October 25

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1147 &ndash; Portuguese forces under Afonso I of Portugal, and crusaders from England and Flanders, conquer Lisbon after a four–month siege.
* 1154 &ndash; Henry II of England becomes King.
* 1415 &ndash; The army of Henry V of England defeats a French army at the Battle of Agincourt.
* 1616 &ndash; Dirk Hartog makes the second–recorded European landing in Australia, on Dirk Hartog Island, off the west coast.
* 1671 &ndash; Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Saturn's moon Iapetus.
* 1722 &ndash; King Louis XV of France, aged 12, is crowned in Reims Cathedral.
* 1747 &ndash; A British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats  the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
* 1760 &ndash; George III of the United Kingdom becomes King, after the death of his grandfather, King George II of Great Britain.
* 1788 &ndash; The HMAV Bounty reaches Tahiti.
* 1812 &ndash; War of 1812: American frigate USS *United States*, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS *Macedonian*.
* 1822 &ndash; Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
* 1828 &ndash; The St. Catherine Docks open in London.
* 1854 &ndash; Crimean War: Battle of Balaklava, including the British Charge of the Light Brigade.
* 1861 &ndash; The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
* 1900 &ndash; The United Kingdom annexes Transvaal.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1917 &ndash; Julian calendar date of Russia's October Revolution. In the Gregorian calendar, the date was November 7.
* 1918 &ndash; Canadian steamship *Princess Sophia* hits a reef off Alaska and sinks, killing all 356 people on board.
* 1927 &ndash; Italian luxury steamship *Principessa Mafalda* hits a rock off Porto Seguro, Brazil, and sinks, killing 312 people.
* 1929 &ndash; Wall Street Crash: The severe losses of the previous day continue.
* 1940 &ndash; Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general of the United States Army.
* 1941 &ndash; World War II: The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Nazi–Hungarian control.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf occurs in the Philippines.
* 1945 &ndash; The Republic of China takes over Taiwan.
* 1955 &ndash; In Japan, 12–year–old Sadako Sasaki dies, as a result of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima 10 years earlier. Her origami cranes, folded after she became unwell, have become symbols of peace and opposition to nuclear weapons.
* 1962 &ndash; Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
* 1962 &ndash; Uganda joins the UN.
* 1971 &ndash; At the UN, the People's Republic of China joins, as the Republic of China is expelled.
* 1979 &ndash; Catalonia and the Basque Country gain some autonomy (self–rule) within Spain.
* 1979 &ndash; The last new episode of *Fawlty Towers* airs.
* 1983 &ndash; The US and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after its Prime Minister Maurice Bishop is killed in a coup.
* 1990 &ndash; Kazakhstan declares independence from the Soviet Union
* 1991 &ndash; Four months after the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
* 1995 &ndash; A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing 7 students.
* 1995 &ndash; Latvia applies to join the EU.
* 1997 &ndash; Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Microsoft releases Windows XP.
* 2004 &ndash; In Cuba, Fidel Castro announces that transactions in the country that involve the United States Dollar will be banned.
* 2007 &ndash; Singapore Airlines carry out the first passenger flight of an Airbus A380.
* 2009 &ndash; Bombings in Baghdad kill 155 people.
* 2010 &ndash; A magnitude 7.7 earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra causes tsunamis, which kill over 400 people, and leave many more missing.
* 2019 &ndash; The European Union agrees to extend the United Kingdom's Brexit deadline beyond October 31.
* 2019 &ndash; A beetle species discovered in 1965 is named after climate change activist Greta Thunberg, being given the name Nelloptodes gretae.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1330 &ndash; Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)
* 1510 &ndash; Renée of France (d. 1574)
* 1576 &ndash; Thomas Weelkes, English composer (d. 1623)
* 1683 &ndash; Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
* 1692 &ndash; Elizabeth Farnese, wife of King Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)
* 1714 &ndash; James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish scholar, philosopher and deist (d. 1799)
* 1754 &ndash; Richard Howell, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1802)
* 1759 &ndash; Maria Feodorovna, Russian Empress (d. 1828)
* 1759 &ndash; William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
* 1767 &ndash; Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
* 1782 &ndash; Levi Lincoln, Jr., 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
* 1789 &ndash; Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer and botanist (d. 1875)
* 1790 &ndash; Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor, creator of the Stirling engine (d. 1878)
* 1800 &ndash; Thomas Macaulay, British poet, historian and politician (d. 1859)
* 1802 &ndash; Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (d. 1864)
* 1806 &ndash; Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)
* 1811 &ndash; Evariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
* 1821 &ndash; Antonio Ciseri, Swiss–Italian writer (d. 1891)
* 1825 &ndash; Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)
* 1827 &ndash; Marcelin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (d. 1907)
* 1828 &ndash; Dragan Tsankov, Bulgarian political figure (d. 1911)
* 1835 &ndash; William McTaggart, Scottish painter (d. 1910)
* 1838 &ndash; Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
* 1856 &ndash; Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)
* 1864 &ndash; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
* 1864 &ndash; John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (d. 1920)
* 1867 &ndash; Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general (d.1937)
* 1868 &ndash; Dan Burke, American baseball player (d. 1933)
* 1868 &ndash; Oskar Kallas, Estonian diplomat, linguist and folklorist (d. 1946)
* 1877 &ndash; Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (d. 1957)
* 1879 &ndash; Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (d. 1924)
* 1881 &ndash; Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
* 1888 &ndash; Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)
* 1889 &ndash; Abel Gance, movie writer (d. 1981)
* 1889 &ndash; Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (d. 1985)
* 1891 &ndash; Father Coughlin, Roman Catholic priest and radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
* 1892 &ndash; Leo G. Carroll, actor (d. 1972)
* 1895 &ndash; Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
* 1900 &ndash; Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian social activist (d. 1978)

