open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Wacława Sadkowska

**Wacława Sadkowska-Fronczak** (17 September 1906 - 4 March 1965) was a Polish track and field athlete competing in sprint events, and long jump. She was seven times national champion, 13 times national record holder and represented Poland internationally. She later became a teacher and sports journalist.

## Biography
### Athletics career
She was a member of member of the Warsaw clubs Sokół and Grażyna. She became seven times Polish national athletics champion. She was 13 time national record holder in sprints and the long jump (1925-1930). She represented Poland at the 1926 Women's World Games in Gothenburg and finished seventh in the long jump event with a distance of 4.77 metres.

### Personal life
Sadkowska was born in Starachówka on 4 March 1965. She studied at the Eliza Orzeszkowa Women's Teachers' Seminary in Warsaw and the State Institute of Physical Education. She became a physical education teacher at the State Coeducational Gymnasium in Nowogródek, Emilia Plater State Gymnasium in Warsaw and the Tomasz Zan State Coeducational Gymnasium in Warsaw.

She was editor of the magazines *Sport i Wczasy* between 1949 and 1950 and of *Wychowanie Fizyczne i Higiena Szkolna* from 1953.

She died in Warsaw on 4 March 1965 at the age of 58.

## References
Antonina Taborowicz

**Antonina Taborowicz** (4 October 1899 - 11 January 1993) was a Polish track and field athlete specialized in the high jump. She was three times national champion, 13 times national record holder and represented Poland internationally. She was a resistance member during World War II.

## Biography
### Athletics career
She was a member of Sokół Warszawa and Sokół-Grażyna. She became three times Polish national athletics champion in the high jump in 1924, 1925 and 1926. She was four times national record holder in the high jump; up to 1.40 metres in 1926. She represented Poland at the 1926 Women's World Games in Gothenburg and finished sixth in the high jump event in a new Polish national record.

### Personal life
Sadkowska was born in Warsaw on 4 October 1899. During the occupation of Poland during World War II she cooperated with the dominant resistance movement Home Army.

## References
Arab cinema

**Arab cinema** or **Arabic cinema** () refers to the film industry of the Arab world. Most productions are from the Egyptian cinema.

## References
Hyloxalus ruizi

'''Ruiz's rocket frog'* (*Hyloxalus ruizi'') is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home
This frog lives on the ground in forests and cloud forests near streams. It only lives in forests that have never been cut down.  Scientists saw these frogs between 2410 and 2469  meters above sea level.

## Young
Scientists think this frog's tadpoles swim in streams but they are not sure.

## Danger
Scientists saw six of these frogs in 1979. Since then, scientists have looked for frogs near the frog's home, but they never saw it again.

Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. People cut down too many trees to build farms and make places for cows to eat grass. Pig farms put bad chemicals into the water, which can hurt frogs.

## References
Brain rot

character.]]
**Brain rot** (or **brainrot**) is content on the Internet that affects mental health in a way that is harmful or causes it to metaphorically “rot”. This can happen by spending a lot of time looking at content without meaning, including some internet memes. The term was coined by Henry David Thoreau in 1854.  The term has been used online since 2004 but became popular in 2023, also as an internet meme. 

## References
Trischa Zorn

**Trischa Zorn** (born June 1, 1964, in Orange, California) is an American Paralympic swimmer. Born blind, she took part in Paralympic swimming (S12, SB12, and SM12 disability categories). and was added into the Paralympic Hall of Fame in 2012.  She took the Paralympic Oath for athletes at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta.
## Biography
Zorn studied special education at the University of Nebraska. She competed in the 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 Paralympic Games and won a combined total of 55 medals (41 gold, 9 silver, 5 bronze). In the 1996 Games in Atlanta, she won more medals than any other athlete: two gold, three silver and three bronze. She had also increased the individual medal table at the 1992 Paralympic Games in Barcelona, She had won seven gold medals during her first game in 1980.

After the Sydney Games in 2000, she also held eight world records in her disability category.

On 1 January 2005, Zorn was one of eight athletes admired during New Year celebrations in Times Square in New York City. The other seven were Ian Thorpe of Australia, Nadia Comăneci of Romania, George Weah of Liberia, Françoise Mbango Etone of Cameroon, Gao Min of China, Félix Sánchez of the Dominican Republic and Bart Conner of the United States.

## References
Saint-Germain-la-Ville

**Saint-Germain-la-Ville** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Marne department in northeast France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Marne department

## References
Bixby Creek (California)

**Bixby Creek** is a west flowing stream in Monterey County the U.S. state of California. The stream is crossed by the Bixby Creek Bridge of California State Route 1 before entering the Pacific Ocean.

## Related pages 
* List of rivers of California

## References
Bixby Creek Bridge

**Bixby Bridge**, also known as **Bixby Creek Bridge**, is a bridge on the Big Sur coast of California. It is one of the most photographed bridges in California, because of its aesthetic design, "graceful architecture and magnificent setting". It is a reinforced concrete open-spandrel arch bridge. The bridge is  south of San Francisco and  south of Carmel in Monterey County on State Route 1.

The bridge opened in 1932. Before then, the residents of the Big Sur area were cut off during winter due to blockages on the often impassable Old Coast Road, which led  inland. The bridge was built under budget for $199,861 (equivalent to $ in  dollars) and, at ,

The land north and south of the bridge was privately owned until 1988 and 2001. A logging company obtained approval to harvest redwood on the former Bixby Ranch to the north in 1986, and in 2000 a developer obtained approval to subdivide the former Brazil Ranch to the south. Local residents and conservationists fought their plans, and both pieces of land were eventually acquired by local and federal government agencies. A $20 million seismic retrofit was completed in 1996, although its  width does not meet modern standards requiring bridges to be  wide.

