open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dhar (surname)

**Dar**  is the name of a Kashmiri tribe. People with the surname Dar are living in different regions in the world, especially in Kashmir, Pakistan, India, and also outside South Asia.These tribes people are mostly located in Kashmir in district Muzaffrabad,Havali, mostly people's are educated in this tribe.Caste of Dar tribe also located in Pakistan in jehulm and Gujranwala. This tribe has many years back history.

## Notable people 
*Farooq Ahmed Dar,JKLF leader
* Abdul Majeed Dar, Hizbul Mujahideen Commander
*Meeraji (born Mohammed Sanaullah Dar), Urdu poet-scholar, considered one of the fathers of modernism in Urdu literature
*Aneek Dhar, Indian singer
*Anuj Dhar, Indian author and journalist
*Birbal Dhar, leader of Kashmiri resistance to Afghan rule
*Divya Dhar
*Durga Prasad Dhar, ambassador of India to the Soviet Union
*Kiran Kumar, Indian actor
*Mirza Pandit Dhar
*Muhammad Ahsan Dar, founder and former Hizbul Mujahideen commander
* Muhammad Nasir Dar, PAF Shaheed
*P. N. Dhar, Principal Secretary to Indira Gandhi
*Sandeepa Dhar, Bollywood actress
*Sheila Dhar, Kashmiri Indian author and singer
*Sudhir Dar (b. 1934), cartoonist
*Ratan Nath Dhar Sarshar, Urdu novelist
*Rumeli Dhar, Indian cricketer
*KSHMR (real name Niles Hollowell-Dhar), Indo-American EDM artist
*Angira Dhar, Indian actress

### Pakistani sportspeople 
*Aleem Dar, Pakistani cricket umpire
*Haroon Rasheed, former Pakistani test cricketer and manager
*Nida Dar, female Pakistani test cricketer 
*Tabarak Dar, Bangkok cricketer 
*Munir Ahmed Dar, field hockey
*Tanvir Dar, field hockey
*Asif Dar, boxer

### Pakistani politicians 
*Ishaq Dar, Pakistani Finance Minister
*Sh Rohail Asghar Dar, Pakistani Member of Parliament
*Kiran Imran Dar, politician and MNA for women from Punjab
Mutation breeding

**Mutation breeding** or **variation breeding** is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation. This will increase the number of mutations in the seed. These seeds can then be crossed with other cultivars to get desirable traits. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds. From 1930 to 2014 more than 3200 mutagenic plant varieties were released. Crop plants account for three quarters of released mutagenic species with the remaining quarter are ornamentals or decorative plants.  Even though the   FAO/IAEA reported in 2014 that over 1,000 mutant varieties of major staple crops were being grown worldwide, it is unclear how many of these varieties are currently used in agriculture or horticulture around the world, as these seeds are not always identified or labeled as a mutagen or having a mutagenic provenance.

## References
6ix9ine

**Daniel Hernandez** (born May 8, 1996), known professionally as **6ix9ine** (pronounced "six nine") and formerly as **Tekashi69**, is an American rapper and songwriter. Hernandez is known for his distinctive rainbow-themed look, tattoos, aggressive style of rapping, public feuds with fellow celebrities, legal issues, and controversial public persona.

Hernandez gained popularity in late 2017 with the release of his first single "Gummo". The song was certified platinum by the RIAA. In early 2018, Hernandez released his first mixtape *Day69*. It debuted at number four on the *Billboard* 200 album chart. He later earned his first top-five entry on the *Billboard* Hot 100 with "Fefe" (featuring Nicki Minaj and Murda Beatz), which peaked at number three. His first studio album *Dummy Boy* was released on November 27, 2018 after being delayed a week earlier due to his arrest. It debuted at number two on the *Billboard* 200 chart.

Hernandez pled guilty to using a 13-year-old child in a sexual performance in 2015. He was arrested in November 2018 on racketeering and firearm charges among others. Hernandez pled guilty to nine charges in February 2019. On December 18, 2019, Hernandez was given a sentence of two years after testifying against the Nine Trey Gang. On March 22, 2020, Hernandez requested to serve prison at home because he is at a higher risk of attracting the COVID-19 due to his asthma.

Hernandez is of Mexican and Puerto Rican descent.

## Discography 
* *Dummy Boy* (2018)
* *TattleTales* (2020)
* *Blackballed* (2024)

## References
Eliot Engel

**Eliot Lance Engel** (; born February 18, 1947) is an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for  from January 3, 2013 until January 3, 2021. Engel was first elected in the House in January 3, 1989. He is a member of the Democratic Party. 

In 1977, Engel entered the special election for a seat in the New York State Assembly.  He was the Liberal Party nominee in the special election, and on March 1, 1977, he defeated Democratic nominee Ted Weinstein and Republican nominee Arlene Siegel.

In the 2020 election, Engel lost the Democratic nomination to school principal Jamaal Bowman in a highly contested primary re-election.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Eliot Engel  official House site
* Eliot Engel for Congress 
* 
* 
* Profile at SourceWatch
* Quotes at BrainyQuote.com
* Engel's War Record Draws Red Flagg 
* Congressional incumbent Engel and challenger Micah Flagg clash over Engel's record
* 2008 congressional screening questionnaire response  from the 504 Democratic Club
José E. Serrano

**José Enrique Serrano** (born October 24, 1943) is an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1990 until 2021. Serrano is a Democrat from New York. 

He is not running for re-election in 2020 due to a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.

