open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Barbara Chilcott

**Barbara Chilcott Davis** (September 10, 1922 – January 1, 2022) was a Canadian actress. Her career began in 1949 and she retired in 1999. She was born in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada. Her best known roles were in *The Full Treatment* (1960), *The Trap* (1966), *Lies My Father Told Me* (1975), *M. Butterfly* (1993) and *No Contest II* (1996).

Chilcott died in Toronto, Ontario on January 1, 2022, at the age of 99.

## References
## Other websites
*
Esbjerg fB

**Esbjerg forenede Boldklubber** (; also known as **Esbjerg&nbsp;fB** or **EfB** in short) is a professional football club. They are in Esbjerg, West Jutland, Denmark. They play in the 1st&nbsp;Division, the second-tier of the Danish football league system. 

They were founded in 1924. They have been playing at Blue Water Arena since its opening in 1955.

## References
Mocedades

**Mocedades** () is a Spanish singing group. They were from the  Basque Autonomous Community. They represented Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1973. Their best known song was "Eres Tú".

In 2014, *Mocedades* became the name of two bands: one with Izaskun Uranga as its leader and the other with Javier Garay. A third group, El Consorcio, is made of former Mocedades members who left the group but have continued a career together outside the Mocedades brand.

## References
Diseconomies of scale

Usually, when a business grows, it can produce more units, at a lower per-unit price. In economics, this is known as economies of scale. Unfortunately, this is only true up to a certain point. When the company grows beyond that point, producing goods or services gets more expensive again. This effect is known as **diseconomies of scale**. There are many causes for this effect:

* The communication costs are larger in bigger organisations. It may also be more difficult to reach a given person.
* With more employees, it is probable that two people will be doing the same thing. This is known as duplication of effort.
* Larger companies have longer response times.
* Sometimes people are afraid to change procedures that worked in a smaller company, but that need adapting to a bigger company.
Dryophytes gratiosus

The **barking tree frog**, **Florida hyla**, **Florida tree frog**, **Georgia tree frog**, **bell-frog**, or **giant tree frog**  (*Dryophytes gratiosus*) is a frog that lives in the southeastern United States.  It lives as far north as New Jersey, as far west as Kentucky and Mississippi, and as far south as Alabama and Florida.

The adult male frog is 4.9 to 7.0 cm from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 5.0 to 7.0 cm long.  It is one of the largest tree frogs in the United States.  Its skin is bright green to dark green.  It has spots.

## References
S. H. Sarma

Vice Admiral **Sree Harilal Sarma**, PVSM (1 December 1922 – 3 January 2022) was an Indian Navy admiral. He was Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF) during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He later was the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command from 1 March 1977 to 2 February 1978.

Sarma was hospitalized on 22 December 2021 in Bhubaneswar, Odisha after having cardiac arrest. He died on 3 January 2022, aged 99.

## References
Hamish More

**Hamish Keith More** (30 May 1940 – 2 January 2022) was a Scottish cricketer. He played for the Scotland national cricket team in first-class cricket from 1966 to 1976. He also played in List A cricket in 1980.

## Career
More was a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper. He made his highest first-class score against Surrey in 1969. This was when he opened the second innings and scored 89 out of a team total of 166. While playing against the Pakistan national team in 1971, he set a Scottish catching record when he took seven catches in the match, six of them off the spin bowling of Jimmy Allan.

## Death
More died on 2 January 2022 at the age of 81.

## References
Chillon Castle

**Chillon Castle** () is an island castle located on Lake Geneva (Lac Léman), south of Veytaux in the canton of Vaud. 

Chillon is amongst the most visited medieval castles in Switzerland and Europe. 

## References
Kyle Coetzer

**Kyle James Coetzer**  (born 14 April 1984) is a Scottish former cricketer who was born in Aberdeen. Active as a right-handed batter from 2004 to 2023, he played at international level for Scotland, and in first-class cricket for Durham and Northamptonshire. Coetzer's uncle is Grant Dugmore, who played cricket internationally for Argentina.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
*
Bischbrunn

**Bischbrunn** is a community with around 1,800 (2013) residents in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Marktheidenfeld.

## Geography
### Location
Bischbrunn is in Main-Spessart, in the Würzburg Region. It is in the Spessart range of hills. The Geiersberg, the highest elevation in the Spessart is in the municipal territory.

The community has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Bischbrunn, Bischbrunner Forst, Fürstlich Löwenstein'scher Park, Oberndorf.

## References
## Other websites
* Municipal website
Kamel Lemoui

**Kamel Lemoui** (28 February 1939 – 3 January 2022) was an Algerian football player and manager. He played RC Paris B, Béziers, US Biskra, MC Alger, CR Belcourt, Olympique de Médéa and JS El Biar. He also played for the Algerian national team between 1963 and 1968.

## References
Burgsinn

**Burgsinn** is a market community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (municipal association) of Burgsinn. It has a population of around 2,500.

## Geography 
### Location
Burgsinn is in Main-Spessart, in the *Mittelgebirge* Spessart. It is in the valley of the river Sinn from which it takes its name.

### Subdivisions
The community has only the *Gemarkung* (traditional rural cadastral area) of Burgsinn. The municipal territory stretches into the wooded hills east and west of the Sinn valley.

### Neighbouring communities
Burgsinn borders on (from the north, clockwise): Mittelsinn, the unincorporated areas '** and **', Wartmannsroth, Gräfendorf, Rieneck,  (unincorporated area), Fellen and Aura im Sinngrund.

