open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
OpenOffice Math

**OpenOffice Math** is a tool for creating and editing mathematical formulas, similar to  Microsoft Equation Editor and is part of the OpenOffice office suite. The created formulas can then be put into other OpenOffice.org documents, for example, those created by Writer. It allows multiple fonts and can export to PDF.

Released under the terms of the Apache License, Math is free software.

## Related pages
* OpenOffice.org
* LibreOffice
* Microsoft Equation Editor

## References
## Other websites 
* Product information page from the OpenOffice.org website
* Official FAQ from the OpenOffice.org website
* Formula Reference and How-to from the official How-to documentation
*  - includes lots of examples of how to use OOMath

### Related Applications 
*Dmaths is a Math enhancement package for OpenOffice.org licensed under GPL.
*OOoLateX is a set of OpenOffice.org macros designed to integrate LaTeX equations (OOoForum discussion )
Tony Lazzeri

**Anthony Michael Lazzeri** (December 6, 1903 – August 6, 1946) was a Major League Baseball player, mostly for the New York Yankees. He is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. He won the World Series with the Yankees in 1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, and 1937.

## Other websites
*
Revolution Studios

**Revolution Studios** is a Los Angeles-based independent movie and television production company. It was founded on January 12, 2000 by Joe Roth. The company closed in 2007. In 2017, the company returned to production of movies with their release *XXX: Return of Xander Cage*.

## References
Anadarko, Oklahoma

**Anadarko** is the county seat of Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 5,745 at the 2020 census.

## References
Cyrus Avery

**Cyrus Stevens Avery** (1871–1963) was known as the "Father of Route 66".  He created the route while a member of the federal board appointed to create the Federal Highway System, then pushed for the establishment of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to pave and promote the highway.

## References
U.S. Route 66

**U.S. Route 66** (also known as **Route 66**, **U.S. Highway 66**, **The Main Street of America**, **The Mother Road** and the **Will Rogers Highway**) was a highway in the U.S. Highway System. One of the original U.S. highways, Route 66 was established on November 11, 1926.  However, road signs did not go up until the following year. The famous highway originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through the U.S. states of Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, before ending at Los Angeles, running a total of . It was replaced by freeways starting in the 1950s and stopped being a highway in 1985.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website of Historic Route 66 (National Scenic Byway) in Illinois
* Route 66 : From Chicago to California 

 in Seligman, Arizona. The eatery is still a popular tourist stop.]]
Kata

**Kata** (型, 形 means: "the form") is a Japanese word which is used in some martial arts and theatre (as kabuki). In karate, this word describes a simulation of combat—the sequence of movements—which is given in detail and is trained individually or in group. Before learning it, the martial artist has to try the training of basic technique called *kihon*.

Such simulation represents a sequence of movements, the attack and the defence in an imagined combat. Every attack must be made as if there were an opponent in front of the karateka (the karate fighter) in order to reach him, and every defence must be made as if the opponent attacked in a real situation of danger. Every movement has an interpretation. The karateka has to show the consideration for its timing and ability to use it.

The goal of the *kata* is help in the development of the qualities and the abilities both psychological and of the body. These abilities are necessary for the real combat.
Punch

**Punch** might mean:
*Punch (strike), to strike with the fist
*Punch (drink), a beverage made with fruit juice
VM (disambiguation)

**VM** is an abbreviation that may stand for:

*VM Corporation, a manufacturer of audio equipment
*VM Motori, a manufacturer of engines
*VM (operating system), IBM's virtual machine operating system
*VM (nerve agent) (NATO designation), a chemical weapon agent
**Veronica Mars*, a TV series
*Viaggio Air (IATA airline designator VG)
*Vietnam (FIPS 10-4 and NATO obsolete country code VM)
*Virgin Media, a major cable provider in the United Kingdom.
*Virgin Mobile, a mobile phone service, a division of Virgin Media
*Virtual machine
*Virtual memory
*Virtuti Militari
*Voicemail
*Voynich manuscript
* When used in an aircraft squadron callsign it denotes fixed wing aircraft in the United States Marine Corp.  
*It is also the extension for Apache Velocity files.
*Variola major, smallpox
*Vasthy Mompoint, a Broadway actress
*Väike-Maarja, Estonia
*Virgin Media
*Vermont
Virtual machine

A **virtual machine** is a program on a computer that works like a separate computer inside the main computer.  The program that controls virtual machines is called a hypervisor, and the computer that is running the virtual machine is called the host.  The hypervisor controls how the virtual machine can access memory, hard drive space, and other resources on the host computer.  Virtual machines can be created through software known as virtualization software (such as VMware Workstation and VirtualBox).

There are many reasons to run a virtual machine:
*It is a simple way to run more than one operating system on the same computer.
*A very powerful server can be split into several smaller virtual machines to use its resources better.
*It can help with security.  If the virtual machine is affected by a virus, the host operating system is unaffected.
*A virtual machine can be completely emulated, as with Java. This lets a program run on different types of computer without having to be converted into a code specific for it. They can communicate even though the programming languages are not the same.

## Related pages
* Grid computing: many computers work together to work like a "virtual supercomputer"
GNewSense

**gNewSense** is a free software-only Debian based distro. The project aims to contain only free software in their distribution.

## Related pages
* Ubuntu

## References
Melon-headed whale

The **Melon-headed Whale** (*Peponocephala electra*) is a mammal of the oceanic dolphin family. 

