open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
165

__NOTOC__
Year **165** (**CLXV**) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

## Events 
### By place 
#### Roman Empire 
*Avidius Cassius is successful against Parthia.  They take Artaxata, Seleucia on the Tigris, and Ctesiphon. The Parthians ask for peace.
* A pandemic known as the Antonine Plague breaks out in Rome.
* Dura-Europos is taken by the Romans.
* The Romans make a garrison at Doura Europos on the Euphrates.
* Avidius Cassius takes Nisibis.  He conquers the north of Mesopotamia. 
* Marcus Aurelius creates four legal districts in Italy.

### By topic 
#### Religion 
* The philosopher Justin of Nablus is executed in Rome as a Christian. 
* Discourse to the Greek (*Oratio ad Graecos*), by the Syrian Tatian, is the first treatise on the evils of paganism in Christian literature.

## Births 
* Macrinus, Roman emperor (approximate date)

## Deaths 
* Justin Martyr, early apologist for Christianity
* Claudius Ptolemaeus, Greek astronomer (approximate date)
* Empress Deng Mengnu, wife of Emperor Huan of Han
* Elpinice (daughter of Herodes Atticus)
Ragged Island

**Ragged Island** is a small island and district in the southern Bahamas. The island was badly damaged by Hurricane Donna.  In 2000 there were just 72 people.

## References
Chelsea (name)

The name **Chelsea** is a given name used for females. It is pronounced CHELL-see. The name Chelsea has roots in United Kingdom. It is derived from the French word "candidus," which means "bright" or "shining." Artemis, the Greek goddess of the moon, is also associated with the name as she was known for her beauty and radiance.

There are many famous people named Chelsea, including Chelsea Clinton (the daughter of former President Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton). The name was used most in 1992, when it was at #15 in the United States on the USA Social Security Administration baby naming chart.

The name might come from the Old English language and mean "chalk landing place".

There is also an English football club called Chelsea. Chelsea Football Club is an English football club that plays in the Premier League. Their home stadium is Stamford Bridge in Fulham, London.

## People named Chelsea
* Chelsea Brown, actress
* Chelsea Brummet, actress
* Chelsea Field, actress
* Chelsea Handler, comedian
* Chelsee Healey, actress
* Chelsea Hobbs, actress
* Chelsea Kane, actress and singer
* Chelsea Newton, basketball player
* Chelsea Noble, actress
* Chelsea Quealey, jazz trumpeter
* Chelsea Clinton, American author and global health advocate
* Chelsey Green, Professional Wrestler

## Places
* Chelsea, Victoria, Australia
* Chelsea, Nova Scotia, Canada
* Chelsea, Quebec, Canada
* Chelsea, London, United Kingdom

## References
Stairlift

A **stairlift** or **stair lift** is a mechanical device that carries people up and down stairs in a chair. Stairlifts are often used by people who are handicapped or cannot walk up the stairs.

Stairlifts travel on rails that are bolted to the staircase, not the wall. Most stairlifts have a battery-powered motor. The battery allows the user to ride the lift even if the power goes out.

## Types of stairlifts 
**Straight Rail Stair Lifts** - A straight rail stair lift is the most common type.  It is designed for straight stairs and can be installed quickly.  With a straight rail stair lift, the rail is attached to the treads of the stairs by legs that are spaced approximately a foot (30 cm) apart.

**Curved Rail Stair Lifts** - A curved rail stair lift follow the unique curvature of a staircase.  This means the planning and installation process is slower and more expensive since it is customized and the rail may have to be longer.

**Platform Stair Lifts** - Wheelchair or platform stair lifts has the standard seat but is big enough to carry a wheelchair.  These stair lifts may also need more power than traditional curved or straight rail stair lifts.  They are therefore most common in commercial buildings, hospitals, and assisted living facilities and nursing homes.

## References
Google Play

**Google Play** (also known as the **Google Play Store,** **Play store,** or sometimes the **Android Store** (and was formerly known as the Android Market)), is a platform by Google. It is a online store for music, books, movies and a few million Android applications. Google formed it in March 2013 by merging four different stores:

* Android Market, the oldest, was started in October 2008
* Google Music
* Google Books
* Google Movies

Google Play also sold Google hardware devices, until 2015 when Google started a new Google Store for that.

## References
The Open Door Tour

**The Open Door Tour** is the second worldwide tour by American alternative metal band Evanescence. Supporting the bands' second album, *The Open Door*, the tour began October 5, 2006, in Toronto, Canada and lasted for a little over a year. During the tour, the band performed at several popular music festivals, including Download and PinkPop festivals and Z100's Jingle Ball. The setlist included songs from The Open Door and the bands debut album, Fallen.

## Background
For the first leg of the tour, the band toured locations in North America in October and traveled to Europe in November to play a number of shows before returning to the U.S. in December to perform in large arenas. The band later continued this leg of the tour in January 2007 in Montreal, Canada, playing in locations in Canada before heading to Japan and Australia.

The second leg of the tour began on March 16, kicking off in Fresno, California. The tour ran through the U.S., South America, South Africa and Europe, closing their European tour with a sell-out concert at the Amphi in Ra'anana, Israel, on June 26, 2007. On May 4, 2007, guitarist John LeCompt was fired and drummer Rocky Grey quit. They were replaced by Troy McLawhorn and Will Hunt from the band Dark New Day.

Evanescence later co-headlined The Family Values Tour alongside Korn from July 27 until September 2, 2007. Afterwards, the band left on their Winter tour on October 23, playing shows in the U.S. and Mexico, before concluding the album's tour on December 8, 2007 in Kingston, Rhode Island. It was initially stated that McLawhorn and Hunt would tour with Evanescence till the end of the Family Values Tour in September, but continued to play with the band through The Open Door tour.

