open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rafael, Prince of Grão-Pará

**Rafael of Orléans-Braganza** (born 24 April 1986, Petrópolis, Brazil) is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil. He is Prince of Brazil according to monarchists disputed claims of the Imperial House of Brazil 'of Vassouras branch. He is the second in the line line of succession to the extinct Brazilian throne as heir to his uncle Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza following the death of his father Antônio, Prince Orléans-Braganza  in 2024. He was born in Petrópolis. He is the son of a widely considered [but yet disputed] non-morganatic marriage between the then Prince Antônio of Orleans-Braganza the Belgian Princess Christine of Ligne. An entrepreneur, Prince Rafael currently lives in London where he co-owns a consulting firm. Active in promoting the legacy and restoration of the Brazilian monarchy, he participates in monarchist events and represent the Brazilian Imperial Family in Europe.

## Titles, styles and honors
### Titles and styles
***26 April 1986 – 15 July 2022:** *His Highness* Prince Rafael , Prince of Orleans-Braganza
***15 July 2022 – present:** His Imperial Highness and Royal Highness The Prince Imperial of  Brazil
*  Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Rose

## Notes
## References
Len Goodman

**Leonard "Len" Gordon Goodman** (25 April 1944 &ndash; is an English professional ballroom dancer, dance judge and trainer. He was born in London, England.

## Works
Goodman was a head judge on the British television dance show *Strictly Come Dancing* from its start in 2004 until 2017. He also judged the American version of the show, *Dancing with the Stars*, from 2005 to 2023. He ran a ballroom dance school in Dartford, Kent.

## Death
## References
Shirley Ballas

**Shirley Annette Ballas** (née **Rich**, formerly **Stopford**; born 6 September 1960) is an English ballroom dancer, dance teacher, and dance judge.

## Dancing
She works in the International Latin division. It is where she won multiple championship titles earning her the nickname The Queen of Latin.

In 2016, Ballas was appointed as a head judge on the BBC One celebrity dancing show *Strictly Come Dancing* following the retirement of Len Goodman.
Motsi Mabuse

**Motshegetsi "Motsi" Mabuse** (born 11 April 1981) is a German-South African dancer.

## Works
She has appeared on ''Let's Dance*, the German version of *Strictly Come Dancing*, originally appearing as a professional dancer. But very later became a judge on the show. On 22 July 2019, it was announced that Mabuse would replace Darcey Bussell as a judge on series 17 of *Strictly Come Dancing''.
Pardon C. Williams

**Pardon Clarence Williams** (July 12, 1842 – January 18, 1925) was an American lawyer and judge.

## Early life and career 
Pardon Williams was born on July 12, 1842 in Ellisburg, New York. His father was William Williams Jr. and his mother was Jerusha Plummer.

Williams went to school in Pierrepont Manor. Later, he went to the Union Academy in Fort Plain and the Clinton Liberal Institute in Clinton. He studied at St. Lawrence University for two years. He started to teach in 1856 when he was 14 years old and he tought for six years until 1862. Williams worked on his families farm in the summers when he was a teacher. In spring 1862, he moved to Watertown and started to study law in the law firm Hammond & Bigelow. Williams was admitted to the bar in October 1863. Then, he became a member of the law firm Hammond & Williams after Bigelow became an editor of the Watertown Daily Times. General Bradley Winslow joined the law firm later, and it was renamed to Hammond, Winslow & Williams. In 1867, he started to practice law without a law partner. In 1868, he was elected district attorney of Jefferson County, and he served two terms until 1875. In March 1874, he became partners with Judge John C. McCartin and Williams.

## Later life 
In 1883, Williams was elected as a justice of the New York Supreme Court in the 5th Judicial District, and he started on June 1, 1884. His term ended in 1898. In 1895, Governor Levi P. Morton made Williams an associate justice of the Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court, First Judicial Department in New York City. He left the Appellate Division when his term ended in 1898. The local people didn't like that he had to leave his district for New York City, so he promised to stay in the Fifth Judicial District. In 1900, he became an associate justice of the Fourth Department of the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, which included New York City. Williams retired in 1912.

He was the judge for many murder trials, like for Roxana Druse. Williams had a reputation for being fair, and Governor Roswell P. Flower chose him as the judge for the trial of Bartholomew Shea and John McGough for the murder of Robert Ross.

Williams was an important member of the Republican Party in Jefferson County. He was a director of the Agricultural Insurance Company in Watertown. He was a member of the Jefferson County Bar Association, the New York State Bar Association, and the American Bar Association. He attended the Trinity Episcopal Church.

## Personal life and death 
He married Sarah E. Hewitt on September 9, 1868. Their children were Edith, Robert Plummer, and Marguitte. His son Robert was a clerk for Pardon. Williams died at his home on January 18, 1925. He was buried in Brookside Cemetery in Watertown.

## References 
### Sources 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* 
* Pardon C. Williams, First Department
* Pardon C. Williams, Fourth Department
Chuck Behler

**Charles Conrad Behler** (born June 13, 1965) is an American musician. He played drums for the thrash metal band Megadeth from 1987 to 1989. In 1988, he was on the album *So Far, So Good... So What!.* He was also in the 1988 documentary *The Decline of Western Civilization Part II: The Metal Years*. 

Behler was a roadie (person who helps a band with technical work) for Gar Samuelson, Megadeth's previous drummer. When Samuelson left the band, Behler started playing the drums for them instead. Behler was dismissed from Megadeth because he was addicted to cocaine. He was replaced by his roadie, Nick Menza.

