open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fountain of Apollo

The **Fountain of Apollo** () is a fountain at the Palace of Versailles. It depicts the Greek sun god Apollo rising from the sea at daybreak in his four-horse chariot. He is accompanied by Tritons. In 1639, Louis XIII had a pond dug on the site of the fountain called the Pond of the Swans. In 1671, Louis XIV enlarged the pond. Le Brun suggested it be dedicated to Apollo based on its east-west orientation. The parallels drawn between Louis and the sun god also entered into the decision. Le Brun's Apollo is seen sitting in his four-horse chariot. He rises from the  of Thetys where he has spent the night. This theme was popular in the arts at the time. The gilded statue was made by Tuby of Rome. It was installed in 1671. Beyond the fountain lies the Grand Canal. The Fountain of Apollo incorrectly depicts Apollo rising in the west rather than the east.

In 2014, a same-scale replica was unveiled in Tainan, Taiwan, at the entrance of the Chimei Museum. The museum commissioned French artist Gilles Perrault in 2008 to reproduce the Fountain of Apollo, same as the one in Palace of Versailles. It took three years for modern laser measuring and the mold to be made in France for the reproduction sculpture, and another three years to carve the marble in Italy. This Fountain of Apollo in Chimei Museum, however, correctly depicts Apollo rising from the east. 

## Related pages 
* Water gardens

## Gallery 

File:Palace of Versailles Gardens 13.JPG|
File:Adam Perelle, Le Bassin d'Apollon (The Fountain of Apollo, Versailles), 1680s.jpg|
File:Apollon et ses chevaux, Bassin du char d'Apollon, Château de Versailles.jpg|
File:Chateau de versailles22.jpg|
File:1920s Leconte Map of Paris w-Monuments and Map of Versailles - Geographicus - ParisVersailles-leconte-1920s - 2.jpg|Map of Versailles
File:Vue à vol d’oiseau des jardins de Versailles.jpg|Fountain of Apollo (foreground)
File:Grandes Eaux Musicales de Versailles.jpg|Fountain at play

## Notes
## References 
* Constans, Claire. 1995. *Versailles*. Éditions Mahé. p. 83.
* Perouse de Montclos, Jean-Marie. 1991. *Versailles*. Abbeville Press. pp. 42, 148, 152, 337, 378.
Champcevrais

**Champcevrais** is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References
*INSEE
Chevannes, Yonne

**Chevannes** is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the middle of France.

## Related pages
*Communes of the Yonne department

## References
*INSEE
Cravant, Yonne

**Cravant** is a former commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Deux Rivières.

## References
Mia (given name)

The name **Mia** is a female name taken from the Slavic terminology *mila* (which represents "darling"). The moniker "Mia" comes from the Italian language and has its roots in the term "mio," which translates to "mine" or "my." It's common in Italian culture to use "Mia" as a pet name, akin to the English terms "honey" or "sweetheart." This usage imbues the name with a sense of warmth and affection, making it an ideal option for parents seeking a name that expresses love and tenderness towards their child. The name is strongly prevalent throughout Europe, the United States, England and Germany; in central Europe, *Mia* is a pet name version for *Maria*, *Amelia* and *Emilia*. This name was ranked #8 on the US Popular Names in 2021. There are many celebrities with the name, including Mia Hamm, Mia Rose and Mia Farrow.

## People 
* Mia Wasikowska, Australian actress
* Mia Malkova, American media personality and longtime pornographic actress
* Mia Sara, American actress

## References
La Ferté-Hauterive

**La Ferté-Hauterive** is a commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.

## References
*INSEE
Fleuriel

**Fleuriel** is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.

## References
*INSEE
Givarlais

**Givarlais** is a former commune in the Allier department in central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Haut-Bocage.

## References
*INSEE
Electoral college

An **electoral college** is a group of people who are chosen to elect a candidate to a particular  (job). The electors usually have one vote each. Often each elector represents a particular organization or . Many times, though, the electors are simply important people whose wisdom would ideally make a better choice than a larger group of people. The electoral college can ignore the wishes of a general membership.

A similar concept existed in the former Holy Roman Empire, in which the Holy Roman Emperor was elected by the rulers of various provinces of the Empire, or their representatives. These rulers were referred to as Electors. For instance, King George III of Great Britain was also Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg ("Hanover") and later became King of Hanover, though he never went to Hanover.   

## Related pages 
* U.S. Electoral College
Karen

**Karen** is a female given name, and a Danish short version of *Katherine*. The pronunciation of the name is [ k*uh*-**ren** ]. The name Karen is of Danish origin, and it means "pure" or "chaste." It ranked in the top 10 during 1950s and 1960s, peaking at the #3 in 1965. There are multiple celebrities with the name. In addition, the name is currently being used for Atlantic tropical cyclones.
'Karren' is also a surname. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021). Karen has also became a derogatory term for middle-aged white women.
## People And Fictional Characters 
* Karen Pence , American educator and Second Lady of the United States
* Karen (slang) , a common given name used as pejorative American slang term referring to an annoying white entitled woman
* Karen Carpenter, American singer and drummer (1950–1983)
* Billy Karren, musician
* Karren Brady, business leader
* Karen (The Walking Dead), a female character in the TV series *The Walking Dead*
* Karen Plankton, a female computer character in *SpongeBob SquarePants*
* Karen Akers, American singer
* Karen Gillan, Scottish actress and filmmaker

