open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Alaska Interior

The **Alaska Interior** covers most of the U.S. state's territory. It is largely wilderness. Mountains include Mount McKinley (Denali) in the Alaska Range, the Wrangell Mountains, and the Ray Mountains.

The largest city in the interior is Fairbanks, which is Alaska's second-largest city. Other towns include North Pole, Eagle, Tok, Glennallen, Delta Junction, Nenana, Anderson, Healy and Cantwell.

## Climate 
Temperatures in Interior Alaska change a lot between the seasons. Winter temperatures in Fairbanks are usually around −12 °F (−24 °C) and summer temperatures  are around 62 °F (17 °C). Temperatures there can get as low as −65 °F (−54 °C) in mid-winter, and as high as 99 °F (37 °C) in summer. Both the highest and lowest temperature records for the state were set in the Interior, with 100 °F (38 °C) in Fort Yukon and −80 °F (−64 °C) in Prospect Creek. Temperatures within a given winter can ghange a lot also. Long cold snaps can be followed by sudden warmth with temperatures above freezing.  this is because of changes in the  wind.

Summers can be warm and dry for a long time. This can make it easy for wildfires to start. Weak thunderstorms can produce lightning that starts a fire. These fires are often left to burn if they are far away from where people live. The 2004 season had the most fires. Over  were burned.
]]
The average annual precipitation in Fairbanks is 11.3&nbsp;inches (28.7&nbsp;cm).  Most of this is snow during the winter.  Most storms in the interior of Alaska originate in the Gulf of Alaska. Most of these storms are  blocked or weakened by passing over the mountains. 

The months from May to July in the summer have no darkness at night. They only have a twilight during the night hours. The months of November to January are the other way around. They have little daylight.  It is light for about 21 hours every day between May 10 and August 2. It is light less than four hours each day between November 18 and January 24. On clear winter nights, the aurora borealis, or "Northern lights" can often be seen dancing in the sky.
A lot of the ground in the Interior has permafrost, meaning that there is a layer of soil that is always frozen.

File:Denalifromdenali.JPG|Denali seen from a distance of 
File:Gulkanaglacier.JPG|Gulkana Glacier
File:Roundtanglelake.JPG|The Tangle Lakes are popular with people using canoes

## References
The Bends

***The Bends*** is an album by the band Radiohead. It was released in April 1995.

## Track listing
All songs written by Radiohead.

#"Planet Telex" – 4:19
#"The Bends" – 4:06
#"High and Dry" – 4:17
#"Fake Plastic Trees" – 4:50
#"Bones" – 3:09
#"(Nice Dream)" – 3:53
#"Just" – 3:54
#"My Iron Lung" – 4:36
#"Bullet Proof..I Wish I Was" – 3:28
#"Black Star" – 4:07
#"Sulk" – 3:42
#"Street Spirit (Fade Out)" – 4:12

## References
Pablo Honey

***Pablo Honey*** is an album by the English alternative rock band Radiohead. It was released in April 1993. Three singles were released from it. "Creep" was released in 1992 and was not successful. In 1993 it was released again and became popular around the world. The album reached No.22 in the UK charts. In 2009 the album was re-released with an extra CD of demos and live songs.

## Track listing
All songs written by Radiohead.

# "You" – 3:29
# "Creep" – 3:56
# "How Do You?" – 2:12
# "Stop Whispering" – 5:26
# "Thinking About You" – 2:41
# "Anyone Can Play Guitar" – 3:38
# "Ripcord" – 3:10
# "Vegetable" – 3:13
# "Prove Yourself" – 2:25
# "I Can't" – 4:13
# "Lurgee" – 3:08
# "Blow Out" – 4:40

## References
The King of Limbs

***The King of Limbs*** is an album by the band Radiohead. It was released in 2011. No singles were released from the album, but a video was released for "Lotus Flower". The album got good reviews from critics. PopMatters gave it 9/10 and called it "a beautiful record". It was nominated for five Grammy Awards.

## Track listing
#"Bloom" – 5:15
#"Morning Mr Magpie" – 4:41
#"Little by Little" – 4:27
#"Feral" – 3:13
#"Lotus Flower" – 5:01
#"Codex" – 4:47
#"Give Up the Ghost" – 4:50
#"Separator" – 5:20

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official *The King of Limbs* website
Absolution

:*The article about the Muse album can be found at Absolution (album)*
**Absolution** is the name of a sacrament of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican and Lutheran churches. Using absolution, a priest or the church can forgive a sin, after confession.
Grace Under Fire

***Grace Under Fire*** was an American television sitcom which aired on ABC between 1993 and 1998. It was part of a wave of 1980s-1990s television shows built around a comedian. Brett Butler starred as Grace, a divorced single mother with three children. This was the highest rated new show for its first season. It was distributed through the Carsey-Werner Company.
Christian de Duve

**Christian René Marie Joseph, Viscount de Duve** (2 October 1917 &ndash; 4 May 2013) was a Belgian biochemist. The son of Belgian refugees during the First World War, de Duve was born in Thames Ditton, Surrey, England. His family returned to Belgium in 1920. He was educated by the Jesuits at Our Lady College, Antwerp, and studied medicine at the Catholic University of Louvain. Upon earning his MD in 1941, he joined research in chemistry, working on insulin and its role in diabetes mellitus. His thesis earned him the highest university degree  (equivalent to PhD) in 1945.

De Duve was granted the rank of Viscount in 1989 by King Baudouin of Belgium.

