open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Brandenburg Concertos

]]
The ***Brandenburg Concertos*** are a set of concertos written by Johann Sebastian Bach. They were written for Christian Ludwig, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt. The original title was ***Six Concerts à plusieurs instruments,** six concertos for several instruments.* In each of the concertos, there are several solo instruments, which are accompanied by an orchestra. They are widely regarded as some of the greatest orchestral compositions of the Baroque era.

## History 
The set was collected and given to the margrave by Bach in 1721. At that time, he was working as Kapellmeister at Cöthen. Christoph Wolff thinks that the concertos may have been written when Bach was working at Weimar.

## Structure 
As to instrumentation, they are quite unique.

* The first and the third concerto are built around a classical Italian ouverture: there is a concert piece, a slower middle part, and a dance movement. They represent the earlier form of a group concert:The instruments are grouped, and  the focus is on the groups of instruments.
* In the second, and the fourth concerto, there are a number of solo instruments, who play with an orchestra. This is the modern form of a concerto. 
* The fifth and the sixth concerto are like a collection. Bach uses a national style. In the fifth concerto, this is the style of the court, (where French was commonly spoken), which was current when Bach was alive. In the sixth concerto, he took the style of the court in the generation before him. Both concertos feature a number of solo instruments, but in both cases, the "orchestra" (or "tutti") that accompanies is very small, just three instruments. In the fifth concerto, these are violin, viola, and violone. Later,  Bach added a violoncello. In the sixth concerto, the tutti is made of two viols ('viola da gamba') and a violone.  The middle part of these is played by the solo instruments, with basso continuo.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Kurdistani Party

**Kurdistani Party**, shortly **PAKURD** (Kurdish: Partiya Kurdistanî, پارتیا کوردستانی), is a Kurdish nationalist political party founded on 26 May 2014 with the signature of 500 delegates. The party's predecessor is the Kurdistan Conscience Initiative, which organizes acts of civil disobedience. The founding chairman of the party is İbrahim Halil Baran, and the current party spokesperson is Sedar Halman. The party declared its aims as "open Kurdistanist politics, Kurdistan nationalism, non-violence and civil society".

## References
Book of Dreams

***Book of Dreams*** is the tenth studio album by Steve Miller Band. It was released in May 1977 through Capital Records and went to number 2 in the United States and number 1 in Canada. It was the group's most successful albums.

## Track listing
## References
Rajkoti people

The **Rajkoti** are a Dardic tribal group based in Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.  They speak Kalami, a Dardic language.  They live in the valley of Rajkot and Kalkot.

## References
Rajkot

**Rajkot** is a city in Gujarat state of India.  It has a population of over a million and the fourth largest city in the state.  It used to be the capital of the princely state of Saurashtra.

## References
Avocet

The **Avocets** are water birds which poke around in mud to get their food. They are a kind of bird which are often called "waders".

The genus name *Recurvirostra* comes from Latin , 'curved backwards' and , 'bill'. 

Avocets sweep their long, thin, upcurved bills from side to side when feeding in the brackish or saline wetlands they prefer. Their plumage is pied (usually black and white), sometimes also with some red.

Avocets have webbed feet and swim. Their diet consists of aquatic insects and other small creatures. Their favourite places are mudflats and estuaries. They walk around on the mud, sticking their bill into it and sweeping from side to side to find small prey.

Avocets have made a return to Britain. During WWII some land was allowed to return to its previous salt marsh condition. This was followed by the later development of nature reserves. Avocets now use the Titchfield Haven National Nature Reserve as a summer breeding ground.

## References
Ron Clements

**Ronald Francis Clements** (born April 25, 1953) is an American animator, film director, producer and screenwriter.

## Other websites
Gary Trousdale

]]
**Gary A. Trousdale** (born June 8, 1960) is an American animator, movie director, storyboard artist and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the movies such as *Beauty and the Beast* (1991), *The Hunchback of Notre Dame* (1996) and *Atlantis: The Lost Empire* (2001).

## Other websites 
*
Kirk Wise

**Kirk Wise** (born August 24, 1963) is an American animator, movie director and screenwriter. He is best known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios.

