open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Portland limestone

, in Whitehall, London, is made from Portland stone.]]
 on the Isle of Portland]]
]]

**Portland limestone** is a limestone which was deposited in the latest stage of the Upper Jurassic period. It was first found on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. However, it occurs over a much wider area, including France.

The strata are beds of white-grey limestone separated by beds of chert.

## Formation 
### Origin 
Portland limestone was formed in a shallow, warm, sub-tropical sea on the continental shelf of what is now western Europe.

Limestones are mostly made of calcium carbonate. This comes originally from the bodies of many small organisms which build their shells or framework out of CaCO3 crystals. An example is the type of protist called coccolithophores.
:"[Coccolithophores] were the first organisms to bring about a steady rain of calcium carbonate from the upper, illuminated zone of the ocean towards the deep sea".p144

On the continental shelves of the world photosynthetic organisms, like coccoliths, bacteria, and algae, produce calcium carbonate. Many animals, like bivalves and coral reefs, then use it to make their shells or other structures. Carbonates are rocks formed from these sources, plus any CaCO3 which is precipitated out of solution.

#### Florida Bay 
Florida Bay, the shallow lagoon behind the Florida Keys, is a model for the conditions which produced limestones on the continental shelf. Of course, all the species were somewhat different then but, as an ecosystem, it is similar.

In the Florida Bay a type of flowering plant called sea grass is in abundance. Also in abundance is white, milky water full of calcium carbonate. This is mainly formed by *Melobesia*, a small red alga which lives on the sea grass.

## References
Debden

**Debden** is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. It is located 4 miles (6&nbsp;km) from Saffron Walden and 17 miles (27&nbsp;km) from Cambridge. In 2001 there were 753 people living in Debden. 

## References
Felsted

**Felsted** is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2843 people living in Felsted. It includes the hamlets of Bannister Green, Cobblers Green, Cock Green, Frenches Green, Gransmore Green, Mole Hill Green, Pyes Green, Thistley Green and Willow Green.

## References
Hayton

**Hayton** is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 2180 people living in Hayton.

## References
Yitzhak Shamir

**Yitzhak Shamir** (born Icchak Jaziernicky; 15 October 1915 - 30 June 2012) was a Polish born Israeli politician and the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms, 1983–84 and 1986–92.

He was born in Ruzhinoy (nowadays in Belarus), in the Russian Empire in 1915. In 1935, Shamir went to Palestine, where he worked in an accountant’s office. Before the establishment of the State of Israel, Shamir in the 1930s and 1940s was a member of the Zionist paramilitary organization Irgun, and then a commander of the more militant Lehi.

After the establishment of the State of Israel, Yitzhak Shamir worked for Israel's security service, the Mossad from 1955 to 1965. He joined the Herut political party in 1969. He was elected to Israel's parliament, the Knesset, in 1973 as a member of political party Likud. He was the Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and from 1986 to 1992. He was the country’s second longest-serving prime minister after David Ben-Gurion.

He died of Alzheimer's disease in Tel Aviv, Israel in 2012 and was buried in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.

## References
Wimbish

**Wimbish** is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1550 people living in Wimbish. It includes the hamlets of Tye Green, Upper and Lower Green (or Wimbish Green), Howlett End, Elder Street and Cole End.

## References
Northern white rhinoceros

The **Northern white rhinoceros**, or the **Northern square-lipped rhinoceros** (*Ceratotherium simum cottoni*), is one of the two subspecies of the white rhinoceros. These animals are extinct in the wild, but there were currently seven left in captivity. These seven lived in the Dvůr Králové Zoo in the Czech Republic. Four of the seven rhinoceroses were transported to Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya, Africa, where scientists hope they will successfully breed and save this subspecies from extinction. One of three remaining in the Czech Republic died in late May 2011. The two other rhinoceroses now live at the San Diego Zoo's Safari Park in California. 

In March 2018, Sudan, the last male white rhinoceros, died after being euthanized.

## Diet
The northern white rhinoceros eats mainly grass, and other low lying vegetation. They can live for around 40 to 65 years.

## References
Japan state carriages

**Japan state carriages** are horse-drawn coaches.  The carriages are used in Imperial events.  

The carriages are in regular use.  For example, during the presentation of credentials of a newly appointed ambassador, it sometimes  that the ambassador will be driven to the south portico of the Imperial Palace in a horse-drawn carriage. 

A few carriages are only used rarely. For example, some state carriages are part of ceremonies of enthronement and the marriages of members of the Imperial Family.

## Gallery

File:Special Parade of the Ceremonial Horse-Drawn Carriages1.JPG|Imperial coach in parade, 2009
File:Imperial Palace Tokyo Ambassador on Kyuden Totei Plaza.JPG|Ambassador on his way to the Imperial Palace, 2005

## Related pages
* British state carriages

## References
## Other websites
* *Meiji jingu* (Imperial Treasure Museum), "Phoenix carriage" used by Emperor Meiji 
* Metropolitan Museum of Art, Phoenix carriage
Stapleford Abbotts

**Stapleford Abbotts** is a village and civil parish in Epping Forest, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 959 people living in Stapleford Abbotts.

## References
British state carriages

The British royal family has many **state carriages**. They are horse-drawn coaches.  The carriages are used in royal events.  

The carriages are housed at the Royal Mews in London.  Some are on public display.  Most are in regular use.  A few are only used rarely.

