open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Alain Prost

**Alain Prost** (born 24 February 1955 in Lorette, France) is a French retired automobile racer and Formula One World Champion. His nickname is "Professor".

Prost is the one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time. He won the championship four times: 1985, 1986, 1989 and 1993. Only Lewis Hamilton (7), Michael Schumacher (7) and Juan Manuel Fangio (5) have won more times than Prost.

## Formula One 
]]
He started driving with McLaren in 1980. From 1981 until 1983, he was racing for Renault F1. Prost returned to McLaren in 1984 and raced for them until 1989. During this time he won his first three championships. Prost left McLaren to race for Scuderia Ferrari in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, Prost took a year off from racing. He returned to racing in 1993 with WilliamsF1. Prost retired from racing after winning his fourth title in that year.

Prost raced in 202 Grand Prix races between 1980 and 1993. He held the record for most wins with 51 until 2001. He was in the pole position in 33 of those races and had the fastest lap time in 41 races.

## Career in numbers 
### Comparison with team-mates 
In his career, Prost beat nearly all his team-mates on total points, including five World Champions. Only in 1980 he lost by a point and in 1984 by half a point.

## Formula One results 
(Races in **bold** mean pole position, races in *italics* show fastest lap)

## Related pages 
* Formula 1
* Juan Manuel Fangio

## References 
## Other websites 
* Grand Prix History - Hall of Fame , Alain Prost
* Alain Prost statistics
Howard Carter

, in 1922.]]

**Howard Carter** (9 May 1874 – 2 March 1939) was an English archaeologist. His mother was Martha Carter and his father was Samuel Carter. As a young man he worked for the Egyptian Antiquities Service. Later, he was the man who found King Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922. 

The discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb was an accident. Howard Carter's waterboy stumbled across some steps leading under the desert surface. Lord Carnarvon, a sponsor of Carter's work, was impatient of the slow progress at this point. If the discovery had not been made then, it likely would not have happened at all.

## References
Blackout

In medicine, the word **blackout** is a form of amnesia. The amnesia may be complete or partial. Such an amnesia can be provoked by: 
* Stress (biology) for example, before an examination.
* Alcohol: People suffering from such a conditions may also lose consciousness for a certain time.
* Interrupting the supply of oxygen or blood to the brain
* Injuries to the brain
* Various illnesses

After the cause is gone full mental powers are usually restored, although there may be a blank in memory.
University of Tokyo

The , also known as , is a university in Tokyo, Japan. It is the oldest and most difficult to get into among all the universities in Japan.

## History
The modern university was established in 1877.  It merged older government schools for medicine and Western learning.

In 1886, the name was changed to . and 15 graduate schools.
### Faculties and Colleges
* Faculty of Agriculture
* College & Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
* Faculty & Graduate School of Economics
* Faculty & Graduate School of Education
* Faculty & Graduate School of Engineering
* Faculty of Law
* Faculty of Letters
* Faculty of & Graduate School Medicine
* Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
* Faculty of & Graduate School Science

### Graduate Schools
* Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
* Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology
* Graduate School of Information Science and Technology
* Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies
* Graduate Schools for Law and Politics
* Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences
### Research Institutes
The University of Tokyo has the following research institutes.
#### Non-Scientific Institutes
* Institute of Oriental Culture
* Institute of Social Science
#### Scientific Institutes
* Institute of Medical Science
* Earthquake Research Institute
* Institute of Industrial Science
* Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences
* Institute for Cosmic Ray Research
* Institute for Solid State Physics
* Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
* Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology

## Notable alumni
### National leaders
17 prime ministers of Japan have studied at the University of Tokyo. 
* Reijirō Wakatsuki
* Osachi Hamaguchi
* Kōki Hirota
* Kiichirō Hiranuma
* Kijūrō Shidehara
* Shigeru Yoshida
* Tetsu Katayama
* Hitoshi Ashida
* Ichirō Hatoyama
* Nobusuke Kishi
* Eisaku Satō
* Takeo Fukuda
* Yasuhiro Nakasone
* Kiichi Miyazawa
* Yukio Hatoyama
### Nobel Prize receivers
Ten alumni of the University of Tokyo have received the Nobel Prize.
*Yasunari Kawabata, Literature, 1968
*Leo Esaki, Physics, 1973
*Eisaku Satō, Peace, 1974
*Kenzaburō Ōe, Literature, 1994
*Masatoshi Koshiba, Physics, 2002
*Yoichiro Nambu, Physics, 2008
*Ei-ichi Negishi, Chemistry, 2010
*Takaaki Kajita, Physics, 2015
*Yoshiro Ohsumi, Physiology, 2016
*Shyukuro Manabe, Physics, 2021
Apart from them, two Nobel Prize winners did their PhD at the University of Tokyo: Shin'ichirō Tomonaga and Satoshi Ōmura. A few more Nobel Prize winners have worked at the University of Tokyo.

### Others
Other graduates also include Masao Iri, Masatake Mori, Masaaki Sugihara and Toshio Irie.

## Related pages
* University of Tokyo Press
* List of national universities in Japan
* Earthquake engineering
* Tansei
* Kyoto University

## References
## Other websites
B'z

'''B'z''' is a Japanese hard rock band. It is made up of Takahiro Matsumoto (guitar) and Koshi Inaba (singer). B'z started playing on September 21, 1988. The band has sold more than 70 million CDs. They have had 19 albums sell over 1 million copies each.

