open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Frank Chapot

**Francis Davis "Frank" Chapot** (February 24, 1932 &ndash; June 20, 2016) was an American equestrian. He competed at six Olympic Games from 1956 until his final effort in 1976 where he won two silver medals in the Team Show Jumping.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Benoîte Groult

**Benoîte Groult** (January 31, 1920, in Paris – June 20, 2016 in Hyères) was a French journalist, writer and feminist activist.

Her novel *Les vaisseaux du cœur*, published in 1988, was called pornographic by some because of its explicit sexual depictions. It was filmed by Andrew Birkin in 1992 as *Salt on Our Skin*.

In April 2010, she became Commander of the Légion d'honneur.

## References
Rich Olive

**Richard Warren Olive** (December 2, 1949 &ndash; June 20, 2016) was an American realtor and politician from Iowa. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He served the Fifth District in the Iowa Senate from 2007 until 2011.

On June 20, 2016, Olive died of cancer in Story City, Iowa at the age of 66.

## References
Edgard Pisani

**Edgard Pisani** (; 9 October 1918 – 20 June 2016) was a French statesman, philosopher, and writer. 

He held positions in various governments in France: Senator (1954–1961; 1974–1981), Minister of Agriculture (1961–1966), Parliamentarian (1967–1968), European Commissioner (1981–1985), Minister of New Caledonia (1985), President of the Arab World Institute (1988–1995). In 1992, with Bertrand Hervieu, he formed the *Groupe de Seillac* followed in 1995 by the *Groupe de Bruges*, both being think tanks.

## References
Cinna Lomnitz

**Cinna Lomnitz Aronsfrau** (4 May 1925 &ndash; 7 July 2016) was a German-born Chilean-Mexican geophysicist of Jewish descent. He known for his work in the fields of rock mechanics and seismology. 

Lomnitz was born in Cologne, Germany. He graduated as engineer from the University of Chile in 1948. He then studied with Karl von Terzaghi in Harvard University and obtained a Master's degree in soil mechanics there. 

He became editor of the journal *Geofísica Internacional* in 1990. He is the father of Claudio Lomnitz. Lomnitz died in 2016 at the age of 91.

## References
Leonard Lee

**Leonard G. Lee**, CM (July 17, 1938 &ndash; July 7, 2016) was a Canadian entrepreneur. He was the founder of Lee Valley Tools and Canica Design. In 1991, he founded Algrove Publishing. In 2002, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada for "being a successful entrepreneur."

Lee died of vascular dementia in Ottawa, Ontario on July 7, 2016, aged 77.

## References
Chayito Valdez

**Chayito Valdez** (born **María del Rosario Valdez Campos**; May 28, 1945 – June 20, 2016) was a Mexican-American singer and actress. She was born in Guasave, Sinaloa. She was sing about folk music of Mexico.

In the early 1970s she recorded four songs the Sinaloan city of Los Mochis: "Besos y Copas", "Una Noche me Embriagué", "Una Sombra" and "Amor que Muere", which earned her a reputation as a Mexican folk singer. She won the fifth *Festival de la Canción Ranchera* with the song "No me pregunten por él". She was also an actress, who appeared in the movie *Zacazonapan*.

Valdez moved to Los Angeles, California in 1982 and became a US citizen. On September 17, 1985, she suffered an automobile accident that left her in a wheelchair.

Valdez died from complications of a cerebral hemorrhage in Coronado, California on June 20, 2016, aged 71.

## Other websites
* 
* Periódico Región Biography
Ricardo Obregón Cano

**Ricardo Obregón Cano** (April 4, 1917 &ndash; June 19, 2016) was an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. He was born in Río Cuarto, Córdoba. He was Governor of Córdoba from May 25, 1973, to February 28, 1974.

## References
Mont-Tramelan

**Mont-Tramelan** is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
2016 shooting of Dallas police officers

The **2016 shooting of Dallas police officers** was an incident in which five police officers were killed by a man with a gun in Dallas, Texas. Six other officers and a civilian were also injured.

Earlier in the week, two black men were killed by police: one in Louisiana, another in Minnesota.  In Dallas on July 7, people protested against police brutality.  The protest was not violent.  But just before 9 p.m. (Central time) while the protest was ending, Micah Xavier Johnson began shooting police officers.  A suspicious package was found near the area.

President Barack Obama spoke against the attacks, saying the shootings were a "vicious, calculated, despicable attack" and a "tremendous tragedy."

## References
Javed Akhtar (cricketer)

**Javed Akhtar** (21 November 1940 &ndash; 8 July 2016) was a Pakistani cricketer. He played in one Test in 1962. He was an off spinner. He had success at first-class level, taking his wickets at an average of 18.17, but struggled in his only Test, failing to take a wicket. He played for the Pakistan national cricket team.

He later became an umpire, standing in 18 Tests and 40 ODIs from 1980 to 1999.

## References
John O'Rourke (footballer)

'''John O'Rourke''' (11 February 1945 &ndash; 7 July 2016) was a former professional English footballer. He was a centre forward.

During his career, he played for Ipswich Town F.C., Middlesbrough F.C., Coventry City F.C., Luton Town F.C., Queens Park Rangers and A.F.C. Bournemouth.

