open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Italian hip hop

**Italian hip hop** is hip hop music rapped in the Italian language and/or made by Italian musicians.

## History 
### 1980s
Italian hip hop started in the 1980s. One of the first hip hop crews to become famous in the Italian mainstream was Isola Posse All Star from Bologna.

In the early '80s, hip hop spread to Italy through social centers, where left-wing young people regularly met. Jovanotti was one of the first stars to become famous from this hip hop scene. He rapped in otherwise standard Italian pop music.

In the underground, Radical Stuff published the first Italian hip hop street video called "Let’s Get Dizzy" in 1989. Around the same time, Assalti Frontali, an underground hip hop group, was founded in Rome. They are known for their left-wing politically and socially charged lyrics.

### 1990s
Articolo 31, a duo made of J-Ax and DJ Jad, emerged during the mid-'90s with their album *Strade di città*. Their fusion of rap, funk and rock elements made the genre more famous.

### 2000s
The 2000s marked a shift from the '90s rap scene in Italy. Artists like Articolo 31, Sottotono, Frankie hi-nrg and Neffa had achieved significant success in the previous decade. Primo Brown, Fabri Fibra and the rap group Colle Der Fomento contributed to the growing Italian rap community. Joe Cassano, El Presidente, Fritz da Cat, Turi, DJ Double S, Mondo Marcio also left their mark.

Between 2006 and 2008, Italian hip hop expanded its reach to a broader audience. Mondo Marcio's album *Solo un Uomo* brought the genre into the mainstream, followed by Fabri Fibra's *Tradimento*and Marracash's *Marracash*, both chart-toppers.

### 2010s
At the start of the 2010s, Italian pop music dominated charts, while hip hop artists like Club Dogo, Fabri Fibra and Noyz Narcos were gearing up to release significant albums such as *Che Bello Essere Noi*, *Controcultura* and *Guilty*.

Emerging artists like Emis Killa and MadMan made their presence felt with projects like *Champagne e Spine* and *Escape from Hearth*.

Around 2015–2016, Italian hip hop experienced a significant shift. Artists like Gemitaiz and MadMan, Salmo, Marracash and Charlie Charles with their albums characterized this period. 

Ghali officially debuted in 2017 with *Album*, entering the top-selling charts in Italy. His success paved the way for the new school, led by artists like Sfera Ebbasta, Izi, Capo Plaza and Ernia.

## Regional Diversity 
Italian dialects vary significantly across regions. Artists from different areas embraced their local languages.

Campanians like Co'Sang, Clementino, Rocco Hunt, Geolier and Luchè incorporated their native Neapolitan dialects. Artists such as Dr. Drer & CRC Posse and Menhir sing in Sardinian. Piotta and Truceclan often incorporate the Romanesco dialect into their songs. Sud Sound System combine Jamaican rhythms with the Salentino dialect. Dj Tubet often raps in Friulian.

## References
Country rap

**Country rap** (also called **country hip hop** and sometimes **hick hop**) is a genre of music that combines compositions of hip hop with various forms of country music. 

## Notable musicians
* Big Smo
* Breland (musician)
* Blanco Brown
* Adam Calhoun
* Lenny Cooper
* Cowboy Troy
* Ernest
* Colt Ford
* Georgia Florida Line
* Jawga Boyz
* Jelly Roll (singer)
* Struggle Jennings
* The Lacs
* Lil Nas X
* Moonshine Bandits
* Kid Rock
* Redneck Souljers
* Bubba Sparxxx
* Upchurch
Dominican Americans

**Dominican Americans** are American of Dominican ancestry. Dominicans are the fourth largest Hispanic immigrant group in the United States, after Mexicans, Salvadorans, and Cubans. 60% of Dominican immigrants live in New York and New Jersey.
## References
## Other websites
*Dominican americans
*Facts on Hispanics of Dominican origin in the United States, 2017
Flora and fauna of Mexico

Plant and animal life differs sharply with Mexico's varied climate and topography. The coastal plains are covered with a tropical rain forest, which merges into subtropical and temperate growth as the plateau is ascended. In the northern states there is a dry steppe vegetation, with desert flora over much of the area. Oaks and conifers are found in mixed forest regions along the mountain slopes. The Yucatán Peninsula has a scrubby vegetation.

Among the wild animals are the armadillo, tapir, opossum, puma, jaguar, bear, and several species of monkey, deer, and boar. Poisonous snakes and harmful insects are found. In the coastal marshes, malarial mosquitoes pose a problem. The only remaining elephant seals in the world are on Island west of Baja California.

## Gallery

File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River.JPG|Jaguar
File:AxolotlBE.jpg|Axolotl
File:Tagetes x erecta1.jpg|Mexican marigold
File:Tadarida brasiliensis.jpg| Mexican free-tailed bat
File:Vanilla planifolia (6998639597).jpg|Vanilla
File:Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus Male 2664px.jpg|Monarch butterfly
File:Ateles fusciceps Colombia.JPG|Spider monkey
Afro-Italians

**Afro-Italians** are people who are from the country of Italy and who have ancestors who are African.

From 1850 to 1880, more than 1,500 African babies were brought to Italy by “The Slave Masters of God,” a religious group that believed it was their duty to buy slaves and educate them in Italy. A century later, between 1980 and 1990, two million Africans immigrated to Italy.

## References
Joseph Bazalgette

**Sir Joseph William Bazalgette**, CB (; 28 March 181915 March 1891) was a 19th-century English civil engineer. He invented the system for cleaning drinking water so as to eliminate cholera.

