open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kelly Tarlton's Antarctic Encounter and Underwater World

'''Kelly Tarlton's Antarctic Encounter and Underwater World''' is an aquarium in Auckland, New Zealand. It is all underground and within the walls of Auckland City's sewage holding tanks, unused since 1961. It opened on January 25, 1985.

Kelly Tarlton, an avid diver, treasure hunter and undersea explorer, was responsible for the Underwater World concept and construction.  

Construction took 10 months and cost $3 million. Kelly Tarlton died suddenly of a heart attack on March 17, 1985, seven weeks after the Underwater World opened.

Large sharks, stingrays and 1500 fish of forty different species may be viewed through a 114 metre-long underwater plexiglass tunnel in a figure-of-eight shape. The plexiglass is 7 centimetres thick.

## Other websites 
* Kelly Tarlton's Antarctic Encounter and Underwater World
Guide dog

, Brazil.]]

**Guide dogs** are dogs trained to help blind  or vision impaired people live on their own.  They are sometimes called "Seeing Eye" dogs. Guide dogs are one type of assistance animals, which are animals trained to help people with a disability to lead more complete lives.

The blind person (sometimes called a "handler") and the dog need to work together. Both the dog and the handler must take special training to learn how to work as a team. The handler needs to let the guide dog know the direction they want to go. The dog can lead the person around things that may be dangerous, such as moving cars or other things. Also, guide dogs may be taught to press buttons to work elevators or get things for their handler.  Because dogs cannot see colors as well as people, they cannot read traffic signals, so the handler must use ways to tell if it is safe to cross a street.

Because the guide dog and handler will be in public, it is important that the dog stays calm in busy or loud areas. In many countries, guide dogs are allowed inside places where animals normally are not allowed, such as restaurants, stores, buses and trains.

## History
Germany started the first guide dog schools during World War 1, to help soldiers who were blinded in the war. By 1931, schools and organizations such as The Seeing Eye in Morristown, New Jersey in the United States and the British Guide Dog Association in the United Kingdom were founded.

## Related pages
*Blindness
List of cat breeds

This page lists breeds of domestic cats. The list includes breeds that are old traditional breeds, including universally-familiar ones such as the Persian, the Angora and the Siamese, and also rare breeds or new breeds that are still being developed, with two notable examples being the Peterbald and the Toybob. Please see individual articles for more information.

## Breeds
## References
Grave (mass)

The **grave** (symbol: **gv**), was the word that was used to describe mass before the word *kilogram* was introduced. *Grave* comes from the word *gravity* and was first used in 1793 in France. The name *kilogram* was introduced in 1795 but was not the official word for mass until 1875.

In order to have full consistency in the International System of Units (SI), many people think that the kilogram should be called something different. Using the word *kilogram* creates a problem because it is a base unit that has the prefix "kilo" already in its name. To fix the problem, some people have suggested using the word *grave* again.

## Other websites 
* http://www.bipm.org/en/si/history-si/name_kg.html 
* http://www.utc.fr/~tthomass/Themes/Unites/hist/Histoire%20du%20systeme%20metrique.pdf
* http://www.utc.fr/~tthomass/Themes/Unites/prehist/GBigourdan.pdf

## References
The Smiths

**The Smiths** were an English rock band from Manchester. They formed in 1982 and split up in 1987. They released four studio albums. The band consisted of Morrissey (singing), Johnny Marr (guitar), Andy Rourke (bass) and Mike Joyce (drums). Critics have called them the most important alternative rock band to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s. *Q* magazine writer Simon Goddard wrote that The Smiths were the one truly important group of the 1980s, "the most influential British guitar group of the decade" and the first independent group to become successful in the main music scene.

The band was based on the songwriting partnership of Morrissey and Marr. They signed to the independent record label Rough Trade Records. On this, they released four studio albums: *The Smiths* (1984), *Meat Is Murder* (1985), *The Queen Is Dead* (1986) and *Strangeways, Here We Come* (1987). They have also released several compilations, and many singles that were not released on any of their studio albums.

The Smiths had several singles reach the UK top twenty. All four of their albums reached the UK top five, including one which topped the charts. They won a large following of fans. The band had limited commercial success outside the UK while they were still together. The band broke up in 1987 and have refused several offers to reunite.

The music focuses on a guitar, bass and drum sound. They blend 1960s rock and post-punk. This sounded very different to the synthesiser-based contemporary dance pop that was popular in the early 1980s. Marr's guitar playing on his Rickenbacker often had a jangly sound influenced by Roger McGuinn of the 1960s group The Byrds. It influenced later bands from Manchester, such as The Stone Roses and Oasis. Morrissey's lyrics combined stories about ordinary people's lives with a sense of humour.

## Band members 
*Morrissey (lead singer)
*Johnny Marr (guitar)
*Andy Rourke (bass) (deceased, 2023)
*Mike Joyce (drums)

## Discography 
*The Smiths (1984)
*Hatful of Hollow (1984)
*Meat Is Murder (1985)
*The Queen Is Dead (1986)
*The World Won't Listen (1987)
*Louder Than Bombs (1987)
*Strangeways, Here We Come (1987)
*Rank (1988)

## References
## Other websites 
*Morrisey on ¡ponte los cascos! article about Morrisey and Eurovision
Phil of the Future

***Phil of the Future*** is an American comedy children's television series. It was produced by 2121 Productions (a part of Brookwell McNamara Entertainment). It was first shown on June 18, 2004 on the Disney Channel, and ended on August 19, 2006 as part of the Disney Channel Games. Stars of the show include Ricky Ullman (Phil Diffy), Amy Bruckner (Pim Diffy), and Alyson Michalka (Keely Teslow). The last episode was shown in the United States on August 19, 2006.

