open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Annapolis Royal

**Annapolis Royal**, formerly known as Annapolis, is a town located in the western part of Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

## Notes
## References
* Dunn, Brenda. *A History of Port-Royal/Annapolis Royal 1605-1800.* Halifax: Nimbus, 2004.
* Faragher, John. *A Great and Noble Scheme.* Norton, 2005.
* Grenier, John. *The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760.* Oklahoma University Press.
* Grenon, Jean-Yves. ''Pierre Dugua de Mons: Fondateur de l'Acadie (1604-5), Co-Fondateur de Québec (1608); Pierre Dugua de Mons: Founder of Acadie (1604-5), Co-Founder of Québec (1608)* (English translation by Phil Roberts). Annapolis Royal: Peninsular Press, 2000.
* Griffiths, E. *From Migrant to Acadian.'' McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005.
* Lawrence, Ian. *Historic Annapolis Royal: Images of Our Past.* Halifax: Nimbus, 2002.
* Plank, Geoffrey. *An Unsettled Conquest.* University of Pennsylvania, 2001.
* Reid, John, Maurice Basque, Elizabeth Mancke, Barry Moody, Geoffrey Plank, and William Wicken. ''The 'Conquest' of Acadia, 1710: Imperial, Colonial, and Aboriginal Constructions.'' 2004.

## Other websites
* Town of Annapolis Royal website
* Fundy Communities Development Association website
* Annapolis Valley Tourism Information, Real Estate and Business Directory
*
Bombycidae

The **Bombycidae** are a family of moths. The best-known species is *Bombyx mori* (Linnaeus), whose larval form is the silkworm. It is native to northern China and has been raised by humans for thousands of years. This family consists of 21 genera and about 150 species, most of which belong to the nominate subfamily Bombycinae.
Stewiacke

**Stewiacke** is a town located in southern Colchester County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The town was incorporated on August 30, 1906.

## History
Stewiacke was named in the language of the local Mi'kmaq First Nations and is a word meaning "flowing out in small streams" and "winding river" or "whimpering or whining as it goes". During the French and Indian War, the British built Fort Ellis in the area to protect New England Planters from Mi'kmaq raids.

In the late 1990s, a tourism attraction named Mastodon Ridge opened near the town's highway exit, based on a local discovery of a mastodon skeleton. The Mastodon Ridge Complex features a craft store, toy store, a mini golf and interpretive centre which displays several of the mastodon's bones.

Stewiacke is home to two bars, a pharmacy, a grocery store, a pizza store, numerous fast food restaurants, two gas stations, a hardware store, an audio-visual production company, an 18-hole golf course and a newly built elementary school that replaced two former local schools.

Stewiacke is also home to a volunteer fire department that was the first department in North America to use specialized foam as a fire suppression agent. Alongside other achievements involving the use of certain fire apparatus.

The town is noted as being located halfway between the North Pole and the Equator (Actually in Alton, Nova Scotia).  Controversy in the past over this claim stems from the fact that the Earth is not a perfect sphere, and therefore the halfway mark lies approximately 16&nbsp;km North of the 45th parallel.

The town's most notorious event occurred on Friday April 12, 2001, when a local teenager, at home on a school in-service day, tampered with a railway switch on the CN Rail Halifax-Montreal mainline, causing Via Rail Canada's *Ocean* to derail several minutes later when it passed through the centre of the community.  Several buildings and rail cars were destroyed and many people were injured, including some severely, although no fatalities resulted.

The town is located in the Stewiacke Valley at the confluence of the Stewiacke and Shubenacadie River and is a service and support centre for local agricultural communities as well as a service exit on Highway 102.

## Demographics 
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Stewiacke had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

## Parks 
*Caddell Rapids Lookoff Provincial Park
*Dennis Park

## References
## Other websites
* Town of Stewiacke
* Central Nova Tourist Association - official website
Bühler

**Bühler** is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
Midden-Groningen

**Midden-Groningen**, Low Saxon: *Midden-Grunnen*, is a municipality of the Province of Groningen, the Netherlands. It lies in the middle of Groningen.

The municipality was established on January 1, 2018. It was made by combining the former municipalities of Hoogezand-Sappemeer, Menterwolde, and Slochteren.

About 61,000 people live in Midden-Groningen. It covers an area of about .

The main settlement is Hoogezand.

## Other websites 
*
Raedersdorf

**Raedersdorf** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

## Related pages
* Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References
*INSEE commune file
Marián Labuda

**Marián Labuda** (28 October 1944 &ndash; 5 January 2018) was a Slovak actor. He was born in Hontianske Nemce, Slovakia. 

In 1964, he graduated from the *Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava* (VŠMU). He became a member of the Slovak National Theatre (SND) in Bratislava. In 1967, he moved to the theatre *Divadlo na Korze* in the same city. 

Labuda was known for his movies *Dobří holubi se vracejí* (1988), *The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin* (1994) and *The Garden* (1995). He performed more than a hundred of characters on stage. He also regularly appeared in both Slovak and Czech movies.

