open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Byron Dobell

**Byron Dobell** (May 30, 1927 &ndash; January 21, 2017) was an American writer, editor, and artist. 

Dobell was born in New York City. He studied at Columbia University earning his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1947.

He is call as "one of the most respected and accomplished editors in New York magazine publishing history". He was the editor of several popular American magazines, including *American Heritage* and *Esquire*. He is known for helping the early careers of many writers such as Tom Wolfe, David Halberstam and Mario Puzo.  

In 1998, Dobell was inducted into the American Society of Magazine Editors Hall of Fame.

Dobell died in New York City on January 21, 2017 from complications of Parkinson's disease, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Leslie Koo

**Leslie Koo Cheng-yun** (; 28 November 1954 – 23 January 2017) was a Taiwanese business executive and billionaire. He served as Chairman of Taiwan Cement Corporation until his death in 2017. He was the second son of famous businessman and diplomat Koo Chen-fu. He was a member of the Lukang Koo clan, one of the five wealthiest families of Taiwan.

Koo died from a cerebral hemorrhage after falling from a flight of stairs in Taipei on 23 January 2017, aged 62.

## References
Tom Wolfe

**Thomas Kennerly** "**Tom**" **Wolfe, Jr.** (March 2, 1930 &ndash; May 14, 2018) was an American author and journalist. He was born in Richmond, Virginia.

Wolfe best known for his work with and influence over the New Journalism literary movement. He began his career as a regional newspaper reporter in the 1950s, but achieved national fame in the 1960s following the publication of such best-selling books as *The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test* and two collections of articles and essays, *Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers* and *The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby*.

His first novel, *The Bonfire of the Vanities*, published in 1987, was met with critical acclaim, became a commercial success, and was adapted as a major movie (directed by Brian De Palma).

Wolfe died in New York City on May 14, 2018 of an infection at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Tom Wolfe papers, 1930-2013, held by the Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library.
*
* Article about Wolfe's recent public appearance at the Chicago Public Library from fNews (a publication of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago)
Nigel Rodley

Sir **Nigel Simon Rodley** (1 December 1941 &ndash; 25 January 2017) was a British human rights activist, lawyer and professor. He was a member of the United Nations Human Rights Committee. He was also a commissioner for the International Commission of Jurists. He held academic positions at the University of Essex and the London School of Economics.

He was of Jewish descent.

Rodley died after a short illness on 25 January 2017 in Colchester, at the age of 75.

## References
Fondation IONIS

The **Fondation IONIS** (IONIS Foundation) is an non-profit organization created by IONIS Education Group, the first educational group in France.
It is to promote research and social diversity in France and in other countries.
For example, it can be giving scholarship. The Foundation is under the *Fondation de France*.

## References 
## Further reading 
* Fondation IONIS
Gil Ray

**George Gilbert** "**Gil**" **Ray** (September 17, 1956 – January 24, 2017) was an American rock drummer, guitarist, and singer. He is known as a member of the bands Game Theory and The Loud Family with Scott Miller. He was born in Charlotte, North Carolina. He moved to San Francisco, California in 1982.

Ray died of cancer on January 24, 2017, at the age of 60.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Alexander Kadakin

**Alexander Mikhailovich Kadakin** (; 22 July 1949 &ndash; 26 January 2017) was a Russian diplomat. He served as the Russian Ambassador to India twice: from 1999 and 2004, and again from 2009 until his death in 2017. He was also the Russian Ambassador to Nepal (1993&ndash;1997) and Sweden (2005&ndash;2009). He was born in Chișinău, USSR (now Moldova) to Russian parents.

Kadakin died from heart failure on 26 January 2017 in New Delhi. He was 67.

## References
Katja of Sweden

**Katja Ingergard Geiger** (born **Karin Ingegerd Hallberg**; 12 January 1920 &ndash; 25 January 2017), better known as **Katja of Sweden**, was a Swedish fashion designer.

## References
Lauben

**Lauben** is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor has been Berthold Ziegler since 2002.
 at Lauben]]

## References
Siamogale melilutra

***Siamogale melilutra*** was an extinct species of giant otter. It is from the late Miocene epoch, from Yunnan province, China. The skull has a combination of otter-like and badger-like cranial features. *Siamogale melilutra* was about the size of a wolf. It was estimated to about .

## References
Drumchapel

**Drumchapel** is a part of Glasgow, Scotland. It became part of Glasgow in 1938. Drumchapel did not get its first shopping centre until the early 1960s. Local residents call it "The Drum". 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Drumchapel Life... Changing Faces; YouTube
2017 Women's March

The '''2017 Women's March** was a global demonstration on 21-22 January 2017. It was in response to the first inauguration of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States of America. The **Women's March on Washington''' was said to have seen an attendance of over 470,000 people in Washington alone, which was 3 times more than president Trump's inauguration. This demonstration spanned 7 continents, including Antarctica.
Harry Mathews

**Harry Mathews** (February 14, 1930 &ndash; January 25, 2017) was an American author of short fiction, poet, translator and essayist. He was also a translator of French. He sometimes wrote essays and fiction in the French language. In 1961 and 1962 he wrote articles for the *Locus Solus*. Mathews is best known for his novels *The Conversions* (1962) and *My Life in CIA* (2005). 

Mathews was born in New York City. He was raised in Massachusetts. He studied at Princeton University and at Harvard University. In 1949 he eloped with his childhood friend and artist Niki de Saint Phalle. After having two children together, they separated in 1960. He later married Marie Chaix. Their marriage would last until Mathews' death in 2017.

