open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Soft rock

**Soft rock** is a subgenre of rock music. Some may find it lighter and more relaxing than genres like rock and roll. 

## Examples
Musical ensembles involved in soft rock include Steely Dan, Michael McDonald, Bread, Earth, Wind & Fire,  The Carpenters, Air Supply and Chicago.

## Related pages
* Pop rock
* Indie rock
* Alternative rock
* Experimental rock
Chinese dragon

A **Chinese dragon** was the symbol of the Emperor of China. The dragon in the Qing Dynasty came out on national flags.

Dragons are often found in Chinese art and stories. Since people discovered dragons in Chinese art and stories, dragons are sometimes thought of as a symbol for China.

There are people inside Chinese dragons. Dragons are very popular in China.  The phoenix is a dragon that has five claws and was a powerful symbol for the emperors in China.

## References
Angela Merkel

**Angela Dorothea Merkel** (born *Angela Dorothea Kasner* on 17 July 1954 in Hamburg) is a German politician, and was Chancellor of Germany from 22 November 2005 to 8 December 2021.

She was born in Hamburg, at the time part of West Germany, and grew up in the former German Democratic Republic, where she lived until the reuniting of Germany in 1990. Merkel is now married to Joachim Sauer, a professor of chemistry. From 2000 to 2018, she was the chairperson (was in charge of) the German conservative party, the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU).

Merkel became Germany's first female chancellor on 22 November 2005 in a coalition of the two biggest German political parties, the CDU/CSU and SPD. After the next election in 2009, she formed a coalition with the German liberal party FDP. After the 2013 and 2017 Federal Elections, she again emerged as chancellor of a coalition government.

Her father was a Lutheran pastor and her mother was a school teacher. Before becoming a politician, she worked as a researcher in Physical Chemistry. In December 2015, she was named as *Time* magazine's Person of the Year. 

In October 2018, Merkel announced her permanent retirement from politics, as she said she would not seek reelection as leader of the CDU at the party convention in December 2018 and as Chancellor in 2021. After this, another female politician, Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, replaced her as CDU leader.

## References
Robert Duvall

**Robert Selden Duvall** (January 5, 1931 &ndash; February 15, 2026) was an American actor and director.  Duvall won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in *Tender Mercies* (1983). He has also won the Screen Actors Guild Award, several Golden Globe Awards, and a BAFTA Award.

## Early life 
Duvall was born in San Diego, California. His parents were Mildred Virginia Hart and William Howard Duvall. He studied at Severn School in Severna Park, Maryland and The Principia in St. Louis, Missouri. He graduated, in 1953, from Principia College in Elsah, Illinois.

## Career 
Duvall's career began in 1952. His first role was as Arthur "Boo" Radley in the 1962 movie *To Kill A Mockingbird*. He then appeared on *Captain Newman, M.D.* (1963).

He landed many of his most famous roles during the early 1970s, such as Major Frank Burns in the blockbuster comedy *MASH* (1970) and the lead role in *THX 1138* (1971), as well as Horton Foote's adaptation of William Faulkner's *Tomorrow* (1972). This was followed by a series of critically lauded performances in commercially successful films.

## Personal life 
Duvall's political views are variously described as libertarian or conservative.

Duvall was married to Barbara Benjamin from 1964 until they divorced in 1975. Then, he was married to Gail Youngs from 1982 through 1985. Then he was married to Sharon Brophy from 1991 through 1996. He was married to Argentine actress Luciana Pedraza from 2005 until 2025. Duvall had no children.

Duvall died on February 15, 2026 at his ranch in Middleburg, Virginia at the age of 95.

## Movies 
He has appeared in many other films including:

* *To Kill A Mockingbird* (1962)
* *M*A*S*H* (1970)
* *The Godfather* (1972)
* *Tomorrow* (1972)
* *Network* (1976)
* *Apocalypse Now* (1979)
* *True Confessions* (1981)
* *Colors* (1988)
* Slingblade (1996)
* *The Apostle* (1997)
* *Deep Impact* (1998)
* *The Judge* (2014)
* *Widows* (2018)
* Days of thunder (1990)

## Legacy 
In 2015, at age 84, Duvall became the oldest person ever nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the Academy Awards, with a nomination for the movie *The Judge.*

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Motown

**Motown** is a famous record label founded in Detroit, Michigan in the late 1950s by Berry Gordy. It is known for signing many well-known rhythm and blues singers and groups. Some of the artists who sang on the label include:
* Smokey Robinson and the Miracles
* The Temptations
* The Supremes
* The Jackson 5
* Four Tops
* Gladys Knight and the Pips
* Marvin Gaye
* Stevie Wonder
* The Isley Brothers
* Rick James
* The Dazz Band
* DeBarge
* Sean Combs

"Motown" can also refer to the city of Detroit itself, or to the genre of music made by artists like those listed above.

## Other websites
*
Mustelid

]]

**Mustelids** are a family of carnivorous mammals. They are the family **Mustelidae**, in the order Carnivora.

They are the largest family of mammals. They are diverse, from weasels who eat mice to wolverines that can kill prey much larger than themselves. Mustelids live in many habitats: otters for example, live mostly in the water, while one species of weasel lives in the Arctic.

One kind of mustelid, the ferret, has been tamed and used for hunting for a long time. These days it is mostly kept as a pet. Because the ferret looks a bit like a rat that has been stretched out in the middle, it is sometimes called a tube rat.

These are other well-known animals from the mustelid family.

* Ferrets
* Badgers
* Ratels (or Honey badgers)
* Martens
* Minks
* Polecats
* Sables
* Stoats
* Otters

They can be thought of as two subfamilies, the Lutrinae (the otters), and the Mustelinae (the rest)
1893

**1893** (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday in the Julian calendar.

## Events 
* January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers.
* February 1 &#x2013; Thomas Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio in West Orange, New Jersey.
* February 24 &#x2013; The American University is established in Washington, D.C.
* March 10 &#x2013; Ivory Coast becomes a French colony.
* May 5 &ndash; There is a crash on the New York Stock Exchange that starts the Panic of 1893 (an economic depression).
* September 11 – Swami Vivekananda began his first conference in Parliament of World's Religions.

## Births 
* January 1 – Minoru Sasaki, Japanese general
* January 5 – Paramahansa Yogananda, Indian guru
* January 10 – Vicente Huidobro, Chilean poet
* March 11 – Wanda Gág, American children's author and artist
* March 18 – Wilfred Owen, English poet, soldier
* March 19 – José María Velasco Ibarra, 24th President of Ecuador
* June 29 – Aarre Merikanto, Finnish composer
* July 31 – Fatima Jinnah, founder of Pakistan
* August 17 – Mae West, American actress
Vanilla Ninja

**Vanilla Ninja** is a music group made up of three women named **Lenna Kuurmaa**, **Piret Järvis** and **Kerli Kivilaan**. Previous members are **Katrin Siska**, **Triinu Kivilaan** & **Maarja Kivi**. They  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song "Cool Vibes", they finished 8th in the Final. They will  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026 with the song "", they will perform in the first semi-final which will take place on 12 May 2026.

## Band members
### Current
* Lenna Kuurmaa – vocals, guitar (2002–2009; 2019–present)
* Piret Järvis – guitar, vocals (2002–2009; 2019–present)
*  (2022-present)

### Former
* Maarja Kivi – vocals, bass (2002–2004)
* Katrin Siska – keyboards, synthesizers (2002–2009; 2019–2022)
*  – bass, vocals (2004–2005, 2020–2022)

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Compilation albums
### Extended plays
### Singles
### Music videos
### DVDs
## Notes
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* [Https://vanillaninja.ee Vanilla Ninja fan page]
1835

## Events 
* January 1 – Ole Pedersen Hoiland breaks into the Bank of Norway and steals 64.000 dalers (Swedish dollars)
* January 30 – Unsuccessful assassination attempt against President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol – first assassination attempt against a President of the United States.
* February 20 – Concepción, Chile is destroyed by an earthquake
* March 2 – Ferdinand becomes Emperor of Austria.
* April 18 – Lord Melbourne becomes the new British Prime Minister.
* May 5 – In Belgium a railroad opens from Brussels to Mechelen. It is the first railway in continental Europe.
* May 6 – James Gordon Bennett, Sr. makes the first issue of the *New York Herald*.
* July 4 – The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad finishes the Thomas Viaduct, at the time the longest bridge in the United States, and the second longest in the world. (London Bridge was the longest in the world at the time)
* September 7 – Charles Darwin gets to the Galapagos Islands aboard HMS *Beagle*.
* October 2 – Texas Revolution begins: Battle of Gonzales – Mexican soldiers try to get the people of Gonzales, Texas to give up their weapons, but the Texans fight back
* December 9 – The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio.
* December 16 – Fire in New York City destroys 530 buildings
* December 19 – Toledo Blade newspaper begins publishing.
* December 28 – Seminole fighter Osceola and his warriors attack U.S. government agent Thompson outside Fort King in Central Florida, starting the Second Seminole War.
* The State of Ohio and the Michigan Territory fight the Toledo War over the city of Toledo and the Toledo Strip.
* *De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestum*, Copernicus' book on the motion of the Earth, is removed from the Index of Prohibited Books.
* Samuel Colt patents the first revolver
* Civil war erupts in Uruguay between supporters of Blanco and Colorado parties
* The first Bulgarian-language school opens in the Ottoman Empire.
* The French word for their language changes to français, from françois
* The Australian city of Melbourne is founded by John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner.

## Art, music, theatre, and literature 
* May 8 – Hans Christian Andersen publishes his first four fairy tales
* June 2 – P.T. Barnum and his circus begin their first tour of the United States
* September 26 – Donizetti's opera *Lucia di Lammermoor* is performed for the first time

## Births 
* March 15 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer (d. 1916)
* April 9 – King Léopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)
* June 2 – Pope Pius X (d. 1914)
* October 23 – Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)
* November 25 – Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1919)
* November 30 – Mark Twain, American writer and humorist (d. 1910)

## Deaths 
* March 2 – Emperor Francis I of Austria (b. 1768)
* April 21 – Samuel Slater, American industrialist (b. 1768)
* May 13 – John Nash, English architect (b. 1752)
* June 18 – William Cobbett, English journalist and writer (b. 1763)
* July 28 – Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French marshal (b. 1768)
* September 23 – Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801)
Vanuatu

**Vanuatu** is a country in the Pacific Ocean. The official languages of Vanuatu are Bislama, English and French. In 2020, 300,019 people lived in Vanuatu. During the colonial time, it was named the "New Hebrides" or "Nouvelles Hebrides".

## History 
Evidence shows, that people lived in Vanuatu by 1300 BC. Portuguese explorer Pedro Fernández de Quirós first discovered the islands in 1606. British explorer, navigator James Cook discovered the islands in 1774. Cook mapped the islands and named them *New Hebrides*.  It is said the crocodiles reach the northern part of the islands after cyclones.   This is because of the island chain's closeness to the Solomon Islands and New Guinea, where crocodiles are very common.

### Cuisine
The national dish of Vanuatu is the lap lap.

### Economics
Most people in Vanuatu work in farming, growing things like coconuts and kava. Tourism is also important, as visitors come to enjoy the islands' natural beauty. Another way Vanuatu earns money is by offering citizenship to foreigners who invest in the country.
People can get a Vanuatu passport by making a financial contribution, which helps support the country's economy. This program has become a significant source of income for Vanuatu.

## Locations
There are six provinces in Vanuatu. They are Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea and Torba.

Some of the cities are:
*Bunlap
*Forari
*Ipikil
*Ipota
*Isangel
*Lakatoro
*Lamap
*Loltong
*Longana
*Lorevilko
*Luganville
*Lénakel
*Port Olry
*Port Vila - Capital
*Rovo Bay
*Sola
*Sulphur Bay
*Whitesands

## Famous People From Vanuatu 
Adele Willie is a sports commentator.

## Gallery 

Image:Vanuatu Tanna Yasur.JPG|Cinder plain of Yasur volcano on Tanna island.
Image:National Cultural Centre, Vanuatu.jpg|National Cultural Centre, Port Vila.
Image:National Council of Chiefs, Vanuatu.jpg|National Council of Chiefs, Port Vila.
Image:A stream on Efate, Vanuatu.jpg|Stream on Efate island.
Image:Street_band,_Port_Vila,_Vanuatu_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg|Port Vila street band.
Image:Port Vila aerial.jpg|Aerial view of Port Vila.
Image:Feuerreiben.gif|Early fire-making technique in Vanuatu.
Image:Commercial agriculture, North Efate.jpg|North Efate.

## References
Stuff

**Stuff** is a mass of many things listed below, matter, or events.

* Stuff (cloth), a type of woollen or worsted cloth or fabric.
* Stuffing, something that is used to fill the inside of foods
* Stuffed animal, a soft children's toy
* Stuffed or preserved animals, created through the art of taxidermy

In **computing**:
* Bit stuffing, a technique using in communication protocols
* HowStuffWorks, a website explaining how various things work

In **sports**:
* Stuff, a slang term for a pitcher's ability to make a pitch move dramatically in baseball
Jack

**Jack** is a male given name. It might also mean:

**Jack* (1996 movie), a 1996 movie directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Robin Williams
*Jack (*Tekken*), a character in the *Tekken* series of video games
*Jack (tool), a tool used for lifting
*A playing card that has a *J* on it
*A Phone connector
*The family Carangidae including the Pilot fish
Oslo

**Oslo** is the capital city of Norway. It is Norway's largest city, with a population of  people in 2023. and the fortress was rebuilt closer to Akershus Fortress by the order of King Christian IV of Norway. The king gave the new city the name Christiania, which later also written as Kristiania. In 1925, the name of the city was changed back to Oslo.

## Related pages
*List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027
*Klemetsrud (former village)

## References 
## Other websites 
*Oslo Kommune official website
Lincoln Thompson

**Lincoln Thompson** (10 July 1949 - 14 January 1999) was a Jamaican reggae musician, songwriter and Rastafarian. He spent 2 years in the Tartans as a teenager before working under Coxsone Dodd in the early 1970s. In 1974, he released his first record, *Humanity*. The album had popular singles but it did not sell many copies until Thompson made a deal with Ballistics Records, a part of the record label United Artists, in 1979. This album was released commercially and there were 2 other albums recorded with Ballistics. These albums were recorded in 1979 and 1980. *Experience* was recorded in Jamaica. The next album, *Natural Wild*, was recorded in England with Joe Jackson. Ballistics went bankrupt, and Thompson returned to Jamaica. There, he recorded the album, *Ride with the Rasses* in 1982. The next year, he took his family to live in London where he recorded a 5th album, *Rootsman Blues*. He then set up an Ital grocery shop named *The Rasses Fish and Grocery Store* in London. Thanks to an American sponsor, a 6th album came out in 1996, called *21st century*. He died in 1999 of cancer.

## Other websites 
* Album lyrics
Hook

**Hook** can mean:

**Hook* (movie), a movie based on the story of Peter Pan, starring Robin Williams and Dustin Hoffman
*Fishing hook, something used to catch fish
*A hook is something that writers put at the end of a chapter or at the beginning in a book or paper used to encourage the reader to keep reading
Crayola

**Crayola** is an American brand of crayons and other writing and drawing utensils, such as markers, chalk and colored pencils. The company used to be called "Binney & Smith Company". It is based in Northampton, Massachusetts. Since 1984, it has been owned by the company Hallmark Cards.
## Colors
**Crayola** is brand of crayons and other writing and drawing utensils, such as markers, chalk and colored pencils made by the Binney & Smith Inc. company, which is part of the card company Hallmark.

## History
Binney and Smith made  products before 1900, but in 1903 started to make Crayola crayons. The name came from a word used by the wife of Mr. Binney. The first box had eight colors: blue, green, red, yellow, black, brown, orange and violet. They became well known because they were the best crayons at that time. Later, the company made more products, including boxes of 48, 64, 96, 120 and 200 Crayons, colored pencils and markers.

## Colors
### Colored pencils
The following is a list of colors included in the 12, 24, 36, 50 and 64 packs of Crayola's standard colored pencils. Color values are approximate. Colored Pencils from "Guppie Green" to "UFO Green" are 14 of the ultra-cool and super-hot colored pencils that were issued in July 2010.

The following is a complete list of colors included in the 12, 24, 36, 50, 60, and 100 packs of Crayola's standard colored pencils. Color values are approximate.

The year of the introduction of the 12, 24, 36, 50, 60, and 100 packs of colored pencils is unknown.

The current 100 pack has the 60 pack colors with 40 colors doubled, but 100 packs produced in 2014 or earlier include the 45 additional colors, but 5 colors are removed: Gold, Silver, Metallic Blue, Metallic Bronze, and Metallic Copper.

