open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yu-Gi-Oh! (trading card game)

The '''*Yu-Gi-Oh!* Trading Card Game'* is a Japanese-American card game developed and published by Konami. It is based on the fictional game of *Duel Monsters*, which is the main story for the anime series *Yu-Gi-Oh!*. It is played around the world, but mostly in Japan, North America, Europe and Australia. It was first sold to the public in 1999. In 2009 it broke the world record for most trading cards sold.

*Yu-Gi-Oh!'' is a trading card game in which players draw cards from separate decks and take turns playing cards. The game is like a battle, and the cards have different uses to help the player win the battle. There is one deck of cards for each player. Each deck contains 40 to 60 cards. Each player also has an optional "extra deck" of up to 15 cards that are used in certain situations. There is also a 15-card "side deck", which allows players to modify their deck between games. Players are only allowed three of the same card per deck and side deck. Each player starts with a certain number of "Life Points". To win the game, a player usually has to reduce their opponent's Life Points to zero. This is usually achieved by using "monster" cards to attack the monster cards of the opponent or damage the opponent's life points. The other two card types are "spells" and "traps". There are many, many types of spells and traps. For example, these cards' effects may eliminate an opponent's card, counter the effects of an opponent's card, or retrieve a specific card from one's own deck, to name just a few. Most monster cards also have extra abilities of their own.  

There are several video games based on this game. One of which is *Yu-Gi-Oh! Master Duel*, a digital equivalent to the physical trading card game.Another popular game based on the trading card game is Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links, where you play smaller scale duels called “speed duels” while playing as characters from the anime.  

## References
High on Fire

**High on Fire** is an American heavy metal band. It was started by guitar player Matt Pike. He used to be in the band Asleep. The band has released 4 albums.

## Discography
;Studio albums

## References
Crowded House

**Crowded House** are a New Zealand-Australian rock group. They formed in 1985 in Melbourne, led by New Zealand singer-songwriter Neil Finn. Finn is the main songwriter and creative director of the band. He has led it through several changes. The band has people from a few different countries: from New Zealand (Neil and his brother, Tim Finn and Eddie Rayner), Australia (Paul Hester, Nick Seymour, Peter Jones and Craig Hooper) and the United States (Mark Hart, and Matt Sherrod). Crowded House are referred to as *The Crowdies* by Australian fans. and international chart success in two phases, beginning with their self-titled debut album, *Crowded House*, which reached number twelve on the US Album Chart in 1987 and provided the Top Ten hits, "Don't Dream It's Over" and "Something So Strong". Further international success came in the UK and Europe with their third and fourth albums, *Woodface* and *Together Alone* and the compilation album *Recurring Dream*, which included the hits "Fall at Your Feet", "Weather with You", "Distant Sun", "Locked Out", "Instinct" and "Not the Girl You Think You Are".

Founding drummer Hester left in May 1994, citing family reasons, but returned for their *Farewell to the World* concerts in Melbourne and Sydney in 1996.

In 2006, the group re-formed with new drummer Matt Sherrod. They have since released three albums, "Time on Earth" (2007), "Intriguer" (2010) and "Dreamers Are Waiting" (2021).

## References
Sochi

**Sochi** (Russuan:Со́чи) is a city in Russia on the Black Sea coast. It is in Krasnodar Krai, a Russian federal subject. The 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics were played there. The Sochi Olympic Stadium was also used to host 2018 FIFA World Cup football matches. Sochi is also a popular health resort. It is one of very few places in Russia with a humid subtropical climate (*Cfa* in the Köppen climate classification).

## Other websites 
*Official site of XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi
Weston-on-Trent

**Weston-on-Trent** is a village and parish in Derbyshire. It is to the north of the River Trent. At the 2004 census there were about 800 people in the village aged sixteen to seventy-four years.

In 1009 Æþelræd Unræd (King Ethelred the Unready) signed a document  which agreed the size of Weston.

## References
Hiccups

A **hiccup** (also spelled hiccough) is sudden tightening of the diaphragm, which is a muscle inside the chest and below the lungs that causes air to be pulled in. A short time after the diaphragm contracts, the throat suddenly closes. This closing stops the air from flowing in, and results in the "hic" sound that gives "hiccups" its name. A hiccup is a reflex, a kind of action happens in the body without trying. Hiccups often repeat several times per minute, and end on their own after a few minutes.

Sometimes a single hiccup happens, or they may happen over and over, a few times each minute, in a series called a *bout* of hiccups. Hiccups are rhytmic. This means the time between one hiccup and the next usually doesn't change much. A bout of hiccups generally ends by itself, without having to doing anything to end it on purpose. 

Many home remedies (cures) are often tried to attempt to shorten how long the hiccups last, because hiccups can be uncomfortable and make it hard to pay attention to other things. It is rare that medical help is necessary because it is rare that they last long enough to cause any harm. 

Hiccups may be triggered (started) by several common human conditions such as swallowing air, eating very quickly, and laughing for a long time. They can also be caused by some drugs and by some diseases.

The reason that people hiccup is not known for sure. A leading theory (idea) is that hiccups evolved to help human babies and other young mammals obtain milk more easily during breastfeeding. This is related to the pattern that hiccups often happen when a bubble of air forms below the diaphragm and takes up space in the belly.

