open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rosa Salazar

**Rosa Bianca Salazar** (born July 16, 1985) is an American actress. She is known for the NBC series *Parenthood*, and the FX anthology series *American Horror Story: Murder House*.

Salazar has appeared in the movies *The Divergent Series: Insurgent* as Lynn, and *Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials* and *Maze Runner: The Death Cure*, as Brenda.  She stars in the upcoming movie *Alita: Battle Angel* (2018) as Alita alongside Christoph Waltz.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alita: Battle Angel

***Alita: Battle Angel*** is a 2019 American science-fiction action movie. It is based on Yukito Kishiro's manga *Battle Angel Alita*. It is produced by James Cameron and Jon Landau and directed by Robert Rodriguez.

It stars Rosa Salazar as Alita, with supporting roles by Christoph Waltz, Jennifer Connelly, Eiza González, Mahershala Ali, Ed Skrein, Jackie Earle Haley, Michelle Rodriguez and Lana Condor.

The movie was released by 20th Century Fox on February 14, 2019. It was later released in Real D 3D, Dolby Cinema and IMAX 3D.

*Alita: Battle Angel* was the final movie released by 20th Century as a stand-alone studio. After that, 20th Century became a Disney subsidiary.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Cecile Richards

**Cecile Richards** (July 15, 1957 – January 20, 2025) was an American pro-choice activist. She was the president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America and president of the Planned Parenthood Action Fund from 2006 to 2018.

Richards was the daughter of former Governor of Texas Ann Richards.

In November 2024, Richards received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Joe Biden at the White House.

Richards was diagnosed with glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer, in mid-2023. She died at home in New York City, on January 20, 2025, at the age of 67.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Tribpedia profile and news at *The Texas Tribune*
Jill Janus

**Jill Janus ** (September 2, 1975 – August 14, 2018) was an American rock and heavy metal singer. She was born in Los Angeles, California. She was the lead singer of American heavy metal band Huntress. She also performed with Chelsea Girls, Vexy Strut and The Starbreakers.  

On August 14, 2018, Janus committed suicide near Portland, Oregon, aged 42.

## References
Lakeview, Texas

**Lakeview** is a town in Hall County, Texas, United States. The population was 60 at the 2020 census. 

## References
Lydia

**Lydia** was an ancient kingdom in Anatolia which occupied the valleys of the Hermus and Cayster rivers. From the middle of the 7th century to the middle of the 6th century the Lydians were the most powerful people in Anatolia. They were said to have been the first makers of gold and silver coins. 

Croesus (595 BC – c. 546 BC) was a king of Lydia who is said to have reigned for 14 years: from 560 BC until he was defeated by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 546 BC. Croesus was famous for his great wealth.

## Source
*Lydia: ancient region, Anatolia; Encyclopædia Britannica
2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series

, the 2019 Xfinity Series champion]]
 finished second behind Reddick in the championship]]
 finished third in the championship]]
The **2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series** was the 38th season of the NASCAR Xfinity Series, a stock car racing series sanctioned by the NASCAR in the United States.

Tyler Reddick won the series. He was also the 2018 champion.

## Teams and drivers 
### Complete schedule 
## Changes 
*On August 15, 2018, Elliott Sadler announced his retirement from full-time competition, thus leaving the JR Motorsports No. 1 team open. It was announced on September 25 that Noah Gragson would replace Sadler, driving the No. 1 Chevrolet full-time in 2019. 
*On September 21, 2018, Brandonbilt Motorsports announced they would run the No. 86 car full-time for three part-time drivers. The only one announced at the time was Brandon Brown.
*On September 22, 2018, B. J. McLeod Motorsports announced that Vinnie Miller would run the No. 78 with them full-time in 2019 and 2020, and also run the final six races of the 2018 season with the team after securing his release from JD Motorsports.
*On October 15, 2018, Ryan Reed announced that, due to his sponsor Lilly Diabetes leaving the team, he would not return to the No. 16 Roush Fenway Racing Ford Mustang GT in 2019, leaving him a free agent.
*On October 19, 2018, Spencer Gallagher announced that he would be retiring from racing at the end of the 2018 season and would take on a managerial role at GMS Racing. It is currently unknown who will replace him in the No. 23 Chevrolet Camaro.
*On October 31, 2018, it was announced that Tyler Reddick will move from JR Motorsports to Richard Childress Racing in the 2019 season.

### Teams 
*Toyota Supra will replacing the Camry in 2019 season.

## Schedule 
The schedule, comprising of 33 races, was announced on June 13, 2018.

## Results and standings
### Race results
## References
Sonic All-Stars Racing Transformed

***Sonic & All Stars Racing Transformed*** is a video game made by Sumo Digital and published by Sega. The game was only released in North America and Europe.

## References
Greene County, New York

**Greene County** is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,931. The county seat is Catskill. The county's name is in honor of the American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene. Greene County was founded on March 3, 1800.

