open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Columba

**Saint Columba** (Irish *Colm Cille*, "Columb of the Church"; 7 December, 521–9 June, 597) was an Irish priest and missionary. He left Ireland in 563 AD on his mission to bring Christianity to Dál Riata, now western Scotland. He built the famous monastery on the Island of Iona which became known as a "holy island'. His mother was Eithne of the Uí Néill clan. He ed the Irish monasteries at Derry and at Durrow, County Offaly. His mission to Scotland may have been more a case of penance for a battle he may have caused. He refused to return a copy of the Gospels he had copied without permission. He upset the king of Ireland by his refusal, which led to a battle won by his clan. Books on his life began being written a century later. The best known of these was written by Adomnán sometime between 697 and 700. He was proclaimed a saint before the modern process of canonization.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Text of "The Life of Columba*, by Adomnán of Iona
* Text of *The Life of St. Columba'', author unknown
David Margulies

**David Joseph Margulies** (February 19, 1937 &ndash; January 11, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as the Mayor of New York City in *Ghostbusters* and in *Ghostbusters II* and as Neil Mink in *The Sopranos*.

## References
## Other websites
* David Margulies at Internet Broadway Database
*
Tom Latham

**Thomas Paul "Tom" Latham** (born July 14, 1948) is an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for  serving from 2013 through 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. On December 17, 2013, Latham announced he would not seek reelection next term, becoming the third member of the House to announce his retirement on the same day (along with Rep. Frank Wolf from Virginia and Utah Rep. Jim Matheson).

## References
Piet Steenkamp

**Petrus Antonius Josephus Maria** "**Piet**" **Steenkamp** (8 March 1925 &ndash; 8 January 2016) was a Dutch politician and economist. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), which he co-founded. He was President of the Senate from 1983 to 1991. He was born in Uithoorn, North Holland.

Steenkamp died on 8 January 2016 in Eindhoven, North Brabant, aged 90.

## References
Andrew Smith

**Andrew Smith** (September 9, 1990 &ndash; January 12, 2016) was an American basketball player. He was a center. He played college basketball for the Butler Bulldogs (Butler University) from 2009 to 2013. He played professionally for BC Neptūnas in Lithuania from 2013 to 2014. He was born in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Smith died from non-Hodgkin lymphoma on January 12, 2016 in Indianapolis, at the age of 25.

## References
## Other websites
* Official profile  at Butler Sports
Robert M. Cundick

**Robert Milton Cundick, Sr.** (1926 &ndash; January 7, 2016) was an American Latter-day Saint composer. He served for many years as an organist at the Salt Lake Tabernacle. At this role, he was a member of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. He also played organ solos on the weekly broadcast, *Music and the Spoken Word*. He retired in 1991. After this, Cundick and his wife became Directors of Hosting at the BYU Jerusalem Center in Jerusalem, Israel. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Cundick died on January 7, 2016 at the age of 89.

## References
Arthur S. Obermayer

**Arthur S. Obermayer** (July 17, 1931 &ndash; January 10, 2016) was an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. He was the founder and president of the Moleculon Research Corporation. He was a co-founder of Partners for Progressive Israel and the Obermayer German Jewish History Awards.

Obermayer was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He came from a German Jewish family. He was married to Judith Obermayer and had three children.

Obermayer died from cancer on January 10, 2016 in Dedham, Massachusetts, aged 84.

## References
Yusuf Zuayyin

**Yusuf Zuayyin** (&lrm;; 1931 &ndash; 10 January 2016) was a Syrian politician. He was a member of the Ba'ath Party. He served as Prime Minister from 1965 and, again, from 1966 to 1968. He was born in Al-Bukamal.

Zuayyin died after a long illness on 10 January 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden. He was 84.

## References
J. F. R. Jacob

**Jacob Farj Rafael Jacob** (14 June 1923 &ndash; 13 January 2016) was an Indian Army Lieutenant General. He was best known for the role he played in India's victory in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the Liberation of Bangladesh. Jacob, then a Major General, served as the Chief of Staff of the Indian Army's  Eastern Command during the war. He also served in World War II and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. He was the Governor of Goa and Punjab. He was also the administrator of Chandigarh between November 1999 and November 2003.

Jacob was born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), Bengal Presidency, British India. His family were Baghdadi Jews from Iraq.

Jacob died from pneumonia on 13 January 2016 in New Delhi, aged 92.

## References
Stella Gibbons

**Stella Dorothea Gibbons** (5 January 1902 – 19 December 1989) was an English author and poet. She won the Prix Femina for her novel *Cold Comfort Farm*.

## References
Carotenoid

is due to carotenoid molecules, produced by mats of algae and bacteria.]]

**Carotenoids** (or **tetraterpenoids**) are organic pigments. They are found in the chloroplasts and chromoplasts of plants, and also some bacteria and fungi. 

The only animals known to produce carotenoids are aphids and mites, which got the genes from fungi. 

There are over 600 known carotenoids. They are of two types, xanthophylls (which contain oxygen) and carotenes (which are purely hydrocarbons with no oxygen). 

Carotenoids have two key roles in plants and algae: they absorb light energy for use in photosynthesis, and they protect chlorophyll from photodamage. Beta-carotene is the most common form in plants. 

Some carotenoids (like β-carotene) have vitamin A activity (so they can convert to retinol). These and other carotenoids can also act as antioxidants. In the eye, certain other carotenoids (lutein, astaxanthin, and zeaxanthin) apparently act directly to absorb damaging blue and near-ultraviolet light. This protects the macula of the retina, the part of the eye with the sharpest vision.

