open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Quezon Avenue

**Quezon Avenue** is an important road in the area of Metro Manila in the Philippines. With 6 to 14 lanes (3 to 7 lanes for each direction), it measures 7.1 kilometers (4.4 miles) long. It starts at the ellipse-shaped Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City and ends at the circle-shaped Welcome Rotunda at the border between Quezon City and Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Along the way, it meets Epifanio de los Santos Avenue and Gregorio Araneta Avenue. It is considered by most drivers as one of the most comfortable roads of Quezon City.

## Name
Quezon Avenue is named after Manuel L. Quezon, the second president of the Philippines. It was formerly known as **Don Mariano Marcos Avenue**, after Mariano Marcos, the father of former dictator Ferdinand Marcos. The road was built in the mid-1970s, during Marcos' time as the president of the country. Its name was changed to **Quezon Avenue** shortly after Marcos's presidency.
Ezekiel Anisi

**Ezekiel Anisi** (1 September 1988 – 24 May 2017) was a Papua New Guinean politician. He was a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea from August until October 2012, when he was unseated by the National Court, and from a December 2013 by-election until his death, representing the electorate of Ambunti-Dreikikir Open in East Sepik Province. He was the youngest MP in Papua New Guinea.

Anisi died on 24 May 2017 from possible cardiac arrest at a guesthouse in Port Moresby only weeks before the 2017 general election, aged 28.

## References
Juliana Koo

**Juliana Koo** (formerly **Young**; née **Yen**; September 26, 1905 – May 24, 2017) was a Chinese-American diplomat. She served as first head of the United Nations Protocol Department. She was a supercentenarian and after emigrating to the United States, she became the third wife of diplomat and politician Wellington Koo.

Koo died on May 24, 2017 in New York City, aged 111.

## References
Laura Biagiotti

**Laura Biagiotti** (; August 4, 1943 – May 26, 2017) was an Italian fashion designer. She was born in Rome, Italy. She had her first fashion show in 1972. The House of Biagiotti (based on Via dei Condotti in Rome) is now listed among the largest fashion houses in Italy with an expansion of products including accessories and watches. She moved to Beijing for some time and was the first Italian designer to present a collection in China, in April 1988.

Biagiotti died on May 26, 2017 in Rome from complications of a heart attack at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
*
Marga Minco

**Marga Minco** (pseudonym of **Sara Menco**, 31 March 1920 – July 10, 2023) was a Dutch journalist and writer. Her real surname was Menco, but an official accidentally switched the first vowel. She was born in Ginneken to an Orthodox Jewish family. In 1957 Minco published her first book, ''* ("The bitter herb"). The title of a later book was *Een leeg huis* ("A empty house").

## Awards 
* 1957 – Bureau voor Postreclame en Adressen De Mutator N.V. Short-story Prize for *Het adres*
* 1958 – Vijverberg Prize for *Het bittere kruid''
* 1999 – Annie Romein Prize for her entire oeuvre
* 2005 – Constantijn Huygens Prize for her entire oeuvre

## References
## Other websites
Rose quartz

**Rose quartz** is a translucent pink to rose-red variety of quartz. This color is due to the inclusion of dumortierite, and dumortierite also makes Rose quartz translucent. It is rarely found as a crystal and is far more common in massive form. 

Among gemstones, rose quartz is considered a semiprecious stone that may be used in jewelry. The earliest known use of rose quartz in civilisation was in 7000 BC, where in archaeological sites, researchers have found beads made from Rose Quartz in Egypt and other ancient civilisations. 

Rose quartz stones that are nearly transparent are sometimes cut to make flat surfaces called facets, to better reflect light. Rose quartz is also popular in the new age community for perceived metaphysical properties.

Rose quartz has a colorless streak, a hardness of 7, and a specific gravity of 2.6 to 2.7.

## References
Anaphrodisiac

An **anaphrodisiac** is something that makes the one who uses it less aroused. This can be a medicine, a food or a procedure. It is sometimes used to treat hypersexuals. It is also used for an animal that is in heat. Pills that lower the libido are sometimes called *antaphrodisiacs*.

## References
Denis Johnson

**Denis Hale Johnson** (July 1, 1949 – May 24, 2017) was an American writer. He was born in Munich, Germany. Johnson best known for his short story collection ''Jesus' Son* (1992) and his novel *Tree of Smoke'' (2007), which won the National Book Award for Fiction. He also wrote plays, poetry and non-fiction.

Johnson died at his home on May 24, 2017 in Gualala, California from liver cancer at the age of 67.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
* Intersection for the Arts, San Francisco
* KCRW Bookworm Interview 
* Profile at The Whiting Foundation
* Denis Johnson profile and poems at Academy of American Poets
* Denis Johnson at Library of Congress Authorities — with 25 catalog records
Lakona of Oahu

**Lakona** was High Chief of Oahu, a Hawaiian island.
## Life 
Lakona was born on Oʻahu around 1340. He was the son of High Chief Nawele and his wife, Kalanimoeikawaikai. Because of his father, Lakona is also known as **Lakona-a-Nawele**, which means "Lakona, son of Nawele". After the death of his father, Lakona became the ruler of his island. He ruled together with his female cousin, Maelo.

The wife of Lakona was called Alaʻikauakoko, who is also known as Kanakoko. They had a son, Kapaealakona, who succeeded Lakona after Lakona's death.

