open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hera Hilmar

**Hera Hilmar** (born 27 December 1988) is an Icelandic movie and television actress.

## Personal life
Hilmar is the daughter of the film director Hilmar Oddsson and the actress Thorey Sigthorsdottir (Þórey Sigþórsdóttir). Her grandfather was the playwright and theater director Oddur Björnsson.

She graduated from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in 2011.

## Career
Hilmar was nominated for an Edda as Actress of the Year in a leading role in 2007 for her role in *The Quiet Storm*. Later she won the same award, twice, first in 2015 for her role as Eik in *Life in a Fishbowl*, and then in 2017 for her role as Anna in *The Oath*. She was also chosen as one of Europe's Shooting Stars at the Berlin International Film Festival in 2015, as well as winning a ‘special mention’ at the Zurich Film Festival for her role in *Life in a Fishbowl*.

She played Lillie Rowe, a 20-year-old nurse from a prominent Philadelphia family, in a period drama film *The Ottoman Lieutenant*.

In February 2017, Hilmar was cast in the lead role of Hester Shaw in Peter Jackson's film, based on the novel of the same name by Philip Reeve, *Mortal Engines*. Writer Philippa Boyens described Hilmar's audition via Skype was "flawless". She recounted the challenges. That film, as of 2021, is currently her last international film role before the coronavirus pandemic.

She starred in the Apple TV+ series *SEE* recently as Maghra, the wife of Baba Voss, a character played by Jason Momoa.

She signed on for two projects with the Icelandic Film Centre: a short film called *The Wish* and a film titled *Svar við bréfi Helgu*.

## Filmography 
## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Die Caufner-Schwestern

**Die Caufner-Schwestern** was a group of three singers founded in East Germany in 1977. The three sisters Juliane Albrecht (née Kaufner), Isa Kaufner and Irina Kaufner were the members of the group. The group mostly played disco music.

## Band history 
Even as children, the four sisters Iris, Juliane, Isa and Irina Kaufner sang at the same time together in Rostock. Juliane and Isa were taught to have better vocals from 1972 to 1973 and were members of the College Formation. The pieces of music *Dein und mein*, *Als ich nachher von dir ging* and *Vom Träumen* with Isa Caufner as solo singer were on the compilation LP *Examen in Musik*, published in 1973. Juliane Kaufner married the musician and later Amiga music producer Klaus-Peter "Biene" Albrecht. In 1976, the four sisters founded the vocal quartet *Caufner-Collection*. They were on the television show *Familien-Disko* in 1977. Iris Kaufner left the group. The band had to name itself *Caufner-Schwestern* instead.

## Discography 
### Singles 
* 1978: *Komm doch* / *Ich hab’ dich lieb* (Amiga)
* 1978: *Laß dieses „he“* / *Was nun* (Amiga)

### In compilations 
* 1982: *Man weiß ja nie* und *Ich bin ich* (Solo von Isa Caufner) auf *Hast du mich noch lieb?* (Amiga)

## Literature 
* Artikel in Melodie und Rhythmus 6/80 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Die Caufner-Schwestern on deutsche-mugge.de
Amiga (record label)

**Amiga** is a popular music record label in Germany. It used to be a record label of the East German state-owned music publisher VEB Deutsche Schallplatten before becoming a record label of the Bertelsmann Music Group in 1994.

In 1947, actor and singer Ernst Busch became allowed by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany to create a music publishing house, which was named Lied der Zeit GmbH ("Song of the Times"). This publishing company included the label Amiga. In the 1950s, Lied der Zeit became VEB Deutsche Schallplatten ("German Records"), a state-owned company that had a monopoly on making records. VEB Deutsche Schallplatten had multiple record labels, each for different genres; Amiga releases included folk, jazz, pop, rock, Schlager music, chanson, and children's music.

After East Germany and West Germany became one country, most of the public state enterprises that were from East Germany were taken into pieces or sold to private investors. The Amiga label and catalog were obtained by Bertelsmann Music Group in 1994, which then became part of Sony Music Entertainment in 2008.

Amiga's catalog has 2,200 albums and about 5,000 singles, or a total of 30,000 titles.

## Related pages 
* List of record labels

## References
## Books 
* 

## Other websites 
* Amiga Musik - Official Site of the Sony BMG label (in German)
* Amiga on Discogs
Ben Acton

**Benjamin Maxwell Ben Acton** (2 December 1927 &ndash; 10 July 2020) was an Australian ice hockey player. He competed in the 1960 Winter Olympics.

Acton died on 10 July 2020 in Queensland, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Ben Acton at Olympics.com.au
Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend

'''''Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend''''' is the debut mini-LP and second extended play (EP) by rock band Fall Out Boy. The album was released in 2003. Credits are Patrick Stump, Pete Wentz, Joe Trohman, Mike Pareskuwicz, T.J. Kunasch, Jared Logan.

## Tracklisting 
1. "Honorable Mention"

2. "Calm Before the Storm" (re-recorded on Take This to Your Grave)

3. "Switchblades and Infidelity" (originally from Project Rocket / Fall Out Boy)

4. "Pretty in Punk"

5. "Growing Up" (originally from Project Rocket / Fall Out Boy)

6. "The World's Not Waiting (For Five Tired Boys in a Broken Down Van)"

7. "Short, Fast, and Loud"

8. "Moving Pictures" (originally from Project Rocket / Fall Out Boy)

9. "Parker Lewis Can't Lose (But I'm Gunna Give It My Best Shot)"

## References
Grail (web browser)

**Grail** was a free web browser written in the Python programming language. It is open-source, meaning the source code is freely available. Development started in August 1995, with the first version (0.2) being released in November 1995. The last version (0.6) was released on April 1, 1999.

