Sítio do Picapau Amarelo (video game)

***Sítio do Picapau Amarelo***, is a 1997 platforming video game developed by Tectoy for the Sega Master System. It was based on the eponymous series broadcast in the 1970s, which in turn was based on the book series by Monteiro Lobato. As Férias Frustradas do Pica Pau it was released in Brazil only.

## Gameplay
The player chooses whether to play Pete or Emilia in the game. Both should go the way jumping on platforms and defeating enemies throwing objects on them, Pete with a slingshot and Emilia only stones. Throughout the game they lose points lives they can restore freeing caged birds along the way. However it has a very heavy control that impedes the player to give high jumps.

## Plot
When the cook Aunt Anastacia gets sick, Pete and Emilia receive a mission to find the 5 ingredients to be able to cure her, venturing through forests found with creatures of folklore.
Brazilian Baseball Championship

The **Brazilian Baseball Championship** () is the highest competition of baseball in Brazil. It is organized by the Brazilian Baseball and Softball Confederation (CBBS).

The tournament consists of 16 from Brazilian teams from cities trying for the championship from October to November. In the first qualifying round, teams are divided into four groups. The top two teams in each group move on to the semifinals, with the finals being a one-game winner-take-all.

## Teams
*Guarulhos
*Nip.Blue Jays
*Dragons
*Anhanguera
*Gigante
*Shida
*Indaiatuba
*Coopercotia
*Gecebs
*São Paulo
*Suzano
*Atibaia
*Presidente Prudente
*Cuiabá
*Campo Grande
*Dourados
*Rio de Janeiro (1995)

## Trivia
The Nippon Blue Jays on social media team uses Toronto Blue Jays badge from the Major League Baseball team due to possibly similar names.
Santos Futebol Clube (AP)

**Santos Futebol Clube** or **Santos**, as they are usually called, is a Brazilian football club based in Macapá, Amapá state.

## History
In Amapá, precisely in 1973, Otávio Nogueira and Delson Furtado, mobilized a group of friends to found the Santos Futebol Clube in Macapá. The historic meeting took place exactly on 11 May 1973. On that occasion, the objective was to establish a club that came to be a factory of champions, so came the Santos.

## Rivalries
Santos rivals are Oratório and Trem.

## Honours
* **Campeonato Amapaense**
: **Winners (7):** 2000, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019

* **Campeonato Amapaense Second Division**
: **Winners (1):** 2007
Give a Girl a Break

***Give a Girl a Break*** is a 1953 American musical comedy movie directed by Stanley Donen and starring Marge Champion, Gower Champion, Debbie Reynolds, Bob Fosse, Richard Anderson, Larry Keating. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
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Conjugation (disambiguation)

Conjugation is the change of a verb form in grammar.

**Conjugation** may also refer to:

*Bacterial conjugation — transfer of genetic material in bacteria
*Charge conjugation — in physics, when particles switch with anti-particles.
*Cross-conjugation — how chemical bonds can form
Race with Ryan

***Race With Ryan*** is a 2019 racing video game based on the YouTube channel ''Ryan's World.'' It was developed by 3dClouds and published by Outright Games for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.

## Development 
The game was announced on July 8, 2019. A trailer for the game was released the same day. On May 11, 2020, downloadable content was released, called the "Surprise Track Pack". A special edition, called the "Road Trip Deluxe Edition", was announced the same day and was released on October 16, 2020.

**RyanFace_D.uasset**

In November 2019, shortly after the game was released, a discovery was made by a data miner, TiniestTurtles, found an unused facial texture of Ryan’s face covered with blood and stitches in the game’s files. Despite that this texture was left unused, the presence of such a graphic in a game aimed at young children had sparked discussions and theories online. Some speculate it might have been an inside joke by the developers at Outright.
Pele Eterno

***Pelé Eterno*** (in English: *Pele Forever*) is a 2004 Brazilian documentary film directed by Anibal Massaini Neto. It traces the life and career of the Brazilian soccer star Pelé, one of the greatest footballer of all time, from his poor childhood growing up in a little city, up to the present.

The film includes Pelé's greatest achievements, titles, interesting facts about his life, never before seen footage, and testimonials from personalities like Zito, Pepe, Zagallo, Tostão, Rivelino, Carlos Alberto Torres, and several others.
Garrincha: Hero of the Jungle

***Garrincha: Hero of the Jungle*** () is a 1962 Brazilian documentary film directed by Joaquim Pedro de Andrade, about the Brazilian soccer player Garrincha. It was entered into the 13th Berlin International Film Festival In 2006, the documentary was selected as part of a special section of the 63rd Venice International Film Festival, dedicated to Joaquim Pedro de Andrade.

