open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nogales, Arizona

**Nogales** is a city in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States. The population was 19,770 at the 2020 census.  The city is the county seat of Santa Cruz County.

## Population
## Famous people
*Thomas Aranda, Jr.
*Bob Baffert 
*Andrew Leo Bettwy 
*Louis Arana Serratrice
*José Canchola
*Movita Castaneda 
*Gil Heredia 
*John Frederick (Jack) Hannah 
*Elena Mix Johnson 
*Emilia Arana 
*Christine McIntyre 
*Charles Mingus 
*Carlos Luis Nogales-Gonzales 
*Alberto Alvaro Ríos 
*Roger Smith 
*Verita Bouvaire-Thompson 
*J. (James) David Lowell 
*J.P.S. (Joseph Paul Summers) Brown 
*Jack (John Woolf) O'Conner

## References 
## Other websites
* Nogales-Santa Cruz County Chamber of Commerce 
* Official government website 
* Nogales Unified School District
* Nogales International Newspaper
* Photo gallery of past mayors of Nogales, Arizona 
* Nogales Community Profile
Madison County, Florida

**Madison County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on December 26, 1827. As of 2020, 17,968 people lived there. Its county seat is Madison.

## References
List of people from Florida

, a popular tourist destination.]]
This **List of people from Florida** includes notable people who were born, raised or lived in the state of Florida for a significant part of their lives.

## Explorers, pioneers, scientists and military
## Government and politics
## Movies and television
## Literature
## Music
## Science and technology
## Sports
## Other
## References
Nebraska Cornhuskers football

The **Nebraska Cornhuskers** are the athletic football team of The University of Nebraska and they play in the Big 12 Conference. They will play in the Big Ten Conference at the beginning of the 2011-2012 season. The current head coach of Cornhuskers is Bo Pelini and he is in his 3rd year with them. The Cornhuskers play at Memorial Stadium, Lincoln which seats about 81,067. The Cornhuskers have won 24 bowl games. The Cornhuskers have two retired jersey numbers #60 for Tom Novak and #64 for Bob Brown.

## Other websites
* Nebraska Cornhuskers athletics site
Heart of Neolithic Orkney

**Heart of Neolithic Orkney** refers to a group of Neolithic monuments found on Mainland, one of the islands of Orkney, Scotland. The name was adopted by UNESCO when it proclaimed these sites as a World Heritage Site in 1999.

There are five sites on Mainland.

## Sites 
### Skara Brae 
Skara Brae is a cluster of ten houses making up Northern Europe’s best-preserved Neolithic village.

### Ring of Brodgar 
The Ring of Brodgar is a stone circle 104&nbsp;metres in diameter, originally composed of 60 stones set within a circular ditch up to 3&nbsp;metres deep and 10&nbsp;metres wide, forming a henge monument. Estimates say that the structure took 80,000 man-hours to construct.

### Standing stones of Stenness 
The standing stones of Stenness are the four remaining megaliths of a henge, the largest of which is 6&nbsp;metres (19&nbsp;ft) high.

### Ness of Brodgar 
Ness of Brodgar is an archaeological site between the Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of Stenness. There, archaeologists have found evidence of housing, decorated stone slabs, a massive stone wall with foundations, and a large building described as a Neolithic 'cathedral'.

### Maeshowe 
Maeshowe is a unique chambered cairn and passage grave. It is aligned so that its central chamber is illuminated on the winter solstice. 

Maeshowe was looted by Vikings, who left one of the largest collections of runic inscriptions in the world.

## Related pages 
* List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom

## References
Göteborg City Airport

**Gothenburg City Airport** or **Göteborg City Airport**  is an airport on Hisingen above Gothenburg, Sweden. It was opened in 1940. It is the eighth biggest airport in Sweden, after Luleå Airport.

## Sources
Acrostic

An **acrostic** is a poem or other form of writing. In an acrostic, the first letter, syllable, or word of every line, paragraph, or other feature spells out a word or a message. It can be used to remember things. For example, Edgar Allan Poe wrote an acrostic poem in English:

**E**lizabeth it is in vain you say
"**L**ove not" — thou sayest it in so sweet a way:
**I**n vain those words from thee or L.E.L.
**Z**antippe's talents had enforced so well:
**A**h! if that language from thy heart arise,
**B**reath it less gently forth — and veil thine eyes.
**E**ndymion, recollect, when Luna tried
**T**o cure his love — was cured of all beside —
**H**is follie — pride — and passion — for he died.

The first letters of each line (E, L, I, Z, A, B, E, T, H) spell out *Elizabeth*.

## References 
*
Stan Baluik

**Stanley Baliuk** (born October 5, 1935 in Port Arthur, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre and professional golfer.

In hockey, Baliuk played from 1954 to 1964 in the Ontario Hockey Association, Quebec Hockey League, Western Hockey League, American Hockey League, and National Hockey League. He won the Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award as Rookie of the Year while playing with the Providence Reds of the AHL in 1959-60. He played in 7 games for the Boston Bruins in the NHL during the 1959-60 season.

In golf, Bailuk turned professional in 1955 and was club pro at the Fort William Country Club in Fort William, Ontario during the hockey off-season. In 1963, he accepted a position at the Kirkbrae Country Club in Lincoln, Rhode Island where he continues to work. He won several amateur and professional tournaments in Canada and New England, including the 1965 Vermont Open and the 1971 Rhode Island Open.

## References
*
*Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame profile
St Kilda

**St Kilda** is a small archipelago of Hebridean islands. It is northwest of the coast of Scotland. The islands are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

St Kilda has large seabird colonies.  The island has the largest colony of North Atlantic gannets in the world.

