open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Evapotranspiration

**Evapotranspiration** is the movement of water from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration. 

Evaporation is the movement of water to the air from the ground or bodies of water (such as lakes). Transpiration is a process that happens in plants, in which water is lost through stomata in the leaves and becomes vapour in the air. Together, these form an important process in the water cycle.
Defend Your Castle

***Defend Your Castle*** is a series of video games made by XGen Studios. In the games, players have to kill enemies heading towards the player's castle before it is destroyed. There are different ways that the player can do so, such as by picking up enemies or by attacking them with weapons. Weapons can be bought with points that the player gets in levels.  Players can also use points to repair their castle or put walls around it.

The game was originally a Macromedia Flash-based browser game. Versions of the game were later released for the WiiWare service on Nintendo's Wii console and for iOS.

## References
## Other websites
* *Defend Your Castle* - Link to flash game.
Central Development Region, Nepal

**Central Development Region** ( - **Madyamānchal Bikās Kshetra**) was one of Nepal's five development regions. It was in the east-central part of the country. Its headquarters were at Hetauda.

## Geography
The Central Development Region had the Eastern Development Region to the east, the India to the south, the Western Development Region to the west and the People's Republic of China to the north.

The region was the fourth largest Development Region of Nepal. Its area was . It was first in population. There were 9,656,985 people living there in 2011. Its population density was the highest of all regions with 352.3 persons/km2.

Part of this region was in the Kathmandu Valley with an area of . It was  long from east to west, and  long from north to south.

The most important river in the Central Development Region was the Bagmati, tributary of the Kosi river. It flows through the Kathmandu Valley. It is part of the Ganges watershed. The Bagmati is considered a holy river by Hindus and Buddhists.

Other rivers of this region were Kamala, Lakhandei and Bisnumati. These three small rivers are tributaries of the Bagmati.

## Cities
The major cities of this region were Kathmandu, Patan, Bharatpur, Bhaktapur, Bhairawa, Lalitpur, Nagarkot and Janakpur. Other notable places were Khokana, Hetauda, Harisiddhi, Godavari, etc.

## Administrative subdivisions
The region had 3 zones with a total of 19 districts:

## Related pages
*Development regions of Nepal
*Districts of Nepal
*Zones of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
* Administrative Division of Nepal - Geonames
* Madhyamāñcala
* Friends of the Bagmati
* UNESCO - Kathmandu Valley
Tito Jackson

**Toriano Adaryll** "**Tito**" **Jackson** (October 15, 1953 &ndash; September 15, 2024) was an American singer and guitarist. He was the third child of Joe and Katherine Jackson. He was a member of the pop band The Jackson 5, who reformed in 2012. 

With The Jacksons he had four US number one singles. He recorded five songs for a solo album but it was never released. But in 2011 he released a single, "We Made It". He was in the 2009 TV series *The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty* with his brothers Jermaine, Jackie, Marlon and Michael.

## Personal life
Jackson was born at St Mary’s Mercy Hospital in Gary, Indiana. His father Joe Jackson bought him a guitar when he was 8 years old. 

He had three sons, Taryll, TJ, and Taj. They make up the pop band 3T. 

## Career
His father made Tito and his brothers Jackie and Jermaine into a group called The Jackson Brothers. Later Marlon and Michael joined. The group's name was changed to The Jackson 5. They were signed to Steeltown Records. The label released the group's first single "Big Boy". They were signed to Motown Records in 1968. Their first single on the label, "I Want You Back", reached number one in the United States. The band went on to sell 150 million records.

## Death
On September 15, 2024, Jackson died of a heart attack in Gallup, New Mexico while driving to Oklahoma, one month before his 71st birthday.

## References
Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh

**Castlereagh** (born in Dublin; 1769–1822) was a British politician. He became a Viscount when his father was made Earl of Londonderry. He became British Foreign Secretary but killed himself.

## Other websites
*Castlereagh  at Westminster Abbey website
Star Fox 2

***Star Fox 2*** is a video game that was developed by Nintendo and Argonaut Software. It was completed in 1995 but was not released until 2017 on the Super NES Classic Edition.

The game was originally going to be released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). It was going to be the second game in the *Star Fox* series and the sequel to *Star Fox*. It was going to be released in the summer of 1995. The game was cancelled because the Nintendo 64 was going to be released the following year.

After it was cancelled, unfinished versions of the game was found and put on the internet. In 2017, the game was finally released for the Super NES Classic Edition. 

## Gameplay
The gameplay of *Star Fox* is very different from the first *Star Fox* game. Instead of going on a path with the same missions each time, the player moves freely on a map screen of the Lylat system. When the player's ships hit an enemy, the screen switches to an action screen with gameplay like the first *Star Fox* game. Once the player completes what they have to do, they are taken back to the map screen to go to another area.

The player's goal is to destroy all of the enemies on the map while defending Corneria (seen in the lower left corner of the map). The player has to stop Corneria's damage level from reaching 100% from enemy attacks. 

## References
Bambi Meets Godzilla

***Bambi Meets Godzilla*** is a two-minute short cartoon which is known as ***Godzilla Meets Bambi*** who is created by Marv Newland in 1969. It features the characters Bambi and Godzilla. It is ranked as #38 in the book *The 50 Greatest Cartoons*, written in 1994.

