open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kosuke Hagino

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a swimmer who competed at the Summer Olympic Games.

## Career
He won a bronze medal in the Men's 400m individual medley at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  His time of 4:10.01 was an Asian record.

## References
Conrad Burns

**Conrad Burns** (January 25, 1935 &ndash; April 28, 2016) was a former United States Senator from the state of Montana.  He was a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was the longest serving Republican Senator in the history of Montana. He was born near Gallatin, Missouri.

Burns died at his home in Billings, Montana on April 28, 2016 from complications of a stroke, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
Darsham railway station

**Darsham railway station** is a station in Suffolk, England for the village of Darsham. Trains are currently run by Greater Anglia. 

## Trains
Merseyrail

**Merseyrail** is a British train operating company owned by Serco-Abellio and overseen by Merseytravel. They provide passenger rail services across Merseyside. They run 59 trains serving 69 stations.  

Merseyrail has been using new class 777 trains since January 2023. These are replacing the old class 507 and 508 trains, which were over 40 years old.

## References
Northern Rail (Serco-Abellio)

**Northern Rail** was a British train operating company. It ran local passenger services in Northern England from December 2004 to March 2016. Northern Rail's owner was Serco and Abellio. It ran 287 trains to 529 stations. 

In 2016, Serco and Abellio lost the franchise to Arriva, who promised to buy new trains.

## References
Chris Matthews

Gala.]]
**Christopher John Matthews** (born December 17, 1945) is an American news anchor and political commentator. He is known for as the host of his talk show *Hardball with Chris Matthews* on MSNBC. On weekends he hosted the syndicated ABC News program *The Chris Matthews Show*.

## Early life
Matthews went to La Salle College High School. Matthews served in the United States Peace Corps in Swaziland from 1968 to 1970 as a trade development adviser.

## Career
Matthews worked with Tip O'Neill, the Speaker of the House. O'Neill, a Democrat, was a political rival of VHS Republican president Ronald Reagan, but the two remained friends, saying that after 6:00 the two could go out for a drink together. Matthews wrote a book about their relationship. The last episode of *The Chris Matthews Show* was shown on July 21 2013. After he wrote a best selling book about politics called Hardball, Matthews joined MSNBC and hosted a show of the same name. Matthews is a moderate Democrat who has supported Republicans before and said that he is "more conservative than people think I am." However, Matthews has been a long time supporter of Barack Obama. In 2004, following a speech by Obama, Matthews said he had "seen the first black president," a prediction which came true four years later. Matthews once stated that Obama gave him a "thrill up his leg." This quote was widely mocked by many people. He has also been critical of Hillary Clinton, and has said that she got her office by her husband's fame and not on her own ability. As of 2015, Matthews hosts *Hardball with Chris Matthews* on the MSNBC cable channel at 5:00PM on weekdays. He is also a political commentator that appears on other shows. Matthews is married to his wife of thirty five years, Kathleen, a businesswoman who is an executive at Marriott. He is a Roman Catholic.

## References
## Other websites
Hiroaki Hiraoka

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a judoka.

## History
He won a silver medal at the 2009 World Judo Championships and bronze medal at the 2010 World Judo Championships.

Hiroka won the silver medal in 2012 Summer Olympics at London, in the men's under 60&nbsp;kg extra-lightweight judo.

## References
## Other websites
* Hiroaki Hiraoka at the Judoinside.com
Chuck Grassley

**Charles Ernest "Chuck" Grassley** (born September 17, 1933) is the senior U.S. Senator from Iowa. He is currently the president pro tempore of the Senate and also had this position from 2019 until 2021.  He has been Senator since 1981. He was also in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1981. Before that he was in the Iowa state legislature from 1959 to 1974.

## Later Senate career
In January 2019, Grassley became the most senior Republican serving in the United States Senate due to the retirement of Orrin Hatch and the resignation of Thad Cochran. After the Republicans kept control of the Senate in the 2018 elections, Grassley became the 91st Senate President pro tempore.

In January 2021, when Republicans lost control of the U.S. Senate, Patrick Leahy became President pro tempore while Grassley became *President pro tempore emeritus*. With over 40 years in the U.S. Senate, Grassley is the longest-serving Republican senator in American history. He became President pro tempore again in 2025.

In January 2023, with Patrick Leahy's retirement, Grassley became the Dean of the United States Senate.

## Personal life
Grassley is also known for his widely reported "feud" with the History channel. He has accused the network multiples times of having little actual history programming.

Grassley's net worth was $7,550,075 as of 2018.

On November 17, 2020, Grassley announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19.

## References
## Other websites
Nancy Travis

**Nancy Travis** (born September 21, 1961 in New York City) is a television and movie actress. She is known for her roles in many movies, especially in *Three Men and a Baby* and its sequel *Three Men and a Little Lady*. She has also been in many television sitcoms.

## Early life
Travis was born in New York City, the daughter of Theresa, a social worker, and Gordon Travis, a sales executive. Travis was raised in Boston, Massachusetts, and Baltimore, Maryland.

## Sources
## Other websites
Quai Branly Museum

, being displayed in the Quai Branly Museum in 2010.]]

The **Quai Branly Museum**, known in French as the **Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac** (), is a museum in Paris. It displays art and culture from indigenous civilisations of Africa, America, Asia and Oceania. Quai Branly opened on 23 June 2006. It holds the collections of the old Musée national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie, which is now closed. It contains 267,000 objects in its permanent collection. Of these, 3500 items are on display.

