open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 pandemic in Chile

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Chile on March 2020. 

 there is a COVID-19 outbreak in Chile. The country passed a thousand confirmed cases on 25 March 2020.

## First cases
On 3 March, The Minister of Public Health confirmed the first case of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Chile, thus making the country the fifth in Latin America to report such an instance after Brazil, Mexico, Ecuador and Argentina.

The next day, two more cases were confirmed.

## Responses
On 13 March, President Sebastián Piñera announced a ban on public events with more than 500 people, as the government tries to control the spread of coronavirus. A week later, he announced a state emergency.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Honduras on 10 March 2020. 

## Cases
The first case of COVID-19 was when two women tested positive for the disease after one of them landed on Toncontin International Airport in a flight from Madrid, Spain and the other on Ramón Villeda Morales Airport in a flight from Geneva, Switzerland.

, there are 1,685 confirmed cases in the country, 1211 in the Cortes Department, 259 in the Francisco Morazan Department, 56 in the Yoro Department, 47 in the Atlantida Department, and 42 in the Colon Department; 105 people have died and 154 have recovered from the virus and its complications.

Confirmed cases have been reported in 16 of the country's 18 departments.

## Response
Since then, the country closed all of its borders. They suspended classes at all levels of education nationwide, ordered a nationwide curfew, and price freezes for basic food items and certain medical supplies and equipment. This was done to stop prices from going up due to panic buying.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago

The **COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago** is part of the ongoing global viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed to have reached Trinidad and Tobago on 12 March 2020.

## Cases
On 12 March, Trinidad and Tobago recorded its first case of COVID-19. It was a 52-year-old man who had recently been to Switzerland. He was self-isolated before he began showing symptoms of COVID-19. Two more cases were confirmed on the night of 15 March, bringing the total to 4 cases.

On 26 March, the second reported COVID-19 death was an eighty-year-old male with pre-existing medical conditions. He was among the rescued cruise ship passengers quarantined at Camp Balandra.

## Response
On 16 March, Prime Minister Keith Rowley announced that the country will close its borders to everyone except Trinidad and Tobago nationals and health workers for the next 14 days. Additionally, bars were to be closed and the school closures extended until 20 April.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City

The Holy See reported the first case of infection in Vatican City during the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of March 2020.

Unlike other countries that report cases within a given territory or cases of residents or citizens of a territory, the Holy See reports on cases "in Vatican City State and among the employees of the Holy See" regardless of location of testing, treatment, or residence.

There are 12 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among the Vatican's residents and employees; there are no associated deaths. The 12 cases include 10 employees, 1 new hire, and 1 resident of Vatican City.

At the very end of February, Pope Francis became ill with symptoms of a cold, but he tested negative for COVID-19.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Lebanon in February 2020.

## Cases
On 21 February 2020, Lebanon confirmed its first case of COVID-19: a 45-year-old woman traveling back from Qom, Iran tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was transferred to a hospital in Beirut.

On 26 February, a second woman, who returned from Iran on the same Mahan Air flight as the first patient, also tested positive.

On 27 February, a 77-year-old Iranian man, who arrived from Iran on 24 February, tested positive in Beirut.

On 28 February, a Syrian woman tested positive and was admitted to Rafik Hariri University Hospital in Beirut.

On 29 February, the total reached 7 confirmed cases.

On 10 March, the first coronavirus-related death is recorded.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Libya

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Libya on 24 March 2020, when the first case was officially confirmed in Tripoli.

## Cases
On 24 March, Libya confirmed its first COVID-19 case, a 73-year-old man who had returned to the country in early March from a trip to Saudi Arabia.

On 2 April, Libya confirmed its first COVID-19 death. It was an 85-year-old Algerian woman.

## Weakness
Libya was seen as weak during the pandemic due to the effects from the ongoing Libyan Civil War, which has led to a horrible humanitarian situation and a destroyed national healthcare system.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium

The COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Belgium on 4 February 2020.

## Cases
The first case was when a Belgian national out of a group of nine Belgians came from Wuhan to Brussels was reported to have tested positive for the COVID-19 virus. 

The disease spreading within Belgium was then confirmed early March, and was linked to holidaymakers returning from Northern Italy at the end of the half-term holidays.

As of 14 May 2020, there had been 54,288 confirmed cases reported by the Belgian authorities, with a total of 8,924 deaths and 14,111 discharged patients. As of 14 May, 1,966 people in Belgian hospitals were suffering from COVID-19, including 407 in intensive care. The actual number of victims could have been higher due to limited testing.

## Notes
## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Sweden on 31 January 2020.

## Cases
The first case when a woman returning from Wuhan tested positive. On 26 February, following outbreaks in Italy and in Iran, multiple travel-related appeared in Sweden. The disease began to spread in the country was on 9 March in the Stockholm region. Since then, individuals in every län (county) have tested positive for COVID-19.