It is closely related to the Pygmy Killer Whale and the Pilot Whale. These dolphin species are known by the common name "Blackfish". The Melon-headed Whale is widespread throughout the world's tropical waters, although it is not often seen by humans because it prefers to live in deep water.
Nilgai

The **Nilgai** (*Boselaphus tragocamelus*) is an antelope found in Asia. It commonly seen in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and eastern Pakistan. The mature males appear ox-like and are also known as **blue bulls**. The nilgai is the biggest Asian antelope.

The species was described in 1766.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Cultural heritage

**Cultural heritage**, often called "national " or just "heritage", is the legacy of tangible artifacts and intangible attributes, activities or events of a group or society that are left by past generations.

## Related pages
*Archaeological site
*Architecture
*Conservation (art)
Novell

**Novell Inc.** () is a global software corporation based in the United States specializing in enterprise operating systems such as SUSE Linux Enterprise and Novell NetWare; identity, security and systems management solutions; and collaboration solutions. Together with WordPerfect, Novell was instrumental in making the Utah Valley a focus for high-technology software development. Today this area has many small companies whose employees have previously worked at Novell.

## Related pages
* Red Hat Linux
* openSUSE

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website
Continental climate

**Continental climate** is a climate that is characterized by winter temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of snow cover each year, and is not arid or semi-arid. Summers are hot or warm.

In the Köppen climate classification, this climate is split into *Dfa* (hot summer, no dry season), *Dfb* (warm summer, no dry season), *Dwa* (hot summer, dry winter), *Dwb* (warm summer, dry winter), *Dsa* (hot dry summer) and *Dsb* (warm dry summer).

## Cities with a continental climate 
Dfa cities include Chicago, Volgograd or Toronto.

Dfb cities include Warsaw, Moscow or Montreal.

Dsa cities include Salt Lake City or Bishkek.

Dsb cities include Helsinki or Spokane.

Dwa cities include Beijing or Seoul.

Dwb cities include Vladivostok or Calgary.
American Indoor Soccer League

The **American Indoor Soccer League** or **AISL** originally considered itself a minor indoor soccer league. In the 2005-06 season, they recognized themselves as a major soccer league.
Passionfruit

The **Passionfruit** (also spelled **passion fruit**) is a small, spherical fruit. It is purple when ripe, and green when not ripe.  The fruit contains many small, black seeds covered with the fruit's flesh. It is  and sweet. The seeds can be eaten on their own or used for various cooking recipes. Passion fruit is not a very common fruit in England. In Venezuela, the juice of passionfruits are common drinks.
Nevermind

***Nevermind*** is the second studio album by the American rock band, Nirvana. It was released on September 24, 1991 by DGC Records. It was produced by Butch Vig and was the first release by the band on the record label. It was also the first release with drummer Dave Grohl.

Even though it wasn't thought to have been very popular before its release, *Nevermind* was a very big success. On January 11, 1992, it had reached number one on the US *Billboard* 200.  The main single, "Smells Like Teen Spirit" was very successful and reached number six on the *Billboard* Hot 100. The three other singles were: "Come as You Are", "Lithium", and "In Bloom". *Nevermind* was selling up to 300,000 copies a week between 1991 and 1992.

*Nevermind* has sold over 30 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling albums ever. *Nevermind* helped to make both grunge music and alternative rock popular. It has been known as one of the greatest albums of all time.

## Background
Nirvana was a rock band from Aberdeen, Washington, formed by Kurt Cobain (vocals and guitar) and Krist Novoselic (bass guitar) in 1987. They first signed to the Seattle record label Sub Pop. The band released their first album on this label called *Bleach* in 1989 with Chad Channing on drums. Channing left Nirvana after this album in 1990, and the band needed a drummer. After seeing punk band Scream, Cobain and Novoselic liked the drumming by Dave Grohl. When Scream broke up after this, Grohl joined Nirvana as the drummer.

During the start of the 1990s, Sub Pop was having a difficult time with money. Because of this, Nirvana looked for a new record label. They ended up signing with DGC Records

## Title and cover
The first name for the album before its release was *Sheep*. This came from the kind of people Cobain thought were going to buy the album (sheep is a word meaning someone who does what other people do). The title was later changed to *Nevermind* as it was what Cobain thought about bad things in his life.

The album cover of *Nevermind* shows a naked baby (Spencer Elden) swimming underwater with a U.S. dollar bill on a fishhook. This is just out of the baby's reach. Cobain wanted to have a photo of a water birth on the cover but the record label wouldn't let him.

## Track listing 
## References
Timothy McVeigh

**Timothy James McVeigh** (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001) was a United States Army veteran and security guard who bombed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. He was convicted of 11 United States federal offenses, and was sentenced to death and executed for his role in the April 19, 1995 bombing.  Immediately prior to his execution, McVeigh observed the Last Rites with a Catholic priest.

## References
Boys Like Girls

**Boys Like Girls** is an American alternative-pop rock band formed in Boston. In 2006 Boys Like Girls's self-titled first album was released. They are mostly famous for the songs "Thunder", "Hero/Heroine", "Five Minutes to Midnight", and "The Great Escape".