## Cast
* Garrincha as Himself
* Heron Domingues as Himself
The Man Who Killed Don Quixote

***The Man Who Killed Don Quixote*** is a 2018 British Belgian French Spanish and Portuguese adventure fantasy comedy movie directed by Terry Gilliam and was based on the 1605/1615 novel *Don Quixote* by Miguel de Cervantes. It stars Adam Driver, Jonathan Pryce, Stellan Skarsgård, Olga Kurylenko, Joana Ribeiro, Jason Watkins, Óscar Jaenada and was distributed by Warner Bros..

## Other websites
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Hollis McLaren

**Hollis McLaren** (born 5 February 1956) is a Canadian movie and television actress.

She is best known for her role in the 1977 cult movie *Outrageous!* and its sequel *Too Outrageous!*, in which she played a character closely based on writer Margaret Gibson. She also had roles in the movies *Partners*, *Atlantic City*, ''Jigsaw (L'Homme en colère)* and *Marion Bridge*, as well as the television series *Pit Pony* and the television movie *Mom at Sixteen*.

She was a Canadian Film Award nominee for Best Actress in 1977 for *Outrageous!''.

## References
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The Zero Theorem

***The Zero Theorem*** is a 2013 British Romanian American French science fiction movie directed by Terry Gilliam and starring Christoph Waltz, Mélanie Thierry, David Thewlis, Lucas Hedges, Matt Damon, Tilda Swinton, Sanjeev Bhaskar.

## Other websites
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Commentarii de Bello Gallico

***De Bello Gallico*** or ***Commentarii de Bello Gallico*** is a book by Julius Caesar.  Its name means "Of the Gallic Wars." It is about how he fought battles and conquered Gaul. Today, we call Gaul France, Germany, Switzerland and Belgium.

Julius Caesar wrote this book in Latin in the year 8 CE.

Vercingetorix appears in this book.

## Summary
### Book 1
The whole land of Gaul is split into three parts.

## Other websites
*De Bello Gallico  translated into English at MIT

## References
Khmer Empire

The **Khmer Empire**  or **Angkor Empire** (Khmer: ចក្រភពអង្គរ, *Chăkrâphôp Ângkô* are the terms that historians use to refer to Cambodia from 802 CE to 1431 CE when the nation was a Hindu/Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia. The empire referred to itself as **Kambuja** or **Kambujadeśa** which are ancient terms for Cambodia. The empire grew out of the former civilizations of Funan and Chenla, and at times ruled over and/or vassalized most of mainland Southeast Asia and parts of Southern China, its control stretching from the tip of the Indochinese Peninsula northward to modern Yunnan province, China, and from Vietnam westward to Myanmar.

A notable achievement is the site of Angkor, which is located in present-day Cambodia, the Khmer capital when the empire was the greatest. The majestic monuments of Angkor, such as Angkor Wat and Bayon, show the Khmer Empire's immense power, wealth, art, culture, architectural technique, aesthetics achievements, and the variety of belief systems that the Khmer Empire had over time. Satellite imaging has revealed that Angkor was the largest pre-industrial urban center in the world during the Khmer Empire's peak in the 11th to 13th centuries,.

The beginning of the era of the Khmer Empire is conventionally dated to 802 when King Jayavarman II declared himself *chakravartin* ("universal ruler", title equivalent to "emperor") on Phnom Kulen. The empire ended with the fall of Angkor in the 15th century.
Call Me by Your Name (movie)

***Call Me by Your Name*** is a 2017 Italian American French Brazilian romantic drama movie directed by Luca Guadagnino and was based on the 2007 novel of the same name by André Aciman (who also stars). It stars Armie Hammer, Timothée Chalamet, Michael Stuhlbarg, Amira Casar, Esther Garrel, Victorie Du Bois and was nominated for 4 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 2018.

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The Monk (1972 movie)

***The Monk*** (*Le Moine*) is a 1972 French Italian German Belgian horror movie directed by Ado Kyrou and was based on the 1796 novel of the same name by Matthew Gregory Lewis. It stars Franco Nero, Nathalie Delon, Nicol Williamson, Nadja Tiller, Élisabeth Wiener.

## Other websites
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Rewi's Last Stand

'''''Rewi's Last Stand'''* is a 1925 and 1940 New Zealand drama movie directed by Rudall Hayward. The 1925 is the silent movie and the 1940 is the sound movie and are historical drama movies.

## Other websites
**Rewi's Last Stand* (1925) at IMDb
**Rewi's Last Stand'' (1940) at IMDb
Sanofi (company)

**Sanofi** is one of the world's leading pharmaceutical corporations.

Sanofi works in more than a hundred countries. The company is headquartered in Paris.

## Overview 
The company started its work on August 20, 2004 by merging *Sanofi-Synthelabo* and *Aventis*. Since then, Sanofi-Synthelabo owns 95.47% of the share capital of Aventis.

