open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
River Great Ouse

The **River Great Ouse** () is a river in the England. It is the longest of several British rivers called "Ouse". 

From Syresham in central England, the Great Ouse flows into East Anglia. It goes into the Wash, a bay of the North Sea. 

Its course is , mostly flowing north and east. It is the fifth longest river in the United Kingdom.  The Great Ouse was important for commercial navigation, and for draining the low-lying region through which it flows. 

Its best-known tributary is the Cam, which runs through Cambridge. Its lower course passes through drained wetlands and fens. It has been extensively modified to relieve flooding and provide a better route for barge traffic. It now enters the Wash after passing through the port of King's Lynn.

## Other rivers called the Ouse 
River Ouse, Yorkshire
River Ouse, Sussex
River Great Ouse, Northamptonshire and East Anglia
River Little Ouse, a tributary of the River Great Ouse
There are also some rivers in other countries called the Ouse.

## References
Charlie Brooker (ice hockey)

**Charles Brooker** (March 25, 1932 – December 18, 2020) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics. Brooker was a member of the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen. He won the bronze medal for Canada in 1956 Winter Olympics.

Brooker died on 18 December 2020 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Charlie Brooker's profile at Sports Reference.com
Joan Dougherty

**Joan Dougherty** (March 2, 1927 – December 18, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Montreal. He represented Jacques-Cartier in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1981 to 1987. Dougherty was born in Montreal, Quebec.

Dougherty died on December 18, 2020 in Montreal from COVID-19 at the age of 93.

## References
John Ahern (politician)

**John Ahern** (December 4, 1934 – December 19, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Ahern was a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 6th district from 2001 to 2009 and 2011 to 2013. Ahern was born in Havre, Montana.

Ahern died on December 19, 2020 in Spokane, Washington at the age of 86.

## References
Net run rate

In the sport of cricket, **net run rate** (NRR) is a statistical method used to rank teams in limited overs tournaments. It is especially useful as a tie-breaker when teams have equal points. A team's NRR in a competition is the difference between the average number of runs per over that they have scored, and the average runs per over that have been scored against them. So, if a team has itself scored 9.99 runs per over, and conceded 6.66 runs per over, its NRR is +3.33.

## References
Hermina Pipinić

**Hermina Pipinić** (1 May 1928 – 19 December 2020) was a Croatian actress. Her career began at the First Drama Theatre in Zagreb in 1948. She retired in 1997. She was born in Zagreb. Pipinić was known for her roles in *Square of Violence*, *La steppa* and *Old Surehand*.

Pipinić died in Zagreb on 19 December 2020 at the age of 92.

## References
Eileen Pollock

**Eileen Pollock** (18 May 1947 – 19 December 2020) was a Northern Irish actress. She was known for her role as Lilo Lil in television series *Bread*. Pollock was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her career lasted from 1982 until her retirement in 2019.

Pollock died on 19 December 2020 in London at the age of 73.

## References
Raymon Anning

**Raymon Harry Anning** (Chinese: 顏理國, 22 July 1930 – 20 December 2020) was a British police officer and civil servant. He was the Commissioner of Police of Hong Kong. In the early 1970s, he was a commander of the Metropolitan Police in Greater London. He was Hong Kong Police commissioner from 1985 to 1989.

Anning died on 20 December 2020 at the age of 90.

## References
Romolo Tavoni

**Romolo Tavoni** (30 January 1926 – 20 December 2020) was an Italian sports executive. He directed the racing team Scuderia Ferrari during the 1959 Formula One season. He was born in Formigine, Kingdom of Italy.

Tavoni died on 20 December 2020 at the age of 94.

## References
Christmas Oratorio

The ***Christmas Oratorio*** () is a musical composition written by Johann Sebastian Bach. It tells the story of the birth of Jesus, based on the gospels of Matthew and Luke.

## History 
Before Bach wrote the *Christmas Oratorio*, he already wrote some cantatas for the Christmas season. The oratorio was written in 1734. It was written for the Christmas season of that year. It was first performed in the Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche, Leipzig.

## Music 
The oratorio has 6 parts. Each part is performed for a certain day in the Christmas season. Some of the music is based from Bach's other works.

## Parts 
### Part I 
Part I is written for Christmas Day (December 25). The words tell the story of the birth of Jesus.

The instruments used in part I are 3 trumpets, timpani, 2 flutes, 2 oboes (each player also plays an oboe d'amore), 2 violins, viola, and the basso continuo.

### Part II 
Part II is written for the second day of Christmas (December 26). The words tell the story of the annunciation of the shepherds.

The instruments used in part II are 2 flutes, 2 oboes d'amore, 2 oboes da caccia, 2 violins, viola, and the basso continuo.

### Part III 
Part III is written for the third day of Christmas (December 27). The words tell the story of the arrival of the shepherds.

The instruments used in part III are the same as part I.

### Part IV 
Part IV is written for New Year's Day (January 1). The words tell the story of the circumcision of Jesus.
The instruments used in part II are 2 horns, 2 oboes, 2 violins, viola, and the basso continuo. 

### Part V 
Part V is written for the Sunday after New Year's Day. The words tell the story of the Magi's arrival in Jerusalem.
The instruments used in part II are 2 oboes d'amore, 2 violins, viola, and the basso continuo.

### Part VI 
Part VI is written for the holiday of Epiphany. The words tell the story of the Magi visiting Jesus.

The instruments used in part VI are the same as part I.

## References
Tadeusz Górczyk

**Tadeusz Górczyk** (16 October 1961 – 21 December 2020) was a Polish politician. He was a member of the Sejm from 1991 to 1993. He was a member of the Centre Agreement. Górczyk was born in Jasło, Poland.

Górczyk died on 21 December 2020 at the age of 59.

