open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Happier Than Ever

***Happier Than Ever*** is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Billie Eilish. It was originally released from Darkroom and Interscope Records on July 30, 2021. Eilish co-wrote the album with her brother and frequent collaborator Finneas O'Connell. O'Connell also produced the album and played every instrument that was played in the album. Eilish cited the album during the COVID-19 pandemic as the biggest inspiration for the record.

The album is primarily a downtempo pop record. It has sparse, jazz-influenced, electropop arrangements set to mediative tempos, departing from the upbeat, trap-led sound of Eilish's debut album, *When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?* (2019).

The album has seven singles released in promotion of the album: "My Future", "Therefore I Am", "Your Power", "Lost Cause", "NDA", the title track, and "Male Fantasy". The first three peaked within the top 10 of the US *Billboard* Hot 100

## Tracks 
* My Future
* Therefore I Am
* Your Power
* Lost Cause
* NDA
* the title track
* Male Fantasy

## Other websites 
*https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/billie-eilish-happier-than-ever/
*https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/02/arts/music/billie-eilish-happier-than-ever-review.html
*https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/billie-eilish-happier-than-ever-1206060/
Kimani Ichung'wah

'''Anthony Kimani Ichung'wah''' is a Kenyan politician who is the current majority leader in the National Assembly of the 13th Parliament of Kenya. Ichung'wah was born in Gikambura Village with 12 children.

## References
Ahmed Musa Jibril

**Aḥmad Mūsā Jibrīl** is a Palestinian-American Salafi scholar, cleric, preacher, and imam. He combines the ideologies of Wahhabism and Qutbism, by promoting Jihadism in conflicts like the Syrian Civil War. He's an inciter who doesn't have courage to act upon what he incites. He supports Daesh.

## References
Turki al-Binali

**Turki Mubarak Abdallah Ahmed al-Binali** (3 September 1984 &#x2013; 31 May 2017) was a Bahraini Islamic scholar and senior member of ISIS. He was the head of the Office of Investigation and Studies, which dealed with religious issues and issuing religious rulings. This caused him to have great influence within the group.

## Works 
His works include:

* Sharh Nawaqidh al-Islam (explaination of the Nullifiers of Islam)

## References 
## Notes
List of Prussian monarchs

The **monarchs of Prussia** were members of the House of Hohenzollern, who was the ruler of Prussia, a powerful German state that existed from the 16th century in 1525 until it was abolished in 1918. The title was held by monarchs who led Prussia through periods of history, including wars, territorial expansion and the formation of the German Empire in 1871. The kingdom was known for its strong military and efficient government.

Prussia was a major influence in Europe, and its leaders played key roles in shaping modern Germany. The last king of Prussia was Kaiser Wilhelm II. He abdicated from the throne in 1918 after Germany's defeat in World War I and following the German Revolution. His reign ended the German Empire and the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia.

## Duchy of Prussia (1525–1701) 
## Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918) 
## Prussian throne pretenders since 1918 
* Wilhelm II (9 November 1918 – 4 June 1941)
* Wilhelm, German Crown Prince (4 June 1941 – 20 July 1951)
* Louis Ferdinand (20 July 1951 – 26 September 1994)
* George Frederick (26 September 1994 – *present*)

## References
Escaped Chasm

***Escaped Chasm*** is a free game developed by Temmie Chang, who also designed the art for the game Undertale. As a test project, it was released on April 2, 2019 for free on the website Itch.io. The game is set in an abandoned house and follows an unnamed girl whose parents never come back. Chang used the game as a way to practice using the RPG Maker MV engine.

## Gameplay and plot 
The player controls an unnamed girl who lives alone in her parents' house. Without her parents, she can freely roam the house and advance through the game by writing down events in a diary. Sleeping lets the player watch a dream and continue to the next day. On the second day, the unnamed girl meets a man with a demonic look named Zera, who warns her that the house is slowly falling into chaos. As time continues, the house falls apart. Zera tells the girl that her parents are gone and offers the opportunity to save them by taking the girl to another world. Despite knowing she will lose memories of her parents, the girl accepts Zera’s offer.

## Development and release 
*Escaped Chasm* was Chang's first attempt at using the RPG Maker MV engine. Her first goal was to build a story-line and practice game development to make better projects in the future.

## Reception 
People liked *Escaped Chasm* for its animation, visuals, music, and themes. Fraser Brown of *PC Gamer* called the game "short but striking" and noted the graphics as "lonely and often unsettling". *Rock Paper Shotgun* Dominic Tarason called it as heartfelt and liked the odd mixture of red and blue color schemes in one of the game's cutscenes. Tarason said that it made the story feel "too real and harsh" and didn't go well with the game's pixel art.

## References 
## Other websites 
* on Itch.io
Ford Mustang Mach-E

The **Ford Mustang Mach-E (CX727)** is a electric vehicle, produced by Ford.

## Overview 
During development, Ford wanted to call it Ford Mach 1, but renamed it to Mustang Mach-E. 

The Mach-E has buttons that open the doors instead of door handles. Smartphone or keypad on the B-pillar can be used as a key.  

Mach-E uses the Global Electrified 1 (GE1) platform, which is a rework of the C2 platform used on the Focus and Kuga/Escape.

The interior has a vertical 15.5-inch display with Ford's Sync 4 operating system.

## Specifications 
## References
Jack Staller

**Jack Staller**, also working under the pseudonyms **Jack** and **Kai Lestar**, (1942 – 9 November 2024) was a Dutch designer, comics artist, painter and writer.