## Opening Acts
### First Leg
* Revelation Theory (United States, Europe)
* Stone Sour (Canada)
* The Black Maria (Canada)
* Shihad (Australia)

### Second Leg
* Chevelle (United States)
* Finger Eleven (United States)

### Third Leg
* Sick Puppies
* Julien-K
* Shiny Toy Guns (Special Appearance)

## Setlists
Al-Ahsa

**Al-Ahsa** (or Al-Hasa) may refer to:
* Al-Ahsa or Al-Hasa - an oasis region in eastern Saudi Arabia
* Al-Ahsa Governorate - the administrative unit that includes the Al-Ahsa oasis
* Al-Bahrain (historical region), which includes most of Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province
* Al-Ahsa Eyalet, a subdivision of the Ottoman Empire

* Ahsa
Teatro Regio (Turin)

The **Teatro Regio** ('Royal Theatre') is a well-known opera house and opera company in Turin, Italy.

Operas had been performed in various buildings in Turin during the 17th century but it was not until 1713 that a proper opera house was planned.  It was not built and finished until 1740.  It was a beautiful opera house with 1,500 seats and with 139 boxes.

In 1792 it was closed and became a warehouse.  With the French occupation of Turin during the Napoleonic War the theatre was renamed the *Teatro Nazionale* and finally, after Napoleon became emperor, renamed again as the *Teatro Imperiale*.   When Napoleon's lost power in 1814 it got its original name back: the *Regio*.

Other theatres were built and gave seasons of opera in Turin. Among them was the restored *Teatro Carignano* in 1824. It was taken over by the municipality in 1932 and, after the destruction by fire of the *Teatro Regio* in 1936, the Carignano was the main opera house in the city until the *Regio* reopened in 1973.

The Regio was rebuilt in 1905 but the theatre closed during the First World War and re-opened in 1919.  Until February 1936, seasons of opera were presented until fire then destroyed everything except the front of the building. It remained closed for thirty-seven years.  Arturo Toscanini was the conductor of the Turin Opera from 1895 to 1898, during which time several production of works of Wagner were given their first Italian performances.

The opera house was rebuilt an opened in 10 April 1973 with a production of Verdi's *I Vespri Siciliani* directed by Maria Callas and Giuseppe Di Stefano.

The new house, which uses the original frontage, seats 1,750 and is elliptical in shape with a large orchestra level and 37 boxes. An acoustic shell was added to improve its sound.  Many operas are performed there, including modern operas.

## References
*Lynn, Karyl Charna, *Italian Opera Houses and Festivals*, Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2005.  
*Plantamura, Carol, ''The Opera Lover's Guide to Europe'', New York: Citadel Press, 1996.  

## Other websites
*Teatro Regio Torino website (both English and Italian)
271

]]
__NOTOC__
Year **271** (**CCLXXI**) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. 

## Events 
### By place 
#### Roman Empire 
* Emperor Aurelian pushes the Vandals back from Pannonia.
* January
** Battle of Placentia: The Alamanni invade Italy.  They take the city of Piacenza. 
** Battle of Fano: The Alamanni move toward Rome. Aurelian defeats the Germanic tribes on the Metauro River. 
* Battle of Pavia: The Roman army chase after the Alamanni in Lombardy. 
* Felicissimus leads an uprising against Aurelian. He is defeated and killed on the Caelian Hill. 
* Aurelian begins to build a new defensive wall to protect Rome.

#### Europe 
* Victorinus, Emperor of the Gallic Empire, is killed by Attitianus. Domitianus is Emperor for a few days before being replaced by Tetricus I.

#### Syria 
* Zenobia makes herself to be Empress.  She breaks all relations with the Roman Empire. 
* Zenobia gives her son Vaballathus the title of Augustus.

### By topic 
#### Arts and sciences 
* King Shapur I builds the Academy of Gundishapur (Iran).
* A magnetic compass is first used in China.

## Births 
* Sima Wei, prince during the Jin Dynasty (d. 291)

## Deaths 
* Ding Feng, general of the Kingdom of Wu
* Domitianus, Emperor of the Gallic Empire
* Felicissimus, Roman financial minister (*rationalis*)
* Liu Shan, last Emperor of the Kingdom of Shu (b. 207)
* Pei Xiu, minister and cartographer of the Kingdom of Wei (b. 224)
* Sima Wang, general of the Jin Dynasty (b. 205)
* Victorinus, Emperor of the Gallic Empire
Qatif

**Qatif** or **Al-Qatif** is a governorate and urban area in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. It goes from Ras Tanura and Jubail in the north to Dammam in the south. It is from the Persian Gulf in the east to King Fahd International Airport in the west. 

Qatif is one of the oldest towns in the eastern side of the Arabian peninsula. Its history goes back to 3500 BC. Qatifi people used to work as merchants, farmers, and fishers. Now most of Qatifi's people are working in oil, industry, public services, education and health care sectors.

## References
Al-Ahsa Oasis

**Al-Ahsa**, sometimes **Al-Hasa**, **El Hasa**, or **Hadjar** is a traditional oasis region in eastern Saudi Arabia. The oasis is about 60&nbsp;km inland from the Persian Gulf.

Al-Ahsa is part of the region known historically as Al-Bahrayn.  It includes the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula down to the borders of Oman.  It also includes the island of Awal (modern-day Bahrain).
	
Al-Hasa has one of the largest numbers of Shia Muslims in mostly Sunni Saudi Arabia.

With an area of around , Al-Ahsa Oasis is the largest oasis in the world. There are more than 2.5 million palm trees including date palms in the oasis, which is fed from a huge underground aquifer and irrigated by the flow of more than 280 artesian springs, which allows agriculture all year round in a region that is otherwise sand desert.

## Main cities and villages 
* Al Hofuf: capital city and has lots of traditional markets.
* Al Mubarraz: large city with many big markets.
* Al-Omran: has more than 15 villages and well known for the many farms.
* Shaybah: oil town in the Empty Quarter.
* More than 50 Villages.

