open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Behavioural responses to stress in animals

Real or perceived threat in the environment, produces stress response in animals, which disrupts the internal constant environment of the animal. There are different kinds of stressors that animals can be exposed to. Animals display different kinds of stress responses as a result. Physiological changes that happen because of stress cause behavioural responses in animals. There are different types of behavioural responses: impairment of response inhibition and lack of motivation, changes in social, sexual, aggression and nurture behaviour in animals. The impact is dependent upon the type, and duration of the stress, as well as the past experiences of the animal. Behavioural responses to prolonged stress can also be transferred across generations.

## Overview 
Stress responses are any responses that an organism makes or goes through, in response to a stressor. A stress in accordance to Walter Cannon (1871-1945), is any disturbance that imbalances the internal environment of an organism also known as homeostasis. Abiotic stressors are any ecological, geological, or climatological changes, that causes stress to the animal such as increased temperatures, and natural disasters.

There are different types of stress responses in an animal in response to stressors: physiological responses,

* Prolonged stress reduces parental behaviour toward offspring

Prolonged stress alters parental behaviour toward offspring and promotes parental neglect. Predation stress alters parents’ behaviours such as the reduction in provisioning rates, which negatively impacts the offspring’s performance. Oxytocin and vasopressin hormones are generally responsible for affiliative and pair-bonding behaviours in many species. Stress alters the level of both hormones resulting in abnormal behaviour from parents towards offspring. Levels of oxytocin decrease as a result of prolonged stress, which has been shown to reduce pair bonding behaviour and increase withdrawal behaviour. Prolactin is another important hormone that is associated with nurture by parents to offspring, and levels of this hormone can be altered as a result of stress. Reduced levels of prolactin as a result of stress decreases behaviours such as suckling, licking, and brooding.

### Transgenerational behavioural response to stress
Behavioural response to stress can go from parents to offspring. When an offspring observes the expression of behaviour such as fear in response to a stress stimulus, the same response would be elicited in the offspring when the stimulus is presented. Fear is transferred from mother to infant in response to a certain odour stimulus. Neural activity, such as the basal amygdala activity of the offspring’s brain, illustrated fear response. Parents’ behavioural response to stress can be transgenerational and can be proven via neural activity.

## References
Invercargill

**Invercargill** () is the southernmost and westernmost city in New Zealand, and one of the southernmost cities in the world. It is the commercial centre of the Southland region. It lies in the Southland Plains on the Oreti or New River some 18&nbsp;km north of Bluff, which is the southernmost town in the South Island. It sits amid rich farmland that is bordered by large areas of conservation land and marine reserves, including Fiordland National Park covering the south-west corner of the South Island and the Catlins coastal region.

## References
Richard H. Watson

**Richard H. Watson** is a New Zealand-born American biotechnology researcher, known for introducing grass-based dairies in Georgia. Watson specializes in animal nutrition and grazing systems.

## Career
In 1994, Watson got a Bachelors in Agricultural Science from Massey University (Palmerston North, New Zealand) and a Masters degree in Applied Science in 1995. Watson received his PhD for Animal science and Grazing systems in 2000 and was recruited by the University of Georgia to lead a cattle grazing research program in the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences where he helped developed a statewide grazing research program for cattle producers, looking at new forage and grazing technologies.

Watson served as the State Extension Forage Specialist and Assistant Research Professor at Department of Plant and Soil Sciences at Mississippi State University between January 2004 to August 2006.

## Notable publications
*Reinfection of Tall Fescue Cultivars with Non-Ergot Alkaloid–Producing Endophytes
*Liveweight and growth rate of cow-calf pairs grazing tall fescue pastures infected with either non-toxic (MaxQ) or toxic endophyte strains. Journal of Animal Science 79, Suppl. 1: 220.
*Use of temperature data loggers to measure body temperature in cows grazing toxic or non-toxic tall fescue. Journal of Animal Science 79, Suppl. 1: 458.
*Non-toxic endophyte (MaxQ) use for alleviating tall fescue toxicosis in stocker cattle. Journal of Animal Science 79, Suppl. 1: 220

## References
Jiří Kormaník

**Jiří Kormaník** (26 March 1935 – 3 November 2017) was a Czech amateur wrestler. He competed for Czechoslovakia at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Olympics in Greco-Roman wrestling and won a silver medal in 1964. He was born in Scăiuş, Caraș-Severin County, Romania.

Kormaník died in Chomutov on 3 November 2017 at the age of 82.

## References
Wendell Eugene

**Wendell Eugene** (October 12, 1923 – November 7, 2017) was an American jazz trombonist. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was a popular trombonist on the New Orleans jazz scene and recorded with artists such as Lionel Ferbos, Harold Dejan, and Kermit Ruffins.

Eugene died on 7 November 2017 in New Orleans of pneumonia at the age of 94.

## References
Bernhard Eckstein

**Bernhard Eckstein** (21 August 1935 &ndash; 10 November 2017) was a German cyclist. In 1960, he won the road race at the world championships and finished in 22nd place in the road race at the 1960 Summer Olympics. 

During his career he won six one-day races, four in 1958, one in 1960 (the Manx Trophy in the amateurs division), and one in 1966. He was born in Zwochau, Germany.

