open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Murder of Victoria Climbié

**Adjo Victoria Climbié** (November 2, 1991 - February 25, 2000), better known as **Anna Climbié** or **Victoria Climbié** was born in Abobo near Abidjan in the Ivory Coast, and when she was aged seven she was sent by her parents to Europe with her great-aunt **Marie Thérèse Kouao** for a chance for an education. They travelled first to France, and then to England. In London, Kouao met bus-driver **Carl Manning**, and she and Victoria moved into his flat in Tottenham in July 1999. Here, Victoria was abused by both Kouao and Manning. She was admitted to casualty on February 24, 2000, unconscious and suffering from hypothermia; she died the next day. The Home Office pathologist noted 128 separate injuries and scars on her body. 

Marie Thérèse Kouao and Carl Manning were charged with child cruelty and murder. During police interviews, both claimed that Victoria was possessed. Their trial ran from November 2000 to January 12, 2001. Both were found guilty, and were sentenced to life imprisonment. 

Victoria's murder led to a public inquiry, chaired by Lord Herbert Laming, who investigated the role of social services, the NHS and police in her death. The Laming report found that on at least 12 occasions care workers could have saved her life. The highly critical report has led to further reforms of the way child protection measures are implemented in the U.K., including the creation of a database to keep track of every child in Britain in order to better co-ordinate the notes of doctors and social workers.

## Related articles
* Laming report
* child murder
* child abuse
I'll Be Your Baby Tonight

"'''I'll Be Your Baby Tonight'*"  is a 1967 song by Bob Dylan and first released on his eighth studio album *John Wesley Harding*. It has been covered by many artists.

## Robert Palmer and UB40 version
In 1990 it was covered by Robert Palmer and UB40 for his 10th studio album *Don't Explain''. The song was successful in Australia, Austria, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand (where it peaked at #1), Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

### Track listings
* **7-inch single**
# "I'll Be Your Baby Tonight" – 3:26
# "Deep End" – 4:33

* **CD single**
# "I'll Be Your Baby Tonight" – 3:26
# "Deep End" – 4:33

* **CD maxi**
# "I'll Be Your Baby Tonight" – 3:30
# "I'll Be Your Baby Tonight" (extended version) – 7:25
# "Deep End" – 4:33

* **12-inch single**
# "I'll Be Your Baby Tonight" (extended version) – 7:25
# "I'll Be Your Baby Tonight" – 3:30
# "Deep End" – 4:33

## References
Platymantis isarog

The **Isarog forest frog** (*Platymantis isarog*) is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines on Mount Isarog.  People have seen it between 1200 and 1800 meters above sea level.

## References
Philip V of France

**Philip V** (French: *Philippe V*;  1293 — 3 January 1322) nicknamed **the Tall** (French: *le Long*) was the King of France from 1316 until his death in 1322. He was also the King of Navarre (as **Philip II**) from 1314 until his death in 1322, and also the Regent of France during the interregnum between the death of his older brother Louis X and the birth of Louis' posthumous son, John I and also during the reign of the short-lived king.

Philip was the second son of King Philip IV of France and Queen Joan I of Navarre. As the second son, he never expected to become king. He was granted an appanage, the County of Poitiers, while his elder brother, Louis, inherited the French and Navarrese thrones. However, when Louis inherited the French  throne after his father's death in 1314, Louis gave the Navarrese throne to Philip and he became the King of Navarre as Philip II. When Louis died two years later in 1316, he left a daughter, Joan and a pregnant wife, Clementia of Hungary. Philip successfully claimed the regency. Clementia gave birth to a boy John who was immediately proclaimed after his birth king as John I, but the infant king lived only for five days.

After the death of his nephew, Philip immediately had himself crowned at Reims. However, his legitimacy was challenged by the party of Louis X's daughter Joan. Philip successfully contested her claims for a number of reasons, including her youth, doubts regarding her paternity (her mother was involved in the Tour de Nesle Affair), and the Estates General's determination that women should be excluded from the line of succession to the French throne. The succession of Philip, instead of Joan, set the precedent for the French royal succession that would be known as the Salic law.

Philip restored good relations with the County of Flanders, which had entered into open rebellion during his father's rule, but simultaneously his relations with his brother-in-law Edward II of England worsened as Edward, who was also the Duke of Guyenne, refused to swear homage to him. A spontaneous popular crusade started in Normandy in 1320 aiming to liberate the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. Instead the angry populace marched to the south attacking castles, royal officials, priests, lepers, and Jews. Philip engaged in a series of domestic reforms intended to improve the management of the kingdom. These reforms included the creation of an independent Court of Finances, the standardization of weights and measures, and the establishment of a single currency.

In 1307 Philip married Joan II, Countess of Burgundy, with whom he had four daughters. The couple however, produced no male heirs, therefore, when Philip died from dysentery in 1322, he was succeeded by his younger brother Charles IV.

Philip as seen as one of France's greatest kings. Like his predecessors, he established a system of local militias under officers responsible to the crown. He also increased the efficiency of government machinery at all levels and checked the abuses of local officials. He also stabilized the country and kept France in peace.
Asim Azhar

**Asim Azhar** (Urdu: عاصم اظہر; conceived 29 October 1996) is a Pakistani vocalist, lyricist, performer and an entertainer. He began his profession as a vocalist on YouTube, covering contemporary Western melodies before he turned into a person of note.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  at IMDb
* Asim Azhar at Instagram
John Washington

**John Washington** (1633 – 1677) was an English-born merchant, planter, politician and military officer. He was born in Tring, Hertfordshire. He later moved to the colony of Virginia, where he became a planter. Washington served in the Virginia militia and owned several plantations. His plantations used a combination of indentured and enslaved labor. Washington also served for many years in the House of Burgesses. He represented Westmoreland County. He was the first member of the Washington family to live in North America. He is also the paternal great-grandfather of George Washington, the first president of the United States.