## Notes 
## Other websites 
*Musée du quai Branly  (site in French, English and Spanish)
Naughty by Nature

**Naughty by Nature** are a Grammy award winning hip hop group. The group was founded in New Jersey. They formed in 1988, and their songs include *O.P.P.* from 1991 (on their own self titled album).  Other hit songs by the rap group followed over the years included *Hip Hop Hooray* in 1992 and their high charted song *Jamboree* in 1999.
Tom Harkin

**Tom Harkin** (born November 19, 1939) is a retired American politician for the Democratic Party. From 1985 to 2015, he served as a junior Senator in Iowa. He also served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985.

Harkin ran for the Democratic nomination for President in 1992, losing to then-Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton.

In 2013, Harkin said he would retire from the Senate after completing his fifth term in 2015.

## References
## Other websites
Pat Boone

**Charles Eugene "Pat" Boone** (born June 1, 1934 in Jacksonville, Florida) is an American singer, writer and actor. He was a very successful pop musician in the 1950s and 1960s. His many hits were covers of black R&B musicians' songs. At that time black musicians were not played on white radio stations. His daughter Debby is also a singer.

According to *Billboard*, Boone was the second biggest charting artist of the late 1950s, behind only Elvis Presley.  He is a member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.

Boone hosted a half-hour ABC variety television series.  There were 115 episodes from 1957 to 1960. Many musical performers, including Edie Adams, Andy Williams, Pearl Bailey and Johnny Mathis were on the show.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ben Nelson

**Earl Benjamin "Ben" Nelson** (born May 17, 1941) is a former U.S. Senator from Nebraska and member of United States Democratic Party. Before that he was 37th Governor of Nebraska. He was born in McCook, Nebraska.

## References
## Other websites
Pintupi

. The Pintupi homeland is centred on Lake Mackay (*Wilkinkarra*).]]
**Pintupi** is an Australian Aboriginal group who are part of the Western Desert cultural group. Their homeland is in the area west of Lake MacDonald and Lake Mackay in Western Australia. This is a very  part of Australian desert. Because of this, the Pintupi were among the last Aboriginals in Australia to leave their traditional way of life. Most of the Pintupi were  (forced to leave) their homeland in the middle the 20th century, because of sti testing being done at Woomera. They were moved into settlements to the east and west of their country, such as Papunya, Balgo, Haasts Bluff and even as far away as Hermannsburg. They ended up  into different communities. Within a few years, several hundreds of Pintupi had died from foreign disease and infection. Others had problems with alcoholism and violence – having lived in small groups for most of their lives, they found it hard to deal with conflict.

During the 1960s, the assimilationist policies of the Menzies government had a major effect on the  of many Pintupi. Part of the policy led to hundreds of Pintupi children being taken away from their parents and put into missions or foster care (this is now known as the Stolen Generation). 

Beginning in the 1970s, there was a strong push within the Pintupi community at Papunya to return to their historical lands. They moved back west in 1981 to set up Kintore (*Waḻungurru*). Further west, Kiwirrkurra was founded in 1983, close to Lake Mackay.

## Skin groupings
The Pintupi have a complex kinship system, with eight different skin groups. Males and females have different prefixes ("Tj" for males, "N" for females). These names define kinship relationships. They dictate who can marry whom. Although they may be used as terms of address, they are not surnames in the sense used by Europeans.

:::

## Related pages
*Pintupi Nine
*Papunya Tula
*Luritja

## References
Chuck Hagel

**Chuck Hagel** (  ; born October 4, 1946) was the 24th Secretary of Defense and the former U.S. Senator from Nebraska. He is a member of the United States Republican Party. He has criticized the Bush Administration on many things, such as the Iraq War.

In October 2014, speaking at a meeting of defense ministers in Peru, Hagel highlighted a report’s  findings of the global security threats of climate change and global warming; stating “The loss of glaciers will strain water supplies in several areas of our hemisphere,” and “Destruction and devastation from hurricanes can sow the seeds for instability. Droughts and crop failures can leave millions of people without any lifeline, and trigger waves of mass migration.”

He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 26, 2012 to become Secretary of Defense during Barack Obama's second term replacing Leon Panetta.

On November 24, 2014, it was announced that Hagel would resign the position of Secretary of Defense due to job stress and decisions on ISIS/ISIL.

## References
## Other websites
Hester Jonas

**Hester Jonas** (around 1570 in Monheim am Rhein – December 24, 1635 in Neuss) was a German midwife and cunning woman. She was executed for witchcraft and is known as the so called *Witch of Neuss*.

## Life 
Jonas married the miller Peter Meurer. They moved to Neuss. There she suffered severe epileptic seizures. She worked as a midwife and was familiar with herbalism, particularly mandrake.

In November 1635 (at the age of about 64 years), she was accused of witchcraft. She was arrested, examined and tortured. The mayor of Neuss accused her of having a deal with the devil. A few years back she already had the reputation of being a witch. In the wake of growing public rumours, the authorities were forced to do something. After hearings on November 15 and 22, Jonas denied the charges. On December 19 and 20 she was put on a chair spiked with sharp nails for three hours.

