open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
University of North Carolina at Greensboro

The **University of North Carolina at Greensboro** is a public university in Greensboro, North Carolina. The university has about 18,502 students. It was founded in 1891. The current chancellor of the university is Linda P. Brady.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Spartans. They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Southern Conference.

## Other websites
*University of North Carolina at Greensboro's Official website
*UNC Greensboro Spartans' Official athletics website
East Tennessee State University

**East Tennessee State University** is a public university in Johnson City, Tennessee. The university has about 15,000 students. It was founded in 1911. The current president of the university is Brian Noland.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Buccaneers. They have 18 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Southern Conference. The football team, which will resume play in 2015 after a 12-year absence, will play the 2015 season as an independent (not in a conference).

## Other websites
* East Tennessee State University's Official website
* East Tennessee State Buccaneers' Official athletics website
Coastal Athletic Association

The **Coastal Athletic Association** (**CAA**), known before July 20, 2023 as the **Colonial Athletic Association**,  is a NCAA conference that plays in NCAA Division I. The conference is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia and features universities and colleges from the Eastern United States.

The CAA was founded in 1979 when the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) split its basketball league into several conferences. It was first known as the ECAC South Basketball League, and became the Colonial Athletic Association in 1985 when it added other sports. The first word of the conference name was changed to "Coastal" in 2023.

The CAA plays 23 sports in all—10 for men and 13 for women. Its (American) football league is a separate conference marketed as CAA Football (in full, the Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference).

## Members
These colleges and universities are "full members" of the CAA, meaning that they play almost all of the sports that the CAA sponsors.

### CAA Football
The CAA has run a separate football conference, branded as CAA Football, since the 2007 season. CAA Football plays in Division I FCS (Football Championship Subdivision), the lower of two levels of NCAA Division I football. Although the multi-sports CAA dates only to 1979, the football conference officially traces its history to 1947, and its history can be traced further back to the late 1930s.

In 1938, five schools in New England formed the New England Conference. When one of the schools left in 1945, the other schools joined with two other New England schools to form the Yankee Conference, which began play in 1947. CAA Football does not include the New England Conference in its own history, but instead considers the Yankee Conference to be its earliest ancestor.  In 1975, the Yankee Conference dropped all sports other than football, and over time many schools outside of New England joined the league. Due to changes in NCAA rules in 1997, the Yankee Conference merged into the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10). After the CAA announced plans to start a football league in 2007, all of the A-10 football teams decided to join the CAA for that sport, and the CAA created the separate conference of CAA Football.

Of the members of the multi-sports CAA, Campbell, Elon, Hampton, Monmouth, North Carolina A&T, Stony Brook, Towson, and William & Mary have football teams. The other schools that play in CAA Football are:

Villanova and William & Mary will leave CAA Football in 2026 for the Patriot League. W&M will stay in the multi-sports CAA.

### Future CAA Football member
CAA Football will add a new member in 2026. 

### Other associate members
The CAA has several other associate members, each of which plays one sport in the conference. In addition to these, CAA Football member Villanova became a single-sport member of the multi-sports CAA in 2015. It will keep its CAA sport in that conference after leaving CAA Football in 2026.

## References
*
Belmont University

**Belmont University** is a private, coeducational university in Nashville, Tennessee. The university has about 5,936 students. It was founded in 1890. The current president of the university is Robert Fisher.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university, called the Bruins, mostly play in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC). The men's tennis team plays in the Horizon League because the MVC sponsors tennis only for women.

## Other websites
*Belmont University's Official website
*Belmont Bruins Official athletics website
Campbell University

**Campbell University** is a private, coeducational baptist university in Buies Creek, North Carolina. The university has about 10,471 students. It was founded in 1887. The current president of the university is Jerry M. Wallace.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Fighting Camels. They have 18 varsity teams which mostly compete in the Coastal Athletic Association (CAA), with its (American) football team playing in CAA Football, a league run by the multi-sports CAA as a separate organization.

## Notable alumni
## Notable faculty 
* Jenna Carpenter
* David Funderburk
* Thom Goolsby
* Paul Newby
## References-
## Other websites
* 
* Campbell Athletics website
*Campbell University Yearbooks and Catalogs. North Carolina Digital Heritage Center
Idaho State University

**Idaho State University** is a public university in Pocatello, Idaho. The university has about 15,553 students. It was founded in 1901. The current president of the university is Robert W. Wagner.

## Sports
The men's athletics teams of the university are called the Bengals. They have 15 varsity teams and they compete in the Big Sky Conference.

## Other websites
*Idaho State University's Official website
*Idaho State Bengals' Official athletics website
Florida Gulf Coast University

**Florida Gulf Coast University** is a public, coeducational university in Fort Myers, Florida. The university has about 12,024 students. It was founded in 1991. The current president of the university is Wilson G. Bradshaw.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Eagles and they have 15 varsity teams. They compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference.

## Other websites
* Florida Gulf Coast University's Official website
* FGCU Eagles' Official athletics website
Lipscomb University

**Lipscomb University** is a private, coeducational university in Nashville, Tennessee. The university has about 3,742 students. It was founded in 1891. The current president of the university is Candice McQueen.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Bisons and they compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference.