## References 
## Other websites
* Municipal website
Erlenbach bei Marktheidenfeld

**Erlenbach bei Marktheidenfeld** (officially ) is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia () in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the  (Administrative Community) of Marktheidenfeld. It has given itself the title  – Wine Town with Heart.

## Geography 
### Location 
The community is on *Bundesstraße* 8 between Würzburg and Aschaffenburg.

### Constituent communities 
Besides Erlenbach itself, the outlying centre of Tiefenthal also belongs to the community.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Community’s official webpage  
* *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* of Marktheidenfeld
Esselbach

**Esselbach** is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Marktheidenfeld.

## Geography
### Location
The community is made up of the main centre of Esselbach as well as the outlying centres of  and Steinmark. Belonging to Esselbach are the homesteads of Schleifthor, Alte Wachenmühle, Neue Wachenmühle, Faun and Karlshöhe. To Steinmark belong the Kieseckersmühle and the Heinrichsmühle. Schleifthor, Faun and Karlshöhe are part of the Löwensteiner Park, an otherwise unincorporated area.

## References
Eußenheim

**Eußenheim** (or *Eussenheim*) is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany.

## Geography
### Location
Eußenheim is on the river Wern in the Würzburg Region, in the *Fränkisches Weinland* (“Franconian Wineland”).

The community has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Aschfeld, Bühler, Eußenheim, Hundsbach, Münster and Obersfeld.

There is also a hamlet in the community called Schönarts.

## References
Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff

**Igor Yourievitch Bogdanoff** (29 August 1949 &ndash; 3 January 2022) and **Grégoire "Grichka" Yourievitch Bogdanoff** (29 August 1949 – 28 December 2021) were French twin brother television presenters, producers, and scientific essayists.

They wrote books on science fiction, popular science, and cosmology. They were very controversial and were part of the Bogdanov affair, in which it was said the brothers wrote physics papers that made no sense and were published in trustworthy scientific journals.

The Bogdanoff twins were both hospitalised in critical condition for COVID-19 on 15 December 2021 at Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou in Paris. Grichka died from the virus on 28 December, at the age of 72. Igor died six days later. 

## References
Adelsberg (Gemünden am Main)

**Adelsberg** is an outlying centre (*Stadtteil*) of Gemünden am Main in Main-Spessart, in Bavaria, Germany. It is about 40&nbsp;km northwest of Würzburg.

## References
Johann-Werner Prein

**Johann-Werner Prein** (; born 3 January 1954) is an Austrian operatic singer. He has made an international career by performing at major opera houses and festivals based in Germany. He performed roles for baritones (Wagner's Sachs in *Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg*) and bass (Mozart's Sarastro in *Die Zauberflöte*}. In recordings, he has focused on operas of the early 20th century. Examples include Busoni's *Turandot* and Schulhoff's *Flammen*.

## References
Gössenheim

**Gössenheim** is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Gemünden am Main.

## Geography
### Location
Gössenheim is on the river Wern in the Würzburg Region.

### Constituent communities
Gössenheim’s *Ortsteile* are Gössenheim and Sachsenheim.

## References
Hafenlohr

**Hafenlohr** is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Marktheidenfeld.

## Geography
### Location
Hafenlohr is in the Würzburg Region, about 3&nbsp;km from Marktheidenfeld. It is on the convergence of the rivers Hafenlohr and Main.

### Subdivision
The community has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Hafenlohr, Windheim, Fürstlich Löwenstein'scher Park.

## References
## Other websites
*
Hasloch

**Hasloch** is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* of Kreuzwertheim. Hasloch has a population of about 1,400.

## Geography
### Location
Hasloch is on the river Main in the Würzburg region. The river at this point is the border between Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. Hasloch is on the southern edge of the  *Mittelgebirge* Spessart. The Haslochbach flows into the Main east of the village.

### Subdivisions
The community has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Hasloch and Hasselberg.

## References
## Other websites
* Municipal website
* *Eisenhammer* museum
Himmelstadt

**Himmelstadt** is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Zellingen.

Because of the community’s “heavenly” name – *Himmel* means “heaven” or “sky” in German – the *Weihnachtspostamt Himmelstadt* (“Himmelstadt Christmas Post Office”) has existed since 1986, run by Deutsche Post and the community.

## Geography 
### Location 
Himmelstadt is in the Würzburg Region.
 
The community has only one *Gemarkung* (traditional rural cadastral area), also called Himmelstadt.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Himmelstadt Christmas Post Office
Karlstadt am Main

**Karlstadt** is a town in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the administrative centre of Main-Spessart (*Kreisstadt*), and has a population of around 15,000.

## Geography
Karlstadt is on the River Main in Main-Spessart, about 25&nbsp;km north of the city of Würzburg. It belongs to the Main-Franconian wine-growing region. The town itself is on the right edge of the river, but the municipal territory extends to the left edge.

Since the combinations in 1978, Karlstadt's *Stadtteile* have been Gambach, Heßlar, Karlburg, Karlstadt, Laudenbach, Mühlbach, Rohrbach, Stadelhofen, Stetten, and Wiesenfeld.

