open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cornelia Cole Fairbanks

**Cornelia "Nellie" Cole Fairbanks** (January 14, 1852 – October 24, 1913) was the second lady of the United States from 1905 to 1909 as the wife of the 26th vice president of the United States, Charles W. Fairbanks.

She was born in 1852 and attended Ohio Wesleyan University.

She got married in 1874 to Charles W. Fairbanks and had five children. She died in 1913.

## References
COX-2 inhibitors

**COX-2 inhibitors** are a special type of analgesic. Cyclooxygenase (commonly abbreviated as COX) is an enzyme that has an important role in starting an inflammation and pain.  There are many different types of COX; the most common are known as COX-1 and COX-2. NSAIDs work by blocking COX. The problem with blocking all COX is that COX-1 is also used to regulate kidney function. Blocking COX-1 runs the risk of bleeding of the stomach, and reduction of the kidney function. COX-2 inhibitors only block COX-2, and do not have an effect on COX-1..  Clinical studies have shown that they increase the risk of a heart attack, and of a stroke.  Several COX-2 inhibitors have been taken off the market, because of these side-effects. 

Other than as an analgesic, COX-2 inhibitors have also been used in the treatment of cancer, and of some neurological conditions, such as depression, and schizophrenia.

Because of the severe side-effects, COX-2 inhibitors are usually only available with a prescription.
Economic surplus

An **economic surplus** is when you have more of something in the economy than people demand. There are two types:  

'''Consumers' surplus** is the gain by consumers who can buy a product for less than the highest price that they would be willing to pay.

**Producers' surplus''' is the amount got by producers who sell at a market price higher than the least  they would be willing to sell for.

## References
Simone D'Andrea

'''Simone D'Andrea''' (Milano,1973) is an Italian voice actor.

He is the Italian voice of James from Pokémon.

He is married with the voice actress Cristiana Rossi.
Gianluca Iacono

**Gianluca Iacono** (Turin,1970) is an Italian voice actor and speaker.

He is better known for his role as Vegeta from *Dragon Ball* and Gordon Ramsay in ''Hell's Kitchen''.
Tex Willer

**Tex Willer** is a fiction character from the comic Tex. 

He is a fictional Texas Ranger.

He is one of the most famous italian comic characters.
Martin Mystère

**Martin Mystère** is a fictional character from The Martin Mystère comics. He is a fictional detective from New York. He was born on 26th June 1942. His job is to investigate weird cases, usually accompanied with the caveman Java. 
He is one of the most known Italian comic characters.

Martin also appeared in the animated series Martin Mystery, where he is a student.
Pietro Ubaldi

**Pietro Ubaldi** (Milan, September 21 1955) is an Italian voice actor and singer and comedian.

## Biogaphy 
Pietro Ubaldi is born in Milan on September 21 1955. He is the italian voice of Patrick Star from SpongeBob SquarePants, Doraemon from Doraemon and Reinhardt from Overwatch.
VIP my Brother Superman

**VIP: My Brother Superman** (Italian: **VIP, mio fratello superuomo**) is a 1968 Italian animated film directed by Bruno Bozzetto. It is a parody of superheroes. It was successful commercially and got good reviews from critics.

In 2008 a spin-off TV series in 3D animation, PsicoVip, was produced.
## Cast
*Oreste Lionello as Mini VIP
*Fiorella Betti as Lisa  
*Micaela Esdra as Nervustrella
*Corrado Gaipa as the Colonel
*Pino Locchi as Schultz  
*Lydia Simoneschi as Happy Betty
Mehmed V

**Mehmed V Reşad** (; 2 November 1844 – 3 July 1918) was the 35th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He reigned from 27 April 1909 to 3 July 1918. He was born in Istanbul in 1844 and died in 1918 at the age of 73. From 1911-1913 the Italians took Libya and the Balkans had formed a Christian coalition and started a war with the Turkish Empire. It pushed the Turks away back to Anatolia. He was involved in World War 1 in the Caucasus Campaign (Russo-Turkish War: 1914-1918) fighting the Russian Empire as well as the Gallipoli Campaign fighting the British Empire and France. He was also involved in the Russian Revolution during The Great War but was not involved in the Armenian genocide by Enver Pasha.

## References
PsicoVip

***PsicoVip*** is an Italian 3D animated cartoon from 2008. 

It's based on 1968 movie VIP my Brother Superman.
Mondo Media

**Mondo Media** is an American company that produces animation targeted at teens and young adults. founded by John Evershed and Deirdre O'Mailey

## References
Il mondo di Stefi

''''* (*Stefi's World'') is an Italian animated series produced by Rai Fiction and The Animation Band and directed by Alessandro Belli. It premiered on Rai 3 on 19 April 2008 and was added to Rai Gulp in March 2009 and RaiSat Smash Girls in May 2009. It is based on the Stefi comics by Grazia Nidasio.

## Characters 
* **Stefania "Stefi"** (voiced by Patrizia Salerno)
* **Ezio Maria** (voiced by Fabrizio Mazzotta)
* **Aziz**
* **Valentina** (voiced by Maia Orienti)
* **Cesare** (voiced by Alberto Caneva)
* **Amedeo** (voiced by Nino D'Agata)
* **Maria** (voiced by Greta Bonetti)
Northern goshawk

The **northern goshawk** (*Accipiter gentilis*) is a medium-large raptor in the family Accipitridae. 

