Press coverage of the Armenian genocide

This page has a selected list of press headlines related to the Armenian genocide from newspaper archives. The sources before 1914 relate to the Adana massacre and the Hamidian massacres. 

Before Raphael Lemkin coined the term genocide in 1943, such events were described using words like 'massacre,' 'murder,' 'slaughter,' 'systematic massacre,' 'extermination,' 'atrocities,' and 'war crimes.'

## List
The list also includes press coverage of the massacres before the Armenian genocide, including the Adana massacre and the Hamidian massacres. Such massacres are seen by scholars as the start of the attempted elimination of Armenians, which peaked in the Armenian genocide in 1915.

### Hamidian massacres and pre–Young Turk Revolution
#### 1890
* July 25, 1890, *Los Angeles Times*, "Turkish Atrocities: Details of the Massacre at Erzeroum"
* July 26, 1890, *The New York Times*, "The Erzeroum Massacre: Armenians slaughtered and the British Consulate stoned."
* November 6, 1890, *The New York Times*, "Cruelty of the Turks. Prof. Bryce Describes The Condition Of Armenia."

#### 1893
* April 10, 1893, *The Washington Post*, "Dungeons for Christians: Nearly 2,000 Armenians immured in Turkish prisons."
* September 5, 1895, *The New York Times*, "Rustem Pasha Moved to Tears"
* September 10, 1895, *The New York Times*, "Another Armenian Holocaust, Five Villages Burned, Five Thousand Persons Made Homeless, and Anti-Christians Organized"
* September 10, 1895, *Brooklyn Daily Eagle*, "The Armenian Outrages"
* September 13, 1895, *Le Petit Journal*, "Armenian Massacre in Constantinople: The gathering of the corpses of victims, streets of Galata"
* October 5, 1895, *The Salt Lake Herald*, "The Scenes in the Churches. They Are Heartrending and Deplorable in the Extreme. The Armenian Atrocities. American Sympathy is Badly Needed"
* October 27, 1895, *Il Secolo Illustrato*, "Armenian Massacre in Constantinople"
* November 17, 1895, *Sunday Herald*, "Armenians Murdered. Under Turkey's Auspices 5,000 More Have Been Slaughtered."
* November 17, 1895, *Il Secolo Illustrato*, "The Red Sultan"

#### 1896
* 1896, *Le Musée de Sires*, "Abdul Hamid II, The Red Sultan"
* July 5, 1913, *The Literary Digest*, "Young Turks' Misrule In Armenia "
* May 17, 1915, *The Ogden Standard*, "Armenians At Van Massacred"
* May 18, 1915, *The New York Times*, "6,000 Armenians Killed"
* May 18, 1915, *Richmond Times-Dispatch*, "Armenians Massacred"
* May 24, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Allies To Punish Turks Who Murder"
* May 25, 1915, *Zeehan and Dunas Herald*, "The Armenian Massacres: The Blame Laid on Armenia. All Able-bodied Men Killed. Whole Villages Devastated"
* May 25, 1915, *Northern Star*, "Armenian Atrocities: Shocking Carnage in Armenia"

;July

* July 12, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Turks Are Evicting Native Christians"
* July 29, 1915, *The Times*, "Reported Massacres In Armenia"
* July 29, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Wholesale Massacres Of Armenians By Turks"

