open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Pita

, hummus, tomato, and lamb.]]

**Pita**  is a type of flatbread. Sometimes it is called **pitta ** or **pide** (Turkish), **pitka** (Bulgarian) and pronounced "pitta" in Greek). Pita is often round, brown, wheat flatbread made with yeast.

Pita is traditionally made in the Middle East and around the Mediterranean. It is also used in the cuisines of these countries. It can also be found in North Africa and the Levant. 

Possibly, it was spread by the Ancient Greek city states colonies, or by the spread of the Islam through the region. 

In Turkish cuisine, pide may refer to thicker breads made with yeast, for example shish kebab pide. It may also refer to foods using many thin layers of dough, usually with many different ingredients in between. That way, pies such as tyropita and spanakopita or sweet pies such as baclava are made.

The Indian flatbread form of roti is sometimes referred to as "Indian pita".

## References
Type I and type II errors

In statistics, **type I and type II errors** are errors that happen when a coincidence occurs while doing statistical inference, which leads to one making the wrong conclusion. One makes a Type I error when the null hypothesis is rejected, when it is actually true. Conversely, one makes a Type II error when the null hypothesis is accepted, when it is actually false. The probability of type I error is often written as \alpha, while the probability of type II error is written as \beta.

## Related pages 
* Alpha
* Beta
* False positives and false negatives
* Power of a test

## References
Kimora Lee Simmons

**Kimora Lee Simmons** (born May 4, 1975) is an American fashion model. She is the former president and Creative Director for Phat Fashions. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. Simmons is half Japanese and half African American.

## References
## Other websites 
*Kimora Lee Simmons Pictures
Icosagon

An **icosagon** is a shape with 20 sides and 20 corners. It has interior angles of 162 and exterior angles of 18.

## Regular icosagon 
The *regular icosagon* has Schläfli symbol {20}, and can also be constructed as a truncated decagon, t{10}, or a twice-truncated pentagon, tt{5}. 

### Area 
The amount of space a regular icosagon takes up is

:\text{Area} = {5}a^2(1+\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5+2\sqrt{5}}).

*a* is the length of one of its sides.

## Uses
The Big Wheel on the popular US game show *The Price Is Right* has an icosagonal cross-section.

The Globe, the outdoor theater used by William Shakespeare's acting company, was discovered to have been built on an icosagonal foundation when a partial excavation was done in 1989.

As a golygonal path, the swastika is considered to be an irregular icosagon.

A regular square, pentagon, and icosagon can completely fill a plane vertex.

## Dissection
Coxeter states that every parallel-sided 2*m*-gon can be divided into m(m-1)/2 rhombs. For the icosagon, *m*=10, and it can be divided into 45: 5 squares and 4 sets of 10 rhombs. This decomposition is based on a Petrie polygon projection of a 10-cube, with 45 of 11520 faces.  The list A006245 enumerates the number of solutions as 18,410,581,880, including up to 20-fold rotations and chiral forms in reflection.

## References
*Naming Polygons and Polyhedra 
*icosagon
Easter Rising

The **Easter Rising** was a rebellion in Dublin, Ireland at Easter in 1916. It started on 24 April 1916 and ended on 29 April 1916. It was carried out by members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and members of the Irish Citizens Army. It was done to protest against the British government in Ireland. 

At first, the Irish had planned to have a larger number of men attack the city. But a man called Sir Roger Casement was captured on the way back from Germany with guns and the Irish had very few guns. As a result, only about 1,250 men took part in the rising. Out of these about 300 went into the General Post Office (GPO) in Dublin led by Pádraig Pearse and James Connolly. Other groups took over different parts of the city, for example St. Stephen's Green, Shelbourne Hotel, Boland's Mills and Jacobs Factory. At first the British put up no resistance because of Easter public holiday, but soon more of them came into Dublin to fight the Irish. 

The biggest fighting happened at Bolands Mills where Éamon de Valera had his men open fire on British soldiers called *Sherwood Foresters* while they landed in the city. The shootings here killed about 200 people and wounded several more. St. Stephen's Green was a big part of the fighting as well where the Irish lost a lot of men. After six days the Irish were exhausted and were being shot at by huge artillery pieces mounted onto a British ship called HMS Helga. The General Post Office was badly hit and soon the Irish surrendered. Sixteen of the Irish leaders were shot by firing squad after the Rising.

The British admitted that they lost 155 men to Irish gunfire and 200 were wounded. The Irish rebels lost at least 70 men and over 1,000 of them were wounded. At least 100 Irish citizens were killed in the crossfire as well. After the rising, Dublin was in very bad shape and several hundred people had been killed.

## After the rebellion 
After the Easter Rising conflict, the leaders of the rebellion were given trials in British courts and were sentenced to death. Fourteen were executed by British soldiers at Kilmainham jail in Dublin. The prisoners eyes were covered with blindfolds and they were shot. Among them were the leaders, Patrick Pearse and James Connolly.  Another leader, Thomas Kent was later shot in Cork, Ireland. Roger Casement was hanged in London, England.

At first the people in Dublin were confused and angry, because many had died and food supplies were cut off.  But after the British shot the leaders, some of the Irish people began to follow and support them in sympathy for their cause. The Easter Rising was a major reason for the creation of the Irish Republic and the Irish War of Independence.

## References
Browser game

A **browser game** is a video game that is played on a web browser. It is different from other video games in that it usually does not need any other software to be installed on the user's computer. Most games use technologies built into the web browser, such as HTML5, WebGL, and WebAssembly, with plugins, like Flash Player and Java, being more popular until the mid-2010s. Some games also need to run code on servers (meaning they do not run on the user's computer), often massively multiplayer online games.