## References
Ellisburg, New York

**Ellisburg** is a town in Jefferson County, New York. In the 2020 US Census, 3,352 people lived in Ellisburg. The town is in the southwestern corner of Jefferson County and is south of Watertown. The village of Ellisburg is inside the town.

## References
Glen Drover

**Glen Drover** (born May 25, 1969) is a Canadian guitarist. He is best known for having been the lead guitarist for Megadeth and King Diamond. He played in Megadeth with his brother, Shawn Drover.

## Bands 
* Eidolon 1993–2007
* King Diamond 1998–2000
* Megadeth 2004–2008
* Testament October 27, 2008 – October 31, 2008, March 1, 2010 – March 31, 2010 (in live concerts)
* Geoff Tate September 1, 2012 – November 23, 2012

## Music 
### Eidolon 
* *Sacred Shrine* (1995)
* *Zero Hour* (1996)
* *Seven Spirits* (1997)
* *NightMare World* (2000)
* *Hallowed Apparition* (2001)
* *Coma Nation* (2002)
* *Apostles of Defiance* (2003)
* *The Parallel Otherworld* (2006)

### Northern Light Orchestra 
* *Northern Light Orchestra* (2010)

### King Diamond 
* *House of God* (2000)

### Megadeth 
* *Arsenal of Megadeth* (2006)
* *That One Night: Live in Buenos Aires* (2007)
* *United Abominations* (2007)

### Glen Drover 
* *Metalusion* (2011)

### Walls of Blood 
* *Imperium* (2019)

## References
Pierrepont Manor, New York

**Pierrepont Manor** is a hamlet and census-designated place in Jefferson County, New York. In 2020, 212 people lived in Pierrepont Manor. Pierrepont Manor has a post office with the ZIP code of 13674, which opened on November 29, 1843. U.S. Route 11 and New York State Route 193 come together in the community. Pierrepont Manor is also connected to Interstate 81.

## Geography 
Pierrepont Manor has an area of .  of the land is land and  is water.

## References
Clinton Liberal Institute

The **Clinton Liberal Institute** was a coeducational preparatory school. The Universalist Church started it in Clinton, New York in 1831. The school moved to Fort Plain, New York in 1878, Clara Barton, the founder of the American Red Cross, and Leland Stanford, founder of Stanford University went to the Clinton Liberal Institute.

## References 
## Other websites 
* New York Heritage Digital Collection of images from the Clinton Liberal Institute
St. Lawrence University

**St. Lawrence University** is a private liberal arts college in Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York. It had about 2,400 undergraduate and 100 graduate students in 2017.
## References
I Know Where It's At

"'''I Know Where It's At'''" is a 1997 debut single by the band All Saints. It was taken from their debut self-titled studio album. It went to number 4 in the United Kingdom, number 8 in New Zealand, number 7 in Canada, number 12 in Australia, number 16 in Israel and number 19 in Ireland.

## References
You Don't Know Jack

'''''You Don't Know Jack'''* is a series of party video games, developed by Jackbox Games (previously known as Jellyvision Games, Inc.) and Berkeley Systems and also published by Sierra On-Line, as well as the first original video game of the same name. *You Don't Know Jack'' was also made into a game show on ABC too, "where high culture and pop culture collide", combines between trivia and comedy.

## Main Series 
* You Don't Know Jack (1995)
* You Don't Know Jack Volume 2 (1996)
* You Don't Know Jack Volume 3 (1997)
* You Don't Know Jack Volume 4: The Ride (1998)
* You Don't Know Jack: 5th Dementia (2000) 
::This game needs connection to a (now broken) server to play
* You Don't Know Jack Volume 6: The Lost Gold (2003)
* You Don't Know Jack (2011) 
::The first game to be released on console 

## Spin Offs 
* You Don't Know Jack Sports
* You Don't Know Jack Televison
* You Don't Know Jack Movies
* You Don't Know Jack Headrush
::Made for teens
Yury Zaitsev

**Yury Konstantinovich Zaitsev** (; 17 January 1951 – 30 September 2022) was a Soviet weightlifter and Olympic champion who competed for Soviet Union. He won a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.

## References
Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster

The **Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster** happened during a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, on 1 October 2022. Supporters of Arema F.C. invaded the football field. The police tried to stop the riot. They used tear gas. Many people got crushed and suffocated in the stampede when trying to escape.

## Disaster 
The disaster happened after a match between Arema F.C. and Persebaya Surabaya. At first, the match went well. Arema lost to Persebaya with a score of 2–3. Arema's supporters (called Aremania) invaded the pitch and rioted after their team lost. Around 3,000 supporters invaded the pitch.  The police had to use tear gas to stop the riot. This made people panic. Many tried to leave from a single exit. Because of this, people got crushed in the stampede.

## Victims 
The disaster killed at least 131 people. The

It is the second deadliest disaster in association football history.

## Response 
Because of the disaster, Liga 1, Liga 2 and Liga 3 matches were temporarily stopped. 

The National Commission on Human Rights of Indonesia plans to investigate the use of tear gas in the incident.

## References
Chandrashekar Azad

**Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari** ( (23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known as **Chandra Shekhar Azad**) was an Indian revolutionary activist and freedom fighter. He re-organised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) [en] under its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the execution of its founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, and three other prominent party leaders. 

He hailed from Badarka at Unnao in Uttar Pradesh. His parents were Sitaram Tiwari and Jagrani Devi. He often used the pseudonym "Balraj" when signing pamphlets issued as the commander in chief of the HSRA.

He was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, the shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, and last, in the attempt to blow up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.

Azad got to read the Communist Manifesto from his comrade Shiv Verma. Despite being a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money in support of Azad.

He has also worked with famous freedom fighter Bhagat Singh and helped him during violence in assembly.

