open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Chongqing

**Chongqing** (Simplified Chinese: 重庆, Traditional Chinese: 重慶; pinyin: Chóngqìng; Postal System Pinyin: Chungking) is a city and a district in Central China.
The Chongqing district is the most populated district of China and has 31,442,300 inhabitants (2005).

## History 
Chongqing is said to be the semi-mythical State of Ba that began in 11th century BC, when the Ba people began living here until they were destroyed by the State of Qin in 316 BC. 
The Qin emperor ordered a new city to be constructed, called Jiang (江州) and Chu Prefecture (楚州).

In 581 AD (Sui Dynasty), Chongqing was renamed to Yu Prefecture (渝州).

In 1102 the city was renamed Gong Prefecture.

In 1189 renamed Yu Prefecture to Chongqing Subprefecture.

In 1362 (Yuan Dynasty), Ming Yuzhen, a peasant rebel leader, established Daxia Kingdom at Chongqing for a short time.

In 1621, another short-lived kingdom of Daliang was established there.

In 1891, Chongqing became the first inland commerce port open to foreigners.

Since 1929, Chongqing was a municipality of the Republic of China. 
Chongqing was the provisional capital of the government of Chiang Kai-shek during the Second Chinese-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945.
The Japanese bombed Chongqing very hard in World War II.

In July 1954, Chongqing was merged into Sichuan Province and became a municipality under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province.

On March 14, 1997, the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress decided to merge Chongqing Municipality, Wanxian City, Fuling City and Qianjiang Prefecture, which were originally part of Sichuan Province, into a centrally administered municipality. On June 18 of the same year, Chongqing Municipality was officially established.

## Geography 
* Geographic coordinates: 105°17'-110°11' East, 28°10'－32°13' North
* Annual average temperature: 18&nbsp;°C (64&nbsp;°F)
* Temperature range: 0 to 47&nbsp;°C
* Total annual hours of sunshine: 1000-1200
* Annual precipitation: 1000–1400&nbsp;mm
* Neighbours: Hubei (east), Hunan (east), Guizhou (south), Sichuan (west), Shaanxi (north)

## Twin cities 
* Washington, D.C., United States
* Düsseldorf, Germany
* Seattle, United States
* Hiroshima, Japan
* Toronto, Canada
* Brisbane, Australia
* Toulouse, France
* Leicester, England
* Detroit, Michigan, United States

## Universities and Colleges 
* Chongqing Institute of Technology 
* Chongqing Jiaotong University 
* Chongqing Medical University 
* Chongqing Normal University 
* Chongqing Technology and Business University 
* Chongqing Three Gorges University 
* Chongqing University (founded in 1929)
* Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 
* Fuling Teachers College 
* Sichuan Fine Arts Institute 
* Sichuan International Studies University 
* Southwest University 
* Southwest University of Political Science and Law 
* Third Military Medical University 
* Western Chongqing University

## References
Wharf

A **wharf** is a permanent structure at a lake, a river, or the sea. It is made so that ships can be loaded and unloaded more easily. 

Image:Tofino fishing wharf 2004.jpg
Image:Canary Wharf.jpg|Canary Wharf in London
Image:Central HK wharf from ferry 1.jpg
Image:Macau Fisherman's Wharf1.JPG
Public house

in Leeds]]
**Public houses** (better known as **pubs**) are businesses that serve alcoholic drinks such as beer, cider and ale and usually also non-alcoholic drinks such as lemonade, cola, tea and tap water to be consumed within the limits of the business. They are subject to the licensing laws of the country and may be closed down if not properly conducted. Many pubs also sell food such as fish and chips and meat pies.

Pubs are found in various places like England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Austria, Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia and Germany. In villages and small towns in many parts of England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, pubs are the centre of community life. Some pubs hire bands or singers to entertain customers. If the pub has rooms in which people can sleep at night, it is usually called an inn.

## Ownership and staffing 
Public houses may be owned and operated in different ways. Breweries may own a number of pubs themselves. Pubs may be run as franchises by large catering companies. Regardles of how they are owned, a pub will be managed by a "landlord" or "landlady". Employees do different jobs to provide good service. Bartenders (also called "barmen" or "barmaids") serve drinks at the bar.

In most pubs, the customer orders the drinks at the bar and waits for them to be prepared and then carries the drinks back to the tables or area of seating. In some types of pubs, may sit at the bar or remain standing with their drinks. Some pubs hire servers, called waiters or waitresses, to bring drinks to people who are sitting at tables or in chairs. Some pubs also hire people to take away empty bottles and glasses, but the bartenders often do that as well.

Pubs that serve food have cooks, dishwashers, and servers to prepare, cook, and serve the food. Bands and singers entertain customers during the evening but are not usually employees of the pub. Instead, the pub signs a contract with the entertainers in which the entertainer promises to come to the pub on a specified day or night in return for a sum of money.

## Comparison with nightclubs 
Another type of business that serves alcohol is the nightclub. Like pubs, some nightclubs also serve food and have bands or singers as entertainers. Most people go to nightclubs because they enjoy the music and dancing. However, nightclubs often have a much wider selection of alcoholic drinks than pubs. Most nightclubs sell a number of different brands of spirits, liqueurs, wine, sherry, and aperitifs.

The bartenders (also called "barmen" or "barmaids") at nightclubs often make a much larger variety of mixed drinks, or cocktails, than those who work in pubs.
Squaring the circle

**Squaring the circle** is a problem of geometry. The problem is to construct a square that has the same area as the unit circle, only by using a compass and straightedge construction method. Some people also call this problem the quadrature of the circle.

