open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Norway at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Norway** sent people  to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. People are competing in para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, para-snowboarding, sledge hockey and wheelchair curling.

## Team 
The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Norway") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.

Owe Lüthcke is a sledge hockey referee.  The Norwegian went to  Pyeongchang to referee matches.  He was part of the official Norwegian delegation.

## History 
At the 2014 Winter Paralympics, there were 31 people from Norway competing. There were 25 men and 6 women.  They won 1 gold medal, 2 silver medals and 1 bronze medal.

## Goals 
For the 2018 Winter Paralympics, Nord-Trøndelag County Council has some goals.  These included getting more people to compete in disability sports. They also wanted to increase the level of accessibility to sports buildings and sports field in Nord-Trøndelag County and the rest of Norway.

## Doping 
In December 2017, Norway said it would not send any anti-doping officials to the Winter Olympics or Paralympics.  They are tired of needing to use unpaid volunteers.  They think anti-doping officials need to be paid. Anti-doping Norway chief executive Anders Solheim said, "If you sell TV rights for this arrangement for billions of dollars, then we think it's wrong that we pay for Norwegian doping controllers to help with the controls. An inspector should receive a reasonable salary and his trip paid for the three weeks he or she will be there. By not paying doping controllers, the organisers are *de facto* relying on volunteers. Anti-doping work should not be a voluntary profession for those who want to. It is downplaying the priority of our work, and we are tired of it."

### Schedule and results 
On 12 March, the 15&nbsp;km race takes place, with standing and vision impaired women starting at 10:00 PM.  Thee sprint classic qualification takes place on 14 March from 10:00 AM – 11:25 AM for both men and women in all classes. It is followed in the afternoon by the semifinals and finals.  The classic race takes place on 17 March. The standing and visually impaired women's race takes place from 10:00 AM - 12:30.

## Sledge hockey 
### History 
Norway finished in the first four at the 2017 Sledge Hockey World Championships.  This was why they could compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.  Norway played in a tournament in January in Japan.  They lost to the Paralympic Games host nation South Korea 0 - 5 in the gold medal game.

### Schedule and results 
Canada, Norway, Italy and Sweden were in Group A for the sledge hockey competition. They play against Italy on 10 March. They play against Canada on 12 March.
; Preliminary round

;

## Wheelchair curling 
Wheelchair curling competition starts on 10 March. That day, Norway plays Great Britain. They play against Sweden on 13 March.

## References
Canada at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Canada** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea.  They are competing in para-Nordic skiing, sledge hockey and wheelchair curling. 10 men and 4 women are participating in para-Nordic skiing.  The team has 10 skiers, and 2 guide skiers. Canada, Norway, Italy and Sweden are in Group A for the sledge hockey competition.

## Team 
The country has the second largest team among all nations.  It has 55 people.  The team also includes 16 coaches and 26 support staff.

## Medalists 
| width="78%" align="left" valign="top" |

| width="22%" align="left" valign="top" |

## Para-alpine skiing 
### Schedule and training 
Skiers had training runs for the downhill race on 7 March.  Their practice runs in the downhill on 8 and 9 March were cancelled.

The first event on the para-alpine program was the downhill. It started on 10 March, running from 9:30&nbsp;AM to 1:30&nbsp;PM. The second event on the program was Super-G. All skiers will raced between 9:30&nbsp;AM and 1:00&nbsp;PM on 11 March.  The super combined takes place on 13 March. The Super-G part of the event is in the morning. The slalom part is in the afternoon. The slalom event gets underway on 14 March and conclude on 15 March. Women and men both race during the same sessions in the morning. The afternoon sessions start with the women doing their second run. Then the men go.The last para-alpine skiing race of the 2018 Games is the giant slalom. It takes place on 17 - 18 March.  Men and women both race at the same time in the morning sessions.  Women race first in the afternoon sessions, with the men racing a half hour after they end.

### Results 
Marie Bochet from France won gold in the women's downhill standing.  Andrea Rothfuss from Germany won silver.  Mollie Jepsen from Canada won bronze. In the men's Super-G sitting race, Kurt Oatway of Canada won gold, Andrew Kurka of the United States won silver, and Frederic Francois of France won bronze.  She started going to ski races a year before the 2018 Winter Games. In the men's 7.5&nbsp;km standing race,  Benjamin Daviet of France won gold, Mark Arendz won silver and Ihor Reptyukh of Ukraine won bronze.

### Results 
; Men

; Women

## Sledge hockey 
### History 
Canada finished in the first four at the 2017 Sledge Hockey World Championships.  This was why they could compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.   Canada played in the 2017 World Sledge Hockey Challenge in December in Charlottetown, Canada. In comparison, Canada had won three consecutive gold medals at the World Championships, with their most recent gold at the 2017 World Championships A-Pool.  Canada plays against Sweden on 10 March. They play against Italy on 11 March. They play against  Norway on 12 March.

; Preliminary round

;

## Wheelchair curling 
Wheelchair curling starts on 10 March.  Canada plays against Sweden on 11 March.
; Summary

## References
Richard Basehart

**Richard Basehart** was an American actor. He played Admiral Harriman Nelson in the television series *Voyage To The Bottom Of The Sea*. He played Ishmael in the 1956 movie *Moby Dick*.

On September 17, 1984 Richard Basehart died from a stroke. He was 70 year old.
Lee Tamahori

**Warren Lee Tamahori** (17 June 1950 &ndash; 7 November 2025) was a New Zealand movie director best known for directing the 1994 movie *Once Were Warriors*, the 2001 movie *Along Came a Spider* and the 2002 James Bond movie *Die Another Day*.