## References
Richard Vande Hoef

**Richard Peter Vande Hoef** (May 15, 1925 – December 20, 2020) was an American politician. Vande Hoef was born in Boyden, Iowa. He was a member of the Iowa Senate from 1981 to 1993 and State House of Representatives from 1993 to 1999. Vande Hoef was a member of the Republican Party.

Vande Hoef died on December 20, 2020 in Sibley, Iowa at the age of 95.

## References
Hamish McLachlan (rower)

**Hamish McLachlan** (27 July 1967 – 21 December 2020) was an Australian rower. He competed at the rowing event at the 1988 Summer Olympics, finishing fifth. He later worked in the stock market in Australia.

In 2004, McLachlan went to jail for nine years for stock market fraud.

McLachlan died on 21 December 2020 at the age of 53.

## References
Pero Kvrgić

**Pero Kvrgić** (4 March 1927 − 23 December 2020) was a Croatian actor.

Kvrgić was born in Srpske Moravice. He co-founded the Gavella Drama Theatre in 1953. He retired in 1988. 

His play *Stilske vježbe*, a Croatian version of *Exercises in Style*, is well known and has been produced since 1970.

## References
Arkady Andreasyan

**Arkady Georgievich Andreasyan** (, ; 11 August 1947 – 23 December 2020) was a Soviet Armenian football player and manager. 

He played as midfielder for Ararat Yerevan in most of his club career and for the Soviet Union national football team. He won bronze at the 1972 Summer Olympics with the national team.

He was the manager of Ararat Yerevan.

## References
Bijeljina

**Bijeljina** is a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Republika Srpska. In 2013, about 107,715 people lived here.

## References
Lonnie Laffen

**Lonnie Laffen** (July 16, 1958 – December 23, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the North Dakota Senate from the 43rd District from 2010 to 2018. He was a member of the Republican party. Laffen was born in Wimbledon, North Dakota.

Laffen died of a heart attack on December 23, 2020, in Grand Forks, North Dakota at age 62.

## References
Mićo Mićić

**Mićo Mićić** (6 September 1956 – 23 December 2020) was a Bosnian Serb politician. He was mayor of Bijeljina from 2004 until his death in 2020. He was a member of the Serb Democratic Party. Mićić was born in Bijeljina.

Mićić died on 23 December 2020 at a hospital in Bijeljina from COVID-19 at the age of 64.

## References
Frankie Randall

**Frankie Billy Randall** (September 25, 1961 – December 23, 2020) was an American professional boxer. He competed from 1983 to 2005. He was a three-time light welterweight world champion, having held the WBA, WBC, and lineal titles between 1994 and 1997. He was born in Birmingham, Alabama.

Randall died on December 23, 2020 in Birmingham at the age of 59.

## References
K. J. Yesudas

**Kattassery Joseph Yeshudas** (born 10 January 1940) is an Indian playback singer, actor and musician. He sings Indian classical and cinematic songs. Yeshudas has recorded more than 50,000 songs.

## Discography
## References
Sugathakumari

**Sugathakumari** (22 January 1934 – 23 December 2020) was an Indian poet and activist. She was an important person in the environmentalist and feminist movements in Kerala, South India.

She was the founder secretary of the Prakrithi Samrakshana Samithi, an organization for the protection of nature and a day-care center for the mentally ill. 

She chaired the Kerala State Women's Commission.

Sugathakumari died on 23 December 2020 from bronchopneumonia caused by COVID-19 at a hospital in Thiruvananthapuram at the age of 86.

## References
Ron Widby

**George Ronald Widby** (March 9, 1945 – December 23, 2020) was an American football punter in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Green Bay Packers. Widby was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. Widby won the Super Bowl in 1972.

Widby died on December 23, 2020 at the age of 75.

## References
Michael Alig

**Michael Alig** (April 29, 1966 – December 25, 2020) was an American nightclub promoter and convicted felon. He was one of the ringleaders of the Club Kids.

In March 1996, Alig and his roommate, Robert D. "Freeze" Riggs, killed fellow Club Kid Andre "Angel" Melendez over a drug debt. In October 1997, Alig pled guilty to first-degree manslaughter. Both men were sentenced to 10 to 20 years in prison. Alig was released on May 5, 2014.

On December 25, 2020, Alig was found dead by his partner at their Manhattan, New York City home after overdosing on heroin, aged 54.

## References
Fairport, New York

**Fairport** is a village located in the Town of Perinton, which is part of Monroe County, New York. Fairport is a suburb  east of Rochester. In 2005 it was named as one of the "Best Places to Live" by *Money Magazine*. About 5,501 people lived here since the 2020 census.

## References
Perinton, New York

**Perinton** (originally **Perrinton** (in federal censuses) and sometimes **Perrington** when still part of Ontario County) is a town in Monroe County, New York, United States. About 47,479 people lived here since the 2020 census.

## References
Ivan Bogdan

**Ivan Havrylovich Bogdan** (; February 29, 1928 – December 25, 2020) was a Ukrainian wrestler. He was born in Dmytro-Bilivka, Ukrainian SSR. He won an Olympic gold medal in 1960. He won gold medals at the 1958 and 1961 World Wrestling Championships.

Bogdan died on December 25, 2020 at the age of 92.

## References
I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday

**"I Wish it Could Be Christmas Everyday"** is a Christmas song recorded by British glam rock group Wizzard. It was first released in December 1973. The song peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart in December 1973 and January 1974. Other singers of the Christmas song include Wilson Phillips, the Spice Girls and the Monkees.