There are other species in this genus, but this bird is spoken of as *the* goshawk because it has a wide range over most of Europe, Eurasia and North America. Probably only the golden eagle has a wider range.

The goshawk is a "true hawk", and its scientific name in Latin is *Accipiter*, which means "hawk". 

In the Middle Ages only the nobility were permitted to fly goshawks for falconry.

It is mainly a resident bird, but those from colder regions migrate south for the winter.

## References
Gino the Chicken

***Gino the Chicken*** () is an satirical Italian television series. Originally it was a internet meme, only later it become a television series.

## Characters 
* Gino: A chicken singer as he gets send into the internet and befriends Andrea, a young boy. At the end of the series, Gino thanks the viewers and blows a kiss and forms a heart after he hosts a party with him and Andrea, along with Andrea's family.
* Gina: Gino's love interest and girlfriend, whom he falls in love with her.
* White Rabbit
* Dolly
* Chief Colby
* RayMundo
* Andrea: A young boy whom Gino befriends him.
Monster Allergy (TV series)

***Monster Allergy*** is an animated children's television series, produced by Rainbow S.p.A..

Monster Allergy is based on the comic book series of the same name. The series follows 12-year-old Ezekiel Zick (called Zick) who suffers from various allergies and has the ability to see the invisible monsters that live among us. Along with help of his best friend, Elena Potato and his talking cat, Timothy, Zick hopes to hone his powers to one day become a Monster Tamer just like his dad, Zobedja Zick.
Prisočka

**Prisočka**  (Присочка) is populated place in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska, Kotor Varoš Municipality.

The administrative area of Prisočka  includes a dozene villages; the larger is Palivuk.
*A village in Prisočka: Zuhrići (at the hill)

## Population
## Related pages
*Šiprage

## References
## Other websites 
* (-{Fallingrain}-)
* Prisocka Map — Satellite Images of Prisocka (Maplandia)
Mad scientist

mad scientist. Many people think about something like this when they hear or see the word "mad scientist".]]
A **mad scientist** is a fictional character who is a genius, but who wants to find out and do what no one else ever has and often what he should not. The character Victor Frankenstein is often said to be the first mad scientist, though Coppelius from The Sandman could also be called a mad scientist and The Sandman was published a year before Frankenstein was. 

They often work with fictional technology, they either fail to recognise the dangers of their actions or don't care about the consequences, and some attempt to play God.

Mad scientists are often shown as evil (evil genius) or insane. Some may be neutral or good, even if their actions are dangerous and irresponsible, which can make them mad scientists.
William Kaelin Jr.

**William "Bill" G. Kaelin Jr.** (born November 23, 1957) is an American professor of medicine at Harvard University and the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute. His laboratory studies tumor suppressor proteins.

Kaelin Jr. won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2019 with Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza.

## References
Peter J. Ratcliffe

**Sir Peter John Ratcliffe,** FRS, FMedSci (born 14 May 1954) is a British physician and scientist. He is trained as a nephrologist. He was a practicing clinician at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine and head of the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford from 2004 to 2016. 

In 2016 he became Clinical Research Director at the Francis Crick Institute, retaining a position at Oxford as member of the Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research and Director of the Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford.

Ratcliffe was born in Morecambe, Lancashire. 

Ratcliffe is best known for his work on cellular reactions to hypoxia, for which he shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William Kaelin Jr. and Gregg L. Semenza.

## References
Hypoxia (medical)

**Hypoxia** is a condition in which the body or a part of the body is lacking oxygen supply at the tissue level. 

Hypoxia may be classified as either *generalized*, affecting the whole body, or *local*, affecting a region of the body. 

## References
## Other page
*Anoxia
Gregg L. Semenza

**Gregg Leonard Semenza** (born July 1, 1956) is an American professor of pediatrics, radiation oncology, biological chemistry, medicine, and oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is the director of the vascular program at the Institute for Cell Engineering. He is a 2016 recipient of the Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. He is known for his discovery of HIF-1, which allows cancer cells to adapt to oxygen-poor environments. Semenza was born in New York City.

Semenza received the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine  for "discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability" with William Kaelin Jr. and Peter J. Ratcliffe.

## References
Cain Hope Felder

**Cain Hope Felder** (June 9, 1943 - October 1, 2019) was an American biblical scholar. He was professor of New Testament language and literature and editor of *The Journal of Religious Thought* at the Howard University School of Divinity. 

He also was chair of the Doctor of Philosophy program and immediate past chair of the Doctor of Ministry program. He had been on Howard's faculty from 1981 until his retirement in 2016. 

Felder died on October 1, 2019 at his Mobile, Alabama at the age of 76.

## References
Memories (Maroon 5 song)

"**Memories**" is a song by American pop rock band Maroon 5. It was released on September 20, 2019.  The song is about loss and remembering people who have died.  It uses the chord progression of Pachelbel's "Canon" but in G# minor instead of B minor.

