open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
San

**San** or **SAN** (acronym) may refer to:

In **mathematics**:
* *Stochastic Activity Network*, stochastic extension to Petri nets
* *Standard algebraic notation*, the most common algebraic chess notation

In **technology**:
* Storage area network, a network designed to attach computer storage devices
* Styrene-acrylonitrile resin, a plastic

In **biology**:
* Sinoatrial node, pacemaking tissue in the right atrium of the heart
* *Stochastic Activity Network*, stochastic extension to Petri nets

In **history**:
* The Battle Creek Sanitarium was nicknamed *The San* by its guests.

In **fiction**:
* San (comics) is the name of a character of the Marvel Universe.
* Princess Mononoke, San is the original name of Princess Mononoke.

In **geography**:
* San, Mali, a town
* San River, a river in south-eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the Celt's word (san) means exactly river too.
* Sydney Adventist Hospital, due to the original name being the *Sydney Sanitarium,* which was shortened to the word "san".

In **organizations** and **groups**:
* Khoisan, in Southern Africa, also known as the **San** people, or **Khwe Khoe**, or **Basarwa**.
* South African Navy

In **transportation**:
* San Motors, an Indian automobile manufacturer.
* San Diego International Airport, IATA airport code
* Sandersville Railroad, The AAR reporting mark

In **Music**:
* San (参) is High and Mighty Color's 3rd Album

In **other languages**:
* the Italian and Spanish word for Saint
* San (letter), Greek letter between Pi and Qoppa
* *-san*, a Japanese title used after a person's name, the equivalent of Mr., Mrs. or Miss. Postfix of polite expressions like "Suzuki-san", "Ichirou-san",  or "Suzuki Ichirou-san" to name a personal family name or last name, verbally and literally, generally regardless of position, sex, age, and other factors.

* Pronunciation of *3* in Japanese and Mandarin Chinese
* Dream, in some Slavic languages
* Mountain, in Korean and Japanese.

Other uses:
* Senior Advocate of Nigeria
* *Standard Address Number*, a number used in the book trade to identify a supplier.
Psi

**Psi** could mean:
## As a word
* Psi (Cyrillic) (Ѱ, ѱ), a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, adopted from Greek
* Psi (Ψ, ψ) a letter of the Greek alphabet
* Psi (comics), a character in DC Comics
* Psi (instant messaging client), a popular Jabber client program
* Psi (parapsychology), psychic or paranormal phenomena

## As a Greek letter
* J/ψ particle, a subatomic particle
* Wavefunction in Quantum Mechanics, ψ
* In mathematics, Ψ is used to denote the angle between the tangent and the x-axis in the intrinsic coordinates system
* Again in mathematics, Ψ is also used to denote the Digamma and Polygamma functions.
* In physical chemistry, Ψ represents water potential, the potential energy of a water solution relative to pure water.
* Ψ stands for psychology and psychologist, often used in the logo of various psychological associations -- for example, see IUPsyS.

### psi
* Pounds per square inch, a unit of pressure
Stigma

**Stigma** (plural: **stigmata**) may refer to:

In **biology**:

* Stigma (anatomy), a small spot, mark, scar, or minute hole
* Stigma (botany), the part of a flower which takes in pollen
* The eyespot apparatus of unicellular organisms, for example *Euglena* and *Chlamydomonas*
* Astigmatism (eye) (stigma of the eye), difficulty in seeing clearly that is caused by a change in the inner shape of the eye

In **discrimination**:

* Badge of shame, a mark of infamy or disgrace
* Social stigma, a social disapproval of personal characteristics or beliefs that are against cultural norms, including:
**Weight stigma, negative attitudes towards overweight/obese individuals

In **literature**:

* *Stigma* (book), a 1963 book written by Erving Goffman
* *Stigma* (manga), a Japanese manga story by Kazuya Minekura

In **music**:

* *Stigma* (album), an album recorded by the band EMF in 1992
* Vinnie Stigma, the long time guitarist of the seminal hardcore bands Agnostic Front and Madball

In **sociology**:

* Stigma (sociological theory), the phenomenon whereby an individual with an attribute, which is deeply discredited by his/her society, is rejected as a result of the attribute

In **other fields**:

* A bodily mark, sore, or sensation of pain in locations corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus; see stigmata
* "Stigma" (*Enterprise* episode), a second-season episode of *Star Trek: Enterprise*
* *Stigma* (movie), a 1972 movie featuring Philip Michael Thomas
* Stigma (letter), a ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau
Zeta (disambiguation)

**Zeta** or **ZETA** can refer to:
## Alphabet
* Zeta (letter), the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet.

## Science
* Zeta functions, in mathematics
** Riemann zeta function
* Tropical Storm Zeta, formed in December 2005 and lasted through January 2006
* Z-pinch, in fusion power
* Zero Energy Thermonuclear Assembly reactor, a British test facility

## Computer 
* magnussoft ZETA, a computer operating system
* Zettabyte File System developed by Sun Microsystems

## Geography
* Zeta River, in Montenegro
* Zeta plain, in Montenegro

## History
* Principality of Zeta, a medieval state, today Montenegro
* Zeta Banovina, one of provinces (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941

## Popular culture
* Zeta Metroid, species of Metroid from Metroid II: Return of Samus
* *Z* (movie), a political movie by Costa Gavras
* Catherine Zeta-Jones, Welsh actress
* Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam, a televised anime

## Publishing and Manufacturing
* *Zeta* (magazine), a Baja California investigative journalism newsweekly
* GM Zeta platform, a full-size car series
* Zeta, an Australian car produced by Lightburn
* A zeta key, a tool used to drive screws and bolts which have a hexagonal socket in the head.
Rings of Saturn

The **rings of Saturn** are the planetary rings around the planet Saturn, which can be seen with a small telescope. They consist of many small particles, ranging in size from microscopic to the size of a bus (or bigger) that form clumps that move around Saturn. The particles in the rings are made almost entirely of water ice, with just a small amount of dust and other chemicals.  There are some gaps in the rings.  The moon Pan causes the gap called the "Encke gap" in Saturn's A ring. The *Cassini Division*, discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini, is a gap between the A ring and the B ring. It is a product of orbital resonance.