Carotenoids in food (for people); "most of the 40 to 50 carotenoids found in the human diet" come from fruit and vegetables; Furthermore, "α-Carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene are the most common [in food for people, or] dietary carotenoids", according to media.

## References
Marjorie Pizer

**Marjorie Pizer** (3 April 1920 &ndash; 4 January 2016) was an Australian poet. She wrote over twenty poetry books between 1947 and 2014. She created publishing group The Pinchgut Press with her husband in 1947.

Pizer was born in Melbourne, Victoria. She studied literature at the University of Melbourne. She lived most of her life in Sydney, New South Wales. Her husband was Muir Holburn, who died in 1960. They had two children.

Pizer died after a short illness 4 January 2016 in Canberra. She was 95.

## Related pages
*List of poets from Oceania

## References
Leo Rucka

**Leopold Victor** "**Leo**" **Rucka** (August 18, 1931 &ndash; January 4, 2016) was an American professional football player. He played as a linebacker for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) in 1956. He was born in Wooster, Baytown, Texas.

Rucka died on January 4, 2016 in Crosby, Texas, aged 84.

## References
János Radványi

**János Radványi** (4 August 1922 &ndash; 11 January 2016) was a Hungarian diplomat who became an American political scientist and academic professor. He served as Hungarian Ambassador to the United States between 1962 and 1967. He became an American citizen in 1978. He taught at Mississippi State University (MSU). He was born in Budapest.

Radványi died after a long illness on 11 January 2016, aged 93.

## References
Cornelis Zitman

**Cornelis Zitman ** (9 November 1926 &ndash; 10 January 2016) was a Dutch sculptor and draftsman. He was born in Leiden, Netherlands. He began teaching classes in design at Central University of Venezuela and continued drawing and painting. In 1958, he exhibited a collection of drawings and paintings at the Museum of Contemporary Art of Caracas. His works can be found in collections and museums of various countries, such as the National Art Gallery and the Museum of Contemporary Art of Caracas in Venezuela, and the Musée Maillol in Paris.

Zitman died on 10 January 2016 in Caracas at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Peter Gavin Hall

**Peter Gavin Hall** FAA FRS AO (20 November 1951 – 9 January 2016) was an Australian researcher in probability theory and mathematical statistics. The American Statistical Association described him as one of the most influential and prolific theoretical statisticians in the history of the field. Hall was an author in probability and statistics. Mathscinet lists him with more than 500 publications as of January 2008.

Hall died in Melbourne, Victoria from leukaemia at the age of 64.

## References
Robert Black (serial killer)

**Robert Black** (21 April 1947 &ndash; 12 January 2016) was a Scottish serial killer convicted of the kidnapping and murder of four girls between the ages of 5 and 11, between 1981 and 1986 in the United Kingdom. He was convicted of sexually assaulting one of the girls, and of raping the other three. Black was also convicted of the kidnapping of a fifth girl, and the attempted kidnapping of a sixth. Black was born in Grangemouth, Stirlingshire.

Black was arrested on 14 July 1990, near Stow, Scotland. The following month, Black was convicted of abduction and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Black was attacked in his Wakefield prison cell in July 1995 after being ambushed by two inmates.

Black died on 12 January 2016 of natural causes in Maghaberry prison, Northern Ireland, aged 68.

## References
Georg Nees

**Georg Nees** (23 June 1926 &ndash; 3 January 2016) was a German academic. He was a pioneer of computer art and generative graphics. He studied mathematics, physics and philosophy in Erlangen and Stuttgart and was scientific advisor at the SEMIOSIS, International Journal of semiotics and aesthetics. He was born in Nuremberg, Germany.

In 1977, he was appointed Honorary Professor of Applied computer science at the University of Erlangen Nees is one of the "3N" computer pioneers, an abbreviation that has become acknowledged for Frieder Nake, Georg Nees and A. Michael Noll, whose computer graphics were created with digital computers. He retired in 1985.

Nees died on 3 January 2016 in Nuremberg, Germany of heart failure at the age of 89.

## References
Ivan Bukavshin

**Ivan Aleksandrovich Bukavshin** (; 3 May 1995 &ndash; 12 January 2016) was a Russian chess Grandmaster. He won the Russian Cup in 2015. He became Grandmaster in 2011. He was U12 European champion in 2006, U14 European Youth Champion in 2008 and U16 European champion in 2010. He was born in Rostov-on-Don.

Bukavshin died in Tolyatti on 12 January 2016. He was originally thought to have suffered a stroke. Now it is reported that a massive overdose (or poisoning) of Drotaverine caused his death. It is possible that the reports are consistent, because the overdose might have caused the stroke.

## References
## Other websites
* Ivan Bukavshin chess games at 365Chess.com
Rescue 911

***Rescue 911*** was an American reality-based television series. The show premiered on CBS on April 18, 1989 and ended on August 27, 1996. The series was hosted by William Shatner. It carried reenactments. It also included  footage of real emergencies.

It was never intended as a teaching tool. However some s used the knowledge they got watching the show. There were two specials: *100 Lives Saved* and *200 Lives Saved*. They were dedicated to viewers who wrote CBS with their stories about watching *Rescue 911*.

The show carried two s on Hurricane Hugo. It also had episodes on the 1986  New Year's Eve fire in Puerto Rico. It covered a June 1990 tornado and a 1987 Amtrak train wreck.

A reboot of *Rescue 911* was scheduled for late 2019.

