open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
The Secret Agent (2025 movie)

***The Secret Agent*** (; ) is a 2025 neo-noir historical political thriller movie written and directed by Kleber Mendonça Filho. 

## Background
The movie is about Armando (Wagner Moura), a former professor caught in the political problems during the Brazilian military dictatorship, trying to escape persecution and go against an authoritarian dictatorship. 

The supporting cast includes Carlos Francisco, Tânia Maria, Robério Diógenes, Maria Fernanda Cândido, Gabriel Leone, Alice Carvalho, Hermila Guedes, Isabél Zuaa, and Udo Kier in his last movie role.

## Release
The movie had its world premiere at the main competition of the 2025 Cannes Film Festival on 18 May 2025, where it got strong positive reviews and awards.

## Awards
At the 83rd Golden Globe Awards, it became the first Brazilian movie nominated for Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama, winning Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama (Wagner Moura) and Best Foreign Language Film.

## References
## Other websites
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Ajit Pawar

**Ajit Anantrao Pawar** (22 July 1959 – 28 January 2026) was an Indian politician. He was Maharashtra's longest-serving Deputy Chief Minister from December 2024 until his death in January 2026. He was the Leader of the Opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from 2022 to 2023 and represented Baramati Lok Sabha constituency in 1991.

On 28 January 2026, Pawar was killed in an airplane crash at the Baramati Airport in Maharashtra, India.

## References
Butanol

**Butanol** is an organic compound. It is the alcohol form of butane, and has the chemical formula . There are four structural isomers of butanol. Normally, the name "butanol" on its own means 1-butanol, the straight chain primary alcohol. The other isomers are 2-butanol, isobutanol, and *tert*-butyl alcohol.

## Isomers 
Butanol is the smallest alcohol to have skeletal isomers (as butane is the smallest alkane with them). Each skeletal isomer has two positional isomers depending on the place the hydroxy group is attached to the skeleton. The 2-butanol isomer is the smallest alcohol to have stereoisomerism. This makes butanol more complicated than smaller alcohols:
Elizabeth Berridge (actress)

**Elizabeth Berridge** (born May 2, 1962) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for playing Constanze Mozart in the Miloš Forman period drama film *Amadeus* (1984).

## Other websites 
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2-Butanol

**2-Butanol** or '''*sec*-butanol''' is an organic compound. It is one of the types of butanol, an alcohol with the chemical formula . It is mostly used as an ingredient to make butanone, an important solvent.

## Preparation 
2-Butanol can be made by the addition of water (hydration) to 1-butene or 2-butene. The hydration of 1-butene to 2-butanol is predicted by Markovnikov's rule. A strong acid like sulfuric acid is normally used as a catalyst.

## Stereochemistry 
2-Butanol is the smallest chiral alcohol, with two stereoisomers.
Ethyl methyl ether

**Ethyl methyl ether**, also called **methoxyethane**, is an organic compound. It has the chemical formula . It is the simplest non-symmetric ether.

Unlike the related symmetric compounds, dimethyl ether and diethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether is not commonly used in the chemical industry. It is occasionally studied to help understand reactions of other ethers.

## Sources
History painting

, 1556&ndash;1559, a classic history painting, showing a dramatic moment in a mythological story, with elements of figure painting, landscape painting and still-life.]]
 Returning the Thirty Silver Pieces'' by Rembrandt, 1629.]]
**History painting** is a genre of painting. Artists paint scenes the know from history. They might also be from mythology. History  painting was popular from the 17th to 19th century. Unlike other styles it is defined by the subject or idea, and not by the painting technique.
LiMiEL

The ***Lexique informatisé des mots insolites à étymologie latine***, commonly called ***LiMiEL***, is a French-language dictionary of rare and newly created words whose etymology comes from Latin. It is an independent, non-profit linguistic project that publishes lexicographic data under an open ODC-By license, allowing their use, copying, redistribution, modification, and the creation of derivative works, provided the source is credited. This neology project uses Omeka, a free software for managing digital libraries, to organize and collect its lexicon. ***LiMiEL*** is notable for creating its own neologisms based on Latin. It was created in 2025 and it is in constant expansion. 

## References
Campbell River, British Columbia

**Campbell River** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on East Coast of Vancouver Island and is in the Sayward Land District. 

The population of Campbell River was 37,117 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Langford is Kermit Dahl.

There is debate about the reason for the cities name but most believe that it was named for Canadian surgeon Samuel Campbell who was on board the HMS *Plumper* and worked as an assistant surgeon. Before Europeans arrived, the area was first settled by both the Kʼómoks and other settlers from Coast Salish Indigenous peoples. In 1792, Captain George Vancouver sailed to Campbell River on the HMS *Discovery* and HMS *Chatham*. 

## References 
## Other websites
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Éric Bélanger

**Éric Bélanger** (born December 16, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He played parts of 16 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Los Angeles Kings, Carolina Hurricanes, Atlanta Thrashers, Minnesota Wild, Washington Capitals, Phoenix Coyotes, and Edmonton Oilers. Outside of the NHL, he also played for the HC Bolzano of the Serie A and Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Bélanger played parts of three seasons with the Beauport Harfangs and one season with the Rimouski Océanic of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL).

