open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Whitehall

]]
. The tower is Victoria Tower.]]

**Whitehall** is a road in Westminster in London, England. It is the main street running north from Parliament Square, towards traditional Charing Cross, now at the southern end of Trafalgar Square and marked by the statue of Charles I, which is often regarded as the heart of London.

The name "Whitehall" is often used for governmental administration and as a geographic name for the district around it.

Whitehall was originally a wide road that ran up to the front of the palace. Trafalgar Square was built at its northern end in the early 19th century. The southernmost part by Parliament Square is named **Parliament Street**, but there is no longer any obvious difference between the two on the ground. Combined, the streets cover a total distance of about 0.6 mile (1 km).

## Government buildings in Whitehall 
*10 Downing Street
*The Cabinet Office
*The Foreign and Commonwealth Office
*The Ministry of Defence
*The Treasury
*Department of Health
*Department of Work and Pensions

## Bibliography 
* George S Dugdale  1950.  *Whitehall through the centuries*, with black and white reproductions and plans. A foreword by Sir Edward Bridges.  Phoenix House, London.

## Other websites 
*Aerial photo and map
*Whitehall in 1669, showing the Banqueting House and Holbein Gateway 
*History of the Whitehall Theatre built on Whitehall in 1930 

## Gallery 

Image:A View of Whitehall, looking south, 1740.jpg|Whitehall, looking south in 1740
Image:Whitehall1799.jpg|In 1799 many of the sites now occupied by large government buildings were covered with terraced houses.
Image:Taxi_and_Monuments_on_Whitehall.jpg|A London cab zooms between two monuments on Whitehall, between Horse Guards and 10 Downing Street

## Notes
Ariel Rubinstein

**Ariel Rubinstein** (born April 13, 1951 in Jerusalem) is an Israeli economist. He is a professor of economics at Tel Aviv University and New York University. Rubinstein writes about game theory.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2012.

## References
## Other websites
* Ariel Rubinstein's personal homepage with links to most of his published works 
* The presentation of Ariel Rubinstein for the 2004 Nemmers Prize in Economics. 
* Nash lecture 
* Rubinstein's Alternating Offers Bargaining paper 
* Nash's home page
Joseba Sarrionandia

**Joseba Sarrionandia Uribelarrea** (born April 13, 1958 in Iurreta, Biscay, Basque Country) is a Basque writer. He has written many poetry books, short stories, and novels. In 1985, Sarrionandia escaped from prison after he was put in for being a member of the Basque armed group ETA. Since then, he has lived in secret but he still writes books. He is one of the best-known contemporary Basque writers.

## Biography 
Sarrionandia studied the Basque language and earned a PhD in Basque Philology from the University of Deusto in Bilbao. He was a Basque language teacher and taught phonetics. His writings were published in a number of Basque magazines. He also translated books by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Konstantino Kavafis, T. S. Eliot and Fernando Pessoa into the Basque language.

In 1980, Sarrionandia was arrested by Spanish police for being a member of ETA. He was sentenced to 22 years in prison. In 1985 he escaped from prison with Iñaki Pikaea during a concert in the jail with Basque singer Imanol Larzabal. They hid themselves inside a loudspeaker. The Basque rock group Kortatu wrote the song *Sarri, Sarri* in honor of this. He has lived in secret since his escape and writes a lot about exile. 

Sarrionandia has written books and poems which have been sung by different Basque singers. There's also an audio book called *Hau da ene ondasun guzia* of Sarrionandia reading his own poems as well as many songs performed by different singers.

### Awards 
* Ignacio Aldekoa Prize (1980)
* Resurreccion Maria Azkue Prize (1980)
* Bilbao City Council Prize (1980)
* Spanish Literature critics', Basque Narrative Prize (1986 and 2001)
* Euskadi Prize for Essay in Basque (2011)

### One of his poems 
**The blacksmith slave**
Captive in the rainforests of the West
they brought you to Rome, slave,
they gave you the blacksmith work
and you make chains.
The red iron that you carry out the oven
can be adapted as you want,
you can make swords
in order that your people could break the chains,
but you, this slave,
you make chains, more chains.
Translation source 

## Other websites 
* Izuen gordelekuetan barrena , online poems.
* Gartzelako poemak , online poems.
* Project for translating a poem into as many languages as possible using wiki technology
Odilon Redon

, Musée d'Orsay.]]
**Odilon Redon** (April 22, 1840 – July 6, 1916) was a Symbolist painter and printmaker, born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France.

Redon started drawing as a young child, and at the age of 10 he was given a drawing prize at school. At age 15, he began official study in drawing but he later on switched to architecture because his father told him to. His failure to pass the entrance exams at Paris’ École des Beaux-Arts ended any plans for a career as an architect, although he would later study there under Jean-Léon Gerôme.

Back home in his home town of Bordeaux, he took up sculpture, and Rodolphe Bresdin instructed him in etching and lithography. However, his artistic career was halted in 1870 when he joined the army to serve in the Franco-Prussian War.

At the end of the war, he moved to Paris, working almost only in charcoal and lithography. It would not be until 1878 that his work gained any recognition with *Guardian Spirit of the Waters*, and he published his first album of lithographs, called *Dans le Rêve*, in 1879. Still, Redon remained unknown until the appearance in 1884 of a cult novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans titled, *À rebours (Against Nature)*. The story featured a decadent aristocrat who collected Redon's drawings. 

In the 1890s, he began to use pastel and oils, which featured in most of his works for the rest of his life. In 1899, he exhibited with the Nabis at Durand-Ruel's. In 1903 he was given the Legion of Honor. His popularity increased when a catalogue of etchings and lithographs was published by André Mellerio in 1913 and that same year, he was given the largest single representation at the New York Armory Show. 

