open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Donald McEachin

**Aston Donald McEachin**  (October 10, 1961 – November 28, 2022) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the U.S. Representative from Virginia's 4th congressional district from 2017 to 2022.

McEachin was a Democrat. He was in the Virginia House of Delegates (1996–2002; 2006–2008).

McEachin ran for Congress for the open seat of Virginia's 4th congressional district vacated by Republican Randy Forbes in 2016 and won the general election with 57.3% of the votes.

In 2001, he was the Democratic Party's nominee for Attorney General of Virginia, but he lost the election to Jerry Kilgore.

## References
Victor Borge

**Børge Rosenbaum** (3 January 1909 – 23 December 2000), known professionally as **Victor Borge** ( ), was a Danish-American comedian, conductor, and pianist. He was known for his radio and television works in the United States and Europe.

Borge was known as "The Clown Prince of Denmark". His best known work was in *Comedy in Music*, which became the longest running one-man show in the history of theatre with 849 performances, a feat which placed it in the *Guinness Book of World Records*. He was born in Copenhagen.

In 1999, he received the Kennedy Center Honors.

Borge died on 23 December 2000 in his sleep in Greenwich, Connecticut following a concert, aged 91.

## References
## Other websites
* Victor Borge Official website 
*
Cecil Souders

**Cecil Belvedire Souders** (January 3, 1921 &ndash; August 30, 2021) was an American football player.  He played professional in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions.  He was born in Bucyrus, Ohio. Souders played college football at Ohio State University. He was drafted in the 25th round of the 1945 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins. 

Souders died on August 30, 2021 in Hilliard, Ohio at the age of 100.

## References
## Other websites
* NFL.com player page
Henry B. Sayler

**Henry Benton Sayler** (January 16, 1921 – May 26, 2021) was an American politician. He was born in Savannah, Georgia. Sayler was in the Florida State Senate from 1967 to 1971 and 1973 to 1978, as a member of the Republican Party (20th district and 21st district).

Sayler turned 100 in January 2021 and died four months later on May 26, 2021 in St. Petersburg, Florida.

## References
Phi Beta Kappa

The **Phi Beta Kappa Society** (**ΦΒΚ**) is the oldest academic honor society in the United States. It is respected by many people. due to its long history and academic selectivity. The purpose of Phi Beta Kappa is to improve study and research in the liberal arts and sciences. The society wants to have outstanding students of arts and sciences at American colleges and universities as members. It started at the College of William and Mary on December 5, 1776 as the first Greek-letter fraternity at a college and was one of the earliest collegiate fraternal societies.

Phi Beta Kappa () stands for  (''''), which means "Love of wisdom is the guide of life".

## References
Jean-Pierre Marielle

**Jean-Pierre Marielle** (12 April 1932 – 24 April 2019) was a French actor. He was known for his roles in the movies *Without Apparent Motive* (1971), *Cookies* (1975), *Coup de Torchon* (1981), *A Few Days with Me* (1988), *Tous les Matins du Monde* (1991), *Max et Jérémie* (1992), *Les Milles* (1995), *Little Lili* (2003) and *The Da Vinci Code* (2006). He was  for six César Awards. He was born in Paris.

Marielle died after a long illness on 24 April 2019 in the Paris commune of Saint-Cloud. He was 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dan Tolkowsky

Aluf **Dan Tolkowsky** (or **Tolkovsky**, ; born January 17, 1921 died November 28, 2025) is a retired Israeli military officer. He was commander of the Israeli Air Force from 1953 to 1958. He was born in Tel Aviv.

## References
## Other websites
*Jews from Palestine are sent to the RAF pilot course in Rhodesia, IAF Official Site. Accessed June 9, 2006.
Mildred J. Hill

**Mildred Jane Hill** (June 27, 1859 – June 5, 1916) was an American songwriter and musicologist. She was known for composing "Good Morning to All", later used as the melody for "Happy Birthday to You". Born in Louisville, Kentucky, she died in Chicago at the age of 56.

## References
Ocean planet

An **ocean planet** (or **ocean world**, **water world**, **aquaplanet** or **panthalassic planet**) is a type of terrestrial planet that contains a high amount of water. This may be a planet with ocean covering all of its surface (except maybe at the polar regions, where ice caps may exist), or a planet with a ocean bellow its surface (called a subsurface ocean). 

Ocean planets are also the name of planets that have other types of liquids on them such as liquid ammonia, ethane, or even lava.

## Habitation
A ocean planet covered in water may have conditions to support life. This has been questioned though, since some studies suggest that water worlds may not be friendly to life, since elements like phosphorus (a key part to DNA) may be hard to access, since it any be hidden in rocks at the bottom of the planet's oceans. Other problems here may be certain parts of the water cycle not working on an ocean planet, or the low amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. With that being said, there are still possibilities for life on water planets.

## Possible ocean worlds
 is a possible ocean world.]]
There are a few planets that could be ocean planets. All of these are extrasolar planets. 

*Kepler-22b a rocky super-Earth that lies in the habitable zone of its host star. 
*Gliese 1214b a super Earth that circles its red dwarf star very close, but a deep ocean may exist under high pressure caused by a strong atmosphere.
*Kepler-62e, a rocky Earth-like planet that may be a warm and humid planet. 
*At least one of the TRAPPIST-1 planets may be an ocean world. The TRAPPIST-1 system is home to at least seven Earth-sized planets. 

Several of the moons in the solar system may have oceans bellow their surfaces, which would make them ocean moons. One such example is Europa, one of Jupiter's moons. 
 
