open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Oliver Smithies

**Oliver Smithies** (23 June 1925 &ndash; 10 January 2017) was a British-American geneticist and Nobel laureate,

He invented gel electrophoresis in 1955, which is now one of the basic techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology.

Much later, he worked on the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA. This is the most reliable method of altering animal genomes at present, and the technique behind gene targeting and knockout mice.

Martin Evans and Mario Capecchi were also working on this idea, and they were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2007.

## References
Reasonable accommodation

**Reasonable accommodation** is a necessary aid or support for persons with disabilities or other persons in weak situations, such as minority groups, but not to make an unreasonable burden on the society. This idea is born in American and Canadian lawsuits to abolish discrimination on the job and is also used by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Article 2.

## Related pages
*Disability
*Accessibility
*Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

## Notes
True Jackson, VP

***True Jackson, VP*** is an American teen sitcom created by Andy Gordon for Nickelodeon. The series starred Keke Palmer, Ashley Argota, Matt Shively, Danielle Bisutti, Greg Proops, Robbie Amell, and Ron Butler. It aired from November 8, 2008, to August 20, 2011.
## Cast
*Keke Palmer as True Jackson
*Ashley Argota as Lulu
*Matt Shively as Ryan Leslie Laserbeam
*Danielle Bisutti as Amanda Cantwell
*Greg Proops as Max Madigan
*Ron Butler as Oscar
*Robbie Amell as Jimmy Madigan

## Other websites
*True Jackson, VP's Official Website
Calhoun County, Mississippi

**Calhoun County** is a county in Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 13,266 people lived there.

## References
Ritchie Valens

**Richard Steven Valenzuela, **better known as **Ritchie Valens** (May 13, 1941 - February 3, 1959) was a Native-Latino American singer-songwriter and musician. He died with Buddy Holly, and "Big Bopper" Richardson in a plane crash in Iowa on 3 February 1959, in an event that would become known as The Day the Music Died. He was 17 years old.

He was born in San Fernando Valley to Native Latin-American parents. Mr. Valens has Yaqui Native Latin-American ancestry from his mom’s side.

Valens most notable work include recordings of “La Bamba” a Mexican folk song which became a hit in the U.S. “Donna” a song dedicated to his friend and the phrase “Come on let’s go”

## References
Calhoun County, South Carolina

**Calhoun County** is a county in South Carolina. The population was 14,119 at the 2020 census. It is the third least populated county in South Carolina. The county seat is St. Matthews.

Calhoun County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## References
Kenny vs. Spenny

***Kenny vs. Spenny*** was a Canadian reality-comedy television series created by Kenny Hotz. It starred Kenny Hotz and Spencer Rice.

The series had six seasons and ran from August 26, 2003 to December 23, 2010. Matt Stone and Trey Parker, creators of *South Park*, were executive producers for 10 episodes in the fourth season of the show. The series was about two friends who competed in numerous competitions. The loser of the competition would have to do a humiliation that the winner picked out. The show ended with an hour-long Christmas special that aired on December 23, 2010 on Showcase. Hotz and Rice reunited in 2021 for a special on CBC titled *Kenny & Spenny: Paldemic*. It was nominated for Best Host, Web Program or Series at the 2021 Canadian Screen Awards. There have been attempts to bring the show back for a seventh season. Hotz said that he wanted Netflix to help with a new season after seeing the success of the revived *Trailer Park Boys*.

The show spawned many many replicas including *Frank vs Girard* in French Canadian on VRAK.TV, *Ed vs. Spencer* in the United Kingdom, *Juan vs. Roman* in Latin America, *Elton vs. Simon* in Germany, *Katja vs. Bridget* and *Dennis vs. Valerio* in the Netherlands, and *Sid vs. Varun* in India.

TV.com rated the series a 8.4. It was ranked as at #8 among the top 10 Canadian television shows of the 21st century.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*
*
International Tennis Federation

The **International Tennis Federation** is the group that was created to govern world tennis. This means they decide on rules and make sure they are done.
Siouan languages

The **Siouan languages** (also known as **Siouan proper** or **Western Siouan**) are a group of Native American languages. The Siouan languages are spoken in central North America.
1000 Ways to Die

***1000 Ways to Die*** is an American docufiction black comedy series which was first shown on the Television Channel *Spike TV* on May 14, 2008. It shows unusual deaths and uses black humor.

## Cast 
* Thom Beers in the Pilot of the U.S. broadcast
* Ron Perlman in the Seasons 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the U.S. broadcast
* Alisdair Simpson in the Pilot & series 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the UK broadcast

## Seasons 
## Sources 
## Other websites 
* 1000 Ways to Die at Spike.com
Crisis

A **crisis** is a situation which is difficult, unexpected, or an emergency. It is often an important "turning point", where a decision must be taken, affecting many people. Very often, this decision must be taken in relatively little time. The word is related to the Greek *κρίσις* (krisis). Examples include the sudden threat of war, or the occurrence of a natural disaster.

According to Steven Fink, a crisis manager, crises may: 
# be difficult to control 
# the focus of mass media, or government attention
# interfere with regular business 

Crises occur in different fields. People may develop post-traumatic stress disorder, because they cannot deal with a crisis situation. Many countries and associations offer help lines, which can help people deal with a crisis situation. 

