open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sir John Byron

Sir **John Byron** MP (1386–1450) was an English nobleman, landowner, politician, and knight. He had estates in Clayton near Manchester and at South Stoke (now Stoke Rochford) in Lincolnshire. He was Member of Parliament for Lancashire in 1421 and 1429, and for Lincolnshire in 1447. He was the son and heir of Sir Richard Byron (1354-1415), He married Margery Booth, daughter of John Booth. His son Sir Nicolas Byron inherited his estates.

## Ancestry 
## References 
*
Carson Wentz

**Carson James Wentz** (born December 30, 1992) is an American football quarterback. He plays for the Washington Commanders  in the National Football League (NFL).

He was drafted in the first round of the 2016 NFL draft. He played his first NFL game in 2016. In his first year he passed for 3,782 yards and 16 touchdowns, 14 Interceptions. His team the Eagles finished the year 7–9 and missed the playoffs. In his second year he had good season 3,296	yards and 33 touchdowns and 7 Interceptions. He was seen as an MVP candidate. The. In week 14 Wentz injured his knee against the Los Angeles Rams.

## References
Banana squash

**Banana squash** is an edible squash, or gourd, in the *Cucurbita* family. developed from the butternut squash, a type of winter squash. Its name was given for its elongated shape and yellow colour. 

Like the butternut squash, it has a potato-like texture and seeds in the middle. It is classified as a fruit because it has seeds. Its mild flesh can be either sweet or savoury.

## Gallery 

Cucurbita maxima Banana squash 0-1.jpg|Sliced banana squash

## References
Carl Emil Christiansen

**Carl Emil Christiansen** (31 December 1937 – 15 January 2018) was a Danish football player.

Christiansen played 313 games and scored 112 goals for Esbjerg fB in Denmark. He was the top goalscorer of the 1962 Danish football championship, and played two games and scored one goal for the Denmark national football team.

## References
## Other websites
*Danish national team profile 
* Esbjerg fB profile
Romani Americans

**Romani Americans** are people in the United States who are Romani. Their ancestors mainly came to the United States from Eastern Europe during the 19th  and 20th centuries. It is estimated that there are one million Romani people in the United States. They are also known as American Gypsies.

## History
Spain shipped Romani slaves to Louisiana. An Afro-Romani community exists in St. Martin Parish due to intermarriage of freed Africans and Romani slaves. Romanichal and British Roma were enslaved in the Southern United States. Massive Roma migration from Europe began in the nineteenth century. Most were Romanichal. Many resided in Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia. They were mostly horse traders.

## Groups
They are different Roma groups in the USA, with different religions. Majority are Christian Dasikane Roma (Roma Gypsy has nothing to do with Romanians)  from Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Spain, and few Muslim Xoraxane Roma from former Ex-Yugoslavia.

## Settlements
The Roma are concentrated in large cities such Chicago and Los Angeles and states such as New York, Virginia, Illinois, Texas, and Massachusets.

## References
Ostafrikasaurus

***Ostafrikasaurus*** was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of southeastern Tanzania. It is known only from a fossil tooth that is  long. Paleontologist Eric Buffetaut claims it is the oldest evidence of a Spinosaurid dinosaur (a type of crocodile-like dinosaur that ate fish); it appeared 148 million years ago.

## References
Olivia Cole

**Olivia Carlena Cole** (November 26, 1942 – January 19, 2018) was an American actress. She was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Her career began in 1954 and ended when she retired in 2011. Cole won an Emmy Award for her role as Chicken George's wife, Matilda in the 1977 miniseries *Roots*. She was also known for her role as Maggie Rogers in the 1979 miniseries *Backstairs at the White House*.

Cole died at the age of 75 at her home in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico on January 19, 2018, after a heart attack.

## References
## Other websites
*
Marcos Carvajal

**Marcos José Carvajal** (; 19 August 1984 &ndash; 24 January 2018) was a Venezuelan relief pitcher. He played for the Colorado Rockies and Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball.

Carvajal died of pneumonia on January 24, 2018 in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela at the age of 33.

## References
## Other websites
Retrosheet
*Pura Pelota  Venezuelan Winter League statistics
**The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia* – Gary Gillette, Peter Gammons, Pete Palmer. Publisher: Sterling Publishing, 2005. Format: Paperback, 1824pp. Language: English.
Gonzalo Facio Segreda

in July 1962]]
**Gonzalo Justo Facio Segreda** (28 March 1918 – 24 January 2018) was a Costa Rican lawyer, politician, and diplomat. He was born in San José, Costa Rica. 

Facio Segreda served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1970 to 1978, as President of the Legislative Assembly from 1953 to 1956, and later served as Ambassador to the United States from 1956 to 1958, again from 1962 to 1966 and again from 1990 to 1994.

Facio Segreda died on 24 January 2018 of pneumonia complicated by Alzheimer's disease in Escazu, Costa Rica at the age of 99.

## References
Gordon the Big Engine

**Gordon the Big Engine** is a fictional anthropomorphic tender locomotive in *The Railway Series* books by Wilbert Awdry and is one of the central characters in the television series *Thomas and Friends*, which is based on the books. He is a 4-6-2 blue tender engine, painted blue and carries the number 4. Gordon is the most important engine because he is the biggest and best and he pulls the express.

