open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Amor Prohibido

***Amor Prohibido*** () is the name of Selena's fifth studio album. *Amor Prohibido* is known as one of the biggest-selling Latin album of all time, being certified by the RIAA for shipping 2 million copies. The album had four number-one singles on the *Billboard* Hot Latin Tracks chart, the only Spanish album by a female to do so.

## Track listing
## Personnel
*Chris Pérez, Henry Gomez - Guitar
*Rafael Garza, Rene Gasca - Trumpet
*Gilbert Garza- Trombone
*Johnny Saenz- Accordion
*Selena - Vocals
*Ricky Vela, Joe Ojeda - Keyboards
*A.B. Quintanilla III - Bass
*Suzette Quintanilla - Drums
*Stephanie Lynn- Background Vocals
*Rick Alvarez - Background Vocals
*Rock 'N' Roll James - Background Vocals

## Charts
**Album**

## Certifications 
**Notes**
Note that RIAA has launched its Oro y De Platino certification scheme for those albums the 50% of the content of which are in Spanish, initially, the award-levels for Oro y De Platino were: Gold=100,000 and Platinum=200,000. In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.

## Tour 
The **Amor Prohibido Tour** was the final concert tour for American singer Selena. The tour grossed over $60 million. In February 1995, Selena performed at the Houston Astrodome. She performed to the record-breaking audience of over 60,000 fans. This was more than country singers such as George Strait, Vince Gill and Reba McEntire.

## References
Melton Mowbray

**Melton Mowbray** is a town in Leicestershire, England. Its Market days date back over 1000 years.

## References
Cliburn

**Cliburn** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 204 people living in Cliburn. It has a church called St Cuthbert's Church.

## References 
## Other websites 
* http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Town_or_Village/location.php?url=cliburn
Aldham

**Aldham** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2005, there were 200 people living in Aldham.  It is around eight miles west of Ipswich.

## References
Cowboys from Hell

***Cowboys from Hell*** is Pantera's fifth album and their first Atco Records album. It was recorded at The Dallas Sound Lab in Irving, Texas and released on July 24, 1990. This was their first commercially successful album, exposing the band's groove metal style to mainstream audiences.

## Track listing
## Personnel 
* Philip Anselmo – lead vocals
* Diamond Darrell – guitar, backing vocals
* Rex – bass, backing vocals
* Vinnie Paul – drums
* Produced, Engineered, and Mixed by Terry Date and Pantera
* Assistant Engineer - Matt Lane
* Mastered by Howie Weinberg at Masterdisk, New York City.

## Other websites
*
Polstead

**Polstead** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 808 people living in Polstead. It is famous for the **Red Barn Murder** that happened there in 1827. It includes the hamlets of Mill Street, Polstead Heath, Hadleigh Heath, Bower House Tye and Whitestreet Green.

## Red Barn Murder 
s on the roof that were made of red clay. These tiles can be seen on the left of the picture, over the main door.]]
The Red Barn Murder was a murder (killing) that happened in Polstead in 1827. A man named William Corder  his lover, Maria Marten. The Red Barn was a local landmark. Marten and Corder were going to meet at the barn and then elope to (run away and get married) Ipswich. Corder ran away to London and married another woman. He sent Marten's family letters that said that Maria was happy and healthy.

Maria Marten's mother had dreams about the murder. In the dreams, Maria's ghost pointed to where she was buried in the barn. On April 19, 1828, Maria's body was found in a  (a bag) in a bin for holding grain. The London police found Corder and arrested him. They also found two pistols that he had bought the day of the murder.

The trial started on August 7, 1828. It was held at Shire Hall in Bury St Edmunds. William Corder was charged with killing Maria Marten by shooting and  her. He was sentenced to death by hanging. The judge ordered that after he was dead his body was to be dissected.

William Corder died on August 11, 1828 just before noon. He was hanged at the gallows in Bury St Edmunds. Many people showed up to see him die. One newspaper said there were 7,000 people who showed up. Another newspaper said there were 20,000. After he was dead, the body was taken back to the courtroom. More than 5,000 people came to the courtroom to see Corder's body. His body was dissected the next day. His skeleton was put on display in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. In 2004, it was taken down and cremated.

## References
Worldwatch Institute

The **Worldwatch Institute** is an environmental organization based in Washington, D.C.  It helps to tell people who make policy and the public about the world economy and the environment. 

Worldwatch Institute publications include The State of the World report, which is about urgent global environmental problems and new ideas for fixing them.

## History
* 1974—The institute was founded by Lester Brown.
* 1975—The first *Worldwatch Paper* was published.
* 1984—First State of the World published.
* 1988—*World Watch Magazine* was launched.
* 1992—*Vital Signs*, Worldwatch's third annual series, was started.
* 2000—Christopher Flavin became President of Worldwatch in October.
* 2008—Worldwatch hosted the 20th Anniversary of the James Hansen hearings.
* 2011—Robert Engelman became President of Worldwatch in October.

## References
Quantum gravity

**Quantum gravity** is an area of research in physics. Right now, physics can describe gravity of real-life-sized objects using general relativity. Physicists can also describe the universe on a microscopic scale with quantum mechanics. The goal of quantum gravity is to develop a theory that contains both general relativity and quantum mechanics. However, combining the theories of the big and the small is very difficult in practice. 

