open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Steve Montador

**Steve Montador** (December 21, 1979 &ndash; February 15, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. 

He has also played in the OHL for 5 seasons; 2 for the North Bay Centennials, 2 for the Erie Otters and 1 for the Peterborough Petes. He made his NHL debut with the Calgary Flames during 2001–02 NHL season. He went on to play 4 seasons with the Calgary Flames before he was traded to the Florida Panthers along with Dustin Johner for Kristian Huselius. During the 2007-08 offseason, he signed as a free agent with the Anaheim Ducks. He was traded by the Ducks at the trade deadline to the Boston Bruins in exchange for Petteri Nokelainen. He signed as a free agent with the Buffalo Sabres in the 2008-09 offseason and played 2 seasons with them before signing with the Chicago Blackhawks during the 2010-11 offseason. He played a season with the Blackhawks and his contract was bought out on June 28, 2013.

Montador signed a one-year deal in with KHL Medveščak Zagreb of the KHL.

Montador died on February 15, 2015. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Montador had been suffering from Stage 3 chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## References
## Other websites 
*
Epidemic typhus

**Epidemic typhus** is a disease caused by the bacterium *Rickettsia prowazekii*. It is one of the diseases known as Typhus, the other is endemic typhus. Sometimes it is mistaken for an unrelated disease with a similar name, Typhoid fever. The disease is spread by lice and fleas. Without treatment, as many as 60% of people who get the disease could die.

## Signs of the disease
The signs of epidemic typhus include:
* Chills
* Cough
* Fever
* Pain in the joints
* Pain in muscles
* Eyes sensitive to light
* Low blood pressure
* Rash
* Headache
* Stupor

## References
The Sea Hawk (1924 movie)

***The Sea Hawk*** is a 1924 silent drama movie that was produced and directed by Frank Lloyd. It was released on June 14, 1924 in North America. The movie is based on the book *The Sea Hawk* by Rafael Sabatini.

## Background 
The movie is based on *The Sea Hawk*, a novel by Rafael Sabatini. It premiered on June 2, 1924, in New York City. Its theatrical debut occurred twelve days later. A movie with the same title (but an entirely different story) was made in 1940. It stars Errol Flynn. The studio spliced some key battle scenes from the 1924 movie into the remake.  The life-sized replicas were considered so well recreated, that Warner Bros repeatedly used them in later nautical films. The full-sized ship replicas cost the studio $200,000. The ocean scenes were shot off the coast of California's Catalina Island, with 150 tents set up on the island for housing and support of the movie's 1,000 extras, 21 technicians, 14 actors, and 64 sailors.

## Story 
At the instigation of his half brother Lionel (Lloyd Hughes), Oliver Tressilian (Milton Sills), a rich baronet, is shanghaied and blamed for the death of Peter Godolphin (Wallace MacDonald), brother of Oliver's fiancée, whom Lionel actually has slain. At sea, Oliver is captured by Spaniards and made a galley slave, but when he escapes to the Moors he becomes Sakr-el-Bahr, the scourge of Christendom. Learning of Rosamund's (Enid Bennett) impending marriage to his half brother, he kidnaps both of them, but to avoid the risk of giving her to Asad-ed-Din (Frank Currier), the Basha of Algiers, he surrenders to a British ship. Rosamund intercedes to save his life, and following the death of Lionel they are married.

## Other websites 
*
Paratyphoid fever

**Paratyphoid fever**, also known as **enteric fever**, is a waterborne disease. It is caused by the bacterium *Salmonella paratyphi*. It is related to typhoid fever, but like typhoid, it is unrelated to typhus. Symptoms include:

*Fever,
*Abdominal pain
*Swelling of the liver or spleen
*Slow heart rate.

The disease is rarely fatal and people usually recover in a few days, but some people can carry the bacteria for months.
Andrew W.K.

**Andrew Fetterly Wilkes Krier** (born May 9, 1979 in Stanford, California),  better known by his stage name, **Andrew W.K.**, is an American rock musician. He married his ex-wife, Cherie Pourtabib (who is also known as Cherie Lily). His song "Party Hard" is one of his most famous songs.

## Discography
### Studio albums 
* *I Get Wet* (2001)
* *The Wolf* (2003)
* *Close Calls with Brick Walls* (2006)
* *The Japan Covers* (2008)
* *55 Cadillac* (2009)
* *Gundam Rock* (2009)
* ''You're Not Alone* (2018)
* *God Is Partying'' (2021)

### EPs
## Filmography
## Television
## Video games
## References 
## Other websites
* Andrew W.K.'s Official website
Primula

***Primula*** is a genus of 400–500 species of low-growing herbs in the family Primulaceae. They include primrose, cowslip and oxlip. 

Many species are grown for their ornamental flowers. They are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia, Indonesia and New Guinea, and in temperate southern South America.

Perennial primulas bloom mostly during the spring; their flowers can be purple, yellow, red, pink, or white. Generally, they prefer filtered sunlight. Many species are adapted to alpine climates.

The word *primula* is the Latin feminine diminutive of *primus*, meaning first (prime), applied to flowers that are among the first to open in spring. 

Primroses are used as food plants by the larvae (caterpillars) of some Lepidoptera species.

Some flowering forms of (cultivated) *Primula* are commonly known as polyanthus (*P. elatior* hybrids) as opposite to primrose (*P. vulgaris* hybrids).

## Heterostyly 
The common primrose, *Primula vulgaris*, shows heterostyly. This is a type of morphism with flower forms which differ in the lengths of the pistil and stamens.

The morph phenotype is genetically closely linked to genes responsible for a system of self-incompatibility. That means the pollen from a flower on one morph cannot fertilize another flower of the same morph. 

