open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rail transport in Hungary

**Rail transport in Hungary** is mainly owned by the national rail company MÁV, with part of the network owned and operated by GySEV.

The railway network is 7,893&nbsp;km, its gauge is  and 3,060&nbsp;km is electrified.

Hungary is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC country code for Hungary is 55.

## Statistics 
* Railway lines total: 
** Standard gauge: 
** Broad gauge:  of 
** Narrow gauge: 

The standard and broad gauge railways are operated by the State Railways and also the following narrow gauge railways: Nyíregyháza&ndash;Balsai Tisza part/Dombrád; Balatonfenyves&ndash;Somogyszentpál; Kecskemét&ndash;Kiskunmajsa/Kiskőrös and the Children's Railway in Budapest. All the other narrow gauge railways are run by State Forest companies or local non-profit organisations.  

## References
Hungarian State Railways

**Hungarian State Railways** () is the Hungarian national railway company, with divisions "MÁV START Zrt." (passenger services), and "Utasellátó" (onboard catering). The head office is in Budapest.

## History
Construction of Hungary's first railway line began in the second half of 1844. The first steam locomotive railway line was opened on 15 July 1846 between Pest and Vác. 

By 1910 MÁV was one of the largest European railway companies.

In the 2010s Hungary received large EU funds to modernize its rail network.

 in Budapest.]]

## References
Rail transport in Italy

The **Italian railway system** has a total length of  of which active lines are 16,723&nbsp;km.

Lines are divided into 3 categories: 
**fundamental lines* , which have high traffic and good infrastructure quality. These are the main lines between major cities throughout the country. Fundamental lines are  long;
**complementary lines* , which have less traffic and are responsible for connecting medium or small regional centers. Most of these lines are single track and some are not electrified;
**node lines* , which link complementary and fundamental lines near metropolitan areas for a total .

A major part of the Italian rail network is managed and operated by *Rete Ferroviaria Italiana*. Other regional agencies, mostly owned by public entities such as regional governments, operate on the Italian network.

Travellers who often make use of the railway during their stay in Italy might use Rail Passes, such as the European Interrail or Italy's national and regional passes. These rail passes allow travellers to use regional trains without paying during the validity period, but all high-speed and intercity trains require a 10-euro reservation fee. Regional passes, such as "Io viaggio ovunque Lombardia", offer one-day, multiple-day and monthly period of validity. There are also saver passes for adults, who travel as a group, with savings up to 20%. Foreign travellers should purchase these passes in advance, so that the passes can be delivered by post prior to the trip. When using the rail passes, the date of travel needs to be filled in before boarding the trains.
's railroad network]]

## References
Rail transport in Bulgaria

**Rail transport in Bulgaria** services are operated by the Bulgarian State Railways. The infrastructure is owned by National Railway Infrastructure Company. 

## History
The Ruse – Pliska - Varna, the first Bulgarian railway line, was started in 1864. The Ottoman government had contracted an English company to build it. The line, which was 223&nbsp;km long, was opened in 1866.

In 1870 Baron Maurice de Hirsch started building the Constantinople – Luleburgaz - Edirne - Svilengrad - Plovdiv - Pazardzhik - Belovo railway line. It was completed three years later.

In 1885, the National Assembly passed the Railway Act. Railways in Bulgaria were considered state property and were to be operated by the state. In 1888 Stefan Stambolov's government took over the Vakarel – Belovo railway line. It was built and previously operated by Vitalis. On 1 August, the whole of the Tsaribrod (now Dimitrovgrad, Serbia) – Sofia – Belovo railway line was opened for international traffic. The state bought the Ruse – Varna railway line and started operating it on 10 August. The Bulgarian State Railways were set up. An independent Ministry of Railways, Post Offices and Telegraphs was established in 1912, followed by the State Railway School in 1923.

The scenic Septemvri-Dobrinishte narrow gauge line was finished in 1945. It goes through the station of Avramovo, which is the highest railway station on the Balkans at 1267.4 meters. Further on, it passes through the tourist centre of Bansko. The line is 760mm gauge, unelectrified, and is primarily served by diesel locomotives. There are also well preserved steam locomotives that run tours. Even though it is very attractive to tourists, it is also widely used by the local people.

## References
Budapest Keleti station

**Budapest Keleti station** (; "eastern railway station") is the main international and inter-city railway terminal in Budapest, Hungary.

The station stands where Rákóczi Avenue splits to become Kerepesi Avenue and Thököly Avenue. Its name in 1891 originates not only from its position as the easternmost of the city's rail termini, but for its original role as a terminus of the lines from eastern Hungary including Transylvania, and the Balkans. In contrast, the Nyugati (western) railway station used to serve lines toward Vienna and Paris.

## Architecture
The building was designed in eclectic style by Gyula Rochlitz and János Feketeházy and built between 1881 and 1884.  The main façade has two statues depicting James Watt and George Stephenson.  Inside the station are frescos by Karoly Lotz.

Budapest Keleti has seven platforms serving thirteen tracks.

## References
Bulgarian State Railways

**Bulgarian State Railways** is Bulgaria's state railway company and the largest railway carrier in the country, established in 1888. The company's headquarters are  in the capital Sofia. Since the 1990s the BDŽ has met serious competition from automotive transport. Up to 2002 the company also owned/managed the state railway (up to  total of  &  (Septemvri to Dobrinishte only) track gauge railway tracks) infrastructure in the country. EU regulations required a new state company, the National Railway Infrastructure Company, to be owner of the infrastructure.

