open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cheeseburger

A **cheeseburger** is a hamburger with cheese on it and sometimes lettuce. The cheeseburger is usually found at fast food restaurants, such as Fatburger, Wendy's, Burger King and McDonald's.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Tale of the Cheeseburger
Calorie

The **calorie** is a pre-SI unit of energy, synonymous with heat. A **calorie** is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water (specific heat capacity = 4,184 J kg-1 K-1) by one **K** (= °C + 273).

## Applications
On food labels, *calorie* refers to **kilocalories** (kilo- = 103), which equals to 1000 calories. As such, the word *calorie* is usually written with a capital C.

In simple words, calories are a way to measure energy. Our bodies get calories from the food we eat. If we eat more calories than we use, the body stores the extra energy as fat. How the body uses a calorie can depend on whether it comes from fat, protein, or carbohydrates.

## Related pages
*BTU
*Joule
*Power
*Biophysics
*Kinematics
*Horsepower
*Thermodynamics
*Classical mechanics

## References
Portland, Maine

**Portland** is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maine. The city's population was 68,408 as of the 2020 Census.

## References
Coweta County, Georgia

**Coweta County** is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia.  As of 2020, 146,158 people lived there. The county seat is Newnan, Georgia. It was named for a Creek Indian tribe that lived in the area.

## References
Gilgit District

The **Gilgit District** is bounded by the Wakhan Corridor of (Afghanistan) in the north, Xinjiang (China) in the north and northeast, Skardu District in the south and southeast. The capital of the Gilgit District is Gilgit town.

The district includes Gilgit town, Naltar, Hunza, Gojal (Upper Hunza) and Shimshal. It also includes many small villages like Minapin, Hopar, and Hispar. The Haramosh valley, now in the Gilgit District, was previously in the Skardu District.

The highest peak in the Gilgit District is Distaghil Sar , which is the 19th-highest mountain in the world.

## Demography
Main languages are Balti, Erina, Shina, Burushaski and khowar.
## Tehsils
*Aliabad Tehsil
*Gojal Tehsil
*Gilgit Tehsil
*Nagar I Tehsil
*Nagar II Tehsil
Zoe (Sesame Street)

**Zoe** is a character from the TV show *Sesame Street*. She is an orange monster who is 3 years old and is very energetic. Her introduction was in 1993. 

Zoe was originally unclothed except her barrettes, bracelets, and necklace. She was dressed in a tutu from season 33 to season 48, as like many girls of her age, Zoe is obsessed with ballet. Her love of dance in general resulted in the video Zoe's Dance Moves. In Season 49, while she wears her tutu on occasion, Zoe was mostly unclothed.

 She is currently played by Jennifer Barnhart, but was first played by Fran Brill.

## References
Moisturizer

A **moisturizer** (or **moisturiser**) is a liquid that is used for softening the skin, especially for naturally dry skins. They increase the skin's water content by reducing evaporation. The thickness of a moisturizer is *actually* what keeps the hydration concealed into the skin, which then creates the moisturizing effect. Due to its thickening agents, moisturizers typically *only come in lotion or night cream form*.

Unlike a serum, a moisturizer does not penetrate deeply into the skin. The main job of a moisturizer is to seal products into the skin, locking all the moisture and nutrients your skin needs.

They can be quite a complicated chemical mixture. They may contain naturally occurring skin lipids and sterols, artificial or natural oils, emollients, lubricants,etc.

Moisturizers are not always needed or used. They are most useful for persons with dry skin.

Moisturizers are designed to either impart or restore hydration in the stratum corneum, which is an interactive, dynamic structure, and maintenance of hydration can impact its barrier function.

## How they act 
Ways that a moisturizer affects the body include:
# Occlusives work by forming a thin film on the surface of the skin to prevent loss of moisture.
# Humectants attract water vapor from the air to moisturize the skin.
# Some add deficient materials. These aim to restore natural moisturizing factors on the skin.

## References
Olympia Snowe

**Olympia Jean Snowe** (née **Bouchles**; born February 21, 1947) is an American politician and former United States Senator from Maine. She is a member of the Republican Party.

She was the first woman to serve in both houses of a state legislature and in both houses of the United States Congress. She was the first woman to be elected Senator in the history of Maine. She is the first Greek woman ever elected to the United States Congress. Senator Snowe is a member of the United States Republican Party. Snowe also served in the United States House of Representatives. She retired in 2013, after deciding not to seek reelection in 2012. She was succeeded by Former Independent Governor of Maine Angus King.

## References
## Other websites
*U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe  *official U.S. Senate site*
*Olympia Snowe for Senate  *official campaign site*
*Profile  at SourceWatch
*U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe video clips from the Senate Republican Conference .
*U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe audio clips from the Senate Republican Conference 
*"The Anguished Moderate," *The Washington Post*, July 15, 2007.
Ghanche District

**Ghanche District** is the easternmost district of the Northern Areas, Pakistan. To its northeast is Xinjiang, China, to the north and northwest is Skardu District, to its west is Astore District and to its south is Leh District in the Indian-administered territory of Ladakh. The line of control along the eastern most region of Ghanche District runs west of the Siachen Glacier.

