November 16

## Events 
### Up to 1950 
* 1272 &ndash; Edward I of England becomes King while fighting in the Ninth Crusade.
* 1532 &ndash; Inca ruler Atahualpa is captured by Spanish Conquistadors.
* 1632 &ndash; Thirty Years' War: Swedish troops defeat an imperial army under Albrecht von Wallenstein, but lose their king, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
* 1776 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian units take Fort Washington from the patriots.
* 1776 &ndash; The United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize US independence.
* 1793 &ndash; Reign of Terror: 90 anti–republican Roman Catholic priests are executed by drowning in Nantes, France.
* 1797 &ndash; Frederick William III of Prussia becomes King.
* 1849 &ndash; A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti–government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his execution is canceled at the last minute.
* 1855 &ndash; David Livingstone becomes the first European to reach Victoria Falls.
* 1857 &ndash; 24 Victoria Crosses are given in one day, a record that still stands.
* 1863 &ndash; American Civil War: The Battle of Campbell's Station is fought near Knoxville, Tennessee.
* 1869 &ndash; The Suez Canal is opened to shipping.
* 1885 &ndash; Canadian rebel leader Louis Riel is executed for treason.
* 1896 &ndash; First transmission of electrical power between two cities was sent from Niagara Falls to industries in Buffalo, New York.
* 1904 &ndash; John Ambrose Fleming invents the vacuum tube.
* 1907 &ndash; Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory become Oklahoma and are admitted as the 46th U.S. state.
* 1907 &ndash; RMS *Mauretania* is launched by the Cunard Line. The ship sets sail on its first voyage from Liverpool to New York City.
* 1914 &ndash; The Federal Reserve System in the United States officially starts business.
* 1915 &ndash; The characterised Coca-Cola bottle is patented in the United States.
* 1920 &ndash; Australian airline Qantas is founded as the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited.
* 1933 &ndash; The United States and the Soviet Union establish formal diplomatic relations.
* 1933 &ndash; American Jimmie Angel re–discovers Angel Falls in Venezuela.
* 1940 &ndash; World War II: In response to Germany leveling Coventry two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: The German city of Düren is destroyed by Allied bombing.
* 1945 &ndash; UNESCO is founded.

### From 1951 
* 1957 &ndash; Serial killer Ed Gein murders his last victim, Bernice Worden.
* 1959 &ndash; The Sound of Music opens on Broadway, New York.
* 1965 &ndash; The Soviet Venera 3 probe is launched to the planet Venus.
* 1970 &ndash; Hafez al-Assad comes to power in Syria.
* 1973 &ndash; NASA launches Skylab 4 with three astronauts on board for an 84–day mission, from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
* 1973 &ndash; US President Richard Nixon signs the Trans–Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, allowing for building work to begin on the Trans–Alaska oil Pipeline.
* 1979 &ndash; The first line of the Bucharest Metro is opened.
* 1980 &ndash; An explosion at a military base in Bangkok, Thailand kills 38 people.
* 1988 &ndash; The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR declares that the Estonia was "sovereign" but stopped short of declaring independence.
* 1988 &ndash; In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan choose Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister.
* 1993 &ndash; Guyana joins the UN.
* 1994 &ndash; Emomalii Rahmon becomes President of Tajikistan.
* 1996 &ndash; Mother Teresa receives honorary US citizenship.
* 1997 &ndash; After 18 years of imprisonment, the People's Republic of China releases activist Wei Jingsheng for medical reasons.
* 2000 &ndash; Bill Clinton becomes the first current US President to visit Vietnam.
* 2006 &ndash; Rioting occurs in Nuku'alofa, Tonga.
* 2013 &ndash; Sachin Tendulkar, one of most famous cricketers in the world, retires from playing cricket after his last test match (India v. West Indies).
* 2017 &ndash; Cambodia's highest court declares the main opposition party illegal.
* 2018 &ndash; After several resignations in the British cabinet over Brexit, Stephen Barclay is appointed Brexit Secretary and former Home Secretary Amber Rudd becomes Work and Pensions Secretary.
* 2019 &ndash; Gotabaya Rajapaksa is elected President of Sri Lanka.
