open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Assassination of Lord Mountbatten

Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, a relative of the British royal family, was assassinated on 27 August 1979 by Thomas McMahon, an Irish republican and volunteer for the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).

The assassination took place during The Troubles, a conflict between republicans and unionists in Northern Ireland following the Partition of Ireland. The IRA claimed responsibility three days after the bombing, saying that the attack as "a discriminate act to bring to the attention of the English people the continuing occupation of our country".

## Bombing
The IRA placed a  gelignite bomb on *Shadow V*, a fishing boat owned by Mountbatten in County Sligo, Republic of Ireland. 

The bomb exploded several hours later, after Mountbatten and his family and crew went on the ship and travelled offshore. Mountbatten was found alive by fishermen who rushed to the site of the explosion, but he died before reaching shore. Also killed were Mountbatten's 14-year-old grandson Nicholas Knatchbull, and Paul Maxwell, a teenage boy from Enniskillen serving as crew. The four others aboard—Mountbatten's daughter Patricia; her husband John Knatchbull; their son Timothy (twin brother of Nicholas); and John Knatchbull's mother Doreen—were all seriously injured. Doreen Knatchbull died in hospital the following day.

## Reaction
The killing was condemned by UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Jack Lynch. Many international figures offered their condolences to the royal family, including US President Jimmy Carter and Pope John Paul II. 

## Funeral
 in Hampshire, near to his home, Broadlands.]]
On 5 September 1979, the ceremonial funeral was held at Westminster Abbey. Queen Elizabeth II, the Royal Family, other members of European royal houses, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and all her surviving predecessors went to the funeral.

After the public ceremony, which he had planned, he was buried in Romsey Abbey.

## References
List of American flags

This is a list of flags used in and by the United States.
## National flags
Since 1818, a star gets added on the Fourth of July a year after a state gets added to the United States.

## Executive branch flags
### Office of the President
### Office of the Vice President
### Department of State
### Department of the Treasury
### Department of Defense
#### Department of the Army
#### Army
#### Department of the Navy
##### Marine Corps
#### Department of the Air Force
##### Air Force
##### Space Force
Morimondo

**Morimondo** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## References
Pioltello

**Pioltello** is a city in northern Italy. Pioltello is in the Lombardy Region. It is 7&nbsp;km northeast of Milan. About 36,000 people live there. Among the churches, is the baroque-style, Roman Catholic Chiesa della Immacolata.
Pozzo d'Adda

**Pozzo d&#39;Adda** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## References
Alexandru Bodnar

**Alexandru Bodnar** (born 28 June 1990) is a Romanian archer. Bodnar competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## References
Saint-Memmie

**Saint-Memmie** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Marne department in northeast France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Marne department

## References
Yitzhar Hofman

**Yitzhar Hofman** (; 1987 – 31 January 2024) was an Israeli military leader who was a commander in the Israeli Air Force's Shaldag Unit.

On 31 January 2024, Hoffman was assassinated by a Qassam Brigades sniper, who tracked him and then killed him by shooting him with a "Ghoul" sniper rifle (A modified variant of the Steyr HS .50).

## Related pages 
* 

## References
Sosnogorsk

**Sosnogorsk** (; , *Sösnagort*) is a town in the Komi Republic, Russia. In 2010, 27,757 people lived there.
Ellimmichthys

***Ellimmichthys*** is an extinct genus of double-armored herring from the Lower Cretaceous.

## Species 
* †*Ellimmichthys longicostatus* (Cope, 1886) (type species)
* †*Ellimmichthys goodi* (Eastman, 1912)
* †*Ellimmichthys spinosus* de Figuereido & Gallo, 2021

## References 
# de Figueiredo, Francisco J.; Gallo, Valéria (2021). "Revision of †Ellimmichthys longicostatus (Clupeomorpha: †Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil with comments on the taxonomy of related species". *Journal of South American Earth Sciences*.
Ny-Ålesund

**Ny-Ålesund** ("New Ålesund") is a small town in Oscar II Land on the island of Spitsbergen in Svalbard,. Svaldbard is part of Norway.  Ny-Ålesund is on the Brøgger peninsula (Brøggerhalvøya). It lies on the  shore of the bay of Kongsfjorden. 

It is a company town, the whole settlement is owned by one company.  This company is called  Kings Bay. It provides facilities for permanent research activities by 19 institutions from 11 countries. The town is ultimately owned by the Ministry of Climate and Environment and is not incorporated (i.e. is not recognised as a town by the Norwegian government). Ny-Ålesund has an all-year permanent population of 30 to 35. During summer, the population can reach 114. Its facilities include Ny-Ålesund Airport, Hamnerabben, Svalbard Rocket Range, a port and Ny-Ålesund Town and Mine Museum, as well as a number of buildings dedicated to research and environmental monitoring activities. It is the northernmost functional civilian settlement in the world.

The town was founded in 1917 by Peter Brandal and his mining company, Kings Bay Kull Comp. Initially mining was carried out until 1929, but it was unprofitable for most of the 1920s. There were a series of air expeditions launched from Ny-Ålesund towards the North Pole. The company was nationalized in 1933 and the town was used for tourism and as a fishing port. Mining resumed for some months in 1941 and then from 1945. After several fatal incidents occurred including a mining accident on 5 November 1962 that killed 21 miners in what became known as the Kings Bay Affair, mining activity was terminated and Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet resigned. Kongsfjord Telemetry Station opened in 1967 and the town gradually transformed into a research settlement, with the Norwegian Polar Institute having had a year-round presence since 1968. As of 2021, 18 institutions from 11 countries have a more or less permanent presence in Ny-Ålesund – five of them with year-round activity, the remaining primarily present during the spring-summer-autumn field season.

