January 19

## Events
### Up to 1900 
* 1419 &ndash; Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England in England's reconquest of Normandy.
* 1520 &ndash; Sten Sture the Younger, regent of Sweden, is injured in the Battle of Bogesund, leading to his death on February 3.
* 1607 &ndash; The San Agustin Church in Manila is completed. It is the oldest church in the Philippines still standing.
* 1788 &ndash; A second group of the First Fleet of convicts from Great Britain arrives at Botany Bay, present–day Sydney, Australia.
* 1795 &ndash; The Batavian Republic is founded in the Netherlands.
* 1806 &ndash; The United Kingdom occupies the Cape of Good Hope.
* 1812 &ndash; Peninsular War: After a ten–day siege, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington orders British soldiers of the Light and Third Divisions to storm Ciudad Rodrigo.
* 1817 &ndash; An army led by Jose de San Martin crosses the Andes from Argentina to Chile, having already liberated Argentina.
* 1829 &ndash; Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's *Faust Part 1* is performed for the first time.
* 1839 &ndash; The British East India Company captures Aden, Yemen.
* 1840 &ndash; Captain Charles Wilkes circumnavigates Antarctica.
* 1853 &ndash; Giuseppe Verdi's opera *Il Trovatore* is performed for the first time, in Rome.
* 1861 &ndash; Confederate States of America: Georgia leaves the Union, becoming the 5th state to do so.
* 1862 &ndash; American Civil War: Battle of Mill Springs, the first important Confederate defeat of the war.
* 1871 &ndash; Franco-Prussian War: Prussia wins in the Battle of Saint Quentin.
* 1883 &ndash; German passenger steamer *Cimbria* sinks after a collision off the island of Borkum in the North Sea, killing 437 people.
* 1893 &ndash; Henrik Ibsen's play *The Master Builder* is performed for the first time, in Berlin.
* 1899 &ndash; Anglo–Egyptian Sudan is formed.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1915 &ndash; Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising.
* 1915 &ndash; World War I: German zeppelins bomb Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, killing over 20 people.
* 1917 &ndash; A Munitions Plant Explosion in London kills 73 people.
* 1920 &ndash; The United States Senate votes against joining the League of Nations.
* 1937 &ndash; Howard Hughes sets a new air record, by flying from Los Angeles, California to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: Japanese forces invade Burma.
* 1942 &ndash; Canadian passenger steamer RMS *Lady Hawkins* is sunk by a German U–boat off North Carolina, killing 251 people.
* 1945 &ndash; World War II: Soviet forces liberate the Lodz ghetto.
* 1946 &ndash; General Douglas MacArthur establishes the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo.
* 1949 &ndash; Cuba recognises Israel as an independent country.
* 1953 &ndash; Almost 72% of US television sets are tuned in to *I Love Lucy*, to watch Lucy give birth.
* 1958 &ndash; An expedition led by Vivian Fuchs reaches the South Pole, the fourth expedition to do so.
* 1965 &ndash; The unmanned spacecraft Gemini 2 is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
* 1966 &ndash; Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister of India.
* 1969 &ndash; Czechoslovakian student Jan Palach dies, three days after setting himself on fire in an act of protest.
* 1975 &ndash; A large earthquake strikes Himachal Pradesh, India.
* 1977 &ndash; Rare snowfalls occur in Miami, Florida and the Bahamas.
* 1977 &ndash; Gerald Ford pardons World War II propagandist Iva Toguri D'Aquino.
* 1978 &ndash; The last Volkswagen Beetle to be produced in Europe runs off the assembly line in Emden, Germany. They continue to be produced in Latin America until 2003.
* 1981 &ndash; Iran hostage crisis: US and Iranian officials sign an agreement to release 52 American hostages after 14 months in captivity.
* 1983 &ndash; The Apple Lisa commercial personal computer is announced by Apple Inc.
* 1983 &ndash; Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie is arrested in Bolivia.
* 1991 &ndash; Gulf War: Iraq fires a second scud missile into Israel.
* 1993 &ndash; The Czech Republic and Slovakia join the UN.
* 1996 &ndash; The North Cape Oil Spill occurs off Rhode Island.
* 1997 &ndash; Yasser Arafat returns to Hebron, West Bank, after 30 years.

