open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
IRS tax forms

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issues **tax forms** to people and organisations who pay tax in the United States. These documents are used by taxpayers to report information about their finances. This includes information about income, which is required by the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) in order to calculate how much tax must be paid to the federal government of the United States. There are over 800 forms. The best-known of these is Form 1040 used by individual people.

## Types of forms 
*Form **1040** is used by individual people. It is used to report their income, calculate how much tax they have already paid, and how much more they need to pay. These are issued every year, and each person must send the form back with their information written in. The forms are normally due by April 15 of the next year.
*Form **990** provides the public with financial information about a specific organization. It is also used by government agencies to make sure organizations that do not have to pay tax (such as non-profit organizations) comply with the rules. By doing this, they make sure that these organizations are really not making any profits.
*Form **1040NR** is used by foreign workers who have earned income from the United States.
*Informational returns report information to taxpayers to help them complete their own tax returns. They are prepared by employers and banks. Copies of them are also sent to the IRS. An example is Form **1098**, which is used to report interest that a taxpayer has paid on his or her mortgage.
*Several forms begin with the code **W**. Some examples of these include:
**Form **W-2** is used by an employer to report wages paid to employees. It also reports the tax that was deducted from those wages. Employers must complete a Form W-2 for each employee to whom they pay a salary or wage. An employer must mail out the Form W-2 to employees on or before January 31. This gives the employees about 2 months to finish their tax returns before the April 15 due date.
**Form **W-9** is used to request a taxpayer's identification number and certification. To apply for this, the taxpayer must give some basic information like name, marriage status, and social security number.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Internal Revenue Service
Art Clokey

**Arthur** "**Art**" **Clokey** (October 12, 1921 – January 8, 2010) was an American animator. He was one of the first people to make stop motion clay animation popular. His work began in 1955 with a short movie called *Gumbasia*. Clokey's work was influenced by his professor at the University of Southern California, Slavko Vorkapich. He and his wife Ruth later created the clay character Gumby. Gumby and his horse Pokey became popular characters on television. They first appeared in the *Howdy Doody Show*, and later got their own series *The Adventures of Gumby*.

## Early life 
'', the first stop motion clay animation movie by Art Clokey]]

Clokey was born **Arthur Charles Farrington** in Detroit, Michigan. When he was nine years old, his parents divorced. He stayed with his father, Charles Farrington. After his father died in a car accident, he went to live with his mother in California. However, his stepfather refused to raise another man's son, and so Arthur was sent to an orphanage. When he was 11 or 12, he was adopted by Joseph W. Clokey. Clokey was a classical music composer and organist who taught music in Claremont, California.

## Clay animation 
Before he made Gumby, Clokey did a few experiments with clay animation. Most of these were short movies for adults, including his first movie *Gumbasia*. Clokey made this in 1953, and released it in 1955. It consisting of animated clay shapes dancing to jazz music. The title *Gumbasia* was named after Walt Disney's *Fantasia*. In 1963, he made *The Clay Peacock*. This was a reinvention of the animated NBC logo of the time. Clokey's third short movie was *Mandala* (6 minutes, 30 seconds). He made it from 1974-1977, and it was released on August 31, 1977. He described it as a metaphor for the evolving human consciousness. All three of these animations were later released to the public on several collections of *Gumby* television shorts.

*Gumbasia* caught the attention of Samuel G. Engel, president of the Motion Pictures Producers Association. He paid Clokey to make a short pilot for what became *The Gumby Show* (1957). In 1995, Clokey worked with Dallas McKennon to make *Gumby: The Movie*, a full-length movie. It was not very successful. In the mid-1990s, Nickelodeon signed a contract with Art Clokey to show every episode of *Gumby*. It was on top of their ratings for over three years.

Clokey's second most-famous work was the *Davey and Goliath* cartoon.

## Death 
Clokey died on January 8, 2010, at his home in Los Osos, California. He was 88 years old. He had been suffering from a infection of the bladder.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Premavision 
* Art Clokey  Art Clokey's bio on Gumbyworld.com
* 
* 
* KQED Arts and Culture: Art Clokey 
* Art Clokey: Gumby 50th Anniversary Exhibition 
* Full Archive of American Television interview with Art Clokey
George Lopez (TV series)

***George Lopez*** (also known as ***The George Lopez Show***) is an American sitcom starring comedian George Lopez. The show originally aired on ABC from March 27, 2002, to May 8, 2007. Emiliano Díez and Belita Moreno also star in the show.

## Cast
## Other websites 
*
Division of Aston

The **Division of Aston** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1984 and is named for Tilly Aston. Aston was a blind writer and teacher who helped setup the Library of the Victorian Association of Braille Writers in 1894. Aston is in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, including Rowville, Scoresby, Knoxfield, Vermont and Wantirna. 

## Members
In 2013, Alan Tudge was made the Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister, Tony Abbott.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Aston – Australian Electoral Commission
* Alan Tudge's website
Balanced circuit

A **balanced circuit** is a way to connect electronic systems together so that they can exchange electrical signals (like sound) while avoiding interference.

To do this, one uses a cable with two or more wires. The cable is *balanced* if the impedances of the two wires are the same. This causes the noise to be common-mode (the same on both wires). Since it is easy to remove common-mode noise, a balanced circuit is a good way to keep noise out of electronic systems.

When used to send sound, balanced cables use XLR connectors or phone connectors.  Balanced circuits first became common in early 20th century telephone lines.

## References
VIC-20

]]

**Commodore VIC-20** was a home computer released in 1980. It was made by Commodore Business Machines. It was the first computer that sold over one million units.

