open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Finger Plan

The **Finger Plan** () is an urban plan from 1947 which provides a strategy for the  of the Copenhagen metropolitan area in Denmark. According to the , all future development of Copenhagen would be along five 'fingers'. These grouped business areas would be near S-train commuter rail lines. The finger-line areas extend from the 'palm' which represents the dense urban area of central Copenhagen. Between the 'fingers', is land for agriculture and recreational use.

By the definition used in the Finger Plan, the metropolitan area has a population of 1,930,260 (1 October 2011). It has an area of  over 34 municipalities.

In 2007 the Finger Plan was d to the "Finger Plan 2007". This plan is written into the laws and is legally binding over Greater Copenhagen. The Finger Plan for 2007 does share the metropolitan area like this:

* Inner metropolitan area (the palm)
* Outer metropolitan area (the fingers)
* the green areas (the space between the fingers)
* The other metropolitan area (as are for the end of the fingers)

## References
Stand by Me Doraemon

***Stand by Me Doraemon*** is a 2014 Japanese 3D animated movie, based on the popular manga and anime series Doraemon. It was released in Japan on August 8th, 2014.

it is the first CGI installment in the Doraemon franchise.

## Cast
## Music
*Himawari no Yakusoku (ひまわりの約束) by Motohiro Hata

## References
Uherský Brod shooting

in the Czech Republic.]]

On 24 February 2015, a mass shooting happened at the  restaurant in the town of Uherský Brod, Czech Republic. The gunman, 63-year-old Zdeněk Kovář, killed eight people and injured another. He was in the restaurant for around two hours ( 12:30 p.m.–14:23 p.m.) before the tactical team went into the building. After they entered the building, the gunman committed suicide (killed himself).

## References
Dan Fredinburg

**Daniel Paul Fredinburg** (September 8, 1981 &ndash; April 25, 2015) was an American engineer and Google executive. He was a product manager and head of privacy at Google X. He was born in Mission Viejo, California. From January 2013 to February 2014, he dated actress Sophia Bush.

Fredinburg died on Mount Everest in an avalanche caused by the April 2015 Nepal earthquake. He was 33.

## References
Sid Tepper

**Sid Tepper** (June 25, 1918 – April 24, 2015) was an American songwriter. He was best known for working with Roy C. Bennett, which created several hits for Elvis Presley. Between 1945 and 1970, Tepper and Bennett published over 300 songs.

He died on April 24, 2015, at the age of 96.

## References
George C. Young

**George Cressler Young** (né **Jung**; August 4, 1916 – April 24, 2015) was an American lawyer and judge. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. Young was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Young was reassigned to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida on October 29, 1962. He served as chief judge from 1973 to 1981 and assumed senior status on October 19, 1981. 

Young died of a heart attack in Orlando, Florida, aged 98.

## References
Sabeen Mahmud

**Sabeen Mahmud** () was a Pakistani human rights activist and social NGO worker. She was the founder and director of the Karachi-based cafe The Second Floor (T2F) and president of the Karachi branch of TiE. 

On 24 April 2015, she was shot dead by unidentified gunmen in Karachi while on her way home after attending a seminar.

## References
Rustum Ghazaleh

**Rustum Ghazaleh** () also transl. from Arabic as **Rostom Ghazale**, **Rustom Ghazalah**, **Rustom Ghazali**; 3 May 1953 – 24 April 2015) was a Syrian military and intelligence officer. On 24 July 2012, Ghazaleh was appointed chief of political security.

## References
Ismail Hussain

**Ismail Hussain** (1 April 1950 – 24 April 2015) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Indian Parliament representing the Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency) for the Indian National Congress party.

## References
Jim Fanning

**William James Fanning** (September 14, 1927 – April 25, 2015) was an American catcher, manager and front office executive in Major League Baseball. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

He was the first general manager of the Montreal Expos of the National League (appointed in August 1968), he served the Expos in a number of capacities for almost 25 years. He served as their field manager in 1981. He guided Montreal into the playoffs for the only time in the 36-year history of the franchise.

Fanning died on April 25, 2015, at his home in London, Ontario, aged 87.

## References
Anton Vratuša

**Anton Vratuša**, born **Vratussa Antal** (21 February 1915 – 30 July 2017) was a former politician and diplomat. He was Prime Minister of Slovenia and Yugoslavia's ambassador to the United Nations. Vratuša died on 30 July 2017 at the age of 102.

## References
## Other websites
Alfonso Oiterong

**Alfonso Rebochong Oiterong** (October 9, 1924 &ndash; August 30, 1994) was a politician from Palau. He was the country's Vice-President from 1981 to 1985. He was President from 2 July to 25 October 1985.

## References
Ken Birch

**Kenneth Joseph** "**Ken**" **Birch** (31 December 1933 &ndash; 24 April 2015) was an English footballer. He played as a right-half for Everton and Southampton. Later, he led Welsh club Bangor City to victory in the Welsh Cup in 1962. He played from the 1951 until after 1963.

Birch was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. He died on 24 April 2015, aged 81.

