open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
E.P. Thompson

**Edward Palmer Thompson** (3 February 1924 – 28 August 1993) was an English historian, writer, socialist and peace campaigner. He is best known today for his historical work on the radical movements in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, in particular *The Making of the English Working Class* (1963).

He was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain but left it in 1956 but still called himself a Marxist and was an active member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.

## References
Jeserik Pinto

**Jeserik Andreína Pinto Sequera** is a swimmer from Venezuela. Sequera competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was born on 21 March 1990.

## References
José Luis Sosa

* **José Luis Sosa** was a goalkeeper from Uruguay. He was born on 1 January 1956 and died on 10 October 2021. Sosa played for the Uruguay national football team five times. He was also part of Uruguay's 1983 Copa América Squad.

## References
Ruturaj Gaikwad

**Ruturaj Dashrat Gaikwad** is a cricketer from India. Gaikwad plays for the India national cricket team. He was born on January 31, 1997.

## References
Oswaldo Zea

**Oswaldo Zea** is a hurdler from Venezuela. Zea competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 25 April 1963.

## References
Sant'Ippolito

'''Sant'Ippolito'* is a *comune'' in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Marche region in Italy.

## References
Lucía Vaamonde

**Lucía Vaamonde** is a hurdler from Venezuela. Vaamonde competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. She was born on 13 December 1949.

## References
Héctor López

**Héctor López** is a middle-distance runner from Venezuela. López competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 13 September 1952.

## References
Víctor Patíñez

**Víctor Patíñez** is a sprinter from Venezuela. Patíñez competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born on 8 November 1949.

## References
Alberto Marchán

**Alberto Marchán** is a sprinter from Venezuela. Marchán competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 29 April 1947.

## References
Félix Mata

**Félix Mata** was a sprinter from Venezuela. Mata competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 30 January 1951 and died on 26 April 2018.

## References
Castiglione di Sicilia

**Castiglione di Sicilia** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Sicily region in Italy.

## Twin towns 
Castiglione di Sicilia is twinned with:
*  Killarney, Ireland
*  Tauves, France

## References
José Jacinto Hidalgo

**José Jacinto Hidalgo** was a sprinter from Venezuela. Hidalgo competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born on 4 January 1943 and died on 22 May 2020.

## References
Edgar Espinoza

**Edgar Espinoza** is a retired sports shooter from Venezuela. Espinoza competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics, 1968 Summer Olympics, and the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 13 July 1928.

## References
Juan Llabot

**Juan Llabot** was a sports shooter from Venezuela. Llabot competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born on 29 June 1912 and died on 13 November 1995.

## References
Juan Lavieri

**Juan Lavieri** is a sports shooter from Venezuela. Lavieri competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was born on 31 May 1938.

## References
Enrique Lucca

**Enrique Lucca** is a retired sports shooter from Venezuela. Lucca competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was born on 23 December 1923.

## References
Fantaye Sirak

**Fantaye Sirak** is a middle-distance runner from Ethiopia. Sirak competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics. She was born on 17 December 1963.

## References
Eurovision Dance Contest

The **Eurovision Dance Contest** was an international ballroom dancing competition which was organised by the European Broadcasting Union and the World DanceSport Federation. 

## Format 
Each country had one pair of dancers, each pair performing a dance in which the cultures of the individual countries could be showcased to the rest of Europe. In addition to being judged by a panel of dance experts, European audiences could cast their vote for their favourite couple via telephone or text messaging to determine winner of the competition. 

## 2007 Contest 
The **Eurovision Dance Contest 2007** was hosted in London, United Kingdom. Each couple performed two 1 minute 30 seconds dances: the first dance was a ballroom or Latin dance while the second was a freestyle dance. The event was hosted by Graham Norton and Claudia Winkleman. 

The viewers from each country (except for Greece, who used a jury) were able to vote for their favorite entries. The ten favorite entries from each countries televote were given a set of points, with 12 points going to the most voted entry and 1 point going to the 10th.

### Participants 
## 2008 Contest 
The **Eurovision Dance Contest 2008** was held in Glasgow, United Kingdom. Both Graham Norton and Claudia Winkleman returned as the hosts. 

All pairs had to include one professional and one celebrity dancer. Only one, 2 minute dance, was performed by each couple. A professional jury was introduced to the competition having approximate weight of 20% of the outcome, while the remaining 80% came from televoting. The jurors consisted of four experts from non-participating countries: Singapore, France, Germany and Slovenia. 

### Participants
Hareg Sidelil

**Hareg Sidelil** is a middle-distance runner from Ethiopia. Sidelil competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was born on 20 April 1981.

## References
Jacob Cornelius

**Jacob Cornelius** is a rower from USA. Cornelius competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was born on 2 October 1984.

## References
Rhacophorus exechopygus

The **spinybottom tree frog**, **Tramlap flying tree frog**, or **Tay Nguyen flying tree frog** (*Rhacophorus exechopygus*) is a frog.  It lives in Vietnam and in the Annamite Mountains in Laos, between  800 and 1400 meters above sea level. Scientists think it could also live in Cambodia.

## References
Brendan Cole

**Brendan Cole** (born April 23, 1976) is a New Zealand professional ballroom dancer. From 2003 to 2018, Cole was one of the professional dancers on *Strictly Come Dancing*.

From 2005 to 2009, he was a judge on the New Zealand version of *Dancing with the Stars*. In 2007, he represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Dance Contest alongside Camilla Dallerup. 