He was drafted 96th overall by the Los Angeles Kings in the 1996 NHL entry draft. He was immediately sent down to the AHL-affiliate Halifax Citadels. He played 6 games with the Citadels, scoring 4 goals and recording 4 assists for 8 points. On October 6, 2000, the Kings called him up and he made his NHL debut in a 4–1 win against the Washington Capitals. During the second period, Bélanger also scored his first NHL goal against Craig Billington. After the NHL went into a lockout, he decided to head overseas and signed a contract to play for the HC Bolzano of the Serie A. He scored 13 goals and recorded 10 assists for 23 points in 12 games. He returned to the Kings after the lockout ended.

On September 29, 2006, the Kings traded Bélanger along with Tim Gleason to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for Oleg Tverdovsky and Jack Johnson. With the Hurricanes, he scored 8 goals and recorded 12 assists for 20 points in 56 games.

On February 9, 2007, the Hurricanes traded Bélanger to the Nashville Predators in exchange for Josef Vašíček. He never played a game for them and was traded the next day to the Atlanta Thrashers in exchange for Vitaly Vishnevskiy. With the Thrashers, he scored 9 goals and recorded 6 assists for 15 points in 24 games.

On July 3, 2007, Bélanger signed a three-year, $5.25 million contract to join the Minnesota Wild. He spent parts of three seasons with the Wild.

On March 3, 2010, the Wild traded Bélanger to the Washington Capitals in exchange for a 2010 second-round pick. With the Capitals, he scored 2 regular season goals and recorded 4 assists for 6 points in 17 games.

On July 3, 2007, Bélanger signed a one-year, $750,000 contract to join the Phoenix Coyotes. With the Coyotes, he scored 13 regular season goals and recorded 27 assists for 40 points in 82 games.

On July 1, 2011, Bélanger signed a three-year, $5.25 million contract to join the Edmonton Oilers. During his two seasons with the Oilers, he did not have much success. He only scored 5 goals and recorded 15 assists for 19 points in 104 games. On July 4, 2013, the Oilers waived and bought out the rest of his contract, making him a free agent.

On July 15, 2013, Bélanger decided to leave the NHL and went overseas after signing a one-year contract to join Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

On September 25, 2013, Bélanger announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## References
## Other websites 
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Langford, British Columbia

**Langford** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Southern Vancouver Island. 

The population of Langford was 46,584 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Langford is Scott Goodmanson. It is neighboured with Colwood in the southeast, Highlands in the north, Metchosin in the southwest, and View Royal in the northeast.

The city is named after Captain Edward Langford. Langford settled the area in 1851 when he built a Hudson's Bay Company farm and lived in the area with his family. Langford moved back to the United Kingdom in 1861.

## References 
## Other websites
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Kimberley, British Columbia

**Kimberley** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in Southeast British Columbia and is part of the East Kootenay regional district.

The population of Kimberley was 8,115 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The city is known for its history in the Cariboo Gold Rush and its important mining industry. In 1896, Colonel William Ridpath named the city after a mine in Kimberley, South Africa. The town as once known as the "Bavarian City of the Rockies" since their downtown core had a Bavarian theme with the world's largest free-standing cuckoo clock. It was popular for tourists during the 1970s and 1990s but they since changed the theme because it was not attracting as many new visitors.

The Sullivan Mine ran in the city from 1909 until it was closed in 2001. At the time of running, it was the largest lead-zinc mine in the world. After the mine was closed, the concentrator site became known as SunMine and was turned into the largest solar PV plant in Western Canada at the time.

The Kimberley Alpine Resort, located in the Purcell Mountains, is a popular destination for tourists who go there to ski and snowboard. The city is home to the Kimberley Dynamiters of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League (KIJHL) and they play their home games at the West Fraser Centre. The city was home to the Quesnel Millionaires of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) from 1975 until 2011 when they moved to Chilliwack to become the Chilliwack Chiefs.

## References 
## Other websites
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Alkoxy group

An **alkoxy group** is a part of a chemical in organic chemistry. Alkoxy groups have an alkyl group connected to an oxygen atom, with the oxygen atom connected to the rest of the molecule. **Aryloxy groups** are similar groups that have aryl groups instead of alkyl groups.

Alkoxy groups are used in the preferred IUPAC names of ethers; for example, dimethyl ether has the preferred name methoxymethane. The alkoxy structure is found in many other functional groups, but the oxygen-alkane chemical bond is usually less important to the compound's chemistry, so it is not named as an alkoxy compound.

## Sources
Parksville, British Columbia

**Parksville** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Nanaimo regional district.

The population of Parksville was 18,259 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Parksville is known for its beaches and holds an annual event called Parksville Beachfest which is a sand castle building competition.

Before Europeans arrived, the area was first settled by members of the Qualicum, Nanoose and Snuneymuxw First Nations. In 1886, a road was built that reached to Parksville with the extension to Qualicum Beach being built in 1894. After the railway was built, they built it out to Parksville in 1910 and also extended it out to Qualicum Beach in 1914. The city is named for Nelson Parks, the first postmaster to have work in the city.