Labuda died on 5 January 2018 in Bratislava, Slovakia at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites 
*
John Byron (Royal Navy officer)

Vice-Admiral The Hon. **John Byron** (8 November 1723 – 10 April 1786) was a British Royal Navy officer and politician. He was known as **Foul-weather Jack** because of his frequent encounters with bad weather at sea. As a midshipman, he sailed in the squadron under George Anson on his voyage around the world, though Byron made it to southern Chile, and returned to England with the captain of HMS *Wager*. He was governor of Newfoundland following Hugh Palliser, who left in 1768. He circumnavigated the world as a commodore with his own squadron in 1764-1766. He fought in battles in The Seven Years' War and the American Revolution. He rose to Vice Admiral of the White before his death in 1786.

Byron was the son of William Byron, 4th Baron Byron and Frances Berkeley. He was the father of Captain John Byron.

His grandsons include the poet George Gordon Byron and George Anson Byron, admiral and explorer, who were the 6th and 7th Baron Byron, respectively.
Urmein

**Urmein** () is a municipality of the district Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## References
Man of the Woods

***Man of the Woods*** is the fifth solo studio album by American entertainer Justin Timberlake.  It is set to be released on February 2, 2018, two days before his halftime performance at Super Bowl LII.  The first single from the album, "Filthy", was released on January 5, 2018.

## Track listing 
## References
Filthy (song)

"**Filthy**" is a song recorded by American entertainer Justin Timberlake.  It is the lead single from his fifth studio album, *Man of the Woods*.  The song was released on January 5, 2018, along with its music video. The song was written by Timberlake, Danja, Timbaland, James Fauntleroy, and Larrance Levar Dopson, while the first three of these produced the song.

Timberlake performed "Filthy" at his Super Bowl LII Halftime Show in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on February 4, 2018.

## Charts 
The song entered at number nine on the *Billboard* Hot 100. It also charted in the top 15 in the UK.

## Music video 
The video for the song features Timberlake dressed in a black sweater, jeans, and glasses, typical of the late CEO of Apple Inc., Steve Jobs.  In the video, Timberlake demonstrates a robot.

## References
Senichi Hoshino

, (22 January 1947 – 4 January 2018), was a Japanese baseball player and manager. He was born in Kurashiki, Japan.

In 2003, he led the Hanshin Tigers to their first Central League pennant in 18 years before retiring for health reasons. In 2007, he managed the Japanese national team for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

In October 2010 Hoshino was hired as manager of the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. Hoshino led the Eagles to a Pacific League championship and Japan Series championship in 2013.

Hoshino died of pancreatic cancer in Tsu, Mie on 4 January 2018 at the age of 70.

## References
## Other websites
* Sen'ichi Hoshino's official website  (in Japanese)
Wolfgang Schäuble

**Wolfgang Schäuble** (; 18 September 1942 &ndash; 26 December 2023) was a German lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). His political career has spanned more than fifty years. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1972 until his death in 2023. His fifty-one year career in the Bundestag made him the longest serving member of parliament in the country's history.

Schäuble was the Leader of the Christian Democratic Union and Leader of the Opposition from 1998 to 2000. During his career, he had several government roles such as Head of the Chancellery, Minister of the Interior and Minister of Finance in the governments of Helmut Kohl and Angela Merkel. He was the President of the Bundestag from 2017 to 2021.

## Early life
Schäuble was born in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1942. He was the son of tax finance advisor and politician Karl Schäuble and Gertrud Göhring. He began a career in law at the district court of Offenburg in 1978. 

Schäuble was the Minister of the Interior from 1989 to 1991 during the Helmut Kohl government. He was seen as Kohl's protege. however he was criticized by civil rights activists for his strict law and order policies.

On 12 October 1990, at the age of 48 and just after reunification, Schäuble was the target of an assassination attempt by Dieter Kaufmann, who fired three shots at him after an election campaign event in Oppenau. Kaufmann injured a bodyguard, and severely injured Schäuble's spinal cord and face. He took a hard line towards Southern European countries during the eurozone crisis such as not supporting the International Monetary Fund stance to give Greece more time to fix their deficit issues. He was a supporter of austerity policies and his 2014 budget allowed Germany to take on no new debt for the first time since 1969.

When Federal President Joachim Gauck announced in June 2016 that he would not stand for reelection, Schäuble was seen by German and international media as likely replacement; however the job soon went to Frank-Walter Steinmeier instead.

On 27 September 2017 the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag announced Schäuble’s nomination as President of the Bundestag and assumed office on 24 October 2017. In October 2021, Schaüble left office as President of the Bundestag and was replaced by Bärbel Bas. He became the Father of the Bundestag shortly afterwards since he was the longest sitting member of the Bundestag at the time.

## Illness and death
In May 2010, on his way to Brussels for an emergency meeting at the European Parliament, he was hospitalized for an allergic reaction to a new antibiotic. At the time, Schäuble thought about resigning, however, Chancellor Angela Merkel declined his offer to step down twice during a period of bad health in 2010.

Schäuble died of cancer at the age of 81 on 26 December 2023 in Offenburg, Baden-Württemberg.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Wolfgang Schäuble: "Muslims Should Feel at Home in Germany" 
*
Philipp Jenninger

**Philipp Jenninger** (10 June 1932 – 4 January 2018) was a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union and diplomat.

Jenninger was the President of the Bundestag from 1984 to 1988. He also served as Member of the German Parliament, the Bundestag (1969–1990), Minister of State at the German Chancellery (1982–1984), German Ambassador to Austria (1991–1995) and German Ambassador to the Holy See (1995–1997).

