open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Photorefractive keratectomy

**Photorefractive keratectomy** (PRK) is a type of laser eye surgery. PRK uses an ultraviolet laser to reshape the cornea (outer surface of the eye). PRK can correct astigmatism, nearsightedness, and farsightedness. Unlike LASIK, PRK does not create a flap in the eye. Although no surgery is completely safe, PRK has less complications or side effects than LASIK. Some patients who can not have LASIK may be able to get PRK. PRK is especially preferred over LASIK for people with high prescriptions, thin corneas, and people who are more likely to get eye injuries, such as athletes or police officers. Potential side effects or complications include seeing haloes, starbursts, or glare, corneal haze, dry eye, infection, blurry vision, double vision, and the continued need for glasses or contact lenses. Side effects are more likely if an old or obsolete laser is used, which many clinics still use. Side effects are usually temporary but may become permanent. Some temporary side effects may be caused by the eye drops used, and not the surgery itself.

## Procedure
The surgeon gives anesthetic drops in each eye, to prevent the patient from feeling pain. The epithelium (outer layer of the cornea) is brushed off, and the surgeon uses a laser to remove small amounts of the cornea, changing its shape. Mitomycin C is then applied to the eye, which helps prevent corneal haze. A bandage contact lens is then placed over the eye, and the epithelium grows back behind the contact lens. Vision will be blurry for a few days, and there will be some pain and discomfort. The recovery period is longer and more painful than LASIK. Several sets of eye drops, applied several times each day, are necessary for at least a week or longer. After about a week, the epithelium has grown back, and the surgeon removes the contact lens. The patient must sleep with a protective shield over the eyes until the contact lens is removed.
Jazz Aviation

**Jazz Aviation LP**, formerly Jazz, is a Canadian regional airline. It was founded in 2001. It is Canada's second largest airline (in terms of fleet size). The airline is headquartered at Halifax Stanfield International Airport in Enfield and Halifax, Nova Scotia. Jazz serves both Canada and the United States across 74 destinations.

## Gallery

File:Jazz Office CYHZ.JPG |The headquarters for Jazz in Enfield, Nova Scotia
File:C-GKEZ landing in Vancouver.jpg | Jazz in air Canada Jazz livery CRJ-200 landing in Vancouver
File:C-GOND landing in Vancouver.jpg | Jazz in Air Canada Jazz livery Dash 8-100 landing in Vancouver

## References
## Other websites
*
New Democratic Party

The **New Democratic Party** (**NDP**) is a social democratic political party in Canada. It was formed in 1961 when the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation merged with the Canadian Labour Congress. In Canadian politics, the NDP is to the left of the Liberal Party.

Wings of the NDP have formed governments in several provinces. It forms the current government in British Columbia. In the 2011 federal elections it won 98 out of 308 seats in the House of Commons.

The current party leader is Jagmeet Singh. He became the leader in October 2017.

## Provincial and territorial parties
The NDP is not like other Canadian political parties. All the provincial and territorial parties are a direct part of the national/federal NDP. This means that if someone is a member of a provincial NDP party, they are automatically a member of the federal NDP.

This is not the case in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Quebec. This is because both the governments of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are consensus governments. Because of this, those governments do not have political parties. The NDP are represented by their groups in charge of the ridings in those territories (both Nunavut and the Northwest Territories each have one riding). In Quebec in 1989, the provincial NDP and the federal NDP decided to separate. This is because the Quebec NDP wanted Quebec to leave Canada. In 2014, the Quebec NDP restarted but it is not related to the federal NDP.

## References
Unapologetic

***Unapologetic*** is the seventh studio album released by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on November 19, 2012, by Def Jam Recordings.  The album features collaborations from Future, David Guetta, Eminem, Mikky Ekko, and Chris Brown.  *Unapologetic *became Rihanna's first number-one album on the *Billboard*200 chart in the United States. It features the number one hit single "Diamonds". To promote the album Rihanna went on the 777 Tour which consisted of seven shows in seven cities over seven nights.

## Track listing 
## References
WestJet

**WestJet Airlines Ltd.** is a Canadian low-cost carrier. It was founded on February 29, 1992. It is Canada's second largest air carrier, behind Air Canada. It operates an average of 425 flights and carries over 45,000 passengers per day. It was the eighth-largest airline in North America by passengers carried and carried 18.5 million passengers in 2013.

WestJet has a subsidiary regional airline called WestJet Encore, which started operating on June 24, 2013 with Bombardier Q400 twin-turboprop aircraft.

## Gallery

File:WestJetHQ.jpg|The head office building for WestJet at the Calgary International Airport
File:WestJet 737-200 C-GWJE.jpg|A WestJet Boeing 737-200 at Calgary International Airport, this airplane is no longer used
File:WestJet 737-700 at YUL.jpeg|A WestJet Boeing 737-700 at Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport
File:Westjet Special Livery.jpg|A WestJet Boeing 737-800 with a special livery promoting its customer-service promise, or "Care-antee"
File:WestJet 767-300 in Calgary (Quintin Soloviev).png|A WestJet Boeing 767-300ER
File:WestJet, C-GUDO, Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner (49589111106).jpg|A WestJet Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner

## References
## Other websites
*
Monk (TV series)

signs autographs after filming one of the shows.]]
***Monk*** is an American comedy-drama detective mystery television series. It was written for TV by Andy Breckman. It stars Tony Shalhoub. The show was on the air from July 2002 to December 2009. The last episode before the series was cancelled was one of the most-watched in cable television history. Other actors in the show were Bitty Schram, Jason Gray-Stanford, Ted Levine and Traylor Howard.

