open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Supa Dupa Fly

***Supa Dupa Fly*** is the debut studio album by American rapper Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott. The album features the singles, "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)", "Sock It 2 Me", "Hit Em wit da Hee" and "Beep Me 911". Guest appearances on the album include rappers Busta Rhymes, Lil' Kim, Timbaland and Magoo and R&B singers Ginuwine, Nicole, 702 and Aaliyah.

## Track listing 
## Personnel
Credits for *Supa Dupa Fly* adapted from Allmusic.
* 702 – vocals, performer
* Aaliyah – vocals, performer
* Kwaku Alston – photography
* Gregory Burke – design
* Busta Rhymes – vocals, rap, performer
* Richard Clark – assistant engineer
* Nicole - vocals, performer
* Drew Coleman – assistant engineer
* Da Brat – vocals, performer
* Jimmy Douglas – engineer, audio mixing
* Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott – vocals, rap, executive producer
* Ginuwine – vocals, performer
* Lil' Kim – performer
* Magoo – rap
* Bill Pettaway – bass, guitar
* Herb Powers – mastering
* Timbaland – vocals, producer, performer, executive producer, mixing

## Charts and certifications
### Charts
### Certifications
## Notes
## References
* 

## Other websites
* *Supa Dupa Fly* at Discogs
* Article at *Spin*
Under Construction (Missy Elliott album)

***Under Construction*** is the fourth studio album by American rapper Missy Elliott. One of the songs from the album, "Pussycat", was going to be released as a remix with R&B singer Janet Jackson and rapper Lil' Kim. However, only Elliott's vocals were ever recorded for it.

## Track listing
### Unreleased
* "Pussycat" (Remix with Janet Jackson and Lil' Kim)

## Production
* Executive producers – Missy Elliott, Timbaland
* Producers – Missy Elliott, Timbaland, Craig Brockman, Errol "Poppi" McCalla
* Vocal assistance – Tweet, Lisa Crawford
* Engineers – Jeff Allen, Carlos "El Loco" Bedoya, Josh Butler, Jimmy Douglass, Guru, Mike "Hitman" Wilson
* Assistant engineers – Marc Stephen Lee, Steve Penny, David Snyder, Cory Williams
* Mixing – Jimmy Douglass, Timbaland
* Mixing assistance – Steamy
* Mastering – Herb Powers
* A&R – Yaneley Arty, Merlin Bobb, Jay Brown, Patricia Elliott, Gail Hansen, Andre Johnson, Celeste Moses
* Design & Art Direction – Anita Marisa Boriboon, Lili Picou
* Photography – Roberto Fantauzzi

## Charts and certifications
### Charts
### Certifications
## Notes
Respect M.E.

***Respect M.E.*** (Short for ***Respect Missy Elliott***) is the first greatest hits album by American rapper Missy Elliott. It includes all her hits from all of her albums.

## Track listing
#"Get Ur Freak On" – 3:57
#"Lose Control" (featuring Ciara & Fatman Scoop) – 3:47
#"4 My People" (Basement Jaxx Remix) – 3:32
#"We Run This" – 3:24
#"Work It" – 4:24
#"Gossip Folks" (featuring Ludacris) – 3:57
#"One Minute Man" (featuring Ludacris) – 4:13
#"I'm Really Hot" – 3:31
#"Pass That Dutch" – 3:41
#"Beep Me 911" (featuring 702) – 4:58
#"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)" – 4:06
#"All n My Grill" (featuring Big Boi and Nicole Wray) – 4:32
#"Hit Em wit da Hee" (featuring Lil' Kim) – 4:20
#"Hot Boyz" (featuring Lil' Mo) – 3:36
#"Sock It 2 Me" (featuring Da Brat) – 4:17
#"She's a Bitch" – 4:00
#"Teary Eyed" – 3:40

## Notes
*Tracks 10, 11, 13, and 15 originally appeared on the album *Supa Dupa Fly*
*Tracks 12, 14, and 16 originally appeared on the album *Da Real World*
*Tracks 1, 3, and 7 originally appeared on the album *Miss E... So Addictive*
*Tracks 5 and 6 originally appeared on the album *Under Construction*
*Tracks 8 and 9 originally appeared on the album *This Is Not a Test!*
*Tracks 2, 4, and 17 originally appeared on the album *The Cookbook*

## Charts
## Certifications
## References
Miss E... So Addictive

***Miss E… So Addictive*** is the third studio album by American rapper, Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott. The album had the club and R&B/hip-hop hit "One Minute Man". The album has guest appearances from rappers Timbaland, Redman, Busta Rhymes, Eve, Jay-Z, Ludacris and Shawnna and R&B singers Aaliyah, Tweet and Ginuwine. It was the last album of Elliott's that Aaliyah appeared on before Aaliyah's death in August 2001. It was the last album under the name *Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott*.

## Track listing 
## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Certifications
## References
The Cookbook

***The Cookbook*** is the sixth studio album by American rapper Missy Elliott. As of 2015 it is her newest studio album.

## Track listing 
### Sample credits 
* "Partytime" contains a sample from "Whammer Jammer" by The J. Geils Band
* "Irresistible Delicious" contains a sample from "Lick the Balls" by Slick Rick and "Body Work" by Hot Streak
* "My Struggles" contains a sample from "What's the 411?" by Mary J. Blige
* "We Run This" contains a sample from "Apache" by The Sugarhill Gang