In 2005 the Museum of Modern Art launched an exhibition called "Beyond The Visible", a comprehensive overview of Redon's work showcasing more than 100 paintings, drawings, prints and books from The Ian Woodner Family Collection. The exhibition ran from October 30, 2005 to January 23, 2006. 

## Selected works 

Image:Redon spirit-forest.jpg|*Spirit of the Forest*, 1880.
Image:Redon cactus-man.jpg|*Cactus Man*, 1881.
Image:Redon crying-spider.jpg|*The Crying Spider*, 1881.
Image:Redon.st-john.jpg|*Saint John*, 1892.
Image:Redon.flower-clouds.jpg|*Flower Clouds*, 1903, The Art Institute of Chicago.
Image:Redon.bouddha.jpg|*The Buddha*, 1904.
Image:Redon.coquille.jpg|*Coquille*, 1912.
Image:Odilon Redon - The Cyclops, c. 1914.jpg|*The Cyclops*, 1914, Kroller-Muller Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands.

## Other websites 
* odilonredon.net  - Online biography and pictures of Odilon Redon
* Artcyclopedia - Links to Redon's works
* The Athenaeum  - Extensive list and images of Redon's works
* Museum Syndicate - Odilon Redon Gallery at Museum Syndicate
* Web Museum - Biography and images of Redon's works
* MoMA Exhibition  - "Beyond the Visible - The Art of Odilon Redon" - MoMA exhibition (October 2005 - January 2006)
SpongeBob SquarePants (character)

**SpongeBob SquarePants** is the main protagonist of the Nickelodeon cartoon *SpongeBob SquarePants*. He is a yellow sea sponge who loves his job as a fry cook at the Krusty Krab. SpongeBob lives in a pineapple with his pet snail Gary. SpongeBob was first seen on May 1, 1999 in the show's television pilot ("Help Wanted"). He is voiced by Tom Kenny and becomed one of the most famous widely known cartoon characters in USA.

SpongeBob continues to inspire children of all ages and even adults. To this day, he is seen as a role model for many teenagers age 13-25. His family is his father Harold, his mother Margaret, his uncle Sherm, his uncle Blue, his grandfather Grandpa SquarePants, his grandmother Grandma SquarePants, his grandmother Grandma BubbleBottom, his cousin Stanley, his cousin Larry, his cousin BlackJack, and his cousin Todd.

## Role in *SpongeBob SquarePants*
SpongeBob is a yellow sea sponge. He lives in Bikini Bottom, an underwater town. He loves his job as the Krusty Krab's fry cook. He works for Mr. Krabs, who owns the Krusty Krab. His neighbor Squidward Tentacles works at the Krusty Krab as a cashier. SpongeBob like to fish for jellyfish. He plays karate with his friend Sandy Cheeks. He is also good at blowing bubbles.

SpongeBob's best friend is his neighbor Patrick Star. SpongeBob lives in a pineapple that is used as a house. He has a snail as a pet named Gary. Because SpongeBob is very happy, he thinks that everyone else around him is too. For example, he likes to be with Squidward, who does not like SpongeBob. SpongeBob wants to get a driver's license at Mrs. Puff's school for driving. However, he has failed every driving test.
### Antagonistic Side
SpongeBob is known for having an antagonistic side and plays a villainous role in several episodes, mainly due to annoying Squidward and Mrs. Puff.

In "Help Wanted", he flung numerous flying burgers at Patrick, not caring that he attacked his best friend (although this may have not been on purpose).

In "Sandy's Rocket", he caused a helicopter crash prior to the events of the episode, leading to dozens of deaths as shown by graves.

In "CreamBob ConePants", he and Patrick devoured the residents of Pint Bottom, leaving the town deserted.

In "Hall Monitor", he pretended to be the "Open Window Maniac", causing two people to get scared and run away.

In "Demolition Doofus", he crashed into cars two times when Mrs. Puff told him to stop.

In "Atlantis SquarePantis", he made Patrick take a picture of the bubble even though he knew it would get them in trouble.

## References
Fuchsia

***Fuchsia*** is a genus of flowering plants. They are often purplish-red, which is where we get the colour * fuchsia*. 

Fuchsia belongs to the Onagraceae family of flowering plants. Fuchsia has 110 species. It consists mostly of shrubs or small trees. 

The first, *Fuchsia triphylla*, was discovered on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) about 1696–1697. The discoverer was the French monk and botanist, Charles Plumier, during his third expedition to the Greater Antilles. He named the new genus after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566).

## References
Mosaic

and shows Alexander the Great]]
 

**Mosaic** is the art of decorating a surface with pictures and patterns made of little pieces of stone, glass or tiles of different colours. 

Mosaics can be used indoors on walls, floors and ceilings. Mosaics are sometimes used outdoors on pavements.

## Making mosaics
Mosaics are made by setting coloured pieces, called tesserae, into "mortar" (cement) which sets hard and holds the pieces in place. Some mosaics are made of round pebbles, and have only two or three colours. Other mosaics are made of marble. Many mosaics, particularly in Italy, are made of terracotta tiles. (Terracotta is "fired" clay that has been baked in an oven.) Terracotta tiles come in many colours and can be used for colourful pictures as well as patterns. 

Some tiles look as if they are made of pure gold. These tiles are actually made of glass and have a very thin "leaf" of gold stuck to one side. The side with the gold gets put into the mortar. Then the gold can be seen through the glass, but cannot be scratched off.

## History
Mosaics often last for a very long time. There are still plenty of mosaics which were made by the Ancient Romans. They can be seen in Italy, England, France, as well as  other countries that were once part of the Roman Empire. 

Many beautiful mosaics date from the early Christian and Byzantine eras, from about 300 AD to 1400, in Italy, Greece, and other countries. The mosaics in churches usually have pictures which tell Bible stories.

