open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jagannath Kachhawa Invasion of Mewar

After the failure of Khan khana, Akbar sent Jagannath Kachhawa to crush Rana Pratap’s increasing power, though initially seemed successful this campaign of Jagannath Kachhawa also resulted in a complete failure.

 under the Sisodia Rule.]]
## Battle
Abdur Rahim Khan Khana was initially tasked with subduing Maharana Pratap, but after failing, Jagannath Kachhawa was assigned to lead a larger army to deal with him. On December 5, 1584, they set off from Fatehpur Sikri. When they reached Mandalgarh, Jagannath left part of the army there and continued the pursuit of Pratap, with his lieutenant Saiyid Raju joining with another portion of the army. Despite their efforts, they could not find the Rana and eventually left Mewar unsuccessful. However, they did not achieve any significant success in Mewar.

After the Mughal forces withdrew, Maharana Pratap decided to regain control over regions like Chhapan and Vagad. He sent his commander, Rawat Bhan, to Sur Khan, where they successfully defeated the Mughal forces on the banks of the Som River.

 of the Mewar Kingdom.]]

## Related pages
*Battle of Dewair
*Khan Khana Invasion of Mewar
*Battle of Haldighati

## References
Dodge Hornet (2023)

The **Dodge Hornet** is a compact crossover SUV made by Dodge. It is a five-door vehicle that can seat five passengers. The SUV is all-wheel drive and is the smallest vehicle in the Dodge lineup. It was first introduced in 2023 and is sold only in North America. The Hornet is built in Italy and is a rebadged version of the Alfa Romeo Tonale.

## History
The Dodge Hornet was first produced in August 2022. It is the first new model from Dodge in over ten years, following the discontinuation of the Dodge Journey in 2020.
## Features
The Dodge Hornet comes in different trims, including the GT, GT Plus, R/T, and R/T Plus. The GT trim features a 2.0 L turbocharged engine, while the R/T trim is a plug-in hybrid with a 1.3 L turbocharged engine and dual electric motors. The vehicle has a 15.5 kWh battery in the R/T model, providing an electric range of over 30 miles (48 km). The Hornet is known for its all-wheel-drive system, which is standard across all models. It also features various technology and safety features, such as an infotainment system and driver assistance technologies.
## Markets
The Dodge Hornet is marketed exclusively in North America. It is built in Italy at the same factory as the Alfa Romeo Tonale.

## Hornet GLH
In late 2022, Dodge announced plans to create a more powerful version of the Dodge Hornet called the Hornet GLH ("Goes Like Hell"). The Hornet GLH was unveiled in March 2023 as a concept vehicle with performance-focused features. It includes visual upgrades like lowered springs, 20-inch wheels, special graphics, and an enhanced exhaust system.
## References
Dodge Attitude

The **Dodge Attitude** is a subcompact and compact sedan sold by Stellantis North America (formerly Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Chrysler Group LLC, and Dodge Chrysler LLC). It has been available in Mexico over four generations since 2006. 

## History
The first generation of the Dodge Attitude was launched in 2006 when Chrysler's Mexican subsidiary rebadged the Hyundai Accent (MC) and sold it as the Dodge Attitude. In 2011, the model line was updated with the Accent RB series.

Starting in 2015, the third generation was introduced, which was a rebadged version of the Mitsubishi Attrage/Mirage G4.

In July 2024, plans for a fourth generation were announced. This version would be a compact sedan based on the Trumpchi Empow, marking the second vehicle by GAC Group to be sold under the Dodge brand in Mexico, following the second generation Dodge Journey.

## Markets
The Dodge Attitude is sold exclusively in Mexico. It has been available in the country for several years.

## References
Voluntary

**Voluntary** may refer to:

* Voluntary (music)
* Voluntary or volunteer, person participating via volunteering/volunteerism
* Voluntary muscle contraction

## Related pages 
* Voluntaryism, rejection of coercion
Zaher Baadarani

**Dr. Zaher Ihssan Baadarani** (Arabic: زاهر إحسان بعدراني) is a Syrian-American political leader and human rights advocate. He is [the President of the Syrian Future Movement(SFM), a political group created during the Syrian revolution.

## Early life and education 
Zaher Ihssan Baadarani was born in Damascus, Syria. His father, Dr. Sheikh Ihsan Baadarani, was a well-known Islamic scholar and religious advisor to President Bashar al-Assad. His father also led prayers at the Murabet Mosque in [Muhajreen](https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82)), Damascus, a mosque visited by Presidents Hafez al-Assad and Bashar al-Assad. and fought for the human rights of Syrian people.

He is a member of the Free Syrian Gathering, an Istanbul-based group that works for women's rights and their role in politics. He helped found this group with others, including Bahia Mardini.

## Syrian Future Movement 
In 2012, Baadarani started the Syrian Future Movement(SFM) to support the goals of the Syrian revolution. The group works for civil peace, political reforms, and rebuilding Syria after the war.

The SFM also focuses on education. It has set up Tawad Educational Schools in northern Syria and training centers to help young people prepare for rebuilding the country.

## Leaving Syria 
Baadarani and his family left Syria because they opposed the Assad government. His father was attacked by Syrian security forces after giving a speech against government corruption. The family received threats and decided to move to the United States.

## Views and controversies 
Baadarani is a strong critic of the Assad government and its allies. He has criticized pro-Assad figures like Sheikh Muhammad Saeed Ramadan Al-Bouti for supporting the regime's violence. He also opposes Hezbollah's role in Syria and its leader, Hassan Nasrallah, for encouraging Shiite militias to join the conflict.

