open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Channel catfish

The **channel catfish** (*Ictalurus punctatus*), also called the **channel cat**, is a species of catfish. It's the official fish of several US states, which are Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Tennessee. In the US, it is the most fished catfish species. 

It has also been introduced in Europe, Asia and South America, and it's legally considered an invasive species in many countries.

## Characteristics 
These fish have a very keen sense of smell and taste. At the pits of their nostrils are sensitive odor-sensing organs with a high concentration of olfactory receptors.

The barbels of a channel catfish don't actually sting. This is believed by most people to be false. However, these catfish do have spines on their pectoral and dorsal fins. If you do not handle these properly, you'll most likely have injury.

### Length and weight 
Channel catfish have a top-end size of about 40–50 pounds (18–23 kg). The record-breaking channel cat weighed 58 pounds, and was caught in the Santee-Cooper Reservoir in South Carolina, on July 7, 1964. As channel catfish grow longer, they increase in weight.

## Ecology 
### Feeding 
Channel catfish have a lot of taste perception, hence called the swimming tongue, due to the presence of taste buds all over the external body surface and inside the oropharyngeal cavity.

### Communication 
This fish is adapted to limited light conditions. Members of the genus *Ictalurus* do not depend solely on visual cues.

#### Predator communication 
Channel catfish can communicate to predators. Pectoral stridulation has been considered to be the main means of agonistic communication towards predators in channel catfish. Relatively noisy sounds are used to startle and scare predators in a manner analogous to the well-documented, visual flash display of various lepidopterans.
]]

### Hearing 
The utricle is the primary area of hearing in most fishes (in this case, the channel catfish). The hearing ability is enhanced by the presence of the swim bladder. It is the part that reverberates the echo from other’s sounds. 

## References
## Other websites 
* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2011). "*Ictalurus punctatus*" in FishBase. December 2011 version.
Alfred Freddy Krupa

**Alfred Freddy Krupa (Krūppa)**  (born 14 June 1971, Karlovac, Yugoslavia) is a Croatian contemporary painter.
Multidisciplinary artist Alfred Freddy Krupa is considered a pioneering force in the New Ink Art movement, for which he has gained international recognition.

As of October 2020 with Massachusetts Institute of Technology Historical Popularity Index (HPI) of 47.05, Alfred Freddy Krupa is the 80th most famous living painter, the 5th most famous Croatian Painter, and the most famous living Croatian Painter.

Krupa graduated in 1995 at the Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb. Krupa also studied Art History (non-degree research) at the University of Zagreb (1997,1998) and in 1998/99 as the postgraduate research student at the Tokyo Gakugei University (東京学芸大学) or Gakudai (学大).

Krupas work has attracted public and professional attention from the beginning. For the first time his name was introduced to the general public in 1990 at the then mega-popular Yugoslav weekly "Vikend/Weekend". In the same year his first solo exhibition was held. Since early 1990's A.F. Krupa exhibited frequently and his works are part of a number of important collections worldwide.

Artfacts.net Global Artists Historical Ranking (all media) positioned A. F. Krupa around the 1300th place in 1997 based on the international exhibition history, with the similar rank for around 2 decades and in the TOP 10 Modern Ink painters (the list published on 22/02/2019). His works (notably contemporary watercolors, inks and portraits) has been presented at 6 continents in over 20 countries winning a number of awards.

In 2018 Krupa has become the first living Croatian artist to be included on Ranker’s list of famous painters. Ranker is popular Los Angeles based digital media company.

He is also known for his theoretical works related to the contemporary practice of the Modern Ink painting.

Alfred Krupa has set the world record for the longest ink drawing on raw canvas created using swan and goose feathers as paint brushes.

As interesting fact mention Krupa wears an Omega Seamaster Automatic Compressor 1970 since 1986. It is in his family for nearly 50 years, previously owned by his grandfather famous artist and inventor Alfred Krupa Sr.

## References
Xabier Arzalluz

**Javier Arzalluz Antia** (24 August 1932 – 28 February 2019) was a Spanish politician. He was leader of the Basque Nationalist Party from 1979 until 2004. He was a nationalist and a Christian Democrat. He was born in Azcoitia, Basque Country.

Besides his political role, he had also been a professor of Constitutional Law (in the Basque language) at the University of Deusto in Bilbao until 1999.

## References
Bombus lapidarius

***Bombus lapidarius*** is the red-tailed bumblebee. They are solitary bees usually found in holes in walls and the ground. 

The *Bombus lapidarius* usually emerges in early spring and hibernates from around august to march. A male or drone has a yellow head and a squared off tail whereas the female has a rounder tail and a black head. The bee lives nearly all over the globe and is most commonly found in Europe. They have a reasonably mild temprament and do not sting unless they feel threatened. They collect nectar from wildflowers such as heather and daisies. *Bombus lapidarius* lay their eggs in tubes and holes and cover the entrance with soil and leaf litter to hinder predators. The larvae chew through this layer and emerge as small bees. The *Bombus lapidarius* can live for up to 3 years depending on weather conditions.