Duve won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974. He discovered two cell organelles, lysosomes and peroxisomes. He described them, and was the first to investigate their functions. Duve shared the Nobel prize with Albert Claude and George E. Palade.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

De Duve died in Grez-Doiceau, Belgium, on 4 May 2013, when he asked that his life be ended through euthanasia.

## Early life and education
De Duve was born of an estate agent Alphonse de Duve and wife Madeleine Pungs in the village of Thames Ditton, near London. His parents fled Belgium at the outbreak of the First World War. After the war in 1920, at age three, he and his family returned to Belgium. He was a precocious boy, always the best student (*primus perpetuus* as he recalled) in school, except for one year when he was pronounced "out of competition" to give chance to other students. He wanted to specialize in endocrinology and joined the laboratory of the Belgian physiologist Joseph P. Bouckaert, whose primary interest was one insulin. During his last year at medical school in 1940, the Germans invaded Belgium. He was drafted to the Belgian army, and posted in southern France as medical officer. There, he was almost immediately taken as prisoner of war by Germans. His ability to speak fluent German and Flemish helped him outwit his captors. He escaped back to Belgium in an adventure he later described as "more comical than heroic".

## References
## Other websites 
*
Eric Kandel

**Eric Richard Kandel** (born 7 November 1929) is an American neuropsychiatrist of Jewish descent. He was a professor of biochemistry and biophysics.

He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1999, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for describing the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. Kandel shared the Nobel Prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard.

Kandel was born in Vienna. He migrated to Brooklyn, New York City in 1939, the year after the Anschluss when Austria was made part of Nazi Germany. In 1956, he married sociologist Denise Kandel. They have two children.

## References
Corvus (constellation)

**Corvus** is a small constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for raven or crow. It has only 11 stars that can be seen without a telescope. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy. However, he only included 7 stars. Corvus is one of the 88 modern constellations.

## Special  features
### Stars
Four principal stars, δ, γ, ε, and β Crv, make a group of stars called "Spica's Spanker" or "the Sail".

31 Crateris (which was originally numbered in Crater) is a 5.2 magnitude star which was once mistaken for a moon of Mercury.

## Deep sky objects
Corvus has no Messier objects.

The Antennae galaxies are made up of two galaxies that are colliding, NGC 4038 and NGC 4039. It has a heart shape as seen from Earth. The name name comes from the huge tidal tails that come off the ends of the two galaxies.

There is a planetary nebula NGC 4361 at the center of Corvus.  The nebula looks like a small elliptical galaxy, but it is not. The center star is only magnitude 13, so it cannot be a large galaxy.

## Mythology
*The story of Corvus is related to two other constellation, Crater and Hydra.*

Once the crow had beautiful silver or snowy white feathers and could speak to humans. The crow was a very special bird for the god Apollo. When Apollo's lover Coronis was pregnant, Apollo told the raven to watch over her. Coronis slowly lost interest in Apollo and was attracted to a human. The crow had been spying on her secretly. He told Apollo that Coronis had a new lover. Apollo was so angry that he turned the loyal raven's feathers black and took away the bird's ability to speak. Coronis was killed by Apollo's twin sister Artemis. The child of Coronis and Apollo lived. He then became Asclepius, the god of medicine and healing.

In another story, Apollo sent his raven to get some water in the god's cup called the Crater. The raven waited for some figs to become ripe and ate them. He came back very late with a water snake called a Hydra and the water in the cup. The foolish raven said he was late because of the water snake. Apollo was not tricked. He put the raven in the sky along with the water snake and the cup. The snake stops the thirsty raven from getting to the water in the cup. The raven can see the water, just out of reach.

### Origins
Corvus is similar to the Babylonian raven (MUL.UGA.MUSHEN). The Babylonians also put the raven sitting on the tail of a snake. The Babylonian constellation was special to the god Adad. Adad was the god of rain and storms. In the time of the Babylonians, the constellation would have risen just before the start of the autum rainy season.

## Notes
## References
*Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). *Stars and Planets Guide*, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .
*Richard Hinckley Allen, *Star Names, Their Lore and Legend*, New York, Dover.
*Thomas Wm. Hamilton, *Useful Star Names*, Viewlex, Holbrook, New York, 1968.

## Other websites
*Hawaiian Astronomical Society
*Chandra X-ray Observatory
*Constellations of Words
*The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Corvus
*Star Tales – Corvus and Crater
Dolores Claiborne (movie)

***Dolores Claiborne*** is a 1995 American crime drama movie set in Maine. Kathy Bates plays the title character. Also starring in the movie is Jennifer Jason Leigh, who plays her daughter. Dolores is accused of murdering her employer, an elderly woman. Dolores is also accused of murdering her husband. He was a violent alcoholic sexually abusing her daughter.

This movie is based on Stephen King's novel of the same name.

## Other websites 
*
Drillbit Taylor

***Drillbit Taylor*** is a 2008 comedy movie that was produced by Judd Apatow and Susan Arnold and directed by Steven Brill. The movie was the last movie written by John Hughes before he died on August 6, 2009. It was released on February 8, 2008.