Unlike other web browsers of the time, web pages can use Python code in a similar way to JavaScript code.

It is thought **Grail** was named after Monty Python and the Holy Grail, a film by British comedy group Monty Python, similar to how Python was named after Monty Python.

## References
## Other websites
*
Automotive design

of a car]]
**Car design** is the process of determining how cars and other motor vehicles like trucks look and feel. Most cars are designed by a large group of people that usually includes artists and engineers.

## Design process 
Typically, cars are designed based on many sketches and drawings, along with computer-aided design models. When the design team is satisfied with the basic shape of the car, a life-size model is sculpted from clay. Details are added to the clay model, and its shape may be changed by a small amount.

Then, the interior design team designs the car's interior, making sure that it fits the needs of the customer. These needs include things like comfort and entertainment systems. High-end cars like luxury cars and supercars have fancy interiors and are designed for an enjoyable driving experience, while utility vehicles like vans have plain, rugged interiors designed to endure various types of cargo.

Other parts of the car, such as the chassis and engine, are designed primarily by engineers, as it is less important for these parts to look attractive than it is for them to work properly.

## History 
While most early cars were designed around usability rather than looks, that began to change when American businessman Alfred P. Sloan came up with the idea of changing a car's styling every year. This was done from the 1920s onward to keep cars looking "new" for each year they were sold, leaving customers unhappy with older models of the same car and increasing car sales in the United States. Sloan got this idea from bicycle companies.

After World War I, car companies in European countries focused on luxury, and companies called coachbuilders made bodies for luxury cars. Some of these bodies were customized for especially rich customers.

After World War II, the American economy grew and most American citizens were now able to afford cars. Because cars became more important in the United States, so did their styling, with the most famous American car designer being Harley Earl. The influence of car design would also grow massively in Europe, especially within France, Italy, and Germany.

## References
Dance, Dance

**Dance, Dance** may refer to:

* "Dance, Dance" (Fall Out Boy song), 2005
* "Dance, Dance" (Booty Luv song), 2008
* *Dance Dance* (movie), a 1987 movie by Babbar Subhash
* *Dance, Dance!*, a Wiggles album and DVD, 2016
Ripley County, Missouri

**Ripley County** is a county along the southern border of Missouri, United States. In 2020, 10,679 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Doniphan.

## References
Ozark County, Missouri

**Ozark County** is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Gainesville. In 2020, 8,553 people lived there.

## References
Gisella Donadoni

**Gisella Donadoni** (born 1968) is an Italian television presenter, journalist, and actress.  She was born in Bergamo, Italy. She began her career in 1994 as a news presenter on TV Bergamo. 

## Career 
Over the years she worked as a presenter and journalist on many shows on the RAI and Mediaset networks. Her first appearance as an actress was as Regina Sartori in the TV soap opera *Vivere* ("To live"). Her first appearance as a movie actress was in 2018 when she played the role of Angela Stefanelli in *Un nemico che ti vuole bene* ("An enemy who loves you”).

## References
## Other websites 
*
James F. Byrnes

**James Francis Byrnes** (; May 2, 1882 – April 9, 1972) was an American judge and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Byrnes once stood for Congress, doing so on a platform aimed at enhancing living standards in South Carolina. Amongst other measures, his platform called for improved conditions for textile mill workers, higher farm prices, and better public education. He was also the 104th Governor of South Carolina from 1951 through 1955. From 1945 through 1947, he was the United States Secretary of State during the Harry S. Truman presidency.

## References
Obazoa

**Obazoa** is a clade (a group of plants or animals that share an ancestor). It is a Unikont. Unikonts are one of the five superkingdoms in the classification of eukaryotes.

The Obazoa is made up of Breviatea, Apusomonadida and Opisthokonta. It does not include Amoebozoa, because that is a different clade. The connections between opisthokonts, breviates and apusomonads are not well known yet. Probably the Breviatea are the most basic of the three groups. RNA phylogenies (evolution clues) do not give much evidence that Obazoa is a clade. This could still mean Obazoa is from a very old ancestor, and there are not many clues left (because of its age).

## References
Holozoa

**Holozoa** is a group of creatures that includes animals, and some single-celled relatives of animals, which excludes fungi. *Holozoa* is also an old name for the tunicate genus *Distaplia*. Holozoa is a clade: a group of plants or animals with a common ancestor. It has all of the organisms close to animals.*

## Examples
An example of a well-known holozoan is the choanoflagellate, which looks like the cells of a sponge. *Proterospongia'' is an example of a choanoflagellate giving clues as to how sponges evolved.

## Evolution
The phylogenic tree shows how clades evolved into newer clades, which include Holozoa.

## Footnotes
## References
Gastrointestinal bleeding

**Gastrointestinal bleeding** (**GI bleed**), also known as **gastrointestinal hemorrhage**, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. 

When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, or black stool.

Small amounts of bleeding over a long time may cause iron-deficiency anemia resulting in feeling tired or heart-related chest pain. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, shortness of breath, pale skin, or passing out.

Sometimes in those with small amounts of bleeding no symptoms may be present.

