open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
José Théodore

**José Nicholas Théodore** (born September 13, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played parts of eighteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Colorado Avalanche, Washington Capitals, Minnesota Wild, and Florida Panthers. He also played for Djurgårdens IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SEL).

During his career in the NHL, Théodore won the Vezina and Hart trophies in 2001, as well as, the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy in 2010.

He would retire from playing professional ice hockey in 2013. After retiring, Théodore became an analyst for TVA Sports and wrote a hockey column for *Le Journal de Montréal* newspaper.

## Awards
* Vezina Trophy (2002)
* Hart Memorial Trophy (2002)
* Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy (2010)

## References
## Other websites
*
Skara Brae

**Skara Brae** () is a large stone-built Neolithic settlement on the Bay of Skaill on the west coast of mainland Orkney, Scotland. It consists of ten houses. 

It was occupied from roughly 3100–2500BC. It is Europe's most complete Neolithic village. The level of preservation is such that it is a main part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney. This is one of four UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Scotland, the others being the Old Town and New Town of Edinburgh; New Lanark in South Lanarkshire; and St Kilda in the Western Isles.

## Discovery and features 
Until 1850, Skara Brae lay under years of soil sediment when in the winter of that year a large storm stripped the grass from the large mound known as Skerrabra.

The outline of several of stone buildings was revealed and initial excavations were undertaken by William Watt, the laird of Skaill. It was fully excavated between 1928 and 1930 by Vere Gordon Childe following another storm in 1926.

## Related pages 
*Heart of Neolithic Orkney
*St Kilda
*Edinburgh Old & New towns
*New Lanark
*The Antonine Wall is the most northerly part of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site, shared with England (Hadrian's Wall) and Germany (Limes Germanicus).

## References
## Other websites
*Historic Scotland Official Website 
*Orkneyjar
Arad

**Arad** or **ARAD** may refer to:

## People
* Arad (given name)
* Arad (surname)

## Places and jurisdictions 
### Bahrain
* Arad, Bahrain, a village in Al Muharraq Governorate
* Arad Fort, located on Arad shore
* Arad Island, a former member of the Bahrain Islands, now joined Muharraq

### Iran
* Arad, Iran, a city in Fars Province, Iran
** Arad District, an administrative subdivision of Fars Province
** Arad Rural District, an administrative subdivision of Fars Province
* Arad General Hospital in Tehran, Iran
* Arad, Tehran, a village in Tehran Province, Iran

### Israel 
* Arad, Israel, a city in Israel
* Tel Arad, the remains of the ancient city of Arad

### Jordan
* Arad (see), an Ancient city and bishopric in (Trans)Jordan, near Tell 'Arad, now a Latin Catholic titular see

### Romania
* Arad, Romania, the main city of Arad County
* Arad County, at the western edge of Transylvania (Crişana-Banat), Romania
* Arad County (former), a historical county, first Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, later in Romania
* Arad Region, an administrative division of the People's Republic of Romania 1950–1956
* Archdiocese of Arad, an episcopal see of the Romanian Orthodox Church
List of NHL seasons

This is a list of National Hockey League seasons since the first year of the league, and also of the league which turned into it, the National Hockey Association:

## NHA 
1910 |
1910–11 |
1911–12 |
1912–13 |
1913–14 |
1914–15 |
1915–16 |
1916–17

Seasons started in January and ended in March until the 1910–11 season which was the first to start before the new year.

## Early years 
1917–18 |
1918–19 |
1919–20 |
1920–21 |
1921–22 |
1922–23 |
1923–24 |
1924–25 |
1925–26 |
1926–27 |
1927–28 |
1928–29 |
1929–30 |
1930–31 |
1931–32 |
1932–33 |
1933–34 |
1934–35 |
1935–36 |
1936–37 |
1937–38 |
1938–39 |
1939–40 |
1940–41 |
1941–42

## Original Six era 
1942–43 |
1943–44 |
1944–45 |
1945–46 |
1946–47 |
1947–48 |
1948–49 |
1949–50 |
1950–51 |
1951–52 |
1952–53 |
1953–54 |
1954–55 |
1955–56 |
1956–57 |
1957–58 |
1958–59 |
1959–60 |
1960–61 |
1961–62 |
1962–63 |
1963–64 |
1964–65 |
1965–66 |
1966–67

## Expansion years to present 
1967–68 | 
1968–69 |
1969–70 |
1970–71 |
1971–72 |
1972–73 |
1973–74 |
1974–75 |
1975–76 |
1976–77 |
1977–78 |
1978–79 |
1979–80 |
1980–81 |
1981–82 |
1982–83 |
1983–84 |
1984–85 |
1985–86 |
1986–87 |
1987–88 |
1988–89 |
1989–90 |
1990–91 |
1991–92 |
1992–93 |
1993–94 |
1994–95 |
1995–96 |
1996–97 |
1997–98 |
1998–99 |
1999–2000 |
2000–01 |
2001–02 |
2002–03 |
2003–04 |
2004–05 (NHL Lockout) |
2005–06 |
2006–07 |
2007–08 |
2008–09 |
2009–10 |
2010–11 |
2011–12 |
2012–13 |
2013–14 |
2014–15 |
2015–16 |
2016–17 |
2017–18 |
2018–19 |
2019–20 |
2020–21 |
2021-20 |

## Related pages
* NHL Entry Draft
* List of Stanley Cup champions
* Timeline of the National Hockey League
* National Hockey League All-Star Game
1980–81 NHL season

## Regular season
### Final standings
*Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

*Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold*
#### Prince of Wales Conference
#### Clarence Campbell Conference
### Scoring leaders
*Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points*

