open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jacques-Louis David

**Jacques-Louis David** (30 August 1748 – 29 December 1825) was a politician and an artist who lived during the French Revolution. As a politician, he is most famous for being one of the handful of leaders that governed France during the most violent part of the French Revolution. David believed that France should not have a monarchy and instead it should be a Republic. He voted to have the King of France Louis XVI killed with the guillotine. When the French Revolution began to fail, David was happy that Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of France.

As a painter, Jacques-Louis David wanted artwork to be political. He often painted heroes from myths or history that he believed represented good ideals such as strength, brotherhood, and virtue. His paintings are very realistic and often portray heroes from Ancient Greece and Rome. This is called the Neoclassical style of painting. One of David's most famous paintings is of his best friend Jean-Paul Marat who was killed during the French Revolution. David's painting helped make Marat into a popular martyred hero.

He was also president of the National Convention from the 5th of January 1794, until the 20th. 

## Gallery of his art

File:Jacques-Louis David, Le Serment des Horaces.jpg|*Oath of the Horatii* [1784]
File:David - The Death of Socrates.jpg|*The Death of Socrates* [1787]
File:David Brutus.jpg|*The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons* [1789]
File:Serment du Jeu de Paume - Jacques-Louis David.jpg|*The Tennis Court Oath* 1790-1794
File:Jacques-Louis David - Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine.jpg|*Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine* [1793]
File:Lepeletier-David 1.JPG|*The Last Moments of Michel Lepeletier, The Death of Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau or Lepeletier on his Deathbed* {1793}
File:Death of Marat by David.jpg|*The Death of Marat* (1793)
File:Bara David.jpg|*The Death of Young Bara*(1794)
File:Lycurgus of Sparta, Jean-Jacques Le Barbier.jpg|Lycurgus of Sparta, [1790's]
File:Sketch of Robespierre.jpg|Sketch of Robespierre on the day of his execution [1794]
File:Jacques Louis David - Bonaparte franchissant le Grand Saint-Bernard, 20 mai 1800 - Google Art Project.jpg|*Napoleon at the Saint-Bernard Pass* (1801)
File:Jacques-Louis David, The Coronation of Napoleon edit.jpg|*The Coronation of Napoleon* [1807]

## Related pages 
* List of French painters
Lee Min-ho

**Lee Min Ho** () is a South Korean global actor, born on June 22nd, 1987 in Heukseok-dong, Seoul.

In a short span of his acting career, he became a most popular actor worldwide.

He made his debut in 2006 through an EBS TV drama *Secret Campus* and became popular across Asia in *Boys over flowers* (2009), then he gained fame in Europe with *City hunter* (2011) and also became popular in African continent with his drama *The King: Eternal Monarch* (2020).

He is the first Korean celebrity to have a wax figure made in his image at Madame Tussauds in 2013 and Grevin Museum Paris in 2018.

## Profile 
## Drama 
* 2022 AppleTV "PACHINKO" as Koh Hansu
* 2020 Netflix "The King: Eternal Monarch as "The King: Lee Gon"
* 2016 SBS " Legend of the Blue Sea" as "Jeo Joon Jae"
* 2013 SBS *The Heirs* (상속자들) as Kim Tan ( 김탄)
* 2012 SBS *Faith*
* 2011 SBS *City Hunter* (시티헌터) as Lee Yoon-seong (이윤성)
* 2010 MBC *Personal Taste* (개인의 취향) as Jeon Jin Ho
* 2009 KBS2 *Boys Over Flowers* (꽃보다 남자) as Gu Jun Pyo (구준표)
* 2008 MBC ''I Don't Know Well Either* (나도 잘 모르지만) as Min Wook Gi (민욱기)
* 2007 SBS *I Am Sam* (아이엠샘) as Mo Se Hur (허모세)
* 2007 SBS *Run Mackerel* (달려라 고등어) as Gong Chan Cha(차공찬)
* 2006 EBS *Secret Campus* (비밀의 교정) as Doo Hyun Park (박두현)

## Movies 
* 2008 *Our School's E.T.* (울학교 이티) as Sang Hoon Oh(오상훈)
* 2008 *Public Enemy Returns'' (강철중 공공의 적) as Jung Ha Yeon (정하연)

## CF 
* Pepsi NEX
* CASS 2X
* ETUDE HOUSE
* Dunkin' Donuts
* Levi Strauss Signature
* Market O
* LG Telecom Teenring
* Trugen
* Toyota Camry
* 12 Plus Shower Cream
* Bang Bang
* Bench
* Binggrae Banana Milk
* Cadillac CTS
* Cartier Love Summer Exhibition
* Cantata Coffee
* Eider
* Hyundai Veloster
* Innisfree
* Jangin Furniture
* KTF
* LG Optimus One
* Lotte 7% Glucose Drink
* Lotte Pie
* Lotte When lacking 2% Drink
* Lotte World
* NHN Me2day
* Pizza Hut
* Samsung Anycall Haptic Mission
* Samsung Anycall Magic Hole
* Semir

