open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Duke of Sussex

**Duke of Sussex** is a noble title given to a male member of the British Royal Family. It is considered a hereditary title, meaning it can be passed down from father to son. The title was first created in 1801 and given to Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, the sixth son of King George III. It is one of several royal dukedoms in the British peerage system. This title became extinct in 1843 when Prince Augustus Frederick died without any sons. The title was revived in 2018 and bestowed upon Prince Harry, the younger son of King Charles III, on the occasion of his wedding to Meghan Markle. The wife of the Duke of Sussex is called the Duchess of Sussex.

## History 
The word "Duke" is linked to Sussex way back in history. This area used to be a separate kingdom called Sussex, ruled by kings. Around the year 827, another kingdom called Wessex took over Sussex. Later, both became part of what we now know as England. Interesting fact: sometimes these early Sussex kings were called "ealdormen" or even "duces" in Latin, which can be kind of like saying "duke".

In 1801, the special title "Duke of Sussex" was given for the first time to Prince Augustus Frederick. He was the sixth son of King George III.  Interestingly, he also received two other titles that same day: Baron Arklow and Earl of Inverness. But these titles all disappeared when Prince Augustus Frederick died in 1843.

Although the Prince was survived by a son and daughter by Lady Augusta Murray, their marriage (purportedly solemnized at St George's Hanover Square Church, Westminster, in 1793) had been annulled for lack of royal permission under the Royal Marriages Act 1772, rendering the children illegitimate under English law and unable to inherit titles from their father. Both children by the annulled marriage died childless, rendering the issue of their inheritance moot.

Prince Augustus married again in 1831, but this time he broke the rules (called the Royal Marriages Act) again! He married Lady Cecilia Gore in London. Because of this she didn't become a legitimate wife of Prince Augustus, Lady Cecilia couldn't join the royal family at official events. But later, in 1840, Queen Victoria gave Lady Cecilia her own special title, Duchess of Inverness.

In 2018, when Prince Harry, grandson of Queen Elizabeth, married Meghan Markle, he received a special title - Duke of Sussex! This title was brought back just for him, as the previous Duke lived a long time ago. Meghan, his wife, became the first ever Duchess of Sussex. He also got other lesser titles for different parts of the UK. A year later, they welcomed a son, Prince Archie, who inherits these titles when he grows up.
## Related pages
* Titles of European royal heirs

## References
Teaching hospital

A **teaching hospital** is a hospital or medical centre that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

## History 
The first teaching hospital where students were authorized to methodically practice on patients under the supervision of physicians was reportedly the Academy of Gundishapur in the Persian Empire during the Sassanid era. Some of the earliest teaching hospitals were the Islamic Bimaristans, which included the Al-Adudi Hospital founded in Baghdad in 981 and the Al-Fustat Hospital in Cairo founded in 872.

## References
Lothair I

**Lothair I** (Dutch and Medieval Latin: *Lotharius*; German: *Lothar*; French: *Lothaire*; Italian: *Lotario*; 795 – 29 September 855) was the ruler of the Carolingian Empire from July 817 until his death in 29 September 855.
Highland Papua

**Highland Papua** () is a province of Indonesia. It has an area of . In 2022, 1,430,459 people lived there. The province was created on 11 November 2022 as a split from Papua. It is on the central highlands of Western New Guinea, where it is the only landlocked province in Indonesia. The capital is in Jayawijaya Regency.

## References
Nasutixalus jerdonii

'''Jerdon's bubble-nest frog**, **Jerdon's tree frog**, **Jerdon's bush frog**, **Jerdon's ridge-nosed tree frog**, or **Darjeeling bubble-nest tree frog'* (*Nasutixalus jerdonii'') is a frog.  It lives in India and Myanmar. Scientists think it may live in Nepal also.  People have seen it between 1336 and 1600 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in evergreen forests on hills and mountains and in forests that have been cut down and grew back.  People have also seen it in bamboo plants.  It does not live in places where too many trees have been cut down.  The female frog lays eggs in bits of water high up in the trees. The water is in holes in the trees. The tadpoles swim in the water and eat eggs.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place, but they believe people cutting down its forests may harm it. Some of the places where the frog lives are protected parks.

## References
Yorushika

is a Japanese two-member rock band formed in 2017.  The members include **n-buna**, a vocaloid producer, and **suis**, a female vocalist.

## History 
N-buna met and formed the band with suis in 2017, who participated in one-man live. 
The band released their first EP  in 2017, and released their first album  in 2019 through Universal Music Japan.

In 2020, they released the theme song , and ending song  for the anime film *A Whisker Away*.  

In 2021, Suis provided the vocals for the ending theme  to the Japanese version of the Disney film *Luca*. 

In 2022, they released the theme song  and  for the Japanese TV drama  

In 2023, they released , the opening theme song for the first season of the anime series . 

In 2024, they released , the second opening theme song for the anime series, .

## Members 
*  (composer)
*  (vocalist)

### Supporting Members 
* **Mitsuyasu Shimotsuru** (Guitar) 
* **Tatsuya Kitani** (Bass) 
* **Masack** (Drums) 
* **Tetsuya Hirahata** (Piano) 

## Discography 
### Albums 
### Extended plays 
### Singles 
### Art books 
### Films 
### Other Works　 
In 2021, n-buna worked as the composer for The Coca-Cola Company's "I LOHAS Natural Mineral Water" advertisement.