;August

* August 4, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Report Turks Shot Women and Children, Nine Thousand Armenians Massacred and Thrown Into Tigris, Socialist Committee Hears"
* August 6, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Armenian Horrors Grow: Massacre Greater Than Under Abdul Hamid, London Paper Says"
* August 10, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Slay All Armenians In City Of Kerasunt. Turks Wipe Out Entire Population in Town on the Black Sea"
* September 7, 1915, *Saint Paul Pioneer Press*, "Save The Armenians "
* September 13, 1915, *Duluth News Tribune*, "Armenian Girls Sold in Turkish Capital "
* September 14, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Defense Committee Corners Supplies"
* September 16, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Answer Morgenthau by Hanging Armenians, He Protests Against the War of Extermination Now in Progress"
* September 21, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Bryce Asks Us To Aid Armenia.; Says That All the Christians in Trebizond, Numbering 10,000, Were Drowned. Women Seized For Harems. Only Power That Can Stop the Massacres Is Germany, and We Might Persuade Her to Act."
* September 23, 1915, *The Winona Independent*, "Bringing Armenians to America "
* September 23, 1915, *The Evening Independent*, "Slaughtering Of Armenians By The Thousand. Official Reports That Half A Million Have Been Killed By The Turks. Uncle Sam Appealed To Saved Doomed People."
* September 23, 1915, *The Mercury*, "Turkish Atrocities. Systematic Slaughter Of Armenians. Half-a-Million Killed. Roads Strewn With Corpses. Ten Thousand Drowned."
* September 24, 1915, *The Duluth Herald*, "Half Million Armenians Put to Death in Turkey "
* September 24, 1915, *The New York Times*, "500,000 Armenians Said to Have Been Perished" image
* September 25, 1915, *The Glasgow Herald*, "Armenian Massacres. Turkey's Extermination Policy. A Tale Of Horror."
* September 25, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Says Extinction Menaces Armenia; Dr. Gabriel Tells of More Than 450,000 Killed in Recent Massacres. 600,000 Driven Into Exile. Unless Neutral Powers Intervene, Says Nubar Pasha, Almost the Whole People Is Doomed."
* September 27, 1915, *The Independent*, "The Depopulation of Armenia"
* October 18, 1915, *The Independent*, "The Assassination of a Race"
'', "Turks Boiled Baby Alive. Made Armenian Mother Heat Water, Bound Her and Took Child's Life."]]
* October 22, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Only 200,000 Armenians Now Left in Turkey; More Than 1,000,000 Killed, Enslaved or Exiled, Says a Tiflis Paper."
* October 22, 1915, *The Daily Star*, "Turks Boiled Baby Alive. Made Armenian Mother Heat Water, Bound Her and Took Child's Life."
* October 22, 1915, *The Washington Herald*, "Armenians In Turkey Almost Exterminated"
* October 23, 1915, *Duluth News Tribune*, "Turkish Officials Show No Interest: German Governments Makes Efforts to Alleviate Alleged Atrocities Upon Armenians "
* October 23, 1915, *Honolulu Star Bulletin*, "Wave of Indignation Sweeping Over States at Turk Atrocities. Threatened Annihilation of Armenians Causes Outbursts of Sympathy"
* October 23, 1915, *La Rire Rouge*, "Armenian Massacres"
* October 26, 1915, *Duluth News Tribune*, "Turks Continue Barbarous Work: Kill Armenians "
* October 26, 1915, *Cornell Daily Sun*, "Atrocities Include Horseshoeing Bishop. Turks Reported to Have Committed Terrible Massacres in Armenia. Women Horribly Treated. Tied to Carts and Exposed to Hunger and Weather-Suspect German Influence"
* October 27, 1915, *Weekly Journal-Miner*, "Terrible Turks at Old Game of Butchery. Unspeakable Atrocities Inflicted on Armenians, According to Prisoner's Story"

;November

* November 1, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Aid For Armenians Blocked By Turkey,"
* November 27, 1915, *Christian Science Monitor*, "Further Details of Armenian Atrocities Given. Lord Bryce Affirms Additional Evidence Surpasses in Horror Previous Statements."
* November 27, 1915, *Springfield Republican*, "Fiends' Work. Armenian Horror. Told By Lord Bryce."
* November 29, 1915, *Warwick Examiner and Times*, "Armenian Atrocities: Unparalleled Savagery"
* November 29, 1915, *The Argus*, "Armenians. Half a Million Killed. Blood-Curdling Horrors"

;December

* December 3, 1915, *The Border Morning Mail and Riverina Times*, "Armenian Atrocities: Bishops Murdered"
* December 12, 1915, Le Petit Journal, "The Massacres of Armenia"
* December 12, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Woman Describes Armenian Killings: German Missionary Says Turks Proclaimed Extermination as Their Aim."
* December 15, 1915, *The New York Times*, "Million Armenians Killed or in Exile"
* December 18, 1915, *The Bathurst Times*, "Armenian Atrocities: Ghastly Stories"
* December 19, 1915, *The Washington Herald*, "The Massacre of a Nation. All of the Horrors, Tortures and Barbarities of History Surpassed in List of Cruelties Practiced by Turks on Defenseless Armenians."

