open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Temple Mount Faithful

The **Temple Mount and Israel Faithful Movement** (Hebrew: נאמני הר הבית וארץ ישראל), more commonly known simply as the ***Temple Mount Faithful*** (נאמני הר הבית), is a Jerusalemite Orthodox Jewish-led extremist movement,, whose goal is to rebuild the Third Jewish Temple on the Temple Mount, or on the modern-day City of David perhaps in Jerusalem, the State of Palestine and [re] institute Korban.

## History 
Former Israel Defense Forces (IDF) officer and Middle Eastern studies lecturer Gershon Sholomo founded the group. 

On 8 October 1990, seventeen Palestinian people were killed and over 100 others injured by Israeli Border Police in the 1990 Temple Mount riots triggered by an announcement by the Temple Mount Faithful that they were going to lay a cornerstone for a Third Temple or a synagogue. 

After the riots, the police prohibited Salomon from entering the Temple Mount. Israel's High Court of Justice denied his appeal.

The Temple Mount and Land of Israel Faithful was the one of the first significant groups to advocate the Jewish rights at the Temple Mount, and during the 1970s and 1980s, it remained the most visible group with that position. 

Although, the group used to present its argument largely in terms of nationalistic, rather than religious, symbolism the way the Temple Institute did. 

In a 1983 interview, Shlomoh stated that "whoever controls the Temple Mount has rights over the Land of Israel". 

Over time, Gershon Salomon developed a more religiously oriented apocalyptic and messianic platform, which, however, was distinctly secular and non-Orthodox Jewish in character. 

Tensions with the more Orthodox elements in the group caused a formal split in 1987, when more Torah-centred splinters splintered from the Temple Mount and Israel Faithful, forming what is called the *"Movement for the Establishment of the Temple"*. Subsequently, the influence of the Temple Mount Faithful among the radical Jewish activists gradually waned, although the group still retains significant visibility.

## Death of Gershon Solomon 
On November 23, 2022, Gershon Salomon, founder of  the Temple Mount Faithful, died. 

Although banned from the Temple Mount for many years, he was allowed to make one visit during the last year of his life.

## Related pages 
* Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount
* *The Temple Institute*
* Oslo Accords
* Israel Defense Forces
* Wye River Memorandum
* Palestinian National Security Forces
Spiro Debarski

**Spiro Debarski** (; 8 December 1933 – 31 January 2026) was a Bulgarian footballer. He played for Bulgaria at the 1960 Summer Olympics. 

Debarski died on 31 January 2026, at the age of 92.

## Honours
### Club
;Lokomotiv Sofia
* A Group: 1963–64

## References
## Other websites
*
Fathi Kameel

**Fathi Kameel Matar Marzouq** (; 23 May 1955 – 31 January 2026) was a Kuwaiti footballer. He played for Kuwait at the 1980 Summer Olympics  and the 1982 FIFA World Cup, and helped them win the 1980 AFC Asian Cup.

Kameel died on 31 January 2026, at the age of 70.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hernán Rodríguez

**Hernán Rodríguez Aliste** (2 May 1933 – 30 January 2026) was a Chilean footballer. He was capped 22 times for Chile between 1955 and 1961, and played for them at the 1955 South American Championship and the 1959 South American Championship in Argentina. 

Rodríguez died on 30 January 2026, at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Little Things (ABBA song)

"**Little Things**" is a 2021 song by Swedish music group ABBA and is the third single from their ninth studio album *Voyage*. It went to number 61 in the United Kingdom, number 20 in Sweden and number 42 in Germany.

## References
Ladysmith, British Columbia

**Ladysmith** is a town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Cowichan Valley regional district. It is also on the 49th parallel north.

The population of Ladysmith was 8,990 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. 

Future BC premier James Dunsmuir built a shipping wharf in the area and called it **Oyster Harbour** in 1898. He created the town so that miners who were working at his colliery in Extension had a place to live. In 1900, the town's name was changed to honour the lifting of the siege of Ladysmith in South Africa during the Second Boer War. Coal mining and forestry were important industries in the history of the own.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Qualicum Beach

**Qualicum Beach** is a town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Nanaimo regional district.

The population of Qualicum Beach was 9,303 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. 

The area was first settled by Indigenous peoples from the Qualicum First Nation and is part of their traditional land. The name comes from the Pentlatch term which means "Where the dog salmon (chum salmon) run". In May 1856, Adam Grant Horne of the Hudson's Bay Company became the first European settler to arrive in the area. He passed through Qualicum Beach on route in attempt to find a trade route. The train service stopped operating in 2011. The Qualicum Beach Airport was opened in 1954 and serves as the town's main airport.

## References 
## Other websites
*
View Royal

**View Royal** is a town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of View Royal was 11,575 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The town was started by Kenneth Mackenzie after he built the Craigflower Manor in 1850s and named the area Craigflower Country, living there with his wife and six children. Dr. John Sebastian Helmcken later bought 80 acres of land from the Hudson's Bay Company and he named it View Royal because of its royal view of Esquimalt Harbour.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Oliver, British Columbia

**Oliver** is a town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the South Okangan of British Columbia and is in the Okanagan-Similkameen regional district.

