open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hockey stick

A **hockey stick** is a long, wooden pole used to push, pass, or shoot in the sports of ice hockey and field hockey. The art of developing ice hockey sticks is a complex science and has become big business. Ice hockey sticks are mostly made of composite materials and they have different "flexes", meaning some sticks are more flexible than others.
In ice hockey, the end or *blade* of the stick is normally curved, to help the player get better control of the puck and better shots at the goaltender.  The goaltender has a bigger blade, to make it easier to stop shots.  Players sometimes use hockey sticks to hold back the bodies of other players, or to trip or hit them; sometimes players who do this get penalties. In field hockey, sticks are shorter, but the blade is thicker, than in ice hockey.  It is used to move a ball instead of a puck. More research has gone into studying how hockey sticks perform. The main difference between the two sticks is how they are used in the games.

All the players in both ice and field hockey use hockey sticks.

## References
Malayan tiger

The **Malayan tiger** (*Panthera tigris jacksoni*) is a subspecies of the tiger that was discovered in 2004. People used to think they were Indo-Chinese tigers, But now they have their own subspecies. They have the same length and weight as the Indo-Chinese tiger. They live in southern Malaysia and they are an endangered species.

## Related pages 
* Bali tiger
* Bengal tiger
* Caspian tiger
* Indochinese tiger
* Javan tiger
* Ngandong tiger
* Siberian tiger
* Sumatran tiger
* South China tiger
* Trinil tiger
* Wanhsien tiger
Frequency

axis—the five sinusoidal waves vary, or cycle, regularly at different rates (or ratios). The red wave (top) has the lowest frequency (i.e. cycles at the slowest rate) while the purple wave (bottom) has the highest frequency (cycles at the fastest rate).]]
s with three different frequencies ***f***.]]
**Frequency** is how often an event repeats itself over a set amount of time.

In physics, the **frequency** of a wave is the number of wave crests that pass a point in one second (a wave crest is the peak of the wave).

**Hertz** (symbol Hz) is the unit of frequency.

The relationship between **frequency** and **wavelength** is expressed by the formula: 

where v is speed and \lambda (lambda) is wavelength. The formula for the frequency of light waves is **f = c/\lambda** where the c is the speed of light.

All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum **but** they travel at slower speeds when they travel through a medium that is not a vacuum. Other waves, such as sound waves, travel at much much lower speeds and can not travel through a vacuum.

Examples of electromagnetic waves are: light waves, radio waves, infrared radiation, microwaves, and gamma waves.

## Visualizing electromagnetic waves 
Different types of electromagnetic waves have different frequencies.

### Example 
One way to visualize this is if there were two trains traveling at the same speed, but the size of the train cars was smaller on one train than the other. If someone picked something that was not moving, like a signpost, and then counted how many train cars passed the sign post in one second for each train, they would know the frequency of cars passing in each train. The number and frequency of train cars passing the sign post would be different, because the train with smaller train cars would have more train cars passing the sign post in a second than the train with larger train cars. Knowing how many cars passed the sign post in one second, and knowing the speed of the train, one could figure out mathematically the size of each train car for each train.

For example, if the train was moving at 10 miles per second, and 10 train cars passed in one second, then each train car would be 1 mile long. If the other train was also moving at 10 miles per second and 20 train cars passed in one second, then one would know that each train car was 1/2 of a mile long for that train. This example shows that knowing the frequency of an electromagnetic wave gives you the wavelength, since all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light so that c = v (lambda) where v is frequency and lambda is wavelength, and c is the speed of light. Therefore, another way of expressing frequency is to say *frequency is c over lambda.*

## References
Caspian tiger

The **Caspian tiger** (*Panthera tigris virgata*) is an extinct sub subspecies of the tiger. It was the most western subspecies of the tiger, very close to Europe. They became extinct in the 1970s. They were found in Turkey, Armenia, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Iran, Mongolia, and  Georgia.

Recent research by scientists looking at the tiger's DNA, have found that it is almost identical to the Siberian tiger. They now believe that the two species of tiger may not have become separate until the 1900s.

## Description
The Caspian tiger was the third largest of the tiger species with male specimens weighing between 204-249 kgs (450-550 lbs) and was 1.4 meters tall (4'6 ft) and was 2.4 meters (8 ft). It had small, short ears. The color was different from other tiger subspecies, with yellow to gold fur with light to dark brown stripes. The chest and stomach area are white with yellow stripes. In winter it grew longer fur. It was the furriest of all the tiger subspecies.

## References
Yankee Doodle Dandy

***Yankee Doodle Dandy*** is a 1942 biographical musical movie. It starred James Cagney as George M. Cohan.

## Other websites 
*
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner

'''''Guess Who's Coming to Dinner''''' is a 1967 American comedy-drama movie, starring Spencer Tracy (in his final film role), Katharine Hepburn, Sidney Poitier and Katharine Houghton. It centers around what happens between a young white woman and her parents, after she falls in love with a black man in San Francisco.

## Other websites 
*
Bringing Up Baby

***Bringing Up Baby*** is a 1938 American comedy movie starring Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn and directed by Howard Hawks. It is set in Connecticut.

## Other websites
*
The Searchers

***The Searchers*** is a 1956 epic western movie set in Texas in the 1860s. it is directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne, about a man looking for his niece who was taken by Native Americans. It is also one of the movies that influenced *Star Wars*.