## References
Sho

**Sho** could mean: 
* Shodo, Japanese calligraphy
* Sho, a letter of the Greek alphabet as used to write Bactrian
* Ford SHO V6 engine, an engine designed by Yamaha Motor Company, and used in the Ford Taurus sedan between 1989 and 1995
* Simple Harmonic Oscillator
* Showtime, a premium television network whose name is often shortened to *Sho*
**Shō** could mean several things:
* **Shō** (笙), a Japanese wind instrument
* Japanese given names. The following people have the given name "Shō":
** Sho Aikawa (哀川 翔)
** Sho Hayami (速水 奨)
** Sun Yat-sen (孫逸仙), a.k.a. "Nakayama Shō" (中山樵)
** Sho Sakurai (櫻井翔)
** Sho Yano
: The following fictional characters have the given name "Shō":
:* Sho, a ninja from Captain Commando
:* Sho of *The Drifting Classroom*
:* Shou Amabane, *Burning Rangers*
:* Syo Ashigawa, a character in *Machine Robo Rescue*
:* Sho Fukamachi, the main and titular character of *Battle Booster Armor Guyver*
:* Shō Kazamatsuri, *Whistle!*
:* Sho Marufuji (Syrus Truesdale), *Yu-Gi-Oh! GX* (*Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX*)
:* Shou Tucker, *Fullmetal Alchemist*
:* Sho Tsukioka, *Battle Royale*
:* Sho Shinjo, *Battle Arena Toshinden*
:* Sho, protagonist of Koei's video game Crimson Sea
* A Japanese surname. The following people have the family name "Shō":
** Mayumi Shō (荘 真由美)
Nu

**Nu** could mean:
* Nu, a letter in the Greek alphabet: lowercase ν, uppercase Ν
* Nu (kana), the Japanese characters ぬ and ヌ
* NU (sound project)
* Nu (mythology), the male form of the Egyptian goddess Naunet
* Nu (Chrono Trigger), a fictional species from the video game *Chrono Trigger*
* .nu, the Internet top-level domain for Niue
* Nu people, a Chinese ethnic group
* Nu river or Salween River
* U Nu or Mr. Nu, a former Burmese prime minister
* Nǀu language, a moribund Tuu (Khoisan) language spoken by the Nǁnǂe people in South Africa
* Nu Gundam, in the anime ''Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack*
* "***Nu**''"? is a Yiddish word meaning "so?" now also absorbed into English meaning "so, what's happening?" or "so, what do you say?" 

In **universities**:
* Naresuan University, a public university in Phitsanulok, Thailand
* Niagara University, a Roman Catholic university in Niagara County, New York
* Northwestern University, an American research institution in Evanston, Illinois
* Northeastern University, an American research university in Boston, Massachusetts
* Norwich University, a private American military and traditional university in Northfield, Vermont
* National University (Philippines), a private, non-sectarian university in Manila, Philippines

In **other abbreviations**:
* Nunavut (NU), the largest and newest territory in the territories of Canada
* Nahdatul Ulama (NU), an Islamic group in Indonesia
* Nusselt number (Nu), a dimensionless heat transfer ratio
* Nucellar embryony (Nu+), a form of seed reproduction that occurs in certain plant species
* Bhutanese ngultrum (Nu.), Bhutan's official currency

In **codes**:
* Japan Transocean Air IATA airline designator
* Nicaragua NATO country code
* Niue ISO 3166 country code

In **music**:
* Nu metal, a fusion genre of Heavy Metal
A-type asteroid

**A-type asteroids** are fairly uncommon closer asteroids that have a strong, broad 1 µm olivine feature and a very reddish spectrum shortwards of 0.7 µm. They are thought to come from the completely differentiated mantle of an asteroid.

A-type asteroids are so rare that as of 2005 only 17 had been found.

## Other websites 
* A technical report on **A-Type Asteroids**
Chicago (disambiguation)

**Chicago, Illinois** is the third largest city in the United States of America.

*Chicago* may also mean:
* The University of Chicago
* Chicago (band), a pop-rock-jazz band
** Their second album, *Chicago*, released in 1970
* Chicago (CTA), stations on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, all named for their location on Chicago Avenue
** Chicago (CTA Brown Line)
** Chicago (CTA Red Line)
** Chicago (CTA Blue Line)
* Chicago (typeface), a classic Apple Macintosh font
* Chicago house, a genre of electronic dance music
* Chicago Powerfest, a metal festival held annually near Chicago
* Windows 95, codenamed "Chicago"
* Chicago Manual of Style, published by the University of Chicago
* USS *Chicago*, the name given to several United States Navy vessels
* 334 Chicago, an asteroid
* Chicago (poker game), a Swedish poker game (or any one of several stud poker variants, including "Chicago," "Big Chicago," and "Little Chicago")
* Chicago, Western Cape, a suburb of Paarl, South Africa
*Club Atlético Nueva Chicago
There are several **Chicago schools of thought**, generally named after distinguished programs of the University of Chicago. These include:
* Chicago school (architecture)
* Chicago school (economics)
* Chicago school (literary criticism)
* Chicago school (sociology)