## Biography
### *The Railway Series*
His first appearance in *The Railway Series* was in the very first book, *The Three Railway Engines*. The eighth book in the series was dedicated to him, as was the thirty-first. He is the prototype of the LNER Gresley Class A1, built in 1922. He was part of Sodor's N.W.R. (North Western Railway) until he was transferred to the British Railway with the smoke deflectors at the end of the series. He pulled the express for 87 years until 2011 he was replaced by high-speed electric engines Pip and Emma. Gordon is one hundred and three years old as of 2025, and he has been part of the North Western Railway for his entire life.
### *Thomas & Friends*
Gordon was built in 1922 by Herbert Nigel Gresley. He was Gresley’s GNR a1 prototype. Gordon remained rather “hush hush” from the public and, apart from test runs, was never put into regular engine traffic or given an official GNR number. This evidence suggests that Gordon is, or at least was, a real engine.

### *Thomas & Friends: All Engines Go!*
## Voice actors
*Neil Crone (*Thomas and the Magic Railroad (UK/US) and Thomas and Friends: All Engines Go! (US)*)
**Keith Scott (*Thomas and the Magic Railroad* (original workprints))
**John Hollis (*Thomas and the Magic Railroad* (original workprints))
*Keith Wickham (*UK; Hero of the Rails onwards*)
*Kerry Shale (*US; Hero of the Rails onwards*)
*Kenji Utsumi (*Japan; Series 1 - 8*)
*Kenta Miyake (*Japan; Calling All Engines! onwards*)

## References
Renaud Gagneux

**Renaud Gagneux** (15 May 1947 – 24 January 2018) was a French composer. He was born in Paris. Gagneux studied piano with Alfred Cortot and composition with Henri Dutilleux at the École Normale in Paris. In 1966 he went to Cologne to study composition with Karlheinz Stockhausen, then with André Jolivet and Olivier Messiaen at the Conservatoire de Paris. 

In 1972 he joined the Groupe de Recherches Musicales de l'ORTF. His many prizes include the Sacem Grand Prix for chamber music (1977), the Prix Georges Enesco (1983), the Prize for New Talent from the SACD (1989), the Composers' Prize of the Sacem (1990), and the SACEM Grand Prix 1993 for his works overall.

Gagneux died in Paris on 24 January 2018 of ALS-related complications at the age of 70.

## References
## Other websites
*Composer website 
*Details on Requiem
Frank Varrichione

**Frank Joseph Varrichione** (pronounced "Vair-akee-oh'-nee," January 14, 1932 &ndash; January 6, 2018) was an American athlete. He was born in Natick, Massachusetts. He played eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1955 through 1960 and with the Los Angeles Rams from 1961 to 1965.

Varrichione died on January 6, 2018 in Framingham, Massachusetts of skin cancer at the age of 85.

## References
Neagu Djuvara

**Neagu Djuvara** (; August 18, 1916 – January 25, 2018) was a Romanian historian, essayist, philosopher, journalist, novelist and diplomat. He was born in Bucharest. Djuvara was an active contributor to Radio Free Europe. Between 1991 and 1998, he was an Associate Professor at the University of Bucharest. During the early 1990s, he was a noted critic of Romanian political developments.

Djuvara died in Bucharest of pneumonia on January 25, 2018 at the age of 101.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Page at the Humanitas site
Bristol stool scale

The **Bristol stool scale** is a medical diagnosis tool used by doctors to classify the way feces looks into seven different categories. It is also known by the names **Bristol stool chart** and **Bristol stool form scale**.

It was developed at Bristol Royal Infirmary in 1997 as a clinical assessment tool, but is also used to help with patients who cannot speak, so that they can show their doctor if they have a problem with their bowels (a clinical communication aid). It is also used to help diagnose Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

## Understanding the scale
The seven types of feces shown by the scale are:

*Type 1: Separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass)
*Type 2: Sausage-shaped, but lumpy
*Type 3: Like a sausage but with cracks on its surface
*Type 4: Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft
*Type 5: Soft blobs with clear cut edges (passed easily)
*Type 6: Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool
*Type 7: Watery, no solid pieces, entirely liquid
Feces that look like Type 3 and Type 4 have a normal shape. Feces that look like Type 1 and Type 2 are a sign of constipation. Feces that look like Type 6 and Type 7 are a sign of diarrhea. Feces that look like Type 5 is a sign of lacking fiber.

## References
Lyudmila Senchina

**Lyudmila Petrovna Senchina** (;  13 December 1950, – 25 January 2018) was a Soviet, Ukrainian and Russian singer (soprano). 

She was also an actress, appearing in *Armed and Dangerous* (), in which Lyudmila performed a female lead role. 

## Works 
Senchina was known for her songs *Cinderella* and * Pebbles *(),  *Stones*  (),  *Love and Separation*  (),  *White Acacia*  (),  *Birthday*  (),  *White Dance*  (),  *Field Flowers*  ()*.*

## Awards 
In 1979 she was awarded the title of Meritorious Artist of the RSFSR and in 2002 the title of People's Artist of Russia. Merited Artist of Ukraine (2003).

Senchina died on 25 January 2018 in a hospital in St. Petersburg of pancreatic cancer at the age of 67.

## References
White Americans

**White Americans** are citizens of the United States who are white people.

In 2010, 70% of the people living in the United States said that they were white. About 60% of the United States population was white people who were not Hispanic.

The white population in the United States has been getting smaller. More white people have died than have been born in most states.

Most white Americans have English (46.6 million), German (45 million), and Irish (38.6 million) ancestors.

## History
White Americans are responsible for enslaving Black people in the United States and causing the Native American genocide in the United States.

## Related pages 
*European Americans
*White Hispanic and Latino Americans
*Racism in the United States
*White Anglo-Saxon Protestant

## References
Revenue division

A **revenue division** is an administrative division of some of the Indian states. It is a geographic area covering many mandals (taluks). These mandals consists of villages. A revenue division is headed by a Revenue Divisional Officer.