## References
Puzzle globe

A **puzzle globe** (also called **jigsaw globe**, **globe puzzle**, **puzzle ball**, **puzzle sphere** or **spherical puzzle**) is a series of puzzle pieces that are a complete sphere or globe when put together. Puzzle globes usually have a substrate made of one piece that helps the puzzle pieces as they are put in place. In some puzzle globes, the substrate is made of steel and the puzzle pieces are magnetic, the magnetic attraction keeping pieces on the lower part of the sphere from falling off.

Like a two-dimensional jigsaw puzzle, a globe puzzle is often made of cardboard and the pieces put together make one layer. Most globe puzzles make things in the shape of a sphere, such as the Earth, the Moon, or historical globes of the Earth.

The logo of Wikipedia is a puzzle globe. It has characters from many different writing systems on it.

A jigsaw puzzle globe from the 1870s is in the collection of the Whipple Museum of the History of Science. It is a copy of an earlier one made in Germany.

## References
Joanna Barnes

**Joanna Barnes ** (November 15, 1934 &ndash; April 29, 2022) was an American actress, novelist and journalist. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her best known roles include Gloria Upson in the movie *Auntie Mame* (1958), which earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for New Star of the Year and as Jane in *Tarzan, the Ape Man* (1959).

Barnes died at her home in Sea Ranch, California on April 29, 2022 at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Speaking of Stories: Joanna Barnes bio
* Golden Globes: *Auntie Mame*
Bill Simpson

**Bill Simpson** (March 14, 1940 – December 16, 2019) was an American racecar driver and businessman. He was best known as a key figure in the racing safety business with his company Simpson Performance Products. He left Simpson Performance in a controversy surrounding Dale Earnhardt's death.

He was added into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2003. He was the author of the book *Racing Safely, Living Dangerously*, and its sequel, *Through the Fire*.

Simpson died of stroke-related problems in Indianapolis, Indiana on December 16, 2019 at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website for Impact Race Products
Rebecca Long-Bailey

**Rebecca Roseanne Long-Bailey** (born 22 September 1979) is a British Labour Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Salford and Eccles since the 2015 general election. 

She was the Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in Jeremy Corbyn's Shadow Cabinet from February 2017 to April 2020, losing the position when Keir Starmer became the leader of the party.

In January 2020, Long-Bailey announced her candidacy for Leader of the Labour Party in the 2020 leadership election. She came in second place with 135,218 votes, representing 27.6% of the total overall votes. The winner of the election was Keir Starmer.

Long-Bailey became Shadow Secretary of State for Education in Keir Starmer's Shadow Cabinet in April 2020. Keir Starmer later sacked her from the Shadow Cabinet in June 2020, saying she shared an article containing an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory. The claim came from an article retweeted by Long-Bailey that was an interview with English actress and Labour supporter Maxine Peake in *The Independent*.  In one line of the article Peake said "The tactics used by the police in America, kneeling on George Floyd's neck, that was learnt from seminars with Israeli secret services." Long-Bailey said that she shared the article because of Peake's significant achievements "and because the thrust of her argument is to stay in the Labour Party" but she did not endorse "all aspects of it".

## References
Chuy Bravo

**Chuy Bravo** (born **Jesús Melgoza**; December 7, 1956 – December 14, 2019) was a Mexican-American actor and comedian, best known as the sidekick of host Chelsea Handler on the talk show *Chelsea Lately* during its run from 2007 to 2014. He usually provided comedic relief to Handler's show, and was the topic of many of her jokes. He also appeared in some pornographic videos.

Bravo was born in Tangancícuaro, Michoacán, Mexico. He had dwarfism and was 4 feet 3 inches (130 cm) tall. Bravo died of a heart attack caused by gastrointestinal hemorrhage on December 14, 2019 in a Mexico City hospital at the age of 63.

## References
## Other websites
*
Greeley, Colorado

**Greeley** is the city that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Weld County, Colorado, United States. Greeley is in northern Colorado and is  north-northeast of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver.  

According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the population of the city is 108,795.

## References
2020 Israeli legislative election

**Legislative elections** for the 23rd Knesset was held in Israel on 2 March 2020. 

According to the relevant Basic Law, the elections were required to be held no later than the third Tuesday of the Hebrew month of Cheshvan four years after the previous elections, making the latest possible date 31 October 2023. 

However, due to the failed attempts to form a government by 11 December after the September elections, early elections were called, the third within a year.

On 20 April 2020, Benny Gantz and Benjamin Netanyahu announced that an agreement on a unity government had been reached following the election. The deal would involve both parties splitting power and Gantz and Netanyahu taking turns being prime minister. The deal says Gantz will be Vice Prime Minister until October 2021, by then he will become Prime Minister.

## References
Labor-Gesher

**Labor-Gesher** is a joint list of the Israeli Israeli Labor Party and Gesher parties for elections for the twenty-second Knesset. The list is jointly headed by Amir Peretz of the Israeli Labor Party and Orly Levy of the Gesher party.

## References
Jewish Home-National Union

The **Jewish Home-National Union** is a parliamentary faction represented in the Knesset.

## Leaders 
## References
New Right (Israel)

The **New Right** (, *HaYamin HeHadash*) is a right-wing political party in Israel, established in December 2018 by justice minister Ayelet Shaked and education minister Naftali Bennett.

Participating in the Bennett-Lapid Government.

## References
Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris

**Lawrence Sigmund Bittaker** (September 27, 1940 – December 13, 2019) and **Roy Lewis Norris** (February 5, 1948 – February 24, 2020), also known as the **Tool Box Killers**, were American serial killers and rapists who kidnapped, raped, tortured, and killed five teenage girls in Southern California over a period of five months in 1979.

Bittaker was in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Norris was born in Greeley, Colorado.

