open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ununennium

***Ununennium***, or **element 119**, is a predicted chemical element. Its symbol is **Uue**. Ununennium and Uue are substitute names made by the IUPAC, (meaning "one-one-nine-ium" in Latin) until permanent names are made. Ununennium is the element with the smallest atomic number that has not been created yet. Qualities of Ununennium are unknown, but many are predicted. It is predicted all isotopes will be radioactive. It is thought to be an alkali metal.

Many attempts have been made by American, German, and Russian teams to make ununennium but all have failed. Japanese and Russian teams failed to produce the element after work in both 2019 and 2020. The work of the Japanese team is ongoing, although no atoms of ununennium have ever been observed.

## Predicted chemistry 
Ununennium's spot on the periodic table is a sign that it may be similar to lighter elements such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium; however, some of its properties may be different from what is expected. For example, ununennium might be less reactive than caesium and francium and will behave more like potassium or rubidium.

## Uses 
As of 2026, it has not been made and has no use.

## References
Bill Skarsgård

**Bill Istvan Günther Skarsgård** (born 9 August 1990) is a Swedish actor. He is known for his roles in *Simple Simon*, *Allegiant*, the TV series *Hemlock Grove* and for his role as the title character in *It: Chapter One* (2017) and *It: Chapter Two* (2019). He also played Count Orlok in the 2024 supernatural horror movie *Nosferatu*.

## Early life
Skarsgård was born on 9 August 1990 in Vällingby, Sweden. He is the son of actor Stellan Skarsgård and his first wife, My Sonja Marie Agnes.

## *It*
In June 2016, Skarsgård was cast as popular horror villain Pennywise the Dancing Clown in the 2017 movie *It* after another actor, Will Poulter, dropped out due to other projects.

## References
## Other websites
*
Geoff Pierson

**Geoffrey "Geoff" Pierson** (born June 16, 1949) is an American actor. He is known for his role on The WB series *Unhappily Ever After* as Jack Malloy. He is also known for his roles on ''Ryan's Hope* and *Dexter* and as James Baker in the 2016 television movie *Killing Reagan*.

In 2005 and 2006 he appeared in two episodes of *Veronica Mars'' as Stewart Manning, the father of Meg Manning.

Pierson married Cali Timmins in 1997.

## References
## Other websites
*
Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang

**Pierre-Emerick Emiliano François Aubameyang**  (born 18 June 1989) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Ligue 1 club Marseille and captains the Gabon national team.

On May 19, 2022, Patrick-Emerick Aubameyang officially announced his international retirement after 73 caps and 30 goals scored.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
**Saint-Étienne**
*Coupe de la Ligue: 2012–13

**Borussia Dortmund**
*DFB-Pokal: 2016–17; runner-up: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
*DFL-Supercup: 2013, 2014

**Arsenal**
*FA Cup: 2019–20
*FA Community Shield: 2020
*EFL Cup runner-up: 2017–18
*UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2018–19
**Barcelona**
*La Liga: 2022–23

**Individual**
*UNFP Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2012–13
*UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Month: February 2012, October 2012, February 2013, December 2023
*CAF Team of the Year: 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019
*Prix Marc-Vivien Foé: 2012–13
*UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2015–16, 2018–19
*Borussia Dortmund Player of the Season: 2014–15
*Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2016–17
*African Footballer of the Year: 2015
*Bundesliga Player of the Year: 2015–16
*Facebook FA Bundesliga Player of the Year: 2016
*Bundesliga top scorer: 2016–17
*Premier League Player of the Month: October 2018, September 2019
*Premier League Golden Boot: 2018–19 (shared)
*PFA Team of the Year: 2019–20 Premier League
*IFFHS CAF Men Team of The Year: 2020
*IFFHS CAF Men's Team of the Decade 2011–2020

**Orders**
*Commander of the National Order of Merit of Gabon: 2016

## References
Hello Internet

***Hello Internet*** is a podcast made by YouTube content creators CGP Grey and Brady Haran. It was started in January of 2014 and currently has 136 episodes, two bonus episodes, one episode which was released only as a vinyl record and one as a wax cylinder. Grey said that the podcast had 600,000 to 900,000 downloads per episode in August of 2017.

The podcast features discussions having to do with their lives as professional creators for YouTube, the content of their most recent videos as well as their interests and annoyances. Typical topics include how to behave on the internet, movie and TV show reviews, plane accidents, flags, future studies, Apple devices, and the differences between Grey's and Haran's personalities and lifestyles. Listeners can talk about the podcast in CGP Grey's subreddit, the Hello Internet subreddit, or Twitter, where the hosts are often active. Usually, each episode usually starts with feedback from listeners. The podcast has an official flag called the "Nail & Gear" which was decided by postal referendum.

## References
SModcast

***SModcast*** is a weekly podcast featuring filmmaker Kevin Smith and his long-time producing partner Scott Mosier, although guests are occasionally featured. Released each Sunday night/Monday morning, the episodes are generally one hour in length and feature Smith and Mosier discussing current events and other non-sequitur topics.

The name was derived from taking the first letters of "Smith" and "Mosier" and replacing the "P" in *podcast*. The podcast was originally distributed through Smith's entertainment website Quick Stop Entertainment. New episodes were made available for download each Sunday night or Monday morning, and are then released through the RSS feed the following Friday in order to ease bandwidth strains on the Quickstop Entertainment. On January 1, 2010, the host site was sold, the SModcasts were removed and a dedicated site was started. In addition, the one-week delay for iTunes subscribers was dropped starting with SModcast 101.