## References
Saint-Étienne-du-Bois

**Saint-Étienne-du-Bois** is the name of two communes in France:
* Saint-Étienne-du-Bois, Ain
* Saint-Étienne-du-Bois, Vendée
Saint-Martin-du-Mont

**Saint-Martin-du-Mont** is the name of three communes in France:
* Saint-Martin-du-Mont, in the Ain department
* Saint-Martin-du-Mont, in the Côte-d'Or department
* Saint-Martin-du-Mont, in the Saône-et-Loire department

## Other 
* Saint-Martin-des-Monts, in the Sarthe department
Brown County

**Brown County** is the name of nine counties in the United States:
* Brown County, Illinois
* Brown County, Indiana
* Brown County, Kansas
* Brown County, Minnesota
* Brown County, Nebraska
* Brown County, Ohio
* Brown County, South Dakota
* Brown County, Texas
* Brown County, Wisconsin
Lake Sempach

**Lake Sempach** () is a lake in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Its area is about 14.5&nbsp;km² and its maximum depth is 87 meters.

A 50 metre-large island named *Gamma Insel* is east of Sursee.

It gives the name to the municipality of Sempach.
Brown County, Illinois

**Brown County** is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,244. The county seat is Mount Sterling.

Siloam Springs State Park is in this county.

## History 
Brown County was founded in 1839. It is named in honor of U.S. General Jacob Brown, who defeated the British at the Battle of Sackett's Harbor in 1813.

## References
Anderson County

**Anderson County** is the name of five counties in the United States:
* Anderson County, Kansas
* Anderson County, Kentucky
* Anderson County, South Carolina
* Anderson County, Tennessee
* Anderson County, Texas
Collonges

**Collonges** is the name of several places:

## France 
**Collonges** is the name of several communes in France:
* Collonges, in the Ain *département*
* Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or, in the Rhône *département*
* Collonges-la-Rouge, in the Corrèze *département*
* Collonges-lès-Bévy, in the Côte-d'Or *département*
* Collonges-lès-Premières, in the Côte-d'Or *département*
* Collonges-sous-Salève, in the Haute-Savoie *département*

## Switzerland 
* Collonges, in the canton of Valais

## Other 
* Collonge (disambiguation)
Gordon, Alabama

**Gordon** is a town in Houston County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in February 1872. It is part of the Dothan Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2020 census the population was 294.

## References
Sancourt, Nord

**Sancourt** is a commune. It is in the Nord department in north France. In 2015, 204 people lived in the commune.

The coat of arms of Sancourt are blue with a gold lion.

## References 
* INSEE commune file
Avully

**Avully** is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in  Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed

**Mohamed Abdullahi** "**Farmajo**" **Mohamed** (, ; born 11 March 1962) is a Somali politician and diplomat. He was the 9th  President of Somalia from 2017 to 2022. He was Prime Minister of Somalia from November 2010 until June 2011. Farmaajo has a close relationship with his prime minister Mahdi Gulaid. He lost his re-election in 2022.

## References 
## Other websites
Kelcyra

**Këlcyra** is a city and a municipality in Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 2,651. It is crossed by the Vjosë and Dëshnicë rivers, which runs along the Trebeshinë-Dhëmbel-Nemërçkë mountain chain, between Trebeshinë and Dhëmbel mountains.

The newest member of the team they got is Panajot Kureta a talent with a bright future.

## Sport 
KF Këlcyra is an Albanian football club founded in 1981 and based in the small town of Këlcyrë currently in the Albanian Second Division.

## References
Elizabeth Peer

**Elizabeth Clow Peer** (February 3, 1936 − May 26, 1984) was an American journalist. She worked for *Newsweek* from 1958 to 1984. She was a copy girl at a time when opportunities for women were limited. 

In 1962, Peer was promoted to writer. In 1964, she was sent to Paris as *Newsweek*'s first female correspondent. While in Paris, Peer wanted to report on the Vietnam War. But she was rejected because she was a woman.

Peer came back to the United States in 1969 to work in ''Newsweek's* Washington, D.C. bureau.

In the late 1970s, Peer became *Newsweek's'' first female Vietnam War news reporter.

Peer was born in East Orange, New Jersey. She committed suicide in New York City at age 48. Peer had first wanted to kill herself due to a broken tailbone.

## References
Rosales, Pangasinan

**Rosales**, officially the **Municipality of Rosales**, (Pangasinan: *Baley na Rosales*; Ilokano: *Ili ti Rosales*; ), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 63,081 people.

## References
Promises (Calvin Harris and Sam Smith song)

"**Promises**" is a song recorded by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris and English singer Sam Smith. It was released on August 17, 2018, through Columbia and Sony. The two artists wrote the song with Canadian singer-songwriter Jessie Reyez, with Harris producing the song himself.

## References
Periscope

using a periscope to see from a trench]]

A **periscope** is an optical instrument that is used to watch a scene from cover. The classical design uses a number of mirrors or prisms, and is used in tanks and submarines.
Royal Colleges of Surgeons

The **Royal Colleges of Surgeons** are old colleges (a form of corporation) that make rules for surgeons. The first Royal College of Surgeons started in England. Other Royal Colleges of Surgeons are organisations in many present and former members of the Commonwealth of Nations. These organisations are now also responsible for training surgeons and setting their examinations.

**Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland** (**MRCS**) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the present-day UK and Ireland. 

This qualification allows a candidate to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. 

The MRCS qualification is a multi-part examination including theory and practical assessments. Part A is a 4-hour written examination which was used to assesses the applied basic sciences and principles of surgery in general. Part B is a 5-hour practical examination which assesses elements of day-to-day surgical practice through a series of stations on anatomy, pathology, critical care, clinical procedures and patient evaluation (history taking, clinical examination and communication skills). Candidates must complete both exams before they can apply for higher surgical training.

