open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Taras Kutovy

**Taras Viktorovych Kutovy** (; 25 February 1976 – 21 October 2019) was a Ukrainian economist and politician. He was born in Kyiv. He was a member of the Verkhovna Rada from 2012 through 2014. He was Minister of Agrarian Policy and Food from 2016 through 2018.

Kutovy was killed in a helicopter crash on 21 October 2019 in Poltava Oblast at the age of 43.

## References
Huang Yong Ping

**Huáng Yǒng Pīng** (; 18 February 1954 – 20 October 2019) was a Chinese-French contemporary artist and one of the most famous Chinese Avant-garde artists. He was born in Xiamen, China. He was seen as the most controversial artist of the Chinese art scene in the 1980s.

In 1999, Huang represented France in the Venice Biennale. In 2016, his piece "Empires" was selected for the Monumenta biennial exposition at the Grand Palais in Paris. 

Huang died in Paris, aged 65, on 20 October 2019. The cause of death was a cerebral hemorrhage.

## References
Juan González (journalist)

**Juan González** (born October 15, 1947) is an American progressive broadcast journalist and investigative reporter. He was also a columnist for the New York *Daily News* from 1987 to 2016. He co-hosts the radio and television program *Democracy Now!* with Amy Goodman.

## References
Amy Goodman

**Amy Goodman** (born April 13, 1957) is an American broadcast journalist, columnist, investigative reporter, and author. Since 1996, she has been the main host of *Democracy Now!*.

## References
Emma Hwang

**Emma Y. Hwang** is a scientist from Taiwan and the United States.  She was an aquanaut on the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations 5 (NEEMO 5) crew in June 2003.

## Early life 
Hwang was born in Taiwan on 21 July 1970.  She moved with her family to the United States at the age of two.  Most of her early education was in Texas. Hwang moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan to attend graduate school at the University of Michigan where she earned two master's degrees. One was in biomedical engineering and the other in electrical engineering. This was held in Aquarius, the world's only undersea research laboratory.  NEEMO 5 was the longest NEEMO mission to that date. The crew lived underwater for fourteen days.

## References 
## Other websites 
* NASA bio
Bay Shore, New York

**Bay Shore** is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Islip, Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 29,244 at the time of the 2020 census.

## References
Wordsworth House

**Wordsworth House** is a Georgian townhouse in Cockermouth, Cumbria, England. It is owned by the National Trust.

It was built in the mid-18th century. William Wordsworth was born in the house in 1770. The house is a Grade I listed building. It is open to the public as a museum from March to October of each year.

In November 2009, Cumbria was hit by flooding. Wordsworth House was affected, but volunteers were able to save many of the artifacts.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*Wordsworth House information at the National Trust
*Wordsworth House information from VisitCumbria
East Lancashire Coachbuilders

, one of the last East Lancs badged products, this one run by Metroline]]
 run by Transdev Yellow Buses]]
 owned by Wilts & Dorset]]
 in London, run by Transdev London]]**East Lancashire Coachbuilders Limited** was a maker of bus bodies, They was founded in 1934 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England.

## History 
East Lancashire Coachbuilders was founded in 1934 by Walter Smith at Brookhouse Mill in Blackburn.

From the 1960s to the 1980s, the company changed owners many times after Smith's death,

In 1988, it was sold to the Drawlane Transport Group (later called British Bus).

In 1994, East Lancashire Coachbuilders had moved to a new building on the Whitebirk Industrial Estate, they started making lots of single and double deck buses.

In August 1996, British Bus was brought by the Cowie Group, all orders by British Bus for buses with East Lancashire Coachbuilders bodywork was cancelled by Cowie. The company nearly went into administration but Blackburn Member of Parliament Jack Straw and chassis maker Dennis Specialist Vehicles helped East Lancashire Coachbuilders by sending Dennis Specialist Vehicles buses to be bodied. After the purchase, the Darwen Group changed the company name from East Lancashire Coachbuilders to Darwen East Lancs.

In 2008, Jamesstan Investments, an investment company owned by the Darwen Group, brought another bus maker called Optare. 

In 2011, all East Lancs bodies was stopped being made.

On 31 March 2012, the factory in Blackburn was closed.

## Products 
### Past 
East Lancs had many different types of bodywork. They misspelled names on pupose, replacing the letter i with a letter y.

#### East Lancs (1934–2007) 
*Greenway
*EL2000
*Cityzen
*Pyoneer
;Single-decker
*Myllennium for DAF SB220, MAN 14.220, Scania N94UB and Alexander Dennis Dart
*Hyline, a high-floor variant of the standard Myllennium single-decker body but used to re-body older chassis

;Double-decker
*Lolyne for Dennis Trident
*Vyking for Volvo B7TL
*Lowlander for DAF/VDL DB250
*Nordic for 3-axle Volvo B7L/B9TL
*Myllennium Lolyne for Dennis Trident
*Myllennium Vyking for Volvo B7TL
*Myllennium Lowlander for DAF/VDL DB250LF
*Nordic for 3-axle Volvo B7L/Volvo B9TL

;Single-decker
*Spryte for Dennis Dart and Volvo B6BLE chassis
*Flyte for longer step-entrance and high-floor buses.

