February 13

## Events
### Up to 1900 
* 1322 &ndash; The central tower of Ely Cathedral in Cambridgeshire, England, falls.
* 1462 &ndash; The Treaty of Westminster is finalized between Edward IV of England and the Scottish Lord of the Isles.
* 1503 &ndash; Disfida di Barletta: A tournament between 13 Italian and 13 French knights takes place near Barletta.
* 1542 &ndash; Catherine Howard, fifth wife of King Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.
* 1575 &ndash; Henry III of France is crowned King.
* 1633 &ndash; Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the inquisition.
* 1660 &ndash; Charles XI of Sweden becomes King at the age of 4 years, meaning that a regent rules Sweden until 1672.
* 1668 &ndash; Spain recognizes Portugal as an independent country.
* 1689 &ndash; William III and Mary II are crowned King and Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland.
* 1692 &ndash; At least thirty members of the MacDonald Clan are massacred in Glencoe, Scotland.
* 1739 &ndash; Battle of Karnal: The army of Persian ruler Nadir Shah defeats the forces of Mughal Emperor of India, Muhammad Shah.
* 1857 &ndash; British passenger steamer *Tempest* disappears in the North Atlantic Ocean after leaving New York City, with 150 people on board.
* 1858 &ndash; Searching for the source of the Nile, Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke become the first Europeans to reach Lake Tanganyika.
* 1861 &ndash; Francis II of the Two Sicilies surrenders at Gaeta to the army of Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy.
* 1880 &ndash; Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect.
* 1881 &ndash; The feminist newspaper *La Citoyenne* is first published in Paris by the activist Hubertine Auclert.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1918 &ndash; A magnitude 7.3 earthquake strikes Guangdong province, China.
* 1931 &ndash; New Delhi becomes the capital city of India.
* 1934 &ndash; Soviet steamship *Cheliuskin* sinks in the Arctic Ocean.
* 1935 &ndash; Bruno Hauptmann is found guilty of kidnapping and murdering the infant son of Charles Lindbergh.
* 1944 &ndash; Norwegian passenger ship *Irma* is torpedoed near Kristiansund, killing 61 people. It is revealed after the Second World War that it was a torpedo from the Norwegian Navy that hit the ship.
* 1945 &ndash; The Royal Air Force bombs the German city of Dresden in World War II.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: The Siege of Budapest ends with the unconditional surrender of the German and Hungarian armies to the Red Army.
* 1951 &ndash; Korean War: The Battle of Chipyong-ni begins.
* 1955 &ndash; Israel gains four of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls.
* 1960 &ndash; France becomes the fourth country to own nuclear weapons.
* 1961 &ndash; A 500,000–year–old rock is discovered near Olancha, California.
* 1971 &ndash; South Vietnamese troops invade Laos, with American support.
* 1978 &ndash; A bomb explodes outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing 2 refuse collectors and a police officer.
* 1980 &ndash; The 1980 Winter Olympics begin in Lake Placid, New York. The games became best known for the Miracle on Ice hockey game on February 22.
* 1981 &ndash; A series of sewer explosions destroys  more than two miles of streets in Louisville, Kentucky.
* 1982 &ndash; The Rio Negro massacre occurs in Guatemala.
* 1983 &ndash; A cinema fire in Turin, Italy, kills 64 people.
* 1984 &ndash; Konstantin Chernenko becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
* 1988 &ndash; The Winter Olympic Games open in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Like in 1976, Canada hosts the Olympics without winning a gold medal (They do, however, win a record 14 gold medals when they host the games in Vancouver in 2010).
* 1990 &ndash; Agreement is reached on a two–stage plan to re–unite Germany.
* 1991 &ndash; US bombers hit Baghdad in the Gulf War.
* 1996 &ndash; English pop music group Take That announces that it is splitting. The band re–forms in 2005.
* 2000 &ndash; The last Peanuts comic strip is printed in newspapers, a day after the death of Charles Schulz.

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits El Salvador, killing at least 400 people.
* 2004 &ndash; The Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics  announces the discovery of the Universe's largest–known diamond, white dwarf.
* 2007 &ndash; Taiwan's Opposition leader Ma Ying-jeou resigns as Chairman of the Kuomintang Party.
* 2008 &ndash; Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd makes a historic apology to Indigenous Australians and the Stolen Generations.
* 2010 &ndash; A bomb attack in Pune, Maharashtra, India, kills 17 people.
