open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ouro Preto

**Ouro Preto** (from Portuguese, Black Gold) is a town in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is at the geographic coordinates . It is at an altitude of 1116 meters on the slope of a rocky hill. In 2010, there were about 70,227 people living there.

## History 
Ouro Preto had a lot of gold in the ground. The gold was taken by Portuguese colonists, who used slave labor.

Ouro Preto was founded in 1711 by combining several villages. In the same year it became the headquarters of the village council, with the appointment of Vila Rica (Villa Rica). In the year 1720, Ouro Preto was chosen as the new capital of Minas Gerais. In 1823, the town was upgraded to being a city as the designation of Ouro Preto. In 1839 he created the School of Pharmacy and in 1876 the School of Mines. It was the capital of the province and later the state of Minas Gerais until 1897.

It was the first Brazilian city to be declared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Historical and Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 1980.

## Geography
### Important Data
**Population**: Data from the 2010 Census (IBGE)
* **Resident population**: 70,227 (2010 Census)
* **Urban area**: 56,293
* **Rural area**: 9,985
* **Area of the municipality**:  1,245&nbsp;km²
* **Temperature**: between 6 and 28 degrees Celsius. In June and July the temperature can reach -2 degrees Celsius.
* **Average elevation**: 1,116 m. The highest point is Pico de Itacolomi with 1,722 meters.
* **The city has twelve districts**: Amarantina, Antônio Pereira, Cachoeira do Campo, Engenheiro Correia, Glaura, Lavras Novas, Miguel Burnier, Santa Rita, Santo Antônio do Leite, Santo Antônio do Salto, São Bartolomeu and Rodrigo Silva.
* **Rivers**: sources for the Velhas, Piracicaba, Gualaxo do Norte, Gualaxo do Sul, Mainart e Ribeirão Funil.
* **Per Capita Income**: R$23,622 (US$13,544.73)
* **HDI**: 0.788 (Medium)

### Location
The city is linked by good roads to:
* Belo Horizonte 100&nbsp;km
* Rio de Janeiro 475&nbsp;km
* São Paulo 	675&nbsp;km
* Brasília 	840&nbsp;km

**Bordering municipalities** are:
* North: Itabirito and Santa Bárbara
* South: Ouro Branco, Catas Altas da Noruega, Piranga and Itaverava
* East: Mariana
* West: Belo Vale and Congonhas

### Climate
Ouro Preto has a humid subtropical climate (*Cwa*, according to the Köppen climate classification), with warm and humid summers and mild, dry winters.

### Vegetation
Ouro Preto has rocky fields, woods of Araucaria (Pinhais), and forests. Most plant life in Ouro Preto is brushland.

## References
## Other websites
*Guide of the historic city of Ouro Preto 
*Satellite view of the historical center at Google Maps
*Live Cameras from Ouro Preto, 360° Photos, Panoramic Views 
*CityMayors feature
*Portal de Ouro Preto
Anita Baker

**Anita Baker** (born January 26, 1958, in Toledo, Ohio, and raised in Detroit, Michigan) is a singer and recording artist. She has had multiple studio records with hit songs. She was born near Toledo, Ohio. She was raised around Detroit. She received several Grammy Awards due to her numerous recordings, mostly during the 1980s, in which decade she was extremely popular.

## References
Karina Maruyama

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team. Her husband is the former footballer Kenji Honnami.

## Biography
Maruyama was born in Ota, Tokyo on 26 March 1983. After graduating from Nippon Sport Science University, she joined TEPCO Mareeze in 2005 and was assigned to the section of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. She was selected Best Young Player awards in 2005 season. She played for the club until 2009 season, in 2010 she went to United States. In September, she returned to Japan and joined JEF United Chiba. In 2012, she moved to Speranza FC Osaka-Takatsuki (later *Konomiya Speranza Osaka-Takatsuki*). She retired at the end of the 2016 season.

In August 2002, Maruyama was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2002 U-19 World Championship. In October, she was selected the Japan national team for 2002 Asian Games. At this competition, on 2 October, she debuted against North Korea. She played in World Cup 2 times (2003 and 2011) and Summer Olympics 3 times (2004, 2008 and 2012). In the 2011 World Cup in Germany, she scored the only goal of the game, defeating the host country and taking Japan to its first ever semifinals of the tournament. She played as a substitute in the final as Japan defeated the United States. At 2012 Summer Olympics, Japan won the silver medal. She played 79 games and scored 14 goals for Japan until 2014.

## Personal life
In September 2020, Maruyama married a former footballer Kenji Honnami. Honnami was a manager of Konomiya Speranza Osaka-Takatsuki when Maruyama played for the club from 2012 to 2016.

## National team statistics
## National team goals
## Honors
*FIFA Women's World Cup
:*Champion (1)*: 2011
*East Asian Football Championship
:*Champion (1)*: 2008

## References
## Other websites
*
Sid Sheinberg

**Sidney Jay "Sid" Sheinberg** (January 14, 1935 &ndash; March 7, 2019) was an American screenwriter, lawyer, and entertainment executive.

Sheinberg, the son of immigrants, a Ukrainian mother and a Polish father, is Jewish and grew up in Corpus Christi, Texas where he was born on January 14, 1935.

In June 1973, Sheinberg was elected President and Chief Operating Officer of MCA, Inc. At the time he was 38. During his presidency, Universal Pictures, a division of MCA, Inc., released the films that grossed more in each of the past three decades, starting with *Jaws* in 1975, following with *E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial* in 1982 and concluding with *Jurassic Park* in 1993.

Sid Sheinberg married actress Lorraine Gary in 1956. They had two sons: Bill and Jonathan Sheinberg, both of whom work as film producers. Sheinberg died on March 7, 2019 in Beverly Hills, aged 84.

