open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Palindrome

A **palindrome** is a word, sentence, or number that reads the same from left to right as from right to left. Punctuation does not matter, but letters and digits do. All alphabetic languages have palindromes. The first palindrome was the Latin Sator Square, which reads:

You can read it horizontally, backwards, or even vertically.

## Examples of Palindromes 
### Words 
* Mum or Mom
* Dad
* Deed
* Level
* Radar
* Kayak
* Eye
* Madam
* Rotor
* Krape Park
* Civic
* Gag
* Nun
* Bob
* Bib

### Sentences 
* Was it a cat I saw?
* Do geese see God?
* Rats live on no evil star.
* Never odd or even.
* Madam, I'm Adam.
* Go Hang a salami I'm a lasagna hog
* Top spot
* Nurses run

### Numbers 
* 11

* 22

* 33

* 44

* 55

* 66

* 77

* 88

* 99

* 101

* 111

* 222
* 333
* 444
* 555
* 666
* 777
* 888
* 999
* 1111
* 212
* 151
* 090
* 434
* 58685
* 838
* 12021
* 36863
* 1888998881

* 2112

* 9889

* 3443

* 102201

* 1771

* 1661

* 1881
* 1991
* 2002

## References 
## Related pages 
*Palindromic prime

## Other websites
Bird flight

soaring. This is one of the largest birds able to fly.]]

Flight is a method of moving through the air.  To do this, birds use wings with light, hollow bones and feathers on them.  Birds have a  body shape, so that they slip through air more easily.

Birds can move by flapping their wings, or they can stay in the same place. This is called , with rapid wing beats, as with the kestrel. Birds that   use very little energy for it: they use columns of rising hot air to lift them. They  from the top of a warm air current, and then move on to another warm air current. That way birds like buzzards can fly all day while using little energy.

Birds like hawks and gannets dive on their prey. They get to a height, them fold their wings and dive head-first.

## Lift 
The fundamentals of bird flight are similar to those of aircraft. Lift force is produced by the action of air flow on the wing, which is an airfoil. The lift force occurs because the air has a lower pressure just above the wing and higher pressure below.

## References
Samurai Champloo

**Samurai Champloo** is a Japanese anime television show. Mugen is a fierce animal-like warrior with a unique Bboying (break-dance) inspired fighting style. Jin has a more traditional style. The two opposing samurai warriors are far from friends, yet their split paths seem to cross anyways. Mugen is wandering aimlessly through the city when he walks upon a teahouse where he meets Jin and Fuu. Fuu convinces them both to come with her in search of a mysterious samurai that smells like sunflowers and their journey begins. This modernized hip-hop tale breaks the barriers of the common, historical, samurai anime.

This anime contains 26 episodes and two seasons, documenting the journey of these three misfits.  The episodes are shown on Adult Swim from time to time, but never consistently.  Whenever on American television, only the first season is aired.

## References
## Other websites 
* *Samurai Champloo* Official Web Site  
* Geneon *Samurai Champloo* Web Site
DJ (disambiguation)

**DJ** or **dj** may mean:
*Disc jockey
*Dow Jones
* Either deca-joule (daJ = 101  J) or deci-joule (dJ = 10-1  J), both SI units of energy 
*Deejay, a term used in Dancehall music for an emcee or lyricist.
*Toasting, talking or chanting over a rhythm
*Dansk Jernbane ApS, a Danish railway company
*DeadJournal website
*Dinner jacket
*Dirty Jobs
*District Judge
*"DJ" is a nickname of New York Yankees shortstop Derek Jeter
*"DJ" is also a nickname for Cleveland Cavaliers point guard-shooting guard Damon Jones
*"DJ" is also a nickname for all-star basketball guard Dennis Johnson
*"DJ" is also a nickname for NASCAR champion Dale Jarrett
*"DJ's" is a nickname for the David Jones Limited department store chain in Australia
*DJ (song), a single by David Bowie
*"DJ Lance Rock" from Yo Gabba Gabba!, an American children's TV show on Nick Jr.
*Freddy Bastone was one of the youngest, most "DJ's" during the club scene of the 1980s.
*Djibouti, country in eastern Africa
*Djembe drum, common to many drum circles.
*Dee Jay, a Jamaican video game character in Street Fighter, a kids' TV series 
*Dell Digital Jukebox
*Dirt Jumping a bicycle riding style
*RBK DJ, a sneaker created by Reebok
*A strip club euphemism for bouncer
*Airlines Virgin Blue and Pacific Blue, whose IATA code is D.J.
*D.J. a play by Georgi Gospodinov about the legend of Don Juan
*D.J. Carey, Kilkenny hurling player
*D.J. Conner, a character on the TV sitcom *Roseanne*
*Drake and Josh, an American Nickelodeon kids' animated comedy
*D.J. Tanner, a character on the TV show Full House
* D. J. Augustin, a Texas Longhorns basketball player
*Daniel Jones (phonetician) a pronunciation dictionary of British English
*Double Jeopardy, a 1999 film
*Daljeet, a character, played by actor Aamir Khan, in the Hindi movie "Rang De Basanti" (RDB) released in January 2006
*Deterministic jitter is a signal processing phenomenon in telecommunications
*Dimension Jump (UK Convention) an annual UK Red Dwarf Convention
*DJ Qualls, actor
*Dust jacket, a cover on a book
Košice

**Košice** (,  IPA kɒʃɪtsə) is the second biggest city in Slovakia, and the biggest city in eastern Slovakia.  people () live in the city. Košice was founded in 1230.

