open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mark Harris (rugby league)

**Mark Walter Harris** (22 August 1947 – 15 January 2020) was an Australian professional rugby league player. He played as a centre. He played for the Eastern Suburbs (1970–79) and the North Sydney Bears (1980–81). He also played Canadian football for the Montreal Alouettes in the Canadian Football League. He was born in Brisbane, Queensland.

Harris died of throat cancer on 15 January 2020. He was 72.

## References
## Other websites
*Mark Harris at Rugby League Project
Rocky Johnson

**Rocky Johnson** (born **Wayde Douglas Bowles**; August 24, 1944 – January 15, 2020) was a Canadian professional wrestler and trainer. He was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia. In 2008, he was added to the WWE Hall of Fame.

During his wrestling career, he became a National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) Georgia Champion and a NWA Southern Heavyweight Memphis Champion. Along with his partner Tony Atlas, Johnson was a part of the first black tag team to win the World Tag Team championship in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1983.

He was the father of American actor and former professional wrestler Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson.

Johnson retired in 1991. He lived in Lutz, Florida. Johnson died of a pulmonary embolism on January 15, 2020 at the age of 75.

## References
Bobby Brown (footballer, born 1923)

**Robert Brown** (19 March 1923 – 15 January 2020) was a Scottish international football player and manager. He played as a goalkeeper for Queen's Park, Rangers and Falkirk and made five international appearances for Scotland. 

He managed St Johnstone at club level and the Scottish national team from 1967 to 1971. He was a member of the Scottish Football Hall of Fame.

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Manager 
**St Johnstone**
* Scottish Division Two: 1959–60, 1962–63

**Scotland**
* British Home Championship: 1966–67

## References
Centre County, Pennsylvania

**Centre County** is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,172. Its county seat is Bellefonte.

## References
Oreland, Pennsylvania

**Oreland** is a United States census-designated place (CDP) in Springfield and Upper Dublin townships. Oreland has a ZIP code of 19075, and the population was 6,210 at the 2020 census.

Oreland is located at  (40.114510, -75.179880).

## References
Goshen, New York

**Goshen** is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 13,687 at the 2020 census. The town is named after the land of Goshen. 

## References
Goshen (village), New York

**Goshen** is a village in and the county seat of Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 5,777 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area as well as the larger New York metropolitan area.

## References
West Point, New York

**West Point** is the oldest occupied military post in the United States. It is located on the Hudson River in New York, West Point.

It is made up of  including the campus of the United States Military Academy, which is commonly called "West Point".

It is a Census Designated Place (CDP) located in the Town of Highlands in Orange County, New York, located on the western bank of the Hudson River. The population was 7,341 at the 2020 census. 

## References
Highlands, New York

**Highlands** is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. It is officially known as the **Town of Highlands**. The population was 12,939 at the 2020 census.

## References
Zhao Zhongxiang

**Zhao Zhongxiang** (赵忠祥; January 16, 1942 &ndash; January 16, 2020) was a Chinese news anchor on the national news program *Xinwen Lianbo* and television host. He joined China Central Television in 1959. He was born in Hebei, China. Zhao hosted ''CCTV New Year's Gala''.

Zhao was diagnosed with liver cancer around December 2019. He died in Beijing on January 16, 2020 of the disease at the age of 78.

## References
Riley Keough

**Danielle Riley Keough** ( ; born May 29, 1989) is an American actress, model, and producer

## Early Life and Careers 
Riley was born on May 29, 1989 at Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, She is the eldest daughter of singer-songwriter Lisa Marie Presley and musician Danny Keough, and the eldest grandchild of Elvis Presley and actress and businesswoman Priscilla Presley.

Keough's father met her mother while performing as a bass guitarist in her mother's band. She had a biological brother, Benjamin Storm Keough, who died by suicide in July 2020. She has two half-sisters, twins Harper and Finley, from her mother's fourth marriage to Michael Lockwood. According to Keough, her father's ancestry is Irish and mostly Sephardic Jewish (Portuguese-Jewish) and Ashkenazi Jewish (Eastern European Jews), whereas her maternal grandfather, Elvis Presley, is allegedly of Creek, Cherokee, Scots-Irish, and Norman descent; Keough's maternal grandmother, Priscilla, is of part Norwegian descent.

She is the daughter of Lisa Marie Presley with Danny Keough and the eldest grandchild of Elvis and Priscilla Presley.

## References
Steve Adler (politician)

**Stephen Ira Adler** (born March 23, 1956) is an American lawyer and Democratic politician. He was the Mayor of Austin, Texas from January 6, 2015 to January 6, 2023.

Adler won reelection in 2018, getting 59% of the vote in a 7-way race.

## References
Carole Keeton Strayhorn

**Carole Keeton Strayhorn** (born **Carole Stewart Keeton**; September 13, 1939 &ndash; March 26, 2025), formerly known as  **Carole Keeton McClellan**, **Carole Keeton Rylander** and **Carole Keeton Strayhorn**, was an American politician. She was the first and so far only woman elected as mayor of Austin. She was elected in 1977 and left office in 1983.

Keeton died on March 26, 2025 in Austin, Texas at the age of 85.

## References
Frank C. Cooksey

**Frank Cloud Cooksey** (June 3, 1933 &ndash; December 15, 2025) was an American politician. He was mayor of Austin, Texas from 1985 to 1988.  He is also an environmental activist, and is known for his progressive stance during his term as a *Mayor*.