## References
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George Wendt

**George Robert Wendt Jr.** (October 17, 1948 – May 20, 2025) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Norm Peterson in the comedy show *Cheers*. He also appeared in Michael Jackson's music video *Black or White*. He hosted his own show, *The George Wendt Show*, before it was cancelled in April 1995. Wendt was born in Chicago, Illinois.

He was married to Bernadette Birkett from 1978 until his death. They had three children together and two step-children.

Wendt died on May 20, 2025 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 76. The cause of death was cardiac arrest caused by congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, hypertension and kidney disease.

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Sashimi

is a type of  Japanese food.  It is very fresh fish which has been sliced into thin pieces.  Some sashimi is cooked, but most seafood is served fresh.

The most popular fish in sashimi include:
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

The art of making sashimi is in the choice of fish and the way it is cut into pieces. 

## Related pages
*Sushi

## References
## Other websites
Annabella Sciorra

**Annabella Sciorra** (born March 29, 1960) is an American television and movie actress. Her parents are of Italian origin. She has performed in television programs and movies. She was featured in Spike Lee's 1991 *Jungle Fever*. Other notable movies she starred in include *Internal Affairs* (1990), *The Hand That Rocks the Cradle* (1992) and *Romeo Is Bleeding* (1993). Sciorra was born in Brooklyn, New York City.

## Other websites 
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Jake Kaminski

**Jake Kaminski** (born August 11, 1988) is an American archer.  He is best known for competing in the Summer Olympic Games.

## Career
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he was part of the men's archery team that won a silver medal.

## Related pages
* United States at the Olympics
* Brady Ellison 
* Jacob Wukie

## References
## Other websites
* Jake Kaminski at London2012.com
Monte Fitz Roy

**Monte Fitz Roy** (also known as **Cerro Chaltén**, **Cerro Fitz Roy**, or simply **Mount Fitz Roy**) is a mountain in the border between Argentina and Chile that is located near the village of El Chaltén that is in Argentina. . It is in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in Patagonia. The mountain is 3375 metre high. It was first climbed in 1952 by French mountain climbers Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone. It is one of the most difficult mountains to climb on Earth. The clothing label, Patagonia, used Monte Fitz Roy as the idea for their logo, after Yvon Chouinard climbed the mountain in 1968 and made a movie about it.

Francisco Moreno first saw the mountain on 2 March 1877. He named it Fitz Roy, in honour of Robert Fitz Roy. Fitz Roy was captain of HMS Beagle and had travelled up the Santa Cruz River in 1834 and made maps of large parts of the Patagonian coast .

*Cerro* is a Spanish word meaning hill, while "Chaltén" is a Tehuelche word meaning smoking mountain, as they believe it was a volcano for its peak is most of the time covered by clouds.

## Geology
Fitz Roy is a huge pyramid shaped granite monolith, carved by the winds, snow and ice. Fitz Roy is made of igneous rocks from deep in the Earth. When large tectonic plates collided about 100 million years, magma escaped between these plates and solidified between other rocks. The erosion of these rocks led to the formation of the mountain.

## Gallery

File:Lago Desierto 182.jpg| Monte Fitz Roy from Lake Desert, Argentina
File:El Chalten.jpg|Mount Fitz Roy as seen from a road, Province of Santa Cruz, Argentina
File:162 - Fitz Roy - Janvier 2010.jpg| Mount Fitz Roy as seen from the Parque Nacional Los Glaciares, Argentina
File:Fitzroy in clearing storm 3.jpg| Clarifying on Mount Fitz Roy, a stormy day
File:Cerro Fitz Roy.jpg|The Fitz Roy, before a storm
File:Localidad El Chaltén y el Fitz Roy.jpg|Town at the base of the hill
File:165 - Fitz Roy - Janvier 2010 - Downsample.jpg|Panorama of Monte Fitz Roy in the morning

## References
### Further reading
* Giuseppe Miotti, 1991: El Fitz Roy : Cuadernos Patagonicos N.4, Milano, Scode, 1re éd. 32 p. [Giuseppe Miotti, El Fitz Roy : Cuadernos Patagonicos N.4, Milano, Scode, 1991, 1re éd., 32 p. In Line Tecpetrol.
* Kearney A, 1993: *Mountaineering in Patagonia*. Seattle, Washington: Cloudcap.
* Marc Antonin Azema, 1954: La Conquête du Fitz Roy, Paris, Flammarion, 235 p.
* Terray L, 1963: *Conquistadors of the Useless*, p.&nbsp;307-8, Victor Gollancz Ltd.  

## Other websites
* Fitz Roy at Peakware 
* Monte Fitz Roy in History  
* News El Chaltén  

### Video
* 
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Ami Otaki

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Otaki was born in Hiratsuka on July 28, 1989. After graduating from Waseda University, she joined French Division 1 club Olympique Lyonnais in 2012. The club won 2011–12 UEFA Champions League. In June 2013, she returned to Japan and joined Urawa Reds. In December 2014, she moved to the French club En Avant Guingamp. In May 2015, she retired end of 2014–15 season. In 2016, Otaki took a year away from football to participate in the 17th edition of the FIFA Master. She graduated in July 2017 and later that month signed a one-year contract with Paris FC. In January 2018, she returned to Japan and joined NHK Spring Yokohama FC Seagulls. In 2019, she moved to JEF United Chiba.

On June 20, 2012, Otaki debuted for the Japan national team against Sweden. She played 3 games for Japan until 2013.

## Statistics
## References
## Other websites
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Irregular galaxy

s distant.]]
 sequence]]

An **irregular galaxy** is a galaxy that does not have a distinct regular shape, like a spiral or an elliptical galaxy.