## History
It is known that people have lived on St Kilda for over 2000 years.  The entire population was evacuated from the island in 1930. St Kilda was given to the National Trust for Scotland in 1957.

In the 21st century, the only year-round residents are defence personnel. Many conservation workers, volunteers and scientists spend time on the islands in the summer months.

## National Nature Reserve
St Kilda became a National Nature Reserves (NNR) in 1957. It is one of 71 NNRs in Scotland. In 2004, the NNR was expanded.  The nearby marine features were added. The islands were also added.

In July 2005, it became one of the few World Heritage Sites to have a "mixed" status for its natural and cultural qualities.  They are also a National Scenic Area.

## Gallery

File:Saint Kilda 20090611 Hirta - Village Bay overview.jpg|Hirta, Village Bay
File:A Cleit On St Kilda - geograph.org.uk - 1379478.jpg|St Kilda cleits were small, turf-covered dry-stone  used for storage
File:Sheep enclosure, St Kilda - geograph.org.uk - 229754.jpg|St Kilda sheep enclosure 
File:St-Kildans.jpg|St Kildans sitting on the village street, 1886
File:St kilda inhabitants.jpg|At the foot of the cliffs, Borrera, 1898
File:St Kilda puffins hunting.jpg|Catching puffins on St Kilda, 1898 

## Related pages 
*List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom

## References 
## Other websites
* St Kilda website
Rick Bragnalo

**Richard James Bragnalo** (born December 1, 1951 in Fort William, Ontario) is a retired Canadian ice hockey centre.

Signed by the Washington Capitals as a free agent in 1976, Bragnalo played parts of four seasons for the Capitals. After playing a few years in the minors, Bragnalo moved onto playing hockey in Italy with the team of the Val Pusteria Wolves, former EV Bruneck. He signed for HC Milano Saima in 1990, scoring the goal that permitted Milano to win the league in 1990/91. He retired in 1992.

## Other websites
*
*
* Val Pusteria Wolves
Barton Bradley

**Barton William "Bart" Bradley** (July 29, 1930 – September 16, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre.

Bradley played junior hockey in the Thunder Bay Junior Hockey League for the Port Arthur West End Bruins from 1946 to 1949, winning the playoff championship in 1948 and 1949 as well as the 1948 Memorial Cup.  He turned pro in 1949 and signed with the American Hockey League's Hershey Bears, but was called up to play one game for the Boston Bruins, which turned out to be his only game in the National Hockey League.  He spent time in the United States Hockey League for the Tulsa Oilers and the Pacific Coast Hockey League with the Tacoma Rockets followed by a seven-year  in the Western Hockey League, beginning with the Rockets who only lasted one season.  He then spent time with the Seattle Bombers, New Westminster Royals, Victoria Cougars and the Seattle Americans.

In 1957, Bradley began playing senior hockey, beginning with two seasons with the Belleville McFarlands.  He also played for the Port Arthur Bearcats and the Fort William Beavers before officially retiring in 1966.

## Other websites
*
*
*
Celestial navigation

**Celestial navigation** is a method of navigation where a person figures out their  and direction using the stars in the night sky. It has been used by sailors to help them find their way in the night. They look for familiar stars or constellations, which will help them find their way. 

Celestial navigation involves comparing the angle of certain stars to other stars and how high they are above the Earth's horizon. By doing this, a person can find their longitude.
Bizaar

***Bizaar*** is the sixth studio album by American horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It is part of the *Bizaar Bizzar* double album. It was released on the same day as *Bizzar*. It was released on October 31, 2000. The producers of the album were Mike E. Clark. While on the Howard Stern show, ICP talked with Sharon Osbourne who bet $50,000 they could not sell more than 200,000 copies, and that it would be subsequently dropped from its distributor. Violent J predicted that the group's next album would sell at least 500,000 units and they sold 400,000 units but Sharon never paid them. They left Island Records after *Bizaar* and *Bizzar* because their contract expired.
Hokus Pokus (Insane Clown Posse song)

"**Hokus Pokus**" is a 1997 midwest hip hop song by the American Horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse and is the third single from their fourth studio album *The Great Milenko*, which was released in 1997. The song was produced by Mike Clark.

The song also featured a remix that Insane Clown Posse titled "Hokus Pokus (Headhunta'z Remix)" and there are also two other versions of the song a red cover and a green cover which are both featured on the rarities album, *Forgotten Freshness Volumes 1 & 2*.

## Other websites
*
Hisingen

**Hisingen** is an island on the west coast of Sweden. It has an area of . It is Sweden's fourth biggest island, but its most populated island. It is north of Gothenburg. Göteborg City Airport is there.

## References 
## Other websites
Over-the-counter drug

tablets (*Aspirin*) are a common over-the-counter drug]]
**Over-the-counter drugs** (OTC) are drugs that do not need a prescription to be bought. When they are properly used, these drugs do not put the health of the patient in danger. Many OTC drug ingredients which were prescription drugs are now considered safe enough for use without a prescription. In many countries, there are special government agencies that regulate OTC drugs, such as the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration in the United States. Certain drugs are classified as over-the counter drugs, but may only be given by a pharmacist. This is often the case with emergency contraception medicine. It may also be the case that a small packet of a certain  drug is available over the counter, but that larger packets require a prescription.

## Related pages
*Pharmacy
Fabian Washington

**Fabian Washington** (born June 9, 1983 in Bradenton, Florida) is an American former professional football cornerback. He played a total of 6 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Oakland Raiders and Baltimore Ravens. Washington was drafted out of the University of Nebraska by the Baltimore Ravens with the 23rd pick in the first round of the 2005 NFL Draft. 

