open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kikuō Hayashiya

is a member of Shōten. His real name is , although he is most widely known by his previous comedian name **Kikuzou Hayashiya** (林家木久蔵), of which he was the first. The new Hayashiya Kikuzou is his son: ex-Kikuo. 
On Shōten, he always wears a yellow kimono. He is known for making commonplace jokes and usually "plays the fool." He is a mood maker.

## Kikuzō Ramen
Kikuou is also famous for his side job, a chain of noodle shops named after him called "Kikuzō Ramen." (Kikuzō is his old name). On Shōten, he often advertises Kikuzō Ramen, but other members joke about it being very flavorless. Kikuzō Ramen is famous for its lack of flavor.

## References
## Other websites
* Kikuou's HP
* Kikuzo Hayashiya at IMDb
FIFA Confederations Cup

The **FIFA Confederations Cup** (formally known as the **King Fahd Cup**) was an Association football tournament for national teams held by FIFA. It was played with the winner of the FIFA confederation championships (UEFA, CONMEBOL, CONCACAF, CAF, AFC, OFC), as well as the FIFA World Cup holder and the host. The number of teams was eight. The tournament was regarded as an early step on the way to the FIFA World Cup.

## Winners 
:: hosts

## References
Guard

**Guard** or **guards** may refer to:

* Bodyguard, someone who protects another person from assault
* Lifeguard, someone who rescues people from drowning
* Prison guard, someone who supervises prisoners in a prison or jail
* Security guard, someone who protects property
* Police in medieval contexts
* Coast guard, responsible for defence of a coastline
* Point guard, a position in basketball
* Offensive guard, a position in American and Canadian football
* Guard dog, a dog that watches for unwanted or unexpected visitors
Mount Tate

**Mount Tate** is a mountain in the Mt. Tate range of the northern Hida Mountains (the north Alps). It is in the southeastern area of Toyama Prefecture.  It is a general term for three peaks, Mt.O (altitude 3,003 m), Mt. Onanji (altitude 3,015 m), and Fujinooritate (altitude 2,999 m).

It is one of the mountains of Chūbu-Sangaku National Park with the dominant peak of the Tateyama mountain range.  The Park was made on December 4, 1934.
 
It ranks with Mt. Tsurugi. They are some of the few mountains which have an existing glacier in Japan.

## References
Kanazawa

is a Japanese city in Ishikawa Prefecture on the island of Honshu. It is the capital city of the prefecture.

It has been  as a core city since 1996.

## History
During the Edo period, Kanazawa was the center of the Maeda clan. 

## Geography
Kanazawa is on the western coast of Honshu.  It faces the Sea of Japan. 

## References  
## Other websites
*[city homepage](http://www4.city.kanazawa.lg.jp/　Kanazawa)
Azuchi–Momoyama period

**Azuchi-Momoyama period** (), also known as the **Momoyama period** (), is the time from approximately 1573 to 1606 in history of Japan.

This period is called Azuchi-Momoyama because there were two great centers of power during this time.  One was Oda Nobunaga's castle at Azuchi near Lake Biwa.

## Timeline
* **1568** (*Eiroku 11*): Nobunaga entered Kyoto
* **1573** (*Genki 4*): Oda Nobunaga causes the Ashikaga Yoshiaki to flee Kyoto; the Ashikaga shogunate is ended
* **1576** (*Tenshō 3, 5th month*): Battle of Nagashino.
* **1582** (*Tenshō 10*): Nobunaga was assassinated by Akechi Mitsuhide
* **1583** (*Tenshō 12, 4th month*): Battle of Komaki and Nagakute.
* **1592** (*Bunroku 1*): Hideyoshi invaded Korea., and it was also known as the Imjin War.
* **September 18, 1598** (*Keichō 3, 18th day of the 8th month*): Hideyoshi died at the age of 63.
* **October 21, 1600** (*Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month*): Battle of Sekigahara,
* **1614**  (* Keichō 19*):  Battle of Osaka (*Osaka Fuyu no Jin*)
* **1615**  (* Keichō 20*):  Battle of Osaka (*Osaka Natsu no Jin*)

## Culture
The times when Toyotomi grasped the government are called , and the culture that prospered mainly on this time is called .

A new merchant class grew in cities at this time. Consumption and luxurious culture had increased among the wealthy.

Trade with the West was influential Francisco Xavier visited Japan.

## References
## Other websites
Permanent Committee on Geographical Names

The **Permanent Committee on Geographical Names** (PCGN) is an independent government agency in the United Kingdom. Its function is to establish standard names for places outside the UK, but not including Antarctica.  The decisions about names are for the use of the  British government.
 
## History
Permanent Committee on Geographical Names was established in 1919.

Over the years, the representative members have grown to include
* British Broadcasting Corporation 
* Defence Intelligence Staff
* Foreign and Commonwealth Office
* Government Communications Headquarters
* Hydrographic Office
* Ordnance Survey
* Royal Geographical Society
* Royal Scottish Geographical Society

## Related pages 
* United States Board on Geographic Names

## References
## Other websites
*PCGN website
Tackle

**Tackle** may refer to:

* In football:
** Tackle (football move), a play in various forms of football
** Tackle (American football), a position in American football and Canadian football
** Dump tackle, move in rugby
* Block and tackle, a system of two or more pulleys usually used to lift or pull heavy loads
* Fishing tackle, the gear or equipment used when fishing
Directorate General for Civil Aviation (France)

The **Directorate General for Civil Aviation** (, **DGAC**) is the French civil aviation authority. It is located in Paris.

In 2013, DGAC starts with the ENAC the consulting company France Aviation Civile Services.

## Related pages
* Ingénieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile
* Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile

## References
## Further reading
* Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile
Pope Alexander VI

**Pope Alexander VI** (; 1431&ndash;1503), born **Rodrigo Lanzol y Borja**, was an Spanish cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 215th Pope from 1492 to 1503.  

