1993

**1993** (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday in the Gregorian calendar.

## Events 
### January 
* January 1 – Czechoslovakia divides. Establishment of independent Slovakia and Czech Republic.
* January 3 – In Moscow, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START).
* January 5 – Washington State executes Westley Allan Dodd by hanging (the first legal hanging in America since 1965).
* January 9 – Jean-Claude Romand kills his family and tries to burn himself with his home in France.
*January 15 – Salvatore Riina, the Mafia boss known as 'The Beast', is arrested in Sicily after three-decades as a fugitive
* January 18 – For the first time, Martin Luther King Jr. holiday is officially observed in all 50 United States states.
* January 19
** IBM announces a $4.97 billion loss for 1992 which is the largest single-year corporate loss in United States history.
** Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM inspectors to use its own aircraft to fly into Iraq, and begins military operations in the demilitarized zone between Iraq and Kuwait, and the northern No-fly Zone. US forces fire approximately 40 Tomahawk cruise missiles at Baghdad factories linked to Iraq's illegal nuclear weapons program. Iraq then informs UNSCOM that it will be able to resume its flights.
* January 20 – Bill Clinton succeeds George H. W. Bush as President of the United States of America.
* January 25
** Catherine Callbeck becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island, becoming the first woman to be elected a Premier (prime minister of a province) in Canada. (Rita Johnston was Canada's first female Premier)
** A gunman kills two employees outside CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia.
* January 26 – Václav Havel is elected President of the Czech Republic.

### February 
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* February 11 – Janet Reno is selected as Attorney General of the United States.
* February 17 – A ferry sinks in Haiti, killing about 1, 200 out of the 1, 500 passengers on board.
* February 24 – Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney resigns amidst political and economic turmoil.
* February 26 – World Trade Center Bombing: In New York City, a van parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center explodes, killing 6 people and injuring more than 1, 000.
* February 28 – Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raid the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas, with a warrant to arrest leader David Koresh on federal firearms violations. Four agents and five Davidians die in the raid, and a 51-day standoff begins.

### March 
* March 5 – Macedonian Palair Flight 301 crashes after take-off in Skopje, killing 83 out of the 97 people on board.
* March 12 – Several bombs explode in Bombay, India, killing 257 people.
* March 24 – The Israeli Knesset elects Ezer Weizmann as President of Israel.
* March 27 – Jiang Zemin becomes President of the People's Republic of China.

### April 
* April 6 – A nuclear accident occurs at Tomsk 7 in Russia.
* April 8 – The Republic of Macedonia is admitted to the United Nations.
* April 16 – Bosnian War: Srebrenica falls.
* April 19 – A 51-day standoff at the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas, ends with a fire that kills 76 people, including David Koresh.
* April 23 – Eritreans vote in favour of independence from Ethiopia.
* April 27 – All members of the Zambian national football team die in a plane crash near Libreville, Gabon.
* April 30 – Tennis star Monica Seles is stabbed in the back by an obsessed fan of rival Steffi Graf at a tournament in Hamburg, Germany.

### May 
* May 1 – Former French Prime Minister Pierre Beregovoy commits suicide.
* May 9 – Juan Carlos Wasmosy becomes Paraguay's first democratically elected president in almost 40 years.
* May 24 – Eritrea gains independence from Ethiopia.
* May 28 – Eritrea and Monaco are admitted to the United Nations.

### June 
* June 5 – 24 Pakistani UN peacekeeping troops are killed in Mogadishu, Somalia.
* June 25 – Kim Campbell becomes Canada's first female Prime Minister.

### July 
* July 2 – An integrist mob sets fire to a hotel where The Satanic Verses translator Aziz Nesin resides, in Sivas, Turkey, killing 37 people.
* July 26 – Asiana Airlines Flight 733 crashes into Mt. Ungeo in Haenam, South Korea, killing 68 people.
* July 31 – King Baudouin I of Belgium dies aged 62.

### August 
* August 9 – King Albert II of Belgium is officially sworn in.
* August 13 – Over 130 people die in the collapse of the Royal Plaza Hotel in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.

### September 
, US President Bill Clinton, and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat sign the Oslo Accords.]]
* September 6 – The first reference to the Year 2000 problem is made.
* September 13 – Gro Harlem Brundtland is reelected as Prime Minister of Norway.
* September 13 – PLO leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin sign a peace accord.
* September 23 – Sydney, Australia is awarded the 2000 Summer Olympics.
* September 24 – The Cambodian monarchy is restored, with Norodom Sihanouk as king.
* September 30 – An Earthquake centred in Killari, Maharashtra, India kills more than 10, 000 people.