On 27 February 1931, the CID head of the police at Allahabad, Sir J. R. H. Nott-Bower and Allahabad Police reached at Alfred Park to arrest Azad. The police arrived at the park and surrounded it from all four sides. Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered the park armed with rifles. Somehow, the shootout began. Azad's companion Sukhdev Raj escaped. But Azad hid behind a tree to save himself and began to fire from behind it. The police fired back. After a long shootout, he shot himself in the head with his gun's last bullet for holding true to his pledge to always remain *Azad* (Free) and never be captured alive.

## References 
## Further reading 
* Brahmdutt, Chandramani. *Kranti Ki Laptain*.  
* Krishnamurthy, Babu. *Ajeya* ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad  

## Other websites
Summertime Blues

"**Summertime Blues**" is a 1958 song written by singer Eddie Cochran and went to number 8 in the United States and number 18 in the United Kingdom. It was covered by The Who in 1970.

## References
Lonely (Eddie Cochran song)

"**Lonely**" is a song written by Sharon Sheeley and recorded by Eddie Cochran and was released posthumously in 1960. It went to number 41 in the United Kingdom and did not chart in the United States.
Ahmed Mustafa Zamal

**Ahmed Muztaba Zamal** is a Bangladeshi film critic. He is editor of *Celluloid*, a film magazine. He directs the Dhaka International Film Festival.  Zamal was a member of the International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI) independent jury at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1998 and 2018; at the Cannes Film Festival in 2002, 2005, and 2009; and at the Venice Film Festival in 2007.

## References
Charlie Chan in Panama

***Charlie Chan in Panama*** is a 1940 American crime mystery movie directed by Norman Foster and is an uncredited remake of the 1934 movie *Marie Galante*. It stars Sidney Toler, Jean Rogers, Lionel Atwill, Victor Sen Yung, Kane Richmond, Lionel Royce, Jack La Rue, Edwin Stanley, Addison Richards and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
*
*
*
When It's Love

"'''When It's Love'''" is a 1988 song by hard rock band Van Halen and taken from their eighth studio album OU812. It went to number 5 in the United States, number 23 in Ireland and number 28 in the United Kingdom.

## References
Anaconda (movie)

***Anaconda*** is a 1997 American adventure horror movie. It was directed by Luis Llosa and written by Hans Bauer, Jim Cash and Jack Epps Jr.. It starred with Jennifer Lopez, Ice Cube, Jon Voight, Eric Stoltz, Jonathan Hyde and Owen Wilson. It focuses on a documentary film crew in the Amazon rainforest that is captured by a snake hunter who is hunting down a giant, legendary green anaconda. The movie received mostly negative reviews but was a box office success. It grossed $136.8 million worldwide against a $45 million budget. It also became a cult classic. It was followed by a series of films.

## Cast 
* Jennifer Lopez as Terri Flores
* Ice Cube as Danny Rich
* Jon Voight as Paul Serone
* Eric Stoltz as Dr. Steven Cale
* Jonathan Hyde as Warren Westridge
* Owen Wilson as Gary Dixon
* Kari Wuhrer as Denise Kalberg
* Vincent Castellanos as Mateo
* Danny Trejo as Poacher
* Frank Welker and Gary A. Hecker as the voices of the Anaconda snake characters.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Steppe eagle

The **steppe eagle** (***Aquila nipalensis***) is a large bird of prey. It belongs to the family Accipitridae, like all eagles. The steppe eagle's well-feathered legs represents it to be a member of the subfamily Aquilinae. It is also known as the "booted eagles". This species was once known to be closely related to the sedentary tawny eagle (*Aquila rapax*). The two forms have previously been treated as conspecific. 

They were split based on pronounced differences in morphology and anatomy; two molecular studies, each based on a very small number of genes. They indicate that the species are distinct but disagree over how closely related they are.

Due to these and other reasons, the decline of the species is thought to be considerably in excess of 50%. Therefore, the species is considered to be endangered by the IUCN. The steppe eagle appears on the flag of Kazakhstan and is the national bird of both Kazakhstan and Egypt.
## References 
## Further reading 
* 

## Other websites 
* Steppe eagle species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
Akhtaruzzaman

**Akhtaruzzaman** (1946 or 1947 – August 23, 2011) was a Bangladeshi movie maker. He won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Director for directing the movie *Poka Makorer Ghor Bosoti* (1996). The movie won awards in eight different categories.

## References
Adim

**Adim** (English: ***The Instinct***) is a 2022 Bangladeshi crowd funded narrative feature film. It was released on August 30, 2022. The film is directed by Juboraj Shamim. Mohammad Nuruzzaman is the executive producer of the film. Amir Hamza is the Cinematographer of this Film. 

It has won two awards; the Silver Saint George (Special Jury Award) and the Netpack Jury Award at the 44th Moscow International Film Festival. It was featured in the Religion Today Filmfestival, held in Italy. It's also been a selected feature in the 2022 Queens World Film Festival, which is held in New York.

## Actor 
* Badshah 
* Sohagi 
* Dulal
* Sadek

## References
Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia

The **Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia** is an astronomy website, founded in Paris, France at the Meudon Observatory in 1995. It has a database of all the known and candidate extrasolar planets. 

The main catalogue has databases of all of the known extrasolar planets and a database of unconfirmed planet detections. The databases are updated with new data from peer-reviewed publications and conferences.

As of June 2011, the catalog includes objects up to 25 Jupiter masses, an increase on the previous inclusion criteria of 20 Jupiter masses.
As of 2016 this limit was increased to 60 Jupiter masses based on a study of mass–density relationships.