## References 
## Other websites
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Terrace, British Columbia

**Terrace** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Northwest region and is in the Skeena Country region.

The population of Terrace was 12,017 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Terrace is known for its fishing and forestry industries. It was known as the "Cedar Pole Capital of the World" in the 1920s because they made cedar poles for telephone and power poles that were then shipped around the world.

Before Europeans arrived, the area was first settled by members of the Kitsumkalum and Kitselas Indigenous peoples. In 1892, Tom Thornhill traveled to Terrace and was the first European to settle in the area.

## References 
## Other websites
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Port Alberni

**Port Alberni** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Alberni Valley at the head of the Alberni Inlet.

The population of Port Alberni was 18,259 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Fishing and forestry are major industries in Port Alberni.

Before Europeans arrived, the area was first settled by members of the Tseshaht and Hupacasath First Nations along with Nuu-chah-nulth Indigenous peoples. The city is named for Spanish naval officer Pedro de Alberní y Teixidor who was the commander for Fort San Miguel. On June 23, 1946, an earthquake with a magnitude around 7.0 Ms and 7.5 Mw hit Port Alberni on 10:15 a.m. and there was lots of damage to the city. In 1967, the towns of Alberni and Port Alberni merged together to become the city of Port Alberni.

The city is home to the Alberni Valley Bulldogs of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) and they play their home games at the Alberni Valley Multiplex.

## References 
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Hindi Olympiad Foundation

**Hindi Olympiad Foundation** (HOF) is an educational and non-profit organization established in 2018, based in New Delhi, India which aims to promote the Hindi language through various initiatives like International Hindi Olympiad (IHO) and Amrit Kumbh Samman (AKS).

## International Hindi Olympiad 
Hindi Olympiad Foundation annually organizes the International Hindi Olympiad annually for students of classes 1 to 12.

The International Hindi Olympiad (IHO) generally consists of three levels: school, regional and international.

## Amrit Kumbh Samman 
Amrit Kumbh Samman (AKS) is an annual competition organized by the Hindi Olympiad Foundation for Principals & Teachers to showcase their artistic talents.

Amrit Kumbh Samman is an initiative under Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav and Amrit Kaal. 

## Accolades 
Hindi Olympiad Foundation's initiatives are widely promoted by the Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of Defence & boards like Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, etc.

## References
Abandon Your Friends

***Abandon Your Friends*** is the third studio album by American post-hardcore band From Autumn to Ashes. The album was released on August 30, 2005.

## Track listing
Williams Lake, British Columbia

**Williams Lake** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Northwest region and is in the Skeena Country region.

The population of Williams Lake was 12,017 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The city is known for its annual rodeo Williams Lake Stampede, which is the second-largest rodeo in Canada. 

Williams Lake is named after the Secwépemc chief William, whose helped protect the settlers in the area from a Tsilhqot'in uprising by stopping the Shuswap from joining it. In 1860, Gold Commissioner Philip Henry Nind and constable William Pinchbeck were sent to Williams Lake to start the first government in the town.

Thompson Rivers University has a campus located in Williams Lake.

The city is home to the Williams Lake Stampeders of the Central Interior Hockey League (CIHL) and they play their home games at the Cariboo Memorial Complex.

## References 
## Other websites
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Dalton metropolitan area, Georgia

The **Dalton Metropolitan Statistical Area** is an area in the north part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The United States Census Bureau says this area includes two counties. The main city is Dalton. 

In the year 2020, there were 142,837 people living in this area.

## Counties 
The area is made of two counties:
* Murray County
* Whitfield County 

## Cities and towns 
* Dalton (The largest city)
* Chatsworth
* Cohutta
* Eton
* Tunnel Hill
* Varnell
* Rocky Face (unincorporated)

## People and Income 
In the year 2000, there were 120,031 people living in the area.

### Groups of people 
The different groups of people living there were:

* 85.30% White
* 2.87% Black or African American
* 0.71% Asian
* 0.33% Native American
* 0.03% Pacific Islander
* 9.16% from other races
* 1.59% from two or more races
* 17.02% of the total population were Hispanic or Latino (of any race)

### Money 
The median household income (the middle amount of money a household makes in a year) was $38,187. The median income for a family was $43,404. Men made a median of $29,967 and women made $23,372. 

## References
Rune Andréasson

**Rune Herbert Emanuel Andréasson** (11 August 1925 – 15 December 1999) was a Swedish comic book writer, artist, and animator. He is most famous for creating the character **Bamse**, a bear known as "the world's strongest bear."

## Life and career 
Andréasson first trained to be an actor. He played several roles at the Gothenburg City Theatre (*Göteborgs Stadsteater*). He began making comic strips for children in 1944. His work has been published in many different languages.

Most of his characters were his own original ideas. Some of his early series included *Brum*, *Nalle ritar och berättar*, and *Teddy*. However, his biggest success was *Bamse*. Because the comic was so popular, it was later made into many cartoons and movies. Today, it is still one of the most famous comics in Sweden.