## Other websites 
*
Goodfellas

***Goodfellas*** is a 1990 American biographical crime movie directed by Martin Scorsese. It is about life in the Mafia.

It gained six  for Oscars. It won one (for Joe Pesci's role).  Many people thought the movie was great.

It is set in New York City. The movie is based on the life of mafioso Henry Hill (1943-2012) from 1955 - 1980. *Goodfellas* uses information from New York crime reporter Nicholas Pileggi's book *Wiseguy*.  Scorsese and Pileggi worked together to write the movie.

*Goodfellas* was first shown at the 1990 Venice Film Festival.  Scorsese received the Silver Lion award for Best Director.

Director David Chase said the movie made him want to make the HBO television series *The Sopranos*.

## Cast
## Awards
## References
## Other websites 
*
Soldier

]]

A **soldier** is a person who is a part of an army. A soldier can be forced to join the army (called conscription) or volunteer to join.

## Names and types
There are many different types of soldiers: troopers, tankers, commandos, dragoons, infantrymen, guardians, artillerymen, paratroopers, grenadiers, rangers, snipers, engineers, sappers, craftsmen, signallers, medics, and gunners.

In many countries there are soldiers that have special names for other reasons. For example, military police personnel in the British Army are called "red berets" because their berets are red.

## Related pages
* Military
* Militia
* Marine
* Sailor
* Military ranks

## References
## Other websites
*
String instrument

, a strange type of string instrument with a movable rod under the strings]]
A **string instrument** is a musical instrument that makes sound by vibrating the strings on it. The strings are plucked or bowed to produce sounds. Each string has a different frequency. The desired frequency can be obtained by adjusting the tension on the string. The strings on these instruments usually come in many shapes and forms. There are many types of stringed instruments, the most common of these appearing in the Violin family.  

The Violin is a small, stringed instrument played with a bow, usually made of horse's hair. When the bow is drawn across the strings it creates vibrations which in turn create sound.  You can alter the pitch by pressing your fingers  on the fingerboard. A Violin is commonly tuned to G, D, A and E. The Viola is a very similar instrument aside from some small differences. It's slightly larger, and is tuned to C, G, D, and A. The Cello is another stringed instrument that is played in the bass clef. It's much bigger than the Violin, and is also played much differently. 

There are also plucked strings, the most famous of which would probably be the guitar. The guitar uses a fret board and a pick to pluck the strings while holding down on the fret board. It was made famous by rock groups like Led Zeppelin and artists like Eric Clapton. You play by strumming with one hand while choosing notes on the fret-board (string board) with the other. Banjos are also very similar. You can also pluck a violin, this is called Pizzicato. 

Here is a very basic list of some of the most common stringed instruments:

***Banjo**
***Banjobass**
***Banjocello**
***Banjola**
***Banjolin**
***Banjotar**
***Dobro**
***Dobrobass**
***Dobrocello**
***Dobrola**
***Dobrolin**
***Dobronjo**
***Guitandobass**
***Guitandocello**
***Guitandola**
***Guitandolin**
***Guitanjo**
***Guitar**
***Guitarla**
***Guitarlin**
***Mandobass**
***Mandocello**
***Mandola**
***Mandolin**
***Mandotar**
***Ukela**
***Ukelalin**
***Ukelin**
***Ukulele**
***Violin**
***Viola**
***Violalin**
***Cello**
***Double bass**
***String bass**
***Harp**

## Related pages
* Musical instrument
Yellowstone River

The **Yellowstone River** is a river in the northwestern part of the United States.  It is a tributary of the Missouri River and flows through the states of Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota. It also flows through Yellowstone National Park and feeds Yellowstone Lake. 

The Yellowstone River was first explored in 1806 by William Clark during the return trip of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
## Other websites 
*Fish and Wildlife Service: Upper Missouri River and Yellowstone 
*USGS Site: Lewis and Clark Expedition 
*State of Montana: Yellowstone River Physical Features Inventory 
*State of Montana: Lower Yellowstone Corridor Physical Features Inventory
Unicorn

A **unicorn** is a legendary and mythical creature. It looks like a pony with one long, single white horn on its head. In some pictures unicorns also have horses' feet or a lion's tail. In most myths, a unicorn's blood and horn have mystical powers. 

The word *unicorn* means "one-horned". It comes from the Latin word *ūnus*, which means *one*, and *cornu* which means *horn*, which term is in itself borrowed from the earlier Greek word *monokerōs* (also 'one horned').

The term "unicorn" is also used in business to refer to a business startup valued at a billion dollars or more.

## Around the world 
Unicorns are found in many stories and myths from around the world, especially China and India. In *On the Nature of Animals* (*Περὶ Ζῴων Ἰδιότητος*, *De natura animalium*), Aelian, quoting Ctesias, says that India has a one-horned horse (iii. 41; iv. 52). He writes (xvi. 20) that the *monoceros* () was sometimes called *cartazonos* (), which may be a kind of the Arabic word *karkadann*, meaning "rhinoceros".

In mythology and heraldry, the unicorn symbolizes innocence, purity and feminine power. It is often seen as the counterpart of the lion, which symbolizes the masculine virtues.

In Western culture, a unicorn's horn is said to have power to heal wounds and sickness, and to neutralize poison. This power was often called *alicorn* in medieval times, when stories of unicorns became more popular. People purchased expensive "unicorn horns" that were usually Narwhal horns or walrus tusks.

