open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gran Torino

***Gran Torino*** is a 2008 American drama movie produced by Clint Eastwood, who also starred in the movie. The movie co-stars Christopher Carley, Bee Vang, John Carroll Lynch and Ahney Her. This was Eastwood's first starring role since 2004's *Million Dollar Baby*. It is set in Highland Park, Michigan.

The movie is about Walt Kowalski, a recently widowed Korean War veteran who is left alone by his family and angry at the world. Walt's young neighbor, Thao Vang Lor, is pressured by his cousin into stealing Walt's 1972 Ford Gran Torino to be part of a local gang. Walt stops the theft and later becomes friends with the boy and his family.

*Gran Torino* was released on January 9, 2009. The movie had strong positive reviews.

## References
Mangalya Dosham

***Mangalya Dosham***, *Mangalya Dhosham* or **Mangalya Sandhosham**, is an Indian Tamil language television show.  It is a horror and thriller drama.  It aired on Colors TamilThe series starred Lakshmipriya, Arun Padmanabhan and Ravi Tej. It is a supernatural story based on the movie Arundhati.

This series had more than 100 episodes. Then Colors Tamil and the series team decided change the name of the show from ***Mangalya Dosham*** to ***Mangalya Sandhosham***'

## Plot
A Zamindar family lives in Manikkapuram. A commoner named Raghuvaran was in love with Zamindar's daughter Nayanthara. But when Raghuvaran proposed this idea to the courtiers, they threw him out. Nayanthara married someone else.  On her wedding day, the groom tied the sacred thread on Nayanthara, but that night, Raghuvaran killed the groom. Raghuvaran was caught and executed by hanging. Before he died, Raghuvaran promised that in every lifetime he would follow Nayanthara to get her marry him.

After many years, Nayanthara was reincarnated and reborn as Nithya who is born with Mangalya Dosha from her previous birth. She is a Bharathanatyam dancer. Tarun is a doctor who falls in love with Nithya at first sight. Raghuvaran comes as a ghost who haunts Nithya in many ways. Tarun and Nithya's agree to get married, but Deepika doesn't want Nithya to marry Tarun, so she tries to separate them. The rest of the story shows Nithya and Tarun trying to live together even though the of Raghuvaran does not want them to.

## Cast
* Lakshmipriya in a dual role as
** Nithya - a Bharathanatyam dancer and Tarun's love interest and became wife (Present)
** Nayanthara - Zamindar's daughter and Raghuvaran love interest (Past)   
* Ravi Tej as Raghuvaran 
** A Ghost and he comes to haunts Nithya (Present)
** A commoner and he killed by Nayanthara (Past)
* Arun Padmanabhan as Tarun
** Nithya's husband and he get possessed by the ghost Raghuvaran 
 
### Recurring 
* Keerthi Vijay as Deepika
* KS Suchitra / Smrithi / Usha as Sulochana
* Sai Gopi / Rajesh as Aarumugam, Tarun's father
* Sumi Sreekumar as Mridhula
* Raveena Daha as Baakiya
* V. Dasarathy as Kodi
* Neelakandan as Prathap
* Egavalli as Shubha
* Varun Udhay as Aravind

## References 
## Other websites
* Colors Tamil Official Facebook in Tamil
* Colors Tamil Official Youtube Channel
Michael Wynne

**Michael Walter Wynne** (born September 4, 1944) is an American politician and businessman. He was the 21st United States Secretary of the Air Force between 2005 to 2008.

He was forced to resign because of the 2007 United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident and the mistaken shipment of Minuteman III parts to Taiwan in 2006.

## References
Hiroh Kikai

was a Japanese photographer. He was born in Sagae, Yamagata Prefecture.

He was best known within Japan for four series of monochrome photographs: scenes of buildings in and close to Tokyo, portraits of people in the Asakusa area of Tokyo, and rural and town life in India and Turkey. 

Kikai died of lymphoma on 19 October 2020 at the age of 75.

## Notes
## References
Maurice Houdayer

**Maurice Houdayer** (18 July 1931 &ndash; 1 October 2020) was a French rower. He competed at the 1956 European Rowing Championships in Bled, Yugoslavia, with the men's eight where they won the silver medal. 

He was part of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne with the men's eight, finishing in eighth place.

Houdayer died on 1 October 2020 at the age of 89.

## References
Jana Andresíková

**Jana Andresíková** (2 April 1941 &ndash; 19 October 2020) was a Czech actress. Andresíková was born in Kroměříž, Czech Republic. She was known for her roles in *The Young Man and Moby Dick* (1979), *Giorgino* (1994) and *Arabela* (1979–1981). 

Andresíková died on 19 October 2020 from COVID-19 in Mělník, Czech Republic at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sergei Bondarchuk

**Sergei Fedorovich Bondarchuk**  (; ; Ukrainian: Сергі́й Фе́дорович Бондарчу́к, *Serhiy Fedorovych Bondarchuk*; 25 September 192020 October 1994) was a Soviet and Russian actor, movie director, and screenwriter. He is known for his historical dramas such as the 4-part movie version of Leo Tolstoy's *War and Peace* and the Napoleonic War epic *Waterloo*.

## References
The Devil All the Time (movie)

***The Devil All the Time*** is a 2020 American psychological thriller movie directed by Antonio Campos. It is based on the novel of the same name by Donald Ray Pollock.

It stars Tom Holland, Harry Melling, Bill Skarsgård, Riley Keough, Jason Clarke, Sebastian Stan, Haley Bennett, Eliza Scanlen, with Mia Wasikowska and Robert Pattinson.

*The Devil All the Time* was released in select theaters on September 11, 2020, and digitally on Netflix on September 16, 2020. It received mixed reviews from critics.