## Members of *Boys Like Girls* 
**Current members**
* Martin Johnson – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (2005–present)
* Paul DiGiovanni – lead guitar, backing vocals (2005–present)
* Morgan Dorr – bass guitar, backing vocals  (2011–present)
* John Keefe –  drums, percussion (2005–present)
**Former members**
* Bryan Donahue – bass guitar, backing vocals (2005–2011)

## Discography 
### Albums 
* 2006 - *Boys Like Girls*
* 2009 - *Love Drunk*
* 2012: *Crazy World*
### Singles 
* 2006 - *The Great Escape*
* 2007 - *Hero/Herione*
* 2008 - *Thunder*
* 2009 - *Love Drunk*
* 2009 - *Two Is Better Than One* (featuring Taylor Swift)
* 2010 - *Heart Heart Heartbreak*
* 2012 - *Be Your Everything*
* 2012 - *Life of the Party*
* 2013 - *Red Cup, Hands Up, Long Brown Hair*

## References
Conviction

In law, a **conviction** is the verdict that results when a court of law finds a defendant guilty of a crime. The opposite of a conviction is an acquittal (i.e. "not guilty"). A **minor conviction** is a  conviction, and it does not affect the defendant but does serve as a warning. In Scotland there can also be a verdict of "not proven", which counts as an acquittal. A convicted person is also called a convict.

## Related pages
*Convicted (disambiguation)

## References
Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building

of Alfred P. Murrah buildingafter bombing|center|230x230px]]
The **Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building** was a United States Federal Government complex at 200 N.W. 5th Street in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The Murrah building was opened in 1977. It was the target of the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995 which damaged the building very badly. It was later imploded and turned into a Memorial.
Reservoir

.]]
A **reservoir** is a lake that is usually man-made (meaning it was made by people). Reservoirs are used to store water for various uses like drinking or making electricity. There are also natural reservoirs, which means they were made by nature. 

## Examples 
*Lake Powell
*Lake Volta
*Carsington Water
Terry Nichols

**Terry Lynn Nichols** (born April 1, 1955) is a U.S. Army veteran who was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh, the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, April 19, 1995), which killed 168 people.

## References
Oklahoma City bombing

The **Oklahoma City bombing** was a terrorist attack on April 19, 1995 on the U.S. government. The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, was attacked by Timothy McVeigh. The truck bombing destroyed much of the building. As a result, it had to be torn down. McVeigh and Terry Nichols exploded a truck bomb, killing 168 people and hurting 850 people. It was the most deadly terrorist attack in the US until the September 11 attacks six years later. The bombing caused $652 million in damage to the building and the nearby area.

A memorial was built in the place where the building used to stand; trees were planted, and there is a reflecting pool, too. The area is open to the public. People agree that the Memorial Complex should include a special place for children.

## References 
## Other websites
Cimarron County, Oklahoma

**Cimarron County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  The 2020 census shows it has the least people of any county in Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 2,296 people lived there.  Its county seat is Boise City.

## History 
Cimarron County was made in 1907.

## Geography 
The county has a total area of 1,841 square miles.

## References
Dust Bowl

, Oklahoma, 1936)]]

The **"Dust Bowl"** is a phrase that is used to describe prairie regions of the United States and Canada in the 1930s. The Dust Bowl spread from Saskatchewan and Manitoba, in the north, all the way to Oklahoma and parts of Texas and New Mexico, in the south. In those areas, there were many serious dust storms and droughts, which caused major damage to the local economies, ecology, and agriculture. 

The Dust Bowl was the worst artificial disaster in US history. Many dust storms happened for years. It was also suffered by many Canadians and probably by many Mexicans.

## Causes
The people who lived in the Dust Bowl area were mostly farmers. Many years of intensive farming without rain had left the soil dry. When strong winds blew, they covered cities, towns, and farms in dried, dusty soil and ruined the farmland.

The Dust Bowl is still considered one of the worst environmental disasters in US history. Many thousands of people died from breathing in the dust or from starvation. Many of those who survived lost everything they had and left the Dust Bowl to look for work in other parts of the country; they were called "Dust Bowl refugees." Many songs, books, and works of art were created to tell stories of the people affected by the dust storms. Some of the most famous works are the novels *The Grapes of Wrath* and *Of Mice and Men* by John Steinbeck; the songs of the folk music singer Woody Guthrie; and the photography of Dorothea Lange, who took pictures of many Dust Bowl refugees and their families.

## Photo gallery

File:Dust Bowl winds pile up against barn in Kansas.jpg|Dust starting to bury a barn in Kansas
File:Dust Storms, "Dust Storm Near Beaver, Oklahoma" - NARA - 195354.tif|An Oklahoma dust storm (1935)
File:Dust storm approaching Stratford, Texas.jpg|A Texas dust storm covers homes (1935)
File:Dust Bowl - Dallas, South Dakota 1936.jpg|Vehicles and machines buried in dust (South Dakota, 1936)
File:Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg|Famous picture of Dust Bowl refugees (1936)

## References
Jim Inhofe

**James Mountain "Jim" Inhofe** (November 17, 1934 – July 9, 2024) was an American politician from Oklahoma. He was a U.S. senator of Oklahoma from 1994 to 2023. In February 2022, Inhofe said he would retire in January 2023.

Inhofe died of problems caused by a stroke at a hospital in Tulsa, Oklahoma on July 9, 2024, at the age of 89.

## References
## Notes
## Other websites
* Official U.S. Senate Site
Tom Coburn

**Thomas Allen Coburn** (March 14, 1948 – March 28, 2020) was an American politician and medical doctor. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Senator of Oklahoma from 2005 to 2015. He was nicknamed **Dr. No** because of he blocked many spending bills many times.

He announced in January 2014 that he would leave the senate at the end of the 113th United States Congress and submitted his resignation letter to Governor of Oklahoma  Mary Fallin.

Coburn died on March 28, 2020 in Tulsa, Oklahoma from prostate cancer, aged 72.