## References
Ahsa

**Ahsa** may mean:
* Al-Ahsa (disambiguation), the Saudi Arabian oasis region (also spelled al-Hasa and Hassa)
* the American Horse Shows Association
* the American Hunters and Shooters Association
* , the Gothic letter *a*, see Gothic alphabet, Ansuz rune
House of Khalifa

The **Al Khalifa family** is the ruling royal family of Bahrain. The Al Khalifa are Sunni Islam.  They belong to the Anizah tribe that came from Najd to Kuwait in the early 18th century. They are also from the Utub tribe. The current head of the family is Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. He became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999 and made himself King of Bahrain in 2002.

As of 2010, about half of the cabinet ministers of Bahrain are from the Al Khalifa royal family. The country's Prime Minister, Khalifah bin Salman al-Khalifah, is also from the Al Khalifa family and is the uncle of the current King.

## List of monarchs of Bahrain of the Al Khalifa family
## In public office
Public offices in Bahrain that Al Khalifa family members have:

## Other notable members
* Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, crown prince and chief of the Bahrain Defence Force.
* Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, prime minister of Bahrain (11 November 2020 -Present ), 
* Shaikh Rashid bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, prominent Bahraini artist and patron of the arts.
* Mohammed bin Salman Al Khalifa, brother of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (Hakim, 1961–1971; Emir, 1971–1999) and Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa (prime minister since 1971).
* Mai Al Khalifa, culture minister.

## References
Charles Belgrave

**Charles Dalrymple Belgrave** (1894–1969) was a British citizen.  He was an advisor to the rulers of Bahrain from 1926 until 1957.  He first was under Shaikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa.  The he was under Shaikh Salman ibn Hamad Al-Khalifa.

During the war he was with the Imperial Camel Corps.  He spent two years in Siwa Oasis. He got better at his Arabic at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.  He came to Bahrain in March 1926.  He stayed there until 1957.

The biggest long-term benefit to the country has said to be the making of schools for girls by his wife Marjorie Belgrave.

## References
* *Personal Diary of Charles Belgrave (1926–1957)*
* 
* Historic photos of Charles Belgrave
Abdul Amir al-Jamri

Sheikh **Abdul Amir al-Jamri** (1937-December 18, 2006) was the 'spiritual leader' of Bahrain's Twelver Shi'a population and the 1990s Intifada. He is the father of Mansoor Al-Jamri, editor-in-chief of the Al Wasat daily newspaper.

## Biography 
Al-Jamri was born in the village of Bani Jamra, Bahrain, in 1937.  In 1962 he went to school at the Najaf Religious Institute in Iraq. In 1973 al-Jamri became a member of Bahrain's parliament, the National Assembly of Bahrain.

Beginning in 1977, al-Jamri was a judge at the High Religious Court of Bahrain. In 1992, al-Jamri joined with Islamists, liberals and leftists to ask the ruler of Bahrain to make a new parliament.  In 1994, he asked again.

On April 1, 1995, al-Jamri was placed under house arrest for two weeks.  He then went to jail. He was let go on September 25, 1995. On January 21, 1996 he went to jail again. On July 7, 1999 al-Jamri was given 10 years imprisonment and fined $15 million.  He was let go a day later and placed under house arrest until January 23, 2001.  Less than one month later he called on the people to support the reforms of the King of Bahrain, Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah.  

In June 2002, al-Jamri suffered a stroke.  He died at home on December 18, 2006.
Family tree of Japanese monarchs

symbol of the Japanese emperor and his family]]
This is a family tree of the Emperors of Japan (*tenno*) from Jimmu to the present day. 

The legendary genealogy of the emperors includes Shinto deities.

The traditional order of succession begins with Emperor Jimmu.

In the graphic chart, the names of Jimmu and his successors are highlighted in yellow.  The ordinal numbers of the Japanese monarchs are in red; and these are also highlighted in yellow.

The pretenders of the Nanboku-chō period are highlighted in beige.

## Chart
{{chart|border=1| | | | |!|Kai2 |y|Rei  |A|Ma1  |L|~|y|~|~|Cho  | |Eny  |y|Sen2 | |Mic  |y|Rin  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kai2=| boxstyle_Kai2=background:pink;| Rei=| boxstyle_Rei=background:lightblue;| Ma1=| boxstyle_Ma1=background:pink;| Cho=| boxstyle_Cho=background:pink;| Eny=| boxstyle_Eny=background:lightblue;| Sen2=| boxstyle_Sen2=background:pink;| Mic=| boxstyle_Mic=background:lightblue;}| Rin=| boxstyle_Rin=background:pink;}}

{{chart|border=1| |!| | | | | | | | |!| | |Mos  |y|Sa2  |~|Ka0  | |Re2  |A|Sh4  |L|Ka3  |L|Hi3  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mos=| boxstyle_Mos=background:pink;| Sa2=| boxstyle_Sa2=background:lightblue;| Ka0=| boxstyle_Ka0=background:pink;| Re2=| boxstyle_Re2=background:lightblue;| Sh4={{nowrap| Princess Akiko{Shōshi}}}| boxstyle_Sh4=background:pink;| Ka3=| boxstyle_Ka3=background:pink;| Hi3=| boxstyle_Hi3=background:pink;}}

## Related pages 
* Succession to the Japanese throne
* List of emperors of Japan

## Notelist
## References 
;General
*
;Specific

## Other websites
* Imperial Household Agency (*Kunaicho*), Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan
Islamic Consultative Assembly

The **National Consultative Assembly of Iran**, also called **The Iranian Parliament** or '''People's House''', is the national legislative body of Iran. The Parliament has 290 representatives.  There were 272 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.  The election took place on 2 March 2012. The new parliament will be opened on 27 May 2012.

## History 
### The first national assembly 
The first national assembly, the "Majlis", was formed in 1906, after the 1905-1906 revolution.  The Majlis wrote a constitution for the Persian empire.
The first Majlis had 156 delegates.  Tehran had 60 of the 156 seats. Major provinces like Azerbaijan had 12 delegates. Smaller provinces like Gilan and Tavala had 6 delegates each.