Bulgaria is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Bulgaria is 52.

## References
Sofia Central Station

The **Sofia Central Railway Station** is the main passenger railway station of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It is the largest railway station in the country. It is l1&nbsp;km north of the city centre after Lavov most, on Marie Louise Boulevard next to the Central Bus Station Sofia. It was completely renovated in 2016.

## History
The original building of the **Sofia Railway Station** was opened on 1 August 1888 to serve the Tsaribrod-Sofia-Vakarel line. It was the first line of the Bulgarian State Railways entirely built by Bulgarian engineers. It was a one-storey building, 96 m long and 12 m wide. It had a small clock tower looking towards Vitosha on the façade. 

The old building was completely demolished on 15 April 1974.  A new brutalist Central Railway Station had begun in 1971.  It has two underground and three overground storeys and 365 premises. It was built of mainly white marble.  It was renovated again in 2016.

Between January and July 2004 the Central Railway Station in Sofia served 2,323,844 passengers. That was 11.8% of all passengers in the country's railway network. An average 10,910 people pass through the station daily. An average of 84 trains arrive and 82 depart. The station has 30 ticket offices and 5 electronic timetable displays.

## References
Varna railway station

.]]
**Varna railway station** serves the Black Sea city and municipality of Varna, the third biggest city in Bulgaria.

## History
The station is one of the oldest in Bulgaria.  The station building was built between 1908 and 1925, when it was opened officially by Tsar Boris III. The city of Varna has had a railway station since October 26, 1866, when the Varna-Rousse railway line was opened. 

## References
Ruse Central railway station

**Ruse Central railway station** is the main station serving the city and municipality of Ruse, the fifth most populous city in Bulgaria. It is next to the Danube River.

It was the first station built in what is now Bulgaria, in 1866. It was the end of  the Ruse - Varna railway.  In 1966, the National Museum of Transport and Communications was opened in the former Ruse-East railway station , and the tracks were used for the outdoor exhibition. 

After the opening of the Danube Bridge in 1954, a new grand Stalinist Central Railway Station was planned for the city of Ruse. The new station opened in late 1955. It is the biggest on the Balkan peninsula. It has three platforms, with four tracks and one passing track. 

It is a transport hub, with trains to Gorna Oryahovitsa (mostly), to Sofia, Varna, Samuil, and Burgas seasonally, as well as Bucharest and Istanbul internationally. The station serves as a border checkpoint for trains crossing into Romania by the Danube Bridge.

## References
München Hauptbahnhof

**München Hauptbahnhof** or **Munich Central Station** is the main railway station in the city of Munich, Germany. It is one of the three stations with long-distance services in Munich, the others being Munich East station (*München Ost*) and Munich-Pasing station (*München-Pasing*). München Hauptbahnhof has about 450,000 passengers a day, which puts it on par with other large stations in Germany, such as Hamburg Hauptbahnhof and Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 1 station, one of 21 in Germany and two in Munich, the other being *München Ost*. The mainline station is a terminal station with 32 platforms. The subterranean S-Bahn with 2 platforms and U-Bahn stations with 6 platforms are through stations.

The station is bordered to the north by Arnulfstraße and to the west by Paul-Heyse-Straße, which passes through a tunnel near the end of the platforms. The station is bordered to the south by Bayerstraße. The station precinct extends some distance to the west and ends at Donnersbergerbrücke.

## Reconstruction 
The proposal for an extensive reconstruction project of Hauptbahnhof was launched in 2015 with planning approved in 2017 and 2018.  It should be finished by 2028.

## References
Rudolf Rupec

**Rudolf Rupec** (17 September 1895 or 17 November 1896 – 1 July 1983) was a Croatian footballer. He played for SK Rapid Wien and HŠK Građanski Zagreb. He played for the national teams of Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He also played at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics. 
## Career 
He began his career at SK Rapid Wien  from 1913 to 1920. With Rapid he won the championship four times and once the cup. In 1920 he went to the Croatian team HŠK Građanski Zagreb. He played with the club until the end of his career in 1928. With the club he won the national championship of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1923 and 1926. 
## International 
In the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Empire he played ten matches for the Austria national football team. Rupec was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia's first national team. He played nine matches for them. He  played at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.  His final game was in May 1924 in the Olympic Games match against Uruguay.
## International statistics
;Austria

;Yugoslavia

## Manager 
He later coached HAŠK Zagreb. He won the championship in 1938.  

## Honours 
* Austrian football championː 1915–16, 1916–17, 1918–19, 1919–20
* Austrian Cupː 1918–19

## References
Mama's Song

"'''Mama's Song'*" is a song by American singer Carrie Underwood from her third studio album, *Play On'' (2009).

## Music video
The music video for "Mama's Song" was directed by Shaun Silva.

It premiered on VEVO on September 24, 2010.

The video peaked at number 1 on CMT's *Top Twenty Countdown* for two consecutive weeks in November 2010.

## References
Tora Bora Military Front

The **Tora Bora Military Front** is a Islamist militant group in Afghanistan. The group is led by Anwarul Haq Mujahid. The group split away from Hezb-e Islami Khalis due to disagreements between Anwarul and Hajj Din Mohammad. The group promised loyalty to the Taliban in 2016 and has a magazine and website.

