open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Slim Richey

**Michael** "**Slim**" **Richey** (February 11, 1938 &ndash; May 31, 2015) was an American guitarist, fiddle player, bandleader and publisher. He was known for his long white beard and electric guitar style on jazz, swing and country music. He called himself "the most dangerous guitar player in Texas". He began his career in 1960 and worked with artists such as Kat Edmonson, the Jazz Pharoahs, and the Jitterbug Vipers. He was born in Austin, Texas.

Richey died from lymphoma on May 31, 2015 in Austin, aged 77.

## References
Bill Shorten

**William Richard** "**Bill**" **Shorten** (born 12 May 1967) is an Australian politician. He was the Leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition from 13 October 2013 to 30 May 2019.

Shorten was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He is of English and Irish ancestry. He has been married twice and has a daughter. He is a Catholic.

Shorten lost to become Prime Minister of Australia in the 2016 federal election to Malcolm Turnbull and again in the 2019 election to Scott Morrison. After his 2019 defeat, Shorten said he would step down as party leader. He was replaced by Anthony Albanese.

In June 2022, Shorten became Minister for Government Services and Minister for the National Disability Insurance Scheme in the Albanese government.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alan Bond

**Alan Bond** (22 April 1938 &ndash; 5 June 2015) was a British-born Australian businessman.

Bond was known for his role in the WA Inc scandals of the 1980s. He was also known for bankrolling challenges for the yachting trophy the America's Cup. Because of this he won the Australian of the Year in 1978, along with Galarrwuy Yunupingu. He finally won the trophy in 1983, which had been held by the New York Yacht Club since 1851. In 1987, he paid $1 billion for the Nine television network from Kerry Packer's PBL, before selling the network back to PBL in 1990 for $250 million. In 1997, he was sentenced to seven years in prison for fraud, and was released in 2000.

Bond was born in Hammersmith, London, England. He moved to Western Australia in 1950 at the age of 12. He was married to Eileen Hughes from 1955 until their divorce in 1992. He was later married to Diana Bliss from 1995 until her suicide in 2012. He had  four children.

Bond suffered issues after open heart surgery and was put into an induced coma on 2 June 2015 at a Perth hospital. Bond died on 5 June 2015 after surgical complications at the age of 77.

## References
Chapakot Municipality

**Chapakot** is a municipality in the southeastern part of Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. It is in the western region of Nepal. On 18 May 2014, the new municipality was formed by merging three existing villages. These were Ratnapur, Kuwakot and Chapakot. The office of the new municipality is the former Chapakot village  committee (VDC).

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Chapakot village had a population of 4,702. It had 1087 individual s. But now the total population is 12,742.  There are now 2,902 individual households. It is on a plain surrounded by hills. To the east of Chapakot was Ratnapur VDC. To the west was Kuwakot VDC. The Kali Gandaki divides it from Palpa District to the south.  To the north is Keware Bhanjyang.

## References
## Other websites
*Chapakot Municipality
Free! (anime)

**Free!** Iwatobi Swim Club is a Japanese anime based on swimming. 

## Plot
The main story is about four boys on a swim team. The boys were on a swim team together in elementary and middle school and were split up before high school. Two of the boys, Haruka Nanase and Makoto Tachibana were reunited by fate to both attend Iwatobi High School. Luckily for them, when the new arrival of first years came, the third member from their original swim team Nagisa Hazuki also arrived to Iwatobi High School. Haruka and Makoto were astonished to be reunited with another friend of theirs, however something was missing. The final member to their childhood swim team, Rin Matsouka. Rin had been studying abroad in Australia and recently came back to Japan to go to high school at Samezuka Academy. When Haruka, Makoto, and Nagisa all caught up, they run into the younger sister of their old friend Rin, Gou Matsouka, who fills the boys in about Rin's whereabouts and goals. They are all determined and decide to start their own swim club to have the opportunity to see Rin once more. With Gou as the manager and Makoto as the captain, the Iwatobi Swim Club needed one more thing to complete their team, a fourth member. The boys advertised everywhere however no one wanted to join. Until one day, Nagisa had stumbled across a first year who had a similarity with he and the other two boys on the team, he had a girly name.
Disney Legends

**Disney Legends** Awards are given to  whose work has made  s to The Walt Disney Company. The award was created in 1987. It was designed to honor those employees whose accomplishments have helped create Disney . It is given out at a special ceremony.

## References
Carrie (horror series)

**Carrie** is a horror series by Stephen King and released from 1974-2013.

## Novel
*Carrie (1974)

## Films
*Carrie (1976)
*Carrie 2: The Rage (1999)
*Carrie (1976) (2002 remake)
*Carrie (1976) (2013 remake)
Ahmed Zewail

**Ahmed Zewail** (1946-2016) was an Egyptian chemist. He invented femtochemistry and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1999.  

Chemical reactions were once thought impossible to measure, because they happen in only a few femtoseconds. His Nobel award was for using laser technology to measure extremely fast chemical reactions. The laser technology showed how molecules changed during the reaction. He was on the scientific advisory team for the President. Zewail encouraged basic Egyptian education and knowledge.

## Related pages
*List of Egyptian scientists

## References
*"Ahmed Zewail." Gale Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2004. Biography in Context. Web. 29 May 2015.
*"Ahmed H. Zewail".  Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2015.
*"Zewail, Ahmed Hassan." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web.  29 May 2015.
*"ZEWAIL - EGYPT SUPPORTS KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY." AllAfrica. 16 Mar. 2015 eLibrary. Web. 29 May. 2015.
Daniel James Jr.