The first death was reported on 11 March in Stockholm, a case of community transmission.

## Response
Sweden has not created a lockdown, unlike many other countries, and kept large parts of its society open. 

The Public Health Agency issued recommendations to: if possible, work from home; avoid unnecessary travel within the country; to engage in social distancing; and for people above 70 to stay at home, as much as possible. 

## Testing and numbers
Sweden began testing for the virus in January, and by early May, about 148,000 tests had been performed. , there were 27,909 confirmed cases, of which 1,768 received intensive care, and 3,460 deaths related to COVID-19 in Sweden.

## Notes
## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

In February and March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019, health authorities in Poland began laboratory testing of suspected cases of infection by SARS-CoV-2, one of the seven known human coronaviruses, as well as home quarantining and monitoring. 

## Cases
The first case of a laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland was that of a man hospitalized in Zielona Góra, with confirmation announced officially on 4 March 2020. 

The local transmission phase of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland was declared to the World Health Organization on 10 March. 

The first death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Poland was that of a 56-year-old woman on 12 March. 

## European help
Polish authorities did not take part in the 28 February 2020 European Union procedure for purchasing COVID-19 pandemic related medical equipment, in which 20 other member states participated. Poland applied on 6 March for the 17 March tender for the purchase of gloves, goggles, face shields, surgical masks and protective clothing.

## Numbers
, there were 16,921 laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, 839 deaths,

## Response
Lockdown-type control measures started on 10–12 March, closing schools and university classes and cancelling mass events, and were strengthened on 25 March. It limited non-family gatherings to two people and religious gatherings to six and did not allow any non-essential travel. 

## Deaths
Death counts initially only included deaths from lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Starting on 1 April 2020, deaths that were clinically diagnosed as COVID-19 , people in Poland who died in quarantine from suspected COVID-19 were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 in their autopsy.

## Testing and lockdown
, there were 269,307 people under quarantine for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and 42,783 SARS-CoV-2 tests had been made since the beginning of testing. The lockdown restrictions were tightened starting on 31 March–1 April, making  individuals walking in streets to be separated by two metres, closing parks, boulevards, beaches, hairdressers and beauty salons. 

## References
V.Flash

The **V.Flash** (known as **V.Smile Pro** in Europe; stylized as **V.FLASH HOME EDUTAINMENT SYSTEM**) is a seventh-generation educational home video game console. It is a spinoff of the V.Smile series of video game consoles and was manufactured and released by VTech. Unlike the V.Smile, the game console uses 3D graphics and is designed for kids aged 5+.

It was revealed at the 2006 London Toy Fair, and came out in September 2006.

## Games
Not many games were made for the console because it was not very successful. All games came out in the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, France and Germany, except for of Bratz Fashion Pixiez: The Secret Necklace, which did not come out in the United Kingdom and Germany, Multisports, which was exclusive to Germany, and Scooby-Doo!: Ancient Adventure, which did not come out in Germany.

There are **10** titles known to have been released;

* Although the name is in English, Multisports was exclusive to Europe and no English version exists.

## CDs
Unlike most other consoles that use CD-ROMs, this system's CD-ROMs are inside a plastic case to protect them from damage from touching, similar to 3.5" floppy disks or UMDs. The discs use the ISO 9660 file system, without any copy protection other than a simple sensor in the case jacket, making it possible to make a disc image from the disc. However, there are no known cases of piracy involving the V.Flash. Because of this, the V.Flash can also play audio CDs and user-recorded CD-Rs using the disc adapter that comes with the console.

## Other hardware
The console's CPU is an ARM9 CPU from LSI Logic. Files are stored in 3 main formats: .mjp, .ptx, and .snd. .snd files are actually PCM WAV files.

The console can render 1.5 million polygons per second and has a 32 bit CPU, making the console directly comparable to fifth-generation game consoles, such as the PlayStation.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Site
* ARM Processor 
* Vtech V.Flash Educational Line 
* http://dso.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=177100739 
* V.Flash reverse engineering 
* VFlash technical details and reverse-engineering
* V.Smile Shop Archived from the Wayback Machine on December 27th, 2013
COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Zimbabwe in March 2020. As of 4 August, there are 4,221 confirmed cases, 81 deaths, and 1,238 recoveries.

## Weakness
Some of Zimbabwe's provinces, especially Manicaland, Masvingo and Mashonaland East, also struggled with a malaria outbreak at the same time. Though malaria is treatable, the healthcare system faces drug shortages and increase strain with the spread of COVID-19.

## Cases
On 21 March Zimbabwe reported its first COVID-19 case: a male resident of Victoria Falls who traveled back from the UK via South Africa on 15 March. 