The Commodore VIC-20 was powered by a 6502 CPU, running at 1 MHz.  Though the system had 5KB of RAM, users only had access to about 3.5KB for BASIC programs.  It had no internal data storage, but could store programs on standard audio tapes. Later, it could use 5.25 inch floppy disks as well. In early 1985 this computer was discontinued.

## References
Banana plug

]]

A **banana plug** is a type of electrical connector used for joining wires to equipment.

## Other websites
*
Flight (movie)

***Flight*** is a 2012 drama and action movie directed by Robert Zemeckis. It stars Denzel Washington, Kelly Reilly, Melissa Leo, Don Cheadle, and John Goodman. It got positive reviews. Movie critic Roger Ebert gave the movie four out of four stars. It was released on November 2, 2012. It was nominated for two Academy Awards.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Division of Batman

The **Division of Batman** was an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1906 and replaced the Division of Northern Melbourne. It was abolished in 2019 and replaced by the Division of Cooper.

It took its name from John Batman, one of the founders of the city of Melbourne. At first it covered the inner suburbs of Carlton and Fitzroy, but as the boundaries changed it moved north. It included Alphington, Clifton Hill, Northcote, Preston, Reservoir and Thornbury. 

## Members
Brian Howe was the Deputy Prime Minister in the Hawke and Keating governments. Martin Ferguson was the leader of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) before being elected. David Feeney was elected to the Australian Senate in 2007, and resigned to take up a seat in the House of Representatives.

## Election results
* 2004 election result
* 2007 election result
* 2010 election result
* 2013 election result 
* 2016 election result

## References
## Other websites
* Division of Batman – Australian Electoral Commission
* David Feeney's website
Kelly Reilly

**Jessica Kelly Siobhán Reilly** (born 18 July 1977) is an English actress. She is known for her roles in *Eden Lake*, *Sherlock Holmes*, *After Miss Julie*, *Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows*, and *Flight*. 

Reilly was born on 18 July 1977 in Surrey, England. She has been married to Kyle Baughner since 2012.

## References
## Other websites
*
Commodore 16

**Commodore 16** was a home computer made by Commodore International. It was released in 1984. It was intended to replace VIC-20 computer, but it failed. It was sold in USA, where it was a flop, but in Europe it was a sucuess, specially as a low-end games system.

## References
Betsy Ross

**Betsy Ross** (January 1, 1752 &ndash; January 30, 1836) is widely known as making the first American flag.  There is, however, no evidence that the story is true.

## References
## Other websites
**Flag: An American Biography* website 
*Betsy Ross Homepage from ushistory.org
*
Lanu-puisto

**Lanu-puisto** is a park near Pikku-Vesijärvi in Lahti, Finland. It contains 12 statues by Olavi Lanu, made of concrete. It was built 1988–1992.

## References
*Statues 
*Olavi Lanu in Lahti library's pages
Barbara Feldon

**Barbara Feldon** (born March 12, 1933) is an American character actress who works mostly in the theatre but is primarily known for her roles on television. Her most well-known role was that of Agent 99 on the 1960s sitcom *Get Smart*. She also worked as a model.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Richard I, Duke of Normandy

**Richard I of Normandy** (933–996), also known as **Richard the Fearless** (French, *Sans Peur*), was the "Duke of Normandy" from 942 to 996. Richard made Normandy into a feudal society where he owned all the land. His followers held on to the lands given them by remaining loyal to him. He made Normandy a much stronger a power in western France.

## Early career 
Richard was the son of William Longsword, princeps or ruler of Normandy. His mother's name was Sprota. William Longsword was told of the birth of a son after the battle with Riouf and other viking rebels. But he kept this a secret until a few years later. When he first met his son he kissed him and made him the heir to Normandy. William then sent Richard to be cared for in Bayeux.

When his father died, Richard was only 10 years old (he was born in 933). King Louis IV of France decided to take charge of Normandy himself. The king placed the young duke in the custody of the count of Ponthieu.  Then the king gave the lands in lower Normandy to Hugh the Great. Louis kept Richard a prisoner at Lâon. Fearing the king was going to harm the boy Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Richard's grandfather Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane freed Richard.

## Duke of Normandy 
In 946, Richard agreed to be a ward of Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders. Together they drove Louis out of Rouen and took back Normandy by 947. In 962 Theobald I, Count of Blois, attacked Rouen. But Richard's army defeated them. Lothair king of West Francia stepped in to prevent any more war between the two. For the rest of his reign Richard chose not to make Normandy bigger. Instead he worked on making Normandy stronger.

Richard used marriages to build strong alliances. His marriage to Emma gave him a connection to the Capet family. His wife Gunnor was from a rival Viking group in the Cotentin. His marriage to her gave him support from her family. Her sisters married several of Richard's loyal followers. Also Richard's daughters provided valuable marriage alliances with powerful counts as well as to the king of England. Richard died in Fecamp, Normandy, on 20 November 996.

## Marriages
William married first (960)to Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France.
* William, Count of Eu (-), 
* Beatrice of Normandy,  of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne

## Notes
## References
Douglas A-1 Skyraider

in 1967.]]
The **Douglas A-1 Skyraider** is an attack aircraft designed and built in the United States. Its first flight was in 1945, but it was too late to be flown in World War II. Originally designed for the US Navy, it was also used by the US Air Force, Fleet Air Arm and French Air Force. It was used by US pilots in the Korean War and Vietnam War, and by the French in the Algeria War. Some were modified for reconnaissance or electronic warfare. Before 1962, the US Navy's **A-1** were called **AD**.
Photobleaching

**Photobleaching** is when a dye or a fluorophore (a chemical that re-emits light) breaks down from exposure to strong light; similar to how the detergent chemical bleach breaks down dye in clothing.