In one morph (termed '**pin**') the stamens are short and the pistils are long; in the second morph (termed '**thrum**') the stamens are long and the pistils are short. The length of the pistil in one morph equals the length of the stamens in the second morph, and vice versa. The system prevents self-fertilisation.

All sections of the genus *Primula* have heterostyle species, altogether 354 species out of 419. Since heterostyly is characteristic of nearly all races or species, the system is at least as old as the genus.

## References
Beth Hart

**Beth Hart** (born January 24, 1974 in Los Angeles, California) is an American singer. Her music influences  are rock and blues. 

Beth Hart started with playing in LA clubs where she met with bassist Tal Herzberg and guitarist Jimmy Khoury. In 1993 she created her first album. Beth Hart is married and currently lives in Los Angeles. Her band includes lead guitarist Jon Nichols, bassist Tom Lilly, and drummer Todd Wolf.

## Discography
### Albums
* *Beth Hart and the Ocean of Souls* (1993)
* *Immortal* (1996)
* ''Screamin' for My Supper* (1999)
* *Leave the Light On* (2003)
* *37 Days* (2007)
* *My California* (2010)
* *Don't Explain* with Joe Bonamassa (2011)
* *Bang Bang Boom Boom* (2012)
* *Seesaw* with Joe Bonamassa (2013)
* *Better Than Home* (2015)
* *Fire on the Floor* (2016)
* *Black Coffee* with Joe Bonamassa (2018)
* *War in My Mind* (2019)
* *A Tribute to Led Zeppelin* (2022)
* *You Still Got Me'' (2024)

### Singles
*"Run" (1996)
*"Immortal" (1996)
*"Summer Is Gone" (1996)
*"God Bless You" (1996)
*"Am I The One" (1996)
*"LA Song (Out of This Town)" (1999)
*"Delicious Surprise" (2000)
*"Leave The Light On" (2003)
*"World Without You" (2004)
*"Learning To Live" (2004) (Denmark single)
*"Hiding Under Water" (2005) (European Single)
*"Good As It Gets" (2007) (European Single)
*"Over You" (2007)
*"Like You (And Everyone Else)" 2010 (Scandinavia)
*"Learning To Live" 2010 (USA)
*"Life Is Calling" 2010 (Europe)
*"Love Is The Hardest" 2010 (Scandinavia)

## References
Sunnyland Slim

**Albert "Sunnyland Slim" Luandrew** (September 5, 1907 – March 17, 1995) was an American blues pianist from the Mississippi delta. He later went to Chicago where he became one of the most important piano players in Chicago's blues scene. Sunnyland Slim was one of the most important persons in Chicago blues history, but he really never became a star because he did most of his work as sideman.

## Life
He was born on a farm near Vance, Mississippi. He taught himself to play piano and organ and began playing in a local church when he was 14. Soon played in juke joints in the whole delta area. In 1925 he went to Memphis, Tennessee where he played with local musicians like Little Brother Montgomery and Ma Rainey. In 1942 he went to Chicago.

As the electric blues began Sunnyland Slim played with blues musicians like  Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Robert Lockwood, Jr., and Little Walter. Muddy Waters partially owed his recording career at Chess Records to Sunnyland Slim who introduced him to the Chess brothers at his own birthday party. His first recording was  as a singer with Jump Jackson's band on the Specialty label in September 1946 and his first recording as band leader was in 1947. Between 1948 and 1956 he recorded for Hytone, Opera, Chance, Tempo-Tone, Mercury, Apollo, JOB, Regal, Vee-Jay (unissued), Blue Lake, Club 51, Cobra. In 1988 he was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship. He went on touring and recording till his death in 1995.

## Discography
* 1969  *Midnight Jump * Beat Goes On
* 1969  ''Slim's Got His Thing Goin' on * Sequel
* 1969  *Slim's Shout * Prestige/Original Blues Classics
* 1971  *Depression Blues*  Festival Records
* 1973  *Plays Ragtime Blues * BluesWay
* 1975  *Sunnyland Slim & Little Brother Montgomery * 77 Records
* 1977  *She Got That Jive * Airway Records
* 1979  *Patience Like Job*  Airway Records
* 1986  *Chicago Jump * Evidence
* 1989  *Be Careful How You Vote * Earwig
* 1991  *Live in Europe * Airway Records
* 1994  *Decoration Day * Evidence
* 1994  *Chicago Blues Sessions * Southland (Select-O-Hits)
* 1995  *Live at the D.C. Blues Society * Mapleshade Records
* 1995  *Sunnyland Train*  Evidence
* 1998  *She Got a Thing Goin' On*  Blind Pig
* 1999  *Smile on My Face*  Delmark
* 2006  *Blues Legends Live '' Mapleshade Records

## References
Coburg, Victoria

**Coburg** is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is about 8km north of the Melbourne central business district. In 2006 there were 22,772 people living in the suburb. It is a part of the City of Moreland local government area.

Before European settlement the Coburg area was home to the Indigenous Australian Wurundjeri people. The area was first surveyed in 1837-8 by Robert Hoddle. The area was first called Pentridge, after the town of Pentridge, Dorset, England.

## References
Proxy murder

A **proxy murder** is when a person murders on behalf of someone else. *Proxy* comes from the Latin word *procuratio,* which means *to take care of*.

An example of this would be an assassin killing for money.  Another example would be a person who convinces someone who loves them to kill another person for them. Another example was in prisons where criminals in prison would act as the executioner for people sentenced to death. Lady Betty (1750—1807) was a famous hangwoman and prisoner in the Roscommon Gaol. The Nazis used proxy killings in World War II when they got prisoners to shoot Jewish prisoners instead of doing it themselves. The prisoners were told if they did not do it they would be shot as well.

A documentary movie called *Murder by Proxy*, which looks at mass killings in the US, was made in 2009.