## References
Johnny Neumann

**Carl John Neumann** (September 11, 1951 – April 23, 2019), nicknamed "**Johnny Reb**", was an American professional basketball player and coach. He played in the shooting guard and small forward positions. He stood at 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) and weighed 200 lb (91 kg) in his playing career. He played for Memphis Pros / Tams, Utah Stars, Virginia Squires, Indiana Pacers, Kentucky Colonels, Buffalo Braves, Los Angeles Lakers and Pallacanestro Cantù. He later coached in Belgium, Greece, Cyprus, Israel, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, China, Japan and in the U.S. minor league. He was born in Memphis, Tennessee.

Neumann died of cancer on April 23, 2019 in Oxford, Mississippi. He was 68.

## References
## Other websites
* Johnny Neumann  at Basketball-Reference.com
Peter Cartwright (lawyer)

**Peter John Cartwright**  (3 May 1940 – 17 April 2019) was a New Zealand lawyer. He was the husband of Dame Silvia Cartwright (*née* Poulter). He was the viceregal consort of New Zealand between 2001 and 2006, when his wife was serving as the 18th Governor-General of New Zealand. He was the chairman of the Medical Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal, the Indecent Publications Tribunal and the Broadcasting Standards Authority. He was born in Dunedin. He went to a boarding school in Christchurch.

Cartwright died in Auckland on 17 April 2019. He was 78.

## References
Crop top

A **crop top** (or a **belly shirt**, **tummy top**, or **half shirt**) is a kind of shirt. Crop tops do not cover all of the middle section of the wearer's body. A person wearing a crop top will have part of their belly and back showing. There are many kinds of crop tops, and most styles show the wearer's belly button. Other styles can show the wearer's waist, or the bottom of their ribs.

Crop tops are popular in the Western world. They are common in areas with a warm climate.

Crop tops were popular in the 1990s when movie actresses and female pop music singers wore them. They are popular again in the 2010s.

Crop tops are seen as trendy and attractive.

A crop top does not keep the wearer's middle section warm because they do not cover all of it. So, crop tops are more comfortable for hot weather and exercising.

## Other types 
There is a way to make a temporary crop top with a normal shirt. The wearer can lift their shirt to show as much of their belly as they want, and then make it stay like that by tying the lifted end of the shirt into a knot. This is a common and flexible alternative to a regular crop top.

Low-rise pants or mini skirts are sometimes worn with a crop top. This shows more skin beneath the wearer's belly button.
Patsy Reddy

**Dame Patricia Lee Reddy**  (born 17 May 1954) is a New Zealand lawyer and businesswoman. She was the 21st Governor-General of New Zealand from 2016 until 2021.

## References
Robert Cardenas

**Robert L. "Bob" Cardenas** (March 10, 1920 &ndash; March 10, 2022) was a Mexican-American brigadier general of the United States Air Force. He was born in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, but raised in San Diego, California. He served in World War II and the Vietnam War.

In 1983, President Ronald Reagan appointed him California coordinator for Southwest Border Economic Action Group. In 1985, he was appointed to Chairman of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Advisory Group by California Governor George Deukmejian.

In 2015, he was added into the National Aviation Hall of Fame.

Cardenas died on his 102nd birthday on March 10, 2022 in San Diego, California.

## References
## Other websites
* Personal Biography
* Detailed unofficial website by Derek Horne (friend of General Cardenas) 
*
Eddie Griffin

**Edward "Eddie" Griffin** (born July 15, 1968) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Eddie Sherman on the sitcom *Malcolm & Eddie*. He later played in *The Mod Squad* (1999). Also in 1999, he played Miles Waise in the movie *Foolish*.

Griffin is also a musician. He had several albums.

Griffin was born in Kansas City, Missouri.

## References
Ronald Isley

**Ronald Isley** (born May 21, 1941) is an American recording artist, songwriter and record producer. He is the founding member and lead singer of the R&B group the Isley Brothers.

Isley received a Legend Award at the Soul Train Music Award.

Isley was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.

## References
Gandalf Award

The **Gandalf Awards** honor excellent writing in fantasy literature. The World Science Fiction Society gave the awards each year from 1974 to 1981. They were named for Gandalf the wizard from the Middle-earth stories by J. R. R. Tolkien. The award was started and sponsored by Lin Carter and the Swordsmen and Sorcerers' Guild of America (SAGA). People at the World Science Fiction Conventions voted to choose the winners. They used the same rules as the older Hugo Awards.

The awards were given in two categories: one, for life achievement, and two, for a book published the year before.

## Gandalf Grand Master Award
The **Gandalf Grand Master Award** for life achievement in fantasy writing was awarded every year from 1974 to 1981. The first winner was J. R. R. Tolkien who had died recently in 1973.

## Gandalf Award for Book-Length Fantasy
The **Gandalf Award for Book-Length Fantasy** was awarded only in 1978 and 1979. Again the first winner was Tolkien. The winning book was *The Silmarillion* with Christopher Tolkien as editor. The second was *The White Dragon* by Anne McCaffrey. Fantasy fiction often wins the older Hugo Award for Best Novel, so Worldcon organizers thought the Gandalf Award may be a duplicate and this was not awarded again.