Cooksey died on December 15, 2025 after being hospitalized for a head injury caused by a fall at the age of 92.

## References
Cyril Wecht

**Cyril Harrison Wecht** (March 20, 1931 &ndash; May 13, 2024) was an American forensic pathologist. He was perhaps best known for his criticism of the Warren Commission's findings concerning the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

He was the president of both the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and the American College of Legal Medicine, and headed the board of trustees of the American Board of Legal Medicine. He was County Commissioner and Allegheny County Coroner and Medical Examiner serving Pittsburgh.

Wecht died on May 13, 2024, at the age of 93.

## References
Lutz, Florida

**Lutz**  is an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. It is fifteen miles north of Tampa. The northern part of Lutz also makes up a portion of south Pasco County. The population was 23,707 at the 2020 census.

## References
Waynesburg, Pennsylvania

**Waynesburg** is a borough in and the county seat of Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States, located about  south of Pittsburgh. Its population was 4,006 at the 2020 census.

## References
B-17 Bomber (video game)

***B-17 Bomber*** is a single-player video game that came out for Mattel's Intellivision console in 1982. The game came with the Intellivoice voice synthesis module, which is used to tell the player what enemies are doing off-screen.

## Gameplay
The aim of the game is to get points by attacking targets shown on a map with bombs. The map represented continental Europe and the seas around it. There are four categories of targets: Antiaircraft guns, airports, factories and ships.

## Reception
In 1983, Danny Goodman of *Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games* said that *B-17 Bomber* was his favorite game that used the Intellivoice, enjoying the voices and saying the game and others "made the voice an integral part of game play". *B-17 Bomber* was enjoyed very much, getting a Certificate of Merit in the category of "1984 Best Videogame Audio-Visual Effects (Less than 16K ROM)" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards.

## References
## Other websites
* B-17 Bomber at GameFAQs
Victor McGuire

**Victor McGuire** is an English actor, model, and television presenter. He is best known as Emma Amos in the BBC One comedy series sitcom *Goodnight Sweetheart* from 1993 to 2016.
Miranda House

**Miranda House** is a university college for women in New Delhi. Miranda House is affiliated with the University of Delhi. It was created in 1948.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Nadezhda Krupskaya

**Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya** (; 27 February 1939) was a Russian Bolshevik and the wife of Vladimir Lenin. Like her father, Krupskaya trained to be a teacher.

Krupskaya was born into a impoverished noble family.  Because she was poor herself, she had strong views about making life easier for the poor. At one Marxist discussion group, she met Lenin. Soon after their meeting, Lenin was  exiled to Siberia. Krupskaya was allowed to join him, on condition that they married. This could suggest a marriage of convenience, though they remained loyal. Following the 1917 Revolution, Krupskaya was at the forefront of the political scene. From 1922 to 1925, she was aligned with Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev against Trotsky's Left Opposition. Later,  she disagreed  with Stalin. She was deputy education commissar from 1929 to 1939. She had a  strong influence over the Soviet educational system and the development of Soviet librarianship.

## References 
*
Emma Amos

**Emma Amos** (born 18 August 1964) is an English actress. She played as Yvonne Sparrow in the last 2016 series time sitcom Goodnight Sweetheart, alongside Nicholas Lyndhurst and Michelle Holmes. She was born in Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire.

## Other websites 
*
Ninian Park

**Ninian Park** was a football stadium in Leckwith, Cardiff, Wales. It was the home ground of Cardiff City F.C. for 99 years. It was opened in 1910, and closed in 2009. At the time of the stadium's closing, it had a seating capacity of 21,508.

In July 2009, Cardiff City's new ground, Cardiff City Stadium, opened.

## References
Syrian Army

The **Syrian Army**, officially the **Syrian Arab Army** (**SAA**) (), is the land force branch of the Syrian Armed Forces. 
## Establishment
It started from local military forces created by France after World War I. These forces became one force in 1945, the year before Syria became independent.
## Politics
Since 1946, it has played a major role in Syria's politics. They did six military coups: two in 1949, including the March 1949 Syrian coup d'état and the August 1949 coup by Colonel Sami al-Hinnawi, and one each in 1954, 1963, 1966, and 1970. 
## Wars
It has fought four wars with Israel (1948, the Six-Day War in 1967, the October War of 1973, and 1982 in Lebanon) and one with Jordan (Black September in Jordan, 1970). An armored division was also sent to Saudi Arabia in 1990–91 during the Persian Gulf War, but it did not do much. From 1976 to 2005 it was the major pillar of the Syrian occupation of Lebanon. Within Syria, it played a major part in stopping the 1979–82 Islamist uprising in Syria. Since early 2011 has been fighting the Syrian Civil War.

## References
Alex Horne

**Alexander James Jeffrey Horne** (born 10 September 1978) is a British comedian and writer. Horne created Taskmaster with Greg Davies.

## References
Brookside

***Brookside*** is a British soap opera, set and shot in Liverpool, Merseyside, England. The series began on the launch night of Channel 4 on 2 November 1982 and ran for 21 years until 4 November 2003. Its cast included Dean Sullivan, Alex Fletcher, Anna Friel, Paul Usher, Sue Johnston, Claire Sweeney, Ricky Tomlinson, Ray Quinn and others.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Hollow Earth

's 1892 science-fiction novel *The Goddess of Atvatabar*]]

The **Hollow Earth** theory proposed that Earth is entirely or partially hollow.