## References
Biggles

***Biggles*** is a series of young adult adventure books. It was written by W. E. Johns. The series is named after the nickname of the main character, James Bigglesworth, who is a pilot and adventurer. There are around 100 Biggles books in total. The first Biggles book, *The Camels are Coming*, was published in 1932 and is a collection of short Biggles stories.
Greenstone belt

**Greenstone belts** are large regions of very ancient metamorphosed volcanic rocks. The name comes from the green colour of the minerals in the rocks. Chlorite, actinolite and other green amphiboles are the typical green minerals.

Greenstone belts were originally formed of igneous rocks, such as basalt. The belts formed at ancient oceanic spreading centers and in volcanic island arcs. They may be several thousand kilometres long. Later, they were metamophosed, with minor sedimentary rocks in-between the volcanic formations. 

Those greenstone belts which formed in ancient oceans are now found on land in Archaean and Proterozoic cratons between granite and gneiss bodies. 
The rocks are mafic, meaning they are high in magnesium and silica.
Proxy

**Proxy** has different meanings when talking about different subjects:

Basically, "proxy" means "stands for".
*In computing, a proxy server  is a server which clients use to access other computers.
*A proxy marriage is when two people are getting married separately, but are getting married to one another.
*A proxy murder is when a person murders on behalf of someone else.
*A proxy vote is when a person votes on behalf of someone else, usually occurring in public and private companies requiring votes for decisions.
*A web proxy is a server that fetches web pages for a user. Web proxies often hide your browser history and can bypass local internet restrictions.
Craton

]]
, which later became Africa and South America]]

A **craton** is the oldest part of a continental plate. It is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere. 

After surviving cycles of merging and rifting of continents, cratons are usually found in the interiors of tectonic plates. They are composed of ancient crystalline basement rock, which may be covered by younger sedimentary rock. They have a thick crust and deep roots that extend as much as several hundred kilometers into the Earth's mantle.

*Cratonic lithosphere is much older than oceanic lithosphere* – up to 4 billion years versus 180 million years.

The term *craton* is used to distinguish the stable portion of the continental crust from regions that are more geologically active and unstable. Cratons can be described as **shields**, in which the basement rock crops out at the surface, and **platforms**, in which the basement is overlain by sediments and sedimentary rock.

Cratons are subdivided geographically into geologic **provinces**. A geologic province is an area with common geologic properties.

## References
Most common words in English

This list of the **most common words in English** has been produced by Oxford University Press. By "words" is meant dictionary head words or lemmas.

It is based on an analysis of a body of over a billion words. It represents a study done by Oxford Online, associated with the Oxford English Dictionary. 

This source includes writings of all sorts from "literary novels and specialist journals to everyday newspapers and magazines and from Hansard to the language of chatrooms, emails, and weblogs",

*The Reading Teachers Book of Lists* claims that the first 25 words make up about one-third of all printed material in English, and that the first 100 make up about one-half of all written material.

Note that the items listed may represent more than one actual word; they are lemmas. For instance the entry "be" contains within it the occurrences of "are", "is", "were" and "was". Note also that these top 100 lemmas listed below account for 50% of all the words in the Oxford English Corpus.

## Top 100 words 

Source: 

## Parts of speech 
In parentheses are their position in the overall list. Some words are not listed here because they can be used as more than one part of speech. The lists show clearly that 'function' words, like prepositions and connectives, are more common than 'content' words, like nouns, and most verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Verbs like "to be" have both content and linguistic functions. 

Source: 

## References
Banded iron formation

, Western Australia]]

**Banded iron formations** (or **BIF**s) are a distinctive type of rock often found in Precambrian sedimentary rocks.

They consist of repeated thin layers of iron oxides, either magnetite (Fe3O4) or hematite (Fe2O3), alternating with bands of iron-poor shale and chert.

Some of the oldest known rock formations, formed over 3,700 million years ago (mya), include banded iron layers. The banded layers are a common feature in sediments for much of the Earth's early history.

## Relation to atmospheric oxygenation 
 is 5.0 mm.]]
The formations are abundant around the time of the Great Oxygenation Event, 2,400 mya. They become less common after 1,800 mya.

The total amount of oxygen locked up in the banded iron beds is estimated to be perhaps twenty times the volume of oxygen present in the modern atmosphere of Earth. Banded iron beds are an important commercial source of iron ore, such as the Pilbara region of Western Australia, the Animikie Group in Minnesota and Carajás Mineral Province in Brazil.

## Origins
The conventional concept is that the *banded iron* layers were formed in sea water as the result of oxygen released by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. This combined with dissolved iron in Earth's oceans to form insoluble iron oxides. These precipitated out, forming a thin layer on the substrate, which may have been anoxic mud (forming shale and chert). Each band is similar to a varve: the banding is assumed to result from cyclic variations in available oxygen.

It is assumed that the Earth started out with vast amounts of iron dissolved in the world's acidic seas. Iron is much more soluble than its oxides.

Eventually, as photosynthetic organisms generated oxygen, the available iron in the Earth's oceans was precipitated out as iron oxides.

At the tipping point where the oceans became permanently oxygenated, small variations in oxygen production produced pulses of free oxygen in the surface waters, alternating with pulses of iron oxide deposition.

## References
Petrology

fine-grained sedimentary rock, i.e. mudstone or siltstone]]

**Petrology** is a type of geology. It is concerned with rocks, how they form, and how they are used. It is between mineralogy, which is concerned with the minerals, in rocks, and geology, which tries to put rocks into a larger context.
Domitian II

]]

**Domitianus** was probably a Roman soldier who was acclaimed emperor during the reign of Aurelian.

He was in northern Gaul in late 270 or early 271 AD. He struck gold coins to advertise his claim to the throne. This claimant did not survive the year. He is mentioned by the Byzantine historian Zosimus and also in the *Historia Augusta*, a collection of biographies.
Marcus Claudius Tacitus

**Marcus Claudius Tacitus** (–July 276) was Roman emperor from 275 to 276 AD.

## Early life 
Tacitus () was probably born around 200. He may have come from Interamna (Terni, Italy).

Tacitus was a politician from the Roman nobility. He was a member of the Roman Senate. He may have been the leader of the senate (). Some time before 273, long before he was emperor, Tacitus was Roman consul.

