open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sonic X-treme

***Sonic X-treme*** was a platform game developed by Sega Technical Institute. It was being developed from 1994 until Sega cancelled it in 1997. It was meant to be the first 3D *Sonic the Hedgehog* game. It was also meant to be the first new *Sonic* game for the Sega Saturn.

## Plot 
The story of the game was that Robotnik was trying to steal six magic rings from Tiara Boobowski and her father, so Sonic wants to stop him.

## Background 
When Nintendo released *Super Mario 64*, it was a popular 3D platformer, so Sega wanted to compete with Nintendo with their own 3D *Sonic* game.

## Development 
*Sonic X-treme* was originally developed for the Sega 32X under the name of ***Sonic Mars***, but after cancellation the game was slowly reworked into *Sonic X-treme*. The game was cancelled in 1997 because of development issues and the closure of SEGA Technical Institute. To make up for this, SEGA ported *Sonic 3D Blast* to the SEGA Saturn instead.
Shyamala Gopalan

**Shyamala Gopalan** (December 7, 1938 – February 11, 2009) was an India-born Tamil American civil rights activist and cancer researcher. She was the mother of Kamala Harris, the 49th Vice President of the United States. Gopalan conducted research in the Cancer Research Lab in UC Berkeley's Department of Zoology. Her research led to advancements in the knowledge of breast cancer hormones. Her work changed the progress on the research of the hormone-responsiveness of breast tissue.

She married Jamaican economics professor Donald J. Harris in 1963. They had two children named Kamala and Maya. Gopalan and Harris later divorced in 1971. She died from colon cancer in 2009, at 70 years old.

## References
Lorna Beal

**Lorna Beal** (*née* **Larter**; 28 November 1923 &ndash; 10 August 2020) was an Australian cricketer. She played seven Test matches for the Australian women's cricket team between 1948 and 1951.

Beal was born in Hawthorn, Victoria. She died in 2020 at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*Lorna Beal at CricketArchive
Virtute et armis

***Virtute et armis*** is a Latin phrase meaning "By valor and arms". It is the state motto of Mississippi. It may have come from the motto of Lord Gray De Wilton, "*virtute non armis fido*" ("I trust in virtue, not in arms"). 

## References
Christopher Knights

**Christopher Knights** is an English voice actor, film editor, and cinematographer. He is best known for providing the voice of Private the Penguin in *Madagascar*. He also worked on several DreamWorks movies such as *Shrek*, *Shrek 2*, *Shrek the Third* and *Shrek 4-D.* 

He started his filming career at Amblimation studios. He worked on ''We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story* and *Balto*. He started his editing and acting career at DreamWorks. He worked on the *Shrek'' series as an associate editor. He was also voice of the Three Blind Mice and Thelonious, Lord Farquaad's Henchman.

## Filmography
### Film Roles
* *Flushed Away* - Fat Barry, Market Trader
* *Madagascar* - Private
* ''Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted* - Private
* *Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa* - Private
* *Megamind* - Prison Guard
* *Shrek* - Blind Mouse, Thelonious
* *Shrek 2* - Blind Mouse
* *Shrek the Third* - Blind Mice, Evil Trees, Guards, Heckler
* *Shrek Forever After* - Three Blind Mice

### Video Game Roles
* *Madagascar: The Video Game'' - Construction Worker, Pedestrian, Private

## Other websites 
*
Euronews

**Euronews** is a European television news channel. It is headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. The channel broadcasts in 18 languages. 97.6% of the channel is owned by Alpac Capital, a company which belongs to the son of an advisor to Viktor Orbán, the leader of Hungary. The other 2.4% belongs to three state media companies: International Media Investments (IMI) of the United Arab Emirates, SNRT of Morocco, and PBS of Malta.

## History 
CNN helped make 24-hour TV news important after the Gulf War. The European Broadcasting Union answered this with the creation of their own news channel. Euronews started broadcasting on 1 January 1993, from Lyon, France, in five languages (English, French, German, Spanish and Italian). The channel was special in the news market because it had no presenters or studios, just videos showing the news. The channel's most important segment is "No Comment", which shows videos with no voice-over.

Later, the channel started broadcasting in Portuguese in 1999, in Russian in 2001, in Arabic in 2008, in Turkish and in Persian in 2010, in Ukrainian in 2011, in Greek in 2012, and in Hungarian in 2013.

In February 2015, Media Globe Networks, a company which belonged to Egyptian billionaire Naguib Sawiris, bought a 53% share of Euronews SA in a deal with the company. In January 2016, the channel started a sister network called Africanews, which is for the African news market, with a pan-African view. Euronews got a new logo on 17 May 2016.

In November 2016, NBCUniversal announced that they wanted to buy a share in the Euronews network. They also said that they would share news reports with the channel. The deal was agreed upon in February 2017, and it gave NBC a 25% share.

In May 2017, Euronews went from having one TV channel with 13 audio tracks, to 10 separate TV channels and 12 websites. This is part of a "*glocal*" idea. Now, every language edition can make their own offerings of local and global news. The Arabic service stopped TV broadcasting, and it is now only on social media and the Euronews website. The Persian service also stopped TV broadcasting, until June 2025. The Ukrainian service was closed too, because it did not have enough money.

In 2018, the English Euronews channel started its first news shows with live presenters. Soon, other Euronews language editions also started their own presented evening news shows.

In April 2020, NBC left the channel and gave its share to Media Globe Networks. MGN now owned 88% of Euronews.

