open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Catherine Tate

**Catherine Tate** (born **Catherine Jane Ford**; 5 December 1969 in London) is an English actress, comedian and writer. She is best known for playing Nellie Bertram in the American sitcom *The Office*. From 2004 to 2007, she hosted a skit comedy show titled *The Catherine Tate Show*.
Tate also played Donna Noble in the BBC One sci-fi series *Doctor Who*.

## References
Chernivtsi Oblast

**Chernivtsi Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of western Ukraine. The administrative centre is Chernivtsi. The population of Chernivtsi Oblast was 885,200 in 2023.

## References
Chernihiv Oblast

**Chernihiv Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Chernihiv. The population of Chernihiv Oblast was 1,061,000 in 2014.

In 2022 the Population  of **Chernihiv Oblast** is estimated to be 959,000 people

## References
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

**Dnipropetrovsk Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative centre is Dnipro. The population of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast was 3,286,000 in 2014.

## References
Kharkiv Oblast

**Kharkiv Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Kharkiv. The population of Kharkiv Oblast was 2,738,300 in 2013.

## References
Kherson Oblast

**Kherson Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of southern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Kherson.

Parts of the province are occupied by Russian soldiers (as of 2023).

## History 
During 2022, Russia invaded much of Kherson Oblast (see 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine); Ukraine lost control of the city of Kherson, from March to November 2022, because of the Battle of Kherson ended on March 2. On November 11, 2022, Ukraine again took control of the city of Kherson. As of 2023's fourth quarter, Russia is still in control of large parts (of Kherson Oblast) on the East side of the Dniepr river.

## Administrative divisions
Beryslav raion
* Beryslav (hromada)
* Borozenske
* Kalynivske
* Kochubeivka
* Mylove
* Novovorontsovka
* Novooleksandrivka
* Novoraisk
* Tiahynka
* Velyka Oleksandrivka
* Vysokopillia

Henichesk raion
* Henichesk (hromada)
* Ivanivka
* Novotroitske
* Nyzhni Sirohozy

Kakhovka raion
*Askania-Nova
* Chaplynka
* Hornostaivka
* Hryhorivka
* Kakhovka
* Khrestivka
* Kostiantynivka
* Liubymivka
* Nova Kakhovka
* Rubanivka
* Tavriisk
* Tavrychanka
* Velyka Lepetykha
* Verkhnii Rohachyk
* Zelenyi Pid

*Kherson raion
** Bilozerka (hromada)
** Chornobaivka
** Darivka
** Kherson
** Muzykivka
** Oleshky
** Stanislav
** Velyki Kopani
** Vynohradove
** Yuvileine

Skadovsk raion
* Bekhtery
* Chulakivka
* Dolmativka
* Hola Prystan
* Kalanchak
* Lazurne
* Myrne
* Novomykolaivka
* Skadovsk

## References
Kyiv Oblast

**Kyiv Oblast** (also known as **Kiev Oblast**) (, is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative centre is Kyiv. The population of Kyiv Oblast was 1,723,000 in 2013.

Economy: A rocket factory owned by Ukroboronprom (a company owned by the government) was damaged in April 2022 during the Russian-Ukraine war.

## References
1958 Atlantic hurricane season

The **1958 Atlantic hurricane season** included every tropical cyclone either affecting or threatening land. There were ten named storms as well as one pre-season tropical depression.
Lilac Fire

The **Lilac Fire** was a wildfire that burned in Bonsall, California. The fire burned through 4,100 acres. The fire threatened the cities of Oceanside, Vista and Bonsall.

The fire was first reported on 7 December 2017 at 11:15 AM PST.

Governor Jerry Brown issued a state of emergency for San Diego County. California State University San Marcos and Palomar College cancelled classes and were closed for the rest of the week.

On 16 December, the fire was fully contained.

The fire was part of the December 2017 Southern California wildfires.

## References
Alamo Fire (2017)

The **Alamo Fire** was a wildfire in San Luis Obispo County, California. The fire started on July 6, 2017 at 3:44 PM and destroyed 28,687 acres. The fire was near the Twitchell Reservoir. It was fully contained on 19 July 2017. The fire destroyed one house and one structure. The cause is still being investigated.

## References
Time in Greece

(WET)** observed all year in Iceland. **Western European Time (WET)** and **Western European Summer Time (WEST)** observed in Ireland, United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Canary Islands. In Ireland and the United Kingdom, this is known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and Irish Standard Time (IST) and British Summer Time (BST). **Central European Time (CET)** and **Central European Summer Time (CEST)** observed from Norway to Southern Europe. **Eastern European Time (EET)** observed all year in Kaliningrad, Russia. **Eastern European Time (EET)** and **Eastern European Summer Time (EEST)** is observed from Finland to Greece. **Further-eastern European Time (FET)** is observed in Belarus, western Russia and Turkey.]]
**Greece''' uses Eastern European Time (EET) (UTC+02:00) during winter, and Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) (UTC+03:00) during summer. Greece observes daylight saving time, switching at 03:00 EET on the last Sunday in March and 04:00 EET on the last Sunday in October.

## References
The Blue Marble

***The Blue Marble*** is a photograph of the Earth. It was made on December 2, 1972, by the crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft. At that time they were on their way to the Moon at a distance of about  from the Earth. It is one of the most reproduced images in human history.

