1400s

These are some important events that happened in the years from 1401 to 1410. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***141st decade*** which began on January 1, 1401 and ended on December 31, 1410.

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## 1400
* Henry IV stops the Epiphany Rising.  He kills the people who try to have Richard II of England restored as King.
* The princes of the German states remove Wenceslaus as Holy Roman Emperor.
* Rupert is elected as Holy Roman Emperor.
* Owain Glyndŵr is called Prince of Wales by his followers.  He begins attacking Englishplaces in north-east Wales.
* Manuel II Palaiologos becomes the first (and last) Byzantine Emperor to visit England.
* The Medici family becomes powerful in Florence.

### Births 
* Luca della Robbia, Florentine sculptor 
* Owen Tudor, Welsh courtier (d. 1461)

### Deaths
* January 5 &ndash; John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English politician (executed)
* January 5 &ndash; Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, English politician (executed) 
* January 13 &ndash; Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester, English politician (executed)
* January 16 &ndash; John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, English politician (executed)
* February 14 &ndash; King Richard II of England (probably murdered) 
* April 28 &ndash; Baldus de Ubaldis, Italian jurist 
* June 5 &ndash; Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, rival Holy Roman Emperor
* October 25 &ndash; Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet 
* December 24 &ndash; Archibald the Grim, Scottish magnate 
* Narayana Pandit, Indian mathematician

## 1401
* Timur raids the city of Baghdad in the Jalayirid Empire.
*A civil war starts in the Majapahit Empire in present-day Indonesia.

### Births 
* May 12 – Emperor Shoko of Japan
* October 27 – Catherine of Valois, queen of Henry VI of England 
* December 21 – Tommaso Masaccio, Italian painter 

### Deaths 
*October 20 – Klaus Störtebeker, German pirate
*Anabella Drummond, queen of Scotland

## 1402
* King Jogaila of the Poland–Lithuania union marries Anna of Celje.  She is a granddaughter of Casimir III of Poland.
* May 21 &ndash; Following the death of Queen Maria of Sicily, her husband Martin I of Sicily marries Blanche of Navarre.
* The University of Würzburg, Germany, is founded.
* The Great Comet of 1402 is sighted.

### Births 
* September 29 &ndash; Fernando, the Saint Prince of Portugal 
* Leonor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal 

### Deaths 
* March 26 &ndash; David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the throne of Scotland
* May 3 &ndash; João Anes, Archbishop of Lisbon
* July 13 &ndash; Jianwen Emperor of China 

## 1403
* February 7 &ndash; King Henry IV of England marries Joanna of Navarre.
* Henry 'Hotspur' Percy forms an alliance with Welsh rebel Owain Glyndŵr.
* July 21 &ndash; Battle of Shrewsbury:  King Henry IV of England defeats a rebel army led by "Hotspur" Percy.  Percy is killed in the battle by an arrow in his face.
* In China, the Ming Emperor Yongle moves the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.
* The world's first quarantine station is built in Venice.  It is to protect against the Black Death.
* Stefan Lazarević makes Belgrade the capital of the Serbian Despotate.

### Births 
* January 17 &ndash; George Kastrioti of Albania 
* February 22 &ndash; King Charles VII of France
* June 11 &ndash; John IV, Duke of Brabant 
*Robert Wingfield, English politician 
*Louis III of Naples

### Deaths 
* May 10 &ndash; Katherine Swynford, widow of John of Gaunt
* May 12 &ndash; William de Lode, English prior
* July 23 &ndash; Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (executed) 
* Beyazid, Ottoman Sultan 
* Hajji Zayn al-Attar, Persian physician
* Đurađ II Stracimirović, Serbian nobleman 

## 1404
* June 14 &ndash; Rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr allies with the French against the English. 
* October 17 &ndash; Pope Innocent VII succeeds Pope Boniface IX as the 204th pope.
* November 19 &ndash; St. Elizabeth's flood ruins parts of Flanders, Zeeland and Holland.
* Jean de Béthencourt becomes the first ruler of the Kingdom of the Canary Islands.
* Stephan Tvrtko II succeeds Stefan Ostoja as King of Bosnia.
* The University of Turin is founded.

