open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gothic art

**Gothic art** was a kind of art in the Middle Ages. It started in Northern France in the 1100s. It grew from an older art style called Romanesque. At the same time, a new kind of building called Gothic architecture also began. Gothic art spread to many places in Europe. It became common in Western, Northern, Southern, and Central Europe.

In the late 1300s, a new style called International Gothic appeared. It was used in rich courts and looked elegant. This style lasted until the late 1400s. In some countries like Germany, Gothic art continued into the 1500s. Later, Renaissance art became more popular.

Artists used many kinds of materials in Gothic art. They made sculptures, paintings on wooden panels, stained glass windows, frescoes (paintings on walls), and illustrated books.

Gothic art began with big sculptures on church walls. Many churches had pictures of stories from the Bible, showing both the Old Testament and the New Testament. Artists also showed the lives of saints. Images of Mary, the mother of Jesus, changed. In older art, she looked serious and like a queen. In Gothic art, she looked softer and kinder. She was shown holding baby Jesus with love, like a real mother.

Secular art (not about religion) also became more common. This happened because cities grew, people traded more, and new universities opened. A new middle class, called the bourgeois, had money to pay artists. They bought paintings and books with pictures. More people could read, and new stories were written in local languages. This made artists show more scenes from daily life and stories, not just religion. In cities, artists had to join guilds, which were groups like clubs for workers. These guilds kept records. Because of this, we know the names of more artists from that time. Some artists even wrote their names on their art.

## References
Infiniti

**Infiniti** is a brand of luxury cars made by the Japanese company Nissan. It started on November 8, 1989, in North America.  

The Infiniti logo looks like a road going to the horizon. It also looks like Mount Fuji, which is a symbol of Japan.

## History 
In 1989, Infiniti started in the United States to sell premium cars that were different from the regular Nissan cars. At the same time, other Japanese companies like Toyota and Honda made their own luxury brands, Lexus and Acura. Infiniti started with two cars: the Q45 and the M30. The Q45 was based on the Nissan President, a car sold in Japan. It was a big luxury car with a V8 engine and many special features. It competed with expensive cars like the Mercedes S-Class and BMW 7 Series.

The second car, the M30, was a smaller two-door car. It was based on the Nissan Leopard. The M30 was not as powerful as the Q45, and it did not sell very well.

In 1996, Infiniti made the J30, a smaller luxury car to compete with the Lexus ES. But it did not do well because it was small inside and had strange styling. It was replaced in 1996 by the Infiniti I series, which was related to the Nissan Maxima, and in 2002 by the Infiniti G35. 

By the time, Infiniti had 230 dealers in 15 countries.

In September 1990, Infiniti introduced a new car, the Infiniti G20. It was based on the Nissan Primera, a small car made for Europe.

In 1992, Infiniti launched a new four-door car called the J30. It came with one engine option. This engine was also used in other cars like the Nissan 300ZX and the Nissan Cedric.

## References
Tim O'Brien

'''Tim O'Brien'* (born March 16, 1954) is an American musician. He was raised in Wheeling, West Virginia, the youngest in a family of five children. At the age of 12, he first heard a Bob Dylan record, played by his older sister Mollie, afterwards deciding to take up music.  Throughout his teens, he taught himself to play guitar, violin, and mandolin. He is an American country and bluegrass musician. In addition to singing, he plays the guitar, fiddle, mandolin, banjo, bouzouki and mandocello.

He has released more than ten studio albums, in addition to charting a duet with Kathy Mattea entitled "The Battle Hymn of Love", a No. 9 hit on the *Billboard'' Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1990. In November 2013 he was inducted into the West Virginia Music Hall of Fame.

Tim O'Brien was born on March 16, 1954, and raised in Wheeling, West Virginia, the youngest in a family of five children. At the age of 12, he first heard a Bob Dylan record, played by his older sister Mollie, afterwards deciding to take up music.  Throughout his teens, he taught himself to play guitar, violin, and mandolin.

O'Brien started his own record label, Howdy Skies Records, in 1999.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
*
*
Kenny Smith (bluegrass)

**Kenny Smith** (born September 19, 1967) is an American musician who plays bluegrass music. He plays the guitar and sings.

## Biography 
Kenny Smith was born in Nine Mile, Indiana. He started playing guitar when he was 4 years old. He learned by listening to the music of Norman Blake.

In 1993, he started playing music with Claire Lynch. Later, in 1996, he joined a famous bluegrass band called The Lonesome River Band. While he was in that band, he was named the best bluegrass guitar player of the year twice. He left the band in 2001.

Kenny met his wife, Amanda Smith, at a concert. They started making music together and got married. They have a band called the Kenny and Amanda Smith Band. In 2003, they were named the best new bluegrass artists of the year.

Kenny has also made his own music without the band. He released his first solo album in 1997.

He is also part of another band called Band Of Ruhks with his friends Don Rigsby and Ronnie Bowman.

He lives in Lebanon, Tennessee with his wife Amanda and their daughter.

## References
Climate Solutions Caucus

The **Climate Solutions Caucus** is a bipartisan caucus of U.S. legislators supported by the Citizens' Climate Lobby whose members work to talk about the risks and solutions of climate change. The House of Representatives and Senate each have a caucus. The House caucus was founded in February 2016, during the 114th Congress, by Representatives Carlos Curbelo (R-FL) and Ted Deutch (D-FL). The Senate Caucus was founded in 2019 by Senators Mike Braun (R-IN) and Chris Coons (D-DE).

