open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Brandon Sanderson

**Brandon Sanderson** (born December 19, 1975) is an American fantasy and science fiction writer. He is best known for the Cosmere universe, where most of his fantasy books are set; and for finishing Robert Jordan's fantasy series *The Wheel of Time*.

Sanderson was raised in Lincoln, Nebraska. He studied at Brigham Young University, where he received degrees in English literature and creative writing. In 2008, Sanderson started a podcast with author Dan Wells and cartoonist Howard Tayler called *Writing Excuses* with topics about creating and producing genre writing and webcomics.

In 2016, the American media company DMG Entertainment bought the movie rights to Sanderson's entire Cosmere universe.

## Life and career
Brandon Sanderson was born on December 19, 1975, in Lincoln, Nebraska. As a teenager, he loved reading high fantasy novels and tried writing his own stories. After graduating from high school in 1994, he enrolled at Brigham Young University (BYU) as a biochemistry major. He took a two-year leave of absence from 1995 to 1997 to work as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and was assigned to serve in South Korea.

After completing his missionary work, Sanderson returned to BYU and changed his major to English literature. While an undergraduate, Sanderson took a job as a night desk clerk at a local hotel in Provo, Utah, because it allowed him to write while working. During his graduate work at BYU, Sanderson was on the staff of *Leading Edge*, a semi-professional speculative fiction magazine published by the university.

Sanderson wrote regularly throughout his undergraduate and graduate studies, and by 2003 he had written twelve novels, all unpublished. While in the middle of a graduate program at BYU, Tor Books editor Moshe Feder contacted him to say that he wanted to get one of his books. Sanderson had sent the manuscript of his sixth novel, *Elantris*, a year and a half earlier. This was followed in 2006 by *Mistborn: The Final Empire*, the first book in his *Mistborn* fantasy trilogy.

In 2006, Sanderson married Emily Bushman. She was also an English major and teacher. She became his business manager.

## References
Henry Emeleus

**Charles Henry Emeleus** (4 September 1930 – 11 November 2017) was a British geologist. He was born in Belfast, England. He specialized in the Tertiary volcanic rocks of Britain and Greenland. Emeleus was a highly capable petrologist. The mineral emeleusite, a colourless sodium silicate, is named after Emeleus. In 2016, he received the Prestwich Medal.

Emeleus died on 11 November 2017 in Durham, England at the age of 87.

## References
Julio Oscar Mechoso

**Julio Oscar Mechoso** (May 31, 1955 &ndash; November 25, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in Miami, Florida. He was known of his roles in *Grindhouse*, *Bad Boys*, *Ken Park* and *Little Miss Sunshine*. His television roles included *Miami Vice*, *Coach*, *Seinfeld*, and *Greetings from Tucson*.

Mechoso died of a heart attack in his home on November 25, 2017 in Burbank, California at the age of 62.

## References
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Loïc Bouvard

**Loïc Bouvard** (20 January 1929 – 27 November 2017) was a French politician. He was born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire. Bouvard was a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represents the Morbihan department, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

Bouvard died on 27 November 2017 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
Bill Harris

**Bill Harris** (September 1, 1934 – November 27, 2017) was an American Republican politician and businessman. He was born in Fork Mountain, Tennessee. Harris served in the Ohio General Assembly, notably as President of the Ohio Senate from 2005 to 2010. He was a member of the Ohio Senate from 2000 until his retirement in 2010.

Harris died on November 27, 2017 in Ashland, Ohio at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
* Project Vote Smart - Bill M. Harris (OH)
Smashburger

**Smashburger** is an American fast-casual burger restaurant chain with more than 370 restaurants in 37 states and 9 countries. The company was founded in Denver, Colorado in 2007 by Tom Ryan, Rick Schaden, and private equity firm Consumer Capital Partners.

## References
Surfactant

A **surfactant** is a chemical that lowers the surface tension of a liquid. Less surface tension lets the liquid soak into things better, and can also let bubbles form easier. A liquid that bubbles and soaks into things is better at cleaning, so surfactants are used in soap.

## Uses
Every year, 15 million tons of surfactants are made. Half of them are used in soap; the rest are used in many different ways including making toothpaste and concrete.

One popular surfactant is sodium laurel sulfate, also called sodium dodecyl sulfate or SDS. SDS is a cheap, commonly used surfactant that is used in almost every toothpaste and many shampoos, body washes, and shaving creams.

## Safety and environment
Small amounts of most common surfactants are usually not harmful to people or animals, although if they get into eyes they can be painful.  Very large amounts of surfactants can kill animals, but the amount varies depending on the surfactant.

Larger amounts of surfactants can be a problem in the environment, where they let the soil hold more water than usual, but this problem usually goes away in a few days.

## References
Bellagio

**Bellagio** is a small town on the shores of Lake Como in northern Italy. The southern part of Lake Como is split into two branches by a peninsula. The peninsula is shaped like a triangle. Bellagio is on the northern tip of the peninsula. In 2017 about 3,700 people lived in Bellagio. The Ancient Romans called the town *Bilacus*.

## Twin towns 
Bellagio is twinned with:

## References
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Georges Charpak

**Georges Charpak** (August  1, 1924 – September 29, 2010) was a Polish-born French physicist of Jewish descent. He received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber".

Charpak was born in Dabrovica,  Poland, now Ukraine. He moved to France when he was seven. During the war he was a member of the French Resistance and was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp. He graduated École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris.