## Stanley Cup playoffs
### Playoff bracket
### Finals
**New York Islanders** vs. **Minnesota North Stars**

*New York wins the series 4–1.*

## NHL awards
### All-Star teams
## First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1980–81 (listed with their first team, star(*) marks debut in playoffs):
* Barry Pederson, Boston Bruins
* Steve Kasper, Boston Bruins
* Denis Savard, Chicago Black Hawks
* Steve Larmer, Chicago Black Hawks
* Andy Moog, Edmonton Oilers
* Charlie Huddy, Edmonton Oilers
* Glenn Anderson, Edmonton Oilers
* Jari Kurri, Edmonton Oilers
* Paul Coffey, Edmonton Oilers
* Larry Murphy, Los Angeles Kings
* Dino Ciccarelli, Minnesota North Stars
* Don Beaupre, Minnesota North Stars
* Neal Broten, Minnesota North Stars
* Doug Wickenheiser, Montreal Canadiens
* Guy Carbonneau, Montreal Canadiens
* Rick Wamsley, Montreal Canadiens
* Brent Sutter, New York Islanders
* Rollie Melanson, New York Islanders
* Tim Kerr, Philadelphia Flyers
* Mike Bullard, Pittsburgh Penguins
* Anton Stastny, Quebec Nordiques
* Peter Stastny, Quebec Nordiques
* Dale Hunter, Quebec Nordiques
* Paul MacLean, St. Louis Blues
* Dave Babych, Winnipeg Jets

## Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1980–81 (listed with their last team):
* Jean Ratelle, Boston Bruins
* Terry Harper, Colorado Rockies
* Pete Mahovlich, Detroit Red Wings
* Tom Bladon, Detroit Red Wings
* Jean Potvin, New York Islanders
* Phil Esposito, New York Rangers
* Walt Tkaczuk, New York Rangers
* Ron Ellis, Toronto Maple Leafs
* Dennis Kearns, Vancouver Canucks
* Bobby Schmautz, Vancouver Canucks
* Dennis Ververgaert, Washington Capitals
* Guy Charron, Washington Capitals
* Wayne Stephenson, Washington Capitals
* Jude Drouin, Winnipeg Jets

## Related pages
* List of Stanley Cup champions
* 1980 NHL Entry Draft
* 33rd National Hockey League All-Star Game
* National Hockey League All-Star Game
* 1980 in sports
* 1981 in sports

## References
* Hockey Database
* NHL.com
2006–07 NHL season

The **2006–07 NHL season** was the 90th season of operation (89th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL). The 2007 Stanley Cup Playoffs began on April 11, 2007 and ended on June 6. The Anaheim Ducks won the Stanley Cup. They were the first team from California to win the Cup.

## Regular season
### Final standings
''Red-shaded team won the Presidents' Trophy and home-ice advantage throughout the playoffs.*

*Orange-shaded team clinched the other conference.*

*Yellow-shaded teams clinched the other four divisions.*

*Green-shaded teams clinched the remaining ten playoff berths.*

Numbers in parentheses indicate ranking in conference. Division leaders are automatically ranked 1–3. These three, plus the next five teams in the conference standings, earn playoff berths at the end of the season.

**Note:** *W = Wins, L = Losses, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points*
 
#### Eastern Conference 
#### Western Conference 
#### Tiebreaking Procedures 
If two or more clubs are tied in points during the regular season, the standing of the clubs is decided in the following order:

# The fewer number of games played (i.e., superior points percentage).
# The greater number of games won.
# The greater number of points earned in games between the tied clubs.
# The difference between goals for and against.

### Scoring leaders 
*Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/– = Plus/Minus; PIM = Penalty Minutes*

### Leading goaltenders 
*Note: GP = Games Played; TOI = Time On Ice (minutes); W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/Shootout Losses; GA = Goals Against; SO = Shutouts; Sv% = Save Percentage; GAA = Goals Against Average*

## Stanley Cup playoffs 
**]]

### Playoff bracket 
### Finals 
**Anaheim Ducks vs. Ottawa Senators*'

## NHL awards 
### All-Star teams 
## First games 
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 2006–07:
* Niklas Backstrom, Minnesota Wild
* Yutaka Fukufuji, Los Angeles Kings (first Japanese NHL player)
* Phil Kessel, Boston Bruins
* Anze Kopitar, Los Angeles Kings
* Evgeni Malkin, Pittsburgh Penguins
* Alexander Radulov, Nashville Predators
* Jordan Staal, Pittsburgh Penguins
* Paul Stastny, Colorado Avalanche

## Last games 
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 2006–07 (listed with their last team):
* Matthew Barnaby, Dallas Stars
* Peter Bondra, Chicago Blackhawks
* Sean Burke, Los Angeles Kings
* Eric Lindros, Dallas Stars
* Scott Mellanby, Atlanta Thrashers
* Joe Nieuwendyk, Florida Panthers
* Mike Ricci, Phoenix Coyotes
* Patrik Stefan, Dallas Stars
* Pierre Turgeon, Colorado Avalanche

## References 
## Other websites 
* NHL.com
* Hockey Database
Mario Kart: Super Circuit

***Mario Kart: Super Circuit*** is a Game Boy Advance racing game released in 2001 and is the third game in the *Mario Kart* series. It was later released in 2011 for the *3DS* Virtual Console and the Wii U Virtual Console in 2014. It has playable characters from the *Mario* series. The game contains all the courses from *Super Mario Kart* along with newcoming courses. It can be played single player (modes: Grand Prix, Extra [Super Mario Kart], Quick Run, and Time Trials) multiplayer (modes: Grand Prix, "Link It Up!", V.S., and Battle)
Walrus

A **walrus** (***Odobenus rosmarus***) is a marine mammal, the only species of the family **Odobenidae**, which is one of the three pinniped families. They live in the cold northern seas of the Arctic Ocean around North America and Europe.