Two sequels were later made that were not created by Newland: *Son of Bambi Meets Godzilla* and ''Bambi's Revenge*.

## Plot
In the opening credits, Bambi is seen grazing while *Call to the Dairy Cows'' from Gioachino Rossini's opera *William Tell* (1829) plays in the background. After the credits, Bambi looks up to see Godzilla's foot coming down on him, crushing him (set to "A Day in the Life" by The Beatles). After this, the closing credits play over an image of Godzilla's foot.

## References
## Other websites
*
Mike Veisor

**Michael David "Worm" Veisor, Sr.** (born August 25, 1952) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender.

## Career
He was drafted with the 45th overall pick in the 1972 NHL draft by the Chicago Black Hawks. He played 62 games during his 6 six years with the Black Hawks and then played for the Hartford Whalers. He played 3 seasons with the Whalers and went on to play for the Winnipeg Jets. His time with the Jets was shorts and he only played 8 games with them. He then returned to the Whalers and played 4 games for them before retiring in 1984.

## Personal life
Veisor is Jewish. He said that he wanted to be the first Jewish goalie in NHL history but he was preceded by Ross Brooks.

His son, Michael David Veisor, Jr., was drafted in the 12th round of the 1991 NHL Entry Draft by the St. Louis Blues but he never played in the NHL.

He is currently the rink manager of Avon Old Farms School in Avon, Connecticut.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Western Development Region, Nepal

**Western Development Region** ( - **Pashchimānchal Bikās Kshetra**) was one of Nepal's five development regions. It was in the west-central part of the country. Its headquarters were at Pokhara.

## Geography
The Western Development Region had the Central Development Region to the east, the India to the south, the Mid-Western Development Region to the west and the People's Republic of China to the north.

The region was the second largest Development Region of Nepal. Its area was . It was the third in population with 4,926,765 people living there in 2011. Its population density is of 167.6 persons/km2.

Some of the highest mountains of the world were found in this region, in the Himalayas of the Dhawalagiri and Gandaki zones. Among them are Dhaulagiri (), Manaslu () and Annapurna ().

The most important river in the Western Development Region is the Gandaki, left tributary of the Ganges river.

## Cities
Some cities of this region were Pokhara, Baglung, Butwall, Sandhikharka, Tansen, Tilaurakot, etc.

## Administrative subdivisions
The region had 3 zones with a total of 16 districts:

## Related pages
*Development Regions of Nepal
*Districts of Nepal
*Zones of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
* Administrative Division of Nepal - Geonames
* Paścimāñcala
Matt Underhill

**Matthew Joseph Underhill** (born September 16, 1979 in Campbell River, British Columbia) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.

## Career
Before playing hockey professionally, Underhill played in college for Cornell University for 4 years. He was drafted with the 170th overall pick in the 1999 NHL draft by the Calgary Flames. Even though he was drafted by the Flames, he did not play a game for them. The only game the Underhill played in the NHL was during the 2003–04 NHL season for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He spent most of his playing career in the AHL and ECHL. He won the ECAC’s Ken Dryden Award in 2002. He played 18 games in the AHL for the Providence Bruins, Manchester Monarchs, Norfolk Admirals and St. John's Maple Leafs. In the ECHL, he played 4 seasons with the Pee Dee Pride, Florence Pride, Mississippi Sea Wolves and Alaska Aces. He retired in 2006 after his season with the Aces.

He was inducted into the Cornell Athletic Hall of Fame on November 3rd, 2012.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Star Fox Command

***Star Fox Command*** is a video game for the Nintendo DS game console. It is the fifth game in the *Star Fox* series. It was developed by Q-Games and published by Nintendo EAD Group No. 2. It was released in Europe on July 19, 2006, in Japan on August 3, 2006, in North America on August 28, 2006,  and in Australia on September 21, 2006. It is the first *Star Fox* game to be released on a handheld video game console. It is also the first *Star Fox* game to have online play with the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection.

## Gameplay
The game features two types of gameplay: a map mode, and a battle mode. In the map mode, the player takes control of several ships. The player can control up to four ships at a time. The player's goal is to stop enemy ships from reaching the *Great Fox*. When the player meets an enemy or missile, the gameplay switches to the battle mode.

Battle mode has gameplay that is similar to past *Star Fox* games. The player can move freely around the level, like some bosses and levels in *Star Fox 64*. The player has to destroy a base ship, defeat all of the enemies, or collect a number of cores. Once the player completes what they have to do, the game goes back to the map screen. As the player plays further in the game, they will be able to take different routes when they complete some levels. Each route has different planets that the player can visit depending on what route they choose.

### Multiplayer
Multiplayer can be played with up to six players in DS Download Play, and with up to three players in Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection play. The goal is to destroy the ships of the other players and collect stars that they leave behind. Players can collect stars from opponents that were not killed by the player. Nintendo Wi-Fi play ranks a player from Z to A, with Z being the lowest and A being the highest. Every time a player wins a match, they get an amount of percent. When the player reaches 100%, they move to the next letter.