## Characteristics 
The bridge is  in total length and  wide, with  of clearance below, and has a main span of , which places 50% of the total roadbed above the arch. The arch ribs are five feet thick at the deck and nine feet thick at the springing line, where they join the towers at their base. The arches are four and one-half feet wide. The bridge was designed to support more than six times its intended load.

The two large, vertical buttresses or supporting pillars on either side of the arch, while aesthetically pleasing, are functionally unnecessary. Engineers of later arch bridges such as the Frederick W. Panhorst Bridge omitted them from the design. The Rocky Creek Bridge and the Malpaso Creek Bridge to the north are also open-spandrel arch bridges built of reinforced concrete.

## Construction 
The state first began building Route 56, or the Carmel&ndash;San Simeon Highway, in 1919. A number of bridges needed to be constructed, the largest among them across Bixby Creek.

### Bridge design 
State engineers considered two alternatives to crossing the creek, an inland route and a smaller bridge, or a coastal location and a larger bridge. The inland route would have needed an 890-foot (270 m) tunnel cut through the Santa Lucia Mountains to a 250-foot (76 m) bridge upstream. They chose concrete in part because it would not only reduce both construction and maintenance costs but would also echo the color and composition of the natural rock cliff formations in the area. 600,000 pounds of reinforcing steel and  of cement were used to build the bridge.
The bridge was necessary to complete the two-lane road which opened in 1937 after 18 years of construction. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Pelicannetwork.net: Big Sur Bixby Bridge
* *Popular Mechanics* (April 1933) — Concrete Arch bridges California Canyon
Avatar: Fire and Ash

***Avatar: Fire and Ash*** is a science fiction movie directed by James Cameron and written by Cameron, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. It is a sequel to *Avatar* (2009) and *Avatar: The Way of Water* (2022) and the third movie in the *Avatar* franchise. On a budget of more than $250 million, it is one of the most expensive movies ever made, like the other two Avatar movies. The movie will be released in the United States on December 19, 2025. Two more *Avatar* movies, *Avatar 4* and *Avatar 5*, will be released in 2029 and 2031, respectively.

## Premise 
One year after joining the Metkayina clan, Jake and Neytiri’s family is still sad about the death of their son Neteyam. They soon meet a new and violent Naʼvi group called the Mangkwan clan, also known as the Ash People. The group is led by Varang, a strong and angry leader. Varang works together with Jake’s enemy, Quaritch. As a result, the fighting on Pandora becomes much worse.

## Release 
*Avatar: Fire and Ash* is planned to be released on December 19, 2025, by 20th Century Studios.

The film was delayed many times because more time was needed for writing and visual effects. It was first planned for release in 2015, but the date was changed several times.

The release was delayed again because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In June 2023, it was delayed once more due to the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike.

The film and its future sequels will be shown in Dolby Vision.

The film is also planned to be released in cinemas in the United Arab Emirates on December 18, 2025.

## Theme 
Both James Cameron and critics noted that a key scene between the characters of Jake and Spider echoed the biblical story of Abraham and Isaac.

## Notes
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Kraven the Hunter (movie)

***Kraven the Hunter*** is a 2024 American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics villain of the same name.

## Overview
Directed by J. C. Chandor and written by Richard Wenk, Art Marcum, and Matt Holloway, the movie is the 6th movie in Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU), a cinematic universe based on characters related to the superhero Spider-Man. 

Aaron Taylor-Johnson stars as Kraven, having played Quicksilver in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movie *Avengers: Age of Ultron* (2015). Rhino and the Chameleon, who are both Spider-Man's enemies like Kraven, also appear in the movie.

Before Sony decided to make a Kraven movie, they planned to make him the main villain in one of Spider-Man's movies. The movie's budget was $130 million. 
### Release
The movie was released on December 13, 2024.

## Related pages
* Villian
* Kraven

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
App Store (tvOS)

**The App Store** is a digital distribution platform developed and maintained by Apple for tvOS apps for the Apple TV digital media player. It was announced on September 9, 2015.

## Development 
tvOS features all-new development tools for developers, and tvOS supports a brand-new SDK that lets developers build apps for TV, including all the APIs included in iOS 9, such as Metal. It also adds an app store where users can browse, download, and install a variety of applications. Additionally, developers can now use their own interfaces within their applications, rather than just Apple's.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Apple Developer Program
Ketchapp

**Ketchapp** is an French video game company that specializes in mobile games.  The company's first game was *Chilly Rush. Founded in 2014 by brothers Antoine and Michel Morcos, the company first came into the public eye later that year, through its port of the open-source game 2048.* When Ketchapp was acquired by Ubisoft in September 2016, the company had more than 700 million downloads across their portfolio of games. By 2020, KetchApp had released over 200 games.

## References
Irena Gwizdała

**Irena Gwizdała** (24 January 1904 - 11 March 1982) was a Polish track and field athlete specialized in sprint events and long jump. She became three times national champion in the early era of female athletic in Poland and won a total of six medals at the Poland Athletics Championships during the early 1920s.