## References
Pavel Durov

**Pavel Valeryevich Durov** ( born 10 October 1984) is a Russian-born French-Kittitian–Emirati entrepreneur.  He started the social networking site VK and the app Telegram Messenger. He is the younger brother of Nikolai Durov. In 2024 his net worth is estimated at $11.5bn billion. In 2022, he was the richest person in the United Arab Emirates, according to *Forbes*. In February 2023, *Arabian Business* named him the most powerful entrepreneur in Dubai.

He left St Petersburg after he refused to share the data of some Ukrainian users of VK with Russia’s security agency, the FSB. He has been called  a freedom fighter with coding ingenuity.

For some years after  2014, the Durov brothers travelled the world in self-imposed exile as citizens of Saint Kitts and Nevis.

In 2017, Pavel joined the World Economic Forum Young Global Leaders as a representative of Finland. Durov was naturalized as French in August 2021 and now has European Union citizenship.

## 2024 arrest 
Durov was arrested on 24 August, 2024, in Paris, after landing at Le Bourget Airport by the French National Police. Earlier it was reported that Durov and his brother Nikolai were targeted by France.

One of the charges against Durov carries a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison and a fine of 500,000 euros. After issuing formal charges, Durov was released on bail and barred from leaving French territory until the case was resolved. It is said that Durov had previously avoided traveling to Europe due to potential legal risks.

## References
Don't Cry Daddy

"'''Don't Cry Daddy'*" is a 1969 song by Elvis Presley. It went to the top 10 in the United States and the United Kingdom along with its B-side *Rubberneckin'''. It was written by Mac Davis.

## References
Rosario-Victoria Bridge

The **Rosario-Victoria Bridge** () is a bridge in Argentina. It goes between the cities of Rosario (province of Santa Fe) and Victoria (province of Entre Ríos).
New Europe Bridge

The **New Europe Bridge**, also known as **Danube Bridge 2** ( is a road and rail bridge between the cities of Vidin, Bulgaria, and Calafat, Romania. It is the second bridge on the shared section of the Danube between the two countries. It has both  box girders  and  cable-stays. It was built by the Spanish company Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, at the cost of €226 million. It was officially opened on 14 June 2013.

Motorists must pay tolls.

It was previously known as **Danube Bridge 2** and informally called the **Vidin–Calafat Bridge** or **Calafat–Vidin Bridge.** 

There had been no bridges crossing the Danube river between Bulgaria and Romania since the destruction of Constantine's Bridge, in the 4th century, until the Danube Bridge was built and opened in 1954.

## References
Old Bridge, Svilengrad

**Mustafa Pasha Bridge** or **The Old Bridge** is a 16th-century arch bridge over the Maritsa in Svilengrad, southern Bulgaria. It was built in 1529 on the order of the Ottoman vizier Çoban Mustafa Pasha. The bridge was the first major work designed by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. The bridge is 295 m long, 6 m wide and has 20 or 21 arches.[[File:Мост на Мустафа паша.jpg|alt=Mustafa Pasha Bridge|346x346px|Mustafa Pasha Bridge|thumb]]
A flood destroyed some of the arches in 1766. Reconstruction was completed in 1809. The Ottoman army tried to destroy the bridge as it retreated from a Bulgarian advance after the Battle of Lule Burgas during the First Balkan War in November 1912.

## References and notes
## Other websites
Rete Ferroviaria Italiana

**Rete Ferroviaria Italiana**  is the Italian railway infrastructure manager. It is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato, a state-owned holding company. RFI is the owner of Italy's railway network, it provides signalling, maintenance and other services for the railway network. It also operates train ferries between the Italian Peninsula and Sicily.

It was founded on 1 July 2001 in accordance with a European directive on rail transport that called for the separation of the infrastructure operator and the service operators. Before that the Italian rail network was managed directly by FS. The agency has been periodically accused to a failure to be impartial, including allegations of favouring sibling company Trenitalia over independent operations.  

## References
King Carol I Bridge

The **Anghel Saligny Bridge**, formerly **King Carol I Bridge**, is a railway bridge in Romania connecting the two banks of the Danube along the lower reaches of the river. It is  between the cities of Fetešt in Wallachia and Cherna Voda in Dobruja . It was built between 1890 and 1895.  Then it was the longest in Europe and the third longest in the world .

Its length is 4037 m, of which 1662 m above the Danube and 920 m above the Borcea River . It was designed by the Romanian engineer Anghel Saligny. It is 30 m above the water. Even tall ships can pass under it. has a central span of 190 m (620 ft) and four other spans of 140 m (460 ft), connected to a viaduct with 15 spans of 60 m (200 ft) each. Another bridge, with three spans of 140 m (460 ft) and 11 spans of 50 m (160 ft), was designed and built over the Borcea branch.

The bridge was used for almost a century, until in 1987 it was replaced by the new Borchen bridge built next to it.

## Gallery

File:Podul_Cernavoda.JPG|The bridge during the early 20th century
File:Spoorbrug_Anghel_Saligny_over_de_Donau_08.jpg|Bridge archway
File:Cernavoda_bridges_2.jpg|Anghel Saligny Bridge (right) and Cernavodă Bridge (left)
File:Spoorbrug_Anghel_Saligny_over_de_Donau_10.jpg|Anghel Saligny Bridge over the main branch of the Danube
File:Rumania_Puente_en_Fetesti_sobre_rio_Borcea.jpg|The bridge over the Borcea branch of the Danube

## References
## Other websites
*King Carol I Bridge at Structurae
*Bridge over the Borcea Branch at Structurae
*The history of the Romanian Danube bridges (14 figures available) at Semantic Scholar
Rail transport in Romania

The first railway in the Kingdom of Romania opened in 1869. It was between Bucharest and Giurgiu. The first  electric railway opened in 1854, between Oravița and Baziaș in Banat, next to the border with Serbia.

