open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Osiris

In Egyptian mythology, **Osiris** is the god of life, death, the flooding of the Nile, and the afterlife. He was the brother and husband of Isis. They had a son named Horus. Osiris was murdered by his brother Set because Osiris was the pharaoh, which Set wanted to be. Osiris was killed when Set tricked him into getting into a box, then poured lead onto the box to close it so Osiris could not get out of it. However, Isis brought Osiris back to life for one night. After Horus was old enough, he defeated Set and became the pharaoh. Osiris' mother was the goddess Nut, father Geb, sister Nephthys, and sister as well as wife Isis.

## Osiris and Dionysus 
By the Hellenic era, Greek awareness of Osiris had grown, and attempts had been made to merge Greek philosophy, such as Platonism, and the cult of Osiris (especially the myth of his resurrection), resulting in a new mystery religion. Gradually, this became more popular, and was exported to other parts of the Greek sphere of influence. However, these mystery religions valued the change in wisdom, personality, and knowledge of truth, rather than the exact details of the accepted myths on which their teachings were overlayed. Thus in each region that it was exported to, the myth was changed to be about a similar local god, resulting in a series of gods, who had originally been quite distinct, but who were now synonymous with Osiris. These gods became known as Osiris-Dionysus.

## Why Egypt loved Osiris 
Egyptian civilization loved Osiris because he was a wise and gentle king. He taught them law and order and led them away from savage practices like cannibalism and human sacrifice. Osiris also taught them the art of agriculture and the appropriate rites for worshipping the gods. When he was done civilizing the people in Egypt, he left the country to his wife Isis and made peace in many other places. When he finished his job he then returned to Egypt.

## Purpose 
Osiris was the god of the Underworld. He was also one of the Nine Gods. One of his duties as Lord of the Dead was to do the very last judgment of the Dead, and after that to protect people from the dangers of the Underworld. The transition between life and death must have been a great experience, but still perilous .

## Appearance 
, Osiris, Anubis and Hathor]]
Osiris was shown in the form of a mummified pharaoh. He wore a white atef crown with feathers on the side, and held a crook and flail; tools of a pharaoh. Osiris had green skin, symbolizing rebirth to the Egyptians.

## References
Patrician

A **patrician** was a member of the upper class in the two social classes in Ancient Rome. They were rich and powerful. The other class was the plebeian class.

## References 
*Kurt Raaflaub, ed. Social Struggles in Archaic: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders (Blackwell Publishing, 2005)
*Gary Forsythe, 2005, A Critical History of Early Rome. University of California Press. 
*Kenny Zeng, 2007, A History Of Ancient and Early Rome

## Other websites 
*www.bartleby.com/65/pa/patricia.html 
*https://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/patricians.html(https://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/patricians.html)
W.A.S.P.

**W.A.S.P.** is an American heavy metal band. The band was formed in 1982 in Los Angeles, California by Blackie Lawless, Rik Fox, Randy Piper and Tony Richards.

## Current members 
*Blackie Lawless - Vocals, guitar and bass guitar
*Doug Blair - Guitar
*Mike Duda - Bass guitar
*Mike Dupke - Drums

## Former members 
*Glenn Soderling
*Stet Howland
*Rik Fox
*Tony Richards
*Johnny Rod
*Frankie Banali
*Chris Holmes
*Randy Piper
*Steve Riley
*Bob Kulick
*Patrick Johansson
*Darrell Roberts
*Don Costa

## Studio albums 
*W.A.S.P.
*The Last Command
*Inside The Electric Circus
*The Headless Children
*The Crimson Idol
*Still Not Black Enough
*Kill Fuck Die
*Helldorado
*Unholy Terror
*Dying For The World
*The Neon God: Part 1 - The Rise
*The Neon God: Part 2 - The Demise
*Dominator
*Babylon

## Live albums 
*Live...In The Raw
*Double Live Assassins
*The Sting
*Live...Animal (EP)

## Video 
*The Sting

## References
## Other websites
*The Official W.A.S.P. Nation Website
*WASP Arena Of Pleasure Fan Site
Virginia Tech massacre

The **Virginia Tech massacre** was a school shooting on April 16, 2007, which took place at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, a college in Blacksburg, Virginia, United States. Seung-Hui Cho, a senior English major at Virginia Tech, who had been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and selective mutism killed 32 people before killing himself. The killings occurred in two separate attacks on the campus. The first at around 7:15 a.m., when two students were shot and killed at  West Ambler Johnston Hall, a co-ed residence hall that houses 894 students. More than two and a half hours later, 31 others, including Cho, were shot and killed across Norris Hall, which houses the Engineering Science and Mechanics program among others, where three main doors had been chained. Victims were found in different locations around the building.

Among the victims the most notable was that of Professor and Holocaust survivor Liviu Librescu who died while shielding his students from the gunman. Librescu was killed after being shot five times.

Virginia Tech President Charles W. Steger and U.S. President George W. Bush attended vigils to honor the victims at the institution.

The number of people that died was more than any other mass shooting in modern U.S. history up until the 2017 Las Vegas shooting. Before then, the deadliest campus shooting in United States history was in 1966 at the University of Texas, where Charles Whitman climbed to the 28th-floor observation deck of a clock tower and opened fire, killing 16 people before he was gunned down by police. In the Columbine High attack in 1999, two teenagers killed 12 fellow students and a teacher before killing themselves.

## References
Shakira

**Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll**, or more simply known as **Shakira** (born 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia), is a Colombian singer and songwriter. Her famous songs include ''Hips Don't Lie* (2006) and *Whenever, Wherever'' (2001).

