open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bass (fish)

:*For other uses of the word "bass," see bass.*

**Bass** is the name of some species (types) of fish that are often caught for food or sport.  There are freshwater bass (that live in rivers and lakes) and saltwater bass (that live in the ocean).  Many bass live in or near North America.  Bass are from the order of Perciformes or "perch-like fish".  Their name comes from the word for 'perch'.

Some well-known bass species are:
***temperate basses** such as the striped bass (*Morone saxatilis*) and white bass (*M. chrysops*), from the family Moronidae.
***warm water basses**, such as the largemouth bass (*Micropterus salmoides*), smallmouth bass (*M. dolomieu*), spotted bass (*M. punctulatus*), Guadalupe bass (*M. treculii*) and rock bass (*Ambloplites rupestris*), from the sunfish family, Centrarchidae. These basses are also called black basses.

Many other species are also called basses, such as: 
*The Australian bass, *Macquaria novemaculeata*, from the perch family, Percichthyidae.
*The black sea bass, *Centropristis striata*, from the family Serranidae.
*The giant sea bass *Stereolepis gigas*, also called the *black sea bass*, from the family Polyprionidae.
*The Chilean sea bass, *Dissostichus eleginoides*, more commonly known as the Patagonian toothfish.
*The European seabass, *Dicentrarchus labrax*.
Roxette

**Roxette** is a Swedish pop music group formed in 1986. The band had 2 members, Per Gessle and Marie Fredriksson. Their song "It Must Have Been Love" was one of the most sold singles by the duo. It was released first as a Christmas song in 1987 and then as an "ordinary song" in 1990. In 1991, Roxette release the very popular album *Joyride*. For this album, they went on tour worldwide, playing 107 concerts. "The Look" and "Listen To Your Heart", are other popular songs by Roxette. They are very popular in South America and Europe.

They had released 8 studio albums and 9 compilation albums. One album, *Baladas En Español*, was sung in Spanish.

They are the second most successful Swedish music group of all time, behind ABBA. 

The band ended in December 2019 after Fredriksson died of brain cancer.

## Discography
* 1986 – *Pearls of Passion* 
* 1987 – *Dance Passion - The Remix Album* 
* 1988 – *Look Sharp!*
* 1991 – *Joyride* 
* 1992 – *Tourism* 
* 1994 – *Crash! Boom! Bang!*
* 1995 – *Rarities*
* 1995 – ''Don't Bore Us, Get to the Chorus! Roxette's Greatest Hits*
* 1996 – *Baladas En Español*
* 1999 – *Have a Nice Day*
* 2001 – *Room Service*
* 2002 – *The Ballad Hits*
* 2003 – *The Pop Hits*
* 2006 – *Roxette Hits*
* 2006 – *The Rox Box / Roxette 86-06*
* 2011 – *Charm School*
* 2012 – *Travelling''

## Other websites
Hindu scripture

The **Hindu scriptures** are a number of ancient books and other texts which tell about Hinduism and Hindu mythology. They are sacred literature for Hindus. Important Hindu scriptures include the following:

*The Vedas
*The Brahmanas
*The Upanishads
*The Puranas

Two epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, are also considered to be the most important Hindu scriptures. All above sacred literature or scriptures are written in Sanskrit language. 

Besides the above, there are several other works that are sacred literature of Hindus. Many of them are written in languages such as Tamil and Hindi.
Aum

**Om** (also spelled Aum), is the most sacred symbol in Hinduism. Hindu scriptures tell many things about this symbol. In Hinduism, Om is like calling god's name towards you. This name is generally said three times, before chanting any prayers. Om is usually related to the Hindu God Shiva, who is the destroyer god.

## Related pages
* Om Shinrikyo is a Japanese new religion or cult.
El Paso, Texas

**El Paso** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat (the city where the county is governed) of El Paso County. It is in the far southwestern part of the U.S. state of Texas, along Interstate 10. The name comes from "El Paso de Norte", meaning The Passageway to the North.

The large majority of the city's inhabitants are Hispanic. The 2020 population from the U.S. Census Bureau was 678,815, making it the 23rd-largest city in the United States, the sixth-largest city in Texas, and the second-largest city in the Southwestern United States behind Phoenix, Arizona. The city is also the second-largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States, with 81% of its population being Hispanic.

El Paso won the All-America City Award five times: 1969, 2010, 2018, 2020, and 2021. 

The city has a desert climate and is home to the University of Texas at El Paso.

On August 3, 2019, 22 people were killed in a mass shooting.

## Sister cities 
*  Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
*  Las Cruces, New Mexico
*  Horizon City, Texas

## References
House of Stuart

The **House of Stewart**, or **Stuart**, is a royal house of Scotland and England.
The Tudor dynasty ended when Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603. She named her cousin James I as heir. He became James I of England, and started the Stuart dynasty.

## List of monarchs
Here are the rulers of the Stuart dynasty:

### Scotland
### Great Britain and Ireland
## References
Ecosystem

s are a highly productive marine ecosystem.]]
 ecosystems are rich in biodiversity. This is the Gambia River in Senegal]]

An **ecosystem** (or ecological system) is a large community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in a particular area. The living and physical components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Ecosystems are of any size, but usually they are in specific places. 

