January 30

## Events
### Up to 1900 
* 1018 &ndash; The Peace of Bautzen is signed between Poland and Germany.
* 1607 &ndash; Massive flooding hits the coasts of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in England, killing around 2,000 people.
* 1648 &ndash; The Treaty of Münster is signed, ending the Eighty Years' War between the Netherlands and Spain.
* 1649 &ndash; King Charles I of England is beheaded.
* 1661 &ndash; Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is formally executed – after having been dead for two years.
* 1667 &ndash; The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cedes Kiev, Smolensk and western Ukraine to the Tsardom of Russia.
* 1790 &ndash; The first boat specialized as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.
* 1806 &ndash; The original Lower Trenton Bridge, spanning the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.
* 1820 &ndash; Edward Bransfield lands on the Antarctic mainland.
* 1826 &ndash; The Menai Suspension Bridge, connecting the island of Anglesey and mainland Wales, is opened.
* 1835 &ndash; A mentally ill man named Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol—the first assassination attempt against a President. Both of Lawrence's pistols misfire, and Jackson proceeds to beat his would-be assassin with his cane.
* 1841 &ndash; A fire destroys two-thirds of the city of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.
* 1847 &ndash; Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
* 1862 &ndash; The first American ironclad warship, the USS *Monitor* is launched.
* 1869 &ndash; The University of Idaho is started.
* 1889 &ndash; Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in Mayerling. How they died remains a mystery.
* 1900 &ndash; United Kingdom forces fighting Boers in South Africa ask for reinforcements.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1902 &ndash; The United Kingdom and Japan sign the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
* 1911 &ndash; The destroyer USS *Terry* makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of James McCurdy 10 miles from Havana, Cuba.
* 1911 &ndash; The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.
* 1913 &ndash; House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill.
* 1925 &ndash; Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.
* 1933 &ndash; Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
* 1933 &ndash; The first of 2,956 episodes of *The Lone Ranger* radio series airs on station WXYZ in Detroit, Michigan.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in what is now Indonesia.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.
* 1945 &ndash; The *Wilhelm Gustloff* sinks in the Baltic Sea in the deadliest maritime disaster in known history, killing roughly 9,000.
* 1948 &ndash; Indian pacifist and leader Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated in Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.
* 1948 &ndash; 1948 Winter Olympics open in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Because of World War II a few years previously, German and Japanese athletes are not allowed to take part.
* 1956 &ndash; Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
* 1959 &ndash; The ship MS *Hans Hedtoft* strikes an iceberg on her first voyage and sinks, killing 95 people on board.
* 1962 &ndash; Two of the high-wire Flying Wallendas are killed when their famous seven-person pyramid collapses during a performance in Detroit, Michigan.
* 1964 &ndash; Ranger 6 is launched by NASA. Its mission is to carry television cameras and to crash-land on the moon.
* 1964 &ndash; Nguyen Khanh takes power in South Vietnam, removing Duong Van Minh's military junta from power.
* 1965 &ndash; The funeral of Winston Churchill takes place in London. Over a million people line the streets to say farewell.
* 1968 &ndash; Vietnam War: The Tết Offensive begins when NLF forces launch series of a surprise attacks in South Vietnam.
* 1969 &ndash; The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.
* 1972 &ndash; Bloody Sunday: United Kingdom British Paratroopers murder fourteen Roman Catholic civil rights /anti internment marchers in Northern Ireland– Bloody Sunday (1972)
* 1972 &ndash; Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations.
* 1975 &ndash; First faroese stamp issued
* 1983 &ndash; Super Bowl XVII: The Washington Redskins defeat the Miami Dolphins, 27–17, thus winning their first NFL championship since 1942.
* 1989 &ndash; The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes.
* 1994 &ndash; Péter Lékó becomes the youngest grand master in chess.
* 1994 &ndash; The Dallas Cowboys win their fourth Super Bowl title, 30-13 over the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXVIII.
* 1995 &ndash; Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.
* 1996 &ndash; Suspected leader of the Irish National Liberation Army Gino Gallagher is killed while in line for his unemployment benefit.
* 2000 &ndash; Off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.
* 2000 &ndash; In Super Bowl XXXIV, the St. Louis Rams defeat the Tennessee Titans, 23–16.

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Slobodan Milošević accuses the United Nations war crimes tribunal of an "evil and hostile attack" against him.
* 2003 &ndash; Belgium legally recognizes same-sex marriage.
* 2005 &ndash; Amid violence and threats to boycott the results, Iraq holds an election for its National Assembly, the country's first free election since 1953.
* 2007 &ndash; Microsoft Windows Vista is released.
* 2015 &ndash; 55 people are killed in a bomb attack in Shikarpur, Southern Pakistan.
* 2016 &ndash; 39 people drown as a boat carrying refugees sinks in the Mediterranean Sea.
* 2016 &ndash; Tennis: Angelique Kerber becomes the first German woman since Steffi Graf to win a Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in three sets to win the Australian Open.

