open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Wikipediocracy

**Wikipediocracy** is an Internet forum in English. It was founded in March 2012. It lets people who sign up talk about Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation. It is like the Wikipedia Review, another website for talking about how people feel about Wikipedia and the organisations and people that run it.

## History
Wikipediocracy was created by users of the website the Wikipedia Review in March 2012. It says it shows how Wikipedia works and that there are problems with Wikipedia. It says there is corruption at Wikipedia and also  that there are problems with the way it was built. A reporter for *The Daily Dot*, which is an online newspaper, has written that Wikipediocracy exposes the bad side of Wikipedia.

In 2013, users of the website gave personal information about "Qworty", a Wikipedia user, to a writer for *Salon*, an online newspaper. They revealed his offline identity, along with bad things he had been doing, and the writer published it on *Salon*.

## References
Machine pistol

A **machine pistol** is a typically a handgun-style firearm that can fire fully automatic or burst fire. Fully automatic means that the gun will continue to fire very rapidly so long as the trigger is pressed and held. Burst fire means that when you pull the trigger, a number of shots determined by the shooter will be fired (for some guns, this is three shots, fired very quickly). Machine pistols fire pistol cartridges. Machine pistols usually have the cartridges fed into the gun with a magazine, which is a rectangular box which holds the cartridges.
Machine pistols are usually self-loading, which means that the gun automatically loads a new cartridge into the chamber after a shot is fired. 

## History
The first true machine pistol was the German MP-18 introduced in 1918. It fired the 9mm Parabellum cartridge. It used a side-loading magazine that held 20 cartridges. 

The Germans converted some pistols, like the Luger, into machine pistols. They invented a type of Luger called the Luger P08 in World War I to German artillery crews. It had a longer barrel and a 32 round magazine shaped like a round drum. It was given to artillery crews so they could defend themselves.

In 1951 the Russian army developed the Stechkin APS, which could fire in burst fire or in fully automatic fire. When the gun was used in burst or automatic fire, users were told to use the wooden stock so that they can control the weapon better. One of the problems with machine pistols is they tend to rise up when being fired, making the bullets miss their target.

### 1990s2000s 
In the 1990s and 2000s, as more soldiers began wearing bulletproof vests with hard ceramic armor, the machine pistol became less useful in a military setting. The low-powered pistol ammunition was not able to penetrate ceramic-plated Kevlar military vests. As a result, armies began to issue a new gun, the personal defense weapon or PDW. The PDW fires armor-piercing, higher-powered ammunition which can go through bulletproof vests.

## References
## Related pages 
* Submachine gun

## Other websites
* Article on Glock 18, a fully automatic pistol
Bernardo Bellotto

from the Praga bank, painted 1770.]]
 teaching Prince Józef Poniatowski how to ride, 1773]]

**Bernardo Bellotto** (1721 or 1722 &ndash; 17 October 1780) was an Italian urban landscape painter or *vedutista*, and printmaker in etching. Today, he is mostly remembered for his *vedute* of European cities (Dresden, Vienna, Turin and Warsaw). He was the pupil and nephew of Canaletto and sometimes used the latter's illustrious name, signing himself as Bernardo Canaletto.  In Germany and Poland, Bellotto called himself by his uncle's name, Canaletto.

In his paintings, Bellotto paid great attention to the way he represented works of architecture and how the light illuminated the scene. It is plausible that Bellotto, and other Venetian masters of *vedute*, may have used the camera obscura in order to achieve superior precision of urban views.

## Related pages
* List of Italian painters

## References
Dornier Do 17

.]]
The **Dornier Do 17** is a Nazi German military aircraft. It was used for the World War II as a bomber, night fighter, and reconnaissance plane. It's a twin-engines aircraft. It was used by *Luftwaffe* for Battle of France and after Battle of Britain. Maiden flight in 1934. More than 2100 examples were built. Do 217 and Do 317 are modern variants of it.

It was nicknamed the “flying pencil” for its thin fuselage. It’s successors, the Do-215 and Do-217, would inherit this nickname.

## Bibliography 
*
Ernest W. Burgess

**Ernest W. Burgess** (May 16, 1886–December 27, 1966) was an urban sociologist. He was born in Tilbury, Ontario, Canada. Burgess received his education at Kingfisher College in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. He did his graduate studies in sociology at the University of Chicago. In 1916, he returned to the University of Chicago, as a member of the faculty. Burgess was hired as an urban sociologist at the University of Chicago. He was the 24th President of the American Sociological Association (ASA). He made the Burgess model to show how big Chicago will grow in 1923. The Burgess model is also called the Concentric zone model.

## References
## Other websites
* American Sociological Association (ASA)
Beornwulf of Mercia

**Beornwulf** (died 826) was a Mercian nobleman who became the King of Mercia. Although not of the Mercian royal family himself he usurped the throne from Ceolwulf in 823. He ruled Mercia until his death three years later.