## References
Napoleonic era

The **Napoléonic era** was a time in the history of France and Europe. This era existed during the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution. It is the time when Napoleon ruled France. The Napoleonic era begins  when Napoléon Bonaparte began to rule by overthrowing the government of France which was then called the Directory, creating the French Consulate.  The era ends with Hundred Days and his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo (November 9, 1799 - June 28, 1815). Afterwards, the Congress of Vienna tried to bring Europe back to pre-French Revolution days.

It was a time of many wars in Europe.
VIPoma

A **VIPoma**  (Pronounced "V I P oma") (also called **Verner Morrison syndrome** after the doctors who first noticed it), is a tumor that does not happen a lot (1 per 10,000,000 per year) in the pancreas. VIPoma makes something called vasoactive intestinal peptide, or VIP.  It can do bad things to the heart, brain, gut, gallbladder, and more.

## Treatment
Octreotide (a somatostatin analogue) can be used to help symptoms. Surgery is the only thing that will make it go away completely.

## References
Achlorhydria

**Achlorhydria** and **hypochlorhydria** is when there is very little, or no gastric acid in the stomach. It can come with other medical problems.

## Signs 
The lowering acid level itself can make symptoms similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease, and hinders protein digestion by holding back the enzyme pepsin. Pepsin needs a low gastric PH to become active. Low acid levels in the stomach are also linked with bacteria growing too much, which can stop the body taking in nutrients or vitamins.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

The **Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)**  was the Yugoslav country that existed from 1945 to 1992. It was a socialist state. It was also a federation made up of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. 

Josip Broz Tito ruled Yugoslavia until 1980. He died at that time. In June 1991 Slovenia and Croatia declared independence, and the Yugoslav Wars began. By 1992 only Serbia and Montenegro still wanted a union. They made a new country called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Leaders around the world didn't agree it was the same as the old Yugoslavia. Montenegro left in 2005.
Konstantin Rokossovsky

**Konstanty Rokossovsky**, Polish: *Konstanty Rokossowski*, (21 December 1896 in Warsaw - 3 August 1968 in Moscow) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944), a Marshal of Poland (1949), and twice a Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). 

In World War II he commanded an army in the Moscow battle, Bryansk, and Donskoy fronts (in the Stalingrad battle).

## References
Mobile home

A **mobile home**, or **house trailer**, is a moving home which can be pulled behind a truck, tractor or strong car on major roads. Some mobile homes have multiple sections, such as with a double-wide trailer, which can be joined together after being pulled onto a lot as separate trailers. Some also have front or back porches which can be joined outside the doors of the house trailer. Mobile homes can also be referred to as simply trailers or caravans.
Mobile homes are usually left in one location permanently, but they have possibility to move in emergencies or other events.

## References
Secure Digital card

The **Secure Digital card** (**SD card**) is a kind of memory card. Such cards are often used to store images or data in digital cameras. As of 2008, different capacities between 4 MiB and 32 GiB have been made. The card has a rectangular design, but one edge is *chipped off*. This means that the cards cannot be inserted into the cameras (or other devices) the wrong way.

There are different kinds of cards:

*Those labeled *SD*, with capacities up to 2 GiB
*Those labeled *SDHC*, with capacities between 4 GiB and 32 GiB
*Those labeled *SDXC*, with capacities of up to 2 TiB
*Those labeled *SDUC*, with capacities over 2 TiB

SD and SDHC are not compatible, but devices that accept SDHC also accept SD cards. The interface of SDHC and SDXC cards is the same, but SDXC uses a different file system. Some devices (for example the Wii) that originally shipped only with support for SD can be made to support SDHC with a firmware update.

There are also different *classes*. These refer to the read and write speeds. Currently in use are *Class 2* - which means 2 MB/s, *Class 4* - 4 MB/s and *Class 6* at 6 MB/s. The problem with this is that different manufacturers measure different things with it, some measure write speeds, others read speeds. There are also differences because some give guarantees, and others simply say that the speeds they indicate are the maximum achievable under good conditions.

Still another measurement is called *rating*. A rating of 1 corresponds to 150 kB/s, the read speed of the CD. That way, a class 2 is equal to a speed of 13x.

microSD cards do the same thing but are much smaller.
Gold Coast

**Gold Coast** could mean:

## Africa
* Ghana on the Gold Coast (region) in west Africa, which was made up of the following colonies:
**Gold Coast (British colony), British colony on the Gulf of Guinea in west Africa
**Brandenburger Gold Coast, former German colony
**Danish Gold Coast, former Danish colony
**Dutch Gold Coast, former Dutch colony
**Portuguese Gold Coast, former Portuguese colony
**Swedish Gold Coast, former Swedish colony

## Australia
* Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Grand Theft Auto IV

***Grand Theft Auto IV*** is a 2008 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the sixth main entry in the *Grand Theft Auto* series, following 2004's *Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas*, and the eleventh instalment overall. Set in the fictional Liberty City, based on New York City, the single-player story follows Russian war veteran Niko Bellic and his attempts to escape his past while under pressure from high-profile criminals. The open world lets players freely roam Liberty City, consisting of three main islands, and the neighbouring state of Alderney, which is based on New Jersey.

Its successor, *Grand Theft Auto V*, was released in 2013.

## Gameplay 
*Grand Theft Auto IV* has the same basic gameplay from the earlier games in the series. The player can walk, run, swim, climb, jump and use weapons and basic hand-to-hand combat. Players can steal and drive many types of cars, boats, helicopters and motorcycles. Players can explore and choose how they want to play the game. Players can complete missions, but these are not needed to get farther into the game to open content. When the player does a crime and the police see it, they will start to follow the player and try to catch him.