## References
Kapaealakona

**Kapae-a-Lakona** — also spelled **Kapea-a-Lakona** — was High Chief of Oahu in ancient Hawaii.
## Family 
He was a son of High Chief Lakona of Oʻahu and his wife, Chiefess Alaʻikauakoko — daughter of a man named Pokai and his wife Hineuki. After his father's death, Kapae became the Chief of Oʻahu. Kapae married a woman named Wehina, whose parents are not known today. Wehina and Kapae's only known child was Chief Haka of Oahu.
## References
Samsu-iluna

**Samsu-iluna** ruled Babylon from 1750 BC to 1712 BC. He was the son of Hammurabi, the conqueror of Mesopotamia. He became King after the death of his father in 1750 BC.
Sexbot

A **sexbot** is a robot that could be used for sexual intercourse. Sexbots do not exist yet, but they may exist in the future. It could be useful for people who are disabled or extremely shy. It has been predicted by some sociologists that sexbots will be used by TFLers (True Forced Loners) and people suffering from inceldom. Some analysts say that sexbots exist because young men outnumber young women in the dating scene.

## References
Hochfelden, Switzerland

**Hochfelden** is a municipality in the district of Bülach in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website of Hochfelden 
*
Alistair Horne

**Sir Alistair Allan Horne** CBE FRSL (9 November 1925 – 25 May 2017

Horne worked as a foreign correspondent for *The Daily Telegraph* from 1952 to 1955. He was the official biographer of British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan

Horne died on 25 May 2017 at his Oxfordshire, England home at the age of 91.

## Honours and awards
* CBE (1992)
* Knight Bachelor (2003)
* , Ordre de la Légion d'honneur (1993)
*Fellow, Royal Society of Literature (1968)

## References
## Other websites
*
Tom Daschle

**Thomas Andrew Daschle** (born December 9, 1947) is a policy advisor, lobbyist, former U.S. Senator from South Dakota, and former U.S. Senate Majority Leader. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Daschle was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1978 and served four terms. In 1986, he was elected to the Senate, becoming minority leader in 1994. Defeated for re-election in 2004, he took a position as a policy advisor with a lobbying firm, and also became a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress.  He co-authored a book supporting universal health care.

Daschle was an early supporter to Barack Obama's presidential candidacy, and was nominated by then President-elect Obama for the position of Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services after the 2008 election. However, Daschle withdrew his name on February 3, 2009, amid a growing controversy over his failure to report and pay income taxes accurately. 

Daschle is currently working for The Daschle Group, a Public Policy Advisory of Baker Donelson, a large law firm and lobbying group.

## References
Ayman Odeh

**Ayman Odeh** (, , born January 1, 1975 in Haifa) is an Israeli lawyer and politician. He is political leader both of Hadash ("New") and HaReshima HaMeshutefet / al-Qa'imah al-Mushtarakah ("The Joint List").

## Early life & education
Ayman Odeh was born in the year 1975. He was raised in the city of Haifa which is located within the neighbourhood of Kababir. His father was a construction worker. Even though their family was Muslim but his father sent him to a Christian school.

Ayman Odeh studied law at the University of Craiova located in Romania from 1993 to 1997. When he was studying in Romania then he took part in pro-Palestinian rallies. He also learned Romanian language and read the memoirs of various political thinkers and revolutionaries.

## Career
Odeh is an Arab Israeli and a  Muslim. He believes in socialism. He is in favour of Arab and Jewish Israelis collaborating, and is supporting Mizrahi Israelis, who in his opinion are neglected for Israeli Jews coming from the Western world. He also advocates weaponless Palestinian actions to reach its goals.

He started his political career in 1998 by becoming a councillor of Haifa on behalf of Hadash. This lasted till 2005. Next year he became secretary-general.

After several failing attempts to become a Member of Knesset in 2009 and 2013, Odeh has eventually succeeded in 2015. The very same year he had become political leader of Hadash and of The Joint List (last one is a cooperation of the four mainly Arab parties in parliament).

## References 
## Other website
* Bio at Knesset Website
Toni Bertorelli

**Toni Bertorelli** (18 March 1948 – 26 May 2017) was an Italian movie and television actor. He performed in over sixty movies from 1971 through 2016. He was born in Barge, Piedmont. His roles in *Death of a Neapolitan Mathematician* and Marco Tullio Giordana's *Who Killed Pasolini?* made his popular in Italy. He was known for his role as Annas ben Seth in Mel Gibson's 2004 movie *The Passion of the Christ*. 

From 2016 until his death, Bertorelli played the role as Cardinal Caltanissetta in the 2016 television series *The Young Pope* alongside Jude Law and James Cromwell.

Bertorelli died at a hospital in Rome, Italy from complications of pancreatic cancer at the age of 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sulaymaniyah

**Sulaymaniyah** ( Silêmanî; , *as-Sulaymāniyyah*), also called **Slemani**,, is a city in Iraqi Kurdistan. Sulaymaniyah is surrounded by the Azmer Range, Goyija Range and the Qaiwan Range in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Sulaymaniyah served as the capital of the historic Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850. The city is populated by Kurds.

The modern city of Sulaymaniyah was founded on 14 November 1784 by the Kurdish prince Ibrahim Pasha Baban who named it after his father Sulaiman Pasha.

From its foundation Sulaymaniyah has been a center of great poets, writers, historians, politicians, scholars and singers, such as Nalî, Mahwi, and Piramerd.