Norris accepted a plea bargain whereby he agreed to testify against Bittaker and was sentenced to life imprisonment on May 7, 1980, with possibility of parole after serving 30 years. He was incarcerated at Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego County, California. He died there on February 24, 2020 at the age of 72.

Bittaker was sentenced to death and was imprisoned at San Quentin State Prison in Marin County, California. He died in prison on December 13, 2019 at the age of 79.

Bittaker and Norris became known as the "Tool Box Killers" due to the fact the majority of instruments used to torture and murder their victims, such as pliers, ice picks, and sledgehammers, were items normally stored inside a household toolbox.

## References
Nitzan Horowitz

**Nitzan Horowitz** (; born 24 February 1965) is an Israeli politician. He is the head of the Meretz party and the Democratic Union. He previously was the chief U.S. correspondent and commentator for the Israeli News Company, known as Channel 2 News. 

In 2013, he ran for mayor of Tel Aviv. Before being elected to the Knesset, he was the Foreign Affairs commentator and head of the International desk at Hadashot 10, the news division of Channel 10. 

In June 2019, he won the Meretz leadership election, and currently serves as leader of the party.

## References
Elaine Hendrix

**Katherine Elaine Hendrix** (born December 28, 1970) is an American actress, model, producer, singer, dancer, and activist. She is known for her roles in the 1998 remake of *The Parent Trap*, *Inspector Gadget 2*, and the 2004 documentary movie *What the Bleep Do We Know!?*. She was born in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Rafi Peretz

**Rafael "Rafi" Peretz** (; born 7 January 1956) is an Israeli Orthodox rabbi and politician. He was born in Jerusalem.

Peretz was a brigadier general who was the Chief Military Rabbi of the Israel Defense Forces. He is currently leader of the Jewish Home party and a member of the Knesset for The Jewish Home–Tkuma alliance.

In 2019, he became Minister of Education in the Fourth Netanyahu Government. Since 17 May 2020 he has been minister of Jerusalem affairs in the Fifth Netanyahu Government.

From 2019 to 2021 Peretz was leader of The Jewish Home.

## References
Brian Keith

**Brian Keith** (born **Robert Alba Keith**, November 14, 1921 &ndash; June 24, 1997) was an American actor. His best known movie roles were in the Disney family movie *The Parent Trap* (1961), the comedy *The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming* (1966), and the adventure saga *The Wind and the Lion* (1975).

## References
The Darkness of the Morning

***The Darkness of the Morning*** is a novel by Gordon Parker.  It was published in 1975.  The novel is about coal miners in 19th-century England.  It follows the lives of fictional coal miners and their families through the great strike of 1844, the Crimean War, and the Hartley Colliery disaster of 1862.  The book was widely and positively reviewed. In 1978, it was re-published in English with commentary in Russian for school reading.

## References
Blue and White (political alliance)

**Blue and White** ( *Kaḥol Lavan*) is a centrist and liberal political alliance in Israel.

Participating in the Netanyahu-Gantz Government and the Bennett-Lapid Government.

## References
Democratic Union (Israel)

The **Democratic Union** () is a left-wing political alliance in Israel formed between Meretz, Israel Democratic Party, Labor defector Stav Shaffir, and the Green Movement that ran in the September 2019 Israeli legislative election.

## References
Amir Peretz

**Amir Peretz** (; born on 9 March 1952 in Boujad, Morocco) is an Israeli politician and trade unionist. He was the leader of the Labor Party, and as a member of the Knesset for the party.

In the 1980s he was mayor of Sderot.

Since 17 May 2020 he has been minister of economy in the Fifth Netanyahu Government.

## References
Yury Belyayev (footballer)

**Yury Ivanovich Belyayev** (; 2 April 1934 – 14 December 2019) was a Soviet football player and coach. He played in 111 matches for CSKA Moscow, scoring 52 goals. He was a member of the national team that won a gold medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

From 1974 to 1980, he coached in the Soviet Armed Forces.

In 1991, Belyayev was honored as a Merited Master of Sport by the Soviet Union.

On 14 December 2019, Belyayev died at the age of 85.

## References
MacOS Sierra

**macOS Sierra** (version 10.12) is the thirteenth major release of macOS (previously  from 2001 to 2012 and  from 2012 to 2016), Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh. It was the first version of the operating system issued under the June 2016 renaming as macOS. Sierra is named after the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California and Nevada.

## References
Pokki

**Pokki** is a free digital distribution platform and Windows Shell extension. It was made by SweetLabs, Inc. It gives computers running Windows a mobile app-like interface. It is available for Windows XP and later; the Windows 8 version takes over the Start screen to imitate a look and feel of the second generation Start menu in earlier versions of Windows.

Pokki is adware, according to Malwaretips.  Meanwhile, Sophos AV has said Pokki is "viruses and spyware". 

## History
Pokki first launched as a beta version in June 2011. Pokki's framework is built on Chromium, allowing developers to make desktop applications with normal internet languages, such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript.

In April 2012, Pokki launched the Pokki Store, a marketplace and app store for desktop apps for social networking services and social gaming apps. With the Pokki Store, users can browse, search, and download applications in various categories. Developers submit applications using the Pokki Developer Center.

In August 2012, Pokki finished being in the beta stage. It said it had 1 million monthly active users. It released the Pokki Menu, an app launcher for access, management, and discovery of its apps, and a notification center for real-time updates.

