open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sherwood Forest

**Sherwood Forest** is a historic forest in Nottinghamshire, England. It is famous for its links to the legend of Robin Hood. The forest covers more than 420 hectares of woodland and heath. 

## History 
The forest was once part of a much larger royal hunting forest in medieval times. Kings used it for hunting deer and wild boar. 

Many stories say that the outlaw Robin Hood lived in Sherwood Forest with his band of followers, stealing from the rich and helping the poor. These legends have made the forest famous around the world. 

## Nature 
Sherwood Forest has ancient oak trees, heathland, and many types of wildlife. The most famous tree is the Major Oak, which is believed to be more than 800 years old. 

The forest is home to:
* Bats  
* Deer  
* Woodpeckers  
* Rare insects and fungi

The whole area is protected as a National Nature Reserve.

## Today 
Today Sherwood Forest is managed by the RSPB and Nottinghamshire County Council. It is open to visitors all year. 

People visit the forest for walking, cycling, birdwatching and learning about the Robin Hood stories. Every summer, the forest hosts the Robin Hood Festival, a medieval-themed event.

## Related pages 
* Robin Hood  
* Nottinghamshire  
* Edwinstowe  
* Major Oak

## References
Luanda

**Luanda** is the capital and the largest city of Angola. Its former name was **Loanda**. It is a main seaport of the country on the Atlantic Ocean. In 1995, about 3 million people lived there.

It is a center of manufacturing, but very destroyed because of a long civil war.

It was founded by Portuguese in 1575 as **São Paulo de Luanda** and has been the administrative center of Angola since 1627 (except for 1640–1648). When Angola got independence in 1975, it became the capital of Angola.

## References
Hollywood

]]
, as seen from the Kodak Theatre]]

**Hollywood** is a district in Los Angeles, California. It is very famous around the world as a place where movies and television series are made. It has many different attractions such as the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the famous Hollywood Sign. Many tourists come to Hollywood to see all of these things. Because of the importance of Hollywood in the movie industry of the United States, the whole industry is often called "Hollywood", even though not all movies are made in Hollywood. This use of the word "Hollywood" is called metonymy.

Many historic Hollywood theatres are used as venues and concert stages to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. It is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The Hollywood Walk of Fame was created in 1958 and the first star was placed in 1960. It is a sidewalk along the Hollywood Boulevard and the USA. There are more than 2000 five-points stars on the walk featuring the names of artists working in the entertainment industry.

The first movie to be made entirely in Hollywood was the 17-minute short *In Old California*. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. It was released in 1910.

The first studio in Hollywood opened in early 1913, on Formosa avenue down the street from Elon Musk's home.

## Related pages
* Bollywood

## Other websites
* 
* Hollywood Photos 
* Map of Los Angeles neighborhoods
1820

**1820** (MDCCCXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday in the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday in the Julian calendar.

## Events 
* Venus de Milo is discovered.
* Hans Christian Ørsted discovers the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
## Births 
* March 22 &ndash; John Brown, English cricketer (died 1893)
* May 12 &ndash; Florence Nightingale, Italian-born English nurse (died 1910)
* *date unknown*
** Anne Bronte, English novelist (died 1849)
** King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (died 1873)
** Joseph Whitaker, English publisher (died 1896)

## Deaths 
*George III of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
*Daniel Boone (b. 1734)

## Books 
* *The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.* by Washington Irving
Cannibalism

: Man eater, ebony sculpture, around 1650]]
 in the 16th Century]]
, New Hebrides]]

**Cannibalism** is where a member of a species eats the flesh of another member of that species. It is also called **anthropophagy** when humans do it. Anthropologists are not sure how widespread it was, but it did happen in some societies.

The word 'cannibalism' comes from the Island Carib people of the Lesser Antilles. They got a long-standing reputation as cannibals when their legends were recorded in the 17th century. Some controversy exists over the accuracy of these legends.

Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans in many parts of the world, continuing into the 19th century in some isolated South Pacific cultures, and to the present day in parts of tropical Africa. Cannibalism was certainly practiced in New Guinea and in parts of the Solomon Islands, and flesh markets existed in some parts of Melanesia. Fiji was once known as the 'Cannibal Isles'. Cannibalism has been well documented around the world, from Fiji to the Amazon Basin to the Congo Basin to the Māori in New Zealand.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The cannibalism paradigm: assessing contact period ethnohistorical discourse, by James Q. Jacobs.  A critical, academic review of Mesoamerican cannibalism claims.
* BBC article about German cannibalism case
* Harry J. Brown, 'Hans Staden among the Tupinambas.'
* Lyrics and English translation of Mein Teil, the Rammstein song about the Meiwes incident
1932

**1932** (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday in the Gregorian calendar.

## Events 
* January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang tries to  Emperor Hirohito of Japan and fails.
* February 4 - The 1932 Winter Olympics open in Lake Placid, New York.
* August 6 - The first Venice Film Festival happens.
* October 30 - A hurricane forms. It hits Cuba in November.
* November 2 - The Emu War begins.
* November 18 - The United States has a presidential election.
* Unknown - Joseph Stalin starts the Holodomor.