## Biography
Staller was born in Leiden in 1942. Working in the advertising, Staller drew awarded advertising campaigns for several big companies. He also drew several film posters and political cartoons.

During the 1980s, he drew the comic strip series "Dafne" for the girls' magazine * Tina, based on a script by Frits van der Heide. They also created together the series *De Tiende Planeet* for *Eppo Wordt Vervolgd*. Staller created during the late 1980s *Dakota Dolly* that was published in a comic magazine. Twenty years later, in 2008, it was released as an album in five short stories. Between 2001 and 2003 he drew and wrote *De Vliegende Hollander* that existed of two parts. The characters in the albus were from paintings of old Dutch painters incluiding Rembrandt and Johannes Vermeer.

He drew erotic comics under his real name his pseudonyms. He drew for the album series and magazines *Red Ears* and *Nou! Nou!, published *De Cruise* in the collection of the "Zwarte Reeks" in 1986 and published two albums of the series *Pius* (1994-1995).

Staller died in  on 9 November 2024, at the age of 82.

## References
Alfred Saunders

**Alfred Saunders** (12 June 1820 – 28 October 1905) was a New Zealand politician. He was a activist for women's rights in New Zealand.

He was born in Wiltshire in England.

## References
José de la Torre

**José Antonio de la Torre Delgado** (20 April 1987 – 5 December 2024) was a Spanish actor.

He was most known as Iván of the Netflix-series *Toy Boy*. A Spanish thriller about a stripper who tries to prove his innocence. He also played in *Amar es para siempre* (2013-2024), *Vis a vis: El Oasis* (2020) and *Servir y proteger* (2017-2023).

He revealed in June 2024 that he was suffering from a serious illness. He died in Montilla on 5 December 2024, at the age of 37.

## References
Air filter

A particulate **air filter** is a device composed of fibrous, or porous materials which removes particulates such as smoke, dust, pollen, mold, viruses and bacteria from the air. Filters containing an adsorbent or catalyst such as charcoal (carbon) may also remove odors and gaseous pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or ozone. Air filters are used in applications where air quality is important, notably in building ventilation systems and in engines.

Some buildings, as well as aircraft and other human-made environments (e.g., satellites, and Space Shuttles) use foam, pleated paper, or spun fiberglass filter elements. Another method, air ionizers, use fibers or elements with a static electric charge, which attract dust particles. The air intakes of internal combustion engines and air compressors tend to use either paper, foam, or cotton filters. Oil bath filters have fallen out of favor aside from niche uses. The technology of air intake filters of gas turbines has improved significantly in recent years, due to improvements in the aerodynamics and fluid dynamics of the air-compressor part of the gas turbines.

## Automotive cabin air filters 
The cabin air filter, also known in the United Kingdom as a pollen filter, is typically a pleated-paper filter that is placed in the outside-air intake for the vehicle's passenger compartment. These filters can be particulate filters, or they can be a combination filter with activated carbon to adsorb odors and gases. It is typically located behind the glove box, under the dashboard, or within the engine compartment. Some of these filters are rectangular and similar in shape to the engine air filter. Others are uniquely shaped to fit the available space of particular vehicles' outside-air intakes.

The first automaker to include a disposable filter to keep the ventilation system clean was the Nash Motors "Weather Eye", introduced in 1940.

A reusable heater core filter was available as an optional accessory on Studebaker models beginning in 1959, including Studebaker Lark automobiles (1959-1966), Studebaker Gran Turismo Hawk automobiles (1962-1964) and Studebaker Champ trucks (1960-1964). The filter was an aluminum frame containing an aluminum mesh and was located directly above the heater core. The filter was removed and installed from the engine compartment through a slot in the firewall. A long, thin rubber seal plugged the slot when the filter was installed. The filter could be vacuumed and washed prior to installation.

## References
Car dealership

A **car dealership** is a business that sells new or used cars. Dealers have contracts with car makers to sell their vehicles. Many dealerships also sell spare parts and provide car repair services.

## History
The first car dealership in the United States opened in 1889 by Fred Koller in Reading, Pennsylvania. Early cars were also sold directly by manufacturers or through stores and catalogs, such as Sears.

## Car dealerships today
Most car dealerships sell cars through a franchise model, where independent businesses sell cars for manufacturers. In the United States, state laws require that new cars are sold only through these licensed dealers. Tesla is an exception; it sells cars directly to customers where allowed.

Dealerships are usually located outside city centers and have space for showrooms, repair shops, and car storage. Profits often come more from car services and used car sales than from selling new cars.

## Regulations
In the U.S., dealerships have strong legal protections. For example:
* Manufacturers cannot sell cars directly to customers.
* Opening new dealerships near existing ones is limited.
* Dealers must be compensated for warranty work based on state rules.

Some economists argue these rules increase car prices for buyers while benefiting dealerships.

## Future trends
Car makers like Audi and Mercedes-Benz are using digital showrooms and modern designs to attract customers. These stores let buyers explore cars on screens and place orders online.

## References
Light The Sky

**Light the Sky** is a 2022 Qatar 2022 Fifa World Cup song featuring Manal, Nora Fatehi, Balqees Fathi and Rahma Riad produced by RedOne.

## References
Paleoart

'' by Charles R. Knight, 1897]]
**Paleoart** is a form of art that depicts prehistoric creatures according to scientific evidence.