Ny-Alesund also has the most-northerly post office in the world.
File:Ny-Ålesund_2013_06_07_2305_(10178252673).jpg
File:Ny-Ålesund_2013_06_07_2313_(10178365155).jpg
File:Ny-Ålesund_2013_06_07_2304_(10178237266).jpg
File:Ny-Ålesund_2013_06_07_3602_(10178426083).jpg
File:Kongsfjorden_60.JPG
File:Ny-Ålesund_2013_06_07_2328_(10178897465).jpg

## Notes 
## References 
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## Other websites 
*
Hyloxalus maquipucuna

***Hyloxalus maquipucuna*** is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body
The adult male frog can be as big as 21.2 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog can be 23.5–24.1 mm long. There is a big stripe on each side of the body. It is bright yellow in color and it starts at the eye. The skin of the frog's back and sides is black in color. There are two black spots near the rear end and where the front legs meet the body.  The female frog has a white belly. The male frog has a dark belly with lighter marks. The male frog's male organs are white in color.

## Name
Scientists named this frog for the place where they found it: Reserva Maquipucuna. "Maquipuncuna" is a Quechua word that means "a valley that looks like two human hands making a cup."

## Home
Scientists first saw this frog in a cloud forest in Reserva Maquipucuna in Pichincha. This place is 1800 meters above sea level. They saw it near a stream.

## Danger
Scientists saw this frog in 1984, but no scientist has said they have seen it since then. Scientists went to the frog's home to look for it, but they did not find it again. Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out and might be all dead now. They think that, if this frog is still alive, there are no more than 50 adults alive.  Scientists think many of these frogs died in the 1980s from changes to the climate and because of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.

## References
Battle of Haldighati

The battle of  **Haldighati** was fought on 18 June 1576. The two parties were Mughal forces led by Man Singh I of Amber, and  Mewar forces led by Maharana Pratap. The Mughals didn't won the battle. Many hindus from both sides died in the battle. Mughals were unable to capture Pratap, who reluctantly retreated persuaded by his fellow commanders.

The siege of Chittorgarh in 1568 had led to the loss of the fertile eastern belt of Mewar to the Mughals. However, the rest of the wooded and hilly kingdom was still under the control of the Sisodias. Akbar wanted to get a stable route to Gujarat through Mewar; when Pratap Singh was crowned king (Rana) in 1572, Akbar sent a number of envoys entreating the Rana to become a vassal like many other Rajput leaders in the region. However, Pratap refused to enter into a treaty. This led to the battle.

The site of the battle was a narrow mountain pass at Haldighati near Gogunda in Rajasthan. Sources differ on the strength of the respective armies but probably the Mughals outnumbered the Mewar forces by a factor of four to one.At first the Mewaris were successful. But with time, they lost more and more often.  Pratap was wounded, and the day was lost. A few of his men under Jhala Man Singh covered his retreat. The Mewar troops were not chased in their retreat by Man Singh. Although Akbar considered this as lost battle and banished maan Singh from the Mughal court for some time.

Despite the reverse at Haldighati, Pratap continued his resistance against the Mughals through guerrilla warfare, and by time of his death had regained more than his ancestral kingdom.

## Related pages
*Battle of Dewair
*Khan Khana Invasion of Mewar
*Jagannath Kachhawa Invasion of Mewar

## References
2011 FIFA Puskás Award

The **2011 FIFA Puskás Award** was the third FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on January 9, 2012, during the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala in Zürich, Switzerland. Santos player Neymar was the winner of the award, for his goal against Flamengo during the 2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A season.

For the first time, the vote percentages were not made public. This would be the only time until the 2019 edition of the award.
2012 FIFA Puskás Award

The **2012 FIFA Puskás Award** was the fourth FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on January 7, 2013, during the 2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala in Switzerland. Fenerbahçe player Miroslav Stoch was the winner of the award, for his goal against Gençlerbirliği during 2011–12 Süper Lig season.

The award was decided by an public online poll.

## References
2013 FIFA Puskás Award

, the winner of the 2013 FIFA Puskás Award.]]

The **2013 FIFA Puskás Award** was the fifth FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on January 13, 2014, during the 2013 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala in Switzerland. Paris Saint-Germain player Zlatan Ibrahimović was the winner of the award, for his bicycle kick goal against England in an international friendly.

There were two rounds of voting for this award. The first round of voting determined who would finish in the top 3, and the second round of voting was used to determine the winner from the winners in the previous round.

## References
Palestinian security services

**The Security Services of the Palestinian Authority,** also known as the **Palestinian Security Services** or **Palestinian Security Forces**, currently operate only in the West Bank since the Palestinian division. It is a regular military force of about 45,000 soldiers who carry out various activities, including maintaining security in the Palestinian areas and maintaining order. It is affiliated with the (Palestine Liberation Organization). The security services are funded by Palestinian National Authority, which pays it $4 million annually, according to media estimates.

