open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Korie Homan

**Korie Homan** (born 16 June 1986, de Wijk) is a retired Dutch wheelchair tennis player. Homan was part of the current Paralympic doubles champion team. Homan is the former Australian Open Champion. She has won all the Grand Slam doubles titles. In 2009 she complete the Grand Slam with Esther Vergeer. In 2011 Homan retired from playing because of a wrist injury.

## Early life
Homan was born to Jan and Gina Willem. Homan has two older sisters. At the age of 12 Homan was involved in a car accident. In 2003, when she finished school she had her leg cut off (amputated) 

## Wheelchair tennis
Homan first appeared on the wheelchair tennis tour in 2003. By the end of the season she had reached number 23. Homan did not have a ranking at the start of the year.  In 2004 at the age of 17 Homan won her first Masters title. She won the doubles with Jiske Griffioen. At the 2005 US Open Homan reached her first Grand Slam finals. She reached both the singles and the doubles final. In the singles she lost in straight sets to Vergeer. But she won the doubles with Vergeer. In 2006 Homan won her first two series one titles. She won both the singles and doubles titles in Livorno. Homan also reached her second Grand Slam doubles final. At the US Open Maaike Smit was her team mate. They lost in straight sets to Vergeer and Griffioen. The pair also lost the final of the Masters. Homan started 2007 by losing in the final of the Australian Open doubles. Her partner in the event was Florence Gravellier. They lost the final in a match tiebreaker. At the US Open Homan was joined by Sharon Walraven. The pair reached the final before losing. Homan also had final defeats at the Super Series events of the British, Japan and US Opens. Homan lost both finals at the Masters. In 2008 Homan lost both the singles and doubles finals at the Australian and French Opens. She also lost in the singles final at the Masters. At the Paralympic Games Homan won a Gold Medal in the doubles event. She also won a silver medal in the singles. In the final she became the first player in over five years to hold match point against Vergeer. Homan's last competition was the 2010 Australian Open. In July 2011 Homan said that she had retired because of a wrist injury.

## Outside of tennis
Homan has a degree in biomedical science. As of September 2010, she is studying Veterinary Medicine.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Korie Homan  at the International Tennis Federation
Krishna

Temple, Singapore]]
**Krishna** is an important God (Param Brahma) in Hinduism. He is considered to have been an avatar of Vishnu. Krishna is believed to have been a real being who took part in the war known as the Mahabharata. He is a central character in the important Hindu scripture the Bhagavad Gita. Hindu often consider him a warrior, hero, teacher and philosopher and a great leader. He defeated the cruel King Kansa, who put his mother, *Devāki* and her consort *Vasudevā* to jail.
## Related pages
* Balarama
* Radha
* Krishnaism
* Krishna Janmastami

## References
Neurospora

***Neurospora*** is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. The best known species in this genus is ***Neurospora crassa***, a common model organism in genetics and molecular biology.

The first published account of this fungus was from an infestation of French bakeries in 1843.

*N. crassa* is used as a model organism because it is easy to grow and has a haploid life cycle that makes genetic analysis simple since recessive traits will show up in the offspring. Analysis of genetic recombination is facilitated by the ordered arrangement of the products of meiosis in *Neurospora* ascospores. Its entire genome of seven chromosomes has been sequenced.

*Neurospora* was used by Edward Tatum and George Wells Beadle in their experiments for which they won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958. Beadle and Tatum exposed *N. crassa* to x-rays, causing mutations. They then observed failures in metabolic pathways caused by errors in specific enzymes. This led them to propose the "one gene, one enzyme" hypothesis that specific genes code for specific proteins.  Their hypothesis was later elaborated to enzyme pathways by Norman Horowitz, also working on *Neurospora*.

In the 24 April 2003 issue of *Nature*, the genome of *N. crassa* was reported as completely sequenced. The genome is about 43 megabases long and includes approximately 10,000 genes. There is a project underway to produce strains containing knockout mutants of every *N. crassa* gene.

In its natural environment, *N. crassa* lives mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It can be found growing on dead plant matter after fires. Neurospora is actively used in research around the world. It is important in the elucidation of molecular events involved in circadian rhythms, epigenetics and gene silencing, cell polarity, cell fusion, development, as well as many aspects of cell biology and biochemistry.

Strains and other materials for working with Neurospora are available from the
Fungal Genetics Stock Center 

## References
Rotating furnace

A **rotating furnace** is a special type of furnace used to make lenses or mirrors for telescopes. Glass is placed in the furnace which is then spun up and heated. The top surface of the melted glass takes on a  shape. The glass is cooled while still spinning. The spinning makes the glass the same shape as the main mirror used in a telescope. Computer controlled grinding machines can correct the shape of the glass. The concave top surface can be coated with silver and be used as a focusing mirror. The shape of bottom surface is made by the container the glass was melted in. The technology is being used for the Giant Magellan Telescope's seven mirrors. 

Large focusing mirrors can also be made using liquid mercury, such as the Large Zenith Telescope. The rotation is continuous and the metal remains liquid; once all waves and imbalances die out, the telescope is then used.  

## References
Large Zenith Telescope

The **Large Zenith Telescope** (LZT) is a 6.0 metre diameter telescope. It is in the University of British Columbia's Malcolm Knapp Research Forest, about  east of Vancouver. It is one of the largest  telescopes in the world. 

