open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ben Guerdane

**Ben Gardane** or **Bengardane** ( or , ''*; ) is a commune and coastal town in south eastern Tunisia, close to the border with Libya. It is located at around .

## History
During the Second World War Ben Gardane Airfield was used by the 57th Fighter Group, which flew P-40 Warhawks from the airfield from 9 to 21 March 1943 during the Eighth Army advance into Tunisia from Libya, to which the 57th was attached. It was also used by Spitfires from the 601 Squadron RAF.

, Second World War]]
The town belongs to the governorate of Medenine. Located 423&nbsp;km - 559&nbsp;km by road - from Tunis, it is the city furthest from the capital.

It is the last major city in the governorate of Medenine with total population estimated at 79,912 inhabitants in 2014. It is located 32 kilometers from the Tunisian-Libyan border.

It is best known both in Tunisia and Libya as a trade road and an open exchange market. Tunisians take advantage of the availability and variety of the goods existing in the shops. The great amount of these goods are basically imported from Libya and deemed less expensive.

It is distinguished for its large population of dromedaries estimated at 15,000 head. An annual festival devoted to them during the month of June.

In March 2016, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya attacked the town in the Battle of Ben Guerdane.

### Islamic militancy
According to *The Washington Post*, "hundreds of young men have left Ben Guerdane over the past three decades to wage jihad in Iraq, Afghanistan and Bosnia, radicalized in part by a repressive regime that persecuted Islamists".

The leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi famously said of Ben Gardane, "if it was located next to Fallujah, we would have liberated Iraq."

### Population and tribal diversity
There is a mixture of Berbers and Arabs, who from the *Twazin* tribal alliance which took place centuries ago as a tribal defense shield against the invasion, especially from the east towards Libya. There is no historical record as to the date of the establishment of this alliance but the inhabitants of Bengardane still have this bond and are said to be proud of the alliance. Beside the *Twazin'', there are other large tribes such as Jelidat, Rabai'a which have participated in shaping the heritage, culture and way of life in Bengardane .

## Related pages 
* 2016 Ben Guerdane attack

## References
Chenda

The **Chanda** (Malayalam: ചെണ്ട, [tʃeɳʈa]) is a cylindrical percussion instrument used widely in the state of Kerala, Tulu Nadu of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in India. In Tulu Nadu (Coastal Karnataka), it is known as *chende*. It is greatly identified as a cultural element in Kerala.
## Sound
This instrument is famous for its loud and rigid sound. A Chenda has two sides, the left side called "Edamthala" (ഇടം തല)(Left Head) and the right side "Valamthala" (വലം തല)(Right Head). The "Edamthala" is made of only one/two layer of cow skin and the "Valamthala" will have a five/seven layer skin, so as to have a bass sound. The skin are dried in the shade and fastened on wooden rings (Chenda Vattam, ചെണ്ട വട്ടം) made of the trunk of a locally available palm tree (Eeranpana) or bamboo, using a gum prepared from the seed of a tree called "pananchi maram". The circular frame is kept in a vessel, boiled for an entire day and then bent in the form of circle and dried. The body of the Chenda which is 1&nbsp;ft in diameter and 1.5&nbsp;inches thickness is made of the soft wood of the jackfruit tree (വരിക്ക പ്ലാവ്) (Varikka Plavu). The thickness is again reduced by 0.25&nbsp;inches, at simultaneous points separated by 4&nbsp;inches. This is done in order to produce highly resonating sound. Only the wooden rings with the skin (Chenda Vattam) is replaced once the quality of the sound is not up to the mark. For regular Chenda artists an average of 15 rings are required every year.
## Usage
The Chenda is mainly played in Hindu temple festivals and as an accompaniment in the religious art forms of Kerala. The chenda is used as an accompaniment for Kathakali, Koodiyattam, Kannyar Kali, Theyyam and among many forms of dances and rituals in Kerala. It is also played in a dance-drama called Yakshagana (Tenku Thittu) which is popular in Tulu Nadu in Karnataka. There is a variant of this instrument used in northern school of Yakshagana called Chande. It is traditionally considered to be an *Asura Vadyam* ((demonic instrument)) which means it cannot go in harmony. Chenda is an inevitable musical instrument in all form of cultural activities in Kerala.

## Making
In Kerala the craft of making Chenda is now associated with some few "Perumkollan" (smith) families at Peruvembu, Nemmara, Lakkidi, Vellarkad and Valappaya villages. Many famous Chenda percussionists in Kerala make their Chendas from Vellarkad village for it is famous for the quality of the instrument.
Malindi

**Malindi** is a town lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. It is 120 kilometres northeast of Mombasa.

Malindi has a tropical savanna climate (*As* in the Köppen climate classification). The area shows classic examples of Swahili architecture. Malindi developed as part of Swahili Civilization in the 5th–10th centuries.

The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama met Malindi authorities in 1498 to sign a trade agreement and hire a guide for the voyage to India, when he erected a coral pillar.

During World War II Malindi was one of only two towns in East Africa bombed by the Italians. This happened on 24 October 1940.
 
After the World War II Malindi began developing into a resort.

Most of the events in the novels *“Once in Malindi”* and *“Our Wild Sex in Malindi”* (by Andrei Gusev) take place in Malindi, Watamu, Lamu. The novels describe a few years living in Malindi of Russian writer Andy and his wife Jennifer, who was born in Kenya.

Song *“Yasoi Malindi”* by Yasoy Kala Kana.

## Related pages
*Ruins of Gedi (near Malindi)
*Vasco da Gama Pillar

## References
King and Queen County, Virginia

**King and Queen County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 6,608 people lived there. Its county seat is King and Queen Court House.

