open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ontario Heritage Act

The **Ontario Heritage Act** is a law that was made on March 5, 1975. It lets the Province of Ontario and cities protect important buildings and other places. These places are called **designated heritage properties**.
## Listing a place under the *Act*
, saying that the building is protected under the Act.]]If a place is listed as an important place under the *Act*, the person who owns the place needs to ask the government of their city to let them change any of the important parts of the place. They also need to ask the government to let them destroy any buildings.

## Changes to the law 
Before 2005, people could still destroy buildings that were listed as important, even if the government of the city did not want to let them. They did this by waiting for 180 days after asking to destroy the building. Once 180 days were over, if the people who owned the buildings did not agree with the government of the city, the people who owned the buildings could destroy the building.

In 2005, the provincial government changed the Act.  People who own important buildings are not allowed to destroy the buildings any more if the government of the city does not let them. If the government of the city does not let them destroy the building, they are allowed to ask the Conservation Review Board to let them do it anyway. If the Conservation Review Board does not let them destroy the building, then the person who owns the building is not allowed to destroy the building.

The change also says that people who own important buildings must take care of them so that the buildings will not fall.
## Problems
There are some problems with the Ontario Heritage Act. Sometimes the government of a city will say that a place is important because they do not want anyone to make changes to the place, even though the place is not important. For example, one city said that a golf course was important because someone wanted to build houses there instead.

Another problem is that there are a lot of old churches that are important, but the people who use the churches sometimes need to make changes to the buildings because of their religion. The government of the city needs to be careful to let the people practice their religion but also needs to take care of the building.

Another problem is that there are a lot of buildings in Ontario that belong to the Government of Canada. These buildings are not protected by the *Act*. The Government of Canada has laws that protect some of these buildings, but not all of them.
## References
## Other websites 
*Ontario Heritage Act
*Canadian Register of Historic Places, search for sites designated under the Ontario Heritage Act
*Ontario Heritage Toolkit
*List of designated heritage properties in Toronto
Nymphaea pubescens

The **hairy water lily** or **pink water-lily** (*Nymphaea pubescens*) is a species of water lily. It is the Official National flower of Bangladesh respectively.

## Heraldry

National emblem of Bangladesh.svg|National emblem of Bangladesh (1972-present)

## References
Dufferin County

**Dufferin County** is a county and census division in Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Orangeville. The county covers 1,486.77 square kilometers (574.05 square miles) and its population in 2021 is 66,257.

Dufferin County was formed in 1881 from parts of Grey County, Simcoe County, and Wellington County, Ontario. It was named after Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, who was the Governor General of Canada from 1872 to 1878.

The county has four towns:
* Grand Valley
* Mono
* Orangeville
* Shelburne
It also has four townships:
* Amaranth
* East Garafraxa
* Melancthon
* Mulmur
Terrence Prendergast

**Terrence Thomas Prendergast, SJ** (born 19 February 1944) is the Archbishop of Ottawa, Canada. He was formerly the Archbishop of Halifax. Prior to that he was the titular (in title only) Bishop of Slebte and Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto. 

## Early life
Prendergast was born in Montreal. He then studied at Regis College, Toronto School of Theology, which was a part of Saint Mary's University in Halifax. There he earned a Master of Divinity and a Doctor of Theology degree.

## Professor
Prendergast taught Latin and Greek at Loyola High School in Montreal from 1967 to 1969. After he became a priest and earned his Doctor of Theology degree, he taught in Halifax at the Atlantic School of Theology from 1975 to 1981. He was the rector of Toronto's Regis College from 1981 to 1987, and its Dean of Theology from 1991 to 1994.  From 1992 to 1994 he helped Bishop Frederick Henry visit English-language Canadian seminaries for the Vatican. When he was asked to be Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto in 1995, he was a Visiting Professor at the École Biblique in Jerusalem.

## Bishop
Prendergast was chosen to become titular Bishop of Slebte and Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto on February 22, 1995. Prendergast was consecrated in St. Michael's Cathedral, Toronto, on April 25, 1995.

He became Archbishop of Halifax on September 14, 1998.  The Archbishop of Halifax is in charge of dioceses in the provinces of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Prendergast also became the Chancellor of Saint Mary's University in Halifax. This is because the university always had the archbishop as its chancellor. In 2007 the archdiocese and the university decided that the Archbishop would not be the chancellor anymore. Instead, he would be called the "Visitor" to the university.

Prendergast became the ninth Archbishop of Ottawa on June 26, 2007. He is also the Chancellor of Saint Paul University as the university has always had the archbishop as its chancellor.

## Other
Archbishop Prendergast has a sister and three brothers. He is devoted to his many nieces and nephews, as well as to his Jesuit religious family. His hobbies include squash, cycling, skating, foreign films and Italian cooking.

## References
Craig Gruber

**Craig Gruber** (June 22, 1951 &ndash; May 5, 2015) was an American rock bassist and musician. He was best known as the original bassist in the English band Rainbow. He also played in Elf with vocalist Ronnie James Dio, keyboardist Mickey Lee Soule, drummer Gary Driscoll and guitarist David Feinstein.

Gruber died from prostate cancer on May 5, 2015 in Florida, aged 63.