## Cast 
* Owen Wilson as Bob "Drillbit" Taylor
* Nate Hartley as Wade
* Troy Gentile as Ryan Anderson
* David Dorfman as Emmit Oosterhaus
* Alex Frost as Terry Filkins
* Josh Peck as Ronnie Lampenelli
* Leslie Mann as Lisa Zachey
* Danny R. McBride as Don Armstrong
* Stephen Root as Principal Neville Doppler
* Ian Roberts as Jim
* Lisa Lampanelli as Mrs. Lampanelli
* Lisa Ann Walter as Delores Anderson
* Hynden Walch as Mrs. Oosterhaus
* Valerie Tian as Brooke Nguyen
* David Bowe as the male teacher.
* Beth Littleford as Barbara Drennan
* Steve Bannos as Coffee Computer Guy
* Chuck Liddell as Himself
* Robert Allen Mukes as Bonecrusher
* Adam Baldwin as Ricky Linderman
* Cedric Yarbrough as Bernie Hodge
* Tichina Arnold as Photography teacher
* Kevin Hart as Pawn Shop Guy 1
* Matt Besser as Pawn Shop Guy 2
* David Koechner  as Frightened Dad (unrated version)
* Shaun Weiss as the Bus Driver

## Other websites 
*Official website 
*
Canary

The **canary** (*Serinus canaria*), also called the **island canary**, **Atlantic canary** or **common canary**, is a small passerine bird. It belongs to the genus *Serinus* in the finch family. It is native to the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Madeira. Wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back. The species is common in captivity. Different colour varieties have been bred. Canaries are domestic birds. They are popular pets. 

Nesting
Canary nests are small and cup-shaped, and the birds build them several feet off the ground in a shrub or a tree. Both members of the pair build the nest, usually with a variety of twigs, sticks, grasses, and more. Females lay an average of three or four eggs per clutch.
Jackie Wilson

**Jack Leroy "Jackie" Wilson, Jr.** (June 9, 1934 – January 21, 1984) was an American singer and performer. He was called "**Mr. Excitement**".  Wilson helped to change rhythm and blues into soul. He was a master showman, and a dynamic singer. He was a member of the R&B vocal group Billy Ward and His Dominoes.  On his own, beginning in 1957, he recorded over 50 hit singles.  These songs included R&B, pop, soul, doo-wop and easy listening. During a 1975 benefit concert, he collapsed on-stage from a heart attack.  Then he  fell into a coma.  The coma lasted nearly nine years until his death in 1984. By then, he had become one of the most influential artists of his generation.

A two-time *Grammy Hall of Fame* Inductee, Jackie Wilson was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. In 2004, *Rolling Stone* magazine ranked Jackie Wilson #68 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. At the 1984 Grammy Awards Michael Jackson dedicated his Album of the Year Grammy for Thriller to Wilson. After this Tarnapol released the first Wilson album in nearly nine years.

## Discography
*For a detailed listing of singles and albums, see Jackie Wilson discography.*

### Hit singles
### Hit albums
## References
## Other websites
* 
* Jackiewilson.net
* Jackie Wilson at history-of-rock.com
* Jackie Wilson Tribute Artist 
* 
* *The Rise and Fall of Jackie Wilson* 
* Spinning Soul.com -*The Tragic Life of Jackie Wilson*
* *Jackie Wilson* on the *Soul Patrol* website 
* *The Soul Guy* website: *Jackie Wilson* 
* *Jackie Wilson*: "A history in pictures" from the *Soulwalking U. K.* website
**Brunswick Records Album Discography (including Jackie Wilson)* 
* Michigan Rock and Roll Legends 
*
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi

**Françoise Barré-Sinoussi**, (born July 30, 1947, Paris, France), French virologist who was a corecipient, with Luc Montagnier and Harald zur Hausen, of the 2008 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. She and Montagnier shared half the prize for their work in identifying the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Barré-Sinoussi earned a Ph.D. (1975) at the Pasteur Institute in Garches, France, and did postdoctoral work in the United States at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In 1975 she joined the Pasteur Institute in Paris, and in 1996 she became head of the Retrovirus Biology Unit (later called Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit) there. From 2012 to 2014 Barré-Sinoussi was president of the International AIDS Society.

When Montagnier led efforts at the Pasteur Institute in 1982 to determine a cause for AIDS, Barré-Sinoussi was a member of his team. Through dissection of an infected patient’s lymph node, they determined that AIDS was caused by a retrovirus, which came to be known as HIV. Their work led to the development of new antiviral drugs and diagnostic methods.

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi married Jean-Claude Barre on October 7, 1978.

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi is the daughter of Roger and Jeanine (Fau) Sinoussi, she was born on July 30th, 1947, and is from Paris, France.

Ethan H. Smith

## References
## Other websites
*
Parliamentary opposition

**Parliamentary opposition** is a political position. It is a type of opposition to the government. It is usually used in countries that use the Westminster system of parliament. Parties that have second-most seats usually make up the opposition. They are called the "Official Opposition" sometimes. Examples of countries with an Official Opposition are Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

## Related pages
* Leader of the Opposition
D. J. King

**Dwayne "D. J." King** (born June 27, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the St. Louis Blues and the Washington Capitals.

Before playing in the NHL, King played 4 seasons in the Western Hockey League; 3 seasons with the Lethbridge Hurricanes and 1 season with the Kelowna Rockets. He was drafted by the St. Louis Blues with the 190th overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.

King is of Métis heritage. He has a younger brother named Dwight, that plays for the Los Angeles Kings.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Mean Streets

***Mean Streets*** is a 1973 American crime drama movie directed by Martin Scorsese. It is set in New York City and stars Harvey Keitel and Robert De Niro. This movie was released by Warner Bros. on October 2, 1973. It received mostly positive reviews from movie critics.

