open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Thumb

In human anatomy, the **thumb** is the first digit on a hand.  The human thumb is fully opposable to the tips of the other fingers in that it may position itself, and be folded inward, toward the rest of the hand and fingers, if so required. It rotates at the carpometacarpal joint and so can complete the sometimes quite delicate task of grasping objects by pressing them against the rest of the hand or finger(s). 

## Anatomy of the thumb
### Bones
The thumb consists of 3 bones:
* distal phalanx (of the first digit)
* proximal phalanx (of the first digit)
* first metacarpal

### Muscles
Its movements are controlled by eight muscles (each with "pollicis" in the name):

#### In the forearm
* extensor pollicis longus
* abductor pollicis longus
* flexor pollicis longus
* extensor pollicis brevis

The extensor pollicis longus tendon and extensor pollicis brevis tendon form what is known as the anatomical snuff box (an indentation on the lateral aspect of the thumb at its base) where one can usually palpate the radial artery.

#### In the hand
* abductor pollicis brevis
* flexor pollicis brevis
* opponens pollicis
* adductor pollicis

The first three of these form the thenar eminence.

## Grips
Typical interdigital grips include the tips of thumb and second finger (forefinger/index finger) holding a pill or other small item, or thumb and sides of second and third fingers holding a pen or pencil.

## Origin of the thumb
The evolution of the opposable or prehensile thumb is usually associated with *Homo habilis*, the forerunner of *Homo sapiens*. This, however, is the suggested result of evolution from *Homo erectus* (around 1 mya) via a series of intermediate anthropoid stages, and is therefore a much more complicated link.

The most important factors leading to the habile hand (and its thumb) are:
* the freeing of the hands from their walking requirements—still so crucial for apes today, as they have hands for feet, which in its turn was one of the consequences of the gradual pithecanthropoid and anthropoid adoption of the erect bipedal walking gait, and 
*the simultaneous development of a larger anthropoid brain in the later stages.

The opposable thumb has helped the human species develop more accurate fine motor skills.

## Other animals with opposable thumbs
Many animals, primates and others, also have some kind of opposable thumb or toe:

* Bornean Orangutan - opposable thumbs on all four hands. The interdigital grip gives them the ability to pick fruit.
* Cebids (New World primates of Central and South America) - some have opposable thumbs
* Chimpanzees have opposable thumbs on all four hands.
* Koala - opposable toe on each foot, plus two opposable digits on each hand
* Opossum - opposable thumb
* Giant Panda - Panda paws have five clawed fingers plus an extra bone that works like an opposable thumb. This "thumb" is not really a finger (like the human thumb is), but an extra-long sesamoid bone that works like a thumb. 
* The 4-toed sloth - however, the related 3-toed sloth does not.
Running Shaadi

***Running Shaadi*** (), previously known as: ***Runningshaadi.com***, is an Indian romantic comedy film produced by Shoojit Sircar and Crouching Tiger Motion Pictures about the unique concept of helping people elope to get married. The unlikely duo of a conscientious Bihari and a Sardarji geek create a platform providing "High Take Social Service" to Indian couples who want to spend their lives with their soulmates. The film was shot in late 2013. The film was released on 17 February 2017.

The Shoojit Sircar production stars Amit Sadh, Taapsee Pannu, Saahir Banwait, Raaj Vishwakarma and Arsh Bajwa. It was released in over 1,100 screens with music from an assembled list of performers.

## References
Aïr Mountains

The **Aïr Mountains** is a triangular massif, located in north Niger, inside the Sahara. They rise to more than  and go over . In the desert, north of the Aïr plateau, with an average altitude between , forms an island of Sahel, which supports a wide variety of life, many pastoral and farming communities, and geological and archaeological sites. There are notable archaeological findings in the region that picture together the prehistoric past of this land. The endangered African wild dog (*Lycaon pictus*) once existed in this region, but may now be locally extinct due to human population pressure in this region.

## References
Marsh crake

The **marsh crake** or **koitareke** (*Porzana pusilla affinis*) is a bird in the family Gruiformes.  It is a subspecies of Baillon's crake. It lives in New Zealand.

## Appearance
The marsh crake is about half the size of a blackbird.  It is about 15-18 cm long and it weighs 30 to 40 grams.  It has a short tail and long legs.  The feathers on its back are deep brown with black and white marks.  The feathers on its belly are gray and white.  Its eyes are bright red.  Its beak and legs are green.  The young birds have brown bellies instead of gray and white.

## Habitat and food
Marsh crakes live in wetlands, for example marshes.  They also live among the reed plants in places where rivers meet the ocean.  They can live on wet pastures and willow tree forests too.  There are more marsh crakes on New Zealand's South Island than on North Island.

Scientists do not know much about what the marsh crake does.  They think it might migrate like other Baillon's crakes do, but they are not sure.

The marsh crake eats animals without bones but it also eats the seeds of water plants.

## Breeding
Marsh crakes form one-on-one pairs to lay eggs.  The males fly courtship flights to impress the females.  They build nests out of dry plants and hide them in sedge. The female lays 5-7 eggs at a time.  Both the male and female crake sit on the eggs.  The eggs take 16-20 days to hatch. The chicks have black and brown feathers.

## Threats
The marsh crake is declining, which means there are fewer of them than there were, and the numbers are still going down.  This is because human beings drain their marshes to turn them into dry land.

