open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Boris Dubrovin

**Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin** (;  6 April 1950 – 19 March 2019) was a Russian mathematician. He was awarded the  Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences in 1984. He worked at the Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA). His works focused on geometry and non-linear equations.

Dubrovin died on 19 March 2019 from ALS at the age of 68.

## References
Homo luzonensis

***Homo luzonensis*** is the name given to some fossil bones and teeth belonging to a hominin. The place of discovery was Callao Cave in the north of Luzon, a large island in the Philippines. The name "luzonensis" refers to this location.

The remains are about 120,000 to 148,000 years old. Researchers think they are from a hitherto unknown species. At least one expert, Aida Gómez-Robles, "is hesitant to unequivocally say the find represents a new species".

## Discovery
The archaeologist who found the remains is Armand Mijares.  He had dug in Callao Cave in 2003, but he stopped at a little more than one meter deep.  He said that the discovery of *Homo floresiensis*, a hominin from about 50,000 BP found in Indonesia in 2004, led him to return to the cave in 2007. About a meter and a half below where he had stopped before, his team found fossil bones.  One of the bones was a human metatarsal, a foot bone. Therefore, they said it is a new species.

## References
Zoë Kravitz

**Zoë Kravitz** (born December 1, 1988) is an American actress, singer and model. She is the daughter of musician Lenny Kravitz and Lisa Bonet. She is of African-American, Afro-Bahamian and Ashkenazi Jewish (from Belarus, Moldova, Poland, Russia and Ukraine) descent. Kravitz first acted in the 2007 movie *No Reservations*. She is known for her role as Catwoman in the 2022 movie *The Batman*.

## Career
Kravitz' first big role was as Angel Salvadore in the 2011 superhero movie *X-Men: First Class*. She later had supporting roles in movies, like *The Lego Batman Movie* and the *Harry Potter* spin-off movie *Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them*. She also acted in independent movies, like *Dope* in 2015 and HBO's drama *Big Little Lies*.

Kravitz was the face of Vera Wang's *Princess* fragrance in 2009. She later modeled for *Elle* magazine.

Kravitz is with the group Lolawolf. Lolawolf is an American contemporary R&B and electropop duo. They released their first album, *Calm Down*, in 2014. The band toured with Miley Cyrus, Lily Allen and others.

In October 2019, she was cast as Catwoman in the 2022 crime-thriller movie *The Batman*. In August 2025, she starred in *Caught Stealing (Film)*.

Kravitz was born in Los Angeles, California.

## Awards
Kravitz was ranked one of the best dressed women in 2018 by fashion website Net-a-Porter. 

## References
French Republican calendar

The **French Republican calendar** (), also known as the **French Revolutionary calendar** (*calendrier révolutionnaire français*), was a calendar. It was used by the French government for about 12 years from late 1793 to 1805. The Paris Commune also used the calendar in 1871. The calendar was made in part to remove all religious and royalist s from the calendar. It was also an attempt to make the time decimal.
## Current date and time
Cephalothorax

The **cephalothorax**, also called a **prosoma**, is the body part of some arthropods where the head and the thorax are one. It is common in crustacea and chelicerates. The cephalothorax may be covered with a tough carapace.

## References
Bossonnens

**Bossonnens** () is a municipality of the district of Veveyse in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Katherine Waterston

**Katherine Boyer Waterston** (born March 3, 1980) is a British born-American actress. Her first feature movie was the legal thriller movie *Michael Clayton* (2007). In the movie *Steve Jobs*, she played Chrisann Brennan.

Waterston had a starring role as Tina Goldstein in *Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them* (2016).

Waterston has won several awards for her acting.

Waterston was born in Westminster, London, England.

## Awards and nominations
]]

## References
Yuya Uchida (singer)

was a Japanese singer, record producer, and actor. His career lasted for 60 years. He was a major figure in Japanese popular music.

He appeared in many movies, such as Nagisa Ōshima's *Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence*. He also starred in the American movie *Black Rain*.

On May 13, 2011, Uchida was arrested for assault and trespassing after threatening his former girlfriend. 

Uchida died from pneumonia in a Tokyo hospital on March 17, 2019, aged 79.

## References
Red McCombs

**Billy Joe "Red" McCombs** (October 19, 1927 – February 19, 2023) was an American businessman and philanthropist.

McCombs is the founder of the Red McCombs Automotive Group in San Antonio, Texas, a co-founder of Clear Channel Communications, chairman of Constellis Group, a former owner of the San Antonio Spurs, San Antonio Force, Denver Nuggets and the Minnesota Vikings. He is on the Forbes 400 list of richest Americans. He is also known for his philanthropy.

McCombs died at his home in San Antonio on February 19, 2023, at the age of 95.

## References
Spur, Texas

**Spur** is a city in Dickens County, Texas, United States. The population was 863 at the 2020 census. 

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.

## References
Redlands, California

**Redlands** (Serrano: *Tukut*) is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is a part of the Greater Los Angeles area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 73,168. The city is located about  east of San Bernardino.

The City of Redlands is home to the only museum west of the Mississippi River dedicated to Abraham Lincoln. The shrine hosts major events and reenactments each year honoring Lincoln's birthday in February and the delivery of the Gettysburg Address in November. 

Other notable sites include the San Bernardino County Museum, the Asistencia Mission de San Gabriel, Kimberly Crest historic home, Prospect Park, and the shopping and dining district around State Street. The city is also home to the longest running free outdoor music concert series in the U.S.

