open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hyloxalus maculosus

The **spotted rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus maculosus*) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body
The adult male frog is 19.5–24.9 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 22.4–29.0 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back has three big spots and more small spots. Adult male frogs have gray or brown color on their necks and chests and bellies. Adult female frogs have brown or cream-white color on their necks and chests and white and clear color on their bellies.
## Name
Scientists named this frog *maculosus* for "spotted" or "with a pattern on it." They named it for the color of its back.
## Home
Scientists have seen this frog in forests where the weather is hot and wet. These forests can be high up in the mountains. People have seen this frog between 342 and 1225 meters above sea level.  These frogs are awake during the day. People see them in small streams that have rocks on the bottom [instead of sand or mud].
Scientists saw this frog near two protected parks, Parque Nacional Llanganates and Parque Nacional Sangay, but they do not know if the frog lives in the parks.

## Young
The male frog sits under a rock or in a crack in a rock and calls to the female frogs. The female frog lays her eggs in dead leaves on the ground. The male frog watches the eggs until they hatch. Then he carries the tadpoles to streams where they swim and grow.
The tadpoles are partially clear with brown spots and a brown stripe on the back. There are two light spots on the mouth.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out because people cut down forests to get wood to build with and to make farms and places for cows to eat grass. Bad chemicals in the water can kill this frog too.

## First paper
*

## References
Chase Oliver 2024 presidential campaign

The **2024 presidential campaign of Chase Oliver** formally began on April 4, 2023, after the formation of an exploratory committee in December 2022. 

Chase Oliver officially received the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party on May 26, 2024. Oliver is a libertarian political activist. He was the Libertarian nominee in the 2022 United States Senate election in Georgia and the 2020 Georgia's 5th congressional district special election.

## References
Butch Ware

**Rudolph "Butch" T. Ware III** is an American historian and politician. He is the vice presidential nominee of the Green Party in the 2024 United States presidential election.

His studies focuses on West Africa and he works at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He formerly taught at the University of Michigan and before then at Northwestern University.

## References
Sweet and sour chicken

**Sweet and sour chicken** is an American Chinese food. It is made out of fried, battered chicken covered with sauce. The sauce was invented by Chinese chefs in the United States of America in the 1800s.
## Ingredients
Sweet and sour chicken is made covering chicken pieces in batter and deep frying them. The cooked chicken is covered in "sweet and sour sauce". This sauce usually includes canned pineapple juice, vinegar, ketchup and spices.

## References
Melina Abdullah

**Melina Reimann Abdullah** (born 1972) is an American academic, activist and politician who is an Independent candidate for Vice President of the United States in the 2024 election.

Abdullah is the former chair of the department of Pan-African Studies at California State University, Los Angeles. She is a co-founder of the Los Angeles chapter of Black Lives Matter and Black Lives Matter Grassroots.

She has hosted three local radio shows, "Move the Crowd" and "Beautiful Struggle" on KPFK and "This Is Not a Drill" on KBLA.

On April 10, 2024, independent presidential candidate Cornel West announced Abdullah as his running mate for the 2024 election.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Black Community, Clergy and Labor Alliance (BCCLA)
* Los Angeles Community Action Network (LA-CAN)
* Strategic Concepts in Organizing and Policy Education (SCOPE)
* LA Progressive
* 
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Healthcare in the United States

**Healthcare in the United States** is largely given by private sector healthcare comapnies, and paid for by a mix of public programs, private insurance, and out-of-pocket payments. The U.S. is the only developed country without a system of universal healthcare, and a significant part of its population does not have health insurance. 

The United States spends more on healthcare than any other country. Coverage is different across the population, with some groups, such as the elderly and low-income individuals, receiving more options for care through government programs such as Medicaid and Medicare.

## References
Egg roll

**Egg roll**s are a type of Chinese food. They are made by wrapping chopped meat and vegetables in a thin dough, and then frying them. Egg rolls are similar to spring rolls, a similar food made with a thinner dough wrapper.
## References
Local regression

**Local regression** or **local polynomial regression**, also known as **moving regression**, is a general statement of the moving average and polynomial regression.

It is used for scatterplot smoothing. They are also known as **LOESS** (**locally estimated scatterplot smoothing**) and **LOWESS** (**locally weighted scatterplot smoothing**), both pronounced   in this care. They are two strongly related non-parametric regression methods.

In some fields, LOESS is known and commonly known as Savitzky–Golay filter.

## References
Chicken parmesan

**Chicken parmesan** is an Italian-American food made out of fried chicken breast which is covered in tomato sauce and cheese. Chicken parmesan was invented in the United States of America by immigrants from Italy. The dish was inspired by eggplant parmesan, a similar food which was made in Italy.

## References
Clessidromma

***Clessidromma*** is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle. It currently contains a single species ***Clessidromma palmeri.***
## References
Butter chicken

**Butter chicken** is a type of South Asian food. It is made by cooking pieces of tandoori chicken in a curry sauce made with tomatoes, butter and spices. The food was invented at a restaurant in Old Delhi founded by two Punjabi refugees who fled Peshawar, British India during the Partition of India in 1947.
## References
Royal Palace of El Pardo

The **Royal Palace of El Pardo** (, ) is one of the official residences of the Spanish royal family and one of the oldest, being used by the Spanish monarchs since Henry III of Castile in the 15th century. 

The palace began as a royal hunting lodge on the hill of El Pardo. It became another residence of the kings of Spain until the reign of King Alfonso XII of Spain.