As chief engineer of London's Metropolitan Board of Works his work was in response to the Great Stink of 1858. He invented the system for cleaning sewage which is basically the same as used today. It stopped the city from having cholera epidemics, and also reduced typhus and typhoid. Until then, cholera had been endemic in all large cities throughout the world, beginning in Roman times.  

Bazalgette's plan was for new, closed sewers to pump the waste away from the city. Bazalgette took the polluted water though sewage treatment plants, after which the clean water was returned to the Thames. 

Victorian London became one of the few large cities in the world to be free of epidemics carried by the water supply. The British later built the water and sewage systems in many other countries, especially those in, or connected with, the British Empire (Cairo, Khartoum, New Delhi and so on). The growth in population has made the water unsafe again in many places, but round about 1900 a clean water supply was available in many parts of the world. All this was a consequence of Snow's work, and Bazalgette's engineering.

Cholera has returned in modern times. Cities have outgrown the sewage systems built in the late 19th century. Governments have spent money on armaments rather than engineering. Uncontrolled population growth has meant the return of cholera to a world where it was once eliminated.

Bazalgette was also the designer of the Hammersmith Bridge. He was also friends with Jozef Balog.

## Other works 
*Albert Embankment (1869)
*Victoria Embankment (1870)
*Chelsea Embankment (1874)
*Maidstone Bridge (1879)
*Albert Bridge (1884; modifications)
*Putney Bridge (1886)
*Hammersmith Bridge (1887)
*The Woolwich Free Ferry (1889)
*Battersea Bridge (1890)
*Charing Cross Road
*Garrick Street
*Northumberland Avenue
*Shaftesbury Avenue
*Early plans for the Blackwall Tunnel (1897)
*Proposal for what later became Tower Bridge

## References
Baker-Miller pink

**Baker-Miller Pink**, also known as **P-618**, **Schauss pink**, or **Drunk-Tank Pink** is a tone of pink which has been observed to reduce hostile, violent or aggressive behavior.

## Color codes
*In hex:#FF91AF
Mexican pink

**Mexican pink** is a purplish pink shade of the color rose, vivid and saturated, similar to the colors fuchsia or magenta.

## Color codes
*In hex:#E4007C

## Related pages
*Magenta
*Purple
Actaea (plant)

***Actaea*** is a genus of plants in the  family *Ranunculaceae*. They are also called "baneberry." They live in North America.

## Species 
## References
Bazugues

**Bazugues** is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Gers department
Acoelorrhaphe

***Acoelorraphe*** is a botanical genus that belongs to the family Arecaceae (palm tree).

## Species 
* *Acoelorraphe wrightii* (Griseb. & H. Wendl. ) H. Wendl. ex Becc.

## References
Citron (color)

*For other meanings,see Citron (disambiguation)*
**Citron** is a dark lemon color similar to that of the fruit citron.

## Color codes
*In hex:#DDD06A
SCS Software

**SCS Software s.r.o.** is a Czech video game development company based in Prague, Czech Republic. It mainly makes simulation games for Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.

## Games 
### Games developed 
## References
Fabriciano Sigampa

**Fabriciano Sigampa** (15 September 1936 – 31 March 2021) was an Argentine Roman Catholic archbishop. He was born in Vichigasta, Argentina.

Sigampa was ordained to the priesthood in 1970. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Reconquista, Argentina from 1985 to 1993 and was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Rioja, Argentina from 1993 to 2006. He was archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Resistencia, Argentina, from 2006 to 2013.

Sigampa died on 31 March 2021 in La Rioja, Argentina at the age of 84.

## References
Hins Cheung

**Hins Cheung King Hin** () is a Hong Kong singer.

## Career
On 22-25 November 2020, he held his concert *Hins Cheung X HKCO* in Hong Kong Coliseum.

On 7 January 2021, he released his 8th Cantonese studio album *The Brightest Darkness*.

## Discography
### Studio albums 
* *My Way* (2002)
* *A.M./P.M.* (2004)
* *Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter* (2006)
* *The Book of Laughter and Forgetting* (2006)
* *Ardently Love* (2007)
* *Urban Emotions* (2008)
* *Love & Living* (2009)
* *No. Eleven* (2010)
* *Morph* (2014)
* *Felix* (2015)
* *Senses Inherited* (2018)

### Extended plays 
* ''Hins' First* (2001)
* *Park of Loneliness* (2004)
* *Why Not?* (2012)
* *Vibes* (2016)
* *The Whimsical Voyage* (2017)

## Filmography
### Feature films 
* *In-Laws, Out-Laws* (2004)
* *Moments of Love* (2005)
* *Love Is Not All Around* (2007)
* *Wonder Women* (2007)
* *Dancing Lion* (2007)
* *In the Name of... Love* (2008)
* *The Legend Is Born: Ip Man* (2010)
* *The Midas Touch* (2013)
* *Golden Chicken 3* (2014)
* *Shining Moment* (2017)

### Theatrical plays
* *Big Nose* (2006)
* *Perfect Match* (2008)
* *Octave* (2010)
* *I Have a Date with Autumn* (2012)
* *Bent'' (2015)

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*Hins Concert 
*Hins Cheung Hongkong Concert
Infinite Jest

***Infinite Jest*** is a book by the American author David Foster Wallace. It was published in 1996.

The book has an unusual narrative structure and includes hundreds of extensive endnotes, some with footnotes of their own.

One of the subjects that Wallace deals with in the novel is addiction; to drugs, to alcohol, to sex, and to other things people can become addicted to. He is quoted as saying "“There’s a lot of addiction stuff in “Infinite Jest.” And it’s odd, I mean I went to a lot of open AA meetings, and I’ve read a lot of, um, sort of addictionology books. And it does become a kind of model...through which you end up seeing a lot of stuff, particularly American stuff—advertising as seduction. I mean, the ultimate [garbled] demand is an addict, which is, you know, terrific for commercial interests. I think, um—I’m not sure about addiction so much.”