## References
Ain't

The word '''ain't'* is a contraction of *is not*, *have not*, *are not* and *has not* in English vernacular.

The development for *ain't* happened independently and at different times. The usage of *ain't* for the forms of *to be not* was established during the 18th century, and *to have not* by the early 19th century.

The using of *ain't* is a major subject of controversy in English. The word is used by many speakers in oral and informal settings. But its use is often with stigma.

*Ain't* is found all across the English-speaking world in many regions and classes. The word is of a nonstandard nature. 

*Ain't* is used all over the United Kingdom. Its geographical distribution has increased over time. It is also found all over the United States, including in the South, New England, the Mid-Atlantic States, the Appalachia and the Upper Midwest. But *ain't* can also be used in the Great Plains and other Midwestern States.

In England, *ain't'' is generally considered to be a nonstandard or illiterate usage. That's because it is used by people of a lower socio-economic class and by educated people with an informal manner.

''Ain't'' is also used in Australia and New Zealand.

## References
Nipple discharge

**Nipple discharge** is fluid that comes out of the nipple of the breast and is not milk or caused by pregnancy or breastfeeding. The discharge can be different colors. It can be thick or thin. Nipple discharge can come from one breast or both. Many men have had nipple discharge. Nipple discharge in men is not normal. Ninety-seven percent of the time, nipple discharge is not cancer.
*Breast infection
*Kidney or liver problems

A doctor or nurse will often ask a woman to have a examination. Medical tests can find the reason for the nipple discharge. A mammogram and ultrasound are two tests that a doctor might use. The doctor may want to get a sample of the fluid by using a needle to take it out. The fluid that comes out of the nipple may be collected and tested.

Sometimes nipple discharge is treated with an operation. Even after surgery another operation may be needed.

## References
## Other websites 
*Some Causes of Nipple Discharge, from Merck Manuals
William Blackstone

, 1774)]]

**Sir William Blackstone**  (10 July 1723 – 14 February 1780) was an English jurist, judge and Tory party politician of the eighteenth century. He is most noted for writing the *Commentaries on the Laws of England*. 

Born into a middle-class family in London, Blackstone was educated at Charterhouse School before matriculating at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1738. After completing a Bachelor of Civil Law degree, he was made a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford in November 1743.

Blackstone was admitted to Middle Temple, and called to the Bar there in 1746. Following a slow start to his career as a barrister, Blackstone became heavily involved in university administration, becoming accountant, treasurer and bursar on 28 November 1746 and Senior Bursar in 1750. On 3 July 1753 he formally gave up his practice as a barrister and started a series of lectures on English law, the first of their kind. The lectures on law were massively successful. They earnt him a total of £453 (£) per year, and led to the publication of *An Analysis of the Laws of England* in 1756. This repeatedly sold out and was used to preface his later works.

Blackstone was made the first Vinerian Professor of English Law. He published a very successful second book, titled *A Discourse on the Study of the Law*. With his growing fame, Blackstone successfully returned to the bar and maintained a good practice, also securing election as Tory Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Hindon on 30 March 1761. In November 1765 he published the first of four volumes of *Commentaries on the Laws of England*, his most important work. When completed, the work earned Blackstone £14,000 (£ in  terms). After some failures, he got appointed to the judiciary as a judge until his death, on 14 February 1780.
Saint-Jean-le-Vieux

**Saint-Jean-le-Vieux** is the name of three communes in France:
* Saint-Jean-le-Vieux, Ain
* Saint-Jean-le-Vieux, Isère
* Saint-Jean-le-Vieux, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Greene County, North Carolina

**Greene County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 20,451. Its county seat is Snow Hill.

## References
Greene County, Pennsylvania

**Greene County** is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,954. The county seat is Waynesburg. Greene County was created on February 9, 1796, from part of Washington County and named for General Nathanael Greene.

## References
Adair County

**Adair County** is the name of four counties in the United States:
* Adair County, Iowa
* Adair County, Kentucky
* Adair County, Missouri
* Adair County, Oklahoma
Adair County, Missouri

**Adair County** is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 25,314. The county seat is Kirksville. The county was founded on January 29, 1841, and named for Governor John Adair of Kentucky.

## References
Frasne

**Frasne** () is a commune of 1,965 people (2015). It is found in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Doubs department

## References 
* INSEE commune file

## Other websites 
* Website of the village www.frasne.net
Heal the Living

***Heal the Living*** is a 2016 French and Belgian drama movie. It was presented in the Horizons section at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival

*Heal the Living* was released in the United States. It was rated R by Motion Picture Association of America.

## Cast
* Tahar Rahim as Thomas Rémige
* Emmanuelle Seigner as Marianne
* Anne Dorval as Claire
* Bouli Lanners as Pierre Révol
* Kool Shen as Vincent
* Monia Chokri as Jeanne
* Alice Taglioni as Anne Guérande
* Karim Leklou as Virgilio Breva
* Alice de Lencquesaing as Alice Harfang
* Finnegan Oldfield as Maxime
* Théo Cholbi as Sam
* Gabin Verdet as Simon
* Dominique Blanc as Lucie Moret
* Galatéa Bellugi as Juliette
* Titouan Alda as Johan 
* Andranic Manet as Chris
* Irina Muluile as Gisèle
* Steve Tientcheu as Hamé Gaye
* Danielle Arbid as Elsa

The movie was rated near 91% by Rotten Tomatoes based on 54 reviews. On the Metacritic, it has an 82/100 rating based on 12 critics, meaning "universal acclaim".