Noted to be a "global phenom" whose impact has "reached every corner of the world", Shakira has been described as an "artistic link between the west and the east" for popularizing Middle Eastern sounds in the West, and western sounds in the East (mainly the Middle East). Due to her heritage as a Colombian of Lebanese descent, she is perceived as particularly influential for Latino and Middle-Eastern musicians, and has been noted for introducing musical genres, instruments, and techniques from across Latin America, the Middle East, and other regions to a wider audience. Shakira is also credited with popularising music in the Spanish language on a global level.

## Career
In 1991, Shakira's first album *Magia* was released. Her second album *Pies Descalzos* was released in 1993. Her first hit in Colombia was her third record, “¿Dónde Estás Corazón?" from 1995. In 2001, she released her first English album *Laundry Service*. The album's first single "Whenever, Wherever" was the best selling single of 2001. In 2005, she released her second English album *Oral Fixation, Vol.2*. In 2009, *She Wolf* was released. The first single "She Wolf" reached number four in the UK Singles Chart. On 14 January 2014, Shakira released a single with Rihanna, "Can't Remember to Forget You".

## Personal life
Shakira's first language is Spanish. She also speaks Portuguese and English. In addition she can speak some Italian, French, Catalan, Arabic, and Japanese. Accordingly, she records songs in both English and Spanish, as well as having covered Francis Cabrel's song ''Je l'aime à mourir'' in French and Fairuz's *Aatini Al Nay* in Arabic as an homage to her home country of Lebanon. 

She has two sons, Milan (born 2013) and Sasha (born 2015) with her former boyfriend, Gerard Piqué. In July 2018, Shakira came back to Lebanon with her family. She visited her grandmother's village of Tannourine where she was granted a square in her name. A statue of the pop-star is set to be built soon in the mentioned village. She also visited her father's hometown, Zahle.

## Discography
* *Magia* (1991)
* *Peligro* (1993)
* *Pies Descalzos* (1995)
* *Dónde Están los Ladrones?* (1998)
* *Laundry Service* (2001)
* *Fijación Oral, Vol. 1* (2005)
* *Oral Fixation, Vol. 2* (2005)
* *She Wolf* (2009)
* *Sale el Sol* (2010)
* *Shakira* (2014)
* *El Dorado* (2017)
* *Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran* (2024)

## Tours
* Pies Descalzos International Tour (1996–1997)
* Tour Anfibio (2000)
* Tour of the Mongoose (2002–2003)
* Oral Fixation Tour (2006–2007)
* The Sun Comes Out World Tour (2010–2011)
* El Dorado World Tour (2018)
* Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran World Tour (2025)

## Filmography
### Television
### Film
## Notes
## References
## Other websites 
* aCharts Data
* 2007 New Entries
* refused-to-perform in FIFA 2022
* Current Single Placing
* Barefoot Foundation  official site
* Fundación Pies Descalzos  official site
Joe Louis

**Joe Louis** (born **Joseph Louis Barrow**, May 13, 1914 - April 12, 1981) was an American boxer. He was the world heavyweight champion from 1937 to 1949. Louis won the title from James Braddock. He made a record twenty-five title defenses before giving up the title in 1949. 

## Career 
Perhaps his most famous fight was his one-round knockout of Max Schmeling, the German former heavyweight champion, in 1938. Schmeling had given Louis his only loss up to that point, and was widely seen at that time as a representative of Nazi Germany. The buildup to the fight was wrapped up in the politics of the United States versus Nazi Germany.

When World War II began, Louis signed up for the U.S. Army. While in the army, he boxed 100 exhibition bouts.

## Death 
Louis died of a heart attack in Paradise, Nevada on April 12, 1981. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

## Legacy 
He has an arena named after him, the Joe Louis Arena where the Detroit Red Wings play.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Brown Bomber, a hero to many
Passport

passport]]

A **passport** is a travel  that a person owns. It is a citizen of the country on the passport. A passport asks that the person carrying it be allowed to enter and pass through other countries. They also allow a person to re-enter their country. Passports are given by national governments.

Passports usually have a person's picture, signature, date of birth, nationality and country of birth. Many countries are now issuing passports with biometric properties. This helps confirm that the person carrying a passport is the real owner. These countries have passports that use biometrics: Malaysia, Australia, Turkey, Greece, Israel, New Zealand, Japan, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Ireland, Poland, Italy, Slovenia, Singapore, Thailand, India and the Republic of Korea. 

Many countries are switching over to biometric passports because it can easily confirm the authenticity of the holder's identity. Passports are used so a stamp can be placed in it to prove that the identity of the holder has been confirmed with the immigration officials in the country of travel.

In 1920, the International Conference on Passports, Customs Formalities and Through Tickets made a law that said passports must be issued in French and at least one other language. Now, many countries issue passports in English and the language(s) of the issuing country.

Passport rankings show which passports make travel easiest. In the 2025 list of 193 countries, Australia comes first for travel freedom: it scores 88.8 points and lets its holders visit 188 places without a full visa. Ireland is next with 88.6 points, and Canada follows at 88.1. At the other end, Afghanistan’s passport opens the door to only 27 countries. The ranking also looks at other goals: Monaco is best for quality of life, while Canada ranks first for offering a safe “plan B.”

## References
Princess Taiping

**Princess Taiping** was a princess of Tang dynasty China. She was the daughter of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu Zetian. She became an important figure during her mother's rule as Empress in the second Zhou dynasty 690-705 AD.

