open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Into the Shangri-La

***Into the Shangri-La*** is a Chinese version of the series *Survivor* that was originally aired on China Central Television in 2001.
USS George W. Bush

'*USS *George W. Bush* (CVN-83)*' will be the sixth  of the United States Navy. *George W. Bush* is scheduled to be laid down after 2027. She will be built at Newport News Shipbuilding in Newport News, Virginia. The ship's name was announced in January 2025 by President Joe Biden. She will be named for the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush.

## References
Thomas G. Kelley

**Thomas Gunning Kelley** (born May 13, 1939) is an American veteran and retired captain in the United States Navy. He was honored with the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Vietnam War. From 2003 to 2011, he was Secretary of the Massachusetts Department of Veterans' Services. He was the president of the Medal of Honor Society from 2015 to 2017.

Kelley was born on May 13, 1939, in Boston, Massachusetts.

## References
## Other websites
* Interview at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library
Xiphophorus

**Xiphophorus **is a genus of euryhaline and freshwater fish. It is in the family Poeciliidae of order Cyprinodontiformes. Xiphophorus is native to Mexico and northern Central America. The species can be divided into three groups based on their evolutionary relationships: platyfish (or platy), northern swordtails, and southern swordtails. The name *Xiphophorus* comes from the Greek words ξίφος (dagger) and φόρος (bearer), referring to the gonopodium on the males. All are relatively small fish, which reach a maximum length of  depending on the exact species involved.

## References
USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79)

'*USS *John F. Kennedy* (CVN-79)*' is the second  built for the United States Navy. She was launched on 29 October 2019, and christened on 7 December 2019. She is currently scheduled to be delivered to the Navy in March 2027. She is named after the 35th President of the United States John F. Kennedy.

## Background
### Naming
On 7 December 2007, the 66th anniversary of the Attack on Pearl Harbor, Arizona Congressman Harry Mitchell proposed naming this ship . In 2009, Arizona Congressman John Shadegg proposed naming either CVN-79 or the later CVN-80 as *Barry M. Goldwater*, after the late U.S. Senator, also from Arizona. 

On 29 May 2011, the Department of Defense announced that the ship would be named for John F. Kennedy, the 35th&nbsp;President of the United States, who served in the navy during World War II.

### Christening
On April 8, 2025, it was announced by the Navy that the carrier's planned July delivery date would likely be missed. The new delivery date is March 2027.

## References
United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka

or  is a United States Navy base in Yokosuka, Japan. Its mission is to give support and service to the U.S. Naval Forces Japan, Seventh Fleet and other operating forces assigned in the Western Pacific.  CFAY is the largest strategically important U.S. naval base in the western Pacific.

## References
Green swordtail

The **green swordtail** (***Xiphophorus hellerii***) is a species of freshwater fish. It is in Poeciliidae family of order Cyprinodontiformes. A live-bearing fish, it is closely related to the southern platyfish or 'platy' (*X.&nbsp;maculatus*) and can crossbreed with it. It is native to an area of North and Central America stretching from Veracruz, Mexico, to northwestern Honduras.

## References
Livebearers

fry 1 week old]]
**Livebearers** are fish that retain their eggs inside the body and give birth to swimming young. They are especially prized by aquarium owners. Among aquarium fish, livebearers are nearly all members of the family Poeciliidae. The fish include: guppy, molly, platy, endler’s and swordtails.

## References 
## External links
* American Livebearer Association
* British Livebearer Association
* Keeping & Breeding Halfbeaks Includes growth rate chart and pictures of newborn fish.
* How to Keep Livebearers
ROLM

**ROLM Corporation** was a technology company founded by four engineers in 1969. The company first made a rugged portable computer for the U.S. military. In 1973, ROLM began making telephone systems and created the ROLM CBX, a computerized phone switch. The company was known for its employee-friendly workplace culture and was bought by IBM in 1984.

## References
Super.com

**Super.com** (previously **Snapcommerce** and **SnapTravel**) is a technology company founded by Hussein Fazal and Henry Shi in San Francisco.

Initially SnapTravel was a platform for booking hotels via messaging softwares. In July 2016, the company raised $1.2 million.

## References
Agustín Eizaguirre

**Agustín Eizaguirre Ostolaza** (7 October 1897 – 28 November 1961) was a Spanish footballer. He was part of Spain's team at the 1920 Summer Olympics that won a silver medal, although he didn't make an appearance.

Eizaguirre's son Ignacio was also a footballer, who played for Spain at the 1950 FIFA World Cup.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ignacio Eizaguirre

**Ignacio Eizaguirre Arregui** (7 November 1920 – 1 September 2013) was a Spanish footballer and manager. He played for Spain at the 1950 World Cup. His father, Agustín, was also a footballer, who won a silver medal with Spain at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Ignacio died on 1 September 2013 in San Sebastián, at the age of 92.

## Honours
**Valencia**
*La Liga: 1941–42, 1943–44, 1946–47
*Copa del Generalísimo: 1949
*Copa Eva Duarte: 1949

**Individual**
*Ricardo Zamora Trophy: 1943–44, 1944–45

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
USS George H. W. Bush

'*USS *George H. W. Bush* (CVN-77)*' is the tenth and final  supercarrier of the United States Navy. She is named for the 41st President of the United States and former Director of Central Intelligence George H. W. Bush. Construction began in 2003 at Northrop Grumman, in Newport News, Virginia and was completed in 2009 at a cost of $6.2&nbsp;billion. Her home port is Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia.