In 2023, Baadarani left the "Syrian Democratic Meeting" in Berlin. He criticized the event for excluding key political figures and for poorly representing women and youth.

## References
Aero Ae-45

The Aero Vodochody Ae-145 was a utility aircraft produced after WWII, it had two piston engines which each gave 103hp. It had retractable main gear with a turning tail-wheel which could not go up. It could seat 3-4 people. It was made as a better type of the Ae-45, which came before. Let Kunovice made the aircraft. 

## Specifications 
## Images 

File:Aero Ae-145 MLP 01.jpg
File:Aero Ae-145 MLP 03.jpg
File:Aero Ae-145 MLP 02.jpg
File:Let Aero Ae-145 Super Aero 145 AN1738493.jpg

## References
The Madness

***The Madness*** is an American drama-thriller TV series. It was released on November 28, 2024. It has 8 episodes. The series was directed by Stephen Belber and Chris Hatcher. The screenplay was written by Stephen Belber.

The story follows Muncie Daniels (played by Colman Domingo), a political commentator who witnesses a murder in the forests of Pennsylvania. Muncie must prove his innocence while reconnecting with his estranged family. The series explores themes of family, justice, and survival.

The main cast includes:

* **Colman Domingo** as Muncie Daniels
* **Marsha Stephanie Blake** as Elena Daniels
* **Deon Cole** as Kwesi
* **Thaddeus J. Mixson** as Demetrius
* **Lochlan Miller** as Blake Snipes
* **Hudson Wurster** as Tanner Snipes

The show was produced by Peter Chernin Entertainment. It is available for streaming on Netflix. Its original language is English.

## References
## Other websites
*https://www.fernsehserien.tv/the-madness.shtml
Little Bear (TV series)

***Little Bear***, also known as '''''Maurice Sendak's Little Bear''''', is a Canadian children's animated television series co-produced by Nelvana Limited, produced in association with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is based on the *Little Bear* series of books, which were written by Else Holmelund Minarik and illustrated by Maurice Sendak. In the United States, the show premiered on Nickelodeon as part of the Nick Jr. block on November 6, 1995, until the final episode aired on June 1, 2001. The show also aired on CBS on Saturday mornings from September 16, 2000, until September 15, 2001. A 2000 movie, *Little Bear: The Movie*, was released in May 20, 2000, on DVD and VHS and premiered on Nick Jr. on September 16, 2000.

## References
Geely LC

The **Geely LC** is a city car produced by the Chinese car manufacturer Geely Auto. It was manufactured from November 2008 to 2016 and was also known as the Geely Panda and Gleagle Panda in some markets. The car became the first Compact car in China to achieve a 5-star rating from C-NCAP crash tests in 2010, making it one of the safest hatchbacks in China at that time.

## History 
The Geely LC entered production in November 2008 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. The car was produced until 2016 and was succeeded by the Geely Yuanjing X1 in 2017.

## Markets 
### China
In China the car is Marketed as the Geely Panda and Gleagle Panda.

### Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka the car is Offered 
by Micro Cars,  a local brand that assembles locally from complete knock-down kits.

### Egypt
In Egypt is Known as the Geely Pandino.

### Cuba
In Cuba the car Widely used as a rental car and sold to private owners as the Geely Panda.

### Argentina
in Argentina the car is Available since 2016.

### Brunei
in Brunei the Geely LC is Sold only in 2013 with a 5-speed manual transmission and four available colors.

### Indonesia
in Indonesia the Geely LC is Marketed as the Geely Panda.

### New Zealand
In New Zealand the car is Sold as the Geely LC Hatch.

## Tobe M’Car 
In 2009, Yulon Motors the largest automobile brand in Taiwan and a local Taiwanese car manufacturer. established the Tobe brand (Chinese: 酷比) as a secondary brand. From 2010 to 2013, Tobe sold a rebadged and redesigned version of the Geely Panda/LC called the Tobe M’Car in Taiwan and Vietnam. Due to poor sales and the brand's image as a rebadged model, Tobe was discontinued in 2013.

File:Tobe-M'carEV.jpg|Tobe M'Car front view

## Electric Variant 
The Yulu EV2 was an electric version of the Geely LC, launched in 2017 as part of the Yulon-Geely collaboration. It was based on the Geely LC body, with some design updates and an electric powertrain. The Yulu EV2 had a 21.9 kWh battery, offering a range of 150 km (94 miles) and a maximum power output of 36 hp The car stopped being produced in 2018.

File:Yulu EV2 IMG01.jpg|Yulu EV2 front view
File:Yulu EV2 IMG02.jpg|Yulu EV2 rear view

## References
Hoshiarpur district

**Hoshiarpur district**, located in the northern Indian state of Punjab, is one of the oldest districts in the region. It shares borders with Gurdaspur district to the northwest, Jalandhar district and Kapurthala district to the southwest, and Kangra district and Una district of Himachal Pradesh to the northeast.

The district is divided into four sub-divisions, ten community development blocks, nine urban local bodies, and 1,417 villages. It covers an area of 3,365 square kilometers and has a population of 1,586,625 people, according to the 2011 census.

Hoshiarpur district is part of the Doaba region, which also includes the districts of Nawanshehar, Kapurthala, and parts of Jalandhar. The area is known for its rich cultural heritage and is situated between the two rivers, Beas and Sutlej.

The district's terrain is varied, with both hill and plain regions. The eastern part of the district features the western slope of the Solar Singhi Hills, while the Siwalik Range runs parallel to it. The Jaswan Dun valley stretches between the two mountain ranges.