Christian legends say the unicorn is as small as a normal-sized goat. According to these legends, unicorns are so fearful that no hunter can catch them; only a maiden that goes into the forest alone can catch a unicorn. The unicorn will come and fall asleep in the maiden’s lap.  

The unicorn is the official animal of Scotland. 
## Real animals 

File:Нарвал в российской Арктике.jpg|Male narwhal (Arctic Ocean)
File:Walrus.jpg|Walruses with tusks (Arctic Ocean)
File:World famous.jpg|Indian rhinoceros (Indian subcontinent)
File:Greater One Horned Rhino 8.6.2012 Whytheymatter HI 203197.jpg|Indian rhinoceros (Indian subcontinent)
File:Rhino in Solio Reserve.jpg|White rhinoceros (Sub-Saharan Africa)
File:Scimitar-horned Oryx - July 1, 2008.jpg|Scimitar oryxes (North Africa)
File:Oryx dammah -Marwell Wildlife, Hampshire, England-8a (one horned scimitar oryx).jpg|Scimitar oryx with one horn
File:Oryx gazella (Gemsbok).jpg|Gemsbok (Sub-Saharan Africa)

## References
## Sources
* Lindahl, Carl. "Unicorn." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012. Web.  29 Nov. 2012.
* SuperScience: Mythical Creatures Revealed. Scholastic, May 2006. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. .
Toy

A **toy** is something to play with. Toys are for children, adults, and animals. Before 1970, most toys were made of metal and wood. Now, they are mostly made of plastic. Sometimes they are made of electronic material. Some people also consider video games toys. Toys include balls, plastic cars, and dolls. They also can be sex related products.
, 1959]]
Toys  many years ago. Dolls of infants, animals, and soldiers and toy tools are found in archaeological places. The origin of the word "toy" is not known. However, it is thought that it was first used in the 14th century.

The earliest toys were made from rocks, sticks or clay. In Ancient Egypt, children played with dolls made of clay and sticks. In Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, children played with dolls made of wax or terracotta, sticks, bows and arrows, and yo-yos. Later these developmental games were used in creation of indoor playsets for homes. When Greek children, especially girls became adults, it was required to sacrifice the toys to the gods. On the eve of their wedding, young girls around fourteen would offer their dolls in a temple as a rite of passage into adulthood.

## References 
## Gallery

File:Roman-toys.jpg|Toys from Ancient Rome, including a few that are still played with today, including a doll, dice, rattles, and toy dishes
File:Marbles 01.JPG|Marbles
File:China Doll With Cloth Body Wearing Pink and White Print Dress.jpg|An doll from 1845
File:Teddy bear early 1900s - Smithsonian Museum of Natural History.jpg|A teddy bear
File:Mexican guitars and toys.jpg|Mexican guitars and toys
File:Darts in a dartboard.jpg| A dart board

## References
Darwin, Northern Territory

**Darwin** () is the territorial capital of the Northern Territory in Australia. The city has about 147,000 people living there. The city is named after Charles Darwin. A member of the crew of the ship that started a port there in 1839 named it Port Darwin in honour of Darwin, who had sailed on that same ship earlier.

Most of Darwin has been built since 1974, when Cyclone Tracy ripped through and destroyed the city. Since then, the city has recovered. It is a very important port, because it is on the coast closest to Indonesia and the rest of Asia. Darwin also has a large military base.

Darwin also has many Indigenous Australians living in the city, about 9.7% of the people. This is more than any other state capital in Australia.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Northern Territory

The **Northern Territory** is a territory of Australia. The capital city is Darwin. Other large towns in the Territory include Alice Springs, Katherine and Tennant Creek.

The Northern Territory has large areas of desert. It has many important places such as *Uluru*, or *Ayers Rock*. The rock is sacred to the native people.

Kakadu National Park is a World Heritage area. It has been lived in for more than 40,000 years. There are cave paintings, rock carvings and archaeological sites. These show the skills and way of life of the people who have lived there. The park has different ecosystems, including tidal flats, floodplains, lowlands and rocky gorges. It provides a place to live for a wide range of rare types of plants and animals.

## Floral Emblem 
The floral emblem of the Northern Territory is Sturt's Desert Rose, Gossypium sturtianum. The flower is also featured on the Territory's flag. It was named after explorer Charles Sturt who found the plant in creeks near the site of Broken Hill, New South Wales in 1844.
The Fauna emblem is the Red Kangaroo.

## References
Whiskey Rebellion

)]]
The **Whiskey Rebellion** was a rebellion against the federal government of the United States. Some farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled against the United States government in 1794 because they believed that a new tax on whiskey was not fair. Selling whiskey was how people traded in western Pennsylvania, but farmers elsewhere did not need to sell whiskey. 

The United States had borrowed a large amount of money for the American Revolutionary War, and Alexander Hamilton offered the idea to try to pay the war debt. The government under George Washington, with advice from Alexander Hamilton, quickly stopped the rebellion. Washington and Hamilton wanted to ensure that no one would question the power of the federal government and so Washington himself led almost 13,000 troops to stop the rebellion of a few hundred farmers. The rebels went home before the army arrived.

The new federal government became more solid and the president more powerful. Numerous examples of resistance are recorded in court documents and newspaper accounts.

That is the only time in American history that a president has led the army by himself.