## References
Nilpotent

In ring theory, a field of mathematics, an element of a ring is called **nilpotent** if it can be raised to an whole number power (called the **degree** of the element) to get the ring's additive identity.

The additive identity itself is always nilpotent. For the rings of integers using modular arithmetic, non-trivial nilpotent elements exist if and only if the modulus n is not square-free.

## Examples 
In modular arithmetic, an element is nilpotent if and only if it is a multiple of the radical of the modulus. For example, the radical of 72 = 2^3\cdot3^2 is 2\cdot 3 = 6, so all multiples of 6 are nilpotent on \mathbb{Z}/72\mathbb{Z}, the ring of integers modulo 72.

## Properties 
A nilpotent element is always a zero divisor, but not all zero divisors are nilpotent.
Alsodes vittatus

The **Malleco spiny-chest frog**  (*Alsodes vittatus*) is a frog.  It lives in Chile.

## Home
Scientists are not sure whether this frog lives in forests, grassy places, or other places.  They found it near small streams. Scientists saw this frog between 1000 and 1610 meters above sea level.

## Danger
Scientists say they do not know if this frog is in danger of dying out.  Human beings change forests to grow pine trees, but scientists are not sure if the frogs live in those forests.

## First paper
*

## References
Shelf (storage)

A **shelf** (plural: **shelves**) is a flat, horizontal surface used to hold items that are stored or displayed in various environments such as homes, businesses, and stores. Shelves are usually raised off the floor and may be fixed to walls or incorporated into free-standing units. They can be supported using brackets, dowels, nails, or other anchoring hardware, and may also rest on columns or pillars.

## Overview 
Shelves may be part of larger furniture items such as cabinets, bookcases, or entertainment centers. Alternatively, they can be independent structures, either wall-mounted or free-standing. Most shelving units contain two to six shelves stacked vertically. When shelves are mounted on a wall using concealed brackets, they are referred to as **floating shelves**.

Shelves specifically designed for storing books are called bookshelves.

## Materials 
* Wood
* Metal (such as steel or aluminum)
* Glass
* Plastic

In DIY (do-it-yourself) projects, unconventional materials such as old doors, pencils, books, or even 3D-printed elements may be used. Adjustable shelving systems allow vertical spacing to be changed to accommodate different object heights.

## Pipe shelving 
**Pipe shelving** is a modern style of shelving that combines wooden boards with steel gas pipes (black or galvanized). These systems may be wall-mounted or floor-supported using flanges. Though copper pipes are sometimes used for aesthetics, they are not ideal for heavy loads.

Pipe shelving is often seen in:

* Retail clothing displays
* Restaurants and cafes
* Industrial-themed homes and offices
* Reclaimed architecture projects such as those involving shipping containers

## Design and installation 
* The width of a shelf should generally not exceed 1.4 times the width of the supporting brackets.
* The vertical height of a bracket should be at least 1.2 times the shelf width.
* For long shelves, bracket spacing should not exceed four times the shelf's breadth.
* For concrete walls, screws should penetrate at least one-tenth the shelf's width.

Some modern systems include wall braces that allow bracket attachment without the need for screws.

## Uses 
* Organizing household items
* Displaying decor
* Storing products in commercial spaces
* Holding books or media
* Creating customized furniture solutions

## See also 
* Bookcase

## Other websites 
* 
*
KonoSuba

, simply known as ***KonoSuba***, is a Japanese franchise that began as a web novel in December of 2012, it was written by Natsume Akatsuki (also known by the alias, Jitakubebihei) and drawn by Kurone Mishima.  

## Premise 
Kazuma Satou, a Japanese 17 year old boy, is sent to a fantasy world that has MMORPG elements after dying from a acute stress reaction, where he begins a team with 3 girls, Aqua (voiced by Sora Amamiya), Darkness (voiced by Ai Kayano) and Megumin (voiced by Rie Takahashi).

## Other media 
The main characters of this series have appeared in Isekai Quartet, which is a Chibi-styled series that also have characters from Re:Zero, Overlord and *The Saga of Tanya the Evil.*

Studio Deen created a TV anime adaptation which aired from January 2016 until June 2024, and a spinoff titled "*KonoSuba: An Explosion on This Wonderful World!*" which is based on one of the main characters, Megumin. It began in 2014, and had an anime adaptation, which started and ended in 2023.

## Notes
### Original titles
## References
## Gallery 

File:Kono Subarashii Sekai ni Shukufuku o! Logo Anime.png|Alternative logo (only used in merchandising)
File:Cosplayers of Kazuma and Aqua, KonoSuba 20160507b.jpg|2 people cosplaying as Aqua and Kazuma, 2 of the main characters in the series.
File:Cosplayer of Kazuma Satō at PF28 20180520b.jpg|Another person cosplaying as Kazuma
Democratization

**Democratization**, or **democratisation**, is the government transition from an authoritarian government to a more democratic political direction.

How democratization happens has also been used to explain other political events, such as whether a country goes to a war or whether its economy grows.

