open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Damascus

**Damascus** () is the capital city of Syria. In Arabic, its name is Dimashq (دمشق). It is the largest city in Syria with about 4.8 million people living there. Damascus is thought to be one of oldest cities in the world that still has people living in it. It is believed that people started living in Damascus as long ago as 8000 BC to 10,000 BC (12000 years ago).

## Location
Damascus is about 50 miles inland from the Mediterranean Sea, sheltered by the Anti-Lebanon Mountains.

## Economy
Damascus used to play an important role as an important trade center. Now it is not because of political development in the region as well as the development of modern trade. Most goods produced in Damascus, as well as in Syria, are distributed to countries of the Arabian peninsula. while other universities are private, such as the Syrian Private University  and the aljazeera Private University.

## Historical sites 
Damascus has many historical sites dating back to many different periods of the city's history. Since the city has been built up with every passing job, it has become almost impossible to dig out all the ruins of Damascus that lie up to 8 feet (2.4 m) below the modern level. The Citadel of Damascus is in the northwest corner of the Old City. The Bab Sharqi street is filled with small shops and leads to the old Christian quarter of Bab Tuma (St. Thomas's Gate). Medhat Pasha Souq is also a main market in Damascus and was named after Medhat Pasha. At the end of the Bab Sharqi street, one reaches the House of Ananias, an underground chapel that was the cellar of Ananias's house. The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Grand Mosque of Damascus, is one of the largest mosques in the world and also one of the oldest sites of continuous prayer since the rise of Islam.

## Image gallery

File:Roman triumphal arch, Damascus.jpg|Roman triumphal arch
File:ساحة عرنوص.JPG|Parks in Damascus
File:Bait Farhy Al-Moalem - Jewish Quarter Damascus.jpg|The Jewish quarter
File:Umayyad Square, Damascus.jpg|Umayyad Square
File:Damascus general laz1.jpg|General view at night

## References
## Other websites 
*eDamascus - Official website for Damascus
*Damascus Online -  information about the city of Damascus
*The 31 Places to Go in 2010 (The New York Times)
Ronnie Barker

**Ronald William George Barker** (25 September 1929 – 3 October 2005), popularly known as **Ronnie Barker** and (as a writer) **Gerald Wiley**, was an English comic actor, comedian and writer. He was born in Bedford and moved to Oxford when he was four. He is best known for being on the very popular television variety show *The Two Ronnies*. Also on the show was his long-time comedy partner, Ronnie Corbett. Barker died of heart failure in Adderbury, Oxfordshire.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Guantanamo (disambiguation)

**Guantánamo** is a city in Cuba.

**Guantánamo** or **Guantanamo** might also mean:
* Guantánamo Province, a province of Cuba that contains the city
* Guantánamo Bay, a bay in the south of Cuba
* Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, a naval base used by the United States, located in that bay
Guantánamo Province

:*This article is about the province in Cuba. For other titular locales and uses, see Guantanamo (disambiguation).*
**Guantánamo** is the easternmost province of Cuba. Its capital is also called Guantánamo. Other towns include Baracoa. The province surrounds the important U.S. Navy base at Guantánamo Bay.

Guantánamo's architecture and culture is unlike the rest of Cuba. 
The original settlement was done by Catalan families from the Ampurdan region of north-eastern Catalunya, Spain in 1764. British forces had occupied the area for over 40 years and Scot-Irish settlers were a constant preoccupation to the Spanish auhorities. In 1805, when the French were forced out of St. Domingue (Haiti) 35,000 French settlers were given lands in Cuba, many French families settled in the Guantanamo area becoming coffee and cacao planters meaning that many buildings are comparable to those of the French Quarter of New Orleans in the U.S. state of Louisiana.

Before the Castroite Revolution the Carnivals of Guantanmo were famous in Cuba.

The province is only 80&nbsp;km away from Haiti its closest point, across the Windward Passage and close enough to see lights on Haiti on a clear night. Guantánamo also has a number of immigrants from Jamaica.
 
The Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains (Sierra de Cristal) dominate the province, dividing both climate and landscape. The northern coast, battered by prevailing winds, is the wettest part of the country, while the south, sheltered and dry, is the hottest. The north is characterized by rainforests, while the south is arid and has many cacti.

## Municipalities 
# Baracoa
# Caimanera
# El Salvador
# Guantánamo
# Imías
# Maisí (La Máquina)
# Manuel Tames
# Niceto Pérez
# San Antonio del Sur
# Yateras (Palenque)

## Related pages
* *Guantanamera*
* Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt
La Habana Province (1976–2010)

**Havana Province,** (Spanish - **Provincia de la Habana**), Cuba, is a former provinces of Cuba. On January 1, 2011 it was split into two new provinces - Artemisa Province and Mayabeque Province.

The capital city of Havana is a separate province, surrounded by the province of Havana. It had 711 066 people in the 2002 census. The largest city is the city of Artemisa with a population of 75,000 in 2003. The second largest city is Güines (70,000).

Havana Province had borders with the city of Havana, Pinar del Rio, and Matanzas. It has coasts in the south and north and has dozens of towns and a few small cities which rank between the 20 and 40 largest of the island.

The southern coast of the province has many swamps and wetlands.

Most of the province's farms raise cattle and grow food, mostly potatos and fruit. Unlike much of Cuba, sugar and tobacco play only a small role in the province's economy. There is also much industrialization in the province, with many electricity plants and sugar mills.

## References
Granma Province

**Granma** is one of the provinces of Cuba. Its capital is Bayamo. Other towns on it include Manzanillo (a port on the Gulf of Guacanayabo) and Pilón. Cuban military leader and founding father Carlos Manuel de Céspedes was born in the province.

