open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mohammad-Reza Rahchamani

**Mohammad-Reza Rahchamani** (&lrm;; 1 December 1952 – 9 March 2020) was an Iranian physician and reformist politician. From 1984 to 2000, he represented Sabzevar in the Iranian Parliament. During the early 2000s, he headed Iran's State Welfare Organization. Rahchamani was born in Sabzevar, Iran.

Rahchamani died as a result of the coronavirus on 9 March 2020 in Tehran, aged 67.

## References
Iraj Harirchi

**Iraj Harirchi Tabrizi** (; born 1966) is an Iranian politician and physician. He is the Deputy Minister of Health and Medical Education since February 2019.

During the coronavirus pandemic in Iran, on 25 February, Harirchi announced that he had been diagnosed with COVID-19, and had self-quarantined. At the press conference, Harirchi was coughing and sweating.

## References
Mehdi Karroubi

**Mehdi Karroubi** (, born 26 September 1937) is an Iranian Shia cleric and reformist politician. He led the National Trust Party. 

After the 2009–2010 Iranian election protests, Karroubi was put under house arrest in February 2011.

He was the speaker of the parliament from 1989 to 1992 and 2000 to 2004, and a presidential candidate in the 2005 and 2009 presidential elections.

## References
Ali Larijani

**Ali Larijani** (, ; 3 June 1958 &ndash; 17 March 2026) was an Iranian conservative politician, philosopher and military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. He was the Speaker of the Parliament of Iran from 2008 until 2020. He was the Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 5 August 2025 until his assassination on 17 March 2026.

## Death
On the night between 16–17 March 2026 during the Iran war, Larijani was the target of an Israeli airstrike. The government of Israel confirmed his assassination. A few hours later, Iran confirmed that Larijani was killed in the attack..

## Notes
## References
Ida Vitale

**Ida Vitale** (born November 2, 1923) is a Uruguayan writer, poet, translator and literary critic. In 2018, she was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize. Vitale fled to Mexico City in 1973 for political asylum after a military junta took power in Uruguay. She played an important role in the Uruguayan art movement known as the 'Generation of 45'. Vitale turned 100 in November 2023.

## References
José Manuel Caballero

**José Manuel Caballero Bonald** (November 11, 1926 &ndash; May 9, 2021) was a Spanish novelist, lecturer and poet. He was born in Jerez, Spain. Between 1944 and 1948, he began nautical studies in Cádiz, and he wrote his first poems.

Around 1954 he was Secretary and later as Deputy Editor of the *Papeles de Son Armadans* magazine.

## References
Juan Marsé

**Juan Marsé Carbó** (8 January 1933 &ndash; 18 July 2020) was a Spanish novelist, journalist and screenwriter. In 2008 he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize, "the Spanish-language equivalent" to the Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in Barcelona.

In 1974, he started a column in the magazine *Por Favor*. He wrote two novels about post-war Barcelona, *Un día volveré* (''One Day I'll Come Back*) and *Ronda del Guinardó*, followed by the collection of short stories, *Teniente Bravo*.

Marsé died at a hospital in Barcelona on 18 July 2020 from heart failure, aged 87.

## Works
**The Dark History of Cousin Montse* (Jordi Cadena, 1977)
**Girl with the Golden Panties* (Vicente Aranda, 1980)
**Last evening with Teresa* (Gonzalo Herralde, 1984)
**If you say that I fell* (Vicente Aranda, 1989)
**The Bilingual Lover* (Vicente Aranda, 1993)
**Domenica* (Wilma Labate, 2001) - adapted by Guinardó Round
**The Shanghai Spell* (Fernando Trueba, 2002)
**Lolita's Club'' (Vicente Aranda, 2007)

## References
## Other websites
*Official Site of Juan Marsé (in Spanish)
*Guided tour of locations featured in Marsé's novels
INSEAD

**INSEAD** (''Institut européen d'administration des affaires'') is an European higher studies establishment. The school is in 3 places, in Fontainebleau, France, in Abu Dhabi and in Singapore.

INSEAD is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management.

## References
## Further reading 
* INSEAD website
Brett Dean

**Brett Dean** (born 23 October 1961) is a contemporary Australian composer, violist and conductor. He was born in Brisbane, Queensland. In 1981 he was a prize winner in the ABC Symphony Australia Young Performers Awards. From 1985 to 1999, Dean was a violist in the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. Dean was Artistic Director of the Australian National Academy of Music in Melbourne until June 2010 when his brother, Paul, got the job.

On 5 March 2020, it was confirmed that Dean was hospitalized in Adelaide with the COVID-19 illness.

## References
## Other websites
* Australian Music Centre 
* Biography, Boosey & Hawkes
* Brett Dean's Homepage with his agency, Intermusica
* Complete live performance of Brett Dean's violin concerto *The Lost Art of Letter Writing* by Australian violinist Sophie Rowell with Adelaide Symphony Orchestra conducted by Arvo Volmer
List of speakers of the Parliament of Iran

This article lists the **speakers of the Parliament of Iran**, from the Persian Constitutional Revolution to present.

## List of speakers
## Speakers and deputies after the Revolution 
:*Source*:

### Aging speakers 
Traditionally, after a new term of the parliament is started and the new speaker is not elected yet, by default the eldest member of the parliament becomes the temporary speaker also known as the "Aging Speaker" (). The second-eldest member becomes his/her deputy. The two youngest members or Baby of the House take office as temporary secretaire.
:*Source*:

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the Parliament of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Houshang Zarif

**Houshang Zarif** (, also Romanized as "Hūshang Zarīf"; December 7, 1938 – March 7, 2020) was an Iranian tar and Persian classical music. He was born in Tehran. Zarif worked with the Fine Arts Administration Orchestra, conducted by Hossein Dehlavi in the 1950s and was the professor of tar at the National Conservatory for several years.

