open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Snail kite

The **snail kite** (*Rostrhamus sociabilis*) is a bird of prey.  It is in the family Accipitridae, which also includes the eagles, hawks, and Old World vultures. 

## Description 
Snail kites are  long with a  wingspan. They weigh from . 

They have long, broad, and rounded wings. Its tail is long with a white rump. The dark, deeply hooked beak measures . 

It flies slowly with its head facing downwards to see its prey.  It mostly eats large apple snails. 

The snail kite lives in tropical South America, the Caribbean, and central and southern Florida in the United States. It nests in a bush or on the ground and lays 3–4 eggs.

## References
Old World vulture

**Old World vultures** belong to the family Accipitridae.  This family also includes eagles, buzzards, kites, and hawks.

Old World vultures are not closely related to New World vultures and condors.  They do not share that group's good sense of smell. 

Both Old World and New World vultures are scavenging birds.  They feed mostly from carcasses of dead animals. Old World vultures find carcasses only by sight. Many vultures have a bald head, with no feathers or short down feathers.  Because of how a vulture eats, their head is spattered with blood and other fluids.  They are able to keep clean by not having long feathers on their head.

There are two groups of Old World vultures.  The first group has the Egyptian vulture, bearded vulture, and palm-nut vulture. Some scientists put this group into a separate subfamily called "Gypaetinae", which means "eagle-vultures". It is related to the group of bazas, honey-buzzards and cuckoo-hawks, which are much smaller birds.  The second group has all the other species.  It is related to the booted eagles, which is a group of eagles that have feathers on their legs down to their toes.  

The palm-nut vulture is unusual, because it feeds mainly on the fruit of the oil palm.  

## Species 
### Subfamily Gypaetinae 
'*Genus *Gypaetus'''*
* Lammergeier or bearded vulture, *Gypaetus barbatus*
*'Genus *Neophron*'*
* Egyptian vulture, *Neophron percnopterus*
*'Genus *Gypohierax*'*
* Palm-nut vulture, *Gypohierax angolensis*

### Subfamily Aegypiinae 
*'Genus *Aegypius*'*
* Cinereous vulture, *Aegypius monachus*
*'Genus *Gyps*'*
* Griffon vulture, *Gyps fulvus*
* White-rumped vulture, *Gyps bengalensis''
* Rüppell's vulture, *Gyps rueppelli*
* Indian vulture, *Gyps indicus*
* Slender-billed vulture, *Gyps tenuirostris*
* Himalayan vulture, *Gyps himalayensis*
* White-backed vulture, *Gyps africanus*
* Cape vulture, *Gyps coprotheres*
'*Genus *Necrosyrtes'''*
* Hooded vulture, *Necrosyrtes monachus*
*'Genus *Sarcogyps*'*
* Red-headed vulture, *Sarcogyps calvus*
*'Genus *Torgos*'*
* Lappet-faced vulture, *Torgos tracheliotus*
*'Genus *Trigonoceps*'*
* White-headed vulture, *Trigonoceps occipitalis''
Kite (bird)

**Kites** are raptors.  They have long wings and weak legs.  They spend most of the time soaring. Most feed mainly on carrion.  Some take live prey.

They are birds of prey which, along with hawks  and eagles, are from the family Accipitridae.

## Species list 
*  **Subfamily Elaninae**
** Genus *Elanus*
*** Black-winged kite, *Elanus caeruleus* 
*** Black-shouldered kite, *Elanus axillaris* 
*** White-tailed kite, *Elanus leucurus*
*** Letter-winged kite, *Elanus scriptus*
** Genus *Chelictinia*
*** Scissor-tailed kite, *Chelictinia riocourii*
** Genus *Machaerhamphus*
*** Bat hawk, *Machaerhamphus alcinus*
** Genus *Gampsonyx*
*** Pearl kite, *Gampsonyx swainsonii*
** Genus *Elanoides*
*** Swallow-tailed kite, *Elanoides forficatus*
* **Subfamily Milvinae**
** Genus *Harpagus*
*** Double-toothed kite, *Harpagus bidentatus*
*** Rufous-thighed kite, *Harpagus diodon*
** Genus *Ictinia*
*** Mississippi kite, *Ictinia mississippiensis*
*** Plumbeous kite, *Ictinia plumbea*
** Genus *Rostrhamus*
*** Snail kite, *Rostrhamus sociabilis*
** Genus *Helicolestes*
*** Slender-billed kite, *Helicolestes hamatus* - formerly in *Rostrhamus*
** Genus *Haliastur*
*** Whistling kite, *Haliastur sphenurus*
*** Brahminy kite, *Haliastur indus*
** Genus *Milvus*
*** Red kite, *Milvus milvus*
**** Cape Verde kite, *Milvus (milvus) fasciicauda* - extinct (2000)
*** Black kite, *Milvus migrans*
*** Black-eared kite, *Milvus (migrans) lineatus*
*** Yellow-billed Kite, *Milvus (migrans) aegyptius*
** Genus *Lophoictinia*
*** Square-tailed kite, *Lophoictinia isura*
** Genus *Hamirostra*
*** Black-breasted buzzard, *Hamirostra melanosternon*

A few of the Perninae are also called kites.

* Grey-headed kite, *Leptodon cayanensis*
* White-collared kite, *Leptodon forbesi*
* Hook-billed kite, *Chondrohierax uncinatus*
Sacred kingfisher

The **sacred kingfisher** (*Todiramphus sanctus*) is a medium sized woodland kingfisher.  