#### Darwen Darwen East Lancs (2007–2008) 
;Single-decker
*OmniTown for Scania N94UB chassis

;Double-decker
*OmniDekka for Scania N94UD/N230UD/N270UD chassis

#### Optare (2008–2012) 
;Single-decker
*Esteem for Alexander Dennis Enviro200 Dart, MAN 12.240, Scania N230UB, Scania N94UB and Alexander Dennis Enviro300 chassis
*Kinetec

;Double-decker
*Olympus for Alexander Dennis Enviro400, VDL DB250, Volvo B9TL and Scania N230UD chassis
*Visionaire open-top body for Volvo B9TL chassis

#### Kinetec series 
The Kinetec was made in 2006. They are low-floor bodies for MAN chassis. They have the Esteem/Olympus body but with MAN's own Lion's City design front and rear.
*Kinetec+

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* Official website
Anita Bryant

**Anita Jane Bryant** (March 25, 1940 &ndash; December 16, 2024) was an American singer and anti-gay rights activist. She scored four Top 40 hits in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s, including "Paper Roses". She was also a former Miss Oklahoma beauty pageant winner.

In the 1970s, Bryant became known as an outspoken critic of gay rights in the U.S. In 1977, she ran the "Save Our Children" campaign to repeal a local ordinance in Dade County, Florida which prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Her involvement with the campaign was condemned by gay rights activists.

Bryant died on December 16, 2024 at her home in Edmond, Oklahoma from cancer at the age of 84.

## References
Yitzchok Scheiner

Rabbi** Yitzchok Scheiner **(November 5, 1922 &ndash; January 31, 2021) was an American-born Israeli rabbi. He was the *rosh yeshiva* of the Kamenitz yeshiva of Jerusalem. In the 1990s, he became a member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of Degel HaTorah.

Scheiner died on January 31, 2021 from COVID-19 in Jerusalem, aged 98.

## References
Chaim Kanievsky

**Shmaryahu Yosef Chaim Kanievsky** (January 8, 1928 &ndash; March 18, 2022) was a Polish-born Israeli rabbi and *posek*. He was born in Pinsk, Second Polish Republic, but his career was set in Bnei Brak, Israel. Kanievsky was thought to be a leading authority in Haredi Jewish society.

Kanievsky had a heart attack at his home in Bnei Brak on March 18, 2022. He died a few hours later at the age of 94.

## References
Baruch Mordechai Ezrachi

**Baruch Mordechai Ezrachi** (27 March 1929 – 26 October 2023) is an Israeli rabbi. He is the Rosh Yeshiva of Ateres Yisrael in Bayit Vegan in Jerusalem, and a member of the Degel Hatorah Moetzas Gedolei Yisrael.
Baruch Mordechai Ezrachi died on 26 October 2023, at the age of 94.
## References
Eric Cooper

**Eric Richard Cooper** (December 18, 1966 – October 20, 2019) was an American professional baseball umpire. He was born in Des Moines, Iowa. His Major League Baseball (MLB) career spanned 1999 until his death in October 2019. He wore umpire uniform number 56. Cooper officiated in ten Division Series, four League Championship Series, three Wild Card Games, one All-Star Game, and one World Series.

## References
Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland

**Prince Daniel of Sweden, Duke of Västergötland** (born **Olof Daniel Westling** on 15 September 1973), is the husband of Crown Princess Victoria. 

Prince Daniel was born in Orebro University Hospital in Orebro, He was a personal trainer and gym owner and ran a company called Balance Training with three gyms in central Stockholm.

Prince Daniel was married with Princess Victoria of Sweden on 19 June 2010, They have two children with their marriage, Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland and Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne also born at Karolinska University Hospital in Solna.

## Title 
19 June 2010 His Royal Highness  Prince Daniel of Sweden, The Duke of Vastergotland

## Honors 
### National Honors 
* Sweden: Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim 
* Sweden: Knight Commander of the Royal Order of the Polar Star 
* Sweden: Recipient of the Ruby Jubilee Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf 
* Sweden: Recipient of the 70th Birthday Badge Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf

### Foreign Honours 
* Chile: Grand Cross of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins

* Estonia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana

* Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland

* France: Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (30 January 2024)

* Germany: Grand Cross 1st Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (7 September 2021)

* Iceland: Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon

* Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

* Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (11 October 2022)

* Norway: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav 

* South Korea: Grand Gwanghwa Medal of the Order of Diplomatic Service Merit

* Spain: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (16 November 2021)

* Tunisia: Grand Officer of the Order of Merit

## References
Bengt Feldreich

**Bengt Walter Feldreich** (12 September 1925 &ndash; 21 October 2019) was a Swedish radio and television journalist, producer and television presenter. He worked for public service between 1950 until 1985. He produced and hosted the show "Snillen spekulerar" on SVT, the annual Christmas Eve broadcasts from the same channel. He was born in Stockholm.

Feldreich died on 21 October 2019 in Stockholm at the age of 94, from pneumonia.

## References
Mike Reilly (1960s linebacker)

**Mike Reilly** (March 27, 1942 – October 18, 2019) was a professional American football player. He played linebacker for six seasons for the Chicago Bears and Minnesota Vikings. He was born in Dubuque, Iowa.

Reilly died on October 18, 2019 in Dubuque at the age of 77.