## Personnel 
* June Ambrose – stylist
* Marcella Araica – assistant engineer
* Chris Brown – assistant engineer
* Jay Brown – A&R
* Greg Gigendad Burke – art direction, design
* Warryn Campbell – producer
* Vadim Chislov – assistant engineer
* Andrew Coleman – engineer
* Wyatt Coleman – engineer
* Shondrae "Mister Bangladesh" Crawford – producer
* Jimmy Douglass – mixing
* Michael Eleopoulos – engineer
* Missy Elliott – producer, executive producer
* Paul J. Falcone – engineer, mixing
* Gloria Elias Foeillet – make-up
* Chris Gehringer – mastering
* Serban Ghenea – mixing
* Hart Gunther – assistant

* Rich Harrison – producer
* Iz – instrumentation
* Eric Jensen – assistant engineer
* Darrale Jones – A&R
* Charlene "Tweet" Keys – background vocals
* Keith Lewis – producer
* Patrick Magee – assistant engineer
* Kimberly Mason – coordination
* The Neptunes – producer
* Saint Nick – producer
* Larry Sims – coordination
* Southwest DeKalb – drums
* Scott Storch – producer
* Timbaland – producer
* Saint Warwick – photography
* Rhemario Webber – producer
* Rayshawn Woolard – assistant engineer

## Charts and certifications
### Charts
### Certifications
## Release history 
## References
Banshee (roller coaster)

**Banshee** is a B&M Inverted roller coaster located at Kings Island. It replaced Son of Beast, a wooden roller coaster. It is currently the longest inverted roller coaster in the world.
This Is Not a Test!

***This Is Not a Test!*** is the fifth studio album by American rapper Missy Elliott.

## Track listing 
### Sample credits 
* "Pass That Dutch":
** 'The Rapper' by The Jaggerz (1970)
** 'Magic Mountain' by Eric Burdon and War (1970)
** 'Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood' by Santa Esmeralda (1977)
** 'Potholes in My Lawn' by De La Soul (1989)
** 'Scenario' by A Tribe Called Quest feat. Leaders of the New School (1991)
* "Keep It Movin":
** 'I Know I've Been Wrong' by Mashmakhan (1970)
* "Is This Our Last Time":
** 'The Second Time Around' by Shalamar (1979)
* "I'm Really Hot":
** 'Buffalo Gals' by Malcolm McLaren (1982)
** 'Release Yourself' by Aleem (1984)
** 'Hot Music (Jazz Mix)' by Soho (1989)
** 'Doin It' by LL Cool J (1995)
* "Don't Be Cruel":
** 'Push It' by Salt-N-Pepa (1986)
* "Let It Bump":
** 'I Cram to Understand U' by MC Lyte (1988)
* "Pump It Up":
** 'Please, Please, Please' by James Brown and The Famous Flames (1956)
* "Let Me Fix My Weave":
** 'Please Understand' by MC Lyte (1989)

## Personnel
* June Ambrose – stylist
* Yaneley Arty – A&R
* Carlos "El Loco" Bedoya – engineer
* Beenie Man – vocals, guest appearance
* Ian Blanch – engineer
* Bless – scratching, group member
* Mary J. Blige – vocals, guest appearance
* Merlin Bobb – A&R
* Stacy Boge – photo production
* Anita Marisa Boriboon – art direction, design
* Craig "Boogie" Brockman – keyboards, producer
* Jay Brown – executive producer, A&R
* Suzanne Burge – product manager
* Demacio Castellon – mixing assistant
* Vadim Chislov – mixing assistant
* The Clark Sisters – vocals, guest appearance
* Annette Coleman – hair stylist
* Jimmy Douglass – engineer
* Elephant Man – vocals, guest appearance

* Missy Elliott – vocals, producer, executive producer
* Patricia Elliott – A&R
* Fabolous – vocals, guest appearance
* Roberto Fantauzzi – photo production
* Linda Fields – background vocals
* Andre Johnson – coordination
* Claudine Joseph – product manager
* R. Kelly – vocals, guest appearance
* Michael Kennedy – prop design
* Scott Kieklak – mixing
* Safiya Lewis – coordination
* Nelly – vocals, guest appearance
* Lili Picou – design
* Herb Powers – mastering
* Chris Puram – engineer
* Senator Jimmy D – mixing
* Nisan Stewart – producer
* Timbaland – producer, executive producer

## Charts and certifications
### Charts
### Certifications
## Release history
## References
Cees van Kooten

**Cees van Kooten** (; 20 August 1948 – 24 August 2015) was a Dutch former international football striker. After his career he became a football manager, he retired after a heart attack. 

van Kooten died of esophageal cancer at the age of 67.

## References
Yosi Piamenta

**Yosi Piamenta** (November 29, 1951 – August 23, 2015) was an Orthodox Jewish singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was known for introducing the electric guitar to Jewish music. Piamenta played rock and roll tunes with Biblical Hebrew lyrics. 

## References
Seasonal breeder

**Seasonal breeders** are animal species that  only during certain times of the year. These times of year are usually best for the survival of the young. Factors include ambient temperature, food and water availability, and even changes in the predation behaviors of other species. The  interest and mating behavior goes on only during this period. 

## Breeding seasons 
Female seasonal breeders will have one or more oestrous cycles only when she is "in season" or fertile At this time she is naturally ready to mate.  At other times of the year they are not sexually interested. Male seasonal breeders may have changes in testosterone levels, testes weight, and fertility depending on the time of year. For example, male greater sage-grouse actually gain weight as their bodies get ready for the spring breeding season. Seasonal breeders are different than opportunistic breeders. These are species which mate whenever conditions allow it. They are also different from continuous breeders like humans that mate year-round.

