open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
James Gandolfini

**James Joseph Gandolfini Jr.** (September 18, 1961 &ndash; June 19, 2013) He was of Italian ancestry. He was raised in New Jersey. Gandolfini studied at Paramus Catholic High School.

He grew up in Park Ridge, New Jersey. Gandolfini graduated from Park Ridge High School in 1979. He played basketball and acted in school plays. He won the title "Class Flirt" in his senior yearbook. Gandolfini earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in communication studies from Rutgers University. While at Rutgers University, Gandolfini worked as a bouncer at local school pub. He also worked as a bartender and club manager not including his acting career.

## Career
Gandolfini became famous for his role as Tony Soprano, a New Jersey Mafia boss and family man who was the lead character in the HBO drama *The Sopranos*. The series started in 1999 and ran until 2007.

Gandolfini earned fame for this role, winning both the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series three times. With a career span of 20 years, Gandolfini's other roles include Virgil in *True Romance*, Bobby Dougherty in *Crimson Tide*, Bear in *Get Shorty*, and Carol in *Where the Wild Things Are*. In 2012, Gandolfini appeared in two major movies, *Killing Them Softly* and in *Zero Dark Thirty*.

## Personal life
 in 2010]]
Gandolfini was married to Marcy Wudarski from 1999 until they divorced in 2002. He was then married to Deborah Lin from 2008 until his death in 2013. With Wudarski he had a son named Michael (born 1999). He had one daughter with Lin, named Liliana Ruth (born 2012). Gandolfini had knee surgery because of the accident. Gandolfini lost his temper and punched the photographer. Early reports thought the cause of death was either a heart attack or stroke. It wasn't until on June 21 an autopsy was performed on Gandolfini. *The Sopranos* creator David Chase called Gandolfini "a genius" and "his partner and brother". New Jersey Governor Chris Christie said he was "a New Jersey treasure". His funeral was held at Saint John the Divine cathedral in Manhattan, New York on June 27. His remains were later cremated and given to his family.

### Reaction
Word of his death spread quickly with many of Gandolfini's friends. Former co-stars, many fans throughout the entertainment business along with politicians such as John McCain and Chris Christie taking to the internet to respond to his sudden death. Christie ordered all State buildings to fly flags at half-staff on June 24, to honor Gandolfini.

The day following his death, Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, which features Gandolfini's *Sopranos* co-star Steven Van Zandt on guitar, gave a full album performance of their 1975 classic *Born to Run*. His performance was dedicated it to Gandolfini.

At the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards, Edie Falco honored the career and life of Gandolfini.

## References
## Other websites
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Elizabeth Inglis

**Elizabeth Inglis** (born **Desiree Mary Lucy Hawkins**, 10 July 1913 – 25 August 2007), also known as **Elizabeth Earl**, was an English movie actress, best known for her role in *The Letter*, along with actress Bette Davis. She is also known for her role in Alfred Hitchcock's *The 39 Steps*, she was the last known survivor of the movie before her death in 2007. 

Inglis was born in Colchester, England on July 10, 1913. She was married to Sylvester Weaver from 1942 until his death in 2002, they had two children, Trajan Victor Charles Weaver and Sigourney Weaver. Inglis died on August 25, 2007 in Santa Barbara, California from natural causes, she was 94 years old.

## Other websites
*
Rhinatrematidae

**Rhinatrematidae** is the family of **neotropical tailed caecilians** or **beaked caecilians**. They are found in the equatorial countries of South America.

They are usually said to be the most primitive of the caecilian families.  They have many features other groups do not. For example, they still have a tail, and the mouth is not to the back on the underside of the head. They lay their eggs in small holes in the soil. The larvae have external gills.  They live in seepages until they change into adults. The adults live in moist soil and leaf litter.

## Taxonomy
There are nine species in two genera.

Family **Rhinatrematidae**
* Genus *Epicrionops* - Beaked Caecilians
** *Epicrionops bicolor* - Two-coloured Caecilian (Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Colombia).
** *Epicrionops columbianus* - El Tambo Caecilian (Colombia).
** *Epicrionops lativittatus* - Eastern Peru Caecilian (Peru).
** *Epicrionops marmoratus* - Marbled Caecilian (Ecuador).
** *Epicrionops niger* - Black Caecilian (Guyana, Venezuela, and possibly Brazil).
** *Epicrionops parkeri* - Parker's Caecilian (Colombia).
** *Epicrionops peruvianus* - Marcapata Valley Caecilian (Peru).
** *Epicrionops petersi* - Peters' Caecilian (Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Brazil and Colombia).
* Genus *Rhinatrema*
** *Rhinatrema bivittatum* - Two-lined Caecilian (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname).
** *Rhinatrema shiv* - Shiv’s Rhinatrema (Guyana).

## References
* Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Mark Wilkinson (1989). "On the Classification and Phylogeny of Caecilians." Herpetological Monographs, (3), 1-42
*
*
*
* Frost, Darrel R. 2004. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August, 2004). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
* AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2004. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. Retrieved 26 August 2004
Emily Jacir

**Emily Jacir** (, born 1970 in Bethlehem) is a Palestinian artist. She uses movies, photography, video and performance art. Her work was first shown in 1994. Since then, it has been shown in exhibitions around the Americas, Europe and the Middle East. It is held in museums in Italy, Palestine, England, San Francisco, and several museums in New York.

Jacir won the Golden Lion for artists under 40 () at the Venice Biennale in October 2007. She also won the Prince Claus Award in 2007. In 2008, the won the annual Hugo Boss Prize.

## References 
## More reading 
*Memories in exile , Columbia University
*
* Emily Jacir: Artist Profile at IMEU.net
Jeff Fischer

**Jeff Fischer** (born August 10, 1968) is an American voice actor. He is known for his work in commercials, cartoons, and video games. In 2005 he was chosen to announce the Teen Choice Awards. He is mostly known for his role as Jeff Fischer in *American Dad!*.