A  telescope is only able to look straight up. This means that it can use a mirror which is a smoothly spinning pan filled with liquid mercury. This type of mirror can be made much larger and cheaper than a conventional mirror, which means it collects much more light. This light is focused into a CCD to make an image. The LZT is used for "transit imaging". This means that earth's rotation moves stars past the telescope. Images can be taken by moving the sensor electronically in step with this movement.

The telescope was made in 1994 using parts from the three-metre diameter NASA Orbital Debris Observatory telescope, which was retired a couple years earlier after several years of use.

## References 
## Other websites
* Large Zenith Telescope homepage
* A picture of the design.
Hamnet Shakespeare

**Hamnet Shakespeare** ( January 1585 
9 August 1596) was the only son of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway.  He was the twin brother of Judith Shakespeare. He died at age 11.  How he died is not known. There are several ideas about a possible relationship between Hamnet and his father's play *Hamlet*. Other ideas state there is a relationship between Hamnet's death and the writing of *King John*, *Romeo and Juliet*, *Julius Caesar*, and *Twelfth Night*. These ideas of a relationship became popular as early as the 18th century.  They continued into the 1930s.  In the 1930s, thinkers who believed in modernism and New Criticism said the relationship did not matter.  Modernism and New Criticism thinkers believe that a writer's life does not change his writing.   More recently, as New Criticism has become less popular, the ideas about Hamnet and his father's work have been talked about again.

## Life
Hamnet was born along his twin sister Judith Shakespeare in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1585, as the son and daughter of William Shakespeare, a English playwright. The exact date of their births is unknown, but they were presumed to have been born sometime in January 1585. Hamnet Shakespeare died in Stratford-upon-Avon in August 1596. The exact date of his death is unknown, but is presumed to have been on 9 August 1596.

## References
Stéphane Hessel

**Stéphane Frédéric Hessel** (20 October 1917 - 27 February 2013) was a German-French diplomat and political activist. He was born in Berlin and became a French citizen in 1939. He was active in the Resistance in France during the Second World War. After the war, he was secretary to one of the writers of the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights and took part in World Conference on Human Rights that adopted Vienna Declaration He also opposed inequality in wealth and war by Israel in Palestine. 

## References
## Other websites
* "Time for Outrage!"
First Battle of Maryang San

The **Battle of Maryang San** was Australia's greatest accomplishment in the Korean War. The battle occurred when the US General George Fleet called for forces to capture some positions just before the signing of the truce at Panmanjan.

## Background 
The Commonwealth forces, fighting as part of the United Nations were British, Australian and New Zealand units. These included three Battalions of the 28th British Commonwealth Brigade,  the 1st Battalion The King's Own Scottish Borderers, 1st Battalion King's Shropshire Light Infantry  and 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. Brigadier George Taylor (United Kingdom) was the Brigade Commander. The British Commonwealth Division had the 25th, 28th and 29th Brigades under the command of Lieutenant General James "Gentleman Jim" Cassels (later Field Marshal Sir James) and was part of 1 Corps. These units were  against the Chinese Communist forces. 3 Battalion RAR was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 'Frank' Francis Hassett.  Commonwealth forces main aims were to take a number of hill positions, and the main objective, Maryang San.

The first attacks saw the Australian A and B company of 3 RAR take Hill 199, and the 1st Battalion Kings Shropshire Light Infantry take Hill 208. The Kings Own Scottish Borderers  had moved to take Hill 399 but were pinned down on its slopes by night time. The Australians attacked at dawn, moving against the Chinese held Hill 200. Chinese infantry were driven from their trenches, and they fled, leaving behind some prisoners of war. The first gun emplacement was taken, and then the second, with the Chinese troops retreating down the slope of Hill 200.

A, B and D Companies attacked the Chinese units, and drew them away from Maryan San, the main objective. Following United Nations forces artillery and mortar fire, Chinese troops withdrew from Maryan San, and the Australian troops moved to take the position. Australian troops moved against an area that was used by the Chinese for artillery bombardments, known as the Hinge. After taking the Hinge, they were subjected to constant attacks, which eventually became sporadic and died off. At about 8 pm, the Chinese launched an attack in huge numbers. The Australian units were well dug in, using the Chinese own trench positions, and responded to the waves of Chinese troops with machine gun fire. Chinese troops fell in their hundreds. South Korean porters moved forward constantly, bringing supplies and taking away wounded.

By 5 November, after the Australians were withdrawn to recover, Maryang San had been recaptured by the Chinese. It was a terrible blow to morale for those who had fought long and hard to capture it. The tactically important ground of Maryang San remained in the hands of Chinese forces for the rest of the war.

## References 
## Further reading 
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Dependent and independent variables

In an experiment, the parts being studied can be classed as either **dependent** or **independent variables**. The *dependent* variable is the possible outcome of the experiment; the . It  on what happens to other variables in the experiment. The dependent variable is basically the part that you are changing. For example, if you want to know how much light a plant needs to grow, the amount of growth is the dependent. If you wanted to see if a plant would grow better in hot or cold areas your independent variable would be the temperature of the air.

The *independent* variable is the variable that you have control over, what you can choose and manipulate. It is usually what you think will affect the dependent variable. In some cases, you may not be able to manipulate the independent variable. It may be something that is already there and is fixed, something you would like to evaluate with respect to how it affects something else, the independent variable like color, kind, time. As an example, you are interested in how stress affects heart rate in humans. Your independent variable would be the stress and the dependent variable would be the heart rate. You can directly manipulate stress levels in your human subjects and measure how those stress levels change heart rate.

## Mathematics
In mathematics, the dependent variable changes with the independent variable, hence the name (it depends on the independent variable).