## References
William Kunstler

**William Moses Kunstler** (July 7, 1919&nbsp;– September 4, 1995) was an American lawyer and civil rights activist. He was known for defending the Chicago Seven.

Kunstler was an active member of the National Lawyers Guild, a board member of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the co-founder of the Law Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), the "leading gathering place for radical lawyers in the country".

## References
St. Johns, Michigan

**St. Johns** is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 7,698 at the 2020 census.  It is the county seat of Clinton County.

## References
Greta Gerwig

**Greta Celeste Gerwig** (; born August 4, 1983) is an American actress and filmmaker. She starred in *Hannah Takes the Stairs* (2007) and *Nights and Weekends* (2008).

She also starred in *Greenberg* (2010), *Frances Ha* (2012) and *Mistress America* (2015). 

Gerwig also directed *Lady Bird* (2017) and *Little Women* (2019), both of which earned nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture. 

She also directed *Barbie* (2023), which is based on the famous fashion doll of the same name by Mattel, and starring Margot Robbie as Barbie and Ryan Gosling as Ken. *Barbie* made over $1 billion at the box office, making Gerwig the first female solo director to have a movie reach this milestone.

Gerwig was officially hired by Netflix to direct the first two adaptations of *The Chronicles of Narnia,* based on the book series of the same name.  Filming is Set  To Begin  Late July 2025, Starring Emma Mackey, Daniel Craig and Timothy Dalton as aslan.

## References
Monee, Illinois

**Monee** is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. The population was 5,128 at the 2020 census.

## References
Christian Gmelin

**Christian Gottlob Gmelin** (12 October 1792 – 13 May 1860) was a German chemist. He was born in Tübingen, Germany. He was a grandson of Johann Konrad Gmelin and a great-grandson of Johann Georg Gmelin.

## Life
Christian was born in October 12, 1792. He was born in Tübingen, Germany. In 1818, Gmelin was one of the first to observe that lithium salts give a bright red color in a flame. Gmelin later died in Tübingen, Germany, where he spent his entire life. He died on May 13, 1860.

## References
Gold digger

A **gold digger** is a person, typically a woman, who engages in a type of transactional sexual relationship for money rather than love. If it turns into marriage, it is a type of marriage of convenience.

 card for *Gold Diggers of Broadway* (1929), an example of a film which helped create the American public association of chorus girls with gold diggers.]] 

## References
Tin foil

**Tin foil** is a thin foil made of tin. Tin foil was replaced after World War II by aluminium foil. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, tin foil was in commonly used.

## Properties 
Tin foil is stiffer than aluminium foil. It tends to give a slight tin taste to food that is wrapped in it. Tin foil is resistant to corrosion and oxidation.

## References
Aluminium foil

**Aluminium foil** (also called **aluminum foil** in American English) is foil (a thin sheet of metal) made of aluminium. It is less than 0.2&nbsp;mm (7.9 mils) thick. It can easily be bent or wrapped around objects. Aluminium foil replaced tin foil in the mid 20th century.

Approximately 75% of aluminium foil is used for packaging of foods, cosmetics, and chemical products. 25% is used for industrial uses. It can easily be recycled.

## History 
Aluminium foil replaced tinfoil in 1910, when the first aluminium foil rolling factory, "Dr. Lauber, Neher & Cie." was opened in Schaffhausen, Switzerland. The factory was owned by J.G. Neher & Sons. The factory started in 1886 in Schaffhausen, Switzerland. The way that aluminium foil was made started to change to include the use of print, colour, lacquer, lamination and the embossing of the aluminium.

## Properties 
Aluminium foils thicker than 25 μm (1 mil) do not allow oxygen and water to pass through.

Aluminium foil has a shiny side and a dull side. The foil may have a non-stick coating on only one side. The reflectivity of bright aluminium foil is 88% while dull embossed foil is about 80%.

## Uses 
Aluminium is used for packaging. Aluminium foil containers and trays are used to bake pies. It is also used pack takeaway meals. Aluminium foil is widely used in radiation shields and heat exchangers. Aluminium foil is used for art, decoration, and crafts.

## References
Noah Baumbach

**Noah Baumbach** () (born September 3, 1969) is an American filmmaker. He is known for his works *The Squid and the Whale* (2005) and *Marriage Story* (2019). He has written and directed *Margot at the Wedding* (2007), *Frances Ha* (2012), ''While We're Young* (2014), *Mistress America* (2015), and *The Meyerowitz Stories'' (2017).

## References
Split (movie)

***Split*** is a 2016 American psychological horror movie. It is set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan and is a stealth sequel to 2000's Unbreakable. It stars James McAvoy and Anya Taylor-Joy.

## Cast
*James McAvoy as Kevin Wendell Crumb / The Horde
*Anya Taylor-Joy as Casey Cooke
*Betty Buckley as Dr. Karen Fletcher
*Bruce Willis as David Dunn (cameo)

## Production
Shyamalan revealed that Kevin Crumb was going to be the secondary villain of Unbreakable but he felt it would make the movie too complicated. Since the movie was made by Universal instead of Touchstone Pictures, Shyamalan asked the Walt Disney Company to use David Dunn as a character and got to use him for free in exchange for a follow-up to both movies.

## Other websites
*
Glass (movie)

***Glass*** is a 2019 American psychological superhero thriller mystery movie. It is set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It is a sequel to both 2000's Unbreakable and 2016's Split. It stars Bruce Willis, James McAvoy and Samuel L. Jackson.

