open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
When We Were Young (Adele song)

**"When We Were Young"** is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele from her third studio album, *25*.  The song is the fourth track on the album.  It has reached the top fifteen on the US *Billboard* Hot 100.  The song reached the top ten in the UK and Canada.  It is the second single from *25*, after "Hello".

The song is similar to "Hello" because it is influenced by soul music, except "When We Were Young" has a slower tempo.  It discusses the theme of youth and remembering the times of one's youth.

## Credits and personnel
* Adele Adkins - songwriting, vocals
* Tobias Jesso Jr. - songwriting, backing vocals, piano
* Ariel Rechtshaid - production, backing vocals

## Live performances
Adele first performed the song live on *Adele at the BBC*, which was recorded at The London Studios on 2 November 2015 and broadcast on BBC One on 20 November. She performed the song on *Saturday Night Live* on 22 November. Adele also performed the song on *Adele Live in New York City*, which was recorded at a one-night-only show at Radio City Music Hall on 17 November and broadcast on NBC on 14 December. A version of the song was filmed live at The Church Studios, where much of *25* was recorded, and released via Vevo. Adele performed "When We Were Young" as the closing song on the 2016 Brit Awards in London. At Glastonbury Festival 2016, Adele performed this song the live for over 135,000 people.

## Notes
*

## References
Barbara Byrd-Bennett

**Barbara Byrd–Bennett** (born April 12, 1951) is an American educator. 

## Career
Byrd–Bennett was the Chief Executive officer of the Chicago Public Schools district and the Cleveland Municipal School District. Byrd–Bennett served as CEO of the Cleveland Municipal School District from 1998 to 2006. From 2009 to 2011, she was the academic and accountability officer for the Detroit Public Schools system. She was hired as the Chicago Public Schools' chief education advisor in April 2012 

## Illegal activity
She resigned from CPS in 2015 amid a bribery investigation, which led to her pleading guilty to multiple charges. She could go to jail for 7 and a half years.

## References
Raoul Walsh

**Raoul A. Walsh** (March 11, 1887December 31, 1980) was an American film director and actor. He also founded the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He was known for playing the part of John Wilkes Booth in the movie *The Birth of a Nation* (1915). He also directed films like *The Big Trail* (1930) starring John Wayne, *High Sierra* (1941) starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart, and *White Heat* (1949) with James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien.

## Death 
Walsh died on December 31,1980 and is buried in Ventura County, California.

## References
Lasse Pöysti

**Lasse Erik Pöysti** (24 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a Finnish actor, director, theatre manager and writer. He has acted both in Finnish and Swedish language.
## Biography 
Pöysti began his career as a child actor. He was known for his role in the movie *Suomisen Perhe* (1941). He also appeared on stage mostly on Strindberg plays *Gustav III* () and *Erik XIV*.

He played his last role at theatre stage in Helsinki City Theatre at the age of 85.

From 1952 to 1984, he was married to actress Birgitta Ulfsson.

## Filmography
*1999 – Lapin kullan kimallus
*1995 – Vita lögner
*1995 – Petri tårar
*1993 – Rosenbaum (TV-series)
*1993 – Macklean (TV-series)
*1989 – Tjurens år
*1989 – Dårfinkar och dönickar
*1986 – På liv och död
*1986 – Flucht in den Norden
*1984 – Dirty Story
*1982 – Ingenjör Andrées luftfärd
*1980 – Det blir jul på Möllegården (TV-series) 
*1980 – Barna från Blåsjöfjället
*1979 – Linus eller Tegelhusets hemlighet
*1979 – Herr Puntila and His Servant Matti
*1978 – The Adventures of Picasso
*1969–1970 – Mumintrollet (TV-series)
*1966 – Syskonbädd 1782
*1964 – Bröllopsbesvär
*1951 – Radio tekee murron
*1942 – Suomisen Ollin tempaus

## References
## Other websites
*
Flag of New Zealand

The **flag of New Zealand** was adopted in 1907. It has the Union Flag of the United Kingdom in the upper left quarter, and the Southern Cross on a blue ground. it picks up the country's position as an island in a southern ocean, and its British heritage.

There was a referendum going on to find a replacement flag in 2015. New Zealanders voted to keep the original flag and not change it.
]]
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

**Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome** (**MODS**), previously known as **multiple organ failure** (**MOF**), **Total organ failure**(**TOF**) or **multisystem organ failure** (**MSOF**), is when the organ function is acutely ill and the patient is requires medical intervention to achieve homeostasis. It usually involves two or more organ systems.

## Cause
The condition usually results from infection, injury (accident, surgery), hypoperfusion and hypermetabolism. The primary cause triggers an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Sepsis is the most common cause in operative and non-operative patients. Sepsis may result in septic shock.

## Stages
Four clinical phases have been suggested:
***Stage 1** the patient has increased volume requirements and mild respiratory alkalosis which is accompanied by oliguria, hyperglycemia and increased insulin requirements.
***Stage 2** the patient is tachypneic, hypocapnic and hypoxemic; develops moderate liver dysfunction and possible hematologic abnormalities.
***Stage 3** the patient develops shock with azotemia and acid-base disturbances; has significant coagulation abnormalities.
***Stage 4** the patient is vasopressor dependent and oliguric or anuric; subsequently develops ischemic colitis and lactic acidosis.

