open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Apache Hadoop

Apache Hadoop is a collection of open-source software tools, that speeds up the processing of very large amounts of data by distributing it to multiple computers.
Its core consists of:

# a **storage** part: *Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS).* This abstracts away the distributed nature of storage so that data can be moved around the cluster of computers more easily.
# a **processing** part: *Hadoop MapReduce* (Hadoop's implementation of MapReduce). This is used to distribute and program transformations within the intended data processing pipeline.
## **Map**: The Map phase organises data into key:value pairs according to a user's pre-defined mapping, and
## **Shuffle**: a process called Shuffle uses those keys to sort and redistribute the data to nodes in the cluster so that similar data is stored together. This is known as Data Locality.
## **Reduce**: The Reduce phase then does the transformation on the values, perhaps just a mathematical operation like addition, now taking advantage of Data Locality to streamline that processing at each node, like specialisation in economics. It then brings that data back together and finally writes it back to HDFS.

The distributed nature of Hadoop means that processing:

* can be done in parallel rather than only sequentially, waiting for one step to finish before another begins.
* is far more fault tolerant and so the processing has higher availability.

HDFS is also used for other projects such as the Apache NoSQL Wide Column Store, Apache HBase.

Reading and writing to and from disk for each transformation means that Hadoop MapReduce is slower for most pipelines than Apache Spark which uses RAM rather than disk and also runs within the Hadoop ecosystem. Spark may cost more in terms of resources such as memory and CPU.

Available to work alongside HDFS and Hadoop MapReduce are other Apache tools in the Hadoop ecosystem, such as:

* YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator) which does the distributing.
* Hive: a data warehousing tool which also translates your SQL queries into MapReduce or Spark jobs.
* Pig, which make writing MapReduce programs easier than writing them in Python, C++ or Java directly.

As of 2013, Hadoop adoption had become widespread: more than half of the Fortune 50 companies used Hadoop.
Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester

**Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester**,  (born **Birgitte Eva van Deurs Henriksen**; 20 June 1946) is a Danish member of the British royal family. She is married to Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, a grandson of George V. They have three children.

## Marriage and family
Birgitte first met Prince Richard of Gloucester, the younger son of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, in the late 1960s in Cambridge, where he attended university. In February 1972, their engagement was announced. The Duke and Duchess officially reside at Kensington Palace.

## Titles 
* 8 July 1972 – 10 June 1974: Her Royal Highness Princess Richard of Gloucester 
* 10 June 1974 – present: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Gloucester 
** In Scotland: Her Royal Highness The Countess of Ulster  
** In Northern Ireland: Baroness Culloden

## References
## Other websites
* The Duchess of Gloucester at the Royal Family website
*
Petteri Orpo

**Antti Petteri Orpo** (; born 3 November 1969) is a Finnish politician serving as the Prime Minister of Finland since 2023. He has been the leader of the National Coalition Party since 2016. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Finland from 2017 to 2019 and Minister of Finance from 2016 to 2019. 

In April 2023, Orpo's National Coalition Party won the 2023 Finnish parliamentary election. He is set to be named the lead government formation negotiator and prime minister candidate when the new parliament and President meet shortly after the election.

## References
Jakov Milatović

**Jakov Milatović** ( Јаков Милатовић; born 7 December 1986) is a Montenegrin politician and economist who is the President of Montenegro. He defeated President Milo Đukanović in the 2023 presidential election. He was the minister of economy and economic development from 4 December 2020 until 28 April 2022.

## References
Aarón

**Aarón** is the Spanish version of the name Aharon from the Bible.

## People 
* Puerto Rican Pentecostal sect leader Teófilo Vargas Seín, who uses Aarón as his religious title
* Aarón Ñíguez (born 1989), Spanish professional footballer
* Aarón (footballer) (born 1982), German-Spanish footballer
Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York

s for Michael Cohen to pay  to Stormy Daniels (picture).|alt=A blond white woman with a pink dress and long earrings smiling while looking at the camera.]]

On March 30, 2023, Donald Trump, president of the United States from 2017 to 2021, was indicted by a Manhattan grand jury. It is alleged that he paid hush money to pornographic movie actress Stormy Daniels during  the 2016 United States presidential election. (*Hush money* is a bribe to maintain secrecy - to prevent bad  or to prevent the discovery of a crime.) The "Hush" money was actually apart of an agreement that was meant to be secret, and the money was to make sure that it was agreed upon, not bribing.

Trump became the first former U.S. president to be indicted and to face criminal and felony charges. He was the first president to be arrested since Ulysses S. Grant was arrested in 1872.
## Background
In 2021, Alvin Bragg was elected Manhattan District Attorney. In February 2022, the two prosecutors that were leading the investigation of Trump,  their jobs.

## Arrest and arraignment
On April 4, 2023, Trump's motorcade drove him to the Manhattan Criminal Courthouse. As he went into the courthouse, he was arrested. Trump was formally placed under arrest without being handcuffed or having a mugshot taken. Trump came into the courtroom an hour later, and got 34 felony charges of falsifying business records. However, media says that each charge can range from a misdemeanor to a felony. After the court , Trump traveled by plane back home to Florida. In the evening, he met with and spoke to a crowd of supporters.

The indictment has been unsealed and published by New York Supreme Court, but it does not show or reveal the district attorney's specific legal theory behind the case.