In 2021, suis worked as the narrator for "Sumitomo Mitsui Bank" advertisement.

In 2021, n-buna provided the narration for NHK's "From Here in Tohoku" documentary.

In 2022, suis provided the narration for Fuji TV's "The Nonfiction" documentary.

In 2023, n-buna worked as the composer, and suis worked as the narrator for "99th Hakone Ekiden: Inheritance of Thoughts" advertisement.

In 2023, n-buna first time worked as one of the primary composers for an anime. He worked as the composer for Wit Studio's original short anime ''''. He also provided the music and lyrics for its theme song.

## Awards 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Fathi Shaqaqi

**Fathi Shaqaqi** was the leader and founder of Palestinian Islamic Jihad. He was born in the Gaza Strip on the 4th of January 1951 to a family of refugees. 

He founded Islamic Jihad in 1981 with the goal of starting a Islamic state under sharia law in Israel and Palestine.  His inspiration was based off of a mix of Khomeinism and Salafism.

## References
Mohammad Ismail

Mohammed Ismail is a member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and was formerly a member of Noakhali-11.

## Career 
He was elected to parliament by the Noakhali-11 unit as a Bangladesh National Party candidate in the year 1979.

## References
Riot Act

The **Riot Act** (1 Geo. 1. St. 2. c. 5), sometimes called the **Riot Act 1714** or the **Riot Act 1715**, was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain.  It gave local authorities power to declare any group of 12 or more people to be unlawfully assembled and order them to disperse or be punished. The act's full title was "An Act for preventing tumults and riotous assemblies, and for the more speedy and effectual punishing the rioters". It came into force on 1 August 1715. It was repealed in England and Wales by section 10(2) and Part III of Schedule 3 of the Criminal Law Act 1967. Acts like it were part of the laws of British colonies in Australia and North America, some of which remain in force today.

The phrase "" means a warning of consequences.

It was introduced during a time of  riots in England. The preamble makes reference to "many rebellious riots and tumults [that] have been [taking place of late] in diverse parts of this kingdom", adding that those involved "presum[e] so to do, for that the punishments provided by the laws now in being are not adequate to such heinous offences".

The wording that had to be read out to the assembled gathering was as follows:

In a number of jurisdictions, such as Britain, Canada and New Zealand, these words were put in the law itself.  In New Zealand's Crimes Act 1961, section 88, repealed since 1987, was specifically given the heading of "Reading the Riot Act".

## References
2079

**2079** (MMLXXIX), the 2079th year of the Common Era (CE) and *Anno Domini* (AD) designations, .

## Events 
* May 16: 150th anniversary of the Academy Awards. 
* May 25: 100th anniversary of the Alien. 

## References
Hasanids

**Hasanids** are the sons of Imam Hassan who is the brother of Imam Hussein and the grandson of Muhamad. They are one of the branches of the Alids (those who are the sons of Ali) and one of those most important branches of the Alids.

The Hasanids unlike their brothers at the Husaynids are against the Abbasids and launched many unsucessful attacks against them.

## References 

## Sources 
* 
*
Giovanni Gentile

**Giovanni Gentile** was an Italian philosopher and politician who was Minister of Education under Benito Mussolini. Gentille helped Mussolini write his ideas about Fascism and Mussolini called Gentille the “philosopher of Fascism.”

## Sources 
The Oxford Handbook of German Philosophy in the 19th Century

The Fascist Movement in Italian Life and Fascist Doctrines and Institutions

Giovanni Gentile, Encyclopedia Brittanica
Nasutixalus yingjiangensis

The **Yingjiang ridge-nosed tree frog** or **Yingjiang tree-hole frog** (*Nasutixalus yingjiangensis*) is a frog.  It lives in Tibet, in China.  People have seen it 1610 meters above sea level.

This frog lives high in the trees where the branches come together like a roof.

Scientists think this frog is in danger of dying out because it has only been found in a small place: 129 square kilometers. However, scientists think it could live in other places too, but humans have cut the trees down to get wood to build with.

Scientists think human beings changing wetlands could hurt this frog.

## First paper
*

## References
John the Baptist in Islam

**Yahya ibn Zakariya** (John, son of Zecariah) is a prophet in Islam, who was sent to the Children of Jacob to guide them. He is mentioned 5 times in the Quran.

He is honored in Sufism due to his good character and kindness. Sufis claim that both Jesus and Yahya are similar due to both being given wisdom by God and phrases being similarly used to describe the prophets.

Various hadiths say he died without any sins and the Quran says he was blessed both on the day he was born and the day he died.

## References
Ahrar-ul-Hind

**Ahrar ul Hind** (freedom fighters for India) was a militant group that split from the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan in 2014 due to peace talks with the government of Pakistan. Ahrar ul Hind said that they would not accept any peace talks with Pakistan and claimed responsibility for many attacks of terrorism in Pakistan.

## References
Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen

**Jaamat ul-Mujahideen** (Assembly of Mujahideen) is a islamist militant group from Bangladesh. The group is designated a terror group by Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The group was founded in April 1998 by Abdur Rahman and gained attention when documents about the group was leaked in 2001. The group was designated a terrorist group by Bangladesh in February 2005 due to attacks on charities.