Irregular galaxies do not fall into any of the regular types of the Hubble sequence. They do not have a  in the centre, nor any trace of spiral structure. They are quite common: they may make up a quarter of all galaxies. Most were once spiral or elliptical galaxies but were deformed by gravitational pull. Irregular galaxies also contain abundant amounts of gas and dust.

There are three sorts of irregular galaxies:

#An Irr-I galaxy (**Irr I**) is an irregular galaxy that features some structure but not enough to place it cleanly into the Hubble sequence. Some of the irregular galaxies are small spiral galaxies that are being distorted by the gravity of a larger neighbour.
#An Irr-II galaxy (**Irr II**) is an irregular galaxy that does not appear to feature any structure that can place it into the Hubble sequence.
#Dwarf irregulars, This type of galaxy may be important, as they often have a low level of metallicity and relatively high levels of gas. This is similar to the earliest galaxies in the Universe. They may be a local (and recent) version of the faint blue galaxies known to exist in deep field galaxy surveys.

The Magellanic Cloud galaxies were once classified as irregular galaxies, but have since been found to contain barred spiral structures.

## References
Adèle Dumilâtre

dated 1843 by Jules Bouvier of Adèle Dumilâtre as Myrtha in *Giselle* (Collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London)]] 

**Adèle Alphonsine Dumilâtre** (30 June 18214 May 1909) was a French ballerina associated with the romantic ballet.  She was born in Paris to Michel Dumilâtre, an actor in the Comédie-Française. He hoped she would become a tragedienne, but her dance talent led her to the ballet of the Paris Opéra. She performed from 1840 to 1848. She rose quickly from minor parts to principal roles. At eighteen she danced *La Sylphide*. She created the roles of Myrtha in *Giselle* and the title role in *Lady Henriette*. Rich gentlemen sustained her power at the Opéra. She danced in Milan and London where she created the title role in *The Marble Maiden* (1845) by Arthur Saint-Léon. She married Louis Drake y del Castillo in 1848 and bore him three children. She died in Paris and was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery. Her older sister Sophie was also a prominent Parisian ballerina.

## References 
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Erina Yamane

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Yamane was born in Hiroshima on December 20, 1990. After graduating from JFA Academy Fukushima, she joined TEPCO Mareeze based in Fukushima Prefecture club in 2009. However, the club was disbanded for Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011. She moved to JEF United Chiba in 2012.She played 92 matches in Nadeshiko League. She left the club in July 2017. In August, she joined Spanish Primera División club Real Betis. She played for the club in 2 seasons. In August 2019, she returned to JEF United Chiba. She retired end of 2020 season.

In November 2008, Yamane was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2008 U-20 World Cup. On January 15, 2010, she debuted for the Japan national team against Chile. In July, she was selected Japan U-20 team for 2010 U-20 World Cup. In 2014, she was a member for 2014 Asian Cup and 2014 Asian Games. Japan won the championship at Asian Cup and the 2nd place at Asian Games. In 2015, she also played at 2015 World Cup and Japan won the 2nd place. She played 26 games for Japan until 2019.

## Statistics
## References
## Other websites
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*Japan Football Association
Shinobu Ohno

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Ohno was born in Zama on January 23, 1984. She played for Nippon TV Beleza from 1999 to 2010. In 12 seasons, she played 192 matches and scored 136 goals. She became top scorer 3 times (2007, 2008 and 2010) and she was selected MVP awards 3 times (2005, 2007 and 2010). She was also selected Best Eleven 8 times (2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010). The club won Nadeshiko League championship 8 times and 2nd position 4 times. In 2011, she moved to INAC Kobe Leonessa. In 2011 season, she became top scorer with teammate Nahomi Kawasumi. From 2013, she played for Olympique Lyonnais (2013), AS Elfen Sayama FC (2013), Arsenal WFC (2014), INAC Kobe Leonessa (2015-2017) and Nojima Stella Kanagawa Sagamihara (2018-2019). She retired end of 2019 season.

In August 2002, Ohno was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2002 U-19 World Championship. She played 4 games and scored 3 goals. On January 12, 2003, she debuted for the Japan national team against United States. Her first major tournament was the 2006 Asian Cup, where Japan placed fourth. The following year she played in the 2007 World Cup, but Japan fell in the group stage. She also competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and the 2011 World Cup, where she scored a goal in the group stage match against Mexico as Japan won the championship. Ohno started the final against the United States. She then competed for the Japanese silver medal-winning team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. At 2015 World Cup, Japan won 2nd position. At 2016 Summer Olympics qualifying tournament, following Japan's failure to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics. This qualifying became her last match for Japan. She played 139 games and scored 40 goals for Japan until 2016.

## Statistics
## References
## Other websites
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*Japan Football Association
Stacy Keach

**Walter Stacy Keach, Jr.** (born June 2, 1941 in Savannah, Georgia) is an American television, voice, stage, narrator, and movie actor. He is mostly known for his dramatic roles and guest star appearances. Keach is also known for his role as Ken in *Titus*. Keach is a Golden Globe Award winning actor.

Keach was born in Savannah, Georgia on June 2, 1941 to Mary Cain (née Peckham) and to Walter Stacy Keach. Keach was married four times. First to Kathryn Baker from 1964 until they divorced. Second to Marilyn Aiken from 1975 until they divorced. Thirdly to Jill Donahue from 1981 until they divorced 1986. He has been married to Malgosia Tomassi since 1986.

## References
## Other websites
*Stacy Keach - official website
*
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Dee Wallace

**Deanna Bowers** (born December 14 1948), better known as **Dee Wallace**, is an American actress.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Dee Wallace's Online Acting Studio
Dayana Mendoza

**Dayana Sabrina Mendoza** **Moncada** (born June 1, 1986) is a model and beauty pageant titleholder, who won Miss Venezuela 2007 and Miss Universe 2008. She also received the honor of crowning  Stefanía Fernández as Miss Universe 2009. Eighteen-year-old Fernández was a fellow Venezuelan, and Dayana became the first Miss Universe to crown a compatriot. 

