open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Xosé María Díaz Castro

**Xosé María Díaz Castro** (19 February 1914, Guitiriz – 2 October 1990, Lugo) was a Galician poet and translator.

Galician Literature Day is dedicated to him in 2014.

## Work
**Nimbos* (1961) .

### Authors that he translated
To Spanish: Verner von Heidenstam, Henrik Pontoppidan, Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Rainer Maria Rilke, William Butler Yeats, T. S. Eliot, Walt Whitman, G. K. Chesterton, Frederick Forsyth, Friedrich Schiller, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Valéry, Alphonse de Lamartine and Paul Claudel.

To English: Federico García Lorca and Rafael Alberti.

## References
### Further information
*AAVV; *Homenaxe a X. M. Díaz Castro *, Xermolos, Guitiriz, 1987, 192 p., .
*Blanco Torrado, A.; *A ascensión dun poeta, Xosé María Díaz Castro*, Caixa Galicia, Santiago, 1995, 143 p., .
*Requeixo, Armando; *Xosé María Díaz Castro, vida e obra* , Editorial Galaxia, Vigo, 2014, 200 p., .

## Other websites 
*PoetaDiazCastro.com
* *A lus do mundo* (14'43) IES Poeta Díaz Castro (YouTube).
* *O instante eterno* (9'52) (Vimeo).
M. Karunanidhi

**Muthuvel Karunanidhi** (3 June 1924 &ndash; 7 August 2018) was an Indian politician. He has served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu five different times. He is the former president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), a Dravidian political party in the state of Tamil Nadu. He has been the leader of the DMK since the death of its founder, C. N. Annadurai, in 1969.

Karunanidhi was born in Thirukuvalai, Tiruvarur, British India. He was an atheist. Karunanidhi died in Chennai at a hospital from multiple organ failure on 7 August 2018, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
Oath of office of the president of the United States

being given the oath of office by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger on January 21, 1985.]]

The **oath of office of the president of the United States** is an oath that the president takes as he takes office. The chief justice gives the oath to the president of the United States. 

The oath is ordered by the United States Constitution (Article II, Section One, Clause 8), and is given before the president begins his term of office. 

This is what the oath says:

It is unknown how many presidents used a Bible or added the words "So help me God" at the end of the oath, or in their acceptance of the oath, as neither is required by law.

## References
Iran hostage crisis

The **Iran hostage crisis** was a diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States. Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days (November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981). 
 in 1979]]

It happened after a group of Iranian students supporting the Iranian Revolution took over the US Embassy in Tehran. President Jimmy Carter called the hostages "victims of terrorism and anarchy," adding that "the United States will not yield to blackmail."

The U.S. tried to free the hostages during the crisis, but failed when rescue officials were killed in a helicopter crash.

The hostages were released just as Ronald Reagan was being inaugurated as President.

## References
## Other websites
Pierre Cardin

**Pierre Cardin** (, , ), (born **Pietro Cardin**; 2 July 1922 &ndash; 29 December 2020) was an Italian-born French fashion designer. Cardin was known for his avant-garde style and his Space Age designs. Cardin was made UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador in 1991 however he was in a four year relationship with actress Jeanne Moreau in the 1960s.

Cardin died on 29 December 2020 at a hospital in Neuilly-sur-Seine, at the age of 98.

## References
## Other websites
33 BC

Year **33 BC** was either a common year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Octavian and Tullus**.

## Events 
* Mark Antony annexed the kingdom of Media
* The Kinambroi surrendered to Octavian
* Crown Prince Ao ascends the throne in China as Emperor Cheng of Han

## Deaths 
* Tiberius Nero, father of Tiberius (b. c. 85 BC)
* Emperor Yuan of Han (b. 75 BC)
Kinnula

**Kinnula** is a municipality in Central Finland. Almost 1,780 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kivijärvi, Lestijärvi, Perho, Pihtipudas, Reisjärvi and Viitasaari.

## Other websites 
*
35 BC

Year **35 BC** was either a common year starting on Thursday or Friday or a leap year starting on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Cornificius and Sextus**.

## Events 
* Illyria becomes a Roman province
* Pannonia is attacked by Octavian Caesar
* Sextus Pompeius defeats Gaius Furnius
* Azes I, Indo-Scythian ruler, completed the domination of the Scythians in northern India.

## Births 
*Mollius MacGillus Carterus 

## Deaths 
* Aristobulus III of Judea, high priest (drowned) (b. 53 BC)
* Sextus Pompeius, executed in Miletus (b. c. 67 BC)
36 BC

Year **36 BC** was either a common year starting on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Publicola and Nerva**.

## Events
* Publius Canidius Crassus invaded Armenia and Iberia
* June &ndash; Mark Antony launches a major offensive against the Parthians
* The Han Dynasty army defeats the Xiongnu leader Zhizhi Chanyu in the Battle of Zhizhi
* Aristobulus III becomes High Priest in Jerusalem

## Births 
* Ptolemy Philadelphus, son of Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Mark Antony (d. 29 BC)
* Vipsania Agrippina, daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Pomponia Caecilia Attica (d. AD 20)

## Deaths 
* Zhizhi Chanyu
Nancy Charest

**Nancy Charest** (November 28, 1959 &ndash; March 1, 2014) was a Canadian politician. She represented the electoral district of Matane in the National Assembly of Quebec from 2003 to 2007 as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. She was defeated by Pascal Bérubé of the Parti Québécois in the 2007 provincial election. She was born in Matane, Quebec.