## Communal breeding 
Many species breed in colonies or large communities which is known as communal breeding. It is common to see large groups of these species during their breeding seasons. These breeding colonies and their location are generally protected by wildlife conservation laws. This is to keep the species from going extinct. Some species have evolved to communal breeding in large breeding colonies. They cannot breed in smaller numbers or s alone. These species can be threatened by extinction if they are hunted on their breeding grounds or if their breeding colonies are destroyed. The Passenger pigeon is a famous example. They were probably the most numerous land bird on the American continent which had evolved for communal breeding. They became extinct due to large scale hunting in its communal breeding grounds. They were not able to  breed in smaller numbers.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Dog Breeding Cycles and Seasons
* When Birds Mate
Companion dog

A **companion dog** is one whose main job is to keep people company. It is not necessary that companion dogs be trained to perform any specific task. Their main service is to provide companionship. A dog trained to perform a task for a disabled  is called a service dog. Large dogs may not be suitable for very young children. Older people are increasingly choosing smaller dogs. Therapy dogs and emotional support dogs provide comfort to people with certain conditions. Often they belong to staff members of hospitals or institutions. Some dogs are certified as companion dogs and are selected for certain qualities.

## References
Opistognathidae

**Opistognathidae**, the **jawfishes**, are a family of fishes classified within the order Perciformes, suborder Percoidei. The family includes about 80 species. 

They are native to warmer parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, where found from the shallows to depths of a few hundred meters.

## Other websites
Justin Wilson

**Justin Boyd Wilson** (31 July 1978 &ndash; 24 August 2015 which caused his death the following day.

## References
I'm Real (Jennifer Lopez song)

"'''I'm Real'*" is a song by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez from her second album *J.Lo''.  It is an electropop and R&B song.  It samples the 1978 song "Firecracker" by Yellow Magic Orchestra. Fellow singer Mariah Carey was going to use this sample for her single "Loverboy", but "I'm Real" was released first.

The song was later released as a remix featuring rapper Ja Rule, called "'''I'm Real (Murder Remix)'*". It reached number one on the *Billboard'' Hot 100 and the top ten in the UK and Canada.

## I'm Real (Murder Remix) 
"'''I'm Real (Murder Remix)'''" is a remix of "I'm Real" featuring rapper Ja Rule.  It is featured on the *J.Lo* album and her first remix album, *J to tha L-O!: The Remixes*. The song samples "All Night Long" by R&B girl group The Mary Jane Girls and "Mary Jane" by R&B singer Rick James. It is different from the original version because it is slower and has a more hip hop-sounding style. The song also got some bad press with Lopez saying the word "niggas" doing the third verse.

## Charts
### Year-end charts
### Decade-end charts
### Certifications
|}

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Middlesex County, New Jersey

**Middlesex County** is one of 21 counties of New Jersey. Middlesex is part of the New York metropolitan area, and its county seat is New Brunswick.

## Higher education
* Middlesex County College (Edison - main campus; New Brunswick, Perth Amboy)
*Rutgers University New Brunswick Campus (New Brunswick, Piscataway)
* Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (New Brunswick)
* Princeton University – Forrestal Campus (Plainsboro)
* DeVry University (North Brunswick)

## Municipalities
Municipalities in Middlesex County (with 2020 Census data for population, housing units and area in square miles) are:

## References
## Other websites
* Middlesex County official website  Retrieved July 1, 2008.
Lesser prairie chicken

The **lesser prairie chicken** (*Tympanuchus pallidicinctus*) is a bird in the grouse family. It is similar to the greater prairie chicken but is slightly smaller and paler in color.

About half of this species live in western Kansas. They are also found in Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas.

## References
## Other websites 
*BirdLife Species Factsheet 
*Lesser Prairie-Chicken videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Spotted turtle

The **spotted turtle** (*Clemmys guttata*) is a turtle found in eastern North America. They are found in the eastern Great Lakes and east of the Appalachian Mountains. They are aquatic omnivores that live in  fresh water. These are places such as flooded forests, marshes, wet meadows, bogs and woodland streams.

## References
Pygmy rabbit

The **pygmy rabbit** (*Brachylagus idahoensis*) is a North American rabbit. It is found in the desert areas of the Great Basin and Montana.

The pygmy rabbit is the world's smallest leporid. An average adult weights about . It has a body length of . The female rabbit is slightly larger than the male.

The pygmy rabbit is different from other leporids by its small size, short ears, gray color and small hind legs. It also does not have any white fur on its tail.

Weasels are the main predators of pygmy rabbits. Coyotes, red foxes, badgers, bobcats, owls and hawks also hunt pygmy rabbits.

## Endangered species 
One  population, the Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit,  is listed as an endangered species by the U.S. Federal government.  The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the species as lower risk. This species only lives naturally in the Columbia Basin of Washington State.

The last male purebred Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit died March 30, 2006, at the Oregon Zoo in Portland. The last purebred female died in 2008. A program by the Oregon Zoo, Washington State University and Northwest Trek is trying to preserve the genes by breeding surviving females with the Idaho pygmy rabbit.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Pygmy Rabbit 
*Western Watersheds Project
Stimulus (psychology)

A **stimulus** in psychology is an energy change (such as light or sound) which is received by the senses. The usage changes somewhat according to which school of psychology is using it:

*In classical conditioning and behaviorism, a stimulus is the basis for behavior. 
*In perceptual psychology it is the basis for perception.  In this context, a distinction is made between the *distal stimulus* (the external, perceived object) and the *proximal stimulus* (the stimulation of sensory organs).
*In experimental psychology, the term 'stimulus' is used to describe *the event or object to which a response is measured*. In this case, not everything that is presented to participants is a stimulus. For example, a fixation cross is not said to be a stimulus, because it merely serves to center subject's gaze at the center of the screen. Also, longer events are usually not called 'stimuli', even when a response to such an event is measured.

A stimulus may be used to see if a person is in a coma and what type of coma it is.