## Personal Life 
Dayana is 34 years old. She won Miss Venezuela 2007, and also Miss Universe 2008.  

### Early Life 
Dayana was born on June 1st, 1986, in Caracas, Venezuela to Willy and Maria Auxiliadora de Mendoza, and has a younger sister called Daniela, and grew up  in the Venezuelan state of Amazonas.    

### Kidnapping 
Dayana was once kidnapped in Venezuela, and stated that its psychological trauma taught her, to remain poised under pressure.

### Marriage 
Young Dayana married Michael Pagano in 2013, when she was just 27 years old. In 2016 their marriage ended, however. They have a daughter, Eva. 
## Career 
In 2001 Dayana signed with Elite modeling agency and paraded in Spain, Italy, France, USA, England, Greece and Germany for Versace, Roberto Cavalli and other designers.

She was the host of the TV show "Relaxed" for the network E! Entertainment Latin America.

She also participated in the fifth season of *The Celebrity Apprentice* (corresponding to the season twelve of *The Apprentice*), a program hosted by Donald Trump. 

### Miss Venezuela 2007
Mendoza beat out 27 other candidates to win Miss Venezuela 2007 on September 13, 2007, in Caracas, and became only the second woman representing the Amazonas state to win, following Carolina Izsak in 1991. 

=== Miss Universe 2008

### Guantanamo Bay visit  
On 27 March 2009, Dayana documented a visit to Guantanamo Bay detention camp on her blog. In it, she was quoted as saying, "Guantanamo was such a relaxing place, so calm and beautiful". She also stated that when she visited the detainees camps, "...we saw the jails, where they shower, how the recreate themselves with movies, classes of art, books. It was very interesting". 

In her home country, Venezuela, the issue became the talk of the town, with the president, Hugo Chávez, reconsidering the praise he had previously given her. The Miss Universe Organization has replied that "...[her] comments on her blog were in reference to the hospitality she received while meeting the members of the U.S. military and their families who are stationed in Guantánamo". On 1 April 2009, the entry vanished from her blog.

## References 
## Other websites 
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*Dayana Mendoza 

### Videos 
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Maurice Sendak

**Maurice Bernard Sendak** (June 10, 1928 – May 8, 2012) was an American writer and illustrator of children's literature. He was best known for his book *Where the Wild Things Are*, which was released in 1963.

## Early and personal life
Sendak was born on June 10, 1928 in Brooklyn, New York City. His parents were Sadie (née Schindler) and Philip Sendak. Sendak was a homosexual and had a partner Dr. Eugene Glynn from 1957 until 2007 when Glynn died.

### Death
Sendak died on May 8, 2012 in his home in Danbury, Connecticut from a stroke. He was 83 years old.
His remains were cremated.

## References
## Other websites
*"TateShots: Maurice Sendak", a five-minute interview, Tate Museum, 22 December 2011; "look back over his literary career, discuss his love for William Blake and hear why he believes that as an artist, 'you just have to take the dive'".
*"Fresh Air Remembers Author Maurice Sendak", *Fresh Air* (NPR), May 8, 2012. With links to/excerpts of interviews in 1986, 1989, 1993, 2003 (re: *Brundibár*), 2009 ("Looking Back On *Wild Things* ...") and 2011 ("This Pig Wants To Party: Maurice Sendak's Latest").
Harrison Ford (silent movie actor)

**Harrison Ford**  (March 16, 1884 &ndash; December 2, 1957) was an American stage and movie actor. He was a leading Broadway theatre performer and a star of the silent film era. 

Ford was born in Kansas City, Missouri on March 16, 1884. Ford died on December 2, 1957 after being run-over by a car in the early 1950s. He was not related to the living actor with the same name. He was married to actress to Beatrice Prentice from 1909 until his death in 1957. Ford died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California after being run over by a car on December 2, 1957, aged 73.

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Megumi Kamionobe

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Kamionobe was born in Yokohama on 15 March 1986. After graduating from Musashigaoka College, she joined Albirex Niigata in 2006. She was selected Best Eleven 5 times (2009, 2010, 2014, 2015 and 2016).

On 1 August 2009, Kamionobe debuted for the Japan national team against France. She was a member Japan's squad for the 2011 and 2015 World Cups. Japan won the World Cup in 2011 and came second in 2015. In Asia, she was also a squad member at the 2010 Asian Games and the 2014 Asian Cup. Japan won the championship at both tournaments. She played 34 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 2016.

## Statistics
## References
## Other websites
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*Japan Football Association
Dana Hill

**Dana Hill** (born **Dana Lynne Goetz**; May 6, 1964-July 15, 1996) was an American voice actress. She has a raspy voice. She starred in television programs and movies, including *Goof Troop* (1992-1993). She died resulting from a stroke that was due to having type 1 diabetes (she was diagnosed at age 10). Hill was born around California.
Harry Harrison

**Harry Harrison** (born **Henry Maxwell Dempsey**; March 12, 1925 – August 15, 2012) was an American science fiction author. He was best known for his character the Stainless Steel Rat and the novel *Make Room! Make Room!* (1966). 

Harrison was born in Stamford, Connecticut. Harrison was married to Joan Merkler Harrison from 1930 until her death in 2002. They had two children. Harrison died on August 15, 2012 in his home in Brighton, England. 