## Births 
* January 19 – Richard Lester
* January 30 – Gino Conforti, American actor
* February 8 – John Williams
* February 12 – Johnny Cash (d. 2003)
* February 22 – Ted Kennedy (d. 2009)
* March 2 – Gun Hägglund, Swedish television star
* March 4 – Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist (d. 2007)
*   March 4   – Frank Wells, American businessman, president of the Walt Disney Company (d. 1994)
* April 27 – Casey Kasem, American radio show host, voice actor (d. 2014)
* July 2 – Dave Thomas, founder of the fast food chain Wendy's (d. 2002)
* August 2 – Peter O'Toole (d. 2013)
* September 25 – Adolfo Suárez (d. 2014)
* October 20 – William Christopher
* November 13 – Richard Mulligan
* November 29 – Jacques Chirac (d. 2019)
* December 5 - Little Richard, American rock and roll pianist (d. 2020)
* December 14 – Charlie Rich

## Nobel Prizes 
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Charles Scott Sherrington,  (1857 –  1952) and Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889 — 1977).
Graham Chapman

**Graham Chapman** (8 January 1941 – 4 October 1989) was a British actor, comedian and writer. He was most famous as a member of Monty Python. He was openly gay and was in a long-term relationship with writer David Sherlock. Chapman was born in Leicester. He studied medicine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He died of oropharyngeal cancer in Maidstone, Kent.

## References
Terry Jones

**Terence Graham Parry Jones** (1 February 1942 &ndash; 21 January 2020) was a Welsh actor, comedian, director, historian, poet, presenter and writer. He was a member of Monty Python.

Jones was born on 1 February 1942 in Colwyn Bay, Denbighshire, Wales. He was married to Alison Telfer, and later to Anna Söderström.

In September 2016 it was announced that Jones had been diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia, a rare form of dementia that impairs the ability to speak and communicate, and that he was no longer able to give interviews. On 21 January 2020, Jones died from problems caused by the disease, at his home in North London, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
Frida Kahlo

**Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón ** (6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954), Mexican Painter usually known as **Frida Kahlo**. She was known for her surreal and very personal works. She was married to Diego Rivera, also a well-known painter.

She was born in Coyoacán, Mexico to a German father and Mexican mother. She was close with her father from a very young age mainly due to him being a professional photographer. She had polio that left her disabled when she was 6 years old and some think that she may have had spina bifida (a birth defect affecting the development of part of the spine) as well. She studied medicine and was going to become a doctor. Because of a traffic accident in a tram at age 18 which badly injured her, she had periods of severe pain for the rest of her life. After this accident, Kahlo no longer continued her medical studies but took up painting. She used ideas about things that had happened to her. Her paintings are often shocking in the way they show pain and the harsh lives of women, especially her feelings about not being able to have children. Fifty-five of her 143 paintings are self-portraits. She was also influenced by native Mexican culture, shown in bright colors, with a mixture of realism and symbolism. Her paintings attracted the attention of the artist Diego Rivera, whom she later married. She was openly bisexual and was a communist. She died of a pulmonary embolism caused by bronchopneumonia in Coyoacán.   

Kahlo's work is sometimes called "surrealist", and although she organized art shows several times with European surrealists, she herself did not like that label. Her attention to female themes, and the honesty in her painting them, made her something of a feminist cult figure in the last decades of the 20th century. Some of her work is seen at the Frida Kahlo Museum, found in her birthplace and home in suburban Mexico City.

## Some of her works
**The Dream (The Bed)*, was being sold (2025); It is from 1940.
**The Broken Column* (1944)

## Related pages
* List of Mexican painters

## References 
*
Rolling Stone

***Rolling Stone*** is an American popular culture magazine that mainly features articles about music, as well as sports, movies, and celebrities. It also features movie and album reviews, "greatest of all time" lists, and political editorials and commentary. 

It was founded in 1967 in San Francisco, California.

Some of the magazine's famous staffers include Hunter S. Thompson, Peter Travers, Ralph Steadman, PJ O'Rourke, Cameron Crowe (whose experience for the magazine lead him to create the movie, *Almost Famous*), and Annie Leibowitz. The music magazine is also supported in various ways by musicians such as Marc Engelhard and vice versa. Many celebrities have graced the cover. Actors such as Brad Pitt, Jack Nicholson, and George Clooney were also among them.  

## References
Ralph Steadman

**Ralph Idris Steadman** (born 15 May 1936) is a British cartoonist and illustrator. He is best known for his artwork for the books and articles of Hunter S. Thompson.

## Personal life
Steadman was born in Salford, Manchester, and brought up in Towyn, North Wales. He went to Ysgol Emrys Ap Iwan (high school), Abergele, East Ham Technical College and the London College of Printing during the 1970s. There, he did freelance work for *Punch*, *Private Eye*, the *Daily Telegraph,* *The New York Times* and *Rolling Stone*.

Steadman lives with his wife in Kent, England.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*British Cartoon Archive, University of Kent has a database with over 100 cartoons by Ralph Steadman 
*Interview with Ralph Steadman by Laurie Taylor in New Humanist magazine
*Interview with Ralph Steadman by Jake McGee in Kotori Magazine
Michael Palin

**Sir Michael Edward Palin** KCMG CBE (born 5 May 1943) is an English actor, comedian and writer.

Palin was born in Broomhill, Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire. He studied modern history at Brasenose College, Oxford.