He died in Paris, France, at the age of 86.

## References
History of cricket

From its probable origin as a children's game in south-east England, the sport of cricket has grown to become the national summer sport of several English-speaking countries. It stages top-level international tournaments played by professionals in modern, all-seater stadiums. Globally, it has a high level of player participation and is, apart from football, the world's most popular spectator sport.

## Origin
It is widely believed that cricket began in England as a children's game. It most likely happened south-east of London in the areas known as the North Downs, the South Downs, and the Weald. These places can be found in the counties of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex. But, when the game began is less certain.

Cricket was not definitely recorded anywhere until January 1597, but it could have been hundreds of years old by then. The first mention was during a court case in Guildford. A coroner named John Derrick testified that he and his schoolfriends had played "creckett" on a disputed patch of land in the 1550s. As for the name of the game, it may be derived from the Middle Dutch word *krick(-e)*, meaning a stick, as many Flemish immigrants had settled in south-east England during the 16th century (Derrick is itself a name of Flemish origin).

## 17th century 
The earliest known match took place sometime around the year 1611. That was at Chevening in Kent where a team called Weald and Upland played against a team called Chalkhill. The game became popular in the three south-eastern counties, and spread westwards and northwards through the 17th century. It soon reached London itself, and also the neighbouring counties of Berkshire, Essex, Hampshire, and Middlesex.

There are several mentions of cricket in the records of 17th century legal cases. These mostly concern people being punished for playing "on the Sabbath".

There were also two fatal incidents.

## References
## Bibliography
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Packet switching

In telecommunications, **packet switching** is a method of grouping data that is transmitted over a digital network into *packets*.

Composed of a header and a payload:
A header is used by networking hardware to direct packets to its destination,
A payload is the thing extracted after it has reached its destination (thanks to the header)

The workstation creates a packet, and stamps it with the destination's IP Address and forwards it to a router, the router's job is to find out how to get the packet to the desired destination.
Breaking communication down into packets allows the same information to be shared amongst many users in a network.
A type of small network where packets (small units of data) are routed through a network based on the destination address contained in each packet.

“A data packet is a unit of data made into a single package that travels along a given network path. Data packets are used in Internet Protocol (IP) transmissions for data that navigates the Web, and in other kinds of networks.”
Tunley

**Tunley** is a small one-road village in Camerton, Somerset, near Bath. It has its own football club - Tunley Athletic - who play in the Somerset League Division 2 East. There are a few establishments in the village, including a recreation centre, an inn and a pet care store. The road that runs through Tunley is the B3115.

Lower Tunley Farm is the main producer of milk for the local community. The milk is sold in the local Tunley stores. The houses in Tunley are a post-war age and are made of the traditional Bath stone. Tunley is a typically quiet village and there is never any trouble caused by the locals. The people of the village are friendly with one another and welcome any visitors to the village.

## Places of historical interest 
Tunley Camp is an Iron Age hill fort about  north-east from Camerton. The hill fort includes the slight earthwork remains of the hill fort which is now nearly ploughed down. It is a scheduled monument.
Per Zennstrom

**Per Zennström** is an award winning fashion photographer, and author based in Berlin. Zennström received the Hasselblad Masters Award in March 2002. Zennström is known for his short film *White Noise White Shores* which was part of the official screening at the Miami Fashion Film Festival 2014.

## Career
Zennström dropped-out of his photography studies in University of Gothenburg, and spent 2 years assisting Swedish photographer Björn Keller. Later Zennström moved on to became an assistant to influential fashion photographer Steven Meisel in New York. Per Zennström moved to Paris in 1992 and started to work for fashion clients such as Dior, Guy Laroche, Nina Ricci and Galeries Lafayette. Per Zennström has published four books *New Work*, *Berlin+Stockholm*, *Walking The Dog* and *Venus Murex*.

According to Deutsche Welle, "Zennström enjoys experimenting with the latest techniques."

### Notable exhibitions
*2014 Official Selection at Miami Fashion Film Festival  
*2012 No Limits – Multi media project in collaboration with Hahnemühle Fine Art and fashion designer Michael Sontag 
*2012 “Born For Fame” Video & Sculpture Installation for fashion designer Marcell von Berlin 
*2007 “Broken Glass” presented by Stockholm Fashion Week

## Publications
*NewWork   - 2013 Blurb -  
*Berlin+Stockholm   - 2014 Blurb - 
*WalkingTheDog - 2017 Blurb -  
*Venus Murex - 2017 Blurb - 

## Personal life
Zennström's father was the author and journalist Per-Olof Zennström. His sister is the author and translator Maria Zennström.

## References
## Other websites
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Kyle McCulloch

.]]
**Kyle McCulloch** (born November 11, 1962) is a Canadian television writer, producer and voice actor. He is best known for writing for the cartoon shows *South Park* and *SpongeBob SquarePants*. He also created and voiced the title character of the web series *Mr. Wong* (2000–2001). He moved to Los Angeles California in 1993 from Winnipeg 

McCulloch is from Winnipeg, Manitoba. He now lives in Los Angeles, California, United States.