The population of Oliver was 5,094 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Oliver is known for its winemaking and [fruit growing industries. The city was given the Royal assent by Queen Elizabeth II as the Wine Capital of Canada during her Golden Jubilee Tour of Canada in 2002.

The area was first settled by the Syilx hundreds or years ago. They usually settled around the water to fish and live their lives. Sometime around 1811, the area saw its first European settlers after fur traders traveled through and set up Fort Okanagan in the area. In 1921, the village was incorporated and was part of the Soldier Settlement Board to help veterans from World War I who were unemployed. The Kettle Valley Railway operated a station in the town. The train service shut down in 19 and the former station is now home to the Oliver Tourism Association and Visitor Centre. 

The Oliver Municipal Airport was built in 1947 and serves as the town's main airport. It helped serve supported Canadian forces during World War II.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Lake Cowichan

**Lake Cowichan** is a town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the South Okangan of British Columbia and is in the Okanagan-Similkameen regional district.

The population of Lake Cowichan was 3,325 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Lake Cowichan is known for its important forestry and logging history. The Cowichan River runs through the centre of town and is a popular destination for tourists to fish, swim, kayak, and go tubing.

The area was first settled in 1886 by Joseph Despard Pemberton, a surveyor working for the Hudson's Bay Company. It then became a village on August 19th, 1944.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Dara (Bulgarian singer)

**Darina Nikolaeva Yotova** (born 9 September 1998), better known by her stage name **Dara**, is a Bulgarian pop singer. In 2015 she reached the final of the Bulgarian edition of *The X Factor*. She is set to  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026 with the song "", she will perform in the second semi-final which will take place on 14 May 2026.

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Singles
#### As lead artist
#### As featured artist
## References
Port McNeill

**Port McNeill** is a town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the South Okangan of British Columbia and is in the Mount Waddington regional district.

The population of Port McNeill was 2,356 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Port McNeill is known for its important logging and forestry industries. Both the villages of Alert Bay and Sointula use Port McNeill as their only access out of the area through BC Ferries.

The first settlers were members of the Kwakwaka’wakw First Nation around 9,000 years ago. European settlers came and settled the area as a base camp for loggers in 1836. It was named for William Henry McNeill of the Hudson's Bay Company. In 1966, Port McNeill became the first town to be incorporated under the law of the Canadian Constitution.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Late in the Evening

"**Late in the Evening**" is a 1980 song by Paul Simon and is the leading single from his fifth studio album *One-Trick Pony*. It went to number 6 in the United States, number 19 in New Zealand and Canada, number 58 in the United Kingdom, number 3 in Zimbabwe, number 11 in the Netherlands, number 34 in Australia and number 15 in Belgium.

## References
Inner Smile

"**Inner Smile**" is a 2001 song by Scottish band Texas and is the second single from their greatest hits album *The Greatest Hits*. It went to number 6 in the United Kingdom and Romania, number 1 in Croatia, number 5 in Scotland, number 17 in Italy and Ireland, number 8 in Spain, number 37 in France and number 36 in Germany.

## Track listings
**UK CD1** (MERCD 531)
# "Inner Smile" – 3:49
# "Inner Smile" (extended 12-inch) – 9:47
# "Across the Universe"  – 4:13
# "Inner Smile" (video)

**UK CD2** (MERDD 531)
# "Inner Smile" – 3:49
# "Inner Smile" (Jules' Club Radio Mix) – 4:35
# "Inner Smile" (Stonebridge Classic House Mix) – 6:31
# "Inner Smile" (Rae & Christian Basement Mix) – 4:57

**UK cassette single** (MERMC 531)
:A1. "Inner Smile" – 3:49
:A2. "Inner Smile" (Moody Mix) – 4:36
:B1. "Inner Smile" (Stonebridge Classic House Mix) – 7:20

**European CD single** (572 774-2)
# "Inner Smile" – 3:49
# "I Don't Want a Lover" (live) – 5:30

**Australian CD single** (572 772-2)
# "Inner Smile" – 3:49
# "Inner Smile" (Stonebridge Classic House Mix) – 7:21
# "Tired of Being Alone" – 3:27
# "Across the Universe"  – 4:13
# "Inner Smile" (video)

## References
Love Me Right

***Love Me Right*** is the debut studio album by Zentveld & Oomen. The album was released on 28 February 2005.

## Track listing
Tadashi Yanai

is a Japanese businessman.

He is the founder and president of Fast Retailing, the parent company of Uniqlo ("unique clothing"). 

As of May 2025, he is the richest person in Japan, with an estimated net worth of US$50.3 billion, and the 28th-wealthiest person in the world according to the *Bloomberg Billionaires Index*.