Edmond Halley first suggested the theory in the late 17th century.  By around 1774, Charles Hutton had proven the theory false in his Schiehallion experiment.

Still, the theory was occasionally defended through the mid-19th century, notably by John Cleves Symmes Jr. and Jeremiah N. Reynolds. However, by that time, it was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis.

The concept of a hollow Earth still recurs in folklore and as the premise for subterranean fiction, and a subgenre of adventure fiction (*Journey to the Center of the Earth*, ''At the Earth's Core'').

Hollow Earth is also used in Godzilla vs. Kong as a major plot point.

## References
Stinson Beach, California

**Stinson Beach** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marin County, California. In 2020, 541 people lived there. It is 8 meters above sea level.

## References
Pete Brewster

**Darrel Burton** "**Pete**" **Brewster** (September 1, 1930 – January 3, 2020) was an American football player and coach. He played as a tight end. He played for the Cleveland Browns (1952–1958) and Pittsburgh Steelers (1959–1960). He was chosen for the Pro Bowl in 1955 and 1956. He was born in Portland, Indiana.

Brewster died in Belton, Missouri on January 3, 2020. He was 89.

## References
Liang Jun (tractor driver)

**Liang Jun** () (April 1930 — 14 January 2020) was a Chinese tractor driver. She became a folk hero and model worker in Communist China. She is on China's one yuan banknote. She also was a politician. She was celebrated for breaking down class and gender barriers.

## References
You (TV series)

***You*** is an American psychological thriller television series. It is developed by Greg Berlanti and Sera Gamble. The first season is based on the 2014 book *You* by Caroline Kepnes. The series stars Penn Badgley, Elizabeth Lail, Ambyr Childers, Victoria Pedretti, James Scully, Luca Padovan, Zach Cherry, Shay Mitchell, Jenna Ortega and Carmela Zumbado. The series first appeared on Lifetime. The series has been made by Netflix since the second season.

The first season follows Joe Goldberg, a New York bookstore manager and serial killer. He falls in love with a customer named Guinevere Beck and quickly develops an extreme obsession of her.

The first season of *You* aired in 2018. The second aired in 2019. The third season released in 2021. The fourth season released in 2023 and a fifth and final season confirmed by Netflix to premiere in 2024.

## References
## Other websites
*
Efraín Sánchez

**Efraín Elías Sánchez Casimiro** (26 February 1926 – 16 January 2020) was a Colombian footballer. He played as a goalkeeper.

Sánchez was born in Barranquilla. He played for the Colombia national team from 1947 to 1962. He captained his country at the 1962 FIFA World Cup in Chile. He played for many club sides including Medellín, San Lorenzo and Atlas. He won the Colombian league title three times during his career. After retiring as a player, Sánchez became a manager. He managed the Colombia national team during three spells (1963, 1975, 1983–1984).

Sánchez died in Bogotá on 16 January 2020. He was 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Belton, Missouri

**Belton** is a city in Cass County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 23,953.

## References
Helen Worth

**Cathryn Helen Wigglesworth**  (born 7 January 1951), better known as **Helen Worth**, is an English actress. She is known for playing Gail Platt in the long-running ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, a role that she has played continuously since July 1974. For her 40 years on the show she received an Outstanding Achievement in the 2014 British Soap Awards.

## Other websites
*
Magda al-Sabahi

**Magda al-Sabahi** (; 6 May 1931 – 16 January 2020) or **Magda**, was an Egyptian movie actress. She was known for her roles from 1949 to 1994. She was born in Tanta, Egypt. Her best known role was Jamila in ''Djamila l'Algérienne* (1958).

al-Sabahi died on 16 January 2020 in Cairo at the age of 88.

## Movies
* *El Naseh* (1949)
* *Ayna Omry* (1957)
* *Djamila l'Algérienne* (1958)
* *Hegret El Rasoul* (1964)
* *EL Omr Lahza'' (1978)

## References
Paolo Suárez

**Rodolfo Paolo Suárez Díaz** (born 6 Jun 1980) is a footballer from Montevideo. Suárez plays in the game as a midfielder.

## References
John Watkins (Australian cricketer)

**John Russell Watkins** (born 16 April 1943) is a former Australian cricketer. He was born in Newcastle, New South Wales. He played one Test for Australia, against Pakistan, in 1973.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jimin

**Jimin** or **Park Ji-min** (born October 13, 1995) is a member of the South Korean boy band, BTS. He is from Busan, South Korea but moved to Seoul to pursue his passion. He is the main dancer and the lead vocalist in BTS. He has performed solo work with BTS such as "Lie"(2016), “Serendipity"(2017), "Filter"(2020),"Set me free"(2023),  and outside of BTS "Promise"(2018) and "Christmas Love"(2020). Nicknames fans have given him are Mochi, Chimmy, Jimin-ssi, and Jiminie.

## Career
Jimin debuted as a member of BTS in 2013. He was in fact the last member to join the group.

He's the main dancer and lead vocalist of the group, and is well known for his unique voice and the way his dancing skills.

## References
John Watkins (South African cricketer)

**John Cecil Watkins** (10 April 1923 &ndash; 6 September 2021) was a South African cricketer. He was born in Durban, Natal. He played in fifteen Tests for South Africa from 1949 to 1957. His first Test was against Australia and his last was against England.