Eckstein died on 10 November 2017 in Berlin at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
Kalibangan

**Kalibangān** is a prehistoric site at  in Rajasthan. It is on the left or southern banks of the Ghaggar (Ghaggar-Hakra River), India. It is on a triangle-shaped piece of land at the confluence of Drishadvati and Sarasvathi Rivers. A report on the excavations at the site were published in 2003 by the Archaeological Survey of India, 34&nbsp;years after the completion of excavations. The report said that Kalibangan was a major provincial capital in the Indus Valley. Discoveries at Kalibangan include unique fire altars and world's earliest known ploughed field. There is also evidence of two types of burials, namely circular graves and rectangular graves.

## References
Erdoğan Demirören

**Erdoğan Demirören** (born 20 September 1937 in İnegöl, died on 8 June 2018 in İstanbul) is Turkish industrialist and businessman. He is owner, founder, and Chairman of the Board of Demirören Holding. Demirören also is a member of the High Advisory Council of Rumeli Administrators and Businessmen's Association.

He died of respiratory failure.

## References
Franciszek Kornicki

**Franciszek Kornicki** (18 December 1916 – 16 November 2017) was a Polish fighter pilot. He served in the Polish Air Force in Poland, France and Britain during the Second World War and later served in the Royal Air Force (RAF).

Kornicki died just a few weeks short of his 101st birthday in Worthing, England of a heart attack. He was the last surviving Polish fighter squadron commander from the Second World War.

## References
## Other websites
* Biographical sketch (this contains some inaccuracies) http://www.aviationart.pl/signatures/kornicki.htm 
* Kornicki at Goraska air show 2010 http://www.historicaircraftcollection.ltd.uk/poland/ 
* Press coverage of Korean edition of Kornicki's book http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20100308000036 
* Video of Kornicki reunited with a Spitfire he flew during the war http://www.hillingdontimes.co.uk/video/video/104636/
* Kornicki reunited with a Spitfire he flew during the war http://www.enfieldindependent.co.uk/news/battle/8405178.Battle_of_Britain_veteran_reunited_with_spitfire/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120309035033/http://www.times-series.co.uk/news/battle/8405178.Battle_of_Britain_veteran_reunited_with_spitfire/
List of English-translated volumes of Découvertes Gallimard

This is a complete list of English-translated volumes of the French book collection . In United Kingdom, the collection was published by Thames & Hudson under the title “New Horizons”, which contains 107 volumes. In United States, Harry N. Abrams produced 111 volumes in the collection “Abrams Discoveries”.

## List 
## Other websites 
* List of *Abrams Discoveries* series at Goodreads
* List of *New Horizons* series  at Publishing History
Rikard Wolff

**Jan Rikard Wolff** (8 April 1958 – 17 November 2017) was a Swedish actor and singer. His career included both movie roles in *House of Angels* and its two sequels and theatre roles such as in *Waiting for Godot* at Royal Dramatic Theatre, and *A Chorus Line* at The Göteborg Opera. He was born in Farsta, Sweden.

Wolff provided the voice of Scar in the Swedish-dub of *The Lion King*. Wolff was openly gay.

Wolff was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour for his work with French music. His best known song was *Pojken på månen* from the album of the same name.

Wolff died on 17 November 2017 in Stockholm, Sweden of emphysema at the age of 59.

## References
## Other websites
*
Salvatore Riina

**Salvatore** "**Totò**" **Riina** (; 16 November 1930 – 17 November 2017), called '''Totò 'u Curtu''' (; Totò being the diminutive of "Salvatore"), was an Italian mobster and chief of the Sicilian Mafia. He known for the murder campaign that reached a peak in the early 1990s when the assassinations of Antimafia Commission prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino occurred.

Riina advocated the killing of women and children, and killed blameless members of the public solely to distract law enforcing agencies. Assassin Giovanni Brusca estimated he murdered 100-200 people on behalf of Riina. 

After 23 years living as a fugitive he was captured.

Riina died on 17 November 2017 at the hospital in Parma of sepsis caused by surgery at the age of 87.

## References
Earle Hyman

**Earle Hyman** (October 11, 1926 &ndash; November 17, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. Hyman was known for his role on *ThunderCats* as the voice of Panthro. He also appeared on *The Cosby Show* as Cliff's father Russell Huxtable. He made his Broadway stage debut as a teenager in 1943 in *Run, Little Chillun*.

In 1980, he was nominated for a Tony Award and in 1986, was nominated for an Emmy Award.

Hyman died on November 17, 2017 in Englewood, New Jersey of stomach cancer at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*
Giorgio Antonucci

**Giorgio Antonucci** (1933 &ndash; 19 November 2017) was an Italian physician. He was born in Tuscany, Italy. He was known for his questioning of the basis of psychiatry. In 1969 he worked at the psychiatric hospital of Gorizia. From 1970 to 1972 he directed the mental hygiene centre of Castelnuovo nei Monti in the province of Reggio Emilia. From 1973 to 1996 he worked in Imola on the dismantling of the psychiatric hospitals *Osservanza* and *Luigi Lolli*.

Antonucci died on 19 November 2017 in Florence, Italy at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
* *The Man Who Closed the Asylums: Franco Basaglia and the Revolution in Mental Health Care ,* review by Dr Peter Barham,  Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, University of Oxford
* UK Parliament, *Memorandum from the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (DMH 291)*
Friedel Rausch

**Friedel Rausch** (27 February 1940 – 18 November 2017) was a German football player and manager.

In April 2006, Rausch was diagnosed with skin cancer. He died of the disease on 18 November 2017 at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
*Friedel Rausch at eintracht-archiv.de 
*Friedel Rausch  at mackolik.com
Commins Menapi

**Commins Menapi** (18 September 1977 – 18 November 2017) was a Solomon Islands striker. He was last the manager of Western United. He guided them to their first and only Telekom S league title season 2014/2015. 