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Dubrovytsia

**Dubrovytsia** (, , , ) is a town in Rivne Oblast, Ukraine. It is administrative center of Dubrovytsia Raion, and is the site of the now ruined Jewish shtetl of Dombrovitza. In 2022, 9,343 people lived there.
Tomb Raider (2013 video game)

***Tomb Raider*** is an action-adventure video game. It was developed by Crystal Dynamics. It was published by Square Enix. It is the tenth game in the *Tomb Raider* series. The game is single-player but also has multiplayer support. It was released on 5 March 2013 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, in January 2014 for OS X, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One and on 27 April 2016 for Linux. A sequel, *Rise of the Tomb Raider*, was released in 2015.

The game tells the origins of the protagonist Lara Croft on her first adventure, searching for Yamatai on a mysterious island. She must learn to survive as she fights bandits, learns the secrets of the island and rescues allies.

## References
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Kalu Thapa Kshatri

Maharaja **Kalu Thapa Kshatri** () or simply, **Kalu Thapa** was the first King of Takam State. The Thapa dynasty of Takam Kingdom (1246-1545 B.S.) (also called **4000 Parvat State**) continued for 300 years only to be defeated by Dimba Bam Malla to form bigger Parbat State. Yashodhara Thapa, King of Jyamrukot (Jamarik), is the male progenitor of the Bhimsen Thapa family and leading Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa.

## Fictitious Account
In the Thapa genealogy, he is also accredited to have ruled over Doti from Kāndāmalika. The genealogy claims that he was son of fictitious Kshatriya named Vatsaraja () born from Ashwamedha Yagya (holy fire) and fictitious Vasundhara Devi, daughter of fictitious Kanyakubji Rajput chief Radha Madhav Rajput. The genealogy claims Vatsaraja to be giant sized and thus achieving title of *Abhaya Narsingh Maharaja* and his son Kalu Thapa achieving title of *Abhaya Narsingh Kumar*. The genealogy traces the lineage of all Bagale Thapas to a male progenitor (*Mūlapuruṣa*) King Kalu Thapa Kshatri, who first ascended to the throne at Kāndāmālikā on Saka Era 1111.

## Children
He had four sons who descended the four divisions of his state;
* Purnakhar Thapa (Punyakar) - succeeded Pulachour Kingdom
* Tarapati Thapa (Tarasimha) - succeeded Takam Kingdom
* Biru Thapa - succeeded Rukumkot Kingdom
* Dharmaraj Thapa (Yashodhar/Jashodhar) - succeeded Jyamrukot (Jamarik) Kingdom

Later, all these states were conquered by Samalvanshi Thakuri King Dimba Bam Malla.
## References
Meghan, Duchess of Sussex

**Meghan, Duchess of Sussex** (born; August 4 1981; née **Rachel Meghan Markle)**, is American-born member of the British Royal Family (through her marriage to Prince Harry) and actress known for the hit-Series Suits, model and humanitarian.

## Early life
Markle was born at West Park Hospital in Canoga Park, Los Angeles, California. She grew up in the View Park-Windsor Hills and Hollywood neighborhoods of Los Angeles County. Her father is of a Dutch and Irish background and her mother is African American. She was married to producer Trevor Engelson from 2011 to 2013.  

## Film career 
Starting her acting career in 2011, she played Rachel Zane in the legal drama series *Suits*. She had the role of Amy Jessup in the Fox science fiction-drama *Fringe*. 

## Marriage to Prince Harry
Markle began dating Prince Harry of Wales in June 2016. They became engaged in November 2017. In preparation for the wedding, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, baptised Markle and confirmed her into the Church of England on March 6, 2018. The couple married at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle on May 19, 2018. After their wedding, they became the Duke and Duchess of Sussex.   

In October 2018, it was announced that the Duchess was pregnant with the couple's first child. The baby, Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor, was born on May 6, 2019.    

### Leaving the royal family 
In January 2020, Meghan and Harry announced that they would no longer take on royal duties and were stepping down from their roles. In November 2020, the Duchess revealed in an opinion piece for *The New York Times* that she suffered a miscarriage in July of that year.    

In March 2021, Meghan and Harry were interviewed by Oprah Winfrey about their struggles of being in the royal family. This interview was controversial because the couple spoke about their mistreatment by certain members of the family (who were not named) and by people working for the monarchy.   

On 4 June 2021, the couple's daughter Lilibet Diana Mountbatten-Windsor was born in Santa Barbara, California.   

Harry and Meghan have also made a television series named *Harry & Meghan* which documented their time in the royal family.

## Titles 
* 19 May 2018 – present:  Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Sussex 
** In Scotland: Her Royal Highness The Countess of Dumbarton
** In Northern Ireland: Baroness Kilkeel 

## References
## Other websites
*
Cristina Stamate

**Cristina Stamate** (8 September 1946 – 27 November 2017) was a Romanian actress. She was born in Bucharest. She was best known for her stage performances. She spent most of her career at the Teatrul de Revistă Constantin Tănase in Bucharest. She appeared in two movies, *Grăbește-te încet* (1981) and *Secretul lui Bachus* (1984).

Stamate died on 27 November 2017 in Bucharest after having a stroke. She was 71. On the day of her death, she learned of the death of her friend, actress Stela Popescu.

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Luttenbach-près-Munster

**Luttenbach-près-Munster** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## Related pages
* Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References
*INSEE commune file
Amboise

**Amboise** is a commune in central France’s Loire Valley. It is in the Indre-et-Loire department. It covers . In 2014, 13,371 people lived there.