## References
Dan Brouillette

**Dan R. Brouillette** (born August 18, 1962) is an American businessman. He was the 15th United States Secretary of Energy from December 3, 2019 to January 20, 2021. He was the United States Deputy Secretary of Energy from August 2017 through December 2019. After being nominated for the position by President Donald Trump, Brouillette was confirmed by a 79–17 vote of the United States Senate on August 3, 2017.

On October 18, 2019, he was announced as President Trump's choice to replace Rick Perry as Secretary of Energy. On December 2, the United States Senate confirmed his nomination by a 70–15 vote.

## References
John Briggs

**John V. Briggs** (March 8, 1930 &ndash; April 15, 2020) was an American politician who was the California State Assembly and the California State Senate. He was perhaps best known for sponsoring Proposition 6 in 1978, also known as the Briggs Initiative, a failed measure which attempted to remove all gay or lesbian school employees or their supporters from their jobs.

Briggs died on April 15, 2020 in Placerville, California at the age of 90.

## References
2019–2022 Chilean protests

Many civil protests against poverty are taking place in several cities in Chile. The protests began in the capital Santiago as a campaign by secondary school students to avoid paying the Metro de Santiago subway in response to recent price hikes, leading to multiple takeovers of the city's main train stations. 

This had led to open confrontations with the national police (Carabineros). 

On 18 October, the situation escalated as organized bands of protesters rose in rebellion across the city, taking control of many terminals of the Santiago Metro network (part of *Red*) and disabling them with extensive infrastructure damage. The Metro network was disabled in its entirety.

On 18 October, President of Chile Sebastián Piñera announced a state of emergency, sending Chilean Army forces across the main regions to enforce order and crack down on the destruction of public property because of privatization.

A curfew was declared on 19 October in the Greater Santiago area, for the first time since 1987, at the end of the Pinochet dictatorship.

## References
Content management

**Content management** (**CM**) is a set of processes and technologies that supports the collection, managing, and publishing of information in any form or medium. 

When stored and accessed via computers, this information may be more referred to as content.
Alfa Romeo RL

**Alfa Romeo RL** (1922–27) was an Italian car made by Alfa Romeo in Milano. 

It was designed by Giuseppe Merosi. They made around 2,600 of these cars in total.

## Family car 
The RL Normale (RLN) was a family car, also called 21/70.  The engine had 6 cylinders and measured 3 liters volume.  In 1926 it changed name to RL Touring (RLT) and 22/70.

## Sports car 
The RL Sport (RLS) was a light car that was a foot shorter, so it saved weight. It also had a bigger engine. They made around 500 of these.  It changed name to RL Super Sport (RLSS) and 22/90, and was even faster.

## Racing car 
This was even shorter than the RL Short and won the Targa Florio race on Sicilia in 1923.  They called it RL Targa Florio (RLTF) and less than 10 were made.

## References
Salvador Giner

** Salvador Giner i de San Julián** (10 February 1934 – 19 October 2019) was a Spanish sociologist. He was the president of the Institute of Catalan Studies between 2005 and 2013. He studied at the University of Chicago. He was an editor and consultant of the Great Catalan Encyclopedia and of several national and international journals and reviews. He was born in Barcelona.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2013.

Giner died on 19 October 2019, in Barcelona at the age of 85.

## Related pages
*List of sociologists from Europe

## References
## Other websites
* Salvador Giner's biography in the website of the  IEC
* Interview to Salvador Giner about contemporary religions
Nissim Karelitz

Rabbi **Shmaryahu Yosef Nissim Karelitz** (; 19 July 1926 – October 21 2019) Was a Lithuanian-born Israeli rabbi. He was the chairman of the *beis din tzedek* (rabbinical court) of Bnei Brak. He was born in Vilnius, Lithuania.

He was one of the most highly respected Orthodox rabbis in the world and one of the most important leaders of the Haredi world. He was also a member of the *Vaad Halacha* (Jewish legal council) of the Maayanei Hayeshua Hospital of Bnei Brak and the av beis din of the Bnei Brak neighborhood of Ramat Aharon.

In April 2019, Karelitz was hospitalized for low blood pressure and an infection. 

On 6 October 2019, Karelitz was hospitalized for heart and respiratory failure.

## References
Bab Mansour

'''Bab Mansur al-'Alj** or **Bab Mansour** (also variously spelled as **Bab Mansour al-'Ilj**, **Bab Mansour al-Eulj**, **Bab el-Mansour**, **Bab Mansur''', etc)  (also known as Bab Mansour Laleuj) is the main gate of the Old Town of Meknes in Morocco.  It is one of the largest and most impressive gates in the country. Together with the "outer square (El Hedim Square)", it is considered the country's business card. The gate is located in front of El Hedim Square which is considered to be the most popular square in Morocco.

## History 
The gate structure was completed in 1732 by Mulay Abdullah who was the son of Sultan Mulay Ismail. The gate marks the main entrance of the imperial palace built for Isla Mulay and the ancient city of Meknes. 

The door was designed by a Christian who converted to Islam whose name was "Mansur". Hence the gate's name: "Mansur Gate". The gate structure has been part of the Meknes protected heritage since 1914 and since 1996 has been used as a World Heritage Site along with the Old Town of Meknes.

