open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Patty McCormack

**Patty McCormack** (born **Patricia Ellen Russo**, August 21, 1945) is an American actress. She acts in theater, television and movies. She played eight year old sociopath and killer Rhoda Penmark in *The Bad Seed*. She also played Joanna Wilkes in *The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn*.

McCormack was born in Brooklyn, New York.

## References
Samsung Galaxy Note

**Samsung Galaxy Note** is a series of smartphones and tablet computers made by Samsung Electronics. They use Android as their operating system.

The models are mainly for pen computing. All Galaxy Note models come with a stylus pen. They have a Wacom digitizer that turns handwriting into text.
Phablet

series (Note 10, Note 10+, and Note 10 pictured)]]
A **phablet** () is a type of mobile device designed to combine the format of smartphones and tablet computers. The name itself is a combination of the words *phone* and *tablet*.

Phablets have screens that measure diagonally . This size allows for activities such as mobile web browsing and watching videos.

## References
Elisabeta Polihroniade

(1979)]]

**Elisabeta Polihroniade** (24 April 1935 &ndash; 23 January 2016) was a Romanian chess player and journalist. She became a Woman Grandmaster in 1982. She was also an International Arbiter. She won the Romanian Women's Championship in 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976 and 1977. She was born in Bucharest.

Polihroniade died on 23 January 2016, aged 80.

## References
## Other websites
* Elisabeta Polihroniade chess games at 365Chess.com
Barry Brickell

, October 2013.]]

**Ian Barry Brickell**  (26 October 1935 &ndash; 23 January 2016), better known as **Barry Brickell**, was a New Zealand potter and conservationist. He was the founder and builder of the Driving Creek Railway in the Coromandel Peninsula, a popular tourist attraction. He was born in New Plymouth and grew up in Auckland.

Brickell died on 23 January 2016, aged 80.

## References
Jimmy White

**James Warren** "**Jimmy**" **White** (born 2 May 1962 in London) is an English professional snooker player. He is one of the most popular players 

Jimmy White is a six times World Championship finalist but lost the finale each time: 1984 against Steve Davis, 1990 against Stephen Hendry, 1991 against John Parrott and in the next three years still to Stephen Hendry.

## Other websites
* Jimmy White at World Snooker
Baglung District

**Baglung District** ( ) is a district in Nepal. It is in the Gandaki Province. The district headquarters is Baglung. The district covers an area of . In 2011, it had a population of 268,613.

## Related pages
*Districts of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
Baitadi District

**Baitadi District** ( ) is a district of Nepal. It is in the Sudurpashchim Province. Baitadi is the headquarters of this district.

## Related pages
*Zones of Nepal
*Districts of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
Sandhikharka

**Sandhikharka** () is a municipality in Nepal. It is the headquarters of Arghakhanchi District, in the Lumbini Zone of Nepal. On 18 May 2014, it was converted into a municipality by merging Sandhikharka, Bangla, Narapani, Khanchikot, Kimadada, Argha and Dibharna VDCs.

## Related pages
*Development Regions of Nepal
*Zones of Nepal

## References
The Alamo (1960 movie)

***The Alamo*** is a 1960 American historical-western epic movie about the 1836 Battle of the Alamo. It was produced and directed by John Wayne. The movie starred Wayne as Davy Crockett.  The picture also stars Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie. The movie was filmed on location in Texas and released by United Artists. The long 3 hour and 12 minute movie (not counting intermission) was not historically accurate.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Alamo (1960), IMDb
John Parrott

**John Parrott** MBE (born 11 May 1964 in Liverpool) is an English former professional snooker player. He became professional in 1983. He retired in 2010. He was in the top 16 of the world rankings for 14 years.

He twice got to the final of the World Snooker Championship. At the 1989 World Snooker Championship, he lost 3–18 to Steve Davis. Two years later, he won the 1991 World Snooker Championship. He also won against White later the same year, to win the 1991 UK Championship.

## Other websites
* John Parrott Homepage
Funen

]]
**Funen** () is an island in Denmark. It covers an area of . It is the third-largest island in the country. The main city is Odense which is connected to the sea by a canal which is rarely used. 

There are bridges that carry roads and railways to and from Funen. The Great Belt Bridge links Funen to the island of Zealand in the east, while the Old Little Belt Bridge and New Little Belt Bridge link Funen to Jutland in the west. 

## Other websites
Kiel Canal

The **Kiel Canal** is a waterway in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The canal connects the North Sea from the River Elbe to the Baltic Sea at Kiel. The Canal is about  long. It was then improved to allow the largest warships to pass through. The formal reopening of the improved canal was on June 24, 1914.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Kiel Canal
Jimmy Bain

, August 1983]]

**James Stewart Bain** (19 December 1947 &ndash; 23 January 2016) was a Scottish musician. He was best known as a bassist for the rock bands Rainbow and Dio with Ronnie James Dio. He also works with the Scorpions, John Cale, Gary Moore and wrote for Thin Lizzy frontman Phil Lynott. He was born in Newtonmore.

Bain died on 23 January 2016 while on the Def Leppard's "Hysteria on the High Seas" cruise from pneumonia caused by lung cancer at the age of 68.

## References
Khalanga, Baitadi

**Baitadi Khalanga** or **Baitadi** is a town and the headquarters of the Baitadi District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. According to the 1991 Nepal census it had total population of 5,352. There were 1,011 houses in the town. The two are d by the Mahakali River. This part of Nepal is less developed than the eastern part of the country.