## Trial
Jury selection began on April 15, 2024. On May 30, 2024, Donald Trump was convicted by the jury of 34 counts related to falsifying business records.

On January 10, 2024, the verdict is supposed to be (given or) handed down; The judge has said that Trump must be in court, in person or [by video-link or] digitally.

## Related pages
*Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal

## References
2023 Finnish parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 2 April 2023 to elect members of the Parliament of Finland. The opposition's National Coalition Party (KOK) won the election with 20.8% of the national popular vote and winning 48 seats in parliament, the third highest result in the party's history. For the first time in Finland's history, the Centre Party (KESK) did not win a majority of votes in any regional voting districts. Five government parties and four opposition parties finished with parliamentary seats split dead even at 100–100. It is expected that KOK's Petteri Orpo will begin government formation talks the week following Easter. The Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP), led by incumbent Prime Minister Sanna Marin came in third place, signaling her defeat. 

## References
National Lottery

The **National Lottery** is the government supported national lottery set up in 1994 in the United Kingdom.

Prizes are paid as a lump sum (with the exception of the Set For Life which is paid over a set period) and are tax-free. Of all money spent on National Lottery games, around 53% goes to the prize fund and 25% to "good causes" as set out by Parliament. 12% goes to the UK Government as lottery duty, 4% to retailers as commission, and a total of 5% to the operator Camelot - 4% to cover operating costs and 1% as profit.   Since 22 April 2021, players must be 18 or over.

The first draw was on 19 November 1994 with a television programme presented by Noel Edmonds. The first numbers drawn were 30, 3, 5, 44, 14 and 22, the bonus was 10, and seven jackpot winners shared a prize of £5,874,778.

Since 1698 lotteries have been illegal in England unless they were authorised by the government. 

## References
Davros

**Davros** is a fictional character from the *Doctor Who* series. He is the creator of the infamous Daleks and one of the Doctor's main enemies.

In the original series, he was portrayed by Michael Wisher, David Gooderson and Terry Molloy. In the revival series, Davros is portrayed by Julian Bleach.
William Hill

**William Hill** is a British gambling company started in 1934. It does  sports betting, online casino, online poker, and online bingo.  It has a headquarters in London, with  offices in Leeds and Gibraltar.   Its International business runs from Malta. In July 2022 it was bought by 888 Holdings for £1.95 billion.  It employs about 12,000 people, 8,000 of them in the UK. The company ran 1,414 betting shops in 2017 but has since closed many of them.

It was fined £19.2million in 2023 for failing to protect its customers from accruing unpayable debts.

## References
Jade burial suit

A **jade burial suit** () is a suit made out of jade. It was used for the burial of Han dynasty princes and princesses.

## Description 
Jade burial suits were meant for Han dynasty emperors. The emperor can give jade burial suits to members of his family. The jade pieces of the emperor's jade suit are tied together with gold threads. Princes and princesses can only use silver or copper threads. The jade suit of Liu Sheng, Prince of Zhongshan had  more than 2498 plates of jade.

## History 
The people of the Hemudu and Majiabang cultures buried their dead with jade objects. In the Han dynasty, this became the jade burial suit. Emperor Wen of Han banned the use of jade suits.

The first jade suits were found in Liu Sheng's tomb. 

## References
Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler

**Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler** (Margaretha Désirée Victoria; born 31 October 1934), is a Swedish princess. She is the eldest sister of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and also a first cousin of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark.

## Early life
Margaretha was born on 31 October 1934 at Haga Palace in Haga Park, Stockholm, as the first child of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, and his wife, Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She was born during the reign of her paternal great-grandfather King Gustav V of Sweden. In January 1947, her father died in an airplane crash.

Although the eldest child, as a female, she was never in line to the throne according to the Swedish constitution current at the time. She was educated privately at the Haga Palace and then at the Stockholm dressmaking school, Märthaskolan (Martha School).

## Marriage
She met her future husband, businessman John Ambler, at a dinner party in the United Kingdom in 1963. Their engagement was announced on 28 February 1964. They were married on 30 June 1964, in Gärdslösa Church, on the island of Öland. The Princess wore a wedding gown from the Stockholm couture school, Märthaskolan, where she had previously been a student, and a traditional wedding crown from Öland.

As a result of her unequal marriage, she lost her style of *Royal Highness* and the King gave her the courtesy title of *Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler*. Under the Swedish constitution of that time, she, as a woman, and her descendants were not able to inherit the throne. As a result, they still are not.

Ambler and her husband separated in 1994, but never divorced.  He died on 31 May 2008.

Margaretha and John Ambler's marriage produced three children: Sybilla (b. 1965), Edward (b. 1966), and James (b. 1969). Her daughter married Baron Henning von Dincklage and has two children, of whom Madeleine Charlotte Margaretha von Dincklage is the goddaughter of Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden and was a bridesmaid at her wedding.

## Titles and styles
* 31 October 1934 – 30 June 1964: *Her Royal Highness* Princess Margaretha of Sweden
* 30 June 1964 – present: Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler

## Ancestry
## References
Platymantis bayani

'''Walter's limestone forest frog'* (*Platymantis bayani'') is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines.  Scientists have seen it in one place: Taft Forest on Samar Island, 140 m above sea level.

The adult male frog is about 34.2–39.1 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 44.3–49.8 mm long.

## References
Liz Truss lettuce

On 14 October 2022, the British tabloid newspaper the *Daily Star* began a livestream of a head of lettuce next to a framed photograph of Liz Truss, who had just become prime minister of the United Kingdom.