## Album 
* 2009 *Extreme* (Single)
* 2009 *My Everything* (Single)

## Awards 
* The 45th BaekSang Arts Awards: Best New Actor for *Boys Over Flowers*
* MTN Broadcast Advertisement Festival: Most Popular Advertisement Model for *Trugen Commercial*
* Best Commercial Star Award
* KBS Drama Awards: Male Rookie Award for *Boys Over Flowers*
* KBS Drama Awards: Best Couple Award with Ku Hye Sun for *Boys Over Flowers*
* Mnet 20's Choice Awards: Hot Actor
* MBC Drama Awards: Excellence Award for *Personal Taste*
* Korea Drama Festival Awards: Best Actor Award for *City Hunter*
* Korea Drama Festival Awards: Hallyu Star Award for *City Hunter*
* SBS Drama Awards: Top Ten Stars Award for *City Hunter*
* SBS Drama Awards: Netizen Popularity Award for *City Hunter*
* SBS Drama Awards: Top Excellence Award, Drama Special, Actor for *City Hunter*

## References 
* MINOZ
* http://www.starhaus.co.kr 

## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Starhaus Entertainment website 
* Cyworld homepage 
* *Boys Over Flowers* official website 
* Official Japanese website
Hearts of Iron

***Hearts of Iron*** (HOI) is a grand strategy real-time simulation game developed by Paradox Interactive in Sweden. 

## Series
Four series have been published:

* *Hearts of Iron*
* *Hearts of Iron 2*
* *Hearts of Iron 2 Doomsday*
* *Hearts of Iron 2 Doomsday Armageddon*
* *Hearts of Iron 3*
* *Hearts of Iron 4*

In this game, the player has all military authority over their selected nation. World War II is the background of this game. So the player can select all nations that existed when WW2 occurred. The player’s goal is surviving in the historical flood of WW2 and conquering the world. In order to survive in the game, the player has to develop his/her nation’s technology level and organize the nation’s economy for war. And, because each political regime has different characteristics in the process of war, a political statement can be important too. However, because this game is a war game, the most important thing is making the army, navy, and air force, and controlling them to make your nation larger.
Popsicle

**Popsicle** is a popular brand of ice pop in the United States and Canada. It is made of colored, flavored ice on a wooden stick. The brand name includes more than 30 different versions of the snack.

## History 
The Popsicle was accidentally invented in 1905 by 11-year-old Frank Epperson. Epperson left a mixture of soda and a straw in a cup on his porch. That night San Francisco went through unusually low temperatures, and Epperson awoke the next morning to find a frozen pop that would eventually become a favorite American snack.

At first, Epperson named his frozen snack the "Epsicle", and it became popular with his school friends. In 1923, while running a lemonade stand at an amusement park in Oakland, California, Epperson realized that he could earn money from his invention. Epperson changed the name of his treat to "Popsicle", after his children always asked for "Pop’s ’sicle", and signed up for a patent. The patent for frozen ice on a stick was issued August 19, 1924.

Around 1925, Epperson sold the popsicle rights to the brand name Popsicle to the Joe Lowe Company in New York. By 1928, Epperson had earned royalties on more than 60 million Popsicle ice pops.

## References 
## Other websites
*Popsicle History
Hendrick Motorsports

**Hendrick Motorsports** is a race team in NASCAR owned by Rick Hendrick. Chase Elliott, William Byron, Kyle Larson, and Alex Bowman all drive for this team. Hendrick Motorsports has won 10 Monster Energy MASCAR Cup Series championships.

## References
Jack Roush

**Jack Roush** (born April 19, 1942) is the co-owner of Roush Fenway Racing with his partner John W. Henry. Roush's race team has won two NASCAR Sprint Cup Championships with Kurt Busch and Matt Kenseth. During his whole career in NASCAR Jack's race team has 260 NASCAR wins, 168 poles, 1,104 top-five and 1,838 top-10 finishes

## References
Mark Martin

]]
**Mark Anthony  Martin** (born January 9, 1959) is a retired NASCAR driver.  Martin is often called the best driver to never have won a Sprint cup championship. Martin won five International Race of Champions (IROC) series championships. Mark Martin has driven for Roush Fenway Racing, Earnhardt Ganassi Racing, Hendrick Motorsports and Michael Waltrip Racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series.

## References
Silvio Barbato

**Silvio Sergio Bonaccorsi Barbato** (born Candeias (Minas Gerais) (Brazil), 11 May 1959; died either in or over the mid-Atlantic Ocean, on the Air France Flight 447, 1 June 2009) was an Italian-Brazilian opera conductor and composer.

## Life 
He studied conducting at the University of Brasília and composition in Milan. He started his conducting career when he was 25 with a performance of Puccini's opera *Tosca*. He also helped to bring other operas to places in the middle of the Brazilian rainforest. He directed the music in a film about the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos called *Uma Vida di Paixao* (*A Life of Passion*). In Rio de Janeiro he conducted operas which included world-famous singers such as Montserrat Caballé, Robert Alagna and Angela Gheorghiu. He also conducted choral works such as Berlioz's ''L'enfant du Christ''.

Barbato was travelling to Kiev where he was due to conduct and teach. He was on board an Air France aeroplane flying from Rio de Janeiro to Paris early on 1 June 2009 when it mysteriously crashed over the Atlantic Ocean.

## References 
* Obituary "The Daily Telegraph" 6 June, 2009 p.33
WGAL

**WGAL** NBC television channel in the Lancaster/Harrisburg/York (Susquehanna Valley) area. It can be viewed on channel 8. Its studios are located in Lancaster, PA.

## History
WGAL-TV first appeared on television on March 18, 1949 on channel 4 as the fourth television station in Pennsylvania. It was owned by the Steinman family, owners of WGAL radio (1490 AM) and Lancaster's two major newspapers. At the time, Lancaster was the smallest city in the country with its own television station. On 31 December 1952 WGAL moved to its current location on channel 8. On January 1, 1954 WGAL showed its first color television program, the Tournament of Roses Parade. WGAL has always been an NBC television station, but also carried some programs from CBS, DuMont, and ABC until 1963. The Steinmans sold WGAL-TV to Pulitzer in late 1978. Pulitzer sold WGAL-TV to Hearst-Argyle Television in 1999. The change took place on March 18, the station's 50th anniversary.