* 2011 &ndash; After the removal of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, the army suspends the constitution, and announces that it will remain in power until elections later in the year.
* 2012 &ndash; The European Space Agency's *Vega* rocket is launched from French Guiana.
* 2014 &ndash; Prime Minister of Italy Enrico Letta announces his intention to resign, less than ten months into the job, after instabilities in his coalition government.
* 2014 &ndash; Belgium's parliament votes to extend its euthanasia law to terminally–ill children, becoming the first country to allow euthanasia for people of all ages.
* 2017 &ndash; Kim Jong-nam (older half–brother of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un) is murdered at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia.

## Births
### Up to 1900 
* 1457 &ndash; Mary of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1482)
* 1480 &ndash; Girolamo Aleandro, Italian cardinal (d. 1542)
* 1539 &ndash; Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine (d. 1582)
* 1599 &ndash; Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667)
* 1683 &ndash; Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, Italian painter (d. 1754)
* 1721 &ndash; John Reid, Scottish general (d. 1807)
* 1728 &ndash; John Hunter, Scottish anatomist (d. 1793)
* 1734 &ndash; Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec, French explorer and naval officer (d. 1797)
* 1766 &ndash; Thomas Balthus, English economist (d. 1834)
* 1768 &ndash; Edouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, Marshal of France (d. 1835)
* 1769 &ndash; Ivan Krylov, Russian writer (d. 1844)
* 1805 &ndash; Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, German mathematician (d. 1859)
* 1831 &ndash; John Aaron Rawlins, 29th United States Secretary of War (d. 1869)
* 1834 &ndash; Heinrich Caro, German chemist (d. 1910)
* 1835 &ndash; Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Islamic religious leader (d. 1908)
* 1837 &ndash; Valentin Zubiaurre, Spanish composer (d. 1914)
* 1849 &ndash; Lord Randolph Churchill, British politician, father of Winston Churchill (d. 1895)
* 1849 &ndash; Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt, German impostor, Captain of Köpenick (d. 1922)
* 1855 &ndash; Paul Deschanel, President of France (d. 1922)
* 1866 &ndash; Lev Shestov, Russian philosopher (d. 1938)
* 1867 &ndash; Harold Mahony, Scottish–Irish tennis player (d. 1903)
* 1870 &ndash; Leopold Godowsky, Polish–American pianist and composer (d. 1938)
* 1873 &ndash; Feodor Chaliapin, Russian opera singer (d. 1938)
* 1876 &ndash; Fritz Buelow, German–American baseball player (d. 1933)
* 1879 &ndash; Sarojini Naidu, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1949)
* 1880 &ndash; Dimitrie Gusti, Romanian sociologist, ethnologist, historian and philosopher (d. 1955)
* 1883 &ndash; Hal Chase, American baseball player (d. 1947)
* 1884 &ndash; Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American athlete, inventor and businessman (d. 1961)
* 1885 &ndash; George Fitzmaurice, American–French director (d. 1940)
* 1885 &ndash; Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States (d. 1982)
* 1888 &ndash; Georgios Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1968)
* 1891 &ndash; Grant Wood, American painter (d. 1942)
* 1892 &ndash; Robert H. Jackson, 57th United States Attorney General (d. 1954)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Paul Lazarsfeld, Austrian–American sociologist (d. 1976)
* 1901 &ndash; Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Scottish writer (d. 1935)
* 1902 &ndash; Harold Lasswell, American political scientist (d. 1978)
* 1903 &ndash; Georgy Beriev, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1979)
* 1903 &ndash; Georges Simenon, Belgian writer (d. 1989)
* 1906 &ndash; Agostinho da Silva, Portuguese philosopher (d. 1994)
* 1909 &ndash; Mario Casariego y Acevedo, Guatemalan cardinal (d. 1983)
* 1910 &ndash; William Shockley, British–American physicist (d. 1989)