## Cast 
* Ricky Ullman as Philip "Phil" Diffy
* Amy Bruckner as Pim Diffy
* Craig Anton as Lloyd Diffy
* Lise Simms as Barbara Diffy
* Alyson Michalka as Keely Teslow
* J.P. Manoux as Curtis and as Vice Principal Hackett
* Kay Panabaker as Debbie Berwick
* Rory Thost as Bradley Benjamin Farmer

## Episodes 
### Season 1 
# Your Cheatin' Heart
# Unification Day
# Meet the Curtis
# Phillin' In
# Tanner
# Raging Bull
# My Way
# Daddy Dearest
# Pheremonally Yours
# Future Tutor
# Future Jock
# You Say Toe-Mato
# Doggie Daycare
# We'll Fix it in Editing
# Halloween
# Age Before Beauty
# Neander Phil
# Double Trouble
# Milkin' It
# Corner Pocket
# Team Diffy

### Season 2 

Versa Day
Virtu-Day
The Giggle
Dinner Time
Tia, Via, or Me... Uhh
Ge Ready to Go-Go
Phil Without a Future
Time Release Capsule
Mummy's Boy
Maybe-Sitting
Good Phil Hunting
Pim-Cipal
Phil of the Garage
It's a Wonder-Phil Life
Christmas Break
Stuck in the Meddle with You
Broadcast Blues
Happy Nirday
Ill of the Future
Where's the Wizard?
Not-So-Great Great Great Grandpa
Back to the Future (Not the Movie)

## Gadgets Used in the TV Series 
* **Wizard -** Can perform multiple functions (Usually spelled **Wizrd**)
* **New Ager -** Can make people older and younger
* **DNA Scrambler -** Manipulates the DNA of the person it is used on
* **Insta Morph -** Changes what people look like so other people think they are someone else(as seen in Not-So Great-Great-Grandpa)
* **Skyak -** A futuristic flying vehicle, which is like a jet-ski
* **Penny Missile -** Springing clip
* **The Giggle -** A futuristic version of the internet
* **Replicator Gadget -** Replicates (or 'clones') the subject
* **Holographic Tracking Sensor -** Can be used to track a subject
* **Omnimatic Grapthifiers -** Works as a laser operated gripping device, used for climbing
* **Virtu-Goggles -** Strap-on goggles that lets people view and experience a virtual-reality world
* **Laser Squash -** A futuristic game like handball
* **Spray Food Cans -** Spray cans that make any kind of food
* **I Want Straight Hair -** Makes frizzy, messy hair instantly neat
* **Dress Me Hoop -** Used to automatically dress a person when he or she goes through it
* **Invisi-spray -** Used to make someone invisible (cannot be seen)

## Other websites 
* Save *Phil of The Future* 
* Brookwell McNamara Entertainment
Multituberculate

The **multituberculates** were a group of rodent-like mammals which survived for about 166 million years – the longest fossil history of any mammal line.

They were eventually outcompeted by rodents, becoming extinct during the late Eocene. 

At least 200 species are known, ranging from mouse-sized to beaver-sized. These species occupied many  ecological niches, ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like tree-dwelling. 

Multituberculates are usually placed outside both the two main groups of living mammals, the Theria (placentals and marsupials), and monotremes. Some cladistic analyses put them closer to Theria than to monotremes.

## Biology 
The multituberculates had a head anatomy similar to rodents. They had cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap (called the *diastema*). Each cheek-tooth displayed several rows of small cusps (or tubercles, hence the name) which worked against similar rows in the teeth of the jaw. It was an efficient chopping device.

Most small multituberculates would have eaten seeds and nuts, supplemented with insects, worms, and fruit.

The structure of the pelvis in the Multituberculata suggests that they gave birth to tiny helpless young, similar to modern marsupials.

## References
Allotheria

The **Allotheria** are an extinct infraclass or superorder of mammals. They are related to the prototheria and theria.

The allotheres was a branch of successful Mesozoic mammals. The most important characteristic was the presence of lower molariform teeth with two longitudinal rows of cusps.

Allotheres also had a narrow pelvis, indicating that they gave birth to tiny, helpless young as marsupials do.

The Haramiyida from the Triassic period were the earliest group, and the Multituberculates survived until the Oligocene, 35 million years ago.

## References
Majuro

**Majuro** is the capital city of the country of the Marshall Islands. Built on 64 islands, Majuro has a port and an international airport. It has a population of 25,400 (2004). Majuro is located at 7°7'30" North, 171°4' East (7.125, 171.0667). 

The atoll of Majuro has a land area of only 3.75 mi² (9.7 km²), and is surrounded by lagoon of 113.92 mi² (295 km²). Sport fishing and underwater diving are popular. During World War II, on January 30, 1944, United States troops attacked Majuro (controlled by Japan).
South Tarawa

**South Tarawa** (in Gilbertese and English: **Teinainano Urban Council** or abr. **TUC**) is the capital city of the country Kiribati. It is on an island called Tarawa Atoll. The meaning of **Teinainano** is "down of the mast", referring to the sail-shape of the atoll.