Many other famous people have spoken positively about *Infinite Jest,* including Jonathan Franzen, Tao Lin, Dave Eggers, and Aaron Swartz.

The novel has sold more than a million copies worldwide.

## References
Rudolf Carnap

**Rudolf Carnap** (18 May 1891 – 14 September 1970) was a German-American philosopher and logician. He was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a major member of the Vienna Circle and an advocate of logical positivism.  He is considered "one of the giants among twentieth-century philosophers".

## Education
He studied at the Barmen Gymnasium. Then, he attended the University of Jena, intending to write a thesis in physics. But he also studied philosophy and attended Frege's courses in mathematical logic. 

## Career
He taught philosophy in Prague, and Vienna and the United States.

## Works
Here is the list of some of his works in philosophy:
* *Der logische Aufbau der Welt* (1928a, The Logical Construction of the World)
* *Der Raum*
* *Introduction to symbolic logic and its applications*. Dover, New York.
* *Formalization of logic*. Harvard University Press

## References
## Other websites
* https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789027705839 Rudolf Carnap, Logical Empiricist, naterials and perspectives, Hintikka, Jaakko (ed)]
* Carnap's biography
Fatima Zakaria

**Fatima Zakaria** (17 February 1936 – 6 April 2021) used to be the editor of the Mumbai Times, and became the Sunday editor of The Times of India. Zakaria is also the editor of the *Taj* magazine of the Taj Hotels. Her office is in the Taj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai.

## Family
She is the second widow of Rafiq Zakaria, who was an Indian politician and Islamic religious cleric.

Fatima Zakaria is the step-mother of 2 children. The eldest, Tasneem Zakaria Mehta, is an art historian and writer, living in Mumbai. The second is Mansoor Zakaria. Her full son Arshad Zakaria runs a hedge fund. Her youngest full son Fareed Zakaria is an editor of Newsweek, and host of Fareed Zakaria GPS on CNN.

## Career
Rafiq Zakaria established The Maulana Azad Education Trust in the historic city of Aurangabad Maharashtra India. It was his Assembly Constituency from which he got elected a few times. He served as a Minister in the State cabinet. Fatima transformed educational institutions in Aurangabad to such an extent that they can be compared with the best centres of learning in Asia.

Zakaria joined the Taj Group of Hotels to establish the hotel, The Taj Residency, on the campus of The Maulana Azad Education Trust in Aurangabad. She became editor of the coffee table magazine *Taj*.

Zakaria, is regarded as a secularist, however she took special care to cater to the educational needs of the Muslims.

The award Padma Shri was conferred on her by the Government of India in 2006.

Zakaria died from COVID-19 at the Kamalnayan Bajaj Hospital in Aurangabad on 6 April 2021.

## References
Loránd Milassin

**Loránd Milassin** (18 January 1948 – 1 April 2021) was a Hungarian hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Milassin was born in Budapest.

Milassin died on 1 April 2021 in Budapest, aged 73.

## References
Gregor Baumgartner

**Gregor Baumgartner** (born 13 July 1979) is an Austrian former professional ice hockey winger who played the last 9 seasons of his career for EHC Black Wings Linz in the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga. He was drafted 37th overall in the 1997 NHL entry draft by the Montreal Canadiens and then drafted 156th overall in the 1999 NHL entry draft by the Dallas Stars.

## Career statistics
## References
## Other websites
*
Stéphane Fiset

**Stéphane Fiset** (born June 17, 1970) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League and now coaches Thetford Mines in the QCHL.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
### International
## Awards
*QMJHL First All-Star Team (1989),
*Canadian Major Junior Goaltender of the Year (1989),
*WJC-A All-Star Team (1990)
*Named Best Goaltender at WJC-A (1990)
*Stanley Cup Champion 1996 

## References
## Other websites
*
Hortolândia

**Hortolândia** is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. 234,259 people lived here in 2020.

## References
Samsung Galaxy S II

The **Samsung Galaxy S II**, also known as the **Samsung Galaxy S2**, was an Android 4.1.2 phone developed by Samsung, it was released in May 2011. It has an optional 4G support.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Joël Bouchard

**Joël Bouchard** (born January 23, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League. 

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
## International
## Transactions
*June 26, 1998 - Claimed off waivers by the Nashville Predators from the Calgary Flames.
*March 14, 2000 - Claimed off waivers by the Dallas Stars from the Nashville Predators.
*August 31, 2000 - Signed as a free agent with the Phoenix Coyotes.
*October 25, 2001 - Signed as a free agent with the New Jersey Devils
*August 5, 2002 - Signed as a free agent with the New York Rangers.
*February 10, 2003 - Traded by the New York Rangers, along with Richard Lintner, Rico Fata, Mikael Samuelsson and future considerations to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Alexei Kovalev, Mike Wilson, Janne Laukkanen and Dan LaCouture.
*July 14, 2003 - Signed as a free agent with the Buffalo Sabres.
*October 3, 2003 - Claimed off waivers by the New York Rangers from the Buffalo Sabres.
*August 18, 2005 - Signed as a free agent with the New York Islanders.
*October 23, 2007 - Signed a minor league contract with Hamilton Bulldogs, AHL affiliate of Montreal Canadiens.

## Other websites
*
Donald Brashear

**Donald Maynard Brashear** (born January 7, 1972) is an American-Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played for five organizations in the National Hockey League (NHL), in which he played the role of enforcer. 