***1978** - *The Silmarillion*, J. R. R. Tolkien, edited by Christopher Tolkien
***1979** - *The White Dragon*, Anne McCaffrey

## References
Treaty of Amiens

is a painting of 1853. It shows Napoleon and Cornwallis signing the peace treaty.|alt=]]
The **Treaty of Amiens** (French: ''paix d'Amiens'') temporarily ended hostilities between France and the United Kingdom during the French Revolutionary Wars. It was signed in the city of Amiens on 25 March 1802 (4 Germinal X in the French Republican Calendar) by Joseph Bonaparte and Marquess Cornwallis as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace". The consequent peace lasted for only one year (18 May 1803) and was the only period of general peace in Europe between 1793 and 1814.

Under the treaty, Britain recognised the French Republic. Together with the Treaty of Lunéville (1801), the Treaty of Amiens marked the end of the Second Coalition, which had waged war against Revolutionary France since 1798.
Wet'n'Wild Hawaii

'''Wet'n'Wild Hawaii''' is a Hawaiian-themed waterpark. It is located in Kapolei, on the island of Oahu. Wet'n'Wild is currently the only water park in the state of Hawaii. It is owned by the global Wet 'n Wild brand, and is one of their seven operating parks. Around the time WhiteWater World began construction in 1995, it was reported

## Rides 
In order to cater to park attendees, Wet'n'Wild develops new rides and takes some out of service. One of the more recent rides includes the Tornado, while rides such as the Cliffhanger went out of service.

A list of rides include:

* *Big Kahuna*
* ''Cutter's Island*
* *Da FlowRider*
* *Hawaiian Waters*
* *Island Adventure Golf*
* *Kapolei Kooler*
* *Keiki Kove*
* *O-Hana Highway*
* *Shaka*
* *Surfsliders*
* *Tornado*
* *Volcano Express*
* *Waianae Coasters*
* *Waimea Whirl*
* *Water World''
Skewes's number

In mathematics, **Skewes’s number** (10101034 or *S*) is a theorized number in which once it is surpassed, the rarity of prime numbers decreases (that is, the occurrence rate of prime numbers increases).
The massive number is also used with tetration.
Overhead projector

An **overhead projector (OHP)** is a device that allows you to display images from either a computer/laptop or images created in real time. Overhead projectors were often used in classrooms to showcase some type of presentation on paper for a group of students to view. In more recent times, overhead projectors are being used and designed to project things on technological devices. This machine has a plastic frame that is placed on top of the projector, and a fan that cools the machine, so that it won't overheat if it is used for long periods of time.
Recently, overhead projectors in classrooms and conference rooms are being replaced by things like document cameras and interactive whiteboards, since they let the presenter project video directly from a computer file. 
The device has sometimes been called a "Belshazzar", after Belshazzar's feast.

## History 
Before this device was made, there were machines similar to it, called magic lanterns.
French scientist Edmund Becquerel developed the first known overhead projection machine in 1853. It was used by Jules Duboscq in 1866. During World War II, overhead projectors started to be used in U.S. military training. After that, they were used at schools. Overhead projectors began to be widely used in schools and businesses in the late 1950s and early 1960s. As the need for overhead projectors grew, a company named Bruhl Industries was founded in 1953, which created more overhead projectors than anyone else.
Microsoft Visual C++

**Microsoft Visual C++** is a coding environment made by Microsoft, mainly used for coding in C and C++. The software provides helpful tools for programmers, such as a debugging tool to help find bugs in written code. The program is available in both trial and free versions.

Some programs require the Visual C++ library package to be installed on the computer in order to run in the first place.

The previous version of Visual C++ was called *Microsoft C/C++*, originally used to compile code written in C. The first version of Microsoft Visual C++ was officially released in February of 1993.

The product was first created as an environment for C programming, however it only supported the original C library rather than the C99 revision. In 2013, Visual C++ included support for various C99 features, however it was not until 2015 that Visual C++ included full support of the C99 standard library. The C11 revision that replaced the C99 revision is still not supported in recent versions of Visual C++, however the company has plans to add them in future versions.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Building Win32 Applications Using Visual C++ 2005 Express
* Visual C++ Tools and Templates in Visual Studio Editions
* Visual C++ standalone build tools
* Microsoft's 'Going Native' Channel Nine show
* Rejuvenating the Microsoft C/C++ Compiler , September 2015
External combustion engine

An **external combustion engine** (**EC engine**) is an engine which converts heated fluid into kinetic energy.  The heated fluid, called working fluid, can be air, hot water, or pressurized water which is heated in a boiler.  The fluid used to power the engine is cooled and reused in a closed cycle and the fluid is dumped in an open cycle. 
## Idea
Any combustion engine follows the basic idea of converting fossil fuels into motion. Internal combustion engines do this by converting the energy created by an explosion of the fossil fuels, into motion. External combustion engines, on the other hand, use the energy from burning fossil fuels to expand a gas or liquid and use the expansion to create motion. The addition of this intermediate step is what differentiates an internal vs. external combustion engine. External combustion engines came first, and tend to be more inefficient. Famous examples of external combustion engines are steam engines

## Types
There are two types of external combustion: single phase and dual phase. In a single phase engine, the fossil fuels are burned to heat up a gas, which then expands and creates motion. In this case, there is no phase change.

With dual phase, you need one additional mechanism known as a phase transition. This process transforms the phase of liquid to gas. This converts temperature to usable work. Some common examples that use dual-phase engines are steam engines and engines that use Organic Rankine Cycle.
Silky anteater

The **silky anteater** (Cyclopes didactylus), also called the **pygmy anteater**, is the smallest species of anteater. It is found in southern Mexico and Central/South America. The silky anteater is active at night and lives alone in trees. One of its most noticeable features are the two large claws on each of its front paws, which it uses to cling to branches and defend itself. It can use its tail to grasp things. It has soft yellow to grey fur. 