## References
My bloody valentine

**My Bloody Valentine** may refer to:
**My Bloody Valentine* (movie), a Canadian slasher movie released in 1981
*My Bloody Valentine (band), an Irish band created in 1984
President of Serbia

The **President of Serbia** is the head of state of the Republic of Serbia. Prior to the title of President, head of state which ruled Serbia was called a King. Presently serving as the head of state is President of Serbia, **Aleksandar Vučić**. President Tadic was elected for a second term with a 50.31% majority in the 2008 Serbian presidential election. Tomislav Nikolić was President after winning the 2012 election. Aleksandar Vučić is the current President since winning the 2017 election.

## Socialist Republic of Serbia (1944–1992)
*SR Serbia* within Democratic Federal Yugoslavia and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

## Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)
*Republic of Serbia* within Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

## List of presidents
 (2)
 (4)
 (2)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)

## Living former presidents
The most recent President to die was Milan Milutinović, who died on July 2, 2023.

## References
Madagascar (disambiguation)

**Madagascar** is an island country off the eastern coast of Africa.

**Madagascar** can also mean:

* *Madagascar* (1994 movie), a Cuban movie by Fernando Pérez
* *Madagascar* (2005 movie), an American computer-animated comedy movie produced by DreamWorks Animation
* *Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa*, the 2008 sequel to the 2005 movie
* ''Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted'', the 2012 sequel to the 2008 movie
Shanti Bahini

The **Shanti Bahini** (, "Peace Force") was the name of the military wing of the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti - the United People's Party of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh.

It was formed in 1972 to preserve the rights of the tribal people in south-eastern Bangladesh, and fought for many years against the central government. It abandoned militancy following the peace treaty signed by the government and the Shamiti on December 2, 1997. Although some members opposed to the peace deal formed a dissident group.

## References
Generic top-level domain

A **generic top-level domain** (*gTLD*) is one category of internet domain with (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use on the Internet.

Now, IANA differenting next groups of Inttop-level domain:
* infrastructure top-level domain (.arpa)
* country-code top-level domains (ccTLD)
* sponsored top-level domains (sTLD)
* **generic top-level domains (gTLD)**
* **generic-restricted top-level domains**

## Generic Top-Level Domain 
A **generic top-level domain (gTLD)** is one kind of top-level domain (TLD) used on the Internet. It is part of the Domain Name System (DNS), which helps computers find websites by name.

## Types of Top-Level Domains 
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) lists these types of top-level domains:

* **Infrastructure TLD** – Example: `.arpa`
* **Country-code TLDs (ccTLDs)** – Like `.uk`, `.in`, or `.jp`
* **Sponsored TLDs (sTLDs)** – Backed by a private sponsor, such as `.edu` or `.gov`
* **Generic TLDs (gTLDs)** – Examples include `.com`, `.org`, `.net`, and newer ones like `.app`, `.tech`
* **Generic-restricted TLDs** – Like `.name` or `.pro`, where some rules apply

## New gTLD Program 
In 2012, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) allowed people and companies to apply for new gTLDs. This let organizations create domains like `.google`, `.bank`, or `.music`.

More than 1,200 new gTLDs have been added since then. ICANN plans to open a **new round of applications in 2026**, with updated rules, fees, and procedures for applying.  Post public comment the Final AGB will be published. 

## How gTLDs Are Used 
gTLDs can be used by anyone, unless rules say otherwise. Some gTLDs are open to the public, while others are private or limited to certain groups. Businesses, cities, and even individuals use gTLDs to create custom web addresses. New gTLD Applicant Guide Book will have more detailed information about the next round. 

## References
Travian

***Travian*** is a browser-based real-time strategy video game.

The aim of the game is to use the right combination of tactics to make a small village become a mighty empire, and finally build a World Wonder to level 100, which will make you the winner that round.

## References
Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla

**Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla** (; 31 May 1902 – 5 February 1953) was the musician who wrote the score for the national anthem of Pakistan, (*Qaumi Tarana*) in 1950. He was born in 1902 into a prominent Karachi family. His father, Ghulamali Chagla was the third elected president of the municipality of Karachi, serving from 1921 to 1922. Ahmad Chagla attended the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam in Karachi and took lessons in classical Indian music in 1910 and western musical composition in 1914.

## References
Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri

**Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jalandhari** () (born 14 January 1900 – 21 December 1982) was born in Jullundher, Punjab, India. After the partition of India in 1947 he moved to Lahore. He wrote the words for the national anthem of Pakistan. He also wrote the words for an anthem for Kashmir, as well as patriotic songs during the war against India in 1965.

He studied in a mosque and then in a local school to 7th grade. He then did a lot of things to further educate himself. The great Persian poet, Maulana Ghulam Qadir Bilgrami, gave him advice on writing poetry. Hafeez worked hard to earn a reputation as a poet. One of Hafeez's most famous poems is *Shahnam-e-Islam*, which tells the history of Islam in verse. His poems, written in a blend of Hindi and Urdu, are about romance, religion, patriotism and life. It is known for its gentle rhythm.

Long before Hafeez Jullundhri's lyrics were adopted as the national anthem in 1950s, Pakistan had an anthem written by Jagannath Azad, son of Lahore-based poet Tilok Chand Mahroom. Azad was asked to write the anthem three days before the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

## References
My Bloody Valentine

**My Bloody Valentine** are an Irish alternative rock band. The band started in Dublin in 1983 and ended in 1997. In 2007, the band reunited. The band's members are singer and guitarist Kevin Shields, singer and guitarist Bilinda Butcher, bassist Debbie Googe and drummer Colm Ó Cíosóig.  