Since then, the Romanian railway network has been significantly expanded, and is now the fourth largest in Europe by total track length, comprising . Of these, some  are electrified. The route length is . Romania's railway system is  the worst railway systems in Europe.  Most of it needs to be renewed.

Romania is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Romania is 53.

## References
Bucharest North railway station

**Bucharest North railway station**  is the main railway station in Bucharest and the largest railway station in Romania. The vast majority of mainline trains to and from Bucharest start there.

## History
The original North railway station was built between 1868—1872. The foundation stone was placed on 10 September 1868 in the presence of King Carol I of Romania. The building was designed as a U-shaped structure. The first railways between Roman – Galați – Bucharest – Pitești started on 13 September 1872. Between 1895—1896 a new wing of the station was built, which included a "Royal Hall", in anticipation of the visit of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary. 

The station and its surroundings were heavily bombed by the Allies in April 1944 during a campaign aimed at Axis supply lines.  During the Communist era the station was electrified

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, from 27 February 2022 onwards, the station served as a coordination point for Ukrainian refugees. On the first day, almost 100 Ukrainian refugees arrived on five trains owned by Romanian state operator CFR Călători; the trains came from Iași and Suceava, in northeast Romania. At midnight on 4 March 2022, approximately 1,000 refugees arrived from Iași and were later accommodated at Romexpo.

## Current status
There are 14 tracks and 8 platforms.

## References
Leptomantis malkmusi

The ***Leptomantis malkmusi*** is a frog.  It lives in Malaysia. People have seen it between 500 and 1000 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is  26.4-29.3  mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 32.3-35.4 mm long.

This frog can change color. The skin of its back is red-brown during the day and light brown at night. It has small, dark spots, and large brown spots. There is a dark brown mark between the eyes. There are white spots on the sides of the head with a dark brown line around each one. There is also one white spot underneath each eardrum. There are stripes on the tops of the legs. These stripes are gray during the day and dark brown at night. There are white bumps on the legs. There is bright yellow color on parts of the sides, legs, and feet. The toes, belly, and front of the neck are white in color. The webbed skin on all four feet is gray in color. The iris of the eye is red in the middle and yellow on the outside, with a black ring outside that.

## References
Philippe de Gaulle

**Philippe Henri Xavier Antoine de Gaulle** (28 December 1921 – 13 March 2024) was a French admiral and politician. He was a senator from Paris between 1986 to 2004. He was the oldest child and only son of General Charles de Gaulle, the first president of the French Fifth Republic. He was born in Paris. He was a member of the Rally for the Republic. He was also an admiral of the French Navy from 1938 to 1982.

During his career, he was honored with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit, War Cross 1939–1945 and Medal of Aeronautics.

De Gaulle turned 100 in December 2021. He died during the night of 13 March 2024 in Paris at the age of 102.

## References
Frank McCourt

**Francis McCourt** (August 19, 1930July 19, 2009) was an Irish-American teacher and writer. He won a Pulitzer Prize for his book ''Angela's Ashes (book)''. It was made into a movie, Angela's Ashes. It is a memoir of his childhood.

He taught at six New York schools, including McKee Vocational and Technical High School in Staten Island, New York City College of Technology in Brooklyn, Seward Park High School, Washington Irving High School, and the High School of Fashion Industries, all in Manhattan. 

In May 2009, McCourt announced he had been treated for melanoma and that he was in remission. Two months later, he died from meningitis caused by the disease on July 19, 2009 under hospice care in New York City, a month before his 79th birthday.

## Works
*''Angela's Ashes*. 1996
*The McCourts of Limerick (1998)
**'Tis*. 1999
*The McCourts of New York (1999)
**Teacher Man''. 2005.

*Angela and the Baby Jesus. 2007

## References
Teno (disambiguation)

**Teno** could be:
* Teno – a Chilean city and commune
* Teno River – a river in Chile
* Teno River (Europe), a river shared by Finland and Tana (Norway)
* Macizo de Teno, a mountain range on Tenerife, Spain
* TENO – a former German organisation
Jaysh al-Izza

**Jaysh al-Izza** is a Islamist militant group part of the Free Syrian Army active in the northwest of Syria. The group has been given anti-tank missiles such as the 9K111 Fagot or BGM-71 TOW by Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Qatar. The group also tried to join the National Front for Liberation which has other militant groups in Idlib such as Ahrar al-Sham but the leadership of Jaysh al-Izza refused due to complications.

## References
Gunilla Andersson

**Gunilla Victoria Andersson**, born 26 April 1976 in Skutskär, Sweden) is a retired Swedish female ice hockey defencewoman. She played for Sweden during the women's ice hockey tournament during the 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010 Olympic Winter Games and in eleven World Championships.

## References
## Other websites
Evanescence (album)

***Evanescence*** is the third studio album by Evanescence. The album was released on October 11, 2011.

## Track listing
## References
Danube Bridge

The **Danube Bridge** (also known as the **Friendship Bridge**; The bridge is 2.8 km long. It passes at a height of 30 meters over the river. It was the first bridge over the Danube shared by Bulgaria and Romania. Decorations were designed by Bulgarian architect Georgi Ovcharov. The bridge has two decks; a two lane motorway and a railway. There are also sidewalks for pedestrians. The central part of the bridge (85 m) can be lifted for large boats.  The maintenance of the mobile part is Romania's responsibility and is periodically checked. The bridge was built in two and a half years with the aid of the Soviet Union.