## References
Lesueur's frog

'''LeSueur's frog**, **LeSuer's tree frog** or the **stony creek frog'* (*Ranoidea lesueurii'') is a tree frog from Australia.  It lives in Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and parts of Victoria.

This frog lives in forests.  It lives in dry forests and wet forests, such as rainforests.  It can also look for food on land that humans use to graze animals.  The female lays eggs in pools next to streams and other places where the water does not flow quickly.  The eggs stick to the undersides of rocks and to the bottom of the body of water.

This frog can catch the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.

## References
Betim

**Betim** is an Brazilian city in the state of Minas Gerais. Its population in 2019 was 439,340 and has an area of 343,856&nbsp;km².
Nadezhda Iarondaikina

**Nadezhda Iarondaikina** (born 30 November 1994) is a Russian water polo player.

She played at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2016 Women's European Water Polo Championship.

## References
Glee season 1

The **first season** of the musical comedy-drama television show *Glee* originally premiered on May 19, 2009 and ended on June 8, 2010 on FOX in the United States. The first season had 22 episodes and was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Ryan Murphy Television. The first season features the Fictional William McKinley High School Glee Club “New Directions” located in the namesake school in Lima, Ohio. It also shows the glee club in several competitions; local, regional and nationals which was held in New York City. Relationships,Sexuality and other issues were explored in the first Season of Glee. This Season explored the interpersonal relationships between the members of the Glee Club and some of the staff and the club’s goals of winning and becoming a team.
Link: The Faces of Evil and Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon

***Link: The Faces of Evil*** and ***Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon*** are action-adventure games developed by Animation Magic and published by Philips Interactive Media for the CD-i video game console. They are some of the few Zelda games made for a video game console that was not owned by Nintendo. Both games received bad reviews for their bad game design, animation and voice acting. They were not well-known until the internet made them well-known.

## References
Evgeniia Abdriziakova

**Evgeniia Abdriziakova** (born 7 June 1988) is a Russian water polo player. She played at the 2014 Women's European Water Polo Championship, and 2015 World Aquatics Championships,  

## References
Yelena Starodubtseva

**Yelena Starodubtseva** (born 26 February 1989) is an Kazakhstani female water polo player. She was a member of the Kazakhstan women's national water polo team. 

She was a part of the team at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships.

## References
Agnee Morcha

***Agnee Morcha*** is a Hindi action movie from Bollywood starring Dharmendra, Ravi Kishan, Mukesh Khanna, directed by Raju Chouhan and produced by Rajesh Kothari. The film was released on 4 April 1997 under the banner of Shiva Dolly Films.

## Cast 
* Dharmendra 
* Mukesh Khanna 
* Ravi Kishan 
* Simran 
* Johnny lever 
* Raza Murad 
* Mushtaq Khan 

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Idakka

The ***idakka*** (Malayalam: ഇടയ്ക്ക, literally*, in the middle*), also spelt **edaykka**/**edakka**, is an hourglass-shaped drum from Kerala in south India. This handy percussion instrument is very similar to the pan-Indian damaru.[*citation needed*] While the damaru is played by rattling knotted cords against the resonators, the idakka is played with a stick. Like the damaru, the idakka's pitch may be bent by squeezing the lacing in the middle. The idakka is slung over the left shoulder and the right side of the instrument is gently beaten with a thin curve-ended stick.
Kombu (instrument)

**Kombu** or **Kombu Pattu** is a musical instrument.  It is a long horn.  People play this instrument by blowing into it. This instrument is used in the music from Kerala in southern India.

*The size of a kombu can vary but it is approx 15 centimetres wide and 132 centimetres long. It is usually made of brass and costs about four thousand to five thousand. It is mostly used in southern India.*
Princess Charlotte of Wales

**Princess Charlotte of Wales** (7 January 1796 – 6 November 1817) was the daughter of George IV, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his wife, Caroline of Brunswick. She was their only child.

Charlotte was born in London on 7 January 1796. On 2 May 1816, she married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, who later became Leopold I of Belgium. On 5 November 1817, she gave birth to a stillborn boy. On 6 November 1817, she died from complications of the birth.

## Ancestry 
## References
## Other websites
Princess Charlotte

**Princess Charlotte** might refer to:

## People 
* Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1694–1715), wife of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia and mother of Tsar Peter II, Emperor of Russia
* Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (1700–1761), wife of Francesco III, Duke of Modena
* Charlotte, Princess Royal (1766–1828), eldest daughter of King George III; Queen consort of King Frederick I of Württemberg
* Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (1789–1864), married Prince William of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), mother of Queen Louise of Denmark
* Princess Charlotte of Wales (1796–1817), only child of King George IV of the United Kingdom; first wife of Leopold I of the Belgians
* Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia) (1798–1860), born Princess Charlotte of Prussia, empress consort of Nicholas I of Russia as Alexandra Feodorovna
* Princess Charlotte of Württemberg (1807–1873), wife of Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia under the name Elena Pavlovna
* Princess Charlotte of Clarence (1819), eldest legitimate child of the future King William IV of the United Kingdom, died hours after birth
* Charlotte of Belgium (1840–1927), a.k.a. Carlota, empress-consort of Maximilian of Mexico from 1864 till the emperor was deposed and shot in 1867
* Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen (1860–1919), Princess of Prussia
* Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois (1898–1977)
* Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium (1927–2005), wife of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
* Charlotte Casiraghi (born 1986), sometimes incorrectly called Princess Charlotte of Monaco
* Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (born 2015), daughter of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge

## Places 
* The Princess Charlotte, now The Charlotte, a music venue in Leicester, England
* Princess Charlotte Bay, in far North Queensland, Australia

## Transportation 
* , the name of several ships
* , the name of several ships of the Royal Navy
* , the name of several ships during the Napoleonic Wars
* *Princess Charlotte*, the name of a GWR 4000 Class locomotive
2000 Year Old Man

***The 2000 Year Old Man*** is a comedy sketch. It was first created by Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks in the 1950s. It was then first performed public in the 1960s. Brooks plays a 2000-year-old man. He is interviewed by Reiner in a series of comedy routines that were turned into a collection of records and also performed on television.