## Charts
## Certifications and sales
## References
Robin Jackman

**Robin David Jackman** (13 August 1945 – 25 December 2020) was an Indian-born cricketer. He played in four Test matches and 15 One Day Internationals for the England cricket team between 1974 and 1983. He was a member of the Surrey side that won the County Championship in 1971, and also played for Western Province in South Africa in 1971–72, and for Rhodesia between 1972–73 and 1979–80.

Jackman died at his home in Cape Town on 25 December 2020 at the age of 75.

## References
Jamal Khwaja

**Jamal Khwaja** (12 August 1926 – 25 December 2020) was an Indian philosopher and politician. He was born in New Delhi. Khwaja was a member of the Indian National Congress. Khwaja was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1957 to 1962.

Khwaja died on 25 December 2020 in New Delhi at the age of 94.

## References
SD Compostela

**SD Compostela** is a football club which plays in Spain.

## History
Founded in 1928, Compostela spent the better part of that and the following decades playing professional football. On October 28, 1962, the newly formed SD Compostela merged with the Club Arenal. The decade of the 1970s was irregular. The team played in the Tercera División, in the Regional category and in the new Segunda División B. Its first promotion to a semi-national stage occurred in 1977, with a promotion to Segunda División B (Group 1), which lasted just one season; *Compos* promoted again in 1980, this time lasting six years.

Relegation in 1986 was compounded by off-field controversy surrounding the actions of then president Francisco Steppe. He resigned amid allegations of receipt of payments to throw a game against Pontevedra CF, which would assure the opposition's maintenance in the category. The late 1980s saw a significant restructuring of the club both at board and management levels and, in 1990, Compostela regained third-level status.

The following campaign was to prove the club's most successful to date. On 23 June 1991, a capacity crowd of 8,000 at the *Estadio Municipal Santa Isabel*, saw goals from Juanito and Ochoa (two) clinch a 3–1 victory in the final play-off match against CD Badajoz, for a first-ever Segunda División visit.

The move to *Estadio Multiusos de San Lázaro* coincided with the continuing rise in the team's fortunes and, at the end of 1993–94, following a 3–1 play-off victory against Rayo Vallecano, Compostela reached La Liga. Compostela did remarkably well, and reached a best finish of 10th in 1995–96, mainly courtesy of strikers Christopher Ohen and Bent Christensen, whom totalled 23 league goals.

After four seasons at the top, Compostela was relegated after losing a relegation play-off match to Villarreal CF on the away goals rule, despite playing overall attractive football. The club was also about to start a downward spiral; after a relegation to the third level in 2001 the team returned the following year but, in the following campaign, played to a backdrop of off-field distractions, with the players and staff going unpaid for months – a final ninth place was not enough to prevent another relegation, as the club failed to meet the 31 July deadline to settle all wage debts.

## References
Maksim Tsyhalka

**Maksim Tsyhalka** (, , *Maksim Tsygalko*; often spelled **Maxim Tsigalko**; 27 May 1983 – 25 December 2020) was a Belarusian footballer. He made two appearances for the national team in 2003. From 2001 to 2005, he was known for playing for FC Dinamo Minsk.

Tsyhalka died on 25 December 2020 at the age of 37.

## References
Joyce Bulifant

**Joyce Collins Bulifant** (born December 16, 1937) is an American actress and author. She played  Marie Slaughter on *The Mary Tyler Moore Show*.

## References
Joachim Bäse

**Joachim Bäse** (2 September 1939 – 22 December 2020) was a German football player. He was born in Braunschweig. He played ten seasons in the Bundesliga with Eintracht Braunschweig.

He also played for Germany once in 1968.

Bäse died on 22 December 2020, aged 81.

## References
Wojciech Borowik

**Wojciech Jan Borowik** (24 June 1956 – 22 December 2020) was a Polish politician. He was a member of the Sejm from 1993 to 1997. Borowik was a member of the Labour Union Party.

Borowik died at age 64 on 22 December 2020, from COVID-19, during the pandemic in Poland.

## References
Claude Brasseur

**Claude Brasseur** (15 June 1936 – 22 December 2020) was a French actor.

From the late 1950s until two years before his death, Brasseur appeared in 150 movies and television productions. He was known for his role as Arthur in Jean-Luc Godard's *Bande à part* (1964). Brasseur played the lead role in the early 1970s historical crime television series *The New Adventures of Vidocq*.

Brasseur died on 22 December 2020 in Paris, at the age of 84.

## References
Norma Cappagli

**Norma Gladys Cappagli** (20 September 1939 – 22 December 2020) was an Argentine model and beauty queen. She won the 1960 Miss World contest, after being crowned Miss Argentina World 1960. She was the first model from Argentina to win the title. She was born in Buenos Aires.

On 17 December 2020, Cappagli was hospitalized under critical condition after being hit by a bus in Buenos Aires. She died from her injuries five days later on 22 December, aged 81.

## References
Edmund M. Clarke

**Edmund Melson Clarke, Jr.** (July 27, 1945 – December 22, 2020) was an American  computer scientist and academic. He created model checking. He was the FORE Systems Professor of Computer Science Emeritus at Carnegie Mellon University. He won the Turing Award in 2007. Clarke was born in Newport News, Virginia.

In 2005, he became a member of the National Academy of Engineering. In 2011, Clarke became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Clarke died of COVID-19 on December 22, 2020 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at the age of 75.

## References
Shamsur Rahman Faruqi

**Shamsur Rahman Faruqi** (30 September 1935 – 25 December 2020) was an Indian poet and an Urdu critic and theorist. He used criticism found in Western literature and added them to Urdu literature.
 He was also editor of his literary magazine *Shabkhoon* and part-time professor at the South Asia Regional Studies Center at the University of Pennsylvania.

Faruqi died on 25 December 2020 in Allahabad from Covid-19 at the age of 85.