This joke was made in response to an article by *The Economist* that compared how little time Truss spent as Prime Minister to the shelf life of a lettuce. The October 2022 United Kingdom government crisis happened just weeks into her term, and many commentators thought that she would resign soon. The lettuce soon became popular for the public. The *Daily Star* had the lettuce on Cameo, allowing users to get a personalized message "by the lettuce" for £13. 

On 18 October 2022, the *Daily Star* added a pair of googly eyes and a blonde wig on the lettuce, followed by fake feet and hands and glasses to make it look like Truss.

Truss announced her resignation as prime minister on 20 October 2022, before the lettuce had expired. After her resignation announcement, an image of the lettuce was projected onto the Palace of Westminster the same day.

## References
The Third Wave (experiment)

**The Third Wave** was an experimental social campaign made by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967. This experiment was meant to explain to the students how the German population could accept the actions of the Nazis during the rise of the Third Reich and the Second World War.

Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany. During his senior level World History class, he found it difficult to explain to his students how the German population could accept the actions of the Nazis. He decided to make a fake social movement as an example of the appeal of fascism. The experiment took place over the course of 5 days (or nine, according to student Sherry Toulsey). Jones started a series of exercises in his classroom mainly focusing on discipline and community. This was intended to model certain traits of the Nazi movement.

The experiment started to get out of control. The movement grew outside of his class and members began to increase in the hundreds. He convinced the students to attend a rally where he claimed that the classroom project was part of a nationwide movement, and that the announcement of a Third Wave presidential candidate would be televised. When the students arrived, they were shown a blank channel. Jones told his students that the movement was an experiment about fascism. He showed his students a short film about the actions of Nazi Germany.

This project was turned into an American film, **The Wave**, in 1981, and a very praised German film, **Die Welle**, in 2008.

## Background 
The experiment started at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California, during the first week of April, 1967. Jones was a member of the SDS, and a supporter of the Black Panthers. Jones decided to create this experiment after finding it hard to tell his students how the German people could have ignored the Holocaust. Another issue of the paper has a longer description of the experiment when it was finished. Jones wrote a detailed recollection about nine years after. Articles from other authors followed, some featuring an interview with Jones and the students involved.

## Notes 
## References
Aart

**Aart** is a nickname used in Dutch for the name Arnout, which has an English equivalent of Arnold.

## People 
* Aart Alblas (1918–1944), Dutch navy officer, resistance member
* Aart van Antum (1580–1620), Dutch marine painter
* Aart van Asperen (born 1956), Dutch television director
Tim Campbell (businessman)

**Tim Campbell** MBE (born June 1977) is a British businessman and television personality best known as the first winner of the British version of *The Apprentice*. 

Upon winning the show, Campbell won a position in Alan Sugar's company Amstrad. He left in 2007, two years after he won the show. In 2022, Campbell returned to *The Apprentice* as one of Lord Sugar's aides.

## References
Aaron (given name)

**Aaron** is a name that comes from Hebrew origin and has been adapted to the Greek language. It is typically given to boys.

## People 
* Aaron Copland, American composer, composition teacher, writer, and conductor (1900-1990)
* Aaron Hunt, German association football player
* Aaron T. Beck, American psychiatrist
Aatos

**Aatos** is a Finnish name given to boys.

## People 
* Aatos Erkko (1932–2012), Finnish journalist and businessman
* Aatos Hirvisalo (1915–1992), Finnish sailor
* Aatos Jaskari (1904–1962), Finnish wrestler
Tshe

**Tshe** (or **Tje**) (Ћ ћ; italics: *Ћ ћ*) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, used only in the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, where it represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /tɕ/; however, it must not  be confused with the voiceless retroflex affricate Che (Ч ч), which represents /tʃ/ and which also exists in Serbian Cyrillic script.
Ot (Cyrillic)

**Ot** (Ѿ ѿ; italics: *Ѿ ѿ*) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Even though it is a combination of the letters Omega (Ѡ, ѡ) and Te (Т, т), it is a separate letter of the alphabet, placed between х and ц. This can be seen in the first printed Cyrillic page, and continues in modern usage.
Princess Kako of Akishino

is the second daughter of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Japan and a member of the Japanese imperial family. She is a niece of Emperor Naruhito and the second-eldest grandchild of Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko.

## Biography
Princess Kako was born on 29 December 1994 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace, Chiyoda, Tokyo.
In April 2001, Princess Kako began Gakushuin Primary School and graduated in March 2007. Princess Kako entered Gakushuin Girls' Senior High School Tokyo in April 2007 and graduated in March 2013. 

She has an older sister, Mako Komuro, and a younger brother, Prince Hisahito.

## Titles and styles and Honors 
* of the Akishino branch of the imperial family]]

*29 December 1994 Her Imperial Highness''  Princess Kako of Akishino 

National Honors 

-Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown  (29 December 2014)

## References
## Other websites
Neutral Yer

**Neutral Yer** (Majuscule: **Ꙏ**, Minuscule: **ꙏ**) is used to transcribe Ь or Ъ when it is not possible to tell the difference in a manuscript.[1]

## Appearance 
It has the appearance of Yer, with a hook at the top of the stem. In some fonts it appears identical to **Ъ**.
Sayako Kuroda

, formerly , is a former member of the Japanese Imperial Family. She is the youngest child and only daughter of Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko, and the younger sister of the current Emperor of Japan, Naruhito. She is an imperial Shinto priestess of the Ise Grand Shrine, currently serving as the Supreme Priestess.