Mathews died on January 25, 2017 at his home in Key West, Florida from natural causes, aged 86.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
*An Interview with John Ash 
*A Conversation with Harry Mathews. By John Ashbery 
*Composing: Harry Mathews' Words & Worlds 
*Harry Mathews / bibliographie
Niki de Saint Phalle

**Niki de Saint Phalle** (**Catherine-Marie-Agnès Fal de Saint Phalle**, 29 October 1930 &ndash; 21 May 2002) was a French sculptor, painter, and filmmaker. She was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France. 

Saint Phalle created a series of works in the early 1960s called *Tirs* ("Shots"). These pieces of art included polythene bags of paint in human forms covered in white plaster. After this, Saint Phalle, made life-size dolls of women, such as brides and mothers giving birth. They were primarily made of plaster over a wire framework and plastic toys, then painted all white.

In 1949, Saint Phalle eloped with her childhood friend and American writer Harry Mathews. They had two children. They separated in 1960. 

Saint Phalle died on 21 May 2002 in San Diego, California from emphysema, aged 71.

## References
Angelino Alfano

**Angelino Alfano** (; born 31 October 1970) is an Italian politician. He served in the government of Italy as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018.

## Career
Alfano was also Minister of the Interior from 28 April 2013 to 12 December 2016, serving in the governments of Matteo Renzi and Enrico Letta; from 2013 to 2014. He held the office of Deputy Prime Minister of Italy, as part of the Letta Cabinet, and previously served as Minister of Justice from 2008 to 2011 as part of the Silvio Berlusconi Cabinet. He was the first and only secretary of the centre-right party The People of Freedom (PdL) from 2011 to 2013.

In November 2013 he became leader of the New Centre-Right party which is a split from the PdL.

## Personal life
He is married to Tiziana Miceli, a civil lawyer. They have two sons.

## References
## Other websites
Bernard Cazeneuve

**Bernard Cazeneuve** (born 2 June 1963) is a French Socialist politician. He was Prime Minister of France from December 2016 to May 2017. He was born in Senlis, Oise.

## Career
In 2012, he was appointed Minister of State for European Affairs and in 2013 was named Minister of State for the Budget in the second term of the Jean-Marc Ayrault government.

On 2 April 2014 he was appointed the 42nd Minister of the Interior in the Manuel Valls Government. On 6 December 2016, Cazeneuve was appointed Prime Minister after Valls resigned to concentrate on the upcoming presidential election.

## Personal life
Cazeneuve has a wife, Véronique, and two children. The couple divorced and remarried on August 12, 2015.

## References
## Other websites
Jack Mendelsohn

**Jack Mendelsohn** (November 8, 1926 &ndash; January 25, 2017) was an American writer-artist. He worked in animation, comic strips and comic books. He was an Emmy-nominated television comedy writer and story editor. He had many credits as a TV scripter, including ''Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In*, *Three's Company*, *The Carol Burnett Show* and *Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles*. 

Among his work for feature movies, he was a co-screenwriter of *Yellow Submarine'' (1968). In 2004, the Animation Writers Caucus of the Writers Guild gave him a Lifetime Achievement Award.

Mendelsohn was born in Brooklyn, New York. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. Mendelsohn died of lung cancer on the evening of January 25, 2017, aged 90.

## References
Azerbaijan Basketball Federation

**Azerbaijan Basketball Federation** (), also known as **ABF**, is the national governing body of basketball in Azerbaijan.

## Other websites 
*
Tam Dalyell

**Sir Thomas Dalyell of the Binns, 11th Baronet** (9 August 1932 – 26 January 2017), known as **Tam Dalyell** ( ), was a Scottish Labour Party politician and writer. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. 

He was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons from 1962 to 2005. He represented West Lothian from 1962 to 1983, then Linlithgow from 1983 to 2005. He is particularly well known for his creating of what came to be known as the "West Lothian question", on whether non-English MPs should be able to vote upon English-only matters after political devolution.

Dalyell died at age 84 after a short illness.

## References
## Other websites
* Tam Dalyell to step down at 2005 election
* BBC NEWS | Politics | Tam Dalyell
* Tam Dalyell – the longest serving MP
* Tam Dalyell, former MP Linlithgow
River Edge, New Jersey

**River Edge** is a town in Bergen County, New Jersey. The population was 12,049 as of 2020.

## References
Robert Garcia (New York politician)

**Robert** "**Bob**" **Garcia** (January 9, 1933 &ndash; January 25, 2017) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1978 to 1990. Before this, he served in the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

Garcia was born in Bronx, New York. His parents were from Puerto Rico. He had three children.

Garcia died from an infection due to his emphysema on January 25, 2017 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He was 84.

## References
Ralph Guglielmi

**Ralph Vincent Guglielmi** (June 26, 1933 – January 23, 2017) was an American football player. He played as a quarterback. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins, St. Louis Cardinals, New York Giants and the Philadelphia Eagles.

Guglielmi was born in Columbus, Ohio. He died on January 23, 2017 in Wallace, North Carolina, aged 83.

## References
Missen-Wilhams

**Missen-Wilhams** is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria. Originnaly, there were two municipalities, *Missen* and *Wilhams.* On January 1, 1959, they combined to form *Missen-Wilhams*.

