open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lancaster, Lancashire

**Lancaster** is the county town of Lancashire, England. It is on the River Lune. As of the 2001 census, it had 45,952 people. The larger City of Lancaster local government district is named after Lancaster.

Lancaster Castle is well known as the site of the Pendle witch trials in 1612.
## Location
Lancaster is the most northerly city in Lancashire, three miles from Morecambe Bay. The city is on the River Lune, the Lancaster Canal, and the West Coast Main Line. It is close to the M6 motorway.
## Education
Lancaster has two universities. These are Lancaster University and The University of Cumbria.
Decatur, Wisconsin

**Decatur** is a town in Green County of the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  1,685 people were living in Decatur as of the 2020 census.  Decatur has an area of 34.4 square miles, says the United States Census Bureau.

## References
Haplorhini

The **haplorhines**, the "dry-nosed" primates (the Greek name means "simple-nosed"), are members of the **Haplorhini** clade: the prosimian tarsiers and all of the true simians. The simians are the catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including humans) and the platyrrhines (New World monkeys).

## Classification
***Suborder Haplorrhini**: tarsiers, monkeys and apes
**Infraorder Tarsiiformes
***Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers
**Infraorder Simiiformes
***Parvorder Platyrrhini: New World monkeys
****Family Callitrichidae: marmosets and tamarins
****Family Cebidae: capuchins and squirrel monkeys
****Family Aotidae: night or owl monkeys (douroucoulis)
****Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
****Family Atelidae: howler, spider and woolly monkeys
***Parvorder Catarrhini
****Superfamily Cercopithecoidea: Old World monkeys
*****Family Cercopithecidae
****Superfamily Hominoidea: apes
*****Family Hylobatidae: lesser apes (gibbons)
*****Family Hominidae: great (large) apes including humans
Strepsirrhini

The **Strepsirrhini** clade is one of the two suborders of primates, with 114 species. They are defined by their wet noses, although the Greek name means having a curved or bent nose. Madagascar's only primates (apart from humans) are strepsirrhines, although others can be found in southeast Asia.
Their eyes have a reflective layer to improve their night vision called a tapetum lucidum, and their eye sockets have a ring of bone around the eye called a post-orbital bar. Strepsirrhine primates produce their own vitamin C, whereas haplorhine primates (including humans) must get it from their diets.

The suborder contains the lemurs and lorises. The modern types probably evolved from the Adapiforms, an extinct group.

The origin of the earliest primates, from which both the strepsirrhines and haplorhines (simians and tarsiers) evolved, is a mystery.  Both their place of origin and the group from which they evolved are uncertain.

Although the fossil record of their initial radiation across the Northern Hemisphere is very detailed, the fossil record from the tropics—where primates most likely evolved—is very poor, particularly around the time that primates and other eutherian mammals were first appearing.

So, geneticists and primatologists have used genetic analyses to determine the relatedness between primate lines and when they diverged. Using this molecular clock, it seems that primates evolved more than 80–90&nbsp;million years ago, nearly 40&nbsp;million years before the first primates appear in the fossil record.p22

## Classification 
* **Suborder Strepsirrhini**: non-tarsier prosimians
** Infraorder Lemuriformes
*** Superfamily Lemuroidea
**** Family Cheirogaleidae: dwarf and mouse lemurs (32 species)
**** Family Daubentoniidae: Aye-aye (1 species)
**** Family Lemuridae: lemurs (22 species)
**** Family Lepilemuridae: sportive lemurs (26 species)
**** Family Indriidae: woolly lemurs and allies (19 species)
*** Superfamily Lorisoidea
**** Family Lorisidae: lorises, pottos and allies (9 species)
**** Family Galagidae: galagos (19 species)

## References
Bartje

**Bartje Bartels** is the main character in a series of Dutch books written by Anne de Vries at the beginning of the 20th century.  The stories are about a boy who grows up in a poor family in the countryside in Drenthe in the north-east of the Netherlands.

The author Anne de Vries is male.  The name “Anne”, although usually a girl's name, can also be used as a boy’s name in Dutch, especially in the north where Frisian is spoken.  It is pronounced “Oa-ne”.

Bartje (pronounce: “BAR-che”) is a boy whose father is a poor farmer.  His parents expect him to become a farmer like his father, but Bartje has other ideas.  Bartje starts work as an apprentice, but then his mother dies and he has to look after his younger brothers and sisters.

## Famous quotation
The most famous quotation from the Bartje books come in the story in which the family are sitting down to a meal.  They are going to eat brown beans.  Bartje hates brown beans and pulls his empty plate away when his mother wants to give him some.  He refuses to say grace (to say a prayer to thank God for the food they are about to eat) and he says: ''Ik bid nie veur bruune boon'n * (in modern Dutch: *Ik bid niet voor bruine bonen*, meaning: *I don’t pray for brown beans'').  His parents are shocked and he gets into big trouble.

## Television series
Bartje has become a much-loved symbol for the province of Drenthe.  The stories were made into a television series which was shown in 1972 and repeated in 2004.  The film had Dutch subtitles because the actors were speaking in Drenthe dialect.  

There is a statue to Bartje in the town of Assen.  Unfortunately it has been vandalized several times.
Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album)

***Breakaway*** is the second album by American singer Kelly Clarkson; it was released on November 30, 2004, by RCA Records.

The album debuted at number three on the *Billboard* 200 for selling 250,000 copies. It has sold over 6 million copies in the United States and has been certified six times Platinum by the RIAA. *Breakaway* received two awards at the 2006 Grammy Awards including "Best Pop Vocal Album" and "Best Female Pop Vocal Performance" for the single "Since U Been Gone".

