open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Benjamin Franklin Butler

**Benjamin Franklin Butler** was an American politician and political general during the American Civil War. He was born in New Hampshire in 1818. He became a lawyer in 1840. During the Civil War, he was one of the first generals in the Union Army. He also didn't return escaped slaves to their masters, claiming that they were Contraband of War. After the war, he was governor of Massachusetts from January 1883 to January 1884. He died in 1893.

## References
Tethys Ocean

into two supercontinents, Laurasia and Gondwana.]]

The **Tethys Ocean**, also called the **Tethys Sea** or the **Neo-Tethys**, was a prehistoric ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era and early Cenozoic Era, located between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia, before the opening of the Indian and Atlantic oceans during the Cretaceous Period.  

The Tethys Ocean existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia during much of the Mesozoic era. Several smaller versions have existed down to the present day. Today's Black Sea, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea are remnants of the Tethys Ocean.  

## Names 
This is a list of names which have been used for different stages of the Tethys:
*Proto-Tethys, from the latest Ediacaran to the Carboniferous 550–330 million years ago (mya)
*Palaeo-Tethys or Paleo-Tethys, from Carboniferous to early Jurassic
*Tethys Ocean proper, or Neo-Tethys, existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia before the opening of the Indian and Atlantic oceans during the Cretaceous period. Roughly, a bigger Mediterranean, continuing right through to the Indian Ocean.
*Alpine or Paratethys sea to the north of the Tethys, roughly where the Alps are today.
Dara Ó Briain

]]

**Dara Ó Briain** (; born 4 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and television presenter. He is best known for hosting panel shows such as *The Panel* (2003–2011), *Mock the Week* (2005–present), *Dara Ó Briain: School of Hard Sums* (2012–present) and ''The Apprentice: You're Fired!* (2006–present). He has also been on *Don't Feed the Gondolas* (1997–2001), *Three Men in a Boat* (2006–2011), *Have I Got News for You* (1990–present), *QI* (2003–present), *Stargazing Live* (2011–present), *Dara Ó Briain's Science Club* (2012–2013) and *School of Hard Sums'' (2012–2014).

Ó Briain was born in Bray, County Wicklow. He has two children with his wife, Susan, a surgeon. They live in London, England.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
The Free Lance–Star

***The Free Lance–Star*** is a newspaper based in Fredericksburg, Virginia. The newspaper is published daily and serves many counties surrounding Fredericksburg.

*The Free Lance* was first published on January 27, 1885. In 1900, the *Free Lance* operation merged with its competitor, *The Fredericksburg Daily Star*. The two merged newspapers changed the name to *The Free Lance–Star*.

## Other websites 
* Official site
* Online version of print newspaper
Chewbacca

**Chewbacca** is a fictional character in *Star Wars*. Chewbacca is portrayed by Peter Mayhew. Chewbacca is a Wookiee, a fictional species of bipeds in the *Star Wars* universe.
Utatsusaurus

***Utatsusaurus*** is the earliest-known form of an ichthyopterygian. It lived in the earliest Lower Triassic period, about 250245 millions years ago. It is nearly 3m (about 9 feet) long with a slender body. 

The name *Utatsusaurus* was given after the city Utatsu-cho where the first specimen was found. The fossils have been found in the Lower Triassic of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan and British Columbia, Canada.

*Utatsusaurus* is one of the most primitive (basal) types of ichthyosaur. It has transitional features between its ancestral land-dwelling forms and the more derived ichthyosaurs. Unlike the more advanced ichthyosaurs, *Utatsusaurus* has no dorsal fin and has a broad skull. The snout gently tapers, compared to the more rounded one of more derived ichthyopterygians. The tail had a long low fin, quite different from the tail shape of later forms. This suggests that the animal swam by undulation, waving its body to & fro, rather than using its paddles and tail.

]]

The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami destroyed the local museum, but fortunately the specimens were not there at the time.

## References
Gerard Mortier

**Gerard Alfons August, Baron Mortier** (25 November 1943 &ndash; 8 March 2014) was a Belgian opera director and administrator. He was the general director of La Monnaie/De Munt (1981&ndash;91) and of the Salzburg Festival of Salzburg, Austria (1990&ndash;2001). He was born in Ghent and was Flemish.

Mortier died from pancreatic cancer on 8 March 2014 in Brussels. He was 70 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Richard Phillips

**Richard Phillips** (born May 16, 1955) is an American merchant mariner and author. He served as captain of the MV *Maersk Alabama* during its hijacking by Somali pirates in April 2009. He was played by Tom Hanks in the 2013 movie ''Captain Phillips.

Phillips was born in Winchester, Massachusetts. He was raised in Vermont.

## References
William Guarnere

**William J. "Wild Bill" Guarnere** (April 28, 1923 &ndash; March 8, 2014) was an American World War II veteran and author. He was known for being played in the HBO miniseries *Band of Brothers*. He fought during the Battle of Normandy and at the Battle of the Bulge. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Guarnere died on March 8, 2014 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from natural causes, aged 90.

## References
Maersk Alabama hijacking

The '''*Maersk Alabama* hijacking'* it was a hijacking of the *Maersk Alabama* sea ship in 2009. It was hijacked by four pirates in the Indian Ocean. It was  southeast of Eyl, Somalia. The four pirates soon took its captain, Richard Phillips, as hostage on the *Maersk Alabama's* lifeboat.

The hijacking ended after a rescue effort by the U.S. Navy on 12 April 2009, by shooting three of the four pirates. The leader of the attack was in the USS *Bainbridge* looking for a ransom agreement. He was arrested on site. The pirates wanted a ransom of 10 million dollars. Only three people died (all were the hijackers) during the attack.