## Description
They known for their *tusks*. Even though they are called tusks, they are actually teeth growing out of their mouths. It takes about 15 years before they reach their full , which is about  for males and  for females.

Both the male and female walrus grow tusks. They can use them to protect themselves from polar bears and killer whales and use them when they eat. When they eat bigger prey such as seals and small whales, they first tear them apart with their tusks to make them easier to eat. Another important use of a walrus's tusks is to pull itself out onto the ice. Pushing its tusks into the ice, the walrus gets extra help hauling its huge body out of the sea. This is probably how walruses got their family name *Odobenidae*, which comes from Greek words meaning "one that walks with teeth". They do not walk with their teeth, but it can look as if they do when they pull themselves out of the water. Their tusks can also be used to cut holes in the ice. Tusks are slightly longer and thicker among males, who use them for fighting, dominance and display; the strongest males with the largest tusks typically dominate social groups. Tusks are also used to form and maintain holes in the ice and aid the walrus in climbing out of water onto ice.

Walruses are very big, even compared to big male sea lions. When they are all grown up, they can weigh more than . The walruses that live in the Atlantic Ocean are a little smaller than the ones in the Pacific Ocean. Both kinds like to stay in the cold north. With all their blubber, which can be as much as  thick, they are very comfortable in icy water.

Like true seals, they just have a hole for an ear - not ear flaps. Like eared seals, they can rotate their back flippers forward to walk on land.
## Features 
Walruses are usually brown, but walruses can change colour  on how warm they are. They are usually different kinds of brown, but as they get warmer, their skin can turn pink. This is because as they get warmer, blood rushes to the skin to try to cool it.

The walrus has an air sac under its throat which acts like a flotation bubble and allows it to bob vertically in the water while sleeping. 

The males have a large penis bone, up to  in length, the largest of any land mammal, both in absolute size and relative to body size.

## References
Hattrick (video game)

**Hattrick ** is an online football manager game created by  Björn Holmér. It was released on 20 August 1997. The game has an estimated user amount of 1,000,000 (one million) spread in over 120 countries.

If one registers himself as user he will receive a team. The user will then play in a competition with other managers. The user has to care for the whole team. This can be done by buying and selling players, training players, creating tactics and by creating line ups.

## Community 
Hattrick has a 'strong' community. Because of that, not only the forums in-game are active but also those on other websites.

## Hattrick Ltd. 
Hattrick is property of Hattrick Ltd. The CEO is Johan Gustafson.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Simpson Desert

The **Simpson Desert** is a very dry part of Australia. It is mainly in the Northern Territory, but also in the north of South Australia and western Queensland. It covers about 176,500 square km, about 2.3% of Australia. The Simpson Desert gets less than 150 ml of rain each year. It is made up of big red sand dunes up to  high,  long and about  apart. At most times there is no surface water, but after rain there can be rivers which flow into normally dry lakes. Temperatures in summer can be more than 50 C, and in winter can be below 0 C.

Early explorers into the Simpson Desert were Charles Sturt 1845, J.McKinlay, W.O. Hodgkinson, C.Winneke 1883, A.Poeppel 1879. The desert was named after A.A.Simpson, President of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia in 1929. The first European to cross the desert was Ted Colson in 1936. 

No proper roads cross the desert. There are many tracks that were made during the search for gas and oil during the 1960s and 1970s. These tracks include the French Line, the Rig Road, and the QAA Line. Such tracks can be driven on by well-equipped four-wheel drive vehicles which must carry extra fuel and water.

Towns close to the edge of the Simpson Desert include Oodnadatta to the southwest, and Birdsville in the east. On the western side is the Mount Dare hotel and shop. Before 1980, part of the Commonwealth Railways Central Australian line passed along the western side of the Simpson Desert. Within the Simpson people go to see the ruins at Dalhousie Springs, Purnie Bore wetlands, Approdinna Attora Knoll and Poeppel Corner (where Queensland, South Australia and Northern Territory meet).

## References
Hat-trick

A **hat-trick**, **hat trick** or **hattrick** in sports means that something is done 3 times. For example: goals, wickets and so forth. 

## Association football 
There are different interpretations as to when a hat-trick is a valid one. The most common criteria is when a player has scored 3 goals in a match. Goals from penalty shootouts are not included.

A "flawless" or "German" hattrick is close to the hat-trick described above but is different since the 3 goals have to be scored within a certain period of time.  Another example is the "classic" or "perfect" hat-trick which means that the player scored one goal with each foot ( 1 goal with the right-foot and one goal with the left-foot) and a header.

Occasionally Germans would award the hatrickees with 3 medals to signify their achievement.
Meeting

A **meeting** is a group of people who come together at one place to discuss something, make something, or play games together. Meetings can range from internet meetings (people who met on the internet who come together) to birthday parties for children. Meetings can be also on formal times, where businessmen come together to discuss. Furthermore, meetings can be political/religious. For instance, politicians meet from time to time to deliberate on issues, map up strategies and trash out issues. Likewise, religious leaders congregate to discuss developing issues, problems and successes chalked.Come to Jesus meetings are called in order to settle disputes between employers and employees as well as airing out personal matters.