### Structure 
Sanofi is diversified company. Sanofi's subsidiaries are  

* *Sanofi Pasteur* — production of vaccines;  
* *Genzyme* — an innovative biotechnology company;
* *Chattem* — production of over-the-counter drugs;
* *Merial* — production of veterinary drugs;
* *Zentiva* — production of generics.
Sanofi also has several foundations:

* *Aventis Foundation* — charity in the field of arts, public life, science
* *Fondation Sanofi-Espoir*  — charity in the field of health care in developing countries
* *Patient Assistance Foundation*  — charitable program for US residents who do not have the finances to buy drugs

### Management 
From October 28, 2014, the acting head of the company is Serge Weinberg.

The company's shareholders as of June 30, 2009 were:

* 9.60% of shares in *Total;*
* 8.99% at L'Oreal;
* 1.37% of the company's employees;
* 0.76% of treasury shares;
*79.28% in free circulation.

## Activity 
The main directions of the company's work now are:

* Emerging markets;
* Diabetes;
* Vaccines;
* Health products;
* Innovative products;
* Animal health.
''Sanofi-Pasteur's* vaccine division provides vaccines against the following infectious diseases: cholera, diphtheria, meningococcal infection, pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis etc.

In 2020, Sanofi together with *GlaxoSmithKline'' began developing a vaccine against COVID-19.

## References
Villers-Bretonneux

**Villers-Bretonneux** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Eurovision Song Contest 1972

The **Eurovision Song Contest 1972** was the 17th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest and took place in the Netherlands' second-largest city, Rotterdam.

## Results 
## References
Eugène Mercier

**Eugène Mercier** (1838-1904) is a French entrepreneur and a founder of a champagne company named after him. He is considered the inventor of film advertising.

## Champagne Mercier 
Mercier Champagne House was founded in 1858.

It is located in Epernay. Mercier was a small business that was part of the ''Owners' Union''.

In 1871, he began digging huge cellars and construction of the world's largest barrel.

In 1885, cellars were opened to the public. Mercier installed advanced electrical equipment (firstly for that period), as well as a steam generator to illuminate the cellars.

In 1887, his barrel's tightness was tested with a new annual grape harvest.

Mercier arranged for his barrel to be moved to Paris for the 1889 World's Fair. He secured a tethered balloon on the Field of Mars, loaded with bottles of champagne. During the 1900 World's Fair, the balloon was blown away by 20,000 people.

## References
Étienne Lenoir

**Étienne Lenoir** (12 January 1822 – 4 August 1900) is French inventor (80 patents) and entrepreneur. Lenoir was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor and received French citizenship.

## Biography 
Étienne Lenoir was born in Mussy-la-Ville (part of the Belgian Province of Luxembourg). In 1838, he moved to France and in 1870 Lenoir became a resident in Paris.

He was interested in electroplating and made several electrical inventions, including an improved electric telegraph.

On 16 July 1900, Lenoir received an award from the **ACF** (Automobile Club de France). It was a vermeil plate with the inscription, *"In recognition of his great merits as an inventor of the gas engine and builder of the first car in the world."*

Étienne Lenoir died in La Varenne-Sainte-Hilaire on 4 August, 1900.

## Lenoir engine 
In 1859, Lenoir invented the first internal combustion engine now known as the *Lenoir engine*.

Next year he received a patent for "an air motor expanded by gas combustion" from *Conservatoire national des arts et métiers*, no. N.43624.

In 1863, he created a car on that engine, in 1866 he designed a motorboat.

In 2 years, 143 engines were sold in Paris, and production of *Lenoir Gas Engines* had begun.

## References
Mixa

**Mixa** is a French brand of cosmetics for sensitive skin. It is part of the L'Oréal group.

## History 
The company was founded in 1924 in Paris. For that time, it was different from other brands because of its special method of production by mixing of traditional pharmaceutical ingredients and moisturizer.

Mixa was bought by L'Oréal in 1958.

The first *Mixa* product "*Mixed Cream-Powder*" was released in 1926.

In 1969, the first line of children's skin care *Mixa Bebe Series* was created*.*

In 1997, Mixa launched a product for the care of dry sensitive skin, it was regenerating body milk.

In 1999, the line of body care products became № 1 in France.

In 2003, the company released its first line of facial care, which consists of moisturizers for dehydrated sensitive skin.

In 2013, the first CC cream Mixa appeared.

## Products 
Currently Mixa is a brand № 1 in the categories "*Body Care*" and "*Baby Cosmetics*" in France.

The main products are:

* Facial skin care: products for cleansing and caring for sensitive skin that has such problems as dehydration, dryness, redness, imperfections, hypersensitivity, and anti-aging care products.
* Body care: milk, creams, oils.
* Lip care: lip balms.
* Hand skin care: moisturizing and regenerating creams.
* Cosmetics for children.
* Sunscreen.

## References
Pierre Danon

**Pierre Danon** is a French entrepreneur. He is Chairman of the Board of the *Volia Group* of Companies, Deputy Chairman of the Board of *TDC A / S* (Denmark), Non-Executive Director of Standard Life in Scotland, Chairman of the Board of *Ypso Holding* And *Altice B2B Holding* (owned by the French operators "Numericable" and "Completel"), a member of the board of directors of *Ciel Investment Limited*.