## Other websites
* Introduction to Optical Microscopy an article about photobleaching
SPAD S.XIII

.]]
The **SPAD S.XII** is a French fighter aircraft of World War I. It was used by French pilots, but also by Belgians, British, and American pilots. More than 8400 examples were built.

## Reference 
1.**SPAD S.XII Reference book. Link to Book publisher.**
Amazon Standard Identification Number

The **Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN)** is number used by Amazon.com to  books. When there is a ten-digit ISBN code, the ASIN is usually the same number. The ASIN can be useful to use when a book is old and has no ISBN code.
North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco

The **North American Aviation OV-10 Bronco** is a twin-turboprop reconnaissance and light attack aircraft. It was designed and built in the United States. The US Air Force, US Marines Corps, and US Navy used it in the Vietnam War. It was also used by the German and Indonesian air forces.
Spherical geometry

.]]
**Spherical geometry** is the use of geometry on a sphere. It was started for cartography, as well as for making maps of stars. It is different from Euclidean geometry (which is always on a plane), and Non-Euclidean geometry. Points are defined in the same way as they are in Euclidean geometry: A point is at a defined location on the sphere. A "straight line" is different though: It is the shortest path between two points, which stays on the surface of the plane. Some theorems of Euclidean geometry cannot be used on the sphere, many of them have been adapted though.
Aérospatiale SA-315 Lama

.]]
The **Aérospatiale SA-315 Lama** is a French helicopter designed and built for operations in mountains. It is used by both civilians and the military. It is a fuselage of Alouette II which was assembled an Alouette III's turboshaft. Many were built in India as **Cheetah**.

## References
Fuji Television

**Fuji Television** is a Japanese broadcasting company. It is part of a large media company that also owns the record label and film group Pony Canyon, the newspaper *Sankei shinbun*, and other TV networks.

## Other websites
*Fuji TV
*Pony Canyon
Division of Northern Melbourne

The **Division of Northern Melbourne** was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It was one of the first 75 divisions set up for the first Federal election in 1901. It was located in the inner northern suburbs of Melbourne, including the suburbs of Carlton, North Melbourne and Fitzroy. It was abolished in 1906 when the boundaries were redrawn and mostly replaced by the Division of Batman.

## Members
The division was held by one member, H. B. Higgins. Higgins was Attorney General from 1904 to 1905. He was appointed a Justice of the High Court of Australia in 1906. Isaac Selby, who was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1901 election, became famous in 1905 when he tried to shoot a judge during a court case in San Francisco.

## References
Hardware

**Hardware** may refer to:
* Household hardware, equipment sold in hardware stores
* Computer hardware, physical devices that make up a computer system
* Electronic component, a basic electronic element
* Digital electronics, the hardware used by digital computer systems that can be controlled by software
List of soups

Soups have been made since ancient times. This page lists a selection of well-known soups from the various cuisines around the world. They are sorted by the type of soup.

Some soups are served with large chunks of meat or vegetables left in the liquid; these are categorised below as "chunky". A broth is a flavoured liquid usually made from boiling a meat and bone or vegetable for a period of time in a stock. A common type of broth is consommé. A potage is a category of thick soups, stews or porridges. In some of them, meat and vegetables are boiled together with water until they turn into a thick mush.

Bisques are creamy soups traditionally made with shellfish, but can be made with any type of seafood. The base of cream soups is dairy. Chowders are thick soups usually containing some type of starch. Coulis were originally meat juices, and now are thick purees. Some soups are only ever served cold, and other soups can be served cold as an option.

## Related pages 
*Soup

## Notes
## References
*
Korpilahti

]]

**Korpilahti** is a former municipality of Finland. It was merged with Jyväskylä on 1 January 2009.
Ranua

**Ranua** is a municipality in Finland. As of 2013, almost 4,200 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Ii, Simo, Tervola, Rovaniemi, Posio and Pudasjärvi. As of January 2014, there were almost 4,150 people living in Ranua. 

## Lakes
Simojärvi, Näskäjärvi, Penämönjärvi, Impiönjärvi and Ranuanjärvi. There is also many smaller lakes in the area.

## References
## Other websites
* Community website
Posio

**Posio** is a municipality in Finnish Lapland. As of January 2014, about 3,660 people lived there.

The settlements Rovaniemi, Kemijärvi, Ranua, Salla, Kuusamo, Taivalkoski and Pudasjärvi are near to Posio.

Riisitunturi National Park is in Posio.

## Other websites
* Community website
Tornio

**Tornio** ('''') is a town in Lapland, Finland. As of January 2014, the municipality had a population of almost 22,400. Neighbouring municipalities are Kemi, Keminmaa, Tervola and Ylitornio. Bordering Tornio in Sweden is Haparanda.

Lot of discusion have been about waste water systems with Haparanda.

Culture: The natioanal museum is in the city; The museum has Finland's most famous political painting.

## References
## Other websites
* Community website
Kozienice

**Kozienice** is a city in Poland. In 2009 its population was 18,075. Through the city swims a river Zagożdżonka.

## References
Kemi

**Kemi** is a town in Finnish Lapland, Finland. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of about 22,150. Neighbouring municipalities are Keminmaa, Simo and Tornio.

## Other websites
* Community website
Jo-Jo the Dog-Faced Boy

**Fedor Jeftichew**, better known as **Jo-Jo the Dog-Faced Boy** (1868 - January 31, 1904) was a Russian sideshow performer. Like his father, Adrien, with whom he performed, Jo-Jo was afflicted with hypertrichosis, an abnormal growth of hair over the face and body. Jo-Jo was covered with long, silky hair and was said to resemble a Skye terrier.

