open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Arrogance

**Arrogance** (also called **hubris**) indicates strong pride or acting extremely self-important. In particular, a loss of contact with reality and overestimating one's own competence or capability.

Arrogance is also associated with lack of humility and love toward oneself. Examples include making oneself far more important than others or superiority. Children raised around arrogance may be arrogant themselves.

Arrogance is usually detrimental and fosters a negative-minded culture. Some sources, however, also indicate arrogance means taking and receiving pride with one's work.

Arrogance is different from confidence. Arrogance may be associated with insecurity. Confidence has an association with improving and examining one's own weaknesses.

**Hubris** is the ancient Greek concept. It is similar to arrogance, but is usually translated as *pride*. Because their societies were more concerned with honour, it works out as somewhat different from arrogance. To understand it fully one needs to work through the Greek passages where it is used, which is beyond our scope. For example, the use of force to shame someone would have been considered hubris.

## Related pages
* Confidence
* Dunning–Kruger effect
* Megalomania
* Narcissism

## References
Steven Yeun

**Steven Yeun** (born December 21, 1983) is a South Korean-American actor, voice actor and singer. He is most well known for his role as "Glenn" in the AMC original series *The Walking Dead*. Yeun was born in Seoul, South Korea and grew up in Troy, Michigan. Along with *The Walking Dead*, he has acted in multiple movies and television series, such as *The Big Bang Theory* and *The Lemons Show*.

In 2021, he was nominated for an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award.

## References
Crisis hotline

, a crisis line in the United States and Canada]]

**Crisis hotlines** are telephone numbers that people can call to get  and  counseling. Since the 1970s, most areas around the United States have had these lines. The lines were originally for suicides or stopping suicide. Now they also deal with family abuse, emotional troubles, and depression. There are also special text and call lines especially for teenagers.

## History 
In the United States, the first crisis help line began in 1958; the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center. It used trained voluneers to answer calls 24 hours a day. San Francisco Suicide Prevention started a hotline "Call Bruce" in 1962.

A similar service, Lifeline, was started in Australia in 1963.

Lifelink Samaritans Tas. Inc, began in Launceston, Tasmania in 1968.  It was started as a way to help people in emotional pain that could not talk with family and friends.
It answered calls 24 hours a day throughout the country of Tasmania.

## References
Boys Town

**Boys Town** is an American non-profit organization based in Boys Town, Nebraska. It used to be called **Girls and Boys Town** and '''Father Flanagan's Home for Boys'''.

The original Boys Town organization was an orphanage that was established in December 1917 by Edward J. Flanagan. It has since expanded into twelve regions across the United States, including Louisiana, Nevada and the Northeastern United States.

## References
Boys Town, Nebraska

**Boys Town** is a village in eastern Nebraska. It is a suburb of Omaha. The population was 410 at the 2020 census, down from 745 at the 2010 census. The Boys Town organization was established here.

## References
Selçuk Uluergüven

**Selçuk Uluergüven** (1 January 1941 &ndash; 8 January 2014) was a Turkish actor. He appeared in over 80 movies and many television and stage roles. Uluergüven began his theatre career in 1962, at Meydan Stage in Ankara.

Uluergüven died on 8 January 2014 in Aydın, Turkey. He was 73.

## References
## Other websites
* Selçuk Uluergüven at SinemaTürk website
British Armed Forces

The **British Armed Forces** are the military of the United Kingdom. They are officially called '''His Majesty's Armed Forces** and sometimes called the **Armed Forces of the Crown'*. The British Armed Forces are made up of three parts: the British Army, the Royal Navy (including the Royal Marines) and the Royal Air Force.

The Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces is the British monarch. Members of the British Armed Forces must swear allegiance that they will obey the orders of the monarch. Under the constitution of the United Kingdom, the armed forces controlled by the Crown, but because of the 1689 Bill of Rights, the British may not have an army during peacetime unless the British Parliament allows it. However, the British Parliament now passes an Armed Forces Act every five years as a formality. The British Prime Minister is the *de facto'' commander of the British Armed Forces, which are managed by the Ministry of Defence.

The British Armed Forces protect the United Kingdom, the British overseas territories and the Crown dependencies and take part in United Nations peacekeeping missions  NATO missions. The most recent wars in which the British Armed Forces have fought are the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, peacekeeping in Operation Palliser in Sierra Leone, peacekeeping in the Balkans and Cyprus and defending the no-fly zone over Libya. The British Armed Forces have bases in the following places: Ascension Island, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Diego Garcia, the Falkland Islands, Germany, Gibraltar, Kenya, Qatar and the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus.

The United Kingdom tested its first nuclear weapon in Operation Hurricane in 1952. , Britain is one of the five recognised nuclear powers and has around 225 nuclear warheads, which are controlled by the Royal Navy.

## Related pages 
* British Indian Ocean Territory 
* Saint Helena
* Ascension Island
* Tristan da Cunha

## Notes 
## References
Josep Maria Castellet

**Josep Maria Castellet Díaz de Cossío** (15 December 1926 &ndash; 9 January 2014), also known as **José María Castellet**, was an Spanish writer, poet, critic, publisher and editor.

Castellet was born in Barcelona on 15 December 1926. He began his career in writing in 1955. He wrote novels and poetry in both Catalan and Spanish. His last novel was published in 2012.

Castellet died on 9 January 2014 from pneumonia. He was aged 87. He died in his hometown of Barcelona.