## References
USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)

'*USS *Theodore Roosevelt* (CVN-71)*' is the fourth , nuclear-powered, aircraft carrier in the United States Navy. She is named in honor of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States. She is the fourth ship named in honor of Theodore Roosevelt. She was launched in 1984, and saw her first action during the Gulf War in 1991.

## References
USS John C. Stennis

]]
'*USS *John C. Stennis* (CVN-74)*', named for Senator John C. Stennis of Mississippi, is the seventh of the -class of nuclear-powered supercarriers in the United States Navy. She was commissioned on 9 December 1995.

The mission of *John C. Stennis* is to support combat air missions. Many jet fighters are on the ship such as F/A-18 Hornet, EA-18G Growler, MH-60R, MH-60S, and E-2C Hawkeye.

## References
Río Pilcomayo National Park

The **Río Pilcomayo National Park** () is a national park in Formosa, Argentina. It is next to Paraguay. People made it a park on September 29, 1951. Its job is to protect the grasslands, marshes, creeks, lakes, and forests of the Humid Chaco home for living things. The park is on the list of wetlands of international importance.

## Place
The park is on a large flat, grassy place. It was formed when a depression in Paleozoic crystal rocks filled with dead and rocky sand and other small piecess. It is a sedimentary basin. The soil in the east part of the park has clay in it, so water does not get into it very easily. The soil in the west part of the park is looser, so water can get into it easily.

There are cracks in the ground that can make earthquakes from the formation of the Andes Mountains. These are in straight lines with the Paraguay River. The ground in the park goes downhill from west to east, but mostly it is the same height above sea level. When it rains a lot, there are many pools of water connected to each other.

## Water
The Pilcomayo River goes through the park. When the weather is wet, the river and its streams flood the ground. This makes many lakes and marshes that are connected to each other, so fish and other animals can swim through until the connections dry up.

Storks, herons, roseate spoonbills, and ducks live in the park's watery places. There are two caiman species: the broad-snouted caiman and the yacare caiman. There are many fish species from *Hoplosternum* that can use air. This helps them live during droughts that make the water dry up.

There are many snakes in the park, for example the yellow anaconda (*Eunectes notaeus*) and  *Hydrodynastes gigas*, a large water snake.

## References
Gaston Barreau

**Gaston Barreau** (7 December 1883 – 11 June 1958) was a French footballer and manager. He was the manager of France between 1919 and 1945, and again between 1949 and 1951.

He died on 11 June 1958, the day of France's match against Yugoslavia national football team at the 1958 FIFA World Cup. At the time, he was still working with the French national team.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Mendota Mental Health Institute

**Mendota Mental Health Institute** (**MMHI**) is a public psychiatric hospital in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. It is operated by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. 

The institute opened July 14, 1860, as the Wisconsin Hospital for the Insane. It was the first mental hospital in Wisconsin. In 1935, the facility was renamed Mendota State Hospital, and in 1974 it became Mendota Mental Health Institute. Its highest patient population was 1,300 in 1959. In 1997, there were fewer than 300 patients.

## References
Body snatching

, Scotland]]
**Body snatching** is the illegal removal of corpses from graves, morgues, and other burial sites. Body snatching is different from the act of grave robbery as grave robbing does not exactly involve the removal of the corpse, but instead the theft from the burial site itself. The term 'body snatching' mainly means the removal and sale of corpses for the purpose of dissection or anatomy lessons in medical schools.

The first recorded case of body snatching was in China and it dates back to 506 BC, when Wu Zixu dug up the corpse of King Ping of Chu to beat his corpse.

## References
Competence (law)

In United States and Canadian law, **competence** is about the mental capacity of a person to take part in legal proceedings and the mental condition a person must have to be responsible for his or her decisions or acts.

## References
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

The ***Milwaukee Journal Sentinel*** is a daily morning broadsheet printed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where it is the main newspaper and also the largest newspaper in the state of Wisconsin. It was bought by the Gannett Company in 2016.

## References
Leggings

]]
**Leggings** are several types of leg attire. Modern day leggings are elastic high-rise garments worn over the legs typically by women, such as leg warmers or tights. It was common for men in the 18th century to wear them usually around the leg down to the ankle. Leggings became popular with women in the 1960s. Due to the rise in popularity of aerobics, leggings became popular in the 1970s and 1980s, and eventually became streetwear. Leggings are a part of the late 2010s into the 2020s athleisure fashion trend of wearing activewear outside sporting activities.

## References
Albert Barillé

**Albert Barillé** (14 February 1920 – 5 February 2009) was a Polish-born French television producer, creator, screenwriter, cartoonist, and founder of Procidis. He is the creator of the stop-motion animated series *Les Aventures de Colargol*, and the series *Once Upon a Time...*. He was also an author of medical documentaries, theater pieces, and popularized philosophy.

## Filmography
**Les Aventures de Colargol* (1970)
**Once Upon a Time...*:
**Once Upon a Time... Man* (1978)
**Once Upon a Time... Space* (1982)
**Once Upon a Time... Life* (1987)
**Once Upon a Time... The Americas* (1992)
**Once Upon a Time... The Discoverers* (1994)
**Once Upon a Time... The Explorers* (1996)
**Once Upon a Time... Planet Earth* (2008)

## References
Robert Bloch

**Robert Albert Bloch** (; April 5, 1917September 23, 1994) was an American writer. His works were mainly crime, psychological horror and fantasy. He was best known as the writer of *Psycho* (1959), which was the source material for the movie of the same name directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

Bloch died on September 23, 1994 from cancer in Los Angeles, California at the age of 77. 

