open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Carl Frederick Tandberg

**Carl Frederick Tandberg** (March 22, 1910 – August 26, 1988), was a bass fiddle musician who recorded with Glen Campbell and Frankie Ortega.

## Biography
He was born in 1910 in Boston where his father, Thorvald Martin Tandberg I (1874-1970), managed a restaurant. Thorvald was born in Portland, Maine. Carl's mother was Alvilde Marie Naess (1875-1933) of Oslo, Norway. Carl married Alice Nazian Gonyer (1909-1992) of Orono, Maine in 1929 and they lived in Queens, New York. He worked with Shep Fields (1910-1981) and His Rippling Rhythm Orchestra; and The Jerry Blaine (1910-1973) Orchestra in 1937. While working at a music publishing company he met Glen Campbell and collaborated on several recordings. He later became the maître d' at their restaurant.  After he retired from music he worked for a private security company at KTTV studios. He later worked as the gate security guard at the home of Bob Hope. He died in Los Angeles in 1988 of a heart attack, and was buried in Eternal Valley Memorial Park. His maternal uncle was Alfred Næss, the Norwegian speedskater.

## Discography
*Glen Campbell; The Legacy, 1961-2002 (rereleased 2003) 
*Frankie Ortega and His Group; Imperial IR 9025 (c1950) 

## References
Haltern am See

**Haltern am See** (*Haltern at the lake*, before December 2001 only **Haltern**) is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is next to the Lippe River and the Wesel-Datteln Canal, approx. 15 km north of Recklinghausen.  

## Twin towns 
*  Rochford, Essex, England
*  Roost-Warendin, France
*  Sankt Veit an der Glan, Austria

## References 
## Other websites 
* Livius.org: Roman fortress Haltern
The Key (novel)

***The Key*** is a fantasy book that was written by Marianne Curley.  It is the third book in the Guardians of Time Trilogy.

## Other websites
*Marianne Curley's website 
*Bloomsbury Guardians of Time website
Jefferson Parish, Louisiana

**Jefferson Parish** is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Most of the suburbs of New Orleans are in this parish. Because of this Jefferson parish has the second-most population in the state.

## Other websites 
*Official website
*Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office
*Jefferson Parish Convention and Visitors Bureau - Tourism 
*Jefferson Parish Clerk of Court's Office
*Jefferson Historical Society of Louisiana
*East Jefferson Online Community  - current events, history and organizational information.
Personification

's fable, *The North Wind and the Sun*, a *personified* North Wind tries to strip the cloak off of a traveler.]]
]]
**Personification** is a figure of speech where non-living objects are described to seem like people.

**For Example**: "*O Rose, thou art sick!*" by William Blake

**Meaning**: Blake personifies the rose as being sick, illustrating the theme of decay and corruption.

In the arts, personification means representing a non-human thing as if it were human. Personification gives human traits and qualities, such as emotions, , sensations, gestures and speech, often by way of a metaphor.

Personification is much used in visual arts. Examples in writing are "the leaves waved in the wind", "the ocean heaved a sigh" or "the Sun smiled at us". In easy language personification is just giving an example of a living being for a non-living thing. "The wind shouted". In these examples, the nonhuman subjects are given human characteristics.

Another commonly used personification is found in stories where animals and legendary creatures are attributed labels for recognition. This is called anthropomorphism.

## Related pages
* Anthropomorphism
*Concordia
*Chronos
*Death (personification)
*Gaia (mythology)
*Hel (goddess)
*Helios
*National personification
*Spes

## References
Genius Squad

***Genius Squad*** is a book that was written by Catherine Jinks in 2008.  It was published by Allen & Unwin, Australia. It is the second book in a series that follows the main character Cadel Piggot.

## References
Evil Genius (book)

***Evil Genius*** is a book written by Catherine Jinks in 2005.  It was published by Allen & Unwin, Australia. The book is the first in a series that follows the story of *Cadel Piggot*.

## Other websites
*The Axis Institute website
*Evil Genius series blog
Catherine Jinks

**Catherine Jinks** (born 1963 in Brisbane, Queensland) is an Australian writer. She has written over thirty books and has won many awards, including the Children's Book Council Of Australia Book of the Year Award three times, the Victorian Premier's Literary Award, the Aurealis Award for Science Fiction, the Australian Ibby Award, and the Davitt Award for Crime Fiction.

## Books written
### Children's books
**The Secret of Hermitage Isle* (1997)
**The Horrible Holiday* (1998)
**The Stinking Great Lie* (1999)
*''You'll Wake the Baby,* illustrated by Andrew McLean (2000)
**Daryl's Dinner* (2002)
**Kaite and Cleo Movie In,'' illustrated by Andrew McLean (2007)

;Allie's Ghost Hunters series
**Eglantine* (2002)
**Eustace* (2003)
**Eloise* (2004)
**Elysium* (2007)

### Young Adult books
**This Way Out* (1991)
**The Future Trap* (1993)
**Witch Bank* (1995)
**Eye to Eye* (1998)
**Piggy in the Middle* (1998)
*''What's Hector McKerrow Doing These Days?* (2000)
**The Rapture* (2001)
**Living Hell* (2007)

;Pagan Chronicles
**Pagan's Crusade* (1992)
**Pagan in Exile* (1994)
**Pagan's Vows* (1995)
**Pagan's Scribe* (1995)
**Pagan's Daughter* (2006)

;Evil Genius series
**Evil Genius* (2005)
**Genius Squad* (2008)