## References
Roger Carel

**Roger Carel** (born **Roger Bancharel**; 14 August 1927 &ndash; 11 September 2020) was a French actor. He was known for his role as Asterix, the French voice of ''Star Wars''' C-3PO, and the French voice of Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet, and Rabbit in Winnie the Pooh.

He also voiced Wally Gator, Mickey Mouse, Yogi Bear, Kermit the Frog, Heathcliff, Foghorn Leghorn, ALF and many other famous characters in French. He was born in Paris, France.

Carel died at his home in Montfermeil, Seine-Saint-Denis, France on 11 September 2020, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ambroise-Paré Hospital

The **Hôpital Ambroise-Paré** is a hospital in the Boulogne-Billancourt, close to Paris. It is one of Europe's largest hospitals. It was created in 1923. It is a partner of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.

## References 
## Further reading 
*  Hôpital Ambroise-Paré
Vice President of Turkey

**The Vice President of Turkey,** is the second highest office holder in Turkey.

Turkeys new vice presidential office and Executive system was created when approved by vote it June 2018 and it abolished the office of the Prime Minister of Turkey.

The current Vice President is Cevdet Yılmaz who took office on 4 June 2023.

## List of vice presidents of Turkey (2018–present) 
;Political party

## References
Hundwil

**Hundwil** is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. 

## References 
## Other websites
Dungan people

The **Dungan people** are ethnic Muslims that came from China who live in regions of the former Soviet Union and Xinjiang. Their ancestors are the Hui people in China. Russians and Turkic-speaking peoples call them Dungan, but the Dungan call themselves Hui because that is what their ancestors called themselves. 

The Dungan language came from Mandarin Chinese, and it is most like the dialects in Gansu and Shaanxi provinces in China. The Dungan call their language the Hui language. Like Chinese, it is a tonal language. However, it is different from Chinese because it uses some words that are no longer used in Chinese dialects today. There are also many Arabic and Persian loanwords. Unlike Chinese, it is written using Cyrillic instead of Chinese characters.

## References
St. Paul, Arkansas

**St. Paul** is a town in the US state of Arkansas. It has a population of 111 according to the 2020 census data. The town is located at the edge of Northwest Arkansas region.

## References
## Other website
*Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry
*Community Events page for St. Paul, Arkansas
Cyclohexane

**Cyclohexane** is the cycloalkane molecule with the formula , with 6 carbon atoms connected to each other in a ring shape, and each connected to two hydrogen atoms. It is used when making adipic acid and caprolactam, which can them be used to make nylon. It has no color and is flammable.

## References
Cyclopropane

**Cyclopropane** is the cycloalkane molecule with the formula , with three carbon atoms connected to each other in a ring structure, and each carbon atom being connected to two hydrogen atoms. The ring is very small, and ring strain can take place because of this.

Cyclopropane is an anesthetic, meaning inhaling large quantities of the gas form that evaporates can send somebody to sleep, however today, other chemicals are used by medical professionals. It is also very reactive, and can explode when mixed with oxygen.

## References
Dungan language

The **Dungan language** is the native language of the Dungan people, a ethnic group living in regions of the former Soviet Union and Xinjiang who are descendants of Hui people. The Dungan call their own language the **Hui language**. It is a daughter language of Mandarin Chinese based on Gansu and Shaanxi dialects, and speakers of both dialects can largely understand each other. This is called mutual intelligibilty. Like Chinese, it is both tonal and analytic. However, differences between Dungan and Chinese are that Dungan is written in Cyrillic instead of Chinese characters and there are differences in vocabulary. Dungan has more Arabic and Persian loanwords and several terms are no longer used in Standard Chinese.

## References
Keith Flint

**Keith Charles Flint** (17 September 1969 – 4 March 2019) was a British singer in the group The Prodigy. He was the lead singer of the group for several years and sang on the hit songs "Firestarter" , "Breathe" and "Smack My Bitch Up". He was born in Redbridge, London and grew up in Springfield, Essex, England.

Keith was found dead at his home in Great Dunmow, Essex on 4 March 2019, at the age of 49. The cause of death was ruled as death by hanging. On 9 May 2019, the coroner’s officer, Linda Calder, ruled that there was not enough evidence for a suicide verdict.

## References
Analytic language

An **analytic language** is a language that organizes words and grammar by a strict word order instead of inflections, or word endings that show grammar. Examples of analytic languages include Chinese, English, Vietnamese, Thai, Khmer, and Lao. 

In Chinese, sentences are mostly in the SVO (subject-verb-object) word order. So the sentence must be "I  eat noodles", not "I noodles eat" or "eat I noodles". In Chinese this is written as 我吃面条. The verb 吃 (pronounced *chī,* meaning: "eat") does not change based on the subject "I" or the object "noodles", and likewise the subject 我 (pronounced *wǒ,* meaning: "I") and object 面条 (pronounced *miàntiáo,* meaning: "noodle/noodles") do not have any special word endings based on its role or number. What is important is that all the words are in the correct order. 