*Variety* said the movie was "heart crushing".

## Awards
## References
Pope Hormisdas

**Pope Hormisdas** (c. 450 – 6 August 523) was Pope from 20 July 514 to 523. He was preceded by Pope Symmachus and succeeded by John I. He was born in Frosinone, Campagna di Roma, Italy.

## References
## Other websites
Powell A. Moore

**Powell Allen Moore** (January 5, 1938 – August 13, 2018) was an American politician and public servant. He was an official in the United States Department of State and the United States Department of Defense. He was born in Milledgeville, Georgia.

Moore was Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs from February 8, 1982 to August 5, 1983 during the Ronald Reagan administration. He was Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs from May 4, 2001 until December 2004 during the George W. Bush administration. 

In 2006, President Bush nominated him to be the Representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Moore left government service in 2009 and worked at a law firm. 

Moore died in Washington, D.C. on August 13, 2018 at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile from Venable
Milledgeville, Georgia

**Milledgeville** is a city in and the county seat of Baldwin County in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is northeast of Macon and bordered on the east by the Oconee River. 

The population of the town of Milledgeville was 17,070 at the 2020 census.

## References
Nabil Elaraby

**Nabil Elaraby** (; 15 March 1935 – 26 August 2024) was an Egyptian diplomat. He was Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1 July 2011 to 3 July 2016. He was Foreign Affairs Minister of Egypt in Essam Sharaf's government from March to June 2011.

In December 2008, he became the Director of the Regional Cairo Centre for International Commercial Arbitration.

Elaraby died on 26 August 2024, at the age of 89.

## References
Kirkland, Washington

**Kirkland** is a city in King County, Washington, United States. It is a suburb of Seattle. Its population was 92,175 at the 2020 census. It is on the coast of Lake Washington.

## History
The land around Lake Washington was first settled by Native Americans. English settlers arrived in the late 1860s. More families settled the area in the 1870s. By the end of the 1880s, there were a small number of communities that logged, farmed and built boats.

In 1886, Peter Kirk, a businessman, wanted to start a steel mill in Washington near the water. Leigh S. J. Hunt, a newspaper owner, said that he would be Kirk's partner. They bought land in July 1888. They started building a steel mill shortly afterwards. Kirk started the city of Kirkland in 1888. The steel mill was completed in late 1892. The mill later closed because of financial problems. It had not made any steel.

Kirkland was finally incorporated in 1905. Its population was approximately 532.

In the early 1900s, the Curtis family had a business that made boats. In later years, wool milling and warship building were the major industries.

### Annexations
Kirkland has consolidated with other towns and annexed land many times. The area of Kirkland is now approximately 12 times its area when it was incorporated in 1905.

### Landmarks
The city of Kirkland has said that three buildings are city landmarks.

## Geography and climate
Kirkland is located at  (47.685821, -122.191729). Lake Washington is west of the city.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of .  of this is land and  is water.

## Demographics
### 2020 census
In the 2020 census, there were 92,175 people, 38,037 households, and 23,835 families living in Kirkland. The population density was 5,176.6 people per square mile (1,998.7/km²). There were 40,019 housing units. The breakdown by race was 65.5% White, 17.9% Asian, 2.1% Black, 0.5% Native American, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 3.6% from one other race, and 10.3% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos made up 7.9% of the people.

The median (middle) age was 37.9 years. The age breakdown was 20.6% under age 18, 65.8% from 18 to 65, and 13.6% over 65. The gender breakdown was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

Of the households, 29.2% had children under age 18, 51.1% had a married couple, 7.1% had an unmarried couple, 23.9% had a woman with no partner, 17.9% had a man with no partner, and 27.9% had one person living alone. The average household size was 2.39 people.

## Government and politics
Kirkland has a council-manager form of government; there are seven council members. The city council selects one of their members to be the mayor from among its members. , the mayor is Kelli Curtis and the city manager is Kurt Triplett.

## Sports
Kirkland was the original home of the Seattle Seahawks. Now, this team is based in Seattle.

## Sister city
Kirkland has one sister city. It is Emmerich, Germany.

## Notable people
* Layne Staley, lead singer of Alice in Chains (died 2002)

## References
## Other websites
* City of Kirkland Government 
* 
* Kirkland Arts Center
* Kirkland Heritage Society
Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam

**Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam** ()  (1893–1976), also known as **Azzam Pasha**, was an Egyptian diplomat and politician. He was the first Secretary General of the Arab League, from 22 March 1945 to September 1952.

## References
Abdul Khalek Hassouna

**Mohammed Abdul Khalek Hassouna** () (October 28, 1898 – January 20, 1992) was an Egyptian diplomat. He is the second Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1952 to 1972.

## Honour
### Foreign honour
*  : Honorary Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (1965)

## References
Mahmoud Riad

**Mahmoud Riad** () (January 8, 1917 – January 25, 1992) was an Egyptian diplomat.  He was Egyptian ambassador to United Nations from 1962 to 1964, Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1964 to 1972, and Secretary-General of the League of Arab States from 1972 to 1979.