## References
Elisabeth van den Berg

**Elisabeth van den Berg** also known as **Lijsken/Lysken Becx** (1552 – 1619) was a Dutch innkeeper of *De Wilde Man* in Helmond.

## Biography
Van den Berg was born in Helmond in c. 1552 as the daughter of Joost Janszoon van den Berg (died Helmond 1572) who worked as a city secretary (from 1547) and bailiff (from 1556) and Maria (also Margriet). She had one sister. Elisabeth van den Berg married innkeeper Jan Becx. They had at least two daughters and four sons together.

Van den Berg is addopted in *1001 Vrouwen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis*, a compilation of 1001 biographies of famous women of the Netherlands.

## References
Lacquer

**Lacquer** is a type of hard and usually shiny coating or finish applied to materials such as wood or metal. It is most often made from resin extracted from trees and waxes and has been in use since antiquity.

Asian lacquerware, which may be called "true lacquer", are objects coated with the treated, dyed and dried sap of *Toxicodendron vernicifluum* or related trees, applied in several coats to a base that is usually wood. This dries to a very hard and smooth surface layer which is durable, waterproof, and attractive in feel and look. Asian lacquer is sometimes painted with pictures, inlaid with shell and other materials, or carved, as well as dusted with gold and given other further decorative treatments.
Amaury Pasos

**Amaury Antônio Pasos** (December 11, 1935 – December 12, 2024), also commonly known simply as **Amaury**, was a Brazilian basketball player and coach. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil. He competed at three Olympic Games, winning two bronze medals in 1960 and 1964. He was honored into the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2007.

Pasos died on December 12, 2024 in São Paulo, one day after this 89th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
* Amaury Pasos at the *Confederação Brasileira de Basketball* (archived) 
* Amaury Pasos at the FIBA Hall of Fame
The Amazing Kreskin

**The Amazing Kreskin** (born **George Joseph Kresge Jr.**; January 12, 1935 – December 10, 2024), also known as **Kreskin**, was an American mentalist and television personality. He became popular on television in the 1970s. He was born in Montclair, New Jersey.

His first television appearance was on *The Steve Allen Show* in 1964. He went on to appear about 100 times on each of *The Mike Douglas Show*, *The Merv Griffin Show* and 88 times on *The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson*. 

In the 1980s and 1990s, Kreskin became well known when he appeared on *Late Night with David Letterman* and *The Howard Stern Show*.

Kreskin died from problems caused by dementia in Wayne, New Jersey on December 10, 2024, at the age of 89.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*
*
Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present)

On 8 December 2024, after the fall of the Assad regime, Israel's armored units entered Syria and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. They came in through the central countryside of the Quneitra Governorate with artillery fire.

After the fall of Damascus, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that since the Syrian Arab Army had left its positions, the 1974 border agreement with Syria was not active anymore. They did this to prevent any possible threat in Syria and Netanyahu ordered the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) to take over the Purple Line.

The Israeli Air Force and Navy began strikes on military targets across Syria in an operation named **Operation Bashan Arrow**.

An Israeli invasion has been going on since December 8, 2024. On that day, the Syrian Army (left or) abandoned its positions along the Purple Line (a buffer area). Israel then invaded the buffer zone between Syria and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. Israeli forces continued into Syria.  Places (in Syria) with military equipment of  the Syrian Army, were bombed from the air. As of 2025's first quarter, Israeli forces control some Syrian settlements along the border.

Israel has built outposts and military bases within the *Purple Line* (or the  UNDOF buffer area); Near Jubata al-Khashab (map) and surrounding villages, that happened (February 2025).
## Notes
## References
Mentalism

**Mentalism** is a performing art in which magicians, known as **mentalists**, appear to show tricks and powers using their minds. Mentalists perform a theatrical act that includes special effects that may look psychic or supernatural, but it is actually done by "ordinary illusion means". It is seen as a subcategory of magic.

## References
Sam Taylor-Johnson

**Samantha Louise Taylor-Johnson**  (*née* **Taylor-Wood**; born 4 March 1967) is a British movie director, singer, photographer and artist. She is known for directing *Nowhere Boy* (2009) and *Fifty Shades of Grey* (2015). 

Taylor-Johnson was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to the arts.

In 2012, she married actor Aaron Taylor-Johnson. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Sam Taylor-Wood on artnet
* David Video David Beckham Sleeping Video at Liverpool Walker Gallery
Ameerega munduruku

***Ameerega munduruku*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body
The adult male frog is 24.87 to 27.33 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 20.42 to 28.59 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back is black with a white or yellow stripe from the nose over the eye to where the back legs meet the body. There is another white stripe from the mouth to the front leg. There is a bright orange spot near where the front legs meet the body and on part of the back leg. There is a bright orange stripe near where the back legs meet the body. The sides of the body are black. The skin of the frog's belly is white with black marks. The iris of the eye is gold in color. The female frogs do not have vocal slits. Other than that, female frogs and male frogs look the same.

## Home
This frog is awake during the day. People see it in rocky places in the Matto Grosso Seasonal Forest and Madeira-Tapajós Forest. People see it on dead leaves on the ground and dead wood near water. They see it in the forest and near where the forest meets other places.  People have seen it about 200 meters above sea level.

## Young
The female frog lays eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frog carries the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out.  Human beings change the places where the frog lives to make farms and make places for animals to eat grass. People also build dams for electricity, which could hurt this frog.