## References
## Other websites
*WGAL Homepage
*WGAL's 60th Anniversary
John W. Henry

**John William Henry II** (born September 13, 1949) is an American businessman. He is the owner of the Boston Red Sox and Roush Fenway Racing. He is also the owner of the association football team Liverpool F.C. of the Premier League. He is one of the 50 richest people in Boston.

## References
Oscar Peterson

**Oscar Emmanuel Peterson** (August 15, 1925 – December 23, 2007) was a Canadian jazz pianist. Peterson won eight Grammy Awards and was put into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1978. His career lasted for more than 65 years.

He was born in Montreal, where his father taught him to play the piano. While at high school he had lessons with a Hungarian classical pianist, Paul de Marky. 

## References
## Other websites 
*Oscar Peterson and Andre Previn - A mix of stories and music on BBC Channel 4
*An album "We Get Requests" (1964) by the Oscar Peterson Trio at YouTube
All About Lily Chou-Chou

***All About Lily Chou-Chou*** is a Japanese movie made in 2001. The theme of this movie is Ijime(bullying). With this material, Shunji Iwai, the director, tried to describe teenagers’ sensibility and anguishes. In the movie, there is violence, bullying, rapes, suicide, murder, sympathy, confusion, and music. The entire mood is dark. Although Iwai chose this movie as his best for now and his style is well reflected, it can be hard for audiences to truly sympathize with the movie because it is lacking consideration of general audiences.

## The plot
In the movie, a boy named Yuichi Hasumi loves Lily Chou-Chou’s songs. Lily Chou-Chou is an imaginary singer who plays an odd music in this movie, and her fans communicate with each other through internet site named ‘Lily-holic.’ Another fan of Lily Chou-Chou, Shusuke Hoshino, once a friend of Yuichi, was a quiet and sincere student. However, during a trip to Okiwana, he experienced some traumatic accidents related to death and his characteristics completely changes. He starts to torment other students including Yuichi. Yuichi wants to stop him but he doesn’t know how to do so and he cannot help assisting Hoshino’s misdeeds. The only solace Yuichi can find is Lily Chou-Chou’s songs.
Sexual fetishism

**Sexual fetishism** or **erotic fetishism** is a fixation on an object that is not sexual by its nature. The object is usually not seen as sexual. The object of interest is called the **fetish**, the person is called a **fetishist**. If the fetish causes psychological problems, it may be seen as a mental disorder.The term was made in the late 1800s by Alfred Binet.

Examples of common or well-known fetishes include feet and footwear (shoes, socks), rubber, bondage, furry or cross-dressing.

Doctors only use the word to objects or body parts. In common speech, people also use the word *fetish* for a sexual interest in specific activities, peoples, types of people, substances, or situations.

According to the World Health Organization, fetishistic fantasies are common and should only be treated when they kee people from functioning normally or cause distress.

## Treatment 
Fetishes are common, and only need to be treated in severe cases. Goals of treatment can include elimination of criminal activity, making people rely less on the fetish for sexual satisfaction, improving relationship skills, reducing or removing arousal to the fetish altogether, or increasing arousal towards more acceptable stimuli. The evidence for treatment efficacy is limited and largely based on case studies, and no research on treatment for female fetishists exists.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is one popular approach. Cognitive behavioral therapists teach clients to identify and avoid antecedents to fetishistic behavior, and substitute non-fetishistic fantasies for ones involving the fetish. Aversion therapy and covert conditioning can reduce fetishistic arousal in the short term, but requires repetition to sustain the effect. Multiple case studies have also reported treating fetishistic behavior with psychodynamic approaches. People have artificially made rats become sexually aroused. Both male and female rats will develop a sexual preference for other rats that have no special smell, or that smell bad if those scents are paired with their early sexual experiences.

## References
Photo booth

A **photo booth** is a vending machine that takes instant photos. After you pay, usually in coins, a computer-based screen and often a recorded voice will tell you when the picture will be taken, how many shots will be taken and when the photo is developed.

Anatol Josepho invented the first self-automated photo booth in 1925. Photo booths began as black and white, film-based machines to fully coloured, digitalised machines.

There are many types of photo booths today that offer different sizes and kinds of photos such as passport photos and photos for identification. Also, some photo booths give you a number of tools you can use to create different features for your photos. Sticker photos are a good example. Sticker photos are instant photos printed on sticker-based material. After you take your picture, you can change backgrounds the tone or the color of the photo and insert letters and symbols. Invented in Japan, photo sticker booths are especially popular in Asian countries among teens and grown-ups alike.

Nowadays, the term *photo booth* also refers to Apple's photography program that features editing tool such as black-and-white, pencil and comic book.

*
Incheon International Airport

**Incheon International Airport** is the largest international airport in South Korea where all international flights leave and arrive every day. Gimpo Airport located near city Seoul used to be the international airport for Korea. However as the population grew and needs for places to stay increased in the area, Gimpo Airport no longer could expand its capacity to meet the growing demands for international flights. To solve the problem, a construction plan for a new  24 hour airport was started in 1992. Incheon International Airport is in Incheon City Jung-gu Unseo-dong (37°27′5″N, 126°26′4″E). Incheon International Airport Railroad (A'REX) and Incheon International Airport Highway were built to join the airport to Seoul. The airport is operated by Incheon International Airport Corporation (IIAC) and it is owned by the government of South Korea.