Also, human beings brought cats, dogs, weasel-like animals, rats to New Zealand.  All of these animals can kill the birds, their eggs, and their chicks.

Less often, a marsh crake will be hit by a car or fly into a power line.  If human beings make too much noise near a nest, the parent birds will run away and the eggs will die.

## References
Asmita (TV series)

It is a story of Asmita, a private detective girl, where she solve crime cases with her partners.

## Cast 
* Mayuri Wagh as Asmita Prabhakar Agnihotri / Asmita Abhiman Saranjame
* Piyush Ranade as Abhiman Saranjame
* Sulabha Deshpande as Abhiman's grandmother
* Ajay Purkar as Abhiman's father
* Yogesh Sohoni as Siddheshwar (Sid)
* Ashwini Mahangade as Manali
* Vikas Patil as Bandoji
* Raju Athawale as Daji

## Production 
### Seasons 
# Asmita Shodhala Ki Sapdatacha (5 February 2014)
# Asmita Gunhyala Mafi Nahi (20 January 2016)

### Airing history
## Ratings 
## Adaptations 
## References
Swae Lee

**Khalif Malik Ibn Shaman Brown** (born June 7, 1993), known professionally as **Swae Lee**, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. A nominee of five Grammy Awards, he is one half of the hip hop duo Rae Sremmurd.
Rae Sremmurd

**Rae Sremmurd** ("Ear Drummers" spelled backwards) is an American hip hop duo from Tupelo, Mississippi. It was formed by two brothers, Slim Jxmmi and Swae Lee. In 2013, they signed a record deal with Mike Will Made It's label EarDrummers. In January 2015, the duo released their first album, *SremmLife*. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In August 2016, the duo released their second album, *SremmLife 2*.  During that same year, the duo also created their own record label, called SremmLife Crew Records. The duo is best known for their single "Black Beatles" from *SremmLife 2*. It topped the US *Billboard* Hot 100. The duo also released other platinum-certified singles such as "No Type", "No Flex Zone" and "Swang". Their third studio album, *SR3MM*, was released on May 4, 2018, and served as a triple album.

## References
Nav (rapper)

**Navraj Singh Goraya** (born November 3, 1989), known professionally as **Nav** (stylized in all caps), is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer born in Toronto, Ontario. He began his career as a record producer, and co-produced Drake's single "Back to Back" in 2015. He is signed to fellow singer The Weeknd's record label XO.

Nav gained popularity in 2016 when his song "Myself" went viral. 

In 2017, Nav released his self-titled first mixtape and his collaborative mixtape, Perfect Timing (with record producer Metro Boomin). 

Nav released his first studio album, *Reckless*, in 2018. 

His second studio album, *Bad Habits* (2019), debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200. 

In 2020, Nav released his highest-charting song "Turks" (with Gunna, featuring Travis Scott) which debuted and peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. His third studio album *Good Intentions* (2020) became his second number-one album on the US Billboard 200. *Good Intentions* contained the lead single "Turks". 

His fourth studio album *Demons Protected by Angels* was released in 2022.

## References
Pooh Shiesty

**Lontrell Donnell Williams Jr.** (born November 8, 1999), better known by his stage name **Pooh Shiesty**, is an American rapper. He has collaborated with Big30, Gucci Mane and Lil Durk. He is best known for his 2020 single, "Back in Blood" (featuring Lil Durk). Pooh Shiesty released his first sales mixtape, *Shiesty Season*, on February 5, 2021. It went to number 3 on the US *Billboard* 200. 

His stage name was given by his late brother. It comes from his childhood nickname "Mr. Pooh". "Shiesty" refers to his lifestyle.

## References
100 Days (TV series)

**100 Days** is a Marathi language television crime series that aired on Zee Marathi from 24 October 2016 to 17 February 2017.

## Plot 
The story revolves Rani (Tejaswini Pandit) and PSI Ajay Thakur (Adinath Kothare). It's a murder mystery where Rani's husband Dhananjay (Ramesh Bhatkar) gets murdered. PSI Ajay Thakur is a investigating officer who takes the charge of investigation for this murder.

## Cast 
* Tejaswini Pandit as Rani Sardesai
* Adinath Kothare as PSI Ajay Thakur
* Ramesh Bhatkar as Dhananjay Sardesai
* Seema Chandekar as Ajay's mother
* Ashwini Mukadam as Rani's maid
* Archana Nipankar as Neha, Ajay's girlfriend
* Siddheshwar Zadbuke as Sharad
* Milind Safai as Sardesai's friend
* Abhishek Chavan as Rani's boyfriend

## Ratings 
The series premiered from Monday to Saturday at 10.30pm by replacing *Ratris Khel Chale*.
Soul food

**Soul food** is a group of ethnic foods traditionally made and invented by African Americans, coming from the Southern United States.

## References
## Related pages
*Cuisine of the Southern United States
Pan-African flag

The **Pan-African flag** was created in 1920 to represent people of the African Diaspora and to symbolize black liberation in the United States.

## Related pages
*Ethnic flag

## References
Franco-Provençal

**Franco-Provençal** (also **Francoprovençal**, **Patois**, **Gaga**, **Savoyard** or **Arpitan**) is a dialect group within Gallo-Romance originally spoken in east-central France, western Switzerland and northwestern Italy.

Franco-Provençal is also spoken in rural areas of French-speaking Switzerland.