## Births
### Up to 1900 
* 58 BC &ndash; Livia Drusilla, wife of Roman Emperor Augustus (d. 29)
* 133 &ndash; Marcus Severus Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (d. 193)
* 1563 &ndash; Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)
* 1628 &ndash; George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English diplomat (d. 1687)
* 1661 &ndash; Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741)
* 1697 &ndash; Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist (d. 1773)
* 1720 &ndash; Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (d. 1778)
* 1736 &ndash; James Watt, Scottish engineer (d. 1819)
* 1754 &ndash; John Lansing, Jr., American statesman (d. 1829)
* 1775 &ndash; Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d. 1864)
* 1781 &ndash; Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (d. 1838)
* 1816 &ndash; Nathaniel Prentice Banks, American politician, Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1894)
* 1822 &ndash; Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist (d. 1899)
* 1841 &ndash; Félix Faure, French politician (d. 1899)
* 1841 &ndash; Sam Lloyd, American game inventor and puzzle specialist (d. 1911)
* 1845 &ndash; Jose Domingo de Obaldia, 2nd President of Panama (d. 1910)
* 1846 &ndash; F. H. Bradley, British philosopher (d. 1924)
* 1852 &ndash; Ion Luca Caragiale, Romanian playwright and poet (d. 1912)
* 1862 &ndash; Walter Damrosch, German conductor and composer (d. 1950)
* 1875 &ndash; Walter Middelberg, Dutch rower (d. 1944)
* 1878 &ndash; Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian writer (d. 1940)
* 1882 &ndash; Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
* 1884 &ndash; Pedro Pablo Ramirez, President of Argentina (d. 1962)
* 1888 &ndash; Beatrice Brigden, Canadian activist (d. 1977)
* 1889 &ndash; Jaishankar Prasad, Indian poet and dramatist (d. 1937)
* 1890 &ndash; Bruno Kastner, German actor (d. 1932)
* 1894 &ndash; Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria (d. 1943)
* 1895 &ndash; Wilhelm Gustloff, German leader of the Swiss Nazi Party (d. 1936)
* 1899 &ndash; Max Theiler, South African virologist (d. 1972)
* 1900 &ndash; Isaac Dunayevsky, Soviet composer (d. 1955)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Rudolf Caracciola, German racing driver (d. 1959)
* 1910 &ndash; Chidambaram Subramaniam, Indian politician (d. 2000)
* 1911 &ndash; Roy Eldridge, American jazz musician (d. 1989)
* 1912 &ndash; Werner Hartmann, German physicist (d. 1988)
* 1913 &ndash; Percy Thrower, English gardener and television host (d. 1988)
* 1913 &ndash; Amrita Sher-Gil, Indian painter (d. 1941)
* 1915 &ndash; John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006)
* 1917 &ndash; Paul Frère, Belgian racing driver, journalist and author (d. 2008)
* 1920 &ndash; Michael Anderson, British director
* 1920 &ndash; Delbert Mann, American director (d. 2007)
* 1924 &ndash; Lloyd Alexander, American writer (d. 2007)
* 1925 &ndash; Douglas Engelbart, American inventor (d. 2013)
* 1927 &ndash; Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1986)
* 1928 &ndash; Hal Prince, American stage producer and director
* 1929 &ndash; Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian physician, surgeon and aid worker (d. 1996)
* 1929 &ndash; Isamu Akasaki, Japanese scientist, joint-winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics
* 1930 &ndash; Gene Hackman, American actor
* 1930 &ndash; Janis Krumins, Latvian basketball player (d. 1994)
* 1930 &ndash; Egon Klepsch, German politician (d. 2010)
* 1931 &ndash; Shirley Hazzard, Australian-American writer (d. 2016)
* 1932 &ndash; Knock Yokoyama, Japanese comedian and politician
* 1934 &ndash; Tammy Grimes, American actress and singer (d. 2016)
* 1934 &ndash; Giovanni Battista Re, Italian cardinal
* 1935 &ndash; Richard Brautigan, American writer (d. 1984)
* 1935 &ndash; Jean Tiberi, former Mayor of Paris
* 1936 &ndash; Horst Jankowski, German pianist (d. 1998)
* 1937 &ndash; Vanessa Redgrave, British actress
* 1937 &ndash; Boris Spassky, Russian chess player
* 1937 &ndash; Ed Hansen, American movie director and editor (d. 2005)
* 1938 &ndash; Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (d. 2016)
* 1940 &ndash; Mitch Murray, English songwriter and producer
* 1941 &ndash; Gregory Benford, American science fiction writer
* 1941 &ndash; Dick Cheney, 46th Vice President of the United States
* 1945 &ndash; Meir Dagan, Israeli general (d. 2016)
* 1945 &ndash; Michael Dorris, American author (d. 1997)
* 1946 &ndash; John Bird, Baron Bird, English social entrepreneur
* 1947 &ndash; Steve Marriott, English musician (d. 1991)
* 1947 &ndash; Malgorzata Braunek, Polish actress (d. 2014)
* 1948 &ndash; Sergio Cofferati, Italian politician
* 1949 &ndash; Peter Agre, American biologist
* 1949 &ndash; Jaak Salumets, Estonian basketball player and coach

