Harry Potter

***Harry Potter*** is a series of seven fantasy novels and eight movies by British author J. K. Rowling. It is named for its main character and hero, Harry Potter. Seven books in the series have sold over 500 million copies across the world in over 70 languages including Latin, Welsh and Ancient Greek, and is the best-selling book series of all time. They were adapted into movies by Warner Bros. Pictures. The first one was released in 2001. The second, third, fourth, and fifth were released respectively in 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2007. The sixth movie, *Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince*, was released in 2009. The final movie was divided into two parts. The first part, *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1*, was released in 2010. The second part*, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2*, was released in 2011*.* Several spin-off movies have been released in 2016, 2018, and 2022 respectively, some television series and specials in 2022 and in 2024, and a reboot of the franchise for the streaming service HBO Max is officially in development.

## Plot 
Harry Potter was born in England, United Kingdom. His parents, Lily and James Potter, were killed by an evil wizard named Lord Voldemort, while Voldemort was trying to kill Harry. Yet Harry escaped with no harm except a scar in the shape of a lightning bolt, and Voldemort ends up presumably dead. Harry is raised by his non-magical Aunt Petunia, Uncle Vernon, and cousin (Dudley), and is mistreated by them. He believes the false words of the Dursleys that Harry's parents were killed in a car crash. As a child, he did not know that he was a wizard. He eventually discovers that there are many magical people, living secretly and hiding from non-wizards (known as "Muggles"). When Harry turned eleven on July 31, he received a letter inviting him to go to a school called Hogwarts for young witches and wizards. Each book tells the story of one year of his life at the school and tells how he struggles. On Hogwarts Express, the train they use to get to Hogwarts, he meets Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, who become his best friends. Harry also later meets Myrtle Warren, a ghost, who also becomes his friend. Voldemort tries several times to return to life and kill Harry. In the fourth book, Voldemort comes to life with help from his follower, Peter Pettigrew. The series ends with an epic battle between Harry and Lord Voldemort and a final epilogue that shows Harry and his friends safe and happy with their partners and children.

## Books 
* 1997 – ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone* (*Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone *in the United States)
* 1998 – *Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets* 
* 1999 – *Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban*
* 2000 – *Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire* 
* 2003 – *Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix* 
* 2005 – *Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince* 
* 2007 – *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows*

### Secondary books 
* 2001 – *Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them*
* 2001 – *Quidditch Through the Ages*
* 2007 – *The Tales of Beedle the Bard*
* 2016 – *Harry Potter and the Cursed Child*

## Adaptations 
The seven books were all adapted into different forms of media, including toys, movies, spin-off movies, television series, specials, video games, and a stage play as well.

### Movies 
* 2001 – *Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone / Sorcerer's Stone*
* 2002 – *Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets* 
* 2004 – *Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban*
* 2005 – *Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire*
* 2007 – *Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix*
* 2009 – *Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince*
* 2010 – *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1*
* 2011 – *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2*

#### Spin-off movies 
* 2016 – *Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them*
* 2018 – *Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald*
*2022 – *Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore*

#### Television series and specials 
* 2022 – *Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts*
* 2022 – *Harry Potter: Hogwarts Tournament of Houses*
* 2024–present - *Harry Potter: Wizards of Baking*
* 2027 – *Harry Potter*

### Video games 
* 2001 – *Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone / Sorcerer's Stone* (Released for PC, Mac, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance)
* 2002 – *Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets* (Released for PC, Mac, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance)
* 2003 – *Harry Potter: Quidditch World Cup* (Released for Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube)
* 2004 – *Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban* (Released for PC, PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, and Game Boy Advance)
* 2005 – *Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire* (Released for PC, PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, and Game Boy Advance)
* 2007 – *Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix* (Released for PC, Mac, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, and Game Boy Advance)
* 2009 – *Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince* (Released for PC, Mac, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, and Mobile)
* 2010 – *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1* (Released for PC, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Nintendo DS, and Mobile)
* 2011 – *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2* (Released for PC, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, and Nintendo DS)

