open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bharata

**Bharata** has several meanings. Some of the meanings are given below:

* A king of Ancient India named Bharat. Ancient name of India was **Bharatavarsh**, the country of Bharata.
* Bharata was the name of one of the brothers of Rama, a god of the Hindus.
* A writer named Bharata wrote a book long back. The book is named *Natyashastra*, that is, the book of dramas.
* Bharata is another name for Republic of India. This has been noted in the constitution of India.
Themis

**Themis** is a Titan in Greek mythology. She is the titan of law and order. Her parents are Gaia and Uranos. She is also featured in the game Golden Sun 2 as the famous and one of the weakest weapons around the game called the Themis Axe.
Titan (mythology)

The **Titans** (, *Titânes* - "Straining ones") were members of the second generation of immortal beings in Greek mythology. Though many beings were referred to as Titans in the myths, the term is usually used in reference to the twelve children of Gaia and Ouranos.

They ruled the cosmos prior to the Olympians, with whom they fought for control of the universe in a series of battles known as the Titanomachy. The Olympians emerged victorious, as many of the Titans were cast into Tartarus.  

## The first generation (Ouranides)  
The first generation of Titans were the children of Gaia and Ouranos; known as the **Ouranides** or the **Elder Titans**, they were twelve in total. They were:
* Okeanos
* Tethys
* Koios (Coeus)
* Phoebe
* Hyperion
* Theia
* Kreios (Crius)
* Iapetos
* Themis
* Mnemosyne
* Kronos
* Rhea

## The second generation (Coenides, Creonides, Hyperionides, and Iapetionides)   
The second generation of Titans were mostly children of the original Twelve. These include the children of Okeanos and Tethys: the Potamoi, gods of rivers, and the Okeanides, who were three thousand in number, as well as the Nephelai, cloud nymphs. 

Then there was the offspring of Koios and Phoebe: sisters Asteria and Leto.  

Next came the children sired by Hyperion and Theia: Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon), Eos (the Dawn).

Afterwards came the sons of Iapetos and the Okeanid Asia/Klymene. Known as the Iapetionides, there were four of them: Atlas (the eldest), Prometheus and Epimetheus (who were twins), and Menoitios.  

Last but not least were the children of Krios and Eurybia (daughter of Gaia and Pontus): Pallas, Astraeus, and Perses, the latter of whom would go on to marry Asteria, with whom he sired Hecate, goddess of magic and witchcraft.
Lake Garda

**Lake Garda** is the largest lake in Italy. In Italian its name is **Lago di Garda**.

It lies in the north of Italy between Venice and Milan, in the regions of Veneto, Lombardy and Trentino.

The lake is 51.6 kilometres long and 17.2 kilometres wide. It covers an area of 369.98 square kilometres.

## Other websites 
* Lake Garda - Tourist Guide
* Webcams at Lake Garda
* Lake Garda - Travel Guide
Award

An **award** is something given to a person or group of people to recognize that they have done something very good. Usual awards are medal, trophy, ribbon, certificate, or plaque for example. Sometimes awards are called prizes, such as the Nobel Prize.

Awards can be given by any person or institution. Governments and militaries often give awards to their citizens for contributions they have made to the nation. This recognition can be given during the person's lifetime or even after they have died. In the United States if a military member receives a  award it is generally presented to their family members or next of kin. This can include medals like the Medal of Honor; promotions to the next higher grade or naming a building or ship after them.

Some entertainment awards are:
*Academy Awards
*Emmy Awards
*Grammy Awards
*Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award
*Juno Awards

## References
Tirunelveli

**Thirunelveli** is a city in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, India. It is also called **Nellai**. Thamirabarani River flows through Tirunelveli.

Tirunelveli is famous for a sweet that is generally referred to as 'Alwa' in Tamil. There are tiny villages in and around Tirunelveli like Alwarkurichi, Kalidaikurichi, Rangasamudram, Cheran Mahadevi.
Thirunelveli is a city in Tamil Nadu state of southern India. It is the headquarters of Thirunelveli District. Tirunelveli is about 2000 years old and is a town of old tradition. Thirunelveli was the capital of the Pandya Kingdom for some time, next to Madurai. 

Thirunelveli is on the banks of the river Thamirabarani; it is on the way to Kanniyakumari from Madurai. It is a twin town - Thirunelveli and Palayangkottai. The town is about 650kilometers away from Chennai. 

The temple of Nellaiappar and Gandhimadhi is in the centre of Tirunelveli. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and worshipped as Nellaiappar. Thiru-Nel-Veli (Thiru - Shri, Nel = Paddy, Veli = Fence). It is believed that food grains collected for worship at the temple were protected from the floods by the fence, hence the name Nel Veli came. 

The famous Courtallam Waterfalls are in Thirunelveli District. Thirunelveli is famous for Thirunelveli halwa.

## Gallery

File:Agasthiyamalai_range_and_Tirunelveli_rainshadow.jpg|alt=image of hills with dark skyline|The Agasthiyamalai hills cut off Tirunelveli from the Southwest_monsoon, creating a rainshadow region
File:Podhigai_shadow_falls_on_Lake.JPG|alt=image of hills with dark skyline|Podhigai mountain's shadow falling on Poovankurichi lake

## References
Domestic worker

in 1914]]

A **domestic worker** or **domestic servant** is a person who works within the scope of a residence. A domestic worker is a paid employee. They are free to leave their employment if they wish. Many domestic workers are required by their employer to wear a uniform when in their employer's home.