## History 
The province was named after the yacht *Granma*, used by Che Guevara and Fidel Castro to land in Cuba with 82 guerrillas in 1956. The American who sold them the secondhand yacht in Mexico apparently had named it after his grandmother http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article1215891.ece  and so the name of this vessel, with its non-standard spelling, became an icon for Cuban communism. Not every Cuban realizes that the name would translate as *abuela,* although all can name the mothership of the revolution.

### Results 
The province is full of reminders of the Cuban Revolution, and the Cuban Wars of Independence. There are many plaques in the mountains that commemorate the struggle against Fulgencio Batista. The struggle took place in 1959.
It is believed there are many unmarked grave sites from the different wars. The sites of the various palenques, the fortified hamlets of escaped slaves can be found. These have been uncovered by archaeological digs. Most of these are not specially marked. Recently a hurricane destroyed the site of Castro's headquarters at La Plata. Cuba's highest point is located in Granma.

## Economy 
There are numerous abandoned gold, silver, and manganese mine sites. This is the area where Raúl Castro holds his centre of power and it is said to be the site of secret garrisons. 

Coffee is grown in the mountainous regions of the province, and during the coffee harvest, there may be road blocks, where soldiers ensure that the coffee is delivered to the government and not the black market.

## Municipalities 
# Bartolomé Masó
# Bayamo
# Buey Arriba
# Campechuela
# Cauto Cristo
# Guisa
# Jiguaní
# Manzanillo
# Media Luna
# Niquero
# Pilón
# Río Cauto
# Yara

## Other websites 
* Granma Portal  (Spanish)

----
Santiago de Cuba Province

**Santiago de Cuba Province** is the second most populated province in the island of Cuba. It has a population of about 1.2 million people. The largest city Santiago de Cuba (554,000) is its main administrative center. Other large cities include Palma Soriano (125,000), Contramaestre (88,000), Mayarí Arriba (80,000), San Luis (65,000) and Songo-la Maya (50,000). 

The province has many material resources such as iron and nickel. The economy, however, relies mostly on agriculture, with large plantations growing bananas, cacao and coffee dotting the landscape. Industry is growing around the capital, as is tourism. The natural beauty of the area is attracting many tourists from both the rest of Cuba and from overseas.

Santiago de Cuba province has been the site of many battles, both during the war for independence and the 1959 Cuban Revolution, where much of the guerrilla fighting took place in the mountainous province.

## Municipalities 
# Contramaestre
# Chivirico
# Mella
# Palma Soriano
# San Luis
# Santiago de Cuba
# Mayarí Arriba
# La Maya
# Cruce de los Baños

## Historical use of the name 
Before 1976, Cuba was divided into six provinces. One of these was Oriente province, which was, prior to 1905, known as Santiago de Cuba province. See Historical provinces of Cuba.

## Other websites 
* Santiago.cu (in spanish) 
* Travel info on Santiago de Cuba
* santiagoencuba.com (in spanish)
Vail, Colorado

**Vail** is a town in the American state of Colorado. It is best known for being one of the best places to ski in North America. The Vail Ski Resort is the largest ski resort with only one mountain in North America. In 2020, 4,835 people lived in Vail.

## Notes
Las Tunas Province

**Las Tunas** is one of the provinces of Cuba. Major towns include Puerto Padre and Amancio, as well as the capital, Victoria de Las Tunas (sometimes known as Las Tunas, or even just Tuna).

The Las Tunas province was established in 1978, when it was split from the *Oriente* region.

The southern coast, which opens onto the Golfo de Guacanayabo, is marshy and characterised by mangroves. This wet area is used to grow sugarcane in, as the wet climate is well suited for the crop.

Cattle are also grazed in the province, which was, until the 1975, part of the Oriente province that was divided into five smaller provinces by the Cuban government. Victoria de Las Tunas was just a small market town until that year, and a large development program was started to modernise the town and connect it by road to Havana.

## Municipalities 
# Amancio
# Colombia
# Jesús Menéndez
# Jobabo
# Las Tunas (Victoria de Las Tunas)
# Majibacoa (Calixto)
# Manatí
# Puerto Padre

## Other websites 
* Periodico 26  — Newspaper of Las Tunas Province (in English)
* Las Tunas portal  (Spanish)
Holguín Province

**Holguín** is one of the provinces of Cuba, the second most populous after Ciudad de la Habana. It lies in the southeast of the country. Its major cities include Holguín (the capital), Banes, Antilla, Mayarí, and Moa.

The province has a population of slightly over one million people. Its territory extends over more than 9300&nbsp;km², 25 percent of which are covered by forest.

## History 
Christopher Columbus landed in what is believed to have been today's Holguín province on October 27, 1492. He declared that it was "the most beautiful country human eyes had ever seen".

The Holguín province was established in 1978, when it was split from the *Oriente* region.
## Illustrious Sons 
General Calixto García (1839-1898), 19th century patriot. Wars of independence from Spain.

Fulgencio Batista (1901–1973), General, President, Dictator of Cuba.
Commander in Chief Fidel Castro (1926–2016), lawyer, revolutionary, ex-President of Cuba.
Army General Raúl Castro (1931), minister of the Revolutionary Army Forces, Vice-President and President of Cuba.

## Economy 
Like much of Cuba, Holguín's economy is based around sugarcane, though mining, corn and coffee are also large earners for the province.

At Moa, there is a huge cobalt processing plant with shipping facilities, that was constructed with the help of foreign aid , much of it from Canada. There are chrome, nickel, iron and steel plants dotted throughout the province as well.

Tourism has only recently begun to be experimented with by the Fidel Castro government, and in Holguín, there are numerous hotels around the Guardalavaca area.