The Sutlej River flows through the district, entering through a break in the hills and flowing southwest before turning westward onto the plains. The Beas River also flows through the district, creating a fertile fringe of lowland that is prone to moderate flooding.

The district's economy is driven by agriculture, with crops like rice, sugar, and indigo being major exports. The area is also known for its cotton fabrics and has a number of government woodlands.

Hoshiarpur's climate is relatively cool and humid due to its proximity to the hills. The district is often referred to as the "City of Saints" due to its many deras, or religious centers. Several major religious fairs are held in the district each year, attracting large crowds.

The district has a rich history, having once been a campus for Punjab University. During the Sikh Empire, the area was predominantly inhabited by Gujjar, Saini, and Dogras from the Jammu-Punjab region.

## Demographics
According to the 2011 census Hoshiarpur district has a population of 1,586,625, roughly equal to the nation of Gabon or the US state of Idaho. This gives it a ranking of 310th in India (out of a total of 640).

### Gender
The table below shows the sex ratio of Hoshiarpur district through decades.

The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Hoshiarpur district.

### Religion 
The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Hoshiarpur district.

### Language
At the time of the 2011 census, 93.74% of the population spoke Punjabi and 5.27% Hindi as their first language.

## Notes
## References
Banner Elk, North Carolina

**Banner Elk** is a town in Avery County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,028 at the 2010 census. 

## References
North Carolina's 11th congressional district

'''North Carolina's 11th congressional district''' is made up of most of Western North Carolina. Since January 3, 2023, the district has been represented by Chuck Edwards.

## References
Daniel P. Driscoll

**Daniel Patrick Driscoll** is an American Army veteran, politician, and businessman who has been the 26th and current United States Secretary of the Army since 2025. He was a Republican candidate for North Carolina's 11th congressional district in the 2020 election.

In December 2024, President-elect Donald Trump nominated Driscoll to serve as the Secretary of the Army under his second administration. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in February 2025.

## Early life 
Driscoll was born in 1985. He was raised in Banner Elk, North Carolina. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in business administration from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He earned a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School. He was a Yale classmate and friend of Vice President JD Vance, former National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, and the son of Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn. Driscoll is a “third generation soldier” whose father was an infantryman in the Vietnam War and whose grandfather served in World War II. 

## Career
Driscoll was in the United States Army for three and a half years. He was an armor officer between August 2007 and March 2011 and a cavalry scout platoon leader with the 10th Mountain Division at Fort Drum, New York. He deployed to Iraq for nine months in October 2009. Driscoll earned his Ranger tab at U.S. Army Ranger School and Combat Action Badge. and worked at an investment bank in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Driscoll ran for the Republican nomination to represent North Carolina's 11th congressional district in the 2020 election. 

Driscoll had his Senate confirmation hearing on January 30, 2025. His first test came 12-hours before his hearing, when an Army HH-60 collided with American Eagle Flight 5342 killing all 67 people involved.

On February 25, 2025, the U.S. Senate confirmed Driscoll to the position of secretary of the Army on a 66-28 vote.

On April 9, 2025, President Donald Trump announced Driscoll would replace FBI Director Kash Patel as the acting director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.

## Personal life 
Hailing from Boone, NC, Dan is married to his high school sweetheart, Dr. Cassie Driscoll, a plastic surgeon. They have two children, Daniel Jr. and Lila, both of whom he has nudged to join the Army someday making the line of national service four generations long.

## References
Vince Haley

**Vince Haley** (born ) is an American speechwriter and political advisor. He is the Director of the Domestic Policy Council since 2025 as part of the second Donald Trump administration.

## Political career
Haley became involved with politics after the September 11 attacks in 2001. He was the vice president of policy for Gingrich's American Solutions organization and also worked as a research director for the American Enterprise Institute. When Gingrich ran for president in 2012, Haley was his campaign manager. 

### Trump administration
In 2016, he worked for Donald Trump's presidential campaign.

Haley was one of Trump's main speechwriters in 2024, working for his 2024 presidential campaign. 

After Trump won the 2024 election, Haley was picked to be the director of the United States Domestic Policy Council. He studied at the College of William & Mary, University of Virginia and at the College of Europe. 

Haley lives in Henrico County, Virginia. He is married to Bethany Haley and they have four children.

## References
Iban people

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = **IbanIban / Sea Dayak / Telanying**
| image            = 
| image_caption    = Iban traditional wedding attire in Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, 2019.
| population       = about **800, 000+**
| popplace         = **Borneo**:
| region1          = '*** (Sarawak)
| pop1             = 702, 579
| ref1             = 
| region2          = ****
| pop2             = 23,500
| ref2             = 
| region3          = **** (West Kalimantan)
| pop3             = 19,978
| ref3             = 
| languages        = **Mostly:** Iban
**Also:** Sarawak Malay, Brunei Malay, Standard Malay, West Kalimantan Malay, English and Indonesian
| religions        = Christianity (Majority) (Catholicism and Mainly Anglicanism), Islam,  Animism, Irreligion (Minority)
| related_groups   = 
}}
The **Ibans** or **Sea Dayaks*' are an Austronesian ethnic group. They mostly live in northwestern Borneo. The Ibans are also known as Sea Dayaks. the title Dayak was given by the British and the Dutch to a lot of ethnic groups in Borneo Island. They speak the Iban language and Malay or Indonesian language.

The Ibans live in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia, Brunei, and the province of West Kalimantan in Indonesia. They traditionally live in longhouses called *rumah panjai.* In West Kalimantan, the longhouses are called *betang* (trunk).

