open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ascot, Berkshire

**Ascot** is a large village in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire. It is most famous as the location of Ascot Racecourse, which hosts the Royal Ascot meeting. Ascot Racecourse was founded in 1711 by Queen Anne, with the first race, ‘Her Majesty’s Plate’ running in August of that year.

The name Ascot is Anglo-Saxon and derives from East-Cote meaning the Eastern Cottage, probably a reference to being east of the royal estate at Easthampstead**.** Ascot has always been the western portion of Sunninghill parish (now called Sunninghill and Ascot) and, for most of its history, largely consisted of dangerous heathland frequented by highwaymen.

Ascot has 20% more Higher and Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional households than the national average. Ascot has a higher rate of home ownership, either outright or via a mortgage than the national average, which suggests that Ascot is a relatively affluent area. The population of Ascot as a whole, is older than the national average. The population of Ascot is also older than the average, making Ascot an older persons location.

## References
Lewis Stone

**Lewis Shepard Stone** (November 15, 1879 &ndash; September 12, 1953) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Judge James Hardy in fifteen movies of the *Andy Hardy* movie series. The first movie was ''You're Only Young Once* (1937).

Stone was born on November 15, 1879 in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was married to Florence Oakley until they divorced. They had two children. Then he was married to Margaret Langham from 1907 until her death. Then he was married to Hazel Elizabeth Wolf from 1930 until his death in 1953. 

Stone died in Hancock Park, Los Angeles, California on September 12, 1953. He was chasing away some neighborhood children after they attacked his house. His wife Hazel tried to stop Stone from running. Stone managed to run until he suffered a fatal heart attack. He was 73 years old.

## Other websites
*
*
*Lewis Stone at *The New York Times Movies''
*Lewis Stone at The International Silent Movie
*Photographs of Lewis Stone
*
The Kennedys (miniseries)

**The Kennedys** was an American-Canadian 2011 Emmy Award-winning miniseries.

## About
''The Kennedy's'' was about the political career and the personal life of John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.. The show was about how Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. made John F. Kennedy win his election for President.

As the show continued, they show the difficulties of Kennedy's presidency, Joseph's stroke and rough relationship with Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and the assassination of both John and Robert Kennedy. The show also featured John's relationship with his wife Jacqueline Kennedy.

## Cast
*Greg Kinnear as John F. Kennedy
*Katie Holmes as Jacqueline Kennedy
*Barry Pepper as Robert F. Kennedy
*Tom Wilkinson as Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
*Diana Hardcastle as Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy
*Chris Diamantopoulos as Frank Sinatra
*Charlotte Sullivan as Marilyn Monroe
*Kristin Booth as Ethel Kennedy
*Serge Houde as Sam Giancana
*Enrico Colantoni as J. Edgar Hoover
*Don Allison as Lyndon B. Johnson
*Rothaford Gray as Abraham Bolden
*Gabriel Hogan as Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr.

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
* 
*  at History Television
*  at History UK
*  at ReelzChannel
Wrigley Building

**The Wrigley Building** (400-410 North Michigan Avenue, Near North Side, Chicago, Illinois) is a skyscraper in Chicago. It is directly across Michigan Avenue from the Tribune Tower on the Magnificent Mile. 

It was built to hold the corporate headquarters of the Wrigley Company. Construction began for the building in 1920. The building was Chicago's first air-conditioned office building.

The Wrigley Building was sold in 2011 to a group of investors that includes Zeller Realty Group and Groupon co-founders Eric Lefkofsky and Brad Keywell.

## References
## Other websites
*History of the Wrigley Building from company website
*projectchicago.org entry: Wrigley Building
Gregory Smits

**Gregory James Smits** (born 1960) is an American historian, academic, writer and Japan studies expert.  He is a professor of Japanese history at Pennsylvania State University.

## Early life
Smits was born 1960 in Columbia, Missouri.  He was earned an undergraduate degree at the University of Florida in 1983.  He was awarded a Master's degree at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.  He was granted a Ph.D. at the University of Southern California.

* ''The sages' scale in Japan: Nakae Tōju (1608-1648) and situational weighing,* 1991
* *Visions of Ryukyu identity and ideology in early-modern thought and politics,* 1999
* *Jahana Noboru: Ikinawan activist and scholar,* 2002 
* *The politics of culture in early twentieth century Okinawa,* 2006
* *Economic thought in early modern Japan,'' 2010

## References
## Other websites 
* Smits faculty website
Conrad Totman

**Conrad Davis Totman** (born January 5, 1934) is an American historian, academic, writer, translator and Japan studies expert.  Totman is a retired professor at Yale University.

## Early life
Totman was born in Conway, Massachusetts.  He studied at the University of Massachusetts.  He was granted a Ph.D. in Asian history at Harvard University in 1964.