## History
The main story for the sketches were laid during the making of *Your Show of Shows*. Here, Reiner was an actor and Brooks was a writer. Reiner explains the first sketch:

It was originally a joke between the two that was then shared at parties. Reiner started bringing a tape recorder to the parties because of this. Lots of people such as George Burns said to the two that they should their sketches on an album. Only Steve Allen, however, wasa able to convince them to record it in his studio.

## Recordings and performances
Their first television appearances while doing the sketch were on *The Ed Sullivan Show* in February 1961. It was then seen on *The Steve Allen Show* 8 months later.
# *2000 and One Years with Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks* (1961)
# *2000 and Thirteen with Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks* (Warner Bros. Records, 1973)
# *The 2000 Year Old Man in the Year 2000* (1997)

## References
List of transport standards organisations

This is a list of transport standards organizations:
*International Air Transport Association is for international air transport
*International Union of Railways
*International Road Transport Union
Kimberly water-holding frog

The **Kimberly water-holding frog**, **long-footed frog**, **collared frog**, **blotchy frog** or **variegated burrowing frog** (*Ranoidea longipes*) is a frog from Australia.  It lives in the Kimberly region in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.

This frog lives in grasslands.  It likes to dig in the ground.  The females lay eggs in shallow water, 50 to 2000 at a time.  The tadpoles grow into frogs after one month.

## References
Social order

The term **social order** can be used in two ways: 

It may mean a particular system of social structures and institutions. Examples are the ancient, the feudal, and the capitalist social orders. 

Secondly, social order is the opposite of social chaos or disorder. It refers to a stable society where the existing social structure is supported by its members. 

The **problem of order** (the Hobbesian problem} is central to much of sociology, political science and political philosophy. It asks how and why social orders should exist at all.

## Sociology
Thomas Hobbes was the first to clearly formulate the problem. He answered with the notion of a social contract.

Social theorists (such as Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Jürgen Habermas) have proposed different explanations for what a social order consists of, and what its real basis is.

## Related pages
*Social control
Glee: The 3D Concert Movie

***Glee: The 3D Concert Movie*** is a 2011 American 3D movie. It is based on the Fox television series *Glee*. It features the cast performing during the *Glee Live! In Concert!* tour.
Loa

**Loa** are the spirits of Voodoo. They are also referred to as "mystères" and "the invisibles" and are intermediaries between Bondye (from French Bon Dieu, meaning "good God") and humanity. They have their own personal likes and dislikes, songs, dances, ritual symbols (Veve), and special modes of service.

There are many families of loa: Rada (also Radha), Petro (also Pethro, Petwo), Agwé, Nago, Kongo and Ghede (also Guede, or Gede) among others. In a ritual the loa are called down by the *houngan* (priest) or *mambo* (priestess) to take part in the service, receive offerings, and grant requests.

## References
Androgyne

**Androgyne** is the combination of man and woman, or genders related to masculinity and femininity, associated with androgyny. It is different from androgynous, as it is generally used as a gender identity, rather than being a gender expression or presentation.

## Terminology 
The word is a mixture of ἀνδρ- (anér*, andr-, andro-*, man) and γυνή (gunē, gyné*, gyne*, woman).

## References
Operation Moonshot

**Operation Moonshot** is a programme by the UK government to allow many people in England to be tested for COVID-19 as a way to allow large gatherings of people to happen there while maintaining control over the virus. According to the *British Medical Journal*, the programme aims to perform 10 million tests per day by 2021.

People are worried about it because, as a leaked government document says, it is thought it may cost £100bn, which is about three-quarters of what the NHS England costs every year. Statisticians say because any test can have inaccuracies, mass testing at this scale might cause hundreds of thousands of false positives a day, resulting in very large numbers of people being told they are infected when they are not infected.

## References
Kathleen Byerly

**Kathleen M. Bruyere** (née **Donahue**, previously **Byerly**; 5 February 19443 September 2020) was an American military captain in the United States Navy. She was one of the twelve women named by *Time* magazine as Time Person of the Year in 1975.

In May 1975, she became the first female officer in the Navy to became the flag secretary to an admiral commanding an operational staff. 

In 1977, Byerly was one of six officers who sued the United States Secretary of the Navy and the United States Secretary of Defense over their being restricted from serving on combat aircraft and ships. This led to the 1948 Women's Armed Services Integration Act being struck down as unconstitutional.

Byerly was born in Norfolk, Virginia. She died of cancer on 3 September 2020 in San Diego, California at the age of 76.

## References
Narong Wongwan

**Narong Wongwan** (; 25 December 1925 – 10 September 2020) was a Thai politician and tobacco businessman. He was a long-term member of parliament representing Phrae.

He was the leader of the United Thai Party and the Justice Unity Party. He was publicly known as the "godfather" *(jao pho)* of Phrae or even "godfather of the North".

From 1983 to 1986, he was the Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives. In 1992 for a short time, he was the Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand.

Wongwan died on 10 September 2020 at a hospital in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand from dementia, aged 94.