Following a battle with Parkinson's disease, Tamahori died at home in Auckland, New Zealand on 7 November 2025, at the age of 75.

## References
Voyage To The Bottom Of The Sea

**Voyage To The Bottom Of The Sea** is an American science fiction television series, which run from 1964 to 1968, starring Richard Basehart as Admiral Harriman Nelson, and David Hedison as captain Lee Crane. It was on American Broadcasting Company. It was created, produced and directed by Irwin Allen. Its final episode "No Way Back" was aired on March 31, 1968.

## Other websites
*
Har Shaakh Pe Ullu Baithaa Hai

***Har Shaakh Pe Ullu Baithaa Hai*** is an Indian political television series that premiered on 26 February 2018 and  airs on Star Plus. The Show stars Rajiv Nigam, Shradha Sharma and Samta Sagar in lead roles. The show is being produced by Garima Productions.

## Cast
*Rajiv Nigam as Chaitu Lal
*Samta Sagar as Imli Devi (Chaitu Lal's Wife) 
*Shradha Sharma as Gainda Devi
*Monica Shukla as Nagina Devi
*Kashish Khan as Haseena Devi
*Melissa Pais as Malai
*Poornima Verma as Rajneeti
*Alika Nair as Party
*Sonam Shekhawat as Ghotali
*Riya Rawal as Sarkar
*Naitik chudasama as Bahumat
*Gyaneshwar Jha as Jha
*Monica Rahlan as Monica

## References
http://www.tellydhamaal.com/har-shakh-par-ullu-baitha-hai-on-star-plus-cast-wiki-images-hd-pics-promo-timings/
Xbox One X

The **Xbox One X**, code named Project Scorpio, is the fifth video game console made by Microsoft, succeeding both the Xbox One and Xbox One S. It was announced at E3 on June 11th 2017. It was released on November 7th 2017. The Xbox One X was made with hardware for 4k resolution screens. This video game console has 6 teraflops of graphical processing power, which in 2017 made it the most powerful console to date. The Xbox One X internal components also included 12 gigabytes of GDDR5 RAM, with 9 being available to games and the other 3 for multitasking. 12 gigabytes of GDDR5 RAM allow for data transfer speeds of up to 326GB/second. The Xbox One X works with all Xbox One software and accessories and has the same 2 USB 3.0 ports on the back and 1 USB 3.0 port on the front, now moved to the right side.

## References
## Other websites
*
Avinesh Rekhi

***Avinesh Rekhi*** (born 5 October 1985) is an Indian television actor. He made his debut in the 2008 Bollywood movie Ru Ba Ru and his TV debut by playing the main lead in Chhal — Sheh Aur Maat by Kabir Jaiswal. He then played a positive role in Sony India serial Main Naa Bhoolungi as Neeraj and a negative role in Colors serial Madhubala - Ek Ishq Ek Junoon with his character name Sultan. He has also worked in a few TV commercials. Currently he is playing the role of Uma Shankar (Male Lead) in Star Plus's show Tu Sooraj, Main Saanjh Piyaji.

## Television
*Chhal-Sheh Aur Maat as Kabir Jaiswal
*Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon as Sultan Mohan Kundra
*Main Naa Bhoolungi as Neeraj Sachdeva
*Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap as Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar
*Darr Sabko Lagta Hai as Aakash (episode 22)
*Tu Sooraj Main, Saanjh Piyaji as Uma Shankar (Lead Role)
Joseph Bonnel

**Joseph Bonnel** (4 January 1939 – 13 February 2018) was a French football midfielder. He was born in Florensac, France.

Bonnel was part of France in the FIFA World Cup 1966. He scored 3 goals during the 1966 season.

Bonnel died on 13 February 2018 at the age of 79.

## References
Newton Morton

**Newton Ennis Morton** (21 December 1929 &ndash; 7 February 2018) was an American population geneticist. He was born in Camden, New Jersey. He was one of the founders of the field of genetic epidemiology.

Morton died on 7 February 2018 in Southampton, England at the age of 88.

## References
Ben Agajanian

**Benjamin James "The Toeless Wonder" Agajanian** (August 28, 1919 – February 8, 2018) was a former American football player. He was born in Santa Ana, California. He was a placekicker in the National Football League, and also in the All-America Football Conference and American Football League. 

Agajanian played for the Philadelphia Eagles, Pittsburgh Steelers, Los Angeles Dons/Rams, New York Giants, Green Bay Packers, Oakland Raiders and the San Diego Chargers.

Agajanian died in Cathedral City, California on February 8, 2018 of cardiopulmonary arrest at age 98.

## References
## Otehr websites
* Ben Agajanian, the oldest living Los Angeles Ram at 96, gets a real kick out of their return to L.A.
Grant McBride

**Grant Anthony McBride** (29 December 1949 – 12 February 2018) was an Australian politician. He was born in Sydney. McBride was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing the electorate of The Entrance on the New South Wales Central Coast for the Australian Labor Party from 1992 to 2011.

In May 2007, McBride was appointed Assistant Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. On 8 November 2010, McBride announced that he would not run in the 2011 state election. 

McBride died in Sydney of Alzheimer's disease on 12 February 2018 at the age of 68.

## References
Josefina Samper

**Josefina Samper Rojas** (8 May 1927 – 13 February 2018) was a Spanish syndicalist and feminist. She was a member of the Communist Party of Spain and wife of Marcelino Camacho. She was born in Fondón, Spain. She also organized the children of the neighborhood to warn using cans as a drum every time the police arrived in search of the hidden Republicans.