## Other websites
*Jeff Fischer at the Internet Movie Database.
Meles Zenawi

**Meles Zenawi Asres** (8 May 1955 &ndash; 20 August 2012) was the Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 1995 till his death on 20 August 2012. He was President of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995. Since 1985, he was the chairman of the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front, and the head of the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front.

Meles was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to an Ethiopian father from Adwa, Ethiopia, and a mother from Adi Quala, Eritrea. Meles Zenawi was married to Azeb Mesfin and was the father of three children. Meles died on August 20, 2012 in a hospital in Brussels, Belgium after having a brain tumor removed. Zenawi's health was in question for weeks until his death. Meles was admitted to hospital in July 2012. He was 57 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*Biography with child photos 
*Biography
*Column archive at *The Guardian*
*
*
Just for Laughs: Gags

***Just for Laughs: Gags***  is a Canadian quiet comedy show. In 2000, the Gags began airing on French and Canadian television Télé-Québec. In the next years, the show was picked up by TVA, CBC and The Comedy Television in Canada.

This series' format is the hidden camera filming the jokes. Music plays in the background, but there is no sound or speech other than some sound effects and laughter. It is mostly filmed in downtown Montreal and rural Quebec although some parts have been filmed in Mexico. British and Asian versions have also been produced in the UK and Singapore respectively.

With its quiet format and no translation required, *Just for Laughs Gags* has been purchased for use in over 100 countries throughout the world as well as in airports and airlines.
Outsider art

]]
. She wrote a letter to her husband. The letter reads "Herzi Schatzi komm" over and over again. ]]
**Outsider art** is art that is non-commercial and that lives outside the usual art galleries.

Usually it is created by people who have little or no artistic training in art schools. Some may have a mental illness like schizophrenia. People who do outsider art are called outsider artists. They create their art from their own inner experience, not caring or knowing what other artists maybe doing. The term outsider art was first used by art critic Roger Casement in 1972. These artists often create buildings with strange architecture they build alone. Some of them also do more conventional arts like painting, sculpture.

## References
List of men's magazines

This is a list of magazines that are of interest to men. Topics included in these magazines are men's health, fashion and style, new technology and gadgets, sports, and magazines that features women on their cover such as pornographic magazines for men. There are also LGBT-related magazines for gay men.

## General male audience
## Ethnic men's magazines
### African/Afro-Caribbean American men's magazines

**Black Enterprise*
**King* (U.S.)
**Smooth* (U.S.)

### Latin American men's magazines

**Hombre*
**Open Your Eyes*
**Donjuan (magazine)* (Colombia)
**Soho (magazine)* (Colombia)

### Arab men's magazine

* *Arrajol*

## Gay male magazines
## Lads' mags
## Pornographic magazines
## Sports magazines
**Sportsnet*
**Sports Illustrated* 
*''Runner's World*
**Guns and Ammo*
**Outdoors*
**Hiker's World*
**Nature's World''
Victor Ponta

**Victor Ponta** (b. 20 September 1972, Bucharest) is a Romanian politician. He was president of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) from February 2010 until July 2015 when he resigned. On 7 May 2012, he became Prime Minister of Romania. He resigned on 5 November 2015.

He studied law in Bucharest, finishing in 1995. He was PSD's candidate for the Romanian presidential elections in 2014, but since then has left the Social Democratic Party and created his own party which he called the Pro Romania Party.

## References
## Sources
Victor Ponta's official site
Steering

**Steering** is the collection of mechanical parts which allow a vessel (ship, boat) or vehicle (truck, car, motorcycle or bicycle) to follow the desired course. Rail transport vehicles (trains and trams or streetcars) are steered by their rail tracks.

In vehicle steering, the person turning the steering wheel directly controls the rate of the turn. Response is immediate. Submarines and ships operate in water, and use control surfaces that work on the fluid. There is a delay between the steering controls and the time it takes for the system to respond.

Some land vehicles such as tanks, and some boats, can use differential steering, in which one side is pushed forward.

## References
Neon Trees

**Neon Trees** is an American alternative rock band from Provo, Utah. Neon Trees has four members in the band; the current band members are Tyler Glenn, Chris Allen, Branden Campbell and Elaine Bradley.

The band was formed in 2005 by band members and neighbours at the time; Tyler Glenn and Chris Allen. The bands name originates from the lighted trees on the In-N-Out Burger signs.

They released an EP titled "*Start a Fire*" in 2009 and it was limited to one pressing of 600 units and was only available for sale at shows in their late 2009. They released their debut album "*Habits*" on March 16, 2010, under Mercury and Def Jam Recordings. They are currently signed to Mercury Records and Def Jam Recordings. They released their second studio album "*Picture Show*" on April 17, 2012. They released their third album, "Pop Psychology", on April 22, 2014. 

## Discography 
So far as of 2014, Neon Trees have released three albums and one EP:

### Albums
**Habits* (2010)
**Picture Show* (2012)
**Pop Psychology* (2014)
**I Can Feel You Forgetting Me* (2020)

### EPs
Becoming Different People 2006
**Start a Fire* (2009)
**iTunes Live from SoHo* (2010)
**iTunes Live: SXSW* (2011)

## Other websites 
*Official website
Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu

**Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu** (born 22 September 1968, Iași) is a Romanian politician, historian and diplomat. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2004 to 2007 and director of the Foreign Intelligence Service from 2007 to 2012. He was Prime Minister of Romania from 9 February 2012 until 9 May 2012.

## Education
He learned at Mathematics-Physics high school "Costache Negruzzi" from Iași.

## References
Magnetostatic loudspeaker

A **magnetostatic loudspeaker** is a dipole speaker. It is quite similar than electrostatic loudspeaker but it doesn't use high voltages, it uses high currents.