The South Tarawa population center is made up of all the small islands between Bairiki (on the west) to Temaiku on the east. All of separated islands are joined by causeways, forming one long island on the reef along the southern side of the Tarawa Lagoon. There is also a new causeway—the Japanese Causeway—that links South Tarawa to Betio. South Tarawa is at 1°19' North, 172°58' East (1.31667, 172.9667). 

There is a Kiribati Teacher College and one University of the South Pacific center on South Tarawa. Bairiki is sometimes considered *the* capital of Kiribati because at one time both the Parliament, the Presidency and main administrative offices were located there. The Parliament meets on Ambo island; Government department are spread among South Tarawa, Betio and Christmas Island.

The Roman Catholic diocese and the Kiribati Protestant Church are on South Tarawa. Bairiki (executive), Ambo (legislative), Betio (judicial) are the main places of the capital.
Taichung

**Taichung City** ( or ; POJ: Tâi-tiong) is a city in west-central Taiwan with a population of over 2.7 million people, making it the second largest city on the island.  The city's name is Chinese for "Central Taiwan". The average temperature of Taichung City is about 23°C, and average rainfall is about 1.7 m per year.

## Districts
*Beitun District (北屯區)
*Central District (中區)
*East District (東區)
*Nantun District (南屯區)
*North District (北區)
*Xitun (Situn) District (西屯區)
*South District (南區)
*West District (西區)
Snorkeling

**Snorkeling** is swimming while using a tube to breathe underwater.
 
## Overview
Snorkeling is a very popular activity, particularly in places with clear, calm, warm oceans. It allows people to see underwater life in a natural setting, without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving. 

## Activity
Generally, people snorkel in shallow reefs ranging from sea level to 4 meters (13 feet) deep. Snorkelers can also explore deep water reefs. However, to see deeper reefs, a snorkeler has to hold their breath and dive down to the reef to see it. This kind of snorkeling takes more skill and fitness than shallow water snorkeling. It is also more dangerous than shallow water snorkeling. Snorkelers use masks so they can see underwater. This allows them to see fish, coral reefs and other forms of sea life.

## History
Man has always been interested by what is under the ocean. Evidence shows that people have been free diving for at least 5,000 years.  The earliest known free divers were sponge farmers in Crete, who lived around 3000 B.C.E. These farmers used free diving to collect underwater sponges. They used hollow reeds like modern snorkels, to allow them to breathe while underwater.

## Equipment
Snorkelers use three basic pieces of equipment:
* A snorkel: A curved plastic tube that snorkelers can breathe through while underwater
* A mask: Snorkeling masks protect the nose and face, and allow snorkelers to see underwater
* Diving fins: Snorkelers wear these on their feet to make it easier to swim.  Free divers also use them to make it easier to dive to deep levels

## Differences with scuba diving
Snorkeling is swimming on the surface of the water, with the head and nose under the water, using a diving mask, snorkel, and diving fins. Scuba diving is swimming with the whole body underwater.  Scuba divers breathe through an oxygen tank, which allows them to breathe underwater for long periods at a time. Scuba divers also wear a tight diving suit, a diving mask, and diving fins.

Before a person can scuba dive, they have to get training how to use the breathing equipment and dive to deep waters. Snorkeling does not require any training. People who cannot swim can still snorkel if they use a life jacket to keep them floating on the water.

## Other websites
*http://www.tropicalsnorkeling.com/first-time-snorkeling.html
*https://web.archive.org/web/20111021065205/http://www.npca.org/marine_and_coastal/coral_reefs/snorkeling.html
*PIehl, Galen and Nicole Atkins. "First Time Snorkeling Tips - Avoid These Beginner Mistakes". TropicalSnorkeling.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 23 May 2016
*How To Snorkel Safely 
*Snorkeling With Kids 

## References
Gondwanatheria

**Gondwanatheria** is an extinct group of mammals that lived during the Upper Cretaceous to the Miocene. They lived in the Southern Hemisphere continents which had been part of the supercontinent Gondwana. 

These mammals are known only from isolated teeth and a few lower jaws. Because of these fragmentary remains, their relationships are unclear. Later finds have improved our knowledge of them. It was thought previously that climate changes at the Eocene&ndash;Oligocene boundary had caused their extinction.

Fossils have come from South America, India and Antarctica, where gondwanatherids lived in the lush forests which once covered much of the world. 

## References
Audio engineer

(Danmarks Radio). The console is an NP-elektroakustik specially made for Danmarks Radio in the eighties.]]
An **audio engineer** (or simply **engineer** for short) is a person who operates, and usually chooses and sets up recording equipment. The term applies mainly to a person who works in a recording studio but can also apply to people who do the same kind of work, in other places. An engineer may work with multitrack recordings or stereophonic remixes.

Audio engineering deals with the recording and reproduction of sound through mechanical and electronic  means and is a part of audio science. The field draws on many disciplines, including electrical engineering, acoustics, and music. An audio engineer is closer to the creative and technical aspects of audio than an acoustical engineer.