Watkins died on 6 September 2021 in Durban from COVID-19 at the age of 98.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ambyr Childers

**Ambyr C. Childers** (born July 18, 1988) is an American actress. On television, she is known for her roles as Susan Atkins in the NBC crime drama *Aquarius* (2015), Ashley Rucker in the Showtime crime drama *Ray Donovan* (2013–16) and Candace Stone in the Netflix thriller series *You* (2018–19). She also appeared as Colby Chandler in the soap opera *All My Children* (2006–08). She has acted in movies such as *All Things Fall Apart* (2011), *Playback* (2012), *The Master* (2012), Broken City (2013),*We Are What We Are (2013) and *Vice'' (2015).

Childers was born in Cottonwood, Arizona. She grew up in Murrieta, California. She was married to movie producer Randall Emmett from 2009 to 2017. The couple have two daughters.

## References
## Other websites
*
Emily Bishop

**Emily Bishop** (also **Nugent** and **Swain**; originally credited as **Miss Nugent**) is a fictional character in the British ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*. Portrayed by Eileen Derbyshire, the character is the longest-standing female character in the serial, having first appeared on-screen during an episode which aired on 21 December 1960, played by an uncredited walk on actress. From January onwards, she was played by Eileen Derbyshire. Derbyshire announced in November 2015 that she would be taking a retirement from the show and Emily departed on New Year's Day 2016 after 55 years on screen. It was announced on 9 August 2019 that Derbyshire had agreed to briefly reprise the role. She made a brief cameo on 9 October 2019 for Ken Barlow's (William Roache) 80th birthday celebration.
Philip J. Fry

**Philip J. Fry**, (born August 14, 1974) commonly known as **Fry**, is a fictional character and one of the main characters of the animated sitcom *Futurama*. He is voiced by Billy West using a version of his own voice as he sounded when he was 25.
## Character overview
Born likey in the 20th century in New York City, Fry is depicted as an unintelligent man-child in his 20s.

## References
Jack P. Shepherd

**Jack Peter Shepherd** (born 14 January 1988), known professionally by his stage name **Jack P. Shepherd**, is an English actor, know for his role as David Platt in the long-running ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, he has continued to play the role continuously since April 2000. He won the 2008 British Soap Award for Best Actor and the 2008 British Soap Award for Villain of the Year. In 2025, he won the twenty-fourth series of *Celebrity Big Brother*.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Praktica

**Praktica** was the brand name for a number of cameras, that were built by the state-owned company Kamera-Werke Niedersedlitz, and its predecessors.  Between 1949 and 2001, about 9 mililon cameras were made.

With the German reunification, the company was dissolved. The brand name was given to Carl Zeiss AG

## References
Astley Baker Davies

**Astley Baker Davies** is an English preschool children's animation company and studio based in London, England. owned by founders directors Neville Astley, Mark Baker and Phil Davies. It has produced television programmes such as Rubble & Crew, Paw Patrol, Peppa Pig and Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom. In 2015 it became part of Entertainment One. In 2023, the company became part of Hasbro's newly created division Hasbro Entertainment due to eOne's film and television assets being sold to Lionsgate later in the year.
Gladius

A ***gladius*** is a Roman short sword mainly used by gladiators and normal soldiers in Ancient Rome. It is Latin for "sword".

The Roman gladius came from the Celtiberians of Hispania, more specifically a sword used in the Second Punic War. When Rome won the Second Punic War, they adopted the gladius into the Roman army, which they adapted slightly to their needs for a soldier's sword.

After the military reforms of Gaius Marius during his consulships, the roman soldier was armed with a sword (gladius), a shield (scutum), two spears (pila), most of the time a dagger (pugio), and later in roman history, some throwing darts (plumbatae).

Roman soldiers in battle would throw pila to disrupt the enemy and make their shields usless, then go into close hand to hand fighting, in which the ***gladius*** was used.

You can read more about gladiators here.
Walter Hayman

**Walter Kurt Hayman** FRS (6 January 1926 &ndash; 1 January 2020) was a German-British mathematician. He was known for his works to complex analysis. He was Emeritus Professor at Imperial College London. Hayman was born in Cologne.

Hayman died on 1 January 2020 at the age of 93.

## References
Chris Gascoyne

**Christopher "Chris" Gascoyne** (born 31 January 1968) is an English actor, who is known for his role as the seventh Peter Barlow in the long-running ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (2000–2003, 2007–present). Gascoyne has been nominated for several accolades at the British Soap Awards for his portrayal of Peter Barlow.

## Early life
Gascoyne was born on 31 January 1968 in Huthwaite, Nottinghamshire to Marian and Derrick Gascoyne.
He attended Ashfield School, Kirkby in Ashfield. Gascoyne trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama.

## Personal life
Gascoyne lives in Chorlton, Manchester with his wife, actress Caroline Harding. They have three children.

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
*
Rocky De La Fuente 2020 presidential campaign

On May 16, 2019 De La Fuente officially declared that he is seeking the Republican nomination for president in the 2020 United States presidential election.

In January 2017, De La Fuente stated in a court filing that he planned to again seek the Democratic Party nomination in the 2020 presidential election. He has filed to run as a Republican instead challenging incumbent President Donald Trump for the nomination. 