## References
Da Real World

***Da Real World*** is the second studio album by American rapper Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott. The album features a much more "darker" and hardcore hip hop sound compared to her hip hop soul sounding 1997 debut album *Supa Dupa Fly*. *Da Real World* also features guest appearances by Timbaland, Eminem, Da Brat, Aaliyah, Big Boi and Redman.

## Reviews
The album met generablly favorable reviews.

AllMusic gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "... it's clearly a Missy Elliott album in most respects, with Timbaland's previously trademarked, futuristic-breakbeat production smarts laced throughout." AllMusic also said that 'Busa Rhyme' was the best track of album.

Touré, of *Rolling Stone*, gave the album 3 out of 5 stars.

## Charts
## Certifications
## Track listing 
*All songs produced by Timbaland.

## Release history
## References
Riccardo III

***Riccardo III*** is an Italian opera in four acts, music by Luigi Canepa and libretto by Fulvio Fulgonio, after William Shakespeare's play *Richard III*. It was first performed in Milan, on November 10, 1879.

## Principal characters
* Riccardo III - bass
* Rismondo - tenor
* Scroop - baritone
* Rutlando - comprimary tenor
* Elisabetta, queen - soprano or mezzo-soprano
* Elisabetta, daughter - soprano

## Discography
* 1962: Nicola Rossi-Lemeni (Riccardo III), Franco Bonisolli (Rismondo), Walter Alberti (Scroop), Tommaso Frascati (Rutlando), Lucilla Udovich (Regina), Antonietta Pastori (Elisabetta); Corale “Luigi Canepa” Sassari, Orchestra dell’Ente Concerti “Marialisa de Carolis”, Nino Bonavolontà - (Opera d'Oro, later Decca)

## Sources
* *The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta*, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
Christina Milian (album)

***Christina Milian*** is the self-titled  studio album by American singer and songwriter Christina Milian. It was released by Def Jam on October 9, 2001. The album features the hit singles "AM to PM" and "When You Look at Me".

## Track listing 
## Personnel 
* Executive producers – Christina Milian, Jeff Fenster, Carmen Milian
* Vocal assistance – Montell Jordan, Jeanette Olsson, Christina Milian
* Vocal arrangements – Christina Milian, Bloodshy, Avant, Focus, Montell Jordan
* Engineers – Joe Chiccarelli, Brian Frye, Al Hemberger, Glenn Matullo, Carlisle Young
* Assistant engineers – Tom Bender, Stephanie Vonarx
* Conductors – Janson & Janson
* Mixing – Mick Guzauski, Tony Maserati, Peter Mokran, Brian Springer, Phil Tan
* A&R – Hector "Rick Boogie" Aviles, Simon Collins, Jeff Fenster
* Design – Shanna Busman
* Art direction – Shanna Busman
* Photography – Tony Duran

* Bass – LaMarquis Mark Jefferson, Thomas Lindberg
* Cello – Asa Forsberg
* Guitar – Henrik Jonback 
* Viola – Hans Akeson, Elisabeth Arnberg Ranmo, Monika Stanikowska
* Violin – Dag Alin, Torbjorn Bernhardsson, Hanna Gähran, Per Hammarstrom, Annette Mannheimer, Svein H. Martinsen, Martin Stensson

## Charts 
## References
Blanding's turtle

'''Blanding's turtle'*  (*Emys blandingii* or *Emydoidea blandingii'') is a North American turtle; it mainly lives near and south of the Great Lakes.

## Description 
The Blanding's turtle is characterized by its dark dome shaped upper shell, also known as the carapace, and its distinct bright yellow neck. The dark shell of the turtle is often scattered with yellow specks. The Blanding’s turtle is commonly referred to as a semi-box turtle due to its bottom shell, known as the plastron, which is hinged across the front third. The hinge going across the shell allows the turtle to pull the front of the plastron strongly against the top half of the shell helping it to hide when threatened.

## Habitat 
The Blanding’s turtle lives in wetland areas with shallow waters-such as rivers and streams- that are near sandy uplands. These wetland areas support the turtles with their rich, aquatic vegetation. 

Blanding’s turtles are known to live in the Upper Midwest, New England, and Southeastern Canada regions. The hatchlings leave the nest starting around mid-August to early October. Blanding’s turtles have a life expectancy of over 70 years. 

## References
Francis Sejersted

**Francis Sejersted** (8 February 1936 &ndash; 25 August 2015) was a Norwegian history professor. He was the former chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

Sejersted suffered a long illness and died on 25 August 2015 in Oslo, aged 79.

## References
It's About Time (Christina Milian album)

'''''It's About Time'''* is the second studio album by American singer Christina Milian. It has more of a pop, hip hop and R&B feel to it than her 2001 self-titled debut album.

## Track listing
Credits adapted from the liner notes of *It's About Time''.

## Charts
## References
Ole Danbolt Mjøs

**Ole Danbolt Mjøs** (8 March 1939 – 1 October 2013) was a Norwegian physician and politician for the Christian Democratic Party. He was a professor and former rector at the University of Tromsø, and he was the leader of the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 2003 to 2008.

## References
José María Benegas

**José María "Txiki" Benegas Haddad** (25 July 1948 &ndash; 25 August 2015) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). He was born in Caracas, Venezuela.

Benegas died in Madrid, Spain from cancer at the age of 67.

## References
Make America Great Again

"**Make America Great Again**" (**MAGA**) is a campaign slogan used by **American politicians**. It was first used by Ronald Reagan during his 1980 presidential campaign.  

The term was created in 1979 Usually when the term is used, people use it as a reflection to the Presidency of Ronald Reagan.

Since Reagan left office, the slogan has been used by a variety of politicians. More recently, the slogan has been associated with Donald Trump who trademarked the slogan and used it in his own presidential campaign in 2016.  