Like other anteaters, it is an insectivore (eats mainly insects) and like to eat ants.
Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos

***Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos*** is a real-time strategy game created by Blizzard Entertainment released on July 2, 2002 and is a sequel to *Warcraft 2: Tides of Darkness*. The base version of the game is *Warcraft 3: Reign of Chaos* and has a supplemental expansion version, *Warcraft 3: The Frozen Throne*. 

## Gameplay 
In *Warcraft 3*, players control small armies of units of a specific race and are tasked with various objectives based on scenario to achieve victory. The common available to play races are Night elf, Human, Undead, and Orc which all have their own unique units. Armies are comprised of 1-3 primary hero units with special abilities, and anywhere from 1-80 additional units to combat other monsters or units. The primary goal of each Warcraft 3 game is to destroy your opponent's base and units with your own units, rendering them unable to fight back. Warcraft 3 features both a single player campaign and online multiplayer gameplay, which includes custom user-made arcade games that use assets from the base game.
John Havlicek

**John Joseph** "**Hondo**" **Havlicek** (April 8, 1940 – April 25, 2019) was an American professional basketball player. He played as a small forward or a shooting guard. He spent 16 seasons (1962–1978) playing for the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He won eight NBA championships with the Celtics. Four of his championship wins came in his first four seasons from 1963 to 1966. His other championships came in 1968, 1969, 1974 and 1976. He won a total of 13 NBA All-Star Games. In 1984, he was made a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He was born in Martins Ferry, Ohio.

Havlicek had Parkinson's disease for the final years of his life. He died on April 25, 2019 in Jupiter, Florida, at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
Edwin Hunt

**Edwin "Ted" Hunt**  (born 23 March 1920) is a retired British waterman. Born in London, he was a sapper waterman in World War II, and was in 1978 appointed as the Queen's Bargemaster.

## References
## Other websites
*"Edwin Hunt – D-Day & Life on the Thames"
*Interview, December 2013. Sixth photograph from the left.
Carpenter Brut

Carpenter Brut is a music artist from France who makes retro 1980s style music, mostly known as Synthwave.

He released three EPs in 2015, followed by an album released in 2017 called Leather Teeth.
Juan Francisco Rodríguez

**Juan Francisco Rodríguez Márquez** (12 September 1950 – 16 April 2019) was a Spanish boxer. He won the European amateur championship in 1971. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He later turned professional. He had 34 pro fights, winning 20 (nine by knockout), losing nine and drawing four. Some of his noted bouts were against Johnny Owen and Carlos Zárate Serna. He retired in 1982. Rodríguez was born in Almería, Andalusia. 

Rodríguez died on 16 April 2019 in Almería, at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
* Juan Francisco Rodríguez  at Sports-Reference.com
Fallout (series)

***Fallout*** is a video game series created in 1997 by a company named Interplay. It was later bought by Bethesda Softworks. The games in the series are *Fallout*, which was made in 1997, *Fallout 2*, which was published in 1998, *Fallout: Tactics*, made in 2001, *Fallout 3*, made in 2008, *Fallout: New Vegas*, made in 2010, *Fallout 4*, made in 2015, and *Fallout 76*, published in 2018. There is a Prime Video series based on it, with the first season releasing in 2024.

## References
## Other websites
*
Eurasian eagle-owl

The **Eurasian eagle-owl** (*Bubo bubo*) is a species of eagle-owl that is found in Eurasia. It is also called the **European eagle-owl**. In Europe, it is just called the **eagle-owl**.

It is one of the largest species of owl. Females grow to a total length of 75&nbsp;cm (30&nbsp;in), with a wingspan of 188&nbsp;cm (6&nbsp;ft 2&nbsp;in); males are slightly smaller. The bird has distinctive ear tufts.

The Eurasian eagle-owl is found in many habitats, but is mostly a bird of mountainous regions or other rocky areas, often near woodland edge and shrubs or wetlands to hunt their prey.

## References
Sergey Pogorelov

**Sergey Valentinovich Pogorelov** (; 2 June 1974 – 24 April 2019) was a Russian team handball player. He won a gold medal in team handball with the national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He also won a bronze medal with Russia in team handball at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He was born in Volgograd.

Pogorelov died in Volgograd on 24 April 2019, at the age of 44.

## References
## Other websites
* Sergey Pogorelov  at Sports-Reference.com
Zoran Marojević

**Zoran Maroević** (27 April 1942 – 24 April 2019) was a Yugoslav basketball player. He won a silver medal with the Yugoslav national basketball team at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He was born in Matulji. He died on 24 April 2019, three days before his 77th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
* Zoran Marojević  at Sports-Reference.com
Fish stock (food)

**Fish stock** is a kind of stock used for fish dishes. It is used in French and international cuisine.

This stock is the basis of fish soups and sauces. It is usually made with fish bones and fish heads, together with finely chopped mirepoix. The fish stock is cooked for 20–25 minutes—cooking any longer spoils the flavour.  Concentrated fish stock is called "fish fumet".

In Japan, a fish and kelp stock called dashi is made by briefly (3–5 minutes) cooking skipjack tuna (bonito) flakes called *katsuobushi* in nearly boiling water. Other Japanese fish stock is made from fish that have been fried and boiled for several hours, creating a white milky broth. This has a rich feel and sweet umami taste.

For fish stocks in other Asian cooking, see fish sauce.