### War 
In 1941, Britain and Russia invaded Persia to put the Germans out. This happened during the 13th Majlis.  Mohamed Reza Shah was the constitutional monarch from 1941–1953. From 1953 until the revolution of 1979, Shah was the absolute ruler. Elections for the 14th Majlis were in 1943. In 1950, a special assembly met to create a new upper house, or senate, with half of the members appointed by Shah.  The assembly also gave Shah the power to dissolve the national assembly. The 21st Majlis was elected in September 1963.

### The 1979 revolution 
After the revolution, Iran changed the name of the parliament from the National Assembly to the Islamic Assembly.

#### Elections after the revolution 
Dates of elections:

* 1st Majlis 1979-83
* 2nd Majlis 1983-87
* 3rd Majlis 1987-91
* 4th majlis 1991-96
* 5th Majlis 1996-00
* 6th Majlis 2000-04

## References
313

]]

## Events 
### By place 
#### Roman Empire 
* February 3 &ndash; Edict of Milan: Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius give religious freedom for all.  They end the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
* Emperor Maximinus II fights at Bosphorus.
* April 30 &ndash; Battle of Tzirallum: Licinius defeats his rival Maximinus II.  He becomes Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. Maximinus runs away to Nicomedia and commits suicide.

#### Asia 
* March 14 &ndash; Emperor Jin Huidi is killed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao). 
* Crown prince Jin Mindi, age 13, becomes the new emperor of the Jin Dynasty.

### By topic 
#### Art 
* Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova), Rome, is finished.

#### Religion 
* Constantine I and Licinius accept Christianity.
* October 2 &ndash; Lateran Synod: Donatism is made a heresy.
* Arius preaches of the human nature of Jesus.

## Births 
* Didymus the Blind, Alexandrian theologian (approximate date)
* Shi Hong, emperor of the Chinese Jie state (d. 334)

## Deaths 
* Achillas, Patriarch of Alexandria
* Dowager Zhang, empress of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao)
* March 14 &ndash; Jin Huidi, Chinese emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 284)
* Maximinus II, Roman Emperor (b. 270)
* Zhang Huiguang, empress of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao)
Sheikh

**Sheikh** (Arabic: شَىخْ) —  also spelled **Sheik** or **Shaikh** or **Shekh** — is an honorific in the Arabic language. It means "elder" and often means "leader and/or governor". It is commonly used for the front man of a tribe. He can be an Islamic scholar who got this title after graduating from a basic Islamic school. **Sheikha** is the female term. These are uncommon in the Arabic world. A sheikh who is wise is called *ḥakīm* and can rule.

The word is also generally used for a man over forty or fifty years of age.

## Surname
In Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, "Sheikh" is a common surname among Muslims.  It generally means there is Arab ancestry.

## References
Abdulhadi al-Khawaja

**Abdulhadi Abdulla Hubail Alkhawaja** is a Bahraini-Danish human rights activists. He is now in prison in Bahrain after the Bahraini uprising. He is the former president and co-founder of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights (BCHR).  This is a nonprofit non-governmental group which works to promote human rights in Bahrain.

On 9 April 2011, Al Khawaja was arrested. Al Khawaja was given life imprisonment on 22 June 2011. On 8 February 2012, he started a hunger strike until "freedom or death".

## References
Governorates of Palestine

The **Governorates of Palestine** (Arabic: محافظات فلسطين) are the administrative divisions of the country of Palestine. The West Bank and Gaza comprise of 16 governorates. They are under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority.

## List
**Notes**

## References
Governorates of Saudi Arabia

**Governorates** are the second level of regional administration within Saudi Arabia.  Each of Saudi Arabia's 13 emirates is divided into governorates.  Governorates are then divided into sub-governorates. Governorates in Saudi Arabia can be either "Category A" or "Category B", depending on how many people live there. The number of Governorates in Saudi Arabia is 118. 119 if you include the special municipality of Al-Udayd.

## list of the governorates
Governorates of Iraq

Iraq is divided into 18(discluding partially recognized halabja)Governorates (*muhafazah*). also the Iraqi Constitution has recognized only one autonomous federal region inside Iraq, the name of the region is Kurdistan Region, this region consists of the three Governorates(and one partially recognized one)of Duhok ( دهوك ), Erbil ( اربيل ), As-Sulaymaniyah (السليمانية ) and Halabja (حلبجة)

Kurdistan Region Governorates are marked in **bold.**

Partially recognized Governorate are marked in *Italic*.
Northern Governorate

The **Northern Governorate** is one of the five governorates of Bahrain. It includes parts of the former municipalities of Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah al Shamaliyah, Jidd Haffs and Madinat Hamad.

## References
* Northern Governorate website
Arabian Gulf

*Persian Gulf, a body of water sometimes controversially called the *Arabian Gulf* or *The Gulf* by some Arab countries 
*Red Sea, in geographical works from ancient times to the 19th century
*Khalij el-Arab, near Alexandria, Egypt, translates to English as the "Arab Gulf", or "The Arabs' Gulf"

## Groups
* Arabian Gulf Rugby Football Union
* Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
* Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf
* National Democratic Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf

## Distinguish
Not to be confused with:
*The Arabian Sea, to the west of India
Mountain of Smoke

The **Mountain of Smoke** is a hill in the Southern Governorate of Bahrain. At  above mean sea level, it is the country's highest point. 

The Mountain of Smoke is named because of the haze which often surrounds it on humid days. A number of caves are around the mountain.