Jo-Jo was born in St Petersburg, Russia in 1868. He began touring Europe in 1873. He was five feet eight inches tall, had only four or five teeth, and spoke Russian, German, and a little English. He dressed like a Russian cavalryman. He would bark at an audience, and would perform as often as 23 times a day. In 1886, he was making US$500 a week.

Jo-Jo toured Europe and Russia, playing in fairgrounds. He was discovered by Charles Reynolds in London, England. Jo-Jo was performing with his father, Adrien, who resembled a poodle. Reynolds realized the Dog-Faced Boy could be presented in a more professional manner. He took the boy to the United States on the *City of Chicago* on 12 October 1884.

A press conference was called. Journalists were allowed to pull Jeftichew's hair to be assured it was real and not pasted on. The *New York Herald* described Jeftichew as "the most extraordinary and absorbingly interesting curiosity that has ever reached these shores."

In 1884, Jeftichew signed with P. T. Barnum. Barnum stated (falsely) that Jo-Jo was captured by a hunter in the wilds of central Russia. Barnum advertised him as "the most prodigious paragon of all prodigies secured by P. T. Barnum in fifty years. The Human Skye Terrier, the crowning mystery of nature's contradictions."

He toured Europe with Barnum and Bailey's Greatest Show on Earth in 1901 and 1902. He died in Greece in 1904 while on tour of pneumonia. He was the subject of a song recorded by Annette Funicello in the 1960s and was referenced in an episode of the television series, *Buffy the Vampire Slayer*.

## Notes
## References
* Bondeson, Jan. 2000. *The Two-Headed Boy, and Other Medical Marvels*. Cornell University Press. pp.&nbsp;19–26.
* DeMello, Margo. 2012. *Faces Around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the Human Face*. ABC-CLIO. p.&nbsp;176.
* Hartzman, Marc. 2006 (pbk).''American Sideshow: An Encyclopedia of History's Most Wondrous and Curiously Strange Performers*. Penguin. pp.&nbsp;51–52. 
* Hornberger, Francine. 2005. *Carny Folk: The World's Weirdest Sideshow Acts*. Citadel Press. p.&nbsp;144.
* Nickell, Joe. 2005. *Secrets of the Sideshows''. University Press of Kentucky. pp.&nbsp;155–156.
Inari, Finland

**Inari** is a municipality in Lapland. As of 2013, about 6,730 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Enontekiö, Kittilä, Sodankylä and Utsjoki. The largest urban area in Inari is Ivalo.

Culture: The museum, Sámi Museum Siida, won the *European museum of the year* award (2024).

## Geography
Inari covers more area than any other municipality in Finland. Lake Inari is in Inari. There are also over 8,000 other lakes. That is why the size of the municipality is so large. The River Vaskojoki is located in western Inari. It flows to the lake Paateri.

## Population growth
## References
## Other websites
* Community website
Enontekiö

**Enontekiö** is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of 2013, about 1,890 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Inari, Kittilä and Muonio.

National park: Part of the Pallas-Yllästunturi National Park, is in Enontekiö.

## History
Enontekiö shares a border with Norway and Sweden. The point where the borders of Finland, Norway and Sweden meet is Treriksröset. This is located about 10&nbsp;km west of Kilpisjärvi village. A monument was built at Treriksröset in 1926. It replaced an earlier monument built of stone in 1897.

## Sights
* Saana mountain
* Halti mountain
* Pihtsusköngäs, 17 meters higs waterfall

## Population growth
## References
## Other websites
* Community website
Pukkila

**Pukkila** is a municipality in Finland. As of 2013, about 2,040 people lived there. The municipalities next to it are Orimattila, Myrskylä, Askola and Mäntsälä. The municipality of Pukkila was established in 1898.

## Some villages
Kantele, Naarkoski, Savijoki (Pukkila), Syvänoja (Pukkila) and Torppi (Pukkila).

## Other websites
* Official community website
Kerava

**Kerava** is a town in Finland. It is in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Uusimaa. The town has a population of 34,601 (28 February 2013). The municipalities next to it are Vantaa, Tuusula and Sipoo.

## Population growth
## References
## Other websites 
* Homepage
Bangor, New York

**Bangor** is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. There were 2,231 people living in Bangor at the 2020 census. The town was founded around 1806. It is named after Bangor in Wales.

## Communities and locations in Bangor 
***Baconville** &ndash; A former community in the southwest part of the town.
***Bangor** &ndash; The hamlet of Bangor is in the south part of the town.
***Cooks Corners** &ndash; A hamlet in the north of the town.
***North Bangor** &ndash; A hamlet in the north of the town.
***West Bangor** &ndash; A hamlet west of Bangor village. It was formerly called "Pottersville."

## References
Trinity Church, Halmstad

**Trinity Church** () is a Roman Catholic church in Halmstad in Sweden. It is part of Saint Mary Catholic Parish within the Catholic Diocese of Stockholm.

It was opened on 24 May 1981.

## References
Helsingborg Municipality

**Helsingborg Municipality** () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Helsingborg.

## References 
## Other websites
* Helsingborg Municipality
Åre Municipality

**Åre Municipality** () is a municipality in Jämtland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Järpen.

## References 
## Other websites
*
* Åre Municipality
NPD

**NPD** can mean:

*Narcissistic personality disorder
*National Democratic Party of Germany (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutchlands)
Åre

**Åre** is a locality in Åre Municipality in the county of Jämtland in northern Sweden. It is a famous ski resort, and hosted the Alpine Skiing World Championships in the years of 1954 and 2007. Alpine skiing world cup competitions are often held here.