## References
Trinity College, Oxford

**Trinity College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1555 by Thomas Pope. Pope purchased the buildings of the former Durham College, which dated from 1286, to house the college. The oldest surviving building at the college is the Old Library, which was built in 1421. 

## References
Dawson College shooting

The **Dawson College shooting** was a school shooting on September 13, 2006. It took place at the Dawson College in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Kimveer Gill, a twenty-five year old Indo-Canadian, shot 20 people and killed 1 person as well as himself (suicide) after being shot in the arm by a police officer.

Gill had a Vampirefreaks.com profile and mentioned the song "À Tout le Monde" by thrash metal band Megadeth on the day of the shooting. News outlets blamed Megadeth for the shooting. Later in 2006, Megadeth performed a live concert in Montreal and responded to the blame they and their music received. Lead singer and guitarist Dave Mustaine said to the crowd:

::''"The guy who went to Dawson College and shot everyone, it's terrible. Aside from the fact that what he did was wrong, we have a relationship with Montreal, and that really pissed us off."''

Mustaine was also interviewed by CBC News before Megadeth's concert and said :

::''"I was so angry that this guy would use my song, and that he would try and turn that beautiful song into something ugly and nasty. It's for those who lost their lives, and it's a gift to those who are in the process of healing (...) and Gill was not worthy of being a Megadeth fan."'' 

Gill entered the school and went to the cafeteria. He walked to the corner of the room and shot students that were standing in front of him. He ordered the students to lie on the floor and shot at more students. Two police officers that were visiting the school at the time because of an unrelated incident rushed to the cafeteria after hearing the gunfire. More officers surrounded the college and Gill took two more people hostage. Officer Denis Côté shot him in the arm and Gill killed himself.

## References
Albert I of Belgium

**Albert I** (April 8, 1875 &ndash; February 17, 1934) reigned as King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934. This was an eventful period in the history of Belgium. It included the period of World War I (1914-1918).  

## References
John Loves Mary

***John Loves Mary*** is an American romance movie. It is directed by David Butler. It stars Ronald Reagan, Patricia Neal and Jack Carson. It was released on February 19, 1949.

## References
Dimebag Darrell

**Darrell Lance Abbott** (August 20, 1966 – December 8, 2004), also called **Diamond Darrell** and **Dimebag Darrell**, was an American heavy metal musician. He was best known for performing with the bands Pantera and Damageplan. He was #92 in *Rolling Stone* magazine's 100 Greatest Guitarists and #1 in the magazine *Metal Hammer*.

## Death
On the night of December 8, 2004, he was shot dead on stage while performing with Damageplan at the Alrosa Villa in Columbus, Ohio. The suspect, Nathan Gale, fatally shoots three other people and injured seven others. Police officer James Niggemeyer shot Gale to death after the attack.

## 2015 damage to the site where Abbott was buried 
On February 28th, 2015, someone said that the site where Darrell Abbott's dead body was buried at Moore Memorial Gardens Cemetery was damaged.  It is suspected but not proven that American heavy metal music group Nuclear Hellfrost from Fort Wayne, Indiana damaged the site.  Pantera told law enforcement about this, who are trying to find answers.

Close to 4:12 P.M. (Central Standard Time) on February 28th, Nuclear Hellfrost said on Facebook that their former lead singer damaged the site by himself without the other members of the group.

## References
Tennessee's Partner

'''''Tennessee's Partner''''' is an American western movie. It is directed by Allan Dwan. It stars John Payne, Ronald Reagan, Rhonda Fleming, and Coleen Gray. It was released on September 1, 1955.
Robert Cummings

**Charles Clarence Robert Orville Cummings** (June 9, 1910 – December 2, 1990) was an American television and movie actor. He starred in many television programs and lots of movies in the 1940s and 1950s. He was born in Joplin, Missouri.

On December 2, 1990, Cummings died of kidney failure and complications from pneumonia. He died at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
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Susan Hayward

**Susan Hayward** (30 June 1917 — 14 March 1975) was an American actress. Her original name was **Edythe Marrenner**. She began her career as a fashion model in New York City. She began acting in Hollywood in 1937. She played Janice Blair in *And Now Tomorrow*. For her role as Lillian Roth in the movie ''I'll Cry Tomorrow'', she received a Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival.

Hayward was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died of brain cancer at age 57. Hayward was born the same day as singer Lena Horne.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Article about the radioactive film set  (from The Straight Dope)
* Susan Hayward @ FashionState.com
* Photographs and bibliography
* Susan Hayward collection at the University of West Georgia
Jane Froman

**Jane Froman** (November 10, 1907 – April 22, 1980) was an American singer and actress. She acted in  several movies, such as *Kissing Time* and *Radio City Rebels*. She hosted her own television show *The Jane Froman Show* from 1952 to 1955.

In February 1953, Froman was in an airplane crash. She was badly injured and crippled. After this she had to use crutches to walk.

Froman was born in the St. Louis suburb of University City, Missouri. She died from cardiac arrest, in Columbia, Missouri. She was aged 72.

## References
Swedish Alliance Mission

The **Swedish Alliance Mission** (*SAM*, ) is a Christian denomination in Sweden. It is mainly based in the town of Jönköping. In 2009 the denomination had 13,448 members. within 167 congregations both inside and outside Sweden.

