open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
A-flat minor

**A-flat minor** is a minor scale starting on A.  Its key signature has seven flats.

Its relative major is C-flat major, and its parallel major is A-flat major. Its enharmonic equivalent is G-sharp minor.

A-flat minor is rarely used as the main key of a piece of music. 
More often, pieces in a minor mode that have A as the tonic are written in the enharmonic key, G-sharp minor, because it has a simpler key signature.  Because of this, there are few works in A-flat minor.

In some scores, the A minor key signature in the bass clef is written with the flat for the F on the second line from the top.

## In classical music
* The Funeral March in Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 12, Op. 26
* An early section of the last movement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 31, Op. 110 (although the key signature of this section uses only 6 flats, not 7)
* Johannes Brahms's Fugue for organ (c. 1857)
* Max Bruch's Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, Op. 88a (although at least one two-piano transcription of this uses a 6-flat signature, similarly to the Op.&nbsp;110 Beethoven example)
* the Evocación from Book I of Isaac Albéniz's *Iberia*
*Isaac Albéniz's *La Vega* (c. 1897)
* Leoš Janáček uses it for his violin sonata and the organ solo of his *Glagolitic Mass*.
* Moritz Moszkowski used it for his piano étude, opus 72 number 13.

* Also Polonaise in A-Flat Minor, Chopin

## In popular music
A-flat minor is also used in Frederick Loewe's score to the 1956 musical play *My Fair Lady*; the Second Servants' Chorus is set in A-flat minor.

Another example of popular music in A-flat minor is Walkin' on the Sun by Smash Mouth.

## Scales and keys
## References
## Other websites
* Overview of Compositions with 7 Accidentals
C-sharp major

**C major** (or **C-sharp major**) is a major scale based on C. Its key signature has seven sharps.

Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor. Its enharmonic equivalent is D major.

When a harp is tuned to C-sharp major, it has all its pedals in the bottom position. Because all the strings are made shorter in this way, it makes it less .

Most composers prefer to use the enharmonic equivalent D-flat major because it has just five flats. However, Johann Sebastian Bach actually chose C-sharp major for Prelude and Fugue No. 3 in both books of the *Well-Tempered Clavier*. In Hungarian Rhapsody No. 6, Franz Liszt changes key from D-flat major to C-sharp major near the beginning of the piece. Maurice Ravel used C-sharp major as the tonic key of *Ondine* from his piano suite *Gaspard de la nuit*. 

Louis Vierne used C-sharp major in the final piece of Messe solennelle.

## Other websites 
* Overview of Compositions with 7 Accidentals
A-sharp minor

**A-sharp minor** or **A minor** is a minor scale based on **A-sharp**. Its key signature has seven sharps.

Its relative major is C-sharp major.  Its parallel major is A-sharp major.  This is usually replaced by B-flat major, because A-sharp major's three double sharps in the key signature makes it generally impractical.   include Chopin's Polonaise-Fantaisie in A-flat major, Op. 61, which has a short passage of about 6 bars actually written in A-sharp major, putting in the necessary double-sharps as accidentals.  This is part of a theme in B major, which modulates to A-sharp major for a little while.

A-sharp minor has the enharmonic equivalent of B-flat minor. This is often used in most musical compositions instead of A-sharp minor, because A-sharp minor is not a useful key for compositions and is one of the least used minor keys in music. However, there were some composers in the past that have composed music in this key. Christian Heinrich Rinck wrote his Prelude No. 16 from Op. 15 in A-sharp minor.

## Other websites
* Overview of Compositions with 7 Accidentals

## Scales and keys
F-flat major

**F-flat major** is a major scale based on F-flat.  Its key signature has eight flats.

Its relative minor is D-flat minor, and its parallel minor is F-flat minor, usually replaced by E minor.

Part of Richard Strauss' *Metamorphosen* uses F flat major, which one commentator has called "a bitter enharmonic parody" of the earlier manifestations of E major in the piece.

To make reading and writing music easier, F-flat major is usually written as its enharmonic equivalent of E major.

## References
## Scales and keys
D-flat minor

**D-flat minor** is a theoretical key based on the musical note D. Its key signature has eight flats.

Because it has so many flats, D minor is usually written as its enharmonic equivalent of C minor. For example, Mahler's thematic motif "der kleine Appell" ("call to order") from his Fourth and Fifth Symphonies is written in D minor in Symphony No.4, but in his Symphony No. 5 it is in C minor. In the *Adagio* of his Symphony No. 9 a solo bassoon theme appears first in D minor, but comes back two more times notated in C minor. The *Adagio* of Bruckner's Symphony No. 8, also has phrases that are tonally in D minor but written as C minor.

## References
## Scales and keys
G-sharp major

**G-sharp major** is a major scale based on the musical note G sharp. Its key signature has eight sharps.

To make reading easier, G-sharp major is usually written as its enharmonic equivalent of A-flat major. However, it does appear as a secondary key area in several works in sharp keys, for example in the Prelude and Fugue in C sharp major from Bach's Well-Tempered Klavier, Book 1. The G sharp minor Prelude and Fugue from the same set end with a Picardy third in G sharp major. 
G sharp major is used for a short time in several of Chopin's nocturnes in C sharp minor. 

## References
## Scales and keys
C minor

**C minor** is a minor scale based on C. Its pitches are C, D, E, F, G, A, B, and C. Its key signature has three flats.
Its harmonic minor raises the B to B. When written in jazz notation, its short form is **Cm**.