On July 31, 2011, he signed a contract with the New Orleans Saints. On September 1, 2011, Washington suffered a hamstring injury and was placed on injured reserve. He was released from the New Orleans Saints practice squad on September 13, 2011.

## References
## Other websites
*Fabian Washington at nfl.com
Ken Brown

**Kenneth Murray Brown** (born December 19, 1948 in Port Arthur, Ontario) is a former professional ice hockey goaltender.  Despite winning the CMJHL Goaltender of the Year and being on the CMJHL First All-Star Team in 1967, Brown went undrafted coming out of junior, so he signed a free agent contract with the Dallas Black Hawks of the CHL, the Chicago Black Hawks minor league affiliate.  He played one game with Chicago, where he was behind Tony Esposito and Gerry Desjardins on the depth chart, and this was his only time game in the National Hockey League.  He was selected by Calgary-Cleveland in the 1972 WHA General Player Draft, although his rights were traded to the Alberta/Edmonton Oilers for cash.  Brown won 21 games over two seasons as the backup to Jacques Plante.

## Other websites
*
*
*Article on WHA featuring Brown
Angiography

**Angiography** or **arteriography** is the name for several imaging techniques to show the inside of blood vessels. These techniques include:
*X-ray
*Magnetic resonance imaging
Ron Busniuk

**Ronald Edward Busniuk** (born August 13, 1948 in Fort William, Ontario), is a Canadian hockey player. He played NCAA hockey at the University of Minnesota Duluth and was an All-American his senior year. After graduation, he played in the AHL with the Nova Scotia Voyageurs and the Cincinnati Swords.  He took First Team AHL All-Star honors.  Bosniuk played most of his career in the WHA with the Minnesota Fighting Saints, New England Whalers and Edmonton Oilers. He played only 6 NHL games, all with the Buffalo Sabres. 

After retiring as a player, Busniuk became a coach.  He led the Thunder Bay Twins Senior Hockey Team to two consecutive championships in the 1980s.  He was later inducted into the Northern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame and the University of Minnesota Duluth Athletic Hall of Fame. 

He is the older brother of Mike Busniuk of the Philadelphia Flyers.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Jim B. Tucker

**Jim B. Tucker** is medical director of the Child and Family Psychiatric Clinic, and associate professor at the Division of Perceptual Studies, at the University of Virginia. His main research interests are reincarnation research, and prenatal and birth memories. Tucker, a child psychiatrist, worked for several years on this research with Ian Stevenson before taking over upon Stevenson’s retirement in 2002. Tucker is the author of *Life Before Life: A Scientific Investigation of Children’s Memories of Previous Lives*. He has been interviewed about reincarnation in print and broadcast media in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada.

## Related pages
* Jane Roberts

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Samantha Cameron

**Samantha Gwendoline Cameron, Baroness Cameron of Chipping Norton** (*née* **Sheffield**; born 18 April 1971) is a British businesswoman. She is the wife of David Cameron, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016.

Until 13 May 2010, Cameron was the Creative Director of Smythson of Bond Street.

## References
Şehrazat

**Şehrazat Kemalî Söylemezoğlu** (born September 3, 1952), known by her stage name **Şehrazat** or **Şehro**, is a well-known Turkish television personality, composer, songwriter, producer, and singer.

## References
Water music

**Water music** can refer to different pieces of music:
**Water Music* (Handel), Suites HWV 348,349, and 350 by Georg Friedrich Händel
*An overture in C major, by Georg Philipp Telemann
David Bruce

**David Bruce** (born October 7, 1964 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played for the Vancouver Canucks, St. Louis Blues, and San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career statistics
## Other websites
*
Hydrazine

**Hydrazine**, also known as **diazine**, is a chemical compound. It is composed of nitrogen and hydrogen ions. Its chemical formula is N2H4. It contains hydrogen in its +1 and nitrogen in its -2 oxidation state.

## Properties
It is a colorless liquid. It smells like ammonia, but it is more reactive than ammonia. It is a strong reducing agent. It is explosive. It can mix with water. It is a base similar to ammonia. 

## Preparation
It is made by reacting sodium hypochlorite with liquid (not household) ammonia. If it is reacted with household ammonia, toxic fumes will be released. It can be made by reacting urea with sodium hypochlorite. 

## Uses
It is used to make foam. It is also used in rocket fuels. It can be used in fuel cells. It is used to make sodium azide by reacting sodium amide with sodium nitrite.

## Related pages
*Ammonium
*Azide
*Nitrate
Azide

**Azide**, also known as **trinitride**, is an ion. It is formed when hydrazoic acid is deprotonated. It is a powerful reducing agent. Its chemical formula is N3-. The most common azide is sodium azide. Many azides are explosive and very toxic. 

## Related pages
*Hydrazine
*Nitrite
*Nitrate
Hydrazoic acid

**Hydrazoic acid** is a chemical compound. (It is similar to **hydrogen azide**, which is the gas form. Hydrazoic acid is hydrogen azide dissolved in water.) Its chemical formula is HN3. It contains hydrogen and azide ions. 

## Properties
Hydrazoic acid is very explosive. It is a powerful reducing agent. It is used to make other azides. It has an unpleasant smell. 

## Preparation
It can be made by reacting sodium azide with an acid. It can be made pure by distillation. 

## Uses
It does not have many uses, because it is very explosive and toxic.

## Safety
Hydrazoic acid is extremely toxic, even more toxic than sodium azide. It can make very bad headaches. It has a bad odor. It does not accumulate in the body.  Once again, It is dangerous to drink!

