open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Human Touch

***Human Touch*** is the ninth studio album by Bruce Springsteen. It was released on 31 March, 1992 along with its follow-up *Lucky Town* through Columbia Records. It topped the album charts in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, Italy, Norway and Austria and made number 2 in both the United States and Canada.

## Track listing
All music and lyrics by Bruce Springsteen, except where noted

### Unreleased outtakes
Springsteen's first album without the E Street Band featured numerous outtakes, many of which have been released. A cover of "Viva Las Vegas" was released as a B-side and on *The Essential Bruce Springsteen*, "Chicken Lips and Lizard Hips" was released on a children's album, and "30 Days Out" was also a B-side. "Part Man, Part Monkey", a track originally recorded during the *Tunnel of Love* session and performed on that tour, was re-recorded and released as a B-side and on *Tracks* along with other outtakes such as "Trouble In Paradise", "Sad Eyes", "Leavin' Train", "Seven Angels", "My Lover Man", "When the Lights Go Out", "Over the Rise", "Goin' Cali" and "Loose Change". "Trouble River" was released on *18 Tracks*. Springsteen also recorded "Red-Headed Woman", a tribute to his wife Patti Scialfa and a song performed often, eventually released as a live version on the *MTV Unplugged* album, "Secret Garden", which would later get re-worked with the reunited E Street Band in 1995 for *Greatest Hits*, and "All the Way Home", a song Springsteen gave to Southside Johnny and one that Springsteen would not release until 2005's *Devils & Dust*.

*"Red Headed Woman"
*"Secret Garden"
*"All the Way Home"

## References
Ramón Freire

**Ramón Freire Serrano**  (November 29, 1787 – December 9, 1851) was a Chilean political figure. He was head of state on several occasions, and enjoyed a numerous following until the War of the Confederation. Ramón Freire was one of the principal leaders of the liberal *Pipiolo* movement. He has been praised by historian Gabriel Salazaras the most democratic leader of the early republican period in Chile.
Cotacachi

**Cotacachi** is a town that is the seat of Cotacachi Canton, Imbabura Province, Ecuador, in South America. Cotacachi is located at an altitude of  and had a population of 8,848 in 2010.

## References
Santiago Calatrava

**Santiago Calatrava Valls** (born 28 July 1951) is a Spanish-Swiss architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter. He is known for his bridges, railway stations, stadiums, and museums. 

His best-known works include the Olympic Sports Complex of Athens, the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Turning Torso tower in Malmö, Sweden, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub in New York City, the Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas, Texas, and his largest project, the City of Arts and Sciences and Opera House in Valencia.

## References
## Other websites
* Great Buildings On-Line: Santiago Calatrava
* Extended profile of the architect in the NYRB, December 2006
* *The New Yorker*, 31 October 2005, "The Sculptor"
* *The Guardian*, 17 January 2006, "The Gaudí Effect"
* Pictures and profile at Specifier
* CNN interview with Santiago Calatrava
José Bernardo de Tagle

**José Bernardo de Tagle y Portocarrero**, **4th Marquis of Torre Tagle** (21 March 1779 – 26 September 1825), was a Peruvian soldier and politician who served as the Interim President of Peru in 1823 as well as the second President of Peru from 1823 to 1824.
Agustín Gamarra

**Agustín Gamarra Messia** (27 August 1785 – 18 November 1841) was a Peruvian soldier and politician, who served as the 4th and 6th President of Peru.
Luis José de Orbegoso

**Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada-Galindo, de Burutarán y Morales** (August 25, 1795 – February 5, 1847), was an aristocratic Peruvian soldier and politician, who served as the 5th President of Peru as well as the first President of North Peru. This was a time of profound social instability and continuing civil war.

## References
Wulin (disambiguation)

**Wulin** is the ancient name and chiefly literary or poetic synonym of Hangzhou, China.

**Wulin** may also refer to:

## Places in Hangzhou
* Wulin Lakes (武林水), the ancient name of West Lake in Hangzhou
* Wulin Academy of Arts (武林書畫院), the art academy of Hangzhou
* Wulin Square (武林廣場), a public square in Hangzhou

## Martial arts
* Wulin (武林), the fictional society of Chinese martial arts heroes in Wuxia fiction.
Morality and religion

Religion and morality are not the same thing. There is often a link between **morality and religion** but this is not always true. The religion of a person will often affect the moral values of that person. Most religions have ideas as to what is right or wrong, or how a person should behave in a given situation. Most civilizations also have a moral code that that group of people find acceptable. These two codes are not always the same. Religion are often built around  on morality. They will often develop alongside morality, but morality does not always depend upon religion. People who do not follow a religion also have moral values. In some cases, political leaders say what people should see as right or wrong. Philosophical frameworks such as consequentialism, freethought, utilitarianism and humanism also have a moral component. None of these are influenced by religion. 

## References
José de la Riva Agüero

**José Mariano de la Cruz de la Riva Agüero y Sánchez Boquete**, Marquess of Montealegre de Aulestia (3 May 1783 – 21 May 1858) was a soldier, politician, and historian who served as the 1st President of Peru and 2nd President of North Peru. He was the first Head of State who had the title of President of the Republic.
Amna Abdullatif

**Amna Abdullatif**  is a member of Manchester City Council  representing the Ardwick ward since 2019. She works as a community psychologist in voluntary organisations. She was elected as a Labour councillor.  She is the first Arab Muslim woman councillor in the city. She resigned from the party in October 2023 as a protest against  what she said were "horrifying comments" by  Keir Starmer about the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.  She said he showed a "lack of humanity" to Palestinians.