The denomination was created in 1919 from a merger of Jönköping Mission Society, the Jönköping Circle Christian Youth Association and the Scandinavian Alliance Mission in Sweden.

## References
## Other websites
*Svenska Alliansmissionen
*Jönköpings allianskyrka
Madelyn Lee Payne

**Madelyn Lee Payne Dunham** ( ; October 26, 1922 – November 2, 2008) was the grandmother of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. Her daughter was Obama mother's, Ann Dunham. Madelyn and her husband Stanley Armour raised Obama from age ten in their apartment in Honolulu, Hawaii. She died two days before her grandson was elected President.

## Life
Madelyn Lee Payne was born in Peru, Kansas. She was the eldest of four children. Her younger brother was Charles T. Payne. Their parents were Rolla Charles "R.C." Payne (August 23, 1892 – October 15, 1968) and Leona Belle (McCurry) Payne (May 7, 1897 – March 22, 1968). In Barack Obama's memoir, *Dreams From My Father*, he describes them as "stern Methodist parents who did not believe in drinking, playing cards or dancing." She moved with her parents to Augusta, Kansas at the age of three. Madelyn was one of the best students at Augusta High School. She graduated from there in 1940.

## Death
Madelyn died in Hawaii, on November 2, 2008. It was two days before the presidential election. Obama's campaign team announced that she had died "peacefully" after suffering from cancer. Dunham's absentee vote, received by the election office on October 27, was included in Hawaii's total vote count.

A private funeral was held on December 23, 2008, at the First Unitarian Church of Honolulu. Obama and his sister Maya scattered their grandmother's ashes in the ocean at Lanai Lookout.  It was the same spot where they had scattered their mother's ashes in 1995.  Obama was staying at Plantation Estate at the time.

## References
Baptist Union of Sweden

The **Baptist Union of Sweden** () was a Baptist denomination in Sweden. In 2012, it participated in creating the Uniting Church in Sweden.

## Other websites
*website
Dale T. Mortensen

**Dale Thomas Mortensen** (February 2, 1939 – January 9, 2014) was an American economist. He received his Bachelor of Arts in economics from Willamette University and his PhD in Economics from Carnegie Mellon University.

Mortensen was born in Enterprise, Oregon on February 2, 1939.

He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2010. He won the award with Christopher A. Pissarides from the London School of Economics and Peter A. Diamond from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They were awarded it for "their analysis of markets with search frictions".

Mortensen died on January 9, 2014 from a stroke and cancer. He died at his home in Wilmette, Illinois. He was aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Dale T. Mortensen  official site
*Dale Mortensen  at School of Economics and Management at Aarhus University
*Markets with Search Frictions 2010 lecture at NobelPrize.org
*Profile and Papers at Research Papers in Economics/RePEc
When the Tigers Broke Free

"**When the Tigers Broke Free**" is a song by Pink Floyd featured in the musical movie *Pink Floyd - The Wall*. It is about the main character, Pink, remembering the death of his father in World War II's Operation Shingle in Anzio, Italy. In 2004, a new version of the song was released on *The Final Cut*.
Broadwater Farm

**Broadwater Farm** is an area in Tottenham in North London. It is often simply called "The Farm". Between 3800 and 4000 people live there. In 1985 the Broadwater Farm riot happened there. After this some people left Broadwater Farm. About 70% of the people who live there are ethnic minorities. 39 languages are spoken there.

## References
Chandler Riggs

**Chandler Riggs** is an American actor. He is most well known for his role on the AMC original series *The Walking Dead*, as Carl Grimes. He was born in June 27, 1999 in Atlanta, Georgia. Along with his role in *The Walking Dead*, he has starred in several other movies such as *Get Low* and *Mercy*. Chandler has been nominated for *Best Child Actor* in both 2012 and 2013.

## References
Myliobatiformes

**Myliobatiformes** is one of the four groups of batoids. It is made up of cartilaginous fishes. They are related to the shark family. They were recently re-classified as part of the monophyletic group, after being part of the Rajiformes group.  Another relative to Myliobatiformes is the common form of skates.

## Families
* Platyrhinidae
* Zanobatidae 
* Myliobatoidei
* Hexatrygonidae
* Plesiobatidae
* Urolophidae
* Urotrygonidae
* Dasyatidae

## References
United Methodist Church of Sweden

The **United Methodist Church of Sweden** () was a Christian denomination in Sweden. It existed between 1868 and 2012. It contributed towards the creation of the Uniting Church in Sweden. According to a report from 2009, the denomination had 6,436 members.

## References
## Other websites
*Former website
Athina Onassis

**Athina Onassis Roussel** (alternate: **Athina Onassis de Miranda**; born 28 January 1985) is a French-Greek heiress. Her grandfather was Aristotle Onassis, a wealthy shipping businessman. She is his only living descendant. Her mother was Christina Onassis. Athina inherited her great grandfather's fortune when her mother died in 1988.

Roussel was born at American Hospital of Paris in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. She is the eldest of Thierry Roussel's four children. She is a horse rider.

## References
Tom O'Carroll

'''Thomas Victor O'Carroll''' (born 1945) is an Irish writer. He is an activist for pedophiles. He lives in Cumbria. 

## Career
In 1980 O'Carroll's first book, *Paedophilia: The Radical Case*, was published. In the book, O'Carroll talks about his own experiences as a pedophile and about how sex between children and adults is not wrong. The book was taken off Amazon in 2010.
In June 2010 ''Michael Jackson's Dangerous Liaisons'', a book he wrote about Michael Jackson was published under a pen name.