## Related pages
* Earth phase
* Extraterrestrial sky
* *Pale Orange Dot* (Early Earth)
* Spaceship Earth

## References
Wikipedia administrators

**Wikipedia administrators** are senior, trusted volunteers who have been selected by the Wikipedia community. They are also known as admins, sysops, and janitors. Administrators are chosen after a successful request for adminship. As of  , there are  administrators on the Simple English Wikipedia. Administrators have special rights that other editors do not have.

On Wikipedia, becoming an admin is often referred to as being "given [or taking up] the mop", 

In his book *Wikipedia – The Missing Manual*, John Broughton states that while many people think of administrators on Wikipedia as judges, that is not the purpose of the role. Instead, he says, admins usually "delete pages" and "protect pages involved in edit wars".

## History on the English Wikipedia
In 2006, there were about 1,000 administrators on the English Wikipedia, and in 2020 about 1,100. These administrators live in different parts of the world. 

In July 2012, it was reported that Wikipedia was "running out of administrators". This was because in 2006-2007 an average of 40-50 new administrators were selected. In the first six months of 2012 only 9 new administrators were selected. But the co-founder of Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, did not believe that this was a serious problem. He also did not believe Wikipedia was running out of admins. In fact, he thought the number of admins did not change much. Wales said earlier that being an admin is "not a big deal”. He also said that "It's merely a technical matter that the powers given to sysops are not given out to everyone.” He said this in a message he sent to the English Wikipedia mailing list on February 11, 2003. 

## Requests for adminship (RfA)
The first Wikipedia administrators were selected by Jimmy Wales himself in October 2001. Any registered editor may nominate themselves, or may request another editor to do so. The process has been said to be "akin to putting someone through the Supreme Court" by Andrew Lih, a scientist and professor who is himself an administrator on the English Wikipedia. Lih also said, "It's pretty much a hazing ritual at this point", in contrast to how the process worked early in Wikipedia's history, when all one had to do to become an admin was "prove you weren't a bozo". This RfA process was started after RfAs attracted a lot of attention. Before the middle of 2005, RfAs did not attract a lot of attention. But then RfAs started attracting groups of editors who all supported one another.

## Role
When an editor becomes an admin, they are given abilities to perform certain duties. Admins can do messy cleanup work more easily than other editors. Admins can block the accounts of disruptive users. Another paper, presented at the 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, analyzed data from all 1,551 requests for adminship from January 2006 to October 2007 to find out which (if any) of the criteria recommended in Wikipedia's *Guide to requests for adminship* page were the best predictors of whether the user in question would actually become an admin.

## Related pages
* Administrators

## References
Detwiler Fire

The **Detwiler Fire** was a wildfire in Mariposa County, California. The fire burned 81,826 acres, and was one of the worst wildfires in the 2017 California wildfire season. The fire also destroyed 63 homes.

The fire was first reported on 16 July 2017 at 3:56 PM PST, and was located near Lake McClure. After 3 hours, the fire already burned 1,000 acres and it spread towards the northeast. On 17 July 2017, the fire grew to 7,100 acres. The intense heat and windy conditions made it hard to contain the fire. Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency on 18 July 2017. The Yosemite National Park remained open, but some access roads were closed.

On 21 July, the fire was 15% contained but burned through 74,083 acres. By that point, 58 homes were destroyed. In the next few days, the fire department helped control a big portion of the fire. On 26 July, the fire was 65% contained. The fire finally ended on 10 August, after 25 days of burning.

The fire was caused by firearms, but no more information was released to the public.

## References
Stierva

**Stierva** was a municipality of the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.
Israel Standard Time

**Israel Standard Time (IST)** is a time zone that is observed in Israel during winter time. IST is 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+02:00). During daylight saving time (DST), it observes **Israel Daylight Time** (IDT).

## References
Guillaume Bieganski

**Guillaume Bieganski** (3 November 1932 – 8 October 2016) was a French football player.

Bieganski died on 8 October 2016, at the age of 83.

## References
Masevaux

**Masevaux** is a former commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Masevaux-Niederbruck.

## References
Time in Germany

The **time zone in Germany** uses Central European Time (*Mitteleuropäische Zeit*, *MEZ*; UTC+01:00) and Central European Summer Time (*Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit*, *MESZ*; UTC+02:00). Daylight saving time (DST) is observed from the last Sunday in March (02:00 CET) to the last Sunday in October (03:00 CEST).
Roland Taylor

**Roland Morris "Fatty" Taylor** (March 13, 1946 – December 7, 2017) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Washington, D.C.. He played for the Virginia Squires from 1969 through 1974 and again from 1975 through 1976. He also played for the Denver Nuggets from 1974 through 1975 and again from 1976 through 1977.

Taylor died on December 7, 2017 at the age of 71 from male breast cancer in Denver, Colorado.

## References
## Other websites
*Career stats
Vladimir Curbet

**Vladimir Curbet**  (5 December 1930 – 8 December 2017) was a Moldovan choreographer. From 1957 until his death in late 2017, he was the 13th director of the Moldovan national folk dance ensemble Joc. He was born in Susleni, Orhei. He was awarded People's Artist of the USSR in 1981.

Curbet died on 8 December 2017, 3 days after his 87th birthday in Chișinău, Moldova.

## References
## Other websites
The Facts of Life

***The Facts of Life*** is an American comedy-drama television series. The series ran from August 24, 1979 until May 7, 1988. It was one of the longest-running television sitcoms of the 1980s. It is set in a private boarding school in upstate New York.

Molly Ringwald played Molly Parker. Mindy Cohn played Natalie Green. Cloris Leachman played Beverly Ann Stickle. Kim Fields played Tootie. Charlotte Rae played Edna.