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
**Bold** indicates led league

### International
All statistics taken from NHL.com

### Mixed martial arts record
|-
| Win
|align=center| 1-0
|  Mathieu Bergeron
| TKO (punches)
| Ringside MMA
| 
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:21
|Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| MMA debut, first win
|-

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Interview on fighting in the NHL, 3/27/2007
Pokémon Mini

The **Pokémon Mini** (or **Pokémon mini**) is a handheld game console that was made by Nintendo. It is themed around the *Pokémon* media franchise. It weighs just under .

## Technical details 
* CPU 8-bit, 4&nbsp;MHz Seiko (now Epson) S1C88
* 96 x 64 pixel monochrome LCD
* Game Pak (512KiB cartridge)
* Internal BIOS of 4kB
* Internal ram 4kB (shared with video subsystem)
* 21-bit cartridge bus
* 256 hardware register; in most cases Open-Bus registers
* Dimensions: 74mm x 58mm x 23mm (2.91in x 2.28in x 0.91in)
* Weight:  with Game Pak and AAA battery inserted
* Power: 1 AAA battery (lasting ~60 hours)

## List of games 
## References
Mathieu Dandenault

**Mathieu Alexandre Dandenault** (born February 3, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Detroit Red Wings and the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
### International
## References
## Other websites
*
Brian Casey (ice hockey)

**Brian Casey** (born January 10, 1973) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey player who last played for AaB Ishockey in the Metal Ligaen in Denmark.

## Career statistics
## Other websites
*
Steve Brûlé

**Steve Brûlé** (born January 15, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He last played competitively with Jonquière Marquis of the Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey. He played in the National Hockey League with the New Jersey Devils and Colorado Avalanche.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
## Awards and achievements
## References
## Other websites
*
*Picture of Steve Brule's Name on the 2000 Stanley Cup Plaque
Jimmy Carson

**James Charles Carson** (born July 20, 1968) is an American former professional hockey player. He played 10 seasons in the National Hockey League with five different teams. In 1988, he became only the second teenager in NHL history to score 50 goals in a season; the first was Wayne Gretzky.

## Achievements
*Played in 1989 NHL All-Star Game.
*Named to the NHL All-Rookie Team in 1987.
*NHL single-season record for games played with 86, 1992–93 shared with Bob Kudelski who also played 86 games in 1993-94
*Scored more goals as a teenager than any player in NHL history- 92 goals
*Only Wayne Gretzky (20 years, 40 days old) scored 100 goals at a younger age than Jimmy Carson who achieved the feat at 20 years, 116 days old.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
### International
## References
## Other websites
*
Jeannie Carson

**Jeannie Carson** (born **Jean Shufflebottom**; 23 May 1928) is a retired English-born comedian, actress, singer and dancer. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1956, Carson starred in her own series *Hey, Jeannie!*, which aired on CBS.

## References
Sébastien Charpentier (ice hockey)

**Sébastien Charpentier** (born April 18, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender.

## Other websites
*
War (American band)

**War** (originally called **Eric Burdon and War**) is an American funk/rock/soul band from Long Beach, California, known for several hit songs (including "Spill the Wine", "The World Is a Ghetto", "The Cisco Kid", "Why Can't We Be Friends?", "Low Rider", and "Summer").

## References
Choking game

The **choking game** is a challenge that aims to cause unconsciousness by lowering the supply of oxygen to the brain. When becoming conscious again ("waking up"), people often have a euphoric feeling, or a good dream. Most of the time, adolescents try this game. One of the reasons is that they want to experiment with other states of consciousness. If they do it as a group, peer pressure often plays a role. The practice seems to have started in France, in the early 20th century. After the second world war (late 1940s, to early 1950s), several authors described it.

The reasons to play this game are different from those of erotic asphyxiation. Steve Field, chairman of the Royal College of General Practitioners in London, claims that children and teens try the game mainly "to get a high without taking drugs." Children "aren't playing this game for sexual gratification."  It is frequently confused with erotic asphyxiation, which is oxygen deprivation for sexual arousal.  Unlike erotic asphyxiation, adults usually don't play this game. 

## Dangers and effects 
The brain will take permanent damage, if it doesn't get enough oxygen.  The first effects occur within minutes. 

In the United States, and in France, where it is known as "jeu de foulard", this practice has caused several deaths. The CDC has identified 82 victims aged between 6 and 19 years, who died as a result of this practice, between 1995 and 2007.

Most of the sensations felt are:

* bright dots in the field of vision
* tinnitus
* sensation of floating or flying
* tingling sensation in the limbs, often accompanied by a feeling of heat
* vertigo, and a reduced sensation of consciousness
* sudden loss of consciousness
According to Françoise Cochet, successfully preventing children from playing is to not only telling them that playing the game is dangerous, but also telling them about the risks involved.

## Statistics 
The French government organised a conference on the subject, where experts from France and Belgium took part. Afterwards, a study was done, where 1012 children between 6 and 15 years of age, were questioned. The study found the following results:

* 63 % of the children know one of these games
* 26 % had seen someone playing, mainly at school
* one in ten has played the game
* The main reason for playing is to do the same thing as the other colleagues; other reasons are because it is funny, and interesting
* Most people who play are not aware of the risks
* Most of those who have never played know about the risks.

## Other websites 
* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Unintentional Deaths

* Games adolescents shouldn't Play (G.A.S.P)

## References
Sandy McCarthy

**Sandy McCarthy** (born June 15, 1972) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger who played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Calgary Flames, Tampa Bay Lightning, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins.