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Phil Collins, British singer and musician
* 1951 &ndash; Philip Whitchurch, British actor
* 1955 &ndash; John Baldacci, American politician, 73rd Governor of Maine
* 1955 &ndash; Curtis Strange, American golfer
* 1956 &ndash; Keiichi Tsuchiya, Japanese racing driver
* 1956 &ndash; Darko Rundek, Croatian musician, actor and theatre director
* 1956 &ndash; Jeremy Gittins, English actor
* 1957 &ndash; Payne Stewart, American golfer (d. 1999)
* 1959 &ndash; Irina Pudova, Yakut ballerina
* 1960 &ndash; Eddie Jones, Australian rugby union player and coach
* 1961 &ndash; Liu Gang, Chinese physicist and computer scientist
* 1961 &ndash; Dexter Scott King, son of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King
* 1962 &ndash; King Abdullah II of Jordan
* 1963 &ndash; Tina Malone, English actress
* 1964 &ndash; Otis Smith, American basketball player
* 1965 &ndash; Julie McCullough, American model and actress
* 1967 &ndash; Jay Gordon, American musician
* 1967 &ndash; Sergey Tchepikov, Russian biathlete
* 1968 &ndash; King Felipe VI of Spain
* 1968 &ndash; Trevor Dunn, American musician
* 1969 &ndash; Alexey Dreev, Russian chess player
* 1971 &ndash; Darren Boyd, British actor
* 1972 &ndash; Jennifer Hale, Canadian-American actress and comedienne
* 1974 &ndash; Christian Bale, British actor
* 1974 &ndash; Olivia Colman, British actress
* 1974 &ndash; Jemima Khan, British socialite
* 1975 &ndash; Yumi Yoshimura, Japanese singer
* 1975 &ndash; Juninho Pernambucano, Brazilian footballer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Cristian Brocchi, Italian footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Romesh Ranganathan, English comedian
* 1979 &ndash; Davide Simoncelli, Italian cross-country skier
* 1979 &ndash; Trevor Gillies, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1980 &ndash; Wilmer Valderrama, American actor and producer
* 1981 &ndash; Dimitar Berbatov, Bulgarian footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Peter Crouch, English footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Mathias Lauda, Austrian racing driver
* 1982 &ndash; DeSagana Diop, Senegalese basketball player
* 1983 &ndash; Ben Maher, English equestrian
* 1984 &ndash; Kid Cudi, American Hip hop performer
* 1987 &ndash; Arda Turan, Turkish footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Phil Lester, English YouTuber, vlogger and radio personality
* 1987 &ndash; Rebecca Quin, Irish professional wrestler better known as Becky Lynch
* 1990 &ndash; Jake Thomas, American actor
* 1990 &ndash; Yoon Bo-ra, South Korean singer
* 1993 &ndash; Katy Marchant, English track cyclist
* 1995 &ndash; Misaki Iwasa, Japanese singer (AKB48)
* 1995 &ndash; Viktoria Komova, Russian gymnast
* 1995 &ndash; Danielle Campbell, American actress
* 1995 &ndash; Jack Laugher, English diver
* 2000 &ndash; Benee, New Zealand singer
* 2005 &ndash; Prince Hashem bin Al Abdullah II of Jordan