## Related pages
*Hydrazine
*Ammonia
Larry Cahan

**Lawrence Louis Henry "Hank" Cahan** (December 25, 1933 – June 25, 1992) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in several Canadian and U.S. teams, including Fort William Hurricanes, Toronto Maple Leafs, Pittsburgh Hornets, New York Rangers, Vancouver Canucks, Baltimore Clippers, Los Angeles Kings and Chicago Cougars.

Cahan was born in Fort William, Ontario. His career as a player began in 1949 and ended in 1974.

On January 13, 1968, Cahan, playing with the Oakland Seals against the Minnesota North Stars, was involved in the accident that caused the death of Bill Masterton.

## Other websites
*
Sodium nitrite

**Sodium nitrite** is a chemical compound. It contains sodium and nitrite ions. Its chemical formula is NaNO2.

## Properties 
It is a white or yellowish crystalline compound. It is a strong oxidizing agent, being reduced to nitrogen. It is also a weak reducing agent, being oxidized to nitrate. It contains nitrogen in its +3 oxidation state. It is toxic in large amounts.

## Occurrence 
It is found in some vegetables. It is also found in some meat in small amounts. Otherwise, it is manmade.

## Uses 
It is used in meat like ham to preserve it. The nitrites are disinfecting, which helps preserve the meat. Almost all processed meat (like cold cuts, hot dogs) contains nitrites. Some people get headaches when they eat nitrites. These headaches have been named "hot dog headaches". It is used to make other chemicals and to get rid of sodium azide. It also can be used when someone is poisoned by cyanide. 

## Safety 
Nitrites can form toxic chemicals when heated. These toxic chemicals are carcinogens, which means they can cause cancer. That is why some people do not want nitrites in foods. Others say that because nitrites kill bacteria, they should be included in foods. Sodium nitrite used in food is colored bright pink so it is not mistaken for salt or sugar.

## Related pages 
*Sodium nitrate
*Nitrate
Monk parakeet

The **Monk parakeet**, **Quaker parrot**, or **Seatowerian Budgerigar** (binomial name ***Myiopsitta monachus***) is a species of parrot of the true parrots family. It lives in Argentina and the countries around South America. The bird is also known for passing one of its tail feathers through its bill to reconnect the barbules. This locking process is similar to pressing Velcro strips together.

## Description 
The parakeet is on average 29&nbsp;cm long, with a 48&nbsp;cm wingspan, and weighs 100&nbsp;g. Females tend to be 10-20% smaller, but it is hard to tell the sexes apart, unless they test the feather or blood DNA. It has bright green upperparts. The forehead and breast are pale grey. The bill is orange, and when it calls, it makes a loud and throaty *chape(-yee)* or *quak quaki quak-wi quarr*. Sometimes, it also screeches, *skveet*.

Domestic kinds of Monk parakeets may have different colors such as white, blue, and yellow instead of green.

### As pets 
Monk parakeets are very intelligent and social birds. When they are kept as pets, they can memorize large vocabularies. They are also able to learn many words and phrases.

## References 
## Further reading
* Johnson, Steve A. & Sam Logue 2009: Florida's introduced birds: Monk Parakeet (*Myiopsitta monachus*).  University of Florida/IFAS
*  (2004): ''Parrots in the city: one bird's struggle for a place on the planet *. Quaker Parakeet Society, Framingham, Mass. 
*  (2002): *Field guide to the Birds of North America*. National Geographic, Washington DC. 
*  2000: *The Sibley Guide to Birds''. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Nitrite

**Nitrite** is an ion. Its chemical formula is NO2–. It contains nitrogen in its +3 oxidation state. Nitrites are normally strong oxidizing agents. Most of them are colorless crystalline compounds. Sodium nitrite is a common nitrite. They are also weak reducing agents, being oxidized to nitrates (NO3–).

## Related pages
*Nitrate
*Nitride
*Azide
Nitrous acid

**Nitrous acid** is a chemical compound. It is a weak acid. Its chemical formula is HNO2. It is unstable. It is made by reacting a strong acid with sodium nitrite. It is a light blue solution. It breaks down to make nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and water when it is concentrated. Nitrogen dioxide can be reacted with water to make a mixture of nitrous acid and nitric acid. It is used to make chemicals.

## Related pages
*Ammonia
*Nitrous oxide
Arteriosclerosis

on an artery.]]

**Arteriosclerosis** is a diseased condition of the arteries. The artery walls are thickened, hardened and lose stretchiness, called elasticity.

There are three main types:
***Atherosclerosis** is the most common type. It is the narrowing of arteries from a buildup of plaque, usually made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin, inside the arteries. This affects large and medium-sized arteries; however, its positioning varies person to person. 
***Mönckeberg Arteriosclerosis**. This is when the middle layer of the artery stiffens. This is because of calcium deposits. 
***Arteriolosclerosis**. This affects the body's smaller arteries.

The effects of arteriosclerosis can lead to lack of regular blood flow. Low blood flow to the brain can make you dizzy, numb, have slurred speech, and have other symptoms. Thromboses can further block the blood flow. This causes you to be at risk of getting stroke, or a heart attack.

Arteriosclerosis is a major health problem. Arteriosclerosis can be prevented by reducing risks. Risks are smoking, obesity, and low amounts of exercise. Doctors recommend dieting and exercise. Diets that are low in cholesterol and saturated fats. Some patients may take drugs that lower the amount of cholesterol in their blood.

## References
Reincarnation research

Psychiatrist Ian Stevenson, from the University of Virginia, interviewed young children who claimed to remember a past life. He did more than 2,500 interviews over a period of 40 years and wrote twelve books, including *Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation*.  