## List of Palestinian security services 
The Palestinian security services are classified as follows:

# Internal Security Forces:
## Civil police
## Preventive Security
## Customs Officer
## Civil Defence 
# External Security Forces:
## General Intelligence
# National Security Forces:
## National Security Forces
## Military Intelligence
## Presidential Guard
## Air Police
## Marine Police
## Bodies:
### Security Forces Judicial Authority
### Political and National Guidance Authority
## Directorates:
### Military Medical Services Directorate
### Military Financial Management Directorate
### Military Liaison Directorate
### Central Armament Directorate
# Previous security agencies:
## Force 14
## Force 17
## Executive power

## Other websites 
* Palestinian Ministry of Interior website 
* Palestinian Police Website
* 129&a= 41371 Document: Presidential decisions and decrees to dissolve the Palestinian National Security Council

## References
2015 FIFA Puskás Award

The **2015 FIFA Puskás Award** was the seventh FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on January 6, 2016, during the 2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala in Zurich, Switzerland. Vila Nova player Wendell Lira was the winner of the award, for his goal against Atlético Goianiense in the 2015 Campeonato Goiano.

## References
2016 FIFA Puskás Award

The **2016 FIFA Puskás Award** was the eight FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on January 9, 2017, during the Best FIFA Football Awards 2016 in Zurich, Switzerland. Penang player Mohd Faiz Subri was the winner of the award, for his goal against Pahang during the 2016 Malaysia Super League season.

## References
2017 FIFA Puskás Award

, winner of the 2017 FIFA Puskás Award]]

The **2017 FIFA Puskás Award** was the ninth FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on October 23, 2017, during The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 at the London Palladium in London, United Kingdom. Arsenal player Olivier Giroud was the winner of the award, for his goal against Crystal Palace during the 2016–17 Premier League season.

Despite Giroud's goal winning the Puskás Award, it failed to win either the Premier League's Goal of the Month or Goal of the Season.
2014 FIFA Puskás Award

, winner of the 2014 FIFA Puskás Award.]]

The **2014 FIFA Puskás Award** was the sixth FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on January 12, 2015, during the 2014 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala in Zurich, Switzerland. Real Madrid player James Rodríguez was the winner of the award, for his goal against Uruguay in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Round of 16.

## References
2018 FIFA Puskás Award

The **2018 FIFA Puskás Award** was the tenth FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on September 24, 2018, during the Best FIFA Football Awards 2018 at the Royal Festival Hall in London, United Kingdom. Liverpool player Mohamed Salah was the winner of the award, for his goal against Everton during the 2017–18 Premier League season.

## References
2019 FIFA Puskás Award

The **2019 FIFA Puskás Award** was the eleventh FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on September 23, 2019, during The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy. Debrecen player Dániel Zsóri was the winner of the award, for his goal against Ferencváros during the 2018–19 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season.

For the first time since 2011, the vote percentages were not made public.
Ron Yeats

**Ronald Yeats** (15 November 1937 – 6 September 2024) was a Scottish footballer and manager. He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. He also made appearances for the Scotland national team from 1964 to 1966. He played for Liverpool F.C. from 1961 to 1971. 

Yeats's career began with Dundee United F.C., playing for them from 1957 to 1961. He also played for Tranmere Rovers F.C. from 1971 to 1974.

Yeats also managed several teams from 1971 to 1977, including Tranmere Rovers, Barrow A.F.C. and Santa Barbara Condors.

In January 2024, it was announced that Yeats had Alzheimer's disease. He died from problems caused by the disease in Aberdeen on 6 September 2024, at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* Thisisanfield.com Forgotten Heroes 
* Official Liverpool Football Club past player profile
* Player profile at LFChistory.net
* Exclusive interview at LFChistory.net
* Another Exclusive interview at LFChistory.net
* Ron Yeats at liverweb.org.uk
* Gazetteer for Scotland famous people
Mystery Inc.

**Mystery Incorporated**, often shortened to **Mystery Inc.**, are a fictional amateur crime-solving group of friends from the Scooby-Doo cartoons. Their mystery solving began as preadolescents in the city of Coolsville, and eventually across the globe.

## Members
* Scooby-Doo (mascot)
* Shaggy Rogers (Scooby's master/friend)
* Fred Jones (leader)
* Daphne Blake ("damsel in distress")
* Velma Dinkley ("team nerd")

## Appearances
### Television series
* *Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!*
* *The New Scooby-Doo Movies*
* *The Scooby-Doo Show*
* *Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo*
* *A Pup Named Scooby-Doo*
* ''What's New, Scooby-Doo?*
* *Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated*
* *Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!*
* *Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?*

### Movies
**Scooby-Doo* (2002)
**Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed* (2004)
* *Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins* (2009)
* *Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster* (2010)