## Other page 
*Existential crisis
Dust storm

, in 1935.]]
A **dust storm**, or **sandstorm**, is a storm of small particles of sand and dirt. Dust storms happen when a strong wind front blows loose sand and dust from a dry surface. Particles are picked up and  in the air, causing soil erosion where they were. The wind drops them in another place where they can form loess, a kind of silt.
Jabiru

The **Jabiru** (***Jabiru mycteria***) is a large stork found in the Americas from Mexico to Argentina, except west of the Andes. It is most common in the Pantanal region of Brazil and the Eastern Chaco region of Paraguay. It is the only member of the genus *Jabiru*. The name comes from the Tupi-Guaraní language and means "swollen neck".
Mashhad

**Mashhad** () is a city in the Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. Mashhad is the second largest city in Iran. It is close to Iran's border with Afghanistan and Turkmenistan.

Mashhad is primarily known as the resting place of Imam Reza and also the great Persian poet, Ferdowsi.

## History
Before the 9th century, Mashhad was a small village but became prosperous after imam Reza was killed and buried there by Al-Ma'mun the Abbasid caliph. Mashhad turned into a famous town, in the time of Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty  (1501) and later Nader Shah of his Empire chose Mashhad as his capital. Mashhad has remained one of Iran's most important cities to this day even with the relocation of the capital to Tehran.

## Related pages
* List of cities in Iran

## References
Greensboro, North Carolina

**Greensboro** is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It has about 300,000 people and is growing. Greensboro is near Winston Salem and High Point in an area called The Triad. It is in Guilford County.

## History
Greensboro was started in 1808. It was built in the middle of Guilford County. It grew slowly, but was rich because of cotton. In the 1840s, a railroad was built going through Greensboro, making it grow faster. The Civil War did not hurt Greensboro much.

In the early 1900s, Greensboro grew a lot because of textiles. They also became rich.

A lot of stuff happened during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s in Greensboro, including a sit-in at a counter in a restaurant.

Now, Greensboro continues to grow, and is located at the intersection of two big freeways, Interstate 40 and I-85.

## References
Ophiuchus (disambiguation)

**Ophiuchus** is the name of a constellation Ophiuchus, a person holding a snake.

**Ophiuchus** also may mean:

* Ophiuchus_(band) is an English folk band.
* Ophiuchus_(astrology) is a sign in the Western zodiac.
Christie Brinkley

**Christie Brinkley** (born February 2, 1954) is an American model, actress, writer and designer. She was born Christie Lee Hudson in Monroe, Michigan. She moved to Los Angeles, California and changed her surname to that of her stepfather, writer Don Brinkley (1921–2012). She has appeared on magazine covers many times and has a long contract with CoverGirl (the longest of any model in history). All her four marriages ended in divorce. Her second marriage was to singer Billy Joel and lasted from 1985–1994. Their daughter Alexa Ray Joel (born 1985) is her eldest child and is a musician. Brinkley also has a son by her third husband and a daughter by her fourth.

On March 12, 2024, Brinkley announced on Instagram that she had basal cell carcinoma, a form of skin cancer and had surgery to remove it.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
List of cities in Iran

This is a list of cities in Iran.

## cities by population
## list of cities
### A
* Abadan 
* Abadeh 
* Abyek 
* Abhar 
* Abyaneh 
* Ahar 
* Ahvaz 
* Alavi 
* Aligudarz 
* Alvand 
* Amlash 
* Amol 
* Andimeshk 
* Andisheh 
* Arak 
* Ardabil 
* Ardakan 
* Asalem 
* Asalouyeh 
* Ashkezar 
* Ashlagh 
* Ashtiyan 
* Astaneh Arak 
* Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh 
* Astara

### B
* Babol
* Babolsar
* Baharestan
* Balov
* Bam
* Bampur
* Bandar Abbas
* Bandar Anzali
* Bandar Charak
* Bandar Imam
* Bandar Kong
* Bandar Lengeh
* Bandar Torkman
* Baneh
* Bastak
* Behbahan
* Behshahr
* Bijar
* Binalud
* Birjand
* Bistam
* Bojnourd
* Bonab
* Borazjan
* Borujerd
* Bukan
* Bushehr

### D
* Damghan
* Darab
* Dargaz
* Daryan
* Darreh Shahr
* Deylam
* Deyr
* Dezful
* Dezghan
* Dibaj
* Doroud

### E
* Eghlid
* Esfarayen
* Eslamabad
* Eslamshahr
* Evaz

### F
* Farahan
* Fasa
* Ferdows
* Feshk
* Firouzabad
* Fouman

### G
* Gachsaran
* Garmeh-Jajarm
* Garmsar
* Ghale Ganj
* Gerash
* Genaveh
* Ghaemshahr
* Golbahar
* Golpayegan
* Gonabad
* Gonbad-e Kavous
* Gorgan

### H
* Hamadan
* Hashtgerd 
* Hashtpar
* Hashtrud
* Heris
* Hidaj

### I
* Ij
* Ilam
* Iranshahr
* Isfahan
* Islamshahr
* Izadkhast
* Izeh

### J
* Jajarm
* Jask
* Jahrom
* Jaleq
* Javanroud
* Jiroft
* Jolfa

### K
* Kahnuj
* Kamyaran
* Kangan
* Kangavar
* Karaj
* Kashan
* Kashmar
* Kazeroun
* Kerman
* Kermanshah
* Khalkhal
* Khomein
* Khomeynishahr
* Khonj
* Khormuj
* Khorramabad
* Khorramshahr
* Khorashad
* Koumleh
* Khvoy
* Kilan
* Kish
* Koker
* Kosar
* Kordkuy
* Kong
* Kuhdasht

### L
* Laft 
* Lahijan 
* Langaroud 
* Lar
* Latian 
* Lavasan

### M
* Mahabad
* Mahan
* Mahshahr
* Majlesi
* Maku
* Malard
* Malayer
* Manjil
* Manoojan
* Maragheh
* Marand
* Marivan
* Marvdasht
* Masal
* Mashhad
* Masjed Soleyman
* Mehran
* Meshkinshahr
* Meybod
* Miandoab
* Mianeh
* Minab
* Minoodasht
* Mohajeran