Zarif died in Tehran on 7 March 2020 of heart failure, aged 81.

## References
José Jiménez Lozano

**José Jiménez Lozano** (13 May 1930 &ndash; 9 March 2020) was a Spanish writer. In 2002 he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize. He was born in Langa, Ávila.

Jiménez Lozano died on 9 March 2020 at the age of 89.

## Works
* *Historia de un otoño* (novel) (1971)
* *El sambenito* (novel) (1972)
* *La salamandra* (novel) (1973)
* *El santo de mayo* (novel) (1976)
* *Guía espiritual de Castilla* (essays) (1984)
* *Avila* (essays) (1988)
* *El grano de maíz rojo* (novel) (1988)
* *El empleo* (novel) (1989)
* *El mudejarillo* (novel) (1992)
* *Tantas devastaciones* (poems) (1992)
* *La boda de Ángela* (novel) (1993)
* *Teorema de Pitágoras* (novel) (1995)
* *Un fulgor tan breve* (poems) (1995)
* *Las sandalias de plata* (novel) (1996)
* *El tiempo de Eurídice* (poems) (1996)
* *Los compañeros* (novel) (1997)

## References
Miguel de Cervantes Prize

The **Miguel de Cervantes Prize** () is awarded annually to honour the lifetime achievement of an outstanding writer in the Spanish language.  

## Laureates
The list of winners is available at the official ''Premio 'Miguel Cervantes''' website.

## References
Loren Allred

**Loren Allred** (born September 7, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Allred made her Billboard debut with "Never Enough" from the soundtrack to the musical *The Greatest Showman*. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Career 
### The Voice 
In 2012 Loren was a contestant on season 3 of the television show *The Voice* and selected Adam Levine as her coach. Allred was eliminated after the first week of the live playoffs, tying for 13th place.

She was cast as the singing voice of Rebecca Ferguson's Jenny Lind on the project *The Greatest Showman*. The movie's soundtrack was successful, going platinum and topping the Billboard albums chart in January 2018. The same month, Allred's featured song, "Never Enough," reached number 88 on the Hot 100.

## References
## Other websites
*
Koofur Orsi

The **South West State of Somalia** (, Maay Maay: *Koofur Orsi*), known locally as **Koofur Orsi**, is a state of Somalia. Officially it is called the Koofur Orsi or Konfuur Galbeed State of Somalia. Its capital is barawa. To the south of Koofur Orsi is Jubaland.

## Overview
The economy is centered around Barawa. The province covers about a sixth of Somalia in area. Koofur Orsis live in the most fertile land of the country.

## References
Lars Stindl

**Lars Edi Stindl** (born 26 August 1988) is German footballer. He plays as an attacking midfielder for Karlsruher SC and the Germany national team. He scored the only goal in the final of 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup against Chile. This meant that Germany won their first ever FIFA Confederations Cup.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
 *Germany score listed first, score column indicates score after each Stindl goal.*

## Honours
**Germany**
*FIFA Confederations Cup: 2017

**Individual**
*FIFA Confederations Cup Silver Boot: 2017
*Bundesliga Player of the Month: December 2020

## References
Barawa

**Barawa** (,  *Madīna Barāwa*), also known as **Barawe** and **Brava**, is the capital of the Koofur Orsi state of Somalia. The city is a port on the Somali Sea.

## References
The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening (2019 video game)

'''''The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening'''* is an action-adventure game for the Nintendo Switch. It was developed by Grezzo and published by Nintendo.

*Link's Awakening'' is a remake of the 1993 game for the Game Boy.

## Awards
## References
Conditional

**Conditional** may refer to:

* Conditional probability, the probability of some event given that another event happened
* Conditional proof, a proof method in logic
* Material conditional, a logical connective 
* Conditional (computer programming), a way of checking something in a computer program
Syleena Johnson

**Syleena Johnson** (born September 2, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter and actress.

Syleena's father was of blues and soul singer Syl Johnson.

## Albums 
* 2001: *Chapter 1: Love, Pain & Forgiveness*
* 2002: *Chapter 2: The Voice*
* 2005: *Chapter 3: The Flesh*
* 2008: *Chapter 4: Labor Pains*
* 2011: *Chapter 5: Underrated*
* 2014: *Chapter 6: Couples Therapy*
* 2017: *Rebirth of Soul*
* 2020: *Woman*

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Cookie dough

**Cookie dough** is a type of dough. It can be used to make cookies. Cookie dough may also be used to make cookie dough ice cream.

## History
Cookie's history dates back to 7th century Persia. They were the first started using sugar for cakes and pastries. In earlier times, it was used as a test cake to check oven's temperature. 

## References
Joan Margarit i Consarnau

**Joan Margarit i Consarnau** (; 11 May 1938 &ndash; 16 February 2021) was a Spanish poet, architect and retired professor. Most of his work is written in the Catalan language. He won the 2019 Miguel de Cervantes Prize.

In October 2008, Magrit received the Premio Nacional de Poesía for *Casa de Misericordia*.

He was also Professor of Structural Calculations at Barcelona's Technical School of Architecture in the Polytechnic University of Catalonia.

Margarit died of cancer in Sant Just Desvern, Spain on 16 February 2021, aged 82.