## References
## Other websites
* Robert Bloch at Official Website
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Robert Bloch Obituary at Hitchcock wiki
* Robert Bloch Papers are archived at the American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.
Skinning

**Skinning** is the act of removing the skin. The process is done by humans to animals, mainly as a way to prepare the meat for cooking and consumption, or to keep the skin for making fur clothing or tanning it to make leather. The skin may also be used as a trophy or taxidermy, sold on the fur market, used as proof of kill to collect a bounty from a government health, agricultural, or game agency.

## References
Psycho (novel)

***Psycho*** is a 1959 horror novel by American writer Robert Bloch. The novel is about the story of Norman Bates, a caretaker at an lonely motel who lives with a strict mother and starts killing a lot of people. The novel is thought to be the most influential horror novels of the 20th century.

The story was made into Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 movie of the same name, and was made into the television series *Bates Motel* (2013–2017). 

## References
The Silence of the Lambs

**The Silence of the Lambs** or **Silence of the Lamb** might mean:

**The Silence of the Lambs* (novel), a 1988 novel by Thomas Harris
***The Silence of the Lambs* (movie), a 1991 movie directed by Jonathan Demme based on the novel and starring Jodie Foster and Anthony Hopkins
*"Silence of the Lamb" (*Veronica Mars*), a 2005 television episode of *Veronica Mars*
**Waldsinfonie: The Silence of the Lamb*, a 1993 Autopsia CD
Buffalo Bill (The Silence of the Lambs)

**Jame Gumb** (known by the nickname "**Buffalo Bill**") is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Thomas Harris's 1988 novel *The Silence of the Lambs* and its 1991 movie version, in which he is played by Ted Levine. In the movie and the novel, he is a serial killer who kidnaps, and skins women for the purpose of making a "woman suit" to become a woman. The character was inspired by serial killers Ed Gein, Ted Bundy and Gary M. Heidnik.

## References
Divine retribution

**Divine retribution** (also known as **divine punishment**, **divine abuse**, or **supernatural abuse**) is the supernatural punishment of a single person, a group of people, or everyone, by a deity in response to some action. An example of this could be the Ten Plagues visited upon the ancient Egyptians for abusing the Jewish children of Israel. Sight of God's supernatural works and retribution would militate against faith in God's Word.

## References
## Related pages
*Nemesis
Plainfield (town), Wisconsin

**Plainfield** is a town in Waushara County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 533 at the 2000 census. The village of Plainfield is surrounded by the town

## References
Harold Schechter

**Harold Schechter** (born June 28, 1948) is an American true crime writer. His works focuses on serial killers. He is a Professor Emeritus at Queens College, City University of New York where he taught classes in American literature and myth criticism for forty-two years. He is the editor of the Library of America volume, *True Crime: An American Anthology*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* "Harold Schechter's Dangerous Pastime, " by Gary Shapiro, http://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/harold-schechters-dangerous-pastime/13904/
* "Murder by Mail:in gilded Age New York" book review by William Grimes, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/books/24grim.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
* Poison Served His Purpose:  a murder in New York gives us a landmark case and one gripping story," book review by Nathan Ward, http://www.opinionjournal.com/la/?id=110010807
* Harold Schechter's "Five Best Killer Stories: sensational murder trials…," http://www.opinionjournal.com/weekend/fivebest/?id=110010848
*Review of *Savage Pastimes: A Cultural History of Violent Entertainment* at Reason magazine
Pulp magazine

**Pulp magazines** were cheap fiction magazines that were published from 1896 until around 1955. The term "pulp" comes from the wood pulp paper on which the magazines were printed. The typical pulp magazine was 128 pages,  wide by  high, and  thick. The magazines were best known for their exploitative, and sensational stories. Some best known pulp stories were Flash Gordon, The Shadow, Doc Savage, and The Phantom Detective.

## References
The Silence of the Lambs (novel)

***The Silence of the Lambs*** is a 1988 psychological horror crime thriller novel by Thomas Harris. It was published August 29, 1988 and it is the sequel to Harris's 1981 novel *Red Dragon*.  Both novels feature the cannibalistic serial killer and brilliant psychiatrist Dr. Hannibal Lecter. 

The movie version directed by Jonathan Demme was released in 1991 and won all five of the "Big Five" Oscars, becoming the third and most recent movie to do so.

## References
Gunny sack

A **gunny sack**, also known as a **gunny shoe**, **burlap sack**, **hessian sack** or **tow sack**, is a large sack, traditionally made of burlap formed from jute, hemp, sisal, or other natural fibres. Modern-day versions of these sacks are often made from synthetic fabrics such as polypropylene.

## References
Shrunken head

, Seattle]]
A **shrunken head** is a decapitated, specially prepared human head with the skull removed which is many times smaller than its original size. They are used for trophies, ritual, trade, or other purposes. 

Headhunting is believed to have happened in many regions of the world. The practice of head shrinking has only been documented in the northwestern region of the Amazon rainforest.

## References
Dodge Correctional Institution

**Dodge Correctional Institution** (**DCI**) is an adult male maximum-security correctional facility run by the Wisconsin Department of Corrections Division of Adult Institutions in Waupun, Wisconsin. The facility became an adult correctional facility in 1977. DCI also serves as the central medical center for the division, giving both in-patient and out-patient care for male and female inmates.

## References
The Devil's Rejects

'''''The Devil's Rejects'''* is a 2005 American black comedy horror movie written, produced and directed by Rob Zombie. It is the second movie in the *Firefly'' movie series. It is a sequel to Zombie's 2003 movie *House of 1000 Corpses*, and followed by its own sequel in 2019, *3 from Hell*.