On November 25, 1975, King Juan Carlos I granted a pardon to the prisoners who had been imprisoned by the 1001 Process, including Marcelino Camacho.

Camacho died in 2010, afterwards she maintained a great activity as a transmitter of the memory and voice of her husband, offering frequent talks throughout Spain, helping to inspire the struggle for workers' rights to the new generations.

Samper died on 13 February 2018 at the age of 90.

## References
1844 United States presidential election

The **1844 United States presidential election** was the 15th election in the history of the United States. It occurred from November 1 to December 1, 1844. This election was between the Democratic nominee, Governor and former Speaker of the House James K. Polk of Tennessee and the Whig nominee, Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky. Polk won the election with 170 electoral votes. Clay got only 105 electoral votes.

This would be the last election to not occur on a single day

## Nominees 
### Democratic Party 
#### Presidential 
* James K. Polk, 9th Governor of Tennessee (1839-1841) and 13th Speaker of the House (1835-1839) *(Nominee)*
* Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the United States (1837-1841)
* Lewis Cass, 15th United States Minister to France (1836-1842) *(1848 Nominee)* 
* Richard M. Johnson, 9th Vice President of the United States (1837-1841)
* James Buchanan, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania *(1856 Nominee) (Later became POTUS in 1857)*
* John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President of the United States (1825-1832) and 16th Secretary of State (1844-1845)
* Levi Woodbury, 13th Secretary of the Treasury (1834-1841)
* Charles Stewart, Rear Admiral of the U.S. Navy (1798-1861)
* Marcus Morton, 16th & 18th Governor of Massachusetts (1825, 1840-1841, 1843-1844)

#### Vice Presidential 
* George M. Dallas, United States Minister to Russia from Pennsylvania (1837-1839) *(Vice presidential nominee)*
* Silas Wright, U.S. senator from New York (1833-1844) *(Vice presidential nominee, declined)*
* John Fairfield, U.S. senator from Maine (1843-1847)
* Levi Woodbury, 13th Secretary of the Treasury (1834-1841)
* Lewis Cass, 15th United States Minister to France (1836-1842) *(1848 Presidential Nominee)*
* Richard M. Johnson, 9th Vice President of the United States (1837-1841)
* Charles Stewart, Rear Admiral of the U.S. Navy (1798-1861)
* William L. Marcy, 11th Governor of New York (1833-1838) 

### Whig Party 
#### Presidential 
* Henry Clay, former U.S. senator from Kentucky (1806-1807, 1810-1811, 1831-1842) and 7th Speaker of the House (1811–1814, 1815–1820, 1823–1825) *(Nominee) (1832 National Republican Nominee) (1824 Democratic-Republican Nominee)*

#### Vice Presidential 
* Theodore Frelinghuysen, 2nd Chancellor of New York University (1839-1850), 2nd Mayor of Newark (1838-1839), and former U.S. senator from New Jersey (1829-1835) *(Vice presidential nominee)*
* John Davis, 14th & 17th Governor of Massachusetts (1834-1835, 1841-1843) and former U.S. senator from Massachusetts (1835-1841)
* Millard Fillmore, former Congressman from New York *(1**833-1835, 1837-1843) (1848 Vice Presidential Nominee) (Later became POTUS in 1850)*
* John Sargeant, U.S. representative from Pennsylvania (1821-1829, 1831-1835, 1843-1849) *(*''Clay's running mate in 1832 under the National Republican ticket)''
* John M. Clayton, former U.S. senator from Delaware (1829-1836)
* John McLean, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from Ohio (1841–1861)
* George Evans, U.S. senator from Maine (1841-1849)

## Notes 
## References
Anne Treisman

**Anne Marie Treisman** (27 February 1935 – 9 February 2018) was an English-born American psychologist. She was born in Wakefield, Yorkshire. She worked at Princeton University's Department of Psychology. She researched visual attention, object perception, and memory. 

Treisman was known for creating the feature integration theory of attention, first published with G. Gelade in 1980. She taught at the University of Oxford, University of British Columbia, University of California, Berkeley and Princeton. 

In 2013, Treisman received the National Medal of Science from President Barack Obama. 

Treisman died on 9 February 2018 in New York City at the age of 82.

## References
Michael Mullen

**Michael Glenn** "**Mike**" **Mullen**, AO, MSC (born October 4, 1946) is a former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Of Staff. He also served in the United States Navy. He fought in the Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf War.

## Personal life
Mullen is married to Deborah. They have two sons, John “JMuls” Mullen and Michael Edward Mullen. Both of them are Navy officers.

## References
Imam Muslim

The full name of **Imam Muslim** is **Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj** (815 – 875). He is a Persian, Islamic, hadith scholar. His hadith collection, known as Sahih Muslim, is one of the six major hadith collections (Kutub al-Sittah) in Sunni Islam.

## References
Josiah Henson

**Josiah Henson** (June 15, 1789 – May 5, 1883) was an author, abolitionist, and minister. Born into slavery, he escaped to Upper Canada and founded a settlement and laborer's school for other fugitive slaves at Dawn.

## Other websites
Lawrence Hill

**Lawrence Hill** (born January 24, 1957) is a Canadian novelist, essayist and memoirist. He is best known for his 2013 Massey Lectures *Blood: The Stuff of Life*, his 2007 novel *The Book of Negroes* and his 2001 memoir *Black Berry, Sweet Juice: On Being Black and White in Canada*. Hill was born in Newmarket, Ontario.