## References
Kim Sung-min

**Kim Sung-min** (Korean: 김성민, February 14, 1973 &ndash; June 26, 2016) was a South Korean actor. He was known for his roles as Lee Joo-wang in the televisions series *Miss Mermaid*, the Plastic surgeon in *Time* (2006) and as himself in *The Weight* (2013).

Sung-min committed suicide by hanging himself at his home in Seoul, South Korea, aged 43.

## Personal life 
Kim married a dentist named Lee Han-na on February 20, 2013.

## Death 
On June 24, 2016, Kim Sung Min's wife called the police to check on her husband. She said that he had threatened to kill himself after they had an argument. The police found him trying to commit suicide by hanging himself in the bathroom. He had been in a coma since June 24. On June 26, the police said that Kim Sung Min, was diagnosed as brain dead at 2:00 AM KST. The diagnosis was confirmed at 10:15 AM KST. Kim Sung Min's family agreed to donate his organs.

## Movies
## References
## Other websites
* 
* Kim Sung-min  at Lobe Entertainment
* Kim Sung-min Fan Cafe at Daum
*
Bühl

**Bühl** or **Bühl bei Aarberg** is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Mötschwil

**Mötschwil** was a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021, Mötschwil became a part of Hindelbank.

## References
Altenhohenau

**Altenhohenau** was a Dominican convent in Bavaria, Germany. It is in the municipality of Griesstätt, near Wasserburg on the Inn river.

## History 
Dominican nuns from Nürnberg started the community in 1235. Count Konrad von Wasserburg and his wife, Kunigunde were the founders. The reform started in the Schönensteinback convent in Alsace. Ten nuns from Schönensteinback went to St. Catherine's convent in Nuremberg. Before the reform, the library at St. Catherine's had 45 books. After the reform it had 500-600 books. The nuns at St. Catherine's helped other convents with their libraries. The convents needed books for the new prayers and rules of the reform. They helped St. Catherine's convent in St. Gall to copy books. They gave many books to the convents at Fraenaurach and Altenhohenau.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen

**Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen** (21 November 1932 &ndash; 27 June 2016) was a Danish composer.

Gudmundsen-Holmgreen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was the son of the sculptor Jørgen Gudmundsen-Holmgreen. He studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen, with Finn Høffding, Svend Westergaard, Bjørn Hjelmborg, and Vagn Holmboe (instrumentation), graduating in 1958.

Amongst other works, he composed fourteen string quartets and a Concerto Grosso for string quartet and orchestra, written for the Kronos Quartet, which he referred to as "Vivaldi on Safari".

He won the Nordic Council Music Prize in 1980 for his *Symfoni/Antifoni*.

Gudmundsen-Holmgreen died of cancer on 26 June 2016, aged 83.

## References
Mühledorf, Bern

**Mühledorf** was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018, the former municipalities of Gelterfingen, Mühledorf and Noflen merged into the municipality of Kirchdorf.

## References
Rahul Dravid

**Rahul Sharad Dravid** is a cricket player who has stopped playing professionally because he retired of old age. He used to play cricket before and was once the captain of the national cricket team of India. He is famous, and many people think that he is one of the best cricket players ever. He scored the fourth-most runs of any player, after Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Jacques Kallis. He was born in January 11, 1973 in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. He is the only player in the World to score a century against all the cricketing ten countries who are all full International Cricket Council members. 

## Performance
Rahul Dravid played his first debut match against the team from England. He played against Sri Lanka in his ODI debut match. He played only a one international T20 match, against England.

Dravid played 164 Test cricket matches and 344 ODI matches. Rahul Dravid scored 13,288 runs in Tests and 10,899 runs in ODIs. He picked up 4 wickets in ODIs and 1 wicket in Tests. Rahul Dravid made 36 centuries and 63 fifties in Tests and 12 centuries and 83 fifties in ODIs.

Rahul Dravid is one of the best wicket keepers of his time. His performances in wicket keeping are as follows: Catches/Stumpings in Tests: 210/0, ODIs: 196/14. His best batting score in a single inning of a Test match is 270 runs. His best batting score in a single ODI match is 153 runs. His best bowling performances are Tests - 1/18, ODIs - 2/43.
## List of cricket teams played by him
In the Indian Premier League, he played for both Royal Challengers Bengaluru and Rajasthan Royals. In other types of cricket, he played for Karnataka, Kent, Scotland, Marylebone Cricket Club.

## Awards
* Dravid was given the third and fourth highest civilian awards of India, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Sri.
* He was named one of the best five cricketers of the year by ''Wisden Cricketers' Almanack'' in 2000. 
* He was also awarded the Player of the Year and Test Player of the Year at the inaugural ICC awards ceremony in 2005.

## References
Mörigen

**Mörigen** is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

It is located on the southern shore of Lake Biel.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Comma-separated values

In computing, a **comma-separated values** (**CSV**) file stores information you might find in a spreadsheet, such as a table of text, numbers, and dates, in a plain text file.

## Format
Typically, the first line in a plain text file would contain header information, which are labels for table information organized vertically. Starting with the second line, each line would represent a row. Each cell in a row is separated by a comma, hence its name.

