June 25

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
*253 &ndash; Pope Cornelius is executed by beheading.
*524 &ndash; The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vezeronce.
*841 &ndash; Battle of Fontenay: Forces lead by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.
*1530 &ndash; At the Diet of Augsburg, the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and electors of Germany.
*1658 &ndash; Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.
*1678 &ndash; Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia becomes the first woman to get a Doctorate of Philosophy, graduating from the University of Padua.
*1741 &ndash; Maria Theresa of Austria is crowned Queen of Hungary.
*1786 &ndash; Gavriil Pribylov discovers Saint George Island in the Pribilof Islands (now belonging to Alaska, US) in the Bering Sea.
*1788 &ndash; Virginia ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted as the 10th state of the United States.
*1876 &ndash; Battle of the Little Big Horn and the death of Colonel George Armstrong Custer.
*1888 &ndash; Fire destroys Sundsvall, Sweden.
*1900 &ndash; Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts of great historical significance, in the Magao Caves at Dunhuang, China.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
*1903 &ndash; Marie Curie announces the discovery of radium.
*1910 &ndash; Igor Stravinsky's ballet "The Firebird" is first performed in Paris.
*1935 &ndash; Colombia and the Soviet Union establish diplomatic relations.
*1938 &ndash; Dr. Douglas Hyde is elected the first President of Ireland.
*1940 &ndash; World War II: France officially surrenders to Germany.
*1943 &ndash; The Holocaust: Jews in the Czestochowa Ghetto in Poland stage an uprising against the Nazis.
*1944 &ndash; World War II: The Nordic countries' biggest battle of the war, of Tali-Ihantala, begins.
*1945 &ndash; Seán T. O'Kelly is elected the second President of Ireland.
*1947 &ndash; The Diary of a Young Girl (Diary of Anne Frank) is first published.
*1948 &ndash; The Berlin airlift begins.
*1949 &ndash; "Long-Haired Hare", starring Bugs Bunny, is released in theatres.
*1950 &ndash; The beginning of the Korean War.
*1953 &ndash; In the UK, the murderer John Christie is sentenced to death.
*1959 &ndash; Éamon de Valera is elected the third President of Ireland.
*1960 &ndash; Two cryptographers  working on the US National Security Agency leave for vacation in Mexico, and from there they defect to the Soviet Union.
*1967 &ndash; First global satellite television programme – "Our World".
*1973 &ndash; Erskine Hamilton Childers is elected the fourth President of Ireland.
*1975 &ndash; Mozambique gains independence from Portugal.
*1975 &ndash; A State of Emergency is declared in India.
*1976 &ndash; A magnitude 7.1 earthquake in New Guinea kills 422 people.
*1978 &ndash; The Rainbow flag for Gay pride is flown for the first time in San Francisco.
*1978 &ndash; Argentina wins the FIFA World Cup, beating the Netherlands 3–1 in extra time.
*1981 &ndash; Microsoft is restructured to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington.
*1982 &ndash; A match-fixing scandal erupts after West Germany and Austria both qualify from the group stage of the 1982 FIFA World Cup in a very slow-paced match, at Algeria's expense.
*1982 &ndash; Greece abolishes headshaving of the recruits in the military.
*1988 &ndash; In West Germany, the Netherlands wins the UEFA European Championship, defeating the Soviet Union 2–0. In the game, Dutch striker Marco van Basten scores a goal that is widely considered to be the best in European Championship history.
*1991 &ndash; Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence from Yugoslavia.
*1993 &ndash; David Letterman airs his last episode of *Late Night with David Letterman*.
*1993 &ndash; Kim Campbell is chosen as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and becomes the first female Prime Minister of Canada.
*1993 &ndash; Tansu Ciller becomes the first female Prime Minister of Turkey.
*1993 &ndash; Vienna Declaration is adopted by World Conference on Human Rights.
*1996 &ndash; Khobar Towers bombing leaves 19 U.S. servicemen dead in Saudi Arabia.
*1997 &ndash; The Soufriere Hills volcano on Montserrat erupts, killing 19 people.
*1997 &ndash; An unmanned Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian Space Station Mir.
*1998 &ndash; Microsoft Windows 98 is released.
*1998 &ndash; In *Clinton v. City of New York*, the United States Supreme Court decides that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 is unconstitutional.
*1999 &ndash; The American soap opera *Another World* airs its 8891st and final episode.