## Notable people
]]
]]
* Johannes Schöner (b. 1477, d. 1547 in Nuremberg), mathematician, geographer, cartographer, astronomer, and astrologist
* Andreas Bodenstein (b. about 1482, d. 1541 in Basel), also named after his birthplace *Karlstadt*, or in Latinized form *Carolstadius*, reformer
*  (b. about 1494, d. 1566 in Wittenberg), theologian, humanistic philosopher, and reformer
*  (b. 1522, d. 1587 in Strasbourg), historian, poet, jurist, and official
* Johann Rudolph Glauber (b. 1604 in Karlstadt; d. 1670 in Amsterdam), apothecary and chemist
* Franz Sperr (b. 1878, d. 23 January 1945 executed in Berlin-Plötzensee), jurist and member of the Widerstand in the Third Reich
*  (b. 1887, d. 1915 near Soldau in Masuria), painter
*  (b. 1894 in Wiesenfeld-Erlenbach, d. 1971), writer, poet
* Ruth Westheimer (b. Karola Ruth Siegel and known as "Dr. Ruth," 4 June 1928 in Wiesenfeld), sex therapist, talk show host, author, professor, Holocaust survivor, and former Haganah sniper; later, U.S. citizen.
*  (b. 1948 in Aschaffenburg, d. 2007 in Karlstadt), carnevalist
* Roland Büchner (b. 1954), Regensburg cathedral choirmaster, conductor, leader of the Regensburger Domspatzen

## Gallery

File:Karlburg-Karlstadt-PIC00010.JPG|Karlsburg, Karlstadt, on the west bank of the Main
File:Stadtmauer-Karlstadt-PIC00014.JPG|Main gate with flood gauge, Karlstadt
File:Stadttor-Karlstadt-PIC00016.JPG| Main gate tower and main gate, Karlstadt
File:Stadt Karlstadt 1888.jpg| Bond of the town of Karlstadt am Main, issued 1 September 1888

## References
## Other websites
* Town’s official webpage 
*
Kreuzwertheim

**Kreuzwertheim**  () is a market town in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (municipal association) of Kreuzwertheim. It has around 3,800 residents.

## Geography 
### Location 
The municipality is on the right edge of the river Main on the edge of the Spessart, across the river from the town of Wertheim in Baden-Württemberg.

### Constituent communities 
Kreuzwertheim's *Ortsteile* are (with year of amalgamation and rough population figures):

* Kreuzwertheim, 2,844  
* Unterwittbach, 1977, 207
* Wiebelbach, 1972, 201
* Röttbach, 1978, 569

The municipality has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Kreuzwertheim, Röttbach, Unterwittbach, Wiebelbach.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Community’s official webpage 
* Unterwittbach 
* Wiebelbach
Homebrew (video games)

called The Homebrew Channel.]]
**Homebrew**, when used in video games, are games or mods produced by hobbyists for video game consoles which are not intended to be changed to the extent homebrew gives. Official documentation is often only available to licensed developers. Many consoles have hardware restrictions to prevent homebrew, or have system updates to patch out exploits that allow homebrew.

The Wii, along with many other consoles was a big target for homebrew. The Wii was originally hacked by a custom serial port interface.

Homebrew is normally installed by abusing an exploit or bug in the consoles code, in order to run your own custom code. Exploits that allow Homebrew can also be found in certain games, such as the Tony Hawk Pro Skater games, and Lego Indiana Jones for the Wii. 
## References
Lohr am Main

**Lohr am Main** (officially: *Lohr a. Main*) is a town in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat (but not a member) of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (municipal association) of Lohr am Main. It has a population of about 15,000.

## Etymology
The town takes its name from the famous river that flows into the Main in the municipality.
 The addition "am Main" distinguishes it from other towns also named Lohr.

Past ways of spelling the name include:

The Main river valley is steep with an elevation change from 160&nbsp;m above sea level at Gemünden dropping to 100&nbsp;m above sea level at Hanau. The river Main in its natural state is a fast-moving stream unsuitable for shipping.

### Subdivisions
Lohr am Main's *Stadtteile* are , Lindig, , , , , ,  and .

The town has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Halsbach, Lohr a. Main, Pflochsbach, Rodenbach, Ruppertshütten, Sackenbach, Sendelbach, Steinbach, Wombach.

Also, the town of Lohr am Main also owns plots of land within other municipalities, namely Partenstein, Gemünden am Main and Rechtenbach.

### Neighbouring communities 
Clockwise from the north, these are Partenstein, Frammersbach, Flörsbachtal, Fellen, Burgsinn, Rieneck, Neuendorf, Gemünden am Main, Karlstadt, Steinfeld, Neustadt am Main and Rechtenbach.

## Further reading 
* Christ, Günter: Lohr am Main. Der ehemalige Landkreis. Hrsg. von der Kommission für Bayerische Landesgeschichte bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Laßleben, Kallmünz 2007, 
* Loibl, Werner: Die kurmainzische Spiegelmanufaktur Lohr am Main (1698–1806) und die Nachfolgebetriebe im Spessart, 3 Volumes. Geschichts- und Kunstverein Aschaffenburg, Aschaffenburg 2012. , , 
* Ruf, Alfons, Die Pfarrkirche St. Michael in Lohr und ihre Baugeschichte. Lohr a. Main, 1983.
* Ruf, Theodor,  Quellen und Erläuterungen zur Geschichte der Lohr am Main bis zum Jahre 1559, Lohr a. Main,  2011. 
* Ruf, Theodor: Die Grafen von Rieneck. Genealogie und Territorienbildung. Würzburg 1984 (town history)

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Town’s official webpage 
* 
* Handball in Lohr
Gemünden am Main

**Gemünden am Main** (officially *Gemünden a.Main*) is a town in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and is about 40&nbsp;km down the Main from Würzburg. Gemünden has around 10,000 residents.