## References
African buffalo

The **African buffalo** (*Syncerus caffer*), is a bovine (cloven hoofed animal). It is also known as the **Cape buffalo**. They are not closely related to other bovines. Because of its aggressive behavior, it has not been domesticated like the domestic Asian water buffalo. 

## Appearance 
They can be up to 3.2 meters high, 6 meters long, and can weigh from 800-1200 kg. The males are bigger than the females. The African buffalo's power and size make it easy to defend itself. They have been known to kill spotted hyenas, Nile crocodiles, lions, and other wild predators, and sometimes even humans. The African buffalo is part of the African big five. The phrase "big five" was introduced by hunters. The big five are the hardest animals to hunt, and the African buffalo is considered the most dangerous. They are herbivores.

There are also other two subspecies of the African buffalo that inhabit Western and Central Africa, the Forest or Red buffalo (*Syncerus caffer nanus*), found in the equatorial forests of Central Africa, and the Sudanese or Western savannah buffalo (*Syncerus caffer brachyceros*), which inhabits the Sudanian savannahs of West Africa.

## References
Cape Schanck

**Cape Schanck** is the south end of the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria, Australia. It is a piece of land that separates Port Phillip Bay and Westernport Bay. It is a narrow headland with cliffs 84.7 metres (278 feet) high. It has a lighthouse made from limestone built in 1859. In December 1800, Cape Schanck was named by Lieutenant James Grant after Admiral James Schank.

## References
Brăila County

**Brăila** () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Muntenia. The capital of Brăila County is Brăila.

## Geography 
Brăila County has an area of 4,766&nbsp;km².

## Divisions 
Brăila County has 1 municipality, 3 towns and 40 communes.

### Municipality 
* Brăila

### Towns 
* Ianca
* Însurăţei
* Făurei

### Communes
Buzău County

**Buzău** () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the area of Muntenia.  The capital of Buzău County is Buzău.

## Geography 
Buzău County has an area of 6,103 km².  The main river that flows through Buzău County is the Buzău River.

## Divisions 
Buzău County has 2 municipalities, 3 towns and 82 communes.

### Municipalities 
* Buzău
* Râmnicu Sărat

### Towns 
* Nehoiu
* Pogoanele
* Pătârlagele

### Communes
Yves Saint Laurent

**Yves Saint Laurent** (1 August 1936 – 1 June 2008) was a French fashion designer. Born **Yves Henri Donat Mathieu Saint Laurent** in Algeria, he was "one of the greatest figures in French fashion in the 20th century".

In 1985, in her book, *Couture: the Great Fashion Designers*, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, "The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited both with spurring couture's rise from its Sixties ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable". 

Saint Laurent took over from Christian Dior as the chief designer of the House of Dior (now Christian Dior S.A.). Dior, who founded the company after the Second World War, died in 1957. Saint Laurent was promoted, and proved to be a brilliant choice. Saint Laurent completed six fashion collections before he was called up for military service in 1960.

Military service was a disaster for Saint Laurent, who was invalided out, suffering from mental illness. The House of Dior fired him, but he was able to set up his own fashion house with backing from an American millionaire. For the rest of his life the Yves Saint Laurent fashion house was at the top of Parisian couture.

Saint Laurent was openly gay. He and his partner Pierre Bergé had an impressive art collection, which was sold by auction at Christie's in Paris, 2009. The proceeds, about 300 million euros, was used to set up a foundation for AIDS research.

Saint Laurent died of brain cancer in Paris, France, aged 71.

## References
Philosophy of language

**Philosophy of language** is the study of how languages were created and are used. It is part of Linguistics. In continental philosophy, it is not treated as a subject by itself, but Ludwig Wittgenstein and other analytic philosophers placed particular stress on it.

## Problems 
Like all philosophies, there are some central questions that are important in philosophy of language:
* What does it mean for a word to mean something? Why do some words have the same meaning? How can we ever know if a word means something or not? Why are some orderings of words meaningful, while others are not?
* How are languages learnt? How do they change?
* How important are languages in communication?
* How do we translate from one language into another?
* What does truth have to do with language?

## History 
### Ancient Greek 
Plato was the first philosopher we know was interested in philosophy of language although his teacher Socrates probably was too. Plato believed that the smallest parts of words, phonemes, had meaning even if they were outside the words they are in. This is not a very good theory, and Plato understood that there were things wrong with it.

### The Middle Ages 
The Stoics also made a complicated philosophy of The Middle Ages. William Occam was the first philosopher to think about the possibility of a mental language. He discussed how a word can refer to both its meaning and the actual word itself.

### 20th century 
Philosophy of language became more popular in the twentieth century when Ferdinand de Saussure wrote his book *Course in General Linguistics*. Since then, the philosophy of language has played an important part in philosophy as a whole.

## Related pages
* Ordinary language philosophy
* Philosophy of science
* Semiotics
Rocannon's World

'''''Rocannon's World''''' was Ursula K. Le Guin's first book.  It was written in 1966 as an Ace Double with Avram Davidson's *The Kar-Chee Reign.* The book is part of the Hainish Cycle.
Procrastination

**Procrastination** is the behavior of delaying actions or tasks to a later time. It can be a very bad thing to do because you do not get enough things done.

## References 
## Other websites 
*CalPoly - Procrastination  - analysis of procrastinating behavior and possible cures
*Article about a possible cure for procrastination
The Dispossessed

***The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia*** is a 1974 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin.  It takes place in the same place as the book *The Left Hand of Darkness*. The book won both the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award in 1975.