Stevenson found that childhood memories possibly related to reincarnation normally occurred between the ages of three and seven years. He compared the memories with reports of people known to the deceased, attempting to do so before any contact between the child and the deceased's family had occurred. 

Some 35 per cent of the children examined by Stevenson had birthmarks or birth defects.  Stevenson believed  that the existence of birth marks and deformities on children, when they occurred at the location of fatal wounds in the deceased, provided the best evidence for reincarnation. However,  Stevenson has never claimed that he had proved the existence of reincarnation, and cautiously referred to his cases as being "of the reincarnation type" or "suggestive of reincarnation". 

Stevenson retired in 2002, and psychiatrist Jim B. Tucker took over his work, and wrote *Life Before Life: A Scientific Investigation of Children’s Memories of Previous Lives*.

## Related pages
* Bruce Greyson
* Parapsychology
* Life After Life

## References
## Further reading
*11 Books on Reincarnation
Vaslav Nijinsky

in Paris. The statue, donated by Serge Lifar, shows Nijinsky as the puppet *Petrouchka*.]]

**Vaslav Nijinsky**  (Kiev, Ukraine, 12 March 1890–London, England, 8 April 1950) was the most famous male ballet dancer of the early 20th century, and an important choreographer. He was born to Polish parents, both of whom were dancers.

Nijinsky was famous for his dancing ability, and of his ability to show the character of the part he was playing. He could dance *en pointe*, a rare skill among male dancers at the time. His ability to perform seemingly gravity-defying leaps was legendary. The ballerina and choreographer Bronislava Nijinska was his sister. They both danced for the Imperial Ballet at the Mariinsky Theatre, and later for the Ballets Russes of Serge Diaghilev.

## Imperial Ballet 
In 1900 Nijinsky joined the Imperial Ballet School at St Petersburg, where he studied under great trainers such as Enrico Cecchetti. At 18 he was given a string of leads. In 1910, the company's *prima ballerina assoluta*  Mathilde Kschessinska selected Nijinsky to dance in a revival of Marius Petipa's *Le Talisman*. Nijinsky created a sensation in the role of the Wind God Vayou.

His performance in *The Sleeping Beauty* (music by Tchaikovsky) was a tremendous success. In 1910 he performed in *Giselle*, and Fokine's ballets *Carnaval* and *Scheherazade* (based on the orchestral suite by Rimsky-Korsakov). His partnership with Tamara Karsavina, in the Mariinsky Theatre, was highly praised: they were called the "most exemplary artists of the time".

A turning point for Nijinsky was his meeting Sergei Diaghilev. Diaghilev was a celebrated entrepreneur (organiser) of ballet and art exhibitions, who promoted Russian visual and musical art abroad. From that moment on, Diaghilev directed and managed Nijinsky's career, and they became lovers.

## Les Ballets Russes 
In 1909 Diaghilev took a company of Russian opera and ballet stars to Paris, featuring Nijinsky and Anna Pavlova. The season of colourful Russian ballets and operas, works mostly new to the West, was a great success. It led Diaghilev to create his famous company *Les Ballets Russes* with choreographer Michel Fokine and designer Léon Bakst. The Paris seasons of the Ballets Russes were an artistic and social sensation; setting trends in art, dance, music and fashion for the next decade.

## Related pages 
*Modernism

## References
Sodium azide

**Sodium azide**, also known as **sodium trinitride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NaN3. 

## Properties
It is a white crystalline solid. It is an explosive. It can be detonated by an electric spark. It contains sodium and azide ions. It reacts with acids to produce hydrazoic acid. It can be destroyed by reacting it with nitrous acid. This reaction produces nitric oxide, nitrogen, and sodium hydroxide. It is a powerful reducing agent, which makes it explosive. It contains nitrogen in its -1/3 oxidation state.

## Preparation
It is made by reacting ammonia with sodium to make sodium amide. The sodium amide then reacts with nitrous oxide to make sodium azide. It can also be made by reacting sodium nitrate with sodium amide. Another process is reacting sodium nitrite with hydrazine.

## Uses
It is used in airbags. It makes the airbags puff out. A computer detects that the car is crashing and ignites the sodium azide. This makes sodium metal and a lot of nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas inflates the airbag. It can be used to make other explosives, such as lead azide. 

## Safety
Sodium azide is very toxic. It reacts with acids to make the explosive hydrazoic acid, which also is a very toxic gas. It is similar to cyanide poisoning. It attacks the respiratory system and the circulatory system.

## Related pages
*Lithium nitride, Li3N
*Sodium nitride, Na3N
*Nitrate
*Nitrite
Georges Braque

**Georges Braque** (Argenteuil, 13 May 1882 – Paris, 31 August 1963) was a major 20th century French painter, collagist, printmaker and sculptor who, with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as Cubism.

French art critic Louis Vauxcelles first used the term *Cubism*, or "bizarre cubiques", in 1908 after seeing a picture by Braque. He described it as 'full of little cubes', after which the term quickly gained wide use. Art historian Ernst Gombrich described cubism as "the most radical attempt to stamp out ambiguity, and to enforce one reading of the picture – that of a man-made construction, a colored canvas". The Cubist movement spread quickly throughout Paris and Europe.

A major idea of Braque's was the fractured stringed instrument as a cubist model. This he painted a number of times with variations, and made sculptures with fractured violins, guitars, etc., inside transparent acrylic (perspex) blocks. Examples:

**Violin and Candlestick*, Paris, spring 1910, at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
**Woman with a Guitar,* 1913. Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.