#### Animated theatrical movie
**Scoob!* (2020)
**Space Jam: A New Legacy* (2021)

#### Direct-to-video animated movies
* *Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island* (1998)
* *Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost* (1999)
* *Scooby-Doo and the Alien Invaders* (2000)
* *Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase* (2001)
* *Scooby-Doo! and the Legend of the Vampire* (2003)
* *Scooby-Doo! and the Monster of Mexico* (2003)
* *Scooby-Doo! and the Loch Ness Monster* (2004)
* *Aloha, Scooby-Doo!* (2005)
* *Scooby-Doo! in Where's My Mummy?* (2005)
* *Scooby-Doo! Pirates Ahoy!* (2006)
* *Chill Out, Scooby-Doo!* (2007)
* *Scooby-Doo! and the Goblin King* (2008)
* *Scooby-Doo! and the Samurai Sword* (2009)
* *Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo* (2010)
* *Scooby-Doo! Camp Scare* (2010)
* *Scooby-Doo! Legend of the Phantosaur* (2011)
* *Scooby-Doo! Music of the Vampire* (2012)
* *Big Top Scooby-Doo!* (2012)
* *Scooby-Doo! Mask of the Blue Falcon* (2013)
* *Scooby-Doo! Adventures: The Mystery Map* (2013)
* *Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright* (2013)
* *Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery* (2014)
* *Scooby-Doo! Frankencreepy* (2014)
* *Scooby-Doo! Moon Monster Madness* (2015)
* *Scooby-Doo! and Kiss: Rock and Roll Mystery* (2015)
* *Lego Scooby-Doo! Haunted Hollywood* (2016)
* *Scooby-Doo! and WWE: Curse of the Speed Demon* (2016)
* *Scooby-Doo! Shaggy's Showdown* (2017)
* *Lego Scooby-Doo! Blowout Beach Bash* (2017)
* *Scooby-Doo! & Batman: The Brave and the Bold* (2018)
* *Scooby-Doo! and the Gourmet Ghost* (2018)
* *Scooby-Doo! and the Curse of the 13th Ghost* (2019)
* *Scooby-Doo! Return to Zombie Island* (2019)
* *Happy Halloween, Scooby-Doo!* (2020)
* *Scooby-Doo! The Sword and the Scoob* (2021)
* *Straight Outta Nowhere: Scooby-Doo! Meets Courage the Cowardly Dog* (2021)
* *Trick or Treat Scooby-Doo!* (2022)
* *Scooby-Doo! and Krypto, Too!'' (2023)
Senja municipality

**Senja** is a municipality in Troms county in Norway. It is on the island of Senja, Norway.

Economy: Media said (September 2024) that an agreement has been made for production of biogas; The necessary buildings, exist.

The mayor, Geir Inge Sivertsen, is elected until late 2027.
## Related pages
*List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027

## References
2022 FIFA Puskás Award

The **2022 FIFA Puskás Award** was the fourteenth FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on February 27, 2023, during The Best FIFA Football Awards 2022, in Paris, France. Polish amputee footballer Marcin Oleksy was the winner of the award, for his goal against Stal Rzeszów during the 2022 PZU Amp Futbol Ekstraklasa season.
2023 FIFA Puskás Award

The **2023 FIFA Puskás Award** was the fifteenth FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on January 15, 2024, during The Best FIFA Football Awards 2023, in London, United Kingdom. Botafogo-SP player Guilherme Madruga was the winner of the award, for his goal against Novorizontino during the 2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B season.
2021 FIFA Puskás Award

The **2021 FIFA Puskás Award** was the thirteenth FIFA Puskás Award. It was awarded on January 17, 2022, during The Best FIFA Football Awards 2021, which was held virtually. Tottenham Hotspur player Erik Lamela was the winner of the award, for his goal against Arsenal during the 2020–21 Premier League season.
Habsburg Netherlands

**Habsburg Netherlands** was the part of the Low Countries ruled by the House of Habsburg. After Mary of Burgundy died in 1482, the Low Countries was inherited by the Habsburgs. Emperor Charles V divided the House of Habsburg into two parts. The Spanish branch ruled the Habsburg Netherlands. After the Dutch Revolt, the northern provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands became independent. 

## Related pages 
* Spanish Netherlands
The Best in the World Pack

***The Best in the World Pack*** is the third extended play by Canadian rapper Drake. *The Best in the World Pack* was released on June 15, 2019.

On June 14, 2019, Drake posted on social media and confirmed the ep's title, album art, and the release date of the next day. The album was announced in celebration of the Toronto Raptors winning the NBA Championship the day before.

The album's cover art is an image of the Larry O'Brien Trophy on a black background with a spotlight over it and Drake's signature in red ink.

The album features the singles "Omertà" and "Money in the Grave". "Omertà" would reach #35 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and "Money in the Grave" would reach #7 on the Hot 100. "Money in the Grave" would be certified 6× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

## Songs
## References
Israeli Ground Forces

The **Israeli Army**, officially known as the **Israeli Ground Forces** () are the ground forces of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).

## Service 
The military service is held in three different tracks:

* **Regular service** (): mandatory military service which is held according to the Israeli security service law.
* **Permanent service** (): military service which is part of a contractual agreement between the IDF and the soldier. The soldier agrees to do the job beyond the minimum mandatory service.
* **Reserve service** (): a military service in which citizens are called for active duty of at most a month every year, in accordance with the Reserve Service Law, for training and ongoing military activities and especially for the purpose of increasing the military forces in case of a war.

Sometimes the IDF would also hold pre-military courses (קורס קדם צבאי or קד"צ) for soon-to-be regular service soldiers.

## Gallery

IDF_Ground_Forces_Command.png|Structure GOC

Dayan_w_Kuntila_Raid_comm.jpg|Israeli officers of the Paratrooper Battalion 890 in 1955 with Moshe Dayan (standing, third from the left). Ariel Sharon is standing, second from the left and commando Meir Har Zion is standing furthest left.

Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_13th_Battalion_of_the_Golani_Brigade_Holds_Drill_at_Golan_Heights_(22).jpg|Soldiers of the Golani Brigade on the Golan Heights

Idf-uniform-en.png|IDF uniform colours

Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Nahal's_Brigade_Wide_Drill_(22).jpg|Nahal Brigade soldier with full combat gear

Israeli_Honor_Guards_stand_at_attention_01.jpg|IDF female Military Police wearing skirts with their White caps and belts

Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Karakal_Winter_Training.jpg|The unisex Caracal Battalion, which serves in routine security missions

Israeli_Urban_combat.jpg|Israeli "Netzah Yehuda" recon company in full combat gear prepare for a night raid in the West Bank.