### Adult books
**An Evening with the Messiah* (1996)
**Little White Secrets* (1997)
**The Inquisitor* (1999)
**The Notary* (2000)
**Bella Vista* (2001)
**The Gentlemen's Garden* (2002)
**Spinning Around* (2004)
**The Road* (2004)
**The Secret Familiar* (2006)
**The Deck''  Free E-novel (2007)

## References
## Other websites
*Catherine Jinks
Guardians of Time Trilogy

The '''*Guardians of Time* Trilogy'* is a series of fictional books that are written by Marianne Curley. The books in this trilogy are *The Named*, *The Dark*, and *The Key*. The trilogy is about a group of people called the Guardians of Time (the **Guard**), going into history to save the world from the Order of Chaos (the **Order**), who are trying to history to give themselves more power. The books take place in Angel Falls, Australia

## The Series 
# *The Named*
#* Written in:
#* Released: 2002
#* 
# *The Dark*
#* Written in:
#* Released: 2003
#* 
# *The Key''
#* Written in:
#* Released: 2005
#* 

## Other websites 
* Marianne Curley's website
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The **University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill** (**UNC**) is a university in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.  It was  in 1789. UNC is one of three schools that claim to be the oldest public university in the United States. To be more exact, UNC is the first school in the U.S. to hold classes and graduate students as a public institution; it began teaching students in 1795 and graduated its first students in 1798. (The University of Georgia was founded in 1785, but did not start teaching classes until 1801; The College of William & Mary was founded in 1693 and taught students at that time, but did not become a public school until 1906.)

## References 
## Other websites
Michigan State University

**Michigan State University** (or "MSU" for short) is a public university in East Lansing, Michigan.

## Athletics 
The Michigan State Spartans are the athletic team of the university. The school's athletic program includes 23 varsity sports teams. The school colors are green and white. They play in NCAA Division I, with almost all of their teams playing in the Big Ten Conference.  In 2010, the MSU football team won a share of the Big 10 title, and played in the Capital One Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The men's ice hockey team plays in the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, but will leave that conference in July 2013 when the Big Ten starts a men's hockey league.

## School Facts 
Established in 1855, MSU was originally an agricultural college.  Students were known as "Aggies," but are now known as the "Spartans."  Currently, Michigan State University has the largest single campus student body of any university in the state of Michigan, and is one of the largest universities in the country.

## Mascot 
The mascot of the university is called "Sparty". He is mostly shown as a muscular male Spartan warrior/athlete dressed in a stylish Greek costume.

Image:Sparty.jpg|"Sparty"

## References 
## Other websites 
*Michigan State University website
*Michigan State Spartans website
Public speaking

speaking in 1949.]]
**Public speaking** is speaking to a group of people in an organized way: to give information, influence or persuade, or to entertain the . 

In public speaking there are five important questions, which are often expressed as "*who* is saying *what* to *whom*, using *which medium*, with what *effects*?" 

The Ancient Greeks called public speaking rhetoric; the Romans called it oratory. Until the late 20th century it was also called *forensic speaking*, or *forensics*.  Propaganda is an another name for speech for or against some point of view.  In George Orwell's words propaganda is a reflection of prejudices and beliefs that colors people's [or societies] aesthetic judgements. Often they are simply fallacies or conjectures.

## Methods and techniques 
Professional public speakers may use storytelling techniques or humor as a communication tool. A public speaker who is strong at using comedy might have more success adding a joke into a speech than one who is weak in that area. 

 speaking at DFID]]
 making his State of the Union Address by radio (11 January 1944) from the White House]]
A speaker's guideline is given in *TED Talks: The Official TED Guide to Public Speaking*.
Their information includes:
* Try to make eye contact right from the start.
* Include humor to disarm the tension within the audience towards the subject. But no offensive jokes or corny puns.
* Drinking water avoids mouth getting dry from adrenalin and avoiding an empty stomach reduces anxiety.
* Keep a backup plan (notes or scripts) to use if the presentation technology goes wrong.
* It is better to avoid attempts to get applause. It is not about the speaker, but the idea the speaker is passionate about. 

Other guidelines exist.

## Models
Models in public speaking.

The 6 I model of credibility for public speaking are:

### AIDA Model 
The AIDA model is about designing the message and delivering it effectively to the target audience. It says the speaker should first get attention, hold the interest level of the audience, arouse desire for the solution or the objective (appeal, theme, etc.) desired to communicate, and finally obtain  action or actionable commitment from the audience.

## Related pages 
*Rhetoric

## References
## Further reading
* 
*Werlich, Egon 1976. *A text grammar of Eglish*. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer.
Athletic

**Athletic** could mean:
* Athletic (Kretschmer) — A physical/psychological type classification of Ernst Kretschmer.
* Athlete
** Physical exercise
** Physical fitness

* Athletic of Philadelphia - baseball team of the 1870s
* Oakland Athletics - American baseball club

* Charlton Athletic F.C. - English football club
* Oldham Athletic F.C. - English football club
* Wigan Athletic F.C. - English football club
* Alloa Athletic F.C. - Scottish football club
* Dunfermline Athletic F.C. - Scottish football club
* Forfar Athletic F.C. - Scottish football club
* Athletic Bilbao - Spanish football club 
* Atlético Madrid - Spanish football club

## Related pages
*Athletics (disambiguation)
Big Ten Conference

The **Big Ten Conference** is the United States' oldest Division I college athletic conference. Most of its 18 member institutions are in the Midwestern United States. The conference footprint expanded to the country's Pacific coast in 2024.