Two more cases in the country were confirmed on 21 March, both cases were in Harare. On the 23 March, it was confirmed that noted Zimbabwean journalist Zororo Makamba was the first person in the country to die from the virus.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Syria

The COVID-19 pandemic was first recorded to have arrived in Syria on 14 March 2020. The first case was confirmed on 22 March. 

## Cases
The first case of COVID-19 in Syria possibly came from Pakistan where 8 individuals with a travel history including Syria were confirmed to have the virus.

## Weakness
Syria is considered very weak to the epidemic due to the ongoing civil war and horrible humanitarian situation.

## Response
According to the Syrian Ministry of Health, there are 5 labs that are able to test for the coronavirus located in 4 governorates.

According to the Syrian Ministry of Health, There are 32 quarantine centers for suspected COVID-19 cases located in 13 governorates (All governorates Except Idlib).

According to the Syrian Ministry of Health, there are 13 Treatment centers dedicated for COVID-19 patients located in 11 governorates.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Switzerland on 25 February 2020 when the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed following a COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. 

## Cases
The first case was a 70-year-old man in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino which borders Italy, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The man had previously visited Milan. Afterwards, multiple cases related to the Italy areas were discovered in multiple cantons, including Basel-City, Zürich, and Graubünden. 

Multiple isolated cases not related to the Italy clusters were also confirmed.

## Response
On 28 February, the national government, the Federal Council, banned all events with more than 1,000 participants. On 16 March, schools and most shops were closed nationwide, and on 20 March, all gatherings of more than five people in public spaces were banned. The government also put restrictions on border crossings. They also announced economic support measures worth 40 billion Swiss francs.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Ethiopia on 13 March 2020.

## Cases
On 13 March, the first coronavirus case was reported in the country and the victim later was a Japanese citizen. The process of contact tracing is currently taking place.

On 28 March, the Ministry of Health reported that one patient has fully recovered from the virus.

On 30 March, the Prime Minister said in a statement that the total number of cases in the country has risen to 23.

## Response
Ethiopia will not be enforcing a travel ban, with Tadesse stating that the virus is in 134 countries, and enforcing a travel ban will not work.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to the Netherlands on 27 February 2020.

## Cases
The first COVID-19 case was confirmed in Tilburg. It was a 56-year-old Dutchman who had arrived in the Netherlands from Italy. As of 14 May, there are 43,481 confirmed cases of infection and 5,590 confirmed COVID-19-deaths.

## Response
Measures were taken by the Rutte III cabinet for the public health to prevent the spread of this virus disease, including the “intelligent lockdown”.

## Testing
By mid-March, the country could test about 1,000 samples per day, which is less than other European countries. This explains the large number of deaths in COVID cases there.

## Notes
## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar

The first case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar was confirmed on 27 February 2020. As of May 14, Qatar has the 2nd highest number of confirmed cases in the Arab World at 26,539 and the highest number of confirmed cases. The total recoveries stand at 3,143, with 14 deaths.

## Cases
On February 27, Qatar reported its first confirmed case of Coronavirus (COVID-19). The patient was a passenger who had come from Iran to Qatar in a Qatar Airways Flight.

## Criticism
Qatar state television named and shamed 14 nationals who violated restrictions set to curb the spread of the coronavirus, adding that nine of the persons had been arrested by authorities.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen

The first confirmed case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen was announced on 10 April 2020 in Hadhramaut. Organizations called the news a "devastating blow" and a "nightmare scenario" because of the country's lack of healthcare and human rights.

## Cases
The first case was confirmed on 10 April, the patient was a 60-year-old man in the southern oil-producing region of Hadhramaut. 

On 29 April, Yemen recorded five new cases of coronavirus, including two deaths, all in the southern Yemeni port city of Aden.

## Statistics
## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Austria

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to Austria on 25 February 2020, when a pair of cases were confirmed. 

## Cases
The first cases involved a 24-year-old man and a 24-year-old woman who were travelling from Lombardy, Italy, and were treated at a hospital in Innsbruck.

On 12 March 2020, Austria confirmed the first death of COVID-19, a 69-year-old man from Vienna died in Vienna's Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital.

## Response
On 10 March 2020, the government announced that all universities would close their classes at the latest by 16 March. 

All outdoor events with more than 500 people and all indoor events with more than 100 people were cancelled. All children older than 14 years old were ordered to stay at home, starting 15 March, with the younger children starting 17 March. This applied until 4 April. 

Travel restrictions for people coming from Italy are created. The government asked the general public to avoid social contact and announced even further restrictions to be made soon.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka

The COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed in Sri Lanka on 27 January 2020, after a 44-year-old Chinese woman from Hubei Province in China was admitted to the National Institute of Infection Diseases.