Its relative major is E-flat major, and its parallel major is C major.

## Use in classical music
In the Baroque period, music in C minor was usually written with a two-flat key signature. When this music is printed today, sometimes it is still printed in the same way.

C minor has had the meaning of heroic  from Beethoven's time and the composer wrote many of his most emotional, dramatic works in this key. This has also been done by many others, following Beethoven's style.

These are just a few of the well-known works to be written in C minor:
* *Cello Suite No. 5 BWV 1011: VI. Gigue* - Johann Sebastian Bach
* *Great Mass in C minor (Mozart)* - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* *Piano Concerto No. 24* - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* *Piano Concerto No. 3* - Ludwig van Beethoven
* Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven), op. 67 (1804-8)
* “Choral Fantasy” in C minor, op. 80 (1808), Beethoven
* *Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor (Pathétique)* - Ludwig van Beethoven
* *Piano Sonata No. 32 (Beethoven)* - Ludwig van Beethoven
* Symphony No. 2 (Tchaikovsky) “Little Russian” in C minor, op. 17 (1872)
* *Symphony No. 8* - Anton Bruckner
* *Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor* - Sergei Rachmaninov
* *Étude Op. 10, No. 12* - Fryderyk Chopin
* *Prélude No. 20, Op. 28* - Fryderyk Chopin
* *Nocturne in C minor Op. 48, No.1* - Fryderyk Chopin
* *Symphony No. 4* - Dmitri Shostakovich
* *Symphony No. 8* - Dmitri Shostakovich
* *Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor* - Bach
* *Symphony No. 2* - Gustav Mahler

## Scales and keys
## Related pages
* List of symphonies in C minor

## References
Flat (music)

on the treble clef and bass clef]]
In music, **flat**, or ***Bemolle***, means "lower in pitch." In music notation, **flat** means "lower in pitch by a semitone (half step)," and has the symbol ().  The Unicode character * (U+266D) is the flat sign. Its HTML entity is &amp;#9837;.

Under twelve tone equal temperament, *C flat* is the same as, or enharmonically equivalent to, *B natural*, and *G flat* is the same as *F sharp''.

**Double flats** also exist, which look like  and lower a note by two semitones, or a whole step. Sometimes you will encounter half or three-quarter flats. The Unicode character '&#x1D12B;' &#x1D12B; (U+1D12B) represents the double flat sign.

A **triple flat** can be found, but it is very rare.  It lowers a note three semitones. 

The note *A flat* is shown in musical notation in Figure 1, together with *A double flat*. 

In tuning, flat can also mean "slightly lower in pitch". If the same note is played on two instruments at the same time, the lower-pitched one is flat compared to the higher-pitched one.

A **half flat**, showing quarter tones, is sometimes shown with a flat with a slash () or a reversed flat sign. A **three-quarter flat** is represented by a half flat and a regular flat.

## Related pages
* Accidental
* Sharp
* Natural symbol (music)
* Electronic tuner

## References
Gárdony

**Gárdony**, "the capital of Lake Velencei", is a holiday resort on the south side of the lake. It is 45 kilometers from Budapest and 20 kilometers from Székesfehérvár. It has active recreation, entertainment facilities, different kinds of accommodation and restaurants for the whole year.

## Other website 
* Gárdony.hu
D-sharp minor

**D-sharp minor** is a minor scale based on **D **.  For the harmonic minor, the C is raised to C.  Its key signature has six sharps.

E-flat minor is its enharmonic equivalent.  Its relative major is F-sharp major, and its parallel major is D-sharp major. This is usually replaced by E-flat major, because D-sharp major's two double sharps make it impractical to use.

Since D-sharp minor and its enharmonic equivalent both have key signatures of six accidentals, neither one is clearly used instead of the other. For example, using the melodic minor version of D-sharp minor on the harp is very difficult. The B-pedal can be set to the sharp position, but there is no double-sharp position to set the C-pedal at. In Book I of *The Well-Tempered Clavier*, Bach chose to write the eighth prelude in E-flat minor but the accompanying fugue in D-sharp minor. (In Book II, Bach wrote both the eighth Prelude and Fugue in D-sharp minor.)

Music written in this key is considered very difficult to read, which means that little music was written mainly in this key in the Classical era. E-flat minor is easier for many brass instruments and woodwinds.

The most famous work in this key is Scriabin's famous Etude Op. 8, No. 12. Russian composer Lyapunov must also have liked the key because he wrote the second etude of his Op. 11 set in the key, and also fifteen years later his Variations on a Russian Theme, Op. 49.  His early Piano Concerto No. 1, Op. 4 was also in the enharmonic key of E-flat minor.

In a few scores, 6-sharp key signatures in the bass clef are written with the sharp for the A on the top line. This is not done often, because it is different from the treble clef.

This key is not used often in orchestral music, but is used more in keyboard music. When arranging this piano music for orchestra, some people recommend transposing the music to D minor or E minor. If D-sharp minor must be used,  B-flat wind instruments should have their parts written in F minor, rather than E-sharp minor.

## Scales and keys
President of Chile

The **President of Chile** is the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. Under the current Constitution (adopted in 1980), the President is elected by popular vote, for a period of maximum four years. Immediate re-election is not permitted. The period allows the elections of Presidents to be adjusted in time.

The President has a seat in the Palacio de La Moneda (La Moneda Palace), in the capital of Chile, Santiago.