The show dealt with topics and subjects including cerebral palsy, eating disorders, college and loss of virginity.

*The Facts of Life* was released on DVD in the 2000s and 2010s.

The show was low rated at first. But in later seasons, starting from 1980, *The Facts of Life* had higher ratings between then and 1988.

## International airings
* In Latin America, Brazil and Mexico, Warner Channel aired the series from 1995 until 2000. Reruns were shown on Nick at Nite, airing from 2006 until 2007, when the show may have been taken off the air. TBS began airing reruns from 2011 until 2016.

* In Mexico, MeTV aired *The Facts of Life* from 1995 until 2003, then again from 2008 to present.

* In Germany, the show aired in reruns on Nickelodeon from 1995 until 1998, and Disney Channel later broadcast the series from 1999 until 2005.

* In Australia, ABC Television began airing the show around Christmas 1980, until the show was taken off the air in 1993. Nickelodeon began airing the reruns from 1997 until 2004. The series also aired on Disney Channel from 1996 until 2000.

* In Italy, La5 broadcast *The Facts of Life* for five seasons from 1983 to 1986. Reruns later aired on Nickelodeon from 2004 to 2007.

* In Canada, YTV aired reruns of the show from 1996 until 2000.

## Other websites
* 

## References
George Frederick Addison

**George Frederick Addison** (1889-1954) was an Australian architect, who designed many heritage listed buildings in Brisbane, Queensland. 

George Frederick Addison was born October 10, 1889 in Brisbane, Queensland to architect George Henry Male Addison and his wife, Emily Maude. 

He studied at the Brisbane Central Technical College.

## War Service 
Addison enlisted in the Australian Infantry Force in 1914, serving at Gallipoli during the First World War where he was wounded. He also served in Egypt and France.

## Career 
Addison entered into practice with his father in 1919, as G H M Addison and Son. It is probable he completed the drawings begun by his father for the Bulimba and Hawthorn ferry terminals.

He entered a partnership with H.S. MacDonald from 1928-1946.
* Bulk Store, and offices of Castlemaine Perkins, 418 Adelaide Street and at Castlemaine Brewery, Milton(1928-1929)
* the English Scottish & Australian Bank Building
* a number of buildings at Brisbane’s Doomben racecourse, including the totaliser (1932)
* the Mt Thompson Crematorium (based on the original plans of the Heath firm of Melbourne) (1934)
* renovations to Hotel Orient and other Castlemaine Perkins hotels including Belfast Hotel in Queen Street, Brisbane, Hotel Cecil in Southport, Caledonian Hotel in Ipswich, Leichhardt Hotel in Spring Hill, National Hotel in Warwick, Governor Blackall Hotel in Toowoomba, Newtown Hotel in Toowoomba (1937 onwards)
* Goondiwindi Civic Centre (1937)

* Addison and M.L. Conrad designed the grandstand at Eagle Farm racecourse.

Addison died on December 10, 1954 and was survived by his wife, and son Peter George Addison.

## References
Male breast cancer

**Male breast cancer** (**male breast neoplasm**) is a rare cancer in males that originates from the breast. Many males with breast cancer have got it through a *BRCA* mutation, but there are other causes, including alcohol abuse and exposure to certain hormones and ionizing radiation. The optimal treatment is currently not known.

## Staging 
In addition to TNM staging surgical staging for breast cancer is used; it is the same as in female breast cancer and facilitates treatment and analysis.

### Stage I 
Stage I is an invasive breast cancer with the tumor not exceeding 2&nbsp;cm and absence of lymph node involvement.

### Stage II 
Stage II includes stages IIA and IIB.

## References
Arthrostylidium distichum

***Arthrostylidium distichum*** is a species of *Arthrostylidium* bamboo in the grass family.

## Distribution 
*Arthrostylidium distichum* native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, and southern Mexico.

## References
Ivo Frosio

**Ivo Frosio** (27 April 1930 – 18 April 2019) was a Swiss football midfielder who played for Switzerland in the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Grasshopper Club Zürich and FC Lugano.

## References
## Other websites
*FIFA profile
Karl Hohmann

**Karl Hohmann** (18 June 1908 in Düsseldorf – 31 March 1974 in Benrath) was a German football player.
Caldas Department

**Caldas Department** is a department of Colombia. It is named after Colombian patriotic figure Francisco José de Caldas. The capital is Manizales. In 2013, 984,128 people lived there.

## Municipalities 
These municipalities are in the department:

# Aguadas
# Anserma
# Aranzazu
# Belalcázar
# Chinchiná
# Filadelfia
# La Dorada
# La Merced
# **Manizales**
# Manzanares
# Marmato
# Marquetalia
# Marulanda
# Neira
# Norcasia
# Pácora
# Palestina
# Pensilvania
# Riosucio
# Risaralda
# Salamina
# Samaná
# San José
# Supía
# Victoria
# Villamaría
# Viterbo
Bikol languages

**Bikol languages** are a group of language spoken by people in the Bicol region on southeastern Luzon in the Philippines. They was highly affected by the Spanish language. They are spoken mostly on the Bicol Peninsula of the island of Luzon,  parts of Catanduanes and Burias Islands and Masbate province. There are similar to the Visayan languages. The two together are called the Bisacol languages. Central Bicol or Bicol-Naga is the most spoken language in the Bicol region. It is spoken in the northern and western part of Camarines Sur, second congressional district of Camarines Norte, eastern part of Albay, northeastern part of Sorsogon, San Pascual town of Masbate and southwestern part of Catanduanes. Central Bicol speakers can be found in all the provinces in Bicol, It is a majority language in Camarines Sur.