## References
Łowicz County

**Łowicz County** is a powiat in Łódź Voivodeship, in Poland. Łowicz County was created on January 1, 1999. It was made during a reform of the Polish local government in 1998. The main town and capital of the county is Łowicz. It is 48 kilometres (30 miles) north-east of Łódź, the capital of the voivodeship. The county is 987.13 square kilometres (381.1 square miles) in size. In 2020, about 82,338 people lived in the county. 

## References
Ideal (ring theory)

In ring theory, a type of mathematics, an **ideal** is a subset of a ring that generalizes some properties of sets defined by divisibility, like the even numbers.

## Definition 
If (R,+,\cdot) is a ring, then I\subseteq R is an ideal in R if it is **absorptive** under the multiplication operator \cdot. This means that multiplying any element of the ideal by any element of the ring gives an element of the ideal.

On non-commutative rings, ideals can be **left ideals** or **right ideals**. This depends on the order of multiplication, with left ideals being **left absorptive**
x\in R,y\in I\implies x\cdot y\in I
and right ideals being **right absorptive**
x\in R,y\in I\implies y\cdot x\in I
An ideal which is both a left ideal and a right ideal is a **two-sided ideal**. All ideals of commutative rings are two-sided.

## Special cases 
Every ring has two trivial two-sided ideals, the **zero ideal** containing only the additive identity, and the **unit ideal**, another name for the ring itself. Other ideals are called **proper ideals**. A ring with no proper two-sided ideals is called a simple ring.

A maximal ideal is an ideal that is not a subset of any other ideals except the unit ideal. A minimal ideal is an ideal that has no ideals as subsets except the zero ideal.

A prime ideal is an ideal that has the additional property
:ab\in I \implies a\in I \mbox{ or } b\in I
In words, this says that if the product of two elements is in the ideal, then at least one of the elements must be in the ideal.

A principal ideal is an ideal containing exactly all the multiples of a single element a:
:I = \left\{ax : x\in R\right\}
New Future Democratic Party

The **New Future Democratic Party** is a South Korean political party formed by a group that split up from the Democratic Party led by former Prime Minister Lee Nak-yon. Originally **New Future Party**, the party was renamed on 7 September 2024.

## Notes
## References
Rebuilding Korea Party

The **Rebuilding Korea Party** (**RKP**; , ) is a South Korean political party founded by former Minister of Justice Cho Kuk for the 2024 South Korean legislative election. The name of the party can be pronounced as 'Cho-kuk Hyuk-sin Dang' in Korean. 

The word 'Cho-kuk' means 'Motherland (Korea)', could also mean the name of the party founder Cho Kuk. 

Cho Kok resigned as party leader in December 2024 after the Supreme Court decision to support his two-year prison sentence.

## References
Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)

The **Progressive Party** (), formerly known as the **Minjung Party** (, ) until June 2020, is a left-wing progressive and left-wing nationalist political party in South Korea.

Democratic socialists in South Korea, including the Labour Party, criticize the Justice Party and Progressive Party for allegedly being liberal rather than progressive. Some see the Progressive Party as centre-left.

## Notes
## References
IPad Air (6th generation)

**iPad Air 6th generation** (also known as **iPad Air 6** or **iPad Air M2**) is a tablet computer developed by Apple. It was announced on 7 May 2024. It was released on 15 May 2024. It has two screen sizes like 11-inch and 13-inch. It has a Apple M2 chipset, 7600mAh battery capacity, 12MP HDR wide back camera, 8GB RAM and USB-C.

## Software 
The iPad Air 6 used iPadOS 17 for the first time, it can upgrade to other versions like iPadOS 18 or iPadOS 26 when they come out.

## Colors 
It has four colors such as Blue, Purple, Space Gray and White.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Maleic anhydride

**Maleic anhydride** is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is the acid anhydride of maleic acid. Maleic anhydride is used to make some plastics.

## Chemistry 
Maleic acid is a dienophile, a type of chemical used in the Diels-Alder reaction with dienes. The Dies-Alder reaction of maleic anhydride and butadiene or isoprene makes tetrahydrophthalic anhydrides, which can be hydrogenated to hexahydrophthalic anhydrides. These can be used as curing agents in epoxy resin.
Generalization (mathematics)

In mathematics, **generalization** is the idea of taking some of the properties of some physical or mathematical object and examining just those specific properties, without relying on other things about the objects they came from.

Generalization is an important mathematical tool because it allows for statements to be made about large groups of mathematical objects at once.

Many classes of mathematical objects are defined by having specific properties that generalize the behavior of specific objects. Abstract algebra studies many algebraic structures that generalize properties of important sets like the integers, the real numbers, the 2D plane \mathbb{R}^2, and the 3D space \mathbb{R}^3.

## Example: Properties of numbers 
The simplest case of generalization is talking about numbers themselves instead of numbers of objects. The statement "four is divisible by two" is more general than "if you have four apples, you can give an equal amount of apples to two people".

A property of mathematical objects defines a set or proper class of objects with that property. Generalization allows us to make statements about the whole class that apply to everything in it: "even numbers are divisible by two" generalizes the more specific statements "four is divisible by two" and "six is divisible by two".