They live in mangroves, woodlands, forests, and river valleys in Australia, New Zealand, and other parts of the western Pacific. In New Zealand the species is also known by its Māori name **Kōtare**.

The sacred kingfisher is mostly turquoise, with white underparts and collar feathers. Both sexes are similar.  The females are usually more dull colored. Juveniles have rusty-brown edges on the collar and underparts. The bird is  long.  They feed on insects, small crustaceans, fish, small rodents and reptiles. Usually, a bird will sit on a low branch and wait for prey to pass by. It swoops down to grab the prey and returns to its perch to eat, much like a hawk.

Once a pair of birds has mated, both members of the pair dig the nest.  The nest is usually on a burrow in a river bank or a large, empty branch. The female lays about five eggs.  Both birds incubate the eggs and take care of the young.

## References
Bill Finnegan

**William Robinson "Bill" Finnegan** (June 29, 1928 in Kansas City, Missouri  November 28, 2008 in Sag Harbor, New York) was an American television and movie producer who is well known for his works in *The Fabulous Baker Boys*, *Hawaii Five-O*, and *Reality Boys*. He was a five time Emmy Award nominee. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri on June 29, 1928. He died from Parkinson's disease in Sag Harbor, New York on November 28, 2008, aged 80.

## Television movies
* *Summer of Fear* (1978)
* *The Ordeal of Patty Hearst* (1979)
* *The $2.50 an Hour Dream* (1980)
* *World War III* (1982)
* *The Dollmaker* (1984)
* *Amos* (1985)
* *The Atlanta Child Murders* (1985)
* *Circle of Violence* (1986)
* *Hoover* (1987)

## Movies
* *Support Your Local Gunfighter* (1971)
* *North Shore* (1987)
* *The Fabulous Baker Boys* (1989)
* *White Palace* (1990)
* *The Babe* (1992)
* *CrissCross* (1992)
* *Reality Bites* (1994)
* *Ed* (1996)

## Television
* *Hawaii Five-O* (1977)
* *The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd* (1987)
* *Northern Exposure* (1990  1995)

## References
## Other websites
*
Buzzard

]]

A **buzzard** in biology is a member of the genus ***Buteo***. In general talk it may be one of several large birds.

## Old World
In the Old World buzzard can mean:
* One of several  medium-sized, wide-ranging raptors with a robust body and broad wings.
* In particular, those in the genus ***Buteo***. In the Old World, members of this genus are called "buzzards", but "hawk" may be more common in North America.
* Specifically, in Europe, the common buzzard is *Buteo buteo*. Most people call this bird a 'buzzard'.
* Any other raptor with the word *buzzard* as part of its name.

## New World
In the New World 'buzzard' may mean:
* A vulture.  Mostly the American black vulture and turkey vulture.  It may be used as a general name for vultures.
* In parts of the United States where they are thought to be a pest, the name is used in a bad way to mean a bird of prey.  Mostly it is used for the Cooper's hawk, the sharp-shinned hawk the red-tailed hawk or the duck hawk.

## *Buteo* species
Scientifically, these are all buzzards.
* Common buzzard (*Buteo buteo*)
** Steppe buzzard (*Buteo buteo vulpinus*)
* Red-tailed hawk (*Buteo jamaicensis*)
* Long-legged buzzard (*Buteo rufinus*)
* Rough-legged buzzard (*Buteo lagopus*)
* Ferruginous hawk (*Buteo regalis*)
* Red-shouldered hawk (*Buteo lineatus*)
* Broad-winged hawk (*Buteo platypterus* )
* Swainson's hawk (*Buteo swainsoni*)
* Roadside hawk (*Buteo magnirostris*)
* Ridgway's hawk (*Buteo ridgwayi*)
* White-rumped hawk (*Buteo leucorrhous*)
* Short-tailed hawk (*Buteo brachyurus*)
* White-throated hawk (*Buteo albigula*)
* White-tailed hawk (*Buteo albicaudatus*)
* Galápagos hawk (*Buteo galapagoensis*)
* Red-backed hawk (*Buteo polyosoma*)
* Puna hawk (*Buteo poecilochrous*)
* Gray hawk (*Buteo nitidus*)
* Zone-tailed hawk (*Buteo albonotatus* )
* Hawaiian hawk (*Buteo solitarius*)
* Rufous-tailed hawk (*Buteo ventralis*)
* Mountain buzzard (*Buteo oreophilus*)
* Madagascar buzzard (*Buteo brachypterus*)
* Upland buzzard (*Buteo hemilasius*)
* Red-necked buzzard (*Buteo auguralis*)
* Augur buzzard, *Buteo augur*
* Archer's buzzard, *Buteo archeri*
* Jackal buzzard (*Buteo rufofuscus*)

## Other species known as "buzzard" 
* Black-breasted buzzard (*Hamirostra melanosternon*)
* Lizard buzzard (*Kaupifalco monogrammicus*)
* Grasshopper buzzard (*Butastur rufipennis*)
* White-eyed buzzard (*Butastur teesa*)
* Rufous-winged buzzard (*Butastur liventer*)
* Grey-faced buzzard (*Butastur indicus*)
* Black-chested buzzard-eagle (*Geranoaetus melanoleucus*)
*The honey-buzzards, genus *Pernis*, look something like *Buteo* buzzards.  They feed on wasp nests and larvae.
** European or Eurasian Honey buzzard (*Pernis apivorus*)
** Oriental honey buzzard (*Pernis ptilorhynchus*)
** Barred honey-buzzard (*Pernis celebensis*)
*Other genus of honey buzzards
** Black honey buzzard (*Henicopernis infuscatus*)
** Long-tailed honey buzzard (*Henicopernis longicauda*)
Operation Barbarossa

**Operation Barbarossa** (, named after Frederick I) was the code name for the European Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II. It began on 22 June 1941. More than 3 million men attacked along the 2,900&nbsp;km (about 1802 mile) front, which made it the largest military invasion in human history. It also involved 600,000 motor vehicles and 750,000 horses.