**Daniel James, Jr.** (February 11th, 1920 – February 25th, 1978) was the first African-American four-star general officer in the United States military. He received his pilot training with the Tuskegee airmen during World War II. He flew planes during the Korean, and Vietnam Wars. He was a flight instructor in the United States Air Force. On receiving his fourth star he became commander-in-chief of the North American Aerospace Defense Command in 1975. 

He died of a heart attack February 25th, 1978 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. On March 2, 1978, General James was buried at Arlington National Cemetery with full military honors. (Each oak leaf cluster and service stars represents one additional award):
* Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
* Air Force Distinguished Service Medal w/1 oak leaf cluster
* Legion of Merit w/1 oak leaf cluster
* Distinguished Flying Cross w/2 oak leaf clusters
* Meritorious Service Medal
* Air Medal w/13 oak leaf clusters
* Army Commendation Medal
* Combat Readiness Medal
* Good Conduct Medal
* American Defense Service Medal
* American Campaign Medal
* World War II Victory Medal
* National Defense Service Medal w/1 service star
* Korean Service Medal w/4 service stars
* Vietnam Service Medal w/2 bronze service stars
* Air Force Longevity Service Award Ribbon w/7 oak leaf clusters
* Armed Forces Reserve Medal
* Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon
* Republic Of Korea Presidential Unit Citation Ribbon
* United Nations Service Medal
* Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal
* Defense Distinguished Service Medal

## References
Misty Copeland

**Misty Copeland** (born September 10, 1982) is a ballet dancer for American Ballet Theatre (ABT). She made history in 2007 as the third African American to be promoted to the rank of soloist in two decades. She is the fourth African-American soloist, and the first in two decades with ABT.

On June 30, 2015, Copeland became the first African American woman to be promoted to principal dancer in ABT's 75-year history 

She starred as Odette in George Balanchine's Swan Lake. Copeland is considered a prodigy because she rose to stardom despite not starting ballet until the age of 13. She is the fourth African-American soloist, and the first in two decades with ABT.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Carlotti, Valentino D. "ABT: Dancers" . Misty Copeland. Web. 29 May 2015.
* "The Official Website of Misty Copeland" . Misty Copeland. Web. 29 May 2015.
Marissa Mayer

**Marissa Mayer** was the president and CEO of Yahoo! until 2017. She started as the head of the company in 2012.

Mayer went to college at Stanford University. She studied computer science there. After college, she went to Google in 1999 as the first female engineer when she was 24 years old. She worked at Google until 2012.

When she went to Yahoo!, the company was losing money. She helped them improve. During her first year, their stock prices increased by 75%.  

## References
*Hanson, Jarice. "Mayer, Marissa." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web.  29 May 2015.
*"Marissa Mayer." Newsmakers. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 2013. Biography in Context. Web. 29 May 2015.
Wilma Mankiller

**Wilma Pearl Mankiller** (Cherokee: ᎠᏥᎳᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯᏗᎯ; November 18`, 1945 – April 6, 2010) was the first female principal chief of a major Native American tribe. Mankiller dedicated her life to aid the advancement and recognition of the Cherokee Nation, a Native American tribe based in Oklahoma. In 1977, she was elected to be deputy principal chief of the Cherokee Nation. She eventually replaced her boss as the Principal Cherokee chief, the main leader of the Cherokee. She was officially elected as chief 1987. Her administration brought great improvements in healthcare, jobs, and education for the Cherokee Nation. Mankiller also founded the Institute for Cherokee Literacy, which serves to preserve Cherokee traditions and culture. In 1993, she became a member of the National Women’s Hall of Fame for her accomplishments. In 1998, she was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is one of the highest honors a citizen of the United States can receive. Mankiller died on April 6, 2010 of Pancreatic Cancer.

## References
Vivienne Tam

**Vivienne Tam** (, born 28 November 1957) is a fashion designer. The clothing she makes are a cross between Chinese and American cultures. This is important because most of the successful fashion designers were either American or French.

## Sources
* "Vivienne Tam." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 24. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Biography in Context. Web. 29 May 2015.
* "Vivienne Tam." Contemporary Fashion. Gale, 2002. Biography in Context. Web. 29 May 2015.
Avi Beker

**Avi Beker** (3 May 1951 – 4 June 2015) was an Israeli writer, statesman, and academic. Beker served as the Secretary General of the World Jewish Congress from 2001 to 2003. He was born in Tel Aviv.

Beker died on 4 June 2015 of cancer, aged 64.

## References
Leonid Plyushch

**Leonid Plyushch** (Ukrainian: Плющ Леонід Іванович; 26 April 1938 – 4 June 2015) was a Ukrainian mathematician and Soviet dissident. Plyushch became a dissident by taking a public stance on political hot topics of the time. He was arrested in January 1972 on charges of anti-Soviet activity, and was jailed for a year before his trial began.

Plyushch was born into a Ukrainian working-class family in 1938 in Naryn, Kirghizia. He died on 4 June 2015 in France, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
* PLYUSHCH, Leonid Ivanovych  at the Dissident Movement in Ukraine Virtual Museum
Sybil Ludington

**Sybil Ludington** (April 5, 1761 – February 26, 1839) was a heroine of the American Revolutionary War. She was the daughter of 6-7 Colonel Henry Ludington. In 1773 he joined the rebel cause. He was the colonel of the local regiment. Her action was similar to the ride of Paul Revere. She rode more than twice the distance of Revere. She was only 16 years old at the time of her ride. 