## References
Darmstadt-Dieburg

**Darmstadt-Dieburg** is a district in the south of Hesse, Germany.

The district is located in the Odenwald mountains. The Messel Pit, a UNESCO World Heritage Site is in the district. In it many fossils have been found.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Deggendorf (district)

**Deggendorf** (West Central Bavarian: *Landkroas Degndoaf*)  is a *Landkreis* (district) in Bavaria, Germany.

The Danube river runs through the district from west to east. The Isar river enters in the south and meets the Danube close to the town of Deggendorf. The Einödriegel (1,220 m) is the highest point within the district.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Dingolfing-Landau

**Dingolfing-Landau** (German: *Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau*, Bavarian: *Landkroas Dinglfing-Landau*) is a *Landkreis* (district) in Bavaria, Germany.

The most important rivers of the district are the Isar and the Vils.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Spermacoce verticillata

***Spermacoce verticillata***, also called the **shrubby false buttonweed**, is a type of plant that is from the family Rubiaceae. 

## References
Dithmarschen

**Dithmarschen** is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is located on the North Sea.

## Towns and municipalities
(Population on 30 September 2005)

## References
Schleswig-Flensburg

**Schleswig-Flensburg** is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Masoumeh Ebtekar

**Masoumeh Ebtekar** (; born **Masoumeh, Niloufar Ebtekar**; 21 September 1960) is an Iranian politician, journalist and scientist. She was born in Tehran. 

From 2007 to 2013, Ebtekar was a member of the Tehran City Council. She was Vice President of  Iran and Head of the Department of Environment from 1997 to 2005 and again from 2013 to 2017. In 2017, she became Vice President for Women and Family Affairs.  In 2006 Ebtekar received the UN Champion of the Earth Award. 

During the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Iran, Ebtekar had been diagnosed with COVID-19 in March.

Ebtekar is currently full Professor of Immunology at Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran. She also heads the non governmental  Center for Peace and Environment.

## References
Donnersbergkreis

The **Donnersbergkreis** is a district (*Kreis*) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. 

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Eichstätt (district)

**Eichstätt** (German: *Landkreis Eichstätt*, Bavarian: *Landkroas Eichstätt*) is a *Landkreis* (district) in Bavaria, Germany.

The district is located in the southern part of the Frankish Alb. 80% of the district is in the Altmühltal Nature Park.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Antonio Gamoneda

**Antonio Gamoneda Lobón** (born 30 May 1931) is a Spanish poet. He won the Miguel de Cervantes Prize in 2006.

In 1992, *Libro del frío* (*Book of the cold*) was published, making him one of the most important poets in Spanish.

In 2005, he was award the inaugural European Prize for Literature. In 2006, he was awarded the Reina Sofia Award, and the Cervantes Prize, the highest honor in Spanish literature.

## Other websites
* (cs) about Antonio Gamoneda
Enzkreis

**Enzkreis** is a *Landkreis* (district) in the northwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

The south of the Enz district covers the northern part of the Black Forest.

## Cities and towns
## References
Esslingen (district)

**Esslingen** (German: *Landkreis Esslingen*, Swabian: *Landgraes Esslenga* or *Essleng*) is a *Landkreis* (district) in the centre of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

The Neckar river flows through the district.

## Towns and villages
## References
Forchheim (district)

**Forchheim** is a *Landkreis* (district) in Bavaria, Germany. 

The Regnitz river runs from south to north through the district.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Erlangen-Höchstadt

**Erlangen-Höchstadt** (German: *Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt*, East Franconian: *Landgrais Erlang-Heegschdôdd*) is a *Landkreis* (district) in Bavaria, Germany. 

The main river is the Regnitz, which runs through the city of Erlangen.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Jan-Henrik Fredriksen

**Jan-Henrik Fredriksen** (2 October 1956 – 8 March 2020) was a Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Progress Party (FRP). He served as a representative of Finnmark in the Storting from 2005 to 2017.

Fredriksen was born in Kragerø, Telemark. He died on 8 March 2020, at the age of 63.

## References
## Other websites
*Jan-Henrik Fredriksen profile
Charles J. Urstadt

**Charles Jordan Urstadt** (October 27, 1928  – March 3, 2020) was an American real estate executive and investor. He was New York State housing commissioner and the first chairman of the Battery Park City Authority. He was a key figure in the construction of Battery Park City. He was also the reason why rent control was removed from New York City. Urstadt was born in Manhattan.

Urstadt died on March 3, 2020 at his home in Bronxville, New York of stroke-related problems, aged 91.

## References
Herzogtum Lauenburg

**Herzogtum Lauenburg** is the southernmost district of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

The Lauenburg Lakes Nature Park is in the district.

## Towns and municipalities
(Populations as of June 30, 2005 in brackets)

## References
Bitburg-Prüm

The **Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm** is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Towns and municipalities 
## References
Eastchester (town), New York

**Eastchester** is a town in southern Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 34,641 at the 2020 census.

## References
Mary-Dell Chilton

**Mary-Dell Chilton** (born February 2, 1939) is an American biologist, businesswoman, and inventor. She is one of the founders of modern plant biotechnology. Chilton was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. She taught and performed research at Washington University.

## Career 
Chilton is author of more than 100 scientific publications. She is a Distinguished Science Fellow at Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc. She began her corporate career in 1983 with CIBA-Geigy Corporation (a legacy company of Syngenta).