* 1911 &ndash; Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Pakistani Urdu poet (d. 1984)
* 1911 &ndash; Jean Muir, American actress (d. 1996)
* 1913 &ndash; Khalid bin Abdul-Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia (d. 1982)
* 1915 &ndash; Aung San, Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician (d. 1947)
* 1915 &ndash; lyle Bettger, American actor (d. 2003)
* 1916 &ndash; John Reed, British singer of Gilbert and Sullivan (d. 2010)
* 1918 &ndash; Patty Berg, American golfer (d. 2006)
* 1919 &ndash; Tennessee Ernie Ford, American musician (d. 1991)
* 1919 &ndash; Eddie Robinson, American football coach (d. 2007)
* 1921 &ndash; Jeanne Demessieux, French organist, pianist and composer (d. 1968)
* 1922 &ndash; Francis Pym, British politician
* 1922 &ndash; Gordon Tullock, American economist and academic (d. 2014)
* 1923 &ndash; Chuck Yeager, American pilot
* 1923 &ndash; Michael Anthony Bilandic, 49th Mayor of Chicago (d. 2002)
* 1923 &ndash; James Abdnor, American politician (d. 2012)
* 1925 &ndash; Stuart Wagstaff, English–Australian entertainer (d. 2015)
* 1928 &ndash; Gerald Regan, 19th Premier of Nova Scotia
* 1929 &ndash; Omar Torrijos, President of Panama (d. 1981)
* 1930 &ndash; Ernst Fuchs, Austrian painter, sculptor and illustrator (d. 2015)
* 1930 &ndash; Israel Kirzner, English–American economist, writer and academic
* 1932 &ndash; Barbara Shelley, English actress
* 1932 &ndash; Sarah Oliver, American actress (d. 1990)
* 1933 &ndash; Paul Biya, President of Cameroon
* 1933 &ndash; Kim Novak, American actress
* 1933 &ndash; Peter L. Pond, American activist and philanthropist (d. 2000)
* 1933 &ndash; Emanuel Ungaro, French fashion designer
* 1934 &ndash; George Segal, American actor
* 1937 &ndash; Rupiah Banda, former President of Zambia
* 1937 &ndash; Sigmund Jaehn, German cosmonaut
* 1938 &ndash; Oliver Reed, English actor (d. 1999)
* 1939 &ndash; Valery Rozhdestvensky, Soviet–Russian cosmonaut (d. 2011)
* 1939 &ndash; Beate Klarsfeld, German activist
* 1940 &ndash; Bram Peper, Dutch sociologist and politician, former Mayor of Rotterdam
* 1941 &ndash; Sigmar Polke, German painter (d. 2010)
* 1941 &ndash; Bo Svenson, Swedish–American actor
* 1942 &ndash; Katsuaki Watanabe, CEO of Toyota
* 1942 &ndash; Peter Tork, American musician (Member of The Monkees)
* 1942 &ndash; Carol Lynley, American actress
* 1944 &ndash; Jerry Springer, American television host
* 1944 &ndash; Stockard Channing, American actress
* 1944 &ndash; Bo Svenson, American actor
* 1945 &ndash; Wallis Grahn, Swedish actress (d. 2018)
* 1945 &ndash; King Floyd, American musician (d. 2006)
* 1945 &ndash; Simon Schama, British historian
* 1945 &ndash; Marian Dawkins, British biologist
* 1946 &ndash; Artur Jorge, Portuguese football coach
* 1947 &ndash; Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball coach
* 1947 &ndash; Kevin Bloody Wilson, Australian comedian, singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1948 &ndash; Kitten Natividad, Mexican–American actress and dancer
* 1949 &ndash; Peter Kern, Austrian actor, film director, screenwriter and producer (d. 2015)
* 1950 &ndash; Peter Gabriel, English musician
* 1950 &ndash; Bob Daisley, Australian musician

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1952 &ndash; Freddy Maertens, Belgian cyclist
* 1956 &ndash; Liam Brady, Irish footballer
* 1956 &ndash; Peter Hook, English musician
* 1956 &ndash; Princess Alia bint Al Hussein of Jordan
* 1958 &ndash; Pernilla August, Swedish actress
* 1958 &ndash; Tip Tipping, English actor and stuntman (d. 1993)
* 1959 &ndash; Gaston Gingras, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1960 &ndash; Pierluigi Collina, Italian football referee
* 1960 &ndash; Pia Sundhage, Swedish soccer player and coach
* 1960 &ndash; Artur Yusupov, Russian–German chess player
* 1961 &ndash; Marc Crawford, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
* 1961 &ndash; Henry Rollins, American singer, actor and writer
