open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Letters to Juliet

***Letters to Juliet*** is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama movie. It stars Amanda Seyfried, Christopher Egan, Vanessa Redgrave, Gael García Bernal, and Franco Nero. This was the final movie directed by Gary Winick before he died of brain cancer. The movie was released in North America and other countries on May 14, 2010. This movie was inspired by the 2006 non-fiction book, *Letters to Juliet*, by Lise Friedman and Ceil Friedman.

## Synopsis
When Sophie (Amanda Seyfried), a young American, travels to Verona, Italy — the romantic city where Romeo first met Juliet — she meets a group of volunteers who respond to letters written to Juliet the late wife of romeo ovie was released in North America and other countries on May 14, 2010, and was inspired by the 2006 non-fiction book "Letters to Juliet" by Lise Friedman and Ceil Friedman.

In the film, Sophie (played by Amanda Seyfried), a young American, travels to Verona, Italy—the romantic city where Romeo first met Juliet. . Sophie finds and answers a letter that has been lost for 50 years, and is stunned when its author Claire (Vanessa Redgrave) arrives in Italy with her handsome but overprotective grandson (Christopher Egan) to find the fiance she left decades before.  but juliet is mentoned by sophie when she said
Enchanted by Claire's quest, Sophie joins them on an adventure through the beautiful hills of Tuscany searching for Claire's long lost Lorenzo. The journey will change their lives forever, as they discover it's never too late to find true love. with the ghosr of julet 

## Soundtrack Lists 
* "You Got Me" – Colbie Caillat
* "Chianti Country"
* "Verona" – Andy Georges
* "Un Giorno Così" – 883
* "Per Avere Te" – Franco Morselli
* "Quando, Quando, Quando" – Laura Jane (as Lisa Jane) and Chris Mann
* "Variations On A Theme By Mozart" – from *The Magic Flute*, Opus 9
* "Sospesa" – Malika Ayane and Pacifico
* "Per Dimenticare" – Zero Assoluto
* "Sono Bugiarda (I'm A liar)" – Caterina Caselli
* "Guarda Che Luna" – Fred Buscaglione
* "Love Story" – Taylor Swift
* "What If" – Colbie Caillat

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Battles of Napoleon

***Battles of Napoleon*** is a 1988 computer wargame by Chuck Kroegel and David Landrey released by Strategic Simulations, Inc.. It was released for the Apple II, Commodore 64 and DOS. *Computer Gaming World* gave it a glowing review, calling it "the game that can keep you satisfied, even addicted, for many years to come." The magazine later awarded it as "Wargame of the Year".

## References
Eishō

**Eishō** or **Eisho** may mean:
*Eishō (Heian period) (永承), Japanese era from 1046 to 1053
*Eishō (Muromachi period) (永正), Japanese era from 1504 to 1521
*Empress Eishō (英照), empress consort of Emperor Kōmei of Japan
Chrudim

**Chrudim** is a district town in the Pardubice region of the Czech Republic.

## Geography
Chrudim lies in the center of Eastern Bohemia is located 11&nbsp;km south from Pardubice and 110&nbsp;km east from Prague. Nearby, 3&nbsp;km distant, is Slatiňany known for its horse breeding.

## History
Archeological research shows the first people lived in the area in the later stone age (500-3500 BC). Slavs came in the 7th century AD. The first written record about Chrudim comes from 1055 AD and makes it officially one of the oldest settlements in eastern Bohemia. In the 13th century Chrudim was established and fortified as a town by the king Přemysl Otakar II.

## Main sights
*Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary is the dominant building on the main Josef Ressel Square. Its building was started maybe in the 13th century.
*Old Town Hall was built in the 15th century. It is one of the oldest buildings in the city and is on the northern side of the main square.
*Mydlář House in Břetislavova street was built in the 16th century. It now contains the Puppet Museum.
*Prague Column of Christ’s Transfiguration from 1732 is in the center of the main Jossef Ressel Square.

## Famous people
*Viktorin Kornel ze Všehrd (cca 1460 - 1520), humanist, writer, lawyer, Dean of Charles University at Prague.
*Jan Mydlář (1572 - 1664), famous executioner.
*Jan Nepomuk Štěpánek (1783 – 1844), actor, theatre director of ancestor nowadays National Theatre in Prague.
*Josef Ressel (1793 - 1857), inventor of the ship propeller. A school and Josef Ressel Square in Chrudim are named after him. His statue is in front of the District Museum.
*Petr Průcha (1982 - ), hockey player for New York Rangers, SKA Saint Petersburg.
*Dušan Salfický (1972 - ), hockey goaltender.

## Culture
Chrudim has one of the biggest urban conservation areas, over 52 hectares. It contains the historical center of the city. Chrudim is known for its culture, with many famous actors, musicians and other people. You can find several important museums there. Museum of Puppets in the Mydlář House has one of the biggest collections of puppets in the world. In Chrudim Regional Museum is Kabinet ex libris, where you can admire a huge collection of books. The recently rebuilt museum of baroque statues has nearby gardens.
Main organized actions:
*Athens of East Bohemia is a festival of classical music in late April.
*Puppet festival in Chrudim is a festival of puppet acting at the beginning of summer.
*Salavators pilgrimage are attractions held in august.

## Sport
*FK Era-Pack Chrudim is a famous seven times champion in futsal.
*HC Chrudim, former 1st league hockey club.
*MFK Chrudim, former 2nd league football club.

