open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Appeal

In law, an **appeal** is how legal cases are reviewed. An appeal is made to a higher court than the one that made the initial judgment. This is usually an appeals court. The person pursuing an appeal is called an **appellant**.

When a lower court judgement is filed, the losing party (appellant) must file a notice of appeal. The appellant must give the appeals court legal reasons for reversing the decision of the lower court. Usually the legal argument includes legal precedents that relate to this case. The other party, called a respondent or appellee files a brief that counters the claims of the appellant. In turn, the appellant may counter the response of the appellee with a final brief. Then, if the appeals court agrees to hear the case each party argues their case before the court. The appeals court may sustain the original court ruling. They may also reverse the decision sending it back to the lower court. No new evidence is introduced in an appeals court.

## References
Get Your Heart On!

***Get Your Heart On!*** is the fourth studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. *Get Your Heart On!* was released on June 21, 2011 through both Atlantic and Lava. It was also released on 17 June 2011 in countries like Australia and the Netherlands.

The album peaked at #52 on the *Billboard* 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

The album featured the singles "Can't Keep My Hands off You", "Jet Lag", "Astronaut", and "Summer Paradise".

Tracklist:

01. You Suck At Love {03:11}

02. Can’t Keep My Hands Off You (ft. Rivers Cuomo) {03:21}

03. Jet Lag (ft. Natasha Bedingfield) {03:25}

04. Astronaut {03:41}

05. Loser Of The Year {03:26}

06. Anywhere Else But Here {03:43}

07. Freaking Me Out (ft. Alex Gaskarth) {03:07}

08. Summer Paradise {03:54}

09. Gone Too Soon {03:16}

10. Last One Standing {03:27}

11. This Song Saved My Life {03:12}

12. Never Should Have Let You Go {04:23}

13. Ordinary Life {03:25}

14. The Rest Of Us {03:14}

15. Outta My System {03:25}

16. Fire In My Heart {03:26}

17. In {03:42}

18. Lucky One {03:50}

19. Try {03:26}

20. Loser Of The Year (Acoustic Version) {03:50}

## Songs
## References
## Other websites
*
Festival Song

"**Festival Song**" is the fourth and last single single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's album *Good Charlotte*. The song was released in 2001. 

Joel Madden  of Good Charlotte said that the song was about the HFStival, which is a rock festival. He explained:
"I grew up coming to the HFStival. . . I wrote this song about being here, how we wanted to quit our jobs to be in a band. We have all our friends, the fans and the radio support right here."

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Mexicana de Aviacion

at O'Hare International Airport.]]
**Mexicana de Aviacion** was one of the largest airlines of Mexico. It was one of the oldest airlines in the world. It began flying in 1921. It stopped flying in August 2010.

## History
Mexicana began in 1921 at Tampico. At first, it only carried mail. By the early 1930s, Mexicana was almost entirely owned by Pan American World Airways. In the late 1920s, Mexicana started flying to airports in Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador and Guatemala. Mexicana was also the first  airline to begin flights to Los Angeles International Airport.

By the 1960s, Mexicana's main competitor was Aeroméxico. Mexicana almost went into bankruptcy. Mexicana got its first Boeing 727 in 1969. However, two of its Boeing 727s crashed in 1969. The accidents killed some people.

In the 1990s, Aeroméxico and Mexicana formed an agreement. Mexicana started flying the Airbus A320 family in 1991.

Mexicana kept growing. It eventually became one of the largest airlines in North America. In August 2010, Mexicana filed for bankruptcy. The company ended a few weeks later. Mexicana has never flown since then.

## References
Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous

***Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous*** is an American television series. The show ran from March 31, 1984 until September 2, 1995. It was created by Alfred M. "Al" Masini. The show featured the lifestyles of rich and famous celebrities.

The show was hosted by Robin Leach. After Leach was joined by Shari Belafonte in 1994, the show was renamed to ***Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte***. The show ended with Leach's catchphrase "champagne wishes and caviar dreams." David Greenspan narrated most of the segments for the show's run and he could be heard narrating when Leach did not appear on camera.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Burlington Coat Factory

**Burlington Coat Factory** is a coat factory/store/warehouse established in 1924. It was called "Burlington Coat/Fine Clothing Factory Warehouse for the Entire Family" in 1924-1984 and "The Original Burlington Coat Factory" in 1984-2011.

It is an American national off price retailer, with 523 stores in 44 states and Puerto Rico, with its corporate headquarters in Burlington Township, New Jersey.

File:BurlingtonCoatFactorystore.jpg|1924-1984
File:BurlingtonPNG.PNG|1984-2011
File:Burlington Stores logo.png|2014 - 

## Other websites
Kuwait Airways

**Kuwait Airways** is Kuwait's national airline. It began in 1954. It has grown very fast. It is one of the largest airlines in the Middle East. It flies to 42 cities in different countries.

Kuwait Airways has 22 aircraft (with 4 more on order). The average age of their aircraft is 17.4 years.

## References
Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous (song)

"**Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous**" is the first single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's second studio album, *The Young and the Hopeless*. The song was released in September 6, 2002.

On the *Billboard* charts, the song was able to peak at #20 on the Hot 100 and #6 on the Top 40 Mainstream.

In 2003, the song won a MTV Video Music Award for "Viewer's Choice". It was also the winner of a Kerrang! Award for Best Single.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
The Anthem

"**The Anthem**" is the second single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's second studio album, *The Young and the Hopeless*. The song was released in January 2003.

On the *Billboard* charts, the song was able to peak at #43 on the Hot 100 and #10 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks.