## Geography 
The gate structure separates the outer square called Al-Hadim Square. It is adjacent to the Old City wall of Meknes, from the inner square called Lela Awda Square. It served as the "Royal Order Ground". Next to the gate within the walls are the Royal Order Stables, the Royal Prison, and the Meknes City Museum. It is decorated with green ceramics designed with  Islamic motifs. The white pillars are columns that used to stand in the Roman city: "Volibilis", which is about 30 km north of the city.

## References
Márta Kurtág

**Márta Kurtág** (), *née* **Márta Kinsker**, often **Marta Kurtag**; 1 October 1927 − 17 October 2019) was a Hungarian classical pianist and academic piano teacher. In 1947, she married composer György Kurtág. They often played from his collection *Játékok*, which they also recorded.

Kurtág died on 17 October 2019, just a week after her 92nd birthday.

## References
Tjerk Westerterp

**Theodorus Engelbertus "Tjerk" Westerterp** (born 2 December 1930) is a Dutch politician. He was a diplomat of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. He is also a businessman.

Westerterp became a Member of the House of Representatives after Gerard Veldkamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Health.

After the election of 1971 Westerterp was appointed as State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, taking office on 17 August 1971.

## References
Hans Grosheide

**Johan Hendrik "Hans" Grosheide** (6 August 1930 – 18 December 2022) was a Dutch politician.

Grosheide worked as a teacher and education administrator for Protestant Reformed special schools from November 1954, until September 1963.

After the election of 1963 Grosheide was appointed as State Secretary for Education, Arts and Sciences, taking office on 3 September 1963, until the cabinet formation of 1965.

He was State Secretary for Education and Sciences, taking office on 14 April 1965.

## Other websites
*  Mr. J.H. (Hans) Grosheide Parlement & Politiek
Til Gardeniers-Berendsen

**Mathilde Hubertine Maria Francisca "Til" Gardeniers-Berendsen** (18 February 1925 – 22 October 2019) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. She was also a nonprofit director.

Gardeniers-Berendsen was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1971, taking office on 11 May 1971. In 1977, Gardeniers-Berendsen was appointed as Minister of Culture, Recreation and Social Work on 19 December 1977.

After the election of 1981 Gardeniers-Berendsen returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 10 June 1981. In 1981, Gardeniers-Berendsen was appointed Minister of Health and Environment, taking office on 11 September 1981.

Gardeniers-Berendsen died in Rotterdam, Netherlands on 22 October 2019 at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*  M.H.M.F. (Til) Gardeniers-Berendsen Parlement & Politiek
Michel van Hulten

**Michael Henricus Maria "Michel" van Hulten** (9 March 1930 &ndash; 1 December 2025) was a Dutch politician. 

On behalf of the Political Party of Radicals (PPR), he was a member of the Dutch parliament and deputy minister of Transport in Joop den Uyl's cabinet.

Michel van Hulten was born in Batavia and was the father of former MEP Michiel van Hulten.

Van Hulten died of prostate cancer in Eindhoven, North Brabant on 1 December 2025, at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
* Bio at Parlement.com
Els Veder-Smit

**Elizabeth "Els" Veder-Smit** (29 August 1921 &ndash; 26 August 2020) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and nonprofit director. She was the oldest living former cabinet member at the time of her death.

Veder-Smith was Secretary State for Health and Environment from 1978 through 1981.

Veder-Smith died at her home in Rotterdam on 26 August 2020 at the age of 98.

## References
György Kurtág

**György Kurtág** (; born 19 February 1926) is a Hungarian classical composer and pianist. He was born in Lugoj, Romania, to Hungarian Jewish parents. He moved to Budapest in 1946 and became a Hungarian citizen in 1948. He was an academic teacher of piano at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music from 1967, later also of chamber music, and taught until 1993.

In 1947, he married pianist Márta Kurtág. She died in October 2019.

## References
Pieter Beelaerts van Blokland

**Jonkheer Pieter Adriaan Cornelis Beelaerts van Blokland** (8 December 1932 &ndash; 22 September 2021) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

He was Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment from 1977 to 1981. In 1981, he was an MP. Beelaerts van Blokland was mayor of Wolphaartsdijk, Vianen, Amstelveen, Apeldoorn, and Hengelo. He was also Queen's Commissioner of the Province of Utrecht from 1985 to 1998.

## References
## Other websites
*  Jhr.Drs. P.A.C. (Pieter) Beelaerts van Blokland, Parlement.com
Targa Florio

**Targa Florio** (1906–77) was a road race for automobiles. It was on the island of Sicily in the south of Italy.

The distance in 1906 was 446 kilometers on narrow and dusty mountain roads.  They started and ended near the city of Palermo.

It closed in 1977 after an accident where two people lost their lives.
Wim van Eekelen

**Willem Frederik "Wim" van Eekelen** (5 February 1931 &ndash; 25 June 2025) was a Dutch politician and diplomat. He was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He also was a political scientist.

Van Eekelen died on 25 June 2025 in The Hague, Netherlands at the age of 94.

## References
Louw de Graaf

**Louw de Graaf** (12 April 1930 &ndash; 15 July 2020) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and trade union leader.

De Graaf worked as a trade Union leader for the National Christian Trade Unions Federation from 1955 until 1977 and served as General-Secretary from 1970 until 1977. 

After the election of 1977 De Graaf was appointed as State Secretary for Social Affairs, taking office on 28 December 1977. 

De Graaf was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1981, taking office on 10 June 1981.