## Select list
* Gold State Coach
* Irish State Coach
* Scottish State Coach
* Australian State Coach
* Queen Alexandra's State Coach
* Glass Coach
* King Edward VII's Town Coach
* 1902 State Landau
* Diamond Jubilee State Coach

## Gallery

File:Trooping the Colour 2009 047.jpg|Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip in a park phaeton at ceremonial trooping the colours, 2009
File:Trooping the Colour 2009 001b.JPG|Prince Harry, the Duchess of Cornwall and Prince William in a barouche, 2009

## Related pages
* Japan state carriages

## References
## Other websites
RMS Queen Mary

'*RMS *Queen Mary'''* is a ship in Long Beach, California. It is docked in the harbor.  It was an ocean liner that sailed primarily in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1936 to 1967.

With the outbreak of World War II, she was changed into a troopship.  Queen Mary moved Allied soldiers for the rest of the war. Following the war, *Queen Mary'' was refitted for passenger service.

The ship now is a tourist attraction featuring restaurants, a museum, and hotel. The ship is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. 

## References
Tomihiko Morimi

is a Japanese writer. He is from Nara Prefecture. He graduated from Kyoto University. The setting of almost all his works is Kyoto.

## Book titles
*Taiyou no tou (2003)
*Yojōhan Shinwa Taikei (2004)
*Sweet Blue Age (2006)
*Yoru ha mijikashi arukeyo otome (2006)

## Other websites
*Tomihiko's official blog 
**Yoru ha mijikashi arukeyo otome* - Kadokawa bookstore
New Super Mario Bros. 2

***New Super Mario Bros. 2*** is a 2012 platformer video game. It is the sequel to the 2006 *New Super Mario Bros.* on the Nintendo DS. It is a follow-up to the 2009 Wii game *New Super Mario Bros. Wii*, which is a follow-up to the 2006 game. It was released on the Nintendo 3DS in Japan on July 28, 2012, in Europe on August 17, 2012 and in North America on August 19, 2012. A follow-up to this game and a sequel to *New Super Mario Bros. Wii*, titled *New Super Mario Bros. U*, was released on the Wii U three months later, which had an extension pack called *New Super Luigi U* released in June 2013. It focuses more on coins than the other *Mario* games, and according to Satoru Iwata, the goal of the game is to get a million coins.

## Related pages
*Nintendo 3DS
**New Super Mario Bros.*
**New Super Mario Bros. Wii*
**New Super Mario Bros. U*
**New Super Mario Bros. U Deluxe*
*Super Mario
**Mario Bros.*
**Super Mario Bros.*
**Super Mario 3D Land*
**Super Mario 3D World*

## References
## Other websites
*Official North American website
*Official Japanese website 
*Official Australian website. .
*Official European website
*Official Nintendo Website
UEFA Euro 2012 Group A

**Group A** of the UEFA Euro 2012 began on June 8, 2012 and ended on June 16, 2012. The group had the teams of Poland, Czech Republic, Greece and Russia. Czech Republic and Greece went to the quarter-finals.

## Table 
## Games 
### Poland vs Greece 
### Russia vs Czech Republic 
### Denmark vs Portugal 
### Netherlands vs Germany 
### Portugal vs Netherlands 
### Denmark vs Germany 
## Statistics 
### Top scorer 
*  Mario Gómez (3 goals)

## Other websites 
*UEFA Euro 2012 Group B

-->
Kate Gynther

**Kate Gynther** (born 5 July 1982 in Brisbane) is a water polo player from Australia. She won a bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics when she played for the team from Australia.  She played water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics; her team finished fourth.

## References 
## Other websites
Pig, Kentucky

**Pig** is an unincorporated community in southern Edmonson County, Kentucky, United States. The town is about 21 miles away from Bowling Green, Kentucky, in the southern adjacent Warren County, Kentucky

## References
Pig (zodiac)

The **Boar** (豬) (is the current year in 2019 symbolizing the year of the Earth Pig); is the twelfth of the 12-year cycle of animals that appear in the Chinese zodiac in relation to the Chinese Calendar. In the continuous sexagenary cycle, every twelfth year refers to hai, and is commonly called the Year of the Pig 豬. There are five types of Pigs, named after Chinese elements. In order, they are: Metal, Water, Wood, Fire, and Earth.

In the Japanese zodiac and the Tibetan zodiac, the Pig is replaced by the boar. In the Dai zodiac, the Pig is replaced by the elephant. In the Gurung zodiac, the Pig is replaced by the deer.

## Pig in Chinese zodiac
According to myths, the Pig was the last to arrive when the Jade Emperor called for the great meeting. Other sources say that the Buddha asked for a great meeting when he was about to leave Earth. The Pig came last.

There are legends that as the emperor called one day, an oink and squeal was heard from a little Pig. The term "lazy Pig" is appropriate here as the Pig is hungry in the race, immediately stops for a feast and then falls asleep. After sleeping, the Pig continues the race and is named the 12th and final animal of the zodiac cycle.

## Chinese Zodiac Pig Compatibility Grid
## Falling Stars and difficulties
## Other websites
Wendens Ambo

**Wendens Ambo** is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 436 people living in Wendens Ambo.

## References
College Board

The **College Board** is a group that manages standardized tests in the United States, like the SAT, to test students' abilities in certain subject areas. It was founded in 1899, known then as the **College Entrance Examination Board** (**CEEB**).

## Tests
### SAT/PSAT
The SAT is a test for entrance to colleges and universities. It is a standardized test managed by the College Board, and developed, published, and scored by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). It is fee-based, costing about $50. It competes with the ACT, another standardized test for college admissions.

### Accuplacer
The College Board Accuplacer test is a placement test on the computer that tests students on their reading, writing, and math skills.

## Programs
### Advanced Placement Program
The College Board **Advanced Placement Program** is a program that gives high school students a chance to take college level classes, preparing them for college. It also helps admissions to college. The program lets students get college credit for high scores on AP exams. The college can still choose whether or not to give credit.