Charest was found dead on March 1, 2014. Her body was found on a roadside in Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec. She was 54 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Nancy Charest at the National Assembly of Quebec
Michael Fassbender

.]]

**Michael Fassbender** (born 2 April 1977) is a German and Irish actor. He is best known for appearing in the movies  *Inglourious Basterds* (2009), *X-Men: First Class* (2011), *Prometheus* (2012), *12 Years a Slave* (2013), and *X-Men: Days of Future Past* (2014).

Fassbender was born in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany (now Germany). His mother, Adele, is Irish and his father, Josef, is German. When he was two years old, his parents moved to Killarney, County Kerry, in the Republic of Ireland. He lives in London, England. He is fluent in both English and German.

## References
## Filmography
Films

300 (2007)

Solid Of Gold (2007)

Legends of Destruction (2008)

God Of War Part I (2009)

Rise and Fall (2010)

Birds (2010)

God Of War Part II (2010)

Demolished (2010)

Godzilla (2011)

X-Men First Class (2011)

Legacy (2012)

God Of War II - Killer Of The Thieves (2012)

The Lion Battle (2013)

Deathshot (2014)

The Last Airbender II (2014)

God Of War III - God Of The Seas (2014)

Macbeth (2015)

## Other websites
*
Spike Jonze

**Spike Jonze** (; born **Adam Spiegel**; October 22, 1969) is an American director, producer, screenwriter and actor. His movies include *Being John Malkovich* (1999), *Adaptation* (2002), *Where the Wild Things Are* (2009), and *Her* (2013).

Jonze was born in Rockville, Maryland. He grew up in Bethesda, Maryland and Gulph Mills, Pennsylvania.

## References
## Other websites
*
Perho

**Perho** is a municipality in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. About 2,930 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Halsua, Kinnula, Kivijärvi, Kyyjärvi, Lestijärvi, Veteli and Vimpeli.

Perho was established in 1868.

## Distances 
* Kyyjärvi 23&nbsp;km
* Kivijärvi 40&nbsp;km
* Kinnula 43&nbsp;km
* Halsua 40&nbsp;km
* Veteli 45&nbsp;km
* Karstula 49&nbsp;km 
* Kaustinen 55&nbsp;km
* Alajärvi 65&nbsp;km
* Äänekoski 110&nbsp;km
* Haapajärvi 118&nbsp;km

## Other websites 
*
Paolo Sorrentino

**Paolo Sorrentino** (born 31 May 1970) is an Italian director and screenwriter. His movies include *One Man Up* (2001), *The Consequences of Love* (2004), *The Family Friend* (2006), *Il Divo* (2008), *This Must Be the Place* (2011) and *The Great Beauty* (2013).

Sorrentino was born in Naples.

## References
## Other websites
*
John Ficarra

**John Ficarra** is an American magazine editor and publisher. He has been the editor-in-chief of *MAD Magazine* since 1984, sharing the same position for most of that time with Nick Meglin. He has been one of the editorial staff of the magazine for more than 25 years.

## References
## Other websites
*
Desmond Devlin

**Desmond Devlin** is an American comedy writer. His has worked for *MAD Magazine* for more than 25 years. He ranks as one of the magazine's four most regular non-illustrating writers.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jämijärvi

**Jämijärvi** is a municipality in Satakunta, Finland. It had about 2,000 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Ikaalinen, Kankaanpää and Parkano. Most people speak Finnish.

## Other websites 
* The official page
Sam Viviano

**Sam Viviano** (born March 13, 1953) is an American caricature artist and art director. He has been a lead artist for *MAD Magazine* since 1980.

Viviano was born in Detroit, Michigan.

## References
## Other websites
* Sam Viviano at Summit Leadership Academy High Desert
James Warhola

**James Warhola** (born March 16, 1955) is an American artist. He has illustrated dozens of children's picture books since 1987.

Warhola was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is the son of Paul Warhola, Andy Warhol's oldest brother.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Mort Drucker

**Morris** "**Mort**" **Drucker** (March 22, 1929 – April 9, 2020) was an American caricaturist and comics artist. He worked for *Mad* magazine for over 50 years. At *Mad*, he became known for his satires on leading  feature movies and television series.

Drucker was born in Brooklyn, New York City, to a Jewish family. Some sources list his birth date as March 22, 1929, and others as March 29. He died on April 9, 2020 in Woodbury, New York, at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*
What a Way to Go!

***What a Way to Go!*** is a 1964 American romantic comedy musical movie. It was directed by J. Lee Thompson. It stars Shirley MacLaine, Paul Newman, Robert Mitchum, Dean Martin, Gene Kelly, Robert Cummings and Dick Van Dyke. This movie was intended for Marilyn Monroe, but she died before the movie began filming.

## Other websites 
*
Kerser

**Scott Froml** (born 21 August 1987), better known by his stage name **Kerser**, is an Australian rapper. His best known song is "Kerser Is the Sickest". He was released a number of mixtapes and three albums since 2011. His second album *No Rest For the Sickest* reached #15 on the ARIA albums chart.

Kerser was born in Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales.

## References
## Other websites
*
Prempeh I

**Prempeh I** (Otumfuo Nana Prempeh I, 18 December 1870 &ndash; 12 May 1931) was the thirteenth king of the Asante state of the Kingdom of Ashanti. He ruled from March 26, 1888 until his death in 1931.