De Graaf died on 15 July 2020, aged 90.

## References
Vyda Ragulskienė

**Vyda Kęsgailaitė-Ragulskienė** was a Lithuanian scientist, inventor, and professor. She was the first woman to attain habilitation in engineering in Lithuania.

## Life 
Ragulskienė was born in 1931 in the village of Dapšiai, Lithuania. In 1955, she graduated from Kaunas Polytechnical Institute. She then became a research associate at the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences until 1967. From 1967 to 1993 she worked at Kaunas Polytechnical Institute.

She was married to engineer Kazimieras Ragulskis. She helped collect data for the encyclopedia *The Officers of the Lithuanian Armed Forces 1918–1953*. She also wrote about the history of her native village of Dapšiai.

## References 
# Voverienė O. Prominent Scientists of Lithuania of the XX Century. Vilnius: Mokslo aidai, 2009, 640 p.
# Самосинхронизация механических систем / К. Рагульскис, И. Виткус, В. Рагульскене. – Вильнюс: Минтис, 1965. – Т. 1: Самосинхронные и виброударные системы. – 186 с.
# Ртутные коммутирующие элементы для устройств автоматики / В. - С. С. Зарецкас, В. Л. Рагульскене. – Москва: Энергия, 1971. – (Библиотека по автоматике. Вып. 447) – 104 с.
# Виброударные системы / В. Л. Рагульскене. – Вильнюс: Минтис, 1974. – 320 с.
# Двумерные вибрационные приводы / Р. Э. Курило, В. Л. Рагульскене. – Вильнюс: Мокслас, 1986. – 137 с.
# Контактные системы / В. В. Осташявичюс, Б. В. Рудгальвис, В. Л. Рагульскене, Б. П. Бакшис. – Ленинград: Машиностроение, Ленинградское отделение, 1987. – 279 с.
# Vibroengineering / One of the authors V. Ragulskienė. – Monograph. Science and Arts of Lithuania. Book 19. Vilnius: Academia Scientiarum Lithuaniae, 1998. – 572 p.
# Professor Vyda Kęsgailaitė – Ragulskienė (1931–2009) / Monograph. Science and Arts of Lithuania. Book 74. Vilnius: Mokslotyros Institutas, 2009. – 568 p.
# Ch. L. T. Pichel. Žemaitija. Kaunas: Ajeta, 1991. Translated from the English language by V. Ragulskienė.
# Translation from the English language by V. Ragulskienė: Ch. L. T. Pichel. Žemaitija, nežinoma istorija. Klaipėda: Samogitia Media, 2007.
# Multi-volume encyclopedia publication „Lietuvos kariuomenės karininkai 1918–1953”. Vilnius, 2001–2009.
# Šiaudytis V. Lietuvos šviesuoliai. Kaunas: Aušra, 2010, 368 p.
# Šiaudytis V. Gyvenimas – tai paukščio skrydis prie saulutės arčiau į mėlyną mėlyną dangų... Kaunas: Aušra, 2011, 200 p.

**Specific**
Ed van Thijn

**Eduard "Ed" van Thijn** (; 16 August 1934 &ndash; 19 December 2021) was a Dutch politician of Jewish descent. He was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). He also was a historian. After the election of 1981 Van Thijn was appointed as Minister of the Interior, taking office on 11 September 1981. In May 1983 Van Thijn was nominated as the next Mayor of Amsterdam.

In January 1994, Van Thijn became Minister of the Interior again from 18 January 1994 until 27 May 1994, when he resigned following the *IRT-affair*. He later was a Senator from 8 June 1999 until 12 June 2007.

Van Thijn died on 19 December 2021 in Amsterdam from problems caused by Parkinson's disease, aged 87.

## References
Erwin Nypels

**Erwin Nypels** (1 August 1933 &ndash; 8 December 2024) was a Dutch politician. He was born in Bloemendaal, North Holland. He was the Minister of Housing and Spatial Planning in 1982.

Nypels was a member of Democrats 66.

Nypels died in Rijswijk, Netherlands on 8 December 2024, at the age of 91.

## References
Shor's algorithm

'''Shor's algorithm''' is a quantum algorithmic computing process for cryptography. Basically, it solves the following problem: Given an integer  N , find its prime factors.

Its effectiveness can be used to find messages hidden through RSA encryption, however it requires a quantum computer with more quantum bits than there are available.

## References
Arie Pais

**Aäron "Arie" Pais** (born 16 April 1930 in The Hague) is a retired Dutch politician of Jewish descent. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He was a Member of the Senate in 1977 and again from 1981 through 1982. He also was Minister of Education and Sciences from 1977 through 1981.

Pais also was a member of the municipal council of Amsterdam and of the provincial states of North Holland.

Before his political career he was an economics professor at the University of Amsterdam, and afterwards a banker at the European Investment Bank.

Pais is a vegetarian and an animal protection activist.

## Other websites
*  Dr. A. (Arie) Pais Parlement.com
Yates Center, Kansas

**Yates Center** is a city in Woodson County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Woodson County. In 2020, 1,352 people lived there. Yates Center is the only town in Kansas to be chosen as a county seat before there was a house or person in its boundaries.

## Geography
Yates Center is at  (37.879948, -95.734522). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 1,352 people, 590 households, and 327 families living in Yates Center. Of the households, 73.4% owned their home and 26.6% rented their home.

