March 28

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 37 &ndash; Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
* 193 &ndash; Roman Emperor Pertinax was assassinated by Praetorian Guards, who then sold the throne in an auction to Didius Julianus.
* 364 &ndash; Roman Emperor Valentinian I appoints his brother Flavius Valens as co–Emperor.
* 845 &ndash; Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1566 &ndash; The foundation stone is laid for Valletta, Malta, by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
* 1776 &ndash; Juan Bautista de Anza sails into San Francisco Bay and claims the nearby land for Spain.
* 1795 &ndash; Partitions of Poland: The Duchy of Courland, a northern fief of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ceased to exist and became part of Imperial Russia.
* 1802 &ndash; Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers discovers 2 Pallas, the second asteroid known to man.
* 1809 &ndash; Battle of Medellin, Colombia.
* 1814 &ndash; The Royal Navy defeats the United States Navy in the Battle of Valparaiso, Chile.
* 1834 &ndash; The United States Senate censures President Andrew Jackson for his actions in defunding the Second Bank of the United States.
* 1854 &ndash; Crimean War: United Kingdom and France declare war on Russia.
* 1860 &ndash; First Taranaki War: The Battle of Waireka broke out.
* 1862 &ndash; American Civil War: Battle of Glorieta Pass – In New Mexico, Union forces succeed in stopping the Confederate invasion of New Mexico territory. The battle began on March 26.
* 1871 &ndash; The Paris Commune is officially created in Paris.
* 1883 &ndash; Tonkin Campaign: French victory in the Battle of Gia Cuc.
* 1889 &ndash; The Yngsjö murder occurs in Sweden, as Anna Mansdotter and her son are arrested for the crime.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1910 &ndash; Henri Fabre becomes the first person to fly a seaplane after taking off from a water runway near Martigues, France.
* 1913 &ndash; Guatemala becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires Convention.
* 1915 &ndash; British passenger steamship *Falaba* is sunk by a German U-boat off Wales, killing 104 people, including the first American to die as a direct result of World War I.
* 1920 &ndash; Actors Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford marry.
* 1930 &ndash; Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara.
* 1939 &ndash; Spanish Civil War: Generalissimo Francisco Franco conquers Madrid
* 1941 &ndash; World War II: Battle of Cape Matapan – In the Mediterranean Sea, British Admiral Andrew Browne Cunningham leads the Royal Navy in the destruction of three major Italian battleships and two destroyers.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: In occupied France, British naval forces raid the German–occupied port of St. Nazaire.
* 1946 &ndash; Cold War: The United States State Department releases the Acheson-Lilienthal Report, outlining a plan for the international control of nuclear power.
* 1947 &ndash; The last episode of the *Buck Rogers in the 25th Century* airs on radio.
* 1951 &ndash; First Indochina War: Battle of Mao Khe.
* 1959 &ndash; The State Council of the People's Republic of China dissolves the Government of Tibet.
* 1964 &ndash; The first British offshore pirate radio station, Radio Caroline, is established.
* 1964 &ndash; Tsunamis from the previous day's Good Friday earthquake strike along western coasts of North America, killing 107 people in Alaska, 11 in California and 4 in Oregon.
* 1965 &ndash; An earthquake causes a dam to break near the town of El Cobre, Chile, which is flooded, killing over 200 people.
* 1969 &ndash; Greek poet Giorgos Seferis makes his famous statement on the BBC World Service against the ruling junta in Greece.
* 1970 &ndash; An earthquake of magnitude 7.2 hits Gediz, Turkey, killing 1,086 people.
* 1978 &ndash; US Supreme Court hands down 5–3 decision in *Stump v. Sparkman*, 435 U.S. 349, a controversial case involving involuntary sterilization and judicial immunity.
* 1979 &ndash; In Pennsylvania, a pump in the reactor cooling system fails at Three Mile Island, resulting in the evaporation of some contaminated water causing a nuclear meltdown.
* 1979 &ndash; The British House of Commons passes a vote of no confidence against Prime Minister James Callaghan's Labour Party government. A new election on May 3 results in Margaret Thatcher being elected Prime Minister.
* 1990 &ndash; President George H. W. Bush posthumously gives Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal.