## Population 
### Ethnic composition 
### Religion 
## Administrative division 
The town of Košice is divided into 4 districts and 22 city parts:

## Sister cities 
*  Budapest, Hungary
*  Bursa, Turkey
*  Cottbus, Germany
*  Miskolc, Hungary
*  Mobile, Alabama, USA
*  Niš, Serbia
*  Ostrava, Czech Republic
*  Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*  Raahe, Finland
*  Rzeszów, Poland
*  Saint Petersburg, Russia
*  Uzhhorod, Ukraine
*  Verona, Italy
*  Wuppertal, Germany

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official site 
*Article about Kosice in simple English
Environmentalism

**Environmentalism** is both a philosophy and a social movement that is about protecting nature. It advocates helping to preserve, protect, and restore the natural environment from damage.  Environmentalists often talk about threats to the earth from pollution, climate change and overpopulation.  Environmentalism is both personal and political.  In their own lives, environmentalists do things that are better for the earth, such as recycling, using natural products, and supporting businesses that try not to harm the environment.  Politically, they support laws that help the environment, like laws against pollution.

The word **Environmentalism** comes from 'environmental' and '-ism'.  'Environmental' is the chemical, physical, and biological components of the environment while '-ism' is a suffix used to create action nouns out of verbs.

## Related pages 
*Anti-capitalism
*Car-free movement
*Climate change
*Conservation biology
*Earth Day
*Ecology
*Environmental art
*Green politics
*Greenwashing
*Reforesting
*Right to a healthy environment
*Simple living
*Sustainability
*United Nations Environment Programme
*Voluntary Human Extinction Movement

## Further reading
### Differing arguments
*

## References
International Brotherhood of Teamsters

The **International Brotherhood of Teamsters** (also just called the **Teamsters**) is an American labor union of truck drivers, airline workers, food processors, graphic designers, police officers, and other employees. With over 1.4 million members, it is one of the largest unions in the United States.

## History
The Teamsters was founded in 1903, when most packages and other goods were delivered by a *team* of horses or oxen.

## References
Boyfriend (disambiguation)

A **boyfriend** means a partner in a romantic relationship in which the two people are not married to each other.

**Boyfriend** or **boyfriends** can mean:

*Boyfriend (fashion)
*Boyfriend, a 1989 album by Boy George
*"Boyfriend" (song), a song by Ashlee Simpson
*"Boyfriend" (Fujimoto song)
**The Boy Friend* (1971) is an English movie directed by Ken Russell and starring Twiggy
*Boyfriend (1961 movie) is an Indian Hindi movie starring Shammi Kapoor and Madhubala
**Boyfriends* (movie), a 1996 British film
*The Boyfriends, a UK band
**The Boy Friend*, a 1954 musical
**Boyfriend*, a song  by Schoolyard Heroes from *The Funeral Sciences*
Parma wallaby

The **Parma wallaby** (***Macropus parma***) is the smallest of the macropus genus. It can grow up to 52 cm in length, with a tail about the same length. They weigh up to 5 kg. The Parma wallaby's fur is a grey-brown colour on the back with a dark stripe. It has a white stripe on its face, and a white belly.

 zoo]]
In the late 1800s it was thought to be extinct. Parma wallabies had been introduced and established on Kauwau Island, New Zealand, where they were rediscovered in the 1960s. A lot of effort was made to capture and take the wallabies back to Australia. A small, wild group was found in Gosford, New South Wales in the 1970s by Eric Worrell from the Australian Reptile Park. Parma wallabies are officially listed as vulnerable because there are not many of them, they only live in small areas, and they are threatened by land clearing and other animals such as foxes.

## References 
## Other websites
*The Aussie Parma Wallaby Ark Conservation Project
Triple Alliance (1882)

in grey and neutral countries in yellow.]] 
The **Triple Alliance** was a military alliance (agreement to fight together) between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, that lasted from 1880 until the start of World War I in 1914.  The three countries  to help each other if another country attacked them.  Some Italian people were not happy about the agreement because Austria-Hungary was an old enemy.  In 1914, the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente (France, Russia and the United Kingdom) started World War I. In 1915, Italy left the alliance and fought against Austria-Hungary and Germany from 1916.

The triple Alliance had many strong points but also negative ones. The positive ones were: the Alliance included two very powerful countries which were industrialized but the negatives were that if war were to be declared they would be encircled by the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Britain). That would mean that they would have to divide their troops in two which would make the Germans much weaker

Bismark was the man behind the formation of the Triple Alliance. It was started as a dual alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary because Germany had defeated the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871. 

With the outbreak of war amongst all of Europe, the Ottoman Empire joined the Triple Alliance in a pursuit of protection and power.
Campus novel

A **campus novel**, also called the **academic novel**, is a novel that's story is around or about a campus of a university. The genre is said to have started in the 1950s. *The Groves of Academe* by Mary McCarthy, written in 1952, is often called the first campus novel, but some have also said that novels such as C.P. Snow's *The Masters*, of the year before, were campus novels.
Entente cordiale

The ***Entente cordiale*** (French for 'friendly agreement') was a number of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom and France. Both countries were worried that their growing empires would cause a war between them. The agreement was the end of almost 1000 years of frequent wars.

The agreement led to the Triple Entente (including Russia), which fought the Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary) in the First World War and has lasted ever since. It was the start of the Triple Entente and the first step to stopping Germany from expanding. France had more chance with Britain of winning against Germany on the Western Front.