Physicists are working on several ways to write down a theory of quantum gravity. One approach is to search for a unified field theory. Physicists also try to develop theories at an even more fundamental level, like string theory, loop quantum gravity, or other methods, to find out why our current theories of gravity and quantum mechanics cannot be combined.
The Color of Money (movie)

***The Color of Money*** is a 1986 American sports drama movie about pool players. It was released in 1986. The movie stars Paul Newman, Tom Cruise, and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio. Martin Scorsese was the director. It is the sequel to *The Hustler*. Newman won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, his first Oscar win after eight nominations, seven of them for Best Actor.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Love Will Tear Us Apart

"**Love Will Tear Us Apart**" is a song by the British post-punk band Joy Division. released in 1980 it is their most famous and well Known song by them
Unknown Pleasures

***Unknown Pleasures*** is English post-punk band Joy Division's first album. It was released in 1979 through Factory Records. Martin Hannett produced the record at Strawberry Studios, Stockport, England
Closer (Joy Division album)

***Closer*** is the second and final album by post-punk band Joy Division. It was released on , two months after the suicide of lead singer Ian Curtis.
Asphalt

pitch drop experiment, with Professor John Mainstone. Photo taken in 1990, two years after the seventh drop and 10&nbsp;years before the eighth drop fell]]

**Asphalt**, or **bitumen**,  is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid, composed almost entirely of petroleum.  It is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits. It is the material which made the La Brea tar pits.

Its main use is in road construction. Mixed with "aggregate" (sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc.) it makes a good road surface. It has various other names: pitch, tarmac, blacktop, asphalt concrete, asphalt pavement (US), all mean roughly the same thing.

Asphalt which is liquid is often called tar. Tar is also used for plant resin. Solid asphalt is often called pitch. 

Although  a block of asphalt or pitch can look like a solid, it still flows, but very slowly. There have been a few "pitch experiments" to see how long it takes for a drip to form and drop off a block of apparently solid pitch.

## Related pages 
* Tar

## References
Sonny Fox

**Irwin "Sonny" Fox** (June 17, 1925 – January 24, 2021) was an American television host, executive, and broadcasting consultant. He was the fourth full-time host of the children's television program, *Wonderama*.

Fox died on January 24, 2021 from COVID-19 in Los Angeles, aged 95.

## References
Unsportsmanlike conduct

**Unsportsmanlike conduct** (or **unsporting behaviour**, or **ungentlemanly conduct**) describes a kind of action by professional sportspeople. It is when a player or team acts during the game in a way  that is not professional or is offensive. It is different to cheating or breaking the rules. Unsportsmanlike conduct is something most players and fans dislike. The official rules of many sports include a rule so that a referee can call unsportsmanlike conduct on a team or player. There may be a fine or penalty.

## References
Rikuzentakata, Iwate

is a city in Iwate, Japan.

The 2010 census counted 23,302 people living in the city. (2005 showed 24,709). The city was founded on January 1, 1955. Much of the city was heavily damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

## Geography
The area of the city is 232.29&nbsp;km² and the population density is 100 people per km².

## Politics and government 
The mayor of the city is Futoshi Toba.

## Industry
As of 2011, oyster farming produced ¥40 million in annual sales for the city.

## Transportation 
There is one railroad line with six stations in Rikuzentakata.
* JR East
** **Ōfunato Line**: Rikuzen-Yahagi Station, Takekoma Station, Rikuzen-Takata Station, Wakinosawa Station, Otomo Station

## 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami effects 
Rikuzentakata was reported to have been "wiped off the map" by the tsunami following the Tōhoku earthquake. According to the police, every building smaller than three stories high has been completely flooded. Buildings taller than three stories were partially flooded. At the city hall, water also reached as high as the third floor.

On 14 March, a BBC report showed a picture of the town. The report described the city as "almost completely flattened." Reporters could not tell how many people had survived. The city did have tsunami shelters. The shelters were designed to protect people from a wave 3 to 4 meters tall. However, the tsunami of March 2011 was 13 meters high in the city. The wave covered the areas that were supposed to be safe.  Local officials estimate that 20% to 40% of the cities people died. "Rikuzen-Takata effectively no longer exists." The city had a 6.5 meter high seawall, but it was not enough. More than 80% of 8,000 houses were destroyed by the tsunami.

As of 3 April 2011, 1,000 people from the town were confirmed dead with 1,300 still missing.

Sixty-eight city officials, about one-third of the city's municipal employees, were killed. The town's mayor, Futoshi Toba, was at work at the city hall and survived. His wife was at their seaside home and she died.

## Takata-matsubara
 is part of the coastline, two kilometers long. About seventy thousand pine trees used to grow there. After the 2011 tsunami only one tree was still there. A single, ten-meter tall, two hundred year-old tree is all that is left from the forest. The tree is only five meters from the sea and may be damaged by too much salt. The Association for the Protection of Takata-Matsubara along with the city and prefectural governments are trying to protect the last pine tree.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  Rikuzentakata official website
*Gala day procession with floats, August 2010 Five videos available in this series
*The tsumani sweeping over Rikuzentakata
*Al Jazeera report on Rikuzentakata after the waters receded
*Rikuzentata as the rescue begins Mark Willacy reports for ABC News
*Tsunami Damage, Rikuzentakata (March 2011) Before-and-after thermal satellite images from NASA
*The floodgate that didn't work to stop the tsunami BBC report on the failure of the Rikuzentakata floodgates
Alpheton

**Alpheton** is a village and civil parish on the A134 road in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 242 people living in Alpheton.