The book *A Captain's Duty: Somali Pirates, Navy SEALs, and Dangerous Days at Sea* (2010) by Stephan Talty and Captain Richard Phillips was published soon afterwards. The hijacking also inspired the 2013 movie *Captain Phillips'' starring Tom Hanks.

The leader of the attack, Abduwali Muse, is currently serving time in prison in Indiana.

## References
Paco Peña

**Paco Peña** (born 1 June 1942) is a Spanish flamenco composer and guitarist. He is regarded as one of the world's foremost traditional Flamenco players.

Born in Córdoba, Spain as Francisco Peña Pérez, Paco Peña began learning to play the guitar from his brother at age 6 and made his first professional appearance at 12. Encouraged by his family, he left home and began performing throughout Spain as part of a government-sponsored folk music and dance program. This led to calls from professional Flamenco companies in Madrid and the Costa Brava, where Peña established himself as a highly regarded accompanist to Flamenco dance and singing. 

Seeking a new challenge, he moved to London he become a soloist in the late 1960s. Initially the star attraction in the Restaurante Antonio in Covent Garden, Peña got so much interest that he soon found himself sharing concerts with stars. He made his solo debut at Wigmore Hall in 1967. It was not long before Peña was touring the world, both as a soloist and an accompanist with performances at Carnegie Hall in New York City, the Royal Albert Hall in London and the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. 

He founded the world's first university course on flamenco guitar, at the Rotterdam conservatory of music. In 1984 Peña was interviewed by Julian Bream for the Channel 4 television series *Guitarra!* which traces the development of the guitar in Spain.

## References
Terrel Bell

**Terrel Howard Bell** (November 11, 1921 &ndash; June 22, 1996) was an American politician. He was the second United States Secretary of Education. He was in the Ronald Reagan cabinet. He served from January 1981 through January 1985.

Bell was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He studied at Southern Idaho College of Education. Bell died in Salt Lake City from pulmonary fibrosis, aged 74.

## References
James B. Edwards

**James Burrows Edwards** (June 24, 1927 &ndash; December 26, 2014) was an American politician. He served as the 110th Governor of South Carolina from January 1975 through January 1979. He served as the third United States Secretary of Energy under Ronald Reagan's cabinet from January 1981 through January 1982. 

Edwards was born in Hawthorne, Florida. Edwards died at his home in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina on December 26, 2014 at the age of 87 from complications from a stroke.

## References
## Other websites
* SCIway Biography of James Burrows Edwards
William Clay Ford Sr.

**William Clay Ford, Sr.** (March 14, 1925&nbsp;– March 9, 2014) was an American businessman. He was the last surviving grandchild of Henry Ford. Ford owned and served as chairman of the Detroit Lions football team.

Ford was born on March 14, 1925 in Detroit, Michigan. He studied at Yale University. Ford died on March 9, 2014 in Grosse Pointe, Michigan from pneumonia, aged 88.

## References
William Bennett

**William John "Bill" Bennett** (born July 31, 1943) is an American politician. He was the third United States Secretary of Education. He was in Ronald Reagan's cabinet. He served from February 1985 through September 1988. From 1989 to 1990, he served as the first Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy.

Bennett was born in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Williams College, at the University of Texas-Austin, and at Harvard Law School. 

## References
## Other websites
Peter Mayhew

**Peter William Mayhew** (May 19, 1944 &ndash; April 30, 2019) was an English actor. He is best known for playing Chewbacca in the *Star Wars* movies. Mayhew was 7 feet 3 inches tall.

Mayhew was born in London, England. On 30 April 2019, he died at his home in Boyd, Texas from a heart attack, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
Frank Jobe

**Frank Wilson Jobe** (July 16, 1925&nbsp;– March 6, 2014) was an American orthopedic surgeon and co-founder of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic. Jobe invented a kind of elbow operation for baseball players. This surgery is called Tommy John surgery. 

Jobe died on March 6, 2014 in Santa Monica, California, aged 88.

## References
Lauro Cavazos

**Lauro Fred Cavazos Jr.** (January 4, 1927 &ndash; March 15, 2022) was an American politician. He served as Secretary of Education from 1988 to 1990. He was the first Hispanic to serve in the United States Cabinet. 

Cavazos was born in Kingsville, Texas. He was of Mexican descent. Cavazos died on March 15, 2022 in Concord, Massachusetts at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
Juva

**Juva** is a municipality in Southern Savonia. It had about 6,700 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Joroinen, Mikkeli, Pieksämäki, Puumala, Rantasalmi and Sulkava.

## Other websites 
* The official  page
Barbro Kollberg

**Barbro Anna Elisabet Hildestrand** (née **Kollberg**; 27 December 1917 &ndash; 6 March 2014) was a Swedish actress. She is best known for her roles in *Hem från Babylon* (1941), *It Rains on Our Love* (1946), *A Life for the Taking* (1995) and *As It Is in Heaven* (2004). She was born in Eskilstuna, Södermanland County.

Kollberg died on 6 March 2014 in Stockholm. She was 96 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Barbro Kollberg at the Swedish Film Database
Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson

**Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson** (; born 12 March 1975) is an Icelandic politician. He was the Prime Minister of Iceland from 23 May 2013 through 5 April 2016. He has been chairman of the Progressive Party since 2009. He resigned on 5 April 2016 as a result of the Panama Papers leak.

Sigmundur Davíð was born in Reykjavík. He is married to Anna Sigurlaug Pálsdóttir. They have a child together.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Zdeněk Hajný

**Zdeněk Hajný** (30 January 1942 &ndash; 1 March 2014) was a Czech painter, graphic artist and psychologist. In 1994, he founded Galerie Cesty ke světlu. He was born in Vsetín, Zlín Region, Czechoslovakia.