## Support Member 
## Other websites 
* B'z Official Website (Japanese Version)  Japanese version of the official website. Includes message from both members and news about the band (in Japanese).
* B'z Official Website  English Version of Official Website
* B'z Net Party  Unofficial B'z Fan Forum
* B'z Fanatics First American B'z Website (now defunct)
* B'z Online Music Site  The Most Complete Website about B'z. Including lyrics & translation, full discography listing, pictures and such!
* B'z no bise  Translations in French and news
Implicit derivative

**Implicit derivatives** are derivatives of implicit functions. This means that they are not in the form of y = f(x) (explicit function), and are instead in the form 0 = f(x,y) (implicit function). It might not be possible to rearrange the function into the form y=f(x). To use implicit differentiation, we use the chain rule, 

:\frac{\mathrm{d}t}{\mathrm{d}x} = \frac{\mathrm{d}t}{\mathrm{d}y}\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}

If we let t = f(y), then, 

:\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}f(y) = \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}y}f(y)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = f'(y)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}

## Example
:x = 6y^2 + 5x^4 - y^3

:1 = 6\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}y^2 + 20x^3 - \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}y^3

Which we can work out to be equivalent to, using the above,
:1 - 20x^3 = 6\cdot2y\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} - 3y^2\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}

Then we can isolate \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}
:1 - 20x^3 = \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\left[12y - 3y^2\right]

Then divide to get, 

:\frac{1 - 20x^3}{12y - 3y^2} = \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}
2004 Redfern riots

The **Redfern Riots** on 14 February 2004 happened in the inner Sydney suburb of Redfern after the death of '''Thomas 'TJ' Hickey''', a 17-year-old Australian Aboriginal. 

The boy was riding home from his girlfriend's house on his bicycle when he saw a police car and thought it was chasing him. Police later said the police car was looking for a different person. While the police chased him, Hickey lost control of his bicycle and rode into a spiked fence.

Friends and relatives came together at The Block to mourn. Fliers were given out, which said it was the police's fault that the boy died. Unhappy aboriginal youths arrived from other parts of Sydney at the Redfern railway station. The police closed the entrance to the station, but the crowd had turned violent and began to throw bottles, bricks and Molotov cocktails. 

The violence became a full riot around The Block, during which Redfern railway station was burning for a short time and was heavily damaged. The riot went on into the early morning, until police used Fire Brigade water hoses to get the crowd apart. One car, stolen in a western suburb, was burnt, and 40 police officers were hurt.

## Related pages
* 2005 Macquarie Fields riots
* 2005 Cronulla riots

## Other websites 
* Redfern riots special  (Sydney Morning Herald) - several stories about the riots and its endings.

## References
Rhön

on a phonolite rock]]
The **Rhön** are a group of low mountains in central Germany, in the states Hesse, Bavaria and Thuringia. They are the product of ancient volcanic activity and are separated from the Vogelsberg Mountains by the Fulda River and its valley. 

These mountains are a popular tourist attraction. Hikers come for the nearly 6,000&nbsp;km (3,750 miles) of tracks through the picturesque scenery, and gliding has been done here since the early Twentieth century. Nowadays people come here to stay on a farm during holidays, too.

Since 1991, UNESCO has declared the Rhön a Biosphere Reserve. 

The highest mountains of the Rhön are:
*Wasserkuppe 950 m (3,110&nbsp;ft), (Hessian Rhön)
*Kreuzberg (mountain) 928 m (3,040&nbsp;ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
*Schwabenhimmel 926 m (3,040&nbsp;ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
*Heidelstein 913 m (3,000&nbsp;ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
*Milseburg 835 m (2,740&nbsp;ft) (Hessian Rhön)
*Feuerberg 832 m (2,730&nbsp;ft) (Bavarian Rhön)
*Ellenbogen 814 m (2,670&nbsp;ft) (Thuringian Rhön)

## Other websites 
*Rhön tourism portal
*The Rhön hiking club (in German) 
*white pages and websites of Fulda and the hessian Rhön (in German) 
*360 degree virtual tour through the hessian Rhön (in German) 
*Orchids of the Rhön, with many informations about Rhön's nature (in German)

Rhoen_Berge_mg-k.jpg|Landscape of central **Rhön**
Rhoen_Wasserkuppe.jpg|Wasserkuppe, highest point of Rhön and also Hesse
Rhoen_Schneetreiben_mg-k.jpg|Winter in the Rhön
Rhönlandschaft bei Tann.JPG|Rhön landscape near Tann (in June)
Werder Bremen

The **Sport-Verein Werder von 1899 e. V. Bremen** is a German football club playing in the city of Bremen. The club was founded in 1899 as *FV Werder* by a group of sixteen high school students. The students had won a football as prize in a  tug of war competition. In 1920 the name was changed from FV to SV werder Bremen. In this year chess, baseball, cricket and  track and field athletics  became part of the club. But football was and still is the most important part of the club.

The name "Werder" is a not very common regional word which means "River peninsula". The first play ground of Werder Bremen was beside the Weser river. Today they play in the Weserstadion.

The club's first team plays in the German Bundesliga. The second team of Werder Bremen is playing in Germanys 4th league. The women team is playing in the Second Bundesliga. Their colors are green and white (Grün und Weiß).