In the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact of 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to fight each other. Planning for the German surprise attack started in December 1940. The attack was to start on May 15, and its main objective was to destroy the Soviet military power. Some Nazi ideological goals were included, as were Soviet deposits of natural resources, which would be helpful to keep fighting the war against the Allies.

Even though the Soviet Red Army suffered huge losses, the attack did not complete its objectives. The Germans held some of the most important economic areas of the Soviet Union, mainly in Ukraine. However, the Germans were pushed back from Moscow. 

The German attack opened the Eastern Front, which in Russia is called the "Great Patriotic War". In the following years Axis powers could not do another attack as large and long as Operation Barbarossa.

## Related pages 
* Eastern Front (World War II)

Operation Barbarossa was the largest military operation in human history by the number of men involved and by the number of people who died. The operation opened a theatre in which more men were involved than any other in history.

## References
Common juniper

The **common juniper** (*Juniperus communis*) is a species in the genus *Juniperus*, in the family Cupressaceae. It has the largest range of any woody plant.  It is all over the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere.  It can be found in North America, Europe and Asia.

## Description 
, Bulgaria.]]
*Juniperus communis* is a shrub or small coniferous evergreen tree.  It is a low spreading shrub.  Sometimes it can reach 10 m tall. 

The seed cones are berry-like.  They are green when ripening.  In 18 months they change to purple-black with a blue waxy coating.

## Uses
### Crafts
It is too small to be used for lumber. In Scandinavia, however, juniper wood is used for making containers.  These containers store small amounts of dairy products such as butter and cheese. In Estonia juniper wood is valued for its long lasting and pleasant aroma. Various decorative items (often eating utensils) are common in most Estonian handicraft shops and households.

### Culinary
Its astringent blue-black seeds, commonly known as "Juniper berries", are too bitter to eat raw.  They are usually sold dried and used to flavour meats, sauces, and stuffings. They are generally crushed before use to release their flavour. The berries are used to flavour certain beers and gin. The Slovak national alcoholic beverage Borovička is also flavoured with juniper berry extract.

### Traditional medicine
Juniper berries have long been used as medicine by many cultures.  Juniper berries act as a strong urinary tract disinfectant if eaten.  They were used by Native Americans as an herbal remedy for diabetes. Western American tribes combined the berries of *Juniperus communis* with Berberis root bark in a herbal tea.  Native Americans also used juniper berries as a female contraceptive.

## Gallery

Image:Juniperus communis at Valjala on 2005-08-11.jpg|As the cones need more than a year to become ripe, both ripe and unripe cones can be seen together, as on this tree on Saaremaa, Estonia
Image:Lüneburger Heide 006.jpg|*Juniperus communis* subsp. *communis* on Lüneburg Heath, Germany
File:Juniperus communis MF.JPG|Young shoots, Malá Fatra

## References
Type species

(Cygnus cygnus) is the type species of the genus Cygnus (Swans). The genus also contains other swans.]]
, another species of Swan. Not the type species. ]]
The term **type species** is used in the scientific naming of living things, and is part of a system using a so-called "type".

The type system is central to the scientific naming of living things (organisms). How exactly it works is different depending on exactly what living thing is considered, but in a very general (and imprecise) sense it may be said that it fixes each name *to a particular specimen*, the type specimen. This helps in finding out what particular name is to be used for a particular living thing (or a group of living things, a taxon). There are international Codes of nomenclature which set out exactly how types are to be designated and used.

For animals, the type species of a genus (or subgenus) is the type of that genus (or subgenus). The species (hopefully) has a specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) as its type, so the type species is the link between a genus (or subgenus) and a type specimen.

For algae, fungi and plants, it is different: the type species of a genus is the species that has the same type (specimen or illustration) as the genus. For example, *Malus sylvestris*, the European Wild Apple, is the type species of the genus *Malus*. Thus, for algae, fungi and plants, a type species plays no great role; it is not an official term, but only a term of convenience.

## Notes
Type site

In archaeology, a **type site** (or **type-site**, or **typesite**) is a site that is typical of a particular archaeological culture. A type site contains artifacts which are typical of that culture. Type sites are often the first or foundational site discovered about the culture they represent. 

For example, the type site of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A culture is Jericho, in the West Bank. The type site of the pre-celtic/Celtic Bronze Age Hallstatt culture is the lakeside village of Hallstatt, Austria.

In geology the term is used similarly for a site considered to be typical of a particular rock formation, etc. The use of this term is similar to that of the type specimen in biology.
John Forsythe

**John Forsythe** (born **Jacob Lincoln Freund**; January 29, 1918  April 1, 2010) was an American stage, television, and movie actor.