Princess Taiping supported saving the Tang dynasty and the Li family. After the death of Empress Wu Zetian in 705, Princess Taiping joined with her nephew Li Longji (later Emperor Xuanzong) to get power for the Tang dynasty again. In 710, she and Li Longji stopped Empress Wei's plan to gain power.

## Relationship with Li Longji
Princess Taiping was also known for her beauty. In the Chinese history (mishi/秘史), it has been said that, after losing two marriages, Princess Taiping loved Li Longji. Mishi said that Emperor Xuanzong told of his love for his aunt in his autobiography. Li Longji confessed that he had fallen in love with Princess Taiping at first sight. He thought of her as a goddess-like figure. However, the truth is still unknown.

After Emperor Xuanzong became ruler in 712 AD, Princess Taiping's old age and power was seen as a threat to the young emperor, and she was given a death sentence to kill herself in 713 AD.
1966 FIFA World Cup

The **1966 FIFA World Cup** was the eighth FIFA World Cup. It was held in England from 11 to 30 July. England was chosen as hosts by FIFA to celebrate 100 years of football in England. England won the final beating West Germany 4-2. This was England's first (and so far only) World Cup win. England also became the first host to win since Italy won it in 1934. Later Germany, Argentina and France won it at their homes. With Bobby Endrick to help win the World Cup

## Participants 
The following 16 teams qualified for the final tournament.

**AFC (1)**
* 
**CAF (0)**
* *None participated*
**OFC (0)**
* *None qualified*

**CONCACAF (1)**
* 
**CONMEBOL (4)**
* 
* 
* 
* 

**UEFA (10)**
* 
* &nbsp;(hosts)
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Group stage
### Group 1
### Group 2
### Group 3
### Group 4
## Knockout stage
### Bracket
### Quarter-finals
----

----

----

### Semi-finals
----

### Third place play-off
### Final
## References 
* FIFA 
* Details at RSSSF
Space suit

in a space suit]]
A **spacesuit** is the specialised covering of protective clothing worn by astronauts when they travel into outer space occasional cases such as extravehicular activity (EVA) or into the upper atmosphere. Spacesuits are completely sealed, so that an astronaut can survive in the harsh, cold, and airless environment of space. Spacesuits have their own heating and cooling systems and a radio communication system. Spacesuits also provide a supply of fresh air for the astronauts to breathe and create a normal atmospheric pressure. Spacesuits cover the entire body, and they have gloves for the hands and a helmet for the head, including a clear visor for the face. Astronauts wear spacesuits when they fly in the space shuttle, rockets, or space stations. For Extravehicular activity they wear a heavier, more complex kind of spacesuit. 

## Parts of Space suit 
A generalised, typical space suit is made of several pieces which has various properties.
Set (deity)

In Egyptian mythology, *Set*' (also spelled Sutekh, Setesh, Seteh, Seth) was a god of the desert (including desert storms), thunder, cunning, wit, trickery, evil, pain and suffering. 

The word 'Seth' was first said as 'Set'. Because of changes in the Egyptian language over the 3,000 years that Seth was worshiped, the 't' in Set was pronounced so similarly from 'th' that the Greeks wrote it as Seth during the Ptolemaic period. Set was originally responsible for protecting Ra during his journey in the afterlife, personally slaying the great serpent Apep. Late period Set killed his brother Osiris, who had succeeded Ra as pharaoh, out of jealousy. Horus (Osiris and Isis' son) eventually defeated Set and claimed the throne. 

Set had three siblings: his brother Osiris and his sisters Isis and Nephthys (who was also his wife). He also had a nephew called Horus. Nephthys married Set and Isis married Osiris. Set and Nephthys had a son named Anubis. His father and mother were Geb and Nut respectively.

His color is red which represented evil in Egypt. He also possessed people when he wanted to. Set's consort was Nephthys. Set also had foreign wives Anat and Astarte. Set was unified with the key of trouble and death towards Ancient Egypt which made him deadly.

## Appearance 
Set is often shown as a mysterious and unknown creature called the Set Animal. The Set Animal had a curved snout, square ears, dog-like body, forked tail, red eyes and red hair. Set could control this animal and would use it to destroy his enemies.
Juliusz Słowacki

**Juliusz Slowacki** (September 4, 1809 - April 3, 1849) was a Polish poet. He was born on August 23, 1809, according to the Old Calendar. September 4 is often given as his birthday but the calculation between days was wrong by one day. Slowacki is thought of as being as good a poet as most of the famous Polish writers. These include Mickiewicz, Norwid, Reymont (author of *Chlopi*), Wybicki, Krasinski and Sienkiewicz. He is buried in Wawel Cathedral in Krakow. This is the same crypt as Mickiewicz. He is considred third most important Polish poet.

## Works 
His work included romantic poems, plays and sonnets included "Balladyna", "My Testament", "King Ghost", "Fantazy", "Kordian", "Beniowski", "Agamemnon’s Tomb", "Silver Dream of Salomea", "Hymn", "Lilia Weneda" and "Anhelli". 

## Burial 
Slowacki was first buried on April 5 1849 in Paris's famous Montmartre cemetery. Because he was not popular at the time, only about 30 people went to his funeral. In 1927, General Joseph Pilsudski ordered his body be dug up. It was taken back to Poland and honorably reburied on June 28 1927 in Krakow in the famous Wawel crypt for Polish nobles. He was buried with full military honors as a Polish hero. Pilsudski said: "Time to forget Slowacki is over, as long as there is Polish language, Slowacki will live on forever!"