## References
High Rock Lake

**High Rock Lake** is a reservoir lake located in Davidson and Rowan counties of North Carolina. It serves as a border between them. It is a reservoir for hydroelectric power generation. It is the northernmost of the Uwharrie Lakes. High Rock is the second largest lake in North Carolina after Lake Norman. Its water surface covers  and there are  of shoreline. High Rock Lake begins at the confluence of the Yadkin River and the South Yadkin River. The lake's name comes from nearby "High Rock Mountain", the tallest mountain in the Uwharrie Mountains. High Rock Lake is currently managed and operated by the Alcoa company.

## References
Wang Guozhen

**Wang Guozhen** (; 22 June 1956 &ndash; 26 April 2015) was a Chinese poet and painter. He began writing in 1985, and publishing in 1990. He released at least ten poetry books between 1990 and his death, most notably ''Top Modem Chinese Poem: Wang Guozhen's 80 Poems in English Verse''.

Wang was born in Beijing. His ancestral home was in Xiamen, Fujian. He graduated from Jinan University in 1982.

Wang died from liver cancer on 26 April 2015 in Beijing, aged 59.

## Related pages
*List of Chinese painters

## References
Savannah River

The **Savannah River** is a major river in the southeastern United States. It makes up most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia. The Savannah River drainage basin extends into the southeastern side of the Appalachian Mountains just inside North Carolina. It is bounded by the Eastern Continental Divide. It is formed by the confluence of the Tugaloo River and the Seneca River. Today this confluence is under Lake Hartwell, a man-made reservoir. From Lake Hartwell to the Atlantic Ocean the Savannah River is  long.

Two major cities are located along the Savannah River: Savannah, and Augusta, Georgia. They were the center of early English settlements during the Colonial period of American history. The Savannah River is tidal at Savannah.  from there, the river s into an estuary. Then it s into the Atlantic Ocean. The area where the river's estuary meets the ocean is known as "Tybee Roads".  The Intracoastal Waterway flows through a section of the Savannah River near the city of Savannah.

## References
Arrondissements of the Gironde department

There are 6 **arrondissements in the Gironde department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The 6 arrondissements of Gironde are:

## History
Since its creation, the Gironde department has had some changes:
* 1790 : creation of the Gironde department with seven districts: Bordeaux, Libourne, La Réole, Bazas, Cadillac, Blaye and Lesparre. Bordeaux was the capital of the department.
* 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Bordeaux, Bazas, Blaye, Lesparre, Libourne, La Réole.
* 1926 : the arrondissements of Lesparre and La Réole were eliminated; the subprefecture of Bazas was moved to Langon.
* 1942 : Lesparre is again an arrondissement of the department with the name of Lesparre-Médoc.
* 2006 (6 December) : creation of the arrondissement of Arcachon.

## References
Arrondissement of Blaye

The **arrondissement of Blaye** is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Gironde *département* in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Blaye.

## History
When the Gironde department was created on 17 February 1800, the *arrondissement* of Blaye was part of that original department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Blaye is the smallest of the *arrondissements* of the Gironde department, with an area of . It is in northern part of the department and it has 88,115 inhabitants and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The *arrondissement* of Blaye is bordered to the north and northeast by the Charente-Maritime department, to the southeast by the *arrondissement* of Libourne, to the south by the *arrondissement* of Bordeaux and to the west by the *arrondissement* of Lesparre-Médoc. The Gironde estuary is to northwest of the *arrondissement*.

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Blaye, there are only two cantons: 

# L'Estuaire, with 39 *communes*, all in the *arrondissement* of Blaye;
# Le Nord-Gironde, with 26 *communes* in the *arrondissement* of Blaye and 2 *communes* in the *arrondissement* of Bordeaux.

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Blaye has 63 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Anglade (33006)
# Val-de-Virvée (33018)
# Bayon-sur-Gironde (33035)
# Berson (33047)
# Blaye (33058)
# Bourg (33067)
# Braud-et-Saint-Louis (33073)
# Campugnan (33089)
# Cars (33100)
# Cartelègue (33101)
# Cavignac (33114)
# Cézac (33123)
# Civrac-de-Blaye (33126)
# Comps (33132)
# Cubnezais (33142)
# Cubzac-les-Ponts (33143)
# Donnezac (33151)
# Étauliers (33159)
# Eyrans (33161)
# Fours (33172)
# Gauriac (33182)
# Gauriaguet (33183)
# Générac (33184)
# Lansac (33228)
# Laruscade (33233)
# Marcenais (33266)
# Marcillac (33267)
# Marsas (33272)
# Mazion (33280)
# Mombrier (33285)
# Peujard (33321)
# Plassac (33325)
# Pleine-Selve (33326)
# Prignac-et-Marcamps (33339)
# Pugnac (33341)
# Reignac (33351)
# Saint-André-de-Cubzac (33366)
# Saint-Androny (33370)
# Saint-Aubin-de-Blaye (33374)
# Saint-Caprais-de-Blaye (33380)
# Saint-Christoly-de-Blaye (33382)
# Saint-Ciers-de-Canesse (33388)
# Saint-Ciers-sur-Gironde (33389)
# Saint-Genès-de-Blaye (33405)
# Saint-Gervais (33415)
# Saint-Girons-d'Aiguevives (33416)
# Saint-Laurent-d'Arce (33425)
# Saint-Mariens (33439)
# Saint-Martin-Lacaussade (33441)
# Saint-Palais (33456)
# Saint-Paul (33458)
# Saint-Savin (33473)
# Saint-Seurin-de-Bourg (33475)
# Saint-Seurin-de-Cursac (33477)
# Saint-Trojan (33486)
# Saint-Vivien-de-Blaye (33489)
# Saint-Yzan-de-Soudiac (33492)
# Samonac (33500)
# Saugon (33502)
# Tauriac (33525)
# Teuillac (33530)
# Villeneuve (33551)
# Virsac (33553)

The *communes* in the *arrondissement* with more inhabitants are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Gironde department
* Communes of the Gironde department

## References
Sugar Land, Texas

**Sugar Land** is a city in Texas. It is in the  big city area and Fort Bend County. It is one of the richest cities in Texas. It is growing quickly. It grew more than 40 percent from 2010 to 2020. As of the 2020 census, its population was 111,026. It is here that Miss Teen USA Katie Blair lived during her freshmen, sophomore and junior years. 