## Other websites
*
Caquetá Department

**Caquetá Department** is a department in the southern Colombia in the Amazonas region. Caquetá is next to the departments of Cauca and Huila to the west, the department of Meta to the north, the department of Guaviare to the northeast, the department of Vaupés to the east, the departments of Amazonas and Putumayo to the south. Its area is 88,965&nbsp;km². The capital is the city of Florencia. In 2013, 465,477 people lived there.

## Municipalities 
These municipalities are in the department:
# Albania
# Belén de Andaquies
# Cartagena del Chairá
# Curillo
# El Doncello
# El Paujil
# **Florencia**
# La Montañita
# Milán
# Morelia
# Puerto Rico
# San José de la Fragua
# San Vicente del Caguán
# Solano
# Solita
# Valparaíso

## Other websites 
* Government of Caquetá official website
Albula/Alvra

**Albula/Alvra** is a municipality of the district Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2015, the municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava joined and became the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Vaz/Obervaz

**Vaz/Obervaz** is a municipality of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## Villages 
Lenzerheide, Valbella, Lain, Muldain, Zorten, Nivaigl, Fuso, Trantermoira, Sporz, Tgantieni, Sartons, Creusen, and Obersolis.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of Vaz/Obervaz (in German)
Lenzerheide

**Lenzerheide** () is a ski resort in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It is below Parpaner Rothorn. It is in the municipality of Vaz/Obervaz.

Lenzerheide is popular as skiing resort and for its lake (Heidsee) that is frozen in winter.

At the end of 2013 the Lenzerheide ski resort was linked with Arosa by cable-car, creating the new ski resort of Arosa Lenzerheide.

## Other websites 
* Website of tourist office of Lenzerheide
Riom-Parsonz

**Riom-Parsonz** was a  municipality of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016, the municipalities of Riom-Parsonz,
Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged into the new municipality of Surses.
Sur, Switzerland

**Sur** () was a municipality, in the new municipality of Surses and the district Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
Mertzen

**Mertzen** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. It is 10 km southwest of Altkirch and 22 km southeast of Belfort.

## Related pages
* Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References
*INSEE commune file
Merxheim, Haut-Rhin

**Merxheim** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. In 2014, 1,278 people lived there. They are called *Merxheimois*.

## Population
## Related pages
* Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References
*INSEE commune file

## Other websites
Landser

**Landser** can mean:
* Landser (band), a German Neo-Nazi band
* Landser, Haut-Rhin, a commune in Alsace, France
Merxheim

**Merxheim** can mean:
* Merxheim, Haut-Rhin, a commune in France
* Merxheim, a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Israel Daylight Time

**Israel Daylight Time** (**IDT**; ) is a time zone used in Israel during daylight saving time. It is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+03:00). Daylight saving time is observed in Israel from the last Friday in March and ends on the last Sunday in October.

## References
Time in Namibia

**Namibia** uses Central Africa Time (CAT) (UTC+02:00) year-round since September 2017.From 1994 until 2017, the country used West Africa Time (WAT) (UTC+01:00) during winter and West Africa Summer Time (WAST) (UTC+02:00) during daylight saving time. Namibia introduced a new bill on February 23, 2017, to get rid of time changes in the country.The bill went into effect on September 3, 2017.

## References
Joe Newton

**Joe Newton** (1929 – December 9, 2017) was an American high school cross country and track coach. He was a coach at York High School in Elmhurst, Illinois. He coached for over fifty years. He won 28 Illinois state cross country titles and one track state title. A documentary, *The Long Green Line*, about his life and career was made.

Newton died on December 9, 2017, at the age of 88.

## References
Inanna

**Inanna** is the goddess of love, war, and fertility. She was also closely associated with feminine beauty, sex (and sexual desire), and political power in Sumerian mythology; she is more commonly known as "**Ishtar**" , the name under which she was worshipped by the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Known as the "Queen of Heaven", Innana was one of the most popular deities in Sumerian religion, with the city of Uruk being the center of her cult. Her symbols included the lion, dove and the eight-pointed star.

## Notes
## References
Yılmaz Erdoğan

**Yılmaz Erdoğan** (born 4 November 1967 in Hakkâri, Turkey) is a Turkish actor and filmmaker. He is most famous for the movie *Vizontele* and the television series Bir Demet Tiyatro in Turkey. He has also won the Australian film award for Best Supporting Actor.

## Filmography
**Vizontele*  Director, Writer and Actor
**Bir Demet Tiyatro* Writer and Actor
**Vizontele Tuuba* Director, Writer and Actor
**Magic Carpet Ride* Director, Writer and Actor
**Bir Demet Tiyatro* Writer and Actor
**Jolly Life* Director, Writer and Actor
**Eyyvah Eyvah*  	Producer
**Once Upon a Time in Anatolia* Actor

## References
*
Dan Harmon

.]]
**Daniel** "**Dan**" **Harmon** (born January 3, 1973) is an American writer, producer and voice actor. He is best known for creating the NBC comedy series *Community* (2009–2015). He also co-created the animated Adult Swim sitcom *Rick and Morty* (2013–present) with Justin Roiland. He voices the character Bird Person on *Rick and Morty*.

