open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tango Province

) with Tango Province highlighted]]

 was an old province in the area of Kyoto Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  Along with Tamba Province, it was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Tajima, Tamba, and Wakasa provinces.

Maizuru or Miyazu was the capital city of the province.

## History
, 1852-1858]]
In 713 (*Wadō 6, 3rd month*), Tango was  from Tamba province.  

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Tango Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Geography
Tango faced the Sea of Japan.

## Shrines and Temples
*Kono jinja* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Tango.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Royal New Zealand Navy

The **Royal New Zealand Navy** is the navy of New Zealand. It is the maritime arm of the **New Zealand Defence Force**. As of 2023, the Navy have nine ships and fly eight naval helicopters from the Royal New Zealand Air Force. The Navy was formed during World War II on 1st October 1941. Prior to that the Royal Navy had protected New Zealand.

## History
*WIP*

## Organisation
The Navy's fleet is grouped into four groups (also called forces).
* **Naval Combat Force**: The Navy's fighting ships (frigates).
* **Naval Patrol Force**: The Navy's patrol boats.
* **Logistics Support Force**: The Navy's support ships (e.g. tankers).
* **Littoral Warfare Support Group**: The Navy's coastal forces.
Air support uses the SH-2G Seasprite helicopter. They are operated by both the Navy and Air Force. They are part of No. 6 Squadron RNZAF. The helicopters mainly serve on HMNZS Canterbury, the frigates and the Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs).
### Current Role
* **Defence**: "to secure New Zealand from external threat, to protect our sovereign interests, including in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and to be able to take action to meet likely contingencies in our strategic area of interest."
* **International Participation**: Supporting peace-keeping and other missions around the globe.
* **Civilian Support**: Helping Government agencies such as customs.
### Bases
The Navy has one base in Auckland Harbour called the **Devonport Naval Base**. It is named after the naval base in Plymouth, Britain. The base includes harbour facilities for the whole fleet. It also includes a dry-dock, once the biggest in the Southern Hemisphere, and the Navy's school.

## Personnel
On 1 July 2007 the RNZN had a total of 2,034 Regular Force personnel, 237 Naval Reserve personnel and 378 civilian employees, totalling 2,699. Around 1800 of that total are based at the Devonport Naval base in Auckland.

On 1 January 2011 the RNZN consisted of 2,135 Regular Force personnel, 332 Naval Reserve personnel and 375 civilian staff. 

## Vessels
*This is not a complete list of all Royal Navy vessels. It is a simplified version of only the major units for simplicity.*
### Anzac Class Frigate
**HMNZS Te Kaha (F77)** is one of the navy's two frigates. She entered service in 1997. Her name means *strength* in Maori. She has served in the Persian Gulf and Solomon Islands.

**HMNZS Te Mana (F111)** is one of the navy's two frigates. She entered service in 1999. Her name means *authority* in Maori. She is regularly sent to the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman on patrol.

### Canterbury Class MRV
**HMNZS Canterbury (L421)** is the navy's flagship. She entered service in 2007. She is named after one of the big cities in New Zealand, Canterbury. The last HMNZS Canterbury was a famous ship in the Navy. She can do a variety of roles to support the Navy and Army. She has responded to all of the major disasters in Australia and New Zealand since her commissioning.

## References
Prime Minister of Thailand

The **Prime Minister of Thailand** (; ) is the head of government of Thailand. The Prime Minister is also the chair of the Cabinet of Thailand. The office was created after the Revolution of 1932. This was when the country became a constitutional monarchy.

## List of prime ministers
## References 
## Other websites
* Official Website, website for the Royal Thai Government
* History of Thai Prime Ministers , a detailed list of Prime Ministers
Androidland

system)]]
**Androidland** is the first Android retail store, opened by the company Telstra on Bourke Street, Melbourne, Australia, in December 2011. Two more Androidland stores opened in India in 2013. 

## Related pages
* Google Nexus
* Galaxy Nexus

## References
## Other websites
*Official Telstra Press Release
*News of about the store at the Official Google Australia Blog
*Images of the store
Etchū Province

) with Etchu Province highlighted]]

 was an old province of Japan in the area of Toyama Prefecture on the island of Honshū. Along with Echizen and Echigo Provinces, it was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Echigo, Shinano, Hida, Kaga, and Noto provinces. 

The capital city of the province was Takaoka. 

## History
The Noto Peninsula and Noto Province was separated from Etchū during the reign of Empress Genshō. 

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Etchū Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Takase jinja*, *Keta jinja* and *Oyama jinja* were the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of Etchū.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Leka, Crown Prince of Albania

**Leka, Crown Prince of Albania** was Albanian (also known as *King Leka I*; 5 April 193930 November 2011), was the only son of King Zog I of Albania. Leka was also called **King Leka of Albania**, but he was never the ruler of the country.

He was born in Tirana in 1939. Two days later, the family was forced to leave Albania after Italy invaded the country. from heart and lung illnesss.