Kuroda held the title "*Nori-no-miya*" (Princess Nori), until her marriage to Yoshiki Kuroda on 15 November 2005. As a result of her marriage, she gave up her imperial title and left the Japanese Imperial Family, as required by the Imperial Household Law.

## Titles and styles
* 18 April 1969 – 15 November 2005: *Her Imperial Highness* Princess Nori
* 15 November 2005 – present: *Mrs.* Yoshiki Kuroda

## References
## Other websites
* Hello! magazine  — Article on Sayako and Yoshiki Kuroda's wedding
* BBC News — The wedding takes place
* The princess and the people - *The Scotsman*
Ultravox

**Ultravox** was a British new wave band formed in 1974 by musicians Billy Currie on keyboards and violin, John Foxx as singer and Stevie Shears as a guitar player. Later, Midge Ure became their singer instead of Foxx. 

They were originally named Tiger Lily. In 1976 they changed their name to "Ultravox!" with the exclamation mark being similar to the band Neu!'s name. The exclamation mark was never used again after the release of their second album.
Uk (Cyrillic)

**Uk** (Ѹ ѹ; italics: *Ѹ ѹ*), is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet, to save space, it was often written like this (Ꙋ ꙋ), called "monograph Uk." Today, Ѹ is extremely rare nowadays and is still used in Church Slavonic, it stands for the number 400.
Prince Hisahito of Akishino

is the youngest child and only son of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Japan. He is the nephew of Emperor Naruhito and second in line to the throne after his father, Fumihito.

Before his birth, the ongoing Japanese imperial succession debate had resulted in some politicians holding a favorable view on removing agnatic primogeniture imposed by World War II allies on the constitution of Japan. However, once Hisahito was born in 2006 he became next in the line of succession following his father. Hisahito's cousin and Emperor Naruhito's only child Princess Aiko remains at present legally unable to inherit the throne, while debate about the possibility of having future empresses regnant continues.

## Birth 
]]

Hisahito was born at 08:27 JST (23:27 UTC) on 6 September 2006 at Aiiku Hospital, Tokyo. He was delivered by Caesarean section, two weeks early, after complications in the pregnancy. An alternative translation is "virtuous, calm, everlasting". 

Hisahito was the first male child born to the Imperial House of Japan since his father in 1965. In January 2007, the Prime Minister of Japan, Shinzō Abe, announced that he would drop an earlier request to change the Imperial Household Law so as to allow females to inherit the throne. The request had been made because the brother and two sons of Emperor Akihito had, at the time, no sons of their own. As a result of Hisahito's birth, it now seems increasingly unlikely that the laws will be changed to allow Hisahito's cousin, Princess Aiko, daughter of the Emperor Naruhito, to become a reigning Empress and thus end the Japanese succession debate. The supporters of changes criticized the current law as it placed a difficult responsibility on the few aging males old enough to perform royal duties as females left the family. 

## Titles and styles and Honors 
6 September 2006 His Imperial Highness  Prince Hisahito of Akishino

National Honors 

Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (6 September 2025)

The *mon* represents the Japanese umbrella-pine tree (*kōyamaki*).

## References 
## Other websites
*
Air sports

**Air sports** covers a range of aerial activities, like air racing, gliding, skydiving, and more.

## List of recognized and regulated air sports 
Many air sports are regulated internationally by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI).The FAI has separate commissions for each air sport. For example, the commission for parachuting and skydiving is the International Skydiving Commission (ISC).

The list of sports in the air sports category are as follows:

### Motorized 
* Aerobatics
* Aeromodelling
* Air racing
* Drone racing
* Flyboarding
* Powered hang gliding
* Powered paragliding
* Rally flying
* Rotorcraft
* Ultralight aviation

### Wind/Gliding 
* Ballooning
* Canopy piloting
* Gliding
* Hang gliding 
* Human-powered flying 
* Kite fighting
* Kitesurfing
* Paragliding

### Gravity 
* BASE jumping
* Bodyflight
* Bungee jumping
* High diving
* Skydiving
* Trapeze
* Wingsuit flying

## International competitions 
* FAI World Grand Prix
* World Air Games
Blood Sugar Sex Magik

***Blood Sugar Sex Magik*** is the fifth studio album by Red Hot Chili Peppers. Red Hot Chili Peppers is an American rock band. The album was released by Warner Bros. Records on September 24, 1991. The album was produced by Rick Rubin. It had five singles: "Under the Bridge," "Give It Away," "Suck My Kiss," "Breaking the Girl" and "If You Have to Ask."

The album went to the number three spot on the *Billboard* 200 music chart. The album made the band very popular around the world. Because of this, John Frusciante left the band in 1992. He did not like being very famous. He joined the band again in 1998. Many people think *Blood Sugar Sex Magik* helped make alternative rock very popular in the 1990s.

## Track listing 
## References
Beyer, Peacock and Company

**Beyer, Peacock and Company** was a railway locomotive manufacturer with a factory in Gorton, Manchester. It worked from 1854 until 1966.

During the First World War they manufactured artillery. They made the first successful condensing locomotive design for London's first underground railway.

