open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Territory (animal)

In ethology, **territory** is the place or area that an animal or group of animals will fight other animals to keep. Sometimes they fight animals in their same species, and sometimes they fight other animals. Animals that defend territories in this way are referred to as **territorial**.

Most animals are not territorial. Most of the time, a group of animals has an area that they use but do not necessarily defend or fight over. This is called their home range. The home ranges of different groups of animals often overlap, and in the overlap areas, the groups tend to avoid each other. 

An animal might want territory because it is a good place to find food, a good place to find mates, or a good place to raise young. For example, male frogs sometimes fight each other for good places to call to female frogs. These places could be near food or could be near good places where the females would want to lay eggs. Some animals are territorial all year. Other animals are only territorial sometimes. For example, male elephant seals fight each other for good stretches of beach where they can mate with females.

Animals do not always fight to make other animals go away. Sometimes, they only tell the other animal that they can fight. The territorial animal might make a noise, dance, or wave its body parts around to show that it is big and strong and would win a fight. They do this to make the other animal give up and go away. Other times, animals put chemicals in the air or on things in their territory. Big cats scratch trees to get scent from their front feet on the bark. Dogs and cats put urine. Hyenas put chemicals from their anal glands on sticks and bushes.

Many animals make sounds to advertise their territory. These are short-term signals given only when the animal is present. The sound can travel long distances and through various habitats. Examples include birds, frogs, and canids.

## References
Hypergamy

**Hypergamy** is the practice of dating or marrying someone of a higher social status than oneself. Hypergamy is usually associated with women. Some sociologists believe that harems formerly existed because of female hypergamy. Some analysts also believe that people have twice as many female ancestors as male ancestors because of female hypergamy.

For the better part of human history, women simply didn’t have the option, access, or legal rights in many places in the world to have agency over their own welfare and to create financial independence. So, they relied on a 'good marriage' to secure their (and their children’s) overall prosperity and prospects.

While many Western societies have progressed to promote gender equality in the past century—attempting to creating equal career, educational, and financial opportunities for women—there's still a large gender pay gap. For example, in the United States, women are paid roughly 82 cents for every dollar a man makes for the same job, and the disparity is even greater for women of color, according to the American Association of University Women.

## References
S.L. Benfica B

**Sport Lisboa e Benfica "B"**, commonly known as **Benfica B**, is a Portuguese football club based in Seixal. It is the reserve team of S.L. Benfica. 
## Players
### Current squad
### Out on loan
### Other players under contract
## Coaching staff
## Records and statistics
### Season-to-season record
### Managerial statistics
*As of match played 24 October 2020. Only competitive matches are counted, including those in the Premier League International Cup.*

## Honours
***Terceira Divisão**
: **Winners:** 2004–05

## References
## Other websites
* S.L. Benfica B  at LPFP
FIFA Puskás Award

The **FIFA Puskás Award**  is an association football award that is organized by the *Fédération Internationale de Football Association* (FIFA). The award was created in 2009, in order to award the male or female judged to have scored the most aesthetically significant, or "most beautiful", goal of a year. The Puskás award is announced yearly and is decided by voting.

The award is named after former Real Madrid striker Ferenc Puskás. Puskás played during the 1950s and 1960s, and was part of the Hungarian "golden team".

The voting was done by fans of the sport until 2018 on FIFA's official website. This was changed after a controversy with the 2018 edition of the award, and is now decided by pundits selected by FIFA.

## Award criteria
*It should be an "absolutely beautiful goal" (subjective, but decided by voting and judgement from experts &nbsp;— the spread of goals should include long-range shots, team goals, rabona, overhead kicks, individual plays, scorpion kicks, etc.).
* It should be awarded "without distinction of championship, gender or nationality".
* It should not be the result of luck, mistakes, deflection by another player or the player in an offside position.
* It should support fair play, i.e. the player should not have behaved badly in the game or have been charged with doping, for example.
*  The player cannot be nominated with two different goals.

## Winners
## Awards won by nationality 
## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*
You, the Living

***You, the Living*** is a 2007 Swedish drama movie directed by Roy Andersson and starring Elisabet Helander, Leif Larsson, Björn Englund, Ollie Olson, Jessika Lundberg.

## Other websites
* 
*
Jesus piece

**Jesus piece** or **Jesus Piece** may refer to:

*Jesus piece (jewelry), a type of jewelry depicting the face of Jesus
*Jesus Piece (album), a 2012 album by hip-hop artist The Game
*Jesus Piece (band), a hardcore/metal band from Philadelphia.
Margaret Mead

**Margaret Mead** (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist. She was an author and speaker in the mass media in the 1960s and 1970s. She was President of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences in 1975.

Mead was a communicator of anthropology in modern American and Western culture. As an academic, she was often controversial. Her reports about attitudes toward sex in the South Pacific and Southeast Asian culture traditions influenced the 1960s sexual revolution.

Mead was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died from pancreatic cancer in New York City.

## Publications by Mead
Note: See also *Margaret Mead: The Complete Bibliography 1925–1975*, Joan Gordan, ed., The Hague: Mouton.