''The Devil's Rejects'' was released on July 22, 2005.

## References
Soup (Blind Melon album)

***Soup*** is the second studio album by American rock band Blind Melon. It was released on August 15, 1995, through Capitol Records. It is the band's last album released before the death of Shannon Hoon.

*Soup* received generally mixed reviews from critics. It reached number 28 on the US *Billboard* 200 albums chart and going on to sell 217,000 copies in the United States by October 1996. 

## References
Monster (American TV series)

***Monster*** is an American biographical crime drama anthology television series created by Ryan Murphy and Ian Brennan for Netflix. The series is about the lives of "monstrous figures", with each season about the life of a different killer or killers. 

The first season, *The Jeffrey Dahmer Story*, focuses on serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer (Evan Peters) and was released on Netflix on September 21, 2022.

The second season, *Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story*, is about the murder case of the Menendez brothers (Nicholas Alexander Chavez as Lyle Menendez and Cooper Koch as Erik Menendez) and was released on September 19, 2024.

The third season, *Monster: The Ed Gein Story*, focuses on murderer Ed Gein (Charlie Hunnam) and was released on October 3, 2025.

A fourth season, starring Ella Beatty as murder suspect Lizzie Borden, is currently being made.

## Notes
## References
Tad (band)

**Tad** was an American rock band from Seattle, Washington. It was formed in 1988 by Tad Doyle. They are often seen as one of the first grunge bands.

## References
Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story

***Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story*** is the first season of the American biographical crime drama anthology television series *Monster*. It was created by Ryan Murphy and Ian Brennan for Netflix. It was released on September 21, 2022. 

*Dahmer* is about the life of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer (Evan Peters). Other main characters include Dahmer's father, Lionel (Richard Jenkins), his stepmother Shari (Molly Ringwald), neighbor Glenda (Niecy Nash), and grandmother Catherine (Michael Learned).

*Dahmer* had mixed reviews, but was a commercial success, reaching the number-one spot on Netflix in the first week of its release. The season became Netflix's second most-watched English-language series of all time within 28 days, and the third Netflix series to pass 1 billion hours viewed in 60 days. 

## Notes
## References
Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story

***Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story*** is the second season of the American biographical crime drama anthology television series *Monster*. It was created by Ryan Murphy and Ian Brennan for Netflix. The season is about the 1989 murders of José (Javier Bardem) and Kitty Menendez (Chloë Sevigny), who were killed by their sons, Lyle (Nicholas Alexander Chavez) and Erik (Cooper Koch).

It is the second season in the *Monster* anthology series, following *Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story*. It was released on September 19, 2024. The season received mixed reviews from critics.

## References
Ella Beatty

**Ella Beatty** (born April 8, 2000) is an American actress. 

She is the daughter of Annette Bening and Warren Beatty. Her career began in 2024 with a role in the FX on Hulu anthology series *Feud: Capote vs. The Swans*. 

In 2024, Beatty was cast as Lizzie Borden for the fourth season of the anthology series *Monster*.

## References
## Other websites
*
God's Balls

'''''God's Balls''''' is the first studio album by the American rock band Tad. It was released in 1989 by Sub Pop. The band promoted the album by going on a European tour with labelmates Nirvana. The album was re-released as a deluxe edition in 2016 by Sub Pop.

## References
Monster: The Ed Gein Story

***Monster: The Ed Gein Story*** is the third season of the American biographical crime drama anthology television series *Monster*. It was created by Ian Brennan for Netflix. The season is about convicted murderer, graverobber, and suspected serial killer Ed Gein (Charlie Hunnam). It also stars Suzanna Son, Vicky Krieps, Laurie Metcalf, and Tom Hollander.

It is the third installment in the *Monster* anthology series, following *Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story* (2022) and *Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story* (2024).

It was released on October 3, 2025. The season received negative reviews.

## References
Allah Is Not Obliged

***Allah n’est pas obligé*** is an animated film made in France, Canada, Belgium, and Luxembourg.  

It was directed by Zaven Najjar and first shown in 2025.  

The movie is based on the novel of the same name written by Ahmadou Kourouma in 2000.

## Story 
The story follows **Birahima**, a twelve-year-old boy who lives in Côte d’Ivoire.    

After his mother dies, he travels with a man named **Yacouba** to find his aunt in Liberia.    

Along the way, they are taken by rebel groups, and Birahima becomes a child soldier.    

He witnesses violence, war, and suffering while crossing Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte d’Ivoire.    

Yacouba uses his role as a magician to survive among the fighters.  

## Voice cast 
* Naky Sy Savané  
* Raymond Dikoumé  
* Thomas Ngijol as Yacouba  
* Adrienne Irving  
* SK07  
* Marc Zinga  
* Annabelle Lengronne

## Production 
* **Director:** Zaven Najjar  
* **Writers:** Zaven Najjar and Karine Winczura, based on the novel by Ahmadou Kourouma  
* **Producers:** Adrien Chef, Paul Thiltges, Sébastien Onomo, Anne-Laure Guégan, Éric Idriss Kanango, Daniel Múgica  
* **Music:** Thibault Kientz-Agyeman  
* **Studios:** La Fabrique d’Images, Special Touch Studio, Paul Thiltges Distributions, Need Productions  
* **Distributor:** BAC Films
* **Language:** French  
* **Running time:** 77 minutes  

## Release 
The movie was first shown on  at the Annecy Festival.  

It was released in French cinemas on .