In 2004, the song won "Best Rock Video" at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan.

The song has appeared on the soundtracks to the video games *Madden NFL 2003*, *Project Gotham Racing*, *Elite Beat Agents*, and the North American release of *Donkey Konga 2*.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
IC 342/Maffei Group

, near the galactic plane in Cassiopeia/Camelopardalis/Perseus constellations]]

The **IC 342/Maffei Group** (also known as the *IC 342 Group* or the *Maffei 1 Group*) is the nearest group of galaxies to the Local Group.  The group is basically a binary group. The member galaxies are mostly concentrated around either IC 342 or Maffei 1, which are the brightest galaxies in the group.  

The group, and the Local Group, are in the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster).

## References
Still Not Getting Any...

***Still Not Getting Any...*** is the second studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. *Still Not Getting Any...* was released on October 26, 2004 through both Atlantic and Lava.

The album peaked at #3 on the *Billboard* 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA, selling one million copies.

The album featured the singles "Welcome to My Life", "Shut Up!", "Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)", and "Crazy".

Tracklist:

01. Shut Up! {03:03}

02. Welcome To My Life {03:27}

03. Perfect World {03:51}

04. Thank You {02:54}

05. Me Against The World {03:12}

06. Crazy {03:37}

07. Jump {03:08}

08. Everytime {04:01}

09. Promise {03:32}

10. One {03:20}

11. Untitled (How Could This Happen To Me?) {04:00}

12. Don’t Wanna Think About You {03:26}

13. Crash And Burn {03:11}

14. Surrender {02:59}

15. I’d Do Anything (iTunes Live From Montreal) {04:06}

16. Welcome To My Life (Acoustic Version) {03:33}

## Songs
## References
## Other websites
*
Balas y Chocolate

***Balas y Chocolate*** () is the eighth studio album by Mexican latin singer Lila Downs. Released on March 24, 2015. It was going to be much darker than her earlier material, though it became an upbeat electronic-folk inspired album. The album features collaborations from Juan Gabriel and Juanes.  It reached the top of the charts in Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Spain and the United States. It also reached the top ten in other major markets.

## Track listing
## References
## Other websites
*
*Balas y Chocolate on iTunes.
Phil Lynott

, April 1980]]
**Philip Parris** "**Phil**" **Lynott** (20 August 1949 – 4 January 1986) was an Irish musician. He was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England and raised in Dublin, Ireland from age four. His mother was businesswoman Philomena Lynott. He was a bass guitar player and singer. He was the leader of the rock band Thin Lizzy.

Lynott started Thin Lizzy in 1969. He also made two solo albums in the early 1980s. Thin Lizzy were famous for their songs "The Boys Are Back in Town", "Waiting for an Alibi", "Whisky in the Jar" and "Jailbreak". Lynott also worked with Gary Moore.

Lynott had problems with drugs and alcohol in his final years. On 25 December 1985, he collapsed and went to a clinic in Wiltshire, England. He was diagnosed with septicaemia. He died of pneumonia and heart failure in Salisbury, Wiltshire on 4 January 1986. He was 36.

## References
## Other websites
*
Pan American World Airways

]]

**Pan American World Airways**, or **Pan Am**, was once the largest airline of the USA. The crash of Pan Am Flight 103 and several other factors led to the airline to stop flying in 1991.

## History
Pan Am was founded in 1926. Its first flights were from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba. During the 1920s and 1930s, Pan Am bought several smaller airlines in Central America and South America. These were bought to help Pan Am expand its flights throughout The Americas. Pan Am became the first airline to circumnavigate the world in 1942. By the 1950s, Pan Am had several larger airplanes like the Boeing 377, Douglas DC-6 and the Lockheed Constellation. It went to cities all across the world. In 1959, Pan Am bought its first jet - the Boeing 707. In 1970, Pan Am introduced its first widebody jet - the Boeing 747.
 Clipper]]
In 1980, Pan Am was combined with National Airlines. This was because Pan Am wanted to fly domestic flights and the government didn't allow it. When Pan Am bought National, it could finally fly domestically. In the 1980s, Pan Am started having many financial problems, having paid too much to buy National Airlines. Pan Am also spent too much money on the new Boeing 747s. The Gulf War of 1990 also caused many problems with Pan Am's transatlantic flights. Pan Am declared bankruptcy in January 1991. Delta Air Lines bought small parts of Pan Am and tried to help it. However, on December 4, 1991 Pan Am stopped flying due to the big financial problems. United Airlines got many of Pan Am's old flights. American Airlines got Pan Am's Miami hub. Pan Am was resurrected three times in 1996, 1998, and 2025. 

## References
## Other websites
*Pan Am Museum Foundation YouTube
Deltoid muscle

The **deltoid muscle** is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder. Electromyography suggests that it is at least seven groups that can be independently coordinated by the central nervous system.

## References
Lynn Borden

**Lynn Borden** (March 24, 1937 &ndash; March 3, 2015) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as "Barbara Baxter" in the final season of the Shirley Booth sitcom *Hazel*, which aired on CBS from 1965 to 1966 though the program began in 1961 on NBC.

Borden was born in Detroit. She died of an illness in Encino, Los Angeles.
Ernest Braun

**Ernest Braun** (9 March 1925 – 3 March 2015) was a British-Austrian scholar. He worked in technology policy and technology assessment.

## References
## Other websites
* E. Braun in the ISBN data base
* E. Braun on Google Scholar
Gimme Shelter

"**Gimme Shelter**" is a song by English rock band The Rolling Stones. It is the first song on their 1969 album, *Let It Bleed*. Merry Clayton sang for the song along with Mick Jagger. The song was released on 5 December 1969.