## References
Scunthorpe

**Scunthorpe** is a town near the M180 motorway and the M181 motorway in Lincolnshire, England. The ending of the name in *thorpe* meaning *new village* in Norse, show it was a Viking settlement.

Scunthorpe is often referred to as an Industrial Garden town.

Scunthorpe has a population of approximately 80,000 people.

Scunthorpe is famous for its steelworks.

The football team is called Scunthorpe United. https://www.scunthorpe-united.co.uk/

## References
Downham Market

**Downham Market** is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 6,730 people living in Downham Market.

## References
Wonderama

***Wonderama*** was a long-running children's television program. It appeared on Metromedia-owned stations from 1955 to 1986. The show was made at  WNEW-TV in New York City.

*Wonderama* also was run in five other markets in which Metromedia owned television stations, including WTTG in Washington D.C., KMBC-TV in Kansas City, KTTV in Los Angeles, WXIX-TV in Cincinnati and WTCN-TV in Minneapolis – Saint Paul. The show ran three hours long, and later two hours on Sunday mornings.

## Hosts
*Al Hodge (as Captain Video 1955 - 1956)
*Jon Gnagy (mid late 1950s)
*Sandy Becker (1955–56)
*Pat Meikle (co-hosting from 1955 to 1956)
*Herb Sheldon (1956–1958)
*Bill Britten (best known as New York's Bozo the Clown, co-host in 1958)
*Doris Faye (co-host in 1958)
*Sonny Fox (1959–1967)
*Bob McAllister (1967–1977)
* A documentary hosted by teens (1980–1985)

## The Bob McAllister years
Despite the frequent turnover of hosts throughout the 1950s, *Wonderama* experienced its greatest viewership by way of one-time Baltimore kids' show host Bob McAllister, who replaced Sonny Fox as host in 1967 and remained host until 1977.

Each show's taping included *(but was not necessarily limited to)* education, music, audience participation, games, interviews and cartoon shorts.  
Each week, audience members received a package of parting gifts with some items, including:
*An Oral-B toothbrush
*An issue of Dynamite Magazine or Golden Magazine
*A supply of Good Humor ice cream
*A box of Hostess Twinkies
*A 6-pack of RC Cola
*A tube of Hold! cough lozenges
*A package of Fruit Stripe Gum
*A gift certificate for Burger King or McDonald's
*A pack of Lender's Bagelettes.*(Each child also got a necklace made from a Lenders Bagelette which had either their name or their last initial painted on it.)*
*A 45 record of one of the music artists who performed on the Wonderama episode each week.

McAllister  sang the program's closing theme song. It was called *Kids Are People Too* ("wacka-doo, wacka-doo, wacka-doo"). This later became the show's title when it moved to ABC on Sunday mornings.

Many stars from all genres of entertainment (music, movies, television, etc.) appeared on *Wonderama*, including:
*The Sylvers
*ABBA
*Jerry Lewis
*Jodie Foster
*Paul Lynde
*Muhammad Ali
*Joe Frazier
*José Feliciano
*The Jackson 5
*The cast of Monty Python
*The Amazing Randi
*Wolfman Jack
*Lena Zavaroni
*..and numerous others.

## 1980 revival
Beginning in 1980, a documentary/magazine show for children (and hosted by teens) ran on Sunday mornings on WNEW-TV.  While this show maintained the *Wonderama* title, the show itself was nothing like the kids festival that it once was.  This hour-long incarnation ran until 1983; reruns edited to 30 minutes aired from 1984 to 1986 on WNEW-TV/WNYW on Saturday mornings.

## Other websites
*
*YouTube Video of "Snake Cans" game.
*Metacafe Video of Ali vs. Frazier Marble championship.
Colby, Cumbria

**Colby** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 120 people living in Colby.

## References
Foxearth

**Foxearth** is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 303 people living in Foxearth.

## References
Wincanton

**Wincanton** is a town near the A303 road in Somerset, England. In 2001 there were 4,639 people living in Wincanton.

## References
Coordination complex

, PtCl2(NH3)2A platinum atom with four ligands]]
, another example of a chemical complex.]]
A **coordination complex** are molecular compounds which are formed by the combination of two or more simple salt and which retain their identity in solid as well as in aqueous form.

Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi won Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2025 for study on coordination chemistry and metal-organic flamework.

## Related pages 
*Coordination bonds
Denis Diderot

**Denis Diderot** (; 5 October 1713 – 31 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic and writer. He was a known figure during the Enlightenment. He is best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor and contributor to the *Encyclopédie* along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. Born into a noble, Catholic family, in later years he rebelled, becoming an Atheist. 

Diderot died from pulmonary thrombosis in Paris, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
Northbourne

**Northbourne** is a village and civil parish near Deal in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 793 people living in Northbourne.

## References
Civil parish

A **civil parish** is a type of local government. In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation and lowest tier of local government.