## References
Dysart et al, Ontario

**Dysart et al**, is the Corporation of the United Townships of Dysart, Dudley, Harcourt, Guilford, Harburn, Bruton, Havelock, Eyre and Clyde. Dysart et al is a municipality in Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada. With 68 letters, it is the longest name of any place in Canada. According to the Canada 2021 Census, it had a population of 7,182.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Municipality of Dysart et al
Myxophaga

**Myxophaga** is a small suborder of beetles. There are about  65 species of tiny beetles in four families. 

They are aquatic or semi-aquatic, and feed on algae.

## Other websites
*
Protocoleoptera

The **Protocoleoptera** are the earliest beetles in the fossil record.
:"The oldest stem-group coleopterid is early Permian, 280 mya (million years ago)... true Coleoptera did not appear until the Triassic 230mya".

Interpreting the early fossil record of beetles has been difficult because their forewings are modified as elytra. So no wing veins are visible. Wing veins are the main way insect specialists classify insects.

## References 
## Other sources 
* Arnol'di L.V. *et al* 1977. *Mesozoic Coleoptera*. transl. 1991. Simthsonian Inst. Libraries & U.S. National Science Foundation, Washington D.C.
* Crowson R.A. 1981. *The biology of the Coleoptera*. London: Academic Press.
* Ponomarenko A.C. 2003. Ecological evolution of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera). *Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia* **46** (suppl.) 316–328.
Mark Leduc

**Mark Leduc** (May 4, 1962 – July 22, 2009) was a Canadian boxer. He competed for Canada at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## Career
Leduc began his training in the East End of Toronto. His parents divorced when he was 15 and he had to live on the streets. Leduc was arrested for robbing a jewellery store at gunpoint and he was sentenced to spend six years at the Collins Bay Penitentiary in Kingston, Ontario. He was released from prison after serving 3 years.

At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, Leduc competed for Canada and was able to win a silver medal. He defeated Leonard Doroftei 13-6 and was defeated by Héctor Vinent 1-11. In 1992, he turned pro and he had limited success. He recorded a record of 4-1-0 after losing to Michel Galarneau and retired.

In 1993, Leduc spoke on CBC Radio's documentary "The Last Closet" about being a gay athlete. He was not ready to come out yet and he spoke anonymously and through a voice filter.

On July 22, 2009, Leduc collapsed in the sauna of a local hotel in Toronto and died. Doctors said that he may have died due to heat stroke.

## References
## Other websites
*Canadian Olympic team profile
Ficus benghalensis

***Ficus benghalensis***, commonly known as the **banyan**, **banyan fig** and **Indian banyan**, is a tree that grows in India and Bangladesh. Some Indian banyan trees are among the largest trees in the world. It is recognized as the National trees of both the countries of the Indian subcontinent. It is the largest canopy-holder tree of the world. It can spread up to 2000&nbsp;feet of land. It is said by its scientific name that, this mammoth tree is native and endemic to the Great Bengal Region (both Bangladesh and West Bengal of India). In Buddhism the banyan’s habit of supplanting its host tree is likened to the manner in which humans are overcome by sensual desire. Interestingly, the name ‘banyan’ came about when early Portuguese travellers to India noted that traders, or banias, set up shop in the shade of these enormous trees. Eventually the Gujarati word for ‘merchant’ became the name of the tree itself. When traveling in the fascinating country of Bangladesh, be sure to take note of the most unusual banyan tree.

## References
## Other websites
Milton, Stirling

**Milton** is a hamlet in Stirling, Scotland near the bigger village Aberfoyle. It was named after a mill that is no longer used. The mill has a cast iron millwheel from 1667.

## References
## Other websites
*Canmore - Forth House, Milton, Aberfoyle site record 
*Canmore - Milton, Jean Macalpine's Inn site record
Lokiarchaeota

The **Lokiarchaeota** are a proposed phylum of the Archaea. It was proposed in 2015 after the composite genome of ***Lokiarchaeum*** was sequenced.

## The genome 
The *Lokiarchaeum* genome has 5,381 protein coding genes. Of these, about 32% do not correspond to any known protein. 26% closely resemble archeal proteins, and 29% correspond to bacterial proteins. This is consistent with previous research which suggests significant gene transfer between bacteria and Archaea. 

A small, but significant portion of the proteins (175, 3.3%) were most similar to eukaryotic proteins. Analysis suggested the genes in question had their origin at the base of the eukaryotic clades. 

Another shared protein, actin, is used in phagocytosis by eukaryotes.

## References
Brian Sedgemore

**Brian Charles John Sedgemore** (17 March 1937 – 5 May 2015) was a Labour Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1974 until 1979, and from 1983 until 2005. He defected to the Liberal Democrats shortly before he stood down at the 2005 general election.

## References
Sam Rayburn

**Samuel Taliaferro** "**Sam**" **Rayburn** (January 6, 1882 &ndash; November 16, 1961) was an American politician. He served as the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1940 through 1947, again from 1949 through 1953, and again from 1955 through 1961.

He died of cancer at the age of 79 and is buried at Willow Wild Cemetery.