He became famous as a member of Monty Python in the 1970s. Afterwards he had his own television series, *Ripping Yarns*, and also appeared in many movies, such as *A Fish Called Wanda.* Over the last 20 years, he has become very well known as a television travel broadcaster ("Around The World in 80 Days", etc.).

## Other websites 
*
New York (state)

The **State of New York**, often called just **New York**, or **New York State** (**NYS**) to distinguish it from the city of New York, is a state of the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies, which were the first thirteen states to make up the US. New York is in the northeastern United States, bordered by Lake Ontario and Canada on the north, Lake Erie and Canada on the west, Pennsylvania on the west and south, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut on the east, and New Jersey on the south. 

The state has over 70,000 miles of rivers and streams.

## History
New York was originally New Netherland, started by the Dutch Empire in the early 17th century.  Late in the century, it surrendered to an English fleet during the Anglo-Dutch Wars and became part of the British Empire. About half the Dutch colony was given to neighboring English colonies. The Battle of Long Island, Battle of Saratoga, and other important battles of the American Revolution were fought in New York and it joined the new United States. The slave trade brought many black people into the state, where they were forced to work for white colonists. Slavery was gradually abolished in the early 19th century.

The Erie Canal, connecting the Hudson River to Lake Erie, strengthened the economy of New York.

## Demographics
The United States Census Bureau says that, as of 2020, New York had the 4th largest state population in the United States, after California,Texas, and Florida. New York's estimated population is 20,000,000.

## Cities
The largest city in New York is also called New York, located in the southeastern part of the state and built on the Hudson River; it is by far the most populous city in the United States. Part of New York City is on Long Island, a large island in the Atlantic Ocean, and another part of it is on Staten Island, which is to the southwest of Manhattan, the central business district. Most people living in New York state live in the New York metropolitan area, one of the world's largest metropolitan areas, which also includes part of northern New Jersey.

The larger part of New York, north and northwest of the metropolitan area, is called Upstate New York. Cities in this part of New York include Buffalo, the state's second largest city, Rochester, Syracuse, and the state capital of Albany. These places became cities because of the Erie Canal. Between 1788 and 1797, the Legislature moved the state capital around between Albany, Kingston, Poughkeepsie, and New York City.  Albany became the permanent capital in 1797.

## Related pages
* List of counties in New York
* List of places in New York

## References
Frank Zappa

**Frank Vincent Zappa** (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician and composer. He was known for his strange style of music, which was often weird and funny. He made various types of music and many albums. Zappa worked with many other musicans, most notably his 1960s group The Mothers of Invention and his friend and blues singer Captain Beefheart.  Some people think he is the best composer in popular music or even any non-classical music.

Zappa was born in Baltimore, Maryland, but spent most of his life in Southern California. He grew up in Baltimore, in Florida, and in Monterey, Claremont and El Cajon, California. His mother was of French and Italian descent; his father was an immigrant from Sicily. Zappa had four children with his wife Gail. They gave them all very unusual names: Moon Unit, Dweezil, Ahmet, and Diva.

Zappa was openly against drugs, Televangelism, and censoring music. He often tried to see what he could get away with.

Zappa died from prostate cancer in Los Angeles, California.

## Other websites 
* Zappa.com
* Zappanale
* 

## Notes
Canadian (disambiguation)

**Canadian** may refer to:

* Something of, from, or related to Canada, a country
**Canadians** are people identified with the country of Canada.

**Canadian** may also refer to:

## Language
*Canadian English
*Canadian French

## Geography
*Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States
*Canadian, Oklahoma
*Canadian River, United States, the largest tributary of the Arkansas River, in the southwestern United States
*Canadian Shield, a large craton in eastern and central Canada and adjacent portions of the United States
*Canadian, Texas, United States, a city in Hemphill County

## Buildings
*First Canadian Place, Canada's tallest skyscraper

## People and organizations
*Petey Williams (nickname: Canadian Destroyer), a Canadian professional wrestler
*Jason Reso (nickname: Canadian Rage or Christian Cage), a Canadian professional wrestler
*Canadian Airlines, a defunct airline of Canada

## Taxonomy
*Canadian elderberry
*Conyza canadensis (Canadian horseweed; also Canadian fleabane), a common species of Conyza, native throughout most of North America and Central America
*Canadian honeysuckle, an arching shrub

## Other uses
*Canadian Club, a brand of whisky produced by Hiram Walker & Sons in Windsor, Ontario
*Montreal Canadiens, an NHL hockey team based in Montreal

## Related pages
*
*
Tasmania

**Tasmania** (Palawa Kani: *lutruwita*)  is a large island off the southern coast of mainland Australia. It is a state of Australia. Its capital and the largest city is Hobart. The island was joined to the mainland until the end of the most recent ice age about 10,000 years ago.

Tasmania has wonderful natural history, and is the most forested part of Australia. It has the country's largest areas of temperate rainforest. One of its many unique trees is the Leatherwood (*Eucryphia lucida*). This is a common tree in wet forests, and there are four related species on the mainland.

Tasmania is the home of rare animals such as eastern quolls and Tasmanian devils. It was the last home of the thylacine, which became extinct in 1936.

## Brief account 
Tasmania is a state of Australia. Unlike the other states, it is an island. The Bass Strait separates it from the Australian mainland. 