## Gallery 

File:Missen-Wilhams - Missen - Auf der Farm - Missen 1.JPG|Missen in winter
File:Börlas, kapel 2009-05-31 11.55.JPG|Börlas, chapel
File:Missen, kerk foto2 2009-05-31 12.19.JPG|Missen, church
File:Missen-Wilhams - Ochsenberg - Missen v W.JPG|Missen from the Ochsenberg

## References
Robert Folsom

**Robert** "**Bob**" **Folsom** (February 15, 1927 &ndash; January 24, 2017) was an American politician and real estate developer. He served as the Mayor of Dallas, Texas from 1976 until 1981. He graduated from the Southern Methodist University. He was born in Dallas.

Folsom died from natural causes on January 24, 2017 at his home in Dallas. He was 89.

## References
Billy Simpson

**William J.** "**Billy**" **Simpson** (12 December 1929 &ndash; 27 January 2017) was a Northern Irish footballer. He played as a centre forward professionally from 1946 to 1961. He played for Linfield, Rangers, Stirling Albion, Partick Thistle, Oxford United and the Northern Ireland national team. He was born in Belfast.

Simpson died on 27 January 2017 in Glasgow, Scotland at the age of 87.

## References
Rory McIlroy

**Rory McIlroy**,  (born 4 May 1989) is a Northern Irish professional golfer. He won the U.S. Open in 2011, The Open Championship in 2014 and the PGA Championship in 2012 and 2014. He was World Number 1 golfer for a total of 95 weeks between 2012 and 2015.

McIlroy was born in Holywood, County Down. He was engaged to Danish tennis player Caroline Wozniacki until their relationship ended in 2014.

## Other websites
*
*
*
*
Banggai cardinalfish

**Banggai cardinalfish** (*Pterapogon kauderni*) (also known as the '''Kaudern's cardinalfish''') is a cardinalfish native to the Banggai Islands in Indonesia.
It has small bright silver  and black vertical s on a gray body.

## References
Ofterschwang

**Ofterschwang** is a municipality in Oberallgäu, in Bavaria, Germany. It is a winter sports venue. It is often used for Alpine skiing World Cup events. It is found west of Sonthofen, but east of the Austrian border. Between 1988 and 2008 Ofterschwang grew by 577 people. Ofterschwang was awarded the *ADAC Tourism Prize* by ADAC in 2010.

## References
Valery Bolotov

**Valery Dmitrievitch Bolotov** (, ; 13 February 1970 &ndash; 27 January 2017) was a Ukrainian pro-Russian militant leader. He was known for his actions in the Donbas War in eastern Ukraine. He served as the leader of the unrecognised state Luhansk People's Republic from May to August 2014. He was born in Taganrog, Rostov Oblast.

Bolotov died on 27 January 2017 in Moscow Oblast at the age of 46.

## References
Bimba Bosé

**Eleonora Salvatore González** (1 October 1975 &ndash; 23 January 2017), better known as **Bimba Bosé**, was an Italian-born Spanish model, actress and singer. In 2007, she recorded "Como un Lobo" with her uncle Miguel Bosé. She was also a runway model in London, Paris, New York City and Milan for designers such as Miguel Adrover, John Galliano and Yohji Yamamoto. She was born in Rome. Her grandmother was Lucia Bosè.

Bosé died from breast cancer on 23 January 2017 in Madrid. She was 41.

## Filmography
* *El cónsul de Sodoma* (2010)
* *Run a way* (2012)
* *La que se avecina* (2014)
* *Julieta* (2016)
* *Levántate All Stars*  (2016)

## References
## Other websites
*
Oy-Mittelberg

**Oy-Mittelberg** is a municipality in the rural district Oberallgäu in Bavaria/Germany. Oy-Mittelberg is in the foothills of the Allgäu Alps. Since 2005 the mayor has been Theo Haslach.
File:Oy-Mittelberg - Mittelberg - Kirche v NW, Nebelmeer, Rau (1).JPG|Mittelberg Church
File:Oy 1.jpg|Oy-Mittelberg

## References
Andrew Telegdi

**Andrew Telegdi**, PC (**András Telegdi**; May 28, 1946 &ndash; January 23, 2017) was a Hungarian-born Canadian politician.  He was a Liberal Member of Parliament in the Canadian House of Commons from 1993 to 2008, representing Waterloo and the successor riding of Kitchener—Waterloo.

In 2014, Telgedi ran and lost in the 2014 Waterloo Regional Elections.  He came in third place to become one of two councillors for Waterloo on the Waterloo Regional Council.

Telegdi was born in Budapest, Hungary. He studied at the University of Waterloo in the 1970s. Telegdi died on January 23, 2017 in Waterloo, Ontario, aged 70.

## References
Bob Fosse

in the musical *Pal Joey* (1963)]]
**Bob Fosse** (June 23, 1927 – September 23, 1987) was an American dancer, actor and movie director. He won eight Tony Awards.
Dylan McDermott

**Dylan McDermott** is an American actor from Connecticut. He is best known for his role on *The Practice* which won him a Golden Globe award.
Painted lady

The **painted lady** is a butterfly in the  ***Cynthia*** group of colourful butterflies. It is a relative of the red admiral butterfly. 

The painted lady is a subgenus of the genus *Vanessa* in the family Nymphalidae. They occur in most of the world.

They are migratory. Starting in early spring, they journey from Africa to Europe to the United Kingdom and eventually the Arctic Circle. The journey is about 7,500 miles. They travel at up to 30 miles per hour. Their caterpillars feed on many different plants. In the UK their caterpillars may feed on thistles.

The lifespan of a painted lady imago (adult) is only about 2/3 weeks. Its function is dispersal and reproduction. The caterpillar's job is eating and transforming itself into the adult form.