## Other websites 
Prominent Poles
Mistreat

**Mistreat** is a hard rock/Oi!/Rock Against Communism band from Kouvola, Finland. The band was formed in 1988.

## Current line-up 
* Muke (quitar, vocals)
* Pete (bass)
* Miika (quitar)
* Jaako (drums)

## Albums 
*Mistreat-EP (1990)
*Faith And Fury (1995)
*The Flame From The North (1997)
*Waffenbruder (1997)
*Battle Cry (2000)
*Ultimate Mistreat (2001)
*Beer Bottles & Hockey Sticks (with Bound for Glory, 2001)
*Best Of... (2002)
*Unfinished Business (2003)
*Never Forgive - Never Forget (2005)
*Greatest Hits (2014)
*Heartless Bastards (2018)
*The Rough - The Rare & The Rock-O-Rama Recordings (2019)
*Talk The Talk, Walk The Walk (2022)
*No Need To Apologize (2024)
Larry Holmes

**Larry Holmes** (born on November 3, 1949) was an American boxer. He held the World Heavyweight Championship from 1978 to 1985. Holmes fought out of Easton, Pennsylvania. He was nicknamed the "Easton Assassin."

Holmes won the vacant World Boxing Council championship from Ken Norton in 1979. He defended that title, and later the International Boxing Federation title, twenty times. Some notable fighters he beat in defense of his championship were Muhammad Ali, Leon Spinks, Gerry Cooney, and Tim Witherspoon. He lost his championship to Michael Spinks in 1985.

Holmes later fought Mike Tyson and then Evander Holyfield to try and win back the championship. Tyson knocked him out in the fourth round and Holyfield beat him by a twelve-round decision.

Holmes continued to fight until 2002.

## Other websites
* Boxing Record
Red dwarf

]]

A **red dwarf** is a kind of star. Red dwarf stars are smaller than  the size of the Sun. They are also  than most stars. Red dwarfs burn their fuel slowly, so they shine with less light (absolute magnitude) than hot stars.

Red dwarf stars are the most common in our galaxy, at least near our sun. (We cannot see them if they are in other distant galaxies.) However, since red dwarf stars are cool and small, none can be found with the naked eye. The closest star to the Earth is named Proxima Centauri. The Latin word *proxima* means "nearest to". Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf. 

## Life and death 
Red dwarfs can live trillions of years, much longer than brighter stars. A red dwarf dies when it burns all of its fuel. To start with, the fuel is the chemical element hydrogen. At present, no red dwarf star is known which has gone beyond this stage, because the universe is only 14 billion years old..

Red dwarfs are small stars that are around 0.2 solar mass (the sun is equal to 1 solar mass). This is small for a star but is still 60,000 times the mass of the Earth. They are formed in nebulas, as all stars are, and originally they were protostars. They start their nuclear fusion about 100,000 years after being formed. This gives them their red glow. These stars burn at less than 4,000°K.

**Ultracool Dwarfs**

Ultracool dwarfs are the smallest type of red dwarf. Below is a list of the smallest red dwarfs. One example of an ultracool dwarf is TRAPPIST-1.

Even smaller stars are called brown dwarfs. 

## References
Canon law

**Canon law** is the term used for the internal Ecclesiastical law of many churches, such as the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Communion of churches.

## Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church has the oldest continuously functioning legal system in the Western World. It is older than the common and European civil law traditions.  What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles themselves at the Council of Jerusalem in the First Century led to a highly complex and original legal system that included norms of the New Testament, of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions with thousands of years of human experience.

## Further reading
*  Baker, J.H. (2002) *An Introduction to English Legal History*, 4th ed. London : Butterworths, 
*  The Episcopal Church (2006) *Constitution and Canons , together with the Rules of Order for the Government of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, otherwise known as The Episcopal Church*, New York : Church Publishing, Inc.
*  Robinson, O.F.,Fergus, T.D. and Gordon, W.M. (2000) *European Legal History*, 3rd ed., London : Butterworths, 

## Other websites
### Anglican
* "Canons of the Church of England"
* "Canon Law in the Anglican Communion" 

### Catholic
* Code of Canon Law (1983) : non-official but approved IntraText edition with concordance in English (only the Latin version is official), hosted by the Vatican
* gender discrimination attorney
* Code of Canons of Oriental Churches, IntraText Digital Library
* Code of Canon Law, IntraText Digital Library, organized in a Table of Contents outline format for easy search: Does not contain 1998 code updates
* Catholic Encyclopedia: Canon Law : outdated, but useful
* 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica Article 
* Canon Law Wiki: Notes, commentary, discussion and bibliography.

## References
Hodgkin lymphoma

**Hodgkin lymphoma**, also known as '''Hodgkin's disease''', is a type of lymphoma. It was first discovered by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832. It is one of many kinds of cancers of the lymphatic system. Most of the time, the cancer grows in a lymph node before it spreads to the rest of the body. 

The symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma change as the disease progresses. At the first stage of the disease, the person may feel a lump on the affected lymph node that does not hurt when touched. The person may have fevers, sweat at night, and itchy skin. In the later stages of the disease, the person may feel very tired and their spleen may grow larger.
Voting system

The **voting system** is a set of rules about the way people vote and how the votes are counted. Different countries have different voting systems. There are many different types of voting system. One of the first voting systems to be used is called "first-past-the-post". Under this system each voter writes an "x" next to their chosen candidate. At the end, the votes are counted. The candidate with the most votes wins. Some people think that first-past-the-post is unfair because they believe that many votes are wasted.

