open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Uladzimir Zhuravel

**Uladzimir Ivanavich Zhuravel** (; ; 9 June 1971 – 18 November 2018) was a Belarusian professional football player and coach. He made his professional debut in the Soviet Top League in 1990 for FC Dinamo Minsk. He played for the national team from 1992 to 1997. He was born in Semipalatinsk, Kazakh SSR. In 2018 he was a head coach in Shakhter Karagandy.

Zhuravel died from cardiac arrest on 18 November 2018 in Minsk at the age of 47.

## References
Betty Bumpers

**Betty Lou Flanagan Bumpers** (January 11, 1925 &ndash; November 23, 2018) was an American health activist and civil servant. She was the First Lady of Arkansas, from 1971 to 1975. 

She was an activist for childhood immunizations and world peace. She and Rosalynn Carter ran a successful campaign to ensure that all American school children were immunized. She was also the widow of Dale Bumpers, former State governor and U.S. Senator.

Bumpers died on November 23, 2018 from complications of dementia and a broken hip in Little Rock, Arkansas at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Betty Bumpers Childhood Immunization Project Papers, University of Arkansas Libraries Special Collections
Kayo Dottley

**John Albert "Kayo" Dottley** (August 25, 1928 &ndash; November 17, 2018) was an American football fullback in the National Football League. He played for the Chicago Bears from 1951 to 1953. He was born in Birmingham, Alabama.

Dottley died at a hospital in Vicksburg, Mississippi from complications of pneumonia on November 17, 2018 at the age of 90.

## References
Insight Hospital and Medical Center

]]
**Insight Hospital and Medical Center**, formerly known as **Mercy Hospital and Medical Center** is a 292-bed general medical and surgical Catholic teaching hospital in Near South Side, Chicago, Illinois. It was built in 1852. 

The hospital was the first chartered hospital in Chicago. In 1859, Mercy Hospital became the first Catholic hospital to affiliate with a medical school—Lind Medical School—and the first to require a graded curriculum. 

Mercy also is the hospital used by the Daley family: all of their children were born there. Mercy sold a plot of land to the north of their hospital for 60 million dollars in 2008. It is also the main women's cancer center in Illinois. 

It accepted patients from Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center and absorbed the ambulance routes when the hospital closed in 2008. In 2012, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center was ranked #35 for all hospitals in the State of Illinois and #27 in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report.

On November 19, 2018, four people were shot near the hospital.

Robert Francis Prevost, the future Pope Leo XIV, was born at Mercy in 1955.

## References
Nanglo

**Nanglo** is a flat round  tray. It is made up of bamboo. It is made up of thin bamboo pieces called *Choya*. To make Nanglo, *Choya*s are joined together at the right angles like woven threads. It is used to separate dust particles from paddy, rice, dal, beans, and other grains (winnowing). Nanglo is a part of almost every Nepali kitchen. It is mostly used in villages but it can also be found in large cities as well.

## References
David A. Granger

Brigadier **David Arthur Granger** (born 15 July 1945) is a Guyanese politician and retired military officer. He was President of Guyana from 2015 to 2020. He was Commander of the Guyana Defence Force and National Security Adviser from 1990 to 1992. He was Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly of Guyana from 2012 to 2015.

In November 2018, Granger was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

In 2020, he lost his re-election bid to Irfaan Ali.

## References
President of Guyana

The **President of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana** is the head of state and the head of government of Guyana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic, according to the Constitution of Guyana.

The President is also the Chancellor of the Orders of Guyana.

## List of presidents
;Status

## Living former leaders
## References
Hamilton Green

**Hamilton Green** (born 9 November 1934) is Guyanese politician and once Prime Minister of Guyana.

He was a member of People's National Congress and chosen as one of the five Vice Presidents in the cabinet of Forbes Burnham in October 1980. He also served as the Prime Minister of Guyana from 6 August 1985 to 9 October 1992.

## References
Central, South Carolina

**Central** is a town in Pickens County, South Carolina, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,247. It got its name from its geographic location, being the halfway or central point between Atlanta and Charlotte. The main campus of Southern Wesleyan University is located east of the downtown area.

## References
Mette-Marit

**Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway** (born **Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby**, , on 19 August 1973) is the wife of Crown Prince Haakon, heir apparent to the throne of Norway.

She was a controversial figure at the time of her engagement to Haakon in 2000. She became crown princess of Norway upon her marriage in 2001. In this role, she has championed humanitarian projects and arts, as well as taking part in official visits at home and abroad. 

In October 2018 she was diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis, which will limit her official programs.

## Titles and honours 
* 19 August 1973-25 August 2001: Miss Mette-Marit Tjessem Hoiby
* 25 August 2001: Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess of Norway

### National Honors and Medals 
* Norway: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Olav
* Norway: Dame of the Royal Family Decoration of King Harald V
* Norway: Recipient of the Medal of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of King Olav V
* Norway: Recipient of the Royal House Centenary Medal
* Norway: Recipient of the King Harald V Silver Jubilee Medal

### Foreign Honors 
* Austria: Grand Cross, 1st Class of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
* Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
* Bulgaria: Grand Cross of the Order of the Balkan Mountains 
* Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant
* Estonia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, Grand Cross of the Order of the White Star
* Finland:  Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
* France: Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour (23 June 2025) 
* Germany: Grand Cross 1st Class of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
* Iceland: Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon
* Italy: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
* Japan: Dame Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
* Latvia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Recognition 
* Lithuania: Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great
* Luxembourg: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau
* Netherlands: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau, Recipient of the King Willem-Alexander Inauguration Medal
* Poland: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
* Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Infante Henry
* Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
* Sweden: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star

## References
Bolingbrook, Illinois

The village of **Bolingbrook** is a southwest suburb of Chicago that is partially in both Will and DuPage counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 US Census, the population is 73,922. It is the state's second largest village.