## Twin cities
* Ede — Netherlands
* Svidník — Slovakia
* Oleśnica — Poland
* Cherkasy - Ukraine

## References
## Other websites
*History of town Chrudim 
*Municipal website 
*Chrudim - virtual show
Kōji (Muromachi period)

was a  after *Tenbun* and before *Eiroku.*   This period started in October 1555 and ended in February 1558.  During this time, the emperors were   and .

## Events of the *Kōji* era
* **1555** (*Kōji 1, 1st month*): A border war between daimyos of Aki Province and Suō Province.

* **1555** (*Kōji 1, 11th month*):  Mōri Motonari won the , also known as the "Battle of Miyajima"

* **1555** (*Kōji 1*): Battle of Kawanakajima.

* **1556** (*Kōji 2*): The Ōmori silver mine controlled by the Mori clan.

* **27 September 1557** (*Kōji 3, 5th day of the 9th month*): Emperor Go-Nara died at age 62.

## Related pages
* Muromachi period
* Kōji (Heian period)

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Velvet Revolution

in November 1989]]
**Velvet Revolution** (Czech: sametová revoluce, Slovak: nežná revolúcia) is a name for political changes in Czechoslovakia between November 17 and December 29, 1989. It ended with the fall of the one-party government of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and start of the democratization process. The name *Velvet* was chosen for its softness.

After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia ended the Prague Spring in August 1968, censorship began again and the Communist Party purged many of its members. This event during the 1970s is known as Normalization. Despite these events, the economic situation in Czechoslovakia was better than in other countries of Eastern Bloc (for example in Poland or Hungary).

## Revolution 
The Velvet Revolution started at an official event for 50th anniversary of the closing of Czechoslovakian universities on November 17, 1939 by the Nazis in Prague. This event continued after its official end and was violently ended by state police on the street "Národní třída". In following days people organized meetings for protest against the actions of state police. 750-800 thousand people were at one of the biggest protests on November 25.

On November 19, the Civic Forum, the political movement which led the dialogue with the communist government, was created in The Drama Club in Prague. The same day, the movement "Public Against Violence" was created in Bratislava.

On November 27 a general strike took place. On this day there was a protest at Wenceslas Square with 300,000 people. Its main slogan was "Konec vlády jedné strany" - *End of one-part government*.

Václav Havel was named as president of Czechoslovakia on December 29, 1989. He was the first non-communist president of Czechoslovakia since 1948.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Velvet Revolution on totalita.cz Detailed day-to-day history with key documents quoted (in Czech language only).
* In the footsteps of November 17 - Czech.cz
Eiroku

was a  after *Kōji* and before *Genki.*  This period started in February 1558 and ended in April 1570. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the *Eiroku* era 
* **1560** (*Eiroku 3, 1st month*): Ōgimachi was formally established as emperor.

* **12 June 1560** (*Eiroku 3, 19th day of the 5th month*):  at the Battle of Okehazama, the forces of Imagawa Yoshimoto were defeated by Oda Nobunaga.

* **1564** (*Eiroku 7*): Nobunaga took control of , also known as Gifu Castle.

* **1567** (*Eiroku 10*): Todai-ji burned in battle led by Matsunaga Hisahide.

* **1568** (*Eiroku 11*): Oda Nobunaga gives land in Heian-kyō for building a Christian church  which was first called Eiroku-ji then called Namban-ji.

* **1568** (*Eiroku 11, 2nd month*): Ashikaga Yoshihide became shogun.

* **1568** (*Eiroku 11, 9th month*): Shogun Yoshihide died from disease.

## Related pages 
* Muromachi period

## References
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Samgyetang

**Samgyetang** is Korean ginseng chicken soup. It’s a food commonly eaten during the summer, especially on the three days called ‘bok day’s.

Samgyetang is made of a whole young chicken stuffed with sticky rice, ginseng, jujube, garlic, and ginger. The chicken is “closed” shut and cooked in a soup. The richness of the broth depends on the style of the cook, as is the added  ingredients that may be added. Some Samgyetang broths are cooked for hours. This broth is added to the chicken cooking separately to create a very rich soup. Other broths are lighter and clear.

Samgyetang is usually served with salt and pepper, which is put in a small separate dish to dip the meat. Some people like to add the seasoning directly into the soup. It is usually served with kkakdugi (radish kimchi) and some restaurants will offer regular kimchi as well.
Sesame oil

**Sesame oil** is a vegetable oil made from the sesame plant. It is used a lot in Asian cooking.

## History 
The English term sesame traces back to the Arabic *simsim*, Coptic *semsem*, and early Egyptian *semsent*. *Semsent* was listed in the Ebers Papyrus, a 65-feet-long scroll listing ancient herbs and spices discovered by the famous German Egyptologist, Ebers. The earliest recorded use of a spice - sesame seed - comes from an Assyrian myth which claims that the gods drank sesame wine the night before they created the earth. Sesamum indicum, (indicum meaning "from India") is native to the East Indies. Usage dates back to 3000 B.C.  the  African slaves brought sesame seeds, which they called benné seeds, to America, where they became a popular ingredient in southern dishes. Through the ages, the seeds have been a source of food and oil. Sesame seed oil is still the main source of fat used in cooking in the Near East and Far East.