## References
SAS Institute

**SAS Institute** (pronounced "sass") is an American software company in Cary, North Carolina. The company makes a software system that is also called "SAS". It is used for machine learning, artificial intelligence and data management.
## History
The name "SAS" is short for "Statistical Analysis System". James Goodnight, Anthony James Barr, John Sall and Jane Helwig founded SAS Institute in 1976 to distribute the SAS software. Barr, Goodnight, and Sall worked together in North Carolina State University's agricultural department to create the SAS software system.

The company develops software used for generative artificial intelligence and natural language processing.

## Related pages
* SAS language

## References
Dante's Peak

'''''Dante's Peak''''' is a 1997 American disaster movie directed by Roger Donaldson, written by Leslie Bohem, and starring Pierce Brosnan, and Linda Hamilton.

The movie is set in the fictional town of Dante's Peak in Washington state, where the inhabitants have to flee from a volcanic eruption of a long dormant stratovolcano that has suddenly woken up.

The movie was shot on location in the town of Wallace, Idaho, which stands in for the fictional town of Dante's Peak in Washington state. Many of Wallace's inhabitants played extras for the movie.

The movie was released on February 7, 1997, under the production of Universal Pictures and Pacific Western Productions.

It got mixed reviews from movie critics, but was an average success financially at the box office.

## Related pages 
* *Volcano* – another volcano-based movie released in 1997

## References 
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Deep Impact (movie)

***Deep Impact*** is a 1998 American science fiction disaster movie directed by Mimi Leder, written by Bruce Joel Rubin and Michael Tolkin, and starring Robert Duvall, Téa Leoni, Elijah Wood, Vanessa Redgrave, Maximilian Schell, and Morgan Freeman. Steven Spielberg was an executive producer of this movie. It was released by Paramount Pictures in North America and by DreamWorks Pictures internationally on May 8, 1998.

The movie shows the attempts to prepare for and destroy a  wide comet set to collide with Earth and cause a mass extinction.

*Deep Impact* was released in the same summer as the similarly themed *Armageddon*, which earned more at the box office, while astronomers described *Deep Impact* as being more accurate.

Both movies got similar mixed reviews by movie critics, with *Armageddon* scoring 43% and *Deep Impact* scoring 45% on Rotten Tomatoes. *Deep Impact* did very well at the box office, earning over $349.5 million worldwide on an $80 million movie budget, becoming the sixth highest-earning movie of 1998.

## Related pages 
* Impact event
* Impact crater

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
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Deep Impact

**Deep Impact** may mean:
* *Deep Impact* (movie), a 1998 disaster movie
* Deep Impact (horse), a Japanese racehorse
* *Deep Impact* (spacecraft), a NASA spacecraft launched in 2005

## Related pages
* Impact event
Muhammad Shafi Deobandi

**Mufti Muhammad Shafi Deobandi** (1897 – 6 October 1976) was a prominent Islamic scholar and a leading figure in the Deobandi movement. He was the father of renowned scholars, Muhammad Rafi Usmani and Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani, a globally respected Islamic jurist, scholar, and expert in Islamic finance.

## Early life and education 
Mufti Muhammad Shafi was born in 1897 in Deoband, British India. He pursued his early education at local schools before enrolling in the renowned Darul Uloom Deoband, where he studied under notable scholars such as Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. His academic foundation at Darul Uloom was pivotal in shaping his scholarly contributions.

## Career 
Mufti Muhammad Shafi served as the Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband and authored numerous Islamic books, including ''Maariful Qur'an'', a widely regarded commentary on the Quran in Urdu. After migrating to Pakistan following the partition of India, he founded the Darul Uloom Karachi, one of Pakistan's largest Islamic seminaries. His leadership and educational efforts significantly impacted Islamic scholarship in the region.

## Notable works 
Mufti Shafi Deobandi was a prolific writer who contributed extensively to Islamic literature. His most notable work, ''Maariful Qur'an'', remains a key reference for Quranic interpretation. His writings on Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and fatwas continue to be influential in Islamic legal and theological discussions.

## Legacy 
Mufti Muhammad Shafi's scholarly contributions, particularly in the fields of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and tafsir (Quranic interpretation), continue to influence scholars and students worldwide. His son, Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani, has carried forward his legacy by becoming one of the leading contemporary scholars in Islamic finance and Shariah law. His influence remains significant in Islamic scholarship and practice.

## References
List of chicken dishes

This is a list of foods made out of chicken meat. There are many chicken dishes, because chicken is one of the most popular kinds of meat in the world. The only meat that is more popular is pork, from pigs.

## List of chicken dishes
* Almond chicken
* Butter chicken
* Cordon Bleu
* Chicken fingers
* Chicken katsu
* Chicken Kiev
* Chicken marsala
* Chicken nuggets
* Chicken paprikash
* Chicken parmesan
* Chicken pot pie
* Chicken sandwich
* Chicken soup
* Chicken tikka
* Chicken tikka masala
* Chicken and waffles
* Chicken wing
* Chicken vindaloo
* Coq au vin
* Fried chicken
* General Tso's chicken
* Hainanese chicken rice
* Hot chicken
* Hot wings
* Orange chicken
* Poularde Albufera
* Samgyetang
* Sannzoku-yaki
* Sesame chicken
* Sweet and sour chicken
* Tandoori chicken

## Pictures of chicken dishes

File:Flickr preppybyday 4665999863--General Tso's Chicken.jpg|General Tso's chicken (chicken and spicy sauce)
File:Cordonbleu.jpg|Cordon Bleu (breaded chicken stuffed with ham and cheese
File:Max's Roasted Chicken - Evan Swigart.jpg|Roasted chicken
File:Fried-Chicken-Set.jpg|Fried chicken
File:Chicken Noodle Soup.jpg|Chicken soup

## References
Nicolás Romero Municipality

**Nicolás Romero Municipality** is a municipality in the state of Mexico in Mexico. The municipal seat is the city of Nicolás Romero.