Some  (and a few ) engineers are self-taught, and learn mostly by doing, or with the help of an instruction . Many engineers started in other studio jobs (such as running ), and learned about recording as they became familiar with the studio where they worked. An engineer learns about the use and placement of s, how to operate and maintain an audio mixer, recording deck, sound effects, and other machines, and how to switch between live and recorded sounds, to make the best, and often the most unique, recording possible. A good engineer will strive to make recordings that are both of high technical quality, and also pleasing to hear.

Starting wages may be small in recording studios, and many beginners work as unpaid s. Experienced engineers, especially those who have worked on a hit record, may command a large wage. Some engineers are paid a salary, while others may earn hourly pay (sometimes based on the studio's rates), or be paid per session. Many go on to start their own recording studios, or maintain a private studio or mobile recording service. A few work only for a single recording artist, band, or producer.

Several colleges and universities in the United States and other countries offer classes in recording, which may cover its history, its uses, and of course technique and technical knowledge. Some schools offer degree or diploma programs in Recording. Graduating such a program does not guarantee a person a studio job, but increases one's chances, and can provide better preparation for such a career.

Besides studio work, some engineers have one or more specialties, such as making new digital versions of old recordings, as consultants to places that give concerts and live performances, and sometimes as expert witnesses in court s, when sounds or a recording may be important to the outcome of a case.

## Equipment 
*Microphones
*Mixing consoles
*Signal processors
*Digital audio workstations
*Music sequencers
*Speakers
*Preamplifiers
*Amplifiers

## Related pages 
*Electrical engineering
*Record producer

## Other websites 
*Audio Engineering Society
*Audio engineering formulas and calculators
*Recording engineer video interviews
*Audio Engineering online course  under Creative Commons Licence
Phil Spector

**Harvey Phillip Spector** (December 26, 1939 &ndash; January 16, 2021) was an American record producer. He was co-owner of Philles Records (with then-business partner Lester Sill), and later owner of Phil Spector Records.  In 2009 he was found guilty of second-degree murder. He was in prison from 2009 until his death in 2021.

The recording artists who worked with Spector over the years included The Crystals ("Then He Kissed Me"), The Ronettes ("Be My Baby"), The Righteous Brothers ("You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'"), Gene Pitney ("Every Breath I Take"), Darlene Love ("(Today I Met) The Boy I'm Gonna Marry"), and Tina Turner ("River Deep, Mountain High").

## Death
Spector died, still under arrest, on January 16, 2021 at a hospital in French Camp, California from problems caused by COVID-19 at the age of 81.

## References
Jermain Defoe

**Jermain Defoe** (born 7 October 1982) is a former English football player. He played more than 600 league games including two spells at Tottenham Hotspur. He made over 50 appearances for the England national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Defoe goal.''

## Honours
**Tottenham Hotspur**
*Football League Cup: 2007–08 

**Rangers**
*Scottish Premiership: 2020–21
*Scottish League Cup runner-up: 2019–20
 
**Individual**
*Tottenham Hotspur Player of the Year: 2004
*Premier League Player of the Month: August 2009
*Sunderland Supporters' Player of the Year: 2015–16
*Sunderland Player of the Year: 2015–16

**Orders**
*Officer of the Order of the British Empire: 2018

## References
Province of Ascoli Piceno

The **Province of Ascoli Piceno** () is a province in the region of Marche in Italy. Its capital is the city of Ascoli Piceno.

## Geography
Ascoli Piceno has an area of . The province is bordered to the east by the Adriatic Sea and to the north with the provinces of  Macerata and Fermo. It borders with three regionsː the Abruzzo region to the south, the Lazio region to the soutwest and the Umbria region to the west.

The main river in the province is Tronto,  long and the highest mountain is Monte Vettore (), with an altitude of .

## Population
There are 209,450 persons living in the province (1 January 2017).

## Gallery

File:Ascoli Piceno.jpg|*Piazza del Popolo*, Ascoli Piceno.
File:Rotondagiorginisbt.jpg|San Benedetto del Tronto.
File:Grottammare 2013 by-RaBoe 002.jpg|Grottammare.
File:Monteprandone 22 aprile 2015.JPG|Monteprandone.
File:Monte Vettore.jpg|Monte Vettore.

## Related pages
* List of comuni of the Province of Ascoli Piceno

## References
## Other websites
* Province of Ascoli Piceno official website
Shrew

**Shrews** are small mammals which look rather like mice. They were classified in the old Insectivora, but that is no longer used. Now they are classified in the family **Soricidae**, suborder Soricomorpha.

True shrews are not to be confused with West Indies shrews, treeshrews, otter shrews, or elephant shrews, which belong to different families or orders.

Although its external appearance is generally that of a long-nosed mouse, a shrew is *not* a rodent, as mice are. In fact it is related to moles. Shrews have sharp, spike-like teeth, not the familiar gnawing front incisor teeth of rodents.

Shrews are distributed almost worldwide. Of the major tropical and temperate land masses, only New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand do not have any native shrews. In South America, shrews are relatively recent immigrants and are present only in the northern Andes. In terms of species diversity, the shrew family is the fourth most successful mammal family.

## Taxonomy 
The old order Insectivora was not a natural (monophyletic) group. New terms are used to classify its former groups. That explains the little-known terms in the taxobox.

## Characteristics 
All shrews are small, most no larger than a mouse. The largest is the Asian house shrew (*Suncus murinus*), which is about 15&nbsp;cm long and weighs around 100&nbsp;grams. Several are very small: the Etruscan shrew (*Suncus etruscus*), is about 3.5&nbsp;cm and 2&nbsp;grams. It is the smallest living terrestrial mammal and the smallest type of shrew.