## History 
### Early origins 
According to native myths and legends, they came from Kapuas River in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). They slowly moved to Sarawak due to tribal issues. The ancient Iban legend is also being supported by several modern-day linguistic studies by Asmah Haji Omar (1981), Rahim Aman (1997), Chong Shin and James T. Collins (2019) and material cultures by M. Heppell (2020). They trace the Iban language and culture originated from the upper Kapuas.

### The period of great migration 
Based on the research from Benedict Sandin (1968), the period of Iban migrations from the Kapuas Hulu Range were determined to begin from the 1750s.

## Citations
Paul S. Atkins

**Paul S. Atkins** is a lobbyist, businessperson and politician who has been the 34th Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission since 2025. He was the CEO of Patomak Global Partners LLC.

Atkins was a commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from 2002 to 2008 during the George W. Bush administration. He received his J.D. from Vanderbilt University School of Law in 1983. He served with chairmen Harvey Pitt, William H. Donaldson, and Christopher Cox.

He was co-chair of the Token Alliance, an advocacy group for the crypto business.

On December 4, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump nominated Atkins to serve as Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission under his second administration.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sangam Vihar Assembly constituency

**Sangam Vihar** is one of the 70 constituencies of the Delhi Legislative Assembly in India. It is part of South Delhi and was established in 2009.

## Overview 
Sangam Vihar was created in 2008 after the boundaries were changed by the Delimitation Commission of India. It is part of the South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency along with nine other Assembly segments, including Bijwasan, Ambedkar Nagar, and Chhatarpur.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly 
* **2008**: Dr. Shiv Charan Lal Gupta (Bharatiya Janata Party)
* **2013**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party)
* **2015**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party)
* **2020**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party)

## 2020 Election Results 
* **Winner**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party) – 75,345 votes (64.58%)
* **Runner-up**: Shiv Charan Gupta (Janata Dal (United)) – 32,823 votes (28.13%)

## 2020 Election Results 
* **Winner**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party) – 75,345 votes (64.58%)
* **Runner-up**: Shiv Charan Gupta (Janata Dal (United)) – 32,823 votes (28.13%)

## References
Aam Aadmi Party

**Aam Aadmi Party** (**AAP**) is a political party in India. The name means "Common Man's Party" in Hindi. It was started in 2012 by Arvind Kejriwal and his supporters. The party aims to fight corruption and make government services better for people.

## History 
AAP was formed after the India Against Corruption movement led by Anna Hazare in 2011. Arvind Kejriwal and some others wanted to enter politics to fight corruption, so they started the party in November 2012.

## Achievements 
AAP first won many seats in the Delhi Legislative Assembly elections in 2013. Since then, the party has governed Delhi several times. Its main focus has been on improving schools, healthcare, electricity, and water services.

## Leadership 
* Arvind Kejriwal: National Convener and Chief Minister of Delhi
* Manish Sisodia: Senior Leader and former Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi
* Sanjay Singh: Leader in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Indian Parliament)

## Elections 
AAP has participated in elections in Delhi, Punjab, and other states. In 2022, the party won the Punjab Legislative Assembly elections and formed the government there.

## Criticism 
The party has faced criticism for its internal conflicts and decisions. Some leaders have left the party, and others have accused it of not delivering on all its promises.

## References
Jack Hoogland

**Jack Hoogland** (10 July 1946 – 4 December 2024) was a Dutch football player who played as a midfielder. He played with FC Volendam in the Eredivisie between 1965 and 1978.

## Biography
Hoogland started with the junior team of FC Volendam. With the junior team he became national champion in 1964. Hoogland became a member of the main senior team the next year in 1965. He played a total of 259 matches with the senior team and scored fourteen times. He was also captain of the team. He is described as the 'de stille motor' (translated: the silent enginge) of the team because he was an important player, but was not in the foreground. Next to playing in the Eredivisie he played with the team in the Eerste Divisie and became champion in 1967 and 1970. Hoogland was married to Aaf Kroon. They had three children. After an illness, he died on 4 December 2024, at the age of 78. He will be buried on 7 December and be buried at the Roman Catholic cemetery next to the  in Volendam.

## References
Jan Bloukaas

**Jan Bloukaas** real name **Jean du Plessis** (7 October 1999 – 3 December 2024) was a French Afrikaans singer.

Du Plessis was born on 7 October 1999 and attended Tygerberg High School. In 2018 he published his album *Lewe* that was later nominated for the 25th Annual  South African Music Awards in the best pop album category. His second album *The Party Starter* was released in 2019. He released his third and final album *God Kan* on 27 November 2024.

Bloukaas was diagnozed with brain cancer in 2022. He died from it on 3 December 2024, at the age of 25.

## References
Battos

**Battus** *(meaning "tongue-tied")* was a figure in Greek mythology that pointed to the cattle located at the foot of the mountain where Hermes had stolen it from Apollo, as a consequence, Mercury turned him to stone. He was a young shepherd, who's loyalty was tested by the gods, he was told by Hermes that he would become a rich man if he would keep the theft a secret.

But when Apollo asked him, he told him anyways, which would cost him his life. But this act resulted in Hermes being judged by gods, to avoid punishment, he gifted a lyre to Apollo, He liked it so much that he gave him back a caduseus.
Amar Singh I

Amar Singh I, the Maharana ruler of Mewar Kingdom (16 March 1559 – 26 January 1620), was the eldest son and successor of Maharana Pratap I. He was the 14th Rana of Mewar, ruling from 19 January 1597 until his death on 26 January 1620.