In the Victorian era, Britain had many domestic workers. The butler was the most important one.  At meal times he would be like a head waiter.  Other male domestic workers were often called "valets".  A valet (sometimes said with a silent "t") usually looked after his master’s clothes and comforts, and possibly looked after money matters as well.  Female domestic worker were usually maids who cleaned, cooks who prepared the meals, and nannies who looked after the children.  Gardeners did the gardening.

In the early 18th century, even some musicians were servants and had to wear livery (uniform).  In 1717, when composer Johann Sebastian Bach said he wanted to leave his job, the duke he worked for put him in prison.  In the 19th century, there were many domestic workers in Europe and the United States, as well as in other countries.  In the early 20th century, new laws were made in Britain to protect domestic workers, and give them more rights.

Today in many parts of the world domestic workers from poorer countries are often employed by people in the richer countries.

To ensure the right of decent work for all kind of domestic workers including migrant workers, International Labour Organization has made Convention No. 189 on domestic workers.

## Related pages
* Au pair
* Butler
* Chauffeur
* Cook (profession)
* Indentured servant
* Nanny
* Maid

## Other websites
Antonio Vivaldi

**Antonio Vivaldi** (born Venice, 4 March 1678; died Vienna, 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer. He was the most important composer in Italy at the end of the Baroque period. 

Vivaldi wrote more than 400 concertos for various instruments, especially for the violin. The scores of 21 of his operas, including his first and last, are still intact. His most popular work is the group of four violin concertos called "The Four Seasons". The girls were chosen because they showed exceptional musical abilities. They gave regular concerts, so as part of his duties Vivaldi wrote music for them to play.So Vivaldi composed over 800 hundred pieces and nearly 50 operas!

## Travels
In 1718 Vivaldi left Venice and moved to Mantua, where he became the director of music for the governor, Prince Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt. He composed his famous "Four Seasons" as well as several operas during this time. He went to Rome in about 1721, where he performed on several occasions for the Pope. While he was travelling, he continued to write music for the girls at the Pietà, over the years he sent them about 140 concertos. He went to a number of cities in Europe to have his operas performed including Vienna, Verona, and Prague. He often went back to Venice to rehearse his music with the girls.

Even though his music was popular, Vivaldi did not make a lot of money from his music. As newer musicians, and more modern styles became popular, he found it more difficult to earn a living. He moved to Austria to play for royalty but when the king died, he became poor and had no way to return home. He died, a poor man, in Vienna, on 28 July 1741.

## References
Cassandra

taking Cassandra,  painting on a drinking cup (kylix) by the Kodros Painter, c. 440-430 BC, Louvre]]
]]

**Cassandra** or **Kassandra** (, also 'Alexandra is pretty') was a person in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of King Priam of Troy and Hecuba, and twin sister of Helenus. She was famous for her prophesies of bad events.

The god Apollo gave her the gift of prophecy so that she would love him, but Kassandra did not want him. This made Apollo angry, but he could only change his gift and not take it away. So he made it that Kassandra could only foresee bad things, and that no one would ever believe her.

In the Trojan War Kassandra knew of the trick with the Trojan Horse, but no one believed her, and so Troy was destroyed. After the Trojan War she became a slave of Agamemnon. She warned him that his wife Klytaimnestra would kill him. But he would not believe her, and so Agamemnon was killed, and Kassandra shortly after him.

There is a work called *Alexandra* by Lykrophon. The poet is only known through this work which was done between 196 and 190 BC. The work has 1474 lines, which are done in jambic trimeters. This is what most Greek tragedies were written in.
Menelaus

**Menelaus** (, *Menelaos* - "wrath of the people") is one of the central figures in Homer's *Iliad* and a hero of the Trojan War. He was the son of King Atreus and Queen Aerope of Mycenae, and the brother of Agamemnon. He was the king of Sparta. His wife was Helen of Troy, said to be the most beautiful woman in the world. She was kidnapped by Prince Paris of Troy. That caused the Trojan War, as Menelaus sought to get Helen back. Prior to the war, Menelaus had one child with Helen, a daughter named Hermione.
Clytemnestra

painting. It shows Clytemnestra  with the Erinyes. It is from the Louvre in Paris]]

**Clytemnestra** (or **Klytaimnestra**) was a person in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of King Tyndareos of Sparta and his wife Leda. She was married to Agamemnon, King of Mycenae. With him she had children  Iphigenia, Elektra, Orestes and Chrysothemis.

After the Trojan War, Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthos killed Agamemnon. Agamemnon had sacrificed their daughter, Iphigenia, to the Gods to have wind to set sail for war. Clytemnestra and Aegisthos are later killed by her son Orestes.
Oneiroi

The **Oneroi** (Greek: *dreams*) were the sons of Hypnos, the god of sleep in Greek mythology. They were the personification of dreams. They were **Morpheus**, **Phobetor** (or Ikelos) and **Phantasos**.

They lived in caves in the far west, near the gates of the Underworld. They were sent through one of two gates there. One gate was made of horn, from there the true or prophetic dreams come from. The other gate was made of ivory, from there the false and meaningless dreams come from.

They were shown as black-winged daemons. 

The most powerful of the Oneiroi was Morpheus. His brothers Phobetor and Phantasos shape parts of dreams, while Morpheus shapes the dream in general. Morpheus shapes human figures, Phobetor shapes animal figures and Phantasos shapes inanimate objects. Morpheus is still depicted in popular fiction today.