In **Entertainment**:
* Chicago (band)
* *Chicago*, a play by Maurine Dallas Watkins, first performed in 1926
* *Chicago* (1927 film), based on the 1926 play
* *Chicago* (musical), first performed in 1975, based on the 1926 play
* *Chicago* (2002 film), based on the 1975 musical
* *Chicago* (magazine), published by the Tribune Company
* *Chicago* (art magazine)
* *Chicago* (album), by rock band Chicago
* "Chicago" (1957 song), by Fred Fisher
* "Chicago" (1970 song), by Graham Nash
* "Chicago" (2005 song), by Sufjan Stevens
* "Chicago" (2006 song), by Clueso
* "Chicago" (poem), by Carl Sandburg
* "Chicago" (*Prison Break* episode), the 38th episode of the American television series *Prison Break*
* *Chicago* (Sam Shepard play), a 1965 play by Sam Shepard
* Chicago (Trance artist)
Lacrosse

**Lacrosse**, invented by the Native Americans, is a popular team sport in North America and a national summer sport for Canada. It involves the use of nets, or "heads" as they are called, which consist of a wooden or metal shaft with a net on the end. Hockey is a game based on this sport.

There are about three different forms of lacrosse based on the different Native American tribes or places of how they played it. One of the ways still played today is called double stick; you play by using a two and a half foot stick in each hand and tossing a deer skin ball in between the two sticks.

The name “lacrosse” was named by the French settlers; with “Crosse” meaning curved stick it is called the curved stick. Lacrosse played a more serious role in Native American culture than anywhere else. It was often used to settle tribal disagreements. Lacrosse was not a very well-known sport until the late nineteenth century.  Now more than half a million people are playing, making it the most growing sport in the world. 

## How the game is played
Lacrosse has two teams, each with ten players. There is one goalie(using a head much larger than a normal players), three defensemen(using a stick with a longer shaft), three midfielders and three attack men. The goalies defend the goals, and if the ball goes into the goal, the team who scored the goal gains a point. Whoever scores the most goals by the end of the game wins, with an overtime period being played if the game is tied. The game has four quarters and starts with a "face off" at the beginning of each quarter. A face off is when the ball is on the ground to start the game, and one person from each team fights for possession of the ball, but in women's lacrosse the game begins with a draw, where the ball is above the ground and it is pressed between 2 sticks and each team fights for possession of the ball

## References
*"Lacrosse." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2013.
*US Lacrosse. Thomas Vennum, Jr., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. .
Girl group

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 in 1966]]
 in 2008]]

A **girl group** is a music group with a group of female singers who normally harmonise together.

The term "girl group" is also used in a narrower sense in English-speaking countries. It suggests the American female pop singing groups of the late 1950s and early 1960s. They were hugely successful for a time, between the decline of early rock and roll and the British Invasion. Many of them were influenced by doo-wop style.

In the 1950s and 60s, the groups were mostly self-organised, girls who knew each other and often grew up together. The Chantels, for example, were four girl choristers from a Catholic high school in the Bronx, 1957. The Ronettes were two sisters and a cousin. They were, and still are, America's most successful vocal group of all time. These groups had managers, of course, because they needed someone to deal with the music industry. But the managers did not set up the groups; they came after the groups were formed.

Later, almost all groups were created by public relations professionals to meet a market need. The Spice Girls were a good example of this. They were put together in the mid-1990s by a family management team. Their managers' idea was to create a girl group to compete with popular boy bands that dominated the pop music scene in the mid- to late-1990s. The Spice Girls sold most albums, and had the best-selling album of all time.

One obvious difference between the earlier groups and the later ones was in their social backgrounds. Earlier American groups, having grown up together, were all of the same social origin and colour. What is more, they had usually sung together, and socialised together, before they formed up as a group. This is also true of most of the earlier British boy groups. The later groups, on the other hand, were deliberately chosen for variety. This was done so that all sections of the audience would have at least one member they could identify with. They had not sung together, or maybe met each other, until their PR manager introduced them.

With the changing times, the marketing of popular music changed greatly, so that direct comparison of sales is not simple. but in many parts of the world digital sales are now the most important.

## References
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus

**Marcus Aemilius Lepidus** (born 88/89 BC, died 12/13 BC) was a Roman politician. He was one of the closest men to Julius Caesar. He was Caesar's deputy in Rome when Caesar was away from Rome defeating Pompey in the battle of Pharsalus in Greece. He served as *Pontifex Maximus* (High Priest) after Caesar's death. 

Together with Octavian and Mark Antony he formed the Second Triumvirate to oppose the conspirators. The Triumvirate was set up to sideline the Consuls and Senate, which means it was the effective end of the Roman Republic.

Lepidus was older than the other two triumvirs. After the Battle of Philippi, he governed Spain and part of North Africa. He was blamed for a revolt in Sicily. This gave Octavian the excuse to strip him of his offices, except for Pontifex Maximus. He died peacefully in Circeii in Italy about end 12 to early 13 BC.
Exposure

**Exposure** comes from the Latin word "expōnere" which means to put out. It can mean:

* Lack of protection over prolonged periods under weather, extreme temperatures or dangerous substances (*see also: hypothermia, radiation poisoning*)
* Exposure (toxicology): When a toxin gets on or into a person's body
* Exposure (photography), the total amount of light allowed to fall on the sensor during the taking of a photograph
* *Exposure*, a 1979 music album by Robert Fripp
* Investment, a financial holding in a particular market sector
Steve Reich

**Stephen Michael "Steve" Reich** (Born October 3, 1936) is an American composer of music in the style of minimalism. He is known for his music made with tape recordings, and instrumental music with a steady beat (such as Music for 18 Musicians).