In 2021 she organised a petition to ban racists from football games.  It got three quarters of a million signatures in 24 hours.  After UEFA Euro 2020  racist social media posts were made at footballers Marcus Rashford, Jadon Sancho and Bukayo Saka.

She set up The Three Hijabis as an anti-racist platform with two other British Muslim women football fans who wear the hijab, Shaista Aziz and Huda Jawad.

In 2016 she was given an award by the Remembering Srebrenica organisation.

## References
High Hopes (Tim Scott McConnell song)

"**High Hopes**" is a song written by songwriter Tim Scott McConnell and recorded by Bruce Springsteen and E Street Band. It was taken from his EP *Blood Brothers (EP)*. It was originally recorded by Tim Scott McConnell in 1985.

## 2013 re-recording
In November 2013, Springsteen released a new recording of the single and used it as the title track to his 18th studio album *High Hopes*. It went to number 15 on the Billboard Adult Alternative Songs chart.

## References
Disfranchisement

**Disenfranchisement**, **disfranchisement** or **voter disqualification** is removing the right to vote from people. This means that people who would normally have the right to vote - or to be elected in the place where they live - cannot do that. 

There are different reasons, why this is done. The most common ones are:

* Age - most countries set a minimum age. People that are younger usually cannot vote. Sometimes, there also is a maximum age. The age for voting and that for being elected are different. The minimum age for voting is usually close to that of turning adult. Often it is slightly different, though. See: voting age.
* Gender - while most counties have changed that, there are still some which do not allow women to vote, or be elected. See: women's suffrage.
* Citizenship / Place of residence -  In many cases, only the citizens can vote in the country where they live. In some cases, foreigners who have lived in the country for a long time can also vote in certain elections. The right to vote of citizens that live outside the country is sometimes restricted.
* Disability - In certain countries, people with certain disabilities cannot vote in elections. These disabilities usually refer to mental illnesses, and not for making voting stations wheelchair accessible, or for providing voting material for blind people, for example. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities says that people with disabilities cannot be excluded from voting or being elected, because of their disability.
* Illness - People with certain mental illnesses have trouble telling what is real, or they have trouble seeing what is right or wrong. These people are usually excluded from voting or being elected.
* Crime - people who committed a crime, and are sent to prison because of that crime are sometimes excluded from voting.
Pseudophilautus stictomerus

The **orange-canthal shrub frog** (*Pseudophilautus stictomerus*) is a frog.  It lives in southwestern Sri Lanka. People have seen it between 60 and 515 meters above sea level.

## References
No Secrets (song)

"**No Secrets**" is a 1980 song by Australian rock band The Angels. It is the leading single from their fourth studio album *Dark Room* and went to number 8 in Australia.

## Track listing
**Epic Records ES 417**
# "No Secrets" (Graham Bidstrup, Doc Neeson) - 4:17
# "Staring Voices" (Doc Neeson, John Brewster, Rick Brewster, Graham Buzz" Bidstrup) -  2:39

## References
Université de Montréal

The **Université de Montréal** (**UdeM**; French pronunciation: [ynivɛʁsite də mɔ̃ʁeal]; translates to **University of Montreal**) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university's main campus is located in the Côte-des-Neiges neighborhood of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce on Mount Royal near the Outremont Summit (also called Mount Murray), in the borough of Outremont. There are thirteen faculties, more than sixty departments and two affiliated schools: the Polytechnique Montréal (School of Engineering; formerly the École polytechnique de Montréal) and HEC Montréal (School of Business). It offers more than 650 undergraduate programmes and graduate programmes, including 71 doctoral programmes.

The university was founded as part of the Université Laval in 1878. It became an independent institution after it was issued a papal charter in 1919 and a provincial charter in 1920. Université de Montréal moved from Montreal's Quartier Latin to its present location at Mount Royal in 1942. It was made a secular institution with the passing of another provincial charter in 1967.

It is co-educational, and has 34,335 undergraduate and 11,925 post-graduate students (excluding affiliated schools). 

## References
University of Alberta

The **University of Alberta** is a public research university in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was started in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford, the first premier of Alberta, and Henry Marshall Tory, the university's first president.

There are  four campuses in Edmonton, an Augustana Campus in Camrose, and a staff centre in downtown Calgary.  There are 39,000 students.  It has 18 faculties.

## References
Fernando Márquez de la Plata

**Fernando Márquez de la Plata y Orozco** (30 August 1740 – 17 December 1818) was a Spanish colonial functionary, and a member of the First Government Junta of Chile.he is president of Chile.
United States congressional delegations from Alabama

Since Alabama became a U.S. state in 1819, it has sent  congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Each state votes for senators for 6 years. Each state also votes for a house representative for 2 years. Before become a state, the territory of Alabama elected a non-voting representative for Congress.

These are lists of the delegations from Alabama to the United States Congress.

## Current delegation
! Class II senator
! Class III senator

|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| **Tommy Tuberville**
| **Katie  Britt**

|-
! Party
| 
| 

|-
! Incumbent since
| January 3, 2021
| January 3, 2023
|}
Alabama's current congressional delegation in the  has two senators, who are both Republican. Alabama also has 7 representatives, 6 of them are Republican while the other one is a Democrat.

The current dean of the Alabama delegation is Representative Robert Aderholt. He has served in the U.S. Congress since 1997.

## United States Senate
## United States House of Representatives
### 1818–1819: 1 non-voting delegate
Starting on January 29, 1818, Alabama Territory sent a non-voting delegate to the House.