The Soviets named it the "Friendship Bridge". Since the fall of the communist regimes in both countries, it is now called "Danube Bridge".

The bridge is a border crossing between the two countries. Since January 2007 there is no more customs control. The passport/identity card control is done "on one desk" either by the Bulgarian or the Romanian border police. It is an "internal border" within the European Union. Border control will be completely removed when Bulgaria and Romania join the Schengen Agreement.

There are a pair of rectangular towers supported by pillars on both ends.

## Tolls
The following tolls apply for crossing the Danube Bridge:

## Gallery

File:Pont_de_l%27amiti%C3%A9_Rouss%C3%A9-Giurgiu.jpg|Romanian side of the bridge
File:Danube_Bridge_from_the_train.jpg|Middle of the bridge seen from the *Bosphorus Express* train (Bucharest–Istanbul)

## References 
## Other websites 
*
* *Halfway down the Danube*, a short story about crossing the bridge
List of caudillos of Panama

This page has the List of caudillos of **Panama** A **caudillo** (diminutive of *caput* "head". Caudillo means "little head" or "little chief") is part of the larger Iberian tradition of authoritarian leaders
## List of caudillos of Panama
* Juan Eligio Alzuru
* José Domingo Espinar
* Tomás de Herrera
* José de Fábrega, "Liberator of the Isthmus"
* Manuel Noriega
* Omar Torrijos
List of Garfield characters

This is a '*list of characters in the *Garfield''''' comic strip, created by Jim Davis

## Main characters 
### Garfield 
The main character of the franchise. He is a lazy orange cat who loves lasagna and hates Mondays. He is voiced by Scott Beach, Lorenzo Music, Bill Murray, Frank Welker, Tom Smothers, Jeff Bergman, Jon Banard and Chris Pratt, Jimmy Tatro (Nickelodeon series).

### Jon Arbuckle 
voiced by Thom Huge, Sandy Kenyon, Jon Banard, Wally Wingert and Nicolas Hoult, Josh Keaton (Nickelodeon series).

### Lyman 
voiced by Frank Ferrante.

### Odie 
voiced by Gregg Berger, Harvey Guillen and Benjamin Diskin (Nickelodeon series).

### Pooky 
Pooky is Garfields plush friends: Garfield

### Dr. Liz Wilson 
voiced by Julie Payne, Vanessa Marshall and Erica Lindbeck (Nickelodeon series).

### Nermal 
voiced by Desiree Goyette, David Eigenberg, Jason Marsden and Tom Kenny, Atticus Shaeffer (Nickelodeon series).

### Arlene 
voiced by Debra Messing, Audrey Wasilewski and Jenny Yokobori.

### Squeak 
voiced by Gregg Berger.

## Arbuckle family 
### Mom 
voiced by Julie Payne, Cheri Oteri and Gillian Jacobs (Nickelodeon series)

### Dad 
voiced by Frank Welker.

### Aunt Gussie 
voiced by Kari Wahlgren.

### Grandma 
voiced by Pat Carroll.

### Doc Boy 
voiced by David Lander, Dana Snyder (Nickelodeon series).

## Garfield's family 
### Garfield's mother 
voiced by Sandi Huge.

### Garfield's grandfather 
Garfield's grandpa his first appeared in the strip on November 10, 1980.

## Minor recurring characters 
### Herman Post 
voiced by Gregg Berger.

### Irma 
**First Appearance: June 9, 1979**

### Binky the Clown[edit] 
**First Appearance: September 17, 1986**

voiced by Thom Huge.

### The Big Vicious Dog 
**First Appearance: September 12, 1995**

### Hubert and Reba 
Hubert and Reba are an elderly couple who live near Jon.

### The Buddy Bears 
Voiced by Lorenzo Music, Howard Morris, Thom Huge, Julie Payne, Gregg Berger.
Celluloid Heroes

"**Celluloid Heroes**" is a 1972 song by British band The Kinks. It was taken from their 11th studio album ''Everybody's in Show-Biz*. It also appears on their 1980 live album *One for the Road''. The song talks about famous 20th-century actors and the Hollywood Boulevard.
Rated "X"

"**Rated "X"**" is a 1972 song by country singer Loretta Lynn. It was taken from her 22nd studio album *Entertainer of the Year*. It topped the country singles charts in both the United States and Canada. It was covered by The White Stripes as a B-side to their single *Hotel Yorba* in 2001.
Electric Youth (song)

"**Electric Youth**" is a 1989 song by Debbie Gibson and is the title track to her second studio album *Electric Youth*. It went to number 11 in the United States, number 14 in the United Kingdom and charted the highest in Panama where it made number 3.

## Track listing
All songs are written by Deborah Gibson

## References
Jean-Baptiste Djebbari

**Jean-Baptiste Djebbari** (born 26 February 1982) is the former Ministry of Transports of France. Before, he was airline pilot on Pilatus PC-12.
A fost numit ministru delegat responsabil cu transporturile în noul guvern Jean Castex (3 iulie 2020).

He graduated from ENAC and École polytechnique.

## References
Gasteroclupea

***Gasteroclupea*** is an extinct genus of ellimmichthyiform fish from the Upper Cretaceous of South America. It contains one species, ***G. branisai***. Its closest relative is probably *Sorbinichthys*.

## Related pages 
* Sorbinichthys

## References
Susan Arnold

**Susan E. Arnold** (born March 8, 1954) is an American business executive who formerly served as the chairman of The Walt Disney Company. 

