open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dick Scobee

**Francis Richard "Dick" Scobee** (May 19, 1939 - January 28, 1986) was an American astronaut. He was flying as the commander of Space Shuttle *Challenger* when the shuttle exploded. In the explosion, Scobee and six other astronauts were killed. 

Scobee was selected for NASA's astronaut program in January 1978 and he completed his training in August 1979. In April 1984, Scobee piloted the *Challenger* mission STS-41-C, which successfully deployed one satellite and repaired another. 

## *Challenger* STS-51-L
He was elevated to the role of spacecraft commander for the STS-51-L mission (*Challenger* mission). The mission was designed to deploy a satellite to study the approaching Halley's Comet and to inaugurate the Teacher in Space Project. It was delayed several times due to bad weather and technical glitches. When they did the mission, an O-ring seal failure destroyed the shuttle 73 seconds into the flight, killing Scobee and the other six members of the crew; the tragedy was viewed live on national television and prompted several days of national mourning.

## Personal life
Scobee is survived by his wife Virginia June Kent, and two children, Kathie R. (Scobee) Fulgham and Lieutenant General Richard W. Scobee, USAF.

## Other websites
*Scobee's bio at NASA
Scottish Lowlands

The **Scottish Lowlands** is the part of Scotland not referred to as the Highlands.

That is everywhere south and east of the Highland Boundary Fault, between Stonehaven and Helensburgh (on the Firth of Clyde). 

Geographically, Scotland Lowlands are divided into two distinct areas: the **Central Lowlands**, and the **Southern Uplands**. 

The southernmost counties of Scotland, nearest the border with England, are also known as the Borders. 

## Central Lowlands 
The **Central Lowlands** or **Midland Valley** is a geologically defined area of relatively low-lying  land in southern Scotland. It consists of a rift valley between the Highland Boundary Fault to the north and the Southern Uplands Fault to the south. The Central Lowlands are one of the three main geographical sub-divisions of Scotland, the other two being the Highlands and Islands which lie to the north and west and the Southern Uplands, which lie south of the second fault line.

### Human geography 
The Midland Valley has fertile low-lying agricultural land and significant deposits of valuable coal and iron have led to the Central Lowlands being much more densely populated than the rest of Scotland. 

The major cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Stirling and Dundee all lie in the Central Lowlands, and over half of Scotland's population lives in this region.

## Southern Uplands 
The **Southern Uplands** is the least populated of mainland Scotland's three major geographic areas. They lie south of the Southern Uplands Fault line that runs from Ballantrae on the Ayrshire coast northeastwards to Dunbar in East Lothian on the North Sea coast, a distance of some . The term is used both to describe the geographical region and to collectively denote the various ranges of hills within this region.

### Southern Uplands Fault 
**The Southern Uplands Fault**  in Scotland is a fault that runs from Girvan (or more specifically from the Rhins of Galloway) to Dunbar on the East coast. It marks the southern boundary of the Scottish Midland Valley.

## References
Grampian Mountains

The **Grampian Mountains** or **Grampians**  are one of the three major mountain ranges in Scotland, occupying a considerable portion of the Scottish Highlands in northeast Scotland. They occupy almost half the land-area of Scotland.

The Grampians extend southwest to northeast between the Highland Boundary Fault (south) and the Great Glen (north). This includes the Cairngorms and the Lochaber hills. The range includes Ben Nevis (the highest point in the British Isles at 1,344 metres above sea level) and Ben Macdui (the second highest at 1,309 metres).

The mountains are composed of granite, and metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, marble, schists and quartzite. The other major mountain ranges in Scotland are the Northwest Highlands and the Southern Uplands.

In the Grampian Mountains, wild haggis are believed to inhabit the most rugged and inaccessible areas of this majestic range. Known for their adaptability to steep slopes and rocky terrain, wild haggis are said to favor regions characterized by dense heather, scattered woodlands, and craggy peaks. They are often rumored to make their homes in hidden burrows among the rocky outcrops, where they find shelter from the elements and evade detection. Sightings of these elusive creatures are rare, but poaching of these illusive creatives occur to source haggis. 

## References
Caper

The **caper** (*Capparis spinosa*), is a perennial winter-deciduous species that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and big white to pinkish-white flowers. A caper is also the pickled bud of this plant. Caper bush is present in almost all the countries and is included in the floristic composition of most of them but whether it is indigenous to this region is uncertain. Although the flora of the Mediterranean region has considerable endemism, the caper bush could have originated in the tropics, and later been naturalized to the Mediterranean basin.
Exposé (group)

**Exposé** is an American pop-rock group. The group was formed in 1984. Members of the group included Ann Curless, Jeanette Jurado and Gioia Bruno. They had success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Exposé are the first music group to have four top 10 hit songs on the *Billboard* Hot 100. The group have had over 25 million records worldwide.

## Albums 
* Exposure (1987)
* What You Don't Know (1989)
* Exposé (1992)
Titan stick insect

The **Titan stick insect** is one of the largest stick insects in Australia. The scientific name is ***Acrophylla titan***. It has a brown body with spikes on its neck. The Titan stick insect can reach up to  in length. It takes the form of a stick as a  to predators.

The Titan stick insect can be found in two states of Australia; Queensland and New South Wales.