### 1819–1823: 1 seat
After being allowed into the Union on December 14, 1819, Alabama had one seat in the House.

### 1823–1833: 3 seats
After the 1820 census, Alabama had three seats.

### 1833–1843: 5 seats
After the 1830 census, Alabama had five seats. During the 27th Congress, those seats were voted on across the state at-large on a general ticket.

### 1843–1863: 7 seats
After the 1840 census, Alabama re-continued using districts. They now had 7 districts.

### 1863–1873: 6 seats
After the 1860 census, Alabama was given six seats.

### 1873–1893: 8 seats
After the 1870 census, Alabama was allowed eight seats. From 1873 to 1877, the two new seats were elected at large, statewide. However after 1877, the delegation was redistricted.

### 1893–1913: 9 seats 
After the 1890 census, Alabama was allowed nine seats.

### 1913–1933: 10 seats 
After the 1910 census, Alabama was allowed ten seats. At first, the extra seat was elected at-large. Starting with the 1916 elections, the seats were redistricted and a  was added.

### 1933–1963: 9 seats 
After the 1930 census, Alabama was allowed nine seats.

### 1963–1973: 8 seats 
After the 1960 census, Alabama was allowed eight seats. During the 88th Congress, those seats were all voted on statewide at-large on a general ticket.

### 1973–present: 7 seats 
Since the 1970 census, Alabama has been allowed seven seats.

## Key 
## Related pages 
* List of United States congressional districts
* Alabama's congressional districts

## Notes
## References
Roelof van der Merwe

**Roelof Erasmus van der Merwe** is a Dutch-South African International cricketer who has played for both South Africa and the Netherlands internationally. He was born on 31 December 1984 in Johannesburg, Transvaal.

He played 13 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and several Twenty20 Internationals for South Africa between 2009 and 2011. In June 2015, van der Merwe got the Netherlands passport and he immediately made himself available for Netherlands cricket team and was selected in the Netherlands squad for the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier in July.
## International career
In the 2023 Cricket World Cup, he played an important role in Netherlands win over South Africa by scoring 29 runs off 19 balls and taking two wickets for 34 runs in his nine overs.
## References
## Other websites
* Roelof van der Merwe from Cricbuzz
* Roelof van der Merwe from ESPNcricinfo
Microsoft Expression Web

**Microsoft Expression Web** is a HTML editor and a web design software product. It was first released by Microsoft in 2006. Microsoft no longer supports it. The product was discontinued on December 20, 2012. It is now free to use. The product was a part of Expression Studio.

Expression Web can create webpages using HTML5, CSS 3, ASP.NET, PHP, JavaScript, XML+XSLT and XHTML. Expression Web 4 needs .NET Framework 4.0 and Silverlight 4.0 to run.

## References
Juan Antonio Ovalle

**Juan Antonio Ovalle y Morales** (c. 1750 – July 12, 1819) was a Chilean politician, lawyer and landowner. He served as the first president of the First National Congress of Chile where he was elected as deputy for Santiago.

His tenure as congressman came to an end following the 1811 coup d'état when José Miguel Carrera issued a decree decreasing the number of deputies for Santiago. He was subsequently confined to his estancia in Curacaví.

## References
2005–06 A1 Grand Prix season

The 2005-2006 A1 GP season is the first season of the A1 GP championship. It began on 25 September 2005 and ended on 2 April 2006.

## Calendar 
The 2005-2006 A1 Grand Prix season has 11 race. Each race ran unrolled a three-day weekend. This included a practice session on Friday another one on Saturday follow up a qualifying session. On Sunday, there are two races.

* A race was scheduled to be held in Brazil at the Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba over the weekend of 10–12 February 2006, but was later cancelled.
* The Indonesian round had originally been scheduled to be held over 13–15 January 2006, but was postponed due to the death of Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum. The replacement date was set as 10–12 February 2006.

## Entry list 
26 teams, each representing a different country, signed up for the first A1 Grand Prix season. Here is the list of participants for the 2005-2006 A1GP season:
 on his way to victory at the South African round.]]

* Enrico Toccacelo replaced Adam Khan at A1 Team Pakistan in Durban after the latter was injured in a practice session. As Toccacelo is not Pakistani, he was ineligible to score points for the team.
* A1 Team Indonesia was unable to participate in Australia as the team did not find a replacement driver for Ananda Mikola.
* A1 Team Monaco driver Luca Badoer is replaced by Bruno Jaquinera starting at the Portugal round
* A1 Team Monaco driver Bruno Jaquinera is replaced by Anthony Davidson starting at the South African round

## Results and standings 
### Results summary 
 finish third in Indonesia and China round]]

### Championship standings 
| valign="top" |

|}

## Other websites 
* Officials season standings and results at *results.a1gp.com*
Vardavar

**Vardavar** is a festival in Armenia where people throw water at each other. It is celebrated 98 days (14 weeks) after Easter.

The celebrations related to the religious observance of Astghik were initially called "Vartavar" because Armenians used to offer her roses as a symbol of celebration. The word "vart" means "rose" in Armenian, and "var" means "rise". The event was traditionally celebrated during the harvest season.

## References
Gaza–Israel conflict

The Gaza–Israel conflict is a long-running dispute between the Gaza Strip, a Palestinian territory, and Israel. It involves political, territorial, and security issues and has often led to violence. Key issues include border control, security concerns, and the political self-determination of Palestinians in Gaza.

## Background 
In 2005, Israel unilaterally withdrew from the Gaza Strip by dismantling all Israeli settlements there. This move aimed to improve security and reduce friction with Palestinians. However, it left a power vacuum that Hamas filled in 2007 after a brief civil conflict with Fatah.