## Personal life 
In 2010, Cole married Zoe Hobbs, a British model, who gave birth to their first child on Christmas Day 2012. In March 2018, Zoe gave birth to a second child.

## Filmography 
## References
Rhacophorus subansiriensis

***Rhacophorus subansiriensis*** is a frog.  Scientists have seen it in one place in India: Lower Subansiri District in Arunachal Pradesh.

## First paper
*

## References
Celebrity Love Island

***Celebrity Love Island*** was a British reality television programme that was aired on ITV from May 16, 2005 and August 28, 2006. 

## Format 
Twelve single celebrities were sent to an island in Fiji in the hope of finding love. Viewers would vote for the couple they would like to see in the "love shack" where the two would get to know one another better. In the first series, each week viewers voted celebrities off the island, but in the second, the inhabitants had the final say. The identities of those being kicked out were revealed in the elimination episodes. The prize for the final couple left standing was £50,000 each. 

## Seasons 
### Season 1 
The first series was broadcast in 2005. Many viewers criticised the show and it was seen as a rival for Channel 4's Big Brother. The show was presented by Patrick Kielty and Kelly Brook. Jayde Middlemiss and Fran Cosgrave won the series.

### Season 2 
Season 2 was broadcast in 2006. It was announced in late May 2006 that Fearne Cotton would be Kielty's new co-host.

## Cancellation 
The show was cancelled after just two seasons. In 2015, a non-celebrity version was made by ITV named Love Island.
Schœnau

**Schœnau** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.

## References
Schœnenbourg

**Schœnenbourg** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.

## Sights 
* Ouvrage Schoenenbourg, a Maginot Line fortification

## References
Johnny Gargano

**Jonathan Anthony Nicholas "Johnny" Gargano** They went on tp win the WWE Tag Team Championship twice.

## Championships and accomplishments
]]
* **Absolute Intense Wrestling**
** AIW Absolute Championship (1 time)
** AIW Intense Championship (2 times)
** Gauntlet for the Gold (2012)
** Jack of All Trios (2010) – with Flip Kendrick and Louis Lyndon
***CBS Sports**
**Feud of the Year (2018) 
** Feud of the Year (2019) 
** Match of the Year (2019) 
* **Chikara**
** Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas (2 times) – with Chuck Taylor
** The Countdown Showdown (2010)
* **Cleveland All–Pro Wrestling**
** CAPW Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **DDT Pro-Wrestling**
** Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship (1 time)
* **Dragon Gate USA/Evolve Wrestling**
** Evolve Tag Team Championship (1 time, first) – with Drew Galloway
** Open the Freedom Gate Championship (2 times)
** Open the United Gate Championship (1 time) – with Rich Swann
** CITIC Cup (2014)
** Evolve Tag Team Championship Tournament (2016) – with Drew Galloway
* **International Wrestling Cartel**
** IWC Super Indy Championship (1 time)
** IWC Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Michael Facade
* **Legacy Wrestling**
** Legacy Championship (1 time)
* ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
**Feud of the Year (2018) 
** Feud of the Year (2019) 
**Ranked No. 6 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the *PWI 500* in 2019
* **Pro Wrestling Ohio/Prime Wrestling**
** PWO/Prime Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
* **Smash Wrestling**
** Smash Wrestling Championship (1 time)
* **Sports Illustrated**
** Ranked No. 9 of the top 10 men's wrestlers in 2018 – tied with Tommaso Ciampa
* **Wrestling Cares Association**
** Race for the Ring Tournament (2014)
* ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
** Feud of the Year (2018) 
** Feud of the Year (2019) 
***WWE**
**WWE Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Tommaso Ciampa
**NXT North American Championship (3 times)
**NXT Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tommaso Ciampa
**First NXT Triple Crown Champion
**NXT Year-End Award (5 times)
***Match of the Year (2016) – 
***Match of the Year (2018) – 
***Match of the Year (2019) – 
***Rivalry of the Year (2018) 
***Rivalry of the Year (2019) 
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Interview with 411mania.com
Leopard 2

The **Leopard 2** is a German battle tank, or *tank* or main battle tank. It is a kind of third generation battle tank. It was developed by Kraussmaffei in the 1970s. The tank came into the military of West Germany in 1979 and replaced the Leopard 1 as the main battle tank of the west German army. 

The tanks produced up to the leopard 2A4 model, have a vertically faced turret armor.

The Leopard 1 is an earlier German main battle tank. 

## Militaries that are users
Various s of the Leopard 2 continues to be operated by armed forces of Germany, as well as 13 other European countries, and several other non-European countries, including Canada, Chile, Indonesia, and Singapore. Some of the countries that have Leopard 2, have a license to build their own Leopard 2 tanks. The Turkish army used Leopard 2 in Syria in 2023-24. The Ukrainian army used them in the Russian invasion.

## Related pages
*Russian invasion of Ukraine
*Cold War
*tanks
Independence Day (Bruce Springsteen song)

"**Independence Day**" is a 1980 song by Bruce Springsteen and is the fifth track from his fifth studio album *The River*. It was originally released as a B-side to his single *The River*.

## References
Boris Loginow

**Boris Loginow** is a retired sports shooter from Venezuela. Loginow competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born on 9 February 1935 and died on 17 October 2016.

## References
Francisco López

**Francisco López** is a table tennis player from Venezuela. López competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 19 September 1962.

## References
Zuleyma Cirimele

**Zuleyma Cirimele** is a softball player from Venezuela. Cirimele competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She was born on 26 May 1967.