## References
## Other websites
* Rawstory.com
* Donald J. Trump for President
* Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention
Bog turtle

The **bog turtle** (*Glyptemys muhlenbergii*) is a turtle found only in the eastern United States (northeast and Appalachian Mountains). It is the smallest North American turtle. It measures about  long when fully grown. Bog turtles are threatened from loss of habitat and collection as pets. 

## Appearance 
It looks similar to the painted or spotted turtles. But it is more closely related to the larger wood turtle.

## Habitat 
The bog turtle lives in bogs and other wetlands. They are a  and endangered species. It mostly eats insects and their larva. It is unknown how long they live in the wild. In captivity they live up to 30 years. 

## References
Thorbjørn Jagland

(born **Thorbjørn Johansen**, 5 November 1950) is a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party. He was the Secretary General of the Council of Europe from 2009 through 2019. He served as the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 2009 to 2015.

Jagland studied economics at the University of Oslo. He started his political career in the Workers' Youth League, and served as national leader from 1977 to 1981.

Jagland served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1996 to 1997, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2000 to 2001, Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Storting from 2001 to 2005 and President of the Storting from 2005 to 2009.

In February 2026, Norwegian police opened a criminal investigation of Jagland for corruption related to his connections with Jeffrey Epstein. On 11 February 2026, the Council of Europe's Committee of Ministers decided to waive immunity for Jagland. The next day on 12 February, Jagland was charged with aggravated corruption in connection with the investigation into his relationship with Epstein.

## References
## Other websites
*Norway's Prime Ministers – A pictorial with portraits of Norway's Prime Ministers (*Aftenposten*)
Mexican Canadians

**Mexican Canadians** are Canadians of Mexican descent.

## Statistics
## Related pages
*Mexican American
*Chicano

## References
Itaipu Dam

The **Itaipu Dam** is a hydroelectric (making electricity by the movement of water) dam on the Paraná River, on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. 

It is listed as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World. It is the world's second largest dam behind the Three Gorges Dam by nameplate capacity, but bigger in terms of construction and the largest by power production in 2015-2016. It is 7919 metres long and 196 metres high.

The **Itaipu Dam** is owned by the Brazilian Goverment as Company Itaipú Binacional.
## References
La Llorona

**La Llorona** is a well known Latin American folk tale that originated in the 1800s to early 1900s.(The La Llorona tale actually dates back to the conquistadors and is thought to have originated in prehispanic times.)

Although several variations exist, the most basic story tells of a beautiful woman by the name of Maria who drowns her children in the river out of rage because her husband left her for a younger woman. She soon comes to her senses and regrets her decision to kill her children, so she drowns herself in a river in Latin America. She then becomes stuck between the physical and spiritual world on an eternal search for her children, not permitted to enter heaven without them. Her incessant weeping throughout the night gives her the title "La Llorona" (The Weeping Woman). 

Parents often use this story to prevent their children from wandering out at night. In some versions of this tale and legend, La Llorona will kidnap wandering children who resemble her missing children, asking her children for forgiveness and drowning these other children to take their place but they never forgive her yet  still she keeps trying. 

People who claim to have seen her say she appears at night, or in the late evenings from rivers or lakes throughout Latin America. Some believe that those who hear the wails of La Llorona are marked for death. She is said to cry,"¡Ay, mis hijos!" (Oh, my children!). She is also said to cry "mis hijos, mis hijos! donde estan mis hijos!"(my sons, my sons, where are my sons).

A movie about the folk tale titled *The Curse of La Llorona* was released in April 2019.

## Related pages
* La Llorona (song)

## References
Guri Dam

The **Guri Dam**, officially called the **Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant**, is a dam in Bolívar State, Venezuela. It is on the Caroni River.

## References
Middlesex, New Jersey

**Middlesex County, New Jersey** is a borough of Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 14,636. In 1905, the Lincoln section of Middlesex organized a volunteer fire company.

## References
So Amazin'

***So Amazin***' is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Christina Milian. The album featured the hit "Say I" which featured rapper Young Jeezy. Musically, *So Amazin* has more of a hip hop, soul and R&B sound to it and was more "urban" sound to it compared to Milian's previous albums.

## Track listing
# "Say I" (featuring Jeezy) (Bunny Sigler, Jay Jenkins, Phil Hurtt, Andre Lyon, Marcello Valenzano, Jazmine Sullivan) – 3:33
# "Twisted" (Lyon, Sullivan, Valenzano, Leon Ware) – 4:00
# "Gonna Tell Everybody" (Anthony Henderson, Steven Howse, Ernie Isley, Marvin Isley, O'Kelly Isley, Jr., Ronald Isley, Lyon, Milian, Eddie Montilla, Valenzano) – 4:20
# "Who's Gonna Ride" (featuring Three 6 Mafia) (Paul Beauregard, Albert Bouchard, Jordan Houston, Lyon, Milian, David Roter, Valenzano) – 4:10
# "So Amazing" (featuring Dre) (Lyon, Milian, Valenzano) – 3:20
# "Hot Boy" (featuring Dre) (Lyon, Milian, Valenzano) – 3:53
# "Foolin'" (Lyon, Milian, Pam Sawyer, Valenzano, Ware) – 4:05
# "My Lovin' Goes" (Lyon, Milian, Valenzano) – 4:00
# "Just a Little Bit" (Vinnie Barrett, Bobby Eli, John Freeman Jr., Lyon, Milian, Valenzano) – 3:05
# "Y'all Ain't Nothin'" (Milian, Ne-Yo, Melvin Sparkman) – 4:18
# "She Don't Know" (Jeff Barnell, Bernard Dahan, Lyon, Milian, Fabio Valenzano) – 4:35