Harmon was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was married to Erin McGathy from 2014 to 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*
Atsutoshi Nishida

was a Japanese business executive. He began working at Toshiba in 1975. He served as president of Toshiba from 2005 to 2009. He was born in Mie Prefecture. He studied at Waseda University and the University of Tokyo.

Nishida died of a heart attack in Tokyo on 8 December 2017. He was 73.

## References
Santo Monti

**Santo Monti** (1855 - June 4, 1923) was an Italian priest and historian.

Monti was born in Como. He studied for the Catholic priesthood at the Villoresi di Monza seminary. He was ordained as a priest in 1879. The Bishop of Como encouraged Monti to study theology in Rome. Monti received his degree in theology in 1880. His first job as a priest was in Urio, a small town in Province of Como. Then he was a priest at the church of San Giorgio in Como until 1881. After 1881, he was the chaplain of the church's cemetery.

He was very active in the cultural life of Como. In 1888, he became vice-president of the Como Historical Society. In 1906, he became the president of the society. He served as the president until, he died in 1923. He was also the curator of the Civic Museum of Como and a member of the Provincial Commission for the Conservation of Monuments. Monti died in Como.

## References
What If (movie)

***What If*** is a 2014 romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Michael Dowse. The movie stars Daniel Radcliffe and Zoe Kazan.
Maurice Green

**Maurice Green** (May 5, 1926 &ndash; December 5, 2017) was an American virologist. His research career spanned more than 60 years. He was thought as a pioneer in the study of animal viruses, in particular their role in cancer. Green founded the Institute of Molecular Virology  at St. Louis University School of Medicine in the late 1950s, and served as its Chairman until his death in 2017. He was born in New York City.

Green died in St. Louis, Missouri on December 5, 2017 of natural causes at the age of 91.

## References
Louis Henri de Pardaillan de Gondrin

**Louis Henri de Pardaillan, Marquis of Montespan** (1640 – 1 December 1691) was a French nobleman and Marquis an the husband of Françoise de Rochechouart. He was also a knight of honour" to Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, *Madame* Louis Henri's only son Louis Antoine would be created a duke. Louis Henri's title was a subsidiary one of his father's. 

## Marriage
In February 1663 he married Françoise de Rochechouart, *Mademoiselle de Mortemart* They would have two children together. 

## Children
# Marie Christine de Pardaillan (17 November 1663 - 1675)  died unmarried and childless. 
# Louis Antoine de Pardaillan, Marquis of Antin (5 September 1664 – 2 November 1736); later Duke of Antin, married Julie Françoise de Crussol and had children.

## References and notes
Booza

ice cream shop in the Al-Hamidiyah Market in the Old city of Damascus]]**Booza** (, also called: **Arabic ice cream**) is an ice cream that is dense and elastic.  It is made with "sahlab (Arabic: سَحْلَب) or salep" with mastic, and its texture allows it to hold shapes and causes it to melt more slowly. this type is most common in the Eastern Mediteranean. There are ice cream sellers who show tourists where they grind the "mastic resin" with a mortar and pestle while singing and playing. The preparation of the ice cream is a real art when the sellers prepare ice cream in deep containers and when the texture becomes hard preparation is done with big Mortar made of wood while drumming and playing on the ice cream until the ice cream is ready

## Related pages 
* Bakdash
* Dondurma

## Other websites 
* Recipe for Arabic Ice Cream
Jacques Simon

**Jacques "Jacky" Simon** (25 March 1941 – 5 December 2017) was a French football player. He was born in Omonville-la-Rogue, France.

He was part of France national football team at the FIFA World Cup 1966.

Simon died on 5 December 2017 at the age of 76.

## References
Tinizong-Rona

**Tinizong-Rona** was a municipality in the Albula district in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

It was formed in 1998 from the villages of *Tinizong* and *Rona*. The local administration was in Tinizong.

Since 2016, became a part of the new Surses municipality.
Salouf

**Salouf** was a municipality, in the new municipality of Surses and the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
Surses

**Sursés** (Romansh, ) is a valley region () and new municipality of the district Albula of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of Surses (in Romansh), 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Sunny Murray

**James Marcellus Arthur** "**Sunny**" **Murray** (September 21, 1936 – December 8, 2017) was an American jazz drummer. He was one of the pioneers of the free jazz style of drumming. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He later recorded under his own name for ESP-Disk and then when he moved to Europe for BYG Actuel.

Murray died on December 8, 2017 from unspecified causes at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* *Brainy History*
* Audio Recordings of WCUW Jazz Festivals - Jazz History Database
* Interview (2003)
* Interview (November 2000)
Rapperswil-Jona

**Rapperswil-Jona** (short: **Rappi**) is a municipality in See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is at the east side of Lake Zurich (*Zürichsee*). As of December 2016, 26,962 people lived there.

On 1 January 2007, the municipalities Rapperswil and Jona joined together to become the new municipality of Rapperswil-Jona.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Rapperswil-Jona (official site) 
*Capuchin monastery 
*University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil, HSR (university)
*A brief history of Rapperswil 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Vals

**Vals** is the word for waltz in many European languages.

Vals may also refer to:
 
*Vals-les-Bains, France
*Vals, Ariège, France
*Vals, Switzerland
*Vals, Austria
*Vals River, South Africa
Metzeral

**Metzeral** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

## Geography 
### Location 
The village of Metzeral is nestled in the heart of the Fecht Valley, at the junction of the Mittlach and Sondernach valleys, 6 km upstream from Munster. The municipal territory includes a wide strip of ridges, even beyond the neighboring village of Mittlach.