After her torture she confessed falsely. She confessed to having sexual intercourse with a black man named "Hans Beelzebub". She confessed to damaging humans and animals by black magic. On the same night she escaped, but was captured again in a short time. Jonas then said her confession wasn't true, but her resistance was broken after a violent whipping the next day. She again confessed to all charges and the court sentenced her to death by beheading. On December 24 she was beheaded by an executioner. Her body was burnt and the ashes blew away in the wind.

The transcripts are still available in the city archive of Neuss.

## Trivia 
* "The Ballad of Hester Jonas" by Peter Maiwald

## Further reading 
* Kemmerich, Hetty. Sagt, was ich gestehen soll! Hexenprozesse. Dortmund 2004, , p.&nbsp;231–236.

## References
Hippocamp

The **hippocamp** (also: hippocampe, hippokamp, or hippocampus, pl: hippocampi or hippokampoi) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. The creature has a horse's body and a fish's tail. It was not commonly pictured in Classical Greek art but when it is, it is sometimes ridden by the sea god Nereus or sea nymphs. The hippocamp plays no part in any known mythological tale. The ancients believed it was the adult form of the seahorse. It draws the chariot of Poseidon and other sea divinities in the works of ancient writers and artists.

## References
Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri

**Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri** (; born late 1950s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. He is one of Australia's most well-known indigenous artists.

## Early life
Warlimpirrnga was born in the late 1950s. He was born near Lake Mackay, east of where Kiwirrkurra is today. He and his family lived a traditional nomadic way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. They had never come into contact with European society. Warlimpirrnga's father died when he was a young boy. His mother remarried shortly after. Warlimpirrnga himself married his cousin, Yalti, sometime around 1980. He was a hunter, the family's main provider of food. He hunted with spears, mirru (spear-throwers) and boomerangs.

In 1984, when he was about 25, he finally came into contact people from outside his family. When he saw a white man for the first time, Warlimpirrnga remembers, "I couldn't believe it. I thought he was a devil, a bad spirit. He was the colour of clouds at sunrise." He and his family were settled at Kiwirrkurra. News of this group living nomadically so far into the modern world made headlines internationally.

## Painting
Warlimpirrnga started painting in 1987. He did paintings for Papunya Tula. He was taught by the other artists at the company. He finished his first painting for them in April 1987. His first public exhibition was in Melbourne, in 1988. It showed eleven of his paintings. The entire collection was bought for the National Gallery of Victoria. He has since become one of central Australia's most well-known artists.

Warlimpirrnga paints abstract images of sacred dreaming stories and songs. The stories focus around the Tingari, the ancestors of the Pintupi, spirit beings who are believed to have created all living things. His stories are about his country and sacred sites like Marruwa and Kanapilya.

His work is held in public collections across Australia, such as in the National Gallery in Canberra, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, and the National Gallery of Victoria. He also has work in galleries overseas, such as the Quai Branly Museum in Paris. In 2012, his work was shown as part of the documenta exhibition in Kassel, Germany. As of 2008, the most one of his paintings has sold for is AU$85,000.

## References
## Other websites
*Works by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
*Works by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri at the National Gallery of Victoria
Glima

**Glíma** is an Old Norse word meaning glimpse or flash, and is 
the name of the Scandinavian martial arts system used by the Vikings 
over 1200 years ago.

Glima as a self-defence system contains throws, blows, kicks, chokes,
locks, and pain techniques, and is comparable with the best complete 
martial arts systems from around the world. Glima as self-defence was 
the foundation for the Viking warrior, and these techniques are still 
practiced in Scandinavia, Europe, North America and South America.

**Glima** as a sport  is often called Viking wrestling and covers several types of Scandinavian folk wrestling: Lausatök, Brokartök and Hryggspenna. **Lausatök **(Loose-grip or Free-grip) is the most wide spread form of glima practiced in Norway. It is quite aggressive form of wrestling where the match the winner is considered the one who is standing up while the opponent is lying on the ground. **Hryggspenna** (Backhold) is a form of wrestling where the opponents take hold of each other's 
upper body with a grip around the back; whoever touches the ground with any part of the body except 
the feet has lost. **Brokartök** (Trouser-grip) the most widespread in Iceland and Sweden. In this type of Glima, the wrestlers hold each others trousers by the waistline, or by a special Brokartök glima belt, then attempts to trip and throw their opponent.

Christian priests regarded Glima as a pagan activity and tried to eliminate it when Scandinavia, became Christian. The people of Scandinavia however thought it good for physical and moral development and continued to practice the sport. Brokartök glima has been the national sport of Iceland for over 100 years. 

## References 
* Craig, Steve. *Sports and Games of the Ancients*, pages 97-99, Greenwood Publishing Group.

## Other websites
CIS

**CIS** or **Cis** may refer to:
*Center for Immigration Studies
*Cisgender
*Confederacy of Independent Systems
*Commonwealth of Independent States
**CIS national football team
*Center for Immigration Studies
*CIS Tower
Papunya Tula

**Papunya Tula Artists** is a  of Aboriginal Australian artists. It is owned and run by Aboriginal people of the Western Desert. It is famous for its development of the Western Desert art movement – widely referred to as "dot painting" – and is often credited with bringing Aboriginal art to the world's attention. The original group of artists started painting in the town of Papunya, but today the company is based in Alice Springs.