## Translations 
* 
* , later '**, 2006
* , 2002
* , 1994, **', 1997, 2002
* 
* 
* , 1994
* , 1979
* , 1998
City of Illusions

***City of Illusions*** is a 1967 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in her Hainish Cycle. *City of Illusions* was republished in 1978 with ''Rocannon's World* and *Planet of Exile* in a set called *Three Hainish Novels* and in 1994 with the same books in *Worlds of Exile and Illusion''.
John Edward Gray

**John Edward Gray** FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) studied medicine in London, and became an English zoologist.

Gray was Keeper of Zoology at the British Museum from 1840 until Christmas 1874. That was before the natural history holdings were split off to be the Natural History Museum.

Gray published several catalogues of the museum collections which discussed animal groups and described new species. He improved the collections to make them amongst the best in the world.

During his life he wrote over 500 academic papers, mostly on new species.

Gray was also interested in postage stamps; on 1 May 1840, the day the Penny Black first went on sale, he bought some to keep, thus making him the world's first known stamp collector.

## Works (partial list)
* 1825 : An outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe. *Annals of Philosophy* (ns) **10** : 337-344.
* 1826 : Vertebrata: Mammalia. (Appendix B in part). p.&nbsp;412-415 in King P.P. (ed) *Narrative of a survey of the intertropical and western coasts of Australia. Performed between the years 1818 and 1822*. With an appendix, containing various subjects relating to hydrography and natural history. London: J. Murray, vol. 2.
* 1827 : Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia. p.&nbsp;1-391 in Baron G. Cuvier *The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization*, with additional descriptions by Edward Griffith and others. (16 vols: 1827-1835). London: George B. Whittaker, vol. 5.
* 1828 : *Spicilegia Zoologica, or original figures and short systematic descriptions of new and unfigured animals*. Pt 1. London: Treuttel, Würtz & Co.
* 1830 : A synopsis of the species of the class Reptilia. pp 1–110 in Griffith E. *The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation* by the Baron Cuvier. London: Whitaker and Treacher, vol. 9 : 481 + 110 p.
* 
* 1845: *Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum.* London: Trustees of the British Museum.
* Petit, Richard E. 2012. John Edward Gray (1800–1875): his malacological publications and molluscan taxa. *Zootaxa* 3214: 1-125

## Further reading 
* 

## Other websites 
* 
* John Edward Gray, the Indian Pond Heron and Walsall
The Word for World Is Forest

***The Word for World Is Forest*** is a science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in 1976. It is part of the *Hainish Cycle*.
John Hagee

**John Charles Hagee** (born April 12, 1940) is the founder and senior pastor of Cornerstone Church in San Antonio, Texas, a church with more than 19,000 members. Hagee is CEO at his non-profit corporation, Global Evangelism Television (GETV).

He is also founder and chairman of Christians United for Israel (CUFI). This is a Christian organization supporting Zionism.

Hagee is a Pentecostal, and wrote a lot of Christian books.

He is critical of Islam, European Union, communism, feminism, abortion and a man-made climate change.

## References 
## Other websites 
*John Hagee Ministries website
*Cornerstone Church website
Protectorate

A **protectorate** is a state that is protected by another, larger and stronger country based on an agreement between the protectorate and the protecting country. These were very common in the 19th century, especially in Africa and South Asia, when European countries would give protection to small states or places there. Often they also made an international trade agreement which restricted the trade of other foreign states. 

The British Empire had many protectorates around the world. The first was The Protectorate of the Commonwealth of England in the 1660s, Bahrain was also a British protectorate. Later, Kuwait was a British protectorate from 1899 to 1961. Sikkim was a protectorate of India until 1975 and now is a state of India. Bhutan is also a protected state of India.

## Related pages 
* Annexation
* Colonization
* Client state
Hybrid

* × *atkinsiana*, also called *Petunia* × *hybrida*, is often grown in gardens.]]
* is a hybrid of a female horse and a male donkey.]]
A **hybrid** is the product of mating between individuals of different species or strains. The word is most common when talking about animals and plants.

Mules are hybrid animals. The female parent is a horse and the male parent is a donkey. A mule is generally sterile. Not all hybrids are sterile. Many garden plants and crop plants are hybrids. New species are sometimes formed from hybrids between two other species.
WALL-E

***WALL-E*** is a 2008 American animated movie created by Pixar and Disney. It was released on June 27, 2008 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

## Plot 
In 2805, Earth has been polluted with waste and humanity has abandoned the planet, by boarding a giant space cruise ship called the *Axiom*. The company that started this mess Buy n Large have built hundreds of domestic robots called WALL-E, who made piled cubes of waste in an attempt to restore the planet. Seven hundred years later, one robot spends most days cleaning the city and collecting whatever he finds interesting, before finding a surviving plant hidden in a refrigerator.

A rocket appears and assigns EVE to investigate the city. WALL-E meets and invites EVE into his home. He shows the *Hello Dolly* movie on a videocassette recorder. When WALL-E shows a plant for EVE, she takes it and becomes deactivated. The same rocket reappears on Earth, takes EVE and returns to outer space, with WALL-E following it.

As the rocket returns to the mothership, WALL-E notices that all humans had gained weight and lost some bones, while sitting in hoverchairs, and having robots serve them. The AUTO and Captain McCrea examine EVE's body in the main dock, only to find the plant gone.

When WALL-E inadvertently destroys the security system at the repair ward, he and EVE escape from the hallway. EVE attempts to send WALL-E to the escape pod, but they discover that Gopher placed the plant in the pod, when he stole it from EVE. WALL-E uses a fire extinguisher to save himself and the plant, before the pod self destructs.