## References
Katherine

**Katherine** is a female name that is very popular in multiple countries, and especially so in Christian countries. It is of Greek origin and means "pure" or "clear." The pronunciation of the name is [**kath**-er-in, **kath**-rin]. The name and its related variants have ranked on the 100 most popular girls names in the United States since around 1880. There are many celebrities with the name itself and its variants. Its variants *Kate*, *Katrina* and *Karen* have been used on Atlantic tropical cyclones. This name was ranked #158 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Katherine Johnson, African-American mathematician
* Katherine Dunham, American dancer, choreographer, songwriter, actress and activist
* Katharine Hepburn, American actress (1907–2003)
* Katherine Maher, former chief executive officer and executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation
* Katherine Milhous, American Quaker artist and writer
* Katharine McPhee, American recording artist; singer and songwriter

## References
Hugo (name)

The name **Hugo** [ **hyoo**-goh ] is a male given name of Germanic origin *Hugo*, which means "bright in mind and spirit". Hugo is a moniker with a lengthy existence, boasting a complex background and significance. Its roots can be traced back to the Germanic language, where it translates to "mind" or "intellect." The term itself originates from the Old High German word "hug," signifying "thought" or "mind." The name Hugo has seen usage in various societies and tongues, earning a widespread appeal throughout the course of history. The English spelling for *Hugo* is *Hugh*. The name can also be used for surnames. The popularity of *Hugo* is very high in Europe. A devastating hurricane with the name struck the Caribbean Islands and South Carolina in September 1989.

## People 
* Hugo Lloris, French association football player
* Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela, 1999–2002 and 2002–2013

## References
Narsingdi District

**Narsingdi** (, ) is a district in central Bangladesh. It is 50&nbsp;km north-east of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It is part of the Dhaka Division.
Sugandha Shaktipeeth

**Sugandha Shaktipeeth** (), is a Hindu temple of the Goddess Sunanda, in Bangladesh. It is in the village of Shikarpur, 10 miles north of Barisal.

## References
Fontenay-sous-Fouronnes

**Fontenay-sous-Fouronnes** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References
*INSEE
Adaptive replacement cache

**Adaptive replacement cache** (often abbreviates *ARC*) is a page replacement algorithm which was developed by IBM. It has a better performance than the frequently used LRU cache algorithm.
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica

in Rome]]
The '''Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica (GNAA)**, or **National Gallery of Ancient Art''', is an art gallery in Rome, Italy, located on two sites: the Palazzo Barberini and the Palazzo Corsini. The Palazzo Barberini was designed for Pope Urban VIII, a member of the Barberini family, by Italian architect Carlo Maderno (1556&ndash;1629) on the old location of Villa Sforza. Its central salon ceiling was decorated by Pietro da Cortona with the visual panegyric of the Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power to glorify the papal Barberini family. The Palazzo Corsini, formerly known as Palazzo Riario, is a 15th century palace that was rebuilt in the 18th century by architect Ferdinando Fuga for Cardinal Neri Maria Corsini.  For a partial list of artworks, see Palazzo Corsini entry.

The gallery's collection includes works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Caravaggio, Giovanni Baglione, Hans Holbein, Perugino, Nicolas Poussin, Giulio Romano, Raphael, Carlo Saraceni Tiepolo, Tintoretto and Tiziano.

## References
## Other websites
* Gallerie Nazionali d'Arte Antica official sites
* Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei , hosted in the Palazzo Corsini
Sovereign's Orb

The '''Sovereign's Orb''' is a piece of coronation regalia. It was created for the coronation of Charles II in 1661 from the royal goldsmith Robert Viner. It has been used at all coronations and events after the one of Charles II. 

In 1671, it was damaged in Colonel Thomas Blood's attempt to steal the regalia. The Orb shows Christian sovereignty over the earth. It was set with 12 large diamonds, 30 rubies, sapphires, and emeralds for the coronation of George I in 1714. 

During the coronation ceremony, the Archbishop of Canterbury places the orb in the right hand of the Monarch. It is put back on the altar. The Monarch leaves the coronation wearing the Crown, carrying the Scepter, and holding the Orb.

William and Mary came to the throne in 1689 as King and Queen, each in their own right. An orb was made for Mary II. It is called '''Queen Mary's Orb'''. It was used once and never used again. Both orbs were placed on Queen Victoria's coffin at her funeral.

The orbs are hollow balls of gold. The Sovereign's Orb is 6.5" in diameter. It weighs 42oz 7dwt. Queen Mary's orb is smaller: it measures 5.75" in diameter. It weighs 34oz 6dwt. Queen Mary's orb was originally set with hired jewels. Today it is set with imitations for display purposes. The Sovereign's Orb is currently set with over 600 precious stones and pearls.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Photograph of the Sovereign's Orb
* Official website of the British Monarchy
* Sovereign's Orb
Haiku (operating system)

**Haiku** (initially **OpenBeOS**) is an open source operating system in development aimed at personal desktop computing and inspired by Be Inc.'s BeOS. It is designed to be fast and easy to use. Haiku is written in C++ and uses a kernel based on the NewOS kernel. Haiku is licensed under the MIT License. Haiku's version of the BFS is optimized for speed and performance. In 2003, Phipps founded the non-profit Haiku, Inc. in order to support Haiku and its development.