The median age was 44.5 years. Of the people, 92.8% were White, 0.6% were Native American, 0.5% were Black, 0.5% were from some other race, and 5.6% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,417 people, 664 households, and 347 families living in Yates Center.

## Education
Yates Center is served by USD 366 Woodson School District.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Yates Center
* Yates Center - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 366, local school district
;Maps
* Yates Center City Map , KDOT
De vogels van Holland

"**De vogels van Holland**" (, in English: "The birds of Holland") is a song by Dutch singer Jetty Paerl. Annie M. G. Schmidt and Cor Lemaire wrote it. It represented Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1956.

## Eurovision Song Contest 1956 
### Selection 
"De vogels van Holland" participated in the *Nationaal Songfestival 1956*, a national final organized by Dutch broadcaster Nederlandse Televisie Stichting (NTS) in 1956. It was held in the AVRO TV studios in Hilversum on 24 April 1956.

It was performed first, before Switzerland's Lys Assia with "Das alte Karussell".

## Related pages 
* Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest

## Notes 
## References
Piet Bukman

**Pieter "Piet" Bukman** (7 February 1934 &ndash; 16 March 2022) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. He also was an economist.

Bukman was president of the European People's Party from July 1985 until July 1987. After the election of 1986 Bukman was appointed as minister for Development Cooperation, which ended in 1989. Afterwards he was minister of Agriculture from 1990 until 1994 and speaker of the House of Representatives from 1996 until 1998.

Bukman died in Voorschoten at the age of 88.

## References
Frits Korthals Altes

**Frederik "Frits" Korthals Altes** (15 May 1931 &ndash; 19 February 2025) was Dutch politician. He was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He became Minister of State on 26 October 2001.

Altes was Chairman of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy from 15 March 1975 until 22 May 1981. He was elected as a Member of the Senate, taking office on 10 June 1981. After the election of 1982, Altes was appointed as Minister of Justice, taking office on 4 November 1982.

Altes died on 19 February 2025, at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*  Mr. F. (Frits) Korthals Altes Parlement & Politiek
*  Mr. F. Korthals Altes (VVD) Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal
Lakagigar

**Lakagígar** is a row of spectacular craters along twenty-five kilometres in the southern Icelandic Highlands. They formed in the eruptions at **Lakí** in 1784.

The system erupted violently over an eight months between June 1783 and February 1784. Lava came from the Laki fissure and the adjoining volcano Grímsvötn. It poured out an estimated 42 billion tons or  of basalt lava and clouds of poisonous hydrofluoric acid and sulfur dioxide compounds. That contaminated the soil, leading to the death of over 50% of Iceland's livestock population, and the destruction of almost all crops. This led to a famine which killed about 25% of the island's human population. The lava flows also destroyed 20 villages.

## References
Cawker City, Kansas

**Cawker City** is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, 457 people lived there. The city is along the north shore of Waconda Lake and Glen Elder State Park.

The largest ball of twine in the world is in Cawker City.

## History
Cawker City was created in 1870. It was named after Colonel E. H. Cawker because he won a game of poker. Cawker City was incorporated as a city in 1874.  The first post office in Cawker City was created in June 1870.

## Geography
Cawker City is at  (39.509511, -98.433107). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land. The city is along the north shore of Waconda Lake.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 457 people, 215 households, and 110 families living in Cawker City. Of the households, 70.7% owned their home and 29.3% rented their home.

The median age was 47.6 years. Of the people, 96.3% were White, 0.2% were Black, and 3.5% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 469 people, 244 households, and 132 families living in Cawker City.

## Economy 
In 2017, a Dollar General store was built. This gave residents a nearby shopping place for food.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Cawker City
* Cawker City - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 272, local school district
;Attractions
* Cawker City's Biggest Attraction: World's Largest Ball of Twine
;Pictures
* Historic Images of Cawker City , Wichita State University Library
;Maps
* Cawker City Map , KDOT
2112 (disambiguation)

**2112** might mean:

****2112***, a studio album by Canadian rock band Rush.
**"**2112**", a song on this album.
***2112**, a future year in the 22nd century.
Robert Blake (admiral)

**Robert Blake** (1598 – 17 August 1657) was one of the most important military commanders of the Commonwealth of England and one of the most famous English admirals of the 17th century. Blake is recognised as the chief founder of England's naval supremacy. Its dominance was inherited by the British Royal Navy.

## References
Nasir ud din Mahmud

**Nasir ud din Mahmud** was the eighth Sultan of the Mamluk Sultanate of Delhi (also known as the Slave dynasty). In 1246, he became the Sultan and ruled for nearly 20 years. 

Ghiyasuddin Balban was his Prime minister as well as the actual ruler. After the death of Nasiruddin Mahmood in 1266 AD, Balban became the Sultan as Nasir-ud-din.
Tayberry

in Perth]]

A **tayberry** is a cross between a blackberry and a red raspberry. The genetic cross was patented in 1979.

It is a cultivated shrub in the genus *Rubus* of the family Rosaceae. It was named after the River Tay in Scotland. The fruit is sweeter, much larger, and more aromatic than that of the loganberry. The loganberry is itself a blackberry and red raspberry cross.