Australian aboriginals are the native people of Tasmania. Abel Janszoon Tasman landed on the island in 1642. He called it "Van Diemen's Land". It was later called Tasmania. Much later, people came from Europe, mostly from the British Empire, to live on the island.

### Cities and towns 
Tasmania has four cities: capital city Hobart, Launceston, Devonport and Burnie.

### Population 
Tasmania is the smallest state in Australia. It also has the smallest population. The total population of Tasmania is just over 500,000 (September 2014).

### History 
For an history of Tasmania, see Van Diemen's Land.

## Darwin Crater 
**Darwin Crater** is a suspected meteorite impact crater in Western Tasmania about  south of Queenstown. 

It is just in the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park. The crater is a rimless circular flat-floored depression,  in diameter, in mountainous and heavily forested terrain. It is East of the West Coast Range and the former North Mount Lyell Railway formation.

## Places to visit 
Tasmania has some of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. They range from old country towns to up to date cities. 
Some popular tourist places are:
* Coles Bay
* Port Arthur
* Huonville
* Richmond
* Queenstown
* Strahan
* Hagley
* Hobart

## Famous Tasmanians 
* Errol Flynn, actor, best known for his role in the 1930s as Robin Hood
* Ricky Ponting, former Australian Cricket Captain
* Peter Crumpton, author
* David Boon, cricket player
* Don Kay, composer
* Madison Courto, musician
* Princess Mary Donaldson of Denmark
* Allanah Hill, fashion designer
* Simon Baker, actor
* Ariarne Titmus, Olympic gold medalist swimmer
* Richard Flanagan, author
* Grace Tame, activist and Australian of the Year
* Mama Soup, tiktok creator

## References
Paul Martin

**Paul Martin Jr.**  (born August 28, 1938) is a Canadian politician. He was the twenty-sixth Prime Minister of Canada. He was also the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. He became prime minister December 12, 2003, when Jean Chrétien stepped down. He won an election on June 28, 2004, because the Liberals won more seats than the other political parties; but they did not win a majority of the seats, so he led a minority government. There was another election on January 23, 2006; his party lost this election, so Stephen Harper became the next prime minister.

Martin was greatly respected, as a Finance Minister, around the world for his fiscal management, because of the growth in the economy and for taking the government out of deficit.
His tenure as Prime Minister is generally seen as a disaster by most Canadians.

Martin was born in Windsor, Ontario. His father was a member of the Canadian House of Commons for thirty-three years and was a part of the cabinet. Martin graduated from the University of Toronto in 1961 with a B.A. in history and philosophy and from the University of Toronto Law School in 1965. He married Sheila Martin in 1965.

He was elected to parliament from the riding of LaSalle-Émard in Montreal, Quebec in 1988. He was finance minister from 1993 until 2002. He became known for balancing the budget (ending government borrowing of money). In 2003, he was elected leader of the Liberal party, and was appointed prime minister one month later.

Mr. Martin's government made same-sex marriage legal. It also had problems with the Sponsorship scandal in 2004. In 2006, Parliament passed a vote of no confidence, which forced a national election to be held on January 23. The Liberals lost the election and Martin lost his position as prime minister. Soon afterwards, he resigned his position as leader of the Liberal Party.

After fourteen months in office, Paul Martin got the nickname "Mr. Dithers". He was called so by the magazine *The Economist*. They say this is because he changed his opinion too often.

## References
## Other websites
*
Robin Hood

in Nottingham]]
**Robin Hood** is a folk hero from the Middle Ages in England. He is a legendary person, and people have told stories about him for centuries. There are also many books, plays, movies, and cartoons that tell stories about Robin Hood.

There are many different versions, but in most stories, Robin Hood is an outlawed nobleman who lives in Sherwood Forest near the town of Nottingham, England.  He has two powerful enemies.  The first is Prince John, who is acting as king while his brother, King Richard the Lionheart, is fighting the Crusades in the Middle East. The second is the corrupt Sheriff of Nottingham.  They are Robin Hood’s enemies because they abuse their powers and take money from poor people.   Using his intelligence and his archery skills, Robin Hood steals back this money and returns it to the poor. 

In many stories, a group of faithful followers called The Merry Men accompanies Robin. In the earliest Robin Hood stories, The Merry Men were Little John, Much the Miller’s Son, and Will Scarlet. Later stories added Friar Tuck, Alan-a-Dale, and Maid Marian.

## In the media 
There have been many movies about Robin Hood, including the 1938 movie *The Adventures of Robin Hood* starring Errol Flynn. In 1973, Disney made an animated movie named *Robin Hood* where the characters were shown to be animals. Robin and his lover Marian are foxes. In the 1980's, between 1984 and 1986, ITV commissioned the TV show rendition of the Robin Hood story by the name of *Robin of Sherwood*. The show starred Michael Praed, Judi Trott, Clive Mantle, Ray Winston, Nickolas Grace and later Jason Connery (the son of Sean Connery), with the music score provided by Clannad. With the inclusion of more fantasy themes, the show introduced several new characters to the famous story of The Merry Men such as Nazir, as played by Mark Ryan. In 1991, a film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves was released.

