open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Eresus

The **Eresus** or **Ladybird spider** is a type of velvet spider with spots on its back resembling a ladybug. 

## Species
* *Eresus kollari* Rossi, 1846 — Europe to Central Asia
* *Eresus moravicus* Řezáč, 2008 — Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia
* *Eresus robustus* Franganillo, 1918 — Spain
* *Eresus rotundiceps* Simon, 1873 — Ukraine, Turkmenistan
* *Eresus ruficapillus* C. L. Koch, 1846 — Sicily, Croatia
* *Eresus sandaliatus* (Martini & Goeze, 1778) — Northern Europe
* *Eresus walckenaeri* Brullé, 1832 — Mediterranean
Solifugae

**Solifugae** is an order of arachnids sometimes called 'camel spiders', 'wind scorpions' or 'sun spiders'. Although they look rather like spiders, they are not spiders, and they are not scorpions. 

The order includes more than 1,000 species in about 153 genera. Much like a spider, the body of a Solifugid is separated into an opisthosoma (abdomen) and a prosoma (a combined head and thorax). Unlike scorpions, they do not have tails, and they do not have venom.

Most species of Solifugids live in dry climates. They are found in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. The largest species grow to a length of , including legs. They are not normally dangerous to people.

## References
MP-40

The **MP-40** (German: *Maschinenpistole 40*) (English: *Machine pistol 40*), is a type of sub-machine gun. It is also known as the Schmeisser for Hugo Schmeisser, who designed other weapons but not this one. It was developed in the late 1930s and was first used in the early 1940s. It was used by the German Military during World War 2. It fired 9mm bullets and had a 32-round magazine. The weapon could only fire in full-automatic fire, but since the weapon had such a slow rate of fire of 500 rounds per minute, it was possible to fire individual bullets. It was one of the first weapons made completely out of plastic and steel, making it both cheap and quick to make. The design was so good and so reliable that British soldiers would often ditch their own Sten sub-machine guns and use the MP-40 instead. This would not have been a big problem since both weapons fire the same type of bullet and clip.
Shoichi Funaki

(born August 24, 1968), is a Japanese former professional wrestler. He is signed to WWE, where he is part of the Japanese commentary team and is best known for wrestling there from 1998–2010 under the ring names **Funaki** and **Kung Fu Naki**. He is a former WWE Cruiserweight Champion and WWF Hardcore Champion.

## Championships
]]
***Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Gumi**
**Challenge Cup Tournament (1994)
***Pro Wrestling Illustrated
**He was ranked **#103** of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the year in the PWI 500 in 2001.
***Texas Wrestling Alliance**
**TWA Heavyweight Championship (one time)
***Universal Wrestling Association**
**UWA World Middleweight Championship (one time)
***World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment'''
**WWE Cruiserweight Championship (one time)
**WWF Hardcore Championship (one time)

## References
## Other websites
*FUNAKI Dojo
Bread roll

A **bread roll** is a piece of bread, usually small and round and is usually a side dish. Bread rolls are most times used in the same way as sandwiches are - cut in half, with items like butter placed between the two halves.

There are many names for bread rolls, especially in local versions of British English. These were named depending on how the dough was made and how the roll was cooked.

Bread rolls are common in Europe, mostly in Germany and Austria. They are also common in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and very common in Canada. In Germany and Austria, there is a large variety of bread rolls, ranging from white rolls made with wheat flour, to dark rolls containing mostly rye flour. Many variants include spices, such as coriander and cumin, nuts, or seeds, such as sesame seeds, poppy seed or sunflower seeds.

An Italian form of bread roll is a small loaf of ciabatta which can be used to make a *panino* (or *panini*).  In Denmark and Norway, rolls are called *rundstykker* (literally "round pieces") and are comfort food eaten with butter for special weekend breakfasts.

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## Related pages 
*Breakfast roll
*Crescent roll
*Scuffler

## Other websites 
* 
*Recipe for and photos of making baps, Scottish breakfast rolls 
*Recipe for and photos of making bialys, Jewish breakfast rolls 
*Recipe for and photos of making soft rolls from a 1928 baking book
*Recipe for and photos of making pistolets, French dinner rolls
David Otunga

**David Daniel Otunga, Sr.** (born April 7, 1980) is an American lawyer, actor and former professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in WWE, where he became a two-time WWE Tag Team Champion, winning it once with John Cena and once with Michael McGillicutty. He competed on the first season of NXT with R-Truth as his pro, and was a member of the professional wrestling stable The Nexus.

He was engaged to actress Jennifer Hudson. Otunga and Hudson split up in November 2017.

## Early life
Otunga is the son of a Kenyan father, Moses, and white American mother, Billie, both of whom were educators. He is the youngest of three children. Following his graduation, he moved to New York, where he worked at Columbia University as a lab manager in a cognitive neuroscience center. Following his graduation, he worked for the Sidley Austin LLP law firm.