He also wrote pieces that used what is called a phasing technique. With phasing technique, two parts might be playing the same part but at slightly different speeds. It is almost like a canon, or round. He wrote pieces like these for piano, violin, and, again, for tape recordings.

He also composed such pieces like In C and Different Trains, some of his most popular works. Others include, Drumming, City Life and The Cave.  

The critic Kyle Gann has said Reich "may...be considered...America's greatest living composer."
 

On January 25, 2007, Reich was named the 2007 recipient of the Polar Music Prize, together with jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins. On April 20, 2009, Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his *Double Sextet*.

## References
## Other websites
* (an example of phasing, using two pianos)
* (a composition by Steve Reich for tape)
Chanson

***Chanson*** is the French word for "song".  The word is often used in music to mean any song with French words, but it is more often used when talking about songs in which lyrics have been set to music by French classical composers.

Very often "chansons" refers to the French songs that were sung in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance.  People who sang these chansons were called "chansonniers". They had various forms, including ballade, rondeau and virelai.  Some composers at the time liked to set popular poetry to music.  The earliest chansons were for two, three or four voices, many of them being for three voices.   By the 16th century most were for four voices. Sometimes, the singers were accompanied by instruments. 

## Early chansons
The first important composer of chansons was the medieval composer Guillaume de Machaut.  In the Renaissance Guillaume Dufay and Gilles Binchois wrote many simple chansons.  Later Johannes Ockeghem and Josquin des Prez composed chansons which had lots of imitation between the voices. Clément Janequin wrote more simple, homophonic chansons.  He worked in the area around Paris.  Later composers such as Orlando de Lassus were influenced by the Italian madrigal. The style of music started to be used in music for instruments.

The first book of sheet music printed from movable type was *Harmonice Musices Odhecaton*, a collection of 96 chansons by many composers, published in Venice in 1501.

## Later chansons
During the 16th century French songs started to be composed with lute or keyboard accompaniment.  In the 19th century many composers wrote songs with piano accompaniment.  These chansons were often called mélodies.

## Popular Chanson
In France today "chanson" often refers to the work of more popular singers such as Georges Brassens, Jacques Brel, Édith Piaf, Camille, Olivia Ruiz.
French chansons of Jacques Brel have been translated and are interpreted in English by Arnold Johnston, Professor at West Michigan University. More than 100 chansons of Brel, Brassens, Barbara, Bécaud, Ferrat, Aznavour, Trenet et Ferré have been translated and are interpreted in German language by the Duo Stéphane & Didier (see www.deutsche-chanson-texte.de).

## Related pages
* Mélodie

## References
Metic

In Ancient Greece, a **metic** () was a foreigner living in a Greek city-state (*polis*). The metic did not have the same citizen rights as a citizen who was born in the state he was living in.

The term 'metic' was especially used in ancient Athens in the 4th and 5th centuries BC. A notable metic was Aristotle, who was born in Stageira but lived in Athens for a long time.

Regardless of how many generations of the family had lived in the city, metics did not become citizens unless the city chose to bestow citizenship on them as a gift. This was rarely done. Citizenship at Athens brought eligibility for numerous state payments such as jury and assembly pay, which could be significant to working people. During emergencies the city could distribute rations to citizens. None of these rights were available to metics. They were not permitted to own real estate in Attica, whether farm or house, unless granted a special exemption.

Metics shared the burdens of citizenship without any of its privileges. Like citizens, they had to perform military service and, if rich enough, were subject to special tax contributions. Citizenship was very rarely granted to metics. More common was the special status of "equal rights" (*isoteleia*) under which they were freed from the usual liabilities.

The system came to an end in Hellenistic Athens, when the purchase of citizenship became very frequent. The census of 317 BC gave 21,000 citizens, 10,000 metics and 400,000 slaves in Attica.

In the Greco-Roman world, free people (non-citizens) living on the territory of a polis were called "paroikoi"  (see etymology of parish), in Asia Minor "katoikoi".

## References
Bury (disambiguation)

**Bury** can mean the following:
## Places 
*Metropolitan Borough of Bury - A borough in the Metropolitan county of Greater Manchester
*Bury - The largest town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury

## Other uses 
*Bury or Burial - To put something underneath others, or to put a body in the earth
Metropolitan Borough of Bury

The **Metropolitan Borough of Bury** is one of the ten Metropolitan boroughs in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, England.

It was set up in 1974 from the county borough of Bury and the boroughs of Prestwich and Radcliffe, along with the urban districts of Tottington and Whitefield, and part of the urban district of Ramsbottom.

The metropolitan borough, has an area of .

## Twin towns 
* Angoulême
* Tulle, Correze Department.  Originally twinned with Prestwich.
* Baden-Württemberg, Schorndorf, a medieval market town to the east of Stuttgart.
* Woodbury, New Jersey.
* Datong.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Bury MBC website
C-type asteroid

**C-type asteroids** are asteroids made of carbonates. They are the most common variety taking up around 75% of known asteroids, and an even higher percentage in the farther part of the belt beyond 2.7 AU, which is dominated by this asteroid type. The amount of C-types may actually be higher than this, because C-types are much darker than most other asteroid types except D-types and others common only at the extreme farther edge of the Main Belt.