## References
Northeast Italy

**Northeast Italy** ( or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a NUTS1 level region.

## Geography
Northeast Italy borders to the north with Switzerland and Austria; to the east with Slovenia; to the south with Liguria (Northwest Italy), Tuscany (Central Italy), Marche (Central Italy) and San Marino; and to the west with Lombardy (Northwest Italy) and, for a very short distance, with Piedmont (Northwest Italy).

Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto have a coast in the Adriatic Sea

The Alps are in the northern part of the region and the northern Apennines in the south. The highest point, in the region, is Ortles (), in the Alps (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol); it is  high.

Northeast Italy has the most part of the valley of the Po river (). The Po is the longest river of Northeast Italy and of Italy.

## Regions
Central Italy encompasses four of the 20 regions of Italy, including 36 provinces and 934  comuniː

The 10 *comuni* with more people living in them areː

## Related pages
* NUTS level 1:
** Northwest Italy
** **Northeast Italy**
** Central Italy
** South Italy
** Insular Italy
* Northern Italy
* Southern Italy

## References
Cupbearer

A **cupbearer** is traditionally the person who fills the cups and serves the wine. In a medieval court (royal), the cupbearer brought his lord's ale or wine and tasted it to make sure it was not poisoned. The cupbearer was often a person of high rank. It was a distinct honor to be a cupbearer to a king. In the Bible, Nehemiah was cupbearer to the Artaxerxes I of Persia.

## References
Liao dynasty

The **Liao dynasty**, also called **Khitan empire**, was an empire in Asia. It was formed by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people after the fall of the Tang Dynasty. They ruled from 907 AD to about 1125. It was originally called the "Qidan Kingdom" until about 947. Its capital was the present day Bairin Left Banner in Inner Mongolia. Its territory included parts of Northern China, middle Mongolia, and Tianjin and 
Hebei to the south.

## Emperors 
# Liao Taizu (907–926)
# Liao Taizong (926–947)
# Liao Shizong (947–951)
# Liao Muzong (951–969)
# Liao Jingzong (969–982)
# Liao Shengzong (983–1031)
# Liao Xingzong (1031–1055)
# Liao Daozong (1055–1101)
# Tianzuo Di (1101–1125) 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Mongolian history and culture - Khitan empire
Iran Standard Time

.]]
**Iran Standard Time (IRST),** also called **Iran Time (IRT),** is a time zone used in Iran. The standard time is 3.5 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+03:30). During its daylight saving time (DST), it used **Iran Daylight Time (IRDT)**, which was 4.5 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+04:30), but however, from 2006 to 2007, IRDT was not used in Iran, but was re-introduced on March 21, 2008. On September 21, 2022, Iran abolished daylight saving time and now observes standard time the entire year.

## Daylight saving dates for Iran 
Before it was ended in 2022, daylight saving time (DST) started on March 21 or 22 (Farvardin) and ended on September 21-22 (Shahrivar).

## References
Čelinac

**Čelinac** () is a town and municipality in Central Bosnia, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The municipality lies  about  to the east of the regional center,  city of Banja Luka.

It is located on Vrbanja river, between municipalities of Laktaši and Prnjavor to the north, Teslić to the east, Kotor Varoš, Skender Vakuf/Kneževo to the south, and Banja Luka to the west.

## History
During the Bosnian War (1992–95), Bosnian Serb Police and Army, and Serb's paramilitary forces  destroyed villages upstream along the Vrbanja to Kruševo Brdo, including the villages in Čelinac Municipality.

In addition to those who have experienced this, among other things, bears witness to the indictment against Radovan Karadžić to tribunal in The Hague. At the hearing, Nikola Poplašen, 2013, one of the questions to the witness the defense, it was:

## Population
## Related pages
*Vrbanja river

## References
Kevin Geer

**Kevin Scully Geer** (November 7, 1952 &ndash; January 25, 2017) was an American actor. He appeared on stage and screen. He began his career in 1975. His best known stage performances included *A Streetcar Named Desire* (1988), *The Rose Tattoo* (1995), *Flyovers*, *Side Man* (both 1998) and *Twelve Angry Men* (2004). His television appearances included *Oz*, *Law & Order*, *Homicide*, *China Beach*, *M*A*S*H* and *MacGyver*. He also appeared in the movies *A Force of One* (1979), *The Pelican Brief* (1993), *The Contender* (2000), *American Gangster* (2007), *Bunker Hill* (2008) and *The Men Who Stare at Goats* (2009).

Geer was born in Reno, Nevada. He grew up in Los Angeles, California. He died from a heart attack on January 25, 2017 in Manhattan, New York. He was 64.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Kevin Geer on Broadway at *Playbill.com*
Heng Freylinger

**Henri** "**Heng**" **Freylinger** (23 September 1926 &ndash; 17 January 2017) was a Luxembourgian wrestler. He competed in the Greco-Roman welterweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.  In 2008 he was given the Order of Merit of Luxembourg for his service to the state in sports. Freylinger was a 12-time Luxembourgeous champion. 

## References
Bob Holiday

**Bob Holiday** (November 12, 1932 &ndash; January 27, 2017) was an American actor. He was best known for playing Superman in the Broadway musical ''It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman!'' (1966). He had the most appearances as Superman than any other actor, making over 140 performances. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Holiday died on January 27, 2017, at his home in Hawley, Pennsylvania, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gisella Sofio

**Gisella Sofio** (19 February 1931 &ndash; 27 January 2017) was an Italian actress. She began her career in the 1950s. She had roles in the movies *Accidents to the Taxes!!* (1951), *Rascel-Fifì* (1957), *La liceale* (1975), *The Big Heart of Girls* and *The Worst Week of My Life* (both 2011). She was born in Milan.