## Members
## Newest members 
The Big Ten added four members after the 2023–24 school year, all from the Pac-12 Conference.

### Associate members
The Big Ten gained its first "associate member"—i.e., a school playing only a small number of sports (in this case, one) in the conference—in 2014. The same school brought a second sport into the Big Ten in 2016. A second school became an associate member in 2017.

## References
Ender's Game

'''''Ender's Game''''' (1985) is one of the most famous books written by Orson Scott Card. It takes place in Earth's future where mankind has barely survived two attacks by the "buggers", a species of alien, and the International Fleet is getting ready for war. In order to find and train a leader for the next invasion, the world's smartest children, including Ender Wiggin, are taken into a place called Battle School at a very young age. The book takes place around the year 2135, and its sequels *Speaker for the Dead*, *Xenocide*, *Children of the Mind*, *A War of Gifts*, and *Ender in Exile: Ganges* follow Ender to different planets as he travels far into the future.

The book was first a novelette that came out in the August 1977 issue of *Analog Science Fiction and Fact*. Card later made the novel longer and wrote sequels to create the ''Ender's Game* series.

A new version was released in 1991 to keep facts accurate (such as the end of the Soviet Union).

## Awards
*Ender's Game* won the Hugo Award for best novel in 1986 and the Nebula Award for best novel in 1985.  The next year, the sequel *Speaker for the Dead'' also won both awards; Card is the only writer to have won both awards two years in a row.

In 2008, it got the Margaret Edwards award for its long term effect on science fiction.

## Translations
*  ("Ender's Game"), 2003.
*  ("Ender's Game"), 2007.
*  ("Ender's Game").
*  ("Ender's Strategy"), 1990.
*  ("Ender's Tactic").
*  ("Ender's Game"), 2000.
*  ("Ender"), 1990.
*  ("The Ender Strategy"), 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001.
*  ("The Big Game"), 1986, 2005.
*  ("Ender's Game").
*  ("Endgame"), 1991.
*  ("Ender's Game").
*  ("Ender's Game"), 1992, 2000 (two editions).
*  ("Ender's Game"), 1987.
*  ("Ender's Game"), 1999.
*  ("Ender's Game"), 1994.
*  ("The exterminator's game") (Brasil).
*  ("The final game") (Portugal).
*  ("Ender's Game").
*  ("Ender's Game"), 1995, 1996, 2002, 2003 (two editions).
*  ("Ender's Game").
*  ("Ender's Game"), 1991, 1998.
*  ("Ender's Game"), 1988.
*  ("The game that change the world"), 2007.
*  ("Ender's Game").

## References
## Other websites
* About the novel ''Ender's Game'' from Card's website 
* The original short story from Card's website
* Intergalactic Medicine Show: Online science fiction magazine published by Orson Scott Card. Features a new Ender's world story in every issue.
* Marvel Entertainment's press release regarding the Ender's Game Comic Book Series
Orson Scott Card

**Orson Scott Card** (born August 24, 1951) is a popular American writer, critic, political writer, and speaker. He is best known for his science fiction books. Both his novel ''Ender's Game* and its sequel, *Speaker for the Dead'', won the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award. That makes Card the only writer (as of 2007) to win both of science fiction's top prizes two years in a row. is his younger brother.  Card was born in Richland, Washington. He grew up in Santa Clara, California, Mesa, Arizona, and Orem, Utah. He went on a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Brazil. Card graduated from Brigham Young University (BYU) and the University of Utah. He also spent a year in a Ph.D program at the University of Notre Dame. 

For part of the 1970s Card worked as an associate editor of the *Ensign*, which is an official magazine of the LDS Church.

Card lives in Greensboro, North Carolina.

In 1983, Card published the novel *Saints*. It is a fiction book about one of Card’s ancestors, who joined the LDS Church in its early days. Card writes about his ancestor's life until Utah became a state.

In 2000, Card published the first book in *The Women of Genesis* series. The books tell the story of the women in the Bible.  They are 'Sarah* (2000), *Rebekah* (2002), and *Rachel and Leah* (2004).

In 2005, Card started a magazine, *Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show''. He edited the first two issues, but he was too busy to keep up with it. Edmund R. Schubert was one of Card's former students. Schubert took over the magazine and became the editor in 2006.
Card also wrote the dialog and the screenplay for the Xbox video game ''Advent Rising'’.

In 2008, Card's short book ''Hamlet's Father* was published in *The Ghost Quartet'' collection (Tor Books). It is a retelling of Shakespeare's *Hamlet*.

## Awards
* 1978; John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer; from the World Science Fiction Convention
* 1981; *Songmaster*; Hamilton-Brackett Memorial Award 81
* 1984; *Saints*; named Book of the Year by Association for Mormon Letters
* 1985; ''Ender's Game*; Nebula Award 85, Hugo Award 86, Hamilton-Brackett Award 86, SF Chronicle Readers Poll Award 86
* 1987; *Speaker for the Dead*; Nebula Award 86, Hugo Award 87, Locus Award 87, SF Chronicle Readers Poll Award 87
* 1987; "Eye for Eye"; Hugo award 88; "Japanese Hugo" 89
* 1987; "Hatrack River"; Nebula finalist 86, Hugo finalist 87, World Fantasy Award winner 87
* 1988; *Seventh Son*, Hugo finalist 88, World Fantasy finalist 88, Mythopoeic Society Award 88, Locus Award (best fantasy novel) 88
* 1989; Hugo & Nebula Finalist; *Red Prophet*
* 1991; Hugo Award; *How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy'' (Writer's Digest Books, 90)
* 1995; Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel; for *Alvin Journeyman*
* 2008; YALSA Margaret A. Edwards Award for Lifetime Contribution to Young Adult Literature; for ''Ender's Game* and *Ender's Shadow''

## References
Flores

**Flores** is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc. Its area is about . It goes east from the island of Java. There are about 1.5 million people in Flores. The largest town is Maumere.