As of 13 May 2020, 889 confirmed cases were reported in the country with 9 deaths. On 3 March 2020, the first reported case involving a Sri Lankan origin outside Sri Lanka was reported in Italy. 

By 23 March, forty-five quarantine centers had been built in the country by the Sri Lanka Army. Nearly 3,500 people were under quarantine in 45 quarantine centers which also included 31 foreigners from 14 countries.

By 25 March 2020, Sri Lankan authorities tracked down over 14,000 people who had contacted the identified patients and had ordered self-quarantine for such people.

As of 16 April 2020, Sri Lanka was named as 16th high risk country prone to virus pandemic. Sri Lanka was ranked 9th best country in the world for its successful immediate response on tackling the virus.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal

The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal was confirmed on 24 January 2020 in Kathmandu District. 

## Cases
The first patient in Nepal showed mild symptoms and was released a week earlier and told to self-quarantine at home. Between January and March, Nepal took steps to prevent a widespread outbreak of the disease. The second case was confirmed on 23 March 2020 in Kathmandu. The first case of local transmission was confirmed on 4 April in Kailali District. , a total of 246 cases have been confirmed, affecting 22 districts in six provinces. Thirty two of them have been confirmed recovered.

## Response
A country-wide lockdown came into effect from 24 March through 18 May.

Nepal created health-desks at the international airport as well as on border checkpoints with India, starting in mid-January. Land borders with India as well as China were later completely sealed off.

Nepal cancelled its international promotional activities related to Visit Nepal Year 2020. Its economy is expected to be severely affected by the pandemic due to its impact on foreign employment, tourism, manufacturing, construction and trade. 

There have been more cases among Nepalese abroad than at home, with 2,000 confirmed cases globally, and dozens of deaths.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Indonesia on 2 March 2020, after a dance instructor and her mother tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.

## Cases 
The first cases included a dance instructor and her mother in Depok, West Java. Both were infected from a Japanese national. By 9 April, the pandemic had spread to all 34 provinces in the country after Gorontalo confirmed its first case, with Jakarta, West Java, and Central Java being the worst-hit.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Bangladesh in March 2020. 

## Cases
The first three known cases were reported on 7 March 2020 by the country's epidemiology institute IEDCR. Infections remained low until the end of March but saw a large rise in April.
In the week of 11 April, new cases in Bangladesh grew 1,155%, the highest in Asia, ahead of Indonesia with 186%.

, there were a total of **18,863** confirmed cases besides **3,361** recovered & **283** deaths in the country of which **14** people had died in the last 24 hours.

## Criticisms
Experts criticised the lack of amount of tests performed in the country that has a population of over 160 million. 

Newspaper reports and social media continued to report about additional deaths of patients with COVID-19 symptoms. Some of the deceased were treated at COVID-19 isolation centres at hospitals in the districts and others were denied treatment, though no tests were given to confirm contagion. 

## Response
On 22 March, Bangladesh declared a 10-day shut down effective from 26 March to 4 April. This was later increased to 5 May

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 10 March 2020. The first few confirmed cases were all outside arrivals.

## Response
Schools, bars, restaurants, and places of worship were closed. On 19 March, President Félix Tshisekedi announced flight suspensions. On 24 March, he announced a state of emergency and closed the borders.

## References
Joseph Jouthe

**Joseph Jouthe** (born October 17, 1961) is a Haitian politician. He became the twenty-second Prime Minister of Haiti on March 4, 2020.

Jouthe was born on October 17, 1961 in Thomonde.

In September 2018, he became the Minister of the Environment under the government of Jean-Henry Céant. In September 2019, he became the acting Minister of Economy and Finance.

On March 2, 2020, Jouthe was named Prime Minister of Haiti, beginning his term two days later.

## References
Sylvestre Ilunga

**Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba** (born 1947) is a Congolese politician. He was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in May 2019. He has had a long political career going back to the 1970s.

Ilunga has also been the secretary general of Congo's national railway company. He is an ally of former President Joseph Kabila.

He resigned in February 2021.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the Republic of the Congo in March 2020.

The country's first case was announced on 14 March, a 50-year-old man who returned to the Republic of the Congo from Paris, France. Two more cases were detected on 19 March. As of 31 March, there were 19 cases in Republic of the Congo.

The country reported its first two deaths on 31 March.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates

The first confirmed case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates was never announced. It was the first country in the Middle East to not report a confirmed case. The first patient, a 73-year-old Chinese woman, was released on 9 February after recovering. 

The first two deaths were confirmed on 20 March. Two days later, Dubai started an 11-day quarantine campaign as an effort to contain the coronavirus. 