## Honour
### Foreign honour
*  : Honorary Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (1965)

## References
Chedli Klibi

**Chedli Klibi** (الشاذلي القليبي), (September 6, 1925 &ndash; May 13, 2020) was a Tunisian politician. He was Secretary General of the Arab League from March 1979 to September 1990. He was the only non-Egyptian to become Secretary-General.

Klibi became the Tunisian Minister of Cultural Affairs (1961 - 1970, 1971 - 1973, 1976 - 1978) under the chairmanship of Habib Bourguiba, then chief of staff to the president from 1974 to 1976 before being Minister of Information from 1978 to 1979. He also was mayor of Carthage from 1963 to 1990.

Klibi died in Tunis on May 13, 2020, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
*"Danger of division, *Humanity*, September 5 1990
Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid

**Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid** (&lrm;; 22 March 1923 – 21 December 2013) was an Egyptian diplomat. He was the Foreign Minister of Egypt between 1984 and 1991, and as the Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1991 until 2001.

He died in Cairo on 21 December 2013, at the age of 90.

## References
Amr Moussa

**Amr Moussa** (, , **Amr Muhammad Moussa**; born 3 October 1936) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat. He was the Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1 June 2001 to 1 June 2011.

Moussa worked in the government of Egypt as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 2001. On 8 September 2013, he was elected president of the committee of 50 that will amend the Egyptian constitution.

## References
## Other websites
* Amre Moussa Presidential Campaign Website  (Arabic)
* Amre Moussa Official Facebook Page  (Arabic)
* Secretary-General at League of Arab States (Arabic)
*
Ahmed Aboul Gheit

**Ahmed Aboul Gheit** (, also: **Abu al-Ghayt**, **Abu El Gheyt**, etc.) (born 12 June 1942) is an Egyptian diplomat. He is the 8th and current Secretary-General of the Arab League since July 2016.

## Career 
Aboul-Gheit was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Egypt from 11 July 2004 to 6 March 2011. He was Egypt's Permanent Representative to the United Nations.

## References
Ronnie Moore (speedway rider)

**Ronald Leslie Moore**  (8 March 1933 – 18 August 2018) was an Australian-born New Zealand international speedway rider. He won the Individual World Speedway Championship twice, in 1954 and 1959. 

Moore was born in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. He died on 18 August 2018 from lung cancer at age 85.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Barry Briggs

**Barry Briggs** MBE (born 30 December 1934) is a former Speedway rider. He was born in Christchurch, New Zealand. He won the World Individual Championship title four times – in 1957, 1958, 1964 and 1966. He appeared in a record 17 consecutive World Individual finals (1954–70).

Briggs retired from British league racing in 1972 after an accident, but returned in 1974, then announcing in 1975 that this would be his last season yet retired in 1976.

In 1973 Briggs was awarded an MBE for his services to sport and in 1990 he was added into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame.

## References
## Other websites
*New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame
The Ed Sullivan Show

.]]
 and The Beatles on the show in 1964. From the left side of the screen to the right side of the screen; Ringo Starr, George Harrison, Ed Sullivan, John Lennon, Paul McCartney.]]
***The Ed Sullivan Show*** was an American television variety show that ran on CBS from June 20, 1948, to June 6, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. The show was originally known as ***Toast Of The Town*** in the 1940s and in the 1950s. 

The Ed Sullivan Show was known for introducing and giving a bigger name for acts such as Elvis Presley, The Jackson 5, and more infamously, The Beatles.

It was replaced in September 1971 by the *CBS Sunday Night Movie*.

In 2002, *The Ed Sullivan Show* was ranked #15 on *TV Guide*s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.

## References
Rotten borough

, 1829]]

A **rotten borough**, was a type of parliamentary borough in the UK, before the Reform Act 1832. 

It had a very small electorate and could be used by its "owner" or patron to get a seat in Parliament in the House of Commons without any opposition. The same terms were used for similar boroughs in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland.

Old Sarum in Wiltshire (pictured) was the most notorious pocket borough. It was owned by the Pitt family from the mid-17th century until 1802. One of its Members of Parliament was Prime Minister William Pitt the Elder. In 1802 the Pitt family sold it for £60,000, much more than the land itself was worth.

An even more striking example was Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, who controlled eleven boroughs. The Reform Act of 1832 put an end to this sort of thing. 

## Notes
Jack Costanzo

**Jack Costanzo** (September 24, 1919 &ndash; August 18, 2018), was an American percussionist, dancer, composer, bandleader and actor. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Costanzo was known for his works with Marlon Brando, Rita Moreno and for his appearances on *The Ed Sullivan Show*. Costanzo formed his own band in the 1950s which recorded and toured internationally. 

Costanzo died of complications from an aneurysm at his home in Lakeside, California on August 18, 2018, aged 98.

## References
## Other websites
*[ Jack Costanzo] at Allmusic.com
*
Lakeside, California

**Lakeside** is a census designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California.  The population was 21,152 at the 2020 census. It is located near San Diego, California.

## References
Peter Tapsell (British politician)

**Sir Peter Hannay Bailey Tapsell** (1 February 1930 – 18 August 2018) was a British Conservative Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for Louth and Horncastle. He was born in Hove, Sussex, England.