## References
Augustine Washington

**Augustine Washington, Sr.** (12 November 169412 April 1743), was an British colonial American planter and iron ore miner. He was the father of George Washington, the first president of the United States. He belonged to the Colony of Virginia's landed gentry. Like his father and his sons, Washington had owned plantations which he operated by the use of enslaved labor. He also speculated in less developed land and had even operated in an iron mine. Unlike his father and his son George, Washington was never a legislator. He held various offices in the counties where he had land.

Washington's first wife was Jane Butler, who died in November of 1729. His second wife was Mary Ball Washington, the mother of George Washington. He was the son of Lawrence Washington and his wife, Mildred Gale.

## Children
### Children (by Jane Butler)
* Butler Washington (1716–1716)
* Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)
* Augustine Washington Jr. (1720–1762)
* Jane Washington (1722–1735)

### Children (by Mary Ball)
* George Washington (1732–1799), the first president of the United States
* Elizabeth Washington (1733–1797)
* Samuel Washington (1734–1781)
* John Augustine Washington (1736–1787)
* Charles Washington (1738–1799)
* Mildred Washington (1739–1740)
Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)

**Lawrence Washington** (1659 - 1698) was the father of Augustine Washington, who was the father of George Washington. Lawrence died in 1698 in Virginia, British Colonial America.
Them Crooked Vultures

**Them Crooked Vultures** is an alternative rock band. It was formed in 2009 in Los Angeles. It is a supergroup (a band of musicians that are already popular). The band's members are Josh Homme (singing, guitar), John Paul Jones (bass guitar, keyboard) and Dave Grohl (drums). The group also has Alain Johannes when they play at concerts.

The band started making music in 2009. In October 2009, they released their first single. It was named "New Fang". In November 2009, they released the album *Them Crooked Vultures*. The album went to the number 12 spot on the *Billboard* 200. The group won a Grammy Award in 2011 for "New Fang". The band took a break in 2010.

In September 2022, the band played at two concerts. The concerts were for Taylor Hawkins, the drummer for Foo Fighters that had died. Greg Kurstin helped play the keyboards for the band during these concerts. 

## References
Mildred Gale

**Mildred Gale**, born **Mildred Warner** () was the spouse (wife) of Lawrence Washington. He was the paternal grandfather of George Washington. After her husband died in February 1698, she had to raise her children all alone, and thus became a single parent (mother). She herself died on .
Kratié (town)

**Kratie** is a town in Cambodia. It is the capital of Kratié Province within Cambodia and is a *sangkat* within Kratié Municipality.

## References
Dheghom

**Dheghom** (Proto-Indo-European: **dʰéǵʰōm* or **dʰǵʰōm*; lit. 'earth'), or **Plethwih** (PIE: **pleth₂wih₁*, lit. the 'Broad One'), is an Earth-goddess from Proto-Indo-European mythology.

She is often called Mother Earth (**Dʰéǵʰōm Méh₂tēr*), and is called vast (**pleth₂wih₁*) and dark (**dʰengwo-*) . She represents the place where people and animals live.

She takes care of everything and everyone, like plants and animals. She is often thought of together with Dyēus, who is the god of the sky and where the other gods live. They are different but work together. Dyēus can make it rain which helps things grow and makes people happy. People who speak certain languages believe that the Mother Earth helps things grow and die. They think she is where people come from and where they go when they die.

## Name and etymology 
The word for 'earth' in Proto-Indo-European is *dʰ(é)ǵʰōm. This word is found in many different languages that come from Proto-Indo-European. For example, it is in Albanian dhe and toka, Hittite tēkan and tagān, Sanskrit kṣám, Greek khthṓn, Latin humus, Avestan zam, Tocharian tkaṃ, Old Irish dú, Lithuanian žẽmė, and Old Slavonic zemlja. This is why it is considered to be one of the most certain words we know from Proto-Indo-European.. However, there isn't much proof from language that the name *Dheghom was used for rituals. In fact, she was also known by other names, such as *Pleth₂-wih₁ (the 'Broad One'). But these other names aren't found as much in the different languages that came from Proto-Indo-European.

If we can trust that the Earth-goddess in Proto-Indo-European was called **Dheghom** and that **Plethwih** was one of her nicknames, it's likely that people thought of her as the Earth as a god-like being, not just a goddess who ruled over the Earth. This is because Proto-Indo-European mythology was strongly influenced by animism, which means people believed that everything had a spirit or soul.

## Other websites 
* piereligion.org page

## Footnotes 

## Sources 
 

## Bibliography
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## Further reading
On the Count of Three

***On the Count of Three*** is a 2021 American comedy-drama movie directed by Jerrod Carmichael. The movie is about two friends who make a suicide pact and plan to end their lives at the end of the day. Before they carry out their plan, they try to fix their problems and make up for their mistakes. The film stars Carmichael and Christopher Abbott as the two friends. Tiffany Haddish, J.B. Smoove, and Henry Winkler also appear in supporting roles. "On the Count of Three" premiered at the 2021 Sundance Film Festival. It was released in theaters and on video-on-demand in January 2022.