## Biography
The first female national athletics championships in Poland were in 1922. At these championships Gwizdała became national champion in the  4 × 50 merred relay together with Pogoń Lwów club members Bronisława Szmendziuk, Ewa Karczmar and Stefania Nowożeniuk. She won the bronze medal in the 60 metres sprint behind Bronisława Szmendziuk and Irmina Rzeźnicka. In 1923 she became national champion in the 4 × 60 metres relay and the 4 × 100 metres relay. Furthermore she won the silver medal in the high jump and the bronze medal in the 200 metres.

## References
Recruiting (Army)

Recruiting is the first period of time in a soldier 's service in the army. During this period of time, the length of which can vary from a few weeks to a few months, the soldier is absorbed into the army, acquires basic military skills, but mainly adapts a lifestyle and behavior that are compatible with the military body, and are very different to his previous life.

File:IDF_women_soldiers_in_basic_training_1954_(טירוניות_בבה).jpg | Internships in the IDF with Czech rifles, in Hd 12 (Zerifin), October 1954. 

File:Air_Force_Basic_Training_Field.jpg | Recruits in the United States Air Force during training. 

File:Recruit_having_head_shaved.jpg | The long hair of an enlisted boy the United States Marine Corps is shaved off before the beginning of his enlistment. 

File:US_Navy_101029-N-8848T-223_Gunnery_Sgt._Duncan_Hurst_encourages_an_officer_candidate_to_properly_perform_pushups_during_the_first_week_of_the_12-we.jpg | Rookies destined to become officers at the officer school perform push-ups, while being shouted at by instructors.  

## Related pages 
* Recruit training in the Israel Defense Forces
Recruit training in the Israel Defense Forces

, Bahad 12, in 1954]]

Recruiting (Army) in the IDF is the first initiation period for soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces, as in any modern army. The purpose of the internment is to train young citizens for their military service. During this stage a ceremony is usually held, in which the soldiers swear allegiance to the IDF before beginning their military duties. or the beginning of the training intended for them

 rookies in combat fitness training. ]]

## The basic training phase 
 training. ]]

At this stage, the fighters go through six weeks of shooting to become proficient with their personal weapons, a field week, a squad detail week, classroom and platoon weeks in an open field, combat exercises in a built-up area and other stages.

, 1969. ]]

. ]]

## Related pages 
* Israel Defense Forces

## Footnotes
Para-equestrian

**Para-equestrian** is an equestrian parasport (sport for disabled people). Its governing body is the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI).

There are three disciplines (kinds) of para-equestrian: **para-dressage**, Only para-dressage and para-driving are under FEI.

## Para-dressage 
Para-dressage is dressage for disabled people. , it is the only Paralympic sport with an animal. It is under FEI since 2006.

## Para-driving 
Para-driving is  for disabled people. It is under FEI since 2006.

There are two Grades: Grade 1 is for riders with the most physical disability, Grade 2 is for those with the least.

## Para-showjumping 
Para-showjumping, or para-jumping, is show jumping for disabled people. , it is not under FEI.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Para Equestrian at *International Paralympic Committee*
* United States Para-Equestrian Association (USPEA)
* Para equestrian at ''*
;Para-dressage
* Para Dressage at *International Federation for Equestrian Sports*
* Para Dressage at **
;Para-driving
* Para Driving at *International Federation for Equestrian Sports''
* Para Carriagedriving at '**
;Para-showjumping
* Para Equestrian Jumping at **'
Angel Say No

"**Angel Say No**" is a song by American rock band Tommy Tutone. It's the lead single from their self-titled debut album (1980) and is the first track on the album. It peaked at number 38 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Track listing
## Personnel
;Tommy Tutone
*Tommy Heath – rhythm guitar, lead vocals,  keyboards
*Jim Keller – lead guitar, backing vocals
*Terry Nails – bass, backing vocals
*Micky Shine – drums, backing vocals, percussion
;Production
*Ed Thacker – production, engineering 
*Brian Leshon – production
*Phil Jost – production

## References
Jadwiga Szoszler-Wilejto

**Jadwiga Szoszler-Wilejto** (born 22 January 1949) is a retired Polish archer. Szoszler-Wilejto competed at the 1972, 1976 and the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## References
Irena Szydłowska

**Irena Szydłowska** (28 January 1928 - 14 August 1983) was a Polish archer. Szydłowska competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics.

## References
Wojciech Szymańczyk

**Wojciech Szymańczyk** (19 February 1943 - 22 November 1996) was a Polish archer. Szymańczyk competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

## References
867-5309/Jenny

"**867-5309/Jenny**" is a song by American rock band Tommy Tutone. It was released as a single on November 16, 1981.  It peaked at number four on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and number one on the Rock Top Tracks chart in April 1982. The song led to a fad of prank calling the number 867-5309 and asking for "Jenny".

Bruce Springsteen's 2007 single "Radio Nowhere" has a set of guitar riffs at the beginning that are similar to "867-5309/Jenny". The lyrics and the tone of the two songs are quite different. Tommy Heath has stated  he had no interest in suing. If anything, he felt "really honored at a similarity, if any".

## Creation 
Lead guitarist Jim Keller has said "Jenny is a regular girl, not a hooker. Friends of mine wrote her name and number on a men's room wall at a bar. I called her on a dare, and we dated for a while. I haven't talked with her since the song became a hit, but I hear she thinks I'm a real jerk for writing it."

Tommy Tutone lead singer Tommy Heath stated on the *WGN Morning News* that the number was real. He said it was the number of a girl he knew. As a joke, he wrote it on a bathroom wall in a motel where they were staying. "We laughed about it for years," he said.