The robots return to the ship. As McCrea watches each videos EVE recorded on Earth, he realises they must return to Earth. However, AUTO refuses, revealing he stole the plant for Gopher, and its outdated secret directive no-return issued to all AUTOs by BNL inaccurately believing Earth to be to toxic to live and that humans should survive in space forever. A furious McCrea argues how the plant is proof against the directive, but AUTO and Gopher stage a treacherous mutiny: Gopher discards the plant in a waste shaft, WALL-E hides it, before he is electrocuted by AUTO and EVE is shut down, and both are sent down to the shaft, and McCrea is trapped in the room.

EVE wakes up and saves WALL-E from being sent into space. They help all humans and robots take control of the ship. WALL-E is able to prevent AUTO from closing the machine, despite getting crushed afterwards, and McCrea recovers and disables AUTO. After the ship returns to Earth, EVE repairs WALL-E's body. Though WALL-E cannot remember EVE, the spark makes them remember each other. The movie ends with all humans and robots restoring all life on Earth.

## Cast 
*WALL-E / M-O - Ben Burtt
*EVE - Elissa Knight
*Captain B. McCrea - Jeff Garlin
*Auto / M-O - PlainTalk
*Shelby Forthright, BNL CEO - Fred Willard
*Axiom's Computer - Sigourney Weaver

## References 
## Other websites 
* *WALL-E*'s Official site and trailers
*
Parma

**Parma** is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna. It is the capital of the *Province of Parma*. About 190,000 people live in Parma. It has one of the oldest universities of the world, the University of Parma.

Parma has a humid subtropical climate (*Cfa* in the Köppen climate classification). 

## References
Civitavecchia

**Civitavecchia** is a city in the region of Lazio, Italy. It is 80 km north of Rome. It has a sea port.

## References
Planet of Exile

***Planet of Exile*** is a 1966 science-fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in her Hainish Cycle.  It was first part of an Ace Double in 1966 with *Mankind Under the Leash* by Thomas M. Disch.

## Translations 
*  ("Planet of Exile"), 1980, 1992, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2006
*
Reggio Emilia

**Reggio Emilia** is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. It has 167,013 people living in it.

## References
Agrigento

**Agrigento** () is a city in the region of Sicily in southern Italy. It is also the capital of the *Province of Agrigento*. There are many relics there from the ancient Greeks and the Roman empire.

## References
Coke

**Coke** may mean:

* Coke (fuel), a solid residue that contains carbon, and is derived from destructive distillation of coal
* Petroleum coke, a solid carbon rich residue derived from distillation of crude oil
* Cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaf of the coca plant
* Coca-Cola, a soft drink originally based on coca leaf extract
** The Coca-Cola Company, makers of this drink
** Cola, any soft drink similar to Coca-Cola
* Soft drink, any nonalcoholic carbonated beverage
* Coke County, Texas, a county in central Texas, United States

## People named Coke 
* David Coke (1915–1941), a British pilot during World War II
* Edward Coke (1552–1634), English entrepreneur and jurist
* Edward Coke (1758-1837), a British politician and landowner
* Edward Coke, 7th Earl of Leicester (born 1936), an English earl
* Giles Coke, an English footballer
* John Coke, an English politician
* Peter Coke, a British actor, playwright and artist
* Richard Coke, an American lawyer, farmer, and statesman
* Thomas Coke, the first Methodist Bishop
* Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester (seventh creation), agricultural reformer
List of cities in Mexico

This is a **list of cities in Mexico** with a population over 100,000.
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, State of Mexico.]]
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Olbia

**Olbia** (, ) is a city in the region of Sardinia. Together with Tempio Pausania it is the capital of the Province of Olbia-Tempio.

## References
Taranto

**Taranto** is a city in the Apulia region of Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto. The population is 201,349. Taranto also has a large port.

## References
Foggia

**Foggia** is a city in the region of Apulia, Italy. It is the capital of the *Province of Foggia*.

## References
Syracuse, Sicily

**Syracuse** (, ) is a city in the region of Sicily in Italy. It is also the capital of the *Province of Syracuse*. About 125,000 people live in Syracuse. Syracuse is famous for being the place where Archimedes lived.

## Other websites
Into the Blue (movie)

***Into the Blue*** is an American action movie made in 2005.

## Plot 
The movie is about four scuba divers who find a sunken ship filled with drugs. The divers help the police catch the people who put the drugs there.
Autofocus

**Autofocus** is a procedure for finding the correct position of the lens for a scene. The autofocus feature can be provided in a system which includes a movable optical element, a motor, an image sensor and a processing unit. The autofocus procedure is done by changing the lense position and image quality measurements in each position. The position that provides the image with the best quality will be used as the best focus.

The image  may be estimated using image gradients. To speed-up the autofocus procedure, the autofocus is done in two steps: the first run over the full range of the lenses movement with a significant step will provide the estimated position which will be improved in the second run over the small range with a small step. Interpolation between the few best positions may improve the results accuracy.
Cagliari

**Cagliari** () is a city in the region of Sardinia in Italy. It is also the capital of the *Province of Cagliari*. Cagliari has one of the biggest ports in the Mediterranean Sea and an international airport.

There are 149,575 people living in the city. from 1607 and the Primate Roman Catholic archdiocese of Sardinia, from the 5th century AD.

Cagliari has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (*Csa* in the Koeppen climate classification).

## The metropolitan area of Cagliari
The urban area of Cagliari, with a total area of , has a total population of about 420,000 inhabitants, of which 36.57% of them are in the city of Cagliari.

The metropolitan area of Cagliari is formed by the city of Cagliari and by 15 *comuni*.