## References
Governorate

The governorate is the administrative division of the country. It is headed by governor / Caliph. English-speaking nations name regions that have governors either states, provinces or colonies

## Arab countries
The word governorate is widely used in Arab countries.

*Governorates of Bahrain
*Governorates of Egypt
*Governorates of Iraq (official translation, sometimes also translated as province)
*Governorates of Jordan
*Governorates of Kuwait
*Governorates of Lebanon
*Governorates of Oman
*Governorates of Palestine
*Governorates of Saudi Arabia
*Governorates of Syria
*Governorates of Tunisia (*wilayah*)
*Governorates of Yemen
Tanker

**Tanker** may be:

## Transportation 
* Tanker (ship), a ship to carry bulk liquids
** Chemical tanker, a type of tanker to transport chemicals in bulk
** Oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker
** LNG carrier, a ship for transporting liquefied natural gas
* Tank car, a railroad freight car for carrying bulk liquids
* Tank truck, a heavy road vehicle for carrying bulk liquids
* Water tender, a firefighting vehicle used to carry large amounts of water to a fire
* Tanker (aircraft), an aircraft for in-flight refuelling
* Tanker 910, a specific aircraft used to drop water or retardant on fires in California

## Other 
* André Tanker (1941–2003), Trinidadian musician and composer
* *Tanker* (album), a 1988 album by Bailter Space
Governorates of Jordan

Jordan is divided into 12 governorates. In 1994, four new governorates were created: Jerash, Ajloun, Madaba and Aqaba.

The governorates of Jordan are in one of three regions: the North Region, Central Region and the South Region. The regions are mainly distributed by the distance between the cities.

## List 
### North Region 
## Related pages
* List of cities in Jordan

## References 
## Other websites 
* Jordan Governorates: Empowering the Regions
Refinery

A **refinery** is a production place that breaks down certain materials and makes raw material into products of value.

## Types of refineries
Different types of refineries are as follows:

* oil refinery, which changes crude oil into high-octane motor fuel (gasoline/petrol), diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), jet aircraft fuel, kerosene, heating fuel oils, lubricating oils, asphalt and petroleum coke;
* sugar refinery, which changes sugar cane and sugar beets into crystallized sugar and sugar syrups;
* natural gas processing plant, which purifies and changes raw natural gas into residential, commercial and industrial fuel gas, and also recovers natural gas liquids (NGL) such as ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes;
* salt refinery, which cleans common salt (NaCl), made by the solar evaporation of sea water, followed by washing and re-crystallization;
* metal refineries refining metals such as alumina, copper, gold, lead, nickel, silver, uranium, zinc, magnesium and cobalt;
* vegetable oil refinery
Australian Greens

The **Australian Greens** is a green political party in Australia founded in 1992. They are the third-biggest political party in Australia, based on how many votes they got in the 2019 federal election. The leader of the party right now is Larissa Waters. Eleven members of the Senate and four member of the House of Representatives are a part of the Greens.

Bob Brown lead the party in federal parliament from 2005 to 2012. In 2010 Adam Bandt was elected to the seat of Melbourne and became one of several crossbenchers providing support to the Gillard Labor minority government.

The Greens also discuss other issues than the environment, such as equality, human rights, peace and non-violence.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Territorial waters

**Territorial waters** or a **territorial sea** is a belt of coastal waters that goes at most  from the edge of a coastal state. The territorial sea is the land of the state underwater. Foreign ships and submarines are only allowed to sail in territorial waters, when the state gives its permission. Ownership also extends to the airspace above and the seabed below, which is also the same length.

The term "territorial waters" is also sometimes used to mean any area of water, a state has jurisdiction. This includes  internal waters, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and potentially the continental shelf.

Unlike territorial waters, in an exclusive economic zone, foreign ships and submarines from other countries can freely sail without any permission. However, this is under the condition that they are just passing by and not taking any resources, which is only reserved to the state who owns it.

## Contiguous zone
The **contiguous zone** is a band of water that goes from the outer edge of the territorial sea to up to  from the baseline.
Hasan Mushaima

**Hasan Mushaima** is an opposition leader in Bahrain.  He is the secretary-general of the Haq Movement. He wants more democratic rights in Bahrain. He was a starting member of Al Wefaq.  He was in the 1994 uprising in Bahrain.

The Bahraini government arrested Mushaima many times.

In 2010 Mushaima traveled to Great Britain to be treated for lung cancer.

Mushaima said he was going to return to Bahrain during the protests in February 2011.  He was kept in Lebanon. Mushaima finally did return to Bahrain on Saturday, February 26, 2011.

On 22 June 2011, Mushaima was given life imprisonment by a military court for "attempting to overthrow the monarchy".

## References
*Front Line: Ongoing harassment of Bahraini human rights defenders
* Clashes erupt after two opposition figures are held in Bahrain
Beginnings (Ambrose Slade album)

***Beginnings*** is a 1969 rock album by English band Slade, under their earlier name Ambrose Slade. It was the band's first studio album, which failed to chart. In America, the album was titled *Ballzy* and featured new artwork.

The album featured the instrumental single "Genesis".

## Track listing
## Other websites 
* Beginnings at Discogs
Kerrang! Awards

The **Kerrang! Awards** are the United Kingdom's annual music awards run by the music magazine *Kerrang!*. Since they began in 1993, the Kerrang! Awards have become one of Britain's biggest and most advertised music awards.

## Primary winners of each year 
* 1999: Stereophonics (2 awards)
* 2000: Slipknot (3 awards)
* 2001: Papa Roach (2 awards)
* 2003: The Darkness (2 awards)
* 2004: The Darkness (2 awards)
* 2005: Green Day and My Chemical Romance (2 awards)
* 2006: Lostprophets (2 awards)
* 2007: Enter Shikari and Machine Head (2 awards)
* 2008: 30 Seconds to Mars (2 awards)
* 2009: Slipknot (2 awards)
* 2010: Bullet for My Valentine (2 awards)
* 2011: 30 Seconds to Mars (2 awards)

## Other websites 
*Official site
Governorates of Kuwait

The State of Kuwait is divided into 6 '*governorates (*muhafazah*)*'. The governorates are then divided into areas. The governorates were first created in 1962, although several newer ones were created many years later.

