open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
M4 carbine

The **M4 carbine** is a direct impingement, select fire carbine, chambered in 5.56 NATO. The M4 carbine is the main infantry rifle issued to the U.S. military and others around the world. The M4 family is a carbine offshoot of the M16 rifle. (A carbine is shorter than a rifle, longer than a pistol, and is usually fitted with an 11-18" barrel)

The M4 utilizes a Direct Gas Impingement system to cycle the action, meaning there is gas vented from the barrel, which travels through the gas tube, back into the upper receiver. This gas pushes the bolt carrier back which, consequently, discharges the fired cartridge, cocks the hammer, and reloads the chamber to fire the next round. The M4 is fitted with a 14.5 inch barrel, and is classified as an SBR. (Short Barreled Rifle) An SBR is a "pistol" fitted with a barrel shorter than 16", and is allowed to be fitted with a stock and vertical foregrip. The M4 family of rifles is chambered in the venerable 5.56 NATO round, the same round that the M16 family and AR-15 family of rifles fires.

The M4 can be fired in either the semi-automatic setting (one round fired per trigger pull), or the three-round burst setting ("burst fire" is the term used for the mechanical limitation of the full-auto function of the rifle from "full-auto" to firing up to three rounds when trigger is depressed). The M4A1 is the full-auto variant of the M4 . The carbine can be fitted with an M203 grenade launcher as well as the newer M320 grenade launcher. The M4 can be fitted with many accessories, such as night vision devices, silencers, PEQ boxes, telescopic sights, bipods, an under-barrel shotgun, and 1913 rail-mounted fore-grips.

The United States Marine Corps (USMC) has ordered its officers (up to the rank of lieutenant colonel) and non-commissioned officers to carry the M4 carbine instead of the M9 pistol. The M4 is also widely used by police officers, along with the AR-15. The M4 is widely used due to its low cost, low jamming, effeciveness at any range, and highly modifiable.

## Trademark Information 
The carbine was developed and produced for the United States government by Colt Firearms, which had an exclusive contract to produce the M4 family of weapons through 2009. Colt previously held a U.S. trademark on the term "M4".

Other manufacturers offer M4-like firearms. Many manufacturers have production firearms that look and function close to the M4. A civilian model is sometimes colloquially referred to as an "M4gery", a portmanteau word from "M4" and "forgery". 

Colt said it held sole rights to the M4 name and design. Other manufacturers said that Colt was overstating its rights, and that "M4" was now a generic term for a shortened AR-15. On December 8, 2005, a District court judge ruled that "M4" *was* now a generic name, and that Colt's trademark should be revoked.

## References
Humboldt, South Dakota

**Humboldt** is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County, and 579 people lived there at the 2020 census. Humboldt became a town in 1891.

## References
## Other websites
*Town of Humboldt website
JW-Jones

**JW-Jones** (born July 15, 1980 in Ottawa) is a Canadian blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. Jones was the first artist signed to the NorthernBlues Music label in Toronto. He released his first six recordings with the label. He still records for CrossCut Records in Europe, and has previously worked with Ruf Records in United States. In the last decade, he has released seven albums and played in 19 countries, four continents. He continues to tour extensively. Jones lives who lives in Ottawa, Ontario. He has performed at blues festivals, theatres and clubs in Canada, the United States, Europe, Russia, Australia, and Brazil.

Jones' third album with his band, *My Kind Of Evil* (2004), was produced by Kim Wilson (singer for The Fabulous Thunderbirds). It includes vocals from Colin James on two tracks, and Roxanne Potvin on one. Songs from the album have been played on House of Blues Radio Hour. Music reviewer Brad Wheeler from Canada's *Globe and Mail* newspaper praised the "graceful ability he (Jones) shows on guitar" in the album. Wheeler stated that "...the Ottawa player makes retro moves, layering swinging blues with keyboards and very noticeable horns that never dominate the fine-lined fills and lead work." The Allmusic review of *My Kind of Evil*, by Chris Nickson, states that "He's very good on covers, such as "I Don't Know", but his own songs — the vast majority of this disc — have plenty of life."

In May 2009, Jones' song "Parasomnia" appeared on a *Guitar World* featured CD, *Guitar Masters Vol. 2*. Other artists on the CD were B. B. King, Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, and Carlos Santana. The *Globe and Mail* referred to Jones as "one of this country's top blues guitar stars". The *Blues Revue Magazine* stated that Jones' guitar playing is like T-Bone Walker's guitar playing. The review said that JW-Jones plays solo melodies like Johnny "Guitar" Watson, and that his guitar playing is like Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown. *Billboard* called Jones part of "a new wave of young talent moving onto Canada’s blues stage."

## References
Derek Walcott

**Derek Alton Walcott**, OBE  OCC (23 January 1930 &ndash; 17 March 2017) was a Saint Lucian poet and playwright. He was awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature. He served as Professor of poetry at the University of Essex until his death in 2017.

His works include the Homeric epic poem, *Omeros* (1990).

Walcott was born on 23 January 1930 in Castries, Saint Lucia. 

Walcott died at his home in St. Lucia on 17 March 2017.  He was 87.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
* British Council writers' profile, works listing, critical review
* Poetry Archive profile, poems written and audio
* Poetry Foundation profile and poems
* Poetry of American Poets profile, poems audio and written
* Profile and analysis, Emory University 
* Profile, interviews, articles, archive. Prague Writers' Festival
*Poetry is an island, Derek Walcott, A feature documentary film about the life and times of Derek Walcott set to be released in 2013 with the help of crowd funding on Indiegogo
Parker, South Dakota

**Parker** is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Turner County, and 1,194 people lived there at the 2020 census. Parker became a city in 1883.