## King of Mercia 
Little is known about Beornwulf's family. He played a large part in Ceolwulf I losing the throne in 823. He succeeded Ceolwulf as king in the summer of 823. Beornwulf continued the campaign against Powys started by Coenwulf and his brother Ceolwulf I. In 825 Beornwulf invaded Wessex. In what Frank Stenton called "one of the most decisive battles of Anglo-Saxon history" Egbert defeated Beornwulf As a result, all of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and East Anglia submitted to Egbert of Wessex. Instead he instigated the East Anglians to revolt against Beornwulf. When Beornwulf tried to recover East Anglia in 826 he was killed in the attempt. He was succeeded by one of his ealdormen, Ludeca of Mercia.

## Notes 
## References
## Other websites 
* The Kings of Mercia
Juraj Dobrila University of Pula

The **Juraj Dobrila University of Pula** () is a university in the city of Pula, Croatia. It was created in 2006. As of 2011, the university had about 2,465 students.

## Faculties and Departments
The Juraj Dobrila University of Pula is an entirely integrated university, consisting of five departments:
* Faculty of Economics and Tourism "Dr. Mijo Mirković"
* Department of Humanities
* Department of Information Technology
* Department of Music
* Department for Studies in the Italian Language
* Teacher training department

## References
## Other websites 
* University of Pula website
French Resistance

gun, fought alongside Allied troops to take control of France away from Nazi Germany.]]

The **French Resistance** was a group of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German military occupation in France during World War II (1939–1945).  Resistance cells were small groups of armed men and women who killed German soldiers, published secret newspapers, collected information about the German army, and helped Allied soldiers and pilots who were trapped in France to get back to the United Kingdom. The men and women of the Resistance came from all levels of society and different religions.

The Allied armies helped the French Resistance by giving them guns and explosives. It was very dangerous to be a member of the French Resistance. Members who were caught by the Germans were often tortured and killed. When the Resistance killed a German officer, sometimes the Nazi army would kill large numbers of innocent civilians as retaliation.

The French Resistance helped the Allied armies to advance through France in 1944. After the invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944, and the invasion of Provence on 15 August, they gave the Allies information about the German defenses. The Resistance also  the electrical power grid, transportation methods, and telecommunications networks. During the Nazi occupation of France, the resistance was an inspiring example of patriotic behavior and bravery.

When the war was over, the Resistance executed about 9,000 French people who were working to help the Nazis. This included many members of the Milices, a fascist organization that helped Nazi Germany.
DJ Quik

**David Marvin Blake** (born January 18, 1970), better known by his stage names **DJ Quik** or **Da Quiksta**, is an American rapper , record producer, record executive and actor. Blake was born in Compton, California.

## Early life
Blake was born on January 18, 1970 in Compton, California. He was mainly inspired by funk and soul artists, such as Roger Troutman (who even taught him to use the talkbox, which became a trademark for Quik's sound throughout his career) and George Clinton. Out of respect for his beloved friend, Roger Troutman, he retired the talkbox. David's love for music began at age 2, as his mother had an extensive record collection. By age 12 he was already playing instruments. By the age of 21, he was a platinum-selling artist.

He began selling homemade mixtapes (notably *The Red Tape*, 1987) after he received a turntable for his 9th grade graduation. He then began doing shows DJing around Southern California, many of which ended in rival gang related altercations. He was a member of the Tree Top Pirus Bloods. In the 11th grade, Quik dropped out of high school. For a period of about three years he was homeless after his mother lost her home, due to foreclosure. He would later say that after his success in the rap world many of his family members "popped up".

## Discography
### Studio albums
**Quik Is the Name* (1991)
**Way 2 Fonky* (1992)
**Safe + Sound* (1995)
**Rhythm-al-ism* (1998)
**Balance & Options* (2000)
**Under tha Influence* (2002)
**Trauma* (2005)
**The Book of David* (2011)
**The Midnight Life* (2014)

### Live albums
**Greatest Hits: Live at the House of Blues* (2006)

### Collaboration albums
* *Blaqkout* with Kurupt (2009)
* *Rosecrans* with Problem (2017)

## Filmography
## Awards and nominations
**American Music Awards**

|-
|1992
|Himself
|Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist
|
|-

**Awards**

|-
|2012
|Himself
|Biggest Celebrity DJ
|
|-

## References
Rhythm section

A **rhythm section** is the group of musicians in a rock music, jazz, or country music group who play their instruments to set out the pulse or beat of the music. This is played in accompaniment to the rest of the band. Some of the rhythm section instruments, such as the guitar and the piano, also play the chord progression (sequence of chords) that a song is based upon. Some rhythm section instruments, such as the drums and percussion, are just used to set out the beat. Most rhythm sections include a bass instrument, such as the bass guitar or the double bass, which plays the deep, low notes of the chord progression.

## References
Middle Angles

The **Middle Angles** were an important ethnic group in the kingdom of Mercia during the Anglo-Saxon period. It is probable that Angles moved into the Midlands from East Anglia early in the 6th century. The area they occupied is now centred around modern Leicestershire and Northamptonshire. They were in place before the reign of Penda (c.626-655). He made his eldest son, Peada, King of the Middle Angles in 653. For some time they kept their own identity in Mercia. The Middle Angles had their own bishop based in Leicester.