## Example: Groups 
Addition has many important properties on the integers. Group theory looks at four in particular:
* **Associativity:** The sum of three numbers doesn't depend on the order addition is performed:
::2+5+8 = (2+5)+8 = 2+(5+8) = 7+8 = 2+13 = 15
* **Additive identity:** There is an element, 0, which can be added to any element to get the same element.
* **Closure:** Adding two integers always gives another integer.
* **Additive inverse:** For any integer x, there is another integer -x such that x + -x = 0

A group is any operation over any set that has these same properties. In the notation of group theory, we say that the integers and addition form the group (\mathbb{Z},+). Any theorem about groups in general applies to addition on the integers specifically.
Uranium hexafluoride

**Uranium hexafluoride** is a chemical compound made of uranium and fluorine. It has the chemical formula . Uranium hexafluoride is important in uranium enrichment, which separates isotopes of uranium to make nuclear fuel and nuclear weapons.

Uranium hexafluoride is a white solid at room temperature, but turns into a gas at the relatively low .

## Uses 
Fluorine has only one stable isotope, meaning that any change in molecular mass between molecules of  is because of the uranium atom. This allows isotopes to be physically separated based on their mass.

Gas centrifuges are used to separate different isotopologues of , producing a stream containing "enriched" uranium-235 (and other fissile isotopes) and another containing "depleted" uranium-238.
Acetic anhydride

**Acetic anhydride** is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is the acid anhydride of acetic acid.

## Production 
Acetic anhydride can be produced by adding a molecule of carbon monoxide to methyl acetate (carbonylation). This is analogous to the production of acetic acid from methanol in the Monsanto process, but is more complex in practice because of changes in byproducts and a need for anhydrous (water-free) conditions.

## Sources
Matthew Thompson

**Matthew Thompson** (1750-April 1790) was one of the Mutineers in the Mutiny on the *Bounty*, a ferocious, anti-social bully, he was hated and feared by most everyone on the ship. During the Bounty's five-month stay in Tahiti (1788-89), Commander William Bligh had him flogged (a dozen lashes) for "insolence and disobedience of orders". Thompson was among the first to join Fletcher Christian in the mutiny on April 28, 1789, and was most effective in guarding the Bounty's arms chest from the loyalists. Back on Tahiti he was a one-man terror, randomly raping and killing the natives. In April 1790, mutineer Charles Churchill, who had been made a Tribal Chief, tried to quell Thompson's crime spree by arranging to have his weapons stolen. Thompson confronted Churchill about this and shot him to death. The killing of a Chief had to be avenged, so Churchill's tribe pretended to hail Thompson as their new leader and invited him to a feast to celebrate. After getting him good and drunk, the natives overpowered Thompson and beat him to death with rocks.
## References
Cremasteric artery

The **cremasteric artery** (**Latin**: arteria cremasterica, also known as the **external spermatic artery**) is an artery found in the body of man and woman. It is a branch of the inferior epigastric artery. It has branches of its own. The cremasteric artery goes with the spermatic cord in males or round ligament of the uterus in females.

### Scrotum 
In the scrotum, the cremasteric artery is part of an anastomosis between vessels at the tail-end of the epididymis, and the opposite end (the head), as part of a rich vascular anastomosis happening in the area. At the head of the epididymis between the epididymal and testicular arteries, and the opposite end the testicular, epididymal, cremasteric and vasal arteries, the anastomosis occurs.

## Related pages 
* Cremaster muscle
* Epigastric artery (internal spermatic artery) 
* Vasal artery 
* Spermatic cord

## References
Oswald Pohl

**Oswald Pohl** (1892–1951) was a high-ranking SS official who played a central role in the administration and economic exploitation of the Nazi concentration camp system.

## Other websites 
*Pohl
*Pohl
Edestus

***Edestus*** is an extinct genus of eugeneodontid fish from the Pennsylvanian of the UK, Russia, and the United States. Similar to *Helicoprion*, it had tooth whorls which were embedded in the lower jaw. However, it also had teeth on its upper jaw. The largest species, *E. heinrichi*, is estimated to have reached greater than 6.7 m (22 ft) in length, around the size of the largest known great white shark, possibly making it the largest marine predator to have ever existed up to that point.

## Description 
Its skeleton was made of cartilage. So if it decayed, it would vanish, unless preserved by exceptional circumstances.

The teeth of *Edestus*, much like the more famous *Helicoprion*, are serrated and located on a structure known as a tooth whorl.

## Species and distribution 
### Asymmetric crowns 
* *E. triserratus* Newton, 1904 (syn *Edestus minusculus* Hay, 1909, *Edestodus kolomnensis* (Lebedev, 2001) Late Bashkirian to Moscovian, United States, United Kingdom and Russia 
* *E. minor* Newberry in Newberry and Worthen, 1866 (syn *E. mirus* Hay, 1912*E. pringlei* Watson, 1930) Late Bashkirian to Moscovian, United States and United Kingdom

### Symmetric crowns 
* *E. heinrichi* Newberry and Worthen, 1870 (syn *E. protopirata* Trautschold, 1879, *Protopirata centrodon* Trautschold, 1888, *E. karpinskyi* Missuna, 1908, *E. crenulatus* Hay, 1909, *E. serratus* Hay, 1909) Moscovian of the United States and Russia
* *E. vorax* Leidy, 1856 (syn *E. giganteus* Newberry, 1889) Moscovian of the United States