In France, it is one of the three Gallo-Romance language families of the country (together with the langues d'oïl and the langues d'oc), and it is officially recognized as a regional language of France, but its use in the country is not widespread. Still, organizations are trying to keep it alive through cultural events, education, research, and publishing.

## References 
## Other websites 
* *Arpitan Cultural Alliance, International Federation*
* Francoprovencal.org Le site du francoprovençal
* Centre d'Études Francoprovençales of Saint-Nicolas, Aosta Valley
Gunna (rapper)

**Sergio Giavanni Kitchens** (born June 14, 1993), known professionally as **Gunna**, is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer. He is signed to Young Thug's record label YSL Records, as well as 300 Entertainment and Atlantic Records. He released his first studio album, *Drip or Drown 2*, in 2019. His second studio album *Wunna* followed in 2020. It debuted at number one on the *Billboard* 200. His third album *DS4Ever* was released in 2022, becoming his second number one album.

## Awards and nominations 
## References
Zing Zing Zingat

***Zing Zing Zingat*** is a musical battle game show aired on Zee Marathi.

## Special episode (2 hours) 
* 21 April 2019 (Zee Marathi's Celebrities)

## Ratings 
## References
Ase He Kanyadan

**Ase He Kanyadan** is an Indian Marathi language series that aired on Zee Marathi. The story deals with the father-daughter relationship.

## Cast 
* Sharad Ponkshe as Sadashiv Kirtane
* Madhura Deshpande as Gayatri Sadashiv Kirtane
* Prasad Jawade as Kartik
* Sulekha Talwalkar
* Avinash Narkar
* Uday Sabnis
* Radha Kulkarni

## Ratings 
The series premiered on 24 January 2015 and aired on Zee Marathi from Monday to Saturday at 7.30 PM by replacing *Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe*.
It's Pony

'''''It's Pony''''' is a British animated television series. It was created by Ant Blades. The series was first broadcast on Nickelodeon in the United States on January 18, 2020. The series is designed, produced, and animated by Blue-Zoo Animation.

The series is about the life of Annie as she does her best to cope on her parents' "farm" The farm is on the balcony of their apartment. The series also deals with the everyday struggles of being a 9-year-old in the city. Luckily, she has a pony.

## Characters 
* **Annie Bramley** (voiced by Jessica DiCicco)
* **Pony** (voiced by Josh Zuckerman)
* **George Bramley** (voiced by Abe Benrubi)
* **Helen Bramley** (voiced by India de Beaufort)
* **Clara Bornstein** (voice by Taylor Polidore)
* **Heston** (voiced by Josh Keaton)
* **Gerry** (voiced by Noshir Dalal)

## Episodes 
### Season 1 (2020–2022) 
### Shorts 
### Season 2 (2021–2022) 
## References
Met Gala

at Met Gala in 2018]]
**Met Gala** or **Met Ball** is an annual festival for the benefit of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute in New York City. It's also about annual fashion exhibit where the celebrities take part in. The Met Gala was established in 1948. Since 1973 this event has become "a jewel in New York City’s social crown". This is also called as the Super Bowl of fashion.

## History 
The Costume Institute at the Met has been existed since 1959. Firstly the gala was annual benefit for New York charities. The attendees were members of New York high society. Then fashion designer  Diana Vreeland bring it into the spotlight from 1973.

## References
Myke Chilian

**Martiros Michael "Myke" Chilian** (b. May 9. 1981) is an American screenwriter, voice actor, musician and animator. He is most known for his work on the HBO Max program  ''Tig n' Seek'', He created the program and provides the voice for the main character, Tiggy. He is also known for working as a writer and artist on Cartoon Network's *Uncle Grandpa* and as a designer on Adult Swim's ''Rick and Morty, and is also known for Mcbusters a three video McDonald's parody of Ghostbusters and it's sequel Ghostbusters 2.''

In addition to his television work, Chilian plays the electric accordion with his alt-punk band, The Manx.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Ima Keithel

**Ima Keithel** (English: Mothers' Market), also known as **Nupi Keithel** (English: Women's Market), or **Khwairamband Keithel** (English: Khwairamband Market), is a market in the middle of Imphal in the Indian state of Manipur. It is the only market in the world run entirely by women. Men are not allowed to sell anything. The Manipur Government has announced that the male shopkeepers will be punished if their shops are found inside the market.

Ima Keithel is a perfect example of the long-lasting tradition of business management done by women in Manipur. Traditionally, Meitei women always enjoyed high status in the economy of the society. Women lead the trade and commerce in food and vegetables, household things and clothes in Manipuri society. In history, it is the symbol of the empowerment and the leadership prospects of women in Manipur.

## History 
The market was established in the 16th century AD. During that time, the Lallup system (forced labor system) began in 1533 AD. The men had to either join the army or serve the kingdom elsewhere far from their homes. At those times, women supported their families. They did everything that men had used to do. Women did everything from farming to making clothes. Finally, they sold many things at the market. The market was one of the most important permanent markets in the kingdom until the 20th century.