## Related pages
*Morphine
Percussion instrument

**Percussion instruments** are musical instruments which are played by shaking or hitting. There are many different kinds of percussion instruments. A person who plays a percussion instrument is a percussionist. Percussionists are usually able to play lots of different percussion instruments, because the basic skills required are similar.

Some percussion instruments can play tunes. These are called “tuned percussion”. Tuned percussion instruments include: xylophone, glockenspiel, vibraphone, tubular bells and timpani.

Untuned percussion instruments include: bass drum, side drum (snare drum), maracas, castanets, cymbals, tambourine, claves and many more.

In an orchestra there can be more different kind of percussion instruments than in the other families: string, woodwind and brass instruments.  However, older music does not often use lots of percussion. Most music for orchestra by composers like Mozart, Gustav Mahler and Beethoven only use the timpani. In the 19th century, more percussion is added: cymbals, tambourine, triangle etc. In the 20th century, some composers may use very many percussion instruments.

Whenever any unusual instrument is used that does not fit into the category of string, woodwind, brass or keyboard, it is usually played by a percussionist. Sometimes composers have used things like typewriters, milk bottles or vacuum cleaners in their pieces.

## Class of Percussion
There are many different class of percussion instruments. There are for example:

* Latin percussion instruments
* Classic percussion instruments
* Modern percussion instruments

Latin percussion instruments are used in American-Latin Music. The instruments are  Maracas, Congas, Timbales...

Classic percussion instruments are used in the Harmony Orchestras. The instruments are Timpani, Bass Drum, Xylophone...

Drum kits can include bass drum, side drum, tom-toms, cowbells, cymbals (suspended and hi-hat) etc. Together with a string bass (double bass) they will form the “rhythm section” of a jazz group. A percussion player has to have a very good sense of rhythm. The other players rely on him or her to keep a steady beat and not to play so loudly that the others cannot hear the tune.

Modern percussion instruments are used in the Rock, Pop and Jazz music. There is just the drum set, but this is a percussion instrument with many possibilities. One can take for example a cowbell on the drum set or an tambourine. We have with the drum set uncountable possibilities.
James MacMillan

**James MacMillan** (born July 16, 1959) is a composer and conductor.

MacMillan was born at Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland.  He studied music at the universities of Edinburgh and Durham.  He writes a lot of music for the Scottish Chamber Orchestra. They play music at schools so that children can listen and join in with his music.

## Important music
*The Confession of Isobel Gowdie* (1990)  about a woman who lived in the 1600s. Many people believed in witches then.  In 1662 Isobel Gowdie was accused and tried for witchcraft. It was an unusual trial. She confessed without torture, There is no record of an execution. She walked away after confessing.

*Veni, veni, Emmanuel* (1992) is like a percussion concerto.  It is a piece for one percussion player who plays lots of percussion instruments, and an orchestra.  The main tune is the medieval hymn tune *Veni, veni, Emmanuel* (also sung as *O come, O come Emmanuel*).  Scottish percussionist Evelyn Glennie played it at a BBC Prom in 1992.

*Quickening* is music for a counter-tenor, two tenors, and baritone soloists; children’s choir, mixed choir, and large orchestra.  It is about birth and new life.  The children’s choir sing the words of the unborn baby.  They stand on a balcony or somewhere far away from the other choir and the orchestra.  Some of the words are “Glossalalia” (nonsense words).  It was performed at a BBC Prom in 1999.

## Other websites 
*James MacMillan at Boosey & Hawkes
Phoebe (Titan)

]]
**Phoebe** is a Titan in Greek mythology. She was associated with the moon. She is the daughter of Uranos and Gaia. She was married to her brother Coeus, and had two daughters: Leto  and Asteria. Leto bore Artemis and Apollo, Asteria is the mother of Hecate.
 
The Olympians beat the Titans in the ten-year war. She and the Titans were summoned by Zeus to Tarturus, in the Underworld.
Polyphemos

gives wine to Polyphemus]]

**Polyphemos** (or **Polyphemus**) is a Cyclops in Greek mythology. He is the son of the god Poseidon and Thoosa. Polyphemus is a creature of strength and immense stupidity who broke the cardinal rule of hospitality in Ancient Greece. He lived in a cave on an island, and he had sheep. On the island also lived several other Cyclopes.

Polyphemus appears in Homer's *Odyssey*. On his journey home to Ithaca after the Trojan War, Odysseus lands on the island of Polyphemus. They come to the cave where Polyphemus lives.  Polyphemus comes back and he traps them in his cave placing a boulder in front of the entrance, also eating some of Odysseus' men. Odysseus then thinks of a plan to get away. He tells Polyphemus that his name is "Nobody", and gives him wine to drink. When he is sleeping, Odysseus and his men take a log from the fire and shape the end of it to a point and drive it into the Cyclops', Polyphemus, only eye, so he could not see them anymore.  In agony he cries out to the other Cyclopes for help.  When they ask what has happened, he says that "Nobody" hurt him, so the Cyclopes leave him.  The next morning Polyphemus lets his sheep out of the cave, but touches their backs so no one of the men could ride out on them. But Odysseus and his men hold themselves on the underside of the sheep, and so they get out. When Polyphemus realizes that Odysseus got away, he cries out to the other Cyclopes again. They asked him what happened, and he said "Nobody hurt me.", and so the other Cyclopes went away again. When Odysseus was on his ship again, he called out in rage to Polyphemus saying that he, Odysseus was the one who had destroyed his eye. As Odysseus went away he mocked Polyphemus. This is hubris. Polyphemus was very angry and threw a rock at them, but it missed the ship. Then he pled with his father, Poseidon, for revenge that all of Odysseus' men should die and that Odysseus should only come home to Ithaca after ten years. All of it comes true, as is told in the *Odyssey*.
Federated States of Micronesia

**Micronesia**, officially the **Federated States of Micronesia**, is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, northeast of Papua New Guinea. The country is a sovereign state in free association with the United States. The capital city of Federated States of Micronesia is Palikir, Pohnpei.

