open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Shaani

***Shanee*** is a 1989 Pakistani movie starring Babra Sharif, Sheri Malik and Ghulam Mohiuddin and directed by Saeed Rizvi. The movie was known for its special effects which were first used in Pakistan.

## References
Capitán Sarmiento, Buenos Aires

**Capitán Sarmiento** is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the head town of the Capitán Sarmiento Partido.

## History
The town and Partido were created on December 21 1961. It was named after Domingo Fidel Sarmiento, son of former President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento.
Please Forgive Me

"**Please Forgive Me**" is a single by Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams from 1993. The song was made as a bonus track on Adams compilation album *So Far So Good*. It is Adams's only Australian #1 single not written for a motion picture, and also reached #7 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100. "Please Forgive Me" is a slow power ballad written by Adams himself and Robert Lange. The song has an instrumental intro, which is only found on the album version of the song.

## Music video 
The music video is filmed in a recording studio and features Adams, his band and a dog.

## Single track listing 
## References
Children in Need

**BBC Children in Need** is a British charity. It is run by the BBC. It takes place every year in November. The appeal has raised over £1 billion since it started in 1980.

## Overview 
Children in Need has been given one evening on BBC One every year since 1980. Events aimed at raising money for charities working with children in the UK were shown. In 2007 over £39 million was raised. £19 million was raised on the programme. In 2008, nearly £22 million was raised on the night. The BBC also broadcast local fundraising events on the radio stations and regional television channels. The programme's mascot is called 'Pudsey', or 'Pudsey Bear'. It is a yellow teddy bear with a bandage over one eye. It was first seen in 1985. Pudsey and the Children in Need Logo were changed in 2007. Children in Need became a  charity in 1989.

.Most of the money raised by the appeal comes from people who may have raised it themselves by taking part in sponsored events. A popular event is to sit in a bath of baked beans. Lots of companies also donate money or benefits. In the past, HSBC have helped with banking and BT have helped with the donation call centres and phone lines. On the night of the seven-hour long television programme lots of celebrities appear to support the cause and ask for donations. Various performances are often given, including sketches and musical numbers. There are also featurettes that show what the money is used for. Celebrities that appear are from both the BBC's own programmes, and also from the rival ITV network. They often appear in character and on the sets of their own programmes. One of the most popular features has been a musical number by the BBC newsreaders. In 2006 they had a "James Bond" theme, and in 2008 it was a "Mamma Mia!" one. The stars of newly opened West End musicals also perform songs from their shows later in the evening, after the 'curtain call' of the actual show performance for that evening. The total is also show on a screen about every hour. The presenters always accompany this with the phrase "every penny counts" to help to push the total beyond that of the previous year.

Most of the British public support Children in Need, but some have a different view. They say that showing children on television as victims, many of which are disabled, is unfortunate and counter-productive. Changes in  will be better for such children than money and sympathy.

Money that is given to Children in Need is used in lots of ways. When the appeal for the year closes, the money is given to  that help children that are at the age of 18 and under. The children that are helped often have mental, physical or sensory disabilities, or have behavioural or psychological disorders. Others live in poverty or deprivation, and some are living in distress, are sexually abused or just neglected. These children are in need of some help and children in need provides a basis for that help.

## References
Badnaam (1966 movie)

***Badnaam***, is a Pakistani Urdu language movie, the movie was released on September 2, 1966.

Badnaam was based on Saadat Hasan Manto's short story "Jhumkay" ("earrings"). It was adapted for the screen by Riaz Shahid. The movie was directed and produced by Iqbal Shehzad, It is his debut movie as a director. *Badnaam* starred Allaudin, Nabeela, Neelo, Ejaz, Diljeet Mirza, Hamid Wain and Rangela.
Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?

"**Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?**" is a 1995 song written by Bryan Adams, Michael Kamen and Robert John "Mutt" Lange for the movie *Don Juan DeMarco*. The melody is used as a musical motif throughout the movie, and the song is featured three times in the movie, twice performed by other artists in Spanish, and finally performed by Adams himself during the closing credits.  The Adams version of the song, which features flamenco guitarist Paco de Lucia, is featured on the soundtrack album and also on the album *18 Til I Die*. It was at number one for five weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, making it the third number one song for the songwriting team, and went on to earn them their second Oscar nomination.

Various women's groups contacted Adams when the song became popular, which led to his publishing a series of books of photos, with all proceeds going to breast cancer research.

## Artists who have covered this song 
* Jose Hernandez and Nydia, whose Spanish-language duet is featured in *Don Juan DeMarco*
* Chitãozinho & Xororó translated to "Um Homem Quando Ama" (from "Chitãozinho & Xororó) PolyGram, 1995
* Il Divo translated to "Un Regalo Que Te Dio La Vida" (from "Siempre") RCA, 2006
* Pedro Fernandez translated to "La Mujer Que Amas" (from "Pedro Fernandez") Polygram Mexico, 1995.
* Highway 101 and Paulette Carlson (from "Reunited"), Willow Tree Records, 1996.
* James Last (from "Pop Symphnies 2") Instrumental version, Polydor Records, 1997.
* Linda Evangelista (from "Man to Woman: Men of Note Sing for a Cause"), PolyGram, 1998.
* Eric Hansen (from "Without Words" Flamenco 2001 and also "Nuevo Flamenco Romancero") Neurodisc, 2001.
* Rick Trevino on *In My Dreams*, 2003.

## Track listings 
; CD single
# "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?" — 4:52
# "Low Life" — 4:17

## Certifications 
## Charts 
## References
Pahari-Pothwari

**Pahari-Pothwari** is a Northwestern Indo-Aryan variety, spoken in Pothohar region of Punjab and Azad Kashmir in Pakistan. It is known by different names, such as Pahari, Pothwari, Pothohari, Mirpuri.