## First paper
*

## References
Mary Whitehouse

**Constance Mary Whitehouse** was a British teacher and conservative activist. She was against social liberalism and popular TV in the UK. She thought it allowed too many things to be acceptable. She made the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association. The group was against the BBC. Her views were because she was Christian and she didn't like the changes of society in the 1960s.

Whitehouse became an art teacher. She also joined the groups like the Student Christian Movement and Moral Re-Armament. She became well-known because she was in the group Clean-up TV. The next year she made the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association. She used it to criticize the BBC. She thought they used to much bad language in their TV shows. She also thought their shows had too much sex and violence. 

Critics said Whitehouse was a bigot. She fought with advocates of the sexual revolution, feminism, children's rights, and LGBTQ rights.Others say she was trying to protect the morals of the UK.

## References
Prague offensive

The **Prague offensive**, was the last major military operation of the Eastern Front of World War II and the European theatre of World War II. The fighting lasted from 6 May - 11 May 1945. The main target of the offensive was the city of Prague which was the capital city of Czechoslovakia before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1939. The fighting ended a few days after the official german surrender on 7/8 May.

## History 
On 2 May 1945, the Soviet captured Berlin after an 18 day fight for the city. At this point there is still fighting in Europe in both east and west, but on 7 May Germany signs its unconditional surrender. But the Soviets have a new offensive in plan. on the sixth the Prague offensive begins, the Soviets enter Breslau and Dresden. The Soviets were also joined with the Polish, Czechoslovak, and Romanian armies. The forces enter Czechia from the north-east border with Germany (who now has surrendered). The Soviets reach Prague on the ninth, just after noon the same day, forces from the south-east of the front link up with the forces that have already entered Prague.

during the campaign, the Czech resistance started an uprising on the fifth with the Russian liberation army (a collaborationist army that has been fighting with the Axis but now believe it is a hopeless cause) but soon the resistance betrays them and the leaders try to escape into American custody. But they fail and get executed by the Czech partisans and/or the Soviet Red Army. Meanwhile in Prague, the resistance succeeds fighting the Germans and before the Soviets arrive, the Germans surrender in Prague.

## References
Vakataka Conquest of North West

The history of Andhradesa, Southern Kosala, and Baghelkhand during the reign of Pravarasena I is not fully clear. The Ikshvakuu of Andhradesa stopped ruling around 290 A.D., and the Salankayana took over about 40 years later. The Nalas of Chhattisgarh and Bastar rose to power even later. It is uncertain if Pravarasena took advantage of the lack of strong rulers in the region and brought it under his control. 

However, it is possible that he did and appointed his third son to rule the area. Notably, smaller rulers in Baghelkhand, like Vyaghra Raja of Ganj, continued to accept Vakataka rule even during the reign of Prithvisena I (360-385 A.D.), who is not credited with conquering this region. This suggests that Pravarasena may have expanded his influence over parts of Baghelkhand and Chhattisgarh. Additionally, the Saka rulers of Gujarat and Kathiawar, who were north-western neighbors of Pravarasena, were likely brought under his suzerainty during the early 4th century.

## Related Pages
*Vakataka Conquest of Malwa
*Conquests of Harishena
*Kumaragupta's Deccan Campaign

## References
Dali Man

The ***Dali Man*** () is a fossil skull of an extinct human relative that was found in China in 1978. 

Scientists do not agree about where the Dali Man fits in the human genus, *Homo*. One theory says that it was a later member of *Homo erectus*. Others say it was an early modern human, or a part of its own species, *Homo daliensis.* 

Scientists also debate how old the Dali Man is.

## Taxonomy 
The skull has a large brow-ridge that curves over each eye, unlike the straight brow-ridges of the Peking Man. During fossilization the upper jaw was damaged and dislocated upwards, making the face look shorter then expected.

## References
Kasibelinurus

***Kasibelinurus*** (meaning "sibling of dart tail") is a genus of Horseshoe crab relative from the Devonian.

## Related pages 
*Patesia* - genus of horseshoe crabs misidentified as a part of Kasibelinurus

*Houia* - genus of dekatriatan misidentified as a part of Kasibelinurus

## References
Dekatriata

***Dekatriata*** is a clade of chelicerates, it is made up of Arachnida (Spiders, scorpions, mites, and their relatives), Chasmataspidida (extinct chelicerate group), Eurypterida (Sea Scorpions), as well as genuses of *Winneshiekia* and *Houia.*

## References
Dickie Rock

**Richard "Dickie" Rock** (10October 19366December 2024) was an Irish singer-songwriter. He was well known as a member of The Miami Showband in the 1960s. He represented Ireland as a solo singer in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966. He retired in 2021.

Rock died at a hospital in Dublin, Ireland on 6December 2024, at the age of 88.

## References
Martial Solal

**Martial Solal** (23 August 1927 – 12 December 2024) was a French jazz pianist and composer. He was born in Algiers, Algeria.

After settling in Paris in 1950, he began working with Django Reinhardt, Sidney Bechet and Don Byas. He formed a quartet in the late 1950s. Solal then began composing movie music. He composed music for Jean-Luc Godard's first movie *Breathless* (*À bout de souffle*, 1960).

Solal died on 12 December 2024 in Versailles, France at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gukesh Dommaraju

**Gukesh Dommaraju** (born 29 May 2006), also known as **Gukesh D**, is an Indian chess grandmaster who is the current World Chess Champion. He is the youngest World Chess Champion and the youngest Candidates Tournament winner. He was also the third-youngest grandmaster and the youngest to reach a rating of 2750. He has won one team and two individual gold medals at the 2024 45th Chess Olympiad. Gukesh is also a silver medalist at the Asian Games. On December 12, 2024, he won against Chinese grandmaster Ding Liren in the World Chess Championship, officially becoming the youngest FIDE World Champion ever.