## Emperor 
The Greek historian Zonaras wrote that the Roman army chose Tacitus as their emperor. This happened in about November or December 275, while Tacitus was in Campania. Tacitus was not deified (made into a god) but neither did he get *damnatio memoriae*. This information may not be correct.

The *Historia Augusta* says that Tacitus had a wife and a number of sons. Their names are unknown and this information may not be correct.

The *Historia Augusta* says that the emperor Marcus Claudius Tacitus was from the same family as the Latin historian Cornelius Tacitus. (The historian Tacitus lived in the 1st century AD.) The *Historia Augusta* is not correct. In truth, the two men were not from the same family. The *Historia Augusta* also says that the emperor Tacitus's full name in . This is also not correct. In truth, the emperor's name was .

## References
Discovery Family

**"Discovery Family Channel** (formerly **Discovery Kids**, **The Hub**, **Hub Network** & **Discovery Family**) is a cable satellite television network in the United States. Discovery Family replaced the Hub Network, the Hub, and Discovery Kids and has a joint venture of both Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD) and Hasbro Entertainment. The headquarters for the television channel is in Silver Spring, Maryland, United States. on October 16, 2010, the Discovery Kids channel was renamed after a final marathon of Kenny the Shark. The channel is 40% owned by Hasbro and 60% owned by Warner Bros. Discovery.

Discovery Family tried to advertise towards children and their families by offering a range of content to choose from. These include history, science, food and family living. Movies air as well. The channel maintained some of the Hub's content until it slowly went away. Also, My Little Pony, Littlest Pet Shop, Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps, Pound Puppies, Handy Manny, Jungle Junction, and Dinotrux, however, has stayed on the channel.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Discovery Family's Official Website
Plutino

A **plutino** is an object in outer space that has an orbit like Pluto's orbit. Plutinos are about 39 or 40 AU from the Sun.

## Literature 
*Weintraub, David. Is Pluto a Planet? Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press; 2007.
Verbena

***Verbena*** is a genus of plants in the family Verbenaceae. The type species is vervain, which grows in Europe. Some verbenas are considered weeds. It should not be confused with the related *Lantana*, commonly called shrub Verbena
Are We There Yet?

***Are We There Yet?*** is a 2005 family comedy road trip movie that was produced by Matt Alvarez, Ice Cube and Dan Kolsrud and was directed by Brian Levant. *Are We There Yet?* was released on January 21, 2005 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 12% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. A sequel for the movie was released in  2007 called *Are We Done Yet?*.

## Cast
* Ice Cube as Nicholas "Nick" Persons
* Nia Long as Suzanne Kingston
* M. C. Gainey as Al Buck (known as "Big Al")
* Aleisha Allen as Lindsey Kingston
* Philip Daniel Bolden as Kevin Kingston
* Jay Mohr as Marty
* Tracy Morgan as Satch the Bobblehead (voice)
* C. Ernst Harth as Ernst
* Nichelle Nichols as Miss Mable
* Henry Simmons as Frank Kingston

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
*
Mighty Joe Young (1998 movie)

***Mighty Joe Young*** is an 1998 adventure movie that was produced by Ted Hartley and Tom Jacobson and was directed by Ron Underwood. It is a remake of the 1949 movie, *Mighty Joe Young*. It stars Bill Paxton, Charlize Theron, and creature suit actor John Alexander as the title character. In this version, the ape is much larger than in the original. *Mighty Joe Young* was released on December 25, 1998 in North America. The movie received mixed reviews with a 54% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie turned out to be a box office bomb grossing $50,632,037 with a budget of $90,000,000.

## Plot 
A giant mountain gorilla named Joe is brought from his jungle habitat in Uganda to a wildlife preserve in Los Angeles by a young woman (Charlize Theron) who raised him, and a zoologist (Bill Paxton), in order to protect him from the threat of poachers. An evil poacher (Rade Šerbedžija) wants take his revenge on Joe, for not being able to kill him while Joe was small and for losing his two fingers during the hunt.

## Cast 
*Bill Paxton as Professor Gregory "Gregg" O'Hara
*Charlize Theron as Jill Young
*John Alexander as Mighty Joe Young
*Rade Šerbedžija as Andrei Strasser
*Regina King as Cecily Banks
*Peter Firth as Garth-Strasser's right-hand man.
*Naveen Andrews as Pindi-Gregg O'Hara's guide in Africa.
*David Paymer as Harry Ruben
*Robert Wisdom as Kweli
*Christian Clemenson as Jack
*Geoffrey Blake as Vern
*Lawrence Pressman as Dr. Elliot Baker
*Linda Purl as Dr. Ruth Young
*Mika Boorem as Young Jill Young
*Cory Buck as Jason
*Liz Georges as Jason's Mother
*Ray Harryhausen as Gentleman at Party
*Terry Moore as Elegant Woman at Party

## Other websites 
*
Vibrio cholerae

***Vibrio cholerae*** is a bacterium causing the disease cholera. It is part of the genus *Vibrio*, in the family Vibrionaceae. Like all Proteobacteria, it is gram negative. *V. cholerae*
can respire aerobically if oxygen is present and can switch to anaerobic respiration if oxygen is not present (fermentation).
Sliver (movie)

***Sliver*** is a 1993 American erotic thriller movie. It stars Sharon Stone and William Baldwin. The movie is focused on  things that happen in a privately owned Manhattan highrise apartment complex. *Sliver* got bad movie reviews, although it did well at the box office.