## Related pages
*Development Regions of Nepal
*zones of Nepal

## References
Jim Bowie

**James "Jim" Bowie** (pronounced BOO-ee; April 1796 – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American . He played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution. He died at the Battle of the Alamo. Stories of him as a fighter and frontiersman, both real and fictitious, have made him a legendary figure in Texas history. He is a folk hero of American history. The Bowie knife is named after Jim Bowie.

## Early life 
Bowie was born in April 1796 in Logan County, Kentucky. He was the son of Reason and Elve Ap-Catesby (Jones) Bowie. Reason was a farmer and operated a Gristmill. The family moved in February 1800 to New Madrid, Missouri, then part of Spanish Louisiana. He and his brother Rezin joined the army during the War of 1812. Their regiment was on its way to join Andrew Jackson at New Orleans when the war ended. He then got into land speculation. He bought large parcels of land and sold them whenever he could make a profit. Many of his land claims turned out to be fraudulent.  (now the Mexican state of Coahuila). There he swore allegiance to Mexico. While looking for a silver mine north of San Antonio Bowie, his brother Rezin and 9 others were attacked by some 150 Comanches. After killing a number of Comanches during several days of fighting, he and the remaining survivors escaped at night to a nearby settlement. He then got rid of the congress and the state legislatures. Along with several other Mexican states, Coahuila y Tejas (Texas) rebelled. There they were joined by others including Davy Crockett, who arrived in February 1836. On February 23, 1836 Santa Anna arrived with an army of up to 6,000 soldiers. Rezin (pronounced "reason") gave his younger brother (Jim) the knife so he would always have a backup weapon. It became history after the sandbar fight on the banks of the Mississippi River in September 1827. Bowie has appeared as a character in many of them: It was based on the novel of the same name by Paul I. Wellman. Bowie is the main character during the battle of the Alamo and the Texas War of Independence. The show, which starred Scott Forbes as Jim Bowie, was based on the 1946 novel *Tempered Blade*.
* 1995, Kenneth Tobey portrayed Bowie in the final installment of a Walt Disney miniseries titled *Davy Crockett at the Alamo*, which aired on ABC Television on February 23, 1955.

### Music 
* Bowie also is the namesake of rock star David Bowie. He was born David Robert Hayward-Jones. Jones changed his name in the 1960s because he feared his name was too similar to Davy Jones, a member of the already famous The Monkees. He chose the surname Bowie because he admired James Bowie and the Bowie knife, although his pronunciation uses the "bo-e" variant.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* What became of Jim Bowie's famous knife?
Lumbini Zone

**Lumbini** was a zone of Nepal. It was in the Western Development Region. It is the birth place of Gautama Buddha, who became the er of Buddhism.

## Significance of Lumbini
Lumbini is one of the holiest place of Buddhists. The original name of Gautama Buddha was Sidhhartha Gautama. Lumbini is in the Terai region of Nepal. Lumbini has been listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is also a significant pilgrimage for Buddhists.

## Interesting Places 
The most sacred place to go in Lumbini is the Mayadevi Temple (Mayadevi is the name of Lord Buddha’s mother). One can also see the inscriptions on the Ashoka Pillar which say that the Buddha was born in Lumbini. Other than that, there are many other stupas built by countries like China, Japan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Germany and so on. There is also a museum where people can see and learn about the ancient history of Lumbini and Gautama Budhha. There are many other fascinating sites in Lumbini which makes it one of the important districts of Nepal. It is also a touristic site as many tourists come and visit there. Lumbini is most visited by Buddhists from all over the world. Many monks do their prayers everyday. 

## Related pages 
*Development Regions of Nepal
*Zones of Nepal

## References
Jhapa District

**Jhapa District** (; ) is a district of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal named after a Rajbanshi |Surjapuri language word "Jhapa" meaning "to cover" (verb). The latest official data, the 2021 Nepal Census, puts the total population of the district at 994,090. The total area of the district is 1,606 square kilometres.

The lowlands of Limbuwan (present-day terai lands of Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa) was collectively known as Morang since the time of King Mawrong of 7th century.In the beginning of 1400 AD, Morang Kingdom patriated from Kingdom of Ilam and Kingdom of Mikluk Bodhey (Choubise) and started ruling on its own.

## Location
Jhapa is the easternmost district of Nepal and lies in the fertile Terai plains. It is part of the Outer Terai. Jhapa borders with Ilam in the north, Morang in the west, the Indian state of Bihar in the south and the Indian state of West Bengal to the southeast and east. Geographically, it covers an area of  and lies on 87°39’ east to 88°12’ east longitude and 26°20’ north to 26°50’ north latitude.

## Related pages
*Districts of Nepal

## References
## Other websites
École Centrale de Lyon

**École Centrale de Lyon** is a graduate school in engineering in France. It is in a campus of the Écully (East of France).

## Degrees 
Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
* **Ingénieur Centralien de Lyon** (Centralien Graduate engineer Master's degree level program)
* **Masters ** & **PhD** (doctorate studies)
* **Mastères Spécialisés** (**MS**).

Education and research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different classes at École Centrale de Lyon.

Most of the 1500 engineering graduate students at École Centrale de Lyon live in residential buildings near the research labs on campus. These are also shared with 6,000 students from EMLYON Business School. The school is member of the French aerospace network France AEROTECH.