## Other websites 
*
Robert Winters

**Robert Winters** was a Canadian politician who belonged to the Liberal Party of Canada. According to one biography, Winters was ideologically “very much a Mackenzie King Liberal, slightly left of centre but not a social progressive like his older contemporaries Norman Rogers, Paul Martin or Ian Mackenzie; and he was a fiscal conservative.” In addition, he has been described as “conservative in matters of finance and economics but liberal or a centrist in everything else.” 

In 1968, Winters stood for the leadership of his party. He differed philosophically from Pierre Trudeau, his rival in the contest. Winters believed in limiting the role of government, according to one biography, “to assisting the private sector develop the economy.” By contrast, Trudeau was a believer in government intervention. In the end, Winters lost to Trudeau.

## References
Hansa Session

***Hansa Session*** is a acoustic and string quartet extended play made by Chvrches, The songs are from their third album *Love Is Dead*.

The *Hansa Session* EP was released on 16 November 2018 as digital download and on 14 December 2018 as a limited edition 10" vinyl.

## Track listing
## References
Chicken Kiev

**Chicken Kiev**, sometimes spelled **chicken Kyiv**, is a Russian dish. It is made by frying a thin piece of chicken that has been stuffed with butter and covered in breadcrumbs.

## History
Chicken Kiev is named after the city of Kyiv, Ukraine but it was not invented in Ukraine. It was invented by Russian chefs who had gone to France to learn how to cook. The chefs learned a way to prepare breaded veal cutlets, although they started using chicken instead. Chicken Kiev was brought to the United States of America by immigrants, and became a very popular food there.

## Ingredients
Chicken Kiev is made by taking a piece of chicken breast and pounding it flat. The flattened chicken is wrapped around butter and herbs and covered in breadcrumbs before being fried. American and British versions of chicken Kiev also put garlic and basil inside. Russian versions put cheese inside. Ukrainian chefs include only butter inside and have a special way of preparing it so that the butter does not splash out when it is cut.

## Related pages
* Cordon Bleu

## References
Generative artificial intelligence

]]
**Generative artificial intelligence** or **generative AI** is a type of artificial intelligence that is designed to create new things. This can include writing words, creating pictures, videos, and music. A generative AI model learns how to do this by studying large amounts of example information (called data) that is given to it in a process called "training". This process lets it create new things that are similar to the information it studied. ChatGPT is one famous type of generative AI.

Generative AI's are not alive and can not think for themselves like a person, but the text and videos they create can sometimes trick people into thinking that the AI is alive.

## Related pages
* Generative adversarial networks

## References
S (programming language)

**S** is a high-level programming language which is used to analyze statistics. The paid software programs called S-PLUS are based on the S language. Other programming languages, including  the free R language, are based on S.
## History
The S language was developed in the 1970s at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers and other programmers including Trevor Hastie.

## References
True Romance (Charli XCX album)

***True Romance*** is Charli XCX's first studio album. The album contains singles like "Nuclear Seasons", "You (Ha Ha Ha)", "You're the One".

## Track listing
**Notes**
*  signifies a vocal producer
*  signifies an additional producer
* On the digital edition and vinyl repress of the album, "Set Me Free" is titled "Set Me Free (Feel My Pain)".

**Sample credits**
* "You (Ha Ha Ha)" samples "You" by Gold Panda.
* "So Far Away" samples "A Dream Goes On Forever" and "An Elpee's Worth of Toons" by Todd Rundgren.

## Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of *True Romance*.

### Musicians
* Charli XCX – vocals
* Tom Boddy – additional programming ; album remixes
* Andrew Wilkinson – additional programming 
* Dimitri Tikovoi – programming 
* Louise Burns – additional vocals 
* Brooke Candy – vocals 
* Hal Ritson – additional keyboards, programming 
* Richard Adlam – additional keyboards, programming 
* Miriam Stockley – additional backing vocals 

### Technical
* Ariel Rechtshaid – production ; additional production 
* Rich Costey – mixing 
* Chris Kasych – mixing assistance, Pro Tools engineering 
* Jocke Åhlund – production 
* Mark "Spike" Stent – vocal production ; mixing 
* Matty Green – mixing assistance 
* David Emery – mixing assistance 
* Dimitri Tikovoi – production 
* Blood Diamonds – production 
* Dan Aslet – vocal production ; mixing 
* Neil Comber – mixing 
* Paul White – production 
* J£zus Million – production ; mixing 
* Patrik Berger – production 
* Dave Bascombe – mixing 
* Stuart Hawkes – mastering
* Jeremy Cooper – editing

### Artwork
* Andy Hayes – design
* Dan Curwin – photography

## Charts
## Release history
## References
Coq au vin

**Coq au vin** is a French stew made with chicken, wine, bacon, and vegetables.

## History
The name means "rooster in wine" in French. The first book to mention coq au vin was *Cookery for English Households*, a cookbook from 1864. It existed for a long time before this, but most stories about the invention of coq au vin are myths.