## References
Nigel Morris

**Nigel William Morris** (born June 1958) is a British businessman. 

He is the managing partner of QED Investors and co-founded Capital One Financial Services with Richard Fairbank. He is also part of the ownership group of Welsh football club Swansea City.
Richard Fairbank

**Richard Dana Fairbank** (born September 18, 1950) is an American businessman who co-founded Capital One with Nigel Morris in 1988. 

He was on the board of directors of MasterCard International from 2004 to 2006. 

Fairbank has been awarded "Business Leader of the Year" by *Washingtonian*, and placed on lists including Worth's list of the top 10 CEOs and "50 Best CEOs."

## References
Sidney, British Columbia

**Sidney** is a town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of Sidney was 12,318 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The town of Sidney is named after Sidney Island, which in turn is named after Lieutenant Frederick W. Sidney, who served in the survey branch of the Royal Navy.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh (footballer, born 1936)

**Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh** (28 March 1936 – 25 September 2015) was a Vietnamese footballer and manager. He played for South Vietnam at the 1960 AFC Asian Cup. He was chosen to play for an Asian All-Star team in 1965 and 1966.

After retiring from football, he became a manager. He was the first Vietnamese person to get a FIFA- international coaching license.

## References
John Zápolya

**John Zápolya** (Hungarian: *Zápolya* *János;* Slovak: *Ioan Zápolya)* was born in Spiš Castle in 1487, John and his younger brother George inherited their father's domains in January 1500, John can read and write in Latin, showing that his mother provided him with excellent education; John began his public career as a member of the Diet at Zugló in 1505.

## Voivode of Transylvania 
Wladyslaw II appointed John as Voivode of Transylvania on 8 November 1510. Tamás Bakócz, Archbishop of Esztergom, declared a Crusade against the Ottomans on 9 April 1514; about 40,000 peasants joined the crusade and assembled near Pest, although their lords had tried to retain them before the harvest. The "crusade" soon turned into a peasant rebellion, as the peasant army marched toward Turkish territory, looting nearby noble manors, many villagers refused to pay taxes and duties.

The army commanded by György Dózsa, laid siege to Timișoara, Stephan Báthory defended the town, Zápolya who had returned from Bulgaria, came to relieve Timișoara, his army routed the peasants on 15 July. The leaders of the revolt were tortured to death. Zápolya's victory strengthened his authority, the Diet hailed Zápolya as the "liberator of the realm" and rewarded him with a payment of 20 denars for each peasant household; in 1522, John helped Radu of Afumați gain the Wallachian throne in 1522.

## King of Transylvania 
On 29 August 1526, Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia died in the Battle of Mohács, around 19,000 soldiers including his brother were killed, 10,000 captured and 2,000 prisoners executed; Zápolya was proclaimed King of Hungary by the Gentry on 11 November 1526 at Székesfehérvár, but Louis brother-in-law Ferdinand was also elected king by magnates, barons and Catholic clergy on 17 December 1526 at Pozsony.

He drew on his vast private wealth, the unconditional support of the lesser nobility and the assistance of some aristocrats to impose his policies in domestic affairs. However, in the crucial sphere of foreign relations, success eluded him. He negotiated an alliance with the Habsburgs against the Ottomans, but Ferdinand rejected all attempts of reconciliation, John envoys fanned across europe for support, only in France he found a positive response.

On 27 September 1527, Ferdinand invaded Transylvania with 18,000 men, mostly German mercenaries and some Hungarian supporters. Zápolya with 7000-8000 men from Serbia and Transylvania attacked Ferdinand's force in Tarcal, but Ferdinand's troops  flanked Zápolya's army and swept through cavalry.

On 20 March 1528, Zápolya advanced into Hungary with approximately 15,000 recruits, Johann Katzianer and Bálint Török with 13,000-14,000 men marched against Zápolya and the 2 armies met in Seňa, Zápolya's Infantry was less skilled than the Hungarian army and Zápolya was defeated.

In 1529 Zápolya sent Heironymus Laski to Constantinople for help, but the Sultan will only help if Zápolya becomes a vassal
Adenomera lutzi

'''Lutz's tropical bullfrog** or **Lutz's thin-toed frog'* (*Adenomera lutzi'') is a frog.  It lives in Guyana.

## Home
This frog is awake mostly at night This frog lives in forests that have never been cut down. Scientists have seen it between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places, for example Kaieteur National Park.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in danger of dying out. Part of its home is far from human beings, but it is in danger where people who dig for gold, even in protected parts.

## References
Calcium chlorate

of calcium chlorate.]]
**Calcium chlorate** is an ionic compound made of calcium and chlorate ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is around 206.98 g/mol (anhydrous). Like other chlorates, it is a strong oxidizer. It used as a non-selective herbicide just like sodium chlorate. It can form the dihydrate salt when exposed to moisture or water. It can be made when calcium (metal or basic compound) reacts with chloric acid.