## References
Alipurduar district

**Alipurduar district** is a district in West Bengal, India. The headquarters of this district is Alipurduar city. This district was created in the year of 2014. This is the 20th district of West Bengal. The largest clan of Oraon people in all the settlement of Oraon dominated villages and towns in Alipurduar and Jalpaiguri district is Lakhra clan.

The district contains nine census towns and rural areas of 66 gram panchayats. These are under six community development blocks: Madarihat - Birpara, Alipurduar I, Alipurduar II, Falakata, Kalchini and Kumargram.

The nine census towns are Paschim Jitpur, Chechakhata, Alipurduar Railway Junction, Bholar Dabri, Sobhaganj, Falakata, Jaygaon and Uttar Latabari and Uttar Kamakhyaguri.

## References
Purba Bardhaman district

**Purba Bardhaman district** is a newly created district of West Bengal. Bardhaman district of West Bengal was divided into two new districts. These were named **Purba Bardhaman district** and Paschim Bardhaman district. This district has its headquarters at Bardhaman city.

## Demographics
As of the 2011 Census of India, Purba Bardhaman district had a total population of 4,835,532. There were 2,469,310 (51%) males and 2,366,222 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 509,855.

## References
Kolkata district

**Kolkata district** is an administrative district of West Bengal. The city of Kolkata is headquarters of the district.

## Demographics 
According to the 2011 census of India, Kolkata district has a population of 4,486,679.This gives it a ranking of 35th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of .

## References
Aditi Sajwan

**Aditi Sajwan** (born 12 February 1992 in Dehradun, India) is an Indian television soap opera actress. She made her acting debut in Zee TV's *Meri Doli Tere Angana*. After she entered Imagine TV's *Rajkumaar Aaryan* to play the role of Mayasheen, she played Yashoda in Jai Shri Krishna and she was seen in *Meera* as Meera , She was last seen on television Show *Chidiya Ghar* as Koyal.

## Career
Sajwan n.k has all her life lived in different states of India as her father Pradeep Shingh Sajwan had a transferrable job. She was born in Dehradun, India. Her mother, Vineeta Sajwan, is a housewife. Her younger brother is a student. Her sister is a corporate anchor by profession. Sajwan is a trends Bharata Natyam and Kathak dancer. She is also a singer. She moved to Mumbai to pursue her career as an actor. She completed her BMM degree from Mumbai itself along with her acting.

## References
Steve Foster

**Stephen Edward Foster** (30 September 1946 &ndash; 25 January 2018), better known as **Steve Foster**, was an Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist and banjo and harmonica player. He was born in Murray Bridge, South Australia. 

Foster's career had mostly been as a solo artist, but he has led some very successful bands as well including Inkase, Alcheringa, Head First and Limited Edition. He was the opening act on the Brian Cadd & the Bootleg Family Australian tour 1972-1973. He performed in The Mount Lofty Rangers.

In September 1972, was the release of Foster's award-winning debut solo album *Coming Home In A Jar* on the Bootleg Label.

In 1995 *Forever Blue*, a co-write with Graham Goble, first recorded by Little River Band in 1986 on the album *No Reins*, the last album recorded with John Farnham became a huge hit in Europe, rising into the Top 10.

Foster was an Australia Day Ambassador. He traveled each year to visit councils across South Australia to perform and explain what it means to be a proud Australian.

Foster died on 25 January 2018, in Adelaide, Australia of lung cancer at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
*stevefostermusic.com 
*stevefoster.info 
*Steve Foster & Blackwood County Bluegrass Ensemble (MySpace)
*Steve Foster & The OCQ (MySpace)
*Steve Foster & Blackwood County Bluegrass Ensemble (Triple J Unearthed)
*Steve Foster & The OCQ (Triple J Unearthed)
Jack Ketchum

**Dallas Mayr** (November 10, 1946 – January 24, 2018), better known by his pseudonym **Jack Ketchum**, was an American author and screenwriter. He was born in Livingston, New Jersey. He was best known for writing the 1989 crime novel *The Girl Next Door*.

Many of his novels have been made to movies, including *Red* and *The Woman*. In 2011, Ketchum received the World Horror Convention Grand Master Award for outstanding contribution to the horror genre.

Ketchum died on January 24, 2018 in New York City of pancreatic cancer at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website 
* Jack Ketchum at the Internet Movie Database
Patrick Mazimhaka

**Patrick Kayumbu Mazimhaka** (26 April 1948 &ndash; 25 January 2018) was a Rwandan politician. He was the former Deputy Chairperson of the African Union's African Commission. Mazimhaka was born in Rwanda. He was elected the Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission in July 2003 held in Maputo, Mozambique, and held the office until 6 February 2008. He was, until his election, the Senior Presidential Advisor to the President of Rwanda on the Great Lakes Region. 

Mazimhaka died in Delhi, India on 25 January 2018 at the age of 69.

## References
## Further reading
* describes Mazimhaka's 1999 recollection of Colonel Theoneste Bagosura's intention at the time of the Arusha accord to plan "Apocalypse deux".
Jeff Colyer

**Jeffrey William Colyer** (born June 3, 1960) is an American surgeon and politician. On January 31, 2018, he became the 47th Governor of Kansas. Before, he was the 49th Lieutenant Governor of Kansas serving under Governor Sam Brownback. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a member of the Kansas Senate (2009–2011) and of the Kansas House of Representatives (2007–2009).

Colyer was a White House Fellow under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. He worked in international affairs.

On January 24, 2018, Vice President Mike Pence broke a 49-49 tie vote to make Governor Brownback the United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom. Governor Brownback resigned on January 25, 2018 to serve as the ambassador, thus making Colyer the designate governor.