Redlands has a long history dating back to Victorian times. In fact, many of the homes and businesses date to the late 1800s. Newer neighborhoods have sprung up west, north and east of the historic downtown. However, the Redlands Mall is now a defunct mall. 

The University of Redlands, a major private university, is located in Redlands. At one time, this school was a Christian institution. But it became secular in the mid 20th century. The church that once met at the university, Packinghouse Christian Fellowship, still has an active congregation and hosts Christian musical guests almost every weekend. 

In recent years, Redlands has become accessible as a weekend destination from Los Angeles, thanks to Metrolink service. 

From a climate perspective, Redlands is in a favorable position, somewhat protected from strong Santa Ana winds and wildfires. However, the area is very close to the San Andreas and San Jacinto fault zones.

## References
Saint-Martin, Fribourg

**Saint-Martin** is a municipality of the district Veveyse in canton of Fribourg, in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2004 by the former municipalities of Besencens and Fiaugères merged to form Saint-Martin.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Dmitri Savitski

**Dmitri Petrovich Savitski** (; 25 January 1944 – 11 April 2019) was a Soviet-born Russian-French writer and poet. He was well known for his novels *Waltz for K* and *From Nowhere with Love*. His books were written in Russian, and translated into languages such as French, English and Italian. He also hosted the radio program *49 Minutes of Jazz*. He hosted the Radio Liberty jazz review was from 1989 to 2004. He was born in Moscow.

Savitski lived in France. He died in Paris on 11 April 2019, at the age of 75.

## References
Trent Alexander-Arnold

**Trent John Alexander-Arnold** (born 7 October 1998) is an English professional footballer. He plays for LaLiga club Real Madrid and the England national team. He plays as a right-back.

Alexander-Arnold is an academy graduate of Liverpool. He made played his first senior game for Liverpool in 2016, aged 18. He has since made over 70 appearances and won the club's Young Player of the Season award in 2017 and 2018. He won the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League with Liverpool, starting in the final.

Alexander-Arnold represented England at all youth levels from under-16 through to under-21. He then played his first senior game for his country in June 2018. He played for England at the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:*England score listed first, score column indicates score after each Alexander-Arnold goal*
*FA Cup: 2021–22
*EFL Cup: 2021–22, 2023-24
*FA Community Shield: 2022
*UEFA Champions League: 2018–19; runner-up: 2017–18, 2021–22
*UEFA Super Cup: 2019
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2019

**England**
*UEFA Nations League third place: 2018–19

**Individual**
*Liverpool Young Player of the Season: 2016–17, 2017–18
*PFA Team of the Year: 2018–19 Premier League, 2019–20 Premier League, 2021–22 Premier League
*PFA Young Player of the Year: 2019–20 Premier League
*UEFA Champions League Team of the Season: 2018–19, 2021–22
*FIFA FIFPro World11: 2020
*Premier League Player of the Month: December 2019, November 2021 2020
*UEFA Team of the Year: 2019
*Premier League Young Player of the Season: 2019–20 2021–22

## References
## Other websites
*
Income taxes in Canada

Every Canadian with income must file an income tax return every year. People earning a small amount are exempt from this requirement. Unlike Americans, Canadian citizens who live outside Canada are exempt from filing an income tax return and paying taxes to Canada, unless their income is derived in Canada.

The income tax returns are assessed by Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). Sometimes the filer must pay and other times they get a refund. Most employees pay income tax in advance through employer deductions. This is called tax withholding. When tax witholding exceeds the income tax due for the year, the employee can get a refund when filing their tax return.

Income tax in Canada is very complex. The Income Tax Act contains over one million words

The deadline for filing an income tax return is April 30th of the following year.  Those who owe money to the government and miss the deadline pay interest on the amount owed plus a penalty.

## References
Galtellì

**Galtellì** (*Gartèddi*) is a town and *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,434 people lived there. Its area is 56.53&nbsp;km². It is 35 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites
Olmedo

**Olmedo** (''S'Ulumèdu, Urumèddu*) is a town and *comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,161 people lived there. Its area is 33.47&nbsp;km². It is 68 meters above sea level.

## References 
## Other websites
Casey Wilson

**Cathryn Rose "Casey" Wilson** (born October 24, 1980) is an American comedian, actress and screenwriter. She played Penny Hartz in the ABC sitcom *Happy Endings*. For that, she was nominated twice for a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.

Wilson's other major work includes *Julie & Julia*, *Gone Girl* and *The Meddler*. On *Saturday Night Live*, she had a two-season acting job from 2008 to 2009.

Wilson was born in Alexandria, Virginia.

## Awards and nominations
## References
Andrzej Suski

**Andrzej Wojciech Suski** (born 24 December 1941) is a retired Polish Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1965. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Płock from 1986 to 1992. After this, he became the Bishop of Toruń. He retired in November 2017. He was born in Płock.

## References
## Other websites
* Andrzej Suski at Catholic-Hierarchy.org
Andrew Robertson

**Andrew Henry Robertson** (born 11 March 1994) is a Scottish professional footballer. He plays for Premier League club Liverpool and captains the Scotland national team. He plays as a left-back. He was born in Glasgow.