This is *not* about a circle with corners like a square.  It is a problem like squaring a triangle. It is easy to construct a square with the same area as a triangle. Squaring the circle is related to the other ancient problems which have been proved impossible, doubling the cube and trisecting the angle.

In 1882, Ferdinand von Lindenmann proved that this cannot be done because it is impossible to calculate √π exactly, because it is a transcendental number.
Tampa Bay Lightning

The **Tampa Bay Lightning** is an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They play their home games at Benchmark International Arena in Tampa, Florida. They were formed in 1991, and began playing in 1992-93 NHL season. 

The Lightning has won the Stanley Cup championship three times and won the Division title 4 times (2002-03, 2003-04, 2017-18, and 2018-19). 

Before the Lightning's Stanley Cup championship, the team was regarded as one of the worst team in the league. It made the play-offs once (1995-96) before winning the Southeast Division in 2002-03.  

It won the Stanley Cup championship in 2003-04, the year before the NHL Lock-Out. Under the leadership of captain Dave Andreychuk, and the strong goaltending performance of goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin, the Lightning earned its first Stanley Cup over the Calgary Flames in 7 games.

During the Lightning's Stanley Cup winning year, Martin St. Louis won the Hart Trophy, the league's most valuable player. After game 7 against the Calgary Flames, Brad Richards was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, the play-offs most valuable player. Also, coach John Tortorella was awarded the Jack Adams Trophy for coach of the year.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Ichthyology

**Ichthyology** is the scientific study of fish.
The term **Ichthyology** is derived from the Greek words *ichthyus*, meaning fish, and *logos*, meaning knowledge.
It includes hagfish and lampreys (jawless fish), cartilagenous fish (such as sharks, skates and rays) (Chondrichthyes) and bony fishes (Osteichthyes).

A person who studies fish is called an *ichthyologist*.
Occupation

**Occupation** could mean:

In **business**:
*Employment, a person's job or work in service of an employer
*Profession, an occupation that requires special education and training.  For example, law, medicine, or theology.
*Vocation, an occupation pursued more for altruistic benefit than for income
*Career, a person's occupational history
*Day job, an occupation solely for income, while pursuing another preferred career track
*Standard Occupational Classification System, developed and used by the U.S. government

In a **military context:**
* Military occupation, control of a territory by a military force
** Occupied territory
** Law of occupation, the laws of war which relate to military occupation
*List of military occupations, notable historical instances of military occupation

**Elsewhere:**
* Occupation (protest), the temporary forceful occupation of a building, space or symbolic site
*Occupancy, use of a building for shelter or support of persons, animals, or property
**Occupation 101*, 2006 documentary movie about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
**Occupation: Dreamland*, documentary movie about 82nd Airborne in Iraq
**Occupation Double*, a Canadian reality television show
*"Occupation" (*Battlestar Galactica*), an episode in the third season
**Occupation: Foole*, comedy album by George Carlin
*"The Beautiful Occupation", song by the band, Travis
Tapir

**Tapirs** are odd-toed ungulates form the family **Tapiridae**. The only living genus is ***Tapirus***. The first tapirids appeared in the Eocene epoch, and by the Oligocene they looked similar to the present-day species. For much of their history, tapirs were spread across the Northern Hemisphere extinct as recently as 10,000 years ago.

## Taxonomy 
* Family **Tapiridae**
** Brazilian tapir or Lowland tapir (*Tapirus terrestris*)
** Mountain Tapir (*Tapirus pinchaque*)
** Baird's tapir (*Tapirus bairdii*)

** Malayan tapir (*Tapirus indicus*)
**Kabomani tapir (*Tapirus kabomani*)

## Appearance 
Tapirs are about 2 m / 7 ft long and about 1 meter / 3&nbsp;ft high. They weigh between 150 - 300 kg / 330 - 700 lb. They have a rounded body and very short stubby tails. Tapirs have hoofed toes, with four toes on the front feet and three toes on the hind feet. The Tapir's upper lip and nose have formed a short trunk, and they have a long tongue.

Tapirs have a short fur, with colors that are reddish-brown to grey to nearly black. Exceptions are the Mountain Tapir and the Asian Tapir. The Mountain Tapir has longer wooly fur. The Asian Tapir has a black front part and legs, and a white middle part and back. All baby tapirs have brown fur, with lighter stripes and dots for camouflage.

Tapirs cannot see very well, but they have good hearing and a very good sense of smell. Tapirs also swim very well.

## Habitat 
Tapirs live in of South America and Central America, except the Asian Tapir which lives in Southeast Asia. 
Tapirs live in dense forests, and close to water. They can also live in savannah biomes, or in dry tropical deciduous forests near a permanent water source.

## Life 
Tapirs are active at night. They eat leaves, fruit, berries, vegetables and nuts.

Tapirs live alone. After a pregnancy of about 13 months, the female gives birth to a single baby. After half a year the baby starts to lose the baby-coloring of its fur. When the young tapir is one year old it looks like an adult tapir, and it leaves its mother. Tapirs become mature when they are 4 years old. Tapirs can become 25 – 30 years old.