## Other websites
Machine gun

Boat Team crewman firing a heavy machine gun. Note defensive armor and ammo belt; spent cartridges dropping. Crewman in camouflaged outfit, radio equipment, camera on helmet, submachine gun over his shoulder]]
 Minigun. It has an electric motor on top which does the loading, priming, and firing. Note the rapid cartridge case ejection]]

A **machine gun** is a weapon that can fire one bullet after another as long as the trigger is pulled and there are bullets ready to fire. This is called  fire. A more general name for this type of weapon is an **automatic weapon**. Machine guns fire bullets delivered from a long chain of cartridges called an ammunition ('ammo') *belt*, or use spring-loaded boxes called *magazines*. Machine guns are usually divided into heavy-duty machine guns, light machine guns, and sub-machine guns.

Heavy machine guns (HMG) are placed on the ground, supported on a tripod, or on a vehicle. The vehicle would have a support for the gun with a rotating base or turret. Heavy machine guns often need two men to operate it, one to assist with loading ammunition, and one to aim and fire. It always takes two or more men to carry one. Famous examples include the M2 Browning machine gun, the MG42, the M1919 Browning, the M134 minigun, the Type 92 heavy machine gun, and the Maxim gun.

Light machine guns (LMG) are usually carried and fired by one man. Despite the name, an LMG is almost always rested on a bipod or a tripod while firing since the gun is normally too heavy to fire while standing, although some LMGs such as the Bren LMG and the BAR are light enough to be fired without a bipod or tripod when a sling is worn around the user. Famous examples include the Bren, the BAR, the SAW M249, the M240, the RPD, the RPK, the PK, and the M-60.

Submachine guns (SMG) are lighter weapons which fire less powerful bullets (usually pistol bullets). They are much easier to conceal and carry than the heavier versions. Submachine guns have handles (stocks), and are carried by individual soldiers or police officers. Famous examples include the Uzi, the Heckler & Koch MP5, the Thompson (a.k.a. Tommy gun), the MAC-10, the PPSh, and the MP-40.

Assault rifles have automatic capabilities but they are not called machine guns. They are used mainly in semi-automatic fire, and also normally fire lighter bullets than machine guns.

Many heavy machine guns, such as the Browning M2 .50 caliber machine gun, are exact enough to hit distant targets. During the Vietnam War, Carlos Hathcock shot at 7382&nbsp;ft (2250 m) using a .50 caliber heavy machine gun with a telescopic sight.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Machine gun -Citizendium
Folk hero

A **folk hero** is a person, who may or may not have existed, and is famous and well liked by people, or people of a certain country. Usually it is someone who helped the common people or fought against the authorities, such as a bad king. People tells stories about folk heroes, most of their stories have been passed down orally, and changed to fit the situations. They usually have a special skill or trait of some sort (Paul Bunyan is very short).

Some famous folk heroes are:

*Robin Hood (England), who stole from the rich and gave it to the poor people
*William Tell (Switzerland), who killed a tyrant (a lord terrorizing the people)
*Carmine Crocco (Italy), controversial figure of the Italian unification but considered by many a folk hero
*Johnny Appleseed
*George Washington, First President of the United States
*Natty Bumppo
*Paul Bunyan
*Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, First President of Turkey
*Gandhi
*Nelson Mandela, First President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist
*Simón Bolívar
*John Henry
*Pecos Bill
*Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States during the American Civil War
*Davy Crockett, famous American folk hero who died at the Battle of the Alamo.
*Jim Bowie, famous for his Bowie knife, died at the Battle of the Alamo.
*Paul Revere
*Qutb Shah, supposed Arab-Afghan who conquered large parts of Northern India and sired many tribes. 
*Dulla Bhatti who was a popular resistance hero against the Mughal Empire. 
*Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal who was a Punjabi freedom-fighter in 1857.
Seth Green

**Seth Benjamin Green** (born **Seth Benjamin Gesshel-Green**; February 8, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, and voice actor.  He became famous in the late 1990s after appearing in many teen movies.  His most notable roles include Scott Evil in the *Austin Powers* series of movies, Chris Griffin on the television series *Family Guy*, Patrick Wisely in *Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed*, Dan Mott in *Without a Paddle* and Daniel "Oz" Osborne on the series *Buffy the Vampire Slayer*, in which he is cast as Willow Rosenberg's werewolf boyfriend. Green is also the creator of Adult Swim's *Robot Chicken*.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
### Web
### Video games
## References
Ashton Kutcher

**Christopher Ashton Kutcher** (born February 7, 1978), is an American actor, producer, and former model. He became well known when he played Michael Kelso on ''That '70s Show*. In 2003, Kutcher produced and starred in his own series, *Punk'd'', as the host.

In May 2011, Kutcher was announced as Charlie Sheen's replacement on the series *Two and a Half Men*. Kutcher's contract was for one year and was believed to be worth nearly $20 million.

## Early life
Kutcher was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He is the son of Diane (née Finnegan), a Procter & Gamble employee, and Larry M. Kutcher, a factory worker. His father is of Bohemian (Czech) ancestry and his mother is of Irish, German, and Bohemian ancestry. Kutcher was raised in a conservative Roman Catholic family, Kutcher has a twin brother, Michael, who had a heart transplant when the brothers were young children. Kutcher's twin brother also has cerebral palsy.