As of September 30, 2019, he had raised $6,735 from outside sources and had loaned his own campaign $10.18 million. 

During the run-up to the primaries, Libertarian Party chairman Nicholas Sarwark said that De La Fuente run for his party's nomination, an option which De La Fuente is thinking about.

## References
Kotaro Suzumura

was a Japanese economist and professor emeritus of Hitotsubashi University. He graduated from Hitotsubashi University in 1966.  

His research interests were in social choice theory and welfare economics. He was also a Fellow of the Econometric Society. He was born in Tokoname, Aichi, Japan.

## References
500 (number)

**Five hundred** (**500**) is the natural number after 499 and before 501. In Roman numerals, 500 is written as D.

## Examples
*an HTTP status code for Internal Server Error
*in numerology, 500 is believed to be an angel number. Most common versions include 515 and 555. 
*the years AD 500, 500 BC. 

## References
Lyman Beecher

**Lyman Beecher** (October 12, 1775 – January 10, 1863) was an important minister during the Second Great Awakening.  He was a Presbyterian minister.  He was also a co-founder of the American Temperance Society. He had 13 children, many of whom became notable people, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Catharine Beecher and Thomas K. Beecher.

His son Henry Ward Beecher said that his father was "largely engaged during his life-time in controversy" (meaning that he was a controversial person).

## References
Square root of 2

of a right triangle with legs of length 1]]
The **square root of 2**, or the (1/2)th power of 2, written in mathematics as \sqrt{2} or 2^{1/2}, is the positive irrational number that, when multiplied by itself, equals the number 2. To be more correct, it is called the **principal square root of 2**, to tell it apart from the negative square root of 2 (-\sqrt{2}), which would also equal 2 if multiplied by itself.

Geometrically, the square root of 2 is the length of a diagonal across a square with sides with a length of one; this can be found with the Pythagorean theorem. Because of that, it is also called the Pythagoras's constant.

## Proof that the square root of 2 is not rational 
The number \sqrt{2} is not rational. Here is the proof.

# Assume that \sqrt{2} is rational. So there are some numbers a, b such that a/b=\sqrt{2}.
# We can choose *a* and *b* so that either *a* or *b* is odd. If *a* and *b* were both even, then the fraction could be simplified (for example, instead of writing \tfrac{2}{4}, we could write \tfrac{1}{2} instead).
# If both sides of the equation are squared, then we get *a*2 / *b*2 = 2 and *a*2 = 2 *b*2.
# The right side is 2b^2. This number is even. So the left side must be even too, which means that a^2 is even. If an odd number is squared, then an odd number will be the result. And if an even number is squared, an even number would be the result too. So a is even.
# Because *a* is even, it can be written as: a=2k.
# The equation from the step 3 is used. We get 2*b*2 = (2*k*)2
# An exponentiation rule can be used (see the article) – the result is 2b^2=4k^2.
# Both sides are divided by 2. So b^2=2k^2. This means that b is even.
# In step 2, we said that *a* is odd or *b* is odd. But in step 4, it was said that *a* is even, and in step 7, it was said that *b* is even. If the assumption we made in step 1 is true, then all these other things have to be true, but since they disagree with each other they can not all be true; that means that our assumption is not true. 

Therefore, it is not true that \sqrt{2} is a rational number. So \sqrt{2} must be irrational.

## Related pages 
* Imaginary unit
* Mathematical constant
* Methods of computing square roots
* nth root
* Square number

## References
Sue Nicholls

**Susan Frances Harmar Nicholls** (born 23 November 1943) is an English actress, known for her roles on the British television programmes *Crossroads* (1964–1968), *The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin* (1976–1979), *Rentaghost* (1981–1984), and her long-running role as Audrey Roberts in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (1979–1982, 1984–present). She also appeared on Broadway in the 1974 revival of the comedy *London Assurance*.
  
Nicholls first appeared as Audrey in *Coronation Street* in 1979 and played the role on a recurring basis for six years, before she joined the cast permanently in 1985. She won the 2000 British Soap Award for Best Comedy Performance, the 2003 British Soap Award for Best Dramatic Performance, and received the Outstanding Achievement Award in 2019.

## Other websites
*
Terence Hallinan

**Terence Hallinan** (December 4, 1936 – January 17, 2020) was an American attorney and politician. He was born in San Francisco, California. He was the 26th District Attorney of San Francisco from 1996 through 2004. Hallinan was defeated in the next election for DA by Kamala Harris. Hallinan was a member of the Democratic Party. 

Hallinan died on January 17, 2020 in San Francisco at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
* Zamora, Jim Herron. *HALLINAN: A man at odds with authority* . San Francisco Chronicle. Published Wednesday, December 10, 2003. Accessed May 29, 2006.
Khagendra Thapa Magar

**Khagendra Thapa Magar** () (4 October 1992 — 17 January 2020) was a Nepali man. He was the former shortest man in the world, measuring . Magar, who was a primordial dwarf, won the title of shortest man from Edward Niño Hernández when he turned 18 on 14 October 2010. He lost the title in June 2011 to Junrey Balawing of the Philippines.

Magar died in a Pokhara hospital on 17 January 2020 of pneumonia, aged 27.

## References
Morimichi Takagi

was a professional Japanese baseball player. He was known for his long career with the Chunichi Dragons. He was born in Gifu, Gifu, Japan. Takagi played for the Dragons between 1960 to 1980. In 2006, he was added to the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame.