* 2022 &ndash; NASA launches Artemis 1.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 42 BC &ndash; Tiberius, Roman Emperor (d. 37)
* 1436 &ndash; Leonardo Loredan, Doge of Venice (d. 1521)
* 1569 &ndash; Paul Sartorius, German composer and organist (d. 1609)
* 1643 &ndash; Jean Chardin, French explorer (d. 1703)
* 1717 &ndash; Jean le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician (d. 1793)
* 1720 &ndash; Carlo Antonio Campioni, Italian composer (d. 1788)
* 1753 &ndash; James McHenry, American statesman (d. 1816)
* 1766 &ndash; Rodolphe Kreutzer, French violinist (d. 1831)
* 1807 &ndash; Jónas Hallgrímsson, Icelandic poet (d. 1845)
* 1823 &ndash; Henry G. Davis, United States Senator (d. 1916)
* 1827 &ndash; Charles Eliot Norton, American scholar (d. 1908)
* 1835 &ndash; Eugenio Beltrami, Italian mathematician (d. 1900)
* 1836 &ndash; David Kalakaua, King of Hawaii (d. 1891)
* 1839 &ndash; Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Canadian poet, author and politician (d. 1908)
* 1841 &ndash; Jules Violle, French physicist (d. 1923)
* 1847 &ndash; Edmund James Flynn, 10th Premier of Quebec (d. 1927)
* 1850 &ndash; Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President of Chile (d. 1901)
* 1851 &ndash; Minnie Hauk, American soprano (d. 1929)
* 1855 &ndash; Tommaso Tittoni, Italian Prime Minister (d. 1931)
* 1857 &ndash; Jón Sveinsson, Icelandic writer (d. 1944)
* 1873 &ndash; W. C. Handy, American blues musician (d. 1958)
* 1874 &ndash; Alexander Kolchak, Russian explorer and politician (d. 1920)
* 1880 &ndash; Alexander Blok, Russian poet (d. 1921)
* 1883 &ndash; Emil Breitkreutz, American runner (d. 1972)
* 1886 &ndash; Arthur B. Krock, American political journalist (d. 1974)
* 1889 &ndash; George Kaufman, American playwright (d. 1961)
* 1890 &ndash; Elpidio Quirino, President of the Philippines (d. 1956)
* 1891 &ndash; Julius Leber, German politician and Resistance activist (d. 1945)
* 1892 &ndash; Guo Moruo, Chinese poet, author and historian (d. 1978)
* 1895 &ndash; Paul Hindemith, German composer (d. 1963)
* 1896 &ndash; Pavel Alexandrov, Russian mathematician (d. 1982)
* 1896 &ndash; Joan Lindsay, Australian novelist, playwright, essayist and visual artist (d. 1984)
* 1896 &ndash; Oswald Mosley, British fascist politician (d. 1980)
* 1896 &ndash; Lawrence Tibbett, American baritone (d. 1960)
* 1897 &ndash; Choudhary Rahmat Ali, Pakistani student (d. 1951)
* 1898 &ndash; Warren McCulloch, American neuropsychologist (d. 1969)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1901 &ndash; Ernest Nagel, Czech philosopher (d. 1985)
* 1904 &ndash; Nnamdi Azikiwe, first President of Nigeria (d. 1996)
* 1905 &ndash; Eddie Condon, American jazz musician (d. 1973)
* 1907 &ndash; Burgess Meredith, American actor (d. 1997)
* 1908 &ndash; Soeur Emmanuelle, French–Belgian nun (d. 2008)
* 1909 &ndash; Maurizio Valenzi, Italian politician (d. 2009)
* 1913 &ndash; Ellen Albertini Dow, American actress (d. 2015)
* 1915 &ndash; Jean Fritz, American writer (d. 2017)
* 1916 &ndash; Daws Butler, American voice actor (d. 1988)
* 1916 &ndash; Al Lucas, Canadian jazz musician (d. 1983)
* 1921 &ndash; Edmondo Fabbri, Italian footballer (d. 1995)
* 1922 &ndash; José Saramago, Portuguese writer (d. 2010)
* 1922 &ndash; Gene Amdahl, American computer scientist, physicist and engineer (d. 2015)
* 1924 &ndash; Mel Patton, American athlete (d. 2014)
* 1925 &ndash; Gianfranco Dell'Innocenti, Italian footballer (d. 2012)