## Background 
The film is based on the 2000 novel *Allah n’est pas obligé* by Ahmadou Kourouma, which won the Prix Renaudot and the Prix Goncourt des Lycéens.    

The novel tells the same story of Birahima, a boy-soldier in West Africa, and mixes humor, sadness, and political truth.  

## See also 
* Child soldiers

## References 
## External links 
* Official page at Annecy Festival
*
Jerry Brudos

**Jerome Henry** "**Jerry**" **Brudos** (January 31, 1939  March 28, 2006) was an American serial killer and necrophile. He was known as the **Lust Killer** and the **Shoe Fetish Slayer**. He committed the kidnap, rape, and murder of four young women between 1968 and 1969 in Salem, Oregon. 

Brudos died of liver cancer in prison in Salem, Oregon on March 28, 2006 at the age of 67.

## References
Alison Knowles

**Alison Knowles** (April 29, 1933 – October 29, 2025) was an American visual artist. She was known for her installations, performances, soundworks, and publications. Knowles was a founding member of the Fluxus movement.

In the 1960s, she worked with John Cage and Marcel Duchamp.

From July 20, 2022 to February 12, 2023, Knowles was the subject of *by Alison Knowles: A Retrospective (1960–2022)* at the University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive.

Knowles died on October 29, 2025 in New York at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
* Archivio Conz
* Alison Knowles
* List of Event Scores
* Alison Knowles at CMOA
* Celebrating the Playful and Ephemeral Art of Alison Knowles
* Her Ordinary Materials: Fluxus Artist Alison Knowles on Her Carnegie Museum Show
* CMOA Exhibit Explores Long Career of Alison Knowles
* Alison Knowles at James Fuentes
* Frijoles Canyon
Steve Clarke

**Stephen Clarke** (born 29 August 1963) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player. He is currently the manager of the Scotland national team.

## Career statistics
### International
### Managerial record
## Honours
### Player
**Chelsea**
*FA Cup: 1996–97
*Football League Cup: 1997–98
*UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1997–98

**Individual**
*Chelsea Player of the Year: 1994
*Chelsea Centenary XI: 2004–05

### Assistant Manager
**Chelsea**
*Premier League: 2004–05, 2005–06,
*FA Cup: 2006–07
*Football League Cup: 2004–05

### Manager
**Scotland**
*UEFA Nations League
**League B (1): 2022–23

**Individual**
*SFWA Manager of the Year: 2017–18, 2018–19
*PFA Scotland Manager of the Year: 2018–19
*SPFL Premiership Manager of the Year: 2018–19
*Premier League Manager of the Month: November 2012
*Scottish Premiership Manager of the Month: December 2017, February 2018, March 2018

## References
## Other websites
*
*Steve Clarke manager profile at the Scottish Football Association (archived)
Navasota, Texas

**Navasota** is a city in Grimes County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,643 at the 2020 census.

## References
Sam (ugly dog)

**Sam**
(November 7, 1990 – November 18, 2005) was a blind, pure-bred Chinese Crested dog, and three-time champion of the annual Sonoma-Marin Fair World's Ugliest Dog Contest in Northern California in 2003–2005. His ugliness made him famous worldwide.

His owner, Santa Barbara resident Susie Lockheed, took him in as a rescue dog in 1999 from his first owner.

Because of problems with his heart, Sam was euthanized on November 18, 2005, just 11 days after his 15th birthday.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official site - Sam & Susie's Blog
Marash Kumbulla

**Marash Kumbulla** (born 8 February 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back. He currently plays for  club Mallorca, on loan from  club Roma. Born in Italy, he plays for the Albania national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours 
**Roma**
*UEFA Europa Conference League: 2021–22
*UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2022–23

## References
## Other websites
*Marash Kumbulla at the AS Roma website
*
Yasoob Abbas

**Maulana Mirza Mohammad Yasoob Abbas** (born 21 March 1970) is an Indian Shia Islamic cleric and speaker. He is general secretary of Shia College, Lucknow and is connected with the All India Shia Personal Law Board (AISPLB).

## Early life 
**Yasoob Abbas** was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, on 21 March 1970. He studied at Shia College in Lucknow.

## Work 
Abbas works as a religious speaker and cleric. He is involved with the All India Shia Personal Law Board and other religious and cultural groups in India. He has spoken about social and religious issues in India and has taken part in conferences and public discussions.

## Views 
* He criticised the Uttar Pradesh Government for ordering only madrasas to take part in Independence Day events.
* He welcomed the Supreme Court decision that banned triple talaq and said it was a victory for Muslim women.
* He criticised a petition filed by Waseem Rizvi to remove some verses from the Quran, calling it an insult to Muslims.
* He has spoken about terrorism and its effect on society and supported efforts to promote peace and humanity.

## External links 
* English Wikipedia: Yasoob Abbas
* Yasoob Abbas on Facebook
Green neon tetra

The **green neon tetra** (***Paracheirodon simulans***) is a species of freshwater fish. It is in the Acestrorhamphidae family, of the order Characiformes. It is native to the upper Orinoco and Negro Rivers in South America. it grows to to a standard length (SL) between . There is considerable overlap in both length and body depth between this species and others in the genus.

## References
Jean Vincent

**Jean Vincent** (29 November 1930 – 13 August 2013) was a French international footballer and manager. He played for France at the 1954 FIFA World Cup, 1958 FIFA World Cup, and 1960 European Nations' Cup.

He died on 13 August 2013 at the age of 82.