* 1961 &ndash; Richard Tyson, American actor
* 1962 &ndash; Anibal Acevedo Vila, former Governor of Puerto Rico
* 1962 &ndash; Hugh Dennis, English actor and comedian
* 1964 &ndash; Stephen Bowen, American engineer, captain and astronaut
* 1964 &ndash; Ylva Johansson, Swedish politician
* 1965 &ndash; Peter O'Neill, 7th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
* 1967 &ndash; Stanimir Stoilov, Bulgarian footballer
* 1967 &ndash; Johnny Tapia, American boxer (d. 2012)
* 1968 &ndash; Daisuke Ikeda, Japanese professional wrestler
* 1968 &ndash; Niamh Kavanagh, Irish singer
* 1969 &ndash; Joyce DiDonato, American mezzo–soprano
* 1970 &ndash; Elmer Bennett, American basketball player
* 1970 &ndash; Karoline Krüger, Norwegian singer-songwriter and pianist
* 1971 &ndash; Mats Sundin, Swedish ice hockey player
* 1971 &ndash; Todd Williams, American baseball player
* 1974 &ndash; Robbie Williams, English singer
* 1974 &ndash; Ana Patricia Rojo, Mexican actress
* 1975 &ndash; Ben Collins, English racing driver
* 1975 &ndash; Tony Dalton, American–born actor

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Suzanne Maddock, British actress
* 1978 &ndash; Philippe Jaroussky, French tenor
* 1979 &ndash; Rafael Marquez, Mexican footballer
* 1979 &ndash; Rachel Reeves, English politician
* 1979 &ndash; Mena Suvari, American actress
* 1979 &ndash; Anders Behring Breivik, Norwegian mass murderer (2011 Norway attacks)
* 1980 &ndash; Sebastian Kehl, German footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Sam Burley, American athlete
* 1981 &ndash; Liam Miller, Irish footballer (d. 2018)
* 1983 &ndash; Anna Watkins, British rower
* 1984 &ndash; Eveli Saue, Estonian orienteer and athlete
* 1985 &ndash; Hedwiges Maduro, Dutch footballer
* 1985 &ndash; Alexandros Tziolis, Greek footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Jamie Murray, Scottish tennis player
* 1987 &ndash; Eljero Elia, Dutch footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Aston Merrygold, British singer (JLS)
* 1989 &ndash; Carly McKillip, Canadian singer and actress
* 1989 &ndash; Rodrigo Possebon, Brazilian footballer
* 1990 &ndash; Gyaincain Norbu, 11th Panchen Lama
* 1990 &ndash; Mamadou Sakho, French footballer
* 1993 &ndash; Alex Sawyer, British actor, director and singer
* 1994 &ndash; Memphis Depay, Dutch footballer
* 1995 &ndash; Ayame Koike, Japanese actress

## Deaths
### Up to 1900 
* 721 &ndash; Chilperic II (b. 672)
* 858 &ndash; Kenneth I of Scotland
* 1130 &ndash; Pope Honorius II
* 1141 &ndash; Bela II of Hungary (b. 1110)
* 1199 &ndash; Stefan Nemanja, Serbian Grand Prince (b. 1113)
* 1219 &ndash; Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shogun (b. 1192)
* 1332 &ndash; Andronik II Palaiologus, Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (b. 1250)
* 1539 &ndash; Isabella d'Este, Italian Renaissance figure (b. 1474)
* 1542 &ndash; Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII of England (b. 1521)
* 1571 &ndash; Benvenuto Cellini, Italian artist (b. 1500)
* 1592 &ndash; Jacopo Bassano, Italian painter (b. 1510)
* 1600 &ndash; Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (b. 1538)
* 1608 &ndash; Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Lithuanian Prince (b. 1526)
* 1660 &ndash; Charles X, King of Sweden (b. 1622)
* 1662 &ndash; Elizabeth of Bohemia (b. 1596)
* 1693 &ndash; Johann Kaspar Kerli, German organist and composer (b. 1627)
* 1728 &ndash; Cotton Mather, American Puritan minister (b. 1663)
* 1741 &ndash; Johann Joseph Fux, Austrian composer (b. 1660)
* 1787 &ndash; Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat (b. 1717)
* 1787 &ndash; Roger Joseph Boscovich, Croat–Italian physicist (b. 1711)
* 1813 &ndash; Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1725)
* 1837 &ndash; Mariano Jose de Larra, Spanish journalist and writer (b. 1809)
* 1883 &ndash; Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813)
* 1888 &ndash; Jean-Baptiste Lamy, French–American archbishop (b. 1814)