## References
Uri Avnery

**Uri Avnery** (, also transliterated **Uri Avneri**, 10 September 1923 &ndash; 20 August 2018) was an Israeli writer and founder of the Gush Shalom peace movement.

Avnery was born as *Helmut Ostermann* in Beckum, Germany.

Avnery was a member of the Irgun as a teenager, he sat in the Knesset from 1965 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1981. He was also the owner of *HaOlam HaZeh*, an Israeli news magazine, from 1950 until it closed in 1993.

He was famous for crossing the lines during the Siege of Beirut to meet Yassir Arafat on 3 July 1982, the first time the Palestinian leader ever met with an Israeli. He died on 20 August 2018 at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*Uri Avnery's official website
*Uri Avnery's weekly article
*Obama's trilateral meeting will fail – interview with Radio France Internationale in English, September 2009 
*Interview with Uri Avnery  Video Journalism Movement
Henry Tilney

**Henry Tilney** is the most important man in the story by Jane Austen called Northanger Abbey.

Henry is said to be the nicest of all Jane Austen's church men (pastors).  He is a good dancer and a good driver. He also talks in an amusing way.

## Meeting and marrying Catherine
Henry meets Catherine Morland at a dance, and they get on well. He laughs at her in a kind way.  He is a guide for Catherine, and comes to love her for her honesty.

Henry's father thinks Catherine is rich.  So he invites her to the family home at Northanger Abbey. Henry goes on looking after Catherine there, and they grow close. Then his father orders Catherine out of his house, as he now thinks she is poor.

Henry stands up to his father. He goes to Catherine's home, and asks her to marry him. They have to wait, but at last the father lets them marry.

## Related pages
*Romance

## References
Haka of Oahu

**Haka** (Hawaiian pronunciation: *Hah-kah*) was High Chief of the island of Oahu, in ancient Hawaii.
## Life 
Chief Haka was born on Oʻahu to High Chief Kapae-a-Lakona and his wife Wehina. He was a member of the House of Maweke of Tahiti. Haka was married to Kapunawahine. Their son was Kapiko-a-Haka. Kapiko-a-Haka married Ulakiokalani, and they had three daughters: Ka’auiokalani, Kaʻulala and Kamili.

Haka was killed and was succeeded by his relative Maʻilikākahi.

## References
Neonatal progeroid syndrome

**Neonatal progeroid syndrome**, also known as **Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome** is an autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome. Is characterized by low birth weight and old-born baby appearance, with rare hair, elongated nose, unexplained cranial stitches, a characteristic facial dysmorphia associated with fat loss, and mild mental retardation. The disease results from damage to the Fibrillin 1 (FBN1) gene.

As of 2017, there have been over 51 cases of NPS. Rarely do they reach adulthood. The average life expectancy  is 7 months. The syndrome was first described in 1979  by Hans-Rudolf Wiedemann, who previously described two cases of the disease: one in 1966 and another in 1977. Thomas Rautenstrauch in 1977 recognized the syndrome of two siblings as Progeria. It is associated with abnormalities in bone maturation, lipid and metabolism. It iss very rare - less than 1 in million births.

## Related pages
* Lizzie Velasquez

## References
Hofstetten bei Elgg

**Hofstetten bei Elgg** or **Hofstetten** was a municipality of the district Winterthur in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland.

On 1 January 2018, the former municipality of Hofstetten bei Elgg merged into the municipality of Elgg.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website 
*
Hombrechtikon

**Hombrechtikon** is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## Gallery 

File:Kirche Hombrechtikon.jpg|Church of Hombrechtikon
File:Lutikon-(Foto de Dietrich Michael Weidmann).jpg|Lutikon
File:Hombrechtikon Eglihaus.JPG|Eglihaus

## References
## Other websites 
* Official Website
Horgen

**Horgen** is a city in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It is the capital of the district of Horgen.

It is one of the larger towns along the south bank of the Lake Zurich.

On 1 January 2018, the former municipality of Hirzel merged into the municipality of Horgen.

## Villages 
Dorf, Arn, Horgenberg, Käpfnach, Oberdorf, Sihlbrugg Station, Sihlwald, Tannenbach, Waldegg and Horgen

## History 
It is also the type-site of Switzerland's middle Neolithic archaeological culture. The settlement there, the so-called *Horgner Kultur* (Horgen culture), produced examples of a type of crude pottery with parallels to the Seine-Oise-Marne culture of northern France.

## Gallery 

File:Horgen - Zürichsee 2010-06-01 17-34-22.JPG|Horgen
File:Bahnhof Horgen 2011 188.jpg|Horgen train station
File:Horgen - Sust - ZSG Helvetia 2015-09-09 17-36-38.JPG|Sust Horgen

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official city website 
* 
* 
*
August Ferdinand Möbius

or Möbius band is a topological object that only has one side. It is named after August Ferdinand Möbius]]
**August Ferdinand Möbius** (17 November 1790 - 26 September 1868) was a German astronomer and mathematician, who taught at the University of Leipzig. He wrote several articles on geometry and astronomy. He introduced concepts such as homogeneous coordinates, or that of Duality in Projective Geometry. He is also seen as one of the fathers of topology, in which his most famous creation is the Möbius strip.
Rance Howard

**Rance Howard** (**Harold Rance Beckenholdt**; November 17, 1928 &ndash; November 25, 2017) was an American actor. He acted in movies and on television. He was the father of actor and filmmaker Ron Howard and actor Clint Howard. He was the grandfather of the actress Bryce Dallas Howard.