## References
Tom Cruise

**Thomas Cruise Mapother IV** (; born July 3, 1962) is an American actor and producer. He has starred in many movies, including *War of the Worlds* and *Jerry Maguire*. He is one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood.

His first movie was *Endless Love*.  His first leading role was in the movie *Risky Business* and later in *Top Gun.* He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards.  These were for the same movies: *Born on the Fourth of July* (1989), *Jerry Maguire* (1996), and *Magnolia* (1999). He is known for playing the lead role Ethan Hunt in eight *Mission Impossible* films. Other key films are *Vanilla Sky* (2001), *Minority Report* (2002), *The Last Samurai* (2003), *Collateral* (2004), *War of the Worlds* (2005), *Knight and Day* (2010), *Jack Reacher* (2012), *Oblivion* (2013), *Edge of Tomorrow* (2014), *American Made* (2017), and *Top Gun: Maverick* (2022). He won his first Oscar award - for lifetime achievement - on November 16, 2025.

## Early life
Tom Cruise was born in Syracuse, New York. He is the son of Mary Lee, a special education teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III (died 1984), an electrical engineer. Cruise has three sisters, Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass. Cruise's surname originates from his great grandfather, born Thomas Cruise O'Mara, who was renamed "Thomas Cruise Mapother" (Mapother is a Welsh surname). Cruise is of Irish, German and English ancestry. One of his paternal great grandfather, Patrick Russell Cruise, was born in North County Dublin, in 1799 he married Teresa Johnson in Warrenstown House, County Meath, in 1825. They left Ireland for America that same year and settled in New York.

Cruise stands at a height of 5 ft 7 in (170 cm).

Cruise has an adopted daughter and adopted son with his second wife Nicole Kidman. He has a daughter Suri (born April 2006), by Katie Holmes. He and Holmes married in November 2006 and separated in 2012.

## Movie 
## References
## Other websites
*
Orgy (band)

**Orgy** is an American alternative metal band. They formed in 1997 in Los Angeles, California. The band's first hit was Blue Monday, which was a remake of a song by 1980s band New Order. The members of the band are: 
*Jay Gordon - singer
*Bobby Hewitt - drummer
*Ryan Shuck - guitarist
*Amir Derakh - guitar, synthesizer player
*Paige Haley - bass player
Magazine

A **magazine** is a type of book people read. Magazines differ from books because a new issue of the magazine is printed many times each year with new contents. Magazines are a type of periodical. They are called periodicals because editions are published at a fixed frequency. Magazines are similar to newspapers, but usually the time between new issues is longer. Each copy of a magazine costs more money than a newspaper, and many are in color on every page. Sometimes magazines come with little gifts to reward the readers who buy it.  

Magazines are printed on paper. Many people subscribe to them so every issue will be delivered. Others buy them at a newsstand or elsewhere. An example of a magazine is *Time*. There are magazines about many things. Magazines often feature articles, advertisements, and photographs that focus on specific topics like fashion, technology, or entertainment.
## Etymology
## History
## Categories
## Cover
## References
Orgy

:*There is also the alternative metal band Orgy (band).*
 in the Roman city of Herculaneum, showing an orgy]]
* by Édouard-Henri Avril—orgy scene or orgy fantasy]]
In common use, an **orgy** is when more than two people have sex together, sometimes also called **group sex**.
This dates back to prehistoric ages, recorded in many ancient civilizations. 

*Orgy'' could also mean any activity done without limits.

Originally, the word comes from Latin. There it referred to a feast (or a banquet) of a rich citizen. When the Romans ate they were almost lying down, and the food was brought to them by slaves. These slaves would also provide the entertainment which usually consisted of music and dancing slaves and sometimes sex slaves.
Liaoning

**Liaoning** is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. The capital city of Liaoning province is Shenyang. From 1931 to 1945 Japan ruled Liaoning as part of Manchukuo. It is the southernmost province of Manchuria (the three northeastern most provinces of China), which together, along with the "Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region", form the entire northeastern part of China.  

Liaoning is bordered on the northeast by Jilin province, and has a coastline along the Yellow Sea to the southeast. Hebei province and Beijing lie to the southwest. The Yalu River marks the border with North Korea. Dalian is a major port city at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula which juts about 100km south into the Yellow Sea. 

## Other websites
*How to (say or) pronounce, Liaoning. Wikimedia.org
Basin

**Basin** might mean:
*Wash basin, a bowl-shaped container used for washing hands or food
*Drainage basin, the area drained by a river
*Oceanic basin, a low place in the Earth that holds an ocean 
*Sedimentary basin , like the Amazon Basin 
*Basin (geology)
*An open, round container shaped like a bowl with sloping sides, used for holding food or liquid

## References
Heilongjiang

**Heilongjiang** is the northeastern-most province in China. It is considered to part of the region known as Manchuria. It is bordered by Russia on the north and east. To the south is Jilin province, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region lies to the west.

The capital and largest city is Harbin. There had been a considerable foreign population in the region, particularly in Harbin, first by the Russians in the late 19th century, and then by the Japanese in the 20th century.

The land is largely of plains and rolling hills, with relatively few low mountainous areas. The climate is fairly dry with quite cold winters. There are some famous winter "ice festivals" with elaborate snow and ice sculptures.