The capital of Ghanche District is Khaplu. This is the coldest place within Pakistan also called the "Third Pole" with temperatures reaching below  in the winter. Khaplu and Hushe valleys form the gateway for the great Baltoro Muztagh, the subrange of Karakoram that includes the mighty peaks of K2 (8,611 m), Broad Peak (8,047 m), Gasherbrums (8,000+ m) and Masherbrum (7,821 m) (all of which are included in the Skardu District).

## Tehsils
*Khaplu Tehsil
*Mashabrum Tehsil
Austen Chamberlain

**Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain,** KG (16 October 1863 – 17 March 1937) was a British politician.  He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925.  His father was another important politician, Joseph Chamberlain, and his half-brother (they had a different mother) was Neville Chamberlain, British Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940.

## Early life 
Austen was born in Birmingham on the 16 October 1863, but two days later his mother died.  His grandparents looked after him and his sister, Beatrice.  Austen went to Rugby school, a famous private school, and then studied at the University of Cambridge. He then studied in a political college in Paris and at a university in Berlin. He returned to Britain in 1888.

## Parliament 
In 1892, Chamberlain became a Member of Parliament for Worcestershire, as a member of his father's party, the Liberal Unionist Party.  The Liberal Unionists worked to keep Ireland as a part of the United Kingdom.  Chamberlain worked hard for his father, and in 1895 the prime minister gave him a job helping to run the Royal Navy.  Chamberlain became important very quickly. In 1903, the new prime minister, Balfour gave him the job of controlling the Post Office. Then in 1904 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, responsible for the economy.

In 1906, the government lost the general election, and Chamberlain lost his job in the government.  When his father became ill because of a stroke, he helped his father by fighting against Home Rule, the plan to make Ireland independent. In the First World War, Chamberlain got the job responsible for India, and after the war he became Chancellor of the Exchequer again.  Here he helped Britain to  from the war.  He was leader of the Conservative Party from 1921 to 1922.

## Foreign Secretary 
In 1924, the Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin gave Chamberlain the job of Foreign Secretary, working with important people from other countries. In 1925. At this time, France and Germany were arguing about war reparations, money paid by the Germans to the countries that won the First World War. Many people were worried that war might start again.  Chamberlain met with Gustav Stresemann, the German Foreign secretary. Together with Aristide Briand, they signed the Locarno Pact, an  never to use the military to solve problems again. For this, all three men won the Nobel Peace Prize, Chamberlain in 1925, Briand and Stresemann in 1926.

## Warnings about Hitler 
After the 1929 general election, Chamberlain lost his job as Foreign Secretary. He stayed in parliament, and often argued with the government about their foreign  (plans). From 1934 until his death in 1937, Chamberlain warned the government about the Nazi Germany, who were building a larger military. Together with Winston Churchill, he argued that Britain should build its military too.

Austen Chamberlain died on 17 March 1937, shortly before his half-brother, Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister.

## Books 
* David Dutton, *Austen Chamberlain – Gentleman in Politics*, Bolton: R. Anderson, 1985.

## Other websites 
* Nobel biography
Intoxication

**Intoxication** is the state of being affected by one or more psychoactive drugs. It can also refer to the effects caused by the ingestion of poison or by the overconsumption of normally harmless substances.

People who drink too much alcohol become *intoxicated.* They may become impaired in some or all of their senses like touch or even eyesight. Long term drinkers develop tolerance to alcohol. This high tolerance means it takes more alcohol to produce the outward signs of intoxication. Intoxication may bring delirium or make people do or say things that are not normal for them. The level of harm done usually depends on the substance and the amount. Mild intoxication usually is not permanently harmful. Mild stimulants like caffeine usually do not harm the person.

## Types
Some types of intoxication:
*Alcohol intoxication
*Caffeine intoxication
*Cannabis intoxication
*Heroin intoxication
*Water intoxication
Intoxication can cause a state of mind that remains once the person is no longer intoxicated that can be used as a legal defense:
*Settled insanity

## Symptoms
Often taking a mild depressant or stimulant does not have much effect on the person who took it. But more serious drugs, substances, or even medications can have a large effect on the person. Usually stimulants keep the person awake and energetic. Depressants work the opposite way; they decrease the heart rate of the person and relax them. Sedatives give the same effect. More of these substances can carry harm or even life-threatening effects, if ingested in large amounts. Using substances to become intoxicated long term (chronic use) can cause lasting side effects in addition to the substances causing damage to the body with their use. Mixing alcohol with prescription drugs often leads to increased or hastened impairment. Alcohol can produce hazardous side effects, reduce (lower) heart rate, and drop blood pressure to a dangerous level.  

## Related pages
* Toxin
* Inhalant
* Disability
## References
Marigold

**Marigold** could mean:

## Plants
* *Calendula officinalis* (marigold or pot marigold)
* *Tagetes* (Mexican marigold, African marigold or French marigold)
* *Glebionis segetum* (syn. *Chrysanthemum segetum*; corn marigold)
* tree marigold = *Tithonia diversifolia*
* Peruvian marigold = usually *Helianthus* ssp. or rarely *Tagetes tenuifolia*
* desert marigold = *Baileya multiradiata*
* marsh marigold; *Caltha palustris* in the Buttercup family Ranunculaceae

## literature and entertainment
*"Marigolds", a short story by Eugenia Collier
*"Marigold" (song) by the band Nirvana
**Marigold* (2007 film), a Hindi film
*A character in The Witcher
*A character in a Streetlight Manifesto song called "The Receiving End of It All".
*A myth describing what seems to be creation of the marigold is mentioned in the story of Clytie and Apollo, although the plant concerned is often considered to the heliotrope.