The following is a simple example of this type of file. The example has three columns (labeled 'name', 'age', and 'favorite color'), and four rows (including the header line at the top).
```text
name,age,favorite color
Alice,12,green
Bob,23,purple
Jane,34,blue
```

### Escaping
Text in a cell may be surrounded by quotation character (), to note the start and end of a cell (a particular column and row location) in a table. Quotation characters in a cell value in turn can be denoted by doubling the quotation character (). This is primarily used to signify that a particular cell contains data that may be confusing to a computer that's trying to read the file. A common example of this is when a cell contains a comma as part of it's data. Without the quotation marks, it's unclear if the comma denotes a separation between cells:
```text
name,age
Smith, Joe,45
Choi, Ceri,56
Plummer, Olive,23
```
or if it should be part of the cell's data:
```text
"name","age"
"Smith, Joe","45"
"Choi, Ceri","56"
"Plummer, Olive","23"
```

## Compatibility
CSV is a way to describe table data. However, various applications may require different types of tables. Having a file in CSV format may not be enough for a file to be compatible with a particular application.

Furthermore, CSV is stored in plain text. An application may have problems reading a CSV file because of incompatibility with the plain text format, either because of the character encoding or line break format.

## References
Choi-Yong-kun

**Choi Yong-kun** (Korea:최용건;hanja:崔庸健, July 21, 1900 – September 19, 1976) was Chinese and North Korean soldier, Korea independence activist and politician. nickname was **Seokcheon**(석천;石泉), ohtername was **Chuhae**(추해;秋海), **Ryong-gun**(룡건;龍健).

## Life 
Choi was born Seosung, in Taecheon, he was study to Taecheon premiry school and In 1919 Jeongju Ohsan Middle school. but Marth 1921 he was Withdrawal to middle school. In 1923 he was go to china and entrance into Winnan Military Academy school, Graduated to two years later. In 1924 to April 1925 he was Apprenticeships Military trainers of Hwangpu Military Academy, but he was involved to Guangzhou riots. later he was eacape to Manchu. In 1936 to 1939 he was activity to Northeast Anti-Japanese coalition forces, 1940's he was go to USSR.

In October 1945, he was return to his country, he was appointed to Central Committee of People's Committee Association of the South Pyongan Province and joint to Chosun communism party and  Chosun labor party. In 1946 header of Chosun Democratic party, in February 1947 he was first Commander-in-Chief was Korean people's Army until 1950.

In September 2, 1948, he was joint to North Korean government. so he was appoint to first Defense Minister of North Korea, first Korean Supreme People's lawmakers, In 1950 to 1952, he was joint to Korea War, Choi was Seoul defense system commander and Incheon defense system commander.

In October 1957 he was vice head state of North Korea and In March 10, 1958 to December 18, 1972 he was head state of North Korea. In December 1958 to 6 July, 1959 appoint to Committee Chair of Health Committee, 1972 until his death, he was vice president of North Korea.
Münchenbuchsee

**Münchenbuchsee** is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is famous as the birthplace of painter Paul Klee. Since 2023, Diemerswil became a part of Münchenbuchsee.

## References
## Other websites
Kapil Dev

**Kapil Dev** is a former Indian cricket player. He was an all rounder, a right hand batsman and right arm fast bowler. He captained the Indian cricket team when it won the 1983 World Cup. 

Kapil Dev Ramlal Nikhanj was born on 6 January 1959 in Chandigarh, Punjab, India. As a technical bowler, he was known as the "Haryana hurricane". He got a joint man of the match with the Australian cricketer Dean Jones.

## Statistics
Kapil Dev was the captain who led the Indian team to its first World Cup win in 1983. He got 434 wickets and scored 5248 runs with 8 centuries and 27 fifties in test cricket. He got 253 wickets and 3783 runs in ODIs. He is the only player in the history of cricket to have taken more than 400 wickets (434 wickets) and scored more than 5,000 runs in Tests.

## References
Münsingen

**Münsingen** (, Bernese German: *Münsige*)  is a town and municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Trimstein merged into the municipality of Münsingen and On 1 January 2017, the former municipality of Tägertschi merged into the municipality of Münsingen.

The municipality lies on the River Aare between the cities of Bern and Thun.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Müntschemier

**Müntschemier** () is a little municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Homepage of the municipality of Müntschemier 
*
Battle of Shepherdstown

The **Battle of Shepherdstown** (also known as the '''Battle of Boteler's Ford''') was fought on September 19 and 20, 1862. It was the last of four battles that made up the Maryland Campaign of the American Civil War.

## Background 
In early September of 1862, General Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign saw the first invasion of the North by the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. Lee's plan was to win over the citizens of Maryland, a border state, to the Confederate side. A victory in the North could also convince England and France to recognize the Confederate states as a legitimate country. The fourth battle was the Battle of Shepherdstown. He was Lee's chief of artillery. As such he would dispatch various artillery units to other commands. But the odd collection of cannons had several short-range howitzers and a number of  six pounders incapable of reaching the opposite Maryland bluffs. Pendleton also had command of two understrength infantry brigades he stationed along the riverbank. For the rest of the day the two sides remained in their positions on either side of the Potomac. The battle ended in a .

## Notes 
## References
Hekatonkheires

collapse under the boulders thrown by the Hekatonkheires ('The Fall of the Titans'' by Peter Paul Rubens, 1637–1638)]]

The **Hekatonkheires** ( - "Hundred-handed ones") are one of the three races of beings born to Ouranos and Gaia, the primordial gods of the sky and the Earth. Their names are **Kottos** (), **Briareos** () and **Gyges** (). 

