September 16

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 307 &ndash; Emperor Severus II is captured and imprisoned at Tres Tabernae.
* 1400 &ndash; Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales.
* 1620 &ndash; The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, England, for America.
* 1701 &ndash; James Francis Edward Stuart, referred to as the 'Old Pretender', becomes the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of Scotland and England.
* 1776 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Harlem Heights is fought.
* 1779 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: The French–American Siege of Savannah begins.
* 1795 &ndash; The first British occupation of the Cape Colony, South Africa, begins.
* 1810 &ndash; Grito de Dolores: Miguel Hidalgo begins Mexico's fight for independence from Spain.
* 1812 &ndash; The Fire of Moscow begins. Three quarters of the city are destroyed.
* 1859 &ndash; David Livingstone reaches Lake Malawi.
* 1893 &ndash; Settlers make a land run for prime land in the Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1902 &ndash; Alagoas becomes a state of Brazil.
* 1908 &ndash; General Motors is founded.
* 1918 &ndash; On the British Monitor (a type of warship), a munitions explosion occurs while it is located in Dover Harbour, killing 77 people.
* 1919 &ndash; The American Legion is incorporated
* 1920 &ndash; Wall Street bombing: A bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J. P. Morgan building in New York City, killing 38 people and injuring over 400.
* 1925 &ndash; *HC Rotterdam*, the biggest field hockey team in the Netherlands, is founded.
* 1928 &ndash; The Okeechobee hurricane in Florida kills 2500 people.
* 1939 &ndash; The Japanese–Soviet border conflict is settled.
* 1941 &ndash; The Shah of Iran is forced to resign by the United Kingdom and Soviet Union.
* 1943 &ndash; World War II: The Allied invasion of Italy concludes.
* 1945 &ndash; Japanese forces in Hong Kong surrender.
* 1947 &ndash; Typhoon Kathleen hits Saitama, Tokyo and the Tone River in Japan, killing at least 1,930 people.
* 1947 &ndash; The United Kingdom formally ends its state of war with Austria.
* 1955 &ndash; Juan Peron is removed from power in a coup in Argentina.
* 1955 &ndash; A Soviet Navy Zulu class submarine becomes the first submarine to launch a ballistic missile.
* 1959 &ndash; The first successful photocopier, the Xerox 914, is introduced in a demonstration in live television in New York City.
* 1961 &ndash; The remainder of Hurricane Debbie causes damage in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
* 1963 &ndash; Malaysia is formed by the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, British North Borneo (Sabah), and Sarawak. Singapore withdraws a short time later.
* 1966 &ndash; The Metropolitan Opera House opens in New York City.
* 1970 &ndash; King Hussein of Jordan declares military rule following the hijacking of four civilian airlineers by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.
* 1971 &ndash; Typhoon Nancy makes landfall in Osaka, Japan, killing 173 people.
* 1975 &ndash; Papua New Guinea becomes independent from Australia.
* 1975 &ndash; Cape Verde, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe join the UN.
* 1976 &ndash; Sharvash Karapetyan saves 20 people from a trolleybus that had fallen into a Yerevan reservoir.
* 1978 &ndash; An earthquake with a magnitude of over 7.5 hits Tabas in Iran, killing at least 25,000 people.
* 1980 &ndash; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines join the UN.
* 1982 &ndash; Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon.
* 1983 &ndash; Arnold Schwarzenegger becomes a US citizen.
* 1987 &ndash; The Monntreal Protocol for preservation of ozone layer against ozone depletion enters into force.
* 1990 &ndash; The railroad connecting China and Kazakhstan is completed.
* 1991 &ndash; The trial of the deposed Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega begins in the United States.
* 1992 &ndash; The pound sterling, the UK's currency, is forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism.
* 1995 &ndash; Greece ends its embargo on the Republic of Macedonia.
* 1998 &ndash; Meryl Streep receives a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

### From 2001 
* 2005 &ndash; Camorra organised crime boss Paolo Di Lauro is arrested in Naples, Italy.
