open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Škorpion

The **Skorpion vz. 61** is a Czechoslovak submachine gun/machine pistol designed in the 1950s by Miroslav Rybář and produced by the Česká Zbrojovka company (CZ). It was developed for use by military and police forces, as well as for export to other countries. 

The Skorpion vz. 61 is characterized by being compact and lightweight, making it ideal for use in confined spaces or as a secondary weapon. It has a high rate of fire, firing at about 850-900 rounds per minute. It uses the .32 ACP caliber (7.65 mm Browning) and has a limited magazine capacity (generally between 10 and 20 rounds). In addition, it has a folding stock that makes it easy to transport and store. Its effective range is approximately 50 meters. There are versions in 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Makarov and .380 ACP (9 mm Kurtz) caliber.
Rao

__NOTOC__
**Rao** or **RAO** may refer to:

## Geography
* Rao, West Sumatra, one of the districts of West Sumatra, Indonesia
* Råö, a locality in Kungsbacka Municipality, Halland County, Sweden
* Rao Arrondissement in Senegal
* Rao, Senegal, the seat of the arrondissement

## Transport 
* Dr. Leite Lopes–Ribeirão Preto State Airport , IATA code RAO, serving Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

## Fictional entities 
* Rao (comics), a fictional star in the DC Universe; Superman's planet Krypton revolved around it
* Rao (*Greyhawk*), god of peace, reason, and serenity in *Dungeons & Dragons: World of Greyhawk*
* *Raō*, the Japanese name for Raoh, a character in *Fist of the North Star*

## Mathematics
* Cramér–Rao bound, a statistical concept
* Rao–Blackwell theorem, a theorem in statistics

## Science 
* *Rao* (insect), a genus of wasps in the subfamily Platygastrinae
* Recent African origin of modern humans (RAO), a paleoanthropological theory
* Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), a respiratory disease in horses
* Response amplitude operator (RAO), a function relating a response to an input given the input frequency

## Titles
*Rao (title), cognate Hindi variations of the (originally Hindu) title Raja(h)  
* Rao Bahadur, a title of honour issued by the British in India

## Other uses
* Rai (disambiguation)
* Ray (disambiguation)
* Rau (disambiguation)
* Rao (Indian surname)
* Rao (Chinese surname)
* Rao language
* Rao's, an Italian restaurant in New York City, USA named after its founder, Joshua Anthony Rao
2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election

The **2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election** took place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next governor of South Dakota.  Current Republican governor Dennis Daugaard was term-limited and could not run for a third term.

Republican candidate Kristi Noem won against Democratic candidate Billie Sutton in the closest gubernatorial election in South Dakota since 1986. Noem also became the first female governor of the state. 

## References
Carlos Latuff

/ Caricature raised in Tahrir Square]]
**Carlos Latuff** (born November 30, 1968), in São Cristovo (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), is a Brazilian political cartoonist of Lebanese origins who works independently. His works are concerned with a wide range of themes, including anti-globalization, anti-capitalism, and anti-Americanism and anti-military intervention. Furthermore, the issue for which he is most famous are his photographs depicting the Arab-Israeli conflict. Lattouf described his work as controversial.

## Artwork 
Some of Carlos Latuff's controversial artwork. 
File:GlobalIntifada.png|link=ملف:GlobalIntifada.png|alt=الانتفاضة الفلسطينية|Palestinian Intifada
File:Tribute to White Power (cartoon by Latuff).png|link=ملف:Tribute to White Power (cartoon by Latuff).png|alt=كاريكاتير للنازيون الجدد.| Neo-Nazi caricature
File:Gitmo.png|link=ملف:Gitmo.png|alt=حول غوانتانامو.|Guantanamo
File:KostasKaramanlisGreecePm.png|link=ملف:KostasKaramanlisGreecePm.png|alt=شغب اليونان 2008.| Riots in Greece in 2008
File:Latuff_che.png|link=ملف:Latuff_che.png|alt=إرنستو تشي جيفارا.| Ernesto Che Guevara
File:Jewguevara.png|link=ملف:Jewguevara.png|alt=تشي جيفارا كيهودي.|Che Guevara depicted as a Jew
File:Moore.png|link=ملف:Moore.png|alt=مايكل مور وتشارلتون هيستن.| Michael Moore  and  Charlton Heston
File:SaddamLatuff.png|link=ملف:SaddamLatuff.png|alt=صدام حسين.| Saddam Hussein
File:Mandela_on_Israeli_apartheid_by_Latuff2.jpg|link=ملف:Mandela_on_Israeli_apartheid_by_Latuff2.jpg|alt=نلسون مانديلا كفلسطيني في السجون الإسرائيلية.| Nelson Mandela as a Palestinian in Israeli prisons.
File:Forgiveness_4.jpg|link=ملف:Forgiveness_4.jpg|alt=التعايش الإنساني المشترك: طفل يهودي وطفلة مسلمة مقعدان.|Shared human coexistence: a Jewish boy and a Muslim girl with disabilities.
File:Warforoil.png|link=ملف:Warforoil.png|alt=الحرب من أجل النفط|The war for oil
File:Muslims_and_Christians_united_for_Egypt.png|link=ملف:Muslims_and_Christians_united_for_Egypt.png|alt=المسلمون والمسيحيون المصريون يد واحدة.|Egyptian Muslims and Christians are one hand.
File:Victory.png|link=ملف:Victory.png|alt=ظهور المقاومة العراقية|The emergence of the Iraqi resistance. 
File:Holocaust_Remembrance_Day.jpg|link=ملف:Holocaust_Remembrance_Day.jpg|alt=ذكرى محرقة اليهود ومقارنتها بالواقع في فلسطين|Memory of the Holocaust and its comparison with reality in Palestine
File:Cry-wolf.png|link=ملف:Cry-wolf.png|alt=معاداة السامية أصبحت شماعة لبقاء الاحتلال الإسرائيلي للضفة الغربية| Anti-Semitism has become a peg for the survival of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank
File:Nazis.png|link=ملف:Nazis.png|alt=تشبيه النازيين بالإسرائيليين|Comparing the Nazis to the Israelis
File:TheGreatSatan_a.gif|link=ملف:TheGreatSatan_a.gif|alt=الشيطان الأكبر الأمريكي|America, the Great Satan