The impedance of a magnetostatic speaker may be so low that an amplifier has to be ready to feed low impedance. Sound quality about current speaker type is respected.

## References
The Pursuit of Happyness

***The Pursuit of Happyness*** is a 2006 American biographical drama movie. The movie's story was about an entrepreneur, Chris Gardner, and his time while he was homeless. The movie's director was Gabriele Muccino. The movie starred Will Smith. He played Gardner in the movie. Smith's son, Jaden Smith also starred in the movie. He played Gardner's son, Christopher Jr.

## Cast 
* Will Smith as Chris Gardner
* Jaden Smith as Christopher Gardner Jr.
* Thandie Newton as Linda Gardner
* Brian Howe as Jay
* Dan Castellaneta as Alan Frakesh
* James Karen as Martin Frohm
* Kurt Fuller as Walter Ribbon
* Takayo Fischer as Mrs. Chu

## Music 
The soundtrack of the movie was released on January 9, 2007.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Famitsu

is a Japanese language video game magazine. It is published by Enterbrain, Inc. and Tokuma. Currently, there are five *Famitsū* magazines:  *Shūkan Famitsū*, *Famitsū PS3 + PSP*, *Famitsū Xbox 360*, *Famitsū Wii+DS*, and *Famitsū Wave DVD*.   is the original *Famitsū* magazine. It is known as the mostly read and respected video game news magazine in Japan.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
Dwight F. Davis

**Dwight Filley Davis** (July 5, 1879 - November 28, 1945) was an American tennis player and politician. He was the founder of the  international tennis competition "Davis Cup".

He served as United States Secretary of War from 1925 to 1929.

Davis died at his home in Washington, D.C. on November 28, 1945, after a six-month illness.

## References
Kieren Perkins

|}

**Kieren John Perkins** OAM (born 14 August 1973), is an Australian professional sportsman.  He is best known as a swimmer.

Perkins won two Olympic gold medals in 1992 and 1996 in the 1500-metre freestyle, and a silver medal in 2000.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sepp Blatter

**Josef Blatter**, mostly known as **Sepp Blatter**, (born 10 March 1936) is a Swiss association football administrator.  He is best known as the 8th President of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). He served as president from 1998 until his resignation in 2016. He replaced the popular João Havelange. His presidency ended when he was banned from FIFA on 21 December 2015. He officially left office after Gianni Infantino replaced him on 26 February 2016.

## Early life
Blatter was born in Visp, Switzerland. He studied at the University of Lausanne.

## President of FIFA (1998-2016)
Blatter was elected President of FIFA on 8 June 1998 succeeding João Havelange. He was re-elected in 2002, 2007,  2011 On 8 October 2015, Blatter and other top FIFA officials were suspended amid the investigation.

On 21 December 2015 it was announced that Blatter would be banned for a period of eight years amid the corruption case. He left office on 26 February 2016 after Gianni Infantino replaced him.

## Personal life
Blatter was married to Liliane Biner, but the marriage didn't last. Then he married Barbara Käser in 1981. The couple divorced in 1991. Then he married Graziella Bianca in 2002. The couple divorced in 2004. He was in a relationship with Ilona Boguska from 1995 through 2002. He is now in a relationship with Linda Barras as of 2014. Blatter has one daughter, Corinne.

Blatter lives in Zürich, Switzerland with Boguska and his daughter.

## Honors
* Order of the Companions of OR Tambo, South Africa
* Order of the Rising Sun, Japan

## References
## Other websites
* FIFA President's page on official website of FIFA
Tracy Austin

**Tracy Austin** (born 12 December 1962, in Palos Verdes, California) is a former American tennis player. She is youngest ever US Open female singles champion and the youngest person to become a member in the International Tennis Hall of Fame. 

## References
Crin Antonescu

**Crin  Antonescu** (b. 21 September 1959, Tulcea) is a Romanian liberal politician. Antonescu was the President of PNL but in 2014 quit the presidency and now is only a member of the party.

On 3 July 2012, he was elected President of the Romanian Senate. In 2014 he resigned and was replaced by Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu

## References
Ally Sheedy

**Alexandra Elizabeth "Ally" Sheedy** (born June 13, 1962) is an American movie and television actress who was once tied to the Brat Pack in the 1980s. She was born and raised in New York City. Notable movies in which she starred include: *The Breakfast Club*, *Short Circuit* and *WarGames*. The actress was born in New York City. Her father is of Irish Catholic background; her mother is Jewish.

On April 12, 1992, Sheedy married actor David Lansbury, the nephew of actress Angela Lansbury and son of Edgar Lansbury, the original producer of Godspell. They have a son, Beckett, born 1994. In 2008, Sheedy announced that she and Lansbury had filed for divorce.

## Other websites 
*
Royal Microscopical Society

**Royal Microscopical Society** (RMS) is a British and international scientific society.  RMS  the scientific field which uses microscopes. 

## Publications
* *Journal of Microscopy*
* *infocus Magazine*
* *Royal Microscopical Society Microscopy Handbooks*

## Related pages 
* List of Royal Societies

## References
## Other websites
*Royal Microscopical Society
*Journal of Microscopy
*infocus Magazine
List of Royal Societies

**List of Royal Societies** includes organizations with a royal charter and permission to use the term "Royal" in the official name.  These include

## List
* Royal Academy (RA), 1768
* Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS), 1866
* Royal Asiatic Society (RAS), 1824, 
* Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1830
* Royal Medical Society (RMS), 1773
* Royal Microscopical Society (RMS), 1839 
* Royal Society, 1660
* Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), 1824
* Royal Society of Arts (RSA), 1754

## References
Game controller

game controller from the early 1990s.]]
A **game controller** is a device used to play video games.