## Early life
In 1431, Lanzol y Borja born in Xàtiva, which is near Valencia in Spain.  His father was Jofre Lançol.  His mother was Isabella Borgia, who was a sister of Cardinal Alfonso Borgia, who later became Pope Callixtus III.

He was adopted into the immediate family of Pope Callixtus; and was known afterwards as Rodrigo Borgia.  In this papal decree, Alexander decided that some parts of South America would be Spanish or and some parts would be Portuguese.

## Related pages
* List of popes
* List of popes from the Borgia family

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Borja y Borja, Rodrigo de 
* *The Borgias* at IMDb
Abe's salamander

The '''Abe's salamander'* (*Hynobius abei'') is a species of salamander. They are in the Hynobiidae family. They live in Japan. They live in forests, freshwater marshes, and freshwater springs. Their population is  because of habitat loss. The IUCN lists the species as critically endangered.

## References
Yanta District

**Yanta District** (, Pinyin: Yàntǎ Qū, meaning "Wild Goose Tower District") is a district of southern Xi'an. Its area is 151.44km2, and it had a population of 1,178,529 in November 2010. Its name comes from Big Wild Goose Tower, a tower that was built in 652 AD. The district is famous for its culture, is a tourist stop, and has many universites.

## History 
In September 1954, Yanta District was started. It was a merger of Xi'an No.9 District, part of Chang'an County, part of Weiqu District, and other places.

In May 1960, some parts of Xincheng District, Lianhu District, and Beilin District were merged to form Yanta District. That was revoked in April 1962.

In September 1965, Yanta District was changed to a Xi'an suburb, together with Weiyang District, the original Epang District, and some other areas. That was revoked in February 1980.

## Political divisions 
Yanta District is divided into eight subdistricts:

* Xiaozhailu Subdistrict
* Dayanta Subdistrict
* Changyanpu Subdistrict
* Dianzicheng Subdistrict
* Dengjiapo Subdistrict
* Yuhuazhai Subdistrict
* Zhangbagou Subdistrict
* Qujiang Subdistrict
Leslie Nielsen

**Leslie Nielsen** (February 11, 1926 – November 28, 2010) was a Canadian actor and comedian. His television roles include *Forbidden Planet* and *Police Squad!*, playing Frank Drebin. His movie roles include *Airplane!* and *The Naked Gun* trilogy: *The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!*, *The Naked Gun 2 1/2: The Smell of Fear* and *Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult*.

Nielsen was born in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. He died of pneumonia in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Forbidden Planet

***Forbidden Planet*** is a 1956 American science fiction movie set in the 23rd century. It was written by Cyril Hume, directed by Fred M. Wilcox and produced by Nicholas Nayfack. It stars Walter Pidgeon, Anne Francis and Leslie Nielsen. The storyline is an obvious take of Shakespeare's *The Tempest*.

## Other websites 
*
Flux (software)

**Flux** was a software program that could create and display 3D images. Flux existed as a plug-in for web browsers like Internet Explorer and as an installable computer program.

## Weblinks 
* Flux - Official site*
* Flux - History 
* Flux - Alternatives 
* NEW! Flux Studio 2.0 - Availability
* MediaMachines Open Sources FluxPlayer for X3D  - Importance
Shangluo

**Shangluo Municipality** (, pinyin: Shāngluò Shì, formerly known as "商雒"), is a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China. It is in the southeast part of Shannxi. Shangluo covers . As of November 2010, 2,341,742 people lived here. The place is based on farming, forestry, Chinese herbology and gold mining.

## Political divisions 
Shangluo is divided into 7 municipalities:

# Shangzhou District (商州区)
# Luonan County (洛南县)
# Danfeng County (丹凤县)
# Shangnan County (商南县)
# Shanyang County (山阳县)
# Zhen'an County (镇安县)
# Zhashui County (柞水县)

## References
Leatherback sea turtle

in Boca Raton, Florida|alt=Photo of a person's hands holding a small sand-covered grey/green turtle]]

The **leatherback sea turtle** is the largest of all living sea turtles.  It is the fourth largest modern reptile behind three crocodilians.

Adults average  in shell length,  in total length and weigh . The largest ever found was over  from head to tail and weighed . It was found on a beach on the west coast of Wales.

The eggs and young are often eaten by predators, but the adults can defend themselves aggressively. Only the largest sea predators can tackle a leatherback successfully.

Leatherback turtles are one of the deepest diving marine animals. They have been recorded diving to depths as great as .

They are also the fastest-moving reptiles. The 1992 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records lists the leatherback turtle moving at  in the water.
Usually, they swim at .

They can live as far north as Alaska and Norway and as far south as the Cape of Good Hope in Africa and the southernmost tip of New Zealand.

Very little is known about how long they live. Some reports say "30 years or more", while others say "50 years or more".

## References
Toronto Zoo

The **Toronto Zoo** is a zoo in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  With , the Toronto Zoo is the largest zoo in Canada.

It is in seven geographic regions: Indo-Malaya, Africa, Americas, Tundra Trek, Australasia, Eurasia and the Canadian Domain. Some animals are indoors in tropical settings.  Some are outdoors in what would be their normal environments. It also has areas such as the Kids Zoo, Waterside Theatre and Splash Island. The zoo is currently home to over 16,000 animals.  There are over 491 species.

In April 2012, the zoo is not in the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.  It sent three elephants to a place that is not okayed by the AZA. The zoo can ask to be back in the AZA in March 2013.

## Gallery

Image:Nicobar Pigeon - Caloenas nicobarica - Relic38.jpg|Nicobar Pigeon at the Metro Toronto Zoo.
Image:TZ_RRhog.jpg|Red River Hog and piglets, African Savanna, Toronto Zoo
Image:Macaque.jpg|A Japanese Macaque, Eurasia, Toronto Zoo.