## Career 
Susan Arnold began her career as a brand assistant for the Dawn/Ivory Snow Group at Procter & Gamble in 1980. In 1999, she assumed global responsibility for Procter & Gamble's beauty business, thereby becoming the first woman to reach a president-level position in the company. She retired from Procter & Gamble on September 1, 2009.

Between 2013 and 2021, Arnold served as an operating executive of The Carlyle Group. She is based in New York. Arnold has served on the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company since 2007, as well as the Carlyle portfolio investments company NBTY, The Nature's Bounty Co. She has also been a member of the Board of Directors of McDonald's Co. since 2008. In 2004 she became Vice Chairman of Procter & Gamble and President of the company in 2007.

On December 1, 2021, Arnold was appointed to replace Bob Iger as chair of the board at The Walt Disney Company and became the first woman to be appointed to this position in the 98-year history of Disney. She was elected chair on December 31, 2021. On January 11, 2023, Disney announced that Arnold would no longer serve as the board's chair after the next annual shareholder meeting and would be replaced by former Nike CEO Mark Parker. 

## References
Jaysh al-Nasr

**Jaysh al-Nasr** (Arabic: جَيْشُ النَّصْرِ) is a militant group fighting in the Syrian civil war. It was founded in August of 2015 as a combination of 16 groups into 1 group. The group has been given BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles from the United States by a unknown party.

## References
Jaysh al-Nukhba

**Jaysh al Nukhba** (Arabic: جَيْشُ النُّخْبَةِ; originally called **Jaysh al-Tahrir**) is a Syrian Islamist militant group in the Hama Governorate and Aleppo Governorate of Syria with support from the Turkish government. The group was formed as a combination of 5 brigades, and some got BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles which are from the United States.

## References
Star Trak Entertainment

**Star Trak** was an American record label. It was founded by the Neptunes and Rob Walker in 2001. It operated as a division of Interscope Geffen A&M, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. Star Traks name is a reference to the 1960s TV program *Star Trek*.
Mango (color)

Mango is a shade of the color orange. It is named after the tropical fruit of the same name.

The first written use of *coral* as a color name in English was in 1513.

## Meaning of coral 
* Coral and coral blue color for painting a room to give a calm feeling of warmth.

* In some sects of Hinduism, coral red instead of red is shown as being the color which represents the first (*muladhara*) chakra in Hindu philosophy.

## Tones of coral color comparison chart 
## Related pages
* List of colors

## References
Kurixalus verrucosus

'''Boulenger's bush frog**, **Boulenger's tree frog**, **warty frilled tree frog**, **small frill-limbed tree frog**, or **small rough-armed tree frog'* (*Kurixalus verrucosus'') is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, and Vietnam. People have seen it between 200 and 2000 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog on small, woody plants. Scientists are not sure whether this frog needs forests to live.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. However, loss of the forests where it lives for farms may hurt this frog.

## References
Megaverse (disambiguation)

**Megaverse** may refer to:

* Megaversal system, a game made for Palladium books
* Multiverse, a possible set of multiple worlds in cosmology
* "Megaverse", a song made by the Stray Kids band
Maria (Blondie song)

"**Maria**" is a 1999 song by American band Blondie and is the leading single from their seventh studio album *No Exit*. It topped the single charts in the United Kingdom, Scotland, Poland, Spain and Greece and made the top 20 across Europe and New Zealand. It was their first single since 1982.

## Track listings
**US 12-inch single**
:A1. "Maria" (Soul Solution full remix)
:A2. "Maria" (Soul Solution Bonus Beats)
:B1. "Maria" (Talvin Singh remix)
:B2. "Maria" (Talvin Singh Rhythmic remix edit)
:B3. "Maria" (album version)

**US maxi-CD single (The Remixes)**
# "Maria" (Soul Solution full remix) – 9:27
# "Maria" (Talvin Singh remix) – 7:27
# "Maria" (Talvin Singh Rhythmic remix edit) – 4:39
# "Maria" (album version) – 4:51

**UK CD single**
# "Maria" (radio edit)
# "Maria" (Soul Solution remix radio edit)
# "Maria" (Talvin Singh remix edit)

**UK cassette single**
:A. "Maria" (radio edit)
:B. "Maria" (Soul Solution remix radio edit)

**European CD single**
# "Maria" (radio edit) – 4:09
# "Maria" (Talvin Singh Rhythmic remix) – 7:26

**European limited-edition CD single**
# "Maria" (radio edit)
# "Screaming Skin" (live)
# "In the Flesh" (live)

**European maxi-CD single and Australian CD single**
# "Maria" (radio edit) – 4:09
# "Maria" (Talvin Singh Rhythmic remix) – 7:26
# "Maria" (Soul Solution remix radio edit) – 4:08
# "Maria" (album version) – 4:51

## References
Birte Christoffersen

**Birte Christoffersen** (28 March 1924 &ndash; 23 February 2026) was a Danish-Swedish Olympic diver. She competed in the 3 m springboard and 10 m platform for Denmark at the 1948 Summer Olympics and for Sweden at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics. She won an Olympic bronze medal in 1948. She died on 23 February 2026 in Limhamn, Sweden at the age of 101.

## References
Apex Legends

***Apex Legends*** is an battle royale first-person hero shooter video game. It is free-to-play. It was published by Electronic Arts and was developed by Respawn Entertainment. It is set in the universe of the *Titanfall* series. The game was first released on February 4, 2019 for the PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One, with the Nintendo Switch version being released on March 10, 2021. The games would also be released for the next generation consoles. It would be released on March 29, 2022 for the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S. 