Mosaics were a popular way to decorate churches in Italy in the Medieval period. They were not popular in England, France, Germany and countries of Northern Europe because they preferred to use stained glass windows as decoration. In Italy, the most famous church with its interior decorated with mosaics is St. Mark's Basilica, Venice. At Westminster Cathedral in London, (which is built in an Italian style) the mosaic decoration which was started more than 100 years ago is still continuing, bit by bit. Many of the mosaics at St. Mark's and Westminster Cathedral have gold backgrounds. 

Nowadays mosaics are still used in all sorts of ways. Mosaics are most often used to brighten up public places in cities. Modern mosaics are made of all sorts of materials: mosaic tiles, bathroom tiles, broken roof tiles, broken dishes, broken mirrors, bits of metal and old bricks.

## Gallery

Image:Phrygian Mosaic 3.JPG|An ancient mosaic of pebbles
Image:Li Jiang Guesthouse.jpg|This old guest house in China has a mosaic with a Chinese symbol
Image:Madaba mosaic.jpg|A mosaic map from Jordan 
Image:Christus Ravenna Mosaic.jpg|A Byzantine mosaic from Ravenna, Italy showing gold tiles 
Image:Mosaic Dionysos Massimo.jpg|A pavement from Ancient Rome
Image:Westminster.cathedral.mosaic.london.arp.jpg|A mosaic from c.1900, Westminster Cathedral, London
Image:Primavesi mosaic.JPG|A 20th century mosaic decorating a house in the Czech Republic
Image:Mosaic Borth 01.JPG|A modern mosaic made of bathroom tiles on a pavement in Wales

## Related pages
* Fresco 
* Icon 
* Tempera 
* Oil painting 
* Stained glass 
* Byzantine art
Justice League

The **Justice League** is a fictional DC Comics superhero team. It is sometimes called the **Justice League of America** (**JLA**).

The Justice League first appeared in the comic book *The Brave and the Bold #28* in 1960. The first members were Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Green Lantern, Aquaman, and the Martian Manhunter.

Over time, many other superheroes have been members of the Justice League. Some examples are: Green Arrow, Atom, Hawkman, Black Canary, Captain Marvel, Plastic Man, Elongated Man, Booster Gold and Skeet and The Question. Many other superheroes joined the justice league.

Many different comic book series have featured the Justice League. The current series are Justice League (Volume 4) and Justice League Odessey.

Several television cartoons have also featured the Justice League, such as: *Super Friends*, *Justice League*, and *Justice League Unlimited*.

The Justice League has had many headquarters. These include the Hall of Justice, the Justice League Satellite, and the Justice League Watchtower.

There is a 2017 action-adventure film based on *The Justice League* with the same name. The movie included Batman, Superman, The Flash, Cyborg, Aquaman and Wonder Woman. Another version of the movie, titled ''Zack Snyder's Justice League'', was released in 2021.
Even Stevens

***Even Stevens*** is an American television series about an American family. It is mostly about the fights between a girl named Ren and her brother, Louis. Ren likes doing everything right. Louis likes having fun, even if it means breaking rules and getting in trouble.

## Cast
* Shia LaBeouf as Louis Stevens
* Christy Carlson Romano as Ren Stevens
* Margo Harshman as Tawny Dean
* Nick Spano as Donnie Stevens
* Tom Virtue as Steve Stevens
* Donna Pescow as Eileen Stevens
* A.J. Trauth as Alan Twitty
* Fred Meyers as Tom Gribalski

## Episodes
### Season 1
1. Swap.com

2. Stevens Genes

3. Take My Sister... Please

4. What'll Idol Do?

5. All About Yvette

6. Louis in the Middle

7. Foodzilla

8. Family Picnic

9. Scrub Day

10. Easy Way

11. Secrets and Spies

12. Deep Chocolate

13. After Hours

14. Battle of the Bands

15. Heck of a Hanukkah

16. Luscious Lou

17. Get a Job

18. Movie Madness

19. Strictly Ballroom

20. Almost Perfect

21. A Weak First Week

### Season 2
22. Starstruck

23. Shutterbugged

24. Duck Soup

25. Quest for Coolness

26. Secret World of Girl

28. Thin Ice

29. Head Games

30. Love and Basketball

31. Devil Mountain

32. Wild Child

33. Easy Crier

34. A Very Scary Story

35. Sadie Hawkins Day

36. Sibling Rivalry

37. Wombat Wuv

38. Uncle Chuck

39. The Thomas Gribalski Affair

40. Ren-Gate

41. Tight End in Traction

42. Influenza: The Musical

43. Gutter Queen

### Season 3
44. The Kiss

45. Where in the World is Pookie Stevens?

46. My Best Friend's Girlfriend

47. Your Toast

48. Band on the Roof

49. Little Mr. Sacktown

50. Raiders of the Lost Sasuage

51. Close Encounters of the Beans Kind

52. Short Story

53. Hutch Boy

54. Hardly Famous

55. The King Sloppy

56. Boy on a Rock

57. Dirty Work

58. The Big Splash

59. Beans on the Brain

60. Snow Job

61. Stevens Manor

62. Model Principal

63. Surf's Up

64. In Ren We Trust

65. Leavin' Stevens
Wizards of Waverly Place

***Wizards of Waverly Place*** is a 2007 Disney Channel television series. It is about a family of wizards. The children are Alex Russo, Justin Russo, and Max Russo. They are training as wizards. Only the best wizard in the family gets to keep their powers. Their dad is Jerry Russo. Their mom is Theresa Russo. Alex's best friend is Harper Finkle.