Five singles were released from the album, "Since U Been Gone", "Behind These Hazel Eyes", "Because of You", "Walk Away", and "Breakaway".

## References
Free love

**Free love** is when people are free to have sexual relations with anyone without getting married. This has been used as early as in the 19th century. It is a social movement that rejects marriage as a form of social and financial bondage (slavery)..

## References
Breakaway

**Breakaway** may refer to:

* "Breakaway" (song), a song by Kelly Clarkson
* *Breakaway* (Kelly Clarkson album)
Rainbow Serpent

A **Rainbow Serpent** is an animal in the Dreamtime which many of the indigenous people of Australia,  the "Aboriginals", believe created the mountains, rivers and lakes. The Rainbow Serpent stories are found all across Australia, and especially in Arnhem Land, in the north of Australia. The serpent is known by different names, such as *Almudj* and *Ngalyod*, in different Aboriginal languages.

Aboriginal artists have painted the Rainbow Serpent on cave walls or on pieces of bark. The earliest cave paintings found are about 8,000 years old. In special ceremonies, they sometimes honour the Rainbow Serpent by painting their handprints on the magic snake.  Scientists believe the Rainbow Serpent stories began at the end of the last ice age. The rising sea levels would have forced a lot of people to move inland. The Rainbow Serpent became a symbol of both creation and destruction, and of unity and peace. This makes the Rainbow Serpent a symbol of the world's oldest continuing religion.

## History
In the Dreamtime, the Rainbow Serpent helped the world along with rain. At the beginning of time, the Rainbow Serpent awoke from its sleep and pushed through the Earth's crust. As it travelled over the empty land, it left behind deep tracks. The Rainbow Serpent called to the frogs to come out from beneath the earth. It tickled the frogs' bellies, and when they laughed, water poured out from their open mouths. The water filled the Rainbow Serpent's deep tracks, making rivers and lakes.
Slowly, grass began to grow. Then all kind of creatures in Australia - birds, lizards, snakes, kangaroos, koalas, and dingoes - woke up and took their places on the earth.

## References
Tisza

The **Tisza** is one of the  rivers of Central Europe. It starts in Ukraine, with the White Tisza in the Chornohora and Black Tisza in the Gorgany range, and flows partially along the Romanian border.  It then enters Hungary at Tiszabecs and passes through  Hungary touching the border with Slovakia.  It then into the Danube in central Vojvodina in Serbia.  The Tisza drains an area of about 157,186&nbsp;km².

Names for the river in the countries it flows through are:
*;
* (*Tysa*);
*;
* ();
* (*Tisa*).

## Tributaries 
*Čik (near Bačko Petrovo Selo)
*Jegrička (near Žabalj)
*Begej (near Titel)
*Mureş (in Szeged)
**Arieş (near Gura Arieşului)
**Târnava (near Teiuş)
***Târnava Mare (in Blaj)
***Târnava Mică (in Blaj)
*Körös (near Csongrád)
**Crişul Repede River (near Gyoma)
***Barcău (in Szeghalom)
**Crişul Alb (near Gyula)
**Crişul Negru (near Gyula)
*Zagyva (in Szolnok)
*Sajó (in Tiszaújváros)
**Hornád (near Miskolc) 
*Bodrog (in Tokaj)
**Ondava (near Cejkov)
**Latorica (near Cejkov)
***Laborec (near Oborin)
****Uzh (near Pavlovce nad Uhom)
****Cirocha (in Humenné)
***Stara
***Vicha
***Kerepets
*Crasna (in Vásárosnamény)
*Someş (near Vásárosnamény)
**Someşul Mic (in Dej)
***Someşul Cald (in Gilău)
***Someşul Rece (in Gilău)
**Someşul Mare (in Dej)
***Şieu (in Beclean)
****Bistriţa (near Bistriţa)
*Tur
*Batár
*Şugătag
*Baia
*Şaroş
*Săpânţa
*Valea Hotarului
*Bicu
*Sarasău
*Valea Iepei
*Iza
**Mara
*Vişeu

## Sources 
* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti
* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971

## References
## Other websites 
* About Tisza
* The Living Tisza (Hungarian)
Paros

**Paros** is a Greek island which belongs in Cyclades group. It is the third largest island in the Cyclades. Its area is 195 square meter and its population is 12,853. The island has got a scheme almost circular. The most largest towns in Paros is Paroikia (or Paros city) and Naoussa.

## Sights-Architecture
The island is very touristic. Every summer many thousands tourists came to Paros. The most of them came from European countries. The island has got beautiful beaches and very beautiful villages. The main feature of the villages of Paros is its important architecture. The houses of the villages has got cubic scheme with intense white colour. The windows and the doors has got an intense colour, usually azure or blue.

## References
## Other websites 
*The website of Paros
Active Worlds

**Active Worlds** (AW) is a 3D virtual reality platform. The "Active Worlds Browser" runs on Windows. Users assign themselves a user name, log into the Active Worlds virtual world universe, and explore 3D virtual worlds and environments that other users have created.  Users can chat with one another or build structures and areas from a selection of objects. AW allows users to own worlds and universes, and develop 3D content.

## Related pages 
*Second Life
*IMVU
Iraklis Thessaloniki FC

**Iraklis** is a Greek football club which is based in Thessaloniki. It is founded in 1908 and it is the most oldest club of Thessaloniki. Iraklis is the third most successful club of Thessaloniki after PAOK and Aris. It has won a Greek cup in 1976. He always plays in the highest professional football league of Greece unless one year. The name of club is the name of ancient Greek hero Hercules, which in Greek is said Iraklis. Its colour is the blue and white.