## Ingredients
Coq au vin is made by cooking onions and garlic in butter in a pot. Pieces of chicken, bacon and mushrooms are then added to the pot. Once the meat has cooked, wine is poured in to make a broth. The stew is simmered in the pot until it is ready to eat. Most recipes use red wine, but in some parts of France they use other types of wine.

## References
British Columbia Highway 12

**Highway 12** or British Columbia Highway 12, opened in 1953, is a road from the Trans-Canada Highway at Lytton to the town of Lillooet, one of two roads between the Thompson-Nicola and Squamish-Lillooet Regional Districts. When a portion of the highway was paved in 1992, the section between Highway 97 and Lillooet was renamed as Highway 99.

## References
Wisconsin Bell

**Wisconsin Telephone Company** (the corporate name before 1984; **Wisconsin Bell** 1984 and after) is the Regional Bell Operating Company in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It does business as AT&T Inc. Previous owners were the original AT&T, Ameritech (1984 to 1999), and SBC Communications (1999 to 2005 or 2006).

In late 1993, Ameritech removed all the state Bell names from corporate status. Ameritech became the corporate name. However, the state names were later revived through SBC Communications or AT&T in the 2000s. Wisconsin Bell and the four others, Indiana Bell, Michigan Bell, Ohio Bell and Illinois Bell Telephone Companies now do business as the "new" AT&T.

The AT&T Center headquarters are in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

## References
Hyloxalus peculiaris

The **funny rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus peculiaris*) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body
The adult male frog is about 26.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 29.0–29.8 mm long.  The frog has two marks on its chest and throat. The skin of the frog's belly and throat is brown in color.

## Home
Scientists saw this frog in a forest on a mountain 2195 meters above sea level.  This is a cloud forest, where between 1000 and 2000 mm of rain or other weather falls every year, and the temperature is between 18 and 24°C.

Scientists saw this frog in a protected park: Parque Nacional Rio Negro Sopladora.

## Young
Scientists are not sure how the frog makes its young,but they think the tadpoles swim in streams.

## Danger
Scientists caught and looked at four adult frogs in 1962, but they have not seen more of them since then. Scientists think the frogs could all be dead now. If they are not all dead, then only 250 or fewer are alive today, all living in the same place.  Human beings keep changing that place by cutting down trees to make farms and get wood to build with. Because of this, scientists say the frog is critically endangered, or in very big danger of dying out.

## References
Internet traffic

**Internet traffic** is the movement of information through the Internet. Most internet traffic occurs through networks maintained by only a few internet service providers. There was a time in the 1990s when the amount of internet traffic doubled every few months, but it grows much more slowly now.

## References
Chicken paprikash

**Chicken paprikash** is a Hungarian stew made with chicken meat that is seasoned with paprika. The food was brought to the United States by Hungarian Jewish immigrants.
## Ingredients
Chicken paprikash is made by cooking chicken pieces in a small amount of butter. Then, the chicken is added to a broth made out of water, paprika, garlic and other spices.
## References
Daniela Bianchi

**Daniela Bianchi** (born 31 January 1942) is an Italian former actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who had a successful Hollywood career. She was crowned Miss Universo Italia in 1960. She represented her country at Miss Universe 1960 where she placed 1st Runner-Up. She is best known for the role of Bond girl Tatiana Romanova in the 1963 movie *From Russia with Love*.

## Bond girl
In 1963, she starred as Bond girl Tatiana Romanova, a Soviet cipher clerk sent to trap James Bond in the 1963 movie *From Russia with Love*. Her voice in *From Russia with Love* was dubbed by Barbara Jefford because of Bianchi's heavy accent.

In another movie she was in, *O.K. Connery*, was a James Bond spoof movie. Bianchi was again dubbed and it starred Sean Connery's brother, Neil Connery. 

In 2012, Bianchi appeared in a small role in the documentary film ''We're Nothing Like James Bond''.

## Personal life
Bianchi was born in Rome, Italy. She married businessman Alberto Cameli. They have one son. Her husband died in 2018.

## References
## Other websites
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Elaphriella

***Elaphriella*** is a type of sea snails.

## Species
Species within the genus *Elaphriella* include:
* *Elaphriella cantharos* Vilvens & Williams, 2016
* *Elaphriella corona* (Y.-C. Lee & W.-L. Wu, 2001)
* *Elaphriella dikhonikhe* Vilvens & Williams, 2016
* *Elaphriella diplax* (B. A. Marshall, 1999)
* *Elaphriella eukhonikhe* Vilvens & Williams, 2016
* *Elaphriella helios* Vilvens & Williams, 2016
* *Elaphriella leia* Vilvens & Williams, 2016
* *Elaphriella meridiana* (Dell, 1953)
* *Elaphriella olivaceostrigata* (Schepman, 1908)
* *Elaphriella opalina* (Shikama & Hayashi, 1977)
* *Elaphriella paulinae* Vilvens & Williams, 2016
* *Elaphriella wareni* Vilvens & Williams, 2016
Hamal

**Hamal** (also known as **Alpha Arietis**), is the brightest star in the zodiac constellation of Aries.

The star has an apparent magnitude of 2.0, it is the 50th brightest star in the night sky. Using the parallax measurements made with the *Hipparcos* astrometry satellite, Hamal is about 65.8 light years away from the Earth. It is a giant star that may have an planet with a mass greater than Jupiter orbiting around it.
## Planetary system
In 2011, Byeong-Cheol Lee and others discovered a likely planet that might be in orbit around the star known as Hamal b (Alpha Arietis b). The planet was detected using the radial velocity method, using measurements that were made between 2003 and 2010 at the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory in Korea. The planet has an orbital period of 381 days and an eccentricity of 0.25. The minimum value of this planet's mass is about 1.8 times the mass of Jupiter. The estimated semi-major axis of the orbit of the planet is 1.2 AU, which would give it a periapsis (closest) distance of 0.9 AU and an apoapsis (farthest) distance of 1.5 AU. By comparison, the star has a radius of 0.07 AU or about 10,471,850.9 km.

