Baria Kolis of Gujarat

The **Baria Koli**, or **Baraiya Koli**, **Bareeya Koli** and **Bariya Koli** is a clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste found in the Indian State of Gujarat and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. the Devgad Baria was their Stronghold or given their name to Baria State in Gujarat. according to the historian **Y.V.S Nath**, the ruling royal family of Baria State is original Koli by caste but later they claimed to be of Kshatriya origin to be in high status among other Princely States.

According to the census records of 1931, there were 1,03,769 Hindu Baria Kolis and 5 Baria Kolis were converted to Jain religion in the Baroda State of Gaekwars.

## Tax collection 
The **Koli Vero** was a type of tax collected by Koli chiefs of villages from other caste people for living in Koli village.
### System 
Here are some important points of Koli vero:,
* It was collected by Koli chiefs such as Koli Thakors, Koli Patels, Koli Girasias, Koli Pagis and Koli Kotwals of their villages.
* Koli Vero was collected as monthly tax from other caste people.
* If anyone resisted or refused to pay *Koli Vero*, Koli chief often plundered the person's relatives.
* Koli vero system was disbanded during the British rule in Gujarat.

## Origin 
The Baria Kolis got their name from the Devgadh Baria of Gujarat which was ruled by them and it was their Stronghold as well as they were lawless and turbulent people.

## Piracy 
Historically, the Baria Kolis were well known pirates of Gujarat and the Piram island of Gujarat was stronghold of Baria Koli pirates but later they were defeated by Mokhadaji Gohil in 1325.

Rawal Bhavsinhji of Bhavnagar died in 1764, leaving behind him five sons, and the eldest of and these, Akherajji I, succeeded as Ruler of the State. At this juncture the fort of Talaja was in the hands of Baria Koli pirates, a ment lawless band of pirates who infested the western littoral from Cambay to the Indus. Their unjust exactions pressed so heavily upon merchants in that locality that the large trade previously carried on was almost entirely ruined, even British ships falling ment then sent troops, which were assisted by Rawal Akherajji and his army, and it was their combined forces which captured the stronghold of Talaja and defeated the Baria clan of Koli pirates.

## History 
During the British Raj in Gujarat, The Baria Kolis were holders of Vanta lands (private estates). the Bariya Kolis were formerly known as Bandits because of their anti-social activities but later settled as agriculturist in villages. after joining the Sabha, Baria Kolis were not in conflicts against Rajputs but Kolis of Saurashtra didn't join the Sabha because they thought that 'Patidar wasn't their enemy and they didn't need to be Rajputs to be called as Kshatriya'. after that, Kolis thought that they ruled the area but have no rights, so Kolis often plunders the Patidar villages in midnight in gangs. The Rajputs of Gujarat strongly allied with Kolis because Rajputs also were against Patidars because of their land rights. In central and north Gujarat, the Kolis had several battles with the Patidars on the issue of land tenancy, land rights and use of common village resources. It may be mentioned here that in order to win the elections in 1962 and 1967 the Gujarat Swatantra Party, dominated by the Patidars, won over some of the Koli leaders of the **Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha** and Sabha was dominated by Kolis of North Gujarat . The Party evolved a strategy referred to by the acronym PKASH; that is the 'party of Patidars and Koli Kshatriyas.' Party nominated a large number of the Kolis as party candidates and also gave them positions within the party organization. But that alliance did not last. The party and the Kshatriya Sabha's Koli leaders could not resolve ground-level conflicts between the Koli peasants and well Patidar peasants. The grievances of Patidar were resolved by **Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha** by several time meetings but it was not enough because Kolis were double in number of population if Gujarat and Patidars often targeted by influenced Kolis. most of the Patidar's children were engaged in collage study but Kolis not and it was a big beneficial point of Patidars.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Feminists Rethink the Neoliberal State: Inequality, Exclusion, and Change by Leela Fernandes