## References
## Other websites
* The ICU Book by Marino 
* Cecil Textbook of Medicine
* The Oxford Textbook of Medicine 
* Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
Tove Jansson

**Tove Marika Jansson** (Finland ; 9 August 1914 – 27 June 2001) was a Finnish-born novelist, painter, illustrator and comic strip author. For her contribution as a children's writer she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1966.

Jansson is best known as the author of the *Moomin* books for children. The first such book, *The Moomins and the Great Flood*, appeared in 1945, though it was the next two books, *Comet in Moominland* and *Finn Family Moomintroll*, published in 1946 and 1948 respectively, that brought her fame.

Jansson died in Helsinki, Finland from natural causes at the age of 86.

## Visual art
*"Party in the city", 1947; It is a mural; Helsinki Art Museum (HAM)

## References
## Other websites
*Tove Jansson  at www.moomin.com 
*Tove Jansson  at Schildts
*Tove Jansson and the altarpiece "Ten Virgins" 
*Tove Jansson at WSOY 
*thisisFINLAND: People – Tove Jansson: writer, painter and illustrator
*The Moomin Trove Comprehensive lists of Tove Jansson's Moomin books
*Tove Jansson and The Moomin Trove by Finland Travel Club
*Moominland Tales: The Life of Tove Jansson (BBC) by Eleanor Yule
Nimr al-Nimr

**Nimr Baqr al-Nimr** (&lrm;; 1959 &ndash; 2 January 2016), better known as **Sheikh Nimr**, was a Saudi Shia Sheikh and human rights activist. He was a Sheikh from around 2008 until his death. He was one of the best known Shia clerics in Saudi Arabia. In July 2012, he was arrested by Saudi police and shot in the leg. He was put on trial for terrorism charges and sentenced to death in October 2014.

## Early life and education 
Al-Nimr was born in Al-Awamiyah, Qatif. He studied for about ten years in Tehran, Iran and also studied in Syria.

## Death 
Al-Nimr was among the prisoners killed by beheading in a mass execution on 2 January 2016. He was 56.

## References
## Other websites
Carrier's constraint

tiles showing typical lizard's pattern of movement]]

'''Carrier's constraint''' is an observation about air-breathing vertebrates which flex their bodies sideways when moving. They find it very difficult to move and breathe at the same time. The sideways flexing expands one lung and compresses the other, shunting stale air from lung to lung instead of expelling it completely to make room for fresh air.

It was named, by English paleontologist Richard Cowen, after David R. Carrier, who wrote his observations on the problem in 1987.

Many amphibia and reptiles can and do move very fast over short distances. They do it by moving without breathing, which builds up an "oxygen debt". Humans sometimes do this when running very quickly. 100-metre sprinters do not breathe during a race. They collapse and recover afterwards. Many reptiles and amphibians are ambush predators, which fits that kind of life quite well. There is no reptile or amphibian equivalent to dogs or deer, with their huge capacity for running long distances. 

There are, however, some reptiles which get round the Carrier constraint. Snakes, for example have only one lung. And, of course, dinosaurs were bipedal to start with, and most groups stayed bipedal to the end. Lizards run in short bursts with brief pauses. Carrier was able to show that they breathed in the pauses.

## References
2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

The **2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A** (officially the **Brasileirão Chevrolet 2015** for sponsorship reasons) was the 59th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top-level of professional football in Brazil. After winning twice in a row in the 2013 and 2014 seasons, Cruzeiro came in defending their title as the Brazilian football champions. Corinthians won the title.

## Teams 
### Stadia and locations 
## Results 
* 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of first round
* 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of second round

## Season statistics 
### Top scorers 
### Top assists 
### Hat-tricks 
4 Player scored 4 goals.

## References
* Source: ESPN FC & Globo

-->
Crested serpent eagle

The **crested serpent eagle** (*Spilornis cheela*) is a medium-sized bird of prey. It is found in forested habitats across tropical Asia. It is found in a wide range across the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and East Asia. There are a number of variations and some authorities prefer to treat several of its subspecies as completely separate species. In the past, several species including the Philippine serpent eagle (*S. holospila*), Andaman serpent eagle (*S. elgini*) and South Nicobar serpent eagle (*S. klossi*) were treated as subspecies of the Crested serpent eagle.

## Physical description 
All members within the species complex have a large looking head with long feathers on the back of the head giving them a crested appearance. The face is bare and yellow joining up with the beak. Its powerful feet are unfeathered and heavily scaled. They fly over the forest canopy on broad wings and their tails have wide white and black bars. They call often with a loud, piercing and familiar three or two-note call.

## Behavior 
This raptor sits motionless from a high  watching for prey. When prey is found it drops almost straight down to . In Japan they are usually found very close to forest edges and wet marshlands.

## Role in the ecosystem 
Crested serpent eagles are apex predators and at the top of their food chain. They are a good indicator of the health of the ecosystem they occupy. They control snake populations and also those of other small mammals and reptiles. They are a common sight in places such as India. The species is not globally threatened. On most lists they are of least concern.

## References
Scale insect

The **scale insects** are small bugs of the order Hemiptera. They are the superfamily **Coccoidea**.  There are about 8,000 described species of scale insects. They are ectoparasites of plants, like most bugs. They sit on the outside of plants, stick their mouthparts inside, and suck up the plant sap.

Adult female scales usually do not move: they are permanently attached to the plant they have parasitized.  They secrete a waxy coating for defence. The coating makes them look like fish scales, hence their common name.