In June 2013, she was named a winner of the 2013 World Food Prize. In 2015, Chilton was elected to the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

## References
Marzia Kjellberg

**Marzia Kjellberg** ( **Bisognin**; born 21 October 1992) is an Italian Internet personality, fashion designer, and business person. She is known for her videos on her now-inactive YouTube channel.

She has been married to Swedish YouTuber Felix Kjellberg since 2019. 

## Notes
## References
Merion Station, Pennsylvania

**Merion Station** (also known as **Merion**) is an unincorporated community in Pennsylvania, United States, bordering Philadelphia to the city's west. It is one of the communities that make up the Philadelphia Main Line, and is part of the city of Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County. 

Merion Station is known for its grand mansions and for the wealth of its residents.

## References
Marc Van Montagu

**Marc Baron Van Montagu** (born 10 November 1933) is a Belgian molecular biologist. He was full professor and director of the Laboratory of Genetics at the faculty of Sciences at Ghent University (Belgium) and scientific director of the Genetics Department of the Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB). 

He founded the biotech company Plant Genetic Systems Inc. (Belgium) in 1982, of which he was Scientific Director and member of the board of Directors. Van Montagu was also involved in founding the biotech company CropDesign, of which he was a Board member from 1998 to 2004. 

He is president of the Public Research and Regulation Initiative (PRRI).

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

## Other websites
* http://ipbo.vib-ugent.be/about-us/team/marc-van-montagu Marc Van Montagu
* http://ipbo.vib-ugent.be International Plant Biotechnology Outreach (IPBO)

## References
Max Keith

**Max Keith** was a German businessman who invented Fanta during World War II in Germany.

## Discovery of Fanta 
When he was 30 years old, he worked at a German subsidiary of Coca-Cola in 1933. Sales of Coca-Cola in Germany rose from 100,000 cases in 1933 to over 4 million cases in 1939. Because of the Allied blockade, Coca-Cola GmbH was unable to get Coca-Cola syrup during World War II. The supply of regular Coca-Cola ran out in 1942. To keep the plant in operation, Keith developed a fruit flavored drink made from apple fiber, left over from cider pressings, and whey, a byproduct from cheese manufacture, creating Fanta.

Fanta sold three million cases in 1943, sustaining the firm's business in Germany. In 1945, at the last stages of the war, Keith was ordered by a German general to rename the subsidiary, but he refused. The general was killed in an air raid before any action was taken against Keith.

## References
Johnny Yune

**Johnny Yune** (October 22, 1936 – March 8, 2020) was a Korean-American actor, singer, and comedian. He played the lead in the 1980s movies *They Call Me Bruce?* and *They Still Call Me Bruce*. 

Yune became well known in the United States for his comedy performance on *The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson*. Yune stated that because actor Charlton Heston did not arrive on time, he was given over twenty minutes on the show to make a good impression. Carson liked Yune and had him on the show over 30 times.

## References
## Other websites
*
Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania

**Lower Merion Township** is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and part of the Philadelphia Main Line. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the township had a total population of 63,633. Lower Merion has the 5th highest per-capita income and the 12th highest median household income in the country with a population of 50,000 or more.

## References
Joseph Telushkin

**Joseph Telushkin** (born 1948) is an American Orthodox Jewish Rabbi.  

Telushkin went to the Soviet Union and repeatedly risked his own life to rescue Russian Jews from it and bring them to Israel.  Telushkin co-wrote a book about the questions people ask about Judaism with his friend Dennis Prager.  They also wrote a book about anti-Semitism and the reason for it.  

Telushkin also wrote a novel about a rabbi who has to solve a murder and a sequel to it. Telushkin also wrote a book called Jewish Literacy about everything that everyone should know about Judaism and another book called Biblical Literacy about everything that everyone should know about the Hebrew Bible.  Telushkin also wrote a biography of a Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson  

Telushkin made some videos for PragerU and was angry when *Newsweek* said that Dennis Prager had made fun of Anne Frank saying that all Prager had said was that he didn’t believe everyone was good at heart and that “Newsweek has hit a new low” in saying that that was making fun of her.

He has been on the *Newsweek* list of the 50 most influential rabbis in America since 1997.

## References
Jorge Edwards

. October 11, 2012]]
**Jorge Edwards Valdés** (Santiago, Chile, 29 June 1931-Madrid, 17 March 2023) was a Chilean novelist, journalist and diplomat. 

He was the Chilean ambassador to France during the first Sebastián Piñera presidency (2010-2014). In 2008 his novel *La Casa de Dostoievsky* won the prestigious Premio Iberoamericano Planeta-Casa de América de Narrativa, one of the richest literary prizes in the world, worth $200,000. In 1999, he was honored with the Miguel de Cervantes Prize.

During the presidency of Salvador Allende, Edwards reopened the Chilean embassy in Havana, Cuba, but only three months later, he was forced to leave the island. From this episode he wrote what is perhaps his most famous work, Persona non grata (1973), a memoir of his experiences as the Chilean ambassador to Cuba. Critical of the revolutionary socialist regime of Cuba's Fidel Castro, the book created controversy among Latin American writers.

## References
Bronxville, New York

**Bronxville** is a village in Westchester County, New York, located about  north of midtown Manhattan. It is part of the town of Eastchester. As of the 2020 U.S. census, Bronxville had a population of 6,656.

## References
Álvaro Mutis

**Álvaro Mutis Jaramillo** (August 25, 1923 &ndash; September 22, 2013) was a Colombian poet, novelist, and essayist. His best-known work is the novel sequence *The Adventures and Misadventures of Maqroll*. He was awarded the 2001 Miguel de Cervantes Prize and the 2002 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.