In a June 2004 interview with *Songfacts*, co-writer  Alex Call explained the song's real origins. "There was no Jenny. "I was just trying to write a 4-chord Rock song and it just kind of came out." He added that "Tommy Tutone's been using the story for years that there was a Jenny and she ran a recording studio and so forth. It makes a better story but it's not true. That sounds a lot better than I made it up under a plum tree in my backyard."

In the song's music video, the "Jenny" character is played by Karen Elaine Morton.

## Prank calls
After the song's release, people started prank calling phone numbers with different area codes. This made some people who owned the number frustrated, and some people had to change their phone number because of this. 

## Charts 
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 867-5309 in all US and Canadian Area Codes (Telephone World)
Hello Katy Tour

The **Hello Katy Tour** was the debut solo concert tour by American singer Katy Perry. It was for her second studio album One of the Boys. It started on January 23, 2009 in Seattle, United States and ended on November 28, 2009 in Austria, Ischgl.

## Set list
### Songs
#"Fingerprints"
#"One of the Boys"
#"Hokey Pokey"
#"Hot n Cold"
#"Self Inflicted"
#"Mannequin"
#"Thinking of You"
#"Ur So Gay"
#"Waking Up in Vegas"
#"Lost"
#"I'm Still Breathing"
#"I Think I'm Ready"
#"If You Can Afford Me"

;Encore
#"I Kissed a Girl"

### Notes
#"Hackensack", a Fountains of Wayne cover, was performed after "Lost" on August 21 and August 29.
#"Don't Stop Me Now" was played before the encore on July 28. "Starstrukk" was played as an encore instead with a special appearance by 3OH!3.

## Tour dates
## Box office score data
## Notes
## References
Games for Windows - Live

**Games for Windows – Live** or GFWL (Games for Windows – LIVE) is a digital distribution, social networking, and online gaming service for PC titles branded Games for Windows, introduced on May 29, 2007, that enables Windows PCs to connect to Microsoft 's Live Anywhere service. Designed for Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7; still works on Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows 10.

The service was open to third-party developers, but they had to meet certain Technical Certification Requirements (TCRs), which included (but were not limited to): game ratings, total number of Gamerscore points, content, game profiles, and Live connectivity. Games for Windows – Live games also had to meet standard Games for Windows (games that do not have Live support) TCRs. The same developer support infrastructure is available as on Xbox 360. Assistance for developers is provided through Microsoft XNA Developer Connection.

## Localization
As of February 10, 2015 Games for Windows – Live is available in 42 countries/territories.

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Games for Windows – Live  .
Paweł Szymczak

**Paweł Szymczak** (born 8 August 1978) is a Polish archer. Szymczak competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

## References
Grzegorz Targoński

**Grzegorz Targoński** (born 19 August 1978) is a Polish archer. Targoński competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## References
California Dreams Tour

The **California Dream Tour** was the second concert tour by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry. It was to support her third studio album Teenage Dream. It started on February 20, 2011 in Lisbon, Portugal and ended on January 22, 22 in Passay, Phillipines.
## Set list
This set list is from the show on June 15, 2011 in Columbia, Maryland. It is not intended to represent all concerts for the tour.

# "Teenage Dream"
# "Hummingbird Heartbeat"
# "Waking Up in Vegas"
# "Ur So Gay"
# "Peacock"
# "I Kissed a Girl"
# "Circle the Drain"
# "E.T."
# "Who Am I Living For?"
# "Pearl"
# "Not Like the Movies"
# "The One That Got Away"
# "Only Girl (In the World)" / "Big Pimpin'" / "Friday" / "Whip My Hair"
# "Thinking of You"
# "Hot n Cold"
# "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"
# "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" 
# "Firework"
**Encore:**
# "California Gurls"

## Tour dates
## Personnel
### Main
* Show Director — Baz Halpin
* Production & Lighting Design — Baz Halpin & Chris Nyfield
* Production Manager — Jay Schmit
* Programming — Baz Halpin & Bryan Barancik
* Lighting Director — Brad Teagan
* Lighting Crew Chief — John Chiodo
* Lighting Crew — Mat Hamilton, Andy Cimerman, Wayne Kwiat, & Daniel Kirkman
* Video Director — Richy Parkin
* Video Producer — Olivier Goulet
* Video Technical Director — Olivier Goulet
* Video Projectionist — Jason Lowe
* Video Tech — Gordon Davis
* Tour Manager — Fitzroy Hellin
* Stage Manager — Aaron Draude
* Event Manager — Jordan Ford
* General Management — Meghan Brown 
* Riggers — Chuck Melton & John Williamson
* Pyro — Phil Maggs
* Lighting Company — Upstaging Inc.
* Video Company — Chaos Visual Productions
* Set Construction — ShowFX Inc.
* Staging Company — All Access Staging & Productions
* Lasers — Laser Design Productions
* Photography — Baz Halpin & Todd Kaplan
* Fashion Stylist — Meghan Brown
* Dancers — Leah Adler, Lockhart Brownlie, Anthony Burrell, Lexie Contursi, Ashley Ashida Dixon, Brandee Evans, Bryan Gaw, Malik LeNost, Rachael Markarian, Scott Myrick, Cassidy Noblett, Anne Stenberg, & Darine Stenberg

### Band
* Lead vocals & guitar — Katy Perry
* Background vocals — Lauren Allison Ball & Tasha Layton
* Musical director & drums — Adam Marcello
* Guitars — Casey Hooper & Patrick Matera
* Keyboards — Max Hart
* Bass — Joshua Moreau

## Notes
## References
Aortic valve

The **aortic valve** is a valve in the heart of humans and most other animals. It is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. It is one of the four valves of the heart and one of the two semilunar valves, the other being the pulmonary valve. 