## Current squad 
## Coaching staff
, who has been managing Werder Bremen from 1999 to 2013.]]

## League position 
### Former position 
## Honours
### Germany
***German Bundesliga** (4): 1965, 1988, 1993, 2004
***German Cup** (6): 1961, 1991, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009
### International
*** Cup winner-Cup **: 1992
***UEFA-Cup-final**: 2009
## Manager history
*Willi Multhaup  1963-1965  
*Günter Brocker  1965-04.09.1967    
*Fritz Langner  09.09.1967-1969    
*Fritz Rebell  1969-16.03.1970  
*Hans Tilkowski  17.03.1970-1970  
*Robert Gebhardt  1970-26.09.1971  
*Willi Multhaup  27.09.1971-24.10.1971   
*Josef Piontek  25.10.1971-07.05.1972    
*Fritz Langner  08.05.1972-1972    
*Josef Piontek  1972/1975  
*Herbert Burdenski  1975-28.02.1976    
*Otto Rehhagel  29.02.1976-1976   
*Hans Tilkowski  1976-22.12.1977    
*Fred Schulz  02.01.1978-1978    
*Wolfgang Weber  1978-29.01.1980    
*Fritz Langner  20.02.1980-1980    
*Kuno Klötzer  1980-1981    
*Otto Rehhagel  01.04.1981-1995    
*Aad de Mos  1995-09.01.96    
*Hans-Jürgen Dörner  14.01.96 - 20.08.97    
*Wolfgang Sidka  01.09.1997 - 22.10.1998    
*Felix Magath  22.10.1998 - 09.05.1999    
*Thomas Schaaf  10.05.1999 - 15.05.2013
*Wolfgang Rolff 15.05.2013 -    

## Notable players
*Frank Baumann ( 1999-2009)
*Arnold Schütz (1955-1972)
*Dieter Burdenski (1972-1988, goalkeeper coach 1997-2005)
*Horst-Dieter Höttges (1964-1978)
*Marco Bode (1988-2002)
*Andreas Herzog (1992-1995)
## Team records
*Marco Bode 101 goals
*Dieter Burdenski 444 matches in the German Bundesliga
*Horst-Dieter Höttges 66 matches for the German football national team
*Werder Bremen - DSC Arminia Bielefeld  8:1  (2007) Werder Bremen - Offenbacher Kickers  8:1  (1983) highest victory
*Eintracht Frankfurt - Werder Bremen  9:2  (1981) highest score in lost match

## References
LZ 129 Hindenburg

The **LZ 129 Hindenburg** was a large German airship, built in 1936. It was named in honor of the  German field marshal and statesman Paul von Hindenburg. Such airships are called Zeppelin. Along with another Zeppelin, LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin, it was the biggest airship in the world at the time it was built.

The Zeppelin gained lots of publicity and became very famous. The boxer Max Schmeling flew on it back to Germany after defeating Joe Louis in the United States. It was also present during the opening ceremony of the 1936 Summer Olympics which were held in Berlin. This attention was part of the Zeppelin company's plan to offer a fleet of their airships for trans-atlantic service. 

## The disaster 
On May 6, 1937, the Hindenburg was landing in New Jersey after a transatlantic flight, when it burst into flames. 36 people died and many were injured.  The Hindenburg was destroyed by the burning of the hydrogen that was inside it.  There are many opinions on what started the fire.   

An announcer, Herbert Morrison reported the landing and then screamed and said, "Oh the humanity" after it caught on fire. Morrison's line is now famous around the world as well as photos and film footage of the disaster.

The rock group Led Zeppelin used a picture of the fire for the cover of their self-titled debut album.
Vogelsberg Mountains

The **Vogelsberg Mountains** are a group of low mountains in central Germany. They are in the middle of the state of Hessen. They are the product of ancient volcanic activity and are separated from the Rhön Mountains by the Fulda River and its valley.

The Vogelsberg is about 19 million years old. It is Germany's only shield volcano. It is the largest basalt formation of Central Europe. It consists of many layers which fall downward from their peak in ring-shaped terraces to the base.

The highest mountains of the Vogelsberg are Taufstein, 773 m (2,536&nbsp;ft), and Hoherodskopf, 763 m (2,503&nbsp;ft). Both are now in a national park, the Hoher Vogelsberg Nature Reserve.
De Lorean Motor Company

The **DeLorean Motor Company** was a car manufacturer formed by John DeLorean in 1975.  The company only made one car during its existence - the DMC-12, which has featured in the science fiction series *Back to the Future* as a time machine created by Doc Emmett Brown.

In 1957, John Z. DeLorean decided to create his own sports car.  It was one of his childhood dreams.  He created the DeLorean Motors Company near Belfast, Northern Ireland, and his project was helped by the British government.  His first car, the DMC-12, was produced in 1981.  When the car was publicly launched, the car was a success, and 6,539 DMC-12s were produced in 1981.  The car was expensive, and regarded as underpowered for its cost.

Production of the DMC-12 continued until 1983, when the DeLorean Motors Company had money problems.  John Z. De Lorean was later arrested by police for trafficking cocaine. Production of DeLorean cars was stopped.

At present, 6000 De Lorean are used regularly by their owners, and a big majority is in the USA.

## References
Stargate SG-1

***Stargate SG-1*** is a science fiction television program. It takes place after the movie *Stargate*. The show started on July 27, 1997 on the TV channel *Showtime*, from 1997 to 2002, and then on the TV channel *Sci Fi*, from 2002 to 2007. The first episode, "Children of the Gods" was two hours long and was rated R because of a scene of nudity. It is the only episode in the series that was rated. The show ended with the episode, "Unending" on March 13, 2007.

The show follows the missions of a secret military operation known as the Stargate Program. It is run out of a base under Cheyenne Mountain, known as Stargate Command (commonly called the SGC). The plot of the show revolves around the flagship team, called SG-1. The team is made up of Colonel Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson), Dr. Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks), Major Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping), and Teal'c (Christopher Judge).