## References
Ed Gomes

**Edwin A. Gomes** (February 25, 1936 – December 22, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Connecticut State Senate from 2015 until 2019. Before that, he  was a member of the state senate from November 2005 to January 2013. Gomes was a member of the Democratic Party. Gomes was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts.

Gomes died on December 22, 2020 in Bridgeport, Connecticut from injuries caused by a car crash, aged 84.

## References
Paul Loridant

**Paul Loridant** (22 April 1948 &ndash; 22 December 2020) was a French politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party. From 1977 to 2008, he was Mayor of Les Ulis. From 1986 until 2004, Loridant was a member of the French Senate. Loridant was born in Ille-sur-Têt, France.

Loridant died on 22 December 2020 in Villejuif, France at the age of 72.

## References
Les Ulis

**Les Ulis** () is a commune in the Essonne department located in the southwestern suburbs (banlieue) of Paris, France. 

## References
Darul Uloom Deoband

**Darul Uloom Deoband** is an Islamic seminary in India. It is the birthplace of Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement. It is located in Deoband, a town in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. It was founded in 1866 by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi.

## History 
Darul Uloom Deoband was established on 31 May 1866 by Muhammad Qasim Nanotawi and other scholars in his circle. The founders include Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Mehtab Ali and Nehal Ahmad (brother-in-law of Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi).
Mahmud Deobandi was appointed as the first teacher, and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was the first student who enrolled in the seminary.

It played an important role in the Indian independence movement. It opposed the Two-state solution proposed by All-India Muslim League.

## Vice-Chancellors 
# Sayyid Muhammad Abid (1866 - 1867)
# Rafiuddin Deobandi (1867 - 1868)
# Habibur Rahman Usmani (1928 - 1929)
# Marghubur Rahman Bijnori (1982 - 2010
# Ghulam Muhammad Vastanvi (10 January 2011 - 24 July 2011)
# Abul Qasim Nomani Banarsi (2011 - present)

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Tabassum F. ''Deoband Ulema's Movement for the Freedom of India.'' Jamiat Ulama i-Hind, New Delhi, pdf at Attahawi blog, July 2007.
* Deobandi Islam Global security organisation website.
* Metcalf B.  Social Science Research Council, non-profit organisation, Brooklyn, New York.
*
Ille-sur-Têt

**Ille-sur-Têt** (Catalan: *Illa* or *Illa de Tet*) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales département in southern France.

## References
Oppo Reno4 Lite

The **Oppo Reno4 Lite** is smartphone, developed by the company Oppo, included in the Reno series and is a simplified version of the Oppo Reno4. It was presented on 28 September 2020. In the India the smartphone was introduced on September 2, 2020, under the name **Oppo F17 Pro**. 1 October 2020 was presented **Oppo A93**, which is a similar model to the Oppo Reno4 Lite in addition to battery capacity and charging speed. 10 October 2020 Oppo A93 was presented in Indonesia called **Oppo Reno 4 F**.
## References
Clem Eischen

**Clem Eischen** (December 24, 1926 &ndash; December 7, 2020) was an American middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Eischen was born in Adams County, Nebraska.

Eischen died on December 7, 2020 in Oregon at the age of 93.

## References
Andrzej Tomaszewicz

**Andrzej Tomaszewicz** (11 March 1943 – 11 December 2020) was a Polish historian and politician. He was a member of the Polish Senate from 1989 to 1991. Tomaszewicz was born in Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland. He was a member of the Solidarity Citizens' Committee.

Tomaszewicz died on 11 December 2020 in Sieradz, Poland at the age of 77.

## References
Ron Lurie

**Ronald Philip Lurie** (January 23, 1941 – December 22, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He was the mayor of Las Vegas, Nevada from 1987 to 1991. Lurie was a member of the Democratic Party. Lurie was born in Los Angeles, California.

Lurie, who had blood cancer, died under hospice care in Las Vegas from COVID-19 on December 22, 2020 at the age of 79.

## References
Muhammad Mustafa Mero

**Muhammad Mustafa Mero** () (1941 – 22 December 2020) was a Syrian politician. He was Prime Minister of Syria from 7 March 2000 to 10 September 2003. Mero was a member of the Ba'ath Party. He was born in Al Tall, Syria.

Mero died in Al-Tall at age 79 on 22 December 2020, from COVID-19, during the pandemic in Syria.

## References
Özkan Sümer

**Özkan Sümer** (20 November 194022 December 2020) was a Turkish footballer and coach. He played as defender in Trabzonspor, Galatasaray SK, and the Turkey national football team. His playing career lasted from 1967 to 1970. His managing career lasted from 1978 to 2001. 

Sümer died on 22 December 2020 in Trabzon, Turkey at the age of 80.

## References
Anil Nedumangad

**Anil Nedumangad** (also known as **P. Anil**; 30 May 1972 – 25 December 2020) was an Indian actor and television news anchor. His career began in 2014. Nedumangad was born in Nedumangad, Kerala. He was known for his roles in *Ayyappanum Koshiyum*, *Kammatipaadam*, *Kismath*, *Paavada* and *Porinju Mariam Jose*.

Nedumangad drowned at a dam near Thodupuzha, Kerala on 25 December 2020 at the age of 48.

## References
Magnon

A **magnon** in physics is a quasiparticle with magnetic properties. It is not a  thing which exists on its own   in free space but exists only within the structure being studied  usually a crystalline solid.

Each atom in a solid has a magnetic field generated by its electrons as they spin. If these  spins all align then the solid becomes magnetic at the bulk everyday level. Usually they do not align and the magnetic field of individual atoms cancel each other out. 