In general, shrews live in and on the ground. They search for seeds, insects, nuts, and worms. Some climb trees, some live underground, some live under snow, and some hunt in water. They have small eyes, and generally poor vision, but have excellent senses of hearing and smell. They are very active animals, with big appetites. Shrews have an unusually high metabolic rate. Shrews usually eat 80–90% of their own body weight in food daily.

They do not hibernate, but can enter torpor. Shrews can lose between 30% and 50% of their body weight in winter, shrinking the size of bones, skull and internal organs.

Unlike rodents, which have  incisors that grow continually, the teeth of shrews wear down throughout life, and they lose their milk teeth before birth. Therefore, they have only one set of teeth for their lifetime. Apart from the first pair of incisors, which are long and sharp, and the chewing molars at the back of the mouth, the teeth of shrews are small and peg-like, and may be reduced in number. The dental formula of shrews is: upper=3.1.1-3.3; lower=1-2.0-1.1.3.

### Fiercely territorial 
Shrews are fiercely territorial. They drive off rivals, and come together only to mate. Many species dig burrows to store food and hide from predators, but this is not universal. For this reason, they need to eat almost constantly. Probably the aquatic nymphs of insects (for example, mosquito larvae) are on the menu even though many of these are themselves hungry eaters.

## References
Ground squirrel

, Yosemite National Park in California]]

**Ground squirrels** are **marmots**. These are small rodents, squirrels which live on and in the ground.

Most of them live in the mountains, like the Sierra Nevada, or the Alps. Marmots make holes in the ground. They live in burrows, underground. They hibernate, that is they sleep through the winter. Marmots are very social animals. They group together easily. They also like to communicate with each other, with whistles, especially when they sense danger.

They vary in size and habits. Most are able to rise up on their hind legs and stand fully erect comfortably for long periods. This way they watch for predators. They tend to live together more than other squirrels, and many live in colonies with complex social structures. Most Marmotini are rather short-tailed and large squirrels. The Alpine marmot (*Marmota marmota*) is the largest living member of the Sciuridae, at 53–73 cm in length and weighing 5–8 kg.

Many historians suggest that marmots, rather than rats, were the carriers of bubonic plague epidemics in the Middle Ages.

## Related pages 
*Chipmonk
*Groundhog
*Prairie dog

## Other websites
Groundhog

The **groundhog** (also known as the **chuck**, **wood-shock**, **groundpig**, **whistlepig**, **whistler**, **thickwood badger**, **Canada marmot**, **monax**, **moonack**, **weenusk**, **red monk**, or **siffleux**) is a rodent. It belongs to the group of ground squirrels. Those squirrels are also known as marmots. The animal may also be called **woodchuck**, or **whistlepig**. Groundhogs dig tunnels and live underground. Groundhog holes, called burrows, are easy to recognize; they are holes, about 9.in (inches) (23&nbsp;cm (centimeters)) wide which usually have large piles of dirt and rocks at the entrance. Each hole can contain tunnels leading to up to ten other holes. The tunnels are spacious and can have chambers like rooms. Groundhogs can make their homes under trees, around buildings and in open fields. 

## Problems 
Some problems with groundhogs are that they eat crops and dig around the foundations of buildings. When groundhogs dig around buildings this can cause damage if the holes go too far under the building.

## In Culture 
In the United States, there is a holiday called Groundhog Day. It is celebrated on February 2 of every year. 

Image:Groundhog Standing1.jpg|A groundhog standing
Image:DogGroundHog-small.jpg|Closeup of an animal

## References
Suva

**Suva** is the capital city of Fiji. It is on the southeast coast of the island of Viti Levu. Suva became the capital of Fiji in 1877. It was changed from the settlement of Kaivalagi on the island of Ovalau because that settlement had no space left to grow. Kaivalangi had been established by the Europeans. In 1996, 77,366 people lived in Suva. Including independent suburbs, 167,975 people lived in the Greater Suva city area.

## Other websites 
* Suva City Council (official website)
Port Vila

**Port Vila** is the capital city of Vanuatu. Located on the south coast of the island of Efate, it has the country's most important dock and airport, Bauerfield International, making it the nation's economic and commercial center. As of the 2020 census, the population was 49,034.

During World War II, Port Vila was an American and Australian airbase. In 1987 and 2015, tropical cyclones badly damaged the city.

## References
Human Be-In

The ''' 'Human Be-In' ''' was an event during the afternoon and evening of January 14, 1967. It was held in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. The Human Be-In caused the Summer of Love, which introduced hippie life and the word psychedelic to everyday Americans, and made the Haight-Ashbury area of San Francisco famous because it was the center of an American counterculture.

The hippie movement had two main sources. One source was college students who were not happy about the way the country was headed. They did not like the way African Americans were being treated in the South or the way young men were being drafted to fight in the Vietnam War. The other source of the hippie movement was the 'Beat Generation' (poets and jazz hipsters).

Throughout the early 1960s, college students who were against the policies of segregation in Southern United States would travel to the south. They took part in sit-ins, register African Americans to vote, demonstrate, march, and other activism. More and more people were unhappy about the Vietnam War and the riots. During this time, San Francisco was becoming a center for younger people who liked to experiment with drugs, and it was also a center for the music scene. From the idea of the 'sit-in', they got the idea to have a 'Human Be-In' in early January to get people's minds off politics and the war.