Modern English does have some inflections based on the subject (the verb "eat" becomes "eats" when the subject is a third person "he/she/it") and number ("noodle" is singular while "noodles" is plural), but aside from that, there are almost none. Therefore, Modern English is mostly an analytic language. Modern English has far fewer inflections that almost all other Indo-European languages, such as Spanish, German, and Russian.  

Old English was an inflectional language and content words could have several different word endings, much like German today. However, England was taken over by speakers of other languages, especially French, Danish, and Latin, and since the new rulers became second language speakers of English, the grammar simplified to what it is today.
Dehradun

**Dehradun** () is the capital city of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is between the rivers Ganga and Yamuna. The city is in the foothills of the Himalayas and known for its beautiful landscape.

## References
Chinese loanwords

**Chinese loanwords** are loanwords borrowed into non-Chinese languages, especially East Asian languages. Since China introduced writing to the Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese languages, each language had also borrowed many Chinese loanwords. Since all the languages have very different sound systems from each other, they all have different systems for pronouncing Chinese loanwords (though there are many words that sound similar to each other). These are called **Sino-Xenic pronunciations**. These are similar to how loanwords from Latin and French sound differently when spoken in English. 

At one point, all these languages only wrote in Chinese characters. Today, Japanese is the only non-Chinese language that writes in Chinese characters in everyday life. Chinese characters, or *kanji* in Japanese, can be used to write both native Japanese words and Chinese loanwords. Today, Korean uses Chinese characters, or *hanja* in Korean, only for Chinese loanwords  (when writing only in hangul is too ambiguous) and writing out one's own name. Today, Vietnamese does not use Chinese characters at all, but only uses the Latin alphabet, or *chữ Quốc ngữ* in Vietnamese. Chinese characters are only used as a decoration in Vietnam today, and they are studied by only a few Vietnamese.

## Sino-Xenic pronunciations in different East Asian languages 
This chart will compare the pronunciations of Chinese vocabulary terms in Mandarin, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese.
Waccabuc, New York

**Waccabuc** is a hamlet and lake in the town of Lewisboro, Westchester County, New York. Waccabuc is known as "New York's Secret Suburb". Waccabuc is known by many outside of the town for its Castle Rock.

## References
Calion, Arkansas

**Calion** is a city in the US state of Arkansas. The population was 429 in 2020.

Population:

## References
List of governors of Montana

The **Governor of Montana** is the head of the executive branch of Montana's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. 

The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, to convene the legislature at any time, and to grant pardons and reprieves.

## Governors of Montana
; Parties
Dem Democratic (15)
Rep Republican (10)

## References
Peter van Gestel

**Peter van Gestel** (3 August 1937 –  1 March 2019) was a Dutch writer. He was born in Amsterdam. 

In 1976 he published the book *Ver van huis* under the pseudonym Sander Joosten.

He made his debut in children's literature with *Schuilen onder je schooltas* in 1979. He received the Vlag en Wimpel award for this book.

## References
## Other websites
* Peter van Gestel , Nederlands Letterenfonds (Dutch Foundation for Literature)
* Peter van Gestel (in Dutch), Digital Library for Dutch Literature
*
Werner Schneyder

**Werner Schneyder** (25 January 1937 – 2 March 2019) was an Austrian cabaret performer, journalist, writer, actor, stage director, television presenter and sports reporter. He performed cabaret in duo with Dieter Hildebrandt from 1974 to 1982. He presented *Das aktuelle Sportstudio* of the ZDF from 1975, and a series about boxing for RTL from 1992 to 1992. 

Schneyder was found dead at his home in Vienna on 2 March 2019, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* &#32;Interview
Governor of Colorado

The **Governor of Colorado** is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Colorado. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Colorado's state government.

The governor is charged with enforcing state laws. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Colorado General Assembly and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason or impeachment. The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

The current governor is Democrat Jared Polis, who took office on January 8, 2019.

## List of governors
## Living former Governors of Colorado 
As of February 2026, there are four living former Governors of Colorado, the oldest being Roy Romer, who served as the 39th Governor of Colorado (served 1987-1999), at 97. The most recent death of a former governor was that of Richard Lamm, who served as the 43rd Governor of Colorado (served 1975-1987) on July 29, 2021.

## Notes
## References
East Camden, Arkansas

**East Camden** is a city in Ouachita County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 931 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area. East Camden was originally called Billkitts Rental Housing and began as a planned community created to support the nearby Shumaker Naval Ammunition Depot.

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.

## Demographics
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 931 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 64.2% White, 31.0% Black, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian and 1.4% from two or more races. 2.7% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the census of 2000, there were 902 people, 365 households, and 251 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 401 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 70.18% White, 26.83% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 1.11% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. 3.33% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 365 households, out of which 42.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 16.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 13.4% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,804, and the median income for a family was $40,568. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $20,114 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,272. About 9.2% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.

## References
Juan Corona

**Juan Vallejo Corona** (February 7, 1934 &ndash; March 4, 2019) was a Mexican-born American serial killer who was convicted of the murders of 25 migrant farm workers. They were found buried in shallow graves in peach orchards along the Feather River in Sutter County, California, in 1971. 