### October 
* October 2 – The Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 culminates with the Russian Military and security forces clearing the White House of Russia parliament building, squashing a mass uprising against President Boris Yeltsin.
* October 3 – A large scale battle erupts between US forces and local militia in Mogadishu, Somalia, killing 18 Americans and over 1000 Somalis.
* October 10 – The ferry Seohae capsizes off Pusan, South Korea, killing 292 people.
* October 21 – A coup in Burundi results in the death of President Melchior Ndadaye.
* October 25 – Jean Chretien of the Liberal Party is elected Prime Minister of Canada.
* October 31 – movie director Federico Fellini dies aged 73.

### November 
* November 1 – The Maastricht Treaty takes effect formally establishing the EU.
* November 9 – Bosnian Croat forces destroy the Stari most, or Old Bridge in the town of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina by tank fire.
* November 22 – The NAFTA is passed.

### December 
* December 2 – Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar is gunned down by police.
* December 20 – The first corrected images from the Hubble Space Telescope are taken.
* December 30 – Israel and the Vatican establish diplomatic relations.
* December 30 – The Congress Party gains a parliamentary majority in India.
* December 31 – Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia dies aged 54.

## Births 
*January 25 - Kylie Padilla, Filipina actress 
*January 26 – Cameron Bright, Canadian actor
*February 7 – David Dorfman, American actor
*February 19 - Victoria Justice, American singer and actress
*February 19 - Empress Schuck, Filipina actress 
*February 26 – Taylor Dooley, American actress
*March 4 - Bobbi Kristina Brown, American singer and television personality (d. 2015)
*May 14 - Miranda Cosgrove, American actress and singer
*May 18 – Jessica Watson, Australian sailor
*June 26 – Ariana Grande, American singer 
*July 26 – Taylor Momsen, American actress
*July 28 – Cher Lloyd, English singer 
*August 11 – Alyson Stoner, American actress and dancer
*August 26 – Keke Palmer, American actress and dancer
*September 1 – Ilona Mitrecey, French singer
*October 2 – Tara Lynne Barr, American actress
*December 7 – Iulian Țâmpu, guitarist, musician (Moby Band)
*December 8 – AnnaSophia Robb, American actress

## Deaths 
### January 
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* January 2 – Vladimir Makogonov, Azerbaijani chess player (b. 1904)
* January 5 – Westley Allan Dodd, American murderer (b. 1961)
* January 6 – Dizzy Gillespie, American musician (b. 1917)
* January 6 – Rudolf Nureyev, Russian dancer (b. 1938)
* January 7 – Toshihiko Izutsu, Japanese philosopher (b. 1914)
* January 8 – Hans Bertram, German Film director (b. 1906)
* January 9 - Paul Hasluck, Governor-General of Australia (b. 1905)
* January 9 - Mario Genta, Italian footballer (b. 1912)
* January 10 - Luther Gulick, American academic (b. 1892)
* January 11 - Tommy Walker, Scottish footballer (b. 1915)
* January 12 - Józef Czapski, Polish artist (b. 1896)
* January 13 - René Pleven, Prime Minister of France (b. 1901)
* January 13 - Camargo Guarneri, Brazilian composer (b. 1907)
* January 13 - Charles Tillon, French politician (b. 1897)
* January 14 - Manfred Lachs, Polish diplomat (b. 1914)
* January 15 – Sammy Cahn, American songwriter (b. 1913)
* January 16 – Jon Pall Sigmarsson, Icelandic strength athlete (b. 1960)
* January 16 - Glenn Corbett, American actor (b. 1930)
* January 17 – Albert Hourani, British historian (b. 1915)
* January 18 – Eleanor Hibbert, English writer (b. 1906)
* January 20 – Audrey Hepburn, Belgian-born actress (b. 1929)
* January 23 – Thomas Dorsey, American musician (b. 1899)
* January 24 – Thurgood Marshall, American jurist (b. 1908)
* January 24 – Ugur Mumcu, Turkish journalist (b. 1942)
* January 25 – Hedi Amara Nouira, Tunisian politician (b. 1911)
* January 26 – Jan Gies, Dutch resistance leader (born 1905)
* January 26 – Jeanne Sauvé, Governor-General of Canada (born 1922)
* January 27 – André the Giant, French professional wrestler and actor (b. 1946)
* January 28 - Helen Sawyer Hogg, Canadian astronomer (b. 1905)