## Career statistics
## Transactions
*March 24, 1998 – Traded by the Calgary Flames, along with Calgary's 1998 3rd and 5th round draft choices, to the Tampa Bay Lightning in exchange for Jason Wiemer.
*March 20, 1999 – Traded by the Tampa Bay Lightning, along with Mikael Andersson, to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Colin Forbes and Philadelphia's 1999 4th round draft choice.
*March 14, 2000 – Traded by the Philadelphia Flyers to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for Kent Manderville.
*August 4, 2000 – Traded by the Carolina Hurricanes, along with Carolina's 2001 4th round draft choice, to the New York Rangers in exchange for Darren Langdon and Rob DiMaio.
*August 12, 2003 – Signed as a free agent with the Boston Bruins.
*March 9, 2004 – Claimed off waivers by the New York Rangers from the Boston Bruins.

## References
## Other websites
*
Farmer's Day

'''Farmers' Day''' is an annual celebration held to celebrate the national contributions of farmers and farmers in various countries. It occurs on December 23 in India.
Jason Doig

**Jason Nicholas Doig** (born January 29, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League with the Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, New York Rangers and the Washington Capitals.

## Championships and medals
*1993 Under-17 World Hockey Challenge, Team Quebec - Gold Medal
*1994 Under-18 Copa Mexico, Team Canada - Gold Medal
*1996 QMJHL President's Cup, Granby Predators
*1996 Memorial Cup Championship, Granby Predators
*1997 Under-20 World Junior Championship, Team Canada - Gold Medal
*2000 Calder Cup, Hartford Wolfpack
*2007 Spengler Cup, Team Canada - Silver Medal

## Honors and awards
*Under-17 MVP (1993)
*QMJHL All-Rookie Team (1994)
*Guy Lafleur Trophy (1996)
*Memorial Cup All-Star Team (1996)
*QMJHL All-Star Team (1997)

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
### International
## References
## Other websites
*
Benoît Gratton

**Benoît Jacques Joseph Gratton** (born December 28, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He is currently the head coach for Jonquière Marquis of the Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey (LNAH).

## Career statistics
## Awards and honours
## References
## Other websites
*
Songhua River

The **Songhua River** is one of the main rivers in China. It is about  long.

The river drains  of land, and has an annual discharge of .

## References
Philippe Audet

**Philippe Audet** (born June 4, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.

Audet was born in Ottawa, Ontario. As a youth, he played in the 1991 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Beauce, Quebec. He was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings 52nd overall in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft, later playing with that team in the National Hockey League.

## References
## Other websites
*
Frederic Deschênes

**Frederic "Freddie" Deschênes** (born January 12, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender.

## References
## Other websites
*
Vladislav Baláž

**Vladislav Baláž** (born January 28, 1984) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey player. He played in the Slovak Extraliga for HK Dukla Trenčín, MsHK Zilina and HKm Zvolen, as well as the Czech Extraliga for HC Litvínov.

## Other websites
*
Richard Stehlík

**Richard Stehlík** (born June 22, 1984) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey defenceman. Stehlik was selected by the Nashville Predators in the 3rd round (76th overall) of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. He would never play in the NHL.

Stehlík previously played for HK 36 Skalica, Sherbrooke Beavers, HK Dukla Trenčín, HC Sparta Praha and HC Vítkovice Steel.

He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2020.

## References
## Other websites
*
Frank Rochon

**Frank Rochon** (born April 18, 1953 in Laval, Quebec) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 255 games in the World Hockey Association.  He played for the  Chicago Cougars, Denver Spurs, Ottawa Civics and the Indianapolis Racers.

## References 
*
Pierre Pousse

**Pierre Pousse ** (born February 27, 1966) is a French former professional ice hockey player. He was a coach with the France national ice hockey team since 2004.

## International
Pousse competed for France in the 1988, 1992 and 1994 Winter Olympics. He also competed in the ice Hockey World Championships for France from 1992 to 1996.

## References
## Other websites
*
Paul Ritter (actor)

**Paul Ritter** (born **Simon Paul Adams**; 20 December 1966 – 5 April 2021) was an English stage and screen actor. His film roles included *Son of Rambow* (2007), *Quantum of Solace* (2008), *Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince* (2009), and *The Eagle* (2011), as well as television programmes including *Friday Night Dinner* (2011–2020), *Vera* (2011–2013), *No Offence* (2015–2018), *Cold Feet* (2017–2020), *Resistance* (2019), *Chernobyl* (2019), and *Belgravia* (2020).

Ritter was born Simon Paul Adams in Gravesend, Kent. He died of a brain tumour in Faversham, Kent at the age of 54 on 5 April 2021.

## References
Stupidity

]]
 
**Stupidity** usually refers to a lack of intelligence. People may also act in stupid ways because they don't know better or just don't have good common sense. Comedy often uses stock characters, that are stupid; very often these are called fools or idiots.
Hongbao

**Hóngbāo** () or **red envelope** is an envelope with money inside. In China, people give the envelope as a gift for special occasions. The red envelopes are most commonly given to children or single/unmarried adults during the Chinese New Year celebration, where Chinese families often gather together.

The red packet is also called “money warding off old age” (压岁钱; *yāsuì qián*) during Chinese New Year.

Outside of China, similar customs have been adopted or are traditional across parts of Southeast Asia and many other countries with a sizable ethnic Chinese population. In the mid-2010's, a digital equivalent to the practice emerged within messaging apps with mobile wallet systems.

## Origin of the hongbao 
According to Chinese legend, in ancient times there was a demon or evil fairy named *Suì* (祟). Legend says that Sui is totally black, except for its colorless, transparent hands. Sui—according to the said legend—appears every Chinese New Year’s eve and would touch a sleeping child’s head, causing mental illness.

This is why Chinese New Year celebration is practiced by staying up late during the new year’s eve, called *Shousui* or translated as “waiting for Sui”.