## List 
## Related pages 
* Demographics of Kuwait
* Areas of Kuwait
* ISO 3166-2:KW
Slayed?

***Slayed?*** is a 1972 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's third studio album, released as the first since their rise to fame. A successful album, it went to number one in the UK.

The album featured the two singles "Mama Weer All Crazee Now" and "Gudbuy T'Jane".

## Track listing
## Other websites
* Slayed? on AllMusic
* Slayed? at Discogs.com
Sladest

***Sladest*** is a 1973 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's first UK compilation, mixing all the band's hit singles with some songs from before the band's fame. A successful album, it went to number one in the UK.

## Track listing
## Other webcites 
* Sladest on AllMusic
* Sladest on Discogs
Slade in Flame (album)

***Slade in Flame*** is a 1974 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fifth studio album. The album was a soundtrack to the band's own 1975 film *Slade in Flame*. A successful album, it went to number six in the UK.

The album featured the singles "Far Far Away" and "How Does It Feel?".

## Track listing
There were "Bangin' Man" instead of "Summer Song (Wishing You Were Here)" and "Thanks For The Memories" instead of "Heaven Knows" on US version.

## Other webcites 
* Slade in Flame on AllMusic
* Slade in Flame on Discogs
Nobody's Fools

'''''Nobody's Fools''''' is a 1976 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's sixth studio album. A year before, the band had moved to America to try and gain success in the country, causing the band to lose popularity in the UK and Europe. The album showed the band's declining popularity by peaking at #14 in the UK.

The album featured the singles "In For A Penny", "Let's Call It Quits" and "Nobody's Fool".

## Track listing
## Other webcites 
* Nobody's Fools on Discogs
Whatever Happened to Slade

***Whatever Happened to Slade*** is a 1977 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's seventh studio album. After the band had tried to find success in America, the band were no longer popular in the UK or Europe. The album failed to chart in the UK, due to the new interest in Punk music.

The album featured the single "Gypsy Roadhog".

## Track listing
# "Be" (Holder/Lea)
# "Lightning Never Strikes Twice" (Holder/Lea)
# "Gypsy Roadhog" (Holder/Lea) **UK #48**
# "Dogs Of Vengeance" (Holder/Lea)
# "When Fantasy Calls" (Holder/Lea)
# "One Eyed Jacks With Moustaches" (Holder/Lea)
# "Big Apple Blues" (Holder/Lea)
# "Dead Men Tell No Tales" (Holder/Lea)
# "She's Got The Lot" (Holder/Lea)
# "It Ain't Love But It Ain't Bad" (Holder/Lea)
# "The Soul, The Roll and The Motion" (Holder/Lea)

## Other webcites 
* Slade – Whatever Happened To Slade (1977, Vinyl). Discogs
* Whatever Happened to Slade? - Slade. AllMusic
Return to Base

***Return to Base*** is a 1979 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's eighth studio album. Continuing the band's period of low popularity, the band were no longer able to get hit singles or albums. The album was released to failure, where it failed to chart.

The album featured the singles "Ginny, Ginny" and "Sign of the Times".

## Track listing
#"Wheels Ain't Coming Down" (Holder/Lea) - 3:40
#"Hold on to Your Hats" (Holder/Lea) - 2:32
#"Chakeeta" (Holder/Lea) - 2:26
#"Don't Waste Your Time (Back Seat Star)" (Holder/Lea) - 3:28
#"Sign of the Times" (Holder/Lea) - 3:57
#"I'm a Rocker" (Chuck Berry) - 2:46
#"Nut Bolts and Screws" (Holder/Lea) - 2:30
#"My Baby's Got It" (Holder/Lea) - 2:34
#"I'm Mad" (Holder/Lea) - 2:46
#"Lemme Love into Ya" (Holder/Lea) - 3:38
#"Ginny, Ginny" (Holder/Lea) - 3:38

## Other websites 
* Slade - Return To Base | Releases. Discogs
* Return to Base - Slade | Songs, Reviews, Credits. AllMusic
Play It Loud

***Play It Loud*** is a 1970 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's second studio album, released before their fame and therefore failing to chart. In Canada, the album was released in 1973 where it charted at #40.

The album featured the two singles "Shape of Things to Come" and "Know Who You Are" which did not chart.

## Track listing
## Band members 
* Noddy Holder – guitar, vocals
* Jim Lea – bass, keyboards, violin, vocals
* Dave Hill – guitar, vocals
* Don Powell – drums

## References
## Other webcites 
* Play It Loud at Discogs
We'll Bring the House Down

'''''We'll Bring the House Down''''' is a 1981 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's ninth studio album. After the band's period of low popularity, the band played at the 1980 Reading Festival, after Ozzy Osbourne cancelled his appearance at the last minute. The band's performance gave them popularity again and the album peaked at #25 in the UK, becoming their comeback album. The album used the songs "Wheels Ain't Coming Down", "Hold On To Your Hats", "Nut Bolts and Screws", "My Baby's Got It" and "I'm A Rocker" from their previous album *Return to Base* (1979).

The album featured the singles "We'll Bring the House Down" and "Wheels ain't Coming Down".

## Track listing
## Other websites 
* Slade – We'll Bring The House Down (1981, Vinyl). Discogs
* We'll Bring the House Down - Slade | Release Info. AllMusic
The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome

***The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome*** is a 1983 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's eleventh studio album. The album featured two successful UK top ten singles, whilst the album itself peaked at #49 in the UK. It was the  band's most successful album of the 1980s.

The album featured the singles "(And Now the Waltz) C'est La Vie", "My Oh My" and "Run Runaway".