## Other websites 
*
Roger Allers

**Roger Charles Allers** (October 10, 1949 – March 1, 2019) was an American animator, movie director, playwright, screenwriter and storyboard artist. He was known for directing *The Lion King*, *Open Season* and *The Prophet*.

Allers died on March 01, 2019 in Santa Monica, California at the age of 69.

## Filmography
{| class="article-table"
!Year
!Film
!Position
|-
|1987
|*The Brave Little Toaster*
|Storyboard Artist
|-
|1988
|*Oliver & Company*
|Story
|-
|1989
|*The Little Mermaid*
|Storyboard Artist
|-
|1990
|*The Rescuers Down Under*
|Storyboard Artist
|-
|1991
|*Beauty and the Beast*
|Story Supervisor
|-
|1992
|*Aladdin*
|Story
|-
|1994
|*The Lion King*
|Director
|-
|1996
|*Captain Hook of the Planet of Neverland**The Hunchback of Notre Dame*
|DirectorStory
|-
|1997
|*Dark Kahn*
|Director
|-
|2000
|''The Emperor's New Groove*
|Story
|-
|2002
|*Return to Never Land*
|Storyboard Artist
|-
|2004
|*The Lion King 1½*
|Additional Story Material
|-
|2006
|*The Little Matchgirl''
|Director

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Wolfgang Reitherman

**Wolfgang Reitherman** (June 26, 1909 - May 22, 1985) was a German-American animator, director and producer.

## References 
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*
The Ataris

**The Ataris** are an American punk rock band from Anderson, Indiana.

## Musical style and influences 
The Ataris' music has been described as alternative rock, emo, emo pop, indie rock, pop punk and punk rock.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Phyllodytes amadoi

***Phyllodytes amadoi*** is a frog. It lives in Brazil.  It lives in the rainforest.  Scientists have only seen it in one place, in Bahia, but they think it lives in other places too.

This frog is smaller than other frogs in *Phyllodytes*.  The adult frog is 15.6-23.0 mm long from nose to rear end.

## References
Descendents

**Descendents** are an American punk rock band formed in 1977 in Manhattan Beach, California.

## References 
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Lagwagon

**Lagwagon** is an American punk rock band originally from Goleta, California, just outside of Santa Barbara, California.

## References 
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*
MU330

**MU330** are an American ska punk band from St. Louis, Missouri, United States.

## References 
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Alexandre Desplat

**Alexandre Michel Gérard Desplat** (born August 23, 1961) is a French film composer and conductor.

## Early life 
Desplat was born in Paris to Jacques Desplat and Katie Ladopoulou. His parents are of French and Greek ancestry. 

## Other websites 
*
Georges Delerue

**Georges Delerue** (March 12, 1925 - March 20, 1990) is a French composer who composed over 350 scores for cinema and television.

## Other websites 
*
Carter Burwell

**Carter Benedict Burwell** (born November 18, 1954) is an American film composer. He has received Academy Awards nominations for Best Original Score for *Carol* (2015), *Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri* (2017) and *The Banshees of Inisherin* (2022).

## Early life 
Burwell was born in New York City to Natalie Benedict and Charles Burwell.

## Personal life 
Burwell married Christine Sciulli in 1999 and had kids Tycho Burwell, Tor Burwell and Greta Burwell.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Mercer Ellington

**Mercer Kennedy Ellington** (March 11, 1919 - February 8, 1996) is an American musician, composer and arranger.

## References
Craig Armstrong (composer)

**Craig Armstrong** (born April 29, 1959) is a Scottish composer of modern orchestral music, electronica and film scores.