## Storyline
Adrian Monk (Tony Shalhoub) had been a good detective for the San Francisco police department. After his wife Trudy was killed by a car bomb, Monk had a nervous breakdown. He was too upset and afraid to work. He was then let go by the police department.

After that he stayed inside his house for many years. He finally began to go outside his house; but only with the help of his nurse, Sharona Fleming (Bitty Schram). He could only go places when she went with him to protect him from his fears. This let him do some work as a private detective. He still has a severe case of  obsessive-compulsive disorder. Sometimes, the obsessive-compulsive disorder helps him figure out the answers to clues in cases. He has a great memory for details. Since he was a child, Monk has been able to notice small things that others miss.

Monk has to have everything clean and spends a lot of his day cleaning over and over. He also has a fear of germs. He cleans his toothbrush with boiling water. He often works on  that involve women or bombs, because it reminds him of his wife.

In the middle of Season 3, Monk's nurse, Sharona Fleming, decides to move back to New Jersey. Monk then hires another . Her name is Natalie Teeger (played by Traylor Howard). Natalie has a daughter named Julie Teeger. Her husband was in the United States Navy and was killed in combat years earlier.

## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Monk on IMDb

## References
Heavy metals

**Heavy metals** are metals or chemical compounds containing metals with relatively high density, high atomic weights, or atomic numbers. 

This might mean up to 96 out of the 118 known chemical elements.  Mercury, lead and bismuth are examples. The term is widely used in science. They have a density of more than 5 g/cm3.  All of them are denser than iron 

The term is sometimes used for any toxic metal, or metalloid such as arsenic, regardless of density. 

The term heavy metals includes chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, silver, gold, cadmium, antimony, mercury, thallium, tungsten, platinum and lead. 

The heaviest metal by density is osmium. Although most heavy metals are toxic, not all of them are. For example, gold, which is one of the heaviest metals, is non-toxic and chemically inert in the body. Some gold compounds are toxic, however. More specific definitions of a heavy metal have been proposed but none is widely used. One common definition of a heavy metal is that it has a density and/or atomic number higher than iron.

Heavy metals are scarce in the Earth's crust because most have sunk into the Earth's core. Many are used in modern life. They are used, for example, in golf clubs, cars, antiseptics, self-cleaning ovens, plastics, solar panels, mobile phones, and particle accelerators.

## References
* Kumar V, Abbas AK & Aster JC 2013, 'Environmental and nutritional diseases,' in V Kumar, AK Abbas & JC Aster (eds), *Robbins basic pathology,* 9th ed, Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA. 
* Newman MC & Unger MA 2003. *Fundamentals of ecotoxicology,* 2nd ed. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL. 
* Sengupta AK 2002, 'Principles of heavy metals separation', in AK Sengupta (ed), *Environmental separation of heavy metals: engineering processes,* Lewis, Boca Raton, FL. 

## Related pages 
*Hyperaccumulator
Traylor Howard

**Traylor Elizabeth Howard** (born June 14, 1966) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the TV shows *Monk* and *Two Guys and a Girl*. She also appeared in a Foo Fighters music video.

## Career 
Howard was born in Orlando, Florida. She started out doing commercials. Howard has a degree in  and advertising from Florida State University. Before landing her first role in NBC's *Boston Common* she had already appeared in over 30 commercials. She appeared in *Two Guys and a Girl* on ABC and *Bram & Alice* on CBS. Her most famous role is probably as "Natalie Teeger" in USA network's TV series *Monk*.

## Personal life 
Howard has been married three times. Her first marriage was with Cameron Hall from 1991 to 1993. She was also married to Christian Navarro. On November 24, 2006, Howard gave birth to Sabu Howard. She then married her longtime friend Jarel Portman in 2011. She gave birth again in 2012 to Julien Howard. She lives in Los Angeles, California.

## References
Roar (song)

**"Roar"** is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Katy Perry. The lyrics are about standing up for oneself and self-empowerment. 

The song received mixed reviews from critics. "Roar" became Perry's eighth number-one hit song on the *Billboard* Hot 100.  The song also topped charts internationally, in countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, where "Roar" became the bestselling song of 2013.

The song was released on August 10, 2013.

## Music video 
The music video shows Katy Perry inside a cargo plane with another male that suddenly crashes in a jungle. Her male counterpart doesn't care about the situation and gives Katy the luggage while taking selfies . A tiger acts him suddenly . Katy screams and flees with the tiger chasing after her she ditches the tiger and is nearly eaten by a crocodile and has a spider crawl on her . After this Katy sees fireflies in the bushes who all come out and form a tiger . It cuts to the next shot wear she bathes with  help from an elephant and makes. friends with a money. She also turns berries into lipstick and uses her shoe to make a hunting tool . She catches a banana and then goes exploring .She reads prehistoric cave art with a tiger's roar being stronger than men . He then emerges in different clothes and a leaf skirt and starts swing from vines and brushes a crocodiles teeth and also she paints an elephant's toe nails . She calls all the animals and uses a parrots feather to lure the tiger into a trap and proves her roar stronger than his . Katy is then named queen of the jungle with her tiger and various animals as her pets . The next shot cuts to her waking up in the crashed plane surrounded by animals.

