open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chorba

**Chorba** or **shorba** is a kind stews or rich soups found in national cuisines across the Middle East, Maghreb, Bulgaria, Southeast Europe, Central Asia, East Africa and South Asia. It is often prepared with added ingredients but served alone as a broth or with bread.

## Gallery

File:Shorwa.JPG|Traditional Afghan shorwa
File:Chorba.jpg|Algerian chorba
File:Begova Čorba (Baščaršija in Sarajevo, Bosnia).JPG|Bosnian *begova čorba* and somun bread
File:Ready kurban chorba.JPG|Bulgarian Kurban chorba
File:Shorpo.jpg|Kyrgyz shorpo
File:Pileća corba.jpg|Serbian chicken čorba
File:Ciorba.jpg|Romanian ciorbă
File:Chorba frik algerienne.jpg|Algerian chorba frik

## References
Cabbage roll

leaves]]

A **cabbage roll** is a dish made of cooked cabbage leaves wrapped around some sort of stuffing. It is eaten in Central, Northern, Eastern and Southeastern Europe and much of Western Asia, Northern China, as well as parts of North Africa. Meat fillings are traditional in Europe.  That may be beef, lamb, or pork seasoned with garlic, onion, and spices. Grains such as rice and barley, mushrooms, and vegetables are often included as well. Fermented cabbage leaves may be used for wrapping, particularly in southeastern Europe. In Asia, seafoods, tofu, and shiitake mushrooms or Vegeta may also be used. Chinese cabbage is often used as a wrapping.

Cabbage leaves  stuffed with the filling are then baked, simmered, or steamed in a covered pot. They are generally eaten warm with a sauce. Many different sauces are used.. In Sweden and Finland, stuffed cabbage is served with lingonberry jam, which is both sweet and tart. In Central and Eastern Europe, tomato-based sauces and sour cream are typical. In Azerbaijan, the cabbage is stuffed with rice and minced meat and only rolled to the size of a cigar. It is usually served with a side dish of yogurt and a type of lemon and olive oil vinaigrette seasoned with garlic and dried mint.

Cabbage roll is eaten a lot in Romania. The recipe and sizing depends on the region. It often takes up to 6 hours to cook. Traditionally it is made with pork, beef, bacon, rice, spices and aromatics,  in  tomato sauce and served with polenta, sour cream and spicy pickled peppers.

Cooking textbook author Nancy Krcek stated that the origins are unclear. It is possible multiple groups of people invented it at the same time. Another cooking book author Malgorzata Caprari stated it is believed that credit is owed to the poorer inhabitants of Central and Eastern European countries. Due to the widespread cultivation of cabbage in these regions, it is likely that the cultures who inhabited them were the original inventors of this dish. 

Cabbage rolls have found their way into popular culture, becoming one of the most recognizable dishes in Central and Eastern European cuisine. They often appear in literature and films as a symbol of homey comfort and tradition.

A version called holishkes is traditionally eaten by Jews on Simchat Torah. Recipes vary.  northern Poles prefer a savory sauce. In Galicia, Hungary and Ukraine people like sweet-and-sour.

## References
I've Been Expecting You

'''''I've Been Expecting You'''* is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 26 October 1998.

## Track listing
*All the production done by Guy Chambers and Steve Power.

* MVC stores in the UK offered a free bonus CD with the purchase of either *Life Thru a Lens* or *I've Been Expecting You'' during Christmas 1999. The album did not contain any unreleased material, but contained twenty-one previously released B-sides and demos from both eras.

**Notes**

## References
Chechil

**Chechil** or **chechili** is an Armenian brined string cheese, popular in Armenia and Georgia. It has a consistency like mozzarella or sulguni. It is made  rolled up in a figure eight like  thick braid-shaped ropes. Chechil is a smoked, braided, salty, string-cheese beer snack that is enjoyed by beer drinkers and enthusiasts. Chechil is made from pasteurized cow milk and is low in fat. Its taste is salty, very chewy, and with a smoky flavor to it. Its consistency is firm and smooth.

Chechil is one of the cheeses produced in the Armenian Highlands and is also called *husats* or *tel*. It is a kneaded or pulled cheese, and the art of the cheese-maker is in stretching it thin so that it yields a "chicken-breast texture". The cheese is often sold braided in thick ropes. Curd is given a hot whey bath. Then it is kneaded and stretched to the desirable, pliable consistency. In the Western world, *chechil panir* is often called **Armenian string cheese**. In Russia, it is very popular with  beer in bars.  Chechil is also produced in the USA. In the UK, Meskhuri Chechili is a "protected geographical indication" by agreement between the UK and Georgian governments.

Chechil is matured in brine and often smoked. It is sometimes mixed with  other hard cheeses, and is stored in jars or wine skins.

Nutrient content:
* Fat — 5–10%
* Water — 58–60%
* Salt — 4–8%

Because of its low fat content, chechil is often used as diet food.

## References
Life thru a Lens

***Life thru a Lens*** is the first studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was Williams' first solo album following his departure from Take That. It was released on 29 September 1997.

## Track listing
**Notes**

## References
France 24

**France 24** is a French state-owned international news television network. It was launched on December 6, 2006. It broadcasts in French, English, Arabic and Spanish languages.

The channel was born from the wish of the President of the French Republic, Jacques Chirac in 2002 who wanted to give France a voice outside the country, against American (CNN), British (BBC World News) and Qatari (Al Jazeera) competitors. and in 2017, it launched it's new channel in Spanish language.

