open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Triangle

A **triangle** is a shape, or a part of two dimensional space. It has three straight sides and three vertices. The three angles of a triangle always add up to 180° (180 degrees). This can be proved when you put 3 of the same triangle together to make a trapezoid. It is the polygon with the least possible number of sides. A triangle with vertices *A*, *B*, *C* is written as \triangle ABC. The study of geometry related to triangles is called trigonometry. Modern computers usually use triangles to make more complex drawings.

## Types of triangles 
Triangles can be grouped according to how many of their sides are equal:
* if all the three sides of a triangle have the same length, then it is an **equilateral triangle**.
* if a triangle has two sides with the same length, then it is an **isosceles triangle**.
* if all the three sides of a triangle have different lengths, then we have a **scalene triangle**.
Triangles can also be grouped by their angles:

To prove this, each of the 3 quadrilateral pieces can be divided further into triangles.

After this, the 6 triangles can be measured to find that all 3 of the original pieces have the same area.

## Center 
Different people have different ways of finding the center of the triangle. Some people say the center of the biggest circle that fits inside the triangle is the center of the triangle, which is the same point as the intersection of the angle bisectors. This is called the incenter. Some people say that when you draw lines from the corners to the middles of the opposite sides, that's the center. This is called the centroid. Some people say that the center is the intersection of the altitudes of each side that touch the corners. This is called the orthocenter.
## Related pages
* Law of sines
* Pythagorean theorem
* Sierpinski Triangle
* Reuleaux triangle

## References
Dream Theater

**Dream Theater** (often called **DT** for short) is an American progressive metal band formed in the mid-1980s in the United States.

## Band members 
### Current members 
* James LaBrie (vocals)
* John Myung (electric basses)
* John Petrucci (guitar)
* Jordan Rudess (keyboards)
* Mike Portnoy (drums)

### Previous members 
* Chris Collins (vocals)
* Charlie Dominici (vocals)
* Kevin Moore (keyboards)
* Derek Sherinian (keyboards)
* Mike Mangini (drums)

## Biography 
The band was founded by John Myung, John Petrucci and Mike Portnoy, and as of 2024, they are all members of the band. They changed their singer twice in the late 1980s when Chris Collins was replaced by Charlie Dominici in 1987. Dominici left the band only three years later, in 1990, and James LaBrie joined and stayed until today. Dream Theater's keyboardist also changed three times. Kevin Moore played with the band from 1985 until 1995 when he left and Derek Sherinian took his position until 1999. Jordan Rudess is Dream Theater's Keyboardist now. He is known for his excellent technique and compositional skills.  In September 2010, drummer Mike Portnoy left Dream Theater, and was replaced by Mike Mangini. Portnoy rejoined the band in 2023.

## Influences 
The members of Dream Theater are known for having excellent playing technique of their instruments, and for their songwriting. Their music is very complex and the songs are often long, their longest being *Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence* at 42 minutes in length.

Their songs contain a lot of instrumental sections, in which no vocals are heard and only the instruments play (these parts are called "instrumental passages") and also many solos. Another feature of their music is that during each song, the speed often changes, and occasionally style changes too.

They once said that other bands have trouble making long songs. They said they have trouble making "short" songs. Most of Dream Theater's music is very difficult to play because of the high speed it has to be played with and the complex rhythm.

## Discography
### Studio albums
**When Dream and Day Unite* (1989)
**Images and Words* (1992)
**Awake* (1994)
**Falling into Infinity* (1997)
**Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory* (1999)
**Six Degrees Of Inner Turbulence* (2002)
**Train of Thought* (2003)
**Octavarium* (2005)
**Systematic Chaos* (2007)
**Black Clouds & Silver Linings* (2009)
**A Dramatic Turn of Events* (2011)
**Dream Theater* (2013)
**The Astonishing* (2016)
**Distance Over Time* (2019)
**A View from the Top of the World* (2021)
**Parasomnia* (2025)

## References
## Other websites
* Dream Theater's official website
Prefecture

.]]

A **prefecture** is a word used in Greece and Japan (called *νομός*, *nomós* in Greece and called **県** *ken* in Japan) for a 

part of a country with its own government. It is a kind of local government.

It is like an American state or a British county.

In France, it is the head of the department (*see* Prefectures in France *for more detail*).
Eivør Pálsdóttir

**Eivør Pálsdóttir** (born 21 July 1983 in Syðrugøta, Faroe Islands) is a Faroese singer and composer. She sings in Faroese, but also in English, Icelandic, Swedish and Danish. 

Eivør Pálsdóttir is one of the most well-known singers from the Faroe Islands.

"Krakan", her second solo album, won the nomination for an Icelandic Music Award in three categories. Eivor won Best Singer and Best Performer in Iceland in 2003. 

## Discography
* *Eivør Pálsdóttir* (SHD 50, tutl 2000)
* *Clickhaze EP* (HJF 91, tutl 2002)
* *Yggdrasil* (HJF 88, tutl 2002)
* *Krákan* (12T001, 12 tónar 2003)
* *Eivør* (12T010, 12 tónar 2004)
* *Trøllabundin* (together with the Big band of Danmarks Radio 2005)
* *Human Child* (R 60117-2, RecArt Music 2007)
* *Mannabarn* (R 60116-2, RecArt Music 2007, Faroese version of *Human Child*)
* *Eivör Live* (SHD125, tutl 2009)
* *Undo your mind EP* (Copenhagen Records 2010)
* *Larva* (SHD 130 tutl 2010)
* *Room* (2012)
* *Bridges* (2015)
* *Slør* (2015)
* *Segl* (2020)
* *Enn* (2024)

## References
## Other websites
* Eivor.com Official Website
Eris (dwarf planet)

**Eris** (symbol ) is a dwarf planet and a trans-Neptunian object (TNO). It is the second-largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System. Eris is slightly smaller than Pluto, but it has more mass than Pluto, making it the most massive dwarf planet. 