### N
* Naghadeh
* Nahavand
* Nain
* Najafabad
* Namin
* Natanz
* Nazarabad
* Neishabur
* Nir
* Nowshahr
* Nurabad

### O
* Omidiyeh 
* Oshnaviyeh 
* Oskou
* Ormand
* Orumiyeh

### P
* Pakdasht
* Parand
* Pardis
* Parsabad
* Paveh
* Piranshahr
* Pishva
* Poldasht
* Poulad-shahr

### Q
* Qaemshahr
* Qaen
* Qamsar
* Qasr-e Shirin
* Qazvin (city)
* Qods
* Qom
* Qorveh
* Quchan

### R
* Rafsanjan
* Ramin
* Ramsar
* Ramshar
* Rasht
* Ray
* Rezvanshahr
* Roudbar
* Roodbar-e-Jonoub
* Roudsar
* Runiz

### S
* Sabzevar
* Sadra
* Sahand
* Salmas
* Sanandaj
* Saqqez
* Sarab
* Sarableh
* Sarakhs
* Saravan
* Sardasht
* Sari
* Saveh
* Senejan
* Semnan
* Shabestar
* Shaft
* Shahinshahr
* Shahr-e Kord
* Shahrezā
* Shahriar
* Shahroud
* Shahsavar
* Shiraz
* Shirvan
* Shushtar
* Siahkal
* Sirjan
* Sourmagh
* Sowme'eh Sara
* Sarpole Zahab
* Shahriar

### T
* Tabas
* Tabriz
* Tafresh
* Takab
* Tehran
* Tis
* Torbat-e Heydarieh
* Torbat-e Jam
* Touyserkan
* Tous

### V
* Varamin

### Y
* Yasouj
* Yazd

### Z
* Zabol
* Zahedan
* Zanjan
* Zarand
* Zarrinshahr

## Related pages
* Iran
* Tehran

## References
## Sources
* Lists by province
Vancouver Grizzlies

The **Vancouver Grizzlies** were a Canadian professional basketball team that played in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team started playing in 1995. They started with the Toronto Raptors, as part of the NBA's expansion into Canada. They relocated to Memphis, Tennessee in 2001 and became the Memphis Grizzlies. The Grizzlies played their home games at the General Motors Place (Now Rogers Arena). The Grizzlies were originally going to be called the **Vancouver Mounties** but were forced to find a new name because the RCMP objected it.

The team had struggled in their early years and they finished last in their division in five of their six seasons. Over their six seasons, they had an overall record of 101 wins and 359 loses and were never able to make it to the playoffs.

After the 1998–99 lockout, the team suffered low attendance and a weak Canadian dollar was making the owner Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment lose money on the franchise. After they failed to sell the team to Bill Laurie, it was instead sold to Michael Heisley. At the time, Heisley said that he was going to keep the team in Vancouver, but he then immediately started looking for a suitable relocation city in the US. He would eventually move the team to Memphis, Tennessee for the 2001-02 season.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website (Archived)
*Vancouver Grizzlies history at sportsecyclopedia.com
Rango (2011 movie)

***Rango*** is a 2011 American computer-animated western comedy film directed by Gore Verbinski and produced by Verbinski, Graham King and John B. Carls. The film was released on March 4, 2011. It was positively received from the audience. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.

## Cast 
*Johnny Depp as Rango, a chameleon
*Isla Fisher as Beans, a desert iguana
*James Ward Bykrit as Waffles, a horned lizard
*Abigail Breslin as Priscilla, a cactus mouse
*Alfred Molina as Roadkill, a nine-banded armadillo
*Bill Nighy as Rattlesnake Jake, a western diamondback rattlesnake
*Harry Dean Stanton as Balthazar, a mole
*Maile Flanagan as Lucky
*Ray Winstone as Bad Bill, a Gila monster
*Ned Beatty as John, a desert tortoise
*Timothy Olyphant as The Spirit of the West
*Alanna Ubach as Fresca
*Lew Temple as Furgus
*Ian Abercrombie as Ambrose
*Stephen Root as Doc and Merrimack
*John Cothran, Jr. as Elgin
*Beth Grant as Bonnie
*Gil Birmingham as Wounded Bird
*Blake Clark as Buford
*Joe Nunez as Rockeye
*Daisy Eckersley as Melonee
*Alex Manugian as Spoons
*Logan Grove as Mouse Boy #1
*Kwesi Boakye as Mouse Boy #2
*Kyla Rae Kowalewski as Mouse Girl

## Other websites 
*Rango's Official website 
*
Abigail Breslin

**Abigail Kathleen Breslin** (born April 14, 1996) is an American actress. Breslin was born in New York City, New York. She first appeared in the 2002 science fiction movie, *Signs*. Breslin had her breakthrough role in the 2006 comedy-drama *Little Miss Sunshine* where she played Olive Hoover. At age 10, she was one of the youngest people to be  for an Academy Award.

## Personal life 
In April 2017, Breslin revealed that she has been diagnosed with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after she was raped by an ex-boyfriend.

On January 28, 2023, Breslin announced that she married Ira Kunyansky.