## Formation and decomposition of calcium chlorate
It is usually made when hot suspension of calcium hydroxide in water reacts with excess chlorine gas when heated; making calcium chlorate, calcium chloride, and water.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

It sometimes can be made when calcium hydroxide reacts with chloric acid to make calcium chlorate and water.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

It decomposes at high temperatures to make calcium chloride and oxygen gas.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

## Related pages
*Potassium chlorate
*Calcium bromate
Tim Drexler

**Tim Drexler** (born 6 March 2005) is a German footballer. He plays as defender for Austrian Bundesliga team Red Bull Salzburg.

## Career 
In 2016, Drexler moved from his hometown team FzG Münzesheim to the youth academy of TSG 1899 Hoffenheim. 

Drexler made his debut for Hoffenheim II in December 2022, as a substitute in a 1–0 win against Astoria Walldorf. He joined TSG Hoffenheim's first team in March 2024, and made his first team debut in a 3–1 loss to Eintracht Frankfurt.

On 9 January 2025, Drexler was loaned to 1. FC Nürnberg for the second half of the 2024–25 season. On 31 August 2025, Drexler returned to 1. FC Nürnberg on loan for the 2025–26 season.

On 31 January 2026, Drexler joined Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg.

## International 
Drexler has played for Germany's youth teams.

## Family
His older sister Lisa Drexler is also a footballer. She plays for the Karlsruher SC women's team in the Frauen-Regionalliga Süd.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Bundesliga profile
Smithers, British Columbia

**Smithers** is a town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the northwest central interior of British Columbia and is in the Bulkley-Nechako regional district.

The population of Smithers was 5,378 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. 

The area was first settled by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in 1913 and served as their divisional headquarters. The town is named after Sir Alfred Smithers, a railway director for GTPR. It is used as the main hub for service in the Bulkley Valley. Forestry and mining were important industries in the history of Smithers.

Smithers features the Hudson Bay Mountain and their Hudson Bay Mountain Resort, which is a popular destination for tourists who come to ski and snowboard. Smithers is also a stop for the VIA Rail's Jasper–Prince Rupert train which visits town at least three times every week. The Smithers Regional Airport was opened in 1954 and serves as the town's main airport. The airport was first called the Smithers Aviation Park and was partially funded by the Department of National Defence. It was finished construction in 1933 and rebuilt in 1942. It was later opened to civilian use.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Phạm Văn Rạng

**Phạm Văn Rạng** (8 January 1934 – 7 November 2008) was a Vietnamese footballer. He played for South Vietnam at the 1956 and 1960 AFC Asian Cups, and helped them win a gold medal at the 1959 SEAP Games.

Phạm Văn Rạng died on 7 November 2008, at the age of 74, after having a stroke.

## References
List of GMA Network radio stations

The following is a list of radio stations owned by GMA Network Inc., through its subsidiary **RGMA Network, Inc.**

## Super Radyo
### Defunct/Inactive
## Barangay FM
### Defunct/Inactive
## Notes
## See also
* List of GMA Network stations
* List of GTV stations

## References
White South Africans

**White South Africans** are South Africans of European descent. In linguistic, cultural and historical terms, they are generally divided into the Afrikaans-speaking descendants of the Dutch East India Company's original colonists, known as Afrikaners, and the Anglophone descendants of British colonists. European South Africans are by far the largest population of White Africans. *White* was a legally defined racial classification during apartheid.
Luis Valdéz (footballer)

**Luis Antonio Valdéz Salas** (born 1 July 1965) is a former Mexican footballer. He was capped 11 times for Mexico, and played for them at the 1994 FIFA World Cup. He is nicknamed  *El Cadáver*  (The Corpse).

## References
## Other websites
*FIFA profile
*
Radio broadcasting

.]]
**Radio broadcasting** transmits audio signals via radio waves to receivers over a wide area. Listeners need a radio receiver for "terrestrial" broadcasts (AM, FM, DAB) from land transmitters, while satellite radio signals come from satellites in orbit.

Radio stations create their own programming or partner with radio networks for content via syndication or simulcasting. Common transmission technologies include analog (AM and FM) and digital (DAB, HD Radio, DRM).
James Mina

**James Mina** (born 17 July 1954) is a former Colombian footballer. He was capped three times for Colombia at the 1983 Copa América. He was also part of Colombia's team at the 1979 Copa América.

## References
## Other websites
*
Coffee Houser Sei Addata

"**Coffee Houser Sei Addata**" is a song by Indian playback singer Manna Dey. The song's lyrics were written by Gauriprasanna Mazumder and its music and tune was composed by Suparna Kanti Ghosh. It was added to the album Hits of Manna Dey, Vol. 2 by its record label company Saregama.