## References
Bernie Worrell

**George Bernard "Bernie" Worrell, Jr.** (April 19, 1944 &ndash; June 24, 2016) was an American keyboardist and composer. He was best known as a founding member of Parliament-Funkadelic and for his work with Talking Heads. He was a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic.

## Personal life
Worrell was born in Long Branch, New Jersey. He was raised in Plainfield, New Jersey. Worrell studied at Juilliard School. He lives in Hampton, New Jersey.

In January 2016, Worrell was diagnosed with stage-4 lung cancer.

Worrell died of the disease on June 24, 2016 in Everson, Washington, aged 72.

## Albums
*1982: *The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads* by Talking Heads
*1983: *Speaking in Tongues* by Talking Heads
*1984: *Stop Making Sense* by Talking Heads
*1984: *Fred Schneider and the Shake Society* by Fred Schneider
*1985: *Army Arrangement* by Fela Kuti
*1986:  Horses & Trees by Ginger Baker
*1992: *Transmutation (Mutatis Mutandis)* by Praxis
*1993: *Every Silver Lining Has a Cloud* by Julian Schnabel
*1999: *Unison* by Shin Terai
*2004: *The Big Eyeball in the Sky* by Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains
*2004: *The New Danger* by Mos Def
*2005: *BananAtomic Mass* by Munkeez Strikin' Matchiz
*2006: *Gold & Wax* by Gigi
*2007: *Lightyears* by Shin Terai
*2007: *Tennessee 2004* by Praxis
*2007: *Turn My Teeth Up!* by Baby Elephant
*2008: *Profanation (Preparation for a Coming Darkness)* by Praxis
*2008: *Living on Another Frequency* by Science Faxtion
*2008: *A New Mind* by Activities of Dust
*2008  *Delicate Thing by Eric McFadden Trio
*2010: *For You, For Us, For All'' by Socialybrium
*2013: "BWO Is Landing" by The Bernie Worrell Orchestra

## Awards
* Independent Music Awards 2013: "Get Your Hands Off" - Best Funk/Fusion/Jam Song

## References
## Other websites
*The official website of Bernie Worrell 
*Stranger: Bernie Worrell on Earth - the official documentary on Bernie Worrell 
*Bernie Worrell collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive (currently empty)
*Bernie Worrell and the WOO Warriors collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
*Artist Connection Podcast Interview
Angus Scrimm

**Lawrence Rory Guy** (August 19, 1926 &ndash; January 9, 2016), better known as **Angus Scrimm**, was an American actor and writer. He best known for playing the Tall Man in the horror movie *Phantasm* (1979) and its sequels, *Phantasm II* (1988), *Phantasm III: Lord of the Dead* (1994), *Phantasm IV: Oblivion* (1998), and his final movie *Phantasm: Ravager* (2016). He also appeared in the television series *Alias*. He wrote liner notes for musician such as Frank Sinatra to The Beatles. He won a Grammy Award for his liner notes. 

Scrimm was born in Kansas City, Kansas. He studied at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California.

Scrimm died on January 9, 2016 in Los Angeles, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Giorgio Gomelsky

**Giorgio Gomelsky** (28 February 1934 &ndash; 13 January 2016) was a Georgian-British record producer, band manager, filmmaker and impresario. He owned the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond, London. He managed the rock bands The Rolling Stones and The Yardbirds. He also worked closely with Daevid Allen. In 1967, he started Marmalade Records (distributed by Polydor). He wrote songs under the name "Oscar Rasputin".

Gomelsky was born in Tiflis (now Tbilisi). His father was a doctor and his mother was from Monte Carlo. He grew up in many countries including Syria, Egypt, Italy and Switzerland. He moved to London, United Kingdom when he was a young adult in the 1950s. In the 1970s, he moved to New York City, United States.

Gomelsky died from cancer on 13 January 2016 in New York City. He was 81.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Gender dysphoria

**Gender dysphoria** is a term used by psychologists and physicians. It describes people who strongly feel they are not the gender they were born with. It used to be called "gender identity disorder." It is a  accompanied by stress, anxiety, and depression. It is not just a desire to change sex for some  they might think exists. It often leads to avoiding or dropping out of school. The DSM-5 renamed it in 2013. 

## Diagnosis 
The American Psychiatric Association gives a diagnosis of gender dysphoria in teenagers or adults if they feel two or more of these feelings.

* A strong desire to be of a gender other than the one they were born with.
* A strong desire to be treated as a gender other than one they were born with.
* A note-worthy mismatch between the gender they feel they should be and the one that they were born with.
* A strong desire for the sexual characteristics of a gender other than one they were born with.
* A strong desire to be rid of one's sexual characteristics.
* Feeling that they react like a different gender than the one they were born with.

To be diagnosed, the person must have enough distress about their feelings.

## Causes 
Scientists have theories that gender dysphoria is related to genetic and hormone levels during pregnancy. At the early stages of pregnancy, all babies begin with a female brain structure. Later in pregnancy, male babies have their body and brain masculinized by hormones like testosterone. It is theorised that less or extra testosterone during important times of the pregnancy may be related to gender dysphoria 

## Occurrence 
Different studies find different numbers of people with gender dysphoria. In a New Zealand study, 1.2% of people responded "yes" to a question asking if they thought they were transgender.  A study in Massachusetts found that 0.5% of adults say they are transgender. 