## References
Gerald Willfurth

**Gerald Willfurth** (born 6 November 1962) is a former Austrian  football midfielder. He played mainly for SK Rapid Wien and SV Austria Salzburg. He also played for the Austrian national football team.

## Club career
Willfurth began his career at ASK Bad Fischau. In 1981 he moved to Rapid Wien. With the club he was Austrian champion four times and won the cup four times until 1989. Another great success was reaching the final of the 1984–85 European Cup Winners' Cup . Willfurth played 204 Bundesliga games for SK Rapid. From 1989 to 1993. Willfurth then  played for SV Austria Salzburg (2-time runners-up in 1992 and 1993). Then he moved back to ASK Bad Fischau. In 1996 he moved to ASK Kottingbrunn, in 1997 to SC Eisenstadt. He ended his active career in 1998.

## International career
He made his debut for Austria in a June 1983 European Championship qualification match away against Albania, coming on as an 88th-minute substitute for Felix Gasselich. He played 30 matches and scored 3 goals for the national team. His last match was an April 1991 friendly match against Norway.
### International statistics  
:''Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Willfurth goal.''

## Honours
***Austrian Championship: 4**
:: 1982, 1983, 1987, 1988

***Austrian Cup: 4**
:: 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1986–87

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Listicle

When talking about journalism, a **listicle** in an article that is published as a list. The titles of such articles will usually contain a number, and often a superlative: "The 10 most important things...", "The 30 best places..." are examples of such titles. The article will then give this numbered list, and often also an explanation, for each item. Many of these listicles are presented in a count-down order, so that the best item is at the end. This also implies a ranking. Other listicles give no ranking directly, and simply discuss the items, perhaps gropuing them by theme: "20 things to do in ..".The word is a portmanteau derived from *list* and *article.* The word is similar to "popsicle". This stresses the fun but "not too nutritious" nature of the listicle.

Listicles also have the benefit that they can be produced more rapidly than in-depth articles or essays, which may require a lot of research. 

## Media
While conventional reportage and essay-writing often require the careful crafting of narrative flow, the building-block nature of the listicle lends itself to more rapid production. It can also be a means of "recycling" information, as often it is the context, not the content, that is original. For example, one can construct a listicle by adding captions to YouTube clips. For these reasons, the form has come under criticism as a "kind of cheap content-creation".

It's so easy you wonder why everyone doesn't do it until you realize that now it's all they do: Come up with an idea ("Top 10 Worst [X]") on the L train ride to the office that morning, [and] slap together 10 (or 25, or 100) cultural artifacts ripe for the kind of snarky working over that won't actually tax you at all as a writer/thinker.

Nevertheless, the form remains a mainstay of the newsstand and of the web. The covers of magazines such as *Cosmopolitan* and ''Men's Journal* regularly sport at least one, if not several listicles. Some websites, such as BuzzFeed, generate hundreds of listicles daily.

## History 
Alex Johnson, writing for *The Independent'', suggested that an 1886 speech by Sir John Lubbock which gave a list of around 100 books "which on the whole are perhaps best worth reading" was an early form of listicle, and that Lubbock should be considered the 'godfather' of the format.

Steven Poole suggested that listicles have literary precursors like Jorge Luis Borges's "The Analytical Language of John Wilkins". He also compares it to more high-art versions like Umberto Eco's *The Infinity of Lists*, a book composed entirely of lists.

In 2009, posts in the format "25 Random Things About Me" became an Internet meme, starting on Facebook but spreading to the broader web, and attracting considerable media coverage in the process.

## References
## Other websites
*
* What Is a Listicle?, by Jo Christy
* 23 Reasons Why We Should Snort at Listicles, by Alfred A. Yuson
Other Side of the World

"**Other Side of the World**" is a 2005 song by KT Tunstall and is the opening track from her debut studio album *Eye of the Telescope*. It went to number 13 in the United Kingdom, number 21 in the Netherlands, number 22 in Italy and number 25 in Ireland.

## Track listings
**UK CD single** 
# "Other Side of the World" (single version)
# "Boo Hoo"

**UK limited-edition 7-inch single** 
:A. "Other Side of the World" (single version) – 3:32
:B. "Morning Stars" – 2:46

**UK DVD single** 
# "Other Side of the World" (video)
# "Black Horse and the Cherry Tree" (video)
# "Throw Me a Rope" (audio)

**UK and US digital download**
# "Other Side of the World" (radio version)

**European CD single** 
# "Other Side of the World" (single version)
# "Throw Me a Rope"
# "Boo Hoo"
# "Morning Stars"

## References
New Brighton, New Zealand

**New Brighton** is a coastal suburb of Christchurch. It is 8 kilometers east of the Christchurch Central and has an architecturally unique pier and scenic coastline. It was damaged in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. It has three primary schools in the suburb and was the first to have trading on Saturdays in 1946. 

## References
South New Brighton

**South New Brighton** is the eastern suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand. It is located east of New Brighton and west of Southshore. It has a primary school and opened in 1922.

## References
Dancing with Tears in My Eyes

"**Dancing with Tears in My Eyes**" is a 1984 song by British new wave band Ultravox and is the second single from their seventh studio album *Lament*. It went to number 2 in Belgium, number 3 in the United Kingdom, number 6 in the Netherlands and Poland, number 7 in Germany, number 8 in Ireland, number 16 in Switzerland, number 36 in France and number 38 in New Zealand. It failed to chart in the United States.