.]]
## References
Minny Luimstra-Albeda

**Mintje "Minny" Luimstra-Albeda** (8 April 1935 – 3 December 2024) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal.

Luimstra-Albeda was alderman of Amsterdam from 1982 to 1990 and served as a member of the Senate from 1992 to 1999. She was a sister of former senator and minister of social affairs Wil Albeda.

She received the Order of Orange-Nassau in 1991.

Luimstra-Albeda died on 3 December 2024, at the age of 89.

## References
Dal Khalsa

**Dal Khalsa** was an army initially made up of 11 Sikh groups called as ‘*misls’.* They worked together from 1748 to 1799 in the Punjab region. The Khalsa army was formed by Nawab Kapur Singh in the 1748.

## History
Ahmed Shah Abdali, the new ruler of Afghanistan, wanted to conquer India. He claimed he had the right to do so because he was the successor of Nadir Shah, the Persian king who was murdered in 1747. Abdali got an invitation from Shah Nawaz, which gave him the support he needed. In December 1747, Abdali left Peshawar with 18,000 men and reached Lahore in just 20 days. However, Shah Nawaz changed his mind and tried to stop Abdali, but it was too late.

The Afghans took over Lahore, plundering the suburbs and demanding a heavy tribute. After a month, Abdali marched towards Delhi, where he faced an army of 60,000 men led by Wazir Qamaruddin. The two armies clashed, and although Qamaruddin was killed, his son Mir Mannu took over and forced the Afghans to retreat.

## Misls
The Dal Khalsa, the Sikh army, was divided into 11 groups called misls. Each misl had its own leader:

* Ahluwalia Misl, led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, the supreme commander.
* Fyzullapuria, led by Nawab Kapur Singh.
* Sukerchakia Misl, led by Naudh Singh.
* Nishanwalia Misl, led by Dasaundha Singh.
* Bhangi Misl, led by Hari Singh.
* Kanhaiya Misl, led by Jai Singh.
* Nakkai Misl, led by Hira Singh.
* Dallewalia Misl, led by Gulab Singh.
* Shaheed Misl, led by Deep Singh.
* KaroraSinghia Misl, led by Karora Singh.
* Ramgarhia Misl, led by Nand Singh.

Each Sikh was free to join any misl they wanted. The misls were free to act on their own, but they had to follow the orders of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia in matters that affected the whole community.

The misldari system worked well during its time, especially under leaders like Kapur Singh and Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. It gave Sikh soldiers the freedom to act independently while still following a unified command. This system helped the Sikhs work together towards a common goal: removing foreigners from the Punjab and establishing a Sikh state, as predicted by Guru Gobind Singh.

By the time the last of Abdali's men had left the Punjab, the Sikh misls had spread out across the region, covering the areas between the Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers. They had a strong presence in Amritsar, which was protected by the mud fortress of Ram Rauni.

## References
Huawei Mate 20

**Huawei Mate 20**, **Huawei Mate 20 Pro** and **Huawei Mate 20 X** are smartphones that are developed and made by the chinese technology company Huawei. The smartphone series came out on October 17, 2018. It is use the EMUI 9 operating system, which is based on Android 9 Pie.
## Specifications
### Hardware
#### Memory
* The Huawei Mate 20 has a 4-gigabyte RAM and a 128-gigabyte storage. 
* The Huawei Mate 20 Pro and the Huawei Mate 20 X have 6-GB RAM and a 128-GB storage. 
* The Huawei Mate 20 RS Porsche Design has 8-GB RAM and a 256/512-GB storage.

#### Camera 
* The Huawei Mate 20 has a 12-megapixel Rear Camera wide, an 8-MP Rear Camera telephoto, and a 16-MP Rear ultrawide Camera. 
* The Huawei Mate 20 Pro has a 40-MP Camera wide, 20-MP Camera ultrawide, and a 8-MP camera telephotos. 

#### Battery 
* The Huawei Mate 20 has a battery size of 4000mAh. 
* The Huawei Mate 20 Pro has a battery size of 4200mAh. 
* The Huawei Mate 20 X has a battery size of 5000mAh. 

#### Display size 
* The Huawei Mate 20 has a 6.53 inch display.
* The Huawei Mate 20 Pro has a 6.39 inch display.

#### Sound 
The Huawei Mate 20 Series have a Dolby Atmos loudspeaker, which is used for a louder stereo speaker. 

#### Video 
The Huawei Mate 20 Pro back camera can record video in:

* 4K 30 FPS (frames per second)
* 1080 pixels 60 FPS
* 1080P 30 FPS 
* 720P 30FPS 

The front camera is a 24-megapixel Wide, and records video in 1080P 30FPS. The rear camera zoom is five to eight times magnification. 

The Huawei Mate 20 back camera can record video in:

* 4K 30FPS
* 1080P 60FPS 
* 1080P 30FPS
* 720P 30FPS

The selfie camera is a 24-megapixel wide, and records video in 1080P 30FPS. The rear camera zoom is three to five times magnification.

### Software
Huawei Mate 20 Series comes with the EMUI 9 operating system based on Android 9 Pie. The global version can be updated to EMUI 12, and the chinese version can be changed to Harmony OS 2.0.
## References
## Other websites
*Official websites
Jennie Kidd Trout

**Jennie Kidd Trout** (Born in Kelso, Scotland; April 21, 1841 - November 10, 1921) was the first woman in Canada to become a licensed medical doctor, on March 11, 1875. Trout was the only woman in Canada licensed to practice medicine until July 1880, when Emily Stowe completed the official qualifications.