* 2007 &ndash; An aircraft carrying 128 people crashes in Phuket, Thailand, killing 89 people.
* 2009 &ndash; Yukio Hatoyama becomes Prime Minister of Japan, after just under a year with Taro Aso in this position.
* 2013 &ndash; A gunman kills 12 people at the Navy Yard in Washington, DC.

## Births 
### Up to 1850 
* 16 &ndash; Drusilla, daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder (d. 38)
* 1098 &ndash; Hildegard of Bingen, German writer, composer, and saint (d. 1179)
* 1387 &ndash; King Henry V of England (d. 1422)
* 1494 &ndash; Francesco Mauriloco, Italian polymath (d. 1575)
* 1507 &ndash; Jiajing Emperor, Emperor of China (d. 1567)
* 1615 &ndash; Heinrich Bach, German organist and composer (d. 1692)
* 1666 &ndash; Antoine Parent, French mathematician (d. 1716)
* 1678 &ndash; Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English statesman and philosopher (d. 1751)
* 1688 &ndash; John Gay, English writer (d. 1732)
* 1716 &ndash; Angelo Maria Amorevoli, Italian Baroque tenor (d. 1798)
* 1725 &ndash; Nicolas Demarest, French geologist (d. 1815)
* 1736 &ndash; Carter Braxton, American founding father (d. 1797)
* 1745 &ndash; Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (d. 1813)
* 1777 &ndash; Nathan Mayer Rothschild, English banker and financier (d. 1813)
* 1782 &ndash; Daoguang Emperor, Emperor of China (d. 1850)
* 1812 &ndash; Robert Fortune, Scottish gardener, scientist and explorer (d. 1880)
* 1823 &ndash; Mihailo Obrenovic III, Prince of Serbia (d. 1868)
* 1825 &ndash; Simeon Bavier, Swiss diplomat, engineer and politician (d. 1896)
* 1830 &ndash; Patrick Francis Moran, Irish–Australian cardinal (d. 1911)
* 1837 &ndash; King Peter V of Portugal (d. 1861)
* 1842 &ndash; Alessandro Fortis, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1909)
* 1844 &ndash; Paul Taffanel, French flautist and conductor (d. 1908)

### 1851 &ndash; 1900 
* 1851 &ndash; Emilia Pardo Bazan, Galician-Spanish writer (d. 1912)
* 1853 &ndash; Albrecht Kossel, German doctor, won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1917)
* 1858 &ndash; Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1923)
* 1859 &ndash; Yuan Shikai, Chinese military leader and politician (d. 1916)
* 1866 &ndash; Georg Voigt, German politician (d. 1927)
* 1867 &ndash; Vantila Bratianu, Romanian politician (d. 1930)
* 1870 &ndash; John Pius Boland, Irish jurist, politician and tennis player (d. 1958)
* 1875 &ndash; James C. Penney, founder of American department store J.C. Penney (d. 1971)
* 1877 &ndash; Jacob Schick, American–Canadian inventor and businessman (d. 1937)
* 1878 &ndash; Herwarth Walden, German writer, publisher and composer (d. 1941)
* 1886 &ndash; Demetre Chiparis, Romanian sculptor (d. 1947)
* 1886 &ndash; Jean Arp, German–French sculptor, painter and writer (d. 1966)
* 1887 &ndash; Nadia Boulanger, French composer and pianist (d. 1979)
* 1888 &ndash; Frans Eemil Sillanpaa, Finnish writer (d. 1964)
* 1888 &ndash; W. O. Bentley, British racing driver and entrepreneur (d. 1971)
* 1891 &ndash; Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian–born German spy (d. 1972)
* 1891 &ndash; Karl Dönitz, German naval leader (d. 1980)
* 1893 &ndash; Alexander Korda, Hungarian movie director (d. 1956)
* 1893 &ndash; Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt, Hungarian scientist, won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1986)
* 1898 &ndash; H. A. Rey, American author and illustrator (d. 1977)
* 1899 &ndash; Hans Swarowsky, Austrian conductor (d. 1975)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Ugo Frigerio, Italian athlete (d. 1968)