## References
Oliver Reed

**Robert Oliver Reed** (13 February 1938 – 2 May 1999) was a British actor. He was born in Wimbledon, Surrey. He was a nephew of movie director Sir Carol Reed (1906-1976) and grandson of actor and theatre manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1852-1917).

Reed's starred in many movies, including: *Women in Love*, *The Devils*, *The Three Musketeers*, *Tommy*, *Castaway* ,*Gladiator*and "Treasure Island".

Reed was an alcoholic. He died of a heart attack in Valletta, Malta.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Triton (mythology)

**Triton** was the son of Poseidon, the sea god, in Greek mythology. He acted as Poseidon's messenger. He had the ability to make the seas calm by blowing on a conch shell. He is shown in Greek art as having the body of a man and a fish tail, like a mermaid. Sometimes he is shown with arms like the claws of a crab, at other times he has arms like a horse's legs. He lived in a golden palace at the bottom of the ocean.

Sometimes Triton was shown as being many people, known as Tritones.

The planet Neptune's moon, Triton, was named after the god.

## References
Xincheng District

**Xincheng District** (, pinyin:Xīnchéng Qū, meaning: New City District), is a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, and it's in middle-eastern of Xi'an. Shaanxi government is in here. Its name is from Xincheng Square. As of November 2011, 589,739 people live in here. Area of Xincheng District is 30.13 km2.
Immaculate antbird

The **immaculate antbird** (*Myrmeciza immaculata*), also known as the **blue-lored antbird**, is a species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in forests in Costa Rica, Panama, western and northern Colombia, western Venezuela, and western Ecuador. The species eats insects, and usually follows swarms of army ants to catch prey. However, it may sometimes find its prey away from the swarms.

## References 
* BirdLife International 2004.  Myrmeciza immaculata.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 26 July 2007.

## Other websites
Beilin District

**Beilin District** (, pinyin:Bēilín Qū) is a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It's in center of Xi'an. Its name comes from Stele Forest (碑林, Beilin). Area of the district is 264.41 km2 and as of November 2010, 806,811 live in here. The district is famous in tour.
Monte Hermoso

**Monte Hermoso** is a town on the Atlantic coast of Argentina.  It is about  east of the city of Bahía Blanca.  It is in the south of the Province of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of the Partido of Monte Hermoso.

The tallest lighthouse in South America is nearby.  It is called *Faro Recalada a Bahia Blanca*.  It is  high.

## References
Exotic pet

s are among the primates kept as exotic pets]]

A **exotic pet** is a  or unusual animal which is kept as a pet. It is kept in human households but is relatively unusual or usually thought of as a wild animal rather than as a pet.

"Exotic" often refers to a species which is not native (indigenous) to where the owner lives, or an animal that isn't typically kept as a pet (unlike cats or dogs).  "Pet" is a companion animal living with people.

## Some animals kept as exotic pets
A wide variety of animals have been kept as pets. Below is a list of some animals that are kept in captivity at home and are thought to be "exotic". Where examples are provided within a category, the examples are the animals that are *relatively commonly* kept as pets in captivity at home within that category (although mice and parakeets may not really be considered very "exotic").

*Arachnids (e.g., tarantulas, scorpions, and vinegaroons)
*Aquatic Creatures (e.g., Jelly fish, and Seahorses)
*Frogs and toads (e.g., African bullfrogs, Argentine horned frogs, and fire-bellied toads)
*Genets
*Hedgehogs
*Insects (e.g., crickets, stick insects, Hercules beetles, Madagascar hissing cockroaches, and praying mantises)
*Lagomorphs (e.g. rabbits and hares)
*Lizards 
*Marsupials (e.g., wallabies, wallaroos, koalas, wombats and possums such as sugar gliders)
*Myriapods (e.g., millipedes)
*Non-domesticated and hybrid canids (e.g., wolf-dog hybrids, fennec foxes, domesticated red foxes,  and raccoon dogs)
*Non-domesticated and hybrid cats (e.g., Asian leopard cats, Bengal cats, caracals, chausies, savannah cats)

*Parrots (e.g., African grays, Amazon parrots, caiques, cockatiels, cockatoos, conures, eclectus parrots, lories, lorikeets, lovebirds, macaws, parakeets, and parrotlets)
*Pigeons
*Primates (e.g. galagos (bush babies) and monkeys such as squirrel monkeys and capuchins as pictured above)
*Procyonids (e.g. raccoons, kinkajous and coatimundis)
*Raptors (e.g., falcons and hawks)
*Rodents (e.g., capybaras, chinchillas, fancy rats, gerbils, dormice, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, Patagonian cavies, and squirrels)
*Salamanders (e.g., axolotls and tiger salamanders)
*Sharks and other fishes
*Skunks
*Snakes (e.g., ball pythons, boa constrictors, king snakes, rat snakes)
*Tortoises and other turtles (e.g., Greek tortoises, Hermann's tortoises, Russian tortoises, painted turtles, and red-eared sliders)

## References
Pope Callixtus III

**Pope Callixtus III** (; December 31, 1378&ndash;August 6, 1458), born **Alfonso de Borja**, was an Spanish official of the Roman Catholic Church and the 210th Pope from April 8, 1455 until his death.

## Early life
Borja was born near Valencia on December 31, 1378.

## Bishop
Martin V named Borja bishop of Valencia in 1429. a cardinal.

## Pope
After Nicholas V died, Cardinal Borgia was elected pope on April 8, 1455.  He chose to be called Callixtus III.

In 1456, Callixtus  a review of the trial of Joan of Arc; and she was found .