## Notes 
## Other websites 
*Features an excellent selection of Braque paintings, with a rather weak text: The course of a painter in the representation of the landscape: Georges Braque
Lithium nitride

**Lithium nitride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Li3N. It contains lithium and nitride ions. 

## Properties
Lithium nitride is a red or purple solid. It reacts with water to make lithium hydroxide and ammonia. It is the only alkali metal nitride that is stable. It is a very strong base. It reacts with hydrogen to make lithium hydride and lithium amide. 

## Preparation
It is made by reacting lithium with nitrogen. This is unusual because almost no other elements react with nitrogen at room temperature like lithium. It can also be made by reacting nitrogen with lithium dissolved in sodium.

## Uses
It can be used to store hydrogen. It can also be used as a source of the nitride ion.

## Safety
Lithium nitride is toxic and corrosive. It releases ammonia when put in water.

## Related pages
*Nitrate
*Sodium nitrite
Nitrogen oxide

**Nitrogen oxide** may refer to any of these chemical compounds:

*Nitrous oxide, +1 oxidation state, sweet-smelling anesthetic sometimes called "laughing gas"
*Nitric oxide, +2 oxidation state, used in the body as stimulant
*Nitrogen dioxide, +4 oxidation state, brown choking gas
*Dinitrogen tetroxide, +4 oxidation state, two nitrogen dioxide molecules bonded together
*Dinitrogen pentoxide, +5 oxidation state, made from nitric acid
Nitrogen acid

**Nitrogen acids** are acids containing nitrogen.

*Nitrous acid, HNO2, +3 oxidation state
*Nitric acid, HNO3, +5 oxidation state
Dinitrogen tetroxide

**Dinitrogen tetroxide**, also known as **nitrogen tetroxide** or **dinitrogen tetraoxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is N2O4. It contains nitrogen in its +4 oxidation state. It contains nitrogen and oxide ions.

## Properties
It is a colorless gas, although it is sometimes polluted with nitrogen dioxide. It is very corrosive and a strong oxidizing agent. It can ignite on contact with hydrazine. It can be made by bonding two nitrogen dioxide molecules together at a low temperature or a high pressure.

## Preparation
It is made by bonding nitrogen dioxide molecules together in pairs.

## Uses
It is used as a rocket propellant, along with hydrazine. This mixture is good since it does not have to be ignited. It is used similar to nitrogen dioxide to make nitric acid. It can react with metals to make nitrates.

## Safety
Dinitrogen is highly toxic and corrosive. Some astronauts breathed it and had to go to a hospital.

## Related pages
*Nitrous oxide
*Nitrogen oxide
*List of nitrogen compounds

## Sources
Dinitrogen pentoxide

**Dinitrogen pentoxide** is a chemical compound. It is made by removing water from nitric acid. Its chemical formula is N2O5. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is a white solid. It is made by reacting phosphorus(V) oxide with nitric acid. The phosphorus(V) oxide removes the water from the nitric acid. It can be dissolved in chloroform to add the NO2+ group to some chemical compounds. It is toxic as it can make nitrogen dioxide gas.

## Related pages
*List of nitrogen compounds
*Nitrogen triiodide
*Ammonia
Nitrogen dioxide

**Nitrogen dioxide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NO2. It contains nitrogen and oxide ions. The nitrogen is in the +4 oxidation state. 

## Properties
Nitrogen Dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a distinct, pungent odor similar to that of Chlorine. It causes significant and damaging pulmonary effects when it is inhaled, due to the formation of both Nitric (HNO3) & Nitrous (HNO2) acids when it reacts with Water present in the lungs. When Nitrogen Dioxide is compressed or cooled to near 0° C, two molecules of the Dioxide bond, forming the colorless Dinitrogen Tetroxide. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Upon heating, Nitrogen Dioxide decomposes back into lower oxides of Nitrogen (NO) as well as Oxygen. It reacts with iodides to form nitrites and elemental iodine. The presence of NO2 in concentrated Nitric acid causes the acid to take on a yellow color, depending on the concentration of the dissolved gas.

## Preparation
Nitrogen dioxide is normally made by oxidation of nitric oxide by oxygen in air. It can also be made by heating some nitrates. It can be made by reacting concentrated nitric acid with copper or tin.

## Uses
It is used to make nitric acid by dissolving it in water. Nitric oxide is also released.

## Safety
Nitrogen dioxide is very toxic. It has a foul odor, which aids in its detection. Much care should be taken to avoid contact with this compound.

## Related pages
*Nitrous oxide
*Nitrous acid
Nitrogen trichloride

**Nitrogen trichloride** is a chemical compound. It contains nitrogen in its +3 oxidation state and chloride in its -1 oxidation state. It contains nitrogen and chloride ions. Its chemical formula is NCl3. It is an explosive. It is made by reacting ammonium compounds with chlorine. It reacts with hot water to release hypochlorous acid and ammonia. 

## Related pages
*Nitrogen triiodide
*Ammonium chloride
*Nitrate
Nitric oxide

**Nitric oxide** also known as **nitrogen monoxide** is a chemical compound. It contains nitrogen in its +2 oxidation state. It contains nitrogen and oxide ions. Its chemical formula is often given as ·N=O.

## Properties
It is a colorless gas. It is easily oxidized to nitrogen dioxide by air. It can react with a mixture of air and water to make nitrous acid. It glows when reacted with ozone.

## Preparation
It is made by reacting ammonia with oxygen with a catalyst. It is also made in lightning. It can be made in small amounts by reacting copper with nitric acid. It can also be made by reducing nitrous acid with compounds such as iron(II) sulfate.