## Political divisions 
Heilongjiang Province is divided into 12 municipalities and 1 prefecture.

# Harbin Municipality
# Daqing Municipality
# Hegang Municipality
# Heihe Municipality
# Jiamusi Municipality
# Jixi Municipality
# Mudanjiang Municipality
# Qiqihar Municipality
# Qitaihe Municipality
# Shuangyashan Municipality
# Suihua Municipality
# Yichun Municipality
# Daxing'anling Prefecture
Anastacia

**Anastacia Lyn Newkirk**, best known as **Anastacia** , (born September 17, 1968) is an American singer, songwriter and stylist.

Anastacia's father was of German ancestry; her mother is of Irish ancestry.

Anastacia has had several health problems in her life. She was diagnosed with Crohn's disease when she was 13. In early 2003 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and had surgery to remove it. She was again diagnosed with breast cancer in early 2013. On October 1, 2013 she told the media that she has had both of her breasts removed.

## Albums 
* 2000: *Not That Kind*
* 2001: *Freak of Nature*
* 2004: *Anastacia*
* 2005: *Pieces of a Dream*
* 2008: *Heavy Rotation*
* 2012: ''It's a Man's World*
* 2014: *Resurrection*
* 2015: *Ultimate Collection*
* 2017: *Evolution''

## Singles 
* 2000: I'm Outta Love
* 2000: Not That Kind
* 2001: Cowboys & Kisses
* 2001: Made For Lovin' You
* 2001: Paid My Dues
* 2002: One Day in Your Life
* 2002: Boom
* 2002: Why'd You Lie To Me
* 2002: You'll Never Be Alone
* 2003: Love Is a Crime
* 2004: Left Outside Alone
* 2004: Sick And Tired
* 2004: Welcome To My Truth
* 2005: Heavy On My Heart
* 2005: Everything Burns (duet with Ben Moody)
* 2005: Pieces Of A Dream
* 2006: I Belong To You (duet with Eros Ramazzotti)
* 2008: I Can Feel You
* 2008: Absolutely Positively
* 2009: Defeated
* 2009: Stalemate (duet with Ben's Brothers)
* 2010: Safety (duet with Dima Bilan)
* 2010: Burning Star (duet with Natalia Druyts)
* 2011: What Can We Do (A Deeper Love) (duet with Tiësto)
* 2012: If I Was Your Boyfriend (duet with Tony Moran)
* 2012: Dream On
* 2012: Best Of You
* 2014: Stupid Little Things
* 2014: Staring at the Sun
* 2014: Lifeline
* 2015: Take This Chance
* 2015: Army of Me
* 2017: Caught In The Middle

## Duets 
* 1993: Forever Luv (duet with David Morales)
* 1998: Mi Negra, Tu Bombón (duet with Omar Sosa)
* 1999: Tienes Un Solo (duet with Omar Sosa)
* 2000: Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting (duet with Elton John)
* 2001: Let It Be (duet with Paul McCartney, Anastacia other artists)
* 2001: I Ask of You (duet with Luciano Pavarotti)
* 2001: What More Can I Give (duet with Michael Jackson and other artists)
* 2001: Love Is Alive (duet with Vonda Shepard)
* 2001: 911 (duet with Wyclef Jean)
* 2001: I Thought I Told You That (duet with Faith Evans)
* 2002: You Shook Me All Night Long (duet with Celine Dion)
* 2002: Bad Girls (duet with Jamiroquai)
* 2003: We Are the Champions, We Will Rock You, Amandla (duet with Queen, Beyoncé, Bono, Cast and David A. Stewart)
* 2004: I Do (duet with Sonny Sandoval)
* 2005: Everything Burns (duet with Ben Moody)    
* 2006: I Belong to You (duet with Eros Ramazzotti)
* 2007: Sing (duet with Annie Lennox and other artists)
* 2009: Stalemate (duet with Ben's Brother) 
* 2009: Holding Back the Years (duet with Simply Red)
* 2010: Safety (duet with Dima Bilan) 
* 2010: Burning Star (duet with Natalia)
* 2011: What Can We Do (A Deeper Love) (duet with Tiësto)
* 2012: If I Was Your Boyfriend (duet with Tony Moran)
* 2014: "Lifeline / Luce per sempre" (Anastacia and Kekko Fornarelli)

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Branch

.]]
A **branch** is the part of a tree that grows out from the trunk of a tree. The size of a branch may vary depending on the type of tree, the location of the branch relative to the tree, and how healthy the tree is. The term twig usually refers to the end of a branch, while bough refers only to branches coming directly from the trunk.
Spoon

spoon]]
 spoon]]
 a wooden spoon in Tanzania]]

A **spoon** is a tool for eating. It is usually used for eating foods that are like liquids (like soup and yogurt), and it can also be used for . Humans use spoons every day. Some solids (like cereal and ice cream) are also usually eaten with spoons. A ladle is a bigger type of serving spoon used for soup, stew, or other foods.

There are many different types of spoons. There are dessert spoons, soup spoons, baby spoons, teaspoons, tablespoons and others. There are also spoons that are collector items and are worth a lot of money. Some musicians even use two spoons as a musical instrument like a castanet.

Spoons have been used as tools for eating since Paleolithic times. Prehistoric peoples probably used shells, or small pieces of wood as spoons. Both the Greek and Latin words for spoon come from the word *cochlea*, which is a spiral-shaped  snail shell. The Anglo-Saxon word *spoon*, means a chip or splinter of wood.

## References
Key

A **key** is an  used to open and close locks. Many things have locks, for example, doors. Keys are also used to turn on cars, machines and other things. 