## Related pages 
* Helicoprion

## References 
## Other websites
Kurt Garger

**Kurt Garger** (born 15 September 1960 in Strem, Burgenland) is a former Austrian football player. He played as defender. After the end of his active career he was football coach.
## Career 
Kurt Garger spent his youth at SV Güssing until 1979. Then he moved to SK Rapid Wien. He stayed there until 1989 and played 254 league games, 36 cup games and 38 international games for the club. In 1994 he returned to Rapid for one season.  After four league titles and five cup successes, he moved to FC Tirol. There  he won two league titles and one cup. His next stop was SV Austria Salzburg, where he won a league title. The highlights of his playing career were the two European cup finals (1985 European Cup Winners' Cup with Rapid and 1994 UEFA Cup Final with SV Austria Salzburg). He ended his active career as a player-coach at SV Gerasdorf.
## International 
Although he won many titles, he only played once for the Austrian national team. On 13 November 1991 he played in a 0-2 loss versus Yugoslavia. 
## Career statistics 
### International 
## Manager 
After his playing career, he coached various Austrian clubs (SV Gerasdorf, Admira/Wacker, Vienna, SC Eisenstadt, SC-ESV Parndorf 1919, TSV Hartberg). In Germany he coached  FSV Frankfurt  and in Slovakia he was manager of DAC Dunajská Streda. From 2012 to 2016, he served as sporting director at Vienna, also taking over the coaching position in the 2013/14 season. After one season at SV Stripfing, he moved to the Chinese second-division club Yunnan Flying Tigers in 2017. His last coaching position was at SC Herzogenburg.
## Honours 
*4x Austrian Champion (1982, 1983, 1987, 1988) with SK Rapid 
*2x Austrian Champion (1989, 1990) with FC Tirol
*1x Austrian Champion (1994) with SV Austria Salzburg
*5x Austrian Cup Winner (1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1995) with SK Rapid Vienna
*1x Austrian Cup Winner (1989) with FC Tirol
*1x European Cup Winners' Cup Final (1985) with SK Rapid Vienna
*1x UEFA Cup Final (1994) with SV Austria Salzburg

## References
Center for American Progress

The **Center for American Progress** (**CAP**) is a public policy research and lobbying organization. They are liberal in their economic and social issues. The headquarters for CAP are in Washington, D.C.

Neera Tanden is their president and chief executive officer. She is a democrat and she used to be a government official. The first president and CEO of the company was John Podesta. He was the White House Chief of Staff to US President Bill Clinton. He was also the chairman of the 2016 presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton. He quit when he joined the Obama White House staff in December 2013.

## Non-profit filings 
* 
* 

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*Center for American Progress Action Fund
*Campus Progress
*Climate Progress
*ThinkProgress
* 
*Neera Tanden on Bloomberg
Greta Bösel

**Greta Bösel** (born Mueller, 9 May 1908 in Elberfeld – 3 May 1947 in Hameln) was a German trained nurse who served as a Nazi camp guard at Ravensbrück concentration camp. She began working there in August 1944 as an Arbeitseinsatzführerin (Work Input Overseer), acting as a senior assistant in the camp’s labor office. Bösel took part in selecting prisoners for the gas chamber or for transfer to Uckermark, and was notorious for saying, "If they prisoners cannot work, let them rot".

When the Red Army neared Ravensbrück, Bösel fled with her husband but was soon captured by British forces. She stood trial at the first Ravensbrück proceedings in Hamburg, was convicted of war crimes-including abuse, murder, and participation in selections-and was executed by hanging on 3 May 1947.

Her responsibilities included Command (military) prisoner work assignments and participating in the selection of prisoners for the gas chambers or transfer to Uckermark. She would patrol the camp yards and assess prisoners' ability to work; those deemed too weak or unfit for labor were chosen for the gas chambers.

Methods of punishment included whipping, confinement in the camp prison (the "Bunker"), and other severe penalties.

She was executed by British executioner Albert Pierrepoint.

## References 
*Greta Bösel biography
*Greta Bösel at findagrave
Uranium-232

**Uranium-232** ('''''') is an isotope of uranium. It has a half-life of about 69 years. It is also made in the thorium cycle. Some scientists wanted to use 233U as the fissile material(something that does nuclear fission when it is hit by a neutron) for nuclear proliferation. However, 233U turns into Uranium-232 during nuclear fission, which turns into 208Tl. This isotope then emits a lot of gamma radiation. The gamma radiation makes 233U difficult to handle.

## References
North Aurora, Illinois

**North Aurora** is a village in Kane County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of Aurora. In the 2020 census, the population was 18,261. 

## References
Catalogue of Life

The **Catalogue of Life** (**CoL**) is an online database. This database has all of the known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001. It combined the Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Information System. The Catalogue is used by scientists, educators, and policy makers. of the world's 2.2m species that taxonomists know about.

## Related pages
*ARKive
*Encyclopedia of Life
*Global Biodiversity Information Facility
*Integrated Taxonomic Information System
*Wikispecies

## References 
## Further reading 
*Blundell N (2005). There's more to life on Earth. Telegraph Online, 8 Dec 2005 (retrieved 2012-05-03).