## References
## Other websites
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*Official Harry Harrison News Blog
Maureen McCormick

**Maureen Denise McCormick** (born August 5, 1956) is a television actress. She played the character of Marcia Brady on *The Brady Bunch* starting in 1969 and ending in 1974. She also acted in many other TV series. She wrote an autobiography called ''Here's the Story: Surviving Marcia Brady and Finding My True Voice''.

## Discography
### Studio albums
## References
## Other websites
* 
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Daniel Francois Malan

**Daniel Francois Malan** (May 22 1874 – February 7 1959) also known as D.F. Malan, was Prime Minister of South Africa from 1948 to 1954. He was leader of the National Party, an Afrikaner nationalist political party. Apartheid began as a state policy in South Africa under Malan.

## References
List of introduced molluscs of Venezuela

This is a list of 52 species of molluscs that have been introduced into Venezuela, that are living in the wild, and that have been reported in the literature.
* Marine gastropods: 7 species
* Freshwater gastropods: 5 species
* Land gastropods: 22 species
* Marine bivalves: 18 species
* Estuarine bivalves: 2 species
* Total number of introduced mollusc species: 52
 of *Umbraculum plicatulum*]]

## Gastropoda
### Marine gastropods
Buccinidae
* *Babylonia aerolata* (Link, 1807)
*]]
 of *Pomacea canaliculata*]]
 of *Planorbella duryi*]]

Fasciolariidae
* *Fusinus barbarensis* (Trask, 1855)
* *Fusinus marmoratus* (Phillipi, 1844)
* *Pomacea canaliculata* (Lamarck, 1819)

### Land gastropods
Achatinidae
 of *Achatina fulica*]]
* *Achatina fulica* (Bowdich, 1822)

Arionidae
*]]
* *Arion subfuscus* (Draparnaud, 1805)

Bradybaenidae
* *Bradybaena similaris* (Fèrussac, 1821)

Mactridae
* *Mactronella exoleta* (Gray, 1837)
* *Perna perna* (Linnaeus, 1758)
* *Perna viridis* (Linnaeus, 1758)

Placunidae
* *Placuna placenta* Linnaeus, 1758
Semelidae
* *Cumingia lamellosa* (Sowerby, 1833)
* *Bankia carinata* (Gray, 1827

Mytilidae
 of *Musculista senhousia*]]
* *Musculista senhousia* (Benson, 1842)

## References
## Other websites
* Estudio sobre el estado actual de las Especies Exóticas. Juhani. Ojasti. Obra suministrada por la Secretaría General de la Comunidad Andina. 2001 
* Pérez, Julio E., Alfonsi, Carmen., Salazar, Sinatra K., Macsotay, Oliver., Barrios, Jorge. & Martínez Escarbassiere, Rafael. 2007: Especies marinas exóticas y criptogénicas en las costas de Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela. 46 (1): 79-96.
Godfather's Pizza

'''Godfather's Pizza''' is an American pizza franchise group that was started around around 1973. The restaurant chain is headquartered out of Omaha, Nebraska and sells Italian foods in addition to pizza. The chain sells golden, original and thin crusts depending on the eatery.
Shelley Winters

**Shelley Winters** (**Shirley Schrift** August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American movie actress who appeared in many blockbuster movies such as *Place in the Sun*, *The Big Knife*, *Lolita*, *The Night of the Hunter*, *Alfie*, and *The Poseidon Adventure*. Her career spanned over 50 years until her death in 2006. Winters won Academy Awards for her acting in *The Diary of Anne Frank* and *A Patch of Blue*.

## Early life
Winters was born on August 18, 1920 in St. Louis, Missouri to Rose (née Winter) and to Jonas Schrift. She was raised in Brooklyn, New York City. She was educated at The New School.

## Career
Winters' career began in 1943 in the movie ''There's Something About a Soldier* and since then she appeared in over 100 movies, such as; *Escape in the Fog*, *New Orleans*, *The Greatest Story Ever Told*, *Flap*, *Black Journal*, *Fanny Hill*, *Jury Duty*, and her final movie *A-List''.

### Awards and nominations
Winters has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame in 1992.

## Personal life
Winters was married to Paul Meyer from 1937 until they divorced in 1948. Later she married Vittorio Gassman from 1949 until they divorced in 1954. Thirdly she married Anthony Franciosa from 1957 until they divorced in 1960. Lastly she married Gerry DeFord from 2006 until her death in 2006. Winters only had one child with Grassman.

### Death
Winters died on January 14, 2006 in at a hospital in Beverly Hills, California home from heart failure, she was 85 years old. Five days later, her ex-husband Anthony Franciosa died from a stroke.

## References
## Other websites
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Jewish languages

, showing (right to left) Yiddish-Hebrew-Latin-German words that mean the same thing.]] 
**Jewish languages** are the various languages and dialects that developed in Jewish communities around the world.

## History
Although Hebrew was the daily speech of the Jewish people for centuries, by the 5th century, the closely related Aramaic joined Hebrew as the spoken language in Judea where the ancient Jews, "Judeans", where the word "Jew" comes from, lived. By the 3rd century Jews of the diaspora (Jewish people outside of their country) were speaking Greek, and soon afterwards Hebrew was no longer used as a first language - for over sixteen centuries being used almost only as a liturgical language (for prayer) until revived as a spoken language by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda in the Palestine of the late 1880s and eventually becoming the official language of the state of Israel.

## Development
For centuries Jews worldwide spoke the local or dominant languages of the regions they migrated to, often developing distinctive dialectal forms or branching off as independent languages.

The usual way these languages developed was through the addition of Hebrew words, phrases, and sometimes grammar used to express uniquely Jewish concepts and concerns. Often they were written in Hebrew letters, including the block letters used in Hebrew today and Rashi script. Due to the isolated nature of many Jewish communities, many Jewish languages retained archaic (old) vocabulary and linguistic structures of the language from which they descended long after they had been lost or changed in later forms of the parent language.