## References
## Other websites
* Obituary, NY Times, November 16, 1961, *Rayburn Is Dead; Served 17 Years As House Speaker*
* *The leadership of Speaker Sam Rayburn* published 1961, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
* "Mister Speaker", Time Magazine, September 27, 1943 
* RAYBURN: MR. SPEAKER (A feature length documentary about Sam Rayburn's life and career)
* The Friends of Sam Rayburn Website 
* Sam Rayburn House Museum Website
* Address Delivered by The Honorable Sam Rayburn at the Dedication of the Marker over the Graves of His Great-Great Grandfather Col. George Waller and his wife Ann Winston Carr, Oakwood Cemetery, Martinsville, Virginia, May 6, 1951
* Associated Press, August 16, 2014 - Letter provides peek at personal Sam Rayburn
Luiz Henrique da Silveira

**Luiz Henrique da Silveira** (February 25, 1940 – May 10, 2015) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He represented Santa Catarina in the Federal Senate since 2011. He was governor of Santa Catarina from 2003 to 2006 and 2007 to 2010. He was a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement .

da Silveira died in Joinville, Santa Catarina from a heart attack, aged 75.

## References
Archostemata

**Archostemata** is the smallest suborder of beetles. There are less than fifty known species.

Archostemata is an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics.  They are similar to the first beetles, which appear in the fossil record about 250 million years ago. The suborder contains the only paedogenic beetles, *Micromalthus debilis*.

These beetles are rare. Fossil deposits from the Permian suggest that Archostemata were once much more common and were widespread over the globe. The species which remain are just scattered vestiges of their former population.

"Abundant cladistic and fossil evidence shows the Archostematans are the basal suborder of [true] beetles",

## References 
* White, Richard E. 1983. *A field guide to beetles of North America*. Houghton Mifflin.

## Other websites
* Tree of Life - Archostemata
Ninad Bedekar

**Ninad Gangadhar Bedekar** (17 August 1949 &ndash; 10 May 2015) was an Indian historian, writer and orator. He was from Pune, Maharashtra, India. He wrote many books and also wrote scripts from television shows such as Son et lumière show and for the television serial *Peshwai*.

## References
Ragne Tangen

'', 1967.]]
**Ragne Tangen** (12 March 1927 &ndash; 9 May 2015) was a Norwegian children's television presenter. Her career began in 1958. She then made the first children's television program in Norway, *I kosekroken*.

Tangen died on 9 May 2015 at the age of 88.

## References
National Airlines

**National Airlines** (1934–1980) was an airline of the United States. It began in 1934. The airline was known for its coast-to coast flights between Miami, Los Angeles and New York City. Pan American World Airways bought National in 1979.

## History 
The airline was founded in Jacksonville, Florida by George T. Baker. During its first few years, it mostly flew between Florida and the southern US. It began service to Havana, Cuba in 1946 and it stopped in 1961 because of the Cuban embargo. In the 1970s National started flying to cities in Europe like, Amsterdam and London. Pan American World Airways completed it's merger process with National in January 1980.

## References
Markiplier

**Mark Edward Fischbach** (born June 28, 1989), known by his YouTube username **Markiplier**, is an American internet personality, video game commentator and charity fundraiser.

## Personal life
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Fischbach began his career in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father, Cliffton M. Fischbach, was of German descent, while his mother is Korean. He studied Civil Engineering at the University of Cincinnati, later changing his degree to Biomedical Engineering. He later left college and started his YouTube career.

In October 2025, Fischbach married his longtime girlfriend Amy Nelson, after being together for ten years.

## Career
Fischbach moved to Los Angeles, California in 2014, wanting to be closer to the YouTube scene.

, his channel has over 9 billion total video views and 22 million subscribers, and is currently the 36th most-subscribed channel on YouTube.

Fischbach plays in Let's Play videos, commonly of survival horror video games.

In 2017, Fischbach began his first improv tour, known as the "You're Welcome Tour", which spanned from North America to Europe and Australia.

Fischbach has done multiple charity streams and fundraisers with other YouTubers. *Forbes* reported in 2017 that Fischbach and his fans had helped raise roughly $3 million for charity in past fundraising streams. In April 2018, he raised $1,506,793.81 in charities.

### Unus Annus
On November 15, 2019, Fischbach created a new channel with YouTuber Ethan Nestor (known online as CrankGameplays) called Unus Annus, a channel which planned to upload a video every day for one year, after which the channel would be deleted along with its videos. The channel had 1 million subscribers in its first 5 days and 4.56 million in its last few minutes. The channel was deleted on November 14, 2020. The channel was meant to remind viewers about life and death and how quickly both can come and go.

In 2019, Fischbach co-produced and starred in Edge of Sleep, an audio drama released on iTunes.

In May 2021, Fischbach announced that he, Barnes, and Muyskens would be starting a podcast called *Distractible*.

### OnlyFans
Fischbach created an OnlyFans account where any money he would get from subscribers would be split evenly between the Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the World Food Programme. He promised to post "tasteful nudes" on his Only Fans account. He officially created the account on December 9, 2022, and the increase of people going to the website caused the site to crash on the same day.

## Philanthropy works
## Awards and nominations 
## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport

**Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport** or *Guadalajara International Airport*, is an airport in Guadalajara, Mexico. It opened in 1966. 