### CLEP
The **CLEP**, or the **College Level Examination Program**, is a program that lets students show that they know college-level material through exams in college courses.

### SpringBoard
**SpringBoard** is a program created by the College Board to prepare students who will take AP or college courses later. The program offers pre-AP and AP teaching and learning strategies across school and classwork. The material is for grades 6th to 12th.

## Related articles
*School
*University
*College
*Educational Testing Service
*ACT, Inc.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*International website
Potamochoerus

***Potamochoerus*** is a genus in the pig family (Suidae). The two species only live in Sub-saharan Africa.  The Bushpig, possibly due to introduction by man, also can be found in Madagascar and nearby islands.

## Species
* Bushpig (*Potamochoerus larvatus*).
* Red River Hog (*Potamochoerus porcus*).
Society Islands

**The Society Islands** are a group of islands in French Polynesia. They include Tahiti, Bora Bora, Moorea, and many others. The largest city in the area is Faaa, which is located on Tahiti.

## References
Suinae

**Suinae** is a subfamily of mammals.  It includes at least some of the living members of the family Suidae and their closest relatives—the domestic pig and related species, such as babirusas. 

In their 1997 *Classification of Mammals*, Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell classify the Suinae as follows:
*Tribe Suini
**Genus †*Eumaiochoerus* (Miocene)
**Genus †*Hippopotamodon* (Miocene to Pleistocene)
**Genus †*Korynochoerus* (Miocene to Pliocene)
**Genus †*Microstonyx* (Miocene)
**Genus *Sus* (Miocene to Recent)
*Tribe Potamochoerini
**Genus †*Celebochoerus* (Pliocene to Pleistocene)
**Genus *Hylochoerus* (Pleistocene to Recent)
**Genus †*Kolpochoerus* (Miocene to Pleistocene)
**Genus *Potamochoerus* (Miocene to Recent)
**Genus †*Propotamochoerus* (Miocene to Pliocene)
*Tribe †Hippohyini
**Genus †*Hippohyus* (Miocene to Pleistocene)
**Genus †*Sinohyus* (Miocene)
**Genus †*Sivahyus* (Miocene to Pliocene)
*Tribe Phacochoerini
**Genus †*Metridiochoerus* (Pliocene to Pleistocene)
**Genus *Phacochoerus* (Pliocene to Recent)
**Genus †*Potamochoeroides* (Pliocene, possibly Pleistocene)
**Genus †*Stylochoerus* (Pleistocene)
*Tribe Babyrousini
**Genus *Babyrousa* (Pleistocene to Recent)
In the 2005 third edition of *Mammal Species of the World*, which treats only Recent forms, Peter Grubb followed this classification.
## References
Bistro

A **bistro** (sometimes spelled **bistrot**) is a small place, much like a café.  In its original Parisian version, a bistro is a small restaurant. It serves moderately priced simple meals in a modest setting.  Bistros are defined mostly by the foods they serve.  Home cooking with robust earthy dishes, and slow-cooked foods like cassoulet are typical. By using stews and cassoulets they could cook the main food and it would last all day.

Similar to bistros are brasseries, which offer  slightly more elaborate meals.

## References
Intellectual property

**Intellectual property** (**IP**) refers to the ownership of an idea or design by the person who came up with it. It is a term used in property law. It gives a person certain exclusive rights to a distinct type of creative design, meaning that nobody else can copy or reuse that creation without the owner's permission. It can be applied to musical, literary and artistic works, discoveries and inventions. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets.

The term *intellectual property* dates from the 19th century. Before that, patent laws were first made under the Statute of Monopolies 1623 and copyright laws were first seen in the Statute of Anne in 1710. Modern usage of the term *intellectual property* goes back at least as far as 1867. The constitution of the North German Confederation granted legislative power over the protection of intellectual property () to the confederation.

The stated reason for most intellectual property laws is to encourage . To give legal ownership of an idea to an inventor is seen as an  for those people to make their inventions available to the . It is designed to secure the full value of a work for its creator, to make it into another type of 'real' property.

## References
## Other websites
* Intellectual property entry in the *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy*
Stowupland

**Stowupland** is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1,962 people living in Stowupland.

## References
Pig (disambiguation)

**Pigs** are mammals of the genus *Sus*

**Pig**, **PIG**, or **PIGS** may also be:

## Animals
*Domestic pig, *Sus scrofa domestica* or *Sus domestica*
**Wild Pig, or Eurasian Wild Boar, *Sus scrofa*, the species from which the domestic pig was bred
****Sus*, a genus within the pig family, including *Sus scrofa* and closely related southeast Asian species
****Suinae, the pig subfamily, including *Sus* and other genera from Africa and southeast Asia
*****Suidae, the pig family, including Suinae and other extinct Old World subfamilies
******Suina, a suborder of mammals including Suidae, and the Tayssuidae (peccaries or "New World pigs")

*Hell pigs or terminator pigs, the Entelodonts, a family of extinct mammals
*Pork, the meat of a domestic pig
*Feral pig, domestic pig living in the wild
*Guinea pig, a domestic species of rodent that is popular as a pet

## Movies And TV
*''Daddy's Deadly Darling* or *Pigs*, a 1972 horror movie
**Psy* (movie) or *Pigs*, a 1992 movie by Wladyslaw Pasikowski
**Pig* (1998 movie), a 1998 movie written by and starring Rozz Williams
**Pigs* (movie), a 2007 movie by Karl DiPelino
**Pig* (2010 movie), a horror movie by Adam Mason
**Pig* (2011 movie), a movie written by Henry Barrial
*Pig Goat Banana Cricket