In October 2012, Pokki for Windows 8 was released as a free software download to bring back core things to the Windows Start menu that had been removed from Windows 8. It had about 1.5 million users as of January 2013.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gena Turgel

**Gena Turgel** (née **Goldfinger**; 1 February 1923 – 7 June 2018) was a Jewish Polish author, educator, and Holocaust survivor.

Her memoir, *I Light a Candle*, was published in 1987. She spent much of her life educating British school pupils about the Holocaust.

## References
Floppotron

The **Floppotron** is a musical instrument. It was made by Polish engineer Paweł Zadrożniak. It is made of a set of computer hardware that plays music together. The latest version, the Floppotron 2.0, has 64 floppy drives, eight hard drives, and two flatbed scanners.

## Development
### First version
The first version of the Floppotron was made in 2011. It is made of two floppy drives and an ATMega microcontroller. The sound is made by the magnetic head being moved by its stepper motor. The floppy drive's heads have be moved at the correct speed to make the correct sound.

The instrument became well known thanks to a video of the instrument on YouTube playing the Imperial March, which has more than 6 million views.

### 2.0 version
In 2016, Paweł Zadrożniak made a better version of the Floppotron, which has 64 floppy drives, 8 hard drives, and two flatbed scanners. Every column of eight floppy drives is controlled by an ATMega16 microcontroller, and the hard drives are controlled by two SMD MOSFETs that push and pull. The flatbed scanner head are controlled by Arduino Uno boards.

## How it works
Any device that has an electric motor can make sound. Scanners and floppy drives use stepper motors to move the head with sensors that scan an image, or read or write, onto a magnetic disk. The faster the motor, the higher the pitch of the sound the motor makes. Hard disks use a magnet and a coil to tilt the head. When voltage is supplied for long enough, the head speeds up and hits the bound, which makes the "drum hit” sound. Some of those songs are Queen's "Bohemian Rapsody", Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit", White Stripes's "Seven Nation Army", Eurythmics' "Sweet Dreams" and Michael Jackson's "Thriller".

## References
## Other websites
* Inventor Paweł Zadrożniak home page
Taree

**Taree** is a town on the Mid North Coast, New South Wales, Australia. Taree was colonized in 1831 by William Wynter. The name Taree is derived from "tareebit", a word from the native language Biripi word which means *tree by the river*, or more specifically, the Sandpaper Fig (*Ficus coronata*).

Taree has passenger trains to and from Sydney.

## References
Anthony Smith (producer)

'' in 1987]]
Professor **Anthony Smith** CBE (14 March 1938 &ndash; 28 November 2021) was a British broadcaster, author and academic. He was President of Magdalen College, Oxford, between 1988 and 2005. He worked for the Annan Committee on The Future of Broadcasting, and became engaged in the national debate which led to the foundation of the UK's Channel 4.

Smith died on 28 November 2021 in London from renal failure, aged 83.

## References
Lewis Wolpert

**Lewis Wolpert** CBE FRS FRSL FMedSci (19 October 1929 &ndash; 28 January 2021) was a South African-born British developmental biologist, author, and broadcaster. Wolpert was known for his work on the intracellular positional information that guides cellular development.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

Wolpert died at a hospital in London on 28 January 2021 from COVID-19, aged 91.

## Publications
*
*
* Paperback  First published 1992 by Faber & Faber, London.
*
*
*
*
* 

## References
2b2t

**2builders2tools** (**2b2t**) is one of the oldest and most notorious *Minecraft* multiplayer game servers. It is the oldest anarchy server in Minecraft. It was founded in December 2010 by an unknown owner known online as *Hausemaster*.

2b2t is a *Minecraft Java Edition* 1.21.4 server that operates on a map without any resets since its creation. The server's spawn area is notoriously damaged, reflecting its chaotic nature and lack of rules. Cheating, griefing, violence, and racism are common occurrences on 2b2t. The server gained popularity due to its anarchic and unpredictable nature.

As of October 2024, 2b2t is over 49,700 gigabytes in size and has had more than 821,220 unique players. The server has gained significant attention on YouTube, with numerous videos about it amassing millions of views.

## History
The *Minecraft* server 2b2t.org was founded in 2010 by an unknown owner, known online as *Hausemaster*. It was advertised on 4chan and Reddit. Members from different forums launched raids against each other and their work. YouTuber TheCampingRusher uploaded a YouTube video on June 1, 2016, where he played on 2b2t. This caused a conflict on the server known as "The Rusher War".  A queue to enter the server was soon added due to the massive influx of new players caused by the video's popularity. Players can also pay $20 to access a separate priority queue for a month.

Since its creation, the server gained attention from the news. Articles were created about 2b2t on *Kotaku, Vice, IGN, Newsweek* and *The Independent*. In the book *Master Builder 3.0 Advanced*, in April 2015, 2b2t was described as crazy, that it can get "outright wild," and that the server is a "nightmare wasteland." The book also stated that it is known as "online royalty" among *Minecraft* servers.

## Other websites
*Official Reddit page

## References
Fay Weldon

, 2008]]
**Fay Weldon**  (born **Franklin Birkinshaw**; 22 September 1931 – 4 January 2023) was a British author, essayist and playwright. Weldon's most known work is her novel *The Life and Loves of a She-Devil* (1983), which she wrote at the age of 52.

Weldon was born in Birmingham. She lived in New Zealand until the age of 15. She was married three times and had four children.