## Related pages 
* List of popes
* List of popes from the Borgia family

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Borja, Alfonso de
Metal Max

is a science fiction role-playing video game series that produced by Japanese company Crea-Tech. First game of series was released in 1991 in Nintendo Entertainment System. Due to treadmark problems, the series has a sub-series ***Metal Saga***. Series is famous in high freedom play human with tanks RPG -- *Metal Max*. In 1993, *Metal Max 2* was released, it was sold 280,000 copies. And in 1995, the first of series was remade.

In the end of 1990s, original publisher Data East run not good, some game want to be publisher but not success. Finally, Data East got bankrupt in 2003, In 2009, Enterbrain get the original treadmark, and *Metal Max 3* was published in 2010 by Kadokawa Games.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  
*  
*  
* Producer company's website
Gilbert and Sullivan

**Gilbert and Sullivan** were two men who worked together during the late 19th century to write fourteen well known comic operas. W.S. Gilbert wrote the words to the operas, while Arthur Sullivan was the composer who wrote the music.

Gilbert and Sullivan introduced innovations in content and form that influenced the development of musical theatre in the 20th century. The operas have also influenced political discourse, literature, film and television. Their operas are still commonly performed today, and some have been turned into movies. Many of the operas are very funny, and the songs are often parodied.

Producer Richard D'Oyly Carte brought Gilbert and Sullivan together and helped their collaboration. He built the Savoy Theatre in 1881 to present their joint works, and founded the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, which performed and promoted their works for over a century.

## Operas
* *Thespis*, or *The Gods Grown Old* (1871)
* *Trial by Jury* (1875)
* *The Sorcerer* (1877)
* *H.M.S. Pinafore*, or *The Lass That Loved a Sailor* (1878)
* *The Pirates of Penzance*, or *The Slave of Duty* (1879)
* *Patience*, or ''Bunthorne's Bride* (1881)
* *Iolanthe*, or *The Peer and the Peri* (1882)
* *Princess Ida*, or *Castle Adamant* (1884)
* *The Mikado*, or *The Town of Titipu* (1885)
* *Ruddigore*, or *The Witch's Curse* (1887)
* *The Yeomen of the Guard*, or *The Merryman and his Maid* (1888)
* *The Gondoliers*, or *The King of Barataria* (1889)
* *Utopia, Limited*, or *The Flowers of Progress* (1893)
* *The Grand Duke*, or *The Statutory Duel'' (1896)

## References
Anna Paquin

**Anna Helene Paquin** (born 24 July 1982) is a Canadian-New Zealand movie actress. She was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba to a French Canadian father and New Zealand mother. She won Academy Awards for *The Piano* at age 11 in 1994. She also performed in movies related to the *X-Men* franchise.

Paquin is openly bisexual.

## Filmography 
### Films 
### Television 
#### Telefilms 
#### Series 
### Short 
### Internet 
### Voice 
## References
## Other websites
*
Takahito, Prince Mikasa

was a member of the Imperial House of Japan.

## Early life
Prince Takahito was the fourth and youngest son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei.  He was the brother of Emperor Shōwa, who was the father of the current emperor.

The prince's childhood title was *Sumi-no-miya*. He attended  the Gakushūin Peers' School from 1922 to 1932.

The prince attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy from 1932 to 1936. He graduated from the Army Staff College.

In 1935, Emperor Shōwa gave him the title *Mikasa-no-miya* (Prince Mikasa). He was given permission to form a new branch of the Imperial family.

### Career
Prince Mikasa served in the army from 1937 to 1947.

He was an officer in China. He served at Army Headquarters during the Second World War.

## Honors
* Order of the Chrysanthemum
* Order of the Elephant
* Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, 1982

## Related pages 
* Line of succession to the Japanese throne
* Japanese Imperial family tree

## References 
 symbol of the Japanese emperor and his family.]]

## Other websites 
* Imperial Household Agency (*Kunaicho*), Prince and Princess Mikasa
Dayak people

The **Dayak** are the native ethnic group of Borneo. There is no Dayak culture, because the word is used for many different groups of people. Dayak live on the island of Borneo, that is either in Brunei, Indonesia or Malaysia. Originally, the Dayak had their own religions, which were a mix of animism and shamanism. In the 20th century, many Dayak converted to either Christianity or Islam. Some didn't, and they call their religion Kaharingan. For reasons of classifying, Kaharingan has been made a form of Hinduism. 

## Gallery

Dayak Couples.jpg|Dayak Couples
Dayak Dancers.jpg|Dayak Dancers
Dayak face.jpg|Dayak face
Dayak fashion and style.jpg|Dayak fashion and style
Dayak little Dancers.jpg|Dayak little Dancers
Dayak Parade.jpg|Dayak Parade
Dayak Shaman.jpg|Dayak Shaman
Dayak Traditional dance of South Kalimantan Province.jpg|Dayak Traditional dance of South Kalimantan Province
Dayak warior accssories.jpg|Dayak warior accssories
Dayak Warrior.jpg|Dayak Warrior
Positive-definite matrix

A **positive-definite matrix** is a matrix with special properties.  The definition of the term is best understood for square matrices that are symmetrical, also known as Hermitian matrices.  

## Definition 
A square matrix filled with real numbers is positive definite if it can be multiplied by any non-zero vector and its transpose and be greater than zero.  The vector chosen must be filled with real numbers.