## References 
## Related pages 
*Gender identity
*Transgender
*Trans woman
*Trans man
*Non-binary
*Gender euphoria
Aarhus City Hall

**Aarhus City Hall** is the city hall for Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus City Hall was opened on 2 June 1941. The building's architects were Arne Jacobsen and Erik Møller. In 1937, a meeting was held to build the city hall. Aarhus City Hall has unique architecture and was marked for preservation in 1994. In the first drawings for the building, the city hall didn't have a tower. The tower was added later.

The city hall has a total area of 19,380 square meters including the basement. The tower is 60 meters tall and the tower clock face has a diameter of 7 meters. The building is made of concrete plated with marble from Porsgrunn in Norway.

File:Arne jacobsen, aarhus town hall 1937-1942 2.jpg|Interior
File:Arne jacobsen, aarhus town hall 1937-1942 (1).jpg|Staircase
File:Arne jacobsen, aarhus town hall 1937-1942.jpg|Staircase
File:Park alle.JPG|By night
Multinational

The word **multinational** can mean:
* A multinational corporation
* A multinational military force
* International
Petty officer

A **petty officer** is a non-commissioned officer in the navies of many countries. In the United States Navy, it is a pay grade of E-4 to E-9. Petty officers who are E-7 to E-9 are called *Chief*, *Senior Chief*, or *Master Chief* Petty Officers. Petty officers are managers for sailors that work for them. They are managed by officers and do work that they are told to do. Petty officers are often told to manage seamen and lower ranked petty officers.

In the United States Navy, petty officers are promoted by taking a test and being evaluated every year. If they do good enough, they are promoted to the next rank.

## Badge
The badge that a petty officer wears is used to show the rank of the person wearing it. In the United States, petty officers have been wearing a badge since 1841.

## References
Lamborghini Huracán

The **Lamborghini Huracán** is a sports car built by Lamborghini. It replaced the Lamborghini Gallardo. It has been produced from 2014 to 2024. The name *Huracán* comes from the Spanish language. It means Hurricane. Huracán was also the name of a brave fighting bull. And the Mayan god of wind, storm and fire.

## Huracán LP610-4 Coupé (2014-)
The **LP610-4** is the base model of the Huracán. It is a coupe with two doors and two seats. The name *LP610-4* means that the car has a longitudinal engine with 449 kW and all-wheel drive.

## Huracán LP620-2 Super Trofeo (2014-)
The '*LP620-2* is a rear-wheel drive version of the LP610-4 coupé. It is built especially for the Lamborghini Blancpain Super Trofeo Series, a race series for Lamborghini only.

## Huracán LP610-4 Spyder (2016-)
The **LP610-4 Spyder** is a convertible version of the LP610-4 coupé. It was first shown at the 2015 International Motor Show Germany in Frankfurt. It has the same engine as the LP610-4 coupé.

## Huracán LP580-2
The **LP580-2** is also a coupé on the basis of the LP610-4, but instead has 427 kW and rear-wheel drive. This is to decrease the cost.

## Specifications
### Engine
The Huracán has the same mid-engine V10 as the Lamborghini Gallardo. It has 449 kW. The displacement of the engine is 5,204 cm3.
### Performance
The top speed of the Huracán is 325 km/h. It can accelerate to 100 km/h in 2.5 seconds. The Huracán weighs 1,422 kg, which means it has a power-to-mass ratio of 0.32 kW per kg. The maximum torque is 560 N&sdot;m at 6,500 rpm. The CO2 emissions are 290g/km.

## Gallery

File:2015-03-03 Geneva Motor Show 3268.JPG|Rear view of a Huracán LP610-4
File:Lamborghini Huracan Performante Monaco IMG 1013.jpg|Lamborghini Huracán Performante
File:Lamborghini Huracan Evo Spyder Genf 2019 1Y7A5556.jpg|Lamborghini Huracán Evo Spyder
File:Huracan center console.JPG|Centre console of a Huracán LP610-4
File:Lamborghini Huracan Super Trofeo (15383668411).jpg|Huracán LP620-2 Super Trofeo

## References
## Other websites
* Lamborghini Huracán LP610-4  at the official website of Lamborghini
* Lamborghini Huracán LP610-4 Spyder  at the official website of Lamborghini
Twin Falls County, Idaho

**Twin Falls County** is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho.  As of the 2020 Census, the county had a population of 90,046. The county seat and largest city is Twin Falls.

## Communities
*Buhl
*Castleford
*Filer
*Hansen
*Hollister
*Kimberly
*Murtaugh
*Rogerson
*Twin Falls

## References
Butterfly effect

The **butterfly effect** is an idea from chaos theory. A small change can *sometimes* make much bigger changes happen. One small incident may have a big impact on the future. The emphasis here is on the words *may* and *can*. There is no general theory which tells us what is going to happen.

Weather and events are hard to forecast, but that doesn't mean when a butterfly flaps its wings in Tokyo and Arsenal lose a match in the English Premier League. That's just silly and impossible. However, what seem to be tiny changes in a planet's orbit can and do cause big changes to the weather: see Milankovich cycle.

Author Ray Bradbury wrote the short story "A Sound of Thunder" with this idea&mdash;          time travelers make a very small change in the past that makes a large change in the present. However, remember that time travel is impossible, or at least has never been shown to be possible.

## Related pages
* Chaos theory
* Edward N. Lorenz

## References
William Needles

**George William Needles** CM, LL.D, (January 2, 1919 &ndash; January 12, 2016) was an American-born Canadian actor and teacher. He was born in Yonkers, New York, and raised in Kitchener, Ontario.