## Ancestors
## Other sources
* Dedet, Joséphine "Géraldine, reine des Albanais". Paris: Belfond, 2016, published at the occasion of Prince Leka's wedding in Tirana, on October 8, 2016 (Leka being Geraldine's grand-son) ; former editions: Criterion, 1997  and Belfond, 2012, . Biography enriched by the Queen's testimony, by her personal archives and by a huge correspondence with the author, who has benefited of many unpublished sources.
* Dedet, Joséphine, Géraldine, Egy Magyar No Albania Tronjan, Budapest : Europa, 2015, , best-seller in Hungary, translation of Géraldine, reine des Albanais".
* Najbor, Patrice. "Histoire de l'Albanie et de sa Maison Royale" (5 volumes) - JePublie - Paris - 2008
* Rees, Neil. *A Royal Exile – King Zog & Queen Geraldine of Albania including their wartime exile in the Thames Valley and Chilterns*, 2010 ()
Toulouse Tech

**Toulouse Tech**, also known as the **Toulouse Institute of Technology** is one of the collegiate universities in France. It was created in 2007. It gathers 16 of the best French schools, covering engineering science, management, architecture and veterinary, aiming to be of comparable status to the most famous universities of technology around the world.

## Colleges and institutes
* École nationale de l'aviation civile
* École nationale supérieure de formation de l’enseignement agricole
* École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tarbes
* École nationale de la météorologie
* École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Toulouse
* École nationale supérieure en génie des technologies industrielles
* École des mines d'Albi-Carmaux
* École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse
* École d'ingénieurs de Purpan
* Toulouse Business School
* Institut catholique d'arts et métiers
* École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse
* École nationale supérieure d'électrotechnique, d'électronique, d'informatique, d'hydraulique et des télécommunications
* École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques
* Institut national des sciences appliquées de Toulouse
* Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace

## Facts and Figures
From the official website:

*850 teachers-researchers
*14,000 students
*22 millions of euros in research

## References
## Further reading 
* Toulouse Tech
Queen's Gambit Declined

The '''Queen's Gambit Declined''' is a chess opening which starts with 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6. It is an old opening, and one of the most important. It is often used in top-class play. In this opening, called QGD for short, the struggle for the centre is the strategy of both players. Unlike the Queen's Gambit Accepted, Black keeps his pawn on d5 protected. A simple example:

:1.d4 d5
:2.c4 e6
:3.Nc3 Nf6 
:4.Bg5 Be7 
:5.e3 0-0
:6.Nf3 c6
:7.cxd5 exd5
:8.Bd3 Nbd7 (Black could play 8...Ne4 here)
:9.0-0 h6
:10.Bh4

Here White has more space, and Black has to decide how to develop his pieces. It is easier to play the white pieces in this kind of position. However, overall, black players do as well with this defence as with most others. Best for Black in this position is 10...Ne4 or 10...Re8.
Connie Talbot

**Connie Victoria Elizabeth Talbot** (born 20 November 2000) is an English singer-songwriter. She became famous after competing in ''Britain's Got Talent*. She lost at the finals.

## Biography 
In *Britain's Got Talent'', she sang "Somewhere Over the Rainbow". This led her to the semi-finals. She then competed in but was defeated at the finals. Most of them were videos of her singing. Some gained over 10 million views.

## Discography
Talbot released three albums, with the first one released in 2007, and the second and third ones in 2008 and 2009.

## References
## Other websites
* Connie Talbot's website
Slovene language

**Slovene** (or *Slovenian*) is a language. It is the official language of Slovenia.

Experts estimate that 2.5 million people can understand and speak Slovene. It is a Slavic language, written for more than 1000 years. The earliest written records are the Freising manuscripts.

In 2004, it became an official language of the European Union (there are 24 official languages in total). The standard Slovene alphabet has 25 letters. The letters come from the Latin alphabet. Slovene words are usually pronounced how they are spelled.

## Examples 
* '**  is the word for zero.
* **' is the word for one.

## References
Evgeny Tomashevsky

**Evgeny Tomashevsky**, born 1 July 1987 in Saratov, is a Russian chess grandmaster. In 2001 he won the U18 Russian championship in Rybinsk with 9/10 and in 2004 he became second in the U18 World Youth Chess Championship. In 2007 he became second in the Aeroflot Open.

In 2009 Tomashevsky won the 10th European Individual Chess Championship after tie-breaks. The decisive match against Vladimir Malakhov went into armageddon, where Malakhov blundered a rook in a winning position. 

He was a member of the gold-medal-winning Russian team at the World Team Chess Championship 2009 in Bursa. In 2011, he tied for 1st-3rd with Nikita Vitiugov and Le Quang Liem in the Aeroflot Open.

Tomashevsky's style of play is described as being mostly positional.

## References
## Other websites 
* Final standings of the WYCC2004
* Interview with the European Champion Evgeny Tomashevsky ChessBase.com
* Interview with the European Chess Champion Evgeny Tomashevsky  Chessdom
International Association of Aviation Personnel Schools

The **International Association of Aviation Personnel Schools** (IAAPS) is an association of pilot training organizations created in 1995. IAAPS is recognized by national and international aviation authorities. IAAPS is part of the rulemaking group of the European Aviation Safety Agency. (EASA)

## History
In 1990,  the so-called "Cyprus Agreement" caused the European Joint Aviation Authority (JAA) to be established.

In 1995, the European Association of Airline Pilot Schools (EAAPS) was established.