## Notable graduates 
* Hervé Renaudeau, French aerospace engineer

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Hei Hei

**Hei Hei** is a suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand. It is located in the west of Christchurch  from the  of the city. State Highway 1 runs through it. The area was  for poultry farming after World War I for the men returning from war, but the plan failed due to the poor soil conditions. The place name is a Māori word. It means noise, , storm, dust.

## References
Baltimore (disambiguation)

**Baltimore** is a city in the state of Maryland in the United States.

**Baltimore** may also refer to:

## Places
### United States
* Baltimore, California, a former settlement
* Baltimore, Indiana, a now-extinct 19th-century town
* Baltimore, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus
* Baltimore, Tennessee
* Baltimore, Vermont
* Baltimore County, Maryland
* Baltimore Town, California, a former settlement
* Baltimore Township, Michigan

### Canada
* Baltimore, Ontario, Township of Hamilton, Ontario

### Ireland
* Baltimore, County Cork
* Baltimore (Parliament of Ireland constituency)

## People
* George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632), English politician and coloniser
* Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), English peer
* Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637–1715)
* Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore (1679–1715), English nobleman and politician
* Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (1699–1751), British nobleman
* Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1731–1771), English nobleman and last in the line of Barons Baltimore
* Charli Baltimore (born 1974), American rapper/hip-hop artist
* David Baltimore (1938–2025), American biologist and 1975 Nobel Prize laureate
* John Baltimore (born 1978), American conductor

## Music
* Baltimore club, a genre of house and dance music

## Sports
* Baltimore Orioles, Major League Baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland
* Baltimore Ravens, American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland
* Baltimore Stallions, former Canadian Football team based in Baltimore, Maryland
* Baltimore Bullets, former name of Washington Wizards, National Basketball Association team

## Related pages
* 
*
Dedham, Massachusetts

**Dedham** is a town in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It is one of the oldest towns in the United States. It was settled in 1635.

## Other websites
Josip Friščić

**Josip Friščić** (15 August 1949 &ndash; 23 January 2016) was a Croatian politician. He was a leader of the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) from 17 December 2005 until 28 January 2012. He was also Vice President of Croatian Parliament from 2008 to 2011. He was born in Subotica Podravska near Rasinja, SFR Yugoslavia.

Friščić died from cancer on 23 January 2016 in Koprivnica, aged 66.

## References
## Other websites
January 2016 United States blizzard

The **January 2016 United States blizzard** was a severe winter weather event. The weather caused multiple states in the Mid-Atlantic to declare a state of emergency. The blizzard happened between January 20 and 25, 2016. 

On January 20–22 the governors of eleven states, plus the mayor of Washington, D.C., declared a state of emergency in expectation of significant snowfall and blizzard conditions. Approximately 85 million people were estimated to be in the storm's path. More than 33 million were under blizzard warnings. Over 10,000 flights were canceled because of the storm.

New York City was put under a travel ban on January 23. A snow emergency was declared for Washington, D.C. just before that.

Two to three feet of snow fell from Virginia to New England. Snow also fell in Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee.

The storm also caused tornadoes and hail from Louisiana to Florida

Thirty people died because of the blizzard.

The storm was also called **Winter Storm Jonas** by the Weather Channel.

## References
## Other websites
Ninh Bình province

**Ninh Bình** () is a province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta region of the northern part of the country. Ninh Bình has a very short coastline on the Gulf of Tonkin. The population is 898,500 people. Ninh Bình province covers a total area of . The province is known for its limestone caves and grottos (manmade caves). Ninh Binh was the first imperial  of Vietnam from 968 to 1010 under the Đinh, Lê and Lý dynasties.

## Gallery 

File:Vietnam, Ninh Binh, Limestone peaks.jpg|Limestone scenery
File:Vietnam, Ninh Binh, Limestone rocks and wetlands.jpg|Rice paddies
File:Vietnam, Ninh Binh, In the wild.jpg|Landscape near Ninh Bình
File:Vietnam, Ninh Binh, Trang An Cave.jpg|Tam Cốc-Bích Động
File:Phatdiemk-77.jpg|Phát Diệm Cathedral
File:Temple commémoratif au roi Dinh Tien Hoang (Hoa Lu).jpg|Hoa Lư - ancient capital
File:BaiDinh Dien TamThe.JPG|Bái Đính Temple
File:View of Ninh Binh atop limestone rocks near Mua Cave.jpg|Khê Hạ village and paddies

## References
Call and response (music)

In music, a **call and response** is a series of two parts usually played or sung by different musicians.  The second part is heard as a comment about or an answer to what the first has sung. This mimics or makes fun of how people talk back and forth to each other. Call and response uses the simple musical form of a verse and then a chorus used in many cultures or traditions. These songs are usually energetic and fun to listen to.

## Popular music
Call and response singing is common in modern Western popular music. This is because of the influence of African music.  Some cross-over rhythm and blues, jazz, soul, rock 'n' roll and rock music have a call and response style, as well.

One of the best known is the song "Ooh Poo Pah Doo", written and first recorded by Jessie Hill.

Other popular examples are The Who's song "My Generation, from the album of the same name", and "Black Dog" by Led Zeppelin.