## Championships
***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**PWI Feud of the Year (2010) (The Nexus vs. WWE)
**PWI Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2010) (as part of The Nexus)
**PWI Rookie of the Year (2010)
**He was ranked **#84** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2012.
***World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE**
**WWE Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with John Cena (1) and Michael McGillicutty (1))
**Slammy Award for Shocker of the Year (2010) (the debut of The Nexus)
**Slammy Award for Pee-wee Herman Bowtie Award (2011)

* ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
** Worst Television Announcer (2016)

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*
Jive

**Jive** may mean one of these:

*Jive (dance): A dance, one of the International Latin dances.
*Jive Records: a record company.
*Jive (dialect): African American Vernacular English.
Imperial Vengeance

**Imperial Vengeance** are a metal band from the United Kingdom. They formed in late 2007. They were recognized from 2008 with the release of their self released  EP *Death: August and Royal*, then later with debut album *At The Going Down OF The Sun* in 2009 via Candlelight Records.
Jive (dance)

**Jive** is a dance, one of the five International Latin ballroom dances. It originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1940s. It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the earlier forms of Swing dance such as the Jitterbug.

Jive is danced in 4/4 time, and in competition at a speed of 44 bars per minute. It differs from Rock 'n Roll (dance) in having a syncopated chassé. Steps are counted 1, 2, 3 & 4, with 3 & 4 as the chassé.

## History 
American soldiers brought Lindy Hop/Jitterbug to Europe around 1942, where this dance quickly became popular among the young. In the United States the term 'Swing' became the most common word used to describe the dance. In the UK variations in technique led to styles such as Boogie-Woogie and Swing Boogie, with 'Jive' gradually emerging as the generic term.

After the war, the boogie became the dominant form for popular music. It was, however, never far from criticism as a foreign, vulgar dance. The famous ballroom dancing guru, Alex Moore, said that he had "never seen anything uglier". English instructors developed the elegant and lively ballroom Jive, danced to slightly slower music. In 1968 it was adopted as the fifth Latin dance in International competitions. The modern form of ballroom jive in the 1990s-present, is a very happy and boppy dance, the lifting of knees and the bending or rocking of the hips often occurs.

## Basic step
The basic step (Jive Basic) is a six beat pattern, comprising eight weight changes.
:Leader: Normally the male
*Counts 1 2 - Rock step: left foot step back, right foot replace
*Counts 3 & 4 - Chassé to the left
*Counts 5 & 6 - Chassé to the right
:The follower's steps are mirrored.

## Other websites 
*Alan Tornsberg & Serena Lecca dance the basic jive (bit slower than competition speed): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Go51-0ezus

## References
Albuquerque, New Mexico

**Albuquerque** (also known by locals as **Duke City** or **ABQ**) is the largest city in the state of New Mexico and is the seat of Bernalillo County. It has a population of 564,559 as of 2020, making it the 32nd largest city proper in the United States.

The city was founded as **Alburquerque** in 1706, and is notable for its mix of European, Hispanic, and Native American populations and cultures. Albuquerque is located on the Río Grande.

Interstate 40 and Interstate 25 meet at an interchange known as the Big I, and U.S. Route 66 used to run through Albuquerque along Central Avenue.

Events held in Albuquerque include:

*Gathering of Nations, the largest pow-wow in North America
*Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta, the largest hot air balloon festival in the world

The popular TV show *Breaking Bad* was set in Albuquerque between 2008 and 2010.

## Climate
Albuquerque's climate is semi-arid. During the summer temperatures average highs in the 80s to 100s in degrees Fahrenheit (30s and 40s in degrees Celsius) and lows in the 60s and 70s ºF (10s and 20s ºC). During the winter temperatures average highs in the 40s and 50s ºF (0s and 10s ºC) and lows in the 20s and 30s ºF (-0s and 0s ºC).

## References
The Bella Twins

**The Bella Twins** (born November 21, 1983 in San Diego, California) are a professional wrestling tag team. It consists of two twin sisters: **Brie Bella** and **Nikki Bella**. The are signed with WWE, where they perform on their Raw brand. Both twins won the WWE Divas Championship. On April 30, 2012, their contracts with WWE expired and they left. 

They returned to WWE on March 11, 2013 and became  part of the main cast of the reality show *Total Divas* made by WWE. They also got their own spin-off series, Total Bellas, and were inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2021. They left WWE again in 2023, retired from wrestling and appear ed as the **Garcia Twins**. Nikki returned to WWE in 2025 at the Royal Rumble, while Brie returned at the following year's edition. 

## Books
**Incomparable* (2020)

## Movies and TV
### Film 
### Television 
### Music videos 
## Championships and accomplishments 
* ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
** PWI ranked Brie No. 12 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the *PWI Female 50* in 2015
** PWI ranked Nikki No. 1 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the *PWI Female 50* in 2015
** Rolling Stone named Nikki as the Most Improved Wrestler in 2015
* **Teen Choice Awards**
** Choice Female Athlete (2016)
* **WrestleCrap**
** Gooker Award (2014) Feud between each other (co-winner with Vince McMahon)
* **Wrestling Observer Newsletter**
** Worst Feud of the Year (2014) Brie vs. Nikki
** Worst Feud of the Year (2015) Team PCB vs. Team B.A.D. vs. Team Bella
** Worst Worked Match of the Year (2013) with Cameron, Eva Marie, JoJo, Naomi, and Natalya vs. AJ Lee, Aksana, Alicia Fox, Kaitlyn, Rosa Mendes, Summer Rae and Tamina Snuka on November 24
* **WWE**
** WWE Divas Championship (3 times) – Brie (1), Nikki (2)
** Slammy Award (4 times)
*** Couple of the Year (2013), 2014) 
*** Diva of the Year (2013) 
*** Diva of the Year (2015) 
** WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2020)