After Hamas took control, Israel and Egypt imposed a blockade on Gaza, restricting the movement of people and goods. Israel and Egypt state that the blockade is necessary to prevent weapons smuggling and attacks by Hamas and other militant groups. Critics, including some human rights organizations, argue that the blockade has severe humanitarian effects and restricts everyday life for residents.

Some organizations, including Human Rights Watch, have described the Gaza Strip as an "open-air prison" because of the restrictions on movement. However, this description is not universally accepted and is presented as the view of these organizations.

International efforts have tried to find a peaceful resolution to the conflict, but it remains unresolved.
## Related pages 
* Israel–Hamas war (2023–present)
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip

## References
Blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023)

During the **Blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023)**, Israel stopped Gaza from receiving aid and supplies. This was part of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. 

During this blockade, Israel restricted supplies such as food, water, and medicine. It also restricted fuel and electricity. The Israeli Energy Minister, Israel Katz stated that the blockade would not be lifted until hostages captured by Hamas were released and safely returned to their countries.

Israel's blockade was partly a response to Hamas's offensive against them. The blockade began in the Gaza Strip on 9 October 2023. 

Even though the blockade was lifted after couple of weeks, it resulted in a serious humanitarian crisis.

## Related pages 
* Gaza genocide
* Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip

## References
Yoshiko Akiyama

**Yoshiko Akiyama** is a Japanese archer. She was born on 10 December 1949. Akiyama competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## References
Mayumi Asano

**Mayumi Asano** is a Japanese archer. She was born on 27 June 1976. Asano competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Mayumi Asano at Olympedia
Gernot Messner

**Gernot Messner** (10 October   1980 in Villach) is a former Austrian football player in the position of a midfielder. He is the manager of Grazer AK.
## Career
Messner began his career at SV Spittal/Drau. At the age of 20, he moved to SK Rapid Wien. There he didn't get beyond the reserve role . After half a season he moved to SV Austria Salzburg. There he became a regular player, but was often set back by injuries. He made his league debut on 21September   2002 in the game against FC Admira Wacker Mödling.

Due to the takeover from Red Bull to FC Red Bull Salzburg, he was no longer planned and so he moved to FC Kärnten, where he played for two years. Since 2007 he played for Wolfsberger AC . 2009 they were promoted to the Bundesliga. He spent another season in the Bundesliga . Then he played for the club's amateurs from the 2013/14 season on. In January 2017 he moved to SK St. Andrä. There he ended his playing career after the 2016/17 season.
## Manager career
From the 2013/14 season, Messner acted as a playing assistant coach for the Wolfsberger amateurs. For the 2015/16 season he took over as head coach at fifth-class SK St. Andrä. After two seasons in St. Andrä, he returned to the WAC for the 2017/18 season. There he became head coach of the U-18s in the academy. In August 2018 he was promoted to head of the academy. In the second half of the 2018/19 season he also coached the U-18s again.

In December 2021 Messner left Wolfsberg and became coach of the second division team Grazer AK. In the 2023-24 the club was promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga.

## References
Bombay cat

The **Bombay cat** is a breed of cat. It is one of the most common cats in Europe.

## History 
Bombay cat was developed by Nikki Horner in 1958 in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. This breed was developed to resemble a black panther. The breed was created by crossing Burmese with American Shorthair.

## Appearance 
Bombay cat has gold or copper eyes and black fur. It looks a lot like Burmese. It has a medium build and is muscular. It weighs between 2.5 and 5.4 kilograms, with males usually being heavier than females.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Brazilian Shorthair

The **Brazilian Shorthair** is a breed of cat. This cat breed was first developed in 1980.

## Appearance 
Brazilian Shorthair is a medium-sized cat that weighs about 22 pounds (9.9 kg). It is 10 pounds (4.5 kg) heavier than the average weight of other cat breeds. The cat is elegant in appearance and has a slender body.

The fur is glossy, silky and soft. It is short, so it does not require frequent combing. The coat consists of all patterns in black, tabby, white tabby.

## Behavior 
Brazilian Shorthairs are active, affectionate and playful. They are also a very lively cat.

## References 
## Other websites 
* WCF Breed Standard 
* One In A Brazilian: Jean Grey, Our Neighborhood Brazilian Shorthair Cat
Zooropa (song)

"**Zooropa**" is a 1993 song by Irish rock band U2. It is the title track and the opening track to their eighth studio album *Zooropa*. Promotional recordings of the song were released in both the United States and Mexico and the art cover features the European Union flag.

## Formats and track listings
## References
Cullen Gilchrist

**Cullen Gilchrist** is the Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of Union Kitchen.

## Early life and career 
Cullen went to Dartmouth high school.  He later joined Dartmouth College and graduated with a degree in Economics and Sociology. He started his career as an intern in finance. He later switched to food business. Cullen moved to Washington D.C. and worked at Think Food Group as a manager. In 2012, he co-founded Blind Dog Cafe.
## Union Kitchen 
Cullen co-founded Union Kitchen in 2012 to incubate new food businesses in Washington D.C. The company established an incubation process called accelerator program. The program had four phases namely Launch, Product Market Fit, Growth, and Scale.The company introduced a $20M Series A investment fund called the Union Kitchen Fund.

## Sources 
## Other websites 
*Cullen Gilchrist
Ben Nicholson

'*Benjamim *Ben* Nicholson*', (10 April 1894 – 6 February 1982) was an English painter. He became famous for his abstract paintings, sometimes in low relief, landscapes, and still lives. A leading name in British art of the 20th century, his second wife was the sculptor Barbara Hepworth.