Hajný died on 1 March 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chris Pronger

**Christopher Robert Pronger** ( or ; born October 10, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Hartford Whalers, St. Louis Blues, Edmonton Oilers, Anaheim Ducks, and Philadelphia Flyers.

On June 30, 2015, Pronger was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.

## Awards
*OHL First All-Star Team – 1993
*Max Kaminsky Trophy – 1993
*CHL Plus/Minus Award – 1993
*CHL Best defenceman – 1993
*NHL All-Rookie Team – 1994
*Bud Light NHL Plus/Minus Award – 1998, 2000
*Played in NHL All-Star Game – 1999, 2000, 2001 (voted in as starter but injured), 2002, 2004, 2008
*James Norris Memorial Trophy – 2000
*Hart Trophy (MVP) – 2000
*NHL First All-Star Team - 2000
*NHL Second All-Star Team - 1998, 2004, 2007
*2002 Winter Olympics - Won Olympic Gold with Team Canada
*Stanley Cup – 2007
*2010 Winter Olympics - Won Olympic Gold with Team Canada

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
### International
### All-Star Games
## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
*"Captain Crunch's Time Has Come", The Toronto Sun, February 1, 1998.
Grosse Pointe, Michigan

**Grosse Pointe** is a city near Detroit in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It had a population of 5,678 at the 2020 census.

## References
Grumman EA-6B Prowler

.]]
The **Grumman EA-6B Prowler** is a military aircraft. It is retired from military service. It is a version of the A-6 Intruder. It was used as an electronic warfare aircraft for radar jamming. It was only used domestically and never exported to other countries. It is used only by the US Navy and the US Marines Corps. It was replaced by Boeing EA-18G Growler in 2021.

The EA-6B Prowler was used in the Vietnam War, in the Gulf War, in the war of Kosovo and It was used in Afghanistan's war against al-Qaeda.

The aircraft can be used from either an air base or an aircraft carrier.

## Bibliography 
* 
*
Cessna T-37 Tweet

The **Cessna T-37 Tweet** is a military aircraft. It's used exclusively by military. It's a twin-turbojet aircraft. It's used by many countries. 
A-37 Dragonfly is an attack aircraft variant.

## Similar aircraft 
* Aero L-29 Delfin.
* Fouga CM-170 Magister.

## Bibliography 
* 
*
Sbarro

, Dominican Republic]]
**Sbarro, LLC** is a restaurant chain. Sbarro is known for their New York style pizza. The restaurant was created by both Gennaro and Carmela Sbarro in 1956.

They opened their first Salumeria, an Italian grocery store, at 1701 65th Street and 17th Avenue in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York. One of their busiest Sbarro restaurants was located in the World Trade Center mall.  The headquarters for Sbarro is located in Melville, New York.

On August 9, 2001, there was a suicide bombing at a Sbarro restaurant in downtown Jerusalem, Israel. The bombings were carried out by Hamas. 15 people were killed, which included 7 children, and a pregnant woman. It also wounded 130 people.

On March 10, 2014, Sbarro filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Aarón Hernán

**Aarón Hernán** (November 20, 1930 &ndash; April 26, 2020) was an Mexican telenovela and movie actor. Hernán has appeared in over 100 Spanish telenovelas and over 67 movies. He was known for playing priests on telenovelas. He appeared in two American movies, *Apolinar* and *Black Wind*.

Hernán was born on November 20, 1930 in Camargo, Chihuahua. He died on April 26, 2020 in Mexico City of a heart attack, aged 89.

## References
Zdzisław Żygulski, Jr.

**Zdzisław Żygulski** (18 August 1921 &ndash; 14 May 2015) was a Polish art historian and professor. He worked at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, Anglicist.

He was the curator of the Arms and Armour Section of the Czartoryski Museum from 1949 until his death.

Żygulski was born in Borysław, Poland on 18 August 1921. He died in Krakow, Poland, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
Heiko Bellmann

**Heiko Bellmann** (17 March 1950 &ndash; 7 March 2014) was a German biologist, writer, zoologist and photographer. He published over fifty books.

Bellman died on 7 March 2014 at the age of 63.

## References
## Other websites
*
Werner Uebelmann

**Werner J. Uebelmann** (16 March 1921 &ndash; 1 March 2014) was a Swiss entrepreneur and writer. He last best known for his large collection of cactus. He was born in Aarau, Aargau.

Uebelmann died on 1 March 2014 in Muri, Aargau. He was 92 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
The Stone Roses

**The Stone Roses** are an English rock band fronted by Ian Brown. It was started in Manchester in 1983. 

## History
In 1989 the band released their first album *The Stone Roses*. Seven singles were released from the album which went on to be voted the best British album of all time. 

In 1994 the band released their second album, *Second Coming*. In 1996 the band broke up. The band got back together in 2011. On May 21, 2012 the band announced a reunion tour and performed for the first time in 16 years. In 2013 a documentary called *The Stone Roses: Made of Stone* was released. 

The band split up for a second time in 2017.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *The Stone Roses* (1989)
* *Second Coming* (1994)

## References
Mad as Rabbits

"**Mad as Rabbits**" was the last song ever recorded while Ryan Ross and Jon Walker were still members of *Panic! at the Disco*.  The song is from the band's second studio album, *Pretty. Odd.*  The quote "(We must) *Reinvent Love*" (or "*Reinvent♥*") is the last line sung on the album by Urie and Ross together.
Takfiri

A **Takfiri** (Arabic: تَكْفِيرِيَّةُ جَمَاعَةٍ) is a Muslim who says that another Muslim has apostated (left the religion). 'Takfiri' comes from the Arabic word *kafir*, meaning somebody who does not follow Islam. The ideology partially comes from hadithic (from narrations from Muhammad's life) requirements to enjoin [instruct someone to follow] the good and forbid the evil.