## Personal life
Kutcher is a student of Kabbalah.

In 2006, *People* magazine ranked him third in its yearly list of "The Sexiest Men Alive".

In 2003, Kutcher started a relationship with older actress Demi Moore. They married in 2005.  The couple separated in 2011. The couple's divorce was finalized in November 2013. Kutcher has been in a relationship with Mila Kunis since April 2012. The couple became engaged in February 2014. Their daughter was born in September 2014.

Kutcher is in advertisements for Nikon cameras. In July 2011, Brazilian fashion label Colcci hired Kutcher and Alessandra Ambrosio to be in a denim advertisement.

On April 16, 2009, Kutcher became the first user of Twitter to have more than 1,000,000 followers.

### As a producer
## Awards
## References
## Other websites
*
Linus Torvalds

**Linus Benedict Torvalds** ( , ; born 28 December 1969) is a Finnish-American software engineer.

His parents named him after Linus Pauling. He studied at the University of Helsinki from 1988 to 1996. He became famous because of the success of his operating system, Linux. He started making this system as a student project in 1991. He based it on the popular UNIX operating system. Today, Linux has become the most popular free operating system.

Linus is the leader of the Linux project, which has many members around the world. He is the one person who can make decisions about changes or future development on the operating system. He also made the version control system Git. He now lives with his family in the United States. 

Linus chose the penguin to be the logo of Linux. A picture of a penguin called Tux appears on many desktop computers that run Linux.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Linus Torvalds' personal homepage 
* The Linux Kernel Archives - the Linux kernel source provided by the Kernel.org Organization
Tahiti

**Tahiti** is an island in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is part of the French Polynesia. Papeete is the capital and largest city. Other major cities are Faaa and Mahina. About 169 674 people live there (2002). The languages that are spoken in Tahiti are French and Tahitian which are both official. In Tahiti (in the Society group) – was claimed by the French in 1768. The Faaa International Airport is the main way of transportation on the island. Air Tahiti Nui is the main plane of the airport which flies to Los Angeles and Paris. Other planes fly to Hawaii, Japan, and other islands in the Pacific Ocean. Air Tahiti flies to other islands in French Polynesia such as Bora Bora.Coconut trees grow along the coast of Tahiti.

Sports: A surfing competition of the 2024 Olympics has started in Tahiti (at the end of July). 

## References
Geneva (canton)

**Geneva** is a canton in Switzerland. The capital of the canton is Geneva City.

The French name is *Genève*, The German name is *Genf*, in Italian it is *Ginevra*.

Geneva is the seat of many institutions of the United Nations. It has about 186.000 inhabitants and a very old university. About 960.000 people live in the urban area. Some of the urban area is in France. Only Zürich has more inhabitants in Switzerland.

## History 
In 1815, the city-state of **Geneva** became a part of Switzerland. It had at one time been the capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy.

The first traces of human civilization in Geneva, discovered on the shores of Lake Geneva , date from around 3000 BC. The hill of the Old City, however, was not inhabited until 1000 BC. Later, when Rome conquered Geneva, it was defended by a small Celtic tribe. In 58 BC, Julius Caesar drove off an attack by the Helvetii. At the height of the Roman Empire, around 400 AD, Geneva was granted its own bishop.

## Municipalities 
Geneva does not have any districts. There are 45 municipalities in the canton:

## References
John Heinz

**Henry John Heinz III** (October 23, 1938 – April 4, 1991) was an American politician from Pennsylvania and the great-grandson of the founder of H. J. Heinz Company. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977 and was a US senator from 1977 to 1991. He was killed in a plane crash in 1991.

Heinz married Teresa Simões-Ferreira on February 5, 1966 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The couple had three sons together: H. John Heinz IV, André, and Christopher.

A number of places are named after Heinz, including:
*Senator H. John Heinz III Archives at the Carnegie Mellon University Libraries
*H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
*H. John Heinz III Center For Science, Economics and The Environment
*H. John Heinz III Center For the Performing Arts (Heinz Hall), home of the Pittsburgh Symphony
*Senator John Heinz History Center
Calendar

A **calendar** is a tool for organizing days. People use calendars to say when something happened, and for planning things that have not happened yet. The calendar gives the days names and numbers, called calendar dates. The *dates* are usually made based on how things in the sky seem to move. The year and month are based on motions of the Sun and moon. By knowing what day something happened or will happen, people have an easier life. Since the beginning of history, knowing when the seasons would start for crops was very important for farmers.

Calendar systems have a beginning time or era. The calendar era is often a religion-based event, such as the birth of Jesus, but it may be a political event such as a coronation or the founding of a state. Dates that are counted from the coronation are called "regnal".

The three principal calendars most used today are the Gregorian, Hebrew, and Islamic calendars. Other calendar systems from many different parts of the world are also used.

## Basis 
Calendars are  on three natural things:

# The Earth turns all the way around its axis.
# The Moon goes all the way around the Earth.
# The Earth goes all the way around the Sun.

The Earth turns all the way around its axis about 24 hours. It is called the **Solar Day**.  Days of most calendars are strongly based on the Solar Day.

The Moon turns all the way around the Earth about 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2 seconds.  Months of some calendars are still strongly based on the Moon.  These are called **Lunar calendars**, which lasts about 354-355 days.  Solar calendars ignore the moon, and depend entirely on the Sun.