A key is used by placing the key into the slot of the thing you want to unlock.

A key that can open more than one lock (if each lock also has its own key) is called a master key or skeleton key. The key can open doors and lock doors.

## History
The earliest known lock and key device was discovered in the ruins of Nineveh, the capital of ancient Assyria. Locks such as this were later developed into the Egyptian wooden pin lock, which consisted of a bolt, door fixture or attachment, and key. When the key was inserted, pins within the fixture were lifted out of drilled holes within the bolt, allowing it to move. When the key was removed, the pins fell part-way into the bolt, preventing movement.

The warded lock was also present from antiquity and remains the most recognizable lock and key design in the Western world. The first all-metal locks appeared between the years 870 and 900, and are attributed to the English craftsmen. It is also said that the key was invented by Theodorus of Samos in the 6th century BC.

Affluent Romans often kept their valuables in secure locked boxes within their households, and wore the keys as rings on their fingers. The practice had two benefits: It kept the key handy at all times, while signaling that the wearer was wealthy and important enough to have money and jewelry worth securing.

## Further reading 
* Phillips, Bill. (2005). *The Complete Book of Locks and Locksmithing.* McGraw-Hill. .
* Alth, Max (1972). *All About Locks and Locksmithing.* Penguin. 
* Robinson, Robert L. (1973). *Complete Course in Professional Locksmithing* Nelson-Hall. 

## Other websites 
* Historical locks by Raine Borg and ASSA ABLOY
* Picking Locks *Popular Mechanics*
Cutlery

**Cutlery** refers to tools used for preparing, serving and eating food. The most common types of cutlery are knives, spoons and forks. Other words for cutlery are silverware, tableware, utensils and flatware.

The best quality cutlery may be made of silver, but more often silver plating. Stainless steel is used for most good quality household cutlery. Pewter was often used in the past for cheap cutlery. Nickel silver, sometimes called German silver, is another alloy, with copper, nickel, and zinc in it. Plastic cutlery is used for eating fast food, because it is very cheap, and may be thrown away afterwards.  

Serving practice and use of cutlery varies somewhat between cultures. Formal dinners have cutlery set out in a traditional manner. There will be two sets of knives and forks, an outer smaller set for the first course and a larger inner set for the main course. Cutlery for later courses will usually be delivered with those courses. In an informal restaurant, cutlery may come wrapped in a cloth napkin (serviette).

Chinese and Japanese food is eaten with chopsticks, and food pre-cut to a size suitable for that method. Some other oriental cuisines are eaten by fork and spoon, with no knife.
Vase

vase]]
A **vase** is a container, often used for flowers. They can be made from a number of materials, including glass and ceramics. Many vases are decorated or painted but some are left plain. It sometimes is used for decorations in American and Chinese homes. It can be a big part of culture in many countries.
Sensory system

s into nerve impulses: the brain's visual cortex turns the impulses into information which the brain can handle. ly, we feel we see the world 'directly'. Actually, the brain has constructed what we see from data given to it by our eyes.]]

The **sensory system** is the way animals find out about their nearby environment and their bodies. To do this they have special devices for collecting data called sense organs. The sense organs act as transducers: they turn energy from the outside or inside of the body into nerve signals. The signals are then very rapidly processed by the brain. The whole arrangement is the sensory system.

It is usual to say the sensory system has five senses:
# Hearing is the sense of sound. Ears hear sounds.
# Sight is the sense of seeing. Eyes see.
# Touch is the sense of feeling. Sense organs feel.
# Taste is the sense of the flavor. Tongues taste.
# Smell is the sense of scent or odor. Noses smell.

There are other senses. For example, we have a sense of equilibrioception which checks our balance, and proprioception which is the sense of the relative position of one's own parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement. Fishes have a sense system which no land animal has. It is called the lateral line system. This senses movement and vibration in the water pressure and other functions. Some fish can sense patterns of electrical current in the water.

## Handling the data 
A huge amount of data comes in from the sensory system. About 11 million pieces of information *per second* is one estimation, of which ten million comes from our eyes. Of this huge number we only handle about 40 in our conscious mind. The rest is handled non-consciously.

## References
Scene

**Scene** can mean:
* A certain place in a movie or play where a part of the story takes place.
* A part of a culture made up of people who have a common interest, usually in a certain type of music. ("Dark clothes are a part of the emo scene.")
* A style based upon "emo", where individuals dye the hair with many bright colours, and wear neon pieces of clothing in general. This is similar to a raver.
* Scene (British TV series)
Inspector Gadget

***Inspector Gadget*** is an  animated children's television series that ran from 1983 to 1986. It was the first show produced by DiC Entertainment.

On the show, Inspector Gadget is a cyborg detective and secret agent, who must stop an evil organization called "MAD", lead by Dr. Claw. He is usually helped by his niece, Penny, and his dog, Brain. Gadget has many gadgets and special devices inside his body, hence his name. He uses these when searching in a case, but he is not very smart. Yet with the help of Penny and Brain, he ends up saving the day.

Elements of the franchise pay homage to the 1960s series *Get Smart.* Gadget's voice was even provided by Don Adams who was the star of Get Smart. Other elements are homages to things like Inspector Clouseau from the *Pink Panther* movie series.

In 1999, Matthew Broderick played the title character in Disney's live-action adaptation.
Syndicated

**Syndicated** means a television program being shown on a different television network than the one that first showed the program. A syndicated program can also be a program that was not made for a television network. These types of programs are made and then sold to many different television stations to be shown.