Males and females are quite different form each other. This is sexual dimorphism. Female scale insects keep their juvenile shape even when sexually mature (a condition known as neoteny). Adult males usually have wings (depending on their species) but never feed, and die within a day or two.

The details of their reproductive systems vary greatly between species. Three types of hermaphroditism are known, and at least seven forms of parthenogenesis.

Their young, known as crawlers, lose the use of their legs if they are female, and stay put for life. Only the males keep their legs and use them in seeking females for mating.

## Pest control 
Many scale insects are serious crop pests.  The waxy covering  protects them from contact insecticides. However, scales may be controlled. Horticultural oils suffocate them, and systemic pesticides poison the sap of the host plants. Biological control agents such as tiny parasitoid wasps and Coccinellid beetles also work on them.  
Insecticidal soap may also be used against scales. 

## References
Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan

**Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan** (24 September 1924 &ndash; 2 January 2016) was an Indian communist politician. He was the general secretary of the Communist Party of India (CPI) from 1996 until 2012.

Bardhan was born in Barisal, Bengal Presidency, British India (now in Bangladesh). His wife died in 1986. They had two children.

Bardhan had a paralytic stroke in December 2015. He died on 2 January 2016 in New Delhi, aged 91.

## References
Thanat Khoman

**Thanat Khoman** (also Thanad; ; ; May 9, 1914 &ndash; March 3, 2016) was a Thai former diplomat and politician. He was Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1971, chairman of the Democrat Party from 1979 to 1982, and Deputy Prime Minister from 1980 to 1982.

## Forming of ASEAN
He and foreign ministers of 4 other countries, were responsible for starting ASEAN.

## Death
Khoman died in Bangkok, Thailand of respiratory failure on March 3, 2016 at the age of 101.

## References
Richard F. Gordon Jr.

**Richard Francis** "**Dick**" **Gordon, Jr.** (October 5, 1929 &ndash; November 6, 2017), (Capt, USN, Ret.), was an American former naval officer and aviator, chemist, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. He was one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon, as the Command Module Pilot for the Apollo 12 mission. He was born in Seattle, Washington.

Gordon, Jr. died on November 6, 2017 at his home in San Marcos, California at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website of Dick Gordon
*Gordon's official NASA biography
*Astronautix biography of Richard F. Gordon, Jr.
*Spacefacts biography of Richard F. Gordon, Jr.
*About Richard F. Gordon, Jr.
Lewis Millett

**Lewis Lee Millett Sr.** (December 15, 1920 &ndash; November 14, 2009) was an American military person. He was a United States Army officer who received the Medal of Honor during the Korean War for leading the last major American bayonet charge. Millett was born in Mechanic Falls, Maine. He later served in the Vietnam War as well. He retired from the Army in 1973.

Millett died in Loma Linda, California from congestive heart failure at the age of 88. He was buried with full military honors in Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gabrielle Anwar

**Gabrielle Anwar** (born 4 February 1970) is an English actress. She played Margaret Tudor on *The Tudors*. She also played "The Tango Girl" in *Scent of a Woman*. She later played Fiona in the television series *Burn Notice*.

Anwar was born in Laleham, Surrey, England.

## References
Ian Pieris

**Ian Pieris** (14 March 1933 &ndash; 1 January 2016) was a Sri Lankan first-class cricketer. He was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka. He was an important figure in Sri Lankan sports. He was a former president of Sri Lanka Cricket (1989, 1990-1991).

Pieris also had a long cricket career playing as a top-order batsman for St. Thomas' College and as a right-arm opening bowler for Singhalese Sports Club, Cambridge University and All-Ceylon. He retired from sports activities in 2003 due to health problems. 

Pieris died at the age of 82 in Colombo, Sri Lanka from a long illness.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography
Frances Cress Welsing

**Frances Cress Welsing** (**Frances Luella Cress**; March 18, 1935 &ndash; January 2, 2016) was an American afrocentrist and psychiatrist. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. Welsing is known for her views on white supremacy. According to Welsing, White people are the result of genetic mutation and are the children of Africans. She is the author of the well-known *The Isis Papers* (1991).

Welsing suffered a stroke on January 1, 2016. She was 80 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Ortiz de Montellano, B. (2001) *Magic Melanin: Spreading Scientific Illiteracy to Minorities*.
Emlyon Business School

**Emlyon Business School** is a French business school. It was founded in Lyon, France in 1872. The school also has campuses in Saint-Étienne, France, in Shanghai, China,  Bhubaneshwar and Mumbai in India. The newest campus opened in 2015 in Casablanca, Morocco. Emlyon is well-known for its entrepreneurnship academic degrees.

Emlyon is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management. The Financial Times ranked it #14 in Europe.

## References
## Related articles 
* Business school
* Grande école
* Conférence des Grandes Écoles
* University of Lyon

## Other websites 
*
Trypophobia

**Trypophobia** is a fear of an irregular pattern of holes or bumps. 

Some people feel the holes are "disgusting and gross." Others feel nauseated and itchy, have panic attacks, sweat or feel their heart pound. It may be that some brain responses associate the holes with danger.

## References
Decathlon

A **decathlon** is a sporting event. It has ten track and field events. The combined events are: 100 meters, 400 meters, 1500 meters, 110 meters hurdles, long jump, high jump, pole vault, discus throw, javelin throw and shot put.