The current president of Chile is José Antonio Kast since 2026.

## List of presidents
### Presidential Republic (1990–present) 
## Living former presidents
There are four living former Chilean presidents:

File:Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 1999 (No background).png|**Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle**(served 1994–2000)
File:Ricardo Lagos Escobar 2006 (No background).png|**Ricardo Lagos**(served 2000–2006)
File:Portrait Michelle Bachelet.jpg|**Michelle Bachelet**(served 2006–2010; 2014–2018)
File:Retrato Oficial Presidente Boric Font.jpg| **Gabriel Boric**(served 2022–2026) 

The most recent death of a former President, was Sebastián Piñera on February 6, 2024, who served in the office from 2010 until 2014 and again from 2018 to 2022.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* Gobierno de Chile/Government of Chile
Japanese Regional Leagues

**Japanese Regional Leagues** is a football league which is fourth division in Japan.

## Related pages
* Sports in Japan
* J. League Division 1
* J. League Division 2
* Japan Football League

## References
K League 1

The **K League 1**, known as the **K League Classic** until 2017, is a football league which is the top division in South Korea. It is part of the K League.

## Clubs 
## Champions 
### 1983-2000 
### 2001- 
## References
Süper Lig

**Süper Lig** is a football league which is top division in Turkey.

## League name 
* 1957-1959 : **Turkish Federation Cup**
* 1959-2001 : **First League**
* 2001-present : **Süper Lig**

## Club 2010/11 
* Beşiktaş
* Sivasspor
* Trabzonspor
* Fenerbahçe
* Galatasaray
* Bursaspor
* Kayserispor
* Gaziantepspor
* İstanbul
* Konyaspor
* Eskişehirspor
* Antalyaspor
* Ankaragücü
* Gençlerbirliği
* Kardemir Karabükspor
* Manisaspor
* Bucaspor
* Kasımpaşa

## Champions 
### Former champions 
## References
Sharp (music)

In music, **sharp**, or ***Diese***, means higher in pitch.  In musical notation, sharp means "higher in pitch by a semitone (half step)," and looks like this:().
 F sharp on the treble clef and bass clef.]]

Under twelve-tone equal temperament, *B sharp*, for instance, is enharmonically equivalent to (sounds the same as), *C natural*, and *G sharp* is enharmonically equivalent to *A flat*.

**Double sharps** also exist; these have the symbol  and raise a note by two semitones, or a whole step. Less often there are half or three-quarter sharps.

Although very rare and used only in modern classical music, a **triple sharp** ( ) can sometimes be found. This raises a note by three semitones.

The Circle of fifths tells you how many sharps are in a key signature.

In tuning, sharp can also mean "slightly higher in pitch". If the same note is played on two instruments, and one is slightly higher, it is too sharp compared to the other.

In Unicode, the sharp symbol (♯) is at code point U+266F. Its HTML entity is &amp;#9839;. The double sharp symbol () is at U+1D12A. Some fonts do not show these symbols.

## Related pages
* Accidental (music)
* Flat (music)
* Natural symbol (music)
* Electronic tuner

## References
New Zealand men's national football team

The **New Zealand national football team** is the national football team of New Zealand. They are commonly known as the **All Whites**. In New Zealand, football is often called soccer in spoken English.

## FIFA 2010 
In the 2010 FIFA world cup, the All whites played in group F, along with Italy, Paraguay and Slovakia. 
The All Whites played Slovakia to start off with and drew 1-1. The All Whites then played Italy, and surprisingly also drew 1-1, taking all of New Zealand by surprise. NZ then played Paraguay as the deciding match, in this game, Paraguay and New Zealand drew 0-0. This is the first world cup where New Zealand has scored a goal and the first world cup where NZ is undefeated.
The All whites have so much help by the fans, Ricki Herbert and Neil Emblen so I would like to celebrate them for all they have done and support.

## References
Theoretical key

In music theory, **theoretical keys** or **impossible keys** are keys with key signatures that contain one or more double-flats or double-sharps.
 
Double-flats and double-sharps are used in music as accidentals, but they are rarely placed in the key signature (in music that uses equal temperament), because it would make reading the key signature very difficult.

For example, the key of G major is rarely used to write music down, because its key signature has an F. An equal-tempered scale of G major has exactly the same notes as the A major scale. Key pairs like this are called enharmonically equivalent. So the theoretical key of G major is usually written with the key signature of A major.

## Enharmonic equivalence
A piece of Western music usually has a home key, and a passage within it may modulate to another key, which is usually closely related to the home key. (Usually, close to the original around the circle of fifths.) When the key is near the top of the circle (a key signature of zero or few accidentals), the writing of both keys is easy- a small number of extra sharps or flats is added.  But if the home key is near the bottom of the circle (a key signature with many accidentals), enharmonic equivalence may need to be used because simply adding accidentals will result in a key with too many accidentals to be easy to play or write in.