Tapsell was in the House of Commons from 1966 until 2015 and was also an MP from 1959 to 1964. He was Father of the House between 2010 and 2015.

Tapsell died on 18 August 2018, age 88.

## References
Kingdom of Egypt

The **Kingdom of Egypt** ( ''*, "the Egyptian Kingdom") was the *de jure* independent Egyptian state created under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1922.

The kingdom was created after the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence by the United Kingdom. Until the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, the Kingdom was only somewhat independent, since the British had control of foreign relations, communications, the military and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. 

Between 1936 and 1952, the British continued to have military presence and political advisers, at a reduced level.

The kingdom was known for corruption. This led to the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 by the Free Officers Movement. In 1953 the monarchy was formally abolished and the Republic of Egypt was established. 

The legal status of Sudan was only resolved in 1954, when Egypt and Britain agreed that it should be granted independence in 1956.

## References
## Other websites
* Tignore, Robert L. *Egypt: A Short History'' (2011) online
Pope Symmachus

**Pope Symmachus** was pope from 498 to 514 and succeeded by Pope Hormisdas. Symmachus is Born in Sardinia, Vandal Kingdom. His birth date is unknown. He died in 514 and he is Saint of the Catholic Church. His Feast day is on July 19.

## Other websites 
**Catholic Encyclopedia*, Pope St. Symmachus (498–514) (1913).
Bazlur Rahman Badal

**Bazlur Rahman Badal** (1921/1922 – 19 August 2018) was a Bangladeshi dancer. He was awarded Shilpakala Padak in 2014 and Independence Day Award in 2017. He was known for his dances inspired from the poem *Bidrohi* of Kazi Nazrul Islam. 

Badal died on 19 August 2018 in Rajshahi, Bangladesh of pneumonia complicated from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the age of 95.

## References
Rafael Calventi

**Rafael Calventi Gaviño** (18 March 1932 - 19 August 2018) was a Dominican architect and diplomat. He was born in La Vega, Dominica. In 1996 he joined the Dominican diplomatic corps and was the ambassador to Italy, Mexico, Argentina and Germany.

Calventi was deputy Director of the Office of the National District of Urban Planning and Design Chief of the Directorate of Buildings in the Ministry of Public Works and Communications of the Dominican Republic (SEOPEC).

Calventi was the first director of the Dominican School of Architecture, between 1966 and 1968. There he was a professor of Architectural Composition and Theory of Architecture. He was also one of the founders of the Technological Institute of Santo Domingo (INTEC) in the 1972.

Calventi died in Berlin on 19 August 2018 from a heart attack, aged 86.

## References
Seymour Hersh

**Seymour Myron **"**Sy**"** Hersh** (born April 8, 1937) is an American journalist and political writer. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He is a longtime contributor to *The New Yorker* and has also written for the *London Review of Books* since 2013.

He won the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. During the 1970s, Hersh covered Watergate for *The New York Times*. In 2004, he received the George Orwell Award.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Ubben Lecture at DePauw University; December 9, 1997
* Seymour Hersh Interviewed by Mehdi Hasan
* "Current State of Investigating Reporting", talk given at BU, May 19 2009
Filippo Grandi

**Filippo Grandi** (born 1957) is an Italian diplomat. Between 2010 and 2014, he was Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).

On November 11, 2015, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced his plans to appoint Grandi as the next United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to take office in 2016.

## References
Poul Hartling

**Poul Hartling** (14 August 1914 – 30 April 2000) was a Danish diplomat and politician. He was born in Copenhagen. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Denmark from 1973 to 1975. He was also the 5th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1978 to 1985.

In 1981 Hartling accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the UNHCR.

Hartling died on 30 April 2000 in Copenhagen at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Hartling's gravestone
Sarkar (2018 movie)

***Sarkar*** is a 2018 Indian Tamil language political action thriller film starring Vijay, Keerthy Suresh and Varalaxmi Sarathkumar in lead roles. The movie is co-written by B.Jeyamohan and AR Murugadoss and directed by AR Murugadoss with music composed by A.R. Rahman with cinematography by Girish Gangadharan, edited by A. Sreekar Prasad and produced by Kalanithi Maran under the banner* Sun Pictures*.

The movie began production in January 2018, and is scheduled to be released in November 2018, coinciding with Diwali.

## Cast 
* Vijay
* Keerthy Suresh
* Varalaxmi Sarathkumar
* Prem Kumar 
* Radha Ravi 
* Pala. Karuppiah

## Production 
Following the successful *Thuppakki* and *Kaththi*, AR Murugadoss has confirmed to be the director of the 62nd movie of actor Vijay. The project, tentatively titled ''Vijay's 62*, is slated to enter production once Vijay completes *Mersal* and A R Murugadoss completes *Spyder*.

With a schedule of 3-month pre-production work, the shooting of the movie was scheduled to commence during January 2018 and also it is said to be a Diwali-2018 release. Girish Gangadharan of *Kali*, *Angamaly Diaries* and the recent *Solo* fame has supposedly been roped in to crank the camera-work for the movie.

In mid-November 2017, it was reported that actor Yogi Babu is in talks to play a role in the movie and Nayanthara is in talks to be the female lead, also A. R. Rahman is been in talks to compose the music of the movie. A. Sreekar Prasad who has previously edited *Thuppakki* and *Kaththi'' has been confirmed as the movie's editor.