Each ecosystem has its own community. An aquarium community, for example, can have small fish and other organisms. A desert community may have cacti, small snakes, and scorpions. A pond community can have frogs, insects, snakes, and plants, and a forest community may have rabbits, foxes and pine trees. The species in a community are divided into populations according to the particular habitats and ecological niches in the ecosystem.

## Energy 
Ecosystems are stable, but changeable. They react to major changes in the environment, especially climate changes. For example, the major rainforests have lasted for a long time (perhaps 50 million years or more in some cases). As the rainfall and temperature changes, they change. We know that the Amazon rainforest shrank in size during ice ages, and expanded in the warmer periods.

## Primary production 
What drives all ecosystems is the primary production. Primary production is the production of organic matter from inorganic carbon sources. This happens through photosynthesis. It drives the carbon cycle, which influences global climate via the greenhouse effect.

Through the process of photosynthesis, plants capture energy from sunlight and use it to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. The photosynthesis carried out by all the plants in an ecosystem is called the gross primary production (GPP). Total photosynthesis is limited by a range of environmental factors. These include the amount of light available, the amount of leaf area a plant has to capture light (shading by other plants limits photosynthesis), the supply of carbon dioxide and water, and suitable temperatures for carrying out photosynthesis.

## Types 
Some of the major types of ecosystem:
* Aquatic ecosystem
** Marine ecosystem
** Freshwater ecosystem
*** Lake ecosystem
*** River ecosystem
*** Wetland
* Terrestrial ecosystem
** Forest
*** Rain Forest
** Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
** Littoral zone
** Riparian zone
** Desert
** Grassland
** Tundra
** Taiga

 ecosystem in Gran Canaria, an island of the Canary Islands.]]

## Related pages 
* Biodiversity
* Biosphere
* Biosphere Reserve
* Ecology
* Ecosystem services
* Ecosystem valuation
* Natural environment
* Vegetation
* Wildlife

## References
Gregor Mendel

**Gregor Johann Mendel** (Heinzendorf, Austria, 20 July 1822 – Brünn, Austro-Hungary, 6 January 1884) was an Austrian monk and botanist.

Mendel founded genetics by his work cross-breeding pea plants. He discovered dominant and recessive characters, i.e. genes from the crosses he performed on the plants in his greenhouse. What he learnt is known today as Mendelian inheritance. His work was not appreciated at first, but was 'rediscovered' in 1900 by  Carl Correns and Hugo de Vries. Erich von Tschermak's status as a third rediscoverer is now less convincing.

## The experiments 
Mendel used the edible peas (*Pisum sativum*) for his crosses. He selected seven characters which were distinctive, and never blended; they occurred as either-or alternatives. Examples:  plant height (short or tall); colour of peas (green or yellow); position of flowers (restricted to the top or distributed along the stem).

When he crossed varieties which differed in a trait (e.g. tall crossed with short), the first generation of hybrids (F1) showed only one of the two alternatives. One character was *dominant*, and the other *recessive*. But when he crossed these hybrids with each other, the recessive character reappeared in the second (F2) generation. The proportion of plants showing the dominant as opposed to the recessive character was close to 3 to 1. Further analysis of the descendants (F3) of the dominant group showed that one-third of them were true-breeding and two-thirds were of hybrid constitution. The 3:1 ratio could therefore be rewritten as 1:2:1, meaning that 50 percent of the F2 generation were true-breeding and 50 percent were still hybrid. This was Mendel’s major discovery.

It could all be summed up by saying that inheritance was not blending, as Darwin had thought, it was particulate. The factors (genes) were not merged or mixed, they stayed separate and were passed on to the next generation unchanged.

He published his work in 1866, but at the time no-one saw how significant it was. 35 years later, the papers were rediscovered and, immediately, modern genetics began.

## Related pages
*List of biologists
* Mendelian inheritance

## References 
* Iltis, Hugo 1932. *Life of Mendel*, transl. by Eden & Cedar Paul. Allen & Unwin, London. German original: *Gregor Mendel: Leben, Werk und Wirkung*. Springer, Berlin 1924.

lazy version

## Other websites 
* Mendel's Paper in English
* Mendel Museum of Genetics
* 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia entry, "Mendel, Mendelism"
* Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
* Augustinian Abbey of St. Thomas at Brno 
* Johann Gregor Mendel: Why his discoveries were ignored for 35 (72) years
Interplanetary internet

An **interplanetary internet** does not exist yet.  When people talk about an interplanetary internet, they are talking about a problem they are still trying to solve - the problem of making the internet to work between different planets.

## Method 
The way the internet works here on Earth is simple. Computers need to connect to each and can share a network.  One computer sends another computer a message (called a packet) and then the other sends back a message saying it got it. Internet messages move at the speed of light, about 300 thousand kilometres in a second, which is very fast. But if you were sending that message to Mars, it would take about ten minutes for the message to get there, and another ten for it to get back.  That means we need to completely change the way computers talk to each other if we are going to communicate between different planets.  That is the problem people are trying to solve when they talk about the interplanetary internet. It's a new and a very interesting concept.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The InterPlaNetary Internet Project IPN Special Interest Group
Kayastha

**Kayastha** is one of the social groups of the Indian subcontinent. They have a long history. They number around 35 million people and most of them live in India.