## The need to consider theoretical keys
In each of the bottom three places on the circle of fifths the two enharmonic equivalents *can* both be written without double-sharps or double-flats and so do not classify as 'theoretical keys':

But when a relative key is on the opposite side of the circle from its home key, then in theory modulating to that key would involve adding so many sharps or flats that double-sharps and double-flats would have to be written in the key signature. The following keys (six of them are the parallel major/minor keys of those above) would require up to seven double-sharps or double-flats:

For example, if a piece in E major were to modulate up a fifth to B major, which is next to it on the circle and on the same side of the circle, the notation is clear and simple; an extra sharp is added to make five sharps. If it was modulated again, it would become F major, written with six sharps. The next modulation, to C has seven sharps. But the next modulation would be to a theoretical key of G which would need an eighth sharp- for the previous F note to become F in the key signature. To avoid theoretical keys, the new section would usually be written in the enharmonically equivalent key signature of A major. Claude Debussy's Suite bergamasque does the same: in the third movement "Clair de lune" the key shifts from D-flat major to D-flat minor (eight flats) for a few measures but the passage is notated in C-sharp minor (four sharps).
Aron Nimzowitsch

**Aron Nimzowitsch** (7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935) was a Jewish Latvian-born Danish chess grandmaster, and a very influential chess writer. He was the foremost figure amongst the *hypermoderns*.

:"As a player he ranked third in the world... from about 1925 to 1930; as an innovator he founded the hypermodern school of chess; as a writer of instructional books he was unrivalled in his time".p272

He wrote an important text on chess strategy called *My system: a chess treatise*, which is still highly regarded. It is a foundation of modern positional chess, and has been read by most chess masters since then. In it he reacted against the more classical views of Siegbert Tarrasch. Later he wrote *Chess praxis* (1929), a collection of his games showing his ideas in practice.

Nimzowitsch was the subject of a chess biography by English grandmaster Ray Keene, which was translated into Russian in 1986.

## Related pages
*Hypermodern

## References
Dale's Supermarket Sweep

'''''Dale's Supermarket Sweep*** (also ***Supermarket Sweep''''') is a UK game show based on the American Supermarket Sweep TV show format. Originally hosted by Dale Winton, it ran for exactly between 1993 & 2001 and then revived 12 February and 31 August 2007 on ITV and then it hosted on ITV2 with Rylan Clark-Neal this time as host since 2019. Between 1993 & 2001 it was filmed at Central's Lenton Lane studios. As of 2007 it is filmed at Maidstone Studios.

## Other websites
*.
*.
*''Dale's Supermarket Sweep (1993-2001)*  at BFI.
**Dale's All Star Supermarket Sweep*  at BFI.
**Dale's Supermarket Sweep (2007)*  at BFI.
**Dale's Supermarket Sweep''  at UKGameshows.com.
Goliath

**Goliath** () was a Philistine warrior in the Old Testament. He was the champion of the warriors of town of Gath. The name refers to Greek name Alyattes.

Goliath was unusually large. His height was said to be "six cubits and a span"  - some 290&nbsp;cm - and he fought as armoured charioteer. The Bible describes how he challenged the Israelite warriors for single-handed duel, but nobody dared to fight with him.

David, who was fourteen years old at this time, finally answered to challenge. He was skilled on use of sling, and he found out a way how he could win him. He accurately slung a stone on Goliath's forehead, just below his helmet. The stone knocked Goliath out. He fell to the ground. David then ran to unconscious Goliath, pulled his sword off the scabbard, and cut his head off. Seeing a fourteen-year-old boy killing their champion, the Philistine army demoralized.

The Dead Sea Scrolls say Goliath's height was a more credible "four cubits and a span", in modern measurements 202&nbsp;cm. At the era when man's average height was some 160&nbsp;cm, he would still have looked like a giant.
Sukoró

**Sukoró** is a holiday resort in Hungary on the north coast of Lake Velencei and at the south base of Velencei Hills.  The victory at Pákozd-Sukoró in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 established the reputation of the village. The war council before the battle was held in the protected Calvinist Church of Sukoró.

## Other websites 
*Sukoró.hu
Swiss Super League

**Swiss Super League** is a football league which is top division in Switzerland.

## 2022-23 season
### Participating clubs
The teams competing in the 2022-23 season are

## Champions
### Former champions
*1897/98 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1898/99 : Anglo-American Zürich
*1899/00 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1900/01 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1901/02 : Zürich
*1902/03 : Young Boys
*1903/04 : St. Gallen
*1904/05 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1905/06 : Winterthur
*1906/07 : Servette
*1907/08 : Winterthur
*1908/09 : Young Boys
*1909/10 : Young Boys
*1910/11 : Young Boys
*1911/12 : Aarau
*1912/13 : Lausanne-Sport
*1913/14 : Aarau
*1914/15 : Brühl St. Gallen
*1915/16 : Neuchâtel Xamax
*1916/17 : Winterthur
*1917/18 : Servette
*1918/19 : Etoile-Sporting
*1919/20 : Young Boys
*1920/21 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1921/22 : Servette
*1922/23 : Bern
*1923/24 : Zürich
*1924/25 : Servette
*1925/26 : Servette
*1926/27 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1927/28 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1928/29 : Young Boys
*1929/30 : Servette
*1930/31 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1931/32 : Lausanne-Sport
*1932/33 : Servette
*1933/34 : Servette
*1934/35 : Lausanne-Sport
*1935/36 : Lausanne-Sport
*1936/37 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1937/38 : Lugano
*1938/39 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1939/40 : Servette
*1940/41 : Lugano
*1941/42 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1942/43 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1943/44 : Lausanne-Sport
*1944/45 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1945/46 : Servette
*1946/47 : Biel-Bienne
*1947/48 : Bellinzona
*1948/49 : Lugano
*1949/50 : Servette
*1950/51 : Lausanne-Sport
*1951/52 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1952/53 : Basel
*1953/54 : La Chaux-de-Fonds
*1954/55 : La Chaux-de-Fonds
*1955/56 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1956/57 : Young Boys
*1957/58 : Young Boys
*1958/59 : Young Boys
*1959/60 : Young Boys
*1960/61 : Servette
*1961/62 : Servette
*1962/63 : Zürich
*1963/64 : La Chaux-de-Fonds
*1964/65 : Lausanne-Sport
*1965/66 : Zürich
*1966/67 : Basel
*1967/68 : Zürich
*1968/69 : Basel
*1969/70 : Basel
*1970/71 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1971/72 : Basel
*1972/73 : Basel
*1973/74 : Zürich
*1974/75 : Zürich
*1975/76 : Zürich
*1976/77 : Basel
*1977/78 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1978/79 : Servette
*1979/80 : Basel
*1980/81 : Zürich
*1981/82 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1982/83 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1983/84 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1984/85 : Servette
*1985/86 : Young Boys
*1986/87 : Neuchâtel Xamax
*1987/88 : Neuchâtel Xamax
*1988/89 : Luzern
*1989/90 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1990/91 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1991/92 : Sion
*1992/93 : Aarau
*1993/94 : Servette
*1994/95 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1995/96 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1996/97 : Sion
*1997/98 : Grasshopper Zürich
*1998/99 : Servette
*1999/00 : St. Gallen
Cyprus (island)