## Sex offences
O'Carroll was first jailed in 1981 for the contact ads in the Paedophile Information Exchange's magazine. In August 2002, O'Carroll was imprisoned for nine months, and jailed again in 2006 for two and a half years for having child pornography.

## References
Celtic shields

**Celtic shields** were used in battle by the Celts and other ancient tribes as their main weapon for defense. They are often found in Iron Age male burial sites. The Witham shield and the Battersea shield are two of the most well-known Celtic shields.

## Design 
Celtic shields were usually oval or elongated oval in shape. They could also be round or hexagon shaped. On the front was usually a hollow wood shield boss to protect the hand. The boss was usually elongated to make the shield stronger and was sometimes covered by a metal plate. Some were also found in Lincolnshire in the River Witham. They were covered with thin sheets of metal with Celtic designs embossed on them. They were larger, but like others constructed of wood. These were clearly for use in ceremonies and not designed for battle.

## Notes 
## References
Relish

A **relish** is a cooked, , or  vegetable or fruit.

## Origin and use
Relish originated in India, and has spread worldwide. Although it is used as an ingredient in many different dishes in India, it is mainly used as a condiment in most other countries. This use has made it one of the world's largest selling condiments. It is mainly used on hot dogs and hamburgers.

## Related pages
*Condiment
*Ketchup
*Mustard

## References
Takanori Nishikawa

**Takanori Nishikawa** (born September 19, 1970) is a Japanese singer and actor. He performs as **T.M.Revolution**. T.M.Revolution were the first group to be signed to Tofu Records. Nishikawa has released 8 studio albums. He first acted in the television series *Beautiful Life* in 2000.

Nishikawa was born in Hikone, Shiga and moved to Yasu, Shiga when he was young.

## References
Entronque de Herradura

**Entronque de Herradura** is a village in the western province of Pinar del Río, Cuba. It is one of the 13 villages of the municipality Consolación del Sur. It covers 59.84&nbsp;km². It was founded in 1907.

## Other websites
Mary Daly

**Mary Daly** (October 16, 1928 – January 3, 2010) was an American radical feminist philosopher. Daly taught classes at Boston College from 1967 to 1999. Daly argued that instead of a patriarchy we should have a matriarchy. Her first book, *The Church and the Second Sex*, was published in 1968. 

## Death
Daly died when she was 81 years old. Daly was the dissertation adviser of Janice Raymond.

## References
Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix

***Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix*** is a remix album by the American singer Michael Jackson. It was released on May 20, 1997 by Epic Records. It has sold six million copies. Three singles were released from the album. It is the best-selling remix album ever. The album has five new songs. Tracks six to thirteen are remixes of songs from Jackson's album *HIStory*.

"Blood on the Dance Floor" was released as the album's first single. It reached number one in the UK, Spain, and Denmark. "HIStory/Ghosts" was released as the second single. "Is It Scary" was released as the third single.

The second song on the album, "Morphine", includes Jackson saying 'demerol' many times. Demerol is a drug that was found in Jackson's body after he died.

## Track listing 
## References
Paris Lees

**Paris Lees** is a British journalist and activist for transgender rights. She is a bisexual trans woman. She is an editor for *META* magazine. She has written for newspapers including *The Independent*, *The Guardian*, and *The Daily Telegraph*. She works with Trans Media Watch. In October 2013 Lees was the first transgender person to be on *Question Time*. That month she was named by *The Independent* as the most influential LGBT person in the UK.she also went to the holgate academy in hucknall Nottinghamshire 

## Early life
Lees grew up in Hucknall in Nottingham. Until she was eighteen she thought that she was gay.

When Lees was eighteen she was in prison for 8 months for robbery. While she was there she stopped smoking and decided she wanted to live as a woman and go back to college to do her A Levels. She moved to Brighton to study English at university after getting her A Levels.

## References
Zbigniew Messner

**Zbigniew Stefan Messner**  (13 March 1929 &ndash; 10 January 2014) was a Polish economist and politician. He was a member of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party from 1981 until 1988. This is a Communist party. Messner was deputy prime minister from 1983 to 1985, and Prime Minister from 1985 to 1988.

He was born in Stryj.

## Other websites
* Photograph and short biography of Zbigniew Messner
Reagan (2011 movie)

***Reagan*** is an American documentary movie from 2011. It is directed and written by Eugene Jarecki. It is about the life and presidency of Ronald Reagan. It was released to honor Reagan's 100 birthday. It received positive reviews by the New York Times.

## References
Captain EO

for the revival of Captain EO in 2010]]
***Captain EO*** is an American-British short 3D science fiction movie. It is 17 minutes long. It is about an astronaut and hero called "Captain EO". He is played by Michael Jackson. Anjelica Huston plays the alien villain called the "Supreme Leader". The executive producer was George Lucas and the movie director was Francis Ford Coppola (who came up with the name "Captain EO" from Eos, the Greek goddess of dawn). *Captain EO* is one of the first 4D movies. The movie played at Disneyland and Epcot. In 1996 *Captain EO* was shown on MTV. This is the only time it was shown on television. It has never been released on video or DVD. The movie can be watched on the internet from video sharing websites such as YouTube.
Christine Cavanaugh

**Christine Cavanaugh** (August 16, 1963 &ndash; December 22, 2014) was an American actress. During her career, she has voiced many different animated characters. Her best known roles were as the voice of the main character Babe in the movie *Babe* (1995), Chuckie Finster in the Nickelodeon series *Rugrats* and original voice of Dexter in the Cartoon Network series ''Dexter's Laboratory* and *The Powerpuff Girls*.