## Other websites 
* Catalogue of Life: historical checklist downloads
* 2022 Annual Checklist, 2,065,448 species – https://doi.org/10.48580/dfq8
* 2021 Annual Checklist, 2,008,947 species – https://doi.org/10.48580/dfq8
* 2019 Annual Checklist, 1,900,983 species (incl. 63,418 extinct species)
* 2018 Annual Checklist, 1,803,488 species (incl. 59,284 extinct species)
* 2017 Annual Checklist, 1,713,852 species (incl. 49,346 extinct species)
* 2016 Annual Checklist, 1,640,969 species
* 2015 Annual Checklist, 1,606,554 species
* 2014 Annual Checklist, 1,578,063 species
* 2013 Annual Checklist, 1,352,112 species
* 2012 Annual Checklist, 1,404,038 species
* 2011 Annual Checklist, 1,347,224 species
* 2010 Annual Checklist, 1,257,735 species
* 2009 Annual Checklist, 1,160,711 species
* 2008 Annual Checklist, 1,105,589 species
* 2007 Annual Checklist, 1,008,965 species
* 2006 Annual Checklist, 884,552 species
* 2005 Annual Checklist, 526,323 species
* A list of contributing databases
Fort Myers Beach, Florida

**Fort Myers Beach** is a town on the north end of Estero Island in Lee County, Florida, United States. The town is on the Gulf of Mexico. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 5,582 at the 2020 census.

## References
Colorado's 1st congressional district

'''Colorado's 1st congressional district''' is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is mainly in the City and County of Denver in the central part of the state. 

The district has been represented by Democrat Diana DeGette since 1997. 

## References
Zahid Hasan

**Zahid Hasan** (born 4 October 1967) is a Bangladeshi actor and television director. He has worked in many popular TV shows in Bangladesh.

## Personal Life
Zahid Hasan born in Sirajganj, Bangladesh.Zahid Hasan is married to Sadia Islam Mou, a Bangladeshi model and actress. They have two children.

## References
Louisiana's 1st congressional district

'''Louisiana's 1st congressional district''' is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The district is made up of the northern shore of Lake Pontchartrain south to the Mississippi River delta. It covers most of New Orleans' suburbs.

The district is currently represented by Republican House majority leader Steve Scalise.

## References
Jason Smith (politician)

**Jason Thomas Smith** (born June 16, 1980) is an American businessman and Republican politician. He has been the U.S. representative for Missouri's 8th congressional district since 2013. Before, Smith served in the Missouri House of Representatives. 

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Jason Smith
* Jason Smith for Congress
* 
*
Eric Burlison

**Eric Wayne Burlison** (born October 2, 1976) is an American politician. He has been the U.S. representative from Missouri's 7th congressional district since 2023. He was the representative for District 133 in the Missouri House of Representatives. He is a Republican.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Eric Burlison official U.S. House website
*Eric Burlison for Congress
*
*
Wesley Bell

**Wesley Jonell-Cleavon Bell** (born November 5, 1974) is an American attorney and politician. He has been the U.S. representative for  since 2025. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the Prosecuting Attorney of St. Louis County from 2019 until 2025.

## Political career
Before entering congress, Bell was the prosecuting attorney for St. Louis County, Missouri, from 2019 to 2025. He was the county's first black prosecutor. He took office in January 2019. 

In June 2023, Bell announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate in the 2024 election. In October 2023, he instead decided to run for the U.S. House seat of Missouri's 1st congressional district, beating incumbent Cori Bush in the Democratic primary in August 2024. He won the general election in November.

## Personal life
Bell was raised in northern St. Louis County, Missouri. He is the son of a police officer father and civil servant mother. Bell studied at Lindenwood University, and University of Missouri School of Law.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
New Jersey's 1st congressional district

'''New Jersey's 1st congressional district''' is a congressional district in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The district, which includes Camden and South Jersey suburbs, has been represented by Democrat Donald Norcross since November 2014.

## References
Florida's 19th congressional district

'''Florida's 19th congressional district''' is a U.S. congressional district in Southwest Florida. It includes the cities of Cape Coral, Fort Myers, Fort Myers Beach, Sanibel, Bonita Springs, Naples and Marco Island.

It has been represented by Republican Byron Donalds since 2021.

## References
Missouri's 1st congressional district

'''Missouri's 1st congressional district''' is in the eastern part of the state. It includes all of St. Louis City and much of northern St. Louis County, including the cities of Maryland Heights, University City, Ferguson and Florissant. 

Its current representative is Democrat Wesley Bell, who was first elected in 2024. 

## References
Utah's 1st congressional district

'''Utah's 1st congressional district''' is in the northern area of Utah. It includes the cities of Ogden, Logan, Layton, Clearfield, parts of Park City and Salt Lake City, and the northern half of the Great Salt Lake.

The current member of the United States House of Representatives from the district is Republican Blake Moore.

## References
Utah's 3rd congressional district

'''Utah's 3rd congressional district''' is a congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. It is located in southern and eastern Utah and includes the cities of Orem and Provo.

The current Representative is Republican Mike Kennedy, who was elected in 2024.

## References
Montana's 1st congressional district

'''Montana's 1st congressional district''' is a congressional district in the United States House of Representatives that was given to the state after the 2020 United States census. The first candidates ran in the 2022 elections for a seat in the 118th United States Congress.

This seat's current representative is Republican Ryan Zinke.