## Other websites 
*
Nuclear fallout

.]]
**Fallout** is the left over radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion. The name is because radioactive material "falls out" of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion. These materials continue to undergo radioactive decay for minutes, days or centuries. "Fallout" commonly refers to the radioactive dust created when a nuclear weapon explodes. All nuclear explosions make fission products, which are the broken, radioactive atoms from a fission reaction. Neutrons from the explosion also make some nearby materials radioactive. 

There was also radioactive fallout after a part of the nuclear power station at Chernobyl exploded. The fallout caused serious contamination over an area including Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Scandinavia and some parts of Europe. All people living in an area of 30 kilometres radius around the power plant were forced to move because of the fallout with villages and towns being abandoned.

## References
Parliament of Victoria

The **Parliament of Victoria** is a bicameral legislature that makes the laws for the state of Victoria, Australia. Its two houses are a lower house the Legislative Assembly, and an upper house, the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly has 88 members, and the Legislative Council has 40 members.

The parliament meets at Parliament House in Spring Street, Melbourne. This building was also the home of the Parliament of Australia from 1901 to 1927.

## References
Aaron Sherritt

**Aaron Sherritt** (August 1854 - 26 June 1880) was a close friend of bushrangers Joe Byrne and Ned Kelly. His murder in 1880 was the first of the actions that led to the Kelly Gang's final shoot out with the police at Glenrowan.

Sherritt lived about three miles from Byrne, in the Woolshed Valley, near Beechworth, Victoria. He went to school with Byrne, and in 1876 were sent to prison for stealing meat. Soon after being let out of prison, Sherritt and Byrne were sent back again. They had fought with Chinese man who had tried to stop them from swimming in his dam. In 1878 Byrne was said to be engaged to Sherritt's sister. He had a reputation for being tough; at times he would sleep out in the open at night. 

After the Kelly Gang robbed the bank at Jerilderie, New South Wales, they disappeared for 18 months. In January 1879, Sherritt went to the police station at Benalla and gave them information about where the Kelly Gang was hiding, and what they were going to do next. He was paid £2 for the information. Sherritt helped the police find a cave from where they could watch Byrne's mother's house. He was interested in Byrne's sister, Kate. The police told Sherritt that they would not kill Byrne. When the police in the cave were found out, Sherritt then tried to get close to Ned Kelly's younger sister, Kate Kelly. He showed the police a place from where they could watch the Kelly house, but this was soon discovered. Sherritt sold Kate Kelly a horse he had stolen from Kate Byrne. When Ned Kelly's older sister, Maggie Skillion, found out she reported it to the police. It went to court, but the case against Sherritt was dropped because the police said that the Byrnes and the Kellys were criminals and not to be trusted. Byrne's mother said she thought the whole thing was a trick by the police to get the Kelly Gang to come out of hiding.

Late at night on 26 June 1880, Joe Byrne and Dan Kelly went to Sherritt's house at Sebastopol. Sherritt and his family were being guarded by four policemen who were living at the house. When Sherritt opened the door, he was shot dead by Joe Byrne. The police did not come out of the house and remained there until the next day. Byrne and Kelly left Sebastopol and rode across country to Glenrowan. They knew the police would send a large group by train to Beechworth to try and capture them. Ned Kelly and Steve Hart had gone to Glenrowan earlier and had pulled up the train tracks. They had planned on the police sending the train to Beechworth during the night. The plan failed when the police at Sherritt's house did not report the murder until midday.

## References
Nate Marquardt

**Nathan Joel Marquardt** (born April 20, 1979 in Lander, Wyoming) is an American mixed martial artist. He currently fights for the UFC in the middleweight division and fights out of Denver, Colorado. Marquardt holds a second black belt in both Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Jujutsu. His current record is 32 wins, 10 losses and 2 draws.

## Other websites
*Nate Marquardt's Official website
The Painted Veil (2006 movie)

***The Painted Veil*** is a 2006 romantic drama movie that was directed by John Curran. It was based on the 1925 novel with the same name. This is the third movie version of the novel the first in 1934 and the second in 1957 called *The Seventh Sin*. This movie won a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score in 2006.

## Cast 
* Edward Norton as Walter Fane
* Naomi Watts as Kitty Garstin Fane
* Toby Jones as Waddington
* Diana Rigg as Mother Superior
* Anthony Wong Chau Sang as Colonel Yu
* Sally Hawkins as Mary
* Liev Schreiber as Charles Townsend

## Other websites 
*Official website 
*
Victoria Police

**Victoria Police** provides police services to the people of Victoria, Australia. It employs more than 13,800 people and has 339 police stations.

Victoria Police started in the 1850s. One of their early jobs was to collect licence fees from miners searching for gold. In 1854 the miners at Ballarat refused to pay the fee and built a defensive fort, known as the Eureka Stockade. A military force of the British Army and 94 policemen attacked the stockade. About 30 miners and four soldiers were killed.

## References
Kid A

***Kid A*** is the fourth album by the band Radiohead. It was released in October 2000 on the Parlophone label. It was a success, and was certified platinum in the United Kingdom after only one week. *Kid A* was the band's first number one in America, and was named as 'The best album of the 2000s' by Rolling Stone magazine.

## Reception 
At first, many people did not like *Kid A*. They wanted an album that had the rock sound of *The Bends* and *OK Computer*, but Kid A had electronic music. Melody Maker gave the album a very bad review, and criticized the album for being depressing and having electronic music. However, Pitchfork Media, who gave Radiohead's last album a perfect score, did the same for Kid A. The review raved about how good the album was. The review, infamous for its metaphors and storytelling, is now famous among Radiohead fans.