## List of voting Systems 
### Majoritarian 
* Approval voting
* First-past-the-post voting (also known as Plurality voting)
* Instant Runoff Voting
* Schulze method
* Supplementary vote

### Semi-Proportional 
* Single non-transferable vote

### Proportional 
* Additional member system
* Mixed-member Proportional
* Single Transferable Vote

## Related pages
*Election
Galina Vishnevskaya

**Galina Vishnevskaya** (born Leningrad, October 25, 1926 - December 11, 2012) was a Russian opera singer and recitalist.
## Birth
Vishnevskaya was born in Leningrad, the town which is now called St Petersburg.  In 1952, she won an important  competition singing a song by Rachmaninoff and an aria by Verdi.  She soon became a member of the famous Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow. 
## Career
In 1960 she sang the part of Aïda in *Aïda* at the National Theatre in Sarajevo.  In 1961, she made her first appearance at the Metropolitan Opera as Aïda and the next year she sang in the Royal Opera House in the same role. In 1964, she sang Aïda at La Scala.

Vishnevskaya was married to the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich from 1955 until his death in 2007. Her husband, as well as being a great cellist and conductor, was also an excellent pianist and he accompanied her for her recitals.  They were very close friends of Shostakovich and Benjamin Britten and performed a lot of their works.  She made many recordings including the main part in Shostakovich's opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District and in Britten's *War Requiem*.  She had not been allowed to take part in the first performance of the *War Requiem* because the Soviet politicians would not let her sing together with the baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau because he was German. 
## Retirement
In 1974, they left the Soviet Union because they had criticized the Soviet government.  They settled in the United States and Paris. In 1982, she retired from singing in opera.  Her last role was in Paris where she sang Tatyana in Tchaikovsky's *Eugene Onegin*.

After the collapse of communism and the Soviet Union she and her husband were allowed to return from exile and live in Russia again.  In 2002, she opened her own opera theater in Moscow:  The Galina Vishnevskaya Opera Center.

## Other websites 
* The Vishnevskaya-Rostropovich Foundation homepage
Single transferable vote

**Single transferable vote** (STV for short) is a type of voting system that gives proportional representation. It is used to elect more than one person (though it becomes Instant Runoff Voting in one-winner elections), and voters rank the candidates when voting.

## How to vote in an STV election
Write a number "1" next to your favourite candidate, a number "2" next to your second favourite, a number "3" next to your third favourite 
and so on

### Example
## How votes are counted
Each candidate needs a certain number of votes to be elected. This number depends on how many people are voting and on how many people are to be elected. 

Then the number "1" votes for each candidate are counted. But it can happen that one candidate or several candidates have more than the needed number of votes. These candidates are elected. But since they have more votes than they needed, they pass on the votes which they do not need to other candidates. Which candidate or candidates get those "surplus" votes depends on the voters' number of "2" votes given on the ballots papers of the candidates that have already been elected. If those number "2" votes make another candidate win and give them too many votes, this new "surplus" is passed on again, using number "3" votes, and so on. 

If not enough candidates have been elected so far, the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded. Votes for this candidate are passed on to the candidate given as the next preference of each of his voters (the next higher number in each listing of candidates). This may help to elect another candidate. If not, the next candidate which now has the fewest votes is excluded. 

Passing on the "surplus" votes and excluding the weakest candidates goes on until the needed number of candidates has been elected.

## Example 
## Places that use STV 
*Cambridge, Massachusetts
*Ireland
*Malta
*New Zealand
*Australia
*Northern Ireland
*Scotland
*India

## Other websites
*STV Action  a website that says STV should be used for all elections
*VoteScotland.com a website about elections in Scotland
Bound for Glory

**Bound for Glory** is a Neo-Nazi thrash metal/Rock Against Communism band from Minnesota, USA. The band was formed in 1989. They are one of the best known and oldest bands of their genre in the United States.

In October 2016, Bound for Glory planned to play a concert in Falkirk, Scotland. A public outcry by the Scottish people, including anti-racist groups like Hope Not Hate, caused the event to be cancelled.

## Discography 
### Albums 
* 1990: *Warriors Glory* 
* 1992: *When the Hammer Falls*
* 1993: *Over the Top* 
* 1994: *Bound for Attack* (with Brutal Attack)
* 1994: *The Fight Goes On* 
* 1996: *Behold the Iron Cross* 
* 1996: *Never Again!*
* 1997: *Glory Awaits*
* 1999: *Hate Train Rolling* 
* 1999: *Last Act of Defiance*
* 2002: *Beer Bottles and Hockey Sticks* (split album with Mistreat)
* 2011: *Feed the Machine*
* 2014: *Death And Defiance*
* 2017: *Ironborn*

### Singles & EPs 
* 1990: *100%*
* 1990: *Payback*
* 1991: *Assassination*
* 2002: *Russian Winter*
* 2014: *Stuka Pilot*

### Live-Alben 
* 1998: *Requiem*
* 2004: *Rolling Through Europe*
* 2004: *Us against the world (Live in Deutschland)*
* 2005: *Live and Loud* 

## References
## Other websites 
*Official Website 
*Discography On Thiazi
Bengali

**Bengali** might mean:

*Anything related to Bengal, a region in south Asia
*Bengali language
*Bengali people
New Super Mario Bros.

***New Super Mario Bros.*** is a 2006 platformer video game made and sold by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console. It is the first *Mario* platform game in 2D on a handheld console since *Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins* in 1992. It was first sold in stores in North America on May 15, 2006, and was later sold in stores in Japan on May 25, 2006, in Australia on June 8, 2006, and in Europe on June 30, 2006. It is the first game in the *New Super Mario Bros.* series. An indirect successor, *New Super Mario Bros. Wii* for the Wii, was released in November and December 2009.