At the time, the crimes were characterized as among the most notorious in U.S. history. The exact victim total remains unknown and may be higher, according to local authorities. He was born in Autlán, Jalisco.

Corona was convicted of 25 counts of first-degree murder in 1973. In 1982, he was again found guilty of all 25 homicides. He served a life sentence in Corcoran State Prison in Corcoran, California. 

## Personal life 
Corona suffered from dementia in his later years.

## Death 
He died on March 4, 2019 near Corcoran, California from complications of his dementia, he was 85 at the time of his death.

## References
Corcoran, California

**Corcoran** is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Corcoran is  south-southeast of Hanford. It is part of the Hanford–Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 22,339 (2020 census).

## References
Rafael Torija de la Fuente

**Rafael Torija de la Fuente** (18 March 1927 &ndash; 2 March 2019) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Noez, Spain.

Torija de la Fuente was ordained to the priesthood in 1952. He was titular bishop of ''*Ursona* and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santander, Spain, from 1969 to 1976. He then was the terriorial prelate of the Ciudad Real and auxiliary bishop of *Dora* from 1976 to 1980.

In his later years, he was the first bishop of the Diocese of Ciudad Real from 1980 to 2003. He resigned and retired in 2003.

Torija de la Fuente died on 2 March 2019 in Real Madrid, aged 91.

## References
Urnäsch

**Urnäsch** is a municipality in Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Teufen, Appenzell Ausserrhoden

**Teufen** is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Page
Anderson County, South Carolina

**Anderson County** is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, 203,718 people lived there. Its county seat is Anderson.

## References
Anderson, South Carolina

**Anderson** is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 28,106 at the 2020 census.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Speicher

**Speicher** is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Sam Mayo

**Sam Mayo** (1881-1938) was an English entertainer, who worked in the music hall business. 

## Life
Born in London on 31 July 1881, Mayo first worked in his father's shop while also getting sporting bets and singing in local pubs and clubs with his brothers.

Mayo married Zillah Flash (performing name: Stella Stanley) in Brighton on 13 August 1904. His life-long addiction of gambling made him bankrupt three times. Mayo died in London on 31 March 1938.

## Trivia
The noted writer Katherine Mansfield quoted Mayo's lyrics in a letter from 1 November 1920.

## Other websites
*
*Text collection of Sam Mayo's lyrics 
*Sam Mayo: British Pathé, 1930
*Sam Mayo: British Pathé, 1931
*Sam Mayo: British Pathé, 1932
*Sam Mayo: *Things are Worse in Russia*
*Sam Mayo: ''I'll Prove That I'm Right*
*Sam Mayo: *The Toreador*
*Sam Mayo: *Bread and Marmalade*
*Sam Mayo: *The Trumpeter''

## References
Johnny Romano

**John Anthony Romano Jr.** (August 23, 1934 &ndash; February 24, 2019) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Chicago White Sox (1958–59, 1965–66), Cleveland Indians (1960–1964) and St. Louis Cardinals (1967). He threw and batted right-handed. Romano was born in Hoboken, New Jersey.

Romano died on February 24, 2019 in Naples, Florida at the age of 84.

## References
Peter Hurford

**Peter Hurford** OBE (22 November 1930 – 3 March 2019) was a British organist and composer. He was born in Minehead, Somerset. He was best known for his interpretations of Bach. He worked for Decca and BBC Radio 3. Hurford was appointed organist of Holy Trinity Church, Leamington Spa from 1956 to 1957.

Hurford died of complications from Alzheimer's disease on 3 March 2019, aged 88.

## References
World Trade Center

**World Trade Center** may mean:
*World Trade Center (1973–2001), a complex of buildings in New York City destroyed in 2001.
*World Trade Center (2001–present), the new complex built on the site of the old one.
Rosaly Lopes

**Rosaly M. C. Lopes** (born January 8, 1957 in Rio de Janeiro)  is a geologist and a volcanologist. She is involved in the research of planets. She has authored many scientific papers as well as several books. She also supports education. Her key scientific research areas are Planets and Earth science focusing on volcanoes.

## Selected works 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Media 
Selected documentaries and TV shows of Lopes include:

* History Channel's "Prehistoric Megastorms" (2008);
* "Heads Up" Science Series, Knowledge TV, Canada, episode on New Horizons (January 2008);
* History Channel's "Search for E.T.", in "The Universe" series (August 2007);
* PBS "Wired Science" interview on volcanoes (October 2007);
* Discovery Channel's "Titan: Rendezvous with Saturn's Moon" (updated version, May 2007);
* National Geographic Television's "Naked Science: Deadliest Planets" (December 2006);
* History Channel's "Ask Mr. Know-It-All", pilot episode (as expert on volcanic dust), 2006;
* History Channel's "Inside the Volcano" (December 2006);
* Discovery Channel's "Rewind 2006" (science stories of 2006, December 2006);
* National Geographic Television's "Hollywood Science: Forces of Nature" (April  2006);
* Discovery Channel's "Planet Storm" (2001);
* Discovery Channel's "95 Worlds and Counting" (2001)

## References
Barnwell County, South Carolina

**Barnwell County** is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,589. Its county seat is Barnwell. Barnwell County is part of the Augusta Metropolitan Area.