Flores is east of Sumbawa and Komodo. It is west of Lembata and the Alor Archipelago. To the southeast is Timor. To the south is the Sumba strait. The Flores Sea is to the north.

On December 12 1992, an earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale occurred. It killed 2,000 people in the town of Maumere.

## References
Sumbawa

**Sumbawa** is an Indonesian island in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain. It has Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba farther to the southeast. It is in the province of West Nusa Tenggara. 
 
Sumbawa is 15,448&nbsp;km² (three times the size of Lombok). About 1.5 million people live there. It marks the boundary between the islands to the west, which were influenced by religion and culture spreading from India, and the region to the east that was not so influenced.

## Volcanoes 
Sumbawa is inside the Pacific Ring of Fire. It is a volcanic island, including Mount Tambora (8°14’41”S, 117°59’35”E) which exploded in 1815, the most destructive volcanic eruption in modern history (roughly four times larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, between Java and Sumatra, in terms of volume of magma ejected). The eruption killed as many as 92,000. It also apparently destroyed a small culture of Southeast Asian affinity, known to archaeologists as the Tamboran kingdom. It launched 100 cubic kilometers of ash into the upper atmosphere, which caused 1816 to be the "year without a summer." http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/02/0227_060227_lost_kingdom.html
Clothing in ancient Rome

wearing a toga.Found on the Isle of Capri, now in the Louvre Museum.]]
**Clothing in Ancient Rome** is most commonly known by the toga and stola. 
The cloth was made from wool, linen or hemp. Cotton and silk were also used, more rarely. Leather was also used. The kind of clothing showed status.

## Types 
* The **toga** was an important item and was worn by only Roman citizens, and after the second century BC, only by men. After that, the only females to wear togas were prostitutes.  The colors of togas had meaning.  A toga could be edged with purple (high rank), or be all dark for mourning.  Only emperors could wear entirely purple togas. In other words, clothing reflected status as well as practical needs.  A red lined Toga often showed shame and disgrace, often worn when banished or before an execution.

* The **palla** was a mantle or headcloth worn by women with the stola. It draped over the shoulders and round the body.

* The Stola was a floor-length dress with long sleeves. It was worn over a tunic. The Stola was a symbol of marriage in ancient Rome times. Girls wore a simple tunic, except when going to an evening event, when ankle-length tunics were worn.

* Slaves wore simple woolen **tunics**. Tunics of cotton could by worn by any class as under-garments.

* The **paludamentum** was a cloak or cape fastened at one shoulder, worn by military commanders. The paludamentum was generally crimson, scarlet, or purple in colour.

## Other websites
Sulawesi

**Sulawesi** (formerly known as **Celebes**) is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia, and is between Borneo and the Maluku Islands.

## Geography 
Sulawesi is the world's eleventh-largest island, covering an area of 174,600&nbsp;km2. The island is surrounded by Borneo to the west, by the Philippines to the north, by Maluku to the east, and by Flores and Timor to the south. It has a distinctive shape, dominated by four large peninsulas: the Semenanjung Minahassa; the East Peninsula; the South Peninsula; and the South-east Peninsula. The central part of the island is ruggedly mountainous, such that the island's peninsulas have traditionally been remote from each other, with better connections by sea than by road.

### Major cities 
These are the ten largest cities in Sulawesi  by population in 2010.

## References
Tibia (video game)

***Tibia*** is a MMORPG video game released in 1997. Three German science students, Stephan Börzsönyi, Guido Lübke, Ulrich Schlott and Stephan Vogler, thought of the idea for the game. It was both developed and published by the German company CipSoft. It is free to play.

## References
Tibia

]]
The **tibia**, also known as the **shinbone**, or **shankbone**, is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates. It connects the knee with the ankle bones and is parallel to the fibula. Additionally it is the second largest bone in the body as its supports a significantly large portion of the human bodyweight. The tibia is essential to everyday movement such as standing and walking as well as jumping and running.The tibia or shinbone is usually of same size in both boys and girls prior to puberty. And in the adolescent ages tibia is longer in boys and men than in the girls and women.
Royal Library of Turin

The **Royal Library of Turin** is an important museum in Turin, Italy. It was started by King Charles Albert of Sardinia in 1839.  
Now it has 187,987 print volumes, 4,403 hand-written volumes (manuscripts), 3,000 drawings, 188 books made before 1501 (incunabula), 5,029 books from the 16th century, 20,987 pamphlets, and many engravings and maps. These works come mainly from collections from Savoy.
The most important antique is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci. This self-portrait is in an underground vault that is resistant to fires, earthquakes, and even airplane crashes.
Le Cheylard

**Le Cheylard** is a commune of the Ardèche *département* in the southern part of France.

## Other websites
*Official Web site
Orthodox

**Orthodox** is a word about beliefs. It is made from two Ancient Greek words, ὀρθός *orthós* „correct, straight“ and δόξα *dóxa* „teaching, worship".   Orthodoxy means a teaching that is supposed to be close to the original. 