## Other
*Marigold, California
*In British English slang, a marigold is a rubber glove, especially a yellow or orange one used for washing dishes.
Bowdon, Georgia

**Bowdon** is a city in Carroll County, Georgia,  United States.  As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 2,161. Bowdon is known as "The Friendly City."

## References
Evening

, São Paulo, Brazil]]
**Evening** is period between dusk until midnight.

This is the period when people usually watch television, go to social events, return home after work and get ready for bed.
Arthur Davidson

**Arthur Davidson** (February 11, 1881–December 30, 1950) is one of the four co-founders of Harley-Davidson Motorcycles. He and his wife died in a car accident in 1950. Arthur, his two brothers Walter and William started the company in 1903 with William Harley. Arthur was mainly in charge of sales for the company.

When he was not working for the company, Davidson like to raise Guernsey cattle at his farm west of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was well known for giving money and other things such as land to organizations such as the Boy Scouts.

## References
Diamir District

The **Diamir District** is a first-order administrative division of the Pakistani-controlled territory known as the Northern Areas and is the district in which the Karakoram Highway enters that territory from Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The capital of the Diamir District is Chilas. In 2004, the Diamir District was reduced in size as a result of the creation of the new Astore District from Diamir's easternmost tehsil. (See map.)

The Diamir District is bounded by the Astore District in the east, Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the southwest (separated by the Babusar Pass or Babusar Top), Neelum District of Azad Kashmir in the south, the Ghizar District in the north and northwest, and the Gilgit District in the north and northeast.

Before the Karakoram Highway was opened in 1978, the only road reaching Gilgit town from the south was a rough track north from Balakot to Babusar Pass (via Kaghan, Naran, Besal, and Gittidas) and farther north through Babusar Gah to Chilas. The road up to Besal is now in better condition, but from Besal to Babusar Pass, the road is still a rough track.

## Tehsils
* Chilas Tehsil
* Darel Tehsil
* Tangir Tehsil
* Babu Sar Tehsil
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Justice for All

***Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Justice for All*** is an adventure game made by Capcom for the Nintendo DS handheld. It's about a lawyer who has to defend his clients for murder.
She

The word "**she**" is a third-person singular pronoun used to talk about a female. When the name of a woman has been the subject, then "she" takes the place of that name, in the text. While "she" is the subject form, the word "her" is the object or possessive form (*see table below*). The word "she" is used for a woman (or girl) where the word "he" would be used for a man, or "it" for a neutral pronoun.

In 1999, the American Dialect Society chose "she" as the word of the past millennium (1000-year period). The Society noted the word was not used before the year 1000; "she" was first seen in writings from the 12th century, where the word *"heo"* had been used to mean either the feminine or mixed plural as with "they".

This is usually used to referring to someone female, but that isn't always exactly the case.

 

## References
Polyester

or aryl group. R can also be a hydrogen atom]]

**Polyester** is a type of man-made material. It is a synthetic polymer. With an 18% market share of all plastic materials produced, it is third after polyethylene (33.5%) and polypropylene (19.5%).

## Uses 
Polyester can be made into thread, yarn or clothes. Woven into synthetic fabrics, they are often used to make clothes and home furnishings. These include shirts, trousers, pants, jackets, hats, bedding and upholstered furniture. Polyester fiber is used as cushioning and insulating material in pillows, comforters and upholstery padding. It can be used in curtains to insulate windows and keep heat indoors. Polyester is used to make insulating carpets.

Industrial polyester fibers, yarns and ropes are used in tires, fabrics for their use, and safety belts.

## Chemistry 
Polyester is a type of polymer that has the ester functional group in its main chain. There are many different polyesters. The term "polyester" as a specific material most often refers to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include chemicals found in nature, such as in plant cuticles. Synthetics made by step-growth polymerization such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate are also polyesters. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic ones are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not.

The most common polyesters are thermoplastics.

### Synthesis 
Most polyesters are made with a polycondensation reaction. See "condensation reactions in polymer chemistry".
The general equation for the reaction of a diol with a diacid is :
:(n+1) R(OH)2 + n R´(COOH)2 → HO[ROOCR´COO]nROH + 2n pH2O

An alcohol and a carboxylic acid react to form a carboxylic ester.
To assemble a polymer, the water formed by the reaction must be continually removed by azeotrope distillation.

## References
Kirby: Canvas Curse

***Kirby: Canvas Curse***, known in Japan as  and in PAL regions as ***Kirby: Power Paintbrush*** is a platform game made by HAL Laboratories and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console. It is about a character called Kirby who has to defeat a witch called Drawcia. The game is played using the touch screen only.

## Plot
Kirby has to go into a painting to defeat an evil witch called Drawcia. He turns into a ball when he goes in, and the player has to use a magical item called the Power Paintbrush to help Kirby beat Drawcia.