## References
Bixby, Oklahoma

**Bixby** is a city in Tulsa and Wagoner counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is a suburb of Tulsa.

## References
Midwest City, Oklahoma

**Midwest City** is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.
## References
Council–manager government

The **council-manager government** is one of two main variations of representative municipal government in the United States that began in Staunton, Virginia in 1908. This system of government is used in the majority of American cities with populations over 12,000. When a city has a *council-manager* form of government, the elected city council usually hires a city manager to oversee the day-to-day management of the city employees. In these cities, the position of Mayor is either a ceremonial position, or does not exist.
## References
Kikones

The **Kikones** or **Cicones** were a tribe of Thracians. They lived in the area which is now in Greece and Turkey.

At the time of Odysseus their stronghold was the city of Ismara (or *Ismarus*), near Mount Ismara, on the south coast of Thrace.
Oklahoma Rose

**Oklahoma Rose** is a hybrid tea rose. It was developed in 1964 at Oklahoma State University by Herbert C. Swim and O. L. Weeks. In 2004, the Oklahoma Rose became the official state flower of Oklahoma.

## References
Mayor–council government

**The Mayor-Council government system,** sometimes called the **Mayor-Commission government system,** is one of two variations of government most commonly used in modern representative municipal governments in the United States.

## Strong-mayor form
Strong-mayor is a form of mayor-council government. It is made up of an executive branch and a legislative branch. Both branches are elected by the people. The executive brance is usually a city mayor. The legislature is usually a city council.

## References
Okemah, Oklahoma

**Okemah** is the county seat of Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 3,074 at the 2020 census.

## References
Megalodon

of a whale bitten in half by a megalodon. Large bite marks (deep gashes) on the vertebral centrum are visible.]]

***Megalodon*** is an extinct species of shark. It was the largest shark of all time, as far as we know. 

Its scientific name is ***Otodus megalodon*** (meaning "Big ear-shapped tooth"). It lived from the early Miocene to the Pliocene epochs, 23 to 3.6 million years ago (mya). 

It is a member of the family Otodontidae*.* When it was first described, paleontologists thought it was the ancestor of the present-day great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias ). However, closer inspection distanced the 2 species.

Megalodon's teeth are among the largest ever found. They are over  long. Nicolaus Steno was the first to recognize the teeth as those of a giant shark. 

Paleontologists calculate that the shark was up to  long, with an average length of 17 meters (56 feet). It weighed up to 48-103 metric tons.

## Classification 
As is the case with most sharks, the classification of *O. megalodon* is under debate. The species was named *Carcharodon megalodon* by the French naturalist Louis Agassiz. 

During this period, species within the same genus were named, such as *Carcharodon productus* and *Carcharodon rectidens*, which were synonymized as belonging to the same species a few decades later. 

For a long time, Megalodon was considered an extinct species of Great White Shark, popularly called the "Giant Great White Shark" or informally the "Monster Shark."

This changed with new studies in the early 20th century. Scientists began to classify Megalodon more closely within the genus *Carcharocles* and as part of the Otodontid evolutionary line. Nowadays, the species can be classified in different genera, in the genus *Otodus*, *Procarcharodon*, *Megaselachus*, or *Carcharocles*. This is because Megalodon belongs to a lineage of chronospecies, which have evolved over time.
## Paleoecology 
Fossil records of *O. megalodon* indicate that it occurred in deep to tropical latitudes. This would have made it possible for Megalodon to live in all the oceans of the world.

*O. megalodon* lived in many marine environments, like continental shelf waters, It moved from place to place. high-speed swimming capability, powerful jaws, and formidable killing apparatus 
* Small whales 
* *Odobenocetops*
* Giant sea turtles (including sperm whales, bowhead whales, and rorquals) 
* Pinnipeds 
* Porpoises

When Megalodon hunted large and medium-sized whales, it would attack the bony areas, such as chest, fins, or tail. It could also kill quickly with a fatal bite to the chest. The megalodon bite is considered one of the strongest bites in the animal kingdom’s history.

Marine mammals were regular prey targets for megalodon. There have been almost no whale bones found with clear signs of large bite marks (deep gashes) made by teeth that match those of megalodon, of a sea lion.

## References
Mosasaur

**Mosasaurs** were large, predatory marine reptiles of the Late Cretaceous. The first fossil mosasaur, *Mosasaurus hoffmanni*, was found in the Netherlands in 1776.p7 It was named in 1822 by W.D. Conybeare.

For the last 20 million years of the Cretaceous period after the extinction of the ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs, mosasaurs became the dominant marine predators. They became extinct at the K-Pg event at the end of the Cretaceous period, about 66 million years ago.

## Discovery and interpretation 
The first specimen was found in a chalk quarry in Maastricht, Holland. It was found by a German army surgeon, Johann Hoffmann, who collected fossils for the Haarlem Museum.  During a struggle for ownership, the skeletal parts went to the museum, whilst the skull stayed with the owner of the land, who refused to let anyone see it.

The true identity of the monster was explained by Georges Cuvier. In 1795 French troops were outside Maastricht, and Cuvier arranged for the large skull to be saved when they stormed the town. 

## Habitat 
Thousands of fossils have been found, from every continent. There are about 40 known species. Most skeletons have been found in North America in chalk laid down in the Western Interior Seaway.

An interesting fact is that ichthyosaurs had died out by the middle of the Upper Cretaceous, and plesiosaurs and sea-going crocodiles were in decline. The reasons for this are not known. It is this large marine predator niche that mosasaurs occupied.  They flourished in the later Cretaceous, only to become extinct at the K/T extinction event.