## Administration 
The market is run by a group of shopkeepers. It sets many traditional rules. According to it, women who marry only once in a lifetime are allowed to set up shops in the market. The shopkeepers include divorced women and widows. Many of them were the victims of the militancy in Manipur. Most of the women in the market are between 45 and 70 years old. The governing group regulates a system for lending money to women traders.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Ima Keithel Mothers' Market
* Ima Keithel Market
* Ima Keithel Market Asia
Van Partible

**Van Partible** (born Efrem Giovanni Bravo Partible; December 13, 1971) is a Filipino-born American animator, storyboard artist, director, writer and producer best known for creating the animated television series Johnny Bravo and Mike Lu & Og.
American Indians

**American Indians** or **American Indian** may refer to:

## Indigenous groups of the Americas
* Indigenous peoples of the Americas
* Native Americans in the United States
* First Nations, indigenous peoples of Canada

## Other uses
* Americans in India, U.S. citizens living in India, or an Indian citizen of American descent
* Indian Americans, U.S. citizens with ancestry from India

## Related pages
* Indian (disambiguation)
Imphal West district

**Imphal West District** () is one of the sixteen districts of the Manipur state of India. According to the 2011 census, it came out to be the district with the highest population in Manipur.

## References
Imphal East district

**Imphal East District** () is one of the sixteen districts of Manipur state of India. According to 2011 census, it is the second most populated district in Manipur, after Imphal West.

## References
Pithecopus gonzagai

***Pithecopus gonzagai*** is a frog that lives in Brazil.  It lives several states north of the Rio São Francisco.

This frog lives in trees in grasslands and shrublands. People have heard it calling near ponds that dry up for part of the year. The female frog lays eggs on leaves that hang over the water. The tadpoles fall into the water when they hatch. People have also seen it in watering holes, places where cows and other animals drink water.

## First paper
*

## References
Nat Geo/Fox HD

**Nat Geo/Fox HD** was a Latin American subscription television channel that broadcast exclusively in high definition. It was launched on December 1, 2008 in Latin America (DirecTV being the first platform to offer it). It was owned by Fox Latin American Channels. Nat Geo/Fox HD was closed in June 2014 after it was split to National Geographic HD and Fox HD.
AUKUS

**AUKUS**, also known as **Aukus** (; is an acronym for the alliance between "**A**ustralia, **U**nited **K**ingdom, **U**nited **S**tates"), is a three-way security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The agreement was created in 2020 to share defense technologies between the three countries to answer the possible threat China poses.
## Rules
It allows Australia to buy its first nuclear submarines, though the Australian government says that the boats will not be nuclear armed. These nuclear-powered submarines would be completed and ready for service in the mid to late 2030s. Experts say the nuclear subs can take longer trips than other submarines. They say the boats will give the alliance a stronger military presence in the region.

## References
Jean-Claude van Itallie

**Jean-Claude van Itallie** (25 May 1936 – 9 September 2021) was a Belgian-born American playwright, performer, and theatre workshop teacher. He was best known protesting against the Vietnam War and for writing *America Hurrah;* *The Serpent* and his translations of Anton Chekhov's plays. He was born in Brussels, Belgium.

Van Itallie died in New York City on 9 September 2021 from pneumonia at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
* van Itallie's official website 
* van Itallie's page on La MaMa Archives Digital Collections
* Interview with van Itallie on Primary Stages' Off-Broadway Oral History Project
* Interview by the Exiles Memorial Centre
James Snyder Jr.

**James Eugene "Jim" Snyder Jr.** (June 30, 1945 – September 12, 2021) was an American lawyer, writer and politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Snyder Jr. was a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1969 until 1973. Snyder Jr. was born in Lexington, North Carolina.

Snyder Jr. ran for the United States Senate running against U.S. Senator Elizabeth Dole in the Republican primary. He lost the nomination to Dole. He ran twice for Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina, losing both times in 2004 and 2008.

Snyder Jr. died on September 12, 2021 at his home in Lexington at the age of 76.

## References
Philippe Adrien

**Philippe Adrien** (19 December 1939 – 15 September 2021) was a French stage director, actor and playwright. An actor, he was known for his role in the 1959 war movie *Green Harvest*. Adrien began to write plays in the late 1960s. In 1985, Adrien founded the L'Atelier de Recherche et de Réalisation Théâtrale.

Adrien died on 15 September 2021 at the age of 81.

## References
Satoshi Hirayama

was an American baseball player. He played for the Hiroshima Carp in Japan's Central League. Hirayama was an All-Star twice in Japan. He was born in Exeter, California, to Japanese parents. 

Hirayama died on September 15, 2021, in Fresno, California. He was 91.

## References
Tex Clevenger

**Truman Eugene "Tex" Clevenger** (July 9, 1932 – August 24, 2019) was an American Major League Baseball relief pitcher and spot starter. He  played for the Boston Red Sox, Washington Senators, Los Angeles Angels and New York Yankees from 1954 to 1962. 

Clevenger was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2008. He died from the disease on August 24, 2019 in Porterville, California at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
*Tex Clevenger at Baseball Almanac
Porterville, California

**Porterville** is a city in the San Joaquin Valley, in Tulare County, California, United States. 

## References
Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi

**Lehbib Ould Ali Ould Said Ould Yumani**, known as **Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi** (16 February 1973 – 17 August 2021), was a Sahrawi Islamic terrorist. He was the leader of the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara.

On 4 October 2019, the United States offered a $5 million reward for information on where he is.

Al-Sahrawi was killed by French Forces in the Sahel in a drone strike on 17 August 2021. French President Emmanuel Macron announced his death on 15 September.

## References
Boet van Dulmen

**Boet van Dulmen** (19 May 1948 – 16 September 2021) was a Dutch Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He was part of a group of Dutch riders who competed at the highest levels of Grand Prix racing in the late 1970s. He won his only major race at the Finnish Grand Prix.