## References
Concerned

**Concerned** is a webcomic that parodies the popular video game *Half-Life 2*. It was created by Christopher C. Livingston and ran from May 1, 2005, to November 6, 2006. The comic follows the story of a character named Gordon Frohman, who is an unlucky and clumsy person trying to survive in the chaotic world of *Half-Life 2*.

## Background 
The webcomic is set in the same universe as *Half-Life 2*, a first-person shooter game developed by Valve Corporation. However, instead of focusing on the serious and intense storyline of the game, **Concerned** uses humor to explore the world. The comic is made by taking screenshots within the game and adding funny dialogue and situations.

## Plot 
The main character, Gordon Frohman, is different from the game’s hero, Gordon Freeman. While Freeman is a skilled scientist and fighter, Frohman is incompetent and often makes bad decisions. He often finds himself in absurd and dangerous situations, mostly because of his own mistakes.

Throughout the comic, Frohman tries to join the Resistance (the group fighting against the alien forces known as the Combine), but he usually ends up making things worse. Despite his many failures, Frohman remains optimistic and cheerful, which adds to the comic’s humor.

## Style and Humor 
Concerned is known for its clever use of the *Half-Life 2* game world and its humorous take on the serious events of the game. The comic often pokes fun at video game logic, like why NPCs (non-playable characters) behave in certain ways or why some game environments don’t make sense in real life.

## Popularity and Impact 
**Concerned** became quite popular among fans of *Half-Life 2* and the gaming community. Many readers appreciated the comic for its witty humor and the way it creatively used the game’s assets. The comic’s entire run consists of 205 episodes, and it was concluded with a final strip in November 2006.

Even though it has been years since the comic ended, **Concerned** is still remembered by many gamers as a classic parody of the *Half-Life* series.

## Legacy 
Christopher C. Livingston, the creator of **Concerned**, went on to work on other projects after finishing the comic. However, **Concerned** remains his most well-known work. The comic is still available online for new readers to enjoy, and it serves as an example of how video games can be used creatively in webcomics.

## Other websites 
* Official Website
First cabinet of Donald Trump

Donald Trump assumed office as president of the United States on January 20, 2017, and his term ended on January 20, 2021. The president has the authority to nominate members of his Cabinet to the United States Senate for confirmation under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution.
Before confirmation and during congressional hearings a high-level career member of an executive department heads this pre-confirmed cabinet on an acting basis. The Cabinet's creation was part of the transition of power following the 2016 United States presidential election.

This article documents the confirmation process for any successful or unsuccessful Cabinet nominees of the Trump administration. They are listed in order of creation of the Cabinet position (also used as the basis for the United States presidential line of succession).
5th Panzer Army

**5th Panzer Army** was the name of two different German armoured divisons during World War II. The first division was formed in 1942 during the North African campaign. It surrendered to Allies at Tunis in 1943. The army was formed again in France in 1944 and fought in Western Europe. It surrendered in the Ruhr pocket in 1945.

## History 
### North African Campaign 
The 5th Panzer Army was created on 8 December 1942 to defend Tunisia against Allied attacks. The army fought with the Italian First Army. The army was defeated on 13 May 1943, along with its commander Gustav von Vaerst.
Buea

]]
**Buea** is the capital of the Southwest Region in Cameroon. The city is on the eastern slopes of Mount Cameroon. About 100,000 people live there. It is home to the University of Buea. The city has many colonial era buildings. German governor Jesko von Puttkamer had a residence built there.

Buea was the colonial capital of German Cameroon from 1901 to 1914. The German colonial rule in Buea was temporarily suspended during the eruption of Mount Cameroon from 28 April to June 1909.
Sangha River

The **Sangha River** is a river in the Central African Republic, Cameroon and the Republic of Congo. It is a tributary of the Congo River. It is 790&nbsp;km long.
Hyloxalus marmoreoventris

The **Rio Negro rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus marmoreoventris*) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body
The adult male frog is about 21.7 mm long from nose to rear end. The adult male frog has white spots.

## Home
Scientists saw this frog in a forest on a mountain 1225 meters above sea level.  This is a cloud forest, where between 2000 and 4000 mm of rain or other weather falls every year, and the temperature is between 18 and 24°C.  It lives in the same places as *Hyloxalus bocagei*, *Allobates kingsburyi*, and *Hyloxalus pulchellus*.

Scientists saw this frog in a protected park: Parque Nacional Rio Negro Sopladora.

## Young
Scientists are not sure how the frog makes its young, but they think the tadpoles swim in streams.

## Danger
Many of these frogs died in the 1980s from changes in the weather and the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.  The forest where scientists first found the frog has been cut down, but there are enough other forests nearby that scientists thing some frogs might still be alive there: Parque Nacional Llanganates and Parque Nacional Sangay. If they are not all dead, then only 49 or fewer are alive today.