In 2022, a holding company based in Lisbon named Alpac Capital bought MGN's share in Euronews. The company is controlled by the son of an advisor to Hungarian leader Viktor Orbán. Allegedly, the Hungarian government gave €45 million for the deal, which cost €150 million.

Euronews started a Polish-speaking service in 2025.

## Troubles 
On 12 April 2021, the government of Belarus banned Euronews (stopped the channel's broadcast) in the country. Russia did the same after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

## Related pages 
* State media

## References 
## Other websites 
* Euronews website
Supinfo

**SUPINFO International University**, formerly called "École Supérieure d'Informatique", is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of IONIS Education Group. It has been created in 1965. The school is recognized by the French State since 1972.

It offers a 5-year course in IT.

## References 
## Further reading 
* Official website
Tom McGrath

**Thomas McGrath** (born August 7, 1964) is an American voice actor, animator, screenwriter, and movie director. He co-wrote and directed the DreamWorks animated film *Madagascar*, with Eric Darnell. He voiced the character of Skipper the Penguin. 

## Filmography
### Short films 
### Television series 
### Feature films
### Video games 
## Staff work
* *Madagascar* - Director, Writer
* *Megamind* - Director, Writer
* *The Boss Baby* - Director, Writer

## References
Don't Forget the Lyrics!

'''''Don't Forget the Lyrics!''''' is an original formatting American sing-along game show that aired on Fox from July 11, 2007 to June 19, 2009 (secondary since May 23, 2022) after syndication from June 15, 2010 to May 27, 2011.
Innu

The **Innu** (or **Montagnais**) are an Indigenous people group who live in Quebec and Newfoundland.

They lived as hunter-gatherers. Then the Canadian government moved them away from their homeland and forced them to practice Western lifestyles.

## Lands 
The Innu call the territory they live in *Nitassinan* ("Our Land").

## History 
 people in the Labrador]]

The Canadian government forced the Innu to live in permanent communities instead of letting them practice their nomadic lifestyle. They also forced them to go to schools run by churches. In those schools, the Innu were not allowed to practice their religion or speak their language. Because of all the wrong things done to the Innu, they have a lot of social problems. On one hand, they lost a lot of knowledge about their traditional ways. On the other hand, the schools did not prepare them well enough to live in Western society and they still faced racism because they were Indigenous.
Thérèse Raquin

***Thérèse Raquin*** is a book by the French author Émile Zola. 

## Plot 
An orphan girl named Thérèse Raquin is sent to live with her aunt, Madame Raquin, and her cousin Camille, who is very "sick" with hypochondriasis. When Thérèse is 21, she marries Camille. The three of them then move to Paris.

Laurent, a childhood friend of Camille and an untalented artist, meets Thérèse. The two of them have an affair and plan to kill Camille so they can be with each other. They do this by pushing him off a boat into the Seine River. Everyone believes that Camille's drowning is an accident. Thérèse and Laurent then marry each other. However, they are haunted by their actions. Laurent becomes a talented artist but his paintings remind him of Camille.

Madame Raquin finds out that Thérèse and Laurent killed Camille when they argue with each other. However, she is paralyzed after a stroke and so cannot tell others.

Thérèse and Laurent hate each other. They plan to kill each other. Then they realize each other's plans and kill themselves with poison in front of Madame Raquin.

## Characters 
* Thérèse Raquin – the wife of Camille and the orphaned daughter of Madame Raquin's brother and an unknown African woman.
* Camille Raquin – Thérèse's husband and cousin.
* Madame Raquin – Camille's mother and Thérèse's aunt. She works as a shopkeeper.
* Laurent LeClaire – a childhood friend and coworker of Camille who seduces Thérèse.
* Michaud – the police commissioner and friend of Madame Raquin
* Olivier – Michaud's son who works at the police
* Suzanne – Olivier's wife
* Grivet – an employee of the Orléans Railroad Company, where Camille works
* François – the Raquins' cat

## References
Stonehaven derailment

The **Stonehaven derailment** was a railway accident. It happened at around 09:40 BST on 12 August 2020. It happened near Carmont. Carmont is west of Stonehaven. They are in Aberdeenshire, in Scotland. 

At least three people died. Six others were injured. It was the first train derailment in the United Kingdom to kill people since the Grayrigg derailment in February 2007.

It was the worst crash involving an InterCity 125 train since the Ufton Nervet collision. That was in 2004.

The accident was caused by a landslide. Mud slid onto the tracks.

## References
Le Robert

**Le Robert** is a town and the third-largest commune in the French overseas department of Martinique. It is located in the northeastern (Atlantic) side of the island of Martinique.

## References
## Other websites
*Mérimée database - Cultural heritage
Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi

**Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi** (born 1 or 5 October 1976 ; alternative transliterations **al-Qurayshi** and **al-Quraishi** &ndash; 3 February 2022) was the second leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant from 2019 until his death in 2022.

In January 2020, various news channels reported his true identity is **Amir Mohammed Abdul Rahman al-Mawli al-Salbi** (). His appointment by a shura council was announced by ISIL media on 31 October 2019, less than a week after the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Until his death, the U.S. Rewards for Justice Program offered up to $10 million reward to information that could get him arrested and sent to prison.

On 3 February 2022, it was reported by a U.S. official that al-Hashimi killed himself and members of his family by triggering a bomb during a raid by the United States Army.

Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi replaced him as the leader of ISIS.