## Geography 
### Location 
Gemünden is in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, on the Main, about 40&nbsp;km downriver from Würzburg. Within the town, the River Sinn flows into the Franconian Saale, which itself then releases into the Main. The Main river changes its direction at Gemünden, from northwest to west, marking the northeastern end of the *Mainviereck* ("Main Square") near Lohr am Main.

Gemünden is on the *Birkenhainer Strasse*, an ancient trade road from Lower Franconia to today's Frankfurt Rhine Main Region.

### Subdivisions
Gemünden's *Stadtteile* are Adelsberg, Aschenroth, Harrbach, Hofstetten, Hohenroth, Kleinwernfeld, Langenprozelten, Neutzenbrunn, Reichenbuch, Schaippach, Schönau, Seifriedsburg, Wernfeld and Massenbuch.

## Further reading 
* Anneliese Lussert and Olga Knoblach-Wolff: *Dir sing ich Gemünden mein Lied* by Hofmann, G H 1982.
* Olga Knoblach-Wolff: *Gemündener Türen und Tore. Impressionen und Erinnerungen in Bild und Wort*. Accompanying historical commentary by Erhard Schenk.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
National Intelligence and Security Service

**The National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS)** (Amharic: ብሔራዊ መረጃና ደህንነት አገልግሎት) is part of the government of Ethiopia.  It is an intelligence agency.  It finds information and gives it to other parts of the government.  It looks for information that affects the *whole country*.  It is a federal agency, part of the main government.  That means it must works with state-level agencies, the **Ethiopian National Defense Forces**, and the **Federal Police Commission**. It began in 2013. It is part of the Ministry of Peace.
## Jurisdiction 
The National Intelligence and Security Service has nine departments. It runs checkpoints at airports, like the Transportation Security Administration does in the United States.  It is similar to the United States Department of Homeland Security and the Central Intelligence Agency.  It also catches terrorists.

## References
Frammersbach

**Frammersbach** is a market community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany. In the early modern period, people from Frammersbach achieved international fame as drivers of wagons on the most important trans-European trade routes. Today, Frammersbach has a population of about 4,500.

## Geography 
### Location 
This state-recognized resort (*staatlich anerkannter Erholungsort*) is between Würzburg and Aschaffenburg, in the middle of the Spessart Nature Park (*Naturpark Spessart*).

The municipal territory borders on the state of Hesse in places and is not continuous: Habichsthal is separated from Frammersbach proper by the wooded unincorporated area of the . On all other sides, the village is surrounded by the  (placed in the neighbouring Aschaffenburg district).

Frammersbach is in the valley of the Lohr river, while Habichsthal is in a side valley of the Aubach, which flows into the Lohr at Partenstein. Out of a total municipal area of around 2,000 hectares, about 700 hectares are covered by communally-owned forest.

Nearby hills are the ,  and the Hermannskoppe.

### Subdivisions
The community has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Frammersbach and Habichsthal. These are also Frammersbach's two *Ortsteile* (boroughs).

The former villages Herbertshain, Hofreith and Schwartel have been took into Frammersbach proper.

### Neighbouring communities
The neighbouring communities are from the north, clockwise: Flörsbachtal (Hesse), the unincorporated areas  and Frammersbacher Forst, Partenstein,  (unincorporated area), Wiesthal, Heinrichsthaler Forst (unincorporated area), again Frammersbacher Forst and finally Wiesen.

## Other websites 
* Community’s official webpage 
* Waggoners’ and Tailors’ Museum 

## References
Mark Robins

**Mark Gordon Robins** (born 22 December 1969) is an English football manager and former player, who is the manager of Coventry City. As a player, he was a striker.

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### As a player
**Manchester United**
*FA Cup: 1989–90
*FA Charity Shield: 1990
*European Cup Winners' Cup: 1990–91
*European Super Cup: 1991

**Leicester City**
*Football League Cup: 1996–97
*Football League First Division play-offs: 1996

**Individual**
*Denzil Haroun Young Player of the Year: 1988–89
*Denzil Haroun Reserve Team Player of the Year: 1989–90

### As a manager
**Coventry City**
*League One: 2019–20
*League Two play-offs: 2017–18
*EFL Trophy: 2016–17

**Individual**
*League One Manager of the Month: December 2012, October 2015, October 2018, February 2020
*League Two Manager of the Month: November 2007, August 2008

## References
1. Salzburger Sportklub 1919

**1. SSK 1919** is a football club from Salzburg. It was founded 1919 and is the second oldest football club in Salzburg.
## History
The club was founded by the former Vienna player Hans Dobesch. They played mostly in the highest levels of Salzburg. The biggest success was reaching the Austrian cup semifinal in the 1947/48 season.
Bouchain

**Bouchain** (; ) is a Nord in north France. In 2018, 3,940 people lived there.

## Other websites
* INSEE commune file
List of presidents of Italy

This is a list of presidents of Italy since the monarchy ended and Enrico de Nicola became president. 

Under the Italian Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of Italy, the President replaced the monarch as ceremonial head of state. The President was elected by the Italian Parliament and regional governments for a seven-year term. In the event of a vacancy the President of the Senate served as Acting President.