### 1901 &ndash; 1925 
* 1902 &ndash; Eddie Lang, American jazz musician (d. 1933)
* 1902 &ndash; Carlo Gnocchi, Italian priest, educator and writer (d. 1955)
* 1902 &ndash; Alfred E. Driscoll, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1975)
* 1903 &ndash; Katharine Byron, United States Congresswoman (d. 1976)
* 1905 &ndash; Bob McPhail, Scottish footballer (d. 2000)
* 1910 &ndash; William Higinbotham, American physicist (d. 1994)
* 1912 &ndash; Minnie Pearl, American comedian and singer (d. 1996)
* 1913 &ndash; Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (d. 1991)
* 1914 &ndash; John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)
* 1915 &ndash; Ivan M. Niven, Canadian mathematician (d. 1999)
* 1918 &ndash; Chubby Jackson, American jazz musician and bandleader (d. 2003)
* 1919 &ndash; Norman E. Erbe, Governor of Iowa (d. 2000)
* 1919 &ndash; Beate Uhser-Rotermund, German pilot and entrepreneur (d. 2001)
* 1921 &ndash; Michael I, former King of Romania (d. 2017)
* 1923 &ndash; Jean Duceppe, Quebec actor (d. 1990)
* 1923 &ndash; Bobby Thomson, Scottish–born American baseball player (d. 2010)
* 1923 &ndash; Achille Silvestrini, Italian cardinal (d. 2019)
* 1924 &ndash; Bill Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
* 1924 &ndash; Earl Palmer, American musician (d. 2008)
* 1925 &ndash; John J. Snyder, American Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2019)

### 1926 &ndash; 1950 
* 1926 &ndash; Jimmy Heath, American jazz saxophonist, composer and arranger
* 1926 &ndash; Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano (d. 2012)
* 1927 &ndash; Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, former President of Uruguay (d. 2016)
* 1927 &ndash; Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (d. 2017)
* 1927 &ndash; Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist (d. 1987)
* 1928 &ndash; Marion Ross, American actress
* 1928 &ndash; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist (d. 2016)
* 1928 &ndash; Jeanne Cooper, American actress (d. 2013)
* 1928 &ndash; Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
* 1929 &ndash; Peter Rühmkorf, German writer (d. 2008)
* 1931 &ndash; Annie Girardot, French actress (d. 2011)
* 1932 &ndash; Jerzy Pawlowski, Polish fencer and double agent (d. 2005)
* 1933 &ndash; Jack Haley Jr., movie producer and director (d. 2001)
* 1935 &ndash; Rusty Schweickart, American astronaut
* 1936 &ndash; Martin Gilbert, British historian (d. 2015)
* 1936 &ndash; Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress
* 1937 &ndash; Roberto Menescal, Brazilian musician
* 1938 &ndash; Basile Georges Casmoussa, Iraqi archbishop
* 1938 &ndash; Vija Celmins, Latvian–American artist
* 1939 &ndash; Robert Cogoi, Belgian singer
* 1939 &ndash; Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek movie director and writer (d. 2007)
* 1939 &ndash; Dave Simmonds, English motorcycle racer (d. 1972)
* 1940 &ndash; Bobby Knight, American basketball coach
* 1941 &ndash; Anne Tyler, novelist
* 1942 &ndash; Helen Reddy, Australian singer
* 1944 &ndash; Jon Anderson, singer (Yes)
* 1944 &ndash; James Carville, political operative
* 1944 &ndash; Donald Ford, Scottish footballer
* 1944 &ndash; Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician
* 1945 &ndash; Yuriy Mechkov, Russian politician (d. 2019)
* 1947 &ndash; Glenn Tipton, English guitarist (Judas Priest)
* 1948 &ndash; Dan Gable, wrestler and coach
* 1949 &ndash; Brian Kerwin, actor
* 1949 &ndash; Ross Bagdasarian Jr., American voice actor
* 1950 &ndash; David Kaye, former American rabbi and convicted sex offender