;Bonus tracks
 "Wind You Up" (Lyon, Milian, Valenzano) (Japanese bonus track) – 3:42
 "Tonight" (Lyon, Milian, Valenzano) (UK/Japanese bonus track) – 3:40

## Personnel
*John D.S. Adams – engineer
*Mathu Anderson – make-up
*Carol Corless – package coordinator
*April DeVona – assistant engineer
*Tony Duran – photography
*Thomas "T" Hatcher – bass
*Jean-Marie Horvat – mixing
*Patrick Magee – assistant engineer
*Alan Mason – assistant engineer
*Renson Mateo – engineer
*Kevin Mayer – mixing assistant
*Carmen Milian – management
*Christina Milian – executive producer
*Eddie Montilla – bass, keyboards

*Adrienne Muhammad – A&R
*Gary Noble – engineer
*Herb Powers – mastering
*Derrick "Swol" Ray – bass
*Eric Rennaker – assistant engineer
*Nico Solis – engineer
*Shakir Stewart – A&R
*Randy Stodghill – hair stylist
*Alli Truch – creative director
*Eric Weissman – sample clearance
*Andy West – art direction, design
*James M. Wisner – mixing assistant
*Eric Wong – marketing

## Charts
## References
Old Bridge Township, New Jersey

**Old Bridge Township, New Jersey** is a township of New Jersey.
## Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Old Bridge Township include:
* Josh Ansley, bass player for Streetlight Manifesto and Catch 22.
* T. Frank Appleby (1864–1924), represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1921 to 1923.
* Louis Consalvo (born 1958), reputed soldier in the DeCavalcante crime family.
* Junot Diaz (born 1968), Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist.
* Colleen Fitzpatrick (born 1969), a pop music artist, dancer and actress, better known by her stage name, **Vitamin C**.
* Caren Lissner (born 1972), novelist.
* Brian O'Halloran (born 1969), actor. Appeared in *Clerks* and *Clerks 2*.
* Jodi Lyn O'Keefe (born 1978), actress.
* Overkill, thrash metal band.
* Tab Ramos (born 1966), retired soccer midfielder.
* R. J. Allen (born 1990), soccer player for NYCFC.
* George Rizzi (born 1951), guitarist and musical director of the 1960s pop/rock group The Happenings, whose hits include "See You In September" and "Go Away Little Girl".
* Diane Ruggiero, screen writer for *Veronica Mars*.
* Ed Sanicki (1923–1998), outfielder who played for the Philadelphia Phillies.
* Donna Simpson (born 1967), Guinness World Record holder for largest mother.
* Shannon Sohn (born 1974), first helicopter reporter to earn a national Emmy Award.
* William H. Sutphin (1887–1972) represented  from 1931-1943.

## Education
The Old Bridge Township Public Schools serve students in Kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2023-24 school year, the district's 14 schools had an enrollment of 8,096 students and 670.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.07:1. Schools in the district (with 2023-24 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are eleven K-5 elementary schools — 
M. Scott Carpenter Elementary School (226 students), 
Leroy Gordon Cooper Elementary School (196), 
Virgil I. Grissom Elementary School (182), 
Madison Park Elementary School (285), 
James A. McDivitt Elementary School (532), 
Memorial Elementary School (417), 
William A. Miller Elementary School (332), 
Walter M. Schirra Elementary School (269), 
Alan B. Shepard Elementary School (280), 
Southwood Elementary School (343) and
Raymond E. Voorhees Elementary School (394) — 
both 
Jonas Salk Middle School (903) and 
Carl Sandburg Middle School (981) for grades 6-8 and
Old Bridge High School for grades 9-12 (2,707).

## References
## Other websites
*Old Bridge Township Official Website
*Old Bridge Township Public Schools
*
*School Data for the Old Bridge Township Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Super Bass

"**Super Bass**" is a song by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. It is from her 2010 debut album *Pink Friday*.  The song is listed as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of the album.  It was released as a single from *Pink Friday* in 2011. This hip-hop and rap song contains electronic influences. While this happens, Minaj raps over a hip hop beat.  The song was able to cross over into many genres on radio, such as pop, urban, and rhythmic.  "Super Bass" was written by Minaj, Daniel Johnson, and Ester Dean, who also helps write songs for other recording artists such as Rihanna.  The song was produced by Kane Beatz. The song's lyrics are about a playful romance between a man and a woman, according to Minaj.

The song reached number three on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 in 2011, as well as on the Mainstream Top 40/Pop Songs airplay chart.  It topped the US Rhythmic Songs chart and reached number two on the Rap Songs chart.  In Australia and Canada, the song reached number six, while it peaked at number eight in the United Kingdom.  "Super Bass" finished as the eighth-best performing song of 2011 in the United States.

On November 9, 2021, the song was certified Diamond by the RIAA for consumption of 10 million copies in the United States alone.

## Music video
The music video starts with Minaj with her eyes closed. As the song starts, she begins to open them. As Minaj raps through the verse of the song, she is shown with Barbie props. Later on in the song, Minaj starts to tease men. The props used proposed ice cream and a motorcycle that were made of ice. As the chorus begins, she and her five clones of her are performing choreography. After that, Minaj later dances in the dark lights. She also uses glow-in-the-dark accessories.

Many critics have praised the music video. It is because of its vibrant, catchy looks. The song was nominated for "Best Female Video" and "Best Hip-Hop Video" categories at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. Later on, it won those awards.
## Certifications 
## Copyright Date
(C) 2011 Cash Money Records LLC. All Rights Reserved

## References
Che'Nelle

**Cheryline Ernestine Lim** (born March 10, 1983), known by her stage name '''Che'Nelle'*, is an Australian singer-songwriter. 

She gained popularity in Japan with the release of her debut studio album, *Things Happen for a Reason* (2007). Her debut single "I Fell in Love with the DJ" released in 2007, reached the top twenty in France.