* 1903 &ndash; Joe Venuti, Italian–American jazz violinist (d. 1978)
* 1903 &ndash; Gwen Bristow, American writer and journalist (d. 1980)
* 1905 &ndash; Vladimir Holan, Czech poet (d. 1980)
* 1909 &ndash; Marshall Carter, American general, Director of the NSA (d. 1993)
* 1912 &ndash; Gyorgy Sarosi, Hungarian footballer (d. 1993)
* 1913 &ndash; Felicien Marceau, French journalist and writer (d. 2012)
* 1916 &ndash; Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw, 1st Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (d. 1978)
* 1917 &ndash; Alexander Schmorell, German Resistance activist (d. 1943)
* 1919 &ndash; Lawrence Dobkin, American actor (d. 2002)
* 1920 &ndash; J. J. C. Smart, British–Australian philosopher (d. 2012)
* 1920 &ndash; Staryl C. Austin, American air force general (d. 2015)
* 1921 &ndash; Jon Hendricks, American jazz songwriter and singer
* 1922 &ndash; Guy Hamilton, English movie director (d. 2016)
* 1922 &ndash; Janis Paige, American actress
* 1923 &ndash; Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore and statesman (d. 2015)
* 1924 &ndash; Lauren Bacall, American actress (d. 2014)
* 1924 &ndash; Hank Peters, American baseball executive (d. 2015)
* 1925 &ndash; Charlie Byrd, American jazz guitarist (d. 1999)
* 1925 &ndash; Charles Haughey, Prime Minister of Ireland (d. 2006)
* 1925 &ndash; B. B. King, American blues musician (d. 2015)
* 1926 &ndash; Robert H. Schuller, American televangelist (d. 2015)
* 1927 &ndash; Peter Falk, American actor (d. 2011)
* 1927 &ndash; Sadako Ogata, Japanese academic, diplomat ad writer
* 1928 &ndash; Rex Trailer, American television presenter, actor and singer (d. 2013)
* 1929 &ndash; Stan Stephens, American politician, 20th Governor of Montana
* 1930 &ndash; Anne Francis, American actress (d. 2011)
* 1930 &ndash; Jerry Parr, American secret service agent (d. 2015)
* 1934 &ndash; Ronnie Drew, Irish singer (The Dubliners) (d. 2008)
* 1935 &ndash; Jules Bass, American Stop-motion animator
* 1935 &ndash; Billy Boy Arnold, American blues musician and songwriter
* 1937 &ndash; Pavel Bobek, Czech singer (d. 2013)
* 1942 &ndash; Bernie Calvert, British musician
* 1943 &ndash; Oskar Lafontaine, German politician
* 1943 &ndash; James Alan McPherson, American writer (d. 2016)
* 1944 &ndash; B. J. Ward, American actress and singer
* 1945 &ndash; Alexander Rutskoy, Russian politician
* 1946 &ndash; Mike Reynolds, Australian politician
* 1946 &ndash; Camilo Sesto, Spanish singer-songwriter
* 1947 &ndash; Russ Abbot, British comedian
* 1948 &ndash; Rosemary Casals, American tennis player
* 1948 &ndash; Julia Donaldson, English writer
* 1948 &ndash; Kenney Jones, English musician
* 1949 &ndash; Ed Begley, Jr., American actor
* 1949 &ndash; Chrisye, Indonesian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007)
* 1950 &ndash; Loyd Grossman, American television presenter and food critic
* 1950 &ndash; Loyola de Palacio, Spanish politician (d. 2006)

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Andy Irvine, Scottish rugby player
* 1952 &ndash; Fatos Nano, Albanian politician
* 1952 &ndash; Mickey Rourke, American actor
* 1953 &ndash; Kurt Fuller, American actor
* 1953 &ndash; Jerry Pate, American golfer
* 1953 &ndash; Manuel Pellegrini, Chilean footballer and coach
* 1953 &ndash; Mark Malloch Brown, British politician
* 1954 &ndash; Sanjoy Bandopadhyay, Indian sitarist and composer
* 1954 &ndash; Colin Newman, British singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
* 1955 &ndash; Janet Ellis, British television presenter
* 1956 &ndash; David Copperfield, American magician
* 1957 &ndash; Norman Lamb, English politician