So, the elderly people started to thread coins with a red string, called *ya sui qian* or “money to suppress Sui”. The coins were given to children to entertain them, and to keep them awake to avoid *Sui*’s touch.

According to the same legend, eight noble fairies turned themselves into eight coins, protecting the children from *Sui.* Thus, the story spread and everyone started to follow the same practice to protect the children. Over the years, the *ya sui qian* was replaced with the red envelopes—the *hongbao.* 

## References
Biff McGuire

**William "Biff" McGuire** (October 25, 1926 – 2021) was an American actor. He was known for his stage roles as Woody in the 1960 revival of the musical ''Finian's Rainbow * and played King Arthur in one of the first national tours of *Camelot''.

McGuire starred in the episode "Number Seven, Hangman's Row" of the CBS anthology series, *Appointment with Adventure*. He also starred in the *Alfred Hitchcock Presents* episodes "The Gentleman From America" (1956), "The Hidden Thing" (1956), "Crackpot" (1957), and "Don't Interrupt" (1958, as Larry Templeton).

He died in 2021 at the age of 94.

## References
Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women

The **Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women** is a prison that is in Alabama, United States. It opened in 1942. 
It is a women's prison.

## References
Bhowani Junction (movie)

***Bhowani Junction*** is a 1956 American romantic adventure movie directed by George Cukor and was based on the 1954 novel of the same name by John Masters. It stars Ava Gardner, Stewart Granger, Bill Travers, Abraham Sofaer, Peter Illing, Freda Jackson, Lionel Jeffries, Neelo and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

## Other websites
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High German

**High German** is used for two different concepts:

* Standard German, the German that is usually written down. Standard German is spoken as a dialect, mostly in the North of Germany, around Hannover.
* High German languages, a number of dialects of German, mostly spoken in the South of Germany, in Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, northern Italy, Alsace, Lorraine, Luxembourg, and Belgium. They are noticeably different from standard German.
Twists of Fate

***Korowód*** or ***Twists of Fate*** is a 2007 Polish drama movie directed by Jerzy Stuhr and starring Kamil Mackowiak, Karolina Gorczyca, Katarzyna Maciag.

## Other websites
*
Serpico

***Serpico*** is a 1973 Italian American biographical crime movie directed by Sidney Lumet and was based on the novel of the same name by Peter Maas. It stars Al Pacino, Tony Roberts, Jack Kehoe, Allan Rich, Biff McGuire, Joseph Bova, James Tolkan, Judd Hirsch, F. Murray Abraham and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1974.

## Other websites
* 
* 
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Wrightbus

**Wrightbus** is a Northern Irish bus-making company. It was founded in 1946, by a man called Robert Wright. His son William Wright helped continue the bus company. In 2019, it was bought by British businessman Jo Bamford.

## Products
### Current models
 Wright StreetLite Bluewater bus station, in 2015]]
 Metro Volvo B5TL with Wright Gemini 3 bodywork in Belfast]]

#### Single-decker
* GB Hawk
* GB Kite
* StreetLite

#### Double-decker
* Gemini 3 
* StreetDeck

### Previous models
#### Single-decker 
 Dennis Dart with Wright Handybus bodywork in Wrexham in 2009]]
 with Wright Cityranger bodywork at Shudehill Interchange, Manchester in 2007]]
 and Downtown Express route]]

*Axcess-Floline 
*Axcess-Ultralow 
*Cadet 
*Cityranger 
*Commander 
*Consort 
*Contour 
*Crusader 
*Crusader 2 
*Eclipse Metro 
*Eclipse Urban, 2 and 3 
*Eclipse Fusion 
*Eclipse Commuter 
*Eclipse SchoolRun 
*Endeavour 
*Electrocity 
*Endurance 
*Fusion 
*Handybus 
*Liberator 
*Meridian 
*Nimbus
*Pathfinder 
*Pulsar 
*Renown 
*Royale 
*Solar 
*Solar Fusion 
*TT 
*StreetAir
*StreetCar 
*StreetVibe
*Urbanranger

#### Double-decker 
 Volvo B5LH with Wright SRM bodywork at Golders Green station in 2016]]

*Eclipse Gemini
*Eclipse Gemini 2
*Explorer
*Gemini 2
*Pulsar Gemini
*Pulsar Gemini HEV
*New Routemaster
*SRM

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Stephen Leather

**Stephen Leather** (born 25 October 1956) is a British author. He writes in the thriller genre. His works are published by Hodder & Stoughton. He began his writing career as a journalist, working for newspapers such *The Glasgow Herald*, *Daily Mirror*, *The Times*, *Daily Mail* and the *South China Morning Post* in Hong Kong. He has written for television shows such as ''London's Burning*, *The Knock* and *Murder in Mind''. 

Leather's 1992 novel *The Chinaman* was made into a movie, called *The Foreigner* (2017). It stars Jackie Chan and Pierce Brosnan.

Leather was born in Manchester. He grew up in Sale and Chorlton-cum-Hardy.

## References
## Other websites
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Nokia N95

The **Nokia N95** is a mobile phone developed for the Nokia N-series. It was announced in September 2006. It was released on March 31, 2007. Nokia N95 partnered for the black-colored 8GB release on 24 September 2007.

The Nokia N95 8GB was announced on 5 April, 2007. The Nokia N95 8GB has a black skin, partnered with two camera and a swipe-able keyboard, which was released on 24 September and 25 September 2007. 

According to Nokia Tablet Congress, on 8 January 2008, the Nokia N95 has had 1,000 awards.

## History 
Nokia N93, which was made for Nokia N-series version, developed on September 5th, 2006 at the Nokia Tablet Congress Center four days after that,  it was launched. On 25 September 2006, Nokia N95 partners announced the new features for phones. 