## References
Milad Salehpour

**Milad Salehpour** (born on January 3, 1991 in Tehran) is a Television presenter from Iran.

Milad Salehpour is the host of Khush Namak on IRIB Nasim.          

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Khush Namak on IRIB Nasim
Why Not Me (The Judds song)

"**Why Not Me**" is a 1984 song by country artists The Judds and is the title track to their debut studio album *Why Not Me*. It went to number 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts and number 3 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks charts.

## References
I Need to Know (Marc Anthony song)

"**I Need to Know**" is a 1999 song by Latin singer Marc Anthony and is the leading single from his fourth studio album *Marc Anthony*. It went to number 3 in the United States, number 28 in the United Kingdom, number 20 in New Zealand and Australia, number 1 in Poland, number 5 in Canada, number 8 in Finland and number 18 in the Netherlands. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2000.

## Formats and track listings 
## References
1974 Ellice Islands self-determination referendum

A referendum on  from the Gilbert Islands was held in the Ellice Islands (which were together as the Gilbert and Ellice Islands at the time) between July and September 1974. It started in July in Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands before being taken to every person who lived in the Ellice Islands.

## Background
The 8 representatives of the Ellice Islands were  about the Gilbert Islands being the more powerful part of the territory. They had an inquiry held by the British representative Leslie Monson.

Before the referendum, the British government said that if the colony split, the Ellice Islands would not get any of the Gilberts' phosphate revenues from Ocean Island and that the assets of the GEIC outside the Ellice Islands would be owned by the Gilbert Islands.

## Results
The referendum had two options:
#The  of a separate Ellice Islands Colony
#To  with the Gilberts as part of the GEIC and what the colony becomes when its status is .

## References
Academic dress

wearing formal academic dress]]
**Academic dress** is the form of robes and headdress worn by graduates or students of a university. Some universities require all students in an undergraduate degree to wear short black robes to classes such as University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge which has their students wearing a less formal robe whilst on campus. Most academic dress is only worn at graduation ceremonies or formal occasions not everyday. There are different types of dress for different types of degrees with the doctoral degree using the most elaborate and formal type of dress. Academic dress was first worn at the old universities of Oxford and Cambrdige but is now worn by most universities around the World. The colour of the robe and/or sash of the robes indicate which degree and in what subject the wearing is graduating in. Academic dress almost always includes a type of headdress commonly called a mortar board. 

CU Ph.D.'s academic gown (Graduate School).jpg
Academic dress Oxford walking.jpg
UNIDA Gontor Academic Gown.jpg
Student of National Taiwan University in academic dress 20100728.jpg
Students of Fengjia University in academic dress 20061129.jpg
Students of National Taiwan University in academic dress 20100729.jpg
Sheffield Hallam Gowns 2018.jpg
Michelle Obama at Oberlin College 25 May 2015.jpg
Michele Megale

**Michele Megale** (7 January 1930 Nicosia - 15 June 2021 Trapani  ) was an Italian politician. He was mayor of Trapani. He joined the National Monarchist Party . He became a municipal councilor in Trapani for the PNM in the 1950s. In 1957, he moved to the Liberal Party. He was also a municipal councilor. In 1968, he joined the Christian Democrats . In December 1980, as a councilor, he was indicted by judge Giangiacomo Ciaccio Montalto , but was acquitted. Several times municipal councilor, he was elected mayor of Trapani on 10 October 1991. In 1993, he received Pope John Paul II on a pastoral visit to the city. He remained municipal councilor, until June 1994. He was president of the Luglio Musicale Trapanese, of the municipalized urban transport system (SAU)  and of the Giulio Pastore Study Center. He published several brochures on contemporary Trapani history 

## References
Destiny (singer)

**Destiny Chukunyere** (born 29 August 2002), known mononymously as **Destiny**, is a Maltese-Nigerian singer. She has competed in various competitions. 

She won the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2015 representing Malta. She was a contestant on ''Britain's Got Talent* in 2017 and in 2020 she won *The X Factor Malta''. Destiny represented Malta at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "Je me casse", placing 7th out of 26 in the grand final. She was originally supposed to represent Malta at Eurovision 2020 with the song "All My Love" but the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. She performed her 2020 song at Eurovision 2025 during a segment celebrating 2020 entries.

## Sources
Iru

]]
**Irina Khechanovi** (born 3 December 2000), known by her stage name **Iru**, is a Georgian singer. She was a member of the girlband Candy, who won the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2011.

Iru later represented Georgia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 with the song "Echo". She placed 12th in the second semi-final and did not qualify for the final.

## Sources
Patrick McHenry

**Patrick Timothy McHenry** (born October 22, 1975) is an American politician. He became the U.S. representative for  in 2005. He is a member of the Republican Party. McHenry became Speaker *pro tempore* of the United States House of Representatives in October 3, 2023, after the removal of Kevin McCarthy from the role.

McHenry was a House Republican chief deputy whip from 2014 to 2019, ranking member of the House Financial Services Committee from 2019 to 2023, and chair of the House Financial Services Committee since 2023.

In December 2023, McHenry announced that he would not seek reelection in 2024.

## References
Jazmin Bean

**Jazmin Bean** (born 7 February 2003) is a British singer-songwriter and makeup artist. They first got popular online for their makeup and non-binary gender expression. They released their first EP (extended play) *Worldwide Torture* in 2019. They signed to Interscope and Island Records in 2020. Their debut album *Traumatic Livelihood* was released on 23 February 2024.