### Markers
98 colors are on this list, there may be a few missing, but the list is mostly complete. Just like with the crayons, some colors have since been retired.

### Art Markers
Art markers come in 40 colors. This is all 40 colors.

### Doodling Markers
### Paints
## References
Dick York

**Dick York** (September 4, 1928 – February 20, 1992) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as Darrin Stephens on the television series *Bewitched*. York left the series in 1969 and was replaced by Dick Sargent.
Sir Mix-A-Lot

**Sir Mix-a-Lot** (born **Anthony Ray** on August 12, 1963) is an American rapper and producer.

His style of music is called "hip-hop." He was born in Seattle, Washington. He is best known for his hit song "Baby Got Back". That song has catchy phrases and cheap humor, and it talks about liking women with big buttocks. This made it popular in the United States during the 1990s.

Sir Mix-a-Lot is not actually a knight but has assumed the title 'Sir' for humorous or ironic effect.

## Other websites 
* Official website 
*
Tony Randall

**Anthony Leonard Randall** (born **Aryeh Leonard Rosenberg**; February 26, 1920 – May 17, 2004) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Felix Unger on the television series *The Odd Couple*. He was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1975, he won a Primetime Emmy Award. He was nominated for six Golden Globe Awards.

Randall died at a hospital in New York City from pneumonia caused by heart surgery on May 17, 2004 at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Lesbian

A **lesbian** is a homosexual woman. This means a woman who is sexually attracted to other women, and not to men. A woman who is sexually attracted to both women and men is bisexual or pansexual.

The word lesbian comes from Lesbos (), an island in Greece.

## Lesbians and feminism
Lesbians were involved in the early feminist (a movement of women who want to be treated equally to men) movement. Feminism is the political and social movements that promote women's equality and rights. However, there was conflict between lesbians and straight (heterosexual) women in the feminist movement. In the 1960s and 1970s some straight (women who like men) feminists wanted the lesbians out of the women's rights movement. They wanted feminism to be accepted by society. They believed lesbians were less accepted by society and might hurt the feminist movement.

Eventually, the women's rights movement accepted its lesbian members. Now many important feminist leaders are out (out means that they make it known that they are lesbians) lesbians.

## Lesbians as parents
Many lesbian couples want to have children of their own. In order to raise children, they sometimes adopt. However some places do not allow homosexual couples to adopt children, so many of them want to be able to adopt children.

Some lesbian couples also have their own biological children. To do this they may have artificial insemination. This is when sperm from a donor male is placed in a woman to make a pregnancy. Some lesbian women do this at home with a friend they choose to be the donor. However many may use *sperm banks*. These are medical businesses that match couples who need donor sperm with men who will donate. Sometimes this is done *anonymously* which means the couple does not know the donor. Sometimes this is done with the donor known and even chosen by the couple.

## Law and religion
Unlike gay sex between males, lesbian sex is not against the law in as many places. Although, Abrahamic religions usually see gay as well as lesbian relations as immoral. Saint Paul in Epistle to the Romans 1:26 describes lesbianism as 'unnatural' and 'shameful'. There are some religions, however, mostly new religious movements that accept lesbian relations.

In most parts of the world lesbian couples cannot marry. This means they do not have the legal benefits and protection of marriage.

## Related pages
* Homosexuality

## References
1884

## Events 
* December 10 – Mark Twain's *Adventures of Huckleberry Finn* is first published, in London.

## Births 
* May 8 – Harry S. Truman, thirty-third President of the United States (d. 1972)
* October 11 – Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States, wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt (d. 1962)
* December 30 – Hideki Tōjō, 40th Prime Minister of Japan, Led the Attack on Pearl Harbour (d. 1948)

## Deaths 
* January 25 – Johann Gottfried Piefke, German conductor and composer (b. 1815)
* March 21 – Ezra Abbot, American Bible scholar (b. 1819)
* April 4 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist (b. 1858)
* May 12 – Bedrich Smetana, Czech composer (b. 1824)
* May 13 –  Cyrus McCormick, American inventor (b. 1809)
* June 25 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer (b. 1858)
* July 1 – Allan Pinkerton, American detective (b. 1819)
* July 10 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837)
* November 25 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818)
James Earl Jones

**James Earl Jones** (January 17, 1931 &ndash; September 9, 2024) was an American actor. He was famous for doing the voice of Darth Vader in the *Star Wars* movies, for doing the voice of Mufasa in *The Lion King* and in the 2019 remake,

He was a son of actor Robert Earl Jones. He had diabetes at the time of his death.

## Film
* in January 2013]]

## Television
## Television film
## Narrator
## Theatre
## Video game
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* James Earl Jones  at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
* 
* James Earl Jones at Emmys.com
* TonyAwards.com Interview with James Earl Jones 
* *Cat on a Hot Tin Roof'' All African-American Production Website
Davy Jones (musician)

**David Thomas "Davy" Jones** (December 30, 1945 – February 29, 2012) was an English singer and actor. He was born in Manchester, England. 

His father wanted him to be a jockey, but he wanted to be a performer. He appeared in the television programme, *Coronation Street* and in the London and Broadway versions of *Oliver!*. In 1966, he joined The Monkees, a musical group created for a television series of the same name. The series was cancelled in 1968 and the group disbanded in 1970. 

Jones continued to perform until his death from a heart attack caused by atherosclerosis in 2012 in Stuart, Florida.

## References
## Other websites
*
Michael Nesmith

**Robert Michael Nesmith** (December 30, 1942 &ndash; December 10, 2021) was an American musician, songwriter, actor, producer, novelist, businessman and philanthropist.