## Folk music
Call and response is common in folk and choral singing of many people, especially in African musical cultures. In the West, it is most often seen in African-American work songs, military marches, and  Québecois folk songs. The style is also used in dance-songs of various European countries including France (particularly Brittany) and the Faroe Islands.

In Cuban music and other latin music genres such as salsa, call and response between the lead singer and the chorus is called *coro-pregón.*

## Example 
A singer makes a musical statement, and then the musical chorus answers together. American bluesman Muddy Waters uses call and response in one of his best known songs, "Mannish Boy". The entire song is almost entirely leader/chorus call and response.

* CALL: Waters' vocal: "Now when I was a young boy"
* RESPONSE: (Harmonica / rhythm section riff)
* CALL: Waters': "At the age of 5"
* RESPONSE: (Harmonica / rhythm section riff)

## Related pages 
* Origins of the blues
* Polyrhythm
* Samba
* Afro-Haitian
* Rhythm game

## References 
## Other websites 
* Call and Response:  Phrasing Ideas for Creating Memorable Guitar Solos
*Gospel Music History  - Gospel Music Encyclopedia citing the origins of the different types of call and response and different gospel music style
Mass Effect 2

***Mass Effect 2*** is a video game for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3. It is made by Electronic Arts. It is the sequel to *Mass Effect* and comes before *Mass Effect 3*. It is an action role-playing game. It is a third-person shooter game.

## Gameplay
Save data from the first game can be used to influence choices made in this game.

## Reception
The game was critically acclaimed.

## Other websites
*
Dragon and Phoenix

***Dragon and Phoenix*** is the second book in the *Dragonlords* series written by Joanne Bertin. It is a story of how Linden Rathan and his soultwin, Maurynna Kyrissaean, lead a party to rescue a dragon from the Jehanglan empire.
Bard's Oath

'''''The Bard's Oath''''' is the third book in the Dragonlords series written by Joanne Bertin. It starts as two stories that merge in the middle of the book. One story is about Raven Redhawkson and why he is at the Balyaranna Fair (a horse festival). The other story is about Bard Leet and his plot for revenge over the death of a family member.

## References
Aristide von Bienefeldt

**Aristide von Bienefeldt** (24 October 1959 – 16 January 2016) was a Dutch writer. He wrote about gay rights and marriage equality. His first novel - *Bekentenissen van een Stamhouder* ("Confessions of a Son and Heir") got positive reviews by the Dutch and the Flemish press because of its homosexual passages.

Von Bienefeldt died in The Hague, Netherlands at the age of 56.

## References
## Other websites
* von Bienefeldt's website
William Y. Smith

**William Young Smith** (August 13, 1925 – January 19, 2016) was an American military official. He was a United States Air Force four-star general. He was Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (COFS SHAPE) from 1979 to 1981 and as Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (DCINCEUR) from 1981 until his retirement from military service in 1983.

Smith died in Falls Church, Virginia from congestive heart failure at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
* William Y. Smith biography
Asghar Farhadi

**Asghar Farhadi** (, born 7 May 1972 Homāyūnshahr, Isfahan) is an Iranian movie director and screenwriter. For his work as a director, he has received a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film among other awards. He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the world by *Time* magazine in 2012.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Lal Shahbaz Qalandar

Syed **Muhammad Usman Marwandi** (1149–1299), better-known as **Lal Shahbaz Qalandar** , was a Sufi poet from Afghanistan.  He belonged to the Suhrawardi order of Sufis. He shifted from Afghanistan and went and settled in Sindh area of India (now in Pakistan).  His shrine in *Sehwan Sharif*, Sindh,Pakistan, is still visited by many people. 

## References
Cecil Parkinson

**Cecil Edward Parkinson, Baron Parkinson**, PC (1 September 1931 – 22 January 2016) was a British Conservative politician and cabinet minister. 

## Early life
Parkinson was born in Carnforth, Lancashire on 1 September 1931. He studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Parkinson married Anne Jarvis in 1957. It would last until his death in 2016. 

## Career
He entered Parliament in 1970 and was appointed a minister in 1979. In 1983, he became Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, but was forced to resign after revelations that his former secretary, Sara Keays, was pregnant with his child, which she later bore and named Flora Keays.

Parkinson later served as Secretary of State for Energy, and later Transport. He resigned that office in 1990, on the same day that Margaret Thatcher resigned.  He was created **Baron Parkinson** in 1992 and served in the House of Lords until his retirement in September 2015.

## Death
Parkinson died of cancer on 22 January 2016 at the age of 84. He was survived by his wife and four children. 

## References
## Other websites
* Cecil Parkinson's career
Mexican Cession

The **Mexican Cession** of 1848 refers to the lands ceded or ed to the United States by Mexico at the end of the Mexican–American War. The territory became the states of California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona. The treaty was signed on 2 February 1848. The Cession added  of territory to the southwestern United States. It also contributed to the United States  as a world power in the late the 19th century.

## References
Henry Worsley

Lieutenant Colonel **Alastair Edward Henry Worsley** MBE (4 October 1960 – 24 January 2016) was a British explorer and British Army officer. He was part of the successful 2009 expedition that followed Ernest Shackleton and Robert Falcon Scott's footsteps in the Antarctic. He was born in London.

Worsley was a soldier in the British Army for 36 years. On 12 October 1993, Worsley was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) "in recognition of distinguished service in Northern Ireland".