## References
The Narrative (band)

**The Narrative** is an American indie rock band formed in 2006 in Long Island, New York . At first there were 3 members, Suzie Zeldin, Jesse Gabriel and Charilie Seich. Now there are 2 members, Suzie Zeldin (vocals and keys) and Jesse Gabriel (vocal and guitar). They are related to Lydia and Dashboard Confessional. They have released one studio album: *The Narrative* and 4 EPs: *Just Say Yes*, *Nothing Without You*, *Kickstarter* and *B-Sides and Seasides*.

## Biography
The band was formed in 2006 in Long Island, after Suzie Zeldin answer the announce of Jesse Gabriel on Craigslist, looking for musicians. Jesse and Suzie studied at the same school in Bellmore, but never met.

## Member
### Current Member
*Jesse Gabriel - Guitar and Vocals
*Suzie Zeldin - Keys and Vocals
### Tour Support
*Jay Scalchunes - Drum
*Ari Sadowitz - Studio/live bass

### Past Member
*Charles J. Seich - Drums (2008-2011)

## Discography
**The Narrative* (2010)
### EPs and Digital Release
**Just Say Yes* (EP) (2008)
**Nothing Without You* Tour EP (2010)
**Kickstarter* Tour EP (2011)
**B-Sides and Seasides* (2012)

## References
Rob Tallas

**Robert Wayne "Robbie" Tallas** (born March 20, 1973 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.

## Career
Before he played in the NHL, he played 2 seasons in the Western Hockey League (WHL) with the Seattle Thunderbirds. He played a total of 99 games in the NHL with the Boston Bruins and Chicago Blackhawks. He retired from professional hockey in 2005.

In August 2009, he was hired as the goaltending consultant for the Florida Panthers. He came out of retirement for one game during the 2012-2013 NHL season as a back up goalie for the Florida Panthers.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Social drinking

showing the interior of a tavern]]
 shows what social drinking might look like.]]

**Social drinking** is the name for the consumption of alcoholic drinks in a social setting; people who are social drinkers do this with friends. Many cultures frown upon isolating people because they drink alcohol, and because they may have a problem with alcohol dependence. People meet to celebrate an occasion, which also permits them to drink alcohol without being frowned upon.
Bob McDonnell

**Robert Francis "Bob" McDonnell** (born June 15, 1954) is an American politician. He was the 71st Governor of Virginia from 2010 to 2014. He was on the executive committee of the Republican Governors Association. He succeeded Rick Perry of Texas.

McDonnell was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1993 to 2006. McDonnell was the Attorney General of Virginia from 2006 to 2009.

## Personal life
McDonnell was born on June 15, 1954 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at Notre Dame University, at Boston University, and at Regent University. McDonnell is married to Maureen Gardner. They have five children.

## Corruption charges
On January 21, 2014, McDonnell and his wife, Maureen, were accused on federal corruption charges.  They were convicted of most charges by a federal jury on September 4, 2014.  McDonnell is the first Virginia governor to be indicted – and the first Virginia governor to be convicted of a felony. McDonnell was sentenced on January 6, 2015 to two years in prison, followed by two years of supervised release.

## Sources
## Other websites
*Governor Bob McDonnell *official state site*
*
Jimmy Waite

**James Dean Waite** (born April 15, 1969 in Sherbrooke, Quebec) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.

He was drafted with the 8th overall pick in the 1987 NHL draft by the Chicago Blackhawks. In 1989, he played for the Indianapolis Ice and they won the Turner Cup. He played in the NHL for 11 years with the Chicago Blackhawks, San Jose Sharks and Phoenix Coyotes. He has also played in the DEL for the Essen Mosquitoes, Iserlohn Roosters, ERC Ingolstadt and Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers.

## Other websites 
*
Jocelyn Thibault

**Joseph Régis Jocelyn Thibault** (born January 12, 1975) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Thibault played 2 seasons with both the Trois-Rivières Draveurs and Sherbrooke Faucons of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League.

He was drafted with the 10th overall pick in the 1993 NHL draft by the Quebec Nordiques. He played two seasons with the Nordiques and then one season with the Colorado Avalanche when the Nordiques moved to Colorado. In 1995, he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens with Martin Ručínský, and Andrei Kovalenko in exchange for Patrick Roy and Mike Keane. The trade was known as known in French as 'Le Trade' which was in reference to 1988's 'The Trade' of Wayne Gretzky. He played 4 seasons with the Canadiens and was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks on November 16, 1998. He played with the Blackhawks for 5 seasons and then was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins for a fourth-round selection in 2006 draft on August 10, 2005. He injured his hip and lost twelve of thirteen starts. He was replaced as the starter by Marc-André Fleury in late November and was then put on waivers. The Buffalo Sabres signed Thibault as an unrestricted free agent on July 5, 2007 and he played as the backup to Ryan Miller for one season. He was not re-signed afted the season and retired from professional hockey in 2008.

He was the winning goaltender of the last game at the Montreal Forum, Maple Leaf Gardens and the Capital Centre.

## Personal life
He is married and has three daughters Noemie, Zoe and Annabel who all play hockey. Thibault and his family live in Sherbrooke, Quebec.

He helped bring an expansion team in the QMJHL to Sherbrooke. The Sherbrooke Phoenix started playing during the 2012–13 season.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Doug Stevenson

**Douglas Leonard Stevenson** (April 6, 1924 – November 9, 1975) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender.