## Size 
The type species was estimated to be 33' (10m) long. The famous *Mosasaurus* had four paddle-like limbs on a long, streamlined body and a long, powerful tail. The large head had huge jaws, up to 4&nbsp;ft (1.2 m long) with many teeth. The jaws could open about 3 feet (1 m). The lower jaw is loosely hinged to the skull with a moveable joint on each side (behind the teeth). This loose joint let it swallow huge prey. They would have hunted fish, turtles, molluscs, and shellfish. Ammonites have been found bearing mosasaur teeth marks.

The smallest-known mosasaur was *Carinodens*, which was about  to  long and probably lived in shallow waters near shore, cracking molluscs and sea urchins with its bulbous teeth. Larger mosasaurs were more typical: mosasaurs ranged in size up to . A *Hainosaurus* holds the record for longest mosasaur, at .

The large size of mosasaurs, like whales, meant they were more likely to be warm-blooded than cold-blooded.

## Other genera 
Many other genera of mosasaur have since been found, for example, *Tylosaurus*. *Mosasaurus maximus* was found at Onion Creek, Texas. All have the same general body style and pattern of life, though some, like *Prognathodon*, had crushing teeth for dealing with shellfish. Present thought is that their closest living relatives are the monitors.

## Popular mosasaurs 
Some of the most famous mosasaurs are *Tylosaurus*, *Prognathodon* and *Mosasaurus*.

## References
Lethal injection

]]

**Lethal injection** is a method of execution. It involves killing a person by injecting them with poison or poisons.  

In the United States, lethal injections generally use a series of three drugs in fatal doses. Lethal injection is the most common method of execution in the United States. 

## History 
The idea of lethal injection was first suggested in New York in 1888. In 1977, Oklahoma became the first state to pass a law saying they could use lethal injection.

Texas was the first state to use lethal injection for an execution. This first happened when Charlie Brooks was executed in 1982. Thirty-four US states now use it as a form of capital punishment. Other countries to use it are China, Taiwan, and Guatemala. 

## Method 
Lethal injection generally uses three chemicals. These chemicals are usually sodium thiopental (an anesthetic), pancuronium bromide (used to paralyze the person being injected), and potassium chloride (to stop the heart so that the person being injected dies).  

In the United States, a chemical shortage has made some states have to wait to carry out executions. Other states have changed the chemicals they use in the lethal injection process. Executioners have experimented with injectable forms or potassium or fentanyl. These executions caused complications and some were cancelled, because potassium for example caused a lot of needless pain when injected in large doses (which it was known to do). 

## Related pages 
* Hanging (death)
* Animal euthanasia
* Veterinarian

## Other websites
*Time.com: A Brief History of Lethal Injection 

## References
Lollapalooza

]]
**Lollapalooza** is a music festival. It was started in 1991 by Perry Farrell, lead singer of Jane's Addiction, as a  concert for his band. It happened every year until 1997, then took a break until 2003. There was no 2004 Lollapalooza. In 2005, the festival started again, and kept going every year. From 2005, it has played as a weekend show at Grant Park in Chicago.

## References
## Other websites
*Lollapalooza website
East Tyrol

pre-World War I]]

**East Tyrol** (German: **Osttirol**) is a small part of the Austrian state of Tyrol, located in the east part of the state. The other part of the state is North Tyrol, which also belongs to Austria, but does not share a border with East Tyrol. 

East Tyrol borders Carinthia in the east, Salzburg in the north, South Tyrol in the west, Veneto in the south. Its capitals are Lienz and "the big brother" Innsbruck.
Gaillardia pulchella

**Indian blanket** (*Gaillardia pulchella*) is a short-lived annual flowering plant native to the central United States. It is easily grown throughout the southeast. The flowers are bright red with a yellow rim and is slightly smaller than *Gaillardia aristata*but is very drought tolerant and even salt tolerant, thriving along coastal dunes.
Perineum

(with anatomical features): 1 - Clitoral hood, 2. Clitoris, 3. Labia majora, 4. Urinary opening, 5. Labia minora, 6. Anus, 7. Vaginal opening, 8. Perineum ]]
The **perineum** is the area of the human body found between the lower end of the vulva and the anus (in females); and the scrotum and the anus (in males). When a person reaches puberty, the size of the perineum is about one inch in length. During puberty, hair will grow around and on the perineum to protect it.

Inside the perineum-area are specialized muscles that perform functions of sexuality, erection and excretion.

## Gallery 

File:The male and female perineum.jpg|upright|Male and female perineums
Powys

]]
 of Powys]]

**Powys**, officially the **County of Powys** (Welsh: **Sir Powys**), is the largest principal area and county in Wales. It is named after the Kingdom of Powys which was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that was founded during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain.

Modern day Powys covers the historic counties of Montgomeryshire and Radnorshire, most of Brecknockshire, and a small part of Denbighshire. With an area of about 2,000 square miles (5,200 km2), it is the largest unitary authority in Wales by land area and about the same size as the country of Trinidad and Tobago. It is bordered by English counties of Shropshire and Herefordshire to the east, Gwynedd, Wrexham and Denbighshire to the north, Ceredigion to the west and Rhondda Cynon Taf, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Blaenau Gwent, Monmouthshire and Neath Port Talbot to the south.

The county's largest towns are:
* Newtown, population 11,357
* Ystradgynlais, population 8,092
* Brecon, population 8,250
* Welshpool, population 6,664

It has the lowest population density of all the principal areas of Wales. Most of Powys is mountainous making north–south travel fairly difficult.
Jar

.|alt=small squashed looking Jar filled with dark purplish-red jam with a metal lock on the lid]]
A **jar** is a type of container, mostly used to store food. Jars are usually cylindrical, and are usually made of glass or clay.