## References
Oakland Charter Township, Michigan

The **Charter Township of Oakland** is a charter township on the north Oakland County outskirts of Metro Detroit, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 20,067 at the 2020 census.

## References
Laurens County, South Carolina

**Laurens County** is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, 67,539 people lived there. Its county seat is Laurens. The county was formed in 1785 and named after Henry Laurens, the fifth president of the Continental Congress.

## References
Damascus, Arkansas

**Damascus** is a town in the US state of Arkansas.

## Broken Arrow 
Broken Arrow was an accident where a Titan missile exploded but no one was hurt.

## References
Channing, Texas

office in Channing]]
**Channing** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Hartley County.
Ed Bickert

**Edward Isaac Bickert**,  (November 29, 1932 – February 28, 2019) was a Canadian jazz guitarist. He was born in Hochfeld, Manitoba, Canada. He was a sideman for Ron Collier, Moe Koffman, Phil Nimmons, and Rob McConnell. He worked with American musicians when they toured in Toronto such as Ruby Braff, Paul Desmond, and Frank Rosolino.

Bickert won a Juno Award for Best Jazz Recording, *Sackville 4005* with Don Thompson in 1980. He was honored with the Order of Canada in 1996.

Bickert died in Toronto, Ontario on February 28, 2019 from lung cancer at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* Ed Bickert biography with licks and transcriptions
* Ed Bickert profile with transcriptions 
*
Gais

**Gais** () is a village and a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. The main sights are: the Protestant church of 1782, the former spa hotel *Neuer Ochsen* of 1796 and the *Krone* inn of 1781. In 1977, Gais received the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage.

## Villages 
Gais, Rotenwies, Rietli, Zwislen, Schachen, Stoss, Strahlholz, Steinleuten, Gäbris, Kürstein, Schwäbrig, Sommersberg and Hirschberg.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
*
Rehetobel

**Rehetobel** is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Grub, Appenzell Ausserrhoden

**Grub** is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Page
Commerce Township, Michigan

**Commerce Township**, officially the **Charter Township of Commerce**, is a charter township of Oakland County, and suburb of Detroit, in the U.S. state of Michigan. 43,058 people lived here at the 2020 census.

## References
Elm Springs, Arkansas

**Elm Springs** is a city in Benton and Washington counties in the state of Arkansas in the United States of America.

## References
Jim Whittaker

**James W. Whittaker** (born February 10, 1929), also known as **Jim Whittaker**, is an American mountaineer, autobiographer and mountain guide. 

On May 1, 1963 he became the first American to reach the summit of Mount Everest as a member of the American Mount Everest Expedition led by Norman Dyhrenfurth.  They ran out of oxygen but managed to reach the summit. Once there, Whittaker planted a U.S. flag at the top.

## References
Oblique type

**Oblique type** is a form of type that slants slightly to the right. It is used for the same purposes as italic type. But unlike italic type, it does not use different glyph shapes. It uses the same glyphs as Roman type, except slanted.

Type designers have called oblique as less organic and calligraphic than italics. That may be preferred in some situations.

Many sans serif typefaces use oblique designs instead of italic ones. This is especially true with grotesque designs like Helvetica.

## References
Duke of Cambridge

**Duke of Cambridge** is one of the current dukedoms in the United Kingdom. Since 2011, it has been held by Prince William, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King Charles III and the late Diana, Princess of Wales. Prince George is the heir to this dukedom.

## References
Absolute space and time

**Absolute space and time**  are concepts used by Aristotle and by Newton. They are still used in classical mechanics. Even in Newtonian mechanics, the  notion of inertial frame of reference  is used.

The concepts of space and time were separate before special relativity theory, which connected the two. It showed both to be dependent upon the reference frame's motion. In Einstein's theories, the ideas of absolute time and space were replaced by the idea of spacetime in special relativity, and curved spacetime in general relativity.

## References
János Koós

**János Koós** (born **Kupsa**; 20 November 1937 – 2 March 2019) was a Hungarian pop singer. He became successful in the 1960s after participation in the talent show *Táncdalfesztivál*. Koós was born in Bucharest, Romania. He played for the Wind Band of the National Tax and Customs Administration between 1957 and 1960. He started his solo singer career in 1960, performing the schlagers of Vico Torriani. He adopted the Koós stage name by that time.

Koós died on 2 March 2019 in Budapest, aged 81.

## References
Soyuz 11

, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev, the crew of Soyuz 11]]
**Soyuz 11** was a manned space mission. It was the only mission to live on Salyut 1, the first space station. It was a backup mission of Soyuz 10, which was failed to dock. The mission killed three men in space when it lost air pressure during re-entry of the atmosphere. They were Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev.

## Crew 
### Backup crew 
### Original crew 
### Crew notes 
An X-ray testing of the original crew found that Kubasov might have tuberculosis. According to the mission rules, the backup crew replaced the original crew. Dobrovolski and Patsayev never flew to space before. Kubasov and Leonov became the crew to Soyuz 19 for the Apollo-Soyuz in 1975.