## Composition and writing 
In 1983, Suparna Kanti Ghosh was living in New Alipore, Kolkata, studying for his exams with his friends. He was visited by Gauriprasanna Mazumder, who had a sore throat and dropped by for some tea. Mazumdar called him out for taking too long to get to him. They entered into a discussion where Ghosh asked him to write a song related to a hangout theme at the College Street Coffee House. Mazumdar spoke the first two lines of the song right away. He spent the night writing the lyrics of the song. Mazumdar was diagnosed with throat cancer at the time. He completed most of the song within 2 or 3 days, except the last stanza. When he showed the written song to Ghosh, Ghosh wanted him to add a last stanza (verse) to the song.

Later, Mazumdar was onboard a still train stalled in Howrah Junction railway station. He was going for medical treatment in Chennai or Mumbai (also known as Bombay). He thought of the last stanza to the song. He took out a white paper from inside an empty cigarette packet. With his pen, he wrote the last stanza on it. He then introduced himself to a man on the station. And asked him to deliver the packet to Ghosh's house in New Alipore. The man delivered the packet to Ghosh the next day. Ghosh stated that he felt the song was complete. He had a live concert in Mumbai (Bombay) in 4 days and took the lyrics papers with him.

A few days later, he brought the song to Manna Dey. Dey asked him, "How can this be a song? How will you set these words to music?". Eventually, Manna Dey recorded the song in a recording studio in Mumbai in 1983.

## References
Adenomera thomei

***Adenomera thomei*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home
This frog lives in Atlantic forests. People also see it in small pieces of forest. They see it on sandy ground and on the dead leaves on the ground. They have also seen it in places that human beings have changed, for example next to cacao farms. Scientists have seen this frog between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places, for example APA Lagoa Encantada and Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Municipal das Serras de Marica.

## Young
The male frog sits on the dead leaves on the ground and calls to the female frogs. This frog puts eggs in a nest made out of bubbles on very wet ground and in pools where the water does not move.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out.

## First paper
*

## References
Terry Leahy

**Sir Terence Patrick Leahy** (born 28 February 1956) is a British businessman. He is best known as the former CEO of Tesco, the largest supermarket company in the United Kingdom. In 2011, he became a senior adviser at the private equity company Clayton Dubilier & Rice.

He lives in Cuffley, Hertfordshire, with his wife and three children.

## Early life 
Leahy was born in Belle Vale, Liverpool to Irish immigrant parents. He grew up in a working-class family. His father worked as a sailor and later as a bookmaker. Leahy attended Our Lady of the Assumption Primary School and later St. Edward's College, Liverpool, after passing the 11+ exam.

He worked part-time at Tesco and later studied at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, where he earned a degree in Management Science in 1977. He later received a Doctor of Science degree from Cranfield University.

In 2010, Tesco announced that Leahy would retire in 2011. After leaving, he received performance bonuses and a pension package.

### B&M Retail 
In 2012, Leahy became chairman of B&M Retail. He helped guide the company to the stock market and supported major expansion. He stepped down in 2017.

### Others 
Leahy has invested in many other companies, including cybersecurity firm, Brandshield.

## Honours 
Leahy was knighted in 2002 for his contribution to business.

He is a supporter and adviser of Everton F.C..

## Books 
His book *Management in 10 Words* was published in 2012.

## References
MiniMax (company)

**MiniMax** is a Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company. It is based in Shanghai, China. The company develops AI software for text, images, video, and speech. Investors have called MiniMax one of China’s leading new AI companies.

## History 
MiniMax was founded in December 2021 by former engineers from the AI company SenseTime. Early funding came from the Chinese technology company MiHoYo.

In March 2024, Alibaba Group led a $600 million investment round in MiniMax. After this investment, the company was valued at about $2.5 billion. Other investors include Tencent, IDG Capital, and Hillhouse Investment.

On 9 January 2026, MiniMax became a public company with an initial public offering (IPO) on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

## Products 
### Talkie 
MiniMax released its first product in 2022. It was originally called *Glow*. The app allowed users to create virtual characters and talk with them using AI.

In 2023, Glow was relaunched under two new names. For users outside China, the app became *Talkie*. For Chinese users, it was renamed *Xing Ye*.

In 2024, Talkie became popular in the United States and other countries. It allowed users to have AI conversations with virtual versions of well-known people.

### Hailuo AI 
In March 2024, MiniMax launched *Hailuo AI*, an AI platform for text, music, and video creation. In September 2024, the company added a new tool called *video-01*, which can create videos from written text.

In 2025, Hailuo AI added audio and speech features, allowing users to create voices and sound effects with AI.

## Technology 
MiniMax develops large AI language models. In 2024, the company released the *ABAB 6.5* model, which uses a technology called mixture of experts.

In January 2025, MiniMax introduced the *MiniMax-01* family of AI models. These models can understand both text and images.

In April 2025, the company released *Speech-02*, a new text-to-speech model that supports more than 30 languages.

## See also 
* OpenAI

## References
Pandorabots

**Pandorabots, Inc.** is an artificial intelligence company that provides a web platform for building and running chatbots.

The company develops and supports the Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML), a language used to create chatbot programs. Parts of the Pandorabots software are available for free.