## Cast
*James McAvoy as Kevin Wendell Crumb / The Horde
*Bruce Willis as David Dunn / The Overseer
*Samuel L. Jackson as Elijah Price / Mister Glass
*Spencer Treat Clark as Joseph Dunn
*Anya Taylor-Joy as Casey Cooke
*Sarah Paulson as Dr. Ellie Staple

## Other websites
*
Litoria chrisdahli

***Litoria chrisdahli*** is a frog from Papua New Guinea.  It lives in the Sepik Basin.

This frog has a spike on the end of its nose.  Scientists say it is related to *Litoria prora* and *Litoria humboldtorum* but it is smaller and smaller flaps of skin on its legs.  It also sounds different when it calls out.

## References
Bideford witch trial

The **Bideford witch trials** began in 1682. Three women from Bideford, England were accused of witchcraft and hanged. The women were named Temperance Lloyd, Susanna Edwards and Mary Trembles. They were the last women in England to be executed for this crime. 

At that time, Bideford was an important part of a growing transatlantic trade route with Newfoundland and Virginia. Due to plague and smallpox epidemics, by 1680 the crowded town had a population of 2,600. 

Religion and folklore played key parts in the beliefs of 17th-century people. At the time, there was a reviving interest in and fear of witchcraft.
Johan August Arfwedson

**Johan August Arfwedson** (12 January 1792 – 28 October 1841) was a Swedish chemist. He discovered lithium in 1817 by isolating it as a salt.

## Life and work 
Arfwedson was born in January 12, 1792. His family was very rich. His father was Jacob Arfwedson and his mother was Anna Elisabeth Holtermann. Arfwedson became a student at the Uppsala University in 1803. He completed a degree in Law in 1809 and a second degree in mineralogy in 1812. Later in the year, he received an position in the Royal Board of Mines.

In Stockholm, Arfwedson knew the chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius. He got access to his private laboratory, which is where he discovered lithium in 1817, during analysis of the mineral petalite.

He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1821.

The rare mineral arfvedsonite was named after him.

## References
Électricité de France

**Electricite de France S.A.** (**EDF**; "Electricity of France") is a French power company.  It is mostly owned by the government of France. Its headquarters are in Paris. It earned €71.2 billion in revenues in 2016. EDF produces 120+ gigawatts of electricity in Europe, South America, North America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa.

In 2009, EDF produced more electricity than any other power company in the world. In 2011, it produced 22% of the European Union's electricity, most of it from nuclear power:
*nuclear: 64.3%;
*renewable energy: 12.3% (includes 4.6% from dams);
*gas: 8.6%;
*coal: 14.5%;
*other: 0.3%.

Its 58 active nuclear reactors (in France) are spread out over 20 sites (nuclear power plants). There are 34 reactors with 900 MWe, 20 reactors with 1300 MWe, and 4 reactors with 1450 MWe, all PWRs.

In 2017, EDF was scheduled to take over most of the power business of Areva, in a French government sponsored restructuring following financial and technical problems at Areva. In July 2017, France's Environmental Minister Nicolas Hulot said that up to 17 of France's nuclear power reactors — all of which are operated by EDF — could be closed by 2025 because of a new law about using less nuclear power.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Million Dollar Baby

***Million Dollar Baby*** is a 2004 American sports drama movie directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood from a screenplay written by Paul Haggis. It is based on short stories by F.X. Toole.

It stars Eastwood, Hilary Swank, and Morgan Freeman. 

*Million Dollar Baby* was theatrically released on December 15, 2004, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received critical acclaim and grossed $216.8 million. The movie won four Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress (for Swank), and Best Supporting Actor (for Freeman). The movie is 132 minutes long. It is rated PG-13.

## References
## Other websites
*
Donald Ray Pollock

**Donald Ray Pollock** (born December 23, 1954) is an American writer. He first published his collection of short stories, *Knockemstiff*, in 2008.

His debut novel, *The Devil All the Time*, was published in 2011. He was the narrator of the movie version in 2020.

## References
Evil Con Carne

***Evil Con Carne*** is an American animated television series. It was created by Maxwell Atoms. It was originally shown on Cartoon Network. It began on 2003 and ended on 2004. It focuses on the brain of a devil playboy with a Spanish accent attached to the body of his pet demon bear who wants to collect the rest of his organs for world domination. It originated as a part of Grim & Evil before it was split into two shows.

## Cast 
* Phil LaMarr as Hector Con Carne
* Grey DeLisle as Major Doctor Ghastly
* Armin Shimerman as General Skarr, Stomach
* Frank Welker as Boskov
* Maurice LaMarche as Estroy
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows

***Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows*** is a fantasy action movie. It was made in the United States and released in 2016. It is part of the *Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles* (TMNT) series. The movie is the second and last in the rebooted *TMNT* movie series. It is the first TMNT movie to feature the villains Krang, Bebop and Rocksteady.

## Cast
*Megan Fox as April O'Neil
*Stephen Amell as Casey Jones
*Tyler Perry as Baxter Stockman
*Jane Wu as Jade

### Voice cast
*Brad Garrett as Krang
Drive My Car

"**Drive My Car**" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was mainly written by Paul McCartney, with some help from John Lennon. It was first released on the British version of the band's 1965 album *Rubber Soul*. The song is about a movie star who asks the narrator of the song to be her chauffeur. McCartney also said that "'Drive my car' was an old blues euphemism for sex".

## Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald, except where noted:
* Paul McCartney – lead vocal, bass guitar, piano, slide guitar
* John Lennon – lead vocal, tambourine, rhythm guitar
* George Harrison – harmony vocal, lead guitar
* Ringo Starr – drums, cowbell

## References
## Sources
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites
Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas

***Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas*** is a 2003 animated movie about Sinbad the Sailor and his quest at the seven seas. It was made by DreamWorks Animation. It didn't do well at the box office.

It was the last movie  by Dreamworks to be drawn by hand instead of computer-animated.

Harry Gregson-Williams wrote the music for the movie.