## References
Palmer's tree frog

'''Palmer's tree frog'* (*Hyloscirtus palmeri'') is a frog. It lives in forests. In Costa Rica and Panama, it lives 200 to 900 meters above sea level.  In Colombia's Cordillera Central (middle mountains), it lives 1600 meters above sea level.  In the Chocoan Region in Colombia and Ecuador, it lives 100 to 1000 meters above sea level.

## References
Bruno Tonioli

**Buno Toenail (**Italian pronunciation: [ˈbruno tonˈjɔli]; born 25 November 1955) is an Italian choreographer, ballroom and Latin dancer, and television personality.

## Works
He has appeared as a judge on the BBC One celebrity dancing show *Strictly Come Dancing* from 2004 to 2020. He also currently appears as a judge on the ABC TV version of *Strictly Come Dancing, Dancing with the Stars* in the United States of America. Tonioli co-created and appeared on the BBC One talent show DanceX and its American version, Dance War: Bruno vs. Carrie Ann. In January 2023 he became a judge on Britain's Got Talent.
Emergency Alerts

Emergency Alerts is a new public warning system being released in the UK in 2023. Since the US had an Emergency Alert System back in 1997 during peacetime, the UK has never had one. Since 2020, the UK government have been trailing out such a system in parts of the UK like Reading and East Suffolk. The system is a mobile alert system that will work like the WEA system in the US. Every phone will receive an alert with a message, and a dsctintive warning tone, also described as a 'siren-like sound'. The system will alert UK residents about life-threatening emergencies, and terrorists attacks. However, officials who work the system will not discuss how the UK population would be warned in an event of a nuclear attack.  The system has been launched in March 2023 with all compatible phones will receive a test message to demonstrate how the system works with the warning tone and vibration on the 23rd April, 2023 at 3pm.https://www.gov.uk/government/news/one-week-to-go-until-uk-emergency-alerts-test

## References
Oti Mabuse

**Otlile "Oti" Mabuse** (born 8 August 1990) is a South African professional dancer, talent show judge and television presenter. She is known for being a professional dancer on the reality television show *Strictly Come Dancing* and the German version of the show.

She was a celebrity judge on *The Greatest Dancer* and is currently a panellist on *The Masked Dancer.* Mabuse is also a judge on *Dancing on Ice*.

## Sources
Josef Bican

**Josef "Pepi" Bican** (25 September 1913 – 12 December 2001) was an Austrian-Czechoslovakian professional footballer who played as a striker. He is the second-most prolific goalscorer in official matches in recorded history according to Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation Soccer Statistics Foundation with 950 goals. 

According to RSSSF, Bican scored over 1813 total goals in over 1089 total matches. Totally, Bican scored 0 goals in more than 514 games for Slavia Praha including friendlies, with a ratio of more than two goals per game across his almost 15-year career at the club in total.

## Career statistics 
### Club 
### International
:''Scores and results list Austria's, Czechoslovakia's and Bohemia and Moravia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bican goal.''

## Honours
### Titles 
* 1 × Mitropa Cup: 1938 (Slavia Prag)
* 3 × Austrian Champion: 1934–35 (Rapid Wien), 1935–36, 1936–37 (Admira Wien)
* 4 × Czech champion: 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943
* 1 × Czechoslovak champion: 1946–47 (Slavia Prag)
* 2 ×  Czech Cup: 1940–41, 1941–42, (Slavia Prag), 1944–45 

## References
New York Supreme Court

The **Supreme Court of the State of New York** is the trial court of New York State Unified Court System. In many counties it is only used in civil trials, and most of the criminal trials are settled in County Court.
## References
Trinity Episcopal Church and Parish House

**Trinity Episcopal Church and Parish House** is an Episcopal church in Watertown in Jefferson County, New York. The church was built in 1889-1890. The parish house was built in 1912–1913.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

## References
Alan Dedicoat

**Alan Dedicoat** (born 1 December 1954) is an English broadcaster for programmes on BBC One.

## Works
He is known as the "Voice of the Balls" on the National Lottery programmes, providing a voice for the draws since 1995. He was a newsreader for BBC Radio 2 until his retirement from this role in March 2015. Dedicoat is currently the announcer on the BBC One celebrity dancing show *Strictly Come Dancing* and the American version of *Strictly Come Dancing Dancing with the Stars*.
New York State Bar Association

The **New York State Bar Association** (**NYSBA**) is a voluntary bar association for the state of New York.

## References
Janette Manrara

**Janette Manrara-Škorjanec** (born 16 November 1983) is a Cuban-American television presenter, choreographer and professional dancer from Miami, Florida, the United States of America.

## Works
Originally she was a salsa dancer, she learned from her Cuban family. She studied dance from the age of 19. 

Manrara was best known for her appearances on the American series *So You Think You Can Dance* and the BBC One celebrity dancing show *Strictly Come Dancing*. She is married to Slovenian dancer and co-star Aljaž Škorjanec. In June 2021, it was announced that Manrara would co-host the weekday show *Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two* with Rylan Clark-Neal.
Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts

On 30 September 2022, Vladimir Putin said that four Ukrainian oblasts would now be part of Russia. These are the oblasts Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson. These oblasts make up about 15% of the territory of Ukraine. Before the annexation, the people were asked if they wanted to join Russia. Because of the conflict, much of the population had left.

This annexation is the largest in Europe, beating Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea. It also made a land connection between Crimea and European Russia.

Because of the problems involved, no other state recognized this annexation except for North Korea. Ukraine, the European Union, the United States, and the United Nations have all said that the referendums and annexation had no legal basis or effect.

As a response to the annexation, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that Ukraine would apply to join NATO.