## Sourcebook 
*Murdoch 2004. *Essential Seafood Cookbook Court-bouillon and fish stock*, p. 34. Murdoch Books. ISBN 9781740454124
Jaswant Singh Marwah

Lieutenant Colonel (Retd.) **Jaswant Singh Marwah** (born 21 January 1921) is an Indian soldier, journalist and author. He was a former Special Duty Officer in the Archaeological Survey of India, and was in the Indian Army's Electrical Mechanical Engineering branch from 1943 to 1973. 

He is also a veteran of the Second World War. He was awarded the Nehru Award in 1981 and 1984, by the Vice President of India and the President of India. In 1987 he was awarded the Journalism Award by the Indian Ministry of Communications.

## References
## Other websites
*India Daily: *http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/11-28-04.asp ,* 28 November 2004.
*The Tribune: *https://web.archive.org/web/20160704085830/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050213/nation.htm,* 4 July 2007.
*India News Online: *http://news.indiamart.com/news-analysis/j-j-singh-new-indian-8344.html ,* 29 November 2004.
Comet Borrelly

**Comet Borrelly** may mean:
* The numbered periodic comet **19P/Borrelly** (a.k.a. 19P/1904 Y2, 1905 II, 1904e, 19P/1911 S1, 1911 VIII, 1911e, 1918 IV, 1918c 1925 VIII, 1925f, 1932 IV, 1932i, 1953 IV, 1954b, 1960 V, 1960k, 1967 VIII, 1967m, 1974 VII, 1973m, 1981 IV, 1980i, 1987 XXXIII, 1987p, 1994 XXX, 1994l)
* Or any of these long-period comets:
** C/1873 Q1 (a.k.a. 1873 IV, 1873c)
** C/1874 O1 (a.k.a. 1874 V, 1874d)
** C/1874 X1 (a.k.a. 1874 VI, 1874f)
** C/1877 C1 (a.k.a. 1877 I, 1877a)
** C/1889 X1 (a.k.a. 1890 I, 1889g)
** C/1903 M1 (a.k.a. 1903 IV, 1903c)
** C/1912 V1 (a.k.a. 1912 III, 1912c)
* It could also be a partial reference to these comets:
** C/1900 O1, Comet Borrelly-Brooks (a.k.a. 1900 II, 1900b)
** C/1909 L1, Comet Borrelly-Daniel (a.k.a. 1909 I, 1909a)
Faty Papy

**Faty Papy** (18 September 1990 – 25 April 2019) was a Burundian professional footballer. He played as a midfielder.

Papy was born in Bujumbura. He played for local side AS Inter Star before signing for Turkish side Trabzonspor. He was loaned to Dutch club MVV Maastricht for a season. He later signed for APR of Rwanda, before moving to South Africa to play for Bidvest Wits of the Premier Soccer League. He also played for Burundi. He played 21 games for his country, scoring twice.

In 2019, Papy was playing in Eswatini for Malanti Chiefs. During a home game on 25 April 2019, he collapsed and died on the pitch. He was 28.

## References
## Other websites
*
Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

***Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness*** is a 2005 role-playing game created by The Pokémon Company and developed by Genius Sonority. It was only released for the Nintendo GameCube. *Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness* was released on August 4, 2005 in Japan and on September 14, 2005 in the United States.
Robbert de Greef

**Robbert de Greef** (27 August 1991 – 25 April 2019) was a Dutch cyclist. He was a member of the Alecto Cycling Team. He won the 2017 Kernen Omloop Echt-Susteren. He also finished second in the 2019 Ronde van Drenthe. He was born in Geldrop, North Brabant.

De Greef had a heart attack riding in the Omloop van de Braakman race. He was taken to a hospital in Antwerp and was put into a coma. He died more than three weeks later on 25 April 2019 of a brain haemorrhage. He was 27.

## References
## Other websites
* Robbert de Greef at ProCyclingStats
Nasser Farbod

**Nasser Farbod** (&lrm;; 27 April 1922 – 26 April 2019) was an Iranian political activist and military officer. He served as the Chief-of-Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army from 27 March 1979 until his resignation on 12 July 1979. He was born in Tehran.

Farbod died on 26 April 2019, at the age of 96.

## References
Ellen Schwiers

**Ellen Schwiers** (11 June 1930 – 26 April 2019) was a German actress. Her acting career lasted from 1949 to 2015. She acted in plays by Friedrich Dürrenmatt and Max Frisch at the Schauspielhaus Zürich. She appeared as the Buhlschaft in *Jedermann* at the Salzburg Festival. She also acted in over 200 movies and television series. Some of her screen roles include *When the Bells Sound Clearly*, *The Inheritance of Bjorndal*, ''God's Thunder* and *Tatort''. In 1989, she was awarded an Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Schwiers was born in Stettin, Pomerania, which is now the Polish city of Szczecin. She was married to Peter Jacob from 1956 until his death in 1992. The couple had two children.

On 26 April 2019, Schwiers died in Starnberg, Bavaria. She was 88.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Lorenzo Quinteros

**Lorenzo Quinteros** (14 June 1945 – 23 April 2019) was an Argentine actor. His first movie roles was in *Alianza para el progreso* (1971). He later appeared in the movies *Man Facing Southeast* (1986), *Last Scenes from the Shipwreck* (1989), *A Wall of Silence* (1993), *The Act in Question* (1994), *Buenos Aires Vice Versa* (1996), *The Adventures of God* (2000) and *Valentín* (2002). In 2009, he was cast as Marquis de Sade in an Argentine version of Peter Weiss' *Marat/Sade*.