## Notes
## References
Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape

The **Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape** is a World Heritage site. It includes select mining landscapes in Cornwall and West Devon. The site was added to the on July 2006. Plans to restart mining at South Crofty, and to build a supermarket at Hayle Harbour, caused its status to be questioned.

The World Heritage Committee considered placing the site on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2014. This proposal was rejected. Instead, they agreed on a follow-up "Reactive Monitoring Mission".

## History 
Devon made around 25-40% of the amount of tin that Cornwall did up to the mid-16th century. However, the total amount of tin made in both Cornwall and Devon at this time was relatively small. After the 1540s, Cornwall's production took off while Devon's production was only about between a ninth to a tenth of that of Cornwall.

From the mid-16th century onwards, the Devon Stannaries were giving very little in income to the King. They were sidelined  after the Supremacy of Parliament Act 1512.

The landscapes of Cornwall and West Devon were reshaped during the 18th and 19th centuries by the mining of copper and tin. The underground mines, engine houses, foundries, new towns, smallholdings, ports, harbours, and other supporting industries together meant the region  produced ''two-thirds of the world's supply of copper''. 

During the late 19th century, arsenic production came to the east of Cornwall and West Devon. As a result, the region supplied half the world’s demand. 
 near St&nbsp;Just, Cornwall]]

## Areas 
 in St&nbsp;Just Mining District]]

The World Heritage site consists of individual but topical linked areas around Cornwall and West Devon. The areas (with the area codes from the site nomination) are:

* A1 - St Just Mining District
* A2 - Port of Hayle
* A3i - Tregonning and Gwinear Mining District
* A3ii - Trewavas
* A4 - Wendron Mining District
* A5i - Camborne and Redruth Mining District
* A5ii - Wheal Peevor
* A5iii - Portreath Harbour
* A6i - Gwennap Mining District
* A6ii - Devoran and Perran Foundry
* A6iii - Kennall Vale
* A7 - St Agnes Mining District
* A8i - Luxulyan Valley
* A8ii - Charlestown
* A9 - Caradon Mining District
* A10i - Tamar Valley
* A10ii - Tavistock

## Ancient rocks, rare heavy elements 
Devon and Cornwall rocks were once in the core of huge volcanic mountains. Those rocks usually contain more heavy metallic elements than usually found on the Earth's surface. A recent news item says a new mineral was found in Cornwall called Kernowite.

Rocks from ocean floor mid-ocean ridges (oceanic lithosphere) may come to the surface under orogeny as ophiolites. Wherever there is a large ground-down mountain chain there may be a source of heavy metals.

## Related pages 
* List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom

## References 
## Other websites 
* UNESCO listing
* BBC – World Heritage site bid gets go-ahead
* Cornish Mining - World Heritage Status
Gordon J. Brand

**Gordon John Brand** (6 August 1955 – 11 August 2020) was an English professional golfer.

Brand turned professional in 1976 and enjoyed full playing privileges on the European Tour for 20 years. 

During his time on tour, he finished inside the top 30 on the Order of Merit seven times and inside the top 100 16 times. 

His highest ranking came in 1986, fifth place, in which year he finished as runner-up to Greg Norman in the Open Championship at Turnberry. In 1981, he won the Tooting Bec Cup after posting a round of 65. 
## Death
Brand died on 11 August 2020 five days after his 65th birthday following a short illness.

## References
Blaublitz Akita

is a Japanese professional football club in Akita Prefecture.

## History
The club was  in 1965.
*1965-2009 TDK SC
*2010-present Blaublitz Akita

## League position
*2007 : Football League - 13th
*2008 : Football League - 13th
*2009 : Football League - 10th
*2010 : Football League - 8th
*2011 : Football League - 14th
*2012 : Football League - 13th
*2013 : Football League - 8th
*2014 : J3 League - 8th
*2015 : J3 League - 8th
*2016 : J3 League - 4th
*2017 : J3 League - 1st
*2018 : J3 League - 8th
*2019 : J3 League - 8th
*2020 : J3 League - 1st

## Related pages 
* Sports in Japan
* List of Japanese football teams
* List of Blaublitz Akita players

## References 
## Other websites
* Blaublitz Akita website 
* J.League Club Guide
Belle du Berry

**Belle du Berry** (1966 – 11 August 2020) was a French singer-songwriter, and actress. She was born in Bourges, France. In 1992, she worked with Philippe Decouflé to choreograph the ballets for the opening of the 1992 Winter Olympics. She was known for being a member of the Paris Combo.

In 2009, du Berry wrote a collection of new songs with David Lewis as the trumpeter and pianist. 

Du Berry died of cancer in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre on 11 August 2020.

## References
François-Mathurin Gourvès

**François-Mathurin Gourvès** (17 June 1929 – 12 August 2020) was a French Roman Catholic bishop. He was Bishop of Vannes from 1991 to 2005, and was Bishop Emeritus from 2005 to 2020. He was born in Plougastel-Daoulas, France.

Gourvès died on 12 August 2020 in Saint-Anne-d'Auray, France at the age of 91.

## References
Geoffrey Nunberg

**Geoffrey Nunberg** (June 1, 1945– August 11, 2020) was an American semantician and author. 

In 2001 he received the Linguistics, Language, and the Public Interest Award from the Linguistic Society of America for his works to National Public Radio's *Fresh Air*.

He published many popular press books including *Going Nucular: Language, Politics and Culture in Controversial Times* (2004). 