Merkava-Tanks-Wikipedia-02.jpg|Merkava – Israeli main battle tank, with 4 generations

IDF-Ground-Forces-AFVs-01.jpg|IDF's current (2017) armored fighting vehicles, clockwise: IDF Namer, IDF Caterpillar D9, M270 MLRS and Merkava Mk 4M

Merkeva_Mk_4M_-_Israeli_Tanks_2019-04-21_IZE-42.jpg|A profile of a Merkava Mk 4M tank, armed with an IMI 120 mm gun, a M2 Browning .50-cal, a 7.62x51 mm NATO commander's FN MAG, and equipped with the Trophy active protection system

## Related pages 
* Arab–Israeli conflict

## References and footnotes 
## Other websites 
*
Stolen Girls of the Lee County Stockade

In 1963, seventeen girls who were in the 11-15 age group spent the majority of the summer and two weeks into the fall unlawfully incarcerated in a small barred room in the  Lee County Stockade that is located on the  outskirts of Leesburg, Georgia.  These young girls were locked up without necessities for life.  The deplorable conditions under which they survived were horrendous.  These young girls were arrested in Americus, Georgia for marching for freedom, justice and equality.  They were not all locked up on the same day, at the same time nor for the same reason.  They were arrested for participating in at least one demonstration or protest in July, 1963. All seventeen , now Stolen Girls were released from confinement on Friday, September 13, 1963.

Sixteen of seventeen of  the young girls were captured on film by Mr. Danny Lyon who was then a Photographer for SNCC.  Our historical photograph was featured in Jet Magazine in 1966.  In 2006, our photograph was featured in Essence Magazine and all seventeen girls who lived, endured and survived being incarcerated in the stockade were dubbed the Stolen Girls of the Lee County Stockade by Ms.. Donna Owens.  She appropriately dubbed us "Stolen Girls" because no one from the civil community of Americus knew where the seventeen girls were secretly being confined for about two weeks.  The parents, and movement participants searched frantically, to no avail.  

Emmarene Streeter, Unlawfully incarcerated at age thirteen,396, EMMARENE STREETER,INNOVATIVE, CA

## References
Mihai Bîrzu

**Mihai Bîrzu** (26 May 1955 &ndash; 1998) was a Romanian archer. Bîrzu competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## References
Aurora Chin

**Aurora Eugenia China** (born 12 September 1958) is a retired Romanian archer and coach. Chin competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## References
## Other websites 
* Profile on worldarchery.org
2017 Rafah crossing bombing

On 17 August 2017, a suicide bomber detonated on the Palestinian side of Rafah Border Crossing. The man and his companion were described in most sources as members of ISIS. When the Hamas government border guard attempted to apprehend the two men, one of them detonated a suicide bomb, killing the guard, and injuring 5 others, one severely. The other offender was also injured in the attack. The severely wounded border guard died of his wounds. The first guard who died was a 28 year old man from the Gaza Strip.

Hamas responded to that bombing with a crackdown on followers of the "deviant ideology" (their term for ISIS and similar extremist groups). ISIS are an anti-nationalist cult with an ideology that is fundamentally incompatible with the Palestinian nationalism of Hamas and their allies, ISIS also object to Hamas' international Shia allies.  ISIS in the Sinai declared war on Hamas the following year, demanding Hamas release ISIS militants held in Gaza's prisons.

## Related pages 
* Hamas–ISIS conflict
* 
* 
* ISIS Sinai Province
* Sinai Peninsula

## References
Godzilla (star)

Godzilla is a luminous blue variable star located in the Sunburst Galaxy, Godzilla is one of the most extreme stars out there due to its extremely high luminosity. Godzilla has a redshift of z = 2.37.It was first seen by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

As of October 2022, it is the most luminous star that can be currently observed. It is also 10.9 billion light years away from Earth, also making it one of the most distant stars. Godzilla is located in the constellation of Apus.

## Luminosity 
As of September 2024, Godzilla is still the most luminous star with a luminosity of 134-255 million solar luminosities. Godzilla is probably experiencing an event similar to the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae A, in the next couple of years or months Godzilla will eventually shed its outer layers and leave the LBV eruption.

## Distance 
The extreme magnification of Godzilla is because of a nearby structure, most likely a dwarf galaxy mainly compromised of dark matter.

Godzilla is over 10.9 billion light years away from Earth, making it the fifth most distant known star.

Godzilla is a Kaiju star named after the most infamous Kaiju, another Kaiju star is EMO J041608.838-240358.60, or Mothra, which is a binary system.

## Other physical characteristics 
Godzilla is one of the largest stars in the universe, and one of the largest luminous blue variables. Godzilla is very big. It is 430-2,365 solar radii (2-11 AU).

Godzilla has a temperature of 15,000-30,000 kelvins (30,000 kelvins, 2 AU, 15,000 kelvins, 11 AU)

Godzilla is also one of the most massive stars in the universe with a mass of over 106 solar masses, after Godzilla leaves the luminous blue variable stage, it will evolve into a stellar-mass black hole.

## References
Badtameez Gill

***Badtameez Gill*** is an unreleased Hindi-language comedy drama movie directed by Navjot Gulati. Made by Nicky Vicky Bhagnani Films, it stars Vaani Kapoor, Aparshakti Khurana, Paresh Rawal, Sheeba Chaddha and Monica Chaudhary. The movie was scheduled for a theater release on 29 November 2024.