## Further reading 
*100th Anniversary commemorative website
*Entente cordiale
*First declaration of the *entente cordiale* including secret articles
Super Mario Land

***Super Mario Land*** is a platform video game made by Nintendo for the Game Boy game console. It is one of the only two Mario games designed by Gunpei Yokoi, and the first *Mario* game for a handheld console.

## Plot
An evil alien monster called Tatanga comes to a kingdom called Sarasaland and kidnaps Princess Daisy. Mario comes to save her and has to go through four worlds and defeat Tatanga's four minions to rescue Daisy from Tatanga.

## References
Marco Pantani

**Marco Pantani** (13 January 1970 – 14 February 2004) was an Italian professional cyclist. He was born in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna. He was very good at climbing mountains in races. In 1998 he won both the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia. He was a popular cyclist, and his Italian fans gave him the nickname 'Il Pirata' (the pirate) because of his appearance (he often wore a bandana) and because of his  riding style. He failed a test in the 1999 Giro d'Italia. He returned to cycling, but never won a major race again. In June of 2003 he went into hospital with depression. He died of a cocaine overdose in 2004 in Rimini, Emilia-Romagna. His last entry in his diary read:

## Major results 
### Tour de France results
*1994: 3rd overall; 2nd mountains classification; **1st young rider** classification (*Maillot blanc*)
*1995: 13th overall; **1st young rider** classification (*Maillot blanc*); Stage 10 and 14 wins
*1997: 3rd overall; Stage 13 and 15 wins
*1998: **1st overall** (*maillot jaune*); 7 days in *maillot jaune*; 2nd mountains classification; Stage 11 and 15 wins
*2000: Did not finish; Stage 12 and 15 wins

### Giro d'Italia results 
* 1994: 2nd overall; 2nd young rider classification; 3rd mountains classification; Stage 14 and 15 wins
* 1998: **1st overall** (*maglia rosa*); **1st mountains** classification (*maglia verde*); Stage 14 and 19 wins
* 1999: Stage 8, 15, 19 and 20 wins
* 2000: 28th overall
* 2003: 14th overall

### Other stage races and classics 
* UCI Road World Championships Road Race (1995): 3rd (Bronze Medal)
* Vuelta a Murcia (1999): 1st overall
* Tour de Suisse (1995): Stage 9 win
* Setmana Catalana (1999): Stage 2 win
* Vuelta a Murcia (1998): 3rd overall; Stage 4a win
* Summer Olympics Men's Road Race (2000): 69th place

## Other websites
*Italian Official website
*Fansite 
*Selection of videos of Marco Pantani in the alps 

## References
## Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
Conscience

**Conscience** is something that tells people if what they are doing is right or wrong. Having it can make people sad about what they have done. It is the sense of the moral goodness or blameworthiness of one's own conduct, intentions, or character together with a feeling of obligation to do right or be good.

## Origin of word
Middle English (also in the sense ‘inner thoughts or knowledge’): via Old French from Latin conscientia, from conscient- ‘being privy to’, from the verb conscire, from con- ‘with’ + scire ‘know’.

## Related pages
* Conscientious objector
* Consciousness
* Guilt
* Ethics
* Freedom
* John Locke
* Morality
* Reason

## Other websites 
* A chapter on Conscience  From Parenting For Everyone, by S.Soloveychik, 1986
Clare, Suffolk

**Clare** is a small town on the north bank of the River Stour in Suffolk, England. Clare is an amazing town with it containing ruins of an old railway station.It has an amazing market in the town center every week.

## Other websites 
* The Official Website For Clare in Suffolk
* Clare Photo Gallery
Clare

**Clare** can mean:

## Places
* Australia:
** Clare, South Australia, a town in the Clare Valley
** Clare Valley, a wine region in Australia
* Canada:
** Clare (municipal district), a district municipality in Nova Scotia
** Clare (electoral district), an electoral district in Nova Scotia
* Ireland:
** County Clare, one of the 32 counties of Ireland
** Clare (constituency), any of several electoral constituencies
** Clare (river), a river in County Galway
** Clare Island, an island in County Mayo
** Clarecastle, a village in County Clare
* United Kingdom:
** Clare, Suffolk, a small town
** Clare College, Cambridge, a college of the University of Cambridge
* United States:
** Clare, Indiana
** Clare, Iowa
** Clare, New York
** Clare County, Michigan
** Mount Clare, Illinois

## Schools
* Saint Clare School

## People 
::*Are you looking for Claire?*
* Saint Clare of Assisi, foundress of the Poor Clares and companion of Saint Francis
* Saint Clare of Montefalco, an Augustinian Catholic saint
* Blessed Clare of Rimini, a beatified Poor Clare nun
* Clare Balding, a sports presenter
* Clare Buckfield, an English actress
* Clare Martin, an Australian politician
* Clare Short, a British politician
* Dustin Clare, an Australian actor
* John Clare, a 19th-century poet
* de Clare family, an aristocratic English family in medieval times

### Fictional people
* Clare (Power Rangers), fictional character on the series *Power Rangers: Mystic Force*
* Angel Clare, a character from ''Tess of the d'Urbervilles*
* A character from the webcomic No Rest for the Wicked.
* Clare, the main character from the manga *Claymore* and anime *Claymore TV Series*.
* Clare Abshire, a character from the book *The Time Traveler's Wife*
* Clare Quilty, a character in *Lolita*.
* Clare, in the British comic strip *Clare in the Community''

## Other
* CLARE (Contact lens acute red eye), an inflammatory condition of the cornea due to overwearing of contact lenses

## Related pages
* Claire
* Clara (disambiguation)
Triple Entente

are in pink, the **Triple Entente** in grey and neutral countries in yellow.]]
The **Triple Entente** (English: *Triple Agreement*) was the name given to an alliance between the United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire. The alliance was made after the Entente cordiale of 1904 and the Anglo-Russian Entente between Britain and Russia in 1907. The alliance was made stronger by agreements made with Japan, the United States and Spain.  This made a balance of power, which meant that no group of great powers was much stronger than any other, with the "Triple Alliance" of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. If Italy was attacked by France she would have the help of the other two powers, and if France attacked Germany Italy would help Germany.            