## Personal Life 
**Jennie Kidd Gowanlock Trout** was born in Kelso Scotland, when she moved with her parents to Canada in 1847, settling in near Stanford, Ontario. Trout had taken a course in teaching after graduation and taught until her marriage to Edward Trout. She married Trout in 1865 and thereafter moved to Toronto, where Edward ran a newspaper press.

## Death 
Trout died on November 10, 1921, while staying home in Hollywood, California, she died at 80 years old. But because of her hard work, many women today look up to her, and her activism and generosity will never be forgotten.

## Other Websites 
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jennie-trout

https://museumofhealthcare.blog/the-story-of-jennie-trout-and-women-in-medicine/
Allah as a moon god

, used by Robert Morey to claim a link between Islam and lunar worship. This is sometimes associated with Hubal.]]
The claim that Allah (Arabic: اَللَّهُ كَإِلَهِ الْقَمَرِ) (God in Islam) originated as a moon god was first suggested in 1901 by archaeologist Hugo Winckler. Winckler proposed that Allah was based on the pre-Islamic god Lah or Hubal, associating him with lunar worship. Modern scholars reject this theory as baseless and unsupported by evidence.

The idea resurfaced in the 1990s, championed by Christian apologists such as Robert Morey. In his 1994 pamphlet *The Moon-god Allah: In Archaeology of the Middle East* and his 2001 book *The Islamic Invasion*, Morey claimed that elements of Islamic practice, such as the lunar calendar and the crescent and star symbol, pointed to a link with moon worship.

## Pre-Islamic beliefs and scholarly views  
Modern scholars, such as Joseph E. B. Lumbard, reject the claim that Allah originated as a moon god. They consider this theory an offensive misrepresentation, not only to Muslims but also to Arab Christians, who also refer to God as "Allah." 

Before Islam, the Kaaba housed a statue of Hubal, which some early scholars, like Julius Wellhausen, speculated might have been another name for Allah. However, modern scholars, such as Patricia Crone, argue that Hubal and Allah were distinct. Crone pointed out that if they were the same, Hubal’s name would have continued in Islamic tradition, but it has not.

Pre-Islamic Arabs viewed Allah as a creator god and the bringer of rain but did not worship Him as the sole deity. They often associated Allah with subordinate gods or companions and believed in a kinship between Allah and the jinn. Some traditions even attributed sons and daughters to Allah. Angels were also sometimes linked to Him.

Muhammad’s father, Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib, whose name translates to "the servant of Allah" (), reflects the significance of Allah in pre-Islamic Arabia. This theory was further promoted by groups like Chick tracts and individuals such as Pat Robertson. However, modern research has debunked these claims, showing no connection between the cited artifacts and Islam. For instance, a statue Morey used as evidence was proven to be unrelated to Allah or Islamic practices.

Muslim sources reject these claims. Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi's *Book of Idols* says Hubal was a statue used for fortune-telling and had no link to Allah. At the Battle of Uhud, Muhammad’s followers declared Allah’s greatness, rejecting Hubal.

The Quran also says not to worship the moon or sun. Verse 41:37 states: "Do not prostrate to the sun or to the moon, but prostrate to Allah, who created them."

## References 
## Bibliography 
* 

## Other websites 
* *Islamic Awareness*, Reply To Robert Morey's Moon-God Allah Myth: A Look At The Archaeological Evidence Retrieved 21 October 2012
* *Bismika Allahuma*, Do Muslims Worship Allah The Moon God? Retrieved 8 July 2017
October 1991 Grand Sumo Tournament

The **October 1991 Grand Sumo Tournament** was a Grand Sumo Tournament in October 1991. The event took place at the Royal Albert Hall in London, United Kingdom, as part of the UK Japan Festival, from 9 to 13 October 1991. It was the first official sumo wrestling tournament ever to be organized outside Japan in the 1500 years of existence of the sport. The tournament included the top 40 rikishi from Japan, including the heaviest sumo wrestler ever Hawaiian Konishiki who weighed 238kg. The most expensive seats were 300 Pound and were cushions on the floor around the dohyo.

The event was won by Hakkaku Rijicho.

## References
Hari Singh Dhillon

**Hari Singh Dhillon** (died 1765) was a Sikh warrior. He was the leader of the Bhangi Misl group. When the Dal Khalsa army was formed, he became the leader of the Taruna Dal group.

## Early life
Hari Singh Dhillon was the nephew and adopted son of Bhuma Singh. After Bhim Singh's death, Hari Singh, took over as the leader of the Bhangi Misl. Hari Singh's father, Bhoop Singh, was a landowner in the village of Patoh, near Wadni. Under Hari Singh's leadership, the Misl grew in power and prominence.

## Military Campaign
Ahmad Shah Durrani attacked the Sikhs in the Battle of Kup on February 5, 1762. He stayed in Punjab until December 12, 1762. After he left, Hari Singh attacked Khwajah Saeed Ka Kot and took many arms.

On April 10, 1763, the Sikhs gathered in Amritsar to celebrate Baisakhi. During the festival, some Brahmans from Kasur asked for help against Usman Khan, who had taken a Brahmin’s wife, forced her to convert to Islam, and treated her badly. Hari Singh Bhangi decided to help them immediately. Sikhs attack Kasur, In the battle, Usman Khan and 500 of his men were killed. The woman was returned to her husband, and the Afghan homes were looted.