## Early life 
Jazmin Bean was born on 7 February 2003, in London. Both of their parents are musicians. Their father is Ginger Wildheart and their mother is Angie Adams. They have Filipino ancestry.

## Personal life 
Bean has autism. They are agender and use they/them pronouns. They sometimes wear a chest binder and have a pet chinchilla named Elmo. In 2022, Bean spent some time in a rehab clinic for a ketamine addiction.

## Albums 
### Studio albums 
* *Traumatic Livelihood* (2024)

### Extended plays 
#### Studio 
* *Worldwide Torture* (2019)

#### Live 
* *Acoustic Church Session* (2023)

## Tours 
* The Terrified Tour (2023)
* The Traumatic Livelyhood (2024)

## References
Flying Fish Cove

**Flying Fish Cove** (, ) is the capital city of Australia's Christmas Island. It was originally named after British survey-ship *Flying-Fish*, but many maps call it "**The Settlement**". It was  in 1888, and was the first British settlement on the island.

About a third of the territory's total population of 1,600 lives in Flying Fish Cove. The town is near the north-eastern tip of the island. There is a small harbour which  tourists with yachts. It is possible to go diving at the settlement's beach.

## References
Goodnight My Love (1956 song)

"**Goodnight My Love**" is a song written by George Motola and John Marascalco in 1956.

## Background
The song was originally recorded by Jesse Belvin and released in 1956. Some people say that American R&B singer-songwriter Barry White - who would have been 11 years old at the time - played piano on the song.
However, in an interview in 1995 White denied this.

## Charts
The Jesse Belvin version of the song reached number seven on the US *Billboard* R&B chart in 1956.
The McGuire Sisters cover, also released in 1956, reached #32 on ''Billboard's* pop chart.

The Paul Anka 1968 cover reached number twentyseven on the *Billboard* singles chart in a 10-week chart run in 1969. The single peaked at number eighteen on the *Record World'' chart and #13 in Canada.

## Recorded versions
*Amy Lee Feat. John Lee
*Dee Dee Sharp 1963
*The Honeys 1969 
*Jerry Vale 1969
*Jane Morgan 1969
*El DeBarge
*Paul Anka 1968
*Paula Abdul 1992
*Jesse Belvin 1956
*Brook Benton 1968
*Barry Biggs 1976   
*James Brown
*Alex Chilton 1999
*Harry Connick, Jr. 2004
*Tony Danza
*Gloria Estefan 1994
*The Fleetwoods, whose 1963 version reached #32 on the U.S. Pop chart.
*The Four Seasons 1963
*Art Garfunkel 1996
*Jay and the Americans 1969
*Screamin' Jay Hawkins
*John Holt
*Ben E. King 1965
*Gladys Knight & the Pips
*Los Lobos 1987
*The McGuire Sisters 1956
*Little Milton 1984
*Aaron Neville 2012
*Rocke-Pelle with Sigurd Jansen and his Rockin' Five. Recorded in Oslo on June 20, 1958. Released on the single Fontana 268&nbsp;003&nbsp;TF
*Ray Peterson 1959
*Lou Rawls 1990
*Tavares 1977
*The Tymes
*Bobby Vinton 1963
*The Vogues 1970
*Barry White 1989

## References
Look (American magazine)

Look was an American magazine pubilshed between 1937 and 1971. It was published every two weeks. It had an interest in photographs, and photojournalism. It was a direct competitor of *Life* (magazine), the market leader. Life began publishing a few months earlier, and stopped in 1972. Notable staff include Stanley Kubrick, who worked for Look before starting his career as a movie maker.

## References
Barbara Hepworth

**Barbara Hepworth** (10 January 1903 – 20 May 1975) was an English sculptor. She is considered a leading name in modern sculpture. Hepworth was a member of the colony of artists who lived in St Ives during the World War II. Her second husband was the painter Ben Nicholson.

## References
Julia Boutros

**Julia Boutros** (Arabic: جوليا بطرس; born April 1, 1968) is a well known Lebanese singer. She is known for her nationalistic and patriotic songs. She is also known for her romantic songs that she releases rarely.
## Biography
Julia was born on 1 April, 1968 in Beirut to a Lebanese father and a Armenian-Palestinian mother. She was the second child in her family. Her older brother Ziad Boutros is a composer and her younger sister Sophie Boutros is a director. At the age of 10, Julia used to sing at her school's music band as a Chorus singer until her talent was discovered by Fouad Fadel, a music teacher. She considered Fairuz as her .

Julia Boutros’s career began at the same time of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, which had an impact on her choosing a different path then what other new singers would have chosen as a new singer. She has started her career singing in French but then shifted to Lebanese dialect of Arabic considering her audience.

At the age of 12, her first song was released in French. It was a tune titled '*A Maman*'(A Mother). The song was dedicated to all mothers on Mother's day.

In 2006, she released a song “*Ahibbai*”(*My Beloved Ones*), the song's lyrics were inspired from a speech that was given by Hassan Nasrallah, the Secretary-General of the Hezbollah to his soldiers during 2006 Israel–Hezbollah war. This song made her famous among the supporters of Hezbollah but at the same time also led to criticisms. The song was released after the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war. The same year, she performed a series of patriotic songs in Lebanon, Syria, Qatar and UAE which resulted in gathering around three million US dollars, the amount was donated to the families of war victims and to the families of Hezbollah fighters and the Lebanese army who were killed.