Individual atoms can have their spin reversed by interaction with energy from elsewhere. A spin reversal itself  can influence the spin of the electrons in neighbouring atoms.  A wave of change in electron spins can then move through the electrons in the crystal lattice as it dissipates like waves on a pool of water.  Since the electrons are very small and governed by quantum mechanics, this wave, can be treated as though it is a number of particle like entities. These are magnetic quasi particles or magnons.
Tuck Tucker

**William Osborne "Tuck" Tucker III** (August 20, 1961 – December 22, 2020) was an American writer, artist, animator, songwriter, and director. He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia. He was known for having worked on *SpongeBob SquarePants*, *The Simpsons* and *Hey Arnold!*.

Tucker died in California on December 22, 2020 at the age of 59.

## References
Antonio Vacca

**Antonio Vacca** (8 August 1934 &ndash; 22 December 2020) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1957. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Alghero-Bosa, Italy, from 1994 to 2006.

Vacca died of throat cancer on 22 December 2020 at the age of 86.

## References
Mouloud Achour

**Mouloud Achour** (19 March 1944 – 24 December 2020) was an Algerian writer, professor, and journalist.

Achour was a member and then chairman of the executive council of the Public Establishment of Television. He also directed the cabinet for the Ministry of Communications. He was editorial director of Casbah Éditions in Algiers.

Achour died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 76.

## References
National Assembly (Mali)

The **National Assembly of Mali** is the unicameral country's legislative body of 147 voting members.

Members of the National Assembly, called deputies, are elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term.

## Related pages 
* Legislative branch

## References
Mohamad Aziz

**Mohamad bin Aziz** (29 July 1940 – 24 December 2020) was a Malaysian politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Sri Gading constituency in the state of Johor from 1999 to 2013. He was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) party. Aziz was born in Batu Pahat, Johor.

Aziz died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 80.

## References
Rosario Cordero

**Maria Rosario Cordero Martin** (13 August 1966 &ndash; 24 December 2020) was a Spanish politician. She was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Cordero was born in Cáceres, Spain. From 2015 until her death, she was President of the Province of Cáceres. From 2003 until her death, Cordero was Mayor of Romangordo.

Cordero died on 24 December 2020 in Romangordo, Spain from colorectal cancer, aged 54.

## References
Ivry Gitlis

**Ivry Gitlis** (;&lrm; 25 August 1922 – 24 December 2020) was an Israeli violinist. He performed with the world's top orchestras, including the London Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic, Berlin Philharmonic, Vienna Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, and Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. Gitlis was born in Haifa, Palestine Mandate.

Gitlis died on 24 December 2020 in Paris at the age of 98.

## References
Yehuda Henkin

Rabbi **Yehuda Herzl Henkin** (1945 – December 24, 2020) was an Israeli rabbi and modern orthodox posek. He was born in Jerusalem. Henkin was the founder and head of Nishmat, the Institute for Advanced Jewish Studies for Women.

Henkin died in Jerusalem on December 24, 2020 at the age of 75.

## References
Rika Zaraï

**Rika Zaraï** (; 19 February 1938 – 23 December 2020) was an Israeli singer-songwriter. She was best known for making classic Israeli songs popular in Europe such as *Hava Nagila*, *Yerushalayim shel zahav* and *Hallelujah*.

## Death
In June 2008, Zaraï suffered from a paralytic stroke. She died on 23 December 2020 in Paris, aged 82.

## Songs
**Chante Israël* (1962)
**Rika Zaraï* (1964)
**Un beau jour je partirai* (1967)
**Alors je chante* (1969)
**Moi le dimanche* (1971)
**Les Dessins animés* (1973)
*''Chansons d'Israël* (1973)
**Ma poupée de France* (1975)
**Dad li di'' (1979)
*Chante l'ami (1982)
*''L'Espoir* (1983)
**Sans rancune et sans regret* (1985)
**Story* (1988)
**Hava* (2000)
**Quand les hommes'' (2007)

## References
## Other websites
*
Greenfield, Missouri

**Greenfield** is a city in Dade County, Missouri, United States. 1,220 people lived here at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Dade County.

## References
Pir Noor Muhammad Shah Jeelani

**Pir Noor Muhammad Shah Jeelani** (; 15 September 1951 – 24 December 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 until his death. He was also a member of the assembly from June 2013 to May 2018. Jeelani was a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party.

Jeelani died in Karachi on 24 December 2020, at age 66, from COVID-19, during the pandemic in Pakistan.

## References
Irawaddy frog

The **Irawaddy frog** or **unknown copper-backed frog** (*"Hylarana" margariana*) is a frog from Myanmar.

Scientists are not sure which genus this frog should be in. That is why they write "Hylarana" in quotation marks instead of just *Hylarana margariana*.

## References
Benhur Salimbangon

**Benhur L. Salimbangon** (June 3, 1945 – December 24, 2020) was a Filipino politician. He was a member of KAMPI and the One Cebu party. Salimbangon was a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2007 until 2019. He was born in Cebu City.

Salimbangon died on 24 December 2020 in Cebu City from cancer, aged 75.

## References
Mojmir Sepe

**Mojmir Sepe** (11 July 1930 – 24 December 2020) was a Slovenian composer, conductor, arranger and trumpeter. His career began in 1950. Sepe was born in Jazbina, Črna na Koroškem, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He composed two Eurovision songs: "Brez besed" (1966) and "Pridi, dala ti bom cvet" (1970).

Sepe died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 90. 

## References
Felis attica

***Felis attica*** is a wild cat in the Felinae subfamily.  It is extinct.

Scientists say *Felis attica* lived about nine million years ago. It was about the size of a bobcat and looked a little like a lynx. It may have been the ancestor of the African wildcat and of domestic cats today.