Hindus believe that Lord Brahma created the world. He then created 16 sons from different parts of his body. His 17th son, Shree Chitragupt Jee, was created from his mind and soul. He is the only son to be made from the whole body, not just parts. In human form he is called *kayastha*, *kaya* meaning whole. Kayastha's have two roles in the caste system, as Kshatriya (a warrior) and Brahmin (a learned person or scribe). The Kayastha caste is divided into 13 sub-castes. Subdivision of Kayastha:- Chitragupta Kayastha of North India, Prabhu Kayastha of Maharashtra, Karnam/Karuneegar (Kayastha) of South India, Karanas (Kayastha) of Odisha, Bengali Kayastha of Bengal and Kalitas (Kayastha) of Population approx 31 million and india population total 140milion hindu kayasthas

## References
Rainbow Brite and the Star Stealer

***Rainbow Brite and the Star Stealer*** is an animated movie from 1985. It was produced by DiC Entertainment and Hallmark Cards, and released by Warner Bros.

This is the only movie in which the title character, Rainbow Brite, appears.

## Other websites 
*
*Moria.co.nz review 
*Kiddie Matinee overview
Arctic Monkeys

**Arctic Monkeys** are an rock band from England  

The three founders, **Alex Turner**, **Matt Helders**, and **Andy Nicholson** knew each other from high school and formed the band as teenagers. Arctic Monkeys' first album was ''Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not*. It reached #1 in the United Kingdom album charts. Over 300 thousand copies of the album were sold in the first week. This makes it the fasting selling first album by a band in British music history. It was nominated for Best Alternative Album at the 2006 Grammy Awards. Their second album, *Favourite Worst Nightmare* was first released in Japan on April 18, 2007. Their third album, *Humbug* was released in England on 24 August 2009. In 2011 their fourth album *Suck It and See* was released. *AM'', the Monkeys' fifth album, was released 6 September 2013. The sixth Arctic Monkeys album, *Tranquility Base Hotel & Casino* was released in 2018. 

The members are:
*Alex Turner (guitar and singing)
*Jamie Cooke (guitar)
*Nick O'Malley (bass guitar)
*Matthew Helders (drums)
*Andy Nicholson (bass guitar, left in 2006)

## Studio albums 
* ''Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not* (2006)
* *Favourite Worst Nightmare* (2007)
* *Humbug* (2009)
* *Suck It and See* (2011)
* *AM* (2013)
* *Tranquility Base Hotel & Casino* (2018)
* *The Car'' (2022)

## References
Queen's University at Kingston

'''Queen's University''' is a public university in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Queen's University was started on October 16, 1841.

## References
Opus number

**Opus** or the shortened form **op. ** after the title of a piece of music means “work”.  It is followed by a number.  When a composer writes their first piece of music it is followed by the term “opus 1”.  The next composition would then be called “opus 2”, etc.

Giving pieces of music opus numbers helps us to identify which piece of music (from a certain composer) that composition is.  For example: Beethoven wrote lots of piano sonatas. His first Piano sonata in A flat major has the opus number of op.26. This shows that he wrote this sonata when he was young in his composing career.  Many years later, he wrote another piano sonata which is also in A flat major, and this piece one has the opus number of 110 (op. 110).

You cannot always tell from a composer’s opus numbers the order in which the works were composed.  Until around the end of the 18th century, opus numbers were only given to pieces of music which were published.

Some musicologists (people who study and write about music) have studied all the works by a famous composer and have given them a catalogue number.  For example Mozart’s music does not have opus numbers.  Some of them are long operas, others are tiny little pieces for the piano he might have written in a hurry one day.  A man called Köchel made a list of every single work by Mozart and gave them K numbers (K for Köchel). His numbering goes up to 622.  This is useful, for example, to tell the difference between his Symphony in G minor K183 and his Symphony in G minor K550.

The plural of “opus” is “opuses” in English.  This is because the Latin plural is opera which is rather confusing to English speakers as the word is already used in musical terminology. 

The word "opus" can also refer to the "work" of an artist. (For example: "This opus was composed by Chopin," or "This opus is the last Piano sonata that Beethoven composed")

An artist's "magnum opus" means his or her "greatest" work.
Enlightenment

**Enlightenment** has several meanings. Some of them are given below:

*A concept in philosophy and psychology.
*Nirvana, the goal of Buddhism
*Moksha, a religious concept of Hinduism
*Age of Enlightenment, a period in European history
*Enlightenment (Window Manager), A window controller for Linux operating systems
Farscape

***Farscape*** is a science fiction television show.  The series was filmed in Australia.  It was first shown from March 19, 1999 to March 21, 2003, followed by *Farscape: The Peacekeeper Wars*, which was broadcast on October 17 and 18, 2004.  The show was cancelled after four seasons and ended with a cliffhanger.  The cliffhanger was resolved in a miniseries, *The Peacekeeper Wars*, in 2004.

Rockne S. O'Bannon came up the idea for the series.  It was produced by Jim Henson Productions and Hallmark Entertainment.

## Plot
The show's main character is an astronaut named John Crichton.  He travels through a wormhole by accident.  He exits the wormhole at a distant part of the universe.  The astronaut joins an alien crew on board a living ship.  The members of the crew are escaped prisoners.