## References
Hizbul Islam

**Hizbul Islam** (Party of Islam) was a militant group formed after other militant groups merged to rebel against President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed. The four militant groups the merged were: Jabhatul Islamiya, Muaskar Anole, Mu'askar Ras Kamboni, and Hassan Dahir Aweys. The group merged with Al-Shabaab in 2010.

## References
Taqiyya

**Taqiyya** is sinning for a pious cause in some forms of Islam. Sunnis believe that Taqiyya is only done for ones own safety but Shias also believe that taqiyya can be done any time as long as it is for a pious cause. Taqiyya is commonly used by in attacks of terrorism using misinterpretations of the Qur'an and hadith.

## References
Tears (Rush song)

"**Tears**" is a 1976 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush. It is the fifth track from their fourth studio album *2112*. It was covered by Alice in Chains in 2016 and was released as a single and their cover appeared on Rush's 40th anniversary edition of their fourth studio album.

## References
Edging (song)

"**Edging**" is a 2022 song by Blink-182 and is the leading single from their ninth studio album *One More Time...*. It went to number 61 in the United States, number 31 in the United Kingdom, number 50 in Australia, number 18 in Japan and number 25 in Canada. It charted outside the top 40 in New Zealand.

## References
Go All the Way (song)

"**Go All the Way**" is a 1972 song by Raspberries and is the second single from their debut studio album *Raspberries*. It was their biggest hit of their career and went to number 5 in the United States and Canada and number 14 in Australia. It was banned by the BBC in the United Kingdom for sexual content.

## References
Bois-d'Amont, Switzerland

'''Bois-d'Amont''' is a municipality in Sarine in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021, the former municipalities of Arconciel, Ependes and Senèdes merged to form the new municipality of Bois-d'Amont.

## References
Jamaat-ul-Ahrar

**Jaamat ul-Ahrar** (Assembly of the Freedmen) was a militant group that split away from the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan in 2014. The group got media attention after it took responsibility for the 2014 Wagah border suicide attack. In 2020, the group rejoined the TTP. The group was designated a terrorist group by Pakistan and the UN in 2017.

## References
Tresa, Switzerland

**Tresa** is a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was created on 18 April 2021 from the former municipalities of Croglio, Monteggio, Ponte Tresa and Sessa.

## References
Noble-Contrée

**Noble-Contrée** is a municipality in Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021, the former municipalities of Miège, Venthône and Veyras merged to form the new municipality of Noble-Contrée.

## References
Bois-d'Amont

'''Bois-d'Amont''' is the name of two municipalities in Europe:
* Bois-d'Amont, Jura, a commune in the Jura department, France
* Bois-d'Amont, Switzerland, a municipality in the district of Sarine in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland
Hautemorges

**Hautemorges** is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2021, the former municipalities of Apples, Bussy-Chardonney, Cottens, Pampigny, Reverolle and Sévery merged to form the new municipality of Hautemorges.

## References
Bois-d'Amont, Jura

'''Bois-d'Amont''' is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Jura department in east France.

## References
University of Lviv

The **University of Lviv** or the **Ivan Franko National University of Lviv**, is the oldest institution of higher education in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland, granted it its first royal charter.

Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes. The present institution can be dated to 1940. It is located in the historic city of Lviv in Lviv Oblast.

## References
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

**Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv**, also known as Kyiv University, Shevchenko University, or KNU, is in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is the third oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and University of Kharkiv. It is the largest national higher education institution in the country.

It was started in 1834 by Nicholas I of Russia as the Saint Vladimir Imperial University of Kiev; it has since changed its name several times. Kiev State University was one of the top-three universities in the USSR, along with Moscow State University and Leningrad State University. It is ranked as the best university in Ukraine in many rankings. Its alumni include Mykola Lysenko, Nikolay Bunge, Mykhailo Drahomanov, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Nikolai Berdyaev, Mikhail Bulgakov, Ivan Schmalhausen, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Viacheslav Chornovil, and Leonid Kravchuk. The university is named after Taras Shevchenko, who was banned from educational activities for political reasons, but worked for the university as a field researcher.

## References
National University of Kharkiv

**Kharkiv University** or **Karazin** **University**  officially **V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University**  is one of the major universities in Ukraine, and earlier in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. It was founded in Kharkiv in 1804 by Vasily Karazin. It is the second oldest university in modern-day Ukraine.

In 2022, the university was severely damaged by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. 

## References
John II Casimir Vasa

**John II Casimir Vasa** (; ; 22nd March 1609–16th December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 until his abdication in 1668 and Pretender to the throne of Sweden from 1648 to 1660. He was the first son of Sigismund III Vasa with his second wife Constance of Austria. John Casimir succeeded his older half-brother, Władysław IV Vasa.

## References
Nicole Pasteur

**Nicole Pasteur** (born Nicole Mercier 11 July 1944, Terrasson-Lavilledieu) is a French geneticist. Her research on mosquito resistance to insecticides has been awarded the CNRS silver medal.

## Life 
Nicole Mercier was born on July 11, 1944 in Terrasson-Lavilledieu in Dordogne in a family of doctors and teachers. She studied at University of Texas Medical Branch. She joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research in 1972. She used electrophoresis to find which genes are resistant to insecticides.