Stevenson played eight games in the NHL; 4 games with the New York Rangers and 4 games with the Chicago Blackhawks. Stevenson played most of his hockey career in the Pacific Coast Hockey League with the Tacoma Rockets. He died on November 9, 1975 in Massachusetts.

## Other websites 
*
Bruce McGill

**Bruce Travis McGill** (born July 11, 1950) is an American actor who has an extensive list of credits in film and television.  He is perhaps best known for his role as Jack Dalton on the television series *MacGyver* and as Daniel Simpson "D-Day" Day in  ''National Lampoon's Animal House''.

McGill was born on July 11, 1950 in San Antonio, Texas. He studied at the University of Texas at Austin. McGill has been married to Gloria Lee.

## References
## Other websites
*
Arianna Huffington

**Arianna Stassinopoulos Huffington** (born **Ariadnē-Anna Stasinopoúlou**,  ; on July 15, 1950) is a Greek-American author and syndicated columnist. She is best known for her news website *The Huffington Post*. She was a one-time liberal democrat. She later became a  popular conservative commentator in the mid-1990s, after which she adopted liberal political beliefs in the late 1990s. She is the former spouse of former Republican congressman Michael Huffington.

## Political career 
In 2003, she ran as an independent candidate for Governor in the California recall election.

## Personal life 
Huffington was born **Ariánna Stasinopoúlou** in Athens, Greece on July 15, 1950. She studied economics at Girton College, Cambridge. Huffington was married to Michael Huffington from 1986 until they divorced in 1997. She became an American citizen in 1990.

## References
## Other websites
* 

* Column archive at *The Huffington Post*
* Column archive  at *AlterNet*
* 
* Campaign contributions made by Arianna Huffington
Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument

The **Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument** is a World Heritage site.  It is often called **Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument**. The site covers  of ocean waters that includes ten islands and atolls.  The size is larger than the country of Greece.

The area was made a national monument by U.S. President George W. Bush on June 15, 2006. It became a World Heritage site on July 30, 2010. 

Papahānaumokuākea supports 7,000 species.  One quarter of the species are endemic.

## References
## Other websites
* UNESCO: World Heritage Site profile: Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
* USFWS: Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge 
* USFWS: Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge
Tom Foley

**Thomas Stephen "Tom" Foley** (March 6, 1929 – October 18, 2013) was an American lawyer and politician from the state of Washington. He served as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives under George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton.

## Early life
Foley was born in Spokane, Washington. In 1946, he graduated from the Jesuit-run Gonzaga Preparatory School in Spokane.
 He went on to attend Gonzaga University in Spokane and the University of Washington in Seattle, the latter awarding him a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1951. In 1957, he earned a law degree from the same university.

## Career
He was the 57th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1989 to 1995. He represented Washington's 5th congressional district for 30 years as a Democratic member from 1965 to 1995.

Foley was the first Speaker of the House since 1862 to be defeated in a re-election campaign for Congress. He served as the United States Ambassador to Japan from 1997 to 2001 under Bill Clinton.

He is sometimes viewed as a political casualty of the term limits controversy of the early 1990s. President Bill Clinton attributed his defeat to his support for the Assault Weapons Ban of 1994.

## Personal life
Foley was married to Heather Strachan until his death in 2013.

In 1997, Foley was appointed as the 25th U.S. Ambassador to Japan by President Bill Clinton. He served as ambassador until 2001.

Foley was a Washington delegate to the 2000 Democratic National Convention.

On July 9, 2003, Washington Governor Gary Locke awarded the Washington Medal of Merit, the state's highest honor, to Foley.

He was North American Chairman of the Trilateral Commission.

### Death
Foley died at his home in Washington, D.C. on October 18, 2013, following months of hospice care from complications from a stroke, aged 84. Speaker John Boehner, and Nancy Pelosi, who also served as Speaker, issued statements honoring Foley.

## References
Ed Lauter

**Edward Matthew "Ed" Lauter II** (October 30, 1938 – October 16, 2013), known as **Ed Lauter**, was an American actor and stand-up comedian. He was known for his roles in *Family Plot*, *Cujo*, *Death Wish III*, *Born on the Fourth of July*, *Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby*, *The Number 23*, and in *Trouble with the Curve*.

Lauter was born on October 30, 1938 in Long Beach, New York. He studied at Long Island University. Lauter was married four times. His last marriage was to Marchell Doreen Williams from 2005 until his death in 2013. He had four children. Lauter died on October 16, 2013 in Los Angeles, California from mesothelioma, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
Catherine Palace

The **Catherine Palace** is a former Russian residence of the 
Russian Imperial family.  It is in the town of Pushkin, Saint Petersburg. 

The Palace's town was called Tsarskoye Selo which means Tsar's village in English.  In 1918 the Bolsheviks changed the name to Detskoye Selo. In 1937 the town was renamed to Pushkin to honor Alexander Pushkin. 

## History 
Catherine I of Russia began the building of the palace in 1717. She hired the German architect Johann-Friedrich Braunstein to create the summer palace. In 1733, Empress Anna added to the palace.  Then in 1752 Empress Elizabeth had the palace torn down.  It was rebuilt in a Rococo style.  More than 100 kilograms of gold were used.  Many statues on the roof were covered in gold. 

Catherine the Great thought the palace was old-fashioned.  She employed Scottish architect Charles Cameron.  He made one wing into the Neo-Palladian style.  He also changed the personal apartments of the Empress.