## References
## Other websites
*Congressman José E. Serrano  official U.S. House site
*
* 
*Profile  at SourceWatch
*Rep. Jose Serrano: One of Three Congress members to Vote for Immediate U.S. Troop Withdrawal from Iraq, December 1, 2005
T. K. Wetherell

**Thomas Kent Wetherell** (December 22, 1945 – December 16, 2018) was an American politician and educator. He was born in Daytona Beach, Florida. He was a Democrat. Wetherell was the 86th Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives from 1991 to 1992. He was the 13th President of Florida State University from 2003 to 2010.

Wetherell died from complications of prostate cancer on December 16, 2018 in Tallahassee, Florida, aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
*FSU: Office of the President
Ettingen

**Ettingen** is a municipality of the district Arlesheim of the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Greenwood, Louisiana

**Greenwood** is a town in southern Caddo Parish, in the northwest corner of the U.S state of Louisiana. The population was 3,166 at the 2020 census. it is the third most populous municipality in Caddo Parish (after Shreveport and Blanchard).

Greenwood is  west of downtown Shreveport.

## References
Joe Osborn

**Joe Osborn** (August 28, 1937 – December 14, 2018) was an American bass guitar player. He was born in Mound, Louisiana. He was known for his work as a session musician in Los Angeles and Nashville during the 1960s through the 1980s. His playing can be heard on records by such well-known groups as The Mamas & the Papas, The Association, The Grass Roots and The 5th Dimension. 

Osborn can be heard on Simon & Garfunkel's "Bridge over Troubled Water" and the 5th Dimension's version of "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In". He can be heard playing on several of Nancy Sinatra's 1970's recordings and he was the bassist on the 1977 Christian album *Forgiven* by Don Francisco.

Osborn died on December 14, 2018 in Greenwood, Louisiana from pancreatic cancer, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Joe Osborn interview on A&M Corner
Ángela Ponce

**Ángel Mario Ponce Camacho** ( **Ángela Maria Ponce Camacho**) is a Spanish model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won Miss Spain 2018. Ponce made history on June 29, 2018, when she became the first openly out transgender woman to ever be crowned Miss Spain. She represented Spain at Miss Universe 2018, where she became the first openly out transgender contestant competing for the title. She was born in Pilas, Spain.

## References
Middle East Airlines Flight 438

**Middle East Airlines Flight 438,** a Boeing 720B, callsign **CEDAR JET 438**, was flying from Beirut to Abu Dhabi on 1 January 1976, when a bomb exploded in the forward cargo compartment. 

The aircraft broke up at an altitude of  and crashed 37&nbsp;km (23&nbsp;mi) northwest of Al Qaysumah, Saudi Arabia. 81 passengers and crew were killed. The bombers were never identified.

## References
* UK CAA Document CAA 429 World Airline Accident Summary (ICAO Summary 4/76)
Keetmanshoop

**Keetmanshoop** is a city in the Karas Region of southern Namibia, on the Trans-Namib Railway from Windhoek to Upington in South Africa. It is named after Johann Keetman, a German industrialist and benefactor of the city.

The town is in a semi-arid area, normally receiving an annual average rainfall of only , although in 1977  was measured.
## Geography 
### Climate 
Keetmanshoop has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification *BWh*), with long, very hot summers and mild to warm winters. The annual average rainfall is only . Keetmanshoop is one of the sunniest places year-round on the planet with a mean sunshine duration over 3,870 h yearly or 10.7 sunny hours daily or well above 87% of the time. The annual mean temperature is 21.1&nbsp;°C (70.0&nbsp;°F) with a mean annual high of 28.8&nbsp;°C (83.8&nbsp;°F) and a low of 13.3&nbsp;°C (55.9&nbsp;°F). The climate is characterized by sunshine and dryness as well as moderate heat all year long.

The highest temperature yet recorded in Keetmanshoop was 42.8&nbsp;°C (109.0&nbsp;°F) on 8 & 9 January 2012 and the coldest was -2.7&nbsp;°C (27.1&nbsp;°F) on 18 July 1989.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Demi-Leigh Tebow

**Demi-Leigh Tebow** (née **Nel-Peters**; born 28 June 1995) is a South African model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Universe 2017. She was crowned Miss South Africa 2017, and is the second Miss Universe winner from South Africa. 

Nel-Peters married Tim Tebow on 20 January 2020.  On January 14, 2025, they announced their pregnancy.

## References
Christiane Martel

**Christiane Martel** (born **Christiane Magnani**; 18 January 1932) is a French actress and beauty queen. Miss Châtellerault in 1952, she became the second woman to win Miss Universe in 1953. She was the only Frenchwoman holding the Miss Universe title until Iris Mittenaere in 2016.

## Personal Life 
Martel is married to Musician politician Miguel Alemán Velasco.

## References
Armi Kuusela

**Armi Helena Kuusela** (born 20 August 1934) was a Finnish model and beauty queen. In 1952 she won the national beauty contest Suomen Neito. She was presented with a trip to the United States to participate in the first-ever Miss Universe pageant. She is the first Miss Universe titleholder.

## Personal Life
Armi's parents, Aarne Kuusela and Martta Kürö, met in the Canadian province of Ontario, where they soon got married and where their first child was born. 

## Biography 
After spending several years in Canada, they returned to Finland, settling in the town of Muhosa in Northern Ostrobothnia. Martta gave birth to one boy and five girls, one of whom died at the age of two and a half. Martta's fourth daughter was born on August 20, 1934. In 1951, at the age of 17, Armi began attending a women's college in Porvoo. She was fond of swimming, skiing, gymnastics and was going to enter the Faculty of Gymnastics at the University of Helsinki.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Miss Universe website – Past titleholders
Carol Morris

**Carol Ann Laverne Morris** (born April 8, 1936) is an American actress, model and beauty queen. She was the second Miss USA to win the Miss Universe title in the pageant's fifth edition in 1956.  She was born in Omaha, Nebraska. In 1956, she was crowned Miss Iowa USA.