Jenninger died on 4 January 2018 in Stuttgart, aged 85.

## References
Aydın Boysan

**Aydın Boysan** (17 June 1921 – 5 January 2018) was a Turkish architect, academic, author and essayist. He was born in Istanbul.

In 1954, he became the charter member of  the Chamber  of Architects. He also became the first secretary general of the chamber. Later he served as the representative of the chamber in İstanbul.  Between 1957 and 1972 he taught in the İstanbul Technical University.

In 1984, Boysan founded Bas Printing House and published essay books. His essays are mostly about his memoirs and humor. He was also a columnist.

Boysan died of multiple organ failure in Istanbul on 5 January 2018 at the age of 96.

## References
Carlo Ripa di Meana

**Carlo Ripa di Meana** (15 August 1929 &ndash; 2 March 2018) was an Italian politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament, a European Commissioner with portfolio for the environment and was environment minister of Italy.

Ripa di Meana was the leader of the Italian Greens and president of the organization Italia Nostra.

From 1982 until her death in 2018, Ripa di Meana was married to actress and socialite Marina Ripa Di Meana.

From 1993 to 1996 Ripa di Meana was the Spokesperson of the Federation of the Greens, in the 1994 European Parliament election he was again elected MEP, while in 2000 regional election he was elected in the Umbrian Regional Council.

Ripa di Meana died in Rome on 2 March 2018 of skin cancer at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
Marina Ripa Di Meana

, 2003.]]
**Marina Ripa Di Meana** (born **Maria Elide Punturieri** and previously known as **Marina Lante della Rovere**; 21 October 1941 – 5 January 2018) was an Italian writer, actress, director, stylist and TV personality. She was born in Reggio Calabria.

Ripa di Meana  wrote 14 books over her lifetime, however she is probably best known for her first two autobiographical books, ''I miei primi quarant'anni* (My First Forty Years, 1984) and *La più bella del reame* (The Most Beautiful in the Realm, 1988), which became bestsellers. 

Ripa di Meana directed the controversial movie *Cattive ragazze* and starred in *Assassinio sul Tevere''.

From 1982 until her death, she was married to politician Carlo Ripa di Meana.

Ripa di Meana was suffering from kidney cancer in the years before her death. On 5 January 2018, Ripa di Meana died in Rome after deciding to undergo deep palliative sedation at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
Douglas, Chicago

**Douglas**, on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, is one of 77 Chicago community areas. The neighborhood is named for Stephen A. Douglas, an Illinois politician, whose estate included a tract of land given to the federal government. Camp Douglas, a Civil War camp, was located in what is now the eastern portion of the Douglas neighborhood. 

Douglas gave that part of his estate at Cottage Grove and 35th to the Old University of Chicago.  

The Chicago 2016 Olympic bid planned for the Olympic Village to be constructed on a  truck parking lot south of McCormick Place that is mostly in the Douglas community area and partly in the Near South Side.

## References
Armour Square, Chicago

**Armour Square** is a Chicago neighborhood on the city's South Side, as well as a larger, officially defined community area.

This area also includes Chinatown and the CHA Wentworth Gardens housing project. Comiskey Park, the ballpark of the Chicago White Sox, is in Armour Square.

Armour Square is bordered by Bridgeport to the west and Bronzeville to the east, with Pilsen and the near South Side bordering the area to the north and Fuller Park bordering its southernmost boundary along Pershing Road.

Armour Square is served by the Dan Ryan branch of the Chicago Transit Authority's Red Line, with stops at Cermak-Chinatown and Sox-35th. It is also served by Metra's Rock Island Line via the 35th Street station.

## References
Oakland, Chicago

**Oakland**, located on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, USA, is one of 77 officially designated Chicago community areas.   Some of Chicago's great old homes may be seen on Drexel Boulevard.  

Nineteenth-century women's rights and Jewish activist Hannah Greenebaum lived in Oakland.   The late 19th-century Monument Baptist Church on Oakwood Blvd. is modeled after Boston's Trinity Church. Oakwood /41st Street Beach in Burnham Park is at 4100 S. Lake Shore Drive.

## References
## Other websites
*City of Chicago Neighborhood Guide to Oakland and Kenwood 
*Official City of Chicago Community Map
Fuller Park, Chicago

**Fuller Park**, located on the south side of Chicago, Illinois. It is one of 77 officially designated Chicago community areas. It is designated Community Area 37.

Fuller Park is named for the small park within the neighborhood, which is in turn named for Melville Weston Fuller, a Chicago attorney who was the Chief Justice of the United States between 1888 and 1910. Fuller Park is one of Chicago's smallest community areas.

## References
## Other websites
*Official City of Chicago Fuller Park Community Map
Kenwood, Chicago

**Kenwood**, one of Chicago's 77 community areas. It is on the shore of Lake Michigan on the South Side of the city. Its boundaries are 43rd Street, 51st Street, Cottage Grove Avenue, and the lake. 

Kenwood was originally part of Hyde Park Township, which was annexed to the city of Chicago in 1889. Kenwood was once one of Chicago's most richest and well-known neighborhoods, and it still has some of the largest single-family homes in the city.

It has two Chicago Landmark districts, Kenwood and North Kenwood. A large part of the southern half of the community area is in the Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District. 

In recent years, Kenwood has received national attention as the home of U.S. President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama.