## Cast
*Ben Browder
*Claudia Black
*Virginia Hey
*Anthony Simcoe
*Gigi Edgley
*Paul Goddard
*Lani Tupu
*Wayne Pygram
*Jonathan Hardy

## References
## Other websites 
*Karlsweb Farscape e-Zine
*Farscape World
*The Farscape Encyclopedia 
*Far-what?
*SCI-FI.COM | Farscape 
*What Is Farscape?
*Watch Farscape 
*BBC Online - Cult - Farscape
*The Farscape Props Forum
*Neural Cluster 
*Terra Firma
*ScapeCast - The Farscape Podcast
Yuan dynasty

The **Yuan dynasty** was a Mongol dynasty that ruled Mongolia and China from 1271 to 1368. Before this dynasty, China was ruled by the Song dynasty. After the Yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty ruled China. Genghis Khan and his army of Mongols conquered many parts of China. His grandson Kublai Khan added more parts of China to his kingdom. He founded the Yuan dynasty in 1271.

In the year of 1206, Genghis Khan ruled the Mobi tribes (a part of a country)  to establish the Mongol country at the Onon River. Jin was the main race in Mongolia, but Jin and Xia were in decline, Mongolia had attacked the Western Xia and Jin in August 1227, and Jin lost, so Mongolia occupied the whole north of China in March 1234.   

In 1259, Möngke Khan died after the Song Yuan dynasty war. His brothers all wanted to be king. His fourth brother, Kublai, and his seventh brother, Ali Khan, fought to rule the Mobi tribes. And finally in 1264, Kublai won. Kublai made the name "DaYuan" in 1271 and proclaimed the Yuan Dynasty and said its founder was his grandfather Genghis. In 1276, Yuan ruled southern of Song, so yuan ruled the whole China in this year. In 1279, the Kublai subdued southern Song dynasty. The Yuan dynasty ruled China and brought different parts of China together that had been split since the late Tang dynasty. They were the first foreign dynasty to rule just about all of China. 

For centuries, most of what the West knew about China came from the book by Marco Polo about his visit to Kublai's empire. The Yuan dynasty  ended in 1368 when the Ming dynasty took control.

## Related pages
* History of China

## Notes 
## References
1250s

The **1250s** was a decade that began on 1 January 1250 and ended on 31 December 1259. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***126th decade*** which began on January 1, 1251 and ended on December 31, 1260.

## Births 
* 1254 – Marco Polo

## Deaths 
* 1250 – Fibonacci
The Life and Times of Michael K

***Life and Times of Michael K*** is a novel written by J. M. Coetzee in 1983. It won a Booker Prize.

The story is about a simple gardener called Michael K, trying to run away from South Africa in the Apartheid Era.

Some people think there is a link between Michael K and Josef K. in *The Trial* by Franz Kafka.
Lawsuit

A **lawsuit** occurs when two people or organizations ask a court or judge to solve a disagreement or argument.  The two (or more) participants in a lawsuit are called the parties.  Each party is usually represented by a lawyer.  That means that the lawyer will talk to the judge for the party.

The party that starts the lawsuit is called the plaintiff because they are complaining about something the other side has done. This is also called "**suing**", or to "**sue**".  The other party is called the defendant because it must defend what it has done.  Both sides or parties will show evidence or proof that they are right and the other side or party is wrong.  The parties may also ask witnesses questions about what the argument or disagreement is about.

After both parties have shown evidence and asked witnesses questions, the judge or jury will decide which party is right.  Then the court will do something to make the winning party happy again.  The court might make the losing party pay the winner money, or it might make the losing party stop doing something that made the winner unhappy.

The conduct of a lawsuit is called **litigation**. The plaintiffs and defendants are called *litigants* and the attorneys representing them are called *litigators*. The term *litigation* may also refer to criminal trial.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Legal process
Stefano Mei

**Stefano Mei** (born 3 February 1963 in La Spezia) was an Italian long-distance runner in several international athletics (also called *track and field*) events.

Mei won the silver medal in the 5,000 metre race, and the gold medal in the 10,000 metre race during the 1986 European Championships in Athletics in Stuttgart, Germany. Mei also won a bronze medal in the 10,000 metre race during the 1990 European Championships in Athletics, in Split, Yugoslavia (now Croatia). He competed in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics.

## References
* 1986 European Championship results 
* 1990 European Championship results
Moirai

The **Moirai** (also known as **the Fates**) were the three goddesses of destiny in Greek mythology. They were **Clotho**, **Lachesis** and **Atropos** ().

The role of the Moira is to control the fate of every being. The life of each being is represented by a "thread of life". Clotho spins the thread, beginning the being's life. Lachesis measures it (looks how long it is) and Atropos cuts the thread at the end of the person's life once they have reached their destiny, killing them.

The Moirai are considered to be above the Greek gods. However, in some stories, Zeus, the Chief God, is capable of controlling them.

The decisions of the Moriai about a person's life can't be changed. 

The parents of the Moirai are not surely known. Some said they were the daughters of Zeus and the Titaness Themis, or more likely of primordial beings like Nyx and ChaosAnanke.
Wikisource

**Wikisource** – *The Free Library* – is a project by Wikimedia. Its goal is to make a free wiki library of source texts. It has translations into many languages.