Quinteros was born in Monte Buey, Córdoba Province. He died at a hospital in Buenos Aires on 23 April 2019. He was 73.

## References
## Other websites
*
Feargal Quinn

**Feargal Quinn** (27 November 1936 – 24 April 2019) was an Irish businessman, politician and television personality. He founded the Superquinn supermarket chain. He served as a Senator for the National University of Ireland constituency from 1993 to 2016. He also did television work for Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). He was born in Dublin.

After a short illness, Quinn died on 24 April 2019 in Dublin. He was 82.

## References
Jimmy Banks

**James Banks** (September 2, 1964 – April 26, 2019) was an American soccer player. He played as a defender.

Banks was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In college, he played for the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee's Milwaukee Panthers from 1983 to 1987. Between 1987 and 1993, he played indoor soccer for Milwaukee Wave. He played for the United States from 1986 to 1991. He played 36 games for his country, including two at the 1990 FIFA World Cup.

Banks died of pancreatic cancer on April 26, 2019 in Milwaukee. He was 54.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fabolous

**John David Jackson** (born November 18, 1977), better known as **Fabolous**, is an American rapper. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He released his first album, *Ghetto Fabolous*, in 2001.

## Other websites
*
William Moncrief

**William Alvin "Tex" Moncrief Jr.** (March 27, 1920 &ndash; December 29, 2021) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He worked in the oil and gas sector. He was President of Moncrief Oil, and was a billionaire member of the 2006 Forbes 400, with an estimated net worth of US$1 billion.

## References
## Other websites
*William Moncrief ranked #374 on 2006 Forbes 400
*Brief interview with Forbes
Authors Guild

**The Authors Guild** is America's oldest and largest professional organization for writers. It works to protect free expression and copyright. It started in 1912 as the **Authors League of America.** Notable authors of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry have been board members. It has over 9,000 members.

## Conflict with Google 
On September 20, 2005, the Authors Guild, together with Herbert Mitgang, Betty Miles and Daniel Hoffman, sued Google for its Book Search project. The Authors Guild said Google was breaking the law by making digital copies of books that were still in copyright. (Google countered that their use was fair according to US copyright law.)

On October 28, 2008, the Authors Guild, the Association of American Publishers, and Google announced an agreement.  Google would pay $125 million, $45 million to rightsholders whose books were scanned without permission. The Google Book Search Settlement Agreement allowed for legal protection for Google's scanning project. But both sides still said the other was wrong about copyright law. The Settlement also would have started a new regulatory organization, the Book Rights Registry, which would decide how fees from Google went to rightsholders.

The settlement between the Authors guild and Google was rejected in 2011 by a judge at the district court level. The judge thought the settlement was not good for the authors.

In October 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit sided with Google. The court said that scanning and posting parts of works online was Fair Use and did not harm the authors.

In late December 2015, the Authors Guild filed a writ of certiorari with the Supreme Court against Google over copyright laws. which in April 2016 did not review the case, leaving the lower court's decision as correct.

## References
## Other websites 
* The Authors Guild website
* 
* Authors sue Google over book plan
Somniosidae

The **Somniosidae** are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes. They are commonly known as **sleeper sharks**, because of their slow swimming. They have a low activity level, and seem to have a non-aggressive nature.

## References
Ken Rothman

**Kenneth J. Rothman** (October 11, 1935 – April 26, 2019) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He served as the 41st Lieutenant Governor of Missouri from 1981 to 1985. He was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 1963 to 1981. He also served as the Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives from 1977 to 1981. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri to Jewish family.

Rothman died on April 26, 2019 in St. Louis, at the age of 83.

## References
Meana Sardo

**Meana Sardo** (*Meàna*) is a town and *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,813 people lived there.The people of Meana Sardo mostly speak Italian and Sardinian.The town covers an area of 73.8 square kilometers, and it is 588 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites
San Gavino Monreale

**San Gavino Monreale** (''Santu 'Èngiu*) is a town and *comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 8,671 people lived there. Its area is 87.4&nbsp;km². It is 54 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites
Me!

"**Me!**" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It features vocals from American singer Brendon Urie, known for being the lead singer of the band Panic! At the Disco.  The song was released on April 26, 2019, as the lead single from Swift's seventh studio album, *Lover*.  Swift and Urie wrote the song with Joel Little, Swift produced the song with Little (known for his work with Swift's friend, New Zealand singer-songwriter Lorde).

Swift revealed a countdown to April 26 with a pink and blue, cotton-candy colored theme on her Instagram story.  It contained the hashtag #426, which was the release date of a project that was unknown at the time.

So far, the song has gotten to number one on the iTunes charts of nearly 50 countries.

It entered at #100 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 for the week ending May 4, 2019. The song jumped to #2 the following week, behind "Old Town Road" by Lil Nas X featuring Billy Ray Cyrus.  It broke the record for the biggest jump on the chart in a week (98 positions), beating Kelly Clarkson's "My Life Would Suck Without You" (96 positions, from #97 to #1).

## Charts 
### Weekly Charts
### Year-end charts 
## References
Padria

**Padria** (*Pàdria*) is a town and *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 633 people lived there. Its area is 48.39&nbsp;km². It is 304 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites
The Avengers (1998 movie)

***The Avengers*** is a 1998 American action and spy movie. It comes from the British television series of the same name.