## Beginning, early career with the *Dear Summer* albums and *Things Happen for a Reason''
Lim moved to Perth, Western Australia at age 10. Before breaking out on the music scene in 2007, Che'Nelle was featured on English hip hop and R&B music producer S4DK's "Dear Summer" albums including the first installment in 2005 with a R&B ballad called "Slow Down" which sampled fellow R&B singer Bobby V's song of the same name, two years later she appeared on the second and final installment called "Dear Summer Volume Two" with the R&B ballad "Hooked Up".

Her debut album *Things Happen for a Reason* was released on 25 September 2007 in Japan and 29 October 2007 in Australia.
The first single from this album was "I Fell in Love with the DJ" featuring reggae artist Cham.

## 2008 - 2010: Songwriting, *Feel Good*
Che'Nelle has written songs for herself and also co-wrote Carmit Bachar's single "Fierce", Ricki-Lee's debut single "Hell No!" and Leona Lewis's song "Can't Breathe".

Her second album was later confirmed as *Feel Good*, which it was named after the first single from the album, the song and album was strongly influenced by R&B and reggae much like *Things Happen for a Reason*, however *Feel Good* and (to date) all her other albums wre only released in Japan.

## 2011: *Luv Songs* 
In 2011, Che'Nelle released her third album *Luv Songs* which saw a departure from Che'Nelle's reggae sound for an R&B, soul sound. The album consisted of mainly R&B cover ballads from American singers like Ne-Yo, Whitney Houston and Minnie Riperton as well as cover of many Japanese known songs.

## 2012: *Believe* 
In 2012, Che'Nelle released her forth album *Believe*; much like 2011's *Luv Songs* it was heavily rooted in an R&B and Japanese music sound.

## 2013: *Aishiteru (I Love You)* 
In 2013, Che'Nelle released her fifth album *Aishiteru* which is Japanese for the phrase "I Love You", the album was her first album to be mainly recorded in Japanese with a few English songs.

## 2014: *Luv Songs 2* 
In 2014, Che'Nelle released her sixth album *Luv Songs 2*; it was her second installment in the *Luv Songs* series and like 2011's *Luv Songs*, it features a mixture of traditional Japanese love songs with several covers of R&B songs including "We Found Love" by Barbadian R&B singer Rihanna.

## 2015: *@chenelleworld* 
In 2015, Che'Nelle released her seventh album *@chenelleworld*, it is her most recent album.

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Extended plays
### Singles
#### As lead artist
* * RIAJ Digital Track Chart was established in April 2009 and cancelled in July 2012.

#### As featured artist
#### Non-album tracks
## Awards and nominations
## References
* 
*
Dovrefjell

**Dovrefjell** is a mountain range which forms a natural barrier between Southern Norway and the Trøndelag region.  In 1974 the Norwegian government established a national park measuring 256 square kilometers, to protect its beautiful nature and the rich plant and animal life.  The size was increased in 2002 to 1693 square kilometers to cover a larger portion of the mountain range.

The highest mountain peak in the range is Snøhetta. It is 2,286 meters above sea level. There was once a gold mine on the mountain but it closed at the end of the 17th century.

The main south-north highway (European route E6) in Norway and a railway both travel over Dovrefjell.  The highway is open all year, but is sometimes closed for short periods during heavy winter snowfall. The railway line is named Donvrebane and it began operating in 1921.

## Eidsvoll oath - 1814 
"Enige og tro til Dovre faller" (*United and loyal until the mountains of Dovre crumble*).

The mountain Dovre was chosen since it has an important part in Norwegian history, where Dovrefjell represents the eternal, unity and democracy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

The oath was used during a difficult period in the 1800s when Norway was trying to get a new identity after leaving a union with Denmark and when the union with Sweden came to an end in 1905.

## Other websites 
*Dovrefjell - the official travel guide to Norway
Conrad Veidt

**Hans Walter Conrad Veidt** (22 January 1893 – 3 April 1943) was a German actor. He best remembered for his roles in movies such as *The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari* (1920), *The Man Who Laughs* (1928), *The Thief of Bagdad* (1940), and in *Casablanca* (1942).

Veidt was against Nazism, and fled with his Jewish wife to the United Kingdom after Hitler had come to power in 1933. He moved to the United States in 1941.

Conrad Veidt died in Hollywood, California from a heart attack, aged 50.

## References 
* ''Conrad Veidt: The Cinema's Master*. The Conrad Veidt Society
* *Conrad Veidt'' . A History of Horror

## Other websites 
*
*
* 
*Pictures  of Conrad Veidt.
*Conrad Veidt - The German-Hollywood Connection
*Pictures of Conrad Veidt
*The Conrad Veidt Home Page
*Conrad Veidt Biography
A.D. Grover

**Albert Deane Grover** (born February 18, 1865 in Boston, Massachusetts; died October 23, 1927 in Manhattan, New York) was an American banjo player. He also wrote music, taught, and invented musical parts and accessories for stringed instruments. He helped set up the Boston Ideal Banjo, Mandolin and Guitar Club. He also started the musical accessories company A. D. Grover & Son. 

Grover held over 50 patents for musical instrument parts. 

Grover was born on February 18, 1865 in  Boston, Massachusetts. His father, Stephen Grover (1820–1885), was a Boston piano maker.

Grover died on October 23, 1927 in Manhattan, New York

In 1952, A.D. Grover & Son was renamed to Grover Musical Products, Inc. 