## Music
**Pigs* (b.l.o.w. album), 1996
**Pigs* (Asphalt Ballet album), 1993
*PIG (musical project), musical project by Raymond Watts
*"Pig" (song), a 1998 song by the Dave Matthews Band
*"Pigs (Three Different Ones)", a 1977 song by Pink Floyd
*"Pig", a bonus song from *Weezer* Deluxe Edition 
*"Pigs", a song by Eyehategod from *In the Name of Suffering*
*"PIG", an early demo version of "Mr. Jack" by System of a Down
*"Pigs", a track on *Cypress Hill'', Cypress Hill's first album

## Games
*Pig (dice), a dice game
*Pig, a variation of the card game Spoons
*P-I-G, a variation of the basketball game H-O-R-S-E

## Science and technology
*PIGS (genetics), a human gene
*Humber Pig, a British military vehicle
*Pig (pipeline inspection gauge), used in pigging, a form of pipeline maintenance
*Pig (programming language), a MapReduce programming language used on Hadoop
*Distillation pig, a piece of glassware that lets fractions to be collected without breaking vacuum
*Pig iron, a type of smelted iron
*Lead pig, a container made of lead shielding for storing and moving radioactive materials

## Other uses
*Pig, Kentucky
*"Pig" (short story), by Roald Dahl
*Pig (zodiac), a sign of the Chinese zodiac
*PIGS (economics), acronym for the economies of Portugal, Ireland (originally Italy), Greece, and Spain, used by bond analysts
*PIG (elections), a campaign strategy
*Partido da Imprensa Golpista, or PiG, a pejorative term for a segment of the Brazilian media
*Pine Island Glacier, or PIG, a glacier of Antarctica
*The Pisabo language in ISO 639-3 code, `pig`
*Pig, a slang term for police officers
Keoladeo National Park

The **Keoladeo National Park** is an Indian bird sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan. It is also a declared World Heritage Site.

## History
Keoladeo Ghana National Park is a man-made and man-managed wetland and one of the national parks of India. 

The wetlands were created in the mid-18th century.  It is named after a Keoladeo (Shiva) temple within its boundaries.  The area is a natural low spot in the land.  It was flooded by   two rivers, the Gambhir and Banganga. 

The area was a hunting ground for the maharajas of Bharatpur after 1850.  The Viceroy of India hunted birds in this special park. 

Keoladeo was established as a national park on 10 March 1982. 

The area was designated as a bird sanctuary on 13 March 1976.

In 1985, the Park was declared a World Heritage Site. 

## Geography
Keoladeo (Bharatpur) National Park (27°10'N, 77°31'E) is  in eastern Rajasthan. It is 2 kilometers (km) south-east of Bharatpur and 50&nbsp;km west of Agra. 

The Park is spread over approx 29 square kilometer area. One third of the Keoladeo National Park habitat is wetland. The uplands have grasslands (savannas) of tall species of grass together with scattered trees and shrubs present in varying density.

## Related pages 
* List of World Heritage Sites in India

## References
## Other websites
* Keoladeo National Park official site 
* Keoladeo National Park on board the Palace on Wheels 
*Wildlife in India | Keoladeo National Park 
*WCMC 
*Reuters: Drought-ridden Indian bird park loses its birds . Version of 2007-Feb-25. Retrieved 2007-Feb-27.
* List of birds
* Information on birds and region
Galway (sheep)

The **Galway** is a breed of sheep with long wool from western Ireland. They are a large white-faced sheep. The weigh on average 80–85 kg and have a litter size of 1.3. This breed is mostly raised for meat.

## References
Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament

The '''2012 Men's Olympic Football Tournament''' was the under-23 football tournament. It was held during the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was held from 26 July to 11 August. All the national under-23 qualified football teams can compete. The defending champion was Argentina. The tournament was hosted in England (4 stadiums), Scotland (1 stadium) and Wales (1 stadium). 16 teams were qualified for the final group stage.

## Teams
## Venues
## Group Stage
### Group A
### Group B
### Group C
### Group D
## Knockout phase
### Quarter-finals 
----

----

----

### Semi-finals 
----

### Bronze medal match 
### Gold medal match 
|}

## Related pages
* Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament

## References
Olympic mascot

The **Olympic mascot** is a mascot that represents the nation that is hosting the Olympics.

## Other websites
After the Burial

**After the Burial** is an American metal band from Twin Cities, Minnesota. After the Burial has four members in the band; the current band members are Lerichard Foral, Trent Hafdahl, Dan Carle and Anthony Notarmaso.

The band was formed in 2004. They released their first album "*Forging a Future Self*" on January 9, 2007. Band members Nick Wellner and Greg Erickson left the band shortly after they signed to Sumerian Records. Grant Luoma joined the band and replaced Wellner as the vocalist and Eric Robles replaced Erickson on drums. Robles left the band before the recording of their second album and Dan Carle joined the band to replace him. The band released their second album "*Rareform*" on July 22, 2008. Luoma left the band in 2009 and Anthony Notarmaso joined the band to replace him on vocals. They released their "*In Dreams*" on November 23, 2010.

## Band members 
;Current
*Lerichard "Lee" Foral - bass guitar (2004–present)
*Trent Hafdahl - lead guitar, backing vocals (2004-present)
*Dan Carle - drums (2008–present)
*Anthony Notarmaso - lead vocals (2008-present)

;Former
*Justin Lowe - rhythm guitar (2004-2015)
*Nick Wellner - lead vocals (2004–2007)
*Grant Luoma - lead vocals (2007–2008)
*Greg Erickson - drums (2004–2007)
*Eric Robles - drums (2007–2008)

## Discography 
### Studio albums
**Forging a Future Self* (2007)
**Rareform* (2008)
**In Dreams* (2010)
**Wolves Within* (2013)

## Musical style
After The Burial has been described as progressive metalcore, djent, metalcore, deathcore, and just plain progressive metal.