## Radio Stations 
There are 22 Radio Stations in GTA IV and EFLC.

* The Vibe 98.8
* Liberty Rock Radio 97.8
* Jazz Nation Radio 108.5
* Massive B Soundsystem 96.9
* K109 The Studio
* Self Actualization FM
* We Know The Truth
* Vice City FM
* Liberty City Hardcore
* The Journey
* Fusion FM
* The Beat 102.7
* Ram Jam FM
* Radio Broker
* Vladivostok FM
* Public Liberty Radio
* San Juan Sounds
* Electro Choc
* The Classics 104.1
* International Funk
* Tuff Gong Radio
* Integrity 2.0

## Random characters 
There are 14, 3 and 3 Random characters in GTA IV, TLaD and TBoGT meet all over the city.

### GTA IV
* Brian Meech (Justin Reinsilber) 
* Real Badman (Seeborn†) 
* Mel (Larry Fleischman) 
* Ilyena Faustin (Marcy McGuigan) 
* Hossan Ramzy (Sean T. Krishnan) 
* Sara (Deborah Yates) 
* Pathos (David S. Shaw) 
* Jeff Harlingford (Harry Chase) 
* Cherise Glover (Ja'Tovia Gary) 
* Marnie Allen (Reyna de Courcy) 
* Eddie Low (Victor Verhaeghe) 
* Ivan Bytchkov (Lev Gorn) 
* Clarence Little (Jerry Clicquot) 
* Gracie Ancelotti (Rebecca Benhayon)

### TLaD
* Dave Grossman (Jay Patterson) 
* Malc (Walter Mudu) 
* Brian Jeremy (Adrian Martinez) 
### TBoGT
* Arnaud (Simon Jutras) 
* Margot Summers (Sarah Clements) 
* Daisy Cash-Cooze (Elizabeth Jasicki)

## Reception 
*Grand Theft Auto IV* was praised for having more realistic graphics and story. 

## Notes
## References
Natasha Bedingfield

**Natasha Bedingfield** (born 26 November 1981) is an English singer-songwriter. She was born in West Sussex and was raised in Lewisham, South London. Her music genres are rock, R&B and pop. Her albums are *Unwritten* (which contains the hit single of the same name), *N.B.* (the U.S. title is *Pocketful of Sunshine*) and *Strip Me* (released in 2010). Some of the most famous songs by her are *Unwritten*, *Say It Again*, *Soulmate*, *These Words* and *I Bruise Easily*. One of her two brothers is singer Daniel Bedingfield; her sister is singer Nikola Rachelle.

## Songs
*I Wanna Have Your Babies
*Love Like This
*Pocketful of Sunshine
*Soulmate
*Strip Me
*These Words
*Unwritten

## Other websites 
*Official website
Serbian Cyrillic alphabet

The **Serbian Cyrillic alphabet** (, *srpska/Vukova ćirilica*, literally "''Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet''") is the official and traditional alphabet used to write the Serbian language.

## The alphabet 
The following table gives the upper and lower letters forms of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, along with the Serbian Latin equivalent and the IPA value for each letter:

## References 
* Omniglot - Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian
* Serbian Alphabet 
*
Rhinoceros (genus)

The genus ***Rhinoceros*** of the family Rhinocerotidae includes the one-horned rhinoceroses, of which there are two extant species: the Indian rhinoceros (*R. unicornis*) and the Javan rhinoceros (*R. sondaicus*). These are characterized by one horn (actually thickly matted hair) on the upper snout.
Sumatran rhinoceros

The **Sumatran Rhinoceros** (*Dicerorhinus sumatrensis*) is a member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses. It is the smallest rhinoceros, standing about 120–145 centimetres (3.9–4.8 ft) high at the shoulder, with a body length of 250 centimetres (98 in) and weight of 500–800 kilograms (1100–1760 lb). 

The Sumatran rhinoceros is a small, hairy rhinoceros which survives in limited numbers in pockets of Indonesian and Malaysian rain forests. Only the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in Borneo has had Sumatran rhinos in captivity since 2015. The Sumatran Rhino has an average lifespan of about 30 to 40 years.
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf

**Johann Wilhelm Hittorf** (March 27, 1824 – November 28, 1914) was a German physicist who was born in Bonn and died in Münster, Germany. He was the first to compute the electric  of charged atoms and molecules (ions).

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-for-the-history-of-science/article/abs/johann-wilhelm-hittorf-and-the-material-culture-of-nineteenthcentury-gas-discharge-research/82D6CB70E783CFF7A993DAFE8219F1F2
Werdenberg

**Werdenberg** is a historical village in the canton of St. Gallen. It lies just outside Buchs. Today, between 55 and 60 people live there. There are about 40 houses, some of them only used for holidays. Werdenberg has a castle, which is often visited by tourists.