The origins of the company go back to 1971. Geoffrey Bardon, the school teacher at Papunya, taught the children to paint a mural using the classical style of body and sand art. Historically, paintings and designs are made by Aborigines to depict stories and songs about the dreamtime. The co-operative was formed in 1972 by a group of men from Bardon's classes. They painted spiritual designs used in ceremonial art, but using modern instruments (like acrylic paints on canvas).

As this style of art started to become famous, many in the Aboriginal community criticised the artists for revealing too many secrets from their sacred legends. Aborigines of the Western Desert believe that the knowledge of these things is dangerous; usually, a person must be initiated first, and this only happens when they are deemed "ready" by their community. In response, the artists changed or removed all detailed images of sacred symbols. In all works since then, these images have been hidden or left out completely.

In the late 1970s, many of the people at Papunya left and moved back to their traditional lands. But the company continued to grow, and it centralised in Alice Springs. In 1987, the National Gallery of Victoria bought eleven paintings by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri. As popularity of this style of art continued to grow, so did their value. In 2007, a single painting by Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri set a record at auction for Aboriginal art. It was bought for £1.03 million, more than twice as much as the previous record-holder.

The first artists, including all of the company's founders, were men. In the early years, the men didn't like women painting. However, there was also a strong desire amongst many of the women to participate. In the 1990s large numbers of them began to create paintings.

## Notes
## Other websites
*Gallery website 
*Papunya Tula exhibition  at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
*Papunya Painting , an exhibition at the National Museum of Australia
*Tjukurrtjanu: Origins of Western Desert Art, an exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria
**Papunya Tula art movement of the Western Desert *, Australian Government portal
Niki Taylor

**Niki Taylor** (born March 5, 1975 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) is an American model and was shown on multiple magazine covers, such as *Sports Illustrated*. She is also associated with cosmetics, including but not limited to CoverGirl. In 2001, she was almost killed because of a car accident, but has continued to model in spite of that accident.

## References
Bohr model

In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, the **Bohr model** is the model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr. Bohr's model is useful only when discussing the behavior of a hydrogen atom. Bohr's model is extremely useful in describing the hydrogen emission spectrum.

## Electrons 
### Energy Levels 
The Bohr model says that the angular momentum of an electron within a hydrogen atom can only be integer multiples of a certain number.

:L=n\frac{h}{2\pi}

Where *h* is Planck's constant, π is pi, and *n* is the multiples (1,2,3,...). This formula says that an electron will only be found on the energy levels predicted by the formula, and not anywhere in between. This means that if an electron jumps from one energy level to the next, it will never be in between energy levels, but will instantaneously be transported from one level to the other.

### Light 
Bohr's model is also useful because it explains the cause of light. Bohr agreed with classical theory that light has a wave-particle duality (meaning that it is made of both electromagnetic waves and particles called photons), but he said that light was given off when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from a higher energy level to a lower one. Basically, if an electron with *x* amount of energy goes to a lower state of energy and loses *y* energy, then a photon with energy *y* is emitted by the atom and either becomes light or some other form of radiation.

## Related pages 
*Quantum mechanics
*Emission spectrum
Female sexual arousal disorder

**Female sexual arousal disorder** is condition where a woman has a hard time getting aroused sexually. or to maintain this arousal, until after sexual intercourse. Persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response or desire — that distress you or strain your relationship with your partner — are known medically as female sexual dysfunction.

## Types
One may experience more than one type of female sexual dysfunction. Types include:

* **Low sexual desire**: One has diminished libido, or lack of sex drive
* **Sexual arousal disorder**: One's desire for sex might be intact, but you have difficulty or are unable to become aroused or maintain arousal during sexual activity
* **Orgasmic disorder**: One has persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving orgasm after sufficient sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation
* **Sexual pain disorder**: You have pain associated with sexual stimulation or vaginal contact

## Prevalence
Many women experience problems with sexual function at some point in their lives. Female sexual dysfunction can occur at all stages of life, and it may be ongoing or happen only once in a while.
Masashi Ebinuma

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a judoka.

## Career
In 2011, Ebunuma won the World Championship for his judo weight class.

Ebinuma won the bronze medal in the men’s 66&nbsp;kg judo category during the 2012 Summer Olympics.

## References
## Other websites
* Masashi Ebinuma (JPN) at Judoinside.com
Brett Butler

**Brett Butler** (born January 30, 1958) is an American actress and stand-up comedian. She is best known for playing Grace in the sitcom *Grace Under Fire*. She has also done other television programs and comedy acts.

Butler published *Knee Deep in Paradise* in 1996.  The book tells about her life before her successful television program.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Topsy Napaltjarri

**Topsy Gibson Napaltjarri** is an Australian Aboriginal artist.

## Life
Topsy was born around 1950, in the Gibson Desert. She was born at Wirrulnga, a  near what is now Kiwirrkurra, in Western Australia. She was the first child of Papalya and Waku. She grew up living in the desert, living a traditional hunter-gatherer way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. Her family had no contact with the modern world and had never seen White people. When she was about 13, she married a man named Tommy Tjakamarra. She left her family and went with Tommy to go and live at Mount Doreen, northwest of Yuendumu. This was her first encounter with modern, Euro-Australian society. Her family was left behind in the desert and did not come out until 1984.

## References
Hermannsburg, Northern Territory

**Hermannsburg** is an Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is about  southwest of Alice Springs. It is known in the local Arrernte language as **Ntaria**.