## Cast
*Brad Pitt as Sinbad the Sailor
*Catherine Zeta-Jones as Marina
*Joseph Fiennes as Proteus
*Michelle Pfeiffer as Eris
*Dennis Haysbert as Kale
*Additional Voices, Jack Angel, Jim Cummings, Stephen Apostolina, Kirk Baily, Bob Bergen, Gregg Berger, Rodger Bumpass, David Cowgill, Brian Cummings, Jim Cummings, Carlos Ferro, Bill Farmer, Richard Epcar, Elisa Gabrielli, Eileen Galindo, Nicholas Guest, Lex Lang,Jim Lau, Ann Mathias, Neil Kaplan, Tom Kenny, Phil LaMarr, Carole Jeghers, Danny Mann, Randall Montgomery, Bob Papenbrook, Dina Morrone, Jonathan Nichols, Phil Proctor, Tony Oliver, Bobbi Page, Michelle Ruff, Juan Pope, Al Rodrigo, Alan Shearman, Michael Sorich, Skip Stellrecht, Marcelo Tubert, Simon Wells, Frank Welker, Conrad Vernon, Claudette Wells.

## References
MLS Player of the Month

The **Major League Soccer Player of Month** is a monthly soccer award given to players in Major League Soccer. The honor is given to the player who have had the best performance in each month by a panel of journalists from the North American Soccer Reporters organization. The award was formerly voted on by the Professional Soccer Reporters Association.

Since 2014, the award has been sponsored by Etihad Airways and named the **Etihad Airways Player of the Month**.

## Winners
### 2022
### 2021
### 2020
### 2019
### 2018
### 2017
### 2016
### 2015
### 2014
### 2013
### 2012 
### 2011 
### 2010 
### 2009 
### 2008 
### 2007 
### 2006 
### 2005 
### 2004 
### 2003 
### 2002 
### 2001 
### 2000 
### 1999 
### 1998 
### 1997 
### 1996 
## References
Francine Simonin

, 1990)]]
**Francine Simonin** (2 October 1936 – 9 October 2020) was a Swiss-Canadian painter, engraver, and designer. She was seen to be an expressionist. Simonin was born in Lucerne, Switzerland. From 1971 to 1994, she taught at the Université du Québec in Trois-Rivières. Simonin's works were regularly displayed by Galerie Lacerte in Montreal. She also did much of her work in Évian-les-Bains.

Simonin died on 9 October 2020 in Montreal, Quebec at the age of 84.

## References
Ahmed Adghirni

**Ahmed Adghirni** (5 May 1947 – 19 October 2020) was a Moroccan politician, lawyer, writer, and human rights activist. He was from a Berber tribe. Adghirni was born in Aït Ali in Sous, Morocco. 

He was a political activist for Berbers in Morocco. He was very active in the World Amazigh Congress, participating in the "pre-congress" at Saint-Rome-de-Dolan in 1995 and the first congress at Las Palmas in 1997.

Adghirni died on 19 October 2020 in Tiznit, Morocco at the age of 73.

## References
Spencer Davis

**Spencer Davis** (born **Spencer David Nelson Davies**, 17 July 1939 – 19 October 2020) was a Welsh musician and multi-instrumentalist. He was the founder of the 1960s beat band The Spencer Davis Group.

Davis died from pneumonia on 19 October 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 81.

## References
Tony Lewis (musician)

**Tony Lewis** (21 December 1957 – 19 October 2020) was an English pop rock singer-songwriter and bassist. He was a member of the band the Outfield, known for their hit single "Your Love". He released his first solo album, *Out of the Darkness,* in the spring of 2018 on Madison Records. His career began in 1984. He was born in London.

Lewis died on 19 October 2020 in London at the age of 62. 

## References
Yehoshua Blau

**Yehoshua Blau** (Hebrew: יהושע בלאו , September 22, 1919 – October 20, 2020) was a Romanian-born Israeli scholar of Arabic language and literature. He was a Professor Emeritus at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was born in Cluj, Romania.

Blau was elected a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy in 1983. Blau was elected as a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 1968.

Blau died on October 20, 2020 in Tel Aviv at the age of 101.

## References
Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)

"**Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)**" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on their 1965 album *Rubber Soul*. It was mainly written by John Lennon, but listed as being written by Lennon–McCartney. The song was influenced by the lyrics of Bob Dylan. The song had a sitar played by George Harrison, which was the first time this had been done in Western rock music. The song was a number one in Australia, where it was released as a single. *Rolling Stone* magazine said it was the 83rd-greatest song of all time.

## Personnel
Personnel per Walter Everett

*John Lennon – double-tracked vocals, acoustic guitar
*Paul McCartney – bass guitar, harmony vocals
*George Harrison – 12-string acoustic guitar, double-tracked sitar
*Ringo Starr – tambourine, bass drum

## References
**Citations**

**Bibliography**

* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Bogdan Józef Wojtuś

**Bogdan Józef Wojtuś** (4 July 1937 – 20 October 2020) was a Polish Roman Catholic prelate. He was an auxiliary bishop of the archdiocese of Gniezno from 1988 until 2012. He was born in Łąsko Wielki, Poland.

Pope John Paul II appointed him Titular Bishop of Vassinassa on November 17, 1993, and Auxiliary Bishop of Gniezno. On September 15, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his resignation request made for reasons of age.

Wojtuś died on 20 October 2020 from COVID-19 in Poznań, Poland at the age of 83.

## References
Thiruvalla

**Thiruvalla**, alternately spelled **Tiruvalla**, is a town & Tier 3 City in Kerala and also the headquarters of the Taluk of same name in Pathanamthitta district in the State of Kerala, India. It is known as the "Land of Non resident Indians".It is the largest City in district. 