## Cast 
The movie stars
* Vaani Kapoor
* Aparshakti Khurana
* Paresh Rawal
* Sheeba Chaddha
* Monica Chaudhary

## Production 
The movie was announced in May 2024. Principal photography commenced the same month. The movie was mainly shot in Bareilly and London before wrapping in July 2024.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Contact binary star

, located in the Large Magellanic Cloud]]

In astronomy, a **contact binary** is a binary star system where the stars are so close that they touch each other or have combined to share their atmospheres.  A binary system where the stars share an atmosphere is also called an **overcontact** binary. The name "contact binary" was invented by astronomer Gerard Kuiper in 1941. Almost every contact binary is an eclipsing binary; eclipsing contact binaries are known as W Ursae Majoris variables, named after W Ursae Majoris.

The stars normally share the same temperatures and masses, as the bigger star normally gives some of its mass and temperature to the smaller star. But sometimes the stars touch physically but keep their same, different temperatures.

## References
The Man Who Planted Trees (movie)

***The Man Who Planted Trees*** () is a 1987 Canadian short animated movie directed by Frédéric Back. It is based on Jean Giono's 1953 short story *The Man Who Planted Trees*.

The movie was 30 minutes and had a French and English version. The movie was narrated by actors Philippe Noiret in French and Christopher Plummer in English.

The movie won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1988.

## References
Yitzhak Yedid

Yitzhak Yedid (Hebrew: יצחק ידיד, born 29 September 1971) is an Israeli-Australian composer of modern classical music. He is also a pianist and teacher. 

Yedid has won many awards, including the Azrieli Music Prize in 2021 for his work Kiddushim Ve' Killulim, the Sidney Myer Creative Fellowship in 2019, and the Landau Prize for Performing Arts in 2009. His music style mixes jazz, Jewish cantor music, European classical traditions, and experimental music. He is known as one of the most original composers today.

Yedid's work focuses on interfaith dialogue and mixing different cultures. He is inspired by Middle Eastern culture, ancient rituals, Arabic music, and non-Western music styles.

Yitzhak Yedid also performs sacred Judaeo-Sephardic and Middle Eastern music in piano concerts.

## Biography 
Yedid was born in Jerusalem and since 2008 he calls Australia home. He studied in Jerusalem (Rubin Academy), Boston, MA (New England Conservatory) and Melbourne (Monash University). His expertise as a composer is in the integration of non-European musical elements, including improvisation, with Western practice. His compositions explore new forms of integrating classical Arabic music, Arabic-influenced Jewish music and contemporary Western art music. 

Yedid is a Sidney Myer Creative Fellow and Gallop House Composer in Residence. His awards include the top two prizes in Israel for classical performers and composers: the Prime Minister's Prize for Composers (2007) and the Landau Prize for Performing Arts (2009). In 2008 Yedid was awarded a commission composition prize for his solo harp piece at the 17th International Harp contest. Yedid was also awarded a composer-in-residence position at the Judith Wright Centre (Brisbane, 2010) and at the Western Australian Academy of Performing arts (2008).

## References
Great Basin Desert

The Great Basin Desert is part of the Great Basin between the Sierra Nevada and the Wasatch Range. The desert is a geographical region that largely overlaps the Great Basin shrub
## References
Helena Woynarowska

**Helena Woynarowska** also written as **Helena Wojnarowska** (1907 - January 1946) was a Polish track and field athlete and basketball player during the early era of female athletics and basketball in Poland.

As a track and field athlete she was a member of AZS Warszawa and competed in sprint events, high jump, javelin throw, pentathlon and athletics triathlon. At Poland Athletics Championships she won 27 medals between 1924 and 1933. She became six times national champion in the 60 metres, 100 metres, javelin throw and relays. She represented Poland at the 1926 Women's World Games in Gothenburg. She competed in the 60 metres event where she was eliminated in the heats. She was also part of the Polish team in the 4 × 110 yards relay event.

As a member of the Poland women's national basketball team she won the silver medal at the 1930 European Women's Basketball Championship, after winning from Sweden and Czechoslovakia in earlier rounds. Eight year later she won the bronze medal at EuroBasket Women 1938.

She was awarded the bronze Cross of Merit on 19 March 1931.

Woynarowska died in a car accident in 1946, as reported in mid-January 1946 by the Bolshevik organ from the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN).

## References
Nigel McGuinness

**Steven Haworth** (born 23 January 1976) is an English commentator and former professional wrestler. He currently works for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under the ring name **Nigel McGuinness** as commentator for their *Collision* show.

McGuinness is also best known for his time wrestling in Ring of Honor (ROH) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He also did commentary in the WWE.

During his time in ROH, McGuinness was a one-time ROH Pure Champion and a one-time ROH World Champion. In TNA, he was a member of the Fortune stable and wrestled under the ring name **Desmond Wolfe**.

After he would contract Hepatitis B and suffered multiple concussions throughout his career, McGuinness would make the decision to retire from in-ring competition in 2011.

## Career
### All Elite Wrestling
At Supercard of Honor, McGuinness would make his surprise return to Ring of Honor (ROH).

On 5 April 2023, owner Tony Khan announced that McGuinness had signed a contract with All Elite Wrestling (AEW) to become a commentator for their *Collision* show. He currently commentates the show alongside Tony Schiavone.

On 25 August 2024 at All In in his hometown of London, McGuinness would make his in-ring return for the first time since 2011. He would compete in the Casino Gauntlet match for a future AEW World Championship match. He entered third in the match and would be eliminated by eventual winner Christian Cage.

