June 11

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1184 BC &ndash; Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned, according to calculations by Eratosthenes.
* 1429 &ndash; Hundred Years' War: Battle of Jargeau.
* 1488 &ndash; The Battle of Sauchieburn is fought between rebel Lords and King James III of Scotland, who dies in the battle.
* 1509 &ndash; Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon.
* 1594 &ndash; King Philip II of Spain recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines.
* 1641 &ndash; Caracas is struck by its first major earthquake since its founding.
* 1770 &ndash; James Cook reaches the Great Barrier Reef, after his ship, the HMS *Endeavour*, ran aground there.
* 1775 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: The war's first naval battle is fought in the Battle of Machias.
* 1776 &ndash; The Continental Congress appoints Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston to the committee of five, to draft the Declaration of Independence.
* 1788 &ndash; Russian explorer Gerasim Izmailov reaches Alaska.
* 1805 &ndash; Large parts of Detroit are destroyed by fire.
* 1865 &ndash; The naval Battle of Riachuelo in the War of the Triple Alliance is fought, with Brazil defeating Paraguay. This battle is important in the Triple Alliance defeating Paraguay in the war.
* 1881 &ndash; The current National Theatre of the Czech Republic, in Prague, is opened.
* 1898 &ndash; Spanish-American War: US warships set sail for Cuba.
* 1898 &ndash; The Hundred Days Reform is started by Guangxu Emperor in China.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1901 &ndash; New Zealand annexes the Cook Islands.
* 1903 &ndash; A group of Serbian military officer storm the royal palace in Belgrade and kill King Alexander Obrenovich and Queen Draga of Serbia.
* 1917 &ndash; Alexander of Greece becomes King, after Constantine I of Greece abdicates the throne under pressure from allied armies occupying Athens.
* 1935 &ndash; Edwin Armstrong gives the first public demonstration of FM broadcasting in the United States, in Alpine, New Jersey.
* 1936 &ndash; The International Surrealist Exhibition opens in London.
* 1937 &ndash; Joseph Stalin executes eight army leaders.
* 1938 &ndash; Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese nationalist government under Chiang Kai-shek orders the flooding of the Yellow River to halt Japanese forces, though more than 500,000 people are killed after not being warned before the flooding.
* 1938 &ndash; Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Wuhan begins.
* 1945 &ndash; The Communist Party of Germany is re-formed.
* 1947 &ndash; US sugar rationing ends.
* 1955 &ndash; More than 80 people are killed in the Le Mans Disaster, the deadliest disaster in motorsport.
* 1961 &ndash; In the night to June 12, 37 electricity pylons are blown up in South Tyrol, a region of Northern Italy that used to be part of Austria. Members of the separatist underground network are considered to be responsible.
* 1962 &ndash; Frank Morris, John Anglin, and Clarence Anglin escape from Alcatraz prison, but are never seen again.
* 1963 &ndash; Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc sets himself on fire with gasoline in Saigon, in protest at the lack of religious freedom in South Vietnam, under Ngo Dinh Diem.
* 1963 &ndash; Alabama Governor George Wallace refuses to let African American students Vivian Malone Jones and James Hood enroll at the University of Alabama, though he later gives in.
* 1964 &ndash; Retired World War II veteran Walter Seifert, on his 42nd birthday, runs amok in a Cologne school, killing at least 8 children and two teachers and injures many more with a flame thrower and a lance. He poisons himself and dies the next day.
* 1970 &ndash; Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington become the first female United States Army generals.
* 1971 &ndash; The prison island of Alcatraz is cleared, and the prison is shut down.
* 1981 &ndash; A magnitude 6.9 earthquake hits Golbaf, in Iran, killing at least 2,000 people.
* 1987 &ndash; Margaret Thatcher is elected to a third term as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
* 1994 &ndash; A law in Germany against homosexuality among people aged under 18 is removed.
* 1996 &ndash; A bomb attack on the Moscow Metro kills 4 people and injures 12.

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Timothy McVeigh is executed for the Oklahoma bombing.
* 2002 &ndash; United States Congress recognises Antonio Meucci as the inventor of the telephone.
* 2004 &ndash; The Cassini-Huygens probe makes its closest flyby of Saturn's moon Phoebe.
* 2007 &ndash; Mudslides in Chittagong, Bangladesh kill 130 people.