There was a county of Werdenberg. It included the city itself, the villages  of Grabs, Buchs, Sevelen and the right to judge in Wartau. The first count of Werdenberg died in 1182. In 1402, his successors let the county to the Count of Montfort-Tettnang. In 1485, it was sold to the City of Lucerne. In 1517, it was sold to the Canton of Glarus. During Napoleon's reign in Switzerland (called the Helvetic Republic, 1798-1803), Werdenberg was made part of the *Canton of Linth* (which also included the modern-day Canton of Glarus, and parts of the Canton of Schwyz). After the end of the reign, Werdenberg was made part of the canton of St. Gallen.
 (1922)]]
Integrated Services Digital Network

]]

**Integrated Services Digital Network** is an international standard for a communication network. It is often shortened to **ISDN**. It is used for telephone lines. Before ISDN, telephone lines were mainly seen as a way for people to make phone calls, so the main idea was to use circuit switching. When a phone call is made, a line is set up between the two participants. This phone call is analogue. With ISDN, this view changes. As the signal is now digital ISDN can be used to offer a number of services, which use the telephone line to transport data. There were different services, like telex or teleprinters before ISDN, but they used their own networks. At specific locations, there were gateways between these networks. With ISDN, this changes. There is only one network, and it offers different services. Some of them are for voice, to make phone calls, others are for data, for example to send telefaxes.
## Channels
ISDN offers a number of data channels, and a signalling channel. The data channels carry the actual service data. The two data channels are completely independent and can be used independently. The usual setup has two such data channels. That way, it is possible to send a fax through one channel, while doing a phone call over the other channel, for example. If the main focus is on a high quality voice connection, the two channels can be combined into one single channel carrying twice the amount of a single channel enhancing the quality dramatically.

For larger companies it is possible to extend the number of data channels to 30 with still one signalling channel.
Khat

**Khat** is a flowering plant native to tropical East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is also known as **qat**, **qaat**, **quat**, **gat**, **jaad**, **chat**, **chad**, **chaad**, **miraa** and **jimaa**. The plant is grown commercially in Kenya, Ethiopia, Oman, and Yemen.

Khat is a shrub. When grown commercially, the shrubs grow to a size of about 5m, in the wild they can reach about 20m. 

Khat is used as a stimulant in Eritrea, Somalia, and  Yemen the effects are comparable to those of drinking tea or coffee.

## Problems 
There are some problems with Khat. People can become psychologically addicted to the drug. Many anti-drug organisations, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration target this drug.  It is illegal to use in many countries, though not in Yemen.

Khat is very popular in Yemen.  Much of the country's farming resources are used for it because farmers get more money than for other cash crops.  It is estimated that 40% of the country's water supply goes towards irrigating it.

Some studies done in 2001 estimated that the income from growing khat was about 2.5 million Yemeni rials per hectare, while it was only 0.57 million rials per hectare if fruits were grown.  This is a strong reason farmers prefer to grow khat over coffee and fruits.  It is estimated that between 1970 and 2000, the area on which khat was cultivated grew from 8,000 hectares to 103,000 hectares.

## References
Matsui Keishirō

**Matsui Keishirō** (, 28 March 1868 - 4 June 1946) was a Japanese diplomat during the Showa period and later Minister of Foreign Affairs. He graduated from the Law School of Tokyo Imperial University in 1889, and entered the Foreign Ministry the same year. In 1890, he was given a post in the Japanese embassy in Seoul in 1890, and in 1895 was sent to the United States. In April 1889, he served in London. In 1902, he was re-assigned to Beijing. He returned to Japan in 1913.

During World War I, Matsui served as Japanese Ambassador to France from November, 1915. When he finished this mission, he was awarded with the title of baron (*danshaku*) under the *kazoku* peerage system. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 7 January to 11 June 1924 under the government of Kiyoura Keigo.

## References 
## More readings 
* Phillips Payson O'Brien 2004. The Anglo-Japanese alliance, 1902-1922, Routledge,
Gatineau

**Gatineau** (as of 2021 census population 291,041) is a city in western Quebec, Canada. It is on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, immediately across from Ottawa, Ontario, within Canada's National Capital Region. Ottawa and Gatineau comprise a single Census Metropolitan Area.

## References
Country code

**Country codes** are in most times created by few letters or numbers that represent geographical codes (geocodes) of countries that use certain country code, it is in use in data processing and communications. There are few different systems created for this. The most known is ISO 3166-1. The term *country code* often refers to international dialing codes.
Real analysis

**Real analysis** is an area of mathematics that deals with sets and sequences of real numbers, as well as functions of one or more real variables. It provides a rigorous logical foundation to calculus, the study of continuous change. 

As one of the main branches of mathematical analysis, it can be seen as the real-number counterpart of complex analysis, which deals with complex numbers. Many results in real analysis are special cases of results in complex analysis.

## Related pages 
* Derivative (mathematics)
* Functional analysis

## References
Orientability

In the Euclidean space, *R3* is called **orientable** if a two-dimensional figure (for example, ) cannot be moved around the surface and back to where it started so that it looks like its own mirror image (). Otherwise the surface is **non-orientable**. A concept connected to this is chirality. This means that no matter what, a human right hand, cannot be rotated in such a way that it becomes a human left hand. The right hand is therefore orientable.
Kol tribe

The **Kols**, also known as **Kolarians**, are the original inhabitants of modern-day West Bengal and North-east India. The term Kol has been corrupted by the Aryan-Sanskritic speakers to the word "kalu", meaning both "black" and "ugly", in almost all of the 16 major languages of the subcontinent. The Kolarians are a Dravidian peoples stock group, whose descendant communities can be found also in West Bengal and elsewhere in the eastern part of the East India.