## References
Diego Henao

**Diego Henao** is a swimmer from Venezuela. Henao competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was born on 17 August 1971.

## References
María Hung

**María Hung** is a swimmer from Venezuela. Hung competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. She was born on 8 June 1960.

## References
Julio Jesús de las Casas

**Julio Jesús de las Casas** is a sports shooter from Venezuela. Casas competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 12 April 1945.

## References
Motley Crew (song)

"**Motley Crew**" is a song by American rapper Post Malone. The song was released on July 9, 2021. The song was able to make it to #13 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and #3 on the *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. The title of the song is a reference to the American heavy metal band Mötley Crüe.

On July 8, 2021, a music video for the song was released. It was produced by Cole Bennett. In the video, Malone is driving around the Auto Club Speedway in Fontana, California. The music video features cameos from NASCAR drivers Bubba Wallace and Denny Hamlin, Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee, and rappers Saint Jhn, Tyla Yaweh, Tyga, Ty Dolla Sign, Big Sean, French Montana, and Pressa.

## References
## Other websites
*"Motley Crew" on YouTube
Olli Lehtinen

**Olli Lehtinen** was a boxer from Finland. Lehtinen competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was born on 27 May 1915.

## References
Ross Haywood

**Ross Haywood** is a long-distance runner from Australia. Haywood competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born on 18 February 1947.

## References
Christine Barnetson

**Christine P. Barnetson** was a swimmer from Australia. Barnetson competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. She was born on 5 March 1948 and died on 19 June 2019.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Lara Hooiveld

**Lara Maree Hooiveld** is a retired swimmer from Australia. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. She was born on 6 July 1971.

## References
Toivo Öhman

**Toivo Sture Öhman** is a retired diver from Sweden. Öhman competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born on 5 February 1933.

## References
Jesús Beltre

**Jesús Beltre** is a boxer from the Dominican Republic. Beltre competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 26 December 1964.

## References
Pedro Frias

**Pedro Frias** was a boxer from the Dominican Republic. Frias competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 23 December 1964 and died on 3 August 2013.

## References
Luiz Freitas

**Luiz Freitas** is a boxer from Brazil. Freitas competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was born on 3 August 1967.

## References
Rogério Dezorzi

**Rogério Dezorzi** is a boxer from Brazil. Dezorzi competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was born on 12 August 1966.

## References
Gösta Horn

**Gösta Horn** was a diver from Sweden. He competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born on 24 January 1907 and died on 10 December 1943.

## References
Susanne Wetteskog

**Susanne Wetteskog** is a retired diver from Sweden. Wetteskog competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics. She was born on 13 July 1958.

## References
Oscar Dose

**Oscar Dose** was a diver from Sweden. Dose competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born on 29 March 1901 and died on 13 October 1988.

## References
Agneta Henriksson

**Agneta Henriksson** is a retired diver from Sweden. Henriksson competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. She was born on 22 September 1952.

## References
Endry José Pinto

**Endry José Saavedra Pinto** is a boxer from Venezuela. Pinto competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He was born on 14 May 1991.

## References
Ann Linder

**Ann Linder** is a retired freestyle swimmer from Sweden. Linder competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was born on 9 June 1966.

## References
Felipe Pereyra

**Felipe Pereyra** was a boxer from Argentina. Pereyra competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born on 22 September 1942 and died in 2015.

## References
Pablo Hernández

**Pablo Hernández** is a gymnast from Cuba. Hernández competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born on 1 November 1944.

## References
Enrique Cubas

**Enrique Cubas** is a wrestler from Peru. Cubas competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was born on 21 March 1974.

## References
Yosmany Romero

**Yosmany Romero** is a wrestler from Cuba. Romero competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He was born 20 May 1976.

## References
Chris Fisher

**Christopher Fisher** is a middle-distance runner from Australia. Fisher competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 2 October 1949.

## References
Omar Haji Saad

**Omar Haji Saad** is a retired cyclist from Malaysia. Saad competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 12 October 1949.

## References
Johari Ramli

**Johari Ramli** is a retired cyclist from Malaysia. Ramli competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born on 20 March 1949.

## References
Shaheen Shah Afridi

**Shaheen Shah Afridi** (born 6 April 2000 in Khyber Agency, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) is a Pakistani cricketer. He is a left arm fast bowler who bats left-handed. In domestic first-class cricket, he has played for three teams between 2017/18 and 2022, but has since then played in limited overs cricket only. Shaheen has played for Lahore Qalandars in the Pakistan Super League since 2017/18, and has also played for other Twenty20 teams worldwide.

Shaheen has played in international cricket for Pakistan since 2018. In that year, he made his debuts in each of the Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) formats.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jackie Wilson Said (I'm in Heaven When You Smile)

"'''Jackie Wilson Said (I'm in Heaven When You Smile)'*" is a 1972 song by Northern Irish singer Van Morrison and is the leading single from his sixth studio album *Saint Dominic's Preview*. It went to number 61 in the United States and number 65 in Canada. It pays tribute to singer Jackie Wilson. It was covered by Dexys Midnight Runners in 1982 for their second studio album *Too-Rye-Ay'' and made number 5 in the United Kingdom, number 7 in Ireland, number 3 in Israel and number 67 in Australia.

## References
Navneet Dhaliwal

**Navneet Dhaliwal** is a cricketer from Canada. He plays for the Canada national cricket team. He was born on October 10, 1988.