* 2008 &ndash; Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper makes a historic apology to the First Nations for abuse in the separation of children from their homes, families and cultures.
* 2010 &ndash; The 2010 FIFA World Cup begins in South Africa. It is the first FIFA World Cup to be held in Africa. The opening game ends in a 1–1 draw between South Africa and Mexico.
* 2019 &ndash; Botswana decriminalises homosexuality, due to a ruling by the country's highest law court.
* 2019 &ndash; 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup: The United States sets a tournament record for the margin of victory, defeating Thailand 13–0 in its opening game of the competition.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1403 &ndash; John IV, Duke of Brabant (d. 1427)
* 1456 &ndash; Anne Neville, wife of Richard III of England (d. 1485)
* 1572 &ndash; Ben Jonson, English playwright, poet, actor and literary critic (d. 1637)
* 1672 &ndash; Francesco Antonio Bonporti, Italian priest and composer (d. 1749)
* 1690 &ndash; Giovanni Antonio Giay, Italian composer (d. 1764)
* 1696 &ndash; Francis Edward James Keith, Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (d. 1758)
* 1697 &ndash; Francesco Antonio Vallotti, Italian composer, musical theorist and organist (d. 1780)
* 1704 &ndash; Carlos Seixas, Portuguese composer (d. 1742)
* 1723 &ndash; Johann Georg Palitzsch, German astronomer (d. 1788)
* 1726 &ndash; Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain (d. 1746)
* 1741 &ndash; Joseph Warren, American doctor and soldier (d. 1775)
* 1776 &ndash; John Constable, English painter (d. 1837)
* 1797 &ndash; José Trinidad Reyes, Honduran theorist and philosopher (d. 1855) 
* 1815 &ndash; Julia Margaret Cameron, English photographer (d. 1879)
* 1818 &ndash; Alexander Bain, Scottish philosopher (d. 1903)
* 1829 &ndash; Edward Braddon, Australian politician, 18th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1904)
* 1832 &ndash; Augustus Hill Garland, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1899)
* 1842 &ndash; Carl von Linde, German engineer and industrialist (d. 1934)
* 1847 &ndash; Millicent Fawcett, British suffragette and feminist (d. 1929)
* 1857 &ndash; Antoni Grabowski, early supporter of Esperanto (d. 1921)
* 1861 &ndash; Alexander Peacock, Australian politician, 20th Premier of Victoria (d. 1933)
* 1864 &ndash; Richard Strauss, German composer (d. 1949)
* 1871 &ndash; Stjepan Radic, Croatian politician (d. 1928)
* 1875 &ndash; George Herbert Walker, American banker (d. 1953)
* 1879 &ndash; Roger Bresnahan, American baseball player and manager (d. 1944)
* 1880 &ndash; Jeannette Rankin, American politician, feminist and pacifist (d. 1973)
* 1888 &ndash; Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian anarchist (d. 1927)
* 1894 &ndash; Kiichiro Toyoda, Japanese entrepreneur (d. 1952)
* 1894 &ndash; Dai Vernon, Canadian magician (d. 1992)
* 1895 &ndash; Nikolai Bulganin, Soviet politician (d. 1975)
* 1897 &ndash; Ram Prasad Bismil, Indian revolutionary (d. 1927)
* 1899 &ndash; Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer (d. 1972)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1903 &ndash; Ernie Nevers, American football player (d. 1976)
* 1904 &ndash; Pinetop Smith, American blues pianist (d. 1929)
* 1908 &ndash; Francisco Marto, Portuguese religious figure (d. 1919)
* 1908 &ndash; Karl Hein, German hammer thrower (d. 1982)
* 1910 &ndash; Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French documentary movie maker and marine biologist (d. 1997)
* 1910 &ndash; Carmine Coppola, American composer, director and songwriter (d. 1991)