## References
Anti-Corruption Foundation

The **Anti-Corruption Foundation** (**ACF** or **FBK**; is a non-profit organization created in 2011 by the Russian opposition figure Alexei Navalny. The FBK published investigations into possible corruption by Russian government officials. The organisation is funded by private donations.

## References
Yulia Navalnaya

**Yulia Borisovna Navalnaya** (; born 24 July 1976) is a Russian political activist and economist. She is the widow of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny. She has been called the "first lady" of the Russian opposition.

After her husband's death in 2024, Navalnaya announced that she would continue his work. She is the chairperson of the Human Rights Foundation. She also leads the Anti-Corruption Foundation, which her husband founded in 2011.

## References
## Other websites
* Yulia Navalnaya's blog on the website of the radio station Echo of Moscow (since 2018).
Alireza Firouzja

**Alireza Firouzja** (born 18 June 2003) is an Iranian-French chess grandmaster. Firouzja is the youngest player to have passed a FIDE rating of 2800, beating the record set by Magnus Carlsen by more than five months.

Firouzja won the Iranian Chess Championship at age 12 and earned the Grandmaster title at 14. At 16, Firouzja became the second-youngest 2700-rated player. In 2021, at 18, he won the FIDE Grand Swiss tournament and a gold medal at the European Team Chess Championship. In 2022, Firouzja won the Grand Chess Tour. 

Firouzja left the Iranian Chess Federation in 2019 because of the country's policy against competing with Israeli players. Firouzja played under the FIDE flag until mid-2021, when he became a French citizen.

## References
Northern Counties

The **Northern Counties Motor & Engineering Company** was a maker of bus and coach bodies.

## History
Northern Counties Motor & Engineering Company was founded in Wigan in 1919 by Henry Lewis. The Lewis family remained owners of the company until it was bought out over seventy years later. 

### 1990s 
In May 1991, Northern Counties went in administration. It survived the administration and it carried on making bus and coach bodies.

In May 1995, Northern Counties was bought for £10 million by the Henlys Group, owner of Plaxton.

In 1999, Northern Counties name was replaced with the Plaxton name, the Northern Counties plant in Wigan still carried on making bus and coach bodies for Plaxton.

### 2000s 
In 2000, Henlys and Mayflower Corporation (owners of Alexander and Dennis) joined together, The joint venture was known as TransBus International, and buses used the TransBus name.

On 31 March 2004, TransBus International went into administration.

On 21 May 2004, TransBus International was bought by a merchant banker named Noble Grossart, and businessmen David Murray and Brian Souter. the Transbus International name was replaced with Alexander Dennis.

On 26 January 2005, the Northern Counties plant in Wigan was closed after it finished making the Plaxton President bodies.

## Products
*Palatine (double-decker)
*Paladin (single-decker)
*Prestige (low-floor single-decker)
*President (low-floor double-decker)

## Gallery

File:Foden-NC.jpg|Potteries Motor Traction Foden NC with Northern Counties bodywork
File:Keighley_%26_District,_Leyland_Olympian,_906_K6_YCL_-_Flickr_-_Danny%27s_Bus_Photos.jpg|Keighley & District Leyland Olympian with Northern Counties Palatine bodywork
File:Stagecoach in Newcastle bus 20258 Volvo B10M Northern Counties Paladin barrel style R558 RPY in Newcastle.jpg|Stagecoach in Newcastle Volvo B10M with Paladin bodywork in May 2009
File:Arriva North West 3313 R313WVR (8511424568).jpg|Arriva North West Volvo Olympian with Northern Counties Palatine II bodywork in February 2013

## References
*Ogden, Eric; (1976). *Northern Counties of Wigan*. The Transport Publishing Company. .
*Booth, Gavin (1983). *The British Bus Today and Tomorrow*. Ian Allan Ltd. 
*Townsin, Alan (1985). ''The British Bus Story - The 'Sixties - Turbulent Times''. The Transport Publishing Company. 

## Other websites
*
*A very useful listing of all bodies built from 1956 to 2005
*Detailed history of the development of the SELNEC standard
Saint Joan (play)

***Saint Joan*** is a play by George Bernard Shaw about the life of Joan of Arc. It was written in 1923.
## Story
The play is about Joan of Arc, a French teenager who helped to unite her people to fight against the English in the Hundred Years' War.
## About the play
The play was written in 1923. This was three years after Joan of Arc became a saint in the Catholic Church. Shaw showed Joan as smart, kind, and real. He said that the play has no villains, and is about what people do when they are trying their best.

The play has six parts and an ending (called an epilogue) that show different parts of Joan of Arc's life.

## References
Typhoon Ivan

**Typhoon Ivan,** known in the Philippines as **Typhoon Narsing**, was the strongest typhoon of the 1997 Pacific typhoon season.

## Meteorological History
A Simple Wish (1997 film)

***A Simple Wish*** is a 1997 American children's fantasy comedy film directed by Michael Ritchie, and starring Martin Short, Mara Wilson, Francis Capra, Amanda Plummer, Kathleen Turner, Ruby Dee and Teri Garr.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Otzma Yehudit

**Otzma Yehudit** is a religious Zionist party in Israel, founded on November 13, 2012 by former Members of Knesset (Israel's parliament) Aryeh Eldad and Michael Ben-Ari, with the former being a secular Jew and the latter an Orthodox Jew.