## Death of crew 
On 30 June 1971, after returing to the Earth of the capsule, the recovery team knocked on the side. There was no response. Opening the , they found all three men in their couches, no motion. There had dark-blue patches on their faces and trails of blood from their noses and ears. They brought them out from the capsule. Dobrovolsky was still warm. According to their reports, the reason of death was suffocation.
 commemorative stamp]]

The cosmonauts were buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis at Red Square, Moscow near the remains of Yuri Gagarin. US astronaut Tom Stafford was one of the s. They were also each awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union medal.

## References
Heiden, Switzerland

**Heiden** is a village and a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
José Pedro Pérez-Llorca

**José Pedro Pérez-Llorca Rodrigo** (30 November 1940 – 6 March 2019), was a Spanish lawyer and politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1980 to 1982. He was also one of the Fathers of the Constitution of 1978 and had a key role during his nation's transition to democracy. He was born in Cadiz, Spain.

Pérez-Llorca died on 6 March 2019 in Madrid, aged 78.

## References
Chu Shijian

**Chu Shijian** (; 17 January 1928 – 5 March 2019) was a Chinese business executive and entrepreneur. He was known as the "king of tobacco" and the "king of oranges". He turned the near-bankrupt Yuxi Cigarette Factory into one of China's most richest state-owned companies and developed the Hongtashan cigarette into one of the country's most valuable brands.

He was convicted of embezzlement in 1997 and sentenced to life imprisonment. After being released on medical parole in 2002, he started his second company at age 75, an orange plantation with the brand name "Chu Orange". It was again highly successful and he became known as the "orange king". He was born in Yuxi, Yunnan, Republic of China.

On 5 March 2019, Chu died from complications from diabetes at a Yuxih ospital, aged 91.

## References
Jean Starobinski

**Jean Starobinski** (17 November 1920 &ndash; 4 March 2019) was a Swiss literary critic. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His works on medicine and psychiatry brought him to study the history of melancholia (notably in the *Trois Fureurs*, 1974).  He was the first scholar to publish work (in 1964) on Ferdinand de Saussure's study of anagrams. Starobinski was a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1988.

Starobinski died on 4 March 2019 in Morges, Switzerland, aged 98.

## References
## Other websites
* Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques  (in French)
* Société Jean-Jacques Rousseau (in French)
* Video *Starobinski, Jean*  (in French)
Robert DeProspero

**Robert Lee "Bob" DeProspero** (December 31, 1938 – March 4, 2019) was an American civil servant. He was born in Morgantown, West Virginia. He was the United States Secret Service agent from 1965 to 1986.  In 1981 after the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan, he took charge of Reagan's security detail. The following year, DeProspero was appointed to head the Presidential Protective Division.

DeProspero died on March 4, 2019 at the age of 81 in Scottsdale, Arizona from amyloidosis, aged 80.

## References
## Other websites
* ''Agnew's Guards Heading Firm* by Charles A. Krause, in the *St. Petersburg Times*, of St. Petersburg, Florida, on December 10, 1973
* *In the line of fire* by Angie Cannon, in *The Spokesman–Review'', of Spokane, Washington and Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, on June 26, 1998
* *Agent Kept Heat on Men, President Alive*  in *The Palm Beach Post*, of West Palm Beach, Florida, on April 12, 1985
Erica Jong

**Erica Jong** (née **Mann**; born March 26, 1942) is an American novelist, satirist, and poet. She is known for her 1973 novel *Fear of Flying*. The book became controversial for its claims towards female sexuality. According to *Washington Post*, it has sold more than 20 million copies worldwide.

Jong was born in New York City. She studied at Barnard College and at Columbia University.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
* – official site
*
**What this woman wants* – in-depth interview & profile in *The Guardian*, April 3, 1999
Tim Green

**Timothy John Green ** (born December 16, 1963) is a retired professional American football player, lawyer, a radio and television personality, and a best-selling author. He was a  linebacker and defensive end with the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League 1986 to 1993. 

He was a commentator for National Public Radio and the former host of the 2005 revival of *A Current Affair* on Fox. Green also wrote children's books. Green's book *Football Genius* made *The New York Times* best-seller list of children's chapter books.

Green was born in Liverpool, New York. He studied at Syracuse University. In November 2018, Green was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

## References
## Other websites
* Stats on NFL.com
Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini

**Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini** (5 March 1968 – 13 December 2020) was a Swazi business executive and politician. He was the tenth Prime Minister of Eswatini from October 2018 until his death in December 2020. He was the CEO of Swazi MTN.

On October 27, 2018, King Mswati III announced in a gathering at the royal kraal at Lobamba that Dlamini would be the country’s next Prime Minister.

Dlamini tested positive for COVID-19 on 15 November 2020 and was hospitalized eight days later after developing mild symptoms. He died at a hospital in South Africa on 13 December at the age of 52.  According to the Constitution of Eswatini, Masuku will serve as acting prime minister for a maximum period of three months.