In particular:

in Christianity:

* Eastern Orthodox Church (The split of the Christian Church into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox happened in 1054, in what is known as the Great Schism)
* Oriental Orthodox Church (Split from the rest in the 5th century, at the Council of Chalcedon)
* Theologically traditional often in all lower case-- *orthodox*

in Judaism:
* Orthodox Judaism
* Modern Orthodox Judaism

Jewish organisations:
* Orthodox Union
Saturn's Gallic group of satellites

The **Gallic group** is a dynamical grouping of the prograde irregular satellites of Saturn following similar orbits. Their semi-major axes range between 16 and 19 Gm, their inclinations between 35° and 40°, and their eccentricities around 0.53.

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) reserves names taken from Gallic mythology for these moons.

Similar mean orbital elements led the discoverers to postulate a common origin for the group in a break up of a larger body.

The diagram illustrates the Gallic group in relation to other irregular satellites of Saturn. The eccentricity of the orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre) with the inclination represented on Y axis.

The four members of the group are (in order of increasing distance from Saturn):
*Albiorix
*Bebhionn
*Erriapo
*Tarvos

The group was later found to be physically homogenous, all satellites displaying *light-red* colour (colour indices B − V = 0.91 and V − R = 0.48)
and similar infrared indices   

Remarkably, recent observations revealed that the largest member of the group, Albiorix, displays actually two different colours: one compatible with Eriapo and Tarvos, and another less red. Instead of the common progenitor, it was postulated that Tarvos and Erriapus could be fragments of Albiorix, leaving a large, less red crater.
Such an impact would require a body with the diameter in excess of 1 km and relative velocity close to 5 km/s, resulting in a large crater with the radius of 12 km. Numerous, very large craters observed on Phoebe, prove the existence of such collisions in the Saturnian system's past.

## Other websites
*David Jewitt pages
*Scott Sheppard pages

## References
*Ephemeris from IAU
*Mean orbital parameters from JPL
Tetris DX

***Tetris DX*** is a video game released in 1998 for the Game Boy Color console. It is a remake of the Game Boy game *Tetris*. The game can save high scores, has two new modes, new music themes, and three profiles for three separate players. In "Ultra Mode", players must collect as many points as possible in three minutes. In "40 Lines", players  must clear 40 lines as quickly as possible.
Marianne Curley

**Marianne Curley**, (born 20 May 1959) is an Australian writer of young-adult novels. She is the author of several fantasy books, including *Old Magic* and the three novels in the *Guardians of Time* series. She is most popular outside of Australia, and her books have been translated into several languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, German and Dutch.

## Early life
Marianne was born in Windsor, in New South Wales. She is the youngest child of Joseph Michael and Mary Violet Mizzi. She spent her early childhood living in a house along the Hawkesbury River. When a flood destroyed the property, the family moved to a small farm on the edges of Sydney. Marianne developed a love for reading at an early age, and became a school librarian at the age of nine. She went to high school in western Sydney. The first novel that had an influence on her was *Oliver Twist*.

When she was nineteen, Marianne met John Curley and married him a few months later. The couple moved to Coffs Harbour and had three children. In 1991, Curley took courses at the local TAFE college and got a certificate in word processing. In the same year, she also got a certificate in teaching from Sydney Open College. Between 1991 and 1997, she worked several part-time jobs as a teacher.

Curley's first attempt at writing was a romance novel. After this was finished, she took several writing courses, but struggled to decide what she wanted to write about. She began writing young-adult novels after a conversation with her two teenaged daughters. They encouraged Curley to write something for their age group. According to Curley, it took many attempts before my writing was good enough to be published. She was rejected by publishers many times. While learning to write she taught computer studies at the TAFE college in Coffs Harbour.

## Writing
Curley's first fantasy novel, *Old Magic*, was sold to the London-based Bloomsbury publishers in 2001. It is about a boy with supernatural powers and a girl who helps him to control them. The first book in her *Guardians of Time Trilogy* was published in 2002. It was called *The Named*, about a group of teenagers who travel through time to stop the Order of Chaos from changing the course of history. The book received positive reviews from several critics. Curley signed a 12-month contract with Warner Bros. with the idea of making a television series based on the books. They hired a producer, director and paid for a script of the first episode to be written. However, the WB eventually cancelled the deal. The second and third books, *The Dark* and *The Key*, were published in 2003 and 2004. Both received mixed reviews.

Between 2004 and 2012, Curley took a long break from writing due to bad health. She published *Hidden* in 2013, and began a new series called the *Avena Trilogy*.

## Books written
**Old Magic*
**Guardians of Time Trilogy*
***The Named*
***The Dark*
***The Key*
**Hidden*

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Marianne Curley at *AustLit*
* Profile  at Bloomsbury Publishing
* Marianne Curley at the National Library of Australia
Will Rogers

**William Penn Adair “Will” Rogers** (November 4, 1879 – August 15, 1935) was a Cherokee-American cowboy, comedian, humorist, social commentator, vaudeville performer and actor.