## References
Guy N. Smith

**Guy Newman Smith** (21 November 1939 – 24 December 2020) was an English writer. He wrote pulp fiction-style horror. He also wrote non-fiction, softcore pornography, and children's literature. Smith was born in Hopwas, Staffordshire. He wrote the novel versions of many Disney animated movies.

Smith died on December 24, 2020 at the age of 81.

## References
Davie Sneddon

**David Sneddon** MBE (24 April 1936 – 24 December 2020) was a Scottish football player and manager. He managed Kilmarnock to their 1979 Tennent Caledonian Cup victory. Sneddon played once for the Scotland national under-23 football team in 1958.

He was awarded an MBE in 2014. 

Sneddon died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 84.

## References
Minoru Makihara

**Minoru Makihara **(January 12, 1930December 13, 2020) was a British-born Japanese business executive. He was the chief executive of the Mitsubishi Corporation from 1992 to 1998 and chairman from 1998 to 2004. He was born in London.

Makihara died on December 13, 2020 in Tokyo from heart failure at the age of 90.

## References
Rubén Tierrablanca Gonzalez

**Rubén Tierrablanca González** (24 August 1952 &ndash; 23 December 2020) was a Mexican-born Turkish Roman Catholic bishop. Tierrablanca González was born in Guanajuato, Mexico. He became a priest in 1978. He was titular bishop of *Tubernuca* and as Vicar Apostolic of Apostolic Vicariate of Istanbul and Apostolic Administrator of Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Istanbul, from 2016 until his death in office in 2020.

Tierrablanca Gonzalez died in Istanbul, Turkey at age 68, from COVID-19 in Istanbul, Turkey.

## References
John Cremona

**John Joseph Cremona** (January 6, 1918 – December 24, 2020) was a Maltese politician and lawyer. He was the Attorney General of Malta during independence talks in 1964. He helped write the Constitution of Malta. He was the chief justice of Malta from 1971 to 1981.

Cremona died at the age of 102 on December 24, 2020.

## References
Siv Widerberg

**Siv Widerberg** (12 June 1931 &ndash; 24 December 2020) was a Swedish writer and journalist. She received *doctor honoris causa* from the University of Umeå.  She was born in Bromma, Sweden. She was a member of the Swedish Academy for Children's Books. 

Widerberg died on 24 December 2020 in Stockholm, aged 89.

## References
Reginald Foster (Latinist)

**Reginald Thomas Foster**  (November 14, 1939 – December 25, 2020) was an American Catholic priest and friar of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. From 1970 until his retirement in 2009, he worked in the Latin Letters section of the Secretariat of State in the Vatican.

Foster died on December 25, 2020 at the age of 81.

## References
Dab (dance)

doing the dab]]
**Dabbing**, or the **dab**, is a simple dance move in which a person drops their head into their bent upwardly angled arm, while raising the opposite arm out straight in a parallel direction. 

Since 2015, dabbing has been used as a playful manner, becoming a youthful fad and Internet meme.

The move looks like someone sneezing into their elbow.

## References
Brian Binley

**Brian Arthur Roland Binley** (1 April 1942 – December 2020) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Northampton South from 2005 to 2015. Binley was born in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire.

Binley died in December 2020 at the age of 78.

## References
Milka Babović

**Milena "Milka" Babović** (27 October 1928 – 26 December 2020) was a Croatian sprint and hurdles runner and journalist. Babović was born in Skopje and grew up in Sarajevo, but moved to Ruma and Belgrade. She came in fifth place at the 1954 European Championships. 

She was a journalist for *Narodni sport*. She was a multiple-time president of the sport journalist section of the Croatian Journalist Association and was a member of the Yugoslav Olympic Committee.

Babović died of COVID-19 in Zagreb on 26 December 2020 at the age of 92.

## References
George Blake

**George Blake** ('** **Behar'''; 11 November 1922 – 26 December 2020) was a British spy. He worked as a double agent for the Soviet Union. He became a communist and decided to work for the KGB while he was a prisoner during the Korean War. 

His crimes as a double agent were discovered in 1961 and he was sentenced to 42 years in prison. He escaped from Wormwood Scrubs prison in 1966 and fled to the Soviet Union. 

Blake died on 26 December 2020, at the age of 98, in Moscow.

## References
Cambridge Five

, as depicted on a Soviet Union stamp]]

The **Cambridge Five** were a group of British intelligence agents who spied for the Soviet Union during and after World War II. It was active from the later 1930s until at least into the early 1950s. 

None were ever prosecuted for spying. The number of people in the ring became public slowly since the 1950s. Their most damaging action was when they gave information about the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union.
The sudden flight of Donald Maclean (cryptonym: Homer) and Guy Burgess (cryptonym: Hicks) to the Soviet Union in 1951 was the first public news. 

In 1961, defector Anatoliy Golitsyn provided information which pointed to Kim Philby. Philby (cryptonyms: Sonny, Stanley), fled the country in 1963. He spent the rest of his life in Moscow.

After Philby's flight, British intelligence got confessions from Anthony Blunt (cryptonyms: Tony, Johnson) and then John Cairncross (cryptonym: Liszt), who were the last two of a group of five. Their involvement was kept secret for many years: until 1979 for Blunt, and 1990 for Cairncross.  

The group became known as the **Cambridge Five**. All five spies met as students or teachers at Cambridge University.

## References
Chic McLelland

**Charles McLelland** (24 March 1953 – 26 December 2020), also known as **Chic McLelland**, was a Scottish football player and manager. He played for Aberdeen, Motherwell, Dundee and Montrose. His playing career lasted from 1973 to 1990. His managing career lasted from 1990 to 1991.

McLelland was born in Glasgow. He died on 26 December 2020 at the age of 63.