## References
Leptomantis fasciatus

The **banded flying frog** or **banded tree frog** (*Leptomantis fasciatus*) is a frog.  It lives in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei. People have seen it as high as 200 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in peat swamps in rainforests forests. Scientists believe that this frog does not live in places that human beings have changed. The tadpoles swim in the swamp.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. The frog lives in three protected parks: Gunung Mulu National Park, Kayan Mentarang National Park, and Ulu Temberong National Park.

## References
Ive (group)

**Ive** (; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean girl group. The group is made of six members: Gaeul, Yujin, Rei, Wonyoung, Liz and Leeseo. They were formed by  on December 1, 2021. They make K-pop music and it is often about the concept of "".

Some of the members were already famous before their debut in the group. Yujin and Wonyoung took part in the talent show *Produce 48* to become members of Iz*One.

## Name 
Ive stands for "I've", which is short for "I have". The meaning behind the name is that they "have it all".

Their fans are called "Dive"; the name comes from their greeting "Dive into Ive".
* Gaeul ()
* Rei ()
* Wonyoung ()
* Liz ()
* Leeseo ()

## Discography 
### Studio albums 
* ''I've Ive* (2023)

### Extended plays 
**Korean EPs**
* *I've Mine* (2023)
* *Ive Switch* (2024)
* *Ive Empathy* (2025)
* *Ive Secret* (2025)

**Japanese EPs**
* *Wave* (2023)
* *Alive* (2024)

### Single albums 
* *Eleven* (2021)
* *Love Dive* (2022)
* *After Like* (2022)

### Promotional singles 
* "I Want" (2023)
* "Summer Festa" (2024)

### Soundtrack appearances 
* "Will" (*Pokémon 3'' OST) (2024)

## Music videos 
* "Eleven" (2021)
* "Love Dive" (2022)
* "After Like" (2022)
* "Eleven" (Japanese version) (2022)
* "Kitsch" (2023)
* "I Am" (2023)
* "Wave" (2023)
* "I Want" (2023)
* "Either Way" (2023)
* "Off the Record" (2023)
* "Baddie" (2023)
* "All Night" (with Saweetie) (2024)
* "Heya" (2024)
* "Accendio" (2024)
* "Summer Festa" (2024)
* "Crush" (2024)
* "Supernova Love" (with David Guetta) (2024)
* "Rebel Heart" (2025)
* "Attitude" (2025)
* "Be Alright" (2025)
* "Xoxz" (2025)

## References 
## Other websites 
*  
*  
* IVE (official YouTube channel)
Leptomantis

***Leptomantis***, or **slim treefrogs**,  is a group of frogs that live in southern Thailand and the Philippines. Scientists used to think the frogs in the genus *Leptomantis* were in *Rhacophorus*.

## Species
These species are in the genus *Leptomantis*:
* *Leptomantis angulirostris* (Ahl, 1927)
* *Leptomantis belalongensis* (Dehling and Grafe, 2008)
* *Leptomantis bimaculatus* Peters, 1867
* *Leptomantis cyanopunctatus* (Manthey and Steiof, 1998)
* *Leptomantis fasciatus* (Boulenger, 1895)
* *Leptomantis gadingensis* (Das and Haas, 2005)
* *Leptomantis gauni* (Inger, 1966)
* *Leptomantis harrissoni* (Inger and Haile, 1959)
* *Leptomantis malkmusi* (Dehling, 2015)
* *Leptomantis penanorum* (Dehling, 2008)
* *Leptomantis pseudacutirostris* (Dehling, 2011)
* *Leptomantis robinsonii* (Boulenger, 1903)
* *Leptomantis rufipes* (Inger, 1966)

## References
Local election

In most countries **local elections** take place to elect people in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as "municipal elections". The way these elections are done varies.

In some places the mayor is elected by votes of all the people in the area.  Those directly elected mayors often have a lot of power.  In other places the councillors choose one of them to be the mayor, often for just a year.  

The elections of councillors generally happen every three or four years. Sometimes all the councillors are elected at the same time.  In other places  some of them are elected each year. There may be more than one council covering an area, with some very local and others covering a wider area. The rules about who can vote and how the votes are counted may be different.

There may be separate elections for organisations running particular services, like the Water board.

Political parties often are involved in the elections, but in the most local elections there are more independent politicians than there are in national elections.

## References
Bruno Lafont

**Bruno Lafont** (born 8 June 1956) is the chairman and former CEO of Lafarge.
He graduated from HEC Paris in 1977. He is also board member of Électricité de France and ArcelorMittal.

## References
Basque Nationalist Party

The **Basque Nationalist Party**, officially **Basque National Party** in English, is a Basque nationalist and regionalist political party. The party is in the centre of the political spectrum. with social-democratic and conservative-liberal factions. In 2020 the party voted in favour of the current Prime Minister of Spain, Pedro Sánchez, belonging to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.

It operates in all of the Basque Country: the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre in Spain, and in the French Basque Country. It also has delegations in dozens of foreign nations, specifically those with a major presence of Basque immigrants.

The party was started by Sabino Arana in 1895, which makes it the second oldest political party in Spain, after the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.It is the largest Basque nationalist party, having led the Basque Government since 1979, except for a brief period between 2009 and 2012. In Navarre, it is part of the coalition Geroa Bai, which is currently a junior partner of the PSOE in the Navarrese regional government. Currently a member of the European Democratic Party, it was a member of the European Free Alliance from 1999 to 2004. Earlier it had been affiliated with the European People's Party and the Christian Democrat International (from which it was expelled in 2000).