## Airlines
These are the airlines that go to Guadalajara Airport:
*Aeromar
*Aeroméxico (hub)
*Alaska Airlines
*American Airlines
*Copa Airlines
*Delta Air Lines
*Delta Connection
*Interjet
*Magnicharters
*TAR
*United Airlines
*United Express
*VivaAerobus (hub)
*Volaris (hub)

## References
Nana Shineflug

**Elizabeth "Nana" Shineflug** (1935 - 15 January 2015) was an American dancer and choreographer. She started and led the Chicago Moving Company, a modern-dance troupe. Her style was not traditional: "Shineflug nurtured our God-given right to weirdness...," according to critic Laura Molzahn.

Shineflug's maiden name was Elizabeth Strohmeier. She grew up in Evanston, Illinois.

## Career
Shineflug graduated from Northwestern University with a degree in mathematics. Later, she was awarded an M.A. (1986) and Graduate Certificate in Laban Movement Analysis from Columbia College, Chicago.
In 1972, she started the Chicago Moving Company. She taught at Columbia College Chicago in the Interdisciplinary Arts Graduate Program and the Theater Department.  Shineflug also taught modern dance, Qi Gong, and Psychocalesthenics through the Chicago Moving Company.  She also performed and taught in other countries.

Nana Shineflug died of cancer in her Glenview, Illinois home on 15 January 2015. She was seventy-nine years old.

## Awards
* Four Choreographic Fellowships from National Endowment for the Arts
* The Katherine Dunham Award for Excellence and Dedication to the Arts
* Chicago Dance Coalition/Ruth Page Lifetime Service to the Field Award
* Three Illinois Arts Council Choreographic Fellowships
* Chicago Dance Award for Outstanding Contribution
* Ruth Page Award, Honorable Mention for the Dance Legacy Project
* Boulevard Arts Center's Presidents Award
* Two Illinois Alliance for Arts Education Service Recognition Awards
* Prestigious National Endowment for Arts Arts-Plus Partnership
* Columbia College Chicago Lifetime Achievement Award

## Further sources
* 

## References
Glenview, Illinois

**Glenview** is a village in northeastern Illinois, USA. It is about  north of downtown Chicago in Cook County, Illinois. According to the 2020 United States Census, the village population was 48,705.

## History
The village was named by a popular vote in 1895.  It was d as a village in 1899.  There were 325 s in Glenview that year.

For many years, it was home to the Naval Air Station Glenview, until the station was closed down and converted to a prairie park, a lake, and residential and commercial properties in the early 1990s. 

## Population
The median age in 2020 was 46.3.  There were  25,578 (52.5%) women, and 23,127 (47.5%) men.  There were 17,855 s.

## Climate
Glenview has a continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa). The summers are generally wetter than the winters:

The highest recorded temperature was  in June 1988; the lowest recorded temperature was  in January 1982.

## References
Frank DiPascali

**Frank DiPascali, Jr.** (October 28, 1956 &ndash; May 7, 2015) was an American financer who was the finance chief for Bernard Madoff. On August 11, 2009, he pled guilty to ten counts related to the Madoff investment scandal, a Ponzi scheme.

DiPascali was born in Queens, New York. He was of Italian ancestry. He died from lung cancer, aged 58.

## References
Nathalia Timberg

**Nathalia Elisa Timberg** (born August 5, 1929 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress. Of Jewish origin, she is the daughter of a Polish father and a Belgian mother. She is one of the most well known and longest active Brazilian actresses of cinema, theater and television. She is known for her roles in Brazilian telenovelas (soap operas) such as in *Celebridade*, *Força de um Desejo*, and in *Páginas da Vida*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kim Kyok-sik

**Kim Kyok-sik** (; 5 October 1938 &ndash; 10 May 2015) was a North Korean general and politician. From November 2012 until May 2013, he was the Defence Minister of North Korea. He was thought to have been behind two attacks on South Korea that killed 50 people in 2010.

Kim died from acute respiratory failure on 10 May 2015, aged 76.

## References
The Pale Emperor

***The Pale Emperor*** is the ninth studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. *The Pale Emperor* was released on January 15, 2015 through Hell, etc.. Manson dedicated the album to his late mother, Barbara Warner, who died on May 13, 2014 after an eight-year battle with Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

The album peaked at #8 on the *Billboard* 200, #6 on the Top Album Sales, #3 on the Top Rock Albums, #3 on the Top Alternative Albums, and at #1 on the Top Hard Rock Albums.

## Songs
## References
## Other websites
*
South Park season 2

The second season of *South Park*, an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, aired from April 1, 1998 to January 20, 1999. 

## Episodes 

## References
## Other websites
* South Park Studios – official website with streaming video of full episodes.
Ceriantharia

]]

The **tube-dwelling anemones** (*Ceriantharia*) are a subclass of the Anthozoa. They resemble sea anemones. Sea anemones have a base plate, tube-dwelling anemones do not. 

Most tube-dwelling anemones reproduce sexually.  About 100 species have been described; most live in a depth of less than . Unlike sea anemones, tube-dwelling anemones live in soft sediments. The name "tube-dwelling anemone" comes from the fact that these animals build a tube out of the sandy sediments. In the case of danger, they retract into the tube.
Excise stamps of Russia

s]]
**Excise stamps of Russia** are a kind of Russian revenue stamps. They were issued according to the governmental order of the Russian Federation. On 14 April 1994 they adopted resolution number 319 "Introduction of excise stamps in the Russian Federation". Certain goods produced in Russia or imported to the territory of Russia are subject to excise tax including:
* vodka,

## Related pages 
* Customs
* Excise stamps of Ukraine
* Stamp Act
* Tax

## References
Excise stamps of Ukraine

]]
**Excise stamps of Ukraine** are a kind of Ukrainian revenue stamps to collect excise tax. They are used in accordance with the Ukraine's presidential decree of 18 September 1995 "On approval of the excise duty on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products".