The Titan Stick insect reproduces through sexual reproduction and lay eggs that hatch.

## References
Scottish Highlands

The **Scottish Highlands** is a historic region of Scotland. It is the area to the north of the Highland Boundary Fault. The fault separates the hard igneous and metamorphic rocks to the north from the softer sedimentary rocks of the Scottish Lowlands in the south. 

The Highlands are divided in two parts. The Great Glen divides the Grampian Mountains to the southeast from the Northwest Highlands.

## Population 
The area is generally sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges, and includes the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis. 

Before the 19th century the Highlands was home to a larger population but, for several reasons, the area is now one of the most sparsely populated in Europe. The average population density in the Highlands and Islands is lower than that of Sweden, Norway, Papua New Guinea and Argentina.

The reasons for the low population include the harsh nature of the land. Also, the outlawing of the traditional Highland way of life after the Jacobite Rising of 1745, the infamous Highland Clearances, and mass migration to urban areas during the Industrial Revolution all had their effects.

People from this region are traditionally called highlanders.

## Religion 
Like the Scottish islands, the Highlands are a stronghold of Protestant churches. There is the Kirk (the national Presbyterian Church of Scotland), but the Wee Frees (Free Church of Scotland, several versions) are the typical religion of the Highlands and Islands. Old-style observance of the Sabbath is typical of these areas. 

## Wild Haggis 
The wild haggis (Haggis scoticus) is a legendary creature purported to inhabit the Scottish Highlands. It features prominently in Scottish folklore and cultural lore. Described as a small, shaggy animal with asymmetrical legs, it is said to navigate the rugged terrain of the Highlands. While sightings are rare, the wild haggis symbolizes Scotland's rugged landscape and resilience. It inspires literature, culinary traditions, and serves as a cultural emblem. Efforts to preserve Highland habitats indirectly support any potential wild haggis populations, ensuring its mythical presence endures. It is the source of haggis, leading to poaching and murder.
Bay laurel

The **bay laurel** (*Laurus nobilis*, of the Lauraceae family) is also known as **sweet bay**, **bay tree**, **true laurel**, **Grecian laurel**, **laurel lree**, or simply **laurel**.

It is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub with green, glossy leaves. It is native to the Mediterranean region. Bay leaves used in cooking come from the bay laurel.
Physique

era.]]

**Physique** is the makeup (build, constitution, figure, form, shape) of a person's body. Constitution or body type refer to a number of classification systems used to empirically or theoretically classify the body shape of human individuals.

## Related pages
*Bodybuilding
*Obesity
*Physical attractiveness
*Physical fitness
*Underweight

## References
Marilu Henner

**Mary Lucy Denise Henner** (born April 6, 1952), better known as **Marilu Henner**, is an American actress, author and producer. She is best known for her role in the television sitcom *Taxi*. Henner was born in Chicago.

Henner has been a contestant in two seasons of *The Celebrity Apprentice*. She was married to actor Frederic Forrest.

## Other websites 
*
Eino Tamberg

**Eino Tamberg** (May 27 1930— December 24 2010) was a composer and musician from Estonia. He was famous for the variety of works he wrote including symphonies, concertos, operas and ballets. he was a student of the Tallinn Conservatory, where he later taught composition.

He was given many awards including:
* Winner of the World Youth and Student Festival Competition, Moscow, 1957
* Soviet Estonia Prize 1967
* Annual Prize of the Endowment for Music of the Cultural Endowment of Estonia 1998 and 2002

## Works
These are some of the works written by Tamberg:
* Concerto Grosso (1957)
* Cyrano de Bergerac, opera, 1974
* Journey for Strings, 1990
* Music for Five, 1993
* Symphony No.4, 1998
* Trumpet Concerto No. 2, 1999
* Flute Concerto, 2003

## References
Andean condor

The **Andean condor** (*Vultur gryphus*), is a vulture-like bird species found in the Andes mountains and adjacent Pacific coasts of western South America. It is the largest flying land bird in the Western Hemisphere and the heaviest member of the order Accipitriformes. The condor is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carrion, and belongs to the New World vulture.

Although about 5&nbsp;cm shorter (beak to tail) on average than the California condor, the Andean condor is undoubtedly larger in wingspan: 108-122 in (274–310&nbsp;cm). It is also heavier: up to 24-33&nbsp;lb (11–15&nbsp;kg) for males and 16-24&nbsp;lb (7.5–11&nbsp;kg) for females. Overall length can range from 46 to 53&nbsp;inches (117 to 135&nbsp;cm). Measurements are usually taken from specimens reared in captivity.
Danny Woodhead

**Danny Woodhead** (born January 25, 1985 in North Platte, Nebraska) is an American football  running back for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). Woodhead made his NFL debut with the New York Jets in 2008 and was signed by the New England Patriots on September 18, 2010.

## Other websites
* Danny Woodhead at nfl.com
Black vulture

The **black vulture** (*Coragyps atratus*), also known as the **American black vulture**, is a bird in the New World vulture family.