It is a "scattered disc object" in the Kuiper belt, further out than Pluto. It is also called a *plutoid* because the IAU decided to rename all trans-Neptunian dwarf planet as plutoids. Eris orbits the sun once every 557 Earth years. It has an elliptical orbit, inclined at an angle of 44° between the plane of the orbit of the planet and the ecliptic, the plane containing Earth's orbital path.

When it was first discovered, scientists nicknamed Eris by the name “Xena”.  

Eris has one smaller moon, called Dysnomia, that is the second largest moon of a dwarf planet. 

## Discovery
136199 Eris was discovered by Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo and David Rabinowitz on January 5, 2005, when they were having a close look at some images of the outer Solar System taken in 2003.

## Naming
136199 Eris was originally called *Xena*, after the main character of the television series *Xena: Warrior Princess*. Eris is named after the goddess of strife, discord, ⁣

## Moon of 136199 Eris
136199 Eris has one moon called Dysnomia. It was discovered on September 10, 2005. Dysnomia was originally nicknamed *Gabrielle*, after a character from the television series *Xena: Warrior Princess*, like 136199 Eris. However, like 136199 Eris, it was renamed to Dysnomia due to complications. Dysnomia was named after the daughter of 136199 Eris, in Greek mythology. Dysnomia is the goddess (or spirit) of lawlessness

## Classification
Media reports have argued that 136199 Eris is the tenth planet, along with astronomers and NASA scientists.  However, the definition of a planet was changed in August 2006. Under the new specifications, 136199 Eris, along with 134340 Pluto, was lowered in status to a dwarf planet.

## Future
Scientists continue to find out more about Eris and its moon, and look for more moons and possible rings. Because Eris is so far away, it would take 24.5 years to visit Eris with a space probe.

## References and notes
## Related pages
* Dwarf planet
* Pluto

## Other websites 
*
*
*
Mike Tyson

**Michael Gerard Tyson** (born 30 June 1966) is an American boxer. In 1986, he had his 28th professional match (or fight) as a professional boxer; Because he won that fight also, the World Boxing Council (WBC) gave him the title "World Champion". He was the youngest man to win a heavyweight title belt.

On November 15, 2024, Tyson came out of retirement to fight Jake Paul. The event took place at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas on November 15 2024. It was streamed on November 15 2024 on Netflix.

In 1992, he was convicted of the rape of Desiree Washington, and served three years in prison. When he was released he started boxing again and won a few heavyweight titles. His first fight after jail was against Peter McNeeley which he won almost with ease. Evander Holyfield was the first fighter to beat him in his return. In the rematch he infamously bit a part off of Holyfields ear. Tyson also fought Lennox Lewis, who beat him, too. He retired from boxing in 2005.

Mike Tyson refereed one match at WrestleMania 14 and later on wrestled in a tag-team match on WWE Raw where he betrayed his partner, Chris Jericho. For these efforts, he was inducted in the WWE Hall of Fame in 2012. He has his a video game called Mike Tyson's Punch Out! named after him. Inducted to the International boxing hall of fame in 2011.

He converted to Islam.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Boxing Record
Cleveland

.]]

**Cleveland** is a city in northern Eastern Ohio, United States. It is home to over 400,000 people. It was named for General Moses Cleaveland in 1796, but according to legend a mistake in a local newspaper left out the first "a" in its name, which is why it is spelt like it is today. Its metropolitan area makes it the largest urban division in the state. 

During the 19th century, Cleveland's location at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and Great Lakes port helped make it an important industrial center of the central United States. During World War II, the city became a center of manufacturing and industry, but deindustrialization caused a decline after that. Cleveland had a major revival in the 1980s and 1990s: The Playhouse Square theaters were restored, new skyscrapers like the BP Building and the Key Tower were built, new stadiums were built, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was opened on the lakefront. After a smaller decline in the 2000s, Cleveland has begun to make another comeback.  

Cleveland is home to the Great Lakes Brewing Company and Cleveland Orchestra.

Many professional sports teams make their home in or near Cleveland. They include the Cleveland Indians, who play baseball; the Cleveland Browns, who play football; and the Cleveland Cavaliers, who play basketball. Both the Indians and the Cavaliers have their games at the Gateway District in Downtown while the Browns have a stadium on the shores of Lake Erie. The city's sports teams are known for having not won a major championship from the 1964 NFL Championship Game to the 2016 NBA Finals. The city also hosted the Cleveland Grand Prix IndyCar race until 2008.

## Economy 
In the past, Cleveland's economy relied on steel mills and manufacturing. Both are still a major part of the city today, but heavy industry in the area is much smaller than it once was. The city is known today for being a big center for medicine and medical technology, and the Cleveland Clinic is one of the most important hospital systems in the country.

Some major large companies are headquartered in the city, including Sherwin Williams Paint, Cliffs Natural Resources, and Key Bank.

## Culture 
Cleveland is a big center for the performing arts, and is the home of Playhouse Square, the second largest theater district in the United States (the largest is Lincoln Center). The complex was built in the 1920s, and after being closed down were restored and reopened in the 1980s.