## Biography 
Perre Danon was born in 1956 in France.

He holds a degree in civil engineering from the École des Ponts ParisTech and a Master of Law degree from the Faculty of Law Panthéon-Assas University.

Pierre Danon also completed an MBA course at HEC Paris.

## Career 
He began his career in 1981 as a financial analyst at *Rank Xerox.*

Pierre Danon has held various management positions, including CEO in Belgium, the Benelux countries, Switzerland and Austria, as vice president of *Xerox Production Systems*, and president of *Xerox Channels Group* in Rochester and New York. He was also a member of the company's strategic strategy committee, managing changes in the company in Europe (launching new products and business solutions). In 1998, he was appointed President of Xerox Europe, headquartered in the United Kingdom.

In September 2000, he became CEO of BT Retail.

From April 2004 to March 2008, Pierre Danon served as the non-executive director of the British multimedia company Emap Plc.

In March 2005, Pierre Danon was appointed Chief Operating Officer of Capgemini Group.

In November 2005, Pierre Danon became Senior Adviser to Walter Gubert, President of JPMorgan Europe-Middle East-Africa.

From August 2006 to October 2008, Pierre Danon served as President of Eircom.

In early 2008, Pierre Danon was appointed CEO of Ciel Investment Limited in Port Louis, Mauritius.

In May 2008 he was elected Deputy Chairman of the Board of TDC A / S, Denmark. 

On September 1, 2008, Pierre Danon became the director of the French telecommunications group *Numéricable-Completel.*

In December 2010, he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Ypso Holding and Altice B2B Holding. 

In May 2011, Pierre Danon was appointed Chairman of the Board of Volia Group of Companies, which is the largest Ukrainian cable operator for Internet and television. 

In October 2011, Danon was appointed non-executive director of Standard Life in Edinburgh, Scotland.

## References
Bouillancourt-la-Bataille

**Bouillancourt-la-Bataille** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France. In 2018, 156 people lived there.

## Geography 
The commune is about  southeast of Amiens.

## References
Palaiseau

**Palaiseau** is a commune of 35,590 people (2018). It is in the Île-de-France region in the Essonne department in northern France.
Plane Crazy

***Plane Crazy*** is an animated movie made in 1928.  It had Mickey Mouse in it.  It was made in 1928, but it was not shown to the public until 1929.  So it was the first Mickey Mouse film made but the fourth one shown.

## Plot 
At a farm, a mouse named Mickey wants to be like Charles Lindbergh so he builds an airplane but it falls apart so Mickey builds a second plane out of a car and accidentally hits a cow with it. A female mouse named Minnie gives Micky a horseshoe for good luck so Micky brings her on the plane with him. Micky tries to kiss Minnie but she won’t let him so Micky starts driving the plane at a very high speed and she falls out and Micky takes her back into the plane. Minnie doesn’t want to kiss Micky but Micky kisses her anyway so she slaps him in the face. Minnie jumps out of the plane and uses her bloomers as a parachute. Mickey’s plane falls apart and Mickey lands on the ground. Mickey sees Minnie and laughs at her so she leaves. Mickey angrily throws the horseshoe in the air but then it hits him in the head. 

## Influence 
After Plane Crazy, Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks made The Gallopin Gaucho and then Steamboat Willie. 

## References
Samantha Robson

**Samantha Jane Robson** (born 22 March 1966 in Wandswoth, London) is a British actress who played WPC Vicky Hagen in *The Bill* from 1998 to 2001 and Sloan Peterson in *Ferris Bueller*. She has also appeared in the 2006 movie *A Good Year*.

## Other websites
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Yozgat

**Yozgat** is a city in western Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2020, 104,079 people lived there.

## References
Romancing the Stone

***Romancing the Stone*** is a 1984 American Mexican romantic adventure comedy movie directed by Robert Zemeckis and starring Michael Douglas, Kathleen Turner, Danny DeVito, Holland Taylor, Alfonso Arau, Zack Norman, Manuel Ojeda. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1985. It was followed up by *The Jewel of the Nile* in 1985.

## Other websites
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Bilecik

**Bilecik** is a city in northwestern Turkey. The city is in the East Marmara Region. In 2020, 78,029 people lived there.

## References
Boussicourt

**Boussicourt** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Étinehem-Méricourt

**Étinehem-Méricourt** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Étinehem (the seat) and Méricourt-sur-Somme.

## References
Maine's 1st congressional district

'''Maine's 1st congressional district''' is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Maine. Democrat Chellie Pingree is the representative since elected in 2008. It contains the counties of Cumberland, Knox, Lincoln, Sagadahoc, York and most of Kennebec County.