## Related pages 
* Naji al-Ali

## References
## Other websites 
* Official blog
* Carlos Latoff at deviantART
* Carlos Latuff on Tweep
Joe Flaherty

**Joseph Flaherty** (born '''Joseph O'Flaherty'*; June 21, 1941 – April 1, 2024) was an American actor, writer, and comedian. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Flaherty is best known for his work on the Canadian sketch comedy *SCTV* from 1976 to 1984. He also played Harold Weir on *Freaks and Geeks* and Donald the heckler in *Happy Gilmore* (1996). Flaherty had a minor role as the credit union man in *Back to the Future Part II*. 

Flaherty won two Emmy Awards for writing some episodes for *SCTV'' in 1982 and 1983.

Flaherty died on April 1, 2024 in Toronto, Canada at the age of 82 after a short-illness.

## References
## Other websites
*
John Sinclair (poet)

**John Sinclair** (October 2, 1941 – April 2, 2024) was an American poet, writer, and political activist. He was born in Flint, Michigan. Sinclair was known for his jazz poetry. He was a founding member of the White Panther Party, a militantly anti-racist socialist group and counterpart of the Black Panthers.

In 1969, Sinclair was sentenced to ten years in jail for having marijuana. His prison sentence was criticized. He was freed in 1971, but he remained in litigation. His case against the government for illegal domestic surveillance was successfully taken to the United States Supreme Court in *United States v. U.S. District Court* (1972).

Sinclair died of heart failure at a hospital in Detroit, Michigan on April 2, 2024, at the age of 82.

## References
List of trans-Neptunian objects

|-
| Compilation of 15 imaged trans-Neptunian objects. The first image compares some of the largest TNOs in terms of size, color and albedo.
|}

This is a list of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), (minor planets in the Solar System that orbit the Sun at a greater distance on average), than Neptune.
## List 
## Unnumbered TNOs 
There are more than 3,000 unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects, defined here as minor planets with a semi-major axis larger than 30.1&nbsp;AU (Neptune's average orbital distance from the Sun). The data is sourced from MPC's "List of Trans Neptunian Objects" and "List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects", completed with information from Johnston's Archive (diameter, class, binary status, etc.). For the list of numbered TNOs, *see *.

## Trans-Neptunian satellites 
A growing number of TNOs are revealed to be binary systems with a minor-planet moon orbiting its primary. There are also several multiple systems with more than one satellite.

## Diagram: orbital classes 
Trans-Neptunian objects colorized by their orbital subclass and plotted in the orbital parameter space (eccentricity and inclination versus semi-major axis). The plot for the entire region contains 1418 objects including plutinos (#185), twotinos (#36), other resonant objects (#124), cubewanos (#420), inner (#40) and outer classical objects (#6), SDOs (#289), sednoids (#11), centaurs (#101) and other TNOs (#206).

## Related pages 
* Lists of astronomical objects
* List of minor planets
* List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun
* Planet Nine

## References 
## Other websites 
* How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?, *Michael Brown*, Caltech
* OSSOS TNODB by the *Outer Solar System Origins Survey*
* Minor Planet Center: List of Transneptunian Objects
* Minor Planet Center: List of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects
* Johnston's Archive: List of Known trans-Neptunian Objects
* Johnston's Archive: Trans-Neptunian Objects
* Known extreme outer solar system objects, Scott Sheppard, *Carnegie Science Center*
2022 South Dakota gubernatorial election

The **2022 South Dakota gubernatorial election** took place on November 8, 2022, electing the governor of South Dakota. Current Republican governor Kristi Noem beat Democratic nominee Jamie Smith to win a second term.

## References
Stephanie Herseth Sandlin

**Stephanie Marie Herseth Sandlin** (born December 3, 1970) is an American attorney, educator, and politician from the Democratic Party. She represented  in the United States House of Representatives from 2004 until 2011. 

She lost her re-election campaign to Republican Kristi Noem in 2010. She was the youngest female member of the House, and the first woman elected to the House from South Dakota. 

Since 2017, she has been the president of Augustana University.

In March 2007, Herseth married Max Sandlin, a four-term Democratic congressman from Texas. 

## References
Keystone Pipeline

The **Keystone Pipeline System** is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States. It was created in 2010 and owned by TC Energy and, as of March 2020, the Government of Alberta. 

It runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas.

The pipeline has been controversial with many protests from environmentalists happening near the construction site. 

In 2015, KXL was temporarily delayed by President Barack Obama. On January 24, 2017, President Donald Trump ordered for the pipeline's construction to start again. On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden signed an executive order to end the permit to continue its construction. On June 9, 2021, TC Energy ended plans for the Keystone XL Pipeline.

## References
Newsmax

**Newsmax Media, Inc.** is an American cable news, political opinion commentary, and digital media company. It was founded by Christopher Ruddy in 1998. It has been described as conservative and right-wing propaganda.

Newsmax launched a cable TV channel on June 16, 2014, to 35 million satellite subscribers through DirecTV and Dish Network. As of May 2019, the network reaches about 75 million cable homes and has wide digital media player/mobile device availability. 