## References
Mswati III

**Mswati III** (born as **Prince Makhosetive** on 19 April 1968) is the King of Eswatini and head of the Swazi Royal Family. He was born in Manzini, Eswatini, to King Sobhuza II. Mswati was supported by apartheid South Africa early on during his rule. In the 21st century, he has been criticized by many activists for how he runs Eswatini. He is a polygamist who forced Swazi women to marry him and has put people in prison for being critical of his government in newspapers.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Website of Eswatini Monarchy 
*Swazi King's Birthday features
*Swazi Royal Family Tree
*BBC News: Troubled King Mswati
*Swaziland king picks wife – BBC Video
*King Mswati III's address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 25 September 2008
*An Extravagant Ruler of a Modest Kingdom – New York Times Movie review
* In Destitute Kingdom, Ruler Lives Like a King
*
Jacques Loussier

**Jacques Loussier** (26 October 1934 &ndash; 5 March 2019) was a French pianist and composer. He was well known for his jazz works in trio formation of many of Johann Sebastian Bach's works, such as in  the *Goldberg Variations*. He was born in Angers, France.

Loussier worked in movies and television such as ''Heaven on One's Head* (1965), *Living It Up* (1966), *The Killing Game* (1967), *Dark of the Sun* (1968), *Monique* (1970) and *The Man Who Went Up in Smoke* (1980). He was known for creating the theme tune for the popular 1960s French TV series *Thierry La Fronde*.

In March 2002, Loussier filed a $10 million lawsuit against rapper Eminem and *The Marshall Mathers LP'' executive producer Dr. Dre, claiming that the beat for the track "Kill You" was stolen from his composition "Pulsion". The case was settled out of court.

Loussier died on 5 March 2019 at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* Biography Bach Cantatas website
* 
* Review of his "Bach and more" disk on Sky Arts website
* Review of his Vivaldi disk on Sky Arts website
Keith Davis

**Keith Davis** (21 May 1930 – 2 March 2019) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He played for both New Zealand and New Zealand Māori. He played for Auckland, and won the Ranfurly Shield in his first ever provincial game. He retired in 1959.

His time with the team included matches against both South Africa and the British Lions. Davis was awarded the Tom French Cup for Māori player of the year in 1952, 1953 and 1954.

Davis died on 2 March 2019, aged 88.

## References
Reute

**Reute** is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Brian Cox

**Brian Cox** may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
*Brian Cox (actor) (born 1946), Scottish actor
*Brian Cox (director), American movie director
*Bryan-Michael Cox (born 1977), American songwriter and record producer

## Sports
*Brian Cox (footballer) (born 1961), English goalkeeper
*Brian Cox (American football) ( 1985–2006), American football coach
*Brian Cox (rugby league), Australian rugby league footballer
*Bryan Cox (born 1968), American football coach and former player
*Bryan Cox Jr. (born 1994), American football defensive end

## Other people
*Brian Cox (physicist) (born 1968), English physicist, broadcaster and former keyboard player
*Brian Cox (poet) (1928–2008), English scholar, editor of *Critical Quarterly* and author of the *Black Papers*
Leaving Neverland

release poster]]
***Leaving Neverland*** is a 2019 documentary movie directed and produced by British filmmaker Dan Reed. It focuses on two men, Wade Robson and James Safechuck, who allege they were sexually abused by the singer Michael Jackson as children. It also shows the effects on the alleged victims' families.

The movie is a co-production between the UK broadcaster Channel 4 and the US broadcaster Home Box Office (HBO). It premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2019, and was broadcast in two parts in March.

In January 2019, the Jackson estate issued a press release condemning the film, saying: "The two accusers testified under oath that these events never occurred. They have provided no independent evidence and absolutely no proof in support of their accusations."

Reed is open to producing a sequel.

On Rotten Tomatoes, *Leaving Neverland* holds an approval rating of 97% based on 65 reviews, with an average score of 7.76/10.

## References
Schönengrund

**Schönengrund** is a municipality in Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Wolfhalden

**Wolfhalden** is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Beaufort County, South Carolina

**Beaufort County** is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, 187,117 people lived there. Its county seat is Beaufort.

## References
Goethe-Institut

]]

The **Goethe-Institut** (GI, English: *Goethe Institute*) is a non-profit German cultural association. It has 159 branches worldwide. Its goal is to promote the study of the German language abroad, and encourage international cultural exchange and relations. The GI was founded in 1951. It is named after German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

The institute has developed a series of exams for learners of German as a foreign language (*Deutsch als Fremdsprache*, DaF). The series includes all levels: A1 up to C2. In addition there is the Green diploma to acquire and prove German as a foreign language teaching qualifications.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Homepage
Glendora, New Jersey

**Glendora** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Gloucester Township, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the CDP's population was 4,784.

## References
The Campaign (movie)

***The Campaign***  is a 2012 American political satire comedy movie directed by Jay Roach, written by Shawn Harwell and Chris Henchy. It stars Will Ferrell and Zach Galifianakis as two North Carolinians trying to win a seat in the Congress. The movie was released on August 10, 2012 to mixed reviews.