## Geography 
Sugar Land has a total area of 43 square miles.

## People 
Sugar Land has 111,026 people living there.

## Notes
## Other websites
* City of Sugar Land
Bill Valentine

**William Terry "Bill" Valentine, Jr.** (November 21, 1932 - April 26, 2015) was an American professional baseball umpire. He worked in the American League from 1963 to 1968. Valentine was an umpire in the 1965 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. In his career, he umpired 947 Major League games.

Valentine died on April 26, 2015 in Little Rock, Arkansas, aged 82.

## References
Abancay

**Abancay** is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Apurímac Region.

## Location
Abancay is located at an elevation of  above sea level in the southern Peruvian Andes, above the Pachachaca River, and straddles the Marino River.

## References
### Further reading
* 
* 

## Other websites
*
* Municipalidad de Abancay
* Universidad Tecnológica de los Andes
* Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac 
* World Gazetteer
Jayson Megna

**Jayson Megna** (born February 1, 1990) is an American professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League. He also played for Pittsburgh Penguins, Vancouver Canucks, and New York Rangers of the (NHL). He was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and grew up in Northbrook, Illinois.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Megna played 2 seasons with the Cedar Rapids RoughRiders of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and half a year of college hockey with the University of Nebraska Omaha Mavericks. During his time with the Mavericks, Megna was named to the WCHA All-Rookie Team.

He was not drafted but he signed a two-way contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins on August 1, 2012. He was sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins.

The Penguins called Megna up on October 24, 2013. Megna made his NH

L debut the next day in a 4-3 loss against the New York Islanders. On October 28, 2013, Megna recorded his first NHL point on a Tanner Glass goal and also scored his first NHL goal in a 3-1 win against the Carolina Hurricanes.

On July 10, 2014, the Penguins re-signed Megna to a one-year, two-way contract.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Arrondissement of Arcachon

The **arrondissement of Arcachon** is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Gironde *département*. Its capital is the city of Arcachon.

## History
The *arrondissement* of Arcachon was created on 6 December 2006, to begin on 1 January 2007, with four cantons taken from the *arrondissement* of Bordeaux.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Arcachon is in southwestern Gironde, with an area of . It has 146,160 inhabitants and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The *arrondissement* is bordered to the north by the *arrondissement* of Lesparre-Médoc, to the northeast by the *arrondissement* of Bordeaux, to the southeast by the *arrondissement* of Langon, to the south by the Landes department and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean (*Gulf of Biscay*).

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Arcachon, there is only one canton where not all their "communes" are in the *arrondissement*: Les Landes des Graves. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and *arrondissements*:

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Arcachon has 17 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Andernos-les-Bains (33005)
# Arcachon (33009)
# Arès (33011)
# Audenge (33019)
# Le Barp (33029)
# Belin-Béliet (33042)
# Biganos (33051)
# Gujan-Mestras (33199)
# Lanton (33229)
# Lège-Cap-Ferret (33236)
# Lugos (33260)
# Marcheprime (33555)
# Mios (33284)
# Saint-Magne (33436)
# Salles (33498)
# Le Teich (33527)
# La Teste-de-Buch (33529)

The *communes* in the *arrondissement* with more inhabitants are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Gironde department
* Communes of the Gironde department

## References
Arrondissement of Lesparre-Médoc

The **arrondissement of Lesparre-Médoc** is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Gironde *département* in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Lesparre-Médoc.

## History
When the Gironde department was created on 17 February 1800, the *arrondissement* of Lesparre-Médoc was part of that original department, with the name of *Arrondissement of Lesparre*.

The *arrondissement* was dissolved on September 1926 but it was again an *arrondissement* on June 1942 but with the name of *Arrondissement of Lesparre-Médoc*. the second largest, after the *arrondissement* of Langon, of the *arrondissements* of the department. It has 86,560 inhabitants and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The *arrondissement* is bordered to the north by the Charente-Maritime department, to the east by the *arrondissements* of Blaye, to the southeast by the *arrondissement* of Bordeaux, to the south by the *arrondissement* of Arcachon and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean (*Gulf of Biscay*).