## Uses
Nitric oxide is used in making nitric acid from ammonia. Ammonia is reacted with air to make nitric oxide, and the nitric oxide is oxidized by air to make nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water to make nitric acid and more nitric oxide.

It is also used as a stimulant in the human body. It has many actions in the human body that are being studied.

## Safety
Nitric oxide is toxic when breathed in. It also easily is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide, a toxic brown choking substance.

## Related pages
*Nitrous oxide
*Nitrite
*Sodium nitrite
Sodium amide

]]
**Sodium amide**, also known as **sodamide**, is a chemical compound. It contains sodium and amide ions. Its chemical formula is NaNH2. It is a very strong base, even stronger than hydroxides like sodium hydroxide. It reacts violently with water. It is a white solid, although it can be gray. It is made by reacting sodium metal with liquid or gaseous ammonia. It is used to make hydrazine and sodium azide. It is used to make various chemicals. It reacts with water to make ammonia and sodium hydroxide. It burns in air to make oxides of sodium and nitrogen, such as nitrogen dioxide. If there is only a little air, explosive chemicals may form. If it turns yellow or brown, get rid of it immediately. It is corrosive because it is a strong base.

## Related pages
*Sodium chloride
*Ammonium
*Nitrate

## References
Amide

**Amides** are two related groups of chemical compounds, both derived from ammonia and amines.

## Organic amides 
In organic chemistry, amides are related to carboxylic acids. Organic amides are also called **carboxamides**. Other amides can be derived from other oxyacids.

Replacing the hydroxy group  of an acid with an amino group  gives the amide of that acid: for example, acetic acid  becomes acetamide .

One or more of the hydrogens on the amino group can also be replaced with other organic groups. If more than one acyl group is connected to the nitrogen atom, the amide can be called a *secondary* or *tertiary* amide. In this sense, "secondary amide" is another name for imide.

## Inorganic amides 
Inorganic amides have inorganic cations bonded to the nitrogen atom of an amine. This bond can be covalent or ionic. The  ion is also referred to as "amide" or "azanide", and is made by deprotonating ammonia with a strong base. This is ammonia acting as an acid, although a very weak one.

Because ammonia is a weak acid, inorganic amides are strong bases. Sodium amide is an example of an inorganic amide.

## Related pages
*Sodium azide
*Azide
*Nitrate

## References
Sodium nitrate

**Sodium nitrate**, also known as **caliche**, **Chile saltpeter**, and **soda niter**, is a chemical compound. It contains sodium and nitrate ions. The chemical formula is NaNO3.

## Properties 
It can dissolve in water very easily. It is an oxidizing agent. It is a white crystalline solid.

## Occurrence and preparation 
It is found in very dry areas. If it was wet, then the sodium nitrate would dissolve. But it is normally made artificially by reacting sodium hydroxide and nitric acid. Chile used to have much sodium nitrate naturally in the very dry Atacama Desert. It is found in small amounts in leafy green vegetables.

## Uses 
It is used to supply nitrogen to the soil. It is also used in making gunpowder. Some other explosives use it. It can be used to make nitric acid by reaction with sulfuric acid. It is used in rockets and smoke bombs. Sometimes it can be a food preservative.

## Related pages 
* Sodium nitrite
* Nitrite
* Ammonium
Lead azide

**Lead azide**, also known as **lead(II) azide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Pb(N3)2. It contains lead and azide ions. It contains lead in its +2 oxidation state.

Lead azide is an explosive. Most other azides just burn rapidly. It is used as a detonator to detonate other explosives. It is made by reacting lead(II) nitrate and sodium azide. It can be destroyed by sodium dichromate. It can react with other metals such as copper to make even more sensitive azide explosives. It does not become less of an explosive when wet. It will explode if it is dropped .

## Related pages
*Lead(II) oxide
*Sodium amide
Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation

***Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation*** is a 1974 book written by psychiatrist Ian Stevenson on reincarnation research. The book focuses on twenty cases investigated by the author. It has been translated into seven foreign languages.

Reviews of *Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation* have been published in the *American Journal of Psychiatry*, *British Journal of Psychiatry*, *British Journal of Medical Psychology*, *Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease* and some other journals.

## References
Hypochlorous acid

**Hypochlorous acid** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is HClO or HOCl. It is not stable. It contains chlorine in its +1 oxidation state. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is made by reacting sodium hypochlorite with an acid that cannot be oxidized, such as phosphoric acid. If the acid can be oxidized, the hypochlorous acid will be destroyed. It is used to make some chemicals. It breaks down into hydrochloric acid and oxygen in sunlight. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chlorine gas. It is a powerful disinfectant.

## References
## Related pages
*Perchlorate
*Chlorate
*Hypochlorite
Cobalt(II) chloride

s attached)]]

**Cobalt(II) chloride**, also known as **cobaltous chloride** and **cobalt dichloride**, is a chemical compound. It contains cobalt in its +2 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is CoCl2. It contains cobalt and chloride ions.

## Properties
Cobalt(II) chloride is normally found in the red (or pink) form. The red form has water in it. It can be heated to turn it into the blue form, without water. The blue form will absorb water from the air and turn red again. 

A different blue form is made when cobalt(II) chloride is reacted with a chemical compound that has chloride in it. Hydrochloric acid works the best, but sodium chloride can be used too. When it is heated, it turns more blue than when it is cooled. 

 for an example. Cobalt chloride can be used to test for chloride ions in this way.

It can be oxidized to cobalt(III) compounds, although cobalt(III) chloride does not exist. If it is made, it just drops a Cl from CoCl3, making CoCl2 (cobalt(II) chloride) again.