## Other websites
*Lipscomb University's Official website
*Lipscomb Bisons' Official athletics website
Kennesaw State University

**Kennesaw State University** is a public, coeducational university in Cobb County, Georgia, near the city limits of Kennesaw. The university has over 45,000 students. It was founded in 1963. The current president of the university is Daniel S. Papp.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Owls and they have 15 varsity teams. Most teams compete in Conference USA (CUSA), which KSU joined in 2024.

## Other websites
*Kennesaw State University's Official website
*Kennesaw State Owls' Official athletics website
University of South Carolina Upstate

**University of South Carolina Upstate** is a public university in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The university has about 4,608 students. It was founded in 1967. The current chancellor of the university is Bennie Harris.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Spartans. They have 13 varsity teams. They compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference.

## Other websites
*University of South Carolina Upstate's Official website
*South Carolina Upstate Spartans' Official athletics website
Stetson University

**Stetson University** is a private, co-educational university in DeLand, Florida. The university has about 2,200 students. It was founded in 1883. The current president of the university is Christopher F. Roellke. 

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Hatters. They compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference.

## References
## Other websites
*Stetson University's Official website
*Stetson Hatters' Official athletics website
University of North Florida

The **University of North Florida** (**UNF**) is a public university in Jacksonville, Florida. The university has about 16,509 students. Its campus comprises 1,300 acres amid a natural preserve on Jacksonville's Southside. It was founded in 1969. The current president is Moez Limayem.

UNF was established in 1965 and began offering classes in 1972. UNF was initially designated an upper division college for juniors and seniors. It began admitting freshmen in 1984.

The university has 220 clubs and organizations for students as well as an active student government and Greek life. The student-run newspaper *The Spinnaker* is published monthly. The university's intercollegiate athletics teams are known as the Ospreys, and are currently members of the Atlantic Sun Conference in NCAA Division I.

## History
The university was founded in 1969 after  midway between downtown Jacksonville and the Jacksonville Beaches were set aside for the campus,  of which were donated by the Skinner family of Jacksonville. Construction on classrooms and buildings began in 1971 and UNF opened in the fall of 1972 with an initial enrollment of 2,027 juniors, seniors and graduate students, supported by 117 faculty and more than 150 staff. Originally, like the other Florida state institutions opened around this time, UNF was designated as a "senior" college, meaning that it would enroll only upperclassmen and graduate students.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Ospreys. They have 10 varsity teams. They compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference.

## Other sources
## Other websites
* 
*North Florida Ospreys' Official athletics website
Jacksonville University

**Jacksonville University** is a private university in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. The university has about 3,600 students. It was founded in 1934. The current president of the university is Tim Cost.

## Sports
The athletic teams of the university are called the Dolphins and they have 20 varsity teams. They compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference.

## References 
## Other websites
*Jacksonville University's official website
*Jacksonville Dolphins' official athletics website
Oomycete

The **Oomycota** are a class in a huge phylum of eukaryotic microorganisms called the heterokonts. **Oomycetes** are a distinct phylogenetic line of fungus-like microorganisms.

They are not actually fungi, though some have filaments as fungi do. Like fungi, they are saprophytic and pathogenic. also like fungi, oomycetes rarely have septa, and if they do, they are scarce.

They are microscopic organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually. Oomycetes are some of the most prolific pathogens of plants, causing devastating diseases such as potato blight and sudden oak death.

They are often referred to as **water moulds** (or moulds), although the water-loving nature which led to that name is not true of most species, which are terrestrial pathogens.

## Reproduction 
'' (Peronosporales) on potato.]]

Most oomycetes produce two types of spores. The main dispersing spores are asexual, self-mobile spores called zoospores. These do chemotaxis toward a food source in surface water. A few oomycetes produce asexual spores that are distributed by wind. Oomycetes also produce sexual spores, called "oospores". These are translucent, double-walled, spherical structures which can survive harsh conditions.

## Notes
Hurricane Helene (1958)

**Hurricane Helene** was one of the most powerful Atlantic storms of 1958. The storm's peak winds were 135 miles per hour. This hurricane moved north of the West Indies and brushed the United States' east coast. Helene was the only hurricane to affect the United States in 1958.
Garter snake

The **garter snake** (*Thamnophis sirtalis*) is a Colubrid snake.

It is common across North America between Alaska/Canada and Central America. It is the single most widely distributed genus of reptiles in North America. It is famous for its resistance to the poison produced by the rough-skinned newt. Garter snakes are actually venomous, just not to humans, since the amount of toxin in their saliva is too weak to really cause damage to a human. The worst they could do to a human is musk on them, or bite them and leave a harmless . In fact, cat bites are probably more serious than garter snake bites. They prey on rodents, small fish, small birds, salamanders, earthworms (not red wigglers, as they are bad for them) insects, and insect larva. They are attracted to water sources and hiding spots.   

You can identify a garter snake because almost every species has a stripe running down its back, the color varying and depending on the species, as there are many different species of garter snakes. They are incredibly common animals, settling in backyards and local woods. All snakes like to hide, including garters, even if they are incredibly common and small. They hide under leaves, trees, bricks and rocks stacked up, plants, sticks, and anything they can find. People trying to catch garters look for them under these places.   