## Examples 
*The matrix  M_0 =  \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1\end{bmatrix}   is positive definite. To prove this, we choose a vector with entries \textbf{z}= \begin{bmatrix} z_0 \\ z_1\end{bmatrix}.  When we multiply the vector, its transpose, and the matrix, we get:  \begin{bmatrix} z_0 & z_1\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} z_0 \\ z_1\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} z_0\cdot 1+z_1\cdot 0 & z_0\cdot 0+z_1\cdot 1\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} z_0 \\ z_1\end{bmatrix}=z_0^2+z_1^2; 
when the entries *z*0, *z*1 are real and at least one of them nonzero, this is positive.  This proves that the matrix  M_0  is positive-definite.
Pope Callixtus

**Pope Callixtus** has been the papal name of three popes of the Roman Catholic Church.

*Pope Callixtus I (217–222)
*Pope Callixtus II (1119–1124)
*Pope Callixtus III (1455–1458)
***Antipope Callixtus III*
Transpose

The **transpose** of a matrix **A** is another matrix where the rows of **A** are written as columns. Vectors can be transposed in the same way. We can write the transpose of **A** using different symbols such as **A**T, **A**&prime;  **A**tr and **A**t.  

## Examples 
Here is the vector \begin{bmatrix}
1 & 2  \end{bmatrix} being transposed:
*\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 2  \end{bmatrix}^{\mathrm{T}} \!\! \;\!
= \,
\begin{bmatrix}
1   \\
2  \end{bmatrix}.

Here are a few matrices being transposed:
*\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 2  \\
3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}^{\mathrm{T}} \!\! \;\!
= \,
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 3  \\
2 & 4 \end{bmatrix}.

* 
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 2 \\
3 & 4 \\
5 & 6 \end{bmatrix}^{\mathrm{T}}  \!\! \;\!
= \,
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 3 & 5\\
2 & 4 & 6 \end{bmatrix}. \;

* 
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 2 & 8 \\
3 & 4 & 3 \\
5 & 6 & 1 \end{bmatrix}^{\mathrm{T}}  \!\! \;\!
= \,
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 3 & 5\\
2 & 4 & 6\\
8 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}. \;

## Properties 
Given two matrices **A** and **B**, the following properties related to the transpose are true:

* (A^T)^{-1} = (A^{-1})^T
* (AB)^T = B^T A^T

## Related pages 
* Invertible matrix

## References
UEFA Euro 2012 Group B

**Group B** of the UEFA Euro 2012 began on June 9, 2012 and ended on June 17, 2012. The group had the teams of Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and Portugal. Germany and Portugal went to the quarter-finals. The group was named the "Group of death," because the teams were in the top 10 in the FIFA World Rankings at the start of the games.

## Table 
## Games 
### Netherlands vs Denmark 
### Germany vs Portugal 
### Denmark vs Portugal 
### Netherlands vs Germany 
### Portugal vs Netherlands 
### Denmark vs Germany 
## Statistics 
### Top scorer 
*  Mario Gómez (3 goals)

## Other websites 
*UEFA Euro 2012 Group B
Dwight Schrute

**Dwight Kurt Schrute III** (; born January 20, 1968) is a fictional character on *The Office* played by Rainn Wilson. He is one of the highest-ranking salesmen as well as assistant to the regional manager (disputed) at the paper company Dunder Mifflin. 

Schrute is known for his lack of social skills and common sense, his love for martial arts and the justice system, and his office rivalry with fellow salesman Jim Halpert. He is also known for his romantic relationship with Angela. 

Dwight was also the Vice President of Special Projects Development for the Sabre Corporation, but was soon replaced by Todd Packer, who was almost immediately terminated. In the final season, Dwight is finally offered the position of permanent Regional Manager.

## Notes
Emily Blunt

**Emily Olivia Laura Blunt** (born 23 February 1983) is a British and American actress. She has received nominations for an Academy Award and four British Academy Film Awards, and won a Golden Globe Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. She began acting professionally in 2001 in theater, and made her movie debut in 2004's *My Summer of Love*.

## Life
Blunt's television roles include the title character ''Gideon's Daughter*, for which she won a Golden Globe Award. Her movie roles include Emily Charlton in *The Devil Wears Prada*, the title role of Queen Victoria in *The Young Victoria* and Elise Sellas in *The Adjustment Bureau*.

Blunt married actor John Krasinski on 10 July 2010. The couple have two daughters, born in 2014 and 2016. Blunt became a dual British-American citizen in 2015. 

In 2018, Blunt starred alongside her husband in the 2018 horror movie *A Quiet Place*. She starred as Mary Poppins in the 2018 Disney fantasy movie *Mary Poppins Returns''.

In 2023, she starred as Katherine Oppenheimer, wife of J. Robert Oppenheimer, in Christopher Nolan's 2023 movie *Oppenheimer*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Folies Bergère

sculptured plaque. Legend reads 'The most celebrated music hall in the world'.]]

's *Bar at the Folies-Bergère, 1882*]]

The **Folies Bergère**  is a nightclub in Paris which opened in 1869 as a music hall. It was at the height of its fame and popularity from the 1890s until the Second World War. It is still in business.

## History
It opened on 2 May 1869 as the **Folies Trévise**, offering operettas, comic opera, popular songs, and gymnastics. It became the *Folies Bergère* on 13 September 1872, named after a nearby street, the rue Bergère. 

In 1882, Édouard Manet painted the famous *A Bar at the Folies-Bergère*.

In 1886, Édouard Marchand thought up a new type of entertainment for the *Folies Bergère*: the music-hall review. Women would be the heart of Marchand's concept for the *Folies*. In the early 1890s, the American dancer Loïe Fuller  starred at the *Folies Bergère*. In 1902, illness forced Marchand to leave after 16 years.

In 1918, Paul Derval (1880–1966) made his mark on the review. His reviews were to feature extravagant costumes, sets and effects, and his "small nude women". Derval's small nude women would become the hallmark of the *Folies*. During his 48 years at the Folies, he launched the careers of many French stars including Maurice Chevalier, Mistinguett, Josephine Baker, Fernandel and many others.