### As a sole author
**Coming of Age in Samoa* (1928)
**Growing Up In New Guinea* (1930)
**The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe* (1932)
**Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies* (1935)
**And Keep Your Powder Dry: An Anthropologist Looks at America* (1942)
**Male and Female* (1949)
**New Lives for Old: Cultural Transformation in Manus, 1928–1953* (1956)
**People and Places* (1959; a book for young readers)
**Continuities in Cultural Evolution* (1964)
**Culture and Commitment* (1970)
**The Mountain Arapesh: Stream of events in Alitoa* (1971)
**Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years* (1972; autobiography)

### As editor or coauthor
**Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis*, with Gregory Bateson, 1942, New York Academy of Sciences.
* *Soviet Attitudes Toward Authority* (1951)
**Cultural Patterns and Technical Change*, editor (1953)
**Primitive Heritage: An Anthropological Anthology*, edited with Nicholas Calas (1953)
**An Anthropologist at Work*, editor (1959, reprinted 1966; a volume of Ruth Benedict's writings)
**The Study of Culture at a Distance*, edited with Rhoda Metraux, 1953
**Themes in French Culture*, with Rhoda Metraux, 1954
**The Wagon and the Star: A Study of American Community Initiative* co-authored with Muriel Whitbeck Brown, 1966
**A Rap on Race*, with James Baldwin, 1971
**A Way of Seeing*, with Rhoda Metraux, 1975

## References
One Night of Love

***One Night of Love*** is a 1934 American romantic musical movie directed by Victor Schertzinger and was adapted from the novel ''Don't Fall in Love''. It stars Grace Moore, Lyle Talbot, Tullio Carminati, Mona Barrie, Jessie Ralph and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 6 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1935.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Beloved (1934 movie)

***Beloved*** is a 1934 American drama movie directed by Victor Schertzinger and starring John Boles, Gloria Stuart, Morgan Farley, Ruth Hall, Albert Conti, Dorothy Peterson, Edmund Breese, Louise Carter, Walter Brennan, Oscar Apfel, Mickey Rooney, Richard Carle. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Wawa, Ontario

**Wawa** is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Algoma District and associated with Wawa Lake. Previously known as the township of Michipicoten, after a nearby river of that name, the township was officially renamed in 2007 for its largest community of Wawa.

This area was first made for fur trading. In the late 19th century, both gold and iron ore were found and mined, leading to the region's rise as the steel industry developed in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. From 1900 to 1918 the Helen Mine had the highest production of iron ore of any mine in Canada.

The township includes the smaller communities of Michipicoten and Michipicoten River, which are small port settlements on the shore of Lake Superior. These names are from the Ojibwe term for the river.

## Demographics 
Population trend: In 2016, Councillor Tamara Liddle and her husband, Gerry Liddle were investigated and it was revealed that both Gerry Liddle and Councillor Tamara Liddle harassed CAO Chris Wray to try and get a personal benefit to avoid paying taxes. Both were punished by town council. After the 2018 elections, Ron Rody was victorious as mayor and the following councillors were elected: Bill Chiasson, Mitch Hatfield, Robert Reece, and Pat Tait.

## Tourist attractions and notable events 
The community is known for its 8.5-metre (28-foot) metal statue of a Canada goose, which was built in 1960, and was dedicated to the community in 1961. Wawa takes its name from the Ojibwe word for "wild goose", *wewe*. Wawa was called wild goose in *The Song of Hiawatha.* On July 5, 2010, the Canada Post made a commemorative stamp of the Wawa Goose as part of its Roadside Attractions collection. On July 1, 2017, a new Wawa Goose was made to replace the second aging goose.

The town is also known for snowmobiling and sport fishing. The Voyageur Hiking Trail passes through the town. One important shopping location is Young's General Store, home of the locally famous Pickle Barrel.

## References
Greg Burdine

**Greg Burdine** (May 1, 1959 – December 13, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives, representing the 1st District from 2010 to 2014. Burdine was a member of the Democratic Party. Burdine was born in Florence, Alabama.

Burdine died on December 13, 2020, in Florence, Alabama at age 61.

## References
Collie

]]
]]
]]
**Collies** form a type of herding dogs, including many similar landraces and standardized breeds. The type began in Scotland and Northern England.  Collies are usually medium-sized, fairly lightly-built dogs, with pointed noses.  Many breeds have a white color over the shoulders.  Collies are very active, and most types of collies are excellent at herding.  Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America), and have then made many varieties, sometimes mixed with other dog types (cross breeding, for example, the Borador).  Some collie breeds are still used as working dogs for herding cattle, sheep, and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability. While the American Kennel Club has a breed they call "collie", in fact *collie dogs* are a type of herding dog including many related landraces and formal breeds. There are usually major differences between show dogs and those bred for herding trials or dog sports: the herding dogs show good agility, stamina and trainability and behaviour.

Common use of the name "collie" in some areas is limited to certain breeds — the name means Rough Collie in parts of the United States, and Border Collie in many parts of Great Britain.  Most collie dog types do not actually include "collie" in their name (see Welsh Sheepdog at right).
Juan Pérez-Giménez

**Juan Manuel Pérez-Giménez** (March 28, 1941 – December 10, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Judge on the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico from 1979 until his death. He was chief judge of the court from 1984 to 1991. Pérez-Giménez was nominated to the court by President Jimmy Carter. He was born in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.

Pérez-Giménez died on December 10, 2020 in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico at the age of 79.

## References
Frank Christopherson Jr.

**Frank W. Christopherson Jr.** (May 24, 1927 – December 15, 2020) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate from 1963 to 1967. He also was in the Wisconsin Assembly from 1959 to 1963. Christopherson Jr. was born in Superior, Wisconsin.