The word *decathlon* comes from the Greek language. It has two parts; δέκα (*déka*, meaning "ten") and ἄθλος (*áthlos*, or ἄθλον, *áthlon*, meaning "feat").
Naan

**Naan bread** is a type of bread made with flour. It is a flatbread that is baked in a tandoor. Naan bread often looks like a tear drop. It is often covered in herbs and spices such as garlic to change the taste.

Naan bread is made from basic bread ingredients like wheat flour, a leavening agent (either yeast, yogurt, baking powder, or all), salt, and butter or ghee. It also is made with yogurt and milk. The yogurt is what makes naan bread taste so much different than other kinds of bread.

## Gallery 

File:Cheese Naan.jpg|Indian cheese Naan
File:Naan shiva.jpg|Naan bread in Indian restaurant Shiva.

## Related pages 
* Bread
Aloha (movie)

***Aloha*** is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Cameron Crowe and it was produced by Cameron Crowe and Scott Rudin. *Aloha* was released on May 29, 2015.
## Reviews
The movie got negative reviews from critics. It has a 20% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. *Aloha* was also a box office bomb and only made $26.3 million from its $37 million budget.

The movie was criticized by Media Action Network for Asian-Americans for "whitewashing" the cast. Director Cameron Crowe said in a response: "I have heard your words and your disappointment, and I offer you a heart-felt apology to all who felt this was an odd or misguided casting choice. As far back as 2007, Captain Allison Ng was written to be a super-proud one quarter Hawaiian who was frustrated that, by all outward appearances, she looked nothing like one. A half-Chinese father was meant to show the surprising mix of cultures often prevalent in Hawaii. Extremely proud of her unlikely heritage, she feels personally compelled to over-explain every chance she gets. The character was based on a real-life, red-headed local who did just that." Emma Stone said that whitewashing was a problem in Hollywood and that she regretted being miscast.

## Cast 
* Bradley Cooper as Brian Gilcrest
* Emma Stone as Captain Allison Ng
* Rachel McAdams as Tracy Woodside
* Bill Murray as Carson Welch
* John Krasinski as John "Woody" Woodside
* Danny McBride as Colonel "Fingers" Lacy
* Alec Baldwin as General Dixon
* Bill Camp as Bob Largent
* Michael Chernus as Roy
* Jaeden Lieberher as Mitchell
* Danielle Rose Russell as Grace
* Edi Gathegi as Lieutenant Colonel Curtis
* Bumpy Kanahele as himself

## References
## Other websites 
*
Laundry

**Laundry** is the washing of clothing. Laundry is often done in a special room called a *laundry room*. Some shared homes have shared laundry rooms. Businesses that wash clothes are called laundromats or launderettes.

Laundry is done by washing with soap and water or detergent and water. The clothing is stirred roughly in the soapy water, and then moved to be rinsed in clean water. Washing can be done by hand or with a washing machine. The clothing is dried in a clothes dryer or on a clothesline. Sometimes after the clothes are dry, they are ironed or pressed.

## References 
## Other websites
Clothes dryer

A **clothes dryer** or **tumble dryer** is a machine that is used to remove water from clothing after it is washed. A dryer has a rotating cylinder called a "drum' that holds clothes and lets hot air in to evaporate the water. Then the heated air and water vapor exit through a vent. The drum spins so that the clothing stays apart making the hot air work better. Dryers can use electricity to both operate the machine and create heat to dry the clothes. Others use natural gas to create the heat.

Ventless clothes dryers work differently since they cannot vent the hot air. The two types of ventless dryers are condensation dryers and heat pump dryers. Condensation dryers heat the air the same as a regular dryer, but use a heat exchanger. The air is cooled and the water goes down a drain. A heat pump dryer works similarly but passes the air a heat pump. The water either goes down the drain or into a collection tank.

## References
Alan Bean

**Alan LaVern Bean** (March 15, 1932 &ndash; May 26, 2018), (Capt, USN, Ret.), was an American former naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. 

He was the fourth person to walk on the Moon. He was selected to become an astronaut by NASA in 1963 as part of Astronaut Group 3. He made his first flight into space aboard Apollo 12, the second manned mission to land on the Moon, at the age of 37, in November 1969.

Bean died at a hospital in Houston, Texas, on May 26, 2018, from a short illness, at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* Alan Bean Online Gallery - An authorized gallery of all his paintings
* Bean's official NASA biography
* Astronautix biography of Alan Bean
* Spacefacts biography of Alan Bean
* Bean at International Space Hall of Fame 
* *Ocean of Storms* with Alan Bean
* 
* Alan Bean  at the National Aviation Hall of Fame
* Bean at Encyclopedia of Science
* Bean at Spaceacts 
* Official publisher website for Homesteading Space
Gilbert Kaplan

**Gilbert Edmund Kaplan** (March 3, 1941 &ndash; January 1, 2016) was an American businessman, journalist and conductor. He was born in New York City, New York. He founded the magazine *Institutional Investor* in 1967. He was publisher of the magazine until 1990, and editor-in-chief for two more years, although he sold it in 1984.

Kaplan died of cancer on January 1, 2016 at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
* Interview about 2nd Symphony
* A musician of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra on Kaplan's conducting 
* "Desperately seeking Mahler", *The Economist*
Steve Gohouri

**Lohoré Steve Ulrich Gohouri** (8 February 1981 &ndash; December 2015), better known as **Steve Gohouri**, was an Ivorian professional footballer. He played as a defender from 1998 until his death. He played for Paris Saint-Germain, Vaduz, BSC Young Boys, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Wigan Athletic, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Bologna.