My Bloody Valentine have released three studio albums. The band's first album, ''Isn't Anything*, was released in 1988 and was successful in the independent music scene in the United Kingdom. After touring for its release, the band recorded *Loveless* in nineteen different recording studios from 1989 to 1991. *Loveless'' was a success among music critics and influenced lots of other bands. The band stopped performing live in 1993 and tried to record a third album but never finished it. The band broke up in 1997 and reunited in 2007, performing shows around the world. In 2012, Kevin Shields remastered all of the My Bloody Valentine's material on Creation Records and announced plans to release a third album. The album, *m b v*, was released in 2013 and received very strong reviews from music critics. In December 2013 NME magazine put the album at number 29 in their list of 50 Best Albums Of 2013.

The band has changed their members and style of music a number of times. The band had a post-punk and gothic rock sound on their early releases and later used distortion, pitch bending, and digital reverb to create a new style of rock music called shoegazing.

## Discography
## References
## Other websites
* My Bloody Valentine website
* 
*
Weedy sea dragon

The **weedy sea dragon** or **common sea dragon**, ***Phyllopteryx taeniolatus***, is a marine fish related to the seahorse. It is the only member of the genus ***Phyllopteryx***. It is found in water 3 to 50 m deep around the south coast of Australia, from Port Stephens, New South Wales to Geraldton, Western Australia. It also found in the waters around Tasmania. Weedy sea dragons are named for the weed-like growth on their bodies. This camouflage hides them as they move among the seaweed beds where they live. The weedy sea dragon is the aquatic emblem for the state of Victoria.

## Description 
, Australia]]
Weedy sea dragons can reach 45&nbsp;cm in length. They feed on tiny crustaceans and other zooplankton, which they suck into the end of their long tube-like nose. Their tail cannot wrap around and hold on to things the way a seahorse can.  They swim in shallow reefs and weed beds, and look like weeds drifting over bare sand.

## Breeding 
Sea dragons, seahorses and pipe fish are the only species where the male carries the eggs. The male carries the fertilized eggs, joined under his tail. They stay there for about eight weeks until they . The young can look after themselves as soon as they are .

The Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California, Melbourne Aquarium in Australia, and the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga, Tennessee, are the only places in the world to have bred weedy sea dragons, though others have been able to get them to lay eggs.

## Leafy sea dragons 
A relative of the weedy sea dragon is the leafy sea dragon *Phycodurus eques*. In the November 2006, the *National Geographic* magazine, reported that marine biologist Greg Rouse is looking at the DNA of the two sea dragon species.

## References 
* 

## Other websites 
* Australian Museum Online - Leafy and Weedy Seadragons
* Leafy Seadragons and Weedy Seadragons 
* Weedy Sea Dragon Monitoring Program in Botany Bay 
* Leafy Sea Dragon Festival 
* Weedy Sea Dragon 
* Youtube Male Weedy Seadragon with eggs
* Youtube Weedy Seadragon
* Male Weedy Sea Dragon carrying eggs
Phạm Duy

**Phạm Duy** (5 October 1921 - 27 January 2013, born **Phạm Duy Cẩn**) was a Vietnamese composer. He wrote more than 1,000 songs which he divided into different periods: Folk, Heart, Spiritual, Profane, and Children's Songs.

He, along with Van Cao and Trinh Cong Son, is often called one of the most important people in modern (non-classical) Vietnamese music.

Duy died in Ho Chi Minh City from liver and heart disease at the age of 91.

## References
Guru Angad Dev

**Shri Guru Angad Dev Ji** (, 1504 - Sept 7, 1539) was one of the ten gurus who founded Sikhism. He became a Guru because of the  he showed to his Guru (Guru Nanak,the first guru in Sikh religion). Guru Angad Dev invented the present form of the Gurmukhi script.
Guru Ram Das

**Guru Ram Das** () (24 September 1534 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan – 1 September 1581, in Amritsar, Punjab, India) was the fourth of the ten Sikh Gurus on 26 March 1552. He urged Sikhs to not just sit in peace while meditating. He urged them to actively join in with other peoples fun while meditating.

Guru Ram Das nominated Guru Arjun Dev, his youngest son, as the next Guru of the Sikhs.

## Ramdaspur 
Guru Ram helped build Ramdaspur by digging a second sacred pool after being instructed to do so by Guru Amar Das. Pilgrims came from miles to hear Guru Ram preach or to help him dig the sacred pool. The sacred pool (Holy tank) was named Amristar - which means *great pool of nectar*.

## Other websites 
* Sikhs.org
* Sikh-History.com 
* AllaboutSikhs.com 
* Learn more about Sri Guru Ram Das Ji 

## References
Cosmic microwave background radiation

**Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB radiation)** is radiation in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which comes from all directions in outer space. It is known to come from our earliest infant universe. Since the universe is very large, and the speed of light is constant, we know that when the CMB light arrives from the infant universe, it arrives as the oldest signal that we can detect.

During the Big Bang, a lot of high-energy radiation was created. Then, the universe became bigger and colder. Therefore, the high-energy photons lost most of their original energy. Now, as a result, that radiation is in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum (the microwave part has quite low energy). The cosmic microwave background is the radiation that has been traveling without hitting anything ever since the time the universe became transparent, about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. 