## Related pages
*Jihad

## References
Peter Bares

**Peter Bares** (16 January 1936 &ndash; 2 March 2014) was a German organist and composer. He was best known for his church music. He was born in Essen.

Bares died on 2 March 2014 in Rhineland-Palatinate. He was 78 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Overland Campaign

The **Overland Campaign** was a series of battles in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It took place during May and June of 1864. The battles were some of the bloodiest battles of the war.

## Background 
In the spring of 1864, Grant had been ed to command all Union armies. Grant's plan to end the war had several parts. Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's Atlanta Campaign and Grant's Overland Campaign were supported by other campaigns.
* Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 8th to May 21st), 30,000 casualties. 
* Battle of North Anna (May 23rd to May 26th, 4,000 casualties.
* Battle of Cold Harbor (May 31st to June 12th), 15,500 casualties.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* The Civil War in Four Minutes: The Overland Campaign
* The Overland Campaign; Annimated History
Hubert Reeves

**Hubert Reeves**  (July 13, 1932 – October 13, 2023) was a Canadian astrophysicist and popularizer of science. His career has lasted for nearly fifty years. He won many awards for his works including the Albert Einstein Award.

Reeves was born in Montreal, Quebec. He studied at Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf. Reeves now lives in Paris, France.
Reeves often spoke on television, promoting science. He resided in Paris, France, where he died on October 13, 2023, at the age of 91.
## Related pages
*List of astrophysicists
## References 
## Other websites
*  
* Biography in English at science.ca
Quiznos

, Colorado]]

**QIP Holder LLC**, business known as **Quiznos**, is a fast food restaurant brand. Quiznos is known for their toasted subs. The restaurant was created by company founder Jimmy Lambatos in 1982. The headquarters for Quiznos is in Denver, Colorado. Behind Subway, it is the second-largest submarine sandwich shop chain in North America.

In February 2014, the Wall Street Journal wrote that the company was preparing to file for Bankruptcy debt protection because the company had $570 million of debt. In March 2014, the restaurant brand filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy. They said that they would still continue operating while it restructured its debt and made operational improvements.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Rudolph A. Marcus

**Rudolph Arthur Marcus** (born July 21, 1923) is a Canadian-American chemist. He received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems. The Marcus theory is named after him.

Marcus was born in Montreal, Quebec. 

On July 21, 2023, Marcus turned 100 years old.
## References
## Other websites
Shirtdress

A **shirtdress** is a style of dress which borrows details from a boy's-man's dress shirt. These can include a collar, a button front, or cuffed sleeves. Often, these dresses are made up in crisp fabrics like cotton or silk, much like a men's dress shirt would be. As they are typically cut without a seam at the waist, these dresses often have a looser fit, usually relying on a belt to define the waist. Button fronts and a forgiving fit make this a flattering look for most body types.

## Other websites
*Definition of a Shirt Dress  by Cynthia Nellis
Sanna Nielsen

in 2008.]]
**Sanna Viktoria Nielsen** (born 27 November 1984) is a Swedish singer. She has participated in Melodifestivalen seven times between 2001 and 2014. Her seventh try was in Melodifestivalen 2014 with the song "Undo". The song won and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark.

## Career
Sanna Nielsen was born and grew up in Bromölla, Skåne. Her career started at several talent searches, the first being in 1992 in Olofström. In 1994 she participated in a talent search in Kallinge and won with the song "Can You Feel the Love Tonight". Nielsen performed with the danceband Mats Elmes between 1995 and 1996 at the age of eleven.

At the same time she reached the number one spot on the Svensktoppen Chart with the song "Till en fågel". Nielsen became the youngest person to reach number one at the chart.

In September 1996 Nielsens debut album "Silvertoner" was released. A reviewer of the album for *Göteborgs-Posten* compared Nielsen to  Carola Häggkvist and Sissel Kyrkjebø. During the following years Nielsen released the Christmas album *Min önskejul* in 1997 and the music single "Time to Say Goodbye" in 1999. During her high school years, she studied the Estetichal programme and mostly music at Helenehoms Gymnastin in Malmö.

In December 2001 Nielsen participated in a Christmas tour along with Christer Sjögren, Sten Nilsson and Charlotte Perrelli. In 2002 she toured with Roger Pontare and in December the same year she participated in a Christmas concert with Kalle Moraeus and Tito Beltrán in both 2003 and 2004.

In February 2006, her second solo music album *Nära mej, nära dej* was released with lyrics and music by Fredrik Kempe and Marcos Ubeda. In July-August 2007 she was on a new music tour called *Sommar, Sommar, Sommar* along with Shirley Clamp and Sonja Aldén. In April 2008 the album *Stronger* was released, an album completely in English language, the first time Nielsen had such an album. The same year the album *Our Christmas* was released, containing Christmas songs along with Shirley Clamp and Sonja Aldén. In December 2013 Nielsen released her seventh studio album called *Min jul* with Christmas songs.

At the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 Nielsen did the commentary for Swedish television.

## Discography
### Albums
;Joint albums

### Singles
## References
## Other websites
*Official Website
Société Bic

**Société Bic**, better known as just **Bic**, is a Consumer goods company. Bic is known for their lighters, ballpoint pens, magnets, shaving razors, paper products, and watersports products. The company was created by Baron Marcel Bich in 1945. 

The first product that the company made was the Bic pen, known as the Bic Cristal. In 1958, the company went public through a reverse merger with the Waterman Pen Company in the United States and they later sold off the older operation.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Dollarama

neighbourhood of Toronto]]
**Dollarama** is a dollar store chain. The chain was created by Larry Rossy in 1992. The first Dollarama was opened at the shopping centre "Les promenades du St-Laurent" in Matane, Quebec in April, 1992. The discount retailer grew to 44 stores.