## References
Bill Huizenga

**William Patrick Huizenga** ( ; born January 31, 1969) is an American politician serving as a U.S. representative from Michigan since 2011, representing the state's 4th congressional district. A member of the Republican Party, Huizenga served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 2003 to 2009. His district, numbered as the 2nd from 2011 to 2023, covers much of Southwestern Michigan, including Kalamazoo, Battle Creek, and Holland.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Bill Huizenga official U.S. House website
* Campaign website
* 
* 
* Bill Huizenga at MichiganVotes.org
** Voting record: 2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008
John Moolenaar

**John Robert Moolenaar** ( ; born May 8, 1961) is an American chemist and politician. He has been a U.S. representative from Michigan since 2015, representing the state's 2nd congressional district since 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was in the Michigan House of Representatives from 2003 to 2008 and the Michigan Senate from 2011 to 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*Congressman John Moolenaar official U.S. House website
*Campaign website
* 
*
Michigan's 4th congressional district

'''Michigan's 4th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district located in the state of Michigan. It includes all of Allegan and Van Buren counties, as well as portions of Ottawa, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, and Berrien counties. The 4th is currently represented by Republican Bill Huizenga.

## References
Allendale, Michigan

**Allendale** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Ottawa County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 27,073 at the 2020 census. 

## References
Michigan's 8th congressional district

'''Michigan's 8th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in Central Michigan. In 2023, the district was redrawn to be centered on the city of Flint and the "Tri-Cities" metropolitan area around Saginaw, Midland, Bay City. The district includes all of Saginaw and Bay counties, almost all of Genesee County, and portions of Midland and Tuscola counties.

The district's current representative is Democratic incumbent Kristen McDonald Rivet.

## References
Michigan's 7th congressional district

'''Michigan's 7th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in Southern Michigan and parts of Central Michigan. It includes Lansing, Michigan's state capital, and includes all of Clinton, Shiawassee, Ingham, and Livingston counties, as well as portions of Eaton, Genesee, and Oakland counties.  

The district is currently represented by Republican Tom Barrett.

## References
Tom Barrett (Michigan politician)

**Thomas More Barrett** (born April 30, 1981) is an American politician who has been a member of the United States House of Representatives from  since 2025. He was a member of the Michigan Senate for the 24th district from 2019 to 2023. 

Barrett was the Republican nominee in the 2022 election for Michigan's 7th congressional district, which he lost to incumbent Democrat Elissa Slotkin. He ran for the same seat again in 2024, this time beating Democratic nominee Curtis Hertel Jr.

## References
## Other websites
*
Michigan's 11th congressional district

'''Michigan's 11th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district north of Detroit. It is made up of most of urban central Oakland County. Democrat Haley Stevens was elected on November 6, 2018, and is the current representative for the eleventh district.

## References
Michigan's 1st congressional district

'''Michigan's 1st congressional district''' is a United States congressional district that is made up of all the 15 counties of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and 20 counties of Northern Michigan in the Lower Peninsula. The district is currently represented by Republican Jack Bergman.

## References
Watersmeet, Michigan

**Watersmeet** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Watersmeet Township, Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 408.

## References
Michigan's 13th congressional district

'''Michigan's 13th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in Wayne County, Michigan. It is currently represented by Democrat Shri Thanedar.

The district includes parts of Detroit and some of its suburbs.

## References
Michigan's 12th congressional district

'''Michigan's 12th congressional district''' is a U.S. congressional district in Michigan.

After Michigan's congressional map was redrawn in 2022, the 12th lost Ann Arbor and most of its suburbs and was re-centered around the cities of Detroit and Dearborn.

During the 113th Congress (2013 to 2015), the district was represented by John Dingell (D). He was a congressman for this and other districts for 59 years, making him the longest-serving member of Congress in U.S. history. He was replaced by his wife, Debbie Dingell, who currently represents the 6th congressional district. 

The current district is represented by Democrat Rashida Tlaib.

## References
Shri Thanedar

**Shri Thanedar** (born February 22, 1955) is an American businessman, author, and politician. He has been the U.S. representative from Michigan's 13th congressional district since 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Thanedar was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 2021 to 2023. He was also a candidate in the Democratic primary for Governor of Michigan in the 2018 election.

## References
## Other websites
* Personal website
* Congressman Shri Thanedar official U.S. House website
* Shri Thanedar for Congress campaign website
*
Donald Norcross

**Donald W. Norcross** (born December 13, 1958) is an American politician and labor leader who is the U.S. representative for  since 2014. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

In 2020, Norcross was mentioned as a possible candidate for secretary of labor under President Joe Biden.

## References
## Other websites
*Congressman Donald Norcross official U.S. House website
*Donald Norcross for Congress official campaign website
*
Christian Fürstaller

**Christian Fürstaller** (born December 30, 1964 in Piesendorf, Austria) is a former Austrian football player. He played as defender mainly for SV Austria Salzburg. He also played for the Austrian national football team.
## Career 
Christian Fürstaller was  discovered by Hannes Winklbauer at FC Zell am See in 1984. He moved to Austria Salzburg. There he was part of Salzburg's championship-winning team in 1994 and 1995. His position was defender. Another success was reaching the UEFA Cup final with SV Austria Salzburg. He ended his football career in 1996.

From the 1980s to 2003 he worked in the Logistics company of Rudolf Quehenberger, the President of Austria Salzburg. Then he started a career in this business.
## International
He debuted for the Austrian national football team on 13 November 1994 versus Portugal. His last match was on 6 September 1995 versus Ireland. He played five matches. 
## International matches 
## Honours 
* 2 × Austrian champion: 1994, 1995 (Austria Salzburg)
* 1 ×  UEFA Cup-final: 1994 (Austria Salzburg)

## References
Milan, Michigan

**Milan** (  or  ) is a city in Monroe and Washtenaw counties in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,079 at the 2020 census.