## Honours
### Player
;Lille
*French Division 1: 1953–54
*Coupe de France: 1952–53, 1954–55

;Stade de Reims
*French Division 1: 1957–58, 1959–60, 1961–62
*Coupe de France: 1957–58
*Challenge des champions: 1958, 1960

### Manager
;Nantes
*French Division 1: 1976–77, 1979–80
*Coupe de France: 1978–79

## References
## Other websites
*Weltfussball  
*Profile on FFF site
Fatos Nano

**Fatos Thanas Nano** (16 September 1952 – 31 October 2025) was an Albanian socialist politician. He was the Prime Minister of Albania in 1991, again from 1997 to 1998 and again from 2002 to 2005. He was the first leader and founder of the Socialist Party of Albania and a member of the Albanian Parliament from 1991 to 1993 and 1997 to 2009. 

Nano was a candidate for President of Albania in the 2007 presidential election but did not win. He again tried in the 2012 presidential election, but he did not even qualify as a candidate.

Nano died on 31 October 2025 in Tirana, Albania from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
Observation

**Observation** is a process of using the senses to learn about the world. It can be taken in multiple perspectives, such as analyzing, viewing, either actively or passively. In science, it refers to perceiving events into a context, qualitatively or quantitatively. Often, scholars appreciate the sciences through this view. Particularly, this is typically form a source, normally primary.

Thanks to advances in the field, many scientists and psychologists are able to better understand phenomena. Sometimes, however, this may lead to issues like misreporting information.

## References
Forrest, Illinois

**Forrest** is a village in Livingston County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,041 at the 2020 census.

## References
Dialogue – The Greens' Party

The '''Dialogue – The Greens' Party'* (Hungarian: *Párbeszéd – A Zöldek Pártja'') is a green political party in Hungary. It started in February 2013 when eight MPs left the LMP party. The party has never run in an election on its own.

In the 2019 local elections, the party's leader, Gergely Karácsony, was chosen as the Mayor of Budapest.

## Notes 
## See also 
* List of political parties in Hungary
Shannon Hoon

**Richard Shannon Hoon** (September 26, 1967 – October 21, 1995) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He was the lead singer of the band Blind Melon from 1990 until his death in 1995.

Hoon died of a cocaine overdose on October 21, 1995 in New Orleans, Louisiana at the age of 28.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Second Roman Republic

The **Roman Republic** was a short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius IX's departure to Gaeta. The republic was led by Carlo Armellini, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Aurelio Saffi.

## References
First Siege of Rome

**First Siege of Rome** was fought between Second Roman Republic and the combined forces of Papal states, Second French Republic and Spanish Empire.

## Background
In France, the new president Louis-Napoleon (who later became Emperor Napoleon III) faced a difficult choice. Earlier in his life, in 1831, he had actually joined a revolt against the Pope in the Papal States. But now, many French Catholics strongly supported him and wanted him to help the Pope. At the same time, sending French troops to Rome would increase French power in Italy and reduce Austrian (Habsburg) influence, which matched Louis-Napoleon’s foreign policy goals. So, even though he did not really want to go against Italian liberals, he finally decided to send French forces to restore the Pope to power.
## Siege
On 25 April 1849, about eight to ten thousand French soldiers under General Charles Oudinot landed at Civitavecchia near Rome, while 4,000 Spanish troops arrived to support the Pope, who was staying in Gaeta after fleeing the city. The French quickly told Giuseppe Mazzini, leader of the Roman Republic, that they intended to restore the Pope’s power. The Roman Assembly refused and, with crowds shouting “War!”, authorised defending the republic by force. At first, the French believed the Romans would not resist. But the city’s spirit rose when the famous commander Giuseppe Garibaldi finally entered Rome on 27 April, and when the skilled Lombard Bersaglieri arrived on 29 April after fighting Austrians in Milan. Defenses were hurriedly built on the Janiculum Hill and in villas around the city. On 30 April, the French, using old maps, marched to a gate that had long been sealed and were confused when the first cannon shot was mistaken for a noon gun signal. They were then surprised by fierce resistance from Garibaldi’s volunteers, citizen fighters from Trastevere and republican troops, who drove them back toward the sea. Although Garibaldi wanted to pursue the retreating French, Mazzini held back, hoping to avoid worsening relations with the French Republic. Captured French soldiers were treated politely as “guests of war” and returned with papers quoting the French constitution’s promise not to use force against the freedom of other nations.
## Related Pages
*Second Siege of Rome

## References
Obaidullah Shadikhel

**Obaid Ullah Khan Shadi Khel** is a Pakistani politician, and parliamentarian. He was elected a member of the National Assembly on a ticket of Pakistan Muslim League (N) from NA-71 (Mianwali) in a by-election in 2013.

## Political career 
He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan, as a candidate of PML by receiving 95,210 votes.

## References
Pentti Nikula

**Pentti Kustaa Nikula** (3 February 1939 – 30 October 2025) was a Finnish pole vaulter. He won the 1962 European Championships. He placed seventh at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Nikula died on 30 October 2025, at the age of 86.

## References
30th century

The **30th century d. C.** (thirtieth century AD ) or **30th century and. c.** (thirtieth century of the Common Era ) will be the last century of the 3rd millennium in the Gregorian calendar. It will begin on January 1, 2901 and end on December 31, 3000 .