Amboise is known for the Château d'Amboise, a 15th-century castle. King Charles VIII lived there. Leonardo da Vinci's tomb is there. There are royal chambers, gardens and underground passageways.

Near Amboise is Château du Clos Lucé, da Vinci's former home. Da Vinci lived there until his death in 1519. It has a small museum displaying working models of his designs.

## Transport 
### Road 
The D31, D61, D81, D83, D431, D751 and D952 pass through the commune of Amboise.

### Rail 
Amboise has a train station.

### Air 
There is an airport around 20 kilometres (12 miles) away in Tours.

## Twin towns 
Amboise is twinned with Boppard in Germany, Fana in Mali, Suwa in Japan, Vinci in Italy and Baleni in Romania.

## References
Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album

The Grammy Award for **Best Spoken Word Album** has been awarded since 1959. The category now also includes audio books, poetry readings and story telling.

Three United States Presidents have won the award: Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, along with spoken recordings of John F. Kennedy and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Four U.S. Senators have won: Barack Obama, Everett Dirksen, Al Franken, and Hillary Clinton.

## References
## Other websites
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Bogdan Maglich

**Bogdan Castle Maglich** (also spelled **Maglic** or **Maglić**) (August 5, 1928 in Sombor, Yugoslavia – November 25, 2017 in Newport Beach, California) was a Yugoslav-born American experimental nuclear physicist and the leading supporter of a purported non-radioactive aneutronic fusion energy source. Maglich built 4 models of *Migma*.

## References
## Other websites
*"Nature's Onion", TIME, Sep. 15, 1961 
*"Wall Street Transcript" interview with Bogdan Maglich
*Article: Visionary Physicist's Crusade Serves As Lesson In Futility  in The Scientist
Hou Bo

**Hou Bo** (; 17 September 1924 – 26 November 2017) was a Chinese photographer. With her husband Xu Xiaobing, they were among the best known photographers of Mao Zedong. She joined the Communist Party at the age of fourteen and learned photography during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

After 1949, she and Xu Xiaobing lived in the same compound as Mao and took both official photos, some used for posters and publicity, which became the most widely circulated photos of Mao, and some family photos, taken informally behind the scenes.

Among her best known photographs are "The Founding of the PRC" (1949), "Mao Zedong Swimming Across the Yangzi" (1955), "Chairman Mao at Work in an Airplane" (1959), and "Mao Zedong with Students from Latin America" (1959), which won First Prize in the National Photography Exhibition of 1959.

Hou died on 26 November 2017 in Beijing at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* 大家名作: 侯波摄影作品赏 (Hou Bo's Prizewinning Masterpieces)  Chinese Photographers Association.
* 侯波 中国女摄影家 Baidu Baike.
Bud Moore

**Walter Maynard "Bud" Moore Jr.** (May 25, 1925 – November 27, 2017) was a NASCAR driver and car owner. He was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina. Moore worked the Bud Moore Engineering team. He was a decorated veteran of World War II, he described himself as "an old country mechanic who loved to make 'em run fast".

Moore served in World War II as a member of the United States Army. He took part of the Normandy landings. After Normandy, he went on to fight in the Battle of the Bulge and ended his military service as a sergeant. During his military service, Moore was awarded five Purple Hearts and two Bronze Star Medals.

When he returned from the war, he began a career in stock car racing as a crew chief. In the 1960s, he opened Bud Moore Engineering, a team that went on to win three NASCAR Grand National Series championships and 63 races for 37 years until its shutdown in 1999. 

Moore was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame in 2011.

Moore died on November 27, 2017 in Spartanburg at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
* Stats
Richard Cordray

**Richard Adams Cordray** (born May 3, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician who was the first Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau from 2012 to 2017. Before to his appointment, Cordray was Ohio's Attorney General, Solicitor General, and Treasurer.

Cordray left the agency in November 2017, with many people believing that he would declare his candidacy for Governor of Ohio in the 2018 gubernatorial election. He declared his candidacy in 2018 only to lose the general election to Republican Mike DeWine.

## References
Sir Bani Yas

**Sir Bani Yas** is a natural island located 170 km southwest of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates. 

It is a popular tourist destination. The island is home to Arabia's largest wildlife reserve. Spread over 87 km square, the reserve was established in 1977 by Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan. It also houses a bird sanctuary.
Emily Davison

**Emily Wilding Davison** (11 October 1872 &ndash; 8 June 1913) was born in Blackheath in southeast London on. She studied at Royal Holloway College and at Oxford University, although women were not allowed to take degrees at that time.
 
In 1906, she joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), founded by Emmeline Pankhurst. Three years later she gave up her job as a teacher and went to work full-time for the suffragettes. She was frequently arrested for causing a public disturbance and burning post boxes. She spent a number of short periods in jail.
 
In 1909, she was sentenced to a month's hard labour in Strangeways Prison in Manchester after throwing rocks at the carriage of chancellor David Lloyd George. She attempted to starve herself, and resisted force-feeding. A prison guard, angered by Davison's blockading herself in her cell, forced a hose into the room and nearly filled it with water.  She sued the wardens of Strangeways, and was awarded 40 shillings.
 
By 1911, Davison was becoming increasingly militant. On 4 June 1913, she ran out in front of the king's horse as it was taking part in the Epsom Derby. Her purpose was unclear, but she was trampled on and died on 8 June – at the age of 40 – from her injuries.