## References
Bill Heller

**Dr. Harold William "Bill" Heller** (September 3, 1935 – September 11, 2020) was an American politician and educator. He was born in Scales Mound, Illinois. Heller was a member of the Democratic Party. From 2007 to 2011, he was a member of the Florida House of Representatives. 

Heller died on September 11, 2020 in St. Petersburg, Florida at the age of 85.

## References
H. Jay Melosh

**H. Jay Melosh** (June 23, 1947 – September 11, 2020) was an American geophysicist. His works focused in impact cratering. He was born in Paterson, New Jersey. In 2003, he became a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Melosh's research interests include impact craters, planetary tectonics, and the physics of earthquakes and landslides. His recent research includes studies of the giant impact origin of the moon and the Chicxulub impact.

Melosh died on September 11, 2020 at the age of 73.

## References
Sei Ashina

(born **Igarashi Aya**,  November 22, 1983 – September 14, 2020) was a Japanese actress. She was best known for starring as Hime in *Kamen Rider Hibiki*. She was also known for her role as The Girl in *Silk* (2007). Ashina was born in Fukushima, Japan.

Ashina killed herself on September 14, 2020 in Tokyo from hanging at the age of 36.

## References
Petko Christov

**Petko Jordanov Christov**, O.F.M.Conv. (; 9 October 1950 – 14 September 2020) was a Bulgarian Roman Catholic prelate. He was a Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicopoli from 1994 until his death. Christov was born in Velcevo, Veliko Tarnovo. 

Christov was president of the Catholic charity Caritas in Bulgaria and member of the Episcopal Conference of Bulgaria.

Christov died on 14 September 2020 at the age of 69.

## References
François Debré

**François Debré** (3 April 1942 – 14 September 2020) was a French screenwriter and journalist. He was a member of the Société des gens de lettres. He was born in Toulouse, France. He was the son of Prime Minister Michel Debré.

He joined the magazine *Afrique contemporaine* in 1966 before becoming a freelance journalist in 1968. He worked in Biafra for *Le Monde*, and in Cambodia and Vietnam for ''L'Obs* and *Le Point''. 

Debré died on 14 September 2020 in Montlouis-sur-Loire, France at the age of 78. His brother, Bernard Debré died the day before.

## References
Sabit Brokaj

**Sabit Brokaj** (7 January 1942 ) was an Albanian politician, doctor, and professor. In 1991 Brokaj was the Minister of Health of Albania. He was also the Defence Minister between 1997 to 1998. He was a member of the cabinets of Rexhep Meidani and Ramiz Alia. Brokaj was born in Vlorë, Albania.

## References
Mario Cafiero

**Mario Alejandro Hilario Cafiero** (21 January 1956 &ndash; 13 September 2020) was an Argentine politician. He was a member of Proyecto Sur. He was born in Buenos Aires. Cafiero was a member of the Chamber of Deputies between 1997 to 2005. In 2011, he unsuccessfully ran for Governor of the Buenos Aires Province.

Cafiero died on 13 September 2020 of colon cancer in Buenos Aires, aged 64.

## References
Bernard Debré

**Bernard Debré** (30 September 1944 &ndash; 13 September 2020) was a French urologist and politician. He was a member (*député*) of the National Assembly of France from 2012 to 2017. He was one of the representatives of the city of Paris. He was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. From 1992 to 2001, he was the Mayor of Amboise.

Debré was born in Toulouse, France. He was the son of Prime Minister Michel Debré and twin-brother of Jean-Louis Debré.

Debré died on 13 September 2020 of cancer at the age of 75. His brother, François Debré died the next day.

## References
György Keleti

**György Keleti** (18 May 1946 – 13 September 2020) was a Hungarian politician. He was Minister of Defence between 1994 and 1998 during the Gyula Horn cabinet. From 1992 to 2010, he was a member of the National Assembly. He was born in Lučenec, Czechoslovakia. 

Keleti died on 13 September 2020 from a long-illness in Budapest, aged 74.

## References
Raghuvansh Prasad Singh

**Raghuvansh Prasad Singh** (6 June 1946 – 13 September 2020) was an Indian politician. In the Lok Sabha, represented the Vaishali constituency of Bihar between 1996 to 2014. He was the national vice president of the Rashtriya Janata Dal political party until 2010. He was born in Vaishali, Bihar.

Singh died of COVID-19 on 13 September 2020 in New Delhi at the age of 74.

## References
Jean-Louis Debré

**Jean-Louis Debré** (30 September 1944 &ndash; 4 March 2025) was a French politician.

He was President of the National Assembly from 2002 to 2007 and President of the Constitutional Council from 2007 to 2016. 

He was the son of Prime Minister Michel Debré. 

He was Minister of the Interior from 1995 until 1997 during the presidency of Jacques Chirac. Since 2016 he has been President of the Superior Council of Archives.

Debré died on 4 March 2025 in Paris, France at the age of 80.

## References
Joaquín Carbonell

**Joaquín Carbonell Martí** (12 August 1947 &ndash; 12 September 2020) was a Spanish singer-songwriter and poet. He was born in Alloza, Spain. His career began in 1976. He wrote columns about traditional Argentine music on *El Periódico de Aragón*. He was known for performing with Jose Antonio Labordeta. His last concert was in 2014. 

Carbonell died on 12 September 2020 in Zaragoza, Spain from COVID-19, aged 73.

## References
Carlos Casamiquela

**Carlos Horacio Casamiquela** (June 9, 1948 – September 12, 2020) was an Argentine agricultural engineer and politician. He was appointed Minister of Agriculture of Argentina between November 2013 to December 2015. Casamiquela was born in Viedma, Río Negro Province.

Casamiquela died from COVID-19 on 12 September 2020 in Buenos Aires at the age of 72.