## References
## Other websites
*City of Parker website
Midterm exam

A **midterm exam** is a test given around the middle of a term in schools.

## Purpose
Midterm assessments serve a dual purpose, aiding in both gauging your current comprehension of course material and priming you for forthcoming final exams. They offer an opportunity to assess your progress, pinpoint areas for improvement, and refine study strategies, ultimately enhancing your preparedness for the culmination of the academic term.

## Format 
Midterm exams come in various formats, encompassing multiple-choice, short answer, fill-in-the-blanks, or essay-type questions. The structure might differ from one course to another, contingent upon your professor's preferences. Some midterms occur during regular class hours, while others are designated as take-home exams. Critical information regarding the midterm, including its format and scheduling, is typically outlined in the course syllabus.

## References
Big Brother (British series 8)

***Big Brother 2007*** (or ***Big Brother 8***) was the eighth series of the British reality television series *Big Brother*. It was shown on Channel 4. Some other, related programmes were shown on E4. The series was hosted by Davina McCall. It began on 30 May 2007, and ended 94 days later on 31 August 2007. Ratings for this series were very low compared to other series.

On the first night of the show, all the housemates who entered were female. Male housemates were sent in later, at intervals over the first two weeks. Another five housemates (three females, and two males) entered the house on the 59th day. In total, there were 22 housemates in total in this series of *Big Brother*.

The series was eventually won by housemate Brian Belo. He won £100,000.

## Housemates 
## Notes
## References
Hide (unit)

The **hide** was a unit of land measurement. Everywhere in Anglo-Saxon England except Kent it was the land held by a peasant and his family. Originally it was the amount of land necessary to support one household. The amount of land that made up one hide would vary from one part of Britain to another. This was because the quality of soil for growing food would be different. In places where the soil was very rich, a hide of land would be smaller. Where the soil was poor the hide would be larger. It was never a standard using fixed measurements. This could be defending the local castle or providing soldiers for the local militia. Tenants paid  based on how many hides they farmed.

## Notes 
## References
## Other websites 
* Anglo-Saxon Social Organisation, *Regia Anglorum*
Survivor Series (2010)

**Survivor Series (2010)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by  World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on November 21, 2010 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. It was the 24th Survivor Series event held by WWE.

Eight matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Randy Orton defeated Wade Barrett to retain the WWE Championship with John Cena as the special guest referee. Since Orton won, Cena was (kayfabe) fired from WWE.

## Matches
### Survivor Series elimination tag team match 
## References
## Other websites
*Official Survivor Series 2010 website
Titanium alloy

**Titanium alloys** are metals which contain a mixture of titanium and other chemical elements. They have very high tensile strength and toughness. They are light in weight, resist corrosion very strongly and can withstand extreme temperatures.

However, the cost of both raw materials and processing is very high. Therefore, their use is limited to military applications, aircraft, spacecraft, medical devices, connecting rods on expensive sports cars and some high quality sports equipment and consumer electronics.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Titanium and Titanium Alloys 
*General Titanium Alloys Property Data
*Properties of Alpha/Beta Titanium Alloy
Ingrid Newkirk

**Ingrid Newkirk** (born June 11, 1949) is an animal rights activist. She started People For the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in 1980 with Alex Pacheco. It is the world's biggest animal rights organization. In 2007 HBO showed a documentary called *I Am an Animal: The Story of Ingrid Newkirk and PETA*.
In 2010 Jezebel called Newkirk 'The Worst Person in the World'.

## Other websites
*Official website

## References
Body armour

in July 2010 help a Sri Lankan sailor to put on a 'Modular Tactical Vest'.]]

 wears a helmet and carries a riot shield. October 2002]]

Modern **body armour** (personal armour/armor or body armor) is  protective clothing. It is designed to absorb and/or deflect slashing, bludgeoning, and penetrating attacks.

It was first used to protect soldiers, today it is used to protect riot police, private security guards and bodyguards. There are two different types of armour. There is regular non-plated personal armor used by most police, security guards and bodyguards. There is also hard-plate reinforced personal armor, which is used by combat soldiers, police tactical units and hostage rescue teams.

Armour is certainly very ancient, but it was little used in infantry warfare for quite a long time, with the exception of helmets. From about the 18th century to the Vietnam war, men fought relatively unprotected. The weight and cost of effective armour meant it was no longer practical to have infantrymen armoured.

The invention of carbon fibre, modern hard ceramics and various plastic compounds are suitable for light armour which is effective in many circumstances. Kevlar, Technora and Nomex are Aramids, which are long-chain aromatic polyamides. They are used to make bullet resistant vests and bullet resistant face masks. The PASGT helmet and vest used by United States military forces since the early 1980s both have Kevlar as a main component, as do their replacements. Most of these items have padding on the inside to act as shock-absorbers, and to increase comfort during while being worn.

So, with the lighter weight and increased stopping-power of personal armour, the modern soldier is once again protected against most of the weapons of the day.

## In practice
In December 2009, during the War in Afghanistan, a British soldier in southern Helmand Province, survived a shot to the back during an operation to clear insurgents from a village, protected by the body armor kit he was wearing.

## References
Monty Brown

**Monty Brown** (born April 13, 1970) is an American former professional wrestler and American football linebacker. He is best known for working with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under the ring name **Marcus Cor Von**. He wrestled on their ECW brand. He also worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling from 2002 to 2006.

Before becoming a professional wrestler, Brown played football at Ferris State University. He graduated and was picked up by the Buffalo Bills. He played 3 seasons with the Bills including Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994. He then played a season with the New England Patriots before retiring because of an ankle injury and to train to become a professional wrestler.

## Championships
***Juggalo Championship Wrestling**
**JCW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
***Prime Time Wrestling**
**PTW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**PWI Rookie of the Year (2004)
**He was ranked **#28** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2005.

## References
## Other websites
*WWE profile
*TNA profile
*NFL profile
*OWOW profile
Earl (mixtape)

***Earl*** is the debut mixtape by Earl Sweatshirt. It was released on March 31, 2010 as a free digital download on Odd Future's website. The mixtape was recorded when Earl was between 15 and 16. The album is short and the lyrics are about murder, rape, drugs and criticism of religion.
John Abbott

**Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott**  (March 12, 1821 – October 30, 1893) was the fourth Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the office for seventeen months, from June 16, 1891 to November 24, 1892. Through his daughter, Abbott is the great-grandfather of Canadian Academy Award-winning actor Christopher Plummer.

Abbott died on March 12, 1893 from complications of pneumonia in his Montreal, Quebec home. He was 72 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson, John Fiske and Stanley L. Klos. Six volumes, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887-1889
Bike rage

**Bike rage** refers to using bad words, bad gestures, or physcial conflict between cyclists and others on the road, including pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and drivers. Bike rage is similar to other road rage.

A bike rage event can start because a cyclist, driver, or pedestrian thinks that another road user was breaking traffic rules, or in other ways because someone felt that their safety was threatened by another road user. Some people consider that the problem is city planners have mixed bikes and cars together in the same ways and may cause lots of chances for conflict. As such, cyclists feel threatened in traffic and hard done by and under attack. 

An article in *Toronto Life* magazine argued that the source of the problem bike rage is neither the problem of drivers nor the problem of cyclists, but the environment in which they interact. A possible explanation between cyclists and drivers is the anonymity of the big city; all the cyclists and drivers know they will never meet each other again.

## Examples  
**Drivers attacking cyclists**

An event from New York Times show that a 41-year-old cyclist, Dan Cooley was injured by a driver who became angry at him after an exchange of insults. The event began when the driver overtake in front of Mr. Cooley. As Mr. Cooley moved off the road, the driver drove the car to him, and used car to hurted him. Mr. Cooley fell on the ground and then the driver got out of the car and attacked him. Mr. Cooley got concussion and a torn ligament when he was taken to hospital.  Mr. Cooley said that the reason for anger between cyclists and drivers is the car had monopolized the road for long time, however, bicyclists become more and more popular to save gas in this time. No one knows how to share the road.

**Cyclists attacking drivers**

In 2004 Chicago had an event that a cyclist attacked a driver. A Pennsylvania bicyclist shot a truck driver after an altercation. The truck driver, William Nicoletti, 51, when he drove past the cyclist, the man on the bike made obscene gesture to him. Not only for this, but also he drew a pistol and shot Mr. Nicoletti. The man on the bicycle, Robert Urick, 41, was "charged with attempted homicide, aggravated assault and weapons offenses."

In Toronto in January 2006, a driver threw his lunch out the window of his car. A 26-year-old bike courier threw the food back into the car. The driver tossed two cups of hot coffee at the courier. Then the driver attacked the woman and her bike.

## References
Martin Bashir

**Martin Bashir** (born 19 January 1963) is a British journalist. He is known for interviewing Princess Diana in 1995 and Michael Jackson in the 2003 documentary Living with Michael Jackson. That year he was voted the fifth 'worst Briton'. He started being a journalist in 1986. He worked with BBC until 1999. Then he joined ITV. In December 2010 he joined MSNBC. He hosted *Martin Bashir* on MSNBC on weekdays.

On 15 November 2013, Bashir made people angry when he said on his MSNBC show *Clear the Air* that someone should defecate in Sarah Palin's mouth and called her a 'world-class idiot'. In December 2013 Bashir stopped working at the MSNBC.

Bashir was born to Pakistani parents in Wandsworth in South London. He speaks English and Urdu.

## References
Jeremy Kyle

**Jeremy Kyle** (born 7 July 1965) He also hosted the American version until May 2013.

He was born in Reading, Berkshire. He went to the Reading Blue Coat School. He married Carla Germaine in 2003.

In July 2005, Kyle started a talk show called *The Jeremy Kyle Show*.

In 2009 his first book, ''I'm Only Being Honest'', was published. In it he talks about 'Broken Britain'.

On 11 October 2011, a game show called *High Stakes* started on ITV. Kyle presented the show until it ended 13 December 2011.

In Blackpool's Madame Tussauds there is a wax figure of Kyle.