Pahari-Pothwari is classified within Lahnda (Western Punjabi) and is transitional between Hindko in the west and Punjabi in the east. 

## Places
Within Pakistan, it is spoken in the Pothohar Plateau and Azad Kashmir and overlaps between these two regions.

## Numbers
The numbering in Pahari-Pothwari is similar to that of other Punjabi dialects and varieties. Pahari-Pothwari uses *trai* for *three*, which is also found in Saraiki.
# *ikk*
# *do*
# *trai*
# *čar*
# *panj*
# *čae*
# *satt*
# *att*
# *nau*
# *dass*

## Notes 
## References
Pink Floyd discography

Pink Floyd are an English progressive rock band. Pink Floyd has released fifteen studio albums, three live albums, eight compilations, three soundtracks, thirty-five singles, eleven music videos,  four video albums and three box-sets.

Formed in 1964, Pink Floyd was first known for their psychedelic or space rock music and in later years their progressive rock music.

Pink Floyd had moderate mainstream success and were one of the most popular bands in the London underground music scene in the late 1960s led by Syd Barrett; however, Barrett's decline in health would eventually forced his band members to replace him with guitarist and singer David Gilmour.  In 1985, Waters stated that Pink Floyd was no more, but the remaining members, led by Gilmour, continued recording and touring under the name Pink Floyd. Waters sued the remaining members for the rights to the name, Waters lost and the band enjoyed worldwide success with *A Momentary Lapse of Reason* (1987) and *The Division Bell* (1994).

## Studio albums 
## Live albums 
## Compilations 
## Box-sets 
## Extended plays 
## Singles 
**a** These singles would later appear on the Pink Floyd compilation *The Early Singles*.

## Video albums
## Music videos 
## References 
## Other websites 
* The Pink Floyd Archive 
*
Bulandi (1990 movie)

***Bulandi*** () is a 1990 Pakistani Urdu movie. It was directed by Javed Fazil and produced by Aslam Butt. The movie is also known as ***Vantage***. *Bulandi* is a Lollywood movie starring by Nadeem, Samina Peerzada, Reema Khan, Shan, Madhiha Shah, Reema and Shaan.
Jeeva (movie)

***Jeeva*** () is a 1995 Urdu movie. It was directed by Syed Noor. The movie introduced Babar Ali and Resham into Lollywood and turned them into stars. *Jeeva* was also very well liked at the film festivals in other countries where it was shown. The shrine of Hazrat Ayub Ansari (reh) in Istanbul, Turkey was shown in this movie. Nadeem played the title role. This movie was a big milestone for Anwar Rafi who was struggling in many years. Famous folk singer Shoukat Ali sung his only duet song with Madam Noor Jehan
Jo Darr Gya Woh Marr Gya

***Jo Darr Gya Woh Marr Gya*** () is a Pakistani Urdu movie which starred Neeli, Javed Sheikh, Atiqa Odho, Reema and Nadeem. The movie was released in the summer of 1995 and earned major revenue for its production studio. It was directed by Iqbal Kashmiri and was produced by Evernew Studios. The English title is *Scared*.
Mushkil

***Mushkil*** (, *difficult*) is an Urdu movie which was released in 1995 across theaters in Pakistan. The movie dealt with the issue of child-camel jockeys illegally trafficked from the third world into the numerous Arab oildoms. The highlight of the movie was the stunning score composed by the late Amjad Bobby. Hit tracks included Dil ho gaya hai tera deewana and Mushkil hai barha mushkil hai.
Odia language

**Odia** (), formerly written as Oriya in English, is an Indo-Aryan language, mainly spoken in the Indian state of Odisha. The language is also an official language of India. There are about 50 million people worldwide who speak Odia.

## Example 
A recording of India appeared on the screen. This is The first article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Odia:
:ସବୁ ମନୁଷ୍ଯ ଜନ୍ମକାଳରୁ ସ୍ୱାଧୀନ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ମର୍ଯ୍ୟାଦା ଓ ଅଧିକାର ସମାନ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଜ୍ଞା ଓ ବିବେକ ନିହିତ ଅଛି । ସେମାନେ ପରସ୍ପର ପ୍ରତି ଭାତୃଭାବ ପୋଷଣ କରି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବା ଦରକାର ।
:
:*All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.*

## References
Chor Machaye Shor (1996 movie)

***Chor Machaye Shor*** () is a Pakistani Urdu movie. It was directed by Syed Noor. The movie stars Babar Ali, Resham and Sahiba. The movie was released in 1996. It is a remake of Punjabi movie *Sohra te Jawai*

## References
Indus Valley Bullfrog

The **Indus Valley Bullfrog** (*Hoplobatrachus tigerinus*) is a large species of frog found in Pakistan and the Republic of India.

## References
## Other websites
Deewane Tere Pyar Ke

***Deewane Tere Pyaar Key*** (, English title: *Love Crazy*) is an Urdu film which was released in March 1997. It was directed by Syed Noor and produced by Evernew Studios.
Sangam (1997 movie)

***Sangam*** is a Pakistani Urdu movie released in 1997, directed by Syed Noor and starring Resham, Shaan, Salim Sheikh and Sana.
Jinnah (movie)

***Jinnah*** is a biographical movie about the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It was directed by Jamil Dehlavi and written by Akbar S. Ahmed and Jamil Dehlavi. It stars Christopher Lee as Jinnah. The movie was released in 1998 in London, the United Kingdom and Pakistan.