Like most snakes, female garters tend to be longer than the males, so that is one form of sexing them.  
## Related pages 
*Rough-skinned newt
*Warning colouration#Toxin resistance
Higher Learning

***Higher Learning*** is a 1995 American drama movie directed by John Singleton and starring Ice Cube, Laurence Fishburne, Tyra Banks, Jennifer Connelly, Kristy Swanson and Omar Epps. Its subjects include racial prejudice, crime and struggles with sexuality taking place at a fictional university.

## Other websites 
*
Hernandez (wrestler)

**Shawn Hernandez** (born February 11, 1973 in Houston, Texas) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known by the ring name, **Hernandez.** He is currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Hernandez is also known for forming the tag team stable, The Latin American Xchange with Homicide which ended when he was betrayed by Homicide and was attacked by him on the September 10 edition of TNA Impact!. 

He has been a two time NWA World Tag Team Champion with Homicide and a two time TNA World Tag Team Champion with Homicide (once) and Matt Morgan (once). He also won the Deuces Wild Tournament in 2008 with Homicide.

His finishing move is called the *Border Toss* which is a throwing crucifix powerbomb.

## References
## Other websites 
*Shawn Hernandez's Official website 
*Shawn Hernandez's TNA profile
Albany County, Wyoming

**Albany County** is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming, and was created on December 16, 1868. As of 2020, 37,066 people lived there. Albany County's seat is Laramie.

## Communities
]]

### City
*Laramie (county seat)

### Town
*Rock River

### Census-designated places
*Albany
*Centennial
*Fox Park
*Woods Landing-Jelm

### Unincorporated communities
*Binford
*Bosler
*PhinDeli
*Garrett
*Harmony
*The Buttes
*Tie Siding

## References
## Other websites
*Official county website
Manufacturing engineering

press manufacturing.]]**Manufacturing engineering** is a field of engineering dealing with the design, development, and implementation of integrated systems of humans, machines, and information resources to provide products and services.

Manufacturing engineering applies knowledge and skills in the physical, social, engineering, and management sciences, as well as in human sciences, computer systems and information technologies, manufacturing processes, operations research, production, and automation.

## Related pages
*Civil engineering
*Structural engineering
*Electrical engineering

## Notes
Nuclear engineering

]]
**Nuclear engineering** is a field of engineering dealing with application of atomic nuclei breakdown and other sub-atomic physics, based on the principles of nuclear physics. It includes the interaction and maintenance of nuclear fission systems and components such as nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants, and nuclear weapons.

Nuclear engineering also includes the study of nuclear fusion, medical and other applications of radiation, radiation safety, heat transport, nuclear fuel and other related technologies, nuclear proliferation, and the effect of radioactive waste or radioactivity on the environment.

## Other websites 
* Major: Nuclear Engineering 
* Nuclear Science and Engineering

## Notes
Natrona County, Wyoming

**Natrona County** is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It was created on December 16, 1868. As of 2020, 79,955 people lived there. Natrona County's seat is Casper.

## Communities
### Cities
* Casper (county seat)

### Towns
* Bar Nunn
* Edgerton
* Evansville
* Midwest
* Mills

### Census-designated places
* Alcova
* Antelope Hills
* Bessemer Bend
* Brookhurst
* Casper Mountain
* Hartrandt
* Homa Hills
* Meadow Acres
* Mountain View
* Powder River
* Red Butte
* Vista West

### Unincorporated communities
* Arminto
* Hiland
* Natrona

## References
## Other websites
*Official county website
Edie Falco

**Edie Falco** (born July 5, 1963) is an American movie, television and stage actress. She plays Carmela in HBO's *The Sopranos*. She starred in *Nurse Jackie* as the title character. She also acted in many movies.

## Other websites 
*
Systems engineering

**Systems engineering** is a field of engineering that deals with complex engineering projects which should be designed and managed over the life cycle of the project. Therefore, issues such as logistics, the coordination of different teams, and automatic control of machinery become really complicated. Systems engineering deals with work-processes and tools to handle such projects. For this, it applies both technical and human-centered disciplines such as control engineering, industrial engineering, organizational studies, and project management.

## Notes
University of Wisconsin–Green Bay

The **University of Wisconsin–Green Bay** is a public university in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and a part of the University of Wisconsin System. The university has about 6,549 students. It was founded in 1965. The current chancellor of the university is Michael Alexander.

## Sports
The university calls itself "Green Bay" for sports purposes, and its teams use the nickname of Phoenix. The school has 16 varsity teams that compete in the Horizon League.

## Other websites
*University of Wisconsin–Green Bay's Official website
*Green Bay Phoenix official athletics website
Cymbeline

***The Tragedy of Cymbeline***  is a play by William Shakespeare. It is based on a story in a book called ''Holinshed's Chronicles* by Raphael Holinshed. Shakespeare also used *History of the Kings of Britain* by Geoffrey of Monmouth about the real-life British king Cunobelinus. Shakespeare also used a story in a book by Giovanni Boccaccio called *Decameron'' for some details. The first known performance was in April 1611. It was first printed in 1623 in the First Folio, a collection of all of Shakespeare's plays. 