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Lesparre-Médoc, there are only two cantons:

# Le Nord-Médoc, with 29 *communes*, all in the *arrondissement* of Lesparre-Médoc;
# Le Sud-Médoc, with 22 *communes* in the *arrondissement* of Lesparre-Médoc and 1 *commune* in the *arrondissement* of Bordeaux

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Lesparre-Médoc has 50 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Arcins (33010)
# Arsac (33012)
# Avensan (33022)
# Bégadan (33038)
# Blaignan (33055)
# Brach (33070)
# Carcans (33097)
# Castelnau-de-Médoc (33104)
# Cissac-Médoc (33125)
# Civrac-en-Médoc (33128)
# Couquèques (33134)
# Cussac-Fort-Médoc (33146)
# Gaillan-en-Médoc (33177)
# Grayan-et-l'Hôpital (33193)
# Hourtin (33203)
# Jau-Dignac-et-Loirac (33208)
# Labarde (33211)
# Lacanau (33214)
# Lamarque (33220)
# Lesparre-Médoc (33240)
# Listrac-Médoc (33248)
# Margaux-Cantenac (33268)
# Moulis-en-Médoc (33297)
# Naujac-sur-Mer (33300)
# Ordonnac (33309)
# Pauillac (33314)
# Le Porge (33333)
# Prignac-en-Médoc (33338)
# Queyrac (33348)
# Saint-Christoly-Médoc (33383)
# Saint-Estèphe (33395)
# Saint-Germain-d'Esteuil (33412)
# Saint-Julien-Beychevelle (33423)
# Saint-Laurent-Médoc (33424)
# Saint-Sauveur (33471)
# Saint-Seurin-de-Cadourne (33476)
# Saint-Vivien-de-Médoc (33490)
# Saint-Yzans-de-Médoc (33493)
# Sainte-Hélène (33417)
# Salaunes (33494)
# Saumos (33503)
# Soulac-sur-Mer (33514)
# Soussans (33517)
# Talais (33521)
# Le Temple (33528)
# Valeyrac (33538)
# Vendays-Montalivet (33540)
# Vensac (33541)
# Le Verdon-sur-Mer (33544)
# Vertheuil (33545)

The *communes* in the *arrondissement* with more inhabitants are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Gironde department
* Communes of the Gironde department

## References
Mike Phillips (basketball)

**Michael Charles** "**Mike**" **Phillips** (March 24, 1956 &ndash; April 25, 2015) was an American basketball player. He played for teams such as Kentucky Wildcats and FC Barcelona between the 1970s and 1990.

Phillips was born in Akron, Ohio. He died after a fall at his home in Madisonville, Kentucky, aged 59.

## References
Brian Ferlin

**Brian Ferlin** (born June 3, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Ferlin played parts of 2 years with the Indiana Ice of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and parts of 3 years of college hockey with the Cornell University Big Red. Ferlin won the Greg Ratushny Award for most promising freshman.

He was drafted 121st overall by the Boston Bruins in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. On April 11, 2014, Ferlin signed a two-year entry-level contract with the Bruins. He began playing for their AHL-affiliate, the Providence Bruins.

On February 20, 2015, the Bruins called Ferlin up and he made his NHL debut in a 5-1 loss to the St. Louis Blues. On February 22, 2015, Ferlin recorded his first NHL point when he assisted a Gregory Campbell goal in a 6-2 win against the Chicago Blackhawks.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Ira Lewis

**Ira Lewis Metsky** (August 27, 1932 &ndash; April 7, 2015) was an American actor, writer, and playwright. He was best known for his one-act play, *Chinese Coffee*, which opened at the Circle in the Square Theatre in 1992, starring Al Pacino. A movie adaptation of *Chinese Coffee*, also starring Pacino, as well as Jerry Orbach, was released in 2000. His career started in 1955, and ended in 2004.

Lewis was born in Newark, New Jersey. He died from problems caused by open heart surgery in Edison, aged 82. At the time of his death, he was living in Westfield.

## References
## Other websites
*
Catherine Bach

**Catherine Bach** (born March 1 1954) is an American actress. She acted as Daisy Duke in *The Dukes of Hazzard*. She also played Linda in *Murder in Peyton Place*.

She was born in Warren, Ohio.

## References
Gordon Moyes

**Gordon Keith Mackenzie Moyes**  (17 November 1938 &ndash; 5 April 2015) was an Australian Christian evangelist, broadcaster and politician. From 3 September 2002 to 4 March 2011, he was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, first for the Christian Democratic Party until March 2009. From November 2009, he was the Family First Party's only parliamentary representative in New South Wales.

Moyes was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He was married and had four children.

Moyes died on 5 April 2015 in Sydney, aged 76.

## References
Dickie Owen

**Dickie Owen** (26 March 1927 &ndash; 7 April 2015) was a British actor. He was known for his roles in *Chitty Chitty Bang Bang*, *Z-Cars*, *Zulu*, ''The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb* and *The Mummy's Shroud''. He acted between 1959 and 1968. He died at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
Christine Stewart

**Christine Susan Stewart**  (January 3, 1941 &ndash; April 25, 2015) was a Canadian politician for the Liberal Party of Canada. She was member of the Canadian Parliament for Northumberland from 1988 to 2000. She was also the Minister of the Environment during the government of Jean Chrétien from 1997 to 1999.

Stewart was born in Hamilton, Ontario. She was also a nurse and graduated from the University of Toronto.

Stewart died on April 25, 2015 in Cobourg, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hojatollah Khatib

**Hojatollah Khatib** (&lrm;; 1954 &ndash; 26 April 2015) was an Iranian sports administrator. He was the chairman of multisport club Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club based in Tehran between July 2004 and December 2005. He was also a wrestling president. He died from cancer in Tehran, aged 61.