After Catherine's death the imperial family began using Pavlovsk Palace and Alexander Palace.  The palace was destroyed during World War II.  Restoration began soon after the German forces left. Now the palace is mostly restored and is open for tours.

## Other websites
Hans Riegel

**Johannes Peter** "**Hans**" **Riegel** (10 March 1923 &ndash; 15 October 2013) was a German entrepreneur, who owned candy company Haribo.

## Biography 
Riegel was born on 10 March 1923 in Bonn, Germany. He was the oldest son of the company's founder Hans Riegel Sr., who invented the gummy bear in 1922. 

In 1945, after his father died, he took over the business with his brother. He came up with new ideas by reading comic books and watching children's films. 

## References
## Other websites
*Haribo corporate website
Würstelstand

museum]]
The **Würstelstand** ("sausage stand") is the Austrian type of the take-away. These stands are very common in Vienna. Usually, they sell different kinds of sausages. It is not unusual for the people in Vienna to grab a pair of sausages after a performance at a theatre or opera house. In addition, a Würstelstand traditionally also sells Leberkäse. As a side dish, different chile peppers, gherkins and other pickled vegetables are available.
Jan Steen

showing Steen as a lute player]]
**Jan Havickszoon Steen** (born c. 1626 in Leiden, buried 3 February 1679, also in Leiden) was a Dutch painter. He is mostly known for his genre paintings today. He lived during the Dutch Golden Age period.
Respiratory failure

**Respiratory failure** is a medical condition which affects respiration. It means the alveoli in the lung are not getting enough oxygen. Because of this, gas exchange in the blood is reduced. Respiratory failure will lead to a person's death. For this reason, it is a medical emergency. Emergency treatment of respiratory failure is very similar to that of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

## Classification
Respiratory failure has been classified by its cause:
* In obstructive respiratory failure, there is a mechanical problem that blocks or tightens the passage of the air. Examples of conditions that can produce this include Asthma and Cystic fibrosis. 
* In restrictive respiratory failure, the volume of the person's rib cage is reduced. An example for this is Scoliosis.
* In traumatic respiratory failure, the air that is breathed takes the wrong route. Examples are Pneumothorax and Hemothorax.
Also, respiratory failure can be classified by the speed at which it happens:
* Chronic respiratory failure develops at slow speed over time.
* Acute respiratory failure develops rapidly
Battle of Vimy Ridge

The **Battle of Vimy Ridge** was a World War I battle fought in 1917 near Arras in northern France. From the fall of 1914 until 1917 the German army held this eight kilometre-long ridge. From there they could see the Allied trenches for miles in all directions. Several times the Allies tried to take it from the Germans without success. Four divisions of the Canadian Corps attacked nineteen divisions of the German 6th Army defending the ridge. The Battle was won by the Canadians on Easter Monday, 1917. It was the first time that Canadians had attacked as a national unit. However it cost the Canadians 10,602 casualties.

## References
Prayer in Christianity

**Prayer in Christianity** is seen by most Christians as a way of communication with God. Prayer is seen as being therapeutic by many Christian leaders. Charismatic and Pentecostal Christians also pray in tongues. They believe that the Holy Spirit is praying through them. 

The Lord's Prayer, which Jesus taught his disciples, was important as an example in the early churches. The prayers in the Old Testament and New Testament have also influenced Christian thought. Many of the Psalms in the Bible are said to God and so are prayers. Many Christians also try to listen to God when praying. They believe that God speaks to them through the Bible, but also directly when they are willing to receive His messages. Many hymns are directed to God so are also prayers. 

The Lord's Prayer is included together with other formal prayers, such as the Gloria Patri and the Hail Mary, in the Holy Rosary while thinking about important events in the lives of Jesus and Mary. The Roman Catholic Church has always recognized the efficacy of the Holy Rosary devotion.Pope John Paul II, *Rosarium virginis Mariae*, 16 October 2002, Libreria Editrice Vaticana The Saint Lucia of Fatima said that Virgin Mary "in these last times in which we live has given new efficacy in the recitation of the Holy Rosary" and that " She has given this efficacy to such an extent that there is no problem, no matter how difficult it is, whether temporal or above all spiritual, in the personal life of each one of us, of our families … that cannot be solved by the Rosary". 

## References
## Other websites
*Prayers  at christianity.about.com
Oarfish

found near San Diego, California in 1996. It is being held by United States soldiers.]]
An **oarfish** is a kind of very long, flat fish. "Oarfish" is another word for fish in the **Regalecidae** family. There are four species of oarfish in the world. The giant oarfish (*Regalecus glesne*) is the longest bony fish alive in the world today. It can grow up to  long.

Oarfish live in the pelagic zone. The family name *Regalecidae* comes from a word in , which means "".

## Sources
Naked Cowboy

**Robert John Burck** (born December 23, 1970), better known as the **Naked Cowboy**, is an American street performer who performs in Times Square in New York City. He wears only cowboy boots, a hat, and underwear, playing a guitar over his underwear to look like he is nude. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Burck began performing in 1997 in Venice Beach, Los Angeles. He became popular when a friend suggested that he dress only in his underwear to earn more money. He is currently best-known for performing in Times Square. Tour guides on passing buses point him out, and he gets a lot of attention from tourists who stop and take pictures with him.