Howard was born in Duncan, Oklahoma. He studied at the University of Oklahoma. He changed his name to "Rance Howard" when he became an actor. 

Howard's career began in 1956. He appeared in many movies such as *Cool Hand Luke* (1967), *Chinatown* (1974), *Ed Wood* (1994), *Independence Day* (1996), *A Beautiful Mind* (2001), *Cinderella Man* (2005), *Frost/Nixon* (2008), and in *The Lone Ranger* (2013).

Howard was married to Jean Speegle from 1949 until her death in 2000. In 2001, he married Judy Howard. She died in January 2017.

Howard died on November 25, 2017 in Los Angeles, California of heart failure complicated by the West Nile virus at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Genealogy Wiki 
* Interview May, 2014  in The Oklahoman
Sai Dhansika

**Dhanshika** is an Indian actress in Tamil movies. Her notable movies include *Peranmai* (2009), *Aravaan* (2012), *Paradesi* (2013), and *Kabali* (2016).

## References
Jamal Zahalka

**Jamal Zahalka**, Arab: جمال زحالقة , Hebrew: ג'מאל זחאלקה , (born January 11, 1955 in Kafr Qara) is an Israeli pharmacist and politician. He was political leader of Balad.

Zahalka is an Arab Israeli. He obtained several degrees in pharmacy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, including a PhD.

He was a Member of Knesset from 2003 to 2019. He was also leading the Balad party from 2007 till 2019, due to the flight of Azmi Bishara abroad. From 2015 to 2019 he was a Joint List politician.

Zahalka compares Israeli's policy towards the Palestinian territories with the former apartheid system of South Africa.

## References 
* Bio at Knesset Website
Höri

**Höri** is a municipality in the district of Bülach in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## References
Hütten, Switzerland

**Hütten** was a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the former municipalities of Hütten and Schönenberg merged into the municipality of Wädenswil.

## Gallery

File:Hütten ZH PICT0018.TIF|Hütten
File:Kirche Huetten ZH 1.jpg|Church of Hütten
File:Hüttensee - Bild-01.JPG|Hüttnersee

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website of Hütten
Illnau-Effretikon

**Illnau-Effretikon** is a municipality in Pfäffikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. About 16,000 people live there.

## History
On 1 January 2016, the former municipality of Kyburg merged into the municipality of Illnau-Effretikon.

## Villages
Illnau, Effretikon, Kyburg, Ottikon bei Kemptthal, Bisikon, Agasul, Bietenholz, Bilikon, First, Horben, Kemleten, Luckhausen, Mesikon and Oberkempttal.

## Twin towns
*  Orlova, Czech Republic
*  Grossbottwar, Germany
*  Arvigo, Switzerland
*  Mont-sur-Rolle, Switzerland

## References 
## Other websites
* Official Website
Kappel am Albis

**Kappel am Albis** is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## References
Humlikon

**Humlikon** was a municipality in Andelfingen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2023, the former municipalities of Adlikon and Humlikon merged to form the municipality of Andelfingen.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Hypersomnia

**Hypersomnia** is a medical condition which is characterized by unusual sleepiness. People with hypersomnia easily feel sleepy during the day, and fall asleep.  

Not to be confused with: The condition where people wake up often during the night and have trouble sleeping through the night is called insomnia, and falling to sleep during the day is called narcolepsy. Both of these are different, but like hypersomnia are a sleep disorder. 

Hypersomnia affects about five percent of the population, or about one of twenty people. Very often, people with sleep apnea suffer from hypersomnia. Hypersomnia can also occur with other conditions, such as mood disorders. 

If the hypersomnia is caused by a problem with the brain or nervous system, it is called **primary hypersomnia**. Narcolepsy is an example of a primary hypersomnia. If the hypersomnia is the effect of another condition, it is usually called **secondary hypersomnia**. Examples of secondary hypersomnia include someone losing consciousness because of epilepsy. Sleep apnea, cited above, is one of the most common forms of secondary hypersomnia. Certain drugs can also cause (secondary) hypersomnia.

Primary hypersomnia is very rare. Secondary hypersomnia are quite common.
Frank Deford

**Benjamin Franklin "Frank" Deford III** (December 16, 1938&nbsp;– May 28, 2017) was an American sportswriter, novelist and health activist. Over his 40 year career, he was a regular sports commentator on NPR's *Morning Edition* radio program (from 1980 to 2017).

Deford was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He studied at Princeton University. He was married to Carol Penner until his death in 2017. They had three children.

Deford wrote for *Sports Illustrated* magazine from 1962 until his death in 2017, and was a correspondent for the *Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel* television program on HBO.  He wrote 18 books, nine of them novels such as ''Everybody's All-American'' (1981).

Deford died on May 28, 2017, at the age of 78, at his home in Key West, Florida.

## References
## Other websites
* Frank Deford Archive at SI
* Frank Deford's Insider Archive  also at SI
* 
* Frank Deford, NPR Biography
* Frank Deford articles at Byliner
* Frank Deford  at Yahoo!
Saucy Sylvia

**Saucy Sylvia** (**Sylvia Cadeski**; July 27, 1920 – May 25, 2017) was a Canadian-born American comedian, classically trained pianist, singer, and radio personality. She was born in Owen Sound, Ontario. In the 1940s and the 1950s, she hosted *The Sylvia Show* on radio. 

