Pink tide

The **pink tide** (, , ), or the **turn to the left** (, , ), was a political wave and influence of left-wing governments in Latin American with a **second pink tide** starting in the late 2010s.

## Background
The pink tide showed some countries moving away from the neoliberal economic model at the start of the 21st century. During this wave, many Latin and South American countries supported economic progressive or social progressive policies.

### Decline
The pink tide was followed by the conservative wave, a political wave that began in the early 2010s as a direct reaction to the pink tide, in which many pink tide countries later elected conservative presidents.

Some saw the death of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez with the rise of this replacement Nicolas Maduro, the impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, the election of Mauricio Macri as President of Argentina and Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa's retirement as key reasons for the pink tide's decline and the rise of the conservative wave.

### Second pink tide
A second pink tide has been seen in the late 2010s to early 2020s as there was a rise in left-wing politicians being elected presidents. It was first seen in Mexico in 2018 and Argentina in 2019. Other left-wing victories were later seen in Bolivia in 2020, along with Peru in 2021, Honduras in 2021, Chile in 2021, Colombia in 2022, and Brazil in 2022.

Many violent protests against austerity laws and income inequality, starting in 2019 such as with the 2019–20 Chilean protests, 2019–2020 Colombian protests, 2019 Ecuadorian protests, and the 2021 Colombian protests, are seen as key factors for the pink tide's return.

## Pink tide leaders
These are the left-wing and centre-left presidents who were elected during the pink tide in Latin America since 1999. Centre-left presidents have a * next to them.

File:Presidente Nestor Kirchner (cropped).jpg|alt=ArgentinaNéstor Kirchner2003–2007|'***Néstor Kirchner2003–2007
File:Cfksenado2021 (cropped).jpg|alt=ArgentinaCristina Fernández de Kirchner2007–2015|****Cristina Fernández de Kirchner2007–2015
File:Mensaje de fin de año del Presidente Alberto Fernández (cropped).jpg|alt=ArgentinaAlberto Fernández *2019–2023|****Alberto Fernández *2019–2023
File:Evo Morales Ayma (cropped 3).jpg|alt=BoliviaEvo Morales2006–2019|****Evo Morales2006–2019
File:Luis Alberto Arce Catacora (Official Portrait, 2020) Cropped I.png|alt=BoliviaLuis Arce2020–present|****Luis Arce2020–present
File:Foto oficial de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2023–2027).jpg|alt=BrazilLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva *2003–20102023–present|****Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva *2003–20102023–present
File:Dilma Rousseff - foto oficial 2011-01-09.jpg|alt=BrazilDilma Rousseff *2011–2016|****Dilma Rousseff *2011–2016
File:Ricardo Lagos (45777830295) (cropped).jpg|alt=ChileRicardo Lagos *2000–2006|****Ricardo Lagos *2000–2006
File:Portrait Michelle Bachelet.jpg|alt=ChileMichelle Bachelet *2006–20102014–2018|****Michelle Bachelet *2006–20102014–2018
File:Retrato Oficial Presidente Boric Font.jpg|alt=ChileGabriel Boric2022–present|****Gabriel Boric2022–present
File:Viaje oficial de Pedro Sánchez por América Latina Colombia (1) (cropped).jpg|alt=ColombiaGustavo Petro2022–present|****Gustavo Petro2022–present
File:Rafael Correa in France (cropped).jpg|alt=EcuadorRafael Correa2007–2017|****Rafael Correa2007–2017
File:Presidente del Ecuador, Lenín Moreno Garcés 5 (41059887005) (cropped).jpg|alt=EcuadorLenín Moreno2017–2021|****Lenín Moreno2017–2021
File:Mauricio Funes (Brasilia, May 2008).jpg|alt=El SalvadorMauricio Funes *2009–2014|****Mauricio Funes *2009–2014
File:Cadena 12 (34186610605) cropped.jpg|alt=El SalvadorSalvador Sánchez Cerén 2014–2019|****Salvador Sánchez Cerén 2014–2019
File:Foto oficial de Álvaro Colom (cropped).jpg|alt=GuatemalaÁlvaro Colom *2008–2012|****Álvaro Colom *2008–2012
File:Zelaya en Brasil Agosto 2009.jpg|alt=HondurasManuel Zelaya2006–2009|****Manuel Zelaya2006–2009
File:Xiomara Castro 2022 (cropped).jpg|alt=HondurasXiomara Castro2022–present|****Xiomara Castro2022–present
File:Reunión con el presidente electo y equipos de trabajo 6 (cropped).jpg|alt=MexicoAndrés Manuel López Obrador *2018–present|****Andrés Manuel López Obrador *2018–present
File:Ortega Lula - ABr 28.07.20102225 (cropped).JPG|alt=NicaraguaDaniel Ortega2007–present|****Daniel Ortega2007–present
File:Panama.MartinTorrijos.01.jpg|alt=PanamaMartín Torrijos *2004–2009|****Martín Torrijos *2004–2009
File:Laurentino Cortizo (cropped).jpg|alt=PanamaLaurentino Cortizo *2019–present|****Laurentino Cortizo *2019–present
File:Fernando-Lugo--w.jpg|alt=ParaguayFernando Lugo *2008–2012|****Fernando Lugo *2008–2012
File:Ollanta Humala Tasso.jpg|alt=PeruOllanta Humala *2011–2016|****Ollanta Humala *2011–2016
File:Pedro Castillo EU.jpg|alt=PeruPedro Castillo2021–present|****Pedro Castillo2021–2022
File:Visita Oficial del Presidente de Uruguay 2 (cropped).jpg|alt=UruguayTabaré Vázquez *2005–20102015–2020|****Tabaré Vázquez *2005–20102015–2020
File:Mujica.jpg|alt=UruguayJosé Mujica *2010–2015|****José Mujica *2010–2015
File:Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías.jpeg|alt=VenezuelaHugo Chávez1999–2013|****Hugo Chávez1999–2013
File:Nicolás Maduro (2019-10-25) 02.jpg|alt=VenezuelaNicolás Maduro‡2013–present|***'Nicolás Maduro‡2013–present

## Related pages
* Conservative wave

## References