## Gallery 

Image:Flachlandtapir.jpg|Brazilian or lowland tapir
Image:Central American Tapir-Belize20.jpg|Baird's tapir
Image:Malayan Tapir.JPG|Malayan tapir
Image:Tapirbaby.jpg|A young Brazilian tapir

## References
## Other websites 
* IUCN/SSC Tapir Specialist Group
* The Tapir Gallery at The Tapir Preservation Fund website 
* World Tapir Day website
* Baird's Tapir Project of Costa Rica
Oviedo

**Oviedo** () is a city in the North of Spain and capital of the Principality of Asturias. In 2020 it had 220,406 inhabitants.

## History 
**Oviedo** was founded about 761 A.D. by two monks Maximus and Fromestanus who built a monastery dedicated to Saint Vincent. King Fruela I (757-768) confirmed the foundation and also built a palace and a cathedral dedicated to Saint Saviour.

King Alfonso II the Chaste (791-842) moved the capital of the kingdom of Asturias to **Oviedo** in 791. He enlarged the city with a new cathedral, palaces, churches and city walls. Examples of these buildings which are still existing are: San Julián de los Prados, (*St Julian in the fields*), also called *Santullano*, the head of the church dedicated to San Tirso, (*Saint Thyrsus*), and the Cámara Santa, (*Holy Chamber*) which is a chapel which belonged to the palace of the king.
During this period, it was discovered the tomb of the Apostle St James. The king sponsored and create the St James's Way to Santiago de Compostela in order to improve communications of the city and the kingdom as a way to open them to new ideas and influences from the rest of Europe. Its known that ambassadors from Charlemagne or Carles the Great visited Oviedo at the beginning of s. IX.

King Ramiro I (842-850) built the most important and brilliant buildings of the Kingdom of Asturias: Santa María del Naranco, (*St Mary of Naranco*), a hall for the king's rest, and San Miguel de Lillo, (*St Michael of Lillo*). These buildings are at the top of the Pre-Romanesque Asturian Art.

Image:Santullano.jpg|San Julián de los Prados
Image:San Tirso Oviedo1.jpg|San Tirso
Image:San Miguel de Lillo 1.JPG|San Miguel de Lillo
Image:Santa Maria del Naranco 2.JPG|Santa María del Naranco

King Alfonso III the Great (866-910), built the only civil building of this period, the water fountain La Foncalada. 

Image:Fuente_de_Foncalada_en_Oviedo.JPG|La Foncalada

King García I (910-914) moved the capital of the kingdom to León in 910. Since then, the bishops of Oviedo will take the responsibility of the development of the city and also the population and the importance of the city decreased. Even the St James's Way moved to León and **Oviedo** was left apart.

## Geography 
Oviedo is in the middle of Asturias. The city is about 232 meters high. It is near Avilés and Gijón, the other large cities in Asturias.

## Culture 
The Arts Academy of Oviedo started in the 17th century.

Each year since 1981, Oviedo hosts *Princess of Asturias/Prince of Asturias Awards*. In 2004, UNESCO said they were of "exceptional contribution to the cultural heritage of Humanity". In 2015, Wikipedia was given the International Cooperation Award.

## References
Cromwell current

The **Cromwell current** is the name of a submarine river. It was discovered in 1952 by the scientist Townsend Cromwell. It is 250 miles (400 km) wide. It flows to the east. The current appears about 300 feet below the surface of the Pacific Ocean at the equator. 

The *Cromwell current* carries a lot of oxygen and nutrients. It is very rich in marine life.
Subduction

**Subduction** is when two tectonic plates meet. One of the plates is pushed under the other into the Earth's mantle. Subduction causes the most powerful earthquakes in the world. Earthquakes caused by subduction can lead to tsunamis. 

Areas where subduction occurs are called subduction zones. Subduction zones are all around the world in places like Indonesia, Seattle, Washington and in the Himalaya mountain range in Nepal.

## References
Bovid

**Bovids** are a family of even-toed ungulate mammals. The word "Bovidae" is comes from Latin *bos*, "ox". Even-toed ungulates are said to have "cloven hooves": that means their hooves are formed from two toes. They evolved early in the Miocene period.

There 143 living species in this family. They include cattle, goats, sheep, antelopes, saolas, and okapis. The family is widespread, living in all continents except the southern continents South America, Australia and Antarctica.

They are all ruminants, with the double stomach system of digesting vegetation, which is most efficient. The family originated in the Miocene, and is now very successful. Their success is probably helped by their digestive system. The group includes the three domestic animals cows, sheep and goats. 

## Taxonomy
* Family **Bovidae**
** Subfamily Aepycerotinae (one genus: the impala)
** Subfamily Alcelaphinae (one tribe and four genera: wildebeest and relatives)
** Subfamily Antilopinae (three tribes and 15 genera: gazelles and relatives)
** Subfamily Bovinae (three tribes and ten genera: cattle, bisons etc.)
** Subfamily Caprinae (three tribes and 13 genera: goats and sheep)
** Subfamily Cephalophinae (three genera: duikers)
** Subfamily Hippotraginae (three genera: antelopes)
** Subfamily Panthelopinae (the Tibetan antelope)
** Subfamily Peleinae (the grey rhebok)
** Subfamily Reduncinae (two genera: more antelopes)

## References
Stork

**Storks** are a family of birds (***Ciconiidae***). They usually live near shallow bodies of water where they wade through the water, and catch small animals, like frogs, crabs, or small fish. Many species of stork are migratory, they spend the summer and the winter in different places. There are 19 different species of stork, in six genera. The marabou stork is the largest species of stork. The Abdim's stork is the smallest species of stork

Probably the best known stork is the white stork. It is known to build large nests in high places. Stork nests are often very large. They may be used for many years. Beforehand, people believed storks were monogamous, that they only had one partner in life. More recent research has shown  that they may change partners. They are attached to a nest almost as much as to a partner.