## References
Arlington Heights, Illinois

**Arlington Heights** is a village in Cook County in the U.S. state of Illinois. A suburb of Chicago, it lies about  northwest of the city's downtown. The population was 77,676 at the 2020 census. It is the largest village in the United States.

## References
Heather Nauert

**Heather Ann Nauert** (born January 27, 1970) is an American journalist and government official. She was the Spokesperson for the United States Department of State from April 24, 2017 until April 3, 2019, appointed by President Donald Trump. 

Nauret is a former ABC News correspondent and news presenter on the Fox News program *Fox & Friends*. She also was Acting Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs from March to October 2018.

On November 1, 2018, it was reported that President Trump offered Nauert the position of United States Ambassador to the United Nations to replace the outgoing officeholder, Nikki Haley. On December 7, 2018, President Trump nominated her to replace Haley. She withdrew her nomination on February 16, 2019.

## References
## Other websites
* "Nauert, Heather: Biography". U.S. Department of State.
* "Nauert, Heather: Biography on IMDB"
* 
*
Stephanie Charles

**Stephanie Charles** (born May 24, 1979) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Nyla Payne in ''Tyler Perry's The Paynes*.

## Career
In 2018, she played the role of Nyla Payne on the OWN sitcom, *Tyler Perry's The Paynes''. Her character is Nyla.

## Filmography 
### Television 
## Other websites 
*
Robert Catesby

**Robert Catesby** (3 March 1572 – 8 November 1605) was a conspirator and leader of group who planned the Gunpowder Plot, but failed.

## References
Markice Moore

**Markice Moore**, also known as **Kesan**, (born July 31, 1986) is an American actor, rapper and Reality TV star. He is best known for playing Ryan Payne in ''Tyler Perry's The Paynes''

## Career
Moore is known for MTV's ''From G's to Gents'' (Season 1) and Warner Bros. Pictures' *ATL*.  He is best known from punching fellow cast member E6 in the face during the reunion episode of MTV's ''From G's To Gents* (Season 1).

In 2012, Moore portrayed Andrew on *The Walking Dead* television series. Moore had originally auditioned for the pilot episode for the role of T-Dog, which went to IronE Singleton.

In 2018, he earned the role of Ryan Payne on the OWN sitcom, *Tyler Perry's The Paynes''. Moore's character, Ryan.

## Legal problems
In 2010, Moore was charged with cruelty to children, after police investigators determined that he assaulted his infant daughter.

In 2011 the charges against Moore were suspended. He went on to marry his child's mother and had another baby girl.

## Filmography 
### Television 
### Movie 
## References
## Other websites 
* 
* http://www.facebook.com/therealkesan
* 
* Markice Moore at MySpace
Arthyde, Minnesota

**Arthyde** is an unincorporated community in Aitkin County, Minnesota. Arthyde was previously known as Millward. In 1909, it was renamed to honor the names of two pioneer brothers, Arthur (1876-1960) and Clyde Hutchins (1878-1950). The Arthyde Stone House, built around 1922, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## References
JD McCrary

**JayDon McCrary** (born July 18, 2007) is an American singer, dancer and actor from Los Angeles, California. He is currently starring in ''Tyler Perry's The Paynes* as Kenny Payne on the Oprah Winfrey Network. He also provided the voice of Young Simba in a remake of the Disney movie *The Lion King* (2019).

## Career 
McCrary began his acting career in 2015 at age 8 on *K.C. Undercover'', where he appeared on two episodes. In 2016, he made a guest appearance on Childish Gambino's song "Terrified". In 2017, he later appeared on ''I'm Dying Up Here* and *Teachers* as minor roles. He then had live performances on *Little Big Shots'' singing The Jackson 5's "I Want You Back", *The Ellen Show* singing "Who's Loving You", and the 60th Annual Grammy Awards to support Childish Gambino's "Terrified".

McCrary stars in ''Tyler Perry's The Paynes'' on the Oprah Winfrey Network. McCrary officially joined the Disney/Hollywood Records.

In an interview with Vibe magazine, McCrary cited Michael Jackson as his biggest influence, as well as Stevie Wonder, Bruno Mars, Justin Bieber, and Chris Brown.

## Discography 
### Singles 
### Guest appearances 
## Filmography 
### Movie 
### Television 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Sanai Victoria

**Sanai Victoria** (born January 15, 2007) is an American actor from Los Angeles, California. She is currently starring in ''Tyler Perry's The Paynes'' as Lynn Payne on the Oprah Winfrey Network.

## Other websites 
*
Jay Weatherill

**Jay Wilson Weatherill** (born 3 April 1964) is an Australian politician. He was the 45th Premier of South Australia from 21 October 2011 to 19 March 2018, from the Labor Party.