## References
Macaé Esporte Futebol Clube

**Macaé Esporte Futebol Clube** (or **Macaé E.F.C.**) is a football club which plays in Brazil.

## Achievements
***Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 1**
::2014

***Campeonato Carioca Série B: 1**
::1998
Izatullo Khayoyev

**Izatullo Khayoyev** (; 22 June 1936 &ndash; 26 April 2015) was a Tajik politician. He was the Vice-President of Tajikistan between December 1990 and 25 June 1991 and Prime Minister of Tajikistan between 25 June 1991 and 9 January 1992. He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic from 4 January 1986 until 6 December 1990.

Khayoyev died on 26 April 2015 in Dushanbe, aged 78.

## References
Bill Farmer

**Bill Farmer** (born November 14, 1952) is an American voice actor, comedian and impressionist. He is best known for being the current voice of the Disney character Goofy, since 1986.  While in college he worked in radio and television. He worked as a stand-up comedian. In late 1986 he was one of hundreds of voice actors competing for a few roles at Disney studios. He has been the voice of Goofy ever since.  In 2009 Farmer was named a Disney Legend.

## Filmography
### Films
### Television
### Video games
### Production credits
## References
Don Mankiewicz

**Don Martin Mankiewicz** (January 20, 1922 – April 25, 2015) was an American screenwriter and novelist. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He was the son of Sara (Aaronson) and the screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz. His 1955 novel *Trial* won the Harper Prize and was made into a movie of the same name.

Mankiewicz died of congestive heart failure in Monrovia, California, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Émile Bouchard

**Joseph Émile Alcide "Butch" Bouchard**, CM, CQ (September 4, 1919 – April 14, 2012) was a Canadian ice hockey player who played defence with the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League from 1941 to 1956. He is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame, won four Stanley Cups,  was captain of the Canadiens for eight years and was voted to the NHL All-Star Team four times.

## Other websites
* 
* NYTimes obituary
Henri Richard

**Joseph Henri Richard** (February 29, 1936 – March 6, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played centre with the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1955 to 1975.

Richard died on March 6, 2020 in Laval, Quebec of Alzheimer's disease-related problems, aged 84. After his death, his son sent his brain to be studied. Doctors said that Richard had Stage 3 chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## References
## Other websites
*
Vivian Nathan

**Vivian Nathan** (born **Vivian Firko**; October 26, 1916 &ndash; April 3, 2015) was an American actress. She was an original and founding member of the Actors Studio, which opened in 1947. She served on the Actors Studio's board of directors until 1999. She appeared in the original Broadway debut productions of *The Rose Tattoo* (1951) and *Camino Real* (1953). Her movie credits included *Klute* (1971).

Nathan was born in New York City, New York. Her husband, Nathan Schwalb, died in 2000 after 50 years of marriage.

Nathan died on April 3, 2015 in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 98.

## References
## Other websites
*
Inês Etienne Romeu

**Inês Etienne Romeu** (1942 &ndash; April 27, 2015) was a Brazilian political prisoner. She was held in extrajudicial detention in a Brazilian torture camp in the early 1970s. Romeu has been described as the sole captive to survive the camp. 

Romeu died in Niterói, Brazil at the age of 72.

## References
Larry Langford

**Larry Paul Langford** (March 17, 1946 &ndash; January 8, 2019) was an American politician and convicted criminal. He was the mayor of the city of Birmingham, Alabama serving from 2007 to 2009. He was serving a 15-year federal felony sentence at the time of his death.

## Political life
He previously served on the Jefferson County, Alabama, Commission, including four years as the first African-American commission president. He also served as mayor of Fairfield, Alabama, and served one term on the Birmingham City Council.

Langford was a well-known television personality, having worked for then-local ABC affiliate, WBRC TV as the community's first African-American TV news reporter. In 2010, Langford began serving a 15-year federal felony sentence, the result of a highly publicized public corruption trial in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

## Prison time
On April 27, 2015, Langford transported from his prison in Ashland, Kentucky to a hospital due to a case of pneumonia. Langford was rejected for an early release after describing himself as "terminally-ill".

## Death
He was granted compassionate release from prison in December 2018 due to his failing health and was hospitalized for respiratory failure and pneumonia in Birmingham. Langford died on January 8, 2019 at the hospital in Birmingham from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Birmingham website – Langford page 
* Larry Langford  profile at Bhamwiki.com
Marcel Pronovost

**Joseph Rene Marcel Pronovost** (June 15, 1930 – April 26, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and coach. He played in 1,206 games over 20 National Hockey League (NHL) seasons and for the Detroit Red Wings and Toronto Maple Leafs between 1950 and 1970.

Pronovost died on April 26, 2015, after a brief illness, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)

**Princess Charlotte of Wales** (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana; born 2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family. She is the daughter of William, Prince of Wales, and Catherine, Princess of Wales. She is a granddaughter of King Charles III. She is a great-granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II. She was born at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London. 

She is the third in line to succeed King Charles III after her father, and older brother. She is the first member of the royal family born after the change to the law on 26 March 2015, which removed gender from consideration in succession. This means she is higher in the line of succession than her younger brother, Prince Louis. This is the first time a female has been in that position.