## References
## Other websites 
*After the Burial  on Sumerian Records
*After the Burial on Facebook
Comité d'études sur les formations d'ingénieurs

The '''Comité d'études sur les formations d'ingénieurs** (**CEFI**, in English **engineer training studies committee''') is the French institution for the study of the training and job placement for engineers in France. It was created in 1975 by French Ministry of National Education.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website
List of cities and towns in Alabama

As of the 2020 United States Census, there are 461 incorporated **cities and towns** in the U.S. state of Alabama.
__TOC__
## Incorporated cities and towns
## Census-designated places
There are 131 census-designated places in Alabama.

## Unincorporated communities
## Notes
## References
CAE Oxford Aviation Academy Douala

The **CAE Oxford Aviation Academy Douala** (formerly Sabena Flight Academy Africa) (**CAE SFA-A**) is an aviation school (part of CAE Global Academy). It is in Douala, Cameroon. It was the first civil aviation university in Cameroon.

The school was a subsidiary of Sabena Flight Academy. It trains pilots, flight attendants (preparation of the *Certificat de formation à la sécurité*) and flight dispatchers.

## History
The school was created in 2008 by Joseph Barla, Jean-Yves Kotto and Sabena Flight Academy. That is why the name of the school was originally Sabena Flight Academy Africa. A few months later, after Canadian group CAE took over Sabena Flight Academy, SFA-A was also bought. It became part of CAE Global Academy and was renamed CAE Global Academy Douala.

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website 
* CAE Oxford Aviation Academy Douala
Ghostwriter (TV series)

***Ghostwriter*** is an American children's mystery fantasy thriller TV series created by Liz Nealon. It was produced by Sesame Workshop and BBC One. It first aired in October 1992. It is about a group of friends who solve mysteries. They are helped by an  ghost named Ghostwriter.

## Revival 
In 1997, CBS aired *The New Ghostwriter Mysteries*.
In 1997, CBS aired a new version of the series, ***The New Ghostwriter Mysteries***, as part of their educational *Think CBS Kids* block, but it was canceled after one season due to low ratings. The new series had little in common with the original, changing Ghostwriter's on-screen appearance, introducing entirely new characters, and getting rid of the serial format of the original series. The series was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and featured a new team of three kids: Camella Gorik (Charlotte Sullivan), Emilie Robeson (Shannon Duff), and Henry "Strick" Strickland (Kristian Ayre). Ghostwriter only had two colors, which were silver and gold. Production locations included Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and New York, United States of America. Episodes ran for 22-24 minutes. Production companies were Children's Television Workshop and Decode Entertainment. It aired on CBS (CBS Preschoolers) (United States) and CBC Television (CBC Preschoolers) (Canada).

## References
Cheshire, Connecticut, home invasion murders

The **Cheshire, Connecticut, home invasion murders** were on July 23, 2007.  A mother and her two daughters were murdered during a home invasion in Cheshire, Connecticut. *The Hartford Courant* called the case "possibly the most widely publicized crime in the state's history". In 2010, Steven Hayes was convicted of the murders and sentenced to death. His accomplice, Joshua Komisarjevsky, was found guilty on October 13, 2011, and sentenced to death on January 27, 2012.

## Victims 
* **Jennifer Hawke-Petit**, age 48, was a nurse and co-director of the health center at Cheshire Academy, a private boarding school. She met her husband, William Petit, in 1985 at Children's Hospital when he was a third-year medical student at the University of Pittsburgh and she was a new nurse.
***Hayley Petit**, age 17, had just graduated from Miss Porter's School and was scheduled to attend Dartmouth College.
***Michaela Petit**, age 11, attended the Chase Collegiate School before her death.
***William Petit**, the only survivor of the home invasion, is an endocrinologist in Cheshire. He survived when he escaped to a neighbor's house, even though he had injuries.

## Perpetrators 
**Steven J. Hayes** (born May 30, 1963, in Homestead, Florida) was found guilty on 16 out of 17 counts related to the home invasion murders on October 5, 2010. On November 8, 2010, the jury returned with a recommendation for Hayes to be killed by the State. He was formally sentenced to death by Superior Court Judge Jon C. Blue on December 2, 2010.

Hayes is an inmate of the Connecticut Department of Correction. His criminal history shows him sentenced for his first offense at the age of 16. in Somers. 

**Joshua A. Komisarjevsky** (born August 10, 1980) was Hayes' accomplice in the home invasion and murder of William Petit's wife and two daughters. He was born in 1980 and adopted by the son of playwright Theodore Komisarjevsky. Komisarjevsky was kept at the Walker Reception Center rather than pay a $15 million bond. His trial began September 19, 2011, and on October 13, 2011, he was convicted on all 17 counts. On December 9, 2011, the jury recommended the death penalty. On January 27, 2012 Judge Jon Blue sentenced Komisarjevsky to death by lethal injection.

## References
Juan Martín del Potro

**Juan Martín del Potro** (born 23 September 1988) is an Argentine tennis player. He was born in Tandil. He turned pro in 2005. He won the US Open in 2009.

## References
Georges Simenon

**Georges Joseph Christian Simenon** (; 13 February 1903 &ndash; 4 September 1989) was a Belgian writer. He published nearly 200 novels and many short works. Simenon is best known as the creator of the fictional detective Jules Maigret.

## Other websites
*
*Centre d'études Georges Simenon et Fonds Simenon de l'Université de Liège 
*Selected Bibliography & Selected Maigret films 
*Simenon's Inspector Maigret - Includes complete bibliography & English translation checklist
*Simenon at New York Review of Books
Suzanne Lilar

Baroness **Suzanne Lilar** (née *Suzanne Verbist*; 21 May 1901 – 11 December 1992) was a Flemish Belgian essayist, novelist, and playwright. She wrote in French. She was the wife of the Belgian Minister of Justice Albert Lilar and mother of the writer Françoise Mallet-Joris and the art historian Marie Fredericq-Lilar.