## References
Steven Marshall

**Steven Spence Marshall** (born 21 January 1968) is the 46th Premier of South Australia. He became Premier 19 March 2018, from the Liberal Party.

## References
Edward M. Burke

**Edward M. "Ed" Burke** (born December 29, 1943) is an American politician. He was an alderman of the 14th Ward of the City of Chicago. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Burke was first elected to the Chicago City Council in 1969, and represents part of the city's Southwest Side. Burke has been called Chicago's "most powerful alderman" by the *Chicago Sun-Times*. Burke was named one of the "100 Most Powerful Chicagoans" by *Chicago Magazine*.

Burke was the longest-serving aldermen in Chicago history. Burke decided not to run in the 2023 election, ending a record 14-term tenure on the City Council.

Burke was the lead partner in a law firm that works in property tax appeals. On November 29, 2018, Burke's office at Chicago City Hall and his Aldermanic ward office were seized by federal agents, who ejected staff and papered over the doors and windows. On December 21, 2023, Burke was found guilty by a federal jury on 13 of 14 counts of racketeering, bribery, and extortion. On June 24, 2024, Burke was sentenced to two years in prison and a $2 million fine. 

## References
Nafisa Ali

**Nafisa Ali** (born 18 January 1957) is an Indian Bengali actress, activist and politician. She is a member of the Indian National Congress. Nafisa was born in Kolkata, West Bengal.

She has acted in several Bollywood movies, the notable ones being *Junoon* (1979) with Shashi Kapoor, *Major Saab* with Amitabh Bachchan (1998), *Bewafaa* (2005), *Life In A... Metro* (2007) and *Yamla Pagla Deewana* (2010) with Dharmendra.

In November 2018, Nafisa was diagnosed with stage 3 peritoneal and ovarian cancer.

## References
## Other websites
*
*An interview with Nafisa Ali
*A write-up on Nafisa Ali
*Nafeesa Ali's website
Sheila Miyoshi Jager

**Sheila Miyoshi Jager** (born 1963) is an American historian. She is a Professor of East Asian Studies at Oberlin College. She is the author of two books on Korea and the co-editor of a third book on Asian nations in the post-Cold War era.  She is known for her relationship with Barack Obama before his marriage with Michelle Obama.

In the 1980s, Jager lived with Barack Obama, then a community organizer in Chicago. In 1986, Obama asked her parents if he could marry her, but they rejected. Shortly after he entered the Harvard Law School, Obama proposed to Jager a second time, but she rejected him.

## References
Mercy Hospital shooting

]]
On November 19, 2018, a mass shooting took place at the Mercy Hospital and Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois. An attending physician, a pharmaceutical assistant, a Chicago Police officer and the perpetrator were killed.

Local authorities identified the suspect as a 32-year-old man who was killed by police. The perpetrator was discovered within the hospital at around 3:20 p.m. and shot in the head.

## References
LaVan Davis

**LaVan Davis** (born September 21, 1966) is an American singer, comedian, and actor best known for his starring role as Curtis Payne on the TBS comedy-drama ''Tyler Perry's House of Payne* and on the OWN comedy-drama *Tyler Perry's The Paynes''. Davis has also played many roles in Tyler Perry's various productions.

## Career
Davis' acting career began in 2004 with his first role as Leroy in the film, *Mindbenders*. In 2005, he made a guest appearance in a two episodes of *Everybody Hates Chris* as a preacher. The following year, Davis was cast as the  cranky patriarch of the Payne family, Curtis Payne, in the TBS sitcom ''Tyler Perry's House of Payne*. Davis worked with Perry again in two of his feature films including *Daddy's Little Girls* in 2007 and *Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns* in 2008.

In addition to his work in films and television, Davis has also appeared in the stage plays *Why Did I Get Married?* as Poppy, and *Madea Goes to Jail'' as Leo.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
*
Cassi Davis

**Cassandra Davis Patton** (born July 11, 1964) is an American actress and singer who is best known for her role as Ella Payne on ''Tyler Perry's House of Payne and its spin-off series The Paynes''. She has also starred in several other productions under the direction of Tyler Perry.

## Life and career
Born in Holly Springs, Mississippi, Davis' acting career began in 1988 with her role in the Spike Lee film *School Daze*. Her early television credits include appearances on *Living Single*, *Married... with Children*, *Kenan & Kel*, *Boycott*, and ''The PJ's*. She established her acting career by appearing in Tyler Perry productions such as *Madea's Family Reunion*, *Madea Goes to Jail*, *Daddy's Little Girls'', and Tyler Perry's House of Payne.

Davis attended Spelman College in Atlanta and majored in music. She left the college one credit short of graduation, because she was not allowed to perform religious music during her senior recital. Davis returned to Spelman in 2008 to complete her degree, graduating in November of that year.

She has credited her devout, born-again Christian faith as the main reason behind her professional success.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
## References
## Other websites
*
Gilmer McCormick

**Gilmer McCormick** (born March 13, 1947) is an American actress and singer, best known for her performance in the stage and film versions of *Godspell* in the early 1970s and for her role as Sister Margaret in *Silent Night, Deadly Night*.

Born in Louisville, Kentucky, she graduated from Moravian Academy in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1965. She attended Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.