* 1994 &ndash; In South Africa, Zulus and African National Congress supporters battle in central Johannesburg resulting in eighteen deaths.
* 1997 &ndash; A rock fall in Afghanistan kills 380 people.
* 1999 &ndash; Kosovo War: Serbian paramilitary and military forces kill 146 Kosovo Albanians in the Izbica Massacre.
* 1999 &ndash; A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits southwestern China and northern India, killing 100 people.

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; The exhibit "The Italians: Three Centuries of Italian Art" opens at the National Gallery of Australia.
* 2005 &ndash; The 2005 Sumatran earthquake rocks Indonesia, and at magnitude 8.7 is the second strongest earthquake since 1965. It kills around 1,300 people, mainly on the island of Nias.
* 2006 &ndash; Strikes take place in France, in protest at the government proposition First Employment Contract. On the same day, strikes are also held across the United Kingdom.
* 2014 &ndash; It is announced that former Prime Minister of Norway Jens Stoltenberg will succeed Anders Fogh Rasmussen as Secretary–General of NATO on October 1 of the same year.
* 2017 &ndash; The Scottish Parliament, by a majority of 69 to 59, approves plans to hold a second referendum on Scottish independence.
* 2018 &ndash; It is revealed that North Korean leader Kim Jong-un travelled to Beijing to meet with Chinese leader Xi Jinping for talks.
* 2018 &ndash; A fire at a police station's cells in Valencia, Venezuela kills 78 people.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1472 &ndash; Fra Bartolommeo, Italian artist (d. 1517)
* 1496 &ndash; Mary Tudor, Queen of France (d. 1533)
* 1515 &ndash; Teresa of Avila, Spanish saint (d. 1582)
* 1522 &ndash; Albert the Warlike, Prince of Bayreuth (d. 1577)
* 1569 &ndash; Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1622)
* 1592 &ndash; John Amos Comenius, Bohemian philosopher and theologian (d. 1670)
* 1613 &ndash; Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang of the Qing Dynasty of China (d. 1688)
* 1743 &ndash; Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova, major figure in the Russian Enlightenment (d. 1810)
* 1749 &ndash; Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician, physicist and astronomer (d. 1827)
* 1750 &ndash; Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan revolutionary (d. 1816)
* 1760 &ndash; Thomas Clarkson, British abolitionist (d. 1846)
* 1773 &ndash; Henri Gatien Bertrand, French general (d. 1844)
* 1793 &ndash; Henry Schoolcraft, American explorer and ethnologist (d. 1864)
* 1811 &ndash; Saint John Nepomucene Neumann, Bohemian–born American bishop and Roman Catholic saint (d. 1860)
* 1815 &ndash; Arsène Houssaye, French novelist (d. 1896)
* 1818 &ndash; Wade Hampton III, Governor of South Carolina (d. 1902)
* 1819 &ndash; Joseph Bazalgette, English engineer (d. 1891)
* 1832 &ndash; Henry D. Washburn, American politician, general and explorer (d. 1871)
* 1840 &ndash; Emin Pasha, Ottoman–German naturalist and politician (d. 1892)
* 1847 &ndash; Gyula Farkas, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (d. 1930)
* 1851 &ndash; Bernardino Machado, President and Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1944)
* 1862 &ndash; Aristide Briand, Prime Minister of France (d. 1932)
* 1868 &ndash; Maxim Gorky, Russian writer (d. 1936)
* 1878 &ndash; Herbert H. Lehman, Governor of New York (d. 1963)
* 1890 &ndash; Paul Whiteman, American bandleader and composer (d. 1967)
* 1892 &ndash; Corneille Heymans, Belgian doctor, won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1968)
* 1894 &ndash; Ernst Lindemann, German captain (d. 1941)
* 1895 &ndash; Christian Herter, Governor of Massachusetts and United States Secretary of State (d. 1966)