Robertson started his senior career with Queen's Park in 2012. A year later, he joined Dundee United a year later. He joined English club Hull City in July 2014 for a fee of £2.85&nbsp;million. In July 2017, he joined Liverpool in July 2017 for a believed fee of around £8&nbsp;million. In his first season with Liverpool, Robertson played in the final of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, losing 3–1 to Real Madrid. In his second season with the club, he won the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, with his side defeating Tottenham Hotspur 2–0 in the final.

Robertson has played for Scotland since May 2014. He became captain of his country in September 2018.

## Honours
**Dundee United**
*Scottish Cup runner-up: 2013–14

**Hull City**
*Football League Championship play-offs: 2016

**Liverpool**
*UEFA Champions League: 2018–19; runner-up: 2017–18
*Premier League: 2019-20, 2024-25
*UEFA Supercup: 2019-20
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2019-20

## References
## Other websites
*
Tommy Smith

**Tommy Smith** or **Tommie Smith** may refer to:

## Sports
* Tommy Smith (baseball) (born 1948), American baseball outfielder
* Tommy Smith (basketball) (born 1980), American basketball player
* Tommie Smith (born 1944), American track and field athlete
* Tommy Smith (jockey) (1937–2013), American jockey
* Tommy J. Smith (1916–1998), Australian trainer of racehorses
* Tommy L. Smith (1914–1985), Australian rules footballer
* Tommy Smith (rugby union), American rugby union player
* Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1945) (1945–2019), English international footballer, famously with Liverpool
* Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1959), English former footballer
* Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1980), English former footballer, most notably for Watford
* Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1990), New Zealand international footballer, plays for Colorado Rapids
* Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1992), English footballer, plays for Huddersfield Town
* Tommy Smith (ice hockey) (1886–1966), Canadian ice hockey forward

## Other
* Tommy Smith (playwright), American playwright
* Tommy Smith (saxophonist) (born 1967), Scottish jazz saxophonist, composer and educator
* Tommy Smith (DJ) (born 1954), radio disc jockey from Little Rock, Arkansas
Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1945)

**Thomas Smith**  (5 April 1945 – 12 April 2019) was an English footballer. He played as a defender. He was born in Liverpool.

Smith was best remembered for his time at Liverpool for 16 years from 1962 to 1978. He was known for his firm defensive style. Manager Bill Shankly once said of him: "Tommy Smith wasn't born, he was quarried". He was also nicknamed the "Anfield Iron". His most memorable moment for the club probably came when he scored Liverpool's second goal in the 1977 European Cup Final against Borussia Mönchengladbach. He also played at club level for Tampa Bay Rowdies, Los Angeles Aztecs and Swansea City. He played once for England, in 1971.

Smith had dementia in his final years. He died on 12 April 2019, at the age of 74.

## Statistics
## Honours
;Liverpool
* Football League First Division: 1965–66, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77
* FA Cup: 1964–65, 1973–74
* FA Charity Shield: 1965 (shared), 1966, 1974, 1977 (shared)
* European Cup: 1976–77, 1977–78
* UEFA Cup: 1972–73, 1975–76
* UEFA Super Cup: 1977

## References
## Other websites
*
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker

***Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker*** (also known as ***Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker***) is an American epic space opera movie produced, co-written and directed by J.J. Abrams.

It is the third and last movie of the *Star Wars* sequel trilogy, after *The Force Awakens* and *The Last Jedi*. The movie is produced by Lucasfilm and Bad Robot Productions and was distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

## Plot
*The Rise of Skywalker* is set one year after *The Last Jedi*. It is said to be the end of the Skywalker saga.

## Cast
*Daisy Ridley as Rey, granddaughter of Darth Sidious, a Force-sensitive girl; the last apprentice to Luke Skywalker
*Adam Driver as Kylo Ren, the Supreme Leader of the First Order; as Zorii Bliss, an ex-comrade of Poe Dameron, when he was a spice runner on the planet of Kijimi.
*Mark Hamill and Boolio, an Ovissian member of the Resistance who tells Poe and Finn that there is a spy working for the Resistance in the First Order's ranks.
*Anthony Daniels leading general of the Resistance and Luke's twin sister.
*Ian McDiarmid as Darth Sidious

## References
## Other websites
**The Rise of Skywalker* The Movie Database
Irwin L. Jacobs

**Irwin L. Jacobs** (July 15, 1941 – ) was an American businessman. He was the CEO of several large corporations, formerly including the now-bankrupt Genmar Holdings.  In 1973, Jacobs founded COMB ("Close-out Merchandise Buyers"). Jacobs, based in Minneapolis, became wealthy by taking big stakes in Fortune 500.

Jacobs and his wife were found dead with multiple gunshot wounds on the bed in a bedroom of their Orono, Minnesota home on the morning of April 10, 2019. A handgun was found with them and the Hennepin County Medical Examiner said that Irwin Jacobs shot his wife and then himself.

## References
Orono, Minnesota

**Orono** ( ) is a city on the north shore of Lake Minnetonka in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 8,315 at the 2020 census.

## References
Rodrigo Carazo Odio

**Rodrigo José Ramón Francisco de Jesús Carazo Odio** (27 December 1926 &ndash; 9 December 2009) was a Costa Rican politician. He was the President of Costa Rica from 8 May 1978 to 8 May 1982.

## References
## Other websites
* Carazo and his relations with FARC Colombia
Botterens

**Botterens** () is a municipality of the district Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2006, the former municipality of Villarbeney merged into the municipality of Botterens.

## References 
## Other websites
Cerniat

**Cerniat** was a municipality in Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the municipalities Cerniat and Charmey joined together to become the new municipality, Val-de-Charmey.