In calculus, a function is a map whose action is specified on variables. Take *x* and *y* to be two variables. A function *f* may map *x* to some expression in *x*. Assigning gives a relation between *y* and *x*. If there is some relation specifying *y* in terms of *x*, then y is known as a dependent variable (and *x* is an independent variable).
A dependent variable is also known as a "response variable", "regressand", "measured variable", "responding variable", "explained variable", "outcome variable", "experimental variable", and "output variable".
 
If the independent variable is referred to as an "explanatory variable" then the term "response variable" is preferred by some authors for the dependent variable.
Ferdinand I of Bulgaria

**Ferdinand I of Bulgaria** (Bulgarian : Фердинанд I Български ; born : 26 February 1861 : Vienna,Austria died : 10 September 1948 : Coburg,Bavaria,Germany) was a Bulgarian monarch and Tsar of Bulgaria,born in the Austrian Empire in 1861 . He was Prince Of Bulgaria from 1887-1908 and Tsar Of Bulgaria and reigned from 1908 until 1918 when he was replaced by Boris III Of Bulgaria (1894-1943) his son . Under his rule Bulgaria joined the Central Powers during World War I in 1915 after the First Balkan War 1912-1913 and the Second Balkan War Of 1913 before WW1 . He joined Central Power along the side with Kaiser Wilhelm II (Kaiser Of Germany),Franz Joseph I (Kaiser Of Austria)and ,Charles I or Karl I, and Mehmed V (Sultan of Turkey) until there defeat in 1918 and he was exiled and lived in Weimar Germany from 1918-1933 and Nazi Germany from 1933-1945,until his death in 1948 in Occupied Germany just 30 year’s after World War 1 and 3 years after World War 2 .

## Biography 
He was born in Vienna as Ferdinand Maximilan Charles Leopold Marie, Duke of Saxony, later becoming Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the son of Augustus of Saxe-Coburg-Kohary (1818–1881) and his wife née Clémentine of Orléans (1817–1907). He was proclaimed prince regnant of Bulgaria on 25 June 1887 (O.S.)/7 July 1887 (N.S.).

On 20 April 1893 at the Villa Pianore in Luccia in Italy, he married Maria Luisa Pia Teresa Anna Ferdinanda Francesca Antonietta Margherita Giuseppina Carolina Bianca Lucia Appollonia, Princess of Bourbon-Parma, daughter of Roberto I of Parma. He was also thought to be bisexual, even after marrying his first wife.

They had four children, Boris III (born : 1894 : Varna Palace ,Sofia,Bulgaria–died : 28 August 1943 : Sofia, Bulgaria), Kyril (1895–1945), Eudoxia (1898–1985), Nadejda (1899–1958) and Maria Luisa died in 1899. On 28 February 1908 in Coburg Ferdinand married his second wife, Eleonore Caroline Gasparine Louise, Princess Reuss-Köstritz (1860-1917), daughter of Heinrich IV Reuss von Köstritz (1821–1894) and née Luise Caroline Reuss zu Greiz (1822–1875).

Ferdinand became king of Bulgaria after it became independent on 22 September 1908 (O.S.)/5 September 1908 (N.S.). He abdicated on 3 October 1918.

He died in Burglassschloßen in Coburg, and is buried in St. Augustin's Catholic Church.

## References
## Further reading 
*
**Böttcher, Hans-Joachim: Ferdinand von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha 1861 - 1948  -  Ein Kosmopolit auf dem bulgarischen Thron.* Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-89998-296-1.
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## Other websites 
* 
* Historical photographs of the royal palace in Sofia
Fugacity

In thermodynamics, the **fugacity** is a state function of any  system. The fugacity, which has units of pressure, represents the  of a fluid to escape or expand . For gases at low pressures where the ideal gas law holds, fugacity is equal to pressure. The ratio  \phi = f/P \, between fugacity f\, and pressure P\, is called the **fugacity coefficient**; therefore,  \phi = 1 \, for an ideal gas.

The fugacity  f\, is defined at fixed temperature  T\, by the following differential relation:

: d \ln f = {dG \over RT} = {{V dP} \over RT} \,

where G\, is the Gibbs free energy, R\, is the molar gas constant, and V\, is the fluid's volume.  For any two  physical states, represented by subscripts 1 and 2, the ratio of the two fugacities is as follows:

: f_2 / f_1 = exp \left ({1 \over RT} \int_{G_1}^{G_2} dG \right) = exp \left ({1 \over RT} \int_{P_1}^{P_2} V\,dP \right) \,
Fernanda Brandão

**Fernanda Brandão Gonçalves da Silva** (born 3 May 1983) is a Brazil singer and dancer. She was famous under her stage name **Laava**, with Latin pop trio, .

## Career 
In 2002, Fernanda released her single Wherever You Are (I Feel Love). Although her music originates from Germany, Brandao considers herself Brazilian. Born on March 5, 1983 in Belo horizons (Minas Gerais) she grew up it in Rio de Janeiro. Already at the age of 4, Fernanda danced with the Karneval in Rio and recorded samba folklore songs. She came from a musical family. Her mother produced some successful Brazilian pop songs and her aunt and uncle are well-known singers in Brazil. Fernanda spent much of her childhood time in studios.

When Fernanda was nine years old, her mother fell in love with a German man and they moved to Hamburg. She commutes back and forth between Brazil and Germany to dance. She also took up jazz, modern Dance, hip-hop, ballet, as well as vocal lessons in Germany. Fernanda trained physically, following styles such as box CUT, Tae Bo, BBP and crew class and became a licensed fitness trainer. Fernanda speaks four languages (Portuguese, Spanish, German and English). In 2001, she quit school, in order to give her all in recording music. Fernanda is currently in the band Hot Banditoz. 