Hill served as chair of the jury for the 2016 Scotiabank Giller Prize.

## References
Wayback Machine

**Wayback Machine** is a website that allows users to save URLs of websites into it and view different versions of those websites and how they looked like in the past. It is a time machine of the internet.

## History
The Internet Archive owners Brewster Kahle and  Bruce Gilliat created the wayback machine in May 1996 and started it in October 2001.

## Other websites
* 

## References
Ishq Subhan Allah

**Ishq Subhan Allah** is an Indian soap opera television series that ran on 14 March 2018 to 2 October 2020. It is broadcast Monday through Friday at 10:00 P.M. And airs on Zee TV. Danish Javed developed and wrote the series, which is produced by Creative Eyes Limited and broadcasts on Zee TV. The series stars Eisha Singh and Adnan Khan in lead roles.

## Cast
* Eisha Singh as Zara Kabeer Ahmed/Main Female Lead
* Adnan Khan as Kabeer Ahmed/Main male Lead
### Recurring
* Shipsy Rana as Rukhsar, Zeenat's sister
* Vinay Jain as Shahbaz Ali Ahmad, Kabeer's father
* Gunn Kansara as Aisha Shahbaz Ahmad, Kabeer's mother
* Monica Khanna as Zeenat Kashaan Ahmed, Kabeer’s sister-in-law
* Suneel Pushkarna as Qazi Irfan Siddiqui, Zara's father
* Shalini Arora as Salma Irfan Siddiqui, Zara’s mother
* Dhiraj Rai as Kashaan Shahbaz Ahmad, Kabeer's brother
* Aashutosh Semwal as Imran, Kabeer’s best friend
* Rutpanna Aishwarya as Reema, Zara’s best friend
* Piyush Sahdev as Siraj Ahmed, underworld Don of Kashmir
*Gautam Vig as Miraj, brother of Underworld Don Siraj Ahmed

## References
Luyana language

**Luyana**, also called **Luyi**, is a Bantu language of the Niger-Congo language family. It is spoken mostly in Zambia.

The language is taught in primary schools and secondary schools.

The language uses the Latin alphabet. It was made in 2011.

## References
Union Carbide

**Union Carbide Corporation** is a wholly owned subsidiary (since 2001) of Dow Chemical Company. It currently employs more than 2,400 people. Union Carbide produces chemicals and polymers that undergo one or more further conversions by customers before reaching consumers. Some are high-volume commodities and others are specialty products meeting the needs of smaller markets. Markets served include paints and coatings, packaging, wire and cable, household products, personal care, pharmaceuticals, automotive, textiles, agriculture, and oil and gas. The company is a former component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Union Carbide was 50.9% stakeholder in Union Carbide India Limited, the company responsible for the Bhopal disaster.

Founded in 1917 as the **Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation,** from a merger with National Carbon Company, the company's researchers developed an economical way to make ethylene from natural gas liquids, such as ethane and propane, giving birth to the modern petrochemical industry. Before divesting them, the chemical giant owned consumer products Eveready and Energizer batteries, Glad bags and wraps, Simoniz car wax, and Prestone antifreeze. The company divested other businesses before being acquired by Dow Chemical on February 6, 2001, including electronic chemicals, polyurethane intermediates, industrial gases and carbon products.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official **Union Carbide** website
* CSIR Bhopal Disaster Report (1985)
Lozi people

ceremony of the Lozi people]]

The **Lozi people** are a group of people mainly from western Zambia. They speak the Silozi language.

## References
Cyril Ramaphosa

**Matamela Cyril Cupcake Ramaphosa** (born 17 November 1952) is a South African politician. He is the 5th and current President of South Africa since the resignation of Jacob Zuma on 14 February 2018.

Ramaphosa was an anti-apartheid activist, trade union leader and businessman. Ramaphosa served as Deputy President of South Africa under Zuma from 2014 to 2018.  He was elected as President of the African National Congress (ANC) at the ANC National Conference in Nasrec, South of Johannesburg in December 2017.

On February 10, 2020, Ramaphosa became Chairperson of the African Union. He was succeeded by Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi on February 6, 2021.

## References
Stamp Act 1765

The *Stamp Act 1765* was made by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1765, which affected things like paper and prints or any legal document, and needed to be paid in British currency, also to show that they paid, every paper needed a revenue stamp, similar to a postage stamp. The purpose of the tax was to pay for troops in North America after the British victory in the Seven Years' War and the French and Indian War.

## Other websites
* 
* Text of the 1765 Stamp Act 
* Resolves of the Pennsylvania Assembly on the Stamp Act, 21 September 1765
* 1766 Text of the Repeal of the Stamp Act 
* Images of the type of stamps referred to in the Act.
* Profiles of the "12 Immortal Justices" of Maryland who ruled the Stamp Act invalid and void on 23 November 1765.
Débora Pérez Volpin

**Débora Pérez Volpin** (30 December 1967 – 6 February 2018) was an Argentine politician, journalist and television host. She was born in Buenos Aires. She was known as the presenter of the news Todo Noticias from 1996 until 2017 and the program * Arriba argentinos * from 2005 to 2017.

In 2017 she entered politics and was elected legislator of the City of Buenos Aires on the front Evolution of Martín Lousteau.

Pérez Volpin died of cardiopulmonary arrest in Buenos Aires on 6 February 2018 at the age of 50.