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected the CMB radiation. Scientists think that the existence of CMB radiation is important evidence, with red shift, that the Big Bang theory is true. 

Later data is based on the Planck spacecraft operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was designed to observe differences in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infra-red frequencies, with high sensitivity and small angular resolution. The spacecraft has finished its work, but researchers are still analyzing the data. The main interest is that there is:
:"an asymmetry in the average temperatures on opposite hemispheres of the sky. This runs counter to the prediction made by the standard model that the Universe should be broadly similar in any direction we look. Furthermore, a cold spot extends over a patch of sky that is much larger than expected".

No explanation for this is known.

## References
Fabricio Coloccini

**Fabricio Coloccini** (born 22 January 1982) is a former Argentine football player.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Coloccini goal.''

## Honours
**Boca Juniors**
* Primera División: Apertura 1998, Clausura 1999

**San Lorenzo**
* Primera División: Clausura 2001

**Villarreal**
* UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2003

**Newcastle United**
* Football League Championship: 2009–10

**Argentina U20**
* FIFA World Youth Championship: 2001

**Argentina U23**
* Olympic Gold Medal: 2004

**Argentina**
* Copa América runner-up: 2004
* FIFA Confederations Cup Runner-up: 2005

**Individual**
* PFA Team of the Year: 2009–10 Championship, 2011–12 Premier League
*Newcastle United Player of the Year: 2010–11
*North-East FWA Player of the Year: 2011

## References
## Other websites
*
Juan Pablo Sorín

**Juan Pablo Sorín** (born 5 May 1976) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Sorín goal.''

## Honours
**Juventus**
*UEFA Champions League: 1995-96

**River Plate**
*Argentine Primera División: 1996 Apertura, 1997 Clausura, 1997 Apertura, 1999 Apertura
*Copa Libertadores: 1996
*Supercopa Libertadores: 1997

**Cruzeiro**
*Copa do Brasil: 2000
*Campeonato Mineiro: 2009
*Copa Sul-Minas: 2001, 2002

**Paris Saint-Germain**
*Coupe de France: 2003–04

**Argentina U20**
*FIFA World Youth Championship: 1995
*Pan American Games: 1995

**Argentina**
*Copa América runner-up: 2004
*FIFA Confederations Cup runner-up: 2005

**Individual**
*South American Team of the Year: 1996, 2000, 2001
*Bola de Prata: 2000
*UNFP Player of the Month: April 2004
*IFFHS Argentina All Times Dream Team (Team C): 2021

## References
Gabriel Heinze

**Gabriel Iván Heinze** (; born 19 April 1978) is an Argentine football coach and former player who is currently an assistant manager of Premier League club Arsenal.

## Club career statistics 
### International
**Appearances and goals by national team and year**

**International goals**
|-
| 1 || 17 August 2005 || Ferenc Puskás, Budapest, Hungary ||  || 1–**2** || 1–2 || Friendly||
|-
| 2 || 11 July 2007 || Polideportivo Cachamay, Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela ||  || 0–**1** || 0–3 || 2007 Copa América||
|-
| 3 || 12 June 2010 || Ellis Park, Johannesburg, South Africa ||  || **1**–0 || 1–0 || 2010 FIFA World Cup||

## Managerial statistics
## References
Esteban Cambiasso

**Esteban Cambiasso** (born 18 August 1980) is a former Argentine football player. He made 52 appearances for the Argentinian national team, scoring 5 goals.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Cambiasso goal''.

## Honours
**River Plate**
*Argentine Primera División: Clausura 2002

**Real Madrid**
*La Liga: 2002–03

**Inter Milan**
*Serie A: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10
*FIFA World Youth Championship: 1997

**Argentina**
* Copa América runner-up: 2007
* FIFA Confederations Cup Runner-up: 2005

**Individual**
*ESM Team of the Year: 2005–06
*Pirata d'Oro (Inter Milan Player of the Year): 2005
*FIFA FIFPro World XI nominee: 2010
*Leicester City Player of the Year: 2014–15
*Inter Milan Hall of Fame: 2020

## References
Lionel Scaloni

**Lionel Scaloni** (born 16 May 1978) is an Argentine football manager and former player. He has played for Argentina national team.

## Career statistics 
### International 
## Managerial statistics 
## Honours 
### Player 
**Deportivo La Coruña**
* La Liga: 1999–2000
* Copa del Rey: 2001–02
* Supercopa de España: 2000, 2002

**West Ham United**
* FA Cup runner-up: 2005–06

**Argentina U20**
* FIFA World Youth Championship: 1997

### Manager 
**Argentina U20**
* 2018 COTIF Tournament
**Argentina**
* FIFA World Cup: 2022
* Copa América: 2021; third place: 2019
* CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions: 2022
**Individual**
* IFFHS Men's World's Best National Coach: 2022

* The Best FIFA Men's Coach: 2022

* South American Coach of the Year: 2022

* Panchina d'Oro: 2023

## References
Gabriel Milito

**Gabriel Milito** (born 7 September 1980)  an Argentine former footballer who played as a centre-back and is currently a manager.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
(Argentina score listed first, score column indicates score after each Milito goal)

## Honours
**Independiente**
*Argentine Primera División: Apertura 2002

**Zaragoza**
*Copa del Rey: 2003–04
*Supercopa de España: 2004

**Barcelona**
*La Liga: 2009–10, 2010–11
*Supercopa de España: 2010
*UEFA Champions League: 2010–11
*Copa del Rey runner-up: 2010–11

**Argentina**
* Copa América runner-up: 2007
* FIFA Confederations Cup Runner-up: 2005

**Individual**
*Argentine Footballer of the Year: 2002
*South American Team of the Year: 2002

## Managerial statistics
## References
Leandro Cufré

**Leandro Damián Cufré** (born 9 May 1978) is an Argentine football coach and former player who played as a defender. As of 2021, he has been the assistant coach of the Venezuela national football team.