* *Politics in the Tokugawa bakufu, 1600-1843,* 1967
* *The collapse of the Tokugawa bakufu, 1862-1868,* 1980 
* *Japan before Perry: a short history,* 1981 
* *Tokugawa Ieyasu, shogun: a biography,* 1983 
* ''The origins of Japan's modern forests: the case of Akita,* 1985 
* *The green archipelago: forestry in preindustrial Japan,* 1989 
* *Tokugawa Japan: the social and economic antecedents of modern Japan,* 1990
* *Early Modern Japan,* 1993 
* *The lumber industry in early modern Japan,* 1995 
* *A History of Japan,* 2000 
* *Pre-industrial Korea and Japan in environmental perspective,* 2004 
* *Japan's imperial forest, Goryorin, 1889-1945: with a supporting study of the Kan/Min division of woodland in early Meiji Japan, 1871-76,'' 2007

## References
## Other websites 
* Yale faculty website
Drama Desk Awards

The **Drama Desk Awards** are theatre awards. They are given every year in a number of categories. They are the only major New York theatre honors in which productions on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Off-Off-Broadway compete against each other in the same category. Presented since 1955, they are thought as one of the most important American theatre awards along with the Tony Award. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Revelstoke, British Columbia

**Revelstoke** is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Revelstoke is in southeastern in British Columbia and is 641 kilometers (398 mi) east of Vancouver. 

The population of Revelstoke was 8,275 in 2021. The mayor of Revelstoke is Gary Sulz.

The Canadian Pacific Railway opened in the 1880s and ran through Revelstoke. The city was originally named **Farwell** after one of the local land owner and surveyors. It was then renamed Revelstoke after Lord Revelstoke, head of Baring Brothers & Co. The city of Revelstoke holds the Canadian record for snowiest single winter when 2447 cm (80 feet) of snow fell on Mt.Copeland outside town during winter of 1971-72.

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website
Ronald Toby

**Ronald P. Toby** (1942 &mdash;   )  is an American historian, academic, writer and Japan studies expert.

## Early life
Toby earned a doctorate in Japanese history from Columbia University in 1977.

## Career
Toby has been a history professor at the University of California at Berkeley, Keio University and the University of Tokyo.

## Select works
In an overview of writings by and about Toby, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 18 works in 30+ publications in 3 languages and 790+ library holdings.

* ''Korean-Japanese Diplomacy in 1711: Sukchong's Court and the Shogun's Title,* 1974
* *The Early Tokugawa Bakufu and Seventeenth Century Japanese Relations with East Asia,* 1977
* *State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu,* 1983
* *Emergence of Economic Society in Japan, 1600-1870,'' 2004, with Hayami Akira and Osamu Saitō

## Notes
Clive Revill

**Clive Selsby Revill** (18 April 1930 – 11 March 2025) was a New Zealand actor who was best known for his roles in *Avanti!*, *A Fine Madness*, *The Assassination Bureau*, and in *The Pickwick Papers*. He also voiced Alfred Pennyworth in *Batman: The Animated Series* and Emperor Palpatine in the original release of *Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back*. He was nominated for an Golden Globe Award for his role in *Avanti!*.

Revill was born in Wellington, New Zealand to British parents. He was raised in London, England. He was married to Valerie Nelson from 1970 until they divorced in 1977. Then he was married to Suzi Schor from 1978 until they divorced in 1988. They had one daughter, Kate Selsby.

Revill died from problems caused by dementia at a nursing home in Sherman Oaks, California on 11 March 2025, at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Clive Revill at Film Reference
Kindergarten Cop

***Kindergarten Cop*** is a 1990 American action comedy movie directed by Ivan Reitman. It is about two undercover cops from Los Angeles pretending to be teachers at an elementary school in Astoria, Oregon to find the ex-wife of a drug dealer, who wants to kidnap their son. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Penelope Ann Miller, Pamela Reed, Richard Tyson, Carroll Baker, and Linda Hunt are in the cast. The movie was released in December 1990. It received mixed reviews by critics.  However, the movie earned over $200 million at the box office, making the movie very successful.

## References
Division of Bendigo

The **Division of Bendigo** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division was created in 1900 first federal election in 1901. It is named for the city of Bendigo. In the early years was covered only Bendigo, but on later boundaries the seat has included towns such as Echuca, Castlemaine, Maryborough and Seymour. It now includes Bendigo, Castlemaine, Kyneton and Maldon. 

## Members
Bendigo has often been held by both the Australian Labor Party and the conservative parties. Bendigo has had 15 members, the second-highest number (with Denison) of any federal electorate. Famous members have been its first member, Sir John Quick, who was a leading federalist, and Prime Minister Billy Hughes. Hughes, who came from Sydney, represented Bendigo for two terms at a time when the federal Parliament met in Melbourne. John Brumby, who held the seat from 1983 to 1990, later became Premier of Victoria.

## Election results
## References
*Division of Bendigo – Australian Electoral Commission

## Other websites
* Lisa Chesters' website
T.O.P

**T.O.P.** or **Choi Seung-hyun** (born November 4, 1987) is a South Korean entertainer. He is a rapper, singer-songwriter, music producer, actor and model. He was born on November 4, 1987. He is the oldest member of BigBang.

## Other websites
Joel Osteen

**Joel Scott Osteen** (born March 5, 1963) is an American author, televangelist, and the senior pastor of Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas. 

His ministry reaches over seven million broadcast media viewers weekly in over 100 nations around the world. His first book, “Your Best Life Now” has sold 5 million copies. Lakewood Church now occupies the former Compaq Center, once home to the NBA’s Houston Rockets. The venue seats 16,000 people.  