On August 14, 2018, Colyer lost the Republican nomination to Secretary of State Kris Kobach for Governor in the 2018 election by 345 votes.

## References
## Other websites
*Project Vote Smart profile 
* Campaign contributions: 2006, 2008
*
Gustav Gerneth

**Gustav Gerneth** (15 October 1905 – 21 October 2019) was a German World War II-veteran and possibly the oldest man ever in Germany, as well as the world's oldest man at the time of his death. However, his age is not validated by Guinness World Records and the Gerontology Research Group.

Gerneth worked in a shipping company and at a gas plant during World War II. He was a Soviet prisoner-of-war until 1947 when he was released from imprisonment. He married his wife Charlotte (died in 1988) in 1930 and the couple had three sons, all of whom now deceased.

On 29 January 2018, following the death of 113-year-old Francisco Núñez Olivera of Spain, Gerneth became the oldest living man in Europe.

On 20 January 2019, following the death of 113-year-old Masazō Nonaka of Japan, Gerneth became a candidate to the title of the world’s oldest man, as well as possibly the last surviving man born in 1905.

Gustav Gerneth died in Havelberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on 21 October 2019 of natural causes, aged 114 years and 6 days, believed to have been the world's oldest man, although *Guinness World Records* has not verified his case.

## References
Megalosauroidea

**Megalosauroidea** is a group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. They lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period. Members of the group include *Spinosaurus*, *Megalosaurus*, and *Torvosaurus*.

## Classification 
The definition of the clade Megalosauroidea includes *Megalosaurus bucklandii* and all taxa that share a more recent common ancestor with it than they do with *Allosaurus fragilis* or the House Sparrow.

Below is a cladogram showing the relationships between different members of Megalosauroidea. It is based on a study by Carrano, Benson & Sampson (2012).

## References
Ikyawann

**Ikyawann** is a 2017 Indian television series, which is broadcast on Star Plus and stream on Hotstar. The show is  premiered on 13 November 2017.The Show is Going Off Air on 1 June 2018 and it will get replaced by Sabse Smart Kaun.

## Plot
The story of the show centers around a diffident girl, Susheel, 51st child of the Parekh family. A road accident kills all the female members of Parekh family except Susheel's mother. Avni gives birth to Susheel but dies. The accident was planned by Leela, Kiran's mother, who wants revenge for her daughter. Otherside, Satya is the grandson of Leela. The story follows these two main characters as they fall in love and try to overcome their personal and family problems.

## Cast and characters
### Main
* Prachi Tehlan as Susheel Parekh
* Namish Taneja as Satya Ajmera

### Recurring
* Priyank Tatariya as Mehul Parekh
* Anwar Fatehan as Banke Parekh
* Kavita Vaid as Leela Ajmera
* Nabeel Ahmed as Vishu Ajmera
* Neha Yadav as Sejal Ajmera
* Pallavi Bharti as Dr. Kali Ajmera
* Puneet Panjwani as Naresh Parekh
* Jai Vats as Nitish Parekh
* Komal Dhillon as Kiran Ajmera
* Akshitta Arora as Jhano

## References
## Other websites 
* *Ikyawann * Streaming on Hotstar
Elephant polo

]]
]]

**Elephant polo** is a variant of polo. It is played whilst riding elephants. It is played in Nepal, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.
Maillard reaction

s, such as this brioche, are golden-brown due to the Maillard reaction.]]

The **Maillard reaction** is a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, pan-fried dumplings, pizzas, cookies, and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, as well as many other foods, undergo this reaction.

The reactive carbonyl group of the sugar reacts with the nucleophilic amino group of the amino acid, and forms a complex mixture of poorly characterized molecules responsible for a range of aromas and flavors. At higher temperatures, caramelization and subsequently pyrolysis become more pronounced. In other words, sugar and baked things become brown and caramelized due to this reaction. 

For example, the Maillard reaction happens when searing a steak.
Flag of Zimbabwe

The **flag of Zimbabwe** has seven horizontal stripes of green, gold, red and black with a white triangle containing a red five-pointed star with a Zimbabwe Bird. The most recent design was adopted on April 18th, 1980. Zimbabwe won its freedom from the United Kingdom on this day. This design is adapted from the flag of the Zimbabwe African National Union, the current ruling party in Zimbabwe. 

## Related pages
*Flag of Rhodesia
Elizabeth Hawley

**Elizabeth Hawley** (November 9, 1923 – January 26, 2018) was an American journalist and chronicler of Himalayan expeditions. Hawley was born in Chicago, Illinois.

She was studied at the University of Michigan. She moved to Nepal after giving up her job as a researcher for *Fortune* magazine in New York and visiting Kathmandu on a round-the-world trip.

She found work with the Reuters news agency covering mountaineering news, including the 1963 American expedition that was the first from the United States to traverse Mount Everest.

Hawley died on 26 January 2018 at the age of 94.

## References
Chips Hardy

**Edward John** "**Chips**" **Hardy** (born 23 January 1950) is an English screenwriter, novelist, playwright, and creative director. He and Elizabeth Ann, his wife, are the parents of actor Tom Hardy, with whom Hardy worked on BBC One's drama series *Taboo*, as the co-creator, a writer and a consulting producer.

## Early life 
Chips Hardy was born on 23 January 1950 and grew up in Ealing. Named Edward after both his father, Edward Thomas Hardy, who worked for the Port of London Authority, and his grandfather, Edward Egmore Hardy, who was the Fire Chief at Ealing Studios. His mother, Patricia, was a deputy headmistress.

In 1961 Hardy won a state scholarship to Latymer Upper School. In 1969 he won an Exhibition to read English at Downing College, Cambridge.