## Cast
### Main Cast
*Selena Gomez - Alex Russo
*David Henrie - Justin Russo
*Jake T. Austin - Max Russo
*Jennifer Stone - Harper Finkle
*Maria Canals Barrera - Theresa Russo
*David DeLuise - Jerry Russo

### Recurring Cast
*Daniel Samonas - Dean Moriarti - 7 Episodes
*Hayley Kiyoko - Stevie Nichols - 4 Episodes
*Andrew Parmelee - Kid - 12 Episodes

## DVD
*Wizards of Waverly Place: Wizard School* is a 4 episode DVD, which was released on July 29, 2008 in the US.

## Notes
## Books
# '''It's All Relative!'* - *You Can't Always Get What You Carpet* & *Alex In The Middle* (July 2008)
# **Haywire** - *Crazy Ten Minute Sale* & *I Almost Drowned In A Chocolate Fountain* (July 2008)
# **Spellbound** - *New Employee* & *Alex's Choice* (September 2008)
# **Top Of The Class** - *Wizard School Part 1* & *Wizard School Part 2* (November 2008)
# **Birthdays and Movies** - *Quincenera* & *Movies* (February 2009)
# **I Almost Blown My Secret** - *Report Card* & *The Supernatural* (February 2009)
# **Spring Out** - *Alex's Spring Fling* & *Art Musueum Piece'' (March 2009)

## Other websites
* Official site
* Behind-the-scenes pictures
*
Christopher Lloyd

**Christopher Allen Lloyd**, who is known professionally as **Chris Lloyd** or **Christopher Lloyd** (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor. He has appeared in theater productions, films, stage, television and video game work since 1961 and is most known for the movies *Back to the Future* (as Doctor Emmett Brown) and *The Addams Family (as Uncle Fester)*, the television programs *Taxi* (as Rev. Jim Ignatowski) and *Cyberchase (as The Hacker)*, and *Piranha 3D (as Mr. Goodman)*.

## Filmography 
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*Another Unofficial Christopher Lloyd Web Site
*Christopher Lloyd at Memory Alpha
Cory in the House

***Cory in the House*** is a 2007 Disney Channel television series. The series is a spin off of ''That's So Raven''. It is about a boy named Cory Baxter who lives in the White House, the residence of the President of the United States. Cory lives in the White House because his dad is the chef. Cory's best friends are Newt and Meena. His rival is Jason. He thinks that Sophie, the President's daughter, is a pest.

## Cast 
*Kyle Massey as Cory Baxter
*Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter
*Jason Dolley as Newt Livingston
*Maiara Walsh as Meena Paroom
*Madison Pettis as Sophie Martinez
*John D'Aquino President Richard Martinez
*Lisa Arch as Samantha Samuels
*Jake Thomas as Jason Stickler

## Episodes 
### Season 1
#The New Kid in Town
#Ain't Miss Bahavian
#Everybody Loves Meena
#We Built This Kitty on Rock 'n' Roll
#Rock the Vote
#Napper's Delight
#Smells Like School Spirit
#Just Desserts
#Bahavian Idol
#Beat the Press
#Mall of Confusion
#Get Smarter
#And the Weenie Is....
#No, No, Nanoosh
#Air Force One Too Many
#That's So in the House
#Gone Wishin
#I Ain't Got No Rhythm
#The Kung Foo Cats Kid
#A Rat By Any Other Name
#Never the Dwayne Shall Meet
### Season 2
#The Presidential Seal
#Through the Roof
#Monster's Ball
#Lip Service
#Who let the Dolls Out
#We Don't Have Chemistry
#Uninvited Pest
#Making the Braid
#Model Behavior
#Sittin' Pretty
#Macho Libre
#Peace, Love, and Misunderstanding
#Mad Songs Pay So Much

## DVDs 
### All Star Edition 
The DVD, *All Star Edition*, was released on August 7, 2007.
#### Episodes 
#Air Force One Too Many
#Just Desserts
#Never The Dwayne Shall Meet
#That's So In the House
#### Special Features 
*Raven In The House; Behind the scenes Of That's So In The House.
*Rock In The House; Behind the scenes of Never The Dwayne Shall Meet.

### Wish Gone Amiss 
*Wish Gone Amiss* released on November 27, 2007. This DVD included three episodes. Each episode was from a different Disney Channel series. The episodes were about the main characters of the series making a wish. The other series included on this DVD were *Hannah Montana* and *The Suite Life of Zack & Cody*.

#### Episodes 
#"Gone Wishin" (Episode 17 of *Cory in the House*)
#"Super Twins" (Episode 69 of *The Suite Life of Zack & Cody*)
#"You Wish You Were the Star" (Episode 38 of *Hannah Montana*)

#### Special features 
*"I Wish I May, I Wish I Might: A Guide to Making Wishes"

## Other websites 
* **Cory in the House** Official Site
* **Cory in the House** Trailers and Music Video
The Buzz on Maggie

***The Buzz on Maggie*** is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and Bardel Entertainment. It is about the daily life of a fly named Maggie Pesky. The show takes place in a city called Stickyfeet, found in a dump. Most of the characters in the show are talking insects. The show had two different stories in each episode. The show was canceled after 21 episodes and 42 segments. The series premiered June 18, 2005 on Disney Channel in the United States and on Teletoon in Canada.