Osteen was born on March 5, 1963 in Houston, Texas. He has been married to Victoria Osteen since 1987. They have two children. He lives in Houston, Texas.

In August 2017, Osteen received significant backlash on social media after he did not initially open Lakewood Church as an emergency shelter following Hurricane Harvey. A post on the church's Facebook page and an Instagram post by associate pastor John Gray, which was later deleted, claimed that flooded highways had made the church inaccessible.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Joel Osteen Ministries
Shrine of the Book

The **Shrine of the Book** (, ) is a famous building in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. It shows the Dead Sea scrolls that were discovered in 1947 at Khirbet Qumran by the Archaeologist Dr. Yigael Yadin.

## Other websites 
* The Shrine of the Book  at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem
* The Shrine of the Book  
* The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Elaine Stritch

**Elaine Stritch** (February 2, 1925 &ndash; July 17, 2014) was an American actress and vocalist. She was known for her role as Colleen Donaghy in *30 Rock*. Stritch was nominated for five Tony Awards. She won three Emmy Awards and two Drama Desk Awards.

Stritch was born on February 2, 1925 in Detroit, Michigan to an Irish-Welsh family. She studied at The New School in New York City. Stritch was married to John Bay from 1973 until his death in 1982. She lived in Birmingham, Michigan.

Stritch died at her home in Birmingham, Michigan from complications of stomach cancer and diabetes on July 17, 2014 at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Just A Minute Transcript
Gloria Reuben

**Gloria Elizabeth Reuben** (born June 9, 1964) is a Canadian actress and singer. She acts in both television series and movies. Reuben played Elizabeth Keckley in the 2012 movie *Lincoln*. She played Jeanie Boulet in the medical drama *ER*. Reuben was born in Toronto, Ontario.
Walytjatjata

**Walytjatjata** (also spelled **Walytjatjara**) is a place in the Northern Territory of Australia that is culturally important to the Pitjantjatjara Aboriginal community. It is located in the far south of the Territory, about  away from the border with South Australia. 

It is surrounded to the north by the western hills of the Mann Ranges. An outstation was built here in the 1980s, although nobody currently lives there permanently. 

Most of the families associated with the place live in Pipalyatjara, about  to the southeast. The houses there are sometimes used for hunting, foraging, painting and cultural events. Nearby are several  and a sacred rock formation that is associated with the .

The name '''' refers to something having an owner in Pitjantjatjara.

## References
## Other websites
*Walytjatjata on the Northern Territory Place Names Register
RR Lyrae

of colour versus brightness.]]

**RR Lyrae** is a pulsating variable star in the constellation Lyra. It is the model for the variable stars known as **RR Lyrae variables**. It pulses over a short cycle of 13 hours, 36 minutes. Each radial pulsation causes the radius of the star to vary between 5.1 and 5.6 times the Sun's radius.

Stars of this type are often found in globular clusters, and used as standard candles to measure distances to other galaxies.

RR Lyrae and its type are pulsating stars of spectral class A (and rarely F), with a mass of around half the Sun's. It is thought they previously shed mass and consequently, they were once stars with similar or slightly less mass than the Sun, about 0.8 solar masses.

RR Lyrae stars pulse in a manner similar to Cepheid variables, so the mechanism for the pulsation is thought to be similar. The nature and histories of these stars is thought to be rather different.
Unlike Cepheids, RR Lyraes are old, low mass, metal-poor "Population II" stars.  They are much more common than Cepheids, but also much less luminous. The average absolute magnitude of an RR Lyrae is about 0.75, only 40 or 50 times brighter than our Sun. Their period is shorter, typically less than one day, sometimes ranging down to seven hours.

The relationship between pulsation period and absolute magnitude of RR Lyraes makes them good standard candles for relatively near objects, especially within the Milky Way. They are extensively used in globular cluster studies, and also used to study chemical properties of older stars.

Knowing the period-luminosity relation for local RR Lyrae-type variable stars allows the distance of more distant stars of this type to be determined. The distance of RR Lyrae remained uncertain until 2002 when the Hubble Space Telescope was used to fix its distance within a 5% margin of error. The result was . When combined with measurements from the Hipparcos satellite and other sources, the result is a distance estimate of .

## References
Rosalind Russell

**Rosalind Russell** (June 4, 1907 – November 28, 1976) was an American actress who acted in lots of stage plays and many movies. She played a fast talking newspaper reporter in the 1940 screwball movie *His Girl Friday* and Mame Dennis in the movie *Auntie Mame*. Russell was born in Connecticut. She died from breast cancer at age sixty-nine in Beverly Hills, California.
L'Osservatore Romano

'''L'Osservatore Romano''' is the official newspaper of the Holy See. It was first published in 1861. It is not used for official publications, which appear in Acta Apostolicae Sedis. L'Osservatore Romano is published daily, in Italian. There are also weekly or monthly editions in many other languages.

## Other websites
* ''The Holy See – L'Osservatore Romano* 
* *L'Osservatore Romano* site index 
* The origins of *L'Osservatore Romano''
John Charles Daly

**John Charles Patrick Croghan Daly** (February 20, 1914 &ndash; February 24, 1991) was an American journalist, personality, actor, and game show host. He was known for hosting ''What's My Line''. He was also the Vice President of ABC during the 1950s. He was the son-in-law of Chief of Justice Earl Warren.