## Career statistics 
### Club 
### Appearances and goals by club, season and competition 
## Managerial record 
## References
Tito Rojas

**Julio César Rojas López** (June 14, 1955 – December 26, 2020) known as **Tito Rojas** a.k.a. **"El Gallo Salsero"** was a Puerto Rican salsa singer. He was born in Humacao, Puerto Rico. His career began in 1972. He was known for his albums: *Tres Mujeres* (1987), *Sensual* (1990), *Vida* (2010), *Independiente* (2011) and *El Viajero* (2014).

Rojas died on December 26, 2020, at the age of 65, after suffering a heart attack in Humacao.

## References
Nomvuzo Shabalala

**Nomvuzo Francisca Shabalala** (1960 &ndash; 26 December 2020) was a South African politician. She was a member of the African National Congress and the South African Communist Party. From 2011 to 2016 she was the deputy mayor of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. In 2018, Shabalala was elected a member of the National Assembly.

Shabalala died on 26 December 2020 at the age of 60. The cause of death was problems caused by COVID-19.

## References
Kadambur R. Janarthanan

**Kadambur R. Janarthanan** (22 October 1929 &ndash; 26 December 2020) was an Indian politician and trade unionist. He was born in Tamil Nadu, India. He was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1984. He left the parliament in 1996 only to serve again from 1998 to 1999.

Janarthanan died on 26 December 2020 at the age of 91.

## References
B. J. Marsh

**B.J. Marsh** (February 21, 1940 – December 24, 2020) was an American politician and businessman. He was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and 1988 to 1992. He was a member of the Republican Party. Marsh was born in Dade County, Missouri.

Marsh died on December 24, 2020 in Springfield, Missouri from problems caused by COVID-19. He was 80 years old.

## References
Ruma

**Ruma** () is a town and municipality in the Srem District of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011, 30,076 people lived there.

## References
More Cowbell

"**More Cowbell**" is a comedy sketch. It is a part of *Saturday Night Live*. It was first shown on television on April 8, 2000. The sketch is shown as a fake episode of *Behind the Music*. It is about the real band Blue Öyster Cult making a sound recording for the song "(Don't Fear) The Reaper". Will Ferrell is shown in the sketch as a man playing the cowbell. He plays the cowbell very loud and  the  of Blue Öyster Cult. Christopher Walken is in the sketch as a music producer that keeps asking for the cowbell to be louder.

Many people thought that it was one of the best sketches of Saturday Night Live. *Rolling Stone* named it the 9th best sketch of Saturday Night Live. "More Cowbell" became a  in popular culture.

## References
Anthony Blunt

**Anthony Frederick Blunt** (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), styled **Sir Anthony Blunt** KCVO from 1956 to 1979, was a British art historian and spy. In 1964, he confessed to having been a spy for the Soviet Union and was part of the spy group the Cambridge Five.

Blunt was the "fourth man" of the Cambridge Five, a group of Cambridge-educated spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. 

The height of his spying was during World War II, when he passed intelligence to the Soviet Union. His confession was a closely guarded secret for years. It was revealed by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in November 1979. He was stripped of his knighthood immediately.

Blunt was professor of art history at the University of London, director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, and Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures.

## References
Rastamouse

***Rastamouse*** (also known as '''Rastamouse's After School Club''' since series 4) is a British animated children's television programme on CBeebies. The programme ran from 31 January 2011 to 15 June 2015. The show was produced by Three Stones Media and The Rastamouse Company in association with Dinamo, Little Roots, DHX Media and Rainbow S.p.A. for CBeebies.

In 2021, for the show's 10th anniversary, the official Facebook account revealed that a movie is in development and will be made in collaboration with DreamWorks and Disney, with Reggie Yates, Sharon Duncan Brewster, William Vanderpuye, Cornell John and Lenny Henry reprising their roles from the TV series.

In May 2025, Riley Mitchell announced 4 Rastamouse video games. In that same month, he announced that a reboot will come to Disney+ in October 2026. However, as of January 2026, it is currently unknown if the video games will still be released but it is possible that they are cancelled.

On 9 December 2025, a reboot series titled 'Rastamouse's After School Club' was announced for a 2026 release, with Yates, Duncan-Brewster, Vanderpuye, John and Henry reprising their roles from the TV series.

On 22 January 2026, it was confirmed that the video games are still happening. The game will have five playable characters. The three starting characters are Rastamouse, Scratchy and Zooma. Additionally, Gladstone the Rhino and Skully the Lion are unlockable characters. The game will have three worlds, with two levels in each one.

On 9 February 2026, Rastamouse's After School Club released its first episode on CBeebies and BBC iPlayer.

In the opening credits of Rastamouse's After School Club, the Rainbow S.p.A. logo is misspelt 'Ranbow' and uses the name 'Rainbow S.r.l.' instead of 'S.p.A.'.

At the end of the first six episodes, a frog character called Julian Frogface (voiced by Lenny Henry) bursts through the Rainbow S.r.l. logo in the end credits to say his signature line: 'Howdy, y'all, I'm Julian the Eggplant, and I'm gonna be in Rastamouse's new movie!' He wears a teal marching uniform and a matching shako.

On 16 February 2026, Julian Frogface made his last appearance, saying his last line: 'It looks like there's no response available for this search. Try asking something else.'

On 17 February 2026, Julian was removed from the show in honour of Shrove Tuesday.

On 19 February 2026, Rastamouse and Scratchy got married. Julian Frogface was one of the many attendees at the wedding, along with Zooma as best man, Wensley Dale as the officiant, Da Likkle Orphans as flower children, Missy D, Mixie Mouse and Signora G as bridesmaids and Bagga T, Fatz and Bandulu as groomsmen. Other attendees included Gladstone the Rhino, Skully the Lion, Gladstone Brie, Super, Frank, Half Pint, Sasha and even Zick and Elena from Monster Allergy.