Sylvia died at her home in Newport, Rhode Island from complications of pneumonia on May 25, 2017 at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*Sex is the thing that started it all
*0069
*Saucy Sylvia's Official Website
Don Robinson (rugby league)

**Donald "Don" Robinson** (4 June 1932  – 27 May 2017) was an English professional Rugby League World Cup winning footballer. He played in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, playing at representative level for Great Britain, England, Yorkshire, and Rugby League XIII, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (captain) (Heritage № 584), and Leeds.

## References
## Other websites
*England Statistics at englandrl.co.uk 
*Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk 
*Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org
*Floodlit feast at Odsal
Green Line (CTA)

The **Green Line** is a rapid transit line on the Chicago Transit Authority's "L" system. It is the only completely elevated route in the entire system. It uses the system's oldest segments (dating back to 1892), extending  with 30 stops between Forest Park and Oak Park (Harlem/Lake), through Chicago's West Side to the Loop, and then to the South Side and Englewood (Ashland/63rd) and Woodlawn (Cottage Grove/63rd). 

As of September 2012, the average number of weekday boardings on the Green Line is 70,554. The Green Line operates between Harlem/Lake and Cottage Grove, weekdays from 4:00&nbsp;a.m. to 1:00&nbsp;a.m., and Saturdays and Sundays from 5:00&nbsp;a.m. to 1:00&nbsp;a.m., and between Harlem/Lake and Ashland/63rd, weekdays from 3:50&nbsp;a.m. to 1:05&nbsp;a.m., and Saturdays and Sundays from 4:50&nbsp;a.m. to 1:05&nbsp;a.m.

## References
## Other websites
* Green Line at CTA official site
Blue Line (CTA)

The **Blue Line**, also known as the '''O'Hare-Congress Line** and the **West-Northwest Line''', is a  long Chicago "L" line which goes through the Loop from O'Hare International Airport at the far northwest end of the city, through downtown via the Milwaukee-Dearborn Subway and across the West Side to its southwest end at Forest Park, with a total of 33 stations. It is the CTA's second busiest rail line, with an average of 186,796 passengers boarding each weekday in September 2012.

## Background
The Blue Line and Red Line are the only two routes of the Chicago "L" system to currently run 24 hours a day and is one of only six rapid transit rail systems in the United States to do so (the others being the PATCO Speedline, Staten Island Railway, the PATH lines, Philadelphia's SEPTA and the New York City Subway). 

The Blue Line is also one of only two lines with more than one station with the same name, with the Green Line being the other (It has two stations at Harlem Avenue: one in the Kennedy Expressway on the Northwest side and one on the south side of the Eisenhower Expressway in Forest Park, Illinois. It also has two stations on Western Avenue: one on the O'Hare branch and one on the Congress branch). The Blue Line also has only three in-system transfers (all in the Loop), contains a combination of both the oldest and newest portions of 'L' tracks, and does not share tracks with any other 'L' line.

### Code name
Before the adoption of color-coded names, the Blue Line was referred to as the **West-Northwest** Route (which it is still sometimes referred to as today) or more commonly, the '''O'Hare-Congress-Douglas** route for its three branches. The Congress and Douglas branches were renamed for their terminals, **Forest Park** and **54th/Cermak''', when the current color naming system was adopted in 1993. Blue Line service on the Douglas Branch was discontinued in April 2008 and replaced by the Pink Line.

## Trivia
The Blue Line is one of five 'L' lines that run into Chicago suburbs, with the others being the Green, Purple, Pink, and Yellow lines. 

The Blue, Green, and Purple Lines are the only three rail lines that run through more than one suburb, with the Green and Purple Lines running through two, but the Blue Line actually runs through three, making it the rail line that runs through the most suburbs on the Chicago 'L' system.

In March 2014, a Blue Line train was derailed and crashed at the O'Hare train station, injuring 32 people.

## References
## Other websites
* Blue Line at CTA official site
Purple Line (CTA)

The **Purple Line** (or the **Evanston Line**) of the Chicago Transit Authority is a  route on the northernmost section of the Chicago "L" rapid transit system. Normally, it extends south from Linden Avenue in Wilmette, passing through Evanston to Howard Street, on Chicago's north side. In 2016, the average weekday boardings on the Purple Line was 10,187.

## References
## Other websites
* Purple Line at CTA official site
Chicago Transit Authority

**Chicago Transit Authority**, also known as **CTA**, is the operator of mass transit in Chicago, Illinois and some of its surrounding suburbs, including the trains of the Chicago "L" and CTA bus service.

The CTA is an Illinois independent governmental agency that started operations on October 1, 1947 upon the purchase and combination of the transportation assets of the Chicago Rapid Transit Company and the Chicago Surface Lines streetcar system. In 1952, CTA purchased the assets of the Chicago Motor Coach Company, which was under the control of Yellow Cab Company founder John D. Hertz, resulting in a fully unified system. 

Today, the CTA is one of the three service boards financially supported by the Regional Transportation Authority.

## References
## Other websites
*
Brown Line (CTA)

The **Brown Line** (or the **Ravenswood Line**) of the Chicago "L" system, is an  route with 27 stations between Chicago's Albany Park neighborhood and downtown Chicago. It runs completely above ground and is almost entirely grade-separated. It is the third busiest 'L' route, with an average of 101,881 passengers boarding each weekday in 2011.