The website has been called by *The New York Times* as an important "force in conservative politics."

## References
Offshore drilling

– 6 December 2011]]
**Offshore drilling** is a process where oil and fossil fuels are drilled below the ocean or sea. This is very controversial as many believe it causes climate change and is harmful to the environment. This process began around 1981.

## References
Buffalo Gap National Grassland

**Buffalo Gap National Grassland** is a National Grassland located in southwestern South Dakota, United States. It is also the second largest National Grassland, after Little Missouri National Grassland in North Dakota.

In 2010, South Dakota Senator Tim Johnson wanted to pass a bill that would designate over  of the National Grassland as protected wilderness.

## References
Corey Lewandowski

**Corey R. Lewandowski** (; born September 18, 1973) is an American political operative, lobbyist, political commentator and author. He is known for being supportive of Donald Trump. He was the first campaign manager of Trump's 2016 presidential campaign and was fired by Trump during the Republican Primary. He later became a political commentator for One America News Network (OANN), Fox News and CNN.

Lewandowski was seen as a possible candidate to run against New Hampshire Democratic U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen in the 2020 election. However, he decided not to run in early 2020 and said that he "would have won" had he run.

In September 2021 it was reported that his relationship with Trump had ended when he had made sexual advances towards the wife of a major Trump donor.

## References
Tamakatsuma

is a book by Motoori Norinaga in the Edo Period. It is important to the discipline of  It was meant as a metaphorical basket that he put his thoughts in. It is a , a type of Japanese figure of speech.

The book records what Norinaga learned from his studies of old Japanese texts. It shows his ideas about many things like the ways of the court and samurai, etymology, and local customs. Norinaga wrote that "in the countryside, there are many old and interesting customs, such as funerals and weddings." This makes the book important for folklore as well. It also shows Norinaga’s way of life and thought in his later years.

## Contents 
The book covers many topics, especially after Norinaga finished his major work, the *Kojiki-den*. Subjects include:

* **Ancient texts**: quotations and notes from old records.
* **Language**: study of local words and dialects.
* **Geography**: shrine records and gazetteers.
* **Autobiography**: details about Norinaga’s own life.
* **Culture**: criticism of Chinese influence in Japan.
* **Scholarship**: Norinaga’s other studies.

## Publication 
The essays came out in five groups of three volumes each. This slow release kept Norinaga’s ideas in discussion for almost twenty years, and let people see his thoughts as they developed.

## Legacy 
Today, *Tamakatsuma* is seen as an important scholarly work of its time. It is printed in *Motoori Norinaga Zenshū* (Chikuma Shobō, 1968) and in *Nihon Shisō Taikei* (Iwanami Shoten, 1978). These editions keep the book available for students of Japanese history and thought.

## Related pages 
* 

## References
Ajum Goolam Hossen

Ajum Goolam Hossen (circa 1850 – 14 February 1919) was a trader and businessman from Mauritius. He helped establish commerce, industry, and the Gujarati Sunni Bohra community in Mauritius.

Ajum Goolam Hossen’s father migrated from Surat, India, to Mauritius in the 19th century. He and his father became successful traders, specializing in pepper. His company, Ajum Goolam Hossen & Co., formerly Goolam Hossen & Co., had branches in different countries across Asia and Africa.

He co-founded the Surtee Soonnee Mussulman Society in 1897, promoting communal bonds. He organized banquets attended by influential figures like M.K. Gandhi, contributing to Mauritian society.

Ajum Goolam Hossen passed away on 14 February, 1919, in Port Louis, Mauritius. He is buried in the Riche Terre Muslim Cemetery in Port Louis.

## References
Air Mata di Kuala Lumpur

***Air Mata di Kuala Lumpur*** is a song by the Malaysian artist P. Ramlee. He wrote it before he died on May 29, 1973, at 44 years old. His wife, Saloma, recorded the song.

It was meant for a movie with the same name, which would have been P. Ramlee's first color film as a director. Sadly, P. Ramlee passed away before the movie could be made. Saloma's recording of the song was later released as the title track of an album in 1974.

## References
2011 military intervention in Libya

On 19 March 2011, a multi-state NATO-led military intervention in Libya began in response to events during the First Libyan Civil War. 

American and British naval forces fired over 110 Tomahawk cruise missiles, and imposed a naval blockade. The French Air Force, British Royal Air Force, and Royal Canadian Air Force forced sorties across Libya. 

The intervention did not have any foreign soldiers.

The Libyan government was unable to fight this off as they were unable to shoot down a single NATO plane.

Countries involved with the intervention at first were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Norway, Qatar, Spain, United Kingdom and the United States.

Fighting in Libya ended in late October after the killing of Muammar Gaddafi, and NATO said it would end operations over Libya on 31 October 2011. Libya's new government requested that its mission be extended to the end of the year, but on 27 October, the Security Council voted to end NATO's mandate for military action on 31 October.

It is reported that over the eight months, NATO members carried out 7,000 bombing sorties targeting Gaddafi's forces.

## Notes
## References
Rosmah Mansor

**Rosmah Mansor** was the wife of former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak. She gained significant attention for her lavish lifestyle and expensive fashion choices. Rosmah, like her husband, was involved in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal. On 1 September 2022, she was declared guilty of corruption related to a school electricity project. She was fined $303 million and sentenced to ten years in prison. On December 19, 2024, a Malaysian high court acquitted Rosmah Mansor of seventeen counts of money laundering and tax evasion due to insufficient evidence.

## References
Iranian consulate airstrike in Damascus

On 1 April 2024, an Israeli attack drone struck the Iranian embassy in Damascus, Syria. The attack resulted in the deaths of sixteen people.