Sofio died on 27 January 2017 in Rome at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Northwest Italy

**Northwest Italy** ( or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a NUTS1 level region.

Northwest Italy is defined only for statistical and for some elections.

## Geography
Northwest Italy borders to the west with France, to the north with Switzerland and to the east with Northeast Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna). To the south is Toscana (Central Italy), a short distance, and the Ligurian Sea.

The Alps are in the northern part of the region and the northern Apennines in the south. The highest point in the region and in Italy is Mont Blanc (), in the Alps (Valle d'Aosta) on the border with France; it is  high.

Northwest Italy has an important part of the valley of the Po river (). The Po is the longest river of Northeast Italy and of Italy.

## Regions
Central Italy encompasses four of the 20 regions of Italy, including 24 provinces and 1,789  comuniː

The *comuni* with more than 100,000 persons living in them areː

## Related pages
* NUTS level 1:
** **Northwest Italy**
** Northeast Italy
** Central Italy
** South Italy
** Insular Italy
* Northern Italy
* Southern Italy

## References
Bill Fischer (American football)

**William Anton** "**Bill**" **Fischer** (March 10, 1927 &ndash; January 20, 2017), nicknamed "**Moose**", was an American football player. He played as an offensive lineman. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Cardinals from 1949 to 1953. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Fischer died on January 20, 2017 in Cape Coral, Florida. He was 89.

## References
Alexander Tikhanovich

**Alexander Grigorievich Tikhanovich** (; 13 July 1952 – 28 January 2017) was a Belarusian pop singer. He was best known as a member of the band Verasy. He was awarded the Meritorious Artist and People's Artist honours of Belarus. He was born in Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union.

Tikhanovich died on 28 January 2017 in Minsk at the age of 64.

## References
Rettenberg

**Rettenberg** is a municipality  in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. Rettenberg is twinned with the village La Frénaye in Northern France (close to Le Havre). Rettenberg is the southernmost village with breweries (*Engelbräu* and *Zötlerbrauerei*) in Germany.

## References
Sonthofen

**Sonthofen** is the most southern town of Germany. It is in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Oberstdorf is  farther south but is not a town. In 2005, Sonthofen was awarded "Alpenstadt des Jahres" (Alpine city of the year).

In World War II Sonthofen was bombed twice. This was because Adolf Hitler had built the *Ordensburg Sonthofen* in Sonthofen. Young boys were trained there for Nazi Party organisations. Sonthofen was given town rights on 18 August 1963.
File:Sonthofen (Ansicht von Gruenten).JPG|Sonthofen
File:Sonthofen Germany Ordensburg-01.jpg|The Ordensburg

## References
Lennart Nilsson

, March 2014]]
**Lennart Nilsson** (24 August 1922 &ndash; 28 January 2017) was a Swedish photographer. He was known for his photographs of human embryos and other medical subjects once thought not to be photographable. He was also known for his extreme macro photography. His book, *A Child Is Born* (1965), featured many of his photographs. He was born in Strängnäs, Södermanland County.

Nilsson died on 28 January 2017 at the age of 94.

## References
Sulzberg, Oberallgäu

**Sulzberg** is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. Since 1990, Sulzberg has been twinned with the municipality Chailland (Mayenne) in France.

## References
Geoff Nicholls

**Geoffrey James** "**Geoff**" **Nicholls** (28 February 1948 &ndash; 28 January 2017) was a British musician and keyboardist. He was best known as a member of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He did not perform with the band after 2004. He was born in Birmingham.

Nicholls died from lung cancer on 28 January 2017 at the age of 68.

## References
Luciano Ravaglia

**Luciano Ravaglia** (Forlimpopoli; 13 December 1923 &ndash; Dovadola; 26 January 2017) was an Italian engineer. He was born in Forlimpopoli, Italy.

## Career
He was a member of the Rotary Club of Forlì. He was known for his cutting-edge city-planning and building solutions. When Sergio Mulitsch di Palmenberg was appointed as chairman of the national PolioPlus committee of the Italian Rotary Club, Ravaglia became his deputy. Over the next few years, Ravaglia worked with dedication and enthusiasm to gain recognition from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for polio vaccination.
Ravaglia is remembered as a pioneer in the global fight against polio and for his dedication to humanitarian causes through Rotary International.
## Death
Ravaglia died on 26 January 2017 in Dovadola, Italy, aged 93.

## More reading
* Baroukh M. Assael, "Il favoloso innesto. Storia sociale della vaccinazione", Editori Laterza, Bari, 1995.
* Franco Pellaschiar, “Corrispondenza, atti, attestati e stralci di documenti sull’impegno di Sergio Mulitsch per l’Operazione PolioPlus”, In “Realtà Nuova”, anno LXVII, n.3, Milano, 2003.
* Luciano Ravaglia, "L’eredità di Sergio Mulitsh: Nuovi spazi al servire, l’Istituto Ong fra rotariani italiani” In “Realtà Nuova”, anno LXVII, n.3, Milano, 2003.

## References
Many Clouds

**Many Clouds** (21 April 2007 &ndash; 28 January 2017) was a Thoroughbred racehorse. He was best known for winning the Hennessy Gold Cup (2014), the Grand National (2015) and the Cotswold Chase (2015, 2017).

Many Clouds was bred in Ireland but was trained in United Kingdom.