## Movies 
## References
## Other websites 
*
Big Dipper (disambiguation)

**Big Dipper** is the American name for the seven brightest stars of Ursa Major. It is called the Plough in Britain.

**Big Dipper** also may refer to:
* Big Dipper, alternative name for a roller coaster ride, especially in the United Kingdom. Several roller coasters are specifically known by this name, including;
** Big Dipper (Blackpool), a wooden roller coaster at Blackpool Pleasure Beach
** Big Dipper (Geauga Lake), a wooden roller coaster at Geauga Lake
** Big Dipper (Luna Park Sydney), a wooden roller coaster operating at Luna Park Sydney from 1935 until 1981
** Cyclone (Dreamworld), a steel roller coaster which operated as Big Dipper at Luna Park Sydney from 1995 to 2001
* For other uses of the big dipper see Starry Plough (disambiguation)

As a nickname in sport, **Big Dipper** may also refer to:
* Wilt Chamberlain (1936–1999), American basketball player
* Melvin Turpin (1960–2010), American basketball player
* Jeff Wilkins (born 1955), American basketball player
* Robert DiPierdomenico (born 1958), Australian rules footballer 
* Chris Duncan (born 1981), American baseball player

In music:
* Big Dipper (band), a 1980s-1990s Boston alternative-rock band
* Big Dipper (Elton John song), a 1978 song by Elton John
* Big Dipper (album), a 2003 album by Drop Trio
*"Big Dipper", a song by Jethro Tull from their 1976 album ''Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die!*
*"Big Dipper", a song by Built to Spill from their 1994 album *There's Nothing Wrong with Love'' 
*Big Dipper (Michigan's Adventure)

## Related pages
* Beidou (disambiguation), Chinese name of Big Dipper
Desiccation

**Desiccation** is the state of extreme , or the process of extreme drying. 

A **desiccant** is a hygroscopic (water-attracting) substance that causes desiccation in a moderately sealed container.

## Biology 
**Desiccation tolerance** refers to the ability of an organism to withstand or endure extreme dryness, or drought-like conditions. 

Plants and animals living in arid or periodically arid environments such as temporary streams or ponds may face desiccation, therefore physiological or behavioural adaptations are necessary to ensure survival. In particular, insects occupy a wide range of ecologically diverse niches and so have a variety of strategies to avoid desiccation. 

Desiccation resistance in insects is generally measured by the change in mass during dry conditions.  The overall mass difference between measurements before and after aridity exposure is attributed to body water loss.

### Extreme cases 
**Cryptobiosis** refers to the state of an organism that has no detectable metabolic activity, resulting from extreme and unfavorable environmental conditions. **Anhydrobiosis** refers to the state of surviving the loss of (almost) all body water.

#### Tardigrades 
Tardigrades are able to live in environments that would kill most animals. In 2007, scientists discovered that some tardigrades were able to  10 days in outer space. Tardigrades can survive more than ten years without water.

#### Rotifers 
Rotifers are specialists at living in habitats where water dries up regularly. 

The Monogononta, which have males, produce fertilised 'resting eggs' which can resist desiccation (drought) for long periods. 

The Bdelloids, who have no males, contract into an inert form and lose almost all body water, a process known as *cryptobiosis*. Bdelloids can also survive the dry state for long periods: the longest well-documented dormancy is nine years. After they have dried, they may be revived by adding water.

## References
Libra

**Libra** generally refers to:

* Libra (constellation), a constellation
* Libra (astrology), an astrological sign based on the star constellation

**Libra** may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
* *Libra* (novel), a 1988 novel by Don DeLillo

### Music
* *Libra* (Gary Bartz album), 1968
* *Libra* (Julio Iglesias album), 1985  
* *Libra* (Lali album), 2020
* *Libra* (Toni Braxton album), 2005
* *The L.I.B.R.A.*, 2020 album by T.I.

### Fictional entities
* Libra Dohko, a manga *Saint Seiya* character
* Libra (Marvel Comics), Gustav Brandt, the character most commonly associated with the name
* Libra (DC Comics), a DC Comics villain who is one of the leading characters in *Final Crisis*

## Organizations
* Libra Association, an oversight body for the digital currency Diem
* Libra Group, a multinational conglomerate business based in New York and London
* LIBRA, a former Croatian liberal democratic political party that is now part of the Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats
* Libra Party, an Albanian political party
* Libra Foundation, a charitable organization in Maine, US

## Science and technology
* *Libra* (skipper), a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae
* Libra (Academic Search), a public search engine for academic papers and literature
* Libra (weight), an ancient Roman unit of weight
** Carolingian pound (), a unit of weight and coinage based on the Roman unit
* Diem (digital currency), formerly Libra, a cryptocurrency project initiated by Facebook
* Libra (Chinese astronomy)
* $Libra, a meme coin that caused a political scandal in Argentina in 2025

## Other uses
* Libra oil field, a giant oil field off the coast of Brazil
* Libra, the brand name in Australia of Libresse feminine hygiene products

## Related pages
* 
*
ICC Men's Cricket World Cup

The '''ICC Men's Cricket World Cup''' is an international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was first played in 1975, and takes place every four years. Australia are the titleholders, having won the 2023 edition in India. That was Australia's sixth title, and they are the most successful team in the tournament's history. The 2027 edition will be played across Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.

Matches are played under One Day International (ODI) rules, each team having a single innings limited to 50 overs. The same format is used in the ICC Women's Cricket World Cup, which began in 1973. The ICC has granted ODI status to twenty men's teams.

## Background
Limited overs cricket began in the 1963 English season. The Gillette Cup was launched as a knockout competition involving the county teams. It was successful, and led to the creation of a national Sunday League in 1969. The first One Day International match was played between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1971. It was a time-filler after a Test match had been rained off. Noting the popularity of limited overs, the International Cricket Council (ICC) decided to promote a World Cup competition. The ICC Women's Cricket World Cup had been launched in 1973, and the first men's tournament was held in 1975.

## Prudential Cup
The first three tournaments were hosted by England in 1975, 1979, and 1983. They were all sponsored by the Prudential insurance company, and the original trophy was called the Prudential Cup. Matches in these years were played 60 overs per team during daytime only, and with red balls. The players wore traditional white clothing. There were eight teams in each tournament. 