## Other websites
*Iraklis Thessaloniki FC - Official website
Jim Clark

**Jim** (or **Jimmy**) **Clark** OBE (4 March 1936 – 7 April 1968) was a British Formula One racing driver from Scotland.

He was the dominant driver of his era, winning two World Championships, in 1963 and 1965. At the time of his death, he had won more Grand Prix races (25) and achieved more Grand Prix pole positions (33) than any other driver. He also competed in the Indianapolis 500 five times, and won it once, in 1965.

In 2009, The Times placed Clark at the top of a list of the greatest Formula One drivers.

Clark crashed off the Hockenheimring, Baden-Wuerttemberg, West Germany during a race and died of his injuries on the way to hospital.

## References
Emerson Fittipaldi

**Emerson Fittipaldi** (born December 12, 1946 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a highly successful Brazilian automobile racing driver. He has won championships in both Formula One, and CART. Fittipaldi won the Indianapolis 500 twice.

## Early life
Emerson Fittipaldi was born in São Paulo, Brazil. He is the younger son of prominent Italian-Brazilian motorsports journalist and radio commentator Wilson Fittipaldi Sr and his wife Józefa "Juzy" Wojciechowska, an immigrant from Saint Petersburg, Russia and of Polish and Russian descent.

## References
Antonio Ascari

**Antonio Ascari** (15 September 1888 – 26 July 1925) was an Italian Grand Prix motor racing champion.

## References
## Other websites
*
List of rivers of Connecticut

This is the **List of rivers in Connecticut** (U.S. state), sorted by drainage basin.

All of Connecticut's rivers flow into Long Island Sound. From there, the waters mix into the Atlantic Ocean.

*Pawcatuck River
***Green Fall River
**Shunock River
**Wood River
*Mystic River
**Whitford Brook
*Poquonock River
*Thames River
**Shetucket River
***Little River (Shetucket River)
***Natchaug River
****Fenton River
****Mt. Hope River
****Still River (Natchaug River)
***Quinebaug River
****Blackwell Brook
****Fivemile River (Quinebaug River)
****French River
****Little River (Quinebaug River)
****Moosup River
****Pachaug River
***Willimantic River
****Hop River
*****Skungamaug River
****Tenmile River (Willimantic River)
**Yantic River
*Niantic River
*Fourmile River (Connecticut)
*Threemile River (Connecticut)
*Black Hall River
*Connecticut River
**Deep River (Connecticut River)
**Eightmile River (Connecticut River)
**Falls River (Connecticut River)
**Moodus River
**Salmon River
***Blackledge River
***Jeremy River
**Farmington River
***East Branch Farmington River
***Nepaug River
***Pequabu River
****Pequabuck River
****Poland River 
***West Branch Farmington River
****Still River (Farmington River)
*****Mad River (Still River)
**Hockanum River
***Tankerhoosen River
**Mattabesett River
***Coginchaug River
**Park River (also known as Hog River and Little River)
**Podunk River
**Scantic River
***Watchaug River
*Patchogue River
*Menunketesuck River
*Indian River (Clinton)
*Hammonasset River
*Neck River
*East River (Connecticut)
*West River (Guilford)
*Branford River
*Farm River (Connecticut)
*Quinnipiac River
**Eightmile River (Quinnipiac River)
**Muddy River (Connecticut)
**Tenmile River (Quinnipiac River)
*Mill River
*West River
**Sargent River
*Cove River (Connecticut)
*Oyster River (Connecticut)
*Indian River (Milford)
*Wepawaug River
*Housatonic River
**Blackberry River
***Whiting River
**Halfway River
**Farmill River
**Hollenbeck River
**Konkapot River
**Naugatuck River
***Mad River (Naugatuck River)
**Ten Mile River, Housatonic
**Pomperaug River
***Nonewaug River
***Weekeepeemee River
**Pootatuck River
**Shepaug River
***Bantam River
***Marshepaug River
**Still River
**West Aspetuck River
***East Aspetuck River
*Pequonnock River
*Mill River (Southport)
*Saugatuck River
**Aspetuck River
**Little River (Saugatuck River)
**West Branch Saugatuck River
*Norwalk River
**Silvermine River
*Fivemile River (Connecticut)
*Noroton River
*Rippowam River
**Mill River (Rippowam River)
*Mianus River
*Byram River
**Hudson River (New York)*
***Croton River (New York)*
***Titicus River

## References
*
*
Ghirlandaio

**Ghirlandaio** is the surname of a family of the Renaissance Italian painters:
* Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494), Michelangelo's teacher
* Davide Ghirlandaio (1452–1525), younger brother of Domenico
* Benedetto Ghirlandaio (1458–1497), younger brother of Domenico and Davide
* Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (1483–1561), son of Domenico
Pietro Perugino

**Pietro Perugino** (1446–1524) was a leading Italian painter of the Umbrian school. He developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. He was born as *Pietro Vannucci* in Città della Pieve. Perugino also was one of Raphael's teachers.

## Related pages
* Italian Renaissance art
* List of Italian painters
Mike Hawthorn

**John Michael Hawthorn** (10 April 1929 – 22 January 1959) was a racing driver, born in Mexborough, Yorkshire, England, and educated at Ardingly College, West Sussex.

On 22 January 1959, only three months into his retirement, Hawthorn died in a car accident on the A3 Guildford bypass. He drove his modified 1958 Jaguar 3.4-litre saloon (now known as the 3.4 Mk 1) VDU 881 to London. The precise cause of the accident is unknown.