#### Other games 
* 2001 – *Lego Creator: Harry Potter* (Released for Microsoft Windows)
* 2002 – *Lego Creator: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets* (Released for Microsoft Windows)
* 2004 – *Harry Potter: Find Scabbers* (Released for Mobile)
* 2007 – *Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix: The Mobile Game* (Released for Mobile)
* 2008 – *Harry Potter: Mastering Magic* (Released for Mobile)
* 2009 – *Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince: The Mobile Game* (Released for Mobile)
* 2009 – *Harry Potter: Spells* (Released for iOS)
* 2010 – *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Motorbike Escape* (Free online game)
* 2010 – *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1: The Mobile Game* (Released for Mobile)
* 2010 – *Scene it? Harry Potter HD* (Released for iOS)
* 2010 – *Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4* (Released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Wii, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable, iOS, Android, and Nintendo Switch)
* 2011 – *Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7* (Released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Wii, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable, iOS, Android, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation Vita, and Nintendo Switch)
* 2011 – *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2: The Mobile Game* (Released for Mobile)
* 2011 – *Harry Potter for Kinect* (Released for Xbox 360)
* 2011 – *Harry Potter: The Quest* (Web browser)
* 2011 – *Wizarding World Digital* (Web browser)
* 2012 – *Book of Spells* (Released for PlayStation 3)
* 2013 – *Book of Potions* (Released for PlayStation 3)
* 2016 – *Lego Dimensions: "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Pack" - "Harry Potter Team Pack" - "Tina Fun Pack" - "Hermione Granger Fun Pack"* (Released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox One, and Xbox 360)
* 2016 – *Fantastic Beasts: Cases from the Wizarding World* (Released for iOS, and Android)
* 2018 – *Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them VR Experience* (Released for HTC Vive, Google Daydream, Oculus Rift, and Samsung Gear VR)
* 2018 – *Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery* (Released for iOS, and Android)
* 2019 – *Harry Potter: Wizards Unite* (Released for iOS, and Android)
* 2020 – *Harry Potter: Puzzles & Spells* (Released for iOS, Android, Amazon Kindle, and Facebook)
* 2021 – *Harry Potter: Magic Awakened* (Released for iOS, and Android)
* 2023 – *Hogwarts Legacy* (Released for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, and Microsoft Windows)
* 2024 – *Harry Potter: Quidditch Champions* (Released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S)

### Stage 
*Harry Potter and the Cursed Child'' is a play based on a new story by J.K Rowling, Jack Thorne, and John Tiffany. It is billed as being the "eighth story, nineteen years later." It stars Jamie Parker as Harry, Noma Dumezweni as Hermione, and Paul Thornley as Ron.

:"While Harry grapples with a past that refuses to stay where it belongs, his youngest son Albus must struggle with the weight of a family legacy he never wanted. As past and present fuse ominously, both father and son learn the uncomfortable truth: sometimes, darkness comes from unexpected places."

The play officially opened July 30, 2016 at the Palace Theatre in London.