Nesmith was born in Dallas, Texas on December 30, 1942. His mother, Bette Nesmith Graham invented Liquid Paper in 1951 and made the family very rich.

In the 1960s, Nesmith moved to Los Angeles to start a recording career. He wrote the song "Different Drum" which was a hit for Linda Ronstadt and the Stone Poneys. In 1966, he became a member of the Monkees, a made-for-TV rock band. He left the group in 1969 and started a solo career.

Nesmith is considered one of the forefathers of the country-rock movement of the 1970s with his song *Joanne*.He produced albums such as loose salute and magnetic south with the first national band. Nesmith was known for his diamond suit, hat and cowboy boots that are currently on display at the country hall of fame. He also worked as a producer and is considered one of the pioneers of the music video industry. Nesmith's 1981 video-movie *Elephant Parts* won the first Grammy Award for a music video

Nesmith died from heart failure at his home in Carmel Valley, California on December 10, 2021, at the age of 78.

## References
Peter Tork

**Peter Halsten Thorkelson** (February 13, 1942 &ndash; February 21, 2019), better known as **Peter Tork**, was an American actor and musician. He was born in Washington, D.C. He started as a folk musician in Greenwich Village. In 1966, he became famous as a member of The Monkees. He was recommended for the group by his friend Stephen Stills. Shortly after The Monkees television series ended 1968, he left the band. He played with the other members of the group at times, but often played with his own bands and tours.

Tork died on February 21, 2019 in Mansfield, Connecticut, aged 77. He suffered from a rare form of throat cancer in the years before his death.

## References
Micky Dolenz

**George Michael Dolenz, Jr.** (born March 8, 1945),  better known as **Micky Dolenz** is an American actor, singer, director, and voice artist. He is most famous as a member of The Monkees.
Ringo Starr

**Sir Richard Starkey** (or simply **Richard Starkey**) (born 7 July 1940), known as **Ringo Starr**, is an English musician and actor. He is known as a former member of the Beatles, where he mainly played drums.

## The Beatles 
He joined the group in 1962 as a replacement for their first drummer Pete Best. He quickly became well-liked and very popular. He sang lead on some of the band's songs including "Yellow Submarine", "Act Naturally", "Don't Pass Me By", and "Octopus's Garden".

## Solo career 
After the group broke up in 1970 he became a solo artist; his songs included "It Don't Come Easy", "Photograph" (written with George Harrison), "You're Sixteen" (featuring Paul McCartney and Harry Nilsson), and "Only You (And You Alone)" (with John Lennon and again with Nilsson). Ringo sang "I Want To Be A Powerpuff Girl" for the children's television show "The Powerpuff Girls".

## Acting 
Starr acted in several movies aside from the ones he did with the Beatles, including *The Magic Christian* (1969), ''That'll Be The Day* (1973), *Caveman'' (1980), and the role of Mr. Conductor on the children's television series *Shining Time Station*, during its first season (1989), the comedian George Carlin later took over the role.

He also narrated the children's television series *Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends* for the first two seasons (1984―1986).

He also made a movie with the Beatles called ''A Hard Day's Night* in 1964.

## Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band 
Since the 1990s, Ringo has toured with "Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band". The band consists of Ringo and members that regularly change, usually, the members are either famous musicians, or musicians that have been associated with Ringo, The Beatles and/or the members of the band.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Sentimental Journey* (1970)
* *Beaucoups of Blues* (1970)
* *Ringo* (1973)
* *Goodnight Vienna* (1974)
* *Ringo's Rotogravure* (1976)
* *Ringo the 4th* (1977)
* *Bad Boy* (1978)
* *Stop the Smell the Roses* (1981)
* *Old Wave* (1983)
* *Time Takes Time* (1992)
* *Vertical Man* (1998)
* *Ringo Rama* (2003)
* *Choose Love* (2005)
* *Liverpool 8* (2008)
* *Y Not* (2010)
* *Ringo 2012* (2012)
* *Postcards from Paradise* (2015)
* *Give More Love* (2017)
* *What's My Name* (2019)
* *Look Up'' (2025)

## References
## Other websites
* Ringo Starr's official website
Dominique de Villepin

**Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin** (born November 14, 1953), simply known as **Dominique de Villepin**, was Premier (or Prime Minister) of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007. He was made Premier by Jacques Chirac after the French President removed Jean-Pierre Raffarin from the premiership. Raffarin failed to gain the support of the French people for the European Constitution.

Dominique de Villepin said that his government's most important task would be job creation. He knew that the French people were concerned about the condition of the French economy. This was one of the reasons they had voted against the European Constitution in the referendum on 29 May 2005.

On 15 May 2007, the last full day of President Jacques Chirac's term, Villepin gave his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President. He was replaced two days later by François Fillon.

## References
Francis Drake

, 1581]]
Vice Admiral **Sir Francis Drake** (1540&nbsp;– 27 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era. 

Drake became a powerful enemy to the Spanish Empire. He was the second sea captain ever to circumnavigate the world. Encyclopedia Britannica calls him "the most renowned [famous] seaman of the Elizabethan Age."

## Life 
Drake was born in Tavistock, England, and grew up in Kent.Drake and his second cousin, Richard Hawkins, led one of the first slavery trips to West Africa in 1567. It was illegal in English law to capture people and transport them, but in those days it was perceived as ok if they were already enslaved, non-Protestants or criminals! 

[Drake and Hawkins] were attacked by Spanish vessels and only two of the six British ships survived (those led by Drake and Hawkins themselves). This, as well as other factors, contributed to fueling the [hostility] between Spain and England, leading up to the war in 1585 and subsequent [[Spanish Armada|[Spanish] Armada]].By 1568, Drake commanded his own slave-trading ship, which he used to transport African slaves to the Spanish colonies in the Caribbean. after unsuccessfully attacking San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Drake's activities were legendary. He was a hero to the English but a pirate to the Spaniards. 