### From 2001 
* 2006 &ndash; NASA's *New Horizons* probe launches to Pluto.
* 2007 &ndash; Journalist Hrant Dink is murdered in front of his newspaper office.
* 2012 &ndash; Wikipedia's English language edition ends its blackout from the previous day, which was a protest action against the SOPA and PIPA laws proposed by the United States Congress.
* 2013 &ndash; Bulgarian politician Ahmed Dogan survives an attempt to kill him, when his attacker is stopped by security guards.
* 2013 &ndash; An EU–wide driving licence is introduced.
* 2014 &ndash; Anti–government protests escalate in Ukraine, as a new anti–protest law comes into force.
* 2014 &ndash; A bomb attack on an army convoy in the northern Pakistani city of Bannu kills 26 soldiers and injures 38 others.

## Births
### Up to 1900 
* 399 &ndash; Pulcheria, Byzantine Empress (d. 453)
* 1544 &ndash; Francis II of France (d. 1560)
* 1676 &ndash; John Weldon, English musician and composer (d. 1736)
* 1736 &ndash; James Watt, Scottish engineer (d. 1819)
* 1737 &ndash; Giuseppe Millico, Italian singer, composer and music teacher (d. 1802)
* 1739 &ndash; Joseph Bonomi the Elder, Italian architect (d. 1808)
* 1757 &ndash; Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf, German princess (d. 1831)
* 1788 &ndash; Pavel Kivelyov, Russian general and politician (d. 1874)
* 1798 &ndash; Auguste Comte, French philosopher (d. 1857)
* 1807 &ndash; Robert E. Lee, American Confederate General (d. 1870)
* 1808 &ndash; Lysander Spooner, American philosopher (d. 1887)
* 1809 &ndash; Edgar Allan Poe, American writer (d. 1849)
* 1813 &ndash; Henry Bessemer, English engineer and inventor (d. 1898)
* 1832 &ndash; Ferdinand Laub, Czech violinist (d. 1875)
* 1833 &ndash; Alfred Clebsch, German mathematician (d. 1872)
* 1839 &ndash; Paul Cézanne, French painter (d. 1906)
* 1845 &ndash; Joseph M. Carey, Governor of Wyoming (d. 1924)
* 1848 &ndash; Matthew Webb, English swimmer and diver (d. 1883)
* 1851 &ndash; Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922)
* 1866 &ndash; Harry Davenport, American actor (d. 1949)
* 1871 &ndash; Dame Gruev, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1906)
* 1874 &ndash; Hitachiyama Taniemon, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1922)
* 1876 &ndash; Hakashima Gonshiri, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1943)
* 1876 &ndash; Dragotin Kette, Slovenian poet (d. 1899)
* 1878 &ndash; Herbert Chapman, English footballer and manager (d. 1934)
* 1880 &ndash; James G. Scrugham, 14th Governor of Nevada (d. 1945)
* 1889 &ndash; Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Swiss painter, sculptor and designer (d. 1943)
* 1890 &ndash; Elmer Niklander, Finnish sportsman (d. 1942)
* 1892 &ndash; Olafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1964)
* 1893 &ndash; Magda Tagliaferro, Brazilian classical pianist (d. 1986)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Hans Moser, Swiss equestrian (d. 1974)
* 1905 &ndash; Stanley Hawes, British–born Australian movie producer, director and administrator (d. 1991)
* 1908 &ndash; Aleksandr Gennadievich Kurosh, Russian mathematician (d. 1971)
* 1909 &ndash; Hans Hotter, German bass-baritone (d. 2003)
* 1912 &ndash; Leonid Kantorovich, Russian economist (d. 1986)
* 1913 &ndash; Rudolph Wanderone, American pocket billiards player (d. 1996)
* 1917 &ndash; John Raitt, American singer and actor (d. 2005)
* 1920 &ndash; Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Peruvian UN Secretary–General (d. 2020)
* 1920 &ndash; Aleksander Jackowski, Polish anthropologist (d. 2018)
* 1920 &ndash; Roberto M. Levingston, Argentine general and politician, 36th President of Argentina (d. 2015)
* 1920 &ndash; Bruce Sundlun, Governor of Rhode Island (d. 2011)
* 1921 &ndash; Patricia Highsmith, American writer (d. 1995)
* 1922 &ndash; Arthur Morris, Australian cricketer and journalist (d. 2015)
* 1922 &ndash; Jerzy Kawalerowicz, Polish movie director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2007)
* 1922 &ndash; Guy Madison, American actor (d. 1996)
* 1923 &ndash; Jean Stapleton, American actress (d. 2013)
* 1925 &ndash; Nina Bawden, English writer (d. 2012)
* 1926 &ndash; Fritz Weaver, American actor
* 1930 &ndash; Tippi Hedren, American actress
* 1932 &ndash; Richard Lester, British movie director
* 1932 &ndash; Harry Lonsdale, American scientist and businessman (d. 2014)
* 1935 &ndash; Soumitra Chatterjee, Indian actor
* 1935 &ndash; Owsley Stanley, American sound engineer and LSD supplier (d. 2011)
* 1936 &ndash; Ziaur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (d. 1981)
* 1937 &ndash; Giovanna Marini, Italian singer-songwriter
* 1937 &ndash; Princess Birgitta of Sweden
* 1939 &ndash; Phil Everly, American musician (Everly Brothers) (d. 2014)
* 1940 &ndash; Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (d. 1992)
* 1940 &ndash; Mike Reid, English actor and comedian (d. 2007)
* 1941 &ndash; Tony Anholt, English actor (d. 2002)
* 1941 &ndash; Pat Patterson, Canadian professional wrestler
* 1942 &ndash; Michael Crawford, British singer and actor
* 1942 &ndash; Thom Mayne, American architect
* 1943 &ndash; Janis Joplin, American singer (d. 1970)
* 1943 &ndash; Princess Margriet of the Netherlands
* 1944 &ndash; Laurie London, British singer
* 1944 &ndash; Dan Reeves, American football coach
* 1945 &ndash; Dragan Holcer, Croatian footballer (d. 2015)
* 1945 &ndash; C. B. Forgotston, American political blogger (d. 2016)
* 1945 &ndash; Trevor Williams, British musician
* 1946 &ndash; Julian Barnes, British writer
* 1946 &ndash; Dolly Parton, American country music singer
* 1947 &ndash; Rod Evans, British musician (Deep Purple)
* 1948 &ndash; Frank McKenna, Canadian politician and diplomat, 27th Premier of New Brunswick
* 1948 &ndash; Amanda Holden, English playwright and composer
* 1949 &ndash; Dennis Taylor, Northern Irish snooker player
* 1949 &ndash; Robert Palmer, English singer (d. 2003)
* 1949 &ndash; Lindsay Roy, Scottish politician