The Cleveland Orchestra is considered one of the world's finest, and is one of the "Big Five" in the United States. It plays at Severance Hall, in the University Circle neighborhood. It has a major rock music scene, and is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which is located on the lake in a building designed by IM Pei, a famous architect.

A diverse city, it has vibrant Italian, Irish, African American, Polish, Hungarian, Slovak, Czech, Puerto Rican, Romanian, Jewish, Croatian, and Greek communities, among many others.

## References
## Other websites 
* City Of Cleveland Home Page 
* Greater Cleveland Convention and Visitors Bureau
* Encyclopedia Of Cleveland History 
* Cleveland, Ohio Citizendium
Lexus

is a luxury car line produced by the Toyota company. Its worldwide motto is *"The Pursuit of Perfection ** slogan in the United States is *"The Passionate Pursuit of Perfection"''. 1989

## Current Vehicles 
## References
Against

**Against** can mean:
* in an opposite direction - *walking against the wind*
* in , touching, or   - *The man was standing against the tree.*
* in opposition - *against all odds*
* in competition - *The boy played chess against his father.*
* touching with strong force - *Ocean waves crash against the swimmer.*
* as a protection from - *She used an umbrella against the strong rain.*

## Other meanings
* ***Against*** was the seventh album by Brazilian thrash metal band Sepultura. It came out in 1998 from Roadrunner Records.
Dentition

**Dentition** is the development of teeth and where the teeth are in the mouth. Almost all mammals have up to four different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Animals that have different types of teeth are called **"heterodont"**. If they do not, they are called **"homodont"**.

In mammals, the young have a set of **primary teeth** (milk teeth) that fall out after a few years. When they fall out, adult teeth grow in. Animals that have milk teeth and adult teeth are called **diphyodont**.

## Archaeology 
Dentition is important in archaeology. Dentition is used to study human migration. Tooth enamel contains trace elements which show where they grew.

## Related pages 
*Teeth
*Dental formula

## References 
*Adovasion J. M. and David Pedler. 2005. *The peopling of North America*. North American Archaeology. Blackwell, Oxford. 35-36.

## Other websites 
* Colorado State's dentition page
Danny Barker

**Danny Barker** (January 13, 1909 – March 13, 1994) was a New Orleans jazz singer-songwriter and musician.

## References
Charlie Christian

**Charles Henry "Charlie" Christian** (July 29, 1916 – March 2, 1942) was an American jazz guitarist. Christian is best known as one of the first famous guitarists to play the electric guitar. He is also remembered as one of the first musicians to help create the styles of jazz music known as *"bebop"* and *"cool jazz."* 

## Career 
Christian first gained fame as a member of the Benny Goodman Orchestra. He played with Goodman from August 1939 to June 1941. He was very good at playing many notes up and down on a sinle guitar string. By playing his guitar through an amplifier his guitar solos made the guitar very loud in the band.

## Death 
Christian died in March 1942 when he was only 26 years old. He had been sick with tuberculosis for several years before he died. 

Even though he was jazz guitarist who died before the music style rock and roll was started, he was still a large influence on rock and roll musicians. It was because of this that in 1990 Charlie Christian was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame even though he had never played rock and roll music.

## Legacy 
Charles Henry Christian was raised in Oklahoma City in the American state of Oklahoma. In 2006 Oklahoma City renamed a street to *"Charlie Christian Avenue."* There is also a yearly jazz music festival in Oklahoma City which is named after Charlie Christian.

## References
Al Di Meola

**Al Laurence Di Meola** (born July 22, 1954) is a Jazz fusion guitarist. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey.

## References
Franco Cerri

**Franco Cerri** (January 29, 1926 &ndash; October 18, 2021) was an Italian jazz guitar player.

Cerri was seen as the most authoritative Italian guitarist in the jazz field, and his innate sympathy has meant that many viewers, seeing its shares on TV (especially in the 60s), come close to jazz, and studying guitar.
Much appreciated at the international level, has worked with notable musicians such as Django Reinhardt, Gorni Kramer, Chet Baker, Gerry Mulligan, Billie Holiday, Stéphane Grappelli, Lee Konitz, Dizzy Gillespie, Tullio De Piscopo, Pino Presti, Jean-Luc Ponty.

Cerri died on 18 October 2021 in Milan, Italy, at the age of 95.