## Early life
Forsythe born on January 29, 1918 in Penns Grove, New Jersey to Blanche Materson (née Blohm) and to Samuel Jeremiah Freund. Forsythe was the oldest of three siblings. Forsythe was raised in Brooklyn, New York. He was educated at Abraham Lincoln High School and at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill along with late actors R. G. Armstrong and Andy Griffith. 

## Career
His career began when he was an announcer for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Forsythe's movie career began in 1943 in the movie *Northern Pursuit* and since then he had appeared in many movies such as; *Destination Tokyo*, *Escape from Fort Bravo*, *Madame X*, *Topaz*, *Scrooged*, and his final movie was the 2003 movie ''Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle* that is the sequel to the movie that is based on the television series *Charlie's Angels* in which Forsythe starred in. 

### Notable Television Works
Forsythe had starred in television series, but his most notable television works is in *Dynasty* as Blake Carrington and  as Charles Townsend in the hit series *Charlie's Angels*. Forsythe was also in *The Powers That Be*, and was a Miss Universe host in 1989.

### Awards
Forsythe has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series Drama in 1984 for his role in *Dynasty''. 

## Personal Life
Forsythe was married three times. He married Parker McCormick in 1939. They divorced in 1943. He married Julie Warren in 1943. She died in 1994 when Forsythe decided to turn her off of life support when she had breathing problems. He married Nicole Carter in 2003. They were married until his death in 2010. Forsythe had a son, two daughters, six grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren.

## Death
Forsythe died on April 1, 2010 from complications of pneumonia in Santa Ynez, California. He was 92 years old. His widow Nicole Carter died 40 days later. He is buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Santa Barbara, California. He is survived by his son, his two daughters, six grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Official site
Salt-n-Pepa

**Salt-n-Pepa** are an American hip hop trio. They started in New York City in 1985. Among their hit singles are *None of Your Business*, *Whatta Man*, *Push It* and *You Showed Me*. The group have gone through several lineup changes since their starting. They released their first album *Hot, Cool & Vicious* in 1986. "None of Your Business" won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 1995.
Volkswagen Bora

The **Volkswagen Bora** is a car produced by Volkswagen. It replaced the Vento in 1998, and was replaced by the Jetta in 2005. It was made to be a more **luxurious** car than the Volkswagen Golf Mk4 while keeping the same **reliability** and (in some models) **power** as the golf. The top of the line **VR6 4Motion** (V6 engine with AWD drivetrain) made 206.8 PS (204 HP, 150 kW).

## Engines 
* *1.4 16V* 55 kW (75 hp)
* *1.6* 74 kW (100 hp) and 75 kW (102 hp)
* *1.6 16V* 77 kW (105 hp)
* *1.6 FSI* 81 kW (110 hp)
* *1.8 20V* 92 kW (125 hp)
* *1.8 T* 110 kW (147 hp) and 132 kW (180 hp)
* *2.0* 85 kW (115 hp)
* *2.3 V5* 110 kW (150 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
* *2.8 VR6* 150 kW (204 hp)
* *1.9 SDI* 50 kW (68 hp)
* *1.9 TDI* 66 kW (90 hp), 74 kW (100 hp), 81 kW (110 hp), 85 kW (115 hp), 96 kW (130 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)
Audi 80

The **Audi 80** was a car produced by Audi from 1972 to 1994. It was replaced by the Audi A4.

File:Audi 80 B3 front 20071227.jpg|Third generation
File:Audi 80 B4 2.0 BJ 1992.jpg|Fourth generation
Helsingborg

**Helsingborg** is a city in Sweden. It is the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne County. In 2010, 97,122 people lived there.

## References 
## Other websites
Type (biology)

*]]

In biology, a **type** is a specimen, or example, of a specific living thing or taxon, which is a group of specific living things.  For example, if a scientist catches one frog that is not any species of frog that scientists already know, then that frog is the *type* of a new species of frog. That species will have a new scientific name. In older English writings from before 1900, plant scientists used the word *type* for groups of living things instead of specimens.

## Type specimen
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) make rules for type specimens.  In these rules, the scientific name of every taxon is almost always based on just one *specimen*. Types are usually specimens that are kept in a museum or herbarium research collection.  These types are usually whole organisms in a preservative, for example alcohol. Sometimes they are just pictures of the organisms. Describing species and appointing type specimens is part of scientific nomenclature and alpha taxonomy.

Depending on the naming code for the organism, a type can be a specimen, a culture, a drawn picture, or (for bacteria) a description.

For example, in the research collection of the Natural History Museum in London, there is a bird specimen numbered 1886.6.24.20. This is the specimen for the spotted harrier, *Circus assimilis*. This specimen is the holotype for that species; the name *Circus assimilis* is, by definition, the species of that particular specimen.

Scientists do not need to make sure that the specimen they use as a type is a "typical" individual in that taxon. The type can be a different color from other members of its taxon.  It can be deformed or different.

The use of the term *type* is complicated because botany and zoology use it differently. In the *PhyloCode*, type-based definitions are replaced by phylogenetic definitions.

## Type locality
The type locality is the place where the scientists found the type specimen.

## Older words
In some older books about taxonomy, writers use the word "type" differently. Some use it to mean "taxon."

## Related pages
*Type species

## Other websites
* *ICZN Code'': International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the official website
* Fishbase Glossary section (archived)
* A compendium of terms (archived)
* Zoological Type Nomenclature (Evenhuis)  (PDF)

## References
Kaori Kawanaka

is a female Japanese sportswoman.  She is best known as an archer who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

## Career
Kawanaka was part of a team which won the bronze medal in women's archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

This was Japan's first Olympic medal in any team archery event.