* 1912 &ndash; James Algar, American film director, screenwriter and producer (d. 1998)
* 1913 &ndash; Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
* 1914 &ndash; Rufus Isaacs, American mathematician (d. 1977)
* 1914 &ndash; Gerald Mohr, American actor (d. 1968)
* 1915 &ndash; Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1997)
* 1915 &ndash; Nicholas Metropolis, American physicist, mathematician and computer scientist (d. 1999)
* 1918 &ndash; Ruth Aarons, American table tennis player (d. 1980)
* 1919 &ndash; Richard Todd, Irish-British actor (d. 2009)
* 1920 &ndash; King Mahendra of Nepal (d. 1972)
* 1920 &ndash; Keith Seaman, 29th Governor of South Australia (d. 2013)
* 1920 &ndash; Hazel Scott, Trinidad and Tobago–born American singer (d. 1981)
* 1922 &ndash; Michael Cacoyannis, Cypriot movie director and producer (d. 2011)
* 1922 &ndash; Alberto Bovone, Italian cardinal (d. 1998)
* 1922 &ndash; Walter Seifert, German retired World War II veteran, ran amok in a Cologne school (d. 1964)
* 1925 &ndash; William Styron, American writer (d. 2006)
* 1927 &ndash; Asghar Bichareh, Iranian photographer and actor (d. 2016)
* 1928 &ndash; Queen Fabiola of Belgium, former Queen Consort of Belgium (d. 2014)
* 1929 &ndash; Antonio Pujía, Argentine sculptor (d. 2018)
* 1930 &ndash; Charles B. Rangel, American politician
* 1930 &ndash; Ellen Schwiers, German actress (d. 2019)
* 1932 &ndash; Athol Fugard, South African-American actor, director and playwright
* 1932 &ndash; Tim Sainsbury, English businessman and politician
* 1933 &ndash; Gene Wilder, American actor, director, screenwriter and author (d. 2016)
* 1934 &ndash; Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark (d. 2018)
* 1936 &ndash; Chad Everett, American actor (d. 2012)
* 1937 &ndash; Rino Marchesi, Italian footballer
* 1937 &ndash; Robin Warren, Australian pathologist
* 1939 &ndash; Jackie Stewart, Scottish racing driver
* 1939 &ndash; Diana Moran, English model, fitness expert and journalist
* 1942 &ndash; Gunter Gabriel, German singer, musician and composer (d. 2017)
* 1943 &ndash; Henry Hill, American convict (d. 2012)
* 1945 &ndash; Adrienne Barbeau, American actress
* 1945 &ndash; Robert Munsch, Canadian children's author
* 1946 &ndash; Jenny Pitman, English racehorse trainer
* 1947 &ndash; Richard Palmer-James, English musician
* 1947 &ndash; Lalu Prasad Yadav, Indian politician, 20th Chief Minister of Bihar
* 1948 &ndash; Lynsey de Paul, English singer-songwriter, pianist and actress (d. 2014)
* 1949 &ndash; Frank Beard, American musician (ZZ Top)
* 1949 &ndash; Tom Pryce, Welsh racing driver (d. 1977)
* 1949 &ndash; Ingrid Newkirk, English-American animal rights activist, co-founder of PETA

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1952 &ndash; Yekaterina Podkopayeva, Russian middle-distance runner
* 1952 &ndash; Anote Tong, former President of Kiribati
* 1952 &ndash; Donnie Van Zant, American rock musician and singer
* 1952 &ndash; Doris Maletzki, German athlete
* 1953 &ndash; Peter Bergman, American actor
* 1956 &ndash; Joe Montana, American football player
* 1959 &ndash; Hugh Laurie, British actor
* 1960 &ndash; Mehmet Oz, Turkish-American television host, surgeon and inventor
* 1961 &ndash; María Barranco, Spanish actress
* 1962 &ndash; Jack Irons, American musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
* 1962 &ndash; Mano Menezes, Brazilian footballer and coach
* 1963 &ndash; Bruce Kimball, American diver
* 1963 &ndash; Sandra Schmirler, Canadian curler (d. 2000)
* 1964 &ndash; Kim Gallagher, American athlete
* 1965 &ndash; Joey Santiago, Filipino guitarist
* 1965 &ndash; Manuel Uribe, Mexican computer repairman, one of the heaviest people on record (d. 2014).