She had been in many music videos as a back-up dancer for major international artistes including Enrique Iglesias, Kylie Minogue, Pink, Shaggy, Coolio, Gabriella Cilmi, Safri Duo and rock group Seed.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Philo T. Farnsworth

**Philo Taylor Farnsworth** (August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an American inventor. He was from Beaver, Utah and grew up in Idaho. He was a Mormon and went to college at Brigham Young University. 

He is one of several people who can claim to have invented television. He invented the picture tube and built the first all-electric TV set. He had built his first prototype in 1927, and presented it in 1928. For the next few years, Farnsworth fought a battle with RCA over his patents. By 1936, he was filming television programs. He did a lot of research in nuclear fusion. He also invented the modern method of air-traffic control.

A statue of Farnsworth represents Utah in the United States Capitol.

## References
Luigi Bruins

**Luigi Bruins** (born 9 March 1987) is a football manager and a retired Dutch professional footballer.

Bruins was born in Rotterdam and is of Italian descent.

## Career
### Club
He started playing football at the age of six with Excelsior Rotterdam. He ran through all youth teams of this club. Bruins made his professional debut for Excelsior in the season 2004–05. On January 28, 2005, Bruins came in for Santi Kolk in the 78th minute of the Eerste Divisie away match against FC Eindhoven (3-0). This was the only match in his first season. The next season he had his breakthrough. Bruins scored his first professional goal in the season opening away match against Cambuur Leeuwarden (0–1) on August 12, 2005. With Excelsior he became champion in the Dutch  Eerste Divisie  in the 2005–06 season.

After the promotion the team stayed in the Eredivisie. Bruins made his Eredivisie debut on August 19, 2006, in the home match against Roda JC (0–1) and scored his first Eredivisie goals on September 9, 2006 against  SC Heerenveen (3–1). In 2007 he signed with Feyenoord Rotterdam. In his first season he played 27 matches and scored six goals.

In the next season he was often injured so he lost his place in the first squad. After the end of his contract he signed in October 2011 with FC Red Bull Salzburg. He played his first match for his new team on 15 October 2011 versus Wacker Innsbruck, where he came on in the second half.

### International
Bruins was part of the Netherlands U21 winning the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. In the final match he scored the last goal in the 4-1 victory over SerbiaU-21.

## Career statistics
## References
Institution of Electrical Engineers

The **Institution of Electrical Engineers** (**I.E.E.**, pronounced *I-double-E* or *I-E-E*) was a British professional organisation of electronics, electrical, manufacturing, and Information Technology professionals. It focused on electrical engineers. The I.E.E. was founded in 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers. It changed its name in 1880 to the Society of Telegraph Engineers and Electricians. The name changed again to the Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1889. It was Incorporated by a Royal Charter in 1921. In 2006, the I.E.E. merged with the Institution of Incorporated Engineers (I.I.E.) to form the Institution of Engineering and Technology (I.E.T.). Before the merger, the I.E.E. was the largest professional engineering society in Europe, with a worldwide membership of around 120,000.
## Other websites
*Institution of Engineering and Technology
*Engineering Council UK
*IET Digital Library 
*IET Publishing
Participle

In linguistics, a **participle** is a word that shares some characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. Examples of participle formation are:

As noun-modifiers, participles usually precede the noun (like adjectives), but in many cases they can or must follow it:
**The **visiting** dignitaries devoured the **baked** apples.*
**Please bring all the documents **required**.* (= *Please bring all the documents **that are required***.)
**The difficulties **encountered** were nearly insurmountable.* (= *The difficulties **that were encountered** were nearly insurmountable.*)

## Present participles 
The present participle in English has the same form as the gerund, but the gerund acts as a noun rather than a verb or a modifier. The word *sleeping* in *Your job description does not include **sleeping*** is a gerund and not a present participle.

While English past participles, like past tense forms, are sometimes irregular, all English present participles are regular, being formed with the suffix *-ing*.
The present participle in English is in the active voice and is used for: 
*forming the progressive aspect: *Jim was **sleeping**.*
*modifying a noun as an adjective: *Let **sleeping** dogs lie.* (= *Let dogs **that are sleeping** lie.*)
*modifying a verb or sentence in clauses: *Broadly **speaking**, the project was successful.*

## Past participles 
The past participle may be used in both active and passive voices:
*forming the perfect: *The chicken has **eaten**.*
*forming the passive voice: *The chicken was **eaten**.*
*modifying a noun, with active sense: *our **fallen** comrades* (= *our comrades **who have fallen***)
*modifying a noun, with passive sense: *the **attached** files* (= *the files **that have been attached***)
*modifying a verb or sentence, with passive sense: ***Seen** from this perspective, the problem presents no easy solution.* (= ***When it is seen** from this perspective,....*)

### Passive participles 
Passive participles reflect past action in the passive voice, for example
**The dog, having been **praised** by its master, was happy*, or more commonly, *The dog, **praised** by its master, was happy*.

Even irregular past participle verbs often follow the format *-en* or *-ne*, as may be seen from above.  For examples:

## References
Marojejy National Park

**Marojejy National Park** is a national Park of Madagascar in northeastern Madagascar.

## Wildlife 
 can be found in Marojejy National Park.]]
Thus, abundant forest habitats Marojejy host a great diversity of life often original. This is confirmed by surveys of some groups of animals. For example:
* More species of birds are found only forest Marojejy but in no other place in Madagascar mountain. 118 species of birds have been recorded in or around the park, of which 75 are forest (almost forest-dependent ). Each of these 75 species are endemic to the region of Madagascar.