In 2000, she won an Annie Award for *Voice Acting By a Female Performer in an Animated Television Production* for her performance of Dexter in the television special *Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip''.

Cavanaugh retired from voice acting for personal reasons.

She was born in Layton, Utah. Cavanaugh died on December 22, 2014, aged 51. Her death was announced on December 30, 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jay Carney

**James** "**Jay**" **Carney** (born May 22, 1965) is an American journalist. He was the 28th White House Press Secretary. He worked for President Barack Obama's cabinet. His term began in February 2011. He resigned (decided to start working in a new place) in May 2014 and left office in June 2014. He was succeeded by Josh Earnest.

## References
## Other websites
*

*
*
*
*
My Story (R. Kelly song)

"**My Story**" is a song by R&B singer R. Kelly. It was the first single on his studio album *Black Panties*, released in 2013. The song charted at number #89 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart.
Erwarton

**Erwarton** or **Arwarton**, commonly called **Shop Corner**, is a village in Suffolk, England, on the Shotley Peninsula. It is a civil parish, and has a population of around 150 people.

## References
Lorella De Luca

**Lorella De Luca** (September 17, 1940 – January 9, 2014) was an Italian movie and television actress. She began acting in movies at age 14. De Luca played Marcella Corella in the 1957 comedy *Fathers and Sons* (or ''A Tailor's Maid''). Most of her movies were made in 1984 or before.

De Luca was born in Florence, Italy. She died of a brain tumour in Civitavecchia, Lazio, aged 73.

## Other websites 
*
Bangerz

***Bangerz*** is the fourth studio album by American singer Miley Cyrus. It was released on September 30, 2013 by RCA Records.  Cyrus says the album is "dirty south hip-hop". The album is a change in sound from teen pop and country music Cyrus had played before. She worked with Mike Will Made It and hip hop producers including Pharrell Williams, Oren Yoel, Rami Samir Afuni, Dr. Luke, and Michael McHenry. The album has other people singing with Cyrus. They include Britney Spears, Big Sean, French Montana, Future, Ludacris, and Nelly. 

## Critical reception
### Awards 
## References
White House Press Secretary

The **White House Press Secretary** is a job at the White House. Press secretaries act as the primary spokesperson for the United States Government and the President, senior executives, and policies. Karoline Leavitt is the current White House Press Secretary.

## List of Press Secretaries
:1 Did not brief the press after being wounded in the Reagan assassination attempt.
:2 *De facto* Press Secretary (as White House Deputy Press Secretary).
:3 Did not brief the press while Stephanopoulos was Communications Director. First female Press Secretary.
:4 *De facto* Press Secretary (as White House Communications Director).

## References
## Other websites
*Briefing Room  at the official White House website
*George W. Bush Administration Press Briefings at the National Archives and Records Administration's archive of the official White House website
*Clinton administration archives  at the William J. Clinton Presidential Center
We Can't Stop

"'''We Can't Stop'''" is a popular hit song from singer and songwriter Miley Cyrus. The lyrics are about recreational drug use at house parties. The single sold well beyond two million units in the United States. The song managed to reach number one in the UK, number two in the US, and number three on the charts in Canada.  Cyrus performed the song at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards with American-Canadian singer-songwriter Robin Thicke as a medley with his 2013 hit song, "Blurred Lines".  This performance was very provocative and was widely reported following the award show.

A music video of the song came out on June 19, 2013. The video got mixed reviews from the critics.
1982 Lebanon War

The **1982 Lebanon war** was part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Lebanese Civil War. It began on 6 June 1982. Israel called it **Operation Peace for Galilee**. It was later known as the **Lebanon war** or **First Lebanon war**. The war started when the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) attacked southern Lebanon. On 3 June 1982 the Abu Nadal Organization tried to assassinate Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov. This may have been done to hurt the PLO's reputation.

## References
Cuthbert Sebastian

Sir **Cuthbert Montraville Sebastian**, GCMG, OBE (22 October 1921 &ndash; 25 March 2017) was the former Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis. He was appointed Governor-General in 1995 and was sworn in on 1 January 1996. While in office, he was the world's oldest *de facto* head of state.

His retirement was announced on 25 December 2012. He left office on 1 January 2013.

Sebastian died on 25 March 2017 in Basseterre from complications of pneumonia at the age of 95.

## References
Aït Benhaddou

**Aït Benhaddou** is a fortified city along the caravan route between the Sahara and Marrakech, in Morocco. Today, very few people live in the city. Most have moved to more modern cities. It has been an ideal place for movies to be filmed due to its scenery and lack of people. Many famous movies were shot there, including *Marco Polo*, *The Mummy*, and *Prince of Persia*.

## References
Dobrica Ćosić

**Dobrica Ćosić** (29 December 1921 &ndash; 18 May 2014) was a Serbian writer, theorist and politician. He was the first president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 1993. He is often known as the  "Father of the Nation".