## Related pages
* Sports in Japan
* Japan at the Olympics
* Ren Hayakawa
* Miki Kanie

## References
Ryohei Kato

|}

 is a Japanese gymnast.

He is the son of Hiroyuki Kato who is the Olympic team coach for gymnastics.

## Career
Kato was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

## Related pages
* Sports in Japan
* Japan at the Olympics
* Kazuhito Tanaka
* Yusuke Tanaka
* Kōhei Uchimura
* Koji Yamamuro

## References
## Other websites
* Ryohei Kato at London2012.com
Néstor Carbonell

**Nestor Gastón Carbonell** (born December 1, 1967 in New York City, New York) is an American television and movie actor. He is known for playing Richard Alpert in *Lost*, and for playing Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's *The Dark Knight* (2008) and in *The Dark Knight Rises* (2012). He is also known for his role in *Suddenly Susan*, and as Batmanuel in *The Tick*.

Carbonell was born on December 1, 1967 in New York City, New York to a Spanish family. Carbonell was educated at Harvard University. He has been married to Shannon Kenny since 2001. They have two children together.

## Filmography
* *Garage Sale* (1996)
* *Attention Shoppers* (2000)
* *Agua Dulce* (2001)
* *Jack the Dog* (2001)
* *New Suits* (2001)
* *The Laramie Project* (2001)
* *Manhood* (2003)
* *The Lost City* (2005)
* ''Smokin' Ages* (2006)
* *The Dark Knight* (2008)
* *Killer Movie* (2008)
* *Noah's Ark: The New Beginning* (2010)
* *Cristiada* (2011)
* *The Dark Knight Rises'' (2012)

## References
## Other websites
*
Hoxne

**Hoxne** (pronounced 'Hoxen') is an ancient village in Suffolk, England, about five miles (8&nbsp;km) east-southeast of Diss, Norfolk

The area around the village is of great archaeological significance. 
#It was one of the first places where flint hand axes were found (late 18th century). John Frere [17401807], who lived at Roydon Hall in Diss, was the first person to recognise and write about the hand axes. He wrote a letter to the Society of Antiquaries. In this letter he connected the flints to strata in the site of an interglacial lake, part of the Hoxnian interglacial.  
#It is the archaeological type site for the **Hoxnian Stage** or Hoxnian interglacial. The Hoxnian Stage is a middle Pleistocene stage of the geological history of the British Isles. It is equivalent to Marine Isotope Stage 11, which started 424,000 years ago and ended 374,000 years ago.
#It is the find-spot of the Hoxne Hoard of Roman .

The village is also home to The Swan Inn. The Swan occupies a 15th Century, Grade II listed lodge, formerly known as Bishops Lodge. This pub is set at the bottom end of the village green, near Saint Edmund's memorial and bridge. Built in 1480 by the Bishop of Norwich, The Swan has a long history; both the restaurant and bars reflect Hoxne's ecclesiastical past, with ornate ceiling beams and wide-planked floors.

## References
Pierre de Coubertin medal

The **Pierre de Coubertin medal** is awarded by the International Olympic Committee and recognizes those who demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in the Olympic Games. The medal is not the same award as the Pierre de Coubertin World Trophy, which is awarded by the International Fair Play Committee.

## Recipients
## Related pages
* Olympic Cup
* Olympic Order

## References
Suzy Bogguss

**Susan Kay "Suzy" Bogguss** (born December 30, 1956 in Illinois), is an American country and folk singer and musician. She was popular in the 1980s and 1990s. During that time she had one platinum record, three gold records and six top ten songs. She last appeared on *Billboard* Hot Country Singles Chart around 2001. She has continued to record albums and songs in the country and rock areas.

At the 1992 Country Music Association Awards, Bogguss won the Horizon Award.

## References
## Other websites
Iberian lynx

The **Iberian lynx** (*Lynx pardinus*) is a feline. It is similar to other versions of the genus *Lynx*. The Iberian lynx has almost no threats except man, but it is almost extinct. It is the most endangered cat species in the world.

Iberian lynx hunt rabbits. One of the strategies aimed at saving the species is to change the use of land in such a way that it becomes more attractive to rabbits, which can then be hunted by the lynx. This strategy also benefits other endangered species, such as the Spanish imperial eagle.

In 2014, the Iberian lynx is treated as a species inside the famly of lynx by many biologists, mainly because of its independent development on the Iberian peninsula. This has not always been the case: Beforehand, it was seen as a subspecies of the Eurasian Lynx.

In June 2024, the International Union for Conservation of Nature announced that the Iberian lynx had moved from endangered to vulnerable status for the first time since 1986, after the 2023 census showed a population of 2,021 specimens.

## Breeding programs 
, one of the areas where the Iberian lynx can be found]]
In 2002, the Jerez Zoo confirmed it had three females and was developing a plan for a captive breeding program. She became the first Iberian lynx to breed in captivity, giving birth to three healthy kittens on March 29, 2005 at the El Acebuche Breeding Center, in the Doñana Nature Park in Huelva, Spain. Over the following years, the number of births grew and additional breeding centers were opened. In March 2009, it was reported that 27 cubs had been born since the beginning of the program. Portugal established a breeding center in Silves.