## References
Dušan Ivković

**Dušan "Duda" Ivković** (29 October 1943 – 16 September 2021) was a Serbian professional basketball player and coach. He was head coach of the senior Serbian national basketball team from 2008 to 2013. He was also the president of the Serbian club BKK Radnički. He was elected to the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017. He was also named a EuroLeague Basketball Legend in 2017. He was born in Belgrade, German-occupied Serbia.

Ivković died on 16 September 2021 in Belgrade from herpes caused by pulmonary edema at the age of 77.

## References
Hlengiwe Mkhize

**Hlengiwe Buhle Mkhize** MP (6 September 1952 – 16 September 2021) was a South African politician. She was a member of the National Assembly from 2009 until her death. She was Minister of Home Affairs in 2017 and Minister of Higher Education, Science and Technology from 2017 until 2018.

Mkhize died on 16 September 2021 at the age of 69.

## References
George Mraz

**George Mraz** (born **Jiří Mráz**; 9 September 1944 – 16 September 2021) was a Czech-born American jazz bassist and alto saxophonist. He was a member of Oscar Peterson's group. During the 1970s, he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet and The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra, and in the 1980s a member of Quest.

## References
Casimir Oyé-Mba

**Casimir Marie Ange Oyé-Mba** (20 April 1942 – 16 September 2021) was a Gabonese politician. He was Governor of the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) from 1978 to 1990. 

Oyé-Mba was Prime Minister of Gabon from 3 May 1990 to 2 November 1994. He also was Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 1999, Minister of State for Planning from 1999 to 2007, and Minister of State for Mines and Oil from 2007 to 2009.

Oyé-Mba died on 16 September 2021 in Paris from COVID-19 at the age of 79.

## References
Graciete Santana

**Graciete Moreira Carneiro Santana** (12 October 1980 – 16 September 2021) was a Brazilian long distance runner. She placed 128th in the athletics marathon at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Santana began running to help her beat bulimia. Santana was born in Serra Preta, Brazil.

Santana died on 16 September 2021 from melanoma in Feira de Santana, Brazil at the age of 40.

## References
Serra Preta

**Serra Preta** is a city in the eastern state of Bahia, Brazil. 14,699 people lived here in 2020.  Serra Preta is about 150 miles northwest from Bahia's capital, Salvador, and 600 miles north of Rio de Janeiro.

## References
Clive Sinclair

**Sir Clive Marles Sinclair** (30 July 1940 – 16 September 2021) was an English businessman and inventor. He was known for his works on consumer electronics in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He was born in Richmond, Surrey, England. He invented many versions of pocket calculators including the first one in 1972. 

Some of his creations include Sinclair Radionics Black Watch wristwatch, the Sinclair Vehicles C5 battery electric vehicle, and the Sinclair Research TV80 flatscreen CRT handheld television set.

Sinclair died from cancer in London on 16 September 2021 at the age of 81.

## References
Roger Brown (defensive tackle)

**Roger Lee Brown** (May 1, 1937 – September 17, 2021) was an American professional football player. He was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Maryland State College before playing professionally for the Detroit Lions (1960–1966) and Los Angeles Rams (1967–1969).

Brown died on September 17, 2021 at the age of 84.

## References
Thanu Padmanabhan

**Thanu Padmanabhan** (10 March 1957 – 17 September 2021) was an Indian theoretical physicist and cosmologist. His works fouced on Gravitation, Structure formation in the universe and Quantum Gravity. He was a Distinguished Professor at the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics. 

Padmanabhan died on 17 September 2021 at the age of 64 from a heart attack in Pune, India.

## References
Lou Angotti

**Louis Frederick Angotti** (January 16, 1938 – September 15, 2021) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. He played for the Chicago Black Hawks, New York Rangers, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins and the St. Louis Blues between 1962 until 1975.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alfonso Sastre

**Alfonso Sastre** (20 February 1926 – 17 September 2021) was a Spanish playwright, essayist, and critic. He was part of the Generation of '36 movement. He was a critic of censorship during the Francisco Franco dictatorship. His best known plays include *Death Squad* (1953), *The Gag* (1954), *Death Thrust* (1960), and *Tragicomedy of the Gypsy Celestina* (1984). He was born in Madrid.

Sastre died in Hondarribia, Spain on 17 September 2021, at the age of 95.

## References
Hondarribia

**Hondarribia** (; ; ) is a town near Bidasoa river's mouth, in Gipuzkoa, in Basque Country, Spain.

## References
Hazard (1948 movie)

***Hazard*** is a 1948 American comedy-drama movie directed by George Marshall and starring Paulette Goddard, Macdonald Carey, Fred Clark, Stanley Clements, Percy Helton, Maxie Rosenbloom, Frank Fenton, Frank Faylen, Walter Baldwin. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Minja Subota

**Milan "Minja" Subota** (8 November 1938 – 17 September 2021) was a Serbian composer, musician, entertainer and photographer. He was born in Sarajevo. He was the host of the long-running children's TV show *Muzički tobogan* on RTS. He was honored with the Order of Karađorđe's Star in 2021.