She was a member of the Royal Academy of French Language and Literature from 1952 to 1992.

In 1919 Lilar attended the State University of Ghent. She studied philosophy and was the first woman to receive a Law degree in 1925. She moved to Antwerp where she became the first woman lawyer. In 1929 she married the lawyer Albert Lilar who would later become a Minister of Justice and Minister of State. After the death of her husband in 1976, she left Antwerp and moved to Brussels in 1977.

Lilar began her literary career as a journalist. She reported on Republican Spain for the newspaper ''L'Indépendance belge* in 1931. She later became a playwright with *Le Burlador* (1946). It was an original  reinterpretation of the myth of Don Juan. It was told from the female perspective. She wrote two more plays, *Tous les chemins mènent au ciel* (1947), a theological drama set in a 14th-century convent, and *Le Roi lépreux'' (1951), a play about the Crusades.

## References
Hendrik Conscience

**Henri "Hendrik" Conscience** (3 December 1812 Antwerp - 10 September 1883 Elsene) was a Belgian writer. His father was French and his mother was Flemish. He wrote in Dutch after the secession from the Netherlands in 1830 left Belgium a mostly French speaking country.

His mother died in 1820. The boy and his younger brother had no other friend than their grim and somewhat sinister father. In 1826 Pierre Conscience married again, this time to a widow much younger than himself, Anna Catherina Bogaerts. Soon after his second marriage Pierre sold his shop and moved to the Kempen region. Conscience often describes this land in his books. It is the flat land that stretches between Antwerp and Venlo.

At the age of seventeen Hendrik left his father's house to become a tutor in Antwerp. His studies were soon interrupted by the Revolution of 1830. He volunteered in the Belgian revolutionary army. In 1837 he left the service and returned to civilian life.

His poems, written while he was a soldier, were all in French. He received no pension when he was discharged. He decided to write a Flemish book for sale. He wrote a series of stories set during the Dutch Revolt, with the title ''In 't Wonderjaar 1566* (published Ghent, 1837).

His father thought it so vulgar of his son to write a book in Flemish that he turned him out of doors. Soon people of standing, amongst them the painter Wappers, showed interest in the unfortunate young man. Wappers even gave him a suit of clothes and eventually presented him to King Leopold.  Leopold ordered the Wonderjaar to be added to the libraries of every Belgian school. It was with the patronage of Leopold I that Conscience published his second book, *Fantasy*, in the same year 1837.

*The Lion of Flanders* was followed by *How to become a Painter* (1843), *What a Mother can Suffer* (1843), *Siska van Roosemael* (1844), *Lambrecht Hensmans* (1847), *Jacob van Artevelde* (1849), and *The Conscript* (1850).

In 1845 Conscience was made a knight of the Order of Leopold. Writing in Flemish had stopped being seen as vulgar.

In 1845 Conscience published a History of Belgium on request by King Leopold I.  *Blind Rosa* (1850), *Rikketikketak* (1851), *The Decayed Gentleman* (1851), and *The Miser'' (1853) are among the most important of the long list of his novels. These had an instant effect upon more recent fiction, and Conscience had many imitators.

In 1855 translations of his books began to appear in English, French, German and Italian. He continued to make novels with great regularity. His publications amounted to nearly eighty in number. He was by now the most eminent of the citizens of Antwerp. His 70th birthday was celebrated with public festivities. After a long illness he died at his house in Antwerp.

## References
Amélie Nothomb

**Amélie Nothomb** (born Fabienne-Claire on 9 July 1966) is a Belgian writer who writes in French.

Amélie Nothomb was born in Etterbeek, Belgium to Belgian diplomats. She lived  in Japan, then  in China, New York, Bangladesh, Burma, Coventry and Laos.

Nothomb's first novel, ''Hygiène de l'assassin*, was published in 1992.  Since then, she has published about one novel per year, including *Les Catilinaires* (1995), *Fear and Trembling* (1999) and *Métaphysique des tubes* (2000, published in English as *The Character of Rain'').  She has been awarded many prizes, including the 1999 Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française, the Prix René-Fallet, and the 1993 Prix Alain-Fournier.
## Books 
Unless otherwise stated, all works were originally published in French by Éditions Albin Michel.

## References
Maurice Maeterlinck

**Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck**, also called *Comte (Count) Maeterlinck* from 1932, (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949) was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist.  He wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911. The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. His plays are an important part of the Symbolist movement.

He finished his law studies at the University of Ghent in 1885.  He then spent a few months in Paris, France. His first play, *Princess Maleine*, was well received in August 1890.

He had a relationship with the singer and actress Georgette Leblanc from 1895 till 1918. On 15 February 1919 Maeterlinck married Renée Dahon.  She was actress he met during a rehearsal of *The Blue Bird* in 1910.

When Germany invaded Belgium in 1914, Maeterlink wished to join the French Foreign Legion.  His application was denied due to his age.

In 1919 he accepted an invitation to the United States. He worked with Samuel Goldwyn on movies but did not find success.

He was made a count by Albert I, King of the Belgians in 1932.

He returned to Nice after the war on 10 August 1947. In 1948, the French Academy awarded him the Medal for the French Language. He was the president of PEN International from 1947 to 1949. He died in Nice on 6 May 1949 after suffering a heart attack.

## References
André Delvaux

**André, Baron Delvaux** (21 March 1926 – 4 October 2002) was a Belgian movie director.  He is widely called the founder of the Belgian national cinema. Born in Heverlee, he died in Valencia, Spain. He received the Magritte Honorary Award at the Magritte Awards 2011.