With the First World War, these ententes were not military agreements - but they later involved the military because of the problems between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.  The Triple Entente became a military alliance.  In 1915, Italy left the Triple Alliance, and from 1916 fought against Germany. The Russian revolution in October 1917 meant that Russia left the alliance, but the military alliance between France and the UK lasted until 1940, when Nazi Germany invaded France. 

During World War I, Italy joined the Entente, declaring war against Austria–Hungary in May 1915, Turkey in August 1915, Bulgaria in October 1915, and Germany in August 1916. The alliance was expanded to create a multinational coalition, known as the "Allies".   

This included:  

* France
*
*
* Serbia
*
* Montenegro
* Japan
* Italy
*
* Romania
*
*
*
* Greece
* Siam
*
* China
*
*
*
*
*
*
* Asir
* Nejd and Hasa
* Hejaz
* Armenia
## Non state Combatants
*  Assyrian volunteers under Mar Shimun XIX Benyamin and others.
*  Polish Legions
*  Czechoslovak Legions: armed by France, Italy, and Russia

## References
Crime fiction

**Crime fiction** is the genre of fiction that has to do with crimes, their solving, criminals, and their reasons for doing crime. Sometimes, crime fiction is also in the science fiction or historical fiction genres, but usually they are separate. It has several sub-genres, such as mystery fiction, legal thriller, (see John Grisham) and courtroom drama.

## Related pages
*Wilkie Collins
*Charles Dickens
*Dashiell Hammett
*Raymond Chandler
Hugo de Vries

**Hugo Marie de Vries** (Haarlem, 16 February 1848 – Lunteren, 21 May 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He suggested the concept of genes, rediscovered Gregor Mendel's laws of heredity, and introduced the term *mutation*. He developed a mistaken mutation theory of evolution, mainly due to the peculiarities of his favourite organism, the Evening Primrose (*Oenothera lamarckiana*).

Carl Correns also – independently – rediscovered Gregor Mendel's work on genetics. Erich von Tschermak's status as a third rediscoverer is now less convincing. 

## References
Erich von Tschermak

**Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg** (15 November 1871 – October 11 1962) was an Austrian botanist.

Von Tschermak is one of three men – the others were Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns – who were credited with independently rediscovering Gregor Mendel's work on genetics. Von Tschermak published his findings in June 1900.

By a quirk of history, Correns had been a student of Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli. Nageli was a renowned botanist with whom Mendel corresponded about his work with peas, but who failed to understand how significant Mendel's work was. Von Tschermak was a grandson of a man who taught Mendel botany during his student days in Vienna.

## Reassessment 
Though von Tschermak was originally also credited with the rediscovery, this is no longer generally accepted, because he did not understand Mendel's laws.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Article relating the work of Gregor Mendel
Woodward's wallaroo

'''Woodward's wallaroo'* (*Macropus bernardus*), also called the **black wallaroo** and *'Bernard's wallaroo''', is the smallest of the wallaroos. The male is black or dark brown and the female is a grey colour. It is a shy nocturnal grazer and does not live in big groups. It uses the rocky cliffs where it lives to shelter and hide from danger. The name wallaroo means a "rock kangaroo."

## References 
## Other websites 
*Department of Environment and Heritage Species Profile
Bernard Hinault

**Bernard Hinault** (born 14 November 1954) in Yffiniac is a French cyclist who won the Tour de France five times. He is also one of only seven cyclists to have won all three Grand Tours, the Tour de France, the Giro d'Italia, and the Vuelta a España. He is one of the two cyclists who has won each Grand Tour more than once. He won the Tour de France in 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982 and 1985. He was first in the Giro d'Italia in 1980, 1982 and 1985. He was first in the Vuelta a España in 1978 and 1983. Hinault had the nickname ***Le Blaireau*** (**the Badger**). Hinault says this was a local custom with cyclists when he was young. Professional cyclists used the nickname because badgers do not let go of their prey (animals they want to eat) easily. People know him as a very  and strong man.

## Professional highlights 
### Pro Team Sponsors 
*Gitane-Campagnolo: 1977
*Renault-Elf-Gitane: 1978-1983
*La Vie Claire: 1984-1986