## Municipalities 
Holguín is divided into 14 municipalities:

# Antilla
# Báguanos
# Banes
# Cacocum
# Buenaventura
# Cueto
# Frank País (Cayo Mambí)
# Gibara
# Holguín
# Mayarí
# Moa
# Rafael Freyre
# Sagua de Tánamo
# Urbano Noris

## Other websites 
* Holguín.cu 
* Holguín Hotels
Paul Hartley

**Paul Hartley** (born 19 October 1976) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the manager of Scottish League One side Cove Rangers.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Score and result list Scotland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after Hartley goal.''

### Managerial record
## Honours
### Player
**Hibernian**
*Scottish First Division: 1998–99

**Heart of Midlothian**
*Scottish Cup: 2005–06

**Celtic**
*Scottish Premier League: 2006–07, 2007–08

### Manager
**Alloa Athletic**
*Scottish First Division play-offs: 2013
*Scottish Third Division: 2011–12

**Dundee**
*Scottish Championship: 2013–14

**Cove Rangers**
*Scottish League One: 2021–22
*Scottish League Two: 2019–20

## References
Ciego de Ávila Province

**Ciego de Ávila** is one of the provinces of Cuba, and was previously part of Camagüey Province. Its capital is Ciego de Ávila, which lies on the Carretera Central (central highway), and the second city is Morón, farther north.

Off the north coast of the province are a string of *cayos* (cays) - these islands are being developed as tourist resorts, principally Cayo Coco and Cayo Guillermo. The south coast is characterised by mangroves.

Between Morón and the north coast are several lakes, including La Laguna de Leche (the Lake of Milk, so called for its white appearance because of large lime deposits underwater) which is the largest natural lake in Cuba.

Central Ciego de Ávila is used for cattle ranching, elsewhere in the province sugar, pineapples and citrus fruit are grown.

The province was separated from Camagüey Province in 1975 by Fidel Castro's government.

## Municipalities 
# Baraguá (Gaspar)
# Bolivia
# Chambas
# Ciego de Ávila
# Ciro Redondo
# Florencia
# Majagua
# Morón
# Primero de Enero
# Venezuela
Sancti Spíritus Province

**Sancti Spíritus** is one of the provinces of Cuba. Its capital is the identically named Sancti Spíritus. Another major city is Trinidad.

The southern coast of the province is flat, but the western portion of Sancti Spíritus province is mountainous. The southeast has numerous mangroves and swamps.

The largest man made reservoir in Cuba, the Embalse Zaza, is in Sancti Spíritus province.

Tourism is a big earner for the province, with most of the tourism revolving around the old city of Trinidad, a World Heritage listed city which has dozens of colonial buildings (and almost no 20th century architecture) dating back to the Spanish conquest in the 1500s, and, as with most of Cuba, sugarcane and cattle are important commodities. Some tobacco and rice is also grown.

During the 1600s, both Dutch and British pirates attempted to take control of what is today Sancti Spíritus province, but with little success, as the Spanish garrison held them off. From 1660 to 1680, Trinidad was plagued by pirates from Jamaica and Tortuga, and on two occasions, pirates razed the city.

The provinces of Cienfuegos, Sancti Spíritus, and Villa Clara were once all part of the now defunct province of Santa Clara.

## Municipalities 
# Cabaiguán
# Fomento
# Jatibonico
# La Sierpe
# Sancti Spíritus
# Taguasco
# Trinidad
# Yaguajay

## References
## Other websites 
* Hotel del Rijo in Sancti Spíritus 
* A complete list of Sancti Spíritus Hotel's
* Hotel Zaza in Sancti Spíritus
Villa Clara Province

**Villa Clara** is one of the provinces of Cuba. Its main cities are Santa Clara (the capital), Sagua La Grande, Placetas, Camajuaní, Remedios and Caibarién.

The coast of Villa Clara is dotted with numerous cays, and there are many coral reefs and sandy beaches, too.

Around Santa Clara, the land rises into the Alturas de Santa Clara. The highest point in the province is in the Alturas, at 464&nbsp;m above sea level. Villa Clara also has numerous lakes, which are used for both water sports and fishing. The largest Cuban river to drain into the Atlantic, Río Sagua la Grande, is also in Villa Clara province.

Sugar, the commodity that the Cuban economy relies upon, is grown in the plains in the north of the province, and several large mills provide employment to many people.

The provinces of Cienfuegos, Sancti Spíritus, and Villa Clara were once all part of the now defunct province of Las Villas.Santa Clara was the capital of Las Villas.

## Famous People of Villa Clara 
* Joe Carollo - former mayor of Miami, USA
* Richard Egues - Musician (Orquesta Aragon)
* Francisco Gatorno - actor
* Rubén González - pianist
* Livan Hernandez - baseball player
* Orlando Hernandez - baseball player
* Wilfredo Lam - painter
* Benny "Kid" Paret - boxer
* José Bernal - artist
* Amelia Pelaez - painter
* Zaida del Rio - painter
* Aida ida Morales - painter

## Municipalities 
# Caibarién
# Camajuaní
# Cifuentes
# Corralillo
# Encrucijada
# Manicaragua
# Placetas
# Quemado de Güines
# Ranchuelo
# Remedios
# Sagua La Grande
# Santa Clara
# Santo Domingo
Cienfuegos Province

**Cienfuegos** (Spanish for "one hundred fires") is one of the provinces of Cuba. The capital city of the province is also called Cienfuegos and was founded by French settlers in 1819.

Cienfuegos is the smallest province in Cuba. Growing and processing sugar is very important to its economy. There are many sugar mills and sugarcane plantations across the province. 