## Twin cities
The city of Cagliari has, as twin cities, the following cities:
* Buenos Aires, Argentina
* Nanyuki, Kenya
* Pisa, Italy
* Vercelli, Italy
* Padua, Italy
* Biella, Italy
 

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the commune
Lyric

**Lyric** could mean:

* Lyric poetry is a form of poetry that expresses a subjective, personal point of view
* Lyric, from the Greek language, a song sung with a lyre
* Lyrics, the composition in verse which is sung to a melody to constitute a song
* Lyric is a classification of the human voice in European classical music.  The adjective describes a specific vocal weight and a range at the upper end of the given voice part, e.g. lyric soprano; see voice type
* Lyric Opera House in Baltimore, Maryland, locally referred to as just "the Lyric"
* Lyric FM, a Radio Telefís Éireann radio station
* Lyric (R&B), an R&B girl group briefly signed to J Records from 2002–2003; known for the song, "Young and Sexy".
* *Lyric*, a single released in June 2003 by the "indie supergroup" Zwan.
* Lyrics, an ESRB content rating advisor
* Lyric, a video vixen
Shiba Inu

The **Shiba Inu** is a breed of dog from Japan. It looks like a smaller version of the Akita Inu, and was originally bred for hunting. Shiba Inu is one of seven Japanese dog species recognised as symbols of the country.

There are two variations of the species. Aka-Shiba has red hair, and Kuro-Shiba has black hair. Shiba are popular among breeders in Japan.

Shiba Inu are faithful to their owners but are wary of strangers. They are popular as guard dogs. 

The Shiba Inu is the smallest of the Japanese native breeds and was originally developed for hunting by sight and scent in mountainous areas. According to the official breed standard, they are characterised by a "spirited boldness" and a "foxlike appearance" created by their clear red coat and "Urajiro" (cream to white ventral color) markings. 

## Other Japanese dogs
* Akita Inu 
* Kai Inu also called the Kai Ken
* Kisyu Inu
* Tosa Inu
* Hokkaido Inu
* Koshi-no-inu (extinct since 1971)
Egerton Gospel

The **Egerton Gospel** is a set of papyri that are now in the British Museum. The papyri have been dated to the second century. The text they contain may have been written 50-100 AD. It is one of the oldest known fragments of any gospel, or any codex. Soon after the British Museum acquired it in the summer of 1934, it was printed in 1935. It is also called **the Unknown Gospel,** as no ancient source makes reference to it, in addition to being entirely unknown before its publication.

The surviving fragments include four stories:
# a controversy similar to John 5:39-47 and 10:31-39;
# curing a leper similar to Matt 8:1-4, Mark 1:40-45, Luke 5:12-16 and Luke 17:11-14;
# a controversy about paying tribute to Caesar analogous to Matt 22:15-22, Mark 12:13-17, Luke 20:20-26;
# an incomplete account of a miracle on the Jordan River bank, perhaps carried out to illustrate  the parable about seeds growing miraculously.
The last story has no equivalent in canonical Gospels:

## References
## Other websites
*The PAPYRUS EGERTON 2 Homepage  Detailed description of the manuscript, with many images. Greek and English text and reconstruction.
*Early Christian Writings website: text, commentary, links.
Gospel of Thomas

The **Gospel of Thomas** (or the **Gospel according to Thomas**, Coptic: ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲱⲙⲁⲥ) is a text written during the era of the New Testament. It is considered to be an apocryphon by most Christians. It was found in Nag Hammadi, Egypt in 1945. Some Muslims identify the Gospel of Thomas as being the Injeel of Jesus referenced in the Qur'an.

The text is in the form of a codex, bound in what today is known as Coptic binding. It is almost complete. Unlike the other texts, it is not a narrative, but a collection of sayings and short dialogues attributed to Jesus. There are 114 sayings in the text. Most are compatible with the other gospels. They can also be found in one of the other gospels. Some were unknown to scholars before the codex was found. None of the big Christian groups accept the Gospel of Thomas as canon.

## Other websites 
* Hypertext interlinear of Thomas; by Paterson Brown 
* Gospel of Thomas with detailed comparisons with canonical sayings 
* Gospel of Thomas Commentary
Jugiong

**Jugiong** is a small village on the bank of the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, Australia. It is 344&nbsp;km south west of Sydney on the Hume Highway. The first people to live in the area were indigenous Australians, the Wiradjuri people. The first Europeans were the explorers Hamilton Hume and William Hovell on their trip in 1824.
Henry O'Brien, an Irishman, started farming sheep in 1825. His farm, called the Jugiong Run, was 125,000 acres. built the Sir George Tavern (an hotel) which made Jugiong an important resting place on the new road, the *Great Southern Road*, to Melbourne. The building was destroyed in a flood in 1852. The flood also destroyed the buildings at the town of Gundagai. Sheahan rebuilt the hotel with walls up to 500&nbsp;mm thick and it is still in use; remaining in the family throughout the preceding years. It is the oldest family owned hotel in Australia.

## The Village
The first blocks of land at Jugiong were sold at auction in 1853. Three years later a post office was opened. In 1858 a police station was built, and work started on a catholic church, *St.John the Evangelist*. About 120 people were living at Jugiong by 1862.

## Bushrangers
On 15 November 1864  bushrangers (thieves) stopped all traffic including the mail stagecoach (a cart pulled by horses) 5&nbsp;km south of Jugiong. Over 60 people were stopped by the bushrangers. They wanted to steal (take with force) gold, money and other valuables. The bushrangers were Ben Hall, John Gilbert and John Dunn. In the attack one policeman, Sergeant Edmund Parry was shot dead by John Gilbert.