## References
## Other websites
*Official web site
Kemal Kurspahić

**Kemal Kurspahić** (1 December 1946 – 17 September 2021) was a Bosnian journalist and politician. He was Editor-in-Chief of the Bosnian daily Oslobođenje in Sarajevo between 1989 until 1994. He was born in Mrkonjić Grad, PR Bosnia-Herzegovina. From 2001 until 2006, Kurspahić worked for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

## References
Tap Roots

***Tap Roots*** is a 1948 American Civil War western movie directed by George Marshall and starring Van Heflin, Susan Hayward, Boris Karloff, Julie London, Whitfield Connor, Ward Bond, Richard Long, Russell Simpson. It was distributed by Universal Pictures and was based on the 1942 novel of the same name by James H. Street.

## Other websites
*
Daniel Quinn

**Daniel Quinn** may refer to:
*Daniel Quinn (actor)
*Daniel Clarence Quinn also simply known as **Daniel Quinn**
Carlos Gianelli

**Carlos Alberto Gianelli Derois** (March 7, 1948 – September 17, 2021) was a Uruguayan lawyer and diplomat. He as the Uruguayan ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Mexico, the Netherlands, and the United States. He was born in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Gianelli died on September 17, 2021 in Washington, D.C. from a heart attack at the age of 73.

## References
Palauan language

**Palauan** (*tekoi er a Belau*) is a Micronesian language spoken in Palau. It is officially regulated by the Palau Language Commission.

## References
Nauruan language

**Nauruan** (*Dorerin Naoero* or *Ekaiairũ Naoero*) is a Micronesian language spoken in Nauru. It, along with English, is an official language of Nauru.

Nauruan language is one of the languages that does not exist yet in Google translate.

## References
W. Tayloe Murphy Jr.

**William Tayloe Murphy Jr.** (January 9, 1933 – September 15, 2021) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates between 1982 and 2000. Murphy Jr. was Secretary of Natural Resources under Governor Mark Warner from 2002 until 2006. Murphy Jr. was born in Richmond County, Virginia.

Murphy Jr. died on September 15, 2021 at the age of 88.

## References
Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)

**Philip Edward "Brave" Davis** QC MP (born 7 June 1951) is a Bahamian politician. In September 2021, he became Prime Minister of the Bahamas. He has been a Member of Parliament for Cat Island, Rum Cay & San Salvador since May 2002. He was Leader of the Opposition from May 2017 to September 2021.

## Notes
## References
Kennedy Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

**Kennedy Township** is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is about 10 miles away from Pittsburgh. The population was 8,701 at the 2020 United States Census.

## References
IPhone 13 Pro

**iPhone 13 Pro and iPhone 13 Pro Max** are professional versions of iPhone 13, the 15th generation of iPhone. It was announced at a Apple Worldwide Developers Conference on September 14, 2021, together with the iPhone 13. Apple announced that the iPhone 13 Pro and iPhone 13 Pro Max would be released on September 24, 2021. They were discontinued following the announcement of the IPhone 14 Pro. 

## Related pages 
*iPhone 13
## References
18 Wheeler: American Pro Trucker

***18 Wheeler: American Pro Trucker*** or  in Japan is an arcade vehicle simulator video game,developed by Sega AM2 and published by Sega. The game was released first on arcades in 2000, then later ported to the Dreamcast console in 2001. One year later, the game was also released in PlayStation 2 and GameCube (published by Accalim Entertainment). The game was followed by sequel, called *The King of Route 66*. Released on Arcade in 2002, one year later, the game was ported to the PlayStation 2 in 2003.

## Gameplay
The gameplay in *18 Wheeler: American Pro Trucker* is to make it to the finish line with the truck cargo. Players are given a set amount of time limit, but player can ram into special vans that added an extra times in 3 seconds. There are several character to choose from, with unique truckes and attributes.

Player can starts out in New York City, New York and players can able travel across the United States of America, and the end in the San Francisco, California. After passed Stage 1, the games which gives a players to get a choice of trailer. One trailer is harder to haul, but provides a bigger payoff when the other choices is easier to provides a small payoff.

## Other websites 
* 
* 18 Wheeler: American Pro Thunder at Killer List of Videogames
Torpedo Run

***Torpedo Run*** is a 1958 American World War II movie directed by Joseph Pevney and starring Glenn Ford, Diane Brewster, Ernest Borgnine, Philip Ober, Richard Carlyle, Dean Jones, Robert Hardy, L. Q. Jones. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1959.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Lethal Skies Team SW: Elite Pilot

***Lethal Skies Elite Pilot: Team SW*** ( in Japan) is a combat flight simulator video game developed by Bit Town Inc. and Asmik Ace Entertainment and also published by Sammy Corporation. The gameplay is similiar to *Ace Combat* franchises, *Raiden* series, and *Airforce Delta* series. Released exclusively for PlayStation 2 between 2001 (Japan and North America) and 2002 (Europe).

The game has followed by a sequel called *Lethal Skies II*, and released in 2003.

## Other websites
* 
* *Lethal Skies Elite Pilot: Team SW* at GameFAQs
Wataru Takeshita

was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet from 2000 until his death. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was a member of the far-right organization Nippon Kaigi. Takeshita was born in Kakeya, Japan.

Takeshita was diagnosed with esophageal cancer in 2019. He died on 17 September 2021 in Tokyo from the disease at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website  in Japanese.
Digoin

**Digoin** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Saône-et-Loire department in east France.

## References
ITV News

***ITV News*** is the branding of news programmes on the British television network ITV. Independent Television News (**ITN**) was founded in 1955. The channel's news coverage has won awards from the Royal Television Society, Emmy Awards and BAFTAs. Between 2004 and 2008, the *ITV Evening News* held the title of "RTS News Programme of the Year".