Takagi died on January 17, 2020 of heart failure at the age of 78.

## References
Rahşan Ecevit

**Rahşan Ecevit** (*née* **Aral**; 17 December 1923 – 17 January 2020) was a Turkish politician. She was the widow of Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit. She was the founder of the Democratic Left People's Party. From 1985 through 1987, she was the party's leader. In 2010, she was the party's chairman. Ecevit was born in Bursa, Turkey.

Ecevit died on 17 January 2020 at the age of 96.

## References
Die casting

with aluminium and magnesium die castings]]
**Die casting** is a type of metal casting that forces molten metal into the empty space of the mold. The mold is made by using two hardened tool steel dies which are machined into shape. These work like an injection mold.

Most die castings are made from non-ferrous metals (meaning they do not have iron). These metals are  zinc, copper, aluminium, magnesium, lead, pewter, and tin-based alloys. Depending on what type of metal is being cast, a hot- or cold-chamber machine is used.

The casting equipment and the metal dies are expensive. This means it is used only on things that need to be made a large number of times. It is simple to make things using die casting, and it has only four main steps. This helps keep the cost of the items lower. Die casting works well for many small- to medium-sized castings, which is why it is used to make more castings than any other casting process. Die castings have a very good surface finish (compared to other types of casting) and consistent sizes.
## References
Thayer, Missouri

**Thayer** is a city in Oregon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,883 at the 2020 census. 

## References
Alton, Missouri

**Alton** is the county seat of Oregon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 707 at the 2020 census.

## References
Appeasement

Neville Chamberlain greeted by Adolf Hitler at the beginning of the Bad Godesberg meeting on 24 September 1938. Hitler wanted the annexation of Czechoslovak border areas with Germans without delay.]]

**Appeasement** is a diplomatic policy of meeting political demands to a possibly-aggressive power to avoid conflict.

The term was used especially for the foreign policy of the British governments of Prime Ministers Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain towards Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy between 1935 and 1939. It was supported by most people there and in France, most notably under Édouard Daladier, because people feared another world war.

## Related pages
*Détente

## References
Chadds Ford Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania

**Chadds Ford Township** is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. It is about  southwest of Philadelphia. As of the 2020 census, Chadds Ford Township had a population of 3,972.

## References
Chester Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania

**Chester Township** is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,080 at the 2020 census.

## References
Hannah John-Kamen

**Hannah Dominique E. John-Kamen** (born 7 September 1989) is a British actress. She is known for her roles as Dutch in the Syfy television series *Killjoys*, Ornela in the HBO series *Game of Thrones*, F'Nale Zandor in Steven Spielberg's *Ready Player One*, and Ghost in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie *Ant-Man and the Wasp*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Walter Sickert

, 1911]]

**Walter Richard Sickert** (31 May 1860 – 22 January 1942) was a German-British painter and printmaker. He was a member of the Camden Town Group of Post-Impressionist artists in early 20th-century London. He was an important influence on British styles of avant-garde art in the mid- and late 20th century. His works were often about Jack the Ripper, which led some to believe he might have been the actual killer.

## References
Patricia Cornwell

**Patricia Cornwell** (born **Patricia Carroll Daniels**; June 9, 1956) is an American crime writer. She is known for her best-selling novels about  medical examiner Kay Scarpetta solving murders in Richmond, Virginia. Cornwell is also known for leading the new research into the Jack the Ripper killings. Her books have sold more than 100 million copies.

## References
Peggy Whitson

**Peggy Annette Whitson** (born February 9, 1960) is an American biochemistry researcher, retired NASA astronaut, and former NASA Chief Astronaut. 

Her first space mission was in 2002, with an extended stay aboard the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 5.

Her fourth space flight started in May 2023. She is commander on the Ax-2 flight. That flight uses a SpaceX Dragon 2 spacecraft. It is contracted to Axiom Space (a company).

## References
Port Isabel, Texas

**Port Isabel** is a city in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,028 at the 2020 census.

## References
David Glass

**David Dayne Glass** (September 2, 1935 &ndash; January 9, 2020) was an American businessman. He was born in Oregon County, Missouri. He was the President and chief executive officer of Walmart from 1988 through 2000. He was also the Kansas City Royals.

In August 2019, Glass agreed to sell the Kansas City Royals to Cleveland Indians vice chairman John Sherman.

Glass died of complications from pneumonia in Bentonville, Arkansas on January 9, 2020 at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*Kansas City Royals' front office 
*
*NBC *Dateline* story at PBS *Frontline*
Dean Kamen

**Dean Lawrence Kamen** (born April 5, 1951) is an American engineer, inventor, and businessman. He is known for inventing the Segway and founding the non-profit organization FIRST with Woodie Flowers.

## Career
 and Kamen in the White House, Kamen riding the iBOT Mobility System]]

### Inventions
Kamen is best known for inventing the product that eventually became known as the Segway PT. It is an electric, self-balancing vehicle. The device is balanced on two parallel wheels and is controlled by moving body weight. The machine had a lot of attention after parts of a book quoting Steve Jobs and other notable IT inventors talking about its revolutionary potential were leaked in December 2001.

Kamen was already a successful inventor: his company *Auto Syringe* manufactures and markets the first drug infusion pump. His company DEKA also holds patents for the technology used in portable dialysis machines, an insulin pump (based on the drug infusion pump technology), and an all-terrain electric wheelchair known as the iBOT, using many of the same balancing technologies that were later used on the Segway.