Weldon died on 4 January 2023, at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Jim Haynes

'' in 1988, with Andrea Dworkin and host Anthony Clare]]
**James Haynes** (10 November 1933 &ndash; 6 January 2021) was a British sociologist and writer. He was a former figure in the British "underground" and alternative/counter-culture scene of the 1960s. He was the founder of Edinburgh's Traverse Theatre, the paper *International Times* and the London Arts Lab in Drury Lane.

Haynes died on 6 January 2021 at his home in Paris, aged 87.

## References
Jerome L. Singer

**Jerome Laurence Singer** (February 6, 1924 &ndash; December 14, 2019) was an American psychologist. He was the Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the Yale School of Medicine. He was a fellow of the American Psychological Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the New York Academy of Sciences. He was known as "the father of daydreaming" due to his works about daydreaming.

Singer was born in New York City. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania. Singer died on December 14, 2019 at a hospital in New Haven, Connecticut at the age of 95.

## References
Tantric yoga

**Tantra yoga** is a spiritual philosophy of nonduality between the body and the world, and sensing the connection between the two.

## Related pages 
* Tantra
Jerome Kagan

**Jerome Kagan** (February 25, 1929 &ndash; May 10, 2021) was an American psychologist. He was the Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology, Emeritus at Harvard University, and co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute. He was one of the key pioneers of developmental psychology.

Kagan died on May 10, 2021 in Durham, North Carolina at the age of 92.

## References
Santa Clara

**Santa Clara** (Portuguese and Spanish for Saint Clare or Saint Clair) may refer to:

## Places
### Africa
* Santa-Clara (municipality) or Curoca, Angola
* Santa Clara, Gabon

### Asia
* Santa Clara, Santa Maria, Philippines
* Santa Clara, Santo Tomas, Batangas, Philippines

### Europe
* Santa Clara, Coimbra, Portugal
* Santa Clara (Lisbon), Portugal
* Santa Clara-a-Velha, Odemira, Portugal
* Santa Clara-a-Nova e Gomes Aires, Almodôvar, Portugal
* Santa Clara (Ponta Delgada), Azores
* Santa Clara Island (San Sebastian), Spain

### North and Central America
* Santa Clara, Corozal District, Belize
* Santa Clara Province, Cuba
** Santa Clara, Cuba
* Santa Clara, Consolación del Sur, Cuba
* Santa Clara, San Vicente, El Salvador
* Santa Clara La Laguna, Guatemala
* Santa Clara, Chiriquí, Panama
* Santa Clara, Coclé, Panama
* Santa Clara, Panamá Oeste, Panama
* Santa Clara, Durango, Mexico
* Santa Clara del Cobre, Mexico

#### United States
* Santa Clara, California
** Santa Clara County, California
** Santa Clara station (California)
** Santa Clara Valley, better known as "Silicon Valley"
** Santa Clara Valley AVA, a wine region
** Santa Clara University
** Mission Santa Clara de Asís, origin of the city and county
* Santa Clara station (VTA), San Jose, California
* Santa Clara River (California), north of Los Angeles
* Santa Clara River Valley
* Santa Clara station (Metrorail), Allapattah, Miami, Florida
* Santa Clara, New Mexico
* Santa Clara Indian Reservation, New Mexico
** Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico
* Santa Clara, New York
* Santa Clara, Eugene, Oregon
* Santa Clara, Texas
* Santa Clara, Utah
* Santa Clara River (Utah)
* Santa Clara Volcano, Utah

### South America
* Santa Clara, Jujuy, Argentina
* Santa Clara, La Rioja, Argentina
* Santa Clara do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
* Santa Clara d'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil
* Santa Clara Island, Chile

## Other uses
* Santa Clara (baseball club), a Cuban team from 1922 to 1941, known as the Leopards
* *Niña*, or *Santa Clara*, one of the three ships on Christopher Columbus's first voyage
* C.D. Santa Clara de El Salvador, a football club in Pasaquina, La Union
* C.D. Santa Clara, a football club in Santa Clara, Ponta Delgada, Azores
* , originally *Santa Clara*, a 15th-century ship
* *The Santa Clara*, a student newspaper of Santa Clara University, California
* Battle of Santa Clara, a 1958 conflict in Cuba

## Related pages
* 
* 
* Saint Clair (disambiguation)
* Saint Clare (disambiguation)
* St. Claire (disambiguation)
* Santa Clarita (disambiguation)
Paul Oestreicher

**Paul Oestreicher** (born 29 September 1931) is a German Anglican priest, Quaker, peace and human rights activist. He was born in Meiningen, Germany. He was a member of the General Synod of the Church of England from 1970-81 and 1995-97. From 1981 to 1985 he was Director of the Division of International Affairs of the British Council of Churches. He was a known critic of apartheid and the 1986 United States bombing of Libya.

## References
Singleton, New South Wales

**Singleton** is a town on the banks of the Hunter River, New South Wales, Australia. Singleton is  northwest of Sydney and  northwest of Newcastle. According to the 2016 Australian census, the estimated population number of the town was 13,214 people in the urban centres and localities.

## Transport 
Singleton railway station is a railway station on the Scone branch of the Hunter Line. There are six services to Newcastle on weekdays and four on weekends and public holidays. There are three services to Scone with one additional service to Muswellbrook on weekdays and two all to Scone on weekends and public holidays.

## References
Glide (API)

**Glide** is a  3D graphics API made by 3dfx Interactive for their *Voodoo Graphics* 3D accelerator cards. It was proprietary at first, then 3dfx later made it open source. It was only designed to draw graphics, mostly geometry and texture mapping, in data formats like those used in their cards. It was popular in the late 1990s because 3Dfx 3D accelerator cards were widely used,  but became obsolete because Microsoft's Direct3D got better, full OpenGL implementations from other graphics card vendors came out, and 3D hardware became more diverse.