## References
European Free Alliance

The **European Free Alliance** (**EFA**) is a European political party that consists of various regionalist, separatist and ethnic minority The party has generally limited its membership to centre-left and left-wing parties; therefore, only a few of European regionalist parties are members of the EFA.

Since 1999, the EFA and the European Green Party have joined forces within Greens–European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament, although some EFA members have joined other groups from time to time.

The EFA's youth wing is the European Free Alliance Youth, founded in 2000.

As of 2024, four European regions are led by EFA politicians: Scotland with Humza Yousaf of the Scottish National Party, Flanders with Jan Jambon of the New Flemish Alliance, Corsica with Gilles Simeoni of For Corsica, and Catalonia with Pere Aragonès of the Republican Left of Catalonia.

## References
European Democratic Party

The **European Democratic Party**, also known as the **European Democrats**, is a centrist European political party in favour of European integration. François Bayrou is the party's president. It was started in 2004 in Brussels.

All of the EDP's MEPs currently sit in the liberal Renew Europe group. The youth wing is the Young Democrats for Europe.

As of 2024, one EDP member participates in the national government France,  supporting Prime Minister Gabriel Attal. Two European regions are also led by a EDP politicians, with Spain's Basque Country being led by Iñigo Urkullu of the Basque Nationalist Party and with Spain's Canary Islands being led by Fernando Clavijo Batlle of the Canarian Coalition; EDP member Free Voters participates as a junior coalition partner in the state government of Bavaria in Germany.

## References
Stevie Richards

**Michael Stephen Manna** (born October 9, 1971) is an American former professional wrestler. He during his career, Richards wrestled for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

He was known for being a part of the stables Blue World Order (bWo), Raven's Nest/The Flock, and Right to Censor.

During his time in the wrestling, Richards was a two-time ECW World Tag Team Champion and a twenty one-time WWF/E Hardcore Championship.

Since retiring, Richards has started a YouTube channel called *Stevie Richards Wrestling Analysis*. In his videos, Richards reviews and explains how professional wrestling moves are done, different wrestling injuries, and botches.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Noakhali-11

The **Noakhali-11** was one of the electoral districts of the National Parliament of Bangladesh. It was a seat at the National Assembly located in Noakhali district.

## History 
Noakhali-11 was formed in 1973 but was discontinued in 1984.

## Elected Members of Paraliment 
## References
Leptomantis robinsonii

'''Robinson's flying frog** or **Robinson's tree frog'* (*Leptomantis robinsonii'') is a frog.  It lives in Thailand and Malaysia.  People have seen it between 152 and 762 meters above sea level.

This frog in forests that have never been cut down and in forests that are growing back if human beings have not changed them too much. This frog lays eggs in ponds and still water. The eggs hatch into tadpoles.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. People cut down its forests to make palm oil farms and to get wood to build with.

## References
Roadkill (wrestler)

**Michael DePoli** (born August 10, 1976) is an American former professional wrestler. During his career, DePoli wrestled for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He was known by the ring names **Roadkill** and **Amish Roadkill**.

He was known for the gimmick of a Amish chicken farmer and would dress in Amish clothes.

During his time in the wrestling, DePoli was a one-time ECW World Tag Team Champion with Danny Doring. He was also a one-time OVW Southern Tag Team Champion with Kasey James in Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW).

On October 6, 2012, DePoli would wrestle his last match. He would team with his tag team partner Danny Doring and they would defeat the team of The FBI (Little Guido & Tony Mamaluke) at House of Hardcore's debut show. Afterwards, he would retire from in-ring competition.

## References
Nigger in the woodpile

The phrase **nigger in the woodpile** is a figure of speech from the United States and it means something suspicious and wrong. The phrase was commonly used from the late 1800's to early 1900's but stopped being used due to people disliking the word nigger and seeing a negative connotation to the word in the late 1900's to the present day. The phrase has been replaced by the phrase elephant in the room in many books due to political correctness.

## References
Petit lac Calve

**Petit lac Calve** is a lake in Canada. It is in Abitibi-Temiscamingue which is in Quebec which is 290 kilometers from the city of Ottawa, which is the capital of Canada. The areas near the lake are mostly big forests.

The climate is cold averaging at 0 degrees Celsius with low points of -18 degrees Celsius in January and high points of 16 degrees Celsius in July. The driest month is February with 48 mm and the wettest is September with 154 mm. On average the lake gets 1068 mm of rainfall every year.

## References
Martinsen Lake

The **Martinsen Lake** is a lake in the Nipissing District which is in Ontario which is a province of Canada. The lake's average high temperature is 0 degrees Celsius and the lake's average low temperature is -9 degrees Celsius.

## References
Friar of the weather

The **Friar of the weather** (sold as *fraile del tiempo* ) is a hygrometer built with the hair of a *blond, young woman of Slavic race.* Designed by the Calella inventor Agapit Borràs Pedemonte in 1894.  The figure represents a Capuchin friar seated with a globe at his feet and an open book in his right hand. Through the pointer of his left hand, the friar indicates whether the weather will be *dry, rough, windy, good, unsafe, windy, wet* or *rain*.  As the pointer moves due to hair expansion, so does the monk's hood. The company has made more than 40 different versions of the instrument, in some of which the friar has been replaced by nuns, warriors, Christopher Columbus or even by the monk from the children's drink Kina San Clemente. 