## Other websites 
*
Thiotrichales

**Thiotrichales** is a large order of Bacteria. That includes *Francisella tularensis* in the cause of Tularemia and *Thiomargarita nambiensis*, the largest known bacterium.
Green sulfur bacteria

The **green sulfur bacteria** are a phylum of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria. They metabolize (~eat) sulfur.

They are put in their own phylum. They are most closely related to the Bacteroidetes.

Most green sulfur bacteria are mesophilic. They prefer moderate temperatures, and all of them live in water. They are typical of the bacteria which evolved on the early Earth: they live in anaerobic conditions. They are usually found in the top millimeters of sediment, where there is reduced sulfur. They are capable of photosynthesis in low light conditions.

The Black Sea, an extremely anoxic environment, has a large population of green sulfur bacteria at about 100m depth. The light is poor in this region of the sea: here bacteria get most of their energy from chemical reactions. They need very little energy for cellular maintenance.

## References
Are We Done Yet?

***Are We Done Yet?*** is a 2007 family comedy movie that was produced by Ice Cube, Matt Alvarez, Ted Hartley and Todd Garner and was directed by Steve Carr. *Are We Done Yet?* was released on April 4, 2007 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 7% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It was the sequel to the 2005 movie *Are We There Yet?* and is a remake of the movie *Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House*.

## Cast 
*Ice Cube as Nick Persons
*Nia Long as Suzanne Persons (née Kingston)
*John C. McGinley as Chuck Mitchell Jr.
*Aleisha Allen as Lindsey Persons
*Philip Daniel Bolden as Kevin Persons
*Tahj Mowry as Danny Pulu
*Dan Joffre as Billy Pulu
*Pedro Miguel Arce as Georgie Pulu
*Linda Kash as Mrs. Rooney
*Hayes MacArthur as Jimmy the Bartender
*Earvin "Magic" Johnson as Himself
*Colin Strange as Colin Persons
*Gavin Strange as Ty Persons
*Jonathan Katz as Mr. Rooney

## Other websites 
*Are We Done Yet?'s Official website 
* 
*
William Baldwin

**William Baldwin** (born February 21, 1963) is an American actor, writer and producer. His movies include *Internal Affairs* (1990), *Flatliners* (1990) and *Backdraft* (1991). He has also acted in many television programs and movies.

## References
Nonna Grishayeva

**Nonna Valentinovna Grishayeva** (born on July 21, 1971) is a Russian actress, comedienne, singer and television presenter. She is Honored Artist of Russia (2006).

She was twice married and has two children.
Klebsiella pneumoniae

***Klebsiella pneumoniae*** is a bacterium in the genus Klebsiella. It is a major cause of pneumonia, found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines. Like other Proteobacteria, it is gram negative.

Carl Friedländer originally identified *Klebsiella pneumoniae* in 1882 as a bacteria found in the lungs of pneumonia sufferers (Friedlaender, 1882).

It is common in nature and may be found in both soil and water. It lives in dead or decaying matter. There are many different variants within the whole species (strains) and the 20% of those can capture nitrogen from the atmosphere and fix nitrogen when growing in the absence of oxygen. *K. pneumoniae* also happen in places that aren't feces-contaminated, including industrial wastes that are rich in nutrients (Bagley and Seidler, 1977).

Klebsiella bacteria can transmit between people in hospital environments (for instance, from patient to patient via contaminated hands of healthcare workers or other people) or, less frequently, by environmental pollution. There is no transmission of the bacterium through the air.

The bacteria *Klebsiella pneumoniae* typically lives in the intestines of humans (30-40% of the intestinal tract), where it is not harmful. *K. pneumoniae*, however, has the potential to spread to other parts of the body and cause a number of diseases, including bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections (UTI), pneumonia and meningitis. This is called systemic infection. 

If inhaled, it can harm both human and animal lungs, resulting in thick mucous (sputum) being produced in lung, especially in the upper lobes. The mucus is deep red, brownish, or yellow in colour.

## References
Mesoproterozoic

The **Mesoproterozoic** is a geologic era which lasted from 1,600 million years ago (mya) to 1,000 mya.

The major events of this era are: 
*the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent ~1,500 mya;
*the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent ~1,100 mya;
*the evolution of sexual reproduction.

Evidence of a eukaryotic red algae, *Bangiomorpha pubescens*, has been identified from  ~1200 mya old rocks in the Hunting Formation (Somerset Island, Canada). This is the oldest known sexually reproducing organism and therefore the earliest known complex multicellular organism.

## References
Amy Adams

**Amy Lou Adams** (born on August 20, 1974

## Early life 
Amy Lou Adams was born on August 20, 1974 in Vicenza, Italy, the daughter of military parents Richard and Kathryn (née Hicken) Adams. She has four brothers and two sisters.

## Career 
She started her career as a dancer in 1995. In 1999, she began acting. Her first movie role was Leslie Miller in *Drop Dead Gorgeous*.

In 2005 she played Ashley Johnsten in *Junebug*. She was nominated as "Best Actress in a Supporting Role" for an Oscar.

In 2008, she played Sister James in *Doubt* and was nominated as "Best Actress in a Supporting Role" for a Golden Globe and an Oscar. In 2010 she played Charlene Fleming in *The Fighter*.

She again was nominated as "Best Actress in a Supporting Role" for Golden Globe and Oscar. She also played Lois Lane in the 2013 movie *Man of Steel* and the 2016 movie *Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice*. She also played the part of Lois Lane in *Justice League*.