On the October 7, 2019, episode of *The Ellen DeGeneres Show*, frontman Adam Levine revealed that he was inspired to write the song after his close friend and Maroon 5's manager, Jordan Feldstein, died in 2017.  Feldstein was also the older brother of actor Jonah Hill.

## References
Bill McKnight

**William Hunter McKnight**,  (July 12, 1940 – October 4, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was in the Canadian House of Commons from 1979 to 1993, and also was the Treaty Commissioner for the Province of Saskatchewan from 2007 through 2012. McKnight was born in Elrose, Saskatchewan. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.

McKnight died in Saskatoon on October 4, 2019 at the age of 79.

## References
Pepe Oneto

**José Manuel Oneto Revuelta** (14 March 1942 – 7 October 2019), better known as **Pepe Oneto**,  was a Spanish journalist and writer. He was one of the greatest journalists during the Spanish transition to democracy. He was born in San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain. In 1974 he joined the staff of the magazine *Cambio 16*, becoming its director in 1976. In 1986 he joined the Zeta Group, going on to run the magazine *Tiempo*, until 1996.

He was also Director of Informational at Antena 3 Televisión between 1996 and 1998. In 2000, and again in 2016, he was appointed member of the Board of Directors of Telemadrid.

Oneto died on 7 October 2019 at a hospital in San Sebastián, Spain at the age of 77 from sepsis caused by peritonitis.

## References
Dennis Day (Mouseketeer)

**Dennis W. Day** (July 12, 1942 —  July 17, 2018) was an American actor, singer, dancer and theater director. He was best known as one of the original cast members of *The Mickey Mouse Club*. After ending his career as a child actor, he went on to work as a theater director before relocating to Oregon in the 1980s.

Day disappeared in July 2018 and was found dead several months later at his home in Phoenix, Oregon.  A roommate was charged with his death in 2019.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bushwhacker

]]

**Bushwhacking** was a kind of guerrilla warfare that happened often during the American Revolutionary War, American Civil War, and other wars with large areas of disagreeable land and few governmental resources to control them.

That was very common in rural areas during the Civil War since there was fighting between supporters of the Union and of the Confederacy in the war. The perpetrators of the attacks were called "bushwhackers.

The term "bushwhacking" is still in use today to describe ambushes that have attrition as their goal.

## Related pages 
* Ambush
* Border Ruffian
* Jayhawker
* William Quantrill

## References
Jackson County, Oregon

**Jackson County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 223,259. The county seat is Medford. The county is named for Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States.

## References
Andy Buckley

**Andrew P. Buckley Jr.**  (born February 13, 1965) is an American actor, screenwriter, and stockbroker. He is best known for his role as David Wallace on the American comedy series *The Office* from 2006 to 2013.

## References
## Other websites
*
Victor Frankenstein

**Victor Frankenstein** is a fictional character in the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. He creates a monster by putting together dead parts into a body and then bringing the body to life, but is scared by how ugly the monster is and abandons it. The Monster comes back and asks for a wife. Victor creates a female monster but then destroys her instead of bringing her to life. The Monster gets revenge by killing everyone Victor Frankenstein ever cared about. Victor wants revenge on the Monster but dies of pneumonia before he can get it.
Gungnir

Gungnir is the mighty spear of the major Norse mythology god, Odin, which was fashioned for him by the dwarves known as the *Sons of Ivaldi* and is said to never miss its target.
Spencer Breslin

**Spencer Breslin** (born May 18, 1992) is an American actor and musician. He is the older brother of actress Abigail Breslin.

Beginning at the age of three, Breslin acted in over 50 commercials. He is best known for his roles in the feature films ''Disney's The Kid* (co-starring at the age of eight with Bruce Willis), *The Santa Clause 2: The Mrs. Clause* and *The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause* (as Curtis the Elf), *Return to Neverland*, *The Cat in the Hat*, *Raising Helen*, *The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement*, *The Shaggy Dog*, *Harold*, **The Happening**, and *Perfect Sisters*. His television credits include *Teamo Supremo*, *Stephen King's Storm of the Century*, and *Law & Order''. Movies in which he has acted have taken in a worldwide box office of over $1.3&nbsp;billion.
First Battle of Panipat

The **First Battle of Panipat** was an engagement between the Afghan Sultan of Hindustan, Ibrahim Lodi and the invading army of Timurid ruler Babur. 

Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat in 1526. In this Babur used the Rumi (Ottoman) device of lashing a large number of carts to form a defending wall with breastwork in between to rest guns (Tughlama system of welfare). His artillery was led by Ustad Ali and Mustafa. It marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gun powder firearms and field artillery.

The Mughal forces of Babur, the Timurid ruler of Kabulistan, defeated the much larger ruling army of Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan of Delhi. The battle was fought on 21 April near the small village of Panipat, in the present day Indian state of Haryana, an area that has been the site of a number of decisive battles for the control of Northern India since the twelfth century.

The use of guns by troops of Babur helped them claim victory in the battle. The Lodi troops were lagging in terms of artillery skills and the sound emitted by canons frightened the war elephants of Lodi.

## References
Stephen J. Lukasik

**Stephen Joseph "Steve" Lukasik** (March 19, 1931 – October 3, 2019) was an American physicist. He worked in multiple high-level defense and scientific related jobs for advancing the technologies for national defense in the United States. He was the second longest serving Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). 