## Types of game controllers 
### Gamepad 
A gamepad, also known as a joypad, is a common type of game controller. They are held in both hands with thumbs and fingers used to press buttons on the gamepad. Gamepads can have a number of action buttons with one or more control sticks. Gamepads is part of playing a video game console. A player must use a gamepad in order to play any video game. Gamepads were first used on early computers.

On a Nintendo gamepad, the action buttons are colored with letters (A, B, X, Y). There is a start and a select option on the gamepad. On the left of the gamepad, there are arrows which the player uses to move in the video game.

### Paddle 
A paddle is a game controller with a round wheel and one or more *fire buttons*. The wheel is used to control movement in a video game. The paddle was not liked by many gamers. This type of controller was used on the *Atari 2600* and *Indy 500*. 

### Joystick 
A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks are often used to control video games and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analog stick.

The joystick has been the principal flight control in the cockpit of many aircraft, particularly military fast jets, where centre stick or side-stick location may be employed. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles and zero turning radius lawn mowers. Miniature finger-operated joysticks have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as mobile phones.

## Other websites 
* An article about pioneering games and controllers designed for disabled gamers
* Simulation game controller comparison.
Angie Harmon

**Angela Michelle "Angie" Harmon** (born August 10, 1972) is a fashion model and actress. She appeared on the covers of *ELLE* and *Esquire* magazines. Harmon also acted in television series including *Rizzoli & Isles*, *Law & Order* and *Baywatch*.

## References
Novi Sad

**Novi Sad** (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Сад, ) is the second largest city in Serbia. It is the capital of both Vojvodina and the South Bačka District.

## References
Royal Medical Society

**Royal Medical Society** (RMS) is the oldest medical society in the United Kingdom.

The RMS is a British professional society engaged in the moving forward of medical knowledge.

## History
It was called "the Medical Society" when it was  in 1737.  The Society was granted a Royal Charter in 1778.  

RMS is based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The society has members throughout the world.

## Notable members
:*This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.*
*Charles Darwin
*Benjamin Franklin
*Joseph Lister

## Related pages 
* List of Royal Societies

## References
## Other websites
*RMS website
Subotica

**Subotica** ( ) is a city in northern Serbia. It is in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. It is the northern most city in Serbia.

The Serbian language is the most employed language in daily life, but Hungarian is also used by almost one third of the population in their daily conversations. Both languages are also widely employed in commercial and official signage 

## References
Contraband (2012 movie)

***Contraband*** is an American action crime thriller movie. It was directed by Baltasar Kormákur. It stars Mark Wahlberg and Kate Beckinsale. The movie is a remake of the 2008 Icelandic movie *Reykjavík-Rotterdam* which starred Kormákur. *Contraband* was released on January 13, 2012 in the United States by Universal Pictures. Filming took place in New Orleans, Louisiana and Panama City. *Contraband* was released to DVD on April 24, 2012 with a rating of R.

## Cast
*Mark Wahlberg as Chris Farraday
*Kate Beckinsale as Kate Farraday
*Ben Foster as Sebastian Abney
*Caleb Landry Jones as Andy
*Giovanni Ribisi as Tim Briggs
*Lukas Haas as Danny Raymer
*J. K. Simmons as Captain Redmond Camp
*Diego Luna as Gonzalo
*Robert Wahlberg as John Bryce
*Jaqueline Fleming as Jeanie Goldare
*William Lucking as Bud Farraday
*David O'Hara as Jim Church

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
We Need to Talk About Kevin

***We Need to Talk About Kevin*** is a 2011 British-American crime movie. It was directed by Lynne Ramsay. It was based on Lionel Shriver's novel of the same name. The movie was developed in 2005 but due to money problems it was not filmed until April 2010.

Tilda Swinton stars as the mother of Kevin. Throughout the movie she tries to understand why her son is a sociopath and murderer. The movie premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was released in the United Kingdom on October 21, 2011. *We Need to Talk About Kevin* was released on Blu-ray and DVD on May 29, 2012.

## Cast
* Tilda Swinton as Eva Khatchadourian
* John C. Reilly as Franklin Plaskett
* Ezra Miller as Kevin Khatchadourian
** Jasper Newell as six-eight-year-old Kevin
** Rocky Duer as infant Kevin
* Ashley Gerasimovich as Celia Khatchadourian
* Siobhan Fallon Hogan as Wanda
* Alex Manette as Colin

## Box office
As of April 19, 2012, *We Need To Talk About Kevin* has grossed $1,656,241 in North America, along with $4,300,250 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $5,956,491.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Joyful Noise

***Joyful Noise*** is a 2012 musical movie. The movie stars Queen Latifah, Dolly Parton, Keke Palmer, Courtney B. Vance, and Jeremy Jordan. The screenplay was written by Max Myers and Todd Graff, and directed by Todd Graff. The music was by Mervyn Warren who used gospel music in the movie. *Joyful Noise* was released in the United States on January 13, 2012.