There are different types of syndication:
***First run syndication**: First run syndicated programs are programs that are shown for the first time as syndicated programs. These programs were not made to be shown by a network. Programs that are made in one country and then are shown in other countries are often first run syndicated program.
***Off network syndication**: Off network syndicated programs are programs that were first shown on a television network. Later, that network sold the program to other networks or stations so that they can also show it. These programs are also called re-runs.
***Public broadcasting syndication**: PBS makes only some of its programs. Many of the shows are bought from people who make syndicated programs.

## Popular examples of syndicated series
;First run series
*Andromeda
*Baywatch
*Mutant X
*Hercules: The Legendary Journeys
*Star Trek: The Next Generation
*Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
*Xena: Warrior Princess
*Xuxa

;Off network series
*Cheers
*CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
*Everybody Loves Raymond
*Seinfeld
*The X-Files
*The Simpsons
*The Big Bang Theory
Square root

In mathematics, a **square root** of a number *x* is another number that, when multiplied by itself (squared), becomes *x*. When it is not negative, it is represented by the symbol \sqrt{x}, and called the principal square root of *x*. For example, 3 is the square root of 9, because 3×3=9. Only numbers bigger than or equal to zero have real square roots. The square root of zero is zero.

An important number is the square root of 2, which is an irrational number. Its value is around 1.41421.

Square roots of negative numbers are called imaginary numbers - they are not real numbers. Every complex number, except 0, has two square roots that are imaginary numbers. For example, −1 has two square roots. We call them i and -i. We also consider the number i as the principal square root of −1, and call it the imaginary unit.

The sign for a square root is made by putting a bent line over a number. For example: \sqrt 4. This is read as "the square root of 4".

A whole number with a square root that is also a whole number is called a perfect square. The first few perfect squares are: 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324, 361, 400, 441, 484, 529, 576, 625, 676, 729, 784, 841, 900, 961, 1024, 1089, 1156, 1225.

Below is a table of square roots (rounded to 3 decimal places).

## Origin of the symbol 
It is not really known where the square root symbol \sqrt{\,\,} comes from, but some people believe that it was from the letter *r*, which is the first letter of the Latin word *radix* (used in many languages). Radix means the root or base. Thus, radix quadratum from Latin refers most likely to the base of a square. Since the sides of a square are all equal, the word "radix" may be thought to mean a side of a square.

## Related pages 
* Methods of computing square roots
* nth root

## References 
## Other websites 
* Table of square and square roots, 1-100  -The Math Forum
Hailstone

A **hailstone** is a round ball of ice which falls out of a storm cloud. About 5000 hailstorms per year in the United States of America make hail 0.75 in or larger. The drop grows by collecting many cloud drops. The little drop is blown by a strong wind inside the cloud to where it meets with some extremely cold water drops. These supercooled drops are still liquid water even though the temperature is below freezing. When the little drop mixes with these extremely cold drops, they join, and the little drop has now become a hailstone.

## Related pages 
* Ice pellets
* Sleet (disambig page)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Hail Research Information Center 
* Hail factsheet 
* The Economic Costs of Hail Storm Damage  NOAA Economics
* https://stormmaps.com/pages/hail-impact-reports  NOAA Economics
; Images
* Hail and hailstorms 
* Major hail event in Brazil 
* NOAA Hail Reports on Google map (non commercial)
Bucket

bucket.]]
A **bucket** is a container with a wide open top and a handle that is mainly used for carrying liquids.  In some cases, solids may also be carried in a bucket (like sand which is hard to carry in your hands).

Some buckets are used for work, and some more for leisure, as seen here  . A bucket used for work is often made of a strong material such as iron or steel and is used to carry things like coal or soil. A bucket used for leisure, e.g. for making sandcastles, is normally made of plastic.

In rare cases, a bucket may be worn as a piece of clothing, people may wear a bucket on their heads for humorous reasons. Buckethead is a famous example of this.

A free open source Minecraft server mod called Bukkit, an intentional misspelling of "Bucket" is very popular for Minecraft server development.
Brake

A **brake** is a device for slowing or  a moving machine part. The most common brakes are for wheels, such as those on cars and bicycles.

The kinetic energy lost by the moving part is usually converted into heat by friction. There are also regenerative braking systems that store some of the energy in a flywheel or capacitor, or convert it to electricity to store in a battery or send to some other machine. The first braking systems were used on horse-drawn vehicles. The horse accelerated the cart to relatively high speeds and could not cope with its stopping by itself. The first mechanisms braked the wheel itself by means of a manual lever or a system of levers.

The first braking systems were used on horse-drawn vehicles. The horse accelerated the cart to high speeds and could not cope with its stopping by itself. The brake used a manual lever or a system of levers to press a wooden block onto the wheel, slowing it by friction. In wet weather, it was ineffective. Later, faster vehicles such as bicycles, trains and automobiles needed much better brakes, and many kinds were invented. Even some airplanes have brakes to slow them in the air.

## Related pages 
* Railway brake

## References
Emmy Award

The **Emmy Awards** are United States television production awards which are given out each year. They are the television version of the Academy Awards. The first Emmy Awards were given out on January 25, 1949 at the Hollywood Athletic Club. Shirley Dinsdale was the very first person to be given an Emmy in the first awards ceremony.