## References
Intracerebral hemorrhage

**Intracerebral hemorrhage** (**ICH**), also known as **cerebral bleed**, is a type of intracranial bleed that happens within the brain tissue or ventricles. 

Symptoms can include headache, one-sided weakness, vomiting, seizures, decreased level of consciousness, and neck stiffness. Often symptoms get worse over time. Fever is also common. In many cases bleeding is present in both the brain tissue and the ventricles.

Causes include brain trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and brain tumors.

## References
Mediodactylus aspratilis

***Mediodactylus aspratilis*** is a lizard species. It is in the family of Gekkonidae. It is also known as **Iranian gecko** or **Iranian keel-scaled gecko**, It is endemic to southwestern Iran.

## References
Jim McLay

**Sir James Kenneth McLay**  (born 21 February 1945) is a New Zealand politician. He was the Deputy Prime Minister from 15 March to 26 July 1984. McLay was also Leader of the National Party and Leader of the Opposition from 29 November 1984 to 26 March 1986. 

## References
Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand

The **Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand** () is the second-most senior minister in the Government of New Zealand, although this seniority does not necessarily translate into power. The office was created as a ministerial portfolio in 1954. The officeholder usually deputises for the prime minister at official functions. 

The current Deputy Prime Minister is David Seymour since 2025.

## List of deputy prime ministers of New Zealand
;Key

## Living former deputy prime ministers
As of , there are nine living former New Zealand deputy prime ministers, as seen below. The most recent Deputy Prime Minister to die was Michael Cullen (served 2002–2008), on 19 August 2021, aged 76.

File:Jim McLay (cropped).jpg|Sir Jim McLayserved 1984born 1945 (age )
File:SirGeoffreyPalmer.jpg|Sir Geoffrey Palmerserved 1984–1989born 1942 (age )
File:Helen Clark UNDP 2010.jpg|Helen Clarkserved 1989–1990born 1950 (age )
File:Don McKinnon (cropped).jpg|Sir Don McKinnonserved 1990–1996born 1939 (age )
File:Bill English July 2017.jpg|Sir Bill Englishserved 2008–2016born 1961 (age )
File:Paula Bennett in 2018.png|Paula Bennettserved 2016–2017born 1969 (age )
File:Hon Grant Robertson.jpg|Grant Robertsonserved 2020–2023born 1971 (age )
File:Carmel Sepuloni.jpg|Carmel Sepuloniserved 2023born 1977 (age )

## References
Paula Bennett

**Paula Lee Bennett** (born 9 April 1969) is a New Zealand politician. She is the Deputy Leader of the National Party and MP for Upper Harbour. She was the Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand between December 2016 and October 2017.

## References
Wyatt Creech

**Wyatt Beetham Creech**  (born 13 October 1946) is an American-born New Zealand politician. He was Deputy Prime Minister in Jenny Shipley's National Party government from August 1998 to December 1999.

In the 2003 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services as a Member of Parliament.

## References
Michael Cullen (politician)

**Sir Michael John Cullen**  (5 February 1945 &ndash; 19 August 2021) was a British-born New Zealand Labour politician and historian. He held key job positions during the Helen Clark cabinet such as Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2002 to 2008.

## Early life
Cullen was born in London. His family emigrated to New Zealand in 1955 where he was raised in Christchurch. He studied at the University of Canterbury and University of Edinburgh.

From 1971 to 1981 he was a lecturer at the University of Otago, with a term as a visiting fellow at the Australian National University from 1975 to 1976.

## Career
In 1981, he was elected to the New Zealand Parliament. 

He was Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2002 to 2008 during the Helen Clark cabinet. He was also Minister of Finance from 1999 to 2008 and Attorney-General in 2005 and again from 2006 to 2008. 

He was the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1996 until November 2008, when he resigned following a defeat in the general election. 

He resigned from Parliament in April 2009, to become the deputy chairman of New Zealand Post from 1 November 2009 and chairman from 1 November 2010. He left the position in 2016.

Cullen identifies as a social democrat.

## Personal life
In 1967, he married Rowena Joy Knight. They divorced in 1989. That same year, he married then-MP Anne Fraser. 

Cullen became a naturalized New Zealand citizen in 1975. In 2012, Cullen was appointed Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit.

In March 2020, Cullen was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer which had spread to his liver. He died from the disease on 19 August 2021 in Whakatāne, New Zealand at the age of 76.

## References
Henry Sewell

**Henry Sewell** (7 September 1807 – 14 May 1879) was a New Zealand politician. He is the first Premier of New Zealand. He later became Colonial Treasurer (1856–59), as Attorney-General (1861–62), and twice as Minister of Justice (1864–65, 1869–72).

## References
*
*
*
*
*
Robert Muldoon

**Sir Robert David Muldoon**  (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician. He was the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while Leader of the National Party.

## Other websites
* Think Big policy decisions 
* Archives New Zealand – Robert Muldoon Official Biography
Samantha Bee

**Samantha Anne Bee** (born October 25, 1969) is a Canadian-American comedian, writer, producer, political commentator, actress, and television host. Bee became famous on *The Daily Show with Jon Stewart*. She was a regular correspondent on the show longer than anyone else. In 2015, she left after 12 years to start her own show, *Full Frontal with Samantha Bee*.

Bee became a US citizen in 2014. She is still a Canadian citizen. In 2017, *Time* named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world on their annual *Time* 100 list.