## Availability
France 24 is available by satellite in most of Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, as well as by cable and antenna in the US cities of Albany, Atlanta, Macon, and San Francisco. The Government of Niger suspended France 24 following the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état.

It has an official App for Android users. An official App for the iPhone has also been released. On 3 October 2014, France 24 began live streaming the channel on YouTube.

## References
Islamic State – Khorasan Province

**ISIS-K** (Arabic: الدَّوْلَةُ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةُ  وِلَايَةُ خُرَاسَانَ) is a branch of the Islamic State militant group active in Asia, mostly in Afghanistan. ISIS-K's goal is to overthrow governments in the Khorasan province and form a Islamic state under Islamic law. The group formed from a merger of 137 militant groups who then went to join the Al-Nusra Front and later returned back to the Khorasan area to spread Islam and do jihad in the area.

## References
Glutinous rice

**Glutinous rice** (*Oryza sativa var. glutinosa*; also called **sticky rice**, **sweet rice** or **waxy rice**) is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast and East Asia, and the northeastern regions of South Asia. It  has opaque grains, very low amylose content. It is especially sticky when cooked. It is widely eaten in Asia.

It is called glutinous () in the sense of being glue-like or sticky. It does not contain gluten. While often called *sticky rice*, it differs from non-glutinous strains of japonica rice, which also become sticky to some degree when cooked. There are numerous cultivars of glutinous rice, which include *japonica*, *indica* and *tropical japonica* strains.

## Cultivation
Glutinous rice is grown in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Northeast India, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines. About 85% of Lao rice production is of this type.

As of 2013, approximately 6,530 glutinous rice varieties were collected from five continents (Asia, South America, North America, Europe, and Africa) where glutinous rice is grown for preservation at the International Rice Genebank. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has described Laos as a "collector's paradise". Laos has the largest biodiversity of sticky rice in the world. IRRI-trained collectors gathered more than 13,500 samples and 3,200 varieties from Laos.

## References
Jamiyah

**Jamiyah** (Arabic: جَاَمِيَ) means gathering in the Arabic language. It is also used to refer to the book Al-Jami'a or used to refer to a masjid. It is also used to refer to the western style university while madrasa is used to refer to an Islamic style university.

## References
Monogram

A **monogram** is a style of design created by combining and overlapping two or more letters to form one single symbol.

## History
 used as a signature]]
Monograms were first used on coins from as early as 350 BC. The earliest known examples are of the names of Greek cities which issued the coins, often the first two letters of the city's name. For example, the monogram of Achaea consisted of the letters alpha (Α) and chi (Χ) joined together.

Monograms have been used as signatures by artists and craft workers on paintings, sculptures and pieces of furniture.

## References
Tajine

A **tajine** or **tagine** is a North African dish, named after the earthenware pot in which it is cooked. It is also called  or .

## Pottery 
The traditional Tajine pottery, sometimes painted or glazed, is in two parts. There is a circular base unit that is flat with low sides and a large cone- or dome-shaped cover that sits on the base during cooking. The cover is designed to return all condensation to the bottom. That process can be improved by adding cold water into the specially designed well at the top of the lid.

Tajine is traditionally cooked over hot charcoal leaving enough space between the coals and the tajine pot to stop the temperature rising too quickly. Large bricks of charcoal are used, because they stay hot for hours. It can be cooked in a slow oven or on a gas or electric stove top, on the lowest heat necessary to keep the stew simmering gently. A diffuser, a circular utensil is placed between the tajine and the flame. That distributes the stove's heat evenly. European manufacturers have created tajines with heavy cast-iron bottoms. They can be heated on a cooking stove to a high temperature for browning the meat and vegetables before cooking.

Tajine cooking may be done using a slow cooker.  Many ceramic tajines are decorative items as well as functional cooking vessels. Some tajines are intended only to be used as decorative serving dishes.

## Gallery

File:Tajine potter.jpg|Tajine potter
File:Kelaa-des-Mgouna (rosino-02).jpg|Tajine cooking
File:ElectricalTajine3.jpg|Electrical tajine
File:Place Jemaa el-Fna - Aicha n°1 - Marrakech - Morocco - Maroc - Maroko - Μαρόκο - Fas - Marruecos - Marokko - Марокк picture image photo (9123932853).jpg|Stovetop cooking of tajine
File:Tajin aux pruneaux.JPG|Tajine with lamb, prunes and almonds
File:Meatballtajine.jpg|Algerian tajine with chicken, meatballs and olives

## References
Think I Need It Too

"**Think I Need It Too**" is a 2009 song by Echo & the Bunnymen and is the leading single from their 11st studio album *The Fountain*. It did not chart at all in the United Kingdom of in Scotland.

## Track listing
#"Think I Need It Too (Album Version)" – 3:41
#"November (Album Version)" – 4:04

## References
Sing When You're Winning

'''''Sing When You're Winning''''' is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 28 August 2000.