## Credits and Personnel
Credits adapted from *Prism* album liner notes. 

* Katy Perry – vocals and songwriting
* Bonnie McKee – lyrics
* Dr. Luke – songwriting and production
* Max Martin – songwriting and production
* Cirkut – songwriting and production
* Michael Ilbert – recording
* Sam Holland – recording
* Peter Carlsson – recording
* Clint Gibbs – recording
* Elliott Lanam – recording assistant
* Justin Fox – recording assistant
* Rachael Findlen – recording assistant
* John Hanes – mixing
* Serban Ghenea – mixing
* Chris Gehringer – mastering
* Irene Richter – production coordinator

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
* Lyric video on Vevo
* 
*
Straight Outta Compton

***Straight Outta Compton*** is the debut studio album by rap group N.W.A. It was released in 1988. Most of the album's lyrics are by Eazy-E, Ice Cube and MC Ren. This album reached double platinum. 

Songs on the album include "Gangsta Gangsta" and "Straight Outta Compton".

## Track listing
All songs were produced by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. 

## Personnel
*Eazy-E – rapping (seven songs)
*Ice Cube – rapping (six songs)
*MC Ren – rapping (eight songs)
*Arabian Prince – keyboards & drum programming (five songs) & rapping (one song)
*Dr. Dre – keyboards & drum programming (five songs), rapping (five songs)
*DJ Yella – sampling & drum programming (seven songs), rapping (one song)
*The D.O.C. (guest) – rapping (one song)

## References
Showtime (TV network)

**Showtime** is a premium cable channel to produce movies, original series, original movies, and acquired series. It was originally owned by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment until it was bought by Viacom in 1983 and merged with The Movie Channel to form Showtime/The Movie Channel.

## Other websites 
*
Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment

**Warner-AmEx Satellite Entertainment** was a media company is formed in New York City on December 1, 1977 as a joint venture between Warner Communications and American Express to produce television networks including MTV, Nickelodeon, Showtime, and The Movie Channel. In 1983, it was sold to Viacom and Showtime and The Movie Channel merged to form Showtime/The Movie Channel and in 1985 it was sold again to Viacom and renamed MTV Networks.
The Movie Channel

**The Movie Channel** is a premium cable channel to produce movies, and original movies. It was originally owned by independent until it was acquired by Warner Communications in 1975 and joint venture with American Express, Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment until it was bought by Viacom in 1983 and merged with Showtime to form Showtime/The Movie Channel. In 2005, Viacom split into two companies Viacom and CBS Corporation. It headquarted in New York City.
The Wolf Among Us

***The Wolf Among Us*** is an episodic graphic adventure video game developed and published by Telltale Games. It is based on the *Fables* comic book series by Bill Willingham. It is set as a prequel to the comic book and is canon with the comic book universe.

The first season for the game consists of five episodes. The first episode was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows and the Xbox 360 on October 11, 2013, The retail versions of the game for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One consoles are expected to be released later in 2014.

In the game, the player controls Bigby Wolf, formerly the Big Bad Wolf. Bigby is the sheriff of Fabletown and works at the "Business Office" under interim mayor Ichabod Crane. He is aided by Snow White and her Magic Mirror during his investigation along with the help of Bufkin the winged monkey who manages the records of Fabletown. Bigby saves a young prostitute from a drunk Woodsman. He leads her to safety and she tells him that he is not as bad as everyone says he is. The next day, Bigby is shocked to find that the woman's head had been left on the Woodlands doorstep. Clues that were left with her head identify her as Faith, a Fable from Allerleirauh. Ichabod Crane then orders that Bigby and Snow White investigate her death.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*
Kinney National Company

**Kinney National Service Inc.** was a media company formed in 1961 formed from a joint venture between Riverside Memorial Home and Kinney Parking System. It went through another merger with National Cleaning Company in 1966. Produced movie studios including Warner Bros. Pictures, television companies including Warner Bros. Television. In 1972, Kinney National Company spun off its non-media assets and reorganized itself into Warner Communications.
Tracy Lawrence

**Tracy Lawrence** (born January 27, 1968) is an American country music singer. He started at a country music restaurant called "Live At Libby's" where owner Libby Knight would help local talent find their way into country music. Lawrence signed to Atlantic Records in 1991.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Sticks and Stones* (1991)
* *Alibis* (1993)
* *I See It Now* (1994)
* *Time Marches On* (1996)
* *The Coast Is Clear* (1997)
* *Lessons Learned* (2000)
* *Tracy Lawrence* (2001)
* *Strong* (2004)
* *For the Love* (2007)
* *The Rock* (2009)
* *The Singer* (2011)
* *Headlights, Taillights and Radios* (2013)
* *Good Ole Days* (2017)
* *Frozen in Time* (2018)
* *Made in America* (2019)
* *Hindsight 2020 Volume 1: Stairway to Heaven Highway to Hell* (2021)
* *Hindsight 2020 Volume 2: Price of Fame* (2021)
* *Hindsight 2020 Volume 3: Angelina* (2022)

;Christmas albums
* *All Wrapped Up in Christmas* (2007)
* *Frozen in Time* (2018)

;Compilations
**Tracy Lawrence Live* (1995)
**The Best of Tracy Lawrence* (1998)
**Then & Now: The Hits Collection* (2005)
**The Very Best of Tracy Lawrence* (2007)

### *Billboard* number-one hits
*"Sticks and Stones" (1 week, 1991-1992)
*"Alibis" (2 weeks, 1993)
*"Can't Break It to My Heart" (1 week, 1993)
*"My Second Home" (1 week, 1993)
*"If the Good Die Young" (2 weeks, 1994)
*"Texas Tornado" (1 week, 1995)
*"Time Marches On" (3 weeks, 1996)
*"Find Out Who Your Friends Are" (1 week, 2007)

## References
Jasper Johns

**Jasper Johns, Jr.** (born May 15, 1930) is an American. contemporary artist. He works primarily in painting and printmaking. He is known for creating *Three Flags*.