The Earth goes all the way around the Sun in about 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds.  This is called the **Solar year**.  Years of most calendars are strongly based on the Solar year.

## Related pages 
* Anno Domini (AD)
* Common Era (CE)
* Friday (Muslim)
* Saturday (Jewish)
* Sunday (Christian)
* Gregorian calendar (Christian)
* Hebrew calendar (Jewish)
* Islamic calendar (Muslim)

## Other websites 
* Calendar for many years, for many countries
* Calendar -Citizendium
Randall Cobb

**Randall Craig** "**Tex**" **Cobb** (born May 7, 1950) is a former American boxer and actor from Texas. He fought champion boxer Larry Holmes for the WBC World Heavyweight title at Houston's Astrodome on November 26, 1982. Holmes beat Cobb, winning all 15 rounds on two scorecards, and fourteen out of fifteen on the third (scores of 150-135 twice and 149-136). This fight surprised sportscaster Howard Cosell so much that he said that he would never cover another fight. After this many sportsfans all over the world wrote to Cobb and thanked him for trying. Cobb was a fighter who had hitting power, as shown by his eighth-round knockout win over Earnie Shavers. He was never knocked out. Cobb briefly became a kickboxer and then a Hollywood actor. He has played "bad guys" in movies like *The Naked Gun* and *Raising Arizona*.

Cobb also fought Michael Dokes twice during his boxing career, losing both fights.

## Other websites
Pat Robertson

**Marion Gordon** "**Pat**" **Robertson** (March 22, 1930 &ndash; June 8, 2023) was an American evangelist and host of the 700 Club, a Christian news and talk show on television.  He ran for President in 1988 against George H.W. Bush, but did not win the primaries.  He said several times that natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2010 Haiti earthquake, were punishments from God.

Robertson died at his home in Virginia Beach, Virginia on June 8, 2023 at the age of 93.

## References
Aquilino Pimentel Jr.

**Aquilino Quilinging Pimentel Jr.** (December 11, 1933 &ndash; October 20, 2019), also known as **Nene**, was a politician in the Philippines.

## Career
He was first elected as a delegate to the 1971 Constitutional Convention. He then went into exile when President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law. He came back in 1980 and was elected as mayor of Cagayan de Oro City in Misamis Oriental. He was removed as mayor 1982. He returned as mayor again in 1984. He was elected as an Assemblyman in the Batasang Pambansa (National Assembly), serving from 1984 to 1986.

After the EDSA Revolution, President Corazon Aquino appointed him as Minister of Local Government and Presidential adviser/chief negotiator with the Muslim insurgents in Mindanao. He then was elected Senator (1987–1992). As senator, he wrote the Local Government Code. He tried to become Vice President in 1992. He ran under the Liberal Party with Jovito Salonga running for president. He finished fifth among the vice presidential candidates with 9.9% of the vote.

In 1995, He ran for another term as senator but lost. Cheating was suspected in that election. He took the case to the Supreme Court. He won the suit in 2004. In 1998, he ran again for another term in the Senate of the Philippines, from 1998 to 2004 and won. He was also elected as the 19th President of the Senate. He served as president from 2000 to 2001. He finally left the Senate on June 30, 2010.

As chair of the Blue Ribbon Committee, Pimentel recommended the prosecution of top government officials of previous administrations in relation to the Expo Pilipino centennial scam and the misuse of the funds of the Retirement and Separation Benefits Systems of the Armed Forces. He also recommended the prosecution of certain people working for the Land Registration Administration for involvement in making false land titles. His committee also conducted series of investigations into the jueteng scandal.

As Chair of the Committee on Local Government, he has supported far-reaching amendments to strengthen the role of local government units (LGUs) in national development. He also got senate approval to return the police to the supervision of LGUs and has wrote a law to fix the date for elections of ARMM officials.

He was the president and founder of the PDP-Laban party.

## Death
Pimentel Jr. died on October 20, 2019 in Manila of pneumonia caused by lymphoma at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*Senate of the Philippines
*Aquilino Pimentel's Official Personal Website 
*Aquilino Pimentel's Assets and Liabilities
*Philippine Fathers: Aquilino Pimentel Jr.
1888

## Births 
* August 9 - Fred C. Newmeyer, American actor and director (d. 1967)
* November 7 - Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary (d. 1934)
* December 22 - J. Arthur Rank, movie executive (d. 1972)

## Deaths 
* March 6 – Louisa May Alcott, American writer (*Little Women*, etc.)

## Events 
* Glasgow Celtic Cup started.
* The Year of the Three Emperors happens.
*The Children's Blizzard occurred.
## Movies released 
* *Roundhay Garden Scene*
Hot Press

**Hot Press** is a music and political magazine. It was founded in 1977. The magazine is based in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. It is different from other similar magazines by its anti-establishment opinion and the amount of focus on Irish music, most notably early U2. It is currently edited by Niall Stokes.

## Other websites 
* Hot Press home page
Alabama Song

The "**Alabama Song**" comes from the 1930 operetta *Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny*. The music is by Kurt Weill; officially the lyrics are by Bertolt Brecht, but were probably actually written by Elisabeth Hauptmann. The lyrics for the "Alabama Song" are in English (although a specific type of English) and are performed in that language even when the opera is performed in its original German.