Worsley died while on a trip in Punta Arenas, Chile from multiple organ failure caused by surgery on 24 January 2016 at the age of 55.

## References
Forouzan

**Forouzan**  (; 9 August 1937 – 24 January 2016) was an Iranian actress, producer, and dubbing artist. She started her career by voice dubbing. In 1964 she starred in Siamak Yasemi's "*Sahel-e Entezar*" but this was "Ganj-e Qarun", another movie by Yasemi that made her very famous. Her career came to an end because of the Iranian revolution of 1979.

Forouzan died in Tehran, Iran on 24 January 2016 at the age of 78.

Forouzan was popular also among the young Persians who were born after 1979 revolution.

## References
## Other websites
*Forouzan in IMDb
Black (singer)

**Colin Vearncombe** (26 May 1962 − 26 January 2016), known by his stage name **Black**, was an English singer-songwriter. He started his career in the punk rock music scene and went on to become a pop success in the late 1980s. He was known for the international hit single "Wonderful Life" in 1987. He was born in Liverpool.

## Death
On 12 January 2016, he was in a serious car accident in Ireland and placed in a medically-induced coma after sustaining serious head injuries. Vearncombe died from his injuries at the intensive care unit of Cork University Hospital in Cork on 26 January 2016 at the age of 53. Vearncombe was survived by his wife and three children.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site
*Single Black Spot 
*Colinvearncombe.nl - Fansite
Concepcion Picciotto

, June 2010]]
**Concepción Picciotto** (née **Martín** January 15, 1936 &ndash; January 25, 2016) also known as **Conchita** or **Connie**,  was a Spanish-born American peace activist. She lived in Washington, D.C. on the 1600 block of Pennsylvania Avenue, in a peace camp across from the White House. 

She lived in a tent outside from the White House since from August 1, 1981 because of the protest of nuclear arms under the Ronald Reagan presidency until her death in 2016.  She carried on the longest act of political protest in the United States, with her camp having been nicknamed by her supporters as 1601 Pennsylvania Avenue. She was born in Vigo, Spain.

Picciotto died in Washington, D.C. from complications of a fall on January 25, 2016 at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
* Official site
* Interview with Concepcion Picciotto  by DCist
* Washington Post, May 2, 2013 - Connie Picciotto has kept vigil near the White House for 32 years. Why and at what cost?
Richard Levins

**Richard "Dick" Levins** (June 1, 1930 – January 19, 2016) was an American ecologist, a population geneticist, biomathematician, mathematical ecologist, and philosopher of science. He had researched diversity in human populations. Levins was a university professor at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and a long-time political activist. He was best known for his work on evolution and complexity in changing environments and on metapopulations.

Levins died in Cambridge, Massachusetts on January 19, 2016 from heart failure at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Prof. Richard Levins, PhD
* Harvard webpage
* In "Living the 11th Thesis" Richard Levins discusses his own biography
* Personal narrative of political activity in Puerto Rico
* Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 'Investigator Awards in Health Policy Research' page on Richard Levins
Ventricular tachycardia

**Ventricular tachycardia** (**V-tach** or **VT**) is a type of tachycardia (a fast heart rate). The heart has four chambers (closed spaces). The top two are called the atria, and the bottom two are called the ventricles. When the heart is working normally, electrical signals in the heart tell the atria to squeeze first. However, in ventricular tachycardia, the ventricles squeeze first. This happens because the electrical signals that tell the atria to squeeze first are not working.

Ventricular tachycardia is a medical emergency. First of all, if the heart is beating too fast, it does not have time to refill with blood between beats. This means that the heart will not be able to squeeze out enough blood to the rest of the body. Most people in ventricular tachycardia have a heart rate of at least 170 beats per minute.

## Symptoms
The most common symptoms of ventricular tachycardia are feeling , having palpitations (feeling the heart pounding inside the chest), having trouble breathing, or chest pain. Some people with ventricular tachycardia do not have any symptoms, especially if the V-tach lasts for only a few seconds. If the patient is in *pulseless ventricular tachycardia*, their heart is beating so fast that it cannot squeeze out any blood.

### Cardioversion
If a person still has a pulse, ventricular tachycardia can usually be stopped through cardioversion. Cardioversion means using medication or an electric shock to make the heart start beating normally again.

### Defibrillation
If a person has pulseless ventricular tachycardia, they need to be shocked with a defibrillator.

Ventricular tachycardia can also be caused by other problems, like:
* Cardiomyopathies (diseases that affect the heart muscle)
* Diseases like sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis that can affect the whole body, if they attack the heart muscle
* Problems with electrolytes, like not having enough potassium, calcium, or magnesium
* Illegal drugs like methamphetamine or cocaine
* Certain kinds of medications

Sometimes doctors cannot find a cause for ventricular tachycardia. This is called **idiopathic ventricular tachycardia**.

## Prognosis
Ventricular tachycardia causes most of the sudden cardiac deaths in the United States. It causes about 300,000 deaths every year.

The chance of sudden death is highest for people who:
* Have ischemic cardiomyopathy (their heart muscle was damaged by not getting enough oxygen); and
* Have ventricular tachycardia that comes and goes

The chance of sudden death is lowest for people with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.

Even for high-risk people, treatment with medications like beta blockers can help. So can implantable cardio-defibrillators.