On 24 October 1996, there was another decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, "On approval of the production, storage and sale of excise stamps and marking of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, and the sale or destruction of the confiscated alcoholic beverages and tobacco products". It introduced excise stamps into circulation in Ukraine.

The law was amended by later decrees of the Ukrainian Government.

]]

## Related pages 
* Customs 
* Excise stamps of Russia
* Stamp Act
* Tax

## References
Scleractinia

**Scleractinia**, also called **stony corals** or **hard corals**, an order in the Cnidaria. It contains the polyps which build most coral reefs. 

Most of these corals are colonial. They secrete calcium carbonate, the base of every reef. Very often, the corals form a symbiosis with unicellular dinoflagellates. These zooxanthellae are usually of the genus *Symbiodinium*. 

The closest relatives to stony corals are the sea anemones. Stony corals are only distantly related to fire corals and soft corals. There are about 1500 species, in 35 families. 

## References
University of the People

**University of the People** (**UoPeople**) is a non-profit, accredited online institution of higher education in Pasadena, California, United States. It currently offers academic degrees in business administration, health science, education and computer science.

## Mission and history 
The  of the school is to offer any  student  and quality educational programs. 

The school was ed by Shai Reshef in January 2009. It partners with institutions such as New York University and Yale University. It has received grants from Google, Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard.

## Cost 
Students pay a registration fee of $60. They do not pay  . Instead, they pay $100 each time they take an examination. One does not have to buy books.  Open source online textbooks can be used.

To complete an associate degree (A.S.), a student must take 20 exams. 40 exams are needed for a bachelor's degree. This costs a total of $2,000 and $4,000 respectively. Students who cannot afford to pay can apply for scholarships.

## Staff 
* Torsten Wiesel

## References
Ayaz Mutallibov

**Ayaz Niyazi oglu Mutallibov** (, ; 12 May 1938 &ndash; 27 March 2022) was an Azerbaijani politician. He was  the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan. Mutallibov was also the first President of independent Azerbaijan. He was president  from October 1991 until May 1992.

Mutallibov died on 27 March 2022 in Baku, Azerbaijan at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*Ayaz Mütallibov
Heydar Aliyev

**Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev** or **Heydar Aliyev** (, ; 10 May 1923&nbsp;– 12 December 2003), also spelled **Heidar Aliev** or **Haidar Aliev** was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from October 1993 to October 2003. His son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.

From 1969 to 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, effectively dominating the political life of Azerbaijan for many years.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*Official website Heydar Aliyev Foundation
*Envisioning the Nation - Interview: Azerbaijan's President, Heydar Aliyev
Buck Henry

**Henry Zuckerman** (December 9, 1930 – January 8, 2020), credited as **Buck Henry**, was an American actor, screenwriter, and director. He was a cast member of *Saturday Night Live*.  He was nominated for an Academy Award twice, in 1968 for Best Adapted Screenplay for *The Graduate* and in 1979 for Best Director for *Heaven Can Wait*.

On January 8, 2020, Henry died from a heart attack at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. He was 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)

"**Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)**" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson.  It was written in honor of the September 11 attacks. It was introduced at the Country Music Association's annual awards show on November 7, 2001. 

It was released in November 2001 as the lead single from the album *Drive*, and reached the top of the U.S. *Billboard* country charts.

## References
Octocorallia

**Octocorallia** is a subclass of the Anthozoa in the phylum Cnidaria. There are over 3,000 different species.

These animals have an eight-fold symmetry. Most are colonial sessile polyps. Octocorallia look like the stony corals. Stony corals have a six-fold symmetry, and are classified in the group Hexacorallia. Unlike the stony corals, most Octocoralllia lack a lasting skeleton. For this reason, they do not build coral reefs. An older name for this group is **Alcyonaria**. 

Many species form symbioses with unicellular algae. Octocorallia have many enemies: For this reason, many are toxic, or they taste bad. Many species of the Octocorallia can reproduce both sexually and asexually: It is common to find a colony of Octocorallia, where most polyps have the same sex.
Zoantharia

**Zoantharia** is an order of Anthozoa. Unlike the stony corals, these species do not have a hard skeleton. Most are very small. Some species form colonies.

Zoanthids can be distinguished from other colonial anthozoans and soft corals. Most of them (but not the family Zoanthidae) include sand and other bits of material in their tissue to help build their structure. The main characteristic of the order is that their tentacles are organised in two distinct rows.

## Other websites
Persian couriers

**Persian couriers** were ancient mounted messengers (despatch riders) kept ready at regular stages throughout old Persia for carrying the royal despatches at the time of the Achaemenid Empire.