Scuba diving is a popular activity in Cienfuegos. There are many underwater caves and over 50 places for diving. There are also waterfalls in the mountains of the province.

The provinces of Cienfuegos, Sancti Spíritus, and Villa Clara were once all part of the Santa Clara province. The Santa Clara province no longer exists though.

## Municipalities 
# Abreus
# Aguada de Pasajeros
# Cienfuegos
# Cruces
# Cumanayagua
# Lajas
# Palmira
# Rodas
Matanzas Province

**Matanzas** is one of the provinces of Cuba. 

## Location 
### Major towns 
Major towns in the province include Cárdenas, Jovellanos and the capital of the same name, Matanzas. The resort town of Varadero is also located in this province.

### Geographical location and appearance 
The second largest in Cuba, Matanzas province is largely flat, with its highest point (Pan de Matanzas) at only 380m above sea level.

The north coast has numerous small cays of its coast, and scrubland and mangroves near the shoreline.

The southern coast has one of Cuba's most distinctive features: an enormous marsh, Ciénaga de Zapata that covers both the southern part of the province and the peninsula of the same name. East of the peninsula lies the Bay of Pigs, the site of the failed US backed invasion.

## Economy 
Of Cuba's provinces, Matanzas is one of the most industrialised, with petroleum wells, refineries, supertanker facilities, and 21 sugar mills to process the harvests of the fields of sugarcane in the province.

## Municipalities 
# Agramonte
# Alacranes
# Arcos de Canasí
# Bolondrón
# Cárdenas
# Carlos Rojas
# Colón
# Guamacaro
# Jagüey Grande
# Jovellanos
# Juan Gualberto Gómez
# Los Arabos
# Manguito
# Martí
# Matanzas
# Máximo Gómez
# Pedro Betancourt
# Perico
# San Antonio de Cabezas
# San José de los Ramos
# Santa Ana (Cidra)
# Unión de Reyes
# Varadero

## References

*Cuba Demographycs 

## Other websites 
*Provincial portal
Camagüey Province

**Camagüey** is the largest of the provinces of Cuba. Its capital is Camagüey. Other towns include Florida and Nuevitas.

Camagüey is mostly low lying, with no major hills or mountain ranges passing through the province. Numerous large cays (including what used to be one of Fidel Castro's favourite fishing spots; the Archipiélago Jardines de la Reina) characterise both the northern and southern coasts. 

Sandy beaches are found on both coasts also, and despite a large potential for tourism, the province has seen little development in that area. Exception being Santa Lucía beach, on the North coast.

The economy of the Camagüey province is primarily cattle and sugar (in the north and south) farming, and the province is known for its cowboy culture, with rodeos frequently held. Chickens and rice are also farmed, and a small citrus fruit industry exists. The capital city also has one of the few breweries on the island.

## Municipalities 
# Camagüey
# Carlos Manuel de Céspedes 
# Esmeralda
# Florida
# Guáimaro
# Jimaguayú
# Minas
# Najasa
# Nuevitas
# Santa Cruz del Sur
# Sibanicú
# Sierra de Cubitas
# Vertientes]
Pinar del Río Province

**Pinar del Río** is one of the provinces of Cuba. It is at the western end of the island of Cuba.

The Pinar del Río province has one of Cuba's three main mountain ranges, the Cordillera de Guaniguanico. The mountains are divided into the easterly Sierra del Rosario and the westerly Sierra de los Organos. These form a landscape characterised by steep sided limestone hills and flat, fertile valleys.

The province relies on tobacco farming, with Pinar del Río producing 70% of Cuba's crop, used to make the cigars that are so prized overseas. The best tobacco, used for more expensive cigar brands, is grown in the flat lands of San Juan y Martínez. Tourism in the Viñales Valley is another important part of the economy.
__TOC__

## Municipalities 
* Bahía Honda
* Candelaria
* Consolación del Sur
* Guane
* La Palma
* Los Palacios
* Mantua
* Minas de Matahambre
* Pinar del Río
* San Cristóbal
* Sandino
* San Juan y Martínez
* San Luis
* Viñales

## Famous people from Pinar del Río 
* Omar Ajete - baseball player
* Danys Baez - baseball player
* José Contreras - baseball player
* Silvia Costa - high jumper
* Emeterio González - javelin thrower
* Pedro Luis Lazo - baseball player
* Omar Linares - baseball player
* Alay Soler - baseball player

## Other websites 
* Official site 
* Visit Hotel Pinar del Río 
* Villa Maria La Gorda  
* Villa Cabo San Antonio  
* Hotel Moka, Las Terrazas, Pinar del Río
Hergé

**Georges Prosper Remi** (22 May 1907 – 3 March 1983), also known as **Hergé**, was a Belgian cartoonist. Hergé was born in Etterbeek, Brussels from a group of people in Belgium called Walloons and spoke French. He is best known for his comic, *The Adventures of Tintin*. Hergé first made Tintin in *Le Petit Vingtième* in 1929.

"This famous Belgian artist is often considered to be the most influential European comic artist ever and his "clear line" style was widely copied by new generation of comic artists."

Hergé died in Woluwe-Saint-Lambert on 3 March 1983. He was 75 years old. Hergé's life's work is watched over by his widow. She shut down Hergé Studios. She started the Hergé Foundation in 1987. It is now called Moulinsart S.A.

## References
## Other websites
*http://www.lambiek.net/artists/h/herge.htm - Hergé Georges Remi - Overview of his life and works
*http://us.tintin.com/about/herge/  - Hergé
Louisville, Kentucky

**Louisville** is the largest city in the state of Kentucky in the USA. The settlement that became the City of Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark. It is named after King Louis XVI of France. It was an important river port in the 19th century. Many people come to the city in May for the Kentucky Derby horse race.