### Main victories 
;1977
:Liège-Bastogne-Liège
:Gent-Wevelgem
:Grand Prix des Nations
:Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
;1978
:Tour de France
:: 1st place overall classification
::Winner stages 8, 15 and 20
::3 days in yellow jersey
: Vuelta a España
:Grand Prix des Nations
;1979
:Tour de France
:: 1st place overall classification
:: 1st place points classification
::Winner stages 2, 3, 11, 15, 21, 23 and 24
::17 days in yellow jersey
:Giro di Lombardia
:La Flèche Wallonne
:Grand Prix des Nations
:Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
;1980
:Tour de France
::Winner prologue, stages 4 and 5
::2 days in yellow jersey
:Giro d'Italia
:: 1st place overall classification
::Winner stage 14
::5 days in pink jersey
: World Road Cycling Championship
:Liège-Bastogne-Liège
:Tour de Romandie
;1981
:Tour de France
:: 1st place overall classification
::Winner stages 7, 16, 20 and 22
::18 days in yellow jersey
::Winner Combativity award
:Paris-Roubaix
:Amstel Gold Race
:Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
;1982
:Tour de France
:: 1st place overall classification
::Winner prologue, stages 15, 20 and 22
::12 days in yellow jersey
:Giro d'Italia
:: 1st place overall classification
::Winner prologue, stages 3, 12, 18, 22
::15 days in pink jersey
:Grand Prix des Nations
;1983
: Vuelta a España
:La Flèche Wallonne
;1984
:Tour de France
::Second place overall classification
::Winner prologue
::1 day in yellow jersey
::Winner Combativity award
:Giro di Lombardia
:Grand Prix des Nations
:Quatre Jours de Dunkerque
;1985
:Tour de France
:: 1st place overall classification
::Winner prologue, stage 8
::16 days in yellow jersey
:Giro d'Italia
:: 1st place overall classification
::Winner stage 12
::10 days in pink jersey
;1986
:Tour de France
::Second place overall classification
:: 1st place mountains classification
::Winner stages 9, 18 and 20
::5 days in yellow jersey
::Winner Combativity award

Hinault also won the season-long *Super Prestige Pernod International* competition four times from 1979 to 1982, the same as Jacques Anquetil's total.

## References 
* *Memories of the peloton* by Bernard Hinault, Vitesse Press, ©1989., 
* *Hinault par Hinault* by Bernard Hinault, Editions Jacob Duvernet, ©2005.
Alex Rodriguez

**Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez** (born July 27, 1975 in New York City, New York). In the past, he played as shortstop for the Seattle Mariners and Texas Rangers.

He is currently first in runs scored and total bases; second in extra base hits and RBI, and 4th in hits among all players in baseball history since their 31st birthday. Also, Rodriguez has more HR, RBI, runs scored and more base hits than all-time leaders Hank Aaron (RBI), Barry Bonds (HR), Rickey Henderson (runs scored), and Pete Rose (hits) did before their 31st birthdays. He is the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs, breaking the record Jimmie Foxx set in 1939.

He has been said to be one of the best all-around players currently in baseball.

In 2009, he admitted to using steroids from 2001-2003, during his time with the Texas Rangers, in order to become better at baseball.

His playing career ended in August 2016.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Alex Rodríguez at The Internet Movie Database
* AROD.com  - Alex Rodriguez's official website
* A-Rod's Salary: Watching for Collusion  on Time.com
* ESPN E-Ticket article - Alex Rodriguez 2007, *King of Gotham?*
* ''Men's Vogue'' April 2008 feature article on A-Rod
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 1

This is the results of '''''America's Next Top Model*, Cycle 1*'.

## Judges
*Tyra Banks
*Janice Dickinson
*Kimora Lee Simmons
*Beau Quillian

## Contestants
### In order of elimination
(*ages stated are at time of contest*)
*Tessa Carlson, 19, from Chicago, Illinois
*Katie Cleary, 21, from Glenview, Illinois
*Nicole Panattoni, 22, from Rancho Murrieta, California
*Ebony Haith, 24, from Harlem, New York
*Giselle Samson, 18, from Corona, California
*Kesse Wallace, 21, from Little Rock, Arkansas
*Robynne "Robin" Manning, 26, from Memphis, Tennessee
*Elyse Sewell, 20, from Albuquerque, New Mexico
*Shannon Stewart, 18, from Franklin, Ohio (runner-up) 
*Adrianne Curry, 20, from Joliet, Illinois (winner)

### Call-out order
: The contestant was eliminated
: The contestant won the competition
: The contestant won the reward challenge
: The contestant was scouted at a separate audition and later added into the cast
: The contestant refused to participate in the photoshoot
: The contestant refused to participate in the photoshoot and was eliminated
Zoe

**Zoe** could mean:
*Zoé (band), a *rock en español* band from Mexico
*Zoe (name), people and fictional characters with the name 
*Zoë (robot), a four wheeled robot used to map life in the Atacama Desert
*Zoe (tribe), an indigenous tribe of the Brazilian Amazon
**Zoey 101*, an American television show of Nickelodeon
*Zoé's Ark, a French charity organization
*Zoe Motors, a manufacturer of three-wheeled cars
*Zoë Records, an independent record label
*Cyclone Zoe, a tropical cyclone
*(58534) Logos I Zoe, a satellite of an object orbiting beyond the dwarf planet Pluto
*An æon of Gnostic belief systems

**ZOE** may stand for:
**Zone of the Enders* (series), a video game and anime series 
*Zinc oxide eugenol, a material used in dentistry

## Related pages
*Zoea, a free-swimming larval stage of crustaceans
*Zoetrope, an animation device
Zoe (name)

**Zoë** (and other such names) is a feminine name which came from ancient Greece and means "life" in Greek. The pronunciation of the name is [ **zoh**-ee, zoh ]. This name was ranked #42 on the US Popular Names in 2021. 