## Terminology 
In Ancient Greek, Persian courier was called *ἄγγαρος* (ángaros, “Persian mounted courier”), whence Latin *angarius*, which is probably from an East Asian language (e.g., Sanskrit *अजिरा* (ajirā, “agile, swift”)). The word "angel" (*ἄγγελος*) is probably loaned from and related to Greek *ἄγγαρος*.

## History 
In about 440 BC, Herodotus wrote in *The Histories* (book 8.98) about the Persian couriers:

Paraphrase of the Herodotus description was used by the United States Postal Service as a motto on the entrance to the Central Post Office building in New York City: *"Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds."*

## Related pages 
* Achaemenid Empire
* Despatch rider
* Mailman

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites
*
Bo Belinsky

**Robert "Bo" Belinsky** (December 7, 1936 – November 23, 2001) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He became a California celebrity as a rookie with the original Los Angeles Angels. He is best known for pitching a no-hitter against his former Major League Baseball team, the Baltimore Orioles, in 1962. Belinsky is one of only two pitchers in the history of the Angels to start his career with a four-game winning streak or better. The other was Jered Weaver, in 2006.

## Life and baseball career
Belinksy was born in New York City, to a Polish-American Catholic father and a Jewish mother. He grew up in Trenton, New Jersey. He became a "street rat" and one-time pool gambler.  Belinsky was already getting in trouble while still in the minor leagues for partying at night. He pitched for several seasons in the Baltimore Orioles minor leagues. His career and life changed when the Angels picked him in a minor league draft for the 1962 season. 

Belinsky had a losing career record of wins and losses, but he threw the first no-hitter in the history of the Los Angeles Angels. It was also the first to be thrown at Dodger Stadium, beating the Baltimore Orioles 2–0 on May 5, 1962. His no-hitter was his fourth straight win at the start of his rookie season.

After throwing the no-hitter Belinsky said, "If music be the food of love, by all means let the band play on." The 1962 season was a crazy one for him. He became a gossip topic for Southern California sportswriters. They took pictures and reported in the news about his partying and dating many movie star women. He became known as a playboy. He was dating at one time or another, famous women like Ann-Margret, Connie Stevens, Tina Louise and Mamie Van Doren, the last his fiancee for a year. One of his teammates once said, "Bo had more fun off the field than he did on the field."

After a hotel room fight in 1964, he was let go by the Angels. They traded him to the Philadelphia Phillies. After spending a little over a season with the Phillies, he also pitched for the Houston Astros, Pittsburgh Pirates and Cincinnati Reds. His career ended in the Cincinnati minor league in 1970.

## Later life and death 
Belinsky married and divorced a *Playboy* Playmate of the Year, Jo Collins. He eventually overcame alcoholism. He then became a counselor for the alcohol abuse program he had entered in Hawaii. He later moved to Las Vegas to work in advertising. He was then off drugs and alcohol and was a born-again Christian. ("Can you imagine," he was quoted as saying, "finding Jesus Christ in Las Vegas?").

Belinsky had been sick with bladder cancer before his death in Las Vegas. He died of an apparent heart attack at age 64. He is buried at Davis Memorial Park in Las Vegas, Nevada.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* Baseball Cube profile
* Baseball Almanac 
* Bo Belinsky at Find a Grave
Samuil Blekhman

**Samuil Markovich Blekhman** (; 15 May 191826 July 1982) was a known philatelist (stamp collector) of the Soviet Union. He wrote many notable  books and articles  about stamps and stamp collecting. Blekhman was born and lived much of his life in Moscow. He was trained and worked as an engineer. 

Blekhman's works were related to postal history and postage stamps of Tuva, Mongolia, Russia and Soviet Union. He also wrote works about airmail. Blekhman participated in prestigious national and international philatelic exhibitions. He won a number of top awards. One of his main philatelic writings was a detailed study of Tuva stamps and their . This work won a major award at the World Stamp Exhibition "PRAGA 1962". After Blekhman's death, it was translated and published in English.

## Major works in English 
In addition to many Russian articles, Samuil Blekhman published philatelic papers in English:
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

File:БлехманТува.jpg|Title page of the Blekhman's exposition "Postage Stamps of Tuva"
File:Блехман.Авиапочта.jpg|Title page of the Blekhman's exposition"Airmail of the USSR"
File:The Soviet Union 1968 CPA 3694 stamp (Awards (Praga Exhibitions, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1950, 1955, 1962)).jpg|Silver-plated plaquette on the 1968 Soviet stamp (bottom right). Blekhman won it at the World Exhibition "PRAGA 1962" for the book "Cataloging Postage Stamps of Tuva"

## Related pages 
* Tuva

## References
Andrew Young

**Andrew Jackson Young** (born March 12, 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, activist, and Congregationalist pastor  from Georgia. 

He has served as a Congressman from Georgia's 5th congressional district, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, and Mayor of Atlanta. 

He served as President of the National Council of Churches USA, and was a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the Civil Rights Movement. He was a supporter and friend of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

## References
## Other websites
*Biography  in the New Georgia Encyclopedia
*Oral History Interview with Andrew Young from Oral Histories of the American South
*Andrew Young School of Policy Studies
*Andy Young's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
*Good Works International, founder 
*Andrew Young's federal campaign contribution report 
*
*
**interview with Young on *A Way Out of No Way: The Spiritual Memoirs of Andrew Young* , Booknotes, April 3, 1994.
*
*
*
Zalmay Khalilzad

**Zalmay Mamozy Khalilzad** (Pashto: زلمی خلیلزاد *Zalmay Khalīlzād*; born March 22, 1951) is a counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and president of Khalilzad Associates. He was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations under President George W. Bush from 2007 to 2009.