The Hekatonkheires received their name because they each have a hundred arms, fifty on each side of their bodies. Despised by their father, the Hekatonkheires were thrown into Tartarus alongside their brothers, the Elder Cyclopes, guarded by the monster Kampê. Many years later, Zeus, alongside his brothers and sisters, freed the Hekatonkheires and the Elder Cyclopes from their prison so that they might help them in their war against the Titans. During the war, the Hekatonkheires threw rocks at Mount Othrys, the Titans' base, reducing the mountain to half its original size. After the Titanomachy, the Titans were cast into Tartarus, and Zeus appointed the Hekatonkheires to be their jailers.
Nidau

**Nidau** is a municipality of the administrative district Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website of the City of Nidau 
* Schlossmuseum Nidau
Niederbipp

**Niederbipp** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the Swiss canton of Bern. On 1 January 2020, the former municipality of Wolfisberg merged into Niederbipp.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Ebbs

**Ebbs** is a small village in the Kufstein district in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is  north of Kufstein at the border with Bavaria, Germany. The village has seven parts. It was mentioned for the first time as *Episas* in 788. Rumors came up that settlement began in the Roman age. The main source of income is tourism but the village also has commuters.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Milos Raonic

**Milos Raonic** (born December 27, 1990) is a Canadian professional tennis player. 

Raonic was born in Titograd, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He moved to Brampton, Ontario, Canada in 1994. He lives in Monte Carlo, Monaco. His uncle is Montenegrin politician Branimir Gvozdenovíc.

Raonic is the most successful Canadian singles player. He turned pro in 2008. He represented Canada at the 2012 Summer Olympics. His world ranking peaked at no. 3 in November 2016. He was the losing finalist of the 2016 Wimbledon Championships.

## References
Abdul Sattar Edhi

**Abdul Sattar Edhi** (Memoni, ; 1 January 1928 – 8 July 2016) was a Pakistani philanthropist, social activist, ascetic, and humanitarian. He was the founder and head of the Edhi Foundation in Pakistan. He ran the organization for 60 years. He was known as **Angel of Mercy**. He was thought to be Pakistan's "most respected" and legendary figure. 

In 2013, *The Huffington Post* said that he might be "the world's greatest living humanitarian."

## References
Eugenie Bouchard

**Eugenie Bouchard** (born February 25, 1994) is a Canadian professional tennis player. She was born in Montreal, Quebec. She lives in Miami Beach, Florida.

Bouchard turned professional in 2009. She was the losing finalist at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. Her world ranking peaked at no.5 later that year.

## References
Niederösch

**Niederösch** was a municipality of the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Niederösch and Oberösch merged into the municipality of Ersigen.
Johnny Barnes

**Johnny Barnes** (born **John James Randolf Adolphus Mills**, June 23, 1923 &ndash; July 9, 2016) was a Bermudian entertainer. He was known for waving to passing traffic at the Foot of the Lane roundabout in Hamilton, Bermuda. He became so loved and well known that the government of Bermuda created a statue of Barnes and be placed in Hamilton. 

Barnes died on July 9, 2016 in Hamilton, aged 93.

## References
Geneviève Castrée

**Geneviève Elverum** (born **Gosselin**; April 9, 1981 – July 9, 2016), also known as **Geneviève Castrée**, was a Canadian comics artist, illustrator, and musician. She was from Loretteville, Quebec. She once recorded under the name **Woelv** and later switched to **Ô PAON**.

Castrée died on 9 July 2016 from pancreatic cancer in Anacortes, Washington, aged 34.

## References
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

The **Angiosperm Phylogeny Group** (**APG**) is an informal international group of botanists who came together to get a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms). They wanted to base it on plant relationships got from phylogeny. Four versions of a classification system have come from this collaboration. They were published in 1998, 2003, 2009 and 2016. Earlier angiosperm classifications were not based on monophyletic groups (i.e., groups that include all the descendants of a common ancestor).

## Principles of the APG system
The principles of the APG's approach to classification were set out in the first paper of 1998, and have remained unchanged in subsequent revisions. Briefly, these are: 

* The Linnean system of orders and families should be kept. 
:"The family is central in flowering plant systematics". Classifying families in orders is a "reference tool of broad utility". Orders are  of particular value in teaching, and in studying family relationships.
* Groups should be monophyletic (i.e. consist of *all* descendants of a common ancestor). 
:The main reason why existing systems are rejected is because they do not have this property. They are not proved to be phylogenetic.
* A limited number of larger orders will be more useful than lots of small orders. 
* Above or parallel to the level of orders and families, the term clades is used more freely. Some clades have later been given formal names. The authors say that it is "not possible, nor is it desirable" to name all clades in a phylogenetic tree. However, systematists need to agree on names for some clades, particularly orders and families, for communication and discussion.

## Phylogenetic nomenclature
For a detailed discussion on phylogenetic nomenclature, see Cantino *et al* 2007. The latest version is APG IV.

## Reference
Greg Rusedski

**Gregory Rusedski** (born 6 September 1973) is a retired Canadian-British tennis player.

Rusedski was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His mother is English. His father was born in Germany and was of Polish and Ukrainian descent.