## References
## Other websites
*
Adrenal tumor

An **adrenal tumor** or **adrenal mass** is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland. They are known to overproduce endocrine hormones. 

**Adrenal cancer** is when there are malignant adrenal tumors, and includes neuroblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma and some adrenal pheochromocytomas. Most adrenal pheochromocytomas and all adrenocortical adenomas are benign tumors, which do not metastasize or destroy nearby tissues, but may cause significant health problems by unbalancing hormones.

## References
Storting

The **Storting** ( , 'the great assembly') is the parliament of Norway. It was created in 1814 by the Constitution of Norway. It is located in Oslo. The unicameral parliament has 169 members, and is elected every four years based on party-list proportional representation in nineteen constituencies. 

A member of the Storting is known in Norwegian as a *stortingsrepresentant*, literally "Storting representative". 

History: The first time that a woman became a member of parliament (Norway), was in 1911, Anna Rogstad.

The country's budget (for 2026), was passed in December 2025; The parties that passed that law, were Centre Party, Socialist Left, Red, MDG, and the Labour Party. Those parties make up a coalition known as the "tutti frutti coalition" [named after a a colorful topping for soft serve].

Earlier (November 2025), there was agreement to pass (another or) a law; Then, the political parties that got a majority, were Centre Party, Progress Party, Conservative Party and Liberal Party. Those parties have agreed about having a a law proposed.

## Political groups 
These political parties have been represented in the Storting since the 2025 election:

* **Labour Party** – 53 seats
* **Progress Party** – 48 seats
* **Conservative Party** – 24 seats
* **Centre Party** – 9 seats
* **Socialist Left** – 9 seats
* **Red Party** – 9 seats
* **Green Party** – 7 seats
* **Christian Democratic Party** – 7 seats
* **Liberal Party** – 3 seats

## References
Demetria McKinney

**Demetria Dyan McKinney** (born August 27, 1979) is an American actress, model and singer.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Jackée Harry

**Jacqueline Yvonne Harry**, also known as **Jackée**, (born August 14, 1956) is an American actress, singer, comedian, and director. She is best known for her role as Sandra Clark *227*. She is the first African-American to win an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
*
William Mullan

**William Joseph Mullan** (30 March 1928 – 13 November 2018) was a Scottish football referee. He was born in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. In 1962, Mullan became a referee in the Scottish Division One. Three years later, he was appointed as a FIFA referee. In 1972, Mullan was selected as a referee for UEFA Euro 1972.

Mullan died on 13 November 2018 in Edinburgh, Scotland at the age of 90.

## References
Sigmund Steinnes

**Sigmund Steinnes** (19 January 1959 – 15 November 2018) was a Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He was born in Nordnes, Norway. In the 2013 elections, he was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Troms. In the 2011 elections he was elected as the mayor of Storfjord.  

Steinnes died of pancreatic cancer on 15 November 2018 in Oslo, aged 59.

## References
Scott English

**Scott English** (born **Sheldon David English**; January 10, 1937 – November 16, 2018) was an American  songwriter and record producer. He was born in New York City.

English was best known as the co-writer of "Brandy" with Richard Kerr. This song became a No. 1 hit for Barry Manilow in 1974, under the revised title of "Mandy". English had also released a single of "Brandy", which reached No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart in November 1971.

His other best known works were  "Hi Ho Silver Lining", "Bend Me, Shape Me", "Help Me Girl" and "Where Are You?" (which was used by the United Kingdom in the 1998 Eurovision Contest).

English died on November 16, 2018 in London at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
*A sample of Scott English singing "Brandy"  (1971)
Hiromasa Yonekura

was a Japanese businessman. He was chairman of Sumitomo Chemical and was also the chairman of the Japan Business Federation (*Nippon Keidanren*). He remained in this position until 2009, when he became chairman of the board. He was born in Kobe, Japan.

Yonekura died on November 16, 2018 in Tokyo at the age of 81.

## References
Allen Payne

**Allen Payne** (born July 7, 1968) is an American actor. He is known for his role as C.J. Payne on the hit BET sitcom ''Tyler Perry's House of Payne'' television show.

## Other websites 
*
Alí Rodríguez Araque

**Alí Rodríguez Araque** (9 September 1937 – 19 November 2018) was a Venezuelan politician, lawyer, and diplomat. He was born in Ejido, Mérida, Venezuela.

He was the leader of the party Patria Para Todos. He worked under the Hugo Chávez administration, such as oil advisor, General Secretary of OPEC, President of Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA), Minister of External Relations and Ambassador to Cuba. He was appointed as Minister of Finance in June 2008. His last occupation was Ambassador of Venezuela from 2014 until his death in 2018.

Rodríguez Araque died on 19 November 2018 in Havana, Cuba from a heart attack at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Roy Bailey (folk singer)

**Roy Bailey**,  (20 October 1935 – 20 November 2018) was an English socialist folk singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was known for his songs "Songs of Life from a Dying British Empire" and "Gentle Men". He worked with Robb Johnson. Bailey was born in London.

Bailey died on 20 November 2018 in Sheffield, England from heart failure at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fluorescence microscope

A **fluorescence microscope** is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence and phosphorescence to study organic or inorganic substances.  "Fluorescence microscope" means any microscope that uses fluorescence to make a picture. This applies whether it is a more simple set up or a more complicated design.