The EAAPS was active in the pan-European project to define and standardize the depth and scope of flight training within the JAA.  One of the results was the "Joint Aviation Requirement Flight Crew Licensing code" (JAR-FCL). IAAPS members work together to maintain and improve the quality standards of pilot training.

IAAPS is recognized by the EASA as the representative of the training industry. IAAPS activities include 
* EASA Advisory Board (EAB)

### Austria
* AeronautX Luftfahrtschule, Hoersching

### Belgium
* Ben-Air Flight Academy (BAFA), Antwerp
* Sabena Flight Academy (SFA), Steenokkerzeel

### Croatia
* Croatia Aviation Training Center , Lucko

### Finland
* Finnish Aviation Academy , Pori

### France
* Airbus Training, Blagnac
* *École de Pilotage Amaury de la Grange* , Merville
* ''École nationale de l'aviation civile'' (ÉNAC), Muret
* ESMA Aviation Academy, Mauguio
* Institut aéronautique Jean Mermoz, Rungis

### Germany
* Haeusl 'air, Fürth
* IKON Gmbh , Erlangen
* Lufthansa Flight Training, Bremmen
* *Verband Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule* (VDV), Essen

### Morocco
* *École National des Pilotes de Ligne* (ENPL), Benslimane

### Netherlands
* Dutch Flight Academy  (DFA), Eelde
* EPST, Utrecht
* KLM Flight Academy, Paterswolde
* *Nationale Luchtvaart* School CAE- NLS, Hoofddorp
* Stella Aviation Academy , Teuge

### Spain
* *Asociación de Escuelas de Formación Aeronáutica* (AEFA), Madrid
* Flight Training Europe Ltd (FTE), Cadiz

### Sweden
* European Flight Training Academy (EFTA), Bromma
* Scandinavian aviation academy , Vasteras

### Switzerland
* Swiss Aviation Training Ltd , Zurich

### Turkey
* ER-AH Aviation Commerce Ltd Co. , Antalya
* Istanbul DUHA Aviation Flight School, Istanbul

### United Kingdom
* Atlantic Flight Training Ltd , Coventry
* Bristol Flying Centre , Bristol
* Cabair College of Air Training, Bedford
* London Metropolitan University , London
* Oxford Aviation Academy  (OAA), Oxford

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Super Bowl XXXVIII

**Super Bowl XXXVIII** was the thirty-eighth Super Bowl. The teams in the game were the Carolina Panthers from the NFC and the New England Patriots from the AFC. New England won the game 32-29. The performers at the halftime show were Spirit of Houston, Janet Jackson, Justin Timberlake, OutKast, P. Diddy, Kid Rock, and Nelly. The halftime show created controversy when Janet Jackson's breast was shown by Justin Timberlake to everyone who was watching the show.

## References
Charles George Gordon

**Charles George Gordon** (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885) was a British Army officer and mercenary. He served the Khedive of Egypt as Governor of the Sudan. He was killed by supporters of Muhammed Ahmed, the Mahdi, a rebel against Egyptian rule in the country.

## Early life
Gordon was born in London in 1833, where his father was a major in the Royal Artillery. The army was to fight the Niang rebellion against the Manchu and later the Taiping Rebellion. Gordon created a highly-disciplined and successful fighting force. By careful planning, he led the Ever Victorious Army to victory over the rebels. The Chinese emperor made him a field marshal in the Imperial Army and presented him with China's highest award, the peacock feather. The British Army promoted him to Lieutenant Colonel, and he was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath. He returned to England at the end of 1864.

## Help to poor and elderly
Gordon was made Commandant of Engineers at Gravesend. He had the job of repairing the forts guarding the Thames at Gravesend and Tilbury. Gordon was horrified by the number of poor people, especially old people and children. A man of strong religious belief, Gordon felt that his duty to God was to help provide food, clothing and education for those people. He spent about 90% of his army pay on the poor. The poor boys he called "Wangs", after the Chinese Princes of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.

## Later life 
In 1873, the leader of Egypt, Ismāʿīl Pasha, made Gordon governor of the province of Equatoria, in Sudan. From April 1874 to December 1876, Gordon mapped the upper Nile and established a line of stations in Equatoria along the river as far south as present-day Uganda. After a brief stay in England, Gordon served  Ismāʿīl Pasha as governor-general of the Sudan. He dominated the vast by crushing rebellions and suppressing the slave trade. His poor health forced him to resign and return to England in 1880. For two years, he served in India, China, Mauritius, and Cape Colony (now in South Africa).

In 1884, he fought  Muhammed Ahmed, the Mahdi who was rebelling against Egyptian rule in Sudan. However, he was killed in Khartoum after the British government delayed sending a relief force. He became known in Britain as a hero and martyr.

## References
Varve

taken under a microscope shows varved clay. The scale bar of 1 millimetre shows how much the photograph is enlarged.]] 
A **varve** is a pattern in sediment which is made by  processes (deposits which vary during the year). Varves are amongst the smallest-scale events in stratigraphy. They form only in fresh or brackish water. Varves are important in palynology, and can be fossilized as rhythmites.

The classic varve archetype is a light/dark-coloured couplet deposited in a glacial lake. The light layer is usually silt and fine sand deposited when spring meltwater brings sediment into the lake. 