After that, Nokia N95 was awarded 105 awards for the mobile phone.

On 3 March 2006, it had 108 and 109 awards. The Nokia N95 released on 31 March 2007. Nokia's Corporation reach announced that Nokia N95 8GB can be released on 24 September 2007.

## Related pages 
* Nokia N90
* Nokia N93
* Nokia
* Mobile phone
Embarrassment

**Embarrassment** is a feeling that human beings can have.  It is an emotion.  Embarrassment is painful to feel.  People feel embarrassed if they think they might have done something bad or if they think they broke a social rule.

People can feel embarrassed even if they really did something good.  For example, sometimes people feel embarrassed when someone says something good about them. People who feel embarrassed may also smile or hide their faces.

## References
Catgirl

A **catgirl** (猫娘, ***nekomusume***) is a female anthropomorphic character with cat traits. Catgirls are often found in various fiction genres and in particular Japanese anime and manga. Catboys are the male counterparts to catgirls. Some catgirls or catboys can be seen wearing a french maid outfit. In late 2020, catboys gained more recognition as femboys became popularized by the app TikTok, with many of the femboys on the app donning feline accessories due to popular memes that encouraged them to "put on the cat ears" or promoted catboys in general.

## References
Rooqma Ray

**Rukma Ray** ( or **Rukma Ray**) is a Bengali Television actress who works primarily in TV soap operas. She is well known for playing the lead character of *Rajkumari Kiranmala* in *Kiranmala*. She has also played both supporting and lead roles in many soap operas and web series.

## Filmography
### Television
* *Kiranmala* (2014 - 2016)
 
* *Kundo Phuler Mala* (2017 - 2018)
* *Pratidaan* (2018)
* *Super Singer Junior Season 1* (Host) (2019)
* *Bagh Bondi Khela* (2020)
* *Khorkuto* (2020 - present)
* *Desher Maati* (2021 - present)
* Lalkuthi (2022)

### Web series
* *Rahasya Romancha* Season 3 (2020) on Hoichoi
* *Byomkesh* Season 6 (2021) on Hoichoi

## References
## Other websites 
*
Postal Reorganization Act

**The Postal Reorganization Act** is an American law signed by President Richard Nixon in 1970. The law takes the Post Office Department out of the Cabinet of the President and makes it an independent agency. This agency is the United States Postal Service.

## Background 
The Post Office had been struggling due to Congress. Because the department was a part of the government, Congress had to approve most things that happened to it. This made change to the Postal Office Department very slow, and this did not sit well with the Postal Unions. They wanted more change to improve the conditions of the Postal Workers, but Congress was too slow to bring in rapid change. The unions worked with Congress and the president to create a better system. The Postal Reorganization Act was the final product of this work.

## Details 
One of the changes was the business goal of the Postal Service. Now that they were an independent agency, they did not receive money from Congress, so they had to work to make money through the selling of stamps and shipping.

Another was their new way of choosing the Postmaster General. A Board of Governors is elected by the president, and these people are able to choose the Postmaster General.

The Post Office Department also changed their name to the United States Postal Service, and this is the same Postal Service that is delivering mail today.

## References 
# *The United States Postal Service: An American history*. (2020). Washington D.C.: U.S. Postal Service.

## Other websites 
* The Postal Reorganization Act (Original Statute)
Xiaomi Mi Note 2

The **Xiaomi Mi Note2** () is a smartphone made by Xiaomi Inc. It is part of Xiaomi's Mi Note Series smartphone line. It was released in November 2016.

## Specifications 
## References 
## Other websites
* Xiaomi Website
OnePlus 9

The **OnePlus 9** and **9 Pro** are Android-based smartphones made by OnePlus. They were shown to the public on March 23, 2021. The phones feature upgraded cameras made with Hasselblad.

## Notes
## References
Smuggler's Run 2

'''''Smuggler's Run 2: Hostile Territory***, simply known as ***Smuggler's Run 2'''*, is a racing video game. It is a sequel to original *Smuggler's Run*, released on PlayStation 2 and GameCube version release as *'''Smuggler's Run: Warzones'''''.
Ewa Farna

**Ewa Farna** (born 12 August 1993) is a Polish-Czech singer, actress, model, songwriter, dancer and television presenter. She released five Polish-language and four Czech-language studio albums, and received platinum and gold certifications for them, both in Poland and the Czech Republic. Farna is the youngest commercially successful singer in the Czech Republic. She was a judge on the *Czech&Slovak SuperStar* in 2013, the *X Factor* (Poland) in 2014, and is currently a judge on *Idol* (Poland)

## Biography 
Farna was born on August 12, 1993 in The Hague. He attended The Polish Elementary School Vendrynk, an art school for five years, and the Polish Gymnasium in Ceskšín. He also attended dance school and learned to play the piano. Farna first attracted attention after winning local talent competitions in both the Czech Republic and Poland in 2004. After being discovered by producer Leshek Wronka, she released her debut album M2ls mje vábec rád in 2006. followed by her Hug Deadline Award winner in 2006. Her second album, Ticho, which peaked at number two in the Czech Republic, and a Polish version of their debut album, Titled Sam on Sam, were released in 2007. After the tour, the DVD Blíz ke hvízdám became the best-selling music DVD in 2008. In early 2009, the In 2013, the Polish version of his second album was released as Cicho. Also, in 2010, in 2013, Ewa was included in an episode of "Hela w opalach."