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Richard Lloyd, musician
* 1952 &ndash; Wendy Hall, English computer scientist, mathematician and academic
* 1954 &ndash; Mike Eruzione, American hockey player
* 1955 &ndash; Glynis Barber, English actress
* 1955 &ndash; Robin Eubanks, American jazz musician
* 1955 &ndash; Matthias Jabs, German guitarist
* 1957 &ndash; Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
* 1957 &ndash; Bernard Hogan-Howe, English police officer
* 1958 &ndash; Kornelia Ender, German swimmer
* 1958 &ndash; Phil Daniels, British actor
* 1959 &ndash; Chrissy Amphlett, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2013)
* 1961 &ndash; Chad Smith, American drummer (Red Hot Chilli Peppers)
* 1961 &ndash; Willie Walsh, Irish businessman
* 1962 &ndash; Nick Hancock, British TV presenter
* 1962 &ndash; Darlene Vogel, American actress
* 1963 &ndash; John Levén, Swedish bassist (Europe)
* 1963 &ndash; Tracy Nelson, actress
* 1964 &ndash; Nicole, German singer
* 1966 &ndash; Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1969 &ndash; Oleg Salenko, Ukrainian–Russian footballer
* 1970 &ndash; Ed Robertson, Canadian guitarist and singer (Barenaked Ladies)
* 1970 &ndash; Adam Goldberg, American actor
* 1970 &ndash; Adam Pascal, American actor
* 1971 &ndash; Pedro Martínez, Dominican baseball player
* 1971 &ndash; Midori, Japanese violinist
* 1972 &ndash; Esther Duflo, French–American economist
* 1972 &ndash; Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor, producer and screenwriter
* 1973 &ndash; Bettina Wulff, former First Lady of Germany
* 1975 &ndash; Zadie Smith, British novelist

### From 1976 
* 1977 &ndash; Birgit Prinz, German footballer
* 1977 &ndash; Anita Rani, English television presenter
* 1978 &ndash; An Jong-hak, Japanese–born North Korean footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Bobby Madden, Scottish football referee
* 1979 &ndash; Ivana Sert, Serbian–Turkish television personality, model and fashion designer
* 1979 &ndash; Rob Hulse, English footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Hiroshi Aoyama, Japanese motorcycle racer
* 1982 &ndash; Victoria Francés, Spanish artist
* 1984 &ndash; Sara Helena Lumholdt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)
* 1984 &ndash; Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
* 1984 &ndash; Katy Perry, American singer
* 1985 &ndash; Ciara Harris, American singer
* 1985 &ndash; Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer
* 1986 &ndash; DJ Webstar, American DJ and producer
* 1987 &ndash; Bill Amis, American basketball player
* 1987 &ndash; Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast
* 1987 &ndash; Darron Gibson, Irish footballer
* 1988 &ndash; Rylan Clark-Neal, English television personality
* 1995 &ndash; Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress
* 1997 &ndash; Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer
* 1997 &ndash; Michael Rice, English singer
* 2001 &ndash; Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant, next in–line to the throne of Belgium
* 2006 &ndash; Krista and Tatiana Hogan, Canadian craniopagus conjoined twins