## Early life
Daly was born on February 20, 1914, in Johannesburg, South Africa, to an American family.  His parents were on a trip in Johannesburg when he was born. After his father died, Daly and his mother moved to Boston, Massachusetts. Daly studied at the Tilton School and at Boston College.

## Personal life
He was married to Margaret Griswell Neal from 1937 until they divorced in 1959 or 1960. They had three children. Then he was married to Virginia Warren from 1960 until his death in 1991. Virginia was the daughter of Chief Justice Earl Warren.

### Death
Daly died on February 24, 1991, in his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland, from cardiac arrest, four days after his 77th birthday.

## Awards
Daly won an Emmy Award in 1955, an Golden Globe Award in 1962, and three Peabody Awards in 1954, 1956, and 1957.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Biography on TV.com 
*Robert Trout discusses the CBS newscast of December 7, 1941
*John Charles Daly at Find a Grave
QVC

**QVC** is a multinational group that represents shopping at home. The name *QVC* means Quality, Value and Convenience. 

The group are a television network that runs 24 hours a day and seven days per week. Celebrities on QVC have included Rachael Ray, Susan Lucci and Joan Rivers. This network specializes primarily in fashion, shoes and clothing. QVC serves almost 235 million customers in six countries. It was founded by Joseph Segel.

## References
Wikivoyage

**Wikivoyage** is a free travel and tourism guide on the web. It is written by volunteer authors using a wiki. Anyone can edit articles. The name "Wikivoyage" is a combination of the words "wiki" and "voyage", the French word for travel, journey, or trip.

Wikivoyage started publicly in December 2006 as a German-language version that was supported by German and Swiss authors. It was owned by a German non-profit association named Wikivoyage e.V. The Italian version started in December 2007.

In 2012, the content of Wikitravel in other languages was copied to Wikivoyage. At the same time Wikivoyage became hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF), a non-profit organization that hosts other wikis such as Wikipedia. Wikivoyage was officially re-launched by Wikimedia on January 15, 2013. At that time Wikivoyage was available in German, Italian, English, French, Dutch, Russian, Swedish, Portuguese and Spanish languages. The English version is the biggest, with more than 27,400 articles in September 2016.

## Description
Wikivoyage is written by the collaboration of *Wikivoyagers* from around the world. Articles cover different levels of geography, from continents to districts of a city. Articles mostly consist of: destinations, itineraries, phrasebooks, and travel topics.

### Destinations
Geographical units are described in articles based on, "can you sleep there?"

The hierarchy includes:
* *Continents*
* *Continental sections* (like Southeast Asia)
* *Countries*
* *Regions* within countries (provinces, counties, states, groups of states etc.)
* *Cities* of any size, including small villages if they are tourist destinations
* *Districts* within large cities
* *National parks* provided they have accommodation for the traveller

Articles list attractions such as hotels, restaurants, bars, stores, nightclubs, tour operators, museums, statues or other works of art, city parks, town squares or streets, festivals or events, transport systems or stations, bodies of water, and uninhabited islands.

### Itineraries
An itinerary describes a list of destinations and attractions to visit during a specific amount of time, with recommendations of how long to stay and routes to follow. Itineraries usually have a well-defined path.

### Phrasebooks
A phrasebook has:
# An overview of a language, giving a brief history, where it is spoken, how many speakers, the alphabet or symbols, and other general information on the language.
# A pronunciation guide, with a description of each written symbol in the language (that is, its alphabet), and a pronunciation note for each symbol.
# A phrase list. Each entry includes the word or phrase being translated, the spelling in the local language symbols as it would be seen written down, and a pronunciation cue.

### Travel topics
Travel topics include the following: Something that is too large or too detailed to go in a destination article. General travel information that applies to many destinations. Major events that occur in different places. Specialist information such as scuba-diving sites.

## References
## Other websites
* Wikivoyage in English
* Wikivoyage in many languages
Richard Kind

**Richard Bruce Kind** (born November 22, 1956) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his roles in *Mad About You* (as Dr. Mark Devanow) and in *Spin City* (as Paul Thomas Lassiter). Kind voiced Riley's imaginary friend Bing Bong in Pixar's *Inside Out*.

## Early and personal life
Kind was born on November 22, 1956 in Trenton, New Jersey to a Jewish family. He grew up in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Kind studied at Pennsbury High School and at Northwestern University. 

He married Dana Stanley in 1999 and they divorced in 2014. They have three children. Actor and director George Clooney is a close friend, and was best man at Kind's wedding.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
### Video games
## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Fairfield Arts & Convention Center
Enterococcus

***Enterococcus*** is a genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes.

Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs or short chains. They look like streptococci. Two species are regular gut flora organisms in the intestines of humans: *E. faecalis* (90-95%) and *E. faecium* (5-10%).

## Physiology and classification 
Enterococci are "facultative anaerobic organisms". This means they can live in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments.

Members of the genus *Enterococcus* were classified as Group D *Streptococcus* until 1984. Genomic DNA analysis showed they were a separate genus.

## Pathology 
Important infections caused by *Enterococcus* include urinary tract infections, bacterial endocarditis, diverticulitis, and meningitis.