In 1975 and 1979, the only teams playing Test cricket were Australia, England, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, and the West Indies. Sri Lanka became a Test team in 1982. Those seven teams took part in all the Prudential Cup tournaments, and were joined by a composite East Africa team in 1975, Canada in 1979, and Zimbabwe in 1983. South Africa was banned from international cricket because of its government's apartheid policy. All three Prudential Cup finals were played at Lord's, and were won by the West Indies (1975 and 1979), and India (1983).

## Finals
The 2013 tournament was the 13th edition of the competition. This table summarises the host nations and the results of each final. Australia have won the title six times, India and the West Indies twice. Other winners have been Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and England (once apiece). England has been the sole or co-host nation five times, and India four times.

### Individual awards
In all matches played since the first tournament began in 1975, one player has always been chosen as the "man of the match". In 1992, a "Man of the Tournament" award was introduced, and has been won by the following players:

## References
## Bibliography
* 

## Other websites
*Official ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 website
*Official ICC website  
*ICC World Cup 2023 Full Details
Mike Bibby

**Michael "Mike" Bibby** (born May 13, 1978 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is a retired American basketball player who played with the Sacramento Kings of the NBA for most of his career. He attended college at University of Arizona where he played basketball with the Wildcats. Mike Bibby started his NBA career when he was drafted by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the 1998 NBA Draft with the 2nd pick in the 1st round. Bibby played 3 seasons with the Vancouver Grizzlies, 7 seasons with the Sacramento Kings, 3 seasons with the Atlanta Hawks and two games with the Washington Wizards before having his contract bought out by the Wizards on February 28, 2011. 

## References
## Other websites 
*Mike Bibby's Official website
*Mike Bibby's NBA player profile
Knockout mouse

A **knockout mouse** is a genetically engineered mouse in which one or more genes have been turned off by a gene knockout. 

Knockout mice are important animal models for studying the role of genes which have been sequenced but whose functions are not yet known. By causing a specific gene to be inactive in the mouse, and observing any differences from normal behaviour or condition, researchers can infer its probable function.

Mice are currently the most closely related laboratory animal species to humans for which the knockout technique can easily be applied. They are widely used in knockout experiments, especially those genetic questions which relate to human physiology. 

Gene knockout in rats is much harder and has only been possible since 2003.

The first knockout mouse was created by Mario R. Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies in 1989, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2007.  

A detailed explanation of how knockout (KO) mice are produced is at the website of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007.

Aspects of the technology for generating knockout mice, and the mice themselves have been patented in many countries by private companies.

## References
Water chestnut

The **Chinese water chestnut** (or **water chestnut**) is a plant,  *Eleocharis dulcis*. 

The corms of the plant are the water chestnuts. It has a crispy white flesh and can be eaten raw, slightly boiled, grilled, pickled, or tinned. This plant comes from China. They are grown in flooded paddy fields.
DeMarcus Cousins

**DeMarcus Cousins** (born August 13, 1990 in Mobile, Alabama) is a professional basketball player. He plays for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). His position is center. The Kings chose Cousins with the fifth pick in the first round of the 2010 NBA Draft. Cousins played basketball at the University of Kentucky with the Wildcats.

## Career highlights
* He was selected to the McDonald's All-American team selection in 2009.
* He was selected to the Jordan Brand High School All-American team selection in 2009.
* He was named the 2009–10 SEC Freshman of the Year.
* He was named the Rookie of the Month in July of 2010.
Gene knockout

A **gene knockout** is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is switched off or replaced by one which does not work. 

The organisms, such as knockout mice, are used to learn about a gene that has been sequenced, but whose function is unknown or incompletely known. Researchers draw inferences from the difference between the knockout organism and normal individuals. Knockout is often abbreviated as **KO**.

**Gene knock-in** is the opposite term. There a gene is switched on, or a working gene inserted.

## Method
Knockout is accomplished through a combination of techniques. It starts in the test tube with a plasmid, or other DNA construct, and proceeding to cell culture. 

Individual cells are genetically transformed with the DNA construct. Often the goal is to create an animal that has the altered gene. 

If so, embryonic stem cells are genetically transformed and inserted into early embryos. Resulting animals with the genetic change in their germline cells can then often pass the gene knockout to future generations.
Temple Square

**Temple Square** is a National Historic Landmark and religious center in Salt Lake City, Utah, and is owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  Temple Square contains the Salt Lake Temple, Salt Lake Tabernacle, Salt Lake Assembly Hall, the Seagull Monument and two visitors' centers.  With 3 million to 5 million visitors a year, Temple Square is the most popular tourist attraction in Utah.

## Other websites
* Official website - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
* Official Site - Temple Square at lds.org

## References
Stewart-Haas Racing

**Stewart Haas Racing** was a NASCAR racing team based in Kannapolis, North Carolina. The team was co-owned by Tony Stewart and Gene Haas. The team shutdown at the end of 2024. At the time of shutting down, there were four drivers on the NASCAR Cup Series team: Josh Berry, Noah Gragson, Chase Briscoe, and Ryan Preece. Two Xfinity Series drivers drove for the team: Sheldon Creed and Riley Herbst. Gene Haas would start his own team for 2025: Haas Factory Team.

## References
DNA construct

A **DNA construct** is an artificially constructed segment of nucleic acid which is going to be 'transplanted' into a target tissue or cell.  

It often contains a **DNA insert**, which contains the gene sequence encoding a protein of interest. The DNA insert has been subcloned into a **molecular biology vector**. 