## The attack 
### Victims 
Of the sixteen people killed, there were eight Iranians (including an Iranian advisor), six Syrian/Lebenese militiamen, and two civilians. The civilians killed was a Syrian woman and her child.

## Aftermath 
Many delegations stated that any attack on diplomatic and consular premises breaks the rules in the  of the United Nations as well as Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and other international laws.

The Israeli attack happened during a time of increased tension between Iran and Israel, as well as ongoing war between Israel and Gaza in which Israel has killed over 48,000 people in Palestine. Iran announced it would retaliate for the attack, which it would acheive on 13 April 2024.

Syria's Foreign Minister, Faisal Mekdad, condemned the attack, calling it a "terrorist attack" that killed innocent people.

Officials from many other countries condemned the attack as well, including the Prime Minister of Iraq, the Prime Minister of Spain, the President of Nicaragua, and the foreign ministries of Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia,  Brazil, Belarus, China, Cuba,  Egypt, Indonesia, Jordan, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Mauritania,  Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia (who called it a "political killing"), Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sierra Leone,  Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, and Vietnam. The Foreign Ministry of Kyrgyzstan expressed concern.

On 13 April 2024, the Iranian military fired Operation True Promise on Israel, in which dozens of Israeli military bases and weapons facilities were destroyed/heavily damaged as reprisal for the Israeli attack.

## References
Marty Jackley

**Martin J. Jackley** (born October 13, 1970) is an American attorney and politician. He is the Attorney General of South Dakota since 2023. He held this office before from 2009 to 2019. He ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2018, losing to Republican primary to Kristi Noem.

## References
Psagot

**Psagot** (Hebrew:  פסגות, Arabic بسجوت ) is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. It is located north of Jerusalem on a long hill and adjacent to the cities of Ramallah and Al-Bireh, where the expansion of the city of Al-Bireh from the eastern side was stopped. It was established in 1981 and is administered by the Benjamin Regional Council. In 2008 the settler population was 1,623, The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law.

## References
German Masters

The **German Masters** is a snooker tournament. It is held at the Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany since 2011. The 2021 event was played in Milton Keynes in England because of the COVID-19 pandemic. An earlier ranking event, the German Open, was held in Germany from 1995 to 1997. This was followed by an invitation event, called the German Masters, in 1998. The reigning champion is Judd Trump.

## Winners 
## References
Halla Diyab

**Dr. Halla Diyab** () is a Libyan-born British screenwriter, author, producer, broadcaster, and TV commentator. 

She is an expert on the Middle East and Islamic culture who has worked in Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Syria.

Diyab was listed in *Aliqtisadi Magazine* as one of Syria's most influential women of 2011. She was profiled in the "Women Like Us" exhibition that celebrated inspirational Muslim women. 

## Career 
### Writings 
Diyab is a columnist at al-Arabiya English News, writing on Syria, ISIS, and Middle East political affairs. She also writes for the monthly subscription-based "Militant Leadership Monitor", and is an analyst at The Jamestown Foundation.

### TV 
Diyab has written several successful Arab soap operas and produced several documentaries. 

She has also worked as a TV presenter on Rotana Cinema TV Channel, and held a regular guest spot on Egypt's *Hala Sarhan Show*. She hosted a weekly talk show on ANB TV in London, as well as the *Syria on the Table* TV talk show series. 

### Speaking & leadership 
Diyab is the founder and Director of Liberty Media Productions, which focuses on cross-cultural issues between Britain and the Middle East. 

Diyab has spoken at the House of Commons, the Spectator Debate**,** Leicester National Interfaith Week, Uniting for Peace, and London's Frontline Club. 

## References
Binary black hole

. The background is distorted as the intense gravity from the merger causes gravitational lensing.]]
A Binary Black Hole (often abbreviated BBH), are two black holes in close orbit around each other. The two black holes will eventually merge into one releasing a large amount of gravitational waves.

## Discovery 
For years the existence of binary black holes was only theoretical. Proving they exist was a challenge due to the nature of black holes. Although if two black holes were to ever merge this would cause a significant amount of gravitational waves to be released. The existence of binary black holes (and gravitational waves themselves) was proven when on September 2015, LIGO detected GW150914.

## References
Rotana Media Group

Rotana Media Group or Rotana Group () is an entertainment company wholly owned by Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal Al Saud. 

The group includes a film production company (Rotana Studios), free-to-air television stations (Rotana Channels), music channels (Rotana Radio), a recording company (Rotana Music Group), and other businesses.
Gracixalus medogensis

The **Medog bubble-nest frog** or **Medog small tree frog** (*Gracixalus medogensis*) is a frog.  It lives in China. Scientists have only seen it in one place: Medog County in Xixang, but they think it might live in India too. People have seen this frog between 1200 and 1500 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw this in rainforests in warm parts of the world. They found it on small, woody plants near a lake.

One of the places this frog lives is a protected park: Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve.

## References
1921-22 Austrian football championship

The  **1921-22 Austrian football championship** was organized by the Lower Austrian Football Association and contested by its members.  
Wiener Sport-Club became Austrian football champions for the first time. 
The entire 9th round on 6 November 1921 was canceled due to bad weather. The matches were played on different dates. The home advantage in the second half of the season was given to the clubs who competed away in the fall regardless of the draw. Because of the harsh winter the season had to be extended until 15 July 1922 (25 June 1922 was planned). 