He was also the first Chief Scientist of the Federal Communications Commission where he created its Office of Science and Technology and which facilitated the commercial deployment of new technology that included spread spectrum technology. He was born in Staten Island, New York.

Lukasik died of respiratory failure on October 3, 2019 in Fairfax, Virginia at the age of 88.

## Related pages 
* Office of Science and technology, Office of Science and Technology Policy (Government organizations)
* Respiratory arrest 

## References
Electronic Frontier Foundation

The **Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)** is an international non-profit based in San Francisco, United States. It was started in July 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor to promote Internet freedoms.

The EFF sponsors legal defense, defends individuals and new technology from unfair legal threats. It also monitors proposals that may weaken internet freedoms and liberties. It also monitors for possible weakening of fair use.

## Activities 
### Early Cases 
One of the first high profile cases of the EFF was *Steve Jackson Games, Inc. v. United States Secret Service.* In early 1990, Steve Jackson Games was under a massive search and seizure operation. Copies of the game GURPS Cyberpunk was considered as proof by mistake. Emails were also modified and were a new technology at the time. It was not considered to be protected by the right to personal privacy at the time.

*Bernstein v. United States* was the second large case of the EFF. Programmer Daniel J. Bernstein had sued the US Government for permission to release his cryptographic software against limits put by the government.

### DES Cracker 
During the mid-1990s, the United States Government did not allow for international use of any cryptographic product unless the ciphertext could be decrypted by a third-party with a promise that the government could not read messages protected by the Data Encryption Standard (DES) even after it was shown as weak and broken. The EFF had made a piece of hardware called the *EFF DES Cracker* that could crack a message within 24&nbsp;hours.

The plans and source code were made public.

## Software 
The EFF has made software and browser add-ons like Switzerland, HTTPS Everywhere, and Privacy Badger.

## References
Luke

**Luke** may refer to:

## People
*Luke (name), a masculine given name and a surname (including a list of people and characters with the name)
*Luke, also known as Luther Campbell, rapper from Florida
*Luke the Evangelist, the companion of Paul, often called Saint Luke or Luke of Antioch

## Biblical passages
*Gospel of Luke, a Christian Gospel
*Luke–Acts, the composite work of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testamen

## Music
**Luke* (album), by Steve Lukather
*Luke (French band)
* "LUKE", a song by Susumu Hirasawa from *Glory Wars*
*Luke Records, a record label

## Organizations 
**Accademia di San Luca*, (the "Academy of Saint Luke"), founded in 1577 as an association of artists in Rome 
*Guild of Saint Luke, a medieval artists' guild named after Saint Luke

## Places
* Luke (Čajniče), a village in the municipality of Čajniče, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Luke (Hadžići), a village in Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Luke (Ivanjica), a village in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia
*Luke (Pale), a village in the municipality of Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Luke, Estonia, village in Nõo Parish, Tartu County, Estonia
**Luke Manor
*Luke, Macedonia, a village in Kriva Palanka
*Luke, Maryland, a town in the United States
* Luke, an oldentime English overname of the Dutch placename Luik, now known as Liege, Belgium; also, an English word for goods such as velvet and iron from Luik
* Luke Air Force Base, Glendale, Arizona, United States
*Luke Field, Ford Island, Hawaii, United States, name of the Army Air Force airfield from 1919 to c. 1939
*Luke railway station, Luke, Manitoba, Canada

## Other uses
* Luke, a 1970s British boutique run by Gordon Luke Clarke
*Baron Luke, a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Phoenix, Oregon

**Phoenix** is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. The population was 4,475 at the 2020 census. Phoenix is a part of the Medford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the town burned down on September 8, 2020, because of the Almeda fire. In 2019, a movie with the same name was released, becoming the highest-grossing film during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

## References
Photocopier

photocopier in 2010]]
A **photocopier** (also called **copier** or **copy machine**) is a machine that copies words or pictures from one paper to another.
Jim Peebles

**Phillip James Edwin Peebles**  (born April 25, 1935) is a Canadian-American physicist and theoretical cosmologist. He is currently the Albert Einstein Professor Emeritus of Science at Princeton University. 

Peebles was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2019 for his theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology. In November 2019, Peebles noted, in his award presentation, that he does not support the Big Bang Theory, due to the lack of concrete supporting evidence, and stated, "It's very unfortunate that one thinks of the beginning whereas in fact, we have no good theory of such a thing as the beginning."

## References
Didier Queloz

**Didier Patrick Queloz** (born February 23, 1966) is a Swiss astronomer. He is a professor at the University of Geneva and the University of Cambridge and a fellow of Trinity. He shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics with Michel Mayor and Jim Peebles.

## References 
## Other websites 
* "SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)", query for Didier Queloz. Includes 200 abstracts with Queloz listed as an author or co-author a/o February 23, 2017.
Michel Mayor

**Michel Gustave Édouard Mayor** (born 12 January 1942) is a Swiss astrophysicist. He was professor emeritus at the University of Geneva's Department of Astronomy. He retired in 2007, but works as a researcher at the Observatory of Geneva. He is co-winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics, the 2010 Viktor Ambartsumian International Prize, and the winner of the 2015 Kyoto Prize.