## References
## Other websites
*haiku-os.org
*newos.org
Lucy

The name **Lucy** [ **loo**-see ] is a French and English female given name. It is feminine for the male name *Lucius* (which means "as of light"). There are several celebrities with this name. Fictional characters having the name include Lucy McClane from *Die Hard*.
Lucy is a beautiful, happy, cheerful name. This name was ranked #47 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Lucy Lawless, New Zealand actress and singer
* Lucy Pinder, English glamour model
* Lucy Webb Hayes, First Lady of the United States
* Lucy (Australopithecus), a fossilized skeleton of an *Australopithecus*

## References
Golden triangle (universities)

The **Golden Triangle** is an unofficial name for a set of leading universities in the southern English cities of Oxford, Cambridge and London.

The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge ('Oxbridge') form two corners of the triangle. The third is London: Imperial College, University College London, King's College London and the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). The last three are independent colleges of the University of London.  The universities within the triangle (with the exception of the LSE) attract the highest research incomes of all British universities.

However, it has been argued that it should be replaced by a term like "Brilliant Diamond", to include the University of Manchester. The figures below suggest that both the universities of Manchester and Edinburgh belong in the same class, and might better reflect the geographical spectrum of the UK higher education.

Oxford, Cambridge and some of the London institutions collaborate in research. The Global Medical Excellence Cluster (GMEC) for biomedical research was formed by Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College, University College London, King's College London and Queen Mary University of London.

## Rankings
### World
### Domestic
## Research income
**Note:**

a Excludes the School of Pharmacy, which merged with UCL in January 2012; the School of Pharmacy had a research income of £8,130,000 in the period.

bThe LSE has a much lower research income, perhaps explained by its concentration on social science research.

## References
Sebastian Shaw

**Sebastian Lewis Shaw** (May 29, 1905 &ndash; December 23, 1994) was an English actor, director, novelist, playwright and poet. Shaw is known for his role in *Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi*, *The Spy in Black*, *It Happened Here*, *Men Are Not Gods*, and in ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. 

Shaw was born on May 29, 1905 in Holt, Norfolk, England. He was raised in Holt. Shaw stuided at Slade School and at the Royal Academy of the Dramatic Arts. He was married to Margaret Delamere from 1929 until they divorced in 1956. They had daughter, Drusilla. Shaw died on December 23, 1994 in Brighton, East Sussex, England from natural causes, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Ian Richardson

**Ian William Richardson** (7 April 1934 &ndash; 9 February 2007) was a Scottish actor who was well known for his role as Francis Urquhart in *House of Cards*. He won a Drama Desk Award in 1976.

Richardson was born on 7 April 1934 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was raised in Balgreen, Edinburgh. Richardson studied at Balgreen Primary School, at Tynecastle High School, at the George Heriot's School, and at the College of Dramatic Arts. He was married to Maroussia Frank from 1961 until his death in 2007. They had a son, Miles. Richardson died on 9 February 2007 in London, England from a heart attack, aged 72.

## References
## Other website
*
*
* Interview with Ian Richardson at the Theatre Archive Project 
* Ian Richardson's performances in the Theatre Archive, University of Bristol
* *The Guardian* – Actor Ian Richardson dies
* *The Guardian* – obituary
* *BBC* – Obituary: Ian Richardson
* Ian Richardson Tribute
Cookie (movie)

***Cookie*** is a 1989 comedy movie released on August 23, 1989 by Warner Brothers. 

## Cast
* Peter Falk - Dominick "Dino" Capisco
* Dianne Wiest Lenore Voltecki
* Emily Lloyd - Carmela "Cookie" Voltecki
* Michael V. Gazzo - Carmine
* Brenda Vaccaro - Bunny Capisco
* Adrian Pasdar - Vito
* Lionel Stander - Enzo Della Testa
* Jerry Lewis - Arnold Ross
* Bob Gunton - Richie Segretto
* Joe Mantello - Dominick
* Ricki Lake - Pia
* Joy Behar - Dottie

## Other websites
* 
*
Anna

The name **Anna** [ah-nuh] is a female given name with multiple variants. In Hebrew, it means "favor" or "grace". The variant *Anne* was originally French, although it has been in use in English for hundreds of years. The variant spelling *Ann* was originally English. There are countless famous people, queens and saints under this name and its variants. The year when the name Anna was most popular is 1904. In that year, the number of births is 5330, which represents 1.823 percent of total female births in 1904. This name was ranked #84 on the US Popular Female Names in 2021. 

The Spanish variant *Ana* has been used for Atlantic tropical cyclones. There are also many composite variants of **Anna**, including *Annabelle* (which is French) and *Annabella* (which is Italian).

## People named Anna
* Saint Anne, known by tradition as the mother of the Virgin Mary
* Anna of Russia (1693–1740), Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740
* Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain (1549–1580) 
* Anna Akhmatova (1889–1966), Russian poet
* Anna Atkins (1799–1871), British botanist and photographer
* Anna Bergendahl (born 1991), Swedish singer and former Idol 2008 contestant
* Anna Camp (born 1982), American actress
* Anna Deavere Smith (born 1950), American actress, playwright, and professor
* Anna Faris (born 1976), American actress
* Anna Freud (1895–1982), Austrian-British psychoanalyst
* Anna J. Cooper  (1858–1964), African-American author, educator, speaker and scholar
* Anna Karina (1940–2019), Danish-French actress
* Anna Kendrick (born 1985), American actress
* Anna Lee Fisher (born 1949), American astronaut and physician
* Anna Levinson (1939–2015), German zoologist
* Anna Lindh (1957–2003), Swedish politician and lawyer
* Anna Mae Bullock (1938–2023), American singer, better known as Tina Turner
* Anna Maria Alberghetti (born 1936) Italian-American opera singer and actress
* Anna May Wong (1905–1961), Chinese-American actress
* Anna Nicole Smith (1967–2007), American model, actress, and television personality 
* Anna Paquin (born 1982), New Zealand actress
* Anna Pavlova (1881–1931), Russian prima ballerina
* Anna Pavlovna of Russia (1795–1865), Queen of the Netherlands
* Anna Politkovskaya (1958-2006), Russian journalist
* Anna Wintour (born 1949), British-American media executive, former editor-in-chief of *Vogue* magazine

