Yad Vashem

**Yad Vashem** is a memorial site in Jerusalem for the victims of the Holocaust. It includes a museum, a school for teachers, and a library where archives are stored. The site is located in the Jerusalem Forest on the western slope of Mount Herzl. It is 804 meters (2,638 ft) above sea level.

## Administration
In November 2008, Rabbi Yisrael Meir Lau was appointed as Yad Vashem Council's chairman. The Council's vice-chairman is Moshe Kantor. Meanwhile, Elie Wiesel was the vice-chairman of the council until he died on July 2, 2016. Yitzhak Arad was the vice-chairman until he died on May 6, 2021.  

### Directorate
Yitzhak Arad was the directorate's chairman from 1972 to 1993, succeeded by Avner Shalev, the chairman until February 2021. He was succeeded by Dani Dayan in August 2021. 

The directorate's members are Avraham Duvdevani, Boleslaw Goldman, Dalit Stauber, Daniel Atar, Dudi Zilbershlag, Michal Cohen, Shlomit Kasirer, Shoshana Weinshall, Vera H. Golovensky, Yehiel Leket, Yossi Ahimeir, Yossi Katribas and Zehava Tanne. Former deceased members were Baruch Shub, Matityahu Drobles and Moshe Ha-Elion.

The CEO is Tzvika Fayirizen. The Director of the International Institute for Holocaust Research is Iael Nidam-Orvieto. The chair for Holocaust studies is Dan Michman, and Prof. Dina Porat is the Senior Academic Advisor, She also served as Chief Historian between the years 2011-2022.

## Museum
### Opening
Yad Vashem's building on the Mount of Remembrance was completed in 1957. Its first exhibition, opened in 1958, focused on documents about the Holocaust. The second exhibition, opened in 1959, presented paintings from the camps and Holocaust Ghettos.

### Expansion
In 1993, planning began for a larger and more advanced museum. The new building, designed by Canadian-Israeli architect Moshe Safdie, consists of a long corridor connected to 10 exhibition halls, each dedicated to a stage of the Holocaust.

#### New museum
The new museum was dedicated on March 15, 2005 in the presence of leaders from 40 states, and then-UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. President of Israel Moshe Katzav said that Yad Vashem served as "an important signpost to all of humankind, a signpost that warns how short the distance is between hatred and murder, between racism and genocide". 

The museum combines the stories of 90 Holocaust victims and survivors, presenting 2,500+ items, including artwork and letters. Old displays about Nazism and antisemitism have been replaced by those focusing on the stories of Jewish victims.
 
## Archives
The Archive is Yad Vashem's oldest department. The best known items are the photos and the Pages of Testimonies. The latter is a database of Holocaust victims and survivors. Yad Vashem has also gained access to the database of the International Tracing Service of Bad Arolsen of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

## Architecture
The first Yad Vashem's architect was Munio Weinraub, who worked on it from 1943 until the 1960s. The new Holocaust History Museum, designed by Moshe Safdie, is shaped like a triangular concrete prism cutting through the landscape, illuminated by a  skylight. Visitors follow a route through underground galleries branching off from the main hall. Safdie is also the architect behind the Children's Memorial and the Deportees Memorial. The gates were designed by the sculptor David Palombo (1920–66).

## Hall of Names
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The Hall of Names is a memorial to the 6,000,000+ Holocaust victims. The main hall has two cones: one ten meters high, with a reciprocal well-like cone excavated into the underground rock, its base filled with water. On the upper cone is a display of 600 photos of Holocaust victims, reflected in the water at the lower cone's bottom, commemorating unknown victims.

Surrounding the platform is the circular repository, housing the 2,700,000+ Pages of Testimony collected to date. Since the 1950s, Yad Vashem has collected 110,000+ audio, video, and Holocaust survivors' testimonies. As the survivors age, the program has been expanded to visiting survivors in their homes, to tape interviews. Adjoining the hall is a study area with a computerized data bank where visitors can search for Holocaust victims' names online.

## Righteous Among the Nations
One of Yad Vashem's tasks is to honor non-Jews who risked their lives or liberty to save Jews. A special independent commission, headed by a retired Supreme Court justice, was founded. The commission members, including historians, lawyers, public figures, and Holocaust survivors, evaluate each case according to a well-defined set of criteria and regulations. 

The Righteous receive a certificate of honor and a medal, and their names are commemorated in the Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations, on the Mount of Remembrance. As of 2021, 27,921+ persons have been recognized as Righteous Among the Nations, with 555 of them recognized in that year.

## *Yad Vashem Studies*
*Yad Vashem Studies* is a peer-reviewed semi-annual scholarly journal on the Holocaust. Published since 1957, it has both English and Hebrew versions.

## Gallery

Image:Israel-Yad Vashem Garden of righteous.jpg|Garden of the Righteous among the Nations
Image:Ohelyzkor12.jpg|The Eternal Flame Hall
Image:PikiWiki Israel 12500 childre holocaust memorial at yad vashem.jpg|Children's Memorial Hall
Image:PikiWiki Israel 12503 childrens memorial at yad vashem.jpg|Memorial to the Jewish children murdered by the Nazis
Image:Yad Vashem Hall of Names by David Shankbone.jpg|Hall of Names
Image:YadVashem Train Car.JPG|Cattle car memorial
Image:YadVashem Valley of the Communities 002.jpg|Valley of the Destroyed Communities
Image:Yad Vashem BW 2.JPG|Memorial to Janusz Korczak and the children

## Related pages
* United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
* POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews

## Footnotes
## References