## References
Bruce Vilanch

**Bruce Vilanch** (born November 23, 1948) is an American comedian, songwriter and actor. He is best known for his four-years on *Hollywood Squares*, as a celebrity participant and head writer for the show. He has won six Emmy Awards. From 2000 to 2014, he was the head writer for the Oscars. For ten years before this role, he was the Oscar program co-writer. He is also a featured writer for the Tonys, Grammys and Emmys.

Vilanch was born in New York City, New York. He grew up in Paterson, New Jersey. He was adopted when he was four days old. He was raised in a Jewish family. He studied at the Ohio State University (OSU). He is openly gay.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Erectile disfunction

**Erectile dysfunction** (**ED**, also called **impotence**) is a condition where a man cannot get or keep an erection during sexual intercourse. Many conditions can cause erectile dysfunction. These include heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity, tobacco use, overuse of alcohol, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, depression, and conflict with a partner.

## References
Head writer

A **head writer** is a person who oversees a team of writers. This is usually on a television or radio series. The title is also common in the soap opera genre, as well. Head writers are common to comedy sketches, game shows and talk shows that feature monologues and comedy skits. In most primetime series this function is generally performed by an executive producer. It is the head writer's job to do the final editing.

## References
Connected

**"Connected"** is an electronic pop song by Stereo MCs. This song was released in September 1992. It was #20 on *Billboard* Hot 100 and #18 on UK Top 75 Chart. The song appeared in several television programs and movies.

The song samples the disco classic song "Let Me (Let Me be Your Lover)" by Jimmy Bo Horne. The full length of the song is five minutes and 16 seconds.
AgustaWestland AW139

The **AgustaWestland AW139** is an Italian and British helicopter. It is used both by militaries and civilians. It's a twin turboshaft helicopter. Similars helicopters are Eurocopter EC175 and Sikorsky S-70.

## Bibliography 
* Jackson, Robert, *Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft* (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .

## References
Citroën C15

's army **Citroen C15**.]]
The **Citroën C15** is a light utility car. It was designed and built in France by Citroën. It was built between 1984 and 2005.
Zeravshan (river)

from space.]]
The **Zarafshon**  is a river in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, Central Asia. Its name, "spreader of gold" in Persian, refers to the presence of gold-bearing sands in the upper reaches of the river. To the ancient Greeks it was known as the *Polytimetus*. It was also formerly known as *Sughd River*. The river is 877 kilometres (545 mi) long and has a basin area of 17,700 square kilometres (6,800 sq mi).

A part of the river valley is known to the Kyrgyz people as **Raskam**, and the river itself is also called the Raskam River. The river is also known as the **Zarafshan River**.  The area was once claimed by the ruler of Hunza.

## References
Grumman G.159 Gulfstream

.]]
The **Grumman G.159 Gulfstream** is a twin-turboprop aircraft. It was built between 1958 and 1966 at 200 examples. It was used by both civilians and militaries users. US Navy and US Coast Guard used it.
Douglas C-74 Globemaster

The **Douglas C-74 Globemaster** is a military transport aircraft. It was built in the United States. The maiden flight was in 1945. It was used by the United States Air Force between 1946 and 1956. It was a four-engine aircraft built in all-metal. Only fourteen were built. It was used for Korean War.
Airbus A400M Atlas

The **Airbus A400M Atlas** is a military cargo aircraft. It is built in Spain by Airbus Defence & Space, part of Airbus Group. The wings are made in the UK. The cockpit and landing gear are made in France. Britain, Germany, Malaysia and Turkey all grounded their A440Ms. The six planes France has will only see limited use. Spain has stopped all testing of the planes until the cause of the crash is ed.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Airbus to continue test flights...
Rasputina (band)

**Rasputina** is a cello rock band from New York. The members are Melora Creager, Daniel DeJesus, and Dawn Miceli. The band was started in 1992 by Creager.

## History
Creager put an advertisement in The Village Voice asking for other cellists to start a rock band with her. Julia Kent, an editor of the newspaper, responded to the ad.

The band released its first album, *Thanks For the Ether*, in 1996. In 1997 they released an extended play remixed by Marilyn Manson. In 1998 the band's second album *How We Quit the Forest* was released. In 2002 *Cabin Fever* was released.
Women and video games

The connection between **women and video games** has been getting lots of interest from schools, companies, and average groups of people. In past years female gamers had only made up a small part of the final amount of gamers. In 2012 the amount of female gamers had increased to almost half the final amount of gamers. Efforts to include more female gamers have addressed the problems of male against female advertising, thinking of female gamers in a negative way, and the decrease of female video game creators. There has been some talk about making female-aimed games along with male-aimed games, or making sex-equal games should take their place.

## Related pages 
*Stereotype

## References
Jean Jaurès

**Jean Jaurès**, or **Jean Léon Jaurès** is a French politician. He was assassinated by a nationalist fanatic, Raoul Villain. Jaurès was a pacifist in Europe and was against any war. He was a socialist in France.
Jane Powell

**Jane Powell** (born **Suzanne Lorraine Bruce**; April 1, 1929 &ndash; September 16, 2021) was an American actress. She played the title character in *A Date with Judy* in 1948. She also played Tess Morgan in *Three Daring Daughters* (also 1948).