## Other websites
* National Association of Local Councils (UK)
Encyclopédie

***Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers*** () was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772. The full title was ''Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, par une société de gens de lettres, mis en ordre par M. Diderot de l'Académie des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Prusse, et quant à la partie mathématique, par M. d'Alembert de l'Académie royale des Sciences de Paris, de celle de Prusse et de la Société royale de Londres.* 

The *Encyclopédie* was the first encyclopedia to include contributions from many people, and it was the first to include applied science and engineering. Still, the *Encyclopédie* is famous above all for representing the thought of the Enlightenment. According to Denis Diderot in the article "Encyclopédie", the *Encyclopédie'*s aim was "to change the way people think."

The *Encyclopédie'' was conceived as a translation of Ephraim Chambers's *Cyclopaedia* (1728). In 1743, the translation was given by the Parisian book publisher André Le Breton to John Mills, an Englishman living in France. In May 1745, Le Breton announced the work as available for sale, but Mills had not done the work. Le Breton beat Mills with a cane. Mills sued for assault, but Le Breton was set free because he was justified. For his new editor, Le Breton chose mathematician Jean Paul de Gua de Malves. In August 1747, Gua de Malves was fired for being a poor leader. Le Breton then hired Diderot and Jean d'Alembert as the new editors. Diderot would remain editor for the next twenty-five years, seeing the *Encyclopédie* through to completion.

## Contributors
Many of the most noted figures of the French Enlightenment contributed to the *Encyclopédie*, including Voltaire, Rousseau, and Baron d'Holbach. The most prolific contributor wrote 17,266 articles, or about eight per day, between 1759 and 1765.

## Statistics
Approximate size of the *Encyclopédie*:

* 17 volumes of articles, issued from 1751 to 1765
* 11 volumes of illustrations, issued from 1762 to 1772
* 18,000 pages of text
* 75,000 entries
**44,000 main articles
**28,000 secondary articles
**2,500 illustration indices
* 20,000,000 words in total

Print run: 4,250 copies (note: even single-volume works in the 18th Century seldom had a print run of more than 1,500 copies)

## Quotes
* "If exclusive privileges were not granted, and if the financial system would not tend to concentrate wealth, there would be few great fortunes and no quick wealth.  When the means of growing rich is divided between a greater number of citizens, wealth will also be more evenly distributed; extreme poverty and extreme wealth would be also rare." (Wealth article, Diderot)

## References
## Other websites
Robert Blake (actor)

**Robert Blake** (born **Michael James Vincenzo Gubitosi**; September 18, 1933 – March 9, 2023), was an American actor. In 1975, he won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.

## Early life
Robert Blake was born Michael James Gubitosi in Nutley, New Jersey, on September 18, 1933. His family were entertainers. His family moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1938 to focus on their career.

Blake had an unhappy childhood in which he was abused by his alcoholic father. He said that he was physically and sexually abused by both of his parents while growing up. At age 14, he ran away from home.

## Career 
Robert Blake began his acting career as a child in dozens short films as *Joy Scouts* (1939), ''Captain Spanky's Show Boat* (1939), *The Big Premiere* (1940), *Good Bad Boys* (1940), and the Oscar-winning short film *Main Street on the March!* (1941). As an adult, Blake he began to play small roles in films like *The Black Rose* (1950) with Tyrone Power and  directed by Henry Hathaway, *The Veils of Bagdad* (1953) with Victor Mature, *Three Violent People* (1956) with Charlton Heston, *Pork Chop Hill* (1959) with Gregory Peck. He also had a role in *The Greatest Story Ever Told* (1965), playing the role of Simon the Zealot. Robert Blake shot to fame when playing Perry in the film *In Cold Blood* (1967) based on the book by Truman Capote, and directed by Richard Brooks. Another performance was playing a deranged police officer motorized in *Electra Glide in Blue* (1973) for this film Blake was nominated for a Golden Globe.

## Television 
Robert Blake has had a long and successful career in television. His great works include *Baretta* as Det. Tony Baretta. Robert Blake played for 82 episodes broadcast between 1975 and 1978. Blake won a prestigious Emmy Award in 1975 and was nominated again in 1977 and also won Golden Globe in 1975 for *Baretta''.

Another of his works on television was his portrayal of James Riddle 'Jimmy' Hoffa in *Blood Feud* (1983) directed by Mike Newell, for which he was nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe in 1983. One of his last television appearances was in *Judgment Day: The John List Story* (1993) directed by Bobby Roth, he plays the true story of a religious fanatic who kills his family. This role was one of his best performances and earned him a nomination for an Emmy in 1993.

## Murder trial
In March 2005, Blake was tried and acquitted of the 2001 murder of his second wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley. In November 2005, he was found liable in a California civil court for her wrongful death.

## References 
## More readings
**LIFE* 12 January 1968 
**Stephen J. Cannell Television Productions: A History of All Series and Pilots* by Jon Abbott

## Other websites 
*
*
*
*
Stanstead, Suffolk

**Stanstead** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 316 people living in Stanstead.

## References
Cavendish, Suffolk

**Cavendish** is a village and civil parish in St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 922 people living in Cavendish.

## References
Rose Green

**Rose Green** is a hamlet in Lindsey, Babergh, Suffolk, England.

Rose Green has five listed buildings.
*A barn owned by Mr D Nesbitt
*Chapel Farmhouse
*Chapel of St James
*A cottage
*White Rose Inn

## References
Glaucoma

**Glaucoma** is a disease that causes damage to the eye. If a person who has glaucoma does not get help from a doctor, they will not be able to see.