## References
## Other websites
* Miss 2011 - Carol Morris Miss Universe 1956 A Universal International News movie clip.
*
Miriam Stevenson

**Miriam Jacqueline Stevenson** (born July 4, 1933) is an American television host and beauty queen. She was born in Winnsboro, South Carolina. Stevenson won the Miss USA pageant as Miss South Carolina USA in 1954. She was the first Miss USA to hold the Miss Universe crown. She was crowned by Miss Universe 1953, Christiane Martel of France. 

## References
Pia Wurtzbach

**Pia Alonzo Wurtzbach** (; born 24 September 1989) is a Filipina-German beauty pageant titleholder, model and actress. She was crowned Miss Universe 2015 on 20 December 2015. She won the title Miss Universe Philippines 2015 at the Binibining Pilipinas 2015 pageant on 15 March 2015. 

## Personal Life 
She was married to Jeremy Jauncey in Dubai, the founder & CEO of beautiful destination.

## Pageantry 
Pia started joining pageants at the age of 21, and she was the first winner to become a Mutia ti Albay . She became the representative of Albay last Binibining Pilipinas 2013 - 2015.

## References
Winnsboro, South Carolina

**Winnsboro** is a city in Fairfield County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,215 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Fairfield County. Winnsboro is a suburb of Columbia, South Carolina.

## References
Janakinath Bose

**Janakinath Bose** (28 May 1860 – 2 December 1934) was an Indian lawyer and the father of Indian independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose.

## References
Waseca County, Minnesota

**Waseca County** is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 18,968 people lived there. The county seat is Waseca.

## References
Miguel Alemán Velasco

**Miguel Alemán Velasco** (born March 18, 1932) is a Mexican politician, businessman and philanthropist. Alemán Velasco is the son of former Mexican president Miguel Alemán Valdés.

Alemán Velasco was the 57th Governor of Veracruz from 1998 to 2004. He is a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He sought his party's nomination for the 2006 presidential election during the first months of 2005.

## Personal Life 
He is married to former Miss Universe and actress Christiane Martel.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* Revista Líderes Mexicanos: Miguel Alemán
* Miguel Aleman
Yotta-

**Yotta** is the third largest decimal unit prefix in the metric system, denoting a factor of  1024 or ; that is, one million million million million, or one septillion. It has the unit symbol **Y**. The prefix name is derived from the Ancient Greek  (), meaning "eight", because it is equal to 1,0008. It was added as an SI prefix to the International System of Units (SI) in 1991.

Usage examples:
*The mass of the Earth is 5,972.6&nbsp;Yg.
*The mass of the oceans is about 1.4&nbsp;Yg.
*The total power output of the Sun is approximately 385&nbsp;YW.
*The observable universe is estimated to be 880&nbsp;Ym in diameter.
*One yottabyte (YB) is a unit of digital information or information storage capacity  that contains one septillion bytes or 1,000 zettabytes.  The yobibyte (YiB) is a related unit that uses a binary prefix, and means 1,0248 bytes, which is approximately 1.2 septillion bytes.

## Related pages
*Metric prefix
*Googol

## References
## Other websites
*BIPM website
Schönenbuch

**Schönenbuch** is a municipality of the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Aesch, Basel-Landschaft

**Aesch** is a municipality in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland. It is in the Arlesheim district.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Laufen District

**Laufen District** () is one of the five districts in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland. The capital is the town of Laufen. As of 31 March 2017, 19,949 people lived there.

The district has 13 municipalities:
* Blauen
* Brislach
* Burg im Leimental
* Dittingen
* Duggingen
* Grellingen
* **Laufen**
* Liesberg
* Nenzlingen
* Roggenburg
* Röschenz
* Wahlen
* Zwingen
Arlesheim District

**Arlesheim District** is one of the five districts in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland. The capital is Arlesheim. As of 31 March 2017, 156,222 people lived there.

The district has 15 municipalities:
* Aesch
* Allschwil
* **Arlesheim**
* Biel-Benken
* Binningen
* Birsfelden
* Bottmingen
* Ettingen
* Münchenstein
* Muttenz
* Oberwil
* Pfeffingen
* Reinach
* Schönenbuch
* Therwil
Liestal District

**Liestal District** is one of the five districts in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland. The capital is the city of Liestal, which is also the capital of the canton of Basel-Landschaft. As of 31 March 2017, 60,655 people lived there.

The district has 14 municipalities:
* Arisdorf
* Augst
* Bubendorf
* Frenkendorf
* Füllinsdorf
* Giebenach
* Hersberg
* Lausen
* **Liestal**
* Lupsingen
* Pratteln
* Ramlinsburg
* Seltisberg
* Ziefen
Sissach District

**Sissach District** is one of the five districts in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland. The capital is Sissach. As of 31 March 2017, 35,743 people lived there.

The district has 29 municipalities:
* Anwil
* Böckten
* Buckten
* Buus
* Diepflingen
* Gelterkinden
* Häfelfingen
* Hemmiken
* Itingen
* Känerkinden
* Kilchberg
* Läufelfingen
* Maisprach
* Nusshof
* Oltingen
* Ormalingen
* Rickenbach
* Rothenfluh
* Rümlingen
* Rünenberg
* **Sissach**
* Tecknau
* Tenniken
* Thürnen
* Wenslingen
* Wintersingen
* Wittinsburg
* Zeglingen
* Zunzgen
Waldenburg District

**Waldenburg District** is one of the five districts in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland. The capital is Waldenburg. As of 31 March 2017, 16,091 people lived there.