Powell was born in Portland, Oregon. She was married to actor Dickie Moore from 1988 until his death in 2015. Powell died of natural causes in Wilton, Connecticut on September 16, 2021 at the age of 92.

## References
Centimetre–gram–second system of units

The **centimetre-gram-second system** (abbreviated **CGS** or **cgs**) is a variant of the metric system.  The derived units are on the centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as a unit of mass and the second as a unit of time. The system evolved in the nineteenth century when it was used to define both electrical and mechanical units. 

The cgs units of energy and force are the *dyne* and the *erg*. 
* The *dyne* is defined as the force needed to accelerate a mass of one gram by one centimetre per second squared (cm s-2).
* The *erg* is defined as the work done when a mass of one gram is moved a distance of one centimetre against a force of one dyne.

The coherent cgs unit of pressure was the *barye* (symbol Ba). A *bayre* is one dyne per square centimeter. 
Many non-coherent units of pressure were used in the cgs system. They include:
*The *atmosphere* (atm). A standard atmosphere is 1.01325×106 Ba. 
**Millimetres of mercury* (mmHg). One millimeter of mercury is 133.32 Ba.
 
The dyne and the erg were used to define the units for electrical quantities. Two different forms of cgs units were developed. One form was developed for electrostatic units and another for electromagnetic units.  Electrical engineering units were based on the MKS (metre-kilogram-second) system instead of the CGS system.

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries many other units were defined using cgs units. In 1960 the BIPM published the International System of Units (SI) which was based on the metre, the kilogram, the second and the ampere. SI has now replaced the CGS system of units in most applications.
Frost heaving

**Frost heaving** is the lifting of frozen soil, caused by water rising from below to the level in the soil where it freezes, accumulates as ice, and pushes the soil above it upwards.

## Related pages
*Permafrost

## References
Format war

A **format war** is the competition between two or more different formats to become the industry standard. Standards are important in every industry and format wars are common.  Sometimes the winning format is technically the best, but usually the different formats have different advantages. Being first or being cheaper can also help one design win out over its rivals. 

## Examples 
*Direct current vs. Alternating current for power distribution.
*Various Rail gauges
*wax cylinders vs. the Gramophone record for early music recordings
*VHS vs. Betamax for video recording tape
*Microsoft and Intel (Wintel) vs. Apple Inc. and Android computer operating systems
*Blu-ray Disc vs. HD DVD for laser discs
**MiniDisc vs. CD data storage
**DVD+R vs. DVD-R data and information

## References
Gordon Tullock

**Gordon Tullock** (February 13, 1922 &ndash; November 3, 2014) was an American economist and a Professor of Law and Economics at the George Mason University School of Law. He was best known for his work on public choice theory. The theory was about political science and political issues. He is one of the founding figures in his field.

Tullock was born in Rockford, Illinois. He was raised in Chicago. Tullock studied at the University of Chicago. He worked with fellow economist James M. Buchanan.

On November 3, 2014, Tullock died in Des Moines, Iowa. He was aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* Faculty Biography from George Mason University 
* Tullock's bio at the Mercatus Center
* Profile of Tullock in National Review
Taivalkoski

**Taivalkoski** is a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. About 4,250 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kuusamo, Posio, Pudasjärvi and Suomussalmi.

## Other websites 
*
Wu Tianming

**Wu Tianming** (5 December 1939 &ndash; 4 March 2014) was a Chinese movie director and producer. He was considered one of the leading "Fourth Generation" directors. He was born in Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province.

Wu Tianming died from a heart attack on 4 March 2013. He was 74 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Xu Chongde

**Xu Chongde** (15 January 1929 &ndash; 3 March 2014) was a Chinese legal expert, professor and political scientist. He was a member of the Communist Party of China in the People's Republic of China. He was born in Qingpu, Shanghai.

Xu Chongde died on 3 March 2014 in Beijing. He was 85 years old.

## References
Eckart Höfling

**Eckart Höfling** (28 October 1936 &ndash; 1 March 2014) was a German Catholic priest. He was best known for working in the fight against poverty in Brazil. He was born in Langenprozelten, Lower Franconia.

Höfling died after a long illness on 1 March 2014 in Main-Spessart, Bavaria. He was 77 years old.

## References
Michael Shea (writer)

**Michael Shea** (1946 &ndash; February 16, 2014) was an American writer. His genres included fantasy, horror, and science fiction. He has won "year's best" World Fantasy Awards for the novel *Nifft the Lean* and the novella *Growlimb*. He was born in Culver City, California.

Michael Shea died unexpectedly on February 16, 2014. He was 67 years old. He was outlived by his wife and two children. 

## References
Stan Rickaby

**Stanley "Stan" Rickaby** (12 March 1924 – 8 February 2014) was an English footballer. He played as a right back in West Bromwich Albion F.C.. Rickaby played one game for England, in 1953.

Rickaby was born in Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham. He died from natural causes at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*Englandstats.com profile
Blood–brain barrier

supplying brain cells]]

The **blood–brain barrier** (**BBB**) is a highly selective  barrier. It controls what gets from the bloodstream into the brain, and what does not.

For example, things that the brain needs to survive (water, glucose, and amino acids) can get through the barrier.  However, the barrier stops many harmful things, like bacteria and viruses, from getting into the brain.  This helps protect the brain from getting an infection.