## History
Incheon International Airport opened on March 29th, 2019. It was built on reclaimed land between Yongjongdo and Youngyudo. First stage of building started in 1992 and it took eight years and four months to finish. It cost 7.8 trillion Won. This allowed Incheon International Airport to have up to 170,000 flights, 27,000,000 passengers and 1,700,000 tons of cargo per year. Stage Two began in 2002 and was completed on June 20th 2008. The airport now has the capacity of holding 410,000 flights, 44,000,000 passengers, and 4,500,000 tons of cargo per year. When the airport is finished in 2020, it will have two passenger terminals, four satellite concourses, 128 gates, and four parallel runways. It will be able to have up to 100 million passengers, and 7 million tons of cargo per year.

## Facilities 
Incheon International Airport has passenger facilities (main passenger terminal, passenger concourse A), cargo terminal complex (A, B, C terminal), and operation facilities (control tower, runways, and meteorological facilities). 

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger

### Cargo
## References
John Galliano

**John Galliano**, also known as **Juan Carlos Antonio Galliano-Guillén** (born on November 28, 1960 in Gibraltar) is a world-renowned British fashion designer. After studying design at St. Martin's School of Art in London, he sold his French Revolution-inspired graduation collection to a London retailer shop. He launched his own line in 1984. From 1995 to 1996 he designed haute couture and ready-to-wear at the House of Givenchy. In 1996, he was appointed creative director of Christian Dior. Being in charge of Dior and his own label, he designs for six collections a year plus a mid-season line under his label "G Galliano". In 2001 Galliano was made a Commander of the British Empire. In March 2011 he was sacked from Dior because anti-semitic remarks which he made appeared on the internet, and were being investigated by the police in Paris.

Galliano's historically influenced designs are an adaptation of traditional styles into highly contemporary pieces. His shows are theatrical and his runway tableau are often likened to performance art. Thirties-influenced chiffon cut on the bias is among Galliano's signatures, as are imaginative hats. He is known for his end-of-show looks, where he stuns his audience with eccentric, avant-garde appearances in continuance with the show's inspiration.

Galliano also owns other product lines like eyewear, fragrances, jeans, lingerie and shoes. Since 2004, Galliano has collaborated with Diptyque, creating scented candles.

Galliano is openly gay.

## References 
## Other websites 
* John Galliano Official website 
* John Galliano - Biography
Wonder Girls

The **Wonder Girls** was a South Korean girl group. The Wonder Girls debuted on February 10th, 2007 on Show! Music Core, singing "Irony", the single from their debut mini-album, *The Wonder Begins*. The mini-album went on to become a minor hit, selling 11,454 copies in 2007. The main producer was Jin-young Park, the leader of JYP Entertainment.  Each of the five original members were selected through auditions.
The members are Yubin, Yeeun, Sunye, Hyerim and Sohee. Former member Kim Hyuna left in June 2007 due to health problems, and Sun Mi left in January 2010 to pursue her education. Now Sun Ye has left and Sun Mi Has rejoined.

Sohee has become a successful actress after leaving Wonder Girls.

In 2017, Yeeun and Sunmi left JYP Entertainment, resulting in the group's disbandment.

## Former members 
## Timeline
## References
## Other websites
* Wonder Girls Official Korean Site 
* Wonder Girls Official English Site 
* Official Wonder Girls MySpace
Byzantium (color)

**Byzantium** is a color that is a dark shade of purple.

The first recorded use of *Byzantium* as a color name in English was in 1926. 

## Meaning of Byzantium
* The tones of Byzantium are used to represent the Byzantine Empire.

## Tones of Byzantium color comparison chart
## Related pages
* List of colors

## References
Travelcard Zone 1

**Travelcard Zone 1** is the central zone of Transport for London's zonal system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal Travelcard fares within London. London is split into six (approximately concentric) zones for the purpose of determining the cost of London transport fares on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway, but not journeys undertaken entirely by bus or tram, for which a city-wide flat fare applies.

## Related pages
* Transport for London
* Finsbury Park station
Sasuke Uchiha

**Sasuke Uchiha** is a fictional character from the manga series Naruto, which depicts a world of ninjas. He is an important character in the manga due to the fact that the story basically revolves around Naruto, the main character, and Sasuke, Naruto's rival. Sasuke is a very popular character, there have been many polls that prove this. Merchandise based on Sasuke has also been released, ranging widely from action figures to plush dolls and even to his ninja equipment. Sasuke has also appeared in Naruto related video games and OVAs.

## Background 
Sasuke is a member of the Uchiha Clan, one of the strongest clans of the village of Konoha (Also known as the hidden leaf village). When Sasuke was a little boy, he saw his older brother kill their parents. Itachi Uchiha, Sasuke’s older brother, told Sasuke that he also killed all of the other clan members to see if he was a strong ninja but that he will save Sasuke’s life because it was not even worth killing. From then on, Sasuke lived a lonely life full of hatred and destined to walk a path of an “Avatar of Revenge” and kill his brother. However, these feelings seemed to be alleviated when he befriended Naruto Uzumaki after graduating Ninja Academy. As they were working together in a team as “Genin" (which means rookie ninja), Naruto showed him what friendship and companionship were.