## Related pages
* Cardiac arrhythmia
* Tachycardia

## References
Ignition

**Ignition** may refer to:
* Firelighting, the act of starting a fire
* Combustion, a chemical reaction that produces heat and fire

## Music 
* *Ignition* (album), an album by The Offspring
* "Ignition (Remix)", a 2002 song by R. Kelly
* "Ignition", a song by Trivium from the album *The Crusade*, 2006

## Vehicles 
*Ignition system, the system that starts an engine
*Ignition coil, a part in an ignition system
Karch Kiraly

**Charles Frederick "Karch" Kiraly** () (born November 3, 1960) is an American volleyball player, coach and broadcast announcer. 

He was born in Jackson, Michigan. He grew up in Santa Barbara, California. 

## Career 
He is one of three people who have won Olympic gold medals in both volleyball categories: beach and indoor.  The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, (FIVB), volleyball's highest governing body, honored Kiraly as the greatest volleyball player of the 20th Century. He played college volleyball for the UCLA Bruins and won three national championships under head coach Al Scates.

## References
* Karch Kiraly Volleyball Academy 
* Beach Volleyball Profile
Lloy Ball

**Lloy James Ball** (born February 17, 1972, in Fort Wayne, Indiana) is an American volleyball player, a member of American national team in 1993–2008, a participant of the Olympic Games Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000, Athens 2004 and gold medalist of Beijing 2008, gold medalist of the NORCECA Championship 2007 and World League 2008, silver medalist of the Pan American 1995, bronze medalist of the World Championship 1994.  When not on the court actively playing the game, Ball operates Team Pineapple, a volleyball clinic that also features his father, Arnie Ball.

## References
* Lloy Ball's official bio at USA Volleyball
* Bio at NBC Olympics
Luigi Mastrangelo

**Luigi Mastrangelo** (born August 17, 1975 in Mottola, Italy) is an Italian men's volleyball player, a member of Italy national volleyball team, silver and bronze medalist of the Olympic Games, multiple winner of the European Championship and World League. He competed in the 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal in the 2000 and 2012 Games. He won a silver medal in the 2004 Games. 

## References
* NBC Olympics profile 
* Sports reference profile
Ivan Zaytsev

**Ivan Zaytsev** (born in Spoleto, Italy, 2 October 1988) is an Italian volleyball player. His parents originally come from Russia. He is a member of Italy's national volleyball team and the Italian club Sir Safety Umbria Volley. 

## Career 
Zaytsev won a bronze medal at the Olympic Games in London in 2012. He won a silver medal at the European Championship (2011, 2013), and bronze medal at the World League (2013, 2014). He won the Italian Championship in 2014.

## Other websites
* Highlights  (movie)
* LegaVolley Serie A profile player
Sahabzada Yaqub Khan

, 2002]]
**Sahabzada Yaqub Khan** (23 December 1920 &ndash; 26 January 2016) was a high-profile Pakistani figure and high-ranking general. He was the most senior figure in military and government assignments in the Pakistan Government. He was born in Rampur, India.

He was an important figure in Pakistan that related to international affairs for thirty years. He served as the foreign minister under President General Zia-ul-Haq from 1982 to 1991 and as the caretaker foreign minister from 1996 to 1997. He also served as the Pakistan Ambassador of the United States serving from 1973 though 1979.

Khan died in Islamabad on 26 January 2016 at the age of 95.

## Other websites
*Yaqub Khan – the man who reinvented himself by Khaled Ahmed (The Friday Times) 
*SYK: The Man With Qualities Short biographical article by *S. Abbas Raza*
*Biographical article by M. Zafar in Defence Journal 
*MAJOR-GENERAL SAHABZADA MOHD YAQUB KHAN (PA 136)
Kalpana (actress)

**Kalpana Ranjani** (13 October 1966 &ndash; 25 January 2016), known mononymously as **Kalpana**, was an Indian actress.  Kalpana has acted in over 300 movies in many South Indian languages. She was born in Kerala, India.

She started off her career as a child artist in the late 1970s. She was known for being in many comedy movies. At the 60th National Film Awards, she won the award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in *Thanichalla Njan* (2012).

Kalpana died of a heart attack in Hyderabad, India on 25 January 2016 at the age of 49.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* En.msidb.org
Ophiolite

An **ophiolite** is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust. The underlying upper mantle has been uplifted and exposed above sea level. The rocks which make up ophiolites are an altered form of basalt. The rocks are often green.

They are found in the mountain belts such as the Alps or the Himalayas. They show where former ocean basins were consumed by subduction. This was one of the discoveries of plate tectonics. Ophiolites have always played a central role in plate tectonic theory and the interpretation of ancient mountain belts.

## Stratigraphy and definition
The stratigraphic sequence seen in ophiolites is caused by lithosphere-forming processes at mid-oceanic ridges:

* Sediments: muds (black shale) and cherts deposited after the crust formed.
* Extrusive sequence: basalt "pillow lavas" show magma/seawater contact.
* Vertical, parallel dikes fed lavas above.
* Gabbros from minerals settling from a magma chamber.
* Peridotite: mantle rock minerals, heated and pressured in orogeny (mountain-building).