Together with Didier Queloz in 1995 he discovered 51 Pegasi b, the first extrasolar planet orbiting a sun-like star, 51 Pegasi. Because of this, Mayor and Queloz won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star".

## References
E. D. Hirsch

**E. D. Hirsch** is **Eric Donald Hirsch Jr.** (; born March 22, 1928. He is an American educator and academic literary critic. He is professor emeritus of education and humanities at the University of Virginia. 

In the 1960s Hirsch's *Validity in Interpretation* made an important work to contemporary literary theory and he was called "the founder of contemporary intentionalism". 

In popular culture Hirsch is best known for his work on cultural literacy, and is the founder and chairman of the Core Knowledge Foundation. 
 
He is a long-term critic of American schools, and promotes ideas for improving the education of children. His ''The Schools We Need: And Why We Don't Have Them* (1996) was hated by the liberal left. It also managed to annoy the right wing because it attacked the local control of schools. in 2016 he published * Why Knowledge Matters: Rescuing our Children from Failed Educational Theories*. This outlined three major problems with education in the United States. These are, according to him, the emphasis on teaching skills, such as critical thinking skills, rather than knowledge, individualism rather than communal learning, and developmentalism, that is, teaching children what is "appropriate" for their age.

Beginning in 1990s, Hirsch began publishing books in the *Core Knowledge Grader Series'' which the Foundation describes as "an engaging, illustrated guide to the essential knowledge outlined in the Core Knowledge Sequence". This series of books was received well by parents educating children at home, and it has been adopted by many school systems.
 
Sol Stern, a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute who has written extensively on education reform, wrote in 2013 that Hirsch was "the most important education reformer of the past half-century."

## References
Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro

**Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro** (10 January 1924 – 8 October 2019) was a Spanish scuba diver, underwater cameraman and photographer. He was the designer of a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) and also was the tester of scuba diving gear for the Nemrod trade mark. He was born in Barcelona.

He wrote five books describing his underwater experiences: *La llamada de las profundidades*, *Mis amigos los peces*, *¡Fondo!*, *Tierras y profundidades* and *Mi aventura submarina*.

Admetlla i Lázaro died on 8 October 2019 in Barcelona at the age of 95.

## References
Municipalities of Spain

The **municipalities of Spain** (, , , , , ; sing. *municipio*) are towns or cities that have a ruling governor or mayor. If you have one of those your town or city is a municipality in Spain.

## Related pages 
* List of municipalities in Spain
Vlasta Chramostová

**Vlasta Chramostová** (17 November 1926 – 6 October 2019) was a Czech movie actress. She appeared in 35 movies from 1950 until her death. She starred in the 1950 movie *The Trap* which was entered into the 1951 Cannes Film Festival. She was born in Brno.

Other movie roles include: *The Secret of Blood* (1953), *The Cassandra Cat* (1963), *The Cremator* (1969), *Sekal Has to Die* (1998) and *Leaving* (2011).

Chramostová died in Brno on 6 October 2019 at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Masaichi Kaneda

was a Japanese professional baseball pitcher. He was one of the best-known pitchers in Japanese baseball history, and was the only Japanese pitcher to have won 400 games. He was added in the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988. Kaneda was born in Heiwa, Aichi.

Kaneda died on October 6, 2019 in Tokyo of sepsis at the age of 86.

## References
Martin Lauer

**Karl Martin Lauer** (2 January 1937 &ndash; 6 October 2019) was a West German sprinter. He won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen.

Lauer died on 6 October 2019 at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Karen Pendleton

**Karen Anita Pendleton** (August 1, 1946 – October 6, 2019) was an American child television actress. She was the original *Mickey Mouse Club* Mouseketeer on ABC television from 1955 to 1959. She was one of only nine Mouseketeers who were on the show during its entire original run. Pendleton was born in Glendale, California.

Pendleton died in Fresno, California on October 6, 2019 from a heart attack at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
*Karen Pendleton  at Original MMC Show 
*
David Petel

**David Petel** (, 6 September 1921 – 6 October 2019) was an Iraqi-born Israeli politician. He was a member of the Knesset for Mapai from 1959 until 1969. He was born in Basra, Iraq. He was a member of the Alignment after the Mapai party ended. Petel died in Ramat Gan on 6 October 2019 at the age of 98.

## References
Estimator

In statistics, an **estimator** is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given amount based on observed data. The rule (the estimator), the amount that is being measured (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are different.

An estimator of a parameter \theta is often written as \hat\theta. If the expected value of the estimator is equal to the parameter, then the estimator is called unbiased. Otherwise, it is called biased.

## Related pages 
* Efficiency (statistics)

## References
## Other websites
*Fundamentals on Estimation Theory
Statistical parameter

A **statistical parameter** or **population parameter** is an amount put into the probability distribution of a statistic or a random variable. It can be thought of as a numbered amount of a trait of a statistical population or a statistical model.

A statistical parameter is different from its estimator in that the parameter is a fixed amount, while the value of an estimator changes according to some probability distribution. The notations \theta (for the parameter) and \hat{\theta} (for the estimator) are often used to clarify this distinction.