## History 
It began on November 24, 2003. Its name was "Project Sourceberg" (a play on words for Project Gutenberg), and its URL was http://sources.wikipedia.org. On December 6, 2003, members wanted to change the name to "Wikisource", but the URL was not moved to http://wikisource.org until July 23, 2004.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*Multilingual portal for Wikisource
Opinion

An **opinion** is something a person or a group of  think.  "What is your opinion?" is like saying: "What do you think about it?"

The person's answer might start with: "In my opinion..........." or "I think........."

Sometimes companies try to find out what people think about something by asking many people their opinion.  This is called an "opinion poll" and the people who do it are "pollsters".  They might be trying to find out whether people think something is good or bad, such as electricity or exercise or Wikipedia, or whether one politician or beer or sport team is better than another.

Opinions are usually contrasted with facts. Facts are statements which are reliably supported by evidence. Opinions may or may not turn out to be facts.

## Related pages 
*Endoxa
*Freedom of speech
Audience

An **audience** is a group of  that see, hear or otherwise experience the same thing.  It may be many different kinds of thing, such as a play, a movie, a book, or a broadcast.  Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art; some live performance events invite the audience to be part of the performance, while others allow only applause and criticism. Mass media seldom provide for audience participation.

An audience at a sporting event are called *spectators* or  a *live audience*
Group

: ''This page is about 'group' in the common sense. For the mathematical concept, see Group (mathematics).''

]]A **group** is a set of things or a number of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction.

## Examples of groups
* A family of 
* A herd of animals
* A class of students
* A sports team
* Ethnic group
* The apples on a tree
* The hats in a box
* Britain, China, France, Russia, and the United States of America are in the United Nations Security Council. 
* Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus are a group of chemical elements that life needs.
Side-scrolling video game

A **side-scrolling video game** is a video game where the player goes toward one side of the screen, either to the left or the right, although this is different for each video game. A famous side-scroller is *Super Mario Bros.* The character usually moves from left to right but sometimes it is the other way around. In the golden age of video games, Side scrollers were a big thing and they still are to this day.
Eating

**Eating** is taking in food to get energy or nutrients or for . People and animals need to eat because they cannot make their own food inside their bodies like plants. All plants' energy comes from the Sun. Plants take the Sun's energy, and they are eaten as food. The animals then eat each other for their energy.

When a plant collects energy from the Sun through its leaves, it is called photosynthesis.
Bathroom

A **bathroom** (also known as a **restroom**, **washroom**, **toilet** or **lavatory)** is where people go for personal hygiene activities. This includes use of the toilet, wash their hands, brush their teeth, take a bath, take a dump, or take a shower. The room may also contain a sink, often called a "wash basin", “hair basin” or "hand basin" (in parts of the United States) and often a "lavatory." In the United States, "bathroom" mostly means "a room containing a lavatory." In other countries this is mostly called the "toilet". The word "bathroom" is also used in the United States for a public toilet or "restroom." Bathrooms also have bathroom cabinets.

## History
Baths go back to 3,000 B.C. Usually, a town would have a special building for people to take baths, which sometimes were part of a religious ceremony. Starting in the 16th century, public baths started declining. People at this time started building baths inside their homes.

## Variations
Usually, a **full bath** will have a toilet, a sink, a bathtub and/or a shower. If a bathroom has only a toilet and a sink, then it is called a **half bath** or a **powder room**. A **master bath** is connected to a master bedroom for the use of whoever lives in that bedroom and no one else. A Semi-Ensuit is a Bathroom connected to the master bedroom and also acts as the main bathroom to the rest of the house via a second door, usually found in smaller homes and units with 2-3 bedrooms. A "Jack and Jill" Bathroom is usually a bathroom connecting 2 kids bedroom directly to the bathroom via separate doors.
Shower

]]
A **shower** is a place where a person  themself by using water. They stand up when they use a shower and usually do not  clothes in a shower. Showers have a shower head that squirts out water usually from above.

There are different kinds of showers. One is a "power shower" where there are many jets of water from all around. Another is the one in the picture. Some are in baths, and others are on their own.

Showers are mainly used for hygiene.
Gangtok

**Gangtok** is the capital of the Indian state of Sikkim, It has a population of 50,000. It is located at a height of 1,780 metres in the Himalayan Mountains . It is small town, filled with different cultures and religions living together. 

The city has wide roads, flyovers, markets, a modern hospital, schools, colleges and universities, fast food shops, discothèques, and all other modern amenities. One imposing man-made landmark of the town is the 200 ft-high TV tower which overlooks the town and is near the Enchey Monastery below Ganesh Tok.
Erinyes

The **Erinyes** (or **Eumenides**) were the goddesses of revenge in Greek mythology. They are also known as the **Furies**. These three female divinities were named **Alecto**, **Tisiphone**, and **Megaera**.

## Description
The Erinyes were born from Mother Earth and the blood of Uranos. They avenged family crimes such as matricide and patricide. They also tormented evil men in the "Hell" of the underworld, Tartarus.

The Erinyes forever followed a person who did a crime. They even could make the person go mad. They are often shown with snakes on their heads, blood coming out of their eyes, and looking horrific.