Most of their locomotives were  exported, especially the double ended Garrat articulated locomotives, which could go round tight curves.  Their boiler, firebox, and cab are mounted on a centre frame or "bridge". The two other parts, one at each end, have a pivot to support the central frame; they both have a steam engine unit – with driving wheels, trailing wheels, valve gear, and cylinders, and above it, fuel and/or water storage.
 Garratt, preserved in operating condition on the Welsh Highland Railway]]

## References
Shantae

**Shantae** is a indie video game series developed and published by WayForward Technologies. The series was created by Matt Bozon and Erin Bozon whose create the series main protagonist Shantae, a half-genie and the guardian of her town. The series had five games and many other appearances including *Super Smash Bros. Ultimate.* In 2020, the series had sold three million copies.

## History 
The character Shantae was created by Erin Bell  the wife of Matt Bozon, the series's creator. Erin got a flash of inspiration while coming back from her camping days and created the character, naming her "Shantae" after one of the campers and developing her dance moves.

## Gameplay 
*Shantae* is an action-adventure game series whose the player control as Shantae. The series gameplay was similar to The Legend of Zelda and Metroid and the player can progress by collecting new powers, solving puzzles and getting information in town.

The main character, Shantae main attack was whipping her long hair and transform herself by belly dancing. In the third installment, Shantae has lost her power as a genie.
***Mimic** is a member of the Relic Hunters who has made many discoveries. He is also Shantae's adoptive uncle, as he raised her after her parents' disappearance.
***Risky Boots** is a pirate and  the series' primary antagonist known for her love of wealth and powers. She normally seeks to take over Sequin Land or take revenge on Shantae. She also commands an army of Tinkerbats, a silent shadow humanoid creatures.
***Sky** is Shantae's life-long friend and the daughter of a Relic Hunter herself. Never seen without her pet war bird Wrench.
***Bolo** is Shantae's friend and sparring partner. He is described as being rather slow and very easily attracted to girls, though he tires to prove himself as capable of being a hero.
***Rottytops** is undead zombie girl who often friendly but never had a friend. She was described as normally looking for trouble for fun.

## References
Gambling Commission

The **Gambling Commission** is a government organisation in the United Kingdom responsible for regulating gambling and supervising gaming law in Great Britain.  It was set up by the Gambling Act 2005.  Before it was set up there was the Gaming Board for Great Britain.  It is answerable to the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. 

It has to supervise arcades, betting, bingo, casinos, slot machines and lotteries, as well as remote gambling, but not spread betting.  It is supposed to keep crime out of gambling, and to protect vulnerable people. From 2013 it has to regulate the National Lottery.

It can fine organisations which break the rules. William Hill was fined  £19.2million in 2023 for failing to protect its customers from accruing unpayable debts.

Gambling companies have to pay an annual contribution “to one or more organisation(s) which deliver research, harm prevention and treatment for those harmed by gambling”. The amount is not fixed and in 2023 the government said it would bring in new rules. 

## References
Stephanie Sheh

**Stephanie Sheh** is an American voice actress. She voices Sailor Moon in *Sailor Moon Crystal* as well as other characters in various anime and western animation projects.
1985–86 Austrian Cup

The **1985-86  Austrian Cup** was the national cup competition  in Austrian football. SK Rapid Wien were the defending champions.  
## Third round 
First round with teams from the second league.

## Round of 32
## Round of 16
## Quarter finals
## Semi-finals 
## Final
***SK Rapid Wien:**
Herbert Feurer (46. Michael Konsel) – Leo Lainer, Kurt Garger, Heribert Weber, Reinhard Kienast, Petar Bručić (106. Peter Hrstic), Rudolf Weinhofer, Gerald Willfurth, Zlatko Kranjčar, Sulejman Halilović, Peter Pacult coach: Vlatko Marković

* **FK Austria Wien:**
Franz Wohlfahrt – Robert Frind, Johann Dihanich, Josef Degeorgi, Erich Obermayer, Ernst Baumeister (102. Gerald Glatzmayer), Ewald Türmer, Herbert Prohaska, Džemal Mustedanagić (46. Gerhard Steinkogler), Alfred Drabits, Toni Polster coach:Hermann Stessl

## Top goalscorers
## References
Blackboards

***Blackboards*** (, *Takhté siah*) is a 2000 Iranian Italian Japanese war drama movie directed by Samira Makhmalbaf. It stars Said Mohamadi, Behnaz Jafari, Bahman Ghobadi and Rafat Moradi.

## Other websites 
*
Rubens de Falco

**Rubens de Falco da Costa** (October 19, 1931 – August 22, 2008) was a Brazilian actor best known for his work in telenovelas, most notably his portrayal as a slave owner in the 1976 telenovela, *Escrava Isaura* (*The Slave Isaura*) and the 1986 telenovela *Sinhá Moça* (*Little Missy*).

## Career
De Falco was born in São Paulo, Brazil on October 19, 1931. He began his acting career in the local theater. In 1955, he joined the group "*Os Jograis*", of São Paulo, and played beside such actors as Ruy Afonso, Italo Rossi and Felipe Wagner. He made his cinema debut in 1952, in the movie *Apassionata*, for the movie studio Companhia Cinematográfica Vera Cruz.

In television, he had big roles in telenovelas such as *O Rei dos Ciganos* (1967), *A Rainha Louca* (1967), *O Passo dos Ventos* (1968), *Gabriela* (1975), *O Grito* (1975), *Escrava Isaura* (1976), *Dona Xepa* (1977), *A Sucessora* (1978) and *Sinhá Moça* (1986).