* 1895 &ndash; Spencer W. Kimball, American Mormon leader (d. 1985)
* 1897 &ndash; Sepp Herberger, German football coach (d. 1977)
* 1899 &ndash; August Anheuser Busch, Jr., American brewer (d. 1989)
* 1899 &ndash; Harold B. Lee, American religious figure (d. 1973)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1903 &ndash; Rudolf Serkin, Austrian pianist (d. 1991)
* 1910 &ndash; Ingrid of Sweden, Queen Consort of Denmark (d. 2000)
* 1911 &ndash; J. L. Austin, British philosopher (d. 1960)
* 1912 &ndash; Marina Raskova, Soviet pilot (d. 1943)
* 1913 &ndash; Kazuo Taoka, Japanese crime boss (d. 1981)
* 1913 &ndash; Toko Shinoda, Japanese artist
* 1914 &ndash; Bohumil Hrabal, Czech writer (d. 1997)
* 1914 &ndash; Edmund Muskie, American politician, Governor of Maine and United States Secretary of State (d. 1996)
* 1917 &ndash; Claude Bertrand, Canadian neurosurgeon (d. 2014)
* 1921 &ndash; Dirk Bogarde, English actor (d. 1999)
* 1921 &ndash; Herschel Grynszpan, German–Jewish refugee and assassin (d. 1942)
* 1922 &ndash; Neville Bonner, Australian politician (d. 1999)
* 1922 &ndash; Theo Albrecht, German businessman (Aldi Nord) (d. 2010)
* 1923 &ndash; Paul C. Donnelly, American scientist and engineer (d. 2014)
* 1925 &ndash; Innokenty Smoktunovsky, Soviet–Russian actor (d. 1994)
* 1926 &ndash; Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba, Spanish noblewoman (d. 2014)
* 1926 &ndash; Yvon Taillandier, French artist, author and critic (d. 2018)
* 1927 &ndash; Theo Colborn, American zoologist (d. 2014)
* 1927 &ndash; Marianne Fredriksson, Swedish writer (d. 2007)
* 1928 &ndash; Zbigniew Brzezinski, Polish–American political scientist (d. 2017)
* 1928 &ndash; Alexander Grothendieck, German–French mathematician (d. 2014)
* 1930 &ndash; Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist
* 1930 &ndash; Robert Ashley, American composer
* 1931 &ndash; Anatoly Lein, Soviet–Russian–born American chess player (d. 2018)
* 1933 &ndash; Frank Murkowski, American politician, former Governor of Alaska
* 1933 &ndash; Juan Sandoval Íñiguez, Archbishop of Guadalajara, Mexico
* 1935 &ndash; Frank Judd, Baron Judd, British politician
* 1935 &ndash; Michael Parkinson, British broadcaster
* 1936 &ndash; Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian writer and politician
* 1936 &ndash; Amancio Ortega, Spanish businessman
* 1936 &ndash; Zdenek Sverak, Czech actor
* 1940 &ndash; Luis Cubilla, Uruguayan footballer (d. 2013)
* 1941 &ndash; Alf Clausen, American orchestra conductor
* 1942 &ndash; Daniel Dennett, American philosopher
* 1942 &ndash; Neil Kinnock, British politician, former leader of the Labour Party
* 1942 &ndash; Mike Newell, British director
* 1942 &ndash; Kitanofuji Katsuaki, Japanese sumo wrestler
* 1942 &ndash; Conrad Schumann, East German border guard (d. 1998)
* 1942 &ndash; Jerry Sloan, American basketball player and coach
* 1943 &ndash; Richard Eyre, English director, producer and screenwriter
* 1944 &ndash; Rick Barry, American basketball player
* 1944 &ndash; Ken Howard, American actor (d. 2016)
* 1945 &ndash; Rodrigo Duterte, President of the Philippines
* 1946 &ndash; Alejandro Toledo, former President of Peru
* 1946 &ndash; Wubbo Ockels, Dutch physicist and astronaut (d. 2014)
* 1946 &ndash; Henry Paulson, American politician
* 1948 &ndash; Dianne Wiest, American actress
* 1948 &ndash; John Evan, British musician (Jethro Tull)
* 1949 &ndash; Josephine Chaplin, American actress
* 1949 &ndash; Kevin Lloyd, British actor (d. 1998)

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1952 &ndash; Tony Brise, English racing driver (d. 1975)
* 1953 &ndash; Melchior Ndadaye, Burundian politician (d. 1993)