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 304 &ndash; Pope Marcellinus
* 625 &ndash; Pope Boniface V
* 1047 &ndash; King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)
* 1154 &ndash; King Stephen of England (b. 1096)
* 1200 &ndash; Conrad of Wittelsbach, German archbishop
* 1400 &ndash; Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet (b. 1340)
* 1415 &ndash; Antoine, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
* 1415 &ndash; Frederick of Lorraine (b. 1371)
* 1478 &ndash; Catherine of Bosnia (b. 1425)
* 1495 &ndash; King John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
* 1514 &ndash; William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop (b. 1431)
* 1647 &ndash; Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
* 1733 &ndash; Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
* 1760 &ndash; King George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
* 1806 &ndash; Henry Knox, American general and politician (b. 1750)
* 1833 &ndash; Abbas Mirza of Persia (b. 1789)
* 1836 &ndash; Antonios Miaoulis, Greek politician and revolutionary leader (b. 1800)
* 1844 &ndash; Heinrich Cotta, German forester (b. 1763)
* 1906 &ndash; Todor Burmov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1834)
* 1920 &ndash; King Alexander I of Greece (b. 1893)
* 1921 &ndash; Bat Masterson, American journalist and lawman (b. 1853)
* 1926 &ndash; Charles Marion Russell, American artist and writer (b. 1864)
* 1945 &ndash; Robert Ley, German Nazi official (b. 1890)
* 1951 &ndash; Amélie of Orléans, last Queen of Portugal (b. 1865)
* 1955 &ndash; Sadako Sasaki, Japanese Hiroshima Atomic bomb victim (b. 1943)
* 1973 &ndash; Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian athlete (b. 1932)
* 1973 &ndash; Robert Scholl, German politician (b. 1891)
* 1973 &ndash; Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
* 1992 &ndash; Roger Miller, American musician and composer (b. 1936)
* 1993 &ndash; Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
* 1994 &ndash; Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
* 1995 &ndash; Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (b. 1920)
* 1995 &ndash; Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
* 1999 &ndash; Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, Empress of Iran (b. 1932)
* 2002 &ndash; Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)
* 2002 &ndash; René Thom, French mathematician (b. 1923)
* 2003 &ndash; Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher and spiritual figure (b. 1920)
* 2003 &ndash; Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross–country skier (b. 1925)
* 2004 &ndash; John Peel, British disc jockey (b. 1939)
* 2009 &ndash; Camillo Cibin, Italian papal bodyguard (b. 1926)
* 2010 &ndash; Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican musician (b. 1951)
* 2011 &ndash; Tom McNeeley, American boxer (b. 1937)
* 2012 &ndash; John Connelly, English footballer (b. 1938)
* 2012 &ndash; Jacques Barzun, French–born American historian and philosopher (b. 1907)
* 2013 &ndash; Arthur Danto, American philosopher and art critic (b. 1924)
* 2013 &ndash; Nigel Davenport, British actor (b. 1928)
* 2013 &ndash; Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
* 2013 &ndash; Hal Needham, American stuntman and director (b. 1931)
* 2013 &ndash; Marcia Wallace, American actress (b. 1942)
* 2014 &ndash; Marcia Strassman, American actress (b. 1948)
* 2014 &ndash; Reyhaneh Jabbari, Iranian woman convicted of murder (b. 1988)
* 2014 &ndash; Jack Bruce, Scottish musician (b. 1943)
* 2014 &ndash; Carlos Morales Troncoso, Vice President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1940)
* 2015 &ndash; Flip Saunders, American basketball coach (b. 1955)
* 2015 &ndash; Lisa Jardine, English historian (b. 1944)
* 2016 &ndash; Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer (b. 1944)
* 2017 &ndash; Mohamed Abshir Muse, Somali military officer (b. 1926)
* 2017 &ndash; Jack Bannon, American actor (b. 1940)
* 2017 &ndash; Ronald Breslow, American chemist (b. 1931)
* 2017 &ndash; Ian Cathie, Australian politician (b. 1932)
* 2017 &ndash; Lu Guanqiu, Chinese entrepreneur (b. 1945)
* 2017 &ndash; Pinito del Oro, Spanish trapeze artist and novelist (b. 1930)
* 2018 &ndash; Sara Anzanello, Italian volleyball player (b. 1980)
* 2018 &ndash; Lindon Crow, American football player (b. 1933)
* 2018 &ndash; Sonny Fortune, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1939)
* 2018 &ndash; Thomas Keating, American Trappist monk and author (b. 1923)
* 2018 &ndash; Michael J. O'Connor, American politician (b. 1928)
* 2018 &ndash; Shivinder Singh Sidhu, Indian politician, Governor of Meghalaya and Goa (b. 1929)
* 2018 &ndash; John Ziegler Jr., American ice hockey player (b. 1934)
* 2019 &ndash; Salvador Freixedo, Spanish ufologist and Jesuit priest (b. 1923)
* 2019 &ndash; Carlo Strenger, Swiss–Italian psychologist and philosopher (b. 1958)
* 2019 &ndash; Don Valentine, American venture capitalist (b. 1932)

## Observances 
* Constitution Day (Lithuania)
* Armed Forces Day (Romania)
* Day of the Basque Country
* Republic Day (Kazakhstan)
* Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)