The size of the territory annexed is about , comparable to the size of Hungary or Portugal.

On 27 September, Russian officials claimed that the annexation "referendum" in Zaporizhzhia Oblast passed, with 93.11% of voters in favour of joining the Russian Federation.

Another problem is that fighting is still ongoing, and Russian forces do not control all of the territory they claim they annexed.

## Reactions 
A United Nations Security Council meeting was held on 30 September 2022 to vote on a resolution to punish Russia on annexation of these territories, resulting in 10 yes votes, 1 no vote and 4 abstentions. The resolution failed to pass due to Russia vetoing it. Brazil, China, Gabon, and India  from the vote.

### Ukrainian response 
On 7 August 2022, the president of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, said that "if the occupiers proceed along the path of pseudo-referendums they will close for themselves any chance of talks with Ukraine and the free world, which the Russian side will clearly need at some point." After the ceremony of annexation, Zelenskyy said that Ukraine would not negotiate with Russia "as long as Putin is president", and requested a "fast-track" NATO membership in response.

## Related pages 
* Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation

## Notes
## References
Necros

**Necros** was an American hardcore punk band. The band was made in Maumee, Ohio.

## Members 
* Barry Henssler - vocals (1979-1987)
* Todd Swalla - drums (1979-1987)
* Andy Wendler - guitar (1979-1981; 1982-1987)
* David Cooke - bass (1979)
* Brian Hyland - bass (1979-1980)
* Jeff Lake - bass (1980)
* Brian Pollack - bass (1980-1981); guitar (1981-1982)
* Corey Rusk - bass (1981-1983)
* Ron Sakowski - bass (1983-1987)

## References
Roxana Druse

**Roxalana "Roxana" Druse** ( &#x2013; February 28, 1887), was the last woman hanged in New York. She was the first woman hanged in 40 years in Central New York. Her execution didn't kill her instantly, and New York stopped using the gallows and started using the electric chair instead in 1890.

Mrs. Druse murdered her husband, William Druse, in their home in Warren, New York. She killed him by shooting him and decapitating him with an axe. Her son and daughter, George and Mary Druse, and nephew Frank Gates helped her kill her husband. Druse said that she killed her husband because he was abusive to her. She was sentenced to be hanged on February 28, 1887.

## Murder of William Druse 
On December 18, 1884, William Druse became a missing person. His family was Roxana Druse, his wife, Mary Druse, his 19 year old daughter, George Druse, his 10 year old son, and his 14 year old nephew Frank Gates.

Roxana said that she started to argue with William in the morning of the murder. Roxana took a revolver, and Mary put a rope around Williams neck while he was sitting at the breakfast table. Then, Roxana shot at William, but the revolver jammed. She told Frank to come inside, and gave the revolver to him, and told him to kill William or they would kill Frank. He shot William a few times, and Roxana took an axe and decapitated William.

She burned the rest of the body in the stove, and she said she would kill George and Frank if they confessed. She threw the ashes of Williams body in a pond, and the revolver and axe. On January 16, 1885, Frank confessed that they killed William. Roxana was arrested, and she also confessed. Druse said that she killed her husband because he was abusive to her.

## Hanging 
On October 6, 1885 Roxana was sentenced to be hanged on November 25, 1885, but later she was sentenced to be hanged on February 28, 1887.

Roxana Druse cried the whole day before she was hanged. Roxana Druse was hanged on February 28, 1887 at 11:48 a.m., and she was pronounced dead at 12:03 p.m. Physicians said that her neck wasn't broken, and she died of strangulation. New York stopped using the gallows 2 years later in 1890, and started using the electric chair. Many people think that Roxana was innocent, and she only confessed so that the murderer didn't get caught.

## References 
## Other websites 
The Notorious Roxana Druce, Part 1

The Notorious Roxana Druce, Part 2
Todd Boyce

**Todd Boyce** (born July 1, 1961) is an American-English actor. He is best known for portraying the role of Stephen Reid in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (1996–1997, 2007, 2022–2023).

## Career
Boyce joined the Australian soap opera *The Restless Years* in January 1980. He went on to star in the mini-series *Fields of Fire*. Boyce debuted in *Coronation Street* as Audrey Roberts' illegitimate son Stephen Reid in 1996. He appeared in 47 episodes of the series ranging between 1996 and 2007. He returned to the series in June 2022, before departing again in October 2023.

Boyce stars in the E4 comedy drama *Beaver Falls* as Bobby Jefferson, Head of Camp. In January 2012, he made a guest appearance in the British drama *Sherlock*. Later in 2012, he had a recurring role in the Channel 4 soap opera *Hollyoaks* as Herb Carter, and in 2013 he made a guest appearance in *Mr Selfridge*.

In 2016, he appeared in the Netflix series *The Crown*. His film credits include roles in ''I Can't Get Started* (1985), *The Punisher* (1989), *The Delinquents* (1989) opposite Kylie Minogue, *Blue Ice* (1992), *Jefferson in Paris* (1995), *Spy Game* (2001), *The Final Curtain* (2002) and *Flyboys'' (2006).

## Personal life
Boyce lives in London, England.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
### Video games
## References
## Other websites
*
Jonathan Joestar

**Jonathan "JoJo" Joestar** is a fictional character from ''JoJo's Bizzare Adventure Phantom Blood''. His dad is George Joestar, and his adoptive brother is Dio Brando. He is British and lives in the Joestar house with George (his dad) and Dio (his adoptive brother). His wife is Erina and they have 2 kids with each other (1 of them is adopted).
Fritz Zwicky

**Fritz Zwicky** (February 14, 1898 – February 8, 1974) was a Swiss astronomer. He created the idea of dark matter. He worked at California Institute of Technology for most of his life.