## References
Washington Park, Chicago

**Washington Park** is a well-defined community area on the South Side of Chicago. It includes the 372&nbsp;acre (1.5&nbsp;km²) park named Washington Park, stretching east-west from Cottage Grove Avenue to the Dan Ryan Expressway, and north-south from 51st Street to 63rd. 

It is home to the DuSable Museum of African American History.  The park was the proposed site of the Olympic Stadium and the Olympic Aquatics Center in Chicago's bid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## References
Hyde Park, Chicago

**Hyde Park** is a community area on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the shore of Lake Michigan seven miles (11&nbsp;km) south of the Chicago Loop.

Hyde Park is home to the University of Chicago, the Museum of Science and Industry, and two of Chicago's four historic sites listed in the original 1966 National Register of Historic Places (Chicago Pile-1, the world's first artificial nuclear reactor, and Robie House).

In the early 21st century, Hyde Park received national attention for its association with U.S. President Barack Obama, who before running for president, was a professor of law at the University of Chicago.

## References
Jackson Park (Chicago)

in Jackson park is a replica of Daniel Chester French's *The Republic*]]
**Jackson Park** is a 500-acre (2&nbsp;km²) park on Chicago's South Side, located at 6401 South Stony Island Avenue in the Woodlawn community area. 

It extends into the South Shore and Hyde Park community areas, bordering Lake Michigan and several South Side neighborhoods. 

It is named for President Andrew Jackson, it is one of two Chicago Park District parks with the name "Jackson", the other being Mahalia Jackson Park in the community area of Auburn Gresham on the far southwest side of Chicago.

The parkland was first developed as the host site of the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. The Museum of Science and Industry resides in the remaining "palace" in the park from that era. The park includes woodland trails, playing fields, a beach, golf course, and a boat harbor.  

It is the future site of the Barack Obama Presidential Center and library. 

## References
## Other websites
* Jackson Park  – official site at Chicago Park District
* Jackson Park Advisory Council
* Garden of the Phoenix – friends site
Woodlawn, Chicago

**Woodlawn**, on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, is one of Chicago's 77 community areas. Much of its eastern portion is occupied by Jackson Park. 

The Woodlawn section of the park includes the site of the planned Obama Presidential Library, an estimated $500 Million Investment.  The northern edge of Woodlawn contains a portion of the campus of the University of Chicago.

## References
Grand Boulevard, Chicago

**Grand Boulevard**, located on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the well-defined Chicago Community Areas. The boulevard from which the community area takes its name now is named after Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive.

Grand Boulevard also includes the Washington Park Court District neighborhood that was declared a Chicago Landmark on October 2, 1991.

The Harold Washington Cultural Center is one of its newer and more famous buildings. Among the other notable properties in this neighborhood are Daniel Hale Williams House, Robert S. Abbott House and Oscar Stanton De Priest House.

## References
Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago

**Greater Grand Crossing** is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the city's South Side.

The name "Grand Crossing" comes from an 1853 right-of-way feud between the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway and the Illinois Central Railroad that led to a frog war and a crash that killed 18 people. This led Mayor Roswell B. Mason to illegally construct railroad tracks across another railroad company's tracks. 

During the 1950s, the Black population of the neighborhood rose from 6% to 86%. Today, the neighborhood is 97% Black.

The Red Line of the CTA travels to Greater Grand Crossing.

## References
South Shore, Chicago

**South Shore** is one of 77 defined community areas of Chicago, Illinois, United States. A predominantly African American neighborhood on the city's South Side, the area is named for its location along the city's southern lakefront. Although South Shore has seen a greater than 40% decrease in residents since Chicago's population peaked in the 1950s, the area remains is one of the most densely populated neighborhoods on the South Side. 

The community benefits from its location along the waterfront, its accessibility to Lake Shore Drive. It holds the University of Chicago, the Museum of Science and Industry, and Jackson Park.

## References
Emily Dole

**Emily Dole** (September 28, 1957 – January 2, 2018) was a Samoan-American athlete, actress and professional wrestler who competed in the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling as **Mountain Fiji**, abbreviated in publications and her official logo as **Mt. Fiji**.

At 350 pounds, she dwarfed all of the other members of the cast, the closest competitor being the glamazon queen Matilda the Hun, who she feuded with for the first two seasons. Wrestling led to other appearances, on the short lived *Hard Time on Planet Earth*, on the *Carol Burnett Show* spin-off ''Mama's Family* and in the Pauly Shore romp, *Son in Law*. 

Dole was interviewed and featured in the 2012 documentary film *GLOW: The Story of the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling''.

Dole died in Orange, California on January 2, 2018 from a long-illness at the age of 60.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Mountain Fiji online biography
List of population centres in Nova Scotia

A **population centre**, in Canadian census data, is a populated place, or a cluster of interrelated populated places, which meets the demographic characteristics of an urban area, having a population of at least 1,000 people and a population density of no fewer than 400 persons per square km2. 

The term was first introduced in the Canada 2011 Census; prior to that, Statistics Canada used the term **urban area**.

## References
Michael Pfeiffer

**Michael "Michel" Pfeiffer** (19 July 1925 – 2 January 2018) was a German professional football player and manager. He was born in Eschweiler, Germany. He played for SG Eschweiler, Alemannia Aachen, Rot-Weiss Essen and Fortuna 54 Geleen. He coached Roda JC Kerkrade,
Sittardia, SC Schwenningen, Alemannia Aachen, FK Pirmasens, Austria Salzburg, SV Arminia Gütersloh, SV Baesweiler 09, BSV Schwenningen, TuS Langerwehe, Sporting Jeddah and CS Sfax.