## References
## Other websites
* The Middle Angles, Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms, *The History Files*
Ludeca of Mercia

**Ludeca** (died 827) was a Mercian nobleman and ealdorman. At the death of Beornwulf in 826 he became the King of Mercia. He ruled what was left of Mercia after Beornwulf's defeat by Egbert of Wessex at the Battle of Ellandun. He ruled Mercia until his own death, barely a year later.

## King of Mercia 
In 824 two charters of King Beornwulf are witnessed by Ludeca, then a member of his court. His title on those charters is . Nothing else is known of Ludeca. At Beornwulf's death he became king. But the kingdom Ludeca now ruled was just Mercia, Lindsey, Middle Anglia and the Mercian provinces of the Hwicce and Magonsæte. The East Anglians saw this as a chance for their independence from Mercia. A few months later Ludeca led his army against them but he was killed. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 825 (actual year 827) recorded: "In this year Ludecan, king of the Mercians, was slain, and his five aldormen [ealdormen] with him, and Wiglaf succeeded to the kingdom."

## Notes 
## References
## Other websites 
* The Kings of Mercia
Chamberlain, South Dakota

**Chamberlain** is a city in the central part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Brule County, and it is located along the Missouri River, across from Oacoma. It became a city in 1881, and 2,473 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## References
## Other websites
*City of Chamberlain website
Canaletto

**Giovanni Antonio Canal** (18 October 1697 – 19 April 1768) was an Italian painter from Venice. Today, he is mostly remembered for his landscape paintings. Some of these landscape paintings which resemble the views found on modern-day postcards are known as Vedutes today. He was also an important printmaker in etching.  

## Related pages
* List of Italian painters
Strip club

A **strip club** is a type of club that has performers who dance while removing their clothes and have security protect strip club. Most strip clubs are also bars which serve alcohol. Many communities have rules on strip clubs, such as rules on how many strip clubs are allowed to exist in the community, rules on the minimum distance that must be kept between dancers and customers, or rules on what clothing cannot be taken off (e.g. panties).

Some strip clubs offer lap dancing, which is a type of sex work that typically involves a female dancer pressing her body against a male customer for a fee.

Strip clubs can be a source of debates in a community. Iceland banned strip clubs for feminist reasons while in Britain there is still discussion about whether they are positive for women.

## References
Paul Mantee

**Paul Mantee** (January 9, 1931 – November 7, 2013) was an American movie and television actor. He was known for his roles in *Cagney & Lacey*, *Simon & Simon*, *Barnaby Jones*, and in *Quincy, M.E.*.

## Early life and career 
Mantee was born **Paul Marianetti** in San Francisco, California on January 9, 1931. He studied at San Mateo Junior College. Mantee enlisted in the U.S. Navy for four years during the Korean War that made him decide on acting as a career. 

## Personal life 
He was married to Suzy Davis Mantee. He was formerly married to actress Ann Newman. Mantee died on November 7, 2013 in his Los Angeles, California home from prostate cancer, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Paul Mantee at Allmovie
*Notice of death
Scott Carpenter

**Malcolm Scott Carpenter** (May 1, 1925 – October 10, 2013) was an American test pilot, astronaut, and aquanaut.  He was one of the original seven astronauts selected for NASA's Project Mercury in April 1959. Carpenter was the second American to orbit the Earth and the fourth American in space, following Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, and John Glenn.

He was married to feminist columnist Rene Carpenter.

Carpenter had a stroke and entered The Denver Hospice Inpatient Care Center at Lowry, Denver, Colorado where he died on October 10, 2013. He was 88 years old. 

## References
## Other websites
*NASA Biography
*Spacefacts biography of Scott Carpenter
*Personal Web Site 
*NYTimes obituary
Luciano Vincenzoni

**Luciano Vincenzoni** (7 March 1926 – 22 September 2013) was an Italian screenwriter, known as the "script doctor". He wrote for some 65 movies between 1954 and 2000. He is known for his works in *For a Few Dollars More* (1965) and *The Good, the Bad and the Ugly* in 1966, but he also wrote for a number of other Spaghetti westerns.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Official web site about the documentary based on the Vincenzoni's life
Poseur

**Poseur** (or **poser**) is a negative term used by some subcultures. It describes a person who copies the style or mannerisms of a subculture, but who is not considered to belong to it. It implies that the person is , and is considered not to share or understand the values or philosophy of that culture.

A person may copy the style of a particular subculture to be accepted within that group or for popularity among various other groups.

The term is often used in the punk, heavy metal, hip hop, and goth subcultures, or the skateboarding and surfing communities. For example, in the hardcore punk scene, older punks may view a young punk with an "anarchy" symbol on their shirt as a poseur if the older punks think the young punk does not understand what the symbol means.
Merton College, Oxford

**Merton College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1264 by Walter de Merton, who was the Chancellor to Henry III and Edward I.  It claims to be the oldest college in Oxford, although Balliol College and University College also claim to be the oldest.

Construction of the college at its present location began in the 1270s. Its buildings are among the oldest in Oxford.