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Gerald Tinker, American athlete
* 1953 &ndash; Desi Arnaz, Jr., American actor
* 1954 &ndash; Cindy Sherman, American photographer
* 1954 &ndash; Katharina Thalbach, German actress and movie director
* 1954 &ndash; Katey Sagal, American actress
* 1955 &ndash; Simon Rattle, British conductor
* 1957 &ndash; Kenneth McClintock, Puerto Rican politician
* 1958 &ndash; Thomas Kinkade, American painter (d. 2012)
* 1960 &ndash; Mauro Tassotti, Italian footballer
* 1960 &ndash; Al Joyner, American athlete
* 1961 &ndash; Wayne Hemingway, English fashion designer
* 1963 &ndash; Martin Bashir, English journalist
* 1963 &ndash; John Bercow, English politician, Speaker of the House of Commons
* 1963 &ndash; Michael Adams, American basketball player
* 1964 &ndash; Ricardo Arjona, Guatemalan singer-songwriter and basketball player
* 1966 &ndash; Stefan Edberg, Swedish tennis player
* 1966 &ndash; Lena Philipsson, Swedish singer
* 1967 &ndash; Javier Cámara, Spanish actor
* 1969 &ndash; Steve Staunton, Irish footballer
* 1969 &ndash; Junior Seau, American football player (d. 2012)
* 1969 &ndash; Luc Longley, Australian basketball player
* 1971 &ndash; Shawn Wayans, American actor
* 1972 &ndash; Angham, Egyptian singer, record producer and actress
* 1972 &ndash; Princess Kalina of Bulgaria
* 1973 &ndash; Antero Manninen, Finnish cellist
* 1973 &ndash; Frank Caliendo, American comedian, actor and screenwriter
* 1974 &ndash; Jaime Moreno, Bolivian footballer