During winter, when meltwater and its sediment is reduced and the lake surface freezes, fine clay-size sediment is deposited forming a dark-coloured layer.

Varve formation needs the absence of bioturbation (lake bottom disturbed by animals). Therefore, varves usually form under anoxic conditions.
Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies

The **Institut au service du spatial, de ses applications et technologies** (**ISSAT**) is the French name for the Institute of Space, its applications and technologies. Supported by French Ministry of Education, the organisation was created in 1995 to develop aerospace activities in Toulouse. It also helps promote the distribution of aerospace expertise in France and Europe.

The ISSAT has 13 members:
* Aerospace Valley
* Centre national d'études spatiales
* EADS Astrium
* École nationale de l'aviation civile
* École nationale supérieure des techniques industrielles et des mines d'Albi-Carmaux
* Institut aéronautique et spatial
* Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse
* Institut national des sciences appliquées de Toulouse
* Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées
* Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace
* Magellium
* Météo-France
* Université Paul Sabatier

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Punta Gorda, Belize

**Punta Gorda** (called P. G. by the locals) is a city in the southern part of Belize.  It is the capital of the district (state) of Toledo.  About 6,400 people live there.  Punta Gorda has a tiny airport.  Every Saturday, people come to Punta Gorda from all over Toledo District to buy and sell items in an open-air market.

Punta Gorda is a seaport and fishing town on the Caribbean Sea. It was a small fishing village before being settled by a number of Garifuna who came from Honduras in 1823. The town is about fifteen feet above sea level.

Well-known people from Punta Gorda include paranda musician Paul Nabor and Belize's 'Queen of Brukdown', Leela Vernon.
Noto Province

) with Noto Province highlighted]]

 was an old province of Japan in the area of Ishikawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Etchū and Kaga provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was Nanao.

## History
Noto Province was created during the reign of Empress Genshō. 

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Noto Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Keta jinja* was the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of Noto.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Android store

**Android store** might mean:

*Android Market, the place to get "apps" for an Android system
*Androidland, a "real" shop with Android phones and other Android-related material
Geli Raubal

**Geli Raubal** (June 4, 1908&ndash;September 18, 1931), sometimes known as **Angela Raubal** was Adolf Hitler's half-niece. She was born in Linz, Austria-Hungary. She shot herself dead in Hitler's apartment in Munich, Weimar Republic. She is buried in Zentralfriedhof, Vienna, Austria.

## Family 
*Father: Leo Raubal
*Mother: Angela Raubal (Hitler's half-sister)
*Boyfriend: Emil Maurice (Hitler's chauffeur)
*Boyfriend: Adolf Hitler (rumored)

## Sources
*http://www.nndb.com/people/144/000087880/
Faizal Yusof

**Faizal Yusof** (1979 - 1 January 2011) was a Malaysian actor. He acted in the popular television series *Tiramisu and Manjalara*. He died from heart failure, and was buried in the Batu Mudu Muslim Cemetery in Kuala Lumpur.

## References
Bob Anderson

**Robert James Gilbert Anderson** (15 September 1922 – 1 January 2012) was an English athlete who represented Great Britain in the fencing at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He choreographed the sword fights for many movies including Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy.

He was born in Hampshire on 15 September 1922, and during World War II he was a member of the British Royal Marines. He used his sword fighting skills in many movies starting with *The Master of Ballantrae*, based on the book by Robert Louis Stevenson. During the filming he accidentally stabbed Errol Flynn in the leg. Anderson was the person dressed as Darth Vader in the sword fights in *The Empire Strikes Back* and *Return of the Jedi*. He also arranged the sword fights in all three of the Lord of the Rings movies. Other movie credits included the James Bond movies, *From Russia With Love* and *Die Another Day*, *The Princess Bride*, *The Three Musketeers (1993 movie)*, *The Mask of Zorro*, and *The Legend of Zorro*.

## References
Valery Rozhdestvensky

**Valery Ilyich Rozhdestvensky** (February 13, 1939–August 31, 2011) was a USSR cosmonaut.

Rozhdestvensky was born in Leningrad and studied engineering at the Higher Military Engineering School of the Soviet Navy in Pushkin. From 1961 to 1965 he was commander of a deep sea diving unit in the Baltic Sea War Fleet. 

He was chosen to be a cosmonaut on October 23, 1965 and flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz 23 in 1976. After his space flight he continued to work with the space program at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. He retired on June 24, 1986 and worked with Metropolis Industries.

## References
Tamara Toumanova

**Tamara Toumanova** ( March 2, 1919 – May 29, 1996) was an American ballerina and actress of Georgian descent. Toumanova is notable for ballet, and she also acted in several movies.

Tournova became an American citizen in 1943. She married her second husband, Casey Robinson, a Hollywood script writer and producer, in 1944.

Toumanova's parents became separated during the revolution. Toumanova was 18 months old before her parents were found each other. The family went from Russia to Shanghai, China. They lived there for a year. They then moved to Cairo. After living in refugee camps, the family moved to Paris. There was a large Russian émigré community there.