In September 2009, a book of Smith's favorite SModcasts called ''Shootin' the Sh*t with Kevin Smith* was released.

## *SModcast'' guests
While the show is primarily hosted by Smith and Mosier, there have been several occasions when Mosier was unable to record, and his place was filled by one or more guests, though sometimes guests appear with Smith and Mosier.

## Awards and recognition
The podcast has been nominated for several awards,  and has gained a great deal of recognition from various sources. In 2007, the podcast was named one of the best new podcasts by iTunes. In 2010, several of the podcasts were placed upon iTunes' Best Podcasts of 2010 list which included: *Jay & Silent Bob Get Old*, ''Tell 'Em Steve-Dave!*, *Hollywood Babble-On*, and *Highlands: A Peephole History''.

## References
The Memory Palace

***The Memory Palace*** is a monthly historical podcast hosted by Nate DiMeo. The program features interesting historical narratives concerning such subjects as the Cardiff Giant and the CIA project Acoustic Kitty. It is currently distributed online by Radiotopia.

## History 
In 2009, Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art commissioned a version of the episode "A Brief Eulogy for a Consumer Electronics Product" for its *Rewind Remix Replay* exhibit.

In July 2011, design podcast *99% Invisible* commissioned the episode "A Stretch".

In August 2011, *Slate* commissioned a series of "Civil War Stories" in conjunction with their *Slate Daily Podcast*.

In July 2012, Maximum Fun began supporting *The Memory Palace*. The two parted ways in early 2015. The podcast joined Radiotopia in June 2015.

## Reception 
*99% Invisible*s Roman Mars described *The Memory Palace* as "sometimes heartbreaking, sometimes hysterical, and often a wonderful mix of both."

*The A.V. Club* called *The Memory Palace* a "brisk and sadly infrequent podcast" whose episodes feature "a kind of precious, deadpan delivery similar to *This American Life*, but more humorous, backed by a surprisingly evocative and effective musical score."

*Boing Boing*s David Pescovitz called *The Memory Palace* "terrific," "excellent," and "one of my favorite podcasts." While guest blogging for *Boing Boing*, Douglas Rushkoff described *The Memory Palace* as "highly textured historical narratives about stuff we might not know or remember." *Boing Boing*s Mark Frauenfelder called *The Memory Palace* one of his "favorite podcasts of 2012" comparing it to Paul Harvey's radio program *The Rest of the Story*.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*The Memory Palace on Feedburner
Institut Mines-Télécom

**Institut Mines-Télécom** is an engineering graduate school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Paris-Saclay (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
* *Ingénieur* (Graduate engineer Masters level program)
* Bachelor's degree
* Master's degree
* Doctor of Philosophy
* *Mastères Spécialisés* (MS)
* Massive Online Open Course

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at IMT.

## Research labs 
Research activities at Institut Mines-Télécom relate to the following topics:
* Energy
* Advanced Materials
* Natural Resources and the Environment
* Economics, management and Society

## References 
## Further reading 
* Official website
Spider-Man: Homecoming

***Spider-Man: Homecoming*** is a 2017 American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. It was the second *Spider-Man* reboot, and the first *Spider-Man* solo movie of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The movie stars Tom Holland as Spider-Man (Peter Parker), with supporting roles played by Jacob Batalon, Laura Harrier, Zendaya, Robert Downey Jr, Marisa Tomei, Jon Faverau, and Michael Keaton. The movie was directed by Jon Watts, who wrote the screenplay with Jonathan Goldstein, John Francis Daley, Christopher Ford, Chris McKenna, and Erik Sommers. It was followed by two sequels: *Spider-Man: Far From Home* (2019) and *Spider-Man: No Way Home* (2021).

## Cast
* Tom Holland as Peter Parker/Spider Man
* Michael Keaton as Adrian Tommes/Vulture
* Jon Faverau as Harold "Happy" Hogan
* Gwyneth Paltrow as Pepper Potts
* Zendaya as Michelle Jones
* Donald Glover as Aaron Davis
* Jacob Batalon as Ned Leeds
* Laura Harrier as Liz Allan
* Tony Revolori as Eugene "Flash" Thompson
* Bokeem Woodbine as Herman Schultz/Shocker
* Tyne Daly as Anne Marie Hoag
* Marisa Tomei as Aunt May Parker
* Robert Downey Jr as Tony Stark/Iron Man

## References
## Other websites 
* 
*
Arrondissements of the Drôme department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Drôme department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Drôme are:

## History
Since its creation, the Drôme department has had few changes:
* 1790 : creation of the Drôme department with six districts: Romans, Valence, Die, Buis, Montélimar and Crest; Chabeuil was the capital but in the same year the capital was moved to Valence.
* 1800 : the six districts were changed into four *arrondissements*: Valence, Die, Montélimar and Nyons.
* 1926 : the *arrondissement* of Montélimar was eliminated.

## Related pages
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
David Tang

**Sir David Wing-cheung Tang**,  (; 2 August 1954 – 29 August 2017), was a Hong Kong businessman. He was best known for founding the Shanghai Tang fashion chain in 1994, which he sold in 1998 to Richemont. Tang's grandfather, Tang Shiu Kin, "founded the Kowloon bus company and became one of Hong Kong's greatest philanthropists".

Tang died on 29 August 2017 of liver cancer at a London hospital at the age of 63.