The blood-brain barrier is formed by capillary endothelial cells. It allows the passage of water, some gases, and lipid-soluble molecules by passive diffusion. It also allows the selective transport of molecules such as glucose and amino acids which are crucial to nerve function. On the other hand, the blood-brain barrier may prevent the entry of neurotoxins by means of an active transport mechanism. 

A few small areas in the brain do not have a blood-brain barrier. 

## Discovery 
Paul Ehrlich, a German doctor, discovered the blood-brain barrier.  He injected dye into mice's bloodstreams.  The dye got to every organ except the brain.  The blood-brain barrier had stopped the dye from getting through to the brain.  Then one of Ehrlich's students injected the dye right into the mice's brains.  This time the brain turned blue, but no other organs did.  The blood-brain barrier had stopped the dye from getting out of the brain into the bloodstream (which would have carried the dye to every other organ in the body).

## Function 
The blood–brain barrier protects the brain from many common infections.  Infections of the brain are rare.  If they do happen, they are often serious and difficult to treat.  Antibodies (which the body's immune system makes to fight infections) are too large to cross the blood–brain barrier.  Also, many antibiotics cannot pass through the BBB to kill the infection in the brain. 

One way to get medications into the brain is to inject them into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).  CSF helps protect the brain and spinal cord.  However, it does not actually touch the brain.  Instead, two of the layers that protect the brain and spinal cord hold the CSF.  Because of this, even if medications are injected right into the CSF, they still do not get into the brain very well. 

Some bacteria, viruses, and other things can get through the blood-brain barrier and damage the brain.  For example:
* Spirochaete bacteria like *Borrelia* (which causes Lyme disease) and *Treponema pallidum* (which causes syphilis). 
* Some viruses, like the West Nile virus and the polio virus
* Alcohol and many illegal drugs, like heroin and cocaine

## Related pages 
* Psychoactive drugs (drugs which can cross the blood-brain barrier)

## References
Sammaljoki

**Sammaljoki** might mean:

* A village in Sastamala, Finland
* River Sammaljoki in the village, Sastamala. The river is also called Sammunjoki
Kemiönsaari

**Kemiönsaari** is a municipality in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014 about 7,000 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Salo, Raasepori, Hanko, Parainen and Sauvo.

It was created on 1 January 2009, when the former municipalities of Dragsfjärd, Kimito and Västanfjärd were merged into the municipality.

Most people in Kemiönsaari speak Swedish.

## Other websites 
* 
* website, English (Finish and Swedish pages also available)
Sauvo

**Sauvo** is a municipality in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014 about 3,025 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Kaarina, Kemiönsaari, Parainen, Paimio and Salo. 

Most people in Sauvo speak Finnish.

## Other websites 
* 
* website
Valtimo

**Valtimo** was a municipality in North Karelia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 2,385 people lived there. Municipalities next to it are Nurmes, Rautavaara and Sotkamo. It was merged with the town of Nurmes on 1 January 2020.

## Other websites
* Site
Rautavaara

**Rautavaara** is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. About 1,780 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Juankoski, Juuka, Kuopio, Lapinlahti, Nurmes, Sonkajärvi, Sotkamo and Valtimo.

## Other websites 
* Rautavaara website
Stag beetle

**Stag beetles** are a family of about 1,200 species of beetles in the family *Lucanidae*. They are first found in the mid Jurassic period.

Male stag beetles use their jaws to wrestle with each other. They fight over females and over food, such as tree sap or decaying fruits. Despite their appearance they are not normally aggressive to humans. Adults spend the winter underground in the soil and usually emerge from mid-May onwards. They can fly, and need to because they have to cover large distances.

The larvae live in rotting wood for several years going through three larval stages.

A well-known species in much of Europe is *Lucanus cervus*, known as *the* stag beetle. It is the largest land insect in Europe.

## References
Mark Freidkin

**Mark Iehielvich Freidkin** (; 14 April 1953 &ndash; 4 March 2014) was a Soviet and Russian poet, writer, translator, and singer. He wrote three books of prose. He was born in Leninobod (now Khujand, Tajikstan) and studied in Moscow. He was of Jewish descent.

Freidkin died after a long illness on 4 March 2014 in Moscow. He was 60.

## References
## Other websites
*
System of units

A **system of units** is a collection of units of measurement. The quantities described by the units are related to each other by specific rules. These rules may not contradict each other. An example of a system like this is one needed for the problems of the economic system.

## Base and derived units
Some of the units are called "base units". These units can be defined by arbitrarily.*
::*Pferdestärke = 75 × kilogram-force × metres /seconds''
:The equations in the MKS-gravitational system have factors 75 and 9.80655. The system is therefore not is therefore not a coherent.

## Related pages 
* System of measurement
## Notes 
## References
Marsha M. Linehan

**Marsha M. Linehan** (born May 5, 1943) is an American psychologist and writer. She made a new kind of psychotherapy called dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Linehan is a Professor of Psychology, Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle.

## Early life
Linehan was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She was diagnosed with schizophrenia in March 1961 at The Institute of Living in Hartford, Connecticut. She was an inpatient there for 2 years and 2 months. She was given thorazine and lithium as treatment. She believes that she was misdiagnosed and that she actually had borderline personality disorder.

In 1971 Linehan was given her Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Loyola University Chicago.

## Career
After she left university, Linehan did an internship at The Suicide Prevention and Crisis Service in Buffalo, New York from 1971 to 1972. During that time Linehan was also an assistant professor at University at Buffalo, The State University of New York.