The Human Be-In was announced on the cover of the first issue of the *San Francisco Oracle* as "A Gathering of the Tribes for a Human Be-In". Speakers at the rally included Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert (soon to be more widely known as 'Ram Dass'), and poets like Allen Ginsberg, who chanted mantras, and Gary Snyder. Leary set the tone that afternoon with his famous phrase "Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out". Other counterculture leaders who were there included comedian Dick Gregory, Lenore Kandel, and Jerry Rubin. The Hells Angels, at the peak of their 'outlaw' reputation, looked after lost children. Local rock bands such as Grateful Dead and Quicksilver Messenger Service provided the music, and Owsley "Bear" Stanley provided massive amounts of his "White Lightning" LSD to the gathered masses.

Soon every gathering was being called an '-In' of some kind. ''Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In'', a television comedy series, began to appear on NBC just a year later, January 22, 1968.

During 1967, more and more young people from around the country began traveling to San Francisco. By the summer there were between 100,000 and 200,000 there taking part in the "Summer of Love".

## Other websites 
* Neville Powis, 'The Human Be-In and the hippy revolution." 
* Capsule description.
* Allen Cohen's website, with history from an insider. 
* Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s 'Rockument' commentary and sound bites.
Chiayi City

**Chiayi City** (; Taiwanese: Ka-gī chhī) is a provincial city of southwestern Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. Formerly called *Kagi* during the Japanese era, its historical name in Chinese (諸羅山) is borrowed from the Taiwanese aboriginal word *Tirosen*.

## Districts
*East District (東區)
*West District (西區)

## Related pages
*List of counties of Republic of China
Example

An **example** (Latin *exemplum*, the shorthand *e.g*. stands for *exempli gratia*, which means *for example*) is a short story, or an anecdote. This story is told to illustrate something else, like an idea or a concept.

In the Middle Ages, preachers and priests used examples in their sermons. They did this to explain things from the bible. They also did this to explain to all those people (that were incapable of reading) how they should lead their lives, as a good person.

Examples help illustrate a point. 

The phrase "make an example" is sometimes used, when a person is harshly punished for others to see. This is done to keep other people (especially the person's peers) from doing the same thing that got that person into trouble.
Hsinchu

**Hsinchu City** (Chinese:新竹; POJ: Sin-tek) is a provincial city of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. Hsinchu is popularly nicknamed "The Windy City" (*Fengcheng* 風城) for its windy climate.

The city is surrounded by Hsinchu County to the north and east, Miaoli County to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the west. 
Hsinchu City is made up of three districts:  North District, East District, and Siangshan District.

## Economy
The city is the base of high tech industry in Taiwan. Built in 1980, Hsinchu Science Park is home of 360 high tech companies including TSMC, Philips and United Microelectronics Corporation. As the result, the city has the highest income level.

## Related pages
*List of counties of Republic of China

## Other websites
Pack rat

The **pack rat**, also known as the **wood rat** or **trade rat**, is a rodent of one of several species in the genus Neotoma. Very often, people mean the **bushy-tailed woodrat** (*Neotoma cinerea*). Packrats are common in the deserts and highlands of the western United States and northern Mexico. They are smaller than a usual (Old World) rat, and usually have long, sometimes bushy tails. They are also not related to the rat, other than also being a rodent.
Mohamed ElBaradei

**Mohamed ElBaradei** (born June 17, 1942) is an Egyptian scientist, administrator, politician, diplomat and 2005 recipient of the Nobel Prize for Peace.

## Early life
ElBaradei was born and raised in Cairo, Egypt. He has a doctorate in International law.

## Career
ElBaradei is best known as the former Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) *(1997-2009)*. The IAEA is an inter-governmental organization related to the United Nations. It is based in Vienna and tries to bring about the peaceful use of nuclear energy. ElBaradei and the IAEA were both awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. They won the prize for their efforts in Iraq, finding that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.

## Related pages 
* List of Nobel Prize winners by country

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
Kangaroo rat

**Kangaroo rats** are small rodents from North and Central America. They got their name because they look like small kangaroos when standing upright. But they are not related to kangaroos, except that they are mammals. The genus of the kangaroo rats is called ***Dipodomys***.

Currently, there are 22 species in that genus. They vary in size from 10cm to 20cm, and they weigh between 35 and 180 grams for adult animals.

Kangaroo rats live in dry climates. They can live in deserts also, like the Thar Desert. This means that they have developed traits from other species that live in such climates, but are not related to them. Some of those species are the jerboas, which can be found in the deserts of Africa and Asia, and the hopping mice of the Australian Outback. 

All of those species have highly developed hind legs. They also live in deep burrows that protect them from the worst heat of the day. Water may be difficult to find in such climates. Therefore, they only rarely need to drink water. Instead, they have a very efficient metabolism. Their kidneys are much more efficient than human kidneys. They can also chemically split off water from the food they eat. 

Kangaroo mice are found in areas of the United States and Mexico, where there is some grass or vegetation left, but which have a rather dry climate.  Scientists call those areas arid and semi-arid. The animals live on seeds, leaves, nuts and other fruit they can find. They also catch insects. They are also known for stockpiling (keeping) some food in their burrows, for bad times. 