Nunberg began working as a postdoctoral scholar at the University of California Berkeley and visiting professor at Stanford University. In the mid-1980s he moved to the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center where he worked until 2001.

Nunberg died August 11, 2020 from glioblastoma at his home in San Francisco at the age of 75.

## References
Francisco José Cox

**Francisco José Cox Huneeus** (18 December 1933 &ndash; 12 August 2020) was a Chilean archbishop of the Catholic Church. He was a member of Schoenstatt Movement. He was Bishop of Chillán from 1975 to 1981 and Coadjutor Archbishop of La Serena from 1985 to 1990 and Archbishop there from 1990 to 1997. He resigned following accusations that he had sexual abused young boys. He was born in Santiago de Chile.

Cox died on 12 August 2020 in Santiago de Chile, aged 86.

## References
Walter Carrington

**Walter C. Carrington** (July 24, 1930 – August 11, 2020) was an American diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Senegal and Nigeria. He worked during the presidencies of Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton. He was ambassador to Senegal between 1980 to 1981 and to Nigeria between 1993 to 1997. He was born in New York City.

Carrington died on August 11, 2020 at the age of 90.

## References
Howard Mudd

**Howard Edward Mudd** (February 10, 1942 – August 12, 2020) was an American football offensive lineman and coach. He was born in Midland, Michigan. Mudd played football for Hillsdale College from 1960 to 1963. 

He then played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers and Chicago Bears from 1964 to 1970. Mudd was a three-time Pro Bowler, in 1966, 1967, and 1968. He retired in 1971. He began his coaching career at the University of California the following year. 

From 1998 to 2009, he was the offensive line coach for the Indianapolis Colts.

Mudd was killed in a motorcycle crash in Seattle, Washington on August 12, 2020 at the age of 78.

## References
Bill Yeoman

**William Frank Yeoman** (December 26, 1927 &ndash; August 12, 2020) was an American college football player and coach. His career began in 1962. He was the University of Houston's head coach, holding the position through 1986. In his tenure, he became the most successfull coach in school history, with an overall record of 160–108–8. 

He was also helped racial integration of collegiate athletics in the South by being the first coach at a white school in the State of Texas to sign a black player.

Yeoman was born in Elnora, Indiana. He died on August 12, 2020 at the age of 92 from kidney failure and pneumonia in Houston, Texas.

## Notes
Elnora, Indiana

**Elnora** is a town in Elmore Township, Daviess County, Indiana, United States. The population was 631 at the 2020 census.

## References
Elmore Township, Daviess County, Indiana

**Elmore Township** is one of ten townships in Daviess County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,120.

## References
Can't Help Falling in Love

"'''Can't Help Falling in Love'*" is a 1961 song recorded by American singer Elvis Presley for the album *Blue Hawaii'' (1961). It was written by Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore, and George David Weiss. It was published by Gladys Music, Inc.

The melody is based on "Plaisir d'amour". 

The song was originally written for a woman as "Can't Help Falling in Love with Him", which explains the first and third line ending on "in" and "sin" instead of words rhyming with "you".

In the United States, the song was at No. 2 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 behind Joey Dee and the Starliters' "Peppermint Twist" and went to No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart for six weeks. This song was also the last song he performed live, at his concert in Indianapolis in June 1977.

"Can't Help Falling in Love" was used in Presley's 1961 movie *Blue Hawaii*. It is seen as one of the greatest songs by *Rolling Stone* in 2012. According to a 2020 survey, the song is the most popular choice for couples as the song for the first dance at their wedding.

## References
Haley Reinhart

**Haley Elizabeth Reinhart** (born September 9, 1990) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. 

She is known for placing third in the tenth season of *American Idol*. In July 2011, Reinhart signed a recording deal with Interscope Records. 

Her debut album *Listen Up!* was released on May 22, 2012. She became the first *American Idol* alumna to perform at Lollapalooza.

## References
Ray Walker (singer)

**Ray Walker** (born March 16, 1934) is an American singer and musician. He is a member of the singing group The Jordanaires. Walker has been the bass singer for the group since 1958. During his tenure with The Jordanaires, the group was added into the Country Music Hall of Fame. 

## References
The Jordanaires

**The Jordanaires** were an American vocal quartet that formed as a gospel group in 1948. They are known for providing background vocals for Elvis Presley, in live appearances and recordings from 1956 to 1972. 

The group has also worked in the recording studio, on stage, and on television with many other country and rock and roll artists.

## Original members
* Hoyt Hawkins – baritone and lead vocals, piano, organ, percussion (1949-1980; died 1980)
* Neal Matthews Jr. — second tenor and lead vocals, rhythm guitar, lead guitar, double bass, bass guitar (1949–2000; died 2000)
* Gordon Stoker – tenor vocals, piano, organ, percussion (1951-2013; died 2013)
* Ray Walker – bass vocals (1958-2013)

## References
Mónica Miguel

**Mónica Luiza Miguel** (13 March 1936 – 12 August 2020) was a Mexican actress, telenovela director and singer. She was born in Tepic, Nayarit. She was known for her acting roles in *I Dream in Another Language*, *Más allá del puente* and *Under Fire*. She directed episodes of *Teresa*.

Miguel died on 12 August 2020 in Mexico City from cancer-related problems, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ramapo, New York

**Ramapo** is a town in Rockland County, New York, United States.  It was originally formed as **New Hampstead**, in 1791. It shares its name with the Ramapo River. As of the 2020 census, Ramapo had a total population of 148,919.