## In stories
A well known story about the Erinyes is that of Orestes. Orestes' mother Klytaimnestra, and her lover Aegisthos, killed Orestes' father Agamemnon. The god Apollo told Orestes to kill the murderers of his father, which he did. Orestes was then pursued by the Erinyes for his crime. With the help of Athena and Apollo Orestes went to a court in Athens. It was decided that Orestes acted correctly and nobody should hurt him. Even the Erinyes accepted the decision, and from then on they were also called **Eumenides**, which means "the kind ones", because they could also let people go in peace if their crime was done for a good reason.

## Other websites
*The Theoi Project, "The Erinyes"
Dike

**Dike** or **dyke**, can mean:
* A slang term for lesbian
* Another word for levee, a long wall or bank built to hold water, or to separate land areas
**Dykes may have sluice gates at intervals. They may be raised to let water through.
* Dyke (geology), where magma or sediment cut across normal rock formations
* Another word for diagonal pliers, a hand tool used by electricians and others
* Dike, the Greek goddess of moral justice, one of the Horae
Transposition (music)

**Transposition** or **transposing** in music means playing or writing music in a way that makes it sound higher or lower. This can be done by playing or writing the music in a different key, or by playing or writing it up or down an octave, without changing the key.

Transposing is a useful skill for people who play an instrument, especially the piano, organ, or some other keyboard instrument. If a pianist is accompanying a singer and the song is a little too high for the singer’s voice, it is very useful if he is able to transpose it down so that the music sounds in a lower key. For example, if the music is written in the key of C major, it could be transposed down a whole tone so that it sounds in B-flat major.

Most electronic keyboards and organs these days have buttons which can set notes to transpose automatically. This can be very useful, although it may be confusing for people with absolute pitch.

## How to transpose 
It is a good idea for people who play keyboard instruments or other kinds of transposing instruments to practise transposing. There are two ways to do this:

#Transpose each note, one at a time. For example, when transposing from C to B-flat major, each note has to be one tone lower: an A becomes a G, a G becomes an F, an F becomes an E-flat, and so on.
#By watching or hearing the intervals between the notes in of the music and thinking of the same thing in the new key. For example: when a note leaps up a major third in the old key, the same needs to happen in the new key.

Transposing by intervals is the better way of transposing, but when people transpose they sometimes also transpose the notes the first way, one by one.

There is another possibility which sometimes works: by thinking in a different clef. For example, someone who is used to reading music in the alto clef, such as a violist, can transpose up a tone from music written in the treble clef by imagining it was written in the alto clef and playing an octave lower (a note on the middle line in the treble clef is a B, but in the alto clef it is a C). They could also imagine the new key signature of 2 sharps – it becomes a C sharp.

It is very important to understand key signatures in order to be able to transpose.  This is why it is so useful to practice scales.

## References
Technological singularity

The **technological singularity** or **tech singularity** is the idea that a machine or computer, or a group of machines and computers, will one day be smarter than humans.

Because it has not happened yet, nobody really knows what the technological singularity will do, or if it will even happen. Nonetheless, the technological singularity has been a subject in many science fiction works, such as *The Terminator*, *The Matrix*, and the Borg in *Star Trek*. In most depictions of the singularity, machines have consciousness and humans are considered to be useless. The futurist (who studies about the future) and inventor Ray Kurzweil believes the *Singularity* will happen about the year 2045. The major impetus driving toward the singularity, according to Kurzweil, is that according to Moore's Law, computers are doubling in memory capacity every 18 months. According to Kurzweil, by 2029, computers will be as intelligent as human beings (see artificial intelligence).

Possible effects of such a singularity can include
* Human extinction or enslavement
* Mass unemployment, starvation, etc.
* A post-scarcity system
* Cybernetic immortality
* Mind uploading
Etc.

## Related pages
* Cybernetics
* Emerging technologies
* Innovation

## References
## Other websites
* Technological Singularity subreddit
* The Technological Singularity and Merging with Machines - BigThink.com
Alkmene

**Alcmene** *ALK-meen* is a person mentioned in Greek mythology. She is not a goddess, for Alcmene was mortal. She was the daughter of King Elektryon of Mycenae and his wife Anaxo. She was the wife of Amphitryon. She is the mother of Heracles *HERR-uh-klees* and Iphicles.

Once when Amphitryon was not at home, the god Zeus, seduced Alcmene in the form of Amphitryon. Alcmene gave birth to Heracles, who was the son of Zeus, and Iphicles, who was the son of Amphitryon. Zeus wanted to kill her for yet another unknown reason of godlore, but Heracles, one day old, saved her.
GB

**GB** or **Gb** can mean:

* Sarin
* Great Britain, or the United Kingdom (ISO 3166 code: GB)
* Gigabyte (GB), a unit of information
* Game Boy handheld video game console line
Centaur

A **centaur** is a creature in Greek mythology. It has the upper body of a human, but below the waist it has the body of a horse. There are also female centaurs. Centaurs lived in far away places, including Thessaly and Cyprus. They were wild, like wild horses. 

 (Mosaic from Roman Tunisia, 2nd century AD)]]

Famous centaurs are Chiron and Nessus.