Glass jars are able to be heated in microwave ovens.

## Types of jars
* Mason jar, a jar used to preserve serval foods (such as fruit, jam, vegetables, ...)
* Kilner jar, another type of jar for storing foods
* Mayonnaise jar, a mason jar especially made for mayonnaise
* Canopic jar, used in ancient Egyptian burial
* Leyden jar, a simple capacitor
* Killing jar

## References
Pietro Cavallini

**Pietro Cavallini** (1259 – c. 1330) was a painter who lived and worked in Rome in Italy in the Late Medieval period. He may have also worked in Naples. He is thought of as one of the greatest painters of his day, but has never been as well known as Giotto from Florence, who was alive at the same time. This is probably because only two pictures by Cavallini still exist. One of them is a mosaic in the Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere. The other is a fresco in the nearby convent of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. ("in Trastevere" means "in the part of the Rome that is across the Tiber River".)

The fresco at Santa Cecilia's is a large picture of the Last Judgement with Jesus sitting between rows of saints. (see right) Unfortunately, the room, which was quite tall, had a new level added, and the floor cut across the fresco. It is in ruins, but the parts that remain show that Cavallini was trying to make the figures that he painted look solid and three-dimensional like the frescos of Ancient Rome. Pietro Cavallini probably influenced the artists who travelled from Rome to work at the Basilica of St Francis of Assisi. It is not known if he painted any of the frescos there.

## Related pages
* Italian Renaissance art
* List of Renaissance artists
* List of Italian painters
* Coppo di Marcovaldo
* Cimabue
* Duccio
* Giotto

## References 
* Diana Davies (editor), ''Harrap's Encyclopedia of Art and Artists*, (1990), 
* Helen Gardner, *Art through the Ages'', (1970) Harcourt, Brace and World,
List of flag names

This is a **list of names used for flags**

**Aappalaartoq* (the red), Denmark
**Aappalaartoq* (the red), Greenland
**Alsancak* (Holy Red Standard), Turkey
**Albayrak* (Red Flag), Turkey
**Ay Yıldız* (Crescent Star), Turkey
**Bandeira Auriverde* (gold and green flag), Brazil
**Bandeira das Quinas* (flag of the *quinas*, the five blue shields of the Portuguese arms), Portugal
*Blue Sky with a White Sun, canton of the flag of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
*Bonnie Blue Flag, official flag of the now-defunct Republic of West Florida, also used in some places as an unofficial banner of the Confederate States of America.
**Bundesflagge*, (Federal Flag), Germany, official designation
**Dannebrog*, Denmark
**Y Ddraig Goch* (the red dragon), Wales
**Erfalasorput* (our flag), Greenland
**La Estrella Solitaria* (the lonely star), Chile
**La Estrella Solitaria* (the lonely star), Cuba
*Eureka Flag
*Five-Starred Red Flag, People's Republic of China
**Gwenn-ha-du* (white and black), Brittany
**Hinomaru* (sun disc), Japan
**Galanolefki*, (light blue and white), Greece
*Golden Arrowhead, Guyana
**Hvítbláinn*, a former unofficial flag, Iceland
**Ikurriña*, Basque Country, Spain and more generally the Basque people
**Jalur Gemilang* (glorious stripes), Malaysia
*Jolly Roger, pirate flag
*Maple Leaf, Canada
**Fleurdelisé*, Québec
**Merkið*, Faroe Islands
**Nisshōki* (sun flag), Japan
*Old Glory, United States
**Parcham-e-Sitāra-o-Hilāl*, Pakistan
*Rainbow flag
**Šahovnica* 
*Saint George's Cross, England
*Saint Piran's Flag, Cornwall, England
*Saltire, Scotland
**Sang Merah Putih* (the red white), Indonesia
**Senyera*, Aragon and Barcelona, Spain
**Schwarz-Rot-Gold*, (black-red-gold), Germany, colloquial
**Shqiponja Dykrenare* (the two-headed eagle), Albania
**Sinimustvalge* (blue-black-white), Estonia (unofficial)
**Siniristilippu*, Finland
**Shir-o-Khorshid* (the lion and the sun), former flag of Iran
*Southern Cross can refer to the blue saltire as used in various flags of the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War
*Stars and Bars, Confederate States of America
*Stars and Stripes, United States
*Star-Spangled Banner, United States
**Taegeukgi*, South Korea
**Tjúgufáni*, state flag of Iceland
**Tiranga*, India
**Tricolore* (tricolour), a term for several national flags
*Union Flag, flag of the United Kingdom
*Union Jack, flag of the United Kingdom
*Union Jack, state jack and former naval jack of the United States
*Flag of South Africa The Rainbow Flag, Unity Flag, or Interim Flag (all unofficial)
*Звездата од Кутлеш - Вергина (Sun of Kutlesh - Vergina), former state flag of Republic of Macedonia and national flag of Macedonian Slavs
**Wiphala*, flag of Andean peoples in Bolivia and Peru
Coppo di Marcovaldo

**Coppo di Marcovaldo** (c. 1225 &ndash; c. 1276) was an artist who was born in Florence and worked in that part of Italy in the Late Medieval period. He painted large icons of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Christ Child, in the Byzantine style. His most famous work is the mosaic of the Last Judgement in the Baptistery of Florence. He also worked in the towns of Pistoia and Siena. There are only two paintings that are known to be by Coppo. One is in the Church of the Servants of Mary in Siena and the other is in the Church of the Servants of Mary in Orvieto. Another painting thought to be by Coppo di Marcovaldo can be seen in the Civic Museum in San Gimignano.