The **Pandorabots Platform** is one of the oldest and largest chatbot hosting services in the world. It allows users to create virtual agents that can have human-like text or voice conversations with people.

The platform is written in the programming language Allegro Common Lisp.

## Use cases 
Pandorabots is used in many areas. Common uses include online advertising, virtual assistants, e-learning, entertainment, and education.

Universities and researchers also use the platform for teaching and academic research about artificial intelligence.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Pandorabots website
Tredence

**Tredence Inc.** is an American company that works in data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI). It is based in San Jose, California, in the United States. The company provides analytics and AI services to businesses around the world.

Tredence helps companies use data to make better business decisions. It works with clients in industries such as retail, consumer goods, telecommunications, healthcare, technology, and financial services.

## History 
Tredence was founded in 2013 by Shub Bhowmick, Sumit Mehra, and Shashank Dubey.

In 2020, the company received a $30 million investment from Chicago Pacific Founders.

In 2022, Tredence raised $175 million in funding led by Advent International.

In 2023, the research company Forrester named Tredence as one of the leaders in customer analytics services.

The company works with major technology platforms such as Amazon Web Services, Snowflake, Databricks, and Google Cloud.

## References
Vicarious (company)

**Vicarious** was an American artificial intelligence company. It was based in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The company worked on creating software that could think and learn in ways similar to the human brain.

In 2022, the company was bought by Alphabet Inc. and became part of Alphabet’s robotics group called Intrinsic.

## Founders 
Vicarious was founded in 2010 by D. Scott Phoenix and Dileep George. Before starting Vicarious, Phoenix worked as an entrepreneur and technology executive. George previously worked as Chief Technology Officer at the AI company Numenta while completing his studies at Stanford University.

## Funding 
The company received early funding from technology investors and venture capital firms. In 2012, Vicarious raised $15 million in a funding round led by Good Ventures and Founders Fund.

In 2014, the company raised $40 million in additional funding. Investors in this round included Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk.

Later, the company also received investments from Jeff Bezos, Jerry Yang, and Marc Benioff.

## Technology 
Vicarious worked on machine learning systems based on ideas from how the human brain processes information. One of its main projects was called the Recursive Cortical Network (RCN). This system was designed to understand images and videos in a way similar to human vision.

In 2013, Vicarious announced that its software could solve many modern CAPTCHA tests used on websites. The company said this showed that its vision technology was becoming more advanced.

The company later published research about its technology in the scientific journal *Science*.

## See also 
* Artificial intelligence
* Computer vision

## References
Sakana AI

​​
**Sakana AI Co, Ltd.** is a Japanese artificial intelligence company. It is based in Tokyo, Japan.

## Overview 
Sakana AI works on research in collective intelligence and new methods for creating AI systems. The name of the company comes from the Japanese word “sakana,” which means fish. This name is used as an example of many simple parts working together, like a school of fish, to create intelligent behavior.

The company was founded in 2023 by David Ha, Llion Jones, and Ren Ito. Llion Jones is known as one of the authors of the important AI research paper Attention Is All You Need, which was written while he worked at Google.

In its first funding round, Sakana AI raised $30 million from investors including Lux Capital and Khosla Ventures. In 2024, the company raised about $200 million in a larger funding round. Investors included Mitsubishi UFJ, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Mizuho Financial Group, Itochu, KDDI, Nomura Holdings, and Nvidia.

In 2024, the company developed a method to create new AI models by combining several existing models. Sakana AI believes this method can help more people build AI systems without needing large computers.

Sakana AI is also working on a project called the “AI Scientist.” This project aims to use AI to help automate parts of scientific research.

In 2024, Sakana AI became a "unicorn" company (a startup worth more than $1 billion). It reached this value faster than any other Japanese startup in history.

## References
Strontium bromide

**Strontium bromide** is an ionic compound made of strontium and bromide ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is 247.428 g/mol (anhydrous). It is used in flares to make a bright red colour in fireworks. It usually forms the hexahydrate salt when exposed to moisture or water. It is made when strontium (metal or basic compound) reacts with bromine or hydrobromic acid.

## Formation of strontium bromide
It can be made when strontium metal reacts with liquid bromine to make strontium bromide.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

It can also be made when strontium hydroxide reacts with hydrobromic acid to make strontium bromide and water.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

## Related pages
*Strontium oxide
Central Saanich

**Central Saanich** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of Central Saanich was 17,385 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census.

Before Europeans arrived, W̱SÁNEĆ peoples settled in the area. Europeans arrived in 1855 and began to settle in the area. They began to build farms and grow produce, while also building a industry for logging. In 1904, a quarry for limestone and a cement plant were built by Robert Pim and Jennie Butchart and they sold their product worldwide. After the factory was closed in 1955, Butchart turned the area into Butchart Gardens. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 2004.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Chung Kook-chin

**Chung Kook-chin** (; January 2, 1917 – February 10, 1976) was a South Korean footballer and manager. He played for South Korea at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He also managed South Korea at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was the Vice President of the Korea Football Association shortly before his death.