## Gameplay
The player uses the touch screen for everything. To move Kirby, the player has to touch him, making Kirby roll forward. The player can also draw lines with the stylus that Kirby can ride. Kirby will stick to them until they disappear, and these lines can be used to get Kirby higher or get Kirby across a pit. While *Kirby* games have Kirby eating enemies to get their powers, *Canvas Curse* does not do that. The player touches an enemy to stun it, and then has Kirby run into it. If it has a power, Kirby will gain it. To use the power, the player has to touch Kirby and he will use the power.
Parade

on parade.]]
A **parade** is a large or small group of people who all walk together, usually down a street or road. People who walk in parades are often dressed in costumes, and followed by marching bands, floats or large balloons.

## Reasons
They are often held on holidays or to  someone. Parades are held for many reasons, but are usually for celebrations of some kind. Days like St Patrick's Day are often celebrated with a parade.  

## Military parades
A military parade is one of the most common parades. It is when soldiers  in public. Usually they are followed by tanks and other military vehicles. Military parades are often held after a battle or war has been won. In China, National Day is now celebrated with large military parades in Beijing every 5th year after 1949. In the United Kingdom, the Queen's Official Birthday (now always on a Saturday) is marked by a military parade every year. In the United States, such military parades are less common but usually held on Veterans Day and Independence Day. 

## Famous parades
One of the most famous parades in the United States is the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade in New York City. Over 44 million people watch this parade on television each year.
Bengal cat

The **Bengal cat** is a hybrid (mixed) breed of house cat. They were bred to be even-tempered. This means they do not get angry easily like most house cats. Most Bengal cats weigh  and  in height. 

It was bred with a leopard cat and many other domesticated cats around 1990. From the leopard cat, it has a marbled and spotted coat like a leopard. The cats have also appeared twice and occasionally in the animated media, with one example being Dragon from The Secret of NIMH, who is often asserted to as a dark-gray, pattern-less Bengal.

## Other websites 
* The International Bengal Cat Society 
* Complete Bengal Cat History 
* Bengal Cat Facts
* Bengal Cat Guide
* Bengal Genetics
* Owning a Bengal Cat 

## References
Pokémon Red and Blue

and , released in Japan as ***Pokémon Red*** and , are two role-playing games. They were made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo, and are the first two video games in the Pokémon series. They were first released for the Game Boy in Japan in 1996. They were later released to the rest of the world in 1998 (North America) and 1999 (Europe and Australia). *Pokémon Yellow*, a special version, was released one year later in each region. These three games (*Pokémon Red*, *Blue*, and *Yellow*) and *Pokémon Stadium* make up the first generation of *Pokémon* video game series. *Pokémon Red* and *Blue* were later remade for the Game Boy Advance as *Pokémon FireRed* and *LeafGreen*, released in 2004.

## Setting and plot 
The games are set in the fantasy world of Kanto and follow the adventure of the main character, Red, in his quest to defeat all the 8 Gym Leaders and become the Champion. Both games have almost the same plot, but the player must trade among the two in order to have every Pokémon and complete the games' Pokédex. The Kanto Saga of the Pokémon anime is based on the games' plots.

## Gameplay 
*Pokémon Red* and *Blue* are turn-based role-playing games.

## Reception 
*Pokémon Red* and *Blue* got good reviews, and their releases started the beginning of what would become a multibillion-dollar company, both selling millions of copies around the world.

## References
Waveform

The **waveform** is the shape of a wave as it travels. There are many different waveforms. They are usually a shape which is repeated over and over (a "periodic waveform"). A common waveform is the sine wave. It is normally not possible to see a waveform without some device.

## Root mean square 
The amplitude of a waveform may change a lot. Even though it changes, the waveform has a **root mean square** (rms) value. For example: in the UK, the AC mains supply is a sine wave and has a voltage of 240 V. This is an rms voltage. The actual voltage varies:

:V_{\text{peak}} = \sqrt 2 \times V_{\text{rms}} = \sqrt 2 \times 240 = \pm 339.411255\dots V

The amplitude of the sine wave keeps changing from -339.4 V to +339.4 V.

Root mean square is important. It lets us work out many useful things, like power and heating in a wire.

This table has information about working out the rms for some waveforms.
Pokémon Gold and Silver

***Pokémon Gold*** and ***Silver*** are two role-playing video games made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Color handheld. They are the second games in the Pokémon series, and increased the number of Pokémon to 251. The Pokémon Ho-oh and Lugia, respectively, are featured in the boxart. A special version named *Pokémon Crystal*, which had the Pokémon Suicune on the cover, was released around a year later. Pokemon Gold and Silver are backward-compatible with the original Game Boy (except in Korea), but Pokemon Crystal requires a Game Boy Color or Game Boy Advance.

## Gameplay 
The games added many new things, such as breeding and a new bag system. There were also ninety nine new Pokémon added.

## Plot 
The games take place in a region named Johto. The player is a ten year old kid from New Bark Town, who is sent on a mission from Professor Elm. After completing the mission, the player gets to choose a starter Pokémon, and start a journey. During this journey, the player fights an villainous team, Team Rocket, who is coming back after being defeated by the player of *Pokémon Red* and *Blue* and many Gym Leaders so that he can earn Gym Badges. After defeating the Gym Leaders in the Johto region, the player has to travel to the Kanto region to defeat the Gym Leaders living there. After defeating a total of 16 Gym Leaders and 4 Elite Four members and the champion, Lance, Professor Oak, will ask the player to go to Mt. Silver, where the player has to defeat Red, the former champion of Kanto.