Here are some pictures of buildings in Louisville:

File:LouisvilleNightSkyline2-small.jpg|The middle of Louisville at night
File:Highlands.jpg|East Louisville's Highlands area
File:Louisville_City_Hall,_HABS_KY-143-9.jpg|Louisville City Hall (city government offices)
File:LouisvilleSluggerMusem.jpg|A giant baseball bat decorates the outside of Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory.
File:Belle of Louisville 2.jpg|The Belle of Louisville is a very old steamboat
|Humana insurance company headquarters

## References
Mount Rushmore

, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln.]]
**Mount Rushmore** is a famous mountain and memorial near Keystone, South Dakota in the United States. It has the heads of four of America's presidents carved on it: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The Mount Rushmore Memorial is a part of the United States Presidential Memorial, which covers  and is  above sea level (altitude).

## History 
Before the memorial was carved, the native Lakota Indian Tribes called the mountain "Six Grandfathers". Later, the mountain was named after Charles E. Rushmore, a well-known later, after an expedition in 1885. The memorial was carved to help increase tourism in the Black Hills, where the mountain was. Doane Robinson first formed the idea in 1923. Robinson convinced many  people in the United States government to build the memorial. Congress soon allowed construction to begin.

After gaining Congress's approval, Gutzon Borglum, a famous American sculptor, was hired to begin the project.

The work of carving the heads began on March 3, 1925. It was completed on October 31, 1941.

## References
West Side Story

***West Side Story*** is a musical. It is based on Shakespeare's play, *Romeo and Juliet*. The book was written by Arthur Laurents. The music was composed by Leonard Bernstein, and the lyrics were written by Stephen Sondheim. It starred Carol Lawrence as Maria. 

*West Side Story* opened on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theatre on 26 September 1957, and on the West End at Her Majesty's Theatre on 12 December 1958. On the West End, was performed 1,039 times. It won two Tony Awards. 

The musical was adapted to a movie in 1961, starring Natalie Wood. The movie won 10 Academy Awards. The movie was remade in 2021.

## Plot 
The story is set in the Upper West Side neighborhood in New York City in the mid-1950s.  It is a working-class neighborhood with a mixture of ethnic groups. (In the early 1960s, much of the neighborhood would be cleared to make room for Lincoln Center, which changed the neighborhood.) 

The musical explores the rivalry between the Jets and the Sharks, two teenage street gangs of different ethnic backgrounds. The Sharks' members are immigrants from Puerto Rico. The Jets' members are Caucasian (their families immigrated from places like Ireland and Italy).  The two gangs fight over which areas in the neighborhood belong to which gang.

There are four main characters in the play:
* Riff, the Jets' leader
* Bernardo, the Sharks' leader
* Maria, Bernardo's sister
* Tony, Riff's best friend.  Tony used to be a member of the Jets.
After meeting her at a dance, Tony falls in love with Maria.  This causes more fighting between the Jets and the Sharks.

## Music
Bernstein's score for the musical includes:

## Importance
The play's dark ,  music, long dance scenes, and focus on social problems made *West Side Story* a turning point in American musical theatre. 

## Related pages
* Musical theatre
* *Romeo and Juliet*

## References
## Other websites 
*The Official West Side Story website
Lorscheid

**Lorscheid** is a village and a part of the Ruwer (municipality) near Trier in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Lorscheid is on an old Roman road. Many archaeological settlements are nearby. The village is first mentioned in the inventory of the Abbey of St. Maximin in Trier for the year 1211.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Lorscheid
Thrash metal

**Thrash metal** is an extreme metal type of heavy metal music that is characterised by its high speed and aggression. 

## Origins
The origins of thrash metal are generally traced to the late 1970s and early 1980s, when a number of bands began incorporating the sound of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal with elements of hardcore punk and more specifically Thrashcore, creating a new genre and developing into a separate movement from punk rock. This genre is much more aggressive compared to its relative, speed metal. 

## Thrash metal bands
* Anthrax
* Artillery
* As I Lay Dying
* Celtic Frost
* Coroner
* D.R.I.
* Dark Angel
* Death Angel
* Deaths Head
* Defiance
* Destroyer 666
* Excel
* Exodus
* Flotsam and Jetsam
* Forbidden
* Hellhammer
* Helloween
* Kreator
* Megadeth
* Mercenary
* Metal Church
* Metallica
* Mortal Sin
* Nevermore
* Overkill
* Onslaught
* Pantera
* Sepultura
* Sabbat
* Sanctuary
* Shadows Fall
* Silent Civilian
* Slayer
* Suicidal Tendencies
* Tankard
* Testament
* Trivium
* Venom
* Voivod

## References
Coronation

A **coronation** is a ceremony that gives a monarch regal or royal power or recognizes that power. The power is symbolized by putting a crown on his or her head. We say that the monarch is "crowned" at the coronation. 

The ritual with anointing may have a religious meaning. Coronations are not as common now as in the past, although in some countries such as Great Britain it is still normal to hold the ceremony to install a new king or queen.

## Related pages 
* Enthronement
* Inauguration

## Other websites
Cylon

The **Cylons** are fictional robots on the science fiction television series *Battlestar Galactica*. 

## The Story So Far 
The people from the Twelve Colonies of Kobol created the Cylon robots. They told them to work for them and fight for them. The Cylons stood up to the people from the Colonies and fought against them. The Cylons went away after the war and changed into real people as well as robots. After forty years, the Cylons came back and almost killed all the people in the Colonies. They went after the people that were not killed in many ships.

## Types of Cylons 
*Skinjob Cylons look the same as normal people. It is very hard to know if they are Cylons or normal people. There are many Skinjobs that look the same. There are only twelve looks. Cylons that look the same do not always act the same.

