June 30

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 350 &ndash; Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantian dynasty, is defeated and killed by the usurper Magnentius.
* 763 &ndash; A Byzantine army under Emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
* 1422 &ndash; Battle of Arbedo between the Duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
* 1521 &ndash; Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noain during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre. 
* 1559 &ndash; Henry II of France is wounded in a jousting contest against Gabriel de Montgomery.
* 1651 &ndash; Battle of Beresteczko: Victory for Poland-Lithuania.
* 1758 &ndash; Seven Years' War: The Battle of Domstadtl takes place.
* 1805 &ndash; The United States Congress organises the Michigan Territory. 
* 1859 &ndash; French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
* 1860 &ndash; The Oxford Evolution debate takes place  at the Oxford Museum of Natural History.
* 1861 &ndash; A group of 3000 European gold miners attack Chinese miners at Lambing Flat, New South Wales.
* 1864 &ndash; Abraham Lincoln grants the Yosemite Valley to California for 'public use, resort and recreation'.
* 1882 &ndash; Charles J. Guiteau is executed for the assassination of US President James A. Garfield.
* 1886 &ndash; The first transcontinental train trip across Canada leaves Montreal. It arrives at Fort Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
* 1894 &ndash; London Tower Bridge is opened to traffic.
* 1900 &ndash; A harbour fire in Hoboken, New Jersey spreads to five German liners, killing 326 people.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1905 &ndash; Albert Einstein publishes the article 'On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies' in which he introduces Special Relativity.
* 1908 &ndash; The Tunguska Incident occurs, as a large area of forest in Siberia is destroyed. The circumstances have not yet been fully explained, but it is widely believed to have been the explosion of a meteor.
* 1912 &ndash; A deadly tornado hits Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, killing 28 people.
* 1917 &ndash; World War I: Greece declares war on the Central Powers.
* 1934 &ndash; The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's purge of political rivals, begins.
* 1936 &ndash; Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid from the League of Nations after being invaded by Italy.
* 1940 &ndash; World War II: Nazi Germany invades Guernsey in the Channel Islands, English Channel.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: The city of Cherbourg in Normandy falls to American forces.
* 1954 &ndash; A total Solar eclipse is seen over parts of North America, Europe and Asia.
* 1956 &ndash; A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC–7 collide over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people in both airliners.
* 1960 &ndash; The present–day Democratic Republic of the Congo becomes independent.
* 1969 &ndash; Nigeria bans Red Cross aid from Biafra.
* 1971 &ndash; The crew of Soyuz 11 are suffocated when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.
* 1971 &ndash; Ohio reduces the voting age to 18.
* 1972 &ndash; The first Leap second is added to the UTC time.
* 1975 &ndash; Muhammad Ali successfully defends his Heavyweight Boxing World title, against Joe Bugner.
* 1985 &ndash; Palau's President Haruo Remeliik is murdered.
* 1985 &ndash; 39 American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut, Lebanon, after 17 days.
* 1987 &ndash; The Canadian 1 Dollar coin, the 'Loonie', is introduced.
* 1990 &ndash; East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
* 1991 &ndash; 32 miners are killed when a coal mine catches fire in the Donbas region of Ukraine and releases toxic gas.
* 1996 &ndash; Germany wins the UEFA Euro 1996 Championship against the Czech Republic, with Oliver Bierhoff scoring the first–ever 'Golden Goal'.
* 1998 &ndash; Joseph Estrada becomes President of the Philippines.
* 2000 &ndash; The Indonesian ferry *Chaya Bahara* sinks off the island of Sulawesi, killing over 500 people.