## Known issues 
The cartridges use a CR2025 lithium battery to keep track of the time and to power the sRAM save mechanism. As these games were released over 15 years ago, the original battery is usually depleted by now. It is possible to replace it, but it requires a special screwdriver bit to open the cartridge and soldering in a tabbed replacement battery. Replacing the battery will erase the game save on the cartridge, if any, unless special precautions (such as backing up and restoring the save file using special hardware, or wiring a temporary battery in parallel with the original while removing it) are taken.

## Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver 
 and  are remakes of *Pokémon Gold* and *Silver*, developed by Game Freak for the Nintendo DS. They were released on September 12, 2009 in Japan, and were released on March 14, 2010 in North America, March 25, 2010 in Australia and March 26, 2010 in Europe. There are many new features. Like *Pokémon Yellow*, the player's Pokémon can follow them. The games come with a pedometer-like device, called the Pokéwalker, that can let players walk with their Pokémon, and gain Watts, which can be used to battle Pokémon, or dowse for items. They also introduced an item named GB Sounds, which made the music sound like the one used in the original games.

## References
Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

'''*Pokémon Diamond* and *Pokémon Pearl*'* are two role-playing games (RPG) made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld. It is the fourth generation of *Pokémon* games in the series. In the game, the number of Pokémon is brought up to 493.

A third version to *Diamond and Pearl* called *Pokémon Platinum* was released in Japan in Autumn 2008, and released in the USA and UK on March 22, 2009.

Remakes of the games, titled *Pokémon Brilliant Diamond* and *Shining Pearl*, was released for the Nintendo Switch on November 19, 2021, followed by a spin-off game, Pokémon Legends: Arceus in January 2022.

## Gameplay
The gameplay of *Diamond* and *Pearl'' are much the same as previous Pokémon games. The player starts the game with one Pokémon, and catches more Pokémon using Poké Balls. The player can also use his/her Pokémon to battle other Pokémon. When the player spots a Pokémon or a trainer, the battle screen appears. During battle, the player may fight, use an item, switch Pokémon, or run away from battle (the last option is not available when facing trainers). All Pokémon have hit points (HP). If a Pokémon's HP is down to zero, it faints and cannot battle until the player revives it. If the player's Pokémon defeats the opponent's Pokémon, it gets experience points. After building up enough experience points, it will gain a new level. Most Pokémon evolve into a new form with a new name when they reach a certain level.

### Plot
The player gets sent by Professor Rowan to fill up the Pokédex, and to become the champion. The player can choose his or her character as per their gender, Dawn for Female players and Lucas for Male Players. The head of Team Galactic, Cyrus tries to destroy the world using Dialga or Palkia to create a new world that he will rule. In *Pokémon Platinum*, Giratina stops him as he is about to do it, and Cyrus then wants to capture it for its power instead. The games take place in the Sinnoh region.

## References
Super Mario Bros. 3

***Super Mario Bros. 3*** is a 1988 platform game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It was a big hit and sold 40 million copies, and it is often said by critics to be the best game on the NES. It preceded *Super Mario Bros. 2* (1988) and was followed by *Super Mario World* in 1990. It is one of the games in *Super Mario All-Stars*.

## Plot
Bowser has taken over the Mushroom Kingdom again. This time he and his seven children, called the Koopa Kids, have each taken over one of the worlds, so Princess Toadstool asks Mario and Luigi to help again.

## Gameplay
This game goes back to the original platform conventions of *Super Mario Bros.* Like that game, Mario jumps, runs, and hits enemies. However, he does not touch a flag or reach a castle. At the end of the level, he hits a spinning block, which will yield a flower, a mushroom, or a star block. When he gets three blocks, he will be rewarded. Three stars will result in five lives. If he gets a mix, he will get one extra life.

A new item is a box. The box enables Mario or Luigi to store items that they acquire. Before entering the level, Mario or Luigi can select the item and use it. One such item is the Starman. It will make them super strong and everything they touch will die, for a short time. Another item is the anchor. All seven bosses float around in large ships. If Mario tries to beat them and loses, the ship will move around the world. If Mario uses the anchor, however, the ship will stay still and not move.

## Enemies 
### Boomerang Bro
The Boomerang Bro is a *Hammer Bro* that throws boomerangs instead of hammers. The Boomerang Bro first appeared in this game. It had green skin and black shells. It is listed in IGN's ''Mario's Best Enemies''.
Host

**Host(s)** may refer to:

In **Christianity**:
* Heavenly host, an army of good angels in Heaven
* Host (Holy Communion), bread in the Eucharist

In **culture**:
* Presenter, a person who presents an event
* *Host* (album), a 1999 album by the band Paradise Lost
* *Hosts* (novel), a Repairman Jack novel by F. Paul Wilson
* Hosts (*World of Darkness*), antagonists from *Werewolf: The Forsaken* roleplaying game
* Rutan Host, a fictional extraterrestrial race from the British science fiction television series *Doctor Who*

In **science and engineering**:
* Host (network), when in reference to computer networking, an application instance that provides services to its clients (or client computers).
* Host (biology), an organism that harbors a parasite, mutual partner, or commensal partner
* Host (psychology), the most important mental entity in someone who has Dissociative Identity Disorder

In **other uses**:
* Host (restaurant), a Maître d'
* Host station, a railway station on Melbourne's suburban rail network
* Host, Vis, a small island near Vis, Croatia
Ghizar District

**Ghizar District** is northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Its capital is Gahkuch. Ghizer is also a contact point between Gilgit District and Chitral District (which are connected by Shandur Pass). Ghizer is a multi-ethnic district and three major languages are spoken: Khowar, Shina and Burushaski. There are also a few Wakhi speakers in Ishkoman.