## Places
* Anna, Estonia, a village in Paide Parish, Järva County, Estonia
* Anna Regina, the capital of the Pomeroon-Supenaam Region of Guyana
* Anna, Latvia, a village in the Alūksne District, Latvia
* Anna Valley, a village in Hampshire, United Kingdom
* Anna, Kentucky, United States
* Anna, Illinois, United States
* Anna, Ohio, United States
* Anna, Texas, United States
* Lake Anna, a freshwater lake in central Virginia, United States

### Rivers
* Anna River in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
* North Anna River in Virginia, tributary of the Pamunkey River
* South Anna River in Virginia, tributary of the Pamunkey River

### Fictional use
* Anna, a character in the 2006 song "Boten Anna" by Basshunter

## References
Lady Elizabeth Delmé and Her Children

***Lady Elizabeth Delmé and Her Children*** (1779) is an oil on canvas portrait by Joshua Reynolds. It hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. The sitters in the picture are Lady Elizabeth Delmé and her children John and Isabella Elizabeth. They sat for their portraits in April and June 1777. Reynolds was paid three hundred pounds for the work in 1780, and touched up and re-varnished the picture in 1789.

Reynolds believed in the what was called the "Grand Manner". The two years involved in completing the portrait would have aged the children. "But Reynolds worked from abstract principles of design rather than observation of nature," the National Gallery of Art writes, "One of his conceptions for Grand Manner likenesses was: *Each person should have the expression which men of his rank generally exhibit.* Reynolds therefore suppressed psychological individuality to gain a grandeur appropriate for these aristocrats."

Reynolds alluded to the Madonnas of Raphael (such as the *Madonna of the Goldfinch*) in the triangular configuration of the sitters.  This was another attempt to evoke the Grand Manner. Rembrandt and Titian are hinted at in the browns of the background.  

Cynthia Saltzman writes in *Old Masters, New Worlds* (2009) that "Lady Delmé has a long, elegant face, heavy-lidded eyes, and towering powdered hair. She wears a white dress and a cloak that covers her knees in a cascade of rose-colored satin that speaks both to her beauty and to the luxury at her command." Saltzman writes that *Lady Delmé* is one of the finest representatives of Reynolds's intent to raise portraiture to the level of history painting. English portraiture of the period "flattered the sitter", Saltzman explains, by depicting the sitter as a member of a powerful ruling class whose very existence made the world a better place.

## References 
* NGA: *Lady Elizabeth Delmé and Her Children* 
* *British Paintings of the Sixteenth through Nineteenth Centuries*. Oxford University Press. pp.&nbsp;213–215
* Saltzman, Cynthia. 2009. ''Old Masters, New Worlds: America's Raid on Europe's Great Pictures''. Viking. Unpaged.
St. Edward's Crown

al depiction of the crown of St Edward as used in royal symbols.]]

'''St. Edward's Crown''' is a part of the British coronation regalia. The crown was commissioned for the Coronation of Charles II on 23 April 1661 from the Crown Jeweller, Robert Viner. After the 1689 coronation of William III, its importance diminished. It was often carried in procession and set on the altar rather than placed on the Monarch's head. The Imperial State Crown was used instead for the actual crowning. It was not until George V's coronation in 1911 that the crown resumed its traditional place.

At a coronation, the Archbishop of Canterbury takes the crown from the altar and places it reverently upon the Monarch's head. "God save the King/Queen" is heard. The princes and princesses, the peers and peeresses put on their coronets and caps. The trumpets sound and a royal salute is fired at the Tower of London. After the crowning, the Monarch is enthroned and receives the homage of the clergy, princes, and peers.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the British Monarchy
* St Edward's Crown
Mrs. Winterbourne

***Mrs. Winterbourne*** is a 1996 romantic comedy and drama starring Shirley MacLaine, Ricki Lake, and Brendan Fraser.  It is kindly based on Cornell Woolrich's book *I Married a Dead Man*, which has already been filmed in Hollywood as *No Man of Her Own* (1950) starring Barbara Stanwyck, and in Hindi as *Kati Patang* (1970). The movie was filmed on location in and around Toronto, Ontario including Eaton Hall in King City, Ontario.

## Cast
* Shirley MacLaine as Grace Winterbourne 
* Ricki Lake as Connie Doyle/"Patricia Winterbourne" 
* Brendan Fraser as Bill / Hugh Winterbourne 
* Miguel Sandoval as Paco
* Loren Dean as Steve DeCunzo
* Peter Gerety as Father Brian Kilraine
* Jane Krakowski as Christine
* Debra Monk as Lieutenant Ambrose
* Cathryn de Prume as Renee
* Susan Haskell as Patricia Winterbourne
* Bobcat Goldthwait (*uncredited*) as TV comedian
* Paula Prentiss (*uncredited*) as Maternity nurse

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Pierre-Perthuis

**Pierre-Perthuis** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## Other websites
*Communes of the Yonne department
*Parc naturel régional du Morvan

## References
Guilford Native American Association

The **Guilford Native American Association** is a Native American community association in Guilford County, North Carolina. It is a North Carolina *State-recognized American Indian Organization*, 
and is a United Way referral agency.