Gohouri was born in Treichville, Abidjan.

Gohouri went missing in December 2015 in Germany. He was found dead on 31 December 2015 in the river Rhine. His death was announced on 2 January 2016. He was 34.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Joanna Angel

**Joanna Angel**, born ***Joanna Mostov***, (born December 25, 1980) is an American alternative pornographic and mainstream actress, director, writer of adult movies and former stripper.

## Early life
Angel was born in Brooklyn, New York to an Orthodox Jewish family. She was raised in River Edge, New Jersey, and studied at Rutgers University.

## Career
She became famous for creating an adult dating website called BurningAngel. Following the success of Burning Angel, Angel has been featured in numerous magazines and newspapers, including *The New York Times*. She has appeared in over 150 adult movies and has directed over 50 adult movies.

## Personal life
Angel dated fellow porn star James Deen for six years. On December 2, 2015, Angel appeared on The Jason Ellis Show to give more details about her "violent and scary" six-year relationship with Deen. 

Angel is a Democrat.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* "I’m a Porn Star, and I Believe in God"
* "Sociology Of Sexuality lecture at UC Irvine"
File allocation table

A **file allocation table** (FAT) is a way that computers look up stored data on a storage device. These include floppy disks, USB flash drives, SD cards and other high capacity storage devices. 

A FAT is a list of clusters that show where a computer file is stored. These clusters are not necessarily right next to each other but can be scattered over the disk or storage medium. The FAT is always located in the first few clusters of a storage device.There are always two  copies, one being a backup of the other. It works well even in lightweight uses. But it cannot deliver the same speed,  and scalability as some modern file systems. It is, however, supported for  reasons by nearly all currently developed operating systems for personal computers. It is also supported by many mobile devices and embedded systems. That makes it a well suited format for data exchange between computers and devices of almost any type and age from 1981 up to the present.

## History 
It was originally designed in 1977 for use on floppy disks. As disk drives improved, the capabilities of the file system have been extended accordingly. This has resulted in three major file system variants: FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32. The FAT standard has also been expanded in other ways while generally preserving backward compatibility with existing software.

With the introduction of more powerful computers and operating systems FAT is no longer the  file system for use on Microsoft Windows computers.

## Modern use 
FAT file systems are still commonly found on floppy disks, USB sticks, flash and other solid-state memory cards. DCF uses FAT as the standard file system for digital cameras. FAT is also utilized in the boot stage of EFI-compliant computers.

## References 
## Other websites 
* File Allocation Table; YouTube
* FAT
* FAT File Systems, Microsoft
Margaret Tudor

**Margaret Tudor** (29 November 1489 – 18 October 1541) was the wife of James IV of Scotland. She was Queen Consort of Scotland from 1503 until James IV died in 1513. After that, she was regent for their son James V. Margaret and James IV were grandparents of Mary, Queen of Scots.

Margaret was born at Westminster Palace. She was the oldest surviving daughter of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York.

In 1514, Margaret married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus. Margaret and Douglas were grandparents of Lord Darnley, the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots.  Margaret's great-grandson, King James VI of Scotland, became the king of England and Ireland after Elizabeth I of England died in 1603.

## Ancestry
## Other websites
*A short profile of Margaret alongside other influential women of her time
*Margaret Tudor Gallery
*http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/MargaretTudor(QueenScotland).htm
Gisela Mota Ocampo

**Gisela Raquel Mota Ocampo** (13 March 1982 &ndash; 2 January 2016) was a Mexican politician. She was a member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). She was the mayor of Temixco from 1 January 2016 until her death the next day. She was born in Temixco, Morelos.

Mota Ocampo was shot dead at her home on 2 January 2016 in Pueblo Viejo, aged 33.

## References
Cheque

A **cheque** (or *check*) is a paper used to give money from one person or business to another person or business. To the person getting the cheque, it is a paper that allows them to go to a bank and get money. To the person writing the cheque, it is a promise to pay the bank that is giving the money to the person who turned the cheque in.

Cheques must be written to a person or business. A cheque that is not written to anyone can be very bad because if it is lost, anyone who finds it can get the money. A cheque that is written to a person but does not have the amount of money written is a blank cheque.

Cheques have been used since over a thousand years ago. However, they became popular in the 20th century for paying money without using cash.

## Parts of a cheque 
The four main parts of a cheque are:
* *Drawer*, the person who makes the cheque
* *Payee*, the person who gets the money
* *Drawee*, the bank that pays the money for the cheque
* *Amount*, the amount that has to be paid
When more people started to use cheques, more things were added to make them more secure and easy to track. They started to require the drawer's signature to be confirmed. The signature on a cheque is the main way to tell if a cheque is real. Cheques also started to need the amount written in words and numbers. This made it harder to make mistakes and harder to change the cheque after it was already written.

Issue dates have also been added to cheques. A cheque is invalid if a long time has passed since the issue date. A cheque with an issue date in the past is called an antedated cheque. A cheque with an issue date in the future is called a post-dated cheque. Usually, a person cannot get money from a post-dated cheque until after the issue date has passed.