Some uses of the name are:

## Real people
* Zoe Ball, British television presenter
* Zooey Deschanel, American actress/musician
* Zoe Karbonopsina (died c. 920), Byzantine empress
* Zoe (empress), Byzantine empress (c. 978–1050)
* Zoe Palaiologina, (c. 1455–April 7, 1503), wife of Tsar Ivan III of Russia
* Zoë (singer), English pop star who had a 1991 hit with "Sunshine On A Rainy Day"
* Zoey (singer), a J-Pop singer
* Zoe Cramond, New Zealand actress
* Zoe Saldaña, American actress

## Fictional characters
* Zoë (Sluggy Freelance), a character from the *Sluggy Freelance* comic strip
* Zoë Castillo, a character from the computer game *Dreamfall: The Longest Journey*
* Zoé (Little Big Adventure), a character from *Little Big Adventure* video games
* Zoë, a character in the series *Monarch of the Glen*
* Zoë (All My Children), a character on the *All My Children* soap opera
* Zoe Reynolds a character played by Keeley Hawes in the BBC television series *Spooks*, (*MI-5* in the United States)
* Zoe Orimoto, a character from Digimon Frontier
* Zoe Washburne, from the television series *Firefly*
* Zoe Trent, a character from *Littlest Pet Shop*
* Zoe, a character from *Bluey*
* Zoe Heriot, a character in the television series *Doctor Who*
* Zoë (Sesame Street), a Muppet
* Zoe MacPherson, a character from the *Baby Blues* comic strip
* Zoey (Pokémon)
* Zoey Brooks, main character on *Zoey 101*
* Zoey Hanson, Ichigo Momomiya's English dub name in *Tokyo Mew Mew* (*Mew Mew Power*)
* Zooey Glass, One of the principal characters in *Franny and Zooey* the dual stories published by J.D. Salinger in 1955

## References
Carl Correns

**Carl Erich Correns** (10 September 1864 – 14 February 1933) was a German botanist and geneticist. His research into heredity led to his rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's earlier work. 

Hugo de Vries also – independently – rediscovered Gregor Mendel's work on genetics. Erich von Tschermak's status as a third rediscoverer is now less convincing.

Correns grew hybrids of peas, and of maize, and reached the same interpretation as Mendel, in 1899. 

The occurrence of cases in which the heterozygote is intermediate (the absence of dominance) was added in a footnote to his 1900 paper. That dominance was not always present had been seen and understood by Mendel, according to his letters to Nägeli. By a quirk of history Correns was a student of Nägeli, a renowned botanist with whom Mendel corresponded about his work with peas. Nägeli failed to understand how significant Mendel's work was.

In 1913 Correns became the first director of the newly founded Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology in Berlin-Dahlem.

## Later work 
Correns produced the first evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance, in his 1909 paper on variegated leaf colour in *Mirabilis jalapa*. The basis of this inheritance is that chloroplasts, the organelles which conduct photosynthesis, are inherited solely from the maternal parent.

## References
Wallaroo

A **wallaroo** is an Australian macropod with its size between the big kangaroos and the small wallabies. The name "wallaroo" is a mix of wallaby and kangaroo. Most wallaroos are smaller than a kangaroo, and live in open, rocky country. Wallaroo means "rock kangaroo". There are three types of wallaroo. They all stand the same way: wrists raised, elbows close into the body, and shoulders back, and all have a large, black nose.

## Wallaroo species
### *Macropus robustus* 
The **eastern wallaroo**, *Macropus robustus*, sometimes called the, **common wallaroo** or just **wallaroo** lives on the sides of the Great Dividing Range (which runs for more than 3,000 km along the eastern and south-eastern coast of Australia). There are four subspecies of Eastern Wallaroo: 
* the Eastern Wallaroo, which lives across Australia
* the Euro, also widespread
* one that lives only on Barrow Island
* one that lives only in the Kimberley area of Western Australia

### *Macropus bernardus* 
'''Woodward's wallaroo** or **black wallaroo'*, *Macropus bernardus*, lives in steep, rocky ground in Arnhem Land. Between 60 to 70 cm in length (without tail) it is the smallest wallaroo and the most heavily built. Males weigh 19 to 22 kg, females about 13&nbsp;kg. 

### *Macropus antilopinus* 
The **antilopine wallaroo**, *Macropus antilopinus'', also called the antilopine kangaroo, is different to other wallaroos. It is, more like the eastern and western grey kangaroos. It lives in groups on the grassy plains and woodlands, where the other wallaroos live by themselves.

## References
Antilopine kangaroo

The **antilopine kangaroo** (*Macropus antilopinus*), also called the **antilopine wallaroo** or the **antilopine wallaby**, is a large macropod that lives only in the tropical areas of northern Australia. They live in Cape York Peninsula in north Queensland, the "Top End" of the Northern Territory, and the Kimberley region of Western Australia. They live in groups feeding on the open grass lands. Antilopine kangaroos are often in groups of all males, or all females.

 (*Macropus rufus*) and the eastern grey kangaroo (*Macropus giganteus*). Babies are born in the summer (February-March), and leave the mother's pouch in November, at the start of the wet season.

Climate change could mean that this kangaroo could become extinct in the future.

## References
## Other websites
*Photo of Macropus antilopinus
Synchronization

in a parade is synchronized.]]
**Synchronization** is the  of a set of events into a system that works according to time. For example, a conductor of an orchestra serves to keep the orchestra *in time*, or *synchronized*. Systems that operate with all their parts in synchrony are said to be *synchronous* or *in sync*.

In synchronization, time and  are important. It is used in many everyday systems, including those in transport, computer science, music, multimedia and telecommunication.

Today, synchronization can be done across the world due to digital signals and GPS-enabled time-keeping systems.