## References 
## Other websites
Church of Sweden Abroad

]]
The **Church of Sweden Abroad** () serves under the Diocese of Visby within the Church of Sweden, and consists of congregations within the church, located outside Sweden.

## Other websites
*Official website
Porvoo

**Porvoo** () is a town in Uusimaa, Finland. It has a lot of old buildings. Neighbouring municipalities are Askola, Loviisa, Myrskylä, Pornainen and Sipoo.

## Population growth
## References
## Other websites 
* Homepage
Swedish Evangelical Mission

The **Swedish Evangelical Mission** (**SEM**) () ("EFS") is an independent organization within the Church of Sweden. It was established on 7 May 1856.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Svensktoppen

**Svensktoppen** is a Swedish music chart on the radio. It was established in 1962. The chart has traditionally been dominated by dansband and schlager music, and lighter pop and rock music. In 2003, it allowed songs performed in English to be included. Since then, the chart became more oriented to modern pop and rock music.

## Other websites
* Official website
Vuorenkylä

**Vuorenkylä** is a village in Hartola, Finland. It is in the northeast of Päijänne Tavastia. There is a mountain, Purnuvuori where people ski.

## Other websites
*Vuorenkylä webpage
Evangelical Free Church in Sweden

The **Evangelical Free Church in Sweden** (), "EFK", is a Christian Protestant denomination in Sweden. It was established in 1997 as a merger out of Örebro Mission (*Örebromissionen*, founded in 1892 as Örebro Missionary Society), the Free Baptist Union (*Fribaptistsamfundet*, founded in 1872) and the Sanctification Union (*Helgelseförbundet*, founded in 1887).

## Other websites
*Official website
Sveriges Radio

in 1937.]]
**Sveriges Radio** is the government-operated radio station in Sweden. Regular broadcast began on 1 January 1925.

## Main channels
*Sveriges Radio P1
*Sveriges Radio P2
*Sveriges Radio P3
*Sveriges Radio P4

## Other websites
*Sveriges Radio
Sveriges Television

**Sveriges Television**, (**SVT**) is the government-operated television station in Sweden. Regular broadcast began on 4 September 1956.

## Main channels
*SVT 1
*SVT 2
*Kunskapskanalen
*Barnkanalen

## Other websites
*Sveriges Television
Aftonbladet

***Aftonbladet*** is a newspaper in Sweden. It was started on 6 December 1830 by Lars Johan Hiertha. It was originally liberal, before being bought by the Swedish Social Democratic Party/trade union movement in early October 1956.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Expressen

***Expressen*** is a newspaper in Sweden. It was started on 16 November 1944. It is well known for its wasp symbol.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Swedish Americans

1927, Charles Lindbergh performed the first solo-flight across the Atlantic Ocean. The aeroplane was called Spirit of Saint Louis.]]
A **Swedish American** () is an American person of Swedish descent. They usually came from the great migration from Sweden to the United States in the 19th century. Many of them settled in Minnesota.

## Famous Swedish-Americans
*John Ericsson, engineer
*Greta Garbo, movie actress
*Charles Lindbergh, aviator
*Claes Oldenburg, artist

## References
## Other websites
Dansbandskampen

***Dansbandskampen*** was a Swedish television show. It was created by Peter Settman and his production company Baluba. Peter Settman was also the show host. It was broadcast over Sveriges Television, with season one airing October–December 2008.

The show was a music competition with dansbands.

There were talks of spreading the concept outside Sweden, with a disco/folk music version in Poland and a country music version in the USA.

## References
## Other websites
Epiphany (holiday)

scene with the adoration of the Magi.]]**Epiphany** is a Christian holiday or festival on January 6. It celebrates the revelation of the Christ child to the Gentiles, when the Magi ("wise men") visited Bethlehem to see Jesus, by following a star. It is recorded in the Gospel of Matthew, chapter 2. Epiphany is included in the Christmas time.
## Related pages
* Bible
* Judea
* Holy Land
* Christmas
* Christianity
* Roman Empire
* Second Temple
## Other websites
Gröna Lund

**Gröna Lund** is an amusement park on the island of Djurgården in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. It was opened in 1883.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Essingeleden

**Essingeleden** is a motorway in central Sweden. It runs from Solna to Stockholm. It crosses the islands of Kungsholmen, Lilla Essingen and Stora Essingen. It was opened on 21 August 1966.

## Other websites
Allsång på Skansen

**Allsång på Skansen** is a sing-along event at Skansen in the town of Stockholm in Sweden, which first started on 26 May 1935. Originally broadcast over Sveriges Radio, broadcasts on Sveriges Television began on 3 August 1979.

## Other websites
* Official website
Djurgården

at Djurgården, facing south-west with Skeppsholmen, Gamla stan and Södermalm in the background.]]
**Djurgården** () is an island in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. Attractions here are the amusement park Gröna Lund and the open air museum, Skansen.

## Other websites
Borås Municipality

**Borås Municipality** () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Borås.

## References 
## Other websites
* Borås Municipality
Central Division (NBA)

The **Central Division** is one of three divisions in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Southeast Division and the Atlantic Division. The division consists of the Chicago Bulls, Cleveland Cavaliers, Detroit Pistons, Indiana Pacers, and the Milwaukee Bucks. The Milwaukee Bucks have the most titles in the division, with 13.

## References
Sandviken Municipality

**Sandviken Municipality** () is a municipality in Gävleborg County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Sandviken.