## Characteristics
This type of asteroid has very similar spectra to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites (types CI and CM), whose chemical make-up is about the same as the Sun and the primitive solar nebula, except that they do not contain hydrogen, helium and other volatiles. Hydrated (water-containing) minerals are present.

C-type asteroids are very dark with albedos usually in the 0.03 to 0.10 range. Consequently, whereas a number of S-types can normally be viewed with binoculars at opposition, even the biggest C-types require a small telescope. The potentially brightest C-type asteroid is 324 Bamberga, but that object's very high eccentricity means it rarely reaches its maximum magnitude.

Their spectra contain moderately strong ultraviolet absorption at wavelengths below about 0.4 μm to 0.5 μm, while at longer wavelengths they are very featureless but slightly reddish. The so-called "water" absorption feature around 3 μm, which can be a sign of water content in minerals is also present.

The biggest unequivocally **C-type** asteroid is 10 Hygiea, although the SMASS classification places the biggest asteroid 1 Ceres, here as well, because that scheme lacks a G-type.

## References
* S. J. Bus and R. P. Binzel *Phase II of the Small Main-belt Asteroid Spectroscopy Survey: A feature-based taxonomy*, Icarus, Vol. 158, pp. 146 (2002).
Democracy in Athens

**The Democracy in Ancient Athens** was very different from modern democracy. Citizens had the right to help govern but most people were not citizens.

To be classed as a citizen in fifth-century Athens you had to be male, born from two Athenian parents, over eighteen years old, and completed your military service.  Women, slaves, metics and children under the age of 20 were not allowed to become citizens.

Citizens could be involved in the running of Athens and could be chosen for important positions.  They were also allowed to own land.  Citizens were between 10% and 20% of the total population at various times in the 5th and 4th centuries. 

## The Ecclesia (Assembly of Men) 
Ancient Athens had a direct democracy. This meant that each citizen had an equal say and opportunity in the governing of Athens. The citizens of Athens would meet on a hillside (the Pnyx) 30 to 40 times a year to discuss how to run the city better. Usually a few thousand actually came to the meeting.

All citizens could attend the meetings.  People would stand on a raised platform called the bema to speak.  Speakers wore a garland whilst speaking. Any citizen could speak.

All major decisions concerning the running of Athens were decided here – taxes, war, policy, etc. Any decisions were made by a show of hands.

A black pig would be sacrificed to the gods at the start of the meeting to make sure the meeting went well.

All democratic countries now have an indirect democracy. This means  members of parliament are elected to make decisions concerning government. There are now too many people in  countries for them to meet on a hillside, and many people are too busy to be able to go many times each year.

## The Boule (Council of 500) 
Cleisthenes, a democratic reformer, divided Attica into ten tribes in 510&nbsp;BC. The Boule was made up of 50 male Athenian citizens chosen at random from each of the ten tribes (all over 30 years old). This meant that 500 men were elected, but only 50 served at any one time.

## References
Eurotrash

**Eurotrash** could mean:
* Eurotrash (term),  a sometimes pejorative term referring to a particular American stereotype of Europeans
* *Eurotrash (TV series)*
* A pejorative term for Eurodance or Europop
* "Eurotrash Girl", a song by Cracker (band)
* "Euro Trash Girl", a song by Chicks on Speed
* "Eurotrash", a song and album by Zeromancer
Yvette Fielding

**Yvette Fielding** (born 23 September 1968) is an English television presenter. She is the presenter of the shows *Most Haunted*, *Most Haunted Live!* and *Ghosthunting with...*. She is also the executive producer of the shows.

## Early life
Yvette was educated at Pownall Green Primary School and Bramhall High School in Bramhall, Stockport, in Greater Manchester and Poynton. She also attended Hillcrest Grammar School, Davenport.

## Career
Fielding presented the children's television show, *Blue Peter* from 1987 to 1992, and was the youngest ever person to do so; she was only 18 years old when she started. Previously, she had acted in the children's television comedy series *Seaview*.

Since leaving *Blue Peter*, Fielding has worked on television shows such as ''What's Up Doc?*, *Heaven and Earth*, *The General* and *City Hospital*, and also had acting roles in *Last of the Summer Wine* (making an appearance in the series while making a *Blue Peter* report on the show) and *Juliet Bravo*. She also appeared as a regular alongside Fred Dineage and Toyah Willcox on a property-pricing based game-show called *Under Offer* made for Meridian Television.

She appeared in a guest-role in the popular BBC drama *Holby City* in 2007 and appeared in the ITV2 reality television programme *Deadline*, finishing second.

Since 2002, Yvette Fielding and her husband Karl Beattie have both made *Most Haunted* for the British TV channel Living through their production company, "Antix."  Viewers can see Fielding at many possible haunted locations around Britain, in the hopes for paranormal activity that could be caught on film.

## Personal life
Fielding and her husband have a daughter, Mary.

Eccentric British pop duo, Astrojade, started their musical career with a song titled "Yvette Fielding" as a homage to her and *Most Haunted''.

She likes cars and has 3 Aston Martins, a Land Rover and a Range Rover.

## Other websites 
## References
## Other websites
*Yvette Fielding Fansite 
*"Antix" productions website 
*Most Haunted Fan Site 
*Most Haunted forum
Tutsan

**Tutsan** () is a bushy Eurasian shrub with golden yellow flowers.  Its fruit are red berries, which turn black when they are fully ripe.  The leaves and flowers of the plant grow and blossom in the spring and are shed in the fall.  Its scientific name is *Hypericum androsaemum* L. The Tutsan has medical properties.  A similar plant to it is the  H. perforatum.
Telluride Bluegrass Festival

The **Telluride Bluegrass Festival** is an annual music festival held in Telluride, Colorado. The festival is put on by Planet Bluegrass. The festival mainly focuses on bluegrass music. It has had artists in the past such as Nickel Creek, Bela Fleck, and Chris Thile.

## Other websites
*Official web site 
*Library of Congress
*Local newspaper
*Telluride Visitor Information
Singer-songwriter

A **singer-songwriter** is a person who writes and performs their own works. They often accompany themselves on a musical instrument. Singer-songwriters write the music, the lyrics, sing, play the musical instruments, and often manage themselves.

The term became popular in the 1960s. It referred to a specific type of performer who wrote certain kinds of music and lyrics.

## References
ASUS Eee PC

The **ASUS Eee PC** is a very small laptop made by ASUS and Intel. It is designed to have a light weight and low price. It runs Linux as its operating system.

The name *Eee* (pronounced as the letter *e*, IPA /iː/) comes from "the three Es," ASUS used in their advertisements for the device: "Easy to learn, Easy to work, Easy to play".

## References 
## Other websites 
* ASUS Eee PC website
List of Most Haunted episodes

***Most Haunted*** is a British television programme based on a group of paranormal investigators (people who investigate things) going and doing paranormal investigations of places. The following is a list of episodes and locations for the series since it began in 2002.

## Series table
*  These dates were the dates that complete box sets of DVD's were released on.  Previously, they were only released as single episode DVD's.

## Series 1 (2002)
**Note:**  Most of these episodes were only 30 minutes long, however, some have been made  the full hour and titled 'Most Haunted Unseen'. Footage added has a note that says that it is not part of the original broadcast.  The first episode to be produced, and the last to appear in the series was *Michelham Priory*. In Series 8, the team revisited this location to mark the 100th episode.

## Series 2 (2003)
## Series 3 (2003)
## Series 4 (2004)
**Note:** Phil Whyman left at the end of the 4th Series.

## Series 5 (2004/2005)
## Series 6 (2005)
**Note:** David Wells became a medium on this show in this series alongside the long-time favorite, Derek Acorah. This was the last series that Derek Acorah would be the medium in and he did not appear in the final episode at Sinai House. The original run for Series 6 was only to be 18 episodes, with the last 11 as Series 7, but due to the leaving of Acorah, the series was made longer.

## Series 7 (2005)
## Series 8 (2006)
**Note:** The last 3 episodes were meant to be from Series 7, but were made part of the eighth series. They are known as the "lost episodes" and had more guest showings from Medium Gordon Smith. Also appearing were Ian Lawman, Ian Shillito and Kevin Wade. Richard Felix departed the programme after Series 8 because their producers dropped his role from the show.

## Series 9 (2007)
**Note:** The series became known as New Most Haunted after Episode 4 in the television listings on screen, with the word 'New' covering the corner of the logo for the show.

## References and notes
*
West Sussex

On 1 April 1974, the old county of Sussex in South East England was split into East Sussex and **West Sussex**. About 810,000 people live there.

Unlike many of the changes made by the Local Government Act 1972, the new counties are popular with the local people.

The ceremonial county contains the districts of Adur, Arun, Chichester, Horsham, and Mid Sussex as well as the boroughs of Crawley and Worthing.

The West Sussex County Council was formed in 1889 in the ceremonial County of Sussex. Because of the Local Government Act 1972, the East and West Sussex County Council took over the ceremonial  in the two halves with Mid Sussex and parts of Crawley being given to West Sussex from East Sussex.
Dave Farrell

**David Michael Farrell** (born February 8, 1977), also known as **Phoenix** because he is believed to have a tattoo of a phoenix on his back, is Linkin Park’s bassist.

## Biography 
Farrell was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, but when he was five he moved to Mission Viejo, California where he attended Mission Viejo High School. He graduated in 1999 at the University of California, Los Angeles. He can play bass guitar, electric guitar, cello and violin.

Farrell was a member of a Christian punk/ska band called Tasty Snax. While he was at the college, he shared the room with his friend Brad Delson, and they practiced together. 

He had to go on tour with the Tasty Snax so he could not play with Delson and his band. Then, Farrell left his band to play bass with Brad Delson in the band Xero in 1996 but then left in 1998. He then rejoined Xero now called Linkin Park in November 2000 and has been playing with them ever since.

## Other websites 
* Linkin park official website
Audi

**Audi AG** is a German automobile manufacturer with headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, and has been an almost wholly-owned (99.7%) subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group since 1964. Audi AG was founded by August Horch and the current CEO of Audi AG is Rupert Stadler. 

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## Models
### old model range
The following tables list Audi production vehicles that are sold as of 2021

### S and RS models
## References
Armani

**Armani** is an Italian fashion house (fashion designer company). It started in Milan in 1975 by Giorgio Armani and Sergio Galeotti, with $10,000. The company designs and makes several different types of things, including fashion accessories, clothing, cosmetics, fragrances, home decorations, jewelry, glasses, and watches.

## Labels
These are sold with several different named labels such as:

### Giorgio Armani
### Armani Collezioni
*Armani Collezioni* is a label from fashion designer Giorgio Armani. The label is more expensive than the *Armani Exchange*, *Armani Jeans*  labels but less expensive than the *Giorgio Armani* label(sometimes named the "Armani black label") and *Armani Privé*.

The label is usually for older buyers who do not want new designs, but has older high quality clothes.

It replaced the *Giorgio Armani Le Collezioni* line. As well as being sold as the only product in some small shops, it is also sold in expensive department stores such as Harrods, Harvey Nichols, David Jones, Nordstrom and Neiman Marcus.

### Emporio Armani
'The label features high-end, ready-to-wear, and accessories. Emporio Armani line has a high quality in luxury fashion clothes and focus on trends and modern traits. Emporio Armani is sold in freestanding Emporio Armani boutiques in high-end department store and its official website'

### Armani Exchange
*Armani Exchange* (often *A|X*) was made in 1991. It is for younger buyers, often in their older teenage years. It uses city fashion, quick and easy to wear clothes, especially T-shirts, jeans, polos, and sports coats. Armani Exchange is the cheapest of all the Armani labels and is mainly sold in the USA.
The label has 69 shops and 6 outlets in the United States and over 50 shops in other countries. The UK's first shops opened at Bluewater in Kent, "The Trafford Centre" in Manchester and in the Metquater in Liverpool.

## Size
At the end of 2005, sales were $1.69 billion.

Today, the company has 4,700 workers and 13 factories in the world. It has nearly 300 shops in the world, which are in 36 different countries. The company has started a very high-class collection named Armani Privé, which can be seen in the "Haute Couture fashion week" in Paris.

## Armani Hotels
Armani agreed in 2004 with Emaar Properties to make some expensive hotels in some big cities, such as London, Paris, New York City, Tokyo, Shanghai, Dubai and Milan. The company already has many cafes in the world, as well as a bar, a restaurant and a nightclub.

Emaar Hotels agreed to build and operate at least seven expensive hotels and three holiday resorts under the "Armani" name. Armani would design the inside of the buildings and the style of the hotels. The first hotel in Dubai is thought to be ready in early 2008.

The bottom 37 floors of the Burj Khalifa skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, will have the world's first Armani Hotel, and Giorgio Armani is also designing the inside of the skyscraper.

## References
List of Linux distributions

Linux can be changed, so there are many versions and distributions of Linux, each containing different software or made for different purposes. A list of distributions can be found below:

## Debian-based 
Debian is a distribution that only accepts free software. It is supported on many hardware platforms.

### Knoppix-based 
Knoppix is itself based on Debian.

### Ubuntu-based 
Ubuntu is based on Debian.

## Gentoo-based 
Gentoo is a distribution designed to have highly optimized and frequently updated software.

## RPM-based 
Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux were the original major distributions that used the RPM file format, which is today used in several package management systems. Both of these later divided into commercial and community-supported distributions.

### Fedora Linux-based 
Fedora is a Linux distribution by Fedora Project.

### Red Hat Enterprise Linux-based 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is based on Fedora.

### Others (RPM-based) 
## Slackware-based 
Slackware is known as a highly customizable distribution,generally considered a distribution for expert users.

### SLAX-Based 
SLAX's distributions are known for be really good in branch of quality.

## Others 
The following distributions either use another packaging system, do not use any, or are simply not categorized.
Calenzano

**Calenzano** is a *comune* (municipality) in the province of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany. It is about 11&nbsp;km northwest of Florence. Calenano has an area of 76.9&nbsp;km² and a population of 15,557  inhabitants.

Calenzano borders the following municipalities: Barberino di Mugello, Campi Bisenzio, Prato, San Piero a Sieve, Sesto Fiorentino, Vaglia, Vaiano.

## Main places
**Villa Ginori a Collina*, a patrician villa
*Church of *San Niccolò e Oratorio della Compagnia del Santissimo Sacramento*, rebuilt before 1386.
**Pieve  di San Donato* (9th-11th centuries),
**Pieve di Santa Maria* (built before the 11th century).
*The ancient *Pieve di San Severo*.
*Church of *Santa Lucia a Settimello*.
**Parco del Neto*  a park near Monte Morello.

## Connection
Calenzano has a station on the regional railway connecting it to Prato, Florence, Pistoia and Lucca. It can be reached by road from the highway "A1". Buses connect Calenzano to Prato, Florence, Campi Bisenzio and Barberino di Mugello.

## Famous people born in Calenzano
* Agostino Ammannati (1906 - 1987), teacher of the  liceo classico Cicognini in Prato, friend and helper of the priest Lorenzo Milani.
* Lorenzo Milani, priest, teacher and a man of charity. He was the first to use the motto, "I CARE", when Italy's fascist regime had the motto "I don't care" when speaking about enemies and about poor people. Lorenzo Milani was on the Church of "Saint Donato" since  1947 until 1954.

## Main events and festivals 
* Fiera dei Cavalli (a festival about horses) (in September)
* Mostra mercato dell'olio nuovo (a festival about extra virgin olive oil) (in November).
* Festa de l'Unità di Legri (in July).
* Festa de l'Unità di Settimello (half September).
* "Carnevale Medievale" (medieval carnival), (end of February).
* "Fiera della Toscana // mostra mercato della Toscana" (in May).