Christopherson Jr. died on December 15, 2020 in Duluth, Minnesota at the age of 93.

## References
Jeff Clayton

**Jeff Clayton** (February 16, 1954 – December 17, 2020) was an American jazz alto saxophonist and flautist. He was born in Los Angeles. He recorded with Gladys Knight, Kenny Rogers, Michael Jackson, Patti Labelle, and Madonna. Clayton founded The Clayton Brothers in 1977, and later formed the Clayton-Hamilton Jazz Orchestra with Jeff Hamilton.

Clayton died on December 17, 2020 from kidney cancer-related problems in Los Angeles at the age of 66.

## References
Hybristophilia

**Hybristophilia** or **scelerophilia** is a paraphilia where someone is romantically attracted to mean people or delinquents. Literature about hybristophilia or scelerophilia is in general use used to describe female attraction to bad boys or to obnoxious guys.

## References
Mekere Morauta

**Sir Mekere Morauta**, KCMG (12 June 1946 – 19 December 2020) was a Papua New Guinean politician and economist. He was the 7th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 1999 to 2002. Morauta was born in Kukipi, Territory of Papua. Morauta was a member of the People's Democratic Movement.

Morauta died on 19 December 2020 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He was 74.

## Related pages
*List of scientists from Oceania

## References
Segundo Galicia Sánchez

**Segundo Galicia Sánchez** (August 11, 1938 – December 14, 2020) was a Peruvian professor and sociologist. He was born in Virú, Peru. He was a full-time professor and researcher, "C" holder of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, (UAS), Mexico. He also was a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. 

Galicia Sánchez died on December 14, 2020 in Mazatlán, Mexico at the age of 82.

## References
Michael F. Land

**Michael Francis Land** FRS (12 April 1942 &ndash; 14 December 2020) was a British neurobiologist. He was a professor of neurobiology in the vision laboratory at the Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, University of Sussex, England. He was known for his visual information of the retinas of mosquitoes.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1998.

Land died on 14 December 2020 at the age of 78.

## References
Han Grijzenhout

**Han Grijzenhout** (22 December 1932 – 18 December 2020) was a Dutch football manager. He was born in Amsterdam. He managed Cercle Brugge K.S.V. from 1972 to 1977, 1982 to 1983 and 1988 to 1991. He also managed K.A.A. Gent from 1980 to 1981 and from 1984 to 1987.

Grijzenhout died on 18 December 2020 in Ghent, Belgium, aged 87.

## References
Peter Lamont

**Peter Curtis Lamont** (12 November 1929 – 18 December 2020) was a British set decorator, art director, and production designer. He was known for working on many James Bond movies from *Goldfinger* (1964) to *Casino Royale* (2006). He also was the production designer for *Titanic* (1997), winning him an Academy Award.

Lamont died on 18 December 2020 at the age of 91.

## References
Michał Marusik

**Michał Marusik** (26 September 1951 — 18 December 2020) was a Polish politician. He was leader of the Congress of the New Right (KNP) from 2015 to 2017. He was a Member of the European Parliament representing Warsaw from 2014 to 2019. Marusik was born in Skrzynki, Poland.

Marusik died on 18 December 2020 in Warsaw at the age of 69.

## References
Welsh Sheepdog

The **Welsh Sheepdog** (, ) is a herding dog breed from Wales. Some people incorrectly call a Welsh Sheepdog a Welsh Collie - usually 'Welsh Collie' is used for a cross between a Welsh Sheepdog and a Border Collie, which is often a milder dog and easier to manage than the pure breed.

Like other types of working dog, Welsh Sheepdogs are normally bred for their herding abilities rather than appearance, and so they are different in build, colour and size.  Welsh Sheepdogs are the collie type, usually black-and-white, red-and-white or tricolour, and merle markings may occur over any of these combinations.  The coat may be short or fairly long, and the ears are pricked, but usually folded at the tip.  They are longer in leg, broader in chest and wider in muzzle than the Border Collie. They are extremely active and intelligent, and therefore need much exercise and mental stimulation, if they are to be kept as pets.

Over many decades the Welsh Sheepdog has mostly been replaced for working sheep in Wales by the Border Collie, a standardised breed. However, in more recent years, efforts have been made to keep the Welsh Sheepdog as a variety.

Welsh Sheepdogs are usually *loose-eyed*, not scaring the stock with their eyes like the '''' Border Collie.  They are able to work freely without being under human control.  Welsh Sheepdogs are most often used for herding sheep, but also work cattle, goats, and even horses and pigs.  They were often in the past used as a droving dog to take cattle and sheep to markets in Britain.

## Health 
The Welsh Sheepdog is generally healthy, but can be infected by things most other herding breeds are infected by, such as:

• Atopic Dermatitis, which seems to be more common indoors for this breed. It causes irritation to the dog's skin.

• Collie Eye Anomaly, which is very common with collie breeds. It causes sight loss.

• Epilepsy, a brain disorder which causes seizures.

• Hip dysplasia, which makes the hip go weak. Mostly in growing dogs.

• Diabetes, which is not listed for the dog breed being more likely to get, but there are increasing numbers of this. It causes weight loss, and makes the dog urinate more.

## Food levels 
The Welsh Sheepdog needs about three cups of dry food each day, which costs between $1.20 and $1.40. The monthly cost of this is about $35, but this can go to $45.