In October 2021, CNN reported that Zalmay Khalilzad, the United States' principal envoy for Afghanistan, will quit his post in Afghanistan, after the end of the withdrawal of American forces in Afghanistan.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
;Articles
*The Washington Post – Afghan Roots Keep Adviser Firmly in the Inner Circle 
*US Mission to the UN – United States Ambassadors to the United Nations 
*Current Biography August 2006 cover story
*The New Yorker – American Viceroy
*RFE/RL interview with Zalmay Khalilzad (May 18, 2007)
*Zalmay.com, a profile view
*Profile: Khalilzad , The Center for Cooperative Research
*Video: Khalilzad discusses Iraq, Afghanistan and the Middle East
Stan Cornyn

**Stan Cornyn** (July 8, 1933 &ndash; May 11, 2015) was an American record label executive. He was the author of *Exploding: The Highs, Hits, Hype, Heroes, and Hustlers of the Warner Music Group* (). He also wrote three privately published family genealogy books (all in the Library of Congress).
He was cousins with United States senator John Cornyn.

Cornyn died on May 11, 2015 at his home in Carpinteria, California at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Brad Bigelow, "King of Liner Notes," Space Age Pop
* dabelly.com Interview with Cornyn
Carpinteria, California

**Carpinteria**  is a small oceanside city located in southeastern Santa Barbara County, California, east of Santa Barbara and northwest of Ventura. The population was 13,264 at the 2020 census.

## References
Suchitra Bhattacharya

**Suchitra Bhattacharya** (10 January 1950 – 12 May 2015) was an Indian novelist. Over the past two decades, Suchitra had written about 24 novels and a large number of short stories in different leading Bengali literary magazines.

Bhattacharya died on 12 May 2015 from cardiac arrest at her home in Dhakuria, Kolkata, aged 65. 

## References
Jef Geeraerts

**Jef Geeraerts** (**Jozef Adriaan Anna Geeraerts**, 23 February 1930 - 11 May 2015) was a Belgian writer. He was born in Antwerp. He decided to become a writer. He went to the University of Brussels to study Germanic languages. He was known for his books *Gangreen 1* (*Black Venus*), *Gangreen 2* (*De Goede Moordenaar*), *Gangreen 3* (*Het Teken van de Hond*) and *Gangreen 4* (*Het Zevende Zegel*).

Geeraerts died of a heart attack in Ghent at the age of 85.

## Other websites
* Jef Geeraerts
Daniel Patrick Moynihan

**Daniel Patrick Moynihan** (March 16, 1927 – March 26, 2003) was an American politician and sociologist. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

He was first elected to the United States Senate for New York in 1976, and was re-elected three times (in 1982, 1988, and 1994). He declined to run for re-election in 2000. Moynihan was the United States' Ambassador to the United Nations and to India. He was a member of four successive presidential administrations, beginning with the administration of John F. Kennedy, and continuing through that of Gerald Ford.

Moyniham died of surgical complications at a Washington, D.C. hospital, aged 76.

## References
## Other websites
Wilberfoss

**Wilberfoss** is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.  It is on the north side of the A1079 about  east of York city . It is   northwest of Market Weighton. According to the 2011 census, 1,866 people live in Wilberfoss parish. That is 11 more than were living there ten years earlier.

## References
Ventura, California

**Ventura** (officially the **City of San Buenaventura**; commonly called **San Buenaventura** before 1891), or **Shisholop** in Chumash is the county seat of Ventura County, California, United States. It was incorporated in 1866. The population was 110,763 at the 2020 census.

## References
Swiss International Air Lines

**Swiss International Air Lines** is the flag carrier of Switzerland. It began on March 31, 2002; the day after Swissair declared bankruptcy. The airline has nonstop flights throughout Switzerland, Europe, Africa, America and Asia. It's currently owned by Lufthansa.

 at Geneva.]]

## References
Peter Gay

**Peter Gay** (born **Peter Joachim Fröhlich**; June 20, 1923 – May 12, 2015) was a German-American educator and psychohistorian. He was the Sterling Professor of History Emeritus at Yale University and former director of the New York Public Library's Center for Scholars and Writers (1997–2003). 

Gay was born in Berlin, Germany in 1923. He immigrated to the United States in 1941. From 1948 to 1955 he was a political science professor at Columbia University, and then a history professor from 1955 to 1969.

He was the author of more than twenty-five books, including *The Enlightenment: An Interpretation*, a multi-volume award winner; *Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider* (1968), a bestseller; and the widely translated *Freud: A Life for Our Time* (1988).

Gay was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea in 1996. He received the American Historical Association's (AHA) Award for Scholarly Distinction in 2004.

Gay died in New York City, aged 91.

## References
## Other websites
* Toews, John "Historicizing Psychoanalysis: Freud in His Time and of Our Time" pages 504-545 from *Journal of Modern History*, Volume 63, 1991.
Varig Brazilian Airlines

at Brasília.]]