The accident occurred on a notoriously dangerous section of the road, the scene of 15 serious accidents (two fatal) in the previous two years. The road was also wet at the time. Driving at speed (one witness estimated 80 m.p.h.), Hawthorn overtook a Mercedes-Benz 300SL 'gull-wing' sports car driven by an acquaintance, the motor racing team manager Rob Walker. On entering a right-hand bend shortly after passing the Mercedes, Hawthorn clipped a 'Keep Left' bollard dividing the two carriageways, causing him to lose control..

## References
White-tailed starfrontlet

The **white-tailed starfrontlet** (*Coeligena phalerata*) is a species of hummingbird. It is found only in Colombia. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## References
* BirdLife International 2004.  Coeligena phalerata.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 10 July 2007.
Niki Lauda

**Andreas Nikolaus** "**Niki**" **Lauda** (22 February 1949 – 20 May 2019) was an Austrian Formula One driver. He was a three-time F1 World Drivers' Champion, winning in ,  and . He was also an aviator, entrepreneur and writer. He has founded and run two airlines and was manager of the Jaguar Formula One racing team for two years. In February 2018, Toto Wolff and Niki Lauda signed a deal at Mercedes until 2020.

Lauda died after a period of ill health on 20 May 2019 in Zürich. He was 70.

Niki Lauda raced in the 1973 F1 season as a member of the British racing motors team.in 1974 he signed with the prestigious pransing horse Scuderia Ferrari team and gathered his first career F1 victory  (as well as an additional win), finishing the season in fourth place. The 1975 racing season is one of the most storid in F1 history. Through nine races, Lauda had 5 victories and more than twice as many points in the championship standings as his closest competitor. Lauda tried to get the other drivers to agree to boycott the 10th race of the season, the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, but Lauda lost and the race went ahead. On the second lap of the German Grand Prix Lauda crashed and his car went on fire.

First Race:1971 Austrian F1 GP

Last Race: 1985 Austrian F1 GP 

First Win: 1974 Spanish F1 GP

Last Win: 1995 Dutch F1 GP

## References
Thankful (Kelly Clarkson album)

***Thankful*** is the first album by American singer Kelly Clarkson, released in the United States by RCA Records on April 15, 2003. She originally had the release set for fall 2002 but got pushed back due to her busy schedule. "A Moment Like This" was the first single from the album to be released, followed by "Miss Independent", "Low", and "The Trouble with Love Is".

*Thankful* contained two cover tracks, "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" by Aretha Franklin and "Just Missed the Train" by Danielle Brisebois. *Thankful* has sold 2.73 million copies in the United States and was certified platinum in Canada for selling over 100,000 copies.

## Track listing 
## References
List of rivers of the Americas

The following is a list of **rivers of the Americas**, and includes all the major rivers of the Americas:

## North America
*Alsek - Canada/United States
*Colorado - United States / Mexico
*Columbia - Canada/United States
**Okanagan - Canada/United States
**Kettle - Canada
**Pend Oreille - United States
**Kootenay - Canada/United States
**Canoe - Canada
**Kicking Horse - Canada
*Dean - Canada
*Fraser - Canada
**Pitt - Canada
**Thompson - Canada
**Chilcotin - Canada
**Quesnel - Canada
**Nechako - Canada
*Liard - Canada
*Mackenzie - Canada
**Peace - Canada
*Mississippi - United States
*Missouri -United States
*Nass - Canada
*Ohio - United States
*Rio Grande - Mexico/United States
*Sacramento - United States
*Saskatchewan - Canada
*Skagit - Canada/United States
*Skeena - Canada
**Babine - Canada
**Bulkley - Canada
**Morice - Canada
**Kitwanga - Canada
**Zymoetz - Canada
*Squamish - Canada
*St. Lawrence - Canada
*Yukon - Canada/United States

## Central America
*Escondido - Nicaragua
*Grande de Matagalpa - Nicaragua
*Patuca - Honduras
*San Juan - Nicaragua
*Usumacinta - Mexico, Guatemala
*Cahabón - Guatemala
*Cahaboncito - Guatemala
*Lankin - Guatemala
*Nahualate - Guatemala
*Los Esclavos - Guatemala
*Rio Dulce - Guatemala
*Reventazón River - Costa Rica
*Tárcoles River - Costa Rica
*Tempisque River - Costa Rica

## South America
*Aconcagua - Chile
*Amazon - Ecuador. Perú, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil
**Madeira - Brazil
**Rio Negro - Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil
**Tocantins - Brazil
*Apure - Venezuela
*Atrato - Colombia
*Bío-Bío - Chile
**Malleco - Chile
*Caroní - Venezuela
*Cautín - Chile
*Chubut - Argentina
*Colorado - Argentina
*Elqui - Chile
*Essequibo - Guyana
*Itata - Chile
**Ñuble - Chile
*Loa - Chile
*Magdalena - Colombia
*Maipo - Chile
**Mapocho - Chile
*Maule - Chile
**Loncomilla - Chile
***Achibueno - Chile
****Ancoa - Chile
***Longaví - Chile
***Perquilauquén - Chile
****Purapel - Chile
***Putagán - Chile
**Melado - Chile
*Maullín - Chile
*Maroni - Suriname, French Guiana
*Orinoco - Colombia, Venezuela
**Apure - Venezuela
**Arauca - Colombia, Venezuela
**Meta - Colombia, Venezuela
**Guaviare - Colombia
*Parnaiba - Brazil
*Rapel - Chile
*Reñihue - Chile
*Río Bueno - Chile
**Rahue - Chile
***Damas - Chile
*Río de la Plata It is not really a river but the lower stretch of the Paraná and the estuary that forms after its confluence with the Uruguay
**Paraná - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
**Uruguay - Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
*Palena - Chile
*Petrohué - Chile
*Puelo - Chile
*São Francisco - Brazil
*Toltén - Chile
**Trancura - Chile
*Valdivia - Chile
**Calle-Calle - Chile
***San Pedro - Chile
****Enco - Chile
*****Llanquihue - Chile
******Huahum - Chile, Argentina
*******Chapelco - Argentina
******Liquiñe - Chile 
**Cau-Cau - Chile
**Cruces - Chile
**Cutipay - Chile
**Futa - Chile
*Yelcho - Chile
**Futaleufú - Chile
Louis Chiron