### From 1976 
* 1979 &ndash; Wiley, British rapper
* 1979 &ndash; Svetlana Khorkina, Russian gymnast
* 1980 &ndash; Pasha Kovalev, Russian–born dancer
* 1980 &ndash; Jenson Button, British racing driver
* 1981 &ndash; Asier del Horno, Spanish footballer
* 1982 &ndash; Jodie Sweetin, American actress
* 1985 &ndash; Rika Ishikawa, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
* 1985 &ndash; Benny Feilhaber, American soccer player
* 1985 &ndash; Pascal Behrenbruch, German decathlete
* 1986 &ndash; Claudio Marchisio, Italian footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Loren Geller-Rabinowitz, American ice dancer
* 1987 &ndash; Edgar Manucharyan, Armenian footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Alexey Vorobyov, Russian singer and actor
* 1991 &ndash; Erin Sanders, American actress
* 1992 &ndash; Shawn Johnson, American gymnast
* 1992 &ndash; Mac Miller, American rapper, producer and actor
* 1992 &ndash; Logan Lerman, American actor

## Deaths
### Up to 1900 
* 520 &ndash; John of Cappadocia, Patriarch of Constantinople
* 639 &ndash; Dagobert I, king of the Franks
* 1526 &ndash; Isabella of Burgundy, queen of Christian II of Denmark (b. 1501)
* 1576 &ndash; Hans Sacher, German meistersinger (b. 1494)
* 1661 &ndash; Thomas Venner, English Fifth monarchist (b. 1599)
* 1729 &ndash; William Congreve, English playwright (b. 1670)
* 1799 &ndash; Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1718)
* 1833 &ndash; Louis Joseph Ferdinand Herold, French composer (b. 1791)
* 1847 &ndash; Charles Bent, New Mexico pioneer (b. 1799)
* 1851 &ndash; Esteban Echeverria, Argentine writer (b. 1805)
* 1865 &ndash; Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, French philosopher and anarchist (b. 1809)
* 1869 &ndash; Carl Reichenbach, German philosopher and chemist (b. 1788)
* 1874 &ndash; August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German poet (b. 1798)
* 1878 &ndash; Henri Victor Regnault, French physicist and chemist (b. 1810)
* 1883 &ndash; Richard England, British general (b. 1793)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1905 &ndash; Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (b. 1817)
* 1906 &ndash; Bartolomé Mitre, President of Argentina (b. 1821)
* 1925 &ndash; Maria Sophia of the Two Sicilies (b. 1841)
* 1927 &ndash; Charlotte of Belgium (b. 1840)
* 1930 &ndash; Frank Plumpton Ramsey, British philosopher (b. 1903)
* 1948 &ndash; Tony Garnier, French architect (b. 1869)
* 1954 &ndash; Mohamed Amin Didi, President of the Maldives (b. 1910)
* 1957 &ndash; Jozsef Dudas, Hungarian–Romanian Resistance fighter (b. 1912)
* 1968 &ndash; Ray Harroun, first winner of the Indianapolis 500 (b. 1879)
* 1969 &ndash; Jan Palach, Czech student, political activist (b. 1948)
* 1971 &ndash; Harry Shields, jazz musician (b. 1899)
* 1972 &ndash; Michael Rabin, concert violinist (b. 1936)
* 1975 &ndash; Thomas Hart Benton, painter (b. 1889)
* 1979 &ndash; Tuffy Leemans, American football player (b. 1912)
* 1980 &ndash; William O. Douglas, United States Supreme Court Associate Justice (b. 1898)
* 1982 &ndash; Elis Regina, Brazilian soprano (b. 1945)
* 1984 &ndash; Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1920)
* 1990 &ndash; Herbert Wehner, German politician (b. 1906)
* 1990 &ndash; Rajneesh, religious leader (b. 1931)
* 1991 &ndash; John Russell, American actor (b. 1921)
* 1996 &ndash; Don Simpson, American movie producer (b. 1943)
* 1997 &ndash; James Dickey, poet, novelist (b. 1923)
* 1998 &ndash; Carl Perkins, guitarist (b. 1932)
* 2000 &ndash; Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1934)
* 2000 &ndash; Hedy Lamarr, actress (b. 1914)