## Buying & keeping 
Good sesame oil has a strong smell when it is opened. The color should be bright brown or gold. It should be kept at . If it is too cold, the oil would be solid and lose its smell. Sesame oil can go bad if it is exposed to air and sunlight. Therefore it is better kept on a shelf or a sideboard. A dark brown bottle is better than a plain one, because the brown one can protect the oil from the sunlight better. The bottle should be closed tightly to keep air out.

Many things affect the price. Oil content is the most important. Usually a bottle of sesame oil has 40~55%. The more oil content it has, the higher price it has. Another element is country of origin. Also if you buy it made from a factory it would cost less than oil made in a country house by a farmer.

## References
## Other websites
*How to make sesame oil at ehow.com
The Kiss (Klimt)

***The Kiss*** or ***The Lovers*** is a painting by Gustav Klimt.  It was the last painting in Klimt's Gold Period.  He painted it in 1907 or 1908.  It is one of the most famous paintings in the world.

The city of Vienna bought the painting from Klimt before he finished it.  It cost 25,000 crowns. and this painting was part of his Golden Period.  Klimt went to the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, where he saw Byzantine art, which also uses gold.  Also, his father and brother were metalworkers.  This is another reason why he liked to use gold leaf in paintings like *The Kiss*.

## References
Asbestosis

**Asbestosis** is caused by breathing in asbestos fibers. If asbestos gets into the lungs by breathing it in, it causes a disease called pulmonary fibrosis. It is one of the asbestos related occupational diseases mostly of the past and a restrictive lung disease.   

It is not to be confused with mesothelioma, a cancer of the pleural spaces and ovary or testicles, also caused by breathing asbestos fibers.

## Countries where asbestos is used today 
* India

There are more countries which use asbestos and this list does not include all of the countries involved.

## References
## Related pages 
*Pneumoconiosis
*Silicosis
*Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Mesothelioma

**Mesothelioma** is a cancer of the *mesothelial* tissue, a membrane that surrounds several cavities inside of the human body, including the lungs. Although mesothelioma has many possible causes, most cases can be traced to asbestos exposure.

Mesothelioma is a deadly form of cancer. Most patients are diagnosed in their 60s and die at around age 70. It is different from asbestosis, another disease caused by asbestos. Mesothelioma has been the subject of many lawsuits.

## References
Annie Raines

**Annie Raines** (born 3 July 1969 near Boston, Massachusetts) is an American harp player, piano player and singer.

## Career
Raines took up the harmonica at the age of 17. She left Antioch College to make a musical career. She was fascinated by the sound of Muddy Waters, Little Walter Jacobs, and Sonny Boy Williamson.  She was influenced by this blues master. She began to play on the streets and at local Boston clubs. She went to Chicago where she met and played with Pinetop Perkins and James Cotton. She played in Chicagos blues clubs. During this time she developed a style of her own.

She teamed with guitarist Paul Rishell who introduced her to the country blues tradition.

## Other websites 
*Homepage Paul Rishell and Annie Raines
Babi

In Egyptian mythology, **Babi**, also **Baba**, was god in the form of a baboon. His name is translated as *Bull of the baboons*. This basically means *boss of all baboons* or the chief of the baboons. Because Baboons have many human s, it was believed that they were dead ancestors.

Because baboons were thought to be the dead, Babi was felt to be an underworld deity.

## References
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)

The **Ministry of Defence** is a British government department headed by the Secretary of State for Defence in the Cabinet.  It controls the administration of the British Armed Forces.

The present Ministry is a post-World War II creation, joining the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry and part of the Ministry of Aviation.  Ministers of State supervise each of the three armed services, and a Joint Chiefs of Staff committee is led by the professional heads of the three services.

## History 
Before 1964, the British Army, Royal Navy, and Royal Air Force had their own departments. During and after World War I and II, leaders thought there should be more cooperation between them.
In 1940, Prime Minister Winston Churchill created the role of Minister of Defence, but it was combined with the job of Prime Minister. In 1946, the Ministry of Defence became its own department with its own minister.

## References
Appendage

An **appendage** is a part of animals attached the main body. Many arthropods have appendages on each, or most, of their segments. Millipedes, for example, have many segments, and almost all carry two legs. Insects have exactly six legs, two on each segment of the thorax. Antennae (feelers) attached to their heads are another type of appendage.

Wings, parts of the tail, legs, some mouthparts, external sex organs can all be described as appendages.

Appendages may be **uniramous**, as in insects and centipedes, where each appendage comprises a single series of segments, or it may be **biramous**, as in many crustaceans, where each appendage branches into two sections. 

All arthropod appendages are variations of the same basic structure (homologous). Which structure is produced is controlled by homeobox genes. Changes to these genes have allowed scientists to produce animals (such as *Drosophila melanogaster*) with modified appendages, such as legs instead of antennae.
Didcot power stations

**Didcot Power Station** refers to a combined coal and oil power plant (**Didcot A Power Station**) and a natural-gas power plant (**Didcot B Power Station**) that supply the National Grid. They are right next to one another in the civil parish of Sutton Courtenay, next to the town of Didcot in Oxfordshire (formerly in Berkshire), in the UK. The combined power stations feature a chimney which is one of the taller structures in the United Kingdom, and six hyperbolic cooling towers, which can be seen from much of the surrounding area. Didcot A was closed in 2013 and three cooling towers have been demolished.