His role is Batsman and he started his T20I debut with a match against Cayman Islands on August 18,2019.

## References 
## Other websites
Jörg Schramme

**Jörg Schramme** is a sailor from Germany. Schramme competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was born on 25 December 1951.

## References
Nicole Sassine

**Nicole Sassine** is a sprinter from Canada. Sassine was born on 24 November 1989. Sassine competed at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China.

## References 
## Other websites
Choy Mow Thim

**Choy Mow Thim** is a retired cyclist from Malaysia. Thim competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born on 29 May 1947.

## References
Nancy Boy

"**Nancy Boy**" is a 1997 song by British alternative rock band Placebo. It is the fourth single from their debut studio album *Placebo*. It went to number 4 in the United Kingdom, number 19 in Iceland and number 5 in Scotland.

## Track listings
**UK CD1 and Australasian CD single**
# "Nancy Boy" (radio edit)
# "Slackerbitch"
# "Bigmouth Strikes Again"
# "Hug Bubble" (remixed by Brad Wood)

**UK CD2**
# "Nancy Boy" (sex mix)
# "Eyesight to the Blind"
# "Swallow" (mixed by Desiner and U-Sheen)
# "Miss Moneypenny"

**UK 7-inch single**
:A. "Nancy Boy" (sex mix)
:B. "Slackerbitch"

**Japanese mini-album**
# "Nancy Boy" (radio edit)
# "Bruise Pristine" (radio edit)
# "Bigmouth Strikes Again"
# "Eyesight to the Blind"
# "Miss Moneypenny"
# "Swallow" (mixed by Desiner and U-Sheen)
# "Hug Bubble" (remixed by Brad Wood)

## References
Villefranche-sur-Saône

**Villefranche-sur-Saône** () is a commune. It is in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Rhône department in east France.

## References
Georgette Reed

**Georgette Reed** is a retired athlete from Canada. Reed competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. She was born on 26 January 1967.

## References
Jeannot Welter

**Jeannot Welter** was a boxer from Luxembourg. Welter competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born on 15 March 1928 and died on 22 December 1998.

## References
Humberto Galea

**Humberto Galea** is a sprinter from Venezuela. Galea competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 23 July 1950.

## References
Jules Steichen

**Jules Steichen** was a boxer from Luxembourg. Steichen competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born on 7 June 1902 and died on 4 August 1977.

## References
Shibrou Regassa

**Shibrou Regassa** is a middle-distance runner from Ethiopia. Regassa competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 9 August 1944.

## References
A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall

"'''A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall'*" is a 1963 song by Bob Dylan. It was taken from his second studio album *The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan*. It went to be covered by Joan Baez, Pete Seeger, Leon Russell and Bryan Ferry for his debut studio album *These Foolish Things''. It went to number 10 in the United Kingdom.
Bianca Gascoigne

**Bianca Jade Gascoigne** (born October 28, 1986) is an English glamour model and reality television personality. 

Gascoigne is the daughter of television personality Sheryl Gascoigne and the adopted daughter of former footballer Paul Gascoigne. She has a brother Mason and a half-brother Regan Gascoigne.

In 2006, Bianca Gascoigne won the second series of *Celebrity Love Island*. She is also well-known for being a contestant on season 19 of *Celebrity Big Brother* in 2017.
Audun-le-Tiche

**Audun-le-Tiche** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Moselle department in northeast France.

## References
Error (band)

**Error** (commonly stylised as **ERROR**) is a Hong Kong Cantopop boy band formed through ViuTV's reality talent show *Good Night Show - King Maker* in 2018. The group consists of 4 members: Leung Yip, Dee Ho, Denis Kwok, and Poki Ng. The group debuted on 2 December 2018 with the single "404".

## References
Muhammad Usman

**Muhammad Usman** (born 13 October 1985) is a former international cricketer who played for the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 38 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and 47 Twenty20 Internationals (T20s). A left-handed batter, he usually played in the middle of his team's batting order.

Although he was born in Lahore, Usman always represented the UAE in international cricket. He made his T20I debut for them in February 2016, playing against the Netherlands, and his ODI debut six months later, playing against Scotland. Usman made only five first-class appearances, all for the UAE. Most of his matches were List A or Twenty20 events. He played for a variety of franchise teams including the Dubai Lions and the Bengal Tigers. Usman announced his retirement from international cricket in June 2024.

## References
Stay (Maurice Williams song)

"**Stay**" is a 1960 song by Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs and topped the charts in the United States, number 14 in the United Kingdom and number 4 in New Zealand. It went on covered by The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Jackson Browne, Bruce Springsteen and Cyndi Lauper.

## Jackson Browne version
The Jackson Browne released a version for his fifth studio album *Running on Empty*. The song is a follow-up track to *The Load-Out*. It made number 20 in the United States, number 10 in New Zealand, number 12 in the United Kingdom, number 58 in Australia and number 19 in Canada.

## References
Love Island (2015 TV series)

***Love Island*** is a British reality television series. It is a revival of an earlier show *Celebrity Love Island*, but this time the contestants were normal people. 

It began in 2015 and is currently hosted by Maya Jama. Previous hosts include Caroline Flack and Laura Whitmore.

The show is about group of contestants, referred to as Islanders, living in a villa on an island, constantly under video surveillance. 

On the first day, the Islanders couple up for the first time based on first impressions, but over the duration of the series they must "re-couple" or choose to remain with their current partner. Any Islander who remains single after the re-coupling is eliminated from the game. Islanders can also be eliminated by the public vote. 