## References
Yamila Diaz-Rahi

**Yamila Diaz-Rahi** (born 9 March 1976) is an Argentine model.Today Yamila Diaz Rahi is a popular ceramic artist in Brooklyn New York. Yamila Diaz Rahi Ceramics.

## Background 
Díaz was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina to a Lebanese father and Spanish mother. Her father was a doctor and her mother was a health care manager. While studying Economics in Buenos Aires in 1996 she was discovered by a scout from Milan.

## Career 
After working in Milan for a few years, she was featured in the 1999 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and was on the cover of the magazine in 2002 and 2006.

Diaz-Rahi has also been on other magazines such as GQ, Maxim, and so on. She has also appeared in the Victoria's Secret catalog, and various advertisements.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Yamila Diaz-Rahi on IMDb
* Yamila Diaz-Rahi on the Fashion Model Directory
Héctor Lechuga

**Héctor Lechuga** (18 April 1929 &ndash; 13 July 2017) was a Mexican actor, comedian, political commentarist and radio personality. He is known for his roles in *Peluquero de señoras* (1973), *México 2000* (1983) and *Masajista de señoras* (1973).

Lechuga died on 13 July 2017 of a heart attack after suffering from Alzheimer's disease at his home in Xalapa, Veracruz at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
Showtime Networks

**Showtime Networks** is a media company that began in New York City in 1983. In the beginning, it was **Showtime/The Movie Channel, Inc.**. This came about because of a merger among three companies: Showtime, The Movie Channel and Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment. It was originally owned by Viacom until 2005. That year, the company split into two companies; Viacom and CBS Corporation.

The network is in charge of the company's premium cable television channels, including Showtime.

## References
John M. Coyne

**John M. Coyne Sr.** (November 11, 1916 – July 21, 2014) was an American politician. He served as the mayor of Brooklyn, Ohio from 1948 to 1999. He is the longest consecutive serving mayor in United States history. Coyne continued to live in the city. 

He was reportedly responsible for the country's first seat belt (in 1966) and mobile phone laws for motorists.

Coyne died in Brooklyn, Ohio from natural causes, aged 97.

## References
Steve Ditko

**Stephen J. "Steve" Ditko** (November 2, 1927 &ndash; June 29, 2018) was a Ukrainian American comic book artist and writer. He was best known as the artist and co-creator, with Stan Lee, of the Marvel Comics heroes Spider-Man and Doctor Strange. He was born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

Ditko died at his New York City apartment from a heart attack on June 29, 2018 at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Prism (album)

***Prism*** is the fourth studio album by American pop singer-songwriter Katy Perry. It was going to be much darker than her earlier material, though it became an upbeat, dance-inspired album. The songs "Roar" and "Birthday" are on the album.  The album debuted at number one on the US *Billboard* 200 with first-week sales of 286,000 copies.  *Prism* features the singles "Roar", "Unconditionally", "Dark Horse" featuring American rapper Juicy J, "Birthday", and "This Is How We Do".  The first and third singles both reached number one on the *Billboard* Hot 100, while the second and fourth singles became top-twenty hits in the US.  All of the singles have been certified platinum or higher in the US, with "Roar" and "Dark Horse" each being certified Diamond.

## Track listing 
## Personnel
The following people contributed to *Prism*:

* Klas Åhlund – production, programming
* Cory Bice – assistant
* Tim Blacksmith – management
* Ron Blake – saxophone
* Benny Blanco – instrumentation, production, programming
* Delbert Bowers – assistant
* Peter Carlsson – engineer
* Cirkut – instrumentation, production, programming
* Bradford Cobb – management
* Danny D. – management
* Sabina Ddumba – background vocals
* Dr. Luke – coral sitar, executive producer, instrumentation, production, programming
* Eric Eylands – assistant
* Rachael Findlen – assistant
* Justin Fox – assistant recording engineer
* Alex Foster – saxophone
* Mike Foster – engineer
* Chris Galland – assistant
* Earl Gardner – trumpet
* Chris Gehringer – mastering
* Şerban Ghenea – mixing
* Clint Gibbs – engineer
* John Hanes – engineer
* Ngoc Hoàng – management
* Sam Holland – engineer
* Ian Mcgregor – engineer
* Michael Ilbert – engineer
* Ava James – vocals
* Steven Jensen – management
* Juicy J – featured artist, vocals
* Aditya Kalyanpur – tabla
* Christian Karlsson – engineer, instrumentation, production, programming
* Martin Kirkup – management
* Greg Kurstin – engineer, guitar, keyboards, production, programming
* Ronobit Lahiri – sitar
* Tucker Bodine – engineer
* Andrew Luftman – production co-ordination
* Magnus – engineer, instrumentation, programming
* Manny Marroquin – mixing
* Max Martin – executive producer, instrumentation, production, programming, background vocals
* John Mayer – guitar
* Dan McCarroll – A&R
* Ryan McGinley – photography
* Mogollon – art direction, design
* Dave O'Donnell – horn engineer
* Alex Pasco – engineer
* Katy Perry – executive producer, primary artist, production, lead vocals, background vocals
* Lenny Pickett – horn arrangements, saxophone
* Vincent Pontare – engineer, instrumentation, programming
* Irene Richter – production co-ordination
* Saturday Night Live Band – main personnel
* Chris Sclafani – assistant
* Gingger Shankar – double violin
* Jesse Shatkin – engineer
* Stargate – instrumentation, production, programming, composition, engineering
* Tensta Gospel Choir – background vocals
* Steve Turre – trombone
* Greg Wells – drums, piano, production, programming, synthesizer
* Steven Wolf – drums
* Scott "Yarmov" Yarmovsky – production co-ordination
* Kenta Yonesaka – assistant

## References
Peggy McCay

**Margaret Ann McCay** (November 3, 1927 &ndash; October 7, 2018),

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Peggy McCay profile, IBDB; accessed May 6, 2014.
* Peggy McCay profile, Internet Off-Broadway Database; accessed May 6, 2014.
*
Pierre Alechinsky

**Pierre Alechinsky** (born 19 October 1927) is a Belgian artist. He has lived and worked in France since 1951. His work is related to tachisme, abstract expressionism, and lyrical abstraction.