Sensitive strains of these bacteria can be treated with ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. Urinary tract infections can be treated by antibiotics, but many virulent strains of *Enterococcus* are resistant. From a medical standpoint, an important feature of this genus is the high level of intrinsic antibiotic resistance. This rules out some important antibiotics.

## References
Micropaleontology

, ostracod, radiolarian, sponge spicule, radiolarian, planktonic foraminiferan (two), coccolith)]]

**Micropaleontology** (also sometimes spelled as **micropalaeontology**) is the branch of paleontology that studies **microfossils**. Microfossils are fossils generally not larger than four millimeters, and commonly smaller than one millimeter. A microscope is used to study them. Every kingdom of organisms is represented in the microfossil record. Microfossils can provide important information about the ecology in the past.

People who study micropaleontology are called **micropaleontologists**. Taxonomy and statistics are important parts of micropaleontology. 

Microfossils are most common in sediment that forms beneath water, particularly ocean water or lake water. Very old microfossils may be found in rock. Special techniques are used to separate microfossils from rock. For example, the shells of diatoms and some other organisms are made of silica; other materials in the rock can sometimes be removed with acid, leaving just the silica shells.

Micropaleontology can be divided into four areas of study. The different areas of study  use different techniques to separate the microfossils. This is because the microfossils are made of different minerals: 
* Silicon dioxide, for example in the shells of diatoms,
* Chalk, for example in the shells of coccoliths and foraminifera, 
* Phosphate, for example in bones of vertebrates, 
* Organic compounds, for example in pollen and spores.

The area of study for pollen and spores, including fossils, is called palynology.

 image of a fossil pollen grain. Pollen grains are used to identify which plants lived in the area when the sediments were laid down.]]
Holyland Model of Jerusalem

The **Holyland Model of Jerusalem** is a model of Old City of Jerusalem from the period of the Second Temple. It was first held in the Holyland Hotel in Jerusalem. It was opened in 1966, together with other models of ancient structure models of Israel. In 2006 the model was moved to a new site in the Israel Museum.

## Other websites 
* Israeli museum website
Mycoplasma

***Mycoplasma*** is a genus of bacteria. They do not have a cell wall around their cell membrane. 
They are gram-negative, and need sterols such as cholesterol for growth. Many common antibiotics such as penicillin that target cell walls do not affect mycoplasma. *Mycoplasma* are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered. They are typically about 0.1&nbsp; µm in diameter.

Many species are parasitic, pathogenic or saprophytic, and can survive without oxygen. In humans, *M. genitalium* causes urethritis, and *M. pneumoniae* is a common cause of pneumonia. Some live as saprophytes but the majority are parasites of plants and animals. The parasitic nature is due to the inability of mycoplasmal bacteria to synthesise the required growth factor. 

## References
Palynology

species have hard shells with many different shapes and patterns. The shells stay even after they die, and are useful in palynology.]]
Palynology is the study of very small natural particles. The word literally means the "study of dust". A palynologist is someone whose job is to identify what the particles are. Samples of particles can come from the air or water or soil or rocks. They could be organic and inorganic. Micropaleontology is a related area of study; it involves very small fossils.

## Methods
A palynologist uses a microscope. They may also use chemical tests to find out what a particle is made of.

The methods used to study fossils in micropaleontology and in palynology are often different. Micropaleontology often involves breaking and dissolving rocks. Palynology often involves soil or sediment.

The main work of a palynologist is to identify each particle. Many different kinds of particles might be in the same sample. They may include:
* clay
* pollen
* algae with hard shells such as Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, golden algae
* spores from plants, fungi, or bacteria
* small seeds
* pieces of larger organisms
* tiny fossils

## Uses
, with the oldest layers at the bottom of the core.]] 
 shows how pollen at different levels in a sediment core has varied through time.]]
When the palynologist knows what particles are present in a sample, they may be able to say what the temperature or environmental chemistry was like where the sample came from. They may also be able to say where the sample came from.

Palynology is used in forensic science to learn where something came from, by looking at the particles in or on it.

Palynology is also very important in the study of climate history. In bodies of water such as lakes, ponds, and the ocean, sediment builds up slowly, so that the oldest sediment is at the bottom. There are ways to take a sample of the sediment that doesn't disturb the layers (either using a tube, or by freezing).

In glacial lakes, the sediment may have varves, which are two layers per year that are different colours. If there are varves, a lot of detailed information can be discovered in a core sample.
Galactic Center

]]

The **Galactic Center** (or **Galactic Centre**) is the rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy. 

It is a supermassive black hole of 4,100 ± 0.034 million solar masses. It powers the compact radio source Sagittarius A*. 

It is  away from Earth in the direction of the constellations Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, and Scorpius where the Milky Way appears brightest.

## Baade's window 
Walter Baade searched for the centre of the Milky Way galaxy in the mid-1940s. He used the  Hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory in California. 

Up until then the structure and position of the galactic center was not known for sure.

In 2006, the Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search (SWEEPS) conducted a survey of 180,000 stars for seven days. The objective was to detect extrasolar planets by the transit method.

OGLE and other observation programs have successfully detected extrasolar planets orbiting around central bulge stars in this area by the gravitational microlensing method.