After moving to Paris, Toumanova was given piano lessons and studied ballet with Olga Preobrajenska. Toumanova said she was her "first and only  teacher" and an "immortal friend". She made her debut at the Paris Opera at the age of ten in the children's ballet ''L'Éventail de Jeanne''. George Balanchine saw her in ballet class and hired her for de Basil's Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo as one of the three "baby ballerinas".

## References
## Other websites
* Australia Dancing — Lutte eternelle 
* Tamara Toumanova
Louise I. Shelley

**Louise I. Shelley** is a professor at George Mason University in Virginia. She is also founder and director of the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC).

She graduated from Cornell University *cum laude* in Penology and Russian literature in 1972. While there, she co-founded the Risley Residential College. She served on the Cornell Board of Trustees.  She got a M.A. from the University of Pennsylvania in  Criminology in 1973.  In 1973/74, she held a Columbia University, International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) Fellowship used to study in the Sociology Department, Law School and the Russian Institute. In 1977, Shelley earned a Ph.D. in Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania.

She joined the American University as an Assistant Professor in 1977. She became a full professor in 1986. In 2007, she moved to George Mason University.  Shelley has studied at Moscow State University as a Fulbright-Hayes Fellow.

She studied the prison system of Russia and other nations. She studies how criminals make their money hard to trace (money laundering).

## Books
* *Human Security, Transnational Crime and Human Trafficking* edited with Shiro Okubo New York and London, Routledge, 2011.
* *Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective* New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
* *Organised Crime and Corruption in Georgia* edited with Erik R. Scott and Anthony Latta, London and New York: Routledge, 2007.
* *Human Traffic and Transnational Crime: Eurasian and American Perspectives* edited with Sally Stoecker Lanham, Md: Rowman and Littlefield, 2004.
* *Izucheniye organizovannoy prestupnosti: rossiisko-amerikanskii dialog, edited with Ninel Kuznetsova and Yu. G. Kozlov, Moscow: Olimp, 1997.
* *Policing Soviet Society: The Evolution of State Control*, London: Routledge, 1996.
* *Social Changes, Crime and the Police*, edited with Jozsef Vigh Reading: Harwood Press, 1995.
* *Crime and Control in Comparative Perspective*, edited with H.G. Heiland and H. Katoh. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1992.
* *Crime and Development* (edited special issue), International Annals of Criminology, 1986, Vol. 24, Nos. 1 and 2.
* *Lawyers in Soviet Work Life, Law, Crime and Deviance Series*, Rutgers University Press, 1984.
* *Crime and Modernization, The Impact of Industrialization and Urbanization on Crime*, Southern Illinois University Press, first printing, March 1981, second printing, March 1982. Translated into Chinese, published Bejing: Public Publishing House, 1987.
* *Readings in Comparative Criminology*, Southern Illinois University Press, 1981 (edited Collection).
* *History Without Jews'', B'nai B'rith, 1977.

## Other websites
* Official webpage 
* Bio at quarterly journal *dispatches*
Ghost Adventures

***Ghost Adventures*** is a weekly American paranormal television series that started on October 17, 2008 on the Travel Channel. Produced by MY-Tupelo Entertainment, the program follows and stars ghost hunters Zak Bagans, Nick Groff, and Aaron Goodwin, as they investigate locations that are reported to be haunted. Hosted and narrated by Bagans, the show airs new episodes on Fridays at 9 p.m. Eastern Time on the Travel Channel. Nick Groff of the Ghost Adventures crew confirmed there will be a sixth season that will premier in 2012.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
*
*
Paranormal television

**Paranormal television** is a genre of popular reality television programming. It is about real investigations of paranormal phenomena, instead of fictional representations found in such shows as *The Ghosts of Motley Hall* and *Ghostbusters*, or cartoon/children's series such as *Scooby Doo* and *Rentaghost*.
Teapot Rock

**Teapot Rock** is a rock formation in Natrona County, Wyoming. A nearby oil field is named after the rock. The oil field was the focus of a bribery scandal during the administration of Warren G. Harding, the Teapot Dome scandal. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It was one of several related fields in the area, the largest of which was the Salt Creek Oil Field. By comparison with the Salt Creek Field's  peak production of  of 1923, the Teapot Dome field had about 64 wells, with few producing more than 150 barrels per day (24 m3/d).

## References
## Other websites
*Photographs of Teapot Rock  at the National Park Service's NRHP database
*Teapot Rock  at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office
*http://wiki.wyomingplaces.org/w/page/12716496/Teapot-Rock
Awaji Province

) with Awaji Province highlighted]]

 was a Japanese island province in the Seto Inland Sea near Hyōgo Prefecture on the island of Honshū.   It was sometimes called  .  

Awaji Island is between Honshū and the island of Shikoku. Awaji means literally "Road to Awa". It was the route for traveling to Awa Province from the central part of Japan. 

## History
In 764, Emperor Junnin was sent into exile on Awaji.  He died on the island in 765.  The former emperor was known as *Awaji no Haitei.*

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Awaji Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Izanagi jingu* was the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of Awaji.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Awa Province (Tokushima)

) with Awa Province (Tokushima) highlighted]]
 was an old province of Japan in the area of Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was sometimes called .  

Awa had borders with Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo Provinces. 