## Didcot 'A' 
This was the first power station here. It is the biggest one with the big cooling towers (that make the cooling water cooler and make lots of steam) that are in two groups. One group is northwest, the other group is southeast. The power station can make up to 2000 megawatts (2000 million watts - an 'average' lightbulb uses only 50 or 60 watts) at any one time. Didcot 'A' mainly burns coal, but can also burn oil, or in some cases gas. This power station can use some biomass such as wood. The fuel (coal, oil and so on) is first ground up in big mills if it is solid (similar to old flour windmills, but powered by electric motors) to give it a large surface area, and is then blown into a large boiler with lots of air. Here it is burnt to make very high pressure steam, which is used to turn a large steam turbine. This turbine is connected to a generator, which makes the electricity that is then sent out on the National Grid. Didcot A was closed in 2013 and has been demolished. There are now (2018) only three of the large cooling towers left.

## Didcot 'B' 
This is the second power station in Didcot and is run only on gas. It can put out almost 1500 megawatts and uses gas turbines (like in an airplane) and steam turbines (like in the old power station) together to be more efficient. This is called combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT). It has smaller cooling towers that can't be seen as easily, but that make a more obvious cloud that appears to come from the ground. Didcot B is still operating in 2018.

## References
Role-playing video game

**Role-playing video games** are a video game genre. They are the electronic version of tabletop role-playing games. The first titles in the genre date back to 1975.

## Subgenres 
### Massively Multiplayer Online 
MMORPGs (**M**assively-**M**ultiplayer **O**nline **R**ole-**P**laying **G**ame), are computer games where many players meet online in one large game world, and go on quests together. Some examples of these games are World of Warcraft, Everquest, or Runescape.

### Text-Based 
Text Based RPGs are not too different from Traditional RPGs, generally based on the Dungeons and Dragons game. However some Text Based RPGs are not for combat, but are for socializing and meeting others.
With many Text Based RPGs you need a client, a program to send what you say to the server, which can be located in another country. Many clients are basic and display text in one colour, but there are others that use colours, enhancing the readability of the contents.

### Action role-playing 
Action RPGs are role-playing video games with action game elements.

### Roguelike 
"Roguelike" is a term for games that use the primary mechanics from the 1980 video game *Rogue*. The mechanics in question are procedural generation and permadeath. Many popular roguelikes include Cult of the Lamb, Hades, The Binding of Isaac, and Slay the Spire.
List of political parties in Azerbaijan

This is **a list of political parties** in **Azerbaijan**.

Azerbaijan is a one-party dominant state, meaning that is a system of majority rule where one political party, in this case the ruling New Azerbaijan Party, has successively won election victories by a very large majority and is therefore the dominant ruling party, which does not have to form coalitions (alliances) with other smaller political parties as a result. The one party dominant state differs from a one-party state, because opposition parties against the New Azerbaijan Party are allowed, but are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. 

## Major parties
*New Azerbaijan Party (*Yeni Azərbaycan Partiyası*)
*Equality Party (*Müsavat Partiyası*)
*Azerbaijan Popular Front Party (*Azərbaycan Xalq Cəbhəsi Partiyası*)
*Azerbaijan Democratic Party (*Azərbaycan Demokrat Partiyası*)
*Motherland Party (*Ana Vatan*)
*Civic Solidarity Party (*Vətəndaş Həmrəyliyi Partiyası*)

## Other parties
*Alliance Party for the Sake of Azerbaijan (*Azərbaycan Naminə Alyans Partiyası*)
*Azerbaijan Communist Party (*Azərbaycan Kommunist Partiyası*)
*Azerbaijan Communist Party (on Platform of Marxism-Leninism) (*Azərbaycan Kommunist Partiyası (Marksizm-Leninizm Platformasında)*)
*Azerbaijan Democratic Party (*Azərbaycan Demokrat Firqəsı*)
*Azerbaijan Democratic Party (*Azərbaycan Demokrat Partiyası*)
*Azerbaijan Greens' Party (*Azərbaycan Yaşıllar Partiyası*) www.azerbaijangreens.org
*Azerbaijan Hope Party (*Azərbaycan Ümid Partiyasi*)
*Azerbaijan Liberal Party (*Azərbaycan Liberal Partiyası*)
*Azerbaijan National Democrat Party (*Azerbaycan Milli Demokrat Partiyası*)
*Azerbaijan Social Democratic Party (*Azerbaycan Sosial-Demokrat Partiyası*)
*Azerbaijan Social Prosperity Party (*Azərbaycan Sosial Rifah Partiyası*)
*Civil Union Party (*Vətəndas Birliyi Partiyasi*)
*Compatriot Party (*Yurddaş Partiyası*)
*Democratic Azerbaijan's World (*Demokratik Azərbaycan Dünyası*)
*Great Order Party (*Böyük Qurulus Partiyasi*)
*Azerbaijan National Independence Party (*Azərbaycan Milli İstiqlal Partiyası*)
*Azerbaijan Political Party of Democratic Reforms (*Azərbaycan Demokratik Islahatlar Siyasi Partiyasi*)
*Justice Party (*Ədalət Partiyası*)
*Modern Equality Party (*Müasir Müsavat Partiyası*)
*National Unity (*Milli Birlik*)
*Reformist Communist Party of Azerbaijan (*Azerbaycan Islahatçi Kommunist Partiyasi*)
*United Communist Party of Azerbaijan (*Azerbaycan Vahid Kommunist Partiyasi*)
*Virtue Party (*Fəzilət Partiyası*)
*Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party (*Bütöv Azərbaycan Xalq Cəbhəsi Partiyasi*)