In the 2006–2007 season, he became the first player to be sent off in a New Zealand Football Championship Grand Final. He represented the Solomon Islands national football team on over 30 occasions, scoring a record 34 goals (including 7 against non-FIFA members). Menapi was arguably the most famous Solomon Islands footballer.

Menapi died in Honiara on 18 November 2017 of a heart attack at the age of 40. 

## References
## Other websites
* Player profile  – Waitakere club website
Ben Riley

]]
**Ben Riley** (July 17, 1933 – November 18, 2017) was an American jazz drummer. He was born in Savannah, Georgia. He was known for his work with Thelonious Monk, as well as Alice Coltrane, Stan Getz, Woody Herman, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Ahmad Jamal, Kenny Barron, and as member of the group Sphere.  During the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet.

Riley died on November 18, 2017 in West Islip, New York at the age of 84. 

## References
## Other websites
* Ben Riley — Drummerworld
* Interview with Ben Riley — by Don Williams for *All About Jazz*
Why Him?

***Why Him?*** is a 2016 American comedy movie directed by John Hamburg, written by Hamburg and Ian Helfer. It stars James Franco, Bryan Cranston, Zoey Deutch, Megan Mullally, Griffin Gluck, Keegan-Michael Key and Kaley Cuoco with Cedric the Entertainer. The movie is about a father who tries to stop his daughter's childish tech-millionaire boyfriend from asking her to marry him.

*Why Him?* premiered in Los Angeles on December 17, 2016, was released by 20th Century Fox in the United States on December 23, 2016 and grossed $118 million worldwide.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* Filming Location
Naim Süleymanoğlu

**Naim Süleymanoğlu** (in Bulgaria forced to change as **Naim Suleymanov** (Bulgarian: Наим Сюлейманов), 23 January 1967 &ndash; 18 November 2017) was a Turkish World and Olympic Champion in weightlifting. In the 1988 Summer Olympics he set a record by lifting 190&nbsp;kg in the clean and jerk. He was awarded the Olympic Order in 2001. 

In 2000 and 2004 he was elected member of the International Weightlifting Federation Hall of Fame.

On 25 September 2017, he was hospitalized due to liver failure. On 6 October, he had liver transplantation was made when a liver donor was found. On 11 November a surgery was made due to a cerebral hemorrhage which led to cerebral edema. He died on 18 November 2017.

## References
Tai Chen-yao

** Tai Chen-yao** () (2 April 1948 – 19 November 2017), was a Taiwanese politician. He served three terms in the Legislative Yuan, from 1990 to 1996 and again from 1999 to 2002, and was later named vice chairman of the Council of Agriculture.

Tai died in Taipei of pancreatic cancer on 19 November 2017 at the age of 69.

## References
Hiromi Tsuru

was a Japanese actress. 
She was most known for voicing the character of Bulma (*Dragon Ball*) for over 31 years. She was born in Hokkaido, Japan.

She was also known for her roles as Ukyo Kuonji (*Ranma ½*),  Dokin-chan (*Soreike! Anpanman*), Madoka Ayukawa (*Kimagure Orange Road*), Miyuki Kashima (*Miyuki*), Reiko Mikami (*Ghost Sweeper Mikami*), Meryl Strife (*Trigun*) and Naomi Hunter (*Metal Gear Solid* series).

Tsuru died of an aortic dissection in Tokyo, Japan on November 16, 2017 at the age of 57.

## References
Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo

**Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo** (27 August 1925 – 19 November 2017) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was archpriest of the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls from 2005 to 2009. He was made a cardinal and made a cardinal-deacon by Pope Benedict XVI on 24 March 2006. He was elevated, according to custom, to the rank of cardinal-priest by Pope Francis on 20 June 2016. He was born in Turin, Italy..

## References
## Other websites
*Catholic Hierarchy – Andrea *Cardinal* Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo
*Catholic Pages
Fernando Matthei

**Fernando Matthei Aubel** (July 11, 1925 &ndash; November 19, 2017) was a Chilean Air Force General. He was born in Osorno, Chile. He was part of the military junta that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, replacing the dismissed Gustavo Leigh as Air Force Commander in Chief on July 24, 1978.

From 1976 through 1978, Matthei served as Minister of Health.

Matthei was part of the Junta from 1977 to 1990, retiring from the Air Force in July 1991.

Matthei died on November 19, 2017 in Santiago, Chile of cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*Allegations of human rights violations
Youssouf Ouédraogo

**Youssouf Ouédraogo** (25 December 1952 – 18 November 2017) was a Burkinabe politician.

In 1992 he became the first Prime Minister of Burkina Faso since 1983, serving from 16 June 1992 to 22 March 1994. Ouédraogo, a member of the ruling Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP), later served as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from January 1999 to June 2007.
## Biography 
Ouédraogo was born in Tikaré, in Bam Province. Under Thomas Sankara, Ouédraogo was appointed to the government as Minister of Planning and Popular Development on 31 August 1984, remaining in that position for three years. Shortly after Sankara was assassinated in October 1987, Ouédraogo became Minister for the Plan and Cooperation under Blaise Compaoré. He left that position on 25 April 1989 and became President of the Economic and Social Council, in which position he served until he was elected to the National Assembly as a deputy from Bam in the May 1992 parliamentary election. He was appointed as Prime Minister by Compaoré on 16 June 1992.

The CFA franc was devaluated in January 1994, and this was followed by controversy. Ouédraogo signed an agreement with trade unions to raise salaries on 12 March 1994, but the agreement fell through and Ouédraogo resigned a few days later. He then served as Ambassador to Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Luxembourg and the European Union before being appointed as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in January 1999.