## References 
## Other websites
Estrella Zeledón Lizano

**Estrella Zeledón Lizano** (April 21, 1929 – April 10, 2019) was a Costa Rican politician. She was the First Lady of Costa Rica from 1978 to 1982 during the presidency of her husband, Rodrigo Carazo Odio. She also served on the Executive Council of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) from 1981 until 1985.

## References
Charmey

**Charmey** was a municipality of the district Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Charmey and Cerniat merged into the new municipality of Val-de-Charmey.

## References 
## Other websites
Dina (singer)

**Dina** (born **Ondina Maria Farias Veloso**; 18 June 1956 – 12 April 2019) was a Portuguese pop singer. She was best known for her participation in the 1992 Eurovision Song Contest. She was born in Carregal do Sal, Portugal. 

Dina first entered the Portuguese Eurovision selection, *Festival da Canção*, in 1980, finishing eighth with "Guardando em mim".  She participated again in 1982 with two songs, but could only manage sixth and eighth.

Dina finally got her chance in 1992, when her song "Amor d'água fresca" ("Fresh Water Love") won the competition and went forward as the Portuguese representative in the 37th Eurovision Song Contest. She finished in 17th place.

Dina died on 12 April 2019 in Lisbon from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at the age of 62.

## References
Rental vacancy rate

The **rental vacancy rate** is the percentage of vacant units out of all rental apartments in a given location. It is considered an economic indicator.

## References
Haut-Intyamon

**Haut-Intyamon** is a municipality of the district Gruyère in the Canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2002, when Albeuve, Lessoc, Montbovon and Neirivue joined together and became Haut-Intyamon.

## References 
## Other websites
Wendy Williams

**Wendy Joan Williams** (born July 18, 1964) is an American talk show host, writer, producer, businesswoman, and former radio show host.  She has been inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame. She currently hosts the Emmy Award-nominated talk show, *The Wendy Williams Show*, that has been aired for ten seasons.  She is known for her catchphrase, "How you doin'?"

Williams has been open about her past drug use, particularly with cocaine. In April 2019, Williams suffered an alleged alcohol relapse.  Later that month, she filed for divorce from her husband of over two decades, Kevin Hunter, who is also her manager.  They share a son, Kevin Jr., born in 2000.

In February 2024, it was announced that Williams was diagnosed with aphasia and frontotemporal dementia.

## References
Ian Cognito

**Ian Cognito** (born **Paul Barbieri**, 21 November 1958 &ndash; 11 April 2019) was an English stand-up comedian. Many said his comedy was like Lenny Bruce, Bill Hicks, and Jerry Sadowitz but had no presence in the mainstream media because of his ill-tempered persona. 

Cognito won the Time Out Award for Stand-up Comedy in 1999. 

Cognito died on 11 April 2019 of a heart attack during a comedy gig in Bicester. He was 60.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* Official website (pre-minimalist version) archived at the Wayback Machine
* Review in *The Guardian*
* Chortle review
Forrest Gregg

**Alvis Forrest Gregg** (October 18, 1933 – April 12, 2019) was an American football player and coach. He played in the National Football League (NFL), the Canadian Football League and the NCAA.  

Gregg was a Pro Football Hall of Fame offensive lineman for sixteen seasons. Gregg was head coach of three NFL teams (Cleveland Browns, Cincinnati Bengals, and the Packers), as well as two Canadian Football League teams (Toronto Argonauts and Shreveport Pirates).

As a head coach, he led the 1981 Bengals to the Super Bowl, where they lost to the 49ers by a score of 26–21.

Gregg died on April 12, 2019 of complications from Parkinson's disease in Colorado Springs, Colorado, aged 85.

## References
Goodyear, Arizona

**Goodyear** (O'odham: *Valin Thak*) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is a suburb of Phoenix and at the 2020 census had a population of 95,294.

## References
Israel Folau

**Isileli** "**Israel**" **Folau** (born 3 April 1989) is an Australian professional rugby player. He currently plays rugby league for French team Catalans Dragons. He also played for the Australia national rugby union team from 2013 until he was sacked in 2019. In the National Rugby League (NRL), he played for the Melbourne Storm (2007–08) and the Brisbane Broncos (2009–10). He left rugby league to play Australian rules football in the Australian Football League (AFL). He played for the Greater Western Sydney Giants from 2011 to 2012. From 2013 to 2019, he played rugby union. He played for the New South Wales Waratahs in the Super Rugby.

Folau was born in Minto, New South Wales. He is of Tongan ancestry. He later moved to Queensland. He was a student at Marsden State High School with classmates Chris Sandow and Antonio Winterstein.

Folau is a Christian. In the past, he has made social media posts considered by many to be anti-gay. After similar comments were posted on his Instagram in April 2019, his contract was ended by Rugby Australia.

## References
## Other websites
* Israel Folau  at ESPN Scrum
Rich Brian

**Brian Imanuel** (born 3 September 1999), better known as **Rich Brian** (formerly **Rich Chigga**), is an Indonesian rapper, record producer and singer-songwriter. He is best known for his popular first single "Dat $tick", which was first released in February 2016 on YouTube. The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His first album, *Amen* (2018), peaked at number 18 on the *Billboard* 200. He released the single "Gospel" in 2017 with Keith Ape and XXXTentacion. He changed his rap name to "Rich Brian" in early 2018.