In the 1970s, Andréasson began hiring other artists to do the drawing, but he continued to write the stories. He was very strict about the content of his magazine. For example, he refused to allow commercial advertisements in the magazine because it was made for children. He also did not want to use his characters to sell a lot of toys or products.

## Retirement and death 
Andréasson retired in the early 1990s. He gave the rights to his comics to the publishing company Egmont. He died of cancer on 15 December 1999, at the age of 74.

## References 
## Other websites 
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2025–26 India Nipah virus outbreak

The ongoing Nipah virus infection, began lately on January 2026 was on the rise in the state of West Bengal.

The Nipah virus spiking cases since December 2025 in some areas of West Bengal near at the city of Kolkata.

## References
Sylvain Marconnet

**Sylvain Marconnet** (born 8 April 1976, Givors, Rhône-Alpes, France) is a retired French rugby union player who played mainly as a prop.

## Career 
A left-footed centre, he has also successfully adapted to the role of right-back throughout his career, notably under the guidance of French coach Bernard Laporte, who deployed him in that position during the 2003 Rugby World Cup. Originally from Givors (Rhône-Alpes), Marconnet gained his first professional rugby experience in nearby Grenoble, where he made his league debut in 1994 at the age of 18. After just three seasons, he moved to Stade Français.

With the Parisian club, Marconnet won five French league titles and a French Cup, and reached two Heineken Cup finals, losing both. In 2010, he left the capital club to join Biarritz Olympique Pays Basque. He made his international debut in 1998 against Argentina in the season-ending international match. He competed in the 1999 Five Nations Tournament and then in all Six Nations tournaments from 2001 to 2007, winning four titles, including two Grand Slam tournaments (2002 and 2004).

He also played in the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia, finishing fourth with his national team. In November 2011, he was invited to play in the Barbarians match against the Australian All-Star team.

He holds a Master's degree in Marketing and Business Development from HEC Paris.

## References
74th British Academy Film Awards

The **74th British Academy Film Awards**, commonly known as the **BAFTAs**, were held on 10 and 11 April 2021 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. The ceremony honoured the best national and international films of 2020 and early 2021 that were screened in British cinemas during the eligibility period.

The awards were presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ceremony was held across two nights with a modified format.

## Ceremony 
The opening night took place on 10 April 2021 and was hosted by Clara Amfo, while the main ceremony was held on 11 April 2021, hosted by Edith Bowman and Dermot O'Leary. 

## Nominations 
The nominations were announced on 9 March 2021. *Nomadland* and *Rocks* led the nominations with seven each. *Nomadland* ultimately emerged as the most awarded film of the ceremony.

## Winners and nominees 
Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold.

### Best Film 
* ***Nomadland***
* *The Father*
* *Promising Young Woman*
* *Rocks*
* *The Trial of the Chicago 7*

### Best British Film 
* ***Promising Young Woman***
* *Calm with Horses*
* *The Dig*
* *The Father*
* *His House*
* *Limbo*
* *Mauritanian*
* *Mogul Mowgli*
* *Rocks*
* *Saint Maud*

### Best Actor 
* **Anthony Hopkins** – *The Father*
* Riz Ahmed – *Sound of Metal*
* Chadwick Boseman – ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom*
* Adarsh Gourav – *The White Tiger*
* Mads Mikkelsen – *Another Round*
* Tahar Rahim – *The Mauritanian*

### Best Actress 
* **Frances McDormand** – *Nomadland*
* Bukky Bakray – *Rocks*
* Radha Blank – *The Forty-Year-Old Version*
* Vanessa Kirby – *Pieces of a Woman*
* Alfre Woodard – *Clemency*
* Wunmi Mosaku – *His House*

## Statistics 
* Most awards won: *Nomadland* (4)
* Most nominations: *Nomadland* and *Rocks'' (7 each)

## References
Bulgaria Air

**Bulgaria Air** is the national airline (flag carrier) of Bulgaria. Its main office is at the Sofia Airport in the capital city, Sofia. The airline was started in 2002 to replace the older national airline, Balkan Bulgarian Airlines. It is now a private company owned by Chimimport AD. Bulgaria Air flies to many big cities in Europe and the Middle East, and also has flights inside Bulgaria to the seaside cities of Varna and Burgas.

In 2026, the airline expanded its travel routes to include new destinations like Porto, Portugal. The airline uses a modern fleet of planes, including the Airbus A220, which is quieter and better for the environment. It also works with other famous airlines like Air France, Qatar Airways, and KLM so that passengers can easily travel to hundreds of other places around the world.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Scalefocus

**Scalefocus** is a private software engineering and IT services company based in Sofia, Bulgaria. Founded in 2012, it has grown into one of the largest technology companies in the Balkans. The company helps businesses with digital transformation by building custom software, managing cloud systems, and using Artificial Intelligence (AI). By 2026, Scalefocus has completed over 500 projects for clients in North America, Europe, and the Middle East.