## Preparation
The anhydrous (without water) blue form can be made by reacting cobalt with chlorine. The hydrated (with water) red form can be made by reacting cobalt(II) oxide or cobalt(II) hydroxide with hydrochloric acid. 

## Uses
It is used to place cobalt into other chemical compounds. It can be used to make other cobalt compounds. It is the most common cobalt compound in the lab. 

## Safety
It is a weak oxidizing agent, too weak to ignite things. Cobalt compounds are toxic in large quantities, like any other transition metal compounds. They are not toxic like lead or mercury compounds, though.

## References
## Related pages
*Cobalt(III) oxide
*Cobalt(II) sulfate
Prohibition in the United States

, California, in 1932.]]
The **Prohibition Era** was a period in United States history during which alcohol was outlawed.  Police would arrest people was found making or selling alcohol illegally.

Prohibition was established by the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It became ratified by the states by January 16, 1919. It came into effect on January 16, 1920 and lasted until 1933.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union and other reformist organizations agitated for the change to improve the lives of the people. Prohibition was set up by the American government in an effort to decrease crime rates, reduce tax burden, and improve public health. It had little to do with the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

The punishment for being caught with an alcoholic beverage was jail time. The millions of people becoming criminals in such a short period of time led to overflowing prisons, which was one reason for many cases to be dismissed.

Prohibition led to reduced consumption of alcohol but led the Mafia and other underground organizations to take up up rum-running. The demand of alcohol caused illegal bar. Called speakeasies, they hid the illegal alcohol and could be a proper pub or also simply in their owner's basement.

Prohibition was repealed on December 5, 1933 by the Twenty-first Amendment. Since then, states regulate the selling of liquor by themselves.
Cobalt(III) oxide

**Cobalt(III) oxide** is a chemical compound. It contains cobalt in its +3 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is Co2O3. It can be made by reacting a cobalt(II) salt with sodium hypochlorite. This reaction also makes some chlorine. It is used as a catalyst. It is an oxidizing agent. It is not as strong an oxidizing agent as other cobalt(III) compounds.

## Related pages 
*Cobalt(II) oxide
*Cobalt(II) chloride
*Cobalt(II) sulfate
Cobalt(II) oxide

**Cobalt(II) oxide**, also known as **cobaltous oxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CoO. It contains cobalt in its +2 oxidation state as an ion. It also contains oxide. It can be green or red crystals. It can also be a grey or brown powder. 

## Preparation
Cobalt(II) chloride reacts with a base to get cobalt(II) hydroxide. Then the cobalt(II) hydroxide is heated to make cobalt(II) oxide. The reactions are written below:
: CoCl2 + 2 NaOH → 2 NaCl + Co(OH)2
: Co(OH)2 → CoO + H2O

## Use
It can react with acids to make salts containing cobalt. It is used to make blue glass.

## Related pages
*Cobalt(II) sulfate
*Cobalt(III) oxide
Meccano

**Meccano** is a building set that lets people make models and small  devices. It was made in 1901, and was from the United Kingdom.
Cobalt oxide

**Cobalt oxide** can refer to either of the following:

*Cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, black powder
*Cobalt(II,III) oxide, Co3O4, black powder
*Cobalt(III) oxide, Co2O3, black powder

## Related pages
*Cobalt(II) hydroxide, Co(OH)2, red or blue-green powder
Cobalt(II) sulfate

**Cobalt(II) sulfate**, also known as **cobaltous sulfate**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CoSO4. It contains cobalt in its +2 oxidation state. It contains cobalt and sulfate ions. 

## Properties 
It is a reddish crystalline solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is reddish without water (anhydrous) and pink with water (hydrated).

## Preparation 
It can be made by reacting cobalt, cobalt(II) oxide, or cobalt(II) hydroxide with sulfuric acid. It is very rarely found in the earth.

## Uses 
It is used as a pigment. It is also used to make other cobalt salts. It can be used in electroplating cobalt. It was added to beer in the past but that poisoned people.

## Safety 
Cobalt(II) sulfate is slightly carcinogenic. It is poisonous in large quantities.

## Related pages 
*Cobalt(II) chloride
*Cobalt(III) oxide
Monoclonius

* or *Styracosaurus*).]]

***Monoclonius*** is the doubtful name of a ceratopsid dinosaur. It was a herbivore (plant-eater)  It lived in North America during the Upper Cretaceous, about 76 to 73 million years ago.

*Monoclonius* was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1876, soon after the first fossil specimen had been found in Montana. The specimen was a near complete skeleton with only the feet missing. It included skull material and the base of the nasal horn. Its name means "single stem" and refers to its teeth, which have a single root.

*Monoclonius* is now regarded as a *nominem dubium*. It seems to be a juvenile stage of *Centrosaurus''.

## References
Cobalt(II) hydroxide

**Cobalt(II) hydroxide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Co(OH)2. It contains cobalt in its +2 oxidation state as an ion. It also contains hydroxide ions. It is either reddish or bluish. It is made by reacting a strong base with a cobalt(II) salt. Cobalt(II) chloride is normally used. This makes the red form. The blue form is made by reacting ammonium hydroxide with cobalt(II) hydroxide. It turns into cobalt(II) oxide when heated. It is used to dry paints, to make other cobalt compounds, and as a catalyst.

## Related pages
*Cobalt(II) sulfate
*Cobalt(III) oxide
*Cobalt
Cobalt fluoride

**Cobalt fluoride** can refer to either of the following compounds:

*Cobalt(II) fluoride, CoF2, red solid
*Cobalt(III) fluoride, CoF3, strong oxidizing agent