### From 2001 
*2001 &ndash; A typhoon strikes Fujian province of China, killing over 100 people.
*2006 &ndash; Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit is kidnapped by Palestinian militants.
*2007 &ndash; British soldiers leave Northern Ireland after 37 years.
*2009 &ndash; Pop star Michael Jackson dies suddenly, aged 50, leading to a worldwide outpouring of grief.
*2013 &ndash; Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani becomes the 8th Emir of Qatar.
*2014 &ndash; An explosion in Abuja, Nigeria, kills over 20 people.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
*1242 &ndash; Beatrice of England, Duchess of Brittany (d. 1275)
*1328 &ndash; William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (d. 1397)
*1373 &ndash; Joanna II of Naples (d. 1435)
*1560 &ndash; Wilhelm Fabry, German surgeon (d. 1634)
*1568 &ndash; Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597)
*1612 &ndash; John Albert Vasa, Polish bishop (d. 1634)
*1646 &ndash; Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia, Italian philosopher (d. 1684)
*1715 &ndash; Jean-François Foulon, French politician (d. 1789)
*1726 &ndash; Thomas Pennant, British naturalist (d. 1798)
*1755 &ndash; Princess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia (d. 1776)
*1768 &ndash; Lazare Hoche, French general (d. 1797)
*1799 &ndash; David Douglas, Scottish botanist (d. 1834)
*1821 &ndash; Bartolomé Mitre, President of Argentina (d. 1906)
*1825 &ndash; James Farnell, Australian politician, 8th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1888)
*1842 &ndash; Eloy Alfaro, 15th President of Ecuador (d. 1912)
*1852 &ndash; Antoni Gaudí, Catalan architect (d. 1926)
*1858 &ndash; Georges Courteline, French dramatist (d. 1929)
*1860 &ndash; Gustave Charpentier, French composer (d. 1956)
*1863 &ndash; Emile Francqui, Belgian soldier and diplomat (d. 1935)
*1864 &ndash; Walther Nernst, German chemist and physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1941)
*1865 &ndash; Robert Henri, painter (d. 1929)
*1870 &ndash; Yi Jun-yong, Korean Joseon Dynasty politician (d. 1917)
*1884 &ndash; Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, German art promoter (d. 1979)
*1886 &ndash; Henry H. Arnold, American general (d. 1950)
*1887 &ndash; Frigyes Karinthy, Hungarian writer and journalist (d. 1938)
*1887 &ndash; George Abbott, American playwright, screenwriter, producer, director and actor (d. 1995)
*1894 &ndash; Hermann Oberth, physicist (d. 1989)
*1896 &ndash; Alfred Anderson, Scottish centenarian and World War I veteran (d. 2005)
*1900 &ndash; Marta Abba, Italian actress (d. 1988)
*1900 &ndash; Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (d. 1979)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
*1902 &ndash; Prince Chichibu of Japan (d. 1953)
*1903 &ndash; George Orwell, English writer (d. 1950)
*1903 &ndash; Anne Revere, American actress (d. 1990)
*1903 &ndash; Bob Skelton, American swimmer (d. 1977)
*1904 &ndash; Vladimir Kokkinaki, Russian test pilot (d. 1985)
*1905 &ndash; Rupert Wildt, German-American astronomer (d. 1976)
*1907 &ndash; J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist (d. 1973)
*1908 &ndash; Willard Van Orman Quine, American philosopher (d. 2000)
*1911 &ndash; William Howard Stein, American chemist (d. 1980)
*1912 &ndash; William T. Cahill, American politician, 46th Governor of New Jersey (d. 1996)
*1913 &ndash; Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
*1915 &ndash; Peter Lind Hayes, actor (d. 1998)
*1917 &ndash; Nils Karlsson, Swedish cross-country skier (d. 2012)
*1917 &ndash; Claude Seignolle, French author (d. 2018)
*1921 &ndash; Heinrich Windelen, German politician (d. 2015)
*1923 &ndash; Nicholas Mosley, British writer (d. 2017)
*1923 &ndash; Sam Francis, American painter (d. 1994)
*1924 &ndash; Sidney Lumet, American actor, director and producer (d. 2011)
*1925 &ndash; June Lockhart, American actress