## References
Red (2010 movie)

***Red*** is a 2010 American action comedy movie based on the limited comic-book series of the same name created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner.

The movie stars Bruce Willis, Morgan Freeman, John Malkovich, Mary-Louise Parker, Helen Mirren, and Karl Urban, with German

The movie was released on October 15, 2010. It grossed $199 million worldwide. In 2011, the movie received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Musical or Comedy Film.

A sequel, *Red 2*, was released on July 19, 2013. Another sequel, *Red 3*, was in development as of 2013.

## References
Karl Urban

**Karl-Heinz Urban** (born 7 June 1972) is a New Zealand actor. He is known for his roles as Leonard McCoy in the *Star Trek* reboot movie series (2009–), Éomer in the second and third installments of Peter Jackson's *The Lord of the Rings* trilogy and Judge Dredd in *Dredd*.

Since 2019, he has played Billy Butcher in Amazon's superhero streaming television series *The Boys*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Red 2

***Red 2*** is  2013 American action comedy movie and sequel to the 2010 movie *Red*.

It was based on the limited comic book series of the same name, created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner, and published by the DC Comics.

The movie stars Bruce Willis, John Malkovich, Mary-Louise Parker, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Lee Byung-hun, Anthony Hopkins, and Helen Mirren, with Dean Parisot directing a screenplay by Jon and Erich Hoeber. *Red 2* was released on July 19, 2013.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Ryo Narita

He acted in his first movie in *Flashback*, a drama movie in 2014.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*''Men's Non-no'' profile
Azucena Berrutti

**Azucena Berrutti** (born 7 January 1929) is an Uruguayan politician and lawyer. She was the National Defence Minister, appointed by the Uruguayan President Tabaré Vázquez, from March 2005 until March 2008. Berrutti was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. She is a member of the Broad Front.

## References
Stein, Appenzell Ausserrhoden

**Stein** is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Diospyros nigra

The **black sapote** (*Diospyros nigra*), also known as the **chocolate pudding fruit**, **black soapapple** and (in Spanish) ***zapote prieto***, is a species of persimmon. The tropical fruit tree is native to eastern Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and into Colombia. The common name sapote refers to any soft, edible fruit. Black sapote is not related to white sapote nor mamey sapote.

## References
Another One Bites the Dust

"**Another One Bites the Dust**" is a song by the British rock band Queen.

It is written by John Deacon. 

The song won an American Music Award for Favorite Rock Single in 1981.

## References
Richard B. Spencer

**Richard Bertrand Spencer** (born May 11, 1978) is an American white supremacist.
He is president of the National Policy Institute (NPI), a white supremacist think tank, as well as Washington Summit Publishers.

Spencer does not believe that he is a white supremacist and calls himself a white nationalist. He has been called a neo-Nazi. Spencer created the term "alt-right", which he thinks is a movement about "white identity".

Spencer was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was raised in Dallas, Texas and in Whitefish, Montana. Spencer studied at the University of Virginia and at the University of Chicago.

Like many white supremacists, he supported Donald Trump when he ran for president in 2016. However, by 2020 he felt it was a bad choice. He decided to support Joe Biden in the 2020 elections, but Biden's team said he didn't want his support.

## References
## Other websites
Junction City, Arkansas

**Junction City** is a city in Union County, Arkansas, United States, and is the twin city of neighboring Junction City, Louisiana. The population was 503 at the 2020 census.

Junction City is found at  (33.019174, -92.722915). It is the southernmost settlement in the state of Arkansas.

## References
Berkeley County, South Carolina

**Berkeley County** is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, 229,861 people lived there. Its county seat is Moncks Corner. The county was formed in 1882.

## References
Berkeley County

**Berkeley County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Berkeley County, South Carolina
* Berkeley County, West Virginia
Choctaw County

**Choctaw County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
* Choctaw County, Alabama
* Choctaw County, Mississippi
* Choctaw County, Oklahoma
Panamanian balboa

{{Infobox currency
| currency_name_in_local = 
| image_1 = 50 centavos de balboa.jpg
| image_2 = 50 centavos de balboa - reverso.jpg
| image_title_1 = \bar2 balboa*(front)*
| image_title_2 = \bar2 balboa*(back)*
| iso_code = PAB
| iso_number = 590
| subunit_name_1 =  Centésimo
| symbol = B/.
| used_banknotes = None (US banknotes are employed instead, although denominated in balboas)
| used_coins = 1 and 5 centésimos, \overline{10}, \bar4, \bar2, and 1 balboas
| subunit_ratio_1 = \overline{100}
| banknote_article =
| using_countries =  (alongside the US dollar)
| issuing_authority_website = 
| printer =
| mint =
| mint_website =
| pegged_with = US dollar at par
| footnotes=1 Panama now uses US dollar notes.
}}

The **balboa** (sign: **B/.**; ISO 4217: **PAB**) is, along with the United States dollar, the currency of Panama. The balboa is subdivided into 100 *centésimos*. It is named in honor of the Spanish explorer/conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa.