open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Soft drink

]]
**Soft drinks** (also known as **pop**, **soda**, **tonic**, **soda pop**, **fizzy drinks**, or **minerals**) are "fizzy" drinks made from concentrates and sugar. When they are made, carbon dioxide gas is added which makes them "fizzy". This process is called carbonation. Some soft drinks have flavors. Some popular types of soda are Sprite, Mountain Dew, 7 Up, Pepsi, Dr Pepper and Coca-Cola. Most soft drinks are sweetened with sugar. That is what makes them so unhealthy.

## References
Darth Revan

**Darth Revan** is a fictional character from the *Star Wars* universe and Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic.

Revan was a Jedi Knight and general who turned to the dark side with his padawan Darth Malak in the Mandalorian Wars. After the death of Mandalore the Ultimate, Revan claimed the title of "Dark Lord of the Sith". He then founded a powerful new Sith Empire, and declared war on the Republic and the Jedi themselves. After defeating almost all of the Republic territories, Revan was captured by the Jedi due to the betrayal of his apprentice Darth Malak. He almost died (a small spark of the Force kept him alive) and was brought to the Council to have his mind replaced by a new identity that was loyal to the Republic. Even after discovering his former identity, he rejected the dark side. Revan ended the war he had begun by killing Malak. After the Jedi Civil War, Revan was given back his rank as Jedi Knight at age 26. He used two lightsabers one purple and one red this symbolised that he was equal in the force but still was tilted to the dark side. 

He was the lover of Bastila Shan. A year later, all his memories returned. He later left to the Unknown Regions to face this new threat known as the "True Sith".

## References
Rondônia

**Rondônia** is a state in Brazil. It is in the northwest of the country. To the west is the state of Acre. To the north is the state of Amazonas. In the east is Mato Grosso. In the south is Bolivia. Its capital is Porto Velho. The state was named after Candido Rondon.

Other cities include:
* Ji-Paraná
* Ariquemes
* Vilhena
* Cacoal

## Geography 
The state is covered mostly by jungle of the Amazon Rainforest. About three-fifths of the state has had the jungle removed since the 1970s. Most of the people living in the state now live in urban areas. It is a big exporter of wood. The state also makes both coffee and cocoa. The breeding of cattle is also important here.

## Flag 
The flag was made by Silvio Carvalho Feitosa. It was made the flag of the state on December 22, 1981. The flag uses the same colors of the flag of Brazil. The big star in the middle of the flag is a symbol for the new state. The star is shown rising into the blue sky that is stretching over Brazil (the yellow and green areas in the lower half of the flag).

## Tribes 
The **Akuntsu** tribe is one of the tribes of Rondônia. They are one of the indigenous peoples of Brazil. They were first contacted in only 1995. At that time, there were only seven people in the tribe. As of 2006, there were six people. They live in the Igarape Omere region to the southwest of Rondônia. The tribe consists of chief Kunibu Baba (male, age: ~ 70), Pupak (male, age: ~ 40), Ururu (female, age:~80) and three women with ages from 23 to 35. The seventh member of the tribe died in 1995. The only child born after that died in 2000 in a storm. With his death the only hope of the tribe not becoming extinct lessened.

## Notes 
## Other websites 
* Rondonia Web
Redhead

**Redhead** is a person with red or reddish-tinted hair. Approximately 1 to 2% of the world's population has red hair.

In Iceland people that have red hair are called Anton Einar or short name for it lúði and came from the Greek gods, Zues and Hades.

Red hair is made by genes. The gene for red hair is recessive, meaning to be weaker than other genes, like the brown hair gene, for example. Because of this, in order to have natural red hair a person needs to have red-haired ancestors present on both the maternal (mother's) and paternal (father's) side of the family.

Red hair is said to be most common close to the Northern European coasts and islands of the Atlantic Ocean, like British Isles, and in particular among Celtic people.

In Ireland, the percentage of population with red hair is very high relative to the rest of the world at around 10%, with 46% carrying the gene. Parts of the United Kingdom such as Scotland also have very high percentages with around 6%. There was a misconception that red hair occurrence in Scotland ran at around 13%, due to this figure appearing in reliable media sources, however this figure was only an estimate and has since been disproved by research. Dr. Jim Wilson of Britain's DNA has carried out the only large scale genetic study of Red Hair using a sample of over 2,343 people; and has found red hair occurrence of 6% in Scotland, this is concurrent with the largest ever study of hair colour in Scotland which analysed over half a million people and found red hair prevalence of 5.3%. A 1956 study of hair color among British army recruits also found high levels of red hair in Wales and the English Border counties.

Depite all this, the US has the largest number of redheads living there in the world (up to 18 million compared to 650,000 redheads living in Scotland).

In some countries, particularly the British Isles, despite the high proportion of redheads there, redheads are sometimes given rude names such as "carrot-top" and "ginga", and are in some cases heavily ridiculed (made fun of) by their peers. In some extreme cases, people have been harassed (others have behaved threateningly towards them) for having red hair.

## References
John Inman

**Frederick John Inman** (28 June 1935 – 8 March 2007) was an English actor. He is best known for his role as Mr Humphries in the 1970s/early 1980s BBC comedy series, *Are You Being Served?*.

## Other websites 
*
Edward Abbey

**Edward Paul Abbey** (January 29, 1927 – March 14, 1989) was an American nature writer. He is known for books including Desert Solitaire, Black Sun, The Journey Home, The Fool's Progress, and Hayduke Lives.

## Early life and education 
He was born in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States in 1927. He grew up in Pennsylvania, in a small town in the mountains near the city of Pittsburgh. He later moved to the American Southwest and wrote several books. He spent most of his adult life in the states of New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah. Most of his books are about the Southwest.

During World War II, he was in high school. He took a trip hitchhiking to see the American West. During his trip through Arizona and New Mexico, he fell in love with the Southwest. He enlisted near the end of World War II and was stationed in Italy as a military policeman. When he came back to the United States, he moved to New Mexico and got a college degree. Then he started writing books.

## Writing works 
Abbey's first book was titled *Jonathan Troy*. It did not sell well and Abbey did not like it very much, and it was taken out of print. His second book was *The Brave Cowboy*. This book sold better and made him known as a writer of western fiction. It was also made into a movie called *Lonely are the Brave*. *Fire on the Mountain* was his third book. *The Brave Cowboy* and *Fire on the Mountain* are about cowboys who loved the old American West and did not like it becoming modernized.

He moved to New Jersey for a short time but did not like it, and moved back to the Southwest. He took a job as a park ranger in Utah. He wrote about his job as a park ranger in his fourth book, *Desert Solitaire*. *Desert Solitaire* became a bestseller and made him a popular nature writer. He also took other jobs in the Southwest. He worked as a fire lookout at the Grand Canyon in Arizona, and as a park ranger in other National Parks.

After *Desert Solitaire* became a bestseller, he wrote several books of nature essays. Some of these include *The Journey Home*, ''Abbey's Road*, *Down the River*, *Beyond the Wall*, and *One Life At a Time, Please*. He also kept writing novels. His next novel was *Black Sun*, which is about a fire lookout at the Grand Canyon falling in love but then seeing his girlfriend disappear. His next novel after that was *The Monkey Wrench Gang*. This was his most  novel because it was about four people using sabotage to stop development in the Southwest. He also wrote a science fiction novel called *Good News*.

His last two novels were *The Fool's Progress* and *Hayduke Lives*. *The Fool's Progress'' is a long novel that is based on Edward Abbey's own life. *Hayduke Lives* is a sequel to *The Monkey Wrench Gang*.

Abbey died in 1989 and was buried in the desert in Arizona.

## Other websites 
* Encyclopaedia Britannica, Edward Abbey
* Pennsylvania state historical marker for Abbey at Home
The 4400

***The 4400*** was a science fiction television series. The series ran from 2004 to 2007.

## The story 
"The 4400" is a reference to 4400 people who disappeared  over the last century. These people all returned near Seattle, Washington at the same time from a large ball of light. They had not gotten older. After a short time, each person that came back started showing some special abilities, for example: healing, precognition (seeing the future), and persuasion.

## Characters 
* Tom Baldwin — Joel Gretsch
* Diana Skouris — Jacqueline McKenzie
* Richard Tyler — Mahershalalhashbaz Ali
* Lily Moore Tyler — Laura Allen
* Shawn Farrell — Patrick Flueger
* Isabelle Tyler — Megalyn Echikunwoke
* Maia Skouris — Conchita Campbell
* Nina Jarvis — Samantha Ferris
* Alana Mareva — Karina Lombard
* Dennis Ryland — Peter Coyote
* Jordan Collier — Billy Campbell

; Recurring
* Kyle Baldwin — Chad Faust
* Danny Farrell — Kaj-Erik Eriksen
* Nikki Hudson — Brooke Nevin
* April Skouris — Natasha Gregson Wagner
* Kevin Burkhoff — Jeffrey Combs
* Matthew Ross — Garret Dillahunt
* Marco Pacella — Richard Kahan
* Tess Doerner - Summer Glau
Sampling

**Sampling** could mean:

*Sampling (signal processing), changing a continuous signal into a discrete signal
*Sampling (music), re-using parts of sound recordings in a piece of music
*Sample (statistics), selection of observations to get some knowledge of a statistical population
*Sampling (case studies), selection of cases for single or multiple case studies
*Sampling (for testing or analysis), taking a representative portion of a material or product to test (e.g. by phyisical measurements, chemical analysis, microbiological examination), typically for the purposes of identification, quality control, or regulatory assessment 

Specific types of sampling include:
*Chorionic villus sampling, a method of detecting fetal abnormalities
*Food sampling, the process of taking a representative portion of a food for analysis, usually to test for quality, safety or compositional compliance. (Not to be confused with Food, free samples, a method of promoting food items to consumers) 
*Theoretical sampling, the process of selecting comparison cases or sites in qualitative research
*Water sampling, the process of taking a portion of drinking water for analysis, e.g. to check that it complies with relevate water quality standards, or river water to check for pollutants, or bathing water to sheck that it is safe for bathing, or intrusive water in a building to identify its source.
Rio de Janeiro (state)

**Rio de Janeiro** is one of the 26 states of Brazil. Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Rio de Janeiro is in the Southeast Region of Brazil. It shares borders with Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and São Paulo as well as the Atlantic Ocean. Rio de Janeiro has an area of .

The state's largest cities are Rio de Janeiro, Nova Iguaçu, Niterói, Duque de Caxias, São Gonçalo, São João de Meriti, Campos dos Goytacazes, Petrópolis and Volta Redonda. Its main rivers are the Guandu River, the Piraí, the Paraíba do Sul, the Macaé and the Muriaé. Its climate is tropical.

## Geography 
The state is made up of both mountains and plains. It is between the Mantiqueira Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The bays of Guanabara, Sepetiba, and Ilha Grande are on the coastline of Rio de Janeiro.

Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast Region and one of the smallest in Brazil. Its coastline is , the third longest coastline in the country.

## Ethnic groups 
* White - 54.7% (Mostly Portuguese, Italian and German)
* Mixed Race - 33.5% (mainly Mulattos and also some Mestizos)
* Black - 10.6% (Mostly Bantu and Yoruba ancestry)
* Amerindian - 0.3%
* Asian - 0.2%
* Undescribed - 0.7%

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* Official homepage
Bretons

Breton Brother and Sister]]
The **Bretons** are the residents of the region of Brittany in France.  Most trace much of their heritage to white people who settled the area from south western Great Britain in the 4th–6th centuries. The region of Brittany is named after them and many speak *Brezhoneg*, a Brythonic language closely related to Cornish and a bit more distantly to Welsh. The Breton language as such is part of the Insular Celtic language group. In eastern Brittany, a regional ''langue d'oïl'' named Gallo developed; it shares certain points of vocabulary, idiom, and pronunciation with Breton.
Midlands (disambiguation)

There are several regions in the world known as the **Midlands**. These include:

* Midlands, Tasmania, Australia.
* Midlands, England.
* Midlands, South Carolina, United States.
* Natal Midlands, South Africa.
* Midlands, Zimbabwe.
* *Mittelland*, Switzerland, see Swiss plateau.
* Vidzeme, Latvia.
Jaworzno

**Jaworzno** is a city in Poland in Silesian Voivodeship. It has about 96 600 inhabitants and 152,2&nbsp;km².
Toby Keith

**Toby Keith Covel** (July 8, 1961 – February 5, 2024) was an American country music singer-songwriter, record producer and actor.

## Death
In June 2022, Keith announced that he was diagnosed with stomach cancer six months before. He died from the disease on February 5, 2024 in Oklahoma at the age of 62.

## Albums
*1993 - *Toby Keith*
*1994 - *Boomtown
*1996 - *Blue Moon*
*1997 - *Dream Walkin'*
*1999 - *How Do You Like Me Now?!*
*2001 - *Pull My Chain*
*2002 - *Unleashed*
*2003 - *Shock'n Y'all*
*2005 - *Honkytonk University*
*2006 - *White Trash with Money*
*2007 - *Big Dog Daddy*
*2008 - *That Don't Make Me a Bad Guy*
*2009 - *American Ride*
*2010 - *Bullets in the Gun*
*2011 - *Clancy's Tavern*
*2012 - *Hope on the Rocks*
*2013 - *Drinks After Work*
*2015 - *35 MPH Town*

;Christmas albums
* *Christmas to Christmas* (1995)
* *A Classic Christmas'' (2007)

## Related pages
* List of country musicians from Oklahoma

## References
## Other websites
* Toby Keith's official website
Foyle's War

'''''Foyle's War''''' is a British detective drama television show. It started on 27 October 2002 and ended on 18 January 2015. The show is set during and after World War II.

On 12 January 2015, it was announced by ITV that they would not commission any more episodes because of how much production costs and their intention to air original drama commissions. The last episode of the series aired on 18 January 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Music competition

A **music competition** is an event in which people compete for prizes by performing music.  Music competitions can be for solo performers or for small or large groups such as orchestras, bands or choirs.  Some competitions are for young people who are starting to make a professional career in music.  Other music competitions may be for , which means that professional musicians are not allowed to compete. 

The person who decides who is the winner is called the adjudicator.  Some big festivals have a team of several adjudicators who decide together on the winner.

The British and International Federation of Music Festivals organizes music competitions for amateurs in many parts of the British Isles.  Children and adults can take part, competing in classes for music, speech and drama and dance.  Competitions like these are often called "festivals" because the main reason for taking part is to enjoy performing rather than just to win.

There are many big international competitions for some of the most talented musicians from all over the world.  Winning a big competition can help a young musician to start a successful career.  Some people think it can also be a bad thing to win a big competition, especially for musicians who are still very young.  It may make them a star for a short time but they still have to get better and mature as a musician and a person.

Some of the most famous international music competitions are:
*Leeds International Pianoforte Competition held in Leeds, England
*International Tchaikovsky Competition held in Moscow
*BBC Young Musician of the Year held in England.
*Super Girl in China

In popular music one of the great European events is the Eurovision Song Contest.
Lexington, Kentucky

**Lexington** is the 2nd largest city in Kentucky. In 2020, 322,570 people lived there. It is called "the Horse Capital of the World". 

## History
Lexington was first named by a party of Virginians who camped here in June, 1775, after they heard the news about the Battle of Lexington, Massachusetts in April of that year starting the American Revolution against the British government. A fort was begun at the same spot in 1779, and by 1782 there was a town here known as *Lexington, Virginia*. This is because Kentucky was still part of Virginia then, and was not made into a state of its own until 1792. The Fifth Third Bank building located near the city center is a famous local landmark, and is sometimes called ‘The Big Blue Building.’

## References
The Fairly OddParents

***The Fairly OddParents*** is an American animated comedy television series. It was created by Butch Hartman in 2001 for the Nickelodeon cable television network. The show is about a 10-year-old boy named Timmy Turner who has 2 fairy godparents named Cosmo and Wanda. He also has a fairy godbrother named Poof. The fairies have the power to grant wishes to Timmy. When granting his wishes, they must still following "Da Rules", the fairy rule book.

*The Fairly OddParents* was the fourth longest-running Nicktoons series. In 2017, it ended with the half-hour episode "Hare Raiser / The Kale Patch Caper". The series was originally set to continue, but ended with the tenth season. The series was cancelled by Nickelodeon in 2018. A live-action-animation hybrid reboot by Paramount+ and Nickelodeon Productions was announced to be in development in February 2021. The series *The Fairly OddParents: Fairly Odder* premiered on March 31, 2022. and an upcoming untitled computer-animated series by Nickelodeon Animation Studio, this version features an African-American character named Hazel. The show premiered on TeenNick in May 18, 2024! And reaired on March 2025!

## Cast
* 
* Tara Strong as Timmy Turner, Poof
* Daran Norris as Cosmo, Mr. Turner, Jorgen Von Strangle
* Susanne Blakeslee as Wanda, Mrs. Turner
* Grey DeLisle as Vicky, Tootie
* Maddie Taylor as Sparky
* Kari Wahlgren as Chloe Carmichael

Recurring voice actors include Jim Ward, Rob Paulsen, Dee Bradley Baker, Tom Kenny, Eric Bauza, Jason Marsden, Jeff Bennett, Dionne Quan, Gary LeRoi Gray, Kevin Michael Richardson, Frankie Muniz, and Ibrahim Haneef Muhammad.

## Episodes
## TV Movies 
The Fairly OddParents had some Made for TV Movies including Abracatastrophe, Channel Chasers, School’s Out: The Musical, Fairy Idol, A Fairly OddBaby and Wishology. It also had three live action movies with Drake Bell as Timmy Turner.

## References
List of MPs elected in the 2005 United Kingdom general election

This is a list of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons for the Fifty-Fourth Parliament of the United Kingdom at the 2005 general election, held on 5 May 2005. The list is arranged by constituency.

## List of MPs elected in the general election
The following table is a list of MPs elected on 5 May, 2005, ordered by constituency. The previous MP and previous party column shows the MP and party holding the seat at dissolution on April 11, 2005.

Note that most Scottish constituency boundaries were considerably changed from the previous general election, due to a decrease in the number of Scottish seats from 72 to 59. In this case, the previous MPs cannot be shown, and the previous party column shows the *notional* winner of the new seat, based on analysis of the 2001 general election result.

__NOTOC__
Invasion of Poland (1939)

The **invasion of Poland** in 1939 was a military offensive in which Nazi Germany and, two weeks later, the Soviet Union invaded Poland. That was the start of World War II in Europe.

The invasion started on 1 September 1939. The invasion of Poland caused the United Kingdom and France to declare war on Germany on 3 September, but they did little to affect the September Campaign. The fighting ended on 6 October, Germany and the Soviet Union had conquered Poland and divided it according to their Molotov-Ribbentrop pact.

It is often called the first time that blitzkrieg was tried on the battlefield, but similar methods had been used earlier. The German surprise attack was successful and was very effective against the ineffective and demobilized Polish Army, whose tanks and airplanes were few and mostly old. The Poles were outflanked, outmaneuvered, and outnumbered in September 1939 and easily destroyed by the Germans. The Poles, if they had been well prepared, could have had two million soldiers fighting.

In the first few days of the German invasion, Poland proved to be more difficult to invade than the Germans had expected. In the Battle of Mokra, on 2 September, the Poles repulsed an attack by a German Panzer division and forced its retreat. The Luftwaffe, unlike during the Germans' invasions of other countries, did not easily overcome the outnumbered Polish Air Force. However, the Germans' great superiority in numbers made them gain air superiority after five to six days.

Surrounded by German territories north, west, and south of Poland, the Poles had little space for tactical retreat. The Germans reached Warsaw and attacked on 7 September but were repulsed. They had suffered heavy tank losses and so were forced to retreat.

The Battle of Bzura, on 9 September, was the largest attack by the Poles during the war. The Poles had great initial success by decimating two German divisions and taking 3,500 German prisoners. The Polish infantry fought well, but by 19 September, the overwhelming German reinforcements had defeated the Poles.

The Poles realized the British and French were in the Phoney War and had no intention of assisting Poland, and the Soviet Red Army invaded Poland from the east on 17 September. The Polish High Command ordered the troops and equipment to the Romanian Bridgehead to enter Romania with the intention to continue their resistance by moving as much of their army to France as possible. Most of the Polish Navy escaped to Britain. Polish cryptographers who had cracked the German Enigma machine went to France and later to Britain to continue their work.

Polish politicians set up a government-in-exile in France and later escaped to Britain. In 1945, when the Allied armies invaded Germany and forced its surrender, the Polish Army was the fourth-largest Allied army.

## Notes
## References
Winter War

The **Winter War** (30 November 1939 – 13 March 1940) was a conflict fought between the Soviet Union and Finland.  

It began when the Soviet Union invaded Finland soon after the invasion of Poland.  The Soviet military forces expected a victory over Finland in a few weeks because the Soviet Army had many more troops, tanks and planes than the Finnish Army.

However, the Finnish forces resisted better and much longer than expected. They had good winter clothes and wore white coats, which camouflaged them in the snow.  As well, the Finnish soldiers moved around on skis, which made it easy for them to sneak up on the Soviet soldiers.  The Soviets did not have good winter clothes, and they wore dark green coats, which were easy to see in the snow.