## References
Regions of the Philippines

In the Philippines, **regions** (Filipino: *rehiyon*) are administrative divisions that serve primarily to organize the provinces (Filipino: *lalawigan, probinsiya*) of the country for administrative convenience. Most government offices are established by region instead of individual provincial offices, usually (but not always) in the city that is the regional center.

The regions themselves do not possess a separate local government, with the exception of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, which has an elected regional assembly and governor.

## List of regions
The Philippines has 17 administrative regions. Fourteen of these regions are designated with numbers corresponding to their geographic location in order from north to south. The National Capital Region, Cordillera Administrative Region, and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao do not have numerical designations.

These regions are geographically combined into the three island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Following is a list of the regions in their island groupings.

The regions CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, and SOCCSKSARGEN are written with upper case characters because they are acronyms that stand for their component provinces or cities. CALABARZON stands for **CA**vite, **LA**guna, **BA**tangas, **R**izal and Que**ZON**; MIMAROPA stands for Occidental and Oriental **MI**ndoro, **MA**rinduque, **RO**mblon and  **PA**lawan; and SOCCSKSARGEN stands for **SO**uth **C**otabato, **C**otabato, **S**ultan **K**udarat, **SAR**angani and **GEN**eral Santos.

## References
## Related pages
* Provinces of the Philippines

## Other websites
*National Statistical Coordination Board 
*National Statistics Office
Paul Baum

s at a brook, Sint Anna Ter Mulden, by Paul Baum]]
**Paul Baum** (22 September 1859 – 15 May 1932) was a German painter. At first he was an Impressionist painter, but later developed to be a Post-Impressionist. He was one of the main post-impressionist German artists. He worked as a teacher at different art schools. Today, he is mostly known for his landscape paintings. Most of the landscapes were from Flanders or the Netherlands.
Stein Grieg Halvorsen

**Halvor Bernt Stein Grieg Halvorsen** (19 October 1909 – 11 November 2013) was a Norwegian stage actor.

Halvorsen was born in Oslo, Norway on 19 October 1909. He was married to Elizabeth Thaulow from 1940 until her death in 1968. Then he was married to Vibeke Falk from 1971 until his death in 2013.

His son, Stein Johan Grieg Halvorsen, is half of the comedy duo *Erlend & SteinJo*, who rose to fame in the 1990s. 

Halvorsen died of natural causes on 11 November 2013 in his Oslo, Norway home. He died three weeks after his 104th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Shirley Mitchell

**Shirley Mitchell** (November 4, 1919 – November 11, 2013) was an American radio, movie, and television actress. She was known for her role as Marion Strong in *I Love Lucy* in which she appeared in only three episodes. 

Mitchell was born in Toledo, Ohio on November 4, 1919. She studied at the University of Toledo and at the University of Michigan. Mitchell was married to Julian Frieden from 1946 until they divorced in 1974. Then she was married to Jay Livingston from 1992 until his death in 2001. She had two children with Frieden. Mitchell died on November 11, 2013 in Westwood, California from natural causes, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
University College, Oxford

**University College** is one of the colleges of Oxford University. The full name of University College is "The Masters and Fellows of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford". It is commonly called simply "The Univ".

According to legend, the college was founded by Alfred the Great in 872. Most historians agree, however, that the college originated in 1249 from a bequest by William of Durham. The college claims to be the oldest at Oxford. Balliol College and Merton College also claim to be the oldest college in Oxford.

The current buildings of the college were begun in the 17th Century.

Famous former students include British Prime Ministers Clement Attlee and Harold Wilson, American President Bill Clinton, Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke, authors Percy Bysshe Shelley, C.S. Lewis, and V. S. Naipaul, and physicist Stephen Hawking.

In 1979 The Univ started letting female undergraduate students study there.

## Other websites
*Official website

## References
Blunt trauma

**Blunt trauma** is a kind of trauma that usually results from being hit by something dull and firm (like a car, a fist, or the ground). It is also called **blunt force trauma**. This is different from penetrating trauma (also called an insult) where an object, such as a bullet or knife enters the body.

Common types of blunt force trauma include:
* Being in a car accident (this is the most common cause of blunt force trauma)
* Being hit by another person with a fist or with something that is not sharp, like a bat
* Falling and hitting the ground (like falling down the stairs)
* Jumping or falling from a high place

## What kinds of problems can blunt force trauma cause?
If blunt force trauma is not too severe, it may cause only cuts (lacerations), bruises (contusions), and scrapes (abrasions). However, bad blunt force trauma can cause many serious problems, like:
* Head and brain injuries
* Spinal cord injuries
* Crushing of the airways, making it difficult or impossible to breath
* Damage to organs (for example, collapsed lungs)
* Broken bones
* Severe bleeding, which can be internal (inside the body)

## References
Lap dance

A **lap dance** is a type of sex work performed in some strip clubs (clubs in which women or men take off their clothes as they dance to music). In this, a dancer performs an erotic dance either contacting their body (contact dancing) with a seated patron or within a very short distance of a seated patron.