This disease happens because of increased pressure in the eye. The pressure causes damage to the optic nerve. This can cause loss of vision, and may also be painful.

Sometimes, it is hard for a person to know that they have glaucoma. The vision can be lost very slowly. When sight is lost from glaucoma, it cannot be recovered.

There are two kinds of glaucoma, the kind that happens very fast, and the kind that happens slowly, over a long time.

Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness in the world.

## Genetic component 
There is often a hereditary tendency to glaucoma. A family history of glaucoma is a risk factor. The relative risk of having what is called "primary open-angle glaucoma" (POAG) is increased about two- to four-fold for people who have a sibling with glaucoma.  Glaucoma, particularly primary open-angle glaucoma, is associated with mutations in several different genes

Also, the likelihood of it happening is different in different populations. Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in African Americans, who have higher rates of primary open angle glaucoma.

## References
Tax resistance

**Tax resistance** is when people do not pay a tax because they are angry at how the government uses the money.

Some people are *tax resisters* because they feel bad about helping the government do bad things (like war). Some people are tax resisters to protest. Some people are tax resisters to try to cause a government to fall (like Mohandas Gandhi did in India).

## Related pages 
*Anti-war movement
*Conscientious objector
Aye-aye

The **aye-aye** (*Daubentonia madagascariensis*) is a lemur which lives  in rain forests of Madagascar, a large island off the southeast coast of Africa.(madagascar). Also, the aye-aye is a small animal.

This solitary animal is nocturnal (most active at night). The aye-aye spends most of its time in trees. During the day, it sleeps in a nest  in the fork of a tree. It builds the nest out of leaves and twigs. 

The aye-aye has rodent-like teeth and a special thin middle finger to get at the insect grubs under tree bark. It fills the same ecological niche as  woodpeckers do elsewhere. It taps on trees to find grubs, then gnaws holes in the wood using its forward slanting incisors. Then it sticks in its middle finger to pull the grubs out. 

Lemurs are primates, and so are related to monkeys, apes, and me

## References
Merlin

**Merlin** is a legendary character. He is best known as the wizard in the Arthurian legends. He was King Arthur's guide. Merlin is always a mysterious figure. He rarely gives his reasons for the things he does.  Merlin was probably first written about in Welsh legend. His story is based on parts of several different real and fictional characters. Merlin is usually said to be one with nature, being the source of his enormous power. The Lady of the Lake enchanted him.

## Other websites 
* 
*
*
Peter Schöttel

**Peter Schöttel** (born 26 March 1967 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian footballer, who played for SK Rapid Wien and the Austrian football team as defender.

## Career
The only club he played for was SK Rapid Wien. From 1997 till 2001 he was captain of the team. During his time with Rapid, he played in a total of 436 matches and scored four goals. For this reason he is a hero for all Rapid supporters. He was voted for the Rapid team of the century. He played for Rapid in the 1996 UEFA Cup Winners Cup Final against Paris St Germain in Brussels, which Rapid lost.
## International 
He played 63 matches for the Austrian football team from 1988 to 2002. He played for them in the FIFA World Cup 1990 and 1998.
## International statistics
## Manager career 
After his player career he started as coach of the amateur squad of Rapid. In 2003 he became sports manager of the club, but in 2007 he quit due to continuing criticism. He became coach of the Wiener Sportklub for one year, then manager of the First Vienna FC. Since 2009 he has been coach of SC Magna Wiener Neustadt in the Austrian Bundesliga. In 2011 he went as a new coach to his former club SK Rapid Wien. 

In the summer of 2015, Schöttel joined SV Grödig. After their relegation to the Regionalliga West (third division), he announced his resignation before the final match against SV Mattersburg. 

On August 1, 2017, he was appointed coach of the U-19 national team. On October 10, 2017, he succeeded Willi Ruttensteiner as sporting director of the Austrian Football Association (ÖFB). 
## Honours
***Austrian Football Bundesliga (3):**
** 1987, 1988, 1996
***Austrian Cup (2):**
** 1987, 1995

## Other websites
*Career stats – National Football Teams

## References
Vim

**Vim** is a text editor made by Bram Moolenaar. Moolenaar publicly released Vim on November 2, 1991 for the Commodore Amiga.

Vim stands for Vi IMproved. Vim is an improved version of the vi text editor, Vim’s built-in programming language. Many Vim plugins and extensions are also available online for free.

There is an Internet turf war between programmers that prefer Vim and programmers that prefer Emacs, another common text editor.
## Gallery

File:Vim-javascript-with-plugin-gitgutter.png|Vim editing JavaScript
File:Vim-netrw.png|File manager inside Vim
File:Vim-search-copen-quickfix.png|Searching inside Vim
File:Neovim-logo.svg|Neovim, a famous Vim variant
File:Neovim 0.5.0 screenshot.png|Neovim screenshot

## References
## Other websites 
*
Criollo people

The ***Criollos*** (singular: ***Criollo***) were a social class in the caste system of the overseas colonies established by Spain in the 16th century, especially in Latin America.  The word was used for people of pure or mostly Spanish blood, but who were born in the American colony.

The *Criollo* class was seen as lower than the *Peninsulares*.  Peninsulares were the people who lived in the colony, but were born in Spain.  Criollos had higher status/rank than all other castes.   Other castes included people of mixed descent, Amerindians, and enslaved Africans.