Its range is from the southeastern United States to Central Chile and Uruguay in South America. It is a common and widespread species, but less so than the turkey vulture, which breeds well into Canada and south to Tierra del Fuego. Despite the similar name and appearance, this species is unrelated to the Eurasian black vulture.
Mark Dayton

**Mark Dayton** (born January 26, 1947) is an American politician. He was the 40th Governor of Minnesota from 2011 to 2019. He was the United States Senator from Minnesota 2001 to 2007. He is a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. He ran for Governor in 1998, but lost the nomination to Skip Humphrey.

In January 2017, Dayton was diagnosed with prostate cancer.

## References
Daryn Colledge

**Daryn Colledge** (born February 11, 1982 in Fairbanks, Alaska) is an American football guard.

Colledge won Super Bowl XLV in 2011 with the Packers.

## Websites
*Daryn Colledge at nfl.com
Welcome to Paradise

**Welcome to Paradise** is a song by rock band Green Day. It first appeared on their second album *Kerplunk* in 1992. A new version appeared on the album *Dookie* in 1994.

## Song meaning
The song is about young people moving out of their parents' home.

The song was written by Billie Joe Armstrong.

## Music video
The music video shows Billie Joe (Green Day's singer) playing a West Oakland citizen who watches a dangerous notoriety caused by a group of thugs then he goes home to watch the citizens and what they do each day.

## Differences between *Kerplunk* and *Dookie* version
The *Kerplunk* version has a slower sound and the *Dookie* version is more fast-paced and also both versions have slightly different lyrics. The original version of the song from *Kerplunk* was not a single but the *Dookie* version was.

The album cover for *Dookie* in fact, shows a comedic depiction of chaos happening in West Oakland.

In the booklet for the *Dookie* album a cartoonish drawing in West Oakland is shown.

## References
CP violation

**CP Violation** is the way that nature breaks the laws that say that when you change a system by C symmetry or P symmetry then some descriptions of the system should stay the same before and after the change. The 'violation' is that they don't stay the same and the amounts are not conserved.  CP symmetry says that the laws of physics should act the same on a particle and on its antiparticle (Charge conjugation symmetry) and if it was also turned around like in a mirror (P symmetry). 
The 1964 Nobel Prize was given to James Cronin and Val Fitch for finding CP violation in the way neutral kaons decay.
Charge conjugation

**Charge conjugation** describes a type of symmetry of nature.  To perform a charge conjugation, one would exchange all particles with their corresponding antiparticles.  This action would create a physical system where everything would be the same except the electromagnetic charge would be reversed.

For example, one could make an antihydrogen atom with an antiproton and an antielectron (called a positron).  This would result in an atom with a negatively charged nucleus orbited by a positively charged positron.  The total mass of this antihydrogen atom would be the same as a regular hydrogen atom.  If the behavior of the system remains unchanged after charge conjugation, the system is said to be symmetric with respect to charge conjugation.  This symmetry is also known as "C-symmetry."

Some interactions in the weak force have been shown to violate charge conjugation. This means the weak force is unlike the other fundamental forces. It treats particles and antiparticles differently. 

## References
Bizzar

***Bizzar*** is the seventh studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It is the second half of the *Bizaar Bizzar* double album. It was released on the same day as *Bizaar*. It was released on October 31, 2000. The producer of the album were Mike E. Clark. While on the Howard Stern show, ICP talked with Sharon Osbourne who bet $50, 000 they could not sell more than 200,000 copies, and that it would be subsequently dropped from its distributor. Violent J predicted that the group's next album would sell at least 500,000 units and they sold 400,000 units but Sharon never paid them. They left Island Records after *Bizaar* and *Bizzar* because their contract expired.
The Wraith: Shangri-La

***The Wraith: Shangri-La*** is the eighth studio album by American horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on November 5, 2002. The producer of the album was Mike Puwal. The album was the sixth and final of the "Joker Cards" in the Dark Carnival mythology. The album peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200 and peaked number 1 on the Top Independent Albums in both 2002 and 2003.

## References
Hell's Pit

'''''Hell's Pit''''' is the ninth studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on August 31, 2004. The producer of the album was Mike Puwal. The album was the final of the "Joker Cards" chapter of the Dark Carnival mythology. The album peaked at number 12 on the Billboard 200, peaked number 1 on the Top Independent Albums and peaked at number 1 on the Top Internet Albums.

## References
Bang! Pow! Boom!

***Bang! Boom! Pow!*** is the eleventh studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on September 1, 2009. The producer of the album was Mike E. Clark. The album is the first in a set of six new Joker's Cards since the conclusion of the original Joker's Cards. The music video for their song, "Miracles" became viral and was known for being parodied on Saturday Night Live which Insane Clown Posse called "A huge honor".

The album peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200, peaked number 1 on the Top Independent Albums and peaked at number 3 on the Top Rap Albums.

## References
Another Love Song (Insane Clown Posse song)

"**Another Love Song**" is a 1999 midwest hip hop song by the American horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse. It is the first single from their fifth studio album *The Amazing Jeckel Brothers*, which was released in 1999. The song was produced by Insane Clown Posse and Mike Clark. The main music for "Another Love Song" comes from the 1996 single "Jack-Ass" from Beck.
Mike E. Clark

**Michael Earl Clark** (born December 25, 1962) is an American record producer and DJ. Mike E. Clark has worked with famous musicians and groups like Insane Clown Posse, Kid Rock and George Clinton. As of 2012 he had produced all twelve of the Insane Clown Posse's albums.