The dancer may be naked, topless or wearing a bikini top and bottom, depending on the laws in the jurisdiction of the strip club and the club's policies. With full-contact lap dances, the stripper may engage in contact with the patron, such as pressing his or her body against the patron. Different types include a *couch dance*, which is a lap dance where the customer is seated on a couch, and bed dance where the customer lies down on a bed. 

In some clubs, a "block session" of lap dance (usually half an hour to an hour) can be booked in a "champagne room", which is a private room in the back of a club. In many clubs, the duration of a lap dance is measured by the length of the song being played by the club's DJ. Charges for lap dances vary.

Depending on the local jurisdiction and community standards, lap dances can involve touching of the dancer by the patron, touching the patron by the dancer, neither, or both. In some clubs, any touching by the patron is forbidden. On the other hand, if a club does not enforce its rules, levels of contact may be negotiable between the participants. Clubs vary widely with regard to whether they enforce their rules or ignore any violations.

Critics of lapdancing say that some club owners, by installing dark private booths and charging dancers high stage fees to work at the club, are encouraging the sale of sexual acts between customers and dancers.  According to the UK paper The Guardian, "Research shows that the majority of women become lap-dancers through poverty and lack of other jobs".
## References
Karla Álvarez

**Karla Mercedes Álvarez Báez ** (15 October 1972 – 15 November 2013) was a Mexican actress. She was best known for her roles including *Maria Mercedes* and *Alma Rebelde* and as a contestant for *Big Brother VIP* in 2003. 

Álvarez was born on 15 October 1972 in Mexico City, Mexico. She was married to Alexis Ayala until they divorced. On 15 November 2013, Álvarez was found dead at her apartment in Mexico City due to respiratory failure. She was rumored to have suffered from alcoholism and allegedly had an eating disorder.

## References
## Other websites
*
Harrisburg, South Dakota

**Harrisburg** is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Lincoln County, about three miles south of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1873, and 6,732 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## References
## Other websites
*City of Harrisburg website
John Y. McCollister

**John Yetter McCollister** (June 10, 1921 – November 1, 2013) was an American politician. He was a Nebraska Republican politician. He served two terms from 1965 to 1970 as the Douglas County Commissioner. 

He was a delegate to the Nebraska State Republican conventions from 1960 to 1970, and delegate to the 1968 Republican National Convention. In 1976, he decided to run instead for U.S. Senate but was unsuccessful, losing to Omaha Mayor Edward Zorinsky by a 53% to 47% margin. He was a presidential elector for Nebraska in 2000. 

McCollister was born in Iowa City, Iowa on June 10, 1921. In 1939 he graduated from Washington High School in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and in 1943 he graduated from the University of Iowa in Iowa City. 

McCollister was married to Nanette Stokes from 1943 until his death in 2013. He died on November 1, 2013 in Omaha, Nebraska from prostate cancer, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
William J. Coyne

**William Joseph Coyne** (August 24, 1936 – November 3, 2013) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.  

Coyne was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Central Catholic High School in 1954, and received a B.S. in accounting from Robert Morris College. 

Coyne was elected to Congress in 1980, succeeding 24-year incumbent William S. Moorhead in a district taking in most of Pittsburgh. He was reelected ten times, never facing serious opposition. He was a longtime member of the United States House Committee on Ways and Means

In 2002, Coyne's district was combined with the district of Mike Doyle, a somewhat more moderate Democrat. Although the new district contained more of Coyne's territory than Doyle's, Coyne retired to avoid the possibility of two Democratic incumbents facing each other in the primary elections.  

Coyne died at the age of 77 on November 3, 2013, two months after falling and sustaining head injuries in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## References
## Other websites
* Voting record  at the *Washington Post*
* Congressman William J. Coyne's Webpage **archived**
Roger Schmidt

**Roger Schmidt** (; born 13 March 1967) is a German professional football manager and former player.

## Career
Schmidt was an engineer before he was a footballer. As player he played for SC Verl and SC Paderborn as a midfielder.

## Manager
He started his career as a manager with Delbrücker SC, went on to Preußen Münster and then to Paderborn 07.

He then went to FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Bundesliga, the top level league in Austrian football. Although the team gained goal and point record they finished only second. Being in danger to lose his job a lot of the fans declared their solidarity.

In 2014, he transferred to Bayer 04 Leverkusen. In June 2017 Schmidt joined Chinese Super League Beijing Sinobo Guoan. On 31 July 2019, he was sacked by Beijing Sinobo Guoan.  On 11 March 2020 he became new manager of PSV Eindhoven. On 18 May   2022 he became coach of Benfica Lissabon In his first season in Portugal, he led Benfica to their 38th championship.

## References
## Other websites
*
Christopher Koch

**Christopher John Koch** AO (16 July 1932 – 23 September 2013) was an Australian novelist. He is best known for his 1978 novel *The Year of Living Dangerously*, which was made into an award-winning movie. 

He won the Miles Franklin Award twice; *The Doubleman* in 1985, and *Highways to a War* in 1996. In 1995 he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for contribution to Australian literature.