## References
Martin van der Borgh

**Martin van der Borgh** (28 October 1934 – 12 February 2018) was a Dutch cyclist. Van der Borgh was born in Koningsbosch, Netherlands. Van der Borgh was active between 1954 and 1964. He won the Ronde van Limburg (1954), Tour du Nord (1961) and individual stages of the Tour de France (1960) and Tour de Luxembourg (1958, 1963). He also won the bronze medal in the road race at the 1954 UCI Road World Championships.

## References
Sadako Ogata

was a Japanese academic, diplomat, author, administrator, and professor emeritus at Sophia University. She served as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) from 1991 to 2000. She also served as the Chairwoman of the UNICEF Executive Board and as the President of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

Ogata died on 22 October 2019 in Tokyo at the age of 92; her death was announced on 29 October.

## References
Thorvald Stoltenberg

**Thorvald Stoltenberg** (8 July 1931 &ndash; 13 July 2018) was a Norwegian politician. His ancestors stem from Tønsberg. He was the Minister of Defence (1979–81) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1987–1989 and 1990–1993) in two Labour governments.

Stoltenberg's son, Jens, was the 27th Prime Minister and was the Secretary General of NATO from 2014 to 2024.

From 1989 to 1990 he was appointed Norwegian Ambassador to the UN. In 1990 he became the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, but served only one year before rejoining the Norwegian government.

Stoltenberg died on 13 July 2018 at the age of 87 after a short illness.

## References
Morgan Tsvangirai

**Morgan Richard Tsvangirai** (; 10 March 1952 – 14 February 2018) was a Zimbabwean politician. He was Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 2009 to 2013. He was President of the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC-T) and a key figure in the opposition to former President Robert Mugabe.

## Death
Tsvangirai died on 14 February 2018 at a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa from colorectal cancer at the age of 65.

## References
Antoni Krauze

**Antoni Krauze** (4 January 1940 – 14 February 2018) was a Polish screenwriter and director. He studied at the National Film School in Łódź (1966). He was born in Warsaw.

Krauze was known for his 2011 movie, *Black Thursday*. He won an award at the Polish Film Festival in 2011 and FIPRESCI Prize at the Montréal World Film Festival in 2011.

Krauze died on 14 February 2018 in Warsaw of a heart attack at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tito Francona

**John Patsy Francona** (November 4, 1933 – February 13, 2018) was a Major League Baseball player. As a child, he was nicknamed **"Tito"** by his father. His son, Cleveland Indians manager Terry Francona. He was born in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania.

Francona played for the Baltimore Orioles (1956–1957), Chicago White Sox (1958), Detroit Tigers (1958), Cleveland Indians (1959–1964), St. Louis Cardinals (1965–1966), Philadelphia Phillies (1967), Atlanta Braves (1967–1969), Oakland Athletics (1969–1970) and for the Milwaukee Brewers (1970).

Francona died at his home in New Brighton, Pennsylvania of natural causes on February 13, 2018 at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
Parkland high school shooting

On February 14, 2018, at 2:21 PM EST, a mass shooting occurred at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. It was near dismissal time when staff and students heard gunfire and enacted a "code red" lock down. At least 17 people were killed and many others injured. Originally, 20 people were reportedly injured, and the shooter was in custody with the Broward County Sheriff's Office. 

The suspect was transported to a local hospital for trouble breathing. He was transported from that hospital by the Sheriff's Office shortly thereafter. The shooter was later identified by police as 19-year-old Nikolas Cruz, who was previously expelled from the school. The weapon used was a Smith & Wesson M&P 15 Sport II.

President Donald Trump tweeted "Prayers and condolences. No child, teacher or anyone else should ever feel unsafe in an American school". Demonstrations and petitions toward gun control were in effect, following the shooting.

On October 20, 2021, Cruz pleaded guilty to all charges and apologized for his actions. Sentencing was expected in January 2022, but it was delayed many times partly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The trial started on July 18, 2022. On November 2, 2022, Cruz was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.

## Victims 
* Alyssa Alhadeff, 14
* Scott Beigel, 35
* Martin Duque, 14
* Nicholas Dworet, 17
* Aaron Feis, 37
* Jaime Guttenberg, 14
* Chris Hixon, 49
* Luke Hoyer, 15
* Cara Loughran, 14
* Gina Montalto, 14
* Joaquin Oliver, 17
* Alaina Petty, 14
* Meadow Pollack, 18
* Helena Ramsay, 17
* Alex Schachter, 14
* Carmen Schentrup, 16
* Peter Wang, 15

## References
Alea iacta est

of the Hall family from Shackerstone says *jacta est alea*.]]

***Alea iacta est*** is a Latin phrase that means "the die is cast (thrown)". Suetonius credits Julius Caesar as having said it on January 10, 49 B.C when he led his army across the Rubicon river in Northern Italy. It means events have happened that can't be undone. 

## In other languages 
The phrase, either in Latin or in translation, is used in many different languages.

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  
* 
*  
* , and, 
* , and, 
*  
*  
* 
* 
* Indonesian: *Nasi sudah menjadi bubur* (lit. rice has become porridge)
*  
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  
*  
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  
* 
*
Marjory Stoneman Douglas

**Marjory Stoneman Douglas** (April 7, 1890 – May 14, 1998) was an American journalist, writer, feminist, and environmentalist. She was known for her strong support for defending the Everglades against efforts to drain it and reclaim land for development.

Douglas died at the age of 108 in Miami, Florida of natural causes on May 14, 1998. Upon her death, an obituary in *The Independent* in London stated, "In the history of the American environmental movement there have been few more remarkable figures than Marjory Stoneman Douglas."