In early-December 2017, T. Santhanam has been roped in as the art director of the movie, and following this, it was made official that *Sun Pictures* is producing the movie. Before the title was revealed on 21 June 2018, it was referred to by the media as *Thalapathy 62*, as it is the 62nd movie starring Vijay who is commonly called "Thalapathy" (commander) by fans. Keerthy Suresh  was later signed to play the female lead role and Varalaxmi Sarathkumar was also confirmed, playing a pivotal role. B. Jeyamohan was recruited as writer, and shooting began in January 2018. The team have successfully completed the first and second schedules of the shoot, and were set to begin their third schedule in the US in early August 1st week.

## Music 
The music of the film is composed by A. R. Rahman, The audio was launched on 2 October 2018.

## References 
**Notes**

## Other websites 
*
Jean-Pierre Hocké

**Jean-Pierre Hocké** (31 March 1938 &ndash; 28 July 2021) was a Swiss International Red Cross staff member  and United Nations official. He was born in Lausanne. He was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1986 to 1989. He was nominated by Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar. Prior to that function he was Director of Operations of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) from 1973 to 1985 .

During his term of office, the crisis over refugees from Indochina, the so-called boatpeople, continued. The Comprehensive Plan of Action for Refugees from Indochina was  developed during this period. It  created procedural plans for a regional refugee status and the promotion of return to Vietnam for Vietnamese boat people not qualifying for refugee status He also helped plan out a peace process in Central America called the "CIREFCA Process".

At the end of his term, a scandal broke revealing that Hocké spent between $32,000 and $96,000 a year from Denmark's contribution on his entertainment and travel without informing the Danish Government or asking its permission.

## References
## Other websites
* Jean-Pierre Hocké (1986–1989) Biography at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees website
* United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees (rulers.org)
Sadruddin Aga Khan

**Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan**, KBE, KCSS (, ,  1933 –  2003) was an Iranian prince and diplomat. He was the son of Aga Khan III.

Khan was known as the 4th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1977. He helped shift the focus beyond Europe and prepared it for fix and aide hard refugee issues. He was a strong supporter that the United Nations should work alone.

Khan died of cancer on 12 May 2003 in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 70.

## References
Félix Schnyder

**Félix Schnyder** (5 March 1910 – 8 November 1992) was a Swiss lawyer and diplomat. He was Chairman of UNICEF in 1960 and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1960 to 1965.

## References
Auguste R. Lindt

**August R. Lindt** (5 August 1905 &ndash; 14 April 2000), also known as **Auguste R. Lindt**, was a Swiss lawyer and diplomat. He was Chairman of UNICEF from 1953 to 1954 and as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1956 to 1960. He was an adviser to the President of Rwanda from 1973 to 1975.

## References
## Other websites
*Rolf Wilhelm (ed.): *August R. Lindt: Patriot und Weltbürger*. Haupt Verlag, Bern 2003, .
Prime Minister of the Netherlands

The **Prime Minister of the Netherlands** () is the head of the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands. They are also the head of the Council of Ministers. 

The Prime Minister is *de facto* the head of government of the Netherlands and creates its policy with his cabinet. The current Dutch Prime Minister is Rob Jetten, in office since 2026.

## List
## References
Tansen

**Tansen** (c. 1500 – 26 April 1586), also known to as **Tan Sen** or **Ramtanu**, was a well known person of North Indian (Hindustani) classical music. He was born in a Hindu family in the historic city of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh (The city known for its rich music heritage). He learned and perfected and mastered his art in the Gwalior region of modern Madhya Pradesh under Swami Haridas.  Tansen was the title given to him by Raja Vikramjit of Gwalior. He rose to fame and spent most of his adult life in the court and  of the Hindu king of Bandhavgarh (Rewa), Raja Ramchandra Singh (r.1555–1592). He became famous for his musical abilities and studies. Mughal Emperor Akbar sent messengers to Raja Ramchandra Singh , requesting Tansen to join the musicians at the Mughal court. In 1562, about the age of 60, the Vaishnava musician Tansen joined the Akbar court.

Tansen was a composer, musician and vocalist. He has been  for large number of compositions in northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. He was also an instrumentalist who made musical instruments better and popular. Akbar considered him as a Navaratnas (nine jewels). He gave him the title Mian in his honor, meaning learned man.

There are many legends about Tansen in Akbar court historian accounts and *gharana* literature. Other legends talk about his ability to communicate with animals through his music. Once, a white elephant was captured, but it was wild and could not be controlled. Finally, Tansen sang to the elephant who calmed down and the emperor was able to ride him.

## References
Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart

**Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart** (19 March 1901 &ndash; 8 July 1956) was a Dutch politician and diplomat. He was the first United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1951 to 1956.

## Awards
*Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 1949.
*Nobel Peace Prize, 1954 (awarded to the UNHCR).
*Wateler Peace Prize, 1956.

## References
## Other websites
*Parlement.com (Parlementair Documentatie Centrum, Leiden University)
National Institute of Culture

The **National Institute of Culture of Peru (INC)** is a government organization in Peru. It is a part of the Ministry of Education. It is in the Peruvian capital of Lima.