Most geological scholars will contend that most of Bangladesh was fashioned 1 to 6.5 million years ago during the Tertiary era. Semi-recent excavations in the Deolpota village of western Bengal seem to suggest that a Paleolithic civilization in the region existed about one hundred thousand years ago. A 10,000 to 15,000 year old stone structure in Rangamati is the primary evidence of Paleolithic civilization along with a hand axe found in the mountainous inclines of the Feni district. This Neo-stone age began 3,000 BC lasting almost 1500 years. Similar tools were found in Sitakunda of the eastern region Chittagong, and near Comilla district. The sparsely forested hills in eastern Bengal strewn with fertile valleys imparted a hospitable location for Neolithic settlements.

Physically, the indigenous peoples of eastern India were long-headed, dark skinned, broad-nosed, and short in stature. Sometimes labeled as "Negritos" and "Negroids", their physical features are unchanged today among the lowest castes of Bengal, mainly the peasants, as well as 95% of population of West Bengal today who derive from these lower castes and tribes.

In Mukundaram Chakrabarti's *Chandimangal*, one of the primary Mangal Kavyas of Bengali literature, the character of Kalketu belonged to the Kol clan. He belonged to a hunting community, popularly called *byadh* in Bengali. They were a lower-caste community, as he mentions in his conversation with the goddess Chandi. Kalketu's father, Dharmaketu, is described as a devotee of Shiva, and their family is described as economically weaker, depending on the animal meat they sold. 

## References
.aq

**.aq** is the Internet country code top-level domain for Antarctica. It is taken from the French .

.aq domain names are available for free, and registration is granted in a time of 24 months.
Sena dynasty

The **Sena dynasty** (সেন,*Shen*) ruled Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries. 
Sena / Sen Dynasty was founded by Samanta Sen. Adi Purush Veersen of this dynasty is considered. They trace their origins to the Brahmakshatra Kayastha tradition. After the fall of the Pala dynasty, the Sena dynasty was established in Bengal.

Vaidya Ballal Sen (1158-78 AD) -
He was also a follower of Shaivism. It assumed the title of Gaudeshwar of the Pala rulers. He himself was a patron of scholars and scholars. He composed a book called Dansagar.But could not complete it. Later Lakshmanasen completed it. This started the movement under the name of nobility. Its purpose was to maintain the superiority and purity of power of the elite castes. The superiority and purity of power was to be maintained. First of all, he called Brahmins from Kannauj and settled in Bengal. After his death, his son became the ruler.
Laxman Sen (1178-1205 AD) -
Lakshmanasen assumed the title of Parambhagavata. Unlike his ancestors, he was a follower of Vaishnavism. Its writings begin with the praise of Vishnu. It established another capital near its former capital at Lakshmanavati (Lakhanauti). Jayadev, the author of Geetgovind, was one of its 5 gems. Halayudh was its Chief Justice and Chief Minister. Laxman Sen started the Lakshman era. It won Kashi and Prayag from Jaichand Gahadwal. It established victory pillars at Kashi, Puri and Prayag. In 1202 AD, Bakhtiar Khilji attacked it and conquered its capital, Nadia.

## References
National Capital Region (Canada)

area)]]
The **National Capital Region** () is an official federal name for the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, and neighbouring Gatineau, Quebec, and the area near them. The National Capital Region covers an area of 3,171 square kilometres (1,224 square miles). It has a population of 1,308,490. The Ottawa part of the region is part of the eastern subregion of Ontario. There is also a larger metropolitan area, called the Ottawa-Gatineau CMA. It is the only CMA in Canada to include parts of two provinces. It has an area of 8,047 square kilometres (3,107 square miles) and a population of 1,488,307.

The National Capital Region is not a separate political jurisdiction, although the National Capital Commission is deeply involved in political, cultural, and land use planning matters in the National Capital Region. Proposals have sometimes been made to separate the National Capital Region from its two respective provinces, and transform it into a separate capital district, like the District of Columbia in the United States or the Australian Capital Territory. Such proposals have never come close to passage, and there does not currently appear to be any political will or necessity to pursue this option.

## Cities, towns, and populations within Ottawa-Gatineau CMA 
## References 
## Other websites 
*National Capital Commission - Commission de la capitale nationale
Las Bela (princely state)

**Las Bela** was princely state in British India (now Pakistan) which existed until 1955. Later it was merged with the Karachi-Bela Division. The state was founded by Sindhi Jamote people in 1742 by Jam Ali Khan Koreja I.

Image:Flag of the State of Las Bela.svg
Image:Las Bela Map.gif

## References
Maksim Mrvica

**Maksim Mrvica** (; born 3 May 1975) is a Croatian pianist. His notable works are *Olympic Dream*, *Croatian Rhapsody*, and ''Handel's Sarabande''.

## References
Javan rhinoceros

The **Javan rhinoceros** (*Rhinoceros sondaicus*) is a herbivorous browser that belongs to the order of the Perissodactyla and is one of the three species of rhino native to Asia. Scientists think about 60 are alive.

## References
The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks

***The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks***, released as  in Japan, is the fifteenth game of Nintendo's *The Legend of Zelda* series. Made by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS, it was released December 2009 after Nintendo president Satoru Iwata announced the game at the 2009 Game Developers Conference. It is a sequel to the 2002/2007 GameCube/DS games: *The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker* and *The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass*

## Story
*Spirit Tracks* takes place 100 years after the events of *Phantom Hourglass*. Link is going to graduate to a train engineer. He travels to Hyrule Castle to receive his engineer's certificate from Princess Zelda. Zelda asks Link to bring her out of the castle so she can see the Tower of Spirits, where she thinks something has happened to make the Spirit Tracks fade away. On the way to the Tower of Spirits, the tracks fade from under Link's train and the tower breaks into pieces. The group is attacked by a horned demon named Cole, and a mercenary named Byrne. Cole uses dark magic to separate Zelda's spirit from her body and leaves, taking Zelda's body with him.