## Related pages 
* Atomic clock
* Flywheel
* Time
* Tuning fork
* Race condition
* Synchronization (computer science)

## Other websites 
* Dictionary Definitions
Cubic foot

A **cubic foot** is a measure of volume. It is the amount of liquid that can be fit into a box 1 foot deep, one foot wide, and one foot in length. A cubic foot can be written ft3. It is used in the United States, and partially in Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Peptide

**Peptides** are organic chemical molecules. They are polymers made from linking amino acids together in a certain order. The link between one amino acid residue and the next is known as an amide bond or a peptide bond.

Linking peptides together gives proteins, which are *polypeptides*.

 of Gly-Gly. The peptide bond is between the carbon that is double bonded to the oxygen, and the nitrogen.]]
Gly-Gly, or Glycylglycine is (a dipeptide and also) the simplest peptide; It is the dipeptide of Glycine.

## Related pages
*Dipeptide

## References
Webmin

**Webmin** is a web-based system configuration tool for OpenSolaris, Linux and other Unix-like systems. It can configure many operating system internals, such as users, disk quotas, services, configuration files, as well as modify and control many opensource applications, such as the Apache HTTP Server, PHP and MySQL.

Webmin is largely based on Perl, running as its own process and web server. It defaults to TCP port 10000 for communicating, and can be configured to use SSL if OpenSSL is installed with extra required Perl Modules.

## References
Family tree

A **family tree** is a chart showing family relationships in a  tree structure form. The more detailed family trees used in medicine, genealogy, and social work are known as genograms.

As normally showed, a family tree "grows" down from the top, from the oldest generations at the top to the newer generations at the bottom. A tree showing the descendants of an individual (illustration right) will more closely look like a tree in shape; one showing the ancestors of an individual (illustration below in "The Family Tree of Sigmund") will be wider at the top than the bottom. When looking at the closer to the bottom of the tree, it will show more recent generations, and when looking farther up, there will be older generations.
the oldest family members go on the right maybe the  left.
## Related pages 
*Ancestor table
*Genogram
Muzaffarabad

**Muzaffarabad** () is the capital city of Azad-Kashmir. It is in Muzaffarabad District on the banks of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. It is very hilly and mountainous. Majority of the population speak Pahari-Pothwari and are Muslim and follow Islam.

The district is bounded by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west, by the Kupwara and Baramulla districts of the Indian Jammu and Kashmir in the east, and the Neelum District of Azad Kashmir in the north.

## Other websites
Palembang

**Palembang** is a city in Indonesia. It is in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. As of mid-2019, 1,662,893 people live there. It is the capital of the province of South Sumatra.

## History 
The city was the capital of the old, Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya that included a large part of Malaysia and Indonesia. After a 1025 raid by the Chola Empire of southern India it became less important. Srivijaya's capital moved north to Jambi. Palembang is also the home of Parameswara, the ruler of Malacca (a state in Malaysia) who started the most important empire in Malaysian history. 

The Battle of Palembang was fought near the city during the Second World War between February 13-February 15 1942. Japanese forces captured the airport and nearby oil refinery after a short but bloody battle.

## Economy 
Palembang's economy has grown after it became a venue for National Sporting Event in 2004. . Palembang was also one of hosts of the 2007 AFC Asian Cup.

The city is served by Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport which has many flights to many cities in Indonesia and also to Singapore and Malaysia.

This city is famous in Indonesia for its "Pempek" fish cakes.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Palembang government - in Indonesian
* Heraldry of Palembang
* Visit Musi 2008
Beccles

**Beccles** is a small market town in Suffolk, England, around the area of The Broads. The town had a population of about 9, 850 people around 2005. Beccles has a suburb called Worlingham which has a combined population of about 13,580. The Puritan Peck was eventually forced to leave, and went to Hingham, Massachusetts, founded by many members of his parish, where he lived for several years, until King Charles I had been executed and Oliver Cromwell was in charge of government. At that time, Robert Peck decided to return to Hingham, Norfolk, and continued his pastorship of St. Andrews Church. He died in Hingham but he left descendants in America, as well as his brother Joseph Peck, who settled in Rehoboth, Massachusetts.

## References
Istria

**Istria** (Croatian, Slovene: *Istra*, Italian: *Istria*), formerly **Histria** (Latin), is the biggest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea.

## Census data 
Source: Croatian Census - 2001. Slovenian Census - 2002. Italian Census - 1970/2001

## Related pages
*Istrian-Dalmatian exodus

## References
Darwinism

with an ape or monkey body symbolized evolution.]]

**Darwinism** is a term used to talk about ideas connected to those Charles Darwin had about evolution. The meaning of 'Darwinism' has changed over time, and depends on who uses the term.

## Summary 
# Within any population, there is natural *variation*. Some individuals have more favourable variations than others.
# Even though all species produce a large number of offspring, populations remain fairly constant in nature.
# This is due to the struggle between members of the same species and different species for food, space, and mating.
# The struggle for survival within populations eliminates the unfit individuals. The fit individuals with favourable variations survive and reproduce. This is called natural selection (or survival of the fittest).
# The individuals having favourable variations pass on these variations to their progeny from generation to generation.
# These variations when accumulated over a long period of time, lead to the origin of new species.

## History 
The term was coined by Thomas Henry Huxley in April 1860. He used it to describe evolutionary concepts, including similar ideas such as Malthusianism and Spencerism. In the late 19th century, it came to mean the concept that natural selection was the only mechanism of evolution, in contrast to Lamarckism. Around 1900, Gregor Mendel's work was rediscovered. Today, Darwin and Mendel's ideas have been brought together. The term 'Darwinism' has become associated with the modern evolutionary synthesis and social darwinism. 