Perhaps his best-known work came in 1976, when he played the cruel villain Leôncio Almeida, a powerful farm owner and ruthless slave owner in the telenovela *Escrava Isaura*. He never married, had no children and left no heirs.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
*
A Song for the Lovers

"**A Song for the Lovers**" is a 2000 debut single by Richard Ashcroft and is the leading single from his debut studio album *Alone with Everybody*. It went to number 2 in Scotland, number 3 in the United Kingdom, number 6 in Canada, number 9 in Italy, number 11 in Ireland and number 42 in New Zealand.

## Track listings
**UK CD, 12-inch, and cassette single** 
# "A Song for the Lovers" (album version)
# "(Could Be) A Country Thing, City Thing, Blues Thing"
# "Precious Stone"

**European CD single** 
# "A Song for the Lovers" (album version)
# "(Could Be) A Country Thing, City Thing, Blues Thing"

## References
Karren Brady

Baroness **Karren Rita Brady** CBE (born 4 April 1969) is a British businesswoman and television personality. 

She is a former managing director of Birmingham City F.C. and current vice-chairman of West Ham United F.C. She is also one of Alan Sugar's aides on British version of *The Apprentice*. 

In 2014, Brady became a member of the House of Lords.

## References
Roti

**Roti** is a type of Indian flatbread made using different flours. It is a staple food in many parts of India and other South Asian countries. Roti can be made from wheat flour, rice flour, millet flour, corn flour, or a combination of these. The dough is kneaded with water and sometimes salt, oil, or ghee. Then it is rolled into thin circles and cooked on a hot griddle or tawa. Roti can be eaten plain or with various accompaniments such as curries, dal, pickles, chutneys, or yogurt. Roti is also known by different names in different regions, such as chapati, phulka, paratha, naan, kulcha, or bhakri.

## Variants

File:Roti-obaid.jpg|Roti in the Indian subcontinent
File:Roti Prata Curry Large.JPG|Singaporean roti prata served with curry
File:Plainrotiparatha.jpg|Plain *roti paratha*
File:Roti Wrap Trafasie.jpg|A roti wrap with boiled egg and smoked chicken in the Netherlands
File:Thalichapati.jpg|Indian *thali* with *chapati*
File:Lunch special at Pakwan.jpg|Tandoori roti served with other dishes in an Indian restaurant
File:Rumali roti.jpg|A chef preparing *rumali roti* in India
File:Bajhar_ji_maani.jpg|Bajhar ji maani (bajra roti) in Tharparkar, Sindh
File:A thali with daal roti bhindi ki sabzi and mango pickle.jpg|Spicy vegetables served with rotis
File:Roti pisang.jpg|Roti stuffed with bananas

## References
Leopold Lainer

**Leopold **"**Leo**"** Lainer** (born September 10, 1960) is a former Austria international footballer. He played mainly for SV Austria Salzburg and SK Rapid Wien.  He  made more than 500 appearances in the Austrian Bundesliga.
## Career
He started with his local club SK Maishofen. From there he went to SV Austria Salzburg. In 1982 he went on to SK Rapid Wien. 1988 he went to FC Wacker Innsbruck. In 1990 he came back to Salzburg. In 1996 he ended his professional career. After that he played at amateur level for different clubs mainly around Salzburg (SV Gerasdorf, SV Seekirchen 1945, PSV/Schwarz-Weiß Salzburg, FC Bergheim, SV Bad Ischl ). In 2005 his career ended.
## International career
His debut in the national team was on 17 November 1982 against Turkey (4-0) in Vienna. His last match was on 17 August 1994 against Russia (0-3) in Klagenfurt. 
## Career statistics 
### International 
:''Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Lainer goal.''

## Manager
After the end of his career he worked as an assistant coach for FC Pasching. Then he was a scout with FC Red Bull Salzburg. He also was coach in the Salzburg academy with the U15 and U16 team.

## Personal life
His son Stefan Lainer is also a professional footballer. His daughter Franziska is also active as a football player and coach.

## Honours
* Austrian Football Bundesliga winner: 1983, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1994, 1995, 1997.
* Austrian Cup winner: 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1989.
* UEFA Cup Winners' Cup finalist: 1985.
* UEFA Cup finalist: 1994.

## References
Masked Singer

***The Masked Singer*** is a reality TV game show. It originated in South Korea. It has been adapted into many versions across the world in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom.

## Format 
Celebrity contestants perform a song in elaborate masks or head-to-toe costumes which disguise their identity. The panellists will then guess the identity based on clues the singers give about themselves. After the performances, the audience votes for their favourite. The celebrity with the least votes is eliminated and must reveal their identity. At the end of the competition, only one celebrity remains and they win the show.
Tswe

**Tswe** (Ꚏ ꚏ; italics: *Ꚏ ꚏ*) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is drawn by adding a long tail to the bottom of the letter tse (Ц ц *Ц ц*).

Tswe is used in an old orthography of the Abkhaz language, where it represents the labialized aspirated voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /t͡ɕʷʰ/.
Aavo

**Aavo** is a name given to boys in Estonia. It's not an uncommon name and as of January 1st, 2021, it was the 220th most popular name given to baby boys in the country. The name is especially popular in Põlva County, where 12.12 out of every 10,000 people in the county have the name Aavo.