## Track listing
*All the tracks produced by Guy Chambers and Steve Power.

## Personnel
Adapted from the album's liner notes.

;Vocals

* Robbie Williams – vocals , backing vocals 
* Kylie Minogue – vocals 
* Crystal Adams – backing vocals 
* Andre Barreau – backing vocals 
* Andy Caine – backing vocals 
* Dave Catlin-Birch – backing vocals 
* Guy Chambers – backing vocals 
* Derek Green – backing vocals 
* Marielle Hervé – backing vocals 
* Katie Kissoon – backing vocals 
* Sylvia Mason-James – backing vocals 
* Steve McEwan – backing vocals 
* Tessa Niles – backing vocals 
* Gary Nuttall – backing vocals 
* Pauline Taylor – backing vocals 
* Claire Worrall – backing vocals 

;Instrumentation

* Dave Bishop – saxophone 
* Winston Blissett – bass guitar 
* Pauline Boeykens – tuba 
* Dave Catlin-Birch – bass guitar , 12-string electric guitar 
* Guy Chambers – keyboards, guitar, piano , synthesizer, organ , clavinet , omnichord 
* Pete Davies – keyboards 
* Alex Dickson – electric guitar , autoharp 
* Melvin Duffy – pedal steel guitar 
* Andy Duncan – percussion 
* Fil Eisler – bass guitar 
* Mark Feltham – harmonica 
* Edgar Herzog – clarinet 
* Bob Lanese – trumpet 
* Brad Lang – bass guitar, double bass 
* Steve McEwan – electric guitar 
* Gary Nuttall – electric banjo 
* Phil Palmer – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, 12-string guitar 
* Steve Power – vocoder , glockenspiel 
* Chris Sharrock – drums , ambient kit , percussion 
* Neil Sidwell – trombone 
* Steve Sidwell – trumpet 
* Phil Spalding – bass guitar 
* Jeremy Stacey – drums 
* Neil Taylor – acoustic guitar , electric guitar

;Technical

* Guy Chambers – production, arranger, orchestration 
* Steve Power – production, mixing
* Jim Brumby – programming, Pro Tools 
* Pete Davies – drum programming 
* Andy Duncan – drum programming , Pro Tools 
* Richard Flack – drum programming , Pro Tools 
* Nick Ingman – orchestration 
* Steve Price – orchestral engineering 
* Savvas Iossifidis – engineering
* Richard Woodcraft – engineering
* David Naughton – assistant mix engineering
* Tony Cousins – mastering

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications and sales
## References
Mandinka (song)

"**Mandinka**" is a 1987 song by Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor and is the second single from her debut studio album *The Lion and the Cobra*. It went to number 17 in the United Kingdom, number 18 in New Zealand, number 6 in Ireland, number 39 in Australia, number 33 in Canada and number 24 in the Netherlands.

## References
Méchoui

**Méchoui** or ***Meshwi*** is a whole sheep or lamb spit-roasted on a barbecue in Maghrebi cooking. The word comes from the Arabic word *šawā* (, "grilling, roasting"). This dish is very popular in North Africa.

In Algeria and Morocco, the term *méchoui* "refers to the method of cooking a lamb or a sheep cooked whole on the spit".

In Tunisia  it means any piece of meat or fish grilled over a fire.

## Preparation 
All the internal organs of the lamb are removed from the body apart from  the kidneys. The body is stitched up after being sprinkled with spices, particularly ras el hanout.  The lamb is skewered on a tree branch and cooked next to a wood fire. It is rotated slowly and evenly so as to ensure evenly distributed cooking.

The prepared lamb is not placed directly above the fire. Melting fat could catch fire. The cooking is started gently, so that the interior cooks almost at the same time as the outside. During cooking, the meat is brushed with melted butter or oil, to make it crispy. Gradually, the lamb is brought close to the hot fire, so that the flesh takes on an amber color. The cooking time varies according to the weight of the animal, typically about a quarter of an hour per kilogram.

## Presentation 
Méchoui is a dish served at the beginning of the meal, as part of a feast or *diffa*. With the fingers of the right hand, the host takes pieces of grilled meat and offers them to  guests. Traditionally, no cutlery is used to serve a mechoui, because, due to the slow cooking, the meat should be able to detach without any effort.

The nomadic populations, in addition to their main herd often composed of several thousand sheep, raise a small number of male lambs specifically for mechoui, feeding them with *cheih*, a species of wild mugwort which gives the lamb a distinctive character.
## References
Friends (Elton John song)

"**Friends**" is a 1971 song by Elton John and is the title track to the 1971 movie *Friends*. It was included on the soundtrack album. It went to number 34 in the United States, number 13 in Canada, number 19 in New Zealand, number 96 in Australia, number 12 in France and number 5 in Italy.

## References
National symbols of Zimbabwe

The **National symbols of the Republic of Zimbabwe** are the symbols that are used to represent the Zimbabwean people proper and abroad to represent the country and its people.

## Zimbabwean symbols
Bateleur

The **Bateleur** (*Terathopius ecaudatus*) is a medium-sized eagle in the family Accipitridae. It is often considered a relative of the snake eagles and, like them, it is classified within the subfamily Circaetinae. It is the only member of the genus *Terathopius* and may be the origin of the "Zimbabwe Bird", the national emblem of Zimbabwe.

## References
## Other websites
Katherine Oppenheimer

**Katherine Vissering** "**Kitty**" **Oppenheimer** ( **Puening**; August 8, 1910 – October 27, 1972) was a German American biologist and botanist. She was a member of the Communist Party of America until leaving in the 1930s. She was known for being married to J. Robert Oppenheimer, the director of the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II.

Oppenheimer died on October 27, 1972 while traveling in Panama City, Panama from a pulmonary embolism, aged 62.

She was played by Emily Blunt in Christopher Nolan's 2023 movie *Oppenheimer*.

## References
COSAFA Cup

The **COSAFA Cup** is an annual tournament for teams from Southern Africa organized by Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA), created after the ban against the Republic of South Africa had been lifted and the African Cup of Nations had been staged there in 1996.