Pfeiffer died on 2 January 2018 at the age of 92.

## References
Flag of Chad

The national flag of Republic of Chad (, ) is a  tricolour of blue, gold, and red. The design is almost identical to that of the flag of Romania,  except that this flag is very slightly darker in color.

## References
## Other websites
*
Flag of Cameroon

The national **flag of Cameroon** is a  of green, red and yellow, with a five-pointed yellow star in its center.

## Other flags

File:Flag of Cameroon (1961-1975).svg|Flag of Cameroon (1961–1975)
File:Flag of Cameroon (1957).svg|Flag of Cameroon (1957–1961)
File:Flag of British Cameroon.svg|Flag of British Cameroons (1922–1961)
File:Flag of Deutsch-Kamerun.svg|Flag of German Cameroon (Proposed, but never used)

## Other websites
*
Tartar, Switzerland

**Tartar** was a municipality of the district of Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Portein, Präz, Sarn and Tartar merged into the municipality of Cazis.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
*
Flag of Nigeria

The **flag of Nigeria** is a vertical tricolour of green, white, and green. It was adopted on 1 October 1960.

## References
Flag of Ghana

The **flag of Ghana** has three equal horizontal bands of red, yellow, and green, with a five-pointed black star in its center. It was adopted on 6 March 1957

## Other websites
*
Ellicott's Mills Historic District

'''Ellicott's Mills Historic District''' is a historic district in Oella, Maryland, United States. It is on the east bank of the Patapsco River, opposite Ellicott City.

This historic district is on the National Register of Historic Places.

## References
## Other websites
*, including photo from 1982, at Maryland Historical Trust
*Boundary Map of the Ellicott's Mills Historic District, Baltimore County, at Maryland Historical Trust
Chatham, Chicago

**Chatham** is one of the 77 community areas of the city of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the city's South Side.  It includes the neighborhoods of Chatham, East Chatham, West Chatham and the northern portion of West Chesterfield. 

Its residents are mainly African American, and it is home to former Senator Roland Burris. Housing many city employees and other officials, Chatham has been a central area for Chicago's middle-class African Americans since the late 1950s.

In the 1990 census Chatham was found to be 1.0% White, 98.7% Black, 0.5% Hispanic, 0.1% Asian and 0.3% other.

The CTA Red Line stations at 79th and 87th also serve Chatham.

## References
Gruyère cheese

**Gruyère Cheese ** () is a hard yellow cheese from Switzerland. It is produced in the French -speaking village with the same name.

## Milk of Gruyère Cheese
It is made from the milk of cows.

## Taste of Gruyère Cheese
Gruyère is sweet but slightly salty, with a flavor that varies widely with age.

## Photos
Carlos Heitor Cony

**Carlos Heitor Cony** (March 14, 1926 – January 5, 2018) was a Brazilian journalist and writer. He was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (Portuguese: Academia Brasileira de Letras). He was born in Rio de Janeiro.

Cony was a center-leftist and faced persecution under the military government in the 1960s.  Four of his works were adapted to movies. He was a columnist at the Brazilian newspaper *Folha de S.Paulo*.

Cony died in Rio de Janeiro on January 5, 2018 of multiple organ failure at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*Folha
*Mertin-litag 
*BBC
*
David Bennent

**David Bennent** (born 9 September 1966) is a Swiss actor. He was born in Lausanne, Switzerland. When he was 11 he starred in *The Tin Drum*, which caused much controversy because David was shown in sex scenes with an adult. At age 19, he acted as Honeythorn Gump in the movie *Legend*, co-starring together Tom Cruise and Mia Sara. Bennent has appeared in such plays as *Peer Gynt* (2004), *Die Juden* (2003), *Michael Kramer* (2003), and ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' (2002).

## Other websites 
*
Gossau, St. Gallen

**Gossau** is a municipality in St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the city of Gossau
Jim Anderton

**James Patrick Anderton** (21 January 1938 – 7 January 2018) was a New Zealand politician. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002. In 2010, he ran unsuccessfully for the mayoral position of Christchurch. 

Anderton retired from Parliament at the 2011 election. After his retirement, he and former MP Philip Burdon were the two prominent campaigners for the restoration of ChristChurch Cathedral.

Anderton died in Christchurch on 7 January 2018, two weeks before his 80th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
* Mayoral campaign website (archived)
*Jim Anderton's Progressives, archived site of Anderton's now-dissolved party
New City, Chicago

**New City** is one of Chicago's 77 official community areas, located on the southwest side of the city in the South Side district. It contains the neighborhoods of Canaryville and Back of the Yards. 

The area was home to the famous Union Stock Yards that were on Chicago's south side until closed in 1971.

The **Canaryville** neighborhood is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Chicago and, with neighboring Bridgeport.

## References
## Other websites
*Back of the Yards Neighborhood Council (oldest community organization in the United States, founded by Alinsky in 1939)
John Byron (British Army officer)

Captain **John Byron** (7 February 1756 – 2 August 1791) was a British Army officer and writer, best known as the father of poet Lord Byron.