Known as Oklahoma's favorite son, Rogers was born to a well off Indian Territory family and learned to ride horses and use a lariat so well that he was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for throwing three ropes at once—one around the neck of a horse, another around the horse's rider, and a third around all four legs of the horse. During his life he traveled around the world three times, made 71 movies (50 silent films and 21 "talkies"), wrote more than 4,000 nationally syndicated newspaper columns, making him a world-famous figure. Also,Will Rogers Family has a County named after them in Oklahoma. It currently has 8 cities within its borders.The cities within the borders of the Roger's County are named Catoosa, Chelsea, Claremore, Foyil, Inola, Oologah, Talala, Verdigris. The county was officially founded prior to statehood on January 26, 1907 and was originally named Cooweescoowee. However, residents protested the name and the county was renamed Rogers after Clement (Clem) Vann Rogers, a mixed heritage Cherokee rancher and father of Will Rogers. Rogers County consists of a total area of 711 square miles - 675 square miles is land, and 36 square miles is water.

By the mid-1930s, Rogers was loved by the American people, and was the highest-paid movie star in Hollywood at the time. During an around-the-world trip with pilot Wiley Post, Rogers died when their small airplane crashed near Barrow, Alaska Territory in 1935.

## Citations
Speaker for the Dead

***Speaker for the Dead*** (1986) is a science fiction book by Orson Scott Card.  It is a sequel to the novel ''Ender's Game*, and takes place around the year 5135, some 3,000 years after the events in *Ender's Game*. Because of space travel, the main character Ender is only about 35 years old.

Like *Ender's Game*, the book won the Hugo Award (1987) and Nebula Award (1986) for outstanding science fiction novel, making Card the first writer to win both of these awards two times in a row. *Speaker for the Dead* was updated in 1991. It was followed by *Xenocide* and *Children of the Mind*.

## Other websites
* About the book *Speaker for the Dead'' from Card's website
Xenocide

***Xenocide*** (1991) is a science fiction book that is third in the ''Ender's Game* series.  It was written by Orson Scott Card and was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1992.  It was followed by *Children of the Mind*.

## Other websites
* About the novel *Xenocide'' from Card's website
Children of the Mind

***Children of the Mind*** (1996) is the fourth, and currently the last, book of Orson Scott Card's popular ''Ender's Game* series, a series of science fiction novels that focus on the character Ender Wiggin. Although Card has written some additional novels that take place with in the Ender Saga, they take place in the middle of the storyline and therefore are not sequals to *Children of The Mind*.

## Other websites
* About the book *Children of the Mind'' from Card's website
Ender's Shadow

'''''Ender's Shadow'''* (1999) is a science fiction book that was written by Orson Scott Card.  It is a parallel novel, which means it has a story that has some of the events in *Ender's Game* from the point of view of another character named Bean. This book was first titled *Urchin*, but it was changed before release.  *Ender's Shadow* is the first of a series that includes *Shadow of the Hegemon*, *Shadow Puppets*, and *Shadow of the Giant*.

## Other websites
* About the novel *Ender's Shadow'' from Card's website
Alkene

does not react with water bromide On the right: Cyclohexene does.]]

In organic chemistry, an **alkene**, **olefin**, or **olefine** is an unsaturated chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.  The simplest alkenes, with only one double bond, no rings, and no other functional groups, are hydrocarbons with the general formula **CnH2n**.

The double bond in the middle makes them more reactive because the molecule is not saturated. An alkene's unsaturation means that it will take the color out of bromine. The names of alkenes always end with -ene.

Aromatic compounds are often drawn as cyclic alkenes, but their structure and properties are different and they are not considered to be alkenes.

## Physical structure
Alkenes are weakly polar just like alkanes but are slightly more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of double bonds. The π electrons which make up the double bonds can easily be removed or added as they are weakly held. Hence the *dipole moments* exhibited by alkenes are more than alkanes. 

The physical properties of alkenes are comparable with those of alkanes. The main differences between the two are that the acidity levels of alkenes are much higher than the ones in alkanes. The physical state depends on molecular mass (gases from ethene to butene - liquids from pentene onwards). The simplest alkenes, ethene, propene and butene are gases. Linear alkenes of approximately five to nineteen carbons are liquids, and higher alkenes are waxy solids.

## List of alkenes 
The following is a list of the first 15 alkenes:

# Ethene (C2H4)
# Propene (C3H6)
# Butene (C4H8)
# Pentene (C5H10)
# Hexene (C6H12)
# Heptene (C7H14)
# Octene (C8H16)
# Nonene (C9H18)
# Decene (C10H20)
# Undecene (C11H22)
# Dodecene (C12H24)
# Tridecene (C13H26)
# Tetradecene (C14H28)
# Pentadecene (C15H30)
# Hexadecene (C16H32)

## Fuel 
Alkenes are not used as fuels because:
* They are scarce in nature. They are made from other hydrocarbons to make plastics, anti–freeze and many other useful compounds.
* They burn with a smoky flame due to less efficient, and more polluting incomplete combustion, so the heat energy release is lower than for alkanes.

## References
Shadow Puppets

***Shadow Puppets*** (2002), by Orson Scott Card, is the sequel to *Shadow of the Hegemon* and the third book in the ''Ender's Shadow* series (often called the *Bean Quartet*). It was first going to be called *Shadow of Death''.

## References
Libération

***Libération*** (also called ***Libé***) is a French daily newspaper founded in Paris in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre.

## Other websites
* www.liberation.fr
Shadow of the Hegemon

***Shadow of the Hegemon*** (2001) is the second book in the ''Ender's Shadow* series (also called the *Bean Quartet'') by Orson Scott Card.  It is also the sixth book in the Ender's Game series. It is told mostly from the point of view of Bean, a mostly minor character in the first novel ''Ender's Game*.