## Widely spoken
Among the most widely spoken Jewish languages to develop in the diaspora are Yiddish, Ladino, and the Judæo-Arabic group of languages. Yiddish is the Judeo-German language developed by Ashkenazi Jews who migrated to Central Europe, and Ladino, also called Judezmo and Muestra Spanyol (our Spanish), is the Judeo-Spanish language developed by Sephardic Jews who lived in the Iberian peninsula. 

Many ancient and distinct Jewish languages, including Gruzinic (Jewish Georgian), Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Berber, Krymchak (Jewish Uzbek) and Judeo-Malayalam (a kind of Indian language) have largely fallen out of use due the impact of the Holocaust on European Jewry, the Jewish exodus from Arab lands, the assimilation policies of Israel in its early days and other factors.
 
Yiddish was the language spoken by the largest number of Jews in the 1850s, but today the three most commonly spoken languages among Jews are English, modern Hebrew, and Russian&mdash;in that order. Some people think that since Jews who use English and Russian have a lot of Jewish things to say and ways to say them, one day there might be a Judeo-English and maybe Judeo-Russian language.
## References
Ron Palillo

**Ronald Gabriel "Ron" Palillo** (April 2, 1949 – August 14, 2012) was an American television and movie actor, who is best known for his role as high school student Arnold Dingfelder Horshack on the ABC sitcom *Welcome Back, Kotter*, from 1975 to 1979.

Palillo was born in Cheshire, Connecticut on April 2, 1949.  He was educated at University of Connecticut. Palillo died on August 14, 2012 from a heart attack in his Palm Beach, Florida home.  He was 63 years old. He is survived by his partner of 41 years, Joseph Gramm.

## References
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Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom

**Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom** (also spelled Strydom) also known as J.G. Strydom or Hans Strydom (July 14 1893-August 24 1958) nicknamed *the Lion of the North*, was Prime Minister of South Africa from 30 November 1954 to 24 August 1958. He was an Afrikaner nationalist, as well as a supporter and defender of apartheid, which was invented by the previous Prime Minister, Daniel Francois Malan.
## References
Phyllis Thaxter

**Phyllis St. Felix Thaxter** (November 20, 1921 &ndash; August 14, 2012) was an American stage and movie actress. She was known for playing Superman's mother in the 1978 movie *Superman*, and as Ellen Lawson in *Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo*.

## Early life
Thaxter was born on November 20, in 1921. in Portland, Maine to Sidney Thaxter and to his wife.

## Career
She had worked a lot on Broadway since 1940. When Dorothy McGuire went to Hollywood, Phyllis replaced her in the play Claudia. In 1944, she signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Her first movie was with Van Johnson in the wartime movie *Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo*. Thaxter played Joan Alris Ellis, a woman suffering from split personality in the movie *Bewitched* in 1945. In 1948, she played a cattle owner's daughter alongside Barbara Bel Geddes in *Blood on the Moon*. 

At MGM, she routinely portrayed the ever-patient wife to a number of leading men. She moved to Warner Brothers in the 1950s, but usually played the same type of roles.

Thaxter's career ended for a while after being ill of polio in 1952. She made a comeback on the television series in *Rawhide*. She would later appear on other television programs such as; *Wagon Train*, *The Twilight Zone*, and *Alfred Hitchcock Presents*. In 1978, Thaxter was cast along with Glenn Ford as Ma and Pa Kent in *Superman*.

## Personal life
Thaxter was married to James Thomas Aubrey, Jr. from 1944 until they divorced in 1962. They had a son and a daughter. She was married to Gilbert Lea from 1962 until his death in 2008.

### Death
Thaxter died on August 14, 2012 in her home in Longwood, Florida from Alzheimer's disease, aged 90. She had the disease for eight years. She was cremated and her ashes were thrown to the sea.

## Movies
* *Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo* (1944)
* *Bewitched* (1945)
* *Week-End at the Waldorf* (1945)
* *Tenth Avenue Angel* (1946)
* *The Sea of Grass* (1947)
* *Living in a Big Way* (1947)
* *Blood on the Moon* (1948)
* *Act of Violence* (1948)
* *No Man of Her Own* (1950)
* *The Breaking Point* (1950)
* *Jim Thorpe -- All-American* (1951)
* *Fort Worth* (1951)
* *Springfield Rifle* (1952)
* *Wagon Train* (1959)
* ''Women's Prison* (1955)
* *The World of Henry Orien* (1964)
* *The Invaders* (TV series), Season 2/21, Episode: "The Peacemaker" (1968)
* *Superman'' (1978)

## References
## Other websites
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* 
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Murder of JonBenét Ramsey

**JonBenét Patricia Ramsey** (August 6, 1990December 25, 1996) was an American child beauty pageant queen. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia and moved to Boulder, Colorado when she was nine months old. She was strangled in her house in Boulder. Her murder remains unsolved. Alexis Reich falsely confessed to the murder in 2006.

## References
Rhea Perlman

**Rhea Jo Perlman** (born March 31, 1948) is an American television, movie actress, and writer. She is best known for her role as Carla Tortelli in *Cheers*. She was born in Brooklyn, New York City. Perlman is married to actor Danny DeVito. They have three children together. Perlman has won four Emmy Awards.

## References
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Thomas Kretschmann

**Thomas Kretschmann** (Born 8 September 1962 in Dessau, East Germany) is a German movie, television, voice actor best known for playing Leutnant Hans von Witzland in the 1993 film *Stalingrad*, Hauptmann Wilm Hosenfeld in *The Pianist*, Hermann Fegelein in *Der Untergang*, Captain Englehorn in the 2005 remake of *King Kong*, *Valkyrie*, and voicing Professor Z in *Cars 2*. 