The Federated States of Micronesia were formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, a United Nations Trust Territory under US administration. In 1979, they adopted a constitution, and in 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on U.S. aid.

The Federated States of Micronesia is hundreds of small islands divided in seven territories in Micronesia. The term *Micronesia* may mean the Federated States or to the region as a whole. This area is in Oceania.

## History 
The first people here lived about 3000 years ago. Spain colonized the islands in 1886, but sold them to Germany 3 years later.

## Related pages
*Federated States of Micronesia national football team
*List of rivers of the Federated States of Micronesia
*Micronesia at the Olympics

## References
## Other websites 
* Newspapers
Thanatos

**Thanatos** is the god of death in Greek mythology.  He is the son of Nyx and the twin brother of Hypnos, the god of sleep. 

Sigmund Freud, a famous psychologist, used the word in one of his theories. THANATOS was the god or personified spirit (*daimon*) of non-violent death. His touch was gentle, likened to that of his twin brother Hypnos(Sleep). Violent death was the domain of Thanatos' blood-craving sisters, the Keres, spirits of slaughter and disease. He is often confused with Hades, who is the god of the dead and underworld, not death itself.

Once when he was sent to fetch Alkestis (Alcestis) to the underworld, he was driven off by Herakles in a fight. Another time he was captured by the criminal Sisyphos (Sisyphus) who trapped him in a sack so as to avoid death.

Thanatos is also a reference to Thanos in the Marvel movie "End Game".
Ahimsa

**Ahimsa** (also ahiṃsā, ahinsa, Sanskrit:अहिम्स) is a Sanskrit word which means "non-violence” or "non-injury". The practice of ahimsa is an important aspect of religions like Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. A person who practices ahimsa generally eats vegetarian foods. A religious person who practices ahimsa does not take part in animal sacrifice.

In twentieth century, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Martin Luther King each followed a path of Ahimsa, though in different ways. They struggled without fighting, while asking for the rights of their followers.

## Buddhism
The concept of ahiṃsā forms the base of Buddhism. In Buddhism, the first of the five basic vows (*precepts*) that are undertaken voluntarily by those who practice, is "I undertake the training rule to abstain from killing". In Buddhism, killing any living being out of passion is considered 'hiṃsā' (injury) and abstaining from such act is 'ahiṃsā' (non-injury or nonviolence).

## References
## Citations
*
Malcolm X

**El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz** (Arabic: ٱلْحَاجّ مَالِك ٱلشَّبَازّ, romanized: al-Ḥājj Mālik ash-Shabāzz, May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) also known as **Malcolm X** was an African American nationalist  and civil rights activist. Before he became Malcolm X, his original name was **Malcolm Little.** Malcolm X's father was a Baptist minister whose skin was very dark, whilst his mother's skin was of a much lighter tone. His parents taught him to be proud of being black in an openly anti-black society. Malcolm X's father died when Malcolm was only six years old, leaving his mother in poverty.

In 1946, Malcolm was arrested at the age of 20 for armed robbery, but was released from jail 8 years later. He was introduced to the Nation of Islam and Islam while he was in jail, joining the Nation after he was released.

## Actions
At first, Malcolm X's actions and speeches were mostly inspired by the beliefs and teachings of the Nation of Islam. He taught that all white people were bad. Once he learned that the leader of the Nation of Islam was in relationships with many women, he quit the group and changed his religion to Sunni Islam. He went on a pilgrimage to see the Islamic holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. At this point, his opinions of white people got better, and he began to believe that white people could be good people, too. Malcolm X believed that black people should fight for their civil rights in any way they could, even if they had to become violent. He also thought that black people should support one another by shopping in stores owned by black people. He was critical of the civil rights movement.

## Personal life
Malcolm X had six children with Betty Shabazz. He had six grandchildren. Malcolm Shabazz was killed in May 2013. He also has two great-grandchildren.

## Death
On February 21, 1965, Malcolm X was shot multiple times in New York City after preaching about black rights. Three members of the Nation of Islam had a part in his murder.

## References
## Further reading
* Malcolm X Collections: speeches, interviews and books
Patanjali

**Patañjali** (fl. 150 BC or 2nd century BC) lived in the 2nd century. He was an Indian. He wrote the first grammar of Sanskrit language. He also wrote books about yoga.
He is also the author of the Mahabhyasa, a commentary on Katyayana's varttikas on Panini's Astadhyayi as well as an unspecified work of medicine (Ayurveda). 

## References
Calypso

]]
 by Jan Brueghel the Elder. It was done about 1616]] 

**Kalypso** or **Calypso** is a nymph in Greek mythology, who lives on the island Ogygia. Calypso is the daughter of Atlas.