## Overview
Many people, including followers of the party itself of being "far-right" and "anti-Arab". Critics and certain Zionists say that the Otzma Yehudit is a successor to the Kach party banned in Israel, The current leader of the Otzma Yehudit is Itamar Ben-Gvir, who served as the Minister of National Security of Israel.

## Ideology
The Otzma Yehudit puts some of these ideas into policy:

* Israeli Jewish children shall be taught to love Israel
* Jews shall settle in every region of the Land of Israel
* Compromises shall not be made with the enemies of Israel
* Israeli Jewish children shall be educated on Jewish history, heritage and tradition
* The national defence policy shall be moved from the defensive to the offensive to crush the enemies of Israel
* Diaspora Jews shall be encouraged to immigrate to Israel (*aliyah*, Hebrew: עלייה) to keep the Jewish majority of Israel's population

## Election results
## Leaders
## Controversies
Michael Ben-Ari once called left-wing NGOs "traitors that must be oppressed at any cost [...] internal bacteria [...] enemies of Israel".

Itamar Ben-Gvir is accused of hanging a picture of Baruch Goldstein in his living room, and disrespecting the victims of the Cave of the Patriarchs shooting. He added that there should be no negotiations with Islamist terrorists.

## Related pages
* Likud
* New Right
* Revisionist Zionism
* State of Judea
* United Torah Judaism

## Footnotes
## References
Barney Live in New York City

***Barney Live! in New York City*** is a stage show, taped at Radio City Music Hall in New York City on March 6, 1994 and released on August 26, 1994.

## Cast 
* Barney (voice) - Bob West
* Barney (costume) - David Joyner/Carey Stinson
* Baby Bop (voice) - Julie Johnson
* Baby Bop (costume) - Jeff Ayers
* BJ (voice) - Patty Wirtz
* BJ (costume) - Jeff Brooks
* The Winkster -  David Voss/Ashley Wood
* Shawn - John David Bennett, II
* Derek - Rickey Carter
* Tosha - Hope Cervantes

## Songs 
**Act One**

# Barney Theme Song
# The More We Get Together
# Mr.
Dan Grecu

**Dănuț Grecu** (26 September 1950 – 13 December 2024) was a Romanian artistic gymnast who specialised in rings. He was born in Bucharest, Romania. He won a bronze medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Grecu died on 12 December 2024, at the age of 74.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
V. S. Achuthanandan

**Velikkakathu Sankaran Achuthanandan** (20 October 1923 &ndash; 21 July 2025), popularly known by his initials **V. S.**, was an Indian politician. He served as the Chief Minister of Kerala from 2006 to 2011. Achuthanandan was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M) Politburo from 1985 until July 2009.

Achuthanandan turned 100 in October 2023.

Achuthanandan died on 21 July 2025 at a hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, India from problems caused by cardiac arrest, aged 101.

## References
## Other websites
* The official website of the Chief Minister of Kerala
* Financial Express news, Kerala takes the fizz out of Coke & Pepsi
* comradevs.com, A webpage designed for V S Achuthanandan
* An interview with VS *Tehelka*
* Has the son put the father In the dock? From Tehelka Magazine, Vol 8, Issue 11, Dated 19 Mar 2011
Albien Van Holsbeeck

**Albien Van Holsbeeck** (6 January 1946 – 10 December 2024) was a Belgian athletics competitor and politician. Van Holsbeeck was specialized in long distance running and cross-country. He won medals at Belgian Athletics Championships between 1966 and 1969 and represented Belgium internationally at the International Cross Country Championships.

## Biography
Van Holsbeek was born in  in Affligem on 6 January 1946. During his youth he started practicing athletics and was a member of SC Anderlecht. Albien became for the first time national champion in the cross-country in 1962 in the youth category. In 1965 he was selected to compete at the International Cross Country Championships in the junior category and finished second behind . In 1964 and 1965 he became again national cross country champion. In 1966 he also became national champion in the 1500 metres.

Was the first athlete in Belgium to run under 9 minutes at 3000 m steeple after Gaston Roelants. Became as first Belgium champion cross country in all youth categories ( cadets, scholieren and juniores).

As an elite athlete Van Holsbeeck was selected to represent Belgium at the International Cross Country Championships at the 1965 Championschips in Rabat (Marocco),1967 Championships in Barry (Wales), 1968 Championships in Tunis (Tunesia), 1969 Championships in Clydebank (Scotland) and 1975 in Rabat (Morocco). At the Belgian Athletics Championships he won the silver medal in 1966 in the 10,000 metres behind Olympic champion Gaston Roelants. Two years later he won again the silver medal in the 10,000 metres. This time behind Eugene Allonsius. In 1968 he also won the bronze medal in the 3000 metres steeplechase behind Eddy Van Butsele and Miel Puttemans. Van Holsbeeck won his last medal at the national championships in 1969 in the 5000 metres. He won the bronze medal behind Roelants and Willy Polleunis. Van Holsbeeck became a member of AC Hekelgem and ended his athletic career in the 1970s. Van Holsbeeck worked at the National Bank of Belgium. He also has been a member for years of the Young Christian Workers