## Other websites
*Mike E. Clark's Official website
Miracles (Insane Clown Posse song)

"**Miracles**" is a 2010 midwest hip hop song by the American Horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse and is the first single from their eleventh studio album *Bang! Pow! Boom!*, which was released in 2009. The song was produced by Insane Clown Posse and Mike Clark. The song is also known becoming an internet meme.

The music video for the song became viral. It was parodied by Saturday Night Live, which Insane Clown Posse called "a huge honor".

## References
## Other websites
*Know Your Meme article
Insane Clown Posse discography

This article presents the discography of the hip hop/horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse.

## Albums
### Studio albums
### Compilation albums
## Extended plays
## Singles
## References
Rosids

The **rosids** are a large clade of flowering plants. It includes about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms. 

The rosids are divided into 17  orders. These orders together make up about 140 families. The rosids and the asterids are by far the largest clades in the eudicots.

Rosids are very basic flowering plants. Fossil rosids are known from the Cretaceous period. Molecular clock estimates indicate that the rosids originated in the Aptian or Albian stages of the Cretaceous, between 125 and 99.6 million years ago (mya).

Three different definitions of the rosids are in use. Some authors include the order Saxifragales in the rosids. Others exclude it.

## References
The Mighty Death Pop!

***The Mighty Death Pop!*** is the twelfth studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on August 14, 2012. The Mike E. Clark produced the album. The album is the second in a set of six Joker's Cards since the conclusion of the original Joker's Cards. The album features guest singers such as Hopsin and Tech N9ne on the song "*Skreem!*". They released their first single "*Chris Benoit*" from the album and it's about the professional wrestler Chris Benoit who died in a murder-suicide after he killed his wife and son.

## References
White Center, Washington

**White Center** is a place in King County, Washington, United States. It is near Seattle and Burien. It is connected to Burien and has been ever since April 1, 2010. There were 16,631 people living in White Center in 2020.

## Geography
About 99.71% of White Center is land and 0.29% is water.

## Statistics
There are 5,915 homes in White Center. 32.5% have children that are under 18 living in the homes. Another 7.7% are seniors age 65 and older in a home by themselves.

## Education
White Center is a part of the Highline School District. Its schools cover most of southwestern King County.  Elementary schools include Beverly Park Elementary, Mount View Elementary, Southern Heights Elementary, and White Center Heights Elementary. Secondary schools include Cascade Middle School, New Start High School, and Evergreen High School. Evergreen has three "small schools" on its campus, namely the Arts & Academic Academy, the Health, Science, & Human Services School, and the Technology, Engineering, & Communications Schools.

## Notable people
*Jack Thompson, American Samoan football player
*Richard Hugo, poet
*Massive Monkees, winners of America's Best Dance Crew

## References
## Other websites
*White Center Community Development Association
Commelinales

**Commelinales** is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It is considered that the Commelinales together with Zingiberales evolved in the Late Cretaceous around 80 millions of years ago. Two of the best-known genera in the order are *Commelina* and *Tradescantia*. Commelinales is made of the families Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Phylidraceae, and Pondteriaceae. Another name for this plant order is the **Haemodorales**.
Toni Collette

**Antonia "Toni" Collette** (born 1 November 1972) is an Australian actress and singer. She was born in Blacktown, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney.

Collette's acting career began during the early 1990s. She starred in several Australian movies, including: ''Muriel's Wedding*, *In Her Shoes*, *Little Miss Sunshine* and *The Black Balloon''. In 2013 she had a convincing starring role as an American mother in the Nat Faxon and Jim Rash Hollywood coming of age comedy "The Way, Way Back".  She is the lead singer of rock band Toni Collette & the Finish.
King vulture

The **king vulture** (*Sarcoramphus papa*), is a large bird found in Central and South America. This vulture lives predominantly in tropical lowland forests stretching from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. It is the only surviving member of the genus ***Sarcoramphus***, although fossil members are known.

Large and predominantly white, the king vulture has gray to black ruff, flight, and tail feathers. The head and neck are bald, with the skin color varying, including yellow, orange, blue, purple, and red. The king vulture has a very noticeable yellow fleshy caruncle on its beak.
Turkey vulture

The **turkey vulture** (*Cathartes aura*), is a bird found throughout most of the Americas. It is also known as the **turkey buzzard** (or just **buzzard**), and in some areas of the Caribbean as **John crow** or **carrion crow**. 

It is one of three species in the genus *Cathartes*, ranging from southern Canada to the southernmost tip of South America. It lives in open and semi-open areas, including subtropical forests, shrublands, pastures, and deserts. 

The turkey vulture got its common name from the resemblance of the adult's bald red head and its dark plumage to that of the male wild turkey. The name "vulture" comes from the Latin word *vulturus*, meaning "tearer", and is a reference to its feeding habits.
Ford Escape

The **Ford Escape** is a compact crossover SUV that is manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. It was introduced during 2000 as a 2001 model year SUV. The Ford Escape is also available in a hybrid version. The current Escape is actually a European based model that is sold in Europe as the Ford Kuga (not to be confused with the similar sounding Cougar)

==  Fourth generation (2020) ==

The fourth generation came out in 2019.
Beverly Kills 50187

***Beverly Kills 50187*** is the first EP by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on July 16, 1993. The producers of the EP were Mike E. Clark, Insane Clown Posse, Esham and Chris Conley. The EP featured the only appearance of member Greez-E, who appears on the songs "In the Haughhh!" and "17 Dead". The EP's name is a parody of Beverly Hills 90210.