Many Clouds died on 28 January 2017 in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. He collapsed after winning his second Cotswold Chase and died from a pulmonary haemorrhage. He was nine.

## References
Insular Italy

**Insular Italy** ( or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a NUTS1 level region.

Insular Italy is defined only for statistical and for some elections and includes the two main Italian islands: Sicily and Sardinia, together with other small islands and archipelagos next to them.

## Geography
Sicily is the largest Mediterranean island with an area of . To the east, it is separated from the Italian mainland by the Strait of Messina, about  wide in the north, and about  wide in the southern part. Its highest point is Mount Etna (), the largest active volcano in Europe with an altitude of . The longest river of the island is the Salso river,  long.

Sardinia is the second largest Mediterranean island with an area of . To the east is the Tyrrhenian Sea that separates the island from mainland Italy, and to the north is the Strait of Bonifacio that separates Sardinia from the French island of Corsica. Its highest point is Punta La Marmora () with an altitude of . The longest river of the island is the Tirso river,  long.

## Regions
Insular Italy has 2 of the 20 regions of Italy, including 24 provinces and 1,789  comuniː

The *comuni* with more than 100,000 persons living in them areː

## Related pages
* NUTS level 1:
** Northwest Italy
** Northeast Italy
** Central Italy
** South Italy
** **Insular Italy**
* Northern Italy
* Southern Italy

## References
Wim Anderiesen Jr.

**Gerardus Willem** "**Wim**" **Anderiesen Jr.** (2 September 1931 &ndash; 27 January 2017) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a defender at club level from the early-1950s to the mid-1960s. He played for Ajax from 1951 to 1961. He later played for Holland Sport.

Anderiesen was born in Amsterdam, North Holland. He was named after his father Wim Anderiesen (1903&ndash;1944). He died on 27 January 2017 in Heerhugowaard at the age of 85.

## References
Ni Yulan

**Ni Yulan** is a Chinese business lawyer. In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award.
## Activities
Ni fought for property rights for people who lost their homes because of building for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. She went to prison many times. In prison she was beaten and lost the use of her legs.

## Other websites 
* 2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

## References
Tirso (river)

The **Tirso** () is the most important river of Sardinia for its length and the size of its drainage basin. It starts on the mountains of the centre of the island and ends in the Mediterranean Sea.

## Name 
The river was known in Sardinia as *riu de Aristanis* ("river of Oristano") or, simply, *riu Mannu* (the "big river"). The name Tirso began to be used in modern times following Ptolemy that named it in ancient times as "Thyrsos" (, "mouth of the Tirso river").

## Geography 
The Tirso river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) depends of the season; its average discharge is  but is very low during summer.

### Course 
The Tirso river starts in the Buddusò plateau, on the slopes of *Punta Pianedda*, at an elevation of about , to the north of the *comune* of Bitti. From here, the river flows to the southwest.

Finally, after , it flows into the Gulf of Oristano in the Sea of Sardinia (Mediterranean Sea). The river enters the sea at about  to the north of the city of Oristano.

The river forms the "Omodeo lake", an artificial lake that is  long and  wide; it is one of largest artificial lake in Italy.

It flows through 81 comuni.

## Main tributaries 
Most tributaries of the Tirso are small streams; the main tributaries are:
* Taloro, the main tributary,  long and a drainage basin of ; and
* Massari, the second largest tributary,  long and a drainage basin of .

Both rivers are left tributaries of the Tirso.

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Italy

## References
## Other websites
* Zerphaliu: *Il fiume Tirso*
Caning

**Caning** is a form of punishment that involves beating a person with a cane, usually made of rattan. Each blow of the cane is called a "cut" or a "stroke". It is most often applied to the hands or buttocks. 

In 1986 a new British law banned corporal punishment in British and Welsh public schools. The following year, the ban was extended to Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Caning is still given as a punishment for breaking the law in places such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Brunei.

## References
Michael Tönnies

**Michael Tönnies** (19 December 1959 &ndash; 26 January 2017) was a German footballer. He was born in Essen. He played as a striker. He played from 1978 to 1994.

Tönnies was best known for playing for MSV Duisburg, playing in 179 league games and scoring over 100 goals. He also played for Schalke 04, SpVgg Bayreuth, 1. FC Bocholt, Rot-Weiss Essen and Wuppertaler SV. He held a Bundesliga record, scoring the fastest hat-trick (three goals). He held the record from 1991 until 2015, when Robert Lewandowski beat the record.

Tönnies died on 26 January 2017 at the age of 57.

## References
Piet Ouderland

**Piet Ouderland** (17 March 1933 &ndash; 3 September 2017) was a Dutch footballer and basketball player. He was born in Amsterdam, North Holland.

As a footballer, Ouderland played as a striker. He played Ajax, AZ Alkmaar and the Netherlands national team. For Ajax, he made 261 total appearances with the club between 1955 and 1964. This made him a member of Club van 100. He also made seven appearances with the national team in 1962 and 1963. As a basketball player, he also played for the national team. He was the first Dutchman to play for the national sides of football and basketball.

## References
Henry-Louis de La Grange

**Henry-Louis de La Grange** (26 May 1924 – 27 January 2017) was a French musicologist. He was known for being known as a biographer of Gustav Mahler. He was born in Paris. La Grange began working as a music critic in 1952, writing articles for the *New York Herald Tribune* and *The New York Times*, and the magazines *Opera News*, *Saturday Review*, *Musical America*, and *Opus*.