Sometimes, the Islanders will have to choose which one of them will be leaving. In the final, the public vote towards which couple they want to win the series and therefore take home £50,000.

The series has had very mixed reviews. It is one of the UK's most popular reality TV shows. However, the show has also received criticism from many people for potentially making viewers feel insecure about their bodies. There is also worry about the impacts contestants may face from appearing on the show.

Several contestants have become famous after appearing on the show, including Molly-Mae Hague, Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu, Laura Anderson, Wes Nelson and Gemma Owen.

## Series overview
## References
Space Cowboy (Jamiroquai song)

"**Space Cowboy**" is a 1994 song by English funk band Jamiroquai. It is the lead single from their second studio album *The Return of the Space Cowboy*. It went to number 17 in the United Kingdom, number 21 in Scotland, number 22 in France, number 6 in Italy, number 3 in Scotland and number 28 in Switzerland.

## Track listings
* **UK CD single**
# "Space Cowboy" – 3:36
# "Journey to Arnhemland" – 5:22
# "The Kids" – 5:01
# "Space Cowboy" (demo version) – 4:17

* **Europe 12-inch single**
# "Space Cowboy" (edit) – 3:46
# "Journey to Arnhemland" – 5:22
# "Space Cowboy (Stoned Again Mix)" – 6:32

* **US 12-inch single**
# "Space Cowboy" (album version) – 6:24
# "Space Cowboy" (instrumental) – 3:46
# "Space Cowboy" (radio edit) – 3:36
# "Space Cowboy" (Classic Club Remix) – 7:52
# "Space Cowboy" (Babinstrumental) – 6:45
# "Space Cowboy" (Classic Radio Remix) – 4:01

* **2006 digital EP**
# "Space Cowboy" (Mayhem & Musaphia Reconstruction Mix) – 8:50
# "Space Cowboy" (Mayhem & Musaphia Deep Dub) – 7:18

## References
Vietri sul Mare

**Vietri sul Mare** is a *comune* in the Province of Salerno in the Campania region in Italy. It is on the Amalfi Coast.

## References
Schwobsheim

**Schwobsheim** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.

## References
Wes Nelson

**Wesley Nelson** (born 18 March 1998) is an English reality TV personality and singer. In 2018, he appeared in the fourth series of the reality series *Love Island.*

After appearing on *Love Island*, he competed as a celebrity contestant on *Dancing on Ice*. He has also competed in other reality shows including *Celebrity X Factor*, *S.A.S: Who Dares Wins* and *The Games.*

Nelson is also a singer. In 2020, Nelson announced that he had signed a solo record deal with EMI Records. In September 2020, he released his debut single, "See Nobody".

## References
Cool for Cats (album)

***Cool for Cats*** is the second studio album by British band Squeeze. It was released on 4 April 1979 through A&M Records. It went to number 45 in the United Kingdom but did better in Australia where it peaked at number 18 on the charts.

## Track listing
All songs written by Chris Difford and Glenn Tilbrook except "Hop, Skip & Jump", by Difford and Jools Holland.
# "Slap and Tickle" – 4:00
# "Revue" – 2:30
# "Touching Me Touching You" – 2:25
# "It's Not Cricket" – 2:35
# "It's So Dirty" – 3:11
# "The Knack" – 4:34
# "Hop, Skip & Jump" – 2:46
# "Up the Junction" – 3:12
# "Hard to Find" – 3:37
# "Slightly Drunk" – 2:41
# "Goodbye Girl" – 3:08
# "Cool for Cats" – 3:39

### Bonus tracks (1997 reissue)
#"I Must Go" – 2:16
# "Ain't It Sad" – 3:29

### Bonus tracks (2007 Japanese remaster)
(Note: These bonus tracks precede the 1997 bonus tracks on the album.)
# "Saints Alive" – 2:30
# "All's Well" – 2:27
# "Christmas Day" – 3:53
# "Going Crazy" – 3:53
# "Blood and Guts" – 5:01

## References
The Circle

***The Circle*** is a reality television series which originated in the United Kingdom. 

The show is about a group of contestants who move into an apartment building, but do not meet face-to-face. Instead, they communicate through a voice-activated messaging system called "The Circle". Players can choose to be themselves or lie and pretend to be a fake person. 

Throughout the series, the players will "rate" each other. The two highest-rated players become "influencers" and get to choose someone to eliminate. During the finale, the contestants rate each other one final time, where the highest rated player wins the game and the cash prize. Some versions of the show also feature a "Fan Favourite" award in which viewers vote for their favourite player to receive to a smaller cash prize.

## International versions 
## References
Nicola McLean

**Nicola June McLean** (born 18 September 1981) is a British model and reality television personality. 

Due to being a successful model, McLean appeared on multiple reality TV shows including ''I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here* 2008 and also appeared *Celebrity Big Brother'' twice, in 2012 and 2017.

McLean is married to footballer Tom Williams and they have two sons. Her family is Scottish.

## Sources
Garik Kharlamov

**Garik (Bulldog) Kharlamov** (real name — **Igor Yuryevich Kharlamov**, ; born February 28, 1981, Moscow) is a Russian humorist, TV presenter, film and television actor, singer. Member and presenter of the Comedy Club TV project, former member of the KVN teams Moscow MAMI Team and Ungold Youth. In the past, he was the host of the reality show "Office", the program "Three Monkeys", the humorous projects "Bulldog Show" and "HB".