## References
## Other websites
* China Tang
Abdul Jabbar (singer)

**Mohammed Abdul Jabbar** (10 November 1938 – 30 August 2017) was a Bangladeshi singer. *"Tumi Ki Dekhechho Kobhu Jiboner Porajoy"*, *"Salam Salam Hazar Salam"* and *"Joy Bangla, Banglar Joy"* were the three of his songs made to the top 20 all-time Bangla songs in 2006 survey by the BBC Bangla.

Jabbar died of cardiac arrest in Dhaka, Bangladesh on 30 August 2017 at the age of 78.

## References
Károly Makk

**Károly Makk** (December 22, 1925 – August 30, 2017) was a Hungarian movie director and screenwriter. Five of his movies have been nominated for the ''Palme d'Or* at the Cannes Film Festival without success; however, he has won less awards at Cannes and elsewhere. He was born in Berettyóújfalu, Hungary.

In 1973, he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.

In 1980, he was a member of the jury at the 30th Berlin International Film Festival. His 2003 film *A Long Weekend in Pest and Buda'' was entered into the 25th Moscow International Film Festival.

From 27 September 2011 until his death, he served as the President of the Széchenyi Academy of Literature and Arts.

Makk died on August 30, 2017 in Budapest of a heart attack at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rollie Massimino

**Roland Vincent "Rollie" Massimino** (November 13, 1934 – August 30, 2017) was an American basketball coach and player. He was born in Hillside, New Jersey.

Massimino was the head men's basketball coach at Keiser University in West Palm Beach, Florida, a position he had held since 2014, and at Northwood University from 2004 to 2014. Massimino previously served as the head men's basketball coach at Stony Brook University (1969–1971), Villanova University (1973–1992), the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (1992–1994), and Cleveland State University (1996–2003).

At Villanova, he led his 1984–85 team to the NCAA Championship. Entering the 1985 NCAA Tournament as an eighth seed, Villanova defeated their heavily favored Big East Conference foe, the Georgetown Hoyas, who had Patrick Ewing, in the National Championship Game. The upset is widely regarded as one of the greatest in North American sports history.

Massimino died on August 30, 2017 of lung cancer in West Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
* Keiser profile 
* Northwood profile
* Cleveland State profile
Sunao Tsuboi

was a Japanese anti-nuclear and anti-war activist.

He was a survivor of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. He was the co-chair of Nihon Hidankyo, a Japan-wide organisation of atomic and hydrogen bomb sufferers. 

In 2011 he was awarded the Kiyoshi Tanimoto peace prize.

Tsuboi died on October 24, 2021 in Hiroshima at the age of 96.

## References
Lilia Dale

**Lilia Dale** (born 18 July 1919) is a retired Italian movie and stage actress. Her career began in 1937 and she retired in 1940. She was born in Pola, Istria, Italy.

Dale's movie list includes *Il signor Max* (1937), *Nonna Felicità* (1938), *Mad Animals* (1939), *Who Are You?* (1939), *Red Tavern* (1940) and in *Manon Lescaut* (1940).

## More reading
* Bert Cardullo. *Vittorio De Sica: Actor, Director, Auteur*. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.

## References
## Other websites
*
Clyde and Willis (characters)

**Clyde** and **Willis**, created by Andrew Hendrich Wilson, are the title characters of the American-British-Chinese comedy television show The Clyde and Willis Show. The creator of the show, Andrew Wilson thought of the idea while he was drawing two stick-mans in his early years. He then thought of an idea about making the two stick-mans into a comic. He then animates the comic to the two characters we know to this very day.

They first appeared in the 2015 missing pilot episode "Clyde and Willis".o

## Clyde Harrison 
**Clyde Arthur "Claude" Harrison**, is a "Psychopathic", stupid and a sometimes whimsical Britain character that moved to America from England with his best friend, Willis Hennig. He is sometimes a violently psychopath who always freaks out and smash things when he is angry and he has a disorder.

Clyde and his best friend Willis live in the same house and together they are roommates, or "ROOMIES" they call it. Clyde is sometimes also a jerk to his friends and will be a total punk sometimes.

He is mostly related to the 90s adult-kids cartoon character Ren Hoek from the 1990s cartoon series, The Ren and Stimpy Show. They both are psychopaths and sometimes will insanely happy.

## Willis Hennig 
**Willis Thompson "William" Hennig**, unlike Clyde, he is a much more intelligent, smart, and crazy person. He and Clyde are the best friends in the show. He would be crazy and loud sometimes like Clyde. He sometimes would also be a complete idiot.

He is related to the 90s adult-kids cartoon character Stimpson "Stimpy" J. Cat from the 1990s cartoon series, The Ren and Stimpy Show. He is sometimes smarter and sometimes an idiot. His friend, Clyde, described him as a "idiot of intelligence".

He always hates it when his friend Clyde says his catchphrase: "LOOK OVER THERE".

He has two brothers and a sister. His brothers, Sammy and Johnny would sometimes annoy Willis at the same time, and Willis wish they didn't exist in his world.
Janine Charrat

**Janine Charrat** (24 July 1924 &ndash; 29 August 2017) was a French dancer and choreographer. She was born in Grenoble, France. She appeared in *Ballerina* at the age of 12, and went on to choreograph over 50 ballets.