## Story
Mario and Princess Peach are out for a walk when Bowser Jr. kidnaps Peach. Mario must go through eight worlds to save her from Bowser, and the new antagonist Bowser Jr.

**List of Worlds**
# Grass Land
# Desert Land
# Beach Land
# Forest Land (Secret World)
# Snow Land
# Mountain Land
# Sky Land (Secret World)
# Lava Land

## Gameplay
The game uses many old features from the older *Mario* games. The countdown game clock is back; if Mario does not reach the castle at the end, he will lose a life. Mario also must jump and catch onto a flagpole at the end of the level and go into a castle, just like he did in *Super Mario Bros.* Before and after a level, Mario is on a world map, which was last used in *Super Mario World*.

Mario also has new powers from the 3D games (*Super Mario 64* and *Sunshine*). He can do a ground-pound and a triple jump in the air. Both of these things first started in the 3D games.

## References
Gary Graham

**Gary Rand Graham** (June 6, 1950 – January 22, 2024) was an American actor, musician, and author. He was known for his roles as Detective Matthew Sikes in the television series *Alien Nation* (1989–1990) and as Soval, the Vulcan ambassador to Earth in *Star Trek: Enterprise*.

Graham died from cardiac arrest in Spokane, Washington on January 22, 2024 at the age of 73.

## References
Joey Maxim

**Joey Maxim** (born **Giuseppe Antonio Berardinelli** March 28, 1922 - June 2, 2001) was an American boxer. He was the light heavyweight boxing champion of the world from 1951 to 1952. Archie Moore beat him by decision over 15 rounds for the light heavyweight championship in 1952. During Maxim's time as champion, he beat Sugar Ray Robinson in a title defense. He also tried to win the heavyweight championship during this time, but Ezzard Charles beat him by a unanimous decision.

In 1954, Maxim gave future world heavyweight champion Floyd Patterson his first pro defeat by unanimous decision in eight rounds.

## Other websites 
*Wilder vs Parker
Israeli West Bank barrier

, surrounded by the barrier on three sides]]

The **Israel West Bank barrier** is a wall built by the State of Israel to separate Palestinian territories from Israel. It is built mostly of fences and in some places it is built of high concrete walls. It is 708 kilometers (439 miles) long.

## Construction
The barrier was built in the Second Intifada that began in September 2000. It is when the Israeli government argued that it necessary to stop the violence and suicide bombing attacks coming from the West Bank.

## Arguments
There are many arguments about the barrier. People who want the barrier say it is needed to protect Israeli civilians from Palestinian terrorism. Since the barrier was built, the number of attacks has gone down, especially in areas where the barrier has been fully completed. Israel says that it is necessary for the country's security.

People who are against the barrier say that it is against international law because Israel and the Palestinians have not agreed where the border between them should be and have not reached a consensus. While the Palestinian Authority is in charge for water sources, the economic system, etc. in the West Bank, Palestinians who travel to Israel for medical, educational or work purposes have said that the barrier has negative effects on daily life and gives them less freedom (due to checkpoints). 

## Other websites
*Q&A: What is the West Bank barrier? on the *BBC* website
*The Security Barrier on the *ADL* website
Takfir wal-Hijra

**Takfir wal-Hijra** ( - *Excommunication and Exodus*) is a Islamist militant group. The group that was founded in Egypt in the 1960s. Today Takfir wal-Hijra has members or supporters in several other countries, allied to Al-Qaeda. In Spain the group is also known as *Martyrs for Morocco*. The group started as a offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood in the 1960s. 

Members of the group are Islamists. It looks like the members of the group are not bound by the usual Islamic religious constraints. They adopt non-Islamic appearances. They might  shave their beard or wear a tie. They do this to be hard to detect in crowds. Sometimes, even other Muslims have problems detecting them. They can drink alcohol and even eat pork to deceive their enemies. They believe that any means justify the end and, that killing other Muslims can be justified in their cause and that Western society is heathen and it is their duty to destroy it.

Little is known about the current organization or hierarchy of the group. Several groups which adhere to the same ideology have possibly used the name independently of each other.

## References
Armed Islamic Group

The **Armed Islamic Group** (GIA, from French *Groupe Islamique Armé*; Arabic الجماعة الإسلامية المسلّحة,  ''al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyah al-Musallaha'') was an Islamist terrorist organization based in Algeria. It wanted to overthrow the Algerian government and replace it with an Islamic state. The GIA adopted violent tactics in 1992 after the military government did not recognise the victory of the Islamic Salvation Front in the first round of elections held in December 1991. The Islamic Salvation Front was the largest Islamic opposition party at the time.

Between 1992 and 1998 the GIA led a violent campaign. They killed many civilians. Sometimes they wiped out entire villages in its area of operation (see List of Algerian massacres of the 1990s; notably the Bentalha massacre and Rais massacre, among others). After announcing its campaign against foreigners living in Algeria in 1993, the GIA killed more than 100 expatriate men and women in the country. The group used assassinations and bombings, including car bombs. It is known to have favored kidnapping victims and slitting their throats. The GIA was considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Algeria, France and the United States. Outside of Algeria, the GIA established a presence in France, Belgium, the UK, Italy and the United States.
Neo-Nazism

, in 2005. The German Empire flag of Imperial Germany was used due to the ban of the Nazi Party Flag since 1945.]]
. The banner reads: *Martyrs never die!*]]
s.]]
**Neo-Nazism** means the ideology of some political groups who want to return to the beliefs and practices of Nazism after the end of World War II. Different groups have their own sets of beliefs and practices. Neo-Nazis believe in loyalty to Adolf Hitler, hating Jews (anti-Semitism), racism, belief in a Germanic (Aryan)  master race, xenophobia (hating and fearing people from different countries), extremist nationalism, supremacy, militarism, and hatred of homosexuals (homophobia).  