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea: Brazil wins the FIFA World Cup for a fifth time, over Germany, with two goals from Ronaldo.
* 2005 &ndash; Spain legalises Same-sex marriage.
* 2007 &ndash; Islamist extremists drive a jeep packed with explosives into the main building at Glasgow Airport in Scotland.
* 2009 &ndash; A Yemenia Airlines plane crashes into the Indian Ocean near the Comoros. Only one of the 153 people on board survives.
* 2010 &ndash; Benigno Aquino III becomes President of the Philippines.
* 2010 &ndash; Christian Wulff is chosen to succeed Horst Koehler as President of Germany.
* 2012 &ndash; Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood is sworn in as President of Egypt.
* 2013 &ndash; The Brazil national football team wins the FIFA Confederations Cup against the Spain national football team.
* 2013 &ndash; A whole entire fire crew in Arizona is killed while battling wild fires.
* 2015 &ndash; A Hercules C–130 military aircraft with 113 people on board crashes in Medan, Indonesia, killing a total of 116 people.
* 2016 &ndash; Rodrigo Duterte becomes President of the Philippines.
* 2017 &ndash; Germany's Bundestag votes in favour of same-sex marriage by 393 votes to 226.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1470 &ndash; King Charles VIII of France (d. 1498)
* 1503 &ndash; John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554)
* 1588 &ndash; Giovanni Maria Sabino, Italian organist, composer and educator (d. 1649)
* 1628 &ndash; Miguel de Molinos, Spanish mystic (d. 1696)
* 1685 &ndash; John Gay, English writer (d. 1732)
* 1685 &ndash; Dominikus Zimmermann, master builder (d. 1766)
* 1748 &ndash; Dominique, comte de Cassini, French cartographer and astronomer (d. 1845)
* 1755 &ndash; Paul de Barras, French politician (d. 1829)
* 1768 &ndash; Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (d. 1830)
* 1789 &ndash; Horace Vernet, painter and graphic artist (d. 1863)
* 1807 &ndash; Friedrich Theodor von Vischer, narrator, lyricist, and philosopher (d. 1887)
* 1815 &ndash; Lysius Salomon, 13th President of Haiti (d. 1888)
* 1817 &ndash; Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist (d. 1911)
* 1818 &ndash; Lysius Salomon, 13th President of Haiti (d. 1888)
* 1819 &ndash; William A. Wheeler, 19th Vice President of the United States (d. 1887)
* 1824 &ndash; Antonio Gonzalez de Aguilar, 8th Marquis of la Vega de Armijo, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1908)
* 1827 &ndash; Jacques-Louis Soret, Swiss chemist and physicist (d. 1890)
* 1833 &ndash; Manuel Amador Guerrero, 1st President of Panama (d. 1909)
* 1843 &ndash; Ernest Mason Satow, writer (d. 1929)
* 1864 &ndash; Frederick Bligh Bond, English architect and archaeologist (d. 1945)
* 1883 &ndash; Johan Olin, Finnish wrestler (d. 1928)
* 1884 &ndash; Georges Duhamel, French writer (d. 1966)
* 1888 &ndash; Rudolf Amelunxen, German politician (d. 1969)
* 1890 &ndash; Paul Boffa, 5th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1962)
* 1891 &ndash; Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953)
* 1891 &ndash; Ed Lewis, American professional wrestler (d. 1966)
* 1892 &ndash; Bo Carter, American blues musician (d. 1962)
* 1892 &ndash; Oswald Pohl, Nazi politician (d. 1951)
* 1893 &ndash; Walter Ulbricht, East German politician (d. 1973)
* 1899 &ndash; Harry Shields, American jazz musician (d. 1971)
* 1899 &ndash; Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1903 &ndash; Robert E. Hannegan, American politician, 52nd United States Postmaster General (d. 1949)
* 1906 &ndash; Ralph Allen, English footballer (d. 1981)
* 1906 &ndash; Anthony Mann, American movie actor and director (d. 1967)
* 1906 &ndash; Tribhuvan of Nepal (d. 1955)
* 1907 &ndash; Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian politician (d. 1950)
* 1908 &ndash; Winston Graham, English writer (d. 2003)
* 1909 &ndash; Juan Bosch, Dominican Republic politician (d. 2001)
* 1911 &ndash; Czesław Miłosz, Polish poet, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 2004)
* 1912 &ndash; Leopoldo Zea Aguilar, Mexican philosopher (d. 2002)
* 1912 &ndash; Avigdor Dagan, Czech–Israeli writer, playwright, translator and diplomat (d. 2006)
* 1913 &ndash; Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, President of Colombia (d. 2007)
* 1914 &ndash; Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese politician (d. 2001)
* 1914 &ndash; Allan Houser, Native American artist (d. 1994)
* 1917 &ndash; Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)
* 1917 &ndash; Lena Horne, American actress and singer (d. 2010)
* 1919 &ndash; Ed Yost, American inventor (d. 2007)
* 1921 &ndash; Oswaldo Lopez Arellano, President of Honduras (d. 2010)
* 1926 &ndash; Peter Alexander, Austrian singer and actor (d. 2011)
* 1926 &ndash; Paul Berg, American biochemist
* 1933 &ndash; Lea Massari, Italian actress
* 1933 &ndash; Derek Bentley, British victim of a miscarriage of Justice (d. 1953)
* 1934 &ndash; Harry Blackstone, Jr., American  magician (d. 1997)
* 1936 &ndash; Assia Djebar, Algerian writer, director and historian (d. 2015)
* 1937 &ndash; Gainan Saidkhuzhin, Russian cyclist (d. 2015)
* 1937 &ndash; Gideon Ezra, Israeli politician (d. 2012)
* 1938 &ndash; Apostolis Nikolaidis, Greek singer (d. 1999)
* 1938 &ndash; Billy Mills, American runner
* 1939 &ndash; John Fortune, British scriptwriter and actor (d. 2013)
* 1939 &ndash; José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican writer (d. 2014)
* 1941 &ndash; Otto Sander, German actor (d. 2013)
* 1942 &ndash; Robert Ballard, American underwater archaeologist
* 1943 &ndash; Florence Ballard, American singer (The Supremes) (d. 1976)
* 1944 &ndash; Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist
* 1944 &ndash; Terry Funk, American wrestler and actor
* 1945 &ndash; Sean Scully, Irish–American painter