## Table
*  Relegationː FC Ostmark Wien
*  Promotionː 	Wiener AC

## Matches 
### Round 1
### Round 2
### Round 3
### Round 4
### Round 5
### Round 6
### Round 7
### Round 8
### Round 9
### Round 10
### Round 11
### Round 12
### Round 13
### Round 14
### Round 15
### Round 16
### Round 17
### Round 18
### Round 19
### Round 20
### Round 21
### Round 22
### Round 23
### Round 24
### Round 25
### Round 26
## Top scorer
## Champion squad
## Champions of the Federal states 
*  Burgenlandː SV Oberwart 
*  Lower Austriaː  SV Korneuburg 1902
*  Upper Austriaː  SK Vorwärts Steyr
*  Salzburgː  1. Salzburger Sportklub 1919
*  Styriaː  Grazer AK
*  Tyrolː Innsbrucker Turnverein
*  Vorarlbergː FC Lustenau 07 
*  Carinthiaː Klagenfurter AC

## References
Eduard Kanhäuser

**Eduard Kanhäuser**, also known as *Edi* (born 18 September 1901-missing in action 22 May 1944) was an Austrian international footballer. Kanhäuser played as a goalkeeper for Wiener Sport-Club. His brother was fellow player Karl Kanhäuser.
## International statistics 
## Honours 
* Austrian Football Bundesliga: 1922
* Austrian Cupː 1923

## World War II and death
Kanhauser died on 22 May 1944 aged 42 as German soldier in  Italy in the Second world war.

## References
Hang Tuah

, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.]]
**Hang Tuah** is supposed to be a historical figure, who was a warrior. He is a famous warrior figure in Malay literature. Experts are not in agreement if he actually existed.

## Other websites
*https://www.jstor.org/stable/27865542?seq=3
World Grand Prix (snooker)

The **World Grand Prix** is a snooker tournament. It only has the top 32 players on the one-year ranking list play. The first edition was played in 2015 at the Venue Cymru in Llandudno, Wales. The reigning champion is Ronnie O'Sullivan.

## Winners
## References
## Other websites
*
Louise Ford

**Louise Ford** (born 1982) is a British comedian and actress. She has appeared in comedy television including children's sketch series *Horrible Histories* (2015–2018) and performed a leading role in *Crashing* (2016). She portrayed a fictionalised version of Catherine, Princess of Wales in *The Windsors* (2016–present). She has performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe with Yasmine Akram and with Cariad Lloyd.

## Personal life 
Ford graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 2007. After working with actor Rowan Atkinson on the play ''Quartermaine's Terms'' in 2013, the pair began a relationship, leading to Atkinson separating from his wife in 2014 and finalising divorce in 2015. Ford and Atkinson have one daughter born in 2017. Ford was previously in a relationship with comedian James Acaster between 2011 and 2013.
Volodymyr

**Volodymyr** can be

## Places
* Volodymyr (city), Volyn Oblast, Ukraine
* Volodymyrska Street, a street in Kyiv, Ukraine

## People
* Volodymyr the Great (aka St. Volodymyr, Volodymyr I of Kyiv), Grand Prince of Kyiv
* Volodymyr II Monomakh, Grand Prince of Kyiv
* Volodymyr Groysman (born 1978), was prime minister of Ukraine
* Volodymyr Herashchenko (born 1968), Ukrainian footballer
* Volodymyr Holubnychy (d. 2021), Ukrainian race walker
* Volodymyr Homenyuk (born 1985), Ukrainian footballer
* Volodymyr Horilyi (born 1965), Soviet-Ukrainian football defender
* Volodymyr Huba (d. 2020), Ukrainian composer
* Volodymyr Inozemtsev (born 1964), Ukrainian triple jumper
* Volodymyr Ivasyuk (d. 1979), Ukrainian songwriter, composer and poet
* Volodymyr Kaliuzhniy (born 1972), Ukrainian fencer
* Volodymyr Kaplychnyi (d. 2004), Soviet footballer of Jewish descent
* Volodymyr Kilikevych (born 1983), Ukrainian footballer
* Volodymyr Kozyavkin (d. 2022), Ukrainian physician and scientist
* Volodymyr Lozynskyi (d. 2020), Soviet-Ukrainian football coach and player
* Volodymyr Lukashenko (born 1980), Ukrainian sabre fencer
* Volodymyr Lyutyi (born 1962), Ukrainian football coach and player
* Volodymyr Matvienko (born 1938), Ukrainian economist and politician
* Volodymyr Mykhailenko (born 1973), Ukrainian decathlete
* Volodymyr Nikolaychuk (born 1975), Ukrainian backstroke swimmer
* Volodymyr Onyshchenko (born 1949), Soviet footballer
* Volodymyr Parasyuk (born 1987), Ukrainian public figure
* Volodymyr Pianykh (born 1951), Soviet footballer
* Volodymyr Ploskina (d. 2010), Ukrainian professional footballer
* Volodymyr Polyovyi (born 1985), Ukrainian football defender
* Volodymyr Pryyomov (born 1986), Ukrainian football player
* Volodymyr Raskatov (d. 2014), Ukrainian swimmer
* Volodymyr Romaniuk (d. 1995), the Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate
* Volodymyr Rybin (born 1980), Ukrainian racing cyclist
* Volodymyr Sabodan (d. 2014), head of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church
* Volodymyr Shatskykh (born 1981), Ukrainian former Olympic Greco-Roman wrestler
* Volodymyr Shcherbytsky (d. 1990), Ukrainian Communist and Soviet politician
* Volodymyr Starchyk (born 1980), Ukrainian racing cyclist
* Volodymyr Tkachenko (swimmer) (born 1965), Ukrainian swimmer who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics
* Volodymyr Troshkin (d. 2020), Soviet-Ukrainian football player and coach
*Volodymyr Vakulenko (d. 2022), poet, children's writer
* Volodymyr Zelenskyy, president of Ukraine since 2019, former actor and comedian
Mary de Bohun

**Mary de Bohun** (c. 1369/70 – 4 June 1394) was the first wife of Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Northampton and Hereford and the mother of King 

Henry V. Mary was never queen, as she died before her husband came to the throne as Henry IV.
Merav Michaeli

**Merav Michaeli** (born 24 November 1966) is an Israeli feminist politician, the outgoing chairman of the Labor Party and Member of the Knesset on her behalf. Served as Minister of Transportation and Road Safety in the 36th government . Before her election to the Knesset, she was a television and radio host, a lecturer on communication and gender issues, and a publicist.

 in 2013]]

 as part of the consultations after the elections to the twenty-fourth Knesset.]]