## References
Mirrors (song)

**"Mirrors"** is a 2013 song by American singer Justin Timberlake. The song is on his third studio album *The 20/20 Experience*. "Mirrors" was released 11 February 2013.
Delta Cephei

of Delta Cephei showing magnitude versus pulsation phase]]

**Delta Cephei** (δ Cep, δ Cephei) is a binary star system about 887 light-years away in the northern constellation of Cepheus, the King. At this distance, the apparent magnitude of the star is reduced by 0.23 as a result of gas and dust along the line of sight. It is very important because its distance is extremely well known. This is partly because it is in a star cluster, close enough for the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes to give a good result. As a result, it is known as a "fundamental distance calibrator", or absolute candle. Delta Cephei is a classical, or type I, Cepheid variable.

The only Cepheid variable closer to us is Polaris, the North Star, whose distance is still not exactly known.

Delta Cephei is emitting around 2,000 times the Sun's luminosity. This is producing a strong stellar wind, which, with the pulsations and shocks in the star's atmosphere, is ejecting mass at the rate of  masses per year. This is the equivalent to the mass of the Sun roughly every million years. The matter is flowing outward at a velocity of about 350 km s–1. This expelled gas forms a nebula about one parsec across, centered on Delta Cephei, and contains 0.07–0.21 solar masses of neutral hydrogen. A bow shock is being formed where the stellar wind is colliding with the surrounding interstellar medium.

## References
Saguia el Hamra

**Saguia el Hamra** was one of the two territories that made up the territory Western Sahara, when it was under Spanish rule, until 1978. At that time, Western Sahara was called *Sahara Occidental*. It makes up the northern part of the territory, that extends from about 26° northern longitude, to about 27° 50'. It covers an area of roughly . It is named after the river Saguia el Hamra, which only exists during part of the year - a wadi. During the rainy season, it turns into a lake, located near the capital, El Aaiún. The other territory was called Río de Oro
Frank Thornton

**Frank Thornton** (**Frank Thornton Ball**; 15 January 1921 &ndash; 16 March 2013) was an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Captain Peacock in *Are You Being Served?* and in its sequel *Grace & Favour* (*Are You Being Served Again*), and as Truly in *Last of the Summer Wine*.

Thornton was born on 15 January 1921 in Dulwich, London, England. He studied at Alleyn's School and at the London School of Dramatic Art. Thornton was married to Beryl Jane Margaret Evans from 1945 until his death in 2013. They had a daughter, Jane Thornton. He died on 16 March 2013 in his home in Barnes, London, England from natural causes, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Frank Thornton recalls his appearance on This Is Your Life
Dry stone wall

, Scotland]]
A **dry stone wall** is a wall made of stone without using mortar. They are made by carefully choosing rocks that fit together. There are dry stone walls in the Yorkshire Dales in northern England.

## Other websites
*How to build dry stone walls
Peggy Sue Got Married

***Peggy Sue Got Married*** is a 1986 American romantic fantasy comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Kathleen Turner and Nicolas Cage. Turner's character, Peggy Sue Bodell, goes back in time to 1960 when she attends her class of 1960 high school reunion in 1985.

## Other websites 
*
Jackdaw

The **Jackdaw** is a large bird, a member of the crow family Corvidae. It is black, with a grey back of the head.

The jackdaw is common over the whole of Europe and much of Asia. It is mostly a resident, although northern and eastern populations migrate south in the winter. It is about  in length,

The jackdaw is  and vocal, living in small groups with a complex social structure. It is found in farmland, open woodland, on coastal cliffs, and in urban settings. 

## Behaviour 
Jackdaws are omnivorous and opportunistic. They eat a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Jackdaws are monogamous and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge in four to five weeks.

In his book ''King Solomon's Ring'', Konrad Lorenz described and analysed the complex social interactions in a Jackdaw flock which lived around his house in Altenberg, Austria. He ringed them for identification and caged them in the winter to prevent their annual migration. 

Lorenz found that the birds have a hierarchy, with higher-ranked birds dominating lower-ranked birds. Pair-bonded birds share the same rank. Young males establish their individual status before pairing with females. Unmated females are the lowest members in the pecking order, and are the last to have access to food and shelter. Lorenz noted one case in which a male, absent during the dominance struggles and pair bondings, returned to the flock, became the dominant male, and chose one of two unpaired females for a mate. This female immediately assumed a dominant position in the social hierarchy and demonstrated this by pecking others. According to Lorenz, the most significant factor in social behaviour was the immediate and intuitive grasp of the new hierarchy by each bird in the flock.

## References 
## Related pages 
*RSPB Jackdaw page
Quantum state

The **quantum state** of something is a mathematical tool that describes everything that can be physically measured about that thing. For example, the quantum state of a hydrogen atom, has all the physical information one can get from measuring a hydrogen atom, like its position, momentum, energy, angular momentum, spin, and so forth.

## Related pages 
*Quantum mechanics
Haw

**Haw** or **HAW** may refer to:

* Many species of hawthorn (*Crataegus*)
* Hawaii, United States
* Hawaiian language
Inge Lønning

**Inge Lønning** (20 February 1938 &ndash; 24 March 2013) was a Norwegian Lutheran theologian, academic, and politician for the Conservative Party of Norway.