Koch was born in Hobart, Tasmania in 16 July 1932. He was educated at Clemes College, St Virgil's College, Hobart High School and the University of Tasmania.

Koch died at his home in Hobart on 23 September 2013, aged 81. He had been diagnosed with prostate cancer twelve months earlier.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Christopher Koch at Random House Australia 
*Podcast of Christopher Koch discussing “Crossing the Gap: Asia and the Australian Imagination” at the Shanghai International Literary Festival
Winner, South Dakota

**Winner** is a city in the southern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Tripp County, and it also administrates nearby Todd County, which does not have a county seat. It became a city in 1911, and 2,921 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## References
## Other websites
*City of Winner website
Al Ruscio

**Alfred Ruscio** (June 2, 1924 &ndash; November 12, 2013) was an American actor who appeared in many television series and movies. He was known for his roles in *Showgirls*, *The Godfather Part III*, *MacGyver*, *The A-Team*, and in *Seinfeld*.

Ruscio was born on June 2, 1924 in Salem, Massachusetts to Italian parents. He studied at Salem High School and at the Neighborhood Playhouse. Ruscio was married to Kate Williamson from 1954 until his death in 2013. They had four children. Ruscio died on November 12, 2013 in Los Angeles, California from renal failure, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
New Centre-Right

**New Centre-Right** (, NCD) is a political party in Italy.

## History
It was created on 15 November 2013 by Angelino Alfano. It split from Silvio Berlusconi's The People of Freedom party.

## References
Saloon

**Saloon** can mean several things:

* Another name for a bar, where alcohol is served
** Western saloon, a historical style of bar in the United States
** One of the bars in a public house (pub)
* Another name for a barber's shop
* The centre room of a suite of state rooms
* Sedan (car), a car design
Extreme Championship Wrestling

**Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW)** was a professional wrestling company that ran from April 25, 1992 to April 4, 2001. The company was known for its hardcore style of wrestling as well as Mexican (lucha libre) and Japanese (puroresu) styles of wrestling.

The company was originally known as **Eastern Championship Wrestling** and was owned by Tod Gordon. It was then renamed Extreme Championship Wrestling and Paul Heyman was brought in as the new owner after Tod Gordon sold ECW to him in 1995. The World Wrestling Federation (now known as WWE) purchased Extreme Championship Wrestling after Heyman filed for bankruptcy on April 4, 2001.

WWE made a pay-per-view called ECW One Night Stand on June 12, 2005 which featured former ECW wrestlers. They made another ECW One Night Stand on June 11, 2006 which helped introduce the restart of the ECW franchise as a WWE brand like Raw and SmackDown. Paul Heyman was also brought back to be the new figurehead for the ECW brand and he reintroduced the ECW World Heavyweight Championship as the brand's world title. He gave it to Rob Van Dam after Van Dam won the WWE Championship at the 2006 One Night Stand. The brand existed until February 16, 2010.

## Last champions
 as both ECW World Tag Team Champion and ECW World Television Champion]]

## References
## Other websites
*ECW on WWE.com
Bar

**Bar** or **BAR** can refer to several things:

* Bar (business), a place that serves alcohol
* Bar (law), the division of a courtroom between working and public areas
** Bar association, a body of barristers or lawyers
* Bar (music), a segment in musical notation
* Bar (unit), a unit of pressure
* Shoal, or sand bar, a landform made of sand in the sea
* Bavarian language, ISO 639-3 code BAR
* British American Racing, a Formula One constructor
* Bar-le-Duc, a town in France
* M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle, a design of rifles and guns
* A type of gatehouse
* A type of diacritic
Battle of Ellandun

The **Battle of Ellandun** (also spelled **Ellendun**) was fought in 825 between the armies of Egbert of Wessex and Beornwulf of Mercia. Although costly to both sides, King Egbert won. The battle effectively brought an end to Mercian supremacy in southern England. It gave Wessex dominance over the remaining Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the south. A century later the kingdom of Wessex became the kingdom of England.

## Background 
During the 8th century and early 9th centuries, the kings of Mercia exercised varying degrees of overlordship over the kingdoms of south-eastern England. Some even ruled other kingdoms directly. While Wessex had at times been obliged to recognise the power of Mercian kings there was usually a strong resistance to allowing them to directly rule Wessex.

Beorhtric of Wessex (786–802) had probably received help from Offa of Mercia (757–796) in becoming king of Wessex. In 789 he married Eadburh, Offa's daughter. For the remainder of his rule Wessex was subordinate to Mercia. He allowed sub-kings to rule it for him. 
Beginning in 825 Egbert began a series of military operations with the intent of increasing his over Wales. At the same time the new king of Mercia, Beornwulf, having had extended his authority over Kent, Essex and Middlesex decided to invade Wessex.

## The battle 
Egbert was in Cornwall with his army when he received word that the Mercians had invaded Wessex. He led his army back into Wessex and met Beornwulf and his army at Ellendun (now Wroughton south of Swindon). In what Frank Stenton called "one of the most decisive battles of Anglo-Saxon history", Egbert defeated Beornwulf. The victory over Mercia shifted the balance of power to Egbert. He was now the most accomplished king in southern England.