## People 
* Aavo Mölder (born 1944), politician
* Aavo Ots (born 1951), trumpet player, conductor and music teacher
* Aavo Pikkuus (born 1954), cyclist
Ababu

**Ababu** can be used as both a first name and a last name.

## People 
* Josephat Ababu (born 1980), Kenyan cricketer
* Ababu Namwamba (born 1975), Kenyan politician and lawyer
Aban

**Aban** is a last name of Persian origin that comes from the Arabic name إبان. It can also be used as a first name.

## People 
* Aban ibn Uthman, one of the Tabi'un and son of Uthman
* Aban Marker Kabraji, Pakistani biologist and academic
Izhitsa

**Izhitsa or** **Izhica** (Ѵ, ѵ; italics: *Ѵ ѵ*; OCS: Ѷжица; Russian: Ижица, Ukrainian: Іжиця) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet and several later alphabets, usually the last letter. This letter was used to represent the phonemes(s) /v/, /i/, and/or /y/.

## Appearance and phonetic usage 
Izhitsa.svg

Cyrillic letter Izhitsa with double grave accent.svg
Stellar-wind bubble

A **stellar-wind bubble** is a cavity light-years across filled with hot gas blown into the interstellar medium by the high-velocity (many thousand km/s) stellar wind from a single massive star of type O or B. Weaker stellar winds also blow bubble structures, which are also called **astrospheres**. The heliosphere blown by the solar wind, within which all the major planets of the Solar System are embedded, is a small example of a stellar-wind bubble.

 (NGC 7635), imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope, is seven light years across]]

Stellar-wind bubbles have a two-shock structure. The freely-expanding stellar wind hits an inner firing shock, where its kinetic energy is thermalized, producing 106&nbsp;K, X-ray-emitting plasma.  The hot, high-pressure, shocked wind expands, driving a shock into the surrounding interstellar gas. If the surrounding gas is dense enough (number densities n > 0.1 \mbox{ cm}^{-3} or so), the swept-up gas radiatively cools far faster than the hot interior, forming a thin, relatively dense shell around the hot, shocked wind.

## References
The Bay Boy

***The Bay Boy*** is a 1984 Canadian coming of age biographical drama movie directed by Daniel Petrie and starring Kiefer Sutherland, Liv Ullmann, Peter Donat, Alan Scarfe, Chris Wiggins, Mathieu Carrière, Thomas Peacocke and Isabelle Mejias. It was distributed by Orion Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
*
South Downs

The **South Downs** is the chalk cliffs which are on the southern coast of England. 

Chalk is mainly in the East of the country, and runs from France right up to northern England. It was laid down in a tropical sea during the Cretaceous period. The chalk was made by tiny plankton called coccolithophores in tropical conditions.

Flint is often found in the chalk, and has a different origin. It has a different structure. It is made of silica, probably made by sponges.

## References 
*See also: Chalk
Paige Bueckers

**Paige Madison Bueckers** (born October 20, 2001) is an American basketball player with the WNBA's Dallas Wings. Bueckers was chosen first overall by the Wings in the 2025 WNBA draft after a highly decorated NCAA Division I college basketball career as a point guard for the UConn Huskies.

She went to high school at HOPKINS sofia High School in Hopkins, Minnesota. Her high school basketball career was followed closely by the media. Many colleges also recruited her, or aimed to get her to play for their women's basketball program. Bueckers chose to go to the University of Connecticut and play for the Huskies, one of the most successful college women's basketball teams ever.

Bueckers played very well as a freshman in college, being named the Player of the Year by many media writers and coaches. She helped lead the Huskies to the Final Four of the NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament as a freshman. Then as a sophomore she helped the Huskies reach the tournament's championship game, even after missing much of the year with a left knee injury. Bueckers missed her entire junior season after tearing her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
(Nice Dream)

"**(Nice Dream)**" is a song by English alternative rock band Radiohead. It is  the sixth track of their second studio album *The Bends*.

The song was made at Manor Studio under the supervision of producer John Leckie. His intention was to recreate an atmosphere similar to that of the song *My Sweet Lord* by George Harrison, putting it appropriately to the phrases a "good angel", a "garden" and a sense of mysterious belonging.

## History 
(Nice Dream) was written in 1992. Ed O'Brien  remembered Thom  Yorke playing him a cassette with a demo version of the song in the car in late 1992. On 11 February 1993 Thom along with Jonny Greenwood had premiered the song acoustically at the Studio Café, Disley, UK for *Signal Radio*. Towards the end of the tour for Pablo Honey, the lyrics had progressed.

The first version with the whole band was probably on September 3, 1993. 
When the recording sessions began in March 1994 at RAK Studios in London (Nice Dream) was one of four songs to be recorded first. They were possible candidates for the next single (the others being Sulk, The Bends and Killer Cars). The song was released on the album The Bends in March 1995.

## Lyrics and meaning
The song is a fantasy where the protagonist lives, where he is loved and cared for by the people around him. The narrator doesn't want to get out of this fantasy: he prefers the "nice dream" that lulls him into a sense of peace and security. But the beautiful dream is just a fantasy he dreamed, a fantasy he would like to live in. He actually lives in it, but is starting to recognize that it's a dream. The phrase "nice dream", is sung repeatedly as a lullaby.

That song refers to a story by Kurt Vonnegut Cat's Cradle where a crystal had been found that turns all water completely solid and someone drops it into the sea. "If you want to kill yourself you just put your finger into the water."