In the *Odyssey*, the hero Odysseus comes to her island after escaping from the sea, and the death of his men. Odysseus was forced to stay with her for seven years. Calypso did not treat him well. Then later, the god Hermes came and told her that the gods said that she had to let Odysseus go. Calypso promised Odysseus immortality (that he would live forever) if he stayed, but he wanted to go back to his wife Penelope, and so he left her. She can be seductive at times.
List of dialects of English

There are several dialects of English used in different parts of the world.

## Africa
* Nigerian English
* South African English
* Sudanese English
* Zimbabwean English

## Asia 
* Hong Kong English
* Indian English
** Hinglish
* Japanese English
** Engrish
* Malaysian English
** Manglish
* Pakistani English
* Philippine English
* Singaporean English
** Singlish
* Thai English
** Tinglish

## Europe
s and s of English spoken in Great Britain and Ireland.]]
* Euro English

### Great Britain 
* British English
** Received Pronunciation (sometimes called "the Queen's English")
** Scottish English
** Welsh English

### Ireland
* Irish English (Hiberno-English)
** Ulster Scots dialects

## Oceania 
* Australian English
* Fiji English
* New Zealand English

## North America 
* American English
** African-American Vernacular English
** Appalachian English
** Southern American English
* Canadian English
* Jamaican English

## Related articles
* Comparison of American and British English
* Early Modern English
* Middle English
* Modern English
* Old English
* Oxford spelling
Agamemnon

* which was discovered by Heinrich Schliemann in 1876 at Mycenae. It is now believed to pre-date the legendary Trojan War]]

**Agamemnon** () was a legendary king of Mycenae, as told in *The Iliad''. The son of Atreus and Aerope, he was the brother of Menelaus, and the commander of the unified Greek forces in the Trojan War. His wife was Clytemnestra, with whom he sired Iphigenia, Electra or Laodike, Orestes and Chrysothemis. Homer's *Iliad* tells the story of his quarrel with Achilles, the greatest of the Greek warriors, in the final year of the war. Upon his return home from Troy, Agamemnon is murdered by Aegisthus, the lover of Clytemnestra. The story of his return home and subsequent murder is featured in the *Odyssey* (5.266).
Ravana

According to Hindu epic, **Ravana (IAST : Rāvaṇa; / ˈrɑːvənə)** was a demon king of the island of Lanka.

In the Ramayana, Ravana is described as a symbol of evil, though a learned scholar well versed in the Vedas. He appears as the primary antagonist, and is said to be the most revered devotee of Shiva, with his image being associated with him at some places. He also appears in several Buddhist and Jain texts.

## Pedigree 
* Grandfather(maternal) - King Sumaali
* Mother - Princess Kaykasee
* Grandfather(paternal) - Saint of Pulasthi
* Father - Saint of Waishrawa
* Wife - Princess Mandhodharee
* Son - Meganaadha (Indrajith)
* Brothers - Kuweara, Kumbhakarna, Vibheeshana
* Sister - Suparnakaa
* Father in law - Saint of Kaalaneam

## Kindom 
Capitol - Lankapura

Alakamandhaawa, Thapo wanaya, Gokannaka

## Written Books 
* Arka prakaasha
* Kumaara thanthraya
* Rasarathnaakaraya
* Watikaa Prakaranaya

## References 
# http://www.hindustantimes.com/Ravana-is-a-hero-for-Sinhala-nationalists/Article1-249335.aspx 
# https://wiralfeed.wordpress.com/2015/11/08/facts-about-ravana/

## Notes
Kabir

***Sant Kabir Saheb*** also known as ***Kabir Das*** and ***Kabir Saheb*** was born in 1398, in Varanasi and brought up in a Muslim weavers family by Niru and Nima. He was a mystic poet and a musician. He was one of the important saints of Hinduism and also considered a Sufi by Muslims. He is respected by Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs.  He was a disciple of saint Swami Ramananda. He was never formally educated and was almost completely illiterate. According to legend, the only word that he ever learned how to write was "ala". Kabir Sahib ji also told information about the Supreme God through his couplets and poems.

## Poetry of Kabir Das
It is because of poetry that Kabir is held in high esteem all over the world. Another beauty of Kabir's poetry is that he picks up situations that surround our daily lives. Thus even today, his poetry is relevant and helpful in both social and spiritual context. Following him means understanding one's inner self, realizing oneself, accepting oneself as is, and becoming harmonious with one's surroundings.
Kabir das has written many poetries and songs. All of his recorded verses are in Hindi. His lyrics are characterised by a free use of the vernacular, and is unfettered by the grammatical bonds of his day. It is this quality which has made his philosophy accessible to generations of Indians. He always helped others.

## Dohe
Saint Kabir's Dohe (दोहे) is full of meaning and teachings. He believed God is one and people just worship him with different names and nicknames. Kabir has written the famous Dohe in Hindi. Kabir's poems were in vernacular Hindi, borrowing from various dialects including Awadhi, Braj, Bhojpuri as well as in Hindi.

## References
Ayurveda

**Ayurveda** () is an alternative medicine system from the Indian subcontinent. The word "ayurveda" is from the , , and means knowledge of life and longevity.

Ayurveda is pseudoscientific. Ayurvedic texts say: *the gods of Hindu mythology gave medical knowledge to legendary Hindu philosophers, who then gave the knowledge to human physician*s. However, the Indian Medical Association (IMA) says the practice of modern medicine by Ayurveda is quackery. 