## Sources
## Other websites
*Jeremy Kyle's website on ITV
Shed

A **shed** is a simple, usually single-storey (though two-storey sheds exist)  in a garden which is used for . Some people use their shed to do hobbies or as a workshop. It's even possible to convert some sheds into [[house][s, stores and other inhabited buildings. There are many types of sheds. Some sheds are small open-sided structures with tin rooves. Some sheds are large structures framed by wood. Some sheds are made out of plastic. Sheds used on farms can be large and tall structures. Sheds can be made with metal panels attached to a metal frame, plastic or vinyl panels attached to a frame, ill-timed construction.
Lauren Laverne

**Lauren Cecilia Fisher** (born 28 April 1978), known as **Lauren Laverne**, is an English television presenter.

When she was at college she started a rock band called Kenickie with her brother Peter, Marie Nixon and Emma Jackson. The band broke up in 1998. In 2000 she sang on the single "Don't Falter" by Mint Royale. It reached No.15 in the UK Singles Chart.

In 2010 her first novel was *Candypop – Candy and the Broken Biscuits* was published by HarperCollins. From 2010-2013 Laverne presented 10 O'Clock Live.

She writes a style column for The Guardian.

## References
M240 machine gun

The **M240 machine gun** is a type of machine gun. It fires the 7.62mm NATO cartridge. It is gas-operated and the bullets are fed into the chamber by a belt. The M240 has been used by the United States Armed Forces since the late-1970s. It is used a lot by infantry. The M240 is also mounted onto ground vehicles, boats, and helicopters.

## Sources
Kamala Khan

**Kamala Khan** is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. She first appeared in *Captain Marvel* #17 (November 2013). 

## Fictional character biography 
Khan is a 16-year-old Pakistani-American Muslim. She is from the suburbs of New Jersey. As the fourth and current incarnation of **Ms. Marvel**, she can shapeshift. She was made by Sana Amanat, Steve Wacker, and G. Willow Wilson.

## In other media 
The character has appeared in action figures, television series, and video games. In live-action, she is played by actress Iman Vellani in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) miniseries *Ms. Marvel* (2022) and in the 2023 movie *The Marvels*.
Robert Peston

**Robert James Kenneth Peston** (born 25 April 1960) is a British journalist. In 2005 his biography of Gordon Brown, ''Brown's Britain* was published. In 2013, *How Do We Fix This Mess?: The Economic Price of Having it All, and the Route to Lasting Prosperity'' was published. On 17 October 2013 he was made the Economics Editor for BBC News.

## References
Joseph Paul Franklin

**Joseph Paul Franklin** (April 13, 1950 &ndash; November 20, 2013) was an American serial killer. He tried to kill Larry Flynt, a magazine publisher, in 1978 and Vernon Jordan, Jr., the civil rights activist, in 1980. He has been given six life sentences. He lived at Potosi Correctional Center on death row. On November 20, 2013 he was executed at 8:30am with Propofol, a lethal drug, for killing a Jewish man outside a synagogue.

He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Franklin said that he thought he deserved to die for his crimes. Larry Flynt wrote in an essay published in the Hollywood Reporter, “I do not want to see him die.” Franklin was executed on November 20, 2013 by lethal injection.

## References
Bridgewater, South Dakota

**Bridgewater** is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in McCook County, and 511 people lived there at the 2020 census. Bridgewater became a city in 1889.

## References
## Other websites
*City of Bridgewater website
Terry stop

In the United States, a **Terry stop** is a when police stop a person and quickly check the person's clothes for guns or knives. To do this action, the police officer has to have a good reason to think that the person may be involved in a crime.

## References
Trevor McDonald

**Sir Trevor McDonald** OBE (born George McDonald on 16 August 1939) is a British journalist. He was ITN's first black journalist.

Sir Trevor McDonald was born on 16 August 1939 in San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago. In 1969, he was employed by the BBC Radio as a producer aged 30, based in London but still broadcasting to the Caribbean.

In 1973, he joined the ITV News Corporation, initially as a general reporter, later as a sports correspondent before concentrating in international politics. In the 1980s, he presented the ITN-produced Channel 4 News before returning back to ITV News in 1989 for the early evening news.

In 1992, McDonald became the presenter of the ITV News at Ten. In 1999 the programme ended. 
In 1999 *Tonight with Trevor McDonald* started on ITV. In 2007 McDonald stopped presenting the programme. It is now simply called *Tonight*.

McDonald made occasional guest appearances in the 1970s children's comedy show Tiswas with Lenny Henry next to him during a performance of McDoughnut.

In September 2020, McDonald split from his wife Josephine after 34 years. 

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Chinatown (1974 movie)

***Chinatown*** is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery movie directed by Roman Polanski, written by Robert Towne, and starring Jack Nicholson, Faye Dunaway, John Hillerman and John Huston. The movie is based on a true story about arguments that people had over the water politics in 1937 Los Angeles. The movie is 130 minutes long. It is rated R. It is considered to be a film noir. It was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1991. The movie is often considered to be one of the greatest movies ever made. During the 1975 Academy Awards, an Oscar award was given to Robert Towne for Best Original Screenplay. The Golden Globe Awards gave the movie awards for Best Drama, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Screenplay. The American Film Institute says that it is the second-best of all mystery movies.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Iyengar Yoga

**Iyengar Yoga** is a type of yoga named after and developed by B. K. S. Iyengar (1918-2014). It is a form of Hatha Yoga. It emphasizes detail, precision and alignment. It focuses performing postures (poses) and breath control. This type of yoga helps to develop strength, mobility and stability. 

B. K. S. Iyengar has created over 200 yoga poses. Students start with simple poses and move on to more complex ones.

Iyengar Yoga often uses belts, blocks, and blankets to help people get into the postures. By using belts, blocks and blankets, people are less likely to hurt themselves.
Queen Elizabeth Islands

The **Queen Elizabeth Islands** are a group of islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.  They are split between Nunavut and Northwest Territories.  