The peace treaty that ended the war in March 1940 left the Finns as a free people. They had to give up 11% of their country and tried to get it back during the Continuation War.

## Related pages
*World War II

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
Joiner

:* For "joinery" in North American sense see: Woodworking joints*
.]]
A **joiner** is a person who makes woodwork that is used for buildings. That includes things that are called "Finish carpentry" and "millwork" in the United States. Joiners make and install parts of building, for example doors, windows, stairs, wooden panelling, mouldings, shop cabinets, kitchen cabinets, and other wooden items.  The skills of a joiner are somewhat between a carpenter and a cabinetmaker.

The terms **joinery** and joiner are not used often in the United States any more, but the main carpenters' trade union still calls itself the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
Adjudicator

An **adjudicator** is someone who decides on a winner at a competition for music or theatre.  The adjudicator will always be somebody who has a lot of experience in what he is adjudicating.  In big international festivals, a team of several adjudicators may decide together on the winners.  In  competitions, the adjudicator may also talk to the competitors after they have performed and give them advice.  Competitors are often given first, second and third prizes.

In Law, an adjudicator is someone who decides who is right when a group of people cannot agree on something.
Minas Gerais

**Minas Gerais** () is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It has the second highest number of people. It has the fourth largest area. The capital is the city of Belo Horizonte, near the center of the state. The name means "General mines". Minas Gerais was formed mainly by colonists searching for gold, gemstones and diamonds.

## Location
Minas Gerais is in the west of the southeastern part of Brazil. That area also has the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. Minas Gerais shares borders with Bahia and Goiás (north), Mato Grosso do Sul (far west), the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (south) and the state of Espírito Santo (east). It also shares a short border with the Brazilian Federal District.

## Cities
Even though it is not the largest state in Brazil, Minas Gerais is the state with the most cities. Of the more than 5,500 municipalities in Brazil, Minas has more than 850 of them. The most important ones are the capital Belo Horizonte, Contagem, Betim, Ribeirão das Neves, Juiz de Fora, Montes Claros, Uberlândia and Ouro Preto.

## Notable people 
* José Paulino Gomes, supercentenarian

## References
## Other websites
Espírito Santo

**Espírito Santo** is one of the states of southeastern Brazil. It is often referred to as "**ES**". The capital of ES is Vitória and its largest city is Vila Velha. Those who are born in the state are known as "Capixabas", but the more correct word is "Espiritossantenses". The name means "holy spirit" after the Holy Ghost of Christianity.

## Location
This Brazilian state is in the southeastern subdivision of Brazil, which also contains the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean (east), the state of Bahia (north), the state of Minas Gerais (north and west), and the state of Rio de Janeiro (south). Espírito Santo's other main cities are Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Colatina, Linhares, São Mateus and Aracruz.

## Geography
At , it is about the size of Estonia. The state has many different types of habitats, for example coastal planes, lakes, mountain forest and mangroves.

The islands of Trindade and Martim Vaz,  east of Vitória in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, are also a part of Espirito Santo state.

## Notable people 
* José Paulino Gomes, supercentenarian

## References
Goiás

**Goiás** is a state of Brazil. It is in the central part of the country. It shares borders with Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Gerais, the Federal District, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The capital and largest city in the state is Goiânia. With an area of 341,289 km², Goiás is about the size of the Republic of the Congo; smaller than Germany and larger than Finland.

There are 246 municipalities in Goiás. The top 15 cities in order by number of people (est. 01/07/2005) are:

* Goiânia (1,201,006)
* Aparecida de Goiânia (435,234)
* Anápolis (313,412)
* Luziânia (180,227)
* Águas Lindas de Goiás (159,294)
* Rio Verde (133,231)
* Valparaíso de Goiás (119,493)
* Trindade (95,300)
* Planaltina de Goiás (94,717)
* Novo Gama (93,081)
* Formosa (90,247)
* Itumbiara (85,724)
* Jataí (76,100)
* Senador Canedo (71,399)
* Catalão (70,574)

## References
Maranhão

**Maranhão** is one of the states of Brazil. It is in the northeastern region of the country. To the north is the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Maranhão shares borders with Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. In the 19th century, the state used plantation slaves to produce cotton for Europe.

Major cities in the state besides the state capital São Luís are Imperatriz, Timon, and Caxias. The Alcantara spaceport is in the north of the state, not far from São Luís.

## References
Mato Grosso

**Mato Grosso** is one of the states of Brazil. It is in the western part of the country. Mato Grosso shares borders with the states of Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It also borders the country Bolivia to the southwest. The name, Mato Grosso, means "thick jungle". 

Mato Grosso is the state in Brazil in which the most deforestation of Brazil's part of the Amazon Rainforest has happened. In 1977, the state was split into two halves. This created the new state Mato Grosso do Sul. The Bororo native people live in the Mato Grosso area.

## Cities 
There are few cities. The most important ones are:
* Alta Floresta
* Barra do Garças
* Cáceres
* Cuiabá, the capital
* Rondonópolis
* Sinop
* Várzea Grande

## References
Hassium

**Hassium** is a very radioactive and unstable chemical element. It has the symbol **Hs** and it has the atomic number 108. It is a superheavy transuranium element.

Hassium is a radioactive element that does not exist in nature. It has to be made in a lab.