### Births 
* February 9 &ndash; Constantine XI, last Byzantine Emperor 
* February 18 &ndash; Leon Battista Alberti, Italian painter, poet, and philosopher 
* March 25 &ndash; (baptism) &ndash; John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, English military leader 
* June &ndash; Murad II, Ottoman Sultan 
* July 25 &ndash; Philip I, Duke of Brabant 
* September 10 &ndash; Gilles de Rais, French aristocrat
* October 14 &ndash; Marie of Anjou, queen of Charles VII of France 
* Yamana Sōzen, Japanese warlord and monk 

### Deaths 
* April 27 &ndash; Philip II, Duke of Burgundy 
* September 14 &ndash; Duke Albert IV of Austria 
* September 23 &ndash; Eleanor of Arborea, ruler of Sardinia 
* September 27 &ndash; William of Wykeham, English bishop and statesman 
* October 1 &ndash; Pope Boniface IX 
* October 15 &ndash; Marie Valois, French princess 
* December 13 &ndash; Albert, Count of Holland

## 1405
* June 8 &ndash; Archbishop Richard le Scrope of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, were executed in York on Henry IV's orders.
* Bath Abbey is built in England.
* First written record of whiskey being drank is recorded in Ireland.  It was distilled by Catholic monks.
* Early feminist Christine de Pizan writes *The Book of the City of Ladies*.

### Births 
* March 6 &ndash; King John II of Castile 
* May 6 &ndash; George Kastrioti, Albanian national hero 
* October 18 &ndash; Pope Pius II

### Deaths 
* February 14 &ndash; Timur, Turco-Mongol monarch and conqueror 
* May 29 &ndash; Philippe de Mézières, advisor to Charles V of France

## 1406
* April 4 &ndash; James I becomes King of Scotland.
* October 26 &ndash; Eric of Pomerania marries Philippa, daughter of Henry IV of England.
* November 30 &ndash; Pope Gregory XII succeeds Pope Innocent VII as the 205th pope.
* December 25 &ndash; John II becomes King of Castile.
* Construction of the Forbidden City begins in Beijing.

### Births 
* September 26 &ndash; Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English soldier and politician 
* Ulrich II of Celje 
* Lorenzo Valla, humanist

### Deaths 
* January 6 &ndash; Roger Walden, English bishop
* March 19 &ndash; Ibn Khaldun, Arab historian 
* April 4 &ndash; King Robert III of Scotland
* May 4 &ndash; Coluccio Salutati, Chancellor of Florence 
* July 15 &ndash; Duke William of Austria
* August 28 &ndash; John de Sutton V 
* November 1 &ndash; Joanna, Duchess of Brabant 
* November 6 &ndash; Pope Innocent VII
* December 25 &ndash; King Henry III of Castile 

## 1407
* April 10 &ndash; The fifth Karmapa finally visits the Ming Dynasty capital, then at Nanjing.
* November 23 &ndash; The Duke of Orleans is killed; war starts again between the Burgundians and his followers.
* Rudolfo Belenzani leads a revolt against Bishop Georg von Liechtenstein in Trento, Italy.

### Births 
* March 15 &ndash; Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden 
* August 27 &ndash; Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun 
* Thomas de Littleton, English judge

### Deaths 
* March 7 &ndash; Francesco I Gonzaga, ruler of Mantua
* April 23 &ndash; Olivier de Clisson, French soldier 
* November 23 &ndash; Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, brother of Charles VI of France 
* Pero López de Ayala, Spanish soldier
* Tokugawa Chikauji, Japanese nobleman

## 1408
* December 13 &ndash; The Order of the Dragon is founded under King Sigismund of Hungary.
* Henry, Prince of Wales retakes Aberystwyth from Owain Glyndŵr.

### Births 
* April 8 &ndash; Jadwiga of Lithuania, Polish princess

### Deaths 
* May 31 &ndash; Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shogun 
* Pope Matthew of Alexandria
* Elizabeth le Despenser, English noblewoman
* John VII Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor 
* Miran Shah, son of Timur 

## 1409
* January 1 &ndash; The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English.
* December 2 &ndash; The University of Leipzig opens.
* Martin I of Aragon becomes King of Sicily.
* Ulugh Beg becomes governor of Samarkand.
* Venice buys the port of Zadar from Hungary.

### Births 
* January 16 &ndash; René of Anjou 
* October 1 &ndash; Karl Knutsson, King of Sweden 
* Bernardo Rossellino, Florentine sculptor and architect

### Deaths 
* May 13 &ndash; Jan z Tarnowa, Polish nobleman
* May 22 &ndash; Blanche of England, sister of King Henry V 
* July 25 &ndash; King Martin I of Sicily 
* Thomas Merke, English bishop