Needles member of the acting company of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival since its inception in 1953, he has appeared in over one hundred roles with the company, among which are Albany in *King Lear* (1964 and 1972); the Duke of Venice in *The Merchant of Venice* (1996); the White King in *Alice Through the Looking Glass* (1996); the Lord Mayor in *Richard III* (1997); the Shepherd in *Oedipus Rex* (1997); Merriman in *The Importance of Being Earnest* (2000); Mortimer in *Henry VI: Revenge in France*(2002).

Needles died in Allison, Ontario from natural causes at the age of 97.

## References
## Other websites
*
*An Interview with William Needles , Legend Library, TheatreMuseumCanada
Southeast African cheetah

The **Southeast African cheetah** (*Acinonyx jubatus jubatus*) is the nominate subspecies of cheetah native to Southern Africa. It is the most abundant subspecies estimated at more than 6,000 individuals in the wild. Since 1990 and onwards, the population was estimated at approximately 2,500 individuals in Namibia, until 2015, the cheetah population has been increased to more than 3,500 in the country.

The Southeast African Cheetah is the closest relative to the two other distinct subspecies, the Asiatic Cheetahs and the Northeast African Cheetah.

## References 
## Other websites
Canadian Pacific Air Lines

**Canadian Pacific Air Lines**, also known as **CP Air**, was a Canadian airline. It existed from 1942 to 1987. In the 1940s, several small airlines were combined to form CP Air. Air Canada was owned by the government and CP Air could not fly the same routes that Air Canada flew. So in 1949, the airline started international flights to Australia, China, Fiji and The Netherlands. These were countries that Air Canada did not service. In 1961, it bought its first jet aircraft - a Douglas DC-8. By the 1960s CP Air flew to several cities across 5 continents—Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. In the early 1980s CP Air was allowed to fly wherever it wanted. It rapidly increased the number of planes and opened several new routes. By 1987, the airline had a debt of $1 billion. In 1987 Air Canada was privatized by the National Transportation Act. The company Pacific Western Airlines then purchased Canadian Pacific Airlines. Canadian Airlines itself was combined with Air Canada in 2001.

## Gallery

File:McDonnell Douglas DC-8-63, CP Air AN0344516.jpg|A CP Air DC-8 in Portugal.
File:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 C-GCPH CP Air, Manchester, July 1982. (5499802108).jpg|A CP Air DC-10 at Manchester Airport.
File:Canadian Airlines DC-10-30; C-FCRE@LHR;13.04.1996 (4844550583).jpg|The last paint-job used after the airlines was renamed "Canadian Pacific Air Lines". It was shortened to just "Canadian" after the merger.

## References
Rose Chibambo

**Rose Lomathinda Chibambo** (8 September 1928 &ndash; 12 January 2016) was a known British-born Malawi politician and activist. She was the Protectorate of Nyasaland in the years leading up to independence as the state of Malawi in 1964, and immediately after. 

She was imprisoned in 1959, while pregnant with her 5th child, along with other Malawians whom the Federal government felt were a threat to British rule. After Malawi gained independence, Chibambo was the first woman minister in the new cabinet. She was forced into exile for thirty years, returning after the restoration of democracy.

On 1 January 2012, she was honored by being place on Malawi’s 200 Kwacha banknote.

Chibambo died from a heart attack at a hospital in Blantyre, Malawi at the age of 87. 

## References
Brian Bedford

**Brian Bedford** (16 February 1935 – 13 January 2016) was an English actor. He has appeared on the stage and in movies, and is known for both acting in and directing Shakespeare. In movies, Bedford is known for his role as Clyde Tolson in the 1994 movie *Nixon*. He won a Tony Award in 1971 and five Drama Desk Awards during his career.

Bedford was born in Morley, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He was openly gay. Bedford met actor Tim MacDonald in the 1980s and got married in 2013. Bedford died on 13 January 2016 in Santa Barbara, California from cancer at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia entry
Zaharije Trnavčević

**Zaharije Trnavčević** (; 2 January 1926 &ndash; 13 January 2016) was a Serbian journalist and politician. He was president of the political party Rich Serbia from 2011 until his death. He became a member of parliament in 2012. He was acting President of the National Assembly of Serbia from 31 May 2012 to 23 July 2012. He was born in Šabac.

Trnavčević died on 13 January 2016 in Belgrade, aged 90.

## References
Robert Reich

**Robert Bernard Reich** (; born June 24, 1946) is an American political economist, professor, author, and political commentator. He served in the administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter and was the United States Secretary of Labor under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.

Reich is diagnosed with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, also known as Fairbanks disease, and stands at 4 feet 10.5 inches (1.486 m).

In January 2016, Reich announced his endorsement for Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* The American Prospect articles  by Robert Reich
* US Department of Labor biography 
* UC Berkeley bio
* Robert Reich's blog posts  for the Why Democracy? project
Leonid Zhabotinsky

**Leonid Ivanovych Zhabotynsky** (; 28 January 1938 &ndash; 14 January 2016) was a Soviet weightlifter. He set 19 world records in the super heavyweight class. He won gold medals at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics.

Zhabotinsky was born in a village in Uspenka, Sumy Oblast, Ukrainian SSR. He was born a Cossack family. He was married and had two sons. He became a Russian citizen after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Zhabotinsky died after a long illness on 14 January 2016 in Zaporizhia. He was 77.

## References
Ken Judge

**Ken Judge** (15 January 1958 &ndash; 15 January 2016) was an Australian rules footballer and coach. He played for East Fremantle, Hawthorn and the Brisbane Bears during the 1970s and 1980s. He also coached Hawthorn from 1996 to 1999 and the West Coast Eagles from 2000 to 2001.