Rusedski turned pro in 1991 and played for Canada until 1995. From 1995 until his retirement in 2007, he played for Great Britain. He was the losing finalist in the 1997 U.S. Open. His world ranking peaked at no.4 later that year. He was the British number 1 in 1997 and 1999. He competed in the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics.

Rusedski was a contestant on *Dancing on Ice* in 2008. He lives in London.

## References
Neuenegg

**Neuenegg** is a municipality of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
Wolfram Siebeck

**Wolfram Siebeck** (19 September 1928 &ndash; 7 July 2016) was a German journalist, author and food critic. He used to criticize fast food, TV dinners, subsidized agriculture and Intensive animal farming. Siebeck was born in Duisburg.

## References
Mamnoon Hussain

** Mamnoon Hussain** ( ; 23 December 1940 &ndash; 14 July 2021) was a Pakistani businessman, nationalist conservative, and politician. He served as the President of Pakistan from 9 September 2013 to 9 September 2018.

Hussain briefly served as Governor of Sindh in 1999. His term as governor was cut short by the military coup d'état staged in 1999. After the PML(N) secured majority in general elections held in 2013, Hussain was nominated and elected as President of Pakistan on 30 July 2013. He won the election in a landslide victory winning 432 votes to his rival Wajihuddin Ahmed's 77 votes.

In February 2020, Hussain was diagnosed with cancer. He died from the disease on 14 July 2021 at a hospital in Karachi, aged 80.

## References
Silvano Piovanelli

**Silvano Piovanelli** (21 February 1924 &ndash; 9 July 2016) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Florence from 1983 to 2001. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1985. He was born in Borgo San Lorenzo, Kingdom of Italy.

Piovanelli died on 9 July 2016 in Florence, Italy, aged 92.

## References
Sydney Schanberg

**Sydney Hillel Schanberg** (January 17, 1934 &ndash; July 9, 2016) was an American journalist. He was best known for his coverage of the war in Cambodia. He has been the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize in 1976 for his reporting on the war.

Schanberg died on July 9, 2016 in Poughkeepsie, New York on July 9, 2016 from a heart attack, aged 82.

## References
Clinton, Massachusetts

**Clinton** is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 15,428 at the 2020 census.

## References
## Other websites
*Town of Clinton official website
*Clintonmass.com , community website
*''An Extraordinary Town, How one of America's smallest towns shaped the world'' , by A. J. Bastarache
*"A Town Called Clinton" , short film created by former residents Billy and Patrick McNally
*Satellite imagery by Google Local
Anatoli Isayev

**Anatoli Konstantinovich Isayev** (; 14 July 1932 &ndash; 10 July 2016) was a Soviet football player and Soviet and Russian coach. Isayev made his debut for USSR in 1955. He first played against West Germany. He played in the 1958 FIFA World Cup qualifiers but was not selected for the final tournament squad. He was born in Moscow.

Isayev died on 10 July 2016 in Moscow, aged 84.

## References
Sundus Abbas

**Sundus Abbas** () is an Iraqi activist for women's rights. She is the executive director of the Women's Leadership Institute in Baghdad. In 2007, Abbas received the International Women of Courage Award.

Abbas teaches women about government and making decisions.

Abbas is from the Iraqi Turkmen ethnic group. In 2016 she represented the Turkmen people at a meeting at the European Parliament.

## Awards 
* Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Award from the International Republican Institute (2011)
* International Women of Courage Award (2007)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Interview with Abbas in 2011 (translated to English)
Aziza Siddiqui

**Aziza Siddiqui** is a human rights activist from Afghanistan. In 2007, Siddiqui received the International Women of Courage Award.

## Life 
Aziza Siddiqui was born in Afghanistan.  When she was 8 years old, her family moved to Pakistan because of war. In 2003 she returned to Afghanistan.

## Work 
In Afghanistan, Siddiqui worked with Action Aid, an Afghan NGO. She talked to men about women making decisions. Villages got $50 if they had a man in the council to make decisions. If they also had a woman in the council, they got $100. 

After Siddiqui traveled to Washington D.C. to receive the award, her family told her to stay in the U.S. They said it was not safe to go back to Afghanistan.  In 2008, Siddiqui worked as a case worker for BIAS, Bi-lingual International Assistant Services in St. Louis.  She worked with immigrants. She also worked as an interpreter for the International Institute.

## References
Shatha Abdul Razzak Abbousi

**Shatha Abdul Razzak Abbousi** (Arabic: شذى عبد الرزاق عبوسي ) is an Iraqi politician.  She is a representative in the Iraqi Council of Representatives. In 2007 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

## Life 
Abbousi was born in Baghdad on September 9, 1964.  She went to primary and secondary school in Mosel.  In 2005 she received a bachelor's degree from the University of Baghdad. She became a member of the Iraqi Parliament in 2006.

## References
Alfred G. Knudson

**Alfred George Knudson, Jr.** M.D., Ph.D. (August 9, 1922 &ndash; July 10, 2016) was an American geneticist. He worked in cancer genetics. He was known for the formulation of the Knudson hypothesis in 1971. It explains the effects of mutation on carcinogenesis (the development of cancer).