* 1957 &ndash; Pierre Moscovici, French politician
* 1958 &ndash; Jennifer Tilly, American actress
* 1958 &ndash; Neville Southall, Welsh footballer
* 1958 &ndash; Orel Hershiser, American baseball player and coach
* 1960 &ndash; Ean Evans, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 2009)
* 1960 &ndash; Danny John-Jules, English actor
* 1961 &ndash; Bilinda Butcher, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1964 &ndash; Molly Shannon, American actress
* 1965 &ndash; Karl-Heinz Riedle, German footballer
* 1966 &ndash; John Bel Edwards, American attorney and politician 
* 1968 &ndash; Rafael Alkorta, Spanish footballer
* 1968 &ndash; Marc Anthony, American musician
* 1971 &ndash; Amy Poehler, American actress, comedienne and writer
* 1972 &ndash; Liz Bonnin, Irish television presenter
* 1972 &ndash; Sprent Dabwido, Nauruan politician, former President of Nauru
* 1973 &ndash; Alexander Vinokourov, Kazakhstani cyclist
* 1974 &ndash; Mario Haas, Austrian footballer
* 1974 &ndash; Loona, Dutch singer
* 1975 &ndash; Adel Chedli, Tunisian footballer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Tina Barrett, British singer (S Club)
* 1976 &ndash; Greg Buckner, American basketball player
* 1978 &ndash; Ebrahim Mirzapour, Iranian footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Carolina Dieckmann, Brazilian actress
* 1979 &ndash; Keisuke Tsuboi, Japanese footballer
* 1979 &ndash; Flo Rida, American rapper
* 1979 &ndash; Fanny, French singer
* 1980 &ndash; Patrik Stefan, Czech ice hockey player
* 1981 &ndash; Alexis Bledel, American actress
* 1983 &ndash; Kirsty Coventry, Zimbabwean swimmer
* 1983 &ndash; Brandon Moss, American baseball player
* 1984 &ndash; Katie Melua, Georgian–British singer
* 1984 &ndash; Sabrina Bryan, American actress and singer
* 1986 &ndash; Ian Harding, British actor
* 1987 &ndash; Kyle Lafferty, Northern Irish footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Burry Stander, South African cyclist (d. 2013)
* 1987 &ndash; Daren Kagasoff, American actor
* 1988 &ndash; Teddy Geiger, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor
* 1988 &ndash; Sarah Steele, American actress
* 1989 &ndash; José Salomon Rondon, Venezuelan footballer
* 1992 &ndash; Nick Jonas, American singer and guitarist (The Jonas Brothers)
* 1992 &ndash; Jake Roche, English actor and singer
* 2005 &ndash; Princess Jalilah bint Ali of Jordan

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 96 &ndash; Domitian, Roman Emperor (b. 51)
* 307 &ndash; Flavius Valerius Severus, Roman Emperor
* 655 &ndash; Pope Martin I
* 1087 &ndash; Severus II, Roman Emperor
* 1100 &ndash; Bernold of Constance, German chronicler and writer (b. 1054)
* 1345 &ndash; John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1295)
* 1380 &ndash; King Charles V of France (b. 1338)
* 1394 &ndash; Avignon Pope Clement VII (b. 1342)
* 1498 &ndash; Tomas de Torquemada, Spanish grand inquisitor (b. 1420)
* 1589 &ndash; Michael Baius, Flemish theologian (b. 1513)
* 1701 &ndash; James II of England and VII of Scotland (b. 1633)
* 1736 &ndash; Gabriel Fahrenheit, physicist (b. 1686)
* 1782 &ndash; Farinelli, Italian singer (b. 1705)
* 1792 &ndash; Quang Trung, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1753)
* 1803 &ndash; Nicolas Baudin, French explorer, cartographer and naturalist (b. 1754)
* 1819 &ndash; John Jeffries, American physician, balloonist and meteorologist (b. 1744)
* 1824 &ndash; King Louis XVIII of France (b. 1755)
* 1843 &ndash; Ezekiel Hart, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1770)
* 1845 &ndash; Thomas Davis, Irish nationalist and writer (b. 1814)