During a 1995 interview with *Rolling Stone*, Jagger said:

"Well, it's a very rough, very violent era. The Vietnam War. Violence on the screens, pillage and burning. And Vietnam was not war as we knew it in the conventional sense. The thing about Vietnam was that it wasn't like World War II, and it wasn't like Korea, and it wasn't like the Gulf War. It was a real nasty war, and people didn't like it. People objected, and people didn't want to fight it..."  As for the song itself, he concluded, "That's a kind of end-of-the-world song, really. It's apocalypse; the whole record's like that."

In 2004, the song was ranked #38 on "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list by *Rolling Stone*. It has also been ranked at #12 on "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s" list by Pitchfork Media.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dyan Cannon

**Dyan Cannon** (born **Samille Diane Friesen**; January 4, 1937) is an American actress, director, screenwriter, editor, and producer. She was known for her role as Alice in *Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice*.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Ninan Koshy

**Ninan Koshy** (; 1 February 1934 – 4 March 2015) was an Indian political thinker, foreign affairs expert, Christian theologian and social analyst. He was born in 1934 in Thiruvalla. He was a former director of the WCC's Commission of the Churches on International Affairs.

Koshy died in Thiruvananthapuram on 4 March 2015, aged 81.

## References
Vlada Divljan

**Vladimir "Vlada" Divljan** (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Дивљан; 10 May 1958 &ndash; 4 March 2015), was a Serbian singer and songwriter. He was known as the frontman for the Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band Idoli. He died from appendix cancer.

## Other websites
* 
* http://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=148545  "Ludvig i Steva", interview, Vreme weekly news magazine
* https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Vladimir+Divljan YouTube
* https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=vis+idoli VIS Idoli at YouTube
Smooth snake

The **smooth snake** (*Coronella austriaca*). is found in Britain, where it lives only in southern heathlands.

It is a non-venomous colubrid species found in northern and central Europe, and as far east as northern Iran. In contrast to many other snakes, their scales are flat (not keeled). This gives the snake a smooth texture to the touch, from which it gets its common name.

The smooth snake feeds on smaller animals, especially other reptiles.  It subdues larger prey by constriction, although unlike true constrictors it does not actually kill by this method.  It reproduces by laying eggs, which are buried in sand in a warm place.
Scientific Name: Coronella austriaca

Described by: Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in 1768

Subspecies: Two are recognized—C. a. austriaca (widespread) and C. a. acutirostris (restricted to Portugal).
## References
A La Carte Communications

**A La Carte Communications** is a television production company ed in 1990 by Natan Katzman and Geoffrey Drummond. A la Carte produced  Jeff Smith's *The Frugal Gourmet* cooking show. Other shows produced by the company included *Julia Child: Cooking with Master Chefs* and ''In Julia's Kitchen with Master Chefs''.

## References
Born to Be Wild

"**Born to Be Wild**" is the third single off Canadian-American rock group Steppenwolf's self-titled first studio album. The song was released in June 1968. 

On the *Billboard* charts, the song was able to peak at #2 on the Hot 100.

In 2004, the song was ranked #130 on the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list by *Rolling Stone*. It has also been ranked at #53 on the 100 Hard Rock Songs list by VH1. The song was first featured in the 1969 movie *Easy Rider* and has since been featured in many movies, trailers, TV shows and commercials. It was ranked #29 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of the top songs in American cinema.

## References
## Other websites
*
Neville Longbottom

**Neville Longbottom** is a fictional character in J. K. Rowling's *Harry Potter* book series. He is described as a round-faced Gryffindor student in the central character Harry Potter's year. Throughout the series, Neville is often portrayed as a bumbling and disorganised character, as well as a rather mediocre student— though he is highly gifted at herbology.

However, the character's personality appears to undergo a transition after he joins Dumbledore's Army in *Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince*. The encouragement he receives gives him confidence in his magical abilities, turning him into a more competent wizard. Eventually, Neville becomes the leader of Dumbledore's Army during Harry, Ron and Hermione's absence searching for Horcruxes.

Neville is instrumental in the downfall of Lord Voldemort and eventually destroys the final horcrux, which allows Harry to defeat The Dark Lord once and for all. Neville is portrayed in the movie adaptations by Matthew Lewis. He will be portrayed by Rory Wilmot in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max.

## References
Jim McCann (musician)

**James "Jim" McCann** (26 October 1944 – 5 March 2015) was an Irish entertainer and folk musician. Although a solo artist for most of his career, McCann was a member of the folk group the Dubliners from 1974 until 1979.

McCann's death was announced by his family on 5 March 2015. He had been battling throat cancer.

## References
Abe Pollin

**Abraham Pollin** (December 3, 1923 &ndash; November 24, 2009) was the owner of a number of professional sports teams including the Washington Capitals in the National Hockey League (NHL), the Washington Mystics in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and the Washington Wizards in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

## Other websites
*Wizards profile
*AISH profile
*Goldstein, Richard. "Abe Pollin, Team Owner and Philanthropist, Dies at 85," *The New York Times*, Wednesday, November 25, 2009.
Fred Craddock

**Fred Brenning Craddock, Jr.** (April 30, 1928 – March 6, 2015) was an American priest. He was the Bandy Distinguished Professor of Preaching and New Testament Emeritus in the Candler School of Theology at Emory University. He was an ordained minister of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) from rural Tennessee. He was the director of the Craddock Center, a non-profit service group which operates in rural Appalachia.