This ended with Sasuke's encounter with his brother. After battling Itachi, Sasuke realized that he lacked both the strength and intelligence to kill him. Later Sasuke leaves Naruto and Konoha to go to Orochimaru, one of the main antagonists of the series, to learn advanced ninja techniques and to be trained as a stronger ninja. Through mastering “Level Two of the Cursed Seal,” a restricted ninja technique, Sasuke obtains extraordinary power, thanks to is former master. Eventually, Sasuke defeats and kills his older brother only to find out that the order to massacre the Uchiha Clan was made by the elders of Konoha because the clan was destroying the peace of the entire village. However, Itachi could not kill his little brother because he loved Sasuke too much. In order for Sasuke to become able to protect himself, Itachi told Sasuke to live a life of anger and revenge which would stimulate Sasuke’s progress and allow him to become a strong ninja. After hearing about his brother, Sasuke turns his anger toward Konoha and decides to destroy the village.

naruto has ended it ended in 23 March 2017. The adventures of Sasuke continue. The story also focuses on the reunion of the two rivals, Naruto and Sasuke. The two friends' goals conflict in that Naruto wants to protect Konoha, whereas, Sasuke plans to destroy it.

## References 
## Further reading
*Kishimoto, Masashi (2000). "Chapter 4". Naruto, Volume 1. 
*Kishimoto, Masashi (2003). "Chapter 145". Naruto, Volume 17. 
*Kishimoto, Masashi (2003). "Chapter 146". Naruto, Volume 17.
*Kishimoto, Masashi (2004). "Chapter 179". Naruto, Volume 20.
Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation

**Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation** (**MBC**) is a national television network in South Korea.  *Munhwa* is the Korean word for "culture."
Amar Shonar Bangla

"**Amar Shonar Bangla**" (, , meaning "My Golden Bengal") is the national anthem of Bangladesh. It became of the country's national anthem in 1972, after gaining independence. the words of the song were written by Rabindranath Tagore in 1909, and the music was composed by Gagan Harkara in 1889. 

## History
It was originally an ode to Bangamata (meaning "Mother Bengal"). The music is based on the melody of the folk song "Āmi Kōthāy Pabo Tarē". The modern instrumental rendition was arranged by Samar Das.

## Lyrics
Only the first two stanzas are officially part of the anthem.

## Other websites
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxhE2nQ3Mqw
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-S2TbQLGRU

## References
Travelcard Zone 2

**Travelcard Zone 2** is the second most central zone of Transport for London's six (approximately concentric) zones system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal fares, and fares for London Underground and Docklands Light Railway single journeys.  A flat fare applies for journeys entirely by bus or tram. 

]]
Alperton tube station

**Alperton** is a London Underground station on the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly Line.  The station is between Sudbury Town and Park Royal. It is on Ealing Road (A4089 road) a short distance from the junction with Bridgewater Road (A4005) and is close to Alperton Bus Garage and the Paddington branch of the Grand Union Canal. The station is in Travelcard Zone 4.

## Services
The typical off-peak service is a train in each direction every ten minutes. Half of northbound trains terminate at Rayners Lane and the other half continue to the terminus of the line at Uxbridge.

## References
* 
* 

## Other websites
*London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
**
**
**
** Showing structure of reinforced concrete roof
**
** With appearance marred by rooftop safety barriers
Exclusive economic zone

**Exclusive Economic Zone** (**EEZ**) is an area in the ocean where only one country gets the right to do economic activities, such as mining underwater resources and fishing. In the case of islands far from the mainland, EEZ starts at the coasts of the islands. Normally, EEZ goes out to 200 nautical miles (370 km), unless EEZs of two or more countries overlap. Many EEZs actually overlap; countries argue over where their outermost boundaries of EEZ should be. EEZ is prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

It is different from territorial waters in that ships and submarines from other countries can freely travel without any permission. However, this is under the condition that they are just passing by and not taking any resources. These zones were invented in the middle 20th century.

## Related pages
*Cod wars

## References
Angel tube station

**Angel tube station** is a London Underground station in The Angel, Islington. It is on the Bank branch of the Northern line, between Old Street and King's Cross St. Pancras stations. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.

It is proposed that Crossrail 2 will call at Angel.

## Gallery

Image:Angel station southbound look north.jpg|The extra-wide southbound platform was formerly an island platform, View looking north
Image:Gb-lu-Angel-southbound.jpg|Southbound platform looking south
Image:Angel station northbound look south.JPG|Northbound platform looking south, built when the original island platform was reconstructed
Image:Angel station roundel.JPG|Platform roundel
Image:Escalator at Angel Underground Station.jpg|Escalator

## References
## Oher websites
*London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
**
**
**
**
Teddy boy

A **Teddy boy** was a young man who dressed in a style popular in 1950s Britain. The word 'Teddy' comes from the clothes, which were a version of clothes from the Edwardian period, about 1910. That period is named after Edward VII (19011910).

Teddy boys relate to early rock and roll music. People often thought of them as rebels. The teddy boy also meant the first British culture of young people. For the first time, teenagers who were in a working class could buy clothes, a bicycle or motorcycle and entertainment. Teddyboys wore clothes that might shock older people. 

## Style 
The style featured a long and jacket with one row of buttons and narrow pants, "brothel creeper" shoes with thick crepe soles and pencil-thin ties. Duck-tail hairstyles were the norm. The movement was working class, and rather dandyfied. It was quite short-lived, and gave way to the mods and rockers of the early 1960s.

## References
Aldgate East tube station

**Aldgate East** is a London Underground station. It is between the districts of Aldgate and Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The station is in Travelcard Zone 1. It is on the Hammersmith & City Line between Liverpool Street and Whitechapel, and the District Line between Tower Hill and Whitechapel.