## References
Arthur Takes Over

***Arthur Takes Over*** is a 1948 American comedy movie directed by Malcolm St. Clair and starring Lois Collier, Richard Crane, Skip Homeier, Ann E. Todd, Jerome Cowan, William Bakewell, Howard Freeman, Luana Walters, Almira Sessions. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
*
Homesteaders of Paradise Valley

***Homesteaders of Paradise Valley*** is a 1947 American western movie directed by R. G. Springsteen and starring Allan Lane, Ann E. Todd, Robert Blake, Martha Wentworth, Gene Roth, Mauritz Hugo, Emmett Vogan, Edythe Elliott.

## Other websites
*
David Choquehuanca

**David Choquehuanca Céspedes** (born May 7, 1961) is a Bolivian politician who was the Vice President of Bolivia from November 8, 2020 until November 8, 2025. He was the Foreign Minister from 23 January 2006 to 23 January 2017. 

## References
Álvaro García Linera

**Álvaro Marcelo García Linera** (; born 19 October 1962), is a Bolivian politician. He was Vice President of Bolivia from 2006 until his removal in 2019 during the Evo Morales presidency.

## References
Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery

***Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery*** is a 1997 American comedy spy movie. It was directed by Jay Roach and was produced by Jan Blenkin, John S. Lyons, Eric McLeod, Demi Moore, and Mike Myers. It is the first entry of the Austin Powers movie series with a sequel released in 1999, and followed by a second sequel in 2002.

## Plot
The setting is London, England.

Many characters use British English.

## Cast 
* Mike Myers as Austin Powers, Dr. Evil
* Elizabeth Hurley as Vanessa Kensington
* Michael York as Basil Exposition
* Robert Wagner as Number 2
* Mindy Sterling as Frau Farbissina
* Seth Green as Scott Evil
* Will Ferrell as Mustafa

## Other websites 
*
Vice President of Bolivia

The **Vice President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia** () or **Vice President of Bolivia** (), is the second highest political position in Bolivia. 

The Vice President replaces the President in his absence, death or in the event of removal from office.

## List of vice presidents of Bolivia 
### Single vice presidency (1828–1880) 
### Double vice presidency (1880–1921) 
### Single vice presidency (1921–present) 
## References
Norwegian Wood

**Norwegian Wood** may mean:

* "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)", a 1965 song by the Beatles
* Norwegian Wood (music festival), an annual music festival in Oslo, Norway
* *Norwegian Wood* (novel), a novel by Haruki Murakami  1987 
** *Norwegian Wood* (movie), a movie by Tran Anh Hung, based on the Murakami novel
* For woodland in Norway, see Geography of Norway#Flora
2020 Bolivian general election

**Snap general elections** were held in Bolivia on 18 October 2020 for President, Vice-President, and all seats in both the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. 

The results of the election was meant to replace the disputed results of the October 2019 elections, which were annulled during a political crisis.

Senator Luis Arce was elected president in a landslide victory.

## Candidates
## Results
## Notes
## References
2019 Bolivian political crisis

On 10 November 2019, after 21 days of civil protests following the disputed election results of October 2019 and the release of a report from the Organization of American States (OAS), which showed irregularities in the electoral process, trade unions, the military and the police of Bolivia asked president Evo Morales to resign. 

Morales resigned and was offered political asylum to Morales the following day, which Morales accepted a day afterwards.

The second vice president of the Senate, opposition senator Jeanine Áñez, assumed the role of president on 12 November, being the next in line for the presidency. 

Morales has called for the Bolivian people to reject the leadership of Áñez. He and his supporters argue that the event was a coup d'état.

## References
2019 Bolivian general election

**General elections** were held in Bolivia on 20 October 2019. 

Voters elected all 130 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 36 senators and cast ballots for a joint slate of president and vice president.

Disputes over the transparency and legitimacy of the elections caused weeks of widespread protests in Bolivia after incumbent President Evo Morales was declared the winner with 47.08% of the vote. This was greater than ten-point margin over his nearest competitor, Carlos Mesa, this was enough for Morales to be announced as a winner without a run-off second-round vote.

The Organization of American States (OAS) said that there was "clear manipulation" and significant irregularities.

## References
Luis Fernando Camacho

**Luis Fernando Camacho Vaca** (born 15 February 1979) is a Bolivian lawyer, businessman and activist. He is a member of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement in Bolivia.

He was a major critic of Evo Morales in the 2019 Bolivian general elections. He demanded that Morales resign on 5 November 2019. He ran for President of Bolivia in 2020 but did not win.

In December 2022, A judge in Bolivia sent Camacho to be kept in prison four months before his trial on terrorism charges. The charges are for his call for a national strike.

## References
2019 Bolivian protests

From 21 October 2019 until late November of that year, protests and marches occurred in Bolivia in response to claims of electoral fraud in the 2019 general election of 20 October. 

After 11 November 2019 there were protests by supporters of the outgoing government in response to Jeanine Áñez becoming the acting president of Bolivia. The claims of fraud were made after the suspension of the preliminary vote count, in which incumbent Evo Morales was not leading by a large enough margin (10%) to avoid a runoff.

## References
Eddie Tonks

**Edward James Tonks**  ( – 18 October 2020) was a New Zealand businessman and sports administrator. He was chair of the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU) between 1990 and 1995. He also chaired the International Rugby Board (IRB).

Tonks died at his home in Wellington on 18 October 2020, aged 85.

## References
Naomi Klein

**Naomi A. Klein** (born May 8, 1970) is a Canadian author, social activist, and filmmaker. She analyses politics and criticizes capitalism. Since 2018, she has been a faculty member at Rutgers University; Her position there is *the Gloria Steinem Chair in Media, Culture, and Feminist Studies*. 