The district has 15 municipalities:
* Arboldswil
* Bennwil
* Bretzwil
* Diegten
* Eptingen
* Hölstein
* Lampenberg
* Langenbruck
* Lauwil
* Liedertswil
* Niederdorf
* Oberdorf
* Reigoldswil
* Titterten
* **Waldenburg**
Basnet

**Basnet** () with ancient spelling **Basnyat** () is a surname belonging to Kshetri caste in Nepal.

## Basnet clans
Some of the Basnet clans are *Shreepali Basnet*, *Khapatari Basnet*, *Khulal Basnet*, *Lamichhane Basnet* and others.
### Shreepali Basnet
Shreepali Basnet is clan among Basnet. They claim Bharadwaj Gotra. This clan was politically significant than other Basnet clans. Shivaram Singh Basnyat, the commander of Gorkhali forces belonged to Shreepali Basnet clan. Abhiman Singh Basnet was a minister of Kshetri caste.

### Khapatari Basnet
Khapatari/Khabatari Basnet is another clan among Basnets. They claim Kaushik Gotra. Khabatari claim their lineage to Raghuvanshi King Ram. Some of the Khabatari Basnets were warriors in the Nepalese Army. Colonel Pahalman Singh Basnyat of this clan was awarded with the title of "Shree 1" prefix. General Singha Bahadur Basnyat, the Chief of Nepalese Army belonged to this clan.

## References
Chinook Jargon

**Chinook Jargon** is a nearly extinct North American indigenous language.

The U.S. state of Washington uses the Chinook Jargon phrase *Al-ki* (English: "By and by") as its state motto.
Churchill County, Nevada

**Churchill County** is a county in the western U.S. state of Nevada. In 2020, 25,516 people lived there. The county seat is Fallon.

## References
Sky Living

**Sky Living** is a British pay television channel that began broadcasting on September 1, 1993 as **UK Living.** Pior to the channel, in 1997, when the BBC and Flextech launched The UKTV Network: UK Arena, UK Style, and UK Gold, it was decided that UK Living would remain a seperate channel, which it did in November 1997. On 1 February 2011, The Channel was renamed as Sky Living, which includes shows such as Border Security UK. The channel did not move to Channel 107 for Sky+HD customers so the channel was still placed on channel 112.

However, The Channel was later renamed *Sky Witness* on 6 August 2018. At the same time, it moved from channel 112 to Channel 107. The channel includes shows including Road Wars, Firefighters, Motorway Patrol, Children's Hospital, and Border Security USA.
Douglas County, Nevada

**Douglas County** is a county in the state of Nevada in the United States. In 2020, 49,488 people lived there. The county seat is Minden.

## References
Selsey

**Selsey** is a seaside town and civil parish, about eight miles (12&nbsp;km) south of Chichester in West Sussex, England. Selsey is at the southernmost point of the Manhood Peninsula, almost cut off from mainland Sussex by the sea. It is bounded to the west by Bracklesham Bay, to the north by Broad Rife (*rife* being the local word for stream or creek), to the east by Pagham Harbour and ends in the south at Selsey Bill. There are significant rock formations beneath the sea off both of its coasts, named the Owers rocks and Mixon rocks. Coastal erosion has been an ever-present problem for Selsey.

The B2145 is the only road in and out of the town crossing a bridge over the water inlet at Pagham Harbour at a point known as "the ferry". At one time Selsey was  inaccessible at flood tide, and a boat was stationed at the ferry to take horses and passengers to and from Sidlesham.
## Climate
Selsey's climate is classified as warm and temperate. Although Selsey is the sunniest place in the UK, there is rainfall throughout the year and even the driest month still has rain.  Probably the most problematic climatic hazard is wind. The town is in an area where tornadoes and waterspouts are common. A tornado in 1986 damaged 200 houses and cut a swathe 70 metres wide.  Another tornado in 1998 left an estimated £10m of destruction and damaged Patrick Moore's observatory.

The warmest recorded temperature in Selsey between 1981 and 2010 was 29.0°C on 10 July 1995 and the coldest was -8.6°C on 7 February 1991.	

## References
Eureka, Nevada

**Eureka** is an unincorporated town and census-designated place in the U.S. state of Nevada. It is the county seat of Eureka County.

It is the birthplace of the CIA spy, Tony Mendez. 

## References
Nobles County, Minnesota

**Nobles County** is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 22,290 people lived there. The county seat is Worthington.

## References
Denia

out to sea]]

**Dénia** (;  ), is a historical coastal city in the province of Alicante, Spain. It is on the Costa Blanca halfway between Alicante and Valencia. It is  the capital and judicial seat of the *comarca* of Marina Alta. , 41,672 people live there.

## Climate
Dénia has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen *Csa*), with mild and short winters and hot and long summers. The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is , while the average temperature of the hottest month (August) is . The city enjoys around 3,000 sunshine hours per year.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Denia was 42°C (108°F) and the lowest was -4°C (24°F) on 5 December 2017.

## Twin towns 
* Cholet, France

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Uno, Dos:Bandera

***Uno, Dos:Bandera*** is the third studio album by Mexican hip hop group, Control Machete. *Uno, Dos:Bandera* was released on November 11, 2003. 

## Songs
# Bandera
# Bien Bien
# Como Ves (featuring Ana Tijoux)
# Paciencia
# Toda La Casa
# Nostalgia
# En El Camino (featuring Caballeros del Plan G & Sekreto)
# El Apostador (featuring Natalia Lafourcade
# De
# Ahora (featuring Randy Ebright of Molotov)
# Nociones
# Verbos (Respirar)
#El Genio del Dub

## References
Curb Your Enthusiasm

***Curb Your Enthusiasm*** is an American television sitcom. It is produced by HBO. It premiered on October 15, 2000. The series was created by comedian Larry David, as a fictional version of himself. It follows him as a TV writer and producer in Los Angeles, though for one season he is in New York City. It also stars Cheryl Hines as Larry's wife, Jeff Garlin as his manager and best friend, Jeff, and Susie Essman as Jeff's wife, Susie. It is based on a 1999 hour-long special, *Larry David: Curb Your Enthusiasm*, produced for HBO by David.

It is filmed in cinéma vérité style, meaning the characters know the camera is there, and add it into the acting style. David wrote outlines for the plots; the cast improvised the dialogue.

After the eighth season ended in September 2011, *Curb Your Enthusiasm* went on a hiatus. The series returned with a ninth season in October 2017, and is now broadcasting its twelfth and final season.

## References
Harry W. Shlaudeman

, 1984]]
**Harry Walter Shlaudeman** (May 17, 1926 – December 5, 2018) was an American diplomat. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He worked as an ambassador during the Ford, Carter, Reagan and Bush Sr. presidencies. He was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1992.

Shlaudeman was an Ambassador to Venezuela from 1975 to 1976, to Peru from 1977 to 1980, to Argentina from 1980 to 1983, to Brazil from 1986 to 1989 and to Nicaragua from 1990 to 1992. 

Shlaudeman died on December 5, 2018 in San Luis Obispo, California, at the age of 92.

## References
Edmond Simeoni

**Edmond Simeoni** (6 August 1934 – 14 December 2018) was a French politician. He was born in Corte, Corsica, France. From 1981 to 1992, he was a member of the Corsican Assembly. He resigned in 1992 due to his controversial support of the militant group National Liberation Front of Corsica. Simeoni was a known nationalist.

He was re-elected to the assembly in 2003. He would serve until his death in 2018.

Simeoni died at a hospital in Ajaccio, Corsica from heart failure on 14 December 2018, aged 84.

## References
Milunka Lazarević

in Lucerne 1982]]
**Milunka Lazarević** (1 December 1932 – 15 December 2018) was a Serbian chess player and journalist. She was the most known female player of Yugoslavia and became a contender for the Women's World Chess Championship. Lazarevic qualified as a Woman International Master in 1954 and a Woman Grandmaster in 1976. She was awarded the International Arbiter title in 1970.

Lazarević was born in Šantarovac, Yugoslavia. She died on 15 December 2018 at the age of 86.

## References
Elmira Minita Gordon

**Dame Elmira Minita Gordon** (30 December 1930 &ndash; 1 January 2021) was a Belizean politician. She was the first Governor General of Belize from its independence in 1981 until her retirement in 1993. Gordon was the only woman to have been Governor General of Belize. Gordon was replaced by Colville Young.

Gordon died on 1 January 2021 at her home in Los Angeles, California, just two days after her 90th birthday.

## References
Manuel Esquivel

**Sir Manuel Amadeo Esquivel**, KCMG, PC (2 May 1940 &ndash; 10 February 2022) is a Belizean politician. He was the leader of the United Democratic Party from 1983 to 30 August 1998. As Leader of the United Democratic Party, Esquivel was Prime Minister of Belize first from 17 December 1984 to 7 September 1989, and then again from 3 July 1993 to 30 August 1998.

He died on 10 February 2022, aged 81.

## References
Mineral County, Nevada

**Mineral County** is a county in the state of Nevada in the United States. In 2020, 4,554 people lived there. The county seat is Hawthorne.

## References
Harding County

**Harding County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Harding County, New Mexico
* Harding County, South Dakota
Storey County, Nevada

**Storey County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, 4,104 people lived there. The county seat is Virginia City.

## References
In the Heights

***In the Heights*** is a musical. Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote its music and lyrics. The story happens during three days. The story mainly happens in the mostly Hispanic-American neighborhood of Washington Heights in New York City.

After a 2005 tryout in Waterford, Connecticut and a 2007 Off-Broadway run, the show opened on Broadway in March 2008. It was nominated for thirteen Tony Awards and won four, including the 2008 Best Musical, Best Original Score, and Best Choreography awards. A movie version of the musical was released in June 2021.
Geetha Salam

**Abdul Salam**, known by his stage name **Geetha Salam**, (9 October 1946 – 19 December 2018) was an Indian actor. He was known for his Malayalam movies *Malabar Wedding*, *Jalolsavam* (2004) and *John Paul Vaathil Thurakkunnu* (2014). He performed in about 82 movies and some TV shows. He was born in Oachira, Kerala, India.

Salam died on 19 December 2018 at the age of 72.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Adams County, Idaho

**Adams County** is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 4,379. The county seat and largest city is Council. The county was founded in 1911 and was named in honor of President John Adams.

## Communities 
### Cities
*Council
*New Meadows

### Unincorporated communities
* Bear
* Beer Bottle Crossing
* Cuprum
* Evergreen
* Fruitvale
* Goodrich
* Indian Valley
* Meadows
* Mesa
* Tamarack - (not Tamarack Resort in Valley Co.)

## References
Earliest known life forms

The **earliest known life forms** found on Earth are fossils of microorganisms in 3.46 billion year old rocks in Western Australia.  Life forms, as microorganisms, may have lived much earlier. 