## References 
## Other websites
* Sandviken Municipality
Ystad

**Ystad** is a town in the county of Scania in southern Sweden. It is the seat of Ystad Municipality.

## Sister cities/towns
 Haugesund, Rogaland, Norway

## References 
## Other websites
Ljungarum Church

**Ljungarum Church** () is a church in the town of Jönköping in Sweden. It belongs to Jönköping Christina-Ljungarum Parish of the Church of Sweden. The building dates back to the 13th century. 

## References 
## Other websites
Nationalarenan

**Nationalarenan**, called **Friends Arena** for advertising, is a sports stadium in Solna in Sweden. It was opened in 2012, and mainly hosts soccer games.

## References 
## Other websites
Stockholm Olympic Stadium

**Stockholm Olympic Stadium** () is a sports stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. It was opened in 1912, in time for the 1912 Summer Olympics.

## Other websites
Scandinavium

**Scandinavium** is an indoor sports stadium in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. It was opened in on 18 May 1971. The stadium mainly hosts Frölunda HC ice hockey home games.

## Other websites
Råsunda Stadium

2009.]] 
**Råsunda Stadium** () was a soccer stadium in Solna in Sweden. It was opened in April 1937, and closed down in November 2012. Its demolition began in January 2013.

## References 
## Other websites
Söderstadion

**Söderstadion** was a soccer and bandy stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. It was opened in 1966. It closed in June 2013, being prepared for demolition.

## Other websites
Johanneshovs isstadion

**Hovet** is an indoor ice hockey stadium in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. It was opened on 4 November 1955.

## Other websites
Magi

The ***Magi*** or the **Three Wise Men** are people in Christianity. They were "wise men from the east" who came to Jerusalem during the reign of Herod:  'saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews?' ( Gospel of Matthew chapter 2 verse 1) Their visit to Jesus, guided by the Star of Bethlehem is celebrated every year at Epiphany on January 6, just after Christmas.
The Epiphany marks the end of the liturgical season 'Christmas'.

India is east of Israel, and some say that the Magi could have come from India. At the time of Jesus there were many spiritual seekers there. In India, Christian celebrations of Christmas sometimes include the arrival of the Magi on camels. An Armenian tradition says the "Magi of Bethlehem" were Balthasar of Arabia, Melchior of Persia, and Caspar of India.

: *The Magi Journeying* (c. 1890), Brooklyn Museum, New York City]]

## References 
## Other websites
*Magi at Catholic encyclopedia
Atlantic Division (NBA)

The **Atlantic Division** is group in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Southeast Division and the Central Division.This division members are the Boston Celtics, Brooklyn Nets, New York Knicks, Philadelphia 76ers, and the Toronto Raptors.

## References
Mando Diao

**Mando Diao** is a rock band from the town of Borlänge in Sweden. The band was started in 1999.

## Discography
### Albums
*2002: ''Bring 'Em In*
*2004: *Hurricane Bar*
*2006: *Ode to Ochrasy*
*2007: *Never Seen the Light of Day*
*2009: *Give Me Fire!*
*2012: *Infruset*
*2013: *Infruset Guld''

## Other websites
*Official website
Borlänge Municipality

**Borlänge Municipality** () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Borlänge.

## References 
## Other websites
* Borlange Municipality
Doomwyte

***Doomwyte*** is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2008. It is the 20th book in the Redwall series.

## Plot
A young mouse named Bisky who lives at Redwall Abbey figures out riddles with his friends to find four beautiful jewels that had been hidden in Redwall a long time ago. But at the same time an evil raven is trying to find the gems too, because they had belonged to his kingdom a long time ago.
Stockholm Globe Arena

**Stockholm Globe Arena** () is an indoor sports stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. It was opened on 19 February 1989. It mainly hosts ice hockey games.

## References
## Other websites
The Sable Quean

***The Sable Quean*** is a children's fantasy novel. It was written by Brian Jacques in 2010, and it's the twenty-first book in the Redwall series.

## Plot summary
The evil Vilaya, who's a sable (that's a kind of animal) queen, wants to take over Redwall Abbey. To do this, she kidnaps children from the Abbey and the area around it, so that if the woodlanders want their kids back, they'll have to give her their abbey.

Luckily, several good guys come to the rescue. But will the good guys and the good Redwallers be able to win against the Sable Quean?
Saint Joachim

**Saint Joachim** was the father of the Virgin Mary and the grandfather of Jesus. Joachim means "Yahweh prepares".

According to tradition, Joachim wanted to pray in the temple but was turned away because of his childlessness.  He went to a mountaintop to pray to God.  An angel appeared to him and his wife, Anna.  The angel told Joachim that the Lord heard their prayers and that Anna was with child.   

It is believed that Anna and Joachim gave Mary to the service of the Temple when she was three years old.

St. Joachim and Saint Anna's feast day is July 26.
Ranked list of Spanish autonomous communities by area

This is a ranked list by area for Spain's autonomous communities, as well as for the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.

## Related pages
*Ranked list of Spanish autonomous communities by population
Golden Gate (Jerusalem)

The **Golden Gate** (, ; Arabic: ) is one of the gates of the Old City of Jerusalem. It is in the western side of the walls and the main gate that was connected the Temple Mount to outside the old city. According to the Jewish tradition, the Messiah will come through this gate to the Temple. In the 16th century, the gate was blocked by the Ottoman Sultan and a Muslim cemetery was created to insure that Messiah will never come through this gate. According to the Christian tradition, Jesus came into this gate to Jerusalem.

The Hebrew name for the gate translates to the "Gate of Mercy". In ancient times the gate was known as the "Beautiful Gate".