]]
**Louis Alexandre Chiron** (born 3 August 1899  in Monte Carlo, Monaco – died there on 22 June 1979) was a Grand Prix driver.
Christian Gentner

**Christian Gentner** (born 14 August 1985 in Nürtingen, Baden-Württemberg) is a German footballer.

## Career 
Gentner won the German Under-19 Championship with VfB Stuttgart in 2003. For the 2004-05 season he came to Stuttgart's second senior team. On 20 February 2005 he played his first Bundesliga match for Stuttgart. In the 2006-07 Bundesliga season they won the German Championship.

In summer 2007 he came to VfL Wolfsburg where he won his second German Championship in 2009. He came back to Stuttgart after the 2009-10 season. 

In 2009 Gentner joined the Germany national football team for a trip to Asia and played his first international match against China PR national team on 29 May 2009.

## Other websites 
* Christian Gentner on fussballdaten.de (in German)
Vector subspace

A **vector subspace** is a vector space that is a subset of another vector space. This means that all the properties of a vector space are satisfied.
Let *W* be a non empty subset of a vector space *V*, then, *W* is a vector subspace if and only if the next 3 conditions are satisfied:
# **additive identity** – the element 0 is an element of *W*: 0 ∈ *W*
# **closed under addition** – if *x* and *y* are elements of *W*, then *x* + *y* is also in *W*: *x*, *y* ∈ *W* implies *x* + *y* ∈ *W*
# **closed under scalar multiplication** – if *c* is an element of a field **K** and *x* is in *W*, then *cx* is in *W*: *c* ∈ **K** and *x* ∈ *W* implies *cx* ∈ *W*.
If W_1 and W_2 are subspaces of a vector space V, then the sum and the direct sum of W_1 and W_2, denoted respectively by W_1 + W_2 and W_1 \oplus W_2, are subspaces as well.

## Related pages 
* Parallel projection

## References
Apocalypse

An **apocalypse**  is a revelation: seeing something which has been hidden. It comes from the Greek word, *Apokálypsis*, which means "lifting of the veil", or finding out something secret. Often this secret is discovered in a dream or a vision. When used in everyday speech, it usually means “the end of the world”, based off of its religious use. 

In religion, the word describes Armageddon (the end of the world). This might have come from the Greek words, *apokalupsis eschaton*, meaning all the secrets will be discovered "at the end of the æon, or age". In Christianity *The Apocalypse of John* is the Book of Revelation, the last book of the Bible. It describes the end of the world, and the second coming of Jesus Christ.
Peter Gabriel

**Peter Brian Gabriel** (born 13 February 1950) is an English singer and songwriter. He became famous as the singer and flute player in the progressive rock group Genesis. After leaving Genesis, Gabriel went on to a successful solo career. More recently he has spent his time on producing and promoting world music and pioneering digital distribution methods for music. He has also been involved in various humanitarian efforts. Gabriel was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2009. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010 with the group Genesis and again as a solo  artist in 2014.

## Discography
* *From Genesis to Revelation* (1969) - with Genesis
* *Trespass* (1970) - with Genesis
* *Nursery Cryme* (1971) - with Genesis
* *Foxtrot* (1972) - with Genesis
* *Selling England by the Pound* (1973) - with Genesis
* *The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway* (1974) - with Genesis
* *Peter Gabriel (Car)* (1977)
* *Peter Gabriel (Scratch)* (1978)
* *Peter Gabriel (Melt)* (1980)
* *Peter Gabriel (Security)* (1982)
* *Birdy* (1985)
* *So* (1986)
* *Passion* (1989)
* *Us* (1992)
* *OVO* (2000)
* *Long Walk Home* (2002)
* *Up* (2002)
* *Scratch My Back* (2010)
* *New Blood* (2011)
* *i/o* (2023)
* *o/i* (2026)

## References
Zakynthos

**Zakynthos** (or *Zante*) is a Greek island. It is the third largest island in the Ionian Sea. It is in the south Ionian Sea, west of the Peloponnese. Zakynthos' total population amounts to 41,472 inhabitants. The largest town of Zakynthos is Zakynthos city. Zakynthos is mostly flat island, with an area of 410 square kilometres.To the north of the island, there are low mountains and hills. 

## Sights and tourism
Zakynthos is a very touristic island. Most tourists who visit the island come from Western Europe, mainly Italy and England. The most popular part of island is the southern part. The island has many beautiful beaches, the most famous including the Navagio (shipwreck) and the beach of Laganas. The Mediterranean turtle lives in and around Zakynthos. It is also called *careta careta*. This species is very rare and it is a threatened species.

## Notable people
The Greek-Italian poet Ugo Foscolo was born in Zakynthos and he wrote a sonnet for the island, titled "".

## References
Venezuelan sylph

The **Venezuelan sylph** (*Aglaiocercus berlepschi*) is a species of hummingbird.  It is  to a small area of north-eastern Venezuela and is classed as an endangered species by BirdLife International. It is sometimes thought to be a subspecies of the Long-tailed Sylph (A. kingi).