Started in September 1975 by local parents as a non-profit education  group, the association has grown to include child care, employment, and age-based community programs. It is the oldest American Indian urban association in North Carolina and one of the oldest organizations of its kind in the United States.

Its stated main goal is to "assist Indian people in achieving social and economic self-sufficiency". It serves over 5,000 Native Americans in Guilford and the surrounding counties.The association also operates the Guilford Native American Art Gallery in Greensboro, North Carolina.

## References
## Other websites
* GNAA website
Methuselah

**Methuselah** was the son of Enoch and the father of Lamech in Genesis chapter 5. He is stated as having lived to the age of 969 (verse 27) and so his name in English is proverbial for great age.

## References
Roxanne

**Roxanne** [ rok-**san** ] is a female given name. The name is based on the Greek name *Roxane*. *Roxane* comes from the Persian word *Roschana*, which means "dawn of day". The name was ranked 389 in the 1990 U.S. Census. It fell out of the top 1000 girls names in the 21st century. The name has been popular in Australia and Canada, however. This name was used for a damaging hurricane in 1995. It was also the title of a single from music group The Police in the 1980s.

## People 
* Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, American historian
* Rosanne Cash, American singer-songwriter

## References
The Ballet of the Nuns

***The Ballet of the Nuns*** is the first *ballet blanc* and the first romantic ballet. 

The short ballet tells of deceased nuns rising from their tombs in a ruined cloister to  the knight, Robert le Diable. At the end of the ballet, the white-clad nuns return to their tombs.  The ballet was created because officials at the Paris Opéra wanted to  the building's newly installed gas lighting. The lighting was capable of creating ghastly effects.

A ballet on a *Robert le Diable* theme was danced in Paris before Her Highness Mlle de Longueville in 1652. *The Ballet of the Nuns* however was something entirely new in concept to audiences on the ballet's opening night. Henri Duponchel, managing director of the Paris Opéra, was in charge of visual effects at the Opéra. He wanted to demonstrate the venue's recently installed gas lighting. The nuns were not completely naked, but Andersen did capture the essence of the scene.

## Opening night 
Opening night was spoiled by a falling gaslight and a trapdoor that would not close properly. A piece of scenery fell, narrowly missing Taglioni. The curtain was brought down. The ballerina assured everyone she was unharmed. The curtain rose and the performance continued. It ended in a triumph for Meyerbeer, the Taglionis, and Dr. Louis Véron, the Opéra's new manager.

*Nuns* was the first *ballet blanc* and the first romantic ballet. The opera was performed 756 times between 1831 and 1893 at the Paris Opéra.  French Impressionist Edgar Degas painted the ballet scene several times between 1871 and 1876. Taglioni was replaced by Louise Fitzjames, who danced the role 232 times.  

The Danish choreographer August Bournonville saw Fitzjames's performance as the Abbess in Paris in 1841. He based his own choreography, which was used in Copenhagen between 1833 and 1863, on this. His choreography has been fully preserved. It represents the only record of the original.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's future wife Fanny Appleton wrote, "The diabolical music and the dead rising from their tombs and the terrible darkness and the strange dance unite to form a stage effect almost unrivaled. The famous witches' (nuns) dance in the freezing moonlight in the ruined abbey, was as impressive as expected ... They drop in like flakes of snow and are certainly very charming witches with their jaunty Parisian figures and most refined pirouettes." Kisselgoff writes, "... the preoccupation with the supernatural that characterized so much of 19th-century ballet could be traced to the success of the *Ballet of the Nuns* in Meyerbeer's first production at the Paris Opéra".

## Notes 
## References 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Dietrich Bonhoeffer

**Dietrich Bonhoeffer** (4 February 1906 in Breslau – 9 April 1945 in Flossenbürg concentration camp) was an important Lutheran pastor from Germany who was killed by the Nazis during World War II. He is known partly for his belief that killing Adolf Hitler was a moral act. In his early life he believed that all Jews should turn into Christians, but supported them anyway. He disagreed with the general anti-semitism and so created a theological college. He wrote a book called *The Cost of Discipleship* about following Christianity.  

Two days after Hitler became Chancellor, Bonhoeffer made a radio speech against him. Later, with Martin Niemöller and others, he started the anti-Nazi Confessing Church. Eventually he became part of the attempt by Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg to assassinate Hitler, but was arrested and executed, three weeks before Hitler killed himself. He was hanged days before the liberation of the POW camp where he was imprisoned.

## References
Henrietta

**Henrietta** is a female given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ hen-ree-**et**-*uh* ]. It comes from the male given name *Henry which means "ruler of the household" or "estate ruler."* Henrietta is the English form of the French name *Henriette*. The short version of this name is *Harriet*. In some English-speaking areas, Henrietta is not used as much as it used to be. *Harriet*, however, is popular for certain countries. Both *Henrietta* and *Harriet* were most popular in the 1960s in United States. Henrietta itself ranked 446th in popularity in the 1990 census. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People 
* Henrietta Boggs , American author
* Henrietta Swan Levitt , American astronomer and human calculator

* Henrietta Maria of France, queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I
* Henriette Gardelle, French swimmer (1905-1928)

## References
Tiffany (given name)

**Tiffany** [ **tif**-*uh*-nee ] is a female given name. The moniker Tiffany gained widespread popularity during the 1960s and 1970s, largely due to the renowned jewelry brand Tiffany & Co. Additionally, the character of Tiffany Case in the James Bond novel and film "Diamonds Are Forever" further contributed to the name's popularity. There are several different ways to spell it. The name is English for the Greek name *Theophania*. *Tiffany* was formerly given to children who were born near Epiphany. There are several celebrities under the name, including singer Tiffany Darwish. This name was ranked #864 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Tiffany Young, Korean-American singer
* Tiffany Thornton, American actress
* Tiffany Trump, American socialite and research assistant

## References
Geraldine

**Geraldine** is a female given name.The pronunciation of the name is [ **jer**-*uh*l-deen ].  It is a female version of the name *Gerald*. The name means "ruler of spear" .This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021). There are many famous people having the name, such as Geraldine Ferraro, Geri Halliwell and Geraldine James.