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1953 &ndash; Hal Lindes, American–born British guitarist (Dire Straits)
* 1954 &ndash; Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia
* 1954 &ndash; Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004)
* 1954 &ndash; Wayne Swan, Australian politician
* 1956 &ndash; David Lidington, English politician
* 1958 &ndash; Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer
* 1959 &ndash; Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor
* 1959 &ndash; Brendan Perry, English musician (Dead Can Dance)
* 1960 &ndash; James Kwesi Appiah, Ghanaian footballer and coach
* 1960 &ndash; Jack McConnell, Scottish politician, 3rd First Minister of Scotland
* 1960 &ndash; Murray Cook, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
* 1962 &ndash; Tony Fernandez, American baseball player
* 1963 &ndash; Olha Bryzhina, Ukrainian athlete
* 1963 &ndash; Yngwie Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist
* 1964 &ndash; Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg, Hong Kong–born former member of the Danish royal family
* 1965 &ndash; Gary Pallister, English footballer
* 1965 &ndash; Mitch Raymond, American basketball player
* 1966 &ndash; Cheryl Bernard, Canadian curler
* 1966 &ndash; Mike Tyson, American world champion boxer
* 1967 &ndash; Nitin Ganatra, British actor
* 1967 &ndash; Silke Renk, German athlete
* 1968 &ndash; Philip Anselmo, American musician
* 1970 &ndash; Antonio Chimenti, Italian footballer
* 1971 &ndash; Monica Potter, American actress
* 1972 &ndash; James Martin, English chef
* 1973 &ndash; Frank Rost, German footballer
* 1973 &ndash; Chan Ho Park, Korean baseball pitcher
* 1974 &ndash; Juli Zeh, German writer
* 1975 &ndash; Rami Shaaban, Swedish footballer
* 1975 &ndash; Ralf Schumacher, German race car driver

### From 1976 
* 1977 &ndash; Justo Villar, Paraguayan footballer
* 1980 &ndash; Seyi Olofinjana, Nigerian footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Barbara Spotakova, Czech athlete
* 1982 &ndash; Lizzy Caplan, American actress
* 1982 &ndash; Willam Belli, American actor, drag queen and television personality
* 1982 &ndash; Andy Knowles, British musician (Franz Ferdinand)
* 1983 &ndash; Cheryl Cole, British singer, formerly of Girls Aloud
* 1983 &ndash; Marcus Burghardt, German cyclist
* 1983 &ndash; Steve von Bergen, Swiss footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Katherine Ryan, Canadian comedienne
* 1984 &ndash; Dimitry Ipatov, Russian ski jumper
* 1984 &ndash; Fantasia Barrino, American singer
* 1985 &ndash; Michael Phelps, American swimmer
* 1985 &ndash; Cody Rhodes, American professional wrestler
* 1985 &ndash; Fabiana Vallejos, Argentine footballer
* 1985 &ndash; Charley Uchea, American Reality show personality
* 1986 &ndash; Allegra Versace, Italian heiress
* 1986 &ndash; Fredy Guarin, Colombian footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Jack Douglass, American comedian and actor
* 1989 &ndash; Miguel Vitor, Portuguese footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Asbel Kiprop, Kenyan runner
* 1991 &ndash; Kaho, Japanese actress
* 1994 &ndash; Rhys Jones, Welsh athlete