## References
Jerry Relph

**Jerry Relph** (September 4, 1944 − December 18, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Relph was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Relph was a member of the Minnesota Senate from 2017 until his death.

Relph died on December 18, 2020 in St. Cloud, Minnesota from COVID-19 at the age of 76.

## References
Ray Rogers (politician)

**Nolan Ray Rogers** (July 3, 1931 &ndash; December 18, 2020) was an American Republican politician and businessman. He was born in Pearl, Mississippi. Rogers was a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1984 until 2020.

Rogers died on December 18, 2020 at the age of 89.

## References
Pearl, Mississippi

**Pearl** is a city in Rankin County, Mississippi. The population was 27,115 at the 2020 census.

## References
Tim Severin

**Tim Severin** (25 September 1940 &ndash; 18 December 2020) was a British explorer, historian and writer. Severin was awarded both the Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society and the Livingstone Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society. He received the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award for his 1982 book *The Sindbad Voyage*.

Severin died on 18 December 2020 in Cork, Ireland at the age of 80.

## References
Valentin Shurchanov

**Valentin Sergeevich Shurchanov** (19 April 1947 &ndash; 18 December 2020) was a Russian politician and journalist. He was born in Kanashsky District, Soviet Union. From 1999 to 2003 and again from 2007 until his death, Shurchanov was a member of the State Duma. He was a member of the Communist Party.

Shurchanov died on 18 December 2020 from COVID-19 in Moscow, aged 73.

## References
Yazid Zerhouni

**Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni** () (5 September 1937 – 18 December 2020) was a Tunisian-born Algerian politician. Zerhouni was the Minister of the Interior from 1999 to 2010 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2010 to 2012. He was born in Tunis.

Zerhouni died in Algiers on 18 December 2020 at the age of 83.

## References
Ralph K. Winter Jr.

**Ralph Karl Winter Jr.** (July 30, 1935 – December 8, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was born in Waterbury, Connecticut. He was known as a conservative judge. Winter was the judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1981 until his death. He was nominated to the court by President Ronald Reagan.

Winter Jr. died on December 8, 2020 in North Haven, Connecticut from esophageal cancer, aged 85.

## References
Xavier Espot Zamora

**Xavier Espot Zamora** (born 30 October 1979) is an Andorran politician. He is the Prime Minister of Andorra since 16 May 2019.

## References
Joseph Kyeong Kap-ryong

**Joseph Kyeong Kap-ryong** (11 March 1930 &ndash; 16 December 2020) was a South Korean Roman Catholic bishop. Kyeong Kap-ryong was born in Seoul, South Korea. He became a priest in 1962. He was titular bishop of *Buffada* and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seoul from 1977 to 1984 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Daejeon, South Korea, from 1984 to 2005.

Kyeong Kap-ryong died on 16 December 2020 in Daejeon, South Korea at the age of 90.

## References
Andean mountain cat

The **Andean cat**, **Andean highland cat** or **Andean mountain cat** (*Leopardus jacobita*) is a small wild cat that lives in the Andes mountain range. They live in Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina and northern Chile.

## References
Peter Yariyok Jatau

**Peter Yariyok Jatau** (5 August 1931 – 16 December 2020) was a Nigerian Roman Catholic archbishop. Jatau was born in Lagos, Nigeria. He became a priest in 1963. He was coadjutor archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna, Nigeria, from 1972 to 1975 and as archbishop of the archdiocese from 1975 to 2007.

Jatau died on 16 December 2020 at the age of 89.

## References
Chechen Americans

**Chechen Americans** are Americans of Chechen descent. Chechen people have origins from Chechnya, a federal subject of Russia.

## References
Sami Americans

**Sami Americans** are Americans of Sámi descent, who originate from Sapmi, the northern regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia.   *Lapp Americans* is sometimes used, but *lapp* is considered derogatory by the Sami.  It has been estimated that there are 30,000 people who are of Sami ancestry living in the United States.

## References
Bram van der Vlugt

**Bram van der Vlugt** (28 May 1934 – 19 December 2020) was a Dutch actor. He was born in The Hague. He was known for playing the role of Sinterklaas. He also starred in *Pastorale 1943*, *Tropic of Emerald* and in *Family*.

Van der Vlugt died on 19 December 2020 from COVID-19 in Utrecht, Netherlands at the age of 86.

## References
Eltham

(green), in the Eltham constituency (yellow) within the Royal Borough of Greenwich (light grey)]]

**Eltham** is a district in the south of London in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The London Plan says Eltham is one of 35 major centres in Greater London. As a residential area (a suburb), the main features, apart from the housing, are the schools and the shops.

It was once an elite area with a palace (Eltham Palace) that dates back to the 13th century. It is now the biggest shopping area in S.E. London. 

The Palace was made over in the 1930s. Stephen Courtauld had it made up in art deco style. The Courtauld family was immensely rich at the time. The Palace still has a few parts which date back in time to its former royal use. It is now owned by English Heritage.

The three wards of Eltham North, South and West have a total population of 35,459. 

Eltham College is a public school (independent fee-paying school) in Mottingham, southeast London. Eltham and Mottingham were part of the same parish.

Secondary schools in Eltham include Eltham Hill School for Girls, Harris Academy Greenwich, St Thomas More Catholic School and Stationers' Crown Woods Academy (built upon the land of King Henry VIII's hunting grounds).

