Boyacá

**Boyacá** is one of the 32 departments of Colombia. It is in the central northeastern part of the country, almost entirely within the mountains of the Eastern Cordillera to the border with Venezuela, although the western end of the department extends to the Magdalena River. Its capital is Tunja.

Boyacá is known as "The Land of Freedom" because in this region there were several battles that resulted in the independence of Colombia from Spain.

## History
The territory of present-day Boyacá was inhabited, during the Pre-Columbian time, by *Muisca* indigenous peoples. They lived mainly by agriculture and mining gold and emeralds.

The first European to discover the area was the Spaniard Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. In 1539, Gonzalo Suárez Rendón, a Spanish colonist, founded the city of Tunja and other places. Tunja became one of the main political and economic centers for the Spanish during the "Viceroyalty of New Granada".

During the 19th century Boyaca was battleground of several important battles during the war of Independence; two of the most important were the "Battle of the Pantano de Vargas" (Vargas Swamp Battle) on 25 July 1819, and the "Battle of Boyacá" on 7 August 1819.

## Geography
The Boyacá department is in the Andean region over the mountains of the Eastern Cordillera (the eastern section of the Andes in Colombia). It borders 8 departments: Santander and Norte de Santander to the north, Arauca and Casanare to the east, Cundinamarca and Meta to the south, and Caldas and Antioquia to the west. It also borders with Venezuela.

Many rivers start in this area; the most important are the Chicamocha and Arauca rivers, tributaries to other important rivers such as the Magdalena and Meta rivers.

Boyacá also has numerous lakes; the largest, and the largest in Colombia, is the Lake Tota with an area of .

### Climate
The area around Tunja, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature  and ample precipitation in all months. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Tunja is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "**Cfb**".

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Tunja is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of . There is an average of 179.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in May with 19.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in January with 6.0 days.

The average temperature for the year in Tunja is . The warmest month, on average, is March with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

## Provinces and Municipalities
There are 13 provinces and two special districts in the Boyacá Department, listed below with their 123 municipalities. The provincial capitals are in **bold**.

Centro
# Cómbita
# Cucaita
# Chíquiza
# Chivatá
# Motavita
# Oicatá
# Siachoque
# Samacá
# Sora
# Soracá
# Sotaquirá
# Toca
# **Tunja**
# Tuta
# Ventaquemada

Gutiérrez
# Chiscas
# **El Cocuy**
# El Espino
# Guacamayas
# Güicán
# Panqueba

La Libertad
# **Labranzagrande**
# Pajarito
# Paya
# Pisba

Lengupá
# Berbeo
# Campohermoso
# **Miraflores**
# Páez
# San Eduardo
# Zetaquirá

Occidente
# Briceño
# Buenavista
# Caldas
# **Chiquinquirá**
# Coper
# La Victoria
# Maripí
# Muzo
# Otanche
# Pauna
# Quipama
# Saboyá
# San Miguel de Sema
# San Pablo de Borbur
# Tununguá

Márquez
# Boyacá
# Ciénaga
# Jenesano
# Nuevo Colón
# **Ramiriquí**
# Rondón
# Tibaná
# Turmequé
# Úmbita
# Viracachá

Neira
# Chinavita
# **Garagoa**
# Macanal
# Pachavita
# San Luis de Gaceno
# Santa María

Norte
# Boavita
# Covarachía
# La Uvita
# San Mateo
# Sativanorte
# Sativasur
# **Soatá**
# Susacón
# Tipacoque

Oriente
# Almeida
# Chivor
# **Guateque**
# Guayatá
# La Capilla
# Somondoco
# Sutatenza
# Tenza

Ricaurte
# Arcabuco
# Chitaraque
# Gachantivá
# **Moniquirá**
# Ráquira
# Sáchica
# San José de Pare
# Santa Sofía
# Santana
# Sutamarchán
# Tinjacá
# Togüí
# Villa de Leyva

Sugamuxi
# Aquitania
# Cuítiva
# Firavitoba
# Gámeza
# Iza
# Mongua
# Monguí
# Nobsa
# Pesca
# **Sogamoso**
# Tibasosa
# Tópaga
# Tota

Tundama
# Belén
# Busbanzá
# Cerinza
# Corrales
# **Duitama**
# Floresta
# Paipa
# Santa Rosa de Viterbo
# Tutasá, Boyacá

Valderrama
# Betéitiva
# Chita
# Jericó
# Paz de Río
# Socotá
# **Socha**
# Tasco

Distrito Fronterizo
# Cubará

Special Handling Zone
# Puerto Boyacá

## Demographics
The inhabitants of the Boyacá department are known, in Spanish, as *Boyacense*.

Boyacá had a population, in 2005, of 1,255,311,

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The 10 municipalities with more inhabitants in the Boyacá department are:

## Economy
Farming is an important activity; some crops grown here are sugarcane, coffee and cacao. Cattle raising is also important.

Mining is also an important activity, mainly of emerald and coal.

## Places of interest
Some places of interest in the department are:
* **Monument to the Lancers** () a memorial for Vargas Swamp Battle.  It is the largest monument in Colombia.
* **Villa de Leyva** is a touristic colonial town and municipality. The town is at  west of the departmental capital Tunja.
* **Battleground of the Battle of Boyacá**, to the south of Tunja.
* **Puente de Boyacá** (in English: **The Bridge of Boyacá**) is a small bridge at  to the west of Tunja. It commemorates the historic battle of 7 August 1819 known as the Battle of Boyacá.
* **Lake Tota**, the largest lake of fresh water of the country.
* **Basílica of Our Lady of the Rosary** in Chiquinquirá. Our Lady of the Rosary is the patron saint of Colombia.

## Gallery

File:Sierra Nevada del Cocuy Ritacuba Blanco 23.01.2009.jpg|The Ritacuba Blanco mountain
File:Monumento pantano de vargas, completo. 2006.JPG|Monument to the Lancers
File:Zona Turistica.JPG|A street in Villa de Leyva
File:Tota Lake 8.JPG|Lake Tota
File:Chiquinquira 8.jpg|Our Lady of the Rosary Basilica, Chiquinquirá
File:Duitama Centro 01.JPG|Duitama downtown
File:Tunja Nocturna.JPG|Tunja historical centre by night
File:Puente Boyaca Nov 09 2005.jpg|Bridge of Boyacá

## References