## Discography 
### Albums 
* 1952 - *The Franco Cerri Quintet*, with Flavio Ambrosetti
* 1958 - ''Jazzin' with Cerri*
* 1959 - *Franco Cerri and his European Jazz Stars*, with Lars Gullin, Flavio Ambrosetti, George Gruntz,  Karl Theodor Geier, Pierre Favre
* 1960 - *Franco Cerri Quartet*
* 1960 - *Franco Cerri Quartet and Choristers*
* 1961 - *Franco Cerri International Jazz Meeting*
* 1963 - *Bossa nova* (Columbia, QPX 8043)
* 1964 - *Chitarra, QPX 8059)
* 1966 - *12 bacchette per una chitarra*
* 1968 - *La sera a casa con te* (Compagnia Generale del Disco CGD, POP 73)
* 1970 - *Franco Cerri Jazz* (Dire, FO 338)
* 1973 - *Metti una sera Cerri* (Music, LPM 2012; with Nando De Luca, Pino Presti and Tullio De Piscopo)
* 1974 - *From Cathetus to Cicero*, with Stefano Cerri and Gianluigi Trovesi
* 1975 - *A Limen*
* 1975 - *Querce platani e cerri*
* 1976 - *Nuages* (Dischi Ricordi)
* 1976 - *Franco, Tony e Pompeo* (Mallobia, LP 003; with Tony Scott and Bunny Foy)
* 1977 - *Un suo modo di dire* (Dire, FO 347)
* 1978 - *Noi duero*
* 1979 - *Demoiselle*
* 1981 - *Omaggio a Bill Evans* (Dire, FO 361; with Enrico Intra and Lucio Terzano)
* 1982 - *Effetto Alfa*
* 1984 - *Franco Cerri Today!* (Dire, FO 372)
* 1985 - *From Milan to Frankfurt*
* 1990 - *Jazz in Italy* (with Enrico Intra quartet; Ariston Records, ARJ/701)
* 1990 - *Di jazz in jazz* (Dire, FO386)
* 1993 - *Cerri & Cerri*
* 1995 - *A Django, en souvenir de Milan*
* 1997 - *From Milan to Brussels*
* 1998 - *Images*
* 1999 - *Di Jazz in Cerri...di Cerri in Jazz*
* 2000 - *In punta di Cerri*
* 2003 - *From Cathetus to Cicero* (re-edit - CD)
* 2004 - *Ieri & oggi* (re-edit of *Metti Una sera Cerri* + bonus tracks - CD)
* 2006 - *Just Smile* (host)
* 2011 - *Bossa with Strings* (Blue Serge)
* 2012 - *Cerrimedioatutto* (M.A.P. Golden Jazz)

## References
Hurricane Katrina

**Hurricane Katrina** was one of the deadliest hurricanes to ever hit the United States and the second Category 5 hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. 

## Storm history 
The storm formed over the Bahamas on August 23, where it moved west and hit south Florida as a Category 1 hurricane two days later. Katrina then crossed over Florida and strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane moving west in the Gulf of Mexico. 

The storm then turned north, had an eyewall replacement cycle, and hit east Louisiana and Mississippi, flooding coastal areas on the morning of August 29. 

The leftovers of Katrina then died out over the Great Lakes on August 31.

## Impact 
80% of New Orleans was flooded when the levees protecting the city broke. Most of the people killed by Katrina were thought to have died from drowning. Many of the survivors had swum to higher roofs or tree branches.
## Related pages
* 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
* Hurricane Rita
* Meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina
* Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak
* National Weather Service bulletin for New Orleans region
* List of hurricanes in Florida

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Katrina
* National Hurricane Center's archive on Hurricane Katrina
* Hurricane Katrina Rainfall Information from HPC 
* Hydro-meteorological Prediction Center's 
* NASA's Hurricane Katrina Archive 
* Geology and Hurricane-Protection Strategies in the Greater New Orleans Area  Louisiana Geological Survey publication on Hurricane Katrina
Carlos Fuentes

**Carlos Fuentes** (11 November 1928 – 15 May 2012) was a Mexican novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and diplomat. 

Fuentes was born in Panama City, Panama. His father was a Mexican diplomat, and while Fuentes was growing up, the family moved to different countries in South America and then to the United States. 

He got a degree in law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico, but instead of being a lawyer, he chose to be a diplomat and writer. He published his first novel, called *La región más transparente* (*Where the Air Is Clear* in English) in 1958. From 1975 to 1977, Fuentes was Mexico's ambassador to France. He died in Mexico City, Mexico from a haemorrhage.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Swedish

**Swedish** might mean:

*Anything related to the country Sweden
*Swedish language, the language spoken in Sweden.
*Swedish people, who are nationals or citizens of Sweden
*Swedish Empire, which existed from 1611 to 1718
Swedish krona

The **Swedish krona** is the currency of Sweden.  The country of Sweden has used this money since 1873. In the English language, the Swedish krona means the **Swedish Crown**. The Swedish crowns consist of:

*1 öre (coin) *1991
*2 öre (coin) *1991
*5 öre (coins) *1991
*10 öre (coins) *1991
*25 öre (coin) *1991
*50 öre (coin) *2010
*1 crown (coin)
*2 crown (coin) ***
*5 crown (coin)
*10 crown (coin) * (**)
*10 crown (coin)
*20 crown (paper)
*50 crown (paper)
*100 crown (paper)
*200 crown (paper)
*500 crown (paper)
*1000 crown (paper)

This is all the Swedish money there is.

Not in use since:

Been used earlier and later reintroduced

## Current changes 
On December 18 2008, the Swedish Riksbank asked to phase out the 50 öre, the final öre coin, by 2010. Note, however that the öre would remain as a subdivision unit for electronic payments.

## Exchange rates 
Exchange rate of Swedish kronor against the Euro
The krona stand to an average of ten crowns to one euro

## 200-krona and 2-krona 
The Riksbank decided on 17 February 2010, to recommend the parliament to allow it to issue a 2-krona coin and a 200-krona note, the latter a new denomination for the country. However it did not recommend replacing the 20-krona note with a coin. In 2015 the first ever 200-krona note saw its use and in 2016 the 2-krona coin was reintroduced having previously being used between 1876 and 1971.

## References 
*Riksbank
Piedmont

**Piedmont** ( ; , ; Piedmontese, Occitan and , ) is a region in the northern part of Italy. The name means "foot of mountain" (Alps). The capital is Turin.  Piedmont has 8 provinces within it.

In the north of Piedmont there is the country of Switzerland and the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta, in the east there are the regions of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, in the west there is France and in the south Liguria.