## History
Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Eswatini (Swaziland), Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe have been in the tournament in the past. Additionally, seven non-COSAFA members have played: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Senegal.

## Results
'** A round-robin tournament determined the final standings.

## Teams reaching the top four
## Participating nations
;Legend

* – Champions
* – Runners-up
* – Third place
* – Fourth place
*5th – Fifth place

* – Semi-finals
*QF – Quarter-finals
*GS – Group stage
*1R – First round
*2R – Second round

*Q – Qualified
*&nbsp;&mdash; Hosts
*&nbsp;–&nbsp; – Did not enter
*&nbsp;**––'''&nbsp; – Withdrew before qualification / Banned

*D.R. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Senegal are not COSAFA members, but have been invited to participate in the past.
1 Withdrew from tournament.
2 Tournament not played.

## Summary (1997–2022)
COSAFA Cup invitees are included in the table with blue.

## Top scorers
Peter Ndlovu of Zimbabwe and  Manuel 'Tico-Tico' Bucuane of Mozambique are all-time top goalscorers in the tournament with ten goals each. In 2021 Felix Badenhorst of Eswatini moved into second position with nine goals.

## Notes 
## References
 Kabelo

## Other websites
*Official site
*COSAFA Cup at RSSSF
Fluorescein

illumination]]

**Fluorescein** is an organic compound and dye. It is based on xanthene and belongs to triarylmethine dye family. 

It is available as a dark orange/red powder and used in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer. It looks green it is mixed into some types of liquid. 

## References
Static web page

A **static web page** is a type of web page that is pre-made and does not change, unless someone updates the code or content of the page manually. This means that when you visit a static web page, you will always see the same thing, assuming nothing has been changed on the server where the page is hosted.

Static web pages are made up of fixed content that is written in basic computer languages such as HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). These languages allow designers to create the layout, structure, and appearance of the page. JavaScript can also be used to add interactive features, but overall, static web pages have limited functionality compared to dynamic web pages.

## Advantages of static web pages
# They are generally faster to load than dynamic web pages because they do not require any processing by the server before being sent to the user's browser.
# They are easier to create and maintain since they don't rely on complex programming scripts or databases.
# Static websites are more secure since there is no risk of vulnerabilities from third-party software or plugins.
# Hosting costs tend to be lower due to reduced resource requirements.

## Disadvantages of static web pages
# Limited interactivity; users cannot submit forms or personalize their experience without additional technologies like cookies or session storage.
# Difficulty updating multiple pages simultaneously - each page must be updated individually.
# Lack of scalability; adding new features may require significant rework of existing files.
# Content management systems (CMS) cannot be easily integrated into a purely static site, making it harder to manage large amounts of content.

In summary, while static web pages offer some benefits, particularly around speed, simplicity, and security, they lack the flexibility and advanced capabilities found in modern dynamic websites. However, they remain an appropriate choice for simple sites with minimal needs.
Kannadigas

The **Kannadigas** are an ethnic group native to the Indian state of Karnataka. They speak Kannada language, which is one of the oldest and richest languages in India. Kannada is also the official language of Karnataka.

Kannadigas have a long and proud history that goes back thousands of years. Ancient kingdoms like the Kadambas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Vijayanagara Empire were ruled by Kannada-speaking people. These kingdoms supported art, literature, music and architecture, which helped Kannada culture grow strong.

Kannadigas live mostly in Karnataka, but many also live in other parts of India and around the world. They celebrate many festivals like Dasara, Ugadi, Deepavali and Kambala, which reflect their rich traditions. Food, music, folk dance and classical art forms are important parts of their culture.

Kannada literature is known for its depth and beauty. Many Kannada writers have received awards, including Jnanpith Awards, which are India’s highest literary honors. Famous poets and authors like Kuvempu, Bendre and U. R. Ananthamurthy are respected across India.

Kannadigas have contributed to many fields, including science, cinema, sports and politics. They are known for their strong cultural identity, love for their language and respect for tradition and education.

## Reference
Journal of Political Ideologies

The ***Journal of Political Ideologies*** is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering political ideologies. It publishes three times a year. It was established by Michael Freeden and first published in 1996. The journal is included in Scopus.

## References 

## Other websites 
*
Thieboudienne

***Tiep*** or ***thieb*** is a traditional dish from Senegambia.  It  is also eaten in Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Mali and Mauritania. It is the national dish in Senegal. The version of tiep called ***thieboudienne*** or ***chebu jen***  is made with fish, broken rice and tomato sauce cooked in one pot. There are also ***tiep yappa*** (with meat) and ***tiep ganaar*** (with chicken). Other ingredients often include onions, carrots, cabbage, cassava, hot pepper, lime and peanut oil, and stock cubes.

## History 
Tiep is thought to have come from Saint-Louis, in the nineteenth century. The name of the dish comes from Wolof words meaning 'rice' () and 'fish' (). In Pulaar it is known as  ('rice and fish'). It is served on large trays with the rice on the bottom and the fish, usually white grouper (*Epinephelus aeneus*), and the vegetables, many of them whole, in the center. 

## Serving 
Traditionally it is eaten in a large shared dish with the hand. It is also the symbol of Senegalese *terranga* (hospitality). Family, visiting friends and guests gather around a single dish (called a *bolus*) from which everyone eats using a spoon (*couddou Pulaar*) or a piece of bread.

