open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Multi-academy trust

A **Multi-academy trust (MAT)** or **academy chain** is an trust that manages more than one academy in England. It is funded by the Department of Education and local authorities. In November 2019, there were 1,170 Multi-academy trusts. 598 have five or fewer schools, 259 have 6-11 schools, 85 have between 12-25 schools and 29 have 26 or more schools.

## References
Being Erica

***Being Erica*** is a Canadian comedy drama television series made for CBC Television. It starred Erin Karpluk, Reagan Pasternak, Michael Riley, and Kathleen Laskey. The show ran from January 5, 2009 until December 12, 2011. The series wasn't officially cancelled but creator Jana Sinyor said the show was over.

The show followed 30-year-old Erica Strange as she uses time travel from her therapist Dr. Tom to go back to important times in her life and regrets that she had during it.

Since it's conclusion and success, there have been a few remakes of the show. In 2010, it was announced that American Broadcasting Company was creating a remake of *Being Erica* with Maggie Friedman working on the series. On December 10, 2020, Allison Williams was announced as the star of an American remake of *Being Erica* made by Boat Rocker Studios.

## References
## Other websites
* (archive)
*
Music of Hungary

Hungary has made many contributions to the fields of folk, popular and classical music. Hungarian folk music is a prominent part of the national identity and continues to play a major part in Hungarian music. The Busójárás carnival in Mohács is a major folk music event in Hungary, formerly featuring the long-established and well-regarded Bogyiszló orchestra. Instruments traditionally used in Hungarian folk music include the citera, cimbalom, cobza, doromb, duda, kanászkürt, tárogató, tambura, tekero and ütőgardon. Traditional Hungarian music has been found to bear resemblances to the musical traditions of neighbouring Balkan countries and Central Asia.

## References
Sophie (TV series)

***Sophie*** is a Canadian sitcom television series made for CBC Television. It starred Natalie Brown, Sebastian Spence, Amy Lalonde, Jeff Geddis, Mimi Kuzyk, and Sara Botsford. The show ran from January 9, 2008 until March 23, 2009. It was cancelled because of low ratings. The show was also broadcast on ABC Family after they bought the rights to the series.

The show followed Sophie Parker as she deals with balancing motherhood and the workplace. She deals with her boyfriend Rick leaving her and taking her clients to his competing business.

The series was renewed for a second season by CBC but ended afterwards and was not brought back.

## References
## Other websites
* (archive)
*
ATR 72

The **ATR 72** is a twin-engine turboprop commercial airliner for regional and short-haul travel built in France and Italy by ATR. It was developed from the ATR 42. The ATR 72 has a maximum seating capacity of 78 and is crewed by two people.

The number "72" in its name is derived from the aircraft's standard seating configuration in a passenger-carrying configuration, which could accommodate 72 to 78 passengers in a single-class combination. To date, the entire ATR series has been completed on the company's final assembly line in Toulouse, France.

## Development
, its launch operator]]
During the mid-1980s, ATR
The ATR 42 is the initial version of this type and was unveiled in 1981, taking off for the first time on August 16, 1984. The ATR 72 is very similar in design to the basic ATR 42 but with an additional 4.5 meters of span and modified wings. 

The ATR 72 was unveiled in 1985 during the Paris-Le Bourget International Air and Space Show and made its maiden voyage on October 27, 1988. Exactly one year later, on October 27, 1989, the Finnish airline Kar Air became the first company to put these aircraft into service.

## Design
The ATR 72 is a regional airplane with turboprop engines that can carry up to 78 passengers. It uses two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100 engines with four or six-blade propellers from Hamilton Standard. Older models have PW124B engines (2,400 horsepower), while newer ones use PW127 engines (2,750 horsepower) for better takeoff performance at high-altitude airports like Andorra.

About 30% of the wing is made from carbon fiber, making the plane lighter. Normally, the ATR 72 doesn't have an auxiliary power unit, but when installed, it goes in the C4 cargo area. Many ATR 72 planes use a "Hotel Mode," which stops the right propeller while the engine keeps running to provide power and air on the ground.

Most ATR 72s board passengers through the rear door, which is unusual for passenger planes. The front door is often used for cargo. Finnair ordered its ATR 72s with front passenger doors to use jet bridges at Helsinki Airport. Air New Zealand uses standard rear-door models that also work with some jet bridges. A tail stand is always placed during boarding or exiting to prevent the aircraft’s nose from tipping up.

Passengers board through the rear door, while the front door is used for loading cargo.
## References
Straight-three engine

The **Inline-three engine** or **Straight-three** is an internal combustion engine with three cylinders. The cylinders are positioned in a straight line along one crankshaft. It can be powered by different types of fuels, including gasoline, diesel and natural gas.

Inline threes are used in cars less often than inline fours. Due to generally smaller engine sizes, inline threes tend to use less fuel to operate and less resources to build.

## References
Clean (Shane & Shane album)

***Clean*** is the fourth studio album by Shane & Shane. The album was released on October 19, 2004.

## Track listing
## References
Jozefin Marku

**Jozefin Marku** (also known as **Jozi Marku**, born 19 March 1996) is an Albanian singer. He studied classical singing at the Jordan Misja Artistic High School in Tirana. He first appeared in public with the song "Kur ti je me mu", a collaboration with Albanian maestro Edmond Zhulali.

In 2025, he was a contestant in the fourth season of the Albanian reality TV show *Big Brother VIP Albania*. On the semi-final night, 13 April 2025, he physically attacked another contestant, Besart Kelmendi (also known as Gjesti), and was eliminated from the show. He was briefly arrested by the Tirana police after the incident.

## References
Chingjen Naran Panganba

**Chingjen Naran Panganba ()**, also known as **Chingjel Naral Panganba ()**, is a prince of the Chenglei dynasty in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). He is notably mentioned in the classical Meitei literary work known as the Chengleiron, one of the earliest works of ancient Meitei literature. His stories are mythologized in Meitei mythology and folklore. He is deified and worshipped in traditional Meitei religion of Sanamahism. He is portrayed as a man of supernatural strength and extraordinary abilities, born to the Chenglei royal family. Over time, his name has come to symbolize exceptional physical power and courage in Meitei civilisation.

## Birth 
Chingjen Naran Panganba was born to King Thangyi Khongjromba of the Chenglei dynasty and Penu Leimaren, daughter of the deity Soraren. His birth took place while his father was away at the frontier of the kingdom, leading the construction of defensive earthen ramparts. The legend says that shortly after birth, still with the umbilical cord attached, the infant left his mother and set out to find his father.

## Adventures 
Upon locating his king-father, Chingjen Naran Panganba offered his services. In an unnatural display of strength, he managed to carry massive loads of earth (remblai) in only five steps, enough to form a hillock. In another event, he pulled down a large tree growing by a stream and used it as a seat for bathing. Other people climbed onto the tree, but when the child dismounted, the tree sprang back upright, throwing them off and killing them. This tree became known as misi, meaning “killer tree.”

These superhuman tasks surprised the king, who tried to request his son to stay. However, Chingjen Naran Panganba refused and journeyed westward over the mountains in search of further adventures.

## Related pages 
* Yaoreima
* Toibi Leima

## References
Thangyi Taobung Khongdouba

**Thangyi Taobung Khongdouba** () was a king of the Chenglei dynasty in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). He is a notable figure in early Manipuri literature and Meitei folklore, especially as featured in the classical Meitei historical-mythological text, Chengleiron. His story shows royal customs, family dynamics, and emotional drama during the early period of Manipur’s literary and cultural development.

## Family 
*Thangyi Taobung Khongdouba* was the son of King *Thangyi Khongjromba* of the Chenglei dynasty and his second wife. His half-brother, through Khongjromba’s first wife, was Naophangba (Meitei blood of the Ningthouja dynasty), who later became a king of the Meitei dynasty.
Khongdouba’s story is mentioned in the later part of Chengleiron, which combines elements of both legend and early historical events across generations of Chenglei rulers.

## Marriage 
*Khongdouba* married *Toibi Leima*, a princess from the Luwang dynasty, one of the prominent noble families of ancient Manipur. Their union was politically significant, strengthening ties between the Chenglei and Luwang royalties. Together, they had two sons.
However, the marriage took a troubled turn. *Toibi Leima* fell seriously ill with a disfiguring disease. Instead of caring for her, Khongdouba neglected her, and she returned to her parental home for treatment. There, she gradually recovered and regained her former beauty.

## Reunion 
Sometime later, Khongdouba encountered Toibi Leima again during a hunting expedition. Struck by her renewed beauty, he forcibly took her back home. He did so using trickery and the help of a cunning servant.

## Related pages 
* List of Khuman queens
* List of Khuman kings
* Khuman Kangleirol
* Moirang Kangleirol
* Ningthourol Lambuba
* Cheitharol Kumbaba
## References
Toibi Leima

**Toibi Leima ()** was a princess of the Luwang dynasty in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). She was the wife of King Thangyi Taobung Khongdouba of the Chenglei dynasty. Her story is told in the historical-mythological classical Meitei language text Chengleiron, one of the earliest known literary works of Manipur. She is remembered for her grace, suffering, and eventual recovery, and her life illustrates the emotional and social experiences of royal women in ancient Meitei literature (early Manipuri literature).

## Family 
Toibi Leima was born into the Luwang royal family, one of the ruling classes in the ancient principalities of Manipur. As a princess, her marriage to Thangyi Taobung Khongdouba, a member of the Chenglei dynasty, was a political alliance between two prominent royal families. She gave birth to two sons with Khongdouba, continuing the Chenglei royal bloodline.

## Illness and neglect 
After becoming a mother, Toibi Leima fell seriously ill with a disease that reportedly altered her appearance. Instead of caring for her, her husband Khongdouba neglected her. She returned to her parental home for treatment and healing. Her illness and exile from her husband’s household show the challenges faced by women in traditional royal society, particularly during times of personal hardship.

## Recovery and reunion 
Over time, Toibi Leima recovered from her illness and regained her youthful beauty. During a hunting trip, her husband unexpectedly saw her again and was deeply moved by her appearance. Despite their past, he forcibly brought her back with the help of a crafty servant, using cunning rather than reconciliation.

This incident is known for its emotional complexity, themes of abandonment, resilience, beauty, and power dynamics in marriage. It is also notable for showing the psychological depth of both characters, Toibi Leima’s quiet endurance and Khongdouba’s remorseful desire to reclaim her.

## Importance in literature 
Toibi Leima’s story is one of the most human-centered episodes in Chengleiron, which otherwise shows legendary and mythical themes. Her experience contrasts with the superhuman feats of characters like Chingjen Naran Panganba and shows the emotional depth of women’s roles in ancient Manipuri society.

The writer of Chengleiron describes her suffering and recovery with sympathy and detail, showing a rare sensitivity to female experience. This portrayal adds literary richness to the text and shows early Manipuri storytelling’s attention to emotional and moral complexity.

## Related pages 
* Yaoreima
* Haoreima
* List of Meitei princesses
* List of Khuman queens
* Meitei queens of Tripura
* Meitei goddesses

## References
Haonu Chakhanu

**Haonu Chakhanu ()**, also known as **Haonu Chakha Saphabi ()**, is an ancient Meitei woman mentioned in the 1st century CE classical Meitei literary work Numit Kappa (The Shooting Down of the Sun). She is the wife of Khwai Nongchengpam Piba, the slave who rebelled against his two masters, with the action of shooting down the elder sun, Tauhuireng Ahanpa. She plays an important supporting role, helping her husband, that shows her emotional and domestic dimensions, as well as the quiet strength of women in early Meitei cultural narratives.

## Overview 
Haonu Chakhanu is a dutiful wife and silent collaborator in her husband’s bold and dangerous plan to shoot down the sun. Her contribution to the plot is indirect yet essential as she obeys her husband’s request to fetch strong, resilient bamboo from her natal home, which he uses to craft the bow and arrows for his mission. She was not a quite domestic partner but also as a quiet enabler of a world-changing event.

## Character and traits 
Haonu Chakhanu is known for her obedience, loyalty, and emotional restraint. During the week-long preparation for the attack, her husband strictly instructs her to remain indoors, to focus on her weaving, to avoid chatting with neighbors or drawing attention to their household. She agreed to her husband's instructions without any question, showing discipline and discretion. Importantly, despite the importance of her husband’s plan, she is not informed by her husband about the details. Her husband, keeps the mission a secret, showing both the Meitei cultural norms of silence and distance in critical matters, as well as her husband's solitary burden.

## Involvement 
Haonu Chakhanu participates in her husband’s archery training, serving as a passive target to test his precision. He shoots an arrow to split her earring as she walks uphill with a water pitcher. He strikes a piece of arum root, placed on her head without harming her. He cuts a tightly stretched thread she holds, self testing his skill.

## Related pages 
* Tauhuireng Ahanpa
* Numitsana Khomadon
* Korou Nongmai Hanpi
* Chakpa Lamlang Amaipi

## References
Kabo Loi (Khamba Thoibi)

**Kabo Loi** (), also known as **Thoibi Loi Thaba** (), or **Loi Kumba** (), is an event from the Khamba Thoibi classical epic in Moirang Kangleirol genre of Meitei mythology and folklore. It tells the story of Princess Thoibi’s exile to Kabo (Kabaw), a historical tributary region of the then Moirang kingdom, in what is now western Myanmar. This event follows the conflicts in the Ukai Kappa, Heijing, and Samukhong events.

## Exile decision and order 
Princess Thoibi refused her father, Crown Prince Chingkhu Akhuba’s, demand to marry Angom Nongban Kongyamba. Angered by her refusal, the prince said, “I would rather be childless than be the father of this evil girl.” He ordered his minister, Hanjaba, to sell Thoibi to the Kabaw chief for silver and gold and exiled her to the Kabaw region.

Thoibi informed Khamba of her misfortune and pleaded with him not to forget her. On the day of her exile, she wept bitterly. Her cries were so loud they were compared to thunder. The queen and all her maids also wept. Minister Hanjaba escorted her to Kabaw. Along the way, Thoibi met Khamba, and both mourned the pain of their separation. Khamba gave her a staff to lean on during her journey.

## Token of chastity 
While traveling, Thoibi planted the staff by the roadside, wishing it to blossom into a leafy tree if she remained faithful to Khamba. She also carved a mark on a roadside stone as a record of her chastity.

## Life in Kabaw 
Upon arrival in Kabaw, Chief Tamurakpa took pity on Thoibi and kept her as a guest in his house. She befriended Changning Kanbi, the chief’s daughter. However, jealous women in Kabaw persuaded Changning to treat Thoibi as a servant, sending her to catch fish and gather firewood. Despite these hardships, Thoibi constantly dreamt of Khamba.

God Thangjing, the national deity of Moirang, took pity on her. When Chief Tamurakpa learned of the harsh treatment from his own daughter, he asked all the women to weave a cloth each. Changning called Thoibi a wayward child because she refused to marry Kongyamba, whom Changning considered a worthy match. Angered by his daughter’s words, Tamurakpa intended to punish her, but Thoibi stopped him.

Thoibi and Changning wove their respective cloths. Changning, jealous, tore holes in Thoibi’s cloth at night using a porcupine quill. Thoibi intelligently mended the cloth, making it more beautiful. Tamurakpa admired Thoibi’s cloth and discarded his own daughter’s work.

## Signs of home and return 
While working at the loom, Thoibi noticed ashes carried by the wind, reminding her of Moirang. She wept for Khamba and her homeland. God Thangjing softened the hearts of those in power and sent men to bring her back. Meanwhile, Kongyamba was secretly instructed by crown prince to forcibly elope her during the return journey.

Before leaving, Thoibi prayed to the patron deity of Kabaw, thanked Chief Tamurakpa for his hospitality, and paid respect to the stone marking her chastity. She also saw the staff planted earlier, which had blossomed into a leafy tree.

## Related pages 
* Meitei princess

## References
Haoba Athouba

**Haoba Athouba** () was a warrior of the Khuman clan in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). His story is notably mentioned in the classical Meitei literary work Chainarol (An Account of Combats). His story shows both personal bravery and the challenges faced by warriors who did not emerge victorious in ritual duels. His story is about the harsh realities of the warrior code that governed inter-clan conflicts in early Meitei civilisation.

## Background 
Haoba Athouba was a member of the Khuman clan, the principal community of Khuman kingdom. The Khumans were known for their martial prowess and frequent engagements in ritual single combats with warriors from other clans, particularly the Meitei (Ningthouja) (alias Mangang).
## Duel with Wangkhei Khoiya 
In the Chainarol, Haoba Athouba is recorded for his fateful combat with Wangkhei Khoiya, a warrior from the Mangang/Ningthouja Meitei community. The duel occurred at an unspecified location and was typical of the era's formalized warrior tradition, personal challenges, mutual respect before combat, and mortal consequences.

Haoba Athouba was severely wounded in the neck during the fight and, unable to continue, fled the battlefield, crying out for assistance from his Khuman kinsmen who were nearby, possibly fishing at the time. His retreat, however, did not prevent the opponent from pursuing and ultimately overpowering him.

Khoiya beheaded Haoba Athouba, a standard ritual conclusion to such duels, and returned home in triumph with the Khuman warrior’s head displayed on a pole.

## Interpretation 
Haoba Athouba’s story is often read as an example of valour that met with tragic defeat. Unlike many accounts in the Chainarol that glorify victory through skill and honour, this episode shows the vulnerable side of warfare, the fall of a brave but unfortunate warrior.

His retreat from the battlefield, although understandable given his grave injury, contrasts with the ideal of stoic endurance expected of warriors in ancient Meitei martial tradition. This departure from the code of conduct adds complexity to his character and shows the human limits of heroism.

## Related pages 
* Khuman warrior traditions
* Meitei martial arts
* Meitei traditional weapons
* Khuman kingdom
* Moirang kingdom
* Khuman dynasty
* Khuman Apokpa
* List of Khuman kings
* List of Khuman queens
* Khuman royal necklace incident
* Khuman Kangleirol
* Moirang Kangleirol
* Khuman Puremba
* Khuman Khamba
* Khumanlol
* Khuman language
* Khuman Kwakpa Litonpanba
* Maithingkongaba
* Chakha Moiremba
* Thongbu Wainucha
## References
Battle of Franklin

The **Battle of Franklin** was fought on November 30, 1864, in Franklin, Tennessee. It was part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. It was one of the worst battles in the war for the Confederate States Army. Confederate Lieutenant General John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee made many frontal assaults against areas with lots of fortification. The Confederate Army was trying to attack the Union forces under Major General John Schofield. The Army of Tennessee wanted to stop the Union Army from retreating to Nashville. The Army of Tennessee was not able to do this.

The Confederate made a frontal assault to Schofield's army. The assault had 6 infantry divisions. The six divisions had eighteen brigades with 100 regiments. This assault had 20,000 men in total. This assault was sometimes called  "Pickett's Charge of the West". This charge led to many losses in the Army of Tennessee. There were 14 confederate generals with casualties (six killed, seven wounded, and one captured). There were 55 regimental commanders were casualties. After the army lost against George H. Thomas in the Battle of Nashville, the Army of Tennessee retreated.

## Refefences
**Citations**

**Bibliography**

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::**Memoirs and primary sources**
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* . First published 1880 for the Hood Orphan Memorial Fund by G.T. Beauregard.
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**Further reading**

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## Other websites
* Battle of Franklin: **Battle Maps**, histories, photos, and preservation news (Civil War Trust)
***Animated map** of the Battle of Franklin  (Civil War Trust)
* A blog-database for descendants of the Battle of Franklin
* Google Map of the Battle of Franklin 
* Battle of Franklin.net
* Animated history of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign 
* Save the Franklin Battlefield, Inc.
* Carter House Museum
* Carnton Plantation
* McGavock Confederate Cemetery
* *West Point Atlas* map, Battles of Spring Hill and Franklin
* Historic map of Franklin, Tennessee Civil War Preservation Association
* 
* On this date in Civil War history – Battle of Franklin – November 30, 1864
1989 firebombing of the Riverdale Press

The '*1989 firebombing of the *Riverdale Press'''* was an attack where 2 firebombs were thrown at the offices of the *Riverdale Press* in the Bronx, New York City on February 28, 1989. The building was damaged. 2 California bookstores were also damaged in similar attacks.

The bombing was shortly after the newspaper made an editorial that defended Salman Rushdie in the controversy over *The Satanic Verses''.

## References
Khuman (linguistics)

In linguistics, **Khuman** () or **Khumal** () refers to a historical dialectal variety of the Meitei language (also known as Manipuri language) associated with the Khuman dynasty and its Khuman clan, one of the seven principal Yek Salai clans of the traditional Meitei confederacy. Historically influential in the Khuman kingdom, the Khuman dialect has contributed a distinct lexical layer to Meitei, with words of Khuman origin frequently attested in classical Meitei manuscripts and early literary sources. These features have drawn sustained attention from linguists, particularly within Tibeto-Burman studies, where Khuman data are examined for insights into the historical development, internal variation, and clan-based stratification of the Meitei language. This political integration played a significant role in shaping the linguistic landscape of early Meitei society, facilitating the incorporation of Khuman linguistic features into the developing Meitei language and its classical literary tradition.

## Vocabularies 
## Literary sources 
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## Related pages 
* Khuman Kangleirol
* Moirang Kangleirol
* Khuman Apokpa
* List of Khuman and Luwang common ancestral monarchs
* Mangang Luwang Khuman
* List of Khuman kings
* List of Khuman queens
* Khuman royal necklace incident
* Khuman Khamba

## References
The Great Louse Detective

"**The Great Louse Detective**" is the sixth episode of the fourteenth season of ***The Simpsons***. It first aired on December 15, 2002.

## Other websites 
*
Água Branca, Alagoas

**Água Branca** is a Brazilian municipality situated in the state of Alagoas.

## Historic center
The historic center of the city includes churches, houses, the Baron of Água Branca's house, Nossa Senhora do Rosário Square, Matriz Square, and Fernandes Lima Square. This area is one of the main attractions. It is not only beautiful but also a great piece of art, with Baroque and Colonial styles.

Municipal law number 447/71, dated April 18, 2001, lists the historic center and nearby areas, including its historical and ecological sites. This law is recorded with the Financial Department of the Água Branca City Government.

## References
Khamnung Iwaithang

**Khamnung Iwaithang** or **Khamnung Iwangthang**, was the second ruler of the Angom dynasty of Ancient Kangleipak (present-day Manipur). He was the of Chingwalaki Pureiromba (or shortly Pureiromba), the founder of Angom dynasty, and Pithetleima Leihou Ningthou Chanu.

## References
Moirang (linguistics)

In linguistics, **Moirang** (), also known as **Moilang** (), denotes a historical dialectal variety of the Meitei language (also known as Manipuri) associated with the Moirang clan and its former Moirang kingdom. The Moirang polity was one of the seven principal Yek Salai clans within the traditional Meitei confederacy. Historically prominent in ancient Moirang, this dialect exerted a notable influence on the development of Meitei by contributing a distinct lexical stratum. Vocabulary of Moirang origin is frequently attested in classical Meitei manuscripts and early literary sources. Owing to these characteristics, the Moirang dialect has attracted sustained scholarly attention, particularly in Tibeto-Burman linguistics, where it is examined for evidence relevant to the historical evolution, internal variation, and clan-based stratification of the Meitei language.

## Vocabularies 
## Literary sources 
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## Related pages 
* List of rulers of Moirang
* Moirang Ningthourol Lambuba
* Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba
* Epic cycles of incarnations in Moirang
* Moirang Sai
* Moirang Kangla

## References
Wangkhei Khoiya

**Wangkhei Khoiya** () was a Meitei warrior of the Mangang clan in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). He is notably mentioned in the classical Meitei literary chronicle Chainarol (An Account of Combats). He is remembered for his victorious duel against Haoba Athouba, a warrior of the Khuman clan. His story shows the complex values of martial honour, physical strength, and personal prestige upheld in ancient Meitei civilisation.

## Background 
Wangkhei Khoiya belonged to the Wangkhei locality of the Meitei community, which was historically associated with notable warriors, nobles, and craftsmen. During the era recorded in the Chainarol, Meitei warriors often engaged in formalized single combats with their counterparts from other clans such as the Khuman, Moirang, and others. These combats were often symbolic, upholding clan honour and settling disputes without large-scale warfare.

## Combat with Haoba Athouba 
Wangkhei Khoiya's most prominent appearance in historical ancient Meitei literature comes from his duel with Haoba Athouba, a Khuman warrior. According to the Chainarol, the two engaged in ritual combat governed by a strict code of conduct.

During the fight, Khoiya managed to severely wound Haoba Athouba in the neck, causing the Khuman to flee the field in search of help from his clansmen. Despite Athouba's attempt to escape, Khoiya pursued, overpowered, and killed him. As was customary, Khoiya then beheaded his fallen opponent, hoisting the severed head on a pole as a trophy of victory and as a symbol of personal and communal triumph.

## Related pages 
* Meitei confederacy
* Meitei warrior traditions
* Khuman warrior traditions
* Meitei martial arts
* Meitei traditional weapons
* Khuman kingdom
* Moirang kingdom
* Khuman Kangleirol
* Moirang Kangleirol
## References
Bausch Health Companies Inc.

**Bausch Health Companies Inc.** is a global American-Canadian pharmaceutical industry. 

## Headquarters 
It's international headquarters are located in Laval, Quebec, and its American headquarters are in Bridgewater, New Jersey. 

## Products 
The company creates and markets many pharmaceutical products in gastroenterology, hepatology, neurology, dermatology, dentistry, medical aesthetics, and international pharmaceuticals. 
Bausch Health makes and markets branded pharmaceuticals, generic pharmaceuticals, and over-the-counter products in more than 90 countries and regions, including the United States, Canada, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and Latin America.

## History 
In 1959, Milan Panić founded ICN Pharmaceuticals. Panić ran the company for 43 years. In 1994, ICN merged with SPI Pharmaceuticals Inc., Viratek Inc., and ICN Biomedicals Inc. In 2003, ICN Pharmaceuticals changed its name to Valeant Pharmaceuticals. In 2017, Valeant sold 3 of it's skin care brands (CeraVe, Acnefree, and AMBI) to L'Oréal. Then, in 2018, it changed it's name again into Bausch Health Companies Inc.

## References
Roman Starovoyt

**Roman Vladimirovich Starovoyt** (; 20 January 1972 – 7 July 2025) was a Russian politician who was Minister of Transport from May 2024 to July 2025. He was Governor of Kursk Oblast from 2019 to 2024, Deputy Minister of Transport, and the leader of the Federal Road Agency. He was a member of the United Russia party.

Starovoyt was fired from being transport minister on 7 July 2025, and died from a gunshot wound in his car a few hours later.

## References
Dismissal (employment)

employee being "given the boot", meaning a dismissal.]]
**Dismissal** (often called **firing** or **sacking**) is the ending of employment by an employer when an employee does not want to leave. This action can be made by an employer for a number of reasons, including bad employee work, bad behaviour, or the employer cannot afford to pay the employee.

## References
Firing

**Firing** may mean:

* Dismissal (employment), when an employer suddenly ends employment 
* Firemaking, the act of starting a fire
* Burning; see combustion
* Shooting, specifically the discharge of firearms
* Execution by firing squad
* Pottery firing in a kiln or oven
* Pin firing, an old medical treatment applied to horses
* An action potential, where the depolarization of a neuron causes it to "fire" off an electrical signal down its axon
* Any material (such as firewood) that can be burned as fuel to release energy

## Related pages
*Fire and Fire (disambiguation)
*Fired (disambiguation)
*Firing squad (disambiguation)
*Fire-raising (disambiguation)
*Fire making
*Firestarter (disambiguation)
Xeno-canto

**Xeno-canto** is a science project. It is a website where volunteers can upload sounds of animals. The name xeno-canto means "strange sound".

The website was started in 2005. By May 2025 the collection had grown to over a million recordings.

Xeno-canto is run by the Xeno-canto Foundation.

In November 2024, Xeno-canto added  AvesEcho, an artificial intelligence algorithm. AvesEcho tries to identify European bird species from uploaded recordings.

By late 2024, the name Xeno-canto appeared in 5.000 scientific papers on Google Scholar.

## References
Hepatology

**Hepatology** is the branch of medicine that studies the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas as well as managing their disorders. Although traditionally considered a field of skills of gastroenterology, rapid expansion has led in some countries to doctors specializing solely on this area, who are called **hepatologists**.
Bob Vylan

**Bob Vylan** is an English punk rap group from London, which was first started in 2017 in Ipswich. Their work mixes punk, hip hop, grime, and hardcore. The group writes words criticising the British establishment, inequality, racism, sexism, and homophobia. The members are **Bobby Vylan** who sings and  plays guitar; and **Bobbie Vylan** on drums. Both names are stage names that the band members use to hide their real names.

Bob Vylan and Kneecap were investigated by Avon and Somerset Police for things they said at the 2025 Glastonbury Festival. The singer of Bob Vylan, Bobby, was heard saying "death, death to the IDF" on stage, which caused some upset because it was broadcast live in the UK by the BBC. The United States cancelled the visa for the two members to perform there after this.

During a concert in Amsterdam on 13 September of that year, the band called the recently assassinated American right-wing political activist, Charlie Kirk, an "absolute piece of shit" and to "rest in piss" (a distortion of the Christian phrase, "Rest in peace", which is used for the dead), caused the group more controversy.

The band led another "Death to the IDF" chant during the same concert. Bobby Vylan also told the audience "Fuck the fascists, fuck the Zionists. Go find them in the streets".

## References
Pygmoelian

"**Pygmoelian**" is the sixteenth episode of the eleventh season of ***The Simpsons***. It first aired on February 27, 2000.

## Other websites
*
*
Roman Catholic Diocese of Balanga

The **Roman Catholic Diocese of Balanga** (Latin: *Dioecesis Balangensis*) is a Roman Catholic diocese having jurisdiction in the province of Bataan, Philippines. It was established on March 17, 1975, canonically erected on November 8, 1975 which separated Bataan from the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of San Fernando in Pampanga, and part of the Ecclesiastical Province of San Fernando, Pampanga. The diocese's seat and bishop's office is Balanga Cathedral and residence is at 57 Paterno St., Balanga City, Bataan.

Its current bishop is Rufino Sescon, Jr., who is the diocese's fifth bishop since March 1, 2025.

## Bishops of Balanga (official and temporary)
## References
Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest

Ireland has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 58 times since its debut in . Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) is the Irish broadcaster. Ireland had missed only two contests: , and .

Ireland's seven victories was achieved with the following songs:
*Dana — All Kinds of Everything ()
*Johnny Logan — What's Another Year ()
*Johnny Logan — Hold Me Now ()
*Linda Martin — Why Me? ()
*Niamh Kavanagh — In Your Eyes ()
*Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan — Rock 'n' Roll Kids ()
*Eimear Quinn — The Voice ()

## Participation overview 
## Hostings 
Ireland has hosted the contest seven times, six times in Dublin (, , , , , ), and one time in Milstreet ().

## Notes 
## References
Your Mama Don't Dance

'''Your Mama Don't Dance''' is a blues rock song from 1972. It is by the singers Loggins and Messina.

It is about parents in the 1950s and 60s not liking rock and roll music. It also talks about the teenagers back then being rebellious and having sex in the backseat of cars. 

The Bootleg Family Band sang a version of the song in 1973. Y&T also sang a version of it in 1985. Finally, the glam metal band Poison sang a version of it in 1989.

## References
Afar people

The **Afar** (), also known as the **Danakil**, **Adali,Teltal, and** **Odali**, are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the southern coast of Eritrea. They inhabit the Southern Red Sea Region of Eritrea, the Afar Region of Ethiopia, and the Tadjourah and Obock Regions of Djibouti. The Afar speak the Afar language, which is part of the  Afroasiatic language family.

## Location 
The Afar people inhabit the Southern Red Sea Region in Eritrea, the Afar Region of Ethiopia, and the Tadjourah Region and Obock Region of Djibouti.

## Society 
The Afar people are divided into two classes : Asaimara (“The Red Ones”) and Adoimara (“The White Ones”). Cooperation in larger units is only induced by warfare. The Àfars think their color designations (Asaimara, and Adoimara) came from the reddish soil of the interior desert and the white saline coastal soils.

## Clothing and adornment 
The Afar tribe is famous for its elaborately curled ‘dayto’ do and the butter-covered ‘asdago’ afro styles.  The Afar wear brightly colored wraps. The Afar men carry the jile, a famous curved knife. Afar women intricately braid their hair in tight, fine plaits, often incorporating beads, shells or small coins.

## Salt trade 
The Afar are known for the salt trade. They mine the salt and break the salt using simple tools, like axes or sticks, to break it into large slabs or blocks (amole). Workers shape and smooth out the salt so they are ready for trade. These slabs (amole) are then loaded onto camels or donkeys, and they form long caravans. The caravans travel for days or weeks to towns and markets in the Ethiopian highlands. Historically, salt was used as money in the form of amole salt bars. Salt mining still provides income for the Afar people. 

## References
The China Quarterly

***The China Quarterly*** is a scholarly journal that publishes research about China. It covers topics in politics, history, sociology, culture, law, and the economy. The journal focuses mainly on modern and contemporary China, including the People’s Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and overseas Chinese communities.

The journal is published four times a year by Cambridge University Press. It is one of the most respected academic journals in the field of China studies. It is read by scholars, students, and people interested in Chinese affairs around the world.

## History 
*The China Quarterly* was first published in 1960 in London. It was started by the Congress for Cultural Freedom, an organization that supported free expression during the Cold War. In the 1970s, the journal became fully academic and independent. Today, it is published on behalf of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London.

## References
SOAS University of London

The **School of Oriental and African Studies** (**SOAS University of London**) is a public research university in London, England, and a member institution of the federal University of London. It was founded in 1916. SOAS is one of the world's leading institutions for the study of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

## References
Rockstar San Diego

**Rockstar San Diego, Inc.** (formerly **Angel Studios, Inc.**) is an American video game developer owned by Rockstar Games since 2002. They are best known for developing the *Red Dead* series, as well as the Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE).
Rockstar Advanced Game Engine

The **Rockstar Advanced Game Engine** (**RAGE**), is a proprietary game engine developed by Rockstar San Diego's **RAGE Technology Group**. It is based off of it's predecessor, Angel Game Engine.
RK Hemabati

**RK Hemabati** (, born December 23, 1957) is an Indian veteran actress from Manipur, known for her roles in Meitei language films and theatre. She gained early recognition for her performances as a lead actress in Manipuri cinema during the 1970s and later transitioned to character roles, particularly portraying maternal figures. Hemabati is also a writer and radio drama scriptwriter, with decades of contribution to the arts in Manipur.

## Early life and education 
RK Hemabati was born in Nongmeibung Wangkheirakpam Leikai, Imphal, Manipur to R.K. Sanatomba and Ngangbisija Devi. She is the fourth of eight siblings. She completed her early education at Mutum Leikai LP School and passed her matriculation from Ananda Singh Higher Secondary School in 1970–71. She graduated from GP Women’s College in 1975.
* Khamba Thoibi (1997) - as Khamnu
* Thamoinadi Kouhouri (2001)
* Kaboklei (2009)
* Nungshit Mapi (2015)
* TORO (2015)
* Mandalay Mathel (2017)
* Wakching Thagi Sanarei (2020)
* Ngamnaba Lanphamse (2024)
* Lonthoktaba Thamoi (2025)

## Related pages 
* Mangka Mayanglambam
* OC Meira

## References
United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest

The United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 67 times since its debut in . The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the British broadcaster. United Kingdom had missed only two contests:  and .

The United Kingdom's five victories was achieved with the following songs:
*Sandie Shaw — Puppet on a String ()
*Lulu — Boom Bang-a-Bang ()
*Brotherhood of Man — Save Your Kisses for Me ()
*Bucks Fizz — Making Your Mind Up ()
*Katrina and the Waves — Love Shine a Light ()

## Participation overview 
## Hostings 
The United Kingdom has hosted the contest nine times, four times in London (, , , , one time in Edinburgh (), one time in Brighton (), one time in Harrogate (), one time in Birmingham () and one time in Liverpool ()

The BBC had helped hosted contests in countries like the Netherlands , France , Monaco , and Luxembourg . In , the BBC hosted the contest for Ukraine due to Russia's war.

## Notes 
## References
Keisham Kuber

**Keisham Kuber** (born July 17, 1958), or **Kuber Keisham**, mononymously known as **Kuber**, is a veteran Indian actor, comedian, theatre artist, writer, environmental activist, from Manipur. Known for his performances in Meitei language films, dramas, and the traditional Shumang Kumhei theatre, he has received public recognition for his humorous acting style. He is popularly known as **"Huis Laobi Kuber"** for his signature catchphrase *“Huis! Huis!”* in a Nokphade play *Khangenphamda Ngairi*.
In the 2000s, Keisham Kuber became a well known figure in Meitei cinema’s digital era, often portraying roles in queer characters in comedic ways, showing humiliation, derogatory remarks, and ridicule, especially in movies including *Eigidi Thawaini, Huranbado Mapuni, and Thajadaba Mitkuptuda*, that reinforced stereotypes and contributed to the marginalization of the LGBTQ community, as the *"objects of mockery"*.
Other than onscreen activities, he is also known for working in environmental conservation efforts, like participating in the tree plantation drives.