The aortic valve normally has three leaflets, although in 1–2% of the population it is found to congenitally have two leaflets. 

The aortic valve is the last structure in the heart the blood travels through before stopping the flow through the systemic circulation.

## References
Hot desert climate

A **hot desert climate** is a type of arid climate that has extremely low precipitation. Conditions are dry and desert-like because there is more evaporation than precipitation. Rainfall is irregular and usually happens in short, intense bursts. Temperatures can vary widely, but summers are usually hot (sometimes scorching) while winters are usually mild to cool.

## Classification 
The Köppen climate chart classifies an arid climate as "BW." A Russo-German climatologist named Wladimir Köppen defined this type of climate in 1900.    Arid climates are typically found between latitudes 15° and 30° N and S. There are vast desert regions in North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of central and western Asia.

Based on temperature patterns and seasonal variations, arid climates are further divided into hot deserts (BWh), like the Sahara, and cold deserts (BWk), like the Gobi Desert.
Saint-Gibrien

**Saint-Gibrien** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Marne department in northeast France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Marne department

## References
Lehi

Lehi could refer to 

* Lehi (Mormon prophet) in North America.
* Lehi (militant group) in the Middle East.
Witness: The Tour

**Withness: The Tour** was the fourth concert tour by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry. It was to support her fifth studio album, Witness. It started on September 19, 2017 in Montreal, Canada and ended on August 21, 2018 in Auckland, New Zealand.

## Witness: Coming Home 
On March 13, 2018, Perry announced “Witness: Coming Home”, a benefit concert held in her hometown of Santa Barbara, California, to support residents recovering from the 2017 California wildfires and 2018 Southern California mudflows. She partnered with the Santa Barbara Foundation, the 93108 Fund, and The 805 UndocuFund, all of which provide grants and assistance to affected community members in the region.

## Set list 
This set list is from the show on January 19, 2018, in Glendale. It is not intended to represent all concerts for the tour.
### Songs
#"Witness" / "Roulette"
#"Dark Horse"
#"Chained to the Rhythm"
#"Act My Age" (interlude)
#"Teenage Dream" 
#"Hot n Cold" / "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" 
#"California Gurls"
#"I Kissed a Girl"
#"Déjà Vu"
#"Tsunami"
#"E.T."
#"Bon Appétit" (contains elements of "What Have You Done for Me Lately")
#"Mind Maze" (interlude)
#"Wide Awake"
#"Thinking of You"
#"Power"
#"Part of Me"
#"Swish Swish"
#"Roar"
**Encore**
#"Firework"

### Notes
* "Wide Awake" was not performed during the first shows. Moreover, on selected dates, Perry performed "Save as Draft" and "Hey Hey Hey" before "Power" and "Part of Me" respectively.
* On October 6, 2017 in New York City, Perry performed an acoustic version of "Part of Me" before "Power", rather than later in the show as a dedication to her fans for coming after the 2017 Las Vegas shooting.
* On selected dates in South America, Perry performed "Unconditionally" in place of "Thinking of You". Moreover, during the concert in Rio de Janeiro, Perry dedicated the performance of "Power" to Marielle Franco, who died the week before, and called Franco's relatives onstage to express her condolences.
* From the first show in Saitama onwards, Perry performed "Into Me You See" in place of "Thinking of You".
* On selected dates, Perry performed "Pendulum" before "Firework", as part of the encore.
* On June 22, 2018 in Manchester, Perry performed "By the Grace of God" in place of "Into Me You See" as a dedication to the city due to the Manchester Arena bombing. She also dedicated "Firework" to the 22 victims of the attack.
* On June 28, 2018 in Barcelona, Perry performed a cover of "One of Us" by Joan Osborne in place of "Into Me You See".

## Tour dates 
### Cancelled shows 
## Notes
## References
Sanjukta Dutta

**Sanjukta Dutta** is an Indian fashion designer. Her work integrates traditional Assamese textiles and motifs with contemporary fashion elements, highlighting the cultural heritage of Assam on national and international platforms.

## Early life and education 
Sanjukta Dutta was born in Nagaon, Assam, India. She pursued her education in engineering and graduated with a Bachelor of Engineering (BE) degree from Assam Engineering College. After completing her studies, she began working as an Assistant Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD).

## Career 
Dutta's interest in fashion and her desire to promote Assamese culture led her to start a weaving unit in Guwahati in January 2012. Subsequently, she resigned from her job in the engineering field to focus on her career as a fashion designer. She established her own fashion label, **Sanjukta Studio**, which is known for its fusion of Assamese traditional weaves with modern fashion trends

Her designs have been showcased at various international fashion shows, and she has worked to represent Assamese culture through her garments, which often feature traditional motifs and weaving techniques from the region.

## Awards and recognition 
* Debut on the red carpet at the 77th Cannes Film Festival.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Jewish state

In world politics, **Jewish state** is a characterization of Israel as the nation-state and sovereign homeland for the Jewish people.

## References
Homeland of the Jewish people

The idea of a **homeland for the Jewish people** is rooted in Jewish culture and religion. The Napoleonic Wars helped give rise to the idea of Jewish emancipation in the early nineteenth century . Many cultural, religious, secular, and political philosophies arose among the Jews of Europe, including everything from Marxism to Hasidism. Among these movements was the Zionist movement promoted by Theodor Herzl. 