La Grange died in Paris on 27 January 2017 from complications of pneumonia, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* Mediathèque Musicale Mahler website 
* "Downloadable Interview with Henry-Luis de La Grange – Mahler Revealed" (8 May 2008)  at ClassicalSource.com.
* Introduction to Mahler Symphonies Notes (Henry-Louis de La Grange) at Scribd.com .This is no longer available!
* The Lebrecht Report: A new view of Mahler (5 March 2008) , a review of *Gustav Mahler*, vol. 4, by Norman Lebrecht at *La Scena Musicale* website.
Christopher Bland

**Sir Francis Christopher Buchan Bland** (29 May 1938 &ndash; 28 January 2017) was a British businessman and politician. He was born in Yokohama, Japan.

He was deputy chairman of the Independent Television Authority (1972), which was renamed the Independent Broadcasting Authority in the same year, and chairman of London Weekend Television (1984) and of the Board of Governors of the BBC (1996 to 2001), when he took up a position as chairman of British Telecommunications plc.  He left his position with BT in September 2007.

Before leaving BT, he became chairman of the Royal Shakespeare Company, in 2004.

Bland died on 28 January 2017 in Clanville, Hampshire from complications of prostate cancer, aged 78.

## References
Number One Observatory Circle

The **Number One Observatory Circle** is the official residence of the vice president of the United States and the second family. It is located on the northeast grounds of the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. and it has been the residence of every U.S. vice president since Nelson Rockefeller in 1974.

## Layout and amenities 
The house is 9,000 square feet, The first floor has a dining room, garden room, living room, lounges, pantry kitchen, reception hall, sitting room, and veranda. The second floor contains the main bedroom suite, an additional bedroom, a den, and a study. The attic has four bedrooms. The main kitchen is located in the basement.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Number One Observatory Circle; YouTube
Waltenhofen

**Waltenhofen** is a municipality  in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. On 1 January 1972, the  previously independent municipality of Memhölz was incorporated into Waltenhofen. On January 1 1976, Niedersonthofen was added, and on April 1, 1976 Martin im Allgäu was also added. The mayor has been Eckhard Harscher since 2006.

## References
Weitnau

**Weitnau** is a municipality in the rural district Oberallgäu in Bavaria/Germany. Weitnau is in the foothills of the Allgäu Alps.

Alexander Streicher became the mayor in 2008.

Weitnau became twinned with Magné in France in 1986.

## References
Theo Brokmann Jr.

**Theodorus Johannes Franciscus** "**Theo**" **Brokmann Jr.** (born 3 July 1922) is a Dutch former footballer. He played as a striker. He played for Ajax from 1939 to 1951.

Brokmann was born in Amsterdam, North Holland. He was the son of and named after Theo Brokmann (1893&ndash;1956).

## References
Andreas Sparman

**Andreas Sparman** or  **Andreas Palmcron** (1609 – November 30, 1658) was a Swedish doctor. He was the personal physician to Queen Christina and King Charles X Gustav of Sweden. He is most known for his book, *Sundhetzens Speghel*, which is considered to be the best medical book of the century, and is sometimes considered to be the first Swedish cookbook.

## Life 
Andreas Sparman was born Andreas Schomerus in Sparrsätra parish, Uppsala County, Sweden.  He died in 
Stockholm.  When he wrote his dissertation in 1629, he used the name "Schomerus", but later changed his name to Sparrman, for his birthplace. He was knighted in 1647 with the name Palmcron.

Sparman's father was Nikolaus Olai.  His mother was Susanna Andersdotter.  His first wife was Helena Isaksdotter.  His second wife was Susanna Lilliecrona.  He had a daughter, Brita Susanna Palmkron, with his second wife.

Sparman studied medicine in the city of Leiden, in the Netherlands.  After he returned to Sweden he became the city doctor for Stockholm.  Later, he was the personal doctor to Queen Christina and Charles X Gustav of Sweden.  It is considered the best *läkebok* or medical book of the century.  Part of the book is written in the form of the alexandrine French poetry meter. It was probably based on some foreign works.

Because of the severe *rödsots* or dysentery epidemics, in 1652 Sparman wrote about how to prevent dysentery.

Sparman also translated the hymns of the Psalms.  He got permission to publish them, but they were never published.

## Other websites 
* *Sundhetzens Speghel* Digital scan of 1686 edition.
* *Sundhetzens Speghel* on WorldCat
* Other works on WorldCat.

## References
Elkin Ramírez

**Elkin Fernando Ramírez Zapata** (26 October 1962 &ndash; 29 January 2017) was a Colombian singer-songwriter. He was best known as the lead singer of the rock band Kraken. He was also a member to bands such as Kripzy (1981&ndash;1982) and Ferrotrack (1983&ndash;1984). He joined Kraken in 1985. He was born in Medellín, Antioquia.

Ramírez died from brain cancer on 29 January 2017 in Medellín. He was 54.

## References
Walt Streuli

**Walter Herbert "Walt" Streuli** (September 26, 1935 &ndash; January 19, 2017) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a catcher. He appeared in six Major League Baseball games over parts of three seasons with the 1954–1956 Detroit Tigers. 

Streuli was born in Memphis, Tennessee. He studied at Rhodes College. Streuli died in Greensboro, North Carolina on January 19, 2017, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Box score from Retrosheet
Kaniyan Pungundranar

Kaniyan Pungundranar is an influential Tamil poet and philosopher who lived during the Sangam Age. He was said to be born in the village of Mahibalanpatti in Tirupattur taluk of Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu.