There were 14 surviving cubs in 2008 and 15 in 2009. In 2010, intense rain and health issues resulted in lower reproductive success—14 born, 8 surviving In 2012, breeding centers in Portugal and Spain reported a total of 44 survivors from 59 births, while 2013 saw a total of 44 survivors out of 53 born.

In March 2013, it was reported that Iberian lynx embryos and oocytes had been collected and preserved for the first time.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Stardust (song)

"**Stardust**" is an American popular song It was composed in 1927 by Hoagy Carmichael. In 1929, Mitchell Parish added lyrics. At first, the song was called "Star Dust". Carmichael was the first person to record the song. He recorded it at the Gennett Records studio in Richmond, Indiana. The song is "a song about a song about love".

Many musicians recorded this song.  Artie Shaw recorded it with his big band.

## References
## Other websites
*Stardust on *Sold on Song* (BBC)
*
Andalién River

The **Andalién River** is a river in the province of Concepción in Chile. It crosses part of the communes of Concepción, Talcahuano and Penco, ending at the Bay of Concepción. The total length of the river is 130&nbsp;km with a basin area of 780&nbsp;km² and the average discharge is 10–300 m³/s.

## Sources 
* Cade Idepe, 2004. *Diagnóstico y Clasificación de los Cursos y Cuerpos de Agua según objetivos de calidad. Cuenca del Río Andalién*. Dirección General de Aguas. MOP. Diciembre de 2004. Santiago. Chile. 
* Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, D. Appleton y Compania, Nueva York, 1899 pg. 31-32 

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Chile
Howard Dean

**Howard Brush Dean III** (born November 17, 1948) is a Democratic Party member. 

He held office with the Democratic National Committee from 2005 to 2009. Before that, he was Governor of Vermont (1991 to 2003). Dean ran, without success, for United States President during 2004. However, the "Dean Scream", which happened during a campaign rally, ruined his chances. 

## References
## Other websites
Mike Kellogg

**Michael "Mike" Kellogg** (September 27, 1941 &ndash; June 25, 2023) was a senior announcer with Moody Radio and host for *Music Through the Night*.

## Early life
Kellogg was born in Cedarville, Ohio.

Kellogg died in Valparaiso on June 25, 2023, at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sportsperson

at the 1912 Summer Olympics]]

A **sportsperson**, also known as **sportsmen** or **sportswomen**, is a person who is involved in sports. It may mean someone who is known for the promotion of sport or athletic activities.  

A sportsperson can be a man or a woman who is person trained to compete or interested in a sport involving physical strength, speed or endurance.  A sportsman is a player  in a sport; but the term also means someone who plays sport in a way that shows respect and fairness towards the opposing player or team. 

The term sportsman can also be used to describe a former competitor who continues to promote the sport in later years.  For example, Tsunekazu Takeda is a sportsman who competed in two Summer Olympic Games and who was the President of the Japanese Olympic Committee before he was elected to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2012. 

Sportspeople may be professionals or amateurs.    Sportsmen and sportswomen often have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regimen, but term is also used more broadly.  For example, Hou Yifan was honored in 2011, as the best sportsperson of the year in a non-Olympic event.

The term athlete may be used as a synonym for sportspeople in general, but the word  has strong connotations of people who compete in team sports, as contrasted with other sporting types such as horse riding and driving. For example, a fisherman may be called a sportsman, but not an athlete.  In British English (as well as other variants in the Commonwealth) athlete can also have a more specific meaning of people who compete in traditional athletics (track and field) events.

## Olympic games
The term "World's Greatest Athlete" was first to describe the sportsman Jim Thorpe in the 1912 Summer Olympics at Stockholm in Sweden. Thorpe won the gold medal in the decathlon.  When King Gustav V of Sweden awarded Thorpe, he said, "You, sir, are the greatest athlete in the world." 

The title of "World's Greatest Athlete" traditionally belongs to the world's top competitor in the decathlon (males) and heptathlon (females) in track and field. These competitions require an sportsman to possess the whole spectrum of athletic ability in order to be successful including speed, strength, coordination, jumping ability, and endurance.

## Related pages
* Olympic games
* Arjuna Award
* Sportsmanship

## References
Crystal Bernard

**Crystal Bernard** (born September 30, 1961) is an American sitcom actress. She also does other television acting. She is best known for her role in the NBC sitcom *Wings*.

## Other websites
* 
*
Sportsmanship

**Sportsmanship** is traditional value in sports and competition.  It means playing clean and handling both victory and defeat with grace, style, and dignity.

Sportsmanship is generally understood to include
* playing fair

Sportsmanship can be different  depending on the game itself or the culture of the group. For example, in the sport of cricket, a player will sometimes acknowledge that he is out by walking off the field, even though the umpires (game officials) had thought that he was not out. In another example, a tennis player who sees a ball go in but is called out by the linesperson could concede the point or suggest the opponent make a challenge, as was the case with professional tennis player Jack Sock on at least two occasions.
 
## Olympic Games
In the context of the Olympic Games, athletes are expected to do their best. Otherwise, they would go against the Olympic motto of "Faster, Higher, Stronger".