## References
Francisco Morales-Bermúdez

**Francisco Morales Bermúdez Cerruti** (4 October 1921 – 14 July 2022) was a Peruvian general and politician. Bermudez was President of Peru from August 1975 through July 1980. He ran for president in 1985, however he only got less than 1% of the vote.

At the time of his death, he was the oldest living former Peruvian president.

## Early life 
Born in Lima in 1921, he is the son of Army Colonel Remigio Morales Bermúdez and grandson of ex-President Remigio Morales Bermúdez. He received most of his education at Lima's *Colegio Inmaculada*. In 1939, he was accepted to the *Escuela Militar de Chorrillos* (Chorrillos Military School). After his graduation, he was an important member of the *Centro de Altos Estudios Militares* (CAEM).

## Presidency
Morales Bermúdez led a military coup against General Juan Velasco Alvarado and took over as President of Peru on 29 August 1975, leading the country through one of its worst economic problems. He moved away from the socialist-leaning policies that the country had.

His regime took place in Operation Condor, the Peruvian services working with the Intelligence Battalion 601 in the kidnapping of Argentines in Lima in 1980. Around the end of Morales Bermúdez's tenure, a housing crisis happened.

## Criminal charges
Morales Bermúdez was prosecuted by an Italian judge for the forced disappearance of 25 Italian citizens during Operation Condor, a campaign run by the United States government and his dictatorship. On 17 January 2017, the Corte d'Assise in Rome found Morales Bermúdez guilty and sentenced him to life imprisonment.

## 2021 coup comment
In June 2021, after left wing Pedro Castillo was elected president, Morales Bermúdez said he wanted the country's armed forces to do a coup d'état and removed Castillo from power. He believed that the election was stolen from right-wing candidate Keiko Fujimori and that the results were not legitimate.

## Death
Morales-Bermúdez died on 14 July 2022 in Lima at the age of 100.

## References
Benefits Street

***Benefits Street*** is a documentary series on the British television channel Channel 4. It started on 6 January 2014. Five episodes will be shown. It is about some of the people who live on James Turner Street in Birmingham. 90% of the people on the street claim benefits. 4.3 million people watched the first episode. It was Channel 4's most-watched shown in more than a year. It shows some people who claim benefits (claimants) doing crimes.

## Criticism
Almost 300 complaints were made to Ofcom after the first episode was shown. Dee Roberts complained that she had been tricked into being on the programme. She said that the people on the programme thought the show was about a working class community, but that instead they had been portrayed as "complete scum". Almost 10,000 people signed a petition asking Channel 4 to show no more episodes of the show. Steve Haywood, a friend of an alcoholic in the programme known as Fungi, said that Channel 4 gave Fungi beer so that he would be on the show.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Ana Konjuh

**Ana Konjuh** (born 27 December 1997 in Dubrovnik) is a Croatian tennis player.

Konjuh has won one singles title on the ITF tour in her career. On 10 February 2014, she reached her best singles ranking: 201st in the world.

In 2013, Konjuh was ranked number one in the ITF junior world rankings.

Konjuh won both the junior singles and doubles events at the Australian Open in January 2013. Later in the year, she won the girl's singles event at the US Open.

## References
## Other websites
*  
* 
* 
*
Abebe Bikila

**Abebe Bikila** (7 August 1932 - 25 October 1973) was a double Olympic marathon champion from Ethiopia. He was the first black African Olympian to win a gold medal representing his own country. He is most famous for the gold medal he won in the 1960 Summer Olympics at Rome. He won the marathon while running barefoot. He won his second Gold medal in the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo. This made him the first man ever to win two Olympic marathons. It left him a paraplegic. He died at the age of forty-one on 23 October 1973. This was due to complications from his earlier accident. A stadium in Addis Ababa is named after him.

## References
David Oistrakh

**David Oistrakh** (30 September 1908 - 24 October 1974) was a classical violinist. He is considered one of the most important violinists of the 20th century. Oistrakh worked with major orchestras and musicians from many parts of the world, including the Soviet Union, Europe, and the United States. Many musical pieces for the violin have been dedicated to Oistrakh. This includes both of Dmitri Shostakovich's violin concerti, and the violin concerto by Adam Khachaturian.

## More information
* Allmusic Discography
* Discography by three pages at Youngrok Lee's music page
Paul Robeson

**Paul Leroy Robeson** (  April 9, 1898 – January 23, 1976) was an African-American singer and actor who became involved with the Civil Rights Movement. He was a consensus first-team All-American football player at Rutgers, as well as class valedictorian. He had an international career in singing, as well as acting in theater and movies. He was politically involved in many issues, including the Spanish Civil War, fascism, and social injustices. His supported anti-imperialism and communism. Because he was critical of the U.S. government he was blacklisted during McCarthyism. He was forced to retire because of poor health.

## Sources 
## Other websites 
*
Gustaf VI Adolf

**Gustaf VI Adolf** of Sweden (11 November 1882 – 15 September 1973) was King of Sweden from 29 October 1950 until his death. 

## Career
Gustaf VI was the eldest son of Gustaf V and his wife, Victoria of Baden. Before becoming king he had been Crown Prince of Sweden. During this long period of time he became a scholar and an archaeologist. He was also a well regarded expert on Chinese art. At his death he left his large collection of Chinese art to the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities (*Östasiatiska Museet*) in Stockholm, Sweden. He was the last king to rule under a Constitutional Monarchy with any power. Gustaf VI died in 1973. His grandson, Carl XVI Gustaf, succeeded him as king.