*Centurions are metal robots with armor. Humans sometimes call them toasters because they are shiny like a toaster. Centurions fight and work.  They are the only type of Cylons to not be alive.

*Cylon raiders are small ships that fight other small ships. The ship is actually a type of animal.
Perth and Kinross

**Perth and Kinross** (*Peairt agus Ceann Rois* in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland. It borders onto the Aberdeenshire, Angus, City of Dundee, Fife, Clackmannanshire, Stirling, Argyll and Bute and Highland council areas. Perth  is the administrative centre.  It corresponds broadly, but not exactly, with the former counties of Perthshire and Kinross-shire.

## Other websites 
*Perth and Kinross Council
*Scottish Local Government areas and history
*The Perthshire Diary - 365 history stories
*Perth Scotland 
## Towns and villages
*Aberfeldy
*Acharn
*Alyth
*Auchterarder
*Ballinluig
*Blackford
*Blairgowrie
*Bridge of Balgie
*Clunie
*Comrie
*Coupar Angus
*Crieff
*Dull
*Dunkeld
*Dunning
*Finegand
*Fearnan
*Forteviot
*Fortingall
*Glenshee
*Kenmore
*Killiecrankie
*Kinloch Rannoch
*Kinross
*Lawers
*Meigle
*Meiklour
*Methven
*Milnathort
*Muthill
*Perth
*Pitlochry
*Rattray
*Spittal of Glenshee
*Weem

## Places of interest
*Atholl Country Collection
*Ben Lawers
*Blackhall Roman Camps
*Blair Atholl Mill
*Blair Castle
*Castle Menzies
*Cluny House
*Drummond Castle
*Forest of Atholl
*Fortingall Yew
*Glen Lyon
*Grampian Mountains
*Loch Earn
*Loch Rannoch
*Loch Tay
*Melville Monument
*Rannoch Moor
*Strathearn
Jarosław Kaczyński

**Jarosław Aleksander Kaczyński** (born 18 June 1949) is a Polish politician. He was born in Warsaw.

As a child, he and his brother Lech Kaczyński starred in the 1962 Polish movie The Two Who Stole The Moon (*O dwóch takich, co ukradli księżyc*), based on a popular Polish children's story by Kornel Makuszyński.

He was Prime Minister of Poland from July 2006 to November 2007. He is also the chairman of Law and Justice ("Prawo i Sprawiedliwość"), a political party which he helped start in 2001.

He ran for president in 2010, but was defeated by Civic Platform candidate Bronisław Komorowski.

In October 2020, he became the Deputy Prime Minister of Poland.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sierpc

**Sierpc** is a city in Poland in the Masovian Voivodeship. About 18,872 people live there. The area is 18,6&nbsp;km².

The football club there is called Kasztelan Sierpc.

## Other websites 
*Official town webpage
*Map via mapa.szukacz.pl 
*Open air museum in Sierpc - photo
Heart failure

**Heart failure** is when the heart cannot pump blood well. Heart failure is different from cardiac arrest, because the heart is still working. Heart failure can be sudden ("acute"), like after a heart attack, or can come on slowly. 

Someone with heart failure can have shortness of breath (which may be worse when they lie flat), waking up breathless at night, swelling of the legs, and needing to urinate often during the night. There are many reasons why someone can get heart failure. Most often, heart failure is caused by heart attacks, high blood pressure, or problems with the heart valves. 

A doctor makes a diagnosis of heart failure by asking about the symptoms above, and examining the heart, blood vessels, lungs, liver (for swelling) and legs (for swelling or edema). Other tests to prove the diagnosis are X-rays of the lungs, an echocardiogram (an ultrasound test of the heart) and blood tests. 

Heart failure can only be cured with a heart transplant, which is not done often, but most people with heart failure need to take diuretic medicines and other medication (ACE inhibitor, statin). Some people with heart failure are treated with an artificial pacemaker that makes the heart work better.
2006 in movies

The following is an overview of events in **2006**, including the highest-grossing movies, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of movies released and notable deaths.

## Highest-grossing movies
''Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest* became the third movie in cinema history to gross over $1 billion and is the 24th highest-grossing movie of all time.

## Events
## Awards
## 2006 wide-release movies
### January–March
### April–June
### July–September
### October–December
## Movies released in 2006 
* American movies
* Argentine movies
* Australian movies
* Bengali movies
* Bollywood movies
* Brazilian movies
* British movies
* French movies
* Hong Kong movies
* Italian movies
* Japanese movies
* Mexican movies
* Pakistani movies
* Russian movies
* South Korean movies
* Spanish movies
* Tamil movies
* Telugu movies

## Notable deaths
## Movie debuts
* Katie Cassidy – *When a Stranger Calls*
* Rebecca Hall – *Starter for 10*
* Armie Hammer – *Flicka*
* Jennifer Hudson – *Dreamgirls*
* Rami Malek — *Night at the Museum*
* Eddie Redmayne – *Like Minds*
* Mia Wasikowska – *Suburban Mayhem''

## Notes
## References
* Box Office Mojo movie release schedule.
George Bernard Shaw

**George Bernard Shaw** (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950) was an Irish writer. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925.

His best known works are his plays, some of which were made into movies. He wrote many plays about political problems, and those polemic plays sometimes gave him enemies. For example, he wrote a play about prostitution, and another about women's rights.

His play *Saint Joan* was made into a movie in 1957.

His play *Pygmalion* was made into a movie twice. The first *Pygmalion* movie won him an Academy Award for the best adapted screenplay, 1938. Later, the play was also made into a musical play called *My Fair Lady*. The movie based on that musical won 8 Academy Awards in 1964.