## Track listing
#"Slam the Hammer Down" (Holder/Lea)
#"In the Doghouse" (Holder/Lea)
#"Run Run Away" (Holder/Lea) **UK #7**
#"High and Dry" (Holder/Lea)
#"My Oh My" (Holder/Lea) **UK #2**
#"Cocky Rock Boys (Rule O.K.)" (Holder/Lea)
#"Ready To Explode" (Holder/Lea)
#"(And Now the Waltz) C'est La Vie" (Holder/Lea) **UK #50**
#"Cheap 'N' Nasty Luv" (Holder/Lea)
#"Razzle Dazzle Man" (Holder/Lea)
Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply

***Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply*** is a 1984 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's twelfth studio album. The album was a new version of the band's previous album *The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome*, where it was released in America only, after heavy metal band Quiet Riot had big success with a cover of the Slade song "Cum on Feel the Noize". It became the band's most successful album in America, peaking at #33.

The album featured the singles "Run Runaway", "My Oh My" and the promotional single "Slam the Hammer Down".

## Track listing 
#"Run Runaway" (Holder/Lea) **US #20**
#"My Oh My" (Holder/Lea) **US #37**
#"High And Dry" (Holder/Lea)
#"Slam The Hammer Down" (Holder/Lea)
#"In The Dog House" (Holder/Lea)
#"Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply" (Holder/Lea)
#"Cheap 'N' Nasty Luv" (Holder/Lea)
#"Don't Tame A Hurricane" (Holder/Lea)
#"(And Now The Waltz) C'est La Vie" (Holder/Lea)
#"Ready To Explode" (Holder/Lea)
Rogues Gallery

***Rogues Gallery*** is a 1985 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's thirteenth studio album. Following from the band's European and American success with the singles "My Oh My" and "Run Runaway", the band decided to stop touring but continue recording. The album featured ten radio-friendly songs, although the album was not as successful as hoped, peaking at #60 in the UK.

The album featured the singles "All Join Hands", "7 Year Bitch", "Myzsterious Mizster Jones" and "Little Sheila".

## Track listing
#"Hey Ho Wish You Well" (Holder/Lea)
#"Little Sheila " (Holder/Lea) **US #86**
#"Harmony" (Holder/Lea) 
#"Myzsterious Mizster Jones" (Holder/Lea) **UK #50**
#"Walking On Water, Running On Alcohol" (Holder/Lea) 
#"7 Year Bitch" (Holder/Lea) **UK #60**
#"I'll Be There" (Holder/Lea)
#"I Win, You Lose" (Holder/Lea) 
#"Time To Rock  " (Holder/Lea)
#"All Join Hands" (Holder/Lea) **UK #15**
Old New Borrowed and Blue

***Old New Borrowed and Blue*** is a 1974 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fourth studio album. In America, the album was titled *Stomp Your Hands, Clap Your Feet*. A successful album, it went to number one in the UK.

The album featured the singles "My Friend Stan" and "Everyday".

## Track listing
## Other websites 
* Old New Borrowed and Blue on AllMusic
* Old New Borrowed And Blue on Discogs
Natalie

**Natalie** [ **nat**-l-ee ] is a female given name that comes from late Latin name **Natalia**, which means "Christmas Day". *Natalie* is found in many languages, but is especially common in French and English speaking countries. Natalie is a name that's been popular for centuries due to its beauty and widespread usage across different cultures and languages. It comes from the Latin word "natalis," which means "birth" or "birthday." Natalie is often associated with Christmas, a holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. The name has been used in many cultures and languages, with different spellings in French, Spanish, Russian, and Italian. It's also been widely used in countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. This name was ranked #56 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Natalie Biden, American internet personality and granddaughter of U.S. President Joe Biden
* Natalie Cole, American singer and songwriter (1950-2015)
* Natalie Merchant, American singer-songwriter
* Natalie Portman, American actress and filmmaker
* Natalie Wood, American actress (1938-1981)

## References
Grande école

**Grandes écoles** are specialized universities in France. Each grande école only teaches a very limited number of subjects. Unlike the other universities in France, the grandes écoles can pick the students they admit. These students have to follow special courses and tests before they are admitted. The grandes écoles award degrees that correspond to a master's degree; they do not award bachelor's degrees. There is no exhaustive list, but in general, there are the following types of grandes écoles, along with some of the representative schools in each category:
*Sciences: École normale supérieure
*Engineering: École polytechnique, École centrale Paris, Mines ParisTech, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées
*Aviation: École nationale de l'aviation civile, Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées
*Politics and public administration: Institut d'études politiques de Paris, École nationale d'administration
*Business: École des hautes études commerciales de Paris, Emlyon Business School
*Military: École Navale, École de l'Air
*Veterinary:, such as the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort
*Archival science: École nationale des chartes
Till Deaf Do Us Part

***Till Deaf Do Us Part*** is a 1981 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's tenth studio album. After the band's comeback at the 1980 Reading Festival, the band were now popular again amongst heavy metal fans. The band released a hard rock/heavy metal album to fit with this new success, and the album itself peaked at #68 in the UK.

The album featured the singles "Knuckle Sandwich Nancy", "Lock Up Your Daughters", Ruby Red" and "Rock and Roll Preacher".

## Track listing
#"Rock N Roll Preacher" (Holder/Lea)  **DE #49**
#"Lock Up Your Daughters" (Holder/Lea) **UK #29**
#"Till Deaf Do Us Part" (Holder/Lea)
#"Ruby Red" (Holder/Lea) **UK #51**
#"She Brings Out The Devil In Me" (Holder/Lea)
#"A Night To Remember" (Holder/Lea)
#"M'Hat, M'Coat" (Holder/Lea)
#"Its Your Body Not Your Mind" (Holder/Lea)
#"That Was No Lady, That Was M'Wife" (Holder/Lea)
#"Knuckle Sandwich Nancy" (Holder/Lea)
#"Till Deaf Do Us Part (Reprise)" (Holder/Lea)
Crackers – The Christmas Party Album

***Crackers – The Christmas Party Album*** is a 1985 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fourteenth studio album. The album mainly featured new versions of Slade songs, various versions of party anthems, previous Slade hits. The album was successful, peaking at #34 in the UK, receiving a Gold award for sales.