Judge died from multiple myeloma on his 58th birthday in Perth, Western Australia.

## References
Murphy, Idaho

**Murphy** is an unincorporated census-designated place in Owyhee County, Idaho, United States. It is the county seat of Owyhee County, It is one of the smallest county seats in the country. As of the 2020 census, its population was 96.

## History
Murphy was formed around a railhead (end of the rail line) of the "Boise, Nampa and Owyhee Railroad" built in 1899. The town became the county seat in 1934. The railroad operated until 1947.

The town was named after Cornelius "Con" Murphy, a crew boss with the railroad. 

## Geography
Murphy is located at , at an elevation of  above sea level; it is  south of Nampa.

## Airstrip
Murphy's airstrip is located northeast of the town. It does not have a control tower. Its paved runway is  long.

## References
## Other websites
*Owyhee County Historical Society - Museum & Library - Murphy, Idaho
*Untraveled Road.com  - photo tour - Murphy, Idaho - 2008-06-13
*Weather.com - Murphy, Idaho - current conditions and forecast
Carolyn D. Wright

**Carolyn D. "C. D." Wright** (January 6, 1949 &ndash; January 12, 2016) was an American poet. Se was born in Mountain Home, Arkansas. In 1977 the publishing company founded by Frank Stanford, Lost Roads, published Wright's first collection, *Room Rented by A Single Woman*. In 1983 she moved to Providence, Rhode Island to teach writing at Brown University as the Israel J. Kapstein Professor of English. In 2013, Wright was elected a chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. 

Wright died on January 12, 2016 from cancer in Barrington, Rhode Island at the age of 67.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
*Griffin Poetry Prize biography
*Griffin Poetry Prize readings, including video clips
*Profile at The Whiting Foundation
*.mp3 recording of Wright reading from "One Big Self" during the Key West Literary Seminar, 2003
*C. D. Wright--The Academy of American Poets
Paul G. Kirk

**Paul Grattan Kirk, Jr.** (born January 18, 1938) is an American lawyer and politician. He served as a United States Senator from Massachusetts from 2009 to 2010, having been appointed to fill the seat created by the death of Ted Kennedy.

From 1985 to 1989, he served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee (DNC). On January 14, 2016, Kirk announced his endorsement in Hanover, New Hampshire in support of the presidential campaign for Bernie Sanders.

## References
Barrington, Rhode Island

**Barrington** (pronounced ) is a New England town in Bristol County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 17,153 at the 2020 census.

In July 2005, CNN/Money and *Money* magazine ranked Barrington sixth on its list of the 100 best places to live in the United States.

## References
## Other websites
* Town of Barrington Official Web Site 
* Town of Barrington Official GIS Maps and Property Information 
* Barrington School Department
* The Brendel murders .
Shaolin (humorist)

**Francisco Jozenilton Veloso** (8 May 1971 &ndash; 14 January 2016), better known by his stage name **Shaolin**, was a Brazilian cartoonist, caricaturist, humorist, comedian, actor and media presenter. His best known shows were *Domingão do Faustão*, *A Praça É Nossa*, *Show do Tom*, and *Tudo è Possível*.

Shaolin was born in Coremas, Paraíba. He was married to Laudiceia Veloso and had two children. In January 2011, he was badly injured in a car accident.

Shaolin died from a heart attack on 14 January 2016 in Campina Grande. He was 44.

## References
Richard Linklater

**Richard Stuart Linklater** (; born July 30, 1960) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He is known for his movies *Dazed and Confused* (1993), *Before Sunrise* (1995), *Before Sunset* (2004), *Before Midnight* (2013), *School of Rock* (2003), *Waking Life* (2001) and *A Scanner Darkly* (2006). 

In 2002 he began filming *Boyhood* (2014), a passion project which took over twelve years to finish. The movie was premiered in 2014 to critical acclaim. Linklater won the Golden Globe, Critics' Choice Movie Awards and BAFTAs for Best Director and Best Picture. He also received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director, along with nominations for Original Screenplay and Picture.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Detour Films (Richard Linklater's film production company)
Tera Wray

**Tera Lents** (April 14, 1982 &ndash; January 13, 2016), better known by her stage name **Tera Wray**, was an American pornographic actress. She appeared in around 25 adult movies between 2007 and 2014.

Wray was born in Louisville, Kentucky. She was married to Wayne Static from 2008 until his death in 2014.

Wray died on January 13, 2016 in California, aged 33. Her death was reported as a suicide.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Tera Wray at the Internet Adult Film Database
* Tera Wray at the Adult Film Database
Ellen Meiksins Wood

, May 2012]]

**Ellen Meiksins Wood** (April 12, 1942 &ndash; January 13, 2016) was an American-Canadian Marxist historian and scholar. She was a publisher of the *Monthly Review* from 1997 to 2000, along with Harry Magdoff and Paul Sweezy. She wrote over ten books. Her books *The Retreat from Class* and *The Origin of Capitalism* won awards. She was a leading Marxist theorist.

Wood was born in New York City. Her parents were Latvian Jews. She was married to Neal Wood until his death in 2003. They had two children. She was later married to politician Ed Broadbent.

Wood died from cancer on January 13, 2016 in Ottawa, Ontario. She was 73.

## References
Jade (American band)

**Jade** is an American hip hop-soul group. The group began in 1991. They split in 1997 and reformed in 2014. The group's members are Joi Marshall, Tonya Kelly and Myracle Holloway. The group is from Chicago.