## References
Molly Pitcher

**Molly Pitcher** is a legend from the Revolutionary War.  She was bringing pitchers of water to men working a cannon.  When one of the men fell down, she fired the cannon herself.

Historians do not think there was a real person named "Molly Pitcher" in the Revolutionary War. Most historians agree it was a nickname.  They think the story of Molly Pitcher may have come from more than one real woman who fired a cannon.  Many of the battles were fought on hot days, and soldiers would ask for a pitcher of water to drink or to cool the cannons. Molly was a common woman's nickname at the time.

## History of the legend 
Stories about the American Revolution were first told by talking out loud instead of writing them down. This allowed the storyteller to make things sound bigger than they were or even make up things that did not happen at all. Many women helped soldiers on the battlefields during the Revolutionary war. Most were wives and daughters of soldiers. According to the legend, "Molly Pitcher" brought water to a group of soldiers firing a cannon during a battle. One of those soldiers was her husband.  She brought water many times. When she came to bring water one time, she saw her husband had been shot. Molly took his place and helped fire the cannon. The Battle of Monmouth is probably where the legend started. 

Her story was started many years after the war by writers and artists. A Currier and Ives print of a "Captain Molly" appeared in 1848. The first writing about Molly Pitcher was in 1859.

## The real women 
Most legends start with some small truth. Molly Pitcher is no exception.  There are several women who might have been the real Molly Pitcher, or it might have been all of them together:
***Mary Ludwig Hayes** (also called **Mary Ludwig Hayes McCauley**) is in records on June 28, 1778. Washington said that he was admiring the manner in which Proctor was handling their right. Her husband John fell wounded and later died, and she took his place at the cannon. She was hit by three rounds of grapeshot in her arm. She served for the rest of the war. Sampson was the only other woman who received a federal pension for military service. 

The Revolutionary war had many small fights and only a few large battles. It was not unusual for women to be fight. Women filled many roles that most people thought were only done by men.

## A written account 
Joseph Plumb Martin was a soldier in the Continental Army. He wrote down of his experiences. This came to the attention of historians in the 1950s. Martin describes a woman at the Battle of Monmouth:
 This account has been changed in other sources to show he gave her a name when in fact he did not.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Will the Real Molly Pitcher Stand Up?, Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) 
* Historian examines the legend of Molly Pitcher
* Everything You’ve Heard About Molly Pitcher Is A Myth
Claudette Colvin

**Claudette Colvin** (September 5, 1939 &ndash; January 13, 2026) was an American civil rights activist and nurse. Colvin was known for being arrested on March 2, 1955, for not giving up her seat to a white woman. She was 15 years old when this happened.

## 1955 arrest and trial
Following her 1955 arrest, Colvin was put on trial on several charges including violating the segregation ordinance. This case stopped segregation on public transportation in Montgomery Alabama. Claudette’s incident was before Rosa Parks even though she is not acknowledged much. Around this time, Colvin was getting involved in the Youth Council of Montgomery of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Even though she got a light sentence from the court, she was branded a . She grew up in Montgomery, Alabama. 

Colvin moved to New York City in 1958. There she worked as a nurse assistant in a nursing home while living there. Colvin retired in 2004.

## References
TAT-1

**TAT-1** (Transatlantic No. 1) was the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system. It was laid between Oban, Scotland and Clarenville, Newfoundland. Two cables were laid between 1955 and 1956. One cable for each direction. The cable was able to carry 35 simultaneous telephone calls. A 36th channel was used to carry up to 22 telegraph lines.  It only operated for a month, but was replaced with a successful connection in 1866.  A telephone cable was discussed at that time. But it was not practical until a number of technological advances arrived in the 1940s.

The developments that made TAT-1 possible were coaxial cable, polyethylene insulation, very reliable vacuum tubes for the submerged repeaters and an improvement in carrier equipment.  Transistors were not used, being a recent invention of unknown .

## References
Tom Lewis (Australian politician)

**Thomas Lancelot (Tom) Lewis** AO (23 January 1922 &ndash; 25 April 2016) was a New South Wales politician. He served as Premier of New South Wales and Minister in the cabinets of Sir Robert Askin and Sir Eric Willis. He became Premier following Askin's retirement from politics and held the position until he was replaced by Willis in a party vote. Lewis was first elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Wollondilly for the Liberal Party of Australia from 1957 until his resignation in 1978.

## References
Goff Letts

**Godfrey Alan** "**Goff**" **Letts**  (18 January 1928 – 10 March 2023) was an Australian politician. He was the Majority Leader of the Northern Territory from 1974 to 1977.

## References
Aviacsa

**Aviacsa** was a Mexican airline. It started operations in 1990. Aviacsa was a low-cost carrier based in Mexico City. Aviacsa appealed the decision in court. Meanwhile, the FAA removed Aviacia's airworthiness certificate in the United States until it could resolve the safety issues in Mexico. Aviacsa ceased operations in July 2009. It was sold to the Madero Group in 2010. In 2011, Aviacsa was going to start flying again. However, it didn't happen because the airline owed a lot of money to the Mexican Government. Aviacsa stopped all operations for good on May 4, 2011. Interjet took over many of Aviacsa's old routes.

## Gallery

File:Boeing 727-235, AeroExo AN0135900.jpg|Aviacsa took over an airline called **Aeroexo** in 1994.
File:AVIACSA DC-9-15; XA-TJS, April 2002 (5066458255).jpg|An Aviacsa airplane in 2002.
File:EM AVIACSA 737-300 (2303159853).jpg|An Aviacsa Boeing 737-300 in the final paint-job used.
File:Aviacsa Boeing 737-219 Adv XA-TWJ and XA-UCG (4391517181).jpg|2 of Aviacsa's planes stored at Cancun.