Thanks to the Pitchfork review, people love *Kid A* now. It has been referred to as a "classic". Critics have praised the album's relevance in computerized society. Some think that the bad reviews for the album were rockist, which is when someone favors rock music over other genres.

## Track listing 
All tracks written by Radiohead except where noted.

# "Everything in Its Right Place"&nbsp;– 4:11
# "Kid A"&nbsp;– 4:44
# "The National Anthem"&nbsp;– 5:51
# "How to Disappear Completely"&nbsp;– 5:56
# "Treefingers"&nbsp;– 3:42
# "Optimistic"&nbsp;– 5:15
# "In Limbo"&nbsp;– 3:31
# "Idioteque" (Radiohead, Paul Lansky)&nbsp;– 5:09
# "Morning Bell"&nbsp;– 4:35
# "Motion Picture Soundtrack"&nbsp;(includes a hidden track that starts at 4:18) – 7:01

## References
T. J. Oshie

**Timothy Leif "T. J." Oshie, Jr.** (born December 23, 1986 in Mount Vernon, Washington) is an American professional ice hockey center and right winger that currently plays for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the St. Louis Blues with the 24th overall pick in the 2005 NHL Draft.

He played ice hockey in college at University of North Dakota with the Fighting Sioux.

## References
## Other websites
*T. J. Oshie's Official website 
* 
*
Frank Heller

**Frank Heller** was the pen name of a Swedish writer. His real name was **Gunnar Serner**. He lived from July 20, 1886 - October 14, 1947. He wrote a series of light novels. His books were about suspicious international business. Heller created the character Philip Collin in most popular books. Collin who was a detective and a thief. Collin also used the name Professor Pelotard.

## Bibliography
* The Emperor's Old Clothes, 1923 New York
* The Marriage of Yussuf Khan, Crowell New York 1923, Hutchinson & Co London 1924
* The Chinese Coats, London 1924
* The Grand Duke's Finances
* The Perilous Transactions of Mr. Collin, 1924
* The London Adventures of Mr. Collin, 1923
* Mr. Collin is Ruined, 1925
* The Strange Adventures of Mr. Collin, Crowell New York 1926
* The Thousand and Second Night, An Arabesque. Williams & Norgate, London, 1926
* Lead Me into Temptation, Crowell New York 1927
* Twilight of the Gladiators, 1944

F. W. Murnau made a film called ''The Grand Duke's Finances* (German: *Die Finanzen des Großherzogs'') that was  based on of Heller's novel with the same name.

## Other websites 
*
*
Royal Commission

In states that are Commonwealth Realms a **Royal Commission** is a major government public inquiry into an important issue.  They have been held in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Kenya and Saudi Arabia.  In Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, they are called a **Commission of Enquiry** or **Commission of Inquiry**.

A **Royal Commissioner** has a lot of power, more than those of a judge but these are limited to the "Terms of Reference" of the Commission. The Commission is created by the Head of State (the Sovereign, or his/her representative in the form of a Governor-General or Governor) on the advice of the Government. In practice–unlike other forms of inquiry–once a Commission has started the government cannot stop it. Because of this governments are usually very careful about framing the **Terms of Reference** and generally include in them a date by which the commission must finish.

Royal Commissions are called to look into very important matters and usually . For example, these can be about government structure, the treatment of minorities, or the events that had received concern from the public or economic questions.

Many Royal Commissions last many years and, often, a different government is left to respond to the findings. In Australia–and particularly New South Wales–Royal Commissions have been investigations into police and government corruption and organised crime. They have used the powers of the Royal Commissioner to force  powerful, but corrupt, public officials to tell the truth.

Royal Commissions are usually run by one or more notable figures. Because of their legal powers the Commissioners are often retired senior judges.

Royal Commissions usually research issues, consult with experts both within and outside of government and the public as well. They can call witnesses under oath, offer indemnities, seize documents and other evidence (sometimes including those normally protected, such as classified information), holding hearings *in camera*, and can force all government officials to help the Commission. 

The results of Royal Commissions are published in, often, massive reports of findings containing policy recommendations. They often have long and complex names, for example, the "Royal commission into whether there has been corrupt or criminal conduct by any Western Australian Police Officer". Because of this they are commonly known by the name of the main Commissioner.  These reports are often quite important, with the government making some or all recommendations into law. The work of some Commissions have been almost completely ignored by the government. In other cases, where the Commissioner has not kept to the terms of reference, the commission has been stopped by a superior court.
Consommé

consommé]]
In cooking, a **consommé** is a type of clear soup made from richly flavoured stock or bouillon.  "Double" consommé is clarified  often through a fining process involving egg protein. It usually requires an advanced knowledge of cooking and past experience to create a high quality consommé. Consommé has maintained its place as one of the most highly regarded and appreciated soups in the world.
gelatin desserts.

## References
Caroline Rhea

**Caroline Gilchrist Rhea** is a Canadian actress and stand-up comedian. She was the original host for the NBC reality show *The Biggest Loser* until Alison Sweeney took her place. Rhea also starred as Hilda Spellman for the situation comedy *Sabrina, the Teenage Witch* and replaced Rosie O'Donnell as the hostess for her syndicated talk show (which was renamed the *Caroline Rhea Show*). She was born April 13, 1964 in Montreal, Quebec.
Shawinigan

**Shawinigan** is a city on the Saint-Maurice River in Quebec, Canada. In 2021, 49,620 people lived there.

Michel Angers was elected as mayor in the 2009 municipal election.