Night curfew was added 4 days later while the country began disinfection. School closure was first announced on March 8 for 4 weeks. 3 weeks later, it was announced that school would be closed until the end of the academic year.

## References
Louise of Orléans

**Princess Louise of Orléans** (*Louise Marie Thérèse Charlotte Isabelle*; 3 April 1812 - 11 October 1850) was the eldest daughter of King Louis Philippe I of the French and from August 1832 the second wife of Leopold I of Belgium, himself the first King of the Belgians. She was also the mother of the future King Leopold II of Belgium, who is known to history for his exploitation of the Belgian Congo. Her future husband was an uncle of the future Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert. Louise's mother was also a niece of Marie Antoinette.

## Children
# Louis Philippe, Crown Prince of Belgium (24 July 1833 – 16 May 1834), died young.
# Leopold II of the Belgians (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909), married Marie Henriette of Austria and had children.
# Prince Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders (24 March 1837 – 17 November 1905), married Princess Marie of Hohenzollern and had children.
# Princess Charlotte of Belgium, (7 June 1840 – 19 January 1927), married Maximilian I of Mexico, no children.

## Titles and styles
* ** 3 April 1812 &ndash; 9 August 1830:** *Her Most Serene Highness* Mademoiselle d'Orléans, Princess of the French royal blood.
* ** 9 August 1830 &ndash; 9 August 1832:** *Her Royal Highness* Princess Louise of Orléans.
* ** 9 August 1832 &ndash; 11 October 1850:** *Her Majesty* The Queen of the Belgians.
COVID-19 pandemic in Angola

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Angola in late March 2020, with its first two cases confirmed on 21 March.

## Response
Beginning in 20 March, all Angolan borders were closed for 15 days. President João Lourenço banned all arrivals at airports and stopped passenger vessels docking at Angolan ports for 15 days. All these bans lasted until 4 April.

## Cases
On 21 March, the Ministry of Health confirmed the first two positive COVID-19 cases. The two cases had returned from Portugal.

On 29 March, the first two coronavirus-related deaths were recorded, while the total number of confirmed cases rose to seven.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti

The **COVID-19 pandemic** was confirmed to have reached **Haiti** in March 2020. As of 12 May 2020, there are 209 total confirmed cases, 176 active cases, 1,311 suspected cases, with 16 deaths and 17 recoveries.

## Cases
On 19 March, the first two COVID-19 cases in the country were confirmed.

On 5 April, the country confirmed its first death from COVID-19.

## Response
On 16 March, at midnight local time, Haiti's Prime Minister, Joseph Jouthe, announced a two-week suspension of flights from Europe, Canada, the Dominican Republic, and Latin America.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria

The Chinese pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Algeria in February 2020.

## Cases
On 25 February, Algeria laboratory-confirmed its first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an Italian man who arrived on 17 February. Algeria deported him back to Italy, via a special flight from Hassi Messaoud Airport where he was quarantined.

On 2 March, Algeria confirmed two new cases of SARS-CoV-2, a woman and her daughter, the health ministry said.

On 12 March, five new cases of COVID-19, including the first death, aged 78 and placed in isolation at Blida hospital. Two cases having stayed in France, one in the Souk-Ahras province, the other in the Tizi-Ouzou province and three in that of Blida province. the total number of confirmed cases is 26 adding a woman in of Skikda having stayed in France was announced. On the same day, schools were locked due to the coronavirus spread.

As of 1 July, there are 14,272 confirmed cases, 920 deaths, and 10,040 recoveries.
## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Benin

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Benin in March 2020.

On 16 March, the first COVID-19 case in the country was confirmed in Porto-Novo, the capital of Benin. 

Three days later, the second confirmed case was reported. The city suspended many international flights and people coming into the country by air were being kept under 14 days' mandatory isolation. People in Benin were told to wear masks and go outside home only if required.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Malaysia in January 2020, when it was detected on travelers from China arriving through Singapore on 25 January, following the outbreak of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. 

Reported cases remained low until small groups began to emerge in March; the largest group was linked to a Tablighi Jamaat religious gathering held in Sri Petaling, Kuala Lumpur in late February and early March, leading to massive spikes in local cases and an exportation of cases to neighbouring countries. 

Within a few weeks, Malaysia had recorded the largest number of confirmed COVID-19 infections in Southeast Asia, passing over the 2,000 mark in active cases by the end of March from fewer than 30 at the start of the month. 

By 16 March, the virus is reported in every state and federal territory in the country.

Measures to combat the outbreak were later announced by the Prime Minister of Malaysia Muhyiddin Yassin through a live nationwide telecast on 13 March 2020; by 16 March, a nationwide "Movement Control Order" (MCO) through social distancing, was announced to last between 18 and 31 March. 