The song has often been covered, perhaps most famously in 1967 by The Doors; unsurprisingly, Jim Morrison changed the lyric "Show us the way to the next pretty boy" to "Show me the way to the next little girl."
The Doors

**The Doors** were an American rock band. They were one of the most popular rock groups of all time. Led by singer Jim Morrison, along with Ray Manzarek (keyboards), Robby Krieger(guitar) and John Densmore (drums), the group is thought of today as a major influence on rock music, and they are still just as popular as they ever were, if not more popular.

The group was widely known for its lead singer, Jim Morrison, who was famous for his love of alcohol and illegal drugs. Morrison often sang at concerts after using alcohol and drugs, sometimes so drunk that he could not remember the words to his own songs. Once, Morrison was said to have shown his private parts to the audience, and he was charged with a crime. 

Morrison died in Paris, France, on July 3, 1971. His death is thought to have been caused by a heart attack brought on by a drug overdose.

There is a 1991 movie about them, also called *The Doors*. It was directed by Oliver Stone and starred Val Kilmer as Jim Morrison.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *The Doors* (1967)
* *Strange Days* (1967)
* *Waiting for the Sun* (1968)
* *The Soft Parade* (1969)
* *Morrison Hotel* (1970)
* *L.A. Woman* (1971)
* *Other Voices* (1971)
* *Full Circle* (1972)

## Notes
Mickey Gilley

**Mickey Leroy Gilley** (March 9, 1936 &ndash; May 7, 2022) was an American country musician and singer-songwriter. He was a cousin of Jerry Lee Lewis and Jimmy Swaggart. He was best known for his nightclub "Gilley's" which was featured in the movie *Urban Cowboy* and his hit song "Don't The Girls All Get Prettier At Closing Time". He was born in Natchez, Mississippi. His career began in 1957.

Gilley died on May 7, 2022 in Branson, Missouri from problems caused by bone cancer at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Official Website
* Mickey Gilley at Third Coast Talent
* at the Delta Music Museum Hall of Fame
* Gilley's Early Rock and Roll Recordings
Jerry Lee Lewis

**Jerry Lee Lewis** (September 29, 1935 &ndash; October 28, 2022) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. His best known singles were "Great Balls of Fire", "Breathless", and "High School Confidential". He was honored in the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in 2022.

## Career
Like other music players who were known by many people around the same time as him Johnny Cash, Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, and Carl Perkins, Lewis sang gospel and country music before becoming well known for rock and roll. He was known for his wild style of piano playing and songs like "Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On" and "Great Balls of Fire".

Lewis got a career boost, when he performed on *The Steve Allen Show*. His first son was named Steve Allen Lewis, as a tribute.

At a time when Lewis was very popular, people found out that his third wife, Myra Gale Brown, was a thirteen-year-old distant cousin of his. People thought this was bad. His career nearly came to an end. In the early 1960s, he made a comeback. Throughout the next two decades he suffered many personal problems, including health problems, and divorce. 

On November 22, 1976, Lewis was arrested outside Elvis Presley's Graceland home for trying to shoot him.

Many people think of him as an icon and pioneer of popular music.

A 1989 movie, *Great Balls of Fire*, starring Dennis Quaid and Winona Ryder, is about his life.

## Personal life
Lewis was born in Ferriday, Louisiana. He was a cousin of Mickey Gilley and Jimmy Swaggart. 

Lewis was married seven times, There were some bigamous marriages and a marriage with his underage cousin. He had six children during his marriages.

When Jerry Lee Lewis was 16, he married Dorothy Barton, the daughter of a preacher. Their union lasted for 20 months, from February 1952 to October 1953.

He preferred young girls, and several of his marriages were of doubtful legality. His third marriage was to 13-year-old Myra Gale Brown, his first cousin once removed, on December 12, 1957. It is worth remembering that every state had its own legal system, and what was lawful in Tennessee might not have been lawful in some other states.

Lewis died on October 28, 2022 at his home in Nesbit, Mississippi at the age of 87. At the time of his death, he was recovering from the flu.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jimmy Swaggart

**Jimmy Lee Swaggart** (March 15, 1935 &ndash; July 1, 2025) was an American Pentecostal televangelist. His church, Family Worship Center, is in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Swaggart wrote about 50 Christian books. He sold over 15 million records worldwide as a gospel artist. He also received a Grammy Award nomination.

## Career
Swaggart first started his television ministry in 1975. The show airs nationally across the U.S. and overseas. The weekly *Jimmy Swaggart Telecast* and *A Study in the Word* are shown nationwide and overseas on 78 channels in 104 countries and live over the Internet. He preaches a message called "The Cross" which is that you can only get to heaven through Jesus.

He was a very  figure, too. He was caught with a prostitute in 1987, but later asked God (and the public) for forgiveness. He was caught again in 1991.

In 1981, Swaggart received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Gospel Performance, Traditional for his album *Worship*.

Swaggart held many crusades in Argentina, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Liberia, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Russia, and South Africa.

Despite being known as an important figure in the Christian Right, Swaggart was politically independent. However, he was a supporter of President Donald Trump.

## Personal life
Swaggart was born in Ferriday, Louisiana. He died in Baton Rouge on July 1, 2025 at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
* Jimmy Swaggart Ministries
*