Byron was the son of Vice-Admiral The Hon. John Byron and Sophia Trevanion and grandson of William Byron, 4th Baron Byron of Rochdale. He was educated atWestminster School. He gained the rank of Captain in the Coldstream Guards. Captain John Byron also went by the nickname of "**Mad Jack**."

In 1778 he eloped with Amelia Osborne, Marchioness of Carmarthen, daughter ofRobert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness, to Europe and they married after she obtained a divorce from her husband the Marquess of Carmarthen, who in 1789 became Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds. They married on 1 June 1779 at London, England, and had a daughter, Augusta Maria Byron. Amelia Osborne died in 1784.

Byron then married Catherine Gordon, heiress of Gight in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, daughter of George Gordon and Catherine Innes, on 12 May 1785. She was the mother of George Gordon Byron, who would early in his life become the 6th Baron Byron. In order to claim his wife's estate in Scotland, Captain Byron took the surname *Gordon*.After he had squandered most of her fortune and deserted her, Mrs. Byron took her infant son to Aberdeen, Scotland, where they lived in lodgings on a meager income.

"Mad Jack" died in 1791 at age 35, at Valenciennes. Later, Lord Byron would tell friends that his father had cut his own throat. It is more likely he died from tuberculosis or an overdose.
Finesse (song)

"**Finesse**" is a song recorded by American singer Bruno Mars.  It is the eighth track on his third studio album, *24K Magic*.  On January 4, 2018, a remix of the song, featuring American rapper Cardi B, was released.  It has reached number one on the iTunes charts of eight countries. The song and its video are noted for its 1990s style.

## Charts 
The song entered the *Billboard* Hot 100 at number 35 but rose to number three the following week. It also reached number three in Canada and the top five in the UK.

## Music video 
The music video contains various influences of the 1990s, including the background dancers, which appear to mimic the "Fly Girls" from the TV series *In Living Color*.

## References
Rita Crocker Clements

**Rita Crocker Clements** (October 30, 1931 &ndash; January 6, 2018) was an American Republican Party organizer and heritage preservationist. She was the First Lady of Texas serving from 1979 to 1983 and again from 1987 through 1991. Clements was born in Newton, Kansas.

In 1996, she was appointed to the University of Texas Board of Regents by Governor George W. Bush, and re-appointed by Governor Rick Perry, serving until November 2007. She was elected to the Texas Women's Hall of Fame in 1996.

Clements died in her sleep of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Dallas, Texas on January 6, 2018 at the age of 86.

## References
Archer Heights, Chicago

**Archer Heights** is a neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago.

The area was once a Native American trail. The neighborhood is bounded by the Stevenson Expressway to the north, the CTA Orange Line to the south, the Corwith railyard to the east, and the railroad tracks/Knox Avenue to the west.

## References
## Other websites
*Archer Heights neighborhood map & guide on ExploreChicago.org
*Official City of Chicago Archer Heights Community Map
Brighton Park, Chicago

**Brighton Park** is a neighborhood located on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois. It is number 58 of the 77 community areas of Chicago.

Brighton Park is bordered on the north by the former Illinois & Michigan Canal and the current Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, on the east by Western Avenue, on the south by 49th Street, and on the west by Central Park Ave.

The neighborhood is a mix of residential areas, commercial zones, industrial works and transportation. It is relatively peaceful, according to Chicago Police Department statistics (2004 CPD Annual Report).

The Orange Line of the CTA serves the area.

## References
## Other websites
* Official City of Chicago Brighton Park Community Map
McKinley Park, Chicago

**McKinley Park**, one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago, Illinois, is located on the city's southwest side.

McKinley Park is served by three neighborhood newspapers: the *Bridgeport News*, the *Archer Journal News* and the *Brighton Park/McKinley Park Life*. The neighborhood newspapers are delivered weekly on Wednesdays to homes, businesses and other establishments throughout the neighborhood.

Two stops on the Orange Line rapid transit have boosted property values and created the development of a shopping mall on Archer and Ashland Avenue.

The area is named after President William McKinley.

## Other websites
*Official City of Chicago McKinley Park Community Map 
*McKinleyPark.org - A Web site for the McKinley Park neighborhood of Chicago
West Elsdon, Chicago

**West Elsdon**, one of the 77 official community areas. It is located on the southwest side of the City of Chicago, Illinois. It is known as a twin neighborhood of West Lawn. 

It has a population which includes a mix of Polish-American residents and increasing Mexican-American residents who have a clear majority. 

## Other websites
*West Elsdon map & neighborhood guide on ExploreChicago.org
*Official City of Chicago West Elsdon Community Map
Volzhsky

**Volzhsky** (masculine), **Volzhskaya** (feminine), or **Volzhskoye** (neuter) may refer to:

* Volzhsky District, name of several districts and city districts in Russia
* Volzhsky (inhabited locality) (*Volzhskaya*, *Volzhskoye*), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
* Volzhskaya (Moscow Metro), a station of the Moscow Metro, Moscow, Russia
Gage Park, Chicago

**Gage Park** is one of Chicago's 77 well-defined community areas, located on the city's southwest side. Gage Park's population is largely working-class, and its housing stock is mostly bungalows. 

For generations, the neighborhood was Eastern European and Irish Catholic. The neighborhood remains overwhelmingly Catholic with the addition of many Hispanic residents.