## References
Spring Valley, New York

**Spring Valley** is a suburb of New York City. It is a village in the towns of Ramapo and Clarkstown in Rockland County, New York, United States.

## References
Spanish naming customs

**Spanish naming customs** are traditions for naming children as used in Spain. 

A person's name consists of a given name (simple or composite) followed by two surnames. Historically, ''the first surname was the father's first surname'', and the second the mother's first surname. 

In recent years, the order of the surnames in a family is done when registering the first child. However, the traditional order is still largely the choice. Often, the practice is to use one given name and the first surname most of the time (e.g. "Miguel de Unamuno" for Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo). The complete name being usually reserved for legal, formal, and documentary matters. 

Both surnames are sometimes used when the first surname is very common (e.g., Federico García Lorca, Pablo Ruiz Picasso or José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero) to get a more customized name. In these cases, it is even common to use only the second surname, as in "Lorca", "Picasso" or "Zapatero". This does not affect alphabetization: "Lorca", the Spanish poet, must be alphabetized in an index under "García Lorca" and not "Lorca".

## References
Carlo Rolandi

**Carlo Rolandi** (2 July 1926 &ndash; 8 August 2020) was an Italian sailor. With Agostino Straulino, he finished 4th in the Star competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Naples. Rolandi was the president of the Italian Sailing Federation from 1981 to 1988.

Rolandi died on 8 August 2020, aged 94.

## References
Jefferson (proposed Pacific state)

The **State of Jefferson** is a proposed U.S. state that would span mostly rural area of southern Oregon and northern California.

This region on the Pacific Coast is the most famous of several that have sought to adopt the name of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. This chosen for the words penned by the same man in the Declaration of Independence which reads that there is a “social contract” between the government and the people. The Jefferson movement believes that this social contract has been broken by Oregon and California.  

This region makes up most of Northern California's land but does not include San Francisco or other Bay Area counties that account for the majority of Northern California's population. It also takes up a good amount of Southern Oregon’s land and population as well. 

If the proposal were ever approved, the new state's capital city would have to be determined by a constitutional convention. Yreka, California, was named the provisional capital in the original 1941 proposal. Port Orford, Oregon and Redding, California are some other possible capital city ideas. Medford, Oregon is another possible idea thanks to its size and services. 

## References
Port Orford, Oregon

**Port Orford** (Tolowa: tr’ee-ghi~’- ’an’ ) is a city in Curry County on the southern coast of Oregon, United States. The population was 1,146 at the 2020 census.

## References
Bob Moore

**Bob Loyce Moore** (November 30, 1932 &ndash; September 22, 2021) was an American session musician, orchestra leader, and bassist. He was a member of the Nashville A-Team during the 1950s and 1960s. 

He performed on over 17,000 documented recording sessions with many popular singers such as with Elvis Presley and Roy Orbison. He is also the father of multi-instrumentalist R. Stevie Moore.

He died on September 22, 2021, at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*Tribute site by Moore's son, R. Stevie Moore
*Bob Moore and Grady Martin tribute site 
*Interview with Bob Moore for the NAMM Oral History Program June 18, 2008
Stan Statham

**Stan Statham** (April 7, 1939 &ndash; August 1, 2020) was an American television news anchor, activist and politician. He was born in Chico, California. He was elected as a Republican to the California State Assembly in 1976. He retired in 1994. Statham was known as a supporter of the State of Jefferson.

Statham died on August 1, 2020, aged 81.

## References
Twentieth Century (movie)

***Twentieth Century*** is a 1934 American romantic comedy movie directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Barrymore, Carole Lombard, Walter Connolly, Roscoe Karns, Charles Lane, Etienne Girardot, Edgar Kennedy. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.  The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011.

## Other websites
*
* 
*
Zweifel's big-eyed tree frog

'''Zweifel's big-eyed tree frog'* (*Litoria zweifeli'')  is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea.  It lives in forests and wetlands not near the ocean.

Some scientists, for example Paul Menzies, say this frog is closely related to Grant's big-eyed tree frog.  Zweifel described, or wrote the first formal papers about, many other frogs and wrote many studies about frogs and other amphibians.

## References
St Martin's Church, Canterbury

The **Church of St Martin** is an old Church of England in Canterbury, England. It is best known as having the longest continuous history as a parish church in the English-speaking world. It is often known as "The first church founded in England". Although there were already Roman and Celtic churches had existed for centuries. Together with the Canterbury Cathedral and St Augustine's Abbey, they are part of a World Heritage Site.

Since 1668 the church has been part of the benefice of St Martin and St Paul Canterbury. Both St Martin's and nearby St Paul's churches are used for weekly services. The current rector of the parish is the Reverend Mark Richard Griffin.

## Early history 
St Martin's was the private chapel of Queen Bertha of Kent (died in or after 601). Queen Bertha was a Christian Frankish princess who arrived in England with her chaplain, Bishop Liudhard. Her pagan husband, King Æthelberht of Kent, let her to continue to practise her religion by renovating (ca. AD 580) an existing church. As Bede named it, this church was dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours. It is the city located near where Bertha grew up.

Upon Augustine's arrival, he used St Martin's as his mission headquarters. King Æthelberht was baptised here. When Canterbury Cathedral and St Augustine's Abbey were established, St Martin's lost its initial prestige. However, it still remains of historical importance.