## References
## Other websites
* Cymbeline  – searchable, indexed e-text
* Cymbeline  – Full text at M.I.T.
* Cymbeline  – Scene-indexed play
* Cymbeline – HTML version.
* Cymbeline – Scene-indexed and searchable version of the text.
* Cymbeline  – plain text from Project Gutenberg
* Cymbeline – different plain text edition
Mercer University

**Mercer University** is a private, coeducational university in Macon, Georgia. The university has about 8,000 students. It was founded in 1833. The current president of the university is William D. Underwood.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Bears. They have 19 varsity teams that mostly compete in the Southern Conference (SoCon). Two women's sports that are not sponsored by the SoCon, beach volleyball and lacrosse, play in the Atlantic Sun Conference.

## Other websites
*Mercer University's Official website
*Mercer Bears' Official athletics website
Leigh Francis

**Leigh Francis** (born 30 April 1973) is an English comedy performer best known for his portrayal of  celebrity-obsessed character Avid Merrion in Channel 4 comedy programme ''Bo' Selecta!*, as well as Northern businessman Keith Lemon in *Keith Lemon's Very Brilliant World Tour* and *Celebrity Juice*. As Keith Lemon, he has also made many appearances on *Big Brother's* companion shows *Big Brother's Little Brother* and *Big Brother's Big Mouth''.

## Filmography 
* Keith Lemon: The Film (2012)

## Other websites 
*
*Leigh Francis Official Website
Electropop

**Electropop** (also called **technopop**) is a musical genre in which electronic music and pop music are combined together. The genre has been popular since the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. "Electropop" is the short form of "electronic pop".
Three's Company

'''''Three's Company'''* is an American situation comedy. It aired on the ABC network. It began in March 1977 and ended in September 1984.

The show is a remake of the British sitcom *Man About the House''. Nowadays the domestic distribution rights are handled by creator Don L. Taffner's estate and the international rights are handled by FremantleMedia (whose company Thames originated the sitcom *Man About the House*).

The show is set in Santa Monica, California. It is about a man pretending to be gay so his landlord won't evict him, it is also about financial struggling such as the roommates not being able to pay their rent. The sitcom heavily relies on innuendo and sexy misunderstandings. It is also a comedy of errors. The show had two spinoffs also based on Britcoms: *The Ropers* (*George & Mildred*) & ''Three's a Crowd* (*Robin's Nest*).

The series was later the subject of the made-for-TV movie *Behind the Camera: the Unauthorized Story of Three's Company''. The movie showed how cast changes led to the show ending.

## Cast
*John Ritter,
*Joyce DeWitt
*Suzanne Somers, 
*Jenilee Harrison
*Priscilla Barnes
*Richard Kline
*Ann Wedgeworth (who only appeared in eleven episodes of season four)
*Norman Fell
*Audra Lindley (Fell and Lindley left after season three for their own series)
*Don Knotts (who played the new landlord)

## Other websites 
*
Dance-pop

**Dance-pop** is a genre of pop music that originated in the 1980s and is still popular nowadays. It incorporates elements of normal pop music, and it is (usually) fast-paced and upbeat. This is a common genre for many artists, including Lady Gaga, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Rihanna, Kesha, Britney Spears, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, and Katy Perry.

## Artists
* Mel and Kim
* Michael Jackson

## References
Mechatronics engineering

**Mechatronics** (or **mechatronic engineering**) is a combination of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, computer engineering, control engineering, and systems-design engineering in order to design and manufacture some useful products. Mechatronics is an engineering system design that combines several areas of study and avoids splitting engineering into separate disciplines.

## Related pages
*Cybernetics
*Mechanical engineering
*Computer engineering
*Control engineering
*Electronic engineering
*Systems engineering

## Notes
Doc Walker

**Doc Walker** is a country music band from Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada, which is near Winnipeg. Band members are Murray Pulver - guitars and vocals, Chris Thorsteinson - lead vocals and guitars, Dave Wasyliw - vocals and guitars. They have been together since the band formed in 1995, have been called "the hardest working country band in Canada".

They have had several Top 10 songs on the charts. Hits include "Beautiful Life", "From Here", and "I'm Gonna Make You Love Me". Other great songs are "That Train", "North Dakota Boy", "Rocket Girl", "Driving With the Breaks On", "Coming Home", and "Whoever Made Those Rules". 

“Simplicity is the best hook sometimes,” - Chris Thorsteinson.

Doc Walker is signed to Open Road Recordings and managed by RGK Entertainment Group.

"Coming Home" was released to radio in June 2009, as the lead single from the group's sixth studio album, *Go*, released in early September 2009.

"Country Girl" was released to radio in July 2011, as the lead single from the group's seventh studio album, *16 & 1*, released August 29 physically and August 30, 2011, digitally

## Other websites
*http://www.cmt.ca/Artist/DocWalker  
*http://docwalker.ca/
Repenomamus

***Repenomamus*** is the largest known mammal from the Cretaceous period. Its fossil was found in Manchuria.

There is good evidence that it fed on dinosaurs. It is not known whether *Repenomamus* was a hunter or a scavenger.