*1925 &ndash; Robert Venturi, American architect (d. 2018)
*1926 &ndash; Margaret Anstee, British diplomat (d. 2016)
*1926 &ndash; Ingeborg Bachmann, writer (d. 1973)
*1926 &ndash; Kep Enderby, Australian lawyer, judge and politician (d. 2015)
*1927 &ndash; Antal Roka, Hungarian athlete (d. 1970)
*1928 &ndash; Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Russian physicist (d. 2017)
*1928 &ndash; Peyo, Belgian comic book artist (d. 1992)
*1928 &ndash; Alex Toth, American cartoonist (d. 2006)
*1929 &ndash; Eric Carle, American children's writer (d. 2021)
*1929 &ndash; Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)
*1930 &ndash; George Murdock, American actor (d. 2012)
*1931 &ndash; Mrunalini Devi Puar, Indian educator (d. 2015)
*1931 &ndash; V. P. Singh, Prime Minister of India (d. 2008)
*1932 &ndash; George Sluizer, Dutch filmmaker (d. 2014)
*1932 &ndash; Peter Blake, British artist
*1933 &ndash; James Meredith, American civil rights activist
*1935 &ndash; Charles Sheffield, English mathematician, physicist and science fiction author (d. 2002)
*1935 &ndash; Larry Kramer, American writer and activist
*1936 &ndash; Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 3rd President of Indonesia, 1998 – 1999
*1937 &ndash; Obuchi Keizo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2000)
*1940 &ndash; Denys Arcand, French-Canadian movie director, screenwriter and producer
*1940 &ndash; Peer Augustinski, German actor (d. 2014)
*1940 &ndash; Mary Beth Peil, American opera singer and actress
*1942 &ndash; Michel Tremblay, Canadian playwright
*1945 &ndash; Carly Simon, American singer-songwriter
*1945 &ndash; Kevin McKenna, Irish politician (d. 2019)
*1946 &ndash; Roméo Dallaire, Canadian senator
*1946 &ndash; Ian McDonald, British musician
*1949 &ndash; Brigitte Bierlein, Austrian jurist and Chancellor of Austria

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
*1952 &ndash; Martin Gerschwitz, German singer-songwriter, musician and composer
*1954 &ndash; Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
*1954 &ndash; Mario Lessard, Canadian ice hockey player
*1954 &ndash; David Paich, American singer-songwriter
*1954 &ndash; Alison Leslie, British diplomat
*1955 &ndash; Terry Chimes, musician
*1956 &ndash; Boris Trajkovski, President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2004)
*1956 &ndash; Anthony Bourdain, American chef and writer (d. 2018)
*1957 &ndash; Greg Millen, Canadian ice hockey player
*1959 &ndash; Jari Puikkonen, Finnish ski jumper
*1960 &ndash; Aldo Serena, Italian footballer
*1960 &ndash; Brian Hayward, Canadian ice hockey player
*1961 &ndash; Ricky Gervais, British comedian and actor
*1961 &ndash; Timur Bekmambetov, Kazakhstani producer and director
*1962 &ndash; Phill Jupitus, British comedian and broadcaster
*1963 &ndash; George Michael, British singer (d. 2016)
*1963 &ndash; Yann Martel, Spanish-Canadian writer
*1963 &ndash; Doug Gilmour, Canadian ice hockey player
*1963 &ndash; John Benjamin Hickey, American actor
*1964 &ndash; Johnny Herbert, British Formula One driver
*1964 &ndash; Greg Raymer, American poker player
*1966 &ndash; Richard Matt, American murderer and prison escapee (d. 2015)
*1966 &ndash; Dikembe Mutombo, basketball player
*1969 &ndash; Zim Sum, American guitarist
*1970 &ndash; Lucy Benjamin, British actress
*1971 &ndash; Neil Lennon, Northern Irish footballer
*1971 &ndash; Scott Maslen, English actor
*1971 &ndash; Jason Lewis, American actor
*1972 &ndash; Carlos Delgado, Puerto Rican baseball player
*1972 &ndash; Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, Libyan politician
*1973 &ndash; Milan Hnilicka, Czech ice hockey player
*1973 &ndash; Jamie Redknapp, English footballer
*1973 &ndash; Sunetra Sarker, English actress
*1974 &ndash; Karisma Kapoor, Indian actress
*1975 &ndash; Derek Adams, Scottish footballer and coach
*1975 &ndash; Linda Cardellini, American actress
*1975 &ndash; Albert Costa, Spanish tennis player