He was notable for wearing eyeglasses while playing in matches. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Louis Contesse

Dr. **Louis Contesse** (c. 1670–September 11, 1729) was a prominent French Huguenot physician and early settler in colonial Virginia. He is best known historically as the maternal grandfather of John Tyler, the tenth President of the United States.  

Born in France (likely Roussy), he fled religious persecution as a young man, seeking refuge in England by 1688. He arrived in James City County, Virginia, around 1700,  He practiced medicine and lived in Williamsburg, where he was a respected member of the community and patented land tracts in 1725, He married Mary Morris (c. 1696–1760). Their daughter, Anne Contesse, married John Tyler II, their son John Tyler Sr. was the father of President John Tyler. 

In October 2022, the Huguenot Society of South Carolina officially approved Louis Contesse as a recognized Huguenot ancestor based on records of his "reconnaissance" (religious declaration) in England in 1688.

## References
Esquimalt

The **Township of Esquimalt** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of Esquimalt was 17,533 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Esquimalt is home to the Royal Canadian Navy's Pacific fleet naval base.

Before Europeans arrived, Kosampsom (now Esquimalt) lived in the area for over 4000 years. Esquimalt's name from the indigenous phrase *Es-whoy-malth* or *x̣ʷiméɫǝɫ*, which means "place of gradually shoaling water". European settlers arrived in 1790 when Gonzalo López de Haro and Juan Carrasco onboard the *Princess Royal* during Manuel Quimper's expedition.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Lake Country

**Lake Country** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Okanagan Valley region and is in the Central Okanagan regional district.

The population of Lake Country was 15,817 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Lake Country is known for it vineyards and winemaking. Sightseeing along the forests and mountains are also popular activities for visitors.

Lake Country has a ward system is the only municipality in British Columbia to use the system. The wards for Lake Country are Okanagan Centre, Carr's Landing, Oyama, and Winfield.

Before Europeans arrived, Syilx peoples settled in the area. In 1995, Oyama, Winfield, Okanagan Centre, and Carr’s Landing all merged together to become the District of Lake Country.

## References 
## Other websites
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North Cowichan

**North Cowichan** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island in British Columbia and is in the Cowichan Valley regional district.

The population of North Cowichan was 31,990 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Within North Cowichan lays the communities of "North Cowichan", Chemainus, Westholme, Crofton, and Maple Bay.

On June 18, 1873, the municipality of North Cowichan was incorporated, making it the fifth-oldest municipality in British Columbia. The city of Duncan was originally a part of North Cowichan but was separated and incorporated into its own city on March 4, 1912. There was a vote to reform the two communities but it failed to pass.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Oak Bay, British Columbia

**Oak Bay** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of Oak Bay was 17,990 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census.

Before Europeans arrived, Songhees have lived in the area for over hundreds of years. The district is named after the Garry oak tree, which is known to grow throughout the region.

Oak Bay used to host home games at Patrick Arena for the Victoria Cougars of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) (now Detroit Red Wings). On March 30, 1925, the Cougars defeated and swept the Montreal Canadiens four games to zero to win the Stanley Cup. Patrick Arena was destroyed in a fire shortly after in 1929.

## References 
## Other websites
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Ashley Williams (designer)

**Ashley Williams** (born 28 July 1988) is a British fashion designer. 

## Early life 
Williams was born in Dubai. She lived there until she was 12 years old. She went to the University of Westminster and graduated in 2012 with a degree in fashion design.

## Career 
Williams showed her first collection in February 2013 with a group called Fashion East. After showing with them for three seasons, she had her own first show at London Fashion Week in September 2014.

Many famous models have worked with her, including Georgia May Jagger. She has also worked with brands like Superga and Red or Dead to create special products.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Kevin Thomas (politician)

**Kevin Thomas** is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Thomas served as a member of the New York State Senate from 2019 to 2024. He represented the 6th district, which is located on Long Island.

## Early life and education 
Thomas was born in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. His family is from India. He moved to the United States when he was ten years old.

He went to St. John's University for his bachelor's degree. He later earned his Juris Doctor degree from Cooley Law School. Before becoming a politician, he worked as a lawyer helping people with civil rights and legal issues.

## Political career 
In 2018, Thomas ran for the New York State Senate. He won a surprise victory against the long-time senator Kemp Hannon. Thomas became the first Indian-American to ever serve in the New York State Senate.

During his time in office, he led the Consumer Protection Committee. He worked on laws to help protect people's private data and information from big companies. He was re-elected in 2020.

In 2024, his district was changed (redistricted), and he finished his term in December 2024.

## Personal life 
Thomas lives in Garden City, New York. He is married to his wife, Rincy, and they have one daughter.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official New York Senate website
Squamish, British Columbia

**Squamish** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in both the Howe Sound and Sea-to-Sky Corridor areas and is also in the Squamish-Lillooet regional district.