## History 
The Napoleonic Wars helped give rise to the idea of Jewish emancipation in the early nineteenth century.

## Footnotes
Stephen Broden

**Stephen Edward Broden** (born April 11, 1952) is an American businessman, pastor, political activist, broadcaster, and former professor. He is the Constitution Party's candidate for Vice President of the United States in the 2024 presidential election.

In 2010, he was the Republican candidate for  for the United States House of Representatives. He lost the election to Democratic Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson. 

In April 2024, Broden was picked as Randall Terry's vice presidential running mate for the Constitution Party's ticket.

## References
Fear (2007 movie)

***Fear*** is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language horror film directed by Vikram Bhatt. Starring Amit Gaur, Aditya Ralkar and Alisha Baig, the film was released direct-to-video.

## Cast
*Amit Gaur
*Aditya Ralkar
*Alisha Baig
*Kiran Juneja
*Avtar Gill
*Kishori Shahane
*Tanvi Uday
*Vishwas
*Gauri Karnik
*Ajay Jadhav
*Dibyendu Bhattacharya
*Mohit Adlakha

## Soundtrack
Joginder Tuteja from *Bollywood Hungama* gave the album 1.5 stars out of 5, comparing it unfavorably to the soundtrack of Vikram Bhatt's previous horror film *Raaz* and claiming it would not make an impact as opposed to Bhatt's claim that the soundtrack would "haunt people for centuries."

## References 
## Other websites 
*
The Single Guy

***The Single Guy*** is a NBC sitcom that aired from September 21, 1995 to April 14, 1997 for two seasons and 43 episodes. It stars Jonathan Silverman, Joey Slotnick, Mark Moses, Ernest Borgnine, Jessica Hecht, Shawn Michael Howard, Olivia d'Abo and J.E. Freeman.

## Other websites
*
Death penalty in the Gaza Strip

Authorities use the **death penalty in the Gaza Strip** to punish certain major crimes.

Despite the tropes and misinformation about executions in Gaza, only three crimes are punishable by the death penalty: murder, "collaboration with hostile entities", and drug trafficking. 

## History 
A mixture of Islamic law and secular (non-religious) law governs the death penalty in Gaza. Some of the secular law was established by the British when the places now within Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory were both in Mandatory Palestine. One of these secular laws was he Penal Law No. 74, which was approved in 1936. 

As of December 2018, the courts of the Gaza Strip had issued 186 death sentences. One hundred twenty-eight of these were issued after 2007.

## Mahmoud Ishtiwi 
On 7 February 2016, Al-Qassam killed , one of their group's top commanders. Rumours said that his crimes included homosexuality and theft. 

## People executed 
## References
Agouti

The **agouti** is any of several rodent species of the genus ***Dasyprocta***. They are native to Mexico, Central America, northern and central South America, and the southern Lesser Antilles. Some species have also been introduced elsewhere in the West Indies.

They are related to guinea pigs and look quite similar, but they are larger and have longer legs. The species vary considerably in colour, being brown, reddish, dull orange, greyish, or blackish, but typically with lighter underparts.  Their bodies are covered with coarse hair, which is raised when alarmed. They weigh  and are  in length, with short, hairless tails.

## References
Pancho Vladigerov

**Pancho Haralanov Vladigerov** (or **Wladigeroff**, **Wladigerow**, **Vladiguerov**, **Vladigueroff**;  ; 13 March 18998 September 1978) was a Bulgarian composer, pedagogue, and piano player.

Vladigerov is probably the most important Bulgarian composer. He combined Bulgarian folk music and classical music. He was part of the "*Second Generation Bulgarian Composers*". Vladigerov was also one of the founders of the Bulgarian Contemporary Music Society (1933). This society later became the Union of Bulgarian Composers. Vladigerov helped start many genres Bulgarian music. He helped start the violin sonata and the piano trio. He was also an important pedagogue. His students would all be important Bulgarian musicians. Some of his students were Alexander Raichev, Alexander Yossifov, Stefan Remenkov, and Alexis Weissenberg.

## Notes
## References 
* Pavlov&nbsp;— Klosterman, Evgeni. 2000. *Pancho Vladigerov.* Sofia: Muzika
* Fedotova Valery, Some tendencies of Bulgarian music in the context of national art in the first half of the twentieth century. // Bulgarian art and literature. History and modernity. SIAS. Moscow, 2003. = Федотова В.Н. Некоторые тенденции болгарской музыки в контексте национального искусства в первой половине ХХ столетия. // Болгарское искусство и литература. История и современность. Москва, ГИИ, 2003.
* Fedotova Valery, The forms of Bulgarian symbolism and Bulgarian music. // Modern and integration processes in the European culture. M., SIAS, 2004. = Федотова В.Н. Формы болгарского символизма и болгарская музыка. // Модерн и интеграционные процессы в европейской культуре. Москва,ГИИ, 2004.
* Fedotova Valery, Opera of P. Vladigerov and L. Pipkov in the context of Bulgarian art of 1920-30-es. // Musical theatre of the twentieth century: Events, Problems, Results, Perspectives. M., SIAS, 2004. = Федотова В.Н. Оперы П.Владигерова и Л.Пипкова в контексте болгарского искусства 1920-30-х гг. // Музыкальный театр ХХ века: События, проблемы, итоги, перспективы. Москва, ГИИ, 2004.
* Fedotova Valery, The Bulgarian music of the twentieth century in the context of the national culture. Moscow, SIAS, 2012.  = Федотова В.Н. Болгарская музыка ХХ века в контексте национальной художественной культуры. Москва, ГИИ, 2012. 