Cheque numbers are also used often. Every cheque has a different cheque number. This is to make sure people can't get money twice from one cheque.
City of Bones

***City of Bones*** is the first novel of Cassandra Clare. It was first published March 27, 2007 in United States by Simon & Schuster, who publishes her other works as well. This is the first book of her main series *The Mortal Instruments.*

## Creation
Cassandra Clare was a fan fiction author, publishing her Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings stories online. One day, in 2004, a friend of hers took her to a tattoo shop, where she saw those footprints on the ceiling, and after that, she started developing the story of a race of warriors, called Shadowhunters, who were burdened with the job to protect humans from demons. 
After some rejections, in 2007 Clare got her book published by the name *City of Bones*, by Simon & Schuster, in the US. Her books have been published and have become bestsellers. In UK, her publisher is Walker Books.
Marcel Barbeau

**Marcel Christian Barbeau**  (February 18, 1925 &ndash; January 2, 2016) was a Canadian artist. His best known works are ''Fenêtre sur l'avenir* and *Fenêtre sur l'avenir'', both in Montreal.

Barbeau was born in Montreal, Quebec. He studied with Paul-Émile Borduas. In 1995, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. He was a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. He had two children. Barbeau died on January 2, 2016 at the age of 90.

## References
Bradycardia

**Bradycardia** (also called **bradyarrhythmia**) is a slow heart rate.  In adults, bradycardia is  as a heart rate that is under 60 beats per minute (bpm) while the person is resting.  Bradycardia is a type of cardiac arrhythmia.

There are many types of bradycardia.  Some are caused by problems with the heart.  Bradycardia can also be caused by medicines, drugs, and many other things.

## Symptoms
The symptoms of bradycardia depend on how slow the heart rate is and what kind of problem the heart is having.  For most people, bradycardia is not a serious problem.  But it can become a serious problem if it signals a major problem with the heart.  Also, if bradycardia gets very bad, the heart will be unable to pump enough blood and oxygen to the body.  Every part of the body needs blood and oxygen to survive.  If bradycardia is bad enough, it can cause organ damage, brain damage, and death.

## Causes
* Problems with the heart's electrical system.  There are two atria (upper ) in the heart: the right atrium and the left atrium.  For the heart to beat normally, special parts of the right atrium have to send electricity through the heart to make it squeeze out blood.  The electricity has to start in a certain place and pass through a certain route in the heart.  If this does not happen correctly, the heart will not beat correctly.
* Medications, like beta blockers
* Depressant medications or drugs

## References
Michel Delpech

**Jean-Michel Delpech** (26 January 1946 &ndash; 2 January 2016), better known as **Michel Delpech**, was a French singer-songwriter and actor. He began his career in 1964. He released thirteen albums and over 50 singles. He appeared in the movie *The Beloved* (2011).

Delph was born in Courbevoie, Hauts-de-Seine. He was married to Chantal Simon until their divorce in 1976. He later married Geneviève Garnier-Fabre in 1985. He had three children.

Delph died from throat cancer on 2 January 2016 in Puteaux. He was 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Shigeji Kaneko

**Shigeji Kaneko** (, 13 August 1931 &ndash; 2 January 2016) was a Japanese featherweight boxer during the 1950s. He fought Gabriel "Flash" Elorde four times, winning them all. He was also a boxing promoter from the 1980s until the early 2000s. He was born in Tsubame, Niigata.

Shigeji died from progressive supranuclear palsy on 2 January 2016 in Tokyo. He was 84.

## References
## Other websites
* Shigeji Kaneko at BoxRec
Acid2

The **Acid2** test is a test of web browsers to see if they can show parts of the internet correctly. It uses CSS and HTML to put things in the right places. It uses the PNG format for the images it uses in the test. A company's web browser that works with the Acid2 test is able to show most of the internet correctly and is a modern web browser.

## References
Folding@home

**Folding@Home** is a distributed computing project that helps doctors at Stanford University learn about and cure diseases. When parts of the human body do not work right, they make people sick. Folding@Home looks at the parts called proteins. When these proteins do not work right, they can make people sick with things like Alzheimer's, Mad Cow disease, and many types of cancer. It can also run in a Google Chrome window. It is now available for a wide variety of Android mobile devices.

## References
Qualia

**Qualia** is a term philosophers use for bits of perception or , conscious experience. It is in the field called the philosophy of psychology, or philosophy of mind.

Examples of qualia include the pain of a headache, the taste of wine, or the perceived redness of an evening sky. It is a separate bit of experience, different from thinking about propositions or stream of consciousness thought.

Daniel Dennett (born 1942), American philosopher and cognitive scientist, says *qualia* is "an unfamiliar term for something that could not be more familiar to each of us: the ways things seem to us".

## References
Storyboard

A **storyboard** is a way of planning animated films, movies, or television shows. A storyboard shows examples of what the artist wants to make before they are animated. It also lets artists organize their stories before they start to make the animation. Storyboarding, in the form it is known today, was developed at Walt Disney Productions. It was first used in the 1928 animated short film, *Plane Crazy*."

## References 
## Other websites 
* Storyboard from the Movie Gone With the Wind
* Storyboards from Ten Popular Films
Oscar Isaac

**Oscar Isaac** (born **Óscar Isaac Hernández Estrada**; March 9, 1979) is a Guatemalan - American actor. He is known for his lead film roles in the comedy-drama *Inside Llewyn Davis* (2013), for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination, the crime drama *A Most Violent Year* (2014) and the science fiction thriller *Ex Machina* (2015). He had a role in the 2015 film *Star Wars: The Force Awakens*. He has also recorded music in Guatemala. He won a Golden Globe Award in 2016.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
### Video games
### Podcasts
## Theatre
## New Japan Pro Wrestling (1989 - 1995)
Vsto debuted in 1989 at the PvP (NjPW Crash) and carried on his career at NjPW.