## References
Michigan's 5th congressional district

'''Michigan's 5th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. It includes all of Branch, Cass, Hillsdale, Jackson, Lenawee, Monroe (except for the city of Milan), and St. Joseph counties, southern Berrien County, most of Calhoun County, and far southern Kalamazoo County. 

The district is represented by Republican Tim Walberg.

## References
Just as Long as You Are There

"**Just as Long as You Are There**" is a 1993 song by French singer-songwriter Vanessa Paradis and is the third single from her third studio album *Vanessa Paradis*. It went to number 57 in the United Kingdom. It was produced by Lenny Kravitz.

## Track listing 
## References
Franklin Township, Lenawee County, Michigan

**Franklin Township** is a civil township of Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,063 at the 2020 census.

## References
Kull: The Legacy of the Raisingghs

***Kull: The Legacy of the Raisingghs*** is a 2025 Indian Hindi-language drama thriller television series directed by Sahir Raza and written by Chiranjeevi Bajpai. Created by Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor under Balaji Digital and produced by 9pm films , it stars Nimrat Kaur, Amol Parashar and Ridhi Dogra. The series premiered on 2 May 2025 on JioHotstar.

## Cast 
* Nimrat Kaur as Indrani Raisinggh
* Amol Parashar as Abhimanyu Raisinggh
* Ridhi Dogra as Kavya Raisinggh
* Rahul Vohra as Chandra Pratap Raisinggh
* Gaurav Arora as Brij
* Suhaas Ahuja as Vikramaditya
* Rohit Tiwari as CM Jograaj
* Arslan Goni as Kabir
* Ankit Siwach as CBI officer Bhagwan Ramteke
* Tarun Chaturvedi as Veer Pratap Singh

## Production 
The series was announced on JioHotstar. The series was set to film in Bikaner, Rajasthan. Filming took place in Laxmi Niwas Palace.

## Release 
The teaser was released on 18 April 2025 and the trailer was released on 25 April 2025.

The series was made available to stream on JioHotstar on 2 May 2025.

## Reception 
Santanu Das writing for *Hindustan Times* gave the series 2 out of 5 stars. Deepa Gahlot of *Rediff* awarded the series  out of 5 stars.

## Other websites 
* 
* *Kull: The Legacy of the Raisingghs*  on JioHotstar

## References
Michigan's 9th congressional district

'''Michigan's 9th congressional district'''  is a United States congressional district located in The Thumb and northern parts of Metro Detroit of the State of Michigan. The district also includes Huron, Tuscola, Sanilac, Lapeer, St. Clair, Macomb and Oakland. 

## References
Bruce Township, Macomb County, Michigan

**Bruce Township** is a civil township of Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 9,324.

## References
Ilson de Jesus Montanari

**Ilson de Jesus Montanari** (born July 18, 1959) is a Brazilian catholic archbishop and theologian.

## Biography
### Early years and education
Born in the Brazilian city of Sertãozinho, São Paulo State, in 1959, he studied Law and Economics at the University of Ribeirão Preto and then moved to Rome, where he earned a degree in Theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University and also completed his ecclesiastical training.

### Priesthood
He was ordained a priest on August 18, 1989, by Archbishop Arnaldo Ribeiro of Ribeirão Preto. After being ordained a priest, he began working in various parishes in the archdiocese and was an educator in several seminaries. In 1993, he was appointed Rector and Coordinator of the Archdiocese's pastoral ministry. 

Years later, he returned to the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, where he earned a degree in Dogmatic Theology in 2004. In 2008, he became a member of the Congregation for Bishops, and on May 13, 2011, he was appointed Chaplain to His Holiness.
### Episcopate
On October 12, 2013, Pope Francis appointed him Secretary of the Congregation for Bishops and at the same time appointed him Bishop of the titular Diocese of Capocilla, with the dignity of archbishop. He received episcopal consecration on November 7 of the same year from Archbishop Moacir Silva, with Cardinal Odilo Scherer and Archbishop Walmor Oliveira de Azevedo as co-consecrators.

On January 28, 2014, Pope Francis appointed him Secretary of the College of Cardinals, and on May 1, 2020, Vice-Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church.

On October 11, 2018, he was confirmed as Secretary of the Congregation for Bishops, donec aliter provideatur.  On April 14, 2020, he was appointed Vice-Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church ad quinquennium.

On May 3, 2022, he was appointed a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments ad quinquennium.
## References
Michigan's 10th congressional district

'''Michigan's 10th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. It is made up of Southern Macomb County, Rochester and Rochester Hills in Oakland County.

From 2021 to 2022, Lisa McClain represented the 10th; after redistricting moved McClain to the neighboring 9th district, John E. James was elected to represent it since 2023.

## References
Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district

'''Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district''' is a congressional district located in the southern and western part of the U.S State of Rhode Island.

The district is currently represented by Democrat Seth Magaziner, who has represented the district since January 2023. 

## References
Seth Magaziner

**Seth Michael Magaziner** ( ; born July 22, 1983) is an American businessman and politician. He has been the U.S. representative for  since 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the 31st general treasurer of Rhode Island from 2015 until 2023. 

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Seth Magaziner official U.S. House website
* Seth Magaziner for Congress campaign website

*