The earliest time that life forms first appeared on Earth is unknown. Life forms may have existed as early as 4.28 billion years ago, not long after the oceans were formed 4.41 billion years ago. That is not long after the formation of the Earth 4.54 billion years ago.

A life form, or lifeform, is an organism that is living. Estimates of the number of species of life forms on Earth range from 14 million, to as many as 1 trillion species. More than 99% of all species of life forms that have ever lived on Earth are thought to be extinct. Life forms may be found everywhere on Earth. This includes underground, possibly at least 12 miles deep underground, and the deepest parts of the oceans. Life can be found at least 47 miles high in the atmosphere and, under test conditions, it survives the vacuum of outer space.
 
According to one researcher, "You can find microbes everywhere  [they are] extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are".

## Earliest life forms 
Fossil evidence is at the basis of most studies about the origin of life. The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years; the best evidence of early life on Earth dates from at least 3.46 billion years ago.

Also in 2017, evidence of life on land may have been found in 3.48 billion-year-old rocks, discovered in Western Australia, that are usually found around hot springs and geysers.

In November 2017, a study by the University of Edinburgh suggested that life on Earth may have originated from biological particles carried by streams of space dust.

Nonetheless, according to biologist Stephen Blair Hedges, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth … then it could be common in the universe."

## Gallery 

File:Stromatolites in Sharkbay.jpg|Stromatolites may have been made by microbes.
File:Stromatolites.jpg|Stromatolites left behind by microbes are one of the oldest fossils of life.
File:Cyanobacterial-algal mat.jpg|The microbe-algal mat, salty lake on the White Sea seaside.
File:Runzelmarken.jpg|Sedimentary structures formed by microbes near an ocean beach.
File:Kinneyia Grimsby Silurian Niagara Gorge.jpg|Structures formed by microbes near the Niagara Gorge, NY.

## Related pages 
* Astrobiology
* Extraterrestrial life
* Extremophile
* Stromatolite
* Life timeline
* Last universal common ancestor
* Oldest dated rocks
* Panspermia

## References
Said Musa

**Said Wilbert Musa** (born 19 March 1944) is a Belizean lawyer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Belize from 28 August 1998 to 8 February 2008.

## References
Prime Minister of Nepal

The **prime minister of Nepal**, officially the **prime minister of the Federal Republic of Nepal** (), is the head of the executive branch of the federal government of Nepal. The prime minister chairs the meetings of the Council of Ministers of Nepal and heads the federal cabinet. The office holder is usually the head of the party that holds a majority in the House of Representatives

The residence of prime minister of Nepal is in Baluwatar, Kathmandu. The seat of the prime minister is Singha Darbar since the time of Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. The basic monthly salary of the prime minister of Nepal is NPR 100,000. The prime minister of Nepal does not have a term limit.

The current prime minister is Balen Shah since 27 March 2026. He was nominated prime minister after his party won a majority in the 2026 Nepalese general election.

## List
## References
K. P. Sharma Oli

**Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli** (born 22 February 1952) is a Nepalese politician. He is the former Prime Minister of Nepal. He is one of the two Chairmen of the Nepal Communist Party, formed by the union of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre). 

Oli also was prime minister from 11 October 2015 to 3 August 2016 and was the first elected  prime minister under the newly adopted Constitution of Nepal. He was removed from office in July 2021 after a court found that his tenure was illegal.

On 9 September 2025, he resigned amidst the 2025 Nepalese Gen Z protests, which forced him to step down and paved way for the collapse of the Nepali government.

## References
Bidya Devi Bhandari

**Bidhya Devi Bhandari** (; born 19 June 1961) is a Nepalese politician. She is the 2nd and current President of Nepal and commander in chief of Nepalese Armed Forces.  She is the first woman to hold the office.

## References
Guy Standing

**Guy Standing** (born 9 February 1948) is a British professor of Development Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, and helped start Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN).

Standing has written about labour economics, unemployment, basic income and democracy. He wrote the book *The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class* in 2011.

## Honors 
* Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS).

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* Le précariat: "une classe en devenir", interview for French web magazine*Basta!*, October 2012
* , February 2012
* , July 2013
Ram Baran Yadav

**Ram Baran Yadav** (born 4 February 1948) is a Nepalese politician and physician. He was the 1st President of Nepal  following the declaration of a republic in 2008. He was president from 23 July 2008 to 29 October 2015.

Yadav was Minister of State for Health in the 1991&ndash;1994 Nepali Congress government. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1999.

## References
Swing music

**Swing music**, or simply **Swing**, is a kind of Jazz music that developed in the 1920s and 1930s. Swing was mostly popular, because it had tunes that were easy to dance to, and not because it sounded good. Swing developed in the United States, from earlier movements such as Dixieland Jazz or Chicago Jazz. In Swing, musicians made compromises to make the music popular. Yet, swing had its own merits. Some notable swing artist included Cab Calloway. 

Swing is also connected with the development of Big bands. Until then, Jazz music had been played in small groups, of 2-3 to 8 people, Wth the Big Band, more people played. The bigger size meant that people had to change the way they played the music, but it also gave new opportunities.

Swing was most popular in the 1930s and 1940s. At first, it was developed and played by African Americans. Later, white people copied the style, and in the end, most Swing players were white.

## References
Girija Prasad Koirala

Nepal Ratna **Girija Prasad Koirala** ( ; 4 July 1924 – 20 March 2010), was a Nepalese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Nepal four times, including from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and from 2006 to 2008. 

He was the Acting Head of State of Nepal between January 2007 and July 2008 as the country became a republic.

## References
Winifred Griffin

**Winifred Clare** "**Winkie**" **Ashby** (née **Griffin**, 17 November 1932 – 11 December 2018) was a New Zealand freestyle swimmer. In the 1950 British Empire Games, she won the silver medal as part of the 4 x 110 yards freestyle relay. She also competed in the 440 and 110 yards freestyle at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.

## References
Francis Roache

**Francis Michael Roache** (August 3, 1936 – December 17, 2018) was an American policeman and politician. He was the Boston Police Commissioner from 1985 to 1993, was a member of the Boston City Council from 1996 to 2002, and was Suffolk County Register of Deeds from 2002 to 2015. He ran for Mayor of Boston in 1993.

Roache was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Boston State College. Roache died on December 17, 2018 in Boston, at the age of 82.

## References
Rona Ramon

**Rona Ramon** (16 April 1964 – 17 December 2018) was an Israeli public activist. She was a supporter of the education and advancement of youth in Israel through STEM. 

## Early life and education
Rona Ramon was born in Kiryat Ono, on April 16, 1964, to Yaacov and Gila Bar Siman-Tov. Her parents emigrated from Turkey as part of the Youth Aliyah when they were 15 years old. As a youth, Rona volunteered in the Scouts movement. She served as a paramedic during her army service.

## Work
## Honors
As part of Israel 's 68th Independence Day celebrations, Rona Ramon held a torch at the annual torch lighting ceremony at Mount Herzl.  In June 2018 she was awarded an honorary fellowship by the Technion, in recognition of her many years of work and contribution to Israeli Society. 

## Family
She was the widow of Israeli air force Colonel Ilan Ramon, the only Israeli astronaut, who was killed in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. The couple had four children, the eldest age 15 when they were orphaned.  Assaf, the eldest son, followed his father in joining the air force and became a pilot. Shortly after completing his course, he was killed in a training accident, crashing his F16 fighter jet. This was six years after his father's death. Assaf Ramon was promoted to the rank of Captain upon his death.

## Death
Ramon died at the age of 54 from pancreatic cancer on 17 December 2018.

## References
Lu Jintang

**Lu Jintang** (Chinese: 卢金堂; pinyin: Lú Jīntáng;1910 – March 16, 1986) was a Chinese politician and educator. Lu joined the Communist Party of China in June 1930, and he was the guerrilla leader of the Communist Party of China in Gaocheng during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Lu was the Principal of Hebei Zhengding High School (1947-1950) and the president of Hebei Beijing Normal College (today's Hebei Normal University) before the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Lu later served as the Direct of the Bureau of Education of Baoding city government and the first principal of Experimental Middle School attached to Hebei Normal University (1956-1966).

He was also a member of the first, second and third of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress.

His wife, Ma Lantian died during the World War Two. His son, Lu Jintang, born in 1940, is a retired professor who lives in Baoding city, Hebei province.

## References
Julie Gonzalo

**Julieta Susana** "**Julie**" **Gonzalo** (; born September 9, 1981) is an Argentine-American actress and producer. She was born in Buenos Aires. She starred as Pamela Rebecca Barnes in the TNT drama series *Dallas* (2012–14).

Gonzalo is also known for her roles in movies, including *Freaky Friday*, *A Cinderella Story*, and *Christmas with the Kranks*, and on television series *Veronica Mars* and *Eli Stone*.

## References
## Other websites
*
David C. H. Austin

**David Charles Henshaw Austin**  (16 February 1926 – 18 December 2018) was an English rose breeder and writer. His work was impacting on breeding roses with the character and fragrance of old garden roses (such as gallicas, damasks and alba roses). In 2010, he was named a "Great Rosarian of the World".

Austin was born in Wolverhampton, England and died on 18 December 2018 in Shropshire, England at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*David Austin Roses
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner

**Wile E. Coyote** and the **Road Runner** are fictional characters from the *Looney Tunes* and *Merrie Melodies* cartoon series. In the cartoons, the Coyote repeatedly tries to catch the Road Runner. However, the Road Runner runs very fast. That means the Coyote never gets the Road Runner.

Instead of his animal instincts, the Coyote uses complex traps to get his prey. They don't work, and often hurt the Coyote instead. Many of these traps are mail-ordered from companies named Acme.

The characters were made by writer Michael Maltese and animation director Chuck Jones in 1948. They were made for the Warner Bros. network.

It was originally meant to parody chase cartoons, like *Tom and Jerry*. It became popular in its own right.

The Coyote and the Road Runner were in a number of video games on Atari, the Nintendo Entertainment System and the PlayStation.

## References
Alex Badeh

**Alex Sabundu Badeh** (November  7, 1957 – December 18, 2018) was a Nigerian politician and general. He was a four star flag officer of the Nigerian Air force. He was the 18th Chief of Air Staff and the 15th Chief of Defence Staff of the armed forces of Nigeria from 2014 to 2015.

Badeh was shot dead while driving near Abuja on December 18, 2018 at the age of 61.

## References
Steve Daskewisz

**Steve Daskewisz** (March 14, 1944 &ndash; December 18, 2018) was an American actor and stuntman. He was known for his role as a stunt double supporting the serial killer Jason Voorhees in the movie *Friday the 13th Part 2*. He had small roles in *Wolfen* and *The Jazz Singer*.

Daskewisz died on December 18, 2018 in West Palm Beach, Florida from complications of diabetes, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kazimierz Kutz

**Kazimierz Julian Kutz** (16 February 1929 – 18 December 2018) was a Polish movie director, author, journalist and politician. He was born in Katowice, Poland. His best known director works were *Salt of the Black Earth*, *Pearl in the Crown* and *Reverted*. From 1997 to 2009, Kutz was a Deputy Senator.