; Parties
*Traditionally, Presidents have not been members of any political party during their tenure, in order to be considered above partisan interests. The parties shown are those to which the President belonged at the time they took office.*
***1946–1993:**

***Since 1994:**

;Status

## Presidents 
## Notes
Affiliate marketing

**Affiliate marketing** is creating content that recommends specific products with a shared revenue business model. Affiliate marketing is a relationship between three key players: The Merchant or Advertiser, The Affiliate or Publisher and The Consumer or Audience. The creators place affiliate links in the content. Usually, the pay is based on the commission for the products sold. Most of the big brands are happy to use this type of marketing, directly by the company itself or through 3rd party affiliate networks. It is a very effective form of advertising. Content recipients are often more likely to buy when clicking a link in comments from their favorite creators.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Tiakola

**William Mundala** (born December 4, 1999), better known under his stage name **Tiakola** is a French rapper, member of the rap group 4Keus. After the 4Keus era helped him progress, he was able to work with some of the biggest French artists such as Niska (Mode AV and #TT, [Mélo](https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9lo_(album))), Dadju (Dieu merci, Le poison ou l'antidote), Gazo (Fleurs, [KMT](https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/KMT_(mixtape)) and Kassav, DRILL FR and La mélo est gangx, joint album) and more. He released his first Mixtape (Drill FR) on the 27th of May 2022.

## Biography 
Of Congolese origin, Tiakola was born on 4 December 1999 in Bondy and grew up in La Courneuve.

## Career 
He appears in featuring with several other rappers like Leto and Liim's.

In 2019, without leaving his group, Tiakola launched a solo career with Sombre mélodie, taken from the CRCLR Mouvement compilation. Afterwards, he was invited to collaborate with artists such as Dadju, Franglish or Gazo, then returned to his personal discography in 2021 with the hit Pousse-toi.
Daphne (singer)

**Daphne Njie Efundem** (born 20 September 1989) known professionally as **Daphne** is a Cameroonian singer. She's also best known for her own song "Rastafari".

## Biography 
Daphne was born in Buea to a Bakweri father and a Banyangi mother. She grew up in Douala, Cameroon. She has lived in Yaoundé, Buea in the Southwest Region, and even abroad.

She has always been a big fan of CeCe Winans, Mary Mary, Bébé Manga and Frank Edwards. Her modern music tastes include Tiwa Savage and Rihanna, but she says they have not influenced her own work. Technically speaking, the most important thing for her when writing a song is to find the right melody because "melodies carry emotions". Daphne's captivating voice is often compared to a fairy. She admits that she "would like to touch the hearts of people who have stopped believing in their dreams, in their lives; who only think of running away.

## References
Syndy Emade

**Elone Synthia Emade** (born 21 November, 1993) is a Cameroon actress, model and movie producer. She is the brand ambassador in Cameroon for InstaVoice Celeb. She is the owner of Blue Rain Entertainment. Movies she has produced include *A Man for the Weekend* and *Rose on The Grave*. She made her international career debut in the Nigerian film industry in 2016, in the movie “Why I Hate Sunshine”.  In 2017, she was listed second most active Cameroonian actress, according to an online movie streaming channel Njoka TV for African Entertainment. She was awarded best Cameroonian actress in Scoos Academy Award 2017. She won the 2014 edition Cameroon Miss Heritage Award.
Benjamin Šeško

**Benjamin Šeško** (born 31 May 2003) is a Slovenian professional footballer. He plays as a forward for English Premier league  club Manchester United and the Slovenia national team.

## Career
He started at his hometown club NK Radeče. He then played for Rudar Trbovlje and then returned to Radeče where he played for the under-15s and under-17s. In the 2017–18 season, he scored 59 goals in 23 matches for the under-15s. In 2018 he went to Domžale. 

2019 Sesko signed a contract with FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.  After the signing he went on loan to the farmteam FC Liefering in the Austrian Second League. For Liefering he scored in the 2020-21 season 21 goals in 29 matches, 13 of them in the last seven rounds.

He played his first match with Red Bull Salzburg in a 3–0 Austrian Football Bundesliga win over TSV Hartberg on 30 January 2021. He came in in minute 87 for Patson Daka. Shortly after the start of the 2022/23 season, it became known in August 2022 that Šeško was leaving Salzburg after the end of the season and moving to Germany to RB Leipzig. He signed a contract that ran until June 2028. For the 2025/26 season, Šeško moved to Manchester United in the Premier League.

## International career
Sesko played for Slovenia at U15, U16, U17 and U19 level. In June 2021 he debuted for the national team versus North Macrdonia. He was 18 years and 1 day old and became the youngest player of the national team.  On 8 October 2021 he scored his first goal for Slovenia in  against Malta, becoming Slovenia's youngest ever goalscorer at the age of 18 years, 4 months and 8 days.

:''Scores and results list Slovenia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each   Sesko goal.''

## Honours
* Austrian Champion: 2021, 2022, 2023
* Austrian Cup: 2021, 2022
*Slovanian Youth Player of the Year:2021

## References
Grande-Synthe

**Grande-Synthe** is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 22,777 people lived there.

## Geography 
Grande-Synthe is next to Dunkirk, about 6 km west of its center. It is located in a busy and well-connected area of Europe. The city is linked to Lille by the A25 highway, to the Channel Tunnel through Calais, and to Brussels by the A16.