A campus of the University of Greenwich is in Avery Hill Park, on the borders of Eltham and New Eltham .

Eltham used to be a village and has shops like TK Maxx. The river Quaggy is in Eltham and is 17KM long. Eltham is in the royal borough of Greenwich. There  is  a graveyard.  Haimo primary is in Eltham. There is a Lidl and Poundland. Tesco is next to Eltham . There are lots of houses.  Eltham palace dates back to the Tudor times. The design was inspired by Christopher Wren. There is a swimming pool near the library. A McDonalds here they do hamburgers. 

## References
Manosphere

The **manosphere** is a loose group of blogs and forums reportedly promoting misogyny, masculinity and antifeminism.

## Overview
Groups related to the manosphere include men's rights activists (MRA), Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOW), and pick-up artists (PUA). Support for these ideas is referred to as "taking the red pill", a metaphor derived from the 1999 film *The Matrix*. Some women also made false accusations of rape over interpersonal conflict to take revenge on others, though the rate of occurrence is low.

* High rates of loneliness, depression and suicide among men
* Drop in traditionally "manly" jobs from changes in global economy
* Gains in gender equality that came with changes in traditional gender roles

In McCullough's view, the manosphere "blames them all on women". where "people with power and privilege see improvements in equality and inclusiveness as a loss of status and thus a personal attack on themselves", However, many believe that those criticizing the incel or MGTOW movement ignore the cause and effect of their existence. a British counter-extremism programme, were *incels* in the year ending March 2021. Among the small percentage of the referred, a small number of them were seen as potential terrorists, many of whom were neurodivergent,

## References
2020 United States Senate elections

Elections happened on November 3, 2020 to elect 33 class 2 members to the United States Senate. The winners were elected into a six-year term from January 3, 2021, to January 3, 2027. Two special senate elections were also held on the same day: one in Arizona after John McCain died and one in Georgia after Johnny Isakson resigned. In Arizona, a Democrat won where there was a Republican before. In Georgia, two Democratic senators won against the Republican senators, changing the state to Democrat and changing the power of the senate from Republican to Democrat.

## List of elections
### Regular elections
*2020 United States Senate election in Alabama
*2020 United States Senate election in Alaska
*2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas
*2020 United States Senate election in Colorado
*2020 United States Senate election in Delaware
*2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia
*2020 United States Senate election in Idaho
*2020 United States Senate election in Illinois
*2020 United States Senate election in Iowa
*2020 United States Senate election in Kansas
*2020 United States Senate election in Kentucky
*2020 United States Senate election in Louisiana
*2020 United States Senate election in Maine
*2020 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
*2020 United States Senate election in Michigan
*2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota
*2020 United States Senate election in Mississippi
*2020 United States Senate election in Montana
*2020 United States Senate election in Nebraska
*2020 United States Senate election in New Hampshire
*2020 United States Senate election in New Jersey
*2020 United States Senate election in New Mexico
*2020 United States Senate election in North Carolina
*2020 United States Senate election in Oklahoma
*2020 United States Senate election in Oregon
*2020 United States Senate election in Rhode Island
*2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina
*2020 United States Senate election in South Dakota
*2020 United States Senate election in Tennessee
*2020 United States Senate election in Texas
*2020 United States Senate election in Virginia
*2020 United States Senate election in West Virginia
*2020 United States Senate election in Wyoming

### Special elections
*2020 United States Senate special election in Arizona
*2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia

## Notes
## References
Polydipsia

**Polydipsia** is excessive thirst or excess drinking. The word derives from the Greek πολυδίψιος (*poludípsios*) "very thirsty", which is gotten from πολύς (*polús*, "much, many") + δίψα (*dípsa*, "thirst"). Polydipsia is a symptom in many diseases. It also occurs as an abnormal behaviour in some animals, such as in birds.

## Causes 
### Diabetes 
Polydipsia can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus. It is seen in cases of poorly controlled diabetes. Diabetes insipidus can also cause polydipsia.

### Other physiological causes 
It can also be caused by a change in the osmolality of the extracellular fluids of the body, hypokalemia, decreased blood volume, and other conditions that create water deficiency.

## Diagnosis 
Polydipsia is a symptom and not a disease in itself. Polydipsia investigations at diagnosing diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus can be useful.

## References
The Winter of Our Monetized Content

"**The Winter of Our Monetized Content**" is the first episode and season premiere of the thirty-first season of the American animated sitcom ***The Simpsons***, and the 663rd episode overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on September 29, 2019. The director of the episode was Bob Anderson, and the writer was Ryan Koh. 

The episode was dedicated to *Rick and Morty* and former Simpsons producer J. Michael Mendel who died of natural causes on September 24, 2019, five days before the season premiere.

## References
Turkish Americans

**Turkish Americans** or **American Turks** are Americans who come from families with ethnic Turkish backgrounds, including Romanlar.

## References
## Other websites 
*
500 Keys

"**500 Keys**" is the 21st episode of the 22nd season of *The Simpsons*. It was first shown on the Fox network on May 15, 2011. It was written by John Frink. Bob Anderson is the  of the episode. The episode is about the Simpson family finding many  keys.