## Tehsils
*Gupis Tehsil
*Yasin Tehsil
*Ishkomen Tehsil
*Puniyal Tehsil
Manchester Ship Canal

The **Manchester Ship Canal** is a wide,  long, river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894. At the time of its completion, it was the largest navigation canal in the world.

It consists of the rivers Irwell and Mersey made navigable for seagoing ships from the Mersey Estuary to Salford Docks in Greater Manchester. It transformed Manchester from a landlocked city into a major sea port.

## References
## Other websites 
*Virtual Tour
Manchester Airport

**Manchester Airport **  is an important airport in Manchester, England. It opened to passengers in June 1938. It was first called **Ringway Airport**. During World War II it officially became RAF Ringway, and from 1975 until 1986 the title **Manchester International Airport** was used. The airport is almost all within the city of Manchester boundaries&mdash;the exception being the second runway, which lies mostly in Cheshire **Manchester Airport** had the most passengers in the Uk outside of London with 22.1 million people in 2007.

Manchester Airport competes with other airports nearby such as Liverpool Airport and Leeds Bradford Airport.

## Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights to and from Manchester:

## References 
## Other websites 
* Manchester Airport - Official website
* Manchester Airport Consultative Committee
Sokoto

**Sokoto** is a city in the northwest of Nigeria, near to where the Sokoto River and Rima River meet. The people in Sokoto are mostly Muslims. Sokoto was the capital city of Gobir from the 10th century. Sokoto was made as a caliphate, an Islamic state, in the 19th century. 

From around 1900, the British took control of Sokoto, which then made up a large part of the north-west corner of Nigeria. Sokoto became a province (area) of the British colony of Nigeria. 
## References
Kanotix

**Kanotix**, also referred to as **KANOTIX**, is a Linux distribution Live CD (LiveDistro) based on Debian (until 2006 *unstable*, in 2007 KANOTIX moved to Debian Etch) with advanced hardware detection. It can run from an optical disc drive without using a hard disk.

Kanotix uses KDE as the default desktop environment. GNOME and other window managers can be downloaded using APT.

The name "Kanotix" is derived from the founder's nickname "Kano". Kanotix's mascot is a fangtooth.

## Content
Kanotix is based on Debian stable (currently "Etch"). It contains a lot of backports. 
Kanotix includes about 1,200 software packages:

* KDE, the default desktop environment, including the Konqueror, IceWM, Beryl (allows access to a 3D desktop environment)
* Amarok, Video Disk Recorder
* Beryl (window manager)
* Internet access software, including the KPPP dialer, ISDN utilities and WLAN-NdisWrapper
* Iceweasel-web browser,  IceDove Mail/News Client, Pidgin instant messenger
* K3b, for CD (and DVD) authoring and backup
* The GIMP, an image manipulation program
* Gparted and other tools for data rescue and system repair
* Network analysis and administration tools
* LibreOffice, an office suite
* Programming and development tools
* NTFS-3G used by default

### Installation
Kanotix can be installed to the hard disk using the (graphical) acritoxinstaller , which, depending on optical drive, hard disk and processor speed, can take around 10 – 20 minutes.

## Versions
### History
In 2003 Jörg Schirottke was known with the nickname "Kano" in the former Knoppix-Forum (no more available). The distribution derived from ''Scriptpage for Knoppix" ''. He wrote about Knoppix: "I like it much, but I had to improve it :)". So he did. One of the main differences from Knoppix was the support of hard disk installation.
The first "Kanotix"-preview was released at 24 December 2003 "KANOTIX XMAS 2003 PREVIEW".
In 2004 and 2005 KANOTIX was a popular distribution ranking in the "top 20" of "distrowatch.com". In 2004 the releases were named "Bug Hunter" (Bug Hunter-01-2004 - X-2004). After problems with the stability in 2006 Jörg "Kano" Schirottke decided to move from Debian Sid to a less volatile basis.
In October 2006 the main Kanotix co-developer (and most of Kanotix's other developers) left the project, to start sidux, another distribution based on Debian sid. The last Kanotix release based on Debian Sid was 2006-01-RC4.

### Current Releases
## Other websites
* Official site
* acritoxinstaller
Niger Delta

The **Niger Delta** is the delta of the Niger River. It is an area where many people live in Nigeria. 

Nigeria has become Africa's biggest producer of petroleum, and there are many oil wells in the Niger Delta.  The natural gas from the oil wells is all burnt, causing environmental problems.

Because of the money from petroleum production, there have been many political problems in recent times.  For example, many oil workers have been taken as hostages.

## Other websites
*
Batting (baseball)

In baseball, **batting** is the act of going against the other team's pitcher and trying to hit the baseball ball. A **batter** or **hitter** is the player who swings his bat to try to hit the ball. In Major League Baseball, pitchers usually do not bat unless they are playing in the National League where batters have to bat even if they are pitchers. In the American League, pitchers do not bat, and only pitch.