In the past the islands were called **Parry Archipelago** or **Parry Islands**.  They were named after British Arctic explorer Sir William Parry.  In 1953 the islands were renamed after Elizabeth II.

According to the *Atlas of Canada* there are 34 large and 2,092 small islands in the archipelago. Many of the islands are among the largest in the world.  The largest island in the archipelago is Ellesmere Island.

Fewer than 400 people live on the Queen Elizabeth Islands.
All Souls College, Oxford

**All Souls College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1438 by Henry VI and the Archbishop of Canterbury Henry Chichele.  The full name of the college is "The Warden and the College of the Souls of all Faithful People deceased in the University of Oxford".

All Souls does not have any undergraduate students. It only has graduate students.

All Souls is one of the richest colleges at Oxford.

## References
Cristobal Tapia de Veer

**Juan Cristobal Tapia de Veer** also known as *Cristo*, is a Chilean-born Canadian movie and television score composer, arranger, producer and multi-instrumentalist based in Montreal, QC, Canada. He is mostly known for his music to the British 6-part drama UTOPIA for which he won an RTS Craft Award in the best original score category in 2013.

## Early life 
Cristo was born during the military coup d'état in Chile. First, his parents fled to Paris, France. While his father decided to stay there, his mother took him back to Chile. Life under Pinochet's dictatorship still proved impossible, so they found political refuge in Québec, Canada.

## Career 
He obtained a master's degree in Classical Music (specialization in percussion) from the Conservatoire de musique du Québec. In 2001 he got signed to Warner Music with his pop-band *One Ton*, putting a hold on his classical career. The trio won the Canadian Dance Music Award (SOCAN) in 2003 with the electro-dance single "Supersex World". It was Cristo who produced the album.

## Movie & TV scoring 
In 2011, his music for the Victorian 4-part drama *The Crimson Petal and the White* (dir: Marc Munden, BBC2) totally surprised the audiences.

Matthew Gilbert, The Boston Globe, U.S.:

"The soundtrack ranges from gnawing electronic hums to choral ecstasy. It's all brilliantly, effectively, appropriately jarring, even if it sends the Masterpiece crowd to the medicine cabinet for Dramamine."

His latest work is in the conspiracy thriller *UTOPIA* created by Dennis Kelly, that aired on Channel 4. A second series has already been commissioned.

The Royal Television Society awarded him a Craft & Design Awards for "best original music" in November 2013.

He wrote music for a new TV-show called *Série Noire*, written and directed by the writers of "Les Invincibles", released in January 2014 on Radio-Canada.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*Cristobal Tapia de Veer on soundcloud
Survivor Series (2006)

**Survivor Series (2006)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on November 26, 2006 at the Wachovia Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the 20th Survivor Series event held by WWE.

In the main event for the SmackDown! brand, Batista defeated King Booker to win his second World Heavyweight Championship Three traditional Survivor Series matches took place. Also Mickie James defeated Lita with to win her second WWE Women's Championship. This was Lita's last match as a full-time wrestler.

## Matches
### Survivor Series elimination matches 
## References
## Other websites
*Official Survivor Series 2006 website
One Way Ticket

"**One Way Ticket**" is song which was recorded by Eruption. 

The song was reached #1 on Austria and Switzerland music charts. 

This song is a cover version of song *One Way Ticket (To The Blues)* by Neil Sedaka.
Allsvenskan (bandy)

**Allsvenskan** () is since the 2007–2008 the second highest division of men's bandy in Sweden. It is made up of 24 teams in two regional groups.

## Other websites
* Swedish Bandy Association
Elitserien (bandy)

**Elitserien** () is the men's bandy top division of Sweden since the 2007–2008 season. It consist of 14 teams, and is followed up by the Swedish championships playoffs, ending with one single final game.

## Season structure
The season starts with a regular season comprising 14 teams and 26 rounds. The first eight teams qualify for the quarter finals, the eleventh and twelfth plays a relegation round robin tournament against teams from the Allsvenskan and the last two teams are relegated.

## Other websites
* Swedish Bandy Association
European Cup (bandy)

The **European Cup** is an annual bandy club competition between teams from Europe. The first edition of the tournament was held in 1974.

## Winners
## Other websites
*Swedish bandy association - *European Cup*
Sweden women's national football team

'''Sweden women's national football team''' () represents Sweden on the women's side in association football. Sweden won the 1984 UEFA Women's Championship. In the FIFA Women's World Cup, the team ended up second in 2003, and won the bronze medals in 1991 and 2011.
## References
## Other websites
* Sweden women's national team
Homeless shelter

]]

A** homeless shelter** is a place for homeless people to take refuge. Shelters provide safety and protection from exposure to the weather. These shelters also provide food, warmth, and the basic needs for any person.
Garretson, South Dakota

**Garretson** is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County, and 1,228 people lived there at the 2020 census. Garretson became a city in 1891. A popular place in the city is Devil's Gulch, the place where Jesse James jumped over a wide cliff on his horse and got away from the police after trying to rob a bank in Northfield, Minnesota, in 1876. Garretson gets its name from a banker named A.S. Garretson.