Klein's *This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate* (2014) was a *New York Times* non-fiction bestseller and won the Hilary Weston Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction.

Naomi Klein has a Jewish background.

## References
Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)

The **Chamber of Senators** () is the upper house of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly of Bolivia.

The Senate has 36 seats. Each of the country's nine departments returns four senators elected by proportional representation (using the D'Hondt method). 

## References
Mark Drakeford

**Mark Drakeford** (born 19 September 1954) is a Welsh Labour politician. He has been First Minister of Wales and leader of the Welsh Labour Party from 2018 until 2024.  He served as Cabinet Secretary for Finance in the Jones Government from 2016 to 2018, Minister for Brexit from 2017 to 2018 and Minister for Health and Social Services from 2013 to 2016. Drakeford has been a member of the Senedd for Cardiff West since 2011.

Drakeford was born in Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire. He married his wife Clare (*née* Buckle) in Cambridge in 1977. The couple have three children. One of which is a sex offender who has been jailed several times for sex offences.

## References
The Asphalt Jungle

***The Asphalt Jungle*** is a 1950 American crime movie directed by John Huston and was based on the 1949 novel of the same name by W. R. Burnett. It stars Sterling Hayden, Louis Calhern, Jean Hagen, James Whitmore, Marc Lawrence, Marilyn Monroe, Anthony Caruso, Barry Kelley and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1951.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Gold leaf

**Gold leaf** is gold that has been hammered into thin sheets by goldbeating. It is often used for gilding. The most commonly used gold is 22-karat yellow gold. Layering gold leaf over a surface is called **gold leafing** or gilding.

## In art 
Gold leaf is sometimes used in art without a gilding process. In many cultures, it was used to wrap objects such as amulets. It has been used in jewellery.

Gold leaf has traditionally been used as a gilding material to decorate art or the picture frames. Gold leaf paintings were used in mosaics in later Early Christian art. Gold leaf is also used in Buddhist art to decorate statues and symbols. Gold leafing can also be seen on domes in religious and public architecture.

## In architecture 
Gold leaf has long been used in architecture. It was used in Byzantine and Roman churches and basilicas in 400 AD.

## Culinary uses
Gold leaf is sometimes used to decorate food or drink. It is sometimes found in desserts and confectionery. When used as a food additive, gold has the E-number E175.

## Counterfeit gold leaf
Gold leaf is commonly counterfeited. Counterfeit gold leaf is typically made of a copper alloy similar to brass. This material is slightly toxic and can cause copper or zinc poisoning if used for culinary use.

## References
Lovesick (1983 movie)

***Lovesick*** is a 1983 American romantic fantasy comedy movie directed by Marshall Brickman and starring Dudley Moore, Elizabeth McGovern, Wallace Shawn, John Huston, Alec Guinness, Larry Rivers, David Strathairn. It was distributed by Warner Bros.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
McFarland, USA

***McFarland, USA*** is a 2015 American sports drama movie directed by Niki Caro and starring Kevin Costner, Maria Bello, Morgan Saylor, Elsie Fisher, Diana-Maria Riva, Vanessa Martínez, Valente Rodriguez, Natalia Cordova-Buckley. It was distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.

The protagonist is a sports coach named Jim White (played by Kevin Costner). He moves with his family to the mainly Hispanic town of McFarland, California and starts a cross-country running team. 

It is based on a true story.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Derryl Cousins

**Derryl Cousins** (August 18, 1946 – October 20, 2020) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball (MLB). He worked in the American League (AL) from 1979 to 1999, and umpired throughout both leagues from 2000 until his retirement following the 2012 season. Cousins was born in Fresno, California.

Cousins died on October 20, 2020 from cancer in Palm Springs, California at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
*Major league profile
*Retrosheet
Mersal

**Mersal** may mean:
## Arts 
**Mersal* (movie), a 2017 Tamil language action thriller movie
**Mersal al-Gharam*, a 2004 Syrian novel by Fawwaz Haddad, also known as *The Love Messenger*

## People 
* Iman Mersal (born 1966), Egyptian poet
* Hatem Mersal (born 1975), Egyptian former long jumper
* Mahmoud Mersal (born 1940), Egyptian former Olympic boxer
* Nafi Mersal (born 1960), Egyptian sprinter

## Other uses 
* Mersalyl, an organomercury compound used as drug
You Won't See Me

"'''You Won't See Me'''" is a song by the English rock band The Beatles. It was written by Paul McCartney, but listed as Lennon-McCartney. It was first released on the band's 1965 album *Rubber Soul*. It is about McCartney's bad relationship with Jane Asher at the time, when she wanted to become an actress. It was recorded during a very long recording session in November 1965. Author Mark Lewisohn called this final recording session a "marathon" recording session, because it lasted all through the night. This was to make sure *Rubber Soul* was released before Christmas.

## Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald:

*Paul McCartney – double-tracked lead vocal, bass guitar, piano
*John Lennon – backing vocal, tambourine
*George Harrison – backing vocal, lead guitar
*Ringo Starr – drums, hi-hat
*Mal Evans – Hammond organ

## References
## Sources
* 
* 
* 
*
Litoria rubrops

***Litoria rubrops*** is a frog from Papua New Guinea.  Scientists saw it in the Cloudy Mountains.

## References
Nowhere Man (song)

"**Nowhere Man**" is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on the Parlophone version of the band's 1965 album *Rubber Soul*. It was released in North America as a single in 1966. It was also later released on the North American album *Yesterday and Today*. The song was written by John Lennon, but listed as Lennon-McCartney. It was one of the first Beatles songs that were not about romance or love. John Lennon wrote the song about himself.

## Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald, the line-up on the Beatles' recording was:
*John Lennon &ndash; double-tracked vocals, acoustic guitar, lead guitar 
*Paul McCartney &ndash; bass guitar, harmony vocal
*George Harrison &ndash; lead guitar, harmony vocal
*Ringo Starr &ndash; drums

## References
## Sources
* 
* 
*
Think for Yourself

"**Think for Yourself**" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on the band's 1965 album *Rubber Soul*. It was written by the band's lead guitarist George Harrison. Some people think that the song tells the listener to think independantly in a political way, but it can also be seen as a love song. The song had influences from Bob Dylan. The song also has a fuzz bass played by Paul McCartney.

## Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald:

*George Harrison &ndash; lead vocals, electric guitar
*John Lennon &ndash; harmony vocals, Vox Continental organ
*Paul McCartney &ndash; harmony vocal, bass, fuzz bass
*Ringo Starr &ndash; drums, tambourine, maracas

## References
## Sources
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
The Word (song)

"**The Word**" is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on the band's 1965 album *Rubber Soul*. It was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. Lennon said they had written it after smoking cannabis and that it was mainly his idea.

## Personnel
* John Lennon – lead and backing vocals, rhythm guitar
* Paul McCartney – harmony vocal, bass, piano
* George Harrison – harmony vocal, lead guitar
* Ringo Starr – drums, maracas
* George Martin – harmonium solo
:Personnel per Ian MacDonald

## References
## Sources
* 
*
Peter F. Secchia

Ford and Secchia, 1975]]
**Peter Finley Secchia** (April 15, 1937 – October 21, 2020) was an American businessman and diplomat. He served as the U.S. ambassador to Italy and San Marino from 1989 to 1993. He was a Republican.

Secchia was born in Englewood, New Jersey. He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1956 to 1959. Secchia died of COVID-19 on October 21, 2020, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He was 83.

## References
Michelle

**Michelle** may mean:

## People 
*Michelle (name), a given name and surname, the feminine form of Michael
* Michelle Courtens, Dutch singer, performing as "Michelle"
* Michelle (German singer)
* Michel'le, American singer

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Music
* *Michelle* (album), a 1966 album by saxophonist Bud Shank
* "Michelle" (song), a 1965 song by The Beatles
* "Michelle", a song by Lynyrd Skynyrd
* "My Michelle", a 1987 song by Guns N' Roses
* "A World Without You (Michelle)", a 1988 song by Bad Boys Blue
* Michelle (Marvel Cinematic Universe), a fictional character of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
### Television
* "Michelle" (*Skins* series 1), a 2007 episode of the British teen drama *Skins*

## Science
* 1376 Michelle, an asteroid
* Hurricane Michelle, powerful 2001 Atlantic tropical storm

## Related pages
*Michael (disambiguation)
*Michel (disambiguation)
*Michele, an Italian male given name
*Nichelle
What Goes On (Beatles song)

"**What Goes On**" is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on the band's 1965 album *Rubber Soul*. It was also released as the B-side for the 1966 North American single "Nowhere Man". It also was on the North American album *Yesterday and Today*. It was the only song John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr wrote together.

## Personnel
*Ringo Starr &ndash; lead vocal, drums
*John Lennon &ndash; harmony vocal, rhythm guitar
*Paul McCartney &ndash; harmony vocal, bass guitar
*George Harrison &ndash; lead guitar
:Personnel per Ian MacDonald

## References
## Sources
* 
* 
*
What Goes On

**What Goes On** may mean:

* *What Goes On* (album), a 1993 box set by The Velvet Underground
* "What Goes On" (Beatles song), 1965
* "What Goes On" (Velvet Underground song), 1969
* "What Goes On", a single by Mai Tai (band)  E. van Tijn, J. Fluitsma 1984
* "What Goes On", a song by Mobb Deep from *The Safe Is Cracked*
Low

**Low** or **LOW** or **lows**, may mean:

## People
* Low (surname), listing people surnamed Low

## Places
* Low, Quebec, Canada
* Low, Utah, United States
* Lo Wu Station (MTR code LOW), Hong Kong; a rail station
* Salzburg Airport (ICAO airport code: LOWS), Austria

## Music
* Low (band), an American indie rock group from Duluth, Minnesota

### Albums
* *Low* (David Bowie album), 1977
* *Low* (Testament album), 1994
* *Low* (Low EP), 1994

### Songs
* "Low" (Cracker song), 1993
* "Low" (Flo Rida song), 2007
* "Low" (Foo Fighters song), 2002
* "Low" (Juicy J song), 2014
* "Low" (Kelly Clarkson song), 2003
* "Low", by Camp Mulla
* "Low", by Coldplay from *X&Y*
* "Low", by Inna from the self-titled album
* "Low", by Marianas Trench from *Fix Me*
* "Low", by R.E.M. from *Out of Time*
* "Low", by Silverchair from *Young Modern*
* "Low", by Sleeping with Sirens from *Feel*
* "Low", by Tech N9ne from *K.O.D.*
* "Low Low Low", by James from *Laid*
* "Low" (Lenny Kravitz song), 2018

## Other uses
* Launch on warning (LOW)
* Low (complexity), a concept in computational complexity theory
* Low (computability)
* Low (comics), an Image Comics series by Rick Remender and Greg Tocchini
* LOW Festival, a cultural festival
* Low pressure area, a concept in meteorology
* Louise Weiss building, the seat of the European Parliament
* League of Wales, the top football league in Wales

## Related pages 
* T Low (rapper)
* 
* 
* LO (disambiguation)
* Löw (disambiguation)
* Löwe (disambiguation)
* Lowe (disambiguation)
Danger Mouse (2015)

***Danger Mouse*** is a children’s animated television series.  It is remake of an original series from the 20th century.