#### 1916
* January 17, 1916, *Warwick Examiner and Times*, "Armenian Atrocities: Brutal Massacre by Turks."
* January 26, 1916 *The New York Times*, "Bryce Asks America To Succor Armenians. Refugees Will Starve If Not Quickly Fed-Page To Inform Washington"
* January 29, 1916, *Bisbee Daily Review*, "U.S. Council and Wife Save Thousands Of Armenians"
* February 5, 1916, *The New Age*, "The Murder of Armenia"
* February 6, 1916, *The Sun*, "American Consul Who Saved Thousands Of Armenians In Syria"
* February 6, 1916, *The New York Times*, "Saw Armenians Go Starving to Exile"
* June 6, 1916, *Youngstown Vindicator*, "Tortured Armenians Cry For American Mandatory"
* June 30, 1916, *Excelsior*, "The symbol of the protection of Armenians by Russians"
* July 5, 1916, *Outlook Magazine*, "Turkey's Treatment of the Armenians"
* July 12, 1916, *The New York Times*, "Turks are Evicting Native Christians: Greeks and Armenians Driven From Homes and Converted by the Sword, Assert Americans"
* August 21, 1916, *The New York Times*, "Armenians Dying in Prison Camps. Hundreds of Thousands Still in Danger from Turks, Refugee Fund Secretary Says"
* October 4, 1916, *The Spokesman-Review*, "Ask $5,000,000 For Armenians. Report Declares There Are 1.000,000 Destitute in That Country and Syria. Many Have Been Killed."
* October 4, 1916, *The Atlanta Constitution*, "1,000,000 People Dying of Hunger. Campaign Launched in the United States to Relieve Armenians and Syrians. Stories of Suffering Beggar Belief."
* October 4, 1916, *The Day*, "Half Armenia's People Slain; Ask Aid For Rest"
* October 25, 1916, *The Kosciusko Union*, "Americans Pay Thousands For Relief of Armenians"
* October 1916, *The Missionary Review of the World*, "Signs of Death in Turkey"
* November, 1916, *The Atlantic Monthly*, "The Calvary of a Nation "
* November 11, 1916, *Literary Digest*, "Why the Armenians Were Killed "
* November 12, 1916, *The New York Times*, "Armenian Horrors Seen by Germans: Documents in Possession of the French Government Give Details of Atrocities."
* November 12, 1916, *The New York Times*, "Halil Bey's Admissions: Turkey Planned to Exterminate the Armenian Race.
* November 27, 1916, *"Armjanski vestnik*, "The corpses of Armenians"
* December 3, 1916, *Los Angeles Times*, "Fresh Horrors of Armenian Massacres Reported From Asiatic Turkey."

#### 1917
* January 1, 1917, *The New York Times*, "Saw Armenians Burned Alive: So Says Mussulman, Who Tells of Ravines Full of Dead."
* January 27, 1917, *The New Republic*, "Massacre by Decree "
* February 26, 1917, *The Sydney Morning Herald*, "Armenians Massacres."
* June 23, 1917, *The Independent*, "Must Armenia Perish? "
* September 30, 1917, *The Troy Sunday Budget*, "Armenians Are Slain With Axes. An Eye-Witness to Massacres Tells a Story of the Horrors Committed by Turks."
* September 30, 1917, *The New York Times*, "ARMENIANS KILLED WITH AXES BY TURKS; Members of Faculty of Anatolia College Among More Than 1,200 Slain at Marsovan. ONE OF MANY MASSACRES Story of Ferocity Told by President of College, an Eyewitness of the Marsovan Horrors."
* September 30, 1917,*The Spokesman-Review*, "Armenians Led To Slaughter. Anatolia College Head, Recently Returned, Relates Seizing of Students and Faculty. Sold Girls To Slavery. Turks Aimed to End Armenian Question by Wiping Out These People."
* September 30, 1917, *Los Angeles Times*, "Turk Murders Defy Relation.: Minister from Front Tells of War Atrocities; Clothing of Children is Prize for Death; Sufferings in Armenia are Vividly Told."
* October 18, 1917, *Cornell Daily Sun*, "Turks Bury Armenian Babies Alive in Work of Extermination. Rev. Henry H. Riggs, Missionary Worker, Tells of Wholesale Method of Murder. Pictures Prove Tales. German's Ally Seems Intent on Entire Extinction of the Armenians. Skeletons Cover Desert. Story of Deportation from Turkey One of Unbelievable Cruelty."
* November 1917: *The New York Times* - Current History "Armenians Killed with Axes by Kurds"