## References
Patrícia Gabancho

**Patrícia Gabancho Ghielmetti** (29 September 1952 &ndash; 28 November 2017) was an Argentine-born Spanish journalist and author. She was born in Buenos Aires. Her work and personal life were based in Barcelona, Spain. She wrote books on the history of Catalonia, the city life in Barcelona and on Tango.

## Death
Gabancho died on 28 November 2017 in Barcelona of lung cancer at the age of 65.

## Works
* *Crònica de la independència*
* *El Besòs. El riu que mirava passar els trens*
* *El segle XX vist per les àvies, con Gemma Aixelà*
* *Despert entre adormits*
* ''Carta a la societat catalana sobre l'immigració*
* *La postguerra cultural a Barcelona (1939-1959)*
* *Cultura rima amb confitura*
* *La batalla de l'Estatut*
* *El fil secret de la història*
* *A la intempèrie''

## References
Unit load device

A **unit load device**, or ULD, (**ULD**) is a pallet or a container. It is used to load luggage, freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft. It allows a large quantity of cargo to be bundled into a single unit. As with other cargo transport, this leads to fewer units to load, it saves ground crews time and effort and helps prevent delayed flights. Each ULD has its own packing list (or *manifest*) so that its contents can be tracked.

## Types
There are two kinds of unit load devices: pallets and boxes. The boxes are similar to shipping containers: they are mostly made with metal (usually aluminum) and have standard attachment points that let them be moved easily. The pallets are usually metal with sides that attach to a cargo net. Below is a table of sizes of ULDs. The volume listed is the internal volume, the size of the inside of the container.

## References
## Other websites
Dhyan Chand

**Dhyan Chand** (29 August 1905&nbsp;– 3 December 1979) was an Indian field hockey player. He is known as the greatest field hockey player of all time. He received the Padma Bhushan from the Government of India in 1956.

Chand earned three Olympic gold medals in field hockey. These were at the 1928, 1932, and 1936 games.

## Early life
Dhyan Chand was born on 29 August 1905 in Allahabad. His father was in the British Indian Army, and he played hockey in the army. The family moved often because of army transfers. The family finally settled in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The team once again won the gold medal. In the final on 11 August, India played against hosts USA. India won 24-1, a world record at the time. India defeated Germany 8-1 in the final for the gold medal. Chand scored three goals.

## Legacy
The Dhyan Chand Award is given in India for lifetime achievement in sports. The National Stadium, Delhi was renamed Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium in 2002 in his honour.

## Family
Chand's younger brother, Roop Singh, played on the Indian Field Hockey team in the 1932 and 1936 Olympics. His son, Ashok Kumar (field hockey), won an Olympic bronze medal in 1972 for field hockey.

autobiography, *Goal!*,  was published by Sport & Pastime, Madras in 1952.

## Other websites
*Reading of *Dhyan Singh ‘Chand’: Hockey’s Magician* 

## References
Golshifteh Farahani

s]]

**Golshifteh Farahani** (, born **Rahavard Farahani**; 10 July 1983) is an Iranian-French actress, musician and singer. She is best known for her roles in the movies *Body of Lies* (2008), *The Patience Stone* (2012), *Exodus: Gods and Kings* (2014), *Paterson* (2016), *Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales* (2017) and *The Upside* (2019). In 2016, she portrayed the title character in the stage version of *Anna Karenina*.

Farahani was born in Tehran. Her father is actor Behzad Farahani and her sister is actress Shaghayegh Farahani. She was married to Amin Mahdavi from 2004 to 2013. She was married to Australian Christos Dorje Walker from 2015 to 2017.

In 2012, Farahani was banned from returning to Iran after posing naked in a French magazine.

## References
## Other websites
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*
Domhnall Gleeson

.]]
**Domhnall Gleeson** (born 12 May 1983) is an Irish actor and writer. He is best known for his role as General Hux in *Star Wars: The Force Awakens* (2015) and *Star Wars: The Last Jedi* (2017). He has also appeared in *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1* (2010) and *Part 2* (2011), *About Time* (2013), *Unbroken* (2014), *Ex Machina* (2015), *Brooklyn* (2015), *The Revenant* (2015) and *Peter Rabbit* (2018). He was nominated for a Tony Award in 2006 for his role in *The Lieutenant of Inishmore*.

Gleeson was born in Dublin. His father, Brendan, and his brother, Brian, are also actors. He is a fan of English football club Aston Villa.

## References
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Will Poulter

**William Jack** "**Will**" **Poulter** (born 28 January 1993) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles in the movies *Son of Rambow* (2007), *The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader* (2010), ''We're the Millers* (2013), *The Maze Runner* (2014), *The Revenant* (2015) and *Detroit'' (2017). He won the 2014 BAFTA Rising Star Award.

Poulter was born in Hammersmith, London, England.

## References
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Slobodan Praljak

**Slobodan Praljak** (2 January 1945 – 29 November 2017) was a Bosnian Croat engineer, movie and theatre director and army general. He was a general in the Croatian Army and the Croatian Defence Council, an army of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. In 2013, he was one of six Bosnian Croat politicians sentenced at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for war crimes during the Croat–Bosniak War. He was jailed for twenty years. He directed many television shows and one movie, *Povratak Katarine Kozul* (1989).

Praljak was born in Čapljina. He was married to Kaćuša Babić and had two stepchildren.