## References
List of ports and terminal infrastructure types

## Maritime ports 
 loaded on breakbulk ship]]
 port 3D sketch]]

* Container port
* Ferry port
* Grain elevator terminal
* Liquefied natural gas terminal
* Maritime passenger terminal
* Offshore wind port
* Roll-on/roll-off RoRo ship
* Shipyard

## Inland terminals 
 run by the Georgia Ports Authority at the Port of Savannah]]

 terminal in New Richmond, Wisconsin]]
* Airport
* Autorack terminal
* Intermodal Terminal
* Rail grain terminal
* Spaceport

## Related pages 
* Bulk cargo

## References
Belly fetishism

A **belly fetish** is a kind of fetish where a person is attracted to the belly or abdominal region of another person, often a woman.
 actress, Nora Fatehi, wearing a pink outfit that exposes her belly]]

## Description 
A person with a belly fetish might feel aroused at the sight of seeing another person's abdominal area, especially if the belly button is uncovered.

## Causes 
Some doctors and scientists presume that a belly fetish may be caused by the increasing trend of women wearing clothing that exposes their belly, like for example, crop tops. 

The movements in the art of belly dancing have been considered to be seductive and hence may play a part in why people are attracted to the belly or abdominal region.

## Related pages 
*Sexual fetishism
*Vorarephilia

## References
Theo Meeuwsen

**Theo Meeuwsen** (10 March 1938 –  December 2024) was a Dutch football player who mainly played as a defender. He played with Vitesse from 1957 to 1965.

## Biography
As a member of Vitesse he made his debut in the main team in September 1957, after having played in the morning in the third team of Vitesse. He also scored during his debut match with a header from a corner kick. He initially played as a right winger and later as a right back. He is described as a go-getter with a tireless dedication who worked hard. He played a total of 66 matches for the club and scored seven times. After 1965 he moved from Vitesse to  and played in the Eerste Klasse. After his playing career he became trainer of SML. He was also manager of sports hall "De Dumpel" and the tennis courts. 

Meeuwsen remained associated with Vitesse, but in later life he was unable to attend the matches. In February 2023, his wish to attend once more a match was fulfilled by a foundation, and Meeuwsen was named "Fan of the Match".

Meeuwsen lived in residential care centre "Driegasthuizengroep" in Arnhem. He died in December 2024, at the age of 86 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*1960 newspaper image of Meeuwsen
*2023 image of Meeuwsen
Oasis (artificial intelligence)

***Oasis*** is a proof of concept that seeks to recreate the look and gameplay of the 2011 video game Minecraft, using generative artificial intelligence. The project, whose development began in 2022 between artificial intelligence company Decart and computer hardware startup Etched, was released by Decart to the public on 31 October 2024.

The game was released to a huge audience, and the website hosting the game almost crashed within 24 hours of its release. However, reactions were overwhelmingly mixed, as the game seemed to show no coherent logic in its actions or scenario. Some argued that the unpredictability of the AI made the game fun to watch and play.

## Creation and gameplay 
The "proof-of-concept" demo version of the game was created by San Francisco- based Israeli artificial intelligence developer Decart and Silicon Valley computing hardware startup Etched, and funded by a $21 million grant from Israeli-American billionaire Oren Zeev and New York-based firm Sequoia Capital. and claimed to be the first AI-playable open-world model game. The game aimed to replicate the gameplay style of the 2011 sandbox game *Minecraft* by using exclusively generative artificial intelligence, without using coding in the process. The AI that runs the game was trained by watching millions of hours of online *Minecraft* gameplay footage. This collected information was used to run "next frame prediction", which attempts to anticipate what the players next action will be from keyboard and mouse inputs based on previous video, in an attempt to simulate real-time gameplay and the game's physics and controls.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 

* Official Demo
Atom.com

**Atom.com** (formerly **AtomFilms**) was a broadband entertainment network offering original short subject movies, animations, and series by independent creators. The company was founded in 1998 in Seattle by Mika Salmi. Sequoia Capital, led by Michael Moritz, was the lead investor in Atom Films.

## Overview
Atom Films was the first online video platform for Oscar winners Jason Reitman, Aardman Animations, and David Lynch. It was the first site to work with a property rights owner to allow works by the general public when it created a partnership with George Lucas for The Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards in November 2000.

## Buyout
On August 10, 2006, Atom Entertainment was bought by MTV Networks with all properties, including AtomFilms, Addicting Games, Addicting Clips (renamed AtomUploads) and Shockwave.com. The buyout occurred after negotiations against with Google to buy YouTube. In 2012, Atom.com was absorbed into Comedy Central, and was renamed **CC Studios**.

## References
## Other websites
*
14 July Revolution

The **14 July Revolution** also called the **1958 Iraqi military coup** was a coup d'etat that happened during 14 July 1958. This resulted in the murder of Faisal II and the removal of the Hashemite-led Kingdom of Iraq.
## References
Amrit Bharat Express

The Amrit Bharat Express is an express rail in India. It is a superfast train. It first started running on the 30th December 2023. It is currently used in 2 lines across India. The train was designed to reach a speed of 160 km/h but reached a maximum speed of 130 km/h. It connects cities that are more than 800 km apart.

## Reference 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrit_Bharat_Express

## Other websites 
Indian Railways
Ford Equator

The **Ford Equator** is a mid-size crossover SUV by JMC-Ford joint venture. 

## Overview 
The Equator is a three-row mid-size crossover SUV, located in the JMC-Ford model range above the Everest.. The Equator is powered by a transverse-mounted 2.0-liter turbocharged *EcoBoost* engine based on the *JX4G20* petrol engine developed by JMC and AVL which produces 221 hp (224 PS; 165 kW).