## References
Americana, São Paulo

**Americana** is an Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. 242,018 people lived here in 2020 and its area is 133.91&nbsp;km².
SIX Swiss Exchange

**SIX Swiss Exchange** (formerly **SWX Swiss Exchange**), based in Zurich, is Switzerland's principal stock exchange (the other being Berne eXchange). SIX Swiss Exchange also trades other securities such as Swiss government bonds and derivatives such as stock options.

It is owned by SIX Group which is an unlisted public limited company itself and is controlled by 122 banks or financial institutions.

The main stock market index for the SIX Swiss Exchange is the blue-chip index, the SMI, or Swiss Market Index. The index consists of the 20 most significant and most liquid large and mid-cap SPI equity-securities based on the free float market capitalisation.

SIX Swiss Exchange was the first stock exchange in the world to incorporate a fully automated trading, clearing and settlement system in 1995. The exchange is controlled by an association of 55 banks. Each of these banks has equal voting rights in the matter of decision making concerning the management and regulation of the exchange.

**SIX X-Clear Ltd** provides clearing and acts as the central counterparty for clearing trades, securities settlement and custody services.

## SMI
## History 
SIX Swiss Exchange was founded in 1993. It was created by merging the Geneva stock exchange, the Basel stock exchange and the Zurich stock exchange into the Verein Schweizerische Effektenbörse.

## Other services 
SIX Group as well as being a stock exchange provides a number of other services through separate subsidiaries, these include;

* **SIX x-clear Ltd** providing clearing and acts as the central counterparty for clearing trades.
* **SIX SIS Ltd** which provides securities settlement and custody services.
* **SIX SAG Ltd** providing share registry service.
* **SIX Financial Information** providing financial information services.
* **SIX pay, multipay** providing payment services within Switzerland and Europe.
* **SIX Payment Services** providing payment services within Europe, Scandinavia, USA, Australia and in the UAE.
* SIX Interbank Clearing AG, running the Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) system providing interbank clearing or Real Time Gross Settlement on behalf of the central bank of Switzerland the Swiss National Bank.  SIC became part of the SIX Group in 2008 as part of a merger of the financial market infrastructure providers in Switzerland.

## Hours 
The exchange's normal trading sessions are from 09:00 to 17:30 on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.

## Notes and references 
## Other websites 
* Official site
Garda, Veneto

**Garda** is a *comune* in the Province of Verona in the Veneto region in Italy. It is on the shore of Lake Garda. Garda is known for its beautiful bay surrounded by lush green hills, making it ideal for exploring the northern mountainous shores of the lake as well as southern lake towns and nearby wine regions. The town offers beaches like La Cavalla and the natural park and beach at Punta San Vigilio (Baia delle Sirene).
Colfax, California

**Colfax** (formerly, **Alden Grove**, **Alder Grove**, **Illinoistown**, and **Upper Corral**) is a city in Placer County, California. The population was 1,995 at the 2020 census.

## References
Jaye Davidson

**Jaye Davidson** (born **Alfred Amey**; March 21, 1968) is an English-American model and retired actor. He made his acting debut as the transgender woman Dil in the thriller movie *The Crying Game* (1992), for which he received an Academy Award  for Best Supporting Actor. Following his , he portrayed a villainous alien impersonating the Egyptian god Ra in the  successful science fiction movie *Stargate* (1994). Davidson retired from acting afterwards, not liking the fame that the roles brought him.

## Personal life
Davidson was born in Riverside, California, U.S.A but grew up in Borehamwood in Hertfordshire, England. His father is from Ghana and his mother is from England.

Davidson later retired from acting, stating that he "genuinely hated the fame" he was receiving. He became more involved in modelling, and has since worked on several high-profile photo shoots.

## Filmography
### Movie
### Television
## References
## Other websites
*
Łuków

**Łuków** () is a city in eastern Poland, in the north part of Lublin Voivodeship. It has 29,441 inhabitants (31 December 2020).

## References
## Other websites
Sirmione

**Sirmione** is a *comune* in the Province of Brescia in the Lombardy region in Italy. It has a historical centre which is located on a small peninsula that separates the lower part of Lake Garda.
The Neon Demon

***The Neon Demon*** is a 2016 American Belgian French Danish psychological horror movie directed by Nicolas Winding Refn and starring Elle Fanning, Karl Glusman, Jena Malone, Desmond Harrington, Christina Hendricks, Keanu Reeves, Bella Heathcote. It was distributed by Amazon Studios.

## Other websites
* 
*
Love for Sale (album)

***Love for Sale*** is the second collaboration album between American singers Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga.  It was released on October 1, 2021, through Columbia and Interscope Records.  It is also Bennett's final album before retirement. The album contains covers of Cole Porter songs.

The first single, "I Get a Kick Out of You", was released on August 6, 2021, followed by the second single, "Love for Sale", on September 17, 2021.

The album entered the US *Billboard* 200 album chart at number eight and entered at the top of the Traditional Jazz Albums chart, becoming Bennett's fifteenth chart-topper on the latter chart.