## References
Étinehem

**Étinehem** is a former commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Étinehem-Méricourt.

## References
Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation

***Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation*** is a 2015 American spy action thriller movie directed by Christopher McQuarrie. McQuarrie wrote the screenplay from a story he co-wrote with Drew Pearce. It is the sequel to *Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol* (2012) and the fifth movie in the *Mission: Impossible* series. 

It stars Tom Cruise, Jeremy Renner, Simon Pegg, Rebecca Ferguson, Ving Rhames, Sean Harris and Alec Baldwin. The supporting cast includes Simon McBurney, Zhang Jingchu, Tom Hollander and Jens Hultén.

*Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation* premiered at the Vienna State Opera on July 23, 2015, and was released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on July 31. The sequel, *Mission: Impossible – Fallout*, was released in 2018.

## Cast 
* Tom Cruise as Ethan Hunt: An agent of the Impossible Mission Force (IMF).
* Jeremy Renner as William Brandt: An IMF Agent and intelligence analyst transferred to the CIA when the IMF is disbanded.
* Simon Pegg as Benji Dunn: An IMF technical field agent transferred to the CIA's cyber operations division when the IMF is disbanded.
* Rebecca Ferguson as Ilsa Faust: A disavowed MI6 Agent undercover in The Syndicate.
* Ving Rhames as Luther Stickell: An IMF Agent, Ethan's closest friend and computer hacker who retires when the IMF is disbanded and returns when Brandt calls him for help finding Hunt.
* Sean Harris as Solomon Lane: An ex-MI6 Agent who became the leader of The Syndicate.
* Simon McBurney as Atlee: MI6 Director and founder of The Syndicate.
* Zhang Jingchu as Lauren: A CIA analyst.
* Tom Hollander as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
* Jens Hultén as Janik "Bone Doctor" Vinter: An ex-KGB Agent turned Syndicate operative and Lane's second-in-command.
* Alec Baldwin as Alan Hunley: Director of the CIA.
* Hermione Corfield as an IMF agent working at a London record shop who is killed by Lane

Additional cast includes Robert Maaser as Richter, a KSA agent turned Syndicate operative assigned to kill Ilsa if she fails to kill the Chancellor; Wolfgang Stegemann as Kagan, a Mossad agent turned Syndicate operative who fights Hunt at the Vienna State Opera; Alec Utgoff as the crewman of the A400 cargo plane carrying nerve gas; Mateo Rufino and Fernando Abadie as low-level Chechen separatists piloting the A400; and Rupert Wickham as the Austrian chancellor.

## Release 
*Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation* premiered at the Vienna State Opera on July 23, 2015. It was released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on July 31. 

Paramount had originally scheduled the movie for its release on December 25, 2015. On January 26, Paramount announced that it would be moved forward to July 31 instead. *The Hollywood Reporter* noted that the main reason for the move was to avoid competing with two other 2015 movies, namely *Star Wars: The Force Awakens* and *Spectre*. On Metacritic, the movie has a score of 75 out of 100 based on 46 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Toona ciliata

***Toona ciliata*** is a species of tree, found mainly in the forests of Asia and Australia. Botanically, it belongs to the mahogany family. In Meitei folk religion, it is worshipped as one of the sacred plants.

## Related pages
* *Blumea balsamifera*
Simo

**Simo** is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of 31 December 2020, the municipality had a population of 2,950. Neighbouring municipalities are Ii, Kemi, Keminmaa, Ranua and Tervola.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Community website
Ylitornio

**Ylitornio** () is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of 31 December 2020, the municipality had a population of 3,890. Neighbouring municipalities are Pello, Rovaniemi, Tervola and Tornio. Bordering Ylitornio in Sweden is Övertorneå.

## Other websites 
* Community website
Student of the Year

***Student of the Year*** is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age romantic comedy-drama movie directed by Karan Johar, based on a story by Johar and a script by Rensil D'Silva and Niranjan Iyengar, and produced by Hiroo Yash Johar under the banner of Dharma Productions and Gauri Khan under Red Chillies Entertainment. The movie stars Sidharth Malhotra, Alia Bhatt and Varun Dhawan in the lead roles, and Rishi Kapoor, Sana Saeed, Ronit Roy, Sahil Anand, Ram Kapoor and Farida Jalal are all playing major supporting roles, with Boman Irani, Kajol, Farah Khan and Vaibhavi Merchant in guest appearances. This movie marks the debuts of Sidharth Malhotra, Alia Bhatt and Varun Dhawan. Notably, this is also the first of several collaborations of Bhatt and Dhawan. The film's plot is this - The friendship of Abhi (Sidharth Malhotra) and Rohan (Varun Dhawan) is shaken when Abhi falls for their mutual friend, Shanaya (Alia Bhatt).

*Student of the Year* was released on 19 October 2012 in over 1400 locations across India. The movie received positive reviews and was successful at the box office as well as one of the highest-grossing Bollywood movies of 2012.