* 1968 &ndash; Prince Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein
* 1969 &ndash; Peter Dinklage, American actor
* 1969 &ndash; Bryan Fogarty, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2002)
* 1970 &ndash; Chris Rice, American singer
* 1971 &ndash; Liz Kendall, English politician
* 1975 &ndash; Choi Ji Woo, South Korean actress and model

### From 1976 
* 1977 &ndash; Geoff Ogilvy, Australian golfer
* 1977 &ndash; Ryan Dunn, American television star and stuntman (d. 2011)
* 1977 &ndash; Ben Peyton, British actor
* 1978 &ndash; Joshua Jackson, Canadian actor
* 1982 &ndash; Johnny Candido, American professional wrestler
* 1982 &ndash; Joey Graham, American basketball player
* 1982 &ndash; Stephen Graham, American basketball player
* 1982 &ndash; Haakon Opdal, Norwegian footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Diana Taurasi, American basketball player
* 1983 &ndash; Chuck Hayes, American basketball player
* 1984 &ndash; Vágner Love, Brazilian footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Shia LaBeouf, American actor.
* 1986 &ndash; Magaly Solier, Peruvian actress and singer
* 1987 &ndash; TiA, Japanese singer
* 1987 &ndash; Didrik Solli-Tangen, Norwegian singer
* 1987 &ndash; Dappy, English rapper and actor (N-Dubz)
* 1988 &ndash; Yui Aragaki, Japanese actress and model
* 1988 &ndash; Claire Holt, Australian actress and model
* 1989 &ndash; Maya Moore, American basketball player
* 1990 &ndash; Christophe Lemaitre, French sprinter
* 1990 &ndash; Sherina Munaf, Indonesian actress and singer
* 1991 &ndash; Dan Powell, English YouTube personality
* 1992 &ndash; Jordanne Whiley, English wheelchair tennis player
* 1994 &ndash; Ivana Baquero, Spanish actress
* 1996 &ndash; Ayaka Sasaki, Japanese singer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1950 
* 1183 &ndash; Henry the Young King, son of Henry II of England (b. 1155)
* 1216 &ndash; Henry of Flanders, Emperor of the Latin Empire
* 1298 &ndash; Blessed Yolanda of Poland (b. 1235)
* 1488 &ndash; King James III of Scotland (b. 1451)
* 1557 &ndash; King John III of Portugal (b. 1502)
* 1727 &ndash; King George I of Great Britain (b. 1660)
* 1796 &ndash; Samuel Whitbread, English brewer and politician (b. 1720)
* 1847 &ndash; John Franklin, British naval officer and Arctic explorer (b. 1786)
* 1852 &ndash; Karl Briullov, Russian painter (b. 1799)
* 1859 &ndash; Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Austrian statesman (b. 1773)
* 1868 &ndash; James Brooke, English adventurer (b. 1803)
* 1879 &ndash; William, Prince of Orange, heir to the throne of the Netherlands (b. 1840)
* 1882 &ndash; Louis Désiré Maigret, French bishop (b. 1804)
* 1897 &ndash; Henry Ayers, 8th Premier of South Australia (b. 1821)
* 1903 &ndash; Nikolai Bulgaev, Russian mathematician (b. 1837)
* 1903 &ndash; Alexander Obrenovich, King of Serbia (b. 1876)
* 1903 &ndash; Draga Lunjevica, Queen of Serbia (b. 1861)
* 1911 &ndash; James Curtis Hepburn, American physician and missionary (b. 1815)
* 1913 &ndash; Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Ottoman general and politician (b. 1856)
* 1914 &ndash; Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1848)
* 1924 &ndash; Theodore Dubois, French organist, composer and educator (b. 1837)
* 1934 &ndash; Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychologist (b. 1896)
* 1941 &ndash; Daniel Carter Beard, founder of the Boy Scouts of America (b. 1850)
* 1948 &ndash; Hugh M. Dorsey, American politician, Governor of Georgia (b. 1871)
* 1949 &ndash; Koçi Xoxe, Albanian politician (b. 1911)

### 1951 &ndash; 2000 
* 1955 &ndash; Pierre Levegh, French racing driver (b. 1905)
* 1956 &ndash; Corrado Alvaro, Italian writer (b. 1895)
* 1963 &ndash; Thich Quang Duc, Vietnamese Buddhist monk (b. 1897)
* 1964 &ndash; Phibul Songkhram, Thai Prime Minister and military leader (b. 1897)
* 1965 &ndash; José Mendes Cabecades, Portuguese politician (b. 1883)
* 1967 &ndash; Ernesto Ruffini, Italian cardinal (b. 1888)
* 1970 &ndash; Frank Laubach, Christian missionary (b. 1884)
* 1974 &ndash; Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President of Brazil (b. 1883)
* 1974 &ndash; Julius Evola, Italian politician (b. 1922)
* 1979 &ndash; John Wayne, American actor (b. 1907)
* 1984 &ndash; Enrico Berlinguer, Italian politician (b. 1922)
* 1988 &ndash; Giuseppe Saragat, 5th President of Italy (b. 1898)
* 1996 &ndash; Brigitte Helm, German actress (b. 1908)
* 1998 &ndash; Catherine Cookson, British writer (b. 1906).