The male is 22 centimeters in length with the elongated outer tail-feathers accounting for 14-15 centimeters. Its color is mostly  green. The throat is blue and the outer tail-feathers are violet, becoming blue towards the tips. The female is 9.5-11 centimeters long. The tail is shorter than that of the male but still fairly long and slightly forked. Females have a blue crown and white throat, breast and belly.

The Long-tailed Sylph is almost the same in color but does not overlap in range. Males of the subspecies *caudatus* have a mostly blue tail and no blue throat patch, while males of the subspecies *margarethae* have green tips to the tail-feathers. Females have a rufous breast and belly.

## References
* (2007) *Species factsheet: Aglaiocercus berlepschi.*  Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 16/9/2007.
* (1978) *A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela*, Princeton University Press.

## Other websites
*BirdLife Species Factsheet.
*Photograph of a Venezuelan Sylph
Serdar Tasci

**Serdar Taşçı** (born 24 April 1987) is a German former footballer. 

## Career 
Serdar Taşçı played for SC Altbach and the Stuttgarter Kickers until he came to the youth teams of VfB Stuttgart in 1999. In 2005 he played his first matches for the second senior team, and on 20 August 2006 he had his first Bundesliga match. He won the German Championship with Stuttgart in the 2006-07 Bundesliga season. 

As a child of a Turkish family, he had also the chance to play for the Turkish national football team, but went to the German team instead. On 20 August 2008 he played his first international match against Belgium. 

## Career statistics
### Club
*1.Includes DFB-Pokal and Russian Cup.
*2.Includes UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup/Europa League.

### International
**Bayern Munich**
* Bundesliga: 2015–16
* DFB-Pokal: 2015–16

**Spartak Moscow**
* Russian Premier League: 2016–17
* Russian Super Cup: 2017

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Aristarchus (crater)

.]]
**Aristarchus** is a large  crater on the Moon's surface. It is 40 kilometers large in diameter and can be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The crater was named after the Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos.
Mansfield Park (novel)

***Mansfield Park*** is the third novel by iconic English author Jane Austen. Published in 1814, it was the most successful during her lifetime.  

## Plot
*Mansfield Park* is about a poor young girl named Fanny Price.

Born in Portsmouth, Fanny's mother has two sisters, one of whom has married Sir Thomas Bertram of Mansfield Park miles away and the other lives in a cottage on the grounds of Mansfield.  This other sister, in an attempt to show off her own sense of self-importance and charity, offers to take one of her poor sister's children off her hands, and persuades Sir Thomas that Fanny could be her assistant in helping with the daily running of Mansfield and so should live there too.

At Mansfield Park, Fanny grows up with her cousins Tom, Maria, Julia and Edmund Bertram. Only Edmund is kind to her. As they grow up, Edmund's kindness to Fanny makes her fall in love with him.

However, when Fanny's uncle goes away for business, Mary Crawford and her brother Henry come to the neighborhood. Henry flirts with the Misses Bertram, making them fall in love with him, even though Maria is already engaged to a Mr. Rushworth. Mary and Edmund fall in love with each other, much to Fanny's surprise and sadness, but Mary wants Edmund to become rich and not be a clergyman. They put on a play called *Lovers Vows* that Fanny does not think Sir Thomas would like, so she does not join in. Just as they are trying to make her act, Sir Thomas returns home.

Henry Crawford goes away, and Maria, angry and proud, quickly marries Mr. Rushworth, even though she does not love him. Henry Crawford falls really in love with Fanny, and proposes to her, but she says no. Sir Thomas gives Fanny the ultimatum of marry Mr Crawford or go back to her parents.  Choosing to see her family again she is unhappy to see how coarse and vulgar they are.

While she is there, she finds out in a newspaper that Maria has run away with Henry Crawford. Fanny is very shocked and unhappy. Edmund comes to ask Fanny to come back to Mansfield to nurse a sick Tom. He tells Fanny that he was shocked that Mary Crawford only thought Maria and Henry were silly for being found out, and that the act of adultery was not bad. He expresses he has finally realised he has always loved Fanny, and they marry.

## Other websites
*
**Mansfield Park* Free audio book at LibriVox
**Mansfield Park* Complete text with audio and language translations.
**Mansfield Park* free ebook in PDF, PDB and LIT formats
*Selected quotes from *Mansfield Park* 
*Mansfield Park Map 
**Mansfield Park*  study guide, themes, quotes, literary devices, & teacher guide
Barossa Valley

The **Barossa Valley** is in South Australia. It is found about  north-east of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. The Barossa Valley is famous for making wine and because of this it often has many tourists. The three main towns in the region are Nuriootpa, Tanunda and Angaston.

## History 
The Barossa Valley was named in 1837 by a surveyor called Colonel William Light. It was meant to be named Barrosa, named after the town in Spain, but a mistake was made and it ended up being spelt Barossa.

The first place to be settled was Bethany in 1842 by people from both England and Germany. Most of the people to first arrive were from Germany and because of this the Barossa Valley has lots of German heritage. Soon after Bethany was established other towns were made. the next group of town to be created were: Angaston, Krondorf, Ebenezer, Penrice, Light Pass and Langmeil.

The year after the first town was made, churches stared being built. These were all Christian churches and most were Lutheran. The Christian lifestyle is still around the Barossa Valley today with lots of churches still around, although many are not Lutheran.

## People 
There are about 20 000 people who live in the Barossa Valley. Most of these people live in Tanunda, Nuriootpa, Angaston, Williamstown and Lyndoch, each having more than 1000 people. A few smaller towns such as Moculta and Springton are in the Barossa Valley too and all the town are a part of the Barossa Local Government which is more commonly called the Barossa Council.