Ouédraogo was elected to the National Assembly again in the 2007 parliamentary election as a candidate of the CDP from Bam Province. In the government of Prime Minister Tertius Zongo, which was appointed on 10 June 2007, he was replaced as Foreign Minister by Djibrill Bassolé. He subsequently became Special Adviser to the President of the African Development Bank.

## References
Pancho Segura

**Pancho** "**Segoo**" **Segura** (**Francisco Olegario Segura**; June 20, 1921 – November 18, 2017) was a leading Ecuadorian-American tennis player of the 1940s and 1950s. In 1950 and 1952, as a professional, he was the World Co-No. 1 player.  He was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, but moved to the United States in the late 1930s. He was the only player to have won the US Pro title on three different surfaces (which he did consecutively from 1950 to 1952).

In later years, Segura became a tennis coach and was known for coaching Jimmy Connors.

Segura died on November 18, 2017 at the age of 96 at his home in Carlsbad, California from complications of Parkinson's disease.

## References
Muhammad Mansuruddin

**Muhammad Mansuruddin** (31 January 1904 – 19 September 1987) was a Bengali writer, literary critic, lexicographer. He is noted for his folklore collection titled "Haramoni". In 1987, he received doctor of literature degree from Rabindra Bharati University for his lifelong contribution to folklore collection and research. He also received second highest civilian honor Ekushey Padak and highest civilian honor Independence Day Award given by Government of Bangladesh in 1983 and 1984 respectively.
In 1925, when he was studying at Rajshahi College, he married Sharifun Nisa. They had six sons and six daughters.

He wrote several biography books. Those are *Iraner Kobi* (Poet of Iran) (1968), biography of prophet Muhammad titled *Hazrat Muhammader Jiboni O Sadhona* (Life and Spirituality of Muhammad), and *Hazrat Shah Waliullah* and *Harun Rashid*. His books for children are *Bokami* (Foolishness) (1952), *Thokami* (Deception) (1958) and *Mushkil Ahsan* (Problem Solving) (1958). In 1957, he compiled a dictionary, *Hashir Ovidhan*, which includes Bengali idioms.

## Death
Mansuruddin died on 19 September 1987 in Dhaka.

## Works
* *Haramoni* (Lost gems) (13 parts, 1930-1989)
* *Shirni* (1931)
* *Dhaner Manjari* (Sheaves of Paddy) (1933)
* *Agarbati* (Incense) (1938)
* *Bangla Sahitye Muslim Sadhana* (Muslim Spirituality in Bengali Literature) (3parts, 1960-1966)
* *Iraner Kobi* (Poet of Iran) (1968)

## Awards and honors
* Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Award, Calcutta University, (1926)
* Bangla Academy Award (1965)
* Sher-e-Bangla National Award and Gold Medal (1980)
* Muktadhara Sahitya Award (1982)
* Ekushey Padak (1983)
* Nasiruddin Gold Medal (1983)
* Alokto Sahitya Puroshker (1983)
* Independence Day Award (1984)
* Kalu Shah Puroshker (1986)
* Honorary D. Lit degree from Rabindra Bharati University in 1987

## Bibliography
* Ahmed, Tofael (1983). *Bangladesher Atmaar Sondhaney Sahitya Acharjya* (In Search of the Soul of Bangladesh). Dhaka.
* Chowdhury, Momin (1988). *Muhammad Mansururddin*. Dhaka.
* Helal, Nasir (1999). *Lekhak Ovidhan* (Writers' Dictionary). Dhaka: Bangla Academy.

## References
Fernando Ricksen

**Fernando Jacob Hubertina Hendrika Ricksen** (27 July 1976 &ndash; 18 September 2019) was a Dutch former professional footballer. He played as a right back and right midfielder. He was mostly known for his six-year spell at Rangers. He earned 12 caps for the Netherlands at international level.

## Death
On 30 October 2013, Ricksen revealed he was terminally ill and had been diagnosed with ALS (motor neurone disease). He died from problems caused by the disease on 18 September 2019 in Airdrie, North Lanarkshire at the age of 43.

## Honours
### Club
;Fortuna Sittard
*Eerste Divisie: 1994–95

;AZ
*Eerste Divisie: 1997–98

;Rangers
*Scottish Premier League: 2002–03, 2004–05
*Scottish Cup: 2001–02, 2002–03
*Scottish League Cup: 2002, 2003, 2005

;Zenit Saint Petersburg
*Russian Premier League: 2007
*Russian Super Cup: 2008
*UEFA Cup: 2007–08
*UEFA Super Cup: 2008

## References
## Other websites
*  Profile at the official FC Zenit St. Petersburg website
Michael Aspel

**Michael Terence Aspel**, OBE (born 12 January 1933) is an English television presenter.He is known for his programmes such as *Crackerjack*, *Aspel & Company*, *This is Your Life*, *Strange but True?* and *Antiques Roadshow*. He was born in London.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Michael Aspel biography at BFI Screenonline
* Interview with *Liverpool Daily Post*
Canaan (son of Noah)

According to Islam, **Yam, son of Noah** was the fourth son of Noah.

Yam is not in the Jewish holy book, the Torah, or the Christian holy book, the Bible.  Those two books talk about Yam's older brothers, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, but Yam is only in the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an.  

In the Muslim version of the story of the Great Flood, Yam did not believe in God the way his father, mother and brothers did.  They followed God's instructions and Noah built a large boat, the ark, in time to survive the flood, but Yam drowned instead.