Piedmont was part of the Duchy of Savoy until the Italian unification of 1860 when the Duke of Savoy became King of Italy.

## Provinces 
Piedmont is divided into 8 provinces:
# Alessandria 
# Asti 
# Biella
# Cuneo 
# Novara 
# Turin (Torino)
# Verbano-Cusio-Ossola         
# Vercelli

## References
## Other websites 
* Official Site (IT)
Fin

car]]
A **fin** is a surface used to produce lift and thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media. The word was first used for the limbs of fish, but it is now also used to mean other animal limbs and human-made devices.

The fins of fish are called:
***Dorsal fin** on the back. These fins keep the fish from rolling over.
***Caudal** or tail fin. This fin pushes the fish forward in the water.
***Pectoral fins** (paired). These fins help the fish steer.
***Pelvic fins** (paired). These fins help the fish steer.
***Anal fin**: stability
Rick Hansen

**Rick Hansen**, CC, OBC (born August 26, 1957 in Port Alberni, British Columbia) is a Canadian athlete and activist. He was paralyzed in an accident at the age of 15. Inspired by his friend Terry Fox, who tried to run across Canada after losing a leg to cancer, he set out on a trip to travel around the world, in his wheelchair; it was called the *Man in Motion* tour. The money he raised from that tour went to help spinal cord injury research and paraplegic sports. He still works and does charity to raise money & awareness. Hansen was one of the torchbearers during the 2010 Winter Olympics.

## Other websites 
* Official Site
* Radio and TV clips about Rick
* History minute PSA
Giant

.]]
In mythology, a **giant** is a type of very large human-like creature. The mythology and legends of many different cultures have mythological animals or monsters that look like very big, very strong humans. One example of a giant is the *gigantes* of Greek mythology.
Region

**Region** is a geographic term used in many ways in the different types of geography. In general, a region is a medium-scale area of land or water. It is smaller than the whole area of something (which could be, for example, the world, a nation, a mountain range, and so on). A climate zone is one kind of region. 

A region is larger than a specific . It may be seen as a  of smaller things (as in "the New England states") or as one part of a larger whole (as in "the New England region of the United States"). In some countries a region is a unit of local government.
Method

**Method** may mean:
* How to do or make something
* Scientific method, a series of steps taken to get knowledge
* Method (computer science), a piece of code linked with a class or object to perform a task
* Method (music), a kind of textbook to help students learning to play a musical instrument
* Methodology, the collection, the comparative study, and the critique of the individual methods that are used in a given discipline or field of inquiry
* Software development process, a series of steps taken to build software
* Method acting, a style of acting in which the actor attempts to replicate the conditions under which the character operates
* Method (Godhead), the bassist and programmer for the industrial band Godhead
**Discourse on Method*, a philosophical and mathematical treatise by René Descartes
* "The Method of Mechanical Theorems", part of the Archimedes Palimpsest
* Method, a 2004 film directed by Duncan Roy
* method, a San Francisco-based corporation which manufactures household products
*Method ringing, a British style of ringing church bells according to a series of mathematical algorithms
Icing (food)

icing]]
**Icing** is a paste that is usually made from sugar. It is also called "frosting".  It is put on cakes to add flavour. Many kinds of cake have icing, especially cakes made for special occasions like birthday cakes, wedding cakes and Christmas cake.
Toothache

A **toothache** is a pain felt in a person's tooth, normally when the tooth is hurt. A tooth can be hurt by tooth decay caused by plaque or by an injury. A toothache can come and go with pain, certain cold or hot foods can impact the pain a person feels.

## References
Kurdish

**Kurdish** might mean:

*Anything related to Kurdistan, an area in the Middle East
*Kurdish people, an ethnic group
*Kurdish language
1514

## Births 
* March 8 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord

## Deaths 
* January 2 – William Smyth, English bishop and statesman (born 1460)
* January 9 – Anne of Brittany, queen of Charles VIII of France (born 1477)
* February 11 – Henry, Duke of Cornwall, third son of Henry VIII of England
* March 11 – Donato Bramante, Italian architect (born 1444)
* October 25 – William Elphinstone, Scottish statesman (born 1431)
Maltose

for maltose]]

**Maltose** (known as malt sugar) is a disaccharide (sometimes called di-glucose). It is formed from two glucose molecules joined at carbons 1 and 4. It is found in germinating seeds such as barley as they break down their starch stores to use for food.
Romford

**Romford** is a town in Greater London. It is in the London Borough of Havering, England. It was first recorded as a town in 1153 in the *Red Book of the Exchequer*. The name "Romford" means "wide ford". The stream that flows through it was only later called "the Rom River" after the town. 

In medieval times, this town was granted the right to have the only market for 6 2/3 miles around. This rule was used in the 1990s to stop a nearby town, Ilford, from opening a market nearby.. Romford had a brewery which now is an entertainment venue.

## References
Stone

]]

A **stone** is a piece of rock. It is a mass of hard,  mineral. The word is often used to mean a small piece of rock.

The word "stone" also refers to natural rock as a material, especially a building material. Natural stones used as building material include granite, marble and sandstone. Manufactured, artificial products, such as concrete or clay bricks, are not stone.

Stone takes a while to heat up, and stays hot for a while. It does not conduct electricity well.

Stone was one of the first materials used to make tools and buildings. It is a very sturdy material. It is less affected by weather than wood or brick. Depending on the type of rock, stone weathers away much more slowly. A stone in the river is reshaped by the water and sediment flowing around it.