An unrelated sequel, *Student of the Year 2*, was released on 10 May 2019, starring Tiger Shroff alongside debutantes Tara Sutaria and Ananya Panday. Bhatt made a special appearance in the music video of a song in the end credits. The sequel didn't do as well as this movie but it was still successful at the box office.

## Cast
* Sidharth Malhotra as Abhimanyu "Abhi" Singh
* Alia Bhatt as Shanaya Singhania
* Varun Dhawan as Rohan "Ro" Nanda
* Rishi Kapoor as Dean Yogendra Vashishth
* Sana Saeed as Tanya Israni 
* Sahil Anand as Jeet Khurana
* Manasi Rachh as Shruti Pathak
* Kayoze Irani as Kaizad "Sudo" Sodabottleopenerwala
* Manjot Singh as Dimpy
* Ronit Roy as Coach Karan Shah
* Ram Kapoor as Ashok Nanda
* Gautami Kapoor as Gayatri Nanda
* Farida Jalal as Mrs. Singh
* Akshay Anand as Mr. Singh
* Manini Mishra as Geeta Singh
* Prachi Shah as Mrs. Shah
* Nandini Sen as Mrs. Singhania
* Boman Irani as Harkishan Sanon
* Sushma Seth as Mrs. Vashishth (special appearance)
* Farah Khan as a judge in "The Disco Song" (special appearance)
* Vaibhavi Merchant as a judge in "The Disco Song" (special appearance)
* Kajol in "The Disco Song" (special appearance)

## References
EFootball PES 2021 Season Update

***eFootball PES 2021 Season Update*** is a football simulation video game of the *eFootball Pro Evolution Soccer* series, developed by PES Productions and published by  Konami  for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Android, Xbox One. It is the 20th and final installment named with PES and the 25th and final installment named with Winning Eleven (excluding J.League and semi-annual improved versions) in Japan.

It is an updated edition of *eFootball PES 2020* (released in September 2019) containing the latest player data and club rosters.Lionel Messi as the cover star of the standard edition, alongside Pro Evolution Soccer ambassadors Cristiano Ronaldo, Alphonso Davies and Marcus Rashford, each representing one of the game's partner clubs.

## Trivia
In 2020 many sports games series by Konami was adding to E at the start of all sports games by Konami such as Pro Evolution Soccer changed the name.
## References
Krrish

**Krrish** is a 2006 Hindi-language superhero film directed, produced, and written by Rakesh Roshan. Hrithik Roshan and Priyanka Chopra are the lead roles. Naseeruddin Shah, Rekha, Manini Mishra, Archana Puran Singh and Sharat Saxena are in the supporting roles. This movie is a sequel to Koi... Mil Gaya. The film had a global release on June 23, 2006. It received positive reviews and went on to become a blockbuster. It was the third highest-grossing Indian film of the year. The movie followed with Krrish 3 in 2013. Also, in 2013, Toonz Animation India produced a Indian animated television film series of 4 Indian animated films that are also a part of the Krrish franchise.. They focus on the adventures on the kid version of Krrish, which is why it is called Kid Krrish. A fourth sequel to this film titled Krrish 4 is also in development, which will be released on December 30, 2022.

## Plot
A young man named Krrish has inherited supernatural powers thanks to his father's encounter with an alien. 

## Cast 
* Hrithik Roshan as Krishna "Krrish" Mehra / Dr. Rohit Mehra (Double Role)
* Priyanka Chopra as Priya Kalyanan
* Naseeruddin Shah as Dr. Siddhant Arya
* Rekha as Sonia Mehra
* Manini Mishra as Honey Arora
* Sharat Saxena as Dr. Vikram Sinha
* Archana Puran Singh as Nayantara
* Bin Xia as Kristian Li / Krrish
* Hemant Pandey as Bahadur
* Puneet Issar as Komal Singh
* Akash Khurana as Father
* Kiran Juneja as Amisha Kalyanan
* Yu Xuan as Kristian's Sister
* Preity Zinta as Nisha Mehra (Special Appearance)
* Rakesh Roshan as Dr. Sanjay Mehra (Special Appearance)

## References
Blumea balsamifera

**Blumea balsamifera** is a flowering plant of Genus Blumea. It is widely grown in Asia. Notably, it is worshipped as one of the sacred plants in Meitei religion in South East Asian regions. 

## Related page
* Phoebe hainesiana

## References
Bray-sur-Somme

**Bray-sur-Somme** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
Sanamahi Laihui

The **Sanamahi Laihui** is a Meitei language religious sacred text of Sanamahism, the traditional Meitei religion of Ancient Kangleipak. It is based on the divine account of the power of Lainingthou Sanamahi.

Sanamahi Laihui is an anonymous Meitei literary work from the same historical period as Sanamahi Laikan and Khagemba Langjei. The text serves as a summary and combination of these two earlier works. It is written in a clear and simple style, making it accessible to readers while preserving the original messages about Meitei beliefs and religious history.