## Track listing
### 7" vinyl
### 12" vinyl (UK and Europe)
### 12" vinyl (North America)
## References
"Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D

***"Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D*** (sometimes called ***In 3-D***) is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter "Weird Al" Yankovic. It was released on February 28, 1984 by Rock 'n Roll Records. It was produced by Rick Derringer. It was recorded between October and December 1983.

The album's music is parodies of pop and rock music from the 1980s. Yankovic made parody versions of songs by many musicians. Half of the album is parodies of songs other people have made, such as Michael Jackson, Men Without Hats, the Police, and Survivor. The other half of the album is "style parodies". This is music that does not parody any song. It parodies the style of music a person makes. The album has style parodies based on Bob Marley and the B-52s. *In 3-D* is different from Yankovic's first album (*"Weird Al" Yankovic*). The parody songs on the album were more similar to their original songs. Yankovic also did not play the accordion for every song. It is Yankovic's first album with a polka themed mix of popular songs on it. Yankovic has put a polka mix on many albums since *In 3-D*.

*"Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D* went to number 17 on the *Billboard* 200. This is an American music chart. It also went to number 61 on Australian music charts. The album has one of Yankovic's most popular singles on it. It is named "Eat It". This single went to number 12 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. This was his highest charting song until 2006. "Eat It" was also number one in Australia. This makes it his only number one song in any country. The album had two more singles: "King of Suede" and "I Lost on Jeopardy". The album was certified platinum by the RIAA. "Eat It" won a Grammy Award in 1985.

## Track listing 
## References
Rafael Alun Trisambodo

**Rafael Alun Trisambodo** (born in Yogyakarta 11 August 1967) is a former echelon III civil servant who most recently served as Head of the General Section of the DGT South Jakarta Regional Office. He is known to have assets worth 56 billion rupiah which was revealed after the persecution case committed by his son.
He is also known as "Penguasa Jaksel".

## Related pages
* StopBayarPajak
* Tax resistance in Indonesia
* Gayus Tambunan

## References
Jesus Is King

***Jesus Is King*** is a gospel album made by Kanye West. It is West's ninth album. The album has 2 singles: "Follow God" and "Closed On Sunday". It has 11 songs on it. It is 27 minutes and 4 seconds long. This makes it West's shortest album. *Jesus Is King* was released on October 25th, 2019. It was released by Def Jam Records and GOOD Music.  *Jesus Is King* is very different from West's other music. It is inspired by gospel and Christian music. It has vocals from The Sunday Service Choir, Ant Clemons, Ty Dolla $ign, Fred Hammond, Clipse, and Kenny G. Many critics did not like the album. It is West’s worst-reviewed album. It is West's ninth album to be number one on the *Billboard* 200. The album was certified gold by the RIAA.

## Track listing
Track listing and credits are from Tidal and the BMI Repertoire.

**Notes**
*  means the song had a co-producer
*  means the song an extra producer

## Notes 
## References
Health in New Zealand

New Zealand is a high income country, and  the population are generally healthy. The main health problems are obesity and heart disease.  New Zealand was 7th among OECD countries for obesity in 2003, with 20.9% of the adult population having a body mass index of greater than 30.

Life expectancy rose steadily between 1960 and 2020.  In 2022, the life expectancy of New Zealanders was 82.65 years.  Māori life expectancy was seven years less  in 2000 and still 7 years less in 2023, but improved by 4 years between 2002 and 2022, just the same as the rest of the population. 

## References
Data (computing)

**Data** is a sequence of numbers, words, or other symbols. Data needs to be explained to become information. Digital data is data stored using the binary system, and is 1s and 0s. In computer systems invented after 1960, all data is digital. Data can be transported over a network or in memory, be changed, or be stored and be inactive. Data moving inside of a computer moves in multiple of these binary digits, in multiple . Data that comes from a system that detects temperature is often  and needs to become many binary digits, instead. Data that is used for numbers, , or symbols is stored using various magnets, a disc, electronics, or . Data goes into and out of various other devices attached to the computer. Memory elements often use a hexadecimal address, and 1 byte of storage. Data is, many times, stored in databases. A visual, such as a graph, can be created out of data.

## Qualities
Data can be metadata, or data that is about other data. It can be suggested, or it can be given. Data relating to actual events usually has the time recorded as metadata. Computers follow commands given to them as data, and those commands are called programs. A program is a list of commands that control the computer, and which it does. When the program is acted on by the computer, it consists of code. The storage used by the program, but not acted on by the central processing unit (CPU) are data. A single datum is a value stored inside of the computer. Files containing only binary are sometimes called data, so as to point out the difference between these files and readable text. The amount of digital data was guessed to be 281 exabytes in 2008.

## References
Platymantis luzonensis

The **Luzon forest frog** (*Platymantis luzonensis*) is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines.  People have seen it about 600 meters above sea level.

## References
Donda

***Donda*** is the tenth studio album by American rapper and producer Kanye West. It was released in August 2021. The album is named after West's late mother, Donda West, who died in 2007. The album features 27 tracks and runs for a total of 108 minutes. 

The album features guest appearances from a variety of artists, including The Weeknd, Jay-Z, Kid Cudi, Travis Scott, and more. The album has been praised for its innovative production and introspective lyrics, with many critics noting its emotional depth and West's willingness to be vulnerable. "Donda" debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. It has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. 