Stones can be used as primitive weapons. A person can throw it at an enemy or animal, or use it to cause more damage in hand-to-hand combat.

A stone is larger than a grain of sand, gravel or pebbles. A boulder is a large rock or stone.

## Related pages
* Precious stone
* Stone Age
Kilobyte

The **kilobyte** (**kB**) is a unit used to measure storage space on computer hard drives or computer memory equal to 1000 bytes. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) currently defines the kilobyte as being 1000 bytes. According to the IEC, the correct name for 1024 bytes is the kibibyte. This naming convention, however, is not commonly used.

One thousand kilobytes make one megabyte.

## References
Screen

A **screen** can be:

* Window screen, a plastic or wire mesh that covers a window opening
*A partition or room divider
*A movie screen where movies are shown.
*Another name for a computer monitor
*Something that stops things passing through like the grid on a roadside drain
*Screen (ice hockey), when a player stops a goaltender from seeing someone shoot in ice hockey
Laura Bush

**Laura Lane Welch Bush** (born November 4, 1946) is an American teacher and author. She was the first lady of the United States from 2001 to 2009 as the wife of the 43rd president of the United States, George W. Bush. Before becoming first lady, she was the first lady of Texas from 1995 to 2000 when her husband was governor.

Bush was born at Midland Memorial Hospital in Midland, Texas. She is the only child of Harold Bruce Welch  and Jenna Louise Hawkins. Laura and George met and married in 1977. She is the mother of Barbara Pierce Bush and Jenna Bush Hager who were born in 1981. Before she became First Lady she worked as a librarian and a school teacher in Dallas and Austin, Texas.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official Site 
*
Subatomic particle

A **subatomic particle** is a particle smaller than an atom. Like atoms and molecules, a subatomic particle is far too small to be seen with the eye. The subatomic particles that make atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons are the most commonly studied ones.  The study of subatomic particles is called particle physics. 

These particles are often held together within an atom by one of the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetic force, strong force, or weak force).  Outside of the atom the particles often move very, very quickly- near the speed of light which is very, very fast (around 300,000 kilometers per second).

Subatomic particles are divided into two groups, Baryons and Leptons.

**Baryons** are made of quarks while Leptons are thought to be among the smallest particles, called elementary particles. Baryons have a given Baryon number. In reactions, the Baryon number must be conserved, meaning that the result must have the same amount of Baryons as the amount put in. Baryonic particles are made up of a combination of 3 of the six quarks, which are among the smallest particles. The six quark types are up, down (making up protons and neutrons, respectively), strange, charm, top, and bottom.

**Leptons** are generally much smaller than Baryons. This category includes electrons, Muons, Taus and neutrinos. Leptons are not made up of quarks and are not divisible. 

For every one of these types, there is also an antiparticle. Antiparticles have the same mass as their normal counterparts, except they have the opposite electric charge. Anti-matter and matter cannot exist near each other. Whenever matter and antimatter collide, they destroy each other with a huge release of energy equivalent to E=mc2, where m is the combined mass of the particles, c is the speed of light, and E is the energy produced. These collisions often take place in large particle accelerators, where the energy can be converted the other way, into matter by the same equation. This can produce many odd, often heavy (large mass) particles that exist only for a short time.

Most of the particles discovered are created by accelerating particles and colliding them against others, creating huge showers of new subatomic particles which decay extremely quickly. However, because the particles are moving close to the speed of light, the laws of special relativity become important and time dilation occurs. This means that time passes slower for the particle, and they can travel (and be measured) over a longer distance than non-relativity science would predict.

## Related pages 
*Elementary particle
Breathing

**Breathing** is moving air in and out of the lungs.  The air going in and out is called *breath*.  If a person cannot breathe, they will die.

 (part of the bloodstream) and an alveolus (an air sac in the lungs).]]
Breathing helps people do two very important things:
# Get oxygen into the body.  Every part of the body needs oxygen to survive.  The only way humans can get oxygen is to breathe it in.
# Get carbon dioxide (CO2) out of the body.  When the body makes energy, carbon dioxide gets left over.  The body needs to get rid of extra carbon dioxide, because too much of it is poisonous.  The only way humans can get rid of carbon dioxide is to breathe it out.

When a person breathes in, they bring air into their lungs.  Air has oxygen in it.  The oxygen goes from the lungs into the person's bloodstream.  When oxygen goes into the bloodstream, extra carbon dioxide comes out and goes into the lungs.  This is called gas exchange: basically, oxygen and carbon dioxide are changing places.  Oxygen is now in the bloodstream, which can carry that oxygen around to every part of the body.  Also, carbon dioxide is now in the lungs, where it can be breathed out.

The brainstem measures how much carbon dioxide is in a person's blood.  If there is too much carbon dioxide, the medulla tells the body to breathe faster.  This helps the person breathe out the extra carbon dioxide.  Once the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood is normal again, the medulla tells the body to breathe slower again.

The body also measures the amount of oxygen in the blood.  If there is not enough oxygen in the blood, the medulla will tell the body to breathe faster, to take in more oxygen.  Once there is enough oxygen in the blood, the medulla will tell the body to breathe slower again.

## Breathing muscles 
For a person to breathe, certain muscles have to contract (get tighter) and relax at the right times.  The special groups of neurons in the medulla tell these breathing muscles when to contract (which makes a person breathe in) and when to relax (which makes a person breathe out).