## Other website
* Official website
Giorgio Armani (disambiguation)

**Giorgio Armani** can mean:

* Giorgio Armani (1934–2025), an Italian fashion designer, and the creater of Armani.
* The Giorgio Armani label division of the Armani fashion designer company.
Silk tree

Silk tree **Albizia julibrissin** is a species of  genus *Albizia* from southeast and east Asia, from east  Iran to China and Korea.
This Genus honoring Italian noble Filippo del Albizzi, who introduce it in Europe at middle XVIII century, sometimes incorrectly named *"Albizzia"*. The specific  name *julibrissin* is a corruption of farsi  *Gul-i Abrisham* (گل ابریشم) meaning silktree, by its flowers ("Gul" گل  is "flower" and "Abrisham" ابریشم means "silk").
Corbin Bleu

**Corbin Bleu Reivers** (born February 21, 1989) is an American actor and singer. He appears as Chad in *High School Musical*, *High School Musical 2* and *High School Musical 3: Senior Year*. He was a guest star as one of Miley's friends, Johnny Collins, in *Hannah Montana* and as Spencer in ''Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide''. He also worked in Disney Channel's original movie *Jump In!*, with Keke Palmer (*Akeelah and the Bee*).

## References
Lucas Grabeel

**Lucas Grabeel** (born November 23, 1984) is an American actor, singer and songwriter. He played Ryan Evans in the Disney Channel's original movies *High School Musical* and *High School Musical 2*. He is also known for playing a role in *Halloweentown High* and *Return to Halloweentown*.
Giorgio Armani

**Giorgio Armani** (11 July 1934 &ndash; 4 September 2025) was an Italian fashion designer who was the founder of the luxury fashion house Armani. He was famous for designing men's and women's clothes. *The New York Times* called Armani a "Fashion's Master of the Power Suit".

## Career
Armani made his company, Armani, in 1974, and in 2001 was said to be the most successful designer to come from Italy. He was said to have had a net worth of $4.1 billion. 

Armani made wearing suits popular for women. He also made wearing suits a more formal outfit when going to work. He was also said to have been an important designer for "red carpet" fashion because of the dresses and suits he would design for celebrities.

Armani also helped designed some outfits for movies such as for *American Gigolo* (1980) and *The Untouchables* (1987).

Many of his designs were seen as art. The Guggenheim Museum made an exhibition of Armani's work. This was a first for a living designer.

In 2007, Armani became the first designer to ban models with a body mass index (BMI) under 18, after a model starved to death herself because of anorexia nervosa.

Armani was honoured with an Officer of the Legion of Honour in 2008 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 2021.

## Personal life
Armani was born in Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna. He studied medicine at the University of Milan. However he said in an interview with *Vanity Fair* that he had relationships with both men and women.

Armani died at his home in Milan, Italy from liver failure on 4 September 2025 at the age of 91.

## Related pages
* Armani

## Bibliography
* 
* 
* 

## References 
## Other websites
* Armani Company website
* Giorgio Armani at The Fashion Styles
*
Micrometre

A **micrometre** (the American spelling is **micrometer**; symbol is **µm**) is a unit of length in the SI measurement system. It can also be called a **micron**. It is one millionth of a metre. A micrometre is often used as a measurement for small things like bacteria. Like the Angstrom it is used for radiation in or near the visible spectrum.

## Related pages 
*Nanometre
Detention

A **detention** can be:

* Detention (2003 movie)
* Detention (school), a punishment used in schools
*Detention (Cold Case Episode), Episode 58 (Series 3 Episode 12) of CBS TV Drama Cold Case.
* Detention (band), a band from New Jersey
* Detention basin, an artificial flow control structure that is used to contain flood water for a limited period of a time
* Detention (TV series)
* Detention (imprisonment), imprisonment of somebody guilty or suspected of a crime 
* Immigration detention, imprisonment of unauthorised person entering a country
Trochenbrod

**Trochenbrod** (; ) was a Jewish shtetl (village) with an area 1,728 acres once in what is now western Ukraine, about 30 kilometers northeast of Lutsk. It used to be a part of Poland. It was also known as **Sofievka** or **Zofiówka** in Polish, named after Sofia, a Russian princess who donated land for the Jewish settlement.

## History
Trochenbrod was founded in 1835, at first a farming colony which grew into a small town. The population grew from around 1,200 (235 families) in 1889 to 1,580 in 1897. Most of the Jews of Trochenbrod as well as of the neighbouring village Lozisht were killed, as were the other Jews of Volhynia. The local Ukrainian police force helped to round up the Jews. Fewer than 200 Jews from the Trochenbrod ghetto and nearby areas lived through this killing. The village itself was burned. Now only fields and a forest can be found there.

A few of the people escaped the execution and destruction. At the end of the war, the number of people left was between 33 and 40; most were found in the area near Lutzk.

## Trochenbrod in fiction
A fictional version of the shtetl, *Trachimbrod*, was featured in the 2002 novel *Everything Is Illuminated* by Jonathan Safran Foer as well as in the 2005 film based on the novel.

Safran Foer's story describes fictional events in the village between 1791, the year in which the shtetl was first named, and 1941, when it was destroyed in the war. The main character of the book (who goes by the author's name and also by the name "The Hero") comes to Ukraine to look for a woman named Augustine, who saved his grandfather in the war.

## Notes
## References
*  a book about the combined towns of Trochenbrod and Lozisht

## Other websites
*Trochenbrod & Lozisht community website
Judith

**Judith** [ **joo**-dith ] is a female given name. It comes from the Hebrew word *Yəhûḏîṯ*, meaning either "praised one" or "a woman from Judea." The Judith from the Book of Judith was a Biblical hero. This name was ranked #959 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People 
* Judith Barsi, American child actress (1978-1988)
* Judith Butler, American philosopher and gender theorist
* Judith Rich Harris, American psychology researcher (1938-2018)

## References