On 29 November 2017, Praljak drank cyanide at the ICTY in The Hague, Netherlands. He later died at a hospital of heart failure at the age of 72.

## References
## Other websites
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The Shadows No. 2

***The Shadows No. 2*** is an extended play 45 rpm record released in 1961 by The Shadows. It was released on Columbia Records/EMI Records as SEG 8148 in mono and reached #12 in the UK EP charts in January, 1962.

All the songs on the record had previously been released on the album *The Shadows*, and more songs from the album were to be released on the EP *The Shadows No. 3*.  There appears never to have been a *The Shadows No. 1.*

The liner notes were written by Cliff Richard.

## Track listing
;Side 1
# "Shadoogie"  (Hank Marvin, Bruce Welch, Jet Harris, Tony Meehan)
# "Nivram"  (Marvin, Welsh, Harris)

;Side 2
# "Baby My Heart"  (Sonny Curtis)
# "See You in My Drums" (Meeham)

## References
Robert Batailly

**Robert Batailly** (2 March 1934 – 27 November 2017) was a French politician.

He was born in Bourg-de-Thizy, Batailly later moved to Lyon. Batailly was a member of the Radical Party, he sat on the European Parliament in 1989. Batailly was named a commander of the Legion of Honor in 2010.

Batailly died on 27 November 2017 at the age of 83.

## References
Medel (Lucmagn)

**Medel** is a municipality of the district Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Lukman Haruna

**Lukman Abdulkarim Haruna** (born 4 December 1990) is a Nigerian football player. He played for FC Dynamo Kyiv. He played as a midfielder.

## Club career statistics 
## International career statistics 
## Related pages 
* List of Nigerians

## References
Lutter, Haut-Rhin

**Lutter** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

## Related pages
* Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References
*INSEE commune file

## Other websites
Günther Jauch

**Günther Johannes Jauch** (born 13 July 1956) is a German television presenter. He was born in Münster, Germany. He is a member of the Hamburg Jauch family, but currently lives in Potsdam, Brandenburg with his wife Thea (Dorothea) Jauch and his four children.

Jauch has produced and hosted the prime time TV programme *Stern TV*, a television news magazine programme, on the private German RTL national TV network since 1990.

Jauch together with Thomas Gottschalk is also part of the German TV show *Die 2 - Gottschalk und Jauch gegen alle*.

In 2015, shortly after Stefan Raab had announced the end of his TV career, Jauch declared publicly that he intends to gradually reduce his appearance on TV too; stating that he will eventually give up his political talk show *Günther Jauch* on ARD and to focus on his other TV shows such as *Wer wird Millionär?* on RTL.

## References
Rhäzüns

**Rhäzuns** is a municipality in Imboden in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

It is known for its mineral water brand *Rhäzünser* and the beer *Rhäzünser Pils*.

## References
Luis Gutiérrez

**Luis Vicente Gutiérrez** (born December 10, 1953) is an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for , from 1993 to 2019. From 1986 until his election to Congress, he served as a member of the Chicago City Council representing the 26th ward. 

Gutiérrez is a member of the Democratic Party and was part of the Congressional Progressive Caucus.  In the 113th Congress, with his 20 years of service, Gutiérrez became, along with Bobby Rush, the longest serving member of the Illinois House delegation.

In November 2017, Gutierrez announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term, and not seek re-election in 2018.

## References
Belmiro de Azevedo

**Belmiro Mendes de Azevedo** (17 February 1938 – 29 November 2017) was a Portuguese entrepreneur. He was born in Tuias, Marco de Canaveses.

Azevedo was ranked by Forbes as the 605th richest person in the world (2008), as well as the 2nd richest in Portugal, with an estimated wealth of US$ 2 billion. He owned a controlling stake in Sonae SGPS. His was one of the largest business groups in Portugal, which also operates in Spain, Greece, Germany, Italy, Turkey and Brazil.

Azevedo died in the CUF Hospital in Porto on 29 November 2017 at the age of 79.

## References
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

nominated Richard Cordray as the bureau's first director in 2011]]

The **Consumer Financial Protection Bureau** (**CFPB**) is an agency of the United States government. It was established by President Barack Obama in 2011.

## What do they do?
It is responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector. They work within banks, credit unions, securities firms, payday lenders, mortgage-servicing operations, foreclosure relief services, debt collectors and other financial companies operating in the United States. 

## Creation
The CFPB's creation was made by the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, whose passage in 2010 was a legislative response to the financial crisis of 2007–08 and the eventual Great Recession. The CFPB was established as an independent agency, but this status is being reviewed by the U.S. Court of Appeals.

## Leadership
The CFPB is headed by a director who is appointed by the President for a five-year term. The bureau is also assisted by a Consumer Advisory Council, which is composed of at least six members who are recommended by regional Federal Reserve presidents.

The first director of the CFPB was Ohio politician Richard Cordray who served from 2012 through 2017. The current Acting Director is Russell Vought since February 7, 2025. On February 11, 2025, President Donald Trump nominated Jonathan McKernan to serve as director.

## 2020 Supreme Court decision
The Supreme Court of the United State (SCOTUS), in a 5-to-4 decision, ruled June 29, 2020, that the structure of the CFPB violates the separation-of-powers clause of the constitution since the bill directed that the CFPB director could be removed by the president only for "cause," defined as "inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office.