## References
## Other websites 
* Senegal Travel Guide, World Travel Guide
* agricultural situation country report, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service,Mbalo Ndiaye,2007
* Food and daily life, Our Africa
* Duffy, Megan, "Ceeb ak Jën: Deconstructing Senegal’s National Plate in Search of Cultural Values" (2009). *Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection*. Paper 669.
National symbols of Uruguay

The **State symbols of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay** are the symbols that are used to represent the Uruguayan people proper and abroad to represent the country and its people.

## Uruguayan symbols
### Related pages
* National symbols of Paraguay
Escapology (album)

***Escapology*** is the fifth studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 18 November 2002.

## Track listing
* All the songs produced by Guy Chambers and Steve Power.

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
### Decade-end charts
## Certifications and sales
## References
Rudebox

***Rudebox*** is the seventh studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 23 October 2006.

## Track listing
**Notes**
* "Rudebox" contains elements of the composition "Boops (Here to Go)" as written by Bill Laswell, Carl Aiken, Bootsy Collins, Sly Dunbar and Robbie Shakespeare.

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications and sales
## References
## Other websites
* Official web page
* Rudebox details in cosmopolis.ch
National symbols of Yemen

The **National symbols of the Muslim-Majority Republic of Yemen** are the symbols that are used to represent the Yemeni peoples proper and abroad to represent the country and its people's.

## Yemeni symbols
### Related pages
* National symbols of Egypt 
* National symbols of Iran
* National symbols of Syria 
* National symbols of Somalia 
* National symbols of Pakistan
Intensive Care (album)

***Intensive Care*** is the sixth studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 24 October 2005.

## Track listing
## Musicians
* Robbie Williams: lead vocals, backing vocals, guitar, bass guitar, Epiphone Casino, synthesizer
* Stephen Duffy: guitar, keyboards, Nord Lead, wine glass, sitar, harp, sequencers, shakers, dilruba, harmonica
* Claire Worrall: backing vocals, (track 11) piano, mellotron, Hammond B3, helicopter
* Melvin Duffy: pedal steel guitar (track 11)
* Neil Taylor: guitar (track 11)
* Greg Leisz: guitar
* Justin Duarte: acoustic guitar
* Jerry Meehan: bass guitar, fender precision (track 11)
* Matt Chamberlain: drums, percussion (track 11)
* Kate Kissoon: backing vocals
* Tessa Niles: backing vocals
* Jeff Babko: trombone (track 11)
* Cleto Escobedo: baritone saxophone (track 11)
* Waddy Wachtel: guitar (track 11)
* Jebin Bruni: synthesizer
* Davey Faragher: bass guitar, Fender Precision
* John Paterno: guitar
* Buddy Judge: guitar
* Max Beesley: percussion, vibes
* Gary Nuttall: backing vocals (track 11)
* Carlton E. Anderson: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Maxi Anderson: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Randy Crenshaw: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Judith Hill: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Julia Tillman: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Carmen Twillie: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Oren Waters: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Maxine Waters Willard: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Will Wheaton Jnr: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Terry Wood: choir (tracks 3 and 11)
* Charlie Bisharat: violins (tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12)
* Mario De Leon: violins (tracks 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8)
* Armen Garabedian: violins (tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 12)
* Berj Garabedian: violins (tracks 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8)
* Alan Grunfeld: violins (tracks 1, 3 and 5)
* Sara Pakins: violins (tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12)
* Michelle Richards: violins (tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12)
* Sarah thornblade: violins (tracks 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8)
* Josefina Vergara: violins (tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12)
* John Wittenburg: violins (tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12)
* Denyse Buffum  violins (tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12)
* Matt Funes: cello
* Roland Kato: cello
* Evan Wilson: cello
* Larry Corbett: cello
* Suzie Katayama: cello
* Dan Smith: cello

## Credits
*Album produced by Stephen Duffy and Robbie Williams
*Original production by Andy Strange
*Mixed by Bob Clearmountain at Mix This
*Engineered by John Paterno, Andy Strange, Stephen Duffy Pablo Munguia, Tony Phillips, Adam Noble and Dan Porter
*Strings arranged and conducted by David Campbell
*Strings engineered by Alan Sides at NRG
*Mastering by Tony Cousins at Metropolis Studios, London
*A&R: Chris Briggs
*Photography: Hamish Brown
*Design and artwork: Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely
*Art co-ordination by Tom Hingston Studio

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
### Decade-end charts
## Certifications and sales
## References
Take the Crown

***Take the Crown*** is the ninth studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 5 November 2012.

## Track listing
All production done by Jacknife Lee.

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications
## Release history
## References
National symbols of Turkmenistan

The **National symbols of the Muslim-Majority of Turkmenistan** are the symbols that are used to represent the Turkmen people proper and abroad to represent the country and its people.

## Turkmen symbols
## Related pages 
* National symbols of Pakistan
Kurixalus chaseni

The **frilled tree frog** or **Malay frilled tree frog** (*Kurixalus chaseni*) is a frog.  It lives in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. People have seen it between 0 and 500 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests that have never been cut down and forests that have been cut down and have had a long time to grow back. This frog lives in swamps with water that does not move. Scientists think that this frog can live in places that have been changed. People have seen this frog next to roads.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. However, human beings cut down the forests where it lives to build farms for palm oil. Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks.