## References
Windell Middlebrooks

**Windell D. Middlebrooks** (January 8, 1979 – March 9, 2015) was an American movie and television actor. He was known for his roles in *Body of Proof* and *The Suite Life on Deck*.

## References
Ram Sundar Das

**Ram Sundar Das** (; 9 January 1921 – 6 March 2015) was an Indian politician and a former Chief Minister of Bihar state. He was a leader of the Janata Dal (United) political party. He was the Chief Minister of Bihar from 21 April 1979 to 17 February 1980. In 1991, he was elected to the 10th Lok Sabha from Hajipur constituency in Bihar.

## Other websites
*Chhote Saheb was a leader of the masses-former Bihar CM Ram Sundar Das
Vasilios Magginas

**Vasilios Magginas** (; 22 October 1949 – 6 March 2015) was a Greek politician. He was member of the Greek Parliament for the New Democracy for the Aetolia-Acarnania constituency and government minister.

## References
Gerardo Sofovich

**Gerardo Andrés Sofovich** (March 18, 1937 – March 8, 2015) was an Argentine businessman, dramaturge, TV host, actor, comedian, scriptwriter, and film director.

He was the producer *Polémica en el bar* and *La noche del Domingo*, two of the most popular Argentine television programs of the 1970s and '80s. Sofovich also hosted *A la manera de Sofovich* and *Sin Límite SMS*, broadcast on Canal 9.

## References
Edmond Malinvaud

**Edmond Malinvaud** (25 April 1923 – 7 March 2015) was a French economist. He was the first president of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1988.

## References
Neutral oxide

**Neutral oxides** are oxides which are neither acidic nor basic.  In other words, oxides which neither react with acids or with bases are called neutral. They are different from amphoteric oxides, which can act as both acidic and as basic oxides.

## Examples of neutral oxides
# Nitrous oxide (N2O)
# Nitric oxide (NO)
# Carbon monoxide (CO)
# Hydrogen Monooxide(H2O)

## References
In-N-Out Burger

**In-N-Out Burger** is an American regional chain of fast food restaurants. The ly held company has 300 locations. These are mostly in the Southwestern United States. In-N-Out s s to customize their orders. They refuse to use microwave ovens or freezers. Employees start at a wage of $10.50 an hour.

## Related pages 
*Fatburger
*Hamburger
*Fast food
*Burger King
*McDonald's

## References
## Other websites 
*In-N-Out home page
*In-N-Out Secret Menu
James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead

**James Henry Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead**, KBE, PC (27 August 1920 – 9 March 2015) was a Northern Irish Unionist politician. He was leader of the Ulster Unionist Party from 1979 to 1995. He was a leading member and sometime Vice-President of the Conservative Monday Club. An Orangeman, he was also Sovereign Grand Master of the Royal Black Institution from 1971 to 1995.

## References
Biskopsgården Church

The **Biskopsgården Church** () is a church building in the southern parts of Biskopsgården on the island of Hisingen in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. It belongs to the Lundby of the Church of Sweden. It was opened in 1961. It was originally called the **Southern Biskopsgården Church** () until the Northern Biskopsgården Church was taken out of use in 2004.

## References
## Other websites
*
Grass snake

]]

The **grass snake** (*Natrix*) is a non-venomous snake. It is often found near water and feeds almost exclusively on amphibia and lizards.

The grass snake is widely distributed in mainland Europe, from mid Scandinavia to southern Italy. It is also found in Middle East and northwestern Africa. 

There is a native species in Great Britain called the barred grass snake (*Natrix helvetica*). Both *Natrix natrix* and *Natrix helvetica* were considered to be part of the same species until it was reclassified into two species in 2017.

Work by the Senckenberg Research Institute in Germany lead a study into the genetics of over 1,600 grass snakes.

## References 
 bufo'' (Czech Republic) ]]
Northern Biskopsgården Church

The **Northern Biskopsgården Church** () is a church building in the northern parts of Biskopsgården on the island of Hisingen in Gothenburg, Sweden. It earlier belonged to the Lundby of the Church of Sweden, it was inaugurated in 1970 as a parish home. It was taken out of use in 2004 and transferred to the Gothenburg Ecclesiastical Town Mission and the Finnish Parish.

## References
Post-production

**Post-production** is part of filmmaking, video production and photography processes. It is a major part in the making of movies, television programs, radio programs, advertising, audio recordings, photography, and digital art. It is a term for all stages of  occurring after the actual end of ing. Along with pre-production and production, it is one of the three phases of creating a movie or program.

## Processes 
Typically, the post-production phase of creating a movie or program takes longer than the actual shooting. It can take several months to complete because it is many different processes grouped under one name.
* Writing, re-recording and editing the soundtrack.
* Adding visual Special effects - mainly computer-generated imagery (CGI) and digital copies
* Sound effects, ADR, Foley and Music timing and pitch correction, and adding effects. This process is mostly called mixing. It can also involve equalization and adjusting the levels of each individual track to provide the perfect sound experience. Opposite to the name, post-production may take place at any point during the recording and production process.

## Related pages 
*Pre-production

## References 
## Other websites 
*Three Stages To Every Project – Pre-Production, Production and Post-Production 
*Post Production Glossary
Martin Luther Church (Halmstad)

The **Martin Luther Church** () is a church building in Nyhem in the town of Halmstad in Sweden. It belongs to the Martin Luther Parish of the Church of Sweden. It was opened on 19 December 1970.

## References
## Other websites
Alexis Vastine

**Alexis Vastine** (17 November 1986 – 9 March 2015) was a French boxer. He won a bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the Light Welterweight division. He also competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics. He died in the Villa Castelli helicopter crash during the filming of French TV reality show *Dropped* for the TF1 network.