The marabou stork, which lives in Africa, has a wingspan of up to 320&nbsp;cm. This makes it the largest bird still alive, together with the Andean condor.

## Species
There are nineteen species of stork. They include:
* Abdim's stork
* African openbill
* Asian openbill
* Asian woollyneck
* Black stork
* Black-backed stork
* Greater adjutant
* Jabiru
* Lesser adjutant
* Maguari stork
* Marabou stork
* Milky stork
* Oriental stork
* Painted stork
* Saddle-billed stork
* Storm's stork
* White stork
* Wood stork
* Yellow-billed stork

## In fiction 
The stork has many legends (stories) about it, as in the Ancient Greek storyteller's Aesop's (6th century BC) *The Farmer and the Stork* and *The Fox and the Stork*. The first fable (short story) begins with a farmer plowing his fields, planting his seeds and spreading his nets. These nets caught a few cranes who hopped behind him eating the seed. Along with the cranes in his net the farmer discovered a stork with a broken leg. The stork begged the farmer to spare his life, saying that he was not a crane, but a stork. He pointed to his feathers and told the farmer that they didn’t resemble a crane’s feathers at all. The farmer laughed at the stork and said, “I have taken you with these robbers (thieves), the cranes, and you must die in their company.” Another common legend is that storks deliver babies  instead of the mothers giving birth.

## Images

Image:Ciconia nigra 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|Black stork (C. nigra)
Image:MarabouStorkWing.jpg|Marabou stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus)
Image:Mycteria_leucocephala_at_Sungei_Buloh.jpg|Glossy Ibis
Engineered languages

An **Engineered language** is a constructed language used to help experiment in logic, philosophy, and linguistics.

There are three types of Engineered language: 
**Philosophical languages* are made to follow philosophical principles. They are often oligosynthetic, an more extreme kind of polysynthesis. This means that they make all their words from only a few really simple words. aUI is a famous philosophical language.
**Logical languages* are made to be unambiguous. Lojban is a famous logical language.
**Experimental languages* are made for test hypotheses in linguistics. They are usually made to test the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Toki Pona, Lojban, and Láadan are famous experimental languages.
Constructed language

An **artificial** or **constructed language** (sometimes called a **conlang**) is a language that has been made by a person or small group, instead of being formed naturally as part of a culture. Some constructed languages are designed for use in human communication (like the common Esperanto). Others are created for use in fiction, linguistic experiments, secret codes, or simply because the maker likes to play language games.

## Categories 
Constructed languages can be split into groups by purpose. These groups are:
* **Engineered languages** (*engelangs*), which are split into philosophical languages and logical languages (loglangs) - designed for experiments in logic or philosophy 
* **Auxiliary languages** (*auxlangs*) - designed to be a lingua franca (common language between people with different native languages) for international communication (also called International Auxiliary Language, (IAL)) 
* **Artistic languages** (*artlangs*) - designed to look or sound pretty, to make a fictional world more believable, or just for fun.
Constructed languages can also be split into *a priori languages*, which are made from scratch, and *a posteriori languages*, which borrow words and grammar from existing languages.

Some constructed languages also have constructed scripts to write them.

## Some examples of constructed languages 
*Atlantean
*Basic English
* Brithenig
* Dothraki
* Dutton's Speedwords
* Esperantido
* Esperanto
* Folkspraak
* Glosa
* Ido
* Interlingua
* Interlingue (in the past: Occidental)
* Interslavic
* Ithkuil
* Klingon
* Láadan
* Latino moderne
* Lingwa de planeta
* Lojban
* Middle-earth languages (Quenya, Sindarin)
* Na'vi language
* Newspeak
* Talossan
* Toki Pona
* Volapük
* Wenedyk

## Other websites 
* ENIONI Site dedicated to some constructed languages, mainly **E**speranto, Idiom **N**eutral, **I**do, **O**ccidental/Interlingue, **N**ovial, and **I**nterlingua. It contains the magazines Posta Mundi, Vok Neutral, and IE Munde.
* The Language Construction Kit 
* LingoJam - a tool for creating conlang translators
Graphical user interfaces and consoles

Computers can display information and let the user give commands to it using two methods: a command line interface (CLI) or a **graphical user interface** (GUI).

In a command line interface, the user types commands using the keyboard to tell the computer to take an action. For example, the **more** command available in most operating systems will display the contents of a file.

In many graphical user interfaces, the user can use the computer mouse to click on buttons. For example, one's web browser may have a **Print** icon to print this page. Some use a touch screen or other method.

Graphical user interfaces are generally thought more easy to use than command lines. Command lines are faster than graphical user interfaces and can be used to give special commands to the computer.

List of operating systems with graphical user interfaces and command-line interfaces:

*Microsoft Windows
*Mac OS
*Linux

File:Bash screenshot.png|A console command line interface.
File:Xman-main-interface.png|A graphical user interface.
File:KDE 4.2 desktop.png|A bigger piece of a graphical user interface
File:Fdedit.png|A text-based interface which is sometimes called a console interface. However, it is not a command line interface. Sometimes it is called a graphical UI, but sometimes not.
Orchestration

**Orchestration** in music can have two meanings:

# It can mean: the study of how to write music for an orchestra.
# It can also mean the list of instruments that are used in a particular piece of music.