## References
## Other websites
*Everglades in the Time of Marjorie Stoneman Douglas A photo exhibit on Douglas, provided by the State Archives of Florida
*Marjory Stoneman Douglas's River of Progress: Modernism, Feminism, Regionalism, and Environmentalism in Her Early Writings  A master's thesis from the University of Florida about Douglas' short stories
*Marjory Stoneman Douglas &ndash; Bibliography Information on her works, friends and peers, and her home
*Friends of the Everglades The non-profit environmental organization founded by Marjory Stoneman Douglas
*
Northern Illinois University shooting

The **Northern Illinois University shooting** was a school shooting on February 14, 2008, at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois. Steven Kazmierczak opened fire with a shotgun and three pistols in a crowd of students on campus. He killed five students and injuring an additional 17 people, before shooting himself.

The school placed the campus on lockdown; students and teachers were told to go to a safe place, take cover, and avoid the scene and all buildings near the scene of the shootings. Six people died in the incident, including the shooter, tying it with the University of Iowa shooting as the fifth-deadliest university shooting in United States history.

## References
Lerone Bennett Jr.

**Lerone Bennett Jr.** (October 17, 1928 – February 14, 2018) was an African-American scholar, author and social historian. He was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi. He was known for his analysis of race relations in the United States. His best-known works include *Before the Mayflower* (1962) and *Forced into Glory* (2000), a book about U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. He was an editor for *Ebony*.

Bennett Jr. died in Chicago, Illinois on February 14, 2018 of vascular dementia at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*Bennett's biography 
*Lerone Bennett Jr.'s oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
*
**Booknotes* interview with Bennett on *Forced Into Glory*, September 10, 2000.
Bob Eubanks

**Robert Leland Eubanks** (born January 8, 1938) is an American disc jockey, television personality, and game show host, best known for hosting the game show *The Newlywed Game* on and off since 1966. He also hosted the successful revamp version of *Card Sharks* from 1986 to 1989. 

Eubanks received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his television work in 2000. In 2005, he received a lifetime achievement Emmy Award from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.

## References
## Other websites
*
*World Poker Tour Profile
Symbol rate

**Symbol rate** (also called **baud rate** and **modulation rate**) is the number of symbols that happen each second. The name "baud rate" comes from Émile Baudot, the person who invented the Baudot code.

'Symbol' in this sense means something like 'basic signal event'. The word symbol usually has a much wider meaning.

## References
Falcon Heavy

**Falcon Heavy** is a reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle designed and made by SpaceX. It is inspired from the Falcon 9 vehicle. This increases the low Earth orbit (LEO) maximum payload to , compared to  for a Falcon 9 Full Thrust,  for Delta IV Heavy,  for the Space Shuttle and  for Saturn V. Falcon Heavy is the world's fourth-highest capacity rocket ever built, after Saturn V, Energia and N1, and the most powerful rocket in operation as of 2020. SpaceX conducted Falcon Heavy's first launch on February 6, 2018, at 3:45&nbsp;p.m. EST (20:45 UTC). The rocket carried a Tesla Roadster belonging to SpaceX founder Elon Musk as a dummy payload into a path around the sun. The first commercial launch was on 11 April 2019, for Arabsat. It was a success.

Falcon Heavy was designed to carry humans into space, for example to the Moon and Mars, although as of February 2018, it is not certified and there are no plans to use it for crewed missions. It will instead be devoted to launching large satellites or space probes. Falcon Heavy would be replaced by Starship.

## Related pages 
* Falcon 9

## References
## Other websites 
SpaceX's Falcon Heavy overview page
DirecTV

with Dual LNB on a brick wall.  The dish shown uses the old logo of the AT&T affiliate mentioned.]]
**DirecTV** (stylized as **DIRECTV**) is an American satellite television service provider. The company is based in California. It is part of AT&T.

Its satellite service began on June 17, 1994. The service provides digital satellite television to households in the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean Islands.

DirecTV also has internet television service.

## Customer Service 
In 2007, DirecTV was awarded a J.D. Power award for cable and satellite TV satisfaction.

The customer service of DirecTV is provided by many third-party owned call centers both inside and outside the U.S.

### Review from Better Business Bureau
In August 2008, *The Boston Globe* reported that DirecTV had been receiving as many as 20,000 complaints in almost three years to Better Business Bureau about DirecTV slipping on cancellation fees.

In August 2010, Better Business Bureau reported that it had gotten over 39,000 complaints in the previous three years. The BBB gave DirecTV an F (failing) grade. Many of these complaints concerned the fees for early termination, billing and service issues.

## References
Better Business Bureau

The **Better Business Bureau** (BBB) is a non-profit organization. It was founded in 1912. It focuses on marketplace trust. It has 106 independently incorporated local groups in the United States and Canada. The main group is in Arlington, Virginia.

Almost 400,000 local businesses in North America support BBB.

BBB isn't connected to any government agency.  

BBB has been the subject of controversy. The controversy is mainly related to its alleged practice of giving higher ratings to businesses that pay membership fees. It says that payment from businesses is not required for them to receive an "A" rating.

## References
Prince Henrik of Denmark

**Prince Henrik of Denmark** (; born **Henri Marie Jean André de Laborde de Monpezat** (11 June 1934 – 13 February 2018), was the husband and consort of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark from 1972 until his death in 2018.

## Early life
Henrik was born in Talence, Gironde, France.

Henrik served as an infantry conscript in the French Army in the Algerian War between 1959 and 1962.