## References
## Other websites
*Examples of Pierre Alechinsky Editions 
*Galerie Lelong, Paris
*
McClure, Virginia

**McClure** is an unincorporated community in Dickenson County, Virginia, United States. McClure is located along the McClure River and Virginia State Route 63  southeast of Clintwood.

## References
Mark Lane (author)

**Mark Lane** (February 24, 1927 &ndash; May 10, 2016) was an American attorney and former New York state legislator, civil rights activist, and Vietnam war-crimes investigator. 

Lane was born in the Bronx and raised in Brooklyn.

He was best known as a leading researcher, author, and conspiracy theorist on the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy. He wrote the 1966 number-one bestselling critique of the Warren Commission, *Rush to Judgment* to *The Last Word: My Indictment of the CIA in the Murder of JFK*, published in 2011. 

Lane has written at least four major works on the JFK assassination and no fewer than ten books overall.

Lane died of a heart attack at his home in Charlottesville, Virginia on May 10, 2016 at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*The Lane Law Firm
Ralph Stanley

**Ralph Edmund Stanley** (February 25, 1927 &ndash; June 23, 2016), also known as Dr. Ralph Stanley, was an American bluegrass artist. He was known for his unique singing and banjo playing.

On June 23, 2016, Stanley died of skin cancer in Coeburn, Virginia, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* American legends: Ralph Stanley – The Guardian
* http://www.slipcue.com/music/country/countryartists/stanley.html 
* http://www.drralphstanley.com/index.shtml 
* Ralph Stanley Museum & Traditional Mountain Music Center
* Ralph Stanley Interview 
* [ Allmusic with audio]
* A capella performance of 'Me and God' 
* http://www.ralphstanley.net/ 
* Ralph Stanley plays the Tiny Desk for NPR Music
* The Ralph Stanley "Twine"
Dickenson County, Virginia

**Dickenson County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,124. Its county seat is Clintwood.

## References
David Easton

**David Easton** (June 24, 1917 &ndash; July 19, 2014) was a Canadian-American political scientist. Easton was a Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of California, Irvine.

Easton died in Irvine, California from natural causes, aged 97.

## References
Dennis Hastert

**John Dennis "Denny" Hastert** (; born January 2, 1942) is a former American politician who served as the 51st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2007. He represented  for twenty years, 1987 to 2007.

On May 28, 2015, Hastert was indicted by federal prosecutors.  The legal charges against him were that he did not follow a law that says banks should report cash transactions over $10,000, and that he made false statements to the FBI about his withdrawals, in a hush money scheme designed to cover up serial child molestation that Hastert had committed when he was a high school wrestling coach. He was found guilty on April 27, 2016 and was sentenced to two years in prison.

## Biography 
Hastert was born on January 2, 1942, in Aurora, Illinois.  He grew up in rural Illinois.  He graduate from Wheaton College in 1964.  His degree was in economics.  In 1967 he got a masters in philosophy of education from Northern Illinois University.

After  leaving government, he returned to rural Illinois. Hastert  now lives in Plano, Illinois.

## References
## Other websites
*SourceWatch Congresspedia – Dennis Hastert  profile
*NewsMeat list of contributors to Hastert's campaigns 
*Beyond DeLay – Rep. Dennis Hastert (R-IL)  from Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington
*OpenlineBlog.com  political blog covering 14th Congressional District
**Booknotes* interview with Hastert on *Speaker: Lessons from 40 Years in Coaching and Politics*, August 15, 2004.
Secretary of State for Business and Trade

**Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy**, (often known as the **Business Secretary**) is a cabinet position in the United Kingdom government. The office is responsible for the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The post has been held by Kemi Badenoch since February 2023.

## List of secretaries of state 
### Industry, trade and regional development (1963–1964) 
### Trade and industry (1970–1974) 
### Industry-prices-trade (1974–1983) 
### Trade and industry (1983–2007) 
### Business, enterprise and regulatory reform (2007–2009) 
### Business, innovation and skills (2009–2016) 
### Energy and climate change (2008–2016)
### Business, energy and industrial strategy (2016&ndash;2023) 
### Business and trade (2023–present)
## References
Iring Fetscher

**Iring Fetscher** (4 March 1922 – 19 July 2014) was a German academic, political scientist and researcher on Hegel and Marxism.

Fetscher was born at Marbach am Neckar. He was raised in Dresden. After World War II, he studied at Tübingen and Paris.

From 1963 to 1988 Fetschler was Professor of Political Science and Social Philosophy at the Goethe University Frankfurt. He is identified with the "second generation" of the Frankfurt School, along with Jürgen Habermas and Alfred Schmidt.