Kretschmann was born on September 8, 1962 in Dessau, East Germany. Kretschmann had a partner Lena Roklin from 1997 until they split-up in 2009, they had three children. Kretschmann currently lives in Malibu, California and Los Angeles, California.

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Anthony Franciosa

**Anthony Franciosa** (**Anthony George Papaleo** October 25, 1928 – January 19, 2006) was an American movie, TV, and stage actor, usually known as **Tony Franciosa** during his career. 

He made some movies such as; *Career* (1959) for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor/Drama. In television he is known for his lead roles in five well-known TV shows as; the sitcom ''Valentine's Day* (1964–65), the drama series *The Name of the Game* (1968–71), *Search* (1972–73), *Matt Helm* (1975) and *Finder of Lost Loves* (1984). Franciosa received a Tony Award nomination for his role in the play *A Hatful of Rain''.

Franciosa was born in New York City, New York on October 25, 1928. 

Franciosa was married to Beatrice Bakalyar from 1952 until it ended in divorce in 1957. Secondly he married Shelley Winters from 1957 until they divorced in 1960. Thirdly he married Judy Balaban from 1961 until they divorced in 1967. Lastly he married Rita Thiel from 1970 until his death in 2006.

Franciosa suffered a stroke on the day his ex-wife Shelley Winters died on January 14, 2006. Franciosa died five days after Winters' death on January 19, 2006 from a stroke at the UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, he was 77 years old. He is survived by his wife Rita, his three children, and his two grandchildren. His remains were later cremated.

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Saori Ariyoshi

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Ariyoshi was born in Saga on November 1, 1987. In 2008, when she was at Nippon Sport Science University, she debuted in the Nadeshiko League for TEPCO Mareeze. After graduating, she joined Nippon TV Beleza (later *Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza*) in 2010. She played 175 matches for the club. She was selected for the Best Eleven four years in a row, from 2013 to 2016). In 2021, she moved to Omiya Ardija Ventus with teammate Mizuho Sakaguchi.

In February 2012, Ariyoshi was selected the Japan national team for 2012 Algarve Cup. At this competition, on February 29, she debuted against Norway. In 2014, she played at 2014 Asian Cup and 2014 Asian Games. Japan won the championship at Asian Cup and the 2nd place at Asian Games. In 2015, played at 2015 World Cup and Japan won the 2nd place. She played 6 matches and scored a goal. She was named candidates for the Golden Ball at the tournament. She was also a member for 2018 Asian Cup and Japan won their second consecutive title. She played 65 games and scored 1 goals for Japan until 2019.

## Statistics
## References
## Other websites
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*Japan Football Association
John Lasseter

**John Alan Lasseter** (born January 12, 1957) is an American animator, movie director and the former chief creative officer at Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios. He was also the Principal Creative Advisor for Walt Disney Imagineering. Lasseter bought Pixar from the late Steve Jobs. He eventually left Pixar and Disney due to allegations of sexual harassment. Lasseter has been married to Nancy Lasseter since 1979. He was born in Hollywood, California.

## Movies
## References
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Outrage (movie)

***Outrage*** is a movie that came out in 2010. *Autoreiji* is the movie's original title in Japan. Takeshi Kitano is the director. It has a restricted rating. It is 109 minutes long. It is a crime drama. It is about Tokyo's yakuza clans. It has a little sexual content. It competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.

## Other websites 
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Jordana Brewster

**Jordana Brewster** (, born April 26, 1980) is an American actress. She began acting during her late teens starting with the soap opera *All My Children*. Later, Brewster began acting in movies and television programs. These include *The Fast and the Furious* series of movies. Brewster was born in Panama City, Panama. Her father is American. Her mother is Brazilian. She grew up in Brazil and London before moving to New York at age 10.

## Early life
Brewster was born in Panama City, Panama, the daughter of Maria João (née Leal de Sousa), a former *Sports Illustrated* swimsuit model from Brazil, and Alden Brewster, an American investment banker.

## Filmography
## Sources
## Other websites
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*
Regina King

**Regina King** (born January 15, 1971 in Los Angeles) is an American movie and television actress and model. She began acting in 1985 with NBC's situation comedy *227*, on which program she stayed until 1990. She has performed in many movies, including *Jerry Maguire*, *Boyz n the Hood* (1991) and *Higher Learning* (1995). She voiced both Huey and Riley Freeman in the Adult Swim television series *The Boondocks*.
Poetic Justice

***Poetic Justice*** is a 1993 urban drama movie. It stars Tupac Shakur, Regina King and Janet Jackson. It is about poems from the poet Maya Angelou. *Poetic Justice* received mixed to negative reviews, though received close to $28 million while in theaters.
Wave function

In quantum mechanics, the **Wave function**, usually represented by *Ψ*, or *ψ*, describes the probability of finding an electron somewhere in its matter wave. To be more precise, the *square* of the wave function gives the probability of finding the location of the electron in the given area, since the normal answer for the wave function is usually a complex number. The wave function concept was first introduced in the Schrödinger equation.  

## Mathematical interpretation 
The formula for finding the wave function (i.e., the probability wave), is below:

i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Psi(\mathbf{x},\,t)=\hat H \Psi(\mathbf{x},\,t)

where *i* is the imaginary number, *ψ (x,t)* is the wave function, *ħ* is the reduced Planck constant, *t* is time, *x* is position in space, *Ĥ* is a mathematical object known as the *Hamiltonian operator*. The reader will note that the symbol \frac{\partial}{\partial t} denotes that the partial derivative of the wave function is being taken.