Knudson died on July 10, 2016 at his home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from a long-illness at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Oncology Luminaries: Dr. Alfred G. Knudson 
* Interview on March 5, 2013
* Commentary on Alfred G. Knudson, Jr.
Jacques Rouffio

**Jacques Rouffio** (14 August 1928 &ndash; 8 July 2016) was a French movie director and screenwriter. His 1986 movie *My Brother-in-law Killed My Sister* was entered into the 36th Berlin International Film Festival.

Rouddio died on 8 July 2016 in Paris, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa

**Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa** (), ComSE, GCIH (born 12 December 1948) is a Portuguese politician. A member of the  Social Democratic Party, he has been the President of Portugal since 9 March 2016. 

## References
Vaughn Harper

**Vaughn Harper** (March 7, 1945 &ndash; July 9, 2016) was an American broadcast announcer and DJ. In 1976, Harper became a nighttime Radio DJ for WBLS (107.5 FM) in New York City. He was known for his soft voice so he was nicknamed "the Quiet Storm". He was an active basketball broadcaster for small teams.

Harper died from complications of diabetes on July 9, 2016 in Syracuse, New York, aged 71.

## References
Harold A. Linstone

**Harold Adrian Linstone** (June 15, 1924 &ndash; July 8, 2016) was a German-born American mathematician, consultant, futurist and University Professor Emeritus of Systems Science at Portland State University and a specialist in applied mathematics. He was born in Hamburg.

Linstone was editor-in-chief of the professional journal "Technological Forecasting and Social Change", which he founded in 1969.

Linstone died on July 8, 2016 in Portland, Oregon, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* Harold A. Linstone  on www.isss.org.
* The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications online.
Manuel Alegre

**Manuel Alegre de Melo Duarte**, GCL (born 12 May 1936) is a Portuguese poet and politician. He is a member of the Socialist Party. He was a candidate to the Portuguese presidential election, 2006. He was a presidential candidate, in the 2011 presidential election, this time being backed up by the Left Bloc and the Socialist Party.

## References
Simone Veil

**Simone Veil**, DBE (; 13 July 1927 &ndash; 30 June 2017) was a French lawyer and politician. She served as Minister of Health under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of the European Parliament and member of the Constitutional Council of France.

She was awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion D'Honneur in 2012.

She was of Jewish descent and survived the Holocaust.

Veil died in Paris on 30 June 2017, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
United States Deputy Attorney General

The **United States deputy attorney general** (**DAG**) is the second-highest-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice.

The deputy attorney general acts as attorney general during the absence of the attorney general. The position was created in 1950.

## List of deputy attorneys general 
## References
Pteraspid

**Pteraspids** were early agnathan vertebrates. They lived from later Silurian to the end of the Devonian. Fossils are found in Europe and North America.

The whole group has the head and front of the body armoured. Delicate, finger-like parts of the plates were at the edges of the mouth. This suggests they were filter feeders taking plankton from the water column.

## References
António Ramalho Eanes

**António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes**, GColL GCL GColTE CavA (; born 25 January 1935) is a Portuguese general and politician. He was the 16th President of Portugal from 1976 to 1986.

## Other websites
*Biography in Portuguese
FreeThe20 campaign

**FreeThe20** is a campaign to call attention to women who are political prisoners around the world.  The campaign names twenty women who are imprisoned unjustly. Samantha Power, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, started the campaign for the twentieth anniversary of the Beijing Declaration.

The reason for the campaign was to tell governments to stop putting women in prison, and to tell the women and their families that they are not alone.   There were twenty names of women in twenty days, one for every year since the Beijing Declaration. 

In September 2015, a bipartisan "#FreeThe20" bill was introduced to the U.S Senate.  All twenty women senators of the two political parties supported the bill.  They said,
::"As 20 women serving in the United States Senate we stand unified in calling on governments to recognize the universal human rights of women and to release women who have been imprisoned unjustly for exercising those rights." 

## Names of the women 
For status of the women updated to the end of the Powers' term as Secretary of State, see #FreeThe20 Women Political Prisoners and Prisoners of Concern Campaign .
 
*Day 20: Rasha Chorbaji, Syria 
*Day 19: Ta Phong Tan, Vietnam 
*Day 18: Women Political Prisoners, North Korea
*Day 17: Nadiya Savchenko, Ukraine/Russia 
*Day 16: Naw Ohn Hla, Burma 
*Day 15: Sanaa Seif, Egypt 
*Day 14: Judge María Lourdes Afiuni Mora, Venezuela
*Day 13: Bui Thi Minh Hang, Vietnam 
*Day 12: Liu Xia, China
*Day 11: Phyoe Phyoe Aung, Burma 
*Day 10: Leyla Yunus, Azerbaijan 
*Day 9: Matlyuba Kamilova, Uzbekistan
*Day 8: Aster Yohannes, Eritrea
*Day 7: Gao Yu, China 
*Day 4-6: Blen Mesfin, Meron Alemayehu, and Nigist Wondifraw, Ethiopia
*Day 3: Bahareh Hedayat, Iran
*Day 2: Khadija Ismayilova, Azerbaijan 
*Day 1: Wang Yu, China

## Still detained 
The following women are still imprisoned (updated March 2017):

* Aster Yohannes, Eritrea
* Liu Xia, China, under house arrest as soon as Chinese literary critic Liu Xiaobo's Nobel Peace Prize was announced in October 2010
* María Lourdes Afiuni Mora, Venezuela
* Matlyuba Kamilova, Uzbekistan

## Released 
The following women have been released (alphabetical):
* Bahareh Hedayat, Iran, release published 09/05/16 
* Blen Mesfin, Ethiopia, released December 2016
* Bui Thi Minh Hang (Vietnamese Bùi Thị Minh Hằng), Vietnam, released Feb. 11, 2017
* Gao Yu, China, released from prison in November of 2015.
* Nadiya Savchenko, Ukraine/Russia, released from prison on May 25, 2016.
* Sanaa Seif, Egypt,  released from prison on September 23, 2015 but reimprisoned May 2016.  She was re-released November 16, 2016.