## Career 
Alongside a career in advertising as an award-winning Global Creative Director, Hardy has written for television, movie, theatre, novels and stand-up material. Productions include a children’s television series with a talking chair called *Helping Henry* and *About Face*, a television drama with Maureen Lipman. Hardy also won a British Comedy Award for his work with Irish comedian Dave Allen.

In 2007, Hardy’s novel *Each Day A Small Victory* was published in the form of frontline despatches from amongst the embattled wildlife in an English country lay-by, illustrated by Oscar Grillo.

*Blue on Blue*, Hardy’s darkly comic play on self-harm, was first showcased at the Latchmere 503 in London in 2007. The play was revived in 2016 at the Tristan Bates in London in partnership with BLESMA, the British Limbless Ex-serviceman’s Association.

In 2009, inspired by an idea from his son Tom Hardy, Chips Hardy and Tom created the story that was to become the 2017 eight-part series* Taboo*. Hardy is the co-creator, a writer and a consulting producer.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Nick Palatas

**Nicholas Edward "Nick" Palatas** (born January 22, 1988) is an American actor. He has appeared in two short movies, titled *The Erogenous Zone* and *Love* and has been in several ads. In 2009, he played Norville "Shaggy" Rogers in the movie, *Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins* and reprised the role in *Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster* which released in October 2010.

## Personal life
Palatas has two brothers, Phillip Palatas and actor Cameron Palatas.

He is married to Marissa Denig (sister of actress Maggie Grace), with whom he has three children, Vienna, Edward and Deanna.

## Filmography 
### Film
## Other websites 
*
Brandon Hardesty

**Brandon Allan Hardesty** (born April 13, 1987) is an American comedic performer and actor. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

In September 2007, upon seeing Hardesty's YouTube videos, a producer of the movie *Bart Got a Room* e-mailed Hardesty expressing interest in casting him for a supporting role. Hardesty was cast as a lead in a short movie "Ham Sandwich," directed by David Green. In 2013, Hardesty has been cast in roles in the movie *Seven Minutes* as well as *The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power*, the fourth installment in the *Mummy* movie franchise.

## Other websites 
*
*
Jacques Languirand

**Jacques Languirand** (May 1, 1931 – January 26, 2018) was a Canadian radio host, writer, and actor. He was born in Montreal, Quebec.

He hosted the same radio show, *Par 4 chemins* on Radio-Canada, for 42 years. He was awarded the C.M. (Member of the Order of Canada) on December 21, 1987, and the O.C. (Officer of the Order of Canada) on May 8, 2003.

In 2012, he became a known actor in Martin Villeneuve's *Mars et Avril*, a science fiction movie based on the graphic novels of the same name.

Languirand in Montreal of Alzheimer's disease on January 26, 2018 at the age of 86.

## References
Herbolzheim

**Herbolzheim** is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

It is near the river Elz,  north of Freiburg.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website  
* Herbolzheim: History and images
Caihong

***Caihong*** () is an extinct dinobird from Late Jurassic China. *Caihong* was discovered in 2014. The animal may predate the famous *Aurornis xui*, the earliest bird, by about 1 million years.

The type species, ***Caihong juji***, was named in 2018.

## Description
### Size
*Caihong* was a rather small dinosaur. Its length was estimated at , and its weight at .

### Skeleton
The skull of *Caihong* has a length of 67.6 millimetres. It is low and elongated (superficially similar to that of *Velociraptor)*, only slightly shorter than the femur.

#### Vertebrae
*Caihong* probably has ten neck vertebrae, thirteen back vertebrae, five sacral vertebrae and twenty-sic tail vertebrae.

### Feathering and coloration
The fossilized feathers of *Caihong* showed similarity to a black iridescent color in extant birds. Other feathers found on the head, chest, and the base of the tail preserve flattened sheets of platelet-like melanosomes.

*Caihong* represents the oldest known evidence of platelet-like melanosomes.

## References
Kel, Azad Kashmir

**Kel** () is a village in Neelum Valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located at a height of . It is near the Line of Control.

## References
Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân

**Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân** (born 12 April 1954 in Bến Tre Province) is a Vietnamese politician currently serving as Chairwoman of the National Assembly of Vietnam and the first woman to take the position. Previously, she served as Vice President of the National Assembly, Minister of Labor and President of Hải Dương Province. She replaced Nguyễn Sinh Hùng as Chairwoman of the National Assembly on 31 March 2016.

## References
Love & Hip Hop: New York

***Love & Hip Hop: New York*** (best known as simply ***Love & Hip Hop***) is an American television series. It is about the lives of several people in New York City, involved with hip hop music. It is broadcast on VH1, an American cable television network.

## Main cast members
*Cardi B
*Cyn Santana
*Yandy Smith
*Amina Buddafly
*Remy Ma
*Papoose
*Erica Mena
*Rashidah Ali
*Raqi Thunda
*Tara Wallace
*Chrissy Monroe
*DreamDoll
*Mariahlynn
*Juju C.
*K. Michelle
*Bianca Bonnie

## References
Jhelam Valley

**Jhelam Valley** () is a valley in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is a 50 kilometers (31 miles) long valley located along with Jhelam River.