The album featured the single "Do You Believe in Miracles".

## Track listing
#"Let's Dance"
#"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town"
#"Hi Ho Silver Lining"
#"We'll Bring the House Down"
#"Cum On Feel the Noize" *(re-recording)*
#"All Join Hands"
#"Okey Cokey"
#"Merry Xmas Everybody"
#"Do You Believe in Miracles" **UK #54**
#"Let's Have a Party!"
#"Get Down and Get with It"
#"My Oh My"
#"Run Runaway"
#"Here's to... (the New Year)"
#"Do They Know It's Christmas"
#"Auld Lang Syne / You'll Never Walk Alone"
You Boyz Make Big Noize

***You Boyz Make Big Noize*** is a 1987 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fourteenth and last studio album. The album featured twelve radio-friendly songs, although the album was not as successful as hoped, peaking at #98 in the UK.

The album featured the singles "Still the Same", "That's What Friends Are For", "You Boyz Make Big Noize", "Ooh La La in L.A." and "We Won't Give In".

## Track listing
# "Love Is Like A Rock" (Avsec/McClain/Ierace/Hoenes/Valentine)
# "That's What Friends Are For" (Holder/Lea) **UK #95**
# "Still The Same" (Holder/Lea) **UK #73**
# "Fools Go Crazy" (Holder/Lea)
# "She's Heavy" (Holder/Lea)
# "We Won't Give In" (Holder/Lea) ***UK #121***
# "Won't You Rock With Me" (Holder/Lea)
# "Ooh La La In L.A." (Holder/Lea) ***Did Not Chart***
# "Me And The Boys" (Holder/Lea)
# "Sing Shout (Knock Yourself Out)" (Holder/Lea)
# "The Roaring Silence" (Holder/Lea)
# "It's Hard Having Fun Nowadays" (Holder/Lea)
# "You Boyz Make Big Noize" (Holder/Lea) ***UK #94***
#* featured on later editions of the album
Slade Alive, Vol. 2

***Slade Alive, Vol. 2*** is a 1978 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's second live album. Released during the band's period of low popularity, the album failed to chart or gain the same success as the first live album *Slade Alive!* did.

## Track listing 
#"Get On Up" - 6:02 (Holder/Lea)
#"Take Me Bak 'Ome" - 4:20 (Holder/Lea)
#"My Baby Left Me" - 2:41 (Crudup)
#"Be" - 3:51 (Holder/Lea)
#"Mama Weer All Crazee Now" - 3:58 (Holder/Lea)
#"Burning in the Heat of Love" - 3:46 (Holder/Lea)
#"Everyday" - 3:35 (Holder/Lea)
#"Gudbuy T'Jane" - 4:59 (Holder/Lea)
#"One Eyed Jacks With Moustaches" - 3:25 (Holder/Lea)
#"Cum on Feel the Noize" - 4:21 (Holder/Lea)
Slade on Stage

***Slade on Stage*** is a 1982 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's third and last live album. The album peaked at #58 in the UK.

## Track listing
#"Rock 'n' Roll Preacher" - 5:19 (Holder/Lea)
#"When I'm Dancin' I Ain't Fightin'" - 3:43 (Holder/Lea)
#"Take Me Bak 'Ome" - 4:33 (Holder/Lea)
#"Everyday" - 3:18 (Holder/Lea)
#"Lock Up Your Daughters" - 4:03 (Holder/Lea)
#"We'll Bring the House Down" - 4:17 (Holder/Lea)
#"A Night to Remember" - 8:10 (Holder/Lea)
#"Gudbuy T'Jane" - 4:40 (Holder/Lea)
#"Mama Weer All Crazee Now" - 2:56 (Holder/Lea)
#"You'll Never Walk Alone" - 0:35 (Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein)
Aeronautical literary festival

The **Salon du livre aéronautique** (in English : **aeronautical literary festival**) is an events for aviation books and writing created in 2009 and organized each year in Toulouse (campus of ENAC) by the French Civil Aviation University and the ENAC Alumni association.

The event welcomes both large and small publishers and representatives of the book industry. Its originality is to be open to professionals and general public. On one day, meetings are organized with writers, authors ... The diversity of participants, book signings, discussion topics and activities have helped to make this appointment a great cultural and festive time.

## Notable participants 
* Jean-François Clervoy
* Guy Jalabert
* Yves Marc
* Bernard Mark
* Patrick Poivre d'Arvor
* André Turcat
* Bernard Ziegler
* Jean-Marc Zuljani

## References
Laura

The name **Laura** [ **lahv**-rah; *English* **lah**-vr*uh* ] is a female given name in Latin Europe whose meaning, "Bay Laurel", translates to everyman. The name is from the bay laurel plant, which in the Greco-Roman era, was used as a symbol of victory, fame or honor. 

Around British North America, it is likely the name *Laura* was strongly popular for female babies until its rapid decline in late 19th century. It rebounded various times since, although it has steadily declined in popularity in some countries. This name was ranked #391 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

There are many celebrities carrying the name *Laura*.

In 2020, Hurricane Laura struck western Louisiana and southeast Texas. The storm caused $19 billion in damage. The name *Laura* was retired and replaced by *Leah*

## People 
* Laura Branigan, American singer (1952-2004)
* Laura Marano, American actress and singer
* Laura Marling, British folk singer-songwriter

## References
Bugatti

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**Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.** is a French supercar company currently owned by Volkswagen. They made cars back in the early 1900s. They made cars such as the Bugatti Veyron. Unlike the regular Veyron, with 300 produced, there are only 20 supersport versions, which used to hold the record for world's fastest car at 267mph. However, that record has been broken by the new Bugatti Chiron, breaking the 300mph barrier. All Bugattis have a 16-cylinder engine and all cost between $1.8 million to $2.2 million (not counting the extras). 1909

## Other websites
* 
*