## References 
## Other websites 
* Официальный сайт Гарика Харламова
*
Villefranche-de-Lonchat

**Villefranche-de-Lonchat** () is a commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Dordogne department in southwest France.

## References
Villefranche-sur-Cher

**Villefranche-sur-Cher** is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Loir-et-Cher department in central France.

## References
Saulmory-Villefranche

**Saulmory-Villefranche** (before 2017: *Saulmory-et-Villefranche*) is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Meuse department in northeast France.

## References
Half the Man (Jamiroquai song)

"**Half the Man**" is a 1994 song by English funk band Jamiroquai and is the second single from their second studio album *The Return of the Space Cowboy*. It went to number 15 in the United Kingdom and number 20 in Scotland.

## Track listings 
* **UK CD single 1**
# "Half the Man" (Edit) – 3:35
# "Space Clav" – 4:56 (Written by – Gary Barnacle/Toby Smith/Stuart Zender)
# "Emergency on Planet Earth" (London Rican Mix) – 7:10
# "Half the Man" (Album Version) – 4:48

* **UK CD single 2**
# "Half the Man" (Edit) – 3:35
# "When You Gonna Learn (Didgeridoo)" – 3:48
# "Too Young to Die" (Edit) – 3:22
# "Blow Your Mind" (Edit) – 3:51

* **UK 12" vinyl**
# "Half the Man" (Edit) – 3:35
# "Emergency on Planet Earth" (London Rican Mix) – 7:10
# "Space Clav" – 4:56

## References
Bruno Mattiussi

**Bruno Mattiussi** (26 August 1926 – 23 June 1981) was a Luxembourgian boxer. He competed in the men's light middleweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Dudelange.

Mattiussi died on 23 June 1981 in Esch-sur-Alzette at the age of 54.

## References
Leander Vyvey

**Leander Vyvey** (born 21 Dec 1989) is a European actor and retired professional kite surfer.  He had national and international victories between 2007 and 2009. 

## Early life & Professional career 
Leander started his career as a professional kitesurfer, winning national and international competitions from 2007 to 2009. He was the Belgian Freestyle Champion and won the Super Grand Slam Kiteboard Pro World Cup in Italy in 2008.  His career included several serious accidents, such as a crash at Big Bay, South Africa, in 2007, and a major injury in Maui, Hawaii, in 2009 ending his involvement in the World Tour. Leander ran his pro center in Dakhla, Western Sahara and got involved in various kitesurf related businesses.  

In 2013, after an accident that left him unconscious, Vyvey made a surprising pivot to acting. He trained in London, and later at The Second City in Chicago. Leander made his acting debut in the feature film *Rescue Under Fire* in 2016 and has been working on various TV series and feature films since.  

## Personal life 
Leander is fluent in several languages and is passionate about ocean conservation. Despite his public career, he remains largely inactive in media endeavours, and little is known about his personal life.

## Filmography 
* Rescue Under Fire (2017)

* The Postcard Killings (2020)

* Before We Die (2021)

* Professor T (2021)
* Mijn Beste Slechtste Vriendin (2021-2022)

* Then You Run (2023)
* The Last Front (2024)

## References
Skimmer (spa)

A **skimmer** or **surface separator**  (separates a substance from the surface of a liquid), is an essential accessory for the maintenance and cleaning of the water in a swimming pool . It is used  to remove all the surface dirt floating on the water surface, such as leaves, tanning oil and human secretions. These impurities remain suspended on the surface, affect the appearance of the water and are not always removed by the conventional vacuuming process. The skimmer is installed directly in the surface water suction system and also has the function of controlling the water level to prevent accidental overflows.  In the United States and Portugal, the use of skimmers in the construction of swimming pools is mandatory, regulated and standardized by competent bodies.

## Drainage opening 
Typically, a skimmer draws water from the pool through a rectangular opening in the wall, at the top of the pool, connected through a device installed in one (or more) walls of the pool. The internal parts of the skimmer are accessed from the pool deck through a circular or rectangular cover, approximately one foot in diameter. If the pool's water pump is operational, it draws water from the pool through a hinged floating chute (which operates from a vertical position at a 90-degree angle to the pool, to prevent leaves and debris from being washed back into the pool by wave action), and down into a removable "skimmer basket", whose purpose is to catch leaves, dead insects and other larger floating debris.

## Types 
There are different types of skimmers that can be used for different purposes. The most common types of skimmers include:

* Manual Skimmers: These are basic skimmers that consist of a strong net strung on the end of a long pole. They are used to remove waste and pollutants from the surface of the water.
* Automatic Skimmers: These are the most common variety of skimmers and the one you will most likely see running in any given pool. They are installed at surface level and are designed to remove debris and contaminants from the surface of the water.
* Standalone Skimmers: These skimmers are designed to be used in conjunction with a pump and filter system. They are installed at surface level and are designed to remove debris and contaminants from the surface of the water

## Oil and grease on the surface 
The density of fresh water is 1,000 kilograms per cubic meter, while the density of seawater varies between 1,020 and 1,030 kilograms per cubic meter.  Oil is less dense than fresh water and seawater, so it floats in both types of water,  but due to the difference in density the oil and fat particles, dispersed in the water, will reach the surface more quickly in a saltwater or seawater pool,  being in both cases, "the only possible means" to remove them, to recirculate the water surface through skimmers .

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Recommender system

A **recommender system** is usually a computer system which makes suggestions to the user about how to do a task.