## Other websites
Andromeda (mythology)

In Greek mythology, **Andromeda** (, *Androméda* or Ἀνδρομέδη, *Andromédē*) is an Aethiopian princess, the daughter of King Cepheus and his wife Cassiopeia. When Cassiopeia boasted that her daughter was more beautiful than the Nereids, this angered the sea god Poseidon, who sent the sea monster Ceto to ravage the land as punishment. Desperate, King Cepheus consulted the Oracle of Delphi, who stated that Andromeda must be offered as a sacrifice to the sea monster; Andromeda was then chained to a rock by the shore. When the hero Perseus saw Andromeda (having flown over after beheading Medusa), he killed the sea monster and saved Andromeda. They were soon married, with Perseus going on to found the city of Mycenae. By Perseus, she is the mother of Perses, Alcaeus, Heleus, Mestor, Sthenelus and Electryon as well as two daughters Autochthe and Gorgophone. Andromeda is also the great-grandmother of Herakles. 

In Greek, her name means "ruler of men," from  ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός (*anēr*, *andrós* - "[of] man"), and *medon* ("ruler").
Bruntál

**Bruntál** is a small city in the Czech Republic. Bruntál is in the Hrubý Jeseník mountains (part of Nízký Jeseník). Approximately 20,000 people live there. 

Bruntál was probably built in 1223. Its name is in the Unicov Charter published by Přemysl Otakar I. It is the oldest Czech city with Magdeburg Rights, meaning a city that can have its own wall and judges. Otakar I gave it these rights because of the gold, silver and other minerals from there.

## Attractions 
In Bruntál there are many places that tourists visit – for example, the Castle of Bruntál, the Decanal church of the Virgin Mary, Gabriel's house, Mildner's villa, Klippel's column.

## Notable people 
* Tereza Krones  - also known as Therese Krones
* Engelbert Adam  - writer 
* Jan Krištof Handke
* Rudolf Templer  - painter
* Viktor Heeger  - pedagogue
* Karl Anton Gebauer  explorer 
* Walter Gotschke  self-taught artist
* Emmerich Machold 

Some of the most notable authors who wrote about the place include: Erwin Weiser, Bruno Hanns Wittek, Josef Lowag, and Kurt Langer.

## Schools 
There are 5 primary schools and 6 intermediate schools. Since 2003, there are 2 universities.

## Culture 
There is one cinema, one theater, and one cultural building.

## References
Concerto grosso

A **Concerto Grosso** is a piece of music from the 18th century in which there are a small group of instruments and a large group of instruments.  These two groups are contrasted with one another. Sometimes both play together, sometimes one plays by itself, or the two groups might imitate one another.  The small group is called “concertino” and the large group is called "tutti", “ripieno” or “concerto grosso” (the same name as the musical piece).  “Concerto grosso” is Italian for “big concerto”.   The plural is “concerti grossi”.  Notice that the second “c” in “concerto” is pronounced like an English “ch”.

A concerto grosso has several parts that differ in speed and character. There are usually three movements; the first is fast, the second is slow, and the last is fast. The first movement contrasts the tutti and the soloists, the second movement is quiet, while the last movement is lively.

The composer who made the concerto grosso very popular was the Italian Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713).  The instruments in the small group of soloists in his concerti grossi were usually two violins and one cello.  George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) also used that combination for his concerti grossi.  

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) wrote a set of six concertos known as the *Brandenburg Concertos*.  Each of the Brandenburg Concertos is for a different combination of instruments.  Most of them are concerti grossi.  The second one, for example, has a concertino group of four instruments: trumpet, violin, recorder and oboe.

After the Baroque period, few composers wrote concerti grossi.  They were more interested in the solo concerto.  However, in the 20th century, some composers, including Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) and Bela Bartok (1881-1945), wrote pieces of music that are like concerti grossi.

## Related pages
*Concerto
Ape

**Apes** are mammals belonging to the primate family **Hominoidea**. Its members are called **hominoids**. They are native to Africa and Southeast Asia. Its living members are divided into two families:
*Hylobatidae, consisting of gibbons and siamangs.
*Hominidae, consisting of orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and humans.
In everyday use, "ape" often refers only to hominoids other than humans.

One clear difference between monkeys and apes is that monkeys almost always have tails, but hominoids never do. There are also differences in their teeth and the way they move their arms. They have a wide degree of freedom at the shoulder joint, which helps them swing by their arms in the trees (brachiation).

The diets of apes are similar to those of other primates. They eat fruits, nuts, seeds, leaves and sometimes other animals. They are generally omnivores, though most of their intake is primarily herbivorous.
 of the superfamily Hominoidea. It highlights the subfamily Homininae. First the gibbons (Hylobatidae) split from the main line some 18 million years ago. Next, the subfamily Ponginae broke away—leading to the current orangutan. Later the Homininae split into the tribe Hominini (with subtribes Hominina and Panina), and the tribe Gorillini]]

## References
## Other websites
Hattingen

**Hattingen an der Ruhr** is a city about 60,000 people in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It belongs to the Ruhr area. It is south of Bochum and Essen. Very famous is its *Altstadt*.