## People 
* Geraldine Fitzgerald , Irish-American actress
* Geraldine Chaplin, British-American actress
* Geraldine McEwan, British actress (1932-2015)
* Geraldine Farrar, American soprano opera singer and film actress (1882-1967)
* Geraldine James, British actress

## References
Imperial State Crown

The **Imperial State Crown** is one of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom and symbolises the sovereignty of the monarch.  The crown has existed in several versions since the 15th century.  

The modern version of the Imperial State Crown is of a design somewhat similar to that of St Edward's Crown, but shorter and encrusted with jewels: it includes a base of four crosses alternating with four fleurs-de-lis, above which are four half-arches surmounted by a cross. Inside is a purple velvet cap with an ermine border. The Imperial State Crown includes many precious gems, including 2,868 diamonds, 273 pearls, 17 sapphires, 11 emeralds, and 5 rubies.

The crown includes several famous jewels. The cross at the top is set with a stone known as St. Edward's Sapphire, a sapphire taken from the ring (or possibly coronet) of Edward the Confessor. The Black Prince's Ruby (actually a spinel) is set on the front cross pattée; the famous Cullinan II, or Lesser Star of Africa, is set on the front; and the back band contains the  Stuart Sapphire. The crown also contains Queen Elizabeth’s Pearls.

When not in use, it is kept with the other Crown Jewels on display at the Jewel House in the Tower of London.

## References
Baby Cakes (movie)

**Baby Cakes** is a 1989 television movie starring Ricki Lake and Craig Sheffer.  It was released on Valentine's Day in 1989 and is currently aired sporadically on Lifetime and Lifetime Movie Network.

## Cast 
*Ricki Lake as Grace 
*Craig Sheffer as Rob Harrison
*Nada Despotovich as Keri
*John Karlen as Al
*Betty Buckley as Wanda
*Cynthia Dale as Olivia

## Other websites
*
Nancy (given name)

The name **Nancy** [ **nan**-see; *French* nahn-**see** ] is a female given name. It comes off *Hannah*, meaning "grace". The name was originally a nickname for girls. However, from the 18th century onward, Nancy became a proper name. This name was ranked #945 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States (1981—1989)
* Nancy Cartwright, American actress
* Nancy Pelosi, American politician (born 1940)
* Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater (born 1969)

## References
Narayanganj District

**Narayanganj** (, '''') is a district in central Bangladesh. It is part of the Dhaka Division. The main city of the district is Narayanganj.

## References
Addition reaction

In organic chemistry an **addition reaction** happens when two molecules come together to make a bigger one. This can only happen when one of the molecules already has a double or triple bond. These can be carbon-carbon bonds or even carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen and others. One of the two molecules is called the nucleophile, and this is the one that gives the electrons to the other to make the new bond. The other molecule is called the electrophile, and this is the one that gets the electrons.

An addition reaction is the opposite of an elimination reaction. Common examples of addition reactions are the addition of water across a double bond and the nucleophilic attack on a carbonyl.

## References
Ho Jong-suk

**Ho Jong-suk** (; July 16, 1908 – June 5, 1991) was a Korean politician, journalist and independence activist. One of her main topics of interest was feminism. Her courtesy name was **Jongja**(정자, 貞子) and her pen name was Sukayi(수가이, 秀嘉伊).

## Works 
* In Grace Lover (은혜로운 사랑 속에서)
* Democraticism founder days (민주건국의 나날에)
* Historical rememories of great loves (위대한 사랑의 력사를 되새기며)

## Site web 
* Heo Jong-suk:britannica  
* Heo Jong-suk  
* Heo Jong-suk 
* 허정숙 
* [http://www.minjok.com/news/article_view.php?code=1170 ] 노여류혁명가 허정숙 여사를 추모하여 
* Heo Jong-suk 
* Heo Jong-suk
Feni District

**Feni**  () is a district in south-eastern Bangladesh. It is part of the Chittagong Division. According to the latest population count in 2022, around 1.6 million people live in Feni.

Feni used to be part of Pakistan, but it became an independent place on 6 December 1971. At first, it was part of the Noakhali district, but in 1984 it became its own separate district.

Feni is divided into six smaller areas called upazilas. The names of these upazilas are Sonagazi, Fulgazi, Parshuram, Daganbhuiyan, Chhagalnaiya, and Feni Sadar. It also has 43 union councils, which are even smaller divisions.

## References
Lakshmipur District

**Lakshmipur or Laxmipur District** (, *Lakshmipur Jela* also *Lakshmipur Zila*)  with an area of 1455.96&nbsp;km², is a district of Bangladesh. It is bordered by Chandpur District to the north, Bhola and Noakhali districts to the south, Noakhali District to the east, and Barisal and Bhola districts to the west.