Usually, the animals have a color that blends in nicely with the sandy surroundings. Most often they are a tone of dark yellow to deep brown.

They are nocturnal which means that they are active during the night. 

## References 
## Other websites
Bandicoot

A **bandicoot** is a kind of marsupial. There are about 20 species of bandicoots. 

Bandicoots are omnivores. They eat bugs, earthworms, larvae, and spiders. They live in parts of Australia. They are nocturnal. Bandicoots are endangered species. For protection against foxes and wild cats, they retreat to their burrows for safety.

There are different species of bandicoot including:
* Long-nosed bandicoot, *Perameles nasuta*
* Bilby, also known as the rabbit-eared bandicoot
Lesser bandicoot rat

The **lesser bandicoot rat** (*Bandicota bengalensis*) is a rodent. It lives in south Asia. It can grow up to 40cm long. It is a rat, but is not in the genus *Rattus*. They may be a pest to cereal crops, and gardens in India and Sri Lanka. When attacking the rat grunts like a pig. Their fur is dark brown on the back and usually lighter or darker grey on the belly-side (ventrally). The length of their body is about 25cm, and the tail is shorter than the body.

## Location 
Sometimes, the rats live in empty houses in villages. When they feel threatened, they are very aggressive. Many see them as a threat to infants (babies). Packs of lesser bandicoot rats have been known to attack and devour infants left alone. 

## Misunderstandings 
Despite its name, the rat is not related to the bandicoot, which is a marsupial.

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature says there are large numbers of lesser bandicoot rats found over a wide area. They have listed them as being of Least Concern for survival. 

## References
Roquefort cheese

:*For other uses, see* Roquefort (disambiguation)

**Roquefort cheese ** is a kind of blue cheese. It comes from the south of France. It is made from sheep's milk. French laws about AOC say that only cheese from the region of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon (close to Millau) may be called Roquefort cheese. 

## Overview 
The cheese breaks into little pieces easily. It is a little moist. Blue mould is added to Roquefort cheese. This gives it a particular taste. Roquefort is made in big wheels. They weigh around 2.5 kilograms. They are about 10 cm thick. Roquefort needs to ripen for around 5 months. It is best eaten April to October, but of course it is available all year round. 

In the year 2003, there were seven Roquefort producers. The largest by far is Roquefort Société. Roquefort Papillon is also a well-known brand. The five other producers are Carles, Gabriel Coulet, Fromageries occitanes, Vernières and Le Vieux Berger.

## Other websites 
* http://www.roquefort.fr/
Hibernation

) hibernating in Norway]]

**Hibernation** is a time of inactivity. Some endothermic (warm-blooded) animals hibernate, usually during the winter, when food is short. They fall into a sleep-like state. They regulate their metabolism to consume less energy. They lower their body temperature, slow their breathing, and slow other vital functions. During hibernation, the body uses fat for energy, which the animal has gathered in summer and autumn. They hibernate from the end of autumn to the start of winter. Animals try and eat as much as they can to increase the fats in their body.

Mammals like bats, ground squirrels (like marmots), hedgehogs, marsupials and others hibernate.

The phases of sleeping (called torpor) are different for the different animals. Hedgehogs sleep for 1–3 weeks, without waking, The fat dormouse sleeps for 20–33 days, without waking. The winter sleep of bears is not as deep as hibernation.

Only mammals hibernate. However, a few birds including hummingbirds do something similar.

## Related pages 
* Torpor
* Dormancy
* Aestivation
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube

**Cruzeiro Esporte Clube**, usually called **Cruzeiro EC** or  **Cruzeiro**, is a Brazilian football team from the city Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The team was  on January 2, 1921. They are usually called the *raposa*, which means fox in Brazil. They are also called the *celeste* which means celestial because their logo and name refer to a constellation. Currently the team disputes the first division of the Brazilian championship.

## Name
* 1921–1941 **S.E. Palestra Itália**
* 1942–present **Cruzeiro E.C.**

## League title 
* **Copa Libertadores 2**
:(1976, 1997)
*  **Campeonato Brasileiro Série A 4**
:(1966, 2003, 2013, 2014)

## References
## Related pages
* List of Brazilian football teams
Flag of Estonia

Flag ratio: 7:11]]

The **flag of Estonia** has three colours and is made of three equal horizontal bands coloured blue (top), black, and white (bottom). Blue mirrors the sky, black the colour of the soil and national coat, and white the peoples' happiness and light. In Estonian language it is called the "sinimustvalge" (literally "blue-black-white"), after the colours of the bands. The flag was designed in the 1880s and adopted when Estonia became independent in 1918.
Coat of arms of Estonia

The **coat of arms of Estonia** is a golden shield which includes three slim, blue *leopard*s (or lions passant guardant) in the middle, with oak branches along the side of the shield.

The coat of arms of Estonia has existed long before they were official recognized after the War of Independence between 1918 and 1920, when the Republic of Estonia was internationally recognized.

The symbol has been in use since the 13th century, where  the big coat of arms was used for the capital city, Tallinn. The origin of the slim blue lions can be traced back to the King of Denmark at the time, Valdemar the Second. As Denmark was the ruling power of Northern Estonia at the time, it imposed the coat of arms upon the state.
Squirrel

phases. In large parts of the U.S. and Canada, the most common variety seen in town areas is the melanistic form of the Eastern gray squirrel.]]