## Plot
John Steed, the agent of the Ministry, completes a training course. Dr. Emma Peel gets a phone call telling her to go to a gentlemen's club. She meets Steed for the first time there. The two head off to the Ministry to meet Mother. Mother tells them the Prospero project-a try to change the weather-was sabotaged by Emma Peel. Dr. Peel says she's innocent. She is then sent to work with Steed to find the real suspect.

Steed and Emma follow a lead to the Wonderland Weather. It's a business that creates heat or other weather with a special machine. Steed and Emma find two dead men in teddy bear suits. Members of a secret organization led by Sir August de Wynter wear teddy bear suits to disguise their identities. However, one of them looks like another Emma Peel. Steed arrives in time to save the real Emma Peel.

Steed and Emma go off and visit de Wynter at his mansion. But then, they are attacked by mechanical bees. Alice, a Ministry agent, helps Steed and Emma flee. However, de Wynter catches Emma as she tries to escape though finds herself trapped.

It is later revealed that the other Emma Peel is a clone. Father and the Peel clone catch the real Emma Peel. They're angrily met by Mother. Mother is then incapacitated.

Father and Peel's clone take the real Emma to a hot air balloon. Father and Peel's clone die when the balloon crashes and explodes. Invisible Jones learns de Wynter is using the Prospero instruments on a secret island. Steed and Emma arrive at the island to stop him.

## Cast
* Ralph Fiennes as John Steed, a British Ministry agent
* Uma Thurman as Emma Peel, Scientist, Ministry agent
* Sean Connery as Sir August de Wynter, a weather scientist and a terrorist 
* Jim Broadbent as Mother, Director of the Ministry
* Fiona Shaw as Father, Deputy Director of the Ministry, ally of Sir August
* Eddie Izzard as Bailey, Sir August's henchman
* Eileen Atkins as Alice, a Ministry Agent
* Carmen Ejogo as Brenda, a Ministry Agent, Mother's aide
* John Wood as Trubshaw, Steed's tailor
* Keeley Hawes as Tamara, Agent of Sir August
* Patrick Macnee (voice) as Invisible Jones, a Ministry Agent
*  Lorraine McBride as Nun

## Critical response
*The Avengers* was hated by many movie critics. The Rotten Tomatoes gave this movie a 5% rating, meaning "rotten". The Metacritic rated the movie at 12/100. That rating meant "overwhelming dislike".

The movie won two awards: one Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Remake or Sequel, and a Stinkers Bad Movie Award for Worst Resurrection of a TV show.

### Awards
## References
Greg Theakston

**Greg Allen Theakston** (November 21, 1953 – April 22, 2019), also known as **Earl P. Wooten**, was an American comics artist and illustrator. He worked for many publishers. He founded his own publisher, Pure Imagination, in 1975. He was also known for creating "Theakstonizing" for comics reprinting. He was an illustrator for *Mad* for ten years. He worked on projects for Marvel Comics, DC Comics, Image Comics, Warren Comics, *New York Daily News*, Archie Comics, *Galaxy Science Fiction*, *National Lampoon*, *The New York Times*, Kitchen Sink, *Playboy*, *TV Guide* and *Rolling Stone*.

Theakston was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died on April 22, 2019, at the age of 65.

## References
## Other websites
*
Santa Maria Coghinas

**Santa Maria Coghinas** (*Cuzìna*) is a town and comune in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,389 people lived there. Its area is 22.97 km². It is 21 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites
Sant'Antonio di Gallura

'''Sant'Antonio di Gallura'* (*Sant'Antòni di Caragnàni, Sant'Antòni de Calanzànos*) is a town and *comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,520 people lived there. It covers an area is 81.69&nbsp;km². It is 354 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites
Sardara

**Sardara** (*Sàrdara*) is a town and *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,076 people lived there. Its area is 56.23&nbsp;km². It is 163 meters above sea level.

## Notes 
## Other websites
Hachette Book Group

**Hachette Book Group** (HBG) is the third largest trade and educational publishing company in the world. Hachette Livre owns the Hachette Book Group. Lagardère Group owns Hachette Livre. HBG started when Hachette Livre bought the Time Warner Book Group from Time Warner on March 31, 2006. Its headquarters are at 1290 Avenue of the Americas, Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Hachette is one of the big-five publishing companies, along with Holtzbrinck/Macmillan, Penguin Random House, HarperCollins, and Simon & Schuster. In one year, HBG publishes about 1400+ books for adults (including 50-100 digital-only titles), 300 books for young readers, and 450 audio books. In 2016, the company had 214 books on the *New York Times* bestseller list, 44 of which reached #1.

## Imprints
* Grand Central Publishing
* Little, Brown and Company
* Little, Brown Books for Young Readers
* Hachette Books
* Hachette Nashville
* Orbit Books
* Perseus Books
* Hachette Audio

## References
## Other websites
* Hachette Book Group website
Province of South Sardinia

The **Province of South Sardinia** () is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy.

## References 
## Other websites
Martin Rees

**Martin John Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow**,   (born 23 June 1942) is a British cosmologist and astrophysicist. He was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge from 2004 to 2012 and President of the Royal Society between 2005 and 2010.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

Rees is a member of the Board of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and the Oxford Martin School. He co-founded the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk and is on the Scientific Advisory Board for the Future of Life Institute. 

He has formerly been a Trustee of the British Museum, the Science Museum, the Gates Cambridge Trust and the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR).

His doctoral students have included Roger Blandford, Priyamvada Natarajan, and James E. Pringle.