, 2015]]

## References
Jamestown Foundation

The **Jamestown Foundation** is an American think tank that was founded in 1984 as a non-governmental organization (501(c)(3) non-profit organization). The foundation's stated goal is to inform and educate decision-makers about events and trends that they believe are of "strategic" importance to the United States. The foundation claims it provides material “without political bias, filters or agenda”.

## Other websites 
* Jamestown Foundation website
* *Jamestown Foundation* at *The Militarist Monitor* website, last updated May 28, 2013.

## References
Hang Tuah (movie)

***Hang Tuah*** is a movie from 1956. It was made in Singapore and directed by Phani Majumdar. Starring actor P. Ramlee. This film was the first Malay movie to be entirely filmed in Eastman color. It tells the story of the legendary Admiral Hang Tuah from Malacca and his four close friends: Hang Jebat, Hang Kasturi, Hang Lekir, and Hang Lekiu. The movie was released on January 28, 1956, by Shaw Organisation in Singapore. It won the award for 'Best Musical Score' at the 3rd Asian Film Festival in Hong Kong in 1956 and was shown at the 7th Berlin International Film Festival in 1957, where it was nominated for the Golden Bear award.

## Related pages
* P. Ramlee filmography

## References
Vinctifer

***Vinctifer*** is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. It was erected by David Starr Jordan in 1919. It could exceed 60 cm. It is a member of the extinct order Aspidorhynchiformes.

## Fossil record 
Fossils of *Vinctifer* have been found in Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, and Antarctica.

## Description 
*Vinctifer* possessed an elongated body and did not have a supramaxilla. The mandible was robust and triangular.

## References 
# Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". *Bulletins of American Paleontology*. **363**: 1–560. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
Scottish Open (snooker)

The **Scottish Open** is a snooker tournament. The tournament was once called:  **International Open**, **Matchroom Trophy** and **Players Championship**. It was first played from 1981 until 2004.

On 29 April 2015, Barry Hearn announced it would return to the main tour in 2016. It would be as part of the new Home Nations Series. The winner of the Scottish Open is awarded the Stephen Hendry Trophy. The latest champion is Gary Wilson, who won the event in 2022 and 2023.

## History 
The tournament was first played in 1981 as the International Open. It was at the Assembly Rooms in Derby. The event moved to the Eldon Square in Newcastle upon Tyne. Until 1984 the event was sponsored by Jameson Whiskey. In 1985 the event moved to the Trentham Gardens in Stoke-on-Trent and was called the Matchroom Trophy. The International Open name returned the following year. After 1989 the event went on a two-year hiatus. In 2003 the event was moved to Royal Highland Centre in Edinburgh. The event than was titled the Players Championship for 2004. The event returned as a minor-ranking tournament and was known as the Scottish Open in 2012. It was held at Ravenscraig as the fifth event of the European Tour.

In 2015 Barry Hearn announced that the tournament would return as part of the Home Nations Series events.

Steve Davis won the event the most. He went to eight finals. He won six of those tournaments. This included a 9–0 whitewash of Dennis Taylor in the 1981 final. There have been eight maximum breaks.

## Winners
## References
Ministry of Justice (Palestine)

**The Palestinian Ministry of Justice** (), is the ministry responsible for all administrative matters related to the judiciary, law, and courts in the State of Palestine.

## Ministers of Justice 
* Zuhair Al-Sourani
* Farid Al-Jallad
Encapsulated PostScript

**Encapsulated PostScript** is a graphics file format. It describes printable documents.

EPS was developed because it is difficult to transfer images between Postscript files. An EPS file contains a bounding box. This makes it possible to calculate a preview image. The file contains either a bitmap or a vector graphic image. In essence, EPS is PostScript with a few restrictions, such as just having one page. From the file signature, people cannot tell whether the image is a bitmap or in vector format.

EPS is hardly used anymore due to the newer PDF, but is still used widely for vector image distribution.
Deir al-Balah

**Deir al-Balah** or **Deir al Balah** () is a Palestinian city located in the center of the Gaza Strip, and it is the administrative capital of the Deir al-Balah Governorate. The city is located 14 kilometers south of Gaza City and 92 kilometers from Jerusalem to the southwest. Its population was 54,439 people according to the 2007 census.

 found in Deir al-Balah. On display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa]]

 Cemetery in Deir al-Balah, 1918. (en)]]

## Related pages 
* Tel Al-Raqish

## References
FB Vis

The **Vis** or **Vis 35** (Polish designation *Pistolet wz. 35 Vis*, or simply the **Radom** in some English sources and **Vis wz. 35** in Poland) It is a Polish semi-automatic pistol. Its design was based on the Colt M1911. It was manufactured by Fabryka Broni Łucznik Radom.  

The Vis wz pistol. 35 was mainly used during World War II by the Polish armed forces and also by some German units that captured it.

The pistol began production in 1935, later used by the Polish army. When the Germans invaded Poland in 1939 (which led to World War II), they took over production of the weapon for their own forces under the name *Pistole 35(p)*. It was a weapon highly appreciated for its precision and reliability in combat.