On 23 February 2026, whilst Julian was on his holiday to Africa, he was replaced with a platypus character called 'Marchy' (also voiced by Henry). He wears the same outfit as Julian. He shouts 'NEED A LOAN?!' at the end of every episode onwards.

On 13 April 2026, Julian Frogface will finally make his grand return.

## References
Latvian Americans

**Latvian Americans** are Americans who are of Latvian ancestry. According to the 2008 American Community Survey, there are 93,498 Americans of full or partial Latvian descent.
Turn

***Turn*** or '''''Turn: Washington's Spies'''* is an American television show. It is set during the American Revolutionary War.  It is about the spies and the beginning of espionage.  It was on television for four seasons.  It started in 2014.

## Development
*Turn* is based on the Culper Ring, real spies from the Revolutionary War.  The television show was based on the book *Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring'', by Alexander Rose.  The book is not fiction.  Rose is one of the show's producers and writers.

## Story
A cabbage farmer named Abraham Woodhull (Jaime Bell) and his friends become spies for George Washington (Ian  Kahn).  The story covers the British plan to use counterfeit money, the time Benedict Arnold changed sides, and the execution of John André.

## Setting
Much of the story takes place on Long Island in New York.  It also shows other parts of the American colonies, including Manhattan, Philadelphia, and West Point.

## Accuracy
According to Long Island historian Margo Arceri, the show is "about 70 percent inaccurate."

## Related pages
*Culper spy ring

## References
## Other websites
**Turn* on IMDB
Icelandic Americans

**Icelandic Americans** are Americans of Icelandic descent or Iceland-born people who reside in the United States. Icelandic immigrants came to the United States primarily in the period 1873–1905 and after World War II.

## References
Estonian Americans

**Estonian Americans** () are Americans who are of Estonian ancestry, mainly descendants of people who left Estonia before and especially during World War II. According to the 2013 American Community Survey, there were over 27,000 Americans of full or partial Estonian descent, up from 26,762 in 1990.

## References
Faroese Americans

**Faroese Americans** are Americans of Faroese descent or Faroe Islands-born people who reside in the United States. The Faroe Islands are a group of eighteen islands between Iceland and Norway, and they are a part of the Kingdom of Denmark. There are approximately 50,000 Faroese people living in the Faroe Islands today. It is not known how many Faroese Americans there are.

## References
Monacan Americans

**Monacan Americans** are Americans born in or with ancestry from the principality of Monaco. It can also refer to people born in the United States residing in Monaco.

## References
Kazakh Americans

**Kazakh Americans** are Americans of full or partial Kazakh ancestry. Although in the 1960s the population of Kazakh origin in United States was estimated in 3,000 people, the Census 2000 puts the population size in less of 300 people. According to the American Community Survey in 2010-2012 there were more than 23,000 people born in Kazakhstan, but not all of them are of Kazakh ethnicity.

## References
AKM Jahangir Hossain

**AKM Jahangir Hossain** (1954 &ndash; 24 December 2020) was a Bangladeshi Bangladesh Awami League politician. He was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from 1991 to 1995, 1996 to 2006 and from 2014 to 2018. From 1998 to 2001, he was Minister of Textiles and Jute.

Hossain died on 24 December 2020 at a Dhaka hospital from COVID-19 at the age of 66.

## References
Sorbian Americans

**Sorbian Americans** or **Wendish Americans** are Americans of Sorb/Wend descent. The largest community of Sorbs in the United States is in Texas, with a population of around 588 Sorbs/Wends.

## References
Leader of the Opposition (Scotland)

The **Leader of the Opposition** is an informal term given to the leader of the largest party not in government in the Scottish Parliament. Since 27 September 2024, this has been Russell Findlay of the Scottish Conservative Party.

## List of Leaders of the Opposition in the Scottish Parliament 
* Alex Salmond (Scottish National Party) - 12 May 1999 - 26 September 2000
* John Swinney (Scottish National Party) - 26 September 2000 - 3 September 2004 
* Nicola Sturgeon (Scottish National Party) - 3 September 2004 - 17 May 2007
* Jack McConnell (Scottish Labour Party) - 17 May 2007 - 15 August 2007
* Cathy Jamieson (Scottish Labour Party) - 15 August 2007 - 14 September 2007
* Wendy Alexander (Scottish Labour Party) - 14 September 2007 - 28 June 2008
* Cathy Jamieson (Scottish Labour Party) - 28 June 2008 - 14 September 2008
* Iain Gray (Scottish Labour Party) - 13 September 2008 - 17 December 2011
* Johann Lamont (Scottish Labour Party) - 17 December 2011 - 24 October 2014
* Jackie Baillie (Scottish Labour Party) - 24 October 2014 - 13 December 2014
* Kezia Dugdale (Scottish Labour Party) - 13 December 2014 - 13 June 2015
* Iain Gray – (Scottish Labour Party) – 13 June 2015 – 15 August 2015
* Kezia Dugdale (Scottish Labour Party) – 15 August 2015 – 6 May 2016
* Ruth Davidson (Scottish Conservative Party) – 6 May 2016 - 15 September 2018
* Jackson Carlaw (Scottish Conservative Party) – 15 September 2018 – 3 May 2019
* Ruth Davidson (Scottish Conservative Party) – 3 May 2019 – 29 August 2019
* Jackson Carlaw (Scottish Conservative Party) – 29 August 2019 – 30 July 2020
* Ruth Davidson (Scottish Conservative Party) – 11 August 2020 –  6 May 2021
* Douglas Ross (Scottish Conservative Party) – 6 May 2021 – 27 September 2024
* Russell Findlay (Scottish Conservative Party) – 27 September 2024 – present

## References