**Cyprus** is a Mediterranean island off the coasts of Syria and Turkey. It is the third-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea; Sicily and Sardinia are larger. It is slightly larger than Puerto Rico. Geographically, it is part of Asia and in the Middle East, but for political reasons, it is sometimes counted as being part of Europe. Cyprus was part of the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years. The Greek god Aphrodite was from Cyprus. There are two states on the island:
* The Republic of Cyprus (internationally recognized) is also part of the European Union. Most of the world considers the whole island to be the Republic of Cyprus. Greek is the most spoken language in the Republic of Cyprus.
* The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the northern part of the island. The only nation that recognizes this entity is Turkey. 

These states are separated by a buffer zone, which is controlled by the United Nations. In addition to the two countries, there are Akrotiri and Dhekelia, two territories on the south zone which are under British control, and which are used as military bases. 

The island has been Greek for thousands of years of recorded history, many empires have ruled Cyprus. They include Assyria, ancient Egypt Persia, Alexander the Great, the Roman Empire, the Byzantines, Arab caliphates for a short period, France, the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire. Cyprus is often described as an 'unsinkable aircraft carrier' due to its strategic position in the Eastern Mediterranean.

## References
Kápolnásnyék

**Kápolnásnyék** is a village in Fejér county, Hungary.

## History 
The excavations in the surroundings revealed Bronze-Age artefacts, proving that the area was already populated in ancient times.

The name of the settlement originates from the name of the Nyék tribe (coming to Hungary during the settlement of Hungarian tribes).  The first residents probably belonged to a subgroup of the tribe. When István I. defeated Koppány, Nyék became a land of the queen. The name of the settlement is mentioned first in 1193 as Neck. Later the names Kápolnás Nyék, Káposztás Nyék, and Fertőfő Nyék are used to mention this rather insignificant place located between Buda and Fehérvár, which is south of the commercial route. As a border village Kápolnásnyék suffered from double taxation during the Turkish occupation (both Hungary and the Turkish Empire collected taxes). Therefore the population of the village decreased considerably and it even became uninhabited during the Turkish campaign of 1543. People returned to the village in 1772. 

During the 19th century Upper and Lower Nyék were differentiated, even after 1861, when the Southem  Railway was built. It is mentioned as an independent village first in 1871, to which Pettend was attached in 1898. Mihály Vörösmarty was born here.

The present appearance of the village was formed in the 1930s, when it became a commercial and service background for the booming tourism of Lake Velencei. The phone system, the gendarme patrol, local medical care, the railway station and the mill were established in this period. The settlement was damaged in World War II, when the majority of the population also died. The village was also behind in development, compared to other settlements of the region and it became a part of Velence by the 1970s. Kápolnásnyék declared its independence in 1990 and has gone though considerable development since then. It once again became the background for the tourism of Lake Velencei, where commercial service facilities are established and the infrastructure is developing rapidly.

## Other websites 
* Kápolnásnyék.hu
E minor

**E minor** (Em, Mim) is a minor scale based on the note E, with the pitches E, F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one sharp, F .

Its relative major is G major, and its parallel major is E major.

A lot of classical guitar music is in E minor, because this key is very suited for the instrument. When it is  normally, four of the instrument's six strings are part of the tonic chord. The key is also very popular in heavy metal music, because the lowest note on a guitar, E, can be used a lot.

E minor was one of the most-often used keys by Felix Mendelssohn. 