## Other websites 
* Golden Gate at the Temple Mount website 

## References
Luhanka

**Luhanka** () is a municipality in Central Finland, Finland. About 765 people lived there in February 2014. The municipalities located next to Luhanka are Hartola, Joutsa, Jyväskylä, Jämsä, Kuhmoinen and Sysmä. Originally Luhanka was part of Sysmä. Later it was made into its own municipality in 1864. Luhanka is a popular place for summer cottages. 

## Famouse people
* Composer Toni Edelmann lives in Luhanka.
* Writer Kreetta Onkeli spent her childhood at Luhanka. 

## Other websites
* Community website
Laukaa

**Laukaa** () is a municipality in Finland. About 18,573 people live there. Nearby municipalities include Hankasalmi, Jyväskylä, Konnevesi, Toivakka, Uurainen and Äänekoski.

## Sources
## Other websites
* Community website
Uurainen

**Uurainen** is a municipality in central Finland. In 2013, about 3,554 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Jyväskylä, Laukaa, Multia, Petäjävesi, Saarijärvi and Äänekoski.

## Other websites
* Community website
Sahara Hotnights

**Sahara Hotnights** is a female rock band from Robertsfors in Sweden.

## Members
*Maria Andersson (born 4 December 1981, Umeå, Sweden) – Lead vocals, guitar
*Jennie Asplund (born 24 November 1979, Robertsfors, Sweden) – Backing vocals, guitar
*Johanna Asplund (born 21 September 1981, Umeå, Sweden) – Backing vocals, bass
*Josephine Forsman (born 20 May 1981, Umeå, Sweden) – Drums

## Discography
### Albums
*''C'mon Let's Pretend* – 1999 (#15)
**Jennie Bomb* – 2001 Continental Europe / 2002 UK/USA (#2)
**Kiss & Tell* – 2004 (#4)
**What If Leaving Is a Loving Thing* - 2007 (#5)
**Sparks* - 2009 (#2)
**Sahara Hotnights* - 2011

### EP records
**Suits Anyone Fine'' – 1997

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Nykvarn Municipality

**Nykvarn Municipality** () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Nykvarn.

The municipality was established on 1 January 1999. It was broken out of Södertälje Municipality.

## References 
## Other websites
* Nykvarn Municipality
Uppvidinge Municipality

**Uppvidinge Municipality** () is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Åseda.

## References 
## Other websites
* Uppvidinge Municipality
Hugh the Great

**Hugh the Great** or **Hugues le Grand** (895–16 June 956) was duke of the Franks and count of Paris.

## Early career
Hugh was the son of King Robert I of France and Béatrice of Vermandois. She was the daughter of Herbert I, Count of Vermandois.  Hugh was a member of the family known as the Robertians.

## Duke of France
In 922 the barons of western Francia revolted against the Carolingian king Charles the Simple. In his place they elected Robert I, Hugh's father, as King of Western Francia. Robert I died in battle at Soissons in 923. When Hugh refused the crown it went to his brother-in-law, Rudolph of France. From then on Hugh the great, acting for King Rudolph, had to struggle with Herbert II. Hugh was one of those who brought Louis IV (''d'Outremer'') from the Kingdom of England in 936. In 937 Hugh married Hedwige of Saxony, a daughter of Henry I the Fowler of Germany and Matilda of Ringelheim. Very soon however Hugh was quarrelling with King Louis.

In 939 king Louis attacked Hugh the Great and William I, Duke of Normandy. But soon after they made a truce which lasted until June. That same year Hugh, along with Herbert II of Vermandois, Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and Duke William Longsword paid homage to the Emperor Otto the Great. They supported him in his struggle against Louis. When Louis fell into the hands of the Normans in 945, he was handed over to Hugh in exchange for their young duke Richard. Hugh released Louis IV in 946 but made him surrender the fortress of Laon. In 948 at a church council at Ingelheim the bishops excommunicated Hugh even though he was not there. Hugh's response was to attack Soissons and Reims. In the same year Giselbert, Duke of Burgundy acknowledged Hugh as his overlord and gave his daughter in marriage to Hugh's son Otto-Henry.
* Emma.(-aft. 968).
* Otto, Duke of Burgundy, a minor in 956.
* Odo-Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1002).

## References
Melody Club

The **Melody Club** is a pop band from the town of Växjö in Sweden. The band was started in 2000, and participated at Melodifestivalen in 2011 with the song "The Hunter".

## Discography
### Albums
;Compilation albums

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Takida

**Takida** is a rock band from Ånge in Sweden. The band was established in the year of 1999.

## Discography
### Albums
* *...Make You Breathe* (2006)
* *Bury the Lies* (2007)
* *The Darker Instinct* (2009)
* *The Burning Heart* (2011)
* *A Lesson Learned - The Best Of* (2013)

## Other websites
*Official website
Orimattila

**Orimattila** is a town in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. As of 2010, about 16,350 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Hollola, Iitti, Kärkölä, Lahti, Lapinjärvi, Myrskylä, Mäntsälä, Nastola and Pukkila.

The former municipality of Artjärvi was merged with Orimattila in 2011.

## Other websites
* Community website
Padasjoki

]]

**Padasjoki** is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. About 3,319 people lived there as of 31 May 2013. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Hämeenlinna, Kangasala, Kuhmoinen, Pälkäne and Sysmä.

## History
People lived in the area of Padasjoki during the Stone Age. There is hill fort around the town.

## Other websites
* Community website
Nastola

**Nastola** is a former municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. It was merged with the city of Lahti on 1 January 2016. In 2013, about 15,107 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Heinola, Hollola, Iitti, Lahti and Orimattila.