## Track listing 
Lengths taken from Target CD import.

## Charts
## References
IPhone 13

**iPhone 13** and **iPhone 13 Mini** are 15th generation of the iPhone, it was released on September 24, 2021. It was announced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference on September 14, 2021. Tim Cook introduced the iPhone 13 with the new Apple A15 chip and other new features, among the release of IOS 15. They have a smaller notch than the iPhone 12.

### Performance 
There is a new CPU in the iPhone 13. It's called the Apple A15 Bionic.

## Related pages 
*iPhone 13 Pro

## References
Orenburg

**Orenburg** () is a city in Russia. It is the capital of Orenburg Oblast. As of 2024, the city has 536,862 people.

## History 
Orenburg is known formerly Chkalov, a city and administrative centre of Orenburg Oblast, an oblast in Russia, on the Ural River at the Sakmara confluence. Orenburg is founded as a fortress in 1735 at the Ural-Or confluence, where Orsk now stands, Orsk it was moved to its present site in 1743.

Orenburg was originally the military centre of the Ural Cossacks, and its commercial importance grew with trade to Central Asia, especially after the railway from Kuybyshev (now Samara) was built in 1871 to 1873.

## Geography 
Orenburg is in Europe. It is 1,458 kilometers southeast of Moscow, 2,170 kilometers southeast of Saint Petersburg and 1,073 kilometers southeast of Nizhny Novgorod.

## Economy and agriculture 
Orenburg has major engineering industries, producing heavy-industrial and agricultural machinery; it manufactures a range of consumer goods and foodstuffs. It also has gas-processing facilities. Orenburg has teacher-training, medical, and agricultural institutes.

## References
Colfax, Washington

**Colfax** is the county seat of Whitman County, Washington, United States.

The population was 2,782 at the 2020 census.

## References
Mario Camus

**Mario Camus García** (20 April 1935 – 18 September 2021) was a Spanish movie director and screenwriter. He won the  Golden Bear for his movie *La colmena*. His other best works were *The House of Bernarda Alba* (1987) and *Shadows in a Conflict* (1993).

Camus died on 18 September 2021 in Santander, Spain at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sheboygan River

The **Sheboygan River** is a river flowing to Lake Michigan in eastern Wisconsin in the United States.  It is about  long. It enters the lake at the city of Sheboygan. The name of the river is Chippewa meaning 'hollow bone', 'noise underground' or 'river disappearing underground'.

## References
They Were Expendable

***They Were Expendable*** is a 1945 American World War II movie directed by John Ford and was based on the 1942 novel of the same name by William Lindsay White. It stars Robert Montgomery, John Wayne, Donna Reed, Jack Holt, Ward Bond, Marshall Thompson, Paul Langton, Leon Ames, Donald Curtis, Jeff York and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
*
Marja'

**Marji** (, transliteration: *marjiʿ*; plural: *marājiʿ*), also known as a '''marji' taqlīd** () or **marji' dīnī'* (), is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia authority. The *Grand Ayatollah'' has power given by a hawzah to make legal decisions within Islamic law for followers and clerics.

## References
Ali al-Sistani

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid **Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani** (; , born 4 August 1930), commonly known as **Ayatollah Sistani**, is an Iranian-born Iraqi Shia Marja'. He was born in Mashhad, Iran.

He is seen as the leading spiritual leader of Iraqi Shia Muslims, and one of the most senior scholars in Twelver Shia Islam. 

In 2005 and 2014, he was also nominated for Nobel Prize Award.

## References
Pithecopus hypochondrialis

The **orange-legged leaf frog** (*Pithecopus hypochondrialis*) is a frog that lives in Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and the Guianas. People have seen it as high as 1500 meters above sea level.

This frog hides during the day and moves at night. People have seen it sitting on shrubs and other plants in forests and in grasslands that are covered with water for part of the year. The male frog sits near ponds that dry up for part of the year and calls to the female frogs. The female frog lays eggs on leaves over the water. The tadpoles fall into the water after they hatch. Scientists have seen some of these frogs in cities.

Human beings change the places where it lives by cutting down forests to make farms and to let cows eat grass. There are also problems with fire. Some people have caught the frog to sell as pets. But because this frog can live in cities, it is not in danger of dying out.

## References
Mazaugues

**Mazaugues** is a commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France. 878 people lived there in 2018.

## References
List of awards and nominations received by Billie Eilish

This is a list of awards and nominations received by American singer-songwriter Billie Eilish.

## Other accolades 
### World records 
## Notes
## References
Reduced affect display

**Reduced affect displays** (better known as **emotional blunting**) is the condition where a person has a reduced emotional reaction. People with this condition have problems expressing their feelings. They are unable to do this while they talk about certain problems which normally cause people to express emotions. Expressive gestures aren't common. There is also little or no animation in the facial expressions or the changes for certain people's voices. Reduced affect is often the symptom of autism, depression, schizoid personality disorder, schizophrenia or even post-traumatic stress disorder. It is also often the side effect of certain drugs (these tend to include antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs).

Reduced affect is different from apathy and anhedonia (these others mean not having enough or *any* emotion). Reduced affect means not enough or any *expressions* of emotion (affect displays), without mattering whether or not emotions are actually reduced.

## Types of flat or blunted affects
Constricted or restricted affects mean when one's abilities to express themselves with certain levels of emotional intensity are limited or not done fully.

Blunted affect is totally different from flat affects. "Blunted" (in *blunted affects*) means people still have affects. These people's responses in emotions, however, are usually not intense or strong like others would normally predict.

## References