Most fluorescence microscopes, especially those used in the life sciences, are of the epifluorescence design shown in the diagram. Light of the excitation wavelength illuminates the specimen through the objective lens. The fluorescence emitted by the specimen is focused onto the detector. The dichroic beamsplitter acts as a wavelength specific filter, transmitting fluoresced light through to the eyepiece or detector, but reflecting any remaining excitation light back towards the source.

## References
Apisai Ielemia

**Apisai Ielemia** (19 August 1955 – 19 November 2018) was a Tuvaluan politician. He was the tenth Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 2006 to 2010, and was returned as a member of parliament in 2010. He was re-elected to parliament in 2015. 

On 5 October 2016, the High Court of Tuvalu declared that Ielemia’s parliamentary seat was vacant as he was not qualified to be a member of parliament, following his conviction on 6 May 2016 in the Magistrate’s Court of charges of abuse of office during the final year of his term as Prime Minister. Ielemia said he believed himself to be a member of parliament. Ielemia challenged the decision in 2017.

## References
Enele Sopoaga

**Enele Sosene Sopoaga** PC (born 10 February 1956) is a Tuvaluan politician. He was the 12th Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 2013 until 2019.

## References
## Other websites
Prime Minister of Tuvalu

The **Prime Minister of Tuvalu** is the head of government of Tuvalu. Because of Tuvalu's constitution, the prime minister must always be a member of the Parliament, and is elected by parliament in a secret ballot.

Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of parliament can be nominated for the role. After the parliament vote, the Governor-General of Tuvalu must swear in the prime minister.

The office of prime minister was created when Tuvalu gained independence in 1978. Several former prime ministers have been appointed the Governor-General of Tuvalu.

## List of prime ministers
# Tuilimu served as acting prime minister following the death of Ionatana.  

## References
Tomasi Puapua

**Sir Tomasi Puapua**  (born 10 September 1938) is a Tuvaluan politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1981 to 1989 and then Governor-General of Tuvalu from 1998 to 2003. In 1998, he was made a Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) for services to medicine, politics and the community.

## References
Kamuta Latasi

**Sir Kamuta Latasi**  (born September 4, 1936) is a Tuvaluan politician. He was elected to the Parliament of Tuvalu in 1992. Latasi was the 4th Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1993 until 1996. He was the Speaker of parliament from 2006 to September 2010 and again from December 2010   to March 2014.

## References
White currant

The **white currant**, or **whitecurrant** is a cultivar of the red currant. They are flowering plants in the family Grossulaceae native to Europe. Usually, they grow as a shrub and can reach a height of about  tall. The plants have palmate leaves, and masses of spherical, edible fruit (berries) in summer. The white currant differs from the red currant only in the colour and flavour of these fruits, which are a translucent white and sweeter.
It is sometimes mislabelled as *Ribes glandulosum*, (which is the skunk currant in USA).

## Cultivation
Unlike their close relative the blackcurrant, red and white currants are cultivated for their ornamental value as well as their berries.

Currant bushes grow best in partial to full sunlight and can be planted between November and March in well-drained, slightly neutral to acid soil. and 'White Pearl'.

The cultivar 'White Grape' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. There are also cultivars with yellow and pink fruit, called respectively yellow currants and pink currants.

The bushes can suffer from pests such as gooseberry sawfly and birds.

The berries are a good source of vitamins C and K, and are rich in iron, copper and manganese.

## Related pages 
* Redcurrant
* Blackcurrant
* Zante currant
* Gooseberry
* Jostaberry
* Currant

## References
## Other websites 
* http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/currants.html
American Wedding

**American Wedding** is a 2003 American sex comedy movie and a sequel to American Pie and American Pie 2. It is the third (originally intended final) installment in the *American Pie* theatrical series. It was written by Adam Herz and directed by Jesse Dylan. Another sequel, American Reunion, was released nine years later. This also stands as the last movie in the series to be written by Herz, who conceptualized the franchise.

## Cast 
* Jason Biggs as Jim Levenstein
* Molly Cheek as Mrs. Levenstein
* Alyson Hannigan as Michelle Flaherty
* January Jones as Cadence Flaherty
* Thomas Ian Nicholas as Kevin Myers
* Seann William Scott as Steve Stifler
* Eddie Kaye Thomas as Paul Finch
* Fred Willard as Harold Flaherty
* Eugene Levy as Noah Levenstein
* Deborah Rush as Mary Flaherty
* Jennifer Coolidge as Jeanine Stifler
* Eric Allan Kramer as Bear/Mr. Belvedere
* Angela Paton as Grandma Levenstein
* John Cho as John
* Justin Isfeld as Justin
Governor-General of Tuvalu

The **Governor-General of Tuvalu** is the representative of the Tuvaluan monarch (currently King Charles III) and performs the duties of the King in his absence.

The office has existed since Tuvalu was granted independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1978. The current incumbent is Tofiga Vaevalu Falani ().

## Governors-General of Tuvalu
## References
Primate city

**Primate cities** are cities which have more people and influence than any other city. Primate cites  have more than twice as many people than any other in the country. 

They are more important in resources, education, health care than the country's second largest city. Countries with primate cities often have inequality in its development, but richer countries as well as poorer countries can have primate cities.