To commercialize it, the company *Tot Ideas SL* was founded , owned by the Borràs family from Mataró.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Product website
* The product on the company's website
Revolution (2024)

**Revolution (2024)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). It took place March 3, 2024 at Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina. It was the fifth Revolution event held by AEW.

The main event saw Sting and Darby Allin defeat The Young Bucks (Matthew Jackson and Nicholas Jackson) in a tornado tag team match to keep their AEW World Tag Team Championships. Sting then retired with an undefeated record in AEW. During a press conference after the pay-per-view, AEW president Tony Khan announced that he had vacated the championships. He also announced that there would be a tournament to crown the new champions.

The event is notable for Sting competing in the final match of his career. He would retire from in-ring competition afterwards. Kyle O'Reilly also made his return from injury at the show.

## Matches
## References
Charmless Man

"**Charmless Man**" is a 1996 song by Blur and is the fourth single from their fourth studio album *The Great Escape*. It went to number 5 in the United Kingdom, number 6 in Scotland and Iceland, number 35 in Australia, number 25 in Ireland and number 33 in Germany.

## Track listings
All music was composed by Albarn, Coxon, James and Rowntree. All lyrics were composed by Albarn.

**UK 7-inch and cassette single**
# "Charmless Man"
# "The Horrors"

**UK CD single**
# "Charmless Man"
# "The Horrors"
# "A Song"
# "St. Louis"

**European CD single**
# "Charmless Man" – 3:33
# "The Man Who Left Himself" – 3:21

**French CD single**
# "Charmless Man" – 3:34
# "It Could Be You" (live) – 3:19

**Australasian CD single**
# "Charmless Man" – 3:33
# "The Man Who Left Himself" – 3:21
# "Tame" – 4:47
# "Ludwig" – 2:24

## References
Sissieretta Jones

**Sissieretta Jones** was an American singer. She was born in either on the 5th of January 1868 or the 5th of January 1869 and died on the 24th of June 1933. She sang for 4 presidents of the US and the British royal family and was awarded with success.

## References
Saurostomus

***Saurostomus*** is an extinct genus of pelagic pachycormiform from the early Toarcian of Europe. Its only species is ***S. esocinus***. Fossil remains have been found in England, Germany, and France.

The generic name means "lizard mouth." Cladistic analysis retains *Saurostomus* as sister to a clade comprising *Ohmdenia* and the suspension-feeding pachycormids.

## Description 
This fish was large. The model on the right shows that it resembled a small shark, but with a smaller dorsal fin. The robust body had two pectoral fins, particularly elongated.

## Classification 
*Saurostomus* is part of the Pachycormiformes, a group of bony fish that first appeared in the Lower Jurassic. In particular, it is a fish with some skull features bringing it closer to the giant filter feeder *Leedsichthys*.

### Synonyms 
* *Pachycormus esocinus*

## References 
# Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". *Bulletins of American Paleontology*. **364**: 560. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
Ohmdenia

***Ohmdenia*** is an extinct genus of pachycormiform from the Lower Jurassic of Germany. Its only species is ***O. multidentata***. Some studies say *Ohmdenia* is a synonym of *Saurostomus*.

## Description 
The fish is only known from an incomplete fossil, but it is good enough proof to know what it looked like. *Ohmdenia* was a large animal, averaging two and a half meters long. The body is long and thick. It had a wide mouth and a long and short skull.

## Taxonomy 
*Ohmdenia* is a member of the family Pachycormidae in the order Pachycormiformes. For a long time, *Ohmdenia* was considered a close relative of *Birgeria*, a famous Triassic predator. Further studies show that this is not the case, so they placed it in the extinct order Pachycormiformes.

## Related pages 
* Hypsocormus
* Mamulichthys
* Saurostomus
* Balistomorphus
* Bobasatrania
* Australosomus
* Allothrissops
* Allomorone
* Asialepidotus
* Orthocormus

## References 
# Hauff, B. (1953). *Ohmdenia multidentata* nov. gen. et nov. sp. Ein neuer grober Fischfund aus den Posidonienschiefern des Lias e von Ohmden/Holzmaden in Württemburg. Neues Jahrb. Geol. P.-A. 97, 39–50.
# "*Ohmdenia*". *Paleobiology Database*.
Hamas of Iraq

**Hamas of Iraq** (Arabic: حَمَاسُ الْعِرَاقِ) is a Sunni militant group from Iraq, being created from a split in the 1920 Revolution Brigades in 2007. The group has released videos of them attacking US troops. The 1920 Revolution Brigades say that they work with the US army against Al-Qaeda. The group later helped free cities from Daesh in 2015 and gave them to the Iraqi army. The group is mainly made out of former 1920 Revolution Brigades members who were formerly members of Saddam Husayn (ra)'s army. The goal of the group was to free the country from foreign troops such as the US military. 

## References
Revolt of Zayd ibn Ali

On the 1st of Safar 122, Zayed ibn Ali **started a unsuccessful rebellion** against the Umayyad Caliphate, that had been taken from the Rashidun Caliphate after the death of his great grand dad Ali. He ended up being killed on the 3rd of Safar with most of his companions also being killed and it led to the creation of Zaydism.