*1975 &ndash; Vladimir Kramnik, Russian chess player

### From 1976 
*1976 &ndash; José Cancela, Uruguayan footballer
*1976 &ndash; Carlos Niesto, Argentine-Italian rugby player
*1976 &ndash; Iestyn Harris, Welsh rugby player
*1976 &ndash; Gavin Williamson, English politician
*1977 &ndash; Lola Ponce, Argentine-born Italian singer, actress and model
*1979 &ndash; Daniel Jensen, Danish footballer
*1979 &ndash; La La, American actress and TV host
*1981 &ndash; Simon Ammann, Swiss ski jumper
*1981 &ndash; Sheridan Smith, English actress and singer
*1981 &ndash; Pooja Umashankar, Indian actress
*1982 &ndash; Mikhail Youzhny, Russian tennis player
*1982 &ndash; Rain, Korean singer and actor
*1982 &ndash; Cécile Cassel, French actress and singer
*1983 &ndash; Marc Janko, Austrian footballer
*1984 &ndash; Lauren Bush, American model and fashion designer
*1985 &ndash; Scott Brown, Scottish footballer
*1985 &ndash; Hanna Pérez Moza, Mexican singer (Ha*Ash)
*1985 &ndash; Karim Matmour, Algerian footballer
*1986 &ndash; Gabriele Grunewald, American runner (d. 2019)
*1986 &ndash; Aya Matsuura, Japanese singer
*1986 &ndash; Charlie Davies, American soccer player
*1987 &ndash; Claudio Corti, Italian motorcycle racer
*1987 &ndash; Alissa Czisny, American figure skater
*1988 &ndash; Jhonas Enroth, Swedish ice hockey player
*1989 &ndash; Edgar Morais, Portuguese actor, director, producer and screenwriter
*1989 &ndash; Rafael Morais, Portuguese actor, director and screenwriter
*1991 &ndash; Kyousuke Hamao, Japanese actor, singer and model
*1991 &ndash; Victor Wanyama, Kenyan footballer
*1991 &ndash; Simone Zaza, Italian footballer
*1993 &ndash; Barney Clark, English actor
*1997 &ndash; Rodrigo Bentancur, Uruguayan footballer
*2002 &ndash; Mason Vale Cotton, American actor

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
*253 &ndash; Pope Cornelius
*635 &ndash; Emperor Gaozu, 1st Emperor of the Tang Dynasty in China (b. 566)
*1134 &ndash; King Niels of Denmark (b. 1034)
*1218 &ndash; Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, Norman crusader (b. 1160)
*1291 &ndash; Eleanor of Provence (b. 1223)
*1533 &ndash; Mary Tudor, Queen of France (b. 1496)
*1579 &ndash; Hatano Hideharu, Japanese daimyo and samurai (b. 1541)
*1593 &ndash; Michele Mercati, Italian physician (b. 1541)
*1634 &ndash; John Marston, English playwright (b. 1576)
*1638 &ndash; Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish writer (b. 1602)
*1665 &ndash; Archduke Sigismund Francis of Austria, regent of Tyrol and Further Austria (b. 1630)
*1671 &ndash; Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian astronomer (b. 1598)
*1686 &ndash; Simon Ushakov, Russian painter (b. 1626)
*1767 &ndash; Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer (b. 1681)
*1792 &ndash; Thomas Peters, Sierra Leone founding father (b. 1738)
*1822 &ndash; E.T.A. Hoffmann, German writer, composer, and painter (b. 1776)
*1857 &ndash; Langdon Cheves, American politician (b. 1776)
*1861 &ndash; Abd-ul-Mejid, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1823)
*1864 &ndash; King William I of Württemberg (b. 1781) 
*1866 &ndash; Alexander von Nordmann, Finnish zoologist (b. 1803)
*1868 &ndash; Carlo Matteucci, Italian physicist (b. 1811)
*1876 &ndash; George Armstrong Custer, American army officer (b. 1839)
*1876 &ndash; Thomas Custer, American army officer (b. 1845)
*1876 &ndash; Boston Custer, American guide, forager, packer and scout (b. 1848)
*1882 &ndash; François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806)
*1884 &ndash; Hans Rott, composer (b. 1858)
*1886 &ndash; Jean-Louis Beaudry, 11th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1809)
*1889 &ndash; Lucy Webb Hayes, First Lady of the United States (b. 1831)
*1898 &ndash; Ferdinand Julius Cohn, German botanist and microbiologist (b. 1828)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
*1906 &ndash; Stanford White, American architect (b. 1853)
*1916 &ndash; Thomas Eakins, artist (b. 1844)