Lønning was born on 20 February 1938 in Fana, Bergen, Norway. He was raised in Oslo, Norway. Lønning studied at the University of Oslo. He served as a councilman in Oslo. Lønning died on 24 March 2013 from an illness after going on a trip in Beitostølen, Norway, aged 75.

## References
## Other websites
* Profile in Nordic Council
Sun Country Airlines

**Sun Country Airlines** is an American low-fare airline. It was started by many former Braniff International Airways employees. It is headquartered in the Dakota County suburb of Eagan, Minnesota.  Sun Country uses nearby Minneapolis/Saint Paul International Airport as a *hub*. It currently flies to 43 destinations throughout the Caribbean, United States, Mexico, and Costa Rica.

Most of Sun Country's routes either arrive in or depart from Minneapolis-St. Paul. The airline also sometimes has flights between other cities, including Dallas, Texas 

Sun Country has Boeing 737 airplanes.

 at Miami International Airport.]]

## References
Godsend (movie)

***Godsend*** is a 2004 supernatural horror-thriller movie. It is about a couple who lose their child, after which they are put through supernatural forces and nightmares. The movie stars Robert De Niro and Rebecca Romijn. This movie received very bad reviews from critics. Its intake was over $30 million, making *Godsend* a mild success in the box office.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Website for the fictional Godsend institute
* 
* 
* 
*
Virgin America

**Virgin America** was an U.S. airline. It began operations in 2007.  Its corporate headquarters were located in California. The airline used Airbus A319 and Airbus A320 aircraft, flying to destinations throughout the United States and Mexico.

The airline was partly owned by the Virgin Group.  The Virgin Group also controls Virgin Atlantic Airways and Virgin Australia. However, the Virgin Group had less than a fifty percent share of the airline. This is due to U.S. federal laws that do not allow foreign control of domestic airlines. 

Virgin America was looking to sell all or part of its airline in early 2016. On April 4, 2016, Alaska Airlines announced it would buy Virgin America. Alaska retired the Virgin America name on April 25, 2018, and the airline's branding gradually started to disappear from planes and interiors from that date onwards.

## Gallery

File:Virgin America Airbus 320 N846VA Photo 194 (13836583815).jpg|A Virgin America A320 at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
File:3 x Virgin America Airbus A320 at LAX.jpg|Three Virgin America aircraft at Los Angeles International Airport.
File:Airbus A320 Virgin America (5382162651).jpg|The cabin of a Virgin America Airbus A320.
File:VX SFO ticketing.JPG|A Virgin America check-in area.

## References
Jon Lovitz

**Jonathan M. "Jon" Lovitz** (born July 21, 1957) is an American comedian, actor and singer. He was known for his sketches on *Saturday Night Live* from 1985 through 1990. He was also known for his guest-star role as Steve on *Friends*. He won two Emmy Awards for his writing on comedy series and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his acting in a crew. 

Lovitz was born on July 21, 1957 in Los Angeles, California to a Romanian-Hungarian-Russian-Jewish family. He studied at the University of California at Irvine.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Jon Lovitz On MySpace.com
Jerry Colonna

**Gerardo Luigi "Jerry" Colonna** (September 17, 1904 &ndash; November 21, 1986) was an Italian-American comedian, singer, actor, songwriter, and musician. He was known for his big mustache and for working with Bob Hope on comedy shows.

Colonna was born on September 17, 1904 in Boston, Massachusetts to an Italian family. He was married to Florence Purcell in c. 1930 until his death in 1986. They had one son, Robert. Colonna died on November 21, 1986 in Woodland Hills, California from kidney failure, aged 82.

## Other websites
*WFMU's Jerry Colonna Homage
*
*Find-A-Grave profile for Jerry Colonna
*The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts
Rebecca Romijn

'''Rebecca Alie O'Connell** (née **Romijn'*, born November 6, 1972) is an American movie and television series actress. She played Mystique in the X-Men movies and Alexis Meade in the television sitcom *Ugly Betty''. Romijn was born in Berkeley, California. Her father is Dutch.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Evil Dead (2013 movie)

The ***Evil Dead*** is a 2013 American horror movie. It is about five friends who stay at a remote cabin. This movie was at first rated NC-17, but changes were made so the movie would get an R rating from the MPAA. *Evil Dead* was also rated "18" by the BBFC (UK) and rated "R" in Australia. This movie got positive reviews by the critics.

It is a remake of 1981 movie *Evil Dead*.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Mount Ebenezer

**Mount Ebenezer** is a pastoral station and roadhouse in the south of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is located on the Lasseter Highway,  from the Stuart Highway to the east and  to Uluṟu in the west. Mount Ebenezer is owned by the community of Imaṉpa, which is surrounded by the property. It is one of the few Aboriginal-owned stations in the Territory. It is managed by Lisanote Pty Ltd, a company also owned by the Imaṉpa Community. This company also operates the Angas Downs Indigenous Protected Area, which borders the property to the west. The lease for the property is held by the Fogarty family.

