open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Purple frog

The **purple frog** (*Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis*) also called the mahabali frog,  is a frog species in the family Sooglossidae. It lives in the Western Ghats also some parts of kerala in India. Common names for this species are  **Indian purple frog**, **pignose frog** or **doughnut frog, Mahabali frog**. It was discovered by S.D. Biju and F. Bossyut in October 2003.  

This frog's body is shaped similarly to that of most frogs.  It is somewhat rounded. It has a small head and an unusual pointed snout. Adults are typically dark purple in color. Its cry sounds more like one from a chicken.

The frog spends most of the year underground.  It comes out only for about two weeks, during the monsoon.  This is to mate. 

Unlike many other digging species of frogs that feed above the ground, this species eats underground.  They feed mainly on termites using their tongue. 

The purple frog has one close relative, Bhupathy's purple frog, which also lives in the Western Ghats.

The purple frog starts off living their life at the base of land, but as they get older their bone structure morphs into a structure that becomes efficient for digging into dirt. This allows them to live a majority of their lives underground. Males will rarely come to the surface for mating purposes.The closest relatives of the **Purple Frog** (*Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis*) are **frogs from the Sooglossidae family**, which are **small frogs endemic to the Seychelles Islands**.

These frogs and the Purple Frog share a **common ancestor** dating back to the time of the **supercontinent Gondwana**, which split into different land masses about **120 million years ago**. The Purple Frog evolved in the Western Ghats of India, while the Sooglossidae frogs remained isolated in the Seychelles.

Both groups are part of an ancient lineage of frogs and are considered **relict species**—survivors of a very old evolutionary branch. They share some unique traits, including their burrowing lifestyles and adaptations to underground habitats.

## Other ideas
Scientists say that because the purple frog and Bhupathy's purple frog have close relatives in the Seychelles, which are close to Africa, it is likely that the Gondwanaland idea of why the continents are where they are is right.  This idea says that Africa and India used to be one large continent, called Gondwanaland.

## Why the unique name ? 
It is said that king mahabali rises from the ground once every year this day is celebrated as onam in kerala  just as the king rises once every year the purple frog rises from the earth for this unique resembelance it is mahabali frog for this reason.

## Extinction 
The **purple frog** (*Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis*) faces extinction as their habitat is threatened by agricultural expansion ( coffee, cardamom and etc) and the building of roads and other buildings in the region this is the main cause of extinction , their tadpoles are also eaten by locals. Their numbers are going down day by day let us spread awareness of this  weird, unique and cool looking frog.

## References
List of cities in French Polynesia

The following is a **list of cities in French Polynesia**:

By division:

* Marquesas Islands :
**Fatu Hiva
**Hiva Oa
**Nuku Hiva (chef-lieu)
**Tahuata
**Ua Huka
**Ua Pou

* Windward Islands (Society Islands) :
**Arue
**Faa‘a
**Hitia’a O Te Ra
**Mahina
**Moorea-Maiao
**Paea
**Papara
**Papeete (chef-lieu)
**Pirae
**Punaauia
**Taiarapu-Est
**Taiarapu-Ouest
**Teva I Uta

* Tuamotus-Gambier:
**Anaa
**Arutua
**Fakarava
**Fangatau
**Gambier
**Hao
**Hikueru
**Makemo
**Manihi
**Napuka
**Nukutavake
**Puka Puka
**Rangiroa
**Reao
**Takaroa
**Tatakoto
**Tureia

* Austral Islands
**Raivavae
**Rapa Iti
**Rimatara
**Rurutu
**Tubuai (chef-lieu)

* Leeward Islands (Society Islands)
**Bora-Bora
**Huahine
**Maupiti
**Tahaa
**Taputapuatea
**Tumaraa
**Uturoa (chef-lieu)

Sources : INSEE - Code officiel géographique 2005

## Largest Cities
Sources: http://www.polynesie-francaise.gouv.fr
List of settlements in Finland

This is a **list of towns in Finland**.

## Towns (founded)
]]
, Capital of Finland]]
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## References
List of settlements in Georgia (country)

]]
The following list of Georgian cities is divided into three separate lists.  There is one for Georgia itself, and the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. 

## Cities and towns in Georgia
This is a list of the cities and towns in Georgia.

## Cities and towns in Abkhazia
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Abkhazia. 

## Cities and towns in South Ossetia
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in South Ossetia. 

## References
* 
*
List of settlements in Ethiopia

, Capital of Ethiopia]]
]]
]]
]]
This is a **list of cities and towns in Ethiopia**:

## A 

* Adama (also called *Nazareth* or *Nazret*)
* Addis Ababa
* Addis Alem (also called Ejersa)
* Addis Zemen
* Adigrat
* Adwa
* Agaro
* Akaki
* Alaba (also called "Quliito" or Kulito)
* Alitena
* Amba Mariam
* Ambo
* Ankober
* Arba Minch
* Arboye
* Asaita
* Asella
* Asosa
* Awasa
* Awash
* Axum
* Alamata

## B

* Babille
* Baco
* Badme
* Bahir Dar
* Bati
* Bedele
* Beica
* Bichena
* Bonga
* Bishoftu

## C 

* Ciro
* Chencha

## D 

* Dabat
* Dangila
* Debark
* Debre Berhan
* Debre Marqos
* Debre Tabor
* Debre Werq
* Debre Zebit
* Dejen
* Dembidolo
* Dessie (or *Dese*)
* Dila
* Dire Dawa
* Dolo Bay
* Dolo Odo
* Durame

## F 

* Finicha'a
* Fiche
* Finote Selam
* Freweyni

## G 

* Gambela
* Gelemso
* Ghimbi
* Ginir
* Goba
* Gode
* Gondar
* Gongoma
* Gore
* Gorgora
* Guion