The group had hit songs with "I Wanna Love You Down" and "Don't Walk Away" in 1992 and 1993. Their second album, *Mind, Body & Song*, was released in 1994.

## References
Dave Sime

]]

**David William** "**Dave**" **Sime**  (July 25, 1936 &ndash; January 12, 2016) was an American sprinter. He ranked as one of the fastest humans of all time. He held many sprint records during the late 1950s. He won a silver medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He later became an ophthalmologist (type of eye doctor) and pioneer of intraocular lens transplants.

Sime was born in Paterson, New Jersey. He grew up in Fair Lawn, New Jersey. He was married and had three children.

Sime died from cancer on January 12, 2016 in Miami, Florida. He was 79.

## References
Lawrence Phillips

**Lawrence Lamond Phillips** (May 12, 1975 – January 13, 2016) was a professional American football and Canadian football running back. He was a two-time college football national champion at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for the Nebraska Cornhuskers. He was born in Little Rock, Arkansas.  Many people consider the 1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers, on which Phillips played, to be the greatest college football team of all time.

Phillips played in the National Football League for the St. Louis Rams, Miami Dolphins, and San Francisco 49ers from 1996 through 1999, and for the Montreal Alouettes and Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League in 2002 and 2003.

He was arrested several times during the course of his life. In 2015, Phillips was charged with the murder of his former cellmate, Damion Soward. 

Phillips died January 13, 2016, at Kern Valley State Prison in Delano, California from an apparent suicide attempt, where he was serving a seven-year term for felony assault with a deadly weapon, at the age of 40.

## References
Francis Rossi

**Sir Francis Dominic Nicholas Michael Rossi**  (born 29 May 1949) is an English singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as the co-founder, lead singer and lead guitarist of the rock band Status Quo. His genres mix from early psychedelic rock, hard rock, pop rock, blues rock/rock n roll even country rock and heavy metal. 

Rossi was born in Forest Hill, London. He is of Italian and Northern Irish ancestry. He is teetotal.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kalevi Lehtovirta

**Kalevi Valdemar Lehtovirta** (20 February 1928 &ndash; 10 January 2016) was a Finnish footballer. He played as a striker. He played for TuWe Turku, Pyrkivä Turku, Red Star, TPS, and the Finland national football team. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Turku.

Lehtovirta died on 10 January 2016 in Turku, aged 87.

## References
Dime (United States coin)

The **U.S. dime** is a  coin of the United States. It is worth ten cents. The denomination was authorized by the Coinage Act of 1792. The design of the dime has changed since the dime was introduced.

## References
Baby Got Back

**"Baby Got Back"** is a 1992 hip hop song by Sir Mix-A-Lot. The song is about larger than normal buttocks. At the time of its release, some found the lyrics objectionable.

At the beginning of the song, two girls are talking. One says: "Oh my God, Becky. Look at her butt!"

The video of the song was banned by MTV for a short time.

The song was #1 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100.

In late January 2013, a preview of the show *Glee* included a cover of "Baby Got Back". Jonathan Coulton claimed *Glee* copied his version of the song.

## References
The Revenant (2015 movie)

***The Revenant*** is a 2015 American semi-biographical western movie set in 1823 Montana and South Dakota.
 It was inspired by the experiences of frontiersman and fur trapper Hugh Glass. 

It was directed by Alejandro G. Iñárritu. It was written by Mark L. Smith and Iñárritu. It is based in part on Michael Punke's *The Revenant: A Novel of Revenge*. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hardy, Will Poulter, and Domhnall Gleeson.

*The Revenant* premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on December 16, 2015 and had a limited release on December 25, 2015, followed by a wide release on January 8, 2016. It got really positive reviews. It won three Golden Globe Awards and five BAFTA Awards, including Best Film at both shows. At the 88th Academy Awards, the movie received 12 nominations, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor (Hardy), winning Best Director (Iñárritu), Best Actor (DiCaprio), and Best Cinematography (Emmanuel Lubezki).

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* *The Revenant* at History vs. Hollywood
Franco Citti

(1971)]]
**Franco Citti** (23 April 1935 &ndash; 14 January 2016) was an Italian actor. He acted in over fifty movies between the early 1960s and the late 1990s. He was best known to non-Italian audiences as Calò in *The Godfather* (1972) and *The Godfather Part III* (1990). He also appeared in the movies *Accattone* (1961) and *Oedipus Rex* (1967).

Citti was born in Fiumicino, Rome. His brother was the director and screenwriter Sergio Citti (1933&ndash;2005).

Citti died on 14 January 2016 in Rome, aged 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jay Roach

**Matthew Jay Roach** (born June 14, 1957) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the *Austin Powers* movies and *Meet the Parents*. He also directed the comedy movie *Dinner for Schmucks* (2010), the HBO political dramas *Recount* (2008) and *Game Change* (2012), and the political comedy *The Campaign* (2012). His twelfth movie, the biographical drama *Trumbo*, was released on November 6, 2015 to positive reviews. He won two Emmy Awards (2008, 2012).

## References
## Other websites
*
Boulton & Watt

museum]]

**Boulton & Watt** was an early British engineering and manufacturing firm. They were very significant in the early industrial revolution. The partners were the English manufacturer Matthew Boulton and the Scottish engineer James Watt.

The firm designed and made marine and stationary steam engines. It was founded in the English West Midlands around Birmingham in 1775, and grew to be a major producer of steam engines in the 19th century.