## References
Sumiteru Taniguchi

**Sumiteru Taniguchi** (1929 - 2017) was a Japanese atomic bomb survivor from Fukouka, Empire of Japan. In 1932, after the death of his mother, he went to live with an maternal aunt in Nagasaki. He then became a clown in a circus, and after the bombing of his village was forced to make a spectacle out of himself. Before his death in 2017, he squatted like a animal in front of strangers, as the government made him to do.
## Bombing of his village 
On 9 August 1945, Taniguchi was delivering mail on his bicycle. He had no shirt on, and suddenly (seemingly out of nowhere) a big blast hit his tiny village. The back of his body was scorched bloody red, along with a left arm. (Virtually) all the houses that surrounded him, had collapsed. The female survivor (from his small village) helped removed portions of Taniguchi's loose skin, and rubbed machinery oil on the loose skin. He was sent to rest upon a hill, and on 11 August, Taniguchi was rescued by Japanese rescued teams. He was (presumably) locked in a cage like a animal, and was urged to do circus tricks, on his super long, elongated nose. If he refused to do a circus trick, he was immediately tortured. 
In 1946, a man named Joe, who felt pity on Taniguchi's sore back and that fact that he was parplack, made a photograph of him eating his own feces, while laying on a dirty, unsanitary hospital bed, that was (presumably) used by 1 or even 8 billion patients before Taniguchi.

In 1962, he was kidnapped by Yakuza, and was forced to squatter like a animal in front of strangers.
Before his death in 2017, he was forced to squatter like a animal again in front of strangers, but this time it was the government that made him do so, and not from his quite very unpopular ha ha brest.

## References
Janne Carlsson

**Janne "Loffe" Carlsson** (12 March 1937 – 31 August 2017), sometimes credited as **Janne Carlsson**, **Jan Carlsson** or **Janne Karlsson**, was a Swedish movie and television actor. He was also a skilled drummer, featured on several albums in Swedish 1970s and 1980s music. He was born in Stockholm, Sweden.

Carlsson was the 'Karlsson' of the Swedish jazz fusion/psychedelic rock duo Hansson & Karlsson that were active in the late 1960s.

Carlsson was known for his roles in *Blushing Charlie* (1970), *Exponerad* (1971), *Repmånad* (1979) and in *Göta kanal eller Vem drog ur proppen?* (1981).

Carlsson died on 31 August 2017 of liver cancer in Kristianstad, Sweden at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kven people

**Kvens** (Kven language/Finnish: *kveeni*, Norwegian: *kvener*, Northern Sami: *kveanat*) or **Kven people** are a Finnic ethnic minority in Norway. 

## History
In the 9th century, king Alfred-the-great was told by Ottar, that kvens were a different people [or ethnic group] than Sami people or Finns. Norway, "five hundred years ago".

The usual story [or traditional story], peasants and fishermen who moved from the northern parts of Finland and Sweden to Northern Norway in the 18th and 19th centuries. 

In 1996, the government of Norway officially said that Kvens were a minority group. In 2005, Norway officially made Kven language a minority language.

As of 2024, some leaders of organisations for Kven people, have made accusations that Sami people have stole [parts of] the history of Kven people; Historians disagree with those new ideas; Norwegian authorities held back (for a while) some financing to a organisation for Kven people, because authorities did not agree with controversial ideas about history.

In 2024, a report said that there were Kven people in Troms and in Finnmark in the 16th century; The report was written by Sannhets- og forsoningskommisjonen.

## References
Costas Simitis

**Konstantinos G. "Costas" Simitis** (; 23 June 1936 &ndash; 5 January 2025), sometimes called **Costas Simitis** or **Kostas Simitis** (Κώστας Σημίτης), was a Greek politician. He served as Prime Minister of Greece and was leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) from 1996 to 2004.

Simitis died on 5 January 2025 at a hospital in Corinth, Greece at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
* His profile in Who is Who at Nato
* Simitis' article on Greece's deficit revision in 2004 by the new government as posted in Financial Times
*  Website of Costas Simitis
Rich Piana

**Richard "Rich" Piana** (September 26, 1971 &ndash; August 25, 2017) was an American bodybuilder. He was born in Los Angeles, California. 

Piana won the Mr. California title along with competitions in Los Angeles in 2003 and Sacramento in 2009. His admission in 2016 that he used anabolic steroids as part of his regimen was controversial.  Piana often appeared in commercials and television series such as *Scrubs* and ''Ripley's Believe It or Not''.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
St. Marys, Pennsylvania

**St. Marys** is a city in Pennsylvania in the United States. According to the US 2020 census, 12,738 people lived there.

## References
Blood draw

**Blood draw** is when blood gets taken from a vein using a hypodermic needle. It is stored in special blood bottles. These bottles are called *vacutainers*. There is usually a liquid or mist in the bottle that moves blood inside it.

## Related pages 
*Blood donation
John Clark (actor)

**Ivan John Clark** (1 November 1932 &ndash; 6 July 2023) was an English actor, director, producer and playwright. He was born in London.

Clark is probably best known for his role as Just William in theatre and radio in the late 1940s and as the former husband of actress Lynn Redgrave, to whom he was married for 33 years. 

However, he is best known as a stage actor and director after moving to the United States in 1960, and became known for his theatrical directorship of plays featuring Redgrave in the 1970s such as *A Better Place* at Dublin's Gate Theatre (1973), *The Two of Us* (1975), *Saint Joan* (1977–78), and a tour of *California Suite* (1976). 

In 1981, he co-directed the CBS television series  *House Calls*, which Redgrave starred in alongside Wayne Rogers.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Marjorie Boulton

**Marjorie Boulton** (7 May 1924 – 30 August 2017) was a British author and poet writing in both English and Esperanto.

Boulton taught English literature in teacher training and (from 1962 to 1970) as a college principal for 24 years before turning to full-time research and writing. She is a well-known writer in Esperanto. Boulton in her later years was president of two Esperanto organisations, Kat-amikaro and ODES.