## Titles 
* 2 May 2015 – 8 September 2022: Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Cambridge
* 8 September 2022 – 9 September 2022: Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Cornwall and Cambridge
* 9 September 2022 – present: Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Wales

## References
|-
Andrew Lesnie

**Andrew Lesnie**  (1 January 1956 &ndash; 27 April 2015) was an Australian movie cinematographer. He was best known as the cinematographer for *The Lord of the Rings* trilogy (2001&ndash;2003) and its prequel *The Hobbit* trilogy (2012&ndash;2014), both directed by New Zealand director Peter Jackson. He received the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* in 2002. He also worked on *I Am Legend* (2007) and *The Water Diviner* (2014).

Lesnie was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He died from a heart attack on 27 April 2015 in Sydney, aged 59.

## References
## Other websites
*
Environmental migration

s or tropical storms- yellow: desertification or droughts - blue: rising sea levels (islands  and river estuaries)]]
**Environmental migration** is a form of migration which happens because the environment changes where people live. These changes can be sudden (such as floods, droughts, earthquakes or volcanic eruptions), or they can happen over longer periods of time. An example of changes that occur only slowly are those of desertification or the rise of the sea level. 

People migrate due to the changes in their environment, and the find a new home. Did you know that Chinese people just migrated when there was the **Coronavirus** in **China.**

Despite problems in formulating a uniform and clear-cut definition of **environmental migration**, such a concept has increased as an issue of concern in the **2000s** as policy-makers, environmental and social scientists attempt to conceptualize the potential societal effects of **climate change** and general environmental degradation. **"Unless it is assumed"** in order to consider a person a **climate refugee**, **nature** or the environment could be considered the persecutor.
Economic migration

Sometimes people move to a different county or region, because they think that they are economically better off. Economic migration happens for different reasons, for example:
*People think they have a better chance of finding a job
*They get paid more
*Social security is better in the new place
*They pay less taxes
Ms. Jackson

"**Ms. Jackson**" is a song by American alternative hip hop duo Outkast. The song was released on October 24, 2000. It was the second single on their fourth studio album *Stankonia*. During an interview with *Vibe*, André 3000 said about creating the song: "'Ms. Jackson' was an acoustic guitar song that I was doing at home. Then I just converted it over into something people could understand a little bit more."

On the *Billboard* charts, "Ms. Jackson" peaked at #1 on Hot 100, #1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and at #13 on the Mainstream Top 40 charts.

The song won Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 44th Grammy Awards.

## References
## Other websites
*
Mary Jane Veloso

**Mary Jane Veloso** (born 1984/85) is a Filipino maid. She was arrested and sentenced to death for apparently smuggling 2.6 kg of heroin into Indonesia. She was denied a pardon many times. She also said that she was innocent, and worked in Malaysia and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 

At the end of 2024, Mary Jane Veloso was repatriated to the Philippines after negotiations between the two countries.

Veloso was born in Nueva Ecija, Luzon. She was also once married and has two children.

## References
S-train

The **S-train** (, ) is an urban rail network which serves Copenhagen, Denmark and the ing . It connects the city  to its suburbs. The railway they use is called **S-banen** (The S-track). The S-train is operated by DSB. The S-track has a length of about . There are 84 Railway stations, where 32 of the stations are in the central area. 

On weekdays all stations are served at least every 10 minutes until the evening. There are six main lines. There is one peak hour support line. Since most lines use the same path through the city core, train departures every second minute. On most suburb lines trains depart every five minutes. On Sundays these time intervals are doubled. Most trains have 8 cars but more can be added as needed. There are a total of 120 8-car trains.

## References
Keith Harris (ventriloquist)

**Keith Shenton Harris** (21 September 1947 &ndash; 28 April 2015) was an English ventriloquist.

Harris was best known for his television show (which ran between 1982 and 1990), audio recordings, and club appearances with his puppets Orville the Duck and Cuddles the Monkey. He had a UK Top 10 hit single in 1982 with "Orville's Song". He appeared in *When Louis Met...* with Louis Theroux. He won the second series of *The Farm* in 2005.

Harris was born in Lyndhurst, Hampshire. He was raised in Blacon, Cheshire. He was married four times and had three children.

Harris died from cancer of the spleen on 28 April 2015 in Blackpool, Lancashire, aged 67.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carladès

**Princess Gabriella of Monaco, Countess of Carladès** (*Gabriella Thérèse Marie*; born 10 December 2014), is the twin daughter of Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene. She is second in line to the throne of Monaco. She was born at The Princess Grace Hospital Centre in Monaco. She was born two minutes before her twin brother, Hereditary Prince Jacques. She was granted the title Countess of Carladès, Countess of Polignac by her father.

## Titles and styles
*10 December 2014 Her Serene Highness  The Hereditary Princess of Monaco (17:04 CET-17:06 CET)
*10 December 2014-present Her Serene Highness Princess Gabriella of Monaco, Countess of Carlades

## References
|-

|-
Dishwashing liquid

**Dishwashing liquid** is liquid detergent. It is used for washing dishes. It is designed not to hurt people's skin while they are washing dishes. This liquid is useful for cleaning oil because dishwashing liquid reduces the surface tension of oil and, when washed with water, the oil can be washed away. It is also used to clean sea birds if they get covered in oil after a spill.

The main chemical in dishwashing liquid is phosphate.