Kamen has worked a lot on a project involving Stirling engine designs. It tries to create two machines: one that would generate power, and the Slingshot that would be a water purification system.  He hopes the project will help improve living standards in developing countries. Kamen has a patent on his water purifier, and other patents pending. In 2014, the film *SlingShot* was released, which showed Kamen's quest to use his machine to fix the world's water crisis.

Kamen is also the co-inventor of a compressed air device that would launch a human into the air. This would be used to quickly launch SWAT teams or other emergency workers to the roofs of tall, hard-to-reach buildings.

In 2009 Kamen stated that his company DEKA was now working on solar powered inventions.

### FIRST
In 1989, Kamen founded FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), a program for students to get people interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). One competition started and run by FIRST is the FRC or FIRST Robotics Competition. In 2017, FIRST chose to host two international competitions, one in St. Louis, Missouri, and another in Houston, Texas, each a week apart. From 2018 to 2020, it will be held in Detroit, Michigan, instead of St. Louis, Missouri.

FIRST has many robotics programs for students in grades K-12, including FLL JR. (FIRST Lego League Jr.) for younger elementary school students, FLL (FIRST Lego League) for older elementary school and middle school students, FTC (FIRST Tech Challenge) for middle and high school students, and FRC (FIRST Robotics Competition) for high school students. In 2017, FIRST held the inaugural event of its first olympics-style competition – FGC (FIRST Global Challenge) – in Washington, D.C.  

Kamen says that FIRST is the invention he is most proud of. He predicts that the 1 million students who have taken part in the contests so far will create important inventions in the future.

## References
R. Sathyanarayana

**Mahamahopadhyaya Dr R. Sathyanarayana** (9 May 1927 – 16 January 2020) was an Indian musicologist and dance teacher. He was born in Mysore, India. In 2018, Sathyanarayana received the Padma Shri. Between 1949 and 1984, he taught chemistry at the Sarada Vilas College, and also taught Karnataka music. He was the President of the Indian Music Congress.

## References
Encoder

**Encoder** may refer to:

## Electronic circuits
* Audio encoder, converts audio from digital to analog
* Video encoder, converts video from digital to analog
* Simple encoder
* Priority encoder
* 8b/10b encoder

## Media compression
* Compressor, encodes data (such as audio/video/images) into a smaller size (see codec)

## Sensors 
* Encoder (position)
** Rotary encoder, converts rotating position to electronic signals
** Linear encoder, converts straight position to electronic signals
** Absolute encoder
** Incremental encoder, converts position changes to electronic signals in real time
* Altitude encoder

## Related pages
* Decoder (disambiguation)
Woodie Flowers

]]
**Woodie Claude Flowers** (November 18, 1943 – October 11, 2019) was a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He worked on engineering design and product development. He also held the Pappalardo Professorship and was a MacVicar Faculty Fellow.

## Biography
Flowers was born in Jena, Louisiana on November 18, 1943. He was named after his grandfathers Woodie and Claude. His father, Abe Flowers, was a welder and inventor. His mother, Bertie Graham, was an elementary-school and special education teacher. As a boy, he showed mechanical aptitude like his father, Abe, and he earned the rank of Eagle Scout. When he was seventeen, he and four friends were driving on Louisiana Highway 127 when they were hit head-on by another vehicle that was traveling at about . The accident killed two people in Flowers' vehicle and one in the other. It made him believe what he called "genetic opposition to violence" and created his "fierce, vocal loathing of any spectacle that involves crashing pieces of machinery into each other with deliberate force."

Flowers went to Louisiana Polytechnic Institute and graduated with his B.S. in 1966. His thesis, called "A man-interactive simulator system for above-knee prosthetics studies," was on a robot-like prosthetic knee inspired by Mann's Boston Arm.

After receiving his doctorate (Ph.D.), Flowers began as an assistant professor at MIT. He worked with Herb Richardson on the "Introduction to Design and Manufacturing" class. until 1993 when he was replaced by Alan Alda. In 1990, Flowers began working with Dean Kamen on FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), a project to promote science and technology. Taking parts from 2.70, they created the FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC) in 1992. Flowers brought the phrase "gracious professionalism" to FIRST, an idea which has since become very important in FIRST rules and culture. Flowers served every year as National Advisor to FIRST. He was active at FIRST events, working as an MC and treated along with Kamen "like heroes."

At the 2017 VEX Robotics World Championship, Woodie Flowers was inducted into the STEM Hall of Fame.

Flowers was a "Distinguished Partner" at Olin College, a member of the National Academy of Engineering, and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2007, he received a degree *honoris causa* from Chilean university Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello. He died on October 11, 2019, in Massachusetts following complications from aorta surgery.

### FRC Woodie Flowers Award
In 1996, the FIRST Robotics Competition created the Woodie Flowers award, which was given to Flowers that year.

## Notes
## References
### Works cited
*

## Other websites
*Personal page at MIT
*Olin faculty information page on Flowers
Abuse of power

**Abuse of power** is the act of taking advantage of one's high authority in order to control what other people with lower authority are able to do. Abuse of power is often associated with corruption. Often, presidents are charged with abuse of power because they pressure all of the less powerful politicians into doing things that the other politicians disagree with. Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, was impeached on December 2019 because of a scandal where he agreed with Ukraine to manipulate the 2020 presidential election in exchange for foreign aid.