### Probabilistic nature 
Note that the wave in question, commonly referred to as Schrodinger's Wave, "is not in physical space", and does not give the probability of where an object is -- the object has no physical existence.  The wave function gives "the probability that if you look, you will *observe* (emphasis mine) the object at a particular place".  When nothing disturbs it, an electron does not exist in any place.  "Quantum mechanics brings probability to the heart of the evolution of things."

## References
## Related pages 
*Schrödinger equation
*Quantum mechanics
*Bohr model
John Turturro

**John Michael Turturro** (born February 28, 1957) is an American movie and television, voice actor, writer and director known for his roles in the movies; *Do the Right Thing* (1989), ''Miller's Crossing* (1990), *Barton Fink* (1991), *Quiz Show* (1994), *The Big Lebowski* (1998), *O Brother, Where Art Thou?* (2000) and *the Transformers movie series*. He has appeared in over sixty films, and has worked mostly with the Coen brothers, Adam Sandler and Spike Lee. Turturro also starred in Disney/Pixar *Cars 2*. He played Carmine Falcone in the 2022 movie *The Batman''.

Turturro was born in Brooklyn, New York on February 28, 1957. Turturro is currently married to Katherine Borowitz since 1985, they have two children. 

## Filmography
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Partial derivative

In multivariable calculus, the **partial derivative** of a function is the derivative of one variable when all other variables are held constant. In other words, a partial derivative takes the derivative of certain variables of a function while not differentiating other variable(s). Partial derivatives are often used in multivariable functions. 

For partial derivatives of function *f* with respect to variable *x*, the notation 

\frac{\partial f}{\partial x},  f_x, \partial_x f

is standard, but other notations are sometimes used.

## Examples 
If we have a function f(x, y)=x^2+y, then there are several partial derivatives of *f(x, y)* that are all equally valid. For example,

:\frac{\partial }{\partial y}[f(x, y)]=1

Or, we can do the following:

:\frac{\partial}{\partial x}[f(x, y)]=2x

## Related pages
*Difference quotient
*Partial differential equation

## References
Kathy Ireland

**Kathleen Marie "Kathy" Ireland** (born March 20, 1963 in Glendale, California) is an American fashion model, actress and businesswoman. She has been featured in *Sports Illustrated* swimsuit issue thirteen times and been on the cover three times. She also acted in several movies and television programs. Her licensing company, Kathy Ireland Worldwide, is responsible for most of her approximately $420 million wealth.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
String (physics)

In string theory and theoretical physics, **strings** are hypothetical objects that are believed to be the elementary particles of the universe. If they exist, they would not be point-like particles, but rather 1-dimensional "strings" of energy that vibrate in various dimensions. The image to the right illustrates the various possible dimensions that a string could vibrate in. (Currently, physicists accept the fact that there are at least 11 dimensions in our universe: 1 time dimension and 10 spatial dimensions.) The length of the strings would be determined by Planck length:

:e_p=\sqrt{\frac{\hbar G}{c^3}}

It is still not known whether these strings actually exist. They are the main topic of string theory.

## Related pages
*String theory

*Calabi-Yau manifold

*M-theory
Melissa Manchester

**Melissa Manchester** (born February 15, 1951 in the Bronx, New York) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She has acted in several movies. She has received several awards during her musical career, which began in the late 1960s.

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Blythe Danner

**Blythe Katherine Danner** (born February 3, 1943) is an American actress. She is the widow of movie director Bruce Paltrow. She is the mother of actress Gwyneth Paltrow and director Jake Paltrow. She has starred in many Broadway plays and movies.

## Early life
Danner was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is the daughter of Katharine (née Kile) and Harry Earl Danner, a bank executive. She has a brother, opera singer/actor Harry Danner, a sister, performer-turned-director Dorothy (Dottie) Danner, and a half-brother, violin maker William Moennig. Danner is of part Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry, and one of her great-grandmothers was born in Barbados (a White Barbadian).

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Walter Slezak

**Walter Slezak** (3 May 1902 – 21 April 1983) was an Austrian television and movie actor who appeared in many movies. Slezak mostly played villains or thugs, most notably the German U-boat captain in Alfred Hitchcock's movie *Lifeboat* (1944), but occasionally he got to play lighter roles, as in *The Wonderful World* of the *Brothers Grimm* (1962). He also played a cheerfully corrupt and philosophical private detective in the film noir *Born to Kill* (1947) and appeared as Squire Trelawney in *Treasure Island* (1972). He is also known for playing the Clock King in *Batman* (1966). Slezak won a Tony Award in 1955.

Slezak was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. Slezak was married to Johanna Van Rijn from 1943 until his death in 1983. They had three children. Slezak died on April 21, 1983 after he shot himself in his home in Flower Hill, New York. He is buried in Rottach-Egern, Germany.

## Movies
**Sodom and Gomorrah* (1922)
**Michael* (1924)
**Addio giovinezza* (1927)
**Once Upon a Honeymoon* (1942)
**This Land Is Mine* (1943)
**The Fallen Sparrow* (1943)
**Lifeboat* (1944)
**The Princess and the Pirate* (1944)
**Step Lively* (1944)
**The Spanish Main* (1945)
**Cornered* (1945)
**Sinbad the Sailor* (1947)
**Born to Kill* (1947)
**Riffraff* (1947)
**The Pirate* (1948)
**The Inspector General* (1949)
**Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion* (1950)
**The Yellow Cab Man* (1950)
**Bedtime for Bonzo* (1951)
**People Will Talk* (1951)
**Call Me Madam* (1953)
**White Witch Doctor* (1953)
**The Miracle* (1959)
**Come September* (1961)
**The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm* (1962)
**Wonderful Life*(US title: ''Swingers' Paradise* 1964)
**Dr. Coppelius* (1966)
**Heidi* (1968)
**Black Beauty* (1971)
**Treasure Island'' (1972)

## References
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*Photographs and literature