The name of the city has also been spelled different over periods of time: Chaouinigane, Oshaouinigane, Assaouinigane, Achawénégan, Chawinigame, Shawenigane, Chaouénigane and could either mean "portage", "portage of beeches", "angular portage" or "summit" or "crest".

## Famous residents
*Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada
*Jacques Plante, Former ice hockey goaltender

## References 
## Other websites 
*City of Shawinigan - Official city website
It Was a Good Day

"**It Was a Good Day**" is a 1993 single by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released from the album *The Predator*. "It Was a Good Day" peaked at number seven on the *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number fifteen on the *Billboard* Hot 100. The song also peaked at number twenty-seven on the UK Singles Chart.

## Track listing
**UK single**
# "It Was a Good Day" (radio edit)
# "It Was a Good Day" (instrumental)

## References
Nova

A **nova** (plural ''* or *novas'') is a huge nuclear explosion on a white dwarf star. It causes a sudden brightening of the star.

Novae are not to be confused with other brightening phenomena such as supernovae. Novae occur on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary system. If the two stars of the system are close enough, material is pulled from the companion star's surface onto the white dwarf. This collection of hydrogen onto the surface of the star starts a runaway fusion reaction.

In spite of their violence, the amount of material ejected in novae is usually only about 1⁄10,000 of a solar mass, quite small relative to the mass of the white dwarf. Only five percent of the accreted mass is fused during the power outburst.  This is enough energy to make nova ejecta to go outward as fast as several thousand kilometers per second—higher for some novae than others.  The star also brightens, from a few times solar to 50,000–100,000 times solar.  In 2010 scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope were surprised to discover, for the first time, that a nova can also emit gamma-rays (>100 MeV).

A white dwarf can potentially generate multiple novae over time as additional hydrogen continues to accrete onto its surface from its companion star. An example is RS Ophiuchi, which is known to have flared six times (in 1898, 1933, 1958, 1967, 1985, and 2006). Eventually, the white dwarf could explode as a type Ia supernova if it approaches the Chandrasekhar limit.

Occasionally a nova is bright enough and close enough to be seen by the unaided eye. The brightest recent example was Nova Cygni 1975. This nova appeared on 29 August 1975, in the constellation Cygnus about five degrees north of Deneb and reached magnitude 2.0 (nearly as bright as Deneb). The most recent were V1280 Scorpii, which reached magnitude 3.7 on 17 February 2007, and Nova Delphini 2013. Nova Centauri 2013 was discovered 2 December 2013 and is so far the brightest nova of this millennium reaching magnitude 3.3.

Astronomers estimate that the Milky Way experiences roughly 30 to 60 novae per year, with a likely rate of about 40.  The number of novae discovered in the Milky Way each year is much lower, about 10. Roughly 25 novae brighter than about magnitude 20 are discovered in the Andromeda Galaxy each year and smaller numbers are seen in other nearby galaxies.

## References
The Big Chill (movie)

***The Big Chill*** is a 1983 American comedy-drama movie. It is about baby boomer friends reuniting after 15 years due to a friend's suicide. This movie stars Tom Berenger, Glenn Close and Mary Kay Place. It was filmed in Beaufort, South Carolina and set in South Carolina.

## Other websites 
*
Georg von Békésy

**Georg von Békésy** (3 June 1899 – 13 June 1972) was an Hungarian biophysicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1961 for his findings on the function of the cochlea in the mammalian inner ear. He was born in Budapest, Hungary and died in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States.

## References
Frostbite

**Frostbite** is the localized medical condition where freezing cold temperatures damage skin and other tissue. It is most likely to happen in body parts farthest from the heart and in body parts with large exposed areas with many blood circulations. It most often occurs in toes. It may be seen along with Hypothermia.

Also, if the affected parts are not amputated, the person is likely to suffer from a disease called **gangrene**. 

## References
## Other websites
Scarp (landform)

]]

**Scarp** is a term in geology and geography with several similar meanings.

*A **scarp** is a cliff or steep slope. The word is derived from the Italian *scarpa*, meaning 'shoe'. 
**The surface of the steep slope is called a *scarp face*.
*A **fault scarp** is a steep cliff made by movement along one side of a fault.
*An **escarpment** is a steep slope or long cliff that occurs from faulting and resulting erosion. It separates two relatively level areas of different height. 
**A **cuesta** is an asymmetric ridge with an escarpment on one side and a gentle dip slope on the other side.

## Formation 
Scarps are generally formed by one or both: 
#differential erosion of sedimentary rocks, or by 
#vertical movement of the Earth's crust along a geologic fault. 
Most commonly, an escarpment is a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition.

Escarpments are also frequently formed by faults. When a fault displaces the ground surface so that one side is higher than the other, a fault scarp is created. This brings a piece of high ground next to an area of lower ground.

More loosely, the term scarp describes the zone between coastal lowlands and continental plateaus. A marked, abrupt change in height is caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.

## References
Gustave Eiffel

**Alexandre Gustave Eiffel** (December 15, 1832&nbsp;– December 27, 1923; , ) was a French structural engineer and architect. He is known for designing the Eiffel Tower. He also designed the armature (supporting framework) for the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, United States.

## References
Bullshit

**Bullshit** (also **selmo**, **bullplop**,  **bullbutter**, **bovine stool**, simply **B.S.**) is a common English language expletive. It can be used also as an interjection or as many other parts of speech.  Usually, it is a noun, verb or interjection that describes a lie.  It shows that someone is trying to deceive, e.g. "Stop bullshitting me" ("Don't try to deceive me.   I know what you are saying is a lie."). 