## References
## Other websites
*City of Garretson website
Philip the Arab

**Philip the Arab** ( 204 – September 249) was Roman emperor from 244 to 249 AD.

## Early life 
Philip () was born in around 204. He got the name "Philip the Arab" ( or ). (The *Chronicon Paschale*, a Greek chronicle, and the Latin historian Aurelius Victor each have different dates for Philip's birth.) He was the son of Julius Marinus. Philip was probably born in the city he later named Philippopolis, in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea (now the city of Shahba, Syria).

## Family 
Philip married Marcia Otacilia Severa before 238. At the start of 244, Marcia Otacilia Severa became *augusta* (empress) and got the Latin title: . Marcia Otacilia Severa probably died in 248.

They had a son, Philip II. The Latin history *Epitome de Caesaribus* says that Philip II was born in 236 or 237. Only the Greek historian John of Antioch says Philip had other sons. Philip made his son Philip II his *caesar* (junior emperor) in July or August 244.  After July or August 244, Marcia Otacilia Severa also had the title . In July or August 247, Philip made his son his *augustus* (co-emperor).

Philip's father, Julius Marinus, died while his son was emperor. After that, people in Philippopolis in Arabia (Philip's home town) worshipped Julius Marinus as a god. However, the Roman Senate probably did not deify Julius Marinus, and he probably did not become one of the official gods.

Philip had a brother, Gaius Julius Priscus. He was a governor of Roman Mesopotamia () and then a praetorian prefect and governor of the East ().

## References
Loneliness

**Loneliness** is a sad emotion that a person can feel if they are  or feel a sense of lack of friends and family members. Loneliness can make people feel anxious.

People can feel lonely even if they are surrounded by a lot of other people. Loneliness can occur even to people in marriages, relationships, families and successful jobs. One cause of loneliness is a lack of friends during childhood and teenage years. Loneliness can also be caused by chronic depression. Loneliness can also be caused when a relationship or marriage ends. 

Moreover, in the scenarios where you are the only who understands the whole picture, the person might learn few techniques and read self-help guides that can help in coping up with loneliness. 

Loneliness is a theme in literature, going back to the Epic of Gilgamesh. 

## Related pages 
*Social isolation
*Solitude
* Belyaev, Igor A. and Lyashchenko, Maksim N. (2020) “Socio-cultural determinacy of human loneliness”, Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1264–1274, DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0640.

## References
Redirect

**Redirect** may refer to:
* Redirection (computing), a capability of command-line interpreters.
* Redirect examination, in law
* URL redirection, techniques on the World Wide Web for making a web page available under many URLs.
Primulaceae

The **Primulaceae** are a family of herbaceous flowering plants. It has about 24 genera. It includes some garden plants and wildflowers. It is also called the primrose family.

## References
SOCATA TBM

The **SOCATA TB700** is a light transport aircraft. It is used by both civilian and military operators. It is built in Tarbes, France by SOCATA. It is a single-turboprop aircraft built in all-metal. More than 600 were sold. TBM-850 is a modern variant.
Siege of Tobruk

**The Siege of Tobruk** was a battle in Libya during  the North African Campaign of World War II. It lasted for 231 days. The battle was between Axis and Allied Forces. The battle started on 10 April 1941, when Tobruk was besieged by an Italian and Nazi German force commanded    by Lieutenant General Erwin Rommel. The siege continued for 231 days up to 27 November 1941. On that date, the Allied 8th Army took control of Tobṟuk

The reason that both sides wanted to control Tobruk is that it had a deep protected harbour.  This made it a good place for ships to seek shelter.  As well, the Italians had built fortifications.  There were also escarpments and cliffs near Tobruk, which helped to protect the town from attack.

The Allies wanted to control Tobruk so that they could defend Egypt and the Suez Canal.   When the Axis armies could no longer use the port at Tobruk, they had to bring in supplies at the distant port of Tripoli.  This required the Axis armies to bring the supplies by truck through  of desert.  After the Allies won Tobruk, the Axis armies continuted fighting to take it back.  The Axis armies fired many artillery shells at Tobruk and dropped many bombs on the town.

## References
Survivor Series (2005)

**Survivor Series (2005)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on November 27, 2005 at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. It was the 19th Survivor Series event held by WWE.

In the first of two main event matches, John Cena defeated Kurt Angle to keep his WWE Championship. The second main event was a 5-on-5 Survivor Series match, where Team SmackDown! (Batista, Rey Mysterio, John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL), Bobby Lashley, and Randy Orton) defeated Team Raw (Shawn Michaels, Kane, The Big Show, Carlito, and Chris Masters). In another match, Triple H defeated Ric Flair in a Last Man Standing match.

## Matches
### Survivor Series elimination match 
## References
## Other websites
*Official Survivor Series 2005 website
Allsvenskan (disambiguation)

**Allsvenskan** is the highest league of Swedish association football for men.

**Allsvenskan** (*the all Swedish*) is also the name of several Swedish sport leagues:

* Damallsvenskan, highest women's association football league
* Allsvenskan (bandy), highest bandy league for since the 2007–08 season
* Allsvenskan and Elitserien (bandy), highest bandy leagues until the 2007–08 season
* Allsvenskan (men's handball), second highest men's handball league
* Allsvenskan (women's handball), second highest women's handball league
* Allsvenskan (rugby), highest rugby league
* Hockeyallsvenskan, second highest ice hockey league
* Superallsvenskan, defunct ice hockey league
* Allsvenskan play-offs, a Swedish association football cup held to decide the Swedish football champions between 1982 and 1990
Survivor Series (2007)

**Survivor Series (2007)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on November 18, 2007 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. It was the 21st Survivor Series event held by WWE.