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Diane Kruger

]]

**Diane Kruger** (born 15 July 1976) is a German actress and model.

## Early life 
Diane Kruger was born as **Diane Heidkrüger** in Algermissen, West Germany.

## Filmography 
## Awards 
* 2003 Cannes Film Festival, Chopard Trophy, Female Revelation–Won
* 2004 Bambi Award, Career–Won
* 2005 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films Nomination, Saturn Award, Best Supporting Actress for National Treasure (2004)–Nominated
* 2010 Goldene Kamera Berlin, Beste Internationale Schauspielerin–Won

## Other websites 
* 
* Diane Kruger  at Fascination
* Diane Kruger  at AskMen
* Diane Kruger Unofficial website
Dirge

A **dirge** is a sad song or poem of unhappiness. They are usually sung at funerals. For example, a dirge was sung for the soldiers that had died in the Battle of Gettysburg before Abraham Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address. The word *dirge* came from the Latin word *dirige*, which means "direct". It is likely that *dirge* also came from the old expression *Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in conspectu tuo viam meam* ("Direct my way in your sight, O Lord my God"). "Dirge", meaning *to direct*, is the same as a "dirigible" ("steerable") airship. These two words became connected in 1937 because of the Hindenburg disaster.
## References
Wade Barrett

**Stuart Alexander "Stu" Bennett** (born 10 August 1980), better known by his ring name **Wade Barrett**, is an English professional wrestling commentator, actor, former professional wrestler and former bare-knuckle boxer. He is signed to WWE, where is a colour commentator on the SmackDown brand. As an active wrestler he was also known under the ring names **Bad News Barrett** and **King Barrett**. He is a five-time Intercontinental Champion, the winner of the first season of *NXT*, and the 2015 King of the Ring.

Barrett was born in Penwortham. He lived in Preston until he was six. He then moved to Wales.

After winning *NXT* in 2010, he made his debut on the main roster on the June 7 episode of *Raw* as the leader of The Nexus. He was later removed from being the leader of Nexus after CM Punk gave him the opportunity to regain the leadership saying that if he won a three-way steel cage match to determine the number one contender for the WWE Championship, but during the match Punk came down to ringside and took off Barrett's Nexus armband, which symbolically removed him from the Nexus, and he went on to lose the match. He then joined a new group, The Corre.

On 28 April 2016 episode of *Raw*, Barrett competed in the 2015 King of the Ring tournament. In the tournament, he defeated Dolph Ziggler in the first round after Sheamus distracted Ziggler. The next night on the WWE Network, Barrett defeated R-Truth in the semi-finals and defeated Neville in the finals win the tournament and become King of the Ring. On 6 May 2016, Barrett was released from WWE and retired from wrestling. He returned to WWE as a commentator for *NXT* in September 2020, and was called up to the main roster again two years later.

## Acting career 
### Film 
### Television 
### Web 
## Championships and accomplishments 
.]]
* ***The Baltimore Sun***
** Feud of the Year (2010) 
** Newcomer of the Year (2010)
** Dropkixx IWC European Heavyweight Title Tournament (2005)
** Best Physical Appearance Award (2005)
* **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
** OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Paul Burchill
* ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
** Feud of the Year (2010) 
** Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2010) – 
** Ranked No. 19 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the *PWI 500* in 2011
* **WWE/World Wrestling Entertainment**
** WWE Intercontinental Championship (5 times)
** King of the Ring (2015)
** *NXT* (season one)
** WWE Intercontinental Championship No. 1 Contender's Tournament (2014)
** Slammy Award (1 time)
*** Shocker of the Year (2010)  – 
## References
## Other websites
*
* 
*
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

The ***Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders*** (**DSM**)  is a book explaining mental disorders. It is published by the American Psychiatric Association. It is used in the United States and around the world by doctors, researchers, health insurance companies, companies which make medicine, and others.

There have been five versions since it was first published in 1952. Each time, more mental disorders were added, although some have been removed and are no longer seen as mental disorders. An example of this is homosexuality. 

The manual was developed from systems for collecting census and psychiatric hospital statistics, and from a manual written by the US Army. A lot of changes were made to it in 1980. The last time it was greatly changed was the fourth edition ("'''DSM-IV'''"), published in 1994, but small changes to text were made in a 2000 version. The fifth edition ("DSM-5") was published May 2013.

The DSM has been criticized for being too influenced by the drug industry.

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD, has a section about mental and behavioral disorders which is different from the DSM. The ICD, not the DSM, is the system used by the United States government.

## References
B cell

**B cells** are lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Once the B cell is activated, it turns into a plasma cell, and starts producing antibodies. They are a vital part of the adaptive immune system. They have a protein on the B cell's outer surface known as a 'B cell receptor'. This allows a B cell to bind to a **specific** antigen.