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 350 &ndash; Nepotianus, Roman usurper
* 1224 &ndash; Adolf of Osnabrück, German monk and bishop (b. 1185) 
* 1520 &ndash; Moctezuma II (Montezuma), Aztec ruler (b. around 1465)
* 1538 &ndash; Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)
* 1649 &ndash; Simon Vouet, French painter (b. 1599)
* 1670 &ndash; Henrietta of England, daughter of Charles I (b. 1644)
* 1708 &ndash; Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706)
* 1709 &ndash; Edward Lhuyd, Welsh botanist, linguist and geographer (b. 1660)
* 1785 &ndash; James Oglethorpe, English general (b. 1696)
* 1861 &ndash; Robert O'Hara Burke, Irish explorer of Australia (b. 1820)
* 1882 &ndash; Charles J. Guiteau, assassin of US President James A. Garfield (b. 1841)
* 1882 &ndash; Alberto Henschel, German–Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827)
* 1898 &ndash; Siegfried Marcus, English technician and inventor (b. 1831)
* 1899 &ndash; E. D. E. N. Southworth, American author (b. 1819)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1919 &ndash; John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist (b. 1842)
* 1932 &ndash; Bruno Kastner, German actor (b. 1890)
* 1934 &ndash; Night of the Long Knives:
**Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)
**Gregor Strasser, Nazi politician (b. 1892)
**Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Prime Minister of Bavaria (b. 1862)
**Karl Ernst, Sturmabteilung leader (b. 1904)
**Erich Klausener, German politician (b. 1885)
* 1949 &ndash; Edouard Alphonse James de Rothschild, French financier and polo player (b. 1868)
* 1953 &ndash; Charles William Miller, British–Brazilian sportsman, considered as the 'father of Brazilian football' (b. 1874)
* 1954 &ndash; Andrass Samuelsen, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1873)
* 1959 &ndash; José Vasconcelos, Mexican writer and politician (b. 1882)
* 1961 &ndash; Lee De Forest, American inventor (b. 1873)
* 1965 &ndash; Margarete Sommer, German social worker (b. 1893)
* 1966 &ndash; Giuseppe Farina, Italian racing driver (b. 1906)
* 1971 &ndash; Crew of Soyuz 11:
**Viktor Patsayev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1933)
**Georgi Dobrovolsky, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1928)
**Vladislav Volkov, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1935)
* 1971 &ndash; Georgi Asparuhov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1943)
* 1971 &ndash; Nikola Kotkov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1938)
* 1973 &ndash; Nancy Mitford, British writer and biographer (b. 1904)
* 1974 &ndash; Alberta Williams King, mother of Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. 1905)
* 1974 &ndash; Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (b. 1890)
* 1984 &ndash; Lillian Hellman, American playwright (b. 1905)
* 1985 &ndash; Haruo Remeliik, 1st President of Palau (b. 1933)
* 1993 &ndash; George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (b. 1928)
* 1993 &ndash; Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor (b. 1962)
* 1995 &ndash; Georgy Beregovoy, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1921)
* 1995 &ndash; Phyllis Hyman, American singer and songwriter (b. 1949)
* 1996 &ndash; Lakis Petropoulos, Greek footballer (b. 1932)

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Chet Atkins, American musician and producer (b. 1924)
* 2003 &ndash; Buddy Hackett, American comedian (b. 1924)
* 2007 &ndash; Sahib Singh Verma, Indian politician, 4th Chief Minister of Delhi (b. 1943)
* 2009 &ndash; Pina Bausch, German choreographer (b. 1940)
* 2011 &ndash; Georg Sterzinsky, German cardinal (b. 1936)
* 2012 &ndash; Yitzhak Shamir, former Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1915)
* 2013 &ndash; Keith Seaman, Australian politician, 29th Governor of South Australia (b. 1920)
* 2014 &ndash; Frank Cashen, American baseball executive (b. 1925)
* 2014 &ndash; Alvaro Corcuera, Mexican priest (b. 1957)
* 2014 &ndash; Christian Fuehrer, German pastor and activist (b. 1943)
* 2014 &ndash; Alejandra Da Passano, Argentine actress (b. 1947)
* 2014 &ndash; Zeljko Sturanovic, former Prime Minister of Montenegro (b. 1960)
* 2014 &ndash; Pierre Bec, French Occitan language poet (b. 1921)
* 2014 &ndash; Paul Mazursky, American director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1930)
* 2014 &ndash; Frank M. Robinson, American writer and screenwriter (b. 1926)
* 2014 &ndash; Bob Hastings, American actor (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; Eddy Louiss, French jazz musician (b. 1941)
* 2015 &ndash; Leonard Starr, American cartoonist (b. 1925)
* 2016 &ndash; Martin Lundström, Swedish cross–country skier (b. 1918)
* 2016 &ndash; Geoffrey Hill, English poet (b. 1932)
* 2016 &ndash; Don Friedman, American jazz pianist (b. 1935)
* 2016 &ndash; Juan Habichuela, Spanish flamenco guitarist (b. 1933)
* 2016 &ndash; Gordon Murray, English puppeteer and television producer (b. 1921)
* 2017 &ndash; Simone Veil, French politician (b. 1927)
* 2017 &ndash; Barry Norman, English film critic (b. 1933)
* 2017 &ndash; Karunamaya Goswami, Bangladeshi musicologist (b. 1942)
* 2017 &ndash; Darrall Imhoff, American basketball player (b. 1938)

## Observances 
* Independence Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
* Philippine–Spanish Friendship Day
* Army Day (Guatemala)
* Revolution Day (Sudan)
* Navy Day (Israel)