## References
## Other websites
* 2004 results
Lew Soloff

**Lewis Michael Soloff** (February 20, 1944 – March 8, 2015) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer and actor. Soloff was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He studied trumpet at the Eastman School of Music and the Juilliard School.  

He worked with Blood, Sweat & Tears from 1968 until 1973. Prior to this, he worked with Machito, Gil Evans, Tony Scott, Maynard Ferguson and Tito Puente.

He died of a heart attack in New York City.

## References
Crossbill

]]
* cone, showing how the scales open when dry]]

The **crossbills** are a genus, *Loxia'', of birds in the finch family (Fringillidae). There are three to five (or possibly many more) species. 

These birds have mandibles with crossed tips, which gives the group its English name. Adult males tend to be red or orange in colour, and females green or yellow, but there is much variation.

Crossbills are specialist feeders on conifer cones. The unusual bill shape is an adaptation to get seeds from cones. These birds are typically found in higher northern hemisphere latitudes, where their food sources grow. They move ("erupt") out of the breeding range if the cone crop fails. Crossbills breed very early in the year, often in winter months. This is the time to get the most cones.

They put their beak slightly open between the scales of conifer cones. Then they close their beaks and the tips push the scales apart. This lets them get at the seed (usually two seeds per scale). The point is that, as cones mature, they tend to open when dry and close when wet.
Eventually they fall, and lie on the ground. As they dry the scales naturally open, and any animal can get at the seeds. With their beaks, crossbills can get at the seeds much earlier than any other animal.

## Food preferences 
Each species' bill shape is optimised for opening seeds from different species of conifer.

## References
Germanwings

**Germanwings** was a low-cost airline owned by Lufthansa. It was based in Cologne, Germany. It was founded in 2002. It has more than 81 airplanes which go to 86 airports.

On March 24, 2015, a Germanwings A320 flying from Barcelona to Düsseldorf crashed in the French Alps, killing all 150 people on board and is the worst aircraft accident in the operating history of Germanwings. The crash was caused by murder-suicide by a co-pilot.

## References
Inezita Barroso

**Ignez Magdalena Aranha de Lima "Inezita" Barroso** (4 March 1925 – 8 March 2015), was a Brazilian *sertanejo* singer, guitarist, actress, TV presenter, librarian, folklorist and teacher.

In 1953 and 1955 she was awarded with Prêmio Saci.

Barroso died of a long illness in São Paulo, Brazil, aged 90.

## References
LOT Polish Airlines

.]]
 at Leeds Bradford Airport in 2020]]

**LOT Polish Airlines** is the national airline of Poland. It began in 1928 after the merger of all Polish airlines. The airline's main hub is at Warsaw Chopin Airport. LOT is a member of the Star Alliance.

Fleet
South African Airways

.]]
**South African Airways** is the flag carrier and largest airline of South Africa. It is based at Johannesburg. It has been flying since 1934 the airline currently files to africa with the only intercontinental destinations being Perth in Australia and Sao Paulo in Brazil. The airline became a member of Star Alliance in 2006

## Current fleet
]]
]]
F]]
As of February 2018, South African Airways' fleet consists of the following aircraft:

## References
Stuart Wagstaff

**Stuart Wagstaff** (13 February 1925 &ndash; 10 March 2015) was an English-born Australian entertainer. He was active in all genres of the industry including television, theatre and stage management.

## Some of his movies
* *The Journalist* (1979) .... Courtney Lewers
* *Bit Part* (1978) (TV) .... Uncredited
* *All at Sea* (1977) (TV) .... Mr. Arthur Pickering
* *The Dick Emery Show in Australia* (1977) TV Series .... Various Characters
* *Is There Anybody There?* (1975) (TV) .... Uncredited
* ''For Pete's Sake* (1974) .... Man in Chandelier Store ... aka July Pork Bellies
* *Sunstruck* (1972) .... Uncredited
* *Seagulls Over Sorrento* (1960) (TV) .... Uncredited
* *A Night to Remember'' (1958) .... Uncredited

## Other websites
*
Jack Harte (Irish politician)

**John "Jack" Harte** (10 December 1920 – 9 March 2015) was an Irish politician. He served as a Labour Party Senator.

Harte was first elected to the 13th Seanad in the 1973 Seanad elections, on the Labour Panel. He was re-elected six times until his retirement at the 1992 elections.

He served with the British Army in Malta and the Middle East during World War II. He published his memoirs of the Second World War, "To the Limits of Endurance: One Irishman's War". On 9 March 2015, he died at the age of 94.

## References
Karlskrona HK

**Karlskrona HK** is an ice hockey club in the town of Karlskrona in Sweden. It was established in 2001. The club qualified for the Swedish top division in 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*Karlskrona HK
Carel Visser

**Carel Nicolaas Visser** (May 3, 1928 - March 1, 2015) was a Dutch sculptor. Visser was born in 1928 in Papendrecht, South Holland. He was known for turning useless pieces of metal and concrete into statues.

Visser died in Le Fousseret, France, aged 86. 

## References
## Other websites
Aerolíneas Argentinas

**Aerolineas Argentinas** is the largest airline and the country flag carrier of Argentina. It began in 1950.

 about to land at Buenos Aires.]]

## Fleet 
The average age of the Aerolíneas Argentinas fleet is 6.7 years (Airlines 6.6 and Austral 6.8, in September 2018)

## References
Juanita Morrow Nelson

**Juanita Morrow Nelson** (August 17, 1923 – March 9, 2015) was an American activist and war tax resister. She co-founded the group Peacemakers in 1948.  She was the author of *A Matter of Freedom and Other Writings* (1988).