## Plot 
Two women are forced to work with each other after a budget cut threatens to shut down a small town choir.

## Cast
* Queen Latifah as Vi Rose Hill
* Dolly Parton as G. G. Sparrow
* Keke Palmer as Olivia Hill, Vi's daughter and Randy's love interest
* Jeremy Jordan as Randy Garrity, Sparrow's grandson and Olivia's love
* Dexter Darden as Walter Hill, Vi's son
* Courtney B. Vance as Pastor Dale
* Kris Kristofferson as Bernard Sparrow, G. G's late husband
* Angela Grovey as Earla, the choir's choreographer
* Paul Woolfolk as Manny, a young guitarist with an interest in Olivia
* Francis Jue as Ang Hsu, a choir member who is attracted to Earla
* Jesse L. Martin as Marcus Hill, Vi Rose's estranged husband
* Andy Karl as Caleb, a choir member whose family loses its business
* Dequina Moore as Devonne, a talkative choir member
* Roy Huang as Justin, Earla's second lover
* Judd Lormand as Officer Darrel Lino
* Ivan Kelley Jr. as the soloist of the Our Lady of Perpetual Tears choir
* Kirk Franklin as Baylor Sykes, the choir leader for a rival church
* Karen Peck as competition host, lead singer "Mighty High"

## Box Office
The movie gross to USD$11.2 million on its opening weekend. It became the number four movie that week. It grossed $30,932,113 to date.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## References
Constitutional Court of Romania

The **Constitutional Court of Romania** (CCR) is independent of any other public authority. It has, according to the Romanian Constitution, the *guardian of constitutional rule*. This means the court has the power to make decisions, if the meaning of official laws is questioned (or *challenged*). This could happen if the laws are written so that they might harm the rights and freedoms of the Romanian people. 

## Judges
* Augustin Zegrean (from 2007), President  2010.
* Iulia Motoc (from 2010) 
* Mircea Stefan Minea (from 2010) 
* Petre Lăzăroiu (from 2008)
* Mona Pivniceru (from 2013)
* Valer Dorneanu (from 2013)
* Daniel Morar (from 2013)
* Valentin-Zoltán Puskás (from 2007)
* Tudorel Toader (from 2006)

## Former judges (from 2013)
* Ion Predescu (from 2004 to 2013)
* Aspazia Cojocaru (from 2004 to 2013) 
* Acsinte Gașpar (from 2004 to 2013)

## References
*
Emilio Estevez

**Emilio Estevez** (born May 12, 1962) is an actor, director and producer. He was originally part of the Brat Pack in the 1980s. His most notable movies include *The Breakfast Club*, *Repo Man* and *Men at Work*. His brother is actor Charlie Sheen.

## References 
## Other websites
The Fairly OddParents season 1

The first season of ***The Fairly OddParents*** is the first installment of the series. It first aired on March 30, 2001 with the first episode "The Big Problem / Power Mad!".

## Episodes
Morgan Paull

**Morgan Paull** (December 15, 1944 – July 17, 2012) was an American actor. He was mostly known for his role as Holden in the Ridley Scott movie *Blade Runner*. 

## Early life and career
Paull was born on December 15, 1922 in New York City, New York. Paull's career began in 1970 in the movie *Patton*. His career would last until his retirement in 1996. 

## Personal life
Paull was married to Gaye Huston from 1965 until they divorced in 1976. He was married to Carmen Paull from 1976 until they divorced in 1996. He was married to April Paull from 1990 until they divorced. He was married to Jenny Elam from 2004 until his death in 2012.

Paull had 2 daughters.

### Death
Paull died on July 17, 2012 from Stomach cancer in his home in Ashland, Oregon, he was 67 years old.

## Movies
**Patton* (1970)
*''Fools' Parade* (1971)
**Cahill U.S. Marshal* (1973)
**Dirty O'Neil* (1974)
**Murph the Surf* (1975)
**Mitchell* (1975)
**The Last Hard Men* (1976)
**Twilight's Last Gleaming* (1977)
**The Swarm* (1978)
**Norma Rae* (1979)
**The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again* (1979)
**Fade to Black* (1980)
**Blade Runner* (1982)
**Surf II* (1984)
**GoBots: War of the Rock Lords* (1986)
**Out Cold* (1989)
**Uncle Sam'' (1996) (video)

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Jill St. John

**Jill St. John** (born August 19, 1940) is an American actress. She is best known for her acting in the 1971 movie *Diamonds are Forever*. She has acted in many movies. She has not acted since about 2002. She was born in Los Angeles.

## References
Frank Cady

**Randolph Cady** (September 8, 1915 – June 8, 2012) was an American movie and television actor best known for his recurring and popular role as storekeeper Sam Drucker in three American television series during the 1960s — *Petticoat Junction*, *Green Acres*, and *The Beverly Hillbillies*.

Cady was born on September 8, 1915 in Susanville, California. Cady was married to Shirley Cady from 1940 until her death in 2008. Cady had 2 children. Cady died on June 8, 2012 in his home in Wilsonville, Oregon from natural causes, aged 96.

## References
## Other websites
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Agnieszka

**Agnieszka** is the Polish equivalent of the forename *Agnes*. The moniker Agnieszka has its roots in the Greek name Agnes, which translates to "pure" or "chaste." It gained popularity in Poland in the Middle Ages and has remained a common name for Polish girls ever since. In Polish, the name is pronounced as "ahg-NYESH-kah," and it is frequently abbreviated as "Aga", "Agniesia", "Agusia", "Agula" for convenience.(not: Neszka, Agnuszka, Agniszka)