## History
, 1856]]
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Awa Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Ōasahiko jinja* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Awa.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Rhythmite

near Lowden in the Walla Walla valley. Note distinct layers]]
 blocks with shale in between them. Blue Lias cliffs at Lyme Regis, Dorset]]
 limestone exposed in central Tennessee, U.S. The less-resistant and thinner beds are composed of shale. The vertical lines are drill holes for explosives used during road construction]]

A **rhythmite** is layers of sediment or sedimentary rock laid down in a repeated pattern. This pattern may be varves, which are an annual pattern, or shorter or longer-term rhymites. Tides in some places have left rhythmites.

## Longer-term rhythmites 
Rhythmites can show long-term prehistoric events, such as periodic floods, sea level changes, glaciation changes, earth's orbital variations, and other periodic climate changes.

Many rock formations show repeating patterns of strata. For example, clay layers may alternate with sandstone layers; or carbonate layers alternate with shales. This is usually caused by repeating cycles of climate. In warmer times the sea rises, and carbonate rocks are deposited in shallow subtropical seas. Later, ice builds up at the poles and the sea level drops. Then the same area is close to shore, and gets sand and mud washed down by rivers.

Deposits on land show patterns for similar reasons. A low-lying area will be a lake or a swamp during hot, wet periods, and maybe a desert or a mudflat during dry periods. Erosion takes place during the dry periods, and deposition takes place during the wet periods.

However, temperature and sea-level changes are not the only causes of rhythmites. In volcanic areas a pattern of deposition in lakes may be regularly interrupted by eruptions of volcanic ash, so that in the record of the rocks shales and mudstone alternates with tuff.
: rhythmites are very clear in some formations, and not present in others]]

## References
Justus Liebig

**Justus Liebig** (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. 

Liebig was one of the greatest chemistry teachers of all time. 
At 21 he was appointed professor of chemistry at Giessen, recommended by Alexander von Humboldt. There he established the world's first major school of chemistry. He invented the chemical laboratory, and used it for teaching. He founded and edited the *Annalen der Chemie*, the leading German-language journal of chemistry.

Liebig invented new methods for the analysis of organic materials. He showed that, to grow, plants need (as well as water and sunlight) carbon dioxide, minerals and nitrogen compounds. He discovered that nitrogen was an essential plant nutrient, and invented the first nitrogen-based fertiliser. His Law of the Minimum stated that a plant's development is limited by the one essential mineral that is in the shortest supply. He described the effect of individual nutrients on crops. 

Where others thought that organic chemicals were entirely separate fron inorganic ones, Liebig thought diffferently:
:"...the production of all organic substances no longer belongs just to the organism. It must be viewed as not only probable but as certain that we shall produce them in our laboratories. Sugar, salicin (aspirin), and morphine will be artificially produced". Liebig's textbooks were the standard for many years.

In 1835 he invented a process of silvering that greatly improved the quality of mirrors.

Liebig also developed a manufacturing process for beef extracts, and founded a company, Liebig Extract of Meat Company, that later trademarked the Oxo brand beef cube.

Liebig's work was closely followed in Britain, and he was awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1840. His own country made him a Baron in 1845.

## Related pages
*List of science books#19th century
AWA

**AWA** may be an acronym for:
* Amalgamated Wireless Australasia Limited (AWA), Australian manufacturer of radio and communications equipment
** AWA Tower, Sydney, Australia
* America West Airlines

**Awa** may mean:
* Awa, Tokushima, a town in Japan
* Awa District, Chiba, a modern geographical and administrative area in Japan
* Awa District, Tokushima, a modern geographical and administrative area in Japan
* Awa Province (Chiba), an historical geographical and administrative area in Japan
* Awa Province (Tokushima), an historical geographical and administrative area in Japan
Spaceflight

rocket launching Zvezda Service Module for the International Space Station in 2000]]
**Spaceflight** is when an object (or spacecraft) made by man flies into outer space. A spaceflight can occur with or without humans on board. 

The Russian Soyuz program, the American Space Shuttle and the International Space Station are examples of manned missions. (Manned means the spacecraft has humans on board.) On the other hand, examples of unmanned flights are space probes which fly into deeper space, and satellites which travel around and orbit the Earth or other planets. (Unmanned means the spacecraft does not have any people on board.) Space probes and satellites are both machines that work either by radio control from Earth or are fully automatic.

Spaceflight is used for space exploration such as manned missions to the Earth's moon or unmanned missions to other planets in the solar system. Spaceflight can also be used for tourism and satellite telecommunications. A spaceflight begins with a rocket launch, which provides enough energy to get out of Earth's atmosphere and to orbit the Earth. Once the rocket is in space, the activity of the rocket is watched and studied by scientists back on Earth. Some rockets may remain in space forever, some break apart when they re-enter Earth's atmosphere. Some spacecraft are made to land on other planets, and most manned spacecraft are made to land back on Earth, most of the time using a parachute to land safely. 
   
On October 3, 1942, a German V-2 missile crossed the Kármán line ( above the Earth) on October 3, 1942. This was the first spaceflight. The first man-made satellite to travel around Earth was the Russian Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957. 

Some examples of manned spacecraft are Soyuz, Starship, Starliner, Gemini, Apollo, Crew Dragon, Mercury (It is both the name of a spacecraft and a planet), the Space Shuttle, and Orion. 