The main functions of B cells are:
#to make antibodies against antigens, 
#to perform the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), 
#to develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction.

Recently, a new, suppressive function of B cells has been discovered.

In mammals, immature B cells are formed in the bone marrow, hence their name.

## Note
## References 
## Other websites 
* B Cells and T Cells 
* B Cell Development and Generation of Lymphocyte Diversity 
* Interactive Animation of B Cell Maturation (requires Flash video software)
Royal Oak, Michigan

**Royal Oak** is a city in the state of Michigan. It has a population of 58,211, as of 2020. 

It is in Oakland County. The mayor of Royal Oak is Michael Fournier.
Steve Brookstein

**Steve Brookstein** (born 10 November 1968) is a British soul and jazz singer from London. 

## Career
He has been active since he won the 2004 UK series of talent show *The X Factor*. He has had 1 hit single to date, number 1 hit, Against All Odds a cover of the 1984 Phil Collins original his version was number 11 in Ireland. He was part of the Syco Music record label. His first album *Heart & Soul* reached number 1 in the United Kingdom album charts. His second album *40,000 Things *only reached number 165.

## Discography
### Albums
### Singles
### Music videos
## References
Benediction

**Benediction** is a short prayer for help and blessings from God. They are usually delivered at the end of a worship service. Roman Catholics have many more benedictions, usually with many candles (even poor churches have at least ten), than Protestants, who only have a few simple benedictions. A kind of benediction that is often done in both Roman Catholic and Protestant churches is for the worship leader to raise his hands and say the Biblical Priestly Blessing (). This was made popular by Martin Luther in his Deutsche Messe (German Mass). It is a tradition in most Lutheran Churches. F. Scott Fitzgerald also wrote a short story called *Benediction* in 1920.

## References
Troy (movie)

from the film]]

***Troy*** is a 2004 American epic historical action movie about the Trojan War. The movie was nominated for an Oscar in 2005. It stars Brad Pitt as Achilles, Eric Bana as Hector, and Peter O'Toole as King Priam. Diane Kruger is Helen of Sparta.

## Plot
In Sparta, Prince Hector and his young brother Paris want Troy and Sparta to have peace but there is a war. The Greeks come and take control of a beach at Troy. Achilles and the Myrmidons kill many Trojans. Achilles and Hector meet but do not fight. The Trojans have a surprise attack. As the Greeks are close to losing, Achilles comes with the Myrmidons, and joins the fight. Achilles fights Hector and Hector is killed. After Hector's death, the Greeks make a plan to come into Troy using a wooden horse. Trojans think the wooden horse is a gift to the Gods. The Trojans take the horse into the city and . Greeks come out of the horse at night, opening the doors to the city. This lets the army enter the city and The Trojans are defeated. Paris killed Achilles but died after the war.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
*
*
Gabor Acs

**Gabor Acs** (born 1926 in Budapest) is a Hungarian architect.  He was a member of Order of Architects in Rome. 

## Education 
He enrolled at the Faculty of Architecture-Engineering, University of Budapest, where he graduated in 1948. With the arrival of Soviet Forces, the father decides to leave for Italy with his family, living in Rome. Gabor then moved to Milan for his degree in architecture from the Polytechnic. After graduating in 1953, decided to reach the United States. 

## Career 
After some experience with architectural design, he became associated with **I. M. Pei and Partners** in New York. From 1956 to 1963, in association with Pei and Henry N. Cobb, he designed residential buildings in New York, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh and other urban planning projects including the Master Plan of Cleveland, Ohio.

As **SGI**'s chief architect, Gabor Acs, and **Watergate complex** chief architect Luigi Moretti, flew to New York City on May 17 1962 and defended the complex's design in a special three-hour meeting with **United States Commission of Fine Arts** members.

## Italy 
Then he transfers its business in Rome and since 1963, in his office in Piazza Navona, running projects for Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Canada, France, Guinea, Iran, Italy, Kenya, Libya, Mexico, Monaco, Nigeria, Venezuela, Zaire. 
These include in particular: 

* in 1963 *Port Royal* residential tower in Montreal (Canada) and Victoria Place *business center* working with Luigi Moretti and Pier Luigi Nervi; in 1964: building and offices and gallery trading on Champs Elysees Pan-Am Building in Paris; in 1966: 5 residential towers in Mexico City in 1967: Headquarters of the Red Cross and Expansion, Rue de Berry in Paris; in 1968: *residential building* Sperlinga Villa, in Palermo; in 1969: the hotel and residential tower *Mirabeau* in Monaco and the headquarters of the Toyota in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia); in 1979: three offices' towers and pedestrian plaza of the complex Fiera District in Bologna, in collaboration with Kenzō Tange; in 1980: National Center for Civil Defence in Rome. 

## Personal life 
Gabor Acs lives in Rome with his wife Armelle.

## References
Table football

**Table football**, **table soccer** and **foosball**, are regional names of a table-top game based on association football (EUR) or soccer (USA). The name "foosball" comes from the German word for football, "Fussball" or "Fußball". Both a recreational game and a serious sport, the game can be played by two (singles) or four (doubles) players.  

Tables are broadly defined as professional or home-grade. The tables function the same, but just like pool tables, vary widely in features.