## Other websites 
*Free the 20 Campaign on Flickr 
* hashtag on Twitter 
*Text of #FreeThe20 bill in the U.S. Senate 

## References
Dith Pran

**Dith Pran** (; September 27, 1942&nbsp;– March 30, 2008) was a Cambodian photojournalist. He was best known as a refugee and survivor of the Cambodian genocide.

## Death
Pran died on March 30, 2008 in New Brunswick, New Jersey from pancreatic cancer, aged 65.

## References
Niederried bei Kallnach

**Niederried bei Kallnach** was a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Niederried bei Kallnach merged into the municipality of Kallnach.
Vindhyas

The **Vindhyas** is a mountain range in west-central India. According to hindu traditions, The vindhya range is the place where Goddess Durga lives.

The highest point of the Vindhyas is the Sad-bhawna Shikhar ("Goodwill Peak").

## Other websites
*Vindhya Range; Encyclopædia Britannica
Niederstocken

**Niederstocken** was a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Niederstocken, Höfen and Oberstocken merged into the new municipality of Stocken-Höfen.
Nods, Switzerland

**Nods** is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Noflen

**Noflen** was a municipality of the Swiss canton of Bern. It is in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district. On 1 January 2018, the former municipalities of Gelterfingen, Mühledorf and Noflen merged into the municipality of Kirchdorf.

## References
Antiarchi

The **Antiarchi**  is an order of heavily armored placoderms. The antiarchs were the second-most successful group of placoderms (after the arthrodires) in terms of numbers of species and range of environments.  

The front part of their bodies were heavily armoured. The rear parts were sometimes scaled, sometimes naked. The pectoral fins were modified.  In primitive forms, such as *Yunnanolepis*, the limbs were thick and short, while in advanced forms, such as *Bothriolepis*, the limbs were long and had elbow-like joints. Probably they helped the fish pull themselves across the substrate, or allow their owners to bury themselves into the substrate.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Review of Antiarcha at Paleos
Jens, Switzerland

**Jens** is a municipality in the administrative district Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
Robert E. Cooper Sr.

**Robert E. Cooper, Sr.** (October 14, 1920  July 11, 2016) was an American judge. He was a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1974 until his retirement in 1990. Cooper was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He was a former chairman of the Tennessee Judicial Council. He has served on the Sixth Judicial Circuit (1953–1960) and Tennessee Court of Appeals (1960–1974).

Cooper, Sr. died in Chattanooga, Tennessee on July 11, 2016, aged 95.

## References
Odette Krempin

**Princess Odette Maniema Krempin** (October 30, 1973) is an Congolese entrepreneur. She was a former honorary consul of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Frankfurt am Main. She was a member of the Kuba Kingdom. She was born in Maniema, Zaire.

Krempin disappeared in 2014 while being sought for questioning by Belgian police in the Duferco corruption scandal.

## References
Racine, Wisconsin

**Racine** ( ) or ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Root River.  Racine is centrally located between Milwaukee and Chicago. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the city had a population of 77,816.

## References
Heidi Alexander

**Heidi Alexander** (born 17 April 1975) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lewisham East since the 2010 general election. She was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Health on 13 September 2015. She resigned from the shadow cabinet on 26 June 2016.

## References
Gloria de Piero

**Gloria De Piero** (born 21 December 1972) is a British Labour Party politician and journalist. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ashfield since 2010. She was last known for her work on *GMTV*.

After serving as a shadow minister from October 2010, De Piero was promoted to the shadow cabinet in 2013 as Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities. In 2015 she was appointed Shadow Minister for Young People and Voter Registration. She resigned that position on 26 June 2016.
Ian Murray (Scottish politician)

**Ian Murray** (born 10 August 1976) is a British Labour Party politician. He has represented Edinburgh South as Member of Parliament (MP) since the 2010 general election.

## References
Angela Eagle

**Angela Eagle** (born 17 February 1961) is a British Labour Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wallasey since the 1992 general election. 

Eagle is openly lesbian. She came out in a newspaper interview in September 1997.

## References
John McDonnell

**John Martin McDonnell** MP (born 8 September 1951) is a British Labour Party politician. He was appointed the Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in September 2015. He became the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hayes and Harlington at the 1997 general election.

## References
## Other websites
*John McDonnell MP *official constituency website*
*John4Leader  *official 2007 Leader campaign website*
*John McDonnell, Labour MP for Hayes & Harlington  *official 2010 Leader campaign website*
*
*Website  at ePolitix
*Public Services Not Private Profit 
*
*
*
*Speech by John McDonnell during Modern Slavery Bill debate in the House of Commons
Sylvia Mathews Burwell

**Sylvia Mathews Burwell** (born June 23, 1965) served as the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2014 to 2017. Previously she was the Director of the White House Office of Management and Budget from 2013 to 2014.