## Episodes
Season 1:
# Children of the Gods
# The Enemy Within
# Emancipation
# The Broca Divide
# The First Commandment
# Cold Lazarus
# The Nox
# Brief Candle
# Thor's Hammer
# The Torment of Tantalus
# Bloodlines
# Fire and Water
# Hathor
# Singularity
# Cor-ai
# Enigma
# Solitudes
# Tin Man
# There But for the Grace of God
# Politics
# Within the Serpent's Grasp

## Related pages
* Stargate Atlantis
* Stargate Universe

## Other websites 
* SciFi Channel *Stargate* Website 
* *Stargate SG-1* Official Site 
* 
* GateWorld
Enchilada

**Enchilada** is a traditional Mexican dish. The words comes from *enchilar*, which means *add Chili peppers to something*. The traditional enchilada sauce mainly consists of Chile peppers. The basis for the enchilada is tortilla, made from maize. After that,a certain kind of meat (usually birds, like chicken or turkey) is added. Some people also add onions and cheese. 
## Recipes
*Easy Enchiladas 
*Enchiladas Suiza 
*Enchiladas Verde (Green Enchiladas)
*Breakfast Enchiladas 
*Enchilame
Byzantine art

of Christ in the Hagia Sophia]]
**Byzantine art** is a form of Christian Greek art of the Eastern Roman Empire (now called the Byzantine Empire) from about the 5th century to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.

However, the term can also be for other the art of countries who shared their culture with the Byzantine Empire, including Bulgaria, Serbia and Rus. The Republic of Venice and Kingdom of Sicily can also be included even though they were part of Western European culture. Art that was produced by Balkan and Anatolian Christians who lived in the Ottoman Empire is often called "post-Byzantine." Certain traditions that began in the Byzantine Empire, particularly icon painting and church architecture, are still current in Greece, Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries.

## Related pages
* Icon 
* Basilica 
* Tempera 
* Mosaic 
* List of Renaissance artists

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Glory of Byzantium. Exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Stargate Atlantis

***Stargate Atlantis*** is a television series. It is a spin-off of the *Stargate SG-1* series. The series starts at the beginning of the eighth season of *Stargate SG-1*. Mika McKinnon was a science adviser for this show and *Stargate Universe*.

## Story 
The main subject of the seventh season of *Stargate SG-1* was researching and locating the city of the Ancients. At the end of the seventh season, SG-1 discovered that the city is on Earth, under the ices of Antarctica. But it was in fact only a beachhead. Doctor Daniel Jackson finds the coordinates of the real city. Its name is Atlantis (the legendary ancient city), and it's in the Pegasus galaxy. The address was hard to find because it needs eight chevrons, the seventh of which is used to indicate the galaxy.

## References
## Other websites 
*MGM: *Stargate Atlantis* 
*SCI FI: *Stargate Atlantis* 
*
**Stargate Atlantis* episode guide at GateWorld
**Stargate Atlantis Links Directory* at GateGuide
Wrigley, Northwest Territories

**Wrigley** is a Canadian community in the Northwest Territories.
In 2021, 117 people lived there.

## References
Stress

**Stress** could mean:

## Mechanical 
* Stress (mechanics) 
* Yield stress in mechanical engineering and rheology

## Biological 
*Stress (biology), medical or psychological stress; types of medical stress include:
** Stress (psychological), a feeling of mental strain or pressure
** Chronic stress, persistent stress which can lead to illness and mental disorder
** Eustress, positive stress that can lead to improved long-term functioning

## Music 
* Accent (music)
* Stress (band), an early '80s melodic rock band from San Diego
* Stress (Neo-Psychedelic band), from the late 1980s
* Stress, a song by the French band Justice on their debut album *† (album)*

## Other 
* Stress (game), card game
* Stress (linguistics), phonological use of prominence in language
Orcinus

***Orcinus*** is a genus of large toothed whales that include a only living species: Orca (*Orcinus orca*). The genus include extinct species such as the *Orcinus paleorca* and the *O. citoniensis*. The *O. meyeri* are in dispute.

## References 
## Related pages 
* Killer whale
* Delphinidae
* Cetacea
FreeBASIC

**FreeBASIC** is a programming language like QuickBASIC. It is free and open source. It has many advanced  that other BASIC programming languages do not have. FreeBASIC can make graphical programs or console mode programs. It runs on DOS, Linux, and Microsoft Windows.

The FreeBASIC compiler can create itself.
Bohrium

**Bohrium** is a chemical element. At the periodic table of the elements it is at position 107.
 in 1939.]]
The element is named in honor of Niels Bohr.

Mendeleev predicted that Bohrium would exist. He called the element **eka-rhenium** because of its location was near Rhenium in the Periodic Table. The chemistry of bohrium is like the chemistry of rhenium.
## Other websites 
*WebElements.com - Bohrium
Potash

**Potash** is a generic term for a chemical compound. It means the mixture of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate left over in ashes. The wood was burnt to produce ashes, which were dissolved in water. The potash was then reacted with fat to produce soap.