## History 
According to Ayurveda, Dhanvantari (the Hindu god of Ayurveda), made himself into a human king by incarnation. He was king of Varanasi, and taught Ayurvedic medicine to a group of physicians. One of these physicians, named Sushruta, wrote the *Sushruta Samhita* (''Sushruta's Compendium*), an Ayurvedic text that includes this story. People have used many different Ayurvedic therapies through the history of India. Some ideas in Ayurveda may have existed when the Indus Valley civilization did, during the Bronze Age in India. 

During the Vedic period, Ayurveda went through many developments. Outside the tradition of the Vedas, Buddhism and Jainism also shared some ideas with the Ayurvedic texts from ancient India.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Ayurveda also changed for consumption in the Western world.

## Therapies 
Ayurveda therapies have varied and evolved over more than two millennia. These therapies have included herbal medicines, special diets, meditation, yoga, massage, laxatives, enemas, and medical oils. 

In ancient India, Ayurvedic texts gave explanations for surgeries and for the stitching of wounds to help wound healing. The ancient Indians knew how to take out kidney stones and how to do rhinoplasty (plastic surgery for the nose). 

Medicines are typically based on chemical compounds taken from plants, minerals, and metal substances (perhaps because of the influence of early Indian alchemy or *rasa shastra'').

## Effectiveness 
There is no good evidence that Ayurveda works or helps for any disease. 

Some Ayurvedic products are dangerous and contain lead, mercury, and arsenic. In 2008, nearly 21% of Ayurvedic products sold on the internet and made in India and the United States contained lead, mercury, and arsenic (heavy metals) in quantities that are toxic. There may be public health dangers that result from this, but that is not known.

## References 
### Cited references 
* 
*  (Republished by National Informatics Centre, Government of India.)
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Arges

**Arges**, **Argeş**, or **Argeș** might mean:

* Arges (Cyclops), a Cyclops in Greek mythology 

## Places in Romania
*Argeș County, a county
*Argeș River, a river in the south of the country
*Curtea de Argeş, a city along the banks of the Argeş River
*Ţinutul Argeş, a former administrative division
Music theory

**Theory of Music** is all about trying to understand how existing music works and how new music could or should be organized. Someone who makes a special study of music theory is a **music theorist**.

People who make their own music are composers. People who play or sing music are “performers”. It is important for both composers and performers to understand what makes the music sound the way it does. In the times of the Ancient Greeks the famous philosopher Pythagoras tried to explain how instruments are tuned. He understood the science of the good vibrations that the instruments make and explained how and why the octave is divided into twelve parts(in some cultures).

In the Middle Ages there were several famous music theorists who wrote books about music theory. Their ideas are interesting for us because they tell us what people thought about music at that time.

In the 18th century some composers wrote books on music theory. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (son of the famous Johann Sebastian Bach) wrote a book called: “An Essay on the true art of playing the Keyboard”. Leopold Mozart (the father of the famous Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) wrote a book called *The Art of Playing the Violin*. Both these books were extremely well known in their day. In spite of their titles the first halves of these two books are both about a branch of music theory called "performance practice": They tell us a lot about how music was played in those days, how some rhythms were played quite freely and how ornaments in the music were played.

Today people who want to compose will study music theory, perhaps at college or university school of music.  In a conservatory program, they study harmony and counterpoint as well as form; in other programs, they spend less time on the theories of the past. They will be taught “rules”. These rules are not laws, they simply mean: the way that most great composers wrote music in the past. These rules describe what composers of the past did, rather than telling composers of today what to do -- in fact, music composed today can have completely different rules than the music of the past. 

Music theory is important for people who perform music because all these things help people to understand the music they are playing.

## Related pages 
*Musicology
Sita

temple bas-relief of Sita being kidnapped by Ravana with Jatayu (on the upper left) tried to help her. Prambanan temple complex Java, Indonesia ]]

In Hinduism, **Sita (सीता)** was the daughter of Janaka and wife of Rama, an avatar of god Vishnu. The word Sita means “furrow”, that is, the line created on the farm when it is ploughed. She is believed to be the daughter of Bhūmi in many legends. 

There is a story about Sita's birth. Her father Janaka was ploughing the land and a furrow was formed. From that furrow a baby girl came out. Janaka took the girl as his daughter and named her Sita.

In Hinduism, Sita is considered a form of the goddess Lakshmi. Sita is worshiped for her greatness and for her loyalty. She was the goddess of loyalty and her responsibility.

## References 
## Other websites
Khadijah bint Khuwaylid

**Khadijah bint Khuwaylid** () (555 - 619) was the first wife of Muhammad, an Islamic prophet. Her nickname was Khadijah al-Kubra. She was known by the special names Thahira and Ummu Hinth. She was the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad and bint Za'idah. Khadijah is widely known as the first person to convert to Islam. Khadijah is known as '''''Umm-al-mu'minin* *'which means "the Mother of the Believers".

## Children 
Khadijah had six children with Muhammad.
* Qasim ibn Muhammad, died in 605 CE, before his second birthday
* Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad, died in childhood in 615 CE
* Zainab bint Muhammad, married to her maternal cousin Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabee
* Ruqayyah bint Muhammad, married to Uthman ibn Affan
* Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad, also married to Uthman ibn Affan after Ruqayyah's death
* Fatimah, married to 'Ali bin Abi Talib
555

## Events
* King Chlothar I adds the Frankish territories of Metz and Reims.
* King Erb of Gwent dies; his kingdom is divided into Gwent and Ergyng in Southern Wales (approximate date).
* Chinese Liang Dynasty: Jing Di, age 12, succeeds his father Yuan Di.