## Career statistics 
### Club 
|-
|1996–97||rowspan="6"|Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata||rowspan="6"|Primera División||11||0
|-
|1997–98||25||0
|-
|1998–99||25||0
|-
|1999–2000||33||2
|-
|2000–01||36||2
|-
|2001–02||2||0

|-
|2002–03||Roma||Serie A||8||0
|-
|2003–04||Siena||Serie A||31||0
|-
|2004–05||rowspan="2"|Roma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||32||0
|-
|2005–06||28||1

|-
|2006–07||rowspan="3"|Monaco||rowspan="3"|Ligue 1||20||0
|-
|2007–08||25||1
|-
|2008–09||15||3

|-
|2008–09||Hertha Berlin||Bundesliga||5||0

|-
|2009–10||Dinamo Zagreb||Prva HNL||||
132||4
99||1
60||4
5||0
0||0
296||9

### International 
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

## Honours
**Dinamo Zagreb**
*Croatian First League: 2009–10, 2010–11
*Croatian Cup: 2010–11

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Javier Mascherano

**Javier Alejandro Mascherano** (born 8 June 1984) is a former Argentine footballer and current manager. He played as a center-back or a defensive midfielder. He has played for Liverpool, Barcelona, and the Argentina national team. Since 2024, he has been the head coach of Inter Miami in Major League Soccer.

## Career statistics
### Club
**Notes**

### International
### International goals
## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Player 
**River Plate**
* Argentine Primera División: 2003–04 Clausura

**Corinthians**
*Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2005

**Liverpool**
*UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2006–07

**Barcelona**
* La Liga: 2010–11, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16
* Copa del Rey: 2011–12, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17
* Supercopa de España: 2011, 2013, 2016
* UEFA Champions League: 2010–11, 2014–15
* UEFA Super Cup: 2011, 2015
* FIFA Club World Cup: 2011, 2015

**Argentina**
* FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2014
* Copa América runner-up: 2004, 2007, 2015, 2016
* Olympic Gold Medal: 2004, 2008
* CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament: 2004

**Individual**
* Copa América Team of the Tournament: 2015, 2016
* UEFA Champions League Team of the Season: 2014–15
* FC Barcelona Player of the Season (Trofeo Aldo Rovira): 2013–14
* FIFA FIFPro Men's World XI 3rd team: 2015
* FIFA FIFPro Men's World XI 4th team: 2014
* FIFA FIFPro Men's World XI 5th team: 2016, 2017
* Toulon Tournament Best Player: 2003
* South American Team of the Year: 2004, 2005
* IFFHS CONMEBOL team of the decade 2011–2020

### Manager 
**Argentina U20**
* 2022 COTIF Tournament
**Inter Miami**
* Supporters' Shield (2024)
* MLS Cup (2025)

## Footnotes 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Leo Franco

**Leo Franco** (born 20 May 1977) is an Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.

## Club career statistics 
## International career statistics
## Managerial statistics
## Honours
**Mallorca**
*Copa del Rey: 2002–03

**Argentina**
*FIFA World Youth Championship: 1997

## References
Julio Ricardo Cruz

**Julio Ricardo Cruz** (born 10 October 1974) is an Argentine former football player. He has played for Argentina national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
|-
|1993–94||rowspan="4"|Banfield||rowspan="4"|Primera División||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|1994–95||26||6||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||6
|-
|1995–96||33||10||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||10
|-
|1996–97||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1996–97||River Plate||Primera División||30||17||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||17

|-
|1997–98||rowspan="4"|Feyenoord Rotterdam||rowspan="4"|Eredivisie||27||14||colspan="2"|-||6||3||33||17
|-
|1998–99||29||15||colspan="2"|-||2||0||31||15
|-
|1999–00||30||15||colspan="2"|-||8||3||38||18
|-
|2000–01||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||1||0

|-
|2000–01||rowspan="3"|Bologna||rowspan="3"|Serie A||27||7||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||7
|-
|2001–02||33||10||2||2||colspan="2"|-||35||12
|-
|2002–03||28||10||1||0||6||1||35||11
|-
|2003–04||rowspan="6"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="6"|Serie A||21||7||4||3||10||1||35||11
|-
|2004–05||18||5||6||2||8||2||32||9
|-
|2005–06||31||15||8||2||6||4||45||21
|-
|2006–07||15||7||4||2||4||3||23||12
|-
|2007–08||28||13||3||4||6||2||37||19
|-
|2008–09||17||2||1||0||5||1||23||3
|-
|2009–10||Lazio||Serie A|||||||||||||||
94||33||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||94||33
86||44||colspan="2"|-||17||6||103||50
216||76||30||15||45||14||291||105
396||153||30||15||62||20||488||188
|}

### International
|-
|1997||5||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||2||1
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||4||0
|-
|2002||1||1
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||2||1
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||5||0
|-
!Total||22||3
|}

**International goals**

''Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first.**

## Honours
**River Plate**
*Argentine Primera: 1996, 1997

**Feyenoord'''

## References
Nicolás Burdisso

**Nicolás Andrés Burdisso** (born 12 April 1981) is an Argentine sporting director and former professional footballer who played as a centre back.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International 
**International goals**

''Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first.''