Kaniyan Pungundranar composed two poems in Tamil in Purananuru and Natrinai. His poem in Purananuru is a famous poem, it starts with the lines of **Yaadhum Oore Yavarum Kelir** speaks about unity. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the former president of India spoke about these lines in the United Nations Organisation. At present, these lines are depicted in the UNO.
## Reference
R-dropping

**R-dropping** also called **non-rhoticity** or **post vocalic r-lessness** happens to English-speakers when the "r" sound is not pronounced after a vowel. Then the words "car" and "card"  both sound like "cah" and "cahd". That happens for some speakers in the United States, especially in the Boston and New York City areas and pockets of the American South especially the Greater New Orleans area, Virginia's Tidewater region and among speakers of ethnolects such as African American Vernacular English and Cajun English. British and Northeastern r-droppers usually pronounce "r" when the next word begins with a vowel as in "car is". For them, "spa" and "spar" sound alike, Southern, African American and South African r-droppers don't add additional Rs.

The pronunciation of the R is kept in the Scottish, Irish and most of the U.S. and Canada versions of spoken English. The R-droppers include most of England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

Non-rhoticity can result in vowel mergers such as 

*bud-bird merger* - common in completely non-rhotic accents where the 'nurse' vowel merges with the short 'u'

*comma-commer merger* the r pronounced like a schwa at the end of a word.

*dough-door merger* - found mostly in r-dropping varieties of Southern American English and a few ethnolects such as Cajun English & AAVE. Results in the "or" dipthong being pronounced like the "oh" dipthong (examples include "floor" pronounced like "flow", " more" as "moe", " court" as "coat" etc)

The issue of how the R is used is called **rhoticity** by linguists.

## Other websites 
*wiktionary for rhotic
*wiktionary for non-rhotic
Brunhilde Pomsel

**Brunhilde Pomsel** (11 January 1911 &ndash; 27 January 2017) was a German broadcaster and secretary. She was born in Berlin. She was known as a personal secretary to politician Joseph Goebbels. She began work in the news department of the Third Reich's radio station in 1933. After World War II ended, she was not released from jail until 1950. She retired in 1971 at the age of 60.

Pomsel turned 100 in 2011. She died on 27 January 2017 in Munich at the age of 106.

## References
Jamshid Giunashvili

**Jamshid Giunashvili** (; 1 May 1931 &ndash; 21 January 2017). He was a Georgian linguist, Iranologist, researcher, author, and diplomat. He having served as the first ambassador of Georgia to Iran for a period of ten years from 1994 through 2004.

## Biography 
Giunashvili was born in Tehran, Iran. He graduated from Tbilisi State University with a doctors degree in Iranian studies. Giunashvili died on 21 January 2017 in Tbilisi, Georgia, aged 86.

## Related pages
*List of Asian scientists by country

## References
Sachet d'épices

A '''sachet d'épices'* is a small cheesecloth sack containing herbs and spices. It is used to add flavor to stocks, soups and sauces. It means "small bag of spices" in French.

It is often simply called a *sachet*. It is used like a *bouquet garni'', but a sachet's ingredients are inside a cheesecloth while a *bouquet garni* is not. This means that spices such as whole peppercorns and dried herbs, which cannot be used in a *bouquet garni*, can go in a sachet.
Anne-Marie Colchen

**Anne-Marie Colchen-Maillet** (8 December 1925 &ndash; 26 January 2017) was a French former track and field athlete and women's basketball player. She was born in Le Havre, France.

## Career
She became France's first high jump champion at the 1946 European Athletics Championships and held the French record for the event for ten years. She represented France in high jump at the 1948 Summer Olympics. 

In basketball she was the highest scorer at the 1953 FIBA World Championship for Women, helping France to third place. She was a member of the French national team for the European Women's Basketball Championship in 1950, 1952, 1954 and 1956.

After retiring from active competition she went into coaching. Colchen was inducted into the Gloire du sport (the French national sports hall of fame) in 2002.

## Death
Colchen died on 26 January 2017 in Paris, France, aged 91.

## References
Laurie Salas

**Dame Margaret Laurence** "**Laurie**" **Salas** (née **Hay**, 8 February 1922 &ndash; 26 January 2017) was a New Zealand women's rights and peace activist. She was born in Wellington, New Zealand.

Salas was involved with the Playcentre movement, and became that organisation's first representative on the National Council of Women. Salas was a New Zealand committee member for the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific, and she was also an honorary vice president of the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs.

Salas died on 26 January 2017 in Kaori, New Zealand, aged 94.

## References
Atanas Kirov

]]
**Atanas Kirov** (, 24 September 1946 – 27 January 2017) was a Bulgarian bantamweight weightlifter. He was born in Burgas, Bulgaria.

## Career
From 1973 and 1975, he won the world titles and three European titles and set two world records in the total. He competed in the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics and placed seventh and fifth, respectively.

## Death
Kirov died on 27 January 2017 in Sofia from a heart attack, aged 70.

## References
Zakia Soman

**Zakia Soman** (Arabic: زكية سومان ) is an activist from India. She is the head of the human rights group Bharatiya Muslim Mahila Andolan (BMMA).  In 2014, she received the Outstanding Women Achievers award from the National Commission for Women.

## Life 
Soman is from Ahmedabad, Gujarat in India.  She worked as a university professor.

In 2013, the BMMA did a survey of 5000 women about women's rights in Islamic families.  After that, they trained 30 women as judges to help solve family problems. In the survey, 92 percent of women had agreed to ban the one-sided triple divorce.  The Shariah court for women was started because they thought that women were not being heard in the male Shariah court. In the survey, 92 percent of the women were also opposed to multiple wives.

## References