Home-grade tables are great for kids and casual players. A professional grade table in a home game room is a sign of a serious player.

Foosball is played world-wide and professional grade tables reflect unique characteristics of their country of origin.

Serious players need the additional ball control, weight and strength that professional-grade products feature to handle four adult players. 

Currently the game of foosball is again expanding in popularity. For serious players there are local, state, regional, national and international tournaments. 

.

## Other websites
*International Table Soccer Federation
*Foosball table this year
Wolfgang Petersen

**Wolfgang Petersen** (14 March 1941 – 12 August 2022) was a German movie director and screenwriter. His work included *The NeverEnding Story*, *Enemy Mine*, *Outbreak*, *In the Line of Fire*, *Air Force One*, *Das Boot*, *The Perfect Storm*, *Troy* and *Poseidon*. 

Petersen was born in Emden, Lower Saxony, Germany. One of his first efforts was the 1977 *Die Konsequenz*.

Peterson died of pancreatic cancer on 12 August 2022, at the age of 81, at his home in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California.

## References
## Other websites
*
Keith Magnuson

**Keith Magnuson** (April 27, 1947 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan – December 15, 2003 in Vaughan, Ontario) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who was the captain of the Chicago Blackhawks from 1976 to 1979. He died in a car accident and the driver of the car, fellow NHL alumni Rob Ramage survived and was charged with vehicular manslaughter.

His jersey number is retired by the Chicago Blackhawks.

## Other websites
*
Spencer Pratt

**Spencer Pratt** (born August 14, 1983 in Los Angeles, California) is an American television personality. He is best known from the MTVs series *The Hills*.

Pratt and Heidi Montag were housemates in the January 2013 series of Celebrity Big Brother (UK).
Emden

**Emden** is a town in the most northwest of Germany. It is the main town of the region of East Frisia, and also a port town of the North Sea. About 51,000 people were living in Emden in 2016.

## Climate 
## Sister cities/towns 
 Haugesund, Rogaland, Norway.

## Famous people 
* Johannes Althusius
* Jacob Emden
* Henri Nannen
* Wolfgang Petersen
* Otto Waalkes
* Ferydoon Zandi

## References
## Other websites 
* Emden Homepage
* Kunsthalle Emden 
* Kickers Emden
* Chess 
* Cruisers EMDEN, Frigates EMDEN - 5 warships named EMDEN until today
Training Day

**Training Day** is a 2001 American crime drama thriller movie. It stars Denzel Washington and Ethan Hawke. Washington won an Academy Award for his leading role as psychopathic LAPD detective Alonzo Harris. It was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was also remade as a tv series in 2017 starring Bill Paxton.

## Other websites 
*
Tosh.0

***Tosh.0*** is an American comedy television show that was created by comedian Daniel Tosh.

*Tosh.0* began on Comedy Central on June 4, 2009. The show focuses on viral videos from the internet with sarcastic commentary, interviews, and short comedy routines. Being a master comedian, Daniel Tosh turns the worst of internet videos to very funny comedy routines. The show entered its second season on January 13, 2010 and entered its third season on January 11, 2011. The series finale aired on November 24, 2020.

Before Tosh.0 goes to a commercial break, Tosh mentions to a canceled Comedy Central show (usually by the name "We'll be right back with more "Onion SportsDome").

Tosh also talks to his fans during the commercial breaks of Tosh.0 on his Twitter account during live broadcasts in the East Coast.

## Other websites
*Tosh.0 at comedycentral.com
Sulfide

**Sulfide** (**sulphide** in British English) is an anion of  sulfur in its lowest oxidation number of -2.  Sulfide is also a term for thioethers, a common type of  compound which are known for their bad odours, an example is H2S (hydrogen sulfide).

The dianion S2- exists only in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions.
Daniel Tosh

**Daniel Tosh** (born May 29, 1975) is an American stand-up comedian. Tosh is of West German descent.

## Early life
Tosh was born in Germany but grew up in Titusville, Florida. His father was a preacher. He had one brother and two sisters. After graduating from Astronaut High School in 1993 and later the University of Central Florida with a degree in marketing, Tosh moved to Los Angeles where he lives with his dog. 

## Career
Tosh's first big career break came in 2001 with his performance on the *Late Show with David Letterman*. His first attempt to appear on the show was cut short, though, due to time limits caused by the star guest, Eric Kraff, overlapping with his segment. He followed with appearances on programs such as *The Tonight Show with Jay Leno*, *Jimmy Kimmel Live!* and Comedy Central's *Premium Blend*. In 2003, he performed in his own thirty-minue special on *Comedy Central Presents*. On June 17, 2007, Comedy Central aired a stand-up special featuring Tosh, *Daniel Tosh: Completely Serious*. He also hosted an episode of Comedy Central's *Live at Gotham*. Tosh is also a regular guest on *The Bob & Tom Show*. He had a small part in the feature film *In the Army Now* starring Pauly Shore and Andy Dick. He also had a bit part in *The Love Guru*,

Currently, Tosh hosts *Tosh.0*, a show showcasing internet video clips on Comedy Central. Daniel Tosh also had another stand-up special called "Daniel Tosh: Happy Thoughts".