## H 

* Harar (or *Harer*)
* Hayq
* Holeta
* Hossana
* Humera

## I 

* Imi
* Irgalem

## J 

* Jijiga
* Jimma
* Jinka

## K 

* Kabri Dar
* Kebri Mangest
* Kombolcha
* Konso
* Kulubi
* Kake

## L 

* Lalibela
* Limmu Genet

## M 

* Maji
* Maychew
* Mek'ele
* Mendi
* Metemma
* Metu
* Mizan Teferi
* Mojo
* Mota
* Moyale

## N 

* Negash
* Negele Boran 
* Nekemte

## S 

* Shashamane
* Shire (or *Inda Selassie*)
* Shilavo
* Shonne
* Sodo, also known as Wolaita Sodo
* Sodore

## T 

* Tiya
* Tippi
* Tullu Milki
* Turmi

## W 

* Wacca
* Walwal
* Werder
* Wereta
* Woldia
* Wolaita Sodo, see Sodo
* Wolleka
* Wuchale

## Y 

* Yabelo
* Yeha

## Z 

* Ziway
Jody Watley

**Jody Vanessa Watley** (born 30 January 1959) is an American singer, dancer, songwriter and record producer. Her songs cross multiple genres. She was very popular in the late 1980s. She recorded and performed numerous songs related to dance-pop. She was born in Chicago and raised in Los Angeles.

Along with Janet Jackson and Madonna, she is one of MTV Video Music Awards most nominated female artists ever.  She had six nominations for her ‘Real Love’ video. 

Watley has sold over 50 million albums and singles Worldwide. 
In 2008, she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from *Billboard* magazine.

## Awards
### Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded each year by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.

|-
|rowspan="2"| 1988 || || Best New Artist || 
|-
| "Looking for a New Love" || Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female || 
|-

### American Music Awards
The American Music Awards is a yearly awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. 

|-
|rowspan="1"|  || "Looking for a New Love" || Favorite Single (Soul/R&B) || 
|-

### MTV Video Music Awards
The MTV Video Music Awards were started in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. 

|-
|rowspan="2"| 1988 
|rowspan="2"| "Some Kind of Lover" 
| Best Female Video 
|
|-
| Best New Artist in a Video 
|
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1989 
|rowspan="6"| "Real Love" 
| Best Female Video 
|
|-
| Best Dance Video
|
|-
| Breakthrough Video 
|
|-
| Best Direction in a Video
|
|-
| Best Art Direction in a Video 
|
|-
| Best Editing in a Video
|
|-

### Soul Train Music Awards
The Soul Train Music Awards is a yearly award show.  They honor the best in African American music and entertainment. 

|-
|rowspan="3"| 1988 
|rowspan="2"| "Looking for a New Love" 
| Best Music Video
| 
|-
| Best R&B/Soul Single, Female
| 
|-
| *Jody Watley* || Best R&B/Soul Album, Female 
| 
|-

### *Billboard* Music Awards
The *Billboard* Music Awards are sponsored by *Billboard* magazine.  They are to honor artists based on *Billboard* Year-End Charts. The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007. Before and after that time span, winners have been announced by *Billboard*, both in the press and as part of their year-end issue. The award returned in 2011.

|-
|rowspan="1"| 2008 || || Lifetime Achievement Award || 
|-
|}

## References
[Category:Singers from california]]
List of cities in Greece

The list below is of the municipalities of Greece with more than 10,000 people.  The data is from the 2001 census.      

]]
]]
]]
]]
]]
 ]]

]]
]]
]]
]]**Explanation of the superscript numbers**:

1 a suburb of the Athens Urban Area, in Athens’ agglomeration/conurbation
2 a suburb of the Thessaloniki Urban Area, in Thessaloniki’s agglomeration/conurbation
4 a suburb of Athens' Metropolitan Area
5 a suburb of Thessaloniki's Metropolitan Area
7 a municipal unit of the Heraklion Urban Area, in Heraklion's agglomeration/conurbation
6 a municipal unit of the Volos Urban Area, in Volos' agglomeration/conurbation
8 the core unit of Patras agglomeration/conurbation with population of 213,984
***** The settlement (CDP) of Athens is the central district of the Athens Urban Area.
***** The settlement (CDP) of Thessaloniki is the central district of the Thessaloniki Urban Area.

## References
Crash Bandicoot 2: N-Tranced

***Crash Bandicoot 2: N-Tranced***, released in Japan as  is a video game published by Universal Interactive Studios (Konami for Japan). It was developed by Vicarious Visions for the Game Boy Advance. It was released in North America on January 7, 2003, in Europe on March 14, 2003 and in Japan on December 4, 2003.

## References
## Other websites
**Crash Bandicoot 2: N-Tranced* at GameFAQs
List of cities in Honduras

.]]
, the capital of Honduras.]]
.]]
.]]

This a list of cities in Honduras. Population is based on the 2013 and 2023 (1-9) estimates.

## References
List of towns in Hong Kong

The following is a **list of cities, towns and new towns in Hong Kong**.

## Cities
## New towns in Hong Kong

**New towns****Location****Year started developing**
Tsuen Wan&nbsp; (Tsuen Wan, Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi)Tsuen Wan and Kwai Tsing&nbsp;&nbsp;1970s
Sha Tin &nbsp; (Sha Tin and Ma On Shan)Sha Tin&nbsp;1970s&nbsp;
Tuen MunTuen Mun1972
Tai PoTai Poearly 1980s
Yuen LongYuen Longearly 1980s
Fanling-Sheung ShuiNorthmid-1980s
Tseung Kwan OSai Kung1982
Tin Shui WaiYuen Long1987
North Lantau &nbsp; (Tung Chung and Tai Ho)Islands&nbsp;1997&nbsp;

## Towns In Hong Kong

**Towns****Location**
AberdeenSouthern
Cheung ChauIslands
Discovery BayIslands
Jardine's LookoutWan Chai
Kennedy TownCentral and Western
Kwun TongKwun Tong
Lei Yue MunKwun Tong
Ma WanIslands
Mui Wo (Silvermine Bay)Islands
Peng ChauIslands
Sai KungSai Kung
Sha Tau KokNorth
Shek OSouthern
Sok Kwu WanIslands
StanleySouthern
Tai OIslands
Yuen Long TownYuen Long
Yung Shue WanIslands
List of places in Guatemala

This is a **list of places in Guatemala**.