Because of his popularity, Burck has appeared on television shows, in music videos, and other mass media. He tried out for *American Idol* in its first season, but did not move on to the next round. He also tried out for *Australian Idol* and *Star Search*, with the same result.

On October 6, 2010, Burck announced that he was running for President of the United States in the 2012 U.S. presidential election, representing the Tea Party movement.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*Rock music page 
*
Mid-Western Development Region, Nepal

**Mid-Western Development Region** ( - **Madhya Pashchimānchal Bikās Kshetra**) was one of Nepal's five development regions. It was in the west-central part of the country. Its headquarters were at Birendranagar, Surkhet.

## Geography
The Mid-Western Development Region had the Western Development Region to the east, Uttar Pradesh (India) to the south, the Far-Western Development Region to the west and the Tibet Autonomous Region (People's Republic of China) to the north.

It was the largest Development Region of Nepal with an area of . It was the fourth in population with 3,546,682 people living there in 2011. Its population density was the lowest of all the regions, with 83.7 persons/km2.

The most important river in the Mid-Western Development Region was the **Karnali** or *Kauriala*, known as **Ghaghara** in India. It is an important left tributary of the Ganges river.  Its length in Nepal is , the largest river of the country.

Some of the tributaries of the Karnali are the Humla Karnali , west Rapti, Tila karnali, Bheri

The biggest lake of Nepal, Lake Rara, was in this region, in the Mugu district of the Karnali Zone.

## Cities
Some cities of this region were Birendranagar, Chinchu, Babiyachour, Tribhuvannagar (Ghorahi), Nepalgunj, and Tulsipur.

## Administrative subdivisions
The region had 3 Zones with a total of 15 Districts:

## References
## Related pages
*Development regions of Nepal
*Districts of Nepal
*Zones of Nepal

## Other websites
* Administrative Division of Nepal - Geonames
* Madhya Paścimāñcala
Fable (video game)

***Fable*** is a role-playing game made by Big Blue Box and Lionhead Studios for the Xbox, Windows and Mac OS X. The game was released on September 14, 2004 in North America and an extended version of the game called *Fable: The Lost Chapters*, was released for Xbox and Microsoft Windows in September 2005.

Fable was originally called Project Ego in early development and took around four years to create, with a team of around 70 developers working on it. The theme music for Fable was composed by Danny Elfman. The game won over fifty awards and was the Xbox's fastest-selling game at that time.

## Gameplay
In the game, the player controls the main character, The Hero of Oakvale. The player can interact with people and can battle foes. To further the game's plot, the player must complete missions known as quests and can also complete side quests.

The player can choose to either be good or evil. Completing good deeds will award the character good points and will produce a positive alignment and committing evil acts will add evil points and produce a negative alignment. The character's appearance will also change if the player makes the character's alignment strong enough. If the character has a strong enough positive alignment, a halo will appear above the character's head and if the character has a strong enough negative alignment, a red haze will rise from around his legs, he will draw flies, and will have glowing red eyes and horns.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
Bill Young

**Charles William "Bill" Young** (December 16, 1930 &ndash; October 18, 2013) was the U.S. Representative for , serving in Congress since 1971.

## Early life
Young was born in Harmarville, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, on December 16, 1930. Young dropped out of St. Petersburg High School to support his ill mother

## Career
He was a member of the Republican Party, and was at the time of his death the longest-serving Republican member of Congress. He served as chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations from 1999 to 2005 and sat on the Committee until his death.

Young served as a member of the Florida Constitution Revision Commission from 1965 to 1967.  He was also a Florida delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1968, 1972, 1976, and 1984.

## Health
On October 17, 2013, Young's family told the *Tampa Bay Times* that Young was continuing medical treatment at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center but his "condition turned for the worse overnight and he is gravely ill. Earlier that day, several news sources erroneously reported that Young had died.

### Death
On October 18, 2013, Young died at Walter Reed in Bethesda, Maryland from multiple myeloma. He had been hospitalized for almost two weeks with back problems that resulted from injuries he sustained in a small plane crash in 1970. He was 82 and is survived by his wife and five children.

## References
## Other websites
*Congressman C.W. Bill Young  official U.S. House site
*Bill Young for Congress 
*C.W. Bill Young Department of Defense Marrow Donor Program DoD Bone Marrow Donor website
Zombie walk

A **zombie walk** is a trek made by people costumed as zombies. These people may also act as starving zombies. They pretend to be looking for human brains to eat. Some people create characters for themselves such as zombie brides, clowns, or mad scientists.

These walks are community events. They are sometimes held near Halloween. There are day walks and night walks. People of all ages join the walk. Sometimes professional make up artists help walkers prepare their faces. Variants on the walk format include zombie pub crawls and zombie runs. 

A walk might be held to raise money for a community concern such as local hunger. Sometimes walkers bring packaged and canned foods for the local food bank.  Zombie Walks are held around the world. They may attract thousands of zombie walkers. 

In October 2013, the annual New Jersey Zombie Walk had the largest crowd of zombies ever at 9,592. This crowd walked along the Asbury Park boardwalk. This Zombie Walk is in the Guiness World Record.