*Birth of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
619

## Events
* Heraclius prepares to leave Constantinople. He moves the Byzantine capital to Carthage.
* The Second Perso-Turkic War is fought. It ends with a strong Persian victory.
* Muhammad's wife, Khadija, dies after 24 years of marriage. 
* Kubrat, ruler of the Bulgars, is baptised in Constantinople.
* December 23 &ndash; Pope Boniface V succeeds Adeodatus I as the 69th pope of Rome.

* Death of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb

**Halima Sadia**  was an Arabic Beduin woman. She was a foster mother and took care of the prophet Muhammad for the first four years of his life. Halimah and her husband were from the tribe of Sa'd b. Bakr (a large North Arabian tribe).

## Relationship with Muhammad 
Foster mothers came to Mecca to feed children. It was the custom at that time in Makkah that families send their children to live for a while with a nurse who lived in the desert. This was healthier for their bodies to be around a natural environment instead of living in the city. They preferred that the fathers of the children they took care of were still alive. Although Muhammad's father was dead, Halimah took him just eight days after he was born. He grew up in Hudaybiyah, then in Medina before he was returned to his mother, Aminah bint Wahb.

Years after Muhammad's mother died and he became married to Khadijah, Halimah came to him complaining of her poverty. He asked Khadijah to give her 40 sheep. After Muhammad got his first revelation, Halimah and her husband came to Muhammad and embraced Islam. When she came to Muhammad on the day of Hunayn, he took off his robe and put it on the ground for her to sit.

When the group of foster mothers arrived at the Makkah city and they picked up most of the children, the last nurse arrived with her husband (Al-Harith) riding a donkey and old camel. She found only one orphan boy who had no father to pay her. She was ready to go back but she did not want to return without a baby. She decided to go back and pick up the orphan. As soon as she lifted that boy, her life changed and became filled with immense good fortune and blessings. The old camel, which had not given a drop of milk, was soon over flowing with milk. Although she was the last women leaving makkah on her donkey, she passed her friends. This was indeed a great blessing for her and for this poor Bedouin family.

After two years, Muhammad was returned to his mother Amina. She told Amina about the great blessings that she had received when Muhammad was in her care, but soon, Amina was persuaded by Halima and her husband (Al-Harith) to return the child back with them for another two years to protect him from a spreading disease in Makkah.

## References
Sarasvati (disambiguation)

**Sarasvati** may mean several things. Some of the meanings are written below:

*Sarasvati was a river of Ancient India: Saraswati River.
*Sarasvati is a goddess of Hindus: Sarasvati.
*Sarasvati is a common name of girls in India.
Sarasvati River

**Sarasvati River** was one of the major rivers of Ancient India. The river flowed through parts of western and northern India. Then in Allahabad, the river merged with the Jamuna River.

At one time, Sarasvati was a deep river. The river dried up and became lost over a few hundred years, possibly between 2000 and 1500 BC.

## References
Holi

**Holi** is one of the major festivals of Hindus. It is celebrated in South Asian countries, especially in India and Nepal. Hiranyanaksap wanted to kill his son, so he called his sister, Holika. She had a magic robe. This robe had the power to save the wearer from burning in fire. Hiranyakashyap ordered his sister to sit on a burning fire along with Prahlad. He thought that his sister would not be harmed by the fire of the magic robe and Prahlad would be burnt to death. But the result was the opposite of what the evil demon king planned.

Thus Prahlad came out of the burning fire safely and Holika was burnt to death. Holi is the festival of colours. It is celebrated with colors to mark the victory of virtue and goodness over evil.

The festival is celebrated for two days. The 2nd day, Rang Panchami marks the closing day of the Holi festival.

People are seen with different varieties of colors on Holi. They put colors on each other, sing, dance. They worship Lord Krishna and put colors on his idol.

Families gather together and Parvi the whole day...

## References Happy Holi colors 
## Other websites
* History of Holi - Kamadahana Festival
* 
* How to practice safe Holi , Government of India
* Holi in pictures from *The Guardian*
Rhea (mythology)

**Rhea** () is one of the Titans in Greek mythology. She is a daughter of Gaia and Ouranos. She was the sister and wife of Kronos. She was the mother of Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus). She was known as the "Great Mother" (*Magna Mater*). Rhea was not very important in the Ancient Greek religion. The Roman Rhea is Ops.

## Name
Scholars think Rhea’s name comes from the word  (*rheo*), which means "flow" or "ease."

## Story 
### Birth 
Uranus kept all his children in a prison. But the youngest child, Cronus, escaped.  Gaia helped him defeat his father. Cronus became king in his place. He freed his brothers and sisters. He married his sister Rhea. Rhea and Cronus fought Ophion and Eurynome, daughter of Oceanus. Rhea could wrestle. She fought Eurynome herself. Rhea and her husband threw them into the ocean. Rhea and her husband became rulers in their place.