Most people in the area still call themselves Lutherans. This has caused many towns to have two or more Lutheran churches. For example, Tanunda has four, Nuriootpa has two and Angaston has two. Each town with more than 1000 people, not including Williamstown, has a Lutheran Primary School and Tanunda has a Lutheran Secondary School.

The number of people in all of the biggest towns is listed below.

## Wine 
The Barossa Valley is called ''‘Australia's most famous wine region’'' by lots of people. There are about 150 wineries in the Barossa Valley. Some of the wineries are very famous both in Australia and overseas. The famous wineries include: Wolf Blass, Penfolds, Yalumba and Peter Lehmann Wines. The two secondary schools in the area both have wineries. Nuriootpa High School owns a winery called Barossa Class Wines (more commonly known as Nurrihannam Wines) and Faith Lutheran School owns a winery called Mengler View Wines.

## Vintage Festival 
Every two years this festival is held in the Barossa Valley to celebrate the vintage. Vintage is the time between grapes been picked and then turned into wine. The vintage festival lasts for 9 days and on each day many events take place.

The most popular of all the events is the parade. This is where different companies and groups gather a few volunteers who parade from the main street in Nuriootpa through to the main street in Tanunda. Many groups choose to give out free gifts, such as lollies and stickers.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Barossa Vintage Festival Site
Art history

**Art history** is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contents; that is genre, design, format, and style. The study includes painting, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, furniture and other decorative objects. An **art historian** is a person who studies the history of art, and then writes about it or teaches about it so that other people can learn about this subject as well.

The first person to become an art historian was Giorgio Vasari. He lived in Florence during the Renaissance, at a time when there were many famous artists alive. Vasari was an artist himself. He decided to write down all the stories that were told in Florence about the many different artists who had made the city famous. He included biographies of several other artists from Northern Italy as well. When all the information was collected and the biographies written, he published them in 1568 in a book called *Lives of the Artists*. Because of this book, art students today have a lot of information about artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Titian and their works.

## References
## Related pages
*Aesthetics
*Art critic
*Christian art
Dugong

The **dugong** (*Dugong dugon*) is a large mammal that lives its whole life in the sea. 

They are sometimes called "sea cows" as they eat large amounts of sea grass. They live in warm,  areas where the sea grass grows. This area includes the north coast of Australia, and in other countries in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. They are greyto brown in color. They have a tail with flukes, like a whale, and flippers. They do not have a dorsal fin like a shark. They have a wide flat nose, small eyes, and small ears. Scientists believe that dugongs move long distances for several reasons. They may be looking for food, as cyclones or floods can affect the seagrass. Males may be following females, or looking for their own territory. If the water gets cold, less than 17 degrees Centigrade, they will travel to warmer areas. 

Because of their size, the only other species to attack dugongs are sharks, the Saltwater Crocodile and killer whales.

## References
Shawnee Park

**Shawnee Park** is a park in Louisville, Kentucky.  It was created by Frederick Law Olmsted, who made 18 of the city's 123 public parks. Along with the rest of the city's Olmsted-designed park system, Shawnee Park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## History
Shawnee Park was first planned in 1890 to be one of the free flagship parks in Louisville's new park system. All three were found on the geographic edges of the city. In Shawnee's case, it was the western edge bordering the Ohio River. The land at the time was still mostly used for truck farms, but it was clear residential development was imminent even without the park. Shawnee was the slowest of the parks to create, as much of the land was already owned by investors who thought they could increase the sale price by holding out.

The city had to force owners to sell the properties to obtain the land for the park, and won the case in 1895. In 1896, the city started to create access to the park, another area in which Shawnee was behind the other two parks. River Park Drive was laid out in 1899, but the Broadway entrance remained unfinished until 1914.

All three parks had the intended effect of spurring residential development near them. The interest was so great that developers found themselves promoting the parks rather than their own developments, as the highest prices would exist for the park perceived to be best. Dozens of subdivisions were built near Shawnee Park, and the neighborhood itself came to be called Shawnee.

Shawnee Park allowed access only to whites from 1924 to 1954, although park officials and police had a de facto policy of not allowing blacks access to the park for some years prior to that. The only park blacks were allowed access to was nearby Chickasaw Park, which many people entered by traveling through Shawnee.

## Features
### Great Lawn
Although now overshadowed by the Louisville Waterfront Park, Shawnee boasts an expansive Great Lawn which is very useful for formal gatherings.  The Great Lawn, the principal feature of the park, is enclosed by plantings and a circular drive that is lined with trees.

### Riverwalk Trail
Louisville's Riverwalk Trail, which passes through Shawnee Park, extends across Louisville's waterfront, which is an extensive, mostly flat pedestrian pathway. The one-way distance between the Belvedere and Shawnee Park is 6.2 miles.

## References
## Other websites
*Metro Parks page 
*Satellite image of Shawnee Park
Disk image

A **disk image** is a single computer file containing the complete contents of a device that contains data, such as a hard drive, tape drives, floppy disk, CD, DVD, BD, and key drive. 

A disk image file (or simply a disk image) is an exact binary copy of an entire disk or drive. Disk image files contain all the data stored on the source drive including not only its files and folders but also its boot sectors, file allocation tables, volume attributes and any other system-specific data. A disk image is not a collection of files or folders but is an exact duplicate of the raw data of the original disk, sector by sector.
R-Drive Image

**R-Drive Image** is a disk disk cloning and system backup computer program. The program is developed and distributed by R-Tools Technology Inc., and intended for home and corporate users.