## References
Leptomantis angulirostris

The **Kina Balu flying frog** or **masked flying frog** (*Leptomantis angulirostris*) is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines, in Luzon, Bohol, and Mindanao.  People have seen it between 700 and 1800 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 31 to 33 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 45-51 mm long. There is some webbed skin on the front feet.  There are bumps on the skin of the belly and front but not on the back. The frog is gray-green to light brown in color. Some frogs have white spots on the head or middle.  There is bright yellow color with black spots on the sides of the body and where the legs meet the body. The chest and belly are white.

This frog only lives in forests that have never been cut down. The forests are on mountains and hills. This frog lays eggs in clear, rocky streams. The tadpoles can grow to be 36 mm long.

Scientists believe this frog is in only some danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. One of the places it lives is a protected park. This frog's danger comes from humans cutting down the forests where it lives.

## References
Mewing

**Mewing** is a type of oral posture training (strengthen your jaw line) made to improve the jawline and the look of your face. It was named after John and Mike Mew, British orthodontists who made the technique as a part of a practice they call "orthotropics". Mewing is done by placing your tongue at the roof of the mouth (which is called the palate) and putting a bit of pressure there. Also, you should swallow the fluids in your mouth while mewing. This is done with the goal of changing the structure of the jaw.  However, no credible scientific research has ever proven how well orthotropics work. especially with what is known as looksmaxxing. many orthodontists  say that mewing does not have enough evidence as a good alternative treatment to orthognathic surgery. and is currently facing a legal hearing for allegedly harming child patients who he treated.

## In media 
Mewing has been used as an internet meme. On social media platforms such as TikTok, people will point to their jaw to show that they are mewing in their videos. In reference of how Donald Trump in a 2023 mug shot looked, journalist Bindu Bansinath wrote "perhaps he's mewing for better definition."

## References
Rowntree's

**Nestlé UK Ltd** ( ), trading as '''Rowntree's''' ( ), is a British confectionery brand. The business was based in York, England. Rowntree developed the Kit Kat (introduced in 1935), Aero (introduced in 1935), Fruit Pastilles (introduced in 1881), Smarties (introduced in 1937) brands, and the Rolo and Quality Street brands when it merged with Mackintosh's in 1969 to form Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery. Rowntree's also launched After Eight thin mint chocolates in 1962. The Yorkie and Lion bars were introduced in 1976. Rowntree's also started the selection box (a gift consisting of assorted bars and sweets) which in the UK have been Christmas gifts for over a century. 

Started in 1862, the company developed strong associations with Quaker philanthropy. Throughout much of the 19th and 20th&nbsp;centuries, it was one of the big three confectionery manufacturers in the United Kingdom, alongside Cadbury and Fry, both also founded by Quakers.  

In 1981, Rowntree's received the Queen's Award for Enterprise for outstanding contribution to international trade. In 1988, when the company was bought by Nestlé, it was the fourth-largest confectionery manufacturer in the world. The Rowntree brand continues to be used to market Nestlé's jelly sweet brands, such as Fruit Gums and Fruit Pastilles. Rowntree’s ceased to exist as a business in 1991, becoming Nestlé UK.

## References
Faridpur, Bangladesh

**Faridpur** () is the district town and district headquarter of Faridpur district. It is situated in Dhaka division in the central part of Bangladesh. It is also headquarter of Faridpur Sadar Upazilla. Faridpur is a politically important city in south-west-central Bangladesh and the 14th largest city in Bangladesh. It is the most populated place in this district. Faridpur is situated on the banks of Kumar river. The area of Faridpur municipality is 66.38 km2 . The total population of Faridpur is 446,921. Pallikabi Jasimuddin is one of the famous Bengali poet belongs to Faridpur. There are also many famous politicians in this district. Earlier its name was *Fatehabad*. Bangladesh's only river research institute is situated here.

## References
Brigitte Geoffroy

**Brigitte Geoffroy** (born 10 March 1964) is a French taekwondo martial artist.  She won the silver medal in 1986, and bronze medal in 1990 and 1992 European Taekwondo Championships,  in the -65 kg category. 

She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the welterweight event.

## References
Faridpur

**Faridpur** may refer to:

## Bangladesh
* Faridpur, Bangladesh, a city and district headquarter in Faridpur District
* Faridpur District, a district in Dhaka Division

## India
* Faridpur (Assembly constituency), Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
* Faridpur Village, a village in Siwan district of Bihar state
* Faridpur, Uttar Pradesh, a town in Uttar Pradesh

## Pakistan
* Faridpur, Khanewal, Punjab Province
* Faridpur, Multan, Punjab Province
* Faridpur, Narowal, Punjab Province
J. S. Fry & Sons

**J. S. Fry & Sons, Ltd.**, better known as ''' Fry's & porn''', was a British chocolate company owned by Joseph Storrs Fry and his family. Beginning in Bristol in the 18th century, the business went through several changes of name and ownership, becoming J. S. Fry & Sons in 1822. In 1847, Fry's produced the first solid chocolate bar. The company also created the first filled chocolate sweet, Cream Sticks, in 1853. Fry is most famous for Fry's Chocolate Cream, the first mass-produced chocolate bar, which was launched in 1866, and Fry's Turkish Delight, launched in 1914.