## Other websites
*Jinnah (1998)- The Movie Database
1870 Atlantic hurricane season

The **1870 Atlantic hurricane season** was a hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean. Because of a lack of information, many storm tracks appear short and incomplete. 
## Storms
### Hurricane One
This hurricane is known to have impacted the Mobile, Alabama, area on July 30.

### Hurricane Two
This hurricane is known to have lasted from August 30 to September 4. 
### Tropical Storm Three
This tropical storm is known to have lasted from September 1 to September 4.

### Hurricane Four
This hurricane is known to have lasted from September 9 to September 13. At its strongest, the storm was a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h), making it the strongest of the season. 

### Hurricane Five
This hurricane is known to have lasted from September 17 to September 20.

### Hurricane Six
On October 5, a tropical storm formed south of Haiti. It moved west-northwest, becoming a hurricane south of Cuba on the 6th. The hurricane strengthened fast to its top winds of 115 mph before hitting Matanzas, Cuba on the 7th. After crossing the island, it moved slowly over the Florida Keys and then out to sea, last being seen on the 14th. The hurricane, known as the Hurricane of San Marcos or the Straits of Florida Hurricane, caused lots of flooding in Cuba and south Florida, resulting in 800 or more deaths.

### Hurricane Seven
This hurricane is known to have existed on October 7. 

### Hurricane Eight
This hurricane is known to have existed on October 10 and October 11. 

### Hurricane Nine
This hurricane is known to have lasted from October 19 to October 22. It struck Cuba as a Category 2 hurricane and then Florida on October 20 as a Category 1 hurricane. The storm caused 52 deaths. 

### Hurricane Ten
This hurricane is known to have existed near the Turks and Caicos Islands on October 23.

### Hurricane Eleven
The final storm of the season is known to have existed from October 30 to November 3 and struck the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico on November 1.
Monrovia, California

**Monrovia** is a city in California, United States. Monrovia is the fourth-oldest general-law city in Los Angeles County and the L.A. Basin (after Los Angeles, Santa Monica, and Pasadena, all now charter cities). Incorporated in 1887, it has grown from a sparse community of orange ranches to a residential community of over 37,000. The population was 37,931 at the 2020 census.

## References
Responsible government

**Responsible government** is a principle of some democratic governments.  A responsible government is one in  which there is a degree of accountability towards parliament. There is also the fundamental concept of Bicameralism. For example, in the United Kingdom the accountability tends towards the Lower House (House of Commons), as the upper House (House of Lords) is not wholly elected. Thus, there is a better representation of those who voted for the government that holds the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty.

In the government of a country that uses responsible government, the leaders of the executive branch of government (called the cabinet) are also members of the legislature. Also, the cabinet must have the support of the majority of the legislature to stay in power. If it loses the support of the legislature, there will be an election or a different political party will make a new cabinet.

Countries that use responsible government usually have parliamentary systems of government. Some examples of countries that have responsible government are the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.

In countries that do not have responsible government, the cabinet and the legislature are each elected separately.  This system has more separation of powers than a system with responsible government. Some examples of countries that *do not* have a system of responsible government are the United States and France.
Vistlip

**vistlip** is a Japanese visual kei rock band. The band formed in 7 July 2007 and is currently signed to Delfi Sound and Marvelous Entertainment.

## Members 
***Tomo** (born 13 January in Fukuoka Prefecture), singer
***Yuh** (born 28 July in Tokyo, Japan), guitarist
***Umi** (born 20 July in Tokyo), guitarist
***Rui** (born 15 November in Hyōgo Prefecture), bass guitarist 
***Tohya** (born 3 January in Kanagawa Prefecture), drummer

## Discography 
### CD singles 
# **Sara** (3 September 2008)
# **alo[n]e** (8 October 2008)
# **drop note.** (5 November 2008)
# **-OZONE-** (5 August 2009)
# **Strawberry Butterfly** (12 May 2010)
# **Hameln** (7 July 2010)
# **SINDRA** (1 June 2011)
# **Recipe** (11 April 2012)
# **B** (4 July 2012)
# **Shinkaigyo no yume wa shosen / Artist** (31 October 2012)
# **CHIMERA** (3 April 2013)

### Mini-album 
# **Revolver** (23 April 2008)
# **Patriot** (3 April 2009)
# **GLOSTER** (1 January 2013)

### Full -album 
# **Theater** (9 December 2009)
# **ORDER MADE** (12 December 2012)
# **CHRONUS** (17 July 2013)

## Tie-in 
## References 
## Other websites 
*vistlip Official website
*Marvelous Entertainment 
*Delfi Sound
Chris Melling

**Chris Melling** (born 21 September 1984, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Greater Manchester) is an English rugby league player.  He plays for Harlequins RL in the European Super League. Melling also plays on the Great Britain national rugby league team.

Chris Melling likes to play full-back. He can also play several other positions.

## Wigan Warriors
Melling is a former Wigan Senior Academy captain who made several appearance for the Wigan first team.

In Super League 2004 it had seemed that Melling's career was in doubt following a serious knee injury suffered playing for Wigan against Leeds at Headingley. Melling had been seen as a future star before having his season ended by a cruciate ligament injury.

Upon his return to first team action in 2005 Chris made a further 10 first grade appearances for the JJB club before picking up another knee injury requiring further surgery.

Melling returned to full fitness in 2006, but found first team opportunities limited, due to the emergence of Chris Ashton at the club.

Chris Melling moved into the hooking role in Wigan's academy, impressing enough to be voted as the U'21 Academy 'Player of the Year' for 2006.

He left Wigan to pursue regular first team football.
]]
## Harlequins RL
Melling was initially signed as a back-up hooker to Chad Randall, however the Great Britain international has made full back position his own. He has been compared to Wade McKinnon with the youngster being defensively solid and dependable, with an eye for a gap bringing the ball out in attack.