An example of a rich country having a primate city is the United Kingdom, where its largest city London has over eight times as many people as its second largest city, Birmingham.

Bangkok is a primate city because its population is nine times bigger than the second largest city in Thailand. 70% of the country's resources go to Bangkok.

The United States has never had a primate city on a national level due to the decentralized nature of the country, and because the second largest city of the country is not far behind in population and GDP. New York City, which is the largest city and the largest economy in the United States, is for this reason not a primate city of the country. The metropolitan area of New York City has 21 million residents and Los Angeles has 16 million residents. 

Sub-national divisions can also have primate cities. For instance, New York City is New York State's primate city because its population is 32 times bigger than the second largest city of that state. New York City has 44% of the population and has 65% of the GDP of New York State.

## References
Jackson, Georgia

**Jackson** is a city in Butts County, Georgia, United States. The city is the county seat of Butts County. The population was 5,557 in 2020.

## References
Mac Collins

**Michael Allen "Mac" Collins** (October 15, 1944 – November 20, 2018) was an American politician. He was a Republican politician. Collins was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2005, representing  (previously  from 1993 to 2003). 

In 2004, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate loosing the nomination to Johnny Isakson. He was born in Jackson, Georgia.

Collins died on November 20, 2018 in Flovilla, Georgia at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Mac Collins papers at the University of West Georgia
Toaripi Lauti

**Sir Toaripi Lauti**  (28 November 1928 – 25 May 2014) was a Tuvaluan politician. He was chief minister of the Colony of Tuvalu (1975–78), as the first prime minister following Tuvalu's independence (1978-1981) and governor-general of Tuvalu (1990-1993).

## References
Shlomo Erell

**Shlomo Erell** (20 November 1920 – 20 November 2018) was an Israeli military personnel. He was a Major General in the IDF, and the seventh Commander of the Israeli Navy. He was born in Łódź, Poland. In the 1970s, he became a member of the Likud party and from time to time he was brought in by Israeli leaders as an advisor of Naval issues.

Erell died on 20 November 2018, on his 98th birthday.

## References
Anvar Khamei

**Anvar Khāmahʼī** (20 March 1917 – 20 November 2018) was an Iranian sociologist, economist, journalist, and politician. He wrote many books in his specialty fields, including his analytical and critical book *Revisionism from Marx to Mao Tse-Tung*. He was a university professor at the Université catholique de Louvain in Belgium.

Khamei was an activist of the Tudeh Party of Iran in the 1940s, but he quit in January 1948.

Khamei died on 20 November 2018 at the age of 101 from respiratory failure in Karaj, Iran.

## References
Eimuntas Nekrošius

**Eimuntas Nekrošius** (November 21, 1952 – November 20, 2018) was a Lithuanian theatre director. He was born in Pažobris village, Raseiniai district municipality, Lithuania. His career began in 1979. He worked with the Kaunas State Drama Theatre. A movie actor, Nekrošius was known for his role in *The Corridor*. He directed plays such as *Macbeth*, *Hamlet*, *The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years* and *Faust*.

On November 20, 2018, one day shy of his 66th birthday, Nekrošius died in Vilnius, Lithuania of a heart attack at the age of 65.

## References
## Other websites
* Recently directed plays and awards
* Review of play 'The Square' by The New York Times
* List of recorded performances
Meena Alexander

**Meena Alexander** (17 February 1951 – 21 November 2018) was an Indian poet, scholar, and writer. She was Distinguished Professor of English at Hunter College and at the CUNY Graduate Center in the PhD program in English.

She published two novels, *Nampally Road* (1991)—which was a Village Voice Literary Supplement Editor's Choice—and *Manhattan Music* (1997), and two academic studies, *The Poetic Self* (1979) and *Women in Romanticism* (1989). *Fault Lines* was chosen by *Publishers Weekly* as one of the best books of the year in 1993. *Illiterate Heart* won the 2002 PEN Open Book Award.

She died on November 21, 2018, at age 67, in New York City.

## References
Franklin's lost expedition

'''Franklin's lost expedition'* was a trip to find the Northwest Passage that was by Captain Sir John Franklin and left England in 1845 on two ships, HMS *Erebus* and HMS *Terror''. They were looking for a way to get from Europe to Asia by going through the last part of the Northwest Passage in the Canadian Arctic, but nobody had yet been able to travel through it. They were also looking at scientific data about the Earth's magnetic field. During the trip, the two ships were frozen in the Victoria Strait, near King William Island, in what is now the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Both ships were stuck in the ice for over a year before they were abandoned in April 1848. By then, 24 men, including Franklin, had died. After they abandoned the ships, the crew were led by Francis Crozier (the captain of HMS *Terror* and Franklin's second-in-command), and James Fitzjames (the captain of HMS *Erebus*). They set off to walk to the Canadian mainland, but everyone in the crew got lost or died.  

When the ships did not return to England, the Admiralty started looking for the missing expedition in 1848. In the decades afterwards, other searches found many things left behind by the expedition, including the bodies of two of the men. The bodies were brought back to Britain. Today, scientists think that the men did not all die quickly.

Hypothermia, starving, lead poisoning or zinc deficiency, diseases like scurvy, and other things such as not having the right sorts of clothes for where they were, killed everyone on the expedition in the years after they had left England. Some of the bones brought back to England had cut marks on them, which suggested that there was cannibalism after the men had left the ships. The Franklin searcher John Rae first said that may have happened in 1845.