## References
## Other websites
* Tempered reaction: Tax-resister Juanita Nelson skeptical *Greenfield [Massachusetts] Recorder* 21 January 2009
Camille Muffat

**Camille Muffat** (; 28 October 1989 – 9 March 2015) was a French swimmer and three-time Olympic medalist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, she won gold in the 400-meter freestyle, silver in the 200-meter freestyle and bronze in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay.

She died in the Villa Castelli helicopter crash during the filming of French TV reality show *Dropped* for the TF1 network.

## References
## Other websites
Airport lounge

An **airport lounge** is a members-only rest area usually owned by an airline (or operated by several airlines). Anyone who pays the membership fee can join. Airport lounges are designed mainly for business travelers. Most offer private meeting rooms and other business services and s. They offer comfortable seating, food, beverages (often an open bar) and free Wi-Fi.  

Most major airlines have one or more lounges in the major airports they serve. The first airport lounge was owned by American Airlines. It opened in 1939 at LaGuardia Airport.

## References
Vannevar Bush

**Vannevar Bush** ( ; March 11, 1890&nbsp;– June 28, 1974) was an American engineer, inventor and science administrator. He is known in engineering for his work on analog computers, for founding Raytheon, and for the memex.

Bush died of pneumonia in Belmont, Massachusetts, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
*Vannevar Bush papers, 1901–1974 
*Vannevar Bush papers, 1910–1988 
*MIT Museum 
*1995 MIT/Brown Vannevar Bush Symposium – Complete Video Archive
*The Vannevar Bush Index at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum
*
*Pictures of Vannevar Bush from the Tufts Digital Library 
*National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
Florence Arthaud

**Florence Arthaud** (28 October 1957 – 9 March 2015) was a French sailor. She was from Boulogne-Billancourt. In 1990 Arthaud established a new world record for the fastest solo crossing of the North Atlantic, beating the previous record by two days.

In 2015, Arthaud took part in *Dropped*, a reality television show on TF1 in which sportspeople were transported by helicopters into the wilderness. During filming on 9 March 2015, she died in the Villa Castelli helicopter crash in Argentina along with nine other people, two of whom were fellow contestants.

## References
Greater Valparaíso

**Greater Valparaíso** (*Gran Valparaíso*) is a metropolitan area located in the Valparaíso Region. The name comes from the city of Valparaíso, the most important harbour in Chile. At the 2012 census, the estimated population was 979,127 people.

Cerro Concepcion.jpg|Cerro Concepción, Valparaíso
Porto de Valparaiso - Chile - by Sérgio Schmiegelow.jpg|Port of Valparaíso
Costa Viña.jpg|Beach in Viña del Mar
Castillo Wulff1.JPG|Wulff Castle, Viña del Mar

## References 
## Other websites 
* Informe del INE, *Chile: Ciudades, Pueblos, Aldeas y Caseríos*. 2005 (PDF; ZIP) (spanish)
* *Proyección de Población 1990-2020 del INE*: Comunas de la Región de Valparaíso (XLS) (spanish)
Chuy García

**Jesús G. "Chuy" García** (born April 12, 1956) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. He is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 4th district since January 3, 2019. He is the first Mexican-American to be elected to the United States Congress from the Midwest. He ran for Mayor of Chicago twice in 2015 and 2023. He is a progressive.

## Early life
García was born in Mexico in the state of Durango. Garcia worked at the Legal Assistance Foundation from 1977 to 1980 as he worked towards a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

## Political career
Garcia was elected to the Chicago City Council in 1986. He became the first Mexican-American member of the Illinois State Senate in 1992. In 2010, Garcia won election to the 7th district Cook County Board of Commissioners. After his election, Cook Country President Toni Preckwinkle appointed him as floor leader. García is a progressive and a reformer. He supports Preckwinkle, and was a supporter of former Chicago Mayor Harold Washington.

## 2015 Chicago mayoral candidacy
Garcia was a candidate for Mayor of Chicago in 2015. The next day, Garcia said he wanted to run for Congress. During Gutierrez's press conference, he endorsed Garcia for the position. The next day, Senator Bernie Sanders endorsed Garcia.

He won the Democratic nomination in March 2018. He then won the general election against Republican Mark Lorch in November 2018.

In February 2020, he announced his support for Bernie Sanders' second presidential candidacy.

On November 3, 2025, he announced he would not seek reelection in 2026 and retire. There was something wrong with the timing of his retirement. His chief of Staff, Patty García, was the only one who filed to run for the Democratic primary. In mid-November, the House voted 236 to 183 and decided that his timing of retirement was wrong.

## 2023 Chicago mayoral candidacy
In November 2022, Garcia said he would run for mayor of Chicago again, in the 2023 election. He challenged the mayor at the time, Lori Lightfoot. He lost in the first round of voting in February 2023, coming in fourth place.

## References
## Other websites
* Detailed article on García's 1998 primary defeat 
* Cook County Commissioner website
* Campaign website
Jerry Ahrlin

duel. Oskar Svärd (black clothes) is still behind Jerry Ahrlin (blue clothes) when a few hunreds of meters remain.]]
**Jerry Ahrlin**, born 15 January 1978 in Östersund, Sweden, is a Swedish cross-country skier.

## Trophies
* Marcialonga winner of 2007, 2009 and 2011
* Tartu Maraton winner of 2007 and 2011
* König Ludwig Lauf winner of 2013

## References
## Other websites
* FIS website
David B. Frohnmayer

**Dave Frohnmayer** (July 9, 1940 – March 9, 2015) was an American attorney, politician, and university administrator from Oregon. He was the 15th president of the University of Oregon (UO), serving from 1994 to 2009.