She was honored by several Arab countries. She also received the “National Order of the Cedar”, which was awarded to her by the President of Lebanon for her effective role in the resistance movement.
## Awards
* National Order of the Cedar, 2007
## References
The Tour of Life

**The Tour of Life** (or **Kate Bush Tour**) was the only concert tour by English singer Kate Bush. The tour was made for her first two albums, *The Kick Inside* and *Lionheart*. It happened in April and May 1979. It was the first concert ever to use a wireless headset microphone. The device was invented by Gordon Paterson so Bush could dance on stage. The tour's lighting worker, Bill Duffield, died after the first concert because he fell from a stage and seating structure.

## Set list
#"Moving"
#"The Saxophone Song"
#"Room for the Life"
#"Them Heavy People"
#"The Man with the Child in His Eyes"
#"Egypt"
#"L'Amour Looks Something Like You"
#"Violin"
#"The Kick Inside"
;Interlude: John Carder Bush poetry reading
#"In the Warm Room"
#"Fullhouse" (not sang during the concerts at Hammersmith Odeon)
#"Strange Phenomena"
#"Hammer Horror" (not live)
#"Kashka From Baghdad"
;Interlude: Chanting
#"Don't Push Your Foot on the Heartbrake"
#"Wow"
#"Coffee Homeground" (with extended instrumental introduction)
#"In Search of Peter Pan"
;Interlude: John Carder Bush poetry reading
#"Symphony in Blue" (including "Gymnopédie 1" by Erik Satie)
#"Feel It" (with instrumental introduction)
#"Kite"
#"James and the Cold Gun"
;Encore 1
#"Oh England My Lionheart"
;Encore 2
#"Wuthering Heights"

## Credits 
These are the people listed in the Kate Bush Tour programme sold at the concerts.

**Performers**

* Ben Barson – synthesizer, acoustic guitar
* Brian Bath – electric guitar, acoustic mandolin, background vocals
* Kate Bush – vocals, piano, keyboards
* Paddy Bush – mandolin, background vocals, various instruments
* Simon Drake – magician
* Glenys Groves – background vocals
* Preston Heyman – Drums/Percussion
* Kevin McAlea – piano, keyboards, saxophone, 12-string guitar
* Alan Murphy – electric guitar, whistles
* Del Palmer – bass guitar
* Liz Pearson – background vocals

**Production**

* Conception, producer, director – Kate Bush
* Production design, stage direction – Dave Jackson
* Stage management – Nick Levitt
* Stage crew – Cliff Carter, Martin Prior, Gerry Raymond Barker, Andrew Bryant
* Costuming – Lisa Hayes
* Costuming assistance – Hermione Brakspear
* Choreography – Anthony Van Laast

**Audiovisuals**

* Sound engineering – Gordon Patterson
* Projections – Ken Sutherland
* Lighting consulting – James Dann
* Spoken word and poetry – John Carder Bush
* Photography – Gered Mankowitz, Terry Walker, Hirchono

**Tour management**

* Promotion – Lindsay Brown
* Tour management – Richard Ames
* Programmes – Kate Bush, Nicholas Wade, Nick Price
* Tour graphics and merchandise – Paul Maxwell Ltd.
* Tour co-ordination – Hilary Walker, John Carder Bush

## Shows 
## Notes 
## References
Born to Be Blue (The Judds song)

"**Born to Be Blue**" is a 1990 song by country artists The Judds and is the leading single from their sixth studio album *Love Can Build a Bridge*. It went to number 5 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and number 4 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

## References
Reiko Fujita

**Reiko Fujita** is a Japanese archer. She was born on 2 July 1972. Fujita competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## References
You Sang to Me

"**You Sang to Me**" is a 2000 song by Latin singer Marc Anthony and is the second single from his fourth studio album *Marc Anthony*. It went to the top 10 in the United States, New Zealand, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria and Norway and was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2001.

## Track listings
**CD Maxi-single**
# You Sang To Me (radio edit)3:51	
# You Sang To Me (remix)5:30	
# Muy Dentro de Mi (radio edit #2)3:49	
# I Need To Know (Pablo Flores Miami Mix)10:50

## References
Terushi Furuhashi

**Terushi Furuhashi** is a Japanese archer. He was born on 6 February 1952. Furuhashi competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## References
Only Women Bleed

"**Only Women Bleed**" is a 1975 song by Alice Cooper and is the second single from his studio album *Welcome to My Nightmare*. It went to number 12 in the United States, number 21 in New Zealand, number 1 in Canada and number 50 in Australia. It was covered by Julie Covington in 1977 and went to number 12 in the United Kingdom.

## References
Takaharu Furukawa

**Takaharu Furukawa** is an archer from Japan. He was born on 9 August 1984. Furukawa competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics, 2012 Summer Olympics, 2016 Summer Olympics, and 2020 Summer Olympics.

## References
Des Hommes

**Des Hommes** is a Franco-Belgian film written and directed by Lucas Belvaux, released in 2020. It is the adaptation of the novel *Des hommes* by Laurent Mauvignier. The film, selected in the official competition at Cannes, received the 2020 Cannes Film Festival label.
## Synopsis
They were sent to Algeria during the "events" in 1960. Two years later, Bernard, Rabut, Février, and others returned to France. They remained silent and lived their lives. But sometimes, it takes almost nothing, like a winter birthday or a small gift, for the past to suddenly come back into the lives of those who thought they could deny it, even forty years later.