### Husband and children 
Cronus heard that one of his children would defeat him, the way he had defeated his father. When his children were born, he swallowed each one.  They did not die.  They were alive in his stomach.  When Rhea had her sixth, Zeus, she hid him from Cronus.  She gave Cronus a stone to swallow instead.  She hid Zeus in Crete. When Zeus was grown, he would fight his father and save his brothers and sisters. They became the Olympian gods. Rhea stopped ruling as the queen of the gods. Instead of being a queen, she became a supporting goddess on Mount Olympus. She had some roles and stories in the new Olympian times. She was there when her grandson Apollo was born. She cared for her other grandson, Dionysus. When Hades kidnapped her granddaughter Persephone, Rhea went to stop Persephone's mother Demeter from crying. In the story of Pelops, she was reborn in the unlucky youth after he was killed.

### Later stories 
Rhea and Aphrodite saved Creusa (the wife of Aphrodite's son Aeneas) from slavery after the fall of Troy. Rhea knew that the bodies of ships had been made from trees cut from her holy mountains, so she made the wood become sea nymphs.

The man Melanion wanted to marry Atalanta, and Aphrodite, goddess of love, helped him do it.  But Melanion forget to thank Aphrodite for her help. So Aphrodite made the couple have great passion for each other when they were near a temple of Rhea. The two then went to have sex inside the temple. This made Rhea very angry.  Rhea turned them into lions.

## References
Reggae

**Reggae** is a music genre that is from Jamaica that was developed in the late 1960s. Most music from Jamaica comes from the reggae style.

The music has regular chops on the back beat (off-beat).  These are called “skank”, and are played by a rhythm guitarist.  The bass drum hits on the second and fourth beat of each measure (each bar). These are called the “drop”. Reggae bands also use a bass, a keyboard or organ, and horns.

Reggae music is often used by Rastafarian groups. They are usually songs about religion, love and social problems. Bob Marley (1945-1981) was the most famous reggae artist. Other popular reggae artist are Peter Tosh, Bunny Wailer, Jimmy Cliff, Ziggy Marley, Burna Boy. 

Famous instruments in reggae music are drums, guitar, saxophone, trumpet and trombone.

Reggae was started in 1960 but became famous in the 1970s.

Reggae songs often have lots of backing singers.

Rapper Snoop Dogg released an album of reggae music in 2013.

Som[
Refugee camp

When there is a war or some other armed conflict in a country, many people will try to flee (run away) from that country. They will go to other countries, around the country where there is no war. Because they fled, they are called refugees.

If there are just a few refugees coming into a country it is generally no problem to get housing for them somewhere. However, if there are many (or if the government of a country expects many) refugees, it may build what is called a **refugee camp**. This is usually done by putting many tents, and a few toilets and showers on an unused plot (stretch) of land. This is usually land where no one wants to live.

Usually the governments hope that conflicts get resolved soon, and that those camps are only temporary.

This has not been the case for the refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, for example. Those camps have existed since the mid-1970s.

File:Elley-Sinai-refugee-camp01.jpg|Av refugee camp in the Gaza Strip
File:Refugee camp in Guinea.jpg|A refugee camp in Guinea
File:Rwandan refugee camp in east Zaire.jpg|A Rwandan refugee camp in east Zaire
File:Kiziba refugee camp.jpg|A Congolese refugee camp in Rwanda

## Related pages
* Tent city
* Burj el-Barajneh refugee camp in the Lebanon
* United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
* United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

## Other websites
* Camp Management Toolkit  published by Norwegian Refugee Council
* Shelter Library  Resource for organisations responding to the transitional settlement and shelter needs of displaced populations
* U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants' Campaign to End Refugee Warehousing  in refugee camps around the world, people are confined to their settlement and denied their basic rights.
Rubber

s made of rubber]]
**Rubber** is a type of material called a polymer. It can be produced from natural sources (e.g. natural rubber) or can be synthesised on an industrial scale. Many things are made from rubber, like gloves, tires, plugs, and masks. Some things can be made only from rubber. Sometimes the word means only natural rubber (*latex rubber*). Natural rubber is made from a little wood from an oak tree such as the *Hevea brasiliensis* (Euphorbiaceae). Synthetic rubbers are made by chemical processes.

## Properties 
Rubber can stretch and shrink. Rubber can also contain gases. It is an insulator, which means that it does not conduct electricity.

## Producers 
*Hevea brasiliensis* is the tree that most rubber comes from. Other plants that have the special sap (called latex) are figs (*Ficus elastica*), *Castilla* (Panama rubber tree), euphorbias, lettuce, the common dandelion, Taraxacum kok-saghyz (Russian dandelion), Scorzonera tau-saghyz, and Guayule.

In the 1800s, most sap to make rubber came from South America. In 1876, Henry Wickham got seeds from rubber trees in Brazil, and took them to Kew Gardens, England, and sent them to Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Indonesia, Singapore and British Malaya. Later, Malaya (now Malaysia) made the most rubber. People tried to grow rubber in India, in 1873 at the Botanical Gardens, Kolkata. The first *Hevea* farms in India were made at Thattekadu in Kerala in 1902. The Congo Free State in Africa  grew a lot trees for rubber at the start of the 20th century, and most of the people who worked on those farms were forced labor. Liberia and Nigeria also started growing trees to make rubber.

## Industrial development 
Charles Marie de La Condamine presented samples of rubber to the Académie Royale des Sciences (Royal Academy of Science) of France in 1736. In 1751, François Fresneau read a paper to the Académie (eventually published in 1755), which described many of the properties of rubber. This has been referred to as the first scientific paper on rubber. and the transportation industry. Rubber products are also employed in matting and flooring applications.

## References 
## Related pages 
* Eraser - Sometimes called a "rubber"