Kutz died on 18 December 2018 in Warsaw from respiratory failure at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Official webpage 
* Kutz's biography on the page of the Senate of Poland
* 
*Kazimierz Kutz at Culture.pl
* A Kind Mocker: Kazimierz Kutz's 10 Most Important Works at Culture.pl
Peter Masterson

**Peter Masterson** (June 1, 1934 &ndash; December 19, 2018) was an American actor, movie director, producer and playwright. He was born in Houston, Texas. He was known for writing the musical *The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas*. Her daughter is Mary Stuart Masterson.

His acting roles include *Ambush Bay* (1966), *In the Heat of the Night* (1967), *Counterpoint* (1968), *Von Richthofen and Brown* (1971), *Tomorrow* (1972), *The Exorcist* (1973), *Man on a Swing* (1974) and *Gardens of Stone* (1987). In 1978, he won the Drama Desk Award.

Masterson died on December 19, 2018 after suffering a fall at his home in Kinderhook, New York, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bill Slater (footballer)

**William John Slater**,  (29 April 1927 – 18 December 2018),  also commonly known as **W. J. Slater**, was an English professional footballer. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Slater made the majority of his appearances for Wolverhampton Wanderers from 1952 to 1963. He won three league championships and the FA Cup. From 1954 to 1960, he played for the England national football team.

Slater died on 18 December 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease in Brentford, Middlesex, aged 91.

## References
## Other websites
*Wolverhampton Wanderers profile
Theory of forms

The **Theory of forms** is a philosophical idea held by the famous Greek philosopher Plato. Plato believed that behind every single thing in our world there is a **form**, which is the true eternal essence of that thing. 

We can explain this view with an example. In the world, there are many different horses: big horses and small horses, grey horses and white horses, old horses and young horses and so forth.  According to Plato, each horse is an imperfect copy of the horse 'form', the one true horse. In other words, they are all imitations of the perfect horse. Plato uses shadows as an analogy: Like a tree forms a shadow, the tree itself is a shadow of the 'form', the one true tree. The Theory of forms applies not only to physical objects but also to abstract concepts such as beauty, anger, good and evil.

Platonic idealism also explains that it is impossible for us to perceive these forms through our senses, like our sense of hearing or sense of seeing. The only way we can truly understand a form is through the use of logic and mathematics. Through mathematics, we have discovered the form of the triangle: a polygon with 3 sides. However, we will never be able to truly see with our eyes such a triangle. Even if we tried to draw it on a whiteboard with a ruler, its lines will never be perfectly straight and two-dimensional.
Costa Mesa

**Costa Mesa** is a city in Orange County, California. This place became a city in 1953. It was a farming community with 16,840 people. It has become a suburban and edge city with an economy based on retail, commerce, and manufacturing. The population was 111,918 at the 2020 United States Census.

## Climate
Costa Mesa has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification *BSh*) with warm temperatures year round. Rain falls mostly in the winter. There is almost no rain during the summer. Morning low clouds and fog are common because it is by the coast.

The highest recorded temperature since 1989, in Costa Mesa was 45°C (113°F) in June 2016 and the lowest was -1°C (30°F) in December 1990 and January 2007.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* City of Costa Mesa Chamber of Commerce
* City of Costa Mesa official Conference & Visitor Bureau
Bannock County, Idaho

**Bannock County** is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, 87,018 people lived there, making it the sixth-most populous county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Pocatello.

## Communities 
### Cities 
*Arimo
*Chubbuck
*Downey
*Inkom
*Lava Hot Springs
*McCammon
*Pocatello (partially in Power County)

### Census-designated places 
*Fort Hall (part)
*Tyhee

### Unincorporated communities 
*Swanlake
*Virginia
*Robin

## References
Owyhee County, Idaho

**Owyhee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, 11,913 people lived there. The county seat is Murphy, and largest city is Homedale. In area, it is the second-largest county in Idaho, after Idaho County.

## Communities 
### Cities 
* Grand View
* Homedale
* Marsing

### Census-designated place 
* Bruneau
* Murphy

### Unincorporated communities 
* Claytonia
* Dickshooter
* Murphy Hot Springs
* Oreana
* Reynolds
* Riddle

### Ghost towns 
* Comical Turn
* De Lamar
* Dewey
* Grasmere
* Ruby City
* Silver City
* Wickahoney

## References
President of Nepal

The **President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal** (, *Nēpālakō rāṣṭrapati*) is the head of state of Nepal and commander in chief of the Nepalese Armed Forces. The office was created in May 2008 after the country was declared as a republic. 

The first President of Nepal was Ram Baran Yadav. The current president is Ram Chandra Poudel elected in March 2023. 

## List of presidents
## References
Benewah County, Idaho

**Benewah County** is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, 9,530 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is St. Maries, which has some area inside the Coeur d'Alene Reservation.

## Communities 
### Cities 
*Plummer
*St. Maries
*Tensed

### Census-designated places 
* De Smet
* Fernwood
* Parkline

### Unincorporated communities 
* Emida
* Renfrew
* Santa

## References
Sleepy Hollow, New York

**Sleepy Hollow** is a village in the town of Mount Pleasant, in Westchester County, New York. The village is located on the east bank of the Hudson River. It is about  north of New York City. The population of the village at the 2020 census was 9,986.

## References
Mount Pleasant, New York

**Mount Pleasant** is a town in Westchester County, New York. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 44,436.

The John D. Rockefeller Estate, located here, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 as a National Historic Landmark.

Mount Pleasant is located about 27 miles north of Manhattan. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 16.3%, is water.

## References