In 1973 Linehan went back to Loyola University to work as a professor for two years. In 1977 Linehan became an assistant professor in the Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences department of the University of Washington.

## References
Vito LoGrasso

**Vito Joseph LoGrasso** (born June 18, 1964 in Brooklyn) is an American professional wrestler. He is known under the ring names **Big Vito** and just **Vito**. He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He also spent a short time in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

On September 2013, he opened a wrestling school in Clearwater, Florida.

## Championships
***Atomic Championship Wrestling**
**ACW Tristate Championship (one time)
***American Championship Pro Wrestling**
**ACPW Heavyweight Championship (one time, **current**)
***Big Time Wrestling**
**BTW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
***Deep South Wrestling**
**Deep South Heavyweight Championship (one time)
***European Wrestling Promotion**
**Ironman Hardcore Knockout Tournament (2002)
***Golden Cine Professional Wrestling**
**Pro Wrestling Heavyweight Championship of Nepal (one time)
***International Wrestling Association**
**IWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship (one time)
***Midwest Championship Wrestling Alliance**
**MCWA Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Helmut Hessler)
***United States Extreme Wrestling**
**UXW United States Championship (one time)
***World Championship Wrestling**
**WCW Hardcore Championship (two times) (won jointly with Johnny the Bull)
**WCW World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Johnny the Bull)

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*
Bikini Kill

**Bikini Kill** was an American punk rock band. The band was started in October 1990 in Olympia. The band's members were singer Kathleen Hanna, guitarist Billy Karren, bassist Kathi Wilcox, and drummer Tobi Vail.

## History
The band was started in Olympia, Washington by Kathleen Hanna (vocals), Billy Karren (guitar), Kathi Wilcox (bass), and Tobi Vail (drums).  They released a demo cassette tape in 1991. They were then signed to Kill Rock Stars. Their first extended play *Bikini Kill* was released on the label. In September 1993 the band's first album *Pussy Whipped* was released. The band's last album, *Reject All American* was released in 1996. In 1997 the band broke up. In 2012 *Bikini Kill* was released again. In 2014 *Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah* was released again.

## References
Division of Fisher

The **Division of Fisher** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1949 and is named after Andrew Fisher, three times Prime Minister of Australia. It covers the Sunshine Coast area north of Brisbane. It includes the towns of Caloundra, Mooloolaba, Beerwah, Maleny, Woodford and Kilcoy.  He stayed in parliament as an independent member. He resigned as speaker on 9 October 2012.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Fisher (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
Division of Flynn

The **Division of Flynn** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up for the 2007 federal election. The electorate covers the areas west from the port city of Gladstone, as far as the town of Emerald. It was named after John Flynn, founder of the Royal Flying Doctor Service.

## Formation
In June 2006, the Australian Electoral Commission announced that the new division would be named Wright. This would honour Judith Wright for her life as a "poet and in the areas of arts, conservation and indigenous affairs in Queensland and Australia". Many people complained because the name could be linked to disgraced former Queensland ALP leader Keith Wright. Instead the AEC named the seat after John Flynn.

## Members
## Election results
## References 
## Other websites
* Division of Flynn (Qld) &mdash; Australian Electoral Commission
* Ken O'Dowd's website
Aichi D3A

The **Aichi D3A** is a Japanese light bomber of the World War II. It was used by the Japanese navy. The plane was used in two famous battles: Pearl Harbor bombing and the Battle of Midway. It was nicknamed **Val** by the Allied forces. Some were used as kamikaze planes, like many other aircraft in Japan during World War II.

## References 
*
Emmanuel Kriaras

**Emmanuel G. Kriaras** (; 28 November 1906 &ndash; 22 August 2014)

Kriaras died in Thessaloniki, Greece from a heart attack.

## References
Zhou Youguang

**Zhou Youguang**  born **Zhou Yaoping**  13 January 1906 &ndash; 14 January 2017) was a Chinese linguist and writer. He was sometimes called the "father of Hanyu Pinyin". Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization of Chinese in the People's Republic of China. He also wrote many books banned by the government of China.

Zhou was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu. In 1933, he married Zhang Yunhe. She died on 14 August 2002. They had two children together Zhou Xiaoping (1934&ndash;2015) and Zhou Xiaohe (1935&ndash;1941). He turned 100 in 2006. He became a supercentenarian (turning 110) in 2016.

Zhou died on 14 January 2017 at his home in Beijing, a day after his 111th birthday.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
SEPECAT

of the French Air Force.]]
**SEPECAT** (for ''Société Européenne de Production de l'avion École de Combat et d'Appui Tactique'') is an Anglo-French company which makes just one aircraft: the Jaguar. SEPECAT is the alliance of two aircraft companies: British Aircraft Corporation in UK and Breguet in France.
Focke-Wulf Fw 189

The **Focke-Wulf Fw 189** was a twin-engine military aircraft. It was flown during World War II by the *Luftwaffe* (the German air force), who used it mainly for reconnaissance. The plane was built in Germany by Focke-Wulf Aircraft Company. It had a crew of three people. The 189 was built of wood and metal. It was nicknamed *Uhu*, or owl in English.

## Bibliography 
*
Messerschmitt Me 210

The **Messerschmitt Me 210** is a military plane. It was a fighter aircraft, but was also use as a light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft. It flew for the first time in 1939. The plane turned out to be a very poor design. It was a dangerous plane to fly and had many accidents.