In 1764, Hari Singh Bhangi and his sons, Jhanda Singh and Ganda Singh, along with Hari Singh Nakkai marched towards Multan, they caused severe destruction in Multan. He crossed the Indus River and collected tribute from the Baloch leaders in the areas of Muzaffargarh, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Dera Ismail Khan. On his way back, he demanded tribute from the local rulers of Pind Dadan Khan. He then captured Jhang, Chiniot, and Sialkot. Afterward, he attacked Jammu and made Ranjit Dev pay tribute.

## Death
In 1765, Hari Singh and other leaders of the Dal Khalsa marched to Patiala to punish Ala Singh for accepting Ahmad Shah Abdali as his overlord. During the battle, Hari Singh was killed, which relieved both Ala Singh and Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. According to historian Lepel Griffin, Ahluwalia was jealous of Hari Singh's power. As a result of his various military actions, Hari Singh made the Bhangi Misl the most powerful of all the Misl groups.

## References
Solution Movement

The **Solution Movement** (Hungarian: *Megoldás Mozgalom*, **MEMO**) is a political party. It was started in 2021 by businessman György Gattyán. The party was made for the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election, but it did not win any seats. 

The Solution Movement has mayors in three villages: Drávapiski, Szamossályi, and Mátraballa.

The MEMO program was first private, with points shared on small cards on their website and social media. These included, among other things, introducing the idea of a public economic actor, extending the prime minister's term, and changing the corporate tax system. Later made public, their program prioritized creating a "guarantee system" for Hungary to advance into the 21st century by building a modern economic, social, and welfare framework.

## Notes
Jacques Roubaud

**Jacques Roubaud** (5 December 1932 – 5 December 2024) was a French poet, writer, and mathematician. He was born in Caluire-et-Cuire, France. Roubaud taught mathematics at University of Paris X Nanterre and poetry at EHESS. He was a member of the Oulipo group.

Roubaud died on his 92nd birthday on 5 December 2024 in Paris, France.

## References
## Other websites
*Documentation critique sur J. Roubaud / commented bibliography about Jacques Roubaud
*Jacques Roubaud reading an English translation of one of his poems
Evgeny Velikhov

**Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov** (2 February 1935 &ndash; 5 December 2024) was a Russian physicist. His scientific works focused in plasma physics, lasers, controlled nuclear fusion, power engineering, and magnetohydrodynamics. He was president of the Kurchatov Institute. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and was the vice-president of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

Velikhov died on 5 December 2024 in Moscow, Russia at the age of 89.

## References
2024–2025 Georgian protests

On 28 October 2024, protests against the 2024 Georgian parliamentary election results began in Georgia after the first official results were announced. 

The protestors said that the elections, which had the ruling Georgian Dream win a majority of seats, was a fraud, and wanted a recount and a new election. 

The protests continued on 17 November, when the final results were certified by the Central Election Commission of Georgia. The protests grew larger a few weeks later on 28 November, when the government announced that it would postpone the EU negotiations process until 2028.

## References
Daniel Werfel

**Daniel I. Werfel** (born 1971) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 2023 to 2025. He was formerly a Managing Director and Partner at Boston Consulting Group (BCG) from 2014 to 2023.

## References
John Koskinen

**John Andrew Koskinen** (born June 30, 1939) is an American businessman and politician. He was the non-executive chairman of Freddie Mac from September 2008 to December 2011. He was the Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 2013 to 2017. 

## References
Georgian Dream

**Georgian Dream – Democratic Georgia** (**GD**), also colloquially known as the **Kotsebi**, is a populist political party in Georgia. It is the ruling party in Georgia. Irakli Garibashvili is the party chairman, while the former chairman Irakli Kobakhidze has been the prime minister since February 2024. Bidzina Ivanishvili founded the party in 2012.

## Electoral performance
### Parliamentary
### Presidential
### Local
## Notes
## References
Missouri's 7th congressional district

'''Missouri's 7th congressional district''' is made up of Southwest Missouri. The district includes Springfield, the home of Missouri State University, the Joplin, Missouri, metropolitan area, Missouri's 5th largest, and the popular tourist destination city of Branson. 

As of 2020, this district is the second most strongly Republican district in Missouri and is one of the most strongly Republican districts in the United States.

The district is currently represented by Republican Eric Burlison of Ozark.

## References
Paris Nanterre University

**Paris Nanterre University** is a public research university in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine, France. It is in the Paris metropolitan area. It is one of the most well known French universities. They are known for their law, humanities, political science, social and natural sciences and economics courses. It is one of the thirteen successor universities of the University of Paris.

## References
Chess variant

A **chess variant** is a game that is made similar to chess. Most variants are slightly different from chess because they need to make some rules for the game or change the size of a chess board.

## Related pages
*Chess960
*Chaturanga
*Three-player chess
*Crazyhouse
*Bughouse chess
Guisborough

Guisborough is a medieval-era market town and civil parish located in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland in North Yorkshire, and next to North Yorkshire Moors National Park. As of 2011, Guisborough had a total population of 17,777.

## History 
Guisborough priory was founded in 1119 by Robert de Brus of Skelton Castle, after the lands the priory was on had been transferred to him from Robert of Mortain under the rule of King Henry I. As the owner, de Brus also gave the manor of Guisborough to the canons who lived there, but in 1538, under the rule of King Henry VIII, the priory was dissolved, and it came under the ownership of the Chaloner family in 1550, and in 1558, so did the manor.

## References
Tha Carter IV

***Tha Carter IV*** is the ninth studio album by American rapper Lil Wayne, released on August 29, 2011, through Cash Money Records, Universal Republic Records and Young Money Entertainment.