## Personal life 
In 2002, Adams started a relationship with Darren Le Gallo and married in 2015. She gave birth to their daughter, Aviana Olea Le Gallo, was born on May 15, 2010.

She currently lives with her family in Los Angeles, California.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Chlamydiae

**Chlamydiae** is a bacterial phylum and class whose members are obligate intracellular pathogens. 
All known Chlamydiae only grow by infecting eukaryotic host cells. They are as small or smaller than many viruses. Most intracellular Chlamydiae are located in an inclusion body or vacuole.
Nocardiosis

**Nocardiosis** is a disease caused by the bacterium *Nocardia Asteroides*. It causes a dangerous form of pneumonia. It affects the lungs, brain and skin. It affects mainly people with a weakened immune system, such as people with HIV/AIDS, chronic lung disease, cancer or people who have had a transplant.

## References
Greater Noida

**Greater Noida (GN)** (, , pronunciation: Baṛa Nōēḍā) is in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the north Indian state of  Uttar Pradesh (UP). It is under the control of the National Capital Region (NCR) of India. It is about  south-east of New Delhi and about  south-east of Noida, one of the largest industrial townships in Asia.

The development of Greater Noida is managed by the **Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority** (GNIDA). Greater Noida is a fast growing region.

## History 
In the early 1980s, Delhi was growing at a rapid rate. The Government of India planned to develop two new areas around the capital. These residential and industrial areas would reduce the burden on the capital. The two areas were Gurgaon and Noida. Noida's infrastructure and utilities was carefully designed. With the large growth of the Indian economy in the 1990s, Noida became overcrowded.

The government of Uttar Pradesh decided to incorporate the city of Greater Noida. This would be an extension to Noida. The planning of Greater Noida would be improved from what was learned in Noida. Greater Noida is a planned township. Roads are wide with service lanes for every major road. All cabling and utilities are run underground.

The Buddh International Circuit is currently under construction. It is scheduled to open in 2011. It will host the Indian Grand Prix, a new race to the Formula One schedule. This will be the first F1 race in India.

## Landmarks 
* Buddh International Circuit, location of the Formula One Indian Grand Prix

## Hospitals 
* Kailash Hospital
* ITS Dental Hospital
* Sharda Hospital
* Shashi Dental Care,B-104 Alpha 1
* Yatarth Hospital Near Sector P-3
* Sehdev Hospital Nead Sector P-3
* Navin Hospital
* Bakson homoeopathic medical college and hospital

## Universities 
* Noida International University
* Sharda University
* Gautam Buddha University

## Engineering Colleges 
* Skyline Institute of Engineering & Technology (SIET)
* Greater Noida Institute of Technology(GNIT)
* Priyadarshini College of Computer Sciences
* College of Engineering and Technology-IILM-AHL (CET-IILM-AHL)
* ITS college of engineering
* Galgotias Collage of Engineering & Technology
* IEC College of Engineering
* Alpine College of Engineering
* G.L.Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management (GLBITM)
* Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology
* United College of Engineering & Research
* DIT School of Engineering

## Related pages 
* Noida
* Delhi

## References
Brucellosis

**Brucellosis** is a disease that is caused by bacteria in the *Brucella* genus. It is also called '''Bang's disease**, **Crimean fever**, **Gibraltar fever**, **Malta fever**, **Maltese fever**, **Mediterranean fever**, **rock fever**, and **undulant fever'''. It is a very contagious disease (can be spread very easily from one person to another.) 

Brucellosis is a zoonosis, a disease that is spread from animals to humans. Humans get the disease by drinking milk that is unsterilized, or by eating meat from sick animals. Sometimes, but not very often, the disease can be spread from human to human.

The disease was first called "Malta fever." British doctors in the military first discovered it in Malta during the Crimean War (1850s). Dr. David Bruce was the first person to discover the bacteria that caused brucellosis.

## References
Relapsing fever

**Relapsing fever** is an infection caused by some bacteria in the genus *Borrelia*. It is sometimes called **typhinia**. It is carried and spread by lice and ticks.

The word "relapse" means to come back. The disease is called "relapsing fever" because the symptoms can go away and come back several times until the person is cured.  

## References
Murine typhus

**Murine Typhus** is a disease spread by fleas. It is also called **endemic typhus**. It is a type of typhus. Sometimes this disease is mistaken for a viral infection because the symptoms are similar. Murine Typhus is treated with antibiotics.

Symptoms are:
* fever
* headache
* muscle pain
* nausea
* vomiting
* coughing
Most people recover fully but death can occur in the elderly.

## Related pages
* Epidemic typhus

## References
National Gallery of Victoria

The **National Gallery of Victoria** is an art gallery and museum in Melbourne, Australia. Started in 1861, it is the oldest and the largest public art gallery in Australia. The main gallery is located in St Kilda Road, at Southbank, with a branch gallery at Federation Square. The St Kilda Road Gallery, designed
by Sir Roy Grounds, opened in 1968. Since December 2003, NGV has operated across two sites – NGV International on St Kilda Road, redesigned by Mario Bellini, and The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia at Federation Square, designed by LAB Architecture Studio.

When the gallery opened, Victoria had been an independent colony for ten years. After the Victorian gold rush, it was easily the richest part of Australia, and Melbourne the largest city. Generous gifts from rich citizens, including the industrialist Alfred Felton, made it possible for the National Gallery to start buying large collections of overseas works from both old and modern masters. It has over 65,000 works of art.

The National Gallery of Victoria Art School began in 1867. It was the leading centre for art training in Australia until about 1910. The School’s graduates, such as Sidney Nolan, went on to become some of Australia’s most significant artists.