## Visto (1996)
Visto made an impact on showing up at WCW Monday Nitro in a battle royal.

## Mincho (1997)
Visto disappeared on WCW Monday Nitro and appeared on WCW Monday Nitro as Mincho .

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Jeannie Mai

**Jeannie Camtu Mai** (born January 4, 1979) is an American television personality. She is a known fashion expert for the television series *How Do I Look?*. She has been a presenter for the Miss Universe pageant as well. 

## References
Alexandra Nilsson

**Alexandra "Kissie" Nilsson** (born **Alexandra Barbara Nilsson**, 18 April 1991) is a Swedish blogger and television personality.   She has two siblings, who are younger than her. 

She started her blog in January 2007. In 2011, she had the most visited blog in Sweden with about 170,000 visitors.  She also has a Youtube channel called Alexandra "Kissie" Nilsson. It has very many subscribers.

In late summer of 2010, Kissie tried to start a career in music by recording a song, called "Success". It was released a month later. However, the song didn't get very much attention, and most of her readers didn't buy the song. That caused the website that sold "Success" to shut down two weeks after it's publicity.

In autumn 2010, Kissie and her friend were traveling to a Swedish city called Västerås, where they were going to host DJ at a nightclub. She said on her blog that she would meet her readers at the train station, but when she got there, she was attacked by some readers who threw some eggs and flour at her.

## References
Svetlana Alexievich

**Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich** (born 31 May 1948 in Ukraine) is a Belarusian investigative journalist and non-fiction writer who writes in the Russian language. She won a Nobel Prize in Literature in 2015.

## References
Honda CR-V

The **Honda CR-V** is a compact SUV, manufactured since 1997 by Honda. It was loosely based on the Honda Civic. It debuted in Japan in 1996. 

In 1997 the five-passenger compact utility vehicle was introduced in North America.

## References
Stream of consciousness

**Stream of consciousness** refers to the flow of thoughts in the conscious mind. It was a term used by the American psychologist and philosopher William James in 1890.  James said:
:"Consciousness, then, [is not] chopped up in bits. Such words as 'chain' or 'train' do not describe it fitly as it presents itself in the first instance. It is nothing jointed; it flows. A 'river' or a 'stream' are the metaphors by which it is most naturally described". (James, p239)

The idea (but not the term) had been noted before James, by the philosopher William Hamilton in his lectures of 1838/9. He described thought as "a series of acts all... connected". A similar idea occurs in early Buddhist writings, and is sometimes called the *mindstream*.

## Related pages
* Qualia
* Thought
* Consciousness
* Stream of consciousness writing

## References
Griot

A **griot** or **Jeli** is a West African historian, storyteller, musician, genealogist, spokesperson, diplomat, teacher, praise-singer and more. There is really no word in the English language that fully explains what a griot does. Not every griot does all these things, but these are some examples of what their function is. His fate depended on the prosperity and  of the king or queen he served. He preserved the oral history of his tribe or people. In the Caribbean and the Americas he was the link to their African culture and history. They kept track of all births, marriages, deaths, battles and other tribal histories. Griots were also said to have the ability to see one's future. For those not born into griot families, sometimes there was a master griot who taught the arts associated with the position. Today there are state-sponsored and private schools that teach griot arts. But they focus on the musical aspects and not the verbal skills.

## Related pages 
*Bard, a similar type of person in Europe

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Griot Tradition 
* What is a Griot? 
* Griots and Storytellers. Ancient Africa for Kids
Piña colada

A **piña colada** is a special kind of mixed cocktail. It is usually made of rum, coconut cream, and pineapple juice. It is usually served either blended or shaken with . It may be garnished with either a pineapple wedge, a maraschino cherry, or both. Piña colada is the national drink of Puerto Rico. 

There are many claims to be the first to invent the piña colada. Bartender Ramon “Monchito” Marrero is claimed to be the inventor over fifty years ago by the Puerto Rican government. There was also a version made in Cuba as early as 1922.

## References
Roommate

A **roommate** is a person who shares a room, apartment (British flat) or house with others. A **housemate** (mainly British) is someone who shares a house with others. For students living on a university campus, having at least one roommate is a traditional arrangement. Most college and university dormitories are designed for two roommates. There is a new trend among college students to request a room to themselves.

## References
Bernocchi

**Bernocchi** might mean:

## Brands 
* **Bernocchi Milano** – international Italian fashion brand.
* **Bernocchi Sport** – international Italian sports fashion brand.
* **Cotonificio Bernocchi** – international Italian luxury fashion brand.