His move to Harlequins RL was to have seen the youngster undergo a positional change with a move to hooker. He had been previously employed throughout the backline, with most of his first team appearances coming as an outside back.

Melling has impressed in 2007, starting games at full-back and throughout the backline and scoring four tries.

In May 2007 Chris Melling agreed to a new two-year deal with Harlequins Rugby League, midway through his first season at the Twickenham Stoop. This will keep Melling in the capital until 2009.

He is seen as the emerging star at the London club, with Harlequins RL investing in young British talent.

## Representative Football
In June 2007 Melling was called up to the Great Britain squad and wore the number 1 shirt in the Test match against France.

Melling was joined in the Great Britain Test side by Quins teammate Paul Sykes.

Melling made his Great Britain debut in the 42-14 victory over the French on June 22nd 2007, despite carrying an injury.

Melling is also a youth level international for England.

## Away from football
Melling is a qualified Physiotherapist after studying at the University of Central Lancashire in Preston, graduating in June 2006. Melling hopes to set up his own physiotherapy practise in the future.

## References
## Other websites
* Quins RL profile
* Always seems to be a lot of movement for the London club 
* Wigan Player Profile 
* Quins land young British trio 
* Melling Kicks 10 goals
* Carney praises Wigan's young guns
* Wigan profile
Kannada cinema

**Kannada cinema** is movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka. Most of the movies are made in the Kannada language. Some are in Konkani or Tulu languages. This part of the Indian film industry is also called **Sandalwood**.

Kannada cinema started in the early 1930s. The first talkie movie was Sati Sulochana, released in 1934. Since then, the industry has grown with many famous actors, directors and musicians. Over the years, Kannada films have won national and international awards for their strong stories and performances.

Modern Kannada movies are known for creative storytelling, good music and new ideas. Some popular Kannada actors like Dr. Rajkumar, Vishnuvardhan, Puneeth Rajkumar, Sudeep and Yash have become famous across India. The movie KGF: Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 helped bring more attention to Kannada cinema around the world.

Many Kannada films are made every year and cover different topics like family, love, action and history. Movies like Mungaru Male, Lucia, Ugramm, Kantara, and 777 Charlie have been praised by both critics and audiences. These films helped Kannada cinema become popular even outside Karnataka. 

Kannada cinema has received many awards from the Indian government. Some movies have won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film. Actors like Dr. Rajkumar have been honored with important awards like the Dadasaheb Phalke Award. These awards show the value and talent of Kannada filmmakers and artists.
## References
Port Said Governorate

**Port Said Governorate** () is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is in the northeast of the country. Its capital is the city of Port Said.

Port Said is on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea at the northern gate of the Suez Canal.

## Other websites 
* Port Said Governorate  Official website (in Arabic)
* List of Governors of Port Said  (in Arabic)

## References
Joseph Nathaniel French

**Joseph Nathaniel French, Sr.** (October 24, 1888 – February 28, 1975) was an architect with Albert Kahn Associates, Inc. from 1914 to 1967. He was the chief architect for the Fisher Building in Detroit, Michigan. French first married Amie Gertrude Lathe (1885-1921) around 1912 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was put in charge of the last stages of construction on Henry Ford's Fairlane Manor in Dearborn, Michigan in 1913. In 1914 he started work for Albert Kahn Associates, Inc. in Detroit, Michigan, as a draftsman and then as an architect. By 1916 he was living at 2098 Woodward Avenue in Detroit. On June 10, 1921 his wife Amie died, and on June 8, 1926 he married Yolanda Christina Tandberg (1902-2003). Yolanda was the daughter of Thorvald Martin Tandberg (1874-1970) and Alvilde Marie Magdalene Naess (1875-1933) of Norway. She was 14 years younger than Joseph. They had several children including, Joseph Nathaniel French, Jr. While at Kahn he was chief architect for the Fisher Building in 1928. One of his projects was the steel work of the General Motors Futurama building at the 1939 New York World's Fair.

## References
## Other websites
*Joseph Nathaniel French at Findagrave

*Joseph Nathaniel French at Familypedia
Here I Am (Bryan Adams song)

"**Here I Am**" is a song by Canadian singer Bryan Adams. The song was written and recorded in 2002 for the movie *Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron* and was both released on the soundtrack and as a single. The single reached #1 in Taiwan and Portugal. The song won a ASCAP Award and was nominated for Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.

## Music video  
The music video was shot in the American wilderness. It features Adams and several women living in the wilderness trying to survive from the thirst, snakes etc. As a reference to the movie a herd of horses is running through the wilderness. The video was directed by Mike Lipscombe and produced by Michael Pierce.

## Track listing 
# "Here I Am" (End Title)
# "You Can't Take Me" - Alternate Version
# "Cloud Number Nine" - Live From Slane Castle
# "Here I Am" (Instrumental)
Open Road (Bryan Adams song)

"**Open Road**" is the first single from Bryan Adams' 2004 album *"Room Service"*. In the summer of 2005, the song was used as the theme song in ESPN's SportsCenter series *50 States in 50 Days*.

## Track listings 
### 2 track version 
# "Open Road"
# "Blessing In Disguise"

### Maxi single 
# "Open Road"
# "Blessing in Disguise"
# "Friday Night in London"

## Chart positions 
## References
Ithaca

:*This article is about the Greek island, for the city in America see Ithaca, New York*

**Ithaca** (**Ithaka** or **Ithaki**; ) is one of the Ionian Islands on the west coast of Greece. It is about  long and  wide. In 2001 there were about 3,000 people living there.