## Cast
* Jessica DiCicco as Maggie Pesky - a teenage fly who wants to be a famous rock star.
* David Kaufman as Aldrin Pesky - Maggie's older brother who likes sports.
* Thom Adcox-Hernandez as Puppet Pesky - Maggie's sweet younger brother.
* Cree Summer as Rayna Cartflight - Maggie's best friend.
* Brian Doyle-Murray as Chauncey Pesky - Maggie's father.
* Susan Tolsky as Frieda Pesky - Maggie's mother.
* Tara Strong as Bella Pesky - Maggie's baby sister who is still a maggot.
* Jeff Bennett as Principal Peststrip - the principal of Buzzdale Academy.
* Tara Strong as Dawn Swatworthy - a mean popular fly at Buzzdale Academy.
* Jeff Bennett as George - Aldrin's best friend.
* Curtis Armstrong as Mr. Cornelius Bugspit - the drama and history teacher at Buzzdale Academy.
* Jess Harnell as Eugene and Wendell - two smart beetles who are twins.
* Laraine Newman as Lacey Ladybug - a rich mean ladybug who thinks they are better than flies.
* Tara Strong as Maria Monarch - a shy monarch butterfly.
* Jess Harnell as Melvin Stinkleton - a stink bug who attends Buzzdale Academy.

## Episodes
# The Flyinator/Ladybugged
# Funball/The Science Whatchamacallit
# The Candidate/Germy
# Lunchlady/Love Stinks
# The Price of Fame/King Flear
# Rottingmuck Ranch/Bella Con Carney
# Bugsitting/Le Termite
# Pieface/The Hangout
# Slumber Party/Spelling Bees
# The Usual Insects/Sister Act
# Hooligans/Scum Bites
# The Big Score/Scare Wars
# Metamorpho Sis/Radio Free Buzzdale
# Those Pesky Roaches/Bugtillion
# Hot For Tutor/Sick Days inc.
# Scout of Order/Ant Mines
# Faking History/Bugs on the Brink
# Training Days/Honey Stripers
# Racooooon!/Best, Best Friends
# Peskys Unclogged/Club Hopping
# Synchronized Flying/Roach Hotel
Green Arrow

**Green Arrow** is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Green Arrow was created by Mort Weisinger and George Papp and first appeared in *More Fun Comics* #73 in 1941. His secret identity is **Oliver Jonas Queen** and his friends call him Ollie. He is a billionaire and once was a mayor of the fictional city Star City.

Green Arrow is a superhero, but lacks any superpowers. He is similar in appearance and abilities to Robin Hood. Green Arrow is an archer who uses his expert skill in archery to fight crime. He wanted to help citizens when he fell off his boat and got stranded on an island. He also is a highly trained martial artist. Green Arrow is blond, dresses all in green, and as a goatee beard.

Green Arrow uses many trick arrows to fight crime plus supervillains. For example, trick arrows include: glue arrows, net arrows, explosive arrows, grappling hook arrows, and boxing-glove arrows.

Since 1970 Green Arrow has usually been written as being explicitly left-wing politically and fighting for social justice.Green Arrow has been a member of the Justice League and the Outsiders.

## Supporting characters 
Green Arrow was romantically linked with Black Canary for many years.

Green Arrow originally had a sidekick, and adopted son, named Speedy. Speedy's real name is Roy Harper. Roy Harper now is the superhero Red Arrow.

Green Arrow also has a biological son named Conner Hawke. When Oliver Queen died, Connor Hawke became Green Arrow. Oliver Queen was later resurrected by Hal Jordan, and retook the role of Green Arrow.

## In other media 
Green Arrow was not initially a well-known character outside of comic book fandom: he had appeared in a single episode of the animated series *Super Friends* in 1973. In the 2000s, the character appeared in a number of DC television properties, including the animated series *Justice League Unlimited*, *Young Justice*, *The Batman* and *Batman: The Brave and the Bold*, and several DC Universe Animated Original Movies. In live action, he appeared in the series *Smallville*, played by actor Justin Hartley, and became a core cast member. In 2012, the live action series *Arrow* debuted on The CW, in which the title character was portrayed by Stephen Amell, and launching several spin-off series, becoming the starting point for a shared television franchise called the Arrowverse.
August Kopff

**August Kopff** (5 February 1882 – 25 April 1960) was a German astronomer who found many comets and asteroids.

He found some comets, such as the periodic comet 22P/Kopff and the non-periodic C/1906 E1.

He found many asteroids, such as the notable Trojan asteroids 617 Patroclus and 624 Hektor.

A crater on the Moon is named after him: see Kopff (crater).
Great Yarmouth

**Great Yarmouth**, often known to locals as **Yarmouth**, is an English coastal town in Norfolk. It is at the mouth of the River Yare.

## References
Aquaman

**Aquaman** is a fictional comic book superhero published by DC Comics. The character was created by Paul Norris and Mort Weisinger and first appeared in *More Fun Comics* #72 in November, 1941.

During the Silver Age of Comic Books, Aquaman was a founding member of the Justice League of America.

Aquaman's comic books are filled with colorful undersea characters and a rich supporting cast, including his mentor Vulko, his powerful wife Mera, and various sidekicks such as Aqualad, Aquagirl, and Dolphin.  Aquaman stories tend to blend high fantasy and science fiction. His villains include his archenemy, Black Manta, and his half-brother, Ocean Master.

## Fictional character biography 
Aquaman is the alias of **Arthur Curry**, who also goes by the Atlantean name **Orin**. Others to use the title of Aquaman include a short-lived human successor, Joseph Curry; his protégé Jackson Hyde; and the mysterious Adam Waterman, who was briefly active during World War II.

Aquaman's biography and origin has been reinvented several times since 1941. The best-known version of Aquaman, developed in the “Silver Age” of comic books in the 1950s and '60s, is the son of a lighthouse keeper and an Atlantean outcast. In 1964 he became one of the first superheroes to get married when he wed the undersea queen Mera.

## Powers and abilities 
Aquaman has several superhuman powers. He can breathe underwater and swim at very high speeds. Aquaman has super strength and is very hard to injure. Aquaman's most famous ability is to communicate and command marine animals.