## Life and career 
Armstrong was born in Glasgow, Scotland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Battle of Trenton

The **Battle of Trenton** was fought on December 26, 1776  in Trenton, New Jersey. It was a part of the American Revolutionary War. George Washington led the Continental Army against Hessians in Trenton. The Americans won the battle, after Washington crossed the Delaware

## References
Marco Beltrami

**Marco Beltrami** (born October 7, 1966) is an American composer and conductor of film and television scores.

## Early life 
Beltrami was born in Long Island, New York, of Italian and Greek descent. 

## Other websites 
*
Nicholas Britell

**Nicholas Britell** (born October 17, 1980) is an American composer, pianist and film producer based in New York City.

## Early life and education 
Britell was raised in a Jewish family in New York City.

## Personal life 
Britell was married to cellist Caitlin Sullivan.
## Other websites 
* Official website
*
Bruno Morassutti

**Bruno Morassutti** (Padua, December 8, 1920 - Belluno, September 4, 2008)  was an Italian architect and designer. Born in Padua as an orphan, he studied in Venice, where he graduated in 1946. In 1949 he left for the United States. 
## References
## Other websites 
* Fondazione Bruno Morassutti 
* Bruno Morassutti Enciclopedia De Agostini
* Frank Lloyd Wright e Bruno Morassutti, Artribune, 2018
Ādaži

**Ādaži** (pronunciation: [ˈaː.da.ʒi]) is a town in Latvia with town rights since 2022. It is the center of the Ādaži District. As of 2022, Ādaži had a population of 7,482 people. Ādaži is on small river Vējupe near river Gauja. Lake Mazais Baltezers is to south from the town.

Ādaži was a small village until 1970s (with population of 303 people in 1965). After, a new farming village was built. In 21th-century, Ādaži grew as cottage village, with some food factories.

A big military camp of NATO is to north from the town.

## Roads 
Roads from Ādaži: Riga—Tallinn (A1), Ādaži-Jaunciems (P1), Lapmeži-Ādaži-Baltezers (V50), Ādaži-Garkalne (V46). The nearest railway stations are Garkalne (5&nbsp;km) and Carnikava (6&nbsp;km). The center of Riga is 22&nbsp;km from Ādaži to south.

## Gallery 

Vējupe in Ādaži.jpg|River Vējupe.
Ūbeļu iela 13 - panoramio.jpg|Living house.
Tilts pār Gauju .jpg|Bridge over Gauja.
Ādažu Kultūras centrs.jpg|Culture house.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Town site
Koknese

**Koknese** () is a town in middle Latvia. It is in Aizkraukle District. As of 2022, Koknese had a population of 2,562 people. Koknese is on rivers Pērse and Daugava.

Koknese was a castle and river harbor at Middle Ages. It has town rights at 1277 until 17th century. Town rights were given again in 2021.

## Roads 
Roads from Koknese: Riga—Daugavpils (A6), Tīnūži—Koknese (P6), Ērgļi—Koknese (P79), Ogre—Koknese (V996), Suntaži—Koknese (V920). Koknese is railway station on line Riga—Daugavpils.

The centre of district Aizkraukle is 14&nbsp;km to east from Koknese. The capital city Riga is 100&nbsp;km to west.

## Gallery 

Kokneses stacija.jpg|Railway station.
Kokneses luterāņu baznīca 2000-07-23.jpg|Lutheran church.
Near Koknese castle - panoramio.jpg|Old guns in park.
Koknese, Pērse - panoramio.jpg|River Pērse.

## References
Gabriel Yared

**Gabriel Yared** (born October 7, 1949) is a Lebanese-French composer.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
*
BlackRock

**BlackRock, Inc.** is an American multi-national investment company. It is based in New York City, United States. It was established in 1988. BlackRock is the world's largest asset manager, with  trillion in assets under management (as of January 2022). BlackRock controls globally with 70 offices in 30 countries and clients in 100 countries.

BlackRock has looked for the position itself as an industry leader in environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG).

## History 
BlackRock was founded in 1988 by Larry Fink, Robert S. Kapito, Susan Wagner, Barbara Novick, Ben Golub, Hugh Frater, Ralph Schlosstein, and Keith Anderson. Their objective is to provide institutional clients with asset management services from a risk management perspective. 

By 1992, Blackstone had a stake equating to about 35% of the company, and Stephen A. Schwarzman and Fink were considering selling shares to the public. The firm adopted the name BlackRock, and was managing $17 billion in assets by the end of the year. 