## Early life and education 
Keisham Kuber was born in Top Khongnangkhong, Imphal East, Manipur, to Keisham Gouramani Singh and Keisham Ongbi Leirikmacha Devi. He is the youngest of five siblings, with two sisters and two elder brothers. He completed his matriculation from Lamphel High School in 1978 and graduated from Modern College in 1982. He is married and has three children: Kapil, Kapila, and Kripa.

He continues to be an active member of the Shumang Leela community.

## Writing career 
Besides acting, Kuber is also a writer. He published a poetry book titled Mirang Thuraba Til in 1985. He has also written around 43 short stories, many of which were published in the Sanaleibak daily newspaper.

## Related pages 
* Traditional Meitei theatre
* Modern Meitei theatre
* Meitei literature
* Oinam Bijando
* RK Hemabati
* Bishesh Huirem
* Beoncy Laishram

## References
Thangbi Lanthaba

**Thangbi Lanthaba** was a Meitei monarch of the Ningthouja dynasty (Manipur Kingdom) of Ancient Kangleipak (now Manipur). He ruled from 1302 CE to 1324 CE.

## Military campaigns 
### Battle with Marings 
**Thangbi Lanthaba** with his soldiers, attacked the *Maring* tribes. They captured *Maring Manatol* (the sword smith of their village), *Thingkari* who looked like a woman, and *Haonu Leihoubi* (the maiden), and *Leihouba* (husband of the maiden), and *Khanglak Lanthouyang.*

### Battle with Loipi tribes 
**Thangbi Lanthaba** and his soldiers also attacked the *Loipi* tribes at *Shekhu hill* in the south and were victorious. They captured *Tengkongbi* and *Marem Namngaba*.

## See also 
* Sanongba Lasumthomba
* Ningthouja dynasty
* List of Meitei kings

## References
2004 U.S. Open (golf)

The **2004 United States Open Championship** was the 104th U.S. Open. The tournament was on June 17–20 at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club in Shinnecock Hills, New York. Retief Goosen won his second U.S. Open tournament. He was 2 strokes ahead of 2nd place, Phil Mickelson, the Masters 

The tournament was late on Sunday. The weather was dry and windy. Goosen's last U.S. Open win was in 2001 in Southern Hills.

## References
## Other websites
*USOpen.com – 2004
Kaloula pulchra

The **Malayan bullfrog**, **Mayalsian narrowmouth toad**, **banded bullfrog**, **Ceylon Kaloula**, **digging frog**, **painted bullfrog**, **Asian painted bullfrog**, **beautiful painted frog**, **painted microhylid frog**, **painted balloon frog**, **piebald digging frog**, **common Asian bullfrog**, **painted burrowing frog**, **painted frog**, **Hainan digging frog**, **Asiatic painted frog**, or **banded bullfrog** (*Kaloula pulchra*) is a species of toad. It lives in Malaysia, Macao, Laos, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Myanmar, China, Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore. People also brought it to Taiwan and the Phillippines.

## Body
The adult male frog is 54-70 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog 57-75 mm long. The skin of its back is brown in color, sometimes with yellow spots. There is a dark stripe from each eye down most of the back. There is a yellow or orange stripe next to it. Sometimes the orange stripes has spots. The frog's belly is dirty yellow-brown. The male frog has a black throat.

When this frog is in danger, it makes itself big like a balloon.  This frog also makes sticky material in its skin. Scientists think this makes the frog taste bad to animals that want to eat it, but it is not poison.

## Home
This frog can live near humans, on farms, and in towns. In wild places, it lives in wet places, next to rivers, and on the outsides of forests.  This frog is awake at night. It can dig holes and climb into trees. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 750 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in many protected parks, for example Kerinci Seblat National Park and Lore Lindu National Park.

## Food
People have seen this frog eat grasshoppers, moths, ants, and other animals with no bones.

## Young
The male frog sits next to a pool of water and calls to the female frogs. The female frog lays eggs in pools, usually pools that dry up later. She can lay 4000 eggs at a time. The eggs float on top of the water. The female can lay eggs two times each year. The tadpoles stay tadpoles for twenty days. Then they climb out of the pool.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Human beings sometimes catch this frog for food or to sell as a pet, but scientists do not think this is a big problem.

## References
Wycliffe (TV series)

***Wycliffe*** is a TV show from the United Kingdom. It was filmed in Cornwall. It was on ITV from 1993 to 1998. The show was based on a series of murder mystery books by W. J. Burley. The main character is a detective. 
## References
Evolution (Martina McBride album)

***Evolution*** is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Martina McBride. It was released in August 26, 1997.

## Track listing
Urban Cavite

**Urban Cavite**, is a proposal metropolitan urban area planning in the province of Cavite composing of five cities and three municipalities of Bacoor, Carmona, Dasmariñas, General Mariano Alvarez, General Trias, *Imus*, Kawit and Trece Martires located at the western vicinity of province respectively. It is situated adjacent south of Metro Manila the capital in the Philippines, Its administrative center is *Imus* and the largest city is "Dasmariñas".

## Gallery

File:Bacoor Blvd, Cavite, Apr 2024.jpg|Bacoor
File:Carmona,Cavitejf9599 02.JPG|Carmona
File:Aguinaldo Hway, Dasmariñas, Cavite, Feb 2025 (1).jpg|*Dasmariñas City*
File:GeneralTrias,Cavitejf2747 10.JPG|General Trias
File:Imusjf0598 08.JPG|**Imus**
File:TreceMartiresjf0078 10.JPG|Trece Martires

## Related pages
* Metro Batangas
* Urban Laguna

## Reference