**Squirrels** are a large family of small to medium rodents. It includes **tree squirrels**, which are described on this page.

The other squirrels are: ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including groundhogs), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. 

Squirrels are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and have been introduced to Australia. The earliest known squirrels date from the Eocene and are most closely related to the mountain beaver and to the dormouse among living rodent families.

Most squirrels are omnivores; they eat anything they find.  Many kinds of squirrels live in trees, so they often find nuts. They eat seeds, berries, and pine cones too. Sometimes they eat bird's eggs and insects. Most tree squirrels store food in the fall, to eat in the winter. Ground squirrels do not store food. They hibernate which means they spend winter in a deep sleep. 

Squirrels have many predators, or enemies. Their predators are foxes, wolves, coyotes, bears, raccoons, lynxes, cougars, weasels, cats, dogs, badgers, snakes, and birds of prey. 

## Tree squirrels 
The most common European squirrels are red or brown in color, while common American squirrels are grey or black. Grey squirrels have been introduced from America into Europe (most notably, Great Britain). 

The greys carry a virus to which they are immune, but which is deadly to red squirrels. They have taken over most of the red squirrels' territory in deciduous forest. This has greatly reduced the red squirrel's population. Red squirrels still enjoy dominance in the pine forests of northern Britain, but they are now rare in southern areas.

The grey squirrel is regarded as vermin. It is illegal to release any into the wild, and any caught have to be humanely killed.

### Life cycle 
Squirrels breed in February and March in winter, and in June and July in summer. Females may become pregnant up to twice a year. Usually four to six young are born, after a gestation period (pregnancy) of around thirty-nine days. Only the mother looks after the young, which are born completely helpless. Young squirrels are deaf and blind during the first few weeks of their life. 

Most squirrels die in the first year of life. Adult squirrels can have a lifespan of five to ten years in the wild. Some can survive 10 to 20 years in captivity.

## As pets 
Squirrels are considered exotic pets and are legal in only some parts of the world. Areas where they can be kept as pets include Canada and parts of Australia (in New South Wales only) and the United States (in 21 states). They are considered wild animals in most European countries and pests or potential pests in many countries, such as New Zealand and most of Australia.

### Summary table 
## Related pages 
* Flying squirrel

## References
Indre, Loire-Atlantique

**Indre** is a city in France at the Atlantic Ocean. It is the south eastern end of the Brittany.

Indre has about 3,643 inhabitants.

## St.Hermeland's Church 

Image:Eglise_saint-hermeland_basse-indre.jpg
Image:Eglise basse-indre porte.JPG
Image:Eglise basse-indre vue rue françois mabit.JPG
Indre

**Indre** can mean different things:
*Indre (department), a department of France
*Indre River, a river in France
* Indre, Loire-Atlantique, a city in France
Apatosaurus

***Apatosaurus*** is a sauropod dinosaur which lived in the Upper Jurassic period. It is in the same family as *Diplodocus*. *Brontosaurus* was once thought a later name for *Apatosaurus*, but is now proved to be a separate genus.

*Apatosaurus* grew as big as 21 meters long, 4.5 meters tall at the hip, and weighed up to 23 metric tons. It ate plants. Its bones have been found in Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Utah.

When it was first found, scientists thought that *Apatosaurus* lived partly under water, as if it could not hold its own weight on dry land. Now they think it lived on dry land, probably in herds.

The cervical vertebrae were less elongated and more solid than those of *Diplodocus*. The bones of the leg were much stockier (despite being longer), implying a more robust animal. The tail was held above the ground during normal locomotion. Like most sauropods, *Apatosaurus* had only a single large claw on each forelimb, with the first three toes on the hind limb possessing claws.

There are at least two species of *Apatosaurus*:
* *A. ajax* was discovered by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1877.
* *A. louisae* was discovered by William Holland in 1915.
* Another dinosaur species discovered in 1994 was at first named *A. yahnahpin*, but in 1998, it was renamed *Eobrontosaurus yahnahpin*.

## Lifestyle 
It was believed throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries that sauropods like *Apatosaurus* were too massive to support their own weight on dry land. It was theorized that they lived partly submerged in water, perhaps in swamps. Recent findings do not support this. Sauropods are now thought to have been fully terrestrial animals. A study of diplodocid snouts showed that the square snout, large proportion of pits, and fine, subparallel scratches of the teeth of *Apatosaurus* suggests it was a ground-height, nonselective browser. It may have eaten ferns, cycads, seed ferns, horsetails, and algae.

Important issues like heat control, metabolic rate and respiration are still unclear. Some scientists state that the heart would have had trouble sustaining sufficient blood pressure to oxygenate the brain.

## References
Hanseatic League

The **Hanseatic League** (German: die Hanse, Dutch: de Hanze, Estonian: hansa, Latvian: Hanza Polish: Hanza, Swedish: Hansan) was an alliance of trading guilds. These guilds established and maintained a trade monopoly over the Baltic Sea and most of Northern Europe. This monopoly lasted for a time in the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, between the 13th and 17th centuries.

Many cities were part of it. 

## Cities that are still called *Hansestadt* 
The following cities were part of the Hanse. They carry the word *Hansestadt* (*Hanseatic City*) as part of their official city name:

*Anklam
*Bremen
*Demmin
*Greifswald
*Hamburg
*Lübeck
*Lüneburg
*Rostock
*Stralsund
*Wismar