## References
Aahat

***Aahat*** is an Indian horror television series created by B. P. Singh for Sony Entertainment Television. The series began on 5 October 1995. One of the episodes of the first season, **Abhinetri**, telecasted in 1998, generated a very high TRP for the show. The episodes of first, second and fifth seasons were half-hourly, while episodes of third, fourth and sixth seasons were one-hourly. The sixth season was premiered on 18 February 2015, featuring Shakti Anand and ended on 4 August 2015.

## Plot
The first season was mostly a crime genre with infrequent episodes on the supernatural. After the first season, each story focused on a different aspect of paranomal activity, such as ghosts, zombies, phantoms, undead persons, possessed objects and witches and wizards.

## Series overview

### Season 1 (1995–2001)
*Aahat* was first shot in 1994 as a suspense thriller, and began broadcast on 5 October 1995, each story being divided across two episodes. The season aired on Thursday nights, later changing it to every Friday nights. 

### Season 2 (2004–2005)
Due to the popularity of the first season, Sony TV decided to bring back the series in its second season. The second season aired on Friday nights. The episode format was same as of the first season. This time the season failed to gain TRP ratings.

The third season was titled as *Aahat: Dahshat Ki Teesri Dastak* (English: *An approaching sound: The Third Coming of Horror*). The season aired on Saturday nights, each story being shown in a single episode. This time too the season didn't manage to gain TRP ratings and the season was shut down soon.

### Season 6 (2015)
The first episode of the sixth season premiered on 18 February 2015.

## Reception
### Critical response
The first five seasons of the series received positive response but response for the sixth season was quite mixed. Vineeta Kumar of *India TV* stated, "As against everybody's expectations, *Aahat* (season 6) doesn't seem that impressive."

Sweta Kaushal of *Hindustan Times*  stated, "The new episode of *Aahat* (season 6) does not scare at all and lives up to all the comic cliches that Indian horror shows have been following till date. At best, it is hilarious."

### Ratings
Vineeta Kumar of *India TV* gave the sixth season 2/5 stars, and further stated, "For all those who would be expecting grand with the elements of horror and spook in it, *Aahat* has come with a slight disappointment." while Himanshu, Yogen and Kamal were nominated for the same category of the same award in 2005 and 2012, however, winning in 2011.

## References
Christopher Corey Smith

**Christopher Corey Smith** (born July 17, 1962) is an American voice actor who voices in animated shows and video games.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth

**Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth** (c. 1200 – 1 March 1244) was the son of Llywelyn the Great, he was illegitimate, however in Welsh law he was allowed to become Prince, however Llywelyn wanted Dafydd ap Llywelyn to become the next prince, he died in 1244 whilst attempting to escape the Tower of London, after being imprisoned by King John as a hostage.

## Birth 
He was probably born around the year 1200, his father Llywelyn the Great is considered one of the greatest Welsh Princes, Gruffudd was illegitimate, and was taken as a hostage, but released in 1215.
Elias I, Count of Maine

**Elias I** (also *Hélie* or *Élie*; c. 1060 - 11 July 1110), called **de la Flèche** or **de Baugency**, was the Count of Maine. He succeeded his cousin Hugh V, Count of Maine.
The Long Night (1947 movie)

***The Long Night*** is a 1947 American crime drama movie directed by Anatole Litvak and is the remake of the 1939 French movie *Le Jour Se Lève*. It stars Henry Fonda, Barbara Bel Geddes, Vincent Price, Ann Dvorak, Howard Freeman, Moroni Olsen, Queenie Smith and distributed by RKO Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Gogi Gvakharia

**Giorgi (Gogi) Gvakharia** (born 7 March, 1957) is a Georgian art critic, journalist, publicist and critic, member of the Georgian Cinematographers' Union, winner of the Saba Literary Prize, professor at Ilia State University, Doctor of Arts.

## Other websites
* Biographical Dictionary of Georgia
Mark Fletcher (politician)

**Mark Peter Fletcher** (born 29 September 1985) is a British Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bolsover from 2019 until 2024. He beat Labour MP Dennis Skinner, who had been MP for the constituency for nearly 50 years.

Fletcher is openly gay.

## References
Ngwane V

**Ngwane V** (also known as **Mahlokohla**, **Bhunu**, **Hhili**; 11 May 1876 - 10 December 1899) was the King of Swaziland from 1895 until his death on 10 December 1899. His parents were Mbandzeni and Labotsibeni Mdluli. He ascended to the throne after a short regency of Queen Mother Tibati Nkambule. He was only 16 years old when he became king. His royal capital was at Zombodze while the Queen Mother's residence was at Lobamba.

Ngwane became the king after the Swaziland convention of 1894. This had led to the classification of Swaziland as a protected state of the South African Republic which was then led by President Paul Kruger. During this time Swaziland had a partial Dutch administration in parallel to Ngwane's administration. The Dutch or European for European interests and Ngwane as head and authority of the Swazi nation. An annual payment was made to Ngwane and Labotsibeni while they were in office from taxes collected and from contributions from concessionaires and taxes.

Ngwane's rule was short. In 1899 the Anglo-Boer war began. It brought to an end the Dutch or Boer partial administration of Swaziland and hence gave way to independence. However Mahlokohla died on 10 December of that year while dancing incwala. This was hidden from the nation until the ceremony was over.