Unmanned spacecraft include communications satellites, space telescopes, space probes and planet rovers.
Much Ado About Nothing

, 1600]]
***Much Ado about Nothing*** is a comedy by William Shakespeare. It is set in Messina, Sicily (which is in Italy) and is a comedy/love story about two pairs of lovers, Hero and Claudio and Benedick and Beatrice. This story is one of William Shakespeare's more popular plays. 

The villain in this story is called Don John and he convinces Claudio that Hero is cheating on him and then he refuses to marry her whilst Benedick and Beatrice are tricked into confessing their true love for each other.  In the end the Constable accidentally sorts everything out and everyone celebrates both marriages.

Don John (the villain) can't bear anyone else to be happy.  He is an illegitimate child meaning his upbringing has been rocky and he is insecure, leading to his selfish behaviour getting the better of him throughout the play.
Kitano Tenman-gū

*, or main prayer hall.]]
*'**, also called **Kitano Tenjin-jinja** and **Kitano Temmangū**, is a Shinto shrine in Kamigyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan.  

## History
The shrine was built in 947, to appease the angry spirit of Sugawara no Michizane.  He had been wrongly sent into exile.

The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period.  

The current buildings date from the early 17th century. 

### Timeline
* **965'* (*Kōhō 2*): Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers be sent to report important events to the guardian *kami* of Japan. These messenger, called *heihaku*, were initially presented to 16 shrines; 
* **986** (*Kanna 2*):  Michizane was given the posthumous title of Tenjin (Heavenly Deity)
* **991** (*Shōryaku 2''): Emperor Ichijō added three more shrines to Murakami's list &mdash; including Kitano.
* **1444** (''Bun'an 1, 4th month''): Kitano Tenman-gū and much of western Kyoto was  by fire.

From 1871 through 1946, the Kitano Tenman-gū was officially designated one of the , meaning that it stood in the second rank of government supported shrines.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Kitano Tenman-gū Official web page  (In English)
* Kyoto Shimbun: Open-Air Tea Ceremony...  (in English)
Locker

with padlock]]
A **locker** is a small compartment that is used to store things such as books, coats, etc. They are commonly found in schools. They are usually locked with a padlock or a built-in lock. Usually there is an array of lockers. Each user has his/her own key (or combination) and can not open other people's lockers. There is sometimes a master key used only by the manager which can open all of the lockers. The typical maximum padlock shackle thickness is 5/16 inch (8 mm), and the typical door thickness is 0.8 mm. High-security lockers typically have a 10 mm or more maximum shackle thickness and a 1.2 mm door thickness.
Tommy Jackson

**Tommy "Hurricane" Jackson** (1931-1982) was an American boxer. He fought from 1951 until 1961. He had a total of 44 fights. His statistics were 34 wins (16 by knockout), 9 losses and 1 . He fought Floyd Patterson in June 1956 to see who would be the heavyweight champion after Rocky Marciano retired and gave up the title. Jackson lost in a 12-round split decision. He fought Patterson again in July 1957, when Patterson was the champion. Patterson beat him in 10 rounds when the referee ended the match. 

## Other websites
*Photo 1 of Bob Baker vs Hurricane Jackson close fight
*Photo 2 of Bob Baker vs Hurricane Jackson close fight
*Story on Hurricane Jackson
Content delivery

**Content delivery** describes the delivery of media content such as audio, video, computer software and video games over a delivery medium such as broadcasting or the Internet.

Content delivery has two parts:
* Delivery of finished content for online distribution, with its accompanying metadata
* Delivery of the end product to the consumer

Specialist networks known as content delivery networks have distribute digital content on the Internet. Alternative technologies for content delivery include peer-to-peer file sharing technologies. Content can only be delivered if it exists. If it does not exist, several techniques and methods can be used for content creation or content regeneration. Alternatively, content delivery platforms create and syndicate content remotely, acting like hosted content management systems.
Bungo Province

) with Bungo Province highlighted]]
 was an old province of Japan in the area of Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū.  Along with Buzen Province, it was sometimes called . 

Bungo had borders with Buzen, Hyūga, Higo, Chikugo, and Chikuzen Provinces. 

## History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Bungo Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and temples
*Sasamuta-jinja* and *Yusuhara Hachiman-gū* were the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of Bungo.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Bungo Seamount

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Aberystwyth

**Aberystwyth** (Mouth of the River Ystwyth) is a historic market town, administrative centre and holiday resort. It is in the area of Ceredigion in West of Wales. Locals call the area 'Aber'.

The people who live there mostly speak English, though many are also fluent in the Welsh language. It is a university town. The small town of over 13,000 grows by another 10,000 in term time when the students are there. The nearby suburb of Llanbadarn Fawr has another 3,400 people.

## Transport
Aberystwyth has a train station at the western end of the Cambrian Line from Shrewsbury. 

## Sister cities
Aberystwyth is twinned with :
*   Kronberg im Taunus, Germany, since 1997
*   Saint-Brieuc, France, since 1973
*   Esquel, Argentine Patagonia
Pentium F00F bug

The **Pentium F00F bug** is a hardware bug (design flaw) found in most original Pentium computer processors (but not in Pentium II, III, or 4). The bug allows a malicious program running as an unprivileged (non-root) user to crash the computer by running the instructions (in hexadecimal) F00FC7C8. In assembly language, this represents "lock cmpxchg8b eax". If the system has crashed because of this bug, the only way to fix it is to reboot the computer, usually by unplugging it and plugging it back in. It does no permanent damage to the computer, but it may cause data loss. The bug was discovered in November 1997. Many operating systems made since 1997 have protection against this bug.