## API 
Glide is based on the basic geometry and "world view" of OpenGL 1.1. That version of OpenGL is an API that has 336 calls, most of which were not of use to draw graphics for video games at the time. Glide was designed to only have the features that were of use to draw graphics for video games at the time. The allowed the API to be small enough to fully run using late-1990s hardware.

## Use in games 
Voodoo cards dominated the video game market during the last half of the 1990s because they ran fast and Glide was easy to use. The name Glide was chosen to reference OpenGL, which it was based on, while being different enough to not make trademark problems happen. 

## Glide wrappers and emulators 
Glide emulator development started in the late 1990s. Before 3dfx ended, the company tried very hard to stop these attempts, ending early emulation projects using legal threats. Before it ended and Nvidia bought its assets, 3dfx made the Glide API, and also the Voodoo 2 and Voodoo 3 specifications, open source.  It later became an open source project. No games released after 1999 only support Glide for 3D acceleration (Direct3D and OpenGL are used instead), but Glide emulation is still needed to run older games with hardware acceleration. Because the specifications and code are now open source, multiple emulators and wrappers are available that allow older games that use the Glide API to run on non-Voodoo hardware. Other projects, such as Glidos, allow even older games to use Glide.

## Related pages 
* Vulkan (API)
* 3dfx Interactive
* MiniGL
* Mantle (API), another low-level API

## References 
## Other websites 
* Glide SourceForge Project
* GLIDE programming manual
* Glide Wrappers List
* OpenGL Documentation
Kenning

A **kenning** is a phrase that describes a noun in metaphorical terms often in a form of imagery. It is often used in literature.

## Examples 
* Story keeper - book
* Web maker - spider
* Sky climber/Big rock - mountain
Adam Price

**Adam Price** (born 23 September 1968) is a Welsh politician. He is the leader of Plaid Cymru since 2018. He has sat in the National Assembly for Wales for Carmarthen East and Dinefwr. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Carmarthen East and Dinefwr constituency.

## References
Robert Winston

**Robert Maurice Lipson Winston, Baron Winston**  (born 15 July 1940) is a British professor, medical doctor, scientist, television presenter and Labour Party politician. In December 1995, he became Member of the House of Lords. He was born in London.

## References
## Other websites
*President of the BA, Biography at the British Association
*Another biography at the BA
*Age of the Sage: Robert Winston
Mikey Madison

**Mikey Madison** (born **Mikaela Madison Rosberg**; March 25, 1999) is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Anora in the 2024 movie *Anora*, which won her the Academy Award for Best Actress. Madison also starred as Max Fox on the FX television comedy series *Better Things* (2016–2022) and as Manson Family follower Susan Atkins (Sadie) in *Once Upon a Time ... in Hollywood* (2019). She also played Amber Freeman in *Scream* (2022). 

## Personal life
Madison was born in Los Angeles, California and grew up in the San Fernando Valley. She is Jewish.

Madison originally trained as a competitive horseback rider before switching to acting at age 14. She was homeschooled after the seventh grade.

## Career
Madison had her first acting role in 2012, appearing in the short movies *Retirement* and ''Pani's Box*. In 2014, after appearing in the short movie *Bound for Greatness*, she had her first role in a major movie, *Liza, Liza, Skies Are Grey*, which was not released until 2017.

In 2016, Madison began a starring role as Max Fox, a sullen teenager, in the FX comedy-drama series *Better Things* created by Louis C.K.. From 2017 to 2018, she guest starred in the Bravo dark comedy series *Imposters''.

Madison had her first popular role as Manson Family member Susan "Sadie" Atkins in Quentin Tarantino's movie *Once Upon a Time in Hollywood*. She also had a voice role in the animated black comedy movie *The Addams Family*. The following year, Madison was cast as Amber Freeman in *Scream*, the fifth movie of the *Scream* franchise.

In 2024, Madison starred as the main role as Anora, a stripper, in the Sean Baker movie *Anora* which premiered at the 2024 Cannes Film Festival. The movie won the Palme d'Or at the 2024 Cannes Film Festival. Madison won a BAFTA Award and an Academy Award for this role and was nominated for an Screen Actors Guild Award and a Golden Globe Award. This made her the first Gen Z winner in an acting category at the Academy Awards.

In March 2025, Madison was a guest host for the 50th season of *Saturday Night Live*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Naomi Long

**Naomi Rachel Long** (née **Johnston**; born 13 December 1971) is a Northern Irish politician. She has been leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland since 2016. She has again been a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Belfast East since 2020. She has also been minister of Justice in the government of Northern Ireland since 2020.

From 2010 to 2015 she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Westminster constituency of Belfast East. She was the second elected female Lord Mayor of Belfast from 2009 to 2010. 

In 2019, she was elected as the Alliance Party candidate for the European Parliament, becoming the first ever Alliance MEP.

## References
Bronco Horvath

**Bronco Joseph Horvath** (March 12, 1930 – December 17, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 434 games in the NHL between 1955 and 1968. Horvath played for New York Rangers, Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, Chicago Black Hawks, Toronto Maple Leafs and Minnesota North Stars. He was born in Port Colborne, Ontario.

Horvarth died on December 17, 2019 at the age of 89.