* 1955 &ndash; Reba McEntire, American singer and actress
* 1955 &ndash; John Alderdice, Baron Alderdice, Northern Irish politician
* 1956 &ndash; Evelin Jahl, German athlete
* 1956 &ndash; April Margera, American television personality
* 1959 &ndash; Laura Chinchilla, former President of Costa Rica
* 1960 &ndash; José Antonio Alonso, Spanish politician (d. 2017)
* 1960 &ndash; José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde
* 1961 &ndash; Orla Brady, Irish actress
* 1961 &ndash; Byron Scott, American basketball player and coach
* 1962 &ndash; Jure Franko, Slovenian skier
* 1963 &ndash; Nina Ananiashvili, Georgian prima ballerina
* 1966 &ndash; Cheryl James, American rapper and actress
* 1967 &ndash; John Ziegler, American radio host
* 1968 &ndash; Nasser Hussain, English cricketer
* 1968 &ndash; Tim Lovejoy, English television presenter
* 1969 &ndash; Ilke Wyludda, German discus thrower
* 1969 &ndash; Laurie Brett, Scottish actress
* 1970 &ndash; Michelle Gildernew, Northern Irish politician
* 1970 &ndash; Vince Vaughn, American actor
* 1971 &ndash; Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi, British solicitor and politician
* 1972 &ndash; Nick Frost, British actor
* 1973 &ndash; Eddie Fatu, Samoan–American professional wrestler (d. 2009)
* 1973 &ndash; Scott Mills, British radio presenter
* 1975 &ndash; Kate Gosselin, American television personality
* 1975 &ndash; Ivan Helguera, Spanish footballer
* 1975 &ndash; Richard Kelly, American director and screenwriter

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Dave Keuning, American guitarist (The Killers)
* 1976 &ndash; Stephen Gethins, Scottish politician
* 1977 &ndash; Erik Rasmussen, American ice hockey player
* 1979 &ndash; Crystal Cox, American athlete
* 1980 &ndash; Albert Streit, German footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Julia Stiles, American actress
* 1982 &ndash; Luis Tejada, Panamanian footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Christopher Samba, Congolese footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Nikki Sanderson, British actress and model
* 1985 &ndash; Stanislas Wawrinka, Swiss tennis player
* 1986 &ndash; Lady Gaga, American singer
* 1986 &ndash; Bowe Bergdahl, American sergeant
* 1986 &ndash; Amaia Salamanca, Spanish actress
* 1988 &ndash; Lacey Turner, English actress
* 1989 &ndash; David Goodwillie, Scottish footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Luca Marrone, Italian footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Ekaterina Bobrova, Russian ice dancer
* 1991 &ndash; Marie-Philip Poulin, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1991 &ndash; Amy Bruckner, American actress and singer
* 1991 &ndash; Hoya, South Korean singer and actor
* 1992 &ndash; Sergi Gomez, Spanish footballer
* 1994 &ndash; Jackson Wang, South Korean singer, dancer and model
* 1995 &ndash; Jonathan Drouin, Canadian ice hockey player

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 193 &ndash; Pertinax, Roman Emperor (b. 126)
* 1072 &ndash; Ordulf, Duke of Saxony
* 1239 &ndash; Emperor Go-Toba of Japan (b. 1180)
* 1241 &ndash; King Valdemar II of Denmark (b. 1170)
* 1552 &ndash; Guru Angad Dev, Indian Sikh Guru (b. 1504)
* 1584 &ndash; Tsar Ivan IV of Russia (Ivan the Terrible) (b. 1530)
* 1687 &ndash; Constantijn Huygens, Dutch poet and composer (b. 1596)
* 1794 &ndash; Marquis de Condorcet, French mathematician and philosopher (b. 1743)
* 1818 &ndash; Antonio Capuzzi, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1755)
* 1850 &ndash; Gerard Brandon, Governor of Mississippi (b. 1788)
* 1866 &ndash; Solomon Foot, American lawyer and politician (b. 1802)
* 1881 &ndash; Modest Mussorgsky, Russian composer (b. 1839)