## References
Rotary encoder

A **rotary encoder** is a device that can keep track of how much something has turned. This is called its angular position. That information is useful to know how far a motor has turned, for example. 

Rotary encoders are often used in manufacturing and robotics. This is because they need things to be measured and controlled very accurately.

## Basic types
### Absolute
An **absolute encoder** always keeps track of what value its on, even if it isn't powered.

### Incremental
An **incremental encoder** only keeps track of changes. It gives off signals if it is turned one way or another.
Pepe the Frog

.]]
**Pepe the Frog** is an internet meme. He is an anthropomorphic green frog who had originated in a comic by Matt Furie called ''Boy's Club''. He appears in many different types of popular memes on the internet. By 2015, he is the most popular meme in 4chan and Tumblr.

He is also used as a symbol of the alt-right movement. However, Pepe's creator didn't like it that Pepe the Frog is being used as a hate symbol, and he will sue any organization who uses Pepe as a hate symbol.

## References
Cease and desist

A **cease and desist** letter is a document sent to an individual or business to stop attempted illegal activity ("cease") and not to restart it ("desist"). The letter may warn to the individual or business that if they do not stop certain behaviour by deadlines set in the letter, then that individual or business may be sued. The same letter may also warn the individual or business to take specified actions in order to avoid being sued. it is called a "cease and desist order".

Although cease and desist letters are not exclusively used for stopping copyright infringement, such letters are also used to protect other issues related to intellectual property. A company owning a trademark may send such letter to them that they are doing trademark infringement, although the actual use of the trademark by the offending group may fall under a fair use exception (which follows, in the U.S., the protection of free speech under the First Amendment).

## Related pages
* *Abmahnung*, the equivalent of a cease and desist letter in German and Austrian law
* Clameur de haro
* Demand letter
* Legal threat
* Lumen (formerly known as Chilling Effects), a collaborative archive to protect lawful online activity from legal threats such as cease and desist letters
* Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act
* Strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP)

## References
Khatib MRT station

**Khatib MRT station (NS14)** is an  Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South line in Yishun, Singapore.

The section of tracks between this station and Yio Chu Kang MRT station is the longest between any two stations on the North South line.

## History
The station was previously named Nee Soon South. It was renamed to Khatib in January 1987 along with Yishun MRT station which was initially named Nee Soon. In 1990, a power failure which occurred at Yishun station affected services at this station.

In 2002, lift upgrading commenced at this station and was completed on 10 January 2003.

Installation of the half-height screen doors started and operations commenced on 30 September 2011. The station was installed with high-volume low-speed fans and the fans started running since 28 August 2012.

## Related pages
*Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

## References
## Other websites
*
Kate Ford

**Kate Ford** (born 29 December 1976) is an English actress, known for portraying the role of Tracy Barlow on the long-running ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* from 2002 to 2007, and 2010 onwards. Ford was born and raised in Salford District, Greater Manchester, England.

## Other websites
*
I²C

**I²C** (**Inter-Integrated Circuit**), pronounced *I-squared-C*, is a kind of computer bus for connecting integrated circuits and processors. It was invented in 1982 by Philips Semiconductor (which is now NXP Semiconductors).
Nikolai Tsymbal

**Nikolai Andreyevich Tsymbal** (; 20 January 1925 &ndash; 15 January 2020) was an officer of the Soviet Armed Forces. He worked in the force's political branch and reached the rank of . He was deputy head of the Gagarin Air Force Academy. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and the Order of Friendship.

## References
Greg Davies

**Gregory Daniel Davies** (born 14 May 1968) is a British stand-up comedian and actor. He is best known for his roles as Greg in *We Are Klang*, Mr Gilbert in *The Inbetweeners*, Ken Thompson in *Cuckoo*, the Taskmaster in *Taskmaster* and Dan Davies in *Man Down*. He has made guest appearances in panel shows such as *Mock the Week* and *Would I Lie to You?*.

For his role in *Cuckoo*, Davies was  for the BAFTA Television Award for Best Male Comedy Performance in 2013.

Davies was born in St Asaph, Denbighshire, Wales. He grew up in Wem, Shropshire, England. Davies is noted for his height, standing  tall.

## Other websites
*
Bobby Kay

**Romeo Cormier** (5 January 1950 – 17 January 2020) was a Canadian professional wrestler. He was best known by the ring name **Bobby Kay**. He was a member of the Cormier wrestling family, a group of four brothers who were all successful professional wrestlers. 

He worked in Canada and the United States from 1967 to the mid-1980s. He owned and operated part of the Eastern Sports Association. After retiring from wrestling, he performed country music professionally before taking a job with Loblaws.

## References
Ashwini Kumar Chopra

**Ashwini Kumar Chopra** (11 June 1956 &ndash; 18 January 2020) was an Indian politician, cricketer and journalist. He was born in Jalandhar. Chopra was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was a member of the Lok Sabha from 2014 through 2019. As a journalist, he worked for *Punjab Kesari*.

Chopra played first-class cricket for five seasons from 1975/76 to 1979/80, when he was known as **Ashwini Minna**. He was a right arm leg break bowler, and made 25 appearances for Punjab.

Chopra died of cancer on 18 January 2020 in Gurgaon, Haryana. He was 63.

## References