## References
Warlock (band)

**Warlock** was a German heavy metal band made in 1982. In the 1980s, they played with many popular metal bands, such as Dio, Judas Priest, and Megadeth.

## References
Bahram V

Bahram V, also known as: Bahram Gur - ruler of Persia from the Sassanid Empire, son of Yazdegerd I. Bahram inherited the throne at 420/421 after his father's sudden death (murder?), Reigned until 438. He waged wars with variable luck with the Christian Byzantium, he also repelled the Hephthalite invasion. Above all, however, he became famous among posterity as a ruler who loved the joys of life and was sensitive to the fate of the people.

He was called the Gur (Literally meaning: Onager), as he was keen on hunting Onagers, small animals of the equine family. He is the hero of numerous Persian and Arab legends. Omar Khayyam, Firdausi, and Hamza of Isfahan devoted his works to him. There is also quite a credible message about the origin of the Roma people associated with him

Contemporary historians, however, see him as a relatively weak ruler, excessively succumbing to the clergy of Zoroastrianism and the nobility.

## References
Blondie (album)

***Blondie*** is a debut studio album by Blondie. It was released on December 1976 through Private Stock Records. In 2020 it was ranked #401 in the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

## Track listing
List of Crayola crayon colors

Here are the 134 standard **Crayola crayon colors** arranged in alphabetical order. According to its chronology page, Crayola considers each "core color" to have been introduced in a specific year. These dates are reflected in the table below. The hex triplets below are representative of the colors produced by the named crayons.

* F = stands for *Fluorescent*
* M = stands for *Metallic*
* P = stands for *Pastel*

## Related pages
*Crayola
*List of Crayola marker colors
*List of Crayola colored pencils colors
*List of Crayola paint colors

## References 
## Other websites
I Will Follow

**"I Will Follow"** is a 1980 song by Irish rock band U2. It is the lead single from their debut studio album *Boy*. It peaked at number 34 in New Zealand and number 71 in Australia.

## Formats and track listings
**Note**
*The Netherlands release was recorded for the Veronica TV concert series *Countdown*, and was reissued in Germany in 1983. The cover of the Canadian and U.S. releases feature the same image as the North American release of *Boy*. The 1983 release was in a generic red sleeve with no cover artwork.

## References
Brass in Pocket

"**Brass in Pocket**" is the third single by The Pretenders. It is from their self-titled debut studio album. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa and Sweden, number 2 in Australia and New Zealand and number 14 in the United States.

## References
Candy-O

***Candy-O*** is the second studio album by American new wave rock band The Cars. It was released on June 13, 1979 through Elektra Records. It went to number 3 in the United States, number 4 in Canada, number 6 in New Zealand and number 7 in Australia.

## Track listing 
## References
Rosh HaAyin

**Rosh HaAyin** (, , ) is a city in the Central District of Israel. To the west of Rosh HaAyin is the fortress of Antipatris and the source of the Yarkon River. To the southeast is the fortress of Migdal Afek (Migdal Tzedek). In , it had a population of .

## Demographics 
According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2018, the ethnic make-up of the city was 97.9% Jewish, with a predominant number of young people below the age of 19. The population growth rate was 9.7% at the end of 2019.

## Notable people 
]]

* Nadav Argaman (born 1960), former head of Shin Bet (Israel Security Agency)
* Gal Gadot (born 1985), actress, producer, model, and former Miss Israel
* Benny Gantz (born 1959), former Chief of General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces; now a politician serving as Minister of Defense
* Odelya Halevi (born 1989), actress
* Yishai Levi (born 1963), singer

## Twin towns – sister cities 
* Kiryat Bialik, Israel
* Hurfeish, Israel
* New Orleans, United States
* Birmingham, United States
* Prague 1, Czech Republic
* Odesa, Ukraine
* Vanves, France
* Cixi, China

## Gallery 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Renan Contar

**Renan Barbosa Contar** (born December 25, 1983) is a Brazilian politician, currently a state deputy for Mato Grosso do Sul.  He is currently running in the second round for the government of Mato Grosso do Sul. 

He attended the Preparatory School of Cadets for the Army in 2002 in Campinas, Brazil.
He graduated from the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras in 2006 in Resende.
Graduated from the Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Oficiais - EsAO, in 2017.
Fluent in English and Spanish.

## References
New Kid in Town

"**New Kid in Town**" is a 1976 song by the Eagles. It was taken from their fifth studio album *Hotel California*. It went to number 1 in the United States and Canada, number 6 in New Zealand, number 8 in Spain and number 9 in the Netherlands and Norway. It won a Grammy award.

## References
Already Gone (Eagles song)

"**Already Gone**" is a 1974 song by the Eagles. It is the opening song from their third studio album *On the Border*. It went to number 12 in Canada and number 32 in the United States. It was covered by Wilson Phillips in 2004.

## References
Capitol Punishment: The Megadeth Years

***Capitol Punishment: The Megadeth Years*** is a compilation album by American thrash metal band Megadeth. It was released on October 24, 2000 by Capitol Records. It has songs from past Megadeth albums, as well as the new songs "Kill the King" and "Dread and the Fugitive Mind". The album also had a hidden song, "Capitol Punishment", which is a mix of other Megadeth songs.

## Track listing 
### Hidden track (US version) 
## References
Murder of Robert Ross

On March 6, 1894, in Troy, New York, during an election riot between pollwatchers and operatives of the local Democratic political ward boss who were repeat voting, a young poll watcher, Robert Ross, was shot and killed. His brother, William Ross, was also shot but he survived.