## Honours
**Boca Juniors**
*Primera División: 2000 Apertura, 2003 Apertura
*Copa Libertadores: 2000, 2001, 2003
*Intercontinental Cup: 2000, 2003

**Inter Milan**
*Serie A: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
*Coppa Italia: 2004–05, 2005–06
*Supercoppa Italiana: 2005, 2006, 2008

**Argentina U20**
*FIFA U-20 World Cup: 2001

**Argentina U23**
*Summer Olympics: 2004
*CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament: 2004

**Argentina**
* Copa América runner-up: 2007

**Individual**
*Coppa Italia top-scorer: 2006–07

## References
## Other websites
*Official Website  (nicolasburdisso.com )
*Stats and profile (footballdatabase.com)
*inter.it profile
Oscar Ustari

**Oscar Ustari** (born 3 July 1986) is an Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.

## Career statistics 
### Club
### International 
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
Peter Pan

's novel *Peter and Wendy*. It was first published in 1911. The drawing is by F. D. Bedford.]]
**Peter Pan** is a fictional character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie (1860–1937). He is a magical boy who can fly and who refuses to grow up. Peter Pan spends his never-ending childhood playing on the small island of Neverland as the leader of his gang, the Lost Boys. He and Tinker Bell, who is a fairy, are always together. His mortal enemy is called Captain Hook and he sails on a pirate ship called the Jolly Roger crewed by the evilest band of pirates imaginable. By thinking of happy thoughts, Peter Pan can fly!

Disney movie
Ashbourne

**Ashbourne** is a small town in the county of Derbyshire in England. 7,000 people live there. Ashbourne is known for a football match where one half of the town plays the other at football, using the whole of the town with the goals three miles apart.

## Tourism 
A walk and cycle path starts on the northern part of the town, and follows the course of the former railway to Buxton. The walk is called the *Tissington Trail*.

## References
Ittifaq Party

'*The Party of Tatar National Independence *İttifaq*** or ***Ittifak'''* (,  ) is a political party. 
## History
It was founded in the Tatar ASSR in April, 1990, and officially registered on January 3, 1992. Ittifaq was the first non-communist party in Tatarstan.  It is commonly referred to as a Tatar nationalist party.  It was named in honour of Ittifaq al-Muslimin, a pre-revolutionary Muslim political party represented in the parliament (Duma) of the czarist Russia.
## Goals
The goals, as claimed by the party, are:
* revival of the Tatar nation
* restoring Tatar statehood
* recognition of the Tatar state as an international entity.
## Leadership
The permanent leader of the Ittifaq party is Fäwziä Bäyrämova. She has been leading the party for more than 20 years.
## Publications
The party published its own newspaper - *Altın Urda'' - from 1993 to 1998.

## References
Madagascar (1994 movie)

***Madagascar*** is a 1994 Cuban movie directed by  Fernando Pérez. It marked his change of direction into a more lyrical approach to moviemaking, somehow stripped from the realistic documentary feel of his early work. The movie is about the relationship and lack of communication between a mother and daughter during the Cuban economic crisis known as the Special Period.

The movie stars the voices of Elena Bolaños, Rolando Díaz, Daniel Díaz Torres, Zaida Castellanos, and Laura De la Uz.

## Awards 
* Berlin International Film Festival - Caligari Film Award	
* Festróia - Tróia International Film Festival - Golden Dolphin	
* Fribourg International Film Festival - Grand Prix	
* Havana Film Festival - ARCI-NOVA Award  Fernando Pérez 
* Cuban Press Association Award - FIPRESCI Prize - Special Mention - Special Jury Prize	
* Sundance Film Festival - Latin America Cinema Award

## Other websites 
*
Naegleria fowleri

***Naegleria fowleri*** is a free-living form of protist typically found in warm fresh water, from 25–35 degrees Celsius. It belongs to a group called the Percolozoa or Heterolobosea.

*N. fowleri* can invade and attack the human nervous system; although this occurs rarely, such an infection will nearly always result in the death of the victim.
June McCarroll

**June Hill Robertson McCarroll** (June 30, 1867 — March 30, 1954) was a nurse (later a physician) with the Southern Pacific Railroad in the early twentieth century.  She has been credited by Caltrans with the idea of using a painted line to separate lanes of traffic on a highway.  This is now in use all over the world.

The Principal Architectural Historian from Caltrans said “I am not aware of any Caltrans document that specifically credits any individual with initiating painted highway stripes in California” 

McCarroll was born and raised in the Adirondacks. She attended a medical college in Chicago.  She moved to Southern California in 1904 with her first husband, John Robertson.  They had hoped that the desert climate would help him with his tuberculosis, but Robertson died in 1914.  She later married Frank McCarroll, the local station manager for the Southern Pacific Railroad.  From 1907 to 1916, she was the only physician regularly practicing in the vast desert between the Salton Sea and Palm Springs.  She was also the only physician serving the area's five Indian reservations for the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

In the fall of 1917, McCarroll was driving on the road leading to her office near Indio, California on a stretch of highway that would later become part of U.S. Route 99.  Today, that part of the highway is part of Indio Boulevard.  She was literally run off the road by a truck, as she recalled many years later: 
:My Model T Ford and I found ourselves face to face with a truck on the paved highway.  It did not take me long to choose between a sandy berth [sic] to the right and a ten-ton truck to the left! Then I had my idea of a white line painted down the center of the highways of the country as a safety measure.