## Performers
Many famous entertainers have performed at the *Folies Bergère*:

## Filmography 
* 1936: *Folies Bergère de Paris* with Maurice Chevalier
* 1956: *Folies-Bergère* with Zizi Jeanmaire
* 1956: *Énigme aux Folies Bergère* 
* 1991: *La Totale!* 

## References
Temple of Zeus at Olympia

The **Temple of Zeus** is a Doric temple in the sanctuary at Olympia, Greece. Olympia was the site of the ancient Olympic Games. The temple is a ruin. It was dedicated to Zeus, the principal god of the Ancient Greeks. This temple was the most important and most impressive structure at Olympia. 

The temple was built between 470 BC and 456 BC. Local limestone was the chief material used. The roof tiles, the gargoyles, and the sculptures were made of marble. The temple measured 64.12 meters by 27.66 meters. It was 20.25 meters high. The temple had six columns at the ends and thirteen columns along both sides. The height of each column was 10.45 meters.

A ramp at the eastern end led to the *prodomos*. The table holding the Olympic wreaths stood to the right. The crowning of the victors took place on the last day at this spot. 

The sculptures of the east pediment depicted the story of Pelops and Hippodameia. This story is about the first chariot races. The sculptures of the west pediment depicted the story of the Centaurs and the Lapiths. This story is about the contest between barbarity and civilization. There were six metopes over the front porch and six over the back porch. They depicted the Labors of Heracles.

The temple once contained Phidias' *Statue of Zeus*, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. The fate of the statue is unknown. It may have been taken to Constantinople where it was probably destroyed in the fire of 475 AD. Or, it may have been destroyed in the fire at Olympia in 426 AD. Phidias' workshop was discovered at Olympia in 1954.

Statue bases cover the area around the temple. These bases held statues of gods, heroes, and Olympic victors. They were dedicated by individuals and cities. The sacred olive from which the Olympic wreaths were cut stood on the west side of the temple. Earthquakes destroyed it in 522 AD and in 551. 

## Reading list 
* 
*
Alan Dershowitz

, 2009]]
**Alan Morton Dershowitz** (born September 1, 1938) is an American lawyer, professor, and political commentator who is Jewish. He has spent most of his career at Harvard Law School, where he became the youngest full professor of law in its history in 1967, at the age of 28. He has held the Felix Frankfurter professorship there since 1993. He was born in Brooklyn.

Dershowitz is known for his role in several important legal cases and as a commentator on the Arab–Israeli conflict. As a criminal lawyer, he has won 13 of the 15 murder and attempted murder cases he has handled, and has represented many celebrity clients, such as Mike Tyson, Patty Hearst, Jeffrey Epstein and Jim Bakker. His most famous cases include his role in 1984 in overturning the conviction of Claus von Bülow for the attempted murder of his wife, Sunny, and as the appellate adviser for the defense in the trial of O.J. Simpson in 1995. In 2020, he was hired by President Donald Trump to defend him during his impeachment trial.

He is a political liberal, and has written several books on politics and law, including *Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case* (1985), the basis of the 1990 film; *Chutzpah* (1991); *Reasonable Doubts: The Criminal Justice System and the O.J. Simpson Case* (1996); *The Case for Israel* (2003); *Rights From Wrongs: A Secular Theory of the Origins of Rights* (2004) and *The Case for Peace* (2005).

He is also a writer (guest columnist/blogger) for The Huffington Post.

## References
Heraia

The **Heraia** were footraces held in honor of the goddess Hera in Olympia, Greece since early ancient times. The races were said to have been created by Hippodameia in gratitude for her marriage to Pelops. 

Only virgins from Elis, Greece competed. They wore a short tunic that fell just above the knees. The right shoulder was bare to the breast. Competitors ran only about 160 meters in the stadium of Olympia. This was somewhat short of the stadium's complete length. 

The judges were 16 Eleian women. Every four years, they wove Hera's sacred *peplos* (dress), and took it to her Temple. The judges had two special dances: the Hippodameia and the Physkoa. The latter was dedicated to a local nymph with whom Dionysos fell in love.  

Winners of the race received an olive branch wreath and a portion of the cow's meat sacrificed to Hera. They had the right to dedicate their statues to the Temple of Hera. The Heraia was not held during the years of the men's Olympic Games. About two years separated the events.
Amp

**Amp** or **AMP** may be:

## Science
*Ampere, a unit of electrical current
*Adenosine monophosphate, nucleotide found in RNA
*Amphetamine, medicine used for treatment of ADHD and certain sleep disorders
*Ampicillin, common antibiotic used in bacteria culture
*Amplifier, device that increases the amplitude of a signal
*Ampoule, medical container
*Antimicrobial peptides, immune system peptides
*AMP deaminase, a human enzyme encoded by the *AMPD1* gene

## Organizations
*AMP Limited, Australian financial services company or one of its buildings:
**AMP Building, Perth, Australia, see 140 St Georges Terrace
**AMP Building, Hobart, Australia
**AMP Centre, Sydney, Australia
**AMP Place, Brisbane, Australia
**AMP Society Building, Wellington, New Zealand
**AMP Capital, a subsidiary
* AMP Incorporated, US company purchased by Tyco International in 1999
*Alliance of the Presidential Majority (French: *Alliance pour la majorité présidentielle*), political platform in the Democratic Republic of Congo
*Americans for Medical Progress, medical research charity
*Ameriprise Financial, finance company spun off from American Express in 2005
*Anjaman Mozareen Punjab, small peasants organisation fighting for land rights in Okara, Lahore, Renala Khurd and Depalpur in Pakistan
*Applied Measurement Professionals, a company specializing in examinations for certification and licensure

## Computing
*AMP (solution stack) or "Apache, MySQL and PHP", software products commonly used together
*Ampersand, printable character
*Asymmetric multiprocessing, variety of processors for different tasks
*Alternative MAC/PHY, part of the Bluetooth specification as of version 3.0

