Neil Armstrong

**Neil Alden Armstrong** (August 5, 1930 – August 25, 2012) was an American astronaut, and engineer, and is known as the first person to walk on the moon. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon in a small spacecraft that had been sent to the moon using the Saturn V rocket. The mission was called Apollo 11. They both walked on the moon, and millions of people watched and heard this event on live television.

He earned a BSc degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the Purdue University and a MSc degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California. In 1970 he received an Honorary Doctorate of Engineering from the Purdue University. In 1971 he became professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati. He joined the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, then known as the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, serving as a civilian test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, Lancaster, Calif.

In 2005, he received the Honorary Doctorate of letters from the University of Southern California. The *Houston Chronicle* newspaper reported on October 1, 2006, that Australian computer programmer Peter Shann Ford found the missing "a" from Armstrong's famous first words on the Moon. Ford reported that he downloaded the audio recording from a NASA web site and analyzed it using editing software originally intended for use with hearing disabled people. Armstrong is said to have been pleased with Ford's finding of the missing "a".

## Career
Prior to being an astronaut, Armstrong was called to Pensacola Naval Air Station in Florida in 1949 before he could complete his degree. There he earned his pilots wings at 20 years of age, making him the youngest flyer in his squadron. While studying for his aeronautical engineering degree, the Korean War broke out in 1950, in which he flew 78 combat missions. His plane was shot down once and he was also awarded 3 Air Medals. Later, he became a skillful test pilot, flying right to the atmosphere’s edge,  at , in the experimental rocket powered aircraft the X-15. Armstrong went on his first mission into space on the 16th of March 1966, in the spacecraft Gemini 8, as the command pilot. He docked the Gemini 8 successfully with an Agena target craft that was in orbit already. Although the docking was smooth enough, while the spacecrafts orbited together, they started to roll and pitch. Armstrong then managed to undock the Gemini, and regained control of the spacecraft by using the retro rockets. However, this resulted in the astronauts having to make an emergency landing into the Pacific Ocean. Following the fatal explosion of the space shuttle *Challenger* in January 1986, Armstrong was appointed deputy chief of the presidential commission set up to investigate the disaster.

## Moon landing
His most famous quote is: '''''"That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind. "'''''

He spoke those words when he set his foot on the moon. He wanted to say "That's one small step for *a* man…", but for some reason the "a" was never spoken. Armstrong thought he had said it. Listening to the audio shows that the "for" runs on smoothly, giving no time for "a" to be spoken. Armstrong preferred written quotations to include the "a" in parentheses.

## Personal life
Armstrong married Janet Shearon from 1956. They had three children: Mark, Eric, and Karen. They divorced in 1994, and Armstrong married Carol Held Knight the same year; they remained married until Armstrong's death in 2012.

Some years after returning from the Moon, he visited the 2,000 year-old King Herod's Temple Mount in the city of Jerusalem. While he was there, Neil Armstrong said it was more exciting to step on the stone steps where Jesus Christ walked than even stepping on the Moon.  

His biography describes him as a deist.

## Death
Armstrong died on the morning of August 25, 2012 from complications of a blocked coronary artery after surgery in a hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was 82 years old. In July 2019, *The New York Times* reported that Armstong died from complications following a cardiac surgery. The removal of wires connected to his temporary pacemaker resulted in internal bleeding, causing a drop in blood pressure. The doctors were unable to perform surgery in time to save him.

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