The Brown Line operates to the Loop weekdays and Saturdays from 4:00 am to 1:30 am and on Sundays from 5:00 am to 1:30 am. The Brown Line Shuttle service, running only between Kimball and Belmont, runs from 4:00 am to 2:20 am on weekdays and Saturdays, and 5:00 am to 2:00 am on Sundays. At Belmont, southbound riders can transfer to the 24-hour Red Line.

## References
## Other websites
* Brown Line at CTA official site
Pink Line (CTA)

The **Pink Line** is an  rapid transit line in Chicago, run by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) as part of the Chicago "L" system. 

It is CTA's newest rail line and began operation for a 180-day trial period on June 25, 2006, running between 54th/Cermak Station in Cicero, Illinois and the Loop in downtown Chicago. The route to the Loop follows tracks shared with Green Line trains on Lake Street, connected by the previously non-revenue Paulina Connector. In September 2012, the average weekday boardings on the Pink Line was 33,737. The Pink Line does not make any 'L' train transfers on the Douglas Branch. 

The Pink Line operates between 54th/Cermak and the Loop, weekdays from 4:05&nbsp;a.m. to 1:25&nbsp;a.m., and Saturdays and Sundays from 5:05&nbsp;a.m. to 1:25&nbsp;a.m.

## Other websites
* Pink Line at CTA official site
* CTA Selects Winning Essay of Name the Line Contest  - CTA Press Release on the Pink line

## References
Allahabad Address

The **Allahabad Address** () is a speech by Pakistani scholar Sir Muhammad Iqbal.

The speech was given on 29 December 1930, at Allahabad, British India. This was during the 25th annual session of the All-India Muslim League. Iqbal wanted an independent state for Muslim-majority provinces in northwestern India. Iqbal said there could be no peace until the Muslim provinces were given the same privileges as the Hindu provinces.

## References
Kotagiri

**Kotagiri** is a panchayat town in The Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India. As of 2011 Census, the population of the town is 28,207 of which 13,607 are males while 14,600 are females.
## Reference
Nilgiris district

**Nilgiris district** is a district in Tamil Nadu, India. The district mainly lies in the Nilgiri Hills which gives the district its name. The capital of the district is the town of Ootacamund(Ooty). The highest point of Tamil Nadu, the Doddabetta peak is located in this district.

## Population
According to the 2011 census of India, the Nilgiris district had a population of 735,394 with a sex-ratio of 1,042 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929 females.
## Tourism
Nilgiris is a home to several hill stations that attracts tourists towards it. These include Ooty, Coonoor, Gudalur and Kotagiri. The Nilgiri Mountain Train, popularly known as the Toy Train, attracts tourists as the journey offers spectacular views of the hills and forests.
## References
Doddabetta

Doddabetta is the highest peak in the Nilgiri Hills and the state of Tamil Nadu. It is also one of the highest peak in South India. This peak is located in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. This summit is 9km away from Ooty, the district headquarters. The height of the summit is 2,637m.
## Reference
Kanchipuram district

**Kanchipuram district** is a district in the northeast of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The district has a total geographical area of  and coastline of . The town of Kanchipuram is the district headquarters. Kanchipuram District had been administered by the Pallavas, Cholas, Vijayanagar rulers and the British before Independence.
## Kanchipuram Silk
Kanchipuram district is known for its 'Silk', since it is one of the main professions of the people living in and around is weaving silk sarees. The silk weavers of Kanchipuram settled more than 400 years ago and made it as the producer of best silk sarees in the country.

## Population
According to the 2011 census of India, Kanchipuram district had a population of 3,998,252. The sex-ratio was 986 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 

## References
Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple

**Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple** is the oldest structure in Kanchipuram. Located in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, India, it is a Hindu temple in the Dravidian architectural style. It is dedicated to the Lord Shiva, and is known for its historical importance. The temple was built from 685-705AD by a ruler of the Pallava Dynasty. The low-slung sandstone compound contains a large number of carvings, including many half-animal deities which were popular during the early Dravidian architectural period.
## Reference
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales

***Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales*** is a 2017 American swashbuckler comedy action film. It is the fifth installment in the *Pirates of the Caribbean* movie series and the sequel to *On Stranger Tides* (2011). The movie is directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg from a script by Jeff Nathanson, with Jerry Bruckheimer serving again as producer. Johnny Depp, Geoffrey Rush and Kevin McNally reprise their roles as Jack Sparrow, Hector Barbossa and Joshamee Gibbs. It has Javier Bardem playing the main villain, Spanish ghost pirate Captain Salazar, Brenton Thwaites playing Will Turner and Elizabeth Swann's son Henry Turner, Kaya Scodelario playing Barbossa's secret daughter Carina Smyth with Paul McCartney make a guest apparicion playing Jack Sparrow's Uncle Jack. Orlando Bloom reprise his role of Will Turner who appear at the start and the ending of the film, additionally Keira Knightley make a silent  cameo (despite is an important cameo) at the end of the film reprising her role of Elizabeth Swann.

It was released in conventional, Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D and IMAX 3D formats on May 26, 2017.

Despite receiving mixed reviews from film critics, the film was positively welcomed from audience who praised its story, directing, humor, heart, emotional weight, character development, cast performances (especially those of Depp and Bardem), musical score, action scenes, special effects and the ending, it was also a box office success grossing over $285 million worldwide. A sequel is currently in development.