## Famous classical music in this key 
**Symphony No. 4* - Johannes Brahms
**Nocturne in E Minor* - Frédéric Chopin
**Piano Concerto No. 1* - Frédéric Chopin
**Prelude in E Minor (Chopin)* - Frédéric Chopin
**Symphony No. 9 "From the New World"* - Antonín Dvořák
**Cello Concerto* - Edward Elgar
**Symphony No. 44 "Trauer"* - Joseph Haydn
**Symphony No. 7* - Gustav Mahler
**Violin Concerto in E Minor* - Felix Mendelssohn 
**Caprice No. 3* - Nicolò Paganini
**Symphony No. 2* - Sergei Rachmaninov
**Vocalise Op. 34 No. 14* - Sergei Rachmaninov
**Symphony No. 10* - Dmitri Shostakovich
**Symphony No. 1* - Jean Sibelius
**Symphony No. 5* - Tchaikovsky
**Symphony No. 6* - Ralph Vaughan Williams
**Concerto for Bassoon, Strings, and continuo,* RV 484 - Antonio Vivaldi
* *Slavonic Dances No. 2 Op. 72* - Antonín Dvořák
See also: List of symphonies in E minor

## Scales and keys
Sue

**Sue** may mean:

*The act of filing a lawsuit
*Sue (dinosaur), the largest Tyrannosaurus rex fossil ever found
Seikima-II

**Seikima-II** (read as "seikimatsu", which means "The End of the Century") is a Japanese heavy metal band formed by Damian Hamada in 1982.

Their music could be described as similar to the music of other heavy metal bands like Iron Maiden and Judas Priest.
Areopagitica

***Areopagitica*** is a book written by English poet John Milton in 1644.  He wrote it to protest against censorship. Its full title is *Areopagitica: A speech of Mr. John Milton for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the Parliament of England*. Today, his book is called a tract. In the tract, Milton tries to defend the freedom of expression. Today, many people see it as one of the best defenses of the freedom of press ever written.

The tract is named after a speech by Isocrates, a Greek orator of the 5th century. The Areopagus is a hill in Athens, where many councils and tribunals were held. Isocrates wanted to restore one of these tribunals when he wrote the speech. In the  speech,Milton argued that the Licensing Order of 1643 should be abolished; censorship had not been part of Greek or Roman societies. Milton uses many passages from the Bible to strengthen his argument. Milton had been censored himself when he tried to publish tracts which were in favor of allowing people to get divorced. 

In *Areopagitica*, Milton argues that the status that was there before had worked best: By this law, all publications needed an authors name or that of a publisher. According to Milton, it is easy to find the authors or the publishers with this system. So if anything libelous is published, the books can still be destroyed after the fact.
Defamation

**Defamation** is saying or writing something about another person that hurts their reputation. Usually, when people use the word *defamation*, it means that the statement is not true. In this case, it is against the law. A statement that is defamation is called *defamatory*.

In order to be defamatory, a statement has to claim to be a fact instead of an opinion. For example, saying, "Mr. Jones is mean" cannot be defamatory, because it is someone's opinion. However, if someone says, "Mr. Jones steals candy from children", then the statement is defamatory *if* it is not true, because it would be a fact, not an opinion.

If a defamatory statement is written, such as in a book or in a newspaper, it is called **libel**. If it is spoken out loud, it is called **slander**. Somebody who is the victim of defamation can sue the person who wrote or said it.

Defamation is a tool of bullying.

## Defamation laws
Defamation laws are not the same in every country. In most countries it is a civil wrong or tort. In some it is a crime. In many countries the burden of proof is on the person claiming that somebody is defaming them. This means they have to prove that the thing that was said about them is false. However, in England, it is the other way around. If somebody claims that a statement is defamation, the person who made the statement has to prove the statement is true.

## References
Northern United States

while it passed over the Northern United States.]]
The **Northern United States**, commonly referred to as the **American North** or simply **the North**, may be either a geographic or a historical term.

Geographically, the term includes the U.S. states and regions of the United States that are located across the northernmost part of the country. It includes but is not limited to states along the Canada–United States border.

## Census Bureau 
The United States Census Bureau divides some of the Northern United States into the Midwest Region and the Northeast Region. The Census Bureau also includes the northernmost states of the Northwest, those that are in the West.

## Related pages 
*Southeastern United States
*Yankee

## References
Belgian Pro League

The **Belgian First Division A** (in the past known as the **Belgian First Division** and **Belgian Pro League**, and as the **Jupiler Pro League** for sponsorship reasons) is a men's football league which is the top division in Belgium.

## 2016–17 clubs 
* Anderlecht
* Brugge
* Charleroi
* Eupen
* Genk
* Gent
* Kortrijk
* Lokeren
* Mechelen
* Mouscron-Péruwelz
* Oostende
* Sint-Truidense
* Standard Liège
* Waasland-Beveren
* Westerlo
* Zulte Waregem