According to the Qur'an, Noah asked Yam to come with him on the boat, but Yam decided to climb a mountain instead: "O my son, come aboard with us and be not with the disbelievers." Canaan said, "I will take refuge on a mountain to protect me from the water." Noah said, "There is no protector today from the decree of The Lord our God, except from whom He gives mercy." Then it is mentioned that Yam drowned.

## Other versions of Canaan
The holy books of the Jews, Christians and Muslims also talk about Canaan (son of Ham), Noah's grandson.  This Canaan is still alive after the flood.  One Jewish scholar thinks this Canaan might have been Noah's son and not grandson.  So this could be the same Canaan or it could be another person with the same name.

## References
Freddie Jones

**Frederick Charles Jones** (12 September 1927 &ndash; 9 July 2019) was an English character actor. He portrayed Sandy Thomas in *Emmerdale*. He appeared in David Lynch's movies *The Elephant Man* (1980), *Dune* (1984), *Wild at Heart* (1990) as well as the short-lived television series *On the Air* (1992) and the short movie *Hotel Room* (1993).

Jones died on 9 July 2019 at the age of 91 after a short illness.

## References
## Other websites
*
Shane MacGowan

**Shane Patrick Lysaght MacGowan** (25 December 1957 – 30 November 2023) was an Irish-British musician and singer-songwriter. He was best known as the lead singer and songwriter of Celtic punk band the Pogues. He was also a member of the Nipple Erectors and Shane MacGowan and the Popes, as well as producing his own solo material.

In the summer of 2015, MacGowan fell as he was leaving a Dublin studio, breaking his pelvis. MacGowan used a wheelchair after the accident.
Following years of deteriorating health, he died of pneumonia in 30 November 2023, aged 65.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Shane MacGowan website
Hou Zongbin

**Hou Zongbin** (; January 1929 – 14 November 2017) was a Chinese politician. He served as Governor of Shaanxi Province from 1987 to 1990, as Communist Party Secretary of Henan Province from 1990 to 1992, and as Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 1992 to 1998.

Hou died on 14 November 2017 in Beijing of a heart attack at the age of 88.

## References
Kim Tae-yeon discography

'''Taeyeon's discography''' consists of a studio album, two EPs, twenty singles and ten soundtracks. The singer debuted in girl group Girls' Generation in August 2007 and then in Girls' Generation-TTS in May 2012. Her solo career began in 2015 with the release of her debut mini-album entitled *I*. The EP was a commercial success in South Korea, where it reached number two on Gaon Album Chart and since then has sold more than 140,000 physical copies. The single of the same name managed to position itself in the first position of Gaon Digital Chart and has sold more than 1,8 million digital copies. In February 2016, Taeyeon published "Rain" as the first single from SM Station. The single reached the maximum position in Gaon Digital Chart and was ranked number three in Billboard World Digital Songs. His second EP, Why, was released in June 2016, reaching the top in Gaon Album Chart and managed to sell more than 110,000 physical copies. He produced two singles that were included in the mini album, "Starlight" and "Why". Subsequently, he released a digital single titled "11:11" in November, which was ranked second in Gaon Digital Chart.

Taeyeon released her first studio album, *My Voice*, in February 2017. The album won first place in Gaon Album Chart and sold more than 109,000 physical copies in its first month of release. He produced the single "Fine", which was number one on Gaon Digital Chart and reached number seven on Billboard World Digital Songs.

## Albums 
### Studio albums 
### Extended plays 
## Singles 
### As lead artist 
### As featured artist 
### Promotional singles
## Soundtrack appearances
## Other charted songs 
## Music videos 
## Notes 
## References
Adalberto Giazotto

**Adalberto Giazotto** (1 February 1940 – 16 November 2017) was an Italian physicist. He was born in Genoa, Italy. He helped design the Virgo interferometer, which first detected gravitational waves in 2017. 

Giazotto won the Caterina Tomassoni e Felice Pietro Chisesi Prize, a Matteucci Medal, and shared the Enrico Fermi Prize with Barry Barish in 2016.

Giazotto died in Rome, Italy of a heart attack on 16 November 2017 at the age of 77.

## References
Claudio Báez

**Claudio Báez** (23 March 1948 – 19 November 2017) was a Mexican television actor. He was born in Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico. He was known for the television series *Mundo de fieras* (2006), *A Shelter for Love* (2012) and *El privilegio de amar* (1998).

Báez died on 19 November 2017 at the age of 69.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Waiuku

**Waiuku** is a country town in the Auckland Region in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located at the southern end of the Waiuku River. It is 40 kilometres southwest of Auckland city centre, and 12 kilometres north of the mouth of the Waikato River.
Jana Novotná

**Jana Novotná** (; 2 October 1968 – 19 November 2017) was a professional Czech tennis player. 

Novotna was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia . She played a serve and volley game among women during her career. She won the women's singles title at Wimbledon in 1998 and was runner-up in three previous Grand Slam tournaments. She won a silver medal in doubles at the 1988 Summer Olympics. She won the silver medal in doubles and the bronze medal in singles at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Novotná also won 12 Grand Slam women's doubles titles and four mixed doubles titles. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 2 in 1997, and achieved the No. 1 ranking in doubles. Novotná retired from the professional tour in 1999. 

Novotná died of cancer in Brno on 19 November 2017 at the age of 49. She was in a relationship with Polish tennis player Iwona Kuczynska until her death.