## Related pages
*Parameter

## References
FightAIDS@Home

The **FightAIDS@Home** project uses the technique of distributed computing to find a way to eradicate the HIV.

FightAIDS@Home has been running since 2002 and joined World Community Grid on 21 November 2005.

The project uses the World Community Grid distributed computing platform that uses the well-known Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing distributed computing platform.

## Other websites
* FightAIDS@Home  
* World Community Grid
IPhone 11

The **iPhone 11** is a smartphone sold by Apple Inc.  It replaced the iPhone X that was released in 2018.  The iPhone 11 has two rear camera lenses but still has a 6.1-inch screen, like the X.  It is available in purple, white, yellow, green, black, and PRODUCT(RED) finishes, with 64 GB, 128 GB, and 256 GB storage options.  The starting price is US $699. It is the least expensive 2019 iPhone model, when compared to the iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Marcello Giordani

**Marcello Giordani** (born **Marcello Guagliardo**; 25 January 1963 – 5 October 2019) was an Italian operatic tenor. 

He sang leading roles of the Italian and French repertoire in opera houses throughout Europe and the United States. He worked with the New York Metropolitan Opera, where he sang in over 240 performances from the time of his debut there in 1993. He founded the Marcello Giordani Foundation to help young opera singers.

Giordani died on 5 October 2019 in Augusta, Sicily from a heart attack at the age 56.

## References
Ella Vogelaar

**Catharina Pieternella "Ella" Vogelaar** (23 December 1949 – 7 October 2019) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and trade union leader. Vogelaar was born in Steenbergen, Netherlands. She was the Minister for Housing,  Communities and Integration from February 2007 through November 2008.

Vogelaar killed herself on 7 October 2019 in Utrecht at the age of 69.

## References
Adair, Illinois

**Adair** is an unincorporated census-designated place in McDonough County, Illinois, in the United States. It had a population of 212 in 2020.

## References
Efficiency (statistics)

In the comparison of statistical procedures, **efficiency** is a measure of an estimator's quality. This would be about the estimator of an experimental design, or of a hypothesis testing procedure.  Basically, a more efficient estimator, experiment, or test needs fewer observations than a less efficient one to get a given performance.

## References
PlayStation 5

The **PlayStation 5** (**PS5**) is the fifth home video game console made by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was released at the end of 2020. Most games from the PlayStation 4 work with it. There are two versions of the console, one with a Blu-ray optical disc drive that costs $500. The second version costs $400 and does not have the disc drive. On the version with no disc drive, games can only be bought and downloaded from the PlayStation Store.

As of 20 December 2023, over 50 million PlayStation 5 consoles have been sold.

### Remote Play 
Remote Play allows for playing games on the PlayStation 5 from a PC or mobile phone.

## References
Method of moments (statistics)

In statistics, the **method of moments** is a method of estimation of population parameters.

## Method
Suppose that the problem is to estimate k unknown parameters \theta_{1}, \theta_2, \dots, \theta_k describing the distribution f_W(w; \theta) of the random variable W. Suppose the first k moments of the true distribution (the "population moments") can be expressed as functions of the  \thetas:

: 
\begin{align}
\mu_1 & \equiv \operatorname E[W]=g_1(\theta_1, \theta_2, \ldots, \theta_k) , \\[4pt]
\mu_2 & \equiv \operatorname E[W^2]=g_2(\theta_1, \theta_2, \ldots, \theta_k), \\
& \,\,\, \vdots \\
\mu_k & \equiv \operatorname E[W^k]=g_k(\theta_1, \theta_2, \ldots, \theta_k).
\end{align}

Suppose a sample of size n is drawn, and it leads to the values w_1, \dots, w_n. For j=1,\dots,k, let 
:\widehat\mu_j = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n w_i^j 
be the *j*-th sample moment, an estimate of \mu_j. The method of moments estimator for \theta_1, \theta_2, \ldots, \theta_k  denoted by \widehat\theta_1, \widehat\theta_2, \dots, \widehat\theta_k  is defined as the solution (if there is one) to the equations: 

: 
\begin{align}
\widehat \mu_1 & = g_1(\widehat\theta_1, \widehat\theta_2, \ldots, \widehat\theta_k), \\[4pt]
\widehat \mu_2 & = g_2(\widehat\theta_1, \widehat\theta_2, \ldots, \widehat\theta_k), \\
& \,\,\, \vdots \\
\widehat \mu_k & = g_k(\widehat\theta_1, \widehat\theta_2, \ldots, \widehat\theta_k).
\end{align}

## Reasons to use it
The method of moments is simple and gets consistent estimators (under very weak assumptions). However, these estimators are often biased.

## References
Andy Etchebarren

**Andrew Auguste "Andy" Etchebarren** (June 20, 1943 – October 5, 2019) was an American professional baseball player and minor league manager. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) for a total of 15 seasons for the Baltimore Orioles (1962 and 1965–75), California Angels (1975–77) and Milwaukee Brewers (1978).

Etchebarren died on October 5, 2019 in Santee, California at the age of 76.