## References
House of Commons of the United Kingdom

The **House of Commons** is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is made up of Members of Parliament elected by the people. Sometimes it is called the 'lower house'. (The 'upper house' is called the House of Lords.) Other countries also have a bicameral parliament with a House of Commons working in the same way.

In the British parliament, there are 650 Members of Parliament or MPs. Each MP represents a constituency, which covers an area of the country. The people of each constituency vote at a general election or a by-election to choose one person to represent them in the House of Commons. Usually, the people choose someone who belongs to a political party. When all the parties get together, the party or coalition with the most members is the government and runs the country. The leader of that party is called the Prime Minister. 

The House of Commons hold their meetings in the Palace of Westminster.  Their chief officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by MPs. The current Speaker is Lindsay Hoyle, who was elected in 2019. The Clerk of the House of Commons is the Principal Adviser to the Speaker. The Serjeant-at-Arms is in charge of the security.

## Election results since 1945 
## Notes
## References
Wank

**Wank** is a mountain in the Bavarian Alps, by Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany, close to the Austrian border.
Wank is 1780m tall, and has a cable car, the *Wankbahn*, which takes people almost all the way to the top.  Near the peak, there is an inn called the *Wankhaus* which was built in 1911 that allows people to spend the night.
Hank Aaron

**Henry Louis Aaron** (February 5, 1934 – January 22, 2021) was a professional baseball player who played right field.  He played baseball professionally for 22 years and hit 755 home runs. Even though he has 755 home runs in his career, he never hit 50 or more in a season. He was selected for 25 All-Star games.  He was put into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982. 

Hank Aaron was born in Mobile, Alabama. He died on January 22, 2021, two weeks before his 87th birthday, in Atlanta.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*Hank Aaron at Baseball Aha
Zeus

**Zeusเกิดเป็นประดู่ คำหงษาเป็นเทพมีพลังสูงสุดมีมนต์ตราเพียงแค่คิดพูดมิสามารถแตะตัวหรือทำของใส่มนดำคุณใส่จะร้อนดังไฟนรกคิดไม่ดีกับประดู่หรือเทพเจ้าซูสจะวิบัตทันที่จริง** (Ancient Greek: Ζεύς, Modern Greek: Δίας), is the god of the sky, lightning, and the thunder in Ancient Greek religion and mythology, and ruler of all the gods on Mount Olympus. Zeus is the seventh child of Cronos and Rhea, king and queen of the Titans respectively. His father, Cronos, swallowed his children as soon as they were born for fear of a prophecy which foretold that one of them would overthrow him. When Zeus was born, Rhea hid him in a cave on Mount Ida in Crete, giving Cronos a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes to swallow instead. When Zeus was older he went to free his brothers and sisters; together with their allies, the Hekatonkheires and the Elder Cyclopes, Zeus and his siblings fought against the Titans in a ten-year war known as the Titanomachy. At the end of the war, Zeus took Kronos' scythe made of diamond and cut him into pieces, throwing his remains into Tartarus. He then became the king of gods. ประดู่ คำหงษา

The supreme deity of the Greek pantheon, Zeus was universally respected and revered throughout Ancient Greece; the ancient Olympic Games were held at the site of  Olympia every four years in honor of him. Highly temperamental, Zeus was armed with the mighty thunderbolt, said to be the most powerful weapon among the gods. Zeus was married to his sister, Hera, though he was infamous for his infidelity, taking on an almost innumerable amount of lovers and consorts, both mortal and divine including Karis and Hercules' mother. Zeus was known for throwing thunderbolts at people. ประดู่ คำหงษา

The god of honor and justice, Zeus was the one who both established and enforced law, and served as the standard for kings to follow, ensuring they did not abuse the power of their position. His symbols were the thunderbolt, a scepter, an oak tree, and the eagle and bull were his sacred animals. His Roman equivalent is Jupiter, but he also has equivalents from other traditions such as the Hindu storm god Indra and others. Zeus was the strongest Greek god, the ruler of all gods. He also had a lot of children that he was not supposed to have.
ประดู่ คำหงษา

## Related pages 
* Tinia - Etruscan mythology version of Zeus
* Jupiter - Roman mythology version of Zeus
*Indra - Hindu mythology version of Zeus
ประดู่ คำหงษา
## References
ประดู่ คำหงษา
1797

## Events 
*January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli (a peace treaty between the United States and Tripoli) is signed at Algiers.
*January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine Republic adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as official flag. It is the birthday of the flag of Italy.
*February 14 – The Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797), part of the Wars of the French Revolution.
*February 18 – Spanish Governor Chacon peacefully surrenders the colony of Trinidad and Tobago to a British naval force.
*February 22 – Attempted invasion of Britain at Fishguard in Wales by French forces
*February 26 – The Bank of England (national bank of Britain) issues the first one-pound note (discontinued March 11, 1988).
*March 4 – John Adams succeeds George Washington as the President of the United States of America.
* May 12 – First Coalition: Napoleon I of France conquers Venice, ending the 1100 years of independence of the city. Last doge of Venice, Ludovico Manin, steps down.
* July 24 – Horatio Nelson is wounded at Tenerife, causing a loss of one arm.
* September 7 – Treaty of Campo Formio ends the War of the First Coalition.
* October 21 – In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli.
* December 17 – Napoleon leads a successful French charge against Fort l'Aiguilette to secure Toulon for French
* Large-scale mutinies in Royal Navy
* Joseph Haydn composes the music to "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser," the tune of which also became the music to the German national anthem, "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit."