### Sélections 
* Label Festival de Cannes 2020
* Angoulême French-speaking Film Festival 2020 : hors compétition
* Brussels Film Festival 2020 : film d'ouverture
* Deauville American Film Festival 2020 : hors compétition
* International Historical Fiction Film Festival 2020 : sélection officielle
* Rome International Film Festival 2020 : sélection officielle
* French Film Festival UK 2020 : section Panorama
* Label Lumières d'Afrique 2020

## References 
## Notes
Ernst Sabeditsch

**Ernst Sabeditsch** (6 May 1920 – 30 June 1986) was an Austrian football player. He played mainly for First Vienna FC. He also played for the Austrian national football team. During the occupation of Austria by Nazi-Germany he played also one match for  Germany.
## Career
With the annexation of Austria he was used for First Vienna FC in the Gauliga Ostmark. He and his team won the regional championship three times in a row from 1942 to 1944. Also in the German competitions they were sucessful. In 1942 he came second in the German championship with the Vienna and won the Tschammerpokal (Cup competition) in 1943 against LSV Hamburg. 

As a soldier, he and his unit were transferred to the General Government in the fall of 1943. As a guest player during the war, he was active for LSV Mölders Krakow. 

After the war Sabeditsch  failed in the Cup-final on 20 June 1946, losing 2-1 to SK Rapid Vienna. His playing career came to a premature end after a ban for trading raw opium in divided post-war Vienna in 1949. He was pardoned in 1952 and played then ten league games for SC Wacker Wien.
## International
Sabeditsch   played 7 matches for the Austrian national football team. His first match was on 6 December 1945 versus France. His last match was on 5 October 1947 versus Czechoslowakia.
## International statistics
;Germany

;Austria

## Manager
He worked as a coach at Linzer ASK from 1953 to 1955 and at the Swiss A national league team FC Schaffhausen in the 1956/57 season

## References
Nathan Ambrosioni

**Nathan Ambrosioni**, born August 18, 1999 in Grasse in the Alpes-Maritimes, is a French director.

## Biography
With several friends, Nathan Ambrosioni directed a first feature film, the independent horror film Hostile, then another entitled Therapy.
The general public discovered it in 2018 with the release of Les Drapeaux de papier, directed by Noémie Merlant and Guillaume Gouix : the film traces the difficult relationships between a man just released from prison and his young sister.
Although he had no contacts or professional experience in cinema when he began directing the film, Nathan Ambrosioni became the youngest director to benefit from the advance on receipts.
“Nathan Ambrosioni: journey of a gifted child”, wrote Première magazine when the film was released in 2019, for which he wrote the screenplay at the age of 16.
In 2022, he began filming his second feature film, Toni, en famille, performed in particular by Camille Cottin, released in France on September 6, 2023 and which won the best film prize at the Festival du Film de Demain.
In 2023, he was announced as a member of the jury for the sixth edition of the Dinan Film Courts Festival, from November 15 to 19, 2023. He is among the 10 youngest promising French directors of the year 2023 in New York magazine "Elucid magazine"

## Filmography
### Feature films
*2018 : Les Drapeaux de papiers
*2023 : Toni, en famille

## References
Mack the Knife

"**Mack the Knife**" or "**The Ballad of Mack the Knife**" () is a song composed by Kurt Weill for the 1928 play *The Threepenny Opera*. The song has become a popular standard recorded by many artists including Louis Armstrong in 1955, Bobby Darin in 1959 and Ella Fitzgerald Grammy Award winning in 1961.

## References
Eastern Sports Club

**Eastern Athletic Association**, also known as **Eastern Sports Club** (), is a Hong Kong sports club, best known for its football team. They play their home games at Mong Kok Stadium.

## Honours 
### League
* **Hong Kong Premier League**
****Champions (1):** 2015–16
**Runners-up (4): 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20, 2020–21
* **Hong Kong First Division League**
****Champions (4):** 1955–56, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95
**Runners-up (2): 1986–87, 1991–92
* **Hong Kong Second Division League**
****Champions (1): **1947–48**
* **Hong Kong Third Division "A" League**
****Champions (3): **2004–05, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12
### Cup
* **Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield**
****Champions (12): **1939–40, 1952–53, 1955–56, 1981–82, 1986–87, 1992–93, 1993–94, 2007–08, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2019–20, 2024–25
**Runners-up (6): 1947–48, 1971–72, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2022–23, 2023–24
* **Hong Kong FA Cup**
****Champions (7): **1983–84, 1992–93, 1993–94, 2013–14, 2019–20, 2023–24, 2014–25
**Runners-up (2): 1994–95, 2014–15
***Hong Kong Sapling Cup**
****Champions (1):** 2020–21
* **Hong Kong Viceroy Cup**
****Champions (2): **1970–72, 1980–81
***Hong Kong Community Cup**
****Champions (1):''' 2016
**Runners-up (1): 2017
Warwick Avenue (song)

"**Warwick Avenue**" is a song by British singer Duffy, it was released on 26 May 2008 as the third single from her debut studio album *Rockferry*. The song was written by Aimée Ann Duffy, Jimmy Hogarth, Eg White and produced by Hogarth. It peaked at number 3 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Formats and track listings
**UK CD single**
# "Warwick Avenue"
# "Put It in Perspective"

**UK 7" vinyl single**
# "Warwick Avenue"
# "Loving You"

**Australian digital download single**
# "Warwick Avenue"
# "Put It in Perspective"
# "Loving You"

**German maxi single**
# "Warwick Avenue"
# "Put It in Perspective"
# "Loving You"
# "Warwick Avenue Video"

**iTunes B-side single**
# "Put It in Perspective"
# "Loving You"

## Charts
## Certifications
## References