## Notable ophiolites
*In the California Coast Ranges, from Santa Barbara through San Francisco Counties, California.
*In Oman and the United Arab Emirates, widely considered one of the best exposed ophiolite sequences
* Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997, as the only known example of an ophiolite complex in the process of being formed and currently in its original geological setting.
* In Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland, named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 because of its superbly exposed complete ophiolite stratigraphic sequence

## References
Maxim Mikhaylov

**Maxim Mikhaylov** (born 19 March 1988) is a Russian volleyball player. He is a member of Russia men's national volleyball team. He also plays for the Russian club Zenit-Kazan. Mikhaylov was a gold medalist in the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was a bronze medalist of the 2008 Summer Olympics. Mikhaylov won a gold medal in the 2011 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup. He has won several medals in the Volleyball World League.

## References 
## Other websites
* Player's Biography
Flight of the Navigator

***Flight of the Navigator*** is an American science fiction movie from 1986. It was directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Mark H. Baker and Michael Burton. It is about David Freeman, a 12-year-old boy who is taken by an alien spaceship and finds himself caught in a world that has changed around him.

The producers of the movie at first sent it to Walt Disney Pictures in 1984. However, the studio was not able to approve it. It was sent to Producers Sales Organization. That studio made a deal with Disney to distribute the movie in the United States. The movie was partially filmed in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and Norway. It was a co-production with the Norwegian company *Viking Film*.

## Cast
* Joey Cramer as David Freeman
* Paul Reubens (credited as "Paul Mall") as the voice of Max
* Cliff DeYoung as Bill Freeman
* Veronica Cartwright as Helen Freeman
* Matt Adler as Jeff Freeman
**Albie Whitaker plays eight-year-old Jeff Freeman
* Sarah Jessica Parker as Carolyn McAdams
* Howard Hesseman as Dr. Louis Faraday
* Robert Small as Troy
* Jonathan Sanger as Dr. Carr
* Richard Liberty as Larry Howard
* Iris Acker as Janet Howard
* Raymond Forchion as Detective Banks
* Keri Rogers as Jennifer Bradley

## Production
The Trimaxion Drone Ship was rendered in CGI by Omnibus Computer Animation, under the supervision of Jeff Kleiser, the brother of director Randal Kleiser.

## Soundtrack
The music score for the movie was composed by Alan Silvestri. It is different from his other scores because it was completely electronically generated, using the Synclavier, one of the first digital multi-track recorders and samplers.

# Theme from "Flight of the Navigator"
# "Main Title"
# "The Ship Beckons"
# "David in the Woods"
# "Robot Romp"
# "Transporting the Ship"
# "Ship Drop"
# "Have to Help a Friend"
# "The Shadow Universe"
# "Flight"
# "Finale"
# "Star Dancing"

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Matt Anderson

**Matthew John Anderson** (born April 18, 1987) is an American volleyball player. He is a member of the United States men's national volleyball team and the Russian club Zenit Kazan. He played volleyball at the Olympic Games in London in 2012. He was a NORCECA Champion 2013. He won gold medals at the 2008 Pan American Cup, 2014 World League and 2015 World Cup.

## Other websites
* Highlights  (movie)
* Official Matt Anderson Website 
* FIVB profile
* Team USA player profile
* LegaVolley Serie A player profile
Yekaterina Gamova

**Yekaterina Aleksandrovna Gamova** (; born 17 October 1980) is a Russian volleyball player. She was a member of the Russian team that won the gold medals at the FIVB Volleyball World Championships in 2006 and 2010. She was also a member of the Russian team that won silver medals in both the Athens 2004 and Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Yekaterina Gamova is  tall with an EU shoe size of 49. This makes her one of the tallest female athletes in the world.  Her role is outside hitter/opposite.

## References 
## Other websites
* FIVB Profile
* Fenerbahce Acibadem Women's Volleyball Team
* Uralochka VC profile 
* Gamova's photos
Rove beetle

The **rove beetles** are a family of beetles. The scientific name is **Staphylinidae**. It is the largest family of beetles. It has over 63,000 species. Some of these species are very old; fossils of rove beetles have been dated to the Triassic, 200 million years ago.

They are mainly recognised by their short elytra (wing covers) that usually cover only half of their abdomens.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Zika virus

**Zika virus** (**ZIKV**) belongs to the virus family *Flaviviridae* and the genus *Flavivirus.*  It is spread by mosquitoes from the genus *Aedes*, which are active during the daytime. 

Zika virus is named after Uganda's Zika Forest, where the virus was discovered in 1947.

Zika virus can cause an infectious disease called Zika fever.  Zika fever often causes no symptoms, or only mild symptoms. Scientists know that people in Africa and Asia have been getting Zika fever since the 1950s.  In 2014, the virus spread eastward across the Pacific Ocean - first to French Polynesia, then to Easter Island.  Finally, in 2015, it spread to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.  In these places, Zika virus has become a pandemic.

## Background
Zika virus is related to West Nile virus and the viruses that cause dengue fever, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis.  It is treated by rest.  As of 2016, there is no medication or vaccine that can prevent the Zika virus.  In places where the Zika virus lives, people are more likely to have birth defects, neurological problems like Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune diseases.

## 2016 outbreak
In January 2016, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published advice for how to avoid getting Zika fever.  They suggested that when traveling to places where Zika virus lives:
* Travelers should use "enhanced precautions," meaning they should be as careful as possible to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes
* Pregnant women should think about not traveling to these areas

Other governments or health agencies soon issued similar travel warnings.  Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Jamaica advised women not to get pregnant until scientists know more about the risks of Zika virus to pregnant women. 