## Architecture 
Local finds prove that Christianity did exist in this area of the city at the time. The church contains many reused Roman bricks or spolia. It also has complete sections of walls of Roman tiles. At the core of the church the brick remains of a Roman tomb were integrated into the structure. Several sections of walls are clearly very early. It is possible that a blocked square-headed doorway in the chancel was the entrance to Bertha's church. Meanwhile, other sections of wall come from the period after the Gregorian mission in the 7th or 8th centuries. The apse that was originally at the east end has been removed. The tower came much later, in Perpendicular style. The church is a Grade I listed building. 

## References 
### Notes 
* F. Haverfield, "Early British Christianity" *The English Historical Review* Vol. 11, No. 43. (Jul., 1896)
* Service, Alastair, *The Buildings of Britain, A Guide and Gazetteer, Anglo-Saxon and Norman*, 1982, Barrie & Jenkins (London), 

## Other websites 
* Canterbury Buildings
* Website of St Martin's Church
* Triadic UNESCO World Heritage property, "Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church"
Treaty of Lambeth (1212)

The **Treaty of Lambeth** was signed on 4 May 1212 by King John of England and several French counts. The Treaty of Lambeth of 1212 should not be confused with the Treaty of Lambeth of 1217, also known as the Treaty of Kingston.

By 1212 John had lost his Angevin possessions in France. Renaud lands had also been seized by King Philip II of France. Renaud brought other continental nobles, including Ferdinand, into a coalition against Philip. In return he was given several fiefs in England and an annuity. In the treaty agreed on 4 May 1212, each prince promised not to make a separate peace with France.

This treaty was part of England's retreat from France, and the collecting of all France under the rule of its king. Previously, under the conquering English kings from Normandy, the Norman kings had ruled over large parts of what is now France.

## References
T'Pau

'''T'Pau'* are an English pop-rock band. They formed in Shrewsbury, England in 1986. Carol Decker is the lead singer for the band. They had a number of top 40 hits around the United Kingdom and United States. They were "Heart and Soul", "China in Your Hand" and "Valentine".

Their first hit was the 1987 pop-rock ballad "Heart and Soul". It was did badly at first in the UK charts. It became a hit on the United States *Billboard* Hot 100. It hit #4 after being shown in a Pepe Jeans advertisement. It repeated the upswing on the UK Singles Chart. 

Their first album, *Bridge of Spies'' (called TPau in the USA) hit #1 in the UK and went quadruple platinum.

## References
Martika

**Marta Merrero** (born May 18, 1969), also known as **Martika** is an American singer and actress. She had an uncredited role in the movie *Annie*. Later, she acted as Gloria on the television program ''Kids Incorporated.

In 1988, Martika had a self-tited studio album. From the album was her United States #1 hit pop ballad, "Toy Soldiers", in 1989. It was certified Gold. The song also hit #5 in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany and Australia.

Martika was born in Whittier, California under Cuban parents.

## References
NGC 4754

**NGC 4754** is a barred lenticular galaxy in the Virgo constellation. It was discovered on March 15, 1784 by astronomer William Herschel.

## References
Sugar apple

The **sugar apple** (*Annona squamosa*) is a species of fruit in the Annonaceae family. It is a relative of the custard apple. It grows better in tropical lowland climates better than the custard apple or *Annona reticulata*.

## References
Harvey D. Williams

**Harvey Dean Williams Sr.** (July 30, 1930 – August 7, 2020) was a United States Army major general. He was the first African-American post commander of Fort Myer. 

He was the Deputy Inspector General of the U.S. Army in 1980. He was a commander in the Korean War and Vietnam War. He was born in Whiteville, North Carolina.

Williams died from Parkinson's disease on August 7, 2020 in Germantown, Maryland at the age of 90.

## References
Germantown, Maryland

**Germantown** is an urbanized census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. With a population of 91,249 as of 2020, Germantown is the third most populous place in Maryland, after the city of Baltimore, and the census-designated place of Columbia.

## References
Hahoe Folk Village

**Hahoe Folk Village** is a village in South Korea.  It has buildings and other things that were built in the Joseon Dynasty or that have been rebuilt in the same style.  Hahoe Village hosts cultural events, including traditional mask dances.  It is in the city of Andong, in North Gyeongsang Province.  It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The people who built the town used Confucian philosophy and the clan system to decide where to put each building and road.  The clan system was very important in Korea during the Joseon Dynasty.  Some of the houses are made of wood and some are made of mud.  Some of the houses have tile roofs and some have thatched roofs.  Some of the buildings are made of traditional materials and some have been rebuilt with modern materials.  There is a 600 year old zelkova tree in the village.  People have named the tree "Samsindang," and there is a shrine next to it.  Unlike many homes in South Korea, which face south, the houses in Hahoe Village face the tree.

People still live in Hahoe Folk Village.  Many of them are members of the Ryu clan who have lived there since the 1400s. There are about 127 households in Hahoe Folk Village.  Some of them still have a *jongga* or head of the family and practice ancestor worship in the Confucian way.

Hahoe Folk Village is known for its traditional outdoor mask performances.  Most traditional masks in Korea are made out of calabash and are used only once.  Masks in Hahoe are made from wood, usually alder wood, and are reused many times.

Hahoe Folk Village also hosts Seonyu Julbul Nori.  On the birthday of the spiritual leader Buddha, people ride down the Nakdong River in boats.  People read poetry.  There is also a display called line fire. This is a special way of lighting fireworks.  Mulberry tree charcoal is put in long pouches that are tied every few centimeters on their length.  The pouches are attached to a rope made of straw, one pouch every five meters.  The rope is long enough to go between two trees.  One end of one charcoal pouch is lit, and it takes a long time for all the charcoal to burn down the whole length of the rope.