## History
The area falls within the traditional homeland of the southern Luritja people (Matuntara). Mount Ebenezer, the mountain that the station was named after, is in the Basedow Ranges and can be seen to the north of the roadhouse. The mountain itself is named for Ebenezer Flint, who worked in the area in 1871 on the Overland Telegraph Line. In the early 1920s, a pioneer named William Liddle established the Angas Downs sheep station to the west of the Basedow Ranges. He had previously worked at the telegraph station in Alice Springs. He settled at Angas Downs with his wife Mary (an Aranda woman) and had several children. From the late 1920s, the family began to use the Mount Ebenezer area as an extension of Angas Downs.

Mount Ebenezer was established as its own station in 1947 by William's second son, Harold Liddle. He was one of the first people of Aboriginal descent to get a perpetual lease for a pastoral property. Liddle sold the new station to Ted Kunoth in 1952. Kunoth built a roadhouse to service tourist traffic between the Stuart Highway and Uluṟu. In 1978, Kunoth agreed to allow the Aboriginal people of the area to set up a community on a part of the station's lands. The area at Imaṉpa, beneath the Basedow Ranges, was removed from the property for this. Kunoth sold the property's lease to Alan Rogers, who then resold to the Fogarty family in 1993.

## References
## Other websites
*Mount Ebenezer  on *Exploring Australia*
Río de Oro

]]
**Rio de Oro** was one of the two territories of Western Sahara, when the territory was under Spanish rule. Rio de Oro, which literally means *river of gold* is more to the south. The other part was called Saguia el Hamra. The territory is named after a wadi. The capital of the territory is called Dakhla. When the territory was ruled by the Spanish, its name was *Villa Cisneros*. It has a size of roughly . To the north, the 26th parallel is the border, and to the south, the territory is limited by the 21° 20' parallel (and the border with Mauritania).

Originally, Portuguese traders called the territory *Rio do Ouro*, they traded goods for gold dust, in the year 1442. They believed to be in Mali ruled by Mansa Musa. Mali was famed for its gold deposits, despite the fact that gold was never found there, and only further south in Akjoujt and south of the Niger River. Historic maps show a river running from the center of Africa to the Atlantic Ocean, newer maps show a shorter river which ends in a wadi named Megeta Mersug. In 1886, a Spanish expedition searched for this river, but did not find it.

## References
Platform shoe

**Platform shoes** are shoes that have extremely dense soles. They are often made out of plastics, rubber or cork. Platform shoes were first worn during the Ancient era. They are known to add height to whoever is wearing them. The shoes are oftentimes worn to avoid coming in contact with urban street filth, grime and muck. These shoes were very popular between the 1930s and the 1980s in the United States, Europe and the United Kingdom. They were worn mostly by girls or young women, although middle-aged or elderly women sometimes wear the shoes. Comfort platforms were invented during the disco music era, and would be designed to mix added heights and sneaker style or orthotic comforts. The fad eventually fizzled out during the late 1980s and early 1990s, though by then people of all ages, particularly girls and young to middle-aged women, wore the shoes.

'''1930's'''
Moshe Kimel introduced the modern platform shoe in the 30's for actress Marlene Dietrich. This started a fad among the elite and well to do. The growing popularity of the shoe sparked several well known copies such as "the rainbow" by Salvatore Ferragamo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo. At this time the shoes were typically made with cork due to the production material changes many had to face during World War II. As many trends do this one slowly disappeared from the main stream media, and didn't reaper till the late 60's. 

'''1970's-1980's'''
Carole Basetta was the well known designer producing shoes for famous artists such as David Bowie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie. This time it was not just a feminine fashion statement but men also wore platforms as well because platforms started coming in different forms like boots, trainers, and sandals. Tony Randell wore clear platforms with goldfish in the heals on a tv show and again these shoes appeared in Starsky and Hutch https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starsky_%26_Hutch. In the 80's brands popularized the comfort platform which was meant for everyday use.  

'''Late 90's early 2000's'''
While introduced in the early 90's platforms didn't pick up in mainstream fashion till the late 90's. This may be due to Naomi Campbell's runway fall in 1993 while wearing Vivienne Westwood's platform heels. After the 90's platforms did not pick up again till around 2003-2004 when YSL made a tribute sandal to commemorate the 70's shoe style. Many celebrities' liked this design for the added sex appeal.  

**2010-2020**
This era of platform shoe was more popular with the platform boot style. Some of the more well known brands are Demonia, Bordello, and Dolls kill. With the rise of E-girl as a subculture in 2019 the sale of gothic style platform boots have gone up. During the 2010 era clear shoes wear also popularized by Kim Kardashian West. These clear platform shoes allow to put trinkets in your shoe ranging from flowers, kids toys, and plastic fish to Halloween decorations, spiders, and baby doll heads.
Gown

A **gown** is a type of clothing usually worn by women. There are different kinds of gowns. Some are worn on formal occasions such as marriages. Some are worn in hospitals. Some are worn to sleep in.

## Other websites
Gengen-Wer

**Gengen Wer** is a god in Egyptian mythology that appears as a goose. He is long forgotten by the Egyptian people, but was famous in Ancient Egypt. He is seen in the series of Rick Riordan's *The Kane Chronicles* books as a god who is senile. He was sensitive as the earlier Egyptians wrote. He was long forgotten by the Egyptian people, but was admired in Ancient Egypt. He is often associated with artistic expression and laid an egg in the plain of chaos that all matter came from. 

## References