## Champions since 2000 
### Former champions 
* 1895/96 : Liégeois
* 1896/97 : Bruxelles
* 1897/98 : Liégeois
* 1898/99 : Liégeois
* 1899/00 : Bruxelles
* 1900/01 : Bruxelles
* 1901/02 : Bruxelles
* 1902/03 : Bruxelles
* 1903/04 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1904/05 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1905/06 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1906/07 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1907/08 : Bruxelles
* 1908/09 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1909/10 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1910/11 : Cercle Brugeois
* 1911/12 : Daring Molenbeek
* 1912/13 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1913/14 : Daring Molenbeek
* 1919/20 : Brugeois
* 1920/21 : Daring Molenbeek
* 1921/22 : Beerschot
* 1922/23 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1923/24 : Beerschot
* 1924/25 : Beerschot
* 1925/26 : Beerschot
* 1926/27 : Brugeois
* 1927/28 : Beerschot
* 1928/29 : Royal Antwerp
* 1929/30 : Brugeois
* 1930/31 : Royal Antwerp
* 1931/32 : Liersche
* 1932/33 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1933/34 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1934/35 : Union Saint-Gilloise
* 1935/36 : Daring Molenbeek
* 1936/37 : Daring Molenbeek
* 1937/38 : Beerschot
* 1938/39 : Beerschot
* 1941/42 : Liersche
* 1942/43 : Malinois
* 1943/44 : Royal Antwerp
* 1945/46 : Malinois
* 1946/47 : Anderlechtois
* 1947/48 : Malinois
* 1948/49 : Anderlechtois
* 1949/50 : Anderlechtois
* 1950/51 : Anderlechtois
* 1951/52 : Liégeois
* 1952/53 : Liégeois
* 1953/54 : Anderlechtois
* 1954/55 : Anderlechtois
* 1955/56 : Anderlechtois
* 1956/57 : Royal Antwerp
* 1957/58 : Standard
* 1958/59 : Anderlechtois
* 1959/60 : Lierse
* 1960/61 : Standard
* 1961/62 : Anderlechtois
* 1962/63 : Standard
* 1963/64 : Anderlechtois
* 1964/65 : Anderlechtois
* 1965/66 : Anderlechtois
* 1966/67 : Anderlechtois
* 1967/68 : Anderlechtois
* 1968/69 : Standard
* 1969/70 : Standard
* 1970/71 : Standard
* 1971/72 : Anderlechtois
* 1972/73 : Brugge
* 1973/74 : Anderlechtois
* 1974/75 : Molenbeek
* 1975/76 : Brugge
* 1976/77 : Brugge
* 1977/78 : Brugge
* 1978/79 : Beveren
* 1979/80 : Brugge
* 1980/81 : Anderlechtois
* 1981/82 : Standard Liège
* 1982/83 : Standard Liège
* 1983/84 : Beveren
* 1984/85 : Anderlechtois
* 1985/86 : Anderlechtois
* 1986/87 : Anderlechtois
* 1987/88 : Brugge
* 1988/89 : Mechelen
* 1989/90 : Brugge
* 1990/91 : Anderlechtois
* 1991/92 : Brugge
* 1992/93 : Anderlechtois
* 1993/94 : Anderlecht
* 1994/95 : Anderlecht
* 1995/96 : Brugge
* 1996/97 : Lierse
* 1997/98 : Brugge
* 1998/99 : Genk
* 1999/00 : Anderlecht
Neoteny

**Neoteny** is a type of heterochrony. It is a change in the timing of development in an animal. It is where bodily development is slowed, but sexual development goes on at the same rate. At the extreme, this results in a sexually mature juvenile or larval form. A classic example of that is the Axolotl salamander.

It has often been suggested that the human species is an example of neoteny. There are features of adult humans that are more like those of juvenile apes than adult apes. 

These are some of the neotenous traits in humans: 
#Flattened face, broadened face, large brain, small nose, 
#Larger eyes, 
#Upright stance.

In some texts these differences may be called paedomorphosis, meaning "like a child". The term "K-selection" is sometimes used to describe this evolutionary process. The process is all part of a situation where the species benefits from the longer-lasting of juvenile features into adult life.

If we continue the list into physiology and behaviour, we find:
#Longer period of brain growth
#Longer period of learning
#Culture passed on through generations
#Mating deferred to older ages than apes
#Longer life
#Origin of articulate speech
#Larger social groups

This second list shows how the first list becomes the basis for the larger groups of modern man and their better transmission of experiences to later generations.

## References
The Sims Bustin' Out

'''''The Sims Bustin' Out'''* is a 2003 life simulation game released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, Nintendo GameCube, Game Boy Advance, and N-Gage. It is part of *The Sims* game series. It is the second *Sims* game to be released on a console.

## Other websites 
**The Sims Bustin' Out'' official EA page
Gavin de Beer

Sir **Gavin Rylands de Beer** FRS (1899–1972) was a British evolutionary embryologist. He was Director of the London Natural History Museum, President of the Linnean Society, and received the Royal Society's Darwin Medal for his studies on evolution.

In the First World War he served in the Grenadier Guards. Later, he taught at Oxford University zoology department. In 1938, he was made Reader in Embryology at University College London. During the Second World War de Beer again served with the Grenadier Guards reaching the rank of temporary lieutenant colonel. He worked in military intelligence, propaganda and psychological warfare. Also during the war, in 1940, he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society.

In 1945, de Beer became Professor of Zoology and was, from 1946 to 1949, President of the Linnean Society. Then he was Director of the British Museum (Natural History) from 1950 until his retirement in 1960. He was knighted in 1954, and awarded the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1957.

## Books 
de Beer wrote 25 books, of which these are still noteworthy:
**An introduction to experimental embryology* — 1926
**Early travellers in the Alps* — 1930
**Embryology and evolution* — 1930 (later editions bore the title *Embryos and ancestors*)
**The elements of experimental embryology* — 1934 (co-written with Julian Huxley)
**The development of the vertebrate skull* — 1937
**Archaeopteryx lithographica* – 1954
*''Darwin's journal: Darwin's notebooks on the transmutaion of species* — 1959
**Reflections of a Darwinian* — 1962
**Homology, an unsolved problem* — 1971
**Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his world'' — 1972

## References
Heterochrony

**Heterochrony** (= *different time*) is any change in the timing of development in an animal or plant. It is a key concept in developmental biology and evolution, introduced by Ernst Haeckel in 1875. It applies to the time a trait appears in the growth of an organism, or to the timing of gene expression in development.p203

Its importance in biology is to explain the way closely related animals may come to have quite large differences in shape, and size, whilst nevetheless having a rather similar genome. The main components are the time a process starts and stops in development, and the rate at which the process works. 