## Life style 
*Repenomamus* was carnivorous.  A specimen of *R. robustus* has been discovered with the fragmentary skeleton of a juvenile *Psittacosaurus* preserved in its stomach. 

This is the strongest evidence that Mesozoic mammals fed on dinosaurs, though there were earlier indications of this.

The larger species, *R. giganticus*, is the largest mammal known from the Cretaceous. *R. giganticus* was more than 1 metre (39&nbsp;inches) long and weighed about 12–14&nbsp;kg (26–31&nbsp;lb). Its skull measures 16&nbsp;cm (6.25&nbsp;in) long, its body 52&nbsp;cm (20.5&nbsp;in), and the preserved part of its tail 36&nbsp;cm (14&nbsp;in).  

## Discovery 
The fossils were recovered from the lagerstätte of the Yixian Formation in the Liaoning Province of China, renowned for its extraordinarily well-preserved fossils of feathered dinosaurs. They have been dated to 130 million years ago, during the Lower Cretaceous period.

*Repenomamus* is a genus of triconodonts, a group of mammaliaformes with no modern relatives. 

## References
Laura Ingraham

**Laura Anne Ingraham** (born 19 June 1963) is an American conservative political commentator, author and radio host. Her nationally syndicated talk show *The Laura Ingraham Show* was broadcast for nine years on the Talk Radio Network. She has been known for her controversial statements against the left wing party. She studied Spanish and Russian.

Ingraham has dated George Conway and Dinesh D'Souza, fellow conservatives.

In April 2005, Ingraham announced that she had undergone treatment for breast cancer.

She is a single parent of three children: a girl, Maria, from Guatemala adopted in 2008; a boy, Michael Dmitri, from Russia adopted in 2009; and a second boy, Nikolai Peter, adopted from Russia in 2011.

## References
Theriodont

**Theriodonts**  are a major group of therapsids. They are a clade which include not only the traditional theriodonts, but also their descendants the mammals as well (in the same way that theropod dinosaurs include the birds as a sub-clade).

They can be defined in traditional terms as a suborder of Synapsida that lived from the Middle Permian to the Middle Cretaceous. Theriodonts appeared about 265 million years ago, in the Middle Permian. Even these early theriodonts were more mammal-like than their relatives. 

Theriodonts fall into three main groups: Gorgonopsia, Therocephalia and Cynodontia. Early theriodonts may have been warm-blooded. Early forms were carnivorous, but several later groups became herbivorous during the Triassic. 

Theriodont jaws were more mammal-like than was the case of other therapsids, because their dentary (lower jaw) was larger, which gave them more efficient chewing. Several other bones that were previously on the lower jaw, moved into the ears, allowing the theriodonts to hear better and their mouths to open wider. This made the theriodonts the most successful group of synapsids. 

**Eutheriodonts** refer to all theriodonts except the gorgonopsians (the most primitive group). They included the therocephalians, cynodonts and their descendants – the mammals. The name means "true beast tooth". The eutheriodonts have larger skulls, accommodating larger brains and improved jaw muscles. 

The theriodonts (eutheriodonts) are one of the two synapsid survivors of the great Permian–Triassic extinction event, the other being the dicynodonts. Therocephalians included both carnivorous and herbivorous forms; both died out after the Lower Triassic.  

The remaining theriodonts, the cynodonts, also included carrnivores such as *Cynognathus*, as well as newly evolved herbivorous Traversodonts.  While Traversodonts for the most part remained medium-sized to reasonably large (length of largest species up to 2 meters), the carnivorous forms became progressively smaller as the Triassic progressed.  

By the Upper Triassic the small cynodonts included the rodent-like tritylodonts (possibly related to or descended from travsersodonts), and the tiny, shrew-like, trithelodonts, which evolved into the first mammals. The trithelodonts died out during the Jurassic, and the tritylodonts survived in the Cretaceous, but the mammals continued to evolve. Many mammal groups managed to survive the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event, which wiped out the non-avian dinosaurs, allowing the mammals to diversify and dominate the Earth.

## Notes
Peptide bond

s of Alanin form a peptide bond]]
A **peptide bond** is a special chemical bond that happens between two amino acids. In the reaction (called condensation), the two amino acids are combined into a *dipeptide*.
Population growth

[[File:Human population since 1800.png|alt=|thumb|317x317px|World human population estimates from 1800 to 2100, with estimated range of future population after 2020 based on "high" and "low" scenarios. Data from the United Nations projections in 2019.]]

**Population growth** is the  at which a population grows or expands. For example, if a population increased from 100 to 110 in a year, then it would have had a population growth of 10% per year.

**Population decline** is the opposite. It is when the population shrinks. It is also called **depopulation**. In 2024, the Cook Islands, Marshall Islands and Greece were the countries with the most population decline. The Cook Islands had the most decline out of the three.

## World population 
World population has been rising since the end of the Black Death, around the year 1350. 

Population began growing rapidly in the Western world during the industrial revolution. Several factors were notable: the coming of modern agriculture, and the control of epidemic diseases (black death, cholera, typhus). Modern water engineering brought clean water to many large cities. Deaths from world wars, especially WWI, reversed the trend, but only for a while. 