## Births 
* Date unknown – Mahmud Bayazidi, Kurdish polymath
* August 30 – Mary Shelley, British writer of *Frankenstein*

## Deaths 
* September 10 – Mary Wollstonecraft, female philosopher (b. 1759)
1488

## Births 
* January 6 &ndash; Helius Eobanus Hessus, German Latin poet (d. 1540)
* January 20
** John George, Marquess of Montferrat, Italian noble (d. 1533)
** Sebastian Münster, German scholar, cartographer, and cosmographer (d. 1552)
* March 19 &ndash; Johannes Magnus, last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden (d. 1544)
* April 16 &ndash; Jungjong of Joseon (d. 1544)
* April 21 &ndash; Ulrich von Hutten, German religious reformer (d. 1523)
* May 1 &ndash; Sidonie of Bavaria, eldest daughter of Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich (d. 1505)
* May 5 &ndash; Lê Uy Mục, Eighth king of the later Lê dynasty of Vietnam (d. 1509)
* May 7 &ndash; John III of the Palatinate, Administrator of the Bishopric of Regensburg (d. 1538)
* June &ndash; Heinrich Glarean, Swiss music theorist (d. 1563)
* June 29 &ndash; Pedro Pacheco de Villena, Catholic cardinal (d. 1560)
* July 15 &ndash; Juan Álvarez de Toledo, Catholic cardinal (d. 1557)
* October 17 &ndash; Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1510)
* December 1 &ndash; Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg, Countess of Wied, German noblewoman (d. 1559)
* December 15 &ndash; Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria (d. 1550)
* *date unknown*
** Rabbi Yosef Karo, Jewish scholar (d. 1575)
** Oswald Myconius, Swiss religious reformer (d. 1552)
** Jan Tarnowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1561)
** Thomas of Villanova, Spanish bishop (d. 1555)
** Gustav Trolle, Archbishop of Uppsala (d. 1533)
* *probable*
** Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1544)
** Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet, French soldier (d. 1525)
** Myles Coverdale, English Bible translator (d. 1568)
** Lütfi Pasha, Ottoman statesman (d. 1564)

## Deaths 
* April 14 &ndash; Girolamo Riario, Lord of Imola and Forli (b. 1443)
* June 11 &ndash; King James III of Scotland (b. c. 1451)
* July 18 &ndash; Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432)
* July 28 &ndash; Edward Woodville, Lord Scales (at the Battle of St. Aubin-du-Cormier)
* September 9 &ndash; Francis II, Duke of Brittany (fell from a horse) (b. 1433)
* September 13 &ndash; Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1434)
* October 10 &ndash; Andrea del Verrocchio, Italian sculptor (b. c. 1435)
* *date unknown*
** John II, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1426)
** Iizasa Ienao, Japanese swordsman (b. c. 1387)
1695

## Events
* February 6 &ndash; Mustafa II (1695–1703) succeeds Ahmed II as Ottoman Emperor.
* July 17 &ndash; The Bank of Scotland is founded.
* Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
* Gold is discovered in Brazil.

* April 17 – Juana de Asbaje
1767

## Events 
* July 2 – Pitcairn Islands discovered (found) by Captain Philip Cartaret in *HMS Swallow*

## Births 
* March 15 – Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United States (d. 1845)
* July 11 – John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States (d. 1848)
1848

## Events 
* February 24 &ndash; The February Revolution begins.

## Births 
* February 27 – Hubert Parry, English composer
* March 19 – James Otis, American children's writer
* June 7 – Paul Gauguin, French painter

## Deaths 
* February 23 – John Quincy Adams, 80, sixth President of the United States, stroke (b. 1767)

## New Books 
* *Vanity Fair* by William Makepeace Thackeray
1851

## Events 
* January 23 – The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in Oregon is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning.
* March 1 – Victor Hugo gives speech at the French national assembly and uses the phrase United States of Europe several times
* March 27 – First reported case of white men seeing Yosemite Valley.
* March 30 – A population census was taken of all people living in the United Kingdom.
* May 1 – The *Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations* in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London is opened by Queen Victoria. It runs until October 18.
* May 15 – Rama IV is crowed King of Thailand.
* July – The immortal game, a famous chess game, is played.
* July 1 – Colony of Victoria separates from New South Wales.
* July 29 – Annibale de Gasparis, in Naples, Italy discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
* August 22 – The yacht *America* wins the first America's Cup race (see Yachting).
* October 18 – The Great Exhibition in London is closed.
* November 13 – The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what will become Seattle, Washington.
* December 2 – Louis Napoleon, president of France, dissolves French National Assembly and declares a new constitution to extend his term. Later he declares himself as an emperor Napoleon III. End of the Second Republic.
* December 24 – The Library of Congress burns.
* December 29 – The first YMCA opens, in Boston, Massachusetts.

## Births 
* January 17 – A. B. Frost, American illustrator (d. 1928)
* January 19 – Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922)
* February 8 – Kate Chopin, American writer (d. 1904)
* March 27 – Vincent d'Indy, French composer and teacher (d. 1931)
* April 21 – Charles Barrois, French geologist (d. 1939)
* May 6 – Aristide Bruant, French cabaret singer and comedian (d. 1925)
* May 20 – Emil Berliner, telephone and recording pioneer (d. 1929)
* August 14 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
* October 2 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of allied forces in World War I (d. 1929)
* October 31 – Princess Louise of Sweden
* Robert Abbe, American surgeon (d. 1928)
* Ruperto Chapí, Spanish zarzuelist
* Tom Morris, Jr., Scottish golfer (d. 1875)

## Deaths 
* February 1 – Mary Shelley, British writer of *Frankenstein*
* August 28 – Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Australian explorer
* September 14 – James Fenimore Cooper

## Art, music, theatre, and literature 
* *The House of the Seven Gables* by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
* *Moby-Dick* by Herman Melville.
222 BC

## Events
### By place
#### Greece
* Cleomenes III is defeated and the Spartan army annihilated by the Achaean League and the Macedonians in the Battle of Sellasia.
* Ptolemy IV succeeds his father Ptolemy III as king of Egypt.