In his book *Embryos and evolution* (1930) Gavin de Beer stressed the importance of heterochrony, and especially **paedomorphosis**, in evolution. Changes to the genes which control timing in development can produce quite striking changes in the adult. de Beer also conceived the idea of *clandestine evolution*, which helped to explain the sudden changes in the fossil record which were apparently at odds with Darwin's gradual theory of evolution. If a novelty were to evolve gradually in an animal's juvenile form, then its development might not appear in the fossil record at all. Then, if the species were to undergo neoteny, the feature would appear suddenly in the fossil record, despite having evolved gradually. Stephen Jay Gould commented on de Beer's book:
:"In a series of remarkable books that established the synthetic theory of evolution, Gavin de Beer's *Embryology and evolution* was the first and the shortest (1930; expanded and retitled *Embryos and ancestors*, 1940; 3rd ed 1958). In 116 pages de Beer brought embryology into the developing orthodoxy... for more than forty years, this book has dominated English thought on the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny." Stephen Gould 

## Related terms 
***Paedomorphosis**: a change in the genotype so the adults of a species retain traits previously seen only in juveniles.
****Neoteny**: in which bodily development is slowed, but sexual development continues at the same rate. This results in a sexually mature juvenile or larval form. See Axolotl.
****Progenesis**: in which development is halted before full maturity. 
****Postdisplacement**: in which the start of development is delayed.

## References
Castile and León

**Castile and León** (), known formally as the **Community of Castile and León**, is one of the 17 autonomous communities of Spain.
Province of Castellón

**Province of Castellón** () or **Castelló** (Valencian/Catalan) is a province in the northern part of the Valencian Community, Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Valencia, Teruel, Tarragona, and the Mediterranean Sea.
Province of A Coruña

**A Coruña** (;  ; historical ) is the most northwestern Atlantic-facing province of Spain. It is one of the four provinces which make up the autonomous community of Galicia. This province is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and north. The Pontevedra Province surrounds it to the south and the Lugo Province to the east.

## Related pages 
* List of municipalities in A Coruña

## References
Province of Córdoba (Spain)

**Córdoba** (, '**), called **Cordova''' in English, is a province of southern Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Málaga, Sevilla, Badajoz, Ciudad Real, Jaén, and Granada. Its area is 13,769&nbsp;km². It is majority Muslim with a large Catholic minority.
Alfred Waterhouse

**Alfred Waterhouse** (19 July 1830 – 22 August 1905) was an English architect, particularly associated with the Victorian Gothic revival. He is perhaps best known for his design for Manchester Town Hall and the Natural History Museum in London, although he also built a wide variety of other buildings throughout the country. Financially speaking, Waterhouse was probably the most successful of all Victorian architects. Though expert within Gothic and Renaissance styles, Waterhouse never limited himself to a single architectural style.

## References
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit

***Law & Order: Special Victims Unit*** (simply known as ***Law & Order: SVU*** or ***SVU***) is an American police procedural crime drama television series created by Dick Wolf for NBC. The first spin-off of *Law & Order*, expanding it into the *Law & Order* franchise, *Law & Order: Special Victims Unit* follows the detectives of the Special Victims Unit as they investigate and prosecute sexually based crimes. Some of the episodes are loosely based on real crimes that have received media attention.

The series has received 108 award nominations, winning 59 awards. Hargitay was the first regular cast member on any *Law & Order* series to win an Emmy Award when she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2006.

## Cast 
* Christopher Meloni as Elliot Stabler
* Mariska Hargitay as Olivia Benson
* Richard Belzer as John Munch
* Dann Florek as Donald Cragen
* Michelle Hurd as Monique Jeffries
* Stephanie March as Alexandra Cabot
* Ice-T as Odafin Tutuola
* BD Wong as George Huang
* Diane Neal as Casey Novak
* Tamara Tunie as Melinda Warner
* Adam Beach as Chester Lake
* Michaela McManus as Kim Greylek
* Danny Pino as Nick Amaro
* Kelli Gaddish as Amanda Rollins
* Raul Esparza as Rafael Barba
* Peter Scanavino as Dominick Carisi Jr.
* Philip Winchester as Peter Stone
* Jamie Grey Hyder as Katriona "Kat" Tamin
* Demore Barnes as Christian Garland
* Octavio Pisano as Joe Velasco

## Notes
## References 
## Other websites 
* Official websites for the show from NBC
* 
*
Faber Drive

**Faber Drive** is a Juno award nominated band from Canada. They became a band in 2004 when they were discovered by Nickelback frontman, Chad Kroeger and later released their debut album *Seven Second Surgery*. They are signed to 604 records which is the area code of the lower mainland of Vancouver.

Their name comes from the lead singer, Dave Faber's last name.

Their newest album is ''can'T keEp A SecrEt* (sylized to say "TEASE"), which came to stores in 2009.

## Albums 
***Seven Second Surgery** (2007)
** Singles include: "*G-Get Up and Dance*", "*Give Him Up*" and "*You and I Tonight*"
**'can'T keEp A SecrEt'* (2009) 
** Singles include: "*Second Chance*", "*Tongue Tied*", "*When I'm With You*" and "*Sleepless Nights (Never Let Her Go)''"

## Websites
Faber Drive's Official website