The most significant increase in the world's population has been since the 1950s in Asia and Latin America. Medical advances, and increases in farming, have been the main causes.

A single example is both astonishing and revealing. Since 1945, half the forests of Indonesia have been replaced with farmland. As late as 1900, Indonesia was still a densely forested country: forests covered 84 percent of the total land area. Deforestation became serious in the 1970s, and has gone faster since then. About 170 million hectares (estimated in 1900) decreased to less than 100 million hectares by the end of the 20th century. In 2008, it was estimated that tropical rainforests in Indonesia would be logged out in a decade. Of the total logging in Indonesia, up to 80% is said to be done illegally.

## Related pages
*Overpopulation
*Population density

## Further reading
*
* YAN Kun(2011). The tendency equation of the population and its limit value in the United Kingdom (Brief annotation of the connection equation(R)), Xi'an: Xi'an Modern Nonlinear Science Applying Institute.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Objectivism

**Objectivism** may mean:

*Objectivity (philosophy): A philosophical opinion or doctrine. It holds that reality exists outside (independent of) the human mind.

*Moral objectivism: that some acts are right or wrong in themselves, and are not matters of opinion.

*Objectivism (Ayn Rand). The objectivist philosophy created by novelist Ayn Rand, which endorses productive achievement and logical reasoning.

*The Objectivist poets, a group of Modernist writers who emerged in the 1930s.
Attila the Hun

**Attila**, or **Attila the Hun** (406-453), was a leader of the Huns from 434 AD until he died in 453 AD.He was one of the most common ruler. 

Attila led the Hunnic Empire, and was known as a feared military commander. He invaded Gaul, and nearly captured the city of Aurelianum. In 451 AD, he lost the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, the only one he ever lost. He also invaded Italy and attacked and looted several towns.

Attila died in 453. The traditional account of his death is that it happened the night after his marriage to a woman named Ildiko. The Huns declined in the years immediately after Attila's death.

## References
SEPTA

The **Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority** (**SEPTA**) is an agency that is in control of many types of transport, including buses, commuter rail, elevated rail and subways. It operates 13 "Regional Rail" services in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area.

## References
Mount Pinatubo

**Mount Pinatubo** is a stratovolcano on Luzon in the Philippines. It is near the Tri-Cabusilan Mountain range, separating Luzon's west coast from the central plains. 

Before 1991, the volcano was  and heavily eroded. It was covered with  forest, and several thousand indigenous people lived there. The volcano erupted in June 1991, destroying thousands of buildings and houses and killing over 800 people. It was the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century after the 1912 eruption of Novarupta and had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6. Mount Pinatubo's eruption effects were felt worldwide. There is now a caldera where before was the central cone.

It erupted in June 15, 1991 and is located on the island of Luzon in the Phillipines. Many lahars and pyroclastic flows damaged much of the infrastructure of the country. They also killed upwards of 800 people. Officials at the US marine base were able to evacuate many people, but property damage was costly, totaling billions of Phillipine pesos.
2010 United States Census

The **Twenty-Third United States Census**, known as **Census 2010** or **2010 Census** was a count of the population of the United States. It was done by the Census Bureau. It found that the population of the United States on April 1, 2010 was 308,745,538. This was an increase of 9.7 percent over the 281,421,906 people counted during the 2000 Census. This was the twenty-third federal census.

The Census Bureau did not use a long form for the 2010 Census. The 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions. Operational costs were $5.4 billion, under the $7 billion budget.

In August 2010, Commerce Secretary Gary Locke said that the census operational costs were a lot less than what they thought it would be. Their budget was almost $7 billion, but they saved:
*$650 million was saved in the budget for the door-to-door questioning (NRFU) phase because 72% of households returned mailed questionnaires;
*$150 million was saved because of lower-than-planned costs in areas including Alaska and tribal lands; and
*the $800 million emergency fund was not needed.

## References 
## Other websites 
*2010 Census
*2010 United States Census Form
*U.S. Census Bureau
*The 2010 Census: Winners and Losers  – slideshow by *Life magazine*
*How to deep link into US Census Bureau FactFinder2 , see FactFinder2 info
*Census: As Red States Grow, So Do Hispanic Populations Within – video report by *Democracy Now!*
South Dakota State University

**South Dakota State University** is a public university in Brookings, South Dakota. The university has about 12,816 students. It was founded in 1881. The current president of the university is Barry H. Dunn.

## Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Jackrabbits. They have 19 varsity teams, most of which compete in The Summit League. The football team plays in the Missouri Valley Football Conference.

## Sources
## Other websites
* South Dakota State University's Official website
* South Dakota State Jackrabbits' Official athletics website
DJ Hero

***DJ Hero*** is a music video game, released on October 27, 2009 in North America, October 28, 2009 in Australia and on October 29, 2009 in Europe. The game was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Wii video game consoles. The game uses a turntable-shaped controller that allows players to simulate the motions of a DJ. The game is a spin-off of the *Guitar Hero* video game series. It was well-received by journalists. GameSpot gave the game a 8.0 for both the 360 and PS3 and IGN gave the game a 9.0 for both the 360 and PS3. The game had such good sales that it produced a sequel called *DJ Hero 2*.