## Other websites
* Community website
Kuhmoinen

**Kuhmoinen** is a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It was part of Central Finland until 2021. Almost 2,400 people lived there as of January 2014. Nearby municipalities include Jämsä, Kangasala, Luhanka, Orivesi, Padasjoki and Sysmä.

## Villages
Harjunsalmi, Harmoinen, Kirkonkylä, Kissakulma, Kylämä, Patavesi, Pihlajakoski, Poikkijärvi, Puukkoinen, Päijälä, Ruolahti amd Sappee.

## Sights 
*Isojärvi National Park

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Pori

**Pori** is a city and municipality in Finland. The city had a population of 83,364 as of 31 August 2012. It covers  without sea-areas.

Yyteri, a sand beach, is located at Pori.

## Other websites
*Website
Särkänniemi

**Särkänniemi** is a theme park in Tampere, Finland. It covers . It opened in 1969.

## Other websites
* Website
Heinola

**Heinola** is a town in Finland. About 19,997 people lived there as of 31 May 2013. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Hartola, Iitti, Kouvola, Mäntyharju, Nastola, Pertunmaa and Sysmä. 

The newspaper *Itä-Häme* is published in Heinola and neighbouring towns.

## History
Heinola is founded 1776.

## Gallery
## Villages
Tuusjärvi, Hirvisalo, Hujansalo, Härkälä, Imjärvi, Komeankylä, Korkee, Lauhjoki, Lusi, Läpiä, Kausa, Marjoniemi, Myllykylä, Onali, Paaso, Paistjärvi, Pääsinniemi, Rihu, Taipale, Vaippilainen (Vaippila), Vierumäki and Jyränkö.

## Other websites
* Community website
Matti Nykänen

**Matti Ensio Nykänen** (17 July 1963 in Jyväskylä – 4 February 2019 in Lappeenranta) was a Finnish ski jumper and singer. He won five Olympic medals (four gold), nine World Championships medals (five gold) and 22 Finnish Championships medals (13 gold). He won three gold medals at the 1988 Winter Olympics, which made him one of the two most successful athletes at those games.

Nykänen died in the early hours of 4 February 2019 from complications of diabetes, at the age of 55.
__NOTOC__

## Discography 
### Albums 
* Yllätysten yö (1992)
* Samurai (1993)
* Ehkä otin, ehkä en (2006)

### Singles 
* Elämä on laiffii (2002)
* Tää on mun elämää (2004)
* Mäkikotka ja häkkilintu (2005)
* Voitosta voittoon (2007)
* Anna mulle sexii (2008)
* Lennä Nykäsen Matti (2008)
* Pomminvarma rakkaus (2009)
* Jälleen joulu on (2009)
* Tuusula mielessäin (With Teflon Brothers) 2013
* Jokainen tsäänssi on mahdollisuus (2013)
* Suomi (Yksi Totuus feat. Matti Nykänen) (2018)
* Leipää ja vettä (2019)

## References
## Other websites
*Matti Nykänen  at the International Ski Federation.
Hollola

ski center]]

**Hollola** is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. About 22,092 people lived there in 2013. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Hämeenkoski, Kärkölä, Lahti, Nastola and Orimattila. On 1 January 2016, Hämeenkoski is a part of Hollola.

## Other websites
* Community website
Kärkölä

**Kärkölä** is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. In 2013, about 4,776 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Hausjärvi, Hollola, Hämeenkoski, Hämeenlinna, Mäntsälä and Orimattila.

## Villages
Järvelä, Hevonoja, Hongisto, Hähkäniemi, Iso-Sattiala, Karvala, Kirkonkylä, Lappila, Maavehmaa, Marttila, Uusikylä and Vähä-Sattiala.

## Other websites
* Community website
Richard II, Duke of Normandy

**Richard II** (23 August 963 - 28 August 1026), called **the Good** (French: *Le Bon*), was the Duke of Normandy from 996 to 1026. He was the first to assume the title of duke and built up his court to resemble that of a king. He commissioned Dudo of Saint-Quentin to write a detailed history of the Norman Dukes showing their nobility and Christian patronage.

## Early career
Richard II was the oldest son of Richard I the Fearless and Gunnora. He succeeded his father as Duke of Normandy in 996. During his minority, which was the first five years of his reign, his regent was his uncle Count Ralph of Ivrea. Ralph put down a peasant revolt at the start of Richard's reign.

Richard was very religious like his overlord king Robert II of France. Richard used his army to support the king against the duchy of Burgundy. They would then cross the English Channel to Normandy to sell their plunder. Norman and Viking relations were good. Richard's father had hired Viking mercenaries in the 960s. Ethelred had given orders that Richard be captured, shackled and brought to England. But the English were not prepared for the rapid response of the Norman cavalry and were quickly defeated.

Richard wanted to make peace with the English king. He gave his sister Emma of Normandy in marriage to King Ethelred. In 1013 when Sweyn Forkbeard invaded England, Emma with her two sons Edward and Alfred fled to Normandy. After losing his throne King Ethelred followed shortly. While it contains a number of stories and legends, nowhere did Dudo claim the stories to be facts. When he wrote his work on the Customs and Deeds of the First Dukes of the Normans, Dudo seems to have met his goal "to tell in the noblest style the story of a noble destiny."

In 1025 and 1026 Richard confirmed gifts of his ancestor Rollo to Saint-Ouen at Rouen. He gave many other gifts to Monasteries. Their names show the areas over which Richard had ducal control: Caen, the Éverecin, the Cotentin, the Pays de Caux and Rouen.

Richard II died 28 Aug 1026. by whom he had the following issue:
* Richard III Succeeded his father as duke.

## Notes
## References