## History 
Hassium was first made in 1984. and **eka-osmium**. It was made at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. The element was named from the Latin name for the German state of Hessen. Hessen is the state that the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung is in. Before it was named Hassium, scientists could not decide what the name should be and there was an element naming controversy. The temporary IUPAC systematic element name was *unniloctium* meaning "one-zero-eight-ium" referring to its atomic number. The symbol with the name was *Uno*. In 1994 a committee of IUPAC recommended that element 108 be named *hahnium*. The name hassium was adopted internationally in 1997.

## Chemistry 
Isotope 270 of Hassium was found in December 2006. An international team of scientists led by the Technical University of Munich discovered it. It is a doubly magic isotope and it has a long half-life of 22 seconds. Scientists had thought that heavy and stable isotopes should exist. Some theories said Hassium-270 may be part of an island of stability. Hassium can oxidise like osmium, the element above it in the periodic table, into hassium tetroxide. Chemists found that is less volatile than osmium tetroxide.

## References 
## Other websites 
* WebElements.com - Hassium
* Apsidium - Hs
Roraima

**Roraima** is one of the states of Brazil. It is in the northern part of the country. It shares borders with the states of Pará and Amazonas, as well as the countries Venezuela and Guyana. Roraima is both the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil.

## Geography 
The climate is tropical with an average temperature of 26&nbsp;°C. Most of the state is in the Amazon rainforest. A small part of the state is a small strip of savanna to the east. The state has many mineral deposits - especially gold, diamonds, cassiterite, bauxite and copper. These create constant fights with the native people. The Yanomami are the most well-known of the native people, but they are greatly out-numbered by the Macuxi.

The Monte Roraima National Park is near one of the highest mountains of Brazil, the 9220 ft (2727 m) high table-top Mount Roraima.

## History 
In 1943, the federal government separated the area from the state Amazonas. The territory was first named Rio Branco after the main river. In 1962, it was renamed "Roraima." In 1988, it became a state. The name of the state was taken from Monte Roraima, whose name comes from the Pemon words *roroi* (cyan) and *ma* (large).

## References
## Other websites 
* State government website
Eduard Hanslick

**Eduard Hanslick** (born Prague September 11, 1825; died Baden, Austria, August 6, 1904) was a famous music critic.  He wrote about music that was being composed in his time.  He liked the music of composers like Brahms and Schumann but hated the music of Wagner and Liszt.  Their music sounded too modern for his taste.

He was born into a German-speaking family.  His father was a music teacher.  When he was 18 Hanslick went to study music with Tomášek, one of Prague's most important musicians. He also studied law at Prague University.  He did not study music at university but he knew a lot about music and played the piano very well.  He started writing music reviews (writing about concerts that had taken place).  For many years he wrote reviews in a paper called *Neue freie Presse*.  He became professor of history and music at the University of Vienna and was an adjudicator at lots of music festivals.  His most famous book was called *Vom Musikalisch-Schönen* (*About Beauty in Music*).

Hanslick's tastes were conservative (he did not like new ideas).  We remember him today for writing good things about Brahms and bad things about Wagner.  A lot of musicians took sides on this matter.  It is sometimes called: *The War of the Romantics*.  Musicians had long arguments in the music journals about which kind of music was better.

Although in some ways he was narrow-minded he had a lot of influence on music.  His books on music are very interesting showing great knowledge.  He knew most of the great musicians of his day.

Wagner made a caricature of Hanslick in his opera *Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg* in which the town clerk Beckmesser criticizes the young singer Walther who sings songs which break the traditional rules of composition.
Final Fantasy IX

***Final Fantasy IX*** is a role-playing video game for the Playstation. It was released in 2000 by Square Enix.
Final Fantasy (video game)

**Final Fantasy** is a fantasy role-playing video game. It was made by Squaresoft, now called Square Enix.  It was released in 1987.
Criticism

**Criticism** is a word used in two senses. Originally, it meant "a scholarly analysis and balanced judgement". Later (mid-20th century) it came to mean "a hostile attack" pointing out the bad features of the topic. 

#Constructive criticism: criticism to evaluate and improve. This is when somebody points out aspects of something else that could be improved or made better. This is an important activity, especially when dealing with young people. Parents and teachers often use this kind of criticism. In adult life it is widely used in literature, the arts and science.
#Negative or destructive criticism: criticism as an attack on a person or idea. Negative criticism is often interpreted as an attack against a person (ad hominem), and appears often in debates between political opponents.

## History of the word 
In ancient Greek *kritos* meant judge, and *kritikos* meant the critic. Related Greek terms are krinein (separating out, deciding), krei- (to sieve, discriminate, or distinguish). The word moved from Greek to Latin (*Criticus*, a judge) to French (*critique*) to English. The words "critic" and "critical" existed in the English language from the mid-16th century, and the word "criticism" first made its appearance in English in the early 17th century.

## Related pages 
*Art critic
*Critic
*Critical thinking
*Music critic
*Textual criticism

## References
Final Fantasy V

***Final Fantasy V*** is a medieval fantasy role-playing video game. It is developed and published by Square (now Square Enix). It was first made in 1992 as a part of the *Final Fantasy* series. The game first appeared only in Japan on Nintendo's Super Famicom. It has been remade with little differences to Sony's PlayStation and Nintendo's Game Boy Advance.

The original video animation produced in 1994 called *Final Fantasy: Legend of the Crystals* is a sequel to the game. It was released on the PlayStation Network on April 6, 2011 in Japan. The game was released for iPhone and iPad on March 28th, 2013.
A version of the game was created for the Nintendo Game Boy Advance in 2006. It has many weapons, items, armors and 22 jobs. Some jobs are secret and can only be unlocked in the GBA version.

