Bob Dole

**Robert Joseph Dole** (July 22, 1923 – December 5, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer. Dole was the United States Senator from Kansas between 1969 and 1996. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was the Republican Leader of the United States Senate from 1985 until 1996. Before Dole's Senate career, he was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969. Dole was the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1976 election and for President in the 1996 election.

Dole was born and raised in Russell, Kansas, where he began with a career in law. Dole was in the United States Army during World War II. He was the Russell County Attorney for a short time until he won election to the House of Representatives in 1960. In 1968, Dole was elected to the Senate. He was chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1971 to 1973, and chairman of the Senate Finance Committee from 1981 to 1985. Dole was the Senate Majority Leader from 1985 to 1987 and from 1995 to 1996. 

President Gerald Ford chose Dole as his running mate in the 1976 election after Vice President Nelson Rockefeller did not want to be Ford's vice president. Ford lost the election to Democrat Jimmy Carter in the general election. Dole ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 1980 but quickly dropped out of the race. Dole ran again for the nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries but lost to Vice President George H. W. Bush. He won the Republican nomination in 1996, however lost in the general election to President Bill Clinton. Dole resigned from the Senate during the 1996 campaign and did not run for public office again after the election.

After retiring from the Senate, Dole appeared in commercials and television programs. In 2012, he wanted the Senate to pass the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which did not happen. Dole was a member of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. He also worked for the law firm Alston & Bird. He lived in Russell during his political career.

Dole graduated from Russell High School in the spring of 1941. Bob Dole went to the University of Kansas. In 1942 he was a teammate of future Tennessee Titans owner Bud Adams. While in college, he joined Kappa Sigma.

Dole left college and joined the United States Army during World War II in 1942. In April 1945, while in combat near Castel d'Aiano southwest of Bologna, Italy, Dole was seriously wounded by Nazis. He was injured because he tried to help a radioman.

Dole later went to the University of Arizona from 1948 to 1949, before transferring to Washburn University.

## Early political career
Dole ran for office for the first time in 1950, In 1952, he became the County Attorney of Russell County. In 1960, Dole was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Kansas' 6th congressional district. After his first term, Kansas lost a congressional district. He also voted for the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

## U.S. Senate, 1969–1996 
In 1968, Dole won the United States Senate election against former Kansas Governor William H. Avery.

While in the Senate, Dole was a strong supporter of the Vietnam War. He was chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1971 until 1973. He was also on the Agriculture Committee from 1975 until 1978. He was the chairman of the Finance Committee from 1981 until 1985. In November 1984, Dole was elected Senate Majority leader, beating Ted Stevens by 28 to 25 votes.

In 1976, Dole was the Republican vice presidential nominee after being picked by President Gerald Ford.

Over his time in the Senate, Dole was seen by some as having a moderate voting record. During the 1970s, he worked with Senator McGovern to help pass a law making food stamps easier to get. In 1982, *The New York Times* saw that Dole changed from being a strict conservative to a moderate Republican.

From 1992 to 1996, Dole had an important role in getting support for Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Senate.

The Republicans won both the Senate and House of Representatives in 1994 and Dole became Senate Majority Leader for the second time.

In October 1995, Dole and Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich led the Republican-controlled Congress to pass a spending bill. The next month, Republican and Democratic leaders, including Vice President Al Gore, Dick Armey, and Dole, met to try to fix the budget and were unable to reach an agreement. By January 1996, Dole was more open to talk about ending the shutdown, but was not supported by other Republicans who wanted the shutdown to continue.

In a January 1996 address, during the shutdown, President Bill Clinton said that Dole was a good lawmaker for "working together in good faith" to reopen the government.

In June 1996, Dole resigned from the Senate to focus on his presidential campaign because he was the Republican Party's presidential nominee for the 1996 election. Dole ended his campaign after the New Hampshire primary and officially left the race on March 15, 1980.

Dole announced his second campaign in 1988 on November 9, 1987. Dole started out strongly by beating Vice President George H. W. Bush in the Iowa caucus.

However, Bush beat Dole in the New Hampshire primary a week later. During the New Hampshire primaries, Dole lost his temper in a television interview with Tom Brokaw and said that Bush should "stop lying about my record".

Dole lost to Bush again in South Carolina in early March.

### 1996 presidential campaign
 at the first presidential debate in October 1996]]
On April 10, 1995, Dole announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for president, in his third campaign for the presidency. Dole was the early front-runner for the nomination. At least eight candidates ran for the nomination, such as the more conservative Senator Phil Gramm of Texas and more moderate Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania.