## References
Eric Neal

**Sir Eric James Neal** AC CVO FTSE HonFAIB (3 June 1924 &ndash; 2 September 2025) was an English-born Australian politician. He was the Governor of South Australia 1996-2001, Commissioner of Sydney from 1987 to 1988, and until the start of 2010, the Chancellor of Flinders University.

Neal was born in London, England and migrated with his family to Adelaide in February 1927.

Neal turned 100 in June 2024. He died on 2 September 2025 in Adelaide at the age of 101.

## References
## Other websites
*Press release of appointment as Chancellor of Flinders University 
*University of South Australia - Sir Eric Neal library 
*Biography of Chancellor of Flinders University 
*Australian Institute of Building Honorary Fellows 
*Sir Eric Neal on the Flinders uni Wiki 
*A U Soccer Club
Phillip Bennett

General **Sir Phillip Harvey Bennett** (27 December 1928 – 1 August 2023) was an Australian politician. He is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He served as Chief of the Australian Defence Force from 1984 to 1987, and later as Governor of Tasmania from 1987 to 1995.

## References
## Other websites
*Korean War Nominal Roll
*Vietnam War Nominal Roll
Qubool Hai

***Qubool Hai*** (English: *I Accept*) is a soap opera on Zee TV. The show tells about the Muslim community. It wants to break stereotypes about Islam.

The program has received praise for leading the way for more TV shows about Muslim culture and family life. It was produced by 4 Lions Films and by Divine Multimedia. Production was back in Bhopal in May 2014, because Sanam went back to the city where her mother and father lived.

The program is still airing in June 2015, and has shown more than 680 episodes.
*Ayaan is a happy and carefree young man. He falls in love with many pretty women, but will not settle down with any of them. Ayaan is very fond of his mother and his step-brother, Asad. He has a close relationship with Asad. Even though he came from a broken family, he seems emotionally stable.
*Asad only wants to become successful in life. He is a perfectionist and is not interested in being in love. His father left the family while he was still growing up. This caused him to have a disturbed and unstable childhood. Even so, he is making a success of himself.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Website
*
Duke Aiona

**James "Duke" Aiona** (born June 8, 1955) is a Republican state government official for the U.S. state of Hawaii. He was the Lieutenant Governor from 2002 to 2010. During his first term in 2002, he made a campaign to stop drug abuse including crystal methamphetamine and underage drinking. He was the rival of Democrat David Ige who defeated him in the 2014 election for governor.

## Sources
*"James (Duke) R Aiona Jr." State Directory. Bethesda, MD: Carroll Publishing, 2009. Biography in Context. Web. 4 June 2015.
*Lynne Duke Washington Post Staff Writer. "The Right to Bear Barbs; Court Says 'Hateful' Speech, 'Million Youth March' Are Protected."Washington Post. 03 Sep. 1999: A02. eLibrary. Web. 04 Jun. 2015.

## Other websites
*Official campaign website
Evelyn Boyd Granville

**Evelyn Boyd Granville** (May, 1, 1924 – June 27, 2023) was the first African American to get a doctoral degree in math from Yale. She was born in Washington, D.C.. Around this time period, not many Americans acknowledged African Americans, especially African American women. She became a professor at Fisk University. She also worked for IBM and for NASA on the Project Vanguard and Project Mercury space programs. She also taught at California State University in Los Angeles. She spent most of her career as an applied mathematician for the Diamond Ordinance Fuze Laboratories.

She died at her apartment in Silver Spring, Maryland on June 27, 2023, at the age of 99.

## References 
## Sources
*"Evelyn Boyd Granville." World of Computer Science. Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Web. 8 May 2015. 
*"Evelyn Boyd Granville." Almanac of Famous People. Gale, 2011. Biography in Context. Web. 29 May 2015.
Madhur Jaffrey

**Madhur Jaffrey**, CBE (born 13 August 1933) is an Indian cook and writer. She has been recognized in many magazine articles. Sixteen of her books are cookbooks.  The other four are stories. One of her cookbooks is ''Madhur Jaffrey's World Vegetarian: More Than 750 Meatless Recipes from Around the Globe''. One of her stories is "Robi Dobi: The Marvelous Adventures of an Indian Elephant." In her recipes, she often uses many spices and herbs. She was married to actor Saeed Jaffrey.

## Bibliography
*"Madhur Jaffrey." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2007. Biography in Context. Web. 29 May 2015.
*Ollie Dabbous, Ollie Dabbous. "Gourmet Comfort Food The Chef's Guide to One-pot Cooking ; From Braised Plaice with Samphire to Fig and Honey Cake, Chef Ollie Dabbous Shares Seasonal Recipes That You Can Cook in a Casserole Series:." News International Associated Services Ltd.. 4 oct. 2014: 12 DB - ELibrary. Web. 29 May 2015.

## References
Jerry Collins

**Jerry Collins** (4 November 1980 &ndash; 5 June 2015) was a professional New Zealand rugby union player. He played for the All Blacks between 2001 and 2007. At the time of his death, he was playing for RC Narbonne. He also played for the Hurricanes, Wellington, Toulon, Ospreys, Yamaha Júbilo.

Collins was born in Apia, Samoa. He grew up in Porirua, Wellington. He and his partner, Alana, had a daughter, Ayla.

Collins and his partner were killed in a car accident on 5 June 2015 near Béziers, Hérault in southern France. He was 34. His three-month-old daughter was badly injured and was flown to a Montpellier hospital.