### Select examples of good sportsmanship 
* Eugenio Monti in the bobsleigh at the 1964 Winter Olympics at Innsbruck
* Lawrence Lemieux in sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics at Seoul
* Shin Lam in fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics at London

### Select examples of bad sportsmanship
In the London Olympics, some athletes attempted to lose their badminton matches, including
* Tian Qing, Zhao Yunlei, Wang Xiaoli and Yu Yang of China 
* Jung Kyung-eun, Kim Ha-na, Ha Jung-eun and Kim Min-jung of South Korea
* Greysia Polii and Meilana Jauhari of Indonesiaз

## Related pages
* Pierre de Coubertin medal
* Sportsperson
* Unsportsmanlike conduct

## References
Michael Michele

**Michael Michele** (born August 30, 1966 near Evansville, Indiana) is an American television and movie actress. She played Selina in the 1991 movie *New Jack City*. She acted in the medical drama *ER* and in *Gossip Girl*.
Cassius Dio

**Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus** (, c. AD 150 – 235), known in English as **Cassius Dio**, **Dio Cassius**, or **Dio**  (Dione. lib) was a Roman consul. He was active as a historian writing in Greek.  Dio published a history of Rome in 80 volumes, beginning with the legendary arrival of Aeneas in Italy through the subsequent founding of Rome (753 BC), the formation of the Republic (509 BC), and the creation of the Empire (31 BC), up to AD 229; a period of about 1,400 years.  Of the 80 books, written over 22 years, many survive into the modern age intact or as fragments. Modern scholars still use them to get a detailed understanding of Ancient Roman history.

## References
Sharon Lawrence

**Sharon Lawrence** (born June 29, 1961) is an American actress who became notable when she starred in *NYPD Blue*. She also acted in other programs.
Lismore, New South Wales

**Lismore** is a town in northeastern New South Wales, Australia and is in the Aboriginal Bundjalung Nation. It is on the Bruxner Highway, and the state capital city of New South Wales, Sydney is  to the south by highway. The state capital city of Queensland is  north.

Southern Cross University is based in Lismore, so there are a lot of students from around the state and country. There are six high schools and three primary schools as well a school which has students from Kindergarten all the way through to Year 12.

## References
Michael Roark

**Michael Sean Roark** (born May 9, 1983) is an American actor and lawyer.

## Filmography
### Film
### TV shows
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Robert Palmer

**Robert Allen Palmer** (January 19, 1949 &ndash; September 26, 2003) was a British musician, singer-songwriter and recording artist who released many hits during the 1970s and the 1980s. His hits include *Addicted to Love* and "Bad Case of Loving You (Doctor, Doctor)".

Palmer received a number of awards throughout his career, including two Grammy Awards for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance, an MTV Video Music Award, and was twice nominated for the BRIT Award for Best British Male.

## Personal life
Robert Palmer married Susan Eileen Thatcher in 1971. They had two children together, James and Jane. They divorced in 1999.  In 1993, Palmer moved from the Bahamas to Lugano, Switzerland.  He thought the islands were overrun with drugs and guns and were no longer safe. He was holidaying with his close friend, Jack Bruce, and conducting publicity appearances for his most recent release *Drive* prior to his death. 

He was survived by his parents, Leslie and Anna Palmer, his brother, Mark Palmer, and his children, James and Jane.

## Studio albums
## References
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23

**MiG-23 Flogger** is a Soviet interceptor-fighter aircraft. It first entered the Soviet Air Force in 1970. This is the first MiG that has variable geometry swing-wings, meaning that you can control the wings to be at a certain angle. The MiG-23 was a replacement for the MiG-21. It was used by Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War, the Kuwait Invasion, and the Gulf War. Today, it is still used, but not as much as other modern jets.

## References
Mikoyan MiG-27

]]
**MiG-27 Flogger** is a Soviet ground-attack aircraft. It first entered the Soviet Air Force in 1975.  This plane's design is similar to the MiG-23.

The MiG-27 was mostly used in the Soviet Union and it successor states. The Indian Air Force used the aircraft from 1984-2019 under a technology transfer agreement with the Soviet Union.

Today, the Kazakh Air Force is the only remaining user of the MiG-27.
## References
Mikoyan MiG-31

]]
**MiG-31 Foxhound** is a Soviet/Russian interceptor aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1982.

## External Video
* Russian Interceptor aircraft 『MiG-31 (NATO reporting name: Foxhound)』Official Video
**  - on RT Documentary Official YouTube Channel
Mule deer

The **mule deer** (*Odocileus hemionus*) is a species of deer. They are sometimes called **black-tailed deer**. They live in western North America. Their name was given to them because of their mule-like ears. There are many subspecies, including the black-tailed deer. Unlike the white-tailed deer, mule deer lives on land west of the Missouri River. They also live in the Rocky Mountains region of North America. Mule deer have been introduced to Argentina.

The mule deer's favorite food is new plants that grow in the spring.  They eat a large number of their yearly calories during spring feeding.  Because spring comes later in colder places, the mule deer move from warmer to colder places so they spend the most where there are spring plants to eat.  Scientists call this "green wave surfing." According to scientists from the University of Wyoming, by migrating, mule deer can eat spring plants for 120 days in a year with lots of rain and 60 days in a year with very little rain.  The deer are very good at figuring out where the spring growth will be and when it will be there, even when it is different from the last year.  The scientists also say that climate change is putting the deer in danger by causing more years with very little rain.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History species account-Mule Deer
*Video of Arizona Mule Deer
Haitian Creole

**Haitian Creole** is a type of Creole language spoken by about 13 million people, mostly Haitians and the Haitian diaspora. Most of its vocabulary is derived from French. This language is called **Kreyòl Ayisien** by those who speak it.

## Origins 
The language started in Haiti by contact between the white colonizers, who spoke French, and the black people they enslaved, who spoke African languages. The African influences in Haitian Creole can be noticed in the sound, syntax, and vocabulary.