## Track listing 
Track listing adapted from Tidal.

*  signifies a co-producer
*  signifies an additional producer
## References
Ram Sahaya Yadav

**Ram Sahaya Yadav** (born 24 July 1970) is a Nepalese politician who has been the Vice president of Nepal since 20 March 2023. He is a former minister for forests and environment of Nepal. He was elected vice president on 17 March 2023.

## References
Cockney

**Cockney** is an accent or dialect of English,  spoken in London, particularly by working-class and lower middle-class Londoners. The term "Cockney" was used to describe a person from the East End, or born within earshot of Bow Bells - The **Church of St Mary-le-Bow**. Dick Whittington was supposed to have heard the bells calling him back to the city in 1392.

## References
Dick Whittington

**Dick Whittington**, properly Sir Richard Whittington (1354 – March 1423), was  four times  Lord Mayor of London, a member of parliament and a Sheriff of London.  He had no children and  left his fortune (£7,000 equivalent to £6,300,000 in 2021) to form the Charity of Sir Richard Whittington.

His life was well known. He became a character in an English story that was adapted for the stage as a play, *The History of Richard Whittington, of his lowe byrth, his great fortune*, in February 1604.  This was turned into  a pantomime called *Dick Whittington and His Cat.*  This tells how Dick, a boy from a poor Gloucestershire family, sets out for London to make his fortune, accompanied by, or later acquiring, his cat. At first he meets with little success, and is tempted to return home. However, on his way out of the city, whilst climbing Highgate Hill  he hears the Bow Bells of London ringing, and believes they are sending him a message. There is now a large hospital on Highgate Hill, named the Whittington Hospital. A traditional rhyme associated with this tale is:Turn again, Whittington,

Once Lord Mayor of London!

Turn again, Whittington,

Twice Lord Mayor of London!

Turn again, Whittington,

Thrice Lord Mayor of London!

## References
Whittington Hospital

**Whittington Hospital** is a district general and teaching hospital of UCL Medical School and Middlesex University School of Health and Social Sciences. It is in Upper Holloway, Islington, and is managed by Whittington Health NHS Trust.  It is the place where Dick Whittington was supposed to have heard the Bow Bells ringing.

The first hospital there was St Anthony's Chapel and Lazar House, built for lepers in 1473.A Smallpox and Vaccination Hospital, was built there in 1848.  In 1900 it was turned into a workhouse infirmary.  It was taken over by the London County Council in 1930 and renamed St Mary's Hospital.

## References
Sabita Poudel

**Sabita Poudel** (Nepali: सबिता पौडेल), the first First lady of Nepal, is the spouse of Ram Chandra Poudel, President of Nepal who is currently serving as First Lady of Nepal. It has been 63 years since Sabita has been married with Ram Chandra. Her initial days were not the bed of roses. She was only 11 years old when she got married.

## References 
4. https://en.nepalkhabar.com/news/detail/3128/
StopBayarPajak

Sri Mulyani Indrawati who became the target of internet users' disappointment over the disclosure of the lifestyle of employees at the Ministry of Finance.]]
**StopBayarPajak** (or spelled **#StopBayarPajak**) is a hashtag that appeared in cyberspace-especially on the social networking site Twitter-in February and March 2023 regarding criticism from the Indonesian public regarding the persecution case of David Ozora Latumahina on 20 February 2023 by the son of one who was previously an official within the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxes, Ministry of Finance, South Jakarta II. The credibility of the Ministry of Finance as a tax collection state institution was questioned due to allegations of misuse of his father's assets as an official within the Directorate General of Taxes for personal gain.

## Related pages
* Rafael Alun Trisambodo
* Tax resistance in Indonesia
* Gayus Tambunan

## References
Hospitals in the United Kingdom

**Hospitals in the United Kingdom** are mostly now run by the National Health Service, but there are still a number of private hospitals, mostly in or near London. 

Before the NHS started in 1947 there were a very large number of small hospitals.  It took over 1143 voluntary hospitals, with about 90,000 beds and 1545 municipal hospitals with about 390,000 beds.  The average number of people in hospital beds went down from about 410,00 in 1960 to 341,000 in 1974, though the number of people treated went up.      

Voluntary hospitals started in the eighteenth century in England.  They gave free medical care to poor people.  Their doctors were not paid for this.  They made their money from private patients, who were mostly treated in their own homes.   They were teaching hospitals and run as charities. 

Municipal hospitals were run by local government. They had taken over the workhouses after 1929.  They were mostly for people with long term  or infectious illnesses, mental illness and mental handicap.  Hospitals for people with smallpox or tuberculosis were built in isolated places.

The people who worked in the hospitals under the NHS were paid by the rules of the Whitley councils.

Many of the small hospitals were closed by Nye Bevan in the first years of the NHS.  In 1962 Enoch Powell launched the Hospital Plan which had plans for 90 new hospitals, 134 to be rebuilt and about 1000 more small hospitals to be closed.  Not all of these were built. The new ones were called District General Hospitals, and they provided most services in the same building. The idea was to make sure there were enough beds in all parts of the country.

## References
Whitley council

A **Whitley council**, also known as a  **joint industrial council,** is a British organization which fixes wage rates, terms and conditions in a specific industry.  They have both employers and trade unions.  They were started in 1917.

In 1979 there were eight  councils in the National Health Service covering all the NHS staff, except doctors and dentists.