## References
Terry Glenn

**Terry Tyree Glenn** (July 23, 1974&nbsp;– November 20, 2017) was an American college and professional football player. He was born in Columbus, Ohio. He was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 12 seasons. He played college football for Ohio State University. He was drafted by the New England Patriots seventh overall in 1996, and also played for the Green Bay Packers and Dallas Cowboys.

Glenn died in a car crash in Irving, Texas on November 20, 2017 at the age of 43.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*Green Bay Packers bio
Janusz Wójcik

**Janusz Marek Wójcik** (November 18, 1953 – November 20, 2017) was a Polish politician and former football player and coach. He was born in Warsaw. From 2005 to 2007, he was a member of the Sejm. He was a member of the Samoobrona.

Wójcik played in several clubs at home and abroad, including Agrykola, Gwardia, Ursus and Hutnik Warszawa, Ravalpandi (Pakistan) and the Toronto Falcons (Canada). He trained the Polish national football team. On 21 April 2008 he was appointed as Widzew Lodz manager.

In 2010 Wójcik was hired as manager for Omani club, Al-Nahda.

Wójcik died on November 20, 2017 in Warsaw at the age of 64.

## References
Robert Clotworthy

**Robert Bruce Clotworthy** (born October 24, 1955) is an American actor. He is best known as the narrator for the History Channel series *Ancient Aliens* and his role as the voice of Jim Raynor in the *StarCraft* video game series. 

## Filmography
### Films
### Television
### Video games
## References
## Other websites
*
*Clotworthy's official website
*Twitter
*Clotworthy's Facebook
Bob Clotworthy

**Robert Lynn "Bob" Clotworthy** (May 8, 1931 &ndash; June 1, 2018) was an American diver. He competed in the 3 m springboard at the 1952 and 1956 Olympics and won a bronze and a gold medal. He also won two medals at the 1955 Pan American Games. In 1980 he was added into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.

Clotworthy died on June 1, 2018 in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 87. 

## References
## Other websites
Víctor Hipólito Martínez

**Víctor Hipólito Martínez** (November 21, 1924 &ndash; November 20, 2017) was an Argentine lawyer and politician. He was best known for his position as Vice President of Argentina during the Raúl Alfonsín administration serving from 1983 to 1989. He was born in Córdoba, Argentina.

Martínez died on November 20, 2017 at a clinic in Villa Allende, Córdoba, Argentina of complications from pneumonia at the age of 92.

## References
Kamala (wrestler)

**James Harris** (May 28, 1950 &ndash; August 9, 2020) was an American professional wrestler and author. For most of his career, Harris wrestled under the ring name **Kamala**, using a "wild savage" gimmick. He was born in Senatobia, Mississippi.

On November 7, 2011, Harris had his left leg amputated below the knee due to complications of high blood pressure and diabetes, a condition he has had since 1992, but not accepting dialysis treatment, forcing him to retire on 2010.

On November 19, 2017, Harris underwent "life-saving" emergency surgery at a hospital in Oxford, Mississippi. The cause for the surgery was not disclosed. Following the surgery, he was put on life support due to complications resulting from the surgery.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tongkang LRT Station

**Tongkang LRT Station**  is an LRT station on the Sengkang LRT Line West Loop in Sengkang, Singapore. It was opened in January 2005. At the same time, the Punggol LRT East Loop opened.

## Name
The station's name refers to a light boat (*tongkang*) that was used for transportation on rivers. It was named *Tongkang* because the area it was located in used to be closely related with water activities. Also, there was a Malay village named *Kampong Tongkang Pechah* located southward, near to Gerald Drive & Jalan Kechubong.

## Sources
Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme

**Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme** GCON (October 21, 1932 – November 19, 2017) was a Nigerian politician. He was the first elected Vice-President of Nigeria, in office from 1979 to 1983. Ekwueme served during the Shehu Shagari administration. He was born in the Anambra State. He was a member of the National Party of Nigeria.

Ekwueme died of complications from a fall at a hospital in London on November 19, 2017 at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ryza Cenon

**Rhiza Ann Cenon Simbulan**, popularly known as *Ryza Cenon*, is a Filipina actress, dancer, and model. 

## Biography
Ryza Cenon was born on December 21, 1987 in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. 

In 2004, she auditioned in the talent show *StarStruck Season 2* of GMA Network along with fellow stars Megan Young, Mike Tan, and LJ Reyes. She became the *Ultimate Female Survivor* of the StarStruck Season 2 in the same year. As an actress she appeared on several TV shows of GMA Network like *Darna* (2004), *Majika* (2006), *Fantastic Man* (2007), and *Machete* (2011). 

She became famous when she starred as the mistress Georgia Ferrer in the Philippine afternoon drama series *Ika-6 na Utos* (2016).

## References
## Other websites
*
Milan Moguš

**Milan Moguš** () (April 27, 1927 – November 19, 2017) was a Croatian linguist and academician. He was born in Senj, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (now Croatia). He studied at the University of Zagreb. He served as the Chairman of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts from January 1, 2004 through November 11, 2010.

Moguš died on November 19, 2017 in Zagreb of coronary artery disease, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
*Milan Moguš biography at the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts website
Warren "Pete" Moore

**Warren "Pete" Moore** (November 19, 1939 – November 19, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter and record producer. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was known as the bass singer for Motown group The Miracles from 1955 onwards.

Moore was one of the group's original members. He was also a 2012 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductee, and a BMI and ASCAP award-winning songwriter, and was the vocal arranger on all of the group's hits.

Moore died on his 78th birthday in Las Vegas, Nevada on November 19, 2017.