## References
Tunç Başaran

]]
**Tunç Başaran** (October 1, 1938 – December 18, 2019) was a Turkish screenwriter, movie director, movie producer and actor. He was born in Istanbul. In 1964 he directed his first feature *Survival*. By 1962, he had directed about 40 movies. He directed *Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde*, ''Don't Let Them Shoot the Kite* and *Piano Piano Kid''.

Başaran died on December 18, 2019 in Istanbul of soft-tissue sarcoma at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
Karin Balzer

**Karin Balzer** (née **Richert**, 5 June 1938 – 17 December 2019) was a East German hurdler. She competed in the 80 m hurdles event at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Olympics, and in the 100 m hurdles in 1972. She won a gold medal in 1964 and a bronze in 1972.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Zafar Chaudhry

**Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry** (Urdu: ظفر احمد چودھری;  19 August 1926 – 17 December 2019), , was a Pakistani human rights activist and an airline executive. He was the first Chief of Air Staff of Pakistan Air Force, appointed in 1972 until his resignation in 1974. He was born in Sialkot, Punjab in British India.

Chaudhry died on 17 December 2019 in Lahore of cardiac arrest at the age of 93.

## References
Filozoa

**Filozoa** is a clade (a group of plants or animals with a common ancestor) that is in the Opisthokonta clade. It includes animals, and their close single-celled relatives. These relatives are more closely related to animals than they are to fungi, and other Opisthokonts.

Three groups are in Filozoa: Filasterea, Choanoflagellatea, and Kingdom Animalia. Animalia is the most important one, which has all proper animals in it.

## Evolution 
The phylogenic tree (evolution tree) below shows how clades broke into newer clades. This includes Filozoa.

## References
Ibrahim Diarra

**Ibrahim Diarra** (25 May 1983 – 18 December 2019) was a French rugby union footballer. He played as a flanker for Castres. He was born in Paris. He made his international debut for France.

Diarra died on 18 December 2019 in Paris of a stroke at the age of 36.

## References
Constitution Party

**Constitution Party**, **Constitutional Party**, or **Constitutionalist Party** may refer to one of several political parties.

## Active parties 
* Constitution Party (Egypt), in Egypt
* Constitution Party (Estonia), or "Estonial United People's Party", in Estonia
* Constitution Party (United States), formerly "US Taxpayers Party", in the United States
* Constitutionalist Party of Iran, or "Iranian Constitutional Movement", a now-banned Iranian political party
* Constitutional Democratic Party, in the Russian Empire
* Constitutional Party (Malta), in Malta
* Constitutional Party (Spain), in Spain
* Constitutional Party (Uruguay), in Uruguay
* Constitutional Union (Morocco), in Morocco
* Constitutionalist Liberal Party, in Nicaragua 
* National Constitution Party, in Hungary
* New Constitution Party of Canada, an unregistered party in Canada
* Progressive Constitutionalist Party (Malta), in Malta
* Progressive Constitutionalist Party (Mexico), in Mexico
* Progressive Party (China), originally known as the Constitutionalist Party, in the Republic of China
* Zhi Xian Party (literally: "Constitution-Foremost Party of China"), in the People's Republic of China

## Historical parties 
* Constitution Party (United States, 1952), a former party in the United States
* Constitutional Union Party (United States), a pre-Civil War party in the United States

## Alternate names 
* Destour. or the "Constitutional Liberal Party", in Tunisia
* Junimea, a Romanian movement briefly active as the "Constitutional Party"
* Rikken Teiseitō or "Constitutional Imperial Rule Party", in Japan
* Rikken Kaishintō or "Constitutional Reform Party", in Japan
* Kenseitō or "Constitutional Party", in Japan
* Kensei Hontō or "Constitutional Main Party", in Japan
* Rikken Seiyūkai or "Constitutional Association of Political Friendship", in Japan
* Rikken Kokumintō or "Constitutional Nationalist Party", in Japan
* Rikken Dōshikai or "Constitutional Association of Allies", in Japan
* Kenseikai or "Constitutional Association", in Japan
* Rikken Minseitō or "Constitutional Democratic Party", in Japan
## Related pages 
* Constitutionalism
Peregrine Worsthorne

**Sir Peregrine Gerard Worsthorne** (22 December 1923 &ndash; 3 October 2020) was a British journalist, writer and broadcaster. Worsthorne spent the largest part of his career at the *Telegraph* newspaper titles, eventually becoming editor of *The Sunday Telegraph* for several years. He left the newspaper in 1997.

Worsthorne died on 3 October 2020 at his home in Buckinghamshire, aged 96.

## Writings
*Mary Wilson (et al.) (1977) *The Queen*, Penguin [contributor]
*Peregrine Worsthorne (1958) *Dare democracy disengage?*, Conservative Political Centre [pamphlet]
*Peregrine Worsthorne (1971) *The Socialist Myth*, Cassell
*Peregrine Worsthorne (1973) *Edwina Sandys*, Crane Kalman Gallery [exhibition catalogue introduction]
*Peregrine Worsthorne (1980) *Peregrinations: Selected pieces by Peregrine Worsthorne*, Weidenfeld & Nicolson
*Peregrine Worsthorne (1987) *By the Right*, Brophy Educational [selections from his Sunday Telegraph columns]
*Peregrine Worsthorne (1988) *The politics of manners and the uses of inequality: Autumn address*, Centre for Policy Studies [pamphlet]
*Peregrine Worsthorne (2004) *In Defence of Aristocracy* Harper Collins [published in paperback as *Democracy Needs Aristocracy* Perennial 2005]

## References
## Other websites
* KPIX-TV 1962 San Francisco interview of Worsthorne about U.S. political conventions.