Odysseus was said to be the king of Ithaca in the epic poem the *Odyssey*, which was written in the Ancient Greek language. It is possible that this ancient island is in a place different from the modern island.
Clitoral glans

The **clitoral glans** (glans clitoridis) is a part of the clitoris found on the outside of the vagina.

## Anatomy 
The clitoral glans is covered by the clitoral hood, which is attached to the labia minora. The whole structure is attached to the frenulum clitoridis and clitoral body (which is internal).

## Physiology 
The glans (head) of the clitoris is about the size and shape of a pea.  It is highly  because it has lots of nerves around and on it for arousal. During arousal, the glans fills with blood.

## Other websites 
*  - "The Female Perineum: The Vulva"

## Related pages 
* Clitoris (female reproductive system/anatomy):  clitoral body, clitoral hood, corpus cavernosum clitoridis
* Labia
Trang province

**Trang** is the one of the southern provinces of Thailand. The province has an area about . It is located on the Andaman Sea, and contains 46 islands together with the mainland area. Most of the mainland area is hills. The important rivers that flows through the province, are the Trang River and Palian River. The rivers flow between the Khao Luang mountain range and the Khao Banthat mountain range.

Trang used to be a port involved in foreign trade and transportation. Trang was the first province in Thailand where rubber trees were planted. Governor Mahison Phakdi brought rubber from Malaysia and planted it here in 1899. Rubber is now considered an important product of Thailand.

The monsoon season on the Andaman Coast runs from June to September, when there are very big storms and a lot of rain. The province is driest during October to May.

In the past, Trang's name was **Ta-Rang**, a Malay name. The Thai people later shortened the name into one syllable.

## Districts
The province is divided into ten districts (*amphoe*):

#Mueng Trang
#Kantang
#Yan Ta Khao
#Palian
#Sikao
#Huai Yot
#Wang Wiset
#Na Yong
#Ratsada
#Hat Samran

## Other websites
*History  on the Trang government website
*Sukorn Island, Trang
The Piper at the Gates of Dawn

***The Piper at the Gates of Dawn*** is Pink Floyd's first album. Many people think it is one of the most influential albums in history. It had a very big influence on the psychedelic rock scene of the time, and also on the music that people made afterward. It is the only Pink Floyd album with Syd Barrett as the leader, although Barrett was on some of the next album, *A Saucerful of Secrets*.

The lyrics for *Piper* were mostly written by Syd Barrett, and are often whimsical, playful, or childlike. The album has songs about space, scarecrows, gnomes, bicycles and fairytales. Some parts of the album, like "Interstellar Overdrive", are instrumental and have no singing on them.

Special limited editions of *Piper* were released to mark its 30th anniversary in 1997, and its 40th anniversary in 2007.

## Track listing 
All songs written by Syd Barrett, except where noted.

### UK release 
### US release 
### 40th Anniversary Edition 
## References
Tina Turner

**Tina Turner** (born **Anna Mae Bullock**; November 26, 1959 &ndash; May 24, 2023) was an American-born Swiss singer-songwriter, actress, dancer and entertainer. Her success, dominance, popularity and consistent contributions to the rock music genre got her the title, **"The Queen of Rock & Roll"**. 

She is known worldwide for her overpowering and energetic stage presence, as well as for her long, well-proportioned legs that are considered the most famous in show business.

## Music career 
She retired from singing in 2009 after completing her "Tina: 50th Anniversary Tour".

## Personal life
Turner lived in a lake house Château Algonquin in Küsnacht, near to Zürich, since 1994. She was a Buddhist.

In April 2013, Turner became a Swiss citizen and renounced her American citizenship.

In 2013, three weeks after her wedding to Erwin Bach, she suffered a stroke and had to learn to walk again. 

In 2016, she was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. Turner used homeopathic remedies to treat her high blood pressure but caused kidney failure. Her chances of receiving a kidney were low, and she was urged to start dialysis. Turner wanted to commit assisted suicide, but her husband donated his kidney in April 2017.

## Death and legacy
Turner died on May 24, 2023 at the age of 83 at her home in Küsnacht, Switzerland after a long illness.

She was listed on Rolling Stone's list *The Immortals – The Greatest Artists of All Time*. Turner is a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee, and she is also represented in the Grammy Hall of Fame by two of her recordings: "River Deep - Mountain High" (1999) and "Proud Mary" (2003). Turner won eight Grammy Awards. 

## References
It's Only Love (Bryan Adams song)

"'''It's Only Love'''" is a hit rock duet recorded by Grammy Award winning singers Bryan Adams and Tina Turner. It was included on Bryan Adams' album *Reckless* and Tina Turner's live album *Tina Live in Europe*, as well as being added to both artists' greatest hits compilations: Adams' *Anthology* and Turner's *All the Best*. It reached number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the U.S. and number 29 in the UK. The 12" single included the 1985 live version that would later appear on the 1988 album *Tina Live in Europe*.

## Charts
## References
Chicane (musician)

**Chicane** is the stage name of English musician and record producer **Nick Bracegirdle**. He was born on 28 February, 1971, in Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire.

Chicane is known for the singles "Offshore", an Ibiza dance anthem included in thousands of compilations in both chill-out and dance versions; "Saltwater", which featured vocals by Clannad member Máire Brennan and is one of the most well-known and popular singles of the trance genre; and the UK number-one hit "Don't Give Up", featuring vocals by Bryan Adams, and also a top ten hit on singles charts across Europe.

## References
RPM (magazine)

***RPM*** was a Canadian music magazine that had song and album charts for Canada. It was started by Walt Grealis in February 1964 and printed with the help of Stan Klees who owned a record label. *RPM* was printed until November 2000.