On the 11 September episode of *Dynamite*, McGuinness would send out a challenge to his long-term rival Bryan Danielson to face him at Grand Slam. It was later confirmed to have been accepted.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Julia Chmizowska

**Julija Khmizovska-Volfa** also written as **Julia Chmizowska** or **Chnisowska** or **Hmizovska** (born 19 August 1902) was a Latvian track and field athlete specialized in the sprint events (200 metres, 250 metres) and competed in the pentathlon. She was active during 1920s, the early era of women's athletics.

## Career
Khmizovska was one of the four athletes who represented Latvia at the 1926 Women's World Games in Gothenburg. Via the heats of the 250 metres event she qualified for the final, finishing fifth with a time of 36.4 seconds.

Khmizovska alco competed at other international events, including at the International Pentathlon competition at the AZS stadium in Warsaw in September 1927. In the discus throw she  finished fifth with a score of 25.59 metres. In the javelin throw she threw 27.6 metres.

## References
## Other websites
*Image, lapamuzejs.lv
* Image of Chmizowska at the 1926 Women's World Games (most right on the back row with #2 visible)
François Lavoie

**François Lavoie** (born February 27, 1993) is a Canadian professional ten-pin bowler. Lavoie plays for the Canadian national team and is also a member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA).

Lavoie is the first and currently only player to bowl a perfect 300 in a televised U.S. Open game in 2016.

While on the PBA Tour, Lavoie has been a six-time champion. This includes the 2016 U.S. Open, 2016 Shark Championship, 2017 Xtra Frame Greater Jonesboro Open, 2019 U.S. Open, 2021 PBA Tournament of Champions, and 2024 PBA/PBA50/PWBA Jonesboro Trios.

Lavoie would play for Team Canada at the 2019 Pan American Games and would win a gold medal in men's doubles with his bowling partner Dan MacLelland.

Lavoie was born in Quebec City, Quebec and lives in Wichita, Kansas.

## References
## Other websites
*PBA profile
Mount Bintumani

**Mount Bintumani** is the tallest mountain in Sierra Leone and West Africa. It is approximately  tall. It is popular for hikers and climbers to go to the top. It is in the Loma Mountains. 

If you wanted to hike from Sinekoro village to the top of Mount Bintumani, you would start at  above sea level and end at  above sea level. it would take 2 full days to climb Mount Bintumani. It would be a  hike there and back.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sarfand Al Amar

**Sarfand al-Amar** (صرفند العمار) was a Palestinian village located on the coastal plain of Palestine, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest of Ramla. Its population was 1,950 in 1945 and its land area is 13,267 dunams. Its inhabitants were displaced during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.

 match between British teams and French army in Sarafand]]

## References
Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs

Peshmerga rebel guarding the airport in Zakho, northern Iraq 1993]]
 rebels during the 1991 uprising, Sulaymaniyah]]
The **Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs** **(MoPA)** () is the ministry of defense of the Kurdistan Region which is responsible for the command of the Peshmerga and protecting the borders and territory of the KRG. The current minister is Shorsh Ismail.

The Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs supervises 84,000 people (28.3%) of the Kurdistan Region's armed Peshmerga forces, most of whom take orders from KDP and PUK. 132,000 Peshmergas (44.4%) are under the control of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and 81,000 Peshmergas (27.3%) are under the control of Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.  

## References
Super Bowl LIX

**Super Bowl LIX** (meaning **Super Bowl 59** in Roman numerals) was an American football game in which the Philadelphia Eagles, winners of the National Football Conference (NFC) for the 2024 season, beat the Kansas City Chiefs, winners of the American Football Conference (AFC), 40-22 to become champions of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2024 season. It was played at the Caesars Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana on February 9, 2025.

It was the eighth super bowl played in the Superdome, and the 11th in the city of New Orleans, the previous being Super Bowl XLVII in 2013, held in the same venue (then called Mercedes-Benz Superdome). It was televised nationally by Fox.  

This was the eleventh Super Bowl held in the state of Louisiana. It was televised worldwide by Fox

Super Bowl LIX was televised nationally by Fox. Fox used over 240 cameras Fox used 147 cameras. Including 85 game cameras 27 super slow motion cameras 23 high resolution, 16 robotic cameras, 10 wireless cameras and 2 Skycams. 

## Halftime 
On September8, 2024, it was announced that rapper Kendrick Lamar would headline the Apple Music Super Bowl LIX Halftime Show.  

Kendrick Lamar performed *"Wacced Out Murals" "Bodies" "Squabble Up" "Humble (song)" "DNA (Kendrick Lamar song)" "Euphoria (Kendrick Lamar song)" "Man At The Garden" "Peekaboo" "Luther (song)" "All The Stars" "Not Like Us" and "TV Off"*.  It is considered of the greatest halftime shows of all time.

## References
Battle of Buath

The **Battle of Buʿāth** (Arabic: معرکة بُعاث) was a 7th-century battle in Medina that was fought between the two dominant tribes living there, the Aws and the Khazraj. The battle marked the final armed conflict between both tribes before their conversion to Islam after the arrival of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

## Time period 
The events of this battle are dated to around the 610–620s within the 7th century CE. This would also be consistent with the narrative that the battle occurred during the arrival of prophethood of Muhammad, and ended not too long before Muhammad arrived to Medina during the Hijrah.

## Background 
The Aws and Khazraj tribes were known for their many armed rivalries throughout history. As the Aws were preparing for yet another war, they pleaded with the Jewish tribes of Qurayza and Nadir to assist them; the Jews were reluctant at first because the Khazraj had threatened to take their children hostage if they assisted the Aws. However, a tribal chief of Khazraj by the name of 'Amr ibn Nu'man al-Bayadi soon kidnapped hostages from the Jewish tribes and subsequently killed them when the Jews did not agree to give away a portion of their properties to the Khazraj. However, the arrival of the Islamic prophet Muhammad would lead to 'Abd Allah losing prominence in Medina.