Ngwane was succeeded by his four-month-old son Nkhotfotjeni and his wife Lomawa Ndwandwe. His mother Labotsibeni who had been very influential during his reign continued as queen regent until Sobhuza was crowned in 1921. Ngwane's reign gave way to a stable territory surrounded by conflicting states. Today Mahlokohla is named for one of the main streets, *Mahlokohla Street* in Swaziland's capital Mbabane.
Mbandzeni

**Mbandzeni** (also known as **Dlamini IV**, **Umbandine**, **Umbandeen**; 1855–1889) was the King of Swaziland from 1875 until 1889. He was the son of Mswati II and Nandzi Nkambule. His mother, the wife of King Mswati, died when he was very young.

Mbandzeni became king because his half brother Ludvonga II died before he could become the king. Ludvonga's death resulted in his mother Inkhosikati Lamgangeni adopting Mbandzeni, who was motherless, as her son. That made him king and her the queen mother of Swaziland.

His royal capital was at Mbekelweni. During his kingship, Mbandzeni granted many mining, farming, trading and administrative concessions to white settlers from Britain and the Transvaal. These concessions granted with the help of Offy Sherpstone eventually led to the conventions of 1884 and 1894. Those reduced the overall borders of Swaziland and later made Swaziland a protectorate of the South African Republic. During a period of concessions preceded by famine around 1877 some of the tindvunas (governors) from within Swaziland like Mshiza Maseko and Ntengu kaGama Mbokane were given permission by King Mbandzeni to relocate to farms towards the Komati River. Mshiza Maseko later settled in a place called eLuvalweni, where he was later buried.

Mbandzeni, still in command of a large Swazi army of more than 15000 men aided the British in defeating Sekhukhune in 1879 and preventing Zulu incursion into the Transvaal during the same year. As a result, he guaranteed his country's independence and international recognition despite the Scramble for Africa which was taking place at the time.

Mbandzeni died after an illness in 1889 and is quoted to have said in his deathbed "the Swazi kingship dies with me". He was buried at the royal cemetery at Mbilaneni alongside his father and grandfather Sobhuza I. Mbandzeni was succeeded by his young son Mahlokohla and his wife Queen Labotsibeni Mdluli after a 5-year regency of Queen Tibati Nkambule.

Today a number of buildings and roads in Swaziland are named after Mbandzeni. Among these are the Mbandzeni house in Mbabane and the Mbandzeni Highway to Siteki.
Tarık Solak

**Tarık Solak** (; 1964 – 24 October 2020) was a Turkish-Australian kickboxing promoter.

## Personal life
Solak was born in Ankara to a working class family with 5 children, hailing from Yozgat. His family emigrated to Australia when he was five and Solak grew up in the Northern Melbourne suburb of Brunswick among the Turkish community and in a crowded family. He started his martial arts training in taekwondo under Jemal Hasan and achieved the rank of 4th dan. His funeral took place in Karşıyaka Cemetery, Ankara, on 24 October 2020. Solak was married between 1983 and 2005, and had one son, born 1983,

## References
## Other websites
* Tarık Solak at IMDb
Myoclonus

]]
**Myoclonus** is a rapid involuntary twitching of muscles. Myocloni are a side effect of many neurological conditions, but they can also happen in healthy people. As an example, twitching muscles when falling asleep are normal. Mycloni are a common symptom of epilepsy. Other less common diseses that provoke myocloni include encephalitis, Tics, and certain types of porphyria.

Certain analgesics can provoke myocloni.
Ferdinand (movie)

***Ferdinand*** is an American adventure comedy movie. It was released on December 10, 2017 to theaters in the United States by 20th Century Fox. It was made by Blue Sky Studios. It cost $111 million to make the movie. The movie made about $296.1 million in the box office. Ferdinand is based on the book by Munro Leaf and Robert Lawson. It was about a bull named Ferdinand who refuses to be in a bullfight but is forced to be involved in it to go face-to-face with a famous bullfighter.

Ferdinand was the final Blue Sky movie released before Disney's acquisition of the studio. It was the only Blue Sky movie co-produced by Davis Entertainment.

## References
Imitation of Life (1934 movie)

***Imitation of Life*** is a 1934 American romantic drama movie directed by John M. Stahl and was based on the 1933 novel of the same name by Fannie Hurst. It stars Claudette Colbert, Warren William, Rochelle Hudson, Ned Sparks, Louise Beavers, Alan Hale Sr. and was distributed by Universal Pictures. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1935.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Media Nusantara Citra

***PT Media Nusantara Citra*** also known as **MNC Media** is the biggest group in Southeast Asia. First being build and founded in 1997.

MNC has a core business, doing together wist RCTI, MNC TV, GTV, and iNews - as well as 18 channels acquired broadcast with MNC Vision (previously as IndoVision), under MNC Channels division. MNC Media also has other media-based, like movies, radio, talent management, and production house.

## History
MNC has started founded in 1997 and has been listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX), since June 22, 2007.

MNC Media has the biggest free-to-air TV market. The group also had three pay television, such as IndoVision, OkeVision, and Top TV. The company also created online media, like Okezone. And also excepting iNews, Koran Sindo newspaper, and portal sindonews.com

## MNC News
MNC News has first founded in 2006. Wich is a infotainment, sports, and lifestyle news channel. The channel is a part of 24 hours general and has been seen on MNC Vision.