## References
Michael Cullen

**Michael** or **Mick Cullen** may refer to:
* John Michael Cullen (1927–2001), alias Mike Cullen, Australian ornithologist
* Michael Cullen (actor), American actor
* Michael Cullen (politician) (born 1945), New Zealand politician
* Michael C. Cullen alias Mike Dred (born 1967), British DJ, music producer, and sound engineer
* Michael J. Cullen (1884–1936), inventor of the supermarket
* Mick Cullen (1931–2024), Scottish footballer
Mick Cullen

**Michael Joseph Cullen** (3 July 1931 &ndash; 3 September 2024) was a Scottish footballer. He played for Luton Town and Grimsby Town.

Cullen was born in Glasgow. At the age of 17, he signed for English Second Division side Luton Town in 1948. 

In 1956, he became the only Luton Town player ever to be capped by Scotland. He was sold to Grimsby Town in 1958, and after a successful career there he moved on to Derby County. 

He moved on to Wellington Town, where he played for the rest of his career.

Cullen died on 2 September 2024, at the age of 93.

## References
Pomona College

**Pomona College** ( ) is a private liberal arts college in Claremont, California. It was founded in 1887 by a group of Congregationalists who wanted to make a "college of the New England type" in Southern California. In the 1920s, it founded the Claremont Colleges group.

Pomona is a four-year college for undergraduates. About  students from all 50 U.S. states and 63 countries go there . The college offers 48 majors and 600 courses, but students can take about 2,700 courses total when the courses at the other Claremont Colleges are counted. The college's - main campus is in a residential area near the base of the San Gabriel Mountains.

Pomona has the lowest acceptance rate of any U.S. liberal arts college ( for the class of ) and is ranked among the top five liberal arts colleges in the country by *Forbes*, *U.S. News & World Report*, and *The Wall Street Journal*/*Times Higher Education*. It has an endowment of $&nbsp;billion , giving it the eighth-highest endowment per student of any college or university in the U.S. In 2020, *Niche* ranked Pomona as the most diverse college or university in the country; 74% of students are from outside of California, 56% receive need-based financial aid, and 61% are a person of color or an international student.

Pomona has about 25,000 living alumni. The college's alumni have won Oscar, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony awards. They have also become U.S. Senators, ambassadors, and other federal officials. Others have won Pulitzer Prizes, become billionaires, won a Nobel Prize, joined the National Academies, and competed in the Olympics. The college is a top contributor to the Fulbright Program and other fellowships.

## References
Amy McGrath

**Amy M. McGrath** (born June 3, 1975) is an American politician and former Marine fighter pilot. During her 20 years of service in the Marine Corps, McGrath flew 89 combat missions against al-Qaeda and the Taliban. 

McGrath was the first woman to fly a combat mission for the Marine Corps, as well as the first to pilot the F/A-18 on a combat mission.

Following her retirement from military service in 2017, McGrath entered politics. She was the Democratic nominee for Kentucky's 6th congressional district in the 2018 election, narrowly losing to incumbent Republican Andy Barr. 

In July 2019, she announced her campaign to run for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate in the 2020 election against incumbent Mitch McConnell. In June 2020, she won the Democratic nomination. However, she lost the general election to McConnell.

## References
Sara Gideon

**Sara Gideon** (born December 4, 1971) is an American politician. She has been the Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives since 2016. She is a member of the Democratic Party. 

She was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2020 U.S. Senate election against Republican incumbent Susan Collins.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*Twitter account
Nettie Stevens

**Nettie Maria Stevens** (July 7, 1861 – May 4, 1912) was an early American geneticist. She discovered sex chromosomes. 

Stevens saw two kinds of sperms in male mealworms. One had a large chromosome and one had a small chromosome. They were sex chromosomes, which later became known as the X and Y chromosomes.

Stevens eventually became fully qualified. She received a PhD in cytology, with Thomas Hunt Morgan as her advisor. She died from cancer. She had worked at Bryn Mawr College, Naples Zoological Station and the University of Würtzburg during her short career.

One paper, written in 1905, won Stevens an award of $1,000 for the best scientific paper written by a woman.  Her major sex determination work was published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the two part monograph, *Studies in Spermatogenesis*.

## References
Plaquemine, Louisiana

**Plaquemine** is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The population is 6,269 according to 2020 census. It is part of the greater Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## References 
## Other websites
Official website
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)

**Garmisch-Partenkirchen** (; ) is a *Landkreis* (district) in Bavaria, Germany.

The district is located in the Bavarian Alps and includes the highest mountain of Germany, the Zugspitze (2962 m). 

## Towns and municipalities
The district includes no towns. All places have the status of municipalities.

## References
Germersheim (district)

**Germersheim** is a district in the south-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. 

The Rhine river forms the eastern boundary of the district. The river Lauter forms most of the southern boundary.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Göppingen (district)

**Göppingen** (German: *Landkreis Göppingen*, Swabian: *Landgraes Gebbenga*, *Gebbeng*, or *Geppenge*) is a *Landkreis* (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. 

## Cities and municipalities
## References
Groß-Gerau (district)

**Groß-Gerau** is a Kreis (district) in the south of Hesse, Germany.

The river Main forms the northern boundary of the district, the river Rhine the western border.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Hanover Region

**Hanover Region** is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany.

## Towns and municipalities
### Towns
### Municipalities
## References
Jo Morrow

**Jo Morrow** (born November 1, 1939 as **Beverly Jo Morrow**) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Mary Lou in the 1959 movie *Gidget*.