## Monarchy
Henrik married Margrethe at the Church of Holmen on 10 June 1967 and became her consort when she succeeded her father, King Frederick IX, as monarch of Denmark on 14 January 1972.

He had two sons, Crown Prince Frederik (born 1968) and Prince Joachim (born 1969). He had eight grandchildren. Throughout his time as Prince consort, Henrik voiced his opposition with fact that he never received the title of Majesty or King.

## Death
On 6 September 2017, it was announced that Prince Henrik was suffering from dementia. On 28 January 2018, Prince Henrik was hospitalized at Rigshospitalet, following a visit to Egypt. It was later revealed that he had a benign tumor in the left lung and his condition worsened in February. He died a few weeks later on 13 February 2018 in Fredensborg Slot of pneumonia at the age of 83.

## Titles and styles 
* 11 June 1934-30 April 2008: Count Henri of Monpezat
* 10 June 1967-2005: His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark
* 2005-14 April 2016-13 February 2018: His Royal Highness The Prince Consort of Denmark
* 14 April 2016-13 February 2018: His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* The Ancestry of Henri de Laborde de Monpezat
Johnny Sauter

**Jonathan Joseph "Johnny" Sauter** is an American racecar driver. He currently drives in the NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series, driving the No. 98 Ford F-150 for ThorSport Racing. Sauter won the 2016 Camping World Truck Series championship.

## Racing career 
Sauter gained national attention in 2001, when he won the ASA national Tour championship, when he won ten races. That same year, he ran a partial NASCAR Busch Series schedule for Richard Childress Racing. The following year, he ran a full season and earned his first win at Chicagoland Speedway. Sauter was also involved in one of the biggest crashes in NASCAR history, a thirty-plus car accident at Talladega Superspeedway. In 2003, Sauter split time between RCR and the Curb Agajanian team, driving 15 races for Curb and the other 19 for RCR. He also raced in his first five Winston Cup Series races with Morgan-McClure Motorsports.

In between the 2003 and 2004 seasons, Sauter signed with RCR to run the full Cup schedule and also with Brewco Motorsports to run the full Busch Series schedule. He joined teammates Kevin Harvick and Robby Gordon and crew chief Kevin Hamlin at RCR. Sauter ran the full Busch schedule, performing well on short tracks. However, he was released after thirteen Cup races. 

After moving from ThorSport Racing to GMS Racing before 2016, Sauter won the 2016 Truck championship. During the 2017 season, he was the first driver to test a standard engine for the Truck Series.

On the day of the last race of 2017, Sauter said that he would return to GMS in 2018.

## Personal life 
Sauter is married with kids. and is a lifelong Catholic.

## References
Vest

A **vest** is a kind of clothing. It is worn on the upper part of the body. It has no sleeves.

In the United States and American English, a vest is a kind of clothing sometimes worn on top of a shirt.

In Britain and British English, a vest is a kind of clothing worn over the chest and below all other clothes on that part of the body.

## Related pages
* Bulletproof vest

## References
Don Carter (businessman)

**Donald J. Carter** (July 5, 1933 – February 14, 2018) was an American investor and businessman. He was born in Little Rock, Arkansas. He was a founding owner of the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Dallas Sidekicks of the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL). He was known for always wearing a cowboy hat.

Carter died at his home in Dallas, Texas on February 14, 2018, at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
* Drape, Joe. "Mavericks' Founder Finally Gets His Title," *The New York Times*, Sunday, June 19, 2011.
Abdon Alinovi

**Abdon Alinovi** (6 May 1923 – 15 February 2018) was an Italian politician. He was born in Eboli, Italy. He was a member of the Italian Communist Party. In 1976, Alinovi was elected in the Chamber of Deputies, representing Naples until 1992.

Alinovi died in Naples at the age of 94 on 15 February 2018 of Alzheimer's disease.

## References
Mastercard

**Mastercard Incorporated**  is an American multinational financial services corporation in  Purchase, New York, United States. Its business is to process payments between the banks of merchants and the card issuing banks or credit unions of the purchasers who use the "Mastercard" brand debit and credit cards.

Mastercard, first known as Interbank/Master Charge, was started by several California banks as a competitor to the BankAmericard by Bank of America, later the Visa credit card by Visa Inc. From 1966 to 1979, Mastercard was named "Interbank" and "Master Charge".

## References
Battle of Hill 60 (Western Front)

Hill 60 was a man-made hill created in the 1860s from what was dug out from a nearby railway line. It had a height of 150 feet and was situated to the south-east of Ypres. It had been captured by the Germans in December 1914, giving them a strategic advantage due to its height. Naturally the British wanted to take it back and so in April 1915 they began tunnelling. This use of offensive mining involved digging tunnels into and under the hill in order to place 22 mines beneath the hill (3 of which failed to explode).When they were detonated, they blew off the top of Hill 60, allowing the British to retake the crucial position.

All the men who joined the Tunnelling Companies were experienced miners; they came from the coal mines in Northumberland, from the sewers in Manchester, and the tubes in London. Most of them had been digging since they were 10 years old, with generations of mining history and were often shorter than regular soldiers. In the barbaric, secret wars below ground; it was these men who experienced some of the highest death rates.

Unfortunately, almost as soon as the battle for Hill 60 was finished, the Second Battle of Ypres began. In these significant battles, the Germans used chlorine gas for the first time. And by the end of the battle, the Germans had moved two miles closer to Ypres, on the eastern side of the salient.