## Other websites 
* The Intellectual Legacy of Pancho Vladigerov Foundation
* A biography of Pancho Vladigerov (including work list and selected bibliography) at the Union of Bulgarian Composers website
* Pantcho, Pantscho or Pancho&nbsp;– spelling suggestions invoked out of his archives 
* Concert Pianist Valentina Seferinova
* Concerto N°4 Op.40 with Ivan Drenikov
Randall Terry 2024 presidential campaign

On March 29, 2024, Randall Terry announced his candidacy in the 2024 United States presidential election. He was nominated by the Constitution Party for president on April 27, 2024. He said he would not accept the nomination if Stephen Broden was not nominated for vice president. He was also nominated by the Constitution Party of Oregon on May 28, 2024. 

Some state parties such as Nevada and Utah rejected Terry's nomination.

In August 2024, *The New York Times* found that some Democratic Party donors were helping Terry's ballot access efforts in order to help Democratic nominee Kamala Harris by taking votes from Donald Trump.

## References
Play (concert residency)

**Play** was the first concert residency by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry. It was performed at the Resort World Los Vegas in Las Vegas, Navada. The residency started on December 29, 2021 and ended on November 4, 2023.

## Background 
The show takes inspiration from *Honey, I Shrunk the Kids*, *Pee-wee’s Playhouse*, and *Pee-wee’s Big Adventure*. Perry described it as “a feast for both the ears and the eyes,” adding that rehearsals were the most fun she had ever experienced, with her team calling the concept “the kookiest idea.”

## Production 
Several parts of the show have been described by media outlets such as *Vogue* as "camp", such as Perry descending from the ceiling and being placed on a gigantic bed, interacting with a giant toilet and a giant face mask while performing, and a huge red rocking horse. Christian Allaire of *Vogue* called her the "Queen of Camp" for her approach to the show, saying: "Perry's playful, tongue-in-cheek approach to dressing really makes the show for us. More than a decade into her impressive career, she's clearly still a reigning queen of camp."

## Set list 
Perry revealed the set list on December 28, 2021, a day before the first show was scheduled to start.

# "E.T."
# "Chained to the Rhythm"
# "Dark Horse"
# "Not the End of the World"
# "California Gurls"
# "Hot n Cold" / "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"
# "Waking Up in Vegas" (Jazz version)
# "Bon Appétit"
# "Daisies" (Oliver Heldens remix)
# "I Kissed a Girl"
# "Lost" / "Part of Me" / "Wide Awake" (Acoustic)
# "Never Really Over"
# "Swish Swish"
# "When I'm Gone" / "Walking on Air"
# "Teenage Dream"
# "Smile"
# "Roar"

**Encore**
#  "The Greatest Love of All"
# "Firework" 
## Shows 
## Reference
Billancourt

**Billancourt** may refer to:

* Billancourt, Somme, commune in the Somme department
* Boulogne-Billancourt, commune in the western suburbs of Paris
Etymology of Hyderabad

Regions.]]
, ANCIENT DRAVIDA**.]]
The name **Hyderabad** means **"Haydar's City"** or **"Lion City"''', from Haydar 'lion' and ābād 'city', after Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib, also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battle. The city was originally called **Baghnagar** *("City of Gardens")*, and later acquired the name Hyderabad. The previous name of this city was **Bagyanagaram**. This city is also called the '**City of Pearls**' because of the major dealing of pearls that is done from this part of the state. **Hyderabad** was founded in 1591 and planned as a grid with the Charminar at its centre. **Hyderguda** - named after Hyder Ali, a collector who acquired the property from **Waheedunnissa Begum**, sister of Sikandar Jah, the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad. **Khairtabad** - named after **Khairunnisa Begum**, daughter of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah; this is the area where she built a mosque. One popular theory suggests that the sultan had named the city **"Bhaganagar"** or **"Bhāgyanagar"** after *Bhāgmathi*, a local Nautch (Dancing) girl with whom he had fallen in love. She converted to Islam and adopted the title **Hyder Mahal**. The city was renamed **Hyderabad** in her honour. So When Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah decided to build a new city, he chose **Baghnagar** and renamed it **Hyderabad** (The City of Hyder). **Hyder** is one of the names of **Ali**, the first Imam of the Shias. This theory has many takers among historians and city planners. **Osman** is a beautiful boy's name of Turkish origin. Meaning "Wise" or "most powerful," it's no wonder this moniker was carried by so many monarchs of the past, like Osman I, II, and III of the Ottoman Empire, and Osman I of Fehendhoo, who reigned as Sultan of the Maldives in the late 14th century. The **Persian suffix** **-istan** to the name of the Deccan people, who lived here before the modern Hindutva conquests in the 20th century.

 during Ramzan month.]]

## References
Snyder's-Lance

'''Snyder's-Lance''' is the second largest salty snack maker in the United States. It was formed by the 2010 merger of Lance Inc. and Snyder's of Hanover. In 2017, the company was bought by Campbell Soup Company.
Unilateral secession

**Unilateral secession** is the alleged right for a part of the population to secede from the union, or separate and secede from the territory of a State, without prior consent of the previous Sovereign state to become independent, this creates strain for the relationship to the state.