## Search and discovery 
Many people have tried to look for Franklin and what has happened to his crew, but they were not found until later. Then bodies of three of the explorers (John Torrington, John Hartnell, and William Braine) were discovered. 

HMS *Erebus* was found in 2014 south of King William Island in Canada in Queen Maud Gulf. Two years later, HMS *Terror* was found in Terror Bay.

## References
Olivia Hooker

**Olivia J. Hooker** (February 12, 1915 – November 21, 2018) was an American psychologist and professor. She was a survivor of the Tulsa race massacre. She was the first African-American woman to enter the U.S. Coast Guard in February 1945. 
## Biography 
She was in the Coast Guard until her unit was disbanded in mid-1946. She later became a psychologist and a professor at Fordham University.

On November 21, 2018, Hooker died in White Plains, New York, at the age of 103.

## References
M. I. Shanavas

**M. I. Shanavas** (22 September 1951 – 21 November 2018) was an Indian politician. He was the working president of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee and a member of parliament of the 16th Lok Sabha of India from 2009 until his death in 2018. Shanavas was born in Kottayam, India. He was a member of the Indian National Congress.

Shanavas died on 21 November 2018 in Chennai, India following complications from a liver transplant at the age of 67.

## References
Lau Nai-keung

**Lau Nai-keung** SBS (, 1947 – 21 November 2018) was a Hong Kong academic, businessman, and politician. He was the chairman of Long View Cultural Services Limited, a research fellow at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, a member of the Basic Law Consultative Committee and the Commission on Strategic Development.

Lau was a member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference from 1987 to 2007.

Lau died on 21 November 2018 in Happy Valley, Hong Kong from colorectal cancer at the age of 71.

## References
Igor Korobov

Colonel general **Igor Valentinovich Korobov** (, 3 August 1956 – 21 November 2018) was a Russian intelligence officer. He was the Chief of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Russia's military intelligence agency from 2016 until his death in 2018. Korobov was born in Vyazma, a town in Russia's Smolensk Oblast.

On 29 December 2016, Korobov was one of the individuals sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury for "malicious cyber-enabled activities" threatening the national security of the United States.

## Death
Korobov died on 21 November 2018 after a long and serious illness in Moscow at the age of 62.

## References
Iakoba Italeli

**Sir Iakoba Taeia Italeli**, GCMG, is a Tuvaluan politician. He was the Governor-General of Tuvalu from 16 April 2010 until 22 August 2019. He is also a former Attorney General of Tuvalu who served from 2002 to 2006.

## References
John Hartnell

**John Hartnell** was an explorer in the Franklin Expedition (Franklin's Lost Expedition). He died early in the trip. 

## Death
Studies showed that Hartnell may have died from a zinc deficiency. 

## References
Baishnab Charan Parida

**Baishnab Charan Parida**  (15 February 1941 – 22 November 2018) was a BJD politician, writer and social activist. He was a Member of Rajya Sabha (the upper house of India's Parliament) and represented Odisha. He was a Socialist. Parida was born in Jajpur, Odisha.

Parida died on 22 November 2018 from liver cancer in Bhubaneshwar, India at the age of 77.

## References
Chicory

**Common chicory** (*Cichorium intybus*) is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family Asteraceae. It usually has bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink.

Chicory is grown as a forage crop for livestock. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and is now common in North America, China, and Australia, where it has become widely introduced. 

"Chicory" is also the common name in the United States for curly endive (*Cichorium endivia*). These two closely related species are often confused.

## References
Jose Peralta

**José Rafael Peralta** (November 10, 1971 – November 22, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in New York City. He was in the New York State Assembly and New York State Senate. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He last represented District 13 in the State Senate. He was elected in a landslide to the New York State Senate on March 16, 2010. 

Peralta died at the age of 47 on November 22, 2018 of a heart attack in New York City.

## References
Turing

**Turing** may refer to:

* Alan Turing, a computer scientist
* Turing test, a test to see if a computer can act like a person
* Turing machine, an idea in computer science
Soslan Andiyev

**Soslan Petrovich Andiyev** (, 21 April 1952 – 22 November 2018) was a heavyweight freestyle wrestler from Ossetia. 

He was an Olympic champion in 1976 and 1980, world champion in 1973, 1975, 1977 and 1978, European champion in 1974, 1975 and 1982, and Soviet champion in 1973–78 and 1980. He won the World Cup in 1976 and 1981, but missed the 1984 Olympics due to their boycott by the Soviet Union and retired the same year. 

After that he first worked as a national wrestling coach, but in 1989 returned to his native Ossetia to become a sports functionary.
 In 1990–98, he served as vice-president of the Russian Olympic Committee. 

In 2006 he was inducted into the FILA Wrestling Hall of Fame.

## References
Ring-necked snake

***Diadophis punctatus***, also called the **ring-necked snake,** is a species of snake. Ring-necked snakes live in eastern and central North America. There are many colors and patterns of ring-necked snake. It is called the ring-necked snake because it has a stripe around its neck that looks like a ring. 