The fruit do not pick easily by hand and cannot be machine harvested. They have not become a commercially grown berry crop. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## References
Chhotu Ram

**Chhotu Ram**, or Sir Chotu Ram, born **Ram Richpal** (24 November 1881 – 9 January 1945) was a politician in British India's Punjab Province. He was a co-founder of National Unionist party that represented the punjab zamindar and farmers. 

He was born in Sampla village in Rohtak.

He was also awarded the title of Rao bahadur, which was a title of honour bestowed during British rule in India to individuals for their service to the Empire.

He graduated from St. Stephen's College, New Delhi in the year 1905 in Sanskrit.
Mamluk Sultanate

The **Mamluk Sultanate** (), also known as **Mamluk** **Egypt** or the **Mamluk Empire**, was a state that controlled Egypt, The Levant, and Hejaz from 1250 to 1517. The first sultans (kings) of the Mamluk Sultanate were *mamluks* (slave-soldiers) in the armies of the Ayyubid dynasty. The Mamluk Sultanate was the strongest military power in the central Muslim world. They fended off the Mongols and exterminated the Crusaders in the Holy Land (The Levant). The Mamluk sultans also controlled south-eastern Asia Minor and western Arabia. Most of the sultanate's *mamluks* were Turkic people or Circassians. The Arabic language was the state's and the government's most important language. Most of the sultans carried Arabic names and were heavily Arabized.

## References
Aila Meriluoto

**Aila Meriluoto** (10 January 1924 – 21 October 2019) was a Finnish poet, writer and translator. She was born in Pieksämäki, Finland. She  became  the most celebrated and widely read female poet of post-war Finland. The themes of her poems were art and femininity. In collection *Pahat unet* (1956) some of the poems have a free form. The next collection, *Portaat*, came five years later.

In addition to poems, Meriluoto wrote novels, and books for young people.  She has translated works by Harry Martinson, Rainer Maria Rilke, Shakespeare and Goethe.

Meriluoto died in a care home in Helsinki on 21 October 2019, aged 95.

## References
Harry Martinson

**Harry Martinson** (6May 190411February 1978) was a Swedish author, poet and former sailor. In 1949 he was elected into the Swedish Academy. He was awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974 "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos". 

Martinson killed himself at a Stockholm hospital by cutting his stomach open with a pair of scissors on 11 February 1978.

## References
Eyvind Johnson

**Eyvind Johnson** (29 July 1900 – 25 August 1976) was a Swedish novelist and short story writer. He became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1957 and shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson in 1974 with the citation: *for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom*.

## References
Santos Juliá

**Santos Juliá Díaz** (1940–23 October 2019) was a Spanish historian and sociologist. He was born in Ferrol, Spain. He studied at the Complutense University of Madrid. He was professor *emeritus* of Social History and Political Thought at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). 

Díaz died on 23 October 2019 in Madrid at the age of 79.

## Works
* 
* 
* 

## Notes
## References
Ferrol

**Ferrol** (In the neighbourhood of Strabo's *Cape Nerium*, modern day Cape Prior) (), is a city in the Province of A Coruña in Galicia, on the Atlantic coast in north-western Spain. According to the 2014 census, the city has a population of 70,389.

## References
Michael Flaksman

**Michael Flaksman** (May 3, 1946 &ndash; October 18, 2019) was an American cellist. He was born in Akron, Ohio. He performed widely in recitals, chamber music concerts and with orchestras throughout Europe and in the Far East, as well as conducted master classes in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Poland and Croatia.

He was Honorary President at Italian Cello Consort, a cellist group created by his student and assistant Giovanni Ricciardi.

He died on October 18, 2019 at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
*Official biography    This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) license.
Jo Ann Zimmerman

**Jo Ann McIntosh Zimmerman** (December 24, 1936 – October 23, 2019) was an American politician. She was the 42nd Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1987 to 1991. Zimmerman was a member of the Democratic Party. She was the first woman to serve in the office of Lieutenant Governor in Iowa history. Zimmerman was born in Keosauqua, Iowa.

Zimmerman died of pulmonary fibrosis-related problems on October 23, 2019 in Des Moines, Iowa at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*Iowa government profile 
*
Rolando Panerai

**Rolando Panerai** (17 October 1924 &ndash; 23 October 2019) was an Italian baritone. He was born in Campi Bisenzio, near Florence, Italy.

Panerai made his stage debut in 1947 in Naples at the Teatro di San Carlo. Other debuts, both in 1951, were as Simon Boccanegra in *Simon Boccanegra* in Bergamo and as Sharpless in *Madama Butterfly* at La Scala in Milan.

He sang in many rarely performed Verdi operas on radio broadcast for RAI in 1951 (to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Verdi's death), such as ''Giovanna d'Arco*, *La battaglia di Legnano*, and *Aroldo*.

Later roles included most of the great Verdi baritone roles, particularly the title character in *Rigoletto*, the Count of Luna in *Il trovatore*, Giorgio Germont in *La traviata*, Marquis of Posa in *Don Carlos*,and Amonasro in *Aida''.

Panerai died on 23 October 2019 in Florence of a heart attack at the age of 95.

## References
Tracy, California

**Tracy** is the second most populated city in San Joaquin County, California, United States. The population was 93,000 at the 2020 census.