McCarroll soon told her idea to the local chamber of commerce and the Riverside County Board of Supervisors, but no one listened.  Finally, she took it upon herself to hand-paint a white stripe down the middle of the road.  This would later help drivers since they could now easily see the actual width of the lane and keep accidents like Nurse McCarroll's from happening again.  Through the Indio Women's Club and many similar women's groups, Nurse McCarroll launched a statewide letter writing campaign to tell of her proposal. In November 1924, the idea was adopted by the California Highway Commission and 3,500 miles of lines were painted at a cost of $163,000. It would not be long before the idea was adopted worldwide.

A memorial plaque to Dr. McCarroll may be found at the intersection of Indio Boulevard and Flower Street in Indio, California. On April 24, 2002, to honor her contribution to road safety, the State of California named the stretch of Interstate 10 near Indio east of the Indio Boulevard/Jefferson Street exit as "The Doctor June McCarroll Memorial Freeway."  To find the plaque with a GPS system, the coordinates are 33º43.260 N, 116º13.040 W.

## References
## Other websites
*Doctor June Hill Robertson McCarroll             biography
Milton Keynes Lightning

**Milton Keynes Lightning** are a ice hockey team based in Milton Keynes. They play in the English Premier Ice Hockey League.

## References
King's Cross station

'''King's Cross''' station is a railway station in London. It is also home to the King's Cross St. Pancras tube station of the Underground network, which it shares its name from the nearby St Pancras station. Kings Cross is one of the busiest London termini and the UK as a whole coverage, with 25 million passengers using that in 2024 alone, along Liverpool Street station.

## History 
King's Cross railway station first opened in 1852.
Plans to make the station were made as early as 1848 by George Turnbull. A detailed design was made by Lewis Cubitt. In 1987, 31 people were killed in a fire.

## Location 
The station is located on the north-eastern edge of Central London, where the A501 Euston Road and York Way cross. It is in the Kings Cross district, within the London Borough of Camden, and on the border of the London Borough of Islington.

King's Cross forms the southern terminus of the East Coast Main Line, one of the UK's major railway stations. It was the major terminus of the LNER: the London and North-Eastern Railway Ltd. Immediately to its west is St Pancras station, the terminus for international Eurostar trains.

## References
Sakhalin

**Sakhalin** (, ; Japanese:  or ;  or 薩哈林/萨哈林 *Sàhālín*), also known as **Saghalien**, is a large, long Russian island in the North Pacific, placed between 45°50' and 54°24'&nbsp;N.  It is part of Russia territory and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Sakhalin Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs. Most Ainu relocated to Hokkaidō when Japanese were gone from the island in 1949.

The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War resulted a Japanese victory when the Imperial Russian Navy and the Imperial Russian Army got defeated by the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1905 when the Empire Of Japan led by Emperor Meiji declared war on Tsar Nicholas II in 1904 when Trans-Siberian railway was to built more Railway Tracks in Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty and Korea . Japan took the southern part of Sakhalin and renamed it to South Sakhalin and control it from 1905-1945 .

In August 1945 during the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War 2 in Asia the Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin invaded South Sakhalin after he invaded Manchukuo this war would be known as the Soviet-Japanese War Of 1945 .

Sakhalin is the subject of a whole book by Anton Chekhov (1895), reprinted in many Russian editions of his collected works. It has been translated into English. Of other old books, there is an interesting one by an Englishman, Charles H. Hawes, To the Uttermost East. (N.Y.: Scribner;s, 1904). Now, however, the island is experiencing an oil boom.

## References 
## Other websites
*An old map of Sakhalin and 2 other islands from 1854
Sopwith Camel

The **Sopwith Camel** was a British World War I fighter biplane, it was famous for its poor flight quality and difficulty of handling.

The Sopwith Camel entered service in June 1917.

Unlike many biplanes, the Camel was unpleasant to fly. The Camel could manoeuvre well because of the placement of the engine, pilot, guns, and fuel tank, but controlling the engine torque made flying it difficult and dangerous.

The Camel soon had a bad reputation with pilots. The engine was sensitive to fuel mixture control, and wrong settings caused the engine to cut out during takeoff. Many crashed due to mishandling on takeoff when a full fuel tank affected the center of gravity. As well as this, the Camel was also known for its bad spinning characteristics, where any stall resulted in an uncontrollable spin.

The Camel had better guns and better performance compared to other biplanes. Its controls were light and sensitive. The Camel was one of the best-remembered Allied aircraft of the First World War. 
The Camel was credited with shooting down 1,294 enemy aircraft, more than any other Allied fighter.

By 1918 better aircraft had been invented, faster and with better high altitude performance. The camel soon became a ground-attack and infantry support aircraft. When fighting Germans in March 1918, flights of Camels stopped the advancing German Army. Because of this the Camel remained in service until the  (ceasefire).
Maxi Rodríguez

**Maxi Rodríguez** (born 2 January 1981) is a former Argentine football player.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
Appearances and goals by years:

:Argentina score listed first, score column indicates score after each Rodríguez goal. Sign ‡ indicates goals scored from a penalty kick.

## Honours
**Liverpool**
*Football League Cup: 2011–12
*FA Cup runner-up: 2011–12

'''Newell's Old Boys**
*Argentine Primera División: 2013 Final

**Peñarol**
*Uruguayan Primera División: 2017, 2018
*Supercopa Uruguaya: 2018

**Argentina U20**
*FIFA U-20 World Cup: 2001

**Argentina**
*FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2014
*FIFA Confederations Cup runner-up: 2005

**Individual'''
*Copa del Rey top scorer: 2009–10
*Footballer of the Year of Argentina: 2013
*Argentine Primera División top scorer: 2014

## References
Anne, Princess Royal

**Anne, Princess Royal**,  (born Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; 15 August 1950), is a member of the British royal family. She is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. She is the only sister of King Charles III. Anne is 16th in the line of succession to the British throne. She has been Princess Royal since 1987.