## References
## Other websites
* DJ Hero's official website
Brookings, South Dakota

**Brookings** is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Brookings County, and 23,377 people lived there at the 2020 census. Brookings was founded in 1883. The city of Brookings was named after Wilmot Wood Brookings, a pioneer promoter. South Dakota State University is located in Brookings. It is the largest university in the state.

## References 
## Other websites
*Brookings' Official city website
These Words

**"These Words"** is a pop and R&B single. It is sung by Natasha Bedingfield. It comes from Bedingfield's debut record *Unwritten*. It was the album's 2nd international single. The song hit top forty worldwide and was certified platinum for the United States and Australia. It was released in 2005 in the United States.
Black Rebel Motorcycle Club

**Black Rebel Motorcycle Club** is an American rock band from San Francisco, California. Black Rebel Motorcycle Club has three members in the band; the current band members are Peter Hayes, Robert Levon Been and Leah Shapiro. 

## Band members 
;Current
*Peter Hayes – vocals, guitar, bass, synthesizer
*Robert Levon Been – vocals, bass, guitar, piano
*Leah Shapiro – drums, percussion

;Former
*Nick Jago - drums, percussion 
*Peter Salisbury - drums, percussion 
*Michael "Spike" Keating - bass, guitar

## Discography 
### Albums
**B.R.M.C.* (2001)
**Take Them On, On Your Own* (2003)
**Howl* (2005)
**Baby 81* (2007)
**The Effects of 333* (2008)
*''Beat the Devil's Tattoo* (2010)
**Specter at the Feast* (2013)
**Wrong Creatures'' (2018)

## Other websites 
*Black Rebel Motorcycle Club's Official website
Mama's Family

'''''Mama's Family''''' was an American sitcom that aired beginning January 22, 1983 and ended February 24, 1990. The show was first canceled in May 1984, but returned in September 1986 in first-run syndication; between its cancellation and September 1985, NBC aired reruns of the sitcom.

The show's theme song is "Bless My Happy Home" by Emmy and Grammy award winner Peter Matz (music) and Vicki Lawrence (lyrics). The show's producers chose to use an instrumental version.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* The ''Mama's Family'' Site
Suze Orman

**Susan Lynn Orman**, better known as **Suze Orman** (born June 5, 1951) is an American financial advisor, motivational speaker, and television host. Orman was born in Chicago. She received her B.A. in social work. She worked as a financial advisor for Merrill Lynch. In 1983 she became the vice-president of investments at Prudential Bache Securities. In 1987, she founded the Suze Orman Financial Group. She hosts *The Suze Orman Show* on CNBC since 2002. Orman has written seven New York Times best seller books. She also hosted six PBS specials based on her books, for which she won two daytime Emmy Awards. In addition to this, she also hosts programs on QVC.
Jarome Iginla

**Jarome Arthur-Leigh Adekunle Tig Junior Elvis Iginla** (born July 1, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Calgary Flames, Pittsburgh Penguins, Boston Bruins, Colorado Avalanche and Los Angeles Kings.

He played in the WHL for the Kamloops Blazers where he played three seasons. He was drafted by the Dallas Stars with the 11th overall pick in the 1995 NHL Draft but did not play a game with them. He also played for the Calgary Flames for 16 years where he was the captain. He was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins on March 28, 2013 in exchange for Kenneth Agostino, Ben Hanowski, and a first-round draft pick in the 2013 NHL Draft. He played 28 combined games with the Penguins. He is a Christian of his father's faith. He is a part owner of the Kamloops Blazers.

On July 5, 2013, Iginla signed a one-year, $6 million contract with the Boston Bruins.

On July 1, 2014, Iginla signed three-year, $16 million contract with the Colorado Avalanche.

On March 1, 2017, the Avalanche traded Iginla to the Los Angeles Kings for a 2018 conditional fourth-round pick.

On July 30, 2018, Iginla announced his retirement.  He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on June 24, 2020.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Estelle Getty

**Estelle Getty** (July 25, 1923  July 22, 2008) was an American actress. She was born in New York City to Polish immigrants and was Jewish. She is best known for playing Sophia on the television show *The Golden Girls* from 19851992. She also starred in several motion pictures and other television sitcoms.

## Early life
Estelle Scher was the daughter of the Polish-Jewish immigrants Sarah and Charles Scher. Her father opened a glass business in New York City.

## Career
She had an acting career and got a job in New York and then, she began to appear in films.

From 1985-1992 she played in *The Golden Girls* as *Sophia Petrillo*. In 1986, she was awarded a Golden Globe Award and in 1988, an Emmy Award.
In the spinoff series *The Golden Palace* (1992-1993), she played the same role
After the end of *The Golden Girls* and *The Golden Palace* she played the role of *Sophia* in *Empty Nest*.

She was also in films like *Stuart Little* and *Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot* with Sylvester Stallone.

## Personal life and death
In 1947 she married Arthur Gettleman and took the surname of her husband. She changed the surname in Getty. In 2000 she was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and didn't appear in public. In 2004,  her husband died and she moved to Los Angeles.  She died in 2008,  just three days before her 85th birthday. In her later years, after retiring from acting, she also battled Lewy body dementia.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*Telegraph obituary
Finding Nemo (video game)

***Finding Nemo*** is an action-adventure video game. The game was released for the Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Nintendo GameCube video game consoles. The game was also released for the Macintosh, Mobile phone, and for  Microsoft Windows. GameSpot gave the game a 6.2 for the Xbox, PS2 and GameCube and IGN gave the game a 6.0 for the Xbox, PS2 and GameCube. The game is based on the 2003 movie *Finding Nemo*.

There was also a sequel for the Nintendo DS called, Finding Nemo: Escape to the Big Blue that was released on February 9, 2006. 

## Other websites
*Finding Nemo  at MobyGames
Frederick William III of Prussia

**Frederick William III** () (3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840.

## Life
Frederick William was born in Potsdam in 1770 as the son of Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia and Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt. He was considered to be a shy and reserved boy,

As a soldier he received the usual training of a Prussian prince, obtained his lieutenancy in 1784, became a colonel in 1790, and took part in the campaigns against France of 1792-1794. On December 24, 1793, Frederick William married Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. They had ten children. In the *Kronprinzenpalais* (Crown Prince's palace) in Berlin, Frederick William lived a civil life with a problem-free marriage, which did not change even when he became King of Prussia in 1797.

## Reign
He succeeded to the throne on 16 November 1797 and took over personal power without giving responsibility to his ministers. Unfortunately he was not able to follow a consistent course for himself.
His sense of duty can be seen from this quote:

At first Frederick William tried to follow a policy of neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars. But in the end he entered into war in October 1806. On 14 October 1806, at the Battle of Jena-Auerstädt, the French defeated the Prussian army, and it collapsed.  The royal family fled to East Prussia, where  Emperor Alexander I of Russia (who, rumour has it, had fallen in love with Queen Louise) helped them against Napoleon.

But Alexander was defeated as well. At Tilsit France made peace with Russia and Prussia. Napoleon dealt with Prussia very harshly, Prussia lost many of its Polish territories, as well as all territory west of the Elbe, and had to pay for French troops that occupied Prussia.

Although Frederick William himself resigned to Prussia's fate, his ministers set about a reform of Prussia's administration and military.
After Napoleon's defeat in Russia (1813) Frederick William turned against France and signed an alliance with Russia.  Prussian troops played a key part in the victories of the allies in 1813 and 1814.

At the Congress of Vienna, Frederick William's ministers succeeded in securing important territorial increases for Prussia. After the war, Frederick William did not keep the promises he had made in 1813 to supply Prussia with a constitution.

He died after a long illness in 1840. His eldest son, Frederick William IV, succeeded him.

## Ancestry
## Further reading 
* Thomas Stamm-Kuhlmann: *König in Preußens großer Zeit. Friedrich Wilhelm&nbsp;III., der Melancholiker auf dem Thron*. Siedler,  Berlin 1992.
* Dagmar von Gersdorff: *Königin Luise und Friedrich Wilhelm&nbsp;III. Eine Liebe in Preußen*. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2001. .

## Related pages
* Kingdom of Prussia

## Notes 
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|-
Aqua (band)

**Aqua** is a Danish-Norwegian group who sing dance-pop music. The group were first signed in 1994. They have made two studio albums, two compilation albums, two remix albums and sixteen singles. The group split up in 2001 and reformed in 2007.

## Discography
Blister

A **blister** is a small pocket of fluid in an upper layer of the skin caused by friction, burning or freezing. Most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum or plasma (blister water). Some blisters, however, are filled with blood; they are called blood blisters.

## Blood blisters 
A blood blister is a pocket of fluid filled with blood.
Saturn Outlook

The **Saturn Outlook** was a full-size crossover SUV that was built by General Motors' Saturn brand. The Outlook was made by the Saturn Corporation from 2006 to 2010 until Saturn went defunct in 2010. The Saturn Outlook replaced the Relay minivan, which was discontinued due to its unsuccessful sales. The vehicle received a 5 out of 5 stars for both frontal and side by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and was also named Insurance Institute for Highway Safety's Top Safety Pick in both 2008 and 2009. Although the Saturn brand is no longer active, GM has decided to use the base of the Outlook on the redesigned GMC Acadia.
Saturn Vue

The **Saturn Vue** was a car. It was a compact crossover SUV. General Motors made it. The Vue was part of the Saturn brand. The Saturn Corporation made it from 2002 to 2005.  The Vue was the first GM vehicle to use the Theta platform. 

In 2006 GM introduced the second generation of the Vue, built by Opel. It was a rebadged Opel Antara with changes for the American market. This generation of the Vue was sold from 2007-2009 until Saturn stopped selling cars in 2010. The Vue is still being made by the General Motors company. General Motors reintroduced the Vue to fleets and companies as the Chevrolet Captiva Sport. In September 2014 GM announced that it would stop making the Captiva Sport and start selling its new subcompact CUV the Trax instead. Until 2012 the Vue was the only Saturn model that was re-introduced later followed by the Outlook's body style being used on the Acadia.