Because it is close to the sea, Grande-Synthe has a mild oceanic climate. The city gave up its natural coastline to help build the deep-water port of Dunkirk, which welcomes ships from around the world.

Grande-Synthe is in French Flanders, near the Artois hills, and has many ways to travel: free highways, a high-speed train (TGV) station in nearby Dunkirk with a 1.5-hour trip to Paris, access to the Channel Tunnel, waterways, and France’s largest rail freight yard.

## Other websites
* INSEE commune file
* Official website 
* Grande-Synthe tourism website  (in French, Dutch, and English)
Fitchburg, Massachusetts

**Fitchburg** is a city in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 census, 41,916 people lived there.

## Other websites 
*
Japanese tree frog

The **Japanese tree frog**, **Japanese tree toad**, **far eastern tree frog**, or **northeast China tree frog**  (*Dryophytes japonicus*) is a frog that lives in the Japan and Korea and parts of Mongolia and China.

This frog looks very similar to *Hyla arborea*, but it has a spot under each eye.  The adult male frog is 2.6 to 4.5 cm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is fromg 2.6 to 4.1 cm long.  But the average size of the adult male frog is 3.1 cm and the average size of the adult female frog is 3.5 cm.  It has disks on its toes for climbing.

This frog becomes able to lay eggs or fertilize eggs when it is 3 or 4 years old.  It eats many kinds of insects.  It looks for food at dawn and dusk but it will also eat during the day if an insect comes near it.

## References
Hugo Broch

**Hugo Broch** (born 6 January 1922) was a German Luftwaffe ace during the Second World War. He helped win 81 victories in 324 missions, all on the Eastern Front. He was honored with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

## References
Guy Stern

**Guy Stern** (born **Günther Stern**; January 14, 1922 – December 7, 2023) was a German-American U.S. Army soldier and scholar. He was a decorated member of the secret Ritchie Boys World War II military intelligence interrogation team. He later became a scholar of literature.

Stern died on December 7, 2023 in Detroit, Michigan at the age of 101.

## Works
**Invisible Ink:  A Memoir*.  Detroit:  Wayne State University Press 2020. ISBN  9870814347591
**Fielding, Wieland, Goethe and the rise of the novel*. Frankfurt am Main u.a. 2003.
**Literarische Kultur im Exil. Gesammelte Beiträge zur Exilforschung (1989 - 1997) *. Dresden u.a. 1998.
**Literatur im Exil. Gesammelte Aufsätze 1959 – 1989*. Ismaning 1989.
*(edited with Gustave Mathieu) 
**War, Weimar and literature. The story of the Neue Merkur, 1914-1925*. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press 1971.

## References
Anglophone Crisis

The **Anglophone Crisis** (), also known as the **Ambazonia War**, or the **Cameroonian Civil War**, is an ongoing armed conflict in the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon. It is a part of the long-standing Anglophone problem. After the crackdown of the 2016–17 Cameroonian protests, Ambazonian separatists in the English-speaking Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon (formerly known as Southern Cameroons) started a guerilla warfare against Cameroonian armed forces. The later said that independence has occurred. In November 2017, the government of Cameroon declared war on the separatists. It sent its army into the regions.

## Beginning
The conflict started as a small insurgency. It spread to most parts of the area within a year. Some separatist groups are supported by Biafran separatists.
## Damages
Thousands of people have been killed in the war. More than half a million people have had to leave their homes. special status was given to the Anglophone regions. Despite this the war continued to intensify in late 2019. The 2020 Cameroonian parliamentary election cause more problems. The separatists became more assertive while Cameroon sent more forces. The COVID-19 pandemic saw one group declare a ceasefire to fight the spread of the virus. other groups and the Cameroonian government ignored this and kept fighting.
## Negotiations
There has been very few tries at negotiating. Switzerland tried in 2019 but they failed. Separatist leaders who were returned to Cameroon from Nigeria in 2018 were sent to prison for life. There was growing international pressure for an end to the conflict. In July 2020 Cameroon began talking with these imprisoned leaders. The talks were held between Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe and other imprisoned leaders and representatives of the Cameroonian government.

The situation is still taking place.

## Related pages
*List of ongoing armed conflicts

## References
Herb Douglas

**Herbert Paul Douglas Jr.** (March 9, 1922 – April 22, 2023) was an American athlete. He competed in long jump. He represented the United States at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. He won the bronze medal with a jump of . 

Douglas was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He died in Pittsburgh on April 22, 2023, at the age of 101.

## References
Robert L. Backman

**Robert LeGrand Backman** (March 22, 1922 &ndash; June 3, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1978 until his death. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He was also a member of the First Quorum of the Seventy between 1978 until 1992. From 2005 to 2008, Backman was president of the church's Jordan River Utah Temple.

Backman died in Holladay, Utah on June 3, 2022, at the age of 100.

## References
Topic (chocolate bar)

**Topic** is a chocolate bar made by Mars, Incorporated in France and sold in Europe.  It contains hazelnuts, nougat and caramel.

The bar was first introduced in 1962. In the UK, it was advertised with the line "A Hazelnut in Every Bite".

The chocolate bar was promoted in a series of radio adverts broadcast in 2002 with the strapline "A joy to eat, but a bitch to make". These adverts featured actors Simon Pegg and Mark Heap who both appeared in the cult British TV comedy *Spaced*.