Many items are priced at $1.00 or less. In early 2009, Dollarama began to introduce items priced up to $2.00 (including $1.25 and $1.50 price points).Dollarama has always had a No Return and No Exchange Policy.

In November 2004, 80 percent of Dollarama was sold to a private equity fund, Bain Capital, of Boston, Massachusetts for $850 million US.

## References
## Other websites
*
Joe McGinniss

**Joe McGinniss, Sr.** (December 9, 1942 – March 10, 2014) was an American author. He wrote many books about politician such as Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Sarah Palin, and Barack Obama.

McGinniss was born in New York City. He studied at College of the Holy Cross. McGinniss died in Worcester, Massachusetts from prostate cancer, aged 71.

## References
Bob Crow

**Robert Crow** (13 June 1961 – 11 March 2014) was a British trade union leader. He served as the General Secretary of the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) from 2002 until his death. The union was previously headed by Jimmy Knapp, until his death in 2001. Crow helped make the RMT one of Britain's fastest growing trade unions.

Crow died in Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, England after suffering an aneurysm and heart attack, aged 52.

## References
## Other websites
* BBC profile
* Bob Crow: You Ask The Questions *The Independent*, 29 June 2009
* "Rail union leader praises communist 'workers' champion'"
Pocky

**Pocky** is a Japanese snack food. They are chocolate-coated biscuit sticks. They are made by Ezaki Glico and were first sold in 1966. They can be found in flavors such as chocolate, strawberry, almond and others. They are sold in Europe under the name **Mikado**.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Bell UH-1Y Venom

The **Bell UH-1Y Venom** is a US military helicopter. It's a twin-turboshaft variant of the UH-1 Iroquois. It's used only by US Marines squadrons. It's used for troops transport and light attack.

## Bibliography 
* 
*
Blacklist

**Blacklist**, **blacklisting** or **blacklisted** may refer to:

*Blacklisting, a list of entities who are being denied something
*Hollywood blacklist, denying work to people in entertainment based on their political beliefs (mid-20th century)
*Blacklist (computing)
*Operation Blacklist, the codename for the occupation of Japan by the Allied Powers at the end of World War II
Sérgio Guerra

**Severino Sérgio Estelita Guerra** (9 November 1947 &ndash; 6 March 2014) was a Brazilian economist and politician. His last political positions in public life were as the national president of the PSDB federal. He served as deputy senator for Pernambuco.

Guerra died on 6 March 2014 from lung cancer in São Paulo, Brazil, aged 66.

## References
Andrzej Wajda

**Andrzej Witold Wajda** (6 March 1926 &ndash; 9 October 2016) was a Polish movie director, movie producer, and screenwriter. He is known for his works in *A Generation*, *Kanał*, *Ashes and Diamonds*, *Man of Iron*, *The Promised Land*, *The Maids of Wilko*, and in *Katyń*. He won an Honorary Academy Award in 2000. 

Wajda was born in Suwałki, Poland. He studied at the Łódź Film School. Wajda was married four times, first three ended in divorce. He had a daughter.

Wajda died of respiratory failure on 9 October 2016 at a hospital in Warsaw, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Beata Tyszkiewicz

**Beata Maria Helena Tyszkiewicz** (born 14 August 1938) is a Polish actress. She was known for her roles in  *The Doll* and in *The Ashes*. She is also known for being the third wife of famous Polish director Andrzej Wajda.

Tysziewicz was born in Wilanów, Poland.

## References
## Other websites
*
Krystyna Zachwatowicz

**Krystyna Zachwatowicz-Wajda** (born **Krystyna Zachwatowicz** on 16 May 1930) is a Polish scenographer, costume designer and actress. She is a member of the Polish Film Academy. She is married to Academy Award-nominated director Andrzej Wajda.

Zachwatowicz was born in Warsaw. Her parents were Jan Zachwatowicz and Maria Chodźko. She studied at Jagiellonian University in Krakow.

## References
## Other websites
Cynthia Lynn

**Cynthia Lynn** (born **Zinta Valda Zimilis**; April 2, 1937 &ndash; March 10, 2014) was a Latvian-American actress. She was best known for her role as Fraulein Helga in ''Hogan's Heroes'' during the first season (1965&ndash;66). She was born in Riga, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union.

Lynn died from multiple organ failure as a result of hepatitis on March 10, 2014. She was 76. She was outlived by her daughter, Lisa Brando, whose father was Marlon Brando.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Cynthia Lynn at AllMovie
Robert Clary

**Robert Clary** (born **Robert Max Widerman**; March 1, 1926 &ndash; November 16, 2022) was a French-American actor, writer and lecturer. He is best known for his role as Corporal LeBeau ("Frenchie") in the television sitcom ''Hogan's Heroes''. He was the last surviving main cast member since the death of Cynthia Lynn in March 2014.

Clary was born in Paris. He was Jewish. He survived the Buchenwald concentration camp in Weimar, Germany during the Holocaust of World War II.

Clary died at his Los Angeles home on November 16, 2022, at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Robert Clary at TCM Movie Database
Józef Czapski

**Józef Czapski** (April 3, 1896 – January 12, 1993) was a Polish artist, author, and critic. He was an officer of the Polish Army during World War II.

Czapski was known for many things. As a painter, he is known for his work in the Kapist movement. He is mostly known for being the founder of Kultura monthly. It is one of the most important monthly journals in Poland during the 20th century.

Czapski was born in Prague. He studied at the University of Saint Petersburg. Czapski died on January 12, 1993 in Warsaw from natural causes, aged 96.