## List of most populous cities in Guatemala 
Population is based on the 2002 census.

, capital of Guatemala]]
]]
]]
]]
]]

]]
]]
]]

## Ancient cities and important ruins 
* Cancuen
* Dos Pilas
* El Baul
* Iximche
* Kaminaljuyu
* Machaquila
* El Mirador
* La Joyanca
* Mixco Viejo
* Naranjo 
* Nakbé
* Piedras Negras
* Quirigua
* Q'umarkaj
* Tikal

## Natural features 
* Caribbean Sea
* Pacific Ocean
* Volcán de Agua
* Volcán de Fuego

### Lakes
## References
Pope Anastasius I

**Pope Saint Anastasius I** (; died 401) was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 39th Pope from 399 until his death in 401.

## Early life
Anastasius was born in Rome,  but little is known about his early life.  His father's name was Maximus.

Before Anastasius became a priest, he fathered a son who later became Pope Innocent I.

## Pope
Anastasius was elected pope in 399.

He best known for being against the thinking and writings of Origen.  In 400 he called a council to discuss them. The council agreed that Origen was not faithful to the Catholic Church.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
 of the popes ]]

## Other websites
* 
* Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
Pope Anastasius II

**Pope Anastasius II** (; died 16 November 498) was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 50th Pope from 496 until his death in 498.

## Early life
Anastasius was born in Rome.

## Pope
Anastasius was elected pope on November 24, 496.  Anastasius died in 498 at the height of the crisis.

## Legacy
In the *Divine Comedy*, Dante placed this pope in Hell.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
 of the popes ]]

## Other websites
* 
* Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
*Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Anastasius II
List of cities in Guinea-Bissau

, Capital of Guinea-Bissau]]
This is a **list of cities in Guinea-Bissau**.  All places with a population of over 5,000 are included.

## Other settlements
*Boe
*Tombali
Anastasius

**Anastasius** is a male given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ an-*uh*-**stey**-sh*uh*s, -shee-*uh*s ]. It is from the Greek ''* (*anastasis*) meaning "resurrection". Its female form is Anastasia. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## Proper name
### Byzantine emperors
*Anastasius I (emperor) – Byzantine emperor 491–518
*Anastasios II (died 718) – Byzantine emperor 713–715

### Popes
*Pope Anastasius I – Pope 399–401
*Pope Anastasius II – Pope 496–498
*Pope Anastasius III – Pope 911–913
*Pope Anastasius IV – Pope 1153 to 1154

### Other Christian saints and clergy
*Saint Anastasius – a martyr under Nero
*Saint Anastasius the Fuller – martyr (d. 304)
*Anastasius of Antioch (disambiguation), multiple people
*Saint Anastasius of Persia – Persian martyr (d. 628)
*Saint Anastasius of Pavia– bishop of Pavia (d. 628)
*Anastasius of Armenia – Catholicos of Armenia from 661 to 667
*Saint Anastasius Sinaita (of Sinai) – theologian, Father of the Eastern Orthodox Church, monk, priest, and abbot of the monastery at Mt. Sinai (7th century)
*Anastasius Bibliothecarius (c. 810–878) – librarian of the Church of Rome, scholar and statesman, sometimes identified as an Antipope
*Astrik or Saint Anastasius of Pannonhalma – ambassador of Stephen I of Hungary (d. 1030)
*Anastasius of Hungary (954-1044), Apostle to Hungary
*Saint Anastasius of Lleida
*St. Anastasius Cornicularius
*Anastasius of Suppentonia – abbot (died 570)
*Pope Anastasius of Alexandria – Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria 605–616
*Patriarch Anastasius of Constantinople (I) – Patriarch of Constantinople 730–754
*Anastasius Germonius – Archbishop of Tarantaise and canon lawyer (1551–1627)

### Anastasio
* Anastasio Somoza García, Nicaraguan dictator (ruled 1936–1956)
* Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1925–1980), Nicaraguan dictator (ruled 1967–1979)
* Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero (born 1951), son of Somoza Debayle

### Pseudonym
* Anton Alexander Graf von Auersperg (1806–1876) – Austrian poet who wrote under the pseudonym of **Anastasius Grün**.

## Other
* *Anastasius'', a novel by Thomas Hope in the early 19th century.

## References
Crash: Mind over Mutant

***Crash: Mind over Mutant*** is a video game. It was published by Sierra Entertainment and Activision. It was developed by Radical Entertainment for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Wii and Xbox 360. The Nintendo DS version of the game was developed by TOSE. It was released in North America on October 7, 2008 and was later released in Europe and Australia on October 31. It is the second game in the series not to have a Japanese release, after *Crash of the Titans*.

*Crash: Mind over Mutant* is the fifteenth *Crash Bandicoot* video game. It is the sequel to *Crash of the Titans*. The game's story is about the arrival of a popular technological-device. It has the power to put anyone under the control of Doctor Neo Cortex, the main antagonist of the game. Crash Bandicoot must free his friends with the help of Aku Aku, both are the protagonist of the game. 

The game was given a mixed review from video game critics. The Wii and PlayStation 2 versions were given a more positive review. The Xbox 360 version was given an "ok" review. Much of the positive reviews were about the game's humorous (funny) cut scenes. The Nintendo DS version was given negative reviews because of its  and bad gameplay.

## References 
## Other websites 
**Crash: Mind over Mutant* official website
List of cities in Grenada

]]

This is a list of cities and towns in Grenada.
* Amber Belair
* Bacolet
* Barique
* Bathway
* Beaton
* Becke Moui
* Belmont
* Bogles
* Bois de Gannes
* Bonaire
* Calivigny
* Chantimelle
* Chutz
* Clabony
* Crochu
* Deblando
* Duquesne
* Diego Piece
* Dunfermline
* Elie Hall
* Fond
* Gouyave
* Grand Bras
* Grand Roy
* Grenville
* Hillsborough
* Ka-fe Beau
* La Borie
* La Fortune
* La Filette
* La Mode
* La Mode
* L'Anse Aux Epines
* La Tante
* La Taste
* Mamma Cannes
* Marquis
* Maulti
* Morne Docteur
* Morne Fendue
* Morne Jaloux
* Morne Jaloux Ridge
* Morne Longue
* Morne Rouge
* Morne Tranquille
* Mount Alexander
* Mount Craven
* Mount Qua Qua
* Mount Rich
* Mount Rodney
* Mount Rose
* Mount Saint Catherine
* Paradise
* Prospect
* Resource
* Rose Hill
* River Sallee
* River Sallee
* St. George's
* Sauteurs
* St. David's
* Telescope
* Tivoli
* Union Village
* Union
* Upper Capitol
* Upper Conference
* Upper La Tante
* Upper La Taste
* Upper Pearls
* Victoria
* Waltham
* Willis
Pope Anastasius III

**Pope Anastasius III** (; died June 913) was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 121st Pope from 911 until his death in 913.

## Early life
Anastasius was born in Rome.

## Pope
Anastasius was elected pope in 911.  He was pope during a period when Rome and the Papacy were in the power of the Theophylact family.

He was active in developing the dioceses of Germany.

He was buried in St. Peter's Basilica.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
 of the popes ]]

## Other websites
*
Pope Anastasius

**Pope Anastasius** may mean:
*Pope Anastasius I (399–401), also called Saint Anastasius
*Pope Anastasius II (496–498)
*Pope Anastasius III (911–913)
*Pope Anastasius IV (1153–1154)
*Antipope Anastasius
Jerry Nelson

**Jerry L. Nelson** (July 10, 1934 &ndash; August 23, 2012) was an American puppeteer. He was best known for his work with *The Muppets*. He was known for his wide range of characters and singing abilities. He performed Muppet characters on *Sesame Street*, *The Muppet Show*, *Fraggle Rock*, and various Muppet movies and specials. 

Nelson was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He worked as a puppeteer from 1965 until 2011. He died on August 23, 2012 from complications of prostate cancer in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Nelson also suffered emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He was 78 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Pope Anastasius IV

**Pope Anastasius IV** (; c.1073&ndash;3 December 1154), born **Corrado di Suburra**, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the 169th Pope from 1153 until his death in 1154.
 
## Early life
Corrado di Suburra was born in Rome.  He was the son of Benedetto di Suburra. 
## Cardinal
In 1127, della Suburra was made cardinal-bishop of Sabina.  He is known for helping to settle a controversy between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Bishop of Magdeburg in Germany.

The Pantheon in Rome was restored while he was pope.

The pope died on 3 December 1154.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
 of the popes ]]

## Other websites
* 
* Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Corrado di Suburra
James Cromwell

**James Oliver Cromwell** (born January 27, 1940) is an American movie and television actor. He is mostly known for his roles in *Babe*, for which he earned a nomination for an Academy Award of Best Supporting Actor, *Babe: Pig in the City*, *Star Trek: First Contact*, *L.A. Confidential*, *The Green Mile*, *Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron*, *The Sum of All Fears*, *The Queen*, *The Artist*, *Big Hero 6*, and *Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom*. Cromwell is also known for his television role in *Six Feet Under* that ran from 2003 until 2005, and *Sugar*. He has been nominated for an Academy Award, three Emmy Awards, and four Screen Actors Guild Awards during his 39-year career.

Cromwell is also known for his height which is 6&nbsp;ft and 7 in., this makes Cromwell the tallest actor to receive an Academy Award nomination. Cromwell won his first Emmy Award in 2013.

Cromwell was born on January 27, 1940 in Los Angeles, California to Kay Johnson and John Cromwell. He was raised in Manhattan, New York. Cromwell was educated at Middlebury College and at Carnegie Mellon University.

Cromwell was married to Anne Ulvestad from 1976 until they divorced in 1986, they had three children. Lastly he married Julie Cobb from 1986 until they divorced in 2005. He currently lives in Studio City, Los Angeles, California.

He supported the presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Ralph McQuarrie

**Ralph Angus McQuarrie** (June 13, 1929 – March 3, 2012) was an American costume designer and illustrator. He designed the original *Star Wars* trilogy, the original *Battlestar Galactica* TV series, *E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial* and *Cocoon*, for which he won an Academy Award. 

McQuarrie was born on June 13, 1929 in Gary, Indiana, a suburb close to Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in Billings, Montana. He was educated at the Art Center School. McQuarrie was married to Joan Benjamin from 1983 until his death in 2012. McQuarrie died on March 3, 2012 in Berkeley, California from Parkinson's disease, he was 82 years old.

## Movies
* *Star Wars* (1977)
* *Close Encounters of the Third Kind* (1977) 
* *Battlestar Galactica* (1978) 
* *The Star Wars Holiday Special* (1978)
* *The Empire Strikes Back* (1980) 
* *Raiders of the Lost Ark* (1981) 
* *E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial* (1982) 
* *Return of the Jedi* (1983) 
* *Cocoon* (1985) 
* *Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home* (1986) 
* **batteries not included* (1987) 
* *Back to the Future: The Ride* (1991) 

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*The Art of Ralph McQuarrie 
*Ralph McQuarrie Concept Sketches and Concept Paintings for Battlestar Galactica (1978)
*General McQuarrie action figure at Rebelscum.com
*McQuarrie Signature Series Concept "Starkiller" Hero (female) action figure
*Ralph McQuarrie obituary: Conceptual artist who brought Star Wars to life (Guardian article)
WWE 2K

***WWE 2K*** series is a series of video games that are developed by Yuke's and Visual Concepts and are published by 2K Sports. The video games are based on the professional wrestling company WWE.

The series was first known as *WWF/WWE SmackDown!* from 2000 to 2004 and then was changed to *WWE SmackDown vs. Raw* in 2004. The title was changed to simply *WWE* in 2011 with the release of WWE '12. The *WWE* title  was used for WWE '12 and WWE '13 and was changed to *WWE 2K* when Take Two Interactive acquired the publishing rights for the series from THQ. In Japan, the series was known as *Exciting Pro Wrestling* until 2005. The series has gained positive reviews over the years and is one of the best-selling video game franchises. 

The series was published by THQ from 2000 to 2013 before THQ filed for bankruptcy on December 19, 2012. THQ's assets were auctioned off and the WWE video game's publishing rights were acquired by Take Two Interactive (Parent company of 2K Games).

## Games 
* *WWF SmackDown!* (PS) (2000)
* *WWF SmackDown! 2: Know Your Role* (PS) (2000)
* *WWF SmackDown! Just Bring It* (PS2) (2001)
* *WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth* (PS2) (2002)
* *WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain* (PS2) (2003)
* *WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw* (PS2) (2004)
* *WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw 2006* (PS2, PSP) (2005)
* *WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007* (PS2, PSP, Xbox 360) (2006)
* *WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2008* (PS2, PS3, Wii, Xbox 360, Mobile, NDS) (2007)
* *WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009* (PS2, PS3, PSP, Wii, Xbox 360, Mobile, NDS) (2008)
* *WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2010* (PS2, PS3, PSP, Wii, Xbox 360, Mobile, NDS) (2009)
* *WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2011* (PlayStation 2, PS3, PSP, Wii, Xbox 360) (2010)
* ''WWE '12* (PS3, Wii, Xbox 360) (2011)
* *WWE '13* (PS3, Wii, Xbox 360) (2012)
* *WWE 2K14* (PS3, Xbox 360) (2013)
* *WWE 2K15* (PS3, PS4, Xbox 360, Xbox One) (2014)
* *WWE 2K16* (PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2015)
* *WWE 2K17* (PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2016)
* *WWE 2K18* (PS4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2017)
* *WWE 2K19*
* *WWE 2K20* (PS4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2019)
* *WWE 2K Battlegrounds* (Windows, Nintendo Switch, PS4, Xbox One, Google Stadia)
* *WWE 2K22* (PS4, PS5, Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S)  (2022)
* *WWE 2K23* (PS4, PS5, Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S) (2023)
* *WWE 2K24'' (PS4, PS5, Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S) (2024)

## References
Bernard Lovell

**Sir Alfred Charles Bernard Lovell**  (31 August 19136 August 2012) was an English physicist and radio astronomer. He was the first Director of Jodrell Bank Observatory, from 1945 to 1980. Lovell is mostly known for his works in astronomy. Lovell was knighted in 1961, later becoming "Sir". 

## Early Life
Lovell was born on August 31, 1913 in Oldland Common, Bristol, England to Gilbert and to Luara Lovell. Lovell was educated at King's Oak Academy. Lovell was never married and had no children. 

### Death
Lovell died on August 6, 2012 in Swettenham, Cheshire, England from natural causes, he was just 25 days short from his 99th birthday, he was 98 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Bernard Lovell telling his life story at Web of Stories
Superman Returns

***Superman Returns*** is a 2006 superhero movie. It is based on the DC Comics superhero Superman and his archenemy Lex Luthor. The movie was directed by Bryan Singer. It was produced by Bryan Singer, Gilbert Adler, and Jon Peters.

The movie stars include Brandon Routh, Kevin Spacey, Kate Bosworth, James Marsden, Parker Posey, Frank Langella, Sam Huntington, Eva Marie Saint, Kal Penn, and James Karen (deleted scenes).

It also includes a computer-generated image scene of Marlon Brando, who died in 2004. *Superman Returns* was released on June 28, 2006. The movie used John Williams' original score from the original movie.
Frank Langella

**Frank A. Langella, Jr.** (born January 1, 1938) is an American stage and movie actor. He won a Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Play for his role as Richard Nixon in the play *Frost/Nixon* (2006), and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for the same role in the 2008 movie adaptation. He often plays villains and unsympathetic characters, but he has also played sympathetic characters. 

Langella is also known for his other movie appearances, including *Dave*, *Superman Returns*, *Masters of the Universe*, *The Caller*, *The Beast*, *House of D*, *The Box*, *Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps*, *Unknown* and *Robot & Frank*. 

Langella was born in Bayonne, New Jersey. He attended Syracuse University. He married Ruth Weil from 1977 to 1996. They have two children, Frank III and Sarah. He was partners with Whoopi Goldberg from 1996 to 2001.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Tuesday Weld

**Tuesday Weld** (born August 27 1943) is an American movie and television actress.  She began her acting career as a child. She has acted in many television programs and movies. 

Weld was born **Susan Ker Weld** in New York City. After her father died, her mother put her to work as a child model.  Weld's first acting job was on television at age 12.  She was in a movie the same year with a small role in the 1956 Alfred Hitchcock crime drama, *The Wrong Man*. The pressures of her career, however, resulted in a nervous breakdown at age nine, alcoholism by age 12, and a suicide attempt around the same time.

Weld's mother did not like her teenage daughter's affairs with older men, such as actor John Ireland.  In 1961, she had an off-screen romance with Elvis Presley, her costar in *Wild in the Country*.

## Personal life
Weld has been married three times. 

She was married to screenwriter Claude Harz, from 1965 until their divorce in 1971. They had a daughter, Natasha, in 1966. 

She married British actor, musician, and comedian Dudley Moore in 1975. In 1976 they had a son, Patrick.  He is now an actor, director, and editor. They divorced in 1980. In 1985 she married Israeli concert violinist and conductor Pinchas Zukerman. They divorced in 1998.

## Filmography
## References
Cindy Williams

**Cynthia Jane "Cindy" Williams** (August 22, 1947 &ndash; January 25, 2023) was an American movie and television actress.  She starred in many television series and movies. She is best known for starring in the television sitcom *Laverne & Shirley* (1976 to 1982) and playing Laurie in the 1973 movie *American Graffiti*. 

After a brief illness, Williams died in Los Angeles on January 25, 2023, at the age of 75.

## Filmography
**Gas-s-s-s* (1971)
**Drive, He Said* (1971)
**Beware! The Blob* (1972)
**Travels with My Aunt* (1972)
**The Killing Kind* (1973)
**American Graffiti* (1973)
**The Conversation* (1974)
**Mr. Ricco* (1975)
**The First Nudie Musical* (1976)
**More American Graffiti* (1979)
**Sois belle et tais-toi* (1981) (documentary)
*''The Creature Wasn't Nice* (1983)
**UFOria* (1985)
**Big Man on Campus* (1989)
**Rude Awakening* (1989)
**Bingo* (1991)
**Meet Wally Sparks* (1997)
**The Biggest Fan* (2002)
**The Legend of William Tell* (2006)
**The Last Guy on Earth* (2007)

## Television work
**The Funny Side* (1971) (cancelled after 3 months)
**The Migrants* (1974)
**Hawaii Five-O* January 1974, season 6, #18. Secret Witness.
**Laverne & Shirley* (cast member from 1976–1982)
**Laverne & Shirley in the Army* (1981–1982) (voice)
**The Mork & Mindy/Laverne & Shirley/Fonz Hour* (1982–1983) (voice)
**When Dreams Come True* (1985)
**Help Wanted: Kids* (1986)
**The Leftovers* (1986)
**Save the Dog!* (1988)
**Tricks of the Trade* (1988)
**Just Like Family* (1989) (cancelled after a few weeks)
**Perry Mason: The Case of the Poisoned Pen* (1990)
**Normal Life* (1990) (cancelled after 13 episodes)
**Steel Magnolias* (1990) (unsold pilot)
**Menu for Murder* (1990)
**Earth Angel* (1991)
**Getting By* (1993–1994)
**Escape from Terror: The Teresa Stamper Story* (1994)
**The Stepford Husbands* (1996)
**Strip Mall* (2000–2001)
**Laverne & Shirley Together Again* (2002)
**Law and Order:Special Victim's Unit* (2004) as Nora Hodges
**Drive'' (2007)

## References
Takahiko Sumida

is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

## Club team career statistics
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Oita Trinita||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2010||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||5||0||||||5||0
|-
|2011||rowspan="2"|Gainare Tottori||7||0||1||0|||8||0
|-
|2012||||||||||||
||||||||||
||||||||||
|}

## References
## Other websites
* Takahiko Sumida at Guardian.co.uk
Russell Scott

**Russell Scott** (June 30, 1921 - August 27, 2012), also known as **Blinky the Clown**, was an American clown, stage, and entertainer who starred in a Denver, Colorado television program called ''Blinky's Fun Club'' from 1958 until the show was cancelled in 1998. Scott was also a stage actor and performed in the South Broadway theatre in Denver, Colorado.

Scott was born in Enid, Oklahoma on June 30, 1921. Scott was never married and had no children. Scott died on August 27, 2012 in a hospital in Morrison, Colorado from complications of pneumonia, he was 91 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ba'ath Party

The '''Ba'ath Party''' is a political party started in Syria in 1947. The word Ba’ath is an Arabic word which means ‘resurrection and renaissance’. The name refers to the main intention of the party which is ‘Arab unity and freedom from non-Arab control and domination’.  Baʿthism calls for the Arab world to be a single state.

The Ba’ath Party was set up by Michel Aflaq (1910-1989) a Christian and Salah al-Din al-Bitar (1912-1980) a Sunni Muslim. Their political vision was a mixture of Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, and anti-imperialism.  By 1945, the Baathists decided to register their party to become an official party, but their application was rejected by  the French mandate which administered Syria.  The theme ‘unity’ became an inspiration for  Lebanon, Jordan and other Arab countries in 1948-1951. The connection for Arab nationalism became attractive and popular and Baatism spread out all over the Arab region. The Arab Baʿth Party merged with the Arab Socialist Movement, led by Akram al-Hawrani, in 1952 to form the Arab Socialist Baʿth Party. This was a relative success. It became the second-largest party in the Syrian parliament in the 1954 election. This and the increasing strength of the Syrian Communist Party led to the establishment of the United Arab Republic, a union of Egypt and Syria, in 1958.

After the attack of 1956 in Egypt by Britain, France and Israel, Iraqis realized how cruel these invaders are and that they no longer can’t stay on the side of the British. This bitter awareness was a seed to the Iraqi revolution by the youngsters. Hafaz al-Assad (1930-2000) was the ruler of the Ba’ath Party in Syria and Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) was the ruler of the Ba’ath Party in Iraq. The Ba’ath Party was active in Syria and Iraq after military coups in 1963. 

The Ba’ath party wanted to create unity among Arabs.  The ideology of socialism for the Ba’ath Party was social justice for the poor and underprivileged. The slogan was: ‘Unity, Freedom, Socialism’ and ‘One Arab Nation with an Immortal Mission’. The Ba’ath Party was the first Arab political party with pan-Arabist goals. Pan-Arabism is a theory that Arab people and nations should be united, or a movement to achieve such unity. The main goals of Pan-Arabism are that every Arab seeks independence from imperialism and thus creates unity within the Arab community. Since there were common problems related to Western imperialism, the Arabs could come to a compromise to work on this. 

## References 
## Related pages 
* Ba'athism
* Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)

## Other websites 
*http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/austindependence/aflaq.html
*http://www.countriesquest.com/middle_east/syria/history/baath_party_rule.htm
Takuya Marutani

is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

## Career statistics
*Updated to 25 February 2019*.

## References
Yumi Obe

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Obe was born in Sakaiminato on February 15, 1975. She joined Nikko Securities Dream Ladies in 1991. She was selected Young Player Awards in 1991 and Best Eleven for 4 years in a row (1995-1998). The club also won Nadeshiko League championship for 3 years in a row (1996-1998). However, the club was disbanded in 1998 due to financial strain. She moved to OKI FC Winds in 1999. But the club was disbanded end of season. She moved to YKK Tohoku Ladies SC Flappers (later *TEPCO Mareeze*). End of 2006 season, she retired. She was selected Best Eleven total 7 times in her career.

On August 21, 1991, when Obe was 16 years old, she debuted for the Japan national team against China. She was a member of Japan for 1991, 1995, 2003 World Cup, 1996 and 2004 Summer Olympics. She played at 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 AFC Championship, 1998 and 2002 Asian Games. She played 85 games and scored 6 goals for Japan until 2004. She was also the captain.

At TEPCO Mareeze, when Obe was a player, club manager Takahiro Kimura end of 2006 Nadeshiko League season in November. She managed as playing manager in 2006 Empress's Cup in December.

## Statistics
## References
## Other websites
*
Michelle Rodriguez

**Michelle Rodriguez** (born July 12, 1978 near San Antonio, Texas) is an American movie and television actress who has starred in numerous television programs and movies. She began with *Girlfight* in 2000 and continued with other notable movies, such as *Avatar* and *Machete*.

## Personal life
Rodriguez is bisexual.
Matteo Brancaleoni

**Matteo Brancaleoni**  (pronounced branka-leeonee) is an Italian contemporary pop/jazz singer, actor and journalist.

## Discography
### Albums 
* Just Smile (2006)
* Live in studio (2009)
* New Life (2012)

### Independent albums
* Merry Merry Christmas (2008)

### Live albums
* Live! with Gianpaolo Petrini Big Band (2012)

### Compilation
* Un Sanremese a Londra (2006)
* Il Meglio di Zazzarazzaz (2007) 
* Jazz Magazine (n.49) (2007)

### DVDs
* The Gianpaolo Petrini Big Band - Live from Collegno (2010)
* Live! with Gianpaolo Petrini Big Band (2012)

## Other websites 
* Official Matteo Brancaleoni site
*
Richard Jenkins

**Richard Dale Jenkins** (born May 4, 1947) is an American Academy Award-nominated television, stage, voice, and movie actor who has appeared in many movies such as; *The Visitor*, *The Cabin in the Woods*, *Eddie*, *Fun with Dick and Jane*, *Blue Steel*, *Wolf*, *The Mod Squad*, *Killing Them Softly*, *Kong: Skull Island* and *The Shape of Water*. In television, he is known for his role in *Six Feet Under*.

Jenkins was born in DeKalb, Illinois on May 4, 1947. Jenkins was educated at Illinois Wesleyan University. Jenkins is currently married to Sharon R. Friedrick since 1969, they have 2 children together. Jenkins currently lives in Cumberland, Rhode Island.

## References
## Other websites
*
James Fox

**James Fox**, also known as **William Fox** (born 19 May 1939) is a British television, stage, and movie actor, who has appeared in over 100 television programmes and over 50 movies in his 62-year career. Fox is best known for his roles in *Sexy Beast*, *The Lost World*, and *Patriot Games*. In the U.S. he is mostly known for his role as Mr. Salt in Tim Burton's *Charlie and the Chocolate Factory*.

## Personal life
Fox was born in London, England on 19 May 1939. Fox has an elder brother, actor Edward Fox, and a younger brother, movie producer Robert Fox. His grandfather was playwright Frederick Lonsdale.

Fox was married to Mary Elizabeth Piper from 1973 until her death in 2020. They have five children - the middle child is actor Laurence Fox. His son-in-law is actor and comedian Richard Ayoade. His daughter-in-law is actress Billie Piper. His sister-in-law is actress Joanna David. His niece is actress Emilia Fox. His nephew is actor Freddie Fox.

## References
## Other websites
*
Vincent Pastore

**Vincent Pastore** (born July 14, 1946) is an American television, radio, voice, and movie actor, mostly known for his role as a mobster and also best known for his role as Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero in the hit show *The Sopranos*. He began his career 1988 and had a small part in the 1990 movie *Goodfellas*.

Pastore was born in The Bronx, New York City, New York on July 14, 1946. Pastore was educated at Pace University. Pastore was married to Nancy Berke until they divorced, they had one child. Pastore currently lives in City Island, New York.

## Other websites
*
*VincentPastore.com - The Official Web Site of Vincent Pastore
Nick Punto

**Nicholas Paul Punto** (born November 8, 1977) is an American major league baseball player. He plays for the Los Angeles Dodgers. Punnto was born in San Diego, California. He used to play for the Boston Red Sox.

## References
## Other websites 
*Nick Punto at Baseball-Reference.com
Myocheong

**Myo Cheong** (Hangul: 묘청, Hanja:妙淸, ?-1135) was a Korean  Buddhist monk, politician, and philosopher during the Goryeo Dynasty. His other name was **Jungshim**. 

Myo cheong was from Pyongyang. Although he was a Buddhist, he performed divination and prophecy.

## References 
* http://100.daum.net/encyclopedia/view.do?docid=b07m4489a 
* http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=7608
Terence Stamp

**Terence Henry Stamp** (22 July 1938 – 17 August 2025) was a British movie, voice, television, and stage actor. He appeared in over 100 movies, including *The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert*, *Superman II*, *Get Smart*, *The Haunted Mansion*, *Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace*, *Valkyrie*, *Yes Man*, and *Wanted*. Stamp was been awarded a Golden Globe Award, Silver Bear Award, and a Satellite Award. He acted in over 100 films.

## Personal life
Stamp was born in Stepney, London. In the 1960s, he and supermodel girlfriend Jean Shrimpton were one of the most photographed couples of the day. Another of his famous girlfriends was Julie Christie. Later, Stamp became a follower of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, and lived for a while at Rajneesh's ashram (estate) in Poona.

At 64, Stamp married 29 year old Elizabeth O'Rourke in 2002. The couple divorced in 2008.

Stamp died on 17 August 2025, at the age of 87.

## References 
## Other websites
*Terence Stamp website
*
*
Jonathan Pryce

**Sir Jonathan Pryce**, CBE (born **John Price** on 1 June 1947) is a Welsh movie, television, stage and voice actor. He has appeared in many movie, television programs, and plays during his 42-year career.

Pryce is mostly known for his roles as Elliot Carver in *Tomorrow Never Dies*, Sam Lowry in *Brazil*, King James I/VI of England in *The New World*, Juan Perón in *Evita*, Govenor Weatherby Swann in the *Pirates of the Caribbean* Movie Series, *U.S. President* in both *G.I. Joe the Rise of Cobra*, and in *G.I. Joe Retaliation*. In 2019, he played Pope Francis in the Netflix movie *The Two Popes*, a role which earned him an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Pryce was born in Holywell, Flintshire, Wales on 1 June 1947. He studied at the Royal Academy of the Dramatic Arts. He was raised in London, England. Pryce is currently married to Kate Fahy since 1974.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
Ann Romney

**Ann Lois Romney** (née **Davies** born on April 16, 1949) is the wife of the Republican Presidential Candidate Mitt Romney. She was the First Lady of the State of Massachusetts when he was Governor. She was born in Detroit, Michigan.

## References
Jim Nabors

**James Thurston "Jim" Nabors** (June 12, 1930 – November 30, 2017) was an American singer, television, and movie actor. He was best known for his role as Gomer Pyle on the TV programs *The Andy Griffith Show* and *Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.* Nabors was the host of two programs. They were *The Jim Nabors Hour* and *The Jim Nabors Show*.

Nabors was also a guest star in *The Steve Allen Show*, *The Danny Kaye Show*, *The Muppet Show* and *The Carol Burnett Show*. He won a Golden Raspberry Award for his role as Lugs Harvey in the movie *Stroker Ace*.

## Life
Nabors was born in Sylacauga, Alabama on June 12, 1930. Nabors was educated at the University of Alabama.

There was a rumor that Nabors was married to Rock Hudson, the rumor was later denied. Nabors only said that he and Hudson were only "special friends."

Since 1975, Nabors lived with his partner Stan Cadwallader in Seattle, Washington. A month after same-sex marriage became legal, Nabors married Cadwallader on January 29, 2013. In the early morning of November 30, 2017, Nabors died peacefully at his home in Honolulu. He was 87 years old.

## Television works
## Movie works
## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*Discography at CMT.com
*
*When Jim Nabors Sings
June Foray

**June Foray** (born **June Lucille Forer**; September 18, 1917 – July 26, 2017) was an American television, stage, radio, movie, and voice actress. She was mostly known for making the voice of Rocky the Flying Squirrel and Granny in all of the Looney Tunes shows or movies.

Foray has also made the voice of Cindy Lou Who, Jokey Smurf, Lucifer the cat, and Witch Hazel. She received a Daytime Emmy Award and an Annie Award. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her voice work.

Foray was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on September 18, 1917. She was educated at the Classical High School. She was married to Hobart Donovan from 1954 until his death in 1976. They had no children.

Foray helped create the Best Animated Feature category of the Academy Awards.

On July 26, 2017, Foray died at a hospital in Los Angeles, California of cardiac arrest. She was 99 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Harp seal

The **harp seal** (*Pagophilus groenlandicus*),  also known as the **saddleback seal** or **Greenland seal**, is a species of earless seal.  They live in the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Arctic Ocean. It now belongs to the monotypic genus *Pagophilus*. Its scientific name, *Pagophilus groenlandicus*, means "ice-lover from Greenland".

## Description 
The harp seal has a black face with silvery-gray body. Its eyes are pure black. It has black harp or wishbone-shaped markings on the back. They show little sexual dimorphism. They are very social animals. They can be very noisy, as well. They will form large colonies where they spend a great deal of time. Many harp seals are able to live up to 30 years in the wild.

On the ice, pups call their mothers by "bawling" and "mumble" while playing with others. Adults "growl" and "warble" to warn off others. Underwater, adults use more than 19 call types during courting and mating.

## Reproduction 
Females mature sexually at age five to six. Then each year, they bear one pup.  This is usually in late February.

Newborn pups weigh around  and are  long. After birth, the mother only feeds that pup. During the 12 day nursing period, the mother does not eat.  She loses up to  per day.  Harp seal milk has up to 48% fat, so pups gain over  per day.

Weaning is sudden. The mother turns from nursing to promiscuous mating. She leaves the pup behind on the ice. While courtship starts on the ice, mating usually takes place in the water.

Pups are unable to swim or find food until seven to eight weeks old or until the ice melts.  This leaves them open to polar bears and other predators. Because they cannot eat, they lose up to 50% of their weight. As many as 30% of pups die during their first year.

## References