## References
Viedma

**Viedma** () is the capital and fourth largest city of the Río Negro Province, in South-Central Argentina. In 2020, 80,632 people lived there. It is located on the southern margin of the Negro River, about 30 kilometres off the Atlantic Coast.

## References
Río Negro (Argentina)

]]
**Río Negro** (; *Black River*) is the most important river of the Argentine province of Río Negro, and Patagonia. Its name comes from the literal translation of the Mapuche term *Curu Leuvu*, although the water is more green than black. 

Formerly, it was also known as "river of the willows" because of the big number of weeping willows that grow along the bank. It's 635&nbsp;km in length.

## Other websites
*Upper Valley (English)
*Valle Medio (Spanish)
*El Valle (Spanish)
*Regatta's official site  (English & Spanish)
Aline Chrétien

**Aline Chrétien** (née **Chaîné**; May 14, 1936September 12, 2020) was a Canadian socialite. She was the wife of Canada's 20th prime minister, Jean Chrétien. In her later life, she was a trained pianist with The Royal Conservatory of Music. He was born in Shawinigan, Quebec. Between 1993 and 2003, she was the Spouse of the Canadian Prime Minister.

Chrétien died on September 12, 2020 in Shawinigan, Quebec from Alzheimer's disease-related problems, aged 84.

## References
Geills Turner

**Geills Turner** (née **Kilgour**; born December 23, 1937) is a Canadian businesswoman and socialite. She was the wife of John Turner, the 17th Prime Minister of Canada. Between June 1984 to September 1984, Turner was the Spouse of the Prime Minister of Canada. Turner was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

## References
Spouse of the prime minister of Canada

The **spouse of the prime minister of Canada** () is the wife or husband of the prime minister of Canada. Diana Fox Carney is the wife of the 24th and current prime minister, Mark Carney.

To date, 19 women have been the wives of the prime minister of Canada; Kim Campbell, the only female prime minister to date, was unmarried during her time in office.

Some media outlets have styled prime ministers' wives as the "First Lady of Canada", similar to the style of *First Lady*. 

## References
Vale of Leven Academy

**Vale of Leven Academy** is a secondary school in Alexandria, Scotland.

## History 
The school opened in 1884, as North Public School. It became a secondary school in 1909. In 1962 it moved to it's current location. The school is located in the south of Alexandria.

A new extension to the building was built in 1973 because the school was overcrowded.

In 1996 the school was used for scenes in a Scottish television show called Take the High Road.

On Saturday, 22nd June 2002, the extension to the school was set on fire and was destroyed. Classes were taught in temporary huts after the fire.

A new building was constructed in 2009 and the original building was demolished.

A bomb was brought in by a pupil in 2011 as part of a history project. The school was evacuated. The Royal Naval Bomb Disposal Squad removed the bomb and it was safely blown up.

In September 2018, the school was evacuated because of a fire started by a pupil in the toilets. There was not a lot of damage and the school reopened the next day.

## Head Teachers 
Head teachers include:

* Alex Rannie (c. 1965-74)
* Tom Murray (1974 - c. 1980)
* Duncan Penny
* Angus McDonald
* Terry Lanagan
* Catriona Robertson (2009-16)
* Paul Darroch (2016-17)
* Matthew Boyle (2017 - present)

## Notable Students 
* David Currie - TV Presenter
* Peter Haining - Rower
* Bobby Kerr - Footballer
* Ian McColl - Footballer
* Sharleen Spiteri - Lead singer of band, Texas
* Stuart David - co-founder of the bands Belle and Sebastian and Looper
* Kelly Ann Woodland - STV News Presenter
* Lynn Faulds Wood - TV Presenter

## Images 

File:Vale of Leven Academy - geograph.org.uk - 1714166.jpg|The new school building
File:Vale of Leven Academy - geograph.org.uk - 1074184.jpg|The old school building
File:Vale of Leven Academy - geograph.org.uk - 1471740.jpg|The old school building being demolished

## References
Bob Crowell

**Robert Lamson Crowell** (November 28, 1945 – September 12, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was elected Mayor of Carson City, Nevada in 2008. He was mayor until his death. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Crowell was born in Tonopah, Nevada.

Crowell died at a hospital in Reno, Nevada on September 12, 2020 at the age of 74.

## References
Tonopah, Nevada

**Tonopah** ( ) is an unincorporated town in and the county seat of Nye County, Nevada, United States. In the 2020 census, the population was 2,179.

## References
Florence Howe

**Florence Rosenfeld Howe** (March 17, 1929 – September 12, 2020) was an American feminist author, publisher, literary scholar and historian. She was known as one of the leaders of the contemporary feminist movement. Howe was born in New York City.

She taught black children in a Mississippi freedom school during 1964 and chaired the Modern Language Association commission on the Status of Women in the Profession.

In 1967, she signed a public statement declaring her intention to refuse to pay income taxes in protest against the U.S. war against Vietnam. 

Howe also founded The Feminist Press in 1970.

She was a professor at State University of New York.

Howe died on September 12, 2020 at her home in New York City from Parkinson's disease-related problems, aged 91.

## References
Shadow congressperson

The posts of **shadow United States senator** and **shadow United States representative** are held by elected or appointed government officials from subnational polities of the United States that do not have congressional vote. While these officials are not seated in either chamber of Congress, they seek for their political office to gain voting rights in Congress.