Later Schwarzman remained with Blackstone, while Fink went on to become chairman and CEO of BlackRock Inc.

BlackRock is a shareholder in many institutional investors. They own shares in BlackRock. This chain of possesion is similar to circular ownership structures. Later they have been identified in the United Kingdom, for example. 

In December 2024, the MetLife Building changes the name of the building and becomes the BlackRock Building located at 200 Park Avenue in New York City until February 2025.

## Investments in India 
The firm maintains a dedicated India Fund. Such made investments in Indian start-ups like Byju's, GoWork, Paytm, Pine Labs, etc. As of 2020, it's lowering its investment in the country while increasing it in China.

## Public image 
In his 2018 annual letter to shareholders, CEO of BlackRoad Larry Fink wrote that other CEOs should be aware of their impact on society. In May 2018, anti-war organizations held a demonstration outside the annual BlackRock shareholders' meeting in Manhattan, New York.

BlackRock was examined for allegedly taking advantage of its close ties with the Federal Reserve System during the COVID-19 pandemic response efforts. In June 2020, *The New Republic* wrote that BlackRock "was having a very good pandemic" and was casting "itself as socially responsible.

## References 
## Continue reading 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
*
1958 FIFA World Cup final

The **1958 FIFA World Cup final** took place in Råsunda Stadium, Solna (near Stockholm), Sweden on 29 June 1958 to determine the champion of the 1958 FIFA World Cup.

## Details

|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|

|}

| width=50% valign=top|
**Match Rules**
*90 minutes
*30 minutes of extra-time if necessary
*Replay if necessary
*No substitutions permitted
|}

## Match statistics
 dinamics. Gennady Kravtsov. "Applied Statistics".]]

## Related pages
* Pelé: Birth of a Legend

## References
## Other websites
* 1958 FIFA World Cup on FIFA.com
1962 FIFA World Cup final

The **1962 FIFA World Cup final** was the deciding match of the 1962 FIFA World Cup. 
## Details

|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|

|}

|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
**Match rules**
*90 minutes.
*30 minutes of extra time if necessary.
*Replay if scores still level.
*No substitutions permitted.

## References
## Other websites
*1962 FIFA World Cup Final planetworldcup.com
Benji Madden

**Benjamin Levi Madden** (ne **Combs**; born March 11, 1979) is an American musician. He is the lead guitarist and backing vocalist for the band Good Charlotte.

## Early life 
Madden was born in Waldorf, Maryland to Robin Madden and Roger Combs. He has an identical twin, Joel Madden with whom he formed the band Good Charlotte.

## Personal life 
Madden married actress Cameron Diaz in 2015.
They have a daughter, Raddix Madden, born through surrogacy in January 2020.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
John Powell

**John Powell** may refer to:

* John Enoch Powell (1912–1998), British politician
* John Powell (discus thrower) (1947–2022), American discus thrower
* John Powell (movie composer) (born 1963), British composer
Wilfred Jackson

**Wilfred Jackson** (January 24, 1906 - August 7, 1988) is an American animator, arranger, composer and director best known for his work on the *Mickey Mouse* and *Silly Symphonies* series and the *Night on Bald Mountain/Ave Maria* segment of *Fantasia* from Walt Disney Productions.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
The Black Crook

***The Black Crook*** is work of the musical theatre. It was first produced in New York City in 1866. There were 474 shows.It opened on September 12, 1866 at the 3,200-seat Niblo's Garden on Broadway in Manhattan.