## Related pages
* National Assembly of Azerbaijan
* President of Azerbaijan
* Prime Minister of Azerbaijan

## References
*"*List of Azerbaijani political parties (2020)*" Central Election Commission of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani)
* Political Parties of Azerbaijan at Eurasianet 

## Footnotes
Terraria

***Terraria*** is an action-adventure, RPG, Sandbox indie game released by independent game studio Re-Logic on May 16, 2011, originally available only on Microsoft Windows. It is the 9th best selling video game of all time. The Windows, macOS, Linux, Steam Deck, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, iOS, Android, and Nintendo Switch versions are still updated and currently on version 1.4.9.5. The Wii U, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Windows Phone, Google Stadia, and Nintendo 3DS versions are no longer updated. They are on version 1.08 or 1.09 and considered the Legacy console versions. Terraria is in a 2D, pixelated style similar to Mario or Mega Man. 

## Gameplay 
The game begins with the player creating a custom character, and then creating a world. When making a world, the size, difficulty, and type of world infection can be picked. The player begins with only basic copper tools, which are used to gather wood, mine blocks, and attack monsters. From these basic tools, the player moves up to stronger armor and weapons by creating them with materials found around the world such as dirt, stone, copper ore, wood, and many more. Players need the right tools to mine certain blocks.

## Bosses 
There are many bosses in Terraria. A boss is an enemy that is much stronger and larger than regular enemies. At the beginning of the game, there are 4 bosses to defeat. They are the Eye of Cthulhu, Brain of Cthulhu/Eater of Worlds (depending on what kind of world infection you choose), Skeletron, and the Wall of Flesh. Once the Wall of Flesh is defeated, many more bosses are available since the world has entered Hardmode. They are the Twins, the Destroyer, Skeletron Prime, Plantera, Golem, the Lunatic Cultist, and the final boss Moon Lord. There are also a few bosses that are not necessary for game progression, such as King Slime, Queen slime, Queen Bee, the Empress of Light, Duke Fishron, and the mini-boss Dreadnautilus. They are not required to complete the game, but each boss drops useful items that will make progression easier. Some bosses are not included in the modern console versions, but are available on the Legacy versions. They are Ocram, Lepus, and Turkor the Ungrateful.   

## Events 
There are many events that can happen while playing. Before entering hardmode, a Goblin Invasion or Blood moon may happen. After entering hardmode, many more events become possible, like Pirate Invasions, Solar Eclipses, and Martian Invasions. Each event has different enemies the player must defeat for it to be over. 

## Other websites 
Official Terraria Website 

Official Terraria Wiki 

Terraria on Steam

## References
;Notes
Genki

was a  after *Eiroku* and before *Tenshō.*  This period started in April 1570 and ended in July 1573. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the *Genki* era
 who was killed in the Battle of Anegawa near Nagahama in the 1st year of *Genki*]]
* **1570** (*Genki 1, 6th month*): At the Battle of Anegawa, the forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu won a .

* **1571** (*Genki 2, 9th month*): Nobunaga ordered the  of temples on Mount Hiei.

## Related pages 
* Muromachi period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Tensho

**Tensho** may mean:
* Tenshō (Heian period) (天承), a Japanese era from 1131-1132
* Tenshō (Momoyama period) (天正), a Japanese era from 1573-1592
Bunroku

was a  after *Tenshō* and before *Keichō.*  This period started in December 1592 and ended in 1596.  During this time, the emperor was .

The *nengō* *Bunroku* means "Enlightened Benevolence".

## Events of the *Bunroku* era
* **1592** (*Bunroku 1*): Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea (*Bunroku no Eki*), also known as *Bunroku-Keichō no Eki.*
* **1592** (*Bunroku 1*): Silver coins called *Bunroku-tsūhō* were minted . Copper coins were issued at the same time, but none are known to have survived.
* **1593** (*Bunroku 3*): Toyotomi Hideyori is born to Hideyoshi's mistress Yodo-Dono.
* **1595** (*Bunroku 4*): Toyotomi Hidetsugu loses his position and power.

Land reform and a general census of the population and a national survey are undertaken in 1589-1595.

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Marcos de Niza

**Fray Marcos de Niza** (– March 25, 1558) was a Franciscan friar. He was born in Nice (*de Niza* means *of Nice* in Spanish), which was at that time under the control of the Italian House of Savoy. He went to America in 1531, and explored the area above Sonora.
O. Henry

**O. Henry** was the pen name of the American writer **William Sydney Porter** (September 11, 1862 – June 5, 1910). O. Henry's short stories are well known for their  clever twist endings.

His whose tales romanticized the commonplace—in particular the life of ordinary people in New York City. His stories expressed the effect of coincidence on character through humour, grim or ironic, and often had surprise endings, a device that became identified with his name and cost him critical favour when its vogue had passed.

Among his most famous stories are:
* "The Gift of the Magi" 
* "The Ransom of Red Chief"
* "A Retrieved Reformation

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* O. Henry Museum
* Biography and stories 
* *Wall Street Journal* article on O. Henry
* 
* O. Henry Items on the Portal to Texas History
Apex (diacritic)

In written Latin, the **apex** (plural: "apices") is a diacritic. It is close to the shape of an acute accent ( ´ ). The apex is used to show that a vowel is long and not short. That means that the vowel is pronounced for longer.