## Washington D.C.
]]
### List of District of Columbia senators (Seat 1)
*Florence Pendleton (D), 1991–2007 
*Michael Donald Brown (D), 2007–2025
*Ankit Jain (D), 2025-present

### List of District of Columbia senators (Seat 2)
*Jesse Jackson (D), 1991–1997
*Paul Strauss (D), 1997–present

### List of District of Columbia shadow U.S. representatives
* Charles Moreland (D), 1991–1995
* John Capozzi, Jr. (D), 1995–1997
* Sabrina Sojourner (D), 1997–1999
* Tom Bryant, Jr. (D), 1999–2001
* Ray Browne (D), 2001–2007
*Mike Panetta (D), 2007–2013
*Nate Bennett-Fleming (D), 2013–2015
*Franklin Garcia (D), 2015–2021
*Oye Owolewa (D), 2021–present

## Puerto Rico
### List of Puerto Rico senators
* Zoraida Buxó (NPP/R), 2021–present
* Melinda Romero Donnelly (NPP/D), 2021–present

### List of Puerto Rico U.S. representatives
* *Vacant*, 1st 2023–present
* Ricardo Rosselló, 2nd (NPP/D) 2021–present
* Roberto Lefranc Fortuño, 3rd (NPP/R) 2021–present
* *Vacant*, 4th 2023–present

## References
Cuties

***Cuties*** (French: ***Mignonnes***) is a 2020 French coming-of-age comedy-drama movie. It was written and directed by Maïmouna Doucouré. The movie stars Fathia Youssouf, Médina El Aidi-Azouni, Esther Gohourou, Ilanah Cami-Goursolas and Maïmouna Gueye. The movie is about a French-Senegalese Muslim girl who becomes interested in internet culture, even though a lot of it is against her religion. The film was first shown at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival on 23 January 2020. It was released in France on 19 August 2020, and to the rest of the world on 9 September 2020 on Netflix.

Critics mainly said that the movie was good, but many people online did not like the movie as they thought it showed children in a sexual way. The National Center on Sexual Exploitation agreed with the people online, and said that Netflix should not have released the movie.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Armoured frog

The **armoured frog**, **armoured mist frog** or **Alexandra Creek tree frog** (*Ranoidea lorica*) is a frog from Australia. It lives in Queensland.

The adult male frog is 2.7 to 3.3&nbsp;cm long and the adult female is 3.3 to 3.7&nbsp;cm long. It is gray or brown in color with a white belly. Its eyes can be silver or gold in color. It has a round head and a short nose. It has vomerine teeth on its upper jaw. It has more webbing on its hind feet than on its front feet, and it has discs on its front toes. Male frogs grow spikes out of their skin when it is the time of year to attract females.

This frog is related to the waterfall frog.

## References
Split Image (movie)

***Split Image*** is a 1982 Canadian American drama movie directed by Ted Kotcheff and starring Michael O'Keefe, Karen Allen, Peter Fonda, James Woods, Elizabeth Ashley, Brian Dennehy, Ronnie Scribner. It was distributed by Orion Pictures.

## Other websites
*
*
Agata Tnasheva

**Agata Tnasheva** (born 6 February 1989) is an Kazakhstani female water polo player. She was a member of the Kazakhstan women's national water polo team.

She was a part of the team at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, and 2011 World Aquatics Championships.

## References
Hanna Hanholz

**Hanna Hanholz** (born 17 November 1987) is a German water polo player.

She was part of the Germany women's national water polo team at the 2008 Women's European Water Polo Championship squads, 2010 Women's European Water Polo Championship, 2009 Women’s Water Polo World League. and 2009 World Aquatics Championships.

She played for SV Blau-Weiß Bochum.

## References
Blue Bloods (TV series)

***Blue Bloods*** is an American police procedural drama television series that aired on CBS on September 24, 2010 to December 13, 2024. It stars Tom Selleck, Donnie Wahlberg, Len Cariou, and Bridget Moynahan. Its main characters are members of the fictional Reagan family, an Irish-American Catholic family in New York City with a history of work in law enforcement, especially in the New York City Police Department (NYPD). The series is set and shot in New York City.

The spin-off *Boston Blue* starring Donnie Wahlberg and Sonequa Martin set in Boston began airing on CBS in the time slot on Fridays in fall 2025. 

## Other websites 
* 
*
Alexandra Schilling

**Alexandra Schilling** (born 9 November 1981) is a German female water polo player.

She was part of the Germany women's national water polo team at the 2009 Women's Water Polo World League, and 2009 World Aquatics Championships.

## References 
## Other websites 
* dutch-jantien-cabout-fights-for-the-ball-with-german alexandra schilling Getty
Traveling Wilburys

**The Traveling Wilburys** were a British–American rock supergroup.  It was a group of five singers who came together to make two albums, groups of songs sold together.  The Traveling Wilburys were Tom Petty, Roy Orbison, Bob Dylan, George Harrison, and Jeff Lynne.  They made two albums: *The Traveling Wilburys: Volume 1* and *The Traveling Wilburys: Volume 3*.  *Rolling Stone* said Volume 1 was one of the 100 best albums of all time.

## Beginning
The Traveling Wilburys started in 1988.  The international department at Warner Brothers Records asked George Harrison to write a B-side song for his single, *This Is Love*.  In vinyl records, there is one song (or group of songs) on the top of the disc, and then the user can pick the disc up, turn it over, and have the record player play music on the bottom of the disc.  The top is called the A side and the bottom is called the B side.  In the late 1980s, most record companies sold single records with a famous song on the A side and a new song on the B side.  Harrison wrote *Handle with Care* to be the B-side for *This Is Love*. Because some of Harrison's friends were there keeping him company, they decided to sing *Handle with Care* together.  The record company decided *Handle with Care* was too good a song to be a B-side, so they asked the men if they would make a whole album.