## Related pages
* List of Renaissance artists
* List of Italian painters
* Cimabue
* Duccio
* Pietro Cavallini
* Giotto
* Nicola Pisano

## Sources
* Diana Davies (editor), ''Harrap's Illustrated Dictionary of Art and Artists'', (1990), 

## References
Just Stand Up!

"**Just Stand Up!**" is a song featuring the vocals of an all-star group of pop and R&B performers, including this is the order in which they are listed on the cover Mariah Carey, Beyoncé, Mary J. Blige, Rihanna, Fergie, Sheryl Crow, Melissa Etheridge, Natasha Bedingfield, Miley Cyrus, Leona Lewis, Carrie Underwood, Keyshia Cole, LeAnn Rimes, Ashanti and Ciara. The song was made to make money for a charity called Stand Up to Cancer.

## Charts
Indiangrass

**Indiangrass** (*Sorghastrum nutans*), also called **Indian grass**, is a North American prairie grass, and is the official state grass of both Oklahoma and South Carolina.

## References
Jeff Gordon

**Jeffery Michael Gordon ** (born August 4, 1971) is a retired professional American race car driver in NASCAR. He is a four-time NASCAR Cup Series champion, and a three-time Daytona 500 winner. When he drove in NASCAR, he was the driver of the #24 Chevrolet SS for Hendrick Motorsports. His main sponsor was AARP Drive to End Hunger, though his earlier sponsor was DuPont. He has 93 career wins, the third most of all NASCAR drivers. He and Hendrick Motorsports owner Rick Hendrick are the owners of Jimmie Johnson's #48 Lowe's Chevrolet, who has won five championships in a row from 2006 to 2010. Gordon has appeared in various popular media, including a self-titled video game, *Jeff Gordon XS Racing*. He also appeared on the covers of *NASCAR 98*, *NASCAR Thunder 2002*, *NASCAR 09*, and *NASCAR 06: Total Team Control* with Jimmie Johnson. Gordon also was in *Gran Turismo 5* to help players in NASCAR driving. In 2015, Gordon decided he was going to retire from driving in NASCAR. Since 2016, Gordon has worked for Fox Sports to help broadcast NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races. He currently works in the TV broadcast booth with Mike Joy and Clint Bowyer. 

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* NASCAR bio
Flag of Thailand

The **Flag of Thailand** has five stripes red, white, and blue. Red-white-blue stand for nation-religion-king, an unofficial motto of Thailand. The flag was made official on 28 September 1917 by a royal decree. The Thai name for the flag is ธงไตรรงค์ ("Thong Trairong"), which means "tricolour flag".
## References
Common collared lizard

The **common collared lizard** or **Oklahoma lizard**, *Crotaphytus collaris*, is a North American lizard that can reach a foot (30 cm) long in length (including the tail), with a large head and powerful jaws. It is the state lizard of Oklahoma.

]]
Cimabue

in the same room as a Madonna by Cimabue's pupil Giotto and another by his rival from Siena, Duccio.]] 

**Cimabue**, (c.1240 - c.1302), was a painter from Florence in Italy who worked in the Late Medieval period. His real name was **Cenni di Peppi**. He painted large icons in the Byzantine style and was the first great painter in the city of Florence. The only works of art that are known to be definitely by Cimabue are the mosaic of Christ in Majesty in Pisa Cathedral and two very large ruined frescos in the Church of St Francis in Assisi.

The most famous painting that is believed to be by Cimabue is the "Madonna of Santa Trinita" which is an altarpiece that was done for the Church of the Holy Trinity. It is now in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. He is also believed to have painted two large crucifixes which hung in the Church of St Domenic in Arezzo and the Church of the Holy Cross (Santa Croce, Florence). The crucifix of Santa Croce was ruined in a flood and is now in the church's museum.

The biographer Giorgio Vasari wrote about Cimabue's life, 250 years after his death. He wrote that one day Cimabue was walking in the country when he saw a little shepherd boy scratching a picture of a sheep onto a rock. The drawing was so good that Cimabue went to the boy's father and begged that he might take the boy as his apprentice and teach him to paint. The boy was Giotto, who became a very famous painter, and who is thought of as the very first painter of the Italian Renaissance.

## References 
* Giorgio Vasari, *Lives of the Artists*, (1568), 1965 edition, trans George Bull, Penguin,  
* Frederick Hartt, *A History of Italian Renaissance Art*, (1970) Thames and Hudson,  
* Helen Gardner, *Art through the Ages*, (1970) Harcourt, Brace and World,  
* Ilan Rachum, *The Renaissance, an Illustrated Encyclopedia*, (1979) Octopus,  
* Luciano Berti, *Florence: the city and its art*, (1971) Scala, 
* Luciano Berti, *The Ufizzi*, (1971) Scala, Florence.
The Fratellis

**The Fratellis** are a Scottish indie rock band from Glasgow. They have released a #2 album on the United Kingdom album chart, one top ten album as well as three top 10 singles. They have also made a live DVD called *Edgy In Brixton*.

## References
Warning (Green Day song)

"**Warning**" is a single from Green Day's 2000 album *Warning*. It is the title track of the album. 

## Track listing 
**CD 1:**
#Warning (Album Version)
#Scumbag
#Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely (Hüsker Dü cover)

**CD 2:**
#Warning (Album Version)
#Outsider (Ramones cover)
#Suffocate

**Warning / Minority AU Single:**
#Warning
#Minority
#Scumbag
#Outsider (Ramones cover)

**7" Adeline:**
Side A.
#Warning

*Side B.*
#Scumbag
#Outsider (Ramones cover)

**7" Reprise:**
Side A.
#Warning

*Side B.*
#Suffocate

## References
Nice Guys Finish Last

:''This article discusses the Green Day song. For the phrase itself, see Nice guys finish last.