## Entertainment
*AMP Radio Networks, Malaysian-based radio company
*Adobe Media Player, media player from Adobe
*Adventures in Motion Pictures, UK ballet company
*After Midnight Project, Los Angeles alternative rock band
**Amp* (TV series), music video show on MTV
*Amp (band), rock and electronic band
*Australian Music Prize, annual Australian music award
*Amp (comics), a Marvel Comics fictional mutant
*The Amp, a British music video channel

## Music
*Guitar amplifier
*Instrument amplifier, device for amplifying electric instruments

## Other
*AMP Energy, drink made by PepsiCo
*Advanced Manufacturing Park, manufacturing technology park in the United Kingdom
*Advanced Mobile Phone System, first-generation analog cellular technology
*Air Member for Personnel, senior appointment in the Royal Air Force
*AutoMag (pistol), automatic Magnum pistol
*Advanced Management Program (disambiguation), education program offered by several organizations
*Amp Electric Vehicles, an electric vehicle maker
*Asset Management Plan
*Amp Lee (born 1971)
*Amplified Bible, an English translation of the Bible
Jacme Taupiac

**Jacme Taupiac** (born 12 February 1939) is an Occitan author and linguist. He was one of the leaders of the Institut d'Estudis Occitans. He also modernized the Occitan grammar of Alibèrt and promoted the linguistic normalization of Val d'Aran. He is also a recognized Esperantist.

## Reference
*Biography on the magazine *Calenda*
Christopher Hill

**John Edward Christopher Hill** (6 February 1912 – 24 February 2003), usually known simply as **Christopher Hill**, was an English Marxist historian and author of textbooks.

Hill was born into a prosperous middle class family of Methodists in York. His father was a solicitor. He attended St Peter's School, York. When he sat his entrance examination at Balliol College, Oxford, The two history tutors from Balliol College, recognised his ability and offered him a place to forestall any chance he might go to Cambridge.

Before he went to Oxford in 1931, Hill had a prolonged holiday in Freiburg, Germany, where he witnessed the rise of the Nazi Party; he later said it contributed significantly to the radicalisation of his politics.

He died of cerebral atrophy in Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire.

## Publications 
* *The English Revolution 1640.* (1940)
* *The World Turned Upside Down:  Radical Ideas during the English Revolution.*  (1972)

## Writings about Hill 
* Braddick, Michael: *Christopher Hill.  The Life of a Radical Historian.*  (2025)
Laurean Rugambwa

**Laurean Rugambwa** (July 12, 1912 &ndash; December 8, 1997) was a Tanzanian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.  He is known as the first cardinal from sub-Saharan Africa. Laurean Rugambwa was born in Bukongo, Tanganyika (modern Tanzania). He became a priest in 1943. In Rome, he studied Canon law at the Pontifical Urban College.

Cardinal Rugambwa participated in the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965.

## References
## Other websites
*Tanzania Episcopal Conference , His Eminence Laurean Cardinal Rugambwa 
*Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church ,Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church 
*Catholic Hierarchy, Catholic-Hierarchy
Rufino Santos

**Rufino Jiao Santos** (August 26, 1908 &ndash; September 3, 1973) was a Filipino priest of the Roman Catholic Church. He is known as the first Filipino Cardinal.	

## Early life
Rufino Santos was born in Guagua, Pampanga. Santos studied at San Carlos Seminary from 1921 to 1927. He also studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

## Priest
Santos became a priest in 1931. He was ordained at the Basilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome.

In 1970, Cardinal Santos was host for Pope Paul VI when he visited the Philippines.

## References
## Other websites
* Rufino Cardinal Santos at Catholic Hierarchy
List of Big Time Rush episodes

*Big Time Rush*, (also known as *BTR*), is a television series that airs on the Nickelodeon network. It is about four Minnesota teenagers, played by Kendall Schmidt, James Maslow, Carlos Pena, Jr. and Logan Henderson, who form a boy band and move to Hollywood, California. Ciara Bravo, Tanya Chisholm, and Stephen Kramer Glickman co-star.

As of May 12, 2012, the show has aired fifty episodes over three seasons, from 2009 to 2012.

## Series overview 
## References
Temple of Hera at Olympia

The **Temple of Hera** (*Heraion*) is a temple dedicated to Hera, the Greek goddess of marriage. She was the wife of Zeus, the greatest of the Greek gods. The temple was built about 600 BC at Olympia, Greece. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. It measures 50 meters by 18.75 meters. It was about 7.80 meters high. It had six Doric columns at either end and sixteen Doric columns on each side. The columns were originally made of wood, but were replaced with limestone at different times. The temple was destroyed by an earthquake in the early 4th century AD. It was not repaired.

A statue of Hera was seated on a throne at the eastern end of the cella. A stone head that may be Hera survives. Next to Hera stood a statue of Zeus dressed as a warrior. The famous statue of *Hermes and the Infant Dionysos* of Praxiteles was kept in the temple. At the western end of the temple was kept the table that held the wreaths for the victors of the Olympic Games. Other valuable items were also kept at the western end.

Winners of the ancient all-female *Heraia* had the right to dedicate their statues to the temple. It was at these footraces that the statue of Hera was dressed every four years in a robe made by the women of Elis. The modern Olympic Flame is lit at the Altar of Hera which stands to the east of the temple. The German Archaeological Institute restored some of the columns in the late 20th century as well as the great circular akroterion of the temple. The akroterion is displayed in the Olympia museum. 