## Name
The name "Traveling Wilburys" comes from "We'll bury." When he was recording his album *Cloud Nine*, Harrison noticed some errors in the recording and said "Well bury them in the mix."  At first the band was the Trembling Wilburys but they changed it to the Traveling Wilburys.

**Handle with Care*
**Dirty World*
**Rattled*
**Last Night*
**Not Alone Any More*
**Congratulations*
**Heading for the Light*
**Margarita*
**Tweeter and the Monkey Man*
**End of the Line*

The song *Tweeter and the Monkey Man* was written to make fun of the kinds of songs written by Bruce Springsteen up to that point.

The Traveling Wilburys' second album, *Traveling Wilburys: Volume 3* was released in 1990.  Its title is not a mistake.  Harrison skipped the number 2 on purpose.

## References
Masato Sakai

is a Japanese actor. He is known for a main hero of a Japanese TV drama *Hanzawa Naoki*.

## Roles 
### Movies 
* *Golden Slumber* (2010) as Masaharu Aoyagi

### Television 
* *Hanzawa Naoki* (2013) as Naoki Hanzawa
* *Sanada Maru* (2016) as Sanada Yukimura

## Other websites 
* Official Website
*
Enrique Ramón Fajarnés

**Enrique Ramón Fajarnés** (1929 &ndash; 14 September 2020) was a Spanish politician and lawyer. He was born in Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Ramón Fajarnés was Mayor of Ibiza from 1971 to 1974. He was a Senator between 1982 to 1986. He was also a Deputy from 1986 to 1993. He was a member of the Union of the Democratic Centre.

Ramón Fajarnés died on 14 September 2020 in Ibiza at the age of 91.

## References
Daniel Soulage

**Daniel Soulage** (14 February 1942 &ndash; 14 September 2020) was a French politician. He was born in Monflanquin, Lot-et-Garonne. He was a member of the Senate of France from 2001 to 2011, who represented the Lot-et-Garonne department. He was a member of the Centrist Alliance. 

Soulage was also Mayor of Monflanquin from 1983 to 2008 and Deputy from 1993 to 1997. 

Soulage died on 14 September 2020 in Lot-et-Garonne at the age of 78.

## References
Christian Manen

**Christian Manen** (3 July 1934 &ndash; 11 September 2020) was a French composer and music teacher. In 1961 he won the Premier Grand Prix de Rome with the cantata *La Loreley*. He worked at the Villa Medici in Rome until 1965. That same year, he began working at Conservatoire de Paris.

Manen died on 11 September 2020 at the age of 86.

## References
Takashi Sugimura

was a Japanese biochemist. He was known for his  research on chemical carcinogens. He received the Japan Prize his research on the causes of cancer. He was elected as President of the Japan Academy on October 15, 2013.

Sugimura died on September 6, 2020 from heart failure in Tokyo at the age of 94.

## References
Josephine Langford

**Josephine Langford** (born 18 August 1997) is an Australian actress. She is best known for her starring role as Tessa Young in the movies  *After* and *After We Collided*.

## References
Hurricane Sally

**Hurricane Sally** was an Atlantic tropical cyclone. The storm threatened the United States Gulf Coast States of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. Sally first developed near the Bahamas, moved over Florida, then became a tropical storm.

Tropical storm and hurricane notices were put up from Louisiana to northwest Florida as Sally came toward the region. Several million people prepared for the hurricane. Others left the area.

The storm later hit Alabama and northwestern Florida while a Category 2 hurricane.

## References
Atilio Pozzobón

**Atilio Ángel Pozzobón** (24 March 1938 &ndash; 12 September 2020) was an Argentine actor. He was born in Buenos Aires. He was known for his roles as Francesco in *Son of the Bride* (2001), as Saligani in *Lost Embrace* (2004) and as the movie Czar in *Ay Juancito* (2004). 

Pozzobón died on 12 September 2020 in Buenos Aires at the age of 82.

## References
Dominique Kalifa

**Dominique Kalifa** (12 September 1957 – 12 September 2020) was a French historian, educator and columnist. He was born in Vichy, France.

Kalifa was professor at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne. He was a member of the Institut Universitaire de France.

He was also taught at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) from 2008 to 2015, and was several times visiting scholar at New York University and the University of Saint Andrews.

From 1990, he was also a columnist (historical reviews) for the French newspaper *Libération*.

Kalifa killed himself on his 63rd birthday on 12 September 2020.

## References
Linus Okok Okwach

**Linus Okok Okwach** (20 October 1952 – 12 September 2020) was a Kenyan Roman Catholic prelate. He was Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Homa Bay. He was appointed as bishop of Homa Bay on 18 October 1993 and he resigned on 20 February 2002. Okwach was born in Kisumu, Kisumu County.

Okwach died on 12 September 2020 from problems caused by a fall at a hospital in Nairobi at the age of 67.

## References
Azmi Mohamed Megahed

**Azmi Mohamed Megahed** (; 15 April 1950 &ndash; 12 September 2020) was an Egyptian volleyball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born in Dakahlia, Egypt.

Megahed died on 12 September 2020 in a hospital in Cairo due to COVID-19 at the age of 70.

## References
Annette Jahns

**Annette Jahns** (24 June 1958 – 11 September 2020) was a German operatic mezzo-soprano and contralto, and opera director. She appeared at international opera houses and festivals, with a focus on contemporary music including world premieres. She taught at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber Dresden. Jahns was born in Dresden.

Jahns died from a long illness in Dresden on 11 September 2020 at age 62.