## References 
## Other websites 
* New York Times reportage
* *Albany Times-Union* story
Kashubia

**Kashubia** or **Cassubia** (, , ) is a language area in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region of northern Poland. 

## Geography 
Located west of Gdańsk and the mouth of the Vistula river, it is inhabited by members of the Kashubian ethnic group. The region is home to the Kashubian Lake District. According to the 1999 basic study *Geografia współczesnych Kaszub* (Geography of present-day Kashubia) by the Gdańsk scholar Jan Mordawski 43 municipalities (*gminas*) of the Pomeranian Voivodeship have a Kashubian share of at least one third of the total population:

* Cities: Gdynia (*Gdiniô*)
* Bytów County (*Bëtowsczi kréz*): Town of Bytów (*Bëtowò*) with Gmina Bytów, Gmina Czarna Dąbrówka (*Czôrnô Dãbrówka*), Gmina Lipnica (*Lëpnica*), Gmina Parchowo (*Parchòwò*), Gmina Tuchomie (*Tëchòmié*)
* Chojnice County (*Chònicczi kréz*): Town of Brusy (*Brusë*) with Gmina Brusy, Gmina Chojnice (*Chojnice*), Gmina Konarzyny (*Kònarzënë*)
* Człuchów County (*Człëchòwsczi kréz*): Gmina Przechlewo (*Przechlewò*)
* Lębork County (*Lãbòrsczi kréz*): Gmina Cewice (*Céwice*)
* Kartuzy County (*Kartësczi kréz*): Town of Kartuzy (*Kartuzë*) with Gmina Kartuzy, Town of Żukowo (*Żukòwò*) with Gmina Żukowo, Gmina Chmielno (*Chmielno*), Gmina Przodkowo (*Przedkòwò*), Gmina Sulęczyno (*Sëlëczëno*), Gmina Sierakowice (*Sërakòjce*), Gmina Somonino (*Somònino*), Gmina Stężyca (*Stãżëca*)
* Kościerzyna County (*Kòscérsczi kréz*): Town of Kościerzyna (*Kòscérzëna*) with Gmina Kościerzyna, Gmina Dziemiany (*Dzemiónë*), Gmina Karsin (*Kôrsëno*), Gmina Lipusz (*Lëpùsz*), Gmina Nowa Karczma (*Nowô Karczma*)
* Puck County (*Pùcczi kréz*): Town of Puck (*Pùck*) with Gmina Puck, towns of Hel (*Hél*), Jastarnia (*Jastarniô*) and Władysławowo (*Wiôlgô Wies*), Gmina Kosakowo (*Kòsôkòwò*), Gmina Krokowa (*Krokòwa*)
* Wejherowo County (*Wejrowsczi kréz*): Town of Wejherowo (*Wejrowò*) and Gmina Wejherowo, towns of Reda (*Réda*) and Rumia (*Rëmiô*), Gmina Choczewo (*Chòczewò*), Gmina Gniewino (*Gniewino*), Gmina Linia (*Lëniô*), Gmina Luzino (*Lëzëno*), Gmina Łęczyce (*Łãczëce*), Gmina Szemud (*Szëmôłd*)

## Culture 
### Kashubian emblem and flag 
Although there are no official rules for the use of Kashubian symbols, the griffin is considered the emblem and symbol of the Kashubians. The Kashubian griffin is in black on a yellow or gold background. The colors of the Kashubian flag are taken from the emblem - the upper color is black, and the lower one is yellow or gold. A Kashubian flag with a griffin in the center is also used. If there is an emblem on the flag, then the background is yellow.

## References 
## Other websites 
* kaszubia.com 
* kaszebsko.com
* Ducatus Pomeraniae Tabula Generalis in Qua sunt Ducatus Pomeraniae, Stettinensis, Cassubiae,... 1680
Fort Plain, New York

**Fort Plain** is a village in Montgomery County, New York. In 2020, 1,930 people lived in Fort Plain. The village is named after a fort that was built during the American Revolution near the village.

The village of Fort Plain is next to the Towns of Minden and Canajoharie, and is west of Amsterdam. Bud Fowler, the first African American professional baseball player, was born in Fort Plain.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Belmont 112

**Belmont 112** (also known as the Belmont Program) was a project attacking poverty in Philadelphia.  In 1987, philanthropist George Weiss began supporting 112 sixth-grade  girls and boys from  Belmont Elementary School in West Philadelphia.  He guaranteed them that he would pay for their education through college if they met some conditions.  The conditions were  that they did not use drugs, commit any crimes or have children unless they were married.

In addition to paying for their college educations, Weiss's program supported the children by giving them tutors, counselors, after-school programs, and medical and dental care.  

The program was the first one of Weiss's Say Yes to Education, Inc. efforts. Say Yes is a nonprofit set up to improve inner-city education. John McWhorter calls this a failure due to not considering cultural factors.  Conservative commentator Larry Elder, saying that since the college-graduation rate for the group was not different from that of children with similar backgrounds but without pre-paid education, "The money was wasted." He said the reason for the failure was a problem of character.  Thirty years after the project started, a CBS article said that Weiss "believes you can overcome poverty with education, but admits his expectations were probably unrealistic." 

## References
Ghost in the Machine (album)

***Ghost in the Machine*** is the fourth studio album by English band The Police. It was released on 2 October 1981 through A&M Records. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and Italy, number 2 in the United States, number 5 in New Zealand and Norway.

## Track listing
## References
Lovesong (The Cure song)

"**Lovesong**" is a song by English gothic rock band The Cure. It was released on 21 August 1989. It was taken from their eighth studio album *Disintegration*. It went to number 2 in the United States (their highest placing song) and number 10 in Canada.