People who want to compose music for orchestras need to study orchestration.  They can do this by reading books about orchestration, but also they can do this by studying orchestral scores and listening to orchestras in concerts or on CDs.  Students at music colleges will also practise orchestration by taking piano music and arranging it for orchestra.

The word **instrumentation** means almost the same thing as “orchestration”.  “Instrumentation” means: understanding each instrument and knowing about all the sounds they can make.  It can be about any music with instruments, whereas “orchestration” refers to the orchestra from its beginnings in the 17th century to the present.

Orchestration is all about understanding how to write well for different instruments, how to combine them so that they sound well together and balance well.

Sometimes composers leave the orchestration of their works to other people.  Leonard Bernstein is famous as the composer of *West Side Story*, but although he composed all the notes he left it to other people to orchestrate.  The composer Maurice Ravel took a piano piece called *Pictures at an Exhibition* by Modest Mussorgsky (who had died forty years earlier). He arranged it for orchestra.  Most people know this version rather than Mussorgsky’s piano version.

Hector Berlioz and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov are two famous composers who were particularly brilliant at writing for orchestra.  They both wrote books on orchestration which are still very useful today.
Ameridelphia

The **Ameridelphia** is a superorder of marsupial mammals only found in South America. It consists of two orders:

***Ameridelphia** 
**Order Didelphimorphia
**Order Paucituberculata
Blockbusters

***Blockbusters*** is an American game show that aired on NBC from October 27, 1980 to May 1, 1987.

## How to play 
One team of two people plays against a solo person to see if two heads are better than one.  The team is represented by the color white while the solo player is represented by the color red. There is a game board with letters inside spaces shaped like a hexagon.  A player picks a letter on the board, and host Bill Cullen asks a question to see how much the players know.  Whoever rings in first and gets the answer right gets their color put on the board in the space where the corresponding letter once was.  If the team makes a connection from left to right, they win.  If the solo player makes a connection from top to bottom, he/she wins.

### Gold Rush 
Whoever wins after two games goes on to play the "Gold Rush" for a shot at an extra $5,000.  The board is the same, except that the spaces are colored gold, and sometimes more than one letter is seen in each space.  The object of the game is to make a connection across the board within the 60 second time limit.  If they do, they win the $5,000.  If they miss a question, a block will go up and they will have to work their way around it.

## Different versions 
*Blockbusters* aired on the NBC network and was hosted by Bill Cullen from 1980 to 1982. Then in 1987, comedian Bill Rafferty hosted a new version, which ended the same year. It featured two solo players instead of a team of two people and a solo player.
Water deer

]]

The **water deer** (*Hydropotes inermis*) is an even-toed ungulate mammal of the deer family. It is the only member of the subfamily Hydropotinae. There are two subspecies: the **Chinese water deer** (*Hydropotes inermis inermis*) and the **Korean water deer** (*Hydropotes inermis argyropus*).

## Appearance 
Water deer are small deer: they are about 90 cm long and about 50&nbsp;cm high. They weigh about 13 kg. The water deer has yellowish-brown fur, with a white chin and throat. Both males and females do not have antlers. Males have long upper canine teeth (called tusks), which can be up to 5&nbsp;cm long.

## Habitat 
The water deer originally lived in China and Korea. Today there are also small wild populations in England and France. Water deer live close to water: in swamps and on the shores of rivers and lakes. 

## Life 
Water deer eat grasses and reeds. They also eat grains and vegetables from fields.

Water deer live alone, but sometimes they form small groups. 

After a pregnancy of 200 days the female gives birth to 2-4 babies. A water deer baby has white dots and stripes on its fur, which disappear after 8 weeks. They drink milk for 3 months. When the young water deer are 6 months old they are independent and leave their mothers. They become mature when they are 1 year old.
RCTV

**Radio Caracas Television** (or **RCTV**) is one of the largest and most important television stations in Venezuela. It can be seen in all of Venezuela on channel 2. It was the third television station to start up in Venezuela (Televisiora Nacional was the first and Televisa was the second). Both Televisora Nacional and Televisa are no longer on, so RCTV is now the oldest television station in Venezuela. Venevision is RCTV's main rival. RCTV's offices can be found in the center of Caracas.

## History
Radio Caracas Television began on November 15, 1953 (during the dictatorship of General Marcos Perez Jimenez). In 1953, plays, news, and sports were pretty much the only thing seen on RCTV, but by 1954, they began making soap operas (also known as telenovelas). Telenovelas are now RCTV's most liked and seen programs.

In the 1960s, RCTV began videotaping their programs, as they used to be made live. In 1961, there was small fire at RCTV. On July 21, 1969, RCTV was on of the only television station in Venezuela that showed the first visit to the moon by man.

In 1972, RCTV began selling some of its shows to other countries and television stations. The three hundred chaptered telenovela, "La Usurpadora" was the first telenovela to be sold to other countries. Today, RCTV's shows are said to be seen in more than 60 countries and heard in more than 20 languages. In 1974, RCTV began recording some of their programs in color. "Doña Barbara", which was made from a book written by Romulo Gallegos, was RCTV's first show made in color. Radio Caracas Television started the "Fundacion Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Artes de Cine" on November 15, 1978.

In the year 1981, RCTV began recording all of their programs in color.

On November 15, 1999, RCTV had been on 16,000 days.

On July 18, 2005, Empresas 1BC president Marcel Granier and RCTV president Eladio Larez opened up the new building where RCTV's news show, "El Observador", will be made.