## References
Jack Roland Murphy

**Jack Roland Murphy** (or "**Murph the Surf**" or "**Murf the Surf**") (May 26, 1937 – September 12, 2020) was an American convicted murder and robber. He was also involved in the biggest jewel heist in American history, the 1964 burglary of the jewel collection of New York's American Museum of Natural History.

He was released from prison in 1986. He spent his latter years as an ordained minister, working with inmates in the field of prison ministry. He was born in Oceanside, California.

Murphy died on September 12, 2020 in Crystal River, Florida of heart and multiple organ failure, aged 83.

## References
László Gálos

**László Gálos** (3 April 1933 &ndash; 11 September 2020) was a Hungarian volleyball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born in Bátaszék, Hungary.

Gálos died on 11 September 2020 in Budapest at the age of 87. 

## References
Srećko Štiglić

**Srećko Štiglić** (11 June 1943 &ndash; 10 September 2020) was a Croatian hammer thrower. He competed for SFR Yugoslavia in the 1972 Summer Olympics. Štiglić's personal best was 70.10 m, set in 1981. He was born in Zagreb, Yugoslavia.

Štiglić died on 10 September 2020 at the age of 77.

## References
Dickson Wamwiri

**Dickson Wamwiri Wanjiku** (December 24, 1984 &ndash; September 6, 2020) was a Kenyan taekwondo practitioner. Wamwiri qualified for the men's 58 kg class at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, after winning the championship title from the African Qualification Tournament in Tripoli, Libya.

Wamwiri died on September 6, 2020 from cardiac arrest in Nairobi at the age of 35.

## References
First Blood

***First Blood*** is 1982 American action movie directed by Ted Kotcheff and was based on the 1972 novel of the same name by David Morrell. It stars Sylvester Stallone, Richard Crenna, Brian Dennehy, Bill McKinney, David Caruso, Alf Humphreys and was distributed by Orion Pictures. It is the first movie in the *Rambo* franchise.

## Other websites
* 
*
Wiesing

**Wiesing** is a municipality of the district Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Bi Yanan

**Bi Yanan** (born 6 December 1998) is a Chinese water polo player.

She played at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 Summer Universiade.  

## References
Orlando Bauzon

**Orlando "Orly" Bauzon** (November 17, 1944 – September 5, 2020) was a Filipino basketball player and coach. He was born in Calasiao, Pangasinan. Between 1973 to 1978, he played for the Toyota Super Corollas. He also played for the national team for the 1968 Summer Olympics.

Bauzon died on September 5, 2020 from cardiac arrest in Manila at the age of 75.

## References
Félix Suárez Colomo

**Félix Suárez** (6 December 1950 &ndash; 3 September 2020) was a Spanish racing cyclist. He competed in the sprint event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Cistérniga, Spain.

Suárez Colomo died on 3 September 2020 at the age of 69.

## References
Nada Birko

**Nada Birko** (1 November 1931 – 1 September 2020) was a Yugoslavian cross country skier during the 1950s. She finished 14th in the 10&nbsp;km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. Birko was born in Mrkopalj.

Birko died on 1 September 2020 in Zagreb at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*Yugoslavia's 1952 Winter Olympics results
Terje Steen

**Terje Steen** (13 January 1944 &ndash; 1 September 2020) was a Norwegian ice hockey player. He was born in Oslo, Norway and represented the club Vålerengens IF. He played for the Norwegian national ice hockey team, and  participated at the Winter Olympics in 1968 and 1972.

Steen died on 1 September 2020 in Oslo at the age of 76.

## References
List of speakers of the National Assembly of Republika Srpska

This article lists the **speakers of the National Assembly of the Republika Srpska**.

## List
## Other websites
*Political Leaders: Bosnia and Hercegovina
Nedeljko Čubrilović

**Nedeljko Čubrilović** (born 5 April 1953) is a Bosnian Serb politician. He was the 6th Speaker of the National Assembly of Republika Srpska from 2014 to 2022.

In 2000, he joined the Democratic People's Alliance (DNS). Shortly after, he was elected as the 1st president of the newly established DEMOS on 22 December 2018 in Banja Luka.

## Personal life
Nedeljko is married to Miloja Čubrilović, and they have a son named Đuro and a daughter named Mirjana. They live in Banja Luka, where Nedeljko works.

## References
Zelmar Casco

**Zelmar Casco** (31 July 1926 &ndash; 5 September 2020) was an Argentine fencer. He competed in the individual and team épée events at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born in La Plata, Argentina.

Casco died on 5 September 2020 in Buenos Aires at the age of 94.

## References
President of Republika Srpska

The **President of Republika Srpska** is the highest executive authority in Republika Srpska, an entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 

It is one of the executive authorities. The president of Republika Srpska is directly elected for a term of four years.

## List of officeholders
## Notes
## References
Rajko Kuzmanović

**Rajko Kuzmanović** (; born 1 December 1931) is a Bosnian Serb politician. He was President of the Republic of Srpska from 7 December 2007 to 15 November 2010.

He replaced the Acting President Igor Radojičić. Kuzmanović won the election against Ognjen Tadić of the Serbian Democratic Party with 41.33% of the vote.

## References
List of prime ministers of Republika Srpska

This article lists the **prime ministers of Republika Srpska**.

## List
## Other websites
*World Statesmen – Republika Srpska
Radovan Višković

**Radovan Višković** (; born 1 February 1964) is a Bosnian Serb politician. He is the 13th and current Prime Minister of Republika Srpska, and a member of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD).

## References
National Assembly (Republika Srpska)

The **National Assembly of Republic of Srpska** () is the legislative body of the Republika Srpska, one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current assembly is the ninth since the founding of the entity.

## Related pages 
* List of Speakers of the National Assembly of Republika Srpska

## References