## References
Disney Star

**Disney Star** (trade as  **Disney Star India Private Limited**) is the largest media company of India. This company has 58 channels in eight languages. On 14 December 2017, The Walt Disney Company announced that it would acquire 21st Century Fox's Entertainment Division for $52.4 billion. Since Star India is owned by Fox, it was one of the assets acquired by Disney. STAR India announced it has successfully completed the integration of the broadcast business of MAA TV. The deal was estimated to be between Rs2,000 to 2,500 crore ($24 - $30million). Their STAR sports group planned to build a national sports network in India. The plan included broadcasting in Indian languages. On 14 November 2012, Star CJ Alive appointed Kenny Shin as CEO. Star World HD and Star World HD+ Awkward. and Teen Wolf

## Notes
## References
Middle name

A **middle name** is a name given to a person at birth or baptism.  It is different from a given name and surname. 

In most Western countries the given name comes first (before the last name or family name).  However, in many Eastern countries such as China it comes after the last name or family name, and occasionally also in Europe, e.g. in Hungarian.

## References
Samahni Valley

**Samahni valley** is a valley located on the Line of Control that separates Azad Kashmir from Indian Kashmir. It covers an area of 1270 km2 and is the largest valley in Kashmir by area covered.

## References
Hiromu Nonaka

was a Japanese LDP politician. He served as a local politician from 1951 to 1978 and in the House of Representatives from 1983 to 2003. He served as Minister of Home Affairs and Head of the National Public Safety Commission from 1994 to 1995, as Chief Cabinet Secretary from 1998 to 1999, and as Head of the Okinawa Development Agency in 1999.

## References
## Other websites
* Profile of Hiromu Nonaka
Folkspraak

**Folkspraak** (also **Folksprák** and **Folksprak**; from *folk* 'people' and *spraak* 'language', which means "the language of the people") is an unfinished zonal constructed language. It uses words from Germanic languages to make it easy for anyone who speaks those languages to understand it.

## Example of text 
The Lord's Prayer in different kinds of Folkspraak:

## References
Arnold Roth

**Arnold Roth** (born February 25, 1929) is an American freelance cartoonist and illustrator. He worked in advertisements, album covers, books, magazines, and newspapers. 

Novelist John Updike wrote, "All cartoonists are geniuses, but Arnold Roth is especially so".

## References
## Other websites
*
*Reuben Award bio
*Roth at the Society of Illustrators in Manhattan Retrieved March 2013
Javiera Muñoz

**Javiera Margarita Odija Ubal Muñoz** (28 May 1977 – 18 January 2018) was a Swedish singer. She was of Chilean-Spanish descent. She participated in Melodifestivalen twice, in 2000 with *Varje timma, var minut*, and in 2002 with *No hay nada más*. She was born in Motala, Sweden.

In 2003, she received a musical grant for promoting Latino Music in Sweden.

Muñoz died on 18 January 2018 in Gothenburg, Sweden at the age of 40.

## References
Byron Langley

**Byron J. Langley** (November 11, 1926 – January 13, 2018) was an American politician. He was born Warwick, North Dakota.

Langley was a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives serving as a Democrat. He represented the 12th district from 1973 to 1980. He also served in the North Dakota Senate from 1985 to 1996.  On April 21, 1993 the Fifty-third Legislative Assembly unanimously elected Langley to the office of the President Pro Tempore; which he held through 1994. 

Langley died on January 13, 2018 in Carrington, North Dakota of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 91.
## References
Olivia (singer)

**Olivia Theresa Longott** (born 15 February 1981) is an American singer, songwriter and television personality.  She was also on the Love & Hip Hop: New York series. She is best known for singing on rapper 50 Cent's song "Candy Shop".

## Early life and career
Longott was born in Brooklyn, New York. She was raised in New York City. She studied music at Bayside High School. She started her career in her teenage years. She released her first single in 2000.

## Discography 
* *Olivia* (2001)
* *You Are* (2024)

## Notes
Mohammed Al-Mfarah

**Mohammed Al-Mfarah**, also known as **Abu Samah** () (May 20, 1945 – January 23, 2018), was a Saudi Arabian actor, playwright, director and producer. He was born in Al-Zilfi, Saudi Arabia. He worked at the ministry of health and submitted his resignation in 1975.

Al-Mfarah was known for his movie roles in *Al-Saknat Fe Klobna* (), *Secretary in the House*, *Ahtarq Al-Samah* (), and *Abo Samah Fe Fanaq Al-Samrine* (). He also appeared in the plays *Al-Mohsan* () and *Bokor Wa kolampor* ().

Al-Mfarah died in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on January 23, 2018 of laryngeal cancer at the age of 72.

## References
## Other websites
*Riyadh newspaper
Goosebumps (1995 TV series)

***Goosebumps*** is a horror anthology children's television series based on R. L. Stine's best-selling *Goosebumps* book series. It ran from October 27, 1995 through November 16, 1998. *Goosebumps* originally began airing on YTV (in English) and Canal Famille (in French) in Canada and on Fox Kids in the United States.

From October 7, 2007 to September 7, 2009, Cartoon Network aired the episodes. From September 6, 2011 until September 1, 2014, The Hub broadcast the series.

The opening sequence starts with a man dressed in black carrying his briefcase up a hill. The name engraved on the briefcase reveals the mysterious man to be *Goosebumps*' author, R. L. Stine. Hour-long specials The Haunted Mask I & II, A Night In Terror Tower, The Werewolf of Fever Swamp, Welcome to Dead House and Night of the Living Dummy III don't use the opening sequence at all but instead have R.L. Stine introducing those episodes and also appearing at the end.

## Other websites
*  at Scholastic Press
*
Dharmasena Pathiraja

**Dharmasena Pathiraja** (28 March 1943 – 28 January 2018) was a Sri Lankan movie director, screenwriter and educator. He was born in Kandy, Sri Lanka. He was known for his movies *Eya Dan Loku Lamayek* (1975) and *Bambaru Avith* (1978).