In 1976, he published his own version of *The Wolf and the Seven Young Goats* by the Brothers Grimm, *Die Geiß und die sieben Wölflein* (English version as "The Goat and the Seven Young Wolves"), as part of the children's book *Update on Rumpelstiltskin and other Fairy Tales by 43 Authors*, which is compiled by Hans-Joachim Gelberg, illustrated by Willi Glasauer, and published by Beltz & Gelberg.

In 1993, Fetscher was honored with induction into the Ordre des Palmes Académiques.

Fetscher died in Frankfurt, aged 92.

## Bibliography
* *The Goat and the Seven Young Wolves* in *Update on Rumpelstiltskin and other Fairy Tales by 43 Authors* (1976), compiled by Hans-Joachim Gelberg, written by Iring Fetscher, Alfons Schweiggert, Rolf Krenzer, Günter Kunert, Rosemarie Künzler-Behncke, Hans-Georg Lenzen, Josef Wittmann, Wolf Wondratschek, Werner Schmoll, Hans-Joachim Gelberg, Janosch, Richard Bletschacher, Reiner Kunze, Max Bolliger, Christa Reinig, Friedl Hofbauer, Rudolf Otto Wiemer, Jörg Steiner, Kurt Kusenberg, Peter Härtling, Josef Guggenmos, Ota Filip, Irmela Brender, Karlhans Frank, Achim Bröger, Luděk Pešek, Wolfgang Weyrauch, Vera Ferra-Mikura, Nicolas Born, Hildegard Wohlgemuth, Günter Bruno Fuchs, Franz Fühmann, Ernst A. Ekker, Michael Kumpe, Oskar Maria Graf, Agathe Keller, Lotte Betke, Doris Mühringer, Dagmar Chidolue, Juri Korinetz, Michael Ende, Béatrice Tanaka, and André Heller, illustrated by Willi Glasauer, published by Beltz & Gelberg

## References
Alfred Schmidt

with Alfred Schmidt.]]

**Alfred Schmidt** (born 19 May 1931, Berlin – 28 August 2012, Frankfurt am Main) was a German philosopher.
## Life
Schmidt studied history, English and philology at the Goethe University Frankfurt and later philosophy and sociology.

Schmidt was professor of philosophy and sociology at the University of Frankfurt from 1972 and was made emeritus in 1999.

Schmidt was a member of the International PEN and an honorary member of the Schopenhauer Society.

## References
Carl Albert

**Carl Bert Albert** (May 10, 1908 – February 4, 2000) was an American lawyer and a Democratic American politician from Oklahoma. He served as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977.

## Other websites
* The Carl Albert Center at the University of Oklahoma 
* Carl Albert Center Biography of Carl Albert
* Carl Albert State College Home Page 
* The Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma Home Page
* Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Albert, Carl 
* Oral History Interviews with Carl Albert, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library 
* 
* Interview: Life and Career of Carl Albert C-SPAN Video Library
Rubem Alves

**Rubem Azevedo Alves** (September 15, 1933 – July 19, 2014) was a Brazilian theologian, philosopher, academic, writer and psychoanalyst. Alves was one of the founders of liberation theology.

Alves was a Lutheran. 

## References
## Other websites
* .
** .
* .
* 
*
The Corporation (professional wrestling)

**The Corporation** was a professional wrestling stable in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The team was led by Mr. McMahon and then later by Shane McMahon. The Corporation had a corrupt attitude towards rebellious wrestlers. The stable lasted from November 16, 1998 until April 29, 1999. The Corporation would feud with the likes of Stone Cold Steve Austin, Mankind, D-Generation X, the Union, and the Ministry of Darkness. The Corporation would eventually merge with the Ministry of Darkness and form The Corporate Ministry. During their time in The Corporation, The Rock was a three-time WWF Champion, Shane McMahon was a one-time WWF European Champion, Big Boss Man was a one-time WWF Hardcore Champion, Ken Shamrock was a one-time WWF Intercontinental Champion, and Big Boss Man and Ken Shamrock were one-time WWF Tag Team Champions. 

## Members 
* Mr. McMahon (1998–1999) (Leader)
* Shane McMahon (1998–1999) (Second leader)
* Big Bossman (1998–1999)
* Chyna (1999)
* Triple H (1999)
* Pete Gas (1999)
* Rodney (1999)
* Joey Abs (1999)
* The Big Show (1999)
* Ken Shamrock (1998–1999)
* The Rock (1998–1999)
* Test (1998–1999)
* Kane (1999)
* Pat Patterson (1998–1999)
* Gerald Brisco (1998–1999)
* Shawn Michaels (1998)
* Sgt. Slaughter (1998)

**Entrance themes**
* "No Chance in Hell" performed by Peter Bursuker and composed by Jim Johnston
* "Corporate Ministry" by Peter Bursuker

## Championships and accomplishments 
* **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
** Feud of the Year (1998-1999) (Vince McMahon vs. Steve Austin)

* **World Wrestling Federation**
** WWF Championship (3 times) (The Rock)
** WWF European Championship (1 time) (Shane McMahon)
** WWF Hardcore Championship (1 time) (Big Boss Man)
** WWF Intercontinental Championship (1 time) (Ken Shamrock)
** WWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) (Big Boss Man and Ken Shamrock)

* **Wrestling Observer Newsletter**
**Feud of the Year (1998-1999) (Vince McMahon vs. Steve Austin)

## References
## Other websites 
*Mr. McMahon's WWE profile 
*Shane McMahon's WWE profile
*Big Boss Man's WWE profile
*Triple H's WWE profile
*Mean Street Posse's WWE profile
*The Big Show's WWE profile
*Ken Shamrock's WWE profile
*The Rock's WWE profile
*Test's WWE profile 
*Kane's WWE profile
*Pat Patterson's WWE profile
*Gerald Brisco's WWE profile
*Shawn Michaels' WWE profile
*Sgt. Slaughter's WWE profile
Max Horkheimer

**Max Horkheimer** (February 14, 1895 &ndash; July 7, 1973) was a German-American philosopher and sociologist. He was famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the "Frankfurt School" of social research.