His next album, Bui Virtuální, was released on October 26. The international tour also covered Poland and Slovakia. In 2010 the Polish album "EWakuacja" was released. The album received many awards, including the 2011 Viva Comet Awards for both singles and the entire album. The singles from "EWakuac" are "Ewakuacja", "Without Lez", and later in 2011, "Nie przegap". 2011 was the year of Eva’s 18th birthday. birthday concerts were held, one in the Czech Republic with a DVD "18 Live", and another in Poland with the DVD "Live, niezapomniany concert urodzinowy". In October 2013, Farna's big comeback with her album "(W) Inna?" caused confusion. Many misunderstood that the reference to the owner of the Farna car accident in 2012 was a "big mistake." In 2014, Evin's Czech single "Leporelo" was released along with the music video, and the song "Lesek" about its manager Lesek Wronka was released.

### Car crash 
On 22 May 2012, Ewa Farna crashed her car between the towns of Třinec and Vendryně. She suffered only minor scratches. According to a breath test she was driving under the influence of alcohol, with a blood alcohol content level less than 1‰. She had been celebrating the passing of her matura the day before and fell asleep behind the wheel. She blamed this on exhaustion caused by a week-long cram session before the exam.
Panthoibi Iratpa

**Panthoibi Iratpa** or **Panthoibi Eratpa** is a sacred festival dedicated to Panthoipi, the goddess of war, love and fertility in Meitei mythology and religion (Sanamahism). It is celebrated from the yearly datings according to the Meitei calendar. The timing usually coincides that of Durga Puja, the festival dedicated to Durga, the Hindu equivalent of Panthoibi. So, in Manipur, the two festivals are usually celebrated together by the Manipuri ethnicity. The Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple is one of the major sites for the festival in Northeast India.

## References
Oppo Neo

The **Oppo Neo** is the first phone in Oppo's Neo series. The phone was sold in two colors: white and black, for a price of €160.

## References
Imoinu Iratpa

**Imoinu Iratpa** or **Emoinu Eratpa** is a sacred religious festival dedicated to Imoinu, the goddess of wealth and prosperity in Meitei mythology and religion (Sanamahism). It falls on the 12th lunar day of the *"Waakching"* month of the Meitei calendar (Manipuri calendar). The festival is mainly celebrated by the Meitei ethnicity and other non-Meitei Sanamahists.

## References
Pixel 4

**Pixel 4** and **Pixel 4 XL** are Android smartphones from the Google Pixel product line. They next to the Pixel 3. The phones were announced on October 15, 2019. They were released in the United States on October 24, 2019.

## References
## Other websites
*
Wicket-keeper

directly behind the wicket.]]

In cricket, the **wicket-keeper** (sometimes called the **keeper**) is a player in the fielding team. The keeper's job is to guard the wicket which the batter is defending. Law 27 of *The Laws of Cricket* sets out the rules that apply to the wicket-keeper. The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding team permitted to wear gloves or external leg pads. The pads are the same as those worn by a batter, but the gloves are a different type, and Law 27 limits the amount of webbing they may have. The wicket-keeper must not distract or obstruct the batter. 

Law 27 also outlines the rules which apply to the keeper's position on the field, and to the movements the player is allowed to make. Essentially,  the keeper must remain behind the wicket until the ball reaches the batter or passes the wicket. The keeper can move, within certain limits, before the ball reaches the batter. For example, it is okay to move sideways if the ball is going past the stumps. One of the keeper's main tasks is to prevent byes, and he/she has to be in position to intercept a ball which passes the stumps as byes are extras in the batting team's total.

## References
Markovnikov's Rule

'''Markovnikov's rule** or **Markownikoff's rule''' started that in addition to polar reagent to unsymmetrical alkene the negative part of the polar reagent (Cl, OH, F etc) is attached to the carbon having the lowest number of hydrogen while the positive part of the polar reagent (H,Na,Mg,Al etc) is attached to the carbon having the highest number of hydrogen. The rule was postulated by Vladimir Markovnikov.

## Explanation 
From the above diagram, the reactant which is prop-1-ene which unsymmetrical alkene, it's reacting with Hydrobromic acid (Hydrogen Bromide) which is the polar reagent. When this hydrogen bromide dissociate it yield H+ and Br-. The positive part of this polar reagent (H+) is attached to the carbon in between the double bond with highest number of hydrogen while the negative part of this polar reagent (Br-) is attached to the carbon in between the double with the lowest number of hydrogen. It's usually go with addition reactant.

## Anti-Markovnikov's Rule 
Anti-Markovnikov's rule oppose Markovnikov's rule completely. It occur in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 

Anti-Markovnikov's rule started that in addition polar reagent to unsymmetrical alkene the positive part of the polar reagent is attached to the carbon in between the double with lowest number of hydrogen while the negative part of the polar reagent is attached to the carbon in between the double having the highest number of hydrogen. 

## References
Jumpin' Jack Flash (movie)

'''''Jumpin' Jack Flash''''' is a 1986 American comedy movie directed by first time director Penny Marshall. It stars Whoopi Goldberg, Stephen Collins, John Wood, Carol Kane, Peter Michael Goetz, Annie Potts, Jeroen Krabbé, Jonathan Pryce and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
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Legend (movie)

***Legend*** is a 1985 American British fantasy adventure movie directed by Ridley Scott and starring Tom Cruise, Tim Curry, Mia Sara, David Bennett, Alice Playten, Billy Berty, Cork Hubbert, Kiran Shah, Robert Picardo. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1987.

## Other websites
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*
Clue (movie)

***Clue*** is a 1985 American mystery comedy movie directed by first-time director Jonathan Lynn and was based on the board game *Cluedo*. It stars Tim Curry, Christopher Lloyd, Eileen Brennan, Madeline Kahn, Michael McKean, Martin Mull, Lesley Ann Warren, Lee Ving and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It did poorly at the box office, but has become a cult classic.

## Other websites
*