Pathiraja started his academic career at the University of Kelaniya as an assistant lecturer. Later he worked as a lecturer in several Sri Lankan universities, including, University of Jaffna, University of Ruhuna and University of Colombo.

Pathiraja died in Kandy on 28 January 2018 from a respiratory tract infection at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
*Sri Lanka Sinhala Films Database - Dharmasena Pathiraja
*
*One League of Social Consciousness:Dharmasena Pathiraja Speaks 
*Conversation with Sri Lankan Director Dharmasena Pathiraja
Cyberchase

***Cyberchase***, otherwise referred to as ***Cyber*** for short, is an animated science fantasy children's television series that aired on PBS Kids.

## Plot
The series centers around three children from Earth - Jacqueline "Jackie" Marissa Lora Mitchell, Matthew "Matt-Dude" Alexander Hale Quinlan, and Inez "Nezzie" Maria Jessica De La Cruz. They were brought into Cyberspace, a digital universe, in order to protect the world from the villain T. Hieronymous Joseph the Hacker (voiced by Christopher Lloyd). These kids are able to prevent Hacker from destroying Cyberspace by means of problem-solving skills with basic math. In Cyberspace, they meet Digit "Didge" LeBoid (voiced by Gilbert Gottfried for the first thirteen seasons, later voiced by Ron Pardo since the fourteenth season), a cybird that helps them on their missions.

## Broadcasting
It was first shown on WNET as a "sneak peek" on March 24, 2000, before making its official debut on January 21, 2002. In 2010, after the season 8 finale, PBS put the series on hiatus, but it returned in 2013 for a ninth season, followed by a tenth season in 2015, an eleventh season on October 23, 2017, and a twelfth season on April 19, 2019.

A thirteenth season was announced on October 19, 2020, and began on February 25, 2022, followed by a fourteenth season on April 21, 2023, and a fifteenth season on April 27, 2024.

## References
Erica Mena

**Erica Jasmin Mena** (Born November 8, 1987) is an actress, model, writer and Hip hop singer. Mena is known for her appearances in the show Love & Hip Hop: New York
.She has wrote the books *Chronicles of a Confirmed Bachelorette* and *Underneath It All*.

## Personal life 
Mena is openly bisexual. Mena is of Dominican and Puerto Rican ancestry. She has a son, King Javien Conde (born in March 1, 2007) with video director and rapper Raul Conde. A member of Fat Joe’s Terror Squad. Conde died on November 22, 2023.

Mena was previously engaged to Bow Wow. In December 2018, Mena became engaged to rapper and television personality Safaree Samuels. On October 7, 2019, she and Samuels married at the White Castle in New Jersey. Their daughter was born in 2020. On May 4, 2021, she announced that she and Samuels were expecting their second child together. On May 25, 2021, TMZ reported that Mena officially filed for divorce from Samuels. Their son was born in 2021.

## Filmography 
**Kourtney & Khloe Take Miami* (2009)
**Love & Hip Hop: New York* (2011-2015)
**The Show with Vinny* (2013)
**The Trisha Goddard Show* (2013)
**106 & Park* (2014)
**CSI: Cyber* (2014)
**Bad Girls Club: Social Disruption* (2016-2017)
*''Wild 'n Out* (2017)
**Master of None* (2017)
**Bad Girls Club: East Meets West* (2017)
**Scared Famous* (2017)
**Two Ways with Erica Mena'' (2025)

## Notes
Test cricket

Test cricket is the highest standard of cricket. A Test match is an international fixture, invariably part of a series of three to five games, between two teams that have Full Member status within the International Cricket Council (ICC). The teams have two innings each, and the match lasts for up to five days with a scheduled six hours of play on each day (this varies if there are interruptions due to the weather, or if an agreed number of overs is not completed within the six hours).

Men's Test cricket began with Australia versus England in 1877, although the early Tests were in fact classified as such retrospectively. Women's Test cricket began in 1934, with Australia Women hosting England Women.

Subsequently, ten other countries have achieved men's Test status: South Africa (1889), West Indies (1928), New Zealand (1929), India (1932), Pakistan (1952), Sri Lanka (1982), Zimbabwe (1992), Bangladesh (2000), Afghanistan (2017), and Ireland (2017). The West Indies is a federation whose team is made up of players from nations including Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, the Leewards and the Windwards. England is actually England and Wales combined (Scotland is separate, although many Scots have played for England); similarly, Ireland is an all-Ireland combination. In women's cricket, the teams that have played Test matches are Australia Women, England Women, India Women, Netherlands Women, New Zealand Women, South Africa Women and West Indies Women.

In the past, a few Test matches were "timeless" in the sense of having no limit on the number of days to be played.

## References
Truist Park

**Truist Park**, originally known as **SunTrust Park**, is a baseball stadium in a section of Cobb County, Georgia that has an Atlanta mailing address. It is the home of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). It replaced Turner Field as the home of the Braves.

During the stadium's planning process, it was named SunTrust Park when the Braves reached a naming agreement with the Atlanta-based SunTrust banking company. In February 2019, SunTrust merged with another banking company, BB&T, and the new company renamed itself Truist. However, the ballpark kept the SunTrust name through the 2019 season. The new name of Truist Park became official on January 14, 2020. 

## References
Nieuw-Vennep

**Nieuw-Vennep** is a town in the Netherlands. It is right below Amsterdam and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Around 30,000 people live in the town.