The shape and length of the apex can be different. It can even sometimes be different within the same writing. While pretty much all apices are made up of a line sloping up to the right, the line can be more or less curved, and is different in length from less than half the height of a letter to more than the height of a letter. Sometimes, it is put at the top with a hook, pointing out to the left. Rather than being centered over the vowel it changes, the apex is often drawn to the right.

Later, it developed into the acute accent, which is still used in some languages to mark vowel length. In particular, Czech and Slovak, Hungarian, Irish, and (a long time ago) Icelandic.

## Details 
Although not really known by some modern Latinists, the sign was actually used a lot during classical and postclassical times. The reason why it is not usually noticed is probably because of its smallish size and the fact that it is usually quite thin. People who look carefully will soon start to notice apices in the exhibits of any museum, not only in many of the more formal epigraphic writings, but also in handwritten palaeographic things.

Forgetting the apex, modern Latin spelling has recently started marking long vowels by using the macron. The macron is a sign that had always been used, and still is, to mark metrically long *syllables* (more recently called *heavy* syllables). This has caused confusion between syllable and vowel length in Latin, and most western dictionaries still cannot describe the nature of Latin vowels properly because of this. To make even more confusion, the acute accent is sometimes used in Latin to mark stressed syllables, just like in Spanish, when the macron is not used.

## Identification with the sicilicus 
The apex is often thought to be the opposite of another ancient Latin diacritic, the sicilicus, which is said to have been used above *consonants* to show that they should be pronounced as doubles. However, in his article *Apex and Sicilicus*, Revilo P. Oliver says that they are the same sign, a *geminationis nota*. This was used over any letter to show that the letter should be read twice. 

If Revilo P. Oliver is right, the apex as a sign showing vowel length would have been made in the time when long vowels were written double. Then, when long vowels were not regularly written twice. 

However, Oliver's view that the two marks were the same has recently been d.

## Related pages 
* Acute accent

## References
Differential geometry

is a smooth line; in the map on the left, it has a sharp corner. Calculations done for the map on the left cannot be re-used for the map in the center. The center map and that on the right are compatible.]]

**Differential geometry** is a field of mathematics. It uses differential and integral calculus as well as linear algebra to study problems of geometry. The theory of the plane, as well as curves and surfaces in Euclidean space are the basis of this study. Big discoveries were made in the 18th and 19th century. In geometry, the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. Carl Friedrich Gauß wondered whether triangle bearings of ships really has a sum of angles of exactly 180 degrees; with this question he was among the pioneers of modern differential geometry.

A long time ago, differential geometry was used for map projections. Today, it is used for fields as diverse as general relativity theory, or satellite navigation. Grigori Perelman's proof of the Poincaré conjecture uses differential geometry.
One-party dominant state

The **one-party dominant state** is a system of majority rule where one political party has successively won election victories by a very large majority and is, therefore, the dominant ruling party, which does not have to form coalitions (alliances) with other smaller political parties as a result. 

The one-party dominant state differs from a one-party state, because opposition parties against the dominant ruling party are allowed, but have no real chance of gaining power. 

Many one-party dominant states are dictatorships where only one party can by law be in control, but some one-party dominant states are real democracies, where there are no limits by law against other parties.

A case of this was Mexico, where Presidential candidates (the person running for this governmental office) of the Institutional Revolutionary Party were popularly elected for more than 70 years. In Sweden and Japan, the ruling party lost at least one election but soon won another and returned to power.

Another example is South Africa, where the African National Congress has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa since the democratization of the country with the election of Nelson Mandela in the 1994, winning every election since then. During the apartheid era, the National Party of South Africa ruled from 1948 to 1994 and imposed apartheid. 

In one-party dominant states that are dictatorships, methods are used to suppress other parties, without actually banning them. In some cases state power is used directly and indirectly to prevent smaller parties getting more votes. This can include electoral fraud, gerrymandering or court decisions (which are controlled by the government). In many cases, opposition leaders and other figures are prevented from using the mass media (which are controlled by the government) at election time, and also they often are threatened, harassed, jailed and even killed. In other cases, apart from the government candidates, only candidates from smaller allied parties and "independent" candidates who are closely allied to the dominant ruling party, get an overwhelming advantage. This undermines the legitimacy of the ruling party and the system. Russia, Belarus or Azerbaijan are examples of this.

In these cases, the defeat of the government "cannot be expected for the forseeable future".

## References
Tenshō (Momoyama period)

was a  after *Genki* and before *Bunroku.*  This period started in July 1573 and ended in December 1592.  During this time, the emperors were   and .

The *nengō* *Tenshō* means "Heavenly Virtue".

## Events of the *Tenshō* era
Oda Nobunaga suggested that a new era should begin in 1573.  The general meaning of Tenshō was "heavenly righteousness".