Human beings keep changing that place by cutting down trees to make farms and get wood to build with.  Bad chemicals in the water and animals from other parts of the world can also hurt this frog. Because of this, scientists say the frog is critically endangered, or in very big danger of dying out.

## References
OfficeMax

**OfficeMax** is an American office supply retailer and subsidiary of Office Depot currently headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida. Like Office Depot, They sell office supplies like printers and computers in the United States. It was merged with Office Depot in 2013. 

It was founded in 1988. The first OfficeMax store opened at the Golden Gate Shopping Center in Mayfield Heights in 1988. OfficeMax opened its first stores in Mexico in 1996. It has since grew to hundreds of locations in the United States and Mexico.

## Other websites
*Official website
Chicken katsu

**Chicken katsu** is a Japanese food made of thin fried chicken pieces that are covered with katsu sauce. The same sauce is used to make tonkatsu, a food made of fried pork.

## History
Chicken katsu was invented in the 1800s, after British sailors brought Indian curry to Japan. The Japanese used curry to make new types of food, including katsu sauce.

## Ingredients
Thin pieces of chicken are covered with egg and breadcrumbs and then fried in oil. The cooked chicken is eaten with katsu sauce. Katsu sauce is made out of Worcestershire sauce, soy sauce, tomatoes and spices.

## References
Breadcrumbs

**Breadcrumbs** are very small pieces of crushed up bread that are used for cooking. Breadcrumbs are sometimes mixed with other ingredients to make food thicker. Some foods are also covered with breadcrumbs before being cooked, so that the breadcrumbs turn into a crispy crust. In Japan, a special type of flaky breadcrumb called "panko" was invented.

## References
Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres

The men's 200 metres sprint at the **1936 Olympic Games** was on August 4 and August 5. There were 44 athletes. These athletes were from 22 different nations. This was Owen's 3rd gold medal. He had also gotten a medal in the 100 metres and long jump. Later, he would also win the sprint relay. Tinus Osendarp of the Netherlands was in 3rd place. This was their first medal in this event.

## Background
This was the 200 metres in the Olympics. It was not in the 1896 Summer Olympics, but it was in every Olympics after that. None of the 6 athletes from the 1932 finals were also in this event. Jesse Owens was the favorite Olympian. He had already won both the 100 metres and the long jump in Berlin.

This was the first time that Liechtenstein ran in this event. This was the 9th time that the United States was in this event. They were the only country to have been at every 200 metres in the Olympics so far.

## Competition
The competition was the same since 1920. There were heats, quarterfinals, semifinals, and a final. There were 8 heats. Each heat had 4 to 6 runners. The 3 fastest runners in each heat went to the quarterfinals. The quarterfinals consisted of 4 heats. Each heat had 6 athletes each. The 3 fastest men in each quarterfinal went to the semifinals. There were 2 semifinals. Each semifinal had 6 runners. The 3 fastest athletes in each semifinal went to the finals. The final had 6 runners. Before, some 200 metres races were on a straight trace. These races were run on the new standard 400-metre track.

Jesse Owens beat the Olympic record in the 3rd heat. He ran 21.1 seconds. He tied that time in the 3rd quarterfinal. Mack Robinson tied that time in the 1st semifinal. He also tied that time in the final. However, Owens had won with the time of 20.7 seconds. This beat the Olympic record. It also was the unofficial record for the 200 metres on a curved track.

## Schedule
## Results
### Heats
The fastest 3 runners in each heat went to the quarterfinal.

#### Heat 1
#### Heat 2
#### Heat 3
#### Heat 4
#### Heat 5
#### Heat 6
#### Heat 7
#### Heat 8
### Quarterfinals
The 3 fastest runners in each quarterfinal went to the semifinal.

#### Quarterfinal 1
#### Quarterfinal 2
#### Quarterfinal 3
#### Quarterfinal 4
### Semifinals
The 3 fastest times in each semifinal went to the finals.

#### Semifinal 1
#### Semifinal 2
### Final
## References
Aspidogaster conchicola

***Aspidogaster conchicola*** is a parasitic, invertebrate worm distributed across North America, Africa, and Europe. As a parasite, A. conchicola relies on a host species, usually snails, fish, mollusks, or turtles.  The parasite can live without a host in freshwater for up to two weeks, and in saline water for up to five weeks. Its natural habitats include lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams. 

## References
Androcles and the Lion

***Androcles and the Lion*** is a play by George Bernard Shaw. It was written in 1912. The play is based on one of Aesop's fables, ancient stories which were supposed to teach moral lessons.
## Plot
The play is about a Christian man named Androcles who lives in ancient Rome. The man is hiding from Roman soldiers who want to arrest him because he is Christian. While hiding, he sees a lion with a thorn stuck in its paw. Androcles feels sorry for the lion, and pulls out the thorn. He is eventually caught by the Romans, who put him in an arena where he is supposed to be eaten by a captive lion for the crowd's enjoyment. The lion that the Romans send to kill Androcles is the same one that he helped earlier, and it refuses to eat him. Androcles and the lion are both freed after this.
## Critical response
Critics did not like the play when it first came out, because they thought it mocked Christianity. Different critics began to like it more later, and many people enjoy it today.

## References
Asta Plathino

**Asta Maria Linnéa Plathino** (7 January 1906 — 31 January 1995), was a Swedish track and field athlete being active during the 1920s and 1930s. During the 1930s she became five time national champion and represented Sweden internationally.

## Biography
Plathino was born in 1906 in  at the time the Älvsborg County. She was a member of Kvinnliga CIK Sport and Gothenburg Women's IK.