The term Criollo is often translated into English as **Creole**.  However, the word "creole" is also used for many ethnic groups around the world who have no historic connection to Spain or to any colonial system.

## Criollos and the wars of independence
Until 1760, the Spanish colonies were ruled under laws designed by the Spanish Habsburgs. They gave the American provinces great independence. The situation changed with the Bourbon Reforms during the reign of Charles III.

Spain needed to get more money from its colonies for the European and global wars it was fighting so it could maintain the Spanish Empire. The Crown made the *Penisulares* more important, and they took over many administrative offices which had been filled by Criollos. At the same time, reforms by the Catholic Church reduced the roles and privileges of the lower ranks of the clergy, who were mostly Criollos.

By the 19th century, this loss of status led the Criollos to rebel against Spanish rule.   The revolution was also inspired by the examples of the American and French revolutions against their kings.  With increasing support of the other castes, they started to fight Spain in for independence (1809–1826).

## References
Grumman G-21 Goose

The **Grumman G-21 Goose** is an amphibious aircraft, which means it can land and take off on water. It was designed as an eight-seat "commuter" plane for businessmen in the Long Island area. The Goose was Grumman’s first monoplane to fly. It was also Grumman's first twin-engined aircraft as well as their first aircraft to provide  service. During World War II, the Goose was used to transport the US military (including the Coast Guard). It served with many other air forces. During battles, the Goose took on an increasing number of combat and training roles. It was also used after the war.

## Design and development
In 1936, some rich residents of Long Island, such as E. Roland Harriman, asked Grumman to build them an aircraft. They would use this aircraft to fly to New York City. The **G-21** was designed after this. It was an all-metal, high-winged monoplane powered by two  Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Jr. nine-cylinder, air-cooled radial engines mounted on the leading edge of high-set wings. The deep fuselage served also as a hull and had hand-cranked retractable landing gear. First flight of the prototype took place on May 29, 1937.

The fuselage was very . It had a lot of interior space. So it could be used as luxury or transport airliner. There were plans to market the G-21 as an amphibian airliner.

## References
;Notes

;Bibliography

* Donald, David, ed. *American Warplanes of World War II*. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1995. .
* Francillon, René J. and Gary L. Killion. "Sauce for the Goose - turbine style". *Air International*, July 1993, Vol. 45, No 1, pp.&nbsp;53–57. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing.  ISSN 0306-5634.
* Green, William. *War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Five Flying Boats*. London:Macdonald, 1968. .
* March, Daniel J., ed. *British Warplanes of World War II*. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1998. .
* Swanborough, Gordon and Peter M. Bowers. *United States Navy Aircraft since 1911*. London: Putnam, Second edition, 1976. .
* Thruelsen, Richard. *The Grumman Story*. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1976. .
* Winchester, Jim, ed. "Grumman Goose/Mallard." *Biplanes, Triplanes and Seaplanes (The Aviation Factfile)*. Rochester, Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. .

## Other websites
* Grumman Goose at the Smithsonian 
* Goose Central/ Biggest database on the Grumman Goose in the world
* Antilles Seaplanes - Home of the G-21G Super Goose
List of highest mountains

from the south. The peak rises over Lhotse, while Nuptse is the ridge on the left.]]

This is a list of the **highest mountains in the world**. There are at least 109 mountains on Earth that are higher than  above sea level. Most of these are in central or southern Asia. It is hard to measure how tall a mountain is, so these  may not be exact. It is also hard to figure out if two peaks close to each other are part of the same mountain or are two different mountains.

## List
## Gallery

Everest kalapatthar crop.jpg|1. The summit of Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth
K2 2006b.jpg|2. K2, the highest summit of the Karakoram
Kangch-Goechala.jpg|3. Kangchenjunga, the second-highest mountain of the Himalaya
LhotseMountain.jos.500pix.jpg|4. Lhotse, the third-highest mountain of the Himalaya
Makalu.jpg|5. Makalu in the Himalaya
ChoOyu-fromGokyo.jpg|6. Cho Oyu in the Himalaya
Dhaulagiri from ramrekha.jpg|7. Dhaulagiri in the Himalaya
Sunrise, Manaslu.jpg|8. Manaslu in the Himalaya
Nanga Parbat 029.jpg|9. Nanga Parbat in the Himalaya
Annapurna South Face.jpg|10. Annapurna I in the Himalaya
HiddenPeak.jpg|11. Gasherbrum I, the second-highest mountain of the Karakoram
7 15 BroadPeak.jpg|12. Broad Peak, the third-highest mountain of the Karakoram
Gasherbrum2.jpg|13. Gasherbrum II in the Karakoram
Shishapangma.jpg|14. Shishapangma in the Himalaya

## Footnotes
## Related pages
* Mountain
* List of mountain peaks by prominence

## Other websites
* Summitpost (Has details on 30 of the top 100 peaks)
* Prominence lists (lists all mountains in the world with more than 1,450m of prominence)
* Alpine Club Himalayan index  (Gives history of ascents and location of not well known peaks)
* Discussion of often misquoted heights
* Mountains of Northern Kashmir
* Digital elevation data, including all the above peaks and many more worldwide
* Hispar area: expedition reports and maps
* List of highest mountains down to 6750 metres
The Lady Killer

***The Lady Killer*** is the third studio album by American singer Cee Lo Green. It was released November 5, 2010, on Elektra Records. Salaam Remi, ELEMENT, The Smeezingtons, Fraser T. Smith, Paul Epworth, and Jack Splash produced the album. This was during 2009 to 2010.