## Subdivisions
The upazilas under this district are:
*Lakshmipur Sadar Upazila
*Raipur Upazila
*Ramganj Upazila
*Ramgati Upazila
*Kamalnagar Upazila

The district of Lakshmipur consists 3539 mosques, 45 temples, 1 churches.

## Notable residents
* Mohammad Mohammadullah, (3rd President of Bangladesh), 24 December 1973 – 25 January 1975
* Mohammad Toaha, language activist of the Bengali Language Movement and politician
* A. S. M. Abdur Rab, Bangladeshi politician. 
* Mohammad Noman, political leader of Jatiyo Party. 
* Selina Parvin, (19311971), journalist and poet, martyr of Bangladesh War of Independence, was born in Ramganj Upazila

## References
## Other websites
* DC Office, Lakshmipur
Electrophile

(Br2) is the electrophile]]
In chemistry, an **electrophile** is a molecule or an atom that is happy to take electrons from another one. Many electrophiles have a positive charge. They are also called Lewis acids. Some examples of electrophiles are molecules where the atoms have a big difference in electronegativity, like HCl or a carbonyl, or also oxidizing agents.

Electrophiles get attacked by a nucleophile, which is the opposite kind of molecule. This happens for example in addition reactions.  

## Organic Chemistry 
### Addition of halogens 
C2H4 + Br2 → BrCH2CH2Br

## References
Erin

The name **Erin** [ **er**-in ] is an Irish and English female name.

## Origin
The name comes from the ancient name for Ireland. Erin is a name that has been utilized for both male and female individuals, although it is more frequently assigned to females. The name has its origins in Ireland and is derived from the Gaelic term "Éirinn," which means "Ireland." Erin has been in use for centuries and has a profound historical and cultural significance.

## Prevalence
The name first became popular around the United States. Erin is one of the twenty most-often used female names in Wales. There are many famous people with this name. It is being used on Atlantic tropical cyclones.

## People
* Erin Brockovich, environmental activist from the United States
* Erin Joyce Brady, an American model, actress and pageant winner from Connecticut

## References
Berthe Morisot

]]

**Berthe Marie Pauline Morisot** (; January 14, 1841 – March 2, 1895) was an Impressionist painter. She was born in Bourges, France, and died in Paris.

In the 1860s, she studied with Camille Corot. She exhibited at the 1865 Salon. Morisot met artist Édouard Manet in 1868.  Manet painted her portrait several times. The two had great influence on one another's work. In 1874, she married his brother, Eugène.

She exhibited at the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874. Morisot worked in oils, pastels, and watercolor. Her pictures are light and delicate. They typically depict women and children in everyday domestic life.

Many critics ridiculed the Impressionists. Morisot was not spared. She was never commercially successful during her lifetime. During her lifetime however, she outsold prominent Impressionists Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Alfred Sisley.

## Gallery 

File:Berthe Morisot, Le berceau (The Cradle), 1872.jpg|The Cradle, 1872
File:Child among the Hollyhocks - Berthe Morisot - Paris 1863 – 1874- Revolution in der Kunst-9810 (without frame).jpg|Child among the staked roses, 1881
File:Berthe Morisot The Bath.jpg|The Bath, 1885 or 1886

## References
James (son of Alphaeus)

**James (Son of Alphaeus)** was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. 

He has traditionally been identified with James the Just, bishop of Jerusalem.

## Relation to Matthew 
Matthew/Levi is also called son of Alphaeus in the Gospel of Mark 2:14 so tradition has them as brothers but the New Testament does not state this, unlike the sons of Zebedee, Saint James and John.
Henri Rousseau

**Henri Julien Félix Rousseau** (; 21 May 1844 – 2 September 1910) was a post-Impressionist painter. He was born at Laval, Mayenne. He worked a variety of jobs (saxophonist, toll collector) before beginning to paint at age 40. He was known as *Le Douanier* ("the customs officer").

From 1886 onwards, he exhibited at the *Salon des Indépendents*. In 1905, he began exhibiting at the ''Salon d'Automne''.

François Mathey wrote: "Rousseau is considered to be the greatest master of naïve painting, for his art combines a spontaneous vision of reality with an imaginary universe of great plastic and poetical power, in which he allied audacity with innocence, monumental composition with minute detail".

Some critics ridiculed him for his style, but he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius. Rousseau's work had a great influence on many avant-garde artists.

He had an unhappy love affair in his last months. He died in Paris in 1910.

## Gallery 

File:Henri Rousseau 010.jpg|*Sleeping Gypsy*, 1897
File:Henri Rousseau Three apes In The Orange Grove 1907c.jpg|*Three Apes In The Orange Grove*, 1907c
File:Henri Rousseau - The Football Players.jpg|*The Football Players*, 1908

## References
Amber (name)

The name **Amber** [am-ber] [/ˈæm bər/]is a female given name. 

## Origin
It comes from the word *amber*. This comes from the Arabic word *anbar* which means "ambergris". 

## Prevalence
The name is a very popular name for English-speaking areas. It was the 165th most popular for the United States (US) in 2008. The name ranked among the top 25 most popular girl's names between 1980 and 1997. It ranked among the top 100 most used female names in Canada, Western Europe and Australia. There are some celebrities with the name, including Amber Heard.