The company operates several "delivery centers" where its engineers work, located in Bulgaria, North Macedonia, and Turkey. Scalefocus is well-known for its work in industries like healthcare, finance, and energy. It has received many awards, including being named the "Most Innovative Tech Company of the Year" at the 2024 and 2025 International Business Awards.
## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
MobiSystems

**Mobile Systems Ltd.** (commonly known as **MobiSystems**) is a multinational software company with its main office in Sofia, Bulgaria. It was started in 2001 by Stanislav Minchev and Dimitar Mitev. The company is famous for making office and productivity tools that work on many different systems, including Android, iOS, Windows, and macOS.

By 2026, the company's software has been installed over 550 million times by people in 195 countries. MobiSystems is a top partner for companies like Sony, and many of its apps come pre-installed on Sony Xperia phones.

## Main Products 
* **MobiOffice:** A complete office pack (formerly called OfficeSuite) that lets users create and edit documents, spreadsheets, and presentations.
* **MobiPDF:** A professional tool for reading, editing, and protecting PDF files (formerly known as PDF Extra).
* **Oxford Dictionary:** A collection of famous dictionary apps made under a special agreement with Oxford University Press.
* **MobiDrive:** A cloud service where users can save and sync their files across different devices.
* **File Commander:** A popular app for managing and organizing files on Android devices.

## Awards 
MobiSystems has won many international awards for its technology. In 2018, Google named its OfficeSuite an "Android Excellence" app. The company has also been recognized multiple times by the Bulgarian Association of Information Technologies (BAIT) for having the most successful Bulgarian IT product sold worldwide.

## Related pages 
* Microsoft Office (Competitor)
* Information technology
* Software engineering

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Kfar Tapuach

**Kfar Tapuach** (Hebrew: כְּפַר תַּפּוּחַ, *lit.*, Apple-village) is an Orthodox Jewish Israeli settlement in the West Bank and Gaza. 

It sits astride Tapuach Junction, a major traffic junction in the Israeli-occupied territories of the State of Palestine. The executive director of the village council is Israel Blunder, and the chief rabbi Simon Rosenzwieg. In 2023, it had a population of 1,606.

Bodies such as United Nations, European Union, International Criminal Court and USA consider Jewish settlements in the Palestinian territories illegal under international law, while the State of Israel and its supporters disputes this.

## History 
According to ARIJ, Kfar Tapuach was established in 1978 on land which Israel had confiscated from Palestinian town Yasuf.

## Demographics 
Kfar Tapuach is one of the more diverse Israeli settlements, with its population coming from a range of backgrounds. 

Founded by a core of Habbani Yemenite Jews from the moshav of Bareket, it has since absorbed Russian and American Jewish immigrants to Israel, a large group of Peruvian converts to Judaism from Trujillo, and others. Between February 2004 and August 2009, over 90 new families moved to Kfar Tapuach.

## Public services 
This Jewish settlement includes four synagogues, two *mikvaot* (ritual baths) for women and men, a nursery school, and three kindergartens.

## Biblical Tappuah 
Kfar Tapuach is named after biblical Tapuach (Tappuah or Tapuah), which appears in the Bible in the Book of Joshua (Joshua 12:17) as one of the first 31 cities conquered by Joshua Bin-Nun and the children of Israel.

## Connection to the Kach Party 
Kfar Tapuach is noted as a hub for followers of Meir Kahane (dubbed Kahanists).

## See also 
* Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane
* David Ha'ivri
* Kahanism
* Meir Kahane
* Yekutiel Ben-Yaakov
* Eden Natan-Zada
Allyl group

of an allyl group.]]

The **allyl group** is a piece of a chemical in organic chemistry. It has a double bond between two carbon atoms, with one attached to a third carbon atom that links to the rest of the molecule. Allyl compounds are a type of alkene.

## Chemistry 
The two hydrogen atoms on the non-double bonded carbon atom are called **allylic hydrogen**. The chemical bonds connecting allylic hydrogen atoms to the carbon atom is much weaker than normal hydrocarbon bonds, making allyl compounds more reactive than other hydrocarbons. Allyl radicals, cations, and anions are all stabilised by delocalized electrons across the three carbon atoms.

## Sources
Acetoxy group

The **acetoxy group** (also called **acetyloxy**) is a functional group in organic chemistry. It is another name for an acetate ester, used in chemical nomenclature for complex molecules or to talk about acetate as a protecting group. 

## Sources
Swiss Broadcasting Corporation

The **Swiss Broadcasting Corporation** (**SRG SSR**) is the Swiss public broadcasting association, founded in 1931, the holding company of 24 radio and television channels. Headquartered in Bern, the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation is a non-profit organisation, funded mainly through radio and television licence fees (79%) and making the remaining income from advertising and sponsorship.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kintex

**Kintex** is a company owned by the government of Bulgaria. It was started in Sofia in 1966. For many years, it was controlled by the country's secret police during the communist era. In the 1970s and 1980s, the company was famous for smuggling many types of goods, including cigarettes and heavy weapons. It sold these weapons to different groups in Turkey and other countries, making millions of dollars using secret bank accounts.

After the communist government ended in 1992, Kintex became a legal commercial business. Even though it is still owned by the state, it now follows modern trade laws. Today, the company is licensed to buy and sell equipment for the Bulgarian Army and police. It also works on engineering projects and sells military supplies to countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.