## References
Rick Warren

**Richard Duane "Rick" Warren** (born January 28, 1954) is both founder and pastor of the evangelical Baptist Saddleback Church in Southern California. It is the largest church in California. He is also the best-selling author of many Christian books, such as *The Purpose Driven Life*. He is also an influential evangelical leader.

Warren was born in San Jose, California.

## Other websites
Prenatal diagnosis

**Prenatal testing** or **Prenatal diagnosis** are tests done on pregnant women. They are used to test fetuses for birth defects and some genetic disorders. 

Prenatal tests can be non-invasive or invasive.  Non-invasive tests include things like utrasounds. In invasive tests, a needle is inserted - for example, to get a sample of fluid from the placenta). 

Prenatal tests can check for many conditions, like:
* Down syndrome
* Spina bifida 
* Cleft palate
* Tay-Sachs disease
* Sickle-cell disease
* Thalassaemia
* Cystic fibrosis
* Fragile X syndrome

In some cases, the tests are administered to determine if the parents want to abort the fetus.

In some cases, fetal screening has been done to identify things that are not birth defects. For example, in some parts of the world, if an ultrasound shows that a fetus is female, it is sometimes aborted.  The rise of designer babies raises a number of ethical and legal issues.

## Related pages 
* Obstetric ultrasonography
* Fetoscopy
Malthusianism

**Malthusianism** is a set of ideas developed by Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus. Malthus was an economist who lived during the industrial revolution.

In 1798, Mathus published a book, called *An Essay on the Principle of Population*. In it, he describes his Malthusian growth model. He wrote that the growth of the population is exponential, but the growth of the food supply is only arithmetical. This means if there are no limits to the growth of the population, it will not be possible to produce food for all of them. Malthus was read by Charles Darwin. It showed Darwin that the survival of a species was something which needed explaining.

The Tory party had paternalistic ideas such as charity for the poor. Malthus said this would not work, and it would only lead to increased numbers of the poor. The theory was developed into Whig economic ideas such as The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. Its opponents  described the act as "a Malthusian bill designed to force the poor to emigrate, to work for lower wages, to live on a coarser sort of food". The act brought the construction of workhouses despite riots and arson.

By that time the ideas were widespread in progressive social circles. One supporter was the novelist Harriet Martineau who also knew Charles Darwin. The ideas of Malthus were a significant influence on the development of Darwin's ideas.

Though Malthusianism has since come to be identified with the issue of general over-population, the original Malthusian concern was more specifically with the fear of over-population by the dependent poor.

One of the earliest critics of Malthusian theory was Karl Marx who referred to it. Many people today believe that Malthus was right about human population growth getting out of hand.

## Sources 
*Adrian Desmond and James Moore, *Darwin* (London: Michael Joseph, the Penguin Group, 1991). 
*Marx's footnote on Malthus from Capital http://www.cooper.edu/humanities/core/hss3/k_marx2.html 

## References
## Other websites 
*
*Antony Trewavas, "Malthus foiled again and again,", *Nature*, August 8, 2002
Herbert Spencer

**Herbert Spencer** (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an British philosopher, and a prominent liberal political and social theorist of the Victorian era.

## Works
Spencer developed an all-embracing conception of evolution. He saw evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies. 

Spencer never married; he remained a bachelor. He contributed to a wide range of subjects, including ethics, religion, politics, philosophy, biology, sociology, and psychology.

Like Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, he read Malthus' *Essay on the principle of population*, and was deeply impressed by its argument. Malthus said that sooner or later population growth gets checked by famine and disease, and there are then many deaths. So, he was prepared for Darwin's idea of natural selection, which he preferred to call "survival of the fittest". He did this in  *Principles of Biology* (1864), after reading Charles Darwin's *On the Origin of Species*.
:"This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called ‘natural selection’, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life." 

Spencer's term does strongly suggest natural selection, yet as he extended evolution into realms of sociology and ethics, Spencer made use of Lamarckism rather than natural selection, so it seems he was not a Darwinian after all. Others took up his social ideas, and drew the conclusion that it was useless to try and help the poor, and that competition without limits was the way society should go. Darwin himself did not accept these ideas, but they were quite widespread in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century.

## References
Rongorongo

**Rongorongo** is a system of writing native to Easter Island. It cannot be read. There are two dozen examples of rongorongo script, mostly carved on tablets made from wood of the portia tree *Thespesia populnea,* known as *makoi* in Rapanui (Easter Island) language. The longest inscription in existence is the Santiago Staff, a wooden sceptre 126 centimetres long and 6.5 centimetres wide, bearing 2300 glyphs (Gr. *γλυφη* "carving"). The staff, which once belonged to an Easter Island king, was acquired by the Chilean Navy in 1870 and is now in Santiago's Museum of Natural History.

In 2019, only 25 texts were seen as authentic. These texts and artefacts are distributed over different museum in the world, none remains on the Easter Island. The total text corpus is about 14,000 "letters", made of about 600 different glyphs. The writing was probably used for religious purposes; only very few people used it. The age of the writing is unknown. In the 19th century, Europeans received the first objects with writing on them. Some glyphs show plants that do not exist, or have never existed on Easter Island. One example is the Breadfruit, which has never existed on Easter Island. The knowledge of the plant must have been passed on from the first settlers, from generation to generation.  

When the Europeans came on the island, they paid high prices for tablets containing Rongoro. Today, there are a number of artefacts containing Rongorongo which are clear forgeries. There are some, where the claim is disputed.

## References
## Other websites 
*Unicode.

**Thespesia*