* 1998 &ndash; Thomas Abernethy, American politician, Governor of Mississippi (b. 1903)
* 1999 &ndash; DeForest Kelley, American actor (b. 1920)

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Pierre Eyt, French cardinal (b. 1934)
* 2001 &ndash; Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist (b. 1968)
* 2004 &ndash; Mario Jeckle, German computer programmer (b. 1974)
* 2005 &ndash; Vasco Gonçalves, Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1922)
* 2006 &ndash; Bruce Shand, father of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (b. 1917)
* 2008 &ndash; Ove Andersson, Swedish rally driver (b. 1939).
* 2008 &ndash; Vo Van Kiet, Vietnamese politician (b. 1922).
* 2010 &ndash; Zenani Mandela, great-granddaughter of Nelson Mandela (b. 1997).
* 2011 &ndash; Kurt Nielsen, Danish tennis player (b. 1930).
* 2011 &ndash; Seth Putnam, American musician (b. 1968).
* 2011 &ndash; Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Israeli physicist (b. 1947).
* 2012 &ndash; Ann Rutherford, Canadian-American actress (b. 1920).
* 2012 &ndash; Teófilo Stevenson, Cuban boxer (b. 1952).
* 2013 &ndash; Robert Fogel, American economic historian (b. 1926).
* 2013 &ndash; Evelyn Kozak, American supercentenarian (b. 1899)
* 2013 &ndash; Vidya Charan Shukla, Indian politician (b. 1929)
* 2014 &ndash; Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Spanish conductor and composer (b. 1933)
* 2014 &ndash; Mipham Chokyi Lodro, Tibetan Buddhist teacher (b. 1952)
* 2014 &ndash; Ruby Dee, American actress, poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist and activist (b. 1922)
* 2014 &ndash; Gilles Ségal, French actor and playwright (b. 1929)
* 2015 &ndash; Ron Moody, English actor (b. 1924)
* 2015 &ndash; Ornette Coleman, American saxophonist and free jazz pioneer (b. 1930)
* 2015 &ndash; Dusty Rhodes, American professional wrestler (b. 1945)
* 2015 &ndash; Jack King, American public affairs officer (b. 1931)
* 2015 &ndash; Jim Ed Brown, American country singer (b. 1934)
* 2015 &ndash; Sebastiano Mannironi, Italian weightlifter (b. 1930)
* 2016 &ndash; Rudi Altig, German cyclist (b. 1937)
* 2016 &ndash; Shaibu Amodu, Nigerian football manager (b. 1958)
* 2016 &ndash; Asghar Bichareh, Iranian photographer and actor (b. 1927)
* 2016 &ndash; Bryan Robinson, American football player (b. 1974)
* 2017 &ndash; Errol Christie, British boxer (b. 1963)
* 2017 &ndash; Jim Graham, Scottish-born American politician (b. 1945)
* 2017 &ndash; Geoffrey Rowell, British Anglican prelate (b. 1943)
* 2018 &ndash; Victoria Kalima, Zambian politician (b. 1972)
* 2018 &ndash; Norma Bessouet, Argentine artist (b. 1940)
* 2018 &ndash; John Coates, Australian general (b. 1932)
* 2018 &ndash; Oscar Furlong, Argentine basketball player and tennis coach (b. 1927)
* 2018 &ndash; Yvette Horner, French accordionist (b. 1922)
* 2019 &ndash; Domenico De Simone, Italian politician (b. 1926)
* 2019 &ndash; Martin Feldstein, American economist (b. 1939)
* 2019 &ndash; Gabriele Grunewald, American runner (b. 1986)
* 2019 &ndash; Velvel Pasternak, Canadian-American musicologist (b. 1933)
* 2019 &ndash; Valeria Valeri, Italian actress (b. 1921)

## Observances 
* Kamehameha Day, official state holiday in Hawaii
* Birthday of Prince Henrik (Denmark)
* St. Barnabas Day