## Reference
1938 FIFA World Cup final

The **1938 FIFA World Cup final** was the game between Italy and Hungary.
## Route to the final
## Match

|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|

|}

|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
**Match rules**
*90 minutes
*30 minutes of extra time if necessary
*Replay if scores still level
*No substitutions permitted
|}

## References
## Other websites
*1938 FIFA World Cup Final at Planet World Cup
Suicide of Ronnie McNutt

**Ronald "Ronnie" Merle McNutt** was a 33-year-old veteran of the United States Army. On August 31, 2020, McNutt started a livestream. He was holding a shotgun in his hand. His last words were "Hey guys, I guess that's it." He then shot himself with a shotgun on Facebook live stream. He allegedly had PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) from working in the military for so long his girlfriend left him. Facebook quickly took the live stream down after a few days of the live stream being posted on Facebook. The cops came 40 seconds after Ronnie Merle McNutt shot himself.
Street Fighter

***Street Fighter*** is a fighting video game franchise made by Capcom.

## Games 
**Street Fighter 2010: The Final Fight* (1990)
**Street Fighter II* (1991)
**Street Fighter Alpha 3* (1998)
**Street Fighter IV* (2008)

## Characters 
*Ken Masters
*Ryu (Street Fighter)

## Adaptations 
**Street Fighter* (1994 movie)
Ķekava

**Ķekava** is a town in Latvia with town rights since 2022. It is the center of the Ķekava District. As of 2022, Ķekava had a population of 5,446 people. Ķekava is on small river Ķekaviņa near river Daugava. Reservoir of Riga hydroelectric power station is to north-east from the town.

Ķekava was a small village until 1970s (with population of 333 people in 1967). After, a new chicken meat factory was built. A new workers village was built and it grew the population.

## Roads 
Roads from Ķekava: Riga—Warszawa (A7), Riga bypass road (A5), Ķekava-Plakanciems (V6), Ķekava bypass road (not built yet). The center of Riga is 17&nbsp;km from Ķekava to north-west.

## Gallery 

Pildrežģu ēka Ķekavā - panoramio.jpg
Курятники - panoramio.jpg|Chicken meat factory
Ķekavas upīte pie Ķekavas 1998-11-07 - panoramio.jpg|River Ķekaviņa
Doles (Ķekavas) luterāņu baznīca 1.jpg|In church

## References 
## Other websites 
* Town site
1930 FIFA World Cup final

The **1930 FIFA World Cup final** was a football game in the 1930 FIFA World Cup. 
## Route to the final
|style="background:#c1e0ff"|Final standing
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|

|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#c1e0ff"
|Opponent
|Result
|Knockout stage
|Opponent
|Result
|-
|
|6–1
|style="background:#c1e0ff"|Semi-finals
|
|6–1
|}

## Details

|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|

|}

|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
**Match rules**
*90 minutes.
*30 minutes of extra time if necessary.
*Replay if scores still level.
*No substitutions permitted.
|}

## References
## Other websites
* 1930 FIFA World Cup Final fifa.com
Iecava

**Iecava** () is a town in Latvia with town rights since 2021. It is in the Semigallia region of southern Latvia, in Bauska District. As of 2022, Iecava had a population of 5500 people. Iecava is 40&nbsp;km south of Riga and 23&nbsp;km north of Bauska. Until 1 July 2021, Iecava was a village and was the center of Iecava District. Iecava is on river Iecava.

The town produces eggs, vegetable oil and alcoholic drinks.

## Roads 
Roads in Iecava: Riga—Warsaw (A7), Iecava—Stelpe (P92), Jelgava—Iecava (P93), Iecava—Emburga (V1008), Baloži—Iecava (V7), Daugmale—Iecava (V9), Lambārte—Iecava (V1047).

Railway line Jelgava—Krustpils passes near Iecava. This line no has passenger trains.

## Gallery 

Church in Iecava - Igors Jefimovs - Panoramio.jpg|Lutheran church.
Iecava village 03.JPG|Culture house
Iecavas viduslaiku kapsēta 03.jpg|In town park "Dievdārziņš"
Здание вокзала станции Иецава Iecavas stacijas ēka (1) - Bontrager - Panoramio.jpg|Railway cargo station Iecava
Iecava - panoramio (3).jpg|River Iecava and bridge
Iecavas muižas fragments (bibliotēka).jpg|Library in former manor
Iecava - panoramio (1).jpg|Water tower
P92 Iecavā.JPG|Road to Stelpe

## References
## Other websites 
* Town site
Peter Fitzgerald (politician)

**Peter Gosselin Fitzgerald** (born October 20, 1960) is a retired American lawyer and politician.
## Other websites
* Federal Election Commission — Peter G Fitzgerald campaign finance reports and data
* New York Times — Topics: Peter G. Fitzgerald collected news and commentary
* On the Issues — Peter Fitzgerald issue positions and quotes
* OpenSecrets.org'' — Peter G. Fitzgerald campaign contributions
* 

|-

|-

|-
Michelle Visage

**Michelle Visage** (born **Michelle Lynn Shupack**; September 20, 1968) is an American radio DJ, singer, actress, media personality, television host producer and former showgirl. 