## In other media 
Aquaman has appeared in several cartoon series, such as the Super Friends, and also in the live-action TV series *Smallville*, with Superman. Jason Momoa played Aquaman in the 2016 movie *Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice*, the 2017 movie *Justice League*, the 2018 movie *Aquaman,* the 2021 movie ''Zack Snyder's Justice League,* and the 2023 movie *Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom''.
S/2004 S 4

'''''' is the designation of an object that astronomers do not know for sure if it exists seen orbiting Saturn within the closer part of the F ring on 21 June, 2004. It was seen while J. N. Spitale was trying to confirm the orbit of another object,  that was seen 5 hours earlier just on the farther edge of the F ring.

Even though astronomers tried to find it again, it has not been reliably seen since. Notably, an imaging sequence covering an entire orbital period at 4&nbsp;km resolution taken on 15 November, 2004 failed to find the object. This suggests that it was a clump of material that had disappeared by that time.

An interpretation where S3 and S4 are or were a single object on a F-ring crossing orbit is also possible. Such an object might also be orbiting at a bit different inclination to the F ring, thereby not actually passing through the ring material even though it was being seen both radially inward and outward of it.

If a solid object after all,  would be 3−5&nbsp;km in diameter based on brightness.

## References
S/2004 S 6

'''''' is the designation of a dusty object seen orbiting Saturn very close to the F ring. It is not clear whether it is only a clump of dust, or if there is a solid small moon at its core.

It was first seen by scientists in pictures taken by the Cassini-Huygens probe on October 28, 2004, and announced on 8 November that year. It appears to be the best tracked object in this area with at least five possible sightings in the period till late 2005. In comparison, two objects in the F ring's area ( and ) that were first seen months earlier have not been found again. An imaging sequence covering an entire orbital period at 4&nbsp;km resolution taken on 15 November 2004, soon after it was discovered did not find the object, while it has been seen again later. The lighting conditions in 's part of the orbit were different during these two sightings. The discovery was made when the area was strongly backlit by the sun.  's visibility may be primarily due to a diffuse cloud of fine dust that is much brighter in forward scattered light (the conditions of the discovery image), and that the solid core (if any) is small.

The dusty halo seen in pictures is big, being around 2000&nbsp;km in length. The solid object, if any, would be no bigger than 3−5&nbsp;km in diameter based on brightness.

## References
Joel Hastings Metcalf

**Joel Hastings Metcalf** (January 4, 1866–February 23, 1925) was an American astronomer.

Metcalf graduated from Harvard Divinity School in 1892. He served as a Unitarian minister in Burlington, Vermont and then later in Taunton, Massachusetts, Winchester, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine.

He found or co-found many comets, such as 23P/Brorsen-Metcalf and 97P/Metcalf-Brewington; he also found many asteroids.

## Other websites
* Joel H. Metcalf "home page"
Gräfendorf

**Gräfendorf** is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Gemünden am Main.

## Geography
### Location
Gräfendorf is in the Würzburg Region near Gemünden am Main.

### Constituent communities
The community has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas) and *Ortsteile*: Gräfendorf, Michelau an der Saale, Schonderfeld, Weickersgrüben, Wolfsmünster.

## References
John A. Macdonald

**Sir John Alexander Macdonald**  (January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first and third Prime Minister of Canada. He was an important influence on the Canadian Confederation, July 1, 1867. Macdonald was in office from 1867 to 1873 and again from 1878 to 1891, making him the second longest-serving Prime Minister of Canada (after William Lyon Mackenzie King) and the only one to win six majority governments.

One of the things Macdonald wanted to do was to build a transcontinental railway that would link Canada from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. That railway, called the Canadian Pacific Railway, was completed in 1885.

He is also criticized for taxing every Chinese person trying to get in Canada, and for doing things that hurt indigenous people in Canada.

Macdonald did not speak French as well as the Prime Ministers who came after him. He could speak Scottish Gaelic and a bit of Latin.

Macdonald had four siblings. He was the third of five children.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Face-to-Face - The Canadian Personalities Hall
* John A. Macdonald: Architect of Modern Canada
* John A. Macdonald, Confederation and Canadian Federalism 
* Biography at the *Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online*
* "Sir John A. Macdonald, Freemason" 
* Synopsis of federal political experience from the Library of Parliament 
* Image of The Jamaica with Sir and Lady Macdonald aboard 
* John Macdonald's Gravesite
* *Correspondence of Sir John Macdonald; selections from the correspondence of the Right Honorable Sir John Alexander Macdonald, first Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada, made by his literary executor Sir Joseph Pope* (1921)
* 
* *Dictionary of Canadian Biography* article by J. K. Johnson and P. B. Waite
* The John A. Macdonald Portal, edited by Alastair Sweeny
Eric Maskin

**Eric Stark Maskin** (born December 12, 1950) is an American economist. In 2007, he won the Nobel Prize in Economics with Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson. He is the Albert O. Hirschman Professor of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study, and a visiting Professor at Princeton University.

## Life story
Maskin was born in New York City, New York on December 12, 1950, to a non-religious Jewish family, and grew up in Alpine, New Jersey. He graduated from Tenafly High School in Tenafly, New Jersey in 1968, and then studied at Harvard University where he received his A.B. and Ph.D. After he got his Ph.D., Maskin went to the University of Cambridge in 1976 where he was a research fellow at Cambridge College.  He taught at Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1977-1984 and from 1985-2000 at Harvard, where he was the Louis Berkman Professor of Economics. In 2000, he moved to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.

He has studied a wide range of subjects in economic theory, such as game theory, the economics of incentives, and contract theory. He is particularly well known for his work on mechanism design/implementation theory and dynamic games.  His current research projects include comparing different rules for elections, the causes of  and studying coalition formation. He is a Fellow of the *American Academy of Arts and Sciences*, *Econometric Society*, and the *European Economic Association*, and a Corresponding Fellow of the *British Academy*. He was president of the *Econometric Society* in 2003.