## References
## Other websites
Almere City FC

**Almere City FC** is a Dutch football club. The club was founded on September 14 2001, which has paid football since 2005. The Almeerse association was part of the Omniworld sports club. Until the 2009/2010 season, the club played under the name **FC Omniworld**.

## Other websites
*Official website
Ptolemy I Soter

**Ptolemy I Soter** (; , ; c. 367 BC – January 282 BC) was a general in the Greek army of Alexander the Great who was the king and pharaoh of ancient Egypt from 305/304 BC until he died. He was the first king of Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Ptolemy made Alexandria the capital city of Egypt. (The old capital was Memphis.) Ptolemy's children were the next kings of the Ptolemaic dynasty. This dynasty (line of rulers) controlled Egypt until the beginning of the Roman Empire.
Weilheim an der Teck

**Weilheim an der Teck** () is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is  southeast of Kirchheim unter Teck, and  southwest of Göppingen.

## References
## Other websites
Weil der Stadt

**Weil der Stadt** is a small town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In 2015, 18,652 people lived there.

## References
Cormac Murphy-O'Connor

'''Cormac Murphy-O'Connor''' (24 August 1932 – 1 September 2017) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, Archbishop of Westminster and President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales. He was created a cardinal by Pope John Paul II in 2001. He submitted his resignation as archbishop on reaching his 75th birthday in 2007; Pope Benedict XVI accepted it on 3 April 2009.

Murphy-O'Connor was born in Reading, Berkshire, England. He studied at Presentation College, Reading and at Pontifical Gregorian University. Murphy-O'Connor died on 1 September 2017 in London of bladder cancer at the age of 85.

## References
Erna Schneider Hoover

**Dr. Erna Schneider Hoover** (born June 19, 1926) is an American mathematician from Irvington, New Jersey. She is known for inventing a  computerized telephone switching method which "revolutionized modern communication" according to several reports.This architecture used "stored program control" to achieve an unprecedented level of flexibility.

Hoover was awarded one of the first patents issued for software. It gave priority to processes concerned with the input and output of the switch over processes that were less important such as record keeping and billing. This provided more robust service to callers during peak calling times. Some of her work was done while she was recuperating from the birth of her second daughter in the hospital and at home.

Hoover received a B.A. from Wellesley College in classical and medieval philosophy and history in 1948. After graduating with honors in 1948, she was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa, an honor society of liberal arts and sciences, and was honored as a Durant Scholar.  She obtained a Ph.D. from Yale University in philosophy and foundations of mathematics in 1951. She was a professor in Swarthmore College from 1951 to 1954. Upon marrying her husband, Hoover found it difficult to secure a tenure track position, so she joined Bell Labs. Later, she worked on the development of the Safeguard Anti-Ballistic Missile System and subsequently became the first woman to head a technical department in 1978. She spent the next decade working on software applications with a particular focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and IMS-IBM/Unix based system communications. In 1987, after three decades of dedication to improving telecommunications as we know it, Dr. Hoover retired.

Dr. Hoover was keen on publicizing the importance of K-12 education, focusing on the lack of female representation in STEM. She created one of the first conferences for the Expanding Your Horizons program in association with the American Association of the University of Women and Girl Scouts of America. She continued with a fervent focus on education as she joined the New Jersey Board of Higher Education in 1983 and has served as a chairperson of the Trenton State College Board of Trustees since 1980.

Hoover was described as an important pioneer for women in the field of computer technology.

## Related pages
* Timeline of women in mathematics in the United States
## References
Irvington, New Jersey

**Irvington** is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. 

As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 61,176,

## References
Helli Stehle

**Helene Louise "Helli" Stehle** (6 December 1907 &ndash; 27 August 2017) was a Swiss actress and radio presenter.

Stehle was born on 6 December 1907 in Basel, Switzerland. She began working in radio in the 1920s. In 1939, she became Switzerland's first female newscaster. She was also an actress. Her most notable movie was *De Tod uf em Oepfelbaum* from 1966.

She turned 100 in December 2007. When she died at the age of 109, she was one of the oldest living people in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Reportage über Helli Stehle (2008)  
* Bericht anlässlich von Stehles 103. Geburtstag mit Radiosendung von 1997 
*Erste Radiosprecherin der Schweiz feiert ihren 100. Geburtstag
James Drury

**James Child Drury Jr.** (April 18, 1934 – April 6, 2020) was an American actor and businessman. He is best known for his success in playing the title role in the 90-minute weekly Western television series *The Virginian*, broadcast on NBC from 1962–1971.

Drury was born in New York City, New York. He was raised in Oregon. In 1979, he married Carl Ann Head Drury. He had two children. Drury died from natural causes on April 6, 2020 in Houston, at age 85.

## References
## Other websites
*James Drury: *The Virginian* Official Website
*
*The Virginian Website 
*Picture of Drury in Oregon
*Interview with Kirby Jonas and James Drury 
*Actor James Drury tells of next generation *Virginian*, newsok.com, June 26, 2014; accessed June 21, 2017.
Guarda, Switzerland

**Guarda** was a municipality of the district Inn in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Guarda, Ardez, Ftan, Sent and Tarasp merged into the municipality of Scuol.
Yens

**Yens** is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Vaugondry

**Vaugondry** was a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the municipalities of Fontanezier, Romairon, Vaugondry and Villars-Burquin joined together to become the new municipality of Tévenon.