A DNA construct may express wildtype protein, or prevent the expression of certain genes by expressing competitors or inhibitors. It may express mutant proteins, such as deletion mutations or missense mutations. A DNA construct is often used in molecular biology to analyze macromolecules such as proteins or RNA in more detail.

## Molecular biology vectors 
, the lower example, integrate into the host chromosome.]]

A molecular biology vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into another cell. 

The main types of vectors are plasmids, bacteriophages and other viruses, and artificial chromosomes. Common to all engineered vectors are an origin of replication, a multicloning site, and a selectable marker. 

The vector itself is generally a DNA sequence that consists of an insert (transgene) and a larger sequence that serves as the 'backbone' of the vector. The backbone will include bacterial resistance genes for growth in bacteria, and promoters for expression in the organism.  

The purpose of a vector which transfers genetic information to another cell is typically to isolate, multiply, or express the insert in the target cell. 

Insertion of a vector into the target cell is usually called transformation for bacterial cells, or transfection for eukaryotic cells. Insertion of a viral vector is often called transduction.
Fettuccine Alfredo

**Fettuccine Alfredo** is a pasta dish made from fettuccine pasta tossed with Parmesan cheese and butter.

This is an old and simple recipe, in Italy it is simply called *Fettuccine al burro* ().  The Italian restaurateur Alfredo Di Lelio doubled the amount of butter used.  Alfredo invented his recipe in 1908 in the “trattoria” run by his mother Angelina in Rome, Piazza Rosa. This made it easier for his pregnant wife Ines to eat.  He then in 1914 started selling his variation at his restaurant *Alfredo" in via della scrofa in Rome. *
Alfredo Di Lelio's family since 1950 continue to serve the fettuccine Alfredo in the restaurant "Il Vero Alfredo" in Piazza Augusto Imperatore in Rome.

Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks ate in 1927 at *Alfredo alla Scrofa* on their honeymoon, and this helped make the restaurant, and Fettuccine alfredo, popular with tourists.

## American version 
In U.S. cuisine, cream is used as a sauce base. it may be mixed with other ingredients such as broccoli, parsley, garlic, shrimp, or chicken. Fettuccine Alfredo has now become ubiquitous in Italian-style restaurants in the United States and internationally, although in Italy this dish is not popular at all, as wrongly believed, and it is better known if called "Fettuccine al burro" instead of "Fettuccine Alfredo".

## History
Fettuccine Alfredo is named for Alfredo di Lelio, an Italian restaurant owner. He ran a restaurant in Rome in the first half of the 20th century.

In 1914, his wife, who was pregnant, was having difficulty eating so he adapted a meal of pasta and butter, *pasta al burro*, for her. Later, he put the dish on the menu at his restaurant, the *Alfredo alla Scrofa*, and called his version Fettuccine Alfredo.  Hollywood celebrities Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks visited his restaurant on their honeymoon and eat the dish. When they returned home, they talked often about the dish. This caused the restaurant and the dish to become popular with American tourists.

In 1943, Di Lelio sold the restaurant but kept the right to the name and menu. In 1950, Alfredo Di Lelio reopened a new  restaurant "Il Vero Alfredo" in Rome, Piazza Augusto Imperatore 30. He worked there until his death in 1959. "Il Vero Alfredo" is now managed by his nephews Alfredo and Ines, with the famous “gold cutlery”” (fork and spoon gold) donated in 1927 by two well-known American actors Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks (in gratitude for the hospitality).

## References
*
Arnold Bennett

**Enoch Arnold Bennett** (27 May 1867 – 27 March 1931) was an English novelist.

He started as a journalist, and during World War I was in charge of propaganda in France.

Bennett was born in Hanley in the Potteries district of Staffordshire, and his best known books were about life in this area.  He changed the names of the five towns in the district, but their names are easy to recognise.

## Food
When in London, Bennett liked to eat at the Savoy Hotel's Grill.  He often ate an omelette made with smoked haddock, and this has become known as the Omelette Arnold Bennett.  The Omelette Arnold Bennett has remained a Savoy standard dish ever since.

## References
This Hour Has 22 Minutes

***This Hour Has 22 Minutes*** is a Canadian comedy television series created by Mary Walsh, Cathy Jones, Michael Donovan, Jack Kellum, Gerald Lunz and George Anthony. In Canada reruns are shown on The Comedy Network and new episodes are shown on Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

On a 2004-05 episode, Carolyn Parrish was shown stomping on a George W. Bush doll and performing voodoo on its head which ultimately lead to her dismissal from the Liberal caucus.

## References
## Other websites
*This Hour Has 22 Minutes at cbc.ca
George Wald

**George Wald** (November 18, 1906 – April 12, 1997) was an American scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967 (with Ragnar Granit and Haldan Keffer Hartline) for his discoveries in vision. He was born on November 18, 1906 in New York City and died on April 12, 1997 in Cambridge, Massachusettes, United States.

## References
Gene targeting

mouse  with its offspring. The parent mouse had its Agouti gene (for banded coat colour) targeted.]]

**Gene targeting** is a genetic technique for replacing an existing gene with a mutated (changed) one. It can be done in lab mice or some other model organism.

The method can be used to delete a gene, remove control sections, add a gene, and introduce point mutations. 

Gene targeting can be permanent or conditional. Conditions, for example, can be a specific time during development in the life of the organism or limited to a specific tissue.

To date, this method has been applied to a number of species including *Drosophila melanogaster*, tobacco, corn, human cells. mice, and rats. 

## Method for mice 
First a DNA construct is made, usually in bacteria. The construct has the mutated gene or part of it, and a reporter gene, which may be a selectable marker. Mutated DNA is put into a stem cell genome derived from an embryo.