## Cast
*Johnny Depp as Jack Sparrow
*Javier Bardem as Armando Salazar
*Geoffrey Rush as Hector Barbossa
*[./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenton_Thwaites Brenton Thwaites] as Henry Turner
*Kaya Scodelario as Carina Smyth
*Kevin McNally as Joshamee Gibbs
*Golshifteh Farahani as Shansa
*David Wenham as Lieutenant John Scarfield
*Stephen Graham as Scrum
*Orlando Bloom as Will Turner
*Keira Knightley as Elisabeth Swann

## Sequel
A sixth final film is currently in development with Ronning back to direct while Ted Elliott, first four film's co-writer, and Craig Mazin will write the screenplay.

On 2020, Jerry Bruckheimer announced that the first draft of the screenplay is almost ready and that, even though he plans to have Johnny Depp in the movie, he doesn't know yet what role the character will have.

Later, Johnny Depp was confirmed to reprise his role and that the movie is expected to be released around 2024.

## References
Red Line (CTA)

The **Red Line**, sometimes known as the **Howard-Dan Ryan Line** or the **North-South Line**, is a rapid transit line in Chicago, run by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) as part of the Chicago "L" system. It is the busiest line on the "L" system, with an average of 251,813 passengers boarding each weekday in 2012. The route is  long with a total of 33 stations, from Howard station in Rogers Park on the north side, through the State Street subway and to 95th/Dan Ryan in Roseland on the south side. 

Like the Blue Line, the Red Line runs 24 hours a day, 365 days a year; it is one of only five mass-transit rail systems in the United States to do so (the others being the PATCO Speedline, Staten Island Railway, the PATH lines, and the New York City Subway). 

## References
Annamalaiyar Temple

Annamalaiyar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located at the base of Annamalai Hill in the town of Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu, India.It is significant to the Hindu section of Saivism as one of the temples associated with the five elements, and specifically to the element of fire, or Agni. The main deity of the temple is Arunachaleshwarar (Shiva) and his consort, Unnamalai Amman(Parvati).

The temple complex covers 10 hectares, and is one of the largest in India. It has four gateway towers known as "*gopurams*". The tallest is the eastern tower, with 11 stories and a height of , making it one of the tallest temple towers in India. The *Karthigai Deepam* festival is celebrated during the day of the full moon between November and December, and a huge beacon is lit at the top of the hill.The event is witnessed by millions of pilgrims from different parts of Tamil Nadu.
## Reference
Jewish-American organized crime

**Jewish-American organized crime** emerged within the American Jewish community during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It has been referred to variously in media and popular culture as the ***Jewish Mob***, ***Jewish Mafia***, ***Kosher Mafia***, ***Kosher Nostra***, or ***Undzer Shtik*** ().

## References
### Notes
Wallace Fard Muhammad

**Wallace D. Fard** aka **Wallace Fard Muhammad**  (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. He was also a seller of silk, incense, and perfume and was remembered as being a light skinned black man, a light skinned Arab, and a white man. Fard was last seen in 1933 by Elijah Muhammad, when Fard took off in an airplane from the Detroit airport.

## Related pages
*List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990

## References
Master boot record

The **master boot record** is the first 512 bytes of a partitioned mass-storage device such as a hard drive. The master boot record gives the BIOS information on things like partitioning, file systems, location of the operating system, etc.

Because the master boot record is crucial for running the operating system, any changes to it may make the contents of a hard drive unreadable until they have been fixed. In the past, there have been instances of malware making changes to the master boot record. One noticeable example of this is CIH.
Dharmapuri district

**Dharmapuri district** is one of the 38 district in Tamil Nadu state in India. The district came into existence from October 10, 1965. It is the first district created in Tamil Nadu after independence. Dharmapuri is the district headquarters. Dharmapuri town is historically called "Thakadoor". As of 2011 census, the district had a population of 1,506,843 with a sex-ratio of 946 females for every 1,000 males. The current average literacy of the district was 91.2% compared to the national average of 72.99%.

## References
Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu

Dharmapuri is a city and the administrative headquarters of Dharmapuri district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of top leading Mango producer of state.
## Population
According to 2011 census of India, Dharmapuri had a population of 68,619 with a sex-ratio of 1,013 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.As per the religious census of 2011, Dharmapuri (M) had 88.99% Hindus, 9.65% Muslims, 0.99% Christians, 0.02% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.01% Jains and 0.33% following other religioner.
## Reference
Tiruvannamalai district

**Tiruvannamalai district** is one of the 32 districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The town of Tiruvannamalai is the headquarters of the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,464,875 with  994 females for every 1,000 males.

## History 
Tiruvannamalai district is one of the  area in Tamil Nadu. The name of the district comes from its headquarters. The word "annamalai" in Tiruvannamalai means "the inaccessible mountain" and "Tiru" is a respectful title given. The temple town of Tiruvannamalai is one of the most ancient heritage sites of India and is a centre of the Saiva religion. The Deepam festival celebrated here attracts devotees from far and wide throughout South India. After independence Tiruvannamalai was under North Arcot District. The civil district of North Arcot was divided into Vellore District and Tiruvannamalai District in October 1989.

## References 
## Other websites 
*official website
Hogenakkal Falls

Hogenakkal Falls is a waterfall in South India on the Kaveri river in the Dharmapuri district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.Sometimes referred to as the "Niagara Falls of India," it is known for medicinal baths and hide boat rides, projecting itself as a major tourist attraction.