Rich Brian was born in Jakarta. He is of ethnic Chinese Indonesian descent. He moved to the United States in 2017. He lives in Los Angeles, California.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Ron Livingston

**Ronald Joseph Livingston** (born June 5, 1967) is an American actor.  Livingston is known for his starring role as Peter Gibbons in the 1999 movie *Office Space*, as Captain Lewis Nixon in the 2001 miniseries *Band of Brothers* and as Roger Perron in *The Conjuring* (2013). He will also star as Henry Allen, father of The Flash, in the 2022 DC Extended Universe movie *The Flash* (2023).

## References
Marcia Clark

**Marcia Rachel Clark** (née **Kleks**, formerly **Horowitz**; born August 31, 1953) is an American prosecutor, author, television correspondent and television producer. She was the lead prosecutor with the O. J. Simpson murder case.

Clark appeared in the *Pretty Little Liars* episode "Now You See Me, Now You Don't" as Attorney Sidney Barnes in August 2013.

Clark later appeared in the 2016 miniseries *O.J.: Made in America*.

Clark was born in Alameda, California.

## References
Ray Clemence

**Raymond Neal Clemence**  (5 August 1948 &ndash; 15 November 2020) was an English professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He was born in Skegness, Lincolnshire. He is one of only 25 players to have made over 1,000 career appearances.

## Career
Clemence is best known as part of the Liverpool team from 1967 to 1984. He started his career with Scunthorpe United. He was signed by Liverpool manager Bill Shankly in June 1967. He won five league titles, two domestic cups, two UEFA Cups, three European Cups and other trophies with Liverpool. His final game for Liverpool was in the side's 1–0 win in the 1981 European Cup Final against Real Madrid. He then played for Tottenham Hotspur. He won three trophies with Tottenham, including an FA Cup and a UEFA Cup.

Clemence played for the England national team. He played his first game against Wales in 1972. In total, he made 61 appearances for his country.

## Personal life and death
Clemence's son, Stephen, was also a footballer.

Clemence had prostate cancer, first making it known to the public in 2005. He died in Corby, Northamptonshire, on 15 November 2020. He was 72.

## Honours
;Liverpool
*Football League First Division: 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80
*FA Cup: 1973–74
*League Cup: 1980–81
*FA Charity Shield: 1974, 1976, 1977 (shared), 1979, 1980
*European Cup: 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81
*UEFA Cup: 1972–73, 1975–76
*UEFA Super Cup: 1977

;Tottenham Hotspur
*FA Cup: 1981–82
*FA Charity Shield: 1981
*UEFA Cup: 1983–84

## References
## Other websites
*
Marlene Hagge

**Marlene Hagge** (née **Bauer**; February 16, 1934 – May 16, 2023) was an American professional golfer. She was born in Eureka, South Dakota. Hagge was one of the thirteen founders of the LPGA in 1950. She won one major championship and 26 LPGA Tour career events. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Hagge died in Rancho Mirage, California of complications from a fall, on May 16, 2023, at the age of 89.
## References
## Other websites
*Marlene Hagge bio at about.com
Shirley Spork

**Shirley G. Spork** (May 14, 1927 &ndash; April 12, 2022) was an American professional golfer. She was born in Detroit, Michigan. Spork was one of the founders of the LPGA Tour and modern ladies' golf. She never won an LPGA Tour event but she finished second at the 1962 LPGA Championship. She won the 1947 national individual intercollegiate golf championship.

Spork died on April 12, 2022 in Palm Springs, California at the age of 94.
## Sources 
* 

## References
Eureka, South Dakota

**Eureka** is a city in McPherson County, South Dakota, United States. It is near the North Dakota state line. The population was 813 at the 2020 census.

Eureka was laid out in 1887, and named "Eureka", a Greek word meaning "I have found it!" Eureka is located at  (45.769069, -99.621953).

## References
Marlyn Mason

**Marlyn Mason** (born August 7, 1940) is an American actress, producer, and screenwriter. Mason played the role of Nikki Bell in the television series *Longstreet* (1971-1972). Mason played the main role in the original 1967-68 Broadway production of *How Now, Dow Jones*.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
Bhim Nidhi Tiwari

**Bhim Nidhi Tiwari** was a popular Nepali Poet, Novelist and Playwright. He is a popular poet of the post-1950s era. He wrote against smoking, drinking, and gambling. He was a strong believer in social improvements. He contributed over 38 social improvement works to Nepali Literature in different styles.

## Related pages
* Laxmi Prasad Devkota
* Bhanubhakta Acharya

## References 
## Other websites
*Poems by Tiwari
La Roche, Fribourg

**La Roche** is a municipality of the district Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

## Villages 
La Bélvedère, La Berra, La Breiteneyre, La Serbache, Le Tsubel, Le Villaret and Montsofloz.

## References 
## Other websites
Pont-en-Ogoz

**Pont-en-Ogoz** is a municipality of the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

## History 
In 1970 the village of Pont-en-Ogoz merged with Villars-d'Avry into the municipality of Le Bry. Then, in 2003 the municipalities of Le Bry, Avry-devant-Pont and Gumefens merged to form a larger Pont-en-Ogoz.

## Villages 
Pont-en-Ogoz, Villars-d'Avry, Avry-devant-Pont and Gumefens.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Bridgewater, Connecticut

**Bridgewater** is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,662 at the 2020 census.

## References
Sâles

**Sâles** is a municipality of the district Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2001 by the former municipalities of Maules, Romanens, Rueyres-Treyfayes and Sâles (Gruyère) merged to form Sâles.