## Track listing
Tatsu (roller coaster)

**Tatsu** (*Dragon*) is a steel rollercoaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California, United States. It was opened (people could go on it) on May 13, 2006. It is one of the coasters considered to be Six Flags Magic Mountain's signature roller coaster. The roller coaster is located in the Samurai Summit section of the park. It is a flying type coaster, which means it is suspended below the track, with riders secured so that their backs are parallel to the track. The maximum speed of the ride is 62 mph and it also broke records with a 124-foot (38 m) pretzel loop. It is also the only flying type to feature a Zero-gravity roll.

## Media coverage
Tatsu has been featured on three different shows:
*The show Who Wants To Be A Superhero which makes use of Tatsu for season two's third episode.
*The MTV series Parental Control which featured footage of two contestants riding Tatsu.
*Discovery Channel program Mega Builders which dedicated an episode to the construction of Tatsu.

## Other websites
*Tatsu at sixflags.com
Okeechobee County, Florida

**Okeechobee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on May 8, 1917. As of 2020, 39,644 people lived there. Okeechobee County's seat is Okeechobee.

## References
## Other websites
*Official county website
St. Johns County, Florida

**St. Johns County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on July 21, 1821. As of 2020, 273,425 people lived there. St. Johns County's seat is St. Augustine.

## References
## Other websites
* Official county website
Alaska Airlines

**Alaska Airlines** () is a large airline from the United States. They are headquartered in Seattle, Washington, where they have one of their five hubs. Alaska Airlines also has hubs in Anchorage, Alaska, Los Angeles, California and Portland, Oregon. The company was named the top "Traditional Carrier" in customer satisfaction for the third year in a row by J. D. Power and Associates. As of 2023, it goes to 117 cities and has 305 airplanes.

## History
Alaska Airlines began in 1932 with the name "McGee Airways". McGee Airways was combined with several other airlines in 1934 and this created "Star Air Lines".  The name was finally changed to "Alaska Airlines" on May 2, 1944.  Starting in 1947, Alaska Airlines bought many new planes. In the 1950s, Alaska Airlines started flying many worldwide charter (irregular) flights. The government later said that Alaska Airlines could only fly in the state of Alaska. In 1961, Alaska Airlines started flying to the Continental United States. In the 1970s, Alaska Airlines started flying charters to the Soviet Union.  In 1972, Alaska Airlines introduced its famous "Eskimo" logo which is still used today.  In 1985, Alaska started flying to many new cities in the West Coast of the United States. In 1988, Alaska Airlines started its first flights to Mexico. In the 1990s, Alaska Airlines became the first to sell tickets on the internet, to have self-service check-in and to have GPS on its planes.  On January 31, 2000, an Alaska Airlines plane crashed in the Pacific Ocean. That crash led to many changes at the airline over the following years.  Alaska Airlines introduced a brand new logo on January 25, 2016.  Alaska Airlines and Virgin America announced plans to merge on April 4, 2016. The merged airline kept the Alaska Airlines name, with Virgin America flying for the last time on April 24, 2018.

## Gallery

File:Alaska Airlines 4920s0.jpg|Alaska Airlines headquarters building
File:Alaska Airlines Boeing 727-100 Silagi-2.jpg|An Alaska Airlines Boeing 727 in November 1979.
File:Alaska-737-4QB-YVR.jpg|An Alaska Airlines Boeing 737-400
File:Alaska AIrlines Boeing 737-800 N566AS (48464018012).jpg|An Alaska Airlines 737-800
File:AlaskaAirlines(Skywest)E175N183SY SANFebruary2019.jpg|An Alaska Airlines Embraer E175

## References
## Other websites 
* Alaska Air's Official website
Eduardo Nájera

**Eduardo Alonso Nájera Pérez** (born July 11, 1976) is a Mexican basketball player that currently plays for the Charlotte Bobcats of the NBA. He also played for the Dallas Mavericks for five seasons, the Golden State Warriors for one season, the Denver Nuggets for 4 seasons and the New Jersey Nets for two seasons. He went to University of Oklahoma for college.

## Other websites
*Eduardo Nájera's NBA profile
Samuel Dalembert

**Samuel Davis Dalembert** (born May 10, 1981) is a Haitian-Canadian former professional basketball player who played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). 

During his career, he played for the Philadelphia 76ers, the Sacramento Kings, the Houston Rockets, the Milwaukee Bucks, the Dallas Mavericks, the New York Knicks, and Shanxi Zhongyu. He played college basketball at Seton Hall University. Dalembert pledged $100,000 to UNICEF and traveled to Haiti to help with the relief efforts. He won the 2009-10 J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award for helping with the relief efforts in Haiti.

## References
## Other websites
*Samuel Dalembert's NBA profile
Pole vault

.]]
**Pole vault** is a track and field event in which a person uses a long, flexible stick (which today is usually made either of fiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to leap over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to the ancient Greeks, as well as the Cretans and Celts. It has been a full medal event at the Olympics since the Summer Olympics at 1896 for men and 2000 for women. It started in the ancient Greece.