### Geology and relief 
Metzeral owes its reputation to the mountains that surround it.

Located at an altitude of approximately 490 meters, Metzeral has some 1,100 inhabitants.

Its location in the heart of the Vosges mountains is an asset from a tourist point of view.

## Related pages
* Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## Other websites
James Joseph Brady

**James Joseph Brady** (February 29, 1944 – December 9, 2017) was an American lawyer. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He served as the District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana from 2000 until his death in 2017. He was appointed by President Bill Clinton. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Brady was active at the time of his death and had been scheduled to preside over a case of an individual charged with attempting to steal President Donald Trump's tax returns, with jury selection scheduled to begin just two days after his death. 

Brady died in Baton Rouge, Louisiana on December 9, 2017 of a heart attack at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
*FJC Bio
Lando Fiorini

**Lando Fiorini** (born **Leopoldo Fiorini**; 27 January 1938 – 9 December 2017) was an Italian actor and singer.  He was known for having sung songs from Rome in Italian and Romanesco. His cabaret show *Ma ‘ndo vai se il decoder non-ce l’hai* satirized Italian television.

Fiorini died in Rome, Italy on 9 December 2017 of mesothelioma at the age of 79.

## References
Manno Charlemagne

**Manno (Emmanuel) Charlemagne** (1948 – 10 December 2017) was a Haitian political folk singer-songwriter and acoustic guitarist, political activist and politician. He was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. He lived abroad in exile twice, both during the 1980s and again during the years 1991-1994, when the country was ruled by a military *junta* led by Raoul Cédras.

Charlemagne took up guitar and singing at the age of 16 and by 1968 formed a band named *Les Remarquables.* He later started a twoubadou  band named *Les Trouvères* with Marco Jeanty.

In 1995, Charlemagne was elected mayor of Port-au-Prince after running as an independent candidate. He served as mayor until 1999.

Charlemagne died in Miami Beach, Florida of laryngeal cancer on 10 December 2017 at the age of 69.

## References
Antonio Riboldi

**Antonio Riboldi, I.C.**  (16 January 1923 – 10 December 2017) was an Italian Prelate of Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Triuggio, Italy.

Riboldi was ordained a priest on 29 June 1951 from the religious order of the Institute of Charity. Riboldi was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Acerra on 25 January 1978 and ordained on 11 March 1978. Riboldi retired from the diocese of Acerra on 7 December 1999.

Riboldi died on 10 December 2017 at his home in Stresa, Italy of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*Catholic-Hierarchy
*Acerra Diocese
Atlántico Department

**Atlántico** is a department on the northern coast of Colombia. It is bordered to the north by the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south by Bolívar (separated by the Canal del Dique), and to the east by Magdalena (separated by the Magdalena River). Its capital city is Barranquilla.

Atlántico is the most urbanized department in Colombia, as 9 out of 10 people there live in urban areas.

## Municipalities 
These municipalities are in the department:
# Baranoa
# Barranquilla
# Campo de la Cruz
# Candelaria
# Galapa
# Juan de Acosta
# Luruaco
# Malambo
# Manatí
# Palmar de Varela
# Piojó
# Polonuevo
# Ponedera
# Puerto Colombia
# Repelón
# Sabanagrande
# Sabanalarga
# Santa Lucía
# Santo Tomás
# Soledad
# Suán
# Tubará
# Usiacurí

## References
Volodymyr Groysman

**Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman** (; born January 20, 1978) is a Ukrainian politician. He became the Prime Minister of Ukraine on 14 April 2016. He is of Jewish descent.

## References
## Other websites
Les Whitten

**Leslie Hunter "Les" Whitten Jr.** (February 21, 1928 &ndash; December 1, 2017) was an American investigative reporter. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He worked at the *Washington Merry-Go-Round* under Jack Anderson, as well as novelist and translator of French poetry Baudelaire. He was arrested by the FBI and was spied on by the CIA during his career.

Whitten died in Adelphi, Maryland of sepsis on December 1, 2017 at the age of 89.

## References
Simeon Booker

**Simeon Booker** (August 27, 1918 – December 10, 2017) was an African-American journalist. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland, but was raised in Youngstown, Ohio. His work appeared in leading news publications for more than 50 years. He was known for his journalistic works during the Civil Rights Movement and for his coverage of the 1955 murder of 14-year-old Emmett Till. 

Booker worked for *The Washington Post*, *Jet* and *Ebony*. In February 2017, 17 Congressmembers introduced a bipartisan bill nominating Booker for a Congressional Gold Medal.

Booker died on December 10, 2017 at an assisted-living community in Solomons, Maryland from pneumonia-related complications, at the age of 99. He was survived by his wife Carol and their son Teddy.

## References
Arauca Department

**Arauca Department** () is a department in the eastern Colombia. It is next to Venezuela. The capital is Arauca

## Municipalities 
These seven municipalities are in the department:
# Arauca
# Arauquita
# Cravo Norte
# Fortul
# Puerto Rondón
# Saravena
# Tame
Casanare Department

**Casanare Department** is a department in the central eastern region of Colombia. The capital is Yopal.

## Municipalities 
These municipalities are in the department:
# Aguazul
# Chámeza
# Hato Corozal
# La Salina
# Maní
# Monterrey
# Nunchía
# Orocué
# Paz de Ariporo
# Pore
# Recetor
# Sabanalarga
# Sácama
# San Luis de Palenque
# Támara
# Tauramena
# Trinidad
# Villanueva
# **Yopal**

## Other websites 
* Government of Casanare official website
Baked beans

**Baked beans** is a dish made of beans, sometimes baked but, despite the name, usually stewed, in a sauce. 

Most commercially canned baked beans are made from haricot beans, also known as navy beans (a variety of *Phaseolus vulgaris*) in a sauce. 