## References 
## Additional references 
*
Douglas A-26 Invader

The **Douglas A-26 Invader** is a twin-engined attack aircraft. It was used by the United States Army Air Force. It was also used in France and UK. The 'Invader' was used in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War by the United States. The French used it in the Algeria War. After 1948 its role in the US was changed from an attack aircraft to a bomber aircraft. The letter 'A' (for attack) in its name was changed to a 'B' (for bomber). It became the **B-26 Invader**. This caused some confusion because the Air Force already had the Martin B-26 Marauder, which was a different aircraft. Some A-26 Invaders were used during the 1950s by the United States Forest Service to fight forest fires. In this role the plane was used to put out wildfires from the air by dropping first borate, then later water and other retardants.

## References
SPRAT

.]]
The **SPRAT** (for *Système de pose rapide de travures*) is an assault bridge built on a military heavy truck. It is made in France and used by the French army. It's purpose is as a mobile bridge for military vehicles. It was used starting in 2011.

Within the forward edge of battle, the PTA is a unique gap crossing solution. The modularity offered by the PTA also provides a tactical advantage for vehicles up to class MLC 80. Since 2009, the Modular Assault Bridge has been commissioned into the French Army under the name SPRAT (Système de Pose Rapide de Travure - rapid bridge layer system).

In front of the breach, it is capable of deploying two short 14.3 m bridges or one long 26 m bridge.

The bridge is deployed from the armored cab, thus ensuring operator safety. Rapid horizontal deployment (10 minutes with 2 operators for the long bridge) ensures operational discretion.

Thanks to its stabilizing legs, the PTA can establish a bridge from unprepared banks (inclination of +/- 5%, slope of +/- 10%).

The high mechanical strength of the PTA's bridges allows the crossing of vehicles up to class MLC 80 over a gap of up to 24 meters in a repetitive manner as they are stress and fatigue qualified according to the FINABEL code.

Equipped with a digital, automated combat system (including an IR camera, operator interface and telemetry), the Modular Assault Bridge can be used day or night.

Weighing less than 60 metric tons, it can be driven on ordinary roads and can also be transported by air.

The assault bridge SPRAT is manufactured by the French company CNIM.
Anaconda Plan

The **Anaconda Plan** was used during the American Civil War to "squeeze" the life out of pro-slavery Southern states. General Winfield Scott proposed the plan.

## Details 
The plan began with blockading Southern ports. Next the Union Army would advance down the Mississippi River, cutting the South in two. After a year of  fighting, it was finally put into .

## References
Jim Cornette

**James Mark "Jim" Cornette** (born September 17, 1961) is an American retired manager, commentator, promoter, and booker.

He is best known for his work in Jim Crockett Promotions, World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He was also the owner of Smoky Mountain Wrestling from 1991 to 1995. He has also appeared as an on-screen character in an authoritative role for Ring of Honor (ROH) as the "Commissioner"  and in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) as the "Management Director" (as well as an off-screen road agent).

Cornette has expressed his hatred for Vince Russo and WWE Producer Kevin Dunn in interviews. He also mentioned in a "YouShoot" that he is an atheist.

## Championships
***Cauliflower Alley Club**
**Other honoree (1997)
***National Wrestling Alliance**
**NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2005)
***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**PWI Manager of the Year (1985, 1993, 1995)
***Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
**Class of 2012
***World Wrestling Federation**
**Slammy Award for Blue Light Special for Worst Dresser (1996)
***Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards**
**Best Booker (1993, 2001, 2003)
**Best Non-Wrestler (2006)

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*
William R. Pogue

**William Reid Pogue** (January 23, 1930 &ndash; March 4, 2014) was an American NASA astronaut, teacher, public speaker and writer. He is best known for being a crew member of Skylab 4. He was born in Okemah, Oklahoma.

Pogue died from natural causes in the morning of March 4, 2014 in his Florida home. He was 84 years old. He was outlived by his wife and three children.

## References
## Other websites
* William R. Pogue at Space Facts
Chinese people

**Chinese people** are the various ethnic groups from China, including Taiwan.

The largest of these groups is the Han Chinese. This group is often called "Chinese" or "ethnic Chinese" in English. Large numbers of Han Chinese live in countries other than China. They may make up as much as 29% of the world's population.

Other ethnic groups in China include the Zhuang, Hui, Manchu, and Uyghurs, among many others. The People's Republic of China (PRC) officially recognises 56 ethnic groups. Taiwan (Republic of China, ROC) officially recognises 14 tribes of Taiwanese aborigines. The list of ethnic groups in China includes the major ethnic groups of China (PRC) and Taiwan.

## Related pages
* Chinese American
* British Chinese
* Chinese Canadian
* China population
* List of Chinese scientists

## References
Wonder (R.J. Palacio novel)

## Overview 
***Wonder*** is a children's novel written by R.J. Palacio. *Wonder* was ranked #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list. It was also on the Texas Bluebonnet Award master list. 

This novel is about a boy named August "Auggie" Pullman. He is not a normal boy because he has a disease called Treacher Collins Syndrome. He has had two or three face surgeries every year, but will not need one for a couple of years as of the beginning of the book. He was home-schooled for most of his life due to having to have many surgeries, and him being very small and sickly, but is going to Beecher Prep middle school as he has become more healthy.

The book is from the point of view of August and different people in his life.