## Other webs
* About the novel *Shadow of the Hegemon'' from Card's website
Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins

is a 1992 video game for the Game Boy Nintendo device and the sequel to *Super Mario Land*.

In 1994, *Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3* was released. It is the sequel to *Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins*, and would be the start of the *Wario Land* series.

## Plot
During the events of *Super Mario Land*, Mario had went away to rescue Princess Daisy. While he was away, Wario took over Mario's castle.  He takes the six golden coins from the castle and scatters them around to all the various worlds. When Mario comes back, he must travel to each world, get the coins back to open the door, and then face off against Wario.

## Gameplay
This game features a save function and an easy mode. The game is a platforming game, with Mario running around six worlds (areas of the game) The game's power-ups are the Super Mushroom, Fire Flower, which lets Mario throw fire balls, the Super Star, and a new item called the Carrot, which turns Mario into a rabbit that can fly. 

## Reception
## References
Justice

**Justice** is a concept on ethics and law that means that people behave in a way that is fair,  and balanced for everyone.

## In law
Governments, and especially the police and courts, see that the laws are  in most societies.  Because they can  a person for not obeying the law, most people agree that laws should be fair and the same for everyone.  But governments sometimes  make laws that many people believe are not .  If many people believe this, people may lose respect for the law and may even disobey it.  However, in democratic societies, the law itself has ways to change or get rid of these unjust laws.

## Related pages
* Ethics
* International Court of Justice
* International Criminal Court
* Morality
* Napoleonic Code
* Rationality
* Social justice

## References
## Other websites
Bernard Haitink

**Bernard Haitink**  (4 March 1929 &ndash; 21 October 2021) was a Dutch conductor and violinist. He won two Grammy Awards in 2004 and 2009.

## Early life
Haitink studied music at the conservatoire in Amsterdam, the town where he was born. He started his career playing the violin in orchestras. Then he learned to conduct.

## Career
He became second conductor of the Netherlands Radio Union Orchestra in 1955. He then became chief conductor of the Netherlands Radio Philharmonic in 1957. On 7 November 1956 the famous conductor Carlo Maria Giulini was not able to conduct a concert of the Concertgebouw Orchestra so the young Bernard Haitink conducted instead. This helped him to become famous. Three years later he became a conductor of the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra and he stayed with them for a quarter of a century. In 1963 he became the main conductor of that orchestra, and in 1999 they gave him the title of honorary conductor.

Haitink has also had jobs outside the Netherlands. He was principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra from 1967 to 1979, music director at Glyndebourne Opera from 1978 to 1988 and at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden from 1987 to 2002. He also held posts with the Dresden Staatskapelle and Boston Symphony Orchestra, and conducted many other great orchestras of the world.

In 1977, he was given an honorary knighthood in the Order of the British Empire.

Haitink had conducted music by many composers from different periods. He has recorded many great works for Phillips, Decca and EMI. In 2004 his recording of Janáček’s opera *Jenufa* was given the Grammy Award for the best opera recording.

## Personal life
Haitink had five children from his first marriage. He lived in Switzerland with his fourth wife, who used to be a viola player in the orchestra of the Royal Opera House.

Haitink died on 21 October 2021 in London at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
* List of recordings from Dutch Divas website
* 
* 
* 
* Askonas Holt agency page on Bernard Haitink

;Interviews
* Bernard Haitink interview, 13 January 1997
Shadow of the Giant

***Shadow of the Giant*** (2005) is the fourth book in Orson Scott Card's ''Ender's Shadow* series (sometimes called the *Bean Quartet*).

## Other websites
* About the novel *Shadow of the Giant'' from Card's website
Metropolitan Tabernacle

The **Metropolitan Tabernacle** is a large Reformed Baptist church in the Elephant and Castle in London. It was Charles Spurgeon's church for many years.
## History
The tabernacle fellowship dates to 1650 when the English Crown banned Christian denominations other than Puritanism. Membership grew when freedom of religion came to England in 1688. The present London Tabernacle church building dates to 1898, albeit with extensive repairs of damage caused by the Blitzkrieg raids on London.
## Other websites 
*Metropolitan Tabernacle official site
Eye for Eye

***Eye for Eye*** (1987) is a science fiction novella (or short book) by Orson Scott Card.  It first began in the March 1987 issue of ''Asimov's Science Fiction* magazine.  In 1990 it appeared in Card’s short story collection *Maps in a Mirror* and also as a Tor double novel, with *The Tunesmith* by Lloyd Biggle, Jr.. It won the Hugo Award for Best Novella in 1988.

## Other websites
* Publication information for *Eye for Eye'' available from Card’s website
The Icemark Chronicles

***The Icemark Chronicles*** is a series of books consisting of *The Cry of the Icemark*, followed by *Blade of Fire*, and *Last Battle of the Icemark*.  The books were written by Stuart Hill from Leicester. Fox 2000 Pictures have bought the right to create a movie based on the books.  The first is planned for 2008.

## Books
**The Cry of the Icemark*
**Blade of Fire*
**Last Battle of the Icemark*
Boy (disambiguation)

A **boy** is a young male, usually human, or may refer to a man regardless of age.