In 2004 a new system was started for the NHS, called Agenda for Change.  It has nine numbered pay bands subdivided into points, like the old alphabetic Whitley Council 'grades' pay scales.

## References
The Great Beyond

**"The Great Beyond"** is a 1999 song by alternative rock band R.E.M. and taken from the 1999 movie *Man on the Moon*. It went to number 3 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in Scotland and also went to the top 20 in Iceland, Ireland, Italy and Norway. It also went to number 57 in the United States. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2000.

## Track listings
All songs were written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe, except for "The Great Beyond", written by Buck, Mills, and Stipe.

* **US CD, 7-inch, and cassette single**
: **UK cassette single**
# "The Great Beyond" (edit)
# "Man on the Moon" (live at Glastonbury)

* **US maxi-CD single**
# "The Great Beyond" (edit)
# "The One I Love" (live at Glastonbury)
# "Everybody Hurts" (live at Glastonbury)
# "Man on the Moon" (live at Glastonbury)

* **UK and European CD single**
# "The Great Beyond" (radio edit) – 4:13
# "Everybody Hurts" (live from Glastonbury) – 6:21
# "The One I Love" (live from Glastonbury) – 3:10

## References
The Defender (2004 movie)

***The Defender*** is a 2004 American British German Romanian action thriller movie directed by first time director Dolph Lundgren (who also stars). Also starring Jerry Springer, Shakara Ledard, Caroline Lee Johnson, Gerald Kyd, Leigh Zimmerman, Iddo Goldberg and Colin Tarrant.

## Other websites
* 
*
Satellite airfield

**Satellite airfield**s are landing strips not regarded as airfields as such but must be taken as a substitute in one way to a larger nearby airfield. The way this can be done may vary such as the allocation of flight traffics and other functions to the satellite in order to releive pressure on the main airfield. 

## References
Dentistry in the United Kingdom

2023]]
**Dentistry in the United Kingdom** is partly a free part of the National Health Service and partly paid for privately. Most dentists run private businesses. UK dentists are regulated by the General Dental Council  and the Care Quality Commission.  If they do NHS work they are paid for activity.  There are contracts which sets down what they will be paid for and how much.  They are different in the different part of the United Kingdom.

Before the NHS started in 1948 many people paid to have their teeth taken out because they were afraid of the cost of dentistry.  In 2023 there were still many people over the age of 85 with no teeth.

People who qualify for the NHS Low Income Scheme do not have to pay, but they have to find a dentist who does NHS work. Other people have to pay standard charges - £23.80 for an examination, £65.20 for fillings, root canal treatment and removing teeth or £282.80 for more  complex procedures, such as crowns, dentures and bridges. (2023 prices)

In 2023 many dentists had stopped taking on NHS patients.  Only one in five dental practices in Scotland were taking on new NHS patients.  

## References
Pressure Down

**"Pressure Down"** is a 1986 song by John Farnham and is the second single from his 12th studio album *Whispering Jack*. It went to number 4 in Australia, number 8 in New Zealand, number 11 in Sweden, number 32 in Germany and number 78 in the United Kingdom.

## References
So I Married an Axe Murderer

***So I Married an Axe Murderer*** is a 1993 American romantic black comedy movie directed by Paul Weiland and starring Mike Myers, Amanda Plummer, Nancy Travis, Alec Baldwin, Mike Hagerty, Michael Richards, Brenda Fricker, Phil Hartman, Matt Doherty, Charles Grodin, Alan Arkin. It was distributed by TriStar Pictures.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
A Touch of Paradise

"**A Touch of Paradise**" is a 1982 song by Australian rock band Mondo Rock for their third studio album *Nuovo Mondo*. The better known is the John Farnham version and was released from his 12th studio album *Whispering Jack*. It went to number 27 in Australia and number 47 in New Zealand.

## Track listing
# "A Touch of Paradise" - 4:45
# "Help!"  (Live Version)  - 4:13
Something to Talk About (Bonnie Raitt song)

**"Something to Talk About"** is a 1991 song by Bonnie Raitt from her 11th studio album *Luck of the Draw*. It went to number 3 in Canada, number 5 in the United States, number 33 in New Zealand, number 57 in Australia and Germany and number 59 in the Netherlands. It won a Grammy Award in 1992.

## References
Geordie

**Geordie** is a word for a person from Newcastle upon Tyne, and the dialect used by people who live nearby.  It is like the language spoken by Anglo-Saxon settlers. It may also mean a supporter of Newcastle United.

Common Geordie words include  the nouns *bairn* ("child") and *clarts* ("mud"); the adjectives *canny* ("pleasant") and *clag* ("sticky"); and the imperative verb phrase *howay* ("hurry up!"; "come on!"). 

## References
Working on It

"**Working on It**" is a 1989 song by English singer Chris Rea and taken from his compilation album *New Light Through Old Windows*. It went to number 53 in the United Kingdom and number 73 in the United States. It was used in the 1994 movie *Camp Nowhere*.