## Examples
Examples of secession other than Rhodesia's UDI in 1965 include that of the United States in 1776, the Irish Declaration of Independence of 1916 by a revolutionary parliament, Katanga's declaration of independence by Moise Tshombe in July 1960, the attempted secession of Biafra from Nigeria in 1967, the Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence from Pakistan in 1970, the (internationally unrecognized) secession of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from Cyprus in 1983. During the Dissolution of the Soviet Union throughout 1991, many of its republics declared their independence unilaterally without agreement and were thus not recognised as legitimate by the Soviet Central Government.

During the breakup of Yugoslavia, the government of the United States asked the governments of Croatia and Slovenia to drop their UDI plans because of the threat of major war erupting in the Balkans because of it, and threatened that it would oppose both countries' UDIs on the basis of the Helsinki Final Act if they did so. However, four days later both Slovenia and Croatia announced their UDIs from Yugoslavia.

## Legal aspects
The International Court of Justice, in a 2010 advisory opinion, declared that unilateral declarations of independence were not illegal under international law.

## See also
* Declaration of Independence
* Decolonization
* Helsinki Accords (also known as the Helsinki Final Act)
* International law
* International relations
* List of sovereign states by date of formation
* Secession
* United Nations

## References
Leave the gate as you found it

**Leave the gate as you found it** is an important rule of civilty in non-urban areas worldwide. If a gate is open, it should be left open, and if it is closed, it should be left closed.

In place where there is little rainfall, closing gates can stop livestock from getting to water. For example, most of the land used for grazing in Australia has no water sources. Because of that, drinking water for the stock must be given by the farmer.

The original versions of the United Kingdom's Country Code advised visitors to always close gates. The Countryside Code suggests that gates should be left as found.

## References
## Other websites
* Rules of the Trail Advice from the International Mountain Bicycling Association
* Camping on BLM Land A regional office of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management asks visitors to "Tread Lightly"
Follow Kar Lo Yaar

***Follow Kar Lo Yaar*** is an Indian reality drama television series. Made by Fazilla Allana and Kamna Menezes under SOL Productions, starring Javed Khan. It premiered on Amazon Prime Video on 23 August 2024.
 
## Cast 
The series stars

* Urfi Javed
* Javed Khan
* Asfi Javed
* Dolly Javed
* Sameer Aslam
* Zakiya Sultana
* Sahel Habib Khan The trailer of the series was released on 16 August 2024. The premiere event was held on 22 August 2024.

## Reception 
Mayur Sanap of *Rediff.com* gave the series 2 stars out of 5. Sana Farzeen for *India Today* rated the series 3/5 stars. Writing for *Hindustan Times*, Santanu Das reviewed the series.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* *Follow Kar Lo Yaar* on Prime Video
Hyloxalus edwardsi

'''Edwards' rocket frog'* (*Hyloxalus edwardsi'') is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Body
The adult female frog is about 30.8 to 37.3 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult male frog is 27.5 to 27.6 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is brown in color with darker brown spots. Sometimes the middles of the spots have lighter colored warts. The mouth can have white or yellow spots. The sides of the body are dark brown with lighter brown spots. The insides of the legs are dark olive color to light brown color with more brown spots. There are stripes going sideways on the legs. The legs also have spots. The skin of the frog's belly is olive colored or brown with yellow spots.  Larger frogs have bellies that are almost white in color with brown marks. There is a little orange color on the throat and bottoms of the legs. Larger adult frogs have a yellow stripe from the eye to the front leg, but scientists are not sure whether this is because they are large or because they are female.  The iris of the eye is copper in color with black lines in it. This frog does not have a vocal sac, so scientists think it does not have a voice or call.

## Name
Scientist John D. Lynch named this frog *edwardsi* for Stephen R. Edwards, an amphibian scientist who studied frogs in the same family as *Hyloxalus* frogs.

## Home
This frog lives in forests and caves and in cracked places in the rocks. It lives near streams in those places. People have seen it on both sides of the Cordillera Oriental (Eastern Mountains) for example in La Cueva de las Moyas the Páramo de Cruz Verde. Scientists saw these frogs between 3030 and 3300 meters above sea level.

## Young
From the top, this frog's tadpole looks like a long oval. It has a round nose. The top fin and back fin are the same size. The tadpoles are brown on the top and clear in the belly and throat. The muscles in the tail are white or olive in color with brown spots. They swim in streams that are .3 to .5 m deep.

## Danger
Scientists last saw this frog in 1996. They did not see it again after that, even though they went to its home to look for it. Scientists say this frog is in very big danger of dying out because it lives in such a small place (8 km2), because not all the frogs can get to each other, and because its home keeps changing: people cut down trees to make farms and towns and get wood to build with. Bad chemicals from towns and climate change can also hurt this frog.

## First paper
*

## References
Brian D. McFeeters

in 2021]]
**Brian David McFeeters** is an American diplomat who was the U.S. Ambassador to Malaysia from February 26, 2021, to August 24, 2023.
National Blood Centre (Malaysia)

The **National Blood Centre of Malaysia** is Malaysia's main center for blood transfusion and transplant services. In 2002, the National Blood Centre was built on Jalan Tun Razak and was opened by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's wife, Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali.

## References
Zung

**Heng Mok Zung** (王睦錝; born 1978), commonly known as **Zung**, is a photographer from Malaysia.

He has taken photos of Prime Minister of Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad and was the photographer at the wedding of Zara Salim Davidson and Raja Nazrin Shah, the Sultan of Perak. He is also the personal photographer for Tony Robbins.

## References