In the game, Legends come together to compete in a bloodsport called the Apex Games which are organized by a group called the Mercenary Syndicate. They battle for money and fame. Like in most battle royal games, the goal is to be the last team standing at the end of the game.

There is an eSports tournament called the Apex Legends Global Series where players compete for $5 million.

## Reception
The game was very well liked by both game critics and players. Critics said that they liked the combat system and ping system. The game has also been praised for its LGBT representation, with the character Bloodhound being non binary. However, there were many individuals, including one of the voice actors, that did not approve of the game's representation of LGBT.

The game has also won many awards. Among the awards won, it has been named Best Multiplayer Game at the 2019 Game Awards and Best Multiplayer game at the 2019 Golden Joystick Awards.

## References
## Other websites
*
Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri

On the 2nd of January 2024, Saleh al-Arouri, was killed by an Israeli missile attack in the neighborhood of Dahieh in Beirut. The missile attack killed 6 civilians which also included other members of the Hamas political party.

## References
LuaLua TV

**LuaLua TV** is a Bahraini TV channel. It was broadcast in London and started broadcasting in 2011. It was blocked by all of the GCC countries including Bahrain.

In June of 2021, the FBI took away LuaLua's domain along with other TV channels such as Press TV, due to the channels allegedly having links to Iran which violated US laws. However the website came back under a new domain.

## References
Greenschist

**Greenschists** are rocks formed at low temperatures using metamorphism. They are typically formed within the temperature range of 350-400 °C and at the pressure range of  29,000-145,000 psi.

## References
TRT Arabia

**TRT Arabia** is a Arabic TV channel by the TRT public broadcasting corporation and it broadcasts to people who know Arabic in Turkey and the rest of the Arabic speaking world. The channel was launched on the 4th of April 2010.

## Logo 

File:شعار قناة تي آر تي العربية.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9.png|Logo used from 2015-2016
File:TRT Arabi logo.svg|Logo used from 2017-present

## References
Superman (2025 movie)

***Superman*** is a 2025 American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is the first movie of the DC Universe (DCU). It is written and directed by James Gunn. It stars David Corenswet, Rachel Brosnahan, Isabela Merced, Edi Gathegi, Nathan Fillion, Anthony Carrigan, María Gabriela de Faría, Sara Sampaio, Skyler Gisondo, Nicholas Hoult, Terence Rosemore, and Wendell Pierce. In the movie, Superman must prove to the world that he is their protector after billionaire Lex Luthor conducts a plan to turn public opinion against him. 

*Superman* was released on July 11, 2025.

## Premise 
The movie explores Clark Kent / Superman's journey to reconcile his Kryptonian heritage with his adoptive human family in Smallville, Kansas.

== Cast

## Future 
In June 2025, Gunn said he had begun writing a follow-up to *Superman* that would not be a direct sequel to the movie, but would feature Superman as a character in a major role of the plot. Corenswet and Brosnahan had options contracts to play in a potential sequel to the movie, but following *Superman* release in July, a direct sequel was not expected to be announced for the movie immediately. In August, Zaslav confirmed that Gunn was writing and directing the next film in the "Super-Family", which Gunn said he had finished writing a script treatment for. He described it as the next story in the "Superman Saga" and hoped to begin production of the movie soon. Gunn announced in September that the film was titled *Man of Tomorrow* and was scheduled for release on July 9, 2027. Corenswet and Hoult were expected to return to playing their roles. Gunn said he had finished a draft of the script, and filming was scheduled to start around April 2026. He said *Man of Tomorrow* was "as much a Lex movie as it is a Superman movie" and would include the pair working together against a bigger threat.

Also in July 2025, Gunn was reported to be considering the production of a spin-off television series based on supporting side characters from the film, such as Gathegi's character, Mister Terrific and Gisondo's character, Jimmy Olsen. Journalist Jeff Sneider reported that Gisondo was expected to star in a Jimmy Olsen series for the streaming service HBO Max, which would introduce the comic book villain Gorilla Grodd to the DCU.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  at IMDb
San Fabián

The **San Fabián** is the most eastern of all of 21 districts in Chile. The capital of **San Fabián** is San Fabián de Alico. It takes up an area of approximately 1568 km.

## References
Skibidi

**Skibidi** is an American song by the band Little Big. It was released on the 5th of October 2018. It become very popular in the fall of 2018. It became number 2 on Youtube Hits. It later became even more popular due to a music video being released and was featured in many TikToks. It is used also as a meme and it inspired Skibidi Toilet. It has no meaning. 

## References
Pepper X

**Pepper X** is a type of Capsicum chili pepper created by Ed Currie, who made the Carolina Reaper. In 2023, the Guinness World Records said it was the most spicy member in the world at that time.

## References
Rizz

**Rizz** is a slang word defined as having style or charm, or being able to get someone to love you".  It was made popular outside of the African community by Kai Cenat in mid-2021, but it was used before for a long time. It later got very popular on TikTok and was called the word of the year for 2023 by Oxford University. It is normally associated with other slangs like gyatt sigma and more

## References
Novocaine for the Soul

"**Novocaine for the Soul**" is a 1996 debut song by American rock band Eels and is the leading single from their debut studio album *Beautiful Freak*. It went to number 10 in the United Kingdom, number 7 in Scotland, number 76 in Canada, number 84 in Australia and number 90 in the Netherlands. It was used in the British television series *The Grand*.