## Further reading
*  

## References
## Other websites
Hans Gericke

**Hans Gericke** (27 July 1912 &ndash; 15 February 2014) was a German architect and urban planner. From 1953 to 1958, he was the deputy director of the Institutes für Theorie und Geschichte der Baukunst for the Deutschen Bauakademie. In 1965, he became the chief architect of East Berlin, East Germany (now Berlin, Germany). For his work, he was awarded by many different organisations. He was born in Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, German Empire.

Gericke died on 15 February 2014. He was 101 years old.

## References
Everyday Sexism Project

**The Everyday Sexism Project** is a website started by feminist writer Laura Bates. Bates started the project after she was sexually harassed on public transport in London. On April 10, 2014, a book about the project called *Everyday Sexism* will be published.

## References
## Other websites
*The Everyday Sexism Project
MØ

**Karen Marie Aagaard Ørsted Andersen ** (born in Odense, Denmark in August 13, 1988), better known as Mø, is a Danish singer and pianist. 

She released her first single "Maiden" in 2012. On March 10, 2014, her first album *No Mythologies to Follow* was released.

## References
Elizabeth Bishop

**Elizabeth Bishop** (February 8, 1911 – October 6, 1979) was an American poet. She was the Poet Laureate of the United States from 1949 to 1950. Bishop was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. In 1946 her first book of poetry was published. Bishop was a lesbian.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Terence V. Powderly

**Terence Vincent Powderly** (22 January 1849–24 June 1924) was an Irish-American politician and labor union leader. He was the first three-term mayor of Scranton, Pennsylvania. He had several top government jobs. He is best known as the leader of the Knights of Labor in the late 1880s. 

## Career 
Terence V. Powderly was born in Carbondale, Pennsylvania on 22 January 1849. His parents, Terence Powderly and Madge Walsh, were Irish immigrants. He was dismissed as Commissioner General in 1902 by President Theodore Roosevelt. Next he became Commissioner of Conciliation for the United States Department of Labor (1921–1924).

## Legacy 
Powderly died in Washington, DC on 24 June 1924. The actions and accomplishments of Terence V. Powderly have been reevaluated in the last twenty years.

## Related pages 
* Knights of Labor
* AFL-CIO
* Teamsters

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
*1999 Hall of Honor Inductee
The Slits

**The Slits** were a British punk band. The band was started in 1976. The members were Ari Up, Kate Korus, Suzy Gutsy, and Palmolive. In 1979 the band's first album *Cut*  was released on Island Records in the UK. The band's second album was released in 1980. In 1982 the band broke up. The band got back together in 2005. It broke up again in 2010 when Ari Up died of cancer.
Petrolacosaurus

***Petrolacosaurus*** was a small,  long animal, the earliest diapsid known. It lived during the later Carboniferous period. The strata where it was found in Kansas are of  Pennsylvanian age, approximately 302 million years old. 

Its diet was probably small insects. *Petrolacosaurus* had distinctive canine-like secondary-sized teeth, a trait found mainly in therapsids, and later in mammals. Its fossils were found in Kansas, USA.

*Petrolacosaurus* was too derived to be the ancestor of all modern forms. In fact, it was already a diapsid, with two openings on each side of its skull to add attachment points for jaw muscles. Hence, it cannot have been the ancestor of any synapsids, which have only one such opening. Synapsids diverged from the common amniote tree before the diapsids did.

BBC Television in *Walking with Dinosaurs* made the mistake of talking about it as an ancestor of both reptiles and mammals.

## References
Feeder Airlines

**Feeder Airlines** is an airline based in Juba, South Sudan. It operates from Juba International Airport. It started operations on 2 June 2007. It operates scheduled and charter service.

## Overview
Feeder Airlines is mostly owned by South Sudanese people. It serves major airports in South Sudan. It uses Juba International Airport as its hub. In March 2010, the airline started daily flights between Juba and Entebbe.

## Destinations
Following is a list of places that Feeder Airlines flies to, as of March 2014. 

## Fleet
As of 26 March 2012, Feeder Airlines has the following aircraft. The average age of the aircraft is 21.4 years:

### Retired aircraft
## References
Century Series

**Century Series** is the nickname of a group of fighter aircraft built in USA for the Cold War. It was all aircraft with number 100 in the code.

* North American F-100 Super Sabre.
* McDonnell F-101 Voodoo.
* Convair F-102 Delta Dagger.
* Lockheed F-104 Starfighter.
* Republic F-105 Thunderchief.
* Convair F-106 Delta Dart.
* North American YF-107 Ultra Sabre.

## Bibliography
*
Ripple (payment protocol)

**Ripple** is a communication protocol for sending money through the internet. It was developed by Ripple Labs, Inc which is an American Financial technology company. The company wants to take on the established financial industry with their X-rapid blockchain protocol with the XRP  settlement token.

## References
## Other websites
*Ripple Client - An Introduction
*Ripple primer
Bedtime for Democracy

***Bedtime for Democracy*** is the fourth studio album by American hardcore punk band, Dead Kennedys. *Bedtime for Democracy* was released in November 1986.

The name of the album is a reference to the 1951 comedy film, Bedtime for Bonzo which starred Ronald Reagan. The name of the album may also reflect the band's bitterness from the aftermath of the both financially and emotionally draining trial that they were being subjected to at the time because of the controversial poster that was included with their previous album, *Frankenchrist*. When the band started recording *Bedtime for Democracy*, they had already played what would be their last live concert in February of 1986 in the San Francisco Bay Area with lead singer Jello Biafra and they announced the band's breakup immediately after the record's release. Allmusic rated the album 3 out of 5 stars.