## References 
## Other websites
Villarvolard

**Villarvolard** was a municipality of the district Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, the former municipality of Villarvolard merged into the municipality of Corbières.

## References 
## Other websites
List of botanical gardens

The **list of botanical gardens** is ordered alphabetically by country:

## Ancient  Babylon
# Hanging Gardens of Babylon

## Australia
# Australian National Botanic Gardens		
# Carlton Gardens, Melbourne
	
## Belgium
# Pairi Daiza

## Brazil
# Botanical Garden of Curitiba

## Canada
# Dominion Arboretum	
# Central Experimental Farm	
# Stanley Park

## China
# Jichang Garden

## France
# Jardin des Plantes
# Roseraie de L'Haÿ	

## Italy
# Boboli's Garden	
# Orto botanico di Pisa

## Germany
# Palmengarten

## Israel
# Jerusalem Botanical Gardens	
# National Botanic Garden of Israel	
# Wohl Rose Park	

## Pakistan
# Shalimar Gardens Lahore	

## Singapore
# Gardens by the Bay

## United Kingdom
# Kew Gardens	
# Royal Surrey Gardens	
# Vauxhall Gardens	

## United States
# Brooklyn Botanic Garden	
# Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden	
# Cypress Gardens	
# United States Botanic Garden	
# United States National Arboretum

## References
Estavayer-le-Lac

**Estavayer-le-Lac** [] () was a municipality of the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. It is on the south shore of Lake Neuchâtel and is between Yverdon and Bern. It was the capital of the district of Broye.

## History 
On 1 January 2012, the former municipality of Font merged into the municipality of Estavayer-le-Lac. On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Bussy, Estavayer-le-Lac, Morens, Murist, Rueyres-les-Prés, Vernay and Vuissens merged into the new municipality of Estavayer.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Estavayer-le-Lac – official website 
*
**Broye Aeropole* aeronautics center
**Estavenir* technology park
*The Frog Museum
*Grande Cariçaie nature reserve
*Estavayer-le-Lac Rowing Club
Cheiry

**Cheiry** () was a municipality in Broye in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. Since 2005, Chapelle became a part of Cheiry. On 1 January 2021, Cheiry became a part of Surpierre.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Mike Jakubo (ice hockey)

**Michael Paul Jakubo** (July 7, 1947 – April 4, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played as a left winger. He played for the Los Angeles Sharks in the World Hockey Association. He was also a member of the independent team called the London Lions which played the 1973–74 season against the top European hockey teams. He was born in Sudbury, Ontario.

Jakubo died on April 4, 2019 in Sudbury, Ontario from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease. He was 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
Riaz

**Riaz** is a municipality of the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. , the municipality has 2,780 people in an area of . The elevation is .

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Ivan Mrázek

**Ivo** "**Ivan**" **Mrázek** (18 January 1926 – 4 April 2019) was a Czech professional basketball player and coach. He played as a point guard. In his club career, he won 6 Czechoslovak League championships (1947, 1948 2×, 1949, 1950, 1951) with Brno. He played for the Czechoslovakia national team. He won the gold medal at the EuroBasket in 1946 with the national team. He also won three EuroBasket silver medals, in 1947, 1951 and 1955. He played for Czechoslovakia in two Summer Olympics, in 1948 and 1952.

Mrázek was born in Brno. He died on 4 April 2019, at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Ivan Mrázek  at Sports-Reference.com
Arthur Polonsky

**Arthur Polonsky** (June 6, 1925 – April 4, 2019) was an American draughtsman, painter and academic. He was known for partaking in Boston Expressionism. From 1950 to 1960, he taught in the painting department at the Boston Museum School. A movie about his life, *Release From Reason*, is being made by his son, Emmy Award- director and producer Gabriel Polonsky.

Polonsky was born in Lynn, Massachusetts. He was the son of Russian Jewish immigrants. He was married to Lois Tarlow. The couple had three sons, Eli, D.L. and Gabriel.

Polonsky died on April 4, 2019 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was 93.

## References
## Other websites
* *Release From Reason* official site
Elwyn Berlekamp

**Elwyn Ralph Berlekamp** (September 6, 1940 – April 9, 2019) was an American mathematician. He was known for his work in computer science, coding theory and combinatorial game theory. He was a professor emeritus of mathematics and EECS at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the inventor of an algorithm to factor polynomials. He was one of the inventors of the Berlekamp–Welch and the Berlekamp–Massey algorithms. These are used for Reed–Solomon error correction.

Berlekamp was born in Dover, Ohio. His family later moved to northern Kentucky. He was married to Jennifer. The couple had three children.

Berlekamp died on April 9, 2019 in Piedmont, California of pulmonary fibrosis-related problems, at the age of 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308

**Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308** was a McDonnell Douglas MD-81 aircraft on a Yugoslavian charter flight to the French island of Corsica.  On 1 December 1981 the flight crashed on Corsica's Mont San-Pietro, killing all 180 people on board.  The crash was the deadliest and first major aviation accident involving a McDonnell Douglas MD-80, as well as the second-deadliest air disaster in France behind Turkish Airlines Flight 981.

## Accident 
Flight 1308 took off from Brnik Airport on a chartered flight from Slovenia (then Yugoslavia) to Corsica's capital city of Ajaccio with 173 Slovenian tourists and 7 crew members.