What they do is make suggestions rather than actually solve problems. One key objective is to make sure the user has considered standard issues in the domain of choice. By domain is meant subject or topic. It is a weakness of regular AI software that it is not good for problems which involve personal preference or choice. The key concept for a recommender system is "relevance".

It is already clear that many data bases have so much material that manual searches are bound to miss some important items. The first actual mention of the term "recommender system" was in a technical report as a "digital bookshelf" in 1990 by Jussi Karlgren at Columbia University.

## References
Igaraçu do Tietê

**Igaraçu do Tietê** is an Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo. In 2020, 24,749 people lived there and its area is 97.7 km². The elevation is 498 m.

## References
Vila Velha

**Vila Velha** (Portuguese for "Old Village") is an Brazilian city in the state of Espírito Santo. In 2020, 501,325 people lived there and its area is 210.23&nbsp;km².

Vila Velha is the oldest city in Espírito Santo. It was founded as **Vila do Espírito Santo** ("Village of the Holy Spirit") on 23 May 1535 by Vasco Fernandes Coutinho.
Nordingrå

**Nordingrå** is a locality in Kramfors Municipality in Västernorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 306 people lived there.

It is also a parish of about 50 villages, with about 1,500 people living there. Nordingrå is a part of the *Höga Kusten* (High Coast) World Heritage Site.

## Notable people 
* Arne Åhman (1925–2022), athlete

## References
List of newspapers in Azerbaijan

The following is a **list of newspapers in Azerbaijan**

There are around 3,500 newspapers being published in Azerbaijan. The vast majority of them are published in Azerbaijani. The remaining 130 are published in Russian (70), English (50) and other languages (Turkish, French, German, Arabic, Persian, Armenian, etc.).

Azerbaijani newspapers can be split into more serious-minded newspapers, usually referred to as broadsheets due to their large size, and sometimes known collectively as "the quality press". Less serious-minded newspapers are often in the smaller Berliner format.

Below is a list of important newspapers published in Azerbaijan.

## Newspapers
### Daily newspapers
:

### Non-daily newspapers
:

## Local newspapers in Azerbaijan
*Lankaran
***Lankaran*
*Nakhchivan
***Sharg Gapisi*
*Shaki
***Shaki*
***Shakinin Sasi*
*Sumgayit
***365 Gün*

## Specialist newspapers
### Sport
**Futbol+* – daily newspaper summarising the day's football news

### Other special interest
**Ədəbiyyat qəzeti* – monthly literary newspaper
**Qoroskop* – monthly newspaper aimed at horoscope followers
**Tumurcuq* – monthly newspaper for children

## Free newspapers in urban centres
**Birja* – weekly free newspaper of classified advertising

## Former newspapers
**Akinchi* (1875–1877) - weekly
**Bauer und Arbeiter* (1924) - weekly
**Çeşmə* (1991–1995)- daily.
**Dövran* (1997–2000) - weekly.
**Gündəlik Azərbaycan* (2005–2007) - daily.
**Istiglal* (1932–1934) - weekly
**Komanda* (2008–2014) - daily newspaper summarising football news
**Lenins Weg* (1932–1936) - weekly
**Müxalifət* (1991–2007) - daily
**Zerkalo* (1990–2014) - daily

## References
## Further reading
* 

## Other websites
*Newspapers List of Azerbaijan
Ninjago: Legacy of the Green Ninja

***Ninjago: Legacy of the Green Ninja*** is a second season of *Ninjago*. The series focuses on the ninja and their master trying to stop a supervillain called the Overlord from turning the city's people into evil characters.

## Plot 
The Dark Lord recruits the Serpentine by building the Destiny's Bounty into his own ship and calls it the Black Bounty. He merges the Golden Weapons into his mega weapon and ressurects Captain Soto's crew. The pirates head to Ninjago City, but they are defeated by the ninja. Eventullay, the Dark Lord escapes with the bounty.  They're attacked by hypnotized versions of themselves, but manage to slaughter the opponents. 

After a lot of episodes where The Dark Lord ressurects the Grundal and the Grundal gets destroyed, he finds himself with the voice of the Overlord. But how will the ninja defeat them?

The Green Ninja, also known as Lloyd Garmadon, holds a unique and enduring legacy in the world of *Ninjago*. As the central hero of the popular animated series, Lloyd begins his journey as a young, impulsive, and often misunderstood character. Initially portrayed as the son of the notorious villain Lord Garmadon, Lloyd struggles with his identity and the weight of his lineage. However, as he matures, Lloyd embraces his role as the Green Ninja, destined to protect Ninjago from various threats. His growth from a reckless child to a wise and compassionate leader is central to the *Ninjago* series, making him a symbol of personal transformation and the power of self-determination.

Lloyd’s legacy is deeply intertwined with the values of teamwork, perseverance, and inner strength. Throughout the series, he faces numerous challenges, both external and internal, but each obstacle helps him become a stronger, more capable individual. His ability to inspire those around him, particularly the other ninjas, plays a pivotal role in the team's success. As the Green Ninja, Lloyd is not only the physical embodiment of the elemental power of energy but also the spiritual anchor of the group, teaching his friends and viewers the importance of responsibility, loyalty, and fighting for what’s right. His growth mirrors the overarching theme of *Ninjago*—the idea that true strength comes not from defeating enemies but from mastering oneself.