Shaw was the first person to win both a Nobel Prize and an Academy Award.

Shaw also wrote musical criticism using the pseudonym (made-up name) Corno di Bassetto (which means: Basset horn).

In 1962, his play *Androcles and the Lion* was printed in a two-language version. On one side of the book, the text is written using regular English. On the other side, it is written using the Shaw alphabet.

He also wrote a play called Caesar and Cleopatra.

## Personal views
Shaw was a vegetarian, did not drink alcohol, and spoke strongly in favor of socialism and women's rights. He was also interested in making the English language easier to spell. In his will, he left money to be used to make a new alphabet. He wanted the new alphabet to have at least 40 letters, so that each sound could be spelled with just one letter.

Shaw delivered speeches supporting the idea of eugenics (selected breeding to improve the human race) and he became a noted figure in the movement in England.

## References
Tuareg people

The **Tuareg** (, sometimes spelled *Touareg* in French, or *Twareg* in English) are a Berber ethnic group. The Tuareg today lives mostly in West Africa, but they were once nomads that moved throughout the Sahara. They used their own writing known as the tifinaɤ.

Today most Tuaregs are Muslim. Their most important leader was a woman. Tuareg men use veils, but not women. Their families are matrilinear.

## References
Kalash people

The **Kalash** (Nuristani: *Kasivo*) or **Kalasha**, are an ethnic group of the Hindu Kush mountain range. They live in the Chitral district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They  speak the Kalash language, a member of the Dardic language family of Indo-Aryan.  

There are only about 10,000 Kalash people. The Kalash people live in three isolated valleys. They claim to have a Greek origin. The Kalash have a polytheist religion, while neighboring peoples are Muslims. The Kalash are also known for their human features. It can vary from someone with light brown skin, brown eyes, and black hair to someone with white skin, blue eyes, and blonde hair.

## Related pages 
* Kalasha religion
* Nuristani people

## References 
## Other websites 
### General Information 
* Picturesque Pakistan  Extensive, general Kalash information
* Site Shara Forum for Chitral and the Kalasha
* Kalash: The descendants of Alexander's soldiers 
* Reaching out to Alexander’s sons *The Kalash, Pakistan’s remaining pagans, find unlikely savior in British senior citizen*
* The Kalash: The Lost Tribe of Alexander the Great

### Resource 
* Kalasha People Online  A blog used by Kalasha and their New Alphabet to write Kalashamondr (Kalasha language)
* Frontier Language Institute  Kalasha dictionary

### Media 
* Kalash Valleys  A plethora of high quality pictures of the Kalash people and their homeland.
* Youtube: Kalash Image and video montage
* The Alphabet Book Trailer   Promotional trailer for the feature documentary "The Alphabet Book"
Giovanni Boccaccio

**Giovanni Boccaccio** (, , ; 16 June 1313&nbsp;– 21 December 1375) was an Italian author and poet. He wrote several famous works, such as *On Famous Women* and the *Decameron*. Boccaccio was the first poet, who used ottava rima in longer poems.
Thus he started long tradition of employing this form in epic poems. 
Some of Geoffrey Chaucer's works were based on Boccaccio's poems.
## References 
## Other websites 
* Giovanni Boccaccio at The History Guide
Frank

The term **Frank** has many meanings:
* Franks, a Germanic people active during the Middle Ages
*The people who live in Franconia (*Franken*) today are calls *Franks*
* A hot dog
**Frank* (Amy Winehouse album)

## People
* Anne Frank (1929-1945) wrote a diary during the Second World War
* Frank Sinatra (1915-1998), American singer who is one of the most highly acclaimed male popular song vocalists of all time
* Frank Zappa (1940-1993), American musician
Skrewdriver

**Skrewdriver** was a punk rock band formed in Blackpool, England in 1976 by Ian Stuart Donaldson. They later became a skinhead/Oi! band, and became  by having racist views. They became one of the first white power punk bands and played a leading role in the Rock Against Communism movement.

## Members 
*Ian Stuart Donaldson-Singer
*Phil Walmsley-Guitar
*Ron Hartley-Guitar
*Kev McKay-Bass
*John "Grinny" Grinton-Drums

## Albums 
* *All Skrewed Up*
* *Peel Session*
* *Hail The New Dawn*
* *Blood and Honour*
* *White Rider*
* *After The Fire*
* *Warlord*
* *The Strong Survive*
* *Freedom What Freedom*
* *Hail Victory*

## Live albums 
*Waterloo Live '92
*Deutschland Erwache

## Collections 
*Land On Fire
*Undercover
*1977-83 The Complete Studio Collection

## Video/DVD 
*Skrewdriver-Live In Germany

## Ian Stuart Donaldson solo albums 
*Slay The Beast
*Patriot
*No Turning Back
*The Klansmen-Fetch The Rope
*White Diamond-True Blood

## Internet 
ISD Records/Blood & Honour/Combat 18 http://www.skrewdriver.net 

bbc's united in my bussom
Hopwood

**Hopwood** can be the name of different places:

*Hopwood, Worcestershire, a small settlement in England.
*Hopwood, Pennsylvania, a community in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States.
Hopwood, Worcestershire

**Hopwood** is the name of a small settlement in Worcestershire, England, south of Birmingham.

Hopwood was established due to the Worcestershire and Birmingham Canal, which runs through the area.  Due to this canal the settlement developed around the "Hopwood Inn", which would be a stopping point for anyone using the canal.