## Works
His most important writing includes *The Eclipse of Reason* (1947), "Between Philosophy and Social Science" (1930&ndash;1938) and, together with Theodor Adorno, *The Dialectic of Enlightenment* (1947). Through the Frankfurt School, Horkheimer planned, supported, and made other significant works possible.

After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, Horkheimer, who was Jewish, left Germany and went to live in the United States.

## Collected works
His collected works have been issued in German as *Gesammelte Schriften*, 19 volumes, edited by Alfred Schmidt and Gunzelin Schmid Noerr. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1985-1996.

## References
The Ministry of Darkness

**The Ministry of Darkness** was a heel professional wrestling stable in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The team was led by The Undertaker. The stable was controversial due to their pseudo-Satanic themed storylines which included rituals and sacrifices. The stable lasted from January 1999. The Ministry of Darkness would eventually merge with The Corporation and form The Corporate Ministry. 

During their time in The Ministry of Darkness, The Undertaker was a one-time WWF Champion, The Acolytes were two-time WWF Tag Team Champions and Mideon was a one-time WWF European Champion.

## Members 
* The Undertaker (Leader)
* The Acolytes (Bradshaw and Faarooq)
* Mideon
* Viscera
* The Brood (Gangrel, Edge, and Christian)

## Championships and accomplishments 
The championship and accomplishments of both the Ministry and Corporate Ministry
* **World Wrestling Federation**
**WWF Championship (1 time) (Undertaker)
**WWF Tag Team Championship (2 times) (The Acolytes)
**WWF European Championship (1 time) (Mideon)

## References
## Other websites 
*The Undertaker's WWE profile
*Paul Bearer's WWE profile
*Bradshaw's WWE profile
*Faarooq's WWE profile
*Viscera's WWE profile
*Edge's WWE profile
*Christian's WWE profile
Almaty Region

**Almaty** (, *Almatı oblısı*, *الماتى وبلىسى*; ) is a region of Kazakhstan. Capital of this region is Taldykorgan, which has a population of 123,000. Population of the region: 1,807,894 (2009); 1,557,269 (1999).

## Geography
Almaty Region is the province which surrounds the city of Almaty. The province borders Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang (East Turkestan) autonomous province in China. The province also touches three other Kazakh provinces: Jambyl Province to the west, Karagandy Province to the northwest and East Kazakhstan Province to the north. Almaty Province has an area of 224,000 square kilometres.

## History
**Alma-Ata Province**,  the predecessor of today's Almaty Province, was created from the historical region of Zhetysu on March 10, 1932. Its capital was Alma-Ata (Almaty). Several times during the Soviet period, the north-eastern part of the province, centered on Taldykorgan, was separated from Alma-Ata Province, forming a separate **Taldy-Kurgan Province**, only to be merged into Alma-Ata Province again several years later.

In April 2001 the administrative center of Almaty Province was moved from Almaty to Taldykorgan. Thus Taldykorgan has become a provincial capital again - this time without splitting a province.

## Demographics
In the 1989 census (excepting Alma-Ata)
Kazakhs 54.2% 
Russians 28.6% 
Uigurs 7.8% 
Others 9.4% .

In the 1999 census (excepting Almaty)
Kazakhs 66.4% 
Russians 23.8% 
Uigurs 7.0% 
Others 4.6% .

In the 2009 census (excepting Almaty)
Kazakhs 68.2% 
Russians 22.8% 
Uigurs 6.2% 
Other 3.8%

## Sights
*Besqaynar - Ski resorts located 1500 metres above sea level
*Tamgaly - a World Heritage Site (petroglyphs)
*Charyn Canyon - Charyn National Park
*Talgar - a region where the Issyk kurgan is located
*Medeo - one of the most famous ice rinks in the world
*Dostyk - a point of entry from China to Kazakhstan
*Kapchagay Dam on the Ili River

## References
## Other websites
*Official regional website
Lesbian feminism

**Lesbian feminism** is a movement and point of view that asks questions about the position of lesbians and women in society. 

## Overview
Lesbian feminism started in the early 1970s. It started because some people were unhappy with the feminism and gay liberation movements of that time.

## History
As far back as the 1890s, lesbianism was tied to feminism, which was the most common between the 1970s and 1980s, mostly in North America and Western Europe.

## Related pages
* Civil rights
* Egalitarianism
* Women's rights

## References
Gay liberation

**Gay liberation** is a movement that encourages gay people and lesbians to "come out". The movement happened mostly in the 1960s and 1970s. To come out means to publicly show one's sexual orientation to family, friends and others. The movement involved LGBT in North America, Australia, New Zealand and Western Europe.
 
The Stonewall riots of 1969 led up to the new movement. Gays and lesbians began to protest bad treatment. They began to "come out" because they were angry and upset.
LGBT pride

**Gay pride**, or **LGBT pride**, is a positive stand against hatred, discrimination or violence toward lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.

Gay pride builds trust and rights. It promotes the LGBT as a group. It also honors sexual orientation of all kinds and differences in gender.

It is also a remembrance for those who lost their lives due to gay bashing, or those who were punished by the law because homosexuality was illegal. It also shows respect to those who still can't live their lives freely in countries where it is still illegal or very discriminated against.