## References
## Other websites
**Songs Written by Pete Moore * list with song positions and chart dates
* Interview with *Pete Moore* of *The Miracles* on the group's 2012 Rock Hall Induction
Meissner effect

]]

The **Meissner effect** is when a magnetic field is pushed out of a superconductor when it becomes superconducting. If you were to put a superconductor in the field of a big magnet and you looked just inside the superconductor, you would see that the magnetic field was much smaller than it was outside. The deeper in you looked, the closer it would be to zero. This is one of the ways that superconductors are not the same as perfect conductors, which do let magnetic fields pass through them.

The effect was discovered by Walter Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld in 1933. They saw that because the magnetic field cannot go through the superconductor, the field right outside the superconductor becomes stronger.

One example of the Meissner effect is a magnet levitating above a superconducting plate cooled by liquid nitrogen. In order to stop the magnetic field from going into the superconductor, the superconductor acts like a magnet pointing the opposite direction. This repels the real magnet and stops it from coming any closer.

## References
Gillian Rolton

**Gillian Rolton** (3 May 1956 – 18 November 2017) was an Australian Olympic equestrian champion. She competed in two Olympic Games, the 1992 Barcelona Games and 1996 Atlanta Games, winning a gold medal in team eventing both times on her horse, Peppermint Grove. She was only one of four Australians to win multiple equestrian Olympic gold medals. She was born in Adelaide, South Australia.

Rolton was awarded the Order of Australia Medal in the 1993 Australia Day honours "for service to sport as a gold medallist in the equestrian three-day event at the Olympic Games".

Rolton died of endometrial cancer in Adelaide on 18 November 2017 at the age of 61.

## References
Karen Shepherd

**Karen F. Shepherd** (born July 5, 1940 in Silver City, New Mexico) is an American politician of the Democratic Party.

She was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Utah from 1993 to 1995. 

Shepherd studied at the University of Utah and at Brigham Young University.

## References
Merrill Cook

**Merrill Alonzo Cook** (May 6, 1946 &ndash; March 9, 2026) was an American businessman and politician of the Republican Party. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Utah from 1997 to 2001.

Cook was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at the University of Utah and at Harvard University.

He was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Cook died on March 9, 2026 in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 79.

## References 
## Other websites
Indawgyi Lake

**Indawgyi Lake** ( ) is one of the largest inland lakes in Southeast Asia. It is located in Mohnyin Township in the Kachin State of Myanmar. The lake measures  east to west, and  north to south.

## References
Ned Jarrett

**Ned Jarrett** (born October 12, 1932) is a retired race car driver and two-time NASCAR Grand National Series champion. He was born in Conover, North Carolina. He was best known for his calm attitude and he became known as **"Gentleman Ned Jarrett"**. He is the father of former drivers Glenn Jarrett and Dale Jarrett and grandfather of Jason Jarrett.

Jarrett was added into the 2011 class of the NASCAR Hall of Fame on May 18 2011.

## References
## Other websites
*Drivers statistics at racing-reference.info
*International Motorsports Hall of Fame 
*Oceanside Rotary Club of Daytona Beach Hall of Fame 
*Transcript of Jarrett's July 4, 1984 interview of President Ronald Reagan on MRN Radio 
*Talladega Walk of Fame 
*Account of the 1965 Southern 500 
*Biography
John Gordon

**John Gordon** (19 November 1925 – 20 November 2017) was an English writer of supernatural fiction. He wrote fifteen fantasy novels (including *The Giant Under The Snow*), four short story collections, over fifty short stories and a teenage memoir. He was born in Jarrow, Tyne & Wear. 

Gordon died on 20 November 2017 at his Norwich, Norfolk home of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
* John Gordon at Amazon
* A review of *Fen Runners* at The Bookbag
John Gordon (disambiguation)

**John**, **Johnny**, **Jonathan** or **Jon Gordon** may refer to:

* John Gordon (1925&ndash;2017), English writer of teenage supernatural fiction
* John Gurdon (born 1933), British biologist, 2012 winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* John R. Gordon (born 1964), English screenwriter
* John Gorton (1911&ndash;2002), 19th Prime Minister of Australia
* John A. Gordon (born 1946), deputy director of the CIA, Homeland Security advisor
* John Gordon (badminton) (born 1978), New Zealand badminton player
* John Gordon (cricketer) (1886–1933), English cricketer
* John Steele Gordon (born 1944), American business and economics writer
John A. Gordon

**John Alexander Gordon** (August 22, 1946 &ndash; April 19, 2020) was an American politician and military personnel. He was Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He served as the President George W. Bush's Homeland Security Advisor from 2003 to 2004.

Gordon died on April 19, 2020 in Columbia, Missouri at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography
Rodney Bewes

**Rodney Bewes** (27 November 1937 – 21 November 2017) was an English television actor and writer. He was best known for playing Bob Ferris in the BBC television sitcom *The Likely Lads* (1964–66) and in its sequel *Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?* (1973–74).

Bewes died a week before his 80th birthday on 21 November 2017 in Manchester of vascular dementia.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
* Feature from Wales on Sunday, archived by The Free Library
* Daily Mail article from 2010
Yanam

**Yanam** is a town in the Yanam district, Union territory of Puducherry, India. This town along with nearby villages form the district in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh.

## Population
According to the 2011 Census of India, the total population of Yanam is 55,626. The literacy rate of the city is 79.47%

## References
Ham sandwich theorem

The **ham sandwich theorem** is a math theorem that says that a number of objects in the same number of dimension can be cut into two equal parts with a cut that is one dimension less.