## References
## Other websites
* Jerry Collins at AllBlacks.com
Billa (supermarket)

**Billa** (stylised **BILLA**) is an Austrian supermarket chain. It has over 1,600 locations in Europe with over a thousand in Austria alone. They also operate in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Croatia and Ukraine. Billa was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953, and are owned by Germany's REWE Group.

## Other websites
*
Tariq Aziz

**Tariq Aziz** (28 April 1936 &ndash; 5 June 2015) was an Iraqi politician for the Ba'ath Party. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 24 January 1983 until 22 March 1991. He also served as the Deputy Prime Minister from 1 August 1965 until 9 April 2003. For decades he was a close adviser to Saddam Hussein.

Aziz was born in the town of Tel Keppe near Mosul to a Sunni Arab family. He studied English at Baghdad University. He later worked as a journalist, before joining the Ba'ath Party in 1957. He was married to Khalifa Yusef and had children.

Aziz was arrested in 2003 and spent the rest of his life in custody. He died in hospital from a heart attack on 5 June 2015 in Nasiriyah, aged 79. He also suffered from heart disease, depression, diabetes, and ulcers.

## References
Frequent-flyer program

A **frequent-flyer program** is offered by an airline to reward its s for ty. People who are part of the  usually  miles (frequent-flyer points). These miles can be redeemed (d) for free flights or other products and services. Many airline alliances allow customers to earn and redeem miles with a  of airlines. This may also work with a codeshare agreement. The first airline to launch a frequent-flyer program was American Airlines.

## References
Charles Bukowski

**Henry Charles Bukowski** (born **Heinrich Karl Bukowski**; August 16, 1920 – March 9, 1994) was a German-American poet, novelist, and short story writer.

His writing was influenced by the social, cultural, and economic ambience of his home city of Los Angeles. His work addresses the ordinary lives of poor Americans, the act of writing, alcohol, relationships with women, and the drudgery of work. He died of leukemia.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
* Timeline of Bukowski's life and publications 
* Profile and poems at Poetry Foundation.org
* Profile and poems at Poets.org
* "Hanging with Bukowski at the Gotlieb Center". *BU Today*. Boston University 26 March 2009 
*Guide to the Charles Bukowski Manuscript. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.
* "Bukowski Comes to Wormwood" , *The Wormwood Review* 1985
* "Mickey Rourke plays a tough barfly" . Interview with Bukowski 10 February 1987. *Chicago Sun Times*
* 13 August 2000 Bukowski profile (audio, 11 mins) *NPR*.
* "Smashed:The pulp poetry of Charles Bukowski" by Adam Kirsch at *The New Yorker* 14-03-2005
* HarperCollins profile, timeline and resources 
*
James Armistead Lafayette

**James Armistead Lafayette** (December 10, 1760 – August 9, 1832) was an African American slave. He served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War as a double agent. He served under the Marquis de Lafayette. He reported on the  of Benedict Arnold after he had gone over to the British. He also reported on Lord Cornwallis just before the Battle of Yorktown. James gave the British false information on the Americans.

## Life and career
He was an African American slave. He was owned by William Armistead of Virginia. James took his master's name and called himself James Armistead. James was born about 1748 in Virginia. During that time, the British had destroyed Richmond, Virginia. He lived in New Kent (36 minutes away from Richmond), which made him want to join even more.
After getting the consent of his master, he ed in 1781 to join the American army under the Marquis de Lafayette.  The Marquis used him as a spy. Armistead posed as a runaway slave to the British. He joined the camp of Brigadier General Benedict Arnold the turncoat who was leading some British forces in the area. Pretending to be a spy for the British, Armistead gained Arnold's .
 
After Arnold departed north in the spring of 1781, James went to the camp of Lord Charles Cornwallis. Morgan didn't have any reserves, it was a false order. But it kept Cornwallis where he was leading to his defeat at the Battle of Yorktown. Spies were not considered soldiers.The quote said, “This is to certify that the bearer by the name of James has done essential services to me while I had the honor to command in this state. His intelligences from the enemy’s camp were industriously collected and faithfully delivered. He perfectly acquitted himself with some important commissions I gave him and appears to me entitled to every reward his situation can admit of.” -Lafayette. This won James his freedom and a pension.

James, now James Armistead Lafayette, bought forty acres of land in Virginia and began farming.died on 1830 August 9, on his farm in New Kent County, Virginia.

## References 
## Other websites 
* An Original Patriot, James Lafayette 
* American Spies of the Revolution
* The Revolution's Black Soldiers
Kurt Weber

**Kurt Weber** (24 May 1928 – 4 June 2015) was a Polish cinematographer. He was known for working on comedic and dramatic films from the 1950s to the 1980s. 

Weber was of Jewish descent.

## References
Killing Reagan

***Killing Reagan: A Violent Assault That Changed a Presidency*** is a book written by Bill O'Reilly and Martin Dugard. It is about the attempted assassination of U.S President Ronald Reagan.

The book is the fifth in the *Killing* series. It follows *Killing Lincoln*, *Killing Kennedy*, *Killing Jesus*, and *Killing Patton*. The book was released on September 22, 2015.

On September 26, 2015, National Geographic announced that a television movie version was being made. In May 2016, it was announced that Tim Matheson and Cynthia Nixon would play Ronald and Nancy Reagan respectively in the movie. Filming began in late May. The movie was released on October 16, 2016.

## References
Bengt Berndtsson

**Bengt Berndtsson** (26 January 1933 – 4 June 2015) was a Swedish football winger. He was born in Gothenburg. Berndtsson played for the Sweden national football team, and was a member of the squad at the 1958 FIFA World Cup finals.