To target genes in mice, the construct is inserted into mouse embryonic stem cells in tissue culture. Cells with the correct insertion can be selected, because they carry a visible marker (such as a gene for white fur where the normal is brown). The treated cells can be added a mouse's tissue by embryo injection. Finally, *chimeric mice where the modified cells make up the reproductive organs are selected for breeding*. After breeding to others of the same kind, the entire body of the offspring mice has the altered gene.

In practice, large numbers of the injected mice are mated, which produces a few white mice (this only occurs when there are white-type cells in the germ line). Cross-breeding the white mice produces 50% of offspring which are homozygous for the marker, and so pure-bred for the experimental gene being inserted. Tests on the mice with the gene insertion can now take place.

## References
Anonymous work

**Anonymous works** are works, such as art or literature, made by someone who is anonymous. Some authors or artists choose to keep their identity a secret; others cannot reveal their names for legal reasons. In 2007, The Washington Post published an article by an anonymous author describing the use of national security letters by the FBI. In this case, the author, who would have preferred to be named, could not reveal his or her identity because it was against the law. 

Some anonymous works are not created by people who choose to be anonymous, but their creators are unknown (not by choice). With some very old or ancient works, the creator's name may simply be lost over the course of history, or historians are not sure. In such cases the author is often referred to as Anonymus, the Latin form of "anonymous". In the United States it is legally d as "a work on the copies or phonorecords of which no natural person is identified as author." 

## Related pages
*Pseudonym
Nintendogs + Cats

***Nintendogs + Cats*** is a video game sequel of Nintendogs. It was released in North America on March 26, 2011. This game has a total of 3 versions. It is made for the Nintendo 3DS.

On April 26, 2011, just one month after this game was released in North America, Nintendogs + Cats have sold 1.7 million copies of the game.

## Ratings 
Common Sense Media gave this game 5 out of 5 stars.

## Features 
Nintendogs + Cats has more features than Nintendogs, like a RoboDog and cats.

## References
2011 Tucson shooting

The **2011 Tucson shooting** was a mass murder in Tucson, Arizona. 

The mass shooting happened on January 8, 2011. Nineteen people were shot. Six of the nineteen people died. Another person was injured.  

U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords was holding a public meeting in the parking lot of a Safeway store.  

Giffords was shot through the head from a very short distance. Her condition was said to be very bad just after the shooting. The six killed included John Roll, a chief judge for the District of Arizona. 

22 year old schizophrenic Jared Lee Loughner was arrested at the scene with five charges filed against him. Loughner pleaded guilty to 19 crimes. He never gave a reason for the shooting. In November 2012, Loughner was sentenced to life in prison.

## References
Trey Songz

**Tremaine Aldon Neverson** (born November 28, 1984 ), better known by his stage name *Trey Songz*. 
Songz was born in Petersburg, Virginia, and raised in a military family,  He did not intend having a musical career as a child due to his shyness, saying "Singing wasn't a reality for me, until other people started noticing I sounded good." He recognized his vocal abilities at the age of 14 in 1998 (jobs). the song "Bottoms Up" from the album got into the Top Ten songs.

## References
## Other websites
* Trey Songz website
Go Ask Alice

***Go Ask Alice*** is a controversial book from 1971. The book is said to be the actual diary of an anonymous teenage girl who became addicted to drugs. The diarist's name is never given in the book. The title is from the lyrics to the Jefferson Airplane song "White Rabbit". Grace Slick wrote the song based on drug references in the classic novel ''Alice's Adventures In Wonderland'' by Lewis Carroll.

The story caused a sensation when published and remains in print as of 2011. Revelations about the book's origin have caused much doubt as to its authenticity and factual accounts, and the publishers have listed it as a work of fiction since at least the mid-late 1980s. Although it is still published under the byline "Anonymous", press interviews and copyright records suggest that it is largely or wholly the work of its purported editor, Beatrice Sparks. Some of the days and dates referenced in the book put the timeline from 1968 until 1970.

The teenage girl is insecure and wants more friends. She does this by taking drugs. Because of this she gets all kind of problems and is not a 'real' child anymore.

## Plot 
A 15-year-old girl begins keeping a diary. With a sensitive, observant style, she records her thoughts and concerns about issues such as crushes, weight loss, sexuality, social acceptance, and difficulty relating to her parents. The diarist's father, a college professor, accepts a teaching position at a new college. After the move the diarist feels like an outcast at the new school, with no friends. She then meets Beth and they become best friends. When Beth leaves for summer camp the diarist returns to her hometown to stay with her grandparents. She reunites with an old school neighbor, Jill. Jill is impressed by the diarist's move to a larger town, and invites her to a party. At the party, bottles of sodas—some of which are laced with LSD—were served. The diarist was not aware about LSD and has an intense and pleasurable trip. Over the following days the diarist continues friendships with the people from the party and willingly uses more drugs. She loses her virginity while on LSD. She worries she may be pregnant, and her grandfather has a small heart attack. Guilt and lies were overwhelming her.
National Climatic Data Center

The United States **National Climatic Data Center** (**NCDC**) in Asheville, North Carolina is the world's largest active archive of weather data.  The center became established in late 1951, and moved into a new facility  in early 1952. The center collects data on climate change, science, and transportation.

## References
Space Jam

***Space Jam*** is a 1996 American live-action/animated sports comedy movie directed by Joe Pytka and produced by Ivan Reitman, Joe Medjuck, and Daniel Goldberg. It stars former basketball star Michael Jordan and the Looney Tunes. The movie won a Grammy Award in 1997 for Best Song Written Specifically for Motion Picture or Television for "I Believe I Can Fly" by singer R. Kelly. The stand-alone sequel *Space Jam: A New Legacy*, starring current basketball star LeBron James, was theatrically released on July 16, 2021.