* Eleven species of lemurs have been recorded so far in Marojejy. Some are endangered, mostly due to habitat loss. One of the most serious threat is the silky sifaka ( Propithecus candidus candidus ), a member of the family indris . This beautiful lemur with a silky white fur, is known only in the forests of this region.

* 147 species of reptiles and amphibians have been recorded so far in Marojejy. This represents over a quarter of all species currently known in Madagascar is the greatest diversity of reptiles and amphibians known to all protected areas in Madagascar. Seventeen of these species are endemic to Marojejy.

## Camps 
Three camps located at different altitudes allow visitors to sleep in the forest. Bungalows made of wood and tarpaulin, shelter meals, a kitchenette with the availability of coal and stove and a toilet and a shower.
* Mantella camp ( 475 m ) altitude
* Marojejia camp ( 775 m ) altitude
* Simpona camp ( 1275 m ) altitude

## Illegal logging 
It was estimated that between 23 325 and 46 650 trees of Rosewood were gunned down illegally in national parks Marojejy and Masoala for 2009. The year 2010 was marked by the intensification of cuts but rather in the Masoala National Park and the Makira Protected Area.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Friends of Marojejy National Park – Information, photos, maps, brochures, and species lists
* Silky Sifaka Conservation in Marojejy 
*Trouble in Lemur Land – a professional 50 minute HD film about illegal rosewood logging in Madagascar and the impact on the silky sifaka lemur
* Angels of the Forest Marojejy Film
* Dan Rather Reports Marojejy Documentary
* Carte Blanche Marojejy Documentary Part 1 
* Carte Blanche Marojejy Documentary Part 2
Diary of a Mad Black Woman

***Diary of a Mad Black Woman*** is a 2005 movie. It was based on a play written by Tyler Perry. The movie starred Kimberly Elise, Shemar Moore, Cicely Tyson, Steve Harris, and Tyler Perry. The movie was directed by Darren Grant. It was released in the US on February 25, 2005. The movie became the top-grossing film in the United States in mid-March of 2005.

## Plot 
Kimberly Elise portrays Helen McCarter, a depressed woman living in Atlanta with her husband Charles (Steve Harris). When Charles decides he wants to marry his "other woman" Brenda, he literally drags Helen out the door. With no place to go, Helen goes to live with her grandmother Mabel "Madea" Simmons (Tyler Perry) in the ghetto. Madea assists Helen in getting her life back under control with the help of Helen's mother Myrtle Jean (Cicely Tyson), Madea's brother Joe (Tyler Perry), and Brian (Tyler Perry), her attorney relative.

## Cast 
* Tyler Perry as Madea Simmons / Joe Baker / Brian Baker
* Kimberly Elise as Helen Simmons-McCarter
* Gary Anthony Sturgis as Jamison Milton Jackson
* Steve Harris as Charles McCarter
* Shemar Moore as Orlando
* Cicely Tyson as Myrtle Jean-Simmons
* Lisa Marcos as Brenda
* Tamara Taylor as Debrah Baker
* Tiffany Evans as Tiffany Baker
* Tamela Mann (**cameo**) as Cora Simmons
* Judge Mablean Ephriam (**cameo**) as herself

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
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* 
* 
*
Northern cricket frog

The **northern cricket frog** (*Acris crepitans*) is a species of small Hylid frogs. They live in Canada, the United States and northeastern Mexico. Northern cricket frogs are small frogs, between 0.75 and 1.5 inches (19–38 mm) long.  They have pink color on their throats. They eat crickets and small insects. They usually lay eggs in April through May. Tadpoles hatch within a few days.
## References 
## Other websites
*Animal Diversity Web: *Acris crepitans*
*USGS: Northern Cricket Frog
*Frogs & Toads of Georgia: *Acris crepitans crepitans*
Ted Williams

**Theodore Samuel "Ted" Williams** (born **Teddy Samuel**; August 30, 1918 - July 5, 2002) was an American professional baseball player for the Boston Red Sox. He was the last player in Major League Baseball to go past a batting average of .400 (40%) in a single season. Williams was born in San Diego, California.

Williams died on July 5, 2002 from cardiac arrest in Inverness, Florida, aged 83. His head is cryogenically frozen.

## References
Empress Suiko

(554–628) was the 33rd Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Her  started in 593 and ended in 628.  Historians consider details about the life of Empress Suiko to be  legendary, but . The name Suiko*-tennō* was  for her posthumously by later generations.

The  accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be  as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

In the history of Japan, Suiko was the first of eight women to be empress. The seven others were: (a) Kōgyoku/Saimei, (b) Jitō, (c) Gemmei, (d) Genshō, (e) Kōken/Shōtoku, (f) Meishō, and (g) Go-Sakuramachi.

## Traditional history
Suiko was the third daughter of Emperor Kimmei. She was the half-sister of Emperor Yōmei and Emperor Sushun.

Suiko was also a wife of Emperor Bidatsu.

## Events of Suiko's life
When Suiko became empress, she ended a power struggle for the throne after the deaths of emperors who were her brothers.

* **593 **: In the 2nd year of Emperor Sushun's reign, he died.  The next monarch  was his half-sister who became known as Empress Suiko.  This succession was  in ceremonies.

Prince Shōtoku was the most important man in Suko's court.