## Software patents 
Maskin suggested that software patents make new inventions difficult. Software, semiconductor, and computer industries have made many inventions in the past when patent laws have been weak, he argued. "In the 1980s when patent protection was extended to software," wrote Maskin. "Arguments predicted that productivity should have increased among patenting firms."  Maskins ideas that this would not happen were correct. "These increases did not occur." 

## References 
## Other websites 
*Webpage from *Institute for Advanced Study, School of Social Science* 
*Profile in The Daily Princetonian 
*Nash Equilibrium and Welfare Optimality 
*
Kaunas

**Kaunas**, also known by several other names, is the second biggest city in Lithuania and used to be a  capital. Kaunas is found at the point where the two biggest Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris, meet. It is also near the Kaunas Lagoon, the largest body of water in Lithuania.

## History 
In 1361, Kaunas was first mentioned in annals of the Teutonic Knights. The knights were preparing to attack Kaunas Castle.

In 1408, Vytautas the Great gave the city Magdeburg Rights.

## References
Wizard

the Wanderer, with large hat, flowing beard, cloak and staff.|alt=Odin the Wanderer]]
, a character from the *Harry Potter* series]]
A **wizard**, **magician**, **sorcerer** or **sorceress** is a fictional or mythical person who uses magic. This ability to use magic may be due to innate ability, training, or both. Wizards are often depicted as having a special connection to supernatural beings, such as gods or fairies, or as such supernatural beings themselves.

Merlin from the Arthurian legends is one of the most well-known wizard characters.

Wizards have been portrayed as both evil and good. Dumbledore (from the *Harry Potter* series) and Gandalf (from Tolkien's Middle Earth) are fictional examples of "good" wizards. Voldemort and Saruman are corresponding examples of "evil" wizards.

## Appearance 
Wizards are often depicted as old men with long, flowing beards, and wearing a large-brimmed hat, a thick cloak and holding a staff. This may be due to descriptions of Odin the Wanderer, a god from Norse mythology who often disguised himself thus, in order to pass through the lands of men unnoticed.

Wizards, when they are named thus, are almost always portrayed as male, but some fictional or mythical female characters seem to play the same role, sometimes as a foil character to a male wizard or other character. Notable examples include Morgan le Fay from Arthurian legends, and Circe from Greek mythology.

Nowadays, the term "wizard" is also used for someone whose accomplishments are due to unusual skill or creativity. Thomas Edison, the noted American inventor, was nicknamed "the Wizard of Menlo Park."

## Related pages
*Witch
*Witchcraft
Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters

**Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters** (September 19, 1813 – July 18, 1890) was a German-American astronomer, and one of the first to find asteroids. 

He was born in Schleswig-Holstein, then part of Denmark but later part of Germany, and later studied under Carl Friedrich Gauss. He spoke many languages and spent time in Italy and Ottoman Turkey before going to the United States in 1854.

Working at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York (near Utica), he was a good finder of asteroids, finding 48 of them, beginning with 72 Feronia in 1861 and ending with 287 Nephthys in 1889.

He was involved in litigation in 1889 with his old assistant Charles A. Borst, and the "Great Star-Catalog Case" *Peters v. Borst* went before the Supreme Court of New York. The judge sided with Peters, but many astronomers and newspapers sided with Borst. Peters died not long after the trial end. After his death, the judgement was ultimately reversed on appeal and a new trial was ordered, but it never took place.

Besides asteroids, he co-found the Periodic comet 80P/Peters-Hartley, and also found different nebulae and galaxies.

## Other websites
* Biography
Roger Myerson

**Roger Bruce Myerson** (born 29 March 1951) is an American economist and co-winner, with Leonid Hurwicz and Eric Maskin, of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory." He has made contributions as an economist, as an applied mathematician, and as a political scientist.

## Biography
Roger Myerson was born on March 29, 1951 to a Jewish family. He attended Harvard University, where he received his A.B., S.M. (1973), and Ph.D. (1976), all in applied mathematics. From 1976 to 2001, he was a professor of economics at Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management. Currently, he is the Glen A. Lloyd Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago.

## Contributions 
Among his scientific contributions to game theory and mechanism design, the following are noteworthy:
* "Graphs and Cooperation in Games," *Mathematics of Operations Research* 2 (1977), 225-229.
* "Two-Person Bargaining Problems and Comparable Utility," *Econometrica* 45 (1977), 1631-1637.
* "Refinements of the Nash Equilibrium Concept," *International Journal of Game Theory* 7 (1978), 73-80.
* "Incentive Compatibility and the Bargaining Problem," *Econometrica* 47 (1979), 61-73.
* "Optimal Auction Design," *Mathematics of Operations Research* 6 (1981), 58-73.
* "Mechanism Design by an Informed Principal," *Econometrica* 51 (1983), 1767-1797.
* "Two-Person Bargaining Problems with Incomplete Information," *Econometrica* 52 (1984), 461-487.
* "Bayesian Equilibrium and Incentive Compatibility," in *Social Goals and Social Organization*, edited by L. Hurwicz, D. Schmeidler, and Hugo Sonnenschein, Cambridge University Press (1985), 229-259.

He wrote a general textbook on game theory in 1991, and has also written on the history of game theory, including his review of the origins and significance of noncooperative game theory.

Myerson has worked on economic analysis of political institutions and written several major survey papers:
* "Analysis of Democratic Institutions: Structure, Conduct, and Performance," Journal of Economic Perspectives 9:1 (1995), 77-89.
* "Economic Analysis of Political Institutions: An Introduction,"  Advances in Economic Theory and Econometrics: Theory and Applications, volume 1, edited by D. Kreps and K. Wallis (Cambridge University Press, 1997), pages 46–65.
* "Theoretical Comparisons of Electoral Systems," European Economic Review 43 (1999), 671-697.