## Shift in power 
Immediately Egbert sent his son Athelwulf with an army to overthrow Baldred, the Mercian sub-king in Kent. As a result, all of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and East Anglia submitted to Egbert. In 830 Wiglaf returned to power in Mercia, but the gains of Kent and southwest England remained with Wessex. Egbert died 4 February 839. He left a territory larger than any other Wessex king since Ine.

## Notes 
## References
Pawn shop

, which is three balls.]]
A **pawn shop** (also called a **pawnshop** or **pawnbroker**) is a shop or business that loans money to people who bring in valuable items which they leave with the pawnbroker. Common examples of items left by customers are jewelry, cameras, musical instruments, or gadgets like computers and smartphones.

The valuables that people leave are called the "". The person can get their valuable item back from the pawnbroker if they pay back the money they were loaned and pay interest on the loan. Interest is a fee for getting to use someone else's money for a set time period. If the person who has borrowed money from the pawnbroker does not repay the loan and interest within an agreed-upon time limit, the pawnbroker can sell the valuable item to another customer to get back the money they loaned.

To prevent thieves from using pawnshops as a way to get money from stolen goods, many communities have laws requiring that people who bring in valuable items to the pawnshop have to show identification, such as a driver's licence.

## References
Tipping

A **tip** (also called a **gratuity**) is an amount of money given as  to somebody who has provided a service. It is normally in addition to any fee that is charged. It is a custom in many societies. For example, after people finish eating dinner at a restaurant, even after they have paid the  for the food, they leave some extra money on the table to thank the server.

Tipping and the amount of money that people give as tips varies between countries. In some locations tipping is discouraged and considered insulting. In other locations tipping is expected from customers. The tip can be a specific range of money or a percentage of the bill, such as 15 percent or 20 percent. In some circumstances, such as with government workers in some areas, giving tips is against the law. Some restaurants charge a service charge and add it onto the bill. In this case, you do not have to leave a tip. For many service workers, like servers, bartenders, and taxi drivers, tips are an important part of their income.
North Sioux City, South Dakota

**North Sioux City** is a city in the far southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Union County, near the junction of the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River. North Sioux City is near the borders of Iowa and Nebraska, and it is a suburb of Sioux City, Iowa. It became a city in 1951, and 3,042 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## References
## Other websites
*City of North Sioux City website
Vidkun Quisling

**Vidkun Quisling** (18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian politician. He was involved in the German invasion of Norway during World War II. On 9 April 1940, with the invasion in progress, he seized power of the country. In 1942 with the help of the Nazis he became Prime Minister. 

His government helped the Nazi German government to find Jews, who were then killed. In 1945, when Germany lost the war, Vidkun was put on trial for high treason. He was found guilty, and then executed by firing squad. Today, the name "quisling" is still used as a way of calling someone a traitor.
Norwegian campaign

The **German invasion of Norway** occurred on 8 April 1940 during World War II and led to battles between the Allies and Nazi Germany.

In April 1940, the United Kingdom and France decided to help Norway by sending soldiers and warships. The Battle of France began and the Allies had to withdraw. The Norwegian government had to escape from Norway and seek exile in London.

Even though the Germans occupied Norway, some Norwegians formed the Norwegian resistance and kept fighting the Germans. Norway held off the Germans for 62 days, which made Norway the nation that withstood a German invasion for the second-longest time, after the Soviet Union.
Norwegian resistance movement

s from Norway doing military training in Sweden.]]
During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany. The **Norwegian Resistance** rebelled against the invasion and occupation by the Nazis. It lasted from 1940 to 1945. It supported the Norwegian government-in-exile that was formed outside of the country as the true government of Norway. They discouraged Norwegians from following the pro-Nazi Norwegian government formed by Vidkun Quisling.

The Norwegian Resistance helped the original members of the Norwegian government to escape from Norway. They were lucky that they escaped alive, because the Germans tried to kill them. They managed to get to the coast where a British warship picked them up.

The Norwegian Resistance also carried out armed resistance against the Nazi soldiers. This included  (breaking or destroying things), assassinations, and exploding German ships with bombs. The Norwegian Resistance also did unarmed civil disobedience actions, like protests.
Sexless marriage

A **sexless marriage** is a marriage in which the partners do not have sex very often or at all. The U.S. National Health and Social Life Survey in 1994 (Laumann et al. 1994) found that 2 percent of the married people who answered said they did not have sex in the past year. The definition of a sexless marriage is often broadened, to include marriages where sex occurs less than ten times per year. Using this definition, 20 percent of the couples in the National Health and Social Life Survey would be in the category. *Newsweek* magazine says that 15 to 20 percent of couples in the U.S. are in a sexless relationship. Sexlessness means being without sexual activity. Sexlessness is sometimes promoted by some religious groups. This includes religious groups promoting abstinence or celibacy. There are also cultural groups who promote some types of sexlessness. These include groups like fapstinence or nofappers. Sexlessness among lesbian couples is called *lesbian bed death*. Some studies show that females gays are more likely to have sexlessness in their relationship than male gays. But sexlessness can also be harmful for allosexual adults. For example sexlessness in allosexual adults can cause death-grip syndrome or genital atrophy. Besides death-grip syndrome and genital atrophy, sexlessness can also cause emotional unhappiness and low self-esteem.