## Songs
## References
Frankenchrist

***Frankenchrist*** is the third studio album by American hardcore punk band, Dead Kennedys. *Frankenchrist* was released in October 1985.

The album caused controversy because of a poster that was inserted in the original record sleeve. The poster called *Landscape #XX*, or Penis Landscape H. R. Giger, was a painting that showed rows of penises and vulvae. Lead singer Jello Biafra's record label Alternative Tentacles was almost driven to bankruptcy and Biafra was brought to trial for distributing harmful matter to minors but was not convicted. Allmusic rated the album 3.5 out of 5 stars.

## Songs
## References
Hipparcos

**Hipparcos** is a satellite that was used to make the Hipparcos catalog of 118,000 stars with unprecedented precision. The European Space Agency (ESA) launched it in 1989 and it operated until 1993. It was named for the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus and is also an acronym for **HIgh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite.**

## References
Plastic Surgery Disasters

***Plastic Surgery Disasters*** is the second studio album by American hardcore punk band, Dead Kennedys. *Plastic Surgery Disasters* was released in November 1982.

The album was reissued with their last EP *In God We Trust, Inc.* which are the last eight songs on the CD. The cover photo of the album is a picture called "Hands" by photographer Michael Wells. Allmusic rated the album 4.5 out of 5 stars.

## Songs
## References
Hylonomus

***Hylonomus*** is an extinct stem tetrapod which lived 312 million years ago (mya) during the Pennsylvanian.
The lack of skull openings behind the eyes makes it difficult to decide whether or not it is a sauropsid. *Westlothiana* is older, but may have been an amphibian, and *Casineria* is rather fragmentary. 

*Hylonomus* was  long (including the tail) and probably would have looked rather similar to modern lizards. It had small sharp teeth and likely ate small invertebrates such as millipedes or early insects.

Fossils of *Hylonomus* have been found in the remains of fossilized club moss stumps in Joggins Fossil Cliffs, Nova Scotia, Canada. The theory is that, after harsh weather, the club mosses would crash down. The stumps eventually hollow out. Small animals such as *Hylonomus*, seeking shelter, might enter and become trapped, starving to death. Fossils of the basal pelycosaur *Archaeothyris* and the basal diapsid *Petrolacosaurus* are also found in the same region of Nova Scotia, higher up, dated about 6 million years later.

## References
Věra Chytilová

**Věra Chytilová** (2 February 1929 – 12 March 2014) was an avant-garde Czech movie director. She was known for her works in *Daises*, ''Wolf's Hole*, *A Hoof Here, a Hoof There*, and *The Inheritance or Fuckoffguysgoodday''.

Chytilová was born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sheila MacRae

**Sheila Margaret MacRae** (née **Stephens**; 24 September 1921 &ndash; 6 March 2014) was an English actress, dancer, producer and singer. She was best known on television for her role as Alice Kramden in the 1960s version of *The Honeymooners*. She also appeared in movies such as *Pretty Baby* (1950), *Caged* (1950), *Backfire* (1950) and *Sex and the Single Girl* (1964). She was born in London.

MacRae died from natural causes on 6 March 2014. She was 92 years old. She was survived by her children two children with actor Gordon MacRae. She was predeceased by two other children with MacRae, one of which was the actress Meredith MacRae.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Jackie Gaughan

**John D. "Jackie" Gaughan, Sr.** (October 24, 1920 – March 12, 2014) was an American casino owner and gambler. Gaughan owned a casino in Las Vegas. It was El Cortez. Gaughan at one time owned more than 25 percent of the real estate in Downtown Las Vegas.

Gaughan died in Las Vegas, Nevada. He was 93 years old.

## References
Henry J. Kaiser

**Henry John Kaiser** (May 9, 1882 – August 24, 1967) was an American industrialist. He started working when he was only 13 years old but in his lifetime founded over 100 companies. He became known as the father of modern American shipbuilding. Kaiser started the Kaiser Shipyard which built Liberty ships during World War II. After the war he started Kaiser Aluminum. Kaiser organized Kaiser Permanente health care for his workers and their families. He led Kaiser-Frazer followed by Kaiser Motors, automobile company known for the safety of their designs. Kaiser was involved in large construction projects such as civic centers and dams. He also invested in real estate. With his great wealth, he initiated the Kaiser Family Foundation, a non-profit, non-partisan, charitable organization.

## References
U.S. Department of Labor Hall of Honor

The United States Department of Labor **Hall of Honor** is in the Frances Perkins Building, 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC. It is a monument to honor Americans who have made a positive contribution to how people in the United States work and live. 

## Hall of Honor 
The people and groups who are honored have all improved working conditions, wages, and overall quality of life for American workers. The Hall of Honor (first called the Hall of Fame) was first planned during the John F. Kennedy administration in 1962.  The hall was actually started in 1988. The people to be given this honor are selected each year by a panel inside the Department of Labor. Each must have made a major contribution and the award is given posthumously (after they have died).