On February 2, 2016, public health officials in Dallas County, Texas, reported the first case of somebody getting Zika virus in the United States.

## Related pages 
* Wolbachia
* World mosquito program

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Zika Virus – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
* Flaviviridae Genomes  database search results from the Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center
* Viralzone: Flaviviridae
* Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Flaviviridae 
* World Health Organization Zika Virus Fact Sheet
Denny's

'''Denny's''' is a pancake house and casual family restaurant. It has more than 1,600 restaurants in the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, Canada, Central America, Mexico, New Zealand and Japan. It serves pancakes, eggs, sausage and more.

From the 1990s to the 2010s, Denny's was involved in serious controversy. They were accused of discrimination. In 1994, in San Jose, California, several black teenagers were told they had to pay before getting their food. In 2014, an LGBT group accused a Denny's location in Deming, New Mexico of discrimination. The group said that the wait staff said homophobic things and refused to serve them. The LGBT customers were attending a gay pride celebration.

## References
## Other websites
* Denny's website
Fremont County

**Fremont County** may refer to:

* Fremont County, Colorado 
* Fremont County, Idaho 
* Fremont County, Iowa 
* Fremont County, Wyoming
* Fremont County, Kansas Territory
Plano

**Plano** may refer to:

## Places in the United States
* Plano, California, former name of Sanborn
* Plano, Texas
* Plano, Illinois
* Plano, Indiana
* Plano, Iowa

## Related pages
* 
*
Dinah Manoff

**Dinah Manoff** (born January 25, 1956) is an American stage, movie and television actress. She acted in many television movies and guest starred on television programs. She played Libby Tucker in both the stage and movie versions of *I Ought to be in Pictures*. She won a Tony Award in 1980 for acting in the play. She also acted in the theatrical movies *Bart Got a Room* and *The Amati Girls*.

In 1978, at age 19 she played Marty Maraschino in her first movie, *Grease*.

In 1980, Manoff played Karen, the suicidal friend of Timothy Hutton's character in the multiple Oscar-winning *Ordinary People*. In 1988, she played Maggie Peterson in ''Child's Play*. She then began playing Carol Weston on the television series *Empty Nest''. She played that role for seven years.

Manoff was born in New York City.

## References
Fremont County, Wyoming

**Fremont County** is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. In the 2020 census, 39,234 people lived there.  Its county seat is Lander. The county was formed in 1884. It is named for John C. Frémont, a general, explorer, and politician. It is about the size of the state of Vermont.

Fremont County includes the Riverton, Wyoming Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## Communities
### Cities 
*Lander (county seat)
*Riverton

### Towns 
*Dubois
*Hudson
*Pavillion
*Shoshoni

### Census-designated places 
*Arapahoe
*Atlantic City
*Boulder Flats
*Crowheart
*Ethete
*Fort Washakie
*Jeffrey City
*Johnstown

### Unincorporated communities
*Kinnear
*Kotey Place
*Lysite
*Miner's Delight
*St. Stephens
*South Pass City

## References
## Other websites
*
Lander, Wyoming

**Lander** is a city in Wyoming in the United States. It is the county seat of Freemont County. According to the 2020 census, Lander has 7,546 people.
## References
Lander

**Lander** may refer to:

## Places 
;United States
* Lander County, Nevada, United States
* Lander Crossing, California, United States
* Lander, Pennsylvania, United States
* Lander, Wyoming, United States

;Venezuela
* Lander, Venezuela
Kaeng Krachan National Park

**Kaeng Krachan** () is the largest national park of Thailand. It is on the border with Myanmar, and joins with Myanmar's Tanintharyi Nature Reserve. It is popular with tourists, and is near the beach resort of Hua Hin.

The park covers parts of Phetchaburi Province and Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. It contains rainforest on the eastern side of the Tenasserim Mountain Range. The highest elevation is 1,20&nbsp;m. Two main rivers begin within the park: the Pranburi River and the Phetchaburi River. The Phetchaburi is blocked by the Kaeng Krachan Dam at the eastern border of the park. The dam creates a lake covering an area of 46.5&nbsp;km2. The dam was built in 1966. There are private plantations within the park.

The park was created on 12 June 1981. It was the 28th national park of Thailand. It originally covered an area of 2,478&nbsp;km2. It was enlarged in December 1984. In 2005 it was shown to UNESCO for consideration as a World Heritage Site.

The forests contain a great variety of plants and animals. The killing of wild elephants is a big problem at the park. It is difficult to stop poachers.

## References
## Other websites
*National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department 
*Wildlife, attractions and maps of Kaeng Krachan National Park
Lovell

**Lovell** may refer to:

## Places 
* Lovell, Maine, United States
* Lovell, Ohio, an unincorporated community
* Lovell, Wyoming, United States
* Minster Lovell, Oxfordshire, UK

## People 
* Jim Lovell, astronaut
Boston King

**Boston King** from ( 1760–1802) was a former Afro-American slave and British loyalist. He was born a slave in South Carolina and was apprenticed as a carpenter.  He joined the British when they occupied Charleston, as they promised freedom to slaves. Later, he gained his freedom from the British and settled in Nova Scotia after the American Revolutionary War. He later emigrated to Sierra Leone, where he helped  Freetown. King became the first Methodist missionary in Africa. King published his autobiography in 1798. He died about 1802 in Sierra Leone. 

## References