## References
Adagio for Strings

in 1944]]
***Adagio for Strings*** is a work by Samuel Barber. It is his most well known work. It was made for string orchestra from the second movement of his String Quartet, Op. 11. Barber finished the *Adagio for Strings* in 1936. It was the same year that he wrote the quartet. It was conducted by Leonard Bernstein.

It was performed for the first time in 1938, in a radio broadcast from a New York City studio. It was attended by an invited audience, conducted by Arturo Toscanini. Toscanini also took the piece on tour to Europe and South America. 

Its reviews was generally positive, with Alexander J. Morin writing that *Adagio for Strings* is "full of pathos and cathartic passion" and that it "rarely leaves a dry eye." The music is the setting for Barber's 1967 choral arrangement of *Agnus Dei*. *Adagio for Strings* can be heard in many TV shows and movies.

In 2004, listeners of the BBC's *Today* programme voted Adagio for Strings the “saddest classical” work ever.

## References
## Other websites
* Sample from the BBC
* NPR 100: Barber's *Adagio*
* The Impact Of Barber's *Adagio* by *All Things Considered*
* Special on the selection of the 1938 broadcast debut of *Adagio for Strings* to the 2005 National Recording Registry
Integron

An **integron** is a type of transposon, a mobile genetic element. It is a two-part genetic system found in bacteria, and maybe more widely. It is the way antibiotic resistance is passed on so rapidly. It is found in plasmids and chromosomes. Although the first function discovered was antibiotic resistance, other bacterial functions (traits) can be transferred by integrons.

Transposons are the gene "capture and expression elements" which put  the small mobile elements known as **gene cassettes** in place and make them work. Usually,
each cassette has only a single gene and a specific
recombination site. The cassettes carry the DNA coding (= 'a gene') for antibiotic resistance (for example). Typically, the DNA would code for an enzyme which cleaves (cuts) the antibiotic molecule up.

The first part of an integron is a gene which codes for an enzyme which captures cassettes. The second is a site on the genome where the cassettes are inserted, and a promoter which drives expression of cassette-associated genes. "Integron" describes such structures both when no cassettes are present and when there are integrated cassettes. Cassettes can be inserted at the site, they can be cut out, and they can undergo horizontal gene transfer.

## References 
## Further reading 
*Hall R.M. 2002. Integrons. In * Encyclopedia of Genetics*, S. Brenner & J.H. Miller (eds), vol 2. London: Academic Press.
*Hall R.M. 2002. Gene cassettes and integrons; moving single genes. In *Horizontal Gene Transfer*, pp. 19–28. M. Syvanan & C. Kado (eds). London: Harcourt.
*
Sea

in the Gulf of Catalina]]

A **sea** is a large body of salt water. It may be an ocean, or may be a large saltwater lake which like the Caspian Sea, lacks a natural outlet.

## Characteristics 
### Seawater 
Seawater is salty. The open ocean has about  solids per litre, a salinity of 35 part per thousand. The Mediterranean Sea is a little higher at 37part per thousand and the Dead Sea has as much as  dissolved solids per litre. Sodium chloride is the main salt present, making up about 85% of the solids in solution. There are also  per litre of the chlorides of other metals such as potassium and magnesium and  of sulphates, carbonates, bromides and other salts. A kilogram (2.2 lb) of salt can be found in 28 litres or one cubic foot of typical ocean water. Despite differences in the levels of salinity in different seas, the relative composition of the dissolved salts is very stable throughout the world's oceans.

#### Temperature 
The temperature of the sea depends on the amount of sunlight falling on the surface. In the tropics, with the sun nearly overhead, the temperature of the surface layers can rise to over . Near the poles the temperature in balance with the sea ice is about . Cold water is denser than warm water and tends to sink.  There is a continuous circulation of water in the oceans. Warm surface currents cool as they move away from the tropics, the water becomes denser and sinks. The cold water moves back towards the equator as a deep sea current, driven by changes in the temperature and  density of the water, eventually welling up again towards the surface. Deep sea water has a temperature between  and  in all parts of the globe. This is likely to have profound effects on certain planktonic marine organisms because their ability to form shells will be reduced. These include single-celled algae called coccolithophorids and foraminifera. These are important parts of the food chain. Reducing their numbers will have significant results. In tropical areas, corals will be affected by a lack of calcium, with knock-on effects for other reef residents.

### Waves 
Wind blowing over the surface of a body of water forms waves. The friction between air and water caused by a gentle breeze on a pond causes ripples to form. A strong blow over the ocean causes larger waves as the moving air pushes against the raised ridges of water. The waves reach their greatest height when the rate at which they travel nearly matches the speed of the wind. The waves form at right angles to the direction from which the wind blows. In open water, if the wind continues to blow, as happens in the Roaring Forties in the southern hemisphere, long, organized masses of water called swell roll across the ocean.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration   
*Ocean and sea
Pointless (game show)

***Pointless*** is a British quiz show on BBC One. Who gets the answer that was the said the least gains the point. The team with the highest number of points loses. It is presented by Alexander Armstrong and formely Richard Osman, and is now presented by a rotating line-up of Celebrity co-host. It also has 34 series and many episodes. In each game there are four teams of two.