## References
Mores

**Mores** (*Mòres*) is a town and *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,907 people lived there. Its area is 94.86&nbsp;km². It is 366 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites
Robert May, Baron May of Oxford

**Robert McCredie May, Baron May of Oxford**,  HonFAIB (8 January 1936 &ndash; 28 April 2020) was an Australian scientist. He was President of the Royal Society from 2000 to 2005. He is a professor at the University of Sydney and Princeton University. He was a crossbench (independent) member of the House of Lords from 2001 until his retirement in 2017.

May was a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and an appointed member of the council of the British Science Association. He was also a member of the advisory council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1994.

May died on 28 April 2020 at a nursing home in Oxford of pneumonia caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 84.

## References
Carrion beetle

**Carrion beetle** is the name for a group of beetles, where the larvae feed on raw flesh.  They are also known as **large carrion beetles** or  **burying beetles**. They are in the family **Silphidae**, which belongs to the order Coleoptera. 

Over 180 species of such beetles are known. They lay their eggs into raw flesh, and the larvae feed on raw flesh (or dead animals). Sometimes the adults hunt and kill the larvae of other insects.

Most carrion beetles only walk: they have lost the power of flight. The do walk for long distances in search of dead animals to lay their eggs on.

Most species occur on the northern hemisphere, in temperate climates.  Often, they can be found in grassland or woodland areas. In the tropical climates they occur mostly in the mountains, where it is colder. They are not present in the desert.
Hugo Gunckel Lüer

**Hugo Gunckel Lüer** (August 10, 1901 – July 17, 1997) was a Chilean pharmacist and botanist. He was a member of many scientific societies.

## Works
Bibliografia Moliniana 1980 Fondo Andrés Bello

Gunckel, H. (2018). Nombre indígenas relacionados con la flora chilena. Boletín de Filología, (11), pp.&nbsp;191–327 PDF

### Articles
Flora Vascular de Chile.
Tifáceas 1959 Universidad de Chile

Gunckel H 1982. Significado de nombres genéricos de algunas plantas de la flora chilena. Academia N° 4. Academia Superior de Ciencias Pedagógicas. 157-180

## References
## Other websites
* Obituary 
* Memoria Chilena
List of countries by past and projected GDP (nominal)

This is an alphabetical **list of countries by past and projected gross domestic product (nominal)** as ranked by the IMF.

## UN estimates between 1970 and 1979
The following Table is based on UN GDP data.

## Achievement of trillions in GDP 
The following is a list of countries reaching a certain threshold of nominal GDP in a specific year according to International Monetary Fund, United Nations, and World Bank.

## Long term GDP estimates
The following table provides GDP estimates for the 20 largest economies from 2016 to 2050 made by UK based PricewaterhouseCoopers in February 2017.

The following table provides GDP estimates for the 50 largest economies in 2033 made by UK based Center for Business and Economic Research in December 2018.

## References
Kate Gale

**Kate Gale** is an American author, poet, librettist, and independent publisher.

## Awards 
* Allen Ginsberg Poetry Award
* Claremont Graduate University Fellowship
* Mitchell Lathrop Fellowship
* Red Mountain Press Editor's Award http://redmountainpress.us/kate-gale-received-the-red-mountain-editors-award-for-echo-light/ 

## Bibliography 
**Echo Light* (Red Mountain Press, 2014) 
**Goldilocks Zone* (University of New Mexico Press, 2014) 
**The Crucifix is Down* (Red Hen Press, 2005) (ed.)
**Mating Season* (Tupelo Press, 2004)
**Fake-City Syndrome* (Red Hen Press, 2002) (ed.)
**Lake of Fire* (Winter Street Press, 2000)
**Blue Cathedral* (Red Hen Press, 2000) (ed.)
**Fishers of Men* (Red Hen Press, 2000)
**African Sleeping Beauty* (Blue Beginnings Publishing, 2000)
**Selling the Hammock* (Red Hen Press, 1998)
**Anyone is Possible* (Red Hen Press, 1997) (ed.)
**Where Crows and Men Collide* (Red Hen Press, 1995)
**Water Moccasins* (Title Wave Press, 1994)
**Blue Air* (Garden Street Press, 1993)

## Librettos 
**Rio de Sangre* with composer Don Davis
**Paradises Lost* with Ursula K. Le Guin and composer Stephen Andrew Taylor
**Kindred* adapted from the novel by Octavia Butler with composer Billy Childs
**Inner Circle* adapted from the novel by T. C. Boyle with composer Daniel Felsenfeld
**Che Guevara* with composer Andrew Bayola
*''Ravi's Dream* with composer Michael Roth
**Gargoyles'' with composer Julia Adolphe

## References
## Other websites 
* Red Hen's Website
* Rio de Sangre site
* American Composer's Forum site
* University of Nebraska News site
Simply connected space

A space (or shape) is called **simply connected** if it is all one piece and does not have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, a ball is simply connected, but a doughnut is not. 

More formally, being "one piece" means a shape is path-connected, which means there is a path from any point inside the shape to any other which does not leave the shape.
Reijo Taipale

**Reijo Toivo Taipale** (9 March 1940 – 26 April 2019) was a Finnish pop singer. He performed mostly Schlager music, tango and ballads. He first became known in the music scene during the 1950s. Some of his famous songs include "Elämän virta", "Sateen hiljainen ääni" and "Valon lapsi". He had over 30 albums to his name. He also released albums with Eino Grön in the 1970s. He was born in Miehikkälä.

Taipale died of dementia in Helsinki on 26 April 2019. He was 79.

## References
## Other websites
*