## Related pages
*Potash alum
Broadcaster

**Broadcaster** may refer to:

* A **broadcasting** organization, one responsible for the production of radio and television programs and/or their transmission.
* A program presenter of any television or radio.
*A sports commentator on television or radio.
* Fender Telecaster, first known as the Broadcaster, a guitar made by Fender.
Hel (realm)

**Hel** is one of the nine worlds of Norse mythology. It is where the mortal dead gather after life if their death was dishonourable. Its ruler is the goddess Hel. Hel is located under the roots of the tree Yggdrasil. It can be reached via the river Gjöll. A bridge spans this river which is guarded by the giantess Modgrudr. Garm, a dog, guards the entrance to the castle of Hel. He only lets the dead souls enter however they cannot leave. A rooster is the companion of Garm. Its purpose in the realm of the gods is to wake them for Ragnarök, this rooster will also wake the souls of the dead. 

The dragon Nidhögg eats from the corpses of deceased criminals. The wolf Fenrir also joins in on this feast.
Aschaffenburg

**Aschaffenburg** (; East Franconian: *Aschebersch* []) is a German city in the west of Franconia. It has a population of about 68,000. It is a part of the European metropolitan area of Frankfurt am Main.

## References
## Other websites
Most Valuable Player

In sports, a **Most Valuable Player** award is an honour given to the player or players of a team that performed better than the other players throughout a league or contest. It was first used in professional sports, but is now used a lot in  sports and other things unrelated to sports, such as business and music awards. A similar award used in sports, often in soccer, is man of the match.

## More reading
*
MVP

**MVP** could mean:
* Most Valuable Player
* Montel Vontavious Porter, an American professional wrestler 
* Mitral valve prolapse, a heart valve disease
* *MVP: Most Valuable Primate*, a 2000 comedy movie
* Microsoft Most Valuable Professional, an award given by Microsoft
* MVP (band), a rap music band from New York
Stoat

A **stoat** (*Mustela erminea)* is a small mammal of the family Mustelidae. It is also called a **short tailed weasel**. It is bigger than a weasel. Stoats in their white winter coat are also called **ermines**. They can grow to be as long as 30 centimeters (a foot long). They eat other small animals and bird eggs, and can kill animals bigger than themselves. They can also store food for later. They kill by biting the neck of their prey at the place where the skull attaches to the rest of the body.

## Description
Stoats are long and thin with short legs, small ears, and thick warm fur. Their fur is brown, but changes to white in the winter. The tail has a black tip all year round. The whiskers are brown or white in colour, and very long. Stoats have a good sense of smell, and they hunt using smell. They do not see color as well as humans, but they can see better at night.

Males are 187–325&nbsp;mm (7.4–12.8&nbsp;in) in length. Females are 170–270&nbsp;mm (6.7–10.6&nbsp;in) in length. The tail is 75–120&nbsp;mm (3.0–4.7&nbsp;in) in males. The tail is 65–106&nbsp;mm (2.6–4.2&nbsp;in) in females. Males weigh 258 grams (9.1&nbsp;oz). Females weigh less than 180 grams (6.3&nbsp;oz). In New Zealand, the stoat mostly feeds on birds, including the rare kiwi, kaka, mohua, yellow-crowned parakeet, and New Zealand dotterel.

The stoat lives throughout North America, Europe, and Asia, from Greenland and the Canadian and Siberian Arctic islands. Stoats in North America are found throughout Alaska and Canada south through most of the northern United States to central California, northern Arizona, northern New Mexico, Iowa, the Great Lakes region, New England, and Pennsylvania, but are absent from most of the Great Plains, and the Southeastern United States. The stoat in Europe is found as far south as in Portugal. It also lives in most islands with the except Iceland, Svalbard, the Mediterranean islands and some small North Atlantic islands. In Japan, it is lives in the central mountains (northern and central Japan Alps) to northern part of Honshu (mainly above 1,200 m) and Hokkaidō.

Males become sexually mature at 10–11 months. Females become sexually mature at the age of 2–3 weeks whilst still blind, deaf and hairless.

## References
Fermium

.]]
**Fermium** (symbol **Fm**) is a chemical element. It has an atomic number of 100, which makes it at position 100 at the periodic table. Fermium cannot be found in nature; it has to be made.  Scientists can create it by combining plutonium with neutrons at very high speeds and temperatures.  It is named after Enrico Fermi.

## History 
Albert Ghiorso and other scientists at the University of California, Berkeley first discovered fermium.  They found the element in the fallout from the explosion of the first successful hydrogen bomb test.  This test was on November 1, 1952.  In the fallout, scientists also discovered another new element, Einsteinium.  Because of the Cold War, the US military did not allow the scientists to publish their results in a scientific journal.  However, they conducted other studies and published their research in 1954.  The studies of nuclear fallout were declassified and published in 1955.

A group in the Nobel Institute for Physics in Stockholm also discovered isotopes of this element before the research of the Berkeley scientists was published.  However, most agree that the Berkeley scientists were the first to discover fermium.
Fulda River

The **Fulda** is a river in Hesse, Germany. It is one of two headstreams of the Weser River (the other one being the Werra). The Fulda River is 218&nbsp;km in length.

The source is in the Rhön mountains. From here it runs northwards through the Weserbergland hills and finally meets the Werra River close to Hannoversch Münden.

Cities along the Fulda River include:

* Gersfeld
* Fulda
* Bad Hersfeld
* Rotenburg
* Melsungen
* Kassel
Eastern Christianity

**Eastern Christianity** means the Christian traditions and churches which developed in Greece, the Balkans, Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East, East Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity. 

## Denominations
There are especially five families of churches: the Assyrian Church of the East, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Eastern Catholic Churches, and Eastern Protestant Christianity.

## Western Christianity
On the other hand, there are the* Western* traditions of Christianity which mainly represented by the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, and most non-Eastern Protestant denominations.