On March 9, 2015, Frohnmayer died of prostate cancer in Eugene, Oregon, aged 74.

## Further reading 
* "UO's Frohnmayer bows out" , *The Oregonian*, April 30, 2008, by Bill Graves and Janie Har.
* "Frohnmayer: UO report card" , *The Oregonian*, April 30, 2008, by Betsy Hammond and Jeff Smith.
* [AP] "Frohnmayer to retire from University of Oregon", *The Oregonian*, April 29, 2008, by Julia Silverman.
* [Opinion] "Frohnmayer serves University of Oregon well", *Statesman Journal*, April 30, 2008.
* "UO's Frohnmayer to retire in 2009", *The Register-Guard*; by Greg Bolt; April 30, 2008.

## References
## Other websites
* Office of the President Emeritus  - Office of the President Emeritus at the University of Oregon
The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins

"**The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins**" is a song composed by Charles Randolph Grean and performed by Leonard Nimoy, telling the story of Bilbo Baggins and his adventures in J. R. R. Tolkien's novel *The Hobbit*. The recording was featured on *Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy,* the second of Nimoy's albums on Dot Records. It was also released as a single (Dot Records Cat. #45-17028) in July 1967.
Martin H:son Holmdahl

**Svante Martin Henriksson Holmdahl** (10 June 1923 – 11 March 2015) was a Swedish professor of anesthesiology. He was rector magnificus of Uppsala University between 1978 and 1989. He was born in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Holmdahl died at the age of 91 in Uppsala, Sweden.

## References
Five Nights at Freddy's 3

'''''Five Nights at Freddy's 3'''* is a 2015 indie point-and-click survival horror video game developed by Scott Cawthon. It is the third entry in the *Five Nights at Freddy's* series. The game was released on Steam on March 2, 2015, then for Android devices on March 7, 2015. The game is set 30 years after *Five Nights at Freddy's''.

The player assumes the role of a newly hired employee at Fazbear's Fright, a horror-themed amusement park attraction that pays homage to the original Freddy Fazbear’s Pizza. In addition, the player must monitor the status of three operating systems - cameras, audio, and ventilation - and reboot them whenever they begin to malfunction. They have to defend from Springtrap and the 'phantoms', which are more ghostly and burnt-looking versions of the animatronics from the previous games, including Golden Freddy, Chica, Withered Foxy, Balloon Boy, Mangle, and Phantom Puppet. These animatronics cannot physically hurt you, but every time they catch you, one of the systems then needs to be rebooted. While Phantom Mangle does not jumpscare directly, it can appear in the hall or on one of the cameras and emit a garbled static sound, causing the audio system to have to be rebooted. The only animatronic that can cause a game over is Sprintrap, the main antagonist, and he is attracted to sound. The only way to get him to not kill you is by playing audio of Balloon Boy laughing from ''Five Nights at Freddy's 2.'' If you play this audio on a camera close to Springtrap, Springtrap will go towards it. He is also attracted to Mangle's loud garbled audio sounds, so if Mangle is in the hallway making noise, he will go towards your office faster.
Tórshavn

government buildings.]]

**Tórshavn** () is the capital and largest city of the Faroe Islands, a part of the Kingdom of Denmark. As of 2008, the city has a population of 13,000, with the urban area populated by 19,000 people in total.

## References
## Other websites
*
Blase J. Cupich

**Blase Joseph Cupich** (born March 19, 1949 in Omaha, Nebraska) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He is serving as the ninth Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago.

He was the surprise choice of Pope Francis to succeed Cardinal Francis George as Archbishop of Chicago on September 20, 2014. Cupich had served as the sixth bishop of the Diocese of Spokane.

In August 2024, Cupich delivered the opening invocation at the 2024 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. 

## References
Golgotha

***Golgotha*** is the debut studio album by With Blood Comes Cleansing. The album was released on August 22, 2006.

## Track listing
# "An Introduction to Death" — 0:39
# "Golgotha" — 2:31
# "Mark Your Words" — 2:39
# "Fearless Before Opposition" — 2:52
# "Take Everything" — 3:40
# "My Help" — 2:30
# "Persecution" — 2:58
# "Bring Out Your Dead" — 2:35
# "Betrayed" — 2:25
# "Hypocrisy" — 2:16

## References
Divine Intervention

***Divine Intervention*** is the sixth studio album by American thrash metal band, Slayer. *Divine Intervention* was released on September 27, 1994 through American Recordings. Many of the song were inspired by television shows. The songs were also inspired by other things, like Rush Limbaugh, serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer, and vocalist Tom Araya's wife. Araya said that the album "came out of the past four years of hating life."

The album peaked at #8 on the *Billboard* 200. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA.

It is the first album to feature drummer Paul Bostaph, who replaced Slayer's original drummer Dave Lombardo.

## Songs
### *Serenity in Murder* EP
## References
## Other websites
*
Real Muthaphuckkin G's

"'''Real Muthaphuckkin G's**" (also known as "**Real Compton City G's'''") is a song off American rapper Eazy-E's second EP, ''It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa*. The song was released on August 26, 1993. The song was a diss song towards former N.W.A member Dr. Dre and his protégé Snoop Doggy Dogg.

On the *Billboard'' charts, the song peaked at #42 on the Hot 100.

## References
## Other websites
*
Intercostal muscle

The **intercostal muscles** (*intercostales interni*) are a group of skeletal muscles between the ribs. These muscles help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity to help breathing.