## Related pages 
*Battle of Badr
*Battle of Uhud

## Notes 
## References
Zoe Creed

**Zoe Creed** (born 29 March 2001) is an Australian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Australia 2024. She represented Australia at the Miss Universe 2024 pageant in Mexico.

## Pageantry 
### Miss Universe Australia 2024 
On September 5, 2024, Creed represented Queensland Miss Universe Australia 2024 pageant and competed against 28 other candidates at Crown Perth in Perth, where she won the title and was succeeded by Miss Universe 2023 second runner-up Moraya Wilson.

### Miss Universe 2024 
Creed represented Australia at Miss Universe 2024 pageant to be held in the Arena CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico, on 16 November 2024, but was unplaced.

## References
## Other websites
*
Blue supergiant

A **blue supergiant** (**BSG**) is a hot, luminous star, also called an OB supergiant. They are usually thought to be those with luminosity class **I** and spectral class B9 or earlier, although sometimes A-class supergiants are also called blue supergiants.

They are bigger than the Sun but smaller than a red supergiant, with surface temperatures of 10,000–50,000 K and luminosities from about 10,000 to a million times that of the Sun. They might form when two stars merge together. 

## Related pages 
* Red supergiant
* Supergiant
* Luminosity

## References
Dioxane

(*Not to be confused with Dioxin*)

s of dioxane. Small numbers show numbering of atoms in rings.]]

**Dioxane** is a type of chemical compound. Dioxanes have a ring of atoms made of four carbon atoms and two oxygen atoms. Depending on where the oxygen atoms are, there are three isomers of dioxane. Larger compounds that have the dioxane ring structure are also sometimes called dioxanes.

There are three isomers of dioxane, depending on where the oxygens are. The different oxygen locations make different functional groups on each isomer, giving them different chemistry.
* 1,2-dioxane has the two oxygen atoms next to each other. It is an organic peroxide.
* 1,3-dioxane has the two oxygen atoms on either side of one carbon atom. It is an acetal.
* 1,4-dioxane has the two oxygen atoms on opposite corners of the ring. It is a crown ether.

The National Toxicology Program says [that there is reason to believe, that the chemical can cause cancer in people, or it is] "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". The IARC says that the chemical is *possibly carcinogenic to humans* because it is a known carcinogen in other animals.

## References
Hyloxalus utcubambensis

***Hyloxalus utcubambensis*** is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

## Home
Scientists do not know much about this frog. They found it in exactly one place. Scientists saw this frog for the first time in a cloud forest in Peru. This place is 2,391  meters above sea level.

## Danger
Scientists do not know if this frog is in danger of dying out.  If it is in danger, it is because people change the places where the frog lives to make farms for coffee and tea.

Scientists do not know if human beings catch this frog to sell as a pet, but they know that people do catch other frogs in *Hyloxalus* to sell as pets because they are so beautiful.

## References
Jalpan de Serra

**Jalpan de Serra** is a town in the state of Querétaro in Mexico. About 26,000 people live there.

## References
Hyloxalus toachi

The **Toachi Rocket Frog** (*Hyloxalus toachi*) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body
The adult male frog is 18.1–23.1 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog can be  24.6–28.2  mm long. The adult male frog has a gray throat. The adult female frog has a white belly. There is a dark gray line down each side of the body. The male frog's male organs are brown in color.

## Name
Scientists named the frog "Toachi," for the river near where they found it. Many frogs and toads live in this place.

## Home
Scientists see this frog high up in the hills in forests where there is water in the air. Scientists saw this frog between 200 and 1410 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog near two protected parks: Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas and Reserva Tesoro Escondido.

## Young
The female frog lays eggs in dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry them to water.

The tops of the tadpoles' bodies are brown in color.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. It is in danger from people cutting down forests to make farms, to make places for animals to eat grass, and to get wood to build with.

## References
Socrate Safo

**Socrate Safo** is a director and filmmaker from Ghana. He works as the Director for Creative Arts at the National Commission on Culture in Ghana. He is well-known in Ghallywood and leads Move Africa Productions.

## Career 
Socrate Safo started making films while working as a cleaner in a movie theater. He was training to be a car mechanic at that time. He made his 1992 film *Ghost Tears*, which was very successful and helped start the Ghanaian ghost film genre.

Safo was the Public Relations Officer for the Film Producers Association of Ghana. He appeared in the 2011 VICEdocumentary *The Sakawa Boys*, which talked about his influence on the Sakawa movement in Ghana. Safo says he made more than 100 movies between 1988 and the time of the documentary. In 2015, he closed his Movie Africa Studio because of power outages Dumsor.

In June 2017, Safo became the Director for Creative Arts at the National Commission on Culture (NCC). Before that, he was the Executive Secretary at the NCC.

In May 2020, he was appointed by the Minister of Tourism, Culture and Creative Arts, Barbara Oteng Gyasi as the Chairman of the Film Classification Committee. This committee which is Ghana National Film Authority under helps to manage and promote the Ghanaian film industry. In 2021, Safo announced he was retiring from filmmaking.

## Personal Life 
Safo is married to his wife Mercy, and they have three sons and a daughter. He is also a member of the New Patriotic Party.

## Awards and nominations 
## References
Terezia Preda

**Terezia Octavia Preda** (born 18 June 1956) is a Romanian archer. Preda competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## References