## Problems
President Hugo Chávez closed RCTV because of reports that they tried to take down his government.

## Facts
* The host of "¿Quien Quiere Ser Millonario?" ("Who Wants to be a Millionaire?" in Venezuela) is Eladio Larez, who is also the president of RCTV.
* RCTV used to be seen on channel 7 (though in a few places, it can still be seen on that channel).

## Other websites 
* RCTV
Gibibyte

The **gibibyte** (symbol: **GiB**) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. One gibibyte holds 1024 mebibytes (MiB). Some people call this number of bytes the gigabyte. This would be considered the binary equivalent to the base-10 gigabyte, which consists of exactly one billion bytes.

The gibibyte is equivalent to 230 bytes (1 073 741 824 bytes) while the gigabyte is 109 bytes (1,000,000,000 or a billion bytes).

1024 gibibytes make one tebibyte.

## Related pages 
* Kibibyte
* Mebibyte
* Tebibyte
* Pebibyte
Return to Castle Wolfenstein

***Return to Castle Wolfenstein*** is a first person shooter video game developed by id Software and published by Activision for computers, PlayStation 2 and Xbox.

## Other websites
* *Return to Castle Wolfenstein* Official Site
* Planet Wolfenstein
* *Wolfstuff* Return to Castle Wolfenstein Resources 
* GameFAQs Enemy Territory
* RTCW and ET Community Site 
* gamegate2k 
* RTCW.co.uk 
* 
* Return to Castle Wolfenstein at MobyGames
* Bosskey.net - Return to Castle Wolfenstein
Ssirum

**Ssirûm**, or **Korean wrestling**, is a very old sport. It is shown in pictures that are painted on walls in the ancient graves in Korea. 

This kind of wrestling was formed in Korea. It took place on days of "public enjoyment" that were created by custom.  Similar to Sumo. the man who stays on his feet until the end was the winner. He was given the title *changsa* ("the athlete" or "the strong man"). He was also given an ox. 

As Korea grew industrially, this type of wrestling has become a real sport. It has support in the form of the teams of professional athletes coming from colleges and universities. There are also organizations for the national Championship Ssirum Changsa. There are competitions in the country. 

Two fighters fight on the sand inside a circle. They each put on "satpa" - a piece of cloth that ties around the waist and thighs. Using their hands, legs backs, they try to make the other person fall. 

Most wrestlers are  in height and   in weight. The fights can seem slow at first they are actually very dynamic. 

Li Man-ki is one of the most well known sportsmen in this sport. In the 1980s, he won the title *changsa* (*jangsa*) many times. He has caused much of the interest of this sport. 
## Other websites 
*Korea Ssireum Research Institute (en)
Babes in Toyland (1961 movie)

***Babes in Toyland*** is an 1961 Disney musical movie. It starred Tommy Sands as Tom Piper and Annette Funicello as Mary Contrary. The characters in the movie are taken from Mother Goose nursery rhymes.

## Plot
Tom the Piper's Son is about to marry Mary Quite Contrary. On the night before of their wedding, evil Barnaby hires two men, Gonzorgo and Roderigo, to drown Tom and take Mary's sheep. The sheep are being taken care of by Little Bo Peep. This will make life very hard for Mary and the children she lives with. It will make her have to marry Barnaby.

Tom and the sheep are taken by Gonzorgo and Roderigo, but they sell Tom to gypsies instead of killing him. Tom  escapes from the gypsies and goes with Mary, Bo-Peep, and other Mother Goose characters to Toyland.

## Sources 
## Other websites 
*
Universal suffrage

**Universal suffrage** means that every citizen above the age of 18 is allowed to vote. Most countries have universal suffrage, but some do not. In some countries people had to fight to get it. In other countries, it was granted after demonstrations in the main cities. They thought it was important to have it because they wanted to choose who ruled over them. 

## Related pages
*Civil rights
*Civil and political rights
*Women's suffrage
Airship

An **Airship** is kind of lighter-than-air aircraft.  It floats in the sky and need not move to stay up.  That is because it is filled with a lifting gas that is more lightweight than air.  This is different from aeroplanes that stay up in the sky by moving. An airship floats like a balloon. But an airship is different from a balloon. An airship has an engine for power and a way to control its direction of movement. A balloon does not have an engine or a way to control its direction of movement.

## Kinds of airships 
There are three kinds of airships. The difference is the amount of structure in the airship.

*Rigid airships - Rigid airships have frames within the envelope to maintain their form.  The biggest airships were rigid airships, made in the 1920s and 1930s.  Big rigid airships were also called *dirigibles*.

*Semi-rigid airships - Semi-rigid airships have small structures in them.  There are only a few semi-rigid airships.

*Non-rigid airships - Non-rigid airships have no structures in them.  Non-rigid airships are also called blimps.  Most airships are non-rigid airships.

## Blimps 
Blimps were used by the United States in WWII to fight against submarines. Blimps are now used mostly for advertising and sometimes for looking down, for example at sport stadiums and tourist attractions.

## The *Hindenburg* 
The most famous airship was the *Hindenburg*. The *Hindenburg* was a rigid airship made by the Zeppelin airship company.  It burned when it was landing on May 6, 1937. There were 97 people on the airship when the fire started. The fire killed 35 of these people and one person on the ground.
Streaming Soundtracks

**Streaming Soundtracks** is a radio station that is found on the internet. It plays mostly theme music from movies and television shows, but also plays music from video games. It has a website to talk with other listeners.