* **1573** (*Tenshō 1, 7th month*): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiaki became a Buddhist priest.
* **1576** (*Tenshō 3, 5th month*): Battle of Nagashino.
* **1576** (*Tenshō 4*): Takeda Katuyori ordered the rebuilding of the Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji in Suruga province.
* **1582** (*Tenshō 10*): Oda Nobunaga orders the  of structures built by Takeda at the Asama Shrine.
* **20 February 1582** (*Tenshō 10, 28th day of the 10th month*):A Jesuit missionary and four Japanese Catholic boys went to Rome to see Pope Gregory XIII. This is sometimes called the "Tenshō Embassy". or the "Boys' Mission of the Tenshō Period" (*Tenshō Shōnen Shisetsu*).
* **1583** (*Tenshō 11, 4th month*): Battle of Shizugatake.
* **1583** (*Tenshō 12, 4th month*): Battle of Komaki and Nagakute.
* **1584** (*Tenshō 13, 7th month*): Toyotomi Hideyoshi is named *kampaku* by Emperor Ōgimachi.
* **17 December 1586** (*Tenshō 14, 7th day of the 11th month*):  Emperor Ogimachi abdicated;
* **1586** (*Tenshō 14, 12th month*): The *kampaku*, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was nominated to be *Daijō-daijin*.  The gold coins (*Tenshō-ōban*) were oval shaped.  The Joseon ambassador was received by Hideyoshi.

## In popular culture 
The fictional plot of the classic Akira Kurosawa film *The Seven Samurai* takes place in the 15th year of *Tenshō*.

## Related pages
* Tenshō (Heian period)

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
New Azerbaijan Party

in Baku.]]

The **New Azerbaijan Party** (*Yeni Azərbaycan Partiyası*, YAP) is the ruling political party in Azerbaijan since 1993.

It was formed on 18 December 1992 by the former President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev, who led it until his retirement and death in 2003. It is now led by his son, Ilham Aliyev, who succeeded his father as the party leader and as President of Azerbaijan since 31 October 2003. The founder of the party, Heydar Aliyev, was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union until July 1991 before the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of Azerbaijan later that year. The headquarters of the party is in the capital city Baku.

The party's stated ideologies are lawfulness, secularism, and Azerbaijani nationalism. It wants to build a "social-oriented" economy, meaning a middle path between socialism and "laissez-faire" capitalism (a mixed economy), and lists civil solidarity and social justice as the basis of its ideology.

## Current and historical representation in the National Assembly of Azerbaijan
* 5 November, 2000  Members of Parliament
* 6 November, 2005  Members of Parliament
* 7 November, 2010  Members of Parliament

## Related pages
* List of political parties in Azerbaijan
* National Assembly of Azerbaijan
* President of Azerbaijan
* Prime Minister of Azerbaijan

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Tonga at the Olympics

**Tonga** has been in seven Olympic Summer Games. They have never been in the Winter Games. 

Tonga was the smallest independent nation to win an Olympic medal.   Super Heavyweight Boxer Paea Wolfgram won a silver medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Tonga wanted to enter a delegation for the 2010 Winter Olympics.  The Tonga Amateur Sports Association (TASA) said they had one athlete to compete in the luge event. In December 2008, two male athletes were selected to travel to Germany for training, but only one of them would be at the Olympics.   Bruno Banani was selected as Tonga's candidate.  He failed to qualify by crashing in the final round of qualifications.

## Medalists
### Silver 
* Paea Wolfgramm — Boxing, Men's Super Heavyweight (>91 kg), 1996

## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References
## Other websites
* Tonga profile at London2012.com
Forgery

A **forgery** is a  document, signature, banknote, or a work of art made to deceive. In most jurisdictions, producing a forgery is a criminal offence. Meanwhile, forging money or certain commodities is called counterfeitng.

## Related pages
* The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Crazyracing Kartrider

***Crazyracing Kartrider*** () is an online computer racing game. Nexon opened a beta version of this game in 2004. There are various kinds of karts and items that you can use in this game. The game has three major modes. In item mode, players can use items such as  missiles, water balls, shields, bananas, and devils. In a speed mode, players use a booster. In flag mode, players try to bring back a flag to your team zone.

It is easy to play. Only arrow keys and Ctrl, Alt keys are needed to control your kart. Decorating and changing your character and kart is another interesting part of this game. Lucci is game money. You can get it by racing. You need Lucci to buy a kart, or character accessories.

Recently Nexon launched Kartrider Rush to Apple App store. Kartrider Rush is minimized version of Crazyracing Kartrider.

## Computer System requirements
*OS: Windows 98/2000/ME/XP and above
*CPU: Pentium IIII 2.0GHz (Above 3.0GHz is recommended)
*RAM: 1GB (2GB and above is recommended)
*Video Card-NVidia: Geforce4 MX and above(Geforce 6200 and above is recommended) 
*-ATI: Radeon 8500 and above(Radeon 9500 and above is recommended)
*DirectX: DirextX 9.0 and later

## References
*http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110311005839/en/Nexons-KartRider-Rush-Races-iOS
Gemology

**Gemology** or **gemmology** is the science of dealing with natural and artificial gems and gemstones. It is considered a geoscience and a branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers are trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems.

## References
Hanok

]]

A ***hanok*** is a type of house. It is built in a traditional Korean style of architecture.

## Features 
The main feature of a hanok is that it has combination of ondol, the Korean under-floor heating system, and wooden floor for heating and cooling. This style is mainly used in Korea because of problems caused by the area having both a continental climate and an oceanic climate.