## Examples 
### One dimension 
One dimension is a line. A section of the line can be cut exactly in half with a single point.

### Two dimensions 
Two dimensions is a flat sheet. Two shapes on this sheet can be cut exactly in half with a single line.

### Three dimensions 
Three dimensions is space. Three objects in space can be cut exactly in half with a single flat sheet.

### Four dimensions 
Four dimensions is a hyperspace. Four hyper-objects can be cut exactly in half with a single space.

## Name 
The theorem is called the ham sandwich theorem because a sandwich with bread, cheese, and ham consists of three ingredients and lies in three-dimensional space. Thanks to the ham sandwich theorem it is possible to make one cut with a knife to divide the bread, the cheese, and the ham fairly between both sides.
Layar LRT Station

**Layar LRT Station**  is an LRT station on the West Loop of the Sengkang LRT Line. It is on the western side of Sungei Punggol (Punggol River). It was opened together with the East Loop of the Punggol LRT Line.
## Name
"*Layar*" means "sail" in Malay. It is related to moving.

## Sources
## Other websites
*SBS Transit Website
Zoltan Istvan

**Zoltan Istvan Gyurko**, journalist, entrepreneur and Libertarian futurist.

Formerly a reporter for the National Geographic Channel. He wrote for ''Vice's Motherboard*, *Wired*, *The Huffington Post*, *TechCrunch* and *Newsweek''.

In late 2014, Istvan announced his plans to run for President of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. In 2017, Istvan announced his plans to run for Governor of California in the 2018 election as a member of the Libertarian Party.

In November 2017, Istvan announced his plans to run for President of the United States in the 2020 presidential election for the Libertarian Party. In January 2019, he announced that he withdrew from the Libertarian primary.

In November 2019, Istvan announced his candidacy for the Republican Party's nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election, hoping to win the GOP nomination against President Donald Trump.

## References
## Other websites
* Zoltan Istvan's personal site
* Transhumanist Party's website
Renjong LRT Station

**Renjong LRT Station**  is an LRT station in Sengkang, Singapore. It opened on January 2005. At the same time, the east loop of Punggol LRT Line opened.

## Name
There was a road called Lorong Rending near the station, so the station got its name from the road.
## Sources
## Other websites
*SBS Transit Website
Sengkang

**Sengkang** is a town in Singapore in its north-eastern part. Seletar and Punggol are north of it, Pasir Ris and Paya Lebar are on its east, Hougang and Serangoon are on its south and Yishun and Ang Mo Kio are on its west.

It used to be a fishing village. Then, it was built-up very quickly by the Housing and Development Board (HDB). 4 neighbourhoods make up the town.

## Name
*Sengkang* is a Chinese word meaning "prosperous harbour". The name came from a road called Lorong Sengkang. It was near Lorong Buangkok.

## History
There used to be farms and forests, and the only building was the Punggol Rural Centre. In 2005, it was removed to make space for newer buildings.

Its theme is "Town of the Seafarer", based on its rich history.

## Zones
Sengkang is split into 7 zones.
*Rivervale, Singapore
*Compassvale
*Anchorvale
*Fernvale, Singapore
*Sengkang Town Centre
*Sengkang West
*Lorong Halus North

## Transportation
Many buses and the Sengkang LRT Line serve the town. Sengkang MRT and LRT Station and Buangkok MRT Station are the MRT stations in Sengkang. They are on the North East MRT Line.

## Sources
## Other websites
*Sengkang Town Council
*Ang Mo Kio Town Council
11:11

"**11:11**" is a song recorded by the South Korean singer Taeyeon. It was published as a digital single on November 1, 2016 by SM Entertainment. The song was written by Kim Eana and produced by Christian Vinten and Chelcee Grimes.

## Background and release 
On October 28, 2016, Taeyeon announced that she would release a digital single titled "11:11". The song is described as a pop ballad that features the melody of quiet acoustic guitar that adapts to the atmosphere of late autumn. The lyrics are about the reminiscences of a girl about making wishes with her old love when the clock ticks 11:11.

"11:11" and his music video were released on November 1st. Taeyeon filmed a live acoustic performance of the song, which was released on November 8.

## Reception 
"11:11" debuted at number two in the Gaon Digital Chart of South Korea from October 30 to November 5, 2016 It was the second single from November 2016 on Gaon Digital Chart, which was behind "TT" by Twice. "11:11" charted at number 89 on the Gaon Year-end Digital Chart of 2016, It additionally peaked at number 5 on the *Billboard* World Digital Songs chart. As of March 2017, "11:11" sold over 900,000 digital copies in South Korea.

## Track listing
## Charts
### Year-end chart 
## Sales 
## Release history 
## References
Firozabad district

**Firozabad district** is a district in Uttar Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is Firozabad city. This district is a part of the Agra Division.

## Population
According to the 2011 Census of India, the Firozabad district has a population of 2,496,761. This gives it a ranking of 173rd in India (out of a total of 640 districts).

## Religions
The city has some popular Hindu temples, mainly Vaishno Devi Dham, the Kela Devi Temple, and the Gopal ashram (Hanuman temple).

There are many Jain temples in Firozabad including the well-known Chadamilal Jain temple, the Shri Shuparshnath Jain mandir in Gher Khokal (Mahaveer Chowk) and Chandprabhu Jain mandir in Khidki.

## Culture
An annual fair is held in Chandwar on October&nbsp;2 . The Jama Masjid, constructed by the 16th century Mughal emperor Akbar' is the oldest mosque in the district.

## References