### 2001 &ndash; 2015 
* 2003 &ndash; Françoise Giroud, French journalist, screenwriter and politician (b. 1916)
* 2003 &ndash; Milton Flores, Honduran footballer (b. 1974)
* 2004 &ndash; David Hookes, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1955)
* 2005 &ndash; Bill Andersen, New Zealand communist and trade union leader (b. 1924)
* 2005 &ndash; Donald Beardslee, United States murderer, executed in California (b. 1943)
* 2005 &ndash; K. Sello Duiker, South African novelist (b. 1974)
* 2005 &ndash; Ricardo Suriñach, Catholic Bishop of Ponce, Puerto Rico (2000–2003) (b. 1928)
* 2006 &ndash; Wilson Pickett, American singer (b. 1941)
* 2007 &ndash; Scott Bigelow, American professional wrestler (b. 1961).
* 2007 &ndash; Hrant Dink, Turkish–Armenian journalist (b. 1954)
* 2007 &ndash; Denny Doherty, Canadian singer (b. 1940)
* 2008 &ndash; Suzanne Pleshette, American actress (b. 1937)
* 2009 &ndash; Beatrice Farve, American supercentenarian (b. 1895)
* 2010 &ndash; Bill McLaren, Scottish rugby commentator (b. 1923)
* 2010 &ndash; Panajot Pano, Albanian footballer (b. 1939)
* 2012 &ndash; Sarah Burke, Canadian freestyle skier (b. 1982)
* 2013 &ndash; Stan Musial, American baseball player (b. 1920)
* 2013 &ndash; Earl Weaver, American baseball manager (b. 1930)
* 2013 &ndash; Taiho Koki, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1940)
* 2014 &ndash; Christopher Chataway, English athlete, broadcaster, politician and businessman (b. 1931)
* 2014 &ndash; Bert Williams, English footballer (b. 1920)
* 2014 &ndash; Azaria Alon, Israeli environmentalist (b. 1918)
* 2014 &ndash; Steven Fromholz, American entertainer, singer and songwriter (b. 1945)
* 2015 &ndash; Michel Guimond, Canadian politician (b. 1953)
* 2015 &ndash; Vladimir Kesarev, Russian footballer (b. 1930)
* 2015 &ndash; Anne Kirkbride, English actress (Coronation Street) (b. 1954)
* 2015 &ndash; Arthit Kamlang-ek, Thai general (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; Bob Symes, English inventor and television presenter (b. 1924)
* 2015 &ndash; Karl H. Pribram, American neuroscientist and educator (b. 1919)
* 2015 &ndash; Adam Yahiye Gadahn, American Al-Qaeda operative (b. 1978)

### From 2016 
* 2016 &ndash; Yasutaro Koide, Japanese supercentenarian, oldest–living man (b. 1903)
* 2016 &ndash; Ettore Scola, Italian movie director (b. 1931)
* 2016 &ndash; M. K. A. D. S. Gunawardana, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1947)
* 2016 &ndash; Robert M. Carter, English paleontologist (b. 1942)
* 2016 &ndash; Sheila Sim, English actress (b. 1922)
* 2016 &ndash; Frank Sullivan, American baseball player (b. 1930)
* 2016 &ndash; Richard Levins, American mathematical ecologist and population geneticist (b. 1930)
* 2016 &ndash; William Y. Smith, American air force general (b. 1925)
* 2017 &ndash; Jalal Allakhverdiyev, Azerbaijani mathematician (b. 1929)
* 2017 &ndash; Wayne Barrett, American journalist (b. 1945)
* 2017 &ndash; Loalwa Braz, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1953)
* 2017 &ndash; Miguel Ferrer, American actor (b. 1955)
* 2017 &ndash; Eddie Filgate, Irish politician (b. 1915)
* 2017 &ndash; Jan Kruis, Dutch cartoonist (b. 1933)
* 2017 &ndash; Ger van Mourik, Dutch footballer (b. 1931)
* 2017 &ndash; Edwin Pope, American journalist (b. 1928)
* 2017 &ndash; Walt Streuli, American baseball player (b. 1935)
* 2017 &ndash; James S. Vlasto, American public servant (b. 1934)
* 2017 &ndash; H. Boyd Woodruff, American microbiologist (b. 1917)
* 2017 &ndash; Teori Zavascki, Brazilian judge (b. 1948)
* 2018 &ndash; Ute Bock, Austrian educator and humanitarian (b. 1942)
* 2018 &ndash; Anna Campori, Italian actress (b. 1917)
* 2018 &ndash; Saqi Farooqi, Pakistani poet (b. 1926)
* 2018 &ndash; Red Fisher, Canadian sports journalist (b. 1926)
* 2018 &ndash; Dorothy Malone, American actress (b. 1924)
* 2018 &ndash; Fredo Santana, American rapper (b. 1990)
* 2018 &ndash; Allison Shearmur, American film producer (b. 1963)

## Observances 
* Epiphany in the Eastern Orthodox Church
* Southern US States commemorate Robert E. Lee on this date.