## Gameplay
*Spirit Tracks* keeps its style of game play from *The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass*, in which players use the stylus to control Link and use his weapons, items, and vehicle. The game is divided into an overworld, which Link travels using the Spirit Tracks, and towns and dungeons which he travels by foot. The player moves about the towns and dungeons in order to complete the game's main story. They can also take part in side quests for more rewards. In both the towns and in dungeons, the player is able to make notes on their current map as an aid in puzzle solving.

## Related pages
**The Legend of Zelda*

## References
.az

**.az** is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Azerbaijan. It was launched on 25 August 1993. It is administered by Azerbaijani Communications (AZNIC). It is only for residents of Azerbaijan. There are some second-level domains that have more rules when registering.

## Second-level domains
Second-level domains under .az are:
* com.az - For commercial use.
* net.az - Network providers.
* int.az - Registered international organizations in Azerbaijan.
* gov.az - Government agencies.
* org.az - Registered organizations for Azerbaijan.
* edu.az - Schools, universities and education institutions.
* info.az - News agencies.
* pp.az - For commercial use.
* mil.az - Military agencies and Ministry of Defence.
* name.az - For personal use only.
* pro.az - For commercial use.
* biz.az - For commercial use.
* co.az - For commercial use.

## References
## Other websites
* IANA .az whois information 
* WHOIS Server for .az
Pala Empire

The **Pala Empire** was a dynasty of northern and eastern Indian subcontinent, mainly comprising of Bihar and Bengal region from 8th to 12th century. The name *Pala* (Modern পাল *pal*) means "protector" and was used as an ending to the names of all Pala monarchs.

## History 
### Establishment 
After the Gauda kingdom fell, Bengal was in a state of anarchy and there was no central authority, and there was constant fighting between minor chieftains. Gopala ascended the throne as the first Pala king during these times.
### Expansion 
Gopala's empire was greatly expanded by his son Dharmapala and his grandson Devapala. At first, Dharmapala was defeated by the Pratihara ruler Vatsaraja. Later, the Rashtrakuta Emperor Dhruva defeated both Dharmapala and Vatsaraja. After Dhruva returned to the Deccan, Dharmapala built a powerful empire in northern India. Soon, Dharmapala's expansion was stopped by Vatsaraja's son, Nagabhata II, who took control of Kannauj and defeated Chakrayudha. Nagabhata II then moved towards Munger and defeated Dharmapala in a fierce battle. Dharmapala had to surrender and seek help from the Rashtrakuta emperor Govinda III, who then invaded Northern India and defeated Nagabhata II.

Dharmapala was then succeeded by his son Devapala. During the reign of Devapala, the Pāla Empire reached its greatest extent. Devapala is known for subjugating the Dravidas (Pandyan Empire), the Gurjaras (Gurjara Pratihara Dynasty), the Utkalas of Odisha, the Pragjyotishas of Assam, and the Hunas and Kambojas in the northwest, as recorded in his inscriptions and the inscription that records of his reign.

Dharmapala's eldest son, Rajyapala, died before him, so his next son, Mahendrapala, became king. Mahendrapala likely kept control of his father's large empire and fought against the Utkalas and Hunas. He passed the empire to his younger brother Shurapala I, who ruled over Bengal, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh, as confirmed by his Mirzapur copperplate. What happened during the rule of Shurapala's son, Gopala II, remains unknown. After Gopala II, Dharmapala's lineage ended, and the throne was taken by the descendants of Dharmapala's younger brother, Vakapala.

## List of rulers 
## References
John Hoeven

**John Henry Hoeven III** (born March 13, 1957) is a politician from the U.S. state of North Dakota. On January 3, 2011, he became a United States Senator for that state.  A member of the North Dakota Republican Party, he previously served as the 31st Governor of North Dakota from December 2000 to December 2010. 

Hoeven was elected to the U.S. Senate in the November 2, 2010 general election. He replaced junior Senator Byron L. Dorgan, who chose not to seek re-election.

## References
## Other websites
* Official U.S. Senate Site
Cosmopolitan distribution

In biology, an organism is said to be **cosmopolitan** (or **cosmopolite**) if it can be found almost anywhere on the Earth.

Examples include:
*Humans
* House dust mite
* Red admiral (painted lady butterfly)
* Many cetacean species, including the orca
* Brown rat
* Killer whale
* Peregrine falcon

## Related pages
*Biogeography
*Endemic
Mazatlán

**Mazatlán** () is a city in the Mexican state of Sinaloa; the surrounding *municipio* (municipality) for which the city serves as the municipal capital is also called Mazatlán. It is located at  on the Pacific coast, just across from the southernmost tip of the Baja California peninsula.

Mazatlán is a Nahuatl word meaning "place of the deer."  The city was started in 1531. By the mid-1800s a large group of immigrants had arrived from Germany. These new citizens made Mazatlán into a successful commercial seaport, importing equipment for the nearby gold and silver mines. It served as the capital of Sinaloa from 1859 to 1873.  They also influenced the music, banda, which is an form of Bavarian folk music, and also started the Pacifico Brewery on March 14, 1900.