## Characters and actors 
### Main characters 
* **Harry Potter** (Daniel Radcliffe): The hero of the stories. Harry is a special young wizard. Harry's parents, James and Lily Potter, were killed by Lord Voldemort when he was a baby. He lives with and is raised by his Aunt Petunia, his mother's sister, and Uncle Vernon, along with their son Dudley for the duration of the series. He will be portrayed by Dominic McLaughlin in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.
* **Ron Weasley** (Rupert Grint): Harry's best friend. Ron was born to Arthur and Molly Weasley, a large magical family, with five older brothers and one younger sister. He is the second youngest child in the Weasley family. He often helps Harry out on his many adventures, including the fight to defeat the evil Lord Voldemort. He will be portrayed by Alastair Stout in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.
* **Hermione Granger** (Emma Watson): Harry's other best friend. Hermione's parents are not wizards, but "Muggles" (non-magical people). She is the brightest student in a class. She also faces much prejudice for her muggle family from both students at school and Voldemort's followers, the Death Eaters. She will be portrayed by Arabella Stanton in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.
* **Ginny Weasley** (Bonnie Wright): Ron's younger sister and the last of 7 children. She is seen having a crush on Harry as a little girl in the first book, and would eventually go on to date him and marry him. She will be portrayed by Gracie Cochrane in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.
* **Albus Dumbledore**: Headmaster at Hogwarts. His full name is "Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore". He is a very powerful wizard. Voldemort fears only him. Dumbledore was played by Richard Harris in the first two movies. After Richard Harris's death, Michael Gambon took over the role, and a younger version of the character has been played by actor Jude Law in several spin-off movies. Albus Dumbledore is said to be gay by author J. K. Rowling. He will be portrayed by John Lithgow in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.
* **Rubeus Hagrid** (Robbie Coltrane): Hagrid is originally just the Groundskeeper at Hogwarts, but in the third book gets the position of teacher. He teaches "Care of Magical Creatures" from the third book until the seventh, when he leaves the school to escape the Death Eaters. He is a friend of Harry, Ron, and Hermione, and a "half-giant." He will be portrayed by Nick Frost in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.
* **Lord Voldemort**: The main villain of the series and responsible for the death of Harry's parents. He is feared throughout the wizarding world, and is often referred to as "The Dark Lord", "He Who Must Not Be Named", or as "You-Know-Who", as wizards believe naming him will somehow call him. Prior to his infamy he was known as "Tom Marvolo Riddle". The part has been played in different movies by actors Ralph Fiennes, Ian Hart, Richard Bremmer, Christian Coulson, Hero Fiennes-Tiffin, and Frank Dillane.
* **Sirius Black** (Gary Oldman): Sirius Black was James Potter's best friend in school and before James' death. He was charged for the murder of another of James' friends, Peter Pettigrew. Sirius was innocent, but convicted anyway. In the third novel, *the Prisoner of Azkaban*, Sirius breaks out of prison (the wizarding prison is called Azkaban). He is Harry Potter's godfather. He is a major character in the third, fourth and fifth books, before his death at the end of the fifth book, *the Order of the Phoenix*.
* **Severus Snape** (Alan Rickman): Severus Snape was the Potions master at Hogwarts for the first five books. In the sixth book, he gets the position of Defence Against the Dark Arts professor. After the death of Dumbledore, Snape becomes headmaster. Throughout the books, Snape shows much bias for his own school house, Slytherin. He treats students from the other houses very badly. He will be portrayed by Paapa Essiedu in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max. 
***Draco Malfoy** (Tom Felton): Draco Malfoy is a Slytherin student. In the first five books, he exists primarily as a foil (opposite) to Harry. In the sixth book, the Half-Blood Prince, he is ordered to kill Dumbledore but cannot bring himself to do it. He will be portrayed by Lox Pratt in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.
***Neville Longbottom** (Matthew Lewis): He is a Gryffindor student and he is one of the members of Dumbledore's Army. His parents were tortured into insanity by Bellatrix Lestrange when he was sixteen months old. At the end of the series, during the battle of Hogwarts, he kills Nagini with Godric Gryffindor's sword, making it easy for Harry to defeat Voldemort. He will be portrayed by Rory Wilmot in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.