## Works
Tosh has released two albums, *True Stories I Made Up*, which was released on November 8, 2005 by Comedy Central and *Daniel Tosh: Completely Serious*, which was released on June 17, 2007 by Comedy Central. His Comedy Central TV show *Tosh.0* premiered on June 4, 2009.

## Releases 
* *True Stories I Made Up* (CD, 2005)
* *Daniel Tosh: Completely Serious* (DVD, 2007)
* *Happy Thoughts* (CD/DVD, 2011)

## References 
## Other websites
*danieltosh.com, official site
*Daniel Tosh official MySpace page
*
Anne Wills

**Anne Wills OAM  "Willsy"** (born 3 October 1944 in  Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia) is an Adelaide television and radio personality. Willsy holds the record for the most number of Logies won by a person in the history of the awards. She has won 19  between 1968 - 1992.

As well as appearing on a number of national TV programs such as *In Melbourne Tonight*, *The Bert Newton Show* and *Good Morning Australia*, Willsy has  and appeared on many Adelaide based TV programs. These include *A.M. Adelaide*, *Movie Scene* and *Close Up with Willsy*. She was also the weather presenter for SAS-7 *Seven Nightly News* for a number of years.  

Willsy is known for her love of over the top earrings.

## References 
*Anne Wills - Vegas Promotions 
*IMDB - Anne Wills
1240s

The **1240s** was a decade that began on 1 January 1240 and ended on 31 December 1249. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***125th decade*** which began on January 1, 1241 and ended on December 31, 1250.

## Events 
* Batu Khan and the Golden Horde sack the Ruthenian city of Kiev.
* Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita defeats Sosso king Soumaoro Kanté at the Battle of Kirina, beginning the Mali Empire.
* July 15, 1240 – Russian prince Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva, saving Russia from a full-scale enemy invasion from the North.
* End of the civil war era in Norway.
* Saint Maurice is started to be portrayed as Moor.
* April 5, 1241 – Mongols of Golden Horde under the command of Subotai defeat feudal Polish nobility, including Knights Templar, in the battle of Liegnitz
* April 27, 1241 – Mongols defeat Bela IV of Hungary in the battle of Sajo.

## Births 
* Abulafia, Maltese Jewish philosopher (died 1292)
* Pope Benedict XI (died 1304)
* Stephen V of Hungary (died 1272)
* Sigerus of Brabant, French theologian (died 1284)
* Albert the Degenerate, landgrave of Thuringia (approximate date; died 1314)

## Deaths 
* April 11, 1240 – Llywelyn the Great, King of Gwynedd
* Ibn Arabi, Andalusian Arab philosopher
* Jacques de Vitry, French historian and theologian (born c. 1180)
* William de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey (born 1166)
Asian tiger mosquito

The **Asian Tiger Mosquito**, or **forest day mosquito** is a kind of mosquito that is native to tropical and subtropical South-East Asia. It has black and white striped legs, and small black and white striped body. The Asian Tiger Mosquito is about 2 to 10&nbsp;mm long. The males are about 20% smaller than the females.

In the last few decades, the species has spread to many other countries, mainly through the transport of goods. Many communities see this species as a pest. Unlike other mosquitos, the Asian Tiger Mosquito associates with humans. Other mosquitos tend to live in wetlands. The Asian Tiger Mosquito is also active during the day, while most other mosquitos are only active during dusk and dawn.

The Asian Tiger Mosquito can spread several diseases, such as West Nile virus, Yellow fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis, dengue fever, and Chikungunya fever,

## References
Leni Riefenstahl

**Helene Bertha Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl** (22 August 1902 – 8 September 2003) was a German movie director who made propaganda for the Nazis. Her most famous movies are  *Triumph of the Will* and *Olympia*. She was an interpretive dancer but after a knee injury she stopped.

## Other websites
*
*Leni Riefenstahl - ***The Independent*** Obituary
Olympia (1938 movie)

***Olympia*** is a 1938 movie by Leni Riefenstahl documenting the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in the Olympic Stadium in Berlin, Germany.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Carbon paper

**Carbon paper** is a special kind of paper that can be used for copying. On one side, the paper is coated with dry ink, which is usually bound with a kind of wax. It is usually put between two sheets of paper. When pressure is applied from the first sheet, some ink is transferred to the second one.The copy that is produced that way is called *carbon copy*. Because it relies on pressure, the technique is limited to only four or five copies.
Billy Butler

**Billy Butler** (born April 18, 1986) is an American baseball player. He plays first base for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

The Royals chose Butler in the 2004 First-Year Player Draft. Butler had played baseball in high school in Jacksonville, Florida, and entered the draft instead of playing in college. He played his first MLB game on May 1, 2007.

## References
Karen Horney

**Karen Horney** (16 September 1885 in Blankenese, Germany – 4 December 1952 in New York)  was a German psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. Her theories questioned some traditional Freudian views.