## Related pages
*High jump
*Sport

## Notes
## Other websites
* Statistics
*All-time Masters men's Pole Vault list 
*All-time Masters women's Pole Vault list 
*Pole Vault History 
*Pole Vault World Records - by the International Association of Athletics Federations
Alfa Romeo 147

The **Alfa Romeo 147** is a car produced by Alfa Romeo from 2000 until 2010. It replaced the Alfa Romeo 146.

## Engines 
* *1.6 Twin Spark 16V* 77 kW (105 hp) and 88 kW (120 hp)
* *2.0 Twin Spark 16V* 110 kW (150 hp)
* *3.2 GTA V6 24V* 184 kW (250 hp)
* *1.9 JTD 8V* 74 kW (100 hp) and 85 kW (115 hp)
* *1.9 Multijet 8V* 88 kW (120 hp)
* *1.9 JTD 16V* 103 kW (140 hp)
* *1.9 Multijet 16V* 110 kW (150 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
Luke McShane

list, January 2011.]]
]]

**Luke McShane** (born 7 January 1984) is an English chess Grandmaster. 

A former World Youth Champion, he is one of England's leading players and a member of the English Chess Olympiad team. He has also been a trader in London's financial sector.

## Early career 
McShane won the World Under-10 Championship in Duisburg at the age of eight. Shortly afterwards he found a sponsor in the form of computer company Psion. At sixteen he became the then youngest ever British grandmaster. 

In January 2004 McShane was ranked second in the world among junior (under-21) players behind Teimour Radjabov.

## Grandmaster 
From around 2002, McShane has been facing stiffer opposition, including players from the world's top ten. He played for England in the 2002 Chess Olympiad in Bled, scoring 6½/11, and won the silver medal at the World Junior Championship in Goa. 

In 2009/10 he tied for first through fifth place at the 39th Rilton Cup in Stockholm.

In December 2010 McShane participated in the 8-player London Chess Classic Tournament, which included Viswanathan Anand (reigning World Chess Champion), Magnus Carlsen (rated #1 for most of 2010), Vladimir Kramnik (former World Champion) and Hikaru Nakamura (US Champion).  Under a scoring system of 3 points for a win, 1 for a draw and 0 for a loss, McShane finished joint second with Anand, behind Carlsen, whom McShane had beaten in their individual game.  Undefeated, his event performance rating was 2838 – higher than Carlsen's or Anand's. In the January 2011 rating list, he overtook Nigel Short, to become the UK's second highest ranked player after Michael Adams. 

In January 2011 McShane came joint first with David Navara in the B group of the Tata Steel tournament, winning on tie break.

## References
No Way Out (2003)

**No Way Out (2003)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on February 23, 2003 at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was the fourth No Way Out event held by WWE. Eight matches happened on the event's card.

## Matches 
## References 
## Other websites 
*The Official No Way Out Website
*No Way Out at In Demand.com
Ayako Hamada

**Ayako Valentina Hamada Villareal** (born February 14, 1981 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Japanese-Mexican professional wrestler currently wrestling on the independent circuit. She is probably best known for wrestling for TNA Wrestling where she won the TNA Knockout Tag Team Championship twice once with Awesome Kong and once with Taylor Wilde.

## Other websites 
* Ayako Hamada's Official website
Rosa Mendes

**Milena Leticia Roucka** ( ; born October 25, 1979) She left WWE on February 13, 2017. Then she worked on the Independent circuit before retiring in January 2020. 

## Filmography 
## Championships and accomplishments 
* **Florida Championship Wrestling**
** Queen of FCW (1 time)
* **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
** OVW Women's Championship (1 time)
* ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
** Ranked No. 43 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the *PWI Female 50* in 2008
* **World Wrestling Entertainment**
** Slammy Award (1 time)
*** Best Use of Exercise Equipment (2010)
* ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
** Worst Worked Match of the Year (2013) with AJ Lee, Aksana, Alicia Fox, Kaitlyn, Summer Rae, and Tamina Snuka vs. Brie Bella, Cameron, Eva Marie, JoJo, Naomi, Natalya, and Nikki Bella on November 24
## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website 
*
Highlands and Islands

s: see next map]]

The **Highlands and Islands** of Scotland are broadly the Scottish Highlands plus Orkney, Shetland and the Hebrides.

This area consisted of parts of seven counties of Scotland: 

* Argyll
* Inverness-shire
* Ross and Cromarty
* Sutherland
* Caithness
* Orkney
* Shetland
Iapetus Ocean

period]]
 (Devonian to Permian times). Differences in fossil faunas on both sides of the red line (the **Iapetus Suture**) are evidence for the existence of an ocean between the two sides in the time before the continents were joined in the supercontinent Pangaea.]]
. The narrow white diagonal line near centre of picture is the only remaining visible sign of the Iapetus Ocean]]

The **Iapetus Ocean** existed in the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic eras (between 600 and 400 million years ago). The ocean was in the southern hemisphere, between three paleocontinents. The ocean disappeared when these three continents joined to form one big landmass. That large continent has been given various names, such as Laurussia or the Old Red Sandstone continent. Probably the best name is Euramerica, because basically it was American and Europe stuck together.