* 1930 &ndash; Chinua Achebe, Nigerian novelist, poet and academic (d. 2013)
* 1930 &ndash; Salvatore Riina, Italian mafia boss (d. 2017)
* 1931 &ndash; Hubert Sumlin, American blues musician (d. 2011)
* 1935 &ndash; Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah, Iraqi–Lebanese spiritual leader (d. 2010)
* 1935 &ndash; France-Albert René, former President of the Seychelles (d. 2019)
* 1935 &ndash; Elizabeth Drew, American journalist
* 1935 &ndash; Magdi Yacoub, Egyptian heart surgeon
* 1937 &ndash; Lothar Spaeth, German politician (d. 2016)
* 1938 &ndash; Robert Nozick, American philosopher (d. 2002)
* 1940 &ndash; Donna McKechnie, American actress, singer and dancer
* 1942 &ndash; Willie Carson, Scottish jockey
* 1942 &ndash; Chi Coltrane, American musician and singer
* 1946 &ndash; Wolfgang Kleff, German footballer
* 1946 &ndash; Terence McKenna, American philosopher (d. 2000)
* 1946 &ndash; Ole Olsen, Danish speedway rider
* 1946 &ndash; Colin Burgess, Australian drummer
* 1948 &ndash; Arie Haan, Dutch footballer
* 1948 &ndash; Norbert Lammert, German politician
* 1948 &ndash; Bonnie Greer, American playwright and critic
* 1950 &ndash; David Leisure, American actor
* 1950 &ndash; David Wilson-Johnson, English operatic baritone

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Miguel Sandoval, American actor
* 1952 &ndash; Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese video game creator (Nintendo)
* 1952 &ndash; Sam Watson, Australian indigenous activist, politician and writer (d. 2019)
* 1952 &ndash; Piero Falchetta, Italian archivist, essayist and translator
* 1953 &ndash; Griff Rhys Jones, Welsh actor, comedian and writer
* 1953 &ndash; Brigitte Zypries, German politician
* 1954 &ndash; Luis Conte, Cuban drummer
* 1955 &ndash; Héctor Cúper, Argentine footballer and coach
* 1957 &ndash; Rafael Amador, Mexican footballer
* 1957 &ndash; Jacques Gamblin, French actor
* 1958 &ndash; Sooronbay Jeenbekov, President of Kyrgyzstan
* 1958 &ndash; Marg Helgenberger, American actress
* 1961 &ndash; Frank Bruno, British boxer
* 1961 &ndash; Corinne Hermès, French singer
* 1962 &ndash; Gary Mounfield, English musician (d. 2025)
* 1962 &ndash; Darwyn Cooke, Canadian comic writer (d. 2016)
* 1962 &ndash; Josh Silver, American musician
* 1963 &ndash; Zina Garrison, American tennis player
* 1964 &ndash; Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian actress
* 1964 &ndash; Luciano Floridi, Italian philosopher
* 1964 &ndash; Dwight Gooden, American baseball player
* 1964 &ndash; Diana Krall, Canadian jazz singer
* 1964 &ndash; Maeve Quinlan, American actress
* 1965 &ndash; Mika Aaltonen, Finnish footballer
* 1965 &ndash; Mark Benton, English actor
* 1966 &ndash; Joey Cape, American singer, songwriter, guitarist and producer
* 1966 &ndash; Christian Lorenz, German musician
* 1967 &ndash; Lisa Bonet, American actress
* 1968 &ndash; Shobha Nagi Reddy, Indian politician (d. 2014)
* 1970 &ndash; Martha Plimpton, American actress
* 1971 &ndash; Alexander Popov, Russian swimmer
* 1971 &ndash; Waqar Younis, Pakistani cricketer
* 1972 &ndash; Michael Irby, American actor
* 1972 &ndash; Missi Pyle, American actress
* 1973 &ndash; Christian Horner, British Formula One team principal
* 1974 &ndash; Paul Scholes, English footballer
* 1974 &ndash; Brooke Elliott, American actress and singer
* 1974 &ndash; Maurizio Margaglio, Italian ice dancer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Danny Wallace, British writer