**Varig Brazilian Airlines**, also known as *VARIG*, was once the largest airline of Brazil. The airline declared bankruptcy in 2006. The successor to Varig is Gol Transportes Aéreos, which is technically the *new Varig*.

## History
Varig began on May 7, 1927.  It was founded by German emigrants in Brazil. Varig began non-stop flights between New York City and Rio de Janeiro in 1955. The airline took over many international destinations in the 1960s from bankrupt Panair do Brasil, such as Frankfurt, Lisbon and Paris. Varig eventually became the largest airline in all of South America, after it bought many other smaller Brazilian airlines.  In 1997, Varig became the first airline to join Star Alliance. In 2001, TAM Airlines became  the largest airline in Brazil. Then, Varig stopped flying, and it became known as another airline in 2007.

## References
Ansett Australia

**Ansett Australia** was an airline from Australia. Ansett was based in Melbourne. The airline flew domestically within Australia and from the 1990s to destinations in Asia. It declared bankruptcy in 2001. In 2002, it stopped flying. Several of its Golden Wing airport lounges were purchased by Virgin Australia.

## References
British post offices in Crete

**British post offices in Crete** provided the postal service in the territory of the island of Crete. They were established by the military administration in the area under the control of Great Britain. It functioned in the period from 25 November 1898 to the end of 1899.

In 1898 Crete obtained autonomy under Turkish suzerainty. But it was garrisoned by an international military force from Britain, France, Italy and Russia. Britain issued 5 postage stamps inscribed in Greek.

## Related pages 
* British Army
* Crete

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Hyon Yong-chol

**Hyon Yong-chol** (; January 1949 &ndash; 30 April 2015) was a North Korean general and politician. From June 2014 until his apparent death, he was the Defence Minister of North Korea.

On 13 May 2015, it was reported by South Korean media that he was executed on or around 30 April 2015. As of May 14, 2015, North Korea has not commented on the South's claim, making Hyon's current status uncertain. Later it was confirmed that he was executed.

## References
Car platform

A **car platform** (automobile platform) is shared common design and production over different models and types of automobiles. They may be sold under different names or "marques". 

It is done by the automotive industry to save the costs of development by basing the products on a smaller number of platforms. This allows companies to create distinct models from similar underpinnings. It is also done with commercial vehicles like trucks and vans.

## References
William Zinsser

**William Knowlton Zinsser** (October 7, 1922 - May 12, 2015) was an American writer, editor, literary critic, and teacher.  He began his career as a journalist for the *New York Herald Tribune*, where he worked as a feature writer, drama editor, film critic, and editorial writer. He was known for writing the book *On Writing Well*.

Zinsser was born in New York City, New York. He studied at Deerfield Academy. Zinsser died in New York City at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Comminges

The **Comminges** is a natural region in southern France, near the Pyrenees. It contains the upper valley of the Garonne, one of France's four great rivers. It is one of the oldest ed places in France. Before the French Revolution it was a county of the historical region of Gascony. They were a Celtic tribe living in and around Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges by at least the 1st century BC.

## References
William MacDonald (serial killer)

**William Gleydson MacDonald** (born **Allan Ginsberg**; 17 June 1924 &ndash; 12 May 2015), also known as **The Mutilator**, was an Australian serial killer. He murdered five men, four in Sydney, New South Wales, and one in Brisbane, Queensland, between 1961 and 1962. After his murders, he lived in New Zealand for a short time. After moving back to Australia, he ran off to Melbourne, Victoria where he was arrested.

MacDonald was born in Liverpool, England. In 1943, during World War II, he was in the army and apparently raped by one of his corporals. He moved from England to Canada in 1949 and then to Australia in 1955.

MacDonald died from natural causes on 12 May 2015 at a hospital in Randwick, New South Wales, aged 90.

## References
The Game (mind game)

**The Game** is the name of a mind game. The goal is not to think about The Game itself. If someone thinks about The Game, they lose. If someone loses, they must tell someone or announce that they "lost The Game."

The first known reference of The Game appeared in 1990, though no one is sure how it started, and it will never end. It has lasted for about 30 years and accumulated millions of “players” around the world.

A similar game was played by Leo Tolstoy in 1840. The media has reported on The Game in many countries and has guessed the number of players to be in the millions. 

## Rules 
# If you don’t know about The Game, you are not playing The Game. A person cannot choose to stop playing after they start.
# You can’t talk about The Game to those not in the game. It takes 2 people in the game to put a new person in The Game.

Starting in the 2020s, the rules changed to one person talking about The Game and having another person ask what it is to have them forever be apart of The Game.
# Once you are told “you lost The Game,” there is sometimes an amount of time between 3 seconds to an hour to forget about The Game.
# You can only get someone out by directly telling them they lost The Game.

You can never truly win The Game. Anyone who hears someone else say they lost The Game also loses The Game, because they are now thinking about The Game. After losing, you start playing again. 

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Scaptia beyonceae

***Scaptia beyonceae*** is a species of horse fly found in  north-east Queensland, Australia. It was first recorded in 1981 but not scientifically described until 2011. The fly is named after American recording artist and actress Beyoncé.

*Scaptia beyonceae* has a golden tip to its abdomen, formed by a dense patch of golden hairs. Hence its name.

## References