#### 1918
* January 27, 1918, *The Sun*, "Effort To Wipe Out Nation Described in a Sensational Book By German War Correspondent"
* March, 1918, *The Red Cross Magazine*, "“The greatest horror in History”- Henry Morgenthau "
* March 21, 1918, *The Mineral Country Press*, "The Horrors of Aleppo"
* April 28, 1918, *New York Tribune*, "Armenians in Fear Of Extermination"
* August, 1918, ''The World's Work*, "Ambassador Morgenthau’s story"
* October, 1918, *The World's Work*, "Turkish barbarism toward hostages"

#### 1919
* January 2, 1919, *Le Petite Parisien*, "The review of “Little Parisian” on Armenian massacres: 1.5 million Victims"
* January 6, 1919, *Port Pirie Recorder*, "The Armenian Massacre: 50 Percent of People Killed"
* January 11, 1919, *The Colville Examiner*, "The Horrors of Aleppo"
* February 12, 1919, *The New York Times*, "Turkish Trials Begin. Governor of Diarbekir First to be Arraigned for Massacres"
* February 15, 1919, *Le Feu'', "Pour L'Armenie"
* April 14, 1919, *The New York Times*, "Turks Hang Kemal Bey for Armenian Massacres."
* June 1, 1919, *The New York Times*, "Armenian Girls Tell of Massacres. Escaped Victims of Turkish and Circassian Cruelty Recount Their Experience. Held Naked and Starving. Hundreds Slaughtered with Clubs as Parties Up to 5,000 Were Taken to Syrian Desert."
* June 7, 1919, *The New York Times*, "Reports Asia Minor Looking to America"
* June 27, 1919, *New York Tribune*, "Another Chapter In Germany's Confession of Turkish Guilt"
* July 13, 1919, *New York Tribune*, "Germany Confesses in a Secret Record Her Turkish Partner's Crimes in Armenia"
* July 31, 1919, *The Brisbee Daily Review*, "Turks Marching Upon Armenians On Three Sides; U.S. Powerless to Render Help. American Relief Cut Off, Fear Extermination of the Entire Armenian Nation, For Which U.S. Is Potential Mandatory"
* August, 1919, *The National Geographic*, "Between Massacres in Van "
* October 1, 1919, *New York Tribune*, "Turks Slaying All Armenians, Senate Is Told. State Department Declares Whole Nation Will Be Gone in Month Unless Congress Sends Troops."
* November, 1919, *National Geographic*, "The Land of the Stalking Death "
* December 19, 1919, *The Maui News*, "Armenians May Be Exterminated If U.S. Refuses Help"
* December 19, 1919, *Holt County Sentinel*, "How Armenians Are Held Back By Fate"

#### 1920
* January 4, 1920, *The Minneapolis Journal*, "First Victim of Turk Assassins Arrives in City "
* February 14, 1920, *The Toledo News-Bee*, "2000 Armenians Murdered"
* February 17, 1920, *The Minneapolis Morning Tribune*, "Attack Still in Progress "
* February 28, 1920, *The Independent*, "Shall Armenia Perish?" by Henry Morgenthau, Sr.
* February 29, 1920, *Bisbee Daily Review*, "Armenians Die By Thousands In Massacres"
* March 1, 1920, *The Pittsburgh Press*, "10,000 Armenians Are Murdered by Turks in Cilicia"
* March 8, 1920, *Jerusalem News*, "Reuters Telegrams "
* March 8, 1920, *The Toronto World*, "Allies Notify Turkey Armenian Massacres Must Stop"
* April 17, 1920, *The Pittsburgh Press*, "Armenian Massacres Renewed By Turks"
* September 5, 1920, *The Washington Times*, "How Science Cleansed Her of the Cruel Turk's Brand of Shame"

#### 1921
* June 4, 1921, *The Sydney Morning Herald*, "Million Perished. What Armenia Suffered."
* November 23, 1921, *The Minneapolis Journal*, "Girl-Slave of Turks Who Found Refuge in City Now Finds Happiness as Bride "

#### 1922
* February 25, 1922, *Literary Digest*, "Armenia's Tragic Finish"
* October, 1922, *The New York Times*, "Crimes of Turkish Misrule"
* November 28, 1922, *St. Petersburg Times*, "The Terrible Turk"

## Related pages
* The Holocaust
* Rwandan genocide
* Cambodian genocide
* Late Ottoman genocides
* Armenian genocide denial

## Footnotes
## References