On February 4, 2016, the bodies of six people were discovered in a home on the 5700 block of South California Avenue.

## Other websites
* Official City of Chicago Gage Park Community Map
* Chicago Park District: Gage Park
Gage Park murders

The **Gage Park stabbings** refers to the murders of six members of the Martinez family in the Gage Park neighborhood of Chicago.

## Event
On February 4, 2016, the bodies of Noe Martinez, his wife Rosaura, their son Noe Jr., their daughter Maria, and Maria's sons, Leonardo and Alexi, were discovered in the house in Gage Park, Chicago, Illinois. Five of the victims were stabbed to death, and the sixth victim, Maria Martinez, was shot.

## Perpetrator
On May 19, 2016, police arrested Diego Uribe, a relative of the family, and his girlfriend, Jafeth Ramos, in connection to the murders, saying that the massacre was a robbery gone horribly wrong.

## References
Clearing, Chicago

**Clearing**, one of the 77 official community areas. It is located on the southwest side of the city of Chicago, Illinois. The southern portion of Chicago Midway International Airport is located within this community area.

**Chrysler Village** is on the eastern edge of the Chicago neighborhood of Clearing nestled between Midway Airport and the Clearing Industrial District.

## Other websites
* Official City of Chicago Clearing Community Map
West Lawn, Chicago

**West Lawn**, one of Chicago's 77 official community areas. It is located on the southwest side of the city. It is thought to be a "melting pot" of sorts, due to its change of races moving in and out of the area, as well as the diversity that exists there. 

It has a small town atmosphere in the big city. West Lawn is home to many Polish-Americans, Irish-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and other people of Latin American and Eastern European origin.

**Ford City** is a neighborhood on the southwest side of Chicago which immediately surrounds the Ford City Mall, in turn named for the Ford Aircraft plant.

Michael Madigan, 67th and 69th Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives, is a current resident of, and incumbent member of the Illinois House of Representatives for, West Lawn.

## References
Chicago Lawn, Chicago

**Chicago Lawn** is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the southwest side of the city. Its community neighbors include Gage Park, West Englewood, Ashburn, and West Lawn. 

It is bounded by Bell Avenue on the east, Central Park Avenue on the west, 59th Street on the north, and 75th Street on the south, and is  southwest of the Loop. Local citizens refer to the area as "Marquette Park," after the park in its center.

## Other websites
*City of Chicago—Chicago Lawn Community Map 
*Chicago Park District—Marquette Park 
*Chicago's Marquette Park Area Community Website
West Englewood, Chicago

**West Englewood**, one of the 77 community areas. It is on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois. At one time it was known as South Lynne. 

The boundaries of West Englewood are Garfield Blvd to the north, Racine Ave to the east, the CSX and Norfolk Southern RR tracks to the west, and the Belt Railway of Chicago to the south. 

Though it is a separate community area, much of the history and culture of the neighborhood is linked directly to the Englewood neighborhood.

By 2000 due to the loss of jobs, the population of West Englewood had dropped to 45,282. By that time, with demographic changes, 98% of residents were black.

## References
Antonio Valentín Angelillo

**Antonio Valentín Angelillo** (; 5 September 1937 – 5 January 2018) was an Argentine-born Italian football forward. He was born in Buenos Aires. He played the majority of his professional career in the Italian Serie A. He was a member of both the Argentine and the Italian national teams.

Angelillo died on 5 January 2018 in Siena, Italy of lung cancer at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
*Inter Archive  
* Angelillo with Boca Juniors
* Biography
Auburn Gresham, Chicago

**Auburn Gresham**, most commonly referred to simply as '"Gresham'", is one of the 77 official community areas of the city of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the far south side of the city and was the original location of the South Side Irish Parade before it was relocated to the Beverly neighborhood farther southwest in the city.

CTA red line stops at 79th St. and 87th St. are also available along the Dan Ryan Expressway in nearby Chatham.

## Other websites
*Official City of Chicago Auburn Gresham Community Map
Reino Ragnar Lehto

**Reino Ragnar Lehto** (2 May 1898 in Turku – 13 July 1966 in Helsinki) served as the caretaker Prime Minister of Finland from 18 December 1963 to 12 September 1964. He then served as governor of Uusimaa province from 1964 until his death, 13 July 1966.

## Cabinets
* Lehto Cabinet

## References
Dan Ryan Expressway

The **Dan Ryan Expressway** is a freeway in the city of Chicago that runs from the Circle Interchange with I-290 near downtown Chicago through the South Side of the city.

It is designated as both Interstate 94 and Interstate 90 south to 66th Street, a distance of . It then becomes just Interstate 94 at the split with the Chicago Skyway (which leads to Interstate 90), with a remaining distance of .

This is a total distance of . The freeway was named for Dan Ryan, Jr., a former president of the Cook County Board of Commissioners.

## References
## Other websites
* Dan Ryan Expressway (I-90 and I-94) at Steve Anderson's ChicagoRoads.com
* Historic, Current & Average Travel Times For The Dan Ryan Expressway
Kennedy Expressway

The **John F. Kennedy Expressway** is a  freeway in metropolitan Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It travels from the neighborhood of West Loop to O'Hare International Airport. The highway is named for the 35th U.S. President, John F. Kennedy.