Neo-Nazis often use the symbols of Nazi Germany such as the swastika. Neo-Nazism has been linked to far-right political parties in England such as the National Front and the British Nationalist Party as well as being linked to the skinhead sub-culture.
Irmo, South Carolina

**Irmo** is a town 12 miles outside of Columbia, South Carolina. There were 11,569 people living in Irmo as of the year 2020.

## Geography
Irmo is found at  (34.092629, -81.186073).

The United States Census Bureau says the town has an area of 17.8 km² (6.9 mi²). There is no water in that area.

## Festivals 
Irmo is home to the annual Okra Strut .

## Origin 
Irmo was chartered on Christmas Eve in 1890 because of the opening of the Columbia, Newberry, and Laurens Railroad. The strange name of Irmo was the result of putting together the names of Captain C.J. **Ir**edell and Henry **Mo**seley, two important figures in the founding of the town. The town of Irmo does not have an actual downtown area. It is only several clusters of suburban neighborhoods.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Town of Irmo
Hans Richter

**Hans Richter** (born as **Raab** (now Györ) 4 April 1843; died Bayreuth 5 December 1916) was an Austro-Hungarian conductor.  His name was originally **János Richter**.

Richter came from a musical family and studied violin, horn and music theory at the Vienna Conservatory.  He became famous for his conducting of the music of Richard Wagner, Anton Bruckner, Johannes Brahms  and Béla Bartók.

Richter helped Wagner to prepare the printed musical scores of *Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg* and the four operas in the cycle *Der Ring des Nibelungen*.  He conducted a lot in Vienna and at the Bayreuth Opera House which Wagner had built for the performance of his own operas.

Later he became very popular in England and lived in Manchester. He was conductor of the Hallé Orchestra and director of the Birmingham Music Festival. He conducted German operas at Covent Garden and in 1909 he conducted Wagner’s Ring cycle which was being performed in English for the first time.

When he retired he lived in Bayreuth until his death.

Richter helped the English audiences to get to know the music of Wagner, Dvořák and Elgar.  Elgar dedicated his *First Symphony* to Hans Richter, describing him as a “true artist and true friend”.
Mediterranean climate

A ** Mediterranean climate** is a climate that has dry and mild to hot summers and  mild to cool winters with moderate or high rainfall. It occurs in much of the land near the Mediterranean Sea. Outside the Mediterranean, the climate can be found only in rather small areas: in many places that have latitudes between roughly 30° to 45° north and south of the equator.

In the Köppen climate classification, it is split between hot-summer Mediterranean (*Csa*), warm-summer Mediterranean (*Csb*) and cool-summer Mediterranean (*Csc*). Examples of *Csa* are Rome, Lisbon and Adelaide. Examples of *Csb* are Porto, Cape Town and San Francisco. *Csc* occurs only at very high altitudes and very high latitudes.

## Location 
, with the dense scrub vegetation and biodiversity of Mediterranean climate zones. There are 62 plant species that are unique to the 3,299 km² (1,274 mi²) park, and a further 48 are rarely found elsewhere.]]

Besides the Mediterranean Basin, regions that have a Mediterranean climate include the coastal areas of the Western United States to Los Angeles, the Western Cape in South Africa, central Chile, southern Western Australia and the coastal areas of South Australia.

## Other websites 
* Explanation of Mediterranean Climate
Thylacine

The **thylacine** (***Thylacinus cynocephalus***) is an extinct species of mammal. It was a carnivorous marsupial animal. The Thylacine was also known as **Tasmanian tiger**, **Tasmanian wolf** and **Tasmanian hyena**. The last known Thylacine died in a Hobart zoo on 7 September 1936. They once lived across Australia and New Guinea. There are paintings of the animals in the north of Western Australia, and in the Northern Territory. At Riversleigh in north Queensland, scientists have discovered the fossil bones of thylacines that are at least 30 million years old.

## Extinction
Thylacines were common across Australia. Fossil remains have been found in Queensland, paintings have been found in Western Australia, and a mummified body was found in cave on the Nullabor Plain in South Australia. The body was dated as being 4,650 years old.  The French explorer, Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, found a thylacine jaw bone in 1792.

## Appearance 
The Thylacine was about 1.8 metres (71 inches) long and its tail was up to 53 cms (21 inches) long. It would have been about 58 centimetres (23 inches) tall and could be up to 30 kilograms (66 pounds) in weight. It was gray and brown in colour with 16 black or brown stripes on its back. It had the same shape as a dog, but the back, rump and tail were more like a kangaroo. Its tail was quite stiff. It had very short legs. It had teeth like a dog, but with more incisor teeth. The thylacine was able to open its mouth about 120 degrees. 

The thylacine was a nocturnal (night) hunting animal. They ate wallabies, rats, birds, echidnas, rabbits and sheep.

The thylacines were marsupials, which means the female carried the babies in a pouch. The pouch opened to the rear.

## Other websites
* The Thylacine Museum

## References
Rock Against Communism

**Rock Against Communism (RAC)** is a type of rock music. It started as a series of Neo-Nazi concerts in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and 1980s. The first RAC concert was in Leeds, England in 1978.