## People 
*Agnieszka Arnold, Polish documentary filmmaker
*Agnieszka Baranowska (1819–1890), Polish playwright and poet
*Agnieszka Bednarek (born 1986), international Polish volleyball player
*Agnieszka Brustman (born 1962), female Polish chess master
*Agnieszka Brzezańska (born 1972), artist based in Warsaw
*Agnieszka Brugger (born 1985), German politician
*Agnieszka Chylińska (born 1976), Polish rock singer and columnist
*Agnieszka Domańska (born 1970), Polish ice dancer
*Agnieszka Dowbor-Muśnicka (1919–1940), Polish WWII resistance fighter
*Agnieszka Duczmal (born 1946), Polish conductor
*Agnieszka Dulej (born 1983), Polish ice dancer
*Agnieszka Dygant (born 1973), Polish actress
*Agnieszka Graff (born 1970), Polish writer, translator, publicist, feminist and activist
*Agnieszka Holland (born 1948), Polish film and TV director and screenwriter
*Agnieszka Karpiesiuk (born 1982), Polish track and field sprinter
*Agnieszka Kołakowska (born 1960), Polish philosopher, philologist, translator and essayist
*Agnieszka Kotlarska (1970–1996), the first Polish winner of the Miss International beauty pageant
*Agnieszka Niedźwiedź (born 1995), Polish mixed martial artist
*Agnieszka Osiecka (1936–1997), Polish poet, lyricist, and journalist
*Agnieszka Pachałko, the second Polish winner of the Miss International pageant
*Agnieszka Perepeczko (born 1942), actress now living in Australia
*Agnieszka Pilchowa (born 1888), one of the most famous Polish clairvoyants
*Agnieszka Pogroszewska (born 1977), Polish hammer thrower
*Agnieszka Radwańska (born 1989), WTA Tour top 10 Polish tennis player
*Agnieszka Siwek (born 1962), Polish track and field sprinter
*Agnieszka Truskolaska (1755–1831), Polish actress, opera singer and theatre director
*Agnieszka Włodarczyk (born 1980), Polish actress and singer
*Agnieszka Warchulska (born 1972), Polish actress
*Agnieszka Wieszczek (born 1983), Polish female freestyle wrestler
*Agnieszka Wojtowicz-Vosloo, filmmaker and writer

## References
Ben Gazzara

**Biagio Anthony Gazzarra** (August 28, 1930 – February 3, 2012), known as **Ben Gazzara**, was an American movie, stage, and Emmy Award winning television actor and director. Gazzara has appeared in many movies such as; *Capone*, *Saint Jack*, *An Early Frost*, *Road House*, *Summer Sam*, *13*, and his final movie *Max Rose*. 

Gazzara was born on August 28, 1930 in New York City, New York. He was educated at the Actors Studio and at The New School.  Gazzara was married to Loiuse Erickson from 1951 until they divorced in 1957. Secondly he married Janice Rule from 1961 until they divorced in 1979. Gazzara lastly married Elke Krivat from 1982 until his death in 2012. Gazzara died on February 3, 2012 from Pancreatic cancer, he was 81 years old.

## References
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Timothy Hutton

**Timothy Hutton** (born August 16, 1960) is an American movie and television actor who starred in the 1980 movie *Ordinary People*. He also acted in several other movies, including *French Kiss* and *All the Money in the World*. He was born around California.
Luke Askew

**Luke Askew** (March 26, 1932 – March 29, 2012) was an American movie and television actor best known for his role in the 1969 film *Easy Rider*. He had a rare lead role in the spaghetti Western *Night of the Serpent* (*La notte dei serpenti* – 1969). Askew began his career in the 1967 Otto Preminger movie *Hurry Sundown* and his career would last until his retirement in 2005. Askew was born in Macon, Georgia. Askew died on March 29, 2012 from lung cancer in his home in Portland, Oregon, he was 80 years old. Askew was never married. 

## Movies
**Hurry Sundown* (1967)
**The Happening* (1967)
**Cool Hand Luke* (1967)
**Will Penny* (1968)
**The Green Berets* (1968)
*''The Devil's Brigade* (1968)
**Easy Rider* (1969)
**The Magnificent Seven Ride* (1972)
**The Culpepper Cattle Company* (1972)
**The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid* (1972)
**Walking Tall Part 2* (1975)
**Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid* (1973)
**Slipstream* (1973)
**Posse* (1975)
**Rolling Thunder* (1977)
**Wanda Nevada* (1979)
**The Warrior and the Sorceress* (1984)
**Bialy smok* (1987)
**Frank & Jesse* (1994)
**The Newton Boys* (1998)
**Frailty* (2001)
**Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex, Drugs and Rock 'N' Roll Generation Saved Hollywood* (2003) (documentary)
**The Greatest Game Ever Played* (2005)

## Television
* *Big Love'' ... Hollis Green

## References
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Lauren Hutton

**Lauren Hutton** (born November 17 1943, Charleston, South Carolina) is an American fashion model and actress who appeared on the cover of *Vogue* magazine more than 20 times. She acted in multiple movies in her career, such as *American Gigolo*, a movie from 1980.

## References 
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Royal Mail Ship

*]]
**Royal Mail Ship** (RMS) is the ship prefix used for seagoing vessels that carry mail under contract to the British Royal Mail.

## History 
In the early 19th century, the British Admiralty provided RMS service.

The designation "RMS" has been used since 1840.

In 1850 contracts were awarded to private companies. Having the title "RMS" was seen as a mark of quality and a competitive advantage, because the mail had to be on time.

## List of RMS ships
* HMHS *Britannic*
* RMS *Carpathia*
* RMS *Laconia*
* RMS *Lusitania* 
* RMS *Queen Elizabeth* 
* RMS *Queen Elizabeth 2* 
* RMS *Queen Mary*
* RMS *Queen Mary 2*
* *Titanic''
*RMS Empress of Ireland

## References
Otto Preminger

**Otto Ludwig Preminger** (5 December 1905 – 23 April 1986) was an Austrian-American movie director and producer, theatre director, and actor.

## Early life
Preminger was born on December 5, 1905 in Vyzhnytsia, Wiznitz, Austria–Hungary (present Vyzhnytsia, Ukraine) to Jews Markus and Josefa Preminger.

## Career
After moving from the theatre to Hollywood, he directed over 35 feature movies in a 50 year career. He rose to fame for his stylish movie mysteries such as *Laura* (1944) and *Fallen Angel* (1945). In the 1950s and 1960s, he directed a number of high-profile adaptations of popular novels and stage works. Several of these pushed the boundaries of censorship by dealing with topics which were then taboo in Hollywood, such as drug addiction (*The Man with the Golden Arm*, 1955), rape (*Anatomy of a Murder*, 1959) and gay (*Advise & Consent*, 1962). He was twice nominated for the Best Director Academy Award. He also had a few acting roles.