The Interstate 90 (I-90) portion of the Kennedy is a part of the much longer I-90 (which runs  from Boston, Massachusetts to Seattle, Washington). The Kennedy's official endpoints are the Circle Interchange with Interstate 290 (Eisenhower Expressway/Congress Parkway) and the Dan Ryan Expressway (also I-90/94) at the east end, and the O'Hare Airport terminals at the west end.

With up to 327,000 vehicles traveling on some portions of the Kennedy daily, the Kennedy and its South Side extension, the Dan Ryan, are the busiest roads in Illinois.

## References
## Other websites
* John F. Kennedy Expressway (I-90 and I-94) at Steve Anderson's ChicagoRoads.com
* Historic, Current & Average Travel Times For The Kennedy Expressway
Elk Grove Village, Illinois

**Elk Grove Village** is a village in northeastern Illinois near the O'Hare International Airport and is a near northwest suburb, touching the city of Chicago.

It is one of the Chicago metropolitan area's main villages because of the large industrial park on the eastern border of the village.

The village is mostly in Cook County with a small part in DuPage County. 32,812 people lived there at the 2020 census.

A small herd of elk live at the eastern edge of the Busse Woods forest preserve in the village. The elk are maintained by the Chicago Zoological Society veterinary staff and the Busse Woods Forest Preserve wildlife biologists.

## References
Beverly, Chicago

**Beverly** is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the South Side on the southwestern edge of the city.

Sparsely settled in the middle of the 19th century. Its position on the ridge allowed the community to become an exclusive streetcar suburb, and the homes and large lots reflect this historic distinction. Beverly is located on the highest elevation in Chicago.

The neighborhood's roots are largely English and Protestant but is now home to a large Irish-American/Catholic community and many Irish establishments.

In the 2016 presidential election, Beverly cast 6,384 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 1,850 votes Donald Trump.

## References
Washington Heights, Chicago

**Washington Heights** is one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the far south side of the city. It has a population of 27,453.

The CTA red line stop at 95th St. is also available along the Dan Ryan Expressway in nearby Roseland.

Washington Heights is a stronghold of the Democratic Party. In the 2016 presidential election, Washington Heights cast 13,709 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 229 votes for Donald Trump.

## References
Mount Greenwood, Chicago

**Mount Greenwood**, located on the southwest side, is one of the seventy-seven community areas of Chicago. Mount Greenwood is about  southwest of the Loop.

It is surrounded by the neighborhoods of Beverly and Morgan Park to the east, the suburb of Evergreen Park to the north, the suburb of Oak Lawn to the west, and the suburbs of Merrionette Park and Alsip to the south. 

Mount Greenwood is known as the home of many Chicago firefighters, Chicago police officers and union workers.

## References
Merrionette Park, Illinois

**Merrionette Park** is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,969 as of the 2020 census.

Merrionette Park is located at  (41.684, -87.701).

## References
Ashburn, Chicago

**Ashburn**, one of Chicago's 77 community areas, is located on the southwest side of the city. Greater Ashburn covers nearly five square miles.

Metra's SouthWest Service provides Monday-Saturday rail service at the Ashburn railroad station.

In 1999, *The New York Times* did an article on the Ashburn neighborhood as a case study in the difficulties of neighborhood integration in Chicago. Wrightwood, to the east, was the first section of the neighborhood to integrate, becoming dominately African-American.

Timothy McCarthy, a retired member of the United States Secret Service who took a bullet for President Ronald Reagan during the assassination attempt by John Hinckley, Jr., was named interim village manager in July 2016. 

## References
## Other websites
*Official City of Chicago Ashburn Community Map
Chicago Fire Department

The **Chicago Fire Department** (**CFD**) is responsible for providing fire suppression services along with specialized technical rescue response services. The CFD also has specialized hazardous materials response services and emergency medical services within the City of Chicago, Illinois. The CFD is the third largest municipal fire department in the United States after the New York City Fire Department and Cal Fire. It is also one of the oldest major organized fire departments in the nation. It has a wide variety of general purpose and specialty vehicles, tools and equipment to provide these services. The International Association of Firefighters (IAFF) Local is Local 2.

The Chicago Fire Department receives over 500,000 emergency calls annually, most of which are medical calls.

## On television 
NBC calls it *Chicago Wednesdays,* as it shows *Chicago Med*, *Chicago Fire* and *Chicago PD* (in that order) on Wednesday evenings. On occasion, they will all share the same story line to where one show ends showing the handoff to the next show.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Bungalow

A **bungalow** is a type of building, originally developed in the Bengal region in South Asia, but now found throughout the world. The meaning of the word "bungalow" varies internationally. Common features of many bungalows include verandas and being low-rise. 

In Australia, the California bungalow associated with the United States was popular after the First World War.

In North America and the United Kingdom, a bungalow today is a house, normally detached, that may contain a small loft, many seen in Chicago and in Houston. It is either single-story or has a second story built into a sloping roof, usually with dormer windows (one-and-a-half stories).There is no security guard in the bungalow.

## References
Morgan Park, Chicago

**Morgan Park**, located on the far south side of the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is one of the city's 77 official community areas.

54.8% of the residents were black and 37.2% of the residents were white. As of that year it was, within Chicago, the black-majority area with the highest percentage of whites.

## References
## Other websites
* Official City of Chicago Morgan Park Community Map 
* Ridge Historical Society