The bar was removed from boxes of Celebrations in 2006, along with Twix (although Twix has subsequently been reintroduced).

## References
Valerie André

**Valérie André** (; 21 April 1922 – 21 January 2025) was a French resistance official, neurosurgeon and aviator. She was the first female member of the military to achieve the rank of General Officer, in 1976.

As a member of the military, she was not addressed as "Madame la Générale" (a term reserved for spouses of generals) but as "General".

She wrote two collections of memoirs : ''Ici, Ventilateur! Extraits d'un carnet de vol.* (Calmann-Lévy, 1954) and *Madame le général'' (Perrin, 1988).

André is one of eight women to hold the Grand-croix (Great Cross) rank in the Legion of Honour, with Germaine Tillion, Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz, Jacqueline de Romilly, Simone Rozès, Christiane Desroches Noblecourt, Yvette Farnoux and Gilberte Champion.

André died of natural causes on 21 January 2025 in Issy-les-Moulineaux, France at the age of 102.

## Foreign honors
* Legion of Merit (United States)
* National Order of Vietnam
* Cross of Valour (Canada)

## References
Marktheidenfeld

**Marktheidenfeld** () is a town in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat (but not a member) of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (municipal association) of Marktheidenfeld. The town has around 11,000 residents.

## Geography 
### Location 
The town is 24&nbsp;km west of Würzburg at the *Mainviereck* (Main Square) on the eastern side of the Spessart (range), on the line between the Spessart red sandstone area and the Muschelkalk area of the *Fränkische Platte* (a flat, mostly agricultural region), which between the Main Square and the *Maindreieck* (Main Triangle) is known as the *Marktheidenfelder Platte*.

### Subdivisions
Marktheidenfeld's *Stadtteile* are Glasofen (amalgamated in 1972), Zimmern (1974), Marienbrunn (1975), Altfeld, Michelrieth and Oberwittbach (all in 1978).

The town has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Altfeld, Glasofen, Marienbrunn, Marktheidenfeld, Michelrieth, Oberwittbach and Zimmern.

## References 
## Other websites 
* www.marktheidenfeld.de Town’s official webpage 
* 
*
Haven J. Barlow

**Haven Jesse Barlow** (January 4, 1922 &ndash; February 6, 2022) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Utah House of Representatives and Utah State Senate. He was president of the Utah Senate from 1967 to 1972. Barlow was born in Clearfield, Utah. An alumnus of Utah State University and the Harvard Business School, and veteran of World War II where he served in the US Navy, he was also the president and founder of Barlow Realty and Insurance. He was also a director of the Utah Symphony.

Barlow turned 100 in January 2022. He died one month later in Layton, Utah on February 6, 2022.

## References
Gordon Mydland

**Gordon James Mydland**  (May 12, 1922 &ndash; October 6, 2022) was an American former politician and attorney. He was the Attorney General of South Dakota between 1969 until 1973. Before, he was a member of the South Dakota Senate between 1963 until 1968.

He turned 100 in May 2022, and died on October 6, 2022, in Brookings, South Dakota.

## References
William V. McBride

**William Vincent McBride** (born May 25, 1922) is an American retired general in the United States Air Force. He was the former Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 1975 until 1978.

## References
Lake Preston, South Dakota

**Lake Preston** is a city in Kingsbury County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 589 at the 2020 census.

## References
Marilyn P. Johnson

**Marilyn Priscilla Johnson** (born June 19, 1922) is an American politician. She was the United States Ambassador to Togo from 1978 until 1981. She was nominated by President Jimmy Carter.

## References
Mordechai Bibi

**Mordechai Bibi** (, 1 July 1922 &ndash; 5 February 2023) was an Israeli politician and lawyer. He was a member of the Knesset for Ahdut HaAvoda between 1959 and 1974. He was born in Baghdad, Iraq.

## References
James D. Hughes

**James Donald "Don" Hughes** (July 7, 1922 &ndash; January 12, 2024) was an American Air Force lieutenant general. He was commander in chief, Pacific Air Forces. He was promoted to lieutenant general May 31, 1974. He retired on July 1, 1981.

Hughes turned 100 on July 7, 2022. He died on January 12, 2024 in Potomac Falls, Virginia at the age of 101.

## References
Balmville, New York

**Balmville** is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Orange County, New York, United States.

Balmville is located at  (41.527893, -74.024426).

## References
Sara Luzita

**Sara Luzita** ( **Jacobs**, 11 August 1922 – 14 February 2025) is a British dancer. She focuses in ballet and Spanish dancing. She performed with the Rambert Dance Company. She appeared in *Moulin Rouge* and *Oh... Rosalinda!!*.
In 1954, she married Tutte Lemkow. They had two daughters, Rachel and Rebecca.

Luzita turned 100 in August 2022, and died on 14 February 2025, at the age of 102.
## References
## Other websites
*
John S. Foster Jr.

**John Stuart Foster Jr.** (September 18, 1922 &ndash; April 25, 2025) was an American physicist and politician. He is best known as the fourth director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He also was Director of the Defense Research and Engineering. He worked during the Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon presidencies. Foster was born in New Haven, Connecticut.

Foster Jr. died on April 25, 2025 in Goleta, California at the age of 102.

## References
Eddie Basinski

**Edwin Frank Basinski** (November 4, 1922  January 8, 2022) was an American former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates. His career lasted between 1944 until 1947.
He died in Gladstone on January 8, 2022, at the age of 99.