## Song
A song called *The Road to Jugiong*  with words by Robert John Cassidy (1880–1948) and music by James A.Steele was published by Allans, Melbourne, in 1940.

## Bypass
In 1995, the new Hume Freeway, went around the village. In 1996 a new rest and picnic area was built to help travelers take a break on their journey. Facilities at Jugiong include:
* a hotel
* a cafe, the Long Track Pantry Cafe http://www.longtrackpantry.com.au/,
* a motel
* a wine shop
* a fruit and vegetable shop
* a petrol station
* a swimming pool
* churches
* school
* a hotel

## References
Fred McDowell

**Fred McDowell** (January 12 1904 – July 3 1972) (also known as **Mississippi Fred McDowell**) was a Delta blues singer and guitar player. His parents died when he was young.

## Career 
### Early career 
McDowell was born in Rossville, Tennessee, near Memphis. He started playing guitar when he was 14 and played at parties around where he lived.

### Later career 
McDowell moved to Memphis in 1926 where he played for money. Soon after, he moved to Como, Mississippi in 1940 or 1941 and worked as a farmer. He still played at parties.

Mostly, he played slide guitar using a pocket knife and then a slide made from a beef rib bone, later switching to a glass slide. He played with the slide on his ring finger.

#### Fame 
In the 1950s, people became more interested in Blues Music and McDowell became more famous. He recorded for the first time in 1959 with Alan Lomax and Shirley Collins. He started playing on electric guitar rather than acoustic but said "I do not play no rock and roll". He taught Bonnie Raitt the slide guitar technique, and was written about by The Rolling Stones'.

## Albums 
McDowell's first album came out in 1969, called ''I Do Not Play No Rock 'N' Roll''.

## Death 
McDowell died of cancer in 1972 and is buried at Hammond Hill M.B. Church, between Como and Senatobia.

## References
## Other websites 
* Illustrated Fred McDowell discography
Taurus Mountains

(Seven Lakes), Ala Dağlar.]]
:*For the Taurus Mountains on the moon, see Montes Taurus. For Mount Taurus outside Cold Spring, New York, see Bull Hill.*

**Taurus Mountains** (Turkish: *Toros Dağları*) are a mountain range in Turkey, from which the Euphrates (Turkish: Fırat) and Tigris (Turkish: Dicle) descend into Syria and Iraq. The Manavgat River comes from its southern slopes. 
]]
The mountain range extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris in the east. It has many peaks rising above 10,000–12,000 ft (3,000–3,700 m), with the Demirkazık summit in the region known as Aladağlar, at 3,756 meters (12,322 ft.) as the highest point. Another important peak is Medetsiz (3,524 m/11,561 ft) in the Bolkar Dağları section.

This mountain range divides the Mediterranean region of southern Turkey from the central plateau.

Limestone has eroded to form karstic landscapes of waterfalls, underground rivers, and the largest caves of Asia.

At Kestel is a Bronze Age archaeological site where early evidence of tin mining was found.

## References 
## Other websites 
* NASA satellite view of the Taurus Mountains 
* Information about Taurus Mountains in English 
* Livius.org: Taurus
Montes Taurus

**Montes Taurus** is a mountainous region on the Moon. These peaks are on a highland region to the east of the Mare Serenitatis, in the northeastern quadrant of the Moon's near side. The selenographic coordinates of this range are , and they have a diameter about 170 km. Some of the peaks within the range achieve heights of 3.0 km.

A number of craters lie within this range. At the southwestern edge of the range is Römer crater, and Newcomb crater is in the northeastern section. Several satellite craters also lie throughout the Montes Taurus.

The Montes Taurus were named by Johannes Hevelius for the Taurus mountains in southern Turkey.
Zagros Mountains

The **Zagros Mountains** (, ), make up Iran's and Iraq's largest mountain range. They have a total length of 1&nbsp;500&nbsp;km. The western portion of the mountain range runs across much of Mardin Province along Turkey's border with Syria. The north end of the Zagros Mountains is located just south of Lake Van in eastern Turkey and they run across the border into Iraq and also into the border of Iran all the way south along the north coast of the Persian Gulf. The mountain range ends at the Straits of Hormuz. The highest points in the Zagros Mountains are Zard Kuh (4&nbsp;548&nbsp;m) and Mt. Dena (4&nbsp;359&nbsp;m). 

The Zagros region is an important part of Persian Gulf oil production.

## Related pages
* Taurus mountains

## References 
## Other websites 
* *Zagros*, Photos from Iran, *Livius* .
* The genus Dionysia 
* Iran, Timeline of Art History
* Mesopotamia 9000 - 500 B.C.
Latina, Lazio

**Latina** is a city in the region of Lazio. It is the capital of the *Province of Latina*. About 110,000 people live in Latina. This makes it the second largest city in Lazio.

## References
Monza

**Monza** is a city in the region of Lombardy. In 2009 it will become the capital of the *Province of Monza and Brianza*. About 120,000 people live in Monza. This makes it the third largest city in Lombardy.

## References
Bull Hill

**Bull Hill**, sometimes called **Mount Taurus**, is a mountain in the U.S. state of New York. It is north of the village of Cold Spring on the Hudson River, in Putnam County. It is part of the mountain range known as the Hudson Highlands which are part of the Appalachian Mountains.

An old quarry can be seen on its south ridge.

The mountain may have gotten its name from a bull that farmers chased down it. The bull's fall gave the Breakneck Ridge its name.