### February 
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* February 6 – Arthur Ashe, American tennis player (b. 1943)
* February 17 – Helen Hayes, American actress (b. 1900)
* February 20 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (b. 1916)
* February 24 – Bobby Moore, English footballer (b. 1941)
* February 25 - Eddie Constantine, American-born actor and singer (b. 1917)
* February 27 – Lillian Gish, American actress (b. 1893)

### March 
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* March 3 – Albert Sabin, American biologist (b. 1906)
* March 20 – Polykarp Kusch, German-born physicist (b. 1911)
* March 27 – Kamal Hassan Ali, Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1921)
* March 27 - Clifford Jordan, American saxophonist (b. 1931)
* March 31 – Brandon Lee, American actor (b. 1965)

### April 
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* April 5 – Divya Bharti, Indian actress (b. 1974)
* April 17 – Turgut Özal, 8th President of Turkey (b. 1927)
* April 8 – Marian Anderson, American contralto (b. 1897)
* April 19 – David Koresh, American cult leader (b. 1959)
* April 23 – Cesar Chavez, American labor union leader (b. 1927)

### May 
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* May 1 – Pierre Bérégovoy, Prime Minister of France (b. 1925)
* May 1 – Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (born 1924)
* May 2 - André Moynet, French Politician (b. 1921)
* May 8 – Avram Davidson, American writer (b. 1923)
* May 15 - Salah Ahmed Ibrahim, Sudanese poet (b. 1933)
* May 25 - Buddhadasa, Thai Buddhist monk (b. 1906)

### June 
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* June 5 – Conway Twitty, American musician (b. 1933)
* June 7 – Dražen Petrović, Croatian basketball player (b. 1964)
* June 9 – Alexis Smith, Canadian actress (b. 1921)
* June 10 – Les Dawson, English comedian (b. 1934)
* June 16 – Nicanor Zabaleta, Spanish harpist (b. 1907)
* June 19 – William Golding, British writer (b. 1911)
* June 22 – Pat Nixon, First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
* June 28 – GG Allin, American punk rock singer (b. 1956)
* June 30 – George 'Spanky' McFarland, American actor (b. 1928)

### July 
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* July 2 – Masuji Ibusi, Japanese writer (b. 1898)
* July 3 – Don Drysdale, American baseball player (b. 1936)
* July 19 – Elmar Klos, Czech film director (b. 1910)
* July 31 – King Baudouin I of Belgium (b. 1930)

### August 
* August 20 – Bernard Delfgaauw, Dutch philosopher (b. 1912)
* August 21 – Ichiro Fujiyama, Japanese composer and singer (b. 1911)

### September 
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* September 5 - Baek Du-jin, Prime Minister of South Korea (b. 1908)
* September 5 - Claude Renoir, French cinematographer (b. 1914)
* September 12 – Raymond Burr, Canadian actor (b. 1917)
* September 22 – Nina Berberova, Russian writer (b. 1901)
* September 22 – Maurice Abravanel, Greek-born conductor (b. 1903)
* September 27 – Jimmy Doolittle, American general (b. 1896)

### October 
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* October 12 – Leon Ames, American actor (b. 1903)
* October 12 – Tofik Bakhramov, Soviet linesman (b. 1926)
* October 21 – Melchior Ndadaye, President of Burundi (b. 1953)
* October 25 – Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
* October 31 – Federico Fellini, Italian movie director (b. 1920)
* October 31 – River Phoenix, Musician and American actor (b. 1970)

### November 
* November 1 – Severo Ochoa, Spanish-born biochemist (b. 1905)
* November 15 – Cvijetin Mijatović, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (b. 1913)
* November 21 – Bill Bixby, American actor and director (b. 1934)
* November 22 – Anthony Burgess, British writer (b. 1917)