## Track listing 
## References
Observation.org

**Observation.org** is a website that scientists use to  and exchange their scientific observations. The website and mobile apps, such as ObsIdentify, allow users to access this information. It has more than 238 million nature data entries and almost 82 million photos. It is operated by the non-profit organization Observation International.

## Data quality 
Experts check if the data is correct. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools help handle a lot of data effectively. Human experts have the final say on all of the supporting paperwork.

## History 
Observation International started in 2003 with Waarneming.nl and grew to 50 million observations by 2017. Waarneming.be launched in 2008 had 5,000 daily visitors, and reached 1.5 million different viewers after five years. Location data was hidden during the COVID-19 pandemic to keep bird watchers safe.

## Quality assurance 
Species experts select and organize a reference set of observations to make sure the quality is consistent. Automated validation supported by artificial intelligence aids validators in managing the dataset, with human experts making the final validation decisions.

## Open data 
Observations are shared as open data on Global Biodiversity Information Facility GBIF. This data has 82 million events, 19 million photos,, and 69,000 sound recordings. The organization is the third largest publisher on GBIF.

## Use of the data 
By April 2024, over 48,000 studies had referenced the dataset, focusing on the study of how living things affect their environment and conservation. This has resulted in discovering new groups of similar living things (or species), new ideas of animal behavior changes, the watching and following of harmful species and sicknesses, as we as, supprt for national and European life where lots of different living things all exist together. This is known as biodiversity. Photos from Observation.org aid in improving species recognition technology. Users participate in events such as the City Nature Challenge and Biomaratón de Otoño to take photos of nature, record sounds, and record video.

## Views 
*The UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology suggests using the app ObsIdentify to find alien species. 
*NatureSpot recommends ObsIdentify and seek for identification.
*ObsIdentify is effective for invertebrates, according to the Sussex Wildlife Trust.
*NHSN prefers ObsIdentify, iNaturalist, seek, iRecord, and Picture This for identification.
*Birdwatch UK magazine praises ObsIdentify for being user-friendly and informative.

## International names 
The following is a list of countries and how the Observation.org platform is primarily  known:

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* GBIF page for Observation.org
Chopping Mall

***Chopping Mall*** is a 1986 American science fiction horror comedy movie directed by Jim Wynorski and starring Kelli Maroney, Tony O'Dell, Russell Todd, John Terlesky, Paul Bartel and Mary Woronov. It was distributed by Concorde Pictures. Chopping Mall tells the story of security robots going rogue and killing teen shoppers after dark.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Club Progresista

**Club Progresista** is an Argentine sports club in the Piñeyro district of Avellaneda Partido, Greater Buenos Aires. The club has been regarded for its football squad that played in Primera División during the 1920s. Other than football, sports like Basque pelota, swimming and taekwondo are also played at the club.

## References
Rizzi

**Rizzi** is a last name that came from the Italian language.

## People with the name 
People who are notable who have the last name are:

* Sarkis Rizzi (1572-1638), Catholic Lebanese Maronite bishop
* Bruno Rizzi (1901–1977), Italian political theorist; cofounder of the Communist Party of Italy
* Camillo Rizzi (1580–1618), Italian painter of the Renaissance period
* Carlo Rizzi (b, 1960), Italian conductor
* Darren Rizzi (born 1970), Special Teams Coordinator for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League
* Federico Rizzi (born 1981), Italian professional football player
* Giuseppe Rizzi (1886-1996), Italian professional footballer
* James Rizzi (1950-2011), American pop artist
* Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi (1930–1991), Argentine writer, author, and philosopher
* Luigi Rizzi (disambiguation), multiple people
* Luigi Rizzi (footballer) (1907-?), Italian professional football player
* Luigi Rizzi (linguist) (born 1952), Italian language expert
* Mario Rizzi (1926-2010),  Roman Catholic Italian titular archbishop of Bagnoregio and apostolic nuncio to Bulgaria
* Michael Rizzitello (1927–2005), Los Angeles mobster
* Michele Rizzi (born 1988), German professional footballer
* Nicoletta Rizzi (1940-2010), Italian television, stage and film actress
* Paolo Rizzi (born 1969), Italian retired footballer
* Tonio Rizzi (1956-2010), Italian suicide bomber

### Imaginary characters 
* Carlo Rizzi (The Godfather), a imaginary character in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather
* Constanzia 'Connie' Corleone-Rizzi, a imaginary character in the novel and in the 1972 film *The Godfather*
Sorbinichthys

*]]
***Sorbinichthys*** is an extinct genus of prehistoric clupeomorph fishes from the Cenomanian of Lebanon and Morocco. It is a member of the Ellimmichthyiformes. It is the closest relative to *Gasteroclupea*.

## Classification 
The type species, *Sorbinichthys elusivo*, was discovered in 2000 by Bannikov and Bacchia, based on fossils found in Lebanon. At the time, it was the only known species of *Sorbinichthys*.

In 2010, another species, *Sorbinichthys africanus*, was discovered by Murray and Wilson, based on fossils found in Morocco.

## Description 
*Sorbinichthys* was diamond-shaped. It had a long, thin dorsal fin. It had two species, one being larger and averaging 15 cm, the other being smaller and averaging just 5 cm.

## References 
# Murray, Wilson (2011). "A new species of *Sorbinichthys* (Teleostei: Clupeomorpha: Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco". *Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences''. **48** (1): 1–9.