## References
Slap Shot (movie)

***Slap Shot*** is an 1977 comedy-sports movie that was produced by Stephen J. Friedman and Robert J. Wunsch and was directed by George Roy Hill. Slap Shot was released on February 25, 1977 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 83% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie is about a minor league ice hockey team that trys to gain popularity for a small town by playing violently. Replica Chiefs jerseys and the Hanson Brothers have become very popular due to the movies success.

## Cast 
* Paul Newman as Reggie Dunlop
* Strother Martin as Joe McGrath
* Michael Ontkean as Ned Braden
* Jennifer Warren as Francine
* Lindsay Crouse as Lily
* Jerry Houser as Dave "Killer" Carlson
* Andrew Duncan as Jim Carr
* Jeff Carlson as Jeff Hanson
* Steve Carlson as Steve Hanson
* David Hanson as Jack Hanson
* Yvon Barrette as Denis Lemieux
* Allan F. Nicholls as Johnny Upton
* Brad Sullivan as Morris Wanchuk
* Stephen Mendillo as Jim Ahern
* Yvan Ponton as Jean-Guy Drouin
* Matthew Cowles as Charlie
* Kathryn Walker as Anita McCambridge
* Melinda Dillon as Suzanne Hanrahan
* M. Emmet Walsh as Dickie Dunn
* Swoosie Kurtz as Shirley Upton
* Paul D'Amato as Tim "Dr. Hook" McCracken
* Ronald L. Docken as Lebrun
* Guido Tenesi as Billy Charlebois
* Jean Rosario Tetreault as Bergeron
* Christopher Murney as Tommy Hanrahan
* Myron Odegaard as Final Game Referee
* Blake Ball as Gilmore Tuttle
* Ned Dowd as Ogie Ogilthorpe
* Gracie Head as Pam
* Nancy Dowd as Andrea
* Barbara L. Shorts as Bluebird
* Larry Block as Peterboro Referee
* Paul Dooley as Hyannisport Announcer
* Bruce Boudreau as Hyannisport player
* Mark Bousquet as Andre "Poodle" Lussier
* Connie Madigan as Ross "Mad Dog" Madison
* Joe Nolan as Clarence "Screaming Buffalo" Swamptown
* Cliff Thompson as Walt Comisky
* Dan Belisle, Jr. as Stickboy
* Ross Smith as Barclay Donaldson

## Sequels
*Slap Shot 2: Breaking the Ice, 2002
*Slap Shot 3: The Junior League, 2008

## References
## Other websites 
*
Lalitpur

**Lalitpur** is one of the biggest metropolitan cities of Nepal. It is famous for its religious, cultural, and historical temples.

## Other websites
*Official Site of Lalitpur Sub-Metropolital City Office, Nepal
Aurelian

**Aurelian** (214–275 AD) was Roman emperor from 270 to 275.

Aurelian () came from the Balkans, part of the Roman Empire. He was a soldier in the Roman army when the emperor Claudius Gothicus promoted him to high rank. When Claudius died, his army chose Aurelian as the next emperor. Aurelian overcame a number of rebellions. His armies overcame the armies of the Gallic Empire and the Palmyrene Empire (two Roman states that formed during the Crisis of the Third Century). Aurelian joined the Roman Empire into one state again, and this was the beginning of the end of the Crisis of the Third Century. 

While he was emperor, Aurelian overcame the armies of several groups of barbarians – the Goths, Vandals, Juthungi, Sarmatians, and Carpi. Aurelian increased the importance the god Sol Invictus in Roman religion and he built a temple for the god in the city of Rome. For the first time in many centuries, Rome needed a defensive wall to keep out enemies who might attack it. Aurelian's government started to build the Aurelian Walls around Rome. Aurelian's wife, Ulpia Severina, was his  (empress) after summer 274. Aurelian was murdered by some of his soldiers in autumn 275.

## Early life 
The *Calendar of Philocalus* and the Greek historian John Malalas say that Aurelian was born on the 9 September 214. Aurelian was probably not from the nobility.

Aurelian was a soldier. He was  (a general officer with a high rank) when Claudius Gothicus was emperor.

## Emperor 
### 270–272 
Aurelian became emperor at Sirmium in September 270. Then Aurelian's army overcame Quintillus's army in a battle at Aquileia. (Quintillus was the emperor and the brother of Claudius Gothicus, the previous emperor.) Latin histories (the *Epitome de Caesaribus* and the work of Eutropius) say that Aurelian was emperor for five years and six months. This means that Aurelian may have started a rebellion against Claudius in February or March 270. However, this is not in the Roman histories. The Roman calendar had a festival for the anniversary of Aurelian's accession as emperor. It was on the day that Claudius Gothicus died.

On his way to the Sasanian Empire in September 275 (or possibly in October), soldiers in Aurelian's army killed Aurelian at Caenophrurium. Caenophrurium was a place between Perinthus and Byzantium in Roman Thracia. There may have been a *damnatio memoriae* on Aurelian: his name was removed from some inscriptions. However, the Romans later deified Aurelian (making him into a god). He got a new name in . Aurelian's wife, the *augusta* Ulpia Severina, may have been in control of the government until Marcus Claudius Tacitus became emperor.

## Family 
Aurelian and Ulpia Severina married at an unknown date. She was the daughter of a man named Ulpius Crinitus. The *Historia Augusta* says that Aurelian and Ulpia Severina had a daughter together. After 29 August 274, Ulpia Severina became *augusta* (empress) and had the Latin title: . When Ulpia Severina died is unknown.

Aurelian had a sister. She is in the Latin histories (the *Historia Augusta*, Eutropius, and the *Epitome de Caesaribus*) but her name is unknown.

## References
GMC Terrain

The **GMC Terrain** is a four-door crossover SUV. It is sold by GMC and is their smallest SUV to date. The Terrain replaced the Pontiac Torrent and was sold in the same dealership that replaced the Pontiac brand. While it rides on the same platform as the Equinox the Terrain bares a different look and resembles that of an SUV. The Terrain was shown at the 2009 New York International Auto Show and was sold in Mexico. The marque for the Terrain is also known as a rebadged Opel Antara in the Middle East.