**Boy**, **Boys**, **The Boy**, or **The Boys** may also mean:

## Music
### Songs
* "Boy (I Need You)", by Mariah Carey
* "Boy" (Erasure song)
* "Boys" (Britney Spears song)
* "Boys" (The Shirelles song), notably covered by The Beatles
* "Boys" (Robots in Disguise song)
* "Boys (Summertime Love)", by Sabrina
* "Boyz" (song), by M.I.A.
* "Boy", by Book of Love
* "B.O.Y.", by Jessica Simpson from *A Public Affair*
* "Boys", by Bauhaus, the B-side of the single "Bela Lugosi's Dead"
* "Boys", by Band Ohne Namen
* "Boys", by Ashlee Simpson from *Bittersweet World*
* "The Boys" (song), a song by The Shadows, a number-one single in Australia in 1963

### Albums
* *Boy* (album), by U2
* *Boy* (compilation album), by Lena Philipsson

### Performers
* Boy (1980s band), a 1980s American rock group
* BOY, a Canadian indie pop group
* Boy'z, a Hong Kong Cantopop duo now known as Sun Boy'z
* The Boys (band), an American band
* The Boys (UK band), a punk rock band
* The Boys (60s band), an English band, later became The Action

## Literature
* *Boy* (book), an autobiography by Roald Dahl
* *The Boys* (comic book), a comic book for mature readers by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson
* *Boyz* (magazine), a British weekly LGBT magazine
* *The Boy* (US title: *The Beautiful Boy*), a 2003 book by Germaine Greer
* *The Boys*, a 1996 book by Martin Gilbert

## People
* Werner Boy, German mathematician
* David Boys, Canadian Scrabble player
* Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński, Polish poet
* Roy Brindley, nicknamed "The Boy", English professional poker player 

## Places
* Boy River, Minnesota, US
* Boys Hill, a village in Dorset, England

## Film
* *Boy* (movie) (Japanese: *Shōnen*), a 1969 Japanese film
* *Boys* (movie), a 2003 Tamil film
* *Boys* (1996 movie), a movie starring Winona Ryder
* *The Boys* (movie), a 1998 Australian film
* *The Boys* (1991 movie), an American television movie starring John Lithgow
* *The Boys* (1962 movie), a British movie starring Richard Todd
* "Boy", the adopted son of Tarzan in the movies based on Edgar Rice Burroughs's character

## Television
* *The Boy* (TV series), a Canadian animated television series
* *The Boys* (TV series), a 1993 American sitcom featuring Christopher Meloni

## Theatre
* *The Boy* (musical), a 1917 London hit musical comedy

## Other uses
* Boy Seaman, a rating in the British Royal Navy
* Boys anti-tank rifle, a British anti-tank weapon
* The Boys (Wild West Gang), a gang who participated in the late-1870s Lincoln County War
* The Boys Markets, a chain of Los Angeles-area supermarkets, sold to Ralphs in 1995
* The Boy, Eustace Boyce, a character in the webcomic *Scary Go Round*

## Distinguish from
* buoy, a floating device or marker
* Boise, Idaho
* Theydon Bois

## Related pages
*List of all pages beginning with *Boy*
*List of all pages beginning with *The Boy*
*Boi
*Bois
*Boise
Nebula Award

The **Nebula Award** is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA), for the best science fiction/fantasy fiction written in the United States.

## Award categories 
The fiction Nebulas are awarded in the following categories:
* Novel
* Novella
* Novelette
* Short story
* Script

## Important/notable winners 
* Joe Haldeman (5)
* Greg Bear (3)
* Lois McMaster Bujold (3)
* Harlan Ellison (3)
* Ursula K. Le Guin (3)
* Roger Zelazny (3)
* Orson Scott Card (2)
* Arthur C. Clarke (2)
* Samuel R. Delany (2)
* Neil Gaiman (2)
* Vonda McIntyre (2)
* Frederik Pohl (2)
* Kim Stanley Robinson (2)
* Isaac Asimov
* William Gibson
* Larry Niven
* Theodore Sturgeon
* Connie Willis (6)

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Nebula Awards homepage
* List of past winners 
* List of the most-honored Nebula Award nominees
* Excerpts and synopses of Nebula winning and nominated novels
* 2006 Nebula Awards Ballot
College football

**College football** is American football played by teams of students from different American universities, colleges, and military academies. Play between colleges first made American football popular in the United States. College football is still popular today among students, alumni, and other fans of the sport. American football is a variation of rugby that was introduced by Walter Camp.

The very first match between two college teams using new "American" variation of rugby was played between the  College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) in 1869. First season of college football had only two matches played. The game became popular quickly in coming years.

## National championships 
*College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS – The NCAA has never had an official championship for schools in the top-level Football Bowl Subdivision, or "FBS". Instead, several groups declare their own champions.
*NCAA Division I Football Championship – The official championship for schools in the second-level Football Championship Subdivision, or "FCS".
*NCAA Division I FCS Consensus Mid-Major football national championship
*NCAA FCS Year-by-year playoff results 
*NCAA Division II national football championship
*NCAA Division III national football championship
*NAIA national football championship
*NJCAA National football championship

## Other websites 
*NCAA football official site
*Bowl Championship Series 
*College Football Hall of Fame
*FCS College Football Weekly Preview 
*Most Valuable College Football Programs, Forbes
*An account of the first intercollegiate game 

**Statistics**
*NCAA football stats
*Stassen College Football, comprehensive college football database
*College Football Data Warehouse 
**Collegio Football* , Electronic Almanac & Media Guide to NCAA College Football (1869 - Present)

**Rules**
*List of college football rule changes for 2006
*NCAA Football Rule Changes for 2007 (that are meant to shorten the game)
*NCAA Football: Major Rule Changes  (with rationales)
*NCAA Football: 2007 Rules and Interpretations