As of 14 July 2021, the country reports a total of 867,567 confirmed cases, 101,359 active cases, 759,705 recoveries and 6,503 deaths.

Well-known people diagnosed with Covid-19 include former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey

The **COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey** is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus&nbsp;2 (). 

The disease was confirmed to have reached Turkey on 11 March 2020, after a man who had returned to Turkey from Europe, tested positive. 

The first death due to COVID-19 in the country was on 15 March 2020 and by 1 April it was confirmed that COVID-19 had spread all over Turkey. On 14 April 2020, the head of the Turkish Ministry of Health Fahrettin Koca announced that the spread of the virus in Turkey has reached its peak in the fourth weak and started to slow down.

, the total number of confirmed total cases in the country is over 143,100 of which 101,700 have recovered and 4,000 have died. On 18 April 2020, the country's total number of Covid-19 tests were positive and passed those of Iran, making it the highest in the Middle East. 

Turkey also passed China in confirmed total cases on 20 April 2020. The rapid increase of the confirmed cases in Turkey was said because of the country's poor healthcare system.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Ukraine when its first case was confirmed to be hospitalized in Chernivtsi Oblast on 3 March 2020. It was a man who had travelled from Italy to Romania by plane and then arrived in Ukraine by car.

As of 20 March, an emergency was declared in Kyiv Oblast, Chernivtsi Oblast, Zhytomyr Oblast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast and in the city of Kyiv.

Statistics for the Russian-held Crimea and city of Sevastopol, and for the unrecognized Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic in eastern Ukraine are not reported by Ukraine.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached North Macedonia in February 2020.

## Cases
The first case in the country was mainly connected with the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy as there are about 70,000 residents of Italy from North Macedonia. This resulted in many people returning to North Macedonia, bringing the virus with them. It was confirmed in 26 February.

## References
Radhacharan Debbarma

**Radhacharan Debbarma** (born 10 January 1963) is an Indian Politician and former chief executive member of TTAADC. He is a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and present day he serving as Secretary of Ganamukti Parishad., Ganamukti Parishad is a tribal wing of the Communist party.

His term expired on 17 May 2020 and the election was postponed for the global COVID-19 pandemic, TTAADC is currently under Governor's rule.

## Early life
He was born on 10 January 1963 in a middle-class family in Indian state Tripura. He also served as General Secretary of Tribal Students' Union. He had done his graduation from *Maharaja Bir Bikram College* and Master's degree in History from Calcutta University.

## Political career
Debbarma showing interest in politics from his early life. He serving 2 terms as Executive Member of TTAADC from 1995-2000 and again 2005-2015. In 2015 Tripura Tribal Area Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) election he won his seat by a margin of 8901 votes and led his government.

## References
## Other websites
* CPI(M) Tripura State Committee
COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria

The first confirmed case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria was announced on February 27 2020, when an Italian citizen in Lagos tested positive for the virus SARS-CoV-2.

On March 9, 2020, a second case of the virus was reported in Ewekoro, Ogun State, in a Nigerian citizen who had contact with the Italian citizen.

On March 23, there were ten new cases: six in Lagos State, three in the FCT and one in Edo State. They also confirmed their first death, a 67-year-old Suleiman Achimugu.

## Economics
Nigeria is Africa's largest economy, and it has a large oil industry.  It was hit hard when oil prices fell below zero in spring 2020 because of the pandemic.

According to the World Data Lab, the coronavirus pandemic is bad for Africa's middle class.  According to one economist from the Africa and the Middle East at Standard Chartered Bank, a middle-class person is someone who is not rich but does have a steady income.  One of the industries that has helped Africa's middle class rise over the past 30 years is tourism, and many countries closed borders and encouraged people not to travel.  Experts say this is especially bad because a strong middle class lifts the whole country.

## Statistics
### By states
## Related pages 
* COVID-19 pandemic in Africa

## References
## Other websites 
*
COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas

The **COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas** is part of the COVID-19 pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 

## Background
The outbreak was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, declared to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, and recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. It was confirmed to have reached the Bahamas on 15 March 2020 with the announcement of the first case.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Romania

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Romania on February 26, 2020, with the first confirmed case in Gorj County.

As of May 14, the Romanian Government reports 14,066 people put in quarantine, a further 18,118 in home isolation under medical supervision, and 286,217 tests having been processed.

On February 21, following a COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, the Romanian government announced a 14-day quarantine for citizens returning from the affected regions.

On February 26, the Minister of Education and Research required schools to spread awareness about coronavirus.

On March 14, after over 101 people have been diagnosed with coronavirus, Romania entered the third COVID-19 scenario. The third scenario goes from 101 to 2,000 cases.