## Other websites
*GMC Terrain at gmc.com
The Argus (Australia)

***The Argus*** was a morning daily newspaper in Melbourne which started in 1846 and closed in 1957. It was a conservative newspaper for most of its history, but in 1949 became more left in its stories.

## History
The newspaper was started by William Kerr, a journalist who had worked with the *Sydney Gazette* before moving to Melbourne in 1839 to work on John Pascoe Fawkner's *Port Phillip Patriot*. The first edition was published on 2 June 1846.

The paper was known for its abuse and sarcasm and by 1853 Kerr lost ownership after a series of court actions. It was then published under the name of Edward Wilson. The paper was also linked to the weekly *The Australasian* which was to become *The Australasian Post* in 1946.

During the Great Depression in 1933 it launched the *Melbourne Evening Star* in competition with *The Herald* newspaper, but was closed in 1936.

In 1949 the paper was bought by the London based *Daily Mirror* newspaper group. On 28 July 1952 the Melbourne Argus became the first newspaper in the world to publish colour photographs in a daily paper. The paper had interests in radio and in 1956, the new medium of television broadcasting. It was part of the group *General Telecasters Victoria* (GTV), and the GTV-9 television station. In 1957 the paper was sold to the Herald and Weekly Times group, which had been under the management of Chief Executive Keith Murdoch (Rupert's father) until his death in 1952. The Herald and Weekly Times group used the printing presses, but closed the *Argus* and sold off the broadcasting interests. The last edition was on 19 January 1957.

## The Argus Building
The *Argus* building, built in 1926 on the corner of La Trobe and Elizabeth streets, is classified by the National Trust and is on the Victorian Heritage Register of Heritage Victoria. In 1991, an innovative office building was built next door and named *The Argus Centre*, an award winning building by Nonda Katsalidis.  In 2004 La Trobe University bought the site of the old Argus building with the intention to redevelop and house legal and business schools in the building, as well as a ground floor shopping precinct.

## Further reading
* Don Hauser, *The Printers of the Streets and Lanes Of Melbourne (1837 - 1975)* Nondescript Press, Melbourne 2006
* Jim Usher (ed) *The Argus - life and death of a newspaper* Australian Scholarly Publishing, Melbourne 2008 ()

## Other websites 
* Digitised historic *The Argus* from the National Library of Australia
* Digitised historic *The Melbourne Argus* from the National Library of Australia
* The Argus: Special War Edition - 1 May 1915
* *The Argus* Index: 1870-1879
* The Argus Index: 1870-1879. Indexes to *the Argus* for other years
* Argus site to thrive as new La Trobe campus - The Age 5 February 2004
Zookeeper (movie)

***Zookeeper*** is a 2011 comedy movie that was produced by Todd Garner, Kevin James, Adam Sandler, Jack Giarraputo, Walt Becker, Charles Newirth and Barry Bernardi and was directed by Frank Coraci. *Zookeeper* was released on July 8, 2011 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 13% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

## Cast 
*Kevin James as Griffin Keyes
*Rosario Dawson as Kate
*Leslie Bibb as Stephanie
*Ken Jeong as Venom
*Donnie Wahlberg as Shane
*Joe Rogan as Gale
*Thomas Gottschalk as Jürgen Mavroc
*Brandon Keener as Nimer

### Voice roles
*Nick Nolte as Bernie the gorilla
*Sylvester Stallone as Joe the lion
*Adam Sandler as  Donald the monkey  
*Judd Apatow as Barry the elephant
*Cher as Janet the lioness Joe's mate
*Jon Favreau as Jerome Faizon Love Bruce grizzly bears
*Maya Rudolph as Molie the giraffe
*Bas Rutten as Sebastian the wolf
*Don Rickles as Jim the bullfrog
*Jim Breuer as Spike the crow
*Richie Minervini as Elmo the ostrich

## Other websites 
**Zookeeper*'s Official website 
* 
*
Sidney Nolan

**Sir Sidney Robert Nolan**  (; 22 April 191728 November 1992) is regarded as one of Australia's great artists. He used many art forms including painting, drawing, printmaking, set design (for theatre), murals, spray painting and collage. He created over 10,000 individual art works, considered a prolific, or large, number of works of art.

Nolan is famous for his set of 27 Ned Kelly paintings. In 2010 one of the Kelly paintings was given to the National Gallery of Victoria. One of the Kelly paintings not owned by the museum was sold in March 2010 for AU$5.4 million. This was the highest price ever paid for an Australian painting. 

Nolan was born in Carlton, Victoria on 22 April 1917. He attended Prahran Technical College and studied art at the National Gallery School in Melbourne. In 1948 he moved to Sydney, New South Wales and then in 1953 he moved to London where he stayed until his death on 28 November 1992.

## References
State of Georgia (TV series)

***State of Georgia*** is an American television situation comedy. The show airs on ABC Family on June 29 to August 17, 2011. The show will be Raven-Symoné's first sitcom since ''That's So Raven'' on Disney Channel.
*Kevin Covais as Lewis
*Hasan Minhaj as Seth
*Jason Rogel as Leo

## Episodes 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
*
Newton's Law of Cooling

'''Newton's Law of Cooling''' describes how the temperature of an object changes. It states that the rate of change of its temperature depends on how much hotter it is than its surroundings. Since it includes both temperature and the time derivative of temperature, is a first-order differential equation. It was made by physicist Sir Isaac Newton.

The law requires that the Heat transfer coefficient is independent of the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings. This is the case in some situations, but not in others. The best example is the simple mechanics used in an air conditioning unit.

## References