## First paper
*

## References
Kurixalus idiootocus

The **Mientien small tree frog**, **Mientien  tree frog**, or  **temple tree frog** (*Kurixalus idiootocus*) is a frog.  It lives in Taiwan. People have seen it between 50 and 2000 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in grasslands, places with small woody plants, and pady fields. This frog lays eggs in the dirt between the dead leaves on the ground.  After the eggs hatch, the rain pushes the tadpoles into shallow water that does not move. The tadpoles can float on top of the water.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place and because it is good at living in places that human beings have changed. However, human beings built roads and buildings in the places where the frog would live. Some of the places the frog lives are protected parks.

## References
Fajr 3

The **Fajr 3** is a Iranian missile and it is a modification of the North Korean M 1985. It was created in the 1990s and has been given to Hizbullah and Hamas' military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.

## References
Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are

"**Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are**" is a 1994 song by Meat Loaf and is the third single from his sixth studio album *Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell*. It went to number 26 in the United Kingdom and Canada, number 69 in Scotland, number 38 in the United States, number 32 in New Zealand, number 20 in Iceland and number 52 in Australia. The music video was directed by Michael Bay. It is the only non-bracketed single to have 52 characters in the song title. 

## References
Paratha

**Paratha** (, also parantha) is a flatbread from the Indian subcontinent. It is common in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, Afghanistan, Myanmar, 

*Paratha* is an amalgamation of the words *parat* and *atta*, which literally means layers of cooked dough. Alternative spellings and names include *parantha*, *parauntha*, *prontha*, *parontay*, *paronthi* (Punjabi), *porota* (in Bengali), *paratha* (in Odia,Urdu, Hindi), *palata* (; in Myanmar), *porotha* (in Assamese), *forota* (in Sylheti), *farata* (in Mauritius and the Maldives), *prata* (in Southeast Asia), *paratha*, *buss-up shut*, *oil roti* (in the Anglophone Caribbean) and *roti canai* in Malaysia and Indonesia.

File:Aloo Paratha with Butter from India.jpg|Punjabi Aloo Paratha served with Butter, from India
File:Mughlai Kheema Paratha.JPG|Mughlai Paratha from Kolkata, India.
File:Dhakai Paratha with Bengal Gram.JPG|Dhakai Paratha from West Bengal, India
File:Alooparatha.jpg|Aloo paratha from northern India
File:Teaparatha.jpg|Paratha served with tea in a Pakistani Hotel
File:Paranthamumbai.jpg|Stuffed Bengali-style paratha served in a restaurant in Mumbai, India
File:Paratharoti.jpg|Trinidadian-style roti paratha (buss-up shut)
File:Palatha, Myanmar.jpg|In Myanmar, paratha is commonly eaten as a dessert, sprinkled with sugar.
File:Smash Paratha - Howrah 2014-04-14 0217.JPG|Petai Paratha (Smashed Paratha), a West Bengal variant served with light vegetable curry
File:Lachha-paratha.jpg|Lachha Paratha

## References
National symbols of the Solomon Islands

The **National symbols of the Solomon Islands** are the symbols that are used to represent both the divided Solomon Islander people proper and abroad to represent the country and its people.

## Solomon Islander symbols
Paneer

**Paneer** (), also known as **panir** (), is a fresh acid-set cheese common in the Indian subcontinent. It is made from full-fat buffalo milk or cow milk. It is a non-aged, non-melting soft cheese made by curdling milk with a fruit- or vegetable-derived acid, such as lemon juice.
## Nutrition and preparation
Paneer is prepared by adding food acid, such as lemon juice, vinegar, citric acid or dahi (yogurt), to hot milk to separate the curds from the whey. The curds are drained in muslin or cheesecloth and the excess water is pressed out. The paneer is then dipped in chilled water for 2–3 hours to improve its texture and appearance. What happens next varies.

In North Indian cuisines, the curds are wrapped in cloth, placed under a heavy weight such as a stone slab for two to three hours, and then cut into cubes for use in curries. Pressing for a shorter time (approximately 20 minutes) results in a softer, fluffier cheese.

In Bengali, Odia and other East Indian cuisines, it is beaten or kneaded by hand into a dough-like consistency, heavily salted and hardened to produce paneer (called *ponir*), which is typically eaten in slices at teatime with biscuits or various types of bread, deep-fried in a light batter or used in cooking.

In the area surrounding the city of Surat in Gujarat, *surti paneer* is made by draining the curds and ripening them in whey for 12 to 36 hours.

## Use in dishes
Paneer is the most common type of cheese used in the Indian subcontinent. It is sometimes wrapped in dough and deep-fried or served with either spinach (palak paneer) or peas (mattar paneer). Paneer dishes can be sweet, like shahi paneer, or spicy/hot, like chilli paneer.

File:Chamcham - Bainan - Howrah 2015-04-14 7905.JPG|Chamcham is a popular paneer sweet 
File:ChennaPoda.jpg|Chennapoda is a popular baked paneer cheese-cake from India
File:Gur er Sandesh.jpg|Sandesh is a popular paneer sweet dish. 
File:Matar-Paneer.JPG|*Mattar paneer*, a vegetarian dish from India
File:Yummy Palak Paneer.jpg|Palak paneer, a spinach-based curry dish
File:Ishwar Paneer.JPG|Paneer tikka masala from India
File:Malai Paneer Pizza from India.jpg|A pizza with paneer and vegetable toppings from India

## References
The Heavy Entertainment Show

***The Heavy Entertainment Show*** is the eleventh studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 4 November 2016.