The population of Squamish was 23,819 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. It is less than an hour away from both Vancouver and Whistler by highway. It is a popular destination for hiking, mountain biking, and swimming.

Before Europeans arrived, Squamish Indigenous peoples have lived in the area for over thousands of years. The district's traditional name is *Keh Kait* (''K'emk'emeláy̓'' in Squamish), meaning "the place of many maple trees".

Squamish served as a terminus station for the Canadian Pacific Railway's Royal Hudson service. It traveled from North Vancouver to Squamish and brought tourism to the area. The train service ended serive in 2001 and a train cart from the service is a tourist attraction in Squamish.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Blagoje Vidinić

**Blagoje Vidinić** (, ; 11 June 1934 – 29 December 2006) was a Yugoslav and Macedonian Association footballer and manager. He was capped 8 times for Yugoslavia, and was part of their team at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics, and at the 1960 European Nations' Cup. He also managed FAR Rabat and Colombia.

## Honours
### Player
;FC Sion
* Swiss Cup: 1964–65

;Yugoslavia
* Olympic Medalist: 
** Gold medal: 1960
** Silver medal: 1956

### Manager
;FAR Rabat
* Moroccan Throne Cup: 1971

;Zaire
* African Cup of Nations: 1974

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Mushtaq Ali Cheema

**Mushtaq Ali Cheema** is a Pakistani politician and industrialist who served as a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 2002 to 2007. He was appointed Federal Minister for Textile Industry in September 2004 and held the position until November 2007 during the government of Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz.

He is associated with the Pakistan Muslim League (Q) and represented Faisalabad in the National Assembly. Cheema is primarily known for his role in textile-sector policy during a period when the industry accounted for the majority of Pakistan's export earnings.

## Early life and education 
Mushtaq Ali Cheema was born in Faisalabad, Punjab, a major industrial and textile center of Pakistan. He obtained a master's degree in commerce and was involved in textile manufacturing and exports prior to entering national politics. He has also been associated with trade and exporters' organizations connected to Pakistan's textile sector.

## Political career 
### Member of the National Assembly (2002–2007) 
In the 2002 Pakistani general election, Cheema was elected to the National Assembly from constituency NA-83 (Faisalabad-IX) as a candidate of the Pakistan Muslim League (Q), securing 38,278 votes.

He served a full term in the 12th National Assembly (2002–2007).

### Federal Minister for Textile Industry (2004–2007) 
Cheema was appointed federal Minister for Textile Industry in September 2004. His appointment was reported by Pakistan's business press as part of a cabinet reshuffle aimed at strengthening industrial and export-oriented sectors.

As minister, he was responsible for policy coordination with textile manufacturers and exporters, addressing energy and financing constraints, and promoting value-added textile exports.

## Policies and statements 
During his tenure, Cheema emphasized the strategic importance of the textile sector to Pakistan's economy, describing it as a key contributor to employment and foreign exchange earnings. In 2007, he stated that the government was pursuing measures to stabilize and modernize the industry amid international competition.

## Electoral record 
In the 2008 Pakistani general election, Cheema contested the same constituency but lost amid declining electoral support for the Pakistan Muslim League (Q).

## Later activities 
Following the end of his ministerial tenure and electoral defeat in 2008, Cheema did not return to national elective office. He has since remained active in business and local political circles. Subsequent electoral delimitation redesignated his former constituency as NA-103.

## Textile sector 
During Cheema's tenure as minister, Pakistan's textile industry accounted for approximately 60 percent of national exports, underscoring its central role in the economy. Later reports indicate that textiles continued to contribute over 60 percent of Pakistan's total exports.

## See also 
* National Assembly of Pakistan
* Textile industry
* Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

## References
We Are Charlie Kirk

**"We Are Charlie Kirk"** is an AI-generated song credited to Spalexma. It was released on September 16, 2025 to honor the now dead Charlie Kirk. The song is the final track of Spalexma's album *Charlie Kirk Forever Alive*, one of the eighteen Christian-themed albums credited to Spalexma in 2025.
Tert-Butyl group

The '''*tert*-butyl group** is a piece of a chemical in organic chemistry. Its systematic names are **1,1-dimethylethyl** or **2-methylpropan-2-yl'*, but these are rarely used.

It is a type of alkyl group, meaning it is made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms, and has no double bonds or triple bonds. The chemical formula of the *tert*-butyl group is . In large molecules, this is sometimes shortened to , {{chem2|^{t}Bu}}, or . It is one of four possible shapes of a butyl group.

## Chemistry 
*tert*-Butyl is the smallest alkyl group that has no hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom that connects to the rest of the molecule. This means that *tert*-butyl compounds are very hard to remove hydrogen from, even when attached to other groups like carbonyl that normally make it easier to remove hydrogen from alkyl groups.

The *tert''-butyl group's three methyl groups take up a lot of space, giving the group a lot of steric bulk that helps keep other molecules away from the group they are attached to. This makes *tert*-butyl a popular protecting group.