## Expected events 
* April 8, 2914: marks the 1,000th birthday of the birth María Félix.

## Astronomical predictions 
### Major total solar eclipses 
* July 16, 2903: Total solar eclipse  (7 min 4 s), of saros 170.
* July 26, 2921: Total solar eclipse  (6 min 50 s), of saros 170.
* August 6, 2939: Total solar eclipse  (6 min 33 s), of saros 170.
* August 16, 2957: Total solar eclipse  (6 min 13 s), of saros 170.
* August 28, 2975: Total solar eclipse  (5 min 53 s), of saros 170.
* September 7, 2993: Total solar eclipse  (5 min 33 s), of the saros&nbsp;170.

## Other planned events 
### December 24, 2968 
* The Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument, located in Amarillo, Texas, contains four separate time capsules that are opened after different durations. The fourth capsule is scheduled to open 1,000 years after the monument was sealed in 1968 .

### December 31, 2999 
* The time capsule at Chinook Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is scheduled to be opened on December 31, 2999, after having been sealed in 1999 .

### April 8, 3000 
* Millennium change, 4th millennium . It hadn't happened since December 31, 2000, until January 1, 2001. And it won't happen again for another 1000 years.

## Music 
In a Colombian variant of the song *Happy Birthday*, the final verse indicates that birthdays can continue to be celebrated until the year 3000.

## Science fiction 
* According to the release date of Fabula Nova Crystallis, the video game Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII takes place in this century, 1000 years after the events of the previous installments.
* Matt Groening 's series, *Futurama ,* is set in the year 3000.
* The Second Silver Millennium in *Sailor Moon* is set in the 30th century.
* In the *Power Rangers Time Force* series, four of the protagonists (Jen, Lucas, Katie and Trip) come from the year 3000.
* In the Japanese series *Mirai Sentai Timeranger*, four of the protagonists (Yuuri, Ayase, Domon and Sion) come from the year 3000.
* The video game Borderlands 2 is set in the year 3000.

## References
Pro-Europeanism

at a Pulse of Europe rally in Cologne, Germany (2017)]]
Being **pro-European** means supporting Europe becoming more united and countries joining the European Union. The opposite of this is being Eurosceptic.

People who support Europe often say that being in the EU helps countries. They believe the EU boosts the economy, keeps peace, improves society, and gives countries more power in the world. They also think Europeans share values and a sense of belonging. They say these good things are more important than the problems some people see with the EU.

## See also 
* United States of Europe

## Notes
Colin Addison

**Colin Addison** (18 May 1940 – 31 October 2025) was an English professional footballer and manager. He started his career by playing with York City before moving to Nottingham Forest, Arsenal and Sheffield United. 

His managerial career started with Hereford United in 1971.

Addison died in Hereford, England on 31 October 2025 at the age of 85.

## References
Matjaž Kek

**Matjaž Kek** (born 9 September 1961) is a Slovenian professional football manager and former player. He is currently the manager of the Slovenia national team.

As a player, Kek played over 280 games for Maribor. He also played for Železničar Maribor, as well as for Spittal/Drau and GAK in Austria. He was also capped once by Slovenia, in a friendly against Cyprus in 1992. As a manager, he has coached Maribor, Slovenia, Al-Ittihad, and HNK Rijeka. While with Slovenia, he managed at the 2010 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2024.

Matjaž's father, Franc, played for NK Maribor during the early 1960s. His son, also named Matjaž, is a former footballer.

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Player
**Maribor**
*Slovenian PrvaLiga: 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99
*Slovenian Cup: 1996–97, 1998–99

### Manager
**Maribor**
*Slovenian PrvaLiga: 1999–2000, 2002–03
*Slovenian Cup: 2003–04
*Croatian Cup: 2013–14, 2016–17
*Croatian Super Cup: 2014

## References
## Other website
* 
*
Peter Watkins

**Peter Watkins** (29 October 1935 – 30 October 2025) was an English movie director, producer, screenwriter, documentarian, essayist and movie theorist. He was known for his docudrama and mockumentary works.

Watkins died on 30 October 2025, one day after his 90th birthday.

## Movies
## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* BFI: Peter Watkins
*
2025 United States federal government shutdown

closed on October 15, 2025 because of the shutdown]]
 Kristi Noem video blaming Democrats for the shutdown]]
On October 1, 2025, the federal government of the United States began a shutdown at 12:01 a.m. EDT because congress was unable to pass a funding bill for the 2026 fiscal year. The shutdown happened because Democrats and Republicans did not agree over federal spending levels, foreign aid rescissions, and health insurance subsidies.

The shutdown caused the furlough of roughly 900,000 federal employees and left another 2 million working without pay. While essential services such as Medicare, Medicaid, and the Transportation Security Administration continued, many agencies, including the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the WIC program stopped working.

The shutdown is the 11th government shutdown that resulted in federal employees being furloughed, the longest government shutdown in U.S. history, and the third shutdown during a Trump presidency, after the January 2018 shutdown and 2018–2019 shutdown.

The shutdown ended on November 12, 2025.

## References
Jörg Buttgereit

**Jörg Buttgereit** (born 20 December 1963) is a German director, producer and screenwriter. He is known for his controversial movies. He was born in Berlin. He is best known for his horror movies *Nekromantik* (1987), *Der Todesking* (1990), *Nekromantik 2* (1991) and *Schramm* (1993).

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Michael Wincott

**Michael Anthony Claudio Wincott** (born January 21, 1958) is a Canadian actor. He is known for his deep raspy voice. Because of his voice, Wincott is cast in many villainous roles. He is known for playing Guy of Gisbourne in *Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves* (1991); Top Dollar in *The Crow* (1994); Philo Gant in *Strange Days* (1995); Frank Elgyn in *Alien Resurrection* (1997); Adrian Cross on the TV miniseries *24: Live Another Day* (2014); and Antlers Holst in *Nope* (2022).