## References
Sunan ibn Majah

**Sunan Ibn Majah** () is one of the six major Sunni hadith collections (Kutub al-Sittah). The Sunan was authored by Ibn Majah. It contains over 4,000 hadith in 32 books (kutub). Sunnis consider this collection as sixth in strength of their six major Hadith collections.

## References
Nested radical

In algebra, a **nested radical** is a root that has another root inside. \sqrt{\sqrt{5}\ } and \sqrt{5-2\sqrt{5}\ } are nested radicals.
Operand

In mathematics, an **operand** is a number or variable being worked on in an equation or inequality.

## Notation 
In (3+5)\times2, the operands are 3, 5, and 2, and the operators are + and \times.

## Name of operands 
Operands have different names depending on the operation that is done to them.

* x+y Addition: addend

* x-y Subtraction: minuend & subtrahend

* x\times y Multiplication: factor

* x/y Division: dividend & divisor

* \frac xy Division (fraction): numerator & denominator

* x^y Exponentiation: base & exponent

* \sqrt[y]{x} Root: index & radicand

* \log x Logarithm: base & power

* x\backslash y Modulation: modulend & modulator

* n! Factorial: index

* \sum_{k}^n{x} Summation: summand

* \prod_{k}^n{x} Product: multiplicand

* \lim_{k\to n}{x} Limit: index & limit

* \lfloor x\rceil Nearest integer: index

* \lfloor x\rfloor Floor: index

* \lceil x\rceil Ceiling: index

* [x] Integer part: index

* \{x\} Fractional part: index

## Related pages 
* Algebra
* Arithmetic
* Operation
* Operator
Mentorship

s]]

**Mentorship** is when a person who is more experienced in a subject tutors another person to help them learn more about the subject. It is the process of guiding and influencing a personal and professional growth in an organization.  Mentorship requires the mentor to have more experience in the subject they're tutoring in than the person teaching, also called a mentee. Mentorship is complete when the mentee has the same level of knowledge about the subject as the mentor. 

## References
Don't Forget

'''''Don't Forget''''' is the first studio album by American singer-songwriter Demi Lovato. It was released on September 23, 2008 through Hollywood Records. It had the singles "Get Back", "La La Land" and "Don't Forget".

## Track listing
## Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of ''Don't Forget''.

### Performers and musicians
*Demi Lovato – lead vocals, piano 
*Nick Jonas – lead vocals , guitar , background vocals , keyboard , drums , percussion 
*Joe Jonas – lead vocals , background vocals 
*Kevin Jonas – guitar , background vocals 
*John Fields – guitar, bass, keyboard
*John Taylor – guitar , background vocals 
*Will Owsley – guitar , background vocals 
*Robert Schwartzman – background vocals 
*Kara DioGuardi – background vocals 
*Devin Bronson – guitar solo 
*Jason Reeves – guitar 
*Tim Pierce – guitar 
*Dorian Crozier – drums 
*Jack Lawless – drums 
*Michael Bland – drums 
*Ken Chastain – percussion 
*Tommy Barbarella – organ , keyboard 
*Stephen Lu – keyboard 

### Production
*John Fields – production, programming
*Jonas Brothers – production 
*Chris Lord-Alge – mixing
*Nik Karpin – assistant mixing
*Ted Jensen – mastering
*Ken Chastain – programming 
*Stephen Lu – string arrangement 

### Design and management
*Jon Lind – A&R
*Cindy Warden – A&R coordination
*Phil McIntyre – management
*Kevin Jonas, Sr. – management
*Eddie De La Garza – management
*Dave Snow – creative director
*Gavin Taylor – art direction, design
*Sheryl Nields – photography

## Certifications
## References
University of Bern

The **University of Bern** (, , ) is a public university in the Swiss capital of Berne. It is the third-largest university in Switzerland. It has about 18,570 students. 

The University of Bern was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the Canton of Berne. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 160 institutes.

## References 
## Other websites 
*University of Bern 
*University of Bern
Multan Sultans

**Multan Sultans** (Saraiki and Urdu: ملتان سلطانز) is one of the six teams which plays in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). The team represents the city of Multan and was founded in 2017. It is owned by **Nasir Schon** (Schӧn Properties). Shoaib Malik is the captain of Multan Sultans, while the head coach is Tom Moody.

## Squad 
Multan Sultans (MS) is a franchise named on behalf of Multan, a city of saints in Punjab, Pakistan. The franchise introduced in Pakistan Super League during season 3, the team owned by **Ali Tareen & Alamgir Khan Tareen**. Sultans have not shown the best performance till yet to achieve any title of Pakistan Super League. The franchise home ground is Multan Cricket Stadium, Multan and practice matches of MS played at this stadium. Multan Sultans 2020 squad and all players list released in PSL 2019 draft.

## References
Rukhsana Kokab

**Rukhsana Kokab** () is a Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, since May 2013.

## Early life 
She was born on 25 September 1954 in Lahore.

## Political career 
She was elected to the [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_the_Punjab Provincial Assembly of the Punjab] as a candidate of [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N) Pakistan Muslim League (N)] on a reserved seat for women in [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_2013 Pakistani general election, 2013].

## References
Raheela Naeem

**Raheela Naeem** () is a Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, since May 2013.

## Early life and education 
She was born on 2 July 1976 in Lahore.

She graduated from Government College for Women in Lahore in 1997 and earned the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

She was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-N on a reserved seat for women in [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_2013 Pakistani general election, 2013].

## References
Raheela Anwar

**Raheela Anwar** () is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education 
She was born on 20 February 1956 in [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhelum Jhelum].

She has completed [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matriculation matriculation] level education.

## References