## Related pages 
* Smuggling
* Cold War
First Investment Bank

**First Investment Bank** (also known as **Fibank**) is a large private bank in Bulgaria. It was started on 8 October 1993 by Tseko Minev and Ivaylo Mutafchiev. The bank’s main office is in Sofia, and it has many branches across the country. By 2025, it was the fifth-largest bank in Bulgaria, holding about 8.2% of the country's banking market.

The bank provides services for regular people and large businesses, including bank accounts, loans, and credit cards. It also works in other countries nearby, with branches in Albania and Cyprus, and a smaller bank in North Macedonia. Today, the bank is owned by its original founders along with the Bulgarian Development Bank and the Valea Foundation.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Elbe Day

**Elbe Day**, (April 25 1945) is the day in 1945 during the Fall of Nazi Germany where US and Soviet forces met near the Elbe river at Strehla, separating German forces in the north and south of the country.
Mallory McMorrow

**Mallory Ann McMorrow** (born August 23, 1986) is an American politician who has been a member of the Michigan Senate since January 2019. She became senate majority whip on January 1, 2023. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She is currently a candidate for the United States Senate for the 2026 election.

## References
## Other websites
* Senate profile
* Campaign website
*
Whitehouse, New Jersey

**Whitehouse**, also spelled **White House**, is an unincorporated community inside Readington Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey.

## References
Soviet Union in World War II

When World War II in Europe began, the Soviet Union was involved in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol against the Empire of Japan. But the two countries made peace with Japan because the month before the war in Europe, the USSR and Nazi Germany signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. This established Nazi and Communist spheres of influence in Eastern Europe. The war in Europe began with the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 with the Wehrmacht (German forces) invading from the west, the Soviets joined 16 days later with the Red Army (Soviet forces) invading from the east. One month after the Polish campaign ended with a German-Soviet victory, the USSR invaded Finland in what is known as the Winter War. Fighting lasted for months until Finland gave up and gave the USSR land. From 1940 to 1941, the USSR annexed all of the Baltic states and took Bessarabia from Romania. On 22 June 1941 the pact with Germany ended when Germany (and other Axis countries) invaded the USSR in what is known as Operation Barbarossa, the Soviets saw many defeats in a period of six months at Smolensk, Kyiv, and Odesa. During Barbarossa, the Red Army and armies from the British Empire invaded Iran because the country had some sympathy to Germany. The Soviets saw their first major victory on the Eastern Front when the Red Army pushed back the Germans at the Battle of Moscow. The Axis armies launched an operation to try and reach the Caucasus region in summer 1942. German and Romanian forces were stoped at the city of Stalingrad in November and the Red Army encircled most of the Axis troops in the Stalingrad area, the Axis troops near Stalingrad and in the Caucasus would be pushed back in the next few months, the Red Army were stopped after liberating Kursk and the German forces later tried to retake the city but failed. The Soviets pushed the Axis back to pre-war Polish territory in January 1944. In June the Soviets started Operation Bagration and pushed the German forces back to Warsaw, where an uprising began. The Soviets entered the Balkans and helped the Yugoslav Partisans to liberate their country in 1944, the Vistula–Oder offensive and the East Prussian offensive started in January 1945 and pushed the Germans to the Oder by the end of the month. The Battle of Berlin happened in April and the Red Army linked up with the Western Allies. one of the last offensives on the eastern front was the Prague offensive where Soviet forces managed to link up with Czech Resistance fighters during an uprising that happened in the city. Germany surrendered on 8 May 1945 and the war in Europe ended. Months after the war in Europe was over, the USSR declared war on Japan in August and invaded Manchukuo (a Japanese puppet state). On 2 September 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allies and World War II was over.

## References
Adenomera martinezi

'''Martinez's tropical bullfrog'* (*Adenomera martinezi'') is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home
This frog lives in grassy places near rocks. Scientists have seen it  meters above sea level.

Scientists have not seen these frogs in protected places, but they saw it near Reserva Biológica Nascentes Serra do Cachimbo and on an air force base.

## Young
The male frog sits on the grass or in a hole underground and calls to the female frogs. The tadpoles swim in fields that flood for part of the year.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in a little danger of dying out. It does not live in a protected park, but it does live on an air force base where human beings do not change the plants or ground. In other places, human beings set fires to control the grass. Scientists do not know if this frog is good at living in places that human beings have changed.

## References
Methylene group

**Methylene group** can mean two different things in organic chemistry:
* Methylene bridge, , connecting two different parts of a molecule
* Methylidene group, , connected twice to the same part of a molecule
Phenyl group

of the phenyl group. The letter R shows where it connects to the rest of the molecule.]]

The **phenyl group** is a functional group (piece of a molecule) in organic chemistry. It has the chemical formula . It is related to the chemical benzene by removing one hydrogen atom. Phenyl is the simplest aromatic functional group (aryl group).

## Sources
Enol ether

of an enol ether. {{chem2|R^{1}|}}, {{chem2|R^{2}|}}, and {{chem2|R^{3}|}} can be any organic group, but {{chem2|R^{4}|}} can't be hydrogen.]]