## Track listing
;7" single (US release)
# "Working on It" – 3:47
# "Loving You Again" (Live Version) – 5:20

;7" single (UK/European release)
# "Working on It" – 4:24
# "One Golden Rule" – 4:29

;7" single (Australian release)
# "Working on It" – 4:24
# "Driving Home for Christmas" – 3:58

;7" single (US promo)
# "Working on It" – 3:47
# "Working on It" – 3:47

;12" single (UK/European release)
# "Working on It" (Extended Mix) – 5:55
# "One Golden Rule" – 4:29

;Cassette single
# "Working on It" (Edit) – 3:47
# "Loving You Again" (Live Version) – 5:20

;CD single (German release)
# "Working on It" – 4:25
# "Working on It" (Extended Mix) – 5:55
# "One Golden Rule" – 4:30
# "Stainsby Girls" – 4:07

;CD single (US release)
# "Working on It" (LP Version) - 4:24

## References
Quicksand (David Bowie song)

"**Quicksand**" is a 1971 song by David Bowie and is the sixth track from his fourth studio album *Hunky Dory*. The song is influenced by Buddhism, Occult and criminals.

## References
Bathyphysa conifera

***Bathyphysa conifera***, is a species of siphonophore. They live about 1000 to 4000 meters below the ocean. This depth is called the bathypelagic zone.

*Bathyphysa conifera* was nicknamed the "Flying Spaghetti Monster" by the oil workers who first saw it. Its cluster of reproductive structures called gonophores look a bit like cones. 

*Bathyphysa conifera* is found in the Atlantic Ocean: off the coast of Gabon and as far south as Angola. It is also in Monterey Bay in the Pacific Ocean.

These colonial organisms are all composites: they are groups of organisms, not single organisms. This is usual for the jellyfish called siphonophores. 
It is a group of polyps with no propulsion. Without propulsion, *B. conifera* moves by contracting and relaxing the body stem. The tentacles have stinging cells called nematocysts.

The entire animal, including tentacles, is several meters long. The feeding polyps are pink when young, before developing tentacles. A mature feeding polyp is yellow with a single tentacle.

Colonies are unisexual, and reproduce by asexual reproduction. 

## Ecology 
Like many siphonophores, it is carnivorous. The typical siphonophore diet consists of a variety of copepods, small crustaceans, and small fish. *B. conifera* has been seen eating a lanternfish.

A species of manefish in the genus *Caristius* associates mutualistically with *B. conifera*, using it for shelter, stealing meals, and perhaps nibbling on its host as well. The fish protects it from amphipod parasites like *Themisto*.

## References
Tolulope Arotile

**Tolulope Arotile** (December 13, 1995 - July 14, 2020), also known as **Tolulope Oluwatoyin Sarah Arotile**, was Nigeria's first female combat helicopter pilot in the Nigerian Air Force.

## Birth, education and career
Tolulope Arotile was born in Kaduna, Nigeria on 13 December 1995 to the family of Mr and Mrs Akintunde Arotile, but she came from the Iffe area in Ijumu Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria.

She attended Air Force Primary School, Kaduna from 2000 to 2005 and Air Force Secondary School, Kaduna from 2006 to 2011 before she later gained admission into the Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna as a member of 64 Regular Course on 22 September 2012, where she got Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics.

Arotile had said she joined the military because of her love for the military. She had also said to be a military officer was her long time dream.

She was commissioned into the Nigerian Airforce on 16 September 2017 as a member of the Nigerian Defence Academy Regular Course 64.

She held a commercial pilot license and also underwent tactical flying training with the Agusta 109 Power Attack Helicopter in Italy.

In October 2019, the Nigerian Air Force had decorated her as the first female pilot that the service would get in 55 years.

## Death and burial
On 14 July 2020, less than eight months since her decoration, Tolulope Arotile died at the age of 24 in Kaduna, Nigeria. The Nigeria President, the NAF, and the Nigerian masses were deeply touched by the news of her premature death resulting from a head injury she sustained in a car accident.

## References
Gayus Tambunan

**Gayus Halomoan Partahanan Tambunan** or commonly called **Gayus Tambunan** (born May 9, 1979) is a former civil servant at the Directorate General of Taxes, Ministry of Finance of Indonesia. He was known when Komjen (Pol) Susno Duadji said that Gayus kept rupiah gope money in his bank account, plus foreign money worth Rp. 60 billion and jewelery worth Rp. 14 billion in a bank safe on behalf of his wife, all of which were suspected of being illicit assets. In further developments, Gayus had fled to Singapore with his wife and children before being picked up again by the Legal Mafia Task Force in Singapore. The Gayus case tarnished the process of tax reform at the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, which at that time was being intensively rolled out by Sri Mulyani and at the same time destroyed the image of the Indonesian tax apparatus.

## Family 
Gayus grew up and was born in Warakas, North Jakarta. He is the second of five children, son of Amir Syarifuddin Tambunan.  Gaius is married to Milana Anggraeni and has five children. Milana herself is suspected of having received Rp 3.6 billion from Gaius Tambunan's account. It is known that there were five transfers of funds to Milana's account, between 4 December 2009 to 11 January 2010.

## Related pages
* StopBayarPajak
* Rafael Alun Trisambodo
* Tax resistance in Indonesia

## Referensi 
## Other websites 
* Kasus gayus bikin orang malas bayar pajak 
* Kisah Cinta Gayus 
* Polis kejar Milana istri Gayus 
* Foto mirip Gayus di Paspor Sony Laksono (dennyindrayana) on Twitter
1980–81 Austrian Cup

The **1980-81 Austrian Cup** was the national cup in Austrian football. FK Austria Wien were the defending champions.  
## First round 
First round with teams from the second league.