The album was listed at number nine on the US *Billboard* 200 chart in its first week. It sold 41,000 copies in the week after its debut. Its first single, "Fuck You" did well internationally. The album has sold 337,700 copies in the United States. It has been certified platinum in the United Kingdom. Upon its release, *The Lady Killer* received positive reviews from most music critics. They praised it for its production, classicist soul music approach, and Green's singing.

## References
List of FIFA country codes

There are currently 211 **FIFA** members, each one with a different country code.

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## Non-FIFA member codes
The following codes refer to countries or dependent areas that are currently not affiliated with FIFA, but whose codes either appear in the FIFA results database, or are used regularly by confederation websites.

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## Abnormal codes
The following codes mean countries that do not have anything to do with FIFA.  Even though they are members of their local groups, these codes are not usually used by FIFA.

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## Obsolete country codes
The following codes are obsolete because a country has ceased to exist, changed its name, changed its code, or has become part of another country.

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## FIFA, IOC and ISO differences
Although most FIFA codes are the same as the International Olympic Committee country codes at the Olympic Games, there are still some changes between them:

## References
Flinders Ranges

The **Flinders Ranges** are a group of mountains in South Australia. They have been listed as one of Australia's outstanding national landscapes. The were named "Flinders Range" in 1839 by explorer Edward John Eyre who was searching for an overland route from Adelaide to Port Lincoln. The ranges were home to the Adnyamathanha, an indigenous Australian people, for thousands of years. Their paintings and rock carvings can be found throughout the area. A large area is protected by the Flinders Ranges National Park. Important towns in the Flinders Ranges include Hawker, Quorn, Wilpena Pound and Leigh Creek.

## References
ISO 3166

**ISO 3166** is a standard made by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and it uses short codes to name all countries and some other places. People from all over the world can use the same codes; this is helpful because different languages have different names for many countries. For example, the country English-speakers call *Spain* is called *España* by Spanish-speakers. The ISO 3166 has three codes for Spain: ES, ESP, and 724. No other country has any of these codes.

## Related pages 
*Country code
*ISO 3166-1
The King of Rome

**The King of Rome** was a racing pigeon. It won a race from Rome, in Italy, to England. The race was in 1913. It was  long. Dave Sudbury wrote a song about the pigeon. The song was recorded by June Tabor.

## The bird
The bird was a type of pigeon called a blue cock. It had a ring on its leg. Written on the ring was a reference number. The number was NU1907DY168,. The pigeon was owned

When the bird died, Hudson gave its body to Derby Museum and Art Gallery. The museum stuffed its skin. The museum exhibit is known as "accession number DBYMU.1946/48". It has been on show at Derby and elsewhere. It has been on show at Walsall Museum. It has also been on show at Wollaton Hall. Wollaton Hall is in Nottingham,.

## The song 
Dave Sudbury wrote a song about The King of Rome. The song is also about Charlie Hudson. It says that "On the day of the big race a storm blew in. A thousand birds were swept away and never seen again",. Tabor also recorded the song. She recorded it for an album called *Aqaba*. Aqaba was released in 1988.

Brian McNeill was another finalist at the competition. He said:

"The King of Rome" was head and shoulders above every other song sung on the night, and should have won.

## The book 
The words of the song have been made into a book. The book has 32 pages. It has drawings by Hans Saefkow.

## References
## Other websites 
*Derby Museums page  – with lyrics
*The King of Rome  – Dave Sudbury's web page about the song
*
Cath Kidston

**Catherine Isabel "Cath" Kidston** (born 6 November 1958) is a British fashion designer, businesswoman and writer.

She owns the company Cath Kidston Limited. The company sells home furnishings and other goods. They sell in shops, online and by mail order. The company was valued at £75000000 in February 2010.

Kidston is known for designing floral patterns. and The Hon. Sofie Allsopp. They work as television presenters. They are Kidston's cousins. Both of her parents died of cancer,. Kidston had breast cancer when she was 37 and has since recovered. Kidston's partner is record producer Hugh Padgham,. They met when she worked as his decorator. They have a home beside the Thames in West London and another home in Gloucestershire. She has a step-daughter. She is dyslexic.

## Shops 
Kidston opened her first shop after recovering from breast cancer. It was in London's Holland Park. It opened in 1993. The shop sold hand-embroidered teatowels and brightly renovated furniture. Kidston later described it as a "glorified junk shop". As of April 2011, she has 41 shops and concessions in the United Kingdom. There are two more in Ireland, eleven in Japan are three in Korea. More shops are due to open in Japan and Korea.

Kidston was on BBC Radio 4's *Desert Island Discs* programme.

## References
## Other websites
* Cath Kidston Limited
* Flickr group with `pictures of Cath Kidston products
Password

A **password** is a way of authentication. It can be used as a means to identify a person. Since the password is the only way to identify a person, it has to be kept secret. A password can be static. This means it will remain the same unless the user changes it, or it rarely changes. Or a password can be dynamic. A dynamic password changes regularly and does not remain the same.  One type of a dynamic password is a one-time pad that can only be used once. 
## History
Passwords were first used in the military. This was to be able to tell who was a friend and who was an enemy when it was dark.