## Photo gallery 

File:NieuwVennepApr2015.jpg|Nieuw-Vennep, seen from the west
File:Nieuw Vennepbrug 01.jpg|A Calatrava bridge
File:Nieuw-vennep-getsewoud.jpg|Villa houses in the Getsewoud neighbourhood
File:Restaurant d'oude molen nieuw vennep.jpg|Restaurant d'Oude Molen
File:Nieuw-vennep getsewoud view.jpg|The skyline of the Getsewoud neighbourhood
File:Nieuw-vennep sneeuw dotterbloemstraat.jpg|Dotterbloemstraat covered in snow
File:Nieuw-vennep kinderboerderij de dierenvreugd.jpg|A children's farm
Northwestern Memorial Hospital

**Northwestern Memorial Hospital** (NMH) is a medical center hospital in the Magnificent Mile in Chicago, Illinois. It is the teaching hospital for Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine. 

Along with its Prentice Women’s Hospital and Stone Institute of Psychiatry, the hospital has a total of 894 patient beds. The hospital has over 1,600 physicians on the medical staff at Northwestern Memorial who also carry faculty appointments with Feinberg. It is the third tallest hospital in the United States and the fifth tallest hospital in the world.

## References
Kabul ambulance bombing

The **Kabul ambulance bombing** happened on 27 January 2018 near Sidarat Square in Kabul, Afghanistan. At least 103 people were killed and 235 others wounded in the suicide attack. The Taliban were behind the attack.

A bomb was hidden in an ambulance and exploded at a second police checkpoint, according to officials. Its blast also destroyed vehicles, shops, and buildings nearby.

At least 103 people were killed and 235 others were injured.

## References
Qigong

**Qigong** (), also known as **qi gong**, **chi kung**, or **chi gung**, is a holistic system of coordinated body posture and movement, breathing, and meditation used for health, spirituality, and martial arts training. With roots in Chinese medicine, philosophy, and martial arts, qigong is traditionally viewed as a practice to cultivate and balance qi (chi), translated as "life energy".

## References
Larry Nassar

**Lawrence Gerard Nassar** (born August 16, 1963) is a Lebanese American convicted serial child molester. He was the USA Gymnastics national team doctor and an osteopathic physician at Michigan State University.

Nassar's acts of assault sparked the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal, in which he was accused of molesting at least 150 underage girls and boys, including a number of well-known Olympic gymnasts. The allegations against him date as far back as 1992. He has admitted to at least ten of the accusations. Some writers described him as a hebephilic doctor.

In July 2017, Nassar was sentenced to 60 years in federal prison after pleading guilty to child pornography charges. On January 24, 2018, Nassar was sentenced to 40 to 175 years in a state prison in Michigan after pleading guilty to the sexual assault of minors.

On July 9, 2023, Nassar got into a fight with another inmate and was stabbed multiple times in the chest and back; he survived the altercation in stable condition.

## References
Maryo J. de los Reyes

**Mario Margarito "Maryo" Jorolan de los Reyes** (December 12, 1952 – January 27, 2018) was a Filipino movie and television director. He was born in Santa Cruz, Manila. His 2003 movie *Magnifico* was entered into the 54th Berlin International Film Festival.

Reyes suffered a heart attack and died on 27 January 2018 in Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines, at the age of 65.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Stephen Frears

]]

**Stephen Arthur Frears** (born 20 June 1941) is an English movie and television director. He was born in Leicester, England.
Frears has directed numerous movies since the 1980s including *My Beautiful Laundrette*, *Dangerous Liaisons*, *High Fidelity*, *The Queen*, *Philomena*, and *Florence Foster Jenkins*. He has been nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Director: for *The Grifters* and *The Queen*. In 2008 *The Daily Telegraph* named him among the 100 most influential people in British culture. He is fan of *Breaking Bad* and ''Howards' Way''.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Flag of Mozambique

The **flag of Mozambique** was adopted on May 1, 1983. FRELIMO, the ruling party, argued that the star's resemblance to the communist symbol was coincidental, and that the rifle represented the nation's struggle for independence.

## Appearance 
It has a horizontal tricolour of green, white-fimbriated black and yellow with the red isosceles triangle based on the hoist-side bearing the yellow five-pointed star that bears an Kalashnikov with the bayonet attached to the barrel crossed by the hoe superimposed on an open book.
## References
Flag of Kenya

The **flag of Kenya** (Swahili: *Bendera ya Kenya*) was adopted on 12 December 1963.

## Appearance 
It has a horizontal tricolour of black, white-fimbriated red, and green with two crossed white spears behind a red, white, and black Maasai shield.

## References
Roger Christian

**Roger Christian** (born 25 February 1944) is an English set decorator, production designer and feature movie director. Christian was born in London, England.

He won an Academy Award for his work on the original *Star Wars* and was Oscar-nominated for his work on *Alien*. Christian directed the second unit on both *Return of the Jedi* and *Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace* as well as feature movies including *The Sender* and *Nostradamus*. He also directed the 2000 movie *Battlefield Earth* which is regarded as one of the worst movies ever made.

In 2006, he directed an action/adventure/mystery movie, *Prisoners of the Sun*, starring John Rhys-Davies, David Charvet, Carmen Chaplin, and Gulshan Grover.

## Other websites 
*
Flag of Portugal

The **flag of Portugal** () is the national flag of the Portuguese Republic. It has a vertical bicolour of green and red, with the lesser coat of arms of Portugal centred over the colour boundary.

## References
Michael Federmann

**Michael Ilan Yoel "Mikey" Federmann** (born 9 September 1943, Haifa) is an Israeli businessman and entrepreneur, owner of the Israeli conglomerate Federmann Enterprises.

He is Chairman of the Board at Dan Hotels Ltd. He has served as CEO or Director at several companies and organizations, including Eurofund L.P, Elbit Systems Ltd, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. November 2020, *Forbes* estimates Federmann's net worth to be $2.1 billion.

## References