On April 7, a 53 year old paramedic from Suceava became the first reported casualty among Romanian medical personnel. As of April 18, there were over a thousand infected medical staff in the country.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Niger

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Niger in March 2020. Amnesty International reported that journalists have been arrested over reporting about the pandemic.

On 19 March, the first case in the country was confirmed in Niamey, being a 36-year-old man from Nigeria. He had travelled to Lomé, Accra, Abidjan and Ouagadougou.

Niger reported a total of 7 cases on March 25, including the first death related to COVID-19 in the country (24 March). The death happened in Niamey, being a 63-year old Nigerian national.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Palestine

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to the West Bank on 5 March 2020, beginning the COVID-19 pandemic in Palestine. 

## Cases
The Palestinian health ministry said the cases had first been detected at a hotel in the Bethlehem area, where a group of Greek tourists had visited the hotel in late February. Two of them were later diagnosed with the virus.

The first two cases in Gaza City, Gaza were diagnosed on 21 March. There are 20 cases as of 13 May 2020, 14 of whom have recovered as of the same date.

## Statistics
The table below shows the confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Governorates of Palestine.

## Related pages
* COVID-19 pandemic in the Gaza Strip

## Notes
## References
Jürgen Osterhammel

**Jürgen Osterhammel** (born 1952 in Wipperfürth, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German historian specialized in world history.

## Academia
Osterhammel started his academic career as a research fee student at the London School of Economics in 1976/77 and studied and worked there under Professor Ian Nish. In 1980 he obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Kassel (Germany) in modern history. Two years later he started as a fellow at the German Historical Institute in London. Between 1986 and 1990 he was a senior lecturer in political science at the University of Freiburg (Germany). He then worked for seven years as professor of modern history at the *FernUniversität Hagen*, a distance-learning university in Germany. He has also worked as a professor of modern history at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva and the in the same position in the University of Konstanz (Germany) in 1999. In 2001-2002 he was a fellow at the *Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study* in the Humanities and Social Sciences. In 2004 he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea. In 2014 he was elected a Corresponding Fellow of the *British Academy*.

## Awards
In 2018 he received the *Balzan Prize* for Global History "For his fundamental contribution to studies in global history and the definition of the discipline. For his method, which combines the rigour of empirical research while opening onto wide perspectives in an admirably balanced way, both through comparison and through the study of interconnected histories. For his elegant, fascinating style of writing."

Earlier (2017), he won the Balzan Prize.

## Areas of Research
*Colonialism
*Eurasian history since the 18th century
*History and theory of historiography
*World or global history

## Selected bibliography
* 
* 
* *Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview* (2nd edn., Princeton 2005)
* *Globalization: A Short History* (with Niels P. Petersson, Princeton 2005)
* *The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century* (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014)
* *Decolonization: A Short History* (with Jan C. Jansen, Princeton University Press, 2017)

## Other websites
*Jurgen Osterhammel on Amazon
*Detailed interview with J. Osterhammel in the journal Itinerario

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Morocco on 2 March 2020, when the first case COVID-19 case was confirmed in Casablanca. It involved a Moroccan living in Bergamo, Italy who arrived from Italy on 27 February 2020.

A second case was confirmed later that same day involving an 89-year-old woman Moroccan living in Italy who had returned to Morocco on 25 February 2020 from Bologna, Italy. She subsequently died on 10 March 2020.

After the two cases confirmed on 2 March 2020, a third case was confirmed on 10 March 2020, a French tourist who arrived in Marrakesh. On 11 March 2020, it was announced that the wife and daughter of the French tourist also tested positive, bringing the total cases to 5.

On 13 March, the government decided to shut down all schools, effective March 16 until further notice.

Morocco declared a state of medical emergency on 19 March 2020, to take effect on 20 March 2020 at 6:00 pm local time and to remain in effect until April 20, 2020 with possibility to extend for a longer period.

## Timeline
## Notes
## References
Zaatari

**Zaatari refugee camp** is a refugee camp. It is located in Jordan, about  from the Syrian border.  It is one of the world's largest refugee camps. it is the world's largest camp for Syrian refugees. It developed into a permanent setltement, with a main street, and a market along the main street. In August 2015, UNHCR estimated a population of 79.900 people. The camp covers an  area of about .  Over time, Zaatari  has grown to be Jordan's fourth-largest settlement.
## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Togo

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Togo in March 2020.

On 6 March, Togolese authorities announced the first COVID-19 case, a 42-year-old Togolese woman who travelled between Germany, France, Turkey, and Benin before returning to Togo. On this date, it was reported that she was being treated in isolation and her condition was stable.

On 20 March, nine more cases were confirmed in Togo. 

On 21 March, seven more cases were confirmed. All borders to the country were closed. The cities of Lomé, Tsévié, Kpalimé, and Sokodé have been quarantined starting on 20 March for two weeks.