She was nominated by President Barack Obama on April 11, 2014, to the position of the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services after Kathleen Sebelius resigned. Burwell's nomination was confirmed by the Senate on June 5, 2014 by a vote of 78-17.

## References
## Other websites
* Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 
* Health & Science 
* Walmart Foundation
Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon

**Angela Evans Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon** (born 7 January 1959) is a Labour Co-operative politician from England. She was Member of Parliament (MP) for Basildon from 1997 until losing her seat to the Conservatives at the 2010 General Election. 

Smith was a Minister of State in the Cabinet Office, incorporating the offices of Minister for the Third Sector and Minister for Social Exclusion.

Following the Labour Party's landslide victory in the 2024 general election, Baroness Basildon was appointed as Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 July.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* Angela Smith: Electoral history and profile  The Guardian
* Angela Smith MP TheyWorkForYou.com
* Voting Record – Angela Smith MP The Public Whip
Emily Thornberry

**Emily Anne Thornberry** MP (born 27 July 1960) is a British Labour Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Islington South and Finsbury since the 2005 general election. She was the Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Shadow First Secretary of State under the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn.

In December 2019, Thornberry launched her leadership campaign for the 2020 Labour Party leadership race. She was eliminated from the race on February 14, 2020.

## References
## Other websites
*
Lilian Greenwood

**Lilian Rachel Greenwood** (born 26 March 1966) is a British Labour Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Nottingham South since 2010.

## References
Sally Beauman

**Sally Beauman** (25 July 1944 &ndash; 7 July 2016) was an English journalist and writer. She was the author of eight widely translated and best-selling novels. She was known for re-writing William Shakespeare plays. She was known for writing the 1987 novel *Destiny*. She also wrote ''Rebecca's Tale* and *The Landscape of Love''.

Beauman died of pneumonia on 7 July 2016 at a London hospital in her sleep, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
*Sally Beauman's top 10 novels with a powerful sense of place, *The Guardian*
*Linda Grant's review of Rebecca's Tale''
Kerry McCarthy

**Kerry Gillian McCarthy** (born 26 March 1965) is a British Labour Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol East since 2005 and  was the Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from September 2015 to June 2016.

## References
Seema Malhotra

**Seema Malhotra** (born 7 August 1972) is a British Labour and Co-operative Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Feltham and Heston since a by-election was held following the death of Alan Keen in 2011. 

## References
Lucy Powell

**Lucy Maria Powell** (born 10 October 1974) is a British Labour and Co-operative politician and Member of Parliament for Manchester Central in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. She has been the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party since 2025.

She was first elected at the Manchester Central by-election in November 2012. In September 2015 she was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Education in Jeremy Corbyn's shadow cabinet, but resigned in June 2016.

In the aftermath of the Labour Party’s landslide victory in 2024 general election, Powell was appointed the Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council by the new Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 July.

Powell put her name forward as  a candidate for the deputy leadership of the Labour Party on 9 September 2025. She beat Bridget Phillipson on 25 October 2025, winning the election with 54.3% of the vote.

## References
Vernon Coaker

**Vernon Rodney Coaker** (born 17 June 1953) is a British Labour Party politician. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gedling since 1997.

He also served as the Minister of State for Schools from 2009 to 2010, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence from 2013 to 2015 and Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland from October 2011 to October 2013, and again from September 2015 until his resignation in June 2016 from the Shadow Cabinet.

## References
## Other websites
* Vernon Coaker website
Charles Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton

**Charles Leslie **"**Charlie**"** Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton**,  (born 19 November 1951) is a British Labour peer and barrister.

Falconer became the Lord Chancellor and the first Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs in 2003 under Prime Minister Tony Blair. He was the first Secretary of State for Justice in a 2007 reorganization and enlargement of the portfolio of the Department for Constitutional Affairs. He held this role for over a month until Gordon Brown became Prime Minister in June 2007. 

Falconer was replaced by Jack Straw. He was named Shadow Justice Secretary under the acting leadership of Harriet Harman, and continued in this role after the election of Jeremy Corbyn as leader of the party, until he resigned on 26 June 2016.

## References
Steve Bassam, Baron Bassam of Brighton

**John Steven Bassam, Baron Bassam of Brighton**, PC (born 11 June 1953) is a British Labour and Co-operative politician and member of the House of Lords.

On 8 July 2009 he was made a Privy Councillor.

## References
John Chilcot

**Sir John Chilcot**, GCB PC (; 22 April 1939 &ndash; 3 October 2021) was a British Privy Counsellor and civil servant. He was the chairman of the Iraq Inquiry.

## Iraq Inquiry
His appointment as chairman of an inquiry into the events surrounding the March 2003 invasion of Iraq and its aftermath was announced in June 2009.

## Other interests
He was president of Britain's independent policing think tank, The Police Foundation.

## Honors
His honours included CB (1990), KCB (1994), and GCB (1998). He became a Privy Counsellor in 2004, and was a member of the Butler Review. He acted as "staff counsellor" to MI5 and MI6 from 1999 to 2004, "dealing with private and personal complaints from members of the intelligence services about their work and conditions".

## Death
Chilcot died from kidney disease on 3 October 2021, at the age of 82.

## References