## Deaths
### Up to 1900 
* 680 &ndash; Bathild, Frankish Queen (b. 626)
* 1030 &ndash; William V, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
* 1181 &ndash; Emperor Takakura of Japan (b. 1161)
* 1314 &ndash; Nicholas III of Saint Omer
* 1384 &ndash; Louis II of Flanders (b. 1330)
* 1649 &ndash; King Charles I of England, Ireland and Scotland (b. 1600)
* 1730 &ndash; Tsar Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
* 1836 &ndash; Betsy Ross, American seamstress (b. 1752)
* 1867 &ndash; Emperor Komei of Japan (b. 1831)
* 1869 &ndash; William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
* 1889 &ndash; Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (b. 1858)
* 1889 &ndash; Baroness Marie Vetsera, mistress of Austrian Crown Prince Rudolf (b. 1871)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1913 &ndash; James Henderson Berry, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1841)
* 1926 &ndash; Barbara La Marr, American actress (b. 1896)
* 1927 &ndash; Simeon Eben Baldwin, American politician, 65th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1840)
* 1928 &ndash; Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Danish doctor, won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1867)
* 1929 &ndash; La Goulue, French dancer (b. 1866)
* 1934 &ndash; Frank Nelson Doubleday, American publisher (b. 1862)
* 1948 &ndash; Mahatma Gandhi, Indian spiritual leader and advocate of non-violence (assassinated) (b. 1869)
* 1948 &ndash; Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer (b. 1871)
* 1951 &ndash; Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automobile engineer (b. 1875)
* 1958 &ndash; Jean Crotti, Swiss artist (b. 1878)
* 1958 &ndash; Ernst Heinkel, German engineer (b. 1888)
* 1963 &ndash; Francis Poulenc, French composer (b. 1899)
* 1969 &ndash; Dominique Pire, Belgian monk (b. 1910)
* 1980 &ndash; Professor Longhair, American musician (b. 1918)
* 1982 &ndash; Stanley Holloway, British actor (b. 1890)
* 1982 &ndash; Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (b. 1912)
* 1984 &ndash; Luke Kelly, Irish singer (The Dubliners) (b. 1940)
* 1986 &ndash; Ivan Papanin, Russian explorer (b. 1894)
* 1989 &ndash; Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cadiz, Spanish royal and claimant to the French throne (b. 1936)
* 1991 &ndash; John Bardeen, American physicist (b. 1908)
* 1995 &ndash; Gerald Durrell, British naturalist (b. 1925)
* 1999 &ndash; Huntz Hall, American actor (b. 1919)

### From 2001 
* 2006 &ndash; Coretta Scott King, American civil rights activist (b. 1927)
* 2007 &ndash; Sidney Sheldon, American writer and screenwriter (b. 1917)
* 2008 &ndash; Jeremy Beadle, British television presenter (b. 1948)
* 2009 &ndash; Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (b. 1932)
* 2009 &ndash; Sune Jonsson, Swedish writer, movie maker and photographer (b. 1930)
* 2009 &ndash; H. Guy Hunt, 49th Governor of Alabama (b. 1933)
* 2011 &ndash; John Barry, British movie score composer (b. 1933)
* 2013 &ndash; Patty Andrews, American singer (b. 1918)
* 2014 &ndash; Jack Stoddard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
* 2014 &ndash; The Mighty Hannibal, American singer, songwriter and record producer (b. 1939)
* 2014 &ndash; Arthur Rankin, Jr., American animator, director, producer and writer (b. 1924)
* 2015 &ndash; Gerrit Voorting, Dutch road bicycle racer (b. 1923)
* 2015 &ndash; Zhelyu Zhelev, 2nd President of Bulgaria (b. 1935)
* 2015 &ndash; Geraldine McEwan, English actress (b. 1932)
* 2015 &ndash; Carl Djerassi, Austrian-American chemist, novelist and playwright (b. 1923)
* 2016 &ndash; Frank Finlay, British actor (b. 1926)
* 2016 &ndash; T. N. Gopakumar, Indian journalist (b. 1957)
* 2016 &ndash; Georgia Davis Powers, American civil rights activist and politician (b. 1923)
* 2016 &ndash; Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (b. 1959)
* 2016 &ndash; Mohammad Salimi, Iranian general (b. 1937)
* 2017 &ndash; Marta Becket, American dancer, painter and choreographer (b. 1924)
* 2017 &ndash; David Burhani, Tanzanian footballer (b. 1990)
* 2017 &ndash; Carmen Contreras-Bozak, American World War II veteran (b. 1919)
* 2017 &ndash; Mario R. Ramil, Filipino-born American justice (b. 1946)
* 2018 &ndash; Rolf Schafstall, German footballer (b. 1937)
* 2018 &ndash; Mark Salling, American actor and singer (b. 1982)
* 2018 &ndash; Clyde Scott, American football player and hurdler (b. 1924)
* 2018 &ndash; Kevin Towers, American baseball executive (b. 1961)
* 2018 &ndash; Terry Van Ginderen, Belgian television and music producer (b. 1931)
* 2018 &ndash; Azeglio Vicini, Italian footballer (b. 1933)
* 2018 &ndash; Louis Zorich, American actor (b. 1924)
* 2019 &ndash; Stewart Adams, British chemist, inventor of ibuprofen (b. 1923)
* 2019 &ndash; Per Jorsett, Norwegian sports reporter (b. 1920)
* 2019 &ndash; Dick Miller, American actor (b. 1928)

## Observances
* Observances related to the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
** Martyrs' Day (India)
** School Day of non-violence and Peace (Spain)