When breathing in, the muscles of the diaphragm contract. This pulls the diaphragm downwards, and increases the volume of the thorax. At the same time, the external intercostal muscles contract. This pulls the ribcage upwards and outwards. This also increases the volume of the thorax. 

There are three main layers; 
#*External intercostal muscles* help inhalation. They pull up the ribs and bend them more open. This expands the  thoracic cavity.
#*Internal intercostal muscles* help in *forced* breathing out (quiet expiration is a passive process). They depress the ribs and bend them inward. This decreases the width of the thoracic cavity.
#*Innermost intercostal muscle* reduces thorax volume, so are also expiratory muscles.
 
## References
Jimmy Greenspoon

**Jimmy Greenspoon** (February 7, 1948 – March 11, 2015) was an American keyboard player and composer. He was best known as a member of the band, Three Dog Night.

In 2014, Greenspoon was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma, and was forced to stop touring with Three Dog Night. He died from cancer in Montgomery County, Maryland, on March 11, 2015.

## References
Circumflex

The **circumflex** (**^**), also known as the **caret** or "l'accent circonflexe" in French, is a diacritic used most commonly in French, but can also be seen in languages such as Slovak, Welsh, Portuguese, and Vietnamese. Its name is derived from the Latin *circumflexus*, meaning "bent around", referring to its shape, which resembles a little hat, placed over a vowel. Originally, the circumflex was an acute accent and a grave accent put together.

In French, the circumflex usually shows the loss of a letter, usually the loss of the letter S. Example: maistre (Middle French) > maître (modern French). From here, its function is historical. Furthermore, less often, it is used to distinguish between homophones. These are words spelt the same, but with different meanings. Example: *sur* = on, but *sûr* = safe or certain. In those cases, the pronunciation of the two words may be different.

In English, the circumflex is sometimes retained on loanwords. For example, crème brûlée.

## References
*Catach, Nina (ed) 1995. ''Dictionnaire historique de l'orthographe française*. Paris: Larousse.
*Casagrande, Jean 1984. *The sound system of French''. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
Frei Otto

**Frei Paul Otto** (31 May 1925 – 9 March 2015) was a German architect and structural engineer.  He was noted for his use of lightweight structures, in particular tensile and membrane structures.  

## Works
He designed the roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich which was created for the 1972 Summer Olympics. He won the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 2006 and was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2015.

## Death
Otto died on 9 March 2015;  he was to be publicly announced as the winner of the 2015 Pritzker Prize on 23 March but his death meant the committee announced his award on 10 March. Otto himself had been told earlier that he had won the prize by the executive president of the committee, Martha Thorne.  He was reported to have said "I’ve never done anything to gain this prize.  Prizewinning is not the goal of my life. I try to help poor people, but what shall I say here — I’m very happy".

## References
## Other websites
Cermet

A **cermet** is a ceramic material, like porcelain or clay, mixed with a metal, like steel or copper. They are long lasting,  composite materials that are stress resistant and produce little friction. Cermets also have the properties of metals. They can conduct electricity. Like metals cermets are somewhat malleable.

## References
Basuki Tjahaja Purnama

**Basuki Tjahaja Purnama** (EYD: **Basuki Cahaya Purnama**, Hakka Chinese: ; born 29 June 1966), also known as **Ahok**, is an Indonesian politician, and businessperson. He is the current Governor of Jakarta, serving officially since 19 November 2014. He is the first governor to be a Christian and of ethnic Chinese descent.

Basuki Tjahaja Purnama was born in Manggar, Bangka Belitung of the Bangka–Belitung Islands province. He is married to Veronica Tan and has three children. He is a Protestant.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*
No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls

***No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls*** is the first studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. *No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls* was released on March 19, 2002 through both Atlantic and Lava.

The album debuted at #35 on the *Billboard* 200 and at #8 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA.

The album featured the singles "I'm Just a Kid", "I'd Do Anything", "Addicted", and "Perfect".

Tracklist:

01. I’d Do Anything (ft. Mark Hoppus) {03:18}

02. The Worst Day Ever {03:27}

03. You Don’t Mean Anything (ft. Joel Madden) {02:29}

04. I’m Just A Kid {03:18}

05. When I’m With You {02:37}

06. Meet You There {04:14}

07. Addicted {03:52}

08. My Alien {03:08}

09. God Must Hate Me {02:45}

10. I Won’t Be There {03:09}

11. One Day {03:15}

12. Perfect {04:37}

13. One By One {03:23}

14. Grow Up {02:33}

15. Happy Together {02:35}

16. My Christmas List {03:28}

17. Vacation {02:31}

18. Perfect (Acoustic Version) {04:07}

## Songs
## References
## Other websites
*
Erol Büyükburç

**Erol Büyükburç** (8 August 1936 - 12 March 2015) was a Turkish pop music composer and singer. In 1961, he composed his best known hit *Little Lucy*. He also wrote the lyrics of this melody. He was born in Adana.

Büyükburç was found dead in his home in İstanbul, Turkey. He was 78 years old. He died of a heart attack.

## References
LAN Airlines

**LAN Airlines** was a Chilean airline based in Santiago. It was the largest airline in Chile and it's Peruvian subsidiary was the largest airline in Peru. It was a member of the Oneworld alliance. The name *LAN* is an acronym in Spanish for *Línea Aérea Nacional*, meaning *National Airline*. The airline took-over Brazil's TAM Airlines in 2012, forming the LATAM Airlines Group. Their seperate corporate identites merged in 2016 to create LATAM Airlines.

## References