The west station now adjoins to Liverpool Street tube station and Tower Hill tube station and now passes through Aldgate tube station.

## Image gallery 

Image:Aldgate_east_station_c1895.jpg|Aldgate East tube station as it was around 1895

## Related pages
*List of London Underground stations

## References
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* London's Abandoned Tube Stations - Aldgate East
Aldgate tube station

**Aldgate tube station** is a London Underground station at Aldgate in the City of London.

The station is on the Circle Line between Tower Hill and Liverpool Street. It is also the eastern terminus of the Metropolitan line from Amersham, Uxbridge or Chesham. It is in Travelcard Zone 1, and its ticket office is part-time only.

## Layout 
Platforms 1 and 4 at Aldgate are two of the only three platforms on the network to be served exclusively by the Circle Line (the other being Platform 2 at Gloucester Road). All other Circle Line platforms are shared by the District, Metropolitan and/or Hammersmith & City Lines.

## In literature
Aldgate tube station is important in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story *The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans*.
In the story, Cadogan West is found dead on the tracks near the station. We later know that the body was placed on top of the train before its arrival at the station.

## Gallery

Image:Aldgate station trains.jpg|Trains at Aldgate tube station

## Related pages
*List of London Underground stations

* 

* 

## References
Acton Town tube station

**Acton Town** is a London Underground station in Acton, west London, on the Piccadilly and District lines. The station is at the Acton’s junction of Gunnersbury Lane (A4000) and Bollo Lane and is in Travelcard Zone 3.

## Gallery

Image:ActonTown2.jpg|Acton Town station platforms, westbound Piccadilly line train arrives *(September 2006)*
Image:Acton Town stn roundel.JPG|Roundel on eastbound platforms

## Related pages
*List of London Underground stations

## References 
*  
*  

## Other websites
* London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
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All Saints DLR station

**All Saints DLR station** is a station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in East London. It is named after the neaby All Saints, Poplar, a church dating from 1821-3. The station entrance is on the East India Dock Road, opposite Chrisp Street Market.

## References 
* Listed as All Saints LRT station
* 

## Other websites 
* Docklands Light Railway website - All Saints station page
* Map of Poplar, 1885.
* Photograph of the platform at All Saints
Amersham station

**Amersham station** is a railway station serving Amersham in Buckinghamshire, in north-west London. It is in Travelcard Zone 9 (previously zone D). 

Amerhsam Station is a terminus of the Metropolitan Line branch of the London Underground. It is situated 23.7 miles (38.1 km) north west of Charing Cross and is the second most westerly station on the whole London Underground system, after Chesham

Amersham Station is also served by Chiltern Railways, which runs trains between London Marylebone and Aylesbury. From Aylesbury a shuttle service to Princes Risborough provides access to mainline services between Marylebone and Birmingham Snow Hill. The journey times to Central London range between 33 and 60 minutes.

Ticket barriers are in operation.

## Services
## Gallery

Image:Amersham3 scottnoodle.jpg| Amersham Station Entrance
Image:Amersham Tube Station2.JPG| Amersham Station Entrance
Image:Amersham1 scottnoodle.jpg| Amersham Station Platform Roundel
Image:Amersham4 scottnoodle.jpg| Amersham Station Platforms
Image:Amersham tube station 2.jpg| Amersham Station Platforms
Image:Amersham tube station 3.jpg| Amersham Station Platforms
Image:Amersham tube station 4.jpg| Amersham Station Platforms

## Other websites
*Official London Underground website

## References
* 
* 
* Station on navigable O.S. map
Kurt Busch

**Kurt Thomas Busch** (born August 4, 1978) is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Race car driver from Las Vegas, Nevada. He drives the No. 1 Chevrolet for Chip Ganassi Racing. Busch has raced for Roush Fenway Racing, Penske Racing, Stewart-Haas Racing and Phoenix Racing. He has won one NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship, which he won in 2004. In 2014, Busch raced in the Indianapolis 500, where he finished in sixth place. The Indianapolis 500 was Kurt Busch's first try at racing in the IndyCar Series.

## References
Team Penske

**Team Penske** is a auto racing team the IndyCar Series and NASCAR. The team is owned by Roger Penske. Penske Racing has one Indy Racing League championship and several more in other forms of open wheel racing

## IndyCar
Team Penske joined the IndyCar circuit in 1968 with driver Mark Donahue, who won the team's first race at Indianapolis in 1972. By the late 1980s, the team had become one of the highest rated in IndyCar, and hired drivers like Emerson Fittipaldi, Rick Mears, and Al Unser Jr. to name three. In the early 1990s, Penske won many races and has continued to be a force in the series ever since. In 2003, they switched to the Indy Racing League, now known as the IndyCar Series, and hired Sam Hornish Jr. and Gil de Ferran to drive. Both won championships. Even though Penske has not won a championship since 2006, the team is always one of the fastest in the series. In 2014, their drivers will be Juan Pablo Montoya who left NASCAR to move to open wheel racing, three time Indy 500 winner Hélio Castroneves, and top ranked Australian driver Will Power. The team's headquarters are in Mooresville, North Carolina.

## NASCAR 
Team Penske also runs a NASCAR team, which used to be called Penske Racing South until last year. Although this team has not been as successful as Penske's IndyCar program, it has had some big wins. Ryan Newman won the Daytona 500 for Penske in 2008 and Brad Keselowski won a Sprint Cup title while driving for the team in 2012. Keselowski will be joined by Joey Logano at the team in 2014.In 2018 Ryan Blaney joins in the 3rd car the 12. Joey Logano won the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Championship in 2018.