While in its holding pattern, the flight was instructed to descend through the minimum holding altitude of 6,800 feet. As it descended, its Ground Proximity Warning System gave off several audio warnings, which the crew did not react to for approximately ten seconds.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Final report ()
*AirDisaster.Com – Crash photo of Flight 1308
*Aviation Safety Network – Picture of the MD-81 that would become Flight 1308 
*24ur.Com – Videos of the crash of Flight 1308
Stanley Plumly

**Stanley Plumly** (May 23, 1939 – April 11, 2019) was an American poet. He wrote many poetry collections. He was the director of the University of Maryland, College Park creative writing program. He was very fond of John Keats and many other British poets from the Romantic era. He wrote a book about Keats called *Posthumous Keats*, published in 2008.

Plumly was born in Barnesville, Ohio. He grew up in Ohio and Virginia.

Plumly died of multiple myeloma on April 11, 2019 in Frederick, Maryland. He was 79.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Tony Buzan

**Anthony Peter Buzan** (2 June 1942 – 13 April 2019) was a British author and educational . He was best known for making the thinking and writing skill called mind mapping popular. He was author or co-author of more 80 books altogether. He was also  for two Nobel Prizes, the Nobel Peace Prize and the Nobel Prize in Economics. He was born in Palmers Green, Middlesex.

In April 2019, Buzan had a heart attack and struck his head when he fell at his Oxfordshire home. He died on 13 April 2019, at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
Paul Raymond (musician)

**Paul Martin Raymond** (16 November 1945 – 13 April 2019) was an English keyboardist and guitarist. He was known as a member of the rock band Savoy Brown and more notably UFO. He started his career in 1964 as a jazz musician. He was born in St Albans.

Raymond died of a heart attack on 13 April 2019. He was 73.

## References
## Other websites
*
Neus Català

**Neus Català i Pallejà** (6 October 1915 – 13 April 2019) was a Spanish Resistance fighter and political activist. She was a member of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (, PSUC) during the Spanish Civil War. She was the only Catalan survivor of the concentration camp of Ravensbrück.

Català was born in Els Guiamets, Catalonia. She turned 100 in October 2015. She died on 13 April 2019, at the age of 103.

## References
## Other websites
*
D. Babu Paul

**Daniel Babu Paul** (; 11 April 1941 – 13 April 2019) was an Indian civil servant and writer. He was a member of the Indian Administrative Service. He was also member ombudsman for local self-government institutions of Kerala during 2000–01. He served as vice-chancellor of the University of Kerala. He wrote books in Malayalam language. At the time of his death, he was serving as the independent member of the Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board.

Bab Paul's wife Anna Babu Paul (Nirmala) died in 2000. The couple had a daughter and a son. On 13 April 2019, Babu Paul died of multiple organ failure in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. He was 78.

## References
Ivor Broadis

**Ivan Arthur** "**Ivor**" **Broadis** (18 December 1922 – 12 April 2019) was an English professional footballer. He played as an inside forward. His career lasted from 1946 to 1960. He played for clubs Carlisle United (two stints), Sunderland, Manchester City, Newcastle United and Queen of the South. He also played for England 14 times, including at the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He scored eight goals for his country in the early 1950s.

Broadis was born in the Isle of Dogs, Poplar in East London. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living English international footballer. He died in 2019, at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
Yvette Williams

**Yvette Winifred Corlett**  (*née* **Williams**, 25 April 1929 – 13 April 2019) was a New Zealand athlete. She won the gold medal in the women's long jump at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. This made her the first woman from her country to win an Olympic gold medal. She was also the first New Zealander to hold the world record in the women's long jump. She was a  champion and a medallist at the Commonwealth Games in long jump, javelin, shot put and discus. On the 100th anniversary of Athletics New Zealand in 1987, Yvette was named "Athlete of the Century".

Williams was born in Dunedin. She married Canadian-born New Zealand sportsman Buddy Corlett in 1954. He died in 2015.

Williams died on 13 April 2019, at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Yvette Williams  at Sports-Reference.com
Barnesville, Ohio

]]
**Barnesville** is a village in Belmont County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 4,008.

## References
Thompson Mann

]]
**Harold Thompson Mann** (December 1, 1942 – April 4, 2019) was an American swimmer. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. At that Olympic Games, he won a gold medal for swimming the lead-off backstroke leg for the winning U.S. team in the 4 x 100-meter medley relay. He and his relay teammates Bill Craig (breaststroke), Fred Schmidt (butterfly) and Steve Clark set a new world record of 3:58.4. Mann also set an individual world record in the 100-meter backstroke swimming his leg (59.6 seconds). He was born in Norfolk, Virginia.

Mann died on April 4, 2019, at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
* Thompson Mann  at Sports-Reference.com
2019 Sudanese coup d'état

On the morning of 11 April 2019 in Khartoum, Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir was removed from power by the Sudanese Armed Forces following the ongoing protests after holding the office for nearly 30 years. Eleven people were killed.

State media reported that all political prisoners, including anti-Bashir protest leaders, were being released from jail. Al-Bashir's National Congress party responded by announcing that they would hold a rally supporting the ousted president.

## Related pages
*October 2021 Sudanese coup d'état

## References
Beresheet

***Beresheet*** was a demonstrator of a small robotic lunar lander and lunar probe. It was privately funded in Israel and was planned to land on the moon. The lander was known as *Sparrow*, and was officially named *Beresheet* (, "Genesis") in December 2018.