In the 2006 census, Hermannsburg had a population of 559. It was established as a Lutheran mission in 1877 by two missionaries from Germany. They named their new mission after Hermannsburg in Germany where they had trained. The missionaries left in 1891, but people still lived at the settlement. The mission land was given over to traditional ownership in 1982.

The famous painter Albert Namatjira was born at Hermannsburg in 1902. He painted landscapes in Western-style watercolours. Painting in this style came to be known as the Hermannsburg School of painting.

## Other websites
*South Australian History - Hermannsburg
Takariya Napaltjarri

**Takariya Napaltjarri** (born early 1960s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She paints for the Papunya Tula artists' co-operative.

## History
### Early life
Takariya was born in the 1960s near Lake Mackay, in Western Australia. Works by Takariya are held in the Art Gallery of New Wales, as well as in collections overseas.

Her paintings are of sacred dreaming stories and songs. They are mostly about the Tingari (the ancestors of the Pintupi). Takariya paints her and her mother's dreaming country. This includes places like Marrapinti, Ngalpurrunya, Ngaminya, Karilwara, Wirrulnga and Marruwa – places that are sacred to her.

## References
Matter wave

In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, a **matter wave** is when you think of matter as a wave. The concept of matter waves was first introduced by Louis de Broglie. Matter waves are hard to visualize, because we are used to thinking of matter as a physical object. De Broglie revolutionized quantum mechanics by producing the equation for matter waves.

## Wavelength of Matter 
As experiments on light revealed that photons possessed both wavelike and particular properties, they were considered at the time to have a dual nature as both particles and waves. De Broglie showed that matter might exhibit such a 'wave-particle duality' as well. Basing his formula on earlier formulas, he arrived at the equation below. 

\lambda=\frac{h}{mv}

Where λ is the wavelength of the object, *h* is Planck's constant, *m* is the mass of the object, and *v* is the velocity of the object. An alternate and also correct version of this formula is

\lambda=\frac{h}{p}

Where *p* is the momentum. (Momentum is equal to mass times velocity). These equations merely say that matter exhibits a particle-like nature in some circumstances, and a wave-like characteristic at other times. Erwin Schrödinger created an advanced equation based on this formula and the Bohr model, known as the Schrödinger equation.

## Related pages 
*Quantum mechanics
*Wave-particle duality
The Surgeon

***The Surgeon*** is a 1995 horror movie directed by Carl Schenkel. The plot involves a small boy who witnesses his brother being killed in surgery, and grows up to become a monster with a scalpel. The film stars Isabel Glasser, James Remar, Peter Boyle, Malcolm McDowell and Charles Dance. Originally titled *Exquisite Tenderness*, the film was released in Spain in 1995. Some of the footage was shot in Canada. It made about 10,000,000 in profit. It also came out in the United Kingdom and Germany.

## Other websites
*
Ann-Margret

**Ann-Margret Olssen** (born April 28, 1941 in Valsjobyn, Sweden, more often known as just **Ann-Margret**) is a television and movie actress. She has won five Golden Globe Awards for her many performances. Her movies include *The Cincinnati Kid* and *Carnal Knowledge*.

From 1967 until his death in 2017, she was married to actor Roger Smith.

## References
## Other websites
La Vita Nuova

*]]
***La Vita Nuova*** or ***Vita Nova*** (in English: *The New Life*) is a book written by Dante Alighieri in 1295. It is an expression of the medieval courtly love and it is written in a *prosimetrum* style, a combination of both prose and verse. It tells the story of his love for Beatrice Portinari, who also served as the ultimate symbol of salvation in *The Divine Comedy''.
Kiwirrkurra Community, Western Australia

**Kiwirrkura** (also spelled **Kiwirrkurra**) is a small community in Western Australia, near to Lake Mackay. It is 850&nbsp;km west of Alice Springs. It was established by Pintupi people as an outstation in the early 1980s. It became a permanent settlement in 1983. It was one of the last areas with nomadic, hunter-gatherer Aboriginals; the last group were settled here in 1984.

The town was  in March 2001 because of serious floods. The population (about 170 people) were first moved to Kintore, then to Alice Springs and then finally to the Goldfields of Western Australia, over  south of Kiwirrkurra. At Alice Springs, the people drunk alcohol for the first time. This led to major conflicts and violence. The community moved back to Kiwirrkurra in late 2002. Though they had been evacuated and living in other places at the time, the Kiwirrkurra people gained native title over the area on 19 October 2001. The title covered  of the land and waters around the town. 

## References
Caribbean Netherlands

The **Caribbean Netherlands** () is the part of the Netherlands that is in the Caribbean. The rest of the country is in Europe. The Caribbean Netherlands is made up of three special municipalities ('**): the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. They are also called the **BES islands'''.

The Caribbean Netherlands does not include the other Dutch countries in the Caribbean (Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten). Those are three of the four countries that make up the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The fourth country is the Netherlands proper. The islands of the Caribbean Netherlands are fully part of the Netherlands proper. They were made a part of the Netherlands when the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved (broken apart) on 10 October 2010.

Although the islands are now part of the Netherlands, they are not yet part of the European Union. They will instead remain overseas territories until at least 2015. They are different to other municipalities in the Netherlands. Unlike normal municipalities, they do not form part of a Dutch province.