#### The Weasleys 
#### Teachers at Hogwarts 
#### Other students 
### Other characters 
* **Vernon Dursley** (played by Richard Griffiths) is the uncle of Harry Potter. He usually treats Harry badly. He will be portrayed by Daniel Rigby in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.
* **Petunia Dursley** (played by Fiona Shaw) is Vernon's wife and Harry's aunt. Like Vernon, she usually treats Harry badly. She was jealous that her sister lily was a witch. She will be portrayed by Bel Powley in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.   
* **Dobby** (voiced by Toby Jones) is a house-elf who used to belong to the Malfoy family. Unlike other house-elves, Dobby wishes to be free.
* **Merope** is the descendant of Salazar Slytherin and is also the mother of Lord Voldemort.
* **Michael Corner** (played by Ryan Nelson) is Ginny's boyfriend who makes Harry jealous in the later books.
* **Madame Rosmerta** (played by Julie Christie) is the owner of 'The Three Broomsticks', the pub where butterbeer is often served.
* **Madame Malkins** (played by Paula Arundell) is the owner of the wizard robes shop.
* **Mr. Ollivander** (played by John Hurt) Wandmaker, owner of Ollivanders, was taken away by the Death Eaters, but is broken out of his cell by Dobby and Harry Potter. He will be portrayed by Anton Lesser in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.
* **Rita Skeeter** (played by Miranda Richardson) Reporter for the Daily Prophet, author of The Life and Lies of Albus Dumbledore, Animagus.
* **Stanley Shunpike **(played by Lee Ingleby) is the conductor of the Knight Bus, emergency transport for the stranded witch or wizard.

### Magical creatures
The book has many non-human magical characters. Some of them are from mythology and others Rowling wrote herself. Some of these magical creatures have their own culture and some are like animals. According to the real-world book, *Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them*, the Ministry of Magic makes three groups of creatures: Being, Beast and Spirit. Beings are creatures like humans and house elves, who are smart enough to manage their own business and Beasts are not.

***Centaurs** live in the Forbidden Forest near the school. They are smart and study the stars. They are proud and do not like it when humans bother them. Even though centaurs are smart enough to be called "Being" by the Ministry of Magic, they asked to be called "Beast" instead because that meant more humans would leave them alone. There is a Centaur Liaison Office at the Ministry of Magic, but no one ever uses it.
***Mermaids** live in the lake near the school. They speak a language called Mermish and have scary faces.
***House Elves** work in the school and for wizarding families. They cook and clean. A house elf can only be freed if its owner gives it clothes. Otherwise, they wear pillowcases, tea towels or other cloth that is not clothing. House Elves have their own kind of magic, which is very strong.
***Veela** can look like beautiful women or like winged creatures with scary faces. They can throw fireballs and magically appear attractive to human men.
***Giants** are large and brutal. Human beings hunted them so that now they have to live close together in mountains.  Some giants can have children with humans.
***Werewolves** are humans who have been bitten by another werewolf. Other humans act as if they have a dangerous disease. There are laws saying they can only work in certain places. Wizards and non-wizards can be werewolves.
***Ghosts** are dead people who are gray and transparent. There are ghosts at Hogwarts who talk to the students. The history teacher is a ghost.
***Phoenixes** are fire birds. They catch fire once every five hundred days and come out of the ashes a young baby bird again. Their tears can heal even an almost dead person. In the second book, a phoenix saved harry from the Basilisk, another venomous creature. In the books, Dumbledore has a pet phoenix named Fawkes.
***Vampires** are magical creatures of the night which appear in the series only sporadically. The only known vampire in the Harry Potter series is Sanguini.
***Leprechauns** are magical beings; tiny, bearded men, they are the official mascots of the Irish National Quidditch Team.

## Cultural impact 
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*Harry Potter* has been called as a cultural phenomenon. The word "Muggle" has spread beyond its origins in the books, entering the *Oxford English Dictionary* in 2003. A real-life version of the sport Quidditch was created in 2005 and featured as an exhibition tournament in the 2012 London Olympics. Characters and elements from the series have inspired scientific names of several animals, including the dinosaur *Dracorex hogwartsia*, the spider *Eriovixia gryffindori*, the wasp *Ampulex dementor*, and the crab *Harryplax severus*.