**"Nice Guys Finish Last"** was a single released by the American punk band Green Day's fifth album *Nimrod*.  

## Track listing
**AU Single:**
#Nice Guys Finish Last
#Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)
#The Grouch (Live)
#She (Live)

## Chart Positions
Hitchin' a Ride (Green Day song)

"'''Hitchin' a Ride'*" was the first single that American punk band Green Day released from their album *Nimrod'' in 1997.

## Track listing
#Hitchin' a Ride
#Sick (Non-LP Track)
#Espionage (Non-LP Track From *Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me* original motion picture soundtrack)

## Chart Positions
## References
Proteus

**Proteus** (; Ancient Greek: Πρωτεύς, *Prōteus*) is a sea-god or god of rivers and oceans In Greek mythology. It is one of several gods which Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea" *(halios gerôn)*. 

Proteus can change form, and only answers those who can capture him. From this comes the adjective **protean**, meaning "versatile", "changeable", or "capable of assuming many forms". "Protean" suggests flexibility, versatility and adaptability.

## References 
## Related page 
*Poseidon - a god of the sea in Greek mythology
Minority (song)

"**Minority**" was the first single from Green Day's album, *Warning*. It was at #1 on the Modern Rock chart in late 2000.

## Track listing
#"Minority" (Radio Version)
#"Brat" (Live From Tokyo)
#"86" (Live From Prague)

**AU Single:**
#"Minority" (Album Version) - 2:49
#"Brat" (Live from Tokyo) - 1:42
#"86" (Live from Prague) - 2:59
#"Jackass" (Album Version) - 2:47

**7":**
Side A.
#"Minority"
#"Brat" (Live Version)

*Side B.*
#"Jackass"
#"86" (Live Version)
Sphenodontia

The **Sphenodontia** is a diverse group of reptile. It includes only one living genus, the tuatara (*Sphenodon*). An alternative name for the order is the **Rhynchocephalia**. 

They are an offshoot from the  evolutionary  line leading to the lizards and snakes. They had many families during the late  Triassic and  Jurassic periods but then declined. They are now are the least successful of the lepidosaurs. 

The only surviving member today is the New Zealand tuatara.

## References
Lleyton Hewitt

in 2004]]
**Lleyton Glynn Hewitt** (born 24 February 1981) is an Australian former tennis player. He was born in Adelaide, South Australia. His father is retired Australian rules footballer Glynn Hewitt (born 1953).

Hewitt was ranked the No.1 in the world and was the youngest ever male player to reach this rank. He played for Australia in the Davis Cup. In August 2000, the Australian Government gave him the Australian Sports Medal. Hewitt won the US Open in 2001 and the Wimbledon Championships in 2002.

## Grand slam record 
This table shows Hewitt's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles.

## References
Brad Fitzpatrick

**Bradley Joseph Fitzpatrick** (born February 5, 1980) is an American programmer. He is best known as the creator of LiveJournal.

## Other websites
*BradFitz.com - personal homepage
*Fitzpatrick's personal LiveJournal
Oklahoma! (song)

***Oklahoma*** is the title song from and the finale to the Broadway musical *Oklahoma!* It is also the state song of Oklahoma.
David IV of Georgia

**David IV**, also known as **David II** or **David III**, or **David the Builder** (Georgian: დავით აღმაშენებელი, *Davit Aghmashenebeli*) (1073 – January 24, 1125), from the House of Bagrationi, was King of Georgia from 1089 to 1125.

## References
Zillertal

The **Zillertal** is the biggest valley branching off the Inntal in Tyrol, Austria drained by the river Ziller. It is surrounded by the strongly glaciated Zillertaler Alpen to the south and east, the lower grass peaks of the Kitzbüheler Alpen to the east and Tuxer Alpen to the west. The largest settlement is Mayrhofen.

## Culture
The Zillertal is particularly renowned for its musical tradition. For instance, several families of travelling singers and organ builders from the valley have been credited with spreading the Christmas carol *Silent Night* across the world during the 19th and early 20th centuries. More recently, the Schürzenjäger band have had tremendous success in German-speaking countries with their crossover mix of *Volksmusik* and pop.
Oklahoma (disambiguation)

**Oklahoma** is a state in the United States of America.

**Oklahoma** could also mean:
*Oklahoma Territory, an organized territory (1890-1907) that would become part of the  state
**Oklahoma!*, a 1943 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical comedy
***Oklahoma!* (movie)
****Oklahoma!* (soundrack)
**"Oklahoma!" (song), the musical's theme song and the state of Oklahoma's official song
**Oklahoma* (1979 movie)
*USS *Oklahoma* (BB-37), an American naval warship
*Mexico, Illinois, formerly Oklahoma, Illinois
*Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, United States
*Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
**Oklahoma City bombing, a 1995 terrorist attack
*University of Oklahoma
*Oklahoma State University
*Ed Ferrara or Oklahoma, a professional wrestling writer
Pope Victor III

**Pope Victor III** (; 1026-September 16, 1087), born **Dauferius** or **Daufar**, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 159th Pope from 1086 until his death in 1087.

## Early life
Dauferius was born in the Lombardy region of Italy. 

## Benedictine
When Dauferius became a Benedictine monk, he took the name Desiderius.  He became the abbot of Monte Cassino.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
 of the popes ]]

## Other websites
* 

* GCatholic, Pope Victor III