## Track listing
**Notes**
*  signifies an additional producer

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications
!scope="row"|Worldwide (IFPI)
|
|700,000+

## References
Momo (food)

**Momos** are a type of steamed filled dumpling in Tibet, Nepal,  Bhutan and India. Momos are usually served with a sauce known as achar with spices and herbs. It can also be cooked as soup versions known as jhol momo.  The broth is made from achar using a mixture of tomatoes, sesame seeds, chillies,  cumin and coriander or mokthuk from boiling pork or buffalo bones mixed with various herbs and vegetables.

## Production
, United States]]
A simple white-flour-and-water dough is used to make the outer covering of momos. Sometimes, a little yeast or baking soda is added to give a more doughy texture to the finished product.

Traditionally, momos were made with ground/minced meat, potatoes, and leek filling. Momos are now made with almost any combination of ground meat, vegetables, tofu, mushrooms, paneer, soft chhurpi (local hard cheese) and vegetable and meat combinations.

* Meat: Different types of meat fillings are popular in different regions. In Nepal, Tibet, Sikkim, and Bhutan common meat fillings are pork, chicken, goat and water buffalo. In the Himalayan region of Nepal and India, lamb and yak meat are more common. Minced meat is combined with any or all of the following: onions/shallots, garlic, ginger and cilantro/coriander. Some people also add finely puréed tomatoes and soy sauce.
* Vegetables: Finely chopped cabbage, carrot, soy granules, potato, flat bean (*lilva kachori*) or chayote (*iskush*) are used as fillings in Nepal.
* Cheese: Usually fresh paneer or the traditional soft chhurpi is used. This variety is common in Eastern Nepal.
* Khoa: Momos filled with milk solids mixed with sugar are popular as a dessert in the Kathmandu Valley.

The dough is rolled into small circular flat pieces. The filling is enclosed in the circular dough cover either in a round pocket or a half-moon or crescent shape. People prefer meat with a lot of fat because it produces flavourful, juicy momos. A little oil is sometimes added to the lean ground/minced meat to keep the filling moist and juicy. The dumplings are then cooked by steaming over a soup (either a stock based on bones or vegetables) in a momo-making utensil called *mucktoo*. Momos may also be pan-fried or deep-fried after being steamed.

## Gallery

File:Momomucktoo.jpg|Momos in a *mucktoo* in Kathmandu, Nepal
File:Kothey momo.JPG|Kothey, a pan-fried momo variety from "The Bakery Cafe" in Nepal

## References
The Ego Has Landed

***The Ego Has Landed*** is a compilation album by English singer Robbie Williams. After his success around the world, especially in Europe, The album was released in May 1999 in the United States and Canada, and later released worldwide. All tracks were previously released on Williams' first two albums, *Life thru a Lens* (1997) and ''I've Been Expecting You* (1998).

## Track listing 
## Notes
Tracks 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 14 are from *Life thru a Lens* (1997). 
Tracks 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, and 13 are from *I've Been Expecting You'' (1998).

"One of God's Better People" runs 3:36. After 10 minutes of silence, Williams recites a poem called "Hello Sir", addressed to a teacher who berated him for wanting to become a pop singer. This previously appeared as a hidden track on *Life thru a Lens*.

## Reception
### Charts 
#### Weekly charts
#### Year-end charts
### Certifications
## References
Thali

vegetarian *thali* served in a restaurant]]

**Thali** (meaning "plate" or "tray") or **Bhojanam** (meaning "full meal") is a round platter used to serve food in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean. Thali also means an Indian-style meal made of a selection of dishes which are served on a platter. 

## Thali/Bhojanam meal 
*Thali* refers to the metal plate that a thali meal may be served on, while *Bhojanam* refers to full meals. Thali is a popular method of serving meals in South Asia. The idea behind a thali is to offer different flavours on one single plate. According to Indian food custom, a proper meal should be a perfect balance of  six flavours. Restaurants typically offer a choice of vegetarian or meat-based thalis. Vegetarian bhojanams are very typical and commonplace in Tamil Nadu canteens
, ca. 1712]]
Dishes served in a thali vary from region to region in the Indian subcontinent. They are usually served in small bowls, called *katori* in India. These katoris are placed along the edge of the round tray, the actual thali. Sometimes a steel tray with multiple compartments is used. Typical dishes include rice, dal, vegetables, roti, papad, yogurt, small amounts of chutney or pickle, and a sweet dish. Rice or roti is the usual main dish that occupies the central portion of the thali. Side dishes like vegetable curries are lined in a circle around the thali. The thali has food from the region. In general, a thali begins with different types of breads such as puris or chapatis (rotis) and different vegetarian specialities (curries). In South India and Southeast Asia, rice is the only staple served with bhojanams. Thalis or Bhojanams are sometimes referred to by the regional characteristic of the dishes they contain. For example, one may encounter Andhra bhojanam, Nepalese thali, Rajasthani thali, Gujarati thali, Maharashtrian thali, Manipuri chakluk, Tamil unavu and Thai unavu. In many parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean, the bread and the rice portions are not served together in the thali. Typically, the bread is offered first with rice being served afterwards, often in a separate bowl or dish.

## References
Benedikt Kautsky

Benedikt Kautsky, an Austrian economist and prominent Socialist, spent most of the Third Reich in concentration camps. In his 1946 memoirs, he described the great difficulty of mutual assistance among prisoners.