As a member of the band Seduction, she earned five singles with the group that charted on the *Billboard* Hot 100. In 1993, as lead vocalist in The S.O.U.L. S.Y.S.T.E.M., she reached the top of the dance charts. In 2011, she joined the American reality competition series ''RuPaul's Drag Race*. She has served as a permanent judge since season three. She is also a permanent judge on *RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars*, *RuPaul's Drag Race UK, *and *RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under''.

## References
Daylight (1996 movie)

***Daylight*** is a 1996 British American action thriller movie directed by Rob Cohen and starring Sylvester Stallone, Amy Brenneman, Viggo Mortensen, Jay O. Sanders, Dan Hedaya, Claire Bloom, Vanessa Bell Conway, Karen Young, Danielle Harris, Sage Stallone. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Kel

**Kel** or **KEL** may refer to:

* Kel, Azad Kashmir, village in Neelam Valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
* Kel Mitchell (born 1978), American actor and comedian
Sergio Di Stefano

**Sergio Di Stefano** (5 July 1939 – 17 September 2010) was an Italian actor and voice actor. He was known for dubbing voices. These include Gregory House in the first six seasons of *House* and William Riker in *Star Trek: The Next Generation*. He was also a regular voice dubbing artist for John Malkovich and Jeff Bridges.

Di Stefano died of a heart attack in Rome on 17 September 2010, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sri Lanka Matha

"**Sri Lanka Matha**" is the national anthem of Sri Lanka.

## Lyrics
### Sinhala version 
### Tamil version 
### Poetic English translation 
## References 
## Other websites 
* National Anthems: Sri Lanka
* National Anthems: Sri Lanka (archive link)
* Himnuszok: Sri Lanka
* National Country Symbols Of All Countries: Sri Lanaka
Karl-August Fagerholm

**Karl-August Fagerholm** (31 December 1901, Siuntio – 22 May 1984, Helsinki) was Speaker of Parliament and three times Prime Minister of Finland (1948–50, 1956–57, and 1958–59).

## References
Mārupe

**Mārupe** is a town in Latvia with town rights since 2022. It is the center of the Mārupe District. As of 2022, Mārupe had a population of 17,796 people. Mārupe is on small river Mārupīte. Borders of Mārupe meet borders of Riga, the capital of Latvia.

## Economy 
The largest businesses registered in Mārupe in 2020 were: road transport company "Kreiss", auto parts saler "Inter Cars Latvija", computers saler "Also Latvia", electricals and computers saler "MoonCom".

### Roads 
The main road of Mārupe is Riga-Jaunmārupe (P1132). Two big roads are the borders of town: Rīga-Eleja (A8) and Rīga-Ventspils (A10). The center of Riga is 9&nbsp;km from Mārupe to north-east. Nearest railway passenger station is Tīraine 2&nbsp;km to west from center of Mārupe. Trains through Tīraine to Riga and Jelgava go 26 times daily. Riga city buses also go to Mārupe.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Town site
The Amati Girls

***The Amati Girls*** is a 2001 American drama movie directed by Anne De Salvo and starring Cloris Leachman, Mercedes Ruehl, Paul Sorvino, Mark Harmon, Sean Young, Dinah Manoff, Lee Grant, Sal Viscuso, Jay Acovone, Sam McMurray, Mary Winston, Robert Picardo. 

## Other websites
* 
*
Samir Al-Rifai

**Samir al-Rifai** (; 30 January 1901 – 12 October 1965) was Jordanian politician. He served several terms as the 8th Prime Minister of Jordan.