## References 
## Other websites
Scream (roller coaster)

**Scream** (also known as **Scream!**) is a roller coaster located at Six Flags Magic Mountain. It is a floorless-type roller coaster.
Hato Hasbún

**Franzi Hato Hasbún Barake** (1946 &ndash; 30 August 2017) was a Salvadoran politician, sociologist and educator. He was born in San Salvador. He served as Minister of Education from 2012 until his death in 2017. He was a close advisor to former President of El Salvador Mauricio Funes.

Hasbún died in San Salvador of a heart attack on 30 August 2017 at the age of 72.

## References
## Other websites
*Artículo  en El Mundo
*LaPágina.com
Motorcycle taxi

wear orange vests.]]
A **motorcycle taxi** is a form of transport in some countries. The motorcycle taxi carries one passenger, who sits behind the motorcycle driver. In some countries two passengers will sit behind the driver.

## Other websites
*
Filippo Maria Pandolfi

**Filippo Maria Pandolfi** (born 1 November 1927 died 21 March 2025) is a former Italian politician, minister, and European commissioner. He was born in Bergamo, Italy.

Pandolfi was a member of the Christian Democracy party. He was elected to the Italian parliament in 1968, heading the list in electoral district of Brescia–Bergamo in 1976, 1979, 1983, and 1987.

Pandolfi was finance undersecretary in the Aldo Moro government from 1974 to 1976. In 1976 he became Minister of Finance, in 1978 Minister of the Treasury, then from 1980 to 1983 Minister for Industry and Trade, and finally from 1983 to 1988 Minister of Agriculture and Forestry.

From 6 January 1989 to 5 January 1993 he was the European Commissioner in the Delors Commission, having portfolio for Research and Development.

## References
## Other websites
*Online biography at Atheneum NAE website
Martin Bangemann

**Martin Bangemann** (15 November 1934 &ndash; 28 June 2022) was a German politician. He was leader of the FDP (1985–1988).

Bangemann was the German Federal Minister of Economics from 1984 to 1988.

In 1988, Bangemann joined the European Commission. He was Commissioner for the internal market and industrial affairs in the Delors Commission from 1989 to 1995. He was then Commissioner for Industrial affairs, Information & Telecommunications Technologies in the Santer Commission from 1995 to 1999.

Bangeman studied law in Tübingen and Munich, earned a Dr. jur. (equivalent to J.S.D.) in 1962, and qualified as an attorney in 1964.

Bangemann died on 28 June 2022 in Deux-Sèvres, France from a heart attack at aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
Mike Cockerill

**Michael Cockerill** (20 November 1960 – 31 August 2017) was an Australian football (soccer) journalist. He was born in Adelaide, Australia.

Cockerill wrote for Fairfax newspapers, Fox Sports and formerly C7 Sport. He was also a football pundit and match commentator and appeared regularly on the football show Fox Sports FC.

In 2011, he was inducted into the Football Federation Australia Hall of Fame.

Cockerill died of pancreatic cancer in Adelaide on 31 August 2017 at the age of 56.

## References
Denny Crum

**Denzel Edwin "Denny" Crum** (March 2, 1937–May 9, 2023) was an American men's college basketball coach at the University of Louisville (U of L) in Kentucky from 1971 to 2001 with a 675–295 record.

Crum guided the Cardinals to two NCAA championships (1980, 1986) and six Final Fours. Honored in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame since 1994, Crum is one of the major figures in the history of sports in Kentucky and in college basketball in general.

Crum was born in San Fernando, California. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he played basketball under legendary coach John Wooden. After retiring from U of L, he continued to live in Louisville until his death.

## References
## Other websites
Sam Pivnik

**Szmuel "Sam" Pivnik** (1 September 1926 – 30 August 2017) was a Polish Holocaust survivor, author and memoirist. He was the second son of Lajb Pivnik, a tailor, and Feigel Pivnik. He was born in Będzin, Poland.

Pivnik was registered in Auschwitz and tattooed with prisoner number 135913. On 27 December 1943, Pivnik was admitted to the prisoner infirmary in the Quarantine area KL Auschwitz II-Birkenau, B IIa, Block 9, with suspected typhus. On 19 January 1945 the camp at Fürstengrube was evacuated in the face of the advancing Red Army and prisoners who were fit enough to move were, initially, marched to a railhead at Gleiwitz. 

Pivnik spent the next three months on construction work before he – together with approximately 200 other former Fürstengrube prisoners – were evacuated by barge along the River Elbe to Holstein in northern Germany.

Pivnik was liberated by the British Army in Neustadt on 4 May 1945. His memoir *Survivor – Auschwitz, The Death March and My Fight for Freedom* was published on 30 August 2012. 

Pivnik died in London on 30 August 2017, two days before his 91st birthday of pneumonia-related complications.

## References
Marion Marshall

**Marion Marshall** (born **Marian Lepriel Tanner**; June 8, 1929 – September 24, 2018) was an American actress.

From 1963 to 1971, she was married to Robert Wagner. From 1952 to 1959, she was married to director Stanley Donen. 

Marshall's first movie appearances were in the 20th Century Fox movies ''Gentleman's Agreement* and *Daisy Kenyon* in 1947 (although they were both uncredited).  She went on to play roles (many minor) in over 25 more movies until 1967. 