An **enol ether** is a type of organic compound. They are ethers where the oxygen atom is next to a double bond between carbon atoms.

## Preparation 
Unlike other ethers, it is hard to make enol ethers using the Williamson ether synthesis. Enols are unstable versus changing into ketones, and vinyl halides are the wrong shape for the SN2 mechanism. Instead, enol ethers are normally made with an addition reaction between a terminal alkyne and an alcohol, using a strong base as a catalyst. A second route is transesterfication of vinyl acetate using transition metal catalysts.

## Sources
Karahisar Expedition (1418)

**The Karahisar Expedition** was a military operation launched by the Karakoyunlu against the Ottoman Empire in 1418. Pir Ömer, the Karakoyunlu governor of Erzincan, entered Ottoman territory and captured Karahisar and Karahisar Castle. As a result, the eastern Black Sea coast, with the exception of Samsun, came under Karakoyunlu control.

## Expedition 
Before Shahrukh's campaign to Azerbaijan, there were some disagreements in Ottoman-Karakoyunlu relations. Kara Yusuf's sending Pir Ömer, the ruler of Erzincan, to besiege Karahisar caused this tension. The ruler of the city, Hasan, son of Melik Ahmed, appealed to Prince Murad, the governor of Amasya, and Sultan Mehmed I Çelebi for help. However, Sultan Mehmed I Çelebi could not help Hasan, and the city was captured by Pir Ömer.

## References 
## Further readings 
* Tofiq Necefli, *Azerbaycan Karakoyunlu ve Akkoyunlu devletleri*, Çaşıoğlu Yayınları, Bakü 2012, s.159. ISBN 978-9952-27-358-8
Blake Fleming

**Blake Fleming** (born September 19, 1972) is an American drummer known for his involvement with several influential experimental bands.
Quesnel, British Columbia

**Quesnel** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the North Cariboo region and is in the Cariboo Regional District.

The population of Quesnel was 9,889 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The city is known for its history in the Cariboo Gold Rush and it important forestry industry. The city is named after Canadian fur trader Jules-Maurice Quesnel. In 1955, the villages of Quesnel and West Quesnel merged together to become Quesnel. Quesnel became a town in 1951 and then a city in 1981.

Quesnel Airport serves as the city's main airport and is located 7 minutes from downtown Quesnel.

The city is home to the Quesnel Kangaroos of the Central Interior Hockey League (CIHL) and they play their home games at the West Fraser Centre. The city was home to the Quesnel Millionaires of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) from 1975 until 2011 when they moved to Chilliwack to become the Chilliwack Chiefs.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Lê Hữu Đức

**Lê Hữu Đức** is a Vietnamese footballer and manager. As a footballer, he played for South Vietnam at the 1954 Asian Games, the 1956 AFC Asian Cup and the 1957 Merdeka Tournament. As a manager, he coached South Vietnam at the 1960 AFC Asian Cup and in 1964 Summer Olympics qualification.

## References
Beryllium hydride

**Beryllium hydride** is a compound made of beryllium and hydrogen. The chemical formula is . It has a molar mass of around 11.03 g/mol. Unlike other alkaline earth metal hydrides which are ionically bonded, beryllium hydride is considered covalently bonded. This compound is also nonpolar because the chemical structure is linear, which means the dipole moments are in opposite directions meaning they cancel each other out. This compound is also an exception to the octet rule because beryllium is electron-deficient meaning it only has four valence electrons instead of zero or eight.

## Formation of beryllium hydride
This compound cannot be directly made from beryllium metal and hydrogen gas. Instead it can be made from the reaction between dimethylberyllium () and lithium aluminium hydride () (first made in 1951), or the more pure sample reaction is beryllium borohydride ()and triphenylphosphine ().

The balanced chemical equation for the triphenylphosphine and beryllium borohydride reaction is:
:
Armstrong, British Columbia

**Armstrong** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Northern Okanagan regional district.

The population of Armstrong was 5,323 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The city is known for its history in the Cariboo Gold Rush and its important mining industry. The city of Armstrong is named after British politician and banker William Heaton-Armstrong. He helped finance and build  the Shuswap and Okanagan Railway, as well as, helped develop the community.

The town is known for its cheese-making. In its early days, Armstrong saw an increase of Dutch immigrants after World War II which also made Armstrong known for their cheese-making ability. Armstrong Cheese is a popular cheese producer from Armstrong who ship cheese products across Canada.

## References 
## Other websites
*
PissedConsumer

**PissedConsumer** is an American platform for consumer reviews. People use it to share problems and bad experiences with companies and products. Businesses can also reply to reviews and explain their side.

## Background 
The platform was started in 2006 by Michael Podolsky. It was made to help customers talk openly about poor service, unfair treatment, or bad products.

## Public activity 
In 2023, the website started the Ukraine Support Project. The project shares information about companies that continued working in Russia after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It helps people decide which companies they want to support.

In the same year, PissedConsumer appeared on the Inc. 5000 list of fast-growing private companies in the United States.