## References
Santee, California

**Santee** is a suburban city in San Diego County, California, with a population of 60,037 at the 2020 census.

## References
John B. Goodenough

**John Bannister Goodenough** (July 25, 1922 &ndash; June 25, 2023) was an American professor and solid-state physicist. He was a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at University of Texas at Austin. He is known for his creation of the lithium-ion battery, which is used on cellphones such as iphones.

## Career
In 2014, he won the Charles Stark Draper Prize for his works on the lithium-ion battery. In 2019, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino. At age 97, he is the oldest person to win a Nobel prize. His other works also focus on the field of magnetism.

He was a Professor at The University of Texas at Austin. During his time there, he has worked on research on ionic conducting solids and electrochemical devices. He wanted to study fixing materials for batteries to help create electric vehicles and help end the use of fossil fuels. Goodenough discovered the polyanion class of cathodes. They showed that positive electrodes having polyanions, sulfates, create higher voltages than oxides because of the inductive effect of the polyanion.

In 2011, Goodenough was honored with the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama.

## Personal life
Goodenough was born in Jena, Germany, to American parents. During and after graduating from Yale University, Goodenough was a U.S. military meteorologist in World War II. He got a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Chicago. He became a researcher at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and later the head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford. He was married to Irene Wiseman from 1954 until her death in 2016.

Goodenough turned 100 in July 2022.

Goodenough died on June 25, 2023 in Austin, Texas at the age of 100.

## References
## Other websites
*Faculty Directory at University of Texas at Austin
*Array of Contemporary American Physicists
*History of the lithium-ion battery, Physics Today, Sept. 2016
* by The Electrochemical Society, October 5, 2016
*Are Solid State Batteries about to change the world?, Joe Scott, November 2018, Goodenough and team research on more energy dense solid state Li-ion chemistry featured 3:35–12:45.
* Pr John Goodenough's interview GOODENOUGH John B., 2001-05 - Sciences : histoire orale on École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris history of science website
Akira Yoshino

is a Japanese chemist. He is a professor at Meijo University. He is the inventor of lithium-ion battery (LIB) often used in cellular phones and notebook computers. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019.

## References
Spring River (Missouri)

]]

The **Spring River** is a river in southwestern Missouri, southeastern Kansas, and northeastern Oklahoma. It is 

## References
## Other websites
*
* Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory
Cession

The act of **cession** is the transfer of property to another entity (person, country, etc.).  In international law, it commonly refers to land transferred by a treaty. It is different from annexation, where property is taken by force. Cession is voluntary or is supposed to be.

## Retrocession
**Retrocession** is to return something (e.g., land) that was ceded.

## Related pages
* Border dispute
Deficit spending

**Deficit spending** is when someone is spending more money than they have. In other words, it is when there is more spending than there is revenue. It is also called simply **deficit**, or **budget deficit**. The opposite of a deficit is a budget surplus. The term may be used for the budget of a government, private company, or person.

Government deficit spending is a point of controversy in economics, with important economists having different views.

## Related pages
* Keynesian economics
* Fiscal policy
*Economic deficit

## References
Monument Rocks (Kansas)

**Monument Rocks** (also **Chalk Pyramids**) are a series of big chalk formations in Gove County, Kansas. It has many fossils. The formations were the first landmark chosen by the US Department of the Interior as a National Natural Landmark. The chalk formations reach a height of up to . It includes formations such as buttes and arches. The carbonate deposits were laid down during the Cretaceous Period in what was then the Western Interior Seaway. It split the continent of North America into two landmasses. They are estimated to have been formed 80 million years ago.

## History
On January 29, 2008, Monument Rocks, 25 miles south of Oakley, Kansas, and Castle Rock, 31 miles to the east, together were named as one of the 8 Wonders of Kansas.

## References
## Other websites
*Monument Rocks (Chalk Pyramids)
*Monument Rocks/Rock Pyramids
*Monument Rocks 
*Gove County Map , KDOT
Halle and Landsberg attack

The **2019 Halle and Landsberg attack** was a shooting incident that happened on 9 October 2019 in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Two people were killed, and two others were severely injured. 

The suspect was arrested later the same day. He is 27-year-old German, Stephan Balliet from Saxony-Anhalt. Federal investigators called the attack a far-right and antisemitic crime.

## References
M. Stanley Whittingham

**M. Stanley Whittingham** (born 22 December 1941) is an English-American chemist.  He is currently a professor of chemistry and director of both the Institute for Materials Research and the Materials Science and Engineering program at Binghamton University, part of the State University of New York. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019.

## References
Marija Pejčinović Burić

**Marija Pejčinović Burić** (; born 9 April 1963) is a Croatian politician. She was the 14th Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia and Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia from 19 June 2017 to 19 July 2019.

On 26 June 2019, she was elected as the 14th Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Pejčinović Burić's term began on 18 September 2019.

## References
2019 Ecuadorian protests

The **2019 Ecuadorian protests** are an ongoing series of protests and riots against the end of fuel subsidies and austerity measures by President of Ecuador Lenín Moreno and his administration.

The protests began on 3 October 2019, as taxi, bus and truck drivers came out in protest against the planned fuel subsidy abolition. Indigenous peoples groups joined the protests shortly thereafter, along with university students and labour unions. The protesters declared their plan to hold an indefinite general strike, which would last until the government overturned its decision. 