The Iapetus Ocean was between continental masses that would at a much later time roughly form the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean. It was a kind of precursor of the Atlantic.

At the start of the 19th century, American paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott noticed differences in early Paleozoic benthic trilobites either side of the line which later was called the **Iapetus suture**.

The so called "Pacific fauna" of Laurentia, as found in Scotland and western Newfoundland, was quite different from those of Baltica, often called the "Atlantic fauna". The latter is found in the southern parts of the British Isles and eastern Newfoundland. Geologists of the early 20th century thought a large trough, a so-called geosyncline, had existed between Scotland and England in the early Paleozoic, keeping both sides separated.

With the development of plate tectonics in the 1960s geologists concluded the Atlantic Ocean must have had a precursor before the time of Pangaea. That ocean had closed as three continents joined, producing the Iapetus suture.

## Line of the suture 
The Iapetus suture runs where the Iapetus Ocean was before. 
*In Great Britain the suture runs pretty much along the border between England and Scotland. On the east it runs through Lindisfarne, on the west through the Solway Firth.
*On the Isle of Man it is the Niarbyl Fault, which is an exposed section of the suture.
*On Ireland the suture runs from the east coast at Clogherhead in County Louth to the estuary of the River Shannon on the west. 
*In Canada, it runs through Newfoundland and New Brunswick.
*In the United States the suture runs through the north-eastern states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut.
There are other suture lines caused by the collision of continents in the run-up to Pangaea, but the Iapetus is the main one.

## References
Ellsworth Street Bridge

The **Ellsworth Street Bridge ** is a highway bridge that crosses the Willamette River in Albany, Oregon, United States. Built in 1925, the two-lane structure carries U.S. Route 20 eastbound traffic, with the adjacent Lyon Street Bridge carrying westbound traffic. The -long steel-truss bridge was designed by Conde McCullough and opened in 1926.

## History
In 1887, a bridge was built across the Willamette River at Albany for the Corvallis and Eastern railway followed by the Steel Bridge built in 1893 just down river. The state of Oregon began building a new bridge across the river at the city in 1925 to carry vehicular traffic. Designed by state highway department bridge designer Conde McCullough, it was constructed by the Union Bridge Company based in Portland, Oregon.

When the bridge opened, the Albany-Corvallis Highway was completed. At the time the structure was named the Albany Bridge. As of 2004, the bridge handled an average of 9,850 cars per day.

## References
Bobby Ryan

**Robert Shane Ryan** (born **Robert Shane Stevenson**; March 17, 1987) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Anaheim Ducks, Ottawa Senators and Detroit Red Wings.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Ryan played 4 seasons with the Owen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 2nd overall pick by the Anaheim Ducks in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.

On September 29, 2007, Ryan would score his first goal in the NHL in a 4—1 loss against the Los Angeles Kings. He would spend time between the Ducks and their American Hockey League affiliates Portland Pirates and Iowa Chops. On September 14, 2010, the Ducks signed Ryan to a five-year; $25.5 million contract extension.

On July 5, 2013, the Ducks traded Ryan to the Ottawa Senators in exchange for Jakob Silfverberg, Stefan Noesen and a first-round draft pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft. On October 2, 2014, the Senators would sign Ryan to a seven-year, $50.75 million contract extension. Ryan would be selected for the 2015 NHL All-Star Game, his first. Ryan's time in Ottawa would be filled with injuries. He would also suffer from alcohol addiction and would enter himself into the NHL player assistance program.

On September 7, Ryan won the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for his battle against addiction and post traumatic stress disorder, as well as scoring a hat trick in his first home game back.

On October 9, 2020, Ryan signed a one-year, $1 million contract with the Detroit Red Wings. He played 33 games with them before retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## Awards 
*Ryan won the silver medal in the 2010 Winter Olympics with Team USA.

## Personal life
On July 25, 2022, Ryan was arrested at the Nashville International Airport for public intoxication and alleged shoplifting. He was released and the charges were dropped.

## References
## Other websites 
*Bobby Ryan's NHL Player Page
*
Hurdling

.]]

**Hurdling** is a type of track and field race.

There are *sprint* hurdle races and *long hurdle* races. The standard sprint hurdle race is 110 meters for men and 100 meters for women. Men and women run 400 meters in the standard long hurdle race. Each of these races is run over ten hurdles and they are all Olympic events.

Other distances are sometimes run, particularly indoors. The sprint hurdle race indoors is usually 60 meters for both men and women, although races 55 meters or 50 meters long are sometimes run.

## Other websites
*Trackinfo explanation of hurdles 

## Notes
Hammer throw

.]]
**Hammer throw** is an athletic throwing event. The goal of it is to throw a heavy metal ball attached to a wire and handle. The name "hammer throw" is derived from the older Scottish sport competitions.

Like in other throwing events, competitors gain maximum distance by swinging the hammer above their head to set up the circular motion.  Then, they apply force and pick up speed by completing one to four turns in the circle.  In competition, most throwers turn three or four times to gradually increase the velocity with each turn. The thrower releases the ball from the front of the circle. The most important factors for a long throw are the angle of release and the speed of the ball. The hammer throw was one of the first Olympic games played. Any gender can take part in the event.