## References
Masudur Rahman Baidya

**Masudur Rahman Baidya** (1968 &ndash; 26 April 2015) was an Indian swimmer. He was the world's first physically handicapped swimmer to swim across the English Channel (1997), the Strait of Gibraltar (2001), and the Palk Strait (2010). He was a double amputee below the knees.

Baidya was born in Ballabhpur, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. He has married and had two daughters.

Baidya died from a heart attack on 26 April 2015 in Kolkata, aged 46.

## References
Capitalist Party

The **Capitalist Party** (Norwegian: *Liberalistene*) is a political party in Norway that believes in Classical Liberalism. This platform pushes for a minimal government, personal liberty, and a free market.
Candice Swanepoel

**Candice Susan Swanepoel** is a South African model.

## Career
In 2010, Swanepoel became a Victoria's Secret Angel.

## References
Airbus A320neo family

Airbus A320 (2016).]]

The **Airbus A320neo family** is a new family of the Airbus A320 family being designed by the European aerospace company Airbus. The letters "neo" stand for "New Engine Option." The family will replace the Airbus A320 family of airplanes. It will be able to carry 160-240 passengers. The aircraft had its first flight on 25 September 2014.

## References
2015 Baltimore protests

The **2015 Baltimore unrest** (also known as the **Baltimore uprising**) were protests that began on April 25, 2015 in Baltimore, Maryland. The protests happened in response to the death of an African American man named Freddie Gray. Gray was 25 years old. He lived in Baltimore. He had been arrested for having a switchblade. He was in good health when he was arrested. Later, he had injuries to his spine and larynx as a result of being improperly secured in the police fan, ultimately leading to a coma. He died the following week.

Over 200 people were arrested. A state of emergency was declared in Baltimore. The city was later put under curfew.

## References
Briard

The **Briard** (or **Berger de Brie**, Shepherd (dog) from Brie) is a French kind of dog. Originally, the Briard was used for herding livestock. The Briard is an old race of dogs, which is mentioned in a manuscript of the 14th century (about hunting). The Briards exist in different colors, the most common ones are pale brown and black. The Briard is a long-haired breed of dog; the short-haired Beauceron is probably the same race. The Briard is a working dog breed; it has also been used as a search-and-rescue dog, and in certain roles as a therapy dog, for example to help people with certain conditions, such as those with Post-traumatic stress disorder.
Guy LeBlanc

**Guy LeBlanc** (October 16, 1960 &ndash; April 27, 2015) was a Canadian keyboardist and composer. He led his own progressive rock band Nathan Mahl. He also had been a member of the British progressive band Camel from 2000 until his death.

LeBlanc was born in Moncton, New Brunswick. He was married and had children.

LeBlanc died from kidney cancer on April 27, 2015, aged 54.

## References
## Other websites
*
Antônio Abujamra

**Antônio Abujamra** (15 September 1932 &ndash; 28 April 2015) was a Brazilian theatre and television director and actor. His notable works included *Carlota Joaquina, Princess of Brazil* (1995), *Terra Nostra* (1999), *Villa-Lobos: A Life of Passion* (2000), *Começar de Novo* (2004), *Poder Paralelo* (2009), *Assalto ao Banco Central* (2011), *Brichos – A Floresta é Nossa* (2012) and *Corações Feridos* (2012)

Abujamra was born in 1932 in Ourinhos, São Paulo. He was of Lebanese ancestry. He majored in journalism and philosophy at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul in 1957. His son is musician André Abujamra (born 1965).

Abujamra died from a heart attack on 28 April 2015 in São Paulo, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Seed drill

, Minneapolis, Minnesota]]

A **seed drill** is a sowing device that sows the seed precisely in the soil at proper depth and distance. Then it covers them with soil. It protects the seeds from birds and saves time and labour.

Jethro Tull is widely thought of as having invented the seed drill, though earlier the Sumerians used a single-tube seed drill, and the Chinese had also used a multi-tube seed drill.  The use of a seed drill can improve the ratio of crop yield (seeds harvested per seed planted) by as much as nine times.

## References 
 double-tube seed drill, published by Song Yingxing in the *Tiangong Kaiwu* encyclopedia of 1637]]
Tommy Shane Steiner

**Tommy Shane Steiner** (born October 9, 1973 in Austin, Texas) is an American country music artist. He made his debut in 2001 with the single "What If She's an Angel". The song reached No.&nbsp;2 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. It was the first of three chart singles from his singular album *Then Came the Night* which was released in 2002. The album peaked at No. 6 on the Country Albums chart.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Then Came the Night* (2002)

;Singles
* "What If She's an Angel" (2001)

## Related pages
* List of country musicians from Texas

## Sources
Templers (religious believers)

**Templers** are members of the Temple Society (). It is a German Protestant sect. Their roots are in the Pietist movement of the Lutheran Church. The Templers were led from the church in 1858. This was because of their millennial beliefs. Their aim was to realize the apocalyptic visions of the prophets of Israel in the Holy Land.

Christoph Hoffmann ed the Temple society in 1861. He had 60 s when they left the Wuerttemberg state (Lutheran) church. Hoffmann believed his  was to build Christian communities in the Holy land. They founded Templer communities at Haifa (1869), Sarona (1871) and Rephaim near Jerusalem (1873).

## References
Otakar Krámský

**Otakar Krámský** (1 July 1959 &ndash; 25 April 2015) was a Czech hillclimbing racecar driver. He began his career during the early 1970s. He won three European Hill Climb Championship. 