The Boulton and Watt steam engine was the first to use steam at above atmospheric pressure. This was a great step in the development of the steam engine. Watt's invention was a key point in the Industrial Revolution.
Their engines were used for pumping water in canals, mines, and waterworks, and for driving machines.

## The Soho Foundry 
At first the partnership made the drawing and specifications for the engines, and supervised the work to erect it on the customers property. They produced almost none of the parts themselves. Watt did most of his work at his home in Harper’s Hill in Birmingham, while Boulton worked at the Soho Manufactory.

Gradually the partners began to actually make more and more of the parts, and by 1795 they purchased a property about a mile away from the Soho manufactory, on the banks of the Birmingham Canal. There they built a new foundry for making the engines. The Soho Foundry opened in 1796 at a time when Watt’s sons, Gregory and James Jr. were heavily involved in the management of the enterprise. In 1800, the year of Watt’s retirement, the firm made a total of forty-one engines.

Watt retired in 1800, the same year that his fundamental patent and partnership with Boulton expired. The famous partnership was transferred to the men's sons, Matthew Robinson Boulton and James Watt Jr. Longtime firm engineer William Murdoch was soon made a partner and the firm prospered.

## References
Province of Lugo

**Lugo** is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Galicia. It is bordered by the provinces of Ourense, Pontevedra, and A Coruña, the principality of Asturias, León, and in the north by the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay). 

The population is 356,595 (2006), of whom a quarter live in the capital Lugo. The capital city was an ancient Celtic settlement named in honour of the god Lugh (see Lyon), later Latinised as *Lucus Augusti*, and which became one of the three main important Galician-Roman centres alongside Braccara Augusta and Asturica Augusta (modern Braga and Astorga respectively). The province has 67 municipalities.
Pareto distribution

The **Pareto distribution** is a probability distribution named after Vilfredo Pareto. It is continuous and follows a power law. It is a heavy tailed distribution. The Pareto distribution was first used to show how income is distributed among households (which is commonly called Income distribution). Pareto distributions are often used in the cases when many different small independent factors contribute to a result. Pareto wrote a book called ''Cours d'économie politique'', where he tried to show that the number of people who have an income greater than x is proportional to 1/x^k. The parameter k is constant, and about 1.5. This is all that is needed to describe the Pareto distribution. Insurance companies often use Pareto distributions to model damage.
ASASSN-15lh

**ASASSN-15lh** is a supernova detected on 14 June 2015. It is the most luminous supernova ever detected.  At its brightest it was 50 times brighter than the whole Milky Way.

:"The exploding star was first observed back in June last year but is still radiating vast amounts of energy. At its peak, the event was 200 times more powerful than a typical supernova, making it shine with 570 billion times the brightness of our Sun. Researchers think the explosion and ongoing activity have been boosted by a very dense, highly magnetised, remnant object called a magnetar. This object, created as the supernova got going, is probably no bigger than a major city, such as London, and is likely spinning at a fantastic rate - perhaps a thousand times a second".

The supernova is some 3.8 billion light-years from Earth. It was found by the All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN).

## References
Irma Khetsuriani

**Irma Khetsuriani** () is a wheelchair fencer from Georgia.  She tried to help women and sportspeople with disabilities in Georgia. She is the first woman to be a member of the Georgia national wheelchair fencing team. She works for the Georgian Paralympic Committee as an office manager.

## Personal 
Khersuriani is from Abkhazia and lived in Ochamchire until she was 7 years old.  Her family left Abkhazia during the 2008 South Ossetia war. Following the war in the region, she lived in Kutaisi and Tskaltubo. She started the University of Kutaisi when she was 17 years old. She studied English and computers. Because of this, she quit university to fix her health problems.

Khersuriani  works for the Georgian Paralympic Committee as an office manager.  A friend from Tbilisi found the job for her. Her mother did not want her to take the job and move away from them to Tbilisi.

Khersuriani helps disability sport in Georgia, talking to the government and asking them to give more money for sports in 2015.

## Wheelchair fencing 
Khersuriani is a wheelchair fencer. She is the first female wheelchair fencer in Georgia. She trains each data with five men who make up are also members of the Georgia national wheelchair fencing team.  She is coached by Malkhaz Meskhi (*Georgian*:  მალხაზ მესხმა).  At the  2014 Montreal Grand Prix, Khersuriani won a bronze medal in the women’s foil. Competing in the Category B women’s epee at the same competition, she lost to Ellen Geddes of the United States 9 - 15 in the quarterfinals.  Khersuriani finished fifth. At the November 2014 Polish Wheelchair Fencing Open, she won a two medals, a bronze in the Foil, and a silver in the Sabre.

At a 2015 World Cup event in Pisa, Italy, Khersuriani finished ninth.  She lost in the group stage and did not go further in the competition.  One of her losses was  to Hong Kong's Zhongwan Ping by a score of 15 - 7. At the 2015 IWAS World Championships in Eger, Hungary in August, she won a silver medal in the women’s sabre B.  She lost to Ukraine's Tetiana Pozdniak by a score of 13-15 in the gold medal match.  She made the final after beating Poland's Patrycja Hareza.  After Hungary, she was ranked as  the best wheelchair fencer in the world for the first time.  In October 2015, she won gold at a World Cup in Paris in the Senior Women’s Sabre B event after beating Patrycja Hareza of Poland in the final by a score of 15 - 9.  In  making the finals, she beat wheelchair fencers from France, Greece, the United Kingdom, Poland and Ukraine. Unlike most competitors at the competition, she competed in all three wheelchair fencing disciplines: Sabre, Foil and Épée.

## References