## Background of Sanamahi (Taibang Khaiba) 
The text provides a detailed background of Sanamahi, also known as Taibang Khaiba, the ancestral deity of the Meitei people. It describes how, under the command of the Almighty, Sanamahi created the habitable earth. This act was carried out against the opposition of his youngest brother, who tried to destroy his work. After this, Sanamahi was appointed as the presiding god of all living beings.

This foundational story explains why Sanamahi holds a central role in Meitei religion and why his importance is continually asserted throughout the literary tradition.

## Divine Warnings to Meitei Kings 
The text explains that any move away from traditional belief, especially toward Hinduism, was seen as provoking the anger of the ancestral god.

During the reign of King Khagemba, any interest in Hinduism was immediately met with warning from Sanamahi, discouraging the king from turning away from traditional faith.

The two kings who followed Khagemba are said to have reigned peacefully, with no major religious disturbances. This is explained as a result of their continued respect for Sanamahi.

## Fate of King Charairongba 
According to Sanamahi Laihui, King Charairongba died young after being struck by lightning. The text suggests that this may have been a result of his neglect toward Sanamahi. The incident is presented as a sign of the dangers of ignoring the ancestral deity.

## King Garibniwaj and the return to faith 
The text also recounts how King Garibniwaj and his family suffered in the early part of his reign due to angering the ancestral god. However, once proper homage was restored to Sanamahi, the king achieved unprecedented success, followed by peace and prosperity in the kingdom.

## Religious tone and message 
Like the other works in this tradition, Sanamahi Laihui does not criticize Hinduism. Instead, the text focuses on praising the virtues of Sanamahi, presenting him as a powerful and protective deity whose guidance is essential to the well-being of the Meitei people and their rulers.
## References
Bovelles

**Bovelles** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France. In 2018, 431 people lived there.

## Geography 
The commune is about  west of Amiens.

## References
Football at the 1908 Summer Olympics

At the **1908 Summer Olympics** in London, Great Britain, an official football tournament between national representative selections was contested for the first time: football at the two previous games had been played between club teams. Eight teams entered (including two from France, the main team and a "B" side).
## Venue
 hosted all the matches]]
Fettuccine

**Fettuccine** is a type of long, flat, slightly wide pasta. It can either be in dried or fresh form. It has been used in some creamy sauces, such as Alfredo.

## References
TotalEnergies

**Total SA** or **Total** () is one of the world's biggest oil and gas companies. It was created in 1924.

Total has also activities in chemistry.

In December 2022, the NGOs Friends of the Earth, Survie and four Ugandan NGOs sent the oil group Total to court and accused it of violating the law on the duty of vigilance of large French companies in terms of human rights and environment.https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/12/07/totalenergies-de-nouveau-face-a-la-justice-pour-son-megaprojet-en-ouganda_6153413_3212.html.

## References
## Other websites 
* Total
Spaghetti aglio e olio

**Spaghetti aglio e olio** (English: *Spaghetti with garlic and oil*) is a pasta dish made from any spaghetti type pasta mixed with browned garlic and olive oil. This simple recipe came from Naples.

## References
Football at the 1904 Summer Olympics

Men's association football (soccer) was contested at the 1904 Summer Olympics. A total of three club teams competed, two representing the United States, both from host city St. Louis, and one representing Canada, from Galt (now Cambridge), Ontario. Originally two other Canadian teams had also been scheduled for the competition, Berlin Rangers and the University of Toronto, but both withdrew before the competition.<
The 1904 Olympic Games were spread over several months, linked to the St. Louis World's Fair, and football, in November, was the last sport to be contested. The tournament was played as a straight round-robin, although the game between Christian Brothers College and St. Rose Parish was replayed due to a draw in their first game.
## Medal summary 
### Medal table 
According to a report in the Toronto Mail and Empire newspaper of November 18, 1904, medals were awarded to the players in St. Louis.
The report states that "Immediately after the game, the Galt aggregation, numbering about 50 persons, retired to the office of James E. Sullivan, chief of the Department of Physical Culture, where they received their prize.  After a talk by Mr. James A. Conlon, of the Physical Culture Department, Mayor Mundy, of the City of Galt, presented each player on the winning team with a beautiful gold medal."
The medal awarded to Fred Steep of Galt, held by The Soccer Hall of Fame and Museum in Vaughan, Ontario, clearly shows that the medals were made in St. Louis, Missouri.

 won the Gold Medal]]
 won the Silver Medal]]

### Medalists
Student of the Year 2

***Student of the Year 2*** is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language teen romantic comedy drama movie directed by Punit Malhotra. This movie is a stand-alone sequel to Student of the Year, which was released in 2012, and stars Tiger Shroff, Tara Sutaria, and Ananya Panday in lead roles. Aditya Seal and Harsh Beniwal play the supporting roles. The movie marks the debuts of Tara Sutaria and Ananya Panday. In this film, Rohan (Tiger Shroff) follows his lover, Mridula (Tara Sutaria), to St Teresa's college hoping to reunite with her. There, he befriends Manav (Aditya Seal), the most popular student, but is constantly at loggerheads with his sister, Shreya (Ananya Panday).