On 27 March, the first death occurred.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Ivory Coast in March 2020.

On 11 March, Ivory Coast recorded its first case of COVID-19. It was an Ivory Coast national who had recently been to Italy. 

On 16 March, the government announced that the total number of confirmed cases had risen to six, and that the patient identified on 11 March had made a recovery. Ivory Coast also suspended flights for countries that had more than 100 cases for 15 days, only allowing citizens and residents, and closed all schools for an initial 30 days.

On 20 March, the government announced five more confirmed cases, bringing the total number to 14. The same day the government decided to close all borders from midnight on 22 March until further notice.

On 27 March, 5 new cases were confirmed, bringing the total over the 100 benchmark with a total of 101 cases along with 2 patients recovering, thus bringing the total of recovered to 3. 

A 58-year-old female patient with diabetes, in a coma since 25 March, became the first death.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana

The first two cases related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana were confirmed on 12 March 2020, when two people returned from Norway and Turkey.

On 11 March, President Nana Akufo-Addo announced a budget increase of an equal amount to $US100 million available to increase Ghana's coronavirus and response plan.

Traveling to Ghana had been strongly discouraged until further notice from countries where at least 200 cases of COVID-19 were recorded was declared.

On 15 March, President Nana Akufo-Addo banned all public gatherings including conferences, education facilities, workshops, funerals, festivals, political rallies, church activities and other related events to reduce the spread of COVID-19.

On 12 November, the country's first president Jerry Rawlings died from the infection in Accra, aged 73.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (the Turkish-Cypriot-controlled *de facto* state made up of the north of the island), in March 2020.

On 10 March 2020, Health Minister Ali Pilli announced the Northern Cyprus's first case of COVID-19, a 65-year-old tourist from Germany.

On 12 March, the country's second case was confirmed, being the spouse of the German tourist who became the first person diagnosed with COVID-19.

On 17 March, the 2020 presidential election was delayed for 6 months due to the outbreak.

On 24 March, over 840 German national tourists were sent back to Germany after being quarantined for 14 days.

On 28 March, the first person died from COVID-19.

On May 11 the last coronavirus patient had been discharged from hospital and there was no active case left.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Cyprus in March 2020. 

On 9 March 2020, Cyprus confirmed its first two cases: a 25-year-old man from Limassol who had returned from Italy and a 64-year-old health professional from Nicosia who had returned from the UK.

On 21 March, the first death was confirmed.

On 30 April, 7 new cases were confirmed. According to the updated statistics released by the Ministry of Health, a total of 296 people have recovered.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Albania

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Albania on **8 March 2020**, a father and son who had travelled from Florence, Italy. 

As of 10 September 2020, there are 10,860 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Albania.

## Cases
After the first case was reported on 8 March, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection stated that a total of 65 people had been tested for COVID-19, 2 of whom were positive the following day.

On 10 March, President Ilir Meta called for retired Albanian doctors to re-enter the work force. Later that day, it was discovered that a Maryland woman had contracted novel coronavirus after visiting Albania, as well as spending time in a Turkish airport.

The first death was also reported, an elderly woman in Durrës on 12 March.

## Response
On 12 March, Prime Minister Edi Rama declared a "war" on COVID-19.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Burkina Faso on 9 March 2020. 

The death of Rose Marie Compaoré, a member of the National Assembly of Burkina Faso, on 18 March marked the first recorded COVID-19 fatality in Sub-Saharan Africa.

On 9 March 2020, the first two cases in the country were reported in Burkina Faso.

On 13 March, the third case was also confirmed, is a person who has had direct contact with the first two cases.

On 14 March, 7 cases confirmed in the country. Five of the new confirmed cases have had direct contact with the first two cases. One is an English national currently working in a gold mine in the Burkina Faso and who went to vacation in Liverpool, returning on 10 March, with transits through Vancouver and Paris.

On 15 March, 8 new cases were confirmed according to a statement from the Ministry of Health, bringing the total number of cases to 15.

On 17 March, 20 total cases were confirmed.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Liberia in March 2020.

On 16 March, the first case in Liberia was confirmed, a government official who traveled from Switzerland. President George Weah controversially named the person, and claimed they violated screening protocols at Roberts International Airport (RIA) in Harbel.

The second case was confirmed on 17 March, a close contact of the first case.

Liberia's third case of COVID-19 was confirmed on 20 March. The third person was a returned traveler. Following this third case, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare declared a national health emergency on 22 March.

On 27 March, the U.S. Embassy evacuated some U.S. citizens from Liberia.

On 1 April, the European Union organized a charter flight evacuating its citizens.

Liberia reported its first death on 4 April.

## References