## Current televisions and media 
* RCTI
* GTV
* MNC TV
* iNews
* RCTI+
* MeTube
* Tabloid GENIE
* HighEnd Magazine
* Mom & Kiddie
* StarPro Indonesia
* Just for Kids

### Gallery

File:Logo MNC.svg|The first logo of Media Nusantara Citra (2002-2007).
File:MNC logo.png|The second logo has been used in 2008-2010.
File:MNC Media 2015.png|The fourth logo of MNC Media (2015-present).

## Other websites
* 
* MNC Website 
* MNC News mucrosite
Viva Villa

***Viva Villa!*** is a 1934 American western movie directed by Jack Conway and Howard Hawks and was based on the 1933 novel of the same name by Edgecumb Pinchon and O. B. Stade. It stars Wallace Beery, Leo Carrillo, Fay Wray, Donald Cook, Stuart Erwin, Ralph Bushman and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 4 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1935.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Bolsover (UK Parliament constituency)

**Bolsover** (,  and commonly ) is a constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Derbyshire. It has been represented by Labour politician Natalie Fleet in the House of Commons since 2024. It was represented by Labour politician Dennis Skinner for nearly 50 years, from 1970 until he lost in 2019 to Conservative politician Mark Fletcher.

## Boundaries
The constituency was first created in 1950, but has changed shape over time.

**1950–1983**: The Urban District of Bolsover, and the Rural Districts of Blackwell and Clowne.

**1983–2010**: The District of Bolsover, and the District of North East Derbyshire wards of Morton, Pilsley, Shirland, and Sutton.

**2010–present**: The District of Bolsover, and the District of North East Derbyshire wards of Holmewood and Heath, Pilsley and Morton, Shirland, and Sutton.

## Members of Parliament
## Elections
### Elections in the 2020s
### Elections in the 2010s
### Elections in the 2000s
### Elections in the 1990s
### Elections in the 1980s
### Elections in the 1970s
### Elections in the 1960s
### Elections in the 1950s
## References
Bird's Opening

'''Bird's Opening''' is a chess opening characterised by the move: 1. f4. 

Bird's is a flank opening. White's strategic ideas involve control of the e5-square. This offers some attacking chances at the expense of slightly weakening his own centre. The opening is rarely played by expert players. It is named after Henry Bird, a 19th century English player.
Amber Valley (UK Parliament constituency)

**Amber Valley** is a constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Derbyshire, England. Conservative politician Nigel Mills has represented the constituency in the House of Commons since 2010. It was first created in 1983 from three older constituencies.

## Members of Parliament
## Elections
### Elections in the 2010s
### Elections in the 2000s
### Elections in the 1990s
### Elections in the 1980s
## References
Nigel Mills

**Nigel John Mills** (born 28 October 1974) is a British Conservative Party politician and retired accountant. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for Amber Valley in Derbyshire since 2010. He is a eurosceptic and supports Brexit.

## References
Tarcisius Gervazio Ziyaye

**Tarcisius Gervazio Ziyaye** (19 May 1949 &ndash; 14 December 2020) was a Malawian Roman Catholic archbishop. He became a priest in 1977. He was titular bishop of *Macon* and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dedza, Malawi, from 1992 to 1993. He was coadjutor archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lilongwe, Malawi, from 1993 to 1994. He was archbishop of the archdiocese from 1994 until his death in 2020.

Ziyaye died on 14 December 2020 at the age of 71.

## References
Bill Bullard Jr.

**William Bullard Jr.** (July 12, 1943 – December 18, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1983 to 1996. He also was a member of the Michigan Senate from 1996 until 2002.

Bullard Jr. died on December 18, 2020 in Pontiac, Michigan from cancer and COVID-19 at the age of 77.

## References
Kirunda Kivejinja

**Ali Kirunda Kivejinja** (12 June 1935 – 19 December 2020), more commonly known as **Kirunda Kivejinja**, was a Ugandan politician. He was the senior presidential advisor to the President of Uganda, Yoweri Museveni. He was the Second Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of East African Community Affairs from 2016 until his death.

Kivejinja died of COVID-19 on 19 December 2020 in Kampala, Uganda at the age of 85.

## References
Märta Norberg

**Märta Norberg** (19 September 1922 – 19 December 2020) was a Swedish cross-country skier. She competed in the 1950s. She won two bronze medals in the 3 × 5&nbsp;km relay at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships (1954, 1958). Norberg finished fourth in the 10&nbsp;km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. Norberg was born in Sidensjö, Sweden.

Norberg died on 19 December 2020 in Stockholm at the age of 98.

## References
Maria Piątkowska

**Maria Piątkowska** (née **Ilwicka**, later **Chojnacka**; 24 February 1931 – 19 December 2020) was a Romanian-born Polish sprinter, hurdler, and long jumper. She was born in Goleni, Romania. 

She was a three-time Olympian (Helsinki 1952, Rome 1960 and Tokyo 1964). In three European Championships (1954 Bern, 1958 Stockholm, and 1962 Belgrade), she won three medals.

Piątkowska died on 19 December 2020 at the age of 89.

## References
Samsuddin Ahmed

**Samsuddin Ahmed** (6 March 1945 – 20 December 2020) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Manikganj-2 constituency during 2001–2006.

Ahmed died at a Dhaka hospital on 20 December 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 75.

## References
Óscar Jaenada

**Óscar Jaenada Gajo** (born 4 May 1975) is a Spanish actor. He is known for his roles as the Spainard pirate in *Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides* and as Cantinflas in the 2014 movie about his life.

## References