At the Swedish Athletics Championships Plathino became national champion in the 80 metres hurdles (1935), long jump (1932, 1934), high jump (1932) and relay (1934). 

Plathino represented Sweden at the 1926 Women's World Games in Gothenburg. With a distance of 5.16 metres she finished fourth in the long jump event. Together with Sylvia Stave, Vera Jacobsson and Märta Johansson she competed in the  4 × 110 yards relay event and also finished in fourth place.
 
Plathino died in  in Älvsborg county on 31 January 1995.

## References
2024 Southport stabbing

On 29 July 2024, a mass stabbing targeting children occurred at a dance studio in Southport, Merseyside, United Kingdom. Three children were killed. Ten other people were injured, some of them severely. Eight of those ten people were chldren.  A 17-year-old British citizen born in Cardiff to parents from Rwanda was arrested at the scene. The person has been charged with three counts of murder, ten counts of attempted murder, and possession of a bladed article. On 23 January 2025 the attacker was sentenced to life in prison, and will have to serve at least 52 years.

The attack took place at a Taylor Swift–themed yoga and dance workshop held at the Hart Space. The Hart Space is a community studio in the Meols Cop area of Southport. 26 children were present at the workshop. The attacker stabbed eleven children and two adults. Two girls died at the scene. Six of the injured children and both adults were in critical condition when taken to hospital, and a third girl died the following day.

In the days after the attack, riots took place. Far-right protesters clashed with police in Southport. They had false information about the attacker's identity. They damaged a mosque. Over the next few days, protests and riots spread nationwide.

So far, no motive for the attack has been given. The police said that they were not treating the incident as terrorism. On 1 August, Liverpool Crown Court disclosed Rudakubana's identity – despite him still being a minor at that point – to counter speculation and misinformation.

## References
Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve

**Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve** is a place in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Plants and animals live there.

## Animals
Monkeys, Sumatran tigers, giant squirrels, and sun bears live in the park.

## References
Henriett Seth F.

**Henriett Seth F.** (born **Fajcsák Henrietta**, confirmation name  **Florida**, nickname "Princess Vix", 27 October 1980, Eger, Hungary), also known by the Hungarian pseudonym **Seth F. Henriett**,  is a Hungarian autistic savant poet, writer, musician, and artist.  Henriett come from  noble Stigler family (German bloodline origin.) Henriett lived in Vienna (Austria) and Hungary between 1985-1987.   Henriett Seth F. studied at the Tinódi Sebestyén Hungarian-English Bilingual Elementary School (Walloon district, Eger), the Géza Gárdonyi Cistercian High School, and the Count Károly Eszterházy University. Henriett also works as an artist in Austria from 2024. Henriett is the godchild of His Excellency János Székely former Tunisian and Hungarian bishop (old title: prince-bishop), Grand Chancellor of PPKE (Hungary),ecclesiastical judge. So Henriett is the goddaughter of the Apostolic Succession (bishop). Britannica Henriett is an altar server in Eger and Szombathely (Alpokalja, "Feet of the Alps"). She is a photographer ín Burgenland, Austria as a volunteer. (2024-). Henriett has been a member of Creative Industries Styria in Graz, Austria since 2025. A friend of the noble *Wenckheim* family.

## References
Govinda III's Campaign in North India

'''Govinda III's campaign in North India''' was fought between the Rashtrakuta Empire against the Gurjara Pratihara Empire and Pala Empire. In this campaign Govinda III, the ruler of the Rashtrakuta Empire led a campaign against the Nagabhatta II, the ruler of Gurjara Pratihara Empire and Dharmapāla, the ruler of Pala Empire. 

## Background
In Northern India, the Pala Empire, under the rule of Dharmapala, was invaded by Nagabhatta II, who was the ruler of the Gurjara Pratihara Empire. Nagabhatta II succeeded in defeating Dharmapala and took control of Kannauj, even driving away Chakrayudha, who was Dharmapala's puppet.

Govinda III took the opportunity in Northern India and led an expedition against Nagabhatta II, ruler of the Gurjara Pratihara Empire, and Dharmapala, ruler of the Pala Empire.

## Campaign
Govinda III sent his brother, Indra, to attack the Gurjara Pratihara Empire. Govinda III also ordered many of his generals to keep the other rulers of Kalinga, Vengi, Kosala, and Malva under control or subdue them. While on his mission to invade the heartland of the Gurjara Pratiharas, Indra advanced himself to the Doab and Kannauj to attack Nagabhatta II himself. In the end, Indra's army won the battle. The Baroda plate, issued by the son of Indra, says that Indra had defeated *the lord of the Gurjaras*, i.e., Nagabhatta II, single-handedly.

Govinda III defeated the ruler of Chitrakut and then led an expedition against Nagabhatta II in the Doab region and won, thereby expanding the boundaries of his empire up to the Himalayas. Following Govinda III's victory, Nagabhatta II fled from the Doab region and escaped to Rajputana. Chakrayudha and Dharmapala, both submitted to Govinda III after his victory.

Apart from the Palas and the Pratiharas, Govinda III also defeated other rulers in Northern India during the campaign, like the kingdoms of Odraka, Kosala, Kalinga, Vengi, Dahala, and Malava. These kingdoms, after being defeated, became his servants  and were subjugated by him.

## Aftermath 
While Govinda III was away for his northern campaign, the southern Indian kings had formed an alliance against him, taking advantage of his absence.