## References
Celeriac

**Celeriac** (*Apium graveolens* var. *rapaceum*) is a variety of celery. Its shoots and stem are edible. It came from the Mediterranean Basin.

## References
Platymantis biak

The **Luzon limestone forest frog** (*Platymantis biak*) is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines on Luzon Island.  Scientists have seen it in one place: Taft Forest on Samar Island, 140 m above sea level.

The adult male frog is about 32.3 to 39.9 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 37.4 - 42.4 mm long.  This frog has a larger body and larger disks on the ends of its toes than other frogs in *Platymantis*.  It has a mark on its back like the letter W, but it is not always easy to see.

This frog lives in places with a lot of karst rock and limestone.  Unlike some other frogs in *Platymantis*, it lives on the ground.  It does not climb trees much.

## Name
The word *biak* is Tagalog for "crag" (rock that sticks out) or "crevice" (big crack in rock).  It is called the Luzon limestone forest frog in English because it lives on Luzon Island where there is limestone rock.

## References
Dream On (Depeche Mode song)

"**Dream On**" is a 2001 song by British band Depeche Mode and is the leading single from their 10th studio album *Exciter*. It topped the charts in Denmark, Germany, Italy and Spain. It went to the top ten in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and the United Kingdom and went to number 85 in the United States.

## Track listings
**UK maxi-CD single – Mute (BONG 30)**
#"Dream On" (single version) – 3:41
#"Easy Tiger" (full version) – 4:56
#"Easy Tiger" (Bertrand Burgalat & A.S. Dragon Version) – 4:51

**European 12-inch maxi-single – Mute/Virgin (8975356)**
#"Dream On" (Bushwacka Tough Guy Mix)
#"Dream On" (Dave Clarke Acoustic Version)
#"Dream On" (Octagon Man Mix)
#"Dream On" (Kid 606 Mix)

**7-inch single – Reprise (7-16732)**
#"Dream On" (single version) – 3:39
#"Easy Tiger" (Bertrand Burgalat & A.S. Dragon Version) – 4:52
#"Dream On" (Bushwacka Tough Guy Vocal Mix) – 6:07
#"Dream On" (Bushwacka Blunt Mix) – 6:47
#"Dream On" (Dave Clarke Club Mix) – 5:13

## References
Warren Saunders

**Warren Joseph Saunders** (18 July 1934 – 1 March 2023). He was an Australian cricketer who played for New South Wales in the Sheffield Shield.

## Other websites
*
2024 Delaware gubernatorial election

The **2024 Delaware gubernatorial election** was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, to elect the governor of Delaware. Incumbent Governor John Carney was term limited through the state's constitution and could not run for reelection to a third term.

## Background 
### Eligibility and requirements 
Section 6 of the Delaware Constitution states for a person to serve as governor must:

* be a citizen of the United States for at least 12 years
* be at least 30 years old.
* be a permanent resident of Delaware for at least six years.

The state's constitution forbids anyone from being elected governor more than twice.

## References
Abatte

Abatte can be used as both a first name and a last name.

## People 
* Julio César Abatte, Argentine footballer
* Abatte Barihun (born 1967), Israeli jazz saxophonist and composer
Abba (name)

Abba is a word that comes from the Semitic languages and means "father". It is often used as a name for babies, but it was also used to show respect for religious leaders or scholars. The word "abbot" has the same origin.

## People 
* Abba of Acre (3rd century), Jewish religious scholar
* Abba Arika (175-247), Jewish/Babylonian religious scholar
* Abba bar Abba (2nd-3rd century), Jewish/Babylonian religious scholar
Slave to Love

"**Slave to Love**" is a 1985 song by Bryan Ferry and is the leading single from his sixth studio album *Boys and Girls*. It went to number 5 in Norway, number 8 in Ireland, number 9 in Italy, number 10 in the United Kingdom, number 11 in Belgium and New Zealand, number 18 in Switzerland and number 29 in Australia. It has been covered by Gwen Stefani.

## Track listings
### 7"
# "Slave to Love"
# "Valentine" (Instrumental)

### 12" UK Single: E'G Records / FERRx 1 881873-1
# "Slave to Love" (Special 12" Re-Mix) – 5:56
# "Slave to Love" (Instrumental) – 4:23
# "Valentine" (Instrumental) – 4:00

## References
My Friends (Red Hot Chili Peppers song)

"**My Friends**" is a 1995 song by Red Hot Chili Peppers and is the fourth track from their sixth studio album *One Hot Minute*. It went to number 4 in Iceland, number 11 in Canada, number 15 in Australia, number 17 in the Netherlands, number 20 in New Zealand, number 29 in the United Kingdom and number 40 in France.

## Track listings
**CD single (1995)**
# "My Friends" (album)
# "Coffee Shop" (album)
# "Let's Make Evil" (previously unreleased)
# "Stretch" (previously unreleased)

**CD version 2 (1995)**
# "My Friends" (album)
# "Coffee Shop" (album)
# "Let's Make Evil" (previously unreleased)

**12-inch single (1995)**
# "My Friends" (album)
# "Coffee Shop" (album)
# "Let's Make Evil" (previously unreleased)
# "Stretch" (previously unreleased)

## References
Abas (name)

**Abas** can be used as both a first name and a last name.

## People 
* Abas Arslanagić (born 1944), Bosnian handball player
* Abas Basir (born 1968), Afghan academic and politician
* Abas Ermenji (1913–2003), Albanian politician and historian