## Characters
*Narrator (voiced by Dave Lamb)
*Danger Mouse (voiced by Alexander Armstrong)
*Penfold (voiced by Kevin Eldon)
*Colonel K (voiced by Stephen Fry)
*Greenback (voiced by Ed Gaughan)
*Stiletto (voiced by Dave Lamb)
*Squawkencluck (voiced by Shauna MacDonald)

## Episodes
### Season 1 (2015-2016)
### Season 2 (2016)
Vark

**Vark** is a super fine filigree foil sheet of pure metals. It is usually made of silver but sometimes gold. It is used to decorate South Asian sweets and food. It is also placed on saffroned rice to make it look more appetising. The silver and gold are edible and flavorless. Varak is made by pounding silver into sheets a few micrometres (μm) thick. It breaks easily into smaller pieces if touched. Vark sheets are laid or rolled over some South Asian sweets, confectionery, dry fruits and spices.

## References
Goldbeating

**Goldbeating** is the process of hammering gold into an very thin gold leaf for use in **gilding**. 5,000 years ago, Egyptian artisans became the first goldbeaters and gilders. They pounded gold using a round stone to make the thinnest gold leaf possible.

## References
Love Is News

***Love Is News*** is a 1937 American comedy movie directed by Tay Garnett and starring Tyrone Power, Loretta Young, Don Ameche, George Sanders, Dudley Digges, Pauline Moore, Jane Darwell. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was remade in 1948 as *That Wonderful Urge*.

## Other websites
* *Love Is News* in the Internet Movie Database
* 
* 
*
Litoria chloristona

***Litoria chloristona*** is a frog from Papua New Guinea.  Scientists saw it near the Kikori River, from sea level to 500 meters above sea level.  They also saw it in Port Essington, Australia.

The adult male frog is about 19.6 to 23.8 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female is 23.7 to 27.4 mm long. It has large eyes and a pointy nose. Its back is bright green and can have bronze on its sides.

The female frog lays eggs in water that does not move. The eggs float to the surface of the water.  The tadpoles have wide fins on their backs and narrow fins on their bellies. They have bands of color.

The name *chloristona* comes from the Greek words *chloros* for "green," *elaschistos* for "small," and *ontos* for "living thing."

## References
C dynamic memory allocation

In the C programming language, many of the commands in a program change the memory of the computer running that program.  The memory comes in different ways, with some memory always made available to every part program, some memory given over to the functions and code blocks in the program, and some memory which can be given to the program as it needs it, and freed up when the need has finished.  This memory that is allocated to the program and freed later is known as dynamic memory. (The other types are known as static memory and automatic memory.) 

The  **dynamic memory allocation** refers to allocating memory during a program's run time. Dynamically allocated memory is obtained from a storage pool called a heap. A group of functions in the C standard library are typically used for dynamic memory allocation.

## Overview of functions
C dynamic memory allocation functions are defined in *stdlib.h* header.

### Differences between malloc and calloc
* *malloc* takes a single argument (the amount of memory to allocate in bytes), while *calloc* needs two arguments (the number of variables to allocate in memory, and the size in bytes of a single variable).
* *malloc* does not initialize the memory allocated, while *calloc* guarantees that all bytes of the allocated memory block have been initialized to 0.

### Bugs and security implications
The C language does not by default check that the calls to these functions, or the accesses to the arrays they create, are used correctly. If the program does something invalid, such as accessing memory beyond what has been allocated, or using memory that has been freed, this can cause the program to crash or to behave in some other undesirable way. In some cases, improper use of these functions can create security vulnerabilities that allow hackers to read or modify sensitive data or run malicious code.

## Example code
```c
#include 
int main() {
    int *array = malloc(10 * sizeof(int));
    free(array);
}
```
Tom Yewcic

**Thomas J. Yewcic** (May 9, 1932 &ndash; October 21, 2020) was an American football quarterback and punter and Major League Baseball player. In football, he played from 1961 to 1966 with the Boston Patriots of the American Football League (AFL). In baseball, he played one game for the Detroit Tigers in 1957.

Yewcic was born in Conemaugh, Pennsylvania. He died on October 21, 2020 at the age of 88.

## References
Conemaugh Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania

**Conemaugh Township** is a township in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,941 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## References
CMYK color model

The **CMYK color model** is a subtractive color model, based on the CMY color model, used in color printing. **CMYK** refers to the four inks used in printing: **c**yan, **m**agenta, **y**ellow, and **k**ey (black).

The CMYK model is subtractive. It means that it *subtracts* or masks colors from white background of the paper. The ink reduces the reflected light. White light minus red leaves cyan, white light minus green leaves magenta, and white light minus blue leaves yellow.

White is the natural color of the paper, while black results from a full combination of colored inks. To save cost on ink, and to produce deeper black tones, unsaturated and dark colors are produced by using black ink instead of pure mix of cyan, magenta, and yellow.

## Using black ink 
The "black" produced by mixing usual cyan, magenta, and yellow inks is actually a dark grey color. So, modern four-color printing uses black ink in addition to the subtractive primary colors. Common reasons for using black ink include:
* Text is typically printed in black and includes fine detail, difficult to reproduce with a mix of three inks.
* A combination of 100% cyan, magenta, and yellow inks soaks the paper with ink, making it slower to dry.
* Although a combination of 100% cyan, magenta, and yellow inks should, in theory, produce a perfect black, practical inks cannot do it and the result is actually a dark muddy color that does not quite appear black. 
* Using black ink is less expensive than using the corresponding amounts of colored inks.

## Related pages 
* CMY color model
* RGB color model
* Color model

## References 
## Other websites 
*XCmyk – CMYK to RGB Calculator with source code
*Color Space Fundamentals– animated illustration of RGB vs. CMYK