#### Rome
* Marcus Claudius Marcellus leads the Romans to victory in the Battle of Clastidium, conquering the area later known as Cisalpine Gaul.
*The Romans capture Milan.

#### Asia
* State of Qin conquers the state of Yan and defeats the last defensive forces of the state of Zhao in China .

## Deaths 
* Ptolemy III Euergeter I, king of Egypt
* Ctesibius, mathematician
Tom Hanks

**Tom Hanks** (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, and writer.

## Career
Many of Hanks' early movies were comedies. He was made famous by his roles in *Splash* and *Big*. He made his way into drama with *A League of Their Own* and *Philadelphia*. He combined the two genres with *Forrest Gump*. Hanks has starred in many more famous movies since, including *Apollo 13*, *Saving Private Ryan*, *Toy Story* (only his voice was used), *Cast Away*, *The Terminal*, *The Da Vinci Code*, *The Green Mile*, *Captain Phillips*, *Sully*, *Bridge of Spies* and *The Post*.

Hanks played Fred Rogers in Marielle Heller's biographical movie *A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood* (2019), a role which earned him a Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations.

In 2022, Hanks played Colonel Tom Parker in the Elvis Presley biopic *Elvis*. That same year, he also played Geppetto in the Disney live-action remake *Pinocchio*.

Hanks has won several awards for acting. He won both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in *Philadelphia*. He also won a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a People's Choice Award for Best Actor for his role in *Forrest Gump*.

In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor and, in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, as well as the French Legion of Honor.

## Personal life
For his role in *Saving Private Ryan*, Hanks was honored as an honorary member of the United States Army Rangers Hall of Fame.

In December 2019, he was naturalized as an honorary Greek citizen by the President of Greece.

On March 12, 2020, Hanks announced that he and his wife Rita had tested positive for COVID-19 while shooting *Elvis* in Australia.

Hanks is a typewriter and model train enthusiast. 

## Filmography
### Film
, 1989]]
'' (1994)]]

### Television
### Music video appearances
### Stage
## References
Lenny Kravitz

**Leonard Albert "Lenny" Kravitz** (born May 26, 1964) is an American rock singer, musician, songwriter and actor. Some of his biggest hit songs include "It Ain't Over Til It's Over", "Again", and "Fly Away". He sung on "(I Can't Make It) Another Day" Michael Jackson's 2010 album *Michael*. He also wrote and produced the song.

## Early life
He is of African-American, Afro-Bahamian and Ashkenazi Jewish (from Russia and Ukraine) descent. His mother, Roxie Roker (1929-1995), was an actress on *The Jeffersons* in the 1970s and His daughter Zoë Kravitz who is also an actress.

The family of his father Sy Kravitz has Ukrainian roots.

He started  his music career in the 1980's under the stage name "Romeo Blue". However, he did not hit mainstream success until the mid-1990's, with the release of his album  **“Circus"** in 1995.

## Albums
## Singles
*1989 - "Let Love Rule"
*1990 - "I Build This Garden for Us"
*1990 - "Be"
*1990 - "Mr. Cab Driver"
*1990 - "Does Anybody Out There Even Care"
*1991 - "Always on the Run" 
*1991 - "It Ain't Over 'Til It's Over"
*1991 - "Fields of Joy"
*1991 - "Stand by My Woman" 
*1991 - "What the Fuck Are We Saying?"
*1991 - "Stop Draggin' Around"
*1991 - "What Goes Around Comes Around"
*1993 - "Are You Gonna Go My Way"
*1993 - "Believe"
*1993 - "Heaven Help"
*1993 - "Spinning Around Over You"
*1993 - "Is There Any Love in Your Heart"
*1993 - "The Buddha of Suburbia"(with David Bowie)
*1994 - "Deuce"
*1995 - "Rock and Roll Is Dead"
*1995 - "Circus"
*1996 - "Can't Get You Off My Mind" 
*1996 - "The Resurrection"
*1998 - "I Belong to You"
*1998 - "If You Can't Say No"
*1998 - "Thinking of You"
*1998 - "Fly Away"
*1999 - "Black Velveteen"
*1999 - "American Woman"
*2000 - "Again"
*2001 - "Dig In"
*2002 - "Stillness of Heart"
*2002 - "Believe in Me"
*2002 - "If I Could Fall in Love"
*2002 - "Yesterday Is Gone (My Dear Kay)"
*2004 - "Show Me Your Soul"(with P. Diddy, Loon and Pharrell)
*2004 - "Where Are We Runnin'?"
*2004 - "California"
*2004 - "Storm"(with Jay-Z)
*2005 - "Calling All Angels"
*2005 - "Lady"
*2005 - "Breathe"
*2007 - "Bring It On"
*2007 - "I'll Be Waiting"
*2008 - "Love Love Love"
*2008 - "Dancin' Til Dawn"
*2011 - "Come On Get It"
*2011 - "Stand"
*2011 - "Rock Star City Life"
*2011 - "Black and White America"
*2011 - "Push"
*2012 - "Superlove"
*2014 - "The Chamber"
*2014 - "Sex"

## Related pages
*Ukrainian Americans
## References