* 1889 &ndash; Joao Mauricio Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (b. 1815)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1905 &ndash; Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter (b. 1844)
* 1906 &ndash; Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (b. 1866)
* 1909 &ndash; Hugo Egmont Horring, Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1842)
* 1916 &ndash; Carlos Antonio Mendoza, 3rd President of Panama (b. 1856)
* 1934 &ndash; Jozsef Pusztai, Slovenian–Hungarian writer (b. 1864)
* 1942 &ndash; Epitacio Pessoa, President of Brazil (b. 1865)
* 1943 &ndash; Neyyire Neyir, Turkish actress (b. 1902)
* 1954 &ndash; Agnes MacPhail, Canadian politician (b. 1890)
* 1956 &ndash; Jan Lukasiewicz, Polish mathematician (b. 1878)
* 1958 &ndash; Dame Christabel Pankhurst, British suffragette (b. 1880)
* 1958 &ndash; Georges Rouault, French painter (b. 1871)
* 1964 &ndash; Werner Heyde, German psychiatrist (b. 1902)
* 1968 &ndash; Mae Marsh, American actress (b. 1895)
* 1974 &ndash; Ustad Amir Khan, Indian classical singer (b. 1912)
* 1975 &ndash; Andre Beaufre, French general (b. 1902)
* 1976 &ndash; Murtala Mohammed, Nigerian military leader (b. 1938)
* 1976 &ndash; Lily Pons, French–American soprano and actress (b. 1904)
* 1980 &ndash; Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician (b. 1905)
* 1982 &ndash; Zeng Jinlian, tallest woman ever (b. 1964)
* 1988 &ndash; John Curulewski, American guitarist (Styx) (b. 1950)
* 1991 &ndash; Arno Breker, German sculptor (b. 1900)
* 1992 &ndash; Nikolay Bogolyubov, Russian mathematician (b. 1909)
* 1993 &ndash; Willoughby Gray, British actor (b. 1916)

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Waylon Jennings, American musician (b. 1937)
* 2004 &ndash; Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, Chechen politician (b. 1952)
* 2005 &ndash; Maurice Trintignant, French racing driver (b. 1917)
* 2006 &ndash; Peter Frederick Strawson, British philosopher (b. 1919)
* 2007 &ndash; Johanna Sallstrom, Swedish actress (b. 1974)
* 2008 &ndash; Kon Ichikawa, Japanese movie director and producer (b. 1915)
* 2008 &ndash; Henri Salvador, French singer and guitarist (b. 1917)
* 2010 &ndash; John Reed, British singer of Gilbert and Sullivan (b. 1916)
* 2011 &ndash; Inese Jaunzeme, Latvian javelin thrower (b. 1932)
* 2013 &ndash; Pieter Kooijmans, Dutch politician (b. 1933)
* 2014 &ndash; Balu Mahendra, Indian moviemaker and screenwriter (b. 1939)
* 2014 &ndash; Richard Moller Nielsen, Danish footballer and coach (b. 1937)
* 2014 &ndash; Piero D'Inzeo, Italian equestrian show jumper (b. 1923)
* 2014 &ndash; Ralph Waite, American actor (b. 1928)
* 2015 &ndash; Kesava Reddy, Indian writer (b. 1946)
* 2015 &ndash; Stan Chambers, American journalist (b. 1923)
* 2016 &ndash; Antonin Scalia, United States Supreme Court Justice (b. 1936)
* 2016 &ndash; O. N. V. Kurup, Indian poet, lyricist and politician (b. 1931)
* 2016 &ndash; Trifon Ivanov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1965) 
* 2016 &ndash; Christopher Zeeman, British mathematician (b. 1925)
* 2017 &ndash; Sara Coward, British actress (b. 1948)
* 2017 &ndash; Kim Jong-nam, half–brother of Kim Jong-un (b. 1971)
* 2017 &ndash; Jan Grabowski, Polish speedway rider (b. 1950)
* 2017 &ndash; Lucky Pulpit, American–trained racehorse (b. 2001)
* 2017 &ndash; E-dubble, American rapper (b. 1982)
* 2017 &ndash; Harold Denton, American public servant (b. 1936)
* 2017 &ndash; Bruce Lansbury, English–American television producer (b. 1930)
* 2017 &ndash; Seijun Suzuki, Japanese director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1923)
* 2018 &ndash; Joseph Bonnel, French footballer (b. 1939)
* 2018 &ndash; Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian ascetic and philanthropist (b. 1914)
* 2018 &ndash; Tito Francona, American baseball player (b. 1933)
* 2018 &ndash; Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark (b. 1934)
* 2018 &ndash; Josefina Samper, Spanish communist and feminist (b. 1927)

## Observances 
* World Radio Day