* 1887 &ndash; Sakoigawa Namiemon, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1841)
* 1911 &ndash; Edward Whymper, English mountain climber (b. 1840)
* 1925 &ndash; Alexander Friedmann, Russian mathematician and cosmologist (b. 1888)
* 1925 &ndash; Leo Fall, Austrian composer (b. 1873)
* 1932 &ndash; Ronald Ross, British doctor, won the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1857)
* 1931 &ndash; Omar Mukhtar, resistance leader in Italian Libya
* 1936 &ndash; Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French scientist (b. 1867)
* 1940 &ndash; Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, British politician, 8th Governor of Queensland, Australia (b. 1860)
* 1944 &ndash; Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1870)
* 1946 &ndash; James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (b. 1877)

### From 1951 
* 1957 &ndash; Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (b. 1864)
* 1965 &ndash; Ahn Eak-tai, Korean composer and conductor (b. 1906)
* 1965 &ndash; Fred Quimby, American animation producer (b. 1886)
* 1977 &ndash; Marc Bolan, English musician (b. 1947)
* 1977 &ndash; Maria Callas, Greek–American soprano (b. 1923)
* 1980 &ndash; Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (b. 1896)
* 1984 &ndash; Louis Reard, French engineer and fashion designer (b. 1897)
* 1987 &ndash; Christopher Soames, Baron Soames, British politician (b. 1920)
* 1987 &ndash; Howard Moss, American poet, playwright and critic (b. 1922)
* 1991 &ndash; Olga Spessivtseva, Russian ballerina (b. 1895)
* 1992 &ndash; Millicent Fenwick, American politician and writer (b. 1910)
* 1993 &ndash; Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Australian poet and activist (b. 1920)
* 1996 &ndash; Gene Nelson, American actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1920)
* 2000 &ndash; Georgiy Gongadze, Georgian–Ukrainian journalist (b. 1969)
* 2002 &ndash; James Gregory, American actor (b. 1911)
* 2003 &ndash; Sheb Wooley, American actor and singer (b. 1921)
* 2004 &ndash; Izora Armstead, American singer (The Weather Girls) (b. 1942)
* 2005 &ndash; Gordon Gould, American inventor (b. 1920)
* 2006 &ndash; Floyd Curry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1925)
* 2006 &ndash; Fouad el-Mohandes, Egyptian actor (b. 1924)
* 2007 &ndash; Robert Jordan, American writer (b. 1948)
* 2009 &ndash; Mary Travers, American singer (b. 1936)
* 2012 &ndash; Princess Ragnhild of Norway, Norwegian royal, sister of Harald V of Norway (b. 1930)
* 2012 &ndash; John Ingle, American actor (b. 1928)
* 2013 &ndash; Kim Hamilton, American actress (b. 1932)
* 2013 &ndash; Patsy Swayze, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1927)
* 2014 &ndash; Buster Jones, American actor and television presenter (b. 1943)
* 2014 &ndash; Alf Ivar Samuelsen, Norwegian politician (b. 1942)
* 2015 &ndash; Guy Béart, French singer-songwriter (b. 1930)
* 2015 &ndash; Ton van de Ven, Dutch industrial designer (b. 1944)
* 2015 &ndash; David Ashby, British motorcycle racer (b. 1949)
* 2016 &ndash; Edward Albee, American playwright (b. 1928)
* 2016 &ndash; Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 10th President of Italy (b. 1920)
* 2016 &ndash; Gabriele Amorth, Italian priest and exorcist (b. 1925)
* 2016 &ndash; Antonio Mascarenhas Monteiro, former President of Cape Verde (b. 1944)

## Observances 
* Independence Day in Mexico and Papua New Guinea
* Malaysia Day
* International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone layer
* National Heroes' Day (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
* Statehood Day (Alagoas, a state of Brazil)