*RPM* stood for "Records, Promotion, Music". Sometimes the magazine was also called *RPM Weekly* and *RPM Magazine*.
Bonnie Raitt

**Bonnie Lynn Raitt** (born November 8, 1949) is an American blues singer-songwriter, born in Burbank, California.  Raitt is best known for her songs "Nick of Time", "Something to Talk About", and the ballad "I Can't Make You Love Me."   Raitt is also an avid political activist and has received nine Grammy Awards in her career.
Melanie C

**Melanie Chisholm** (born in Whiston, Cheshire, on 12 January 1974) is an English singer-songwriter and television personality. She is best known as one of the five members of the girl group Spice Girls. When she was member of the Spice Girls, she was nicknamed "Sporty Spice". As a solo artist, she has released four albums. She was nominated for a BRIT and ECHO Award. She charted at the top of the *Billboard* Dance Chart in the US in late 2000.

## References
The Final Cut (album)

***The Final Cut*** is the twelfth studio album by Pink Floyd. It was recorded at various studios in the UK from July to December 1982. It is the final Pink Floyd studio album with the band's bassist and primary songwriter Roger Waters.

The album is mostly the work of Waters. It is the only Pink Floyd album on which the credit for writing every song is given to Waters alone. Keyboardist Rick Wright had been fired by Waters during the recording of *The Wall*, so this is the only Pink Floyd album on which Wright does not participate at all. Meanwhile, David Gilmour sings lead vocals on only one of the album's twelve songs, the rest being sung entirely by Waters.

During the recording of *The Final Cut*, there was a lot of tension between Waters and the other members of the band, particularly Gilmour, who now says that he doesn't like most of the album. For these and other reasons, it is sometimes regarded as a Roger Waters solo album rather than a true Pink Floyd album.

None of the album's songs has ever been performed live by Pink Floyd, though some have been performed live by Waters during solo tours. Waters' dominance on the album is most clearly seen on the back cover, which reads: *The Final Cut: A Requiem for the Post-War Dream - by Roger Waters, performed by Pink Floyd*.

## Track listing 
All songs were composed by Roger Waters. All lead vocals performed by Roger Waters unless otherwise stated.

### Original release 
#### Side one 
# "The Post War Dream" – 3:02
# "Your Possible Pasts" – 4:22
# "One of the Few" – 1:12
# "The Hero's Return" – 2:56
# "The Gunner's Dream" – 5:07
# "Paranoid Eyes" – 3:40

#### Side two 
# "Get Your Filthy Hands Off My Desert" – 1:19
# "The Fletcher Memorial Home" – 4:11
# "Southampton Dock" – 2:13
# "The Final Cut" – 4:46
# "Not Now John" – 5:01
#* Lead vocals: David Gilmour and Roger Waters
# "Two Suns in the Sunset" – 5:14

### 2004 re-release 
# "The Post War Dream" – 3:00
# "Your Possible Pasts" – 4:26
# "One of the Few" – 1:11
# "When the Tigers Broke Free" – 3:16
# "The Hero's Return" – 2:43
# "The Gunner's Dream" – 5:18
# "Paranoid Eyes" – 3:41
# "Get Your Filthy Hands Off My Desert" – 1:17
# "The Fletcher Memorial Home" – 4:12
# "Southampton Dock" – 2:10
# "The Final Cut" – 4:45
# "Not Now John" – 4:56
#* Lead vocals: David Gilmour and Roger Waters
# "Two Suns in the Sunset" – 5:23
A Momentary Lapse of Reason

***A Momentary Lapse of Reason*** is the thirteenth studio album by Pink Floyd, the band's first release after the departure of Roger Waters from the band in 1985. The album reached #3 on both the U.S. and UK charts. It was released in the UK and the rest of Europe on EMI and on Columbia Records for the rest of the world.

## Quotes
## Track listing 
All lead vocals performed by David Gilmour except where noted.

#"Signs of Life" (instrumental, spoken word by Nick Mason) (David Gilmour, Bob Ezrin) – 4:24
#"Learning to Fly" (Gilmour, Anthony Moore, Ezrin, Jon Carin) – 4:53
#"The Dogs of War" (Gilmour, Moore) – 6:05
#"One Slip" (Gilmour, Phil Manzanera) – 5:10
#"On the Turning Away" (Gilmour, Moore) – 5:42
#"Yet Another Movie" (Gilmour, Patrick Leonard) / "Round and Around" (Gilmour) – 7:28
#"A New Machine (Part 1)" (Gilmour) – 1:46
#"Terminal Frost" (Gilmour) – 6:17
#"A New Machine (Part 2)" (Gilmour) – 0:38
#"Sorrow" (Gilmour) – 8:46

## Personnel
;Pink Floyd
*David Gilmour&nbsp;– vocals, guitars, keyboards, sequencers
*Nick Mason&nbsp;– drums, percussion, drum machine, sound effects

;Additional musicians
*Richard Wright&nbsp;– keyboards, backing vocals
*Carmine Appice&nbsp;– drums
*Sarah Nean Bruce&nbsp;– spherical sound
*Ken Caillat&nbsp;– spherical sound
*Jon Carin&nbsp;– keyboards
*Bob Ezrin&nbsp;– keyboards, percussion, sequencers
*Donnie Gerrard&nbsp;– backing vocals
*John Helliwell&nbsp;– saxophone (mistakenly credited as "John Halliwell")
*Tom Jones&nbsp;– spherical sound
*Jim Keltner&nbsp;– drums
*Darlene Koldenhaven&nbsp;– backing vocals
*Michael Landau&nbsp;– backing guitar
*Patrick Leonard&nbsp;– synthesizers
*Tony Levin&nbsp;– bass guitar, Chapman Stick
*Scott Page&nbsp;– tenor saxophone
*Bill Payne&nbsp;– Hammond organ
*Tom Scott&nbsp;– alto and soprano saxophones
*Phyllis St. James&nbsp;– backing vocals
*Carmen Twillie&nbsp;– backing vocals