* 1977 &ndash; Maggie Gyllenhaal, American actress
* 1977 &ndash; Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater
* 1978 &ndash; Gary Naysmith, Scottish footballer
* 1979 &ndash; Bruce Irons, American surfer
* 1980 &ndash; Osi Umeniyora, American football player
* 1981 &ndash; Allison Crowe, Canadian singer-songwriter
* 1981 &ndash; Caitlin Glass, American voice actress, singer and director
* 1981 &ndash; Kate Miller-Heidke, Australian singer–songwriter
* 1982 &ndash; Amar'e Stoudemire, American basketball player
* 1983 &ndash; Kari Lehtonen, Finnish ice hockey player
* 1983 &ndash; Britta Steffen, German swimmer
* 1983 &ndash; Victor Vazquez, American musician and artist
* 1984 &ndash; Kimberly J. Brown, American actress
* 1985 &ndash; Sanna Marin, Finnish politician, Prime Minister of Finland
* 1985 &ndash; Saori Yamamoto, Japanese model
* 1986 &ndash; Saeko, Japanese actress
* 1986 &ndash; Maxime Médard, French rugby player
* 1986 &ndash; Aleksey Kozlov, Russian footballer
* 1987 &ndash; Vicky Pattison, British television personality
* 1988 &ndash; Siva Kaneswaran, British singer (The Wanted)
* 1989 &ndash; Vicki Adams, Scottish curler
* 1991 &ndash; Tomomi Kasai, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48)
* 1993 &ndash; Pete Davidson, American comedian and actor
* 1995 &ndash; Noah Gray-Cabey, American actor and pianist

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 498 &ndash; Pope Anastasius II
* 1093 &ndash; Saint Margaret, Queen Consort of Scotland, wife of King Malcolm III, mother of Kings Alexander I, David I and Edgar (b. 1045)
* 1240 &ndash; Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1175)
* 1272 &ndash; Henry III, King of England (b. 1207)
* 1328 &ndash; Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1276)
* 1632 &ndash; King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (b. 1594) (killed in battle)
* 1672 &ndash; Heinrich Schuetz, German composer (b. 1585)
* 1724 &ndash; Jack Sheppard, English highwayman  (b. 1702)
* 1779 &ndash; Pehr Kalm, Finnish explorer and naturalist (b. 1716)
* 1790 &ndash; Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, American Continental Congressman (b. 1723)
* 1797 &ndash; Frederick William II of Prussia (b. 1744)
* 1802 &ndash; André Michaux, French botanist (b. 1746)
* 1806 &ndash; Moses Claeveland, American lawyer and surveyor (b. 1754)
* 1878 &ndash; Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1874)
* 1885 &ndash; Louis Riel, Canadian political activist (b. 1844)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1907 &ndash; Robert I, Duke of Parma (b. 1848)
* 1908 &ndash; Henri-Gustave de Lotbinière, 4th Premier of Quebec (b. 1829)
* 1911 &ndash; A. A. Ames, American politician (b. 1842)
* 1911 &ndash; Lawrence Feuerbach, American athlete (b. 1879)
* 1912 &ndash; William Larrabee, 13th Governor of Iowa (b. 1832)
* 1922 &ndash; Max Abraham, German physicist (b. 1875)
* 1934 &ndash; Carl von Linde, German inventor and engineer (b. 1842)
* 1941 &ndash; Eduard Ellman-Eelma, Estonian footballer (b. 1902)
* 1945 &ndash; Sigurdur Eggerz, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1875)
* 1947 &ndash; Giuseppe Volpi, Italian businessman and politician (b. 1877)
* 1950 &ndash; Bob Smith, American physician and surgeon (b. 1879)
* 1956 &ndash; Otori Tanigoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1887)