In 599, an earthquake destroyed buildings in Yamato province which is now known as Nara Prefecture.

The reign of this empress was marked by the opening of relations with the Sui court in 600.

The use of the Sexegenary cycle calendar (*Jikkan Jūnishi*) in Japan is credited to Empress Suiko in 604.

* **604**:  In the 12 year of Suiko's reign (the Suiko period), Japan organized its earliest Imperial calendar.

Suiko ruled for 35 years. She abdicated in 628.

### After her death 
Suiko died in 628.

The actual site of Suiko's grave is known.

## Related pages
* Emperor of Japan
* List of emperors of Japan
* Japanese imperial family tree
* Suiko seamount
* Japanese empresses

## References
 symbol of the Japanese emperor and his family.]]

## Other websites
Berkshire Hathaway

**Berkshire Hathaway** is an investment company mostly owned and controlled by Warren Buffett.  It owns many different companies.  It owns several companies completely, and holds large portions of other companies.  It has 27,000 shareholders, and Bill Gates is one of the company's directors.

It takes its name from a textile mill that was started in 1839, bought by Buffett in 1964, and closed in 1985.

Since Berkshire Hathaway's stock has gained a lot of value and never split, a single share of "A stock" is now worth over $400,000.  Because of this, there is a "B" stock that sells for a small fraction of the "A stock".

## Companies Berkshire Hathaway owns completely
(*partial list*)
*Ben Bridge Jewelers (jewelers, since 2000)
*Benjamin Moore (paint, since 2000)
*Burlington Northern Santa Fe (railroads, since 2009)
*Clayton Homes (building, since 2003)
*Dairy Queen (ice cream retail, since 1997)
*Fruit of the Loom (underwear, since 2002)
*GEICO (insurance, since 1996)
*General Re (insurance, since 1998)
*Russell Brands (sportswear, since 2006)
*See's Candies (chocolate)
  
## Companies Berkshire Hathaway owns big portion of
*American Express Co. (banking, 12.6%)
*Bank of America
*BYD (Chinese automotives, 9.9%)
*Coca-Cola Company (soft drinks, 8.6%)
*ConocoPhillips (5.6%)
*Costco
*General Electric
*Goldman Sachs
*Home Depot
*Kraft Foods (food, 5.6%)
*MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (energy, 83.7%)
*Moody's (banking, 12.5%)
*M&T Bank (banking, 15.9%)
*Procter & Gamble (3.3%)
*Union Pacific Railroad
*Washington Post (publishing, 18.1%)
*Wells Fargo (banking, 19.0%)
Valcour Bay

**Valcour Bay** is a strait between the New York mainland and Valcour Island. It is four miles south from Plattsburgh, New York. The bay was where the Battle of Valcour Island had happened during the American Revolutionary War. On October 11, 1776, the presence of an American fleet on the west shore of Lake Champlain, at Valcour Bay, hampered the British and allowed an American victory at Saratoga a year later, a turning point in the Revolutionary War. In 1961 Valcour Bay was declared a National Historic Landmark.

## References
Valcour Island

**Valcour Island** lies in Lake Champlain, forming a strait against the New York mainland.  On October 11, 1776, a naval battle known as the Battle of Valcour Island was fought in that strait between British and United States naval forces.

## Other websites 
* Valcour Island information 
* Battle of Valcour Island
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester

Sir **Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester** (1724-1808) was a British soldier and Governor of Canada. Colonel Carleton was a part of James Wolfe's attack on Quebec City during the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. General Carleton repelled the American attack on Quebec in 1775. He was governor of Canada twice, 1768-1778 and 1785-1795.

## References 
## Further reading 
*Reynolds, Paul R., *Guy Carleton, A Biography*, 1980, 
*Billias, George Athan,Editor, ''George Washington's Opponents*, William Marrow and Company, Inc., New York, 1969, 103–135.
*Nelson, Paul David. *General Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester: Soldier-Statesman of Early British Canada*. Associated University Presses, 2000.
* Wrong, George M. *Canada and the American Revolution*. New York, 1968.

## Other websites 
*Biography at the *Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''
*StSwithuns Church, Nately Scures, England - Showing memorial for Guy Carleton, Gobernador de Quebec y Thomas Carleton Gobernador de New Brunswick
Bleeding Love

"**Bleeding Love**" is a song by Leona Lewis. It was released as her official second single on 15 September 2007 from her first album *Spirit*. 

"Bleeding Love" is said to be like a classic Prince record, or Whitney Houston's "My Love Is Your Love".

## Certifications 
## References
TBS (American TV channel)

**TBS** (Turner Broadcasting System) is an American cable TV network that shows sports and variety programming. TBS is well known for its broadcasts of the Atlanta Braves Major League Baseball team and various National Basketball Association games. TBS also shows reruns of popular network television shows from the past.

## Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists library
During the 1980s, WTBS focused heavily on movies – running two films during the day, and a movie-exclusive schedule during the nighttime hours after 8:00&nbsp;p.m., with the exception of sports events. At other times, WTBS continued to run mostly classic sitcoms, and vintage cartoons. In 1986, when Ted Turner purchased Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists (which he would sell back to previous owner Kirk Kerkorian that October due to debt incurred by the Turner Broadcasting System from its purchase of the film studio), WTBS gained the rights to the entire MGM film library (including certain acquisitions by MGM). This gave WTBS the rights to air many theatrical cartoon shorts such as *Tom & Jerry*, *Barney Bear*, *Tex Avery*, and *The Pink Panther*, as well as shows like ''Gilligan's Island* and *CHiPs*.