## Round of 32
First round with teams from the first league.

## Round of 16
## Quarter finals
## Semi-finals
## Final
***First match**

***SV Austria Salzburg:**
Herbert Rettensteiner – Leopold Lainer, Gerhard Roos, Hannes Winklbauer, Günter Kronsteiner – Franz Bacher, Gerhard Breitenberger, Alfred Lettner (62. Ewald Gröss) – Gerhard Perlak, Hermann Stadler, Hans-Gerd Schildt (52. Jaroslav Pollák)
coach:August Starek
* **Grazer AK:**
Savo Ekmečić – Mario Mohapp, Erwin Hohenwarter, Erich Marko, Paul Bajlitz (68. Mario Zuenelli) – Josef Stering, Ernst Gössl, Ewald Ratschnig, Johann Pigel, – Harald Gamauf, Leo Weiss (59. Richard Burger)
coach: Václav Halama

***Second match:**

***Grazer AK:**
Savo Ekmečić – Harald Gamauf, Erwin Hohenwarter, Erich Marko, Paul Bajlitz (91. Ewald Ratschnig) – Josef Stering, Ernst Gössl, Mario Zuenelli, Josef Moder – Johann Pigel (81. Leo Weiss), Alfred Riedl
coach: Václav Halama
* **SV Austria Salzburg:**
Herbert Rettensteiner – Leopold Lainer (91. Ewald Gröss), Hannes Winklbauer, Gerhard Roos, Franz Bacher, Hans-Gerd Schildt, Gerhard Breitenberger, Franz Xaver Meusburger (46. Klaus Schulze), Hermann Stadler,Gerhard Perlak
coach:August Starek

## Top goalscorers
## References
Friday Night Baseball

**Friday Night Baseball** is a weekly baseball broadcast on Apple TV+, produced by Apple Inc. and the MLB Network.
Precision-guided munition

A **smart bomb** or **smart ammunition** is a kind of weapon that is able to hit a target more precisely. It will therefore do more damage to the intended target, and ideally, there will be less collateral damage. Officially, these bombs are called **Precision-guided munition**, or **PGM**. 

Such ammunition or bombs have the ability to influence their course, after they have been launched. 

Usually, such weapons have sensors, for example for:

* Detecting their position, for example by using GPS.
* detecting light, infrared or radar signals
* Empennage (also called tail assembly) that allows them to change their course
* A battery, as a source of energy.

During the First Gulf War guided munitions were only 9% of weapons fired, but they accounted for 75% of all successful hits. Despite guided weapons generally being used on more difficult targets, they were still 35 times more likely to destroy their targets per weapon dropped.

## References
Platymantis cagayanensis

The ***Platymantis cagayanensis*** is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines.  People have seen it as high as 200 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is about 26.4-30.8 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 34.7-37.4 long.  The frog is brown in color with dark spots, dark bars behind the eyes, and dark bars on the back legs.

## References
Photophone

The **photophone** is a telecommunications device that allows transmission of speech on a beam of light. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell along with his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter on February 19, 1880. Bell believed that the photophone was his most important invention.
Naré Maghann Konaté

**Naré Maghann Konaté** (died *c.* 1218) was a 12th-century faama (king) of the Mandinka people, in what is today called Mali. He was the father of Sundiata Keita, who founded the Mali Empire, and a character in the oral tradition of the Epic of Sundiata.

## The Epic of Sundiata 
In the Epic of Sundiata, Naré Maghann Konaté (also called Maghan Kon Fatta or Maghan the Handsome) was a Mandinka king who one day received a God-related hunter at his court. The hunter predicted that if Konaté married an ugly woman, she would give him a son who would one day be a mighty king. Naré Maghann Konaté was already married to Sassouma Berté and had a son by her, Dankaran Touman Keïta. However, when two Traoré hunters from the Do kingdom presented him an ugly, hunchbacked woman named Sogolon, he remembered the prediction and married her. She soon gave birth to a son, Sundiata, who was unable to walk throughout most of his childhood until 7 years old.
Circle dance

) dance]]
**Circle dance**, or  **chain dance**, is a style of social dance done in a circle or a wavy line to background music, which has a beat and singing (sometimes just a beat without singing). It is a type of dance where anyone can join in without the need for a partner. 

Unlike line dancing, circle dancers connect with each other made by hand-to-hand, finger-to-finger or hands-on-shoulders, where they follow the leader around the dance floor. From gentle to energetic, the dance can be a fun group experience or part of a meditation.

## Background
Being probably the oldest known dance style, it is common to many cultures for celebrating special occasions, religious ceremonies, and for encouraging togetherness. Circle dances are performed to many different styles of music and rhythms. Modern circle dance mixes traditional folk dances, mainly from European or Near Eastern origins, with recently created ones to a variety of music both ancient and modern.

## Distribution
Modern circle dancing is found in many cultures, including Iraqi, Jordanian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Israeli, Assyrian, Kurdish, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Maltese, and Balkan.

Circle dancing also has a historical importance in Brittany, Catalonia and Ireland to the west of Europe, and also in South America (Peruvian), Tibet, and with Native Americans. It is used, in its more meditating form, in worship in various religious traditions including the Church of England and the Islamic Haḍra Dhikr (or Zikr) dances.

## Types
Some famous circle dances include Hora (Balkan), Kolo (Slavic), Sardana (Italy), Syrtos (Greece), An Dro (Breton), Dabke (Levant), Khigga (Assyrian), Kochari (Caucasus, Balkan and Anatolia), Tamzara (Caucasus, Anatolia and Greece).
## Related pages 
* Line dance
* Street dance

## References