Bonaire is located east of Aruba and Curaçao, close to the coast of Venezuela. Sint Eustatius and Saba are located south of Sint Maarten and northwest of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The BES islands have a total population of 21,000 and a total area of .

|}

## References
## Other websites
*
*Official website of the National Office for the Caribbean Netherlands
Alfa Romeo 146

The **Alfa Romeo 146** is a car produced by Alfa Romeo. It replaced the Alfa Romeo 33 in 1995, and was replaced by the Alfa Romeo 147 in 2000.

## Engines 
### Petrol 
* *1.4* 66&nbsp;kW (90&nbsp;hp)
* *1.4 Twin Spark 16V* 76&nbsp;kW (103&nbsp;hp)
* *1.6* 76&nbsp;kW (103&nbsp;hp)
* *1.6 Twin Spark 16V* 88&nbsp;kW (120&nbsp;hp)
* *1.7 16V* 95&nbsp;kW (129&nbsp;hp)
* *1.8 Twin Spark 16V* 103&nbsp;kW (140&nbsp;hp) and 106&nbsp;kW (144&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0 ti* 110&nbsp;kW (150&nbsp;hp) and 114&nbsp;kW (155&nbsp;hp)

### Diesel 
* *1.9 JTD* 77&nbsp;kW (105&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0 TD* 66&nbsp;kW (90&nbsp;hp)
Alfa Romeo 166

The **Alfa Romeo 166** is a car produced by Alfa Romeo. It replaced the Alfa Romeo 164 in late 1998 and facelifted in 2003 with right hand drive production ending in 2005. It was produced until 2007 with no direct successor. 

## Engines 
### Petrol 
* *2.0 Twin Spark* 110&nbsp;kW (150&nbsp;hp) and 114&nbsp;kW (155&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0 V6 TB* 151&nbsp;kW (205&nbsp;hp)
* *2.5 V6* 138&nbsp;kW (188&nbsp;hp) and 140&nbsp;kW (190&nbsp;hp)
* *3.0 V6* 162&nbsp;kW (220&nbsp;hp) and 166&nbsp;kW (226&nbsp;hp)
* *3.2 V6* 177&nbsp;kW (241&nbsp;hp)

### Diesel 
* *2.4 JTD* 100&nbsp;kW (136&nbsp;hp) and 110&nbsp;kW (150&nbsp;hp)
* *2.4 Multijet* 129&nbsp;kW (175&nbsp;hp) and 136&nbsp;kW (185&nbsp;hp)

## References
Karl Rove

**Karl "Ham" Rove** (born December 25, 1950) is an American political consultant and a policy advisor. He was Deputy Chief of Staff under President George W. Bush. Rove is also a Fox News contributor and columnist for the *Wall Street Journal*. Rove was born in Denver, Colorado.

## References
## Other websites
Annie Potts

**Annie Potts** (born October 28, 1952 in Nashville) is an American television, movie and voice actress. She starred in the two *Ghostbusters* movies and the first two *Toy Story* movies. She is best known for playing Mary Jo Shively in the CBS sitcom *Designing Women* and as Sheldon's MeeMaw in Young Sheldon. She was also in other movies.

## Filmography
### Animated Roles
* *Hercules* - Syrinx
* *Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja* - Miss Mary Elizabeth Zingwald
* *The Kwicky Koala Show* - Additional Voices
* *Welcome to the Wayne* - Olympia Timbers

### Live-Action Roles
* *Amazing Stories* - Bev Binsford

### Film Roles
* *Toy Story* - Bo Peep
* *Toy Story 2* - Bo Peep
* *Toy Story 4* - Bo Peep
* ''Woody's Roundup: The Movie* - Bo Peep

### Video Game Roles
* *Ghostbusters: The Video Game'' - Janine Melnitz

## References
## Other websites
Nicola Porpora

**Nicola (Antonio) Porpora** (or **Niccolò Porpora**) (17 August 1686 – 3 March 1768) was a composer and a very famous singing teacher from Italy. He composed more than 40 operas. He also composed cantatas, oratorios, sonatas for violin, and church music. Some of the famous people who studied singing and music with Porpora were the poet Pietro Metastasio, the composer Joseph Haydn, Princess Maria Antonia of Bavaria, and the castrato singers, Farinelli and Caffarelli.
  
## Life
Porpora was born in Naples. His father, Carlo Porpora, owned a book shop. When he was ten years old, Porpora began to study music at a famous music school in Naples called the . He studied there for ten years. He composed his first opera, *Agrippina*, when he was 22 years old. It was about Agrippina the Younger, the mother of the Roman Emperor, Nero. *Agrippina* was first performed in 1708 at the Royal Palace in Naples.

At first, Porpora worked mostly in Naples, composing music and teaching singing. In 1726 he went to live in Venice where he taught singing and composed many operas. He lived in Venice for many years. During his life he also worked in Vienna, Dresden, and London. He went back to Naples to work two or three times. The last time was in 1758. He stayed in Naples for the rest of his life. He was a teacher at two music schools there, the  and the . 

He wrote his last opera in 1760. It was called  (Camilla's ). It was performed at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, but it was not a success. He retired from teaching in 1761. In the last years of his life, he had very little money. Porpora died in 1768. He was 81 years old. He is buried in the Church of Ecce Homo in Naples. Many singers and musicians performed at his funeral.