## References
Black-eyed pea

The **black-eyed pea**, also called **black-eyed bean**, a subspecies of the cowpea, is a medium-sized  bean. Humans first grew the pea probably in West Africa, but it is now grown all over the world.

In Nigeria, and the Caribbean, a traditional dish called *akara* is made of mashed black-eyed peas and salt, onions and peppers are added.

## References
Circuit of the Americas

The **Circuit of the Americas** is a motor racing circuit in Austin, Texas. Hermann Tilke designed the circuit in the middle of 2010. Construction was started in early 2011. It is planned to open in 2012. The circuit will run counter-clockwise.

The circuit will host the  United States Grand Prix. Starting in 2013, it will host MotoGP races for 10 years. It will also host a round of V8 Supercars, an Australia-based touring car racing series, starting in 2013.

## References
Bobby Hull

**Robert Marvin "Bobby" Hull**, OC (January 3, 1939 – January 30, 2023) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger.

Hull is highly regarded as one of the greatest ice hockey players of all time and perhaps the greatest left winger to ever play the game of hockey. Hull was known for his blonde hair, blinding skating speed, and having the fastest shot in the game which also earned him the nickname, "the Golden Jet".

Hull played 17 seasons in the NHL with 3 teams, the Chicago Black Hawks for 15 seasons, the Winnipeg Jets for 1 season and the Hartford Whalers for 1 season.
 
Hull was inducted in the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1983.

## Career statistics
## Other websites
*Bobby Hull's NHL player profile
*Bobby Hull at the Internet Hockey Database
*Bobby Hull's Legend's of Hockey profile
Great horned owl

The **Great horned owl** (*Bubo virginianus*) is the largest owl in North America. It is sometimes called the **hoot owl**. 

This widespread bird of prey lives in mountains, grasslands, conifer forests, deserts, chapparals, and many other habitats in North and South America. Its call is a far-carrying hoot.

## Description 
This owl is 18 to 25 inches (46-64 cm) long and has a wing span of 52 to 55 inches (1.3-1.4 m); its weight averages about 3 pounds (1.5 kg). 

The feathers of the horned owl are gray to brown to buff to black. There is a patch of white feathers on the brown chest (called a "gular"). The eyes are yellow with round black pupils.

## Diet 
The great horned owl hunts and eats mammals (like rabbits, woodchucks, mice, rats, and squirrels), birds (ducks, quail, and geese), and fish. 

The owl is at the top of the food web; it has no major predators. It sometimes eats its prey whole and later regurgitates the bones, fur, and feathers in pellets.

## References
Daniel Bedingfield

**Daniel Bedingfield** (born 3 December 1979) is a New Zealand-born British singer-songwriter. He was raised in South London.

Bedingfield is a Christian.

## Discography
*2002: *Gotta Get thru This*
*2004: *Second First Impression*
*2012: *Stop the Traffik – Secret Fear*

## References
Belén Esteban

**Belén Esteban Menéndez** is a Spanish television personality.  She presents the television show *Sálvame* with Jorge Javier Vazquez.

## References
Capital Region International Airport

**Capital Region International Airport** , is a public airport in DeWitt Township, Clinton County, Michigan.  The airport is northwest of Lansing, Michigan.  The airport has three runways and is 2160 acres (874.12 ha) in size.  The airport is owned and operated by the Capital Region Airport Authority.

## History
The airport opened in July 1928.  Cargo service from the airport began on July 17, 1928, on Transamerican Airlines.  Passenger service began on September 1, 1929, on Kohler Airlines.  The current terminal building opened in 1959.  The first international flights (to Cancún, Mexico) began in December 2009 on USA3000 Airlines.  Allegiant Air served the airport from 2003-2009 and 2012-2015 with flights to Florida.

## Airlines and destinations
Delta Air Lines, Sun Country Airlines, and United Airlines are passenger airlines that serve Capital Region International Airport.  UPS Airlines is a cargo airline that serves the airport.

The airport has domestic passenger flights to Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Minneapolis, and Washington, D.C.  The airport has seasonal international passenger flights to Cancún, Mexico and Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.  The airport has cargo flights to Columbus and Louisville.

A total of 376,790 passengers flew to and from Capital Region International Airport in 2014. Another 418,850 passengers flew in 2013.  Earlier, 656,703 passengers flew in 2000.  45,896,074 pounds (20,818,109&nbsp;kg) of cargo flew to and from the airport in 2014.  64,844,276 pounds (29,412,869&nbsp;kg) of cargo flew in 2000.

## Photos

Image:Lansing_Capital_Region_International_Airport_Terminal_Parking_Lot.jpg|Airport terminal and parking lot
Image:Lansing Capital Region International Airport Terminal Drive 1.jpg|Front of airport terminal
Image:Capital Region International Airport UPS Boeing 767-300 Cargo.jpg|UPS Airlines Boeing 767 cargo airplane
Image:Capital Region International Airport USGS 08-Mar-2010.png|Aerial photograph ofthe airport 

## Related pages
* Lansing, Michigan

## References
## Other websites 
* Capital Region International Airport (official site)
* Port Lansing  (official site)
* Capital Region Airport Authority
* Mid-Michigan Business Travel Coalition
Rita Levi-Montalcini

**Rita Levi-Montalcini** (22 April 1909 – 30 December 2012) was an Italian neurologist.  She won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her discovery of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). She shared the Nobel Prize with Stanley Cohen with whom she made the discovery.