Mazatlán, with a population of 352,471 (city) and 403,888 (municipality) as of the 2005 census, is the second-largest city in the state (after Culiacán) and Mexico's largest commercial port. It is also a popular tourist destination, with its beaches lined with resort hotels. A car ferry across the Gulf of California from Mazatlán to La Paz, Baja California Sur exists. The municipality has a land area of 3,068.48&nbsp;km² (1,184.75 sq mi) and includes smaller communities such as Villa Unión, La Noria, El Quelite, El Habal and many other small villages.

Mazatlán is served by Gral. Rafael Buelna International Airport.

## Sister towns
* Hamm,  since 1978
*Santa Monica, California 
*Seattle, Washington 
*Puntarenas, 
*Grande Prairie, Alberta 

## Cityscape
### Communities and neighborhoods 
### Beaches and parks
**Viejo Mazatlan & Centro area:**
** Olas Altas
** Playa Norte
** Los Pinitos
**Zona Dorada (Golden Zone):**
** Gaviotas
** Sabalos
** Playa Camaron
**Nuevo Mazatlan area:**
** Cerritos
** Playa Bruja
** El Delfin
** Marmol

** Isla de la Piedra:**

### Gallery

Image:Mazatlanvalentinos.jpg| Valentinos from Playa Mazatlan
Image:PLAYA PAIRASAILING.jpg| Parasailing near the Hotel Playa Mazatlan
Image:HOTEL PLAYA MAZATLAN.jpg| Main entrance to the Hotel Playa Mazatlan
Image:Church - Mazatlan, Centro.jpg| Church El Centro Mazatlan
Image:Cliff diver.jpg| Cliff diver, Mazatlan Mexico.

## References
### Spanish
*Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005  INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
*Sinaloa  Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México

## Other websites
*Mazatlán Map 
*Open Directory Mazatlán Business 
### Official websites
*Instituto de Cultura
*Carnaval of Mazatlan 
*Ayuntamiento de Mazatlán 
### Spanish
*Mazatlán History in the XIX Century
Grote of Martinikerk

The **Grote of Martinikerk**, or the **Grote Kerk**, is a Protestant church in the Frisian village of Sneek (Snits in West-Frisian) built in the 11th century and made of tuff. Around 1300, the church was enlarged and got three towers in a Romanesque west facade. A wooden clock house was also added.

The current church dates from 1498. The sacristy on the south side is from the 16th century and is now used as a vestry. In 1681, the Romanesque west front collapsed, bringing with it the middle of the three towers; the other two towers were demolished. The heavily damaged church was rebuilt, but the towers were not. The places where these towers were located can be seen in the old cemetery. In 1925, the foundations of the pillars were renewed to prevent further subsidence of the church. The church also received electric lighting that year. The church was thoroughly restored in the 1970s and 1980s. During the last restoration, the plaster ceiling was removed from the church, and an oak barrel vault was installed in the church again. The church is located on a mound in the center of Sneek; it is a three-aisled hall church. The church is now used for the worship services of the Protestant congregation in Sneek. The church building can be visited in the summer in the afternoon and sometimes also in the evening. In the summer, there are organized concerts on Monday evenings, except during the Sneekweek.

As a result of the Reformation, the church passed into Protestant hands in 1580. The interior was austere;  altars and statues disappeared, and  the organ was no longer allowed to be used. An organ as an accompaniment instrument did not come into vogue again until the end of the 17th century. Until then, the psalms were sung, supported by a cantor. In the 17th century, the church was also decorated with paintings and text plates.

In 1795 the Batavian Revolution took place, which was about "Liberty, equality ,and fraternity". The stained -lass windows were replaced by clear glass, tand he 'grand' mourning boards and family coats of arms on the benches were removed. The weapons were also chiseled out of the tombstones in many places. 

On four sides is a portal to enter the church:

* On the east side is the oldest entrance with a gate from 1652. This is the main entrance and is located on the side of the town hall.
* On the south side is a small wooden entrance for the poor and orphans.
* A large entrance has been made on the north side, in classicist style.
* A toilet group has been built in under the balcony on the west side.

In the years 1710–1711, an organ was built on the division between the church and the choir by the famous organ builder Arp Schnitger on a new gallery. The organ had a main work, back work, chest work, and a free pedal. At that time, it was one of the largest and most modern organs in Friesland. Over the years, the disposition was slightly modified, and in 1870, the organ survived total construction. In 1898  he organ was rebuilt by the organ builders Van Dam.

The legendary freedom fighter Pier Gerlofs Donia is buried there.
Baloch people

The **Baloch people** (بلوٚچ) are an Iranic ethnic group who live in the region of Balochistan which includes the border areas of southeastern Iran, southern Afghanistan, and southwestern Pakistan. The Baloch speak the Balochi language, an Iranian language. They mainly live in mountainous places of the Iranian plateau in Iran, Pakistan and parts of Afghanistan. Balochistan is an arid mountainous desert region inhabited by the Baloch people.https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bcc/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bgn/

## References
Iranian plateau

of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan]]
The **Iranian plateau**, also known as the **Persian plateau** is a geological formation in Southwest Asia, **Southern Asia** and the Caucasus region. As a historical region, it includes Parthia, Media and eastern Persia, the heartlands of Greater Persia (mainly Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan west of the River Indus).