## Recordings
There are several modern recordings of Porpora's music, especially his sonatas for violin and his church music. There is also a recording of arias from six of his operas. They are performed by the soprano, Karina Gauvin and the  orchestra, conducted by Alan Curtis.

## References
*Grove, George (1900). "Porpora, Nicola", *A Dictionary of Music and Musicians*, Volume 3, pp. 16-18. MacMillan & Co 
*Randel, Don Michael (ed.) (1996). "Porpora, Nicola (Antonio)" in *The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music*, pp. 702-703. Harvard University Press

## Other websites
*The Porpora Project  with a longer biography of Porpora and lists of his compositions.
* Nicola Porpora at the International Music Score Library Project
Yoshiaki Oiwa

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as an equestrian who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics and in the 2012 Summer Olympics.

## Career
In the 2012 Olympics at London, he ranked first after dressage in the three-day eventing competition. He made history as the first Asian rider to lead any four-star three-day event after dressage.

## Related pages
* Sports in Japan
* Japan at the Olympics

## References
## Other websites
*
Kaori Matsumoto

is a female Japanese athlete.  She is best known as a judoka who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

She was born in Kanazawa, Ishikawa.

## Career
Matsumoto won the gold medal in the lightweight (57&nbsp;kg) division at the 2010 World Judo Championships.

She won gold at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women's 57&nbsp;kg category.

## Related pages
* Sports in Japan
* Japan at the Olympics

## References 
## Other websites
*Kaori Matsumoto (JPN) at JudoInside.com
Ren Hayakawa

is a Japanese sportswoman.  She is best known as an archer who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

## Career
Hayakawa was part of a team which won the bronze medal in women's archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  Hayakawa shot her arrow into the 10-point area in her final shot of the match.

This was Japan's first Olympic medal in any team archery event.

## Related pages
* Sports in Japan
* Japan at the Olympics
* Miki Kanie
* Kaori Kawanaka

## References
The Spoiler

***The Spoiler*** is a novel written by journalist Annalena McAfee.  It is about two women who work at a newspaper. It was published in the United States on April 10, 2012.

## References
Bose Corporation

**Bose Corporation** is a company that makes speakers and audio products. It is based in Framingham, Massachusetts in the United States. Bose Corporation was founded by Amar Bose, a sound engineer.

## Gallery 

File:Bose WaveRadio.jpg|Bose WaveRadio
File:Bose TriPort.jpg|Bose headphones
File:Bose MediaMate computer speakers.jpg|Bose computer speakers
File:BoseInEarMarkKim.JPG|Bose earphones
File:BOSE QuietComfort.JPG|Bose Quiet Comfort

## Other websites
Vocational Independence Program

**Vocational Independence Program** or **VIP** was one of only 10 postsecondary schools in the United States that is known by the U.S. Department of Education as a Comprehensive Transition and Postsecondary (CTP) program for students with an intellectual disability.  In order to be accepted into the VIP program, students must be enrolled in the summer program and the interconnected program Any student admitted to the VIP program must be at least 18 years of age. The IQ scores of these students are 70-143. 

## References
Matt Hughes

**Matthew Allen Hughes** (born December 13, 1978 in Hillsboro, Illinois) is a retired American mixed martial artist. Hughes is a former two-time UFC Welterweight Champion and UFC Hall of Famer. He put together two separate six-fight winning streaks. He defeated all the available opposition in his weight class. He defeated six former UFC Champions. Hughes also was the coach for the reality shows *The Ultimate Fighter 2* and *The Ultimate Fighter 6*. He was the host of *Trophy Hunters TV*.

On June 16, 2017, Hughes was hospitalized with a serious head injury after a train struck the passenger side of his truck at a crossing near his home in Montgomery County, Illinois.

## Championships and achievements
### Mixed martial arts
***Ultimate Fighting Championship**
**UFC Welterweight Champion (two times)
**Seven successful title defenses
**Second most successful welterweight title defenses (seven)
**Tapout of the Night (four times)
**Submission of the Night (one time)
**Fight of the Night (one time)
**UFC Hall of Fame
**Third most wins in the UFC (eighteen)
**Most finishes in the Welterweight division (Thirteen)
**Two separate six-fight win streaks in the UFC
**Defeated all but one (Pat Miletich) of the other UFC welterweight champions while active
**Defeated six different UFC champions
***Black Belt Magazine**
**2006 NHB Fighter of the Year
**Black Belt Magazine Hall of Famer
***Sports Illustrated**
**2000s #3 Fighter of the Decade
**UFC's #4 Greatest Fight vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
**UFC's #1 Greatest Fight vs. B.J. Penn on September 23, 2006
***About.com**
**2000s #5 Fight of the Decade vs. B.J. Penn on September 23, 2006
**2000s #3 Fight of the Decade vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
**2003 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
***Yahoo! Sports**
**2000s #6 Fight of the Decade vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005

### Amateur wrestling
***National Collegiate Athletic Association**
**NCAA Division 1 All-American Team (Two times)
**NCAA Division 1 158&nbsp;lb - 8th place out of Eastern Illinois University (1996)
**NCAA Division 1 158&nbsp;lb - 5th place out of Eastern Illinois University (1997)
***Eastern Illinois University**
**EIU Athletic Hall of Fame
***Illinois High School Association**
**IHSA Class A State Wrestling Champion 145&nbsp;lb (1991)
**IHSA Class A State Wrestling Champion 145&nbsp;lb (1992)