## Other websites 
*
Christian Soucy

**Christian Soucy** (born September 14, 1970 in Gatineau, Quebec) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.

## Career
Before he played in the NHL, he played 2 years at the University of Vermont where he is ranked as the third all-time in save percentage (.908) and fifth all-time in goals against average (2.99). He only appeared in three minutes of one NHL game with the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1993–94 NHL season. During that time, he did not face a shot and in doing this he was rendered as the NHL's comparable version to Major League Baseball's legendary Moonlight Graham. He played most of his 10-year career in various minor leagues, which includes the International Hockey League, American Hockey League, East Coast Hockey League, and Central Hockey League as well as others.

## Other websites 
*
Samuel Barber

**Samuel Osmond Barber II** (March 9, 1910 &ndash; January 23, 1981) was an American composer of orchestral, opera, choral, and piano music. Barber is well-known because of his 1936 work *Adagio for Strings*. It received positive reviews. Barber won two Pulitzer Prizes for his works. He lived with Gian Carlo Menotti for 30 years. He is buried in West Chester, Pennsylvania.

## References
## Other websites
* Heyman, Barbara B (1992). Samuel Barber: The Composer and His Music. New York: Oxford University Press. 
* Wittke, Paul. Samuel Barber . G. Schirmer Inc.
* Brévignon, Pierre. 2011. Samuel Barber, un nostalgique entre deux mondes.  Paris: Editions Hermann. .
* Samuel Osborne Barber . IHAS. PBS.
* Smith, Patricia. Barber, Samuel . glbtq.com
12 Years a Slave (movie)

***12 Years a Slave*** is a 2013 British-American historical biographical drama movie based on the book *12 Years a Slave*. It is directed by Steve McQueen. It stars Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Giamatti, and Brad Pitt. The movie’s musical score was composed by Hans Zimmer. It was released on November 1, 2013 in the United States. 

The film was first shown at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2013. It will be released in the UK in January 2014.

On October 20 2013 McQueen won Hollywood Breakout Director Award at the Hollywood Film Awards for the film. On November 14 he won Bronze Horse for Best Film - Special Mention at the Stockholm International Film Festival.

Movie critics gave the film good reviews.

Rolling Stone, Entertainment Weekly, Washington Post, and The New York Times called *12 Years a Slave* the best movie of 2013. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
*
World War Z (movie)

***World War Z*** is a 2013 action-thriller movie. It was based on the book of the same name. It stars Brad Pitt and Matthew Fox. It was about a former United Nations investigator who must travel the world to find a way to stop a zombie-like pandemic. It was released to positive reviews on June 21, 2013.

## Reference
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

***Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom*** is a 2013 British biographical movie based on the life of Nelson Mandela. It is based on Mandela's autobiography *Long Walk to Freedom* (1994). It stars Idris Elba and Naomie Harris. It was released on November 29, 2013 to mixed reviews. Nearly a week later, Mandela died on December 5.

## Soundtrack
U2 made a song for the soundtrack called "Ordinary Love". The song won the prize for Best Original Song – Motion Picture at the Golden Globes.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom  at the ComingSoon.net
Lake Rara

**Rara Lake** () is the biggest natural lake of Nepal. It is in Rara Village Development Committee, Mugu District, Karnali Zone in the Mid-Western region.

The lake has a slightly oval shape and is entirely in the Rara National Park, about  north-west of the capital, Kathmandu.

## Features
Lake Rara is at an altitude of  above sea level covering an area of . The lake has a length of  and a width of  with a maximum depth of . It flows into the Karnali river via the Nijar river (Nijar Khola).

The lake was classified as oligotrophic (an environment that offers little to sustain life) in limnological terms, meaning that is very slightly polluted.

## Animal life
In the Lake Rara there are three endemic fish species (*Schizothorax macrophthalmus*, *S. nepalensis* and *S. raraensis*), and one endemic frog (*Paa rarica*).

Many waterfowl spend the winter months in Lake Rara; some of them are gadwall, mallard, northern shoveler, Eurasian teal, tufted duck, common goldeneye, goosander, Eurasian coot and solitary snipe.

## References
## Other websites
*Rara lake, West-Nepal
*Trek to Rara Laka - Details and Photo Feature
Effigy

An **effigy** is a representation of a specific person, especially in the form of sculpture or some other three-dimensional medium.  Effigies are common elements in art of the dead. They are usually made of stone or metal and placed on a tomb.

## References
Subject

**Subject** ( "lying beneath") may refer to:

## Education 
* Subject (school), a course of academic instruction

## Library and information science 
* Subject (documents) (subject classification; subject indexing; subject searching)
* Subject term or index term, descriptor of a document used in bibliographic records

## Philosophy 
*Subject (philosophy), a being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity
*Subject–object problem, the issue of how actors or observers relate to things that are observed or acted upon

## Linguistics 
* In general, any topic currently under consideration; see subject (school)
* Subject (grammar), who or what a sentence or a clause is about
* Subject case or nominative case, one of the grammatical cases for a noun

## Computing 
* Subjects (programming), core elements in the subject-oriented programming paradigm

## Music 
* The melodic material presented first in a fugue
* Either of the two main groups of themes (first subject, second subject) in sonata form

## People 
A subject is an individual subjected to the rule by an elite, see feudalism
*subjects in medieval feudalism, see commoners
*subjects in modern constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom, see British subject

## Statistics and psychology 
* A subject is someone or something that undergoes testing in a scientific experiment.