## References
Hazel

**Hazel** is a genus of trees and shrubs, in the birch family. There are 50 to 80 species, in four genera. They are native to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.

## References
Maxi single

A **maxi single** is a CD single that contains more than two tracks. The first maxi-single was released during the 1970s. There are also cassette maxi singles that began in the 1990s.

## References
Microbial cyst

*]]
A **microbial cyst** is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism, usually a bacterium or a protist or rarely an invertebrate animal, that helps the organism to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions. It can be thought of as a state of suspended animation in which the metabolic processes of the cell are slowed down and the cell ceases all activities like feeding and locomotion. *Encystment* also helps the microbe to spread easily, from one host to another or to a better environment. When the encysted microbe reaches an environment good for its growth and survival, the cyst wall breaks down by a process known as *excystation''.

Unfavorable environmental conditions  trigger the making of a cyst. These include the lack of nutrients or oxygen, extreme temperatures, lack of moisture and presence of  chemicals, which are not good for the growth of the microbe.

## Composition of the cyst wall
Different organisms have cyst walls made of different things. The cyst walls of bacteria are formed by the thickening of the normal cell wall with added peptidoglycan layers. The walls of protozoan cysts are made of chitin, a type of glycoprotein. Nematode cyst walls are made of chitin reinforced by collagen.

## References
Willimantic, Connecticut

**Willimantic, Connecticut** is a census-designated place and former city. It is in the town of Windham, Windham County. About 18,149 people lived there at the 2020 census. Eastern Connecticut State University and the Windham Textile and History Museum are in Willimantic.

## References
Windham, Connecticut

**Windham** is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. It contains the city of Willimantic and the villages of Windham Center,  North Windham, and South Windham. The city of Willimantic was made part of the town in 1983. The population was 24,428 at the 2020 census.

## References
Eastern Connecticut State University

**Eastern Connecticut State University** (**ECSU**) is a public liberal arts university. It is located in Willimantic, Connecticut. Eastern Connecticut State University is ranked in the top 100 regional universities in the North (of the United States) in the 2011  of the *U.S. News and World Report* list of Best Colleges. There are 5,671 students attending Eastern. The campus is suburban. The school's athletic  are called the "Warriors".
Ashford, Connecticut

**Ashford** is a town in Windham County, Connecticut. The town had a population of 4,191 at the 2020 census. Ashford was founded in 1714. Eastford was a part of Ashford until 1848 or 1847. Eastford split into its own town. Ashford has the largest Boy scout camps in the US state of Connecticut.

## References
Windham County, Connecticut

**Windham County** is a county in the northwest of the US state Connecticut. 

## Towns 
*Windham
*North Windham
*South Windham
*Willimantic
*Ashford
*Brooklyn
*East Brooklyn
*Canterbury
*Chaplin
*Eastford
*Hampton
*Killingly
*Danielson
*Plainfield
*Central Village

*Moosup
*Plainfield Village
*Wauregan
*Pomfret
*Putnam
*Putnam District
*Scotland
*Sterling
*Oneco
*Thompson
*North Grosvenordale
*Quinebaug
*Woodstock
*South Woodstock
Brooklyn, Connecticut

**Brooklyn** is a town in Windham County, Connecticut. The population was 8,450 at the 2020 census. East Brooklyn is listed as a census-designated place and is located on the east side of Brooklyn. The town was founded in 1786.

## References
Jadeite Cabbage

The **Jadeite Cabbage** (), or **Jadeite Cabbage with Insects**, is a Chinese sculpture. It is a piece of jadeite  into the shape of a Chinese cabbage head. It also has a locust and a katydid hiding in the leaves.

The work is part of the  of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan.

## Description
The Jadeite Cabbage is a small sculpture. It measures only . It is  think.

Jade is translucent: it  lets light pass through the sculpture.  The combination of several colors in the jade  gives the leaves the various colors of a real cabbage.

The sculpture is seen as a symbol of female virtue. The white stalk is a symbol of , the leaves show fertility and  the locust and katydid symbolize children. These copies were being sold at the museum.

## References
## Other websites
*Jadeite Cabbage with Insects  at the National Palace Museum website
*Leslie Hook. "The Jade Cabbage" *Wall Street Journal*. 27 July 2007.
East Brooklyn, Connecticut

**East Brooklyn** is a census-designated place in Windham County, Connecticut. The population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. East Brooklyn is next to Danielson. East Brooklyn is the urban side of Brooklyn. The racial makeup of the city was 85.49% White, 1.36% African American, 0.18% Native American, 2.31% Asian, 2.40% from other races, and 8.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.71% of the population.

## References
Chaplin, Connecticut

**Chaplin** is a town in Windham County, Connecticut. Chaplin was named after Deacon Benjamin Chaplin, an early . The Chaplin Museum, Chaplin Historic District and the Witter House are located in Chaplin.