On 11 April 2019, the failure of an IMU unit caused a chain of events, leading to the shutoff of the main engine, which caused the lander to crash on the Moon. On 13 April 2019, Beresheet-2 was announced.

## References
Ski Mask the Slump God

**Stokeley Clevon Goulbourne** (born April 18, 1996), known professionally as **Ski Mask the Slump God** – formerly stylized as **$ki Mask** "**The Slump God**", is an American rapper and songwriter. 

## Early life
Goulbourne was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He is of Jamaican descent. His father was a rapper who used the stage name "Sin City".

## Career
He first became known for his work with XXXTentacion and their hip hop collective Members Only. His 2017 songs *Catch Me Outside* and *Babywipe* were certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His first album, *Stokeley*, was released in November 2018.

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *Stokeley* (2018)
* *11th Dimension* (2024)

### Collaborative albums
* *Members Only, Vol. 4* (2019) 

## Filmography
## References
Adrian Smith

, 2010]]
**Adrian Frederick** "**H**" **Smith** (born 27 February 1957) is an English guitarist, singer and songwriter. He is best known as a member of British heavy metal band Iron Maiden. He first joined the band in November 1980. He replaced guitarist Dennis Stratton. Smith left Iron Maiden in 1990. In 1995, he formed a hard rock band called Psycho Motel. He rejoined Iron Maiden in 1999.

Smith was born in Hackney, London. He has been married to his Canadian wife Nathalie Dufresne for over 20 years. The couple have three children, Dylan, Natasha and Brittany. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Adrian Smith (disambiguation)

**Adrian Smith** (born 1957) is an English musician, member of the band Iron Maiden.

**Adrian Smith** may also refer to:

*Adrian Smith (politician) (born 1970), United States representative from Nebraska's 3rd congressional district
*Adrian Smith (statistician) (born 1946), English statistician and academic
*Adrian Smith (architect) (born 1944), American architect
*Adrian Smith (basketball) (born 1936), American professional basketball player
*Adrian Smith (illustrator), British illustrator of game materials
*Adrian Smith (strongman) (born 1964), professional strongman competitor for Great Britain
Werner Bardenhewer

**Joseph Werner Bardenhewer** (30 January 1929 − 10 April 2019) was a German Catholic priest and philanthropist. He served as the Dean of Wiesbaden, the state capital of Hesse, from 1974 to 1996. In 1999, he founded the Wiesbaden chapter of the charity organisation africa action. The charity gives help to the health care and education in countries of the Sahel region. In 2016, he was awarded the highest national honour of Burkina Faso. He was born in Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia.

Bardenhewer died on 10 April 2019 in Wiesbaden. He was 90.

## References
## Other websites
* africa action / Deutschland 
*
John Barth

**John Simmons Barth** (; May 27, 1930 &ndash; April 2, 2024) was an American writer. He was best known for his postmodernist and metafictional fiction. He won the National Book Award in 1973. Barth was born in Cambridge, Maryland. In 1974, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

His first two books were *The Floating Opera* and *The End of the Road*. His best known works include: *The Sot-Weed Factor*, *Giles Goat-Boy*, *Lost in the Funhouse*, *Chimera*, *LETTERS* and *Once Upon a Time: A Floating Opera*.

Barth died under hospice care in Bonita Springs, Florida on April 2, 2024 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Barth audio goodies at the Lannan site
* Barth on KCRW's radio program 'Bookworm' with Michael Silverblatt
* *click!*, a short story by John Barth centered on hypertextuality
*National Book Awards Acceptance Speech
Cambridge, Maryland

**Cambridge** is a city in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 13,096 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Dorchester County and the county's largest city. Cambridge is the fourth most populous city in Maryland's Eastern Shore region, after Salisbury, Elkton and Easton.

## References
Elkton, Maryland

**Elkton** is a town in and the county seat of Cecil County, Maryland, United States. The population was 15,807 at the 2020 census. It was formerly called Head of Elk because it is near the Elk River, which flows into the nearby Chesapeake Bay.

## References
Kabulig Bikol

**Kabulig-Bikol** is a group or union of literary writers in Bikol languages.

## Kabulig at University of the Philippines 
Maria Lilia Realubit created the KABULIG in 1993 with fellow writer teachers at the University of the Philippines. 
 de Ungria, Ricardo M. * Enriching Knowledge by Publishing the Regional Languages * Asiatic, University of the Philippines-Mindanao, June 2009, p. 29-30 

## References
Colin Collindridge

**Colin Collindridge** (15 November 1920 – 14 April 2019) was an English footballer. He played as both an outside left and a centre forward. The early part of his playing career happened during World War II. He later played for clubs Sheffield United, Nottingham Forest and Coventry City in the Football League.

Collindridge was born in Barnsley, Yorkshire. He died in 2019, at the age of 98.

## References
## Other websites
* Colin Collindridge at 11v11
Giuseppe Ciarrapico

**Giuseppe Ciarrapico** (28 January 1934 – 14 April 2019) was an Italian businessman, sports official and politician. He was president of the football club AS Roma from 1991 and 1993. He also served as a Senator for Silvio Berlusconi's The People of Freedom party from 2008 to 2013. He was born in Rome, Lazio.

Ciarrapico died on 14 April 2019 in Rome. He was 85.

## References