Carbonatite rocks in this site are considered to be the oldest of its kind in South Asia and one of the oldest in the world. The Government of Tamil Nadu made a proposal to convert the falls into providing drinking water for the state.
## Reference
Vellore district

**Vellore district** is one of the 32 districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India. It is one of the biggest district in Tamil Nadu. Vellore City is the headquarters of this district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,936,331 with a sex ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males.The Government of India recently included Vellore city into prestigious smart City project along with 26 more cities.

## Tourism
The Vellore Fort is the primary tourist attraction in the district headquarters Vellore.During British rule, Tipu Sultan's family and the last king of Sri Lanka, Vikrama Rajasinha, were held as royal prisoners in the fort. It houses a church, a mosque and a Hindu temple, the latter known for its carvings. The first rebellion against British rule erupted at this fort in 1806, and it witnessed the massacre of the Vijayanagara royal family of Emperor Sriranga Raya.The golden temple of *Sripuram* is another attraction in the district.Jalagandeeswarar Temple inside the Vellore fort dedicated to Jalagandeeswar, is noted for its sculptures.

## References
Vellore Fort

Vellore Fort is a large 16th-century fort in the center of Vellore city, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It was built by Vijayanagara kings. The fort was at one time the headquarters of the Aravidu Dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire. The fort has grand ramparts and wide moat.

The fort's ownership passed from Vijayanagara kings, to the Bijapur sultans, to the Marathas, to the Carnatic Nawabs and finally to the British, who held the fort until India gained independence. The Indian government maintains the fort with the Archaeological Department. During British rule, the Tipu Sultan's family and the last king of Sri Lanka, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha were held as prisoners in the fort.  The fort houses the Jalakanteswarar Hindu temple, the Christian St. John's Church and a Muslim mosque, of which the Jalakanteswarar Temple is famous for its magnificent carvings.  The first significant military rebellion against British rule erupted at this fort in 1806, and it is also a witness to the massacre of the Vijayanagara royal family of Sriranga Raya.
## Reference
Krishnagiri district

**Krishnagiri district** is a district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. This is a new district which was carved out from Dharmapuri district by 2004.  The municipal town of Krishnagiri is the district headquarters. In Tamil Nadu, *e-Governance* was first introduced at Krishnagiri district under the National e-Governance Project (NEGP) in revenue and social welfare departments on a pilot basis.  The district is one of the largest producers of mangoes in India. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,879,809 with a sex-ratio of 958 females for every 1,000 males.

## Mining and forestry based activities
Mining activities first started in the Krishnagiri district in the 1980s-1990s.This was mainly used to provided needed resource for the increased number of construction projects, for which many government issued quarry leases are being granted, namely Rough stone, granite, and Earth quarry leases. 

## Reference
Krishnagiri Dam

Krishnagiri Dam is a dam that spans the Thenpennai River by the village of Dhuduganahalli, located in Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, India. The Krishnagiri Dam is also known as **Krishnagiri Reservoir** **Project (KRP) Dam**. The KRP Dam is located  from Krishnagiri, between Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri which irrigates thousands of acres of land around Krishnagiri. The Dam is operational from 1958, inaugurated by the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu K. Kamaraj.

## Reference
Karur district

**Karur district** is a district located very centrally along the Kaveri and Amaravathi rivers in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The main town in Karur District is the city of Karur, which is also the district headquarters. The district had a population of 1,064,493 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males. A total of 102,731 were under the age of six, constituting 52,969 males and 49,762 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 20.8% and .05% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 68.3%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.

## Home textiles
Karur is famous for its home textiles. Karur has a place in five major product groups: bed linens, kitchen linens, toilet linens, table linens, wall hangings. Overall Karur generates around Rs.6000 crores in foreign exchange through direct and indirect exports. Allied industries like ginning and spinning mills, dyeing factories, weaving etc., employs around 450,000 people in and around Karur.

## References
Kulithalai

**Kulithalai** is a town in Karur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The recorded history of Kulithalai is known from medieval Chola period of the 9th century and has been ruled, at different times, by the Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire and the British Raj. M. Karunanidhi, five time Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and leader of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam won his first legislative elections from Kulithatlai constituency in 1962. 

The town is administered by the Kulithalai municipality, which covers an area of . As of 2011, the town had a population of 27,910.   The town is a part of the fertile Cauvery delta region and agriculture is the major occupation. Roadways are the major mode of transportation to Kulithalai and the town also has rail connectivity.

## Reference
Karur

**Karur** is the administrative headquarters of Karur District in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Karur is the district formed after independence and located on the banks of River Amaravathi and River Kaveri, it has been ruled, at different times, by the Chera, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Hyder Ali, Carnatic kingdom, and the British. It is located at a distance of  southwest of the state capital Chennai. Karur is the district located at the "heart" or center of Tamil Nadu. 

## Population
Karur had a population of 262580 with a sex-ratio of 1,032 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 6,147 were under the age of six, constituting 3,162 males and 2,985 females. 

## Economy
Major industries in Karur include:
* its exported woven textiles, by hand loom or by power loom
* the TNPL - Tamil Nadu government-sponsored paper factory
* the Chettinad cement factory
* the EID Parry sugar factory 
* worldwide export of bus body manufacturing
The two leading private rating banks have their headquarters in Karur: the Karur Vysya Bank (KVB) and the Lakshmi Vilas Bank (LVB).

## Reference