## Select Filmography
* 1989 *1001 films*
* 1988 ''L'Oeuvre au noir'' (after Marguerite Yourcenar's book). Entered into the 1988 Cannes Film Festival.
* 1985 *BABEL OPERA, ou la répétition de Don Juan de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart*
* 1983 *Benvenuta* (with Vittorio Gassman, Fanny Ardant, Françoise Fabian and Mathieu Carrière) (after Suzanne Lilar's book *La Confession Anonyme*)
* 1980 *To Woody Allen, from Europe with love*
* 1979 *Een vrouw tussen hond en wolf* (*Femme entre chien et loup*)
* 1975 *Met Dieric Bouts* (Avec Dieric Bouts)
* 1973 *Belle*
* 1971 *Rendez-vous à Bray* (after Julien Gracq's novel, *Le roi Cophetua*)
* 1969 *Interprètes*
* 1968 *Un soir un train* (with Yves Montand, Anouk Aimée, François Beukelaers) (after Johan Daisne's book *De trein der traagheid*)
* 1966 ''Derrière l'écran* (*Achter het scherm*)
* 1965 *De Man die zijn haar kort liet knippen* (*L'homme au crâne rasé'') after Johan Daisne's book
* 1964 *Cinéma polonais*
* 1962 *Le Temps des écoliers*
* 1962 *Jean Rouch*
* 1962 *Fellini*
* 1960 *Yves boit du lait*
* 1959 *La planète fauve*
* 1959 *Two summer days*
* 1958 *Cinéma, bonjour!*
* 1956 *Nous étions treize*
* 1953 *Forges*
Marie Gillain

**Marie Gillain** (born 18 June 1975) is a Belgian actress.

In 1996 Gillain received the Prix Romy Schneider. She is single but has two daughters, Dune (born in 2004, from musician Martin Gamet) and Vega (born in 2009, from French-Italian actor Christopher Degli Esposti).

## Brief filmography
* *Mon père ce héros* (1991) - Véronique *aka My Father the Hero*
* *Un homme à la mer* (TV) (1993) - Camille *aka A Man at Sea*
* *Marie* (1994) - Marie
* ''L'appât* (1995) - Nathalie *aka The Bait*
* *Le affinità elettive* (1996) - Ottilia
* *Un air si pur'' (1997) - Julie d'Espard *aka An Air So Pure*
* *Le Bossu* (1997) - Aurore
* *La cena* (1998) - Allieva *aka The Dinner*
* *Harem Suare* (1999) - Safiye
* *Laissons Lucie faire!* (2000) - Lucie
* *Barnie et ses petites contrariétés* (2001) - Margot ''aka Barnie's Minor Annoyances*
* *Absolument fabuleux* (2001) - Safrane *aka Absolutely Fabulous*
* *Laissez-passer* (2002) - Olga *aka Safe Conduct*
* *Ni pour, ni contre (bien au contraire)* (2003) – Caty *aka Not for or Against*
* *Tout le plaisir est pour moi* (2004) - Louise *aka The Pleasure Is All Mine*
* *L'enfer* (2005) - Anne *aka Hell*
* *La voix de Laura* (TV) (2005) - Laura
* *Black Box* (2006)
* *Ma vie n'est pas une comédie romantique* (2007)
* *Les Femmes de l'Ombre* (2008)
* *La très très grande entreprise* (2008)
* *Magique* (2009)
* *Coco Before Chanel* (2009)
* *All Our Desires'' (2011)

## Other websites
*
Mutitjulu

**Muṯitjulu** is an Indigenous Australian town in the Northern Territory. It is inside Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, just east of Uluṟu. It is named after a knee-shaped waterhole at the base of Uluṟu. Its people are mostly Pitjantjatjara. There are also some Yankunytjnatjara, Luritja and Ngaanyatjarra families living there. Almost everybody works in the national park.

The community had a population of 283 in the 2006 census. It was reported to have dropped to around 150 in 2012, after alcohol was banned.

## References
## Other websites
*Mutitjulu at WARU 
*Mutijulu Community Council at ATNS
The Alzheimer Case

***The Alzheimer Case*** (also called ***The Alzheimer Affair*** or ***The Memory of a Killer***) is a 2003 movie directed by Erik Van Looy.  It is based on the novel *De Zaak Alzheimer* by Jef Geeraerts.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sweat gland

**Sweat glands**, (sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands), are small tube-like glands in the skin that create sweat. 

The evaporation of sweat helps to cool the body down. Also, in many mammals, the sweat contains a slight scent which other animals can notice.

## References
Oodgeroo Noonuccal

**Oodgeroo Noonuccal** (   ; born **Kathleen Jean Mary Ruska**, formerly **Kath Walker**; 3 November 1920 – 16 September 1993) was an Australian poet, political activist, artist and teacher. She was best known for her poetry, and was the first Aboriginal Australian to publish a book of verse. Oodgeroo Noonuccal is a traditional Quandamooka name that she adopted for herself in 1988 (Oodgeroo refers to the paperbark tree, and Noonuccal is the name of her tribe).

Oodgeroo campaigned strongly for Aboriginal rights. She was one of the main people behind the campaign for the changes to the Australian constitution in 1967. These changes gave Aboriginal people full citizenship. She also campaigned for Prime Minister Robert Menzies and his successor Harold Holt.

She wrote many books, beginning with *We Are Going* (1964), the first book to be published by an Aboriginal woman. This first book of poetry was very successful, and Oodgeroo became one of Australia's best-selling poets. Her writing contained strong political messages. Oodgeroo described her own style as "sloganistic". She wanted to show how proud she was of being an Aboriginal. She wanted her writing to make people support equality and Aboriginal rights. Oodgeroo won several literary awards, including the Mary Gilmore Medal (1970), the Jessie Litchfield Award (1975), and the Fellowship of Australian Writers' Award.