## Varieties
In Ireland and the United Kingdom, a tomato sauce containing a dozen seasonings is most commonly used, and they are commonly eaten on toasted white bread or as part of a full English, Scottish, or Irish Breakfast. Some Americans have been known to dislike the dish.

## References
Time in Ethiopia

**Ethiopia** uses East Africa Time (EAT) (UTC+03:00) and has never observed daylight saving time.

## References
2016–17 South America floods

Heavy rain caused flooding in Ecuador and Peru from December 2016 to May 2017. It killed 113 people and left 18 people missing. Many roads were destroyed. Dramatic rescues went online, including a woman being rescued from a mudslide and another showing a mudslide hitting a village.

## References
Viktor Potapov

**Viktor Yakovlevich Potapov ** (; 29 March 1947 — 10 December 2017) was a Russian sailor. He was born in Dolgoprudny, Russia. He won a bronze medal in the *Finn class* at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Potapov died in Dolgoprudny on 10 December 2017 at the age of 70.

## References
## Other websites
* Profile  at sports-reference.com
Jack Welch

**John Francis "Jack" Welch Jr.** (November 19, 1935 &ndash; March 1, 2020) was an American retired business executive, author, and chemical engineer. He was chairman and CEO of General Electric between 1981 and 2001.

In 2006, Welch's net worth was estimated at $720 million. When he retired from GE he received a severance payment of $417 million, the largest such payment in history.

Welch died on March 1, 2020 of renal failure at his home in Manhattan at the age of 84.

## References
Beans On Toast (musician)

**Beans On Toast** (born 1 December 1980) is the stage name of British folk singer **Jay McAllister**. He is from Braintree, Essex. He rose to fame out of the UK folk scene in 2005. His songwriting openly deals with the topics of politics, drugs and love. Beans on Toast has released eight studio albums, traditionally releasing a new record each year on 1 December, McAllister's birthday.

## Discography 
### Studio albums
* *Standing On A Chair* (1 December 2009)
* *Ejaculating on the Wall* (1 December 2010)
* *Trying to Tell the Truth* (1 December 2011)
* *Fishing for a Thank You* (1 December 2012)
* *Giving Everything* (1 December 2013)
* *The Grand Scheme of Things* (1 December 2014)
* *Rolling Up The Hill* (1 December 2015)
* *A Spanner In The Works* (1 December 2016)
* *Cushty* (1 December 2017)

### Compilations
* *Rock Against Malaria* (2009) Eunuch Records
* *Live at Scala (25 September 2013)
* *Best of Toast Pressed on Vinyl (19 April 2014)

## References
## Other websites
*
Jewel-Osco

**Jewel-Osco** is a supermarket chain headquartered in Itasca, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. 

Jewel-Osco has 185 stores across northern, central, and western Illinois; eastern Iowa; and portions of northwest Indiana. 

Jewel-Osco and Jewel are currently wholly owned subsidiary of Boise, Idaho-based Albertsons. The company original started as a door-to-door coffee delivery service before it expanded into delivering non-perishable groceries and later into grocery stores, and supermarkets. 

Before to its 1984 acquisition by American Stores, Jewel evolved into a large multi-state holding company that operated several supermarket chains and other non-food retail chain stores located from coast to coast and had operated under several different brand names.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Ronald Venetiaan

**Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan** (June 18, 1936 &ndash; November 5, 2025) was a Surinamese politician and mathematician. He served as the 6th and 8th President of Suriname. His first term as president ran from 1991 to 1996. In 2005 he was re-elected to serve a third term as president and sworn in on August 12, 2005.

Venetiaan died on November 5, 2025 from a long-illness in Paramaribo, Suriname at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
Lalji Singh

in 1992]]
**Lalji Singh** (5 July 1947 – 10 December 2017) was an Indian scientist. He was best known for his the field of DNA fingerprinting technology in India. He was popularly known as the "Father of Indian DNA fingerprinting". He also worked in the areas of molecular basis of sex determination, wildlife conservation forensics and evolution and migration of humans. In 2004, he received the Padma Shri for his service to Indian science and technology. He was born in Kalwari, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh.

Singh died on 10 December 2017 in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh of a heart attack, at the age of 70.

## References
Kazimierz Pawełek

**Kazimierz Pawełek** (21 February 1936 – 3 December 2017) was a Polish journalist and politician. He served in the Polish Senate from 2001 to 2005 as a member of the Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union. In the 1970s, he became the editor of *Głos Budowlanych*. He also worked for the newspapers *Dziennik Polski* and *Kurier Lubelski*. He was born in Bochnia.

Pawełek died on 3 December 2017, at the age of 81.

## References
Kirovohrad Oblast

**Kirovohrad Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative centre is Kropyvnytskyi. The population of Kirovohrad Oblast was 991,600 in 2013.

## References
Luhansk Oblast

**Luhansk Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Luhansk. The population of Luhansk Oblast was 2,233,000 in 2014.