## Works by Karen Horney
The following are all still in print:
* *Neurosis and Human Growth*, Norton, New York, 1950. 
* *Are You Considering Psychoanalysis?* Norton, 1946. 
* *Our Inner Conflicts*, Norton, 1945. 
* *Self-analysis* , Norton, 1942. 
* *New Ways in Psychoanalysis*, Norton, 1939.  (alternate link)
* *The Neurotic Personality of our Time*, Norton, 1937. 
* *Feminine Psychology* (reprints), Norton, 1922-37 1967. 
* *The Collected Works of Karen Horney* (2 vols.), Norton, 1950. 
* *The Adolescent Diaries of Karen Horney*, Basic Books, New York, 1980. 
* *The Therapeutic Process: Essays and Lectures*, ed. Bernard J. Paris, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1999. 
* *The Unknown Karen Horney: Essays on Gender, Culture, and Psychoanalysis*, ed. Bernard J. Paris, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2000. 

## Other websites
*The American Institute for Psychoanalysis
*International Karen Horney Society 
*Biography at Webster.edu. 
*Lecture notes alongside psychological opinions at Sonoma.edu 
*Our Inner Conflicts: excerpts 
*Books by Karen Horney at the Internet Archive
*https://www.karen-horney.de
Hildesheim (district)

**Hildesheim** is a district (*Landkreis*)  in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is surrounded by the districts of Hanover, Peine, Wolfenbüttel, Goslar, Northeim, Holzminden and Hamelin-Pyrmont.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*360° Panoramas Hildesheim
*Article about Hildesheim
*Pictures
Veil

women, about 1900.]]
. Manish Arora design at London Fashion Week 2007.]]
 in the constellation of Cygnus. It is the remains of a supernova.]]
A **veil** is a soft covering of all or part of the face. It has often been used by women in many cultures. It is often used by  on their wedding day. It may have religious meaning, or it may be used for pleasure or dance. It is different from a mask because a mask is close-fitting, and often firm or hard, while a veil is soft and may fit loosely.

## Veils as communication 
Veils are a kind of non-verbal communication. They always have some kind of unspoken message.

Some kinds of veil include a  which covers the entire head, like a hijab. The point of covering the head entirely is to cover all parts which have any sexual meaning. A woman's hair is one of her secondary sexual characteristics, and acts (with her face, body and personality) to attract the opposite sex. Some religious groups believe that female sexuality should not be shown in public.

The most important part of the head (for the viewer) is the face, because the human face takes part in communication. Covering it says, in effect, 'this person is not available'. That is why it has been used so often by women. Because it is of soft material, the veil may be lifted back over the head or unclipped from one side. This is also a signal. It says 'now I am available'. So brides lift their veil at the point when they are married.

Veils may be, and often are, partly transparent. This adds ambiguity and  to the '' it offers the viewer; it is a 'fashion statement'. The raising or dropping of veils is a sign of intimacy: the wearer, who was covered, is now in the open. In an extreme example, the idea of a "Dance of the Seven Veils" originates with the 1893 English translation of Oscar Wilde's 1891 French play Salome in the stage direction.

## Related pages
*Mask
*Make-up
Aryan race

(Leipzig, 1885-1890) shows the *Caucasian race* (in blue) as being made up of *Aryans*, *Semites* and *Hamites*. *Aryans* are further split into *European Aryans* and *Indo-Aryans*.  The people called "Indo-Aryans" on this 1890 map are today known as Indo-Iranians, and "Indo-Aryan" is only used today for those Indo-Iranians from northern India.]]

The **Aryan race** is a hypothesised idea that was formed in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was used to describe the theoretical descendents of group of people in ancient Persia and India who spoke an Indo-European language. However, there is no historical, anthropological, or archaeological evidence that supports its existence.

The word "Aryan" has been used to describe people of Iranian and Indian descent, but there is no record of Aryans in European history. Later it was used for Germanic peoples because of new ideas about the Aryans.

The term Aryan comes from the ancient Sanskrit word *ārya.* Sanskrit-speaking people used this word to distinguish themselves from other races. The Iranians also used this word, and the name Iran means "land of the Aryans". 

The idea of an Aryan race was later used by occult movements (like Theosophy) and by the Nazis.

## In Nazism 
The ideology of Nazism was based upon the idea that the Aryan race (Germanic peoples) was a master race. This view came from earlier racial theorists such as Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain.

As the leader of Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler decided that people who were not Germanic could also be Aryans. He declared Hungarians to be Aryan in 1934. He did the same for the Japanese in 1936 and the Finns in 1942.

The Nazis saw Slavs as inferior non-Aryans. They were usually vague as to whether Italians were "Aryan", although Italy under Mussolini had a "Manifesto of Race" in 1938 so that the Aryan race between the Italians indeed were related.

Jews, Romani people and Black people were considered “non-Aryans”.

## In Theosophy 
Theosophy, a mystical occult society founded in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky, teaches that the Arabian people and the Jews are a part of the Aryan race. Theosophists believe that the Arabians used the Semitic languages of the people around them. These people had moved to the area from Atlantis. Theosophists claim that the Jews began as a part of the Arabian sub-race in what is now Yemen around 30,000 BC. They moved first to Somalia and then to Egypt, where they lived until the time of Moses.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Who Were the Aryans? The Aryan Invasion Myth
Lauren Conrad

**Lauren Katherine Tell** (née **Conrad**; born February 1, 1986) is a designer and television personality who starred on MTVs The Hills.