*1922 &ndash; Satyendranath Dutta, Bengali poet (b. 1882)
*1929 &ndash; Georges Courteline, French dramatist and novelist (b. 1858)
*1932 &ndash; Howard Valentine, American track and field athlete (b. 1881)
*1933 &ndash; Giovanni Giacometti, Swiss painter (b. 1868)
*1937 &ndash; Colin Clive, British actor (b. 1900)
*1939 &ndash; Dick Seaman, English racing driver (b. 1913)
*1944 &ndash; Dénes Berinkey, 18th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1871)
*1944 &ndash; Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer (b. 1906)
*1948 &ndash; William C. Lee, U.S. general (b. 1895)
*1949 &ndash; Buck Freeman, American baseball player (b. 1871)
*1960 &ndash; Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player (b. 1869)
*1971 &ndash; John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish physician (b. 1880)
*1974 &ndash; Cornelius Lanczos, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (b. 1893)
*1976 &ndash; Johnny Mercer, American songwriter (b. 1909)
*1977 &ndash; Bob Skelton, American swimmer (b. 1903)
*1979 &ndash; Dave Fleischer, American animator, director and producer (b. 1894)
*1983 &ndash; Alberto Ginastera, Argentine composer (b. 1916)
*1983 &ndash; Oddbjorn Hagen, Norwegian skier (b. 1908)
*1984 &ndash; Michel Foucault, French philosopher (b. 1926)
*1988 &ndash; Hillel Slovak, Israeli-American guitarist (b. 1962)
*1992 &ndash; James Stirling, British architect (b. 1926)
*1995 &ndash; Warren E. Burger, United States Supreme Court Chief Justice (b. 1907)
*1995 &ndash; Ernest Walton, Irish physicist (b. 1905)
*1997 &ndash; Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French explorer, scientist, movie maker and inventor (b. 1910)
*1999 &ndash; Tommy Ivan, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1911)

### From 2001 
*2003 &ndash; Lester Maddox, segregationist Governor of Georgia (b. 1915)
*2006 &ndash; Kenneth Griffith, British actor and director (b. 1921)
*2008 &ndash; Erika Crusardson, artist and actress (b. 1975)
*2009 &ndash; Farrah Fawcett, American actress (b. 1947)
*2009 &ndash; Michael Jackson, American entertainer and singer (b. 1958)
*2009 &ndash; Sky Saxon, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1937)
*2011 &ndash; Margaret Tyzack, British actress (b. 1931)
*2013 &ndash; Robert E. Gilka, American photographer and journalist (b. 1916)
*2014 &ndash; Ana Maria Matute, Spanish writer (b. 1925)
*2014 &ndash; Nigel Calder, English science writer (b. 1931)
*2014 &ndash; Arvid Jacobsen, Norwegian newspaper editor (b. 1938)
*2015 &ndash; Patrick Macnee, English-American actor (b. 1922)
*2016 &ndash; Bill Cunningham, American photographer (b. 1929)
*2016 &ndash; Giuseppe Ferrara, Italian movie director (b. 1932)
*2016 &ndash; Patrick Mayhew, British politician, former Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (b. 1929)
*2016 &ndash; Nicole Courcel, French actress (b. 1931)
*2016 &ndash; Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo, Indian writer (b. 1926)
*2017 &ndash; Gordon Wilson, Scottish politician (b. 1938)
*2017 &ndash; Elsa Daniel, Argentine actress (b. 1938)
*2017 &ndash; K. R. Mohanan, Indian film director (b. 1947)
*2017 &ndash; José Manuel Mourinho Félix, Portuguese footballer and manager (b. 1938)
*2017 &ndash; Walter Fillmore, American general (b. 1933)
*2018 &ndash; Paul Gérin-Lajoie, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1920)
*2018 &ndash; Richard Benjamin Harrison, American businessman and television presenter (b. 1941)
*2018 &ndash; David Goldblatt, South African photographer and critic of Apartheid (b. 1930)
*2018 &ndash; James M. Keck, American lieutenant general (b. 1921)
*2019 &ndash; Kevin McKenna, Irish politician (b. 1945)
*2019 &ndash; Isabel Sarli, Argentine actress and model (b. 1929)

## Observances 
* Independence Day (Mozambique)
* National Day of Slovenia and Croatia
* Statehood Day (Virginia)
* National Catfish Day (United States)
* Arbor Day (Philippines)