## Selected musical pieces 
* *Magog Quickstep,* written by Grover, Boston: Thompson & Odell (1887) 
* *Marguerite Waltz,* written by Grover, Boston: Thompson & Odell (1889) 

## Other publications 
* ''Grover's Progressive Method for the Banjo,'' Boston: Thompson & Odell Company (1892) 

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Maverick schottische / by A. D. Grover
Frankie Muse Freeman

The Honorable **Frankie Muse Freeman** (born **Marie Frankie Muse**, November 24, 1916 &ndash; January 12, 2018) was an American civil rights attorney, and the first woman to be appointed to the United States Commission on Civil Rights (1964 to 1979).

On February 5, 2015, President Barack Obama appointed Freeman to serve as a Member of the Commission on Presidential Scholars.

Freeman died on January 12, 2018 in Danville, Virginia at the age of 101.

## References
## Other websites
* The History Maker: Frankie Muse Freeman bio 
* St. Louis Character: Frankie Freeman, *St. Louis Business Journal*
Charles Evers

**James Charles Evers** (September 11, 1922 &ndash; July 22, 2020) was an American civil rights activist.  In 1969, he became the first African American since the Reconstruction era to have been elected as mayor in a Mississippi city.

He served as mayor of Fayette in Jefferson County. Thereafter, he ran for governor in 1971 and the United States Senate in 1978. He ran both times as an Independent candidate.

Evers died on July 22, 2020 in Brandon, Mississippi at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
* *The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow*, PBS https://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_people_evers.html
* 90.1 WMPR, http://www.wmpr901.com/c_evers.php  Jackson Mississippi, Charles Evers station manager : blues, urban contemporary gospel, talk, variety
* Oral History Interview with Charles Evers, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
Piermario Morosini

**Piermario Morosini** (5 July 1986 – 14 April 2012) was an Italian football player.

On 14 April 2012 he suffered a cardiac arrest while he was playing a match with his team Livorno against the team Pescara. He died minutes after in the Civil Hospital of Pescara.

## References
Natural fibre

A **natural fibre** is a fibre made from natural sources, like animals or plants. 

## Animal fibres 
Fibres from animal sources are wool, cashmere, fur and silk.

Wool comes from the fleece of sheep and the hair of yak, camel, alpaca, guanaco and vicuna.

Cashmere comes from cashmere goats.

Fur of various animals such as rabbit, beaver, mink and muskrat is also used as clothing.

Silk comes from silkworms, which is a large, white moth caterpillar.

## Plant fibres 
Fibres from plants include flax, ramie, hemp, cotton and jute. Coconut trees bear coconut fruits that have fibres. Coconut fibres are cleaned, smoothed and made into various dolls and toys with beads and colored threads to give them a decorative appearance.
Synthetic fabric

**Synthetic fabrics** are fabrics manufactured in factories using chemical synthesis. They are also known as artificial or man-made fabrics. These include nylon, polyester, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and rayon. Synthetic fibers are made by the joining of monomers into polymers, by the process of polymerization.

## References
Threshing

**Threshing** is the process of  the edible part of cereal grain (or other crop) from the scaly, inedible chaff that surrounds it. It is the step in grain processing after harvesting and before winnowing. Early threshing methods removed some of the bran but modern methods do not.

Threshing may be done by beating the grain using a flail on a threshing floor. Another traditional method of threshing is to make donkeys or oxen walk in circles on the grain on a hard surface.

## References
Temple of All Religions

The **Temple of All Religions** () or the **Universal Temple** () is an architectural structure in Kazan, Russia.

It is made up of many different religious buildings, including an Orthodox church, a mosque and a synagogue. It was started in 1992 by local artist and philanthropist Ildar Khanov. It is still under construction.

The structure is not a single temple devoted to any religion in particular. It has become a popular landmark in the city, which takes pride in the peaceful combination of different cultures (Islamic Tatar culture, Orthodox Russian, and others). The Temple is visited both by tourists and by people seeking Khanov's help.

Khanov says that once completed, the structure will have 16 cupolas - each one corresponding to the 16 major world religions (including past ones that are no longer practiced).

## References
Kongesangen

"''''''" (; meaning "The King's Song") is Norway's royal anthem. It is based on the English  song "God Save the King" from 1741. The Norwegian author Henrik Wergeland wrote a Norwegian  to the English song in 1841 called "Gud signe Kongen vor" It was later  by P. Vogtmann under the name "Gud sign vor Konge god". A  version of this was later written by Gustav Jensen.

## Lyrics
## References 
## Other websites 
* Royal Anthem of Norway (Kongeriket Norge) - "Kongesangen" , YouTube
Murders of Alison Parker and Adam Ward

On August 26, 2015, 24-year-old news reporter Alison Parker and 27-year-old photojournalist Adam Ward, both of Roanoke, Virginia, CBS affiliate WDBJ, were conducting a live television interview near Smith Mountain Lake in Moneta, Virginia, when they were murdered by a gunman. The person they were interviewing, Vicki Gardner of the Smith Mountain Lake Regional Chamber of Commerce,

The attacker was later confirmed to be Vester Lee Flanagan II, also known as Bryce Williams, a former reporter at WDBJ who had been forced to leave the station two years prior. After a manhunt and car chase, Flanagan shot himself and later died at a hospital. 

## References
Piscataway, New Jersey

**Piscataway, New Jersey** is a township in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

## Other websites
*Piscataway Township website
Universal City, California

**Universal City, California** is a unincorporated community within the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California. The city is home to Universal Studios Hollywood.

## Other websites
* Oak Crest -Universal Ranch 1913
* Universal City 1912
* " Facts and Figures about Universal City" "Souvenir  Edition" ©1915  
* Nestor Plant Article 
* Universal City 1914
Atlantic County, New Jersey

**Atlantic County, New Jersey** is a county of New Jersey. The county seat is Mays Landing, New Jersey.

## Other websites
*Atlantic County website 
*History of Atlantic County, New Jersey