## Cast 
### Live-action 
* Michael Jordan as a fictional version of himself
** Brandon Hammond as 10-year-old Michael Jordan
* Wayne Knight as Stan Podolak
* Theresa Randle as Juanita Jordan
* Bill Murray as himself
* Thom Barry as James Jordan, Michael Jordan's father
* Manner Washington as Jeffrey Jordan
* Eric Gordon as Marcus Jordan
* Penny Bae Bridges as Jasmine Jordan
* Dan Castellaneta as a basketball fan
* Patricia Heaton as a basketball fan
* Cedric Ceballos as himself
* Vlade Divac as himself
* Jeff Malone as himself
* Anthony Miller as himself
* A.C. Green as himself
* Sharone Wright as himself
* Alonzo Mourning as himself
* Charles Barkley as himself
* Muggsy Bogues as himself
* Patrick Ewing as himself 
* Larry Johnson as himself  
* Shawn Bradley as himself
* Larry Bird as himself

### Voices 
* Billy West as Bugs Bunny / Elmer Fudd
* Dee Bradley Baker as Daffy Duck / Tasmanian Devil
* Danny DeVito as Swackhammer
* Bob Bergen as Porky Pig / Tweety / Marvin the Martian
* Bill Farmer as Sylvester the Cat / Foghorn Leghorn / Yosemite Sam
* Maurice LaMarche as Pepe le Pew
* Kath Soucie as Lola Bunny
* Jocelyn Blue as Nerdluck Pound
* Charity James as Nerdluck Blanko
* June Melby as Nerdluck Bang
* Catherine Reitman as Nerdluck Bupkus
* Colleen Wainwright as Nerdluck Nawt / Sniffles
* Darnell Suttles as Monstar Pound
* Steve Kehela as Monstar Blanko / Announcer
* Joey Camen as Monstar Bang
* Dorian Harewood as Monstar Bupkus
* T.K. Carter as Monstar Nawt
* June Foray as Granny / Witch Hazel
* Frank Welker as Charles the Dog

## References
## Other websites
* *Space Jam*'s Official website
* 
*
Denim

rivet to make the pocket stronger.]]
**Denim** is a very strong kind of cloth. Denim has been used in the United States since the late 18th century.  The word comes from the name of a cloth called serge.  Serge was first made in the French town of Nîmes (de Nîmes)), by the André family.  First called *serge de Nîmes*, the name was soon shortened to denim.

Denims are highly popular throughout India.  Before in celebrations, formal wear was obvious.  These days in many functions and even in workplaces, there is no shortage of people donning denims.  International brand skinny jeans available in Asia and the market sees introduction of new styles.
| url         = 

Denim was usually colored blue with indigo dye to make blue "jeans," though "jean" meant a different, lighter cotton textile. 

## Jeans vehicles
Between 1973 and 1975, Volkswagen made the Jeans Beetle, which had all-denim trim. They did this again in some later models.

## References
Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez

The **Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez** is a Mexican Formula One circuit near Mexico City. It was named after racing driver Ricardo Rodríguez (the brother of Pedro Rodríguez, a Formula One driver). It was finished in 1962 and held its first Formula One race there in the same year, though it did not count for the championship. A year later, the Mexican Grand Prix started, and continued from 1963 to 1970, where F1 did not return until 1986, and left once again 1992. The track still hosts various events, and even hosted the Nationwide Series from 2005 to 2008, before leaving once again.
## F1 winners
Andromeda (constellation)

**Andromeda** is a constellation in the northern sky. It is named after the princess Andromeda in Greek mythology. It is sometimes called "Princess of Ethiopia" or "the Chained Woman" in English. It has also been called *Persea* ("Perseus's wife")

The Andromeda Galaxy is inside Andromeda.  It is the closest spiral galaxy to Earth, at about 2.2 million light-years from Earth (estimates range up to 2.5 million light-years).  The brightest star in Andromeda is called Alpha Andromedae, which is a binary star.

## References
Mad About You

***Mad About You*** is an American situation comedy. It began on NBC on September 23, 1992. It ended on May 24, 1999. It stars Paul Reiser and Helen Hunt. They play a married couple living in New York City. Near the end of the sitcom's run, the couple have a baby, Mabel.

## Other websites 
*
K.d. lang

**Kathryn Dawn Lang**, better known as **k.d. lang** (born November 2, 1961), is a Canadian country and pop singer-songwriter and guitarist. Her best known hit is "Constant Craving". She has contributed songs to many movie soundtracks.

Lang was born in Edmonton, Alberta. She is openly lesbian and is an activist for LGBT rights.

## References
Andromeda

**Andromeda** may refer to:
* Andromeda (mythology), the daughter of Cassiopeia and wife of Perseus in Greek mythology
* Andromeda (constellation), a group of stars
* The Andromeda Galaxy
* HMS *Andromeda*, one of several warships of the Royal Navy

In **arts** and **literature**:
* *Andromeda* (play), play by Euripides
* *Andromeda* (novel), by Ivan Yefremov
** *The Andromeda Nebula*, Russian 1967 science fiction film based on *Andromeda*
* Andromeda Tonks, a minor character in the Harry Potter series

* *Andromeda* (TV series), science fiction TV series
* Andromeda (English band), a 1960s psychedelic rock band from Britain
* Andromeda (Swedish band), a 2000s progressive metal band from Sweden

In **comics**:
* Andromeda (Marvel Comics), character native of Atlantis in the Marvel comics universe
* Laurel Gand codenamed Andromeda, character of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the DC comics universe
* Andromeda Shun, character in the *Saint Seiya* universe