## Characters 
## References
Alice in Videoland

**Alice in Videoland** is an electroclash band from Sweden. The band started in 2002. Toril Lindqvist is the singer. 

## History
In 2003 the band released their first album *Maiden Voyage* in Sweden. In 2005 they released their second album *Outrageous!*. The band was signed by the American record label Storming The Base. In 2008 the band's third album ''She's a Machine!'' was released. "She's a Machine" was released as the album's first single. In 2010 the band's fourth album ''A Million Thoughts and They're All About You'' was released.

## References
Molly Meldrum

**Ian Alexander** "**Molly**" **Meldrum** AM (born 29 January 1943) is an Australian music critic, journalist, record producer and entrepreneur. He is best known for presenting the popular music  *Countdown* (1974&ndash;87). His trademark accessory is his Stetson hat which is commonly mistaken for an Akubra.

Meldrum was born in Orbost, Victoria. He is openly gay. In December 2011, he fell from a ladder in his backyard. After being rushed to The Alfred Hospital, he was placed under intensive care in a sedated state and had surgery for his head injuries. As well as the head injuries, he also had a broken shoulder, broken ribs, a punctured lung and cracked vertebrae.

## References
## Other websites
*
SEPECAT Jaguar

The **SEPECAT Jaguar** is a twin-turbojet military aircraft. It was designed and built as an attack aircraft, also used as a training aircraft. It was built by SEPECAT, an Anglo-French company. It first flew in 1968. ''Armée de l'Air'' and Royal Air Force were the main users. It was used in wars in Africa by French, and in Gulf War and Afghanistan War by British and French.
It's also built under licence in India as **Jaguar International**.

## Users 
Apart ''Armée de l'Air'' and Royal Air Force the Jaguar was purchased by Ecuador, India, Nigeria and Oman.
Kessler Syndrome

(GSO). There are two primary debris fields: the ring of objects in GSO and the cloud of objects in low Earth orbit (LEO).]]

The **Kessler syndrome** (or **Kessler effect**, is a cascade effect. It was suggested by NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler in 1978. The scenario occurs when the  space pollution is high enough for collisions between objects to occur.

There is a satellite in orbit that is large and inactive, making it count as space debris, but it is in an orbit with a large amount of space debris. Two known objects get within 200m of it every year. This could cause a lot of space debris, inducing a domino effect with more collisions.

## Avoiding Kessler syndrome 
Satellite manufacturers must demonstrate that their satellite can safely destroy itself or boost itself into a higher or lower orbit, known as a graveyard orbit, to avoid keeping unused satellites in common orbits for other satellites.

## Related pages
* Space debris
* *Gravity* (movie), a 3D movie showing space debris and a form of Kessler Syndrome.

## References
Vince Russo

**Vincent James "Vince" Russo** (born January 24, 1961) is an American creative writer and author. He is known for his work in professional wrestling. He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

During his time writing for the WWF and WCW, he was known for contributing edgy storylines that included profanity, storylines involving sexual content, swerves or unexpected heel turns, as well as worked shoots in the storylines. Russo mentions on the back of his book *Rope Opera* that he has "been known as both the savior of Vince McMahon's WWF and the man who destroyed WCW."

He most recently worked with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. On February 14, 2012, TNA President Dixie Carter announced that TNA and Russo had parted ways during the week.

In October 2003, he became a Born Again Christian.

## Championships
***World Championship Wrestling**
**WCW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

## References
## Other websites
*
Robert Sumner

**Robert L. Sumner**  (August 3, 1922 – December 5, 2016) was an American Christian author, Baptist pastor and evangelist. He was the editor of the fundamentalist newspaper *The Biblical Evangelist*.

Sumner was born in Norwich, New York. He studied at Norwich High School and Baptist Bible College & Seminary. 

## References
Cyclostome

The **cyclostomes** (or cyclostomi) are the lamprey and hagfish. They are the only two living jawless fish, the Agnatha.

Recent molecular data from rRNA, and from mtDNA, show that these living agnathans are monophyletic. There are about 100 species. Hagfish are vertebrates but do not have vertebrae. It is believed that they lost their vertebrae during their lifestyle adaptations.

The name "Cyclostomata" and "Cyclostomi" means "round mouths". Their mouths cannot close due to the lack of a jaw, so they have to constantly cycle water through the mouth.

## References
Allan Funk

**Allan Eric Funk** (born July 7, 1971) is an American professional wrestler. He currently competes in Lucha Libre USA where he competes under the ring name **Chi Chi**.

He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) where he competed under the ring name **Kwee Wee** and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the name **Bruce** where he was one-half of The Rainbow Express, a stereotypical homosexual tag team with Lenny Lane.

## Championships
***Big Time Wrestling**
**BTW Ohio Tag Team Championship (one time)
***Total Nonstop Action Wrestling**
**Miss TNA (one time)

## References
## Other websites
*Archive of Kwee Wee's WCW profile
*Online World of Wrestling profile
Hans Erni

**Hans Erni** (21 February 1909 &ndash; 21 March 2015) was a Swiss painter, designer and sculptor. He was known for illustrating postage stamps, activism, lithographs for the Swiss Red Cross, and participation on the International Olympic Committee. The Hans Erni Museum, in the grounds of the Swiss Museum of Transport, contains a large collection of artwork.

Erni was born in Lucerne. He was the third of eight children. Ernie died in Lucerne on 21 March 2015 at the age of 106.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*