Today, the most  feature of Hopwood is the "Hopwood Park services", which is a motorway service station, on the M42 motorway.
Digimon

**Digimon** (Kanji: デジモン, Hepburn: Dejimon) is a Japanese media franchise made by Bandai. It features a group of digital creatures called Digimon. Humans befriend Digimon as partners and work with them to protect both worlds from enemies. The series has movies, manga, anime, toys, video games, Digital Pets and card games.

## Characters 
### Humans 
***Kamiya Taichi**
***Kido Joe**
***Takenouchi Sora**
***Tachikawa Mimi**

## References
San Juan

**San Juan** is Spanish for "Saint John". It might mean:

*San Juan, Puerto Rico, the capital of Puerto Rico
*San Juan Province, Argentina
*San Juan Province (Dominican Republic)
**San Juan de la Maguana, a city in the province
*San Juan Creek, a small river in Orange County, California
*San Juan, Metro Manila

## Related pages
*Saint John (disambiguation)
Tears

**Tears** are clear liquid made by the body to clean and lubricate the eyes.

There are three different types of tears that the body makes:

* *Basal tears:* In a normal, healthy mammal, tears are regularly made to clean the cornea (front part of the eye) and to keep it clean from dust.

* *Reflex tears:* This type of tear is made when something irritates the eye, say, bits of dust or the smell of an onion.  These tears are made to clean the eye and wash out anything irritating it.

* *Emotional tears* (psychic tears): The last category is called *crying* or *weeping*, when tears are made because of physical pain or strong emotions.  

You can produce tears when you cry.
1313

## Events 
* November 9 – Louis the Bavarian beats his cousin Frederick I of Austria at the Battle of Gamelsdorf.
* Siege of Rostock ends.
* Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia starts the Banjska monastery.

## Births 
* June 16 – Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian writer (died 1375)
* July 20 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot, (died 1367)
* August 1 – Emperor Kogon (died 1364)
* August 13 – Aradia di Toscano, female in Italian witchcraft
** Maria of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (died 1357)
** Bartolus de Saxoferrato, Italian law professor (died 1357)

## Deaths 
* March – Guillaume de Nogaret, councillor and keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France
* June 18 – John de Burgh, (born 1286)
* August 24 – Henry VII, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (born 1275)
* September 16 – Notburga, Austrian saint (born 1265)
* November 18 – Constance of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (born 1290)
* *date unknown*
** Arnaldus de Villa Nova, alchemist (born 1235)
** Giorgi VI the Minor, King of Georgia
** John Schorne, rector of North Marston in the English county of Buckinghamshire
** Hugo von Trimberg, German Catholic didactic writer of the Middle Ages
** Robert Winchelsey, Christian theologian and Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1245)
1292

## Events 
### Europe 
* November 17 – (Julian calendar) John Balliol is selected as King of Scotland from among 13 candidates by King Edward I of England; Edward then treats John as a puppet ruler and Scotland as a vassal state, eventually leading to the Wars of Scottish Independence beginning from 1296.

### Asia 
* The Lanna kingdom of northern Thailand conquers and annexes the Mon kingdom of Haripunchai.
* The Vaghela dynasty in Gujarat is subjugated by the Deccan Yadava dynasty of Daulatabad.
* Mamluk Sultan of Egypt Khalil invades the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
* The Turkish emirate of Candaroglu is founded in the Kastamonu Province.

## Births 
* January 20 – Elisabeth I of Bohemia (died 1330)
* Smilets of Bulgaria (died 1298)
* Henry Burghersh, English statesman (died 1340)
* John VI Cantacuzenus, Byzantine emperor (approximate date; died 1383)
* Eleanor de Clare, English noblewoman (died 1337)

## Deaths 
* April 4 – Pope Nicholas IV (born 1227)
* July 13 – or 16 – Jacobus de Voragine, Italian chronicler (born 1230)
* October 25 – Robert Burnell, Lord Chancellor of England
* Abulafia, Spanish kabbalist (approximate date; born 1240)
* Marjorie of Carrick, 3rd Countess of Carrick (born 1256)
* Vakhtang II of Georgia
* John Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury
* Lucia of Tripoli (approximate date)
1203

## Events 
* April 16 – Philip II of France enters Rouen, leading to the eventual unification of Normandy and France.
* April 8 – Congress in Bilino Polje, where Ban Kulin officially declared his allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church and denounced the heresy.
* June 23 – Fleet of the Fourth Crusade enters Bosphorus.
* July 17 – Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault; the Byzantine emperor Alexius III flees from his capital into exile.
* August 1 – Fourth Crusade elevates Alexius IV as Byzantine emperor, after the citizens of Constantinople proclaim as emperor Isaac II Angelus (Alexius IV's father).
* Unknown - John, Duke of Normandy gives the Ecrehos to the Abbey of Val-Richer.

## Heads of states 
* France – Philippe II, Auguste King of France (reigned from 1180 to 1223)
1208

## Events 
* January 31 – Inferior Swedish forces defeats the invading danes in Battle of Lena.
* June 21 – Philip of Swabia King of Germany and rival Holy Roman Emperor to Otto IV, assassinated in Bamberg by German Count Otto of Wittelsbach because Philip had refused to give him his daughter in marriage.
* With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Letts, the crusaders initiated raids into part of what is present-day Estonia and Estonian ancient fight for independence began (lasted until 1227).

## Births 
* February 2 – King James I of Aragon (died 1276)
* Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (died 1275)
* Möngke Khan of the Mongol Empire
* Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (died 1265)
* Akerian Redfern of the Redfern clan

## Deaths 
* April 22 – Philip of Poitou, Prince-Bishop of Durham
* June 21 – Philip of Swabia, king of Germany
* November 9 – Sancha of Castile, queen of Alfonso II of Aragon (born 1155)
* Amhaoibh O'Rothlain, Chief of Calruidhe Cuile Cearnadha