In Haiti, the upper classes have often disrespected Haitian Creole even though they speak it, but the language has recently started to become more accepted. There are more books in Haitian Creole, and it was finally acknowledged in Haiti's constitution in 1987.

## References
Mountain goat

The **mountain goat** (*Oreamnos americanus*) is a species of goats. They are also known as the **Rocky Mountain goat**. They live in North America. They are part of the genus *Oreamnos*. They like to live on high elevations. Mountain goats are great at climbing, and will rest on rocky cliffs. They do this so predators cannot get them.

The mountain goat wanders the mountains alone, and meets only to mate. It eats grasses, lichens, and leaves. It is 3–4&nbsp;ft. at the shoulder (90-120 centimeters.) The mother mountain goat is called a nanny, and the male is called a billy, the baby is called a kid.

Their thick undercoat, and long white overcoat, protects them from blustery wind, and harsh weather that often occurs in their mountainous habitat. Both male and female have short, strong, legs that have large black hooves on the end. The billy had long slender horns that measure approximately 1 foot. The nannies have slightly longer horns. The female uses her horns to defend her young. She will often dominate the territory, and the male will leave her alone.

The female mountain goat, or nanny, becomes pregnant in November, the only month they are together, and gives birth to her kid six months, or half a year, later. The nanny will protect her young for a while and eventually the kid will leave his mother. He will most likely not know his father. They are alone for most of the year except for November which is the mating month.

## References 
Raedeke, Kenneth J. "Mountain goat." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012.Web. 20 Dec. 2012.

## Other websites 
* A.W.F. Banfield (1974). *The Mammals of Canada*. University of Toronto Press. 
* D. Chadwick (1983). A Beast the Color of Winter – The Mountain Goat Observed. Sierra Club Books. San Francisco. 208 p.
* Loyal J. Johnson (1994) Alaska Department of Fish & Game
* US Forest Service – Mountain Goats
Bighorn sheep

The **bighorn sheep** (*Ovis canadensis*) is a species of sheep that lives in the western half of North America. Their name comes from their large horns. Their horns can weigh up to 30 pounds (14 kg). However, the sheep themselves weigh up to 300 pounds (140&nbsp;kg). 

Genetic testing showed that there are three subspecies of bighorn sheep:

## History
The bighorn sheep came from Siberia. They crossed to North America over the Bering land bridge. The population grew in the millions.

Native Americans used bighorn sheep for food and made things out of their skins. It became part of the mythology of many groups of Native Americans.

By 1900, the population got smaller to several thousands. Almost all the bighorn sheep in the Rocky Mountains died in the 1800s and early 1900s.  Hunters killed them for meat and horns.  Bighorn sheep caught diseases from ranch sheep. Many organizations, including the Boy Scouts of America, have helped increase the population.

## References 
## Other websites 
*U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Species Profile 
*Greater Yellowstone Resource Guide - Bighorn Sheep 
*Desert Bighorn Sheep Facts  California Department of Fish and Game
Julie Brown

**Julie Ann Brown** (born August 31, 1958) is a comedian and movie actress who often parodies other celebrities. Celebrities included (though not limited to) skater Nancy Kerrigan, singer Madonna and more in her comedy movies. She was especially popular between the mid 1980s until around the early 2000s.

Brown is known for her popular parody song "Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun".

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Theresa Russell

**Theresa Russell** (born March 20, 1957 in San Diego) is an American actress. She has done many movies. Some of the better-known ones are *The Last Tycoon* (1976), *Black Widow* (1987) and *Spider-Man 3* (2007).

Russell was married to British movie director Nicolas Roeg (born 1928) from 1982 until they divorced.

## References
## Other websites
*
Forth

**Forth** (sometimes written **FORTH**) is a stack-based programming language best known for its use of Reverse Polish notation which greatly simplified the compiler as it required no precedence analysis component.

It was developed by Charles H. Moore in 1969.  Forth uses a two component system, an operating system to run the programs, and an editor to write them. Like most other high-level languages, FORTH can produce highly-efficient code.

## Other websites
*Forth Interest Group
Summer in the City

"**Summer in the City**" is a very popular song about summer. It was by The Lovin' Spoonful. Many other musicians have covered the song. It was released in 1966, at which time it hit #1 across the charts of *Billboard* Hot 100. The instrumental bridge of the song features car honking, starting with a Volkswagen Beetle horn and then ending with jackhammer sounds. These sounds were included to represent what summer in the city sounds like. The song was featured in several movies.
Cruel Summer

**"Cruel Summer"** is a popular song by Bananarama. It was released in 1984 in the United States. It charted higher around the United Kingdom after being released there one year before. The song is about sadness during the summer and wanting to be close to another person. Fourteen years after it came out, Ace of Base did an updated version of this classic.
Teddy Riley

**Edward Theodore "Teddy" Riley** (born October 8, 1967) is a Grammy Award winning, American singer-songwriter, musician, keyboardist, and record producer. He is credited with the creation of the New Jack Swing. The musicians with whom Riley has been connected include Michael Jackson, Keith Sweat, and Mike Posner.

## Career
Riley started a band called Guy with Aaron Hall and Timmy Gatling in 1987. They have released three albums. In 1994 Riley started another band called Blackstreet. They have released four albums. Riley co-produced half of Michael Jackson's 1991 album *Dangerous*. It is the best-selling new jack swing album ever released.

## References