Krámský died after his racecar crashed during a race in Styria, Austria, aged 55.

## Other websites
* Oficial website
Jean Nidetch

**Jean Nidetch **(born **Jean Evelyn Slutsky**, October 12, 1923 – April 29, 2015) was an American businesswoman. She was the co-founder of the Weight Watchers organization. She founded the organization in 1963.

Nidetch died on April 29, 2015, in Parkland, Florida at age 91.

## References
Rodrigo Gularte

**Rodrigo Muxfeldt Gularte** (13 July 1972, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil – 29 April 2015, Central Java, Indonesia) was a Brazilian drug-trafficker. He was executed in Indonesia by firing squad for drug trafficking after being sentenced in 2006.

## References
Jack Ely

**Jack Ely** (September 11, 1943 – April 27, 2015) was an American guitarist and singer. He was best known for singing the Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie". Ely was born in Portland, Oregon.

Ely died at his Oregon farm residence on April 27, 2015 age 71, having long suffered from an unknown illness. "Because of his religious beliefs, we’re not even sure what it [the illness] was," his son Sean Ely said.

## References
Verne Gagne

**Laverne Clarence** "**Verne**" **Gagne** (February 26, 1926 – April 27, 2015) was an American professional wrestler, football player, wrestling trainer, and wrestling promoter. He was the owner and promoter of the Minneapolis, Minnesota-based American Wrestling Association (AWA). He remained in this position until 1991, when the company folded.

## Death of Helmut Gutmann
On January 26, 2009, Gagne got into an altercation with Helmut Gutmann, a 97-year-old resident of the Bloomington, Minnesota facility where they both resided. According to Gutmann's widow, who was not present during the altercation, Gagne picked Gutmann up and hurled him to the floor, then broke his hip by pulling back on his body. Gutmann was admitted to the hospital, and died on February 14 from complications of the injury. 

On February 25, 2009, the older man's death was officially ruled a homicide by the Hennepin County medical examiner's office.

## Death
On the night of April 27, 2015, Gagne died in Bloomington, Minnesota at the age of 89 from Alzheimer's disease.

## References
## Other websites
*Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame Profile of Verne Gagne 
*WWE Hall of Fame Profile of Verne Gagne
Xu Guangxian

**Xu Guangxian** (; November 7, 1920 – April 28, 2015), was a Chinese chemist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Science. He was former president of the Chinese Chemical Society. He was known as "The Father of Chinese Rare Earths Chemistry".

## References
Calvin Peete

**Calvin Peete** (July 18, 1943 – April 29, 2015) was an American professional golfer. He was the most successful African-American on the PGA Tour, with 12 wins, before Tiger Woods. Peete was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Peete died of lung cancer, in Atlanta, Georgia on April 29, 2015, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Calvin Peete Golf Companies
René Féret

**René Féret** (26 May 1945 &ndash; 28 April 2015) was a French actor, screenwriter, movie director and producer. He was known for his movie *Solemn Communion*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Suzanne Crough

**Suzanne J. Crough** (March 6, 1963 &ndash; April 27, 2015) was an American actress best known for her role as Tracy Partridge, from the hit television sitcom *The Partridge Family*, which ran from September 25, 1970 until March 23, 1974.

Crough was born in Fullerton, California. She was married and had two daughters.

Crough died on April 27, 2015 at her home in Laughlin, Nevada from cardiomyopathy, aged 52.

## References
## Other websites
*
Deng Minghe

**Deng Minghe** (; 8 June 2006 &ndash; 28 April 2015) was a Chinese actor of yu opera. He was best known for opening the 2012 ''CCTV New Year's Gala* on China Central Television (CCTV), performing a folk song. He also appeared in the Henan Television series *Liyuanchun'' in 2010. He was born in Handan, Hebei.

Deng died from leukemia on 28 April 2015 in Beijing, aged 8. He had the disease once before and recovered after five rounds of chemotherapy in 2013. However, in February 2015, his condition got worse.

## References
Scarborough, Western Australia

**Scarborough** is a coastal suburb on the northern beaches of Perth, Western Australia.

Scarborough Beach is a popular beach in Western Australia. The beach has white sand made of sea shells and limestone. This makes the sand , not .  There is seaweed and reefs further out into the ocean waters.

To the south is Brighton Beach, and further to the north is Trigg Beach. Scarborough has full-time surfing and lifeguard volunteers present, throughout the warm and hot summer months.

## References
Gene Fullmer

**Gene Fullmer** (July 21, 1931 – April 27, 2015) was an American middleweight boxer and world champion. Fullmer began his professional career in 1951 and won his first 29 fights, 19 by knockout. His manager during many years of his career was his mentor, Marv Jensen, who encouraged many youth in West Jordan, Utah, to enter boxing as amateurs.

On April 27, 2015, Fullmer died at the age of 83 in his home in West Jordan, Utah surrounded by friends and family.

## References
Emil Doepler

**Emil Doepler the younger** (29 October 1855 – 21 December 1922) was an illustrator, painter and teacher. Today he is seen as one of the people who influenced the Art Nouveau movement. Emil Doepler's father was Carl Emil Doepler. Doepler designed the coat of arms of the Weimar Republic. 

## Related pages
*List of German painters