In the main event for the SmackDown! brand, Batista defeated The Undertaker in a Hell in a Cell match to keep his World Heavyweight Championship. Raw's main match saw Randy Orton defeat Shawn Michaels to keep his WWE Championship, and in ECW's title match, ECW Champion CM Punk kept his title against John Morrison and The Miz in a Triple Threat match .

## Matches
### Survivor Series elimination match 
## References
## Other websites
*Official Survivor Series 2007 website
Congressional Record

The ***Congressional Record*** is the official record of the United States Congress. It is published by the United States Government Printing Office. It is issued when the United States Congress is in . Indexes are printed about every two weeks. At the end of a session of Congress, the daily editions are assembled into bound volumes creating permanent editions. The Congressional Record is similar to Hansards, which report on the parliamentary debates in the UK's Westminster system of government.

## References
The Great Gatsby (2013 movie)

***The Great Gatsby*** is a drama movie released in 2013. It is based on the novel *The Great Gatsby* by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

The movie was an Australian-American production. It was directed by Baz Luhrmann. The screenplay was written by Luhrmann and Craig Pearce.

The main actors in it are Leonardo DiCaprio, Tobey Maguire, Carey Mulligan, Joel Edgerton and Isla Fisher. This movie also has Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan in a cameo appearance.

## Sources
Extreme Noise Terror

**Extreme Noise Terror** (often abbreviated to ENT) are a British crust punk / grindcore band originally formed in Ipswich, England in 1985. The band are one of the earliest European grindcore bands. They also helped to create the crustgrind subgenre.

They are one of the first hardcore punk bands to use two vocalists. They also recorded a number of sessions for BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel. The band's songs have political lyrics, grinding guitars, and very fast tempos.

## Biography
### Early years
Extreme Noise Terror were formed in early 1985 in Ipswich, England, originally consisting of dual vocalists Dean Jones and Phil Vane, guitarist Pete Hurley, bassist Jerry Clay and drummer Darren Olley aka Pig Killer.

## Members
;Current
* Dean Jones&nbsp;– vocals (1985–present)
* Ollie Jones&nbsp;– guitar (2005–present)
* Michael Hourihan&nbsp;– drums (2008–2011, 2014–present)
* Andi Morris&nbsp;– bass guitar (2012–present)
* Ben McCrow&nbsp;– vocals (2014–present)

;Former

* Phil Vane&nbsp;– vocals (1985–1989, 1989–1996, 1997–1999, 2006–2011; died 2011)
* Pete Hurley&nbsp;– guitar (1985–1995; died 2014)
* Jerry Clay&nbsp;– bass (1985–1988)
* Darren "Pig Killer" Olley&nbsp;– drums (1985–1987, 1993–1995)
* Mick Harris&nbsp;– drums (1987–1988, 2008)
* Tony "Stick" Dickens&nbsp;– drums (1988–1999
Si Brown -drums (1990)
* Mark Gardener&nbsp;– bass (1988)
* Peter (Doom) Nash&nbsp;– bass (1988–1990)
* Spit&nbsp;– vocals (1989)
* Mark Bailey&nbsp;– bass (1990–1994)
* Lee Barrett&nbsp;– bass (1994–1997)
* William A. "Was" Sarginson&nbsp;– drums (1995–1997)

* Ali Firouzbakht (Al Todd)&nbsp;– guitar (1995–2005)
* Mark "Barney" Greenway&nbsp;– vocals (1996–1997)
* Zac O`Neil&nbsp;– drums (1997–2008)
* Manny Cooke&nbsp;– bass (1997–2001)
* Jose Kurt&nbsp;– vocals (1999–2000)
* Adam Catchpole&nbsp;– vocals (2000–2006)
* Stafford Glover&nbsp;– bass (2001–2012)
* Woody&nbsp;– Guitar (2001–2010, 2011–2014)
* Chris 'Chino' Casket&nbsp;– guitar/bass (studio: 2009–2014/live: 2010–2012)
* Roman Matuszewski&nbsp;– vocals (2011–2012)
* Barney Monger&nbsp;– drums (2011–2014)
* John Loughlin&nbsp;– vocals (2012–2014)

## Studio albums 
* A Holocaust in Your Head (1989)
* Retro-bution (1995)
* Damage 381 (1997)
* Being and Nothing (2001)
* Law of Retaliation (2008)
* Extreme Noise Terror (2015)

## References
## Other websites
*
Bohol (island)

**Bohol** is the tenth-largest island of the Philippines and the main island of the Bohol province. It is part of the Region VII (Central Visayas) in the Visayas island group.

The Philippine Tarsier, one of the smallest primate in the world, is one endemic animal of southern Philippines, including the island of Bohol.

## Geography
The island of Bohol has an oval shape and is surrounded by 73 smaller islands; the larger of these small islands are Panglao, in the southwest in front of the city of Tagbilaran, and Lapining, in the northeast.

The main island of Bohol has an area of  and a coastline of . It lies southeast from Cebu Island across the Cebu Strait (sometimes called Bohol Strait) and southwest from Leyte, separated by the Camotes Sea and Canigao Channel. Bohol is also located north of Mindanao with the Bohol Sea or Mindanao Sea between them.

The terrain of Bohol is basically hilly and about half the island is covered in limestone. The interior is a large plateau.