Modern passwords are made of characters, letters and numbers. Sometimes a password will require a minimum number of characters. Usually this is from six to eight.  Some websites allow only the use of letters and numbers, but no other characters on the keyboard. Other websites advise using a combination of letters and numbers to increase the "strength" of a password. Websites also advise changing a password once a year or more often to prevent hacking. A person may be able to guess a password if it is too easy. While being typed, each letter of a password is shown as * or •.

## Alternatives
Other ways of verifying the identity of a person include using fingerprint scanners and face detection.

## Encryption
Encryption is the translation of data to achieve data security. To read an encrypted string a secret key or password must be provided to decrypt it.

## Usage at login
In systems that uses login based actions, the password can be converted to the original string if the key is provided. Hashing is a one-way function and is irreversible.  

## Brute-force attacks 
*See also Brute force attack

Brute-force attacks work by calculating every possible combination that could make up a password and testing it to see if it is the correct password. As the password's length increases, the amount of time, on average, to find the correct password increases exponentially.

## Methods of protection against attack 
it includes preventing the capture of the hash of the transmitted password and protection against multiple authentication attempts in the system. Secure (encrypted) communication channels can be used to prevent interception.

## Related pages 
* Computer security
* Cryptography
* Encryption - Encryption
* FreeOTFE - Disk encryption
* Identity document
* Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) - Email encryption
* PuTTY - SSH encryption
* Shibboleth

## Resources 
* https://useful.tools/password-generator  a free tool to generate strong secure passwords
* https://www.theguardian.com/money/2016/may/21/how-create-perfect-password-hackers-online-accounts-safe "How to create the perfect password"

## References
Comparison of IOC, FIFA, and ISO 3166 country codes

__TOC__
This table compares IOC, FIFA, and ISO 3166 country codes.

## Former countries and former country names 
Codes are shown with their last year of use.

## Note
## References 
## Other websites
*Official abbreviations" at ''The Games of the XVIII Olympiad, Tokyo, 1964
Folate

**Folate** is a B vitamin, also called Bg or folacin. The man-made **folic acid** is a diet supplement which the body converts to folate.

Folate is essential for the body to make DNA and RNA, and use the amino acids needed for cell division. So this particular chemical is truly essential for life.

Folate is got by eating leafy green vegetables, legumes and organ meats. When cooking, the advice is to use steaming or a microwave oven. This keeps more folate in the cooked foods.

## References
Dolores Hidalgo

**Dolores Hidalgo** is the name of a city and the municipality around it in the north-central part of the Mexican state of Guanajuato. The full name is **Dolores Hidalgo Cuna de la Independencia Nacional**, which is Spanish for "Dolores Hidalgo Cradle of National Independence".

It is at , at about 1,980 meters (6,480 feet) above sea level. In the census of 2005 the city had a population of 54,843 people. The larger area of the municipality had 134,641 inhabitants. The city is directly in the middle of the municipality, which is 1,590&nbsp;km² (613.9 sq mi) in size. It also includes many small communities, the largest of which is Río Laja.

## History
Before Mexico became independent, the city was a small town known simply as **Dolores**. It was here that Father Miguel Hidalgo spoke his famous cry for the independence of Mexico (the *Grito de Dolores*). This was in the early hours of September 16, 1810, in front of his parish church. After Mexico achieved independence, the town was renamed *Dolores Hidalgo* in his honor. The central square of the town, in front of Father Hidalgo's historic church, is a popular tourist spot.

## Dolores Hidalgo today
Today Dolores Hidalgo is known primarily for its ceramics industry. It givese work to well over half the city's population. The inexpensive and mass-produced ceramic products are sold throughout Latin America and the United States. 

Fans of ranchera and popular music visit Dolores Hidalgo for the tomb of José Alfredo Jiménez. He was one of the country's most beloved singers and songwriters. He is buried in the town cemetery.

Footballer Adolfo "El Bofo" Bautista was born here.

## Twinned Cities
*  Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America.
*  Mexico City, Mexico.
*  Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.

## References
*Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005  INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
*Guanajuato  Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México

## Other websites 
*Dolores Hidalgo Cuna de la Independencia Nacional Official website
*San Luis De La Paz, Guanajuato  Nearby colonial town.
*Dolores Hidalgo eGuide to Dolores Hidalgo
*Bibliography and Hemerography: Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla. 
*Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla - Documents of 1810 and 1811. 
*Chronology of Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla.
Wilby

There is more than one place called **Wilby** in England:

* Wilby, Norfolk
* Wilby, Northamptonshire
* Wilby, Suffolk

## Surname
* James Wilby, actor
* Jennifer Wilby, management scientist
* Peter Wilby (UK journalist)
* Philip Wilby, composer

## Fictional places
* Wilby, a small Maritimes island town where the film *Wilby Wonderful* takes place
Thiamine

**Thiamine** (or thiamin) is **vitamin B1**. It is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex. Its phosphate derivatives take part in many cellular processes. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is a coenzyme in the catabolism of sugars and amino acids. 

also it can be found in Food and Manufactured Dietary supplements also in Medications Foods that provide Thiamine include whole grains, Legume 

Lack of thiamine causes beriberi.

## References