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Hitchcock (movie)

***Hitchcock*** is a 2012 American biographical romantic drama movie directed by Sacha Gervasi. It is based on Stephen Rebello's *Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho*. It is about the relationship between director Alfred Hitchcock and his wife, Alma Reville, during the making of *Psycho* in 1959. It was released in on November 23, 2012 by Fox Searchlight Pictures. 

## References
James D'Arcy

'''James D'Arcy** (born **Simon Richard D'Arcy'*; 24 August 1975) is an English actor and movie director. He is known for his roles as Edwin Jarvis in the Marvel Cinematic Universe television series *Agent Carter* and the 2019 movie *Avengers: Endgame''. D'Arcy also co-starred in Christopher Nolan's war movies *Dunkirk* (2017) and *Oppenheimer* (2023).

Simon D'Arcy was born on 24 August 1975 in Amersham, Buckinghamshire. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Second Siege of Rome

On 3 June 1849, French troops led by Marshal Nicolas Oudinot made a second attack on Rome during the struggle between the French forces and the Roman Republic. The attack came suddenly, without warning, as the French hoped to break into the city quickly and restore the Pope’s rule.

However, the defenders of Rome, commanded by Giuseppe Garibaldi, fought back fiercely. There were heavy battles around the walls and gates of the city, and the Roman fighters managed to stop the French once again. After hard fighting, the French troops were forced to retreat. Later French troops surrounded Rome, blocked supplies, and started siege operations to weaken the defenders over time. This marked the beginning of a long and difficult struggle that would eventually lead to the fall of the Roman Republic later in July 1849.
## Related Pages
*First Siege of Rome 

## References
Anjum

**Mohammed Iqbal Khan** (born 7 March 1973), better known as **Anjum Lucknowi**, is an Indian poet and author in Urdu and Hindi language.

## Early Life and Education 
Anjum was born as Mohammed Iqbal Khan in Fatehpur Tehsil, Dist Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, to Haleem Khan. He received his early schooling from Madrasa Alia Furqaniya, which included Urdu and Arabic. In 1987, Anjum moved from Barabanki to Mumbai with his father. In the same year, he began studying poetry under Aish Kanwal in Kurla, Mumbai. He trained in poetry for about nineteen years under Kanwal’s guidance.

• Testimonial Award (2016) – Awarded by MLA Sunil Tatkare in recognition of his participation in the "Jashn-e-Mushaira" organized at Roha Ashtami Municipal Council. – Certificate

• Khushi Award (2024) – Presented to Anjum Lucknowi by Dr. Faizul Hussan at the Dargah of Sufi Majidul Al Hassan in recognition of his poetic excellence and contribution to Urdu literature.

## Bibliography 
He has authored several works of poetry in Urdu and Hindi, including

• Azmat E Maa' (in Hindi). (2014 Mumbai: Bazm e Urdu Adab Kavi Santha). 96.p.ISBN 9798215506295.

• Shikwa Jawab-e-Shikwa' (in Urdu). (2017 Mustaqim Inter College, Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh): Rekhta. 39.p. ISBN 9798215506295.

## References
Timothy Riddiough

**Timothy Riddiough** is an American academic and researcher. He is the James A. Graaskamp Chair and the Chair of the Department of Real Estate and Urban Land Economics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

His research mainly focuses on topics such as credit risk in mortgage lending, mortgage securitization, real options, REIT investment, corporate finance, and land use regulation.

## Education 
Riddiough completed his Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A.) in Statistics and Operations Research in 1981 from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He received a Master of Science (M.S.) in Finance, Investment, and Banking in 1984, and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Real Estate and Urban Land Economics from the same university in 1991.

He was among the first researchers to discuss the idea of "trigger events" in connection with mortgage defaults.

Riddiough and his colleagues have shown that flexibility in land use increases property value, and that land use rules can change the risks involved in development, which can also affect the supply of housing.

His later research discussed how risk and uncertainty affect real estate investments and asset-backed securities. He proposed that dividing securities into tranches can reduce risk and increase overall value in loan sales.

## Awards and honors 
* Fellow of the Homer Hoyt Institute of Advanced Studies (2002)
* Fellow of the Real Estate Research Institute (2004)

## Selected works 
* Childs, P.D.; Riddiough, T.J.; Triantis, A.J. (1996). "Mixed Uses and the Redevelopment Option". *Real Estate Economics*. 24 (3): 317–339. doi:10.1111/1540-6229.00693.
* Geltner, D.; Riddiough, T.; Stojanovic, S. (1996). "Insights on the Effect of Land Use Choice: The Perpetual Option on the Best of Two Underlying Assets". *Journal of Urban Economics*. 39 (1): 20–50. doi:10.1006/juec.1996.0002.
* Riddiough, T.J. (1997). "Optimal Design and Governance of Asset-Backed Securities". *Journal of Financial Intermediation*. 6 (2): 121–152. doi:10.1006/jfin.1997.0214.
* Holland, A.S.; Ott, S.H.; Riddiough, T.J. (2000). "The Role of Uncertainty in Investment: An Examination of Competing Investment Models Using Commercial Real Estate Data". *Real Estate Economics*. 28 (1): 33–64. doi:10.1111/1540-6229.00792.
* Ott, S.H.; Riddiough, T.J.; Yi, H.C. (2005). "Finance, Investment and Investment Performance: Evidence from the REIT Sector". *Real Estate Economics*. 33 (1): 203–235. doi:10.1111/j.1080-8620.2005.00117.x.

## References