Librarian Nancy Knapp pointed out the books' potential to improve literacy by motivating children to read much more than they otherwise would. The seven-book series has a word count of 1,083,594 (US edition). Agreeing about the motivating effects, Diane Penrod also praised the books' combination of simple entertainment with "the qualities of highbrow literary fiction", but expressed concern about the distracting effect of the large amount of merchandise that accompanies the book launches. 

However, the assumption that Harry Potter books have increased literacy among young people is "largely a folk legend". Research by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) has found no increase in reading among children as a result of the Harry Potter publishing phenomenon, nor has the broader downward trend in reading among Americans reversed during the rise in the popularity of the Harry Potter books. The research also found that children who read Harry Potter books were not more likely to go on to read outside the fantasy and mystery genres.

Many fan fiction and fan art works about *Harry Potter* have been made. In March 2007, "Harry Potter" was the most commonly searched fan fiction subject on the internet. Jennifer Conn used Snape's and Quidditch coach Madam Hooch's teaching methods as examples of what to avoid and what to imitate in clinical teaching, and Joyce Fields wrote that the books illustrate four of the five main topics in a typical first-year sociology class: "sociological concepts including culture, society, and socialisation; stratification and social inequality; social institutions; and social theory".

From the early 2000s on, several news reports appeared in the UK of the Harry Potter book and movie series driving demand for pet owls, and even reports that after the end of the movie series these same pet owls were now being abandoned by their owners. This led J. K. Rowling to issue several statements discouraging Harry Potter fans to buying pet owls. Despite the media coverage, research into the popularity of Harry Potter and sales of owls in the UK failed to find any evidence that the Harry Potter series had influenced the buying of owls in the country or the number of owls reaching animal shelters and sanctuaries.

By 2003, a sign marking Platform 9 3/4 was put up at the London King's Cross railway station, with a trolley fixed to the wall added by the year 2005. The location of the trolley moved after renovations, and a Harry Potter-themed shop opened nearby in 2012. Prince Charles visited the location in 2013.

On 1 September 2017, identified by Rowling as the date the events at Kings Cross in the epilogue of the seventh book and the beginning of the stage play take place, the official Harry Potter website promoted activities using the hashtag #BacktoHogwarts, including a livestream of Kings Cross, where actor Warwick Davis made an in-person appearance with fans. The date had been become popular on social media starting in 2015 with posts by Rowling about Harry's son James starting at Hogwarts. In the following years on the day, Warner Brothers continued to organize in person and virtual events at Kings Cross and around the world with appearances by film series actors such as Tom Felton and Eddie Redmayne and made announcements about products and experiences related to the series. Variety reported in 2023 that "Back to Hogwarts Day has morphed into a global phenomenon, with Warner Bros. Discovery now taking charge of proceedings" and quoted a Warner Brothers representative in noting that Kings Cross Station had to close its doors at 11 a.m. due to the large number of fans. from attending, reportedly due to the crowding issues the year before, and booed when no Hogwarts Express announcement was made at 11 a.m. as in previous years. Since that year organizers have encouraged fans to participate in virtual events, while in-person events are held at other locations like Grand Central Terminal in New York City and Hamburg, Germany, after promoting in-person attendance at Kings Cross in previous years.

British book publisher Bloomsbury announced the launch of "Harry Potter Book Night" and related promotional events in 2014, first held in February 2015. In 2023, the event was rebranded to "Harry Potter Book Day" and moved to October.

## References 
## Other websites 
### Official sites 
* J.K. Rowling's personal website
* All you need to know about Harry Potter 
* Official Harry Potter movies website (Warner Bros.)
* Harry Potter on Bloomsbury.com (International publisher) 
* Harry Potter on Scholastic.com (US publisher)
* Amazon.com Official Harry Potter Store 
* Harry Potter on Raincoast.com (Canadian publisher) 

### Other resources 
* Harry Potter Wikia
* Harry Potter Bibliography
* Hermione Granger's Biography