## References
Burt Metcalfe

**Burt Metcalfe** (March 19, 1935 &ndash; July 27, 2022) was a Canadian-American producer, director, actor, and writer. He was born in Saskatchewan, Canada. He was known for his screenwriting for *M*A*S*H*, the television series. Metcalfe was nominated 13 times for Primetime Emmy Awards for his work as a writer on the series *M*A*S*H* from 1975 through 1983. An actor, he starred as Lord Byron in *Gidget* (1959). He also played in *Diamonds Are Forever* (1971).

Metcalfe died on July 27, 2022 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 87.
## Partial filmography
**The Bridges at Toko-Ri* (1954) – Military Police Sergeant (uncredited)
**The Space Children* (1958) – Guard (uncredited)
**Gidget* (1959) – Lord Byron
*''Don't Give Up the Ship* (1959) – Lt. Bond (uncredited)
**The Twilight Zone* (1960) – Don Martin (season 1 episode "The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street")
**The Canadians* (1961) – Constable Springer
**Diamonds Are Forever'' (1971) – Agent Maxwell (uncredited)

## References
William Benner Enright

**William Benner Enright** (July 12, 1925 – March 7, 2020) was a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. He was born in New York City. In 1972, he was nominated to the court by President Richard Nixon. 

Enright died on March 7, 2020 in San Diego, California, aged 94.

## References
Howard Markel

**Howard Markel** (born April 23, 1960) is an American physician, author, professor and a medical historian. Markel has written many books, such as *Quarantine!*, *When Germs Travel*, *The Kelloggs*, and others. He has given advice to governments about how to manage epidemics and diseases. In January 2020, he wrote an article for the New York Times criticizing the Chinese government's actions about the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.

## References
Jack Buechner

**John William "Jack" Buechner** (June 4, 1940 – March 10, 2020) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He was in the United States House of Representatives, representing Missouri's 2nd congressional district from 1987 to 1991. After serving in Congress, Buechner became president of the International Republican Institute and was an associate at Manatt, Phelps & Phillips.

From 2001 until his retirement in 2005, he was the President of the Presidential Classroom program. He was Senior Counsel to The Hawthorn Group in Alexandria, Virginia and was on the Advisory Board of Bloomberg Government. He was also a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.

Buechner was born in Kirkwood, Missouri. He studied at Benedictine College and Saint Louis University. Buechner died in Washington, D.C. of a heart attack on March 10, 2020 at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
Clayton, Missouri

**Clayton** is a city in and the county seat of St. Louis County, Missouri, United States, and borders the city of St. Louis. The population was 17,355 at the 2020 census.

## References
Alessandro Criscuolo

**Alessandro Criscuolo** (15 July 1937 – 10 March 2020) was an Italian judge. He was President of the Constitutional Court of Italy between 12 November 2014 and 24 February 2016. He was a Judge on the Court between 2008 and 2017. He was born in Naples, Italy.

Criscuolo died on 10 March 2020 at the age of 82.

## References
Rob Fenwick

**Sir Robert George Mappin Fenwick**  (5 May 1951 – 11 March 2020) was a New Zealand environmentalist, businessman and professional director. He was born in Auckland, New Zealand. Fenwick co-founded the organic composting service Living Earth Ltd, the NZ Natural bottled water brand and Te Matuku Oysters. He held a number of board and advisory panel positions.

Fenwick was appointed leader of the Progressive Green Party in 1996 and campaigned to create a Maritime Park in the Hauraki Gulf. In 1998, he was a founding member of the BlueGreens, an environmental policy group within the New Zealand National Party.

Fenwick was knighted in the 2016 Queen's Birthday Honours.

Fenwick died on 11 March 2020 of cancer in Waiheke Island, New Zealand at the age of 68.

## References
Haßberge (district)

**Haßberge** is a *Landkreis* (district) in Bavaria, Germany.

The district was made in 1972 by merging the districts of Haßfurt, Ebern and Hofheim.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
*Official website (German)
Heilbronn (district)

**Heilbronn** is a *Landkreis* (district) in the north of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

The Neckar river flows through the district from the south to the north.

## Towns and municipalities
Towns (*Städte*):

# Bad Friedrichshall
# Bad Rappenau
# Bad Wimpfen
# Beilstein
# Brackenheim
# Eppingen
# Güglingen
# Gundelsheim
# Lauffen
# Leingarten
# Löwenstein
# Möckmühl
# Neckarsulm
# Neudenau
# Neuenstadt am Kocher
# Schwaigern
# Weinsberg
# Widdern

Municipalities (*Gemeinden*):

#Abstatt
#Cleebronn
#Eberstadt
#Ellhofen
#Erlenbach
#Flein
#Gemmingen
#Hardthausen (Kocher)
#Ilsfeld
#Ittlingen
#Jagsthausen
#Kirchardt
#Langenbrettach
#Lehrensteinsfeld
#Massenbachhausen
#Neckarwestheim
#Nordheim
#Obersulm
#Oedheim
#Offenau
#Pfaffenhofen
#Roigheim
#Siegelsbach
#Talheim
#Untereisesheim
#Untergruppenbach
#Wüstenrot
#Zaberfeld

Municipal associations (*Vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaften* and *Gemeindeverwaltungsverbände*):

#Bad Friedrichshall
#Bad Rappenau
#Brackenheim
#Eppingen
#Flein-Talheim
#Lauffen
#Möckmühl
#Neckarsulm
#Neuenstadt
#Oberes Zabergäu
#Obersulm
#Schozach-Bottwartal
#Schwaigern
#Raum Weinsberg

## References
Heidekreis

**Heidekreis** (Low Saxon: *Landkreis Heidkreis*, German: *Landkreis Heidekreis*) is a district (*Landkreis*) in Lower Saxony, Germany.