## Personal life
Preminger was married to Marion Mill from 1932 until they divorced in 1946. Secondly he married Mary Gardner from 1951 until they divorced in 1959. Lastly he married Hope Bryce from 1971 until his death in 1986.

### Death
Preminger died in New York City, New York on April 23, 1986, from lung cancer and Alzheimer's disease, he was 80 years old. He was cremated and is buried in the Azalea Room of the Velma B. Woolworth Memorial Chapel at Woodlawn Cemetery in Bronx, New York.

## References
## Other websites
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* Cinema Retro: Keir Dullea Recalls Starring in Preminger's *Bunny Lake is Missing*
* Literature on Otto Preminger
Ian Abercrombie

**Ian Abercrombie** (11 September 1934 – 26 January 2012) was an English actor.

## Career
Abercrombie was known for playing Alfred Pennyworth in *Birds of Prey*. He appeared as Elaine Benes's boss, Justin Pitt, during the sixth season of *Seinfeld*, and Rupert Cananaugh, Ian Hainsworth's butler, in *Desperate Housewives*. His career started in 1955 and would last until his death in 2012. 

## Personal life
Abercrombie was born in September 11, 1934 in Grays, Essex, England. Abercrombie was married to Elizabeth Romano from 1956 until they divorced. Lastly he married Gladys Abercrombie until his death in 2012. 

### Death
Abercrombie died on January 26, 2012, at 10:30am, in Hollywood, California from kidney failure. He was 77 years old.

## References
## Other websites
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* Ian Abercrombie at Wookieepedia (a *Star Wars* wiki)
Esther Williams

**Esther Williams** (August 8, 1921 – June 6, 2013) was an American former swimmer and actress. She starred in movies in her career. She later became a businesswoman.

## Early life
She was born in Inglewood, California.

## Death
Williams died in her sleep on June 6, 2013 in her Los Angeles home.

## Other websites
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* Official Esther Williams website
* *The Golden Years* 
* Esther Williams Swimming Pools website
* *The Shelf: Review of The Esther Williams Collection*, vol. 1
* Photographs of Esther Williams
* Vaudeville theater named in honor of Esther Williams
Michael York

**Michael York** OBE (born **Michael Hugh Johnson**; 27 March 1942) is an English actor. York has a career that has spanned for 47 years. York has appeared in many movies such as; *Justine*, *The Guru*, *Murder on Orient Express*, ''Logan's Run*, *Fedora*, *True Women*, *Leonard 6*, *Austin Powers Movie Series*, and in *Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen''. 

York was born in Fulmer, Buckinghamshire, England and is a naturalized American citizen. He studied at Bromley Grammar School for Boys and at the University College, Oxford. York has been married to Patricia McCallum since 1965. He has a stepson.

In 2013, York announced he is suffering from amyloidosis and this has affected his voice and face.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
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Emil Boc

**Emil Boc** (b. 6 September 1966, Răchițele, Cluj) is a Romanian politician. He was the president of the Democratic Liberal Party from 2005 to 2012. He was Prime Minister of Romania from 2008 - February 2012.  Now he is Mayor of Cluj-Napoca.

## Studies
He finished The University of History and Philosophy Cluj and Law School.

## References
Haywire

***Haywire*** is a 2011 action thriller movie. It was directed by Steven Soderbergh. It stars Gina Carano, Antonio Banderas, Michael Douglas, Ewan McGregor, Channing Tatum, and Michael Fassbender.

*Haywire* was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on May 1, 2012.

## Cast
* Gina Carano as Mallory Kane
* Michael Fassbender as Paul
* Ewan McGregor as Kenneth
* Bill Paxton as John Kane
* Channing Tatum as Aaron
* Antonio Banderas as Rodrigo
* Michael Douglas as Coblenz
* Michael Angarano as Scott
* Mathieu Kassovitz as Studer
* Eddie J. Fernandez as Barroso
* Anthony Brandon Wong as Jiang
* Tim Connolly as Jason
* Maximino Arciniega as Gomez
* Aaron Cohen as Jamie
* Natascha Berg as Liliana
* Fergal O'Halloran as Hotel Clerk

## Box office 
*Haywire* was released on January 20, 2012. It grossed USD$18.9 million on its opening weekend. It grossed to $32.4 million in total.

## References 
## Other websites 
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Christina Pickles

**Christina Pickles** (born 17 February 1935) is an English movie, stage, and television actress, best known for her long-running role of Nurse Helen Rosenthal in the hospital drama *St. Elsewhere*, for which she was nominated for four Emmy Awards. Pickles is also known as for playing Ross and Monica Geller's mother (alongside Elliott Gould) in the hit comedy sitcom *Friends*. She was born in Yorkshire, England. She is currently not married.

## References
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Anthony Bate

**Anthony Bate** (31 August 1927 – 19 June 2012) was an English actor.
 
He is possibly best known for his role as Oliver Lacon in the BBC television adaptations of the John le Carré novels *Tinker, Tailor, Soldier*, *Spy* and ''Smiley's People''.
 
Bate's other credits include: *Dixon of Dock Green*, *The Saint*, *The Avengers*, *Prime Suspect*, *A Touch of Frost and Midsomer Murders*.

Bate was born in Stourbridge, Worcestershire, England on August 31, 1927 to Hubert George Cookson Bate and to Cecile Marjorie Canadine. Bate was educated at the King Edward VI School, Stourbridge and at the Central School of Speech and Drama. His career would begin in 1953 and would last until his retirement in 2005.

Bate lived in London, England. Bate was married to Diana Fay from 1954 until his death in 2012, together they had 2 children. Bate died in Newport, Isle of Wight from a short illness, he was 84 years old.