The Vis is 9mm caliber, with a magazine capacity of 8 cartridges, its effective range is 50 m and it has a single-action trigger. It weighs 920 g without magazine.

It is currently appreciated by collectors and gun enthusiasts.
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics

The **Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics** (**PCBS**; ) is the official statistical institution of the State of Palestine. It was established as an independent statistical office in 1993. Its main mission is to provide reliable statistical figures at the national and international levels. It provides its services to governmental, non-governmental and private sectors, in addition to universities and research institutions.

## Raids by IDF 
In October 2001, the Israel Defense Forces raided the agency's headquarters. The soldiers confiscated hard drives and vandalized a number of offices.

## Other Websites 
* Official website: https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/

## References
Jiříkov

**Jiříkov** is a town in Děčín District. Děčín District is a district in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. Around 3,600 people live here.
## References
LGBT rights in Israel

**LGBT rights in Israel** are considered the most free in the Middle East. Even though sex between the same gender has been legalized in 1988, the old law not allowing sodomy has not been enforced since 1963. Israel became the first country to allow unmarried couples to live together without marriage with the same gender. Even though the country does not see marriages of people of the same gender to be valid if done in Israel, it still sees it as valid if done in a different country. Couples of the same gender are allowed to adopt children after a court ruling in 2008. LGBT people are also allowed to fight in the military even if they show their pride about being part of the LGBT community.

Tel Aviv is famous for the Pride parade that happens there every year. It was called "the gay capital of the Middle East" by *Out* magazine. Users of the website GayCities ranked it as the best gay city in 2011, even though some anti-LGBT violence happened there in the 2000s. The violence was criticized by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Shimon Peres. A monument to the gay victims of the Holocaust was built in Tel Aviv in 2014.

## Related pages
*LGBT rights in the State of Palestine

## References
Pied Piper

**Pied Piper** may refer to:

* Pied Piper of Hamelin
* Pied Piper (DC Comics)
* The Pied Piper (1942 movie)
Air Police (Palestine)

**The Palestinian Air Police** is a military body in the State of Palestine that is responsible for everything related to aircraft and landing strips in the State of Palestine.

## Origin 
The Palestinian Air Police was established in 1994 after a presidential decree was issued to change the name of the Palestinian Air Force to become the Air Police based on the decision of President Yasser Arafat.

## Its tasks 
The tasks of the Palestinian Air Police are to fully supervise the 5 helicopters belonging to the President of Palestine. The Air Police is responsible for taking off, landing, and securing all aircraft arriving into the territory of the State of Palestine. In addition to supervising all approved airstrips in the Palestinian governorates.

## West Bank sites 
The Palestinian Air Police has heliports in the cities of Ramallah, Tulkarm, Bethlehem, and Jenin. 

## Related pages 
* Palestinian National Authority

## References
John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford

**John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford** (20 June 1389 – 14 September 1435) was the third child of King Henry IV of England, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI.
860s

The **860s** was a Decade that began on 1 January 860 and ended on 31 December 869. It is distinct from the decade known as the '*87th *decade''''' which began on January 1, 861 and ended on December 31, 870.
Time Stand Still (song)

"**Time Stand Still**" is a 1987 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush and is the leading single from their 12th studio album *Hold Your Fire*. It went to number 3 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks charts, number 52 in Canada and number 42 in the United States. It was released as a duet with Aimee Mann and was covered by Nelly Furtado.
800s

**800s** might mean:
* The years between 800 and 899. It is almost the same as the 9th century (801–900).
* The yeas between 800 and 809, known as the 800s decade. It is almost the same as the 81st decade (801-810).
Witch Hunt (Rush song)

"**Witch Hunt**" is a 1981 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush and is the sixth track to their eighth studio album *Moving Pictures*. It was the B-side to their hit single *Tom Sawyer* and the song is all about their home country of Canada. It has been played live on their concerts.

## References
Tommy Gun (song)

"**Tommy Gun**" is a 1978 song by English punk rock band The Clash and is the leading single from their second studio album ''Give 'Em Enough Rope''. It went to number 19 in the United Kingdom and didn't chart anywhere in the other countries chart.

## Track listing
All tracks written by Joe Strummer/Mick Jones.
; 7" vinyl
# "Tommy Gun" – 3:18
# "1-2 Crush On You" – 2:59

## References
Historicism

**Historicism** is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying their history, that is, by studying the process through which they arose. The term is widely used in philosophy, anthropology, and sociology.

## References
Decrepit Birth

**Decrepit Birth** is an American death metal band formed in 2001.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *...And Time Begins* (2003)
* *Diminishing Between Worlds* (2008)
* *Polarity* (2010)
* *Axis Mundi* (2017)

## References
Later Gupta dynasty

After the decline of the Gupta Empire, the Later Guptas succeeded them as the rulers of Magadha. The daughter of the dynasty's founder Krishnagupta is said to have married prince Adityavarman of the Maukhari dynasty. According to the Aphsad inscription of Adityasena, Krishnagupta's grandson Jivitagupta carried out military expeditions in the Himalayan region and southwestern Bengal.

During the reign of Jivitagupta's son Kumaragupta, the dynasty developed a rivalry with the Maukharis. Kumaragupta defeated the Maukhari king Ishanavarman in 554 CE, and died at Prayaga. His son Damodaragupta suffered reverses against the Maukharis. 