### Improvements 

File:Ford Equator PHEV facelift 001.jpg|Ford Equator (after 2025 improvements, front)
File:Ford Equator PHEV facelift 002.jpg|Ford Equator (after 2025 improvements, rear)

## Equator Sport/Territory 
A shorter two-row version of the Equator named the Equator Sport or Territory on export markets presented on Guangzhou Auto Show in November 2021. Its 140 mm shorter than the Equator. The Equator Sport is equipped with an EcoBoost *4G15F6C* engine with a power of 125 kW (168 hp). 
File:Ford Equator Sport IMG006.jpg|Equator Sport/Territory
File:Ford Equator Sport IMG007.jpg|Rear view
File:Ford Equator Sport IMG005.jpg|Interior

## Sales 
### Equator 
### Equator Sport/Territory 
## References
Spin ice

## What is Spin Ice? 
Spin ice is a magnetic crystal. It is also known as a microcontroller. It does not have a minimal-energy state which means that it does not rest at one place but instead fluctuates, in this case it is its magnetism that is moving.

This is because the atoms inside of its crystal structure are always moving and cannot physically rest in one position.

In its stable form it will continue to exhibit magnetic fluctuations at some frequency. Affects connected electrical systems and vice versa when a current is applied. Spin ice is therefore like a battery for magnetic moments that would eventually melt after expending its energy.

## Recipe for Spin Ice 
With a massive amount of energy we can create a crystal.

To make spin ice scientists have used tiny magnets inside of complex crystals.
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

The **Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership** is a free trade agreement for the Asia-Pacific countries of Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. 

The 15 member countries make up about 30% of the world's population (2.2 billion people) and 30% of global GDP ($29.7 trillion). It is the largest trade bloc in history. It was signed in November 2020. RCEP is the first free trade agreement for the largest economies in Asia, including China, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea.

## References
Martial law in Poland

**Martial law in Poland** () happened from 13 December 1981 to 22 July 1983. The government of the Polish People's Republic used it to stop protests and control the country. It targeted the Solidarity movement and other groups.

## Background 
Poland had many problems in the 1970s. The government borrowed money but could not fix the economy. Food and other goods were limited. In 1980, workers started Solidarity, the first free trade union in the Communist Bloc. Protests grew. General Wojciech Jaruzelski became the leader. He wanted to end protests.

## Description 
On 13 December 1981, Jaruzelski said martial law started. The Military Council of National Salvation (WRON) was created to lead the country. The army and police worked to stop protests.

## Related pages 
* Cold War
* Communism
* Soviet Union

## References 
## Other websites 
* Archival recording of General Jaruzelski's speech on the introduction of martial law, TVP/YouTube
Q Type Star

A **Q Star**, also called a **grey hole**, is a hypothetical neutron star. It contains a strange matter. It would have a gravitational pull so strong that some light, but not all photons can escape.

A Q-star may be mistaken for a stellar black hole.

## References
Planet 9

**Planet Nine**, also called **Planet X**, is a hypothetical planet orbiting beyond Neptune. This theory would explain the anomalies in the Kuiper Belt. Planet 9 could have a weight (mass) about 5 to 10 times the weight of Earth. Since this planet should orbit far away, it would take between 10000 to 20000 Earth years to orbit the Sun. The brightness (Magnitude) of Planet 9 could be around 21, which means that it is very dim.

## Related pages 
* Tyche (planet)
* Solar System

## References 
# https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planet-x/

## Other websites 
* https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/04/science/planet-nine-kuiper-belt-latest-evidence/index.html
GDScript

GDScript is a programming language that is used for the game engine Godot. This language is similar to Python, with syntax and arguments alike.

## Example 
Here is an example of the GDScript Language:
```gdscript
extends Sprite2d

# This code is going to print Hello World.

func _ready():
    print("Hello World!")
```

## Reference 
https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/getting_started/introduction/index.html
YouTube Poop

**YouTube Poop** (**YTP**) also known simply as **a poop**, is a type of mashup or video edit created by remixing/editing preexisting media sources, often carrying subcultural meaning into a new video for humorous, satirical, obscene, absurd, and profane—as well as annoying, confusing, or dramatic purposes.

Originally from the United States, poops are now produced all over the world. The name can vary from country to country, with the country's acronym being used next to ‘YouTube Poop’; Brazilian poops, for example, use the name YouTube Poop BR, or YTPBR in its shortened form. There's also (**YTPMV**) or simply ‘**YouTube Poop Music Video**’, which is a musical genre that uses human voices, noises and robotic sounds.

## History 
YouTube Poop is a subset of remix culture, in which existing ideas and media are modified and reinterpreted to create new art and media in various contexts. Forms of remix culture existed long before the internet, with Luke Dormehl of DigitalTrends listing William Burroughs' cut-up technique and samples in hip-hop as examples. Dormehl also says that “aesthetically”, YouTube Poop is similar to MTV's “frenetic editing style” in the 1980s, which featured “fast, non-linear cuts” that focused less on character or plot than on evoking a feeling.

## References 
### Bibliography 
* 
* 
* 

## Other Websites
Super Outbreak

The term **Super Outbreak** can be referred to:
* 1974 Super Outbreak, a series of tornado outbreaks in the United States (1974).
* 2011 Super Outbreak, a series of tornado outbreaks in the United States (2011).