The diaphragm is controlled by a special set of nerves called the phrenic nerves.  The medulla tells the diaphragm when to contract by sending messages through the phrenic nerves.  Because the diaphragm is so important for breathing, the phrenic nerves are very well protected in the body.  They are at the very top of the spinal cord, near the neck.

## Related pages
* Inhalation (breathing in)
* Gas exchange
* Cellular respiration
* Medulla oblongata
* Respiratory tract

## References
Simon Rodia

**Sabato "Simon" Rodia** (1879–1965)  was an Italian immigrant who lived in the United States in the district of Los Angeles, California, called Watts. Starting in 1921 and until 1954, he built the Watts Towers, from junk and things he found. Many people made fun of him and tried to vandalize (damage) the "towers". He did not like people making fun of him. In 1955 he moved away from Watts and never returned. The "towers" remained, and the site where he built them is now a national landmark.
## Trivia
*Rodia is one of the famous people seen on the cover of The Beatles' ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'' album.
1615

**1615** (MDCXV) was a common year starting on Thursday in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday in the Julian calendar.

## New books 
* *Don Quixote* part 2 by Miguel De Cervantes
Emeril Lagasse

**Emeril Lagasse** (born October 15, 1959) is an American celebrity chef. He is best known for his television program *Emeril Live*, which airs on the Food Network. He hosts a Cooking Channel show named ''Emeril's Florida''.  He also has several restaurants and wrote some cookbooks. He is also famous for his catchphrases "Bam!" and "Kick it up a notch!"
Hurricane Rita

**Hurricane Rita** was a powerful hurricane in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It hit the United States' Gulf Coast. At its peak intensity, it was a strong Category 5 storm with sustained winds of 180 miles per hour. It made landfall as a Category 3 storm, and caused more flooding in New Orleans, which already had weakened levees due to Hurricane Katrina. In addition, it caused large power outages.

## Related pages
* Hurricane Katrina
Boeing 767

The **Boeing 767** is a wide-body aircraft made and built by Boeing. The aircraft was developed on July 14, 1978, as a part of the 7X7 project. The first  flew on September 26, 1981. The aircraft was certified on July 30, 1982.

The aircraft started flying the 767-200 commercially on September 8, 1982 with United Airlines. They did not fly the 767-100 as it had close to the same seats as the Boeing 757. The 767-300, which is a longer version, started flying in 1986.

A cargo version, the 767-300F, started flying in 1995. It was made into the 767-400ER, which is longer.

## Accidents and incidents
*Lauda Air Flight 004 was the first fatal crash of a Boeing 767.
*Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961
*EgyptAir Flight 990
*September 11 attacks
**American Airlines Flight 11
**United Airlines Flight 175
*American Airlines Flight 63
*Air China Flight 129
*LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16
*Ethiopian Airlines Flight 702
*Atlas Air Flight 3591

## References
## Other websites
1557

**1557** (MDLVII) was a common year starting on Friday in the Julian calendar.

## Events 
*Start of the Italian War of 1551–59
*End of the Great Russian War 1553-1557

## Deaths 
* September 1 – Jacques Cartier
Zagreb

**Zagreb** is the capital city and the largest city of the country of Croatia. It has a population of 792.000 people and its metropolitan area (Zagreb County, Krapina-Zagorje County and Sisak-Moslavina County) has a population of 1.2 million (2005).

The first mention of the name Zagreb appeared in 1094.

## Sister cities 
Zagreb is officially twinned with the following towns and cities:
*  Mainz, Germany, since 1967
*  Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 1968)
*  Tromsø, Norway, since 1971
*  Kyoto, Japan, since 1972
*  Kraków, Poland, since 1975
*  Lisbon, Portugal, since 1977
*  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S., since 1980
*  Shanghai, China, since 1980
*  Bologna, Italy, since 1984
*  Budapest, Hungary, since 1994
*  Vienna, Austria, since 1994
*  Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2001
*  Ljubljana, Slovenia, since 2001
*  Podgorica, Montenegro, since 2006

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the City of Zagreb
Baby

A **baby** is a human younger than about 1 or 2 years old.

Other terms can be used to describe the baby's stage of development. These terms do not follow clear rules and are used differently by different people, and in different regions. For example, *infant* may be used until the baby can walk, while some use "infant" until the baby is one year old. From birth until 3 months of age, a baby can be called a *newborn*. Depending on how many weeks gestation at birth, newborns may be called , post-mature, or full term. The word *infant* comes from Latin: *infans* means "unable to speak". 

At birth, many parts of the newborn's skull are not yet converted to bone, leaving "soft spots". Later in the child's life, these bones join together naturally. A protein called noggin is responsible for the delay in an infant's skull fusion. During labour and birth, the infant's skull changes shape as it goes through the birth canal. Sometimes this causes the child to be born with a misshapen or elongated head. It will usually return to normal in a short time. 

Some religions have ceremonies that occur after a new baby is born, such as Baptism, which involves partly or fully covering the baby in water. After learning to walk, babies are often called toddlers, usually between one and three years of age. Sometimes, a woman's baby may die before or during its birth. Babies which have died in this way are called stillborn babies, or miscarried babies.

## References
## Other websites
*Baby Pictures  Newborns, Infants and Toddlers 
* Kids Height/Weight Calculator  by Parenting Nation
* Baby Foods Guide  Benefits of Organic Baby Food
* Baby Stroller  by Stroller List
Stephen King

**Stephen Edwin King** (born September 21, 1947) is an American writer from Maine. He writes scary horror novels. His books and stories have sold more than 300 million copies. He has written more than fifty novels, two hundred short stories, and nine collections of short fiction.