;Production
*Andrew Jackson&nbsp;– sound effects
*Mastering Lab&nbsp;– mastering
*Precision Lacquer&nbsp;– mastering
*Phil Taylor&nbsp;– technical and musical instrument supervision

## References
Mmhmm

***Mmhmm*** is the fourth album made by Relient k. It has other spellings because it's a strange word. It is different from the bands previous albums, because it's heavier but also softer at times with the music. It marks the time where the band became more serious, using fewer joke songs than before.

This was their first album on their record label Capitol Records. It was also the last CD which Brian Pitman (Relient k bassist) recorded with the band.

The album was released again, with a new song which was first found on an EP. In 2005, the album was given gold status, because it had sold half a million copies in America. The album had a few singles which were played only on Christian radio such as "High of 75" and "I so hate consequences".

## Songs 
# The One I'm Waiting For
# Be My Escape
# High of 75
# I So Hate Consequences
# The Only Thing Worse Than Beating A Dead Horse Is Betting On One
# My Girls Ex-Boyfriend
# More Than Useless
# Which To Bury, Us Or The Hatchet?
# Let It All Out
# Who I Am Hates Who I've Been
# Maintain Counciousness
# This Week The Trend
# Life After Death And Taxes
# When I Go Down
Wish You Were Here (album)

***Wish You Were Here*** is a concept album by Pink Floyd. It was recorded at Abbey Road Studios between January and July 1975, and released on 15 September 1975. The album would later be thought of as one of Pink Floyd's greatest albums, and was ranked 209 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. Its lyrics, written by Roger Waters, talk about the music industry, and the market-oriented record companies' not having an understanding and interest for musicians. The album also pays tribute to Syd Barrett, Pink Floyd's former guitarist and chief songwriter, with the songs "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" and the "Wish You Were Here" title track. The album sold 10 million copies worldwide.

## Track listing 
## References
Animals (Pink Floyd album)

***Animals*** is a concept album by English progressive rock band Pink Floyd. It was released on 23 January 1977 in the United Kingdom and on 2 February 1977 in the United States. The album proved to be a success in the UK, where it reached #2 in the era of punk music.  It was also a success in the U.S., reaching #3 on the Billboard album charts (#1 and #2 were *Hotel California* by the Eagles, and the soundtrack to the Barbra Streisand film *A Star Is Born*). However, it was on the American charts for only six months even though it has continued to sell solidly, to the extent of its having gone quadruple platinum, according to the RIAA.

In the UK, the British Phonographic Industry awarded the album Gold (100,000 units) in 1977. It has yet to achieve Platinum.

## Track listing
Now or Never

"**Now or Never**" is the first song off the soundtrack from *High School Musical 3:Senior Year*. It is about the East High Wildcats' final game of basketball before they leave East High.  It was released on iTunes Music Store on September 2, 2008.

## References
Space rock

**Space rock** is a subgenre of rock music. The term originally referred to a group of early mostly British 1970s progressive rock and psychedelic bands such as Hawkwind and Pink Floyd. The music is characterised by slow, lengthy instrumental passages dominated by synthesisers, experimental guitar work and science fiction lyrical themes. Later the words were changed to mean a series of late 1980s British alternative rock bands that drew from earlier influences to create a more melodic but still ambient form of pop music.

## References
A.E.K. Athens F.C.

**A.E.K. Athens F.C.** () is a Greek football club. The team is based in Nea Filadelfia, Athens. It is one of the most successful Greek clubs. AEK was established on 13 April 1924 by Greek people who left Constantinople (Istanbul) during the Greco-Turkish War. AEK Athens, is the only Greek football club that has been advanced to the Semi-Finals of the UEFA Cup, in 1977. They have rivalries with Panathinakos, Olympiacos, and PAOK.

## Players
## Titles
### Domestic competitions
**Leagues:**
*** Super League**
** **Winners (12):** 1938–39, 1939–40, 1962–63, 1967–68, 1970–71, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1988–89, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 2017–18
***Super League 2 (Second Division)**
** **Winners (1):** 2014–15
***Football League (Third Division)**
** **Winners (1):** 2013–14 *(Group 6)*

**Cups:**
***Greek Cup**
** **Winners (16):** 1931–32, 1938–39, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1955–56, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1977–78, 1982–83, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2010–11, 2015–16, 2022/23
***Greek Super Cup**
****Winners (2):**  1989, 1996
***Greek League Cup**
****Winners (1) (record):** 1990

### International competitions
* **UEFA Europa League**
** *Semi-finals (1)*: 1976–77
* **UEFA Champions League**
** *Quarter-finals (1)*: 1968–69
* '''UEFA Cup Winners' Cup'*
** *Quarter-Finals (2)*: 1996–97, 1997–98
* **Balkans Cup**
** *Runners-up (1)'': 1966–67

### Regional
***Athens F.C.A. Regional Championship**
** **Winners (4):** 1940, 1946, 1947, 1950

## References
## Other websites
**Official websites**
* Official website 
* AEK Athens at Super League Greece 
* AEK Athens at UEFA
* AEK Athens  at FIFA
**News sites**
* AEK Athens on aek365.org 
* AEK Athens news  from Nova Sports
List of heads of state of Poland

List of the **Presidents of Poland** (officially ***President of the Republic of Poland***) and other Polish heads of state since 1918 (people who held title other than President)

## Presidents of the Polish National Government (1830–1831)
## Presidents of the National Government of the Republic of Poland (1846)
## President of the National Committee in Poznań (1848)
## Presidents of the Polish National Government (1863–1864)
## Republic of Poland (1918–1939)
### Chief of State
### President of the Republic
## Government of the Republic of Poland in Exile (1939–1990)
## Polish People's Republic (1944–1989)
### President of the State National Council
The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland was founded under Soviet protection on 31 December 1944 and recognised by the United States and the United Kingdom since 6 July 1945. It evolved into the Government of National Unity on 28 June 1945, and eventually into the Polish People's Republic on 19 February 1947.