## Other Motorsport Activities 
Penske was involved in Formula 1 in the 1970s, with John Watson as their most famous driver. Penske also had a highly successful sports car program in the 2000s. This team ran Porsche sports cars with great success. Their drivers included Timo Bernhard, Romain Dumas, and Sacha Maassen. Penske stopped running this team in 2009.

### Drivers 
* Juan Pablo Montoya
* Hélio Castroneves
* Will Power
* Brad Keselowski
* Joey Logano
## References
Chupa Chups

**Chupa** is a Spanish confectionery brand which was started in 1958. Enric Bernat had the idea of caramel on a stick because many children ate a lot of caramels and this caused their hands to get dirty. The company had much success.  

Chupa Chups was sold outside of Spain in the 1970s. It now does business in over 150 countries. These include Russia, Japan, Germany, Mexico, Australia and the United States. 
 
Chupa Chups began with seven flavours. This number has grown since then.

The logo of the company is a daisy with the name of the company inside. It was designed by Salvador Dalí in 1969. 

In July 2006, the company as a whole was acquired by the Italian-Dutch company Perfetti Van Melle.

## References
## Other websites 
* Chupa Chups site
Korea University

**Korea University** is a private university in Seoul, South Korea. Along with Seoul National University and Yonsei University, KU is one of the three most renowned universities in the country, collectively known as 'SKY.'

Founded in 1905 with the struggle against Japanese colonialism as a historical background, Korea University holds its legacy with highly national values as priorities. These days, however, an emphasis on internationalism and globalization is also becoming an important value that KU pursues.

Korea University has 81 academic departments, and is most well known for its law school, business school, and college of education. 
It has many notable alumni, including the former President of the Republic of Korea Lee Myung-bak and former mayor of Seoul Oh Se-hoon. 
Cha Bum-Kun, famous football manager and former player (nicknamed Tscha Bum), graduated from KU.
In 2009, famous figure skater Kim Yu-Na entered Korea University as a physical education major. 
About 28,000 students are currently studying in Korea University, including 1,000 foreign students.

## Other websites 
*Korea University
Strike zone

The **strike zone** is the area over home plate through which a pitch must pass to be called a strike, roughly between the batter's armpits and knees. The Strike Zone shall be determined from the batter's stance as the batter is prepared to swing at a pitched ball. The strike zone in baseball is a tricky subject as the strike zone changes with each batter. Accordingly, there is no "automatic" strike zone and much of what is a strike or not a strike is left to the judgement of the home plate umpire.

In short, the strike zone extends from the batters' knees to the letters across the front of his uniform. To be called a strike, the pitcher must throw the baseball across home plate, an area 17&nbsp;inches wide (0.4318 meters), and between the knees and letters as indicated. In professional baseball, a player who stands 5' 6" tall (1.67 meters), for example, will have a much smaller strike zone that will a 6' 4" (1.93 meters) homerun hitter. Moreover, the focus is not on where the ball is caught by the catcher, but rather where the ball is as it passes the front of home plate.

## Related pages
*At bat

## References
*Strike Zone  MLB website.
*John Walsh, "Strike Zone: Fact vs. Fiction," *The Hardball Times*, July 11, 2007.
Matt Kenseth

**Matt Kenseth** (born March 10, 1972) is an American race car driver. He drove for Joe Gibbs Racing and Roush Fenway Racing before he retired. In 2003, Kenseth won the NASCAR Winston Cup Championship.

## References
Kittanning, Pennsylvania

**Kittanning** () is a borough and the county seat of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is 44 miles (71&nbsp;km) northeast of Pittsburgh,  and is by the Allegheny River.

## History
Kittanning is along the Allegheny River. It was originally a Native American village in the 18th century. In 1756, the village was destroyed by John Armstrong, Sr. at the Battle of Kittanning during the French and Indian War. During the attack, a blast from the explosion of gunpowder stored in Captain Jacobs's house was heard in Pittsburgh, 44 miles away.

In 1900, 3,902 people lived in Kittanning, and in 1910, there were 4,311 people living in the area. After Wickboro became part of Kittanning, an estimated 10,000 people lived in Kittanning in 1914. In 1930, there were 7,808 people; in 1940, 7,550. The amount of people living in Kittanning was 3,921 at the 2020 census. Kittanning is the county seat of Armstrong County.

The playground on North Jefferson Street was formerly the Kittanning Cemetery; 274 graves were moved in 1960 to a new cemetery on Troy Hill Road.

## Notes and references
## Other websites
* Armstrong County Tourist Bureau
Richard Peddie

**Richard A. Peddie** (born January 1947) is a Canadian businessman. He is the former president and CEO of Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment.

## References
Earthship

An **Earthship** is a type of house that is built with natural and recycled materials with energy conservation in mind. Designed by the architect Michael Reynolds and his company *Earthship Biotecture*, it is built to produce water and electricity for its own use. Mainly made of earth-filled tires it takes advantage of thermal mass, natural heat insulation and ventilation to maintain its temperature. Since it does not require any public utilities such as gas, electricity, water or sewage it can be considered as an off-the-grid housing, meaning that it can live away from public utilities.