## References
## Other websites
Shart

***Shart*** is the name of several Bollywood and Tollywood movies.

**Shart* (1954), directed by Bibhuti Mitra, starring Deepak and Shashikala
**Shart* (1969), directed by Kewal Misra, starring Sanjay Khan and Mumtaz
**Shart* (1986), directed by Ketan Anand, starring Naseeruddin Shah and Shabana Azmi
**Shart: The Challenge* (2004), directed by Puri Jagannadh, starring Amrita Arora and Snehal Dabi
Morning wood

**Morning wood** is an informal term for a morning erection, for which the technical medical term is "nocturnal penile tumescence". It means an erection that a man sometimes has while asleep or right after waking up. Men who do not have erectile dysfunction can experience this sensation. It usually happens during Rapid Eye Movement sleep. Other slang terms include "morning glory" and "morning tent".

## References
Indian subcontinent

The **Indian subcontinent** is a term mainly used for the geographic region which includes: Bangladesh, Bhutan, the Republic of India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is north of the Indian Ocean. It is south of the Himalayas, one of the world's largest ranges of tall mountains.

The subcontinent was once part of Gondwana, the ancient southern supercontinent. Geologically, the origin of the Himalayas is the impact of the Indian tectonic plate travelling northward at 15&nbsp;cm per year to slowly squeeze the Eurasian continent, about 40-50 million years ago. The formation of the Himalayan arc resulted in the rock of the seabeds of that time being uplifted into mountains. An often-cited fact used to illustrate this process is that the summit of Mount Everest is made of marine limestone.

About 50 million years ago, this fast moving plate had completely closed the Tethys Ocean. The existence of the Tethys has been proved by sedimentary rocks settled on the ocean floor, and the volcanoes that fringed its edges. Since these sediments were light, they crumpled into mountain ranges rather than sank to the floor. The Indian plate is still driving horizontally below the Tibetan Plateau, which forces the plateau to move upwards. Over the next 10 million years it may travel about 1,500&nbsp;km into Asia. About 20&nbsp;mm per year of the India-Asia convergence is absorbed by thrusting along the Himalaya southern front. This leads to the Himalayas rising by about 5&nbsp;mm per year, making them geologically active. The movement of the Indian plate into the Asian plate also leads to earthquakes from time to time.

## Related pages 
*South Asia

## Notes
## Reference
Tagalog language

**Tagalog** is one of the main or major local and regional languages in the Philippines, and it is "in practice" but not "according to the law" the basis, foundation or core of the current national language and one of the two official languages of the Philippines, which is named, declared, and called the Filipino language. More than 22 million people speak Tagalog as their first language.

Tagalog was originally spoken by the Tagalog people in the Philippines, who were mainly in most of the central and southern parts of Luzon, the northern island chain of the Philippines. 

Today, Tagalog is spoken nationwide and used by other Filipinos as a second language and by most Filipinos from different parts of the Philippines to understand one another. 

The Filipino language is a language that continues to undergo evolution and development from the Pilipino language since 1987. It has more influences from the other languages of the Philippines and foreign languages than the core Tagalog language. 

The Pilipino language since 1959 has been the final official name of the former or previous official and national language of the Philippines. It is one of the two official languages of the Philippines, with English being the other.

Filipino originally was used with an abugida writing system, Baybayin, but the Latin  alphabet is now used, especially the former or previous abakada (type of alphabet), which ahd 25 letters and the current Filipino alphabet, which has 28 letters.

## Sample phrases 
* Magandang Umaga! - Good Morning!
*Magandang Gabi! - Good Evening!
*Magandang Tanghali! - Good Afternoon!
*Kumusta!/Kamusta? - How are you?/Hello! (Informal)
*May ______ ba kayo? - Do you have ______?(Formal)
* Mayroon po: Response to "May ______ ba kayo", meaning "Yes, sir".
* Wala po - Opposite of "Mayroon po".
* Kayo - you (formal), informally, it refers to "you all".
* Magkano ito? - How much is this?
* po: ma'am or sir (used in sentences to be polite to an elder speaker)
* Mabuhay! - Long Live
* Ako po si (Pangalan)... - I am (Name)...
* Mahal kita - I love you
* Nanay - Mom
* Tatay - Dad
* Hindi - No
* Bakit? - Why?
* Saan? - Where?
* Ano? - What?
* Kailan? - When?
* Sino? - Who?

## Related pages
*Tagalog Wikipedia

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
Basso continuo

)]]
**Basso continuo** is a form of musical accompaniment used in the Baroque period. It means "continuous bass".

Basso continuo, sometimes just called "continuo", was played by an instrument providing chordal accompaniment such as a keyboard instrument or plucked string instrument such as the lute along with another bass instrument such as cello, violone, or bassoon. The keyboard instrument was normally a harpsichord but could also be an organ, such as a small portative instrument. 

It was not usual to write out all the notes for the keyboard player.  The composer normally just wrote the bass line which would be played by the left hand and doubled on the other bass instrument.  The composer would indicate what the harmony should be (which chords should be played) by writing figures underneath the music. 

## Examples

File:Penelope_-_Di_misera_regina.ogg|Claudio Monteverdi:*Di misera, regina* from''Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria*
File:Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach_-_Sonata_in_Bb_major.ogg|C. P. E. Bach: Sonata for flute & b. c. B-flat Wq. 125
File:Lully Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme - 08. Air des Espagnoles.ogg|J.&nbsp;B. Lully:*Air des Espagnoles* from*Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme''

## References