Anne was born at Clarence House in London.  She married Captain Mark Phillips in 1973, and had two children, Peter Phillips and Zara Phillips. They separated in 1989 and later divorced. The Princess married Commander Timothy Laurence RN in 1993.

Ian Ball tried to kidnap (take) the Princess in 1974, but was stopped by her bodyguard and the public. Ball was not sent to prison, but to a mental hospital. Anne is 16th in line to the throne of the United Kingdom, after the two younger brothers, six nieces and nephews, two grand-nephews, and one grand-niece. She is often called the hardest-working member of the British Royal Family.

## Titles 
* 15 August 1950 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness Princess Anne of Edinburgh 
* 15 November 1973 – 13 June 1987: Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne, Mrs Mark Phillips
* 13 June 1987 – present: Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal

## Issue
## References
Lucho González

**Lucho González** (born 19 January 1981) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Olympique Marseille and Argentina national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
|-
| 1 || 31 January 2003 || Olímpico Metropolitano, San Pedro Sula, Honduras || || 1–2 || 1–3 || Friendly || 
|-
| 2 || 8 February 2003 || Orange Bowl, Miami, United States ||  || 0–1 || 0–1 || Friendly || 
|-
| 3 || 7 July 2004 || Elías Aguirre, Chiclayo, Peru ||  || 6–1 || 6–1 || 2004 Copa América || 
|-
| 4 || 20 July 2004 || Estadio Nacional, Lima, Peru ||  || 2–0 || 3–0 || 2004 Copa América || 
|-
| 5 || 9 October 2004 || Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires, Argentina ||  || 1–0 || 4–2 || 2006 World Cup qualification || 
|-
| 6 || 1 April 2009 || Hernando Siles, La Paz, Bolivia ||  || 1–6 || 1–6 || 2010 World Cup qualification || 

## Coaching statistics
## Honours
### Club
]]
**Huracán**
*Primera B Nacional: 2000

**River Plate**
*Argentine Primera División: Clausura 2003, Clausura 2004
*Copa Libertadores: 2015

**Athletico Paranaense**
*Copa do Brasil: 2019 2007

### Individual
*Copa América Team of the Tournament: 2004
*South American Team of the Year: 2004
*Portuguese Golden Ball: 2009
*SJPF Player of the Month: October 2007
*FC Porto Player of the Year: 2006
*UNFP Player of the Month: April 2010

## References
Carlisle, Massachusetts

**Carlisle** is a small town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As of 2025, Its population was 5,192

## History
Carlisle was first settled in 1651. It became a part of Concord in 1780. It became a town in 1805. When people first starting to live at Carlisle, it belonged to Acton, Billerica, Chelmford and Concord.

## Geography
Carlisle is about eight miles south-southwest of Lowell, and 23 miles northwest of Boston.

## References 
*History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, compiled by Samuel Adams Drake, published 1879. Volume 1, page 359 Carlisle by B.F.Heald.

## Other websites
*carlislema.gov, the official Town of Carlisle website
*carlisle.org, a volunteer-run Carlisle community website
*The Carlisle Mosquito, the town newspaper
*Carlisle Conservation Foundation
*Carlisle Public School
Geordi La Forge

**Geordi La Forge** is a character in the series *Star Trek: The Next Generation*. He is played by LeVar Burton.

## Character Story 
Geordi was born blind and must wear a VISOR to help him see. Geordi was born on February 16, 2335. His parents were Silva La Forge and Edward M. La Forge. He also had a sister. He went to the Zefram Cochrane High School. He later went to Starfleet Academy from 2353 to 2357. He was assigned as an ensign in the USS *Victory*.
Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh

**Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh**,  (Edward Antony Richard Louis; born 10 March 1964) is the youngest child of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and thus a member of the British Royal Family. He is also a brother of King Charles III. He married Sophie Rhys-Jones (born 20 January 1965) on 19 June 1999, the day he was made Earl of Wessex. On 10 March 2023, he was made the Duke of Edinburgh. They have two children James, Earl of Wessex and Lady Louise Windsor.

## Background 
He was born at Buckingham Palace in London, and is the third son and fourth child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was third in the line of succession to the thrones of ten independent states; however, after additions to the Royal Family, and an evolution of the Commonwealth, Edward is currently eleventh in line to the thrones of 16 countries. 

He lives in the United Kingdom. He also helps govern in other countries where his brother is king.

Titles and Styles 

10 March 1964-19 June 1999: His Royal Highness The Prince Edward

19 June 1999-10 March 2019: His Royal Highness The Earl of Wessex

10 March 2019-10 March 2023: His Royal Highness The Earl of Wessex and Forfar 

10 March 2023:-present His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh

## References
Methanol

**Methanol**, or **methyl alcohol**, is the simplest alcohol: CH3OH. It has similarities to ethanol (the alcohol humans drink) but is very toxic. The toxicity takes hours, however, so antidotes can prevent the damage such as permanent blindness or death. 

Methanol is used as fuel additive, as a solvent, and in the chemical industry. It is sometimes called "wood alcohol" because it was formerly made from wood. Methanol is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor that is very similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol).