open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Scott Wilson (actor)

**Scott Wilson** (born **William Delano Wilson**; March 29, 1942 &ndash; October 6, 2018) was an American actor of television and movies. He was known for his roles in *In the Heat of the Night*, *In Cold Blood*, *The Great Gatsby*, *Dead Man Walking*, *Pearl Harbor*, and *Junebug*.

Wilson was born on March 29, 1942 in Thomasville, Georgia. He married Heavenly Wilson in 1977. Wilson died of complications from leukemia on October 6, 2018 in Los Angeles, California, aged 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
Dick Gregory

**Richard Claxton "Dick" Gregory** (October 12, 1932 &ndash; August 19, 2017) was an American comedian, social activist, social critic, writer, and entrepreneur.

Gregory was born on October 12, 1932 in St. Louis, Missouri. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Gregory studied at Sumner High School and at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. He had been married to Lillian Gregory since 1959. They had 10 children.

Gregory died at a hospital in Washington, D.C. on August 19, 2017 of heart failure at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
*A short biography from www.dickgregory.com   
*Dick Gregory's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
**Booknotes* interview with Gregory on *Callus on My Soul: A Memoir*, March 4, 2001. 
*Speech by Dick Gregory given on October 20, 1969. Audio recording. From the University of Alabama's Emphasis Symposium on Contemporary Issues.
*Footage of October, 1968 interview with Dick Gregory regarding his candidacy for the Presidency in 1968
Order of Lenin

The **Order of Lenin** (Russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina), named after Vladimir Lenin, was the highest order bestowed by the Soviet Union. The order was awarded to:
* Civilians for outstanding services rendered to the State,
* Members of the armed forces for exemplary service,
* Those who promoted friendship and cooperation between peoples and in strengthening peace
* Those with meritorious services to the Soviet state and society

The order was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. It was disestablished in 1991, because of the fall of the Soviet Union.

## Other websites
* Legal Library of the USSR
Hip hop soul

**Hip hop soul** is a subgenre of hip hop, contemporary R&B, soul, and new jack swing.

## Characteristics
Hip hop soul first started as a genre that fused hip hop with soul music. Some of the best songs of hip hop soul include "I'll Make Love to You", "Lonely", "Swim Good", "Ya Lil (Al Anisa Farah)" and "Can't Be Without You". It was very popular at first. Then, it began to lose commercial success because of its late sexual lyrics and dark themes.

## Notable hip hop soul artists
Con Air

***Con Air*** is an American 1997 action crime thriller movie. It was directed by Simon West and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. It stars Nicolas Cage, John Malkovich, John Cusack, and Steve Buscemi. It received positive reviews. Roger Ebert gave the movie three out of four stars. In was released on June 6, 1997.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Jokkmokk

**Jokkmokk** is a locality in the county of Dalarna in Sweden. It is the seat of Jokkmokk Municipality.

## References 
## Other websites
List of World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan

**World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan** are places that are in the World Heritage Site List of UNESCO, a part of the United Nations, which are selected by UNESCO's World Heritage Committee.  These are places of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of mankind. 

There are currently 3 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan.
Below is the actual list and the proposed list of the sites in Azerbaijan:

## References
## Other websites
* UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan
Saving Mr. Banks

***Saving Mr. Banks*** is a 2013 biographical comedy-drama movie. It is based on the real life events during the making of the 1964 Disney movie *Mary Poppins*.

*Saving Mr. Banks* stars Tom Hanks as Walt Disney and Emma Thompson as P. L. Travers. Paul Giamatti, Bradley Whitford, Kathy Baker, Rachel Griffiths and Colin Farrell also appear in the movie.

Meryl Streep was the first choice to play Travers. Thompson took the part because the studio could not get Streep. Thompson has said the role of P. L. Travers was the most difficult one she's played.

Photography began in September 2012. The movie was filmed in the Los Angeles area, and the Disney Studios. Care was taken to keep any post-1964 rides from being caught on film.

*Saving Mr. Banks* was given its world premiere at the London Film Festival on October 20, 2013. It has received much critical praise. *The Hollywood Reporter* said the movie was an "affecting if somewhat soft-soaped comedy drama, elevated by excellent performances."

## References
Air Forces of the National People's Army

The '''Air Forces of the National People's Army''' () was the air force of East Germany. It was a part of the National People's Army, established in 1956.

## Structure 
### 1. Luftverteidigungsdivision (1. LVD) 
* Jagdfliegergeschwader 1 "Fritz Schmenke" (HQ Holzdorf)
* Jagdfliegergeschwader 3 "Wladimir Komarow" (HQ Preschen)
* Jagdfliegergeschwader 7 "Wilhelm Pieck" (HQ Drewitz)
* Jagdfliegergeschwader 8 "Hermann Matern" (HQ Marxwald)
* 41. Fla-Raketenbrigade "Hermann Dunker" (HQ Ladeberg)
* 51. Fla-Raketenbrigade "Werner Lamberz" (HQ Sprötau)
* Fla-Raketenregiment 31 "Jaroslaw Dombrowski" (HQ Straßgräbchen)

### 3. Luftverteidigungsdivision (3. LVD) 
* Jagdfliegergeschwader 2 "Juri Gagarin" (HQ Trollenhagen)
* Jagdfliegergeschwader 9 "Heinrich Rau" (HQ Peenemünde)
* 43. Fla-Raketenbrigade "Erich Weinert" (HQ Sanitz)
* Fla-Raketenregiment 13 "Etkar André" (HQ Parchim)
* Fla-Raketenregiment 23 "Rudolf Breitscheid" (HQ Stallberg)

## Equipment 
### Fighter Aircraft 
*Mikoyan MiG-21
*Mikoyan MiG-29
*Mikoyan MiG-23
*Mikoyan MiG-23BN
*Sukhoi Su-22
*Aero L-39 Albatros

### Transport Aircraft 
*Antonov An-2
*Antonov An-26
*Ilyushin Il-62
*Tupolev Tu-134
*Tupolev Tu-154
*Let L-410 Turbolet
*Zlín Z 43

### Helicopters 
*Mil Mi-2
*Mil Mi-8
*Mil Mi-24
*Mil Mi-14

### Surface-to-Air Missiles 
*S-75 Dvina (SA-2 Guideline)
*S-75 Wolchow (SA-2 Guideline)
*S-125 Newa (SA-3 Goa)
*S-200 Wega (SA-5 Gammon)
*S-300 (SA-10 Grumble)
M129 grenade launcher

**M129 Grenade launcher** is an American 40-mm automatic grenade launcher. It is weapon for helicopters. It was made in 1966 by the Ford aerospace company and it is still being used today. It is advanced version of the earlier M75. The rate of fire of M75 was 225 rounds per minute, but the M129 can shoot 400 rounds per minute. It is powered by the helicopter's electrical systm. M129 is used by these helicopters:

*Bell AH-1 Cobra
*Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne
*Bell UH-1 Iroquois
*OH-6A Cayuse
*OH-58 Kiowa

## References
Shahram Rostami

**Shahram Rostami** (born 19??) was an Iranian flying ace in the Iran-Iraq War. He was an F-14 Tomcat pilot. He shot down 6 Iraqi fighters: 1 MiG-21, 3 Mirage F1s and 2 MiG-25s. He was the first fighter pilot in the world, who shot down a MiG-25.

## References
Sociobiology: the new synthesis

***Sociobiology: the new synthesis*** is a book by E.O. Wilson that helped start the sociobiology debate, one of the great scientific controversies of the 20th century.  Wilson popularized the term "sociobiology" as an attempt to explain the evolutionary mechanics behind behaviours such as altruism, aggression, and nurture. The fundamental principles guiding sociobiology are:
# an organism's evolutionary success is measured by the extent to which its genes are represented in the next generation.
# this applies to an animal's behaviour and social life as much as it does to any other aspect of its life.

The book was first published in 1975, then reprinted in 1976.  A twenty-fifth anniversary edition was published in 2000 by Harvard University Press.

## Reception 
The application of sociobiology to humans was immediately controversial. Some people, such as Stephen Jay Gould, and Richard Lewontin said that sociobiology was biologicially determinist. They argued that it would be used, as similar ideas had been in the past, to justify the status quo, entrench ruling elites, and legitimize authoritarian political programmes. They referred to social darwinism and eugenics of the early 20th century, and to other more recent ideas, such as the race and IQ controversy of the early 1970s as cautionary tales in the use of evolutionary principles as applied to human society.

Wilson and his admirers countered these criticisms by saying that Wilson had no political agenda, and if he had one it was certainly not authoritarian (Wilson is an outspoken environmentalist). They argued that sociobiology does not necessarily lead to any particular political ideology as many critics implied.

Many other sociobiologists have used sociobiology to argue quite separate points. Noam Chomsky surprised many by coming to the defense of sociobiology on the grounds that political radicals need to postulate a relatively fixed idea of human nature in order to be able to struggle for a better society. They needed to know what human needs were in order to build a better society.

An extensive account of the controversy around the book was published 25 years later. It largely supporting Wilson's views. For ethologists, Wilson's ideas are mainstream, and for them his book is not controversial.

## Related pages 
* Adaptive unconscious
* Blank slate
* Evolutionary psychology
* Human nature
* Nature vs nurture
* Sociobiology

## References
Conair

**Conair** or **Connair** may refer to:

* Conair Group, a company that makes firefighting tools for aircraft
* *Con Air*, a movie from 1997
* Conair of Scandinavia, a Danish airline from 1964 to 1994
* Connellan Airways (later Connair), an Australian airline from 1943 to 1980

## Related pages
* Continental Airlines
Public Enemies (2009 movie)

***Public Enemies*** is a 2009 American biographical crime drama movie set in Chicago during the 1930s. It was directed by Michael Mann. It stars Johnny Depp as John Dillinger. Christian Bale, Marion Cotillard, Stephen Lang, Leelee Sobieski, Channing Tatum, and Billy Crudup also star. It was released on July 1, 2009.

Roger Ebert, Peter Travers, Rex Reed, and Michael Phillips gave it positive reviews.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Russ Meyer

**Russell Albion "Russ" Meyer** (March 21, 1922 &ndash; September 18, 2004) was an American movie director, producer, screenwriter, cinematographer, editor, actor and photographer.

Meyer is known writing and directing on a series of successful low-budget sexploitation movies that featured campy humor, sly satire and large-breasted women such as in *Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!*.

During his early movie career, Meyer used to work with future Pulitzer Prize-winning movie critic Roger Ebert.

## Early life
Meyer was born on March 21, 1922 in San Leandro, California to a German-American family. He was raised in Oakland, California.

### Marriages
He was married to Betty Valdovinos from 1949 until they divorced in 1950. Then he was married to Eve Meyer from 1952 until they divorced in 1966. Then he was married to Edy Williams from 1970 until they divorced in 1973.

## Death
Meyer died on September 18, 2004 in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, California from complications from pneumonia after battling Alzheimer's disease. He was 82 years old. Meyer was buried at Stockton Rural Cemetery in Stockton, California.

### Biopic
Fox Searchlight Pictures is currently negotiating the rights to create a biopic covering the early years of Meyer's career.
    
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Nathaniel Rich on Russ Meyer in the *San Francisco Chronicle*
Douglas Seale

**Douglas Seale** (28 October 1913 &ndash; 13 June 1999) was an English actor, director, and producer.

## Career 
He provided the voice of Krebbs in *The Rescuers Down Under* (1990). Two years later, Seale voiced the Sultan in *Aladdin*.

He also appeared in several movie including *Amadeus* and *Ernest Saves Christmas* (1988) in which he played Santa Claus. He appeared in the 1986 Christmas movie, *A Smoky Mountain Christmas*, as Vernon.

Seale was born on 28 October 1913 in London, England. He was married three times, first two ended in divorce. His last marriage was to Louise Troy until her death of breast cancer in 1994.

Seale died on 13 June 1999 in New York City, New York from pneumonia, aged 85. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Atlantic Ocean.

## Other websites
* 
*
Haji (actress)

**Haji** (**Cerlet Catton**; January 24, 1946 &ndash; August 10, 2013) was a Canadian-born actress and former exotic dancer known for her role in the Russ Meyer's 1965 cult classic *Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!*.

Haji was born on January 24, 1946 in Quebec, Canada. She had one daughter out of wedlock. Haji died on August 10, 2013 from unknown causes.

## References
## Other websites
*
University of Paris

The **University of Paris** () was a university in Paris, France. It was one of the first universities to be established in Europe. It was founded in the middle of the 12th century. The university is often referred to as the **Sorbonne** or **la Sorbonne**, after the creation of the college (Collège de Sorbonne) founded around 1257 by Robert de Sorbon.

In 1971, the university was split into thirteen independent universities.

## References
## Other websites
* Academy of Paris 
* Sorbonne - Universités Paris I, III, IV and V (official homepage)
Heteropogon contortus

***Heterpogon contortus*** is a kind of perennial grass. It is native to southern Africa, southern Asia and parts of Australia and Oceania. Common names for the species include **black spear grass** and **tanglehead**. The plant can reach a height of . The plants grow particularly well in areas where wildfires are frequent. Native Hawaiians used it to thatch their houses.

## References
William P. Clark Jr.

**William Patrick Clark, Jr.** (October 23, 1931 &ndash; August 10, 2013) was an American rancher, judge, and public servant. He served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 until 1985.

Clark was a judge of the Superior Court of California from 1969 to 1971 and an associate justice of the California State Supreme Court from 1973 to 1981.

On September 21, 1983 Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt embarrassed the administration by yet again making bigoted remarks to the media, causing him to resign on November 8, and Clark requested and received an appointment to replace Watt.

He returned to California after his stint serving the administration and pursued a variety of law firm and other business interests.

Clark was born on October 23, 1931 in Oxnard, California. He was raised as a Catholic.

Clark was married to Johanna "Joan" Brauner until her death in April 2009. They had five children; Monica, Peter (nicknamed Pete), Nina, Colin, and Paul.

Clark died on August 10, 2013 in Shandon, California from Parkinson's disease, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Department of the Interior listing 
* American President - William Patrick Clark
Nirodha

**Nirodha** is a Sanskrit word, which is also a concept used in Buddhism. It is one of the Four Noble Truths. It is the end of suffering and its causes. According to Thubten Chodron, Nirodha is the final disappearance of all bad experiences and their causes in such a way that they can no longer occur again.

## Notes
## Sources
*
Ruth Duccini

**Ruth Duccini** (July 23, 1918 &ndash; January 16, 2014) was an American actress and writer. She was one of the last two surviving Munchkins from the 1939 movie *The Wizard of Oz*. The other is Jerry Maren. Duccini was the last surviving female from the movie and also the oldest.

Her role in the movie as a Munchkin villager was not credited. Her most recent appearance was when she (along with the other surviving Munchkins from *The Wizard of Oz*) was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

While Duccini could not remember what she earned filming *Oz* in 2013, she said that the Munchkin village actors were paid $125 a week during filming.

Duccini made the news again when Baroness Margaret Thatcher died and critics of the former Prime Minister tried to propel "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" on the radio charts to celebrate her passing. Duccini and Maren both called the campaign "terrible" and were saddened by the movement while insisting the song was never to be used in such a way.

Duccini died on January 16, 2014 from natural causes in Las Vegas, Nevada, aged 95.

## References
## Other websites
*The Wizard of Oz' Special Screening Honoring the Munchkins Photo Gallery
*
Brookhaven, Georgia

**Brookhaven** is a city in western DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. It is northeast of Atlanta. Brookhaven became DeKalb County's 11th city on December 17, 2012. It has been approved in a referendum on July 31, 2012.

In 2020, 55,161 people live in Brookhaven. It is the largest city in DeKalb County. The new city stretches over .

## References
## Other websites
* City of Brookhaven 
* Brookhaven Directory 
* Brookhaven Neighborhood Association
University of Leicester

The **University of Leicester** is a university in Leicester, England.

## Related pages 
* International Planning History Society

## Other websites 
* University of Leicester website 
* LUSH Student Radio
* University of Leicester Student Savings Directory 
* Aerial photograph of University College (later Leicester University) in April 1926
Yukuhashi, Fukuoka

**Yukuhashi** is a town in Fukuoka Prefecture, western Japan. It is south of Kitakyushu, near Oita Prefecture. It has around 70,000 people.

## Other websites
*City website
International Planning History Society

**International Planning History Society** (**IPHS**) is an international academic organization for urban planning history. The organization was established in 1974 at the University of Leicester, in Leicester, England as an academic group called "Planning History Group". In 1993, it became an international organization with architecture and urban planning faculties around the world and the name changed to "International Planning History Society".  

## Related pages 
* Society for American City and Regional Planning History

## Other websites 
* International Planning History Society 
* The International Planning History Society International Conference - 2020  website 
* The International Planning History Society International Conference - 2012  website
* The International Planning History Society International Conference - 2014  website
Jerry Maren

**Jerry Maren** (born **Gerard Marenghi**; January 24, 1920 – May 24, 2018) was an American actor and writer. He was the only confirmed surviving dwarf Munchkin from *The Wizard of Oz* (in 2014). 

The other surviving munchkin cast member was Ruth Robinson Duccini until she died in 2014. Maren retired from public appearances in September 2011.

## Early life
Maren was born **Gerard Marenghi** in Boston, Massachusetts on January 24, 1920.

## Career
In the 1950s, Maren worked as a Little Oscar for the Oscar Mayer Company and as Buster Brown in television and radio commercials. Later he joined his friend Billy Barty in organizing Little People of America. Maren has also portrayed Mayor McCheese and The Hamburglar in commercials for McDonald's.

In the late 1970s, he was the dapper little man on *The Gong Show*, heralding each show's big finish with an onslaught of confetti as Milton Delugg's band played "Hoop Dee Doo".

Maren also made a notable appearance in *The Odd Couple* episode 'Felix the Horseplayer' as Harry Tallman, a racehorse exerciser who was giving Oscar tips on winning horses.

## Personal life
Maren was married to Elizabeth Barrington from 1975 until her death at age 69 on January 27, 2011.

He lived in Southern California.

## Death
On May 24, 2018, Maren died in San Diego of heart failure complicated by dementia at the age of 98.

## References
## Other websites
*
Not Without My Daughter

***Not Without My Daughter*** is a 1991 American drama movie by director Brian Gilbert. It stars Sally Field and Alfred Molina. It is based on Betty Mahmoody's 1987 book by telling the story about the escape with her daughter from her husband from Iran.

## Plot
American Betty Lover marries Iranian doctor Sayeed Bozorg Mahmoody (nicknamed: Moody). They have a daughter called Mahtab (Persian: "Moonlight").

Moody wants to see his family in Tehran, Iran, because he has not seen his family for ten years. Betty doesn't want to go to Iran, because she thinks that it is dangerous. Moody persuades Betty, that she goes to Iran for a two week holiday. But Moody has hidden the termination of his job in a hospital in the USA from Betty and Mahtab and tells his family, that they will stay in Iran forever. Because a man has the say in Iran, they have to stay here and Betty cannot take her daughter Mahtab out of the country without her husband's permission. She searches for help to escape from the country with Mahtab, for example from the Swiss embassy.

She has major problems to adapt to the strict laws and customs of the country, because as an American she is much-hated in Iran. Moody often abuses Betty, because she does not obey him. After 18 months, Betty succeeds to escape Iran with her daughter Mahtab. They flee over the Zagros mountains in the northwest of Iran to Turkey. They fly back to USA from there.

## Other websites
*
*
Crossing the Rubicon

**Crossing the Rubicon** is a metaphor similar to "Burning one's bridges" and "the point of no return". It means passing a  point, where one cannot turn back. It comes from a genuine historical incident. The Rubicon is  a shallow river in north-east Italy. According to Roman tradition and law Roman legions could not be brought south of the river without permission of the Roman Senate.

## Caesar's civil war 
In 50 BC, the Senate, led by Pompey, ordered Julius Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome because his term as governor of Gaul had finished. Caesar thought he would be prosecuted if he entered Rome without the immunity enjoyed by a magistrate. Pompey accused Caesar of  and treason.

### Crossing the Rubicon 
Caesar and his army approached Rome and *crossed the Rubicon* in 49 BC. It was the point beyond which no army was supposed to go. The river marked the boundary between Cisalpine Gaul to the north, and Italy proper to the south. Pompey, the lawful Consul, and his friends, fled from Rome as Caesar's army approached. So began a civil war in which Caesar eventually triumphed.

What Caesar reportedly said at the crossing of the Rubicon is "Alea iacta est" ("The die is cast"). This is yet another metaphor. It comes from gambling with dice: once the die or dice have been thrown, no bets can be withdrawn or added, even before the dice have come to rest.

## References
Henry Polic II

**Henry Polic II** (February 20, 1945 &ndash; August 11, 2013) was a stage, screen, and voice actor. He was best known for his role as Jerry Silver in *Webster* and as the voice of Scarecrow in *Batman: The Animated Series*.

Polic was born on February 20, 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied at Florida State University. Polic died on August 11, 2013 in Los Angeles, California from cancer, aged 68.

## References
## Other websites
*
Land reclamation

**Land reclamation** is the idea of getting new land. It is usually done in coastal areas. Sometimes it is also done in areas like rivers and lakes. Usually, there is a natural process which fills such areas with sand, dirt and other materials. Land reclamation uses the same process, which is sped up. In many cases, this is done using dikes. An example where land reclamation is done is the IJsselmeer in the Netherlands.

Pioneer plants, such as Salicornia or Ammophila grow there. When the level of the land is as high as that of the high tide, new ditches are dug, and the process can repeat.

Sometimes, it is too time-consuming to wait for the land to rise. In that case, it is possible to pump out the water in the enclosed area. This was done in the Netherlands, where many areas are below sea level. The problem with this approach is that it needs to be repeated, for example in the case of heavy rainfall.
Few examples are Kansai Airport in Osaka, Japan.

The creation of large, artificial islands, such as Palm Islands in Dubai or Maasvlakte, which is part of the port of Rotterdam is not known as Land reclamation.
## Gallery

File:Beltringharder Koog 0067.JPG|Land reclamation in Germany
File:Satellite image of Flevopolder, Netherlands (5.48E 52.43N).png|The Flevopolder in the Netherlands, reclaimed from the IJsselmeer, is the largest artificial island in the world.
File:View from Nokia Beirut.jpg|Land Reclamation in the Beirut Central District
File:Fontvieille harbour.JPG|The whole district of Fontvieille, Monaco was reclaimed from the sea
Russell's paradox

'''Russell's paradox** is a paradox in naive set theory that is named after Bertrand Russell, who described it in 1901. German mathematician Ernst Zermelo discovered it in 1898 but did not publish the idea. The paradox highlights some problems that set theory had at the time. When Georg Cantor developed the theory in the 1880s, he already suspected that his theory would lead to such problems.

Consider the set of sets that do not contain themselves. The paradox appears when we consider whether this set should contain itself. If it should, then the set no longer satisfies its condition. If it should not, then it should contain itself. Thus, a contradiction arises. This paradox, stemming from a simple set definition, exposed a flaw in set theory and led mathematicians to introduce restrictions on set creation, as described in axiomatic set theory.

About 20 years later, Russell came up with the Barber paradox, which is a way of describing the same problem in a different way. The Barber paradox says: "Suppose there is a barber who shaves all adult men who do not shave themselves." In this case, answering the question of whether the barber shaves himself is impossible. If he does, then he would not, because he "shaves all men who do not shave themselves." Similarly, if he does not, then he would. This leads to a conundrum.

## Informal presentation 
Most sets we normally talk about are not members of themselves. 

* We call a set "normal" if it is not a member of itself.

* We call a set "abnormal" if it is a member of itself. 

Every set must be either normal or abnormal. 

**Example 1:** The set of all squares on a flat plane. This set is not itself a square, so it is not inside itself. That means it is a **normal** set.

**Example 2:'* the set of everything that is *not* a square on the plane. This set is not a square either, so it belongs to itself. That makes it an **abnormal** set.

Now think about the set of all normal sets *and call it: R*.

We ask: Is *R normal or is it abnormal?*

* If *R is normal: then it should be a inside the set of all normal sets - which means inside itself. But that would make it abnormal*
* if *R is abnormal: then its not inside the set of all normal sets - which means not inside itself. But that would make it normal*

So *R would have to be both normal and abnormal, which would be impossible. This contradiction is called for Russels paradox.''
Augusta Victoria Hospital

**Augusta Victoria Hospital** is a hospital on Mount of Olives, Jerusalem. It was built in 1907. It was named after Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein, the wife of German Kaiser Wilhelm II.
 
## Other websites 
* Augusta Victoria  on the Israel Traveler website.
Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau

**Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau** (**Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg**; 25 September 1968 &ndash; 12 August 2013) was a member of the Dutch Royal Family.

He was born on 25 September 1968 in the University Medical Center in Utrecht, Netherlands to Princess Beatrix and Prince Claus. He was a younger brother of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. Because of his marriage without an Act of Consent in 2004, he lost his membership of the Dutch Royal House and was no longer in the line of succession to the Dutch throne. He worked as chief financial officer for Urenco Group.

On 17 February 2012, Prince Friso was buried under an avalanche in Lech, Austria, while skiing off piste. He was taken to a hospital in Innsbruck where he was in critical but stable condition.

According to his doctor, even though he was trapped for a relatively short time and hopes had originally been higher, subsequent neurological tests showed that after fifty minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in moderate hypothermia he suffered massive brain damage due to oxygen shortage. The prince was in a minimally conscious state and it was unclear whether he would ever regain full consciousness. After nearly a year and a half in a coma, he died on 12 August 2013.

## References
## Other websites
* Geen Toestemmingswet Huwelijk Friso en Mabel, archived from regering.nl, 10 October 2003 (Dutch)
Vasiliy Mihaylovich Peskov

**Vasiliy Mikhailovich Peskov** (March 14, 1930 &ndash; August 12, 2013) was a Russian writer, journalist, photographer, traveler and ecologist.

He has worked in the Russian newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda since 1956. From 1975 until 1990 he conducted the TV programme "In the World of Animals" on Soviet TV.

Peskov was born on March 14, 1930 in Orlovo, Central Black Earth Oblast (now Voronezh Oblast), Soviet Union.

In 1964, he was awarded a Lenin Prize. In 1990, he was among the winners of UNEP's Global 500 Roll of Honour.

Peskov died on August 12, 2013 in Moscow, Russia. The cause of his death is currently unknown. He was 83 years old.

## Related pages
*List of ecologists from Europe

## References
## Other websites
* ЗАГЛЯДЫВАЮЩИЙ В ПРИРОДУ 
* Adult Award Winner in 1990 
* mosdepkultura
Pico Ruivo

**Pico Ruivo** ("red peak" in Portuguese) is, with its , the highest point of the island of Madeira and the third summit of Portugal (after Mount Pico in Pico Island, Azores, and Torre in continental Portugal).

Pico Ruivo is in the Central Mountainous Massif, in the municipality of Santana, where there are also other high mountains like the *Pico das Torres*, with  and the *Pico do Arieiro*, with .

## Plants
Although of moderate altitude, the top has a very rocky landscape. The only vegetation that can develop there is of plants that grow on or among rocks.

There are two main types of vegetation: one with heathers, widespread on the island, and another with few herbaceous plants. A special feature for this altitude is the presence of small shrubs and heather trees.

## Wildlife
 and **Pico Ruivo** from Pico do Arieiro.]]
Some birds found on Pico Ruivo are the common blackbird, chaffinch and the Madeira firecrest. The red-legged partridge and the common linnet also nest on Pico Ruivo.

Until a few years ago, its slopes were used for raising goats, sheep and cows. However, to conserve the biodiversity in the region (such as the protection of the bird *freira-da-madeira* and plant communities in altitude), this practice was prohibited and the entire area around the peak is recovering.

## Hiking
The summit of Pico Ruivo can be reached only on foot:
* from Achada do Texeira (north-east, 1,592 meters) by a trail;
* from the Pico do Arieiro (southeast), the third highest mountain of the island, along a path about  long; or
* by the west, especially from Curral das Freiras.

## References
## Other websites
* madeira islands - Madeira Tourism Office: Nature holidays
* Pico Ruivo, Portugal - Peakbagger.com
* "Europe: Atlantic Islands - Ultra Prominences" - Peaklist.org. 
* Pico Ruivo: Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering: SummitPost
* Madeira Tourism Office: Walking through undreamt beauty
Division of Durack

The **Division of Durack** is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Western Australia. The Division is named after the pioneering Durack family. Author Mary Durack's wrote about the family history in her books, *Kings in Grass Castles* and *Sons in the Saddle*. The division was set up in 2010. 

Durack covers the northern parts of Western Australia. It includes Geraldton, Broome, Carnarvon, Derby, Dongara, Kalbarri, Karratha, Kununurra, Meekatharra, Merredin, Moora, Mukinbudin, Newman, Port Hedland and Tom Price, as well as the Houtman Abrolhos islands.

At 1,587,758&nbsp;km², Durack is the largest electorate in Australia by land area, covering most of Western Australia's land area.

## Members
Barry Haase was the member for the Division of Kalgoorlie which was abolished in the changes which established Durack.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Durack – Australian Electoral Commission
* Melissa Price's website
List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 18th century

**Atlantic hurricane seasons**
Before 1600 1600s **1700s** 1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s

While information for every storm that happened is not available, some parts of the coastline had enough people to give information of hurricane happenings. Each season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic basin. Most tropical cyclone formation occurs between June 1 and November 30.

## 1700–1719 
Although not listed below, the Great Storm of 1703 that struck the Kingdom of England may have been a hurricane.

## 1720–1739 
## 1740–1759 
## 1760–1769 
## 1770–1779 
## 1780–1789 
The 1780 Atlantic hurricane season was a very deadly hurricane season. About 25,000 people died mainly due to three storms in October.
* A hurricane affected Puerto Rico on June 19, 1780.
* The second hurricane seen hit New Orleans, causing a lot of damage.  
* A hurricane hit Jamaica on October 5, it also hit Cuba. The storm killed about 1115 people. This was also known as the Savanna-la-Mar Hurricane.
* The Great Hurricane of 1780 killed 22,000 people in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Making it the deadliest Atlantic hurricane ever seen. 
* A powerful hurricane in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico from October 17 to the 21st killed 2,000 people. Also known as Solano's Hurricane. 
*During late October, a storm hit Barbados and St. Lucia. 
*A storm moved along the East Coast of the United States on November 17.

## 1790–1790 
## Related pages
*List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

## References
## Other websites 
*http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml
*http://www.candoo.com/genresources/hurricane.htm#1700 
*http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/vahur.htm
*http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lch/research/la18hu.htm
Division of Holt

The **Division of Holt** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1969 and is named for Harold Holt, who was Prime Minister of Australia 1966–67. It covers the outer south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. This includes Cranbourne, Doveton, Hampton Park, Endeavour Hills, Narre Warren, and Hallam. 

## Members
Gareth Evans was a member of the Senate before being elected to Holt. He was a Cabinet Minister in the Hawke and Keating Governments, including Foreign Minister. He was the Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 1996 to 1998.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Holt – Australian Electoral Commission
* Anthony Byrne's website
The Adventures of Tintin (movie)

***The Adventured of Tintin*** or ***The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorns*** a 2011 New Zealand-American action-adventure movie. The film is based on three of Hergé's albums *Crab with the Golden Claws*, *The Secret Unicorn*, and ''Red Rackham's Treasure''.

It was directed by Steven Spielberg. It was produced by Peter Jackson and Kathleen Kennedy. It stars Jamie Bell, Andy Serkis, Daniel Craig, Nick Frost, Simon Pegg, and Enn Reitel. It was composed by John Williams.

It was released on December 21, 2011.

## Cast 
* Jamie Bell as Tintin
* Andy Serkis as Captain Haddock and Sir Francis Haddock
* Daniel Craig as Ivan Ivanovitch Sakharine and Red Rackham
* Nick Frost as Thomson
* Simon Pegg as Thompson
* Toby Jones as Aristides Silk
* Daniel Mays as Allan
* Gad Elmaleh as Omar ben Salaad
* Mackenzie Crook as Tom
Sophie Germain prime

A **Sophie Germain prime** is a type of prime number. If a prime number is still prime after being multiplied by 2 and adding 1 to the answer, then the original prime is a Sophie Germain prime. A mathematical definition is: a prime number, denoted by *p*, is a Sophie Germain prime if *2p+1* is also a prime number. *2p+1* is called a safe prime if it is a prime number.

Sophie Germain primes are named after the French mathematician Sophie Germain.

Many mathematicians believe that there are an infinite amount of Sophie Germain primes, but this has not been proven.

## Examples
11 is a Sophie Germain prime because 23 ((2 &times; 11) + 1 = 23) is also a prime number.

13 is a prime number but not a Sophie Germain prime because 27 ((2 &times; 13) + 1 = 27) is not a prime number.
Touraine

**Touraine** () is one of the traditional provinces of France. Its capital was Tours. In 1790 France changed from being divided into provinces to being divided into departments. Touraine was divided between the departments of Indre-et-Loire, :Loir-et-Cher and Indre.

## Geography
Touraine has a network of rivers. The Loire and its tributaries the Cher, the Indre and the Vienne all make up a part of the Paris river basin. It is well known for its wine. The TGV connects Tours with Paris. The trip takes less than an hour. This has made Touraine a place of residence for people who work in the capital but seek a different quality of life.

## History
Touraine takes its name from a Celtic tribe called the Turones, who inhabited the Tours region about two thousand years ago.  
In 1044, the control of Touraine was given to the counts of Anjou. This same dynasty who (as the House of Plantagenet) became kings of England in 1154. The castle of Chinon was their great stronghold. In 1205, Philip II Augustus of France regained Touraine. At this time, Touraine was made into a Duchy. In 1429, Saint Joan of Arc had a historic meeting with the future King of France Charles VII at Chinon. Throughout the late 15th and 16th centuries, Touraine was a favorite residence of French kings. The castles were converted to Renaissance châteaux; for this reason the region was titled "The Garden of France". These same châteaux became popular tourist attractions in modern times. The royal duchy became a province in 1584, and was divided into departments in 1790.

## Famous natives
* René Descartes
* Honoré de Balzac

## Famous non-natives
* Leonardo da Vinci died in Amboise in 1519
* Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, Duke of Touraine leader of the Army of Scotland in France during the Hundred Years' War. 

## Notes 
## References
Division of Lingiari

The **Division of Lingiari** is an Australian electoral division in the Northern Territory. It was created in 2000 and covers almost the entire Territory. The city of Darwin is in the Division of Solomon. Lingiari covers an area of , 

## Members
Warren Snowden held a number of positions, including Minister for Veterans' Affairs, Minister for Defence Science and Personnel, Minister for Indigenous Health, and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister on the Centenary of Anzac during the Rudd and Gillard governments.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Lingiari – Australian Electoral Commission
* Warren Snowden's website
Division of Gorton

The **Division of Gorton** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was set up in 2004 and is named for Sir John Gorton, Prime Minister of Australia from 1968 to 1971. It covers the outer western suburbs of Melbourne. It includes the suburbs of Hillside, Delahey, Kings Park, Caroline Springs, Deer Park, Cairnlea and Melton as well as the satellite townships of Diggers Rest and Toolern Vale. 

## Members
Brendan O'Connor had also been the member for the Division of Burke. He has held several Ministerial positions in the Rudd Government and the Gillard Government These have included Immigration and Citizenship, Housing, Human Services, Skills and Training, Small Business, and Employment.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Gorton – Australian Electoral Commission
* Brendan O'Connor's website
Fulk III of Anjou

**Fulk III "Nerra"** (970–1040), was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 987 to his death. He built up Angevin power by building a network of castles. 

## Early career 
Fulk was the son of Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou and Adele of Meaux. He was born about 970. Fulk was born into a dynasty of counts going back nearly a hundred years. His father, grandfather, great-grandfather and second great-grandfather had all been counts of Anjou before him. His father, Geoffrey I had been preparing Fulk to be count as he raised him. He was about age seventeen when his father died and Fulk became the next count.

## Count of Anjou 
His first years as count were a constant fight for survival. His concerns were mainly holding and defending Angevin interests.

Fulk fought against Conan I of Rennes at the Battle of Conquereuil on 27 June 992. Even though Conan had lost a battle to Fulk's father years before, he was still a powerful force in the region. Hugh Capet, the king of France had supported the Angevins against Blois. But king Robert II of France had been married to Bertha, (Odo II's mother) and supported Blois against Anjou. When he returned he built a new monastery. The king decided to stay with Constance. He and Fulk reconcilled in Rome in 1016. Fulk used these castles both offensively and defensively.

Fulk was a ruthless man. Fulk continued to control Vendome through their daughter, Adele, and her family. In 1028 Fulk and his second wife, Hildegarde, founded the abbey of Le Ronceray. Originally a church dedicated to St. Mary, Hildegard was very active in its rebuilding into an abbey.

## Family 
Fulk's first wife was Elizabeth de Vendome. Together they had a daughter: 
* Adèle. She married Bodon de Nevers, count of Vendome (*jure uxoris*).
 
His second wife was Hildegard of Lorraine. Together they had two children: 
* Geoffrey Martel, his successor.
* Ermengarde-Blanche.

## References
Division of Solomon

The **Division of Solomon** is an Australian Electoral Division in the Northern Territory. It covers the cities of Darwin (including the surrounding suburbs) and Palmerston. The only other division in the territory, the Division of Lingiari, covers the remainder of the territory.

The division was created in 2000. It is named for Vaiben Solomon, a Premier of South Australia, and member of the first Australian Parliament. He represented the Northern Territory in the South Australian House of Assembly, when it was still part of that state.

## Members
## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Solomon – Australian Electoral Commission
* Natasha Grigg's website
Eve Hewson

**Eve Hewson** (born 7 July 1991) is an Irish actress. She is the daughter of U2's lead singer Bono and Irish activist Ali Hewson.  Her first big movie role was in Paolo Sorrentino's *This Must Be the Place* in 2011, with Sean Penn.

## Early life
Hewson was born on 7 July 1991 in Dublin. She was named Eve because she was born on 7 July at 7:00pm, and  "eve" is the middle of the word "seven". She has three siblings. She was educated at St. Andrew's College in Dublin and attended New York University (NYU).

U2 song "Kite" was based on a time when Bono his daughters to fly kite on Killiney Hill. When the kite smashed, Eve asked if they could go home to play with their Tamagotchis. However she was in a short movie in 2005 with her sister. This was Erica Dunton's short movie, *Lost and Found*. her first feature-length movie was in 2008, in Dunton's *The 27 Club*. The same year Hewson took part in an acting programme at the New York Film Academy. In 2010 she was in a music video and short movie for Irish band The Script's song "For the First Time".

In 2011 Hewson acted with Sean Penn and Frances McDormand in Paolo Sorrentino's *This Must Be the Place*. Her role was a young punk called Mary. She will play Yvonne in a new movie called Blood Ties by French director Guillaume Canet. Hewson  received her degree from New York University on 22 May 2013. Her father turned down an offer of an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters on the same day.

In July 2013 Jack Quaid from *The Hunger Games* and Hewson asked fans for money for a new movie called *Roadies* using crowdsourcing.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
*
Moab

**Moab** (not to be confused with Moab, the city in Utah) is the historical name for an area of land in Jordan. The mountainous land covers the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. In ancient times, it was the **Kingdom of Möab**. There have been many archaeological findings that have helped reconstruct its history. It is also described in the Old Testament of the Bible. According to Genesis (19:37), it was inhabited by the children of Moab, a grandson and sonof Lot. The Moabites were often at war with its neighbours to the west, the Israelites.

The capital of Moab was Dibon.

A well-known Moabite is Ruth. According to the Biblical Book of Ruth, she married an Israelite man and became the greatgrandmother of king David.

## Related pages 
* Massive Ordnance Air Blast - MOAB

## Other websites
*Catholic encyclopedia
Suffering

**Suffering** is pain or mental or emotional unhappiness caused by bad things happening, like disasters or illness. It is an important topic in philosophy, and religion. Much health care exists to help people who are suffering. It is proposed to be defined as an unpleasant experience as it affects a person at a psychophysical and existential level.

## Related pages
*Misery
*Pessimism

## References
## Other websites
*Peter Kreeft
Emily Procter

**Emily Mallory Procter** (born October 8, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Detective Calleigh Duquesne on the television series *CSI: Miami*.

## Early life
Procter was born in Raleigh, North Carolina and grew up there. She was adopted. Her parents William and Barbara divorced when she was three years old. She has an older brother Whit. She went to East Carolina University and got degrees in journalism and dance.

## Career
She went to the drama school for two years. She acted in movies like *Leaving Las Vegas* and *Jerry Maguire*, before she graduated. In 1988, she got her first main role in the film *Breast Man*.

Her breakthrough was on the TV series *CSI: Miami*. She played the role of Calleigh Duquesne from 2002 to 2012.
The Defiant Ones

***The Defiant Ones*** is a 1958 American black and white movie which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive. It stars Tony Curtis, Sidney Poitier, Theodore Bikel, Cara Williams, Charles McGraw, and Lon Chaney, Jr.. Ivan Dixon was a stunt double for Sidney Poitier.

## Other websites 
*
Madeiran wall lizard

The **Madeira wall lizard** (*Teira dugesii*) or **Madeira lizard** is a species of lizard in the Lacertidae family, and the only member of the genus *Teira*.

## Distribution
This Madeira wall lizard is endemic to the Madeira Islands, Portugal, where it is abundant. There is also a small population in the port area of Lisbon, probably accidentally transported in ships carrying bananas, and first found in 1992; a study of 2001 found that the population has remained stable in size since its discovery.

The subspecies *Teira dugesii mauli* (Mertens, 1938) from the Desertas Islands now is a synonym of *Teira dugesii dugesii*. *Atlantolacerta andreanskyi* (Andreansky's lizard) from Morocco, and *Scelarcis perspicillata* (Menorca wall lizard) from Morocco, Algeria and Minorca, were in the genus *Teira* but now are in other genera.

The species *Teira dugessii* presents three subspecies:

## Food
Despite being essentially an insectivorous species, ripe fruits and berries (especially blackberries) are also part of their diet.

## Habitat
This species is generally found in arid areas where the vegetation is not dense. It may also occur in open woodland, areas with rocks and where crops are grown.

## References
## Other websites
* Animal Diversity Web: Teira dugesii
* Catalogue of Life 
* Teira dugessi| The Reptile Database
* Fauna Europea: Taxon Details 
* NCBI (Teira dugesii)
* uBio: Teira dugessi Milne-Edwards 1829