### December 
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* December 2 – Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord (shot) (b. 1949)
* December 4 – Frank Zappa, American musician (b. 1940)
* December 6 – Don Ameche, American actor (b. 1908)
* December 7 – Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 1st President of Côte d'Ivoire (b. 1905)
* December 7 – Wolfgang Paul, German physicist (b. 1913)
* December 12 – József Antall, Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1932)
* December 14 – Myrna Loy, American actress (b. 1905)
* December 16 – Kakuei Tanaka, Japanese Prime Minister (b. 1918)
* December 18 – Sam Wanamaker, American actor (b. 1919)
* December 19 – Owain Owain Welsh novelist and poet (b. 1929)
* December 28 – William L. Shirer, American journalist and historian (b. 1904)
* December 31 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia, President of Georgia (b. 1939)

## Nobel Prizes
*Physics – Russell Alan Hulse, Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.
*Chemistry – Kary Mullis, Michael Smith
*Medicine – Richard J. Roberts, Philip Allen Sharp
*Literature – Toni Morrison
*Peace – Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk
*Economics Robert Fogel, Douglas North

## Movies released 
* *Alive*
* *Cool Runnings*
* *Cliffhanger*
* *Demolition Man*
* *Free Willy*
* *The Fugituve*
* *Groundhog Day*
* *Joshua Tree*
* *Jurassic Park*
* *Mrs. Doubtfire*
* *The Nightmare Before Christmas*
* *Philadelphia*
* *The Piano*
* *Sailor Moon R: The Movie*
* ''Schindler's List*
* *Short Cuts*
* *Sleepless in Seattle*
* *The Three Musketeers''

## Hit songs
*"Ain't Nothing But a G Thang" – Snoop Doggy Dogg / Dr Dre
*"Award Tour" – A Tribe Called Quest
*"Bombtrack" – Rage Against the Machine
*"Both Sides Of The Story" – Phil Collins
*"Bullet In The Head" – Rage Against the Machine
*"Creep" – Radiohead
*"Cryin'" – Aerosmith
*"Deeper And Deeper" – Madonna
*"Human Behavior" – Björk
*"Heart Shaped Box" – Nirvana
*"Hey Jealousy" – Gin Blossoms
*"I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" – Meat Loaf
*"I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" – The Proclaimers
*"It Was a Good Day" – Ice Cube
*"Man On The Moon" – R.E.M.
*"On the Sea" – Vertical Horizon
*"Passin' Me By" – The Pharcyde
*"Pets" – Porno for Pyros
*"Plush" – Stone Temple Pilots
*"Rebirth of Slick (Cool Like Dat)" Digable Planets
*"Return of the Crazy One" Digital Underground
*"Rooster" – Alice in Chains
*"Sober" – Tool
*"Standing Outside The Fire" – Garth Brooks
*"Two Princes" – The Spin Doctors
*"The World Around Me" – King's X

## New books
**Adrian Mole: The Wilderness Years* – Sue Townsend
**Band of Brothers* – Stephen Ambrose
**Barnyard Dance* – Sandra Boynton
**Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays* – Stephen Hawking
**The Christmas Box* – Richard Paul Evans
**The Client* – John Grisham
**Complicity* – Iain Banks
**The Emigrants* – W.G. Sebald
**The Giver* – Lois Lowry
**Honour Among Thieves* – Jeffrey Archer
**The Hope* – Herman Wouk
**In the Eye of the Sun* – Ahdaf Soueif
**Lasher* – Anne Rice
**Like Water for Chocolate* – Laura Esquivel
**Losing Eddie* – Deborah Joy Corey
**Men at Arms* – Terry Pratchett
**Moving Mars* – Greg Bear
**The Night Manager* – John le Carré
**Nightmares and Dreamscapes* – Stephen King
**Ottoline Morrell: Life on the Grand Scale* – Miranda Seymour
**Pleading Guilty* – Scott Turow
**Le Rocher de Tanios* – Amin Maalouf
**The Scorpio Illusion* – Robert Ludlum
**Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree* – Tariq Ali
**Slow Waltz at Cedar Bend* – Robert James Waller
**Too Big To Fail* – Walter Stewart
**Trainspotting* – Irvine Welsh
**The Traitor and the Jew: Anti-Semitism and the Delirium of Extremist Right-Wing Nationalism in French Canada from 1929-1939* (Antisémitisme et nationalisme d'extrême-droite dans la province de Québec 1929-1939) – Esther Delisle
**Vanished* – Danielle Steel
**Visiting Mrs. Nabokov and Other Excursions* – Martin Amis
**The Wicca Spellbook* – Gerina Dunwich
**Without Remorse* – Tom Clancy

## References