## Works
King's first novel, Carrie, was published in 1974. Many of his stories have been made into movies or television programs. The movies and programs include *The Shining*, *The Shawshank Redemption*, *The Green Mile*, *Misery*, *Pet Sematary*, *It* (the miniseries) and the 2017 movie *It*. 

King has written some of his books under the name "Richard Bachman". He collaborated with Peter Straub on others.

King's highest rated books (as rated by readers) include *Carrie*, *The Shining*, *The Stand*, *Misery*, *It*, *Cujo*,  *The Dark Tower*, *Under the Dome* and *Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption*.

]]
King and his wife Tabitha own three different houses. One house is in Bangor, Maine, one is in Lovell, Maine and one is in Sarasota, Florida. Stephen and Tabitha have three children and three grandchildren.

## Related pages
*List of books by Stephen King

## References 
## Other websites
*StephenKing.com, Stephen King's official website
*Stephen King Quotes  30+ Inspiring Stephen King Quotes | Downloadable
Dessert

:*For the area of dry land, see desert.*

]]

A **dessert** is a type of food that is eaten after lunch or dinner, and sometimes after a light meal or snack. It is usually a sweet food, like ice cream, cookies, and cakes. In some countries, cream cheese and fruit are served as dessert. Some desserts are made from natural resources like fruit juice used in sherbet. Others are simple, like pudding and birthday cake. Many desserts are baked (cooked in an oven). Some desserts are served with whipped cream as a topping.

The term *dessert* can apply to many confections, such as biscuits, cakes, cookies, custards, gelatins, ice creams, pastries, pies, puddings, sweet soups, and tarts. Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness. Some cultures sweeten foods that are more commonly savoury to create desserts.

## Types of desserts
### Baked desserts
Baked desserts are made by putting the ingredients in a hot oven. Baked desserts include cakes and muffins (a mixture of flour, eggs, sugar, oil, baking powder, and flavorings); sweet breads such as banana bread and raisin bread (a mixture of flour, sugar, oil, baking powder, and flavorings); cookies such as chocolate chip cookies (a mixture of flour, eggs, sugar, oil, and flavorings). Puddings and custards (a mixture of milk, eggs, sugar, and flavorings) can be made in the oven.

### Fried desserts
Fried desserts are made using a cooking process called deep frying. To deep-fry food, a large pot filled with oil is heated, and then the food is placed into the pot. Deep-fried desserts include doughnuts.

### Frozen desserts
Frozen desserts are made by blending the ingredients in a freezer. Frozen desserts include ice cream (a mixture of cream, milk, sugar, and flavorings), milk shakes (a mixture of ice cream, milk, and flavorings), and sherbet (also spelled "sorbet") (a mixture of water, sugar, and flavorings).

### Chilled desserts
Some desserts are made without using the oven or the freezer. Trifle is an English dessert made by soaking ladyfinger biscuits in sherry, covering them with whipped cream, and then letting it chill in the refrigerator. Some types of instant pudding and instant mousse desserts can be made without cooking; a person simply mixes the instant pudding powder with milk and chills it in the refrigerator.

## Popular desserts from around the world 
* France: Crème Brûlée
* America: Apple Pie
* United Kingdom: Sticky toffee pudding 
* Middle East: Baklava
* Greece: Galaktoboureko
* Italy: Tiramisu
* Peru: Picarones
* Russia/Australia: Pavlova
* Spain: Tarta de Santiago
* Turkey: Turkish delight/Lokum
* Japan: Mochi
* Belgium: Belgian waffle
* India: Gulab Jamun
* Bangladesh: Kheer

## References
Viacom

**Viacom** (short for **Vi**deo & **A**udio **Com**munications) was an American entertainment company. It started in 1970 as **Viacom International**, the syndication division of CBS TV (which they once owned). In 2005, Viacom split into two companies: the original company was renamed CBS Corporation, and a new company keeping the Viacom name was created. They own Paramount Pictures, MTV, Nickelodeon, Nick Jr., and others. They formerly owned the movie rental giant Blockbuster Entertainment.

In 2019, Viacom and CBS were merged together. This created ViacomCBS, a combination of the two companies. The merger was finished on December 4, 2019. They have also launched a streaming service called CBS All Access, which includes their library of movies and TV shows, along with original content.

## References
Cuckoo clock

]]
A **cuckoo-in-the-clock**, also known as a **cuckoo clock**, is a kind of clock. Cuckoo clocks have a case made of wood that looks like a small house. It gets its name because at the start of every hour, a small door on the clock open up and a little wooden bird comes out. The clock then makes a noise which sounds like a bird call ( "Koo-Koo" or "cuckoo"). 

The clock makes the sound one time for each hour it is, and there may also be a bell that rings when the sound is made. Whether it is morning or night does not change the number of times this happens. 
 
For example:
* 1 o'clock in the afternoon = 1 "cuckoo"
* 8 o'clock in the morning = 8 "cuckoos"
* 8 o'clock at  = 8 "cuckoos"

Like many other clocks, cuckoo clocks can work using weights, springs, or electricity. Every clock is different, both in how it looks, how it works, and what it does. The sound of the "cuckoo" usually comes from bellows in mechanical clocks, or from a speaker in electric clocks. The clock may do more than just make this sound; some clocks also have figures that move around as music is played.

Cuckoo clocks are some of the best-known clocks that are made in the Black Forest, an area of south-western Germany and northern Switzerland.