## References
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Ike Turner

**Ike Turner** (November 5, 1931 – December 12, 2007) was an American singer, songwriter and recording artist. He recorded many hit records, most of which were done with his wife Tina Turner. He was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, although he later moved to St. Louis, Missouri then to California.

He recorded “Rocket 88”  a hit in 1951 for Jackie Brenston and His Delta Cats.  Brenston was Turner's saxophonist and the Delta Cats were actually Turner's Kings of Rhythm back-up band. Some people think this was the first rock and roll record.

He died of an accidental cocaine overdose in San Diego.

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## References
Obama, Fukui

is a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan.

## History
In the pre-modern period, Obama was the main port and capital of Wakasa Province.

In the Edo period, Obama was the capital of the Obama Domain.

In 1871, the Obama Domain become Obama prefecture after the abolition of domains and establishment of prefectures. Later, the merger was repeated and in 1951 the present city of Obama was established.

## Geography
### Surrounding municipalities
* Fukui Prefecture
** Ōi
** Wakasa
* Shiga Prefecture
** Takashima

## Climate
Obama has a humid subtropical climate with warm, wet summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Obama is 14.9&nbsp;°C. The average annual rainfall is 2005&nbsp;mm with September as the wettest month.The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.4&nbsp;°C, and lowest in January, at around 3.8&nbsp;°C.

## Population
From Japanese census data,

## Specialities 
**Traditional Crafts**

* *Wakasa-nuri* (Wakasa Lacquer Ware)

Wakasa Lacquer uses a "polishing" technique that involves coating on many layers of lacquer. Wakasa Lacquer made over several months’ time by coating the finest lacquer some ten-odd times, applying a pattern with shells, eggshells, and gold leafs, and polishing it with stones and charcoal.

* *Wakasa-menouzaiku* (Wakasa Agate Work)

Wakasa agate work is the root of precious stone work of Japan. Wakasa agate works carved through unique technique is the greatest of precious stone arts. Wakasa agate work is made by applying heat to the rough stone to make it red, and deciding the shape of carving taking into consideration the scratches on the natural stone and long-lasting polishing work.

**Foods**

* *Heshiko*

Since Obama is facing the sea of Japan, it has a lot of fish. *Heshiko* is a traditional dish that uses a salted blue-skin fish, and it can be preserved for a long time.

* *Yopparaisaba*
Yopparaisaba uses mackerel that was raised on sake lees.

## Omizuokuri 
Omizuokuri is an event that is held on every March second by Jinguji-Temple. In this event, they put purified water in the depth of Unose.Ten days after this event, an event called Omizutori is held in Nigatsu-do Hall in Nara Prefecture, and the water comes from Jinguji-Temple is drew up on Nigatsu-do Hall.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Galina Bob

**Galina Dmitriyevna Bob** (; born 4 November 1984) is a Russian movie, television and theatre actress. She is most famous for role of Maria "Bobylych" Bobylkina in the comedy television series *Deffchonki*, which she has been playing since 2012.

## References
Mario Van Peebles

**Mario Van Peebles** (born January 15, 1957) is an American movie actor who was born in Mexico City. He directed and starred in numerous movies, including *New Jack City*. He is son of filmmaker Melvin Van Peebles.

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Joyce Brothers

**Joyce Brothers** (October 20, 1927 &ndash; May 13, 2013) was an American television personality and actress. She has been on many TV programs. These include *The Nanny*, *Melrose Place* and *Frasier*. She is also a newspaper columnist. Many date of birth related sources say 1927 is her birth year while others claim 1928 or 1929, was her birth year. Brothers died on May 13, 2013 in Fort Lee, New Jersey from respiratory failure, aged 85.

## References
Nicolae Văcăroiu

**Nicolae Văcăroiu** (born 5 December 1943 in Cetatea Albă, now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Ukraine) is a Romanian politician. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party. He was the Prime Minister between 1992 and 1996. Before the 1989 Revolution he worked at the Committee for State Planning with Theodor Stolojan.

He was the President of the Senate of Romania for almost eight years.

On 14 October 2008 he was voted by the Parliament as President of the Court of Audit.

## Notes
Esther Rolle

**Esther Rolle** (November 8 1920 – November 17 1998) was an American actress. She was best known as Florida Evans in the CBS series *Good Times*. She also starred in other movies and television shows throughout the years such as the 1997 movie *Rosewood*.  She died from diabetes in November 1998.
Don Grady

**Don Louis Agrati** (June 8, 1944 – June 27, 2012), better known as **Don Grady**, was an American television and movie actor, composer, and musician. He was best known both as one of Mickey Mouse's original *Mouseketeers*, and as Robbie Douglas on *My Three Sons*. His sister was also an actress, billed as Lani O'Grady. His father was Lou A. Agrati. His mother was a talent agent, known as Mary Grady. 

Grady was born in San Diego, California on June 8, 1944. Grady was married twice; first to Julie Boonisar from 1976 until they divorced in 1979. Lastly he was married to Virginia Lewsader from 1985 until his death in 2012. Grady died on June 27, 2012 in his home in Thousand Oaks, California from cancer. He was 68 years old.

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George Murdock

**George Murdock** (June 25, 1930 – April 30, 2012) was an American television and movie actor.

Among his most famous characters for movies and TV were Lt. Scanlon, the oily Internal Affairs officer in *Barney Miller*,  Dr. Salik in *Battlestar Galactica* TV series and his appearance in *Star Trek V: The Final Frontier*, directed by William Shatner, who called him "a wonderful actor". Murdock career would begin in 1961 until his death in 2012.

Murdock was born on June 25, 1930 in Salina, Kansas. Murdock was never married and had no children. Murdock died on April 30, 2012 in a hospital in Burbank, California from complications from cancer, he was 81 years old.

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