## References
Magnesium fluoride

**Magnesium fluoride** is an ionic compound made of magnesium and fluoride ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is around 62.3018 g/mol. The melting point of magnesium fluoride is around 1263&nbsp;°C. It occurs naturally in the rare mineral known as sellaite. 

## Preparation 
The most common way of making magnesium fluoride uses a source of hydrogen fluoride and a basic magnesium compound like magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate.
:

Because hydrogen fluoride gas is very dangerous, people often use solid bifluoride salts like ammonium bifluoride.
:

Magnesium fluoride is also made as a byproduct when magnesium metal is used to reduce fluorides of other metals. For example, the production of uranium metal from uranium tetrafluoride:
:

## References 
## Related pages
*Magnesium chloride
*Sodium fluoride
Duncan, British Columbia

**Duncan** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Northern Okanagan regional district.

The population of Duncan was 5,047 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The city of Duncan is named after William Chalmers Duncan, a settler in its early days. He built a farm called Alderlea and petitioned to have a Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway station on his land. It was successful and became known as Duncan’s Crossing. The area was first part of the District of North Cowichan and broke away to become Duncan on March 4, 1912.

The city is known as City of Totems because of the massive collection of 41 totem poles in the city. made by many of the Coast Salish peoples there.

The city is home to the Cowichan Valley Capitals of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) and they play their home games at the Cowichan Community Centre.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Video Collection International

**Video Collection International** (**VCI**) was a UK-based home video company, founded in 1984 as The Video Collection.

## History 
Originally part of Prestwich Group, based in New Southgate, London, it was the subject of a management takeover led by Steve Ayres as chief executive and Paddy Toomey (formerly Woolworths) as managing director. The vision for *Sell Through Video* was born with the powerful company Woolworths leading retail sales. After becoming an independent company in 1985, The Video Collection became the largest home video distributor in the UK. It also had two European divisions: Vídeo Colección, SA in Spain, Vidéo Collection France in France, as well as Strand VCI Entertainment (renamed Strand Home Video in 1992) in North America (sold in 1994 to The Handleman Company). The Video Collection was commonly in partnership with British television channels ITV and Channel 4, and distributed many of their titles from their franchises, such as *Thomas & Friends*. The Video Collection also managed the budget label Cinema Club. Due to financial difficulties in 1995 it was renamed to VCI. In 1999 the company was sold to the Kingfisher group. Kingfisher split the company into Woolworths Group in July 2001. In 2004 it merged with 2 Entertain, along with BBC Video, which is why VCI closed in 2005.

## References
## Other websites
* Official site
Imabari Shipbuilding

**Imabari Shipbuilding** is a Japanese company that builds ships. It is the largest shipbuilder in Japan. The company is owned by the Higaki family. They have many shipyards in places like Shikoku, Honshu, and Kyushu.

In 2020, Imabari built about 30% of all ships made in Japan. It built about 6.6% of all ships made in the world.

## History 
* 1901: Tameji Higaki started the company.
* 1942: Many small shipyards near Imabari were joined together to make the current company.
* 1956: The company built its first steel ship, named the *Fuji Maru*.
* 2017: The company built the *MOL Truth*. At the time, it was the largest container ship in the world. It could carry 20,000 containers.
* 2021: Imabari joined with Japan Marine United to create a new company called Nihon Shipyard. Imabari owns 51% of this new company.

## Shipyards 
The company has many locations where they build and fix ships:

* Imabari: The main office and a shipyard in Ehime Prefecture.
* Saijo: A large shipyard that builds very big ships.
* Marugame: A headquarters and shipyard on Shikoku island.
* Hiroshima: A shipyard that joined the company in 2014.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website in English
Williamson ether synthesis

The **Williamson ether synthesis** is a chemical reaction important to organic chemistry. The reaction makes an ether from an organohalide and an alkoxide. It is named after its discoverer, Alexander Williamson. Williamson's accidental discovery of the ether synthesis helped people understand the structure of ethers and alcohols.

The Williamson synthesis is the main way that chemists make unsymmetrical ethers, which can't be made by dehydration of alcohols.

## Reaction 
The Williamson ether synthesis is an example of an SN2 reaction. The alkoxide is made *in situ* using an alcohol and a strong base like sodium hydride. The alkoxide then acts as a nucleophile that attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the halide. Due to steric effects, the Williamson synthesis is normally done with a bigger alkoxide and smaller halide.

## History 
Alexander Williamson discovered the Williamson ether synthesis accidentally when trying to make heavier alcohols from ethanol (as potassium ethoxide) and ethyl iodide. Instead of the expected butanol, the reaction produced diethyl ether:
:

Before Williamson, chemists had two different theories about the relationship between alcohols and ethers. It was well known that ether could be made by dehydration of alcohols using sulfuric acid, and that diethyl ether had the chemical formula , but chemists could not agree on whether alcohols were a reaction product of ether and water (which would give ethanol a formula of ) or ethers were a reaction product from the elimination of water from two molecules of alcohol (which would give ethanol a formula of ). Because Williamson's reaction made ether from an alkoxide without giving off any other chemicals with oxygen, it showed that alcohols can't have more oxygen than ethers.

## Sources