Along with *Tom & Jerry*, WTBS began to run *The Little Rascals*, *Looney Tunes*/*Merrie Melodies* cartoons released prior to August 1948, theatrical *Popeye* cartoon shorts, and *Three Stooges* shorts under the banner *Tom & Jerry and Friends* running for either one hour or 90 minutes during the morning hours and for an hour in the afternoon from 1986 until the mid-1990s. In the late 1980s, WTBS decreased the number of movies broadcast during the day slightly and began to add sitcoms from the 1970s (such as *Happy Days*, *The Jeffersons*, *Good Times* and *One Day at a Time*) to the evening lineup; *Little House on the Prairie* aired during the late mornings continuously from 1986 to 2003.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official Site of TBS
*Official Site of Turner Broadcasting 
*Clips of *17 Update Early in the Morning'' maintained by former anchor Bill Tush 
*http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?date=12/11/08&id=20081211turner01
Good Luck Charlie

***Good Luck Charlie*** is an American sitcom. It was created by Phil Baker and Drew Vaupen. They wanted to create a program that would appeal to entire families, not just children. Production began in August 2009. The show premiered on Disney Channel in the United States on April 4, 2010. It premiered in Canada on April 5, 2010. It premiered in the United Kingdom and Ireland on May 14, 2010. It premiered in Colorado america on July 23, 2010. In March 2011, a feature-length Christmas Disney Channel Original Movie based on the series, entitled ''Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas!'', began production for a December 2011 premiere. In June 2013, Disney Channel announced that the series would end its run after four seasons. The finale aired on February 16, 2014, with a one-hour episode.

## Plot
The show is about the Duncan family, which is made up of Teddy, PJ, Gabe, Bob, Amy and Charlie Duncan. In each episode, Teddy records a video diary about her everyday life; it also gives advice to Charlie for when she grows up. At the end of the diary Teddy states the show's name (*Good Luck Charlie*) after a problem or situation happens or is solved. However, the original idea of "Good Luck Charlie" was "Love Teddy".

## Cast
* Bridgit Mendler as Teddy Duncan
* Jason Dolley as PJ Duncan
* Bradley Steven Perry as Gabe Duncan 
* Eric Allan Kramer as Bob Duncan
* Leigh Allyn Baker as Amy Duncan
* Mia Talerico as Charlie Duncan

## International adaptation
An Indian adaptation of the show titled *Best of Luck Nikki*, premiered on Disney Channel India on April 3, 2011. Sheena Bajaj plays Dolly Singh, a character similar to that of Teddy Duncan, Ananya Kolvankar portrays Nikita "Nikki" Singh, a character similar to that of Charlie and Gurdeep Kohli portrays Himani Singh, a character similar to that of Amy. The series ran successfully for 4 seasons, 104 episodes and 3 special episodes and ended on April 16, 2016.

A Pakistani adaptation of the show titled *Peek-A-Boo Shahwaiz* premiered on Play Entertainment from 15 July 2018.

## Awards
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Good Luck Charlie wiki
Killers (1997)

***Killers*** is a 1997 movie directed by David Michael Latt and distributed by The Asylum.

## Actors
*Kim Little: Heather
*Paul Logan: Nicky
*Scott Carson
*Jeff Mills: EMT

## Plot
Some killers want to kill people who have stolen drugs from them.

## Other websites
*
List of frogs and toads in New Jersey

This is a list of frogs and toads that are in the US state of New Jersey. There are 13 frogs and 3 toads. Most of these frogs and toads hibernate during the winter time. They are more active during the late spring, summer and early fall seasons.

## Frogs 
## Toads 
## References
*
Crash Bandicoot (video game)

***Crash Bandicoot*** is a platform game made by Naughty Dog in 1996 for the PlayStation, featuring the character by the same name. In it, Crash must fight Dr. Neo Cortex's  (bosses) in order to save Tawna, his beloved bandicoot girlfriend for revenge on Cortex. The game sold 6.8 million copies, becoming the 8th best-selling PlayStation video games of all time.

## Gameplay
*Crash Bandicoot* has 33 levels. Two of these levels can be activated by collecting a key. Each level has a particular theme. No theme is shared by more than two levels. For example, on two levels, Crash runs toward the camera from a boulder (that is heading towards him), an  to Indiana Jones. On another level, henchmen throw barrels of toxic waste at Crash as he progresses toward the level's goal. There are also unlockable bonus levels by collecting three *Nitrus Brio*, *Dr. Cortex* (only in 2 levels) and *Tawna* icons. These pictures are always in boxes which gives the player a reason to break open boxes since you can't save your progress unless you complete a Tawna bonus round or a Cortex bonus round. You can also save by collecting a gem.

You can also collect gems in Crash Bandicoot. To collect a gem, you must break all the boxes on that level without losing a life. There are several different colored gems in the game. Some levels require that you complete another level before every box on a certain level is revealed. For example, the Jungle Rollers level requires that you collect the green gem from the Lost City level before every box on that level is unmasked.