Ring-necked snakes live in the United States, central Mexico, and southeastern Canada. Ring-necked snakes are nocturnal, which means that they are awake at night. Ring-necked snakes are a little venomous, but they do not hurt people. This is because they are small and do not bite people much. When ring-necked snakes are scared, they curl up their tails. 

Scientists think that there are many ring-necked snakes. Scientists do not know exactly how many ring-necked snakes there are. This is because scientists have not studied ring-necked snakes very much.  

Ring-necked snakes are the only species of snake in their genus. There are 14 subspecies of ring-necked snake. 

## Description
Ring-necked snakes are usually dark-colored, with a bright stripe around their necks.  Ring-necked snakes that live in different areas may look different. Their heads are usually darker-colored than the rest of their bodies.  Ring-necked snakes usually don't try to hurt bigger animals. Instead of biting bigger animals, the snake curls up its tail, showing its brightly colored stomach.

## Subspecies
There are 14 subspecies of ring-necked snake.

## Gallery

San Bernardino Ringneck Snake.jpg|The defensive display of a San Bernardino ring-necked snake
Diadophis punctatus punctatus.jpg|Southern ring-necked snake, *D. p. punctatus*
Diadophis punctatus map.svg|Diadophis punctatus map
Ring necked snake recently hatched, Missouri Ozarks.JPG|Newly hatched ring-necked snake, Missouri Ozarks.
Coral-bellied ring-necked snake.jpg|*D. p. pulchellus*, coralbelly ring-necked snake

## References
Corydoras panda

***Corydoras panda*** is a species of catfish. It is in the genus *Corydoras*, which is in the family Callichthyidae. *Corydoras panda* lives in rivers in Peru and Ecuador. The species was first collected by Randolph H. Richards in 1968. It was named *Corydoras panda* by Nijssen and Isbrücker in 1971. It is called *Corydoras panda* because the black stripes around its eyes look similar to the eyes of the giant panda. The common names for this fish are **panda corydoras** and **panda catfish**. *Corydoras panda* is a popular species to keep in aquariums.

## References
*Lambourne, Derek: ''Corydoras Catfish – An Aquarist's Handbook'' (Blandford Press, 128pp., )
*
Gayla Peevey

**Gayla Rienette Peevey** (born March 8, 1943) is an American former singer and child star. She is best known for her humorous song "I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas". Peevey recorded it under her maiden name in 1953 at age 10.

In 1960, under the name **Jamie Horton**, Peevey had a minor hit with the song "Robot Man", a Connie Francis cover.

Peevey graduated from San Diego State University with a Bachelor of Education degree. She later left teaching. She owned her own advertising business for 15 years.

Peevey was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In 1948, she and her family moved to Ponca City.

## References
2018 United States Senate election in Florida

The **2018 United States Senate election in Florida** took place on November 6, 2018.

Bill Nelson ran for a fourth term. He ran against Republican Rick Scott.

The campaign was very competitive. It was one of the most competitive Senate elections in the nation.

The victory margin was very close, so a recount was needed to find a winner. On November 18, Rick Scott officially won the election.

## Primary election 
### Republican 
### Democratic 
No Democratic primary was held.

## General election 
## References
The Conners

***The Conners*** is an American television sitcom. The show is a spin-off of the American television sitcom *Roseanne*. The show follows the title family, the Conners.

The Conners are a working-class family. They work hard to get by on a limited household income. They're forced to face the daily struggles in their home in the fictional town of Lanford, Illinois.

The series stars John Goodman, Sara Gilbert, Lecy Goranson, Laurie Metcalf and Emma Kenney. Almost all continue their roles from the TV series *Roseanne*.

Development on a spin-off began when the series *Roseanne* was canceled in May 2018. The show was canceled when actress Roseanne Barr made racist remarks on Twitter that month.

*The Conners* airs at the same time that the previous show, *Roseanne*, had been scheduled to air during the 2018–19 television season. It airs at 8:00 pm Eastern Time and 7:00 pm Central Time.

The show's ran from October 16, 2018 to April 23, 2025 on the ABC network.

## References
Mummy Juanita

**Momia Juanita** (Spanish for "Mummy Juanita"), also known as the **Lady of Ampato**, is the frozen body of girl who lived about 500 years ago and was used as an offering to the gods.

She was an Inca girl who was killed as an offering to the Inca gods. This was done sometime between 1450 and 1480 when she was about 12–15 years old. She was discovered in 1995 on Mount Ampato (part of the Andes cordillera) in southern Peru.
 
## References 
## Related pages
* Children of Llullaillaco
2018 United States Senate election in North Dakota

The **2018 United States Senate election in North Dakota** took place on November 6, 2018. Heidi Heitkamp ran for a second term. She ran against Republican Kevin Cramer.

Kevin Cramer won the election.

## Primary election 
### Republican 
### Democratic 
## General election 
## References
Eddie C. Campbell

**Eddie C. Campbell** (May 6, 1939 &ndash; November 20, 2018) was an American blues guitarist and singer in the Chicago blues scene. He was born in Duncan, Mississippi, but raised in Chicago. Campbell's debut album, *King of the Jungle* was released in 1977. Campbell's last album was *Spider Eating Preacher* (Delmark, 2012). It was nominated for a Blues Music Award in 2013 in the category Traditional Blues Album.

Campbell died in Oak Park, Illinois on November 20, 2018 from complications of a stroke, aged 79.

## References