## References
Emptiness

**Emptiness** is a  of general boredom, feeling socially separated from other people, and feeling that you do not care any more. Feelings of emptiness often accompany depression, loneliness, or despair. A sense of emptiness is also part of a natural process of grief, caused by separation from or the death of somebody you love.

While Christianity and Western sociologists and psychologists consider a state of emptiness as a negative, bad condition, in some Eastern philosophies such as Buddhist philosophy and Taoism, emptiness is seen as a real achievement.
Jameela Jamil

**Jameela Jamil** (born 25 February 1986) is an English television and radio presenter. She hosts *The Official Chart* on BBC Radio 1. 

Jamil was born in Hampstead, London to an India father and an English mother.

In 2012 the first collection by 'JAM by Jameela Jamil' was released on Very.co.uk.

Jamil played Tahani on *The Good Place*, a sitcom that ran from 2016 to 2020. It won a Peabody Award in 2019.

## References
## Other websites
*Official blog
Suppressive fire

In the military, **suppressive fire** (also called "covering fire") is shooting that  an enemy force so they cannot fulfill their  (what they were trying to do). This hindrance usually only works for as long as the machine gun or artillery gun is being shot.
Worthing, South Dakota

**Worthing** is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Lincoln County, about ten miles south of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1879, and 927 people lived there at the 2020 census. Since 2010, Worthing has been the home of the LifeLight Music Festival, the largest free music festival in the world.

## References
## Other websites
*City of Worthing website
Tel Aviv Bauhaus Center

The **Bauhaus Center** is a gallery, shop and information center for the Bauhaus (modernist) architecture of Tel Aviv. It is a private institution, working together with public organizations such as Tel Aviv City Hall and UNESCO. It is located at 77 Dizengoff Street in the White City of Tel Aviv area.

## Other websites 
* Tel Aviv Bauhaus Center website
* 
* 
* Review of the Center on Fodor's travel guide
* Reviews on TripAdvisor travel website
Primarily Obsessional OCD

**Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder** (also called **purely obsessional OCD**) is a less common type of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). People with primarily obsessional OCD have different types of . These compulsions are more difficult to see than ones that people with regular OCD have (such as checking things, counting things, and washing their hands). People with primarily obsessional OCD may do rituals. These mostly happen in their mind. Primarily obsessional OCD can give people bad thoughts. These thoughts may be scary or violent.

## References 
## Related pages 
* Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
* Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Survivor Series (2012)

**Survivor Series (2012)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It took place on November 18, 2012 at the Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the 26th Survivor Series event held by WWE.

In the main event, CM Punk defeated John Cena and Ryback in a Triple Threat match to keep his WWE Championship. It is also famous for the main roster debut of The Shield (Dean Ambrose, Roman Reigns, and Seth Rollins), who beat up Ryback and helped Punk win the match. Other title matches saw Big Show keep his World Heavyweight Championship against Sheamus via disualification, Eve Torres keep her Divas Championship against Kaitlyn, and Antonio Cesaro keep his United States Championship against R-Truth.

## Matches
### Survivor Series elimination matches 
## References
## Other websites
*Official Survivor Series 2012 website
Hertford College, Oxford

**Hertford College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The full name of the college is the **Principal, Fellows and Scholars of Hertford College in the University of Oxford**. It is best-known for its bridge, called "The Bridge of Sighs".

Hertford was originally known as "Hart Hall". The land for Hart Hall was bought by Elias de Hertford in 1282. Hart Hall was a residence for students at other colleges in Oxford. In 1312, Hart Hall was purchased by Walter de Stapledon, who was the Bishop of Exeter.  De Stapledon founded Exeter College and Hart Hall was controlled by Exeter College for many years.

In 1710, William Newton became the Principal of Hart Hall.  In 1723, Newton formally proposed that Hart Hall be chartered as its own college. In 1740 a charter was granted for the new Hertford College. After Newton died, however, the college declined, and it was dissolved in 1816.

The grounds of the college was taken over by Magdalen Hall. Magdalen Hall began as a grammar school associated with Magdalen College in 1480. Magdalen Hall moved to the site of the former Hertford College in 1822. It grew at the new site, and in 1874, Magdalen Hall was given a charter as Hertford College. The new name was chosen so that it would not be confused with Magdalen College, and because it was on the location of the former Hertford College.

## References
Carla Bruni

**Carla Bruni**, now known by her name of use **Carla Bruni-Sarkozy** (born **Carla Gilberta Bruni Tedeschi**; 23 December 1967 in Turin, Italy) is an Italian-French singer, songwriter and former model. From 2008 to 2012, Bruni was the First Lady of France.

She married then President of the French Republic Nicolas Sarkozy in February 2008. They have one child.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*Carla Bruni: from catwalk to Elysee  – *Expatica*, 11 February 2008