President Moreno declared a state of emergency on October 4, 2019, amid nationwide protests against a hike in fuel prices. The protests had weakened the country's transport network with all major roads and bridges blocked in the capital Quito.

Shortly thereafter, President Lenín Moreno refused to discuss a potential reversal of the fuel plans and called protesting crowds as "criminals".

On 8 October 2019, President Moreno said his government had relocated to the coastal city of Guayaquil after anti-government protesters had overrun the capital Quito. On the same day, President Moreno accused his predecessor Rafael Correa of creating a coup against the government with the help of Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro, a charge which Correa denied.

During the late-night hours of 13 October, the Ecuadorian government and CONAIE reached an agreement during a televised negotiation. Both parties agreed to collaborate on new economic measures to combat overspending and debt. The austerity measures were reversed. 

## References
John M. Kosterlitz

**John Michael Kosterlitz** (born June 22, 1943) is a British-American physicist. He is a professor of physics at Brown University and the son of biochemist Hans Kosterlitz. He was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics along with David Thouless and Duncan Haldane for work on condensed matter physics.

Kosterlitz was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1978.

## References
Crassier

**Crassier** is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Olga Tokarczuk

**Olga Nawoja Tokarczuk** (; born 29 January 1962) is a Polish writer and activist. 

In 2018, she won the Man Booker International Prize for her novel *Flights*, becoming the first Polish writer to do so. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for the year 2018 (awarded in 2019).

## References
Mikhail Biryukov (tennis)

**Mikhail Sergeyevich Biryukov** (; 28 April 1992 – 4 October 2019) was a Russian junior tennis player. His highest ATP singles ranking was 292. After his retirement from professional tennis at age 22, he was a coach of under 16 player Alexey Zakharov. He was the son of four-time World Champion in modern pentathlon, Irina Kiseleva.

## References
Yevgeny Bushmin

**Yevgeny Viktorovich Bushmin** (, 4 October 1958 – 6 October 2019) was a Russian politician. He was a Deputy of the 1st State Duma and Deputy Finance Minister. He was the member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly as the representative of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. 

Bushmin died on 6 October 2019, two days after his 61st birthday, after a long-illness.

## References
Blaine Lindgren

**Harold Blaine Lindgren** (June 26, 1939 – October 5, 2019) was an American sprinter. He competed mainly in the 110 m hurdles. He won this event at the 1963 Pan American Games. He won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Lindgren died on October 5, 2019 in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Ugo Colombo

**Ugo Colombo** (22 February 1940 – 10 October 2019) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode the Giro d'Italia in 1964–1974 with Filotex, with the best result of third place in 1971, and the Tour de France in 1966–1968, placing tenth in 1968.

Colombo died on 10 October 2019 at the age of 79.

## References
Jan Szyszko

(19 April 1944 – 9 October 2019) was a Polish forester, educator and politician. He was Minister of Environment from 1997 through 1999, from 2005 through 2007 and again from 2015 through 2018. Szyszko was born in Warsaw. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005.

Szyszko died on 9 October 2019 in Warsaw of a heart attack at the age of 75.

## References
## Other websites
*Jan Szyszko – parliamentary page  – includes declarations of interest, voting record, and transcripts of speeches.
Tony Hoar

**Tony Hoar** (10 February 1932 &ndash; 5 October 2019) was a British racing cyclist. He represented England in the road race at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, Canada.

He finished in last place in the 1955 Tour de France.

Hoar died on 5 October 2019 of cancer at the age of 87.

## References
Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof

**Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof** (born **Ludwik Krzysztof Zamenhof**, 23 January 1925 – 9 October 2019) was a Polish-French civil and marine engineer of Jewish descent. He worked in the design of structural steel and concrete construction. Zaleski-Zamenhof wrote a foreword to ''L'homme qui a défié Babel'' ("The man who defied Babel", 2003), a French-language biography, by René Centassi and Henri Masson, of the originator of Esperanto.

## Writings
J. P. Bonin, G. Deleuil and L. C. Zaleski-Zamenhof. "Foundation analysis of marine gravity structures submitted to cyclic loading." Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas (1976). pp.&nbsp;571–579 

## References
Eysins

**Eysins** is a municipality in Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Andrés Gimeno

**Andrés Gimeno Tolaguera** (3 August 1937 – 9 October 2019) was a Spanish tennis player. In 1972, when he won the French Open and he was the oldest first-time grand slam champion of the open era at 34 years of age.

Gimeno died of cancer, on 9 October 2019, at the age of 82.

## References
Matteson, Illinois

**Matteson**  is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States and southern suburb of Chicago. The population was 19,073 at the 2020 census.

## References
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)

The **Treaty of Fontainebleau** was a secret agreement in 1762. In this treaty, France ceded Louisiana to Spain. The treaty happened shortly after the last battle in the French and Indian War in North America. This battle was the Battle of Signal Hill, and it happened in September 1762. This battle strengthened British control of Canada. In Europe, the related Seven Years' War continued. Because France already lost Canada, King Louis XV of France proposed to King Charles III of Spain that France should give Spain "the country known as Louisiana, as well as New Orleans and the island in which the city is at." Louis proposed the cession on November 13 and Charles accepted on November 23, 1762.

## References