## References
Willie Brown (American football)

**William Ferdie Brown** (December 2, 1940 – October 21, 2019) was an American professional football player, coach, and executive. He played as a cornerback for the Denver Broncos and the Oakland Raiders in the National Football League (NFL). 

Brown was the head football coach at California State University, Long Beach in 1991, the final season before the school's football program ended. Brown was added into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1984. At the time of his death he was on the Raiders' administrative staff.

Brown was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi. He studied at Grambling State University. Brown died on October 21, 2019 at his home in Tracy, California at the age of 78.

## References
Nicola Mancino

**Nicola Mancino** (born 15 October 1931) is an Italian politician. He was the President of Italian Senate from 1996 to 2001. He was also the president of Campania's regional parliament from 1965 to 1971. He was Governor of Campania from 1971 to 1972 and Minister of the Interior from 1992 to 1994.

## References
Ishmael Levenston

**Ishmael Mathew Ameal Levenston** (23 July 1940 – 19 October 2019) was a Saban politician. He was the founder of the Saba Labour Party. He was a member of the Saba Island Council from 1975 to 1979 and again from 1983 through 1987.

Levenston died on 19 October 2019 of heart failure at a retirement center in The Bottom, aged 79.

## References
Manfred Bruns

**Manfred Bruns** (July 1934 &ndash; 22 October 2019) was a German federal attorney and LGBTQ activist. He worked at the Federal Court of Justice of Germany. Until 2016, he was a member of the Board of Directors of the Lesbian and Gay Association (LSVD). Bruns was born in Linz am Rhein, Germany. He was known for his efforts to push for political activity to fight against AIDS in Germany.

Bruns died in Karlsruhe, Germany on 22 October 2019 of liver failure at the age of 85.

## References
Alexander Volkov (tennis)

**Alexander Vladimirovich Volkov** (; 3 March 1967 – 19 October 2019) was a Russian professional tennis player. He was born in Kaliningrad, Soviet Union. Volkov won his first top-level professional singles title in 1991 at Milan. At Wimbledon that year, he lost a close match in the fourth round to the eventual tournament champion Michael Stich.

Volkov died on 19 October 2019 in Kalinigrad at the age of 52.

## References
Clay Center, Kansas

**Clay Center** is a city in Clay County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Clay County. In 2020, 4,199 people lived there. It was named "Clay Center" because it was the geographical center of Clay County.

The first post office in Clay Center was built on July 3, 1862.

Clay Center was on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads.

## Geography
Clay Center is at  (39.379920, -97.123168). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.< Clay Center is unique, because it is the geographic midpoint between Los Angeles, California and New York City, the two biggest American cities.  Both cities are exactly  from Clay Center.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 4,199 people, 1,809 households, and 1,116 families living in Clay Center. Of the households, 69.7% owned their home and 30.3% rented their home.

The median age was 43.9 years. Of the people, 92.6% were White, 0.9% were Black, 0.8% were Native American, 0.8% were Asian, 1.0% were from some other race, and 4.0% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 4,334 people, 1,920 households, and 1,172 families living in Clay Center.

## Famous people
* Herb Bradley, professional baseball player
* Tracy Claeys, Washington State football defensive coordinator and former University of Minnesota football head coach
* Warren Henry Cole, surgeon who pioneered X-ray use in medicine
* George Docking, former governor of Kansas
* Steve Doocy, host for Fox News Fox & Friends tv talk show and author
* Tenney Frank, noted scholar and historian
* Lady Greyhound (dog), marketing mascot for Greyhound Lines in the late 1950s
* Nicole Ohlde, basketball player and WNBA player
* Otto D. Unruh, two-time Bethel College football coach and 21-year coaching career at Clay Center Kansas High School
* William D. Vincent, United States Representative

## References
## Other websites
* Clay Center - Official
* Clay Center Chamber 
* Clay Center - Directory of Public Officials
* Clay Center - Info
;Schools
* USD 379, local school district
;Media
* Clay Center Dispatch
* KCLY Radio Station 100.9 FM
;Maps
* Clay Center City Map , KDOT
Clearwater, Kansas

**Clearwater** is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, 2,653 people lived there. It was named Clearwater because of the local river named Ninnescah, which translates to "clear water" in English.  The first post office in Clearwater was created in 1871. The name of the post office called **Clear Water** until 1894.  The Chisholm Trail went along the east side of the city from 1867 to 1871.

## Geography
Clearwater is southwest of Wichita, Kansas at  (37.505646, -97.501516). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census said that there were 2,653 people, 934 households, and 689 families living in Clearwater. Of the households, 70.3% owned their home and 29.7% rented their home.

The median age was 35.8 years. Of the people, 90.9% were White, 0.8% were Native American, 0.3% were Asian, 0.2% were Black, 0.6% were from some other race, and 7.2% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census said that there were 2,481 people, 908 households, and 660 families living in Clearwater.

## Education
Clearwater has the Clearwater USD 264 public school district.

## Famous people
* Raymond Goertz, roboticist
* Cara Gorges, 2007 Miss Kansas USA
* Pamela Horton, *Playboy* Playmate of the Month for October 2012.
* Logan Mize, Country Artist

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Clearwater
* Clearwater - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* USD 264, local school district
* USD 264 School District Boundary Map , KDOT
;Historical
* Clearwater Historical Society 
;Maps
* Clearwater City Map , KDOT