* 1960 &ndash; Gilbert Harding, English television personality (b. 1907)
* 1960 &ndash; Clark Gable, American actor (b. 1901)
* 1961 &ndash; Sam Rayburn, American Speaker of the House (b. 1882)
* 1965 &ndash; W. T. Cosgrave, Irish Taoiseach (b. 1880)
* 1971 &ndash; Edie Sedgwick, American actress (b. 1943)
* 1972 &ndash; Vera Karalli, Russian ballerina and actress (b. 1889)
* 1973 &ndash; Alan Watts, English writer and philosopher (b. 1915)
* 1974 &ndash; Walther Meissner, German technical physicist (b. 1882)
* 1980 &ndash; Jayan, Indian actor (b. 1938)
* 1982 &ndash; Pavel Sergeevich Alexandrov, Russian mathematician (b. 1896)
* 1985 &ndash; Omayra Sanchez, Colombian girl, high–profile victim of the Nevado del Ruiz volcanic eruption (b. 1972)
* 1986 &ndash; Siobhan McKenna, Irish actress (b. 1923)
* 1993 &ndash; Lucia Popp, Slovakian soprano (b. 1939)
* 1999 &ndash; Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist (b. 1928)
* 2000 &ndash; Russ Conway, British pianist, composer and singer (b. 1925)
* 2000 &ndash; DJ Screw, American hiphop DJ (b. 1971)

### From 2001 
* 2004 &ndash; Margaret Hassan, Irish aid worker (b. 1945)
* 2005 &ndash; Henry Taube, Canadian–born chemist (b. 1915)
* 2006 &ndash; Milton Friedman, American economist (b. 1912)
* 2008 &ndash; Reg Varney, British actor (b. 1916)
* 2009 &ndash; Edward Woodward, British actor (b. 1930)
* 2009 &ndash; Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (b. 1978)
* 2012 &ndash; Aliu Mahama, Ghanaian politician (b. 1946)
* 2014 &ndash; Peter Kassig, American aid worker (b. 1988)
* 2014 &ndash; Kim Ja-ok, South Korean actress (b. 1951)
* 2014 &ndash; Sik Kok Kwong, Hong Kong Buddhist monk (b. 1919)
* 2014 &ndash; Jadwiga Pilsudska, Polish pilot (b. 1920)
* 2014 &ndash; Carl Sanders, American politician, Governor of Georgia (b. 1925)
* 2014 &ndash; Serge Moscovici, French psychologist (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; Nando Gazzolo, Italian actor (b. 1928)
* 2015 &ndash; David Canary, American actor (b. 1938)
* 2015 &ndash; Michael C. Gross, American graphic designer (b. 1945)
* 2015 &ndash; Bert Olmstead, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
* 2016 &ndash; Melvin Laird, American politician, United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1922)
* 2016 &ndash; Jay Wright Forrester, American computer technology pioneer (b. 1918)
* 2017 &ndash; Tobias Enverga, Filipino–Canadian politician (b. 1955)
* 2017 &ndash; Robert Hirsch, French comedian and actor (b. 1925)
* 2017 &ndash; Franciszek Kornicki, Polish fighter pilot (b. 1916)
* 2017 &ndash; Erik Meijs, Dutch badminton player (b. 1991)
* 2017 &ndash; Hiromi Tsuru, Japanese voice actress (b. 1960)
* 2017 &ndash; Ann Wedgeworth, American actress (b. 1934)
* 2017 &ndash; Adalberto Giazotto, Italian physicist (b. 1940)
* 2018 &ndash; Scott English, American songwriter (b. 1937)
* 2018 &ndash; Pablo Ferro, Cuban–American graphic movie title designer (b. 1935)
* 2018 &ndash; William Goldman, American screenwriter (b. 1931)
* 2018 &ndash; Hiromasa Yonekura, Japanese businessman (b. 1937)
* 2019 &ndash; John Campbell Brown, Scottish astronomer (b. 1947)
* 2019 &ndash; Zeng Guoyuan, Singaporean businessman and politician (b. 1953)
* 2019 &ndash; Diane Loeffler, American politician (b. 1953)
* 2019 &ndash; Terry O'Neill, British photographer (b. 1938)

## Observances 
* Icelandic Language Day
* International Day of Tolerance
* Day of Declaration of Sovereignty (Estonia)