## File format
R-Drive Image uses a closed file format with the .rdi extension and an open format VMDK.

## Related pages
*Disk cloning
*List of disk cloning software

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
*Reviews: Techradar: R-Drive Image review, PC World: The best Windows backup software, http://www.pcworld.com/downloads/file/fid,27235-order,1-page,1/description.html , http://disk-imaging-software-review.toptenreviews.com/r-drive-image-review.html , http://www.reviewsaurus.com/software-reviews/r-drive-image-hard-disk-cloning-software/ , http://www.sharewareconnection.com/r-drive-image.htm
Parnitha

**Parnitha** is a mountain of Greece. It is in the south of Greece, in Attica peninsula. This mountain is the highest mountain in Attica, 1,413 meters high. The mountain is covered by dense vegetation. In the lower points is covered by Pine forests and in the higher points by Greek-fir forests. In the summer of 2007 a big part of forest was burnt because of a destructive wildfire.

## References
Christian Träsch

**Christian Träsch** (born 1 September 1987 in Ingolstadt, Bavaria) is a German former footballer.

## Career 
Träsch came to the youth teams of TSV 1860 Munich in 2003. He played for their second senior team in the Regionalliga in 2006 and 2007. In 2007 he came to the second team of VfB Stuttgart, and on 3 February 2008 he played his first match in Stuttgart's Bundesliga team. 

Träsch joined the German national football team for a trip to Asia in 2009 and played his first international match against the United Arab Emirates on 2 June 2009.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**1860 Munich**
* Under 17 Bundesliga: 2005–06

**VfL Wolfsburg**
* DFB-Pokal: 2014–15
* DFL-Supercup: 2015

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
Jeffrey Dahmer

**Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer** (May 21, 1960 – November 28, 1994) was an American serial killer. He was born in Wisconsin and moved to Ohio in 1966. He murdered 17 men in Wisconsin and Ohio from 1978-1991. In 1992, he was convicted of 15 murders. Dahmer later confessed to 17 murders in all, dating back to his first victim in 1978. The jury rejected Dahmer's insanity defense, and he was sentenced to 15 life terms (life imprisonment is the maximum penalty that Wisconsin has, but not Ohio, which has the death penalty). He was beaten to death with workout equipment by another inmate, Christopher Scarver, who had been jailed for murder, on the morning of November 28, 1994.  Scarver also killed another inmate, Jesse Anderson, at the same time with the workout equipment. Anderson had been jailed for murder as well. They had all been working out together.

Dahmer was diagnosed with three personality disorders: antisocial, borderline, and schizotypal.

## References
Helix

plant, also a helix]]
In math, a **helix** is a curve in three dimensions. It looks a bit like a spiral. Each helix has a line called its axis. The helix has a constant angle to this line. Helices are often seen in nature and the sciences.
The Cartoon Cartoon Show

***The Cartoon Cartoon Show*** (also known as *What a Cartoon!*) is the programming block that airs 15 Cartoon Cartoons on Cartoon Network. The block began airing in 2005 and has appeared on weekends at 8AM and 12PM ever since. The block also appears on weekdays at 2PM.
Theory of everything

The basic concept of the **theory of everything** is that one theory could explain every aspect of physics.  The four basic forces of nature are gravity, the strong force, the weak force, and the electromagnetic force; the theory of general relativity explains gravity, and quantum mechanics explains the other three forces. Right now, no one theory that everyone accepts can explain all four forces.

String theory is a theory that could become the "theory of everything".

## Unified field theory 
**Unified field theory** is a hope for a theory of fields in physics that will explain all natural phenomena. Theories in physics can be very different and even disagree with each other. This is true for example for quantum mechanics (the science of very small things) and general relativity (the science of space and time). The goal of unified field theory is to take all the different parts of physics and combine them into one theory that explains everything. The Standard Model comes close to a unified field theory, combining everything except general relativity.

## References
KISS principle

The **KISS principle** is "**Keep It Simple, Stupid**". It is an acronym, with the letters KISS making the beginnings of the important words. It was used as a principle for design by the U.S. Navy in 1960. The phrase is said to have been first used by Kelly Johnson, lead engineer at the Lockheed Skunk Works.

There are several variations of the phrase, such as "Keep it short and simple".

## Related pages
*Occam's razor

## References
Tokyo Metro

The  is one of two rapid transit systems making up the Tokyo subway system, the other being Toei.

## Lines
*Note:* Including the 8.3&nbsp;km stretch between Wakoshi and Kotake-mukaihara shared with Yurakucho Line.

## References
Mykonos

**Mykonos** is a very touristic Greek island. It belongs to Cyclades. It is in the north of Cyclades, near Syros and Tinos islands. The area of the island is 85 square kilometres. 9,320 people live there. Most of them work in the tourist industry. The island is famous mainly for its nightlife. Also, the island has many beautiful beaches, with yellow sand. Along the beaches there are bars and cafes, so the entertainment continues during day. The island has two main settlements. Chora, the capital of the island, is in the west and Ano Mera, the second settlement is in the center.

## Sights
Mykonos' houses have got the distinguished  Cycladic architecture. The houses have a cubic scheme, with wooden windows, and doors, painted usually with intense colours. The alleys are painted with lime, so they have a bright white colour. Mykonos is very close to the islet Delos. Delos was very important in antiquity. It was the center of Delian League, the leaders of which were ancient Athenians. In Delos there was an important sanctuary for Apollon, one of twelve Greek gods. Delos today is a very important archaeological site and the visitors go there from Mykonos. Mykonos has many old traditional windmills, which are everywhere on the island

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the Municipality of Mykonos
* Mykonos Travel Guide