Pride Month is celebrated every June.

Usually, events are . Some of these include , but they may also be protests against rules that are seen as too harsh.
Coming out

advocate Karl Heinrich Ulrichs introduced the idea of coming out as a means of emancipation.]]

The term **coming out** means to reveal oneself as any orientation or gender. It means no longer hiding one's sexual or romantic orientation, or gender. 

The subject has been talked about as an issue of privacy. "Coming out of the closet" is said to be a psychological process, decision making or risk-taking, a means toward feeling gay pride rather than shame or stigma, or even career suicide.

## References
## Related pages
* Gay liberation
* LGBT
SummerSlam (2003)

**SummerSlam (2003)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on August 24, 2003 at the America West Arena in Phoenix, Arizona. It was the sixteenth SummerSlam event held by the WWE.

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official SummerSlam 2003 website
The Great American Bash (2005)

**The Great American Bash (2005)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) for their SmackDown! brand. It took place on July 24, 2005 at the HSBC Arena in Buffalo, New York. It was the second Great American Bash event held by WWE and the 16th overall.

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official Great American Bash 2005 website
Tamaraw

The **tamaraw** (*Bubalus mindorensis*), also known as the **Mindoro dwarf buffalo**, is a small, hoofed mammal. It is found only on the island of Mindoro in the Philippines.  The tamaraw was originally more widely spread. Because of human habitation, hunting, and logging, it is present in only a few remote grassy plains and is now an endangered species.

## References
Nyala

The **nyala** (*Nyala angasii* or *Tragelaphus angasii*), also called **inyala**, is an antelope that lives in southern Africa. It has the highest sexual dimorphism among other spiral-horned antelopes.

The nyala is mainly active early in the morning and late in the afternoon. As a herbivore, the nyala eats leaves, fruits and grasses. They prefer water holes rather than open spaces. The nyala is not a territorial animal. Family groups of up to 10 individuals can be found. Old males live alone but family groups of up to ten members live in thickets within dense and dry savanna woodlands. The main predators of the nyala are lion, leopard and Cape hunting dog, while baboons and raptors hunt for the young. Mating peaks during spring and autumn.

Nyalas live in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. They have been introduced to Botswana and Namibia, and reintroduced to Swaziland, where they became extinct in the 1950s. Populations are stable and are of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The main threats to the species are poaching and habitat loss resulting from human settlement. The males are highly demanded as game animals in Africa.

## References
Comorbidity

In medicine, **comorbidity** refers to diseases that often occur together with another disease or condition. 

## Overview
The first disease or disorder is called *primary*. In many cases, the primary condition or disease does not cause the comorbid disorders. However, they may both be caused or partly caused by the same thing, for example a genetic mutation or a traumatic experience.   

## Examples
For instance, a patient may have antisocial personality disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The two conditions are *comorbid*. Another patient might suffer from borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and bipolar disorder. The three conditions are *comorbid*.
Robert William Fisher

showing what Robert William Fisher might look like as he gets older.]]
**Robert William "Bobby" Fisher, Sr.** (born April 13, 1961) is an American fugitive. He is wanted for the murder of his wife and their two children. The murders happened on April 10, 2001 in Scottsdale, Arizona. On June 29, 2002, he was named by the FBI as the 475th fugitive on their list of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives.

## References
Hans-Peter Kaul

**Hans-Peter Kaul** (25 July 1943 – 21 July 2014) was a German international law scholar and former diplomat and international judge. 

From 11 March 2003 until 1 July 2014, he served as Judge at the International Criminal Court in The Hague. 

At the ICC, Judge Kaul was President of the Pre-Trial Division from 2004 until March 2009 and again in 2014. He was also the Court's Vice-President from 2009 to 2012. 

In 2014, he resigned from the ICC for health reasons but his condition became worse. Kaul died on 22 July 2014, aged 70.

## References
Dan Borislow

**Daniel M. Borislow** (September 21, 1961 – July 21, 2014) was an American entrepreneur, philanthropist, sports team owner, inventor, and thoroughbred horse breeder. He was known for creating the magicJack. It is a small product which can be plugged into a computer's USB port and allows for unlimited calling from regular telephones.

Borislow died on July 21, 2014 from a heart attack, reportedly after playing in a pick-up soccer match, aged 52.

## References
## Other websites
*magicJack Web site
John Blundell (economist)

**John Blundell** (9 October 1952 – 22 July 2014) was a British economist. He was the Director General and Ralph Harris Fellow at the Institute of Economic Affairs. Blundell had been involved in the creation and development of many free-market think tanks. Many people thank Blundell for creating the Thatcher revolution.

Blundell died on 22 July 2014 at the age of 61.

## References
## Other websites
* Video collection from NewMedia Universidad Francisco Marroquín
Sikkimese language

**Sikkimese** (འབྲས་ལྗོངས་སྐད་) is a Tibetic languages spoken by the Sikkimese people in Sikkim, India, and northeast Nepal. The Sikkimese people call their language Dranjongke meaning *"Rice Valley language"* and they call their homeland Denzong meaning *"Rice Valley"*. Other names for the language are *Bhotia, Dranjoke*, *Denjongka*, *Denzongpeke*, and *Denzongke.*

## References
Lurs

]]
**Lurs** (also Lors, Luri/Persian: لُر) are an Iranian ethnic group who speak the Luri language and live mainly in the mountainous regions of southwestern Iran. Their population is estimated at nine million and they mainly inhabit the Lorestan province located in southwest Iran. The vast majority of Lurs are Shia Muslim.