## Gallery 

File:Hera-tempel - Dorisch kapiteel.jpg|Doric capital of a column
File:Plan Olympia sanctuary-en.svg|Plan of Olympia (Temple of Hera, No. 4)
File:Plan of the Heraeum.png|Plan of the Temple of Hera
File:Head from Temple of Hera in Olympia.jpg|Head (possibly Hera) from the temple
File:Hermes di Prassitele, at Olimpia, front.jpg|*Hermes and the Infant Dionysos* of Praxiteles

## Other websites
Mount Ashitaka

]]

 is a Japanese volcanic complex in the area south-east of Mount Fuji.  Its highest peak is Mount Echizen-dake 1504 meters high, but Mount Ashitaka is named after its secondary peak, Ashitaka-yama, 1188 meters high.

## History
Mount Ashitaka erupted in the mid-Pleistocene epoch.  It last erupted about 100,000 years ago.  It is an extinct volcano.
  
## Gallery

File:Mount Fuji and Ashitaka Mountains from Satta Pass.JPG|Snow-covered Mt Fuji and Mt Ashitaka at far right seen across Suruga Bay
File:Tokaido53 Hara.jpg|Tokaido Road station near Hara by Hiroshige

## References
## Other websites
* SpringerImages, "Simplified geologic cross-section of Fuji and Ashitaka Volcanoes"
Australian Music Prize

The **Australian Music Prize** (The AMP) is a yearly award for an Australian band or solo artist.  It is $30,000. The AMP was formed in 2005.

The albums are judged on creative merit, not sales or popularity.

The list of nominees is given in February.  The winner is announced at an event in Sydney in March.

## Past winners and short list nominees
## Related pages
* Polaris Music Prize (Canada)
* Prix Constantin (France)
* Choice Music Prize (Ireland)
* Mercury Prize (United Kingdom)
* Shortlist Music Prize (United States)

## References
## Other websites
* AMP Website
Polaris Music Prize

The **Polaris Music Prize** is a music award given each year to the best full-length Canadian album.  It is for artistic merit, regardless of genre, sales, or record label.  The award was formed in 2006 with a $20,000 cash prize. the prize was increased to $30,000 for the 2011 award.

This list of nominees is released in early July. A group of 11 jury members ("The Grand Jury") meet in Toronto at the Polaris Music Prize gala in late September.  The winner is picked after the nominated bands perform.

## Past winners and short list nominees
## Related pages
* Choice Music Prize (Ireland)
* Mercury Music Prize (United Kingdom and Ireland)
* Australian Music Prize (Australia)
* Prix Constantin (France)
* Shortlist Prize (United States)

## References
## Other websites
* Polaris Music Prize
Pankration

**Pankration** was a sport in Ancient Greece. Eight of Pindar's odes were written in honor of pankratiasts. The pankration was a form of wrestling with one difference: the athletes were allowed to use their fists. They did not wear boxing thongs. Kicking and hitting were allowed but biting and gouging an eye or soft spot with a thumb or finger were forbidden. Umpires flogged athletes who violated these rules. In spite of this punishment, violations often occurred.

A Greek wrestler aimed to throw his opponent; a pankratiast however aimed to force his opponent to concede defeat. This might be done by getting an opponent in a hold that, if he did not yield (give up), a bone would be broken or a joint dislocated. Size and weight did not matter as much in the pankration as they did in boxing and wrestling because pankratiasts spent most of their time rolling around on the ground. 

The Greeks loved the pankration. They considered it the greatest test of an athlete's skill and strength. The pankration was also a favorite sport in Roman imperial times. The most famous ancient pankratiast was Arrichon of Philageia in the 6th century BC. He won the pankration in two Olympics, but died of a stranglehold in the Olympics of 564 BC. He was awarded the victor's wreath. Both Philostratus and Pausanias told the story of his final bout. A statue in the Olympia Museum may be his.

## Gallery: Pankrationiasts on Greek pottery 

File:Pankratiast in fighting stance.jpg|Pankratiast in fighting stance, Ancient Greek red-figure amphora, 440 BC. Staatliche Antikensammlungen, Munich
File:Pancratist Amphora, by the Berlin Painter - Red Figure.jpg|Amphora, ca. 490 BC
File:Pankration Met 16.71.jpg|Pankratiasts fighting under the eyes of a judge. Side B of a Panathenaic prize amphora, ca. 500 BC. Height: 63.5 cm (25 in). Metropolitan Museum of Art
File:Foul pankration at Kylix by the Foundry Painter BM VaseE78.jpg|Pankration scene: the pankrationiast on the right tries to gouge his opponent's eye; the umpire is about to strike him for this foul. Detail from an Attic red-figure kylix in the British Museum, 490-480 BC. From Vulci, Italy.
File:Pankration Met 06.1021.49.jpg|Pankratiasts fighting under the eyes of a trainer and an onlooker. Side A of an Attic black-figure skyphos, ca. 500 BC. Height: 16.2 cm (6.4 in). Diameter: 22.5 cm (8.9 in).

## Sources 
*
Milo of Croton

**Milo of Croton** was a 6th century&nbsp;BC Greek wrestler. He came from the Greek city of Croton in southern Italy. He had great success as a wrestler. He won many times in the most important sports festivals of ancient Greece.  He also led the people of Croton to a military victory over the neighboring city of Sybaris in 510 BC.

Milo was said to be a friend of Pythagoras. One story says the wrestler saved the philosopher's life when a roof was about to fall on him. Another story says that Milo may have married the philosopher's daughter. Like other successful athletes of ancient Greece, Milo was the subject of tales of strength and power. Among other tales, he was said to have carried a bull on his shoulders and to have burst a band about his forehead by inflating the veins of his temples.

The date of Milo's death is unknown. He was said to be splitting a tree in half when his hands became trapped in the tree. It was then that a pack of wolves surprised, killed, and ate him.   Milo is the subject of works of art by Pierre Puget, Étienne-Maurice Falconet and others. In literature, Rabelais wrote about him in *Gargantua and Pantagruel* and Shakespeare did the same in *Troilus and Cressida*.

## References