## Related pages
* Protestantism
** Baptist
** Calvinism
** Anglicanism
** Lutheranism
* Protestant Reformation
* Roman Catholic Church

## Other websites 
* Eastern Christian Churches 
* Eastern Catholics  Information concerning Christians of Eastern rites who are in communion with, and under the jurisdiction of, the Pope, the Bishop of Rome.
* A site advocating unity between Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Christians.
* Eastern Christian Bible Resources - contains Lamsa Bible and more
Love Hina

***Love Hina*** is a Japanese manga. It was created by Ken Akamatsu. It tells the story Keitarô Urashima. Urashima is a Japanese student who tried to enter the famous university of Tokyo (Todai or Tokyô Daigaku). *Love Hina* exists also as an animated series.

## Story
Keitarô Urashima is a 19-year-old boy who tries to study at the well known university of Todai. He tried three times and failed. He finally decides to go to the hotel of his aunt, the Hinata Hotel. When he got to the hotel, he found that it has been changed into a girls' hotel. The first time he met the people living in the hotel, they were not very happy to see him. Slowly, they began to accept him, even if he is  and a .

## Characters
* Keitarô Urashima: Keitarô is a 19-year-old boy who tries to study at Todai. He failed three times. When he was younger, Keitarô and a young girl made a promise to enter Todai when they were older. Keitarô still remembers this but cannot remember who this young girl was or what her name was.
* Naru Narusegawa: Naru is a 17-year-old girl. She was accepted to Todai. She is the best of her class. She has a bad  and hits Keitarô when she is angry.
* Mutsumi Otohime: Mutsumi is a nice 20-year-old girl. She is clumsy and forgets things.
* Shinobu Maehara: Shinobu is a 14-year-old girl. She is very shy. She loves to clean and cook.
* Motoko Aoyama: Motoko is a 15-year-old girl. She is violent. She sometimes hits Keitarô with her sword.

## References
Tibetan language

The **Tibetan language** or **Standard Tibetan** is a Tibetic language spoken in Tibet, a region of China. It is one of the many Han–Tibetan languages.
It has been spoken for many centuries (since at least the 6th century, possibly earlier).

Tibetan has many dialects and Standard Tibetan is one of them. People who speak different dialects often cannot easily communicate with each other orally.

The Tibetan written language is not known by most Tibetans and is not taught in many Tibetan areas.

## References
Super Nintendo Entertainment System

The **Super Nintendo Entertainment System** (often shortened to *SNES* or *Super NES*) is a 16-bit video game console created by Nintendo, released first in 1990. It is the successor to the NES. It was called the **Super Famicom** in Japan, and the **Super Comboy** in South Korea. The console can display 2D graphics, with some limited support for 3D graphics with the Super FX chip. Super NES games are loaded from a cartridge. The major competitor for the SNES was the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, but it also competed with the TurboGrafx-16, the Neo Geo AES, and the Panasonic 3D0.

## Notable games 
* *Super Mario World*
* *Super Castlevania IV*
* *Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars*
* *Super Metroid*
* *Donkey Kong Country*
* *EarthBound*
* *The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past*
* *Super Mario Kart*
* ''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island*
* *F-Zero*
* *Star Fox''
Icon (disambiguation)

An **icon** , from the Greek word for image, is a picture of something holy or divine. Icons in this sense are in use mainly in Eastern Christianity. Look in the article **Icon** for this meaning.

**Iconography** is the study of all types of images, such as their history and meaning. This is mostly used in art history. The word can also mean *symbolism*.

In other use, an *icon* is a Pictogram for an object, facility, control, political party, government, or something like this. See Icon (secular).

**Icon** may also mean:
* Icon (magazine), a British magazine about building architecture and design
* *Icon* (album), a music album by John Wetton and Geoff Downes
* *Icon* (Paradise Lost album), a music album by British band Paradise Lost.
* *Icon* (novel), a book by Frederick Forsyth
* *Icon* (film), a film based on the book by Frederick Forsyth
* *Icon* (comics), a comic book and its title character published by Milestone Media
* *ICON* (journal), an annual journal of the International Society for the History of Technology (ICHOTEC)
* *Icons* (TV series), a television documentary on TV channel G4
* "Icon" (Stargate SG-1), an episode of *Stargate SG-1*
* Cultural icon, something which is emblematic of a given culture

**In computing:**

* Computer icon, a pictogram used in the interface to represent a program, file, user, or other things.
* Icon-based game, a game that uses many icons
* Icon programming language, a programming language
* Unisys ICON, a computer developed for the Ontario school system.

**Other uses:**
* Icon Productions, Mel Gibson's film production company.
* ICON convention, the name of several annual science fiction conventions
* *iCon Steve Jobs*, a biography of Apple Computer founder and CEO Steve Jobs
* Iconicity, a concept in linguistics
* *DAAS Icon*, a music album by the Doug Anthony All Stars
* Dungeons & Dragons iconic characters, *Dungeons & Dragons* characters representing different types in the game
GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)

***GoldenEye 007*** is a first-person shooter video game on the Nintendo 64. Its story is based on the 1995 movie *GoldenEye*. The main character of the game is James Bond, Agent 007. It is a 3D first person shooter  game. Its multiplayer mode is also very popular. The game has received a very positive reception and is often said to be one of the best games ever made.

In November 2010, a remake of the game was released for the Nintendo Wii and Nintendo DS. However, it was not received as positively and it was criticized. 