## Family
Gustaf VI married Margaret of Connaught in 1905. She died in 1920. She died in 1965.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* The Swedish Monarchy
Pier Paolo Pasolini

**Pier Paolo Pasolini** (5 March 1922 – 2 November 1975) was an Italian movie director, poet and writer. Pasolini was born in Bologna and raised in Veneto and Fruili. His poetry was first published when he was 19 years old. He wrote many novels and essays. He wrote his first screenplay in 1954. The first movie he directed was *Accattone* in 1961. This and many of his other works were controversial during his lifetime. In the years since his death, however, Pasolini has come to be valued by many as a visionary thinker and a major figure in Italian literature and art. Literary critic Harold Bloom considered Pasolini to be a major European poet and a major voice in 20th-century poetry.

Pasolini was gay. He was murdered on 2 November 1975. He was run over several times with his own car. He died on the beach at Ostia, near Rome. He was buried in Casarsa, in Friuli.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Pasolini on Filmgalerie451
Arnold Klein

**Arnold William Klein** (February 27, 1945 – October 22, 2015) was an American dermatologist. In 1983 Michael Jackson became one of Klein's patients. He was a member of the Advisory Board of the AIDS Services Foundation Orange County. He has published over 150 scientific papers.

## Early life
Klein was born in Michigan. His father was a Jewish Orthodox rabbi. In 1971 he got his doctorate in medicine from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Caro Emerald

**Caroline Esmeralda van der Leeuw** (born 26 April 1981), best known by her stage name of **Caro Emerald**, is a Dutch pop and jazz singer. She released her first song "Back It Up" on 6 July 2009. Her single "A Night Like This" in 2009 reached the number 1 position in the Netherlands.

Her second and latest album, *The Shocking Miss Emerald*, reached the #1 peak in the UK and the Netherlands.

## References
Back It Up (Caro Emerald song)

"**Back It Up**" is the first single by the Dutch singer Caro Emerald. It is from her first album *Deleted Scenes From The Cutting Room Floor*. It was released on 6 July 2009. The single has two music videos, the original one and the official one. The official one was made because of the international career of Caro Emerald. The single was in the charts in the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and other European countries. The single also charted in Suriname.
We Be Clubbin'

'''"We Be Clubbin'"''' is the first single from Ice Cube's soundtrack, ''The Player's Club''. It was released in 1998. It reached number 32 in the Rhythmic Top 40.

## "We Be Ballin'"
A remix of the song called "We Be Ballin'" was made. Michael Jackson sang in it. Unlike "We Be Clubbin'", there is no swearing.

## References
Ferde Grofé

**Ferdinand Rudolph von Grofé** also known as **Ferde Grofé** (27 March 1892 – 3 April 1972) was an American musician, composer, arranger and pianist. He is best known for his 1931 five-movement tone poem, *Grand Canyon Suite*, and for having orchestrated George Gershwin's *Rhapsody in Blue* prior to its 1924 premiere.

During the 1920s and 1930s, he went by the name **Ferdie Grofé**.

## References
Frank DiLeo

**Frank Michael DiLeo** (October 23, 1947 – August 24, 2011) was an American music industry executive and actor. From 1984 to 1989 he was Michael Jackson's manager. In 2009 he became Jackson's manager again. He was his manager until Jackson died in June 2009.

## Career
In 1979 he was hired as the Vice President of National Promotion for Epic Records. DiLeo acted for the first time in Michael Jackson's 1988 movie *Moonwalker*. He also executive produced the movie. From 1991 to 1993 DiLeo was co-president of Savage Records. He played "Mr. Big" in ''Wayne's World* and *Wayne's World 2''.

## Death
DiLeo died when he was 63.

## References
Wadham College, Oxford

**Wadham College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. Nicholas and Dorothy Wadham founded the college in 1610. The college, founded for male students only, first admitted female students in 1974.  

## References
Wolfson College, Oxford

**Wolfson College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The college was founded in 1966 with large donations from the Wolfson Foundation and Ford Foundation. It is the largest graduate college at the University.

## References
Allard van der Scheer

**Allard Jan van der Scheer** (21 August 1928 &ndash; 10 January 2014) was a Dutch actor. He was known for his roles in *Daar gaat de bruid* (1986), *Hotel de Botel* (1976) and *Die Vrouwtjes van de wereld* (1963). He was also an actor of television and stage.

Allard van der Scheer was born on 21 August 1928 in The Hague, Netherlands. His daughter was also an actress. Scheer died on 9 January 2014 in Muiderberg, North Holland. He died from lung cancer. He was aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Worcester College, Oxford

**Worcester College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1714. The college is located on the site of Gloucester College, which was founded in 1283 as place of study by a Benedictine Abbey. Eventually fifteen abbeys shared the college. In 1539 the abbeys were dissolved. For a time, the college served as the palace of the bishop of Oxford. In 1560, the buildings were purchased by Thomas White, and became known as Gloucester Hall. Some of the original buildings survive today.

## References
Keiko Awaji

was a Japanese movie actress. She was known for her role in Akira Kurosawa's *Stray Dog* and as Kimiko in *The Bridges at Toko-Ri*. In *The Bridges at Toko-Ri*, she acted alongside William Holden and Mickey Rooney. Before playing a role in *Stray Dog*, she studied dancing and was not interested in doing films. She was married twice and had two sons from her second husband, Yorozuya Kinnosuke**.**

She died at the age of 80 due to esophageal cancer in Tokyo.