Dole eventually won the nomination in May after winning all the Midwestern primaries. If elected, he would have been the oldest president to take office at the time. On June 11, 1996, Dole resigned from the Senate to focus on the campaign.
 electoral results by state.

]]
Dole promised to lower income tax rates by 15%. He made former Congressman and supply side supporter Jack Kemp his running mate for vice president. Clinton said Dole was similar to the House Speaker, Newt Gingrich. Dole's tax-cut plan was attacked by the White House.

Some people were worried about Dole's age.

At the end of October 1996, Dole and his advisers knew that they would lose the election, but in the last four days of the campaign they went on the "96-hour victory tour" to help Republican Congressional candidates.

Dole lost to President Clinton, with a 379–159 Electoral College landslide. Many believe that the strong economy during Clinton's first term helped the president win a second term.

## Retirement
 with President George W. Bush in April 2005]]
After the 1996 election, Dole began to focus on writing, being a lawyer, public speaking, and television appearances. He became a television commercial spokesman for Viagra, Visa, Dunkin' Donuts and Pepsi-Cola. He was also a political commentator on the interview program *Larry King Live*. He was a guest many times on Comedy Central's *The Daily Show with Jon Stewart*. Dole was a commentator with Bill Clinton on CBS's *60 Minutes* for a short time. He was on *Saturday Night Live* making fun of himself.

From 1998 to 2002, Dole was in charge of the Federal City Council in Washington, D.C. Dole later joined the Washington, D.C. firm Verner, Liipfert, Bernhard, McPherson and Hand, where he became a lobbyist. Dole joined the Washington, D.C. law and lobbying firm Alston & Bird LLP.

In 2007, President George W. Bush picked Dole and Donna Shalala as co-chairs of the commission to investigate problems at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Also in 2007, Dole joined former Senate majority leaders Howard Baker, Tom Daschle, and George Mitchell to create the Bipartisan Policy Center for bipartisan support.

On December 4, 2012, Dole spoke in the Senate to support ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, Republicans rejected the bill.

### Trump presidency
 Mike Pence at the 2016 Republican National Convention]]
In 2015, Dole supported former Florida governor Jeb Bush in his presidential campaign. During the campaign, Dole criticized Texas senator Ted Cruz, saying he would not win an election. Dole later supported Donald Trump after Trump won the Republican nomination. He was the only former Republican presidential nominee to go to the 2016 Republican National Convention.

Former Dole advisers, including Paul Manafort, played a major role in Trump's presidential campaign.

Dole was worried that the Commission on Presidential Debates were biased against President Trump and his reelection campaign. After Trump lost the election, Trump made false claims about voter fraud. Dole and Holden divorced January 11, 1972. Dole met his second wife, Elizabeth, in 1972. The couple were married in 1975 and had no children. He was known for speaking to himself in the third person.

### Health and death
 honoring Dole as his casket lies in state at the United States Capitol, December 2021]]
After prostate surgery, Dole had erectile dysfunction and made a public service announcement speaking up about it. In 2001, Dole, at age 77, was treated for an aortic aneurysm.

In January 2005, Dole had bleeding inside his head. Dole spent 40 days at Walter Reed Army Medical Center and the bleeding left him with mobility problems. He spent ten months at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, recovering from the surgery. In January 2011, however, Dole was hospitalized again to Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
On September 13, 2017, Dole was hospitalized at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center for low blood pressure. He stayed for 24 hours before returning home.

In February 2021, Dole announced that he had stage IV lung cancer. In July 2021, he began getting immunotherapy, instead of chemotherapy because of its negative effects on his body. Dole died from the disease in his sleep on the morning of December 5, 2021 at his home in Washington, D.C. at the age of 98.

After his death, many politicians honored Dole. President Joe Biden ordered flags be flown at half-staff until December 11. Former presidents Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump paid tribute to Dole. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.

## Awards and honors
 in January 2018]]
In 1989, Dole was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Ronald Reagan. In 1997, he was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton for his service in the military and his political career.

In 1997, Dole received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official.

For his lobbying work during and after the Kosovo War, Albanian President Bujar Nishani awarded Dole Albania's highest civilian honor, the National Flag Order medal in 2017.

On January 17, 2018, Dole was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his service to the nation as a "soldier, legislator and statesman".

## More readings
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* Immelman, Aubrey. "The political personalities of 1996 U.S. presidential candidates Bill Clinton and Bob Dole." *Leadership Quarterly* 9.3 (1998): 335-366. online
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## References
## Other websites
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* Bob Dole's remarks at the dedication of the Dole Institute of Politics at the University of Kansas
* Bob Dole's 1996 campaign website
* The Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics
* Bob Dole's biography on Alston & Bird's website
* CNN AllPolitics review of Bob Dole's early life
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