## Towns and municipalities
## References
Taylor Momsen

**Taylor Michel Momsen** (born July 26, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, model, and former actress. She is known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series *Gossip Girl* (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film *How the Grinch Stole Christmas* (2000). After her retirement from acting, she became widely known for being the frontwoman of the American rock band The Pretty Reckless.

Momsen was signed with Ford Models at a very young age, she began acting professionally at three years of age in a 1997 national commercial for Shake 'n Bake. She was then cast in ''The Prophet's Game*.

She played the character of Jenny Humphrey in The CW television series *Gossip Girl'', based on the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar. Momsen's appearances on the series became increasingly sporadic, and, by the end of the first half of the fou

rth season, she had only appeared in four episodes. It was then announced that the actress would be scheduled for an indefinite hiatus from the show, which ended with her leaving the series as a regular cast member after the completion of the fourth season in 2011. On August 16, 2011, Momsen told *Elle* magazine that she had quit acting to focus on her music career. On October 16, 2012, it was reported that Momsen would be returning to *Gossip Girl* for its final episode, in which she appeared briefly in the wedding sequence.

In March 2009, Momsen's band The Pretty Reckless had signed a deal with Interscope Records. The band's debut album *Light Me Up* was released on August 30, 2010 in the UK, where it debuted at number 6, as well as at number 18 in Ireland. The first single "Make Me Wanna Die" was released on May 30, 2010, while the second single "Miss Nothing" which was released on August 23, 2010 peaked at number 39. "Just Tonight" was released as the album's third single. Songs from this album have been in the movie *Kick-Ass* as well as shows like *The Vampire Diaries* and *Gossip Girl*.

 in 2008]]
Eric Taylor (musician)

**Eric Taylor** (September 25, 1949 &ndash; March 9, 2020) was an American folk singer-songwriter and guitarist. Taylor was born in Atlanta, Georgia. Taylor's nine solo releases, his songs have been recorded by Nanci Griffith, Lyle Lovett, Peter Cooper and many others.

In 2009, Lovett released his second cover album, *Natural Forces*, and once again included a Taylor song. This time it was "Whooping Crane," from Taylor's 1995 self-titled album.

Taylor died in Austin, Texas of liver disease on March 9, 2020 at the age of 70.

## Discography
* *Through The Dark Nightly* (1976) - [Fair Retail Records, compilation with other Houston songwriters: Bill Cade, Stephen Jarrard, Lynn Langman, Don Sanders]
* *Shameless Love* (1981, Featherbed; reissued 2004, Blue Ruby Music)
* *Eric Taylor* (1995, Watermelon)
* *Resurrect* (1998, E1 Music)
* *Scuffletown* (2001, Eminent Records)
* *The Kerrville Tapes* (2003, Silverwolf)
* *The Great Divide* (2005, Blue Ruby Music)
* *Hollywood Pocketknife* (2007, Blue Ruby Music)
* *Live at the Red Shack* (2011, Blue Ruby Music)
* *Studio 10* (2013, Blue Ruby Music)

## References
Tenshinhan

**Tenshinhan**, also known as **Tien**, is a character from the manga *Dragon Ball*. He was enemies with Goku, but he later became a friendly rival. He was trained by the Crane Hermit. He is very good friends with Chaotsu, a small child that does not seemed to grow over the years, and someone who trained with Tien. Tien had a relationship with Launch, but it didn't work out and Launch was eventually forgotten in the Dragon Ball universe.
Quartic equation

In algebra, a **quartic equation** is a polynomial of the fourth degree. It is written in the form ax^4+bx^3+cx^2+dx+e.
Atlanta Student Movement

The **Atlanta Student Movement** was formed in February 1960 in Atlanta by students of the six colleges in the Atlanta University Center (AUC). The Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR) led the Atlanta Student Movement. It was part of the Civil Rights Movement. Its goal was to end segregation, the laws that separated African-American people from white people. In Atlanta, and other places in the United States, segregation gave African-American people fewer rights than white people.

## The Beginning of the Movement 
On February 3, 1960, Atlanta University Center (AUC) senior, Lonnie King, read about the sit-in at the Woolworth Store in downtown Greensboro, North Carolina. A sit-in is a kind of protest. People sit someplace and will not leave until they get what they want. The people sitting-in at the Woolworths store restaurant were African-American college students. They wanted to be able to eat at the store's restaurant along with white people. King also thought it was fair for African-American people in Atlanta to be able to eat at the same restaurants as white people. King talked to other students, Joseph Pierce and Julian Bond. They decided to organize a Student Movement in the four colleges at the Atlanta University Center. Their goal was to convince all restaurants in Atlanta to serve food to all people. The first sit-in did not have enough people. The students' universities called a meeting with the Atlanta University Center's college Presidents. Each president explained their opinion of the sit-in movement. The four presidents asked students not to have sit-ins. The presidents wanted lawyers to make changes by asking courts to force restaurants to change. They asked students to work hard on their school work. The presidents suggested the students write an advertisement for the newspapers about what they wanted restaurants to do. The presidents paid to put the advertisement in the newspaper. Seventy-seven students were arrested for sitting-in. The six students who signed "An Appeal for Human Rights" were also arrested. White adults and African-American adults were at the meeting. Those adults agreed to wait six months to end segregation in restaurants. The United States government said Atlanta needed to let African-American children go to the same schools as white children. The adults decided that restaurants could be segregated until after schools fixed their problem. In 1964 other restaurants ended segregation.

## References