## References
## Other websites
* AllCinema database 
* Yahoo talent profile
Afroman

**Joseph Edgar Foreman** (born July 28, 1974 in Palmdale, California) is an American rapper. He is better known by his stage name **Afroman**.

He was nominated for a Grammy Award for *Best Rap Solo Performance* for his song "Because I Got High" in 2002. He released his first studio album *Because I Got High* on June 20, 2000. The album featured the song "Because I Got High". His second studio album *Sell Your Dope* was released on September 12, 2000. It featured the song "Crazy Rap" which is also called "Colt 45 and 2 Zig Zags".

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Cree Summer

**Cree Summer Francks** (born July 7, 1969), best known as **Cree Summer**, is an American born Canadian actress and singer. Her career began in 1983 when she was cast as the voice of Penny in the cartoon *Inspector Gadget*. As of 2006 she did the voices of over 100 animated characters in TV shows, movies, and video games such as Foxxy Love in *Drawn Together*, Abigail Lincoln / Numbuh 5 in *Codename: Kids Next Door*, Iris Moss in the DreamWorks *Trolls* franchise, and Cleo in *Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)*. In 1991 she started a band called Subject to Change. The band broke up in 1993. In 1999 Summer released her first album, *Street Faërie*.

## Early life
Summer was born to the white actor Don Francks and African American actress Lili Francks. She started school when she was 8 years old.

## Filmography 
* *The Undersea World of Fifi* (1992) ... Elmyra Duff/Bastet/Additional voices (voice)

## Other websites 
*Cree Summer Biography, IMDb
45

**45** is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Vinicius and Sabinus**.

## Events 
* The emperor Claudius removes the Jews from Rome.
* Paul of Tarsus begins his missionary travels
* The city of Savaria is founded.  It is now the Hungarian city of Szombathely.

## Births 
* Statius, Latin poet (approximate date) (d. c. 96)
* Plutarch, Greek historian/biographer (approximate date) (d. 120)

## Deaths 
* Claudia Julia
44

## Events 
* The emperor Claudius returns from his British campaign. The southeast part of Britannia is now held by the Roman Empire.
* Boudicca marries Prasutagus, king of the British Celtic tribe the Iceni
* Mauretania becomes a Roman province
* The Isle of Rhodes returns to the Roman Empire 
* Judaea is controlled by Roman governors
* Cuspius Fadus stops the revolt of Theudas 

## Births 
* Fictional Jacob (Lost) and fictional Man in Black (Lost) were born on an island in the South Pacific Ocean

## Deaths 
* Saint James the Great 
* Agrippa I of Judea (b. 10 BC)
* Claudia Julia
* Wu Han, general of Han Dynasty
46

**46** was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Asiaticus and Silanus**.

## Events 
* Dobruja is added into Roman Moesia
* A census shows more than 6,000,000 Roman citizens
* After the death of its king, Thracia becomes a Roman province
* A drought and locusts cause a famine and a revolt at Xiongnu

## Births 
* Plutarch, Greek historian (approximate date)

## Deaths 
* Roimitalkes III of the Thracian Kingdom of Sapes
47

**47** is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Vitellius**.

## Events 
* Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo is made commander of the Roman army in Germania Inferior. He conquers the Chauci.
* Publius Ostorius Scapula becomes governor of Britain, in place of Aulus Plautius.
* Musselburgh is founded in Roman Britain
* A canal is built between the Rhine and Meuse in the Netherlands

## Births 
*

## Deaths 
* Vardanes I of Parthia
Cold wave

**Cold waves** are weather incidents that involve cooling of temperatures and air. Cold waves can cause death and injury for animals, people and livestock. Extreme winter cold causes freezing of water pipelines if they are poorly insulated. Motor vehicles often fail if the motor oil freezes or the antifreeze fails.

Examples of cold incidents in the United States are 1994, during January of which almost 70 percent of the country, along with southern Canada saw intense cold spells. The 2014 North American polar vortex created extremely cold temperatures across almost the whole United States and across Canada. The 2014 spell took close to two dozen human lives.

## References
Sally Hawkins

**Sally Cecilia Hawkins** (born 27 April 1976) is an English actress. She played Ginger in *Blue Jasmine* (2013). She plays Mary Brown in the movie *Paddington* (2014) and *Paddington 2* (2017) and Elisa Esposito in *The Shape of Water* (2017).

Hawkins was born in Dulwich, south London.

## References
## Other websites
*
Erica Leerhsen

**Erica Lei Leerhsen** (born February 14, 1976) is an American actress. She played Connie in *Anything Else*. She also played Amanda Bowles in the television show *The Guardian*

Leerhsen was born in New York City.

## References
43

## Events 
* Roman conquest of Britain begins. Roman London (Londinium) was established.
* Claudius adds Lycia into Asia Minor.  He combines it with Pamphylia to make a Roman province.
* The Romans now have complete control of the Mediterranean.
* Mark the Evangelist becomes the first Pope of Alexandria.

### Asia 
* Warfare begins between the northern and southern Huns
* Vietnam is made a province of China
* Vardanes I of Parthia forces the city of Seleucia on the Tigris to surrender

## Births 
* Martial, Roman poet

## Deaths 
* Togodumnus, King of the Catuvellauni