## Other websites 
* Streaming Soundtracks website
Étude

An **étude** (said "ay-TOOD"; French for study) is a short piece of music written to help the player to become a better player. They are usually quite difficult. Sometimes they are just called "studies". Composers such as the pianist Carl Czerny and the violinist Otakar Ševčik wrote lots of études.  Each one concentrates on a technical problem: fast scale passages, arpeggios, wide leaps, chords or, for string players, different ways of bowing.

The tradition of writing études started in the early 19th century, when the piano started to become popular. Many of the études from that time are still very popular today, including those by Muzio Clementi.

Frédéric Chopin wrote two sets of études for piano. Franz Liszt also wrote some very difficult études, including the piece known as *La Campanella*. These two composers' études are known for being not only good for developing piano technique but are also beautiful to hear. Because of this, they are often performed in concerts and recorded onto CDs.
Nocturne

A **nocturne** is a form of music, usually for piano, which suggests the night (“nocturnal” means “of the night”). The Italian term *Notturno* has appeared in 18th-century music, but the Irish composer John Field was the first person to use the name *Nocturne* for his music. He was inspired by the slow, gentle tunes of Italian operas of his time (early 19th century). His nocturnes are mostly tunes with many long notes in the right hand over. Frédéric Chopin expanded the form.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Nocturnes (Debussy)
*Serenade
Bruce Dickinson

**Bruce Dickinson** (born 7 August 1958) is an English heavy metal singer. He is the singer in the band Iron Maiden. 

## Biography
Dickinson was born on 7 August 1958 in Worksop, Nottinghamshire. He was born as Paul Dickinson, but changed his first name to Bruce.  As a teenager, he lived in Sheffield. This was where he started to listen to heavy metal music.  He sang in local bands during this time, after trying to play the drums.

In the early 1980s, Dickinson was part of the band Samson. He left Samson in 1981. Later that year, after Paul Di'Anno left Iron Maiden, Dickinson was chosen to be the band's new singer. During the 1980s, Iron Maiden was very popular, and Dickinson's singing was a big part of this.

In 1990, Dickinson made his first  album, called *Tattooed Millionaire*.  In 1993, he left Iron Maiden to become only a solo artist.  He released five solo albums during the 1990s, but they were not as popular as his work with Iron Maiden had been.

In 1999, Dickinson joined Iron Maiden again, and soon after the band  made a new album, Brave New World. Since then, he has stayed as a part of Iron Maiden as well as recording music both by himself and with other people.

## Other interests
Outside of music, Dickinson is interested in fencing, has written both books and a script based on one of his albums for a screenplay, and has worked in the radio industry.

He is also a pilot for Astraeus Airlines, and became marketing director for the airline in September 2010.
Queensland

**Queensland** is a state in eastern Australia. It is the second largest state by area and the third largest state by population. In 2006 there were 3,904,532 people living in Queensland.
	
It occupies the north-east corner of Australia. The state has the Northern Territory to the west, South Australia to the south-west and New South Wales to the south. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. The capital city is Brisbane.

The area was first settled by Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, who arrived between 40,000 and 65,000 years ago. Later, Queensland was made a British Crown Colony that was separated from New South Wales in 1859. The area that currently forms Brisbane was originally the Moreton Bay punishment colony, intended as a place for criminals with a repeated offence history who had offended while serving out their sentences in New South Wales. The state later encouraged free settlement, and today Queensland's economy is dominated by the agricultural, tourist and natural resource sectors.

The population is concentrated in the south-east corner, which includes the capital Brisbane, Ipswich, Logan City, and the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast. Other major regional centres are in North Queensland and they are Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, Rockhampton, Bundaberg, Toowoomba, and Mount Isa. Queensland is often nicknamed the Sunshine State, since it enjoys warm weather and a sizable portion of the state is in the tropics.

## Emblems of Queensland
* The floral emblem of Queensland is the Cooktown Orchid, *Dendrobium phalaenopsis*, which was chosen in 1959 for the centenary of the beginning of the state of Queensland.
* The fauna emblem of Queensland is the Koala, *Phascolarctos cinereus*. It was chosen in 1971.
* The bird emblem of Queensland is the Brolga, *Grus rubicunda*. It is the only one of the 17 species of crane that come from Queensland. It has been on the Queensland Coat of Arms since 1977, and became the bird emblem in 1986.
* The aquatic emblem is the Anemone Fish, Amphiprion akindynos. It was chosen in 2005.
* The state's official gem is the sapphire, which was first found in Queensland in 1870.

File:Cooktown orchids and bud.jpg|Cooktown orchid
File:Friendly Female Koala.JPG| Koala
File:Brolga-1-Healesville,-Vic,-3.1.2008 edit2.jpg| Brolga
File:Amphiprion akindynos.jpg|Anemone Fish
File:Geschliffener blauer Saphir.jpg| Sapphire

## References
## Other websites 
* Postcode Tool - Queensland
Vytorin

**Vytorin** is a clinical drug made up of chemicals called ezetimibe (right image) and simvastatin (Left image) to help people with diseases that change the amount of fats in the blood.

## Other websites
*http://www.vytorin.com/vytorin/shared/documents/vytorin_pi.pdf 
* http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2008/09/02/new-england-journal-of-medicine-vytorin-cancer-link-uncertain/
* http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/NEJMsa0806603v1
Ridley Scott

**Sir Ridley Scott** (born 30 November 1937) is an English movie director and producer.

He also directed an important and expensive television commercial for Apple Computer called "1984".