## Objectives 
The institute's objectives are to promote culture.

## References 
* Instituto Nacional de Cultura del Perú
Reggie Joiner

**Reggie Joiner** (born August 20, 1960), was the CEO and founder of **Orange**, a division of The reThink Group, Inc, until voluntarily resigning after admitting to having inappropriate relationships with females, including the newly appointed CEO Kristen Ivy, who also is no longer employed by Orange. He is also one of the founders of North Point Community Church, where he served as the executive director of Family Ministry for 11 years.

## Personal life 
Joiner lives in Cumming, Georgia with his wife Debbie, where they raised four children into adulthood: Reggie Paul, Hannah, Sarah, and Rebekah.

The reThink board of directors issued a statement on April 17, 2024, acknowledging “past inappropriate adult relationships” on Joiner’s part but did not describe the nature or extent of the alleged abuse. The board’s handling of the allegations, as well as the independence of the investigation conducted by its legal counsel, has been criticized by survivors and advocates.

As of April 2025, no criminal charges have been publicly reported, but the allegations have prompted widespread conversation about abuse of power in ministry settings and the need for better accountability structures in faith-based organizations.

## Authored books 
**Lead Small: Five Big Ideas Every Small Group Leader Needs to Know*. Orange, 2012. .
*''It's Just a Phase-So Don't Miss It: Why Every Life Stage of a Kid Matters and at Least 13 Things Your Church Should Do About It*. Orange, 2015. 
**A New Kind of Leader: What You Believe Can Open a Door for a Kid or Teenager's Future*. Orange, 2016. .
**Parenting Beyond Your Capacity: Connect Your Family to a Wider Community*. Orange, 2015. .
**Don't Miss It: Parent Every Week Like It Counts''. Orange, 2016. .

## References 
*Penguin Random House

## Other websites 
* Think Orange
SS Eastland

The '*SS *Eastland'''* was a passenger ship based in Chicago and used for tours on the Chicago River. On July 24, 1915, the ship rolled over onto her side while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. 

A total of 844 passengers and crew were killed in what was the largest loss of life from a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes.

After the disaster, *Eastland* was saved and sold to the United States Navy. After restorations and modifications, *Eastland* was designated a gunboat and renamed USS *Wilmette''. She was used primarily as a training vessel on the Great Lakes, and was scrapped after World War II.

## References
Jimmy McIlroy

**James McIlroy** MBE (25 October 1931 – 20 August 2018) was a Northern Irish footballer. He was born in Lambeg, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. He made his international debut in 1951.

McIlroy played for Glentoran, Burnley, Stoke City and Oldham Athletic. He was thought of as one of the Burnley Football Club's greatest players. He played 497 matches and scoring 131 goals. He managed Oldham Athletic and Bolton Wanderers.

McIlroy died on 20 August 2018 at the age of 86.

## Career statistics
### Playing career
Source:

:A.&nbsp; The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the European Cup and FA Charity Shield.

### Managerial career
### International
Source:

### International goals
''Scores and results list Northern Ireland's goal tally first. ''

## Honours
; Burnley
* First Division champions: 1959–60
* FA Cup runner-up: 1962

; Stoke City
* Second Division champions: 1962–63

## References
Louis Jolliet

**Louis Jolliet** (September 21, 1645last seen May 1700) was a French-Canadian explorer. He was known for his discoveries in North America. Jolliet and Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first non-Natives to explore and map the Mississippi River in 1673. 

This journey would lead them to present-day Chicago River and discovered an area near a portage which would later be known as Chicago.

## References
Gia Carangi

**Gia Carangi** (January 29, 1960 &ndash; November 18, 1986) was an American fashion model during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Many people believe she was the first supermodel.

## Modeling career 
Carangi was on the cover of fashion magazines, including many editions of *Vogue* and *Cosmopolitan*, and appeared in advertising campaigns for such fashion houses as Armani, Christian Dior, Versace, and Yves Saint Laurent.

## Illness and death 
Carangi, a heroin addict, died of AIDS-related complications at the age of 26. She was one of the first famous women to die of the disease.

## References
Chicago Portage

The **Chicago Portage** is a water gap, and in the past, it was sometimes a wind-gap portage, connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes. 

The Chicago Portage cuts through the Valparaiso Moraine, crossing the Saint Lawrence River Divide. The saddle point of the gap is within the city of Chicago, and the Chicago Portage is a reason Chicago exists and has developed to become very important city that it is.

The official flag of the city of Chicago includes four red stars which represents city history, separating two blue stripes symbolizing the waters that meet at the city.

## References
Washington County

**Washington County** is the name of several counties in the United States:

*Washington County, Alabama
*Washington County, Arkansas
*Washington County, Colorado
*Washington County, Florida
*Washington County, Georgia
*Washington County, Idaho
*Washington County, Illinois
*Washington County, Indiana
*Washington County, Iowa
*Washington County, Kansas
*Washington County, Kentucky
*Washington Parish, Louisiana
*Washington County, Maine
*Washington County, Maryland
*Washington County, Minnesota
*Washington County, Mississippi

*Washington County, Missouri
*Washington County, Nebraska
*Washington County, New York
*Washington County, North Carolina
*Washington County, Ohio
*Washington County, Oklahoma
*Washington County, Oregon
*Washington County, Pennsylvania
*Washington County, Rhode Island
*Washington County, Tennessee
*Washington County, Texas
*Washington County, Utah
*Washington County, Vermont
*Washington County, Virginia
*Washington County, Wisconsin