She was the first Nobel Prize winner to have reached 103 years of age.

Levi-Montalcini was the third of four children. Her parents were Adamo Levi and Adele Montalcini. She was born on April 22, 1909, in Turin, Italy. Her father wanted her to attend a high school which prepared girls for marriage, but Levi-Montalcini did not want to have children. Although she wanted to go to a university, her parents did not support that idea. Three years later, her governess (nanny) got cancer. This inspired her decision to become a doctor.

She applied for the Turin School of Medicine in 1930. She was accepted, and she studied the nervous system, which is the system of the human brain, spinal cord, and nerves. She graduated from school in 1936 and became a research assistant. In 1942, Levi-Montalcini experimented on chicken embryos to study how cells were made.

A neuron bryologist (a person who studies the nervous system in embryos) named Viktor Hamburger contacted her in 1946, inviting her to fill a visiting research position at Washington University.

Levi-Montalcini was famous for her research on cell growth. Her first experiments were done in a small laboratory in her house. This was because she was Jewish when Italy was ruled by a dictator called Mussolini (1883-1945). Mussolini would not allow Jews to have a serious job. Since Levi-Montalcini was in great danger from Germans, she fled to Florence and was in hiding until their departure. Levi-Montalcini was allowed to experiment in better laboratories after World War II. From 1944 to 1945 Levi-Montalcini cared for war refugees after becoming medicine doctor.

In the 1950s, she found a protein in the human nervous system, that she later named the  NGF. She worked with Biochemist Stanley Cohen at Washington University, who was able to find the chemical structure of NGF and produce NGF antibodies. Levi-Montalcini's and Cohen's work was noticed in 1986 when they were awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine. Levi-Montalcini was the fourth woman to win the Nobel Prize.

She was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

## Related pages
*List of biologists

## References
## Bibliography
*Levi-Montalcini, Rita 1988. *In praise of imperfection: my life and work*. Basic Books, New York.
Amanda Seyfried

**Amanda Michelle Seyfried** (born December 3, 1985) is an American actress, singer-songwriter and former child model. At 11, she became a child model, and at 15 she became a television actress. She is known for her roles in *Mamma Mia!* and *Mean Girls*.

## Major film and television roles 
She starred in *As the World Turns* and *All My Children*. In 2004, Seyfried started her movie career, acting in *Mean Girls*.

She also appeared in a number of other movies: *Nine Lives* (2005), *Alpha Dog* (2006), *Mamma Mia!* (2008), ''Jennifer's Body*, *Chloe*, *Dear John*, *Veronica Mars* and *Letters to Juliet''.

In 2006, she had a lead role on HBO's television series *Big Love*.

## Awards and nominations
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Mario Casas

**Mario Casas Sierra** (born 12 July, 1986, A Coruña) is a Spanish actor. He has starred in *Los hombres de Paco* (2007–2010), *Fuga de cerebros* (2009), and *Tres metros sobre el cielo* (2010)

## Other websites
The Art of Getting By

***The Art of Getting By*** is a 2011 American romantic drama movie that was produced by Darren Goldberg, Gia Walsh, Kara Baker and P. Jennifer Dana and was directed by Gavin Wiesen. *Homework* (its original name) was first shown at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2011, and was released in theaters in North America on June 17, 2011. The movie premiered under the title *Homework* at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was released as *The Art of Getting By*.

## Cast 
*Freddie Highmore as George
*Emma Roberts as Sally
*Alicia Silverstone as Ms. Herman
*Rita Wilson as George's mother
*Blair Underwood
*Elizabeth Reaser
*Sam Robards as George's stepfather
*Michael Angarano as Dustin

## Other websites 
*
Peppermint

The **Peppermint** is a hybrid plant of the mint family. It is originally from Europe, but grown and sold all over the world. It is a hybrid of watermint and spearmint. Carolus Linnaeus first described the plant in 1753, from samples that had been collected in England. He treated it as a species,  but  biology mostly treats it as a hybrid.

The peppermint is found in some medications, in particular Skumin’s mixture.

## References
Sinodelphys

***Sinodelphys***  is an extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous. It is a member of the infraclass Metatheria, the group which contains modern marsupials.

To date, it is the oldest metatherian fossil known, estimated to be 125 million years old. This makes it almost contemporary to the earliest placental fossils, which have been found in the same area.

It was discovered and described in 2003 in rocks of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province, China, by a team of scientists.  

*Sinodelphys szalayi* grew only 15 cm (5.9 in) long and possibly weighed about 30 g (1.05 oz). 

Its fossilized skeleton is surrounded by impressions of fur and soft tissue. Rapid burial followed volcanic events, and the fine sediment preserved details. 

From its foot structure it is thought that *Sinodelphys* was a tree-dweller, like its non-marsupial contemporary *Eomaia* and modern opossums such as *Didelphis*. *Sinodelphys* probably hunted worms and insects. 

Most Mesozoic metatherians have been found in North America and Asia. Most lived during the Upper Cretaceous between 90-65 million years ago.

## Related pages 
* *Juramaia*
* *Eomaia*

## References
Bulletproof (La Roux song)

"**Bulletproof**" is a 2009 song by the English electropop duo La Roux off their self-titled album. It was released in the United Kingdom in June 2009 and was highly received by the critics. This song debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart. It was a sleeper hit in the United States, peaking at number eight.