## People
* Amber (performer), a pop music/dance music performer and singer
* Amber Hagerman, American murder victim, after whom the AMBER Alert was named
* Amber Heard, American actress
* Amber Littlejohn, Native American professional figure competitor
* Amber Merritt, Australian wheelchair basketball player
* Amber Rudd,British politician
* Amber Midthunder,American actress
* Amber Tamblyn,American actress
* Amber Ruffin,American comedian
* Amber Coffman,American musician
* Amber Riley,actress, singer
* Amber Rayne,pornographic performer
* Amber Lee Connors,American voice actress
* Amber Heard,an American actress
* Amber Rudd,a British Conservative Party politician
* Amber Valletta,an American movie and television program actress and model

## Television characters
* Amber, a character in the television series *Hannah Montana*
* Amber Volakis, a character from the television series *House*

## References
Mia Sara

**Mia Sara** (born 19 June 1967, Brooklyn, New York) is an American actress. She appears mostly in movies. She was in *Timecop* (1994), ''Ferris Bueller's Day Off* (1986) and *Legend'' (1985). She received a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress.

## Early life
She was born **Mia Sarapochiello**  in Brooklyn Heights, New York, of Italian-American descent. She is the daughter of Diana, a stylist and photographer, and Jerome Sarapochiello, a photographer and artist.

## Filmography 
### Film 
### Television
## References
## Other websites
*
Inferno (operating system)

**Inferno** is a distributed operating system made by Bell Labs and Vita Nuova Holdings based on ideas and technology from Plan 9 from Bell Labs. The three main principles behind Inferno's design are:

***Resources as files:** all resources are represented as files within a hierarchical file system
***Namespaces:** the application view of the network is a single, coherent namespace that appears as a hierarchical file system but may represent physically separated (locally or remotely) resources
***Standard communication protocol:** a standard protocol 9P is used to access all resources, both local and remote

As a distributed operating system (i.e. an operating system working across and connecting multiple machines and devices together), Inferno is also designed to be able to operated on a variety of computer architectures. It can also be operated on top of other operating systems, such as Unix, Microsoft Windows, or Google's Android operating system. In order to make Inferno applications as portable to other computer architectures as the Inferno operating system, Inferno applications are written in a programing language called Limbo and run inside Inferno's Dis virtual machine.

## References
## Other websites
*Inferno  at vitanuova.com
Gympie

**Gympie** is a town in Queensland, Australia. The city is built on the banks of the Mary River. It is about  north of Brisbane.  In 2011 there were 18,602 people living in Gympie. Gympie is named after the Aboriginal words *Gympie Gympie* or *Gimpi Gimpi*, meaning the stinging tree. The town was first called Nashville, after James Nash who found gold there in 1867. In 1868 it became Gympie.

## References
Sasha Vujačić

**Aleksander "Sasha" Vujačić** (born March 8, 1984) is a Slovenian former professional basketball player. He played parts of ten seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the Los Angeles Lakers, New Jersey Nets, Los Angeles Clippers, and New York Knicks.

On June 17, 2010, Vujačić and the Lakers defeated the Boston Celtics 4 games to 3 to become NBA Champions. Vujačić helped the Lakers seal the championship by making 2 free throws with 11 seconds left in Game 7.

Vujačić retired from playing professional basketball in 2019. Since retiring, he has become a winemaker.

## References
Marilyn vos Savant

**Marilyn vos Savant** (born August 11, 1946 in St. Louis) is an American magazine columnist, playwright and author. She became very famous in the *Guinness Book of World Records* category for having the highest IQ of 228. 

Since 1986, she has hosted *Parade* magazine's "Ask Marilyn" column. In the column she answers the questions from readers on a variety of subjects.

Guinness retired the "Highest IQ" category in 1990 after concluding IQ tests were too unreliable to designate a single record holder.

## References
Maryborough, Queensland

**Maryborough** is a city in south east Queensland, Australia. It is built on the banks of the Mary River. It is on the Bruce Highway about  north of Brisbane. In 2006 there were 25,705 people living in the city and the nearby area.

Maryborough was first settled in 1847 which makes it one the oldest towns in Queensland. The city was named after the Mary River. The river was named after Lady Mary FitzRoy, wife of the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Charles Augustus FitzRoy.

## References
Murgon

**Murgon** is a town in Queensland, Australia. It is about  northwest of Brisbane. It is a farming area with beef cattle, dairy farms and vineyards. The town is named after an Aboriginal word for "water lily". In 2011 there were 2,496 people living in Murgon.

## References
Leslie Bibb

**Leslie Louise Bibb** (born November 17, 1973) is an American actress and model. She works primarily in movies, although sometimes in television programs. Her movies include *Skulls* and *Iron Man*. 

Bibb was born in Bismarck, North Dakota on November 17, 1973 and raised in Lovingston, Virginia. 

She has been in a relationship with actor Sam Rockwell since 2007. They both appeared in *Iron Man 2*, *Don Verdean*, and *The White Lotus*.

## References
Jacqueline

**Jacqueline** [ **jak**-*uh*-lin, -leen, **jak**-w*uh*-; *French* zhak*uh*-**leen** ] is a female given name. It has many variants. One variant is *Jackie*. Jacqueline is a name that has its roots in a story from the Bible about two brothers, Jacob and Esau. In the tale, Jacob takes Esau's birthright and blessing, which means he takes over his brother's position and becomes a "supplanter" or "someone who replaces another." The name Jacqueline is commonly associated with qualities which include strength, determination, and perseverance. This is the feminine version for male name *Jacques*. *Jacques* is a French version of *Jacob*. Jacqueline was first used in the United Kingdom during the 17th century. The name is very popular in France, the United States, Australia, Canada and western Europe. Many famous people have Jacqueline and its related variants for their name.

## People 
* Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (1961—1963)
* Jacqueline Fernandez, Sri Lankan actress

## References