Damodaragupta's son Mahasenagupta allied with the Pushyabhuti dynasty. His sister married the ruler Adityavardhana. He invaded Kamarupa and defeated Susthita Varman. But he subsequently faced three invaders: the Maukhari king Sharvavarman, the Kamarupa king Supratishthita-varman, and the Tibetan king Songtsen. His vassal Shashanka also abandoned him (and later established the independent Gauda Kingdom). The Maukhari king Sharvavarman is thought to have defeated Damodaragupta, invading Magadha circa 575 CE, which made him ruler of the entire Uttar Pradesh. Under these circumstances, Mahasenagupta was forced to flee Magadha, and take shelter in Malwa. Subsequently, the Pushyabhuti emperor Harsha (ruled ) restored the Later Gupta rule in Magadha, and they ruled as Harsha's vassals.

After Harsha's death, the Later Gupta ruler Adityasena became the sovereign ruler of a large kingdom extending from the Ganges in the north to the Chhota Nagpur in the south; and from Gomati River in the east to the Bay of Bengal in the west. However, he was defeated by the Chalukyas.

Jivitagupta II, the last known ruler of the dynasty, appears to have been defeated by Yashovarman of the Varman dynasty of Kannauj circa 750 CE.

## Related pages
*Later Mauryan dynasty
## References
Scheenstia

***Scheenstia*** is an extinct genus of freshwater and marine ray-finned fish from the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous of Europe. The teeth of this genus are called "toadstones" and were believed to be found in the head of a toad. It is part of a family called the Lepidotidae in the order Lepisosteiformes. It is related to the much better-known *Lepidotes*.

## Appearance 
A large fish, Scheenstia, could exceed one meter. It had a robust body and rounded teeth, perfect for squashing hard-bodied animals. It was probably a relatively slow swimmer. The body shape resembles the famous *Lepidotes*.

## Image gallery 
.]]

## Related pages 
* Lepidotes

## References 
## Sources 
* 
*
Henry, Duke of Cornwall

**Henry, Duke of Cornwall** (1 January 1511 – 22 February 1511) was the second child of King Henry VIII of England.
Wolfe Tone

**Wolfe Tone** (born June 20, 1763, Dublin, Ire.—died Nov. 19, 1798, Dublin) was a founder of the United Irishmen and a leading figure in the fight for Irish independence from British rule In 1798  and one of the key figures in the United Ireland rebellion of 1798.Tone helped form the Society of United Irishmen. In October 1798 attempt to land in Ireland with French troops and supplies, he was taken prisoner. Sentenced to be hanged, he died from a reportedly self-inflicted wound.
Octavie Rossignon

**Octavie Rossignon** (28 September 1807 Paris - 26 September 1871 Versailles ) was a French painter, illustrator and caricaturist .

She was one of the very first women to draw caricatures in France.

## Life 
Octavie Rossignon apprenticed with her father and the painter Horace Vernet. She exhibited at the 1831 Paris Salon, then regularly presented works there, mainly watercolors and pastels , until 1864. Her studio was located at 15, rue Buffault from 1831 until the mid-1840s, then at 44, rue des Martyrs until 1864  .

Octavie Rossignon also practiced drawing from life. In 1856. she began publishing humorous drawings in the *Petit Journal pour Rire*  and the *Journal Amusement*, edited by the cartoonist Charles Philipon.   

Around 1867, she moved to Versailles, at 13 rue de l'Impératrice.   She died at her sister's house, 23 rue Maurepas  .  

John Grand-Carteret mentioned her in his book *Les Mœurs et la Caricature en France* , published in 1888.

## References
Gracixalus supercornutus

The **tiny bubble-nest frog** or **horned bush frog** (*Gracixalus supercornutus*) is a frog.  It lives in Vietnam and Laos. People have seen it between 1100 and 1905 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in evergreen forests on hills.  The frog sits on plants over water that does not move.  The female frog lays eggs on leaves.  Sometimes the male frog watches the eggs. The eggs hatch into tadpoles.

Scientists believe this frog may be in a little danger of dying out because human beings change the places where it lives in ways that make it harder for the frog to live there. Human beings cut down forests to build roads and farms and get wood to build with. Many of the places this frog lives are protected parks: Bach Ma National Park, Ba Na National Park, Kon Ka Kinh National Park, and Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve in Vietnam and Xe Xap National Biodiversity Conservation Area and Hin Nam No National Biodiversity Conservation Area in Laos.

## First paper
*

## References
Bad Vibes Forever

***Bad Vibes Forever*** is the fourth and last studio album by American rapper, XXXTentacion. *Bad Vibes Forever* was released  on December 6, 2019. It was the last studio album that was released after his murder.

On December 23, 2017, while on house arrest, X announced the album along with *Skins* and *?*. 

On the one year anniversary of X's murder, his estate reannounced the release of the album along with the documentary *Look at Me*. 

On *Bad Vibes Forever*, he has features from notable artists like rappers Lil Wayne, Rick Ross, Joyner Lucas, singer Noah Cyrus, and pop punk band Blink-182.

The album debuted at #5 on the *Billboard* 200 and selling 65,000 album-equivalent units.

The album featured the singles "Royalty", "Hearteater", and "Bad Vibes Forever".

## Songs
## References
Working Day and Night

"**Working Day and Night**" is a 1979 song by American recording artist Michael Jackson and is the third track from his fifth studio album *Off the Wall* (1979). Despite not released as a single, Jackson performed the song live on his first two concert tours. It was used in the 2007 Ice Cube comedy movie *Are We Done Yet?*.

## Official versions
* Album version – 5:12
* Original demo from 1978 – 4:10
* *Immortal* version – 3:36
* Live at Triumph Tour (The Jacksons) – 6:53
* Live at Wembley July 16, 1988 (from the Bad World Tour, available on the deluxe edition of *Bad 25*) – 5:55

## References