Fry, alongside Cadbury and Rowntree's, was one of the big three British confectionery manufacturers throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, and all three companies were founded by Quakers. The company became a division of Cadbury in the early 20th century. The division's Somerdale Factory near Bristol was closed after the 2010 takeover of Cadbury's by Kraft Foods Inc.

## References
Antonio Aponte

**Jose Antonio Aponte Ulabarra** (1760-1812) was a Cuban militia officer. He led the armed revolt called the November Revolution in Cuba in 1812. He was captured by the Spanish army and put to death on April 9, 1812.
Superposition

**Superposition** means that several things are combined by putting one on top of the other. More specifically, the term has several meanings:

* In mathematics, linear equations can be combined, and in certain cases, solutions can be found more easily.
* In physics, the **superposition principle** states that if there are two or more stimuli at a given point in time, the response will be the result of adding all the responses. This only applies to linear systems. Since many systems can be modeled as linear systems, the principle has many applications in physics and engineering.
* In biology, alternative splicing means that certain sequences of DNA can be used for more than one protein.
* In geology and archaeology, the Law of Superposition states that layers further down are usually older than those more at the top.
Fall River

**Fall River** is the name of several places and rivers:

## Places
### Canada 
*Fall River, Nova Scotia

### United States 
*Fall River, Massachusetts
*Fall River, Kansas
*Fall River County, South Dakota
*Fall River, Wisconsin

## Rivers
### Canada 
*Fall River (Ontario)

### United States 
*Fall River (Plumas County, California), a Lake Oroville source tributary
*Fall River (Shasta County, California), a river tributary to the Pit River in Shasta County, California.
*Fall River (Clear Creek County, Colorado), a tributary of Clear Creek in Clear Creek County, Colorado.
*Fall River (Larimer County, Colorado), a tributary of the Big Thompson River in Larimer County, Colorado
*Fall River (Wyoming, Idaho), a river in Yellowstone National Park and Idaho
*Fall River (Fremont County, Idaho), a river in Fremont County, Idaho
*Fall River (Kansas), a river in Wilson County, Kansas
*Fall River (Maryland), a river in Baltimore, Maryland
*Fall River (Connecticut River tributary), a river in Franklin County, Massachusetts
*Fall River (Farmington River), a river in Berkshire County, Massachusetts
* Fall River (Middle Fork Feather River), a tributary of the Middle Fork Feather River in Butte County, California
*Fall River (Minnesota), a stream in northeastern Minnesota
*Fall River (Oregon), a tributary of the Deschutes River in central Oregon
*Fall River (South Dakota), a river in Fall River County
*Hoback River or Fall River, a river in Wyoming
It Wasn't Me

**“It Wasn’t Me** is a 2000 single by Shaggy from his fifth album *Hot Shot*. It reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100. It is a reggae song about a man who is caught cheating on his girlfriend. He asks his friend what to do, and his friend just tells him to deny everything by saying “it wasn’t me”. This obviously isn’t good advice since his girlfriend has lots of evidence against him, making the song’s story humorous.

Besides the song’s success on the charts, it is also notable for inspiring “the Shaggy defense”, a term for when someone accused of something just says it wasn’t them, like the man in the song. The term came into being when R. Kelly was involved in a sex scandal, where Kelly said he wasn’t the man in a video showing him having sex with an underage girl.

## References
Conspirators Rebellion

The **Conspirators Rebellion** goes along with the Conspiracy of Nicolas Rodriguez in Cuba during 1795. This was a revolt caused by the repression and slavery that Cuba experienced during that time. It was led by Nicolas Rodriguez and Antonio Aponte who was also leader of the November Revolution.
Bay'ah

'''Bay'ah''' in Islam is a pledge of allegiance to a Muslim leader. It was practiced by the prophet Muhammad. It is sometimes done under a written agreement by citizens as long as the leader follows the Sharia, the people have to continue to pledge allegiance to him. It is still practiced in Saudi Arabia and Sudan. In Morocco, bay'ah is only compulsory for the royal family of the country.

## References
Alahad TV

**Alahad TV** is a TV channel from Iraq created in 2010. The channel is run by a subgroup of the Popular Mobilization Forces . Their headquarters are located in Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq.

## References
Order of Merit (Portugal)

The **Order of Good Merit** (Portuguese: **Ordem do Mérito**) is a Portuguese honor given to people who do good work for the country. The President awards the medals to a person or a group for their contributions to society. It is given to both Portuguese and foreign citizens. Receivers include representatives, businesspeople, military personnel, athletes, and musicians.

## Versions 
*  Grand Cross (GCM) (*Grã-Cruz*)
*  Grand Officer (GOM) (*Grande-Oficial*)
*  Commander (ComM) (*Comendador* or *Comendadeira*)
*  Officer (OM) (*Oficial*)
*  Medal (MedM) (*Medalha*)
* Honorary Member (MHM) (*Membro Honorário*)

## Notable awardees 
## References
Stéphane Richard

**Stéphane Richard** (born 24 August 1961) is the former chairman and CEO of Orange S.A..  
He graduated from HEC Paris and the École nationale d'administration. He studied at HEC Paris and École nationale d'administration in Strasbourg. He has also worked in politics with Christine Lagarde.

## References