## 060 – The Auschwitz survivor Benedikt Kautsky on the “laws of the camps” 
Everybody who was old, weak, or sick was condemned to death. There was little possibility of helping anyone. If I give something to someone I will be taking it away from somebody else. If I give something to someone who’s weak then I’ll keep him alive for longer, but in the end I won’t be able to save him. At the same time, I will be taking it away from a strong person and in doing so will be weakening him, so that he too will become weak and sick. The upshot is that I shall be harming both of them.

Source: B. Kautsky, Teufel und Verdammte (Zurich, 1946), p. 165

Translation: Lesley Sharpe and Jeremy Noakes
Songbook (Robbie Williams album)

***Songbook*** is a compilation album by English pop singer Robbie Williams. It was given away for free inside the *Mail on Sunday* on 11 October 2009. The one-off, limited-edition album includes some of his biggest songs, rare live performances, and images and video clips from his 2009 album, *Reality Killed the Video Star*.

## Track listing
#"Let Me Entertain You" (Live from Knebworth)
#"Feel" (Live from Knebworth)
#"Come Undone"
#"Viva Life on Mars"
#"The Trouble with Me"
#"Man Machine"
#"Me and My Monkey"
#"No Regrets" (Live from Slane Castle)
#"Phoenix from the Flames"
#"Nan's Song"
#"Rock DJ" (Live from Cologne)
#"Angels" (Live from London Forum)

## References
*
Robbie Williams videography

English singer Robbie Williams has released nine video albums and has been in fifty-six music videos and a few films.

## Music videos 
 shot the version 2 of "Angels" in 1999]]
", was directed by Marc Klasfeld]]

## Video albums 
## Related pages 
*Take That videography

## References 
## Other websites 
*Robbie Williams / Vevo on YouTube
Victoria Williams (archer)

**Victoria Williams** (born 28 March 1968) is a British female barebow archer. She won the bronze medal at the 2014 World Field Archery Championships in the women's team event. She was Barebow 50+ Women champion.

She was a coach for team Great Britain.

Her review appeared in Barebow International.

## References
Greatest Hits (Robbie Williams album)

***Greatest Hits*** is a hits compilation released by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams on 18 October 2004. The album has two new songs, "Radio" and "Misunderstood", which were both released as singles.

## Track listing
## *The Best So Far*
***The Best So Far*** is an updated version of *Greatest Hits*, released only in Brazil to celebrate Robbie's *Close Encounters* tour. Even with *Greatest Hits* being released in Brazil, *The Best So Far* updates the track listing, adding "Sin Sin Sin", "Advertising Space" and "Tripping", but removing songs such as "Old Before I Die", "Lazy Days" and "She's the One".

;Track listing
#"Sin Sin Sin" – 4:09
#"Advertising Space" – 4:37
#"Feel" – 4:22
#"Angels" – 4:25
#"Sexed Up" – 4:20
#"Millennium" – 4:08
#"Come Undone" – 4:38
#"Rock DJ" – 4:18
#"Supreme" – 4:19
#"Tripping" – 4:07
#"No Regrets" – 5:11
#"Radio" – 3:51
#"Misunderstood" – 4:02
#"Let Me Entertain You" – 4:21

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
### Decade-end charts
## Certifications
## References
Callaloo

**Callaloo** ();  is a plant used in popular dishes in many Caribbean countries. In some Caribbean countries, a stew made with the plant is called callaloo.  In Trinidad and Tobago and Grenada, the dish itself is called callaloo, and uses taro leaves (known by many local names such as 'dasheen bush', 'callaloo bush', or 'bush') or *Xanthosoma* leaves (known by many names, including *cocoyam* and *tannia*).
## Callaloo recipes
Callaloo in eastern Caribbean countries is generally made with okra and dasheen or water spinach *Ipomoea aquatica*.  There are many sorts of callaloo which may include coconut milk, crab, conch, Caribbean lobster, meats, pumpkin, chili peppers, and other seasonings such as chopped onions and garlic. The ingredients are added and cooked gently to a somewhat stew-like consistency. When done, callaloo is dark green in colour and is served as a side dish which may be used as a gravy for other food.

In Guyana it is made in various ways without okra.

In Jamaica, callaloo is often combined with saltfish or other meats, and is usually seasoned with garlic, carrots, local powdered seasoning, tomatoes, salt, scotch bonnet peppers, onions, scallions, thyme, sweet pepper and pimento. It is often eaten as a side dish with a full course meal, or as either breakfast or dinner with roasted breadfruit, boiled green bananas and dumplings, or bread. It is even added to Jamaican patties, called vegetable/vegie/vagan patties, seasoned rice, as well as Fritters

In Grenada, callaloo is steamed with garlic, onion and coconut milk and often eaten as a side dish. Grenadians also stir or blend the mixture until it has a smooth consistent texture. Callaloo soup of callaloo, okra (optional), dumplings, ground provision like yam, potato (sweet and "Irish") chicken and beef is traditionally eaten on Saturdays. It is also one of the most important ingredients in oil down, the island's national dish of steamed breadfruit, callaloo, dumplings, ground provision, carrot and several varieties of meat—salt fish, chicken, and pork. All of this is steamed in coconut milk and saffron powder.

In the Virgin Islands, callaloo is served with a dish of fungee on the side.

In Guadeloupe, *calalou au crabe* (crab callaloo) is a traditional Easter dish.

In St. Lucia, crab callaloo is also popular especially as part of the country's Creole day celebrations.

Martinique and Guadeloupe also have a variety served with Creole rice and salt cod salad.

A similar variation is the recipe called *laing* is popular in the Philippines, mainly the Bicol region.

## References