## RAC bands 
*Skrewdriver
*Bound For Glory
*Skullhead
*Landser
*Mistreat
*Blue Eyed Devils
*Violent Storm

## Related pages
*Blood and Honour
*British National Front

## Other websites 
*Blood and Honour
Marvelous Marvin Hagler

**Marvelous Marvin Hagler** (born **Marvin Nathaniel Hagler**; May 23, 1954 – March 13, 2021) was an American professional boxer and film actor who competed in boxing from 1973 to 1987. He reigned as undisputed middleweight champion from 1980 to 1987. He was the world middleweight champion from 1980 to 1987. Hagler fought out of Brockton, Massachusetts. He won the championship from Alan Minter, in London, and successfully defended it eleven times before losing in a controversial fight with Sugar Ray Leonard. Hagler retired after that fight to live and work in Italy.

On March 13, 2021, Hagler's wife Kay announced that Hagler had died unexpectedly at his home in Bartlett, New Hampshire, at the age of 66. A wave of reports came out on Twitter, with thousands of people mourning the loss of Hagler.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Marvin Hagler's amateur boxing record
*
Zoo Tycoon

***Zoo Tycoon*** is a simulation computer game. It was developed by Blue Fang Games and released by Microsoft Game Studios. It is a game in which the player must run a business, in this case a zoo, and try to earn money. *Zoo Tycoon* was followed by *Zoo Tycoon 2* in 2004.
Zoo Tycoon 2

***Zoo Tycoon 2*** is a 2004 simulation computer game. In the game, the player must create and run a zoo. This is done by managing its finances, employees and animal exhibits. The goal is to become a "zoo tycoon".

The game is a sequel the 2001 game *Zoo Tycoon*. Six expansion packs have been created for the game. The latest is *Zoo Tycoon 2: Extinct Animals*.
Clandestine chemistry

seized by law enforcement in the United States. The tablet contained no MDMA; instead, it contained a mixture of BZP, methamphetamine, and caffeine.]]
**Clandestine chemistry** is chemistry that occurs in a lab that is used for making illegal drugs, usually using unsafe equipment. The use of this unsafe laboratory equipment will sometimes result in explosions, fires or heavy flows of noxious fumes. Meth labs are the main form of clandestine laboratories and are used for making methamphetamine (Crystal Meth), a kind of illegal drug. "Clandestine" means "".
Ebermannstadt

**Ebermannstadt** is a German town in the district of Forchheim, Bavaria, Germany. The population of the town is about 7,000. The next largest cities are: Forchheim, Bayreuth, Bamberg, Kulmbach and Erlangen. The city parts of Ebermannstadt are:
* Breitenbach
* Ebermannstadt
* Gasseldorf
* Niedermirsberg
* Rüssenbach
* Neuses-Poxstall
* Wohlmuthshüll
* Buckenreuth
* Moggast
* Wolkenstein
* Thosmühle
* Burggaillenreuth
* Windischgaillenreuth
* Eschlipp

## References
## Other websites
Franks (disambiguation)

The **Franks** are medieval Germanic tribes.

**Franks** may also refer to: 
* Crusaders, or more broadly any persons originating in Catholic western Europe (medieval Middle Eastern history). See *Farangi*, *firang*, *farang* and *barang* for derived words.
* Frankfurter sausages, the filling for hot dogs 
* USS Franks (DD-554), a United States Navy warship
* Franc, a unit of currency (*Frank* in Dutch, German, and English)

**Franks** is a **surname**:
*Augustus Wollaston Franks
*Bob Franks
*Bobby Franks
*Bubba Franks
*Carl Franks
*Cecil Franks
*Charles Franks
*David Franks
*Dick Franks
*Fred Franks
*Herman Franks
*Lynne Franks
*Michael Franks
*Oliver Shewell Franks
*Paul Franks
*Randall Franks
*Stephen Franks
*Tanya Franks
*Trent Franks
*Tillman Franks
*Tommy Franks
*Wilbur R. Franks
*William Sadler Franks

**Franks** may also be an alternative spelling or mistranslation of:
* Franconia, a region in Bavaria, Germany 
* Franken, a commune of the Haut-Rhin *département*, in France
* Al Franken (born 1951) United States satirist

## Related pages
*Frank
San Marcos, Texas

**San Marcos** is a city in central Texas. Texas State University-San Marcos is there. It is in the Interstate 35 corridor, between Austin and San Antonio.

In 2013 and 2014, the United States Census Bureau named it the fastest-growing city in the United States. In December 2013, it was named #9 on *Business Insider*'s list of the "10 Most Exciting Small Cities In America."

## References
Zebra mussel

The **zebra mussel** is a small shellfish. It is a bivalve mollusc, a type called a mussel.

Color patterns vary, with only dark or colored shells or no stripes. They are typically found attached to objects, surfaces, or each other by threads underneath the shells. Although similar in appearance to the quagga mussel, the two species can be easily distinguished. When placed on a surface zebra mussels are stable on their flattened underside while quagga mussels, lacking a flat underside, will fall over. 

These musssels spread rapidly by sticking to boats. They spread by this passive method to many places where they have no natural predators. That explains their huge growth in numbers.

Zebra mussels are a problem in Northern America's Great Lakes region because they reproduce fast. They colonize water supply pipes of hydroelectric and nuclear power plants, public water supply plants, and industrial facilities. As a result, they clog water sources.  They colonize pipes constricting flow, therefore reducing the intake in heat exchangers, condensers, fire fighting equipment, and air conditioning and cooling systems. It is estimated that zebra mussels will continue to populate the Great Lakes and even enter the Mississippi River region.