## Other websites 
*
Motörhead

**Motörhead** was an English rock band. The band was started in 1975 by bassist, singer and songwriter Ian Fraser “Lemmy” Kilmister*.* They are thought to be one of the bands that started the new wave of British heavy metal in the late 1970s. The word motorhead is a name for someone who likes cars, but in British slang it’s a name for a meth addict/speed freak.

Motörhead played heavy metal music very fast. This was different from how other bands played it at the time. Many listeners call them the first speed metal or thrash metal band. Motörhead are a main influence on other bands that play those styles. Lemmy did not like his band being called anything other than just a rock and roll band. Fans of punk music and metal music liked Motörhead. Their songs have words about war, drug abuse, and sex. They also sing about gambling in their most popular song, "Ace of Spades".

The band broke up in 2015 when Lemmy died of cancer on December 28, only four days after his 70th birthday.

The band was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020.

## Discography 
### Albums 
* 1977 - *Motörhead*
* 1979 - *Overkill*
* 1979 - *Bomber*
* 1979 - *On Parole*
* 1980 - *Ace of Spades*
* 1981 - ''No Sleep 'til Hammersmith*
* 1982 - *Iron Fist*
* 1983 - *Another Perfect Day*
* 1985 - *No Remorse*
* 1986 - *Orgasmatron*
* 1987 - *Rock 'n' Roll*
* 1988 - *No Sleep at All*
* 1991 - *1916*
* 1992 - *March or Die*
* 1993 - *Bastards*
* 1995 - *Sacrifice*
* 1996 - *Overnight Sensation*
* 1998 - *Snake Bite Love*
* 1999 - *Everything Louder Than Everyone Else*
* 2000 - *We Are Motörhead*
* 2002 - *Hammered*
* 2003 - *Live at Brixton Academy*
* 2004 - *Inferno*
* 2006 - *Kiss of Death*
* 2008 - *Motörizer*
* 2010 - *The Wörld Is Yours*
* 2013 - *Aftershock*
* 2015 - *Bad Magic''

## Notes
Celebrity (disambiguation)

**Celebrity** can mean:

* Celebrity, a person who is widely recognized (famous) in a society
* *Celebrity* (album), 2001 album by 'N Sync
* *Celebrity* (movie), 1998 movie by Woody Allen
* Celebrity (game), a party game
* Celebrity Cruises, a cruise line
* *Celebrity* (magazine), published by Scientology
Delta Air Lines

**Delta Air Lines, Inc.** is a large airline from the United States. They are headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Their largest hub is also in Atlanta. Delta's first flight was in 1929. In 1972, Delta merged with Northeast Airlines. In 1987, Delta merged with Western Airlines. 
 In 2000, Delta became one of the founding members of SkyTeam alongside Aeroméxico, Air France and Korean Air.
In 2008, they merged with Northwest Airlines. Until 2013, Delta was the world's largest airline. As of February 2024, the airline goes to 325 cities and has 987 planes. In 2018, they retired their largest aircraft, the Boeing 747, and replaced it with other planes such as the Airbus A350. They have some subsidiaries that own regional jets, like the E175.

## Gallery 

File:Douglas DC-8-51, Delta Air Lines JP5883124.jpg|A Delta DC-8 in the first "widget" livery. Circa-1967
File:Delta B763 N194DN.jpg|A Delta Boeing 767-300 in the "soft widget" livery
File:N375NC (3324503865).jpg|A Delta A320 in the current livery at Las Vegas
File:Boeing 747-400 (Delta Air Lines) at Kansai (8147605248).jpg|As Delta's largest plane, which was retired in 2018, this 747 taxis to the runway.

## References 
## Other websites 
* http://www.delta.com
Syd Barrett

**Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett** (6 January 1946 – 7 July 2006) was an English musician. Barrett is most famous for founding the rock band Pink Floyd. He started the band in 1965 under several different names and wrote the band's first album, *The Piper at the Gates of Dawn*. During this time he experimented with psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs and eventually exited the band in 1968. Following his departure from Pink Floyd, he released two records, *The Madcap Laughs* and *Barrett*, to little commercial success, due to the unusual lyrics and unsteady beats. He later suffered from mental health issues, possibly related to his history of drug use. Some of his most successful solo songs are "Dark Globe" and "Octopus".

Barrett was born in Cambridge and died there, of pancreatic cancer and type 2 diabetes 

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website

https://www.deviantart.com/syddygurl/art/Sydger-Nuptuals-450319403
Neckar

The **Neckar** (Swabian: *Negger*) is a 367 km long river in the South-West of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Rising in the Black Forest, it flows through a steep valley in the Odenwald hills and passes through the cities of Tübingen (University), Nürtingen, Esslingen, Stuttgart (capitol of Baden-Württemberg, and Heidelberg (University). In Mannheim the Neckar joins the river Rhine.

## Related pages 
*1223 Neckar
Radolfzell

**Radolfzell** at the Bodensee is northwest a city on the west bank of Bodensee of about 18&nbsp;km from Konstanz. It is after Konstanz and Singen (Hohentwiel) the third biggest city of the district Konstanz. Since 1 January 1975 Radolfzell is large district town.

## Neighbour cities 
Following cities and municipalities border on the city Radolfzell at the Bodensee. They are called in the clockwise direction beginning in the southwest: Moos (at the Bodensee), Singen (Hohentwiel), Steißlingen, Orsingen, Nenzingen(all district Konstanz).

## Other websites 
*