Three organizations give Emmy Awards:

* The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences gives the award for American prime time entertainment (not including sports).
* The National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences gives the award for daytime, sports, news, and documentary programming.
* The International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences gives the award for programming that is created outside the United States.

The best-known of the awards are the Primetime Emmy Awards (some of which are named "Creative Arts Emmys") and the Daytime Emmy Awards.

The Emmy Awards is a statuette of a woman with wings holding an atom. It was created by television engineer Louis McManus, using his wife as a model. The trophies are made by a company that has a manufacturing site at the El Dorado Correctional Facility, a prison in El Dorado, Kansas.

## Other websites
* Primetime Emmy Awards 
* Daytime Emmy Awards
* International Emmy Awards 
* Emmy Awards  at the Internet Movie Database
Maggie Simpson

**Margaret Lenny "Maggie" Simpson** is a fictional character shown in the animated television series *The Simpsons*. She is a baby.

## Character 
Like most babies, Maggie copies what she sees around her. She once hit Homer on the head with a mallet, shot a suction dart at his picture and attacked him with a pencil in imitation of *Itchy and Scratchy*. Maggie is also very accurate with a gun, she shot Mr. Burns in "Who Shot Mr. Burns?".

### Characteristics 
During the early episodes, Maggie's well-known feature would be to trip over her clothes and fall on her face causing a loud smack on the floor. Throughout the early episodes, Maggie fell down 39 times.

## History 
### Creation 
Maggie was named after Matt Groening's sister Maggie Groening.  She often sucked on a pacifier and wore a sleep suit like Maggie. Groening thought that it would be funny to have a baby character that did not talk and never grew up, but showed any emotions that the scene needed.

### Voice 
With few exceptions, Maggie never speaks but is  of what is going around her. Maggie has spoken in "Good Night", the first cartoon to air on *The Tracey Ullman Show*. When the rest of the family falls asleep, she speaks and her voice is played by Liz Georges.

Maggie's first word spoken in the normal television show of the series happened in "Lisa's First Word", when she was voiced by Elizabeth Taylor and says, "Daddy" in an empty room. Elizabeth Taylor as Maggie was later named the 13th greatest guest spot in the history of the show.  James Earl Jones, who voiced Maggie in "Treehouse of Horror V" was in seventh place.  She would later have small sentences in "Treehouse of Horror IX", voiced by Harry Shearer, who used his Kang voice.  Her squeaks and occasional speaking parts are regularly done by Nancy Cartwright or Yeardley Smith. Jodie Foster voiced the Howard Roark-inspired Maggie in the Season 20 episode "Four Great Women and a Manicure".

## References
## Other websites
* Biography from the official Simpsons website
* Maggie's page at BBC.co.uk 
* The Maggie File  unofficial trivia compilation
* The Cutest Baby
Pin

]]
A **pin** is an object used to attach something to a surface. It is usually metal or plastic. Pins are usually sharp and are cheap to buy.

## Types of pins
* Bobby pin
* Hairpin
* Push pin
* Cotter pin
* Clevis pin
* Safety pin
Crown

]]
, Egypt, and belonging to a noblewoman of the Ptolemaic dynasty (220–100 BC): the clasp is shaped as a Herakles knot]]

A **crown** is a type of headdress worn by a monarch. They are usually worn when they are crowned or at important occasions. Also, crowns are now used as a symbol of the monarchy. They are also won by beauty pageant winners. 

"Crown" is also a synonym for prize or reward. Crowns are awarded or won at contests. Beauty contests award crowns to the winning participant, for example. Couples chosen the King and Queen at a dance also receive crowns. 

## Diadem 
A **diadem** is a type of crown, an ornamental headband worn by monarchs and others as a badge of royalty. 

## Related pages 
*Papal tiara
1780s

The **1780s** was a decade that began on 1 January 1780 and ended on 31 December 1789. It is distinct from the decade known as the  which began on January 1, 1781 and ended on December 31, 1790.

## Events 
* American Revolutionary War ends
* George Washington becomes first President of the United States.
* United States Constitution
* French Revolution begins

## World leaders 
* King Louis XVI (France)
* King George III (Great Britain)
* Emperor Joseph II (Holy Roman Empire)
* Frederick II of Prussia, King of Prussia
* Frederick William II of Prussia, King of Prussia
* Pope Pius VI
* Empress Catherine II (Russia)
* King Charles III (Spain)
* King Charles IV (Spain)
* Shahs of Persia (Zand dynasty)
# Sadiq Khan, 1779–1782
# Ali Murad Khan, 1782–1785
# Jafar Khan, 1785–1789
# Lotf Ali Khan, 1789–1794

## Births 
* Washington Irving, American author (1783)
* Simón Bolívar, Venezuelan patriot, revolutionary leader and statesman (1783)

## Deaths 
* Empress Maria Theresa of Austria
1510s

The **1510s** was a decade that began on 1 January 1510 and ended on 31 December 1519. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***152th decade*** which began on January 1, 1511 and ended on December 31, 1520.

## Events 
*Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church, starting the Reformation.
*Protestant Reformation
*Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire conquers Palestine and Egypt, and declares himself Caliph. 
*Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. 
*Ferdinand Magellan leaves Europe to go around the world.

## Births 
*Saint Teresa of Avila, Spanish Carmelite nun and poet

## Deaths 
*Leonardo da Vinci, Italian inventor and painter