Moreover, Lloyd’s influence extends beyond the *Ninjago* universe, as he has become an iconic figure in popular culture, inspiring younger audiences to believe in their own potential. His legacy is carried forward in numerous *Ninjago* films, books, and video games, where he continues to be a symbol of courage and resilience. In addition, Lloyd’s character challenges stereotypes, offering a refreshing portrayal of a hero who is neither perfect nor invincible but who rises to greatness through persistence and a willingness to learn from his mistakes. As the Green Ninja, Lloyd Garmadon’s legacy is one of growth, redemption, and the enduring power of friendship, making him a beloved and influential character for generations of fans.
Paolo Rondelli

**Paolo Rondelli** (born 17 June 1963) is a Sammarinese politician and diplomat who served as one of the two Captains Regent of San Marino alongside Oscar Mina from 1 April to 1 October 2022.

From 2007 to 2016, Rondelli was an ambassador from San Marino to the United States. He presented his credentials to President George W. Bush on July 25, 2007. 

In March 2022, he was elected to become one of the new two Captains Regent of San Marino by the Grand and General Council of San Marino. His term began in April and ended in October. This made him the first ever openly LGBT head of state.
Prince-bishop

was the Prince-Bishop of Augsburg]]
A **prince-bishop** is a type of monarch who reigns over a principality and is also a bishop or other high-ranking clergy member. 

They were very common in medieval Europe, especially in the Holy Roman Empire. From the 4th century onward, many bishops took control of cities and the surrounding areas. 

A prince-bishop was initially considered to be an elected monarch because the position was not hereditary and the successors of prince-bishops were chosen in the same way as an ordinary bishop.

The Holy Roman Empire had many prince-bishops, who controlled areas called "Prince-Bishoprics". After the fall of the Holy Roman Empire, the title began to fall out of use and it was officially abolished by the Pope in 1951.

The last prince-bishop in the world is currently Joan Enric Vives Sicília, who is one of the two Co-Princes of Andorra.
Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg

The **Prince Bishopric of Augsburg** was a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire, meaning it was a territory ruled by a prince-bishop. Its territory included a large portion of the Diocese of Augsburg, which the Prince-Bishop only had spiritual power over.

## History 
The prince-bishopric was established in the city of Augsburg and its surrounding territory in the 4th century. 

Around the year 888, Augsburg was granted Imperial Immediacy, a high rank given to a territory of the Holy Roman Empire with a high degree of autonomy.

In 1276, the City of Augsburg became a Free Imperial City, meaning that it was now separate from the rest of the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg. This meant that the capital of the Prince-Bishopric was changed to Dillingen an der Donau.

From 1632 to 1635, the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg was occupied by the Swedish Empire.

In 1803, as part of the German mediatisation, the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg became a part of Bavaria.
Rhacophorus indonesiensis

***Rhacophorus indonesiensis*** is a frog.  Scientists have seen it in Sumatra in India.

This frog looks like other frogs in *Rhacophorus* but it has black spots on the undersides of the webbed skin of its feet. It has no vomerine teeth in its jaws. It has a white mark on its belly in the shape of a kite. It back is red-brown with brown marks and black spots. It has white spots on its head and back. 

## References
In situ

**In situ** is a Latin term, which means *at the site*, or *in position*. It is used in different fields of science, with slightly different meanings. Examples include:

In medicine, it usually means *at the position where it is in the body*. When talking about cancer a **carcinoma in situ** is an early stage of cancer, that has not spread, and that is usually easy to treat.

In physics, an *in situ measurement* is a measurement in place.

In molecular biology in situ is short for in situ hybridization.

In chemistry it means that the (usually very reactive) mixture is directly used.

In archeology it means that the items are still at the position where they were found originally.
Alta Valle Intelvi

**Alta Valle Intelvi** is a *comune* in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy. It was created on 1 January 2017 from the former municipalities of Lanzo d'Intelvi, Pellio Intelvi and Ramponio Verna.

## References
Lanzo d'Intelvi

**Lanzo d&#39;Intelvi** was a *comune* in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy. On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Lanzo d'Intelvi, Pellio Intelvi and Ramponio Verna merged to form the new municipality of Alta Valle Intelvi.

## References
Cadegliano-Viconago

**Cadegliano-Viconago** is a *comune* in the Province of Varese in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## References
Valganna

**Valganna** is a *comune* in the Province of Varese in the Lombardy region in Italy.

Lago di Ghirla and Lago di Ganna are in the municipality.

## References
Villefranche, Gers

**Villefranche** is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France. Today, it is a rural community. 138 people lived there in 2020. It started as a bastide in the 13th century. Unlike other bastides, the houses were built of clay.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Gers department
Civate

**Civate** is a *comune* in the Province of Lecco in the Lombardy region in Italy. Lago di Annone is on its borders.

## References
Arcisate

**Arcisate** is a *comune* in the Province of Varese, in the Lombardy region in northern Italy. The famous Arcisate Treasure of Roman silverware was found in the town in the nineteenth century. It is in the British Museum.

## References
Trafford Centre

The **Trafford Centre** is a large indoor shopping centre and entertainment complex in Urmston, Greater Manchester. It opened in 1998 and is third largest in the United Kingdom by retail space.  The site was owned by the Manchester Ship Canal Company. The centre was developed by the Peel Group. It was sold to Capital Shopping Centres, later to become Intu, in 2011 for £1.65 billion setting a record as the most expensive single property sale in British history.  Intu lost money and went into administration in June 2020

In 2011 the Trafford Centre had Europe's largest food court and the UK's busiest cinema.

In 2020 a Manchester Metrolink line to the centre was opened. 

## References