## Shape 
### Regional differences 
Hanoks have different shapes in different parts of Korea. In the northern part of the Korean peninsula, hanoks have the structure of a house with several wings. The wings are often built in either a square or the letter L. This helps keep the wind out of the house in the colder northern places and helps keep the house warm. These kind of house also has low roofs. In the warmer southern Korean peninsula, hanoks have a single wing and a wooden floor. This helps let the air in and out.

### Class differences
The hanoks is also different based on the class of the people who live it.  Hanok of upper class people usually have tiled roofs (called *giwa*) while lower class houses have roofs made of rice-straw (called *choga*). Hanok for the upper-class people are built not only to be homes, but also to be very ornamental.
A cappella

**A cappella** is a music where people sing without instruments.

In a choir, there are up to 5 parts: soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, and bass. A cappella can also have those 5 parts. A difference is with percussion. With musical instruments, percussion is done with musical instruments that you hit, such as drums. In an a cappella performance, a person makes the percussion sound. For a beatbox performance, performers make sounds like electric drums, synthesizer and electric guitar. Another part of percussion in a cappella performance is making classical drum sounds for tapping the beat.

The word a cappella is Italian for "in the manner of the church" or "in the manner of the chapel".  It was first used in religious music.  Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing.

## History 
For the first 1000 years of Christianity, all hymns in the church were sung without instrumental accompaniment. This style of singing came to be known as a cappella, meaning "of the church" or "in the style of the church".

## Genres 
There are several kinds of music in a cappella, such as barbershop, classical, contemporary, gospel, doo-wop, jazz, and world.

A **barbershop** group has 4 people. The name of this genre came from the tradition that when many men gathered in a barbershop they would sing with no musical instruments. A barbershop quartet has four male voices or four female voices.  **Mixed barbershop** quartets are also possible, usually with two male and two female voices.  The voices parts are called bass, baritone, **lead**, and tenor. In music in the barbershop style, the melody (the **"tune"**) is sung by the lead part.

In **classical** a cappella, people perform classical music such as 'a Turkish march', 'Overture William Tell', madrigal, etc.

**Contemporary** is the most popular kind of a cappella these days. For this kind, the "bass" line should be stronger, and the "chorus" (all the singers except for bass, percussion, and solo) should have variety. The percussion should make their sound more like drums. This genre is similar to 'doo-wop' but the "chorus" part is more complex and has a variety of sound effects.

**Doo-wop** is also getting more popular because of its simple style. Even though it has simple moto (Italian for **"progression of music"**), it can be interesting with great vocal and chorus.

## References 
*CASA Homepage
*KACS Homepage 
*Kissing - Korean A Cappella Club
*blog.me

## Other websites
*Club for five 
*The Real Group
*The Idea of North 
*Suade 
*Naturally 7
*CASA - The Contemporary A Cappella Society
*CASHM 
*KACS - Korea A Cappella Society
Ragunan Zoo

**Ragunan Zoo** is a 140-hectare (350-acre) zoo in Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, Indonesia. It was founded in 1864. The zoo has over 295 species of animals, 171 species of flora and 3,122 animal specimens including birds.

Ragunan Zoo is a combination of a zoo and park, so it is also known as Ragunan Zoological Park. It holds a lot of Indonesian species such as komodo dragon, orangutan, tapir, anoa, sumatran tiger, Javan Hawk-eagle and various colored birds like the southern cassowary. Other popular animals are sumatran elephant, kangaroo, giraffe, and zebra.

## References
## Other websites
Boxer briefs

**Boxer briefs** are men's underwear.  They are tight like briefs but still have long legs like boxer shorts. They are popular and are worn by lots of teenagers and young men. They are sometimes called **retropants, retros** or **retro shorts**. They are fashionable men's underwear that, unlike boxer shorts, are not cut wide, but rather fit snugly on the skin. That keeps the penis and testicles from moving and bouncing a lot, which some men find uncomfortable. The name retros is used because the cut or style comes from underwear styles from the 1950s or even earlier. Boxer briefs reversed the trend from the 1960s through the 1980s in which the popular cuts (styles) of underwear and swimwear became smaller and smaller, especially for teenagers and younger men. 

Boxer briefs are usually made of soft material and can be made in different colours. Some boxer briefs have an opening with buttons on the front. Others just have an elastic waistband and can be pulled on or off like briefs. The waistband is often a separate piece of elastic and is sometimes in a color. Some boxer briefs have elastic at the end of the legs, and stitching across the bottom. Waistband elastics with the brand name in large letters are sometimes worn with pants (trousers) hanging lower on the hips than the elastic so that the brand name is showing. Pants (trousers) that hang lower on the hips than the underwear elastic are called saggers and the style is called sagging or, in some countries, "low-riding". Having the elastic showing was a style some boys, teenagers and young men liked. It started in the late 1980s but sometimes came back into fashion in later decades. 

Some looser styles of boxer briefs offer a compromise or middle option between very snug boxer briefs and lightweight, loose-fitting boxer shorts.

## Image gallery

File:Boxers Brief 1.jpg|A pair of boxer briefs
File:Boxer brief para hombre. Flamingo Boxers.jpg|Flamingo brand boxer briefs
Image:Boxerbriefs-black-Floque-20080508.jpg|A man wearing a pair of .
Image:Tier one protection MOD 45154146.jpg|A man wearing . 
Image:Rear_boxers.JPG|Rear stitching on these boxer briefs avoids a central seam and outlines the buttocks.

## References