## References
Treeshrew

A **treeshrew** is a small mammal in the order **Scandentia**.

They live in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. They make up the families Tupaiidae and Ptilocercidae. There are 20 species in five genera.

Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews, and are not all arboreal. Among other things, they eat *Rafflesia* fruit. They used to be classified in the Insectivora.
Bengalis

The **Bengali people** are the main ethnic group in the region of Bengal (now divided between  Bangladesh and the Republic of India) in the Indian subcontinent. They speak Bengali (বাংলা Bangla), a language of the eastern branch of the Indo-Aryan languages. 

They are natively concentrated in the nation of Bangladesh and in the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura.  Some of the most well established Bengali communities are in the Middle East, Japan, Malaysia, United Kingdom and United States.

Remnants of civilisation in the greater Bengal region date back 4,000 years, when the region was settled by Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic peoples. The origin of the word *Bangla ~ Bengal* is unknown, but it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe *Bang* that settled in the area around the year 1000 BC.

After the arrival of Indo-Aryans, the kingdoms around Bengal were first described in the *Atharvaveda* about 1000 BC. From the 6th century BC, Magadha expanded to include most of the Bihar and Bengal regions. It was one of the four main kingdoms of India at the time of Buddha. Magadha conquered nearly all of the Indian subcontinent, including parts of Persia and Afghanistan, reaching its greatest extent under the Buddhist emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BC. One of the earliest foreign references to Bengal is the mention of a land ruled by the king Xandrammes named Gangaridai by the Greeks around 100 BC. The word is speculated to have come from *Gangahrd* (Land with the Ganges in its heart) in reference to an area in Bengal. Later from the 3rd to the 6th centuries AD, the kingdom of Magadha served as the seat of the Gupta Empire.

## References
Grosvenor Bridge

**Grosvenor Bridge**, also called **Victoria Railway Bridge**, is a railway bridge over the River Thames in London, between Vauxhall Bridge and Chelsea Bridge.

It is made up of two bridges that were both built in the mid-19th century. The eastern side was built by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway in 1858-60 to carry trains into Victoria Station. This was the first railway bridge across the Thames in central London. The western side was built by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1865/66.

Both bridges were rebuilt in steel in 1963–67, the original piers now being wrapped in concrete. The designer for this work was Freeman Fox & Partners.

On the north bank is Pimlico to the north and east and Chelsea to the west. The Lister Hospital and the Royal Chelsea Hospital are immediately to the north west. On the south bank is Nine Elms to the east and Battersea to the west. Battersea Power Station is immediately to the south of the bridge, and Battersea Park to the south west.

## Related pages 
* List of crossings of the River Thames

## References
## Other websites
*
Vauxhall Bridge

**Vauxhall Bridge** is a steel and granite bridge in central London. It crosses the River Thames in a north-west south-east direction between Vauxhall on the south bank and Westminster on the north bank. 

## History
Vauzhall Bridge in 1906.  It replaced an earlier bridge as part of a program for redeveloping the south bank of the Thames. The original bridge was itself built on the site of a former ferry.

The building of both bridges was difficult, with both the first and second bridges needing multiple redesigns from multiple architects. The original bridge, the first iron bridge over the Thames, was built by a private company and was run as a toll bridge before being taken into public ownership in 1879. The second bridge, which took eight years to build, was the first in London to carry trams and later one of the first two roads in London to have a bus lane.

The present bridge is most significant for road traffic across the Thames.

In June 2012, the bridge was highlighted on the  of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Pageant on the Thames.

## Related pages 
* List of crossings of the River Thames

## References 
## Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

## Other websites
*
Ambrose Burnside

**Ambrose Everett Burnside** (May 23, 1824 – September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive and politician. He served as governor of Rhode Island (1866-1869) and U.S. Senator from Rhode Island. His distinctive style of facial hair is now known as sideburns, derived from his last name.

## References
Punjabis

The **Punjabi people** (, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ **Panjabi people**) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group native to the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. They mostly live in Pakistan and India. The Punjab region was the home to one of the oldest civilizations in the word, the Indus Valley Civilization. The Panjabi  is usually cultural and linguistic, with Punjabis being those whose first language is Panjabi, an Indo-European language.

## Notes
## References
Al Nassr FC

**Al-Nassr Football Club** (; *Naṣr* meaning "Victory") is a Saudi football club that was formed in 1955. The club is in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. Al-Nassr is well-known through Asia and the Middle East. The club has a large base of supporters, possibly the most supported club in Saudi Arabia.

## History
The team Al-Nassr were formed in 1955 and have nine Saudi Premier League titles, six King's Cup crowns, a hat-trick of Crown Prince's Cup trophies, the Federation Cup three times, and the Saudi Super Cup twice.

## Players
Many legendary footballers from Saudi Arabia have played for Al-Nassr. Among them are Majed Abdullah, Fahad Al-Herafy, Mohaisn Al-Jam'aan, Yousef Khamees and many other outstanding players. Portuguese player Cristiano Ronaldo also signed in 2023 to play for Al-Nassr. The current coach of Al-Nassr is Luis Castro. He was also a former player.

## Insignia
Al-Nassr's kit colors are yellow and blue. The logo resembles the Arabian Peninsula with the same colors, symbolizing the sand of Saudi Arabia and the sea near it.

## Other websites 
* Official site