## Inductees 
Those who have been inducted into the Hall of Honor are:

* 1989 - Cyrus S. Ching
* 1989 - John R. Commons
* 1989 - Samuel Gompers
* 1989 - John L. Lewis
* 1989 - George Meany
* 1989 - James P. Mitchell
* 1989 - Frances Perkins
* 1989 - A. Philip Randolph

* 1990 - Eugene V. Debs
* 1990 - Henry J. Kaiser
* 1990 - Walter P. Reuther
* 1990 - Robert F. Wagner

* 1991 - Mary Anderson
* 1991 - Philip Murray

* 1992 - Sidney Hillman
* 1992 - Mother Jones

* 1993 - David Dubinsky

* 1994 - George W. Taylor

* 1995 - Arthur J. Goldberg

* 1996 - William Green
 
* 1997 - David A. Morse

* 1998 - Cesar Chavez

* 1999 - Terence V. Powderly

* 2000 - Joseph A. Beirne

* 2002 - 9/11 Rescue workers

* 2003 - Paul Hall
* 2003 - Milton Hershey
* 2003 - Steve Young

* 2004 - Harley-Davidson: William S. Harley; Arthur Davidson; Walter Davidson; and William A. Davidson

* 2005 - Robert Wood Johnson
* 2005 - Peter J. Brennan

* 2006 - Charles R. Walgreen
* 2006 - Alfred E. Smith

* 2007 - Adolphus Busch
* 2007 - William B. Wilson

* 2008 - John Willard Marriott
* 2008 - Leonard F. Woodcock

* 2010 - Justin Dart, Jr.
* 2019 - Helen Keller

* 2011 - The Workers of the Memphis Sanitation Strike

* 2012 - The Pioneers of the Farm Worker Movement
* 2012 - Rev. Addie Wyatt
* 2012 - Tony Mazzocchi
* 2012 - Mark Ayers
* 2012 - Dolores Huerta

* 2013 - Bayard Rustin
* 2013 - Esther Peterson

* 2014 - The Chinese Railroad Workers

* 2015 - Ted Kennedy
* 2016 - Frank Kameny
* 2017 - Ronald Reagan

## References 
## Other websites 
* U.S. Department of Labor Hall of Honor 
* AFSCME Sanitation Workers Honored at White House, Join ‘Labor Hall of Fame’ 
* Labor Department honors Harley
Ola L. Mize

**Ola Lee Mize** (August 28, 1931 &ndash; March 12, 2014) was a United States Army officer. He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Korean War. He was born in Marshall County, Alabama.

Mize died on March 12, 2014. He was 82 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*Sergeant Ola L. Mize at the Alabama Department of Archives and History
Karl Otto Götz

**Karl Otto Götz** (February 22, 1914 &ndash; August 19, 2017) was a German artist. He was best known for his many abstract paintings in the Informel, or art without form, style.

Götz was born in Aachen, Germany and died in Niederbreitbach.

## References
Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables

***Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables*** is the first studio album by American hardcore punk band, Dead Kennedys. *Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables* was released on September 2, 1980.

The album featured the singles "California Über Alles", "Holiday in Cambodia", "Kill the Poor", and "Too Drunk to Fuck". The album has been the best selling and mainly the most critically acclaimed album by the band. Allmusic rated the album 5 out of 5 stars.

## Accomplishments
**Spin (5/01, p.&nbsp;112) ranked the album #46 on their list of "50 Most Essential Punk Records".
**Q (5/02 SE, p.&nbsp;136) ranked the 4 out of 5 stars and included it in their "100 Best Punk Albums" list.
**Uncut (p.&nbsp;120) ranked it 4 out of 5 stars and said "Dead Kennedys could echo both the weirdness of Beefheart and the sort of spectral pop that came off Spector's production line. Still fresh. No rot."
**Alternative Press (11/00, p.&nbsp;144) included the album in their "10 Essential Political-Revolution Albums" and said "...Biafra takes on the monied classes and the government, and the songs become almost too intricate for punk. Massively influential."
**Magnet (p.&nbsp;90) said that "Dead Kennedys brought a horror-show vibe to punk that remains more unsettling than the Misfits' comic-book core and battier than My Chemical Romance's make-up."
**Kerrang! (p.&nbsp;52) called the album "[O]ne of the finest slabs of rant 'n' roll ever made."
**Mojo (p.&nbsp;114) rated the album 4 out of 5 stars and said "[T]he shrill, nervy majesty of FRUIT remains unblemished." They also ranked the album #9 in their "Top 50 Punk Albums" and said "Singer Jello Biafra's vitriolic, merciless verbal lambasting set to a musical backdrop of fervid punk." (3/03, p.&nbsp;76)

## Songs
## References
Republic of Crimea

The **Republic of Crimea** (Crimean Tatar: Къырым Джумхуриети, *Qırım Cumhuriyeti*; Russian: Республика Крым, *Respublika Krym*) is an unrecognised Russian federal subject officially part of Ukraine. It is the Crimean peninsula in the Black Sea. It is located southeast of Ukraine and west of southern Russia. Its capital is Simferopol. The parliament of Crimea declared independence in 2014 after the victory of Euromaidan and joined Russia.

## References
Krzysztof Zanussi

**Krzysztof Pius Zanussi**, (born 17 June 1939) is a Polish producer and movie director. He made over 100 Polish-language movies. His career has lasted for nearly 50 years.

Zanussi was born in Warsaw, Poland. He studied at the University of Warsaw.

## References
Witold Sobociński

**Witold Sobociński** (October 15, 1929 &ndash; November 19, 2018) was a Polish cinematographer, academic teacher as well as former jazz musician. He was known for his cinematography works in *The Adventures of Gerard*, *The Hourglass Sanatorium* and in *Frantic*.

Sobociński studied at the National Film School in Łódź. He was a member of Melomani, in which he played the drums.

Sobociński was born on October 15, 1929 in Łódź, Poland. He died on November 19, 2018 in Łódź at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.cinematographers.nl/PaginasDoPh/sobocinski.witold.htm 
* https://culture.pl/en/artist/witold-sobocinski
Wim Wenders

**Ernst Wilhelm "Wim" Wenders** (; born 14 August 1945) is a German movie director, playwright, author, and photographer. He is known for his works in *Wings of Desire, The State of Things*, *Paris, Texas*, *Faraway, So Close!*, and *The Million Dollar Hotel*.

Wenders was born on 14 August 1945 in Düsseldorf, Rhine Province, Germany.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
*