## References
## Other websites
*Eddie Basinski at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
*Eddie Basinski at Baseball Almanac
*Eddie Basinski at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)
*Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame
Angel Wagenstein

**Angel Raymond Wagenstein** () (born 17 October 1922-died June 29, 2023) is a Bulgarian screenwriter and author. Wagenstein was born in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. His movie *Stars* won best movie at the 1959 Cannes Film Festival. In 1980, he was a member of the jury at the 30th Berlin International Film Festival.

## References
## Other websites
* IMDb entry
* *Angel Wagenstein: Art Is a Weapon* at IMDb
* Brief Biography
* Brief Biography
* Film credits
Mittelsinn

**Mittelsinn** is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Burgsinn.

## Geography 
### Location 
Mittelsinn is in the Würzburg Region.
 
The community has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Mittelsinn, Forst Aura.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Mittelsinn in the Administrative Community’s Web pages
Neuhütten

**Neuhütten** is a community in Main-Spessart in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (municipal association) of Partenstein. It has a population of around 1,100.

## Geography 
### Location 
Neuhütten is in Main-Spessart in the Würzburg region. I is in the *Mittelgebirge* Spessart. The municipal territory mostly is in the valley of  a tributary of the Lohrbach but extends into the valley of the Lohrbach river itself, which passes to the north. The highest elevation of the municipality is to the southeast, on the slopes of Hengstkopf.

## Subdivision
The community has two *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral area): Neuhütten and Forst Lohrer Strasse. The former contains the *Ortsteil* Neuhütten (Dorf). The latter consists of three exclaves: Bischborner Hof, Lohrerstrasse and Birkig. These lie on the Bundesstrasse 26 and are surrounded by the unincorporated area Forst Lohrerstrasse.

## Neighbouring communities
The municipal territory borders on (from the north, clockwise): Wiesthal, Partensteiner Forst, Forst Lohrerstrasse, Rothenbucher Forst, Forst Hain im Spessart (all four wooded unincorporated areas), Heigenbrücken and Heinrichsthaler Forst (another wooded unincorporated area).

## References 
## Other websites
Partenstein

**Partenstein** is a community in the Main-Spessart district in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Partenstein. Partenstein is on *Bundesstraße* 276.

## Geography 
### Location 
Partenstein is in the Main Spessart Region in the middle of the Spessart (range) on the left edge of the river Lohr, some 7&nbsp;km northwest of the town of Lohr am Main.

The community has the following *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral areas): Partenstein, Partensteiner Forst.

## Further reading 
*Dommerich, *Urkundliche Geschichte der allmählichen Vergrößerung der Grafschaft Hanau von der Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts bis zum Aussterben des Hauses 1736* , in: Mitteilungen der Hanauer Bezirksverwaltung 1/2 (1860), pp.&nbsp;114f, 128, 195.
*Engelhard, Regenerus, *Erdbeschreibung der Hessischen Lande Casselischen Antheiles mit Anmerkungen aus der Geschichte und aus Urkunden erläutert* , Part 2, Cassel 1778, ND 2004, p.&nbsp;791
*Haase, Franziska, Ulrich I., *Herr von Hanau 1281-1306* , masch. Diss. Münster 1924, p.&nbsp;11, 19.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Community’s official webpage 
* *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Partenstein 
* Partenstein Historical Workshop
Rechtenbach

**Rechtenbach** is a community in the Main-Spessart district in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (municipal association) of Lohr am Main. It has a population of around 1,000.

## Geography 
### Location 
Rechtenbach is in the Würzburg Region in the Spessart (range) west of Lohr am Main. The village is in the valley of the , a tributary of the Main. It is surrounded by forest.

### Subdivision
The community has two *Gemarkungen* (traditional rural cadastral area): Rechtenbach and (since January 2014) Rothenberg. The latter was an unincorporated area until 2013.

Until the merger with Rothenberg, the municipal territory was not continuous as it included the village and the separate *Weickertshöhe* or *Weickertswiese*, a meadow is on a nearby hill at an altitude of around 500 m. In between the two used to be forest that was part of Rothenberg.

### Neighbouring communities
The municipal territory touches only on the community of Lohr. It also borders on two unincorporated areas,  and .

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Retzstadt

**Retzstadt** is a community in the Main-Spessart district in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the *Verwaltungsgemeinschaft* (Administrative Community) of Zellingen.

## Geography 
### Location 
Retzstadt is in the Main-Spessart district in a side-valley of the Main, on the river Retz.
 
The community has only the *Gemarkung* (traditional rural cadastral area) of Retzstadt.

## References
Rieneck

**Rieneck** () is a town in the Main-Spessart district in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia (*Unterfranken*) in Bavaria, Germany.

## Geography 
### Location 
Rieneck is in the Würzburg region between the southern foothills of the Rhön (range) and the east side of the Spessart (range) on the lower reaches of the River Sinn, 12&nbsp;km northeast of Lohr am Main, and 39&nbsp;km northwest of Würzburg. Administratively, it belongs to the Main-Spessart district in the *Regierungsbezirk* of Lower Franconia.

There are 140&nbsp;ha of cropfields, meadows and woodland around the village.

### Subdivisions 
The town has only the *Gemarkung* (traditional rural cadastral area) of Rieneck.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Rieneck tourism site
* Rieneck Castle
*