The name "Hahoe" comes from "ha" for "river" and "hoe" for "turn around" in Korean.  The village is built right where the Nakdong River turns around.  

In 2020, the village added a traditional brushwood bridge near Hahoe Folk Village.

Queen Elizabeth II visited Hahoe Folk village in 2019.

## References
## Other websites
*Hahoe Folk Village Official Site
Inaccessible Island

**Inaccessible Island** is an extinct volcano. It was last active six million years ago. Together with Gough Island, Inaccessible Island is a protected wildlife reserve, both make up the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Gough and Inaccessible Islands. Inaccessible Island is home to the endemic Inaccessible Island rail, the world's smallest extant flightless bird.

Inaccessible Island is part of the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha. It is part of the overseas territory of the United Kingdom known as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Tristan da Cunha itself is accessible only by sea via a seven-day sail from Cape Town, South Africa, by landing during the 60 days of the year that the harbor allows for access to the island.

## Geography 
The island is approximately  to the southwest of the main island of the Tristan da Cunha archipelago. Mostly bare and inhospitable, the island has one small landing site named Port David on the northwesternmost point.

The island is  in area. It is between South Atlantic Ocean  south-west of Tristan da Cunha. Inaccessible Island is bordering with sheer sea cliffs, but one can landed on it through a few boulder beaches. Generations of sailors were wary of the difficult landings and inhospitable terrain. Inaccessible Island does not have any permanent inhabitants since 1873.

## In popular culture 
* Edgar Allan Poe's *The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket* alluded to Nightingale Island, Inaccessible Island, and Tristan da Cunha.
* In Patrick O'Brian's *The Thirteen Gun Salute* (1989), pp.&nbsp;120–29, Captain Aubrey's ship *Diane*, in a dead calm, is carried toward Inaccessible Island by the inshore current. One of the sailors recounts the wreck of a whaling ship that he witnessed when it was lost with all hands in similar conditions. Only a fortunate breeze saves Aubrey's ship. The episode is depicted in the cover painting of the book showing the towering cliffs plunging directly into the sea.
* "Sea Lion", the pseudonym of "a serving naval officer" (Geoffrey Martin Bennett), wrote *The Phantom Fleet* (1946), a novel that was predicated on the supposition that Inaccessible Island contained a natural harbour, the entrance to which was concealed from the sea. The antagonists were assembling a fleet of obsolescent warships in this harbour, with the intention of striking a coup de main leading to world domination, a scheme foiled by the derring-do of a naval officer and the guns of the Royal Navy.
* Eric Newby passed within sight of Inaccessible Island on his 1938/1939 voyage from Ireland to Australia aboard *Moshulu.* It was chronicled in his books *The Last Grain Race* and *Learning the Ropes*. Inaccessible Island was the only land the crew saw on the voyage, until reaching Australia, and was therefore a cause for some excitement.
* Daniel Suarez's 2014 novel *Influx* refers to this island as the location of the underground prison 'Hibernity'.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Inaccessible Island: Tristan da Cunha website
Parliament of Egypt

The **Parliament of Egypt**, officially the **House of Representatives** ( ) is currently a unicameral legislature (though the approval of the 2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum will create a second chamber, called the Senate).

## References
Limes (Roman Empire)

*Limes* (plural *limites*) is a modern term used for the Roman border defence in Germany. It marks the borders of the Roman Empire, though it was not used by the Romans for this purpose. 

The term has been extended to refer to the frontier defences in other parts of the empire, such as in the east and in Africa. It is used by the World Heritage site bureaucracy to include the two walls in Britain, the Antonine Wall and Hadrian's Wall.

The Limes is often associated with Roman forts, but it could apply to any area near the walls where the Romans exercised loose control with military forces.

## References
Small Maracanazo

The **Small Maracanazo** was an historical football match, played in 1971 between the Champion teams of Venezuela and Brazil in Rio de Janeiro.

## History
In 1971, the Deportivo Italia, Venezuela's Champion of the 1971 season (and the team of the Italians of Venezuela), defeated the Fluminense FC, Champion of Brazil, 1:0 (with a goal done by central defender Tenorio) at the Maracana stadium.

The Caracas daily 'El Universal' wrote that:

*... the night of 3 March 1971 will never be forgotten by the fans of Fluminense, who followed on radio and television the match against Deportivo Italia. More than 26,000 people went to the Maracana. The modest Venezuelan team, thrashed in their own field in the previous match, did what no none could do for over a year, not even the powerful Brazilian teams: defeat the Fluminense in their Maracana. That fateful night, Deportivo Italia achieved the victory more enjoyable in the Venezuelan national football history, winning in the largest stadium in the world the Champion of Brazil..*

The Deportivo Italia – under the direct supervision of Mino D'Ambrosio (who ruled the team with his brother Pompeo D'Ambrosio)– that night went to the match with Vito Fasano (who for his performance was recruited in Brazil, Vito is Italian) as goalkeeper. At the defence there were Carlos "Chiquichagua" Marín, Tenorio, Vincente Arrud and Freddy Elie, while as midfielders Delman "Pito" Useche, Negri and Rui. In the attack played Alcyr (who was replaced by Bahia), Beto and Militello.
In the magazine "Incontri" of Caracas, Bruno D'Ambrosio (grandson of Mino who attended the match) wrote that in the final half hour the goalkeeper Vito Fassano did miracles: three hits to the poles helped him, but while two knocked externally the door defended by Fassano, the third would have been goal if the goalkeeper had not deflected it with his fingers stretching in an incredible way. Fassano made the best game of his life, according to sport journalists.