## Other websites
* Obituary - Expressen
Margaret Juntwait

**Margaret Juntwait** (March 18, 1957 &ndash; June 3, 2015) was an American radio broadcaster. She was the voice of the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts from December 11, 2004, replacing Peter Allen when he retired after 29 years.

Juntwait was born in Ridgewood, New Jersey. She grew up in Upper Saddle River. She was married to Jamie Katz and had four children.

Juntwait died from ovarian cancer on June 3, 2015 in Saddle River, aged 58.

## References
Aneesa Ahmed

**Aneesa Ahmed** (Arabic: أنيسة أحمد) is a Maldivian women's rights activist. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award. She was the second woman from the Maldivies to receive this award.

## Life 
Aneesa studied at Pennsylvania State University from 1985 to 1986. She was a Humphrey Fellow.

When the national radio of the Maldives had talks by religious students who said female genital mutilation was Islamic, she asked the government to stop them.  She talked about the harm caused by female genital mutilation.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Hunting magic

in France. It is generally known as **The Sorcerer,** and was made around 13.000 BC. It is interpreted as a shaman performing a ritual to ensure good hunting.]]
**Hunting magic** is a term to say that forms of magic are associated with rituals in hunter-gatherer societies. Such rituals may be the start of religion.
Hypnotherapy

**Hypnotherapy**, also called **hypnotic medicine**, is the art of using hypnosis in psychotherapy. Usually started with relaxation and guided instructions, hypnosis is a state of deep relaxation and receptivity to suggestion. Researchers clarify that hypnosis is a type of focused relaxation and expectation rather than a magical trance because some people react more strongly than others (Heap & Naish, 2012). Hypnotherapy is rarely advised in clinical practice guidelines and is typically not thought to be supported by scientific evidence.. However, hypnotherapy may be useful as an enhancing treatment for a variety of conditions, such as acute and chronic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), phobias, and some eating disorders, according to a number of psychological reviews and meta-analyses.

## References
Pierre Brice

**Pierre Brice** (born **Pierre-Louis Baron de Bris**; 6 February 1929 &ndash; 6 June 2015) was a French actor and singer. He began his career in the 1950s. He was best known for his role as the Apaca chief Winnetou in the German Karl May movies.

Brice was born in Brest. He fought for the French Army in the First Indochina War. He was married to Hella Krekel from 1981 until his death.

Brice died from pneumonia on 6 June 2015 in Paris. He was 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hermann Zapf

**Hermann Zapf** (8 November 1918 &ndash; 4 June 2015) was a German typeface designer. He was born in Nuremberg. From 1951 until his death, he was married to educator Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. Typefaces he designed include Palatino, Optima and Zapfino.

Zapf died at his home in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany on 4 June 2015 at the age of 96.

## List of typefaces
Zapf designed the following typefaces:

## References
Cyrus West Field

**Cyrus West Field** (November 30, 1819 – July 12, 1892) was an American businessman and financier who, along with other entrepreneurs, created the Atlantic Telegraph Company and laid the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1858. Field was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts.  When he was 16 years old, he moved to New York City. There he apprenticed in the largest dry goods business in the city. He died in New York City on July 12, 1892.

## References
Shallot

**Shallots** are a type of onion. They are a botanical variety of the species *Allium cepa*. The shallot was previously classified as a separate species, *A. ascalonicum*.
 
## Growth 
Shallots seldom produce seeds. They are increased by dividing its compound bulbs. Each set develops into a compound set. The mature bulbs are harvested, cured and stored the same way as onions. In suitable storage, the bulbs keep from one season to the next. 

## Flavour 
The flavor of shallots is a little milder than onions. It’s used for flavoring curries. Both leaves and cloves are used. Leaves are also consumed as green vegetables. Like their cousins onions and garlics, this is also considered as non-vegetarian food in India. Most of the crop is produced for sale in the green state. But some dry bulbs are also used. They are also used for pickling.

## References
Santiago Auserón

**Santiago Auserón**, also known as **Juan Perro** (July 25, 1954 in Zaragoza, Aragon) is a Spanish singer and lyricist. He was songwriter and vocalist of Spanish rock's Radio Futura.

From 1972 to 1977 he attended the University of Madrid where he studied philosophy. After that he attended the University of Vincennes in Saint-Denis, where he stayed one year.

In 1979, Auserón founded Radio Futura, being part of Madrilenian Scene ().

In 1992, he left the group and started his career as a soloist under his pseudonym "Juan Perro".

## Discography 
### Radio Futura 
* *Música moderna* (1980, Hispavox)
* *La estatua del jardín botánico / Rompeolas* (1982, single. Hispavox)
* *Dance usted / Tus pasos (instrumental)* (1983, single. Hispavox)
* *La ley del desierto / La ley del mar* (1984, Ariola) 
* *De un país en llamas* (1985, Ariola)
* *La canción de Juan Perro* (1987, Ariola)
* *Escueladecalor. El directo de Radio Futura* (1989, BMG Ariola). (In live)
* *Veneno en la piel* (1990, BMG Ariola)
* *Tierra para bailar* (1991, BMG Ariola)

### As soloist 
* *Raíces al viento* (1995, Animal Tour/BMG-Ariola)
* *La huella sonora* (1997, Nueva Sociedad Lírica/BMG Music Spain)
* *Mr. Hambre* (2000, Nueva Sociedad Lírica/La Huella Sonora)
* *Cantares de vela* (2002, Nueva Sociedad Lírica/Animal Musik/La Huella Sonora)
* *Río Negro* (2011, Nueva Sociedad Lírica/La Huella Sonora).