The movie released on May 10, 2019 and opened to negative reviews. However, the movie was somewhat successful at the box office. It was mainly due to Tiger Shroff's action sequences being credited well. Panday and Sutaria were also credited well for their debuts and won multiple awards.

## Cast 
* Tiger Shroff as Rohan Sachdev
* Tara Sutaria as Mridula 'Mia' Chawla
* Ananya Panday as Shreya Randhawa
* Aditya Seal as Manav Singh Randhawa
* Samir Soni as Principal Gujral
* Gul Panag as Coach Kuljeet
* Abhishek Bajaj as Abhishek Sharma
* Manoj Pahwa as Coach Mahipal
* Ayesha Raza Mishra as Principal Archana Singh
* Rajesh Kumar as Prem Narayan Sachdev
* Manasi Joshi Roy as Rohan's aunt
* Chetan Pandit as Sukesh Randhawa
* Samreen Kaur as Mia's mother
* Manjot Singh as Commentator Dimpy
* Sahil Anand as Commentator Jeet Khurana
* Daljeet Singh as Abdullah Wahab
* Harsh Beniwal as Puggi
* Alia Bhatt in a special appearance
* Will Smith in a special appearance

## References
Varun Dhawan

**Varun Dhawan** is an Indian actor who works in Hindi movies. Varun began his work in film industry in 2010 with the movie *My Name Is Khan*. He debuted his career as a lead role with *Student of the Year* with Sidharth Malhotra and Alia Bhatt. He became famous with lots of other movies such as the romantic comedies *Main Tera Hero* (2014), *Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania* (2014), and *Badrinath Ki Dulhania* (2017). Later, Varun appears many commercially successful movies as a leading actor and some of which highest-grossing releases came such as *ABCD 2* (2015) and *Street Dancer 3D* (2020). He was also given credit for *Judwaa 2* (2018), and *Sui Dhaaga* (2018). However, the success of the eleven movies he had was followed by flops of his later movies *Kalank* (2019), *Street Dancer 3D* (2020), *Coolie No. 1* (2020) and *Jug Jugg Jeeyo* (2022).

## List of movies/films 
### Refers to
### As an Actor
## References
Football at the 1900 Summer Olympics

At the **1900 Summer Olympics**, an association football tournament was contested for the first time. Only two demonstration matches were held between the three club sides, and no medals were awarded.

France's representatives were determined by the USFSA, which elected the Parisian champion Club Français. For Belgium, after Racing Club de Bruxelles declined to participate, a student selection with players from the Université libre de Bruxelles was sent by the Federation.The team was reinforced with a few non-students. On the other hand, English club Upton Park F.C. represented Great Britain.

Despite this, the International Olympic Committee currently credits Great Britain, France and Belgium with gold, silver and bronze medals respectively as part of its attempt to reconcile early Olympic Games with the modern award scheme.
The football matches were held at the Vélodrome de Vincennes in Paris.
## Venue
 hosted all the matches]]

## Squads
## Matches 
In the first game, the British squad had little difficulty defeating the USFSA XI. Upton Park led 2–0 after the first half, getting two more goals in the second to win 4–0. Gaston Peltier scored in the first minute to give the USFSA XI an early lead, but Université de Bruxelles scored twice to take a 2–1 first half lead. The French scored five goals in the second half, however, to take the match 6–2.

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### Final ranking 
## Medal summary 
### Medal table
]]

### Medalists
## Notes
## References
Motor racing at the 1900 Summer Olympics

**Motor racing** was contested at the 1900 Summer Olympics. Fourteen events were held in conjunction with 1900 World's Fair. These events have generally not been classified as official, although the IOC has never decided which events were "Olympic" and which were not.
Entries were by manufacturers rather than drivers, and competitors' names were not adequately reported at the time. The exceptions are the two classes of the Paris-Toulouse-Paris race, one class of which was won by Louis Renault. Most events had only French competitors but there were some international entries.

## Medal summary
Dendropsophus shiwiarum

***Dendropsophus shiwiarum*** is a frog that lives in Ecuador and Colombia. Scientists think it could also live in Peru.

The adult male frog is 16.1 to 18.8 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 18.2 to 18.8 mm long.  On the back, its skin is light brown or yellow with tiny red spots.  The skin on the belly is white.

This frog lays eggs whenever the weather is wet enough, in temporary bodies of water.  The males sing for females in small groups.

The name "shiwarum" comes from the Shiwiar people who live in some of the same places as the frog in the Amazon Basin.  They helped scientists find it so they could write science papers about it.

## References