In 1972 she opened an educational centre in her hometown of Moongalba, on North Stradbroke Island.

Oodgeroo was made a member of the Order of the British Empire in 1970. She returned it in 1987 to protest the Australian bicentenary celebrations and to make a political statement about social inequality in Australia.

## Notes 
## References 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* *"Oodgeroo Noonuccal Kath Walker 1920–1993"*, online exhibition by the University of Queensland
* Biographical entry at the National Foundation for Australian Women
* Listen to a recording of Oodgeroo Noonuccal reading her poem 'We Are Going' on *Australian Screen Online*
Stijn Coninx

**Stijn, Baron Coninx** (born 21 February 1957 in Neerpelt, Belgium) is a Belgian movie director.  He is best known for the movie *Daens*. He was made a Baron by King Albert II of Belgium. He studied movie directing at HRITCS.

## Filmography
### Director
* *Servais* (1980), his university finals movie
* *Surfing* (1982), short movie
* *Hector* (1987)
* *Koko Flanel* (1990)
* *Daens* (1992) (nominated for an Academy Award)
* *When the Light Comes (Licht)* (1998)
* *Further Than the Moon (Verder dan de maan)* (2003)
* *To Walk Again* (2007), documentary.
* *Soeur Sourire* (2009)

### Assistant director
* *Het Beest (1982)
* *Zaman* (1983) (credited as **Stijn Coninckx**)
* *Wildschut* (1985) (*Stronghold* in the United States)
* *De Leeuw van Vlaanderen* (1985)
* *Skin* (1987)
* *Blueberry Hill* (1989)

## Television work
* *Het Peulengaleis* (1999) TV series
* *Nefast voor de feestvreugde'' (2001, 2002, 2003) TV series

## References
* 
* Stijn Coninx  - Film information from the Belgium government site belgium.be
Franco-Belgian comics

**Franco-Belgian comics** are comics that are made for Belgian and French readers. These countries have a long tradition in comics and comic books.  There they are known as *BD*s, an abbreviation of *bandes dessinées*.  This means *drawn strips* in French. Many other European comics, especially Italian comics, are strongly influenced by Franco-Belgian comics. In Europe, the French language is spoken not only in France but also by about 40% of the population of Belgium and about 20% of the population of Switzerland. 

## Notable comics
While hundreds of comic series have been made in the Franco-Belgian group, some are more notable than others. Most of those listed are aimed at younger readers:
****XIII*** by William Vance and Jean Van Hamme
****Adèle Blanc-Sec*** by Jacques Tardi
****Asterix*** by René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo
****Barbe Rouge*** by Jean-Michel Charlier, Victor Hubinon and others
****Bécassine*** by Jacqueline Rivière and Joseph Pinchon
****Blake and Mortimer*** by E.P. Jacobs
****Blueberry*** by Jean-Michel Charlier and Jean Giraud
****Boule and Bill*** by Jean Roba
****Les Cités Obscures*** by François Schuiten and Benoît Peeters
****Gaston*** by André Franquin
****Incal*** by Alejandro Jodorowsky and Jean Giraud
****Jerry Spring*** by Jijé
****Jommeke*** by Jef Nys (originally made in Dutch)
****Kiekeboe*** by Merho (originally made in Dutch)
****Largo Winch*** by Philippe Francq and Jean Van Hamme
****Lucky Luke*** by Morris and René Goscinny
****Marsupilami*** by André Franquin
****Michel Vaillant*** by Jean Graton
****Nero*** by Marc Sleen (originally made in Dutch)
****Rahan*** by Roger Lecureux
****The Smurfs*** by Peyo
****Spike and Suzy*** (Dutch: Suske & Wiske) by Willy Vandersteen (originally made in Dutch)
****Spirou et Fantasio*** by André Franquin, Jijé and others
****Tanguy et Laverdure*** by Jean-Michel Charlier, Jijé and others
****Thorgal*** by Grzegorz Rosiński and Jean Van Hamme
****The Adventures of Tintin*** by Hergé
****Titeuf*** by Zep
****Les Tuniques Bleues*** by Willy Lambil and Raoul Cauvin
****Valérian and Laureline*** by Jean-Claude Mézières and Pierre Christin
Albert Namatjira

**Albert Namatjira** (28 July 1902 – 8 August 1959), born **Elea Namatjira**, was an Indigenous Australian artist. He is one of Australia's most well-known painters. He is best known for his watercolour paintings of the Australian outback landscape. His works were not in the traditional style of Aboriginal art. But they became important to forming the style of modern indigenous art in Australia.

Namatjira was an Arrernte man from the western MacDonnell Ranges area. He was born at Hermannsburg, a Lutheran mission near Alice Springs. He was born as Elea, but once baptised, his parents changed his name to Albert. He had a western-style upbringing on the mission. When he turned 13, though, he returned to the bush for his initiation. He was made a member of the Arrernte community and was introduced to his traditional heritage. Namatjira said this is how he came to understand the kinship with his land that is seen in his works. He eventually become an elder of the Arrernte community.

His first exhibition was held in Melbourne in 1938. Exhibitions after this in Sydney and Adelaide sold out. His art became widely recognised around Australia. A portrait painting of him by William Dargie won the Archibald Prize in 1956.

## References 
* 

## Other websites
*Albert Namatjira photograph collection at the National Library of Australia
*Australian Dictionary of Biography entry 
*Seeing the Centre: The art of Albert Namatjira 1902-1959 , an online exhibition of the National Gallery of Australia