## Bosses 
The boss levels feature the following characters, in order of appearance:
*Papu Papu
*Ripper Roo
*Koala Kong
*Pinstripe Potoroo
*Dr. Nitrus Brio 
*Dr. Neo Cortex

### Scores
*GameSpot: 6.8 out of 10
*IGN: 7.5 out of 10
**Gaming Target*: 9.3 out of 10
**The Electric Playground*: 8 out of 10
**All Game Guide*: 4 out of 5
**Electronic Gaming Monthly*: 8.3 out of 10

## References 
## Other websites 
*The Official Crash Bandicoot Website
**Crash Bandicoot* on GameFaqs
**Crash Bandicoot* on GameSpot
**Crash Bandicoot* on Crash Mania 
**Crash Bandicoot* on Papu's Planet 
**Crash Bandicoot* on Sagertooth' Game Facts
**Crash Bandicoot* on Pura's Place
*
Battle of Valcour Island

The  **Battle of Valcour Island** took place on October 11, 1776 on Lake Champlain. The battle was also known as the **Battle of Valcour Bay**. The main battle had took place in Valcour Bay, a strait between the New York mainland and Valcour Island. The battle was known as one of the first naval battles of the American Revolutionary War.

On October 11, Arnold took the British vessels to a different location. He had chosen to give the British limited advantages. Many American ships were damaged or destroyed during the battle. Arnold had took the American vessels past the British vessels during that night. He had took them toward Crown Point and Ticonderoga. However, because of dangerous weather, more of the vessels were captured or burned before they had reached Crown Point.  When Arnold had reached Crown Point he had the fort's buildings burned. He then left to Ticonderoga.

Thomas Pringle, James Dacres, Edward Pellew and John Schank, who were officers, had became  in the Royal Navy. Valcour Bay, where the battle had begun, is now a National Historic Landmark. The USS *Philadelphia*, which had sank after the battle on October 11, was risen from the ocean in 1934. USS *Spitfire*, which was located in 1997, is on the National Register of Historic Places.

## References 
;Footnotes

;Citations

## Further reading 
*
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* (This book is primarily about Arnold's service on the American side in the Revolution, giving overviews of the periods before the war and after he changes sides.)
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* This work contains detailed specifications for most of the watercraft used in this action, as well as copies of draft documents for some of them.
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## Other websites 
*Contemporary sketch of Arnold's fleet 
*Other maritime landmarks from the National Park Service
*James P. Millard's detailed historical charts, list of ships, period images, and modern photographs 
**Battle of Valcour Island with pictures 
**The Story of Lake Champlain's Valcour Island 
*Valcour Bay Research Project  of the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum 
*Lake Champlain underwater preserves  including pictures of underwater Revolutionary War artifacts
Indian Camp

"**Indian Camp**" is a short story written by Ernest Hemingway.

## Plot
Nick Adams goes with his father, a doctor, to an Indian camp. A pregnant woman is having difficulty giving birth. The baby is found to be backwards in the womb, and Dr. Adams is forced to perform a Caesarean operation. After the procedure is successful, Nick's father looks on the top bunk of the bed to see if the woman's husband was okay.  The man had committed suicide with a razor during the labor. 

This is the first Nick Adams story and shows the  of the father/son relationship between Nick and Dr. Adams.

## Further reading 
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Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants)

"**Help Wanted**" is the pilot episode of SpongeBob SquarePants. It is the first episode of the first season. It first aired on May 1, 1999.

The episode received positive reviews from critics and audiences alike.

## Plot 
SpongeBob gets ready to apply for a job at the Krusty Krab. He is encouraged by his best friend, a starfish named Patrick. When he arrives, he asks a crab named Mr. Krabs to start working. SpongeBob's neighbor, an octopus named Squidward, does not want SpongeBob to get a job. Mr. Krabs agrees to hire him if he gets a special spatula. As SpongeBob looks for it, a lot of anchovies appear at the Krusty Krab. SpongeBob returns with his spatula and cooks hamburgers for them. He is then hired by Mr. Krabs.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Christmas Who?

"**Christmas Who?**" (also known as "**The SpongeBob Christmas Special**") is the 28th episode of the second season of *SpongeBob SquarePants*. The special received positive feedback. A reviewer on Reviewstream.com calls it "a great story of the holiday spirit". The special currently ranks a high 9.1 out of 10 on TV.com.

## Plot
SpongeBob is sneaking up to Sandy's tree dome to perform his new karate move, and sees Sandy lighting up her tree to look like a Christmas tree. SpongeBob, mistaking the lights for fire, freaks out and runs in and splashes water on Sandy. Sandy realizes that SpongeBob never seen a Christmas tree before, and does not know what the holiday is. While learning of the holiday and its activities, SpongeBob begins to spread the joy throughout the city of Bikini Bottom. He tells everyone that Santa Claus will give you presents if you write him letters.

While everyone decorates and writes letters to Santa, Squidward refuses to believe in Santa and all the Christmas cheer. On Christmas Eve, everyone waits outside singing for Santa, while Squidward goes to sleep. The next morning, it turns out Santa never came, and soon, everyone becomes angry with SpongeBob. After everyone has left, SpongeBob becomes heartbroken. His pain is only made worse when Squidward comes out and makes fun of him. SpongeBob gives Squidward a present that he would have given him so he would not feel left out if Santa came. Squidward unwraps the present to find a carved wooden clarinet, hand-made by SpongeBob. He becomes very happy, and becomes regretful of his actions. 

When SpongeBob begins taking the lights off of his home, Squidward soon appears dressed as Santa Claus. Santa informs SpongeBob that he brought the holiday to Bikini Bottom by just spreading the word, which makes SpongeBob faint. Squidward gives all the fish his belongings to make SpongeBob and the people happy.

When it is all over, Squidward has nothing left and takes off the suit. SpongeBob then tells him everything he missed. That is when Squidward finds a note at his doorstep from Santa. Squidward then looks up to see the real Santa in his sleigh flying out of Bikini Bottom, laughing with joy. 

## References 
## Other websites 
*