Batting the primary method by which Baseball teams play offense and score runs. A Batter bats by standing in the Batter's Box at Home Plate and either swinging or not swinging at the pitches the Pitcher throws. This activity collectively is known as an At Bat. The goal of the batter is get to get a hit, while the pitcher wants to get an out.

## Other websites 
* Official Rules of Major League Baseball "The Batter"
Club (weapon)

, 15th century]]

A **club** (also known as **cudgel**, **baton**, **truncheon**, **night stick**, and **bludgeon**) is a weapon mainly used to hit someone or something.  A club is a short staff, or stick, usually made of wood, and used as a weapon.  

A club can be used in one or two hands, but it is usually used in one hand.  A quarterstaff is a clubs that needs both hands to be used.  Many kinds of clubs are used in martial arts and other fields, including the law enforcement baton.

The wounds caused by a club are known as *bludgeoning* or *blunt-force trauma* injuries. In the United States, clubs are not as popular as the Taser.
Parental advisory

**Parental Advisory** is a sticker that tells parents that something may not be suitable for children. The sticker is usually placed on Music CDs. It tells parents that the texts of the songs contain words or phrases that some consider bad for children. Parental Advisory stickers will usually appear on Hip Hop and Rap albums. Comic books may also have a Parental Advisory sticker on them.

## References
My Happy Ending

"**My Happy Ending**" is a song written and produced by Avril Lavigne and Butch Walker for Lavigne's second album, *Under My Skin* (2004).

## Track listing 
**Japan CD**
(BVCP-29613; Released July 07, 2004)
# "My Happy Ending" (radio version)
# "My Happy Ending" (album version)
# "Don't Tell Me" (live acoustic version)

;UK CD single 1 / French single
# "My Happy Ending" (album version)
# "Take It" (previously unreleased)

;UK CD single 2
# "My Happy Ending"
# "My Happy Ending" (live acoustic version)
# "Take Me Away" (live acoustic version)
# "My Happy Ending" (music video)

;Germany, Italy and Taiwan CD single
# "My Happy Ending" (album version)
# "My Happy Ending" (live acoustic version)
# "Take Me Away" (live acoustic version)
# "Take It" (previously unreleased)
# "My Happy Ending" (music video)

;Australia CD single
# "My Happy Ending" (clean version)
# "My Happy Ending" (live acoustic version)
# "Take Me Away" (live acoustic version)
# "Take It" (previously unreleased)

;US CD promo
# "My Happy Ending" (radio version) - 4:02
# "My Happy Ending" (album version) - 4:02
# "My Happy Ending" (Callout Hook) - 0:10

;UK CD promo
# "My Happy Ending" (album version) [explicit]
# "My Happy Ending" (radio edit)[clean]

## Charts 
## Release history 
## References
University of Manchester

The **University of Manchester** is a public university in Manchester, England. From 2007 to 2008, it had over 40,000 students studying 500 academic programmes, and more than 10,000 staff and an annual income of £637 million. It is the largest single-campus University in the United Kingdom. The university was formed in 2004 by joining together the Victoria University of Manchester (founded 1851) and UMIST (founded 1824) and since then some of the buildings have been demolished and new ones built instead.

The former UMIST buildings are in the Sackville Street Campus and those of the former University of Manchester in the Oxford Road Campus. There is a residential campus further south in the suburb of Fallowfield. The earliest buildings of the university date from 1872 (west of Oxford Road) and they were occupied by Owens College in 1873. Since the 1950s the facilities for science and technology have occupied an area east of Oxford Road and the medical school was relocated there in the early 1970s.

## Faculties
*Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health  
**School of Medical Sciences
**School of Biological Sciences
**School of Health Sciences
*Faculty of Science and Engineering
**School of Engineering
**School of Natural Sciences
*Faculty of Humanities
**School of Arts, Languages and Cultures
**School of Environment, Education and Development
**School of Social Sciences
**Alliance Manchester Business School

## Institutions 
* Jodrell Bank Observatory
* Whitworth Art Gallery
* Manchester Museum, established in 1867, the museum is sited on Oxford Road among the Gothic Revival buildings of the university. It holds about six million items which come from all the continents and serves both as a resource for academic research and teaching and as a regional public museum.
* Manchester University Press
* Contact Theatre

### Library
The John Rylands University Library is the library and information service for the university. It was formed in July 1972 from the merger of the library of the Victoria University of Manchester with the John Rylands Library. On 1 October 2004 it joined the library of the University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology (UMIST) on the merger of the two universities.

The main library is on the Oxford Road Campus of the University and the special collections are in the John Rylands Library, Deansgate, in the city centre. The Library is a National Research Library (an award of the Higher Education Funding Council for England): the only one in the north of England.

## Notes 
## Other websites 
* http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ - Official page of the University of Manchester
Telstra

**Telstra** is the national telecommunications service in Australia. Is was a member of the S&P/ASX 20 and Australia's largest telecommunications company by market shares. Telstra is the largest wireless carrier in Australia, with 18.8 million subscribers as of 2020 according to Telstra Spokes woman Sally Steer. Telstra has a long history in Australia, originating together with Australia Post as the Postmaster-General's Department upon federation in 1901. Telstra has changed from a state-owned enterprise to a fully privatized company and has recently focused on diversified products and emerging technologies, according to technologists James Gilpin and Gerard Devan regarding the strategic direction of the giant Telco.