## Levels 
There are 20 levels in the game, which are separated into 9 missions. Some missions only have one level while others have many. There are also 2 bonus missions.
* Mission 1 : Arkhangelsk – Bond is sent to help fellow agent Alec Trevelyan (Agent 006) in a secret laboratory.
* Mission 2 : Severnaya - Bond must sneak into a bunker and steal a key for the  satellite. 
* Mission 3 : Kyrgyzstan - Bond is sent to destroy a Silo and prevent rockets from taking off. 
* Mission 4 : Monte Carlo - Bond goes aboard a Frigate to rescue hostages and plant a tracker on an enemy helicopter.
* Mission 5 : Severnaya - Bond returns to the same place as Mission 2 and rescues the heroine, Natalya. 
* Mission 6 : St Petersburg - Bond learns that 006 is the leader of Janus, a crime group that is using the satellite for evil. Bond is later arrested, but breaks out and chases 006. 
* Mission 7 : Cuba - Bond follows 006 to Cuba and fights in a final showdown with his former friend.
*Mission 8 : Teotihuacán - Bond goes to an ancient Aztec temple to blow up a secret rocket facility. It uses designs from the 1979 Bond movie Moonraker.
*Mission 9 : el-Saghira - Bond visits a temple in Egypt to track down the evil Baron Samedi, a character from the 1973 Bond movie Live and Let Die.

The game is one of the world's most highly acclaimed first-person shooter games and has been rated highly on many lists. Screwattack.com for instance put it first on its list of top ten first-person shooter games, taking the title away from games like *Halo* and *Half Life 2*.
Brights

The **Brights** is a group that was started by Paul Geisert and Mynga Futrell to make a name that sounds good for people who have views on life based on nature (naturalistic worldviews). They did not like that names like "atheist" and "non-believer" sounded bad to some people and they wanted a word that sounded better to these people.

Paul Geisert chose the word "bright." Mynga Futrell says a bright is a person who has views on life that are free of more-than-natural (supernatural) ideas. She says these persons' morals come from their views on life.

## Well-known brights 
* Richard Dawkins
* Daniel Dennett
* Penn Jillette and Teller
* James Randi
* Richard Roberts
* Michael Shermer

## Criticism 
Some people, both religious and non-religious, do not like the Brights using the word "bright" in this way. They believe it suggests that people with views on life based on nature are smarter than those with other views on life. However, this is not why the name was chosen; it tries to show that people with views based on nature are "looking on the *bright* side" of life.

## Other websites 
* The Brights' Net – The originating hub of the Brights' Constituency
* Brights' Movement Forums
* Brights Online  – a brights' activist website
* Who Are The Brights? – by the co-founders of the Brights' Net
* The Bright Stuff – Daniel Dennett in the *New York Times*, 12 July 12 2003
* A Bright New World – Erik Strand in *Psychology Today*, Jan/Feb 2004
* Not Too "Bright"  - a review of the term 'bright' by Chris Mooney for CSICOP
Dish

**Dish** can mean a plate or pan for food.  See Tableware 

or Dish (food). 

Some radio antennas are in the shape of dishes.
Instrument

An **instrument** can mean several things.

*Tool
*Musical instrument, something that makes music or sound
**Wind instrument
**Percussion instrument
**String instrument
**Keyboard instrument
Southbridge, Massachusetts

**Southbridge** is a city in the American state of Massachusetts. The city's nickname is "The Eye of the Commonwealth". It has a population of about 18,000. 

Southbridge has a lot of history and tradition. The city was once home to the largest optical manufacturer in the world: American Optical. American Optical moved somewhere in Mexico where workers would be paid smaller wages. It is now called the Mexican Optical. Southbridge has a great economy. It is often called a mixing pot of cultures. There are many different ethnic groups in Southbridge.

## Population 
## References
Producer

A **producer** is something or somebody responsible for the production of a thing or a being.

## Entertainment producers 
In the entertainment industry, a producer is a person who makes things happen. The producer is of the person in charge of providing the money and hire people to do the job. It is also the job of the producer to deal with getting whatever is being made out to the public. A movie producer must find people to provide money to make the movie, hire the main actors and director for the movie, and get the movie distributed so that people can see it. Producers are commonly found dealing with movies, television, and music.

### Executive producer 
In large entertainment companies, the title of executive producer is often given to people who provide a large amount of money to get something created. Other executive producers speak for the CEO of the company on how the movie or television program is made.

In smaller companies, especially for television series, the executive producer is often the creator of the series. Main writers who have been with the series for a long time are often given the title of executive producer.
Italian wine

**Italian wines** are those produced in Italy, the oldest wine producing region, and are considered to be among the best wines in the world. Wine is a popular beverage in Italy. Many Italians drink it with every meal and in-between, and offer it to guests as soon as they arrive.

## History 
Depending on the vintage, Italy is the world's largest or second largest producer of wine, along with France (each country is generally the source of around 1/5 of the world's overall production).

### Statistics 
In 2005, Italy was second globally, producing about 20% of the global production of wine compared to France, which produced 22%.

In 2005, Italy's share in dollar value of table wine imports into the U.S. was 32%, Australia's was 24%, and France's was 20%. Italian and Australian share has rapidly increased in recent years.

## Sources 
Grapes are grown in almost every part of Italy, with more than 1 million vineyards under cultivation. Each region is proud of its carefully tended, neatly pruned vines.
 
Italian wines tend to be acidic, dry, light-to-medium bodied, with lots of flavour and smell.  Because of these characteristics, Italian wines are, in general, better drunk with food than they are beverages to be enjoyed on their own.

### Vineyards 
In some places the vines are trained along low supports. In others they climb as slender saplings. The people of each region are also proud of the wine they make from their own grapes.