## List of directors
; Status

## Notes
## References
Life Is Strange

***Life Is Strange*** is a single-player graphic adventure video game. It was developed by Dontnod Entertainment. It was published by Square Enix. The game was released in five episodes during 2015 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One. A prequel, *Before the Storm*, was released in 2017. The first episode of the sequel, *Life Is Strange 2*, released in September 2018, with the other four parts to release over 2019.

The game features the protagonist, 18-year-old Max Caulfield, who finds out she can rewind time after saving her childhood friend, Chloe Price, from being killed. She must also try and stop an incoming storm that will hit her town Arcadia Bay, Oregon  in the United States.

## Episodes
* "Episode 1: Chrysalis" (30 January 2015)
* "Episode 2: Out of Time" (24 March 2015)
* "Episode 3: Chaos Theory" (19 May 2015)
* "Episode 4: Dark Room" (28 July 2015)
* "Episode 5: Polarized" (20 October 2015)

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Augustin-Louis Cauchy

**Augustin-Louis Cauchy** (21 August 1789 &ndash; 23 May 1857) was a French mathematician and physicist who made many important contributions to mathematical analysis and mathematical physics, including elasticity. Importantly, he created complex analysis, which studies complex functions and their properties. Cauchy graduated the École Polytechnique and École des Ponts ParisTech. Cauchy did not like mathematicians making assumptions, and he particularly did not like the way that earlier mathematicians, such as Euler and Lagrange, assumed that properties of finite expansions, meaning that we can count the number of terms, also worked for infinite series and matrix analysis. Cauchy was able to give examples of where this did not work, and called the assumptions that the earlier mathematicians made, the generality of algebra. More theorems have been named after Cauchy than any other mathematician in history.

## Related pages
*Cauchy distribution 
*Cauchy's integral formula 
*Cauchy sequence

## References 
*
German Army

The **German Army** (, 'army') is the land part of the armed forces of Germany. The current German Army was founded in 1955. It was part of the newly formed West German  together with the *Marine* (German Navy) and the *Luftwaffe* (German Air Force). , the German Army had 63,047 soldiers.

## References
Robert Bosch GmbH

**Robert Bosch GmbH** or simply **Bosch** is a German multinational engineering and electronics company. Its headquarters is in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany.

Bosch's core products are automotive components including brakes, controls, electrical drives, electronics, fuel systems, generators, starter motors and steering systems; industrial products, such as including drives and controls, packaging technology and consumer goods; and building products, including household appliances, power tools, security systems and thermotechnology.

Bosch has more than 350 subsidiaries across over 60 countries and its products are sold in around 150 countries.

The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Robert Bosch GmbH official website
Sargans

**Sargans** is a municipality in Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. As of December 2016, 6,063 people lived there.

Sargans is known for its castle, which dates from before the founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Kirsty MacColl

, March 1995]]
**Kirsty Anna MacColl** (10 October 1959 – 18 December 2000) was a British singer and songwriter. She performed the songs "They Don't Know" (1979) and "There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis" (1981). She also made cover versions of "A New England" by Billy Bragg and "Days" by The Kinks. She is well-known for singing on the Christmas song "Fairytale of New York" by The Pogues. She performed on many songs produced by her husband Steve Lillywhite.

MacColl was born in Croydon, Surrey, England. She was the daughter of folk singer Ewan MacColl (1915–1989) and dancer Jean Newlove (1923–2017). She was married to Steve Lillywhite from 1984 to 1994. The couple had two sons, Jamie and Louis.

MacColl died in an accident on 18 December 2000 in Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico. She was 41. She had been diving in a reef with her sons when a motorboat entered the restricted area. She was able to pull her son Jamie to safety but was hit by the propeller in doing so. She died at the moment of impact.

## References
## Other websites
*
Raj Kapoor

**Ranbir Raj Kapoor** (14 December 1924&nbsp;– 2 June 1988) was an Indian movie actor, producer and director.

Kapoor is thought of as one of the greatest and most influential actors and moviemakers in the history of Indian cinema.  Kapoor won many awards. These include 3 National Film Awards and 11 Filmfare Awards in India. He was nominated twice for the Palme d'Or grand prize at the Cannes Film Festival. His performance  in *Awaara* was named one of the top ten greatest performances of all time by *Time* magazine. His movies were popular worldwide, particularly in Asia and Europe.  He was called "the Clark Gable of the Indian film industry".

The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971.

## Early life
Kapoor was born in 1924 to Prithviraj Kapoor and Ramsarni Devi Kapoor. The Kapoor family is well known for their acting and directing in India. Kapoor's father, brothers, children and grandchildren have had success as actors or producers.

## Career
Kapoor was the lead actor for the first time in *Neel Kamal* (1947). His co-star was Madhubala. In 1947, he started his own movie company, R. K. Films. At 24 years old, he directed his first movie *Aag*. His co-star was Nargis. He and Nargis worked together in 16 movies, 6 of these were produced by Kapoor. His first major success as an actor was in the movie *Andaz* directed by Mehboob Khan. *Andaz* was the second-highest earning movie in 1949. The highest earning movie that year was *Barsaat*, also starring Kapoor.

He went on to produce and star in several hit movies made by his company including  *Awaara* (1951), *Shree 420* (1955), and *Jagte Raho* (1956). His movie *Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai*, directed by Radhu Karmakar, won Filmfare Award for Best Film. Kapoor also won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for the movie. Later in 1973, his movie *Bobby* became the highest earning movie of the year and the second highest earning movie of the 1970s at the Indian box office. The movie was the first lead role for Kapoor's son, Rishi Kapoor.