* 1884 &ndash; Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (b. 1853)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1908 &ndash; Hermann Clemenz, Estonian chess player (b. 1846)
* 1928 &ndash; Nathan Stubblefield, American inventor (b. 1860)
* 1929 &ndash; Katharine Lee Bates, American poet and songwriter (b. 1859)
* 1929 &ndash; Lomar Gouin, 13th Premier of Quebec (b. 1861)
* 1934 &ndash; Mahmoud Mokhtar, Egyptian sculptor (b. 1891)
* 1937 &ndash; Karol Szymanowksi, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1882)
* 1941 &ndash; Virginia Woolf, English feminist writer (b. 1882)
* 1942 &ndash; Miguel Hernandez, Spanish poet (b. 1910)
* 1943 &ndash; Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian composer and pianist (b. 1873)
* 1953 &ndash; Jim Thorpe, American athlete (b. 1887)
* 1958 &ndash; W. C. Handy, American blues musician and composer (b. 1873)
* 1965 &ndash; Clemence Dane, British novelist and playwright (b. 1888)
* 1969 &ndash; Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President of the United States (b. 1890)
* 1974 &ndash; Arthur Crudup, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1905)
* 1974 &ndash; Dorothy Fields, American librettist and lyricist (b. 1905)
* 1975 &ndash; Ernst Fraenkel, German–American jurist (b. 1898)
* 1977 &ndash; Eric Shipton, British explorer and mountain climber (b. 1907)
* 1979 &ndash; Emmett Kelly, American clown (b. 1898)
* 1980 &ndash; Dick Haymes, Argentine–American actor and singer (b. 1918)
* 1982 &ndash; William Giauque, Canadian chemist (b. 1895)
* 1985 &ndash; Marc Chagall, Russian–born painter (b. 1887)
* 1987 &ndash; Maria von Trapp, Austrian singer (b. 1905)
* 1987 &ndash; Patrick Troughton, British actor (b. 1920)
* 1994 &ndash; Eugene Ionescu, Romanian–born playwright (b. 1909)
* 1996 &ndash; Shin Kanemaru, Japanese politician (b. 1914)
* 2000 &ndash; Anthony Powell, British novelist (b. 1905)

### From 2001 
* 2004 &ndash; Peter Ustinov, British actor (b. 1921)
* 2006 &ndash; Caspar Weinberger, American politician (b. 1917)
* 2009 &ndash; Janet Jagan, American–born President of Guyana (b. 1920)
* 2010 &ndash; Herb Ellis, American musician (b. 1921)
* 2010 &ndash; June Havoc, Canadian–American actress (b. 1912)
* 2011 &ndash; Wenche Foss, Norwegian actress (b. 1917)
* 2012 &ndash; Alexander Arutunian, Armenian composer (b. 1920)
* 2012 &ndash; Earl Scruggs, American musician (b. 1924)
* 2013 &ndash; Richard Griffiths, British actor (b. 1947)
* 2013 &ndash; Boris Strel, Slovenian skier (b. 1959)
* 2014 &ndash; Jeremiah Denton, American politician and admiral (b. 1924)
* 2014 &ndash; Edwin Kagin, American lawyer (b. 1940)
* 2014 &ndash; Lorenzo Semple Jr., American screenwriter (b. 1923)
* 2015 &ndash; Miroslav Ondricek, Czech cinematographer (b. 1934)
* 2015 &ndash; Gene Saks, American director (b. 1921)
* 2015 &ndash; Richard L. Bare, American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1913)
* 2016 &ndash; Daan Myngheer, Belgian cyclist (b. 1993)
* 2016 &ndash; James Noble, American actor (b. 1922)
* 2017 &ndash; Infanta Alicia, Duchess of Calabria (b. 1917)
* 2017 &ndash; Ahmed Kathrada, South African anti–Apartheid activist and politician (b. 1929)
* 2017 &ndash; Christine Kaufmann, Austrian–German actress (b. 1945)
* 2017 &ndash; William McPherson, American journalist, author and critic (b. 1933)
* 2017 &ndash; Janine Sutto, French–born Canadian actress (b. 1921)
* 2017 &ndash; Enn Vetemaa, Estonian writer (b. 1936)
* 2018 &ndash; Peter Munk, Hungarian–born Canadian businessman (b. 1927)
* 2018 &ndash; Eugène Van Roosbroeck, Belgian racing cyclist (b. 1928)

## Observances 
* Serfs Emancipation Day (Tibet)
* Teachers' Day (Czech Republic of Slovakia)