In the centre of the island, mainly in the municipalities of Sagbayan, Batuan and Carmen, are the Chocolate Hills, over 1,270 hills cone-shaped hills over an area of .

The main mountain range of the island is *Sierra Bullones* that is along the south coast. It begins near Loboc, goes to the east and then to the northeast to end near Candijay.  The highest point of this range and in the entire province is Mount Mayana ().

### Rivers
There are four main rivers that flow through Bohol:
* **Loboc** flows from the centre of the island to the southeastern coast.
* **Inabanga**, the largest river of the island, runs in the northwestern part of the province.
* **Abatan** flows in the southwest; and
* **Ipil** river flows in the north.

### Climate
The climate of the island of Bohol is a warm tropical climate (Köppen climate classification *Af*); it is typically hot and wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent.

## Gallery

File:Chocolate Hills Bohol.JPG|Aerial view of Bohol's interior
Bohol Hills, Tree, Philippines.jpg|Bohol Hills
File:Loboc River.jpg|River cruise on the Loboc River
File:Tarsius syrichta.jpg|Philippine Tarsier
File:Church Corella.jpg|Catholic Church in Corella, Bohol
Loboc, Museum of Loboc, Loboc Church, Bohol, Philippines.jpg|Museum of Loboc

## References
## Related pages
* Central Visayas

## Other websites
* Visayan Silent Gardens - Bohol Island 
* Bountiful Bohol 
* Bohol, Philippines - Tourism informations
John Laurie

**John Paton Laurie** (25 March 1897 &ndash; 23 June 1980) was a Scottish actor who was known for his role as James Frazer in the British sitcom ''Dad's Army''. 

Laurie was born on 25 March 1897 in Dumfries, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. He was married three times. He had one daughter. Laurie died on 23 June 1980 in his Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, England home from emphysema, aged 83 His ashes were scattered into the English Channel.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Arnold Ridley

**William Arnold Ridley**, OBE (7 January 1896 – 12 March 1984) was an English playwright and actor. He is known for his play *The Ghost Train* and for playing the elderly Private Charles Godfrey in the British sitcom ''Dad's Army'' (1968–77).

Ridley was born on 7 January 1896 in Bath, Somerset, England. He was married to Althea Parker from 1945 until his death in 1984. Ridley died on 12 March 1984 in Hillington, London, England from complications from a fall, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Arnold Ridley archive at the University of Bristol Theatre Collection, University of Bristol
*performances by Arnold Ridley listed in Theatre Archive, University of Bristol
*Arnold Ridley's appearance on This Is Your Life
Eruption (band)

**Eruption** was a popular disco, R&B and soul band in the 1970s and 1980s. It was created by German producer Frank Farian.

## Discography
### Albums
* 1977: *Eruption*
* 1978: *Leave a Light*
* 1980: *Fight Fight Fight*
* 1983: *Our Way*
* 1994: *Gold 20 Superhits*
* 1995: ''I Can't Stand The Rain''

### Singles
* "Let Me Take You Back In Time" (1976)
* "I Can't Stand The Rain" / "Be Yourself"  (1977)
* "Party Party" (1978)
* "Leave A Light" (1978)
* "One Way Ticket" / "Left Me In The Rain"  (1979)
* "Sweet Side" (1979)
* "Go Johnnie Go" / "Call My Name" (1980)
* "Runaway" / "Good Good Feeling" (1980)
* "You (You Are My Soul)" (1981)
* "Up And Away" (1982)
* "In A Thousand Years" / "We Don't Need Nobody" (1983)
* "I Can't Help Myself" / "It's The Same Old Song" (1983)
* "Joy To The World" / "Time" (1983)
* "Where Do I Begin" (1984)
* "I Can't Stand The Rain '88" (1988)
* "One Way Ticket '94" (1994)
Exclusionary zoning

**Exclusionary zoning** is the use of zoning laws to exclude certain types of people from a . Exclusionary zoning laws began to be used in the United States in the late 19th century. Exclusionary zoning rules are still used today across the country. A common type of exclusionary zoning rule is a minimum  size rule. This type of rule makes it hard for poor families to build a house on a small lot that they could afford. Exclusionary zoning rules make it hard for poor families to find housing in a community.
Ian Lavender

**Arthur Ian Lavender** (16 February 1946 – 2 February 2024), better known as ** Ian Lavender**, was an English stage, movie and television actor. He is best known for his role as Private Frank Pike in the BBC comedy series ''Dad's Army*. He was the last surviving cast member to have played one of the seven main characters within the platoon.

## Early life
Lavender was born in Birmingham, England on 16 February 1946. He studied at the Bournville Boys Technical School and later Bournville Grammar-Technical School for Boys. 

## Career
His first television appearance was as the lead in a Rediffusion play entitled *Half Hour Story: Flowers at my Feet'' in 1968. In 1968, aged 22, Lavender was cast as Private Pike, the youngest member and 'stupid boy' of the platoon in the BBC sitcom ''Dad's Army*. He appeared in the entire run of the series, and in the spinoff movie released in 1971.

Lavender starred in the movie, *31 North 62 East* (released September 2009), an independent psychological thriller starring John Rhys-Davies, Marina Sirtis, Heather Peace and Craig Fairbrass. In August 2013 Lavender made his Edinburgh Fringe debut in a stage version of *The Shawshank Redemption''. His death was announced three days later.

## References
## Other websites
*