### Submission grappling
***Grapplers Quest**
**2002 Grapplers Quest West Championships Middleweight Advanced Champion (2/23/02)

## Books
*(2008) *Made in America: The Most Dominant Champion in UFC History.* Simon Spotlight Entertainment. .

## References
## Other websites
*Matt Hughes' official website
*Official UFC Profile
*IMDB page
*Matt Hughes' training facility 
*Matt Hughes profile at the National Wrestling Hall of Fame
Steven Seagal

**Steven Frederic Seagal** (born April 10, 1952) is an American martial artist, actor, and filmmaker best known for his action films. Seagal began his adult life as an Aikido instructor in Japan. He became the first foreigner to have an Aikido dojo in Japan. He later moved to Los Angeles, California. He entered the film industry in 1982, first functioning as a martial arts instructor, choreographer, and stunt co-ordinator. His first acting role was in *Above the Law* (1988), which is regarded as the first American film to feature aikido in fight sequences. *Under Siege* (1992) brought him the most fame. In 1993, he starred in his directorial debut *On Deadly Ground*. 

At the height of his career, Seagal was one of the most successful martial arts actors of the 1980s and 1990s, alongside Jean-Claude Van Damme. Credited with popularising aikido in film, Seagal is considered an important figure in the development and popularization of martial arts in the West. 

Outside his career as a martial artist and filmmaker, Seagal is a Tibetan lama and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism. He is also a musician, having released two studio albums, and performed on the scores of several of his films.

## Views
Seagal is known as an environmentalist, an animal rights activist and as a supporter of the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.

He is also known for his outspoken support of Vladimir Putin. Seagal once called Putin "one of the great living world leaders". He was granted Russian citizenship in 2016. In 2018, the Russian foreign ministry announced that Seagal was appointed as a special envoy to improve ties with the United States. In 2023, Putin bestowed a state decoration on Seagal, awarding the Order of Friendship.

## Personal life
Seagal owns a dude ranch in Colorado and a home in Brentwood. He has adopted many animals from shelters. Seagal is a Buddhist.

Seagal has seven children from four relationships.

In Japan, Seagal married his first wife, Miyako Fujitani.  They had a son and daughter.  The daughter is actress and writer Ayako Fujitani.

In the United States, he married former *Days of our Lives* actress Adrienne La Russa. During this marriage, he began a relationship with Kelly LeBrock.  LeBrock became pregnant.  He then ended the marriage with La Russa and married LeBrock. They had 3 children.  During his marriage to LeBrock, Seagal was having a relationship with their nanny, Arissa Wolf.  She had a daughter.

Seagal is currently married to Erdenetuya Batsukh, called Elle. They have a son. Elle is from Mongolia.

In addition to his biological children, he is the guardian to a Tibetan child, Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo.

## Filmography
## Discography
* 2005: *Songs from the Crystal Cave*
* 2006: *Mojo Priest*

## References
## Other websites
*
Shannon Lucid

Dr. **Shannon Lucid** (born 1943) is a biochemist and a retired NASA astronaut. At one time she had the longest duration in space for an American astronaut.  She has flown in space five times.  This includes a long mission on the Mir space station.

Lucid was born in Shanghai, China.  She grew up in Bethany, Oklahoma.  She attended the University of Oklahoma.

Lucid was awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in December 1996.  She is the tenth person and first woman to be given that honor. In 1993 she was inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame.

On January 31, 2012, Lucid said she was retired from NASA.

## References
## Other websites
Mitsubishi Grandis

The **Mitsubishi Grandis** is a car produced by Mitsubishi Motors. It replaced the Mitsubishi Space Wagon in 2003.  It was sold in Japan, Asia, Europe, Oceania, Mexico, Honduras, Jamaica, and South America.

It won the **Best MPV** award at the *Bangkok International Motor Show* from 2005 to 2010.

Production ended in 2011.

## Engines 
* *2.4* 121&nbsp;kW (165&nbsp;hp)
* *2.0 DI-D* 100&nbsp;kW (136&nbsp;hp)

## References
Il Canto degli Italiani

"**Il Canto degli Italiani**" (, meaning "The Song of the Italians") is the Italian national anthem.

In 2012, a bill was pass in making schools to teach the line "''Fratelli d'Italia''" in the anthem.

## Lyrics
While the official lyrics are in Italian, the anthem has been translated into other regional languages, such as Neapolitan and Venetian.

## Notes
## References
Hiromi Miyake

|}

 is a Japanese athlete.  She is best known as a weightlifter who has competed in three Summer Olympic Games.

## Career
In July 2012, Miyake won the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 48&nbsp;kg category.

### Timeline
* **2004**: Athens Olympics
* **2008**: Beijing Olympics
* **2012**: London Olympics

## Related pages
* Sports in Japan
* Japan at the Olympics

## References
## Other websites 
* Hiromi Miyake at London212.com
Jacob Wukie

**Jacob Wukie** (born May 11, 1986) is an American athlete.  He is best known as an archer who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

## Career
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he was part of the men's archery team that won a silver medal.

## Related pages
* United States at the Olympics
* Brady Ellison 
* Jake Kaminski

## References
## Other websites
* Jacob Wukie at London2012.com