He was born in Safed.

## References
Arturo Alessandri Palma

**Arturo Fortunato Alessandri Palma** (December 20, 1868 – August 24, 1950) was a Chilean political figure and reformer who served thrice as President of Chile, first from 1920 to 1924, then from March to October 1925, and finally from 1932 to 1938.

## References
Chulalongkorn

**Chulalongkorn** (Thai: จุฬาลงกรณ์, 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910) was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, titled **Rama V**. He was known to the Siamese of his time as Phra Phuttha Chao Luang (พระพุทธเจ้าหลวง, the Royal Buddha).

## References
Fher Olvera

**José Fernando Emilio "Fher" Olvera Sierra** (born 8 December 1959) is a Mexican rock musician and singer-songwriter. He was the lead singer for the Mexican rock band Maná.

## References
Robert L. Vining Jr.

**Robert L. Vining Jr.** (March 30, 1931 – September 1, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia from 1979 to 2022. He was nominated to the court by President Jimmy Carter. Vining Jr. was born in Chatsworth, Georgia.

Vining Jr. died on September 1, 2022 in Dalton, Georgia at the age of 91.

## References
Earnie Shavers

**Earnie Dee Shaver** (August 31, 1944 – September 1, 2022), best known as **Earnie Shavers**, was an American professional boxer. He was active between 1969 and 1995. He was a two-time world heavyweight championship challenger.

Shavers died at his daughter's home in Virginia from a short-illness on September 1, 2022, one day after his 78th birthday.

## References
Phillip Mann

**Anthony Phillip Mann**  (August 1942 – 1 September 2022) was a British-born New Zealand science fiction writer. He taught drama studies at the Victoria University of Wellington in Wellington. He retired from the position of professor of drama at Victoria in 1998. In the 2017 New Year Honours, Mann was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to literature and drama.

Mann died in Wellington, New Zealand on 1 September 2022, at the age of 80.

## References
Ravil Maganov

**Ravil Ulfatovich Maganov** (, ; 25 September 1954 – 1 September 2022) was a Russian businessman. He was the chairman of the national oil company Lukoil.

On 1 September 2022, Maganov died after falling from a sixth-floor window at a hospital in Moscow, Russia at the age of 67. 

## References
Charlbi Dean

**Charlbi Dean Kriek** ( ; 5 February 1990 – 29 August 2022) was a South African actress and model. She was best known for her roles in the *Spud* movies, *Black Lightning* television series and the 2022 movie *Triangle of Sadness*.

Dean died on 29 August 2022 from sepsis at a hospital in New York City at the age of 32.

## References
2022 Pakistan floods

city covered with floodwater in September 2022.]]
Since June 2022, floods in Pakistan have killed at least 1,191 people, including 399 children. The floods were caused by monsoon rains and melting glaciers. It is the world's deadliest flood since the 2017 South Asian floods. On August 25, Pakistan declared a state of emergency because of the flooding. By August 29, it was said that around 'one-third' of the country was underwater. By September 2, the death toll passed 1,200.

## References
Milutin Šoškić

**Milutin Šoškić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Милутин Шошкић; 31 December 1937 – 27 August 2022) was a Serbian professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He made 50 appearances for Yugoslavia national football team between 1959 to 1966. He won an Olympic gold medal in 1960.

Šoškić died on 27 August 2022 at the age of 84.

## References
Osteopilus

***Osteopilus*** is a group of frogs in the family Hylidae. These frogs have a bony bumps on their skulls. This makes their heads like helmets.  These helmet-skulls are called casques.  The name "osteopilus" comes from the Greek words '** for "bone" and **' () for "felt cap." Together, *Osteopilus* means "bone cap." 
These frogs can be brown, brown-gray, or olive green in color with darker markings or patterns. The disks on their toes. They do not have much webbing on their front feet. The eyes and eardrum are large. 
These frogs live in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas, but human beings have brought *O. septentrionalis* to the Lesser Antilles, Hawaii, and Florida