Later movies produced and directed by Kapoor focused on the female lead character. The movie *Prem Rog* (1982) with Padmini Kolhapure won the Filmfare Award for Best Director.

## Filmography 
## References
## Other websites
*
Umberto Pettinicchio

**Umberto Pettinicchio** (born 1943) is an Italian painter and sculptor. He was born in Torremaggiore, a town in Apulia. Later, he moved to Milan. In Milan he studied art at the Accademia di Brera. He had his first exhibition in 1969. His early paintings were in the expressionist style. His later paintings were more abstract. His 1981 painting *The Death of the Bull* is held in the Museo de Arte Moderno y Contemporáneo de Santander y Cantabria.

Umberto Pettinicchio was trained at the Brera Academy and in 1969 he began to exhibit in his first solo exhibitions, including at the Nuova Sfera, Milan, 1973 (curated by Carlo Munari), in 1977 at the Rome Triptych, in 1974 at Il Castello di Milano, in 1975 (edited by Raffaele De Grada). In 1976 Pettinicchio opened his Milan studio in via Bolzano, where he produced some of his important works with which he achieved international fame.

In the 1980s, he was always present at the most important exhibitions (at the Salotto di Como in 1980, at Il Castello di Milano in 1981, at Il Mercante di Milano in 1982), and was also enriched by important Spanish exhibitions (Sargadelos, Barcelona, 1982 , Piquio, Santander, 1982, at the VIII Madrid Biennial, 1983).

## Style 
The artist Umberto Pettinicchio has often dealt with the human figure in his pictorial research, initially in an expressionist style. Subsequently, his pictorial style becomes more and more abstract until finally reaching the Informal. Only a vaguely perceptible appearance remains of the figure, while, from a formal point of view, everything is distorted in the artist's pictorial gestures. Pettinicchio's gesture breaks the dimensional planes and transforms the human figure into a shapeless matter marked by large black lines. The one carried out by Pettinicchio seems a kind of brutalist operation in the vein of a Jean Dubuffet, but while the French gave much more importance to the subject, our artist solves everything through pictorial writing.

## Related pages
* List of Italian painters

## References
Siege of Leningrad

The **siege of Leningrad** was a siege in Leningrad during World War II. The siege started on 8 September 1941, when the last road to the city was severed. 

Although the Soviet Union forces managed to open a narrow path to the city on 18 January 1943, the siege was only stopped on 27 January 1944, 872 days after it began. It is thought of as one of the most destructive sieges ever to happen. It was possibly the heaviest in terms of casualties, killing over 1 million innocent people.
Also, because of the siege, no food was allowed to enter Leningrad, leaving the residents to eat things such as:
* Cats
* Sawdust
* Horses
* Wallpaper paste
* Human flesh (e.g babies)
* Anything that could be salvaged and was edible

Because of the German operations, no people or supply trucks were allowed to enter or leave the city, leaving the occupants without food often for weeks or months. Sometimes in winter an "ice road" operated on the ice of Lake Ladoga, bringing some food and supplies into the city and evacuating some civilians and wounded soldiers.

## Related pages
*Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" (Shostakovich)

## References
Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.

***Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.*** is an American sitcom television series. It ran for five seasons from 1964 to 1969, producing a total of 150 episodes. It became a spin-off of the American sitcom *The Andy Griffith Show* after the character Gomer Pyle became very popular. *Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.* was produced in what is now Paramount Television Studios. It originally aired on CBS.

*Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.* stars Jim Nabors as the main character, Gomer Pyle, who joins the United States Marine Corps as a Private First Class. It also stars Frank Sutton as Sergeant Carter who does not like Pyle's antics and finds ways to keep Pyle out of his way.
2001 southern Peru earthquake

The **2001 southern Peru earthquake** happened on Saturday, June 23, 2001 at around 3:30 PM local time. It had a magnitude of 8.4. It was felt by many parts of southern Peru, a country in South America. It is one of the deadliest earthquakes ever recorded in Peru.

## References
Lester Holt

**Lester Holt** (born March 8, 1959) is an American television show host for NBC. From 2015 until 2025, Holt was the anchor for the NBC Nightly News during the weekdays.

## References
Eluru

**Eluru** is the largest city in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is on the banks of Tammileru river. Eluru is one of the 14 municipal corporations, and headquarters of the Vijayawada mandal and West Godavari district. The city is well known for its wool-pile carpets and hand woven products.

Eluru Railway station is the major railway station which serves the city, others being Powerpet, Vatlur and Denduluru stations. Eluru is well connected to road and state run APS RTC bus services from major cities from Eluru New Bus Station and ariport is near to gannavaram that's about 35kms from eluru .

In this city where founde, in 1984, the Heralds of Good News.

## References
Adarsh Sein Anand

**Adarsh Sein Anand** (1 November 1936 – 1 December 2017) was an Indian politician and lawyer. He served as the 29th Chief Justice of India from 10 October 1998 to 31 October 2001. He was also Chief Justice of the Madras High Court (1989–1992) and the Jammu and Kashmir High Court (1985–1989). He was born in Jammu.

Anand died on 1 December 2017 in Noida at the age of 81.

## References