## References
Perfect month

A **Perfect Month** is a month where the days are arranged in a shape of a rectangle. This means a perfect month starts on the first day of the week and the number of days in the month is evenly divisible by the number of days in a week. 

Since there are 7 days in a week, the number of days in the month must be divisible by 7. Therefore, only February in a common year can be a perfect month since it is the only month that has  a total number of days that is divisible by 7. In a common year, February has 28 days while the other months have either 30 or 31 days, both of which are not divisible by 7. February cannot be a perfect month in a leap year since it has 29 days, meaning the number of days in that month is no longer divisible by 7.

In addition, February must start on the first day of the week. Since the month of January has 31 days, it always starts three days of the week earlier than February. Therefore, in Sunday-first calendars, the year must be a Common year starting on Thursday, with the most recent such year being 2015 and the next one being 2026. In Monday-first calendars, the year must be a Common year starting on Friday, with the most recent such year being 2021 and the next one being 2027. 

This phenomenon occurs once every six years and twice every eleven years consecutively. (e.g. 1981, 1987, 1998, 2009 in Sunday-first calendars and 1993, 1999, 2010, and 2021 in Monday-first calendars). In the Gregorian calendar, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years. Therefore, there were Sunday-first perfect months in 1693, 1699, 1705, and 1711 with spacing of six years in between each, 1789, 1795, 1801, and 1807 also with spacings of six years in between each, and 1891 and 1903 with a spacing of twelve years. Likewise, there were Monday-first perfect months in 1694, 1700, and 1706 with spacings of six years between each, 1790 and 1802 with a spacing of twelve years, and 1897 and 1909 also with a spacing of twelve years. In each 400-year cycle in a Gregorian calendar, there are 44 perfect months in Sunday-first calendars and 43 perfect months in Monday-first calendars. In the Julian calendar, the 6-11-11 year sequence always holds as years divisible by 4 are always leap years, and there are three perfect months in Sunday-first calendars and three perfect months in Monday-first calendars in each 28-year cycle.
Agnes Alida Huber

**Agnes Alida Huber** (24 September 1702 – 1 June 1774) was a Dutch philanthropist and feminist. She is known for founding the original guesthouse  in 1744 to support single women.

## Biography
Agnes Alida Huber was a member of the  and one of the daughters of Harmannus Huber (1663-1730), the secretary of the States of Friesland and mayor of Sneek, and his wife  (1666-1751). Huber never married and had no children. Huber inherited from her parents  in Dronryp. The house was actually built for her oldest brother Ulrich Joan Huber, but he died two years after the house was built. She inherited it under the obligation to bequeath it to the son of Ulrich Joan. She continued to live in Leeuwarden and used Schatzenburg as a country estate.

Huber had had correspondence with Maria Louise van Hessen-Kassel. A letter of her from 1738 is in possesion of the .

In 1744 she founded the first row of six houses of the Rypster guesthouse (retirement home) , on what would later become the street named Dûbelestreek. With the founding of the guesthouse, Huber wanted to facilitate the fate of single women. Huber donated a considerable amount of money every year. Huber died in Leeuwarden on 1 June 1774, at the age of 71. After her death Vredenburg received from her estate four farms, various houses, loose land and bonds. This assured the existance of Vredenburg for a very long time.

## References
Rohilakhand

**Rohilkhand** is a region in northwest Uttar Pradesh, India. It includes areas around Bareilly, Moradabad, Badaun, and Rampur. This region is part of the Ganges Plain. The name "Rohilkhand" comes from the Rohilla people who lived there. In ancient times, this area was known as Madhyadesh and Panchala, as mentioned in the old Indian stories of Mahabharata and Ramayana. During the British colonial period, the region was ruled by the royal family of Rampur.

## References
Germanodactylus

***Germanodactylus*** is an extinct genus from the pterosaur order, and it lived in what is now England and China. It's estimated that males and females could grow up to a different meter in size. This species was an enemy to the early bird *Archaeopteryx*.

## Media 
To date, *Germanodactylus* appeared only in the fictional *Savage Land*, and the horror movie known as *Pterodactyl*. In the movie, it was depicted as being dangerous to humans, as well as lacking a species name.
Enki

, pouring water. Enki is best known today as the zodiac sign of Aquarius, with the goat-fish symbolizing him as Capricornus.]]
**Enki** or **Ea** is the Sumerian god of water and knowledge. He was either the son or brother of the sky god Anu. His Greek name was **Aos**. Enki was said to have created the Tigris and Euphrates rivers by masturbating.

The planet Mercury was thought to be Enki, but Enki was also shown as a constellation of a man pouring water. He was also associated with the goat-fish, a mythological creature with the head of a goat but the body of a fish. Enki became the Western zodiac sign of Aquarius, while his goat-fish became the sign of Capricorn (Capricornus).

## References
Miho Nakayama

was a Japanese singer and actress. She was born in Saku, Japan. Her career began in 1985.

Nakayama released her debut single, "C" around the same time she appeared in her first movie *Be-Bop High School*. She became one of the most popular idols during its "Golden Age" in the 1980s. Her role in the 1985 drama *Maido Osawagase Shimasu* made her popular.

Her best known songs were "Waku Waku Sasete", "50/50", "Catch Me" and "You're My Only Shinin' Star". She also starred in *Love Letter* (1995).

Nakayama was found dead in her home in Tokyo, Japan on 6 December 2024 at the age of 54.

## References
## Other websites
*  
*
Oakton, Virginia

**Oakton** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 36,732 at the 2020 census.

## References