The game begins when a wanderer named Bartz investigates a fallen meteor. He meets several characters. One tells him about the danger the four Crystals that control the world's elements. These Crystals act like a seal on Exdeath. Exdeath is an evil magician. Bartz and his friends have to keep the Crystals from being used by Exdeath.

*Final Fantasy V* has been praised for its character customization. This is possible because of the large Job System. The first Super Famicom version sold more than two&nbsp;million copies. The PlayStation version has earned "Greatest Hits" status. It has sold more than 350,000&nbsp;copies.

## References
Final Fantasy VIII

***Final Fantasy VIII*** is a fantasy role-playing video game. It was released for the PlayStation in 1999 and Windows computers in 2000. It was made by Square (now Square Enix). It is the eight title of the *Final Fantasy* series. It removed magic point-based spell-casting. It was the first title to consistently use realistically proportioned characters. The game became available on PlayStation Network as a PSone Classics title in 2009.

## References
Final Fantasy X

***Final Fantasy X*** is a fantasy role-playing video game made by Square Enix. It is the 10th game in the *Final Fantasy* video game series. The game was released in 2001, and is the first *Final Fantasy* game that was made for the Sony PlayStation 2 video game console.

## Other websites 
*Official *Final Fantasy X* website 
**Final Fantasy X* articles at Wikia
Ditch

:*For use of the ditch as obstacles for horses, see ditch (obstacle)*

A **ditch** is created to channel water and can be described as a small or moderate depression. A ditch can be used for drainage, to drain water from low-lying areas, alongside roadways or fields, or to channel water from a more distant source for plant irrigation. A trench can be defined as a long narrow ditch.

Ditches are commonly seen around farmland, especially in areas that have required drainage, such as The Fens in the UK and the pro-water management The Netherlands.

Roadside ditches can provide a hazard to motorists, especially in poor weather conditions.

## Fortification 
 trench works and shrapnel shelter]]

In military engineering and fortification, a distinction is made between a ditch and a trench. A ditch is a , designed to slow down or break up an attacking force, while a trench is a cover, intended to provide protection to the defenders. In Medieval fortification, a ditch was often constructed in front of a defensive wall. When filled with water, such a defensive ditch is called a moat. Today ditches are of no importance as an obstacle for persons, but are still often used as anti-vehicle obstacles.
Chobits

***Chobits*** is a Japanese manga and anime series created by CLAMP. 

## Plot 
The story is mostly about the life of Hideki Motosuwa who did not make it into a university, and so is called a 'ronin', a repeat student. Hideki tries to get into a university by moving from his farm and studying at Seki, a cram school in Tokyo. He is not used to women, but likes to imagine that he is. He wants to have a girlfriend and a 'Persocom'. A Persocom is a kind of robot that looks like a person, but can be used like a computer, phone, and a "partner" in some cases. 

One evening when Hideki is walking home from the grocery store, he finds a unique Persocom on a curb. It is a beautiful young girl with long blonde hair, wrapped in white cloth, lying against a pile of trash bags. He takes the Persocom home. Hideki looks all over the Persocom's body for a switch to turn her on, and finds it between her legs. He turns her on and asks her questions, but all she can say is "chi", so Hideki names her [Chi](http://chobits.wikia.com/wiki/Chi_(Elda)_Motosuwa)  

## Anime 
The anime has 26 episodes and was broadcast across East Asia and Southeast Asia by the anime television network, Animax. Episodes 9, 18, and an extra 27th OVA episode are used as "recap" episodes, looking back on the events that happened previously. The episodes were given different numbers for the DVD release because the original recap episodes were not included as part of the main anime, instead being published together on the final DVD and re-numbered as 8.5, 16.5 and 24.5 making the series only 24 episodes.

There is a 6-minute special episode: "Sumomo and Kotoko on a Quest", or "Chibits", which is about Sumomo and Kotoko.

The series was supervised by Morio Asaka, and Hisashi Abe was the character designer and the animation director. The ending to the anime series is different from the manga. One thing that is different is that there is no allusion to Hideki never having Chi because of where her switch is, and the new part of Freya taking over Chi's body and asking her mother Chitose to shut them down, saying the Chobits series is a failure, and the activation of the program after all, although the effect on Persocons is not the same as in the manga.

## References
Brossard, Quebec

**Brossard** is a city near Montreal in the Canadian province of Quebec.  Brossard is also near the Saint Lawrence River.  About 90,000 people live in the city of Brossard.  Doreen Assaad is the mayor of Brossard since 2017. Brossard was created on February 14, 1958.

Brossard has a lot of people from different places. For example, there are lots of Chinese people who live in Brossard, more so than in any other city in Quebec.

## References
Master of Puppets

***Master of Puppets*** is the third album by Metallica. Metallica is an American heavy metal band. The album was released by Elektra Records on March 3, 1986. The album has 8 songs, which many feel made a permanent impact on heavy metal music. Several of its songs are still played on the radio. It is one of the best selling heavy metal albums ever made. Many people think it is also one of the best heavy metal albums ever made.

Before the album came out, Metallica went on tour with Ozzy Osbourne for five months. It is the band's last album with bassist Cliff Burton. This is because Burton died in a bus accident on September 27, 1986 while touring in Sweden for the album. After he died, the band canceled the concerts they were going to play. They went back to the United States to find a new bassist.