## Related pages
*Track and field athletics

## Other websites
*Hammer Throw History 
*Hammer Throw Records
Ocean thermal energy conversion

can produce electricity or other useful work. (The heat engine in the drawing, has "OTEC" written on it.)]]
**Ocean thermal energy conversion** (OTEC) is a way of getting useful energy from the world's oceans. The sun shines on the oceans of the world and in the hot parts near the water at the sea's surface can be quite warm, sometimes as high as 30°C.

Many oceans are very deep and the water at depths of 1,000 meters can be around 5 °C.

If a pipe is put down into the ocean we can bring the cold water to the surface where we also have warm water available.

The difference in temperature between the warm surface water and the cold deep water may only be around 15 °C. But we can build a machine called a heat engine, which can use this  difference to generate power that can be used by people that live in that place. A machine which can do this is called an OTEC machine which stands for *ocean thermal energy conversion*.

Because the difference in temperature is small we will need to get large quantities of warm and cold water to go through the machine to get a useful amount of work, but large quantities are available in the ocean.

It has been estimated that OTEC could give amounts of energy that are 10 to 100 times greater than the other ocean energy source, wave power.

The first OTEC machine was built in Cuba in 1930 and made 22 kW of electricity. The largest machine built so far generated 250 kW in 1999 and was made by the US. Plans to build even bigger machines of around 10 MW have been made.

OTEC can also supply quantities of cold water as a by-product. This can be used for refrigeration and can help crops and fish grow. OTEC can also produce large amounts of salt-free water, which can be useful on mid-ocean islands as drinking water.
East Caribbean dollar

The **East Caribbean dollar** (sign: **$**; code: **XCD**) is the currency of eight of the nine members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (the exception is the British Virgin Islands).

It has existed since 1965, when it replaced the British West Indies dollar, and it is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign *$* or, alternatively, *EC$* to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies.  

The EC$ is subdivided into 100 cents. It has been pegged to the United States dollar since 1976 and the exchange rate is currently at US$1 = EC$2.70.

## Members of the Currency Union
Six of the eight countries which use the EC$ are independent (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines). The other two are British overseas territories: Anguilla and Montserrat.

All of the countries except Dominica are Commonwealth realms.
New World vulture

**New World vultures** are the group of vultures that are found in the Americas.  They form the  family **Cathartidae**.  There are seven species in five genera.  Four of the genera have only one species each. 

These are large birds of prey that feed on the meat of dead or dying animals.  The name "Cathartidae" comes from the Greek word *katharsis* meaning to  or make clean.  

Unlike other birds of prey, they have a good sense of smell.  The opening of their nostrils has a hole through from one side of the beak to the other.  Some other vultures hop to move on the ground, but the New World vultures walk.  

The two largest species are called condors. 

## Species
*Genus *Coragyps*
**Black vulture *Coragyps atratus* in South America and north to US
*Genus *Cathartes*
**Turkey vulture *Cathartes aura* throughout the Americas to southern Canada
**Lesser yellow-headed vulture *Cathartes burrovianus* in South America and north to Mexico
**Greater yellow-headed vulture *Cathartes melambrotus* in the Amazon Basin of tropical South America
*Genus *Gymnogyps*
**California condor *Gymnogyps californianus* in California. Formerly widespread in the mountains of western North America.
*Genus *Vultur*
**Andean condor *Vultur gryphus* in the Andes
*Genus *Sarcoramphus*
**King vulture *Sarcoramphus papa* from Southern Mexico to northern Argentina

## References
Powerslave

***Powerslave*** is a studio album by Iron Maiden. It went on sale on 3 September 1984. It was the second most popular album in England when it started being sold.

One of the songs, "Rime of the Ancient Mariner," was  from a poem of the same name by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It is Iron Maiden's longest song (almost 14 minutes).

## Track listing
## Musicians
* Bruce Dickinson – lead vocals
* Dave Murray – guitar
* Adrian Smith – guitar, backing vocals
* Steve Harris – bass, backing vocals
* Nicko McBrain – drums

## References
Middle-distance running

- 1500 metres event]]**Middle distance race** event is longer than sprints, up to 3000 metres. The standard middle distances are the 800 metres, 1500 metres and the mile run, while the 3000 metres may also be classified  as a *middle distance event*. The 880 yard run, or half mile, was the forebear to the 800&nbsp;m distance and it has its roots in competitions in the United Kingdom in the 1830s. The 1500&nbsp;m came about as a result of running three laps of a 500&nbsp;m track, which was commonplace in continental Europe in the 20th century.

## Notes
## Other websites
*
Racewalking

**Racewalking**, or **Walking race**, is a long-distance athletic event. It is different from running: in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times. Stride length is reduced, so to achieve competitive speeds, race walkers must walk at speeds close to those that Olympic 400-meter runners use. They must walk at those speeds for hours at a time since the Olympic events are the 20 km race walk and 50 km race walk.

## Notes
## Other websites
*Racewalk.com
*High School Race Walking
*Race Walking Record - News, photos and reports all about racewalking  
*World Masters Race Walking Rankings 
*Race Walk UK 
*Race Walk Australia
*D. Guebey walking pages