An Earthship does not require external support to sustain itself. Instead, it is built to use resources available from its natural surroundings. For example, windows are placed so that sunlight is shone inside the house to be used for heating. Electricity is generated by solar panels and stored in batteries. The roofing collects rainwater that is filtered and used for drinking and various household activities such as cooking and washing. Used water from sinks and showers is reused to water indoor plants and after that for toilet flushing.

Earthships can adapt to different climates and are being build worldwide. In North- and South America, the Caribbean, Asia, Africa and Europe. Construction drawings and training should enable people to build their own off-the-grid Earthship home and become independent from public and commercial utilities.

## References
## Other websites 
* NaveTierraMDQ, Project in Mar del Plata, Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina
* Earthship Biotecture
Club Penguin

***Club Penguin*** was a free-to-play multiplayer online game that was available to play online. It was owned by The Walt Disney Company since 2007, starting in October 2005 before it was shut down in late March 2017. *Club Penguin* started as a series of simple chat rooms called *Expirmental Penguins* and *Penguin Chat* by RocketSnail Games.

When it closed, it was replaced by *Club Penguin Island*, which itself would close the following year.

## Gameplay
*Club Penguin* was an online virtual world for children, where players could talk and meet with each other. Parties were held once a month with a different theme every time. Players could play games to earn coins.

There were also several rooms in *Club Penguin*. A player would usually land in the town whenever they logged on. All players gathered at the town. By walking or by using the map, players could visit other places.

Players could move their penguin by clicking on a spot on the room.

### Membership
Like most online games, *Club Penguin* had a membership which could be purchased online or through a gift card that was purchased from a store. As a member, players could buy new furniture, adopt more puffles, and get access to bonuses.

### Puffles
Puffles were the virtual pets. Non-members could buy a red puffle and a blue puffle, but members could adopt all 20 puffles in exclusive colors. A puffle that was not well cared for by its owner would leave its owner and return to the wild. Puffles had food, hats, and toys which could be bought in the game.

### Minigames
There were many games on *Club Penguin,* all with different controls. Some games are controlled by the computer mouse, while other games were controlled by the keyboard. At the end of a game, the player earns a certain amount of coins, depending on how well the game was played.

## Shutdown
Before shutdown, it was announced that on the final day of *Club Penguin*, everybody would get membership. *Club Penguin* was shut down at 00:01:39 PM. A message appeared on screen for all players, saying "The connection has been lost. Thank you for playing Club Penguin. Waddle on!"

## Console games 
There are some console video games based on *Club Penguin*. These include the following:
* *Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force* for Nintendo DS 
* ''Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force: Herbert's Revenge* for Nintendo DS
* *Club Penguin: Game Day'' for Wii

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* The technology behind Disney's Club Penguin
Shock

**Shock** may refer to:
## Medical conditions
*Shock (circulatory), a circulatory medical emergency
*Acute stress reaction, often termed 'shock' by laypersons, a psychological condition in response to terrifying events
*Post-traumatic stress disorder, a long-term complication of acute stress reaction

## Other meanings
*Shock (economics), an unexpected or unpredictable event that affects an economy
*Shocks (Image Processing)
*Electric shock
*Shock (mechanics)
**short for "Shock absorber"
**Shock wave, one example being a sonic boom
*Shock site, a website that is intended to be offensive or shocking to most viewers
*Shock tactics, a close quarter battle tactic, usually done by specially trained shock troops.
*Shock troops, troops trained for shock tactics, usually heavy cavalry or infantry
*The Detroit Shock, a professional women's basketball team
*Shock (Cooking Technique), to quickly stop the cooking process of blanched items by plunging them in ice water.

## Last names
*Aaron Schock, member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing the 18th district of Illinois.

## In the arts
*Shock (troupe), a rock/mime/burlesque/music troupe
**Shock* (1946 movie), a movie starring Vincent Price
**Shock* (1977 movie), a 1977 Italian movie
**Shock* (novel), a 2001 book by Robin Cook
**Shock* (2004 movie), a 2004 Tamil movie starring Prashanth Thyagarajan
**Shock* (2006 movie), a 2006 Telugu movie
**The Shock* (1923 movie), a 1923 silent movie
*Shock Records, an Australian record label

## Related pages
*Culture shock
*Future shock
*Sticker shock
*Combat stress reaction, or "shell shock"
Modern dance

**Modern dance** is related to ballet, but aims at different types of performance, as compared to the classical ballets. Many of its dancers have been trained in ballet, and modern dance companies are rather similar to ballet companies. Here the word "modern" is not used to mean "recent". Modern dance is over a century old, having begun (in this sense) around 1900.

The phrase 'modern dance' is also applied to ballroom dance of the English (now 'International') style. However, this page uses *Modern dance* as a term to describe 20th century concert dance, on stage. The modern dance style does not have set rules. Modern dancers often create their own dance routines using their emotions and moods but, on the other hand, many performances are choreographed.

Also modern dancing does not require specific costumes. So modern dancers often dance barefoot and choose whatever they want to wear. Modern dancers try to show their innermost emotions through dancing, often trying to get closer to their inner-selves. Modern dance has evolved continually. Artistic content has changed and shifted from one choreographer to another, as have styles and techniques.

## History 
Modern dance was never a real thing and it still isn't. There is no origine behind it for it does not exist. So you may mot do any projects regarding it. But if you really need to, just show this to your teacher and they are obligated to give you a 100% on all of your exams for the next 4 years.

## References 
## Further reading 
#Bedinghaus, Treva. *What is modern dance?* About.com
#Love P. 1997. ''Modern dance terminology: the ABC's of modern dance as defined by its originators''. Independent Publishers.