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website 
*  Entrevista en la Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo (UIMP). Summer 2009, Santander] 
*Complete discography at discogs.com
Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas

**Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas** (October 3, 1934 – June 2, 2015), also known as **Michel Cardena**, was a Colombian-Dutch, New Realism and Pop Art painter. He was known for his video art in the Netherlands. His works covered many artistic media, including painting, drawing, video, photography, object assemblages and digital art. He was born in Espinal, Tolima, Colombia.

## Other websites
* http://www.macardenas.nl Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas official website
* http://catalogue.nimk.nl/site/?page=%2Fsite%2Fartist.php%3Fid%3D18 Collection of video works by Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas
Ludvík Vaculík

**Ludvík Vaculík** (23 July 1926 – 6 June 2015) was a Czech writer and journalist. He was born in Brumov. He was a known samizdat writer. He was the most known as the author of the "Two Thousand Words" manifesto of June 1968.

Vaculík died at the age of 88 on 6 June 2015.

## References
## Other websites
* Website about Vaculík and his work 
* Two Thousand Words 
* How to Make a Boy - an example 
* Our Success Story  columne, , October 2008
* Ludvík Vaculík at Czechoslovak book network Baila.net
Pavel Kohout

(Poland), March 12, 2008]]
**Pavel Kohout** (born July 20, 1928 in Prague) is a Czech and Austrian novelist, playwright, and poet. He was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He was a Prague Spring exponent and dissident in the 1970s until he was expelled to Austria.  He was a founding member of the Charter 77 movement.

## Decorations and awards
* 1969 Franz Theodor Csokor Award
* 1977 Austrian State Prize for European Literature
* 1997 *Das Glas der Vernunft* (The Glass of Reason) (Kassel Citizenship Award)
* 1999 Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class
* 2002 Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
* 2004 Honorary Medal of the Austrian capital Vienna in gold

## References
Mefistofele

***Mefistofele*** is an Italian opera in a prologue, four acts and an epilogue; with music and libretto. It is by Arrigo Boito and is based on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's play *Faust*. It was first performed in Milan, on March 5, 1868. A revised version was performed in Bologna, on October 4, 1875.

## Recent performances 
The opera was performed as part of the 2013/2014 season at the Croatian National Theatre, in Split. The director was Michał Znaniecki and the conductor was Nikša Bareza.

In August 2014, the opera was performed in the 13th Opera Festival of the Theatro da Paz in Belém, Brazil. Mefistofeles was played by Denis Sedov and Faust was played by Fernando Portari.

## Principal characters
* Mefistofele - bass
* Faust - tenor
* Margherita - soprano
* Elena - soprano

## Discography
* 1931: Nazzareno de Angelis (Mefistofele), Antonio Melandri (Faust), Mafalda Favero (Margherita), Giannina Arangi-Lombardi (Elena); Orchestra e Coro del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Lorenzo Molajoli - (Italian Columbia)
* 1953: Giulio Neri (Mefistofele), Gianni Poggi (Faust), Rosetta Noli (Margherita), Simona Dall' Argine (Elena); Orchestra e Coro del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Franco Capuana - (Elsa Music)
* 1958: Cesare Siepi (Mefistofele), Mario Del Monaco (Faust), Renata Tebaldi (Margherita), Fiorana Cavalli (Elena); Orchestra e Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Tullio Serafin - (Decca)
* 1973: Norman Treigle (Mefistofele), Plácido Domingo (Faust), Montserrat Caballé (Margherita/Elena); Ambrosian Opera Chorus, London Symphony Orchestra, Julius Rudel - (EMI Classics)
* 1982: Nicolai Ghiaurov (Mefistofele), Luciano Pavarotti (Faust), Mirella Freni (Margherita), Montserrat Caballé (Elena); London Opera Chorus, National Philharmonic Orchestra, Oliviero de Fabritiis - (Decca)

## References 
## Further reading 
*Ashbrook, William (1998), "*Mefistofele*", in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), *The New Grove Dictionary of Opera*, Vol. Three. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc.   
*Ashbrook, William (2001), in Holden, Amanda (Ed.), *The New Penguin Opera Guide*, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001. 
*Borovsky, Victor (1988), *Chaliapin*, New York: Knopf.  
*Harewood, Earl of and Antony Peattie (Eds.) (1997), ''The New Kobbe's Opera Book*, London: Ebury Press.  
*Sadie, Stanley, (Ed.)(1997), *The New Grove Book of Operas'' New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Robert Brian Wilson

**Robert Brian Wilson** (born March 8, 1962) is an American actor, singer, and voice artist. He is best known for portraying Billy Chapman in *Silent Night, Deadly Night* (1984).

## Other websites
*
Volcanoes of Kamchatka

The **volcanoes of Kamchatka** are a large group of volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula. 

The Kamchatka River and the surrounding central side valley are flanked by large volcanic belts. There are about 160&nbsp;volcanoes, 29&nbsp;of them still active. They are in the *six*  UNESCO World Heritage List sites in the Volcanoes of Kamchatka, most of them on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

]]

The highest volcano is Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4,750&nbsp;m or 15,584&nbsp;ft), the largest active volcano in the northern hemisphere. The most striking is Kronotsky, whose perfect cone was said by volcanologists Robert and Barbara Decker to be a prime candidate for the world's most beautiful volcano. 

In the center of Kamchatka is Eurasia's  world famous Geyser Valley which was partly destroyed by a massive mudslide in June 2007.