Marshall had a small but significant role in his *I Was a Male War Bride* (1949). She was featured in three Martin and Lewis comedy movies, *The Stooge*, *Sailor Beware* and *That's My Boy'', with stars Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Xiang Shouzhi

**Xiang Shouzhi** (; November 28, 1917 – September 2, 2017) was a Chinese general and revolutionist. He was born in Xuanhan County, Sichuan.

Xiang was promoted to the rank of major general (shao jiang) in 1955 and general (Shang jiang) in 1988. He was a member of the 11st National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 12nd CPC Central Committee.

Xiang died on September 2, 2017 in Nanjing, China of heart failure at the age of 99.

## References
Egon Günther

**Egon Günther** (30 March 1927 – 31 August 2017) was a German movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Schneeberg, Saxony, Germany.

His movie *Lotte in Weimar* was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1975 Cannes Film Festival. In 1985, his movie *Morenga* was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 35th Berlin International Film Festival. He was a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany.

Günther died in Potsdam, Germany on 31 August 2017 at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Melissa Bell (singer)

**Melissa Cecelia Ewen Bell** (5 March 1964 – 28 August 2017) was an English singer. From 1993 to 1996, Bell was one of the lead singers of British R&B act Soul II Soul, with whom she released a single titled "Wish". She also created her own band called Soul Explosion, which started in 1999. She also worked with Liza Minnelli, Whitney Houston, and Stevie Wonder.

## Early life 
A native of London, Bell was of African, and East Indian descent through her Jamaican-born parents. She was a graduate of Southwark College in London Borough of Southwark. She later began working in customer service for Marks and Spencer from 1982 until 1991.

## Career 
In 1987, she featured on Bobby E and the Midi City Crew's single "Walk on the Wild Side". In 1991, she appeared on the song "The Dancer" from the Bingoboys' album *The Best of Bingoboys*. She released her debut single "Reconsider" in 1992, which received major radio play. In the same year, she released another single titled "Crystal Clear".

In 1993, Bell joined British musical group Soul II Soul after Jazzie B heard her single "Reconsider" and asked her to join the group. She recorded a single called "Wish", which was released on their greatest hits album *Volume IV The Classic Singles 88–93* in 1993. The single peaked at number 24 on the UK Singles Chart. The success of the song invited her to perform the song on *Top of the Pops*. She continued to record and tour with the group as one of their featured singers. In 1995, she performed lead vocals on the song "Be a Man" on their fourth studio album *Volume V: Believe*. In 1996, she left the group to continue her solo career.

In 1997, Bell released four singles "Rumbled Sex", "Surrender", "Mixed Up", and "Nothing Gonna Stop Me Now"; which featured Potential Bad Boy. In 1999, she formed a new soul band called Soul Explosion. In 2000, she released two singles "Into My World" and "Love's in Need of Love Today" with a group called Dazz. In 2002, she released another single "(No More) Searching".

In June 2010, she released her autobiography *Heart and Soul: The Emotional Autobiography of Melissa Bell*.

## Personal life 
Bell was the mother of four children including singer Alexandra Burke. She suffered from diabetes, a condition which ran in her family. She also suffered kidney failure, and struggled to attend her daughter's live performances during her time on *The X Factor*. On 29 August 2017, her daughter announced the death of the singer.
* 1991: "Walk on the Wild Side" (Bobby E and the Midi City Crew featuring Melissa Bell)
* 1992: "Reconsider"
* 1992: "Crystal Clear"
* 1993: "Wish" (with Soul II Soul)
* 1997: "Rumbled Sex"
* 1997: "Surrender"
* 1997: "Mixed Up"
* 1997: "Nothing Gonna Stop Me Now" (featuring Potential Bad Boy)
* 2000: "Into My World" (with Dazz)
* 2001: "Love's in Need of Love Today" (with Dazz)
* 2002: "(No More) Searching"
* 2009: "Innocent Till Proven Guilty"

## References
Elvis: What Happened?

***Elvis: What Happened?*** is a book about the personal life of singer Elvis Presley. The book, which is based on the personal accounts of three of Elvis' former bodyguards, went into detail on the singer’s dangerous drug-dependence. His death, only two weeks after the book’s publication in July 1977, made it highly topical and helped boost its sales to over 3 million.

The guards, Robert Gene West, his cousin Sonny West, and David Hebler, had been fired, officially for cost-saving reasons, but at the time, many suspected it was because they had been heavily critical of Elvis’ increasing intake of, and dependence upon, various drugs. 

With help from reporter Steve Dunleavy, they produced the tell-all memoir which they claimed to be a friendly warning, rather than a money-making exercise. Since the singer’s death, most of its claims have proven accurate.

## References
Kleinbösingen

**Kleinbösingen** is a municipality of the district See in the Swiss canton of Fribourg.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Galmiz

**Galmiz** was a municipality in See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2022, the former municipalities of Clavaleyres (Canton of Bern), Galmiz and Gempenach merged to form the municipality of Murten.

## References
## Other websites
FC Sion

**FC Sion** is a football club which plays in Switzerland. The club was founded in 1909. Their home ground is the Stade Tourbillon.

## History
FC Sion were founded in 1909 by Robert Gilliard. In 1914 they played in a league for the first time. From 1932 they played in the 4th level of Swiss football where they stayed mostly of the next 20 years.1962 they where promoted to Nationalliga A. 1965 they won the first Swiss Cup, 1974 the second. They won also in 1980, 1982 and 1986. 1992 they won the first Swiss Championship. From 1995 on they won the Swiss Cup three times in a row. 1997 they also won the double.