His recent work on democratization has raised critical questions about American policy in occupied Iraq.

## Books by Professor Myerson
Myerson has published the following books:
* *Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict*, Harvard University Press, 1991.
* *Probability Models for Economic Decisions*, Duxbury Press, 2005.

## References
## Other websites 
*Webpage at the University of Chicago
*ABC News Chicago video interview
*The scientific background to the 2007 Nobel prize: Mechanism Design Theory
Flanimals

***Flanimals*** is a children's and adults' book written by comedian Ricky Gervais. The book was illustrated by Rob Steen. It has 35 different characters described as species of animal which form an imaginary world.

## Other websites 
* Official site 
* Pictures from the book in the BBC website
* *Flanimals* on Ricky Gervais's site
* *Flanimals* on Rob Steen's site 
* Faber and Faber  - UK publisher of all the 'Flanimals' books
* Flanimals on MySpace
World Games

sculpture made for the 2017 World Games]]
The **World Games** are an international multi-sport event. The sports played at The World Games are sports which are not played in the Olympic Games. They are governed by the International World Games Association.

The first World Games were held in 1981 in Santa Clara, California. Since then, they are held every four years, the year after the Summer Olympics.

## Official sports and disciplines 
42 sports are part of The World Games. There are many disciplines for some sports. Not all of the sports are played at every World Games event.

## References
Trolleybus

Solaris trolleybus in Landskrona, Sweden]]

  low floor Trolleybus in Vancouver]]

A **trolleybus** (also known as **trolley bus**, **trolley coach**, **trackless trolley**, **trackless tram** or simply **trolley**) is a bus which runs on electricity. It gets its power for the electric motors that drive the wheels from a pair of power lines above the street.

On the roof of the bus are two "trolley poles" from which electric current flows between the wires and the bus. One wire is for the positive current and the other is for the negative (return) current.

Because trolleybuses do not usually have engines which burn diesel or other fossil fuels, they are much cleaner and quieter than "normal" buses. They also do not use tracks, so they are more flexible than trams. However, most of these buses can only go where the wires go. Some are made as a hybrid vehicle, or with a battery so they can go a short distance on ordinary roads.

Trolleybuses cost more money to make than other types of buses, so there are not many companies that build this type of bus. Some of these companies are:
*VanHool
*MAN
*Hess
*Solaris
* Škoda Electric
*Neoplan
*Volvo
Van Hool

**Van Hool** is a Belgian company, which builds buses. It was founded in 1947 by Bernard Van Hool.

The headquarters are in Koningshooikt (Antwerp).

They have got 15 different buses for the city. 9 of them have got a normal engine, 4 have got an engine that works with gas, and 2 buses have got an electric engine, they are called Trolleybus.
List of all types of Low-Floor-Bus (Citybus):
*A 308
*A 320
*A 300
*A 360
*A 330
*AG 300
*AG 500
*AGG 300

*A 300 CNG (gas engine)
*A 320 CNG (gas engine)
*A 330 CNG (gas engine)
*AG 300 CNG (gas engine)

*A 300 T (Trolleybus)

*AG 300 T (Trolleybus)

Also they have got 13 different kinds of coachbuses.
List of all types of coachbuses:
*913 CL
*915 CL
*915 TL
*T 911 Alicron
*T 915 Alicron
*T 915 Acron
*T 917 Acron
*T 917 Astron
*T 916 Altano
*T 917 Altano
*T 918 Altano
*TD 924 Astromega
*TD 927 Astromega

## References
## Other websites 
*
Warp drive

**Warp drive** (also called **warp technology**) is a hypothetical technology created in science fiction. As far as we know, it does nor exist. Its invention allowed writing books and making television and film media. 

If it takes centuries or thousands of years to get anywhere in space, then the limitations of human life becomes an obstacle.  That's even assuming we could travel without humans being riddled with holes by radiation of various kinds. We are so protected on planet Earth that we forget what it's like in deep space, which is flooded with radiation.

So warp drive is invented, and so is its cousin wormholes in space. *There are no wormholes*, or if they exist, we don't know it.

Warp drive and wormholes are the inventions of smart guys who make media. It is a way of moving objects faster than the speed of light. There are many examples of how this idea is used. A well-known one is found in the *Star Trek* universe, where faster-than-light travel is needed to tell the story.

Current technology does not allow anything or anyone to go at, or faster than, the speed of light. Unless the current theories are proven wrong, this will always be true. However, warp technology as a fictional idea has been an interesting way of shaping the story line to let spaceships move at speeds greater than 186,000 miles per second (speed of light through a vacuum: the known limit of speed in the universe).

Warp technology, as the name implies, 'warps space' in effect bringing a destination closer by bending space rather than the traditional 'thruster' means of propelling a spacecraft at high speeds.

Warp technology allows ships to move at **warp speed**. In the *Star Trek* universe, for example, the measurement of the speed that the spaceship is moving is called the **warp factor**. However, thrusters and impulse power propel spaceships at sub-light speed. Warp factor 1 is equal to the speed of light. The speed ranges up to warp factor 9.99. In some circumstances *Star Trek* spaceships can go faster than warp 10, although rarely.

Most of that is pure science fiction, and no evidence has been produced of any "warp drive".

In the field of quantum mechanics physicists have produced tiny wormholes, but they don't warp space time in the same way the "warp drive" concept does, rather they connect two separate points of spacetime through quantum entanglement.

## References
Haripur

**Haripur** can be any of the following:

* Haripur, Pakistan - main town in Haripur district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
* Haripur District  - district in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
* Haripur, Bardhaman- town in Asansol subdivision of Bardhaman District of West Bengal, India