## Administrative divisions
* Alchevsk Raion
**Alchevsk (hromada)
** Kadiivka
** Zymohiria
* Dovzhansk Raion
** Dovzhansk
** Sorokyne
* Luhansk
** Luhansk
** Lutuhyne
** Molodohvardiisk
* Rovenky
** Antratsyt
** Khrustalnyi
** Rovenky
* Shchastia
** Nyzhnioteple
** Novoaidar
** Shchastia
** Shyrokyi
** Stanytsia Luhanska
* Sievierodonetsk
** Hirske
** Kreminna
** Lysychansk
** Popasna
** Rubizhne
** Sievierodonetsk
* Starobilsk
** Bilovodsk
** Bilolutsk
** Chmyrivka
** Markivka
** Milove
** Novopskov
** Shulhynka
** Starobilsk
* Svatove
** Bilokurakyne
** Kolomyichykha
** Krasnorichenske
** Lozno-Oleksandrivka
** Nyzhnia Duvanka
** Svatove
** Troitske

## References
Lviv Oblast

**Lviv Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of western Ukraine. The administrative centre is Lviv. The population of Lviv Oblast was 2,537,000 in 2013.

## References
Mykolaiv Oblast

**Mykolaiv Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of southern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Mykolaiv. The population of Mykolaiv Oblast was 1,165,000 in 2014.

## References
Jessica Mauboy

**Jessica Hilda Mauboy** (born 4 August 1989) is an Australian-Indonesian R&B singer-songwriter and actress. She has released three studio albums, one live album, three soundtrack albums, one extended play and 35 singles. 

## Competitions 
In 2006, she was runner-up on the fourth season of *Australian Idol*. After this, she signed for Sony Music Entertainment. She was a guest performer at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2014. She later competed for Australia at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2018 with the song "We Got Love", placing 20th out of the 26 finalists. 

## Film & television 
Mauboy has appeared in the movies *Bran Nue Dae* (2010) and *The Sapphires* (2012). She has also starred in the drama television series *The Secret Daughter* since 2016. From 2021 to 2023, she was a judge on *The Voice Australia*.

## Personal life 
Mauboy was born in Darwin, Northern Territory. Her mother is an Indigenous Australian and her father is from West Timor, Indonesia.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Odesa Oblast

**Odesa Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Odesa. The population of Odesa Oblast was 2,395,000 in 2013.

## References
Rivne Oblast

**Rivne Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of northwestern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Rivne. The population of Rivne Oblast was 1,159,000 in 2014.

## References
Sumy Oblast

**Sumy Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of northeastern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Sumy. The population of Sumy Oblast was 1,124,000 in 2014.
Most of population has got Ukrainian origin, about 4% speaks East Ukrainian language.   

## References
Peabody, Massachusetts

**Peabody**  is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 54,481. Peabody is located in the North Shore region of Massachusetts.

## References
Zhytomyr Oblast

**Zhytomyr Oblast** () is an oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Zhytomyr. The population of Zhytomyr Oblast was 1,266,000 in 2013.

## References
Estádio da Luz

The **Estádio da Luz** is a football stadium in Lisbon, Portugal. Since the Year 2024, it has a seating capacity of 66,597. This makes it the biggest stadium in the country. The stadium opened on 25 October 2003. It is the home stadium of S.L. Benfica of the Primeira Liga and the Portugal national team.

The stadium's official name is **Estádio do Sport Lisboa e Benfica**. It hosted the UEFA Euro 2004 Final and also held the 2014 UEFA Champions League Final between Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid.

## References
## Other websites
*
South Sudan national football team

The **South Sudan national football team** is the national football team of South Sudan.

The team's home stadium is Juba Stadium, which can fit 7,000 people.

The team played its first match against Uganda on 10 July 2012.
## Coaches
## References 
## Other websites 
*South Sudan  at FIFA.com
Keith Chegwin

**Keith Chegwin** (17 January 1957 – 11 December 2017) was an English television presenter and actor. He was nicknamed "**Cheggers**". He was best known as the presenter of the BBC children's game show *Cheggers Plays Pop* and the Channel 5 comedy game show ''It's a Knockout*. He played Fleance in the Roman Polanski movie *Macbeth'' (1971).

Chegwin was born in Walton, Liverpool, Lancashire. He was married to Maggie Philbin from 1982 to 1993. He  married Maria Fielden in 2000. He had two children, a daughter Rose and a son Ted.

Chegwin died of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on 11 December 2017 in Shropshire. He was 60.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Molly Quinn

**Molly Caitlyn Quinn** (born October 8, 1993), also known as **Molly C. Quinn**, is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the television shows *Castle* and the voice of [Bloom](https://hero.fandom.com/wiki/Bloom_(Winx_Club)) in the English version of *Winx Club*. She also appeared in the movie ''We're the Millers'' (2013).

Quinn was born in Texarkana, Texas. She is of Irish ancestry.

## References
## Other websites
*
Yellowstone Caldera

The **Yellowstone Caldera** is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States. It is sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano. The caldera and most of the park are in the northwest corner of Wyoming. The caldera is about 55 by 72 km. It was formed during the last of the three supereruptions that occurred over the last 2.1 million years.

A **caldera** is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption. It's what is left after the explosion.

Volcanism at Yellowstone is relatively recent. The calderas lie over a hotspot under the Yellowstone Plateau. Light and hot magma (molten rock) from the mantle rises toward the surface. The hotspot is much deeper than the terrain: it is *stationary*, while the North American Plate moves west-southwest over it.

Calderas appear to move, but this is an illusion. The plates of the Earth move, and hot spots stay in the same place (see Hawaiian Islands). As the Americas moved west, they ran over one or two hot spots. This is the one now in Wyoming.

## References