## Track listing
## Credits 
* Don Brautigam - Illustrations
* Cliff Burton - Bass, Vocals (background), Lead Bass on "Orion"
* Rob Ellis - Photography
* Ross Halfin - Photography
* Kirk Hammett - Lead Guitar
* James Hetfield - Guitars, Arranger, Vocals
* George Marino - Remastering
* Metallica - Producer, Cover Art Concept
* Flemming Rasmussen - Producer, Engineer
* Lars Ulrich - Arranger, Drums
* Michael Wagener - Mixing

## References
Final Fantasy X-2

***Final Fantasy X-2*** is a fantasy role-playing video game released for the PlayStation 2 in 2003. It was made by Square Enix. It is a direct sequel to the game *Final Fantasy X*, the first direct sequel in the *Final Fantasy* series.
Flags of Brazilian states

This gallery of **flags of Brazilian states** shows the flags of the 26 Brazilian States and the federal district.

File:Bandeira do Acre.svg|Flag of Acre
File:Bandeira de Alagoas.svg|Flag of Alagoas
File:Bandeira do Amapá.svg|Flag of Amapá
File:Bandeira do Amazonas.svg|Flag of Amazonas
File:Bandeira da Bahia.svg|Flag of Bahia
File:Bandeira do Ceará.svg|Flag of Ceará
File:Bandeira do Espírito Santo.svg|Flag of Espírito Santo
File:Flag of Goiás.svg|Flag of Goiás
File:Bandeira do Maranhão.svg|Flag of Maranhão
File:Bandeira de Mato Grosso.svg|Flag of Mato Grosso
File:Bandeira de Mato Grosso do Sul.svg|Flag of Mato Grosso do Sul
File:Bandeira de Minas Gerais.svg|Flag of Minas Gerais
File:Bandeira do Pará.svg|Flag of Pará
File:Bandeira da Paraíba.svg|Flag of Paraíba
File:Bandeira do Paraná.svg|Flag of Paraná
File:Bandeira de Pernambuco.svg|Flag of Pernambuco
File:Bandeira do Piauí.svg|Flag of Piauí
File:Bandeira do estado do Rio de Janeiro.svg|Flag of Rio de Janeiro
File:Bandeira do Rio Grande do Norte.svg|Flag of Rio Grande do Norte
File:Bandeira do Rio Grande do Sul.svg|Flag of Rio Grande do Sul
File:Bandeira de Rondônia.svg|Flag of Rondônia
File:Bandeira de Roraima.svg|Flag of Roraima
File:Bandeira Santa Catarina.svg|Flag of Santa Catarina
File:Bandeira do Estado de São Paulo.svg|Flag of São Paulo
File:Bandeira de Sergipe.svg|Flag of Sergipe
File:Bandeira do Tocantins.svg|Flag of Tocantins
File:Bandeira do Distrito Federal.svg|Flag of Distrito Federal

## Gallery
Arthur

**Arthur** is a male name that can also mean:

## Fictional characters
* King Arthur
* Arthur Teller
* Arthur Read

## Other
* *Arthur* (TV series)
* *Arthur* (book series)
**Arthur* (1981 movie), a movie starring Dudley Moore
Spinet

A **spinet** is a small kind of harpsichord. In Renaissance and Baroque times, and even later, people often had a spinet in their homes. The advantage of a spinet was that it was cheaper than a harpsichord and it also took up less room.

Sometimes the word used to be spelt differently, e.g. "spinnet" or "spinnit".

The spinet is different from a harpsichord because of the angle of the strings which run at an angle to the right. The whole instrument is a bit like a triangle in shape. The strings are arranged in pairs and the jacks (the quills which pluck the strings) are also in pairs in the wider gaps, plucking the string next to them.

Harpsichords may have several sounds (in the same way that an organ has several stops making different sounds). This is not possible on a spinet, which has one sound only. It is always an 8-foot sound (the notes sound at the normal pitch, never an octave higher). Spinets were useful for accompanying.

## Other websites
United Artists

**United Artists** is a Hollywood movie company. The original company was created in 1919 by actors by D.&nbsp;W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks. This group did not want to depend on commercial studios.

## Ownership
In 1967, United Artists was bought by Transamerica Corporation. In 1981, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists merged to form MGM/UA Entertainment Co.. In 1985, Turner Broadcasting System announced it would buy MGM/UA. Then in 1986, MGM split from Turner (while keeping MGM's library of pre-May 1986 films, television and cartoons to make way for Turner Entertainment Co.) and renamed to MGM/UA Communications Co.. In 1990, MGM/UA was bought out by Pathé and renamed to MGM-Pathé Communications. In 1992, MGM-Pathé was bought by Crédit Lyonnais and reverted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1997, MGM was sold to Tracinda Corporation. In 2005, MGM/UA formed the new company MGM Holdings.

The current United Artists formed in November 2006. It was a partnership between producer/actor Tom Cruise and his production partner, Paula Wagner, and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. from 2012 to 2015. It is a fully owned subsidiary of MGM. In 2015 it was owned by DHX Media until sold back to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, while handling UA's movies from 1952 to 2016. However, MGM decided to purchase United Artists back from DHX. They sold UA's stake to Amblin Partners in 2017, with newer movies produced by UA, under a partnership between MGM and Amblin.

## United Artists Records
**United Artists Records** was a record label founded by Max E. Youngstein in 1957. It was started in order to distribute records of its movie soundtracks. Later the label began recording music of other types.

## References