## Places 
* Palazzo dell’Arte Bernocchi - museum of art and design.
* Teatro Bernocchi (Milan) - theatre of Milan, via Alemagna 6
* Istituto Bernocchi - fashion school of Legnano.
* Piazza Bernocchi - Seminario Arcivescovile di Corso Venezia 11, Milan.
* Teatro Bernocchi (Legnano) - theatre of Legnano, piazza 4 novembre

## People 
* Antonio Bernocchi - Italian businessman
* Nicola Bernocchi - entrepreneur, philanthropist and financier Italian
* Pietro Bernocchi - entrepreneur and financier Italian
* Andrea Bernocchi - entrepreneur Italian

## Products 
* Luminator Bernocchi, the first prototype of Italian industrial design objects invented by Luminator Bernocchi

## Companies 
* Cotonificio Bernocchi - Italian clothing company
* Fondazione Bernocchi - Italian charity Foundation
* Gruppo sportivo Bernocchi - Italian basketball team

## Sports 
* * Coppa Bernocchi * - cycling road race Men Online

## Place names
* Casal Bernocchi - fraction of Roma Capitale
* Via Bernocchi - Road Legnano (Varese)
* Via Bernocchi - Rome
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

The **Internet Assigned Numbers Authority** (**IANA**) is a department of ICANN. IANA is a nonprofit corporation that handles many Internet-related symbols and numbers.

## Responsibilities
IANA is in charge of allocating numbers like IP addresses used in Internet protocols. These protocols are published in Request for Comments (RFC) documents. IANA works with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the RFC editorial team. Assigning IP addresses and domain names needs more administration. IANA delegates these to smaller administrations because of the many layers involved.
### IP addresses
IANA gives IP addresses in blocks to regional internet registries (RIRs). Each RIR assigns addresses for a different part of the world. All the RIRs formed the Number Resource Organization to coordinate with each other.

RIRs split their address pools into smaller chunks and give them to Internet service providers in their region. IANA assigns addresses with a /8 prefix for IPv4. It also assigns IPv6 addresses with /23 and /12 prefixes. These IPv6 addresses come from the 2000::/3 IPv6 address block. Because IPv4 addresses have run out, IANA does not assign them any more.
### Domain names
IANA also manages the top layer of the Domain name system (DNS). It works with many different server operators and policy makers from ICANN. IANA also manages .int domains for international organizations, and .arpa for reverse DNS.
### Protocol parameters
IANA is also involved in Internet Engineering Task Force protocols, like uniform resource identifier (URI) schemes. It also recommends character encodings to use on the Internet. IANA has to listen to the Internet Architecture Board when doing this.
### Time zone database
IANA also has a database containing time zone differences and rules. Computers everywhere use the information in this database to keep time correctly. IANA has been responsible for the database since October 16, 2011. The original FTP server holding the database was shutdown because of the Astrolabe, Inc. v. Olson et al. court decision.
## Related pages
* Cybersecurity
* Artificial intelligence
* History of technology
* Information technology
* Computer programming
* World Wide Web (WWW)
Flag of British Columbia

The **Provincial Flag of British Columbia** is based upon the shield of the provincial arms of British Columbia. At the top of the flag is a rendition of the Royal Union Flag, defaced in the centre by a crown, and with a setting sun, a view from parliament  across the water at the province capitol, representing the location of the province of British Columbia in Canada.

## Historical flags 
The flag of British Columbia was adopted in 1960. It is based on the provincial arms and the union jack.

### Historical flags

File:Flag of the Colony of British Columbia.svg|Flag of British Columbia, British blue ensign used between (1870–1906) 

## Related pages
* Flag of Canada
* British Columbia

## References
Esperanto alphabet

The **Esperanto alphabet** is the alphabet which is used to write the Esperanto language. It has 28 (twenty-eight) letters.

The Esperanto alphabet is based on the Roman alphabet (which the English alphabet is also based on). Unlike the English alphabet, it does not have the letters *bu*t it has 6 (six) letters that use a diacritic (a special mark above a letter): *ĉ*, *ĝ*, *ĥ*, *ĵ*, *ŝ* and *ŭ*.

## Alternative writings 
Because Esperanto uses letters with diacritics, there was (and sometimes still is) the need to write text in Esperanto even if the special letters are not available.

L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, proposed the so-called *h-system* (*h-sistemo* in Esperanto). Instead of diacritics, the letter *h* is added, with the only exception being *ŭ*. For example, *ĝ* becomes *gh*, *ĥ* becomes *hh* and *ŭ* becomes *u*. Words which appear to have a diacritic but do not actually can be "broken" with a hyphen or an apostrophe. For example, *flughaveno* (airport) becomes *flug-haveno* or ''flug'haveno*.

Another system used to replace diacritics is the *x-system* (*x-sistemo* in Esperanto). The letter *x* is not used in the Esperanto alphabet, but it can be used to write diacritics. The x-system, unlike the h-system, does not treat ŭ differently from the other letters. For example, *ĝ* becomes *gx*, *ĥ* becomes *hx* and *ŭ* becomes *ux*. *flughaveno'' remains the same, as there is no ambiguity.

## Unicode and HTML 
The whole Esperanto alphabet is part of the Latin-3 and Unicode character sets, and it is included in WGL4. 
The code points and HTML entities for the special Esperanto characters in Unicode are:

## Criticism 
Some people say that use of the diacritics (the letters ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, ŭ) makes the language less natural than it would be using only the basic letters of Latin alphabet. The letters ĉ, ĝ,  ĥ, ĵ  are not used in any other language in the world.

According to some people, the phonetic system of Esperanto is too similar to the Polish dialect of Białystok, home town of Zamenhof.

Several people consider using the Latin alphabet not to be neutral. In fact, many native languages on each continent (except for Antarctica) use the Latin alphabet to write: for example, German (Europe), Swahili (Africa), Vietnamese (Asia), Tahitian (Oceania), Cree (North America) and Apalaí (South America).

## References