Deep seismic events and tsunamis are fairly common. Intense volcanism is caused by the subduction of the Pacific Plate. A pair of huge earthquakes occurred off the coast on October 16, 1737, and on November 4, 1952, in magnitudes ~9.3 and 8.2 respectively. More shallow earthquakes were recorded as recently as April 2006.

## References
Vietnam Airlines

**Vietnam Airlines** is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Vietnam. It was started by the government in 1956. Since June 2010, it has been a member of SkyTeam. As of 2015, Vietnam Airlines goes to 21 cities in Vietnam and 28 international cities. 

## References
Saudia

**Saudia** ( '**), formerly known as **Saudi Arabian Airlines** ( **') is the flag carrier and largest airline of Saudi Arabia, based in Jeddah. It was started in 1945 with the help of the United States government.  TWA managed the airline until the 1960s. The airline joined SkyTeam in May 2012. As of 2024, Saudia goes to more then 95 cities worldwide.

## Gallery

File:Boeing 747-2B4BM, Saudia - Saudi Arabian Airlines (Middle East Airlines - MEA) AN0586300.jpg|A Saudia Boeing 747 in 1979.
File:Saudia.jpg|A Airbus A320 with the *Saudi Arabian* titles.
File:192ae - Saudi Arabian Airlines Cargo MD-11F, HZ-ANC@STN,23.10.2002 - Flickr - Aero Icarus.jpg|One of Saudia's cargo aircraft.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bad Blood (Taylor Swift song)

**"Bad Blood"** is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song came from her fifth studio album *1989*. The album version of the song only has Swift as the vocalist on verses. The single version has a different instrumental and guest vocals from rapper Kendrick Lamar on verses.

## Writing and composition
Swift wrote "Bad Blood" about an undisclosed female artist. She says that the artist attempted to sabotage one of her concert tours by hiring people that worked for her (Swift). There are rumors from *Rolling Stone*, *Billboard*, *Time* and *Washington Post* that singer-songwriter Katy Perry is the subject of the song. The original album version of "Bad Blood" only has Swift singing.

## Commercial performance
"Bad Blood" first charted on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 for 2 weeks in November of 2014. It also charted in January of 2015 as an album cut from *1989*. It peaked at #78. After the music video premiere at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards, the remixed song with Kendrick Lamar re-entered the chart at #53 and #26 on the Digital Songs Chart. It sold over 47,000 digital copies. The song hit #1 on *Billboard* Hot 100 on the week ending May 24, 2015. It sold 385,000 copies. It became Taylor's fourth #1 single. It was also her third from *1989* (following "Shake It Off" and "Blank Space"). That made Taylor Swift the first artist since Adele to have three Hot 100 chart-toppers from the same record. It was also her fourth consecutive top-ten single from *1989*.

## Critical reception
The original album version of "Bad Blood" received mixed reviews from music critics. But, the remixed version of the song received mostly positive reviews. Much of the praise was for Lamar's guest verses and the reworked instrumental. George Seabrook, writing for *The Edge* in Southampton, England, gave the song four-and-a-half stars out of five. He praised the song for "Lamar’s simple, brutally effective verses". He also said that Swift and Lamar made "not just one more meaningless stunt collaboration, but a powerful new duo".

## Music video
The music video was directed by renowned director Joseph Kahn, with Swift producing it. He had also directed the music video for "Blank Space". The video was shot in Los Angeles on April 12, 2015. The setting for the video is the City of London. The music video premiered on May 17, 2015, at the start of the Billboard Music Awards.  Several friends of Swift are present in the music video, such as British singer-songwriter Ellie Goulding, American entertainer Selena Gomez, and American actresses Lena Dunham and Jessica Alba.  All members of the cast chose their own names for their characters.

## References
Sean O'Keefe

'''Sean Charles O'Keefe''' (born January 27, 1956) is an American politician. He is the former chairman of Airbus Group, Inc., former Secretary of the Navy, former Administrator of NASA, and former chancellor of Louisiana State University. He is a former member of DuPont's board of directors. 

## References
Loriini

**Lories** and **lorikeets** (tribe **Loriini**) are small to medium-sized arboreal parrots. They have special brush-tipped tongues to feed on nectar of blossoms and soft fruits, preferably berries. 

They are a monophyletic group in the parrot family Psittacidae. Sequence analysis and morphology show that the group is in the middle of other groups. 

They are widely distributed throughout the Australasian region, including south-eastern Asia, Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste and Australia, and the majority have very brightly coloured plumage.

Those studies show that the lories and lorikeets form a single group, closely related to the budgerigar and the fig parrots.

## References
James M. Beggs

**James Montgomery Beggs** (January 9, 1926 &ndash; April 23, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 6th Administrator of NASA.  He was nominated by President Reagan on June 1, 1981. Beggs took his oath of office and entered the post on July 10, 1981, serving until December 4, 1985.

Beggs died on April 23, 2020 at the age of 94 at his home in Bethesda, Maryland of congestive heart failure.

## References
## Other websites
**Portions of this article are based on public domain text from NASA .*
Robert Hossein

**Robert Hossein** ( 30 December 1927 &ndash; 31 December 2020) was a French movie actor, director, and writer of Iranian  and Uzbek origin. He directed the 1982 adaption of *Les Misérables*, and appeared in *Vice and Virtue*, *Le Casse*, *Les Uns et les Autres* and *Venus Beauty Institute*.

Hossein died on 31 December 2020 in Essey-lès-Nancy, France from COVID-19, one day after his 93rd birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*