## References
Itzhak Perlman

**Itzhak Perlman** (born August 31, 1945) is an Israeli-American violinist.

## Early life 
Perlman was born in Tel Aviv which, three years later, became part of the state of Israel.  When he was small he listened to the violin on the radio and decided he wanted to play it. He studied at the Academy of Music in Tel Aviv.  Then he moved to the United States to study at the Juilliard School with Ivan Galamian and Dorothy DeLay. He made his first public performance at Carnegie Hall in 1963. In 1964 he won the Leventritt Competition. Soon afterward he began to tour widely. He also appeared on American television in shows including *Sesame Street*.  He was invited to play at the White House. 

Perlman had been ill with polio at the age of four. He got better, and managed to learn to walk again with the use of crutches. Today, he still walks with crutches and plays the violin sitting down.

## Career 
In 1987, he joined the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra for their concerts in Warsaw and Budapest, as well as other Eastern bloc countries. He toured with the IPO in the spring of 1990 for their first-ever performance in the USSR, with concerts in Moscow and Leningrad, and toured with the IPO again in 1994, performing in China and India.

Perlman usually plays solos, but he also plays chamber music with other musicians, including Yo-Yo Ma, Jessye Norman and, especially, with Pinchas Zukerman.

Perlman usually plays classical music but sometimes he plays jazz.  He made an album made with jazz pianist Oscar Peterson, and klezmer. Perlman has been a soloist for a number of movie scores, including the score of the 1993 film ''Schindler's List* by John Williams.

Perlman plays on a special Stradivarius violin called the *Soil Stradivarius'', made in 1714. He also plays on a Guarneri del Gesu made about 1743. 

In recent years, Perlman has also begun to conduct, taking the post of principal guest conductor at the Detroit Symphony Orchestra.

Perlman has made many recordings and received many great honours.

Perlman performed at Barack Obama's presidential inauguration. He joined cellist Yo-Yo Ma, pianist Gabriela Montero and clarinetist Anthony McGill.  Together they played "Air and Simple Gifts", a new arrangement by John Williams based on the Shaker hymn "'Tis A Gift To Be Simple." 

## Personal life 
Itzhak Perlman lives in New York City with his wife.  They have five children.

## References
Maxim Vengerov

**Maxim Vengerov** (born 1974) is a famous Russian violinist/conductor.

## Life 
### Career 
Universally hailed as one of the world’s finest musicians, and often referred to as the greatest living string player in the world today, Grammy award winner, Maxim Vengerov also enjoys international acclaim as a conductor and is one of the most in-demand soloists. 

Born in 1974, he began his career as a solo violinist at the age of five, won the Wieniawski and Carl Flesch international competitions at ages 10 and 15 respectively, studied with Galina Tourchaninova and Zakhar Bron, made his first recording at the age of 10, and went on to record extensively for high-profile labels including Melodia, Teldec and EMI, earning among others, Grammy and *Gramophone* artist of the year awards. 

In 2007 he followed in the footsteps of his mentor, the late Mstislav Rostropovich, and turned his attention to conducting and in 2010 was appointed the first chief conductor of the Gstaad Festival Orchestra. June 2014 saw Mr Vengerov graduate with a Diploma of Excellence* *from the Moscow Institute of Ippolitov-Ivanov with professor Yuri Simonov and he has since enrolled in a further 2-year program of opera conducting. 

In the 2016/17 season Mr Vengerov returned to Australia to open the season of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and conducted the season finale of the Queensland Symphony Orchestra, with whom he is Artist in Residence this year. Further guest conducting engagements included the RTE Orchestra Dublin, Munich Philharmonic and Melbourne Symphony Orchestras. 

The coming 17/18 season will see Mr Vengerov return to Carnegie Hall with the Montreal Symphony Orchestra and premiere a new concerto at the Beijing Music Festival written for him by the renowned composer Qigang Chen before conducting Eugene Onegin in Brisbane and Moscow. He will also tour Europe, China and the US in recital.  

As one of Mr Vengerov’s greatest passions is the teaching and encouraging of young talent, he has held various teaching positions around the world and is currently Ambassador and visiting Professor of the International Menuhin Music Academy in Switzerland (IMMA) and as of September 2016, the Polonsky Visiting Professor of Violin at the Royal College of Music in London. 

In 1997 Mr Vengerov became the first classical musician to be appointed International Goodwill Ambassador by UNICEF. 

He plays the ex-Kreutzer Stradivari (1727).

## References 
## Other websites 
* Maxim Vengerov official site 
* Maxim Vengerov fan site
Number (sports)

In team sports, the **number**, often referred to as the **uniform number**, **squad number**, **jersey number**, **shirt number**, **sweater number**, is the number worn on a player's uniform. It distinguishes each player from others wearing the same uniform. This is so that officials, scorers and spectators have something to identify each player. The number is usually shown on the back of the jersey. The player's surname is often written above or below the number. Sometimes the number also displayed on the front or sleeves, or on the player's shorts or headgear.

## Related pages
*Uniform number (Major League Baseball)
*Uniform number (American football)