The North Indian campaign of Govinda III was simply an act of '''digvijaya'''. Govinda III did not annex the territories of the Palas and Pratiharas, but he likely collected heavy tributes from them. After his northern expedition, Govinda III spent most of the rainy seasons at his capital, preparing for another campaigns against the southern Indian rulers who formed an alliance against him.

## Notes 
## References 
* 
*
János Székely

**János Székely** (, born 7 June 1964) is a Hungarian Bishop of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church. He has been the Bishop of Szombathely since 2017.  The prince-bishop (old title) is the Hungarian Catholic Bishops' Conference's director. The godfather of Henriett Seth F. (b. Henrietta Fajcsák) autistic artist.

## References
Order of the Chrysanthemum

The **Order of the Chrysanthemum** is Japan’s highest and most exclusive order. It was established in 1877 by the Meiji emperor. It is awarded mainly to members of Japan’s royal family and to foreign royalty or heads of state. The order has only one class and is exclusively for men.

The badge consists of a white enameled star with 32 rays edged in gold with a central cabochon garnet surrounded by a gold band. Four small silver chrysanthemums placed between green leaves encircle the garnet. The medal is suspended from a large, gold-rimmed likeness of a chrysanthemum.

Apart from the Imperial Family, only seven Japanese citizens have ever been decorated with the collar in their lifetimes. The last of these was former Prime Minister Saionji Kinmochi in 1928. Eight others have been decorated with the collar after their deaths; the last such award was to former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2022. Today, only the reigning Emperor holds this dignity as sovereign of the order; however, exceptions are made for foreign heads of state, who can be awarded the collar in friendship.

The grand cordon is the highest possible honour a Japanese citizen can be awarded during his or her lifetime. Aside from members of the Imperial Family, 53 Japanese citizens have been decorated with the grand cordon; of these, only 23 were living when they received the award.

## References
Kai Greene

**Leslie Kai Greene** (born July 12, 1975) is an American professional bodybuilder. Nicknamed "**The Predator**" and "**The People’s Champ**", he is known for his leg development and artistic posing routines. He came second in the 2012, 2013, and 2014 editions of the IFBB's Mr. Olympia competition and won the Arnold Classic competition in 2009, 2010, and 2016. He was known for his rivalry with Phil Heath. 

Outside his career as a professional bodybuilder, Greene is a trainer, artist, podcaster, and entrepreneur, and has appeared in movies and  documentaries. His documentaries include *Overkill* (2009), *Redemption* (2010), and *Generation Iron* (2013). The latter was the biggest documentary release of 2013, holding the number 1 spot for 3 consecutive weeks after its release. 

Greene’s choice of apparel has influenced trends and preferences within the fitness and lifestyle sectors. He is known for popularising the hoodie during workout sessions, with the hoodie becoming a representation of Greene’s brand and philosophy. A striking element of his wardrobe is the *Kai Greene RWXKG Fleece Hoodie*, particularly in its bold red color.

## References
2024 Solingen stabbing

During the night of August 23, 2024, there was a man mass stabing of civilians in Solingen. A person killed three people with a knife. Eight others were wounded, five of these are in a  condition. 
## Overview
The attack occurred at a festival marking the 650th anniversary of the city of Solingen.  The attack took place at about 9:40 PM local time, on a busy market square. DJ Topic, performing at the time of the attack, was asked by security to continue his set to prevent mass panic.  After the stabbing, the festival was stopped.

## Background
Solingen lies between Düsseldorf and Cologne, in North-Rhine Westphalia. About 160,000 people live in the city. According to sources, the perpetrator was a man. He was armed with a knife, and aimed for the neck of the people. Two men, and one women were killed. Eight others were wounded, five of these are in a critical condition. After the attack, the perpetrator was able to flee. As there is no visible connection between the victims, the police suspect that this may have been a terrorist attack. The police also suspects that it was a single person who carried out the attack.

## Aftermath
### Responses
The German chancellor, Olaf Scholz, said that the perpetrator must be caught quickly and punished to fullest extent of the law. 

On the day after the attack, police arrested the 26-year-old Syrian suspect *Issa al H.* He had presented himself to officers of a patrol car, and told them he had been the attacker. His clothes were bloody and dirty, sources say. He arrived in Germany in December 2022 and was granted protection after a year as a refugee. He is from Deir ez-Zor. He is a Sunni Muslim. Authorities had not suspected him of Islamist ties.

## References
Krupp

, Irmgard, Alfried, Harald, in front Waldtraut and Eckbert, the parents Bertha andGustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, the sonn Claus is to the right]]

Krupp is the name of a Geman family, that can be traced back to at least 1600. They were business magnates (or industrialists). They started Friedrich Krupp AG in Essen. Since 1999, the company merged with the Thyssen AG, to form Thyssenkrupp.
John J. Cornwell

**John Jacob Cornwell** (July 11, 1867 – September 8, 1953) was a Democratic politician from Romney, West Virginia. Cornwell was the 15th governor of West Virginia, from 1917 to 1921. He was a member of the West Virginia Senate from 1899-1905.

## References
The Orphanage (movie)

***The Orphanage*** () is a 2007 Spanish Mexican horror movie directed by first time director J. A. Bayona and starring Belén Rueda, Fernando Cayo, Roger Príncep, Montserrat Carulla, Geraldine Chaplin, Mabel Rivera, Andrés Gertrúdix, Edgar Vivar. It won 7 Goya Awards in 2008.

## Other websites 
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* 
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