When the Deportivo Italia went back to Venezuela, the players were welcomed by the Italian supporters of the team with one week of celebrations: the victory it is still considered the best achievement -in the football world history- by a Venezuela team. Furthermore, the victory was the most famous achievement of the D'ambrosio brothers (Mino and Pompeo) rule of the team in the sixties and seventies of the XX century.

## Match data
The match was played in the worldwide famous Maracanã Stadium of Rio de Janeiro. Over 50000 supporters of the Fluminense saw (in the stadium and outside) their team defeated 1 - 0 by the modest team from Caracas. All the sport-media in Latinoamerica were shocked, because the Fluminense was trained by Lobo Zagalo who had just won the World football Cup in 1970. One of the owners of the Fluminense died of heart attack during the final minutes of the match.

## Notes
## Related pages
* Deportivo Italia (1948-2010)
* Fluminense F.C.
Alfred Püls

**Alfred Püls** (12 August 1933 &ndash; 10 August 2020) was an Austrian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournaments at the 1956 Winter Olympics and the 1964 Winter Olympics. He was born in Innsbruck, Austria.

Püls died on 10 August 2020 at the age of 86.

## References
Tecate Municipality

**Tecate** is a municipality in the Mexican state of Baja California. Its municipal seat is located in the city of Tecate. According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 101,079. 

Here is a list of the seven Municipalities of Baja California.

## References
Russell A. Kirsch

**Russell A. Kirsch** (June 20, 1929August 11, 2020) was an American engineer and computer scientist. He worked at the National Bureau of Standards (now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology).  He was known as the inventor of the pixel.  He also developed the first digital image scanner.

Kirsch died on August 11, 2020 at his home in Portland, Oregon from Alzheimer's disease-related problems, aged 91. 

## References
Protea cynaroides

***Protea cynaroides*** (also known as king protea, giant protea, royal sugar bush, or honey pot) is a flower.  It is the largest member of the Protea genus and is part of the fynbos. The plant mainly grows in South Africa, particularly from the Cederberg to Port Elizabeth. The king protea is the national flower of South Africa. 

The shrub has more than one stem and grows up to 2 m in diameter and also up to 2 m high. It blooms throughout the year.

The plant sprouts again after a fire. The seeds are dispersed by the wind and the plant is unisexual. The activities of birds are responsible for its pollination. The plant grows in sandstone soil at altitudes of 0 - 1 500 m.

## References
Pavol Biroš

**Pavol Biroš** (1 April 1953 – 13 August 2020) was a Czechoslovak football player. He played as a defender. He was born in Prešov, Czechoslovakia.

During his club career he played for Slavia Prague and Tatran Prešov. 

Biroš made a total of 212 appearances in the Czechoslovak First League, scoring once. He earned 9 caps for the Czechoslovakia national football team.

Biroš died on 13 August 2020 in Prešov from heart disease, aged 67.

## References
Don Edmunds

**Don Edmunds** (September 23, 1930 – August 12, 2020) was an American racecar driver and car builder. He was born in Santa Ana, California. He had his first start at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 1957. He won the 1957 Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year. He founded Autoresearch, Inc. in Anaheim, California.

Edmunds died on August 12, 2020 at the age of 89.

## References
Oscar Baylón Chacón

**Oscar Baylón Chacón** (1929 &ndash; August 10, 2020) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He was Governor of Baja California in 1989. He was also mayor of the Tecate Municipality between 1959 to 1962. Baylón Chacón was born in Chihuahua, Chihuahua.

Baylón Chacón died from stroke-related problems on August 10, 2020 in Tijuana at the age of 90.

## References
Gian Carlo Vacchelli

**Gian Carlo Vacchelli Corbetto** (December 16, 1981 – August 12, 2020) was a Peruvian sports commentator and politician. He presented the sports program *El ángel del deporte* (2008–09). Between 2011 and 2016, Vacchelli was a Force 2011 member of the Congress of the Republic of Peru for the district of Lima. He lost his re-election bid in 2016. 

Vacchelli had osteogenesis imperfecta and used a wheelchair. He died of cardiac arrest in Lima on August 12, 2020 at the age of 38.

## References
Michel Dumont

**Michel Dumont**  (29 January 1941 – 13 August 2020) was a Canadian actor. He was the artistic director for the Théâtre Jean-Duceppe in Montreal from 1991 to 2018. He was known for his movie roles in *Chocolate Eclair* (1979), *Without Her* (2005) and *Café de Flore* (2011).

Dumont died on 13 August 2020 of lung cancer in Montreal at the age of 79.

## References
Essam el-Erian

Dr. **Essam Mohamed Hussein el-Erian** () (28 April 1954 – 13 August 2020) was an Egyptian physician and politician. He was the vice chairman of the Freedom And Justice party. Between 2011 and 2013, he was a member of the Parliament of Egypt.

After the 2013 Egyptian coup, prosecutors ordered his arrest on 10 July 2013. On 14 July 2013, Egypt's new prosecutor general Hisham Barakat ordered his assets to be frozen. El-Erian was arrested by the government on 30 October 2013.

El-Erian died of a heart attack while in prison in Cairo on 13 August 2020, aged 66.

## References