### Winemaking 
Most winemaking in Italy is done in modern wineries.  But villagers, making wine for their own use, sometimes tread the grapes with their bare feet until the juice is squeezed out. They believe this ancient method still makes the best wine.
Sega Saturn

The  is a 32-bit video game console made by Sega.  It was released in Japan on November 22 1994, in the United States on May 11 1995, and in Europe on July 8 1995.  Games were released on CD-ROMs. It is followed by the Dreamcast. The Saturn was the first Sega video game console which can display 3D graphics.  Accessories were available for the Sega Saturn, including a gun controller which was used to play *Virtua Cop*, and an analog controller.

The console was called Saturn because it was Sega's sixth games console, and Saturn is the sixth planet of the solar system.

Throughout the consoles lifespan it sold 17.4 million hardware units from November 1994 to March 2001 with 8.8 million sold in Japan and 4.1 million sold in the United States respectively. The Sega Saturn is considered a commercial flop, but has a very strong retro who has not given up on the Saturn.

## Japanese models 
The Sega Saturn was quite popular in Japan, because of the commercial with Segata Sanshiro, a man who devoted his life to the Sega Saturn. The Japanese Sega Saturn was black, and it was later changed to gray.

## European/North American models
In North America, the Saturn was not nearly as popular as it was in Japan. When it was first released, there were only a few games available, because the console's strange technology made it difficult to program for. That caused the PlayStation to be more popular in Europe. Another problem was that Sega released the Saturn sooner than they intended to, but did not tell shops about the new release date, meaning that many of them did not sell the Saturn at all out of anger. Sega had also made other consoles to try and be the first to use new technology, such as the Sega CD (an early console with games that came on CDs) and the Sega 32X (with better graphics than Sega's previous consoles), leaving some gamers without enough money to buy all three systems or angry at Sega for abandoning the 32X when the Saturn was released.

## Notes
Western civilization

, one of the most important Western philosophers]]
**Western civilization**, **western culture** or **the West** is made up of European culturally derived societies (most notably in the Hellenic and in the Classical Roman heritage, Western Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism), Democracy and Liberalism). This at least includes Western and Central Europe, English speaking North America, Australia and New Zealand. The identities of places such as Latin America, South Africa, Israel, the Philippines and Singapore are disputed due to those countries being a blend of both western and non western cultures.

It generally refers to the classical era cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Those cultures grew bigger across places around the Mediterranean sea and Europe. In modern times, they later grew bigger around the world mostly through colonization and globalization.

Until the 17th century, Western civilization was also called Christendom meaning the area where the Christian religion is in the majority (a view held by historian Arnold Toynbee). By this definition, most parts of Africa would now also be part of Western civilization since many Africans have been converted to Christianity since the 1950s.

Westernization is the transformation of a non western culture to Western standards, with historical examples being the Romanization of "barbarian" Europe in the classical period, the Hispanization of South America, Central America and the Philippines in the 1500s, the Anglicization of North America and Australia in the 1700s, the Francization of North and West Africa in the 1800s and the current Americanization of many first world nations such as Singapore and Israel through Hollywood, pop music, and American popular culture.

There are many supporters of westernization, and many who oppose its expanding at the expense of local cultures.

## Related pages 
* Western world
* Western Europe

## References
E (mathematical constant)

\boldsymbol e is a number. It is the base of the natural logarithm and is about 2.71828. It is an important mathematical constant. The number e is occasionally called '''Euler's number** after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, or **Napier's constant''' in honor of the Scottish mathematician John Napier who introduced logarithms. It is equally important in mathematics as \pi and i. e is an irrational number, and Euler himself gave the first 23 digits of e.

The number e has great importance in mathematics, as do 0, 1, \pi, and i. All five of these numbers are important and occur again and again in mathematics. The five constants appear in one formulation of Euler's identity. Like the constant \pi, e is also irrational (it cannot be represented as a ratio of Integers) and transcendental (it is not a root of any non-zero polynomial with rational coefficients). The numerical value of e truncated to 20 places is:

:e\approx2.71828182845904523536

== Alternate definitions of e ==

There are many different ways to define e. Jacob Bernoulli, who discovered e, was trying to solve the problem:

: \lim_{n\to\infty}(1+\frac1n)^n.

In other words, there is a number that the expression (1+\frac1n)^n approaches as n becomes larger. This number is e.

Another definition is to find the solution of the following formula:

:2+\cfrac{2}{2+\cfrac{3}{3+\cfrac{4}{4+\cfrac{5}{5+\cfrac{6}{\ddots\,}}}}}

## Related pages 
* Imaginary unit
* Pi
* Tau (mathematical constant)

## References
Platelet

bag of newly collected **platelets**.]]
A **platelet** is a cell fragment that circulates in the blood. Platelets are involved in hemostasis through the making of blood clots. A low platelet count (number of platelets in the blood) can cause a person to bleed without their blood clotting (making scabs). A high platelet count can increase the risk of thrombosis (blood clots inside blood vessels), which stops blood from flowing properly.

## Anatomy 
Platelets do not have a cell nucleus. They are disc-shaped, and are 1.5 to 3 micrometers in diameter. The body does not have a lot of platelets, so they can all be used up quickly. They contain RNA, a canalicular system, and several different types of granules; lysosomes (containing acid hydrolases), dense bodies (containing ADP, ATP serotonin and calcium) and alpha granules (containing fibrinogen, factor V, vitronectin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor), the contents of which are released when the platelet is activated.