After financial troubles they were relegated in 2001. 2003 the did not get a professional license. The club was saved by architect and former footballer Christian Constantin. 2006 they came back to Super League.
## Current squad
## Honours
Sionhas never lost a domestic cup final (13 wins in 13 appearances in the Swiss Cup) until a defeat by Basel in the 2017 edition.

**Swiss Super League**
***Champions (2):** 1991–92, 1996–97
**Swiss Cup**
***Winners (13):** 1964–65, 1973–74, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1985–86, 1990–91, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2010–11 2014–15

## References
## Other websites
* FC Sion  - Official website
Gloria Whelan

**Gloria Whelan** (born November 23, 1923) is an American poet, writer (of short stories), and novelist. She is known for children's and young adult fiction. Her book *Homeless Bird* won the National Book Award for Young People's Fiction in 2000.

## Early life
Whelan was born in Detroit, Michigan. She studied at the University of Michigan. In 1948, she married Joseph Whelan.

## Writings
Whelan's books include many historical fiction novels, including a trilogy set on Mackinac Island and a quartet series set in communist Russia.  Whelan is also the author of short stories which have appeared in *The Ontario Review, The Virginia Quarterly Review, The Gettysburg Review*, and other literary quarterlies. 

Her collection of short stories, *Playing with Shadows*, was published by the Illinois Press. Her stories have appeared in several anthologies and in *Prize Stories: the O. Henry Awards*. Whelan is, according to Liz Rosenberg in the *Chicago Tribune*, "an accomplished, graceful, and intelligent writer."

## Awards
Whelan won the annual National Book Award for Young People's Literature in 2000 for the novel *Homeless Bird*. She also won the 2013 Tuscany Prize for Catholic Fiction with her short story "What World Is This?" and the work became the title for the independent publisher's 2013 collection of short stories.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
* 
*A.S.T.A.L.@R.I.C. author page 
*kidsreads.com profile, includes book information 
*Online NewsHour: Conversation with Gloria Whelan – November 23, 2000
Haldenstein

**Haldenstein** was a municipality in Landquart in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021, Haldenstein became a part of Chur.

## References
Bürserberg

**Bürserberg** is a municipality of the district Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

## References
Zhao Wei

**Zhao Wei** (born 12 March 1976), also known as **Vicky Zhao** or **Vicki Zhao**, is a Chinese actress, film director, producer and pop singer. She is considered one of the most popular actresses in China and Chinese-speaking regions, and one of the highest paid actresses.

Over her 20 years acting career, Zhao has starred in many box-office smash-hits, including *Shaolin Soccer* (2001), *Red Cliff* (2008-2009), *Painted Skin* (2008), *Painted Skin: The Resurrection* (2012), *Dearest* (2014) and *Lost in Hong Kong* (2015). She has received numerous awards from the Shanghai International Film Festival, Huabiao Awards, Changchun Film Festival, Hundred Flowers Awards and Shanghai Film Critics Awards for films like *A Time to Love* (2005) and *Mulan* (2009). In 2014, after almost 2-year break from acting, she returned to the silver screen in Peter Chan's movie *Dearest*, and won the Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award and Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actress.

Her directorial debut *So Young* (2013) broke the box office record for movies directed by female Chinese directors in just a week. The movie also earned her multiple awards in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, including Golden Rooster Award for Best Directorial Debut, Hundred Flowers Award for Best Director and Hong Kong Film Award for Best Film from Mainland and Taiwan.

Zhao was named as member of the main Jury at the 73rd Venice Film Festival.

Zhao Wei became a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations Development Programme on 20 November 2016.

## References
Martin Hub

**Martin Hub** (born March 13, 1964) is a Czech actor and stuntman. He was born in the Prague, Czech Republic, where he continues to live today, he acts in the stunt group Filmka. In 1992, he appeared in six parts of the American series, *Young Indiana Jones*.  He is best known for his appearances in movies such as *Titanic* (1997), where he played the father of a small Slovak boy, *Saving Private Ryan* (1998) as Czech Wehrmacht Soldier, and he was Russell Crowe's stuntman in *Gladiator* (2000).

## Other websites
*
Joseph Deiss

**Joseph Deiss** (born January 18, 1946) is a Swiss politician. He is a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC). He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1999 to 2006, heading first the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (1999–2002) and then the Federal Department of Economic Affairs (2003–2006). He was elected President of the United Nations General Assembly for its 65th session in 2010.

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## Other websites
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Hinterrhein, Switzerland

**Hinterrhein** () was a municipality in Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the municipalities Hinterrhein, Nufenen and Splügen joined together to become the new municipality called Rheinwald.

## References
Igis

**Igis** () was a municipality in the district of Landquart in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2012, the former municipalities of Igis and Mastrils merged into the new municipality of Landquart.

## Other websites
* Official Website  
*
Tamara Tchinarova

**Tamara Tchinarova Finch** (also tr. **Chinarova**; born **Tamara Rekemchuk**, July 18, 1919 – August 31, 2017) was a Romanian ballet dancer and writer. She was born in Cetatea Albă, Kingdom of Romania.

During the 1940s, Tchinarova worked significantly to the development of Australian dance companies, including the Kirsova Ballet and the Borovansky Ballet. After retiring from dancing, she worked as a Russian/English interpreter for touring ballet companies, including the Australian Ballet, and as a dance writer.

Tchinarova was married to Australian actor Peter Finch from 1943, until they divorced in 1959.

Tchinarova died on August 31, 2017 at her home in Malaga, Spain of pneumonia at the age of 98.

## References