### President of the Republic
### Chairman of the Council of State
In 1952, the July Constitution abolished the office of president and made the Council of State the collective head of state, chairmen of which are listed below. Real power rested with the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR), its Central Committee, and the secretary general/first secretary.

### First Secretaries of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR)/Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)
Since 1954, the head of the party was also the Chairman of the Central Committee.

* By the second half of 1989, the office of First Secretary, occupied at the time by Mieczysław Rakowski, ceased to hold any real power.
## Republic of Poland (1989–present)
### President of the Republic
Spontaneous generation

proposed that in sexual reproduction, the child inherits form (eidos) from the father and matter from the mother, as well as heat (pneuma) either from the father or from the environment. In spontaneous generation, the environment could effectively replace the parents' contributions of form, matter, and heat.]]
The theory known as **spontaneous generation** held that complex, living organisms are generated by decaying organic substances. Mice might spontaneously appear in stored grain or maggots could spontaneously appear in meat.

According to Aristotle, it was a readily observable truth that aphids arise from the dew which falls on plants, fleas from putrid matter, mice from dirty hay, crocodiles from  logs rotting at the bottom of bodies of water, and so forth. In the 17th century, these things started to be questioned. Sir Thomas Browne wrote a book called *Pseudodoxia Epidemica*. He subtitled it *Enquiries into Very many Received Tenets, and Commonly Presumed Truths*. He published it in 1646. He wrote it as an attack on *false beliefs and "vulgar errors"*. 

Scientists did not accept the conclusions he reached. Alexander Ross, a scientist who lived at the same time as Browne, wrote about it: "To question this (he meant: to question spontaneous generation) is to question reason, sense and experience. If he doubts of this let him go to Egypt, and there he will find the fields swarming with mice, begot of the mud of Nylus, to the great calamity of the inhabitants."

In 1546, the physician Girolamo Fracastoro theorized that epidemic diseases were caused by tiny, invisible particles or "spores", which might not be living creatures, but this was not widely accepted. Robert Hooke published the first drawings of a microorganism in 1665. He is also credited for naming the cell which he discovered while observing cork samples.

In 1676, Anthony van Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms that were probably protozoa and bacteria. This sparked new interest in the microscopic world. 

The first step was taken by the Italian Francesco Redi. In 1668, Redi proved that no maggots appeared in meat when flies were prevented from laying eggs.  From the 17th century onwards, it was gradually shown that, at least in the case of all the higher and readily visible organisms, ideas about spontaneous generation were false. The alternative seemed to be omne vivum ex ovo: that every living thing came from a pre-existing living thing (literally, everything from an egg). 

In 1768 Lazzaro Spallanzani proved that microbes came from the air and could be killed by boiling. Yet it was not until 1861 that Louis Pasteur performed a series of careful experiments. With these experiments, Pasteur proved that organisms such as bacteria and fungi do not appear in nutrient-rich media of their own accord in non-living material. This experiment supported cell theory.

## References 
## Related page 
*Origin of life
Black-necked crane

The **black-necked crane** (*Grus nigricollis*), also known as **Tibetan crane**, is a large bird and medium-sized crane. 

It is 139&nbsp;cm (55&nbsp;in) long, it has a 235&nbsp;cm (7.8&nbsp;ft) wingspan and weights 5.5&nbsp;kg (12&nbsp;lbs). It is whitish-gray crane with a black head, red crown patch, black upper neck and legs, and white patch to the rear of the eye. It has black primaries and secondaries. Both sexes are similar. In Kashmir, it is the state/regional bird of the disputed territory.

## References
Cuts Like a Knife (song)

"**Cuts Like a Knife**" is a 1983 song by Bryan Adams and is the title track from his third studio album *Cuts Like a Knife*. It went to number 55 in Australia, number 12 in Canada and number 15 in the United States.

## Track listings
## References
Die Welt

***Die Welt*** is a daily German newspaper. It is conservative and free market in its editorial policy. It has an circulation of about 210,000 newspapers a day.

Die Welt was founded in 1946. The founder was the British Military Government in Germany.
In the 1950's the Axel Springer Verlag bought the newspaper.

## Other websites
* Welt.de
Progesterone

**Progesterone** is a steroid hormone. 

In animals, it is made from cholesterol. It is the base for certain estrogens and androgens. In animals, it is produced by their body mainly during the second half of the menstrual cycle. 

During pregnancy it is produced in higher quantities.
Willard Myron Allen co-discovered progesterone with George Washington Corner at the University of Rochester Medical School in 1933. Allen discovered the temperature needed to melt it and its weight. He also gave it the name "Progesterone" based on progestational steroidal ketone.
In one plant, *Juglans regia*, progesterone has been found. Also progesterone-like steroids are found in *Dioscorea mexicana*.
Progesterone level is low in children and postmenopausal women.

## Biosynthesis
, showing progesterone among the progestogens in yellow area.]]

## Related pages 
* Steroid
* Oestrogen

## References