## 311 version
"**Lovesong**" was covered by rock band 311 for the 2004 movie *50 First Dates* and went to number 59 in the United States.

## References
Shaggy dog

**(The) shaggy dog** may refer to:

* *The Shaggy Dog* (1959 movie), starring Fred MacMurray and Tommy Kirk
* *The Shaggy Dog* (1994 movie), a made-for-TV remake starring Ed Begley, Jr. and Scott Weinger
* *The Shaggy Dog* (2006 movie), a Disney live-action theatrical remake starring Tim Allen
Bad Boys for Life

***Bad Boys for Life*** (also known as ***Bad Boys III***) is a 2020 American action comedy movie directed by Adil El Arbi and Bilall Fallah and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, Will Smith and Doug Belgrad. The movie is the third installment in the *Bad Boys* trilogy.

The movie stars Smith as Mike Lowrey and Martin Lawrence as Marcus Burnett. Michael Bay makes a cameo appearance in this movie.

Bad Boys for Life received very positive reviews from critics and fans alike. The movie is widely considered the best *Bad Boys* movie in the trilogy. 

## Awards
## References
Wound Badge

The **Wound Badge** (German: *Verwundetenabzeichen*) was a German military decoration.
## Before WW2
It was first awarded to soldiers of the German Army who were wounded during World War I. Between the world wars, it was awarded to members of the German armed forces who fought on the Nationalist side of the Spanish Civil War, 1938–39. 
## During WW2
It was awarded to members of the *Reichswehr*, the Wehrmacht, SS, and the service organizations during World War II. After March 1943, due to the increasing number of Allied bombings, it was also awarded to civilians wounded in air raids. It was awarded when the wound was the result of enemy actions. 
## After WW2
In 1957, the West German government authorized a non-Nazi version of the basic (black, silver, & gold) badges for wear on the Bundeswehr uniform, among other certain Nazi-era wartime awards.
Madden NFL 08

***Madden NFL 08*** is a video game about the National Football League (NFL) for the Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii, GameCube, PC, Mac and Nintendo DS.

Former Tennessee Titans quarterback Vince Young is on the cover.

## References
Back on the Chain Gang

**"Back on the Chain Gang"** is a 1982 song by The Pretenders. It was used in the 1983 movie *The King of Comedy*. It was included in their third studio album *Learning to Crawl*. It went to number 5 in both the United States and Canada.

## References
Clemuel Ricketts Mansion

The **Clemuel Ricketts Mansion** (also known as the **Stone House**, the **William R. Ricketts House**, and **Ganoga**) is a Georgian-style house. It was made of sandstone. It was built in 1852 or 1855 on the shore of Ganoga Lake in  Sullivan County, Pennsylvania in the United States. It was home to several generations of the Ricketts family, which includes R. Bruce Ricketts and William Reynolds Ricketts. It was originally built as a hunting lodge. Also, it was a tavern and post office and it served as part of a hotel for much of the 19th century.

The house has seven rooms, four porches, and its original hardware and woodwork. Dormers and some windows were added in the renovation, and electrical wiring and modern plumbing have been added since. According to the NRHP nomination form, the Clemuel Ricketts Mansion "is a stunning example of Georgian vernacular architecture".

The mansion and lake are on a part of the Allegheny Plateau known as North Mountain. The plateau was formed about 300&nbsp;to 250&nbsp;million years ago in the Alleghenian orogeny. Rocks—gray sandstone with conglomerates and some siltstone—of the Mississippian Pocono Formation underlie the house and lake for more than 340&nbsp;million years old. The lake is in a shallow valley,  deep, which is seized by glacial till up to  thick at the southeast end, where Kitchen Creek exits.

After the house was built, the land was first part of Northumberland County. Later it became part of Lycoming County in 1795. The Susquehanna and Tioga Turnpike was built between 1822 and 1827. It followed the lake's western shore. It was connected the Pennsylvania communities of Berwick in the south and Towanda in the north. The lake was then known as Long Pond, and the Long Pond Tavern, just north of where the house was later built, was a lunch stop for the stagecoach on the turnpike. Sullivan County was formed from Lycoming County in 1847, and two years later Colley Township was formed from Cherry Township.

## References 
## Bibliography 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  *Note*: The map and architectural drawings included are also used as references in this article.
* 
*  (*Note*: OCLC refers to the 1961 First Edition).

## Other websites 
* William R. Ricketts House, North Mountain Colley, Colley, Sullivan County, PA: 3 photos, 6 measured drawings, and 6 data pages, at Historic American Buildings Survey
Bark at the Moon (song)

**"Bark at the Moon"** is a 1983 song by English heavy metal singer Ozzy Osbourne. It is the first single from the 1983 album of the same name. It went to number 21 in the United Kingdom and is frequently being voted one of Ozzy's best music videos.

## References
Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings

***Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings*** is a real-time strategy PC video game. It is developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft. It was released in 1999 for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh. It is the second game in the *Age of Empires* series. This game is set in the Middle Ages and contains thirteen playable civilizations. This game is usually played with keyboard and mouse.

There are five historically based campaigns, which conscript the player to specialized and story-backed conditions, as well as three additional single-player game modes; local area network and internet multiplayer are also supported. The first major competition was held in Korea in 2001.

*Age of Empires II: HD Edition*  was an updated high-definition graphics version of the game. It was released in 2013. The *HD Edition* includes the original game and the expansion *The Conquerors*, as well as new campaigns, civilizations, and it has an updated graphics for high-resolution displays. A remaster, *Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition*, was released in November 2019. This game came to Xbox in early 2023. 

## References 
## Other websites 
*