## References
Keynesian economics

**Keynesian economics** (also called **Keynesianism**) describes the economics theories of John Maynard Keynes. Keynes wrote about his theories in his book *The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money*. The book was published in 1936.

Keynes said capitalism is a good economic system. In a capitalist system, people earn money from their work. Businesses employ and pay people to work. Then people can spend their money on things they want. Other people work and make things to buy. Sometimes the capitalist system has problems. People lose their work. Businesses close. People cannot work and cannot spend money. Keynes said the government should step in and help people who do not have work.

This idea is called "demand-side policy". If people are working, the economy is good. If people are not working, the economy is bad.

Keynes said when the economy is bad, people want to save their money. That is, they do not spend their money on, or invest in, things they want. As a result, there is less economic activity. 

Keynes said the government should spend more money when people do not have work. The government can borrow money and give people jobs (work). Then people can spend money again and buy things. This helps other people find work.

Some people, such as conservatives, libertarians, and people who believe in Austrian economics, do not agree with Keynes' ideas. They say government work does not help capitalism. They say when the government borrows money, it takes money away from businesses. They do not like Keynesian economics because they say the economy can get better without government help.

During the late 1970s, Keynesian economics became less popular because inflation was high at the same time that unemployment was high. This is because many people interpreted Keynesian theory to say that it was impossible for there to be both high inflation and high unemployment. 

When a big recession happened in 2007, Keynesian economics became more popular. Leaders around the world (including Barack Obama) created stimulus packages which would allow their government to spend a lot of money to create jobs. Conservatives and Libertarians would say that the stimulus package rewards the bad behavior that led to the recession. It tells big banks that they can misbehave and the government will step in and get them out of trouble.

## Basic ideas 
Keynes had the following ideas:
# The market for goods controls employment and production. The market for work does not.
# It is possible that people become unemployed even if they want to work.
# An increase in savings will not lead to an increase in investment of the same amount. People have the choice between investing their money or saving it.
# An economic system based on money is different from one that is based on the exchange of goods.
# The quantity theory of money is only valid if there is no unemployment.
# In a market economy, investor behavior is governed by what Keynes called the animal spirits of investors.
Kaiser Chiefs

**Kaiser Chiefs** is an alternative rock band from Leeds, England. They were active as **Parva** from 2000 to 2003, then changed their name to **Kaiser Chiefs** in 2003.

Their name come from the name of the Kaizer Chiefs association football club in South Africa.

Kaiser Chiefs 2016 album stay together was very successfull.

## Discography 
## References
## Other websites
* Kaiser Chiefs official website
Doves (band)

**Doves** is an English alternative rock band. They formed in 1998 when the two Williams brothers (Jez and Andy) met Jimi Goodwin in high school.

Doves newest album is *The Places Between: The Best of Doves* and was released on April 5, 2010.

## Discography 
Doves have released 5 studio albums:

## References
## Websites
Doves' Official website
Shin-Soo Choo

**Shin-Soo Choo** (born July 13, 1982 in Busan, South Korea) is a South Korean baseball player. He is a center fielder for the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Choo also played for the Seattle Mariners from 2005-2006 and the Cleveland Indians from 2006–2012.

Choo was required to serve 2 years in the South Korea military service before he turns 30 in 2012. However, he was exempted from military service due to his contribution to the Korean National Baseball team winning the Gold Medal in the 2010 Asian Games 

He is married and lives near Phoenix, Arizona.

## Other websites
*Shin-Soo Choo's MLB player profile
Bryan Bickell

**Bryan Bickell** (born March 9, 1986) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. He played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career
He was chosen 41st overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He earned a Stanley Cup ring from the team but his name was not engraved on the cup. On June 24, 2013, Bickell won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

## Health issues
Bickell began experiencing symptoms of vertigo that forced him to miss two games during the 2015 Stanley Cup Finals. He initially believed the ailment was caused by an infected tooth. Bickell's agent later commented that Bickell was suffering from vestibular issues, which hindered his performance during the 2015–16 Chicago Blackhawks season. In November 2016, Bickell began experiencing an unexplained pain in his shoulder and leg that caused him to miss multiple games. Doctors later diagnosed Bickell with multiple sclerosis. Ron Francis, the Hurricanes' general manager, stated that Bickell would take an indefinite amount of time off from hockey to receive treatment for his condition. While Bickell ultimately returned to Hurricanes towards the end of the 2016–17 season, he announced he would retire from playing hockey to focus on his MS treatment.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Dental braces

**Dental braces** are wires that are held together by brackets glued to the permanent teeth. The wires and brackets may be made of metal or other materials. Each week or month (or other time the orthodontist decides) the braces may be checked, cleaned, or changed into a tighter wire. 

Braces are an orthodontic device. They are to make the teeth straight, and to correct problems in a person's bite. There are many natural problems which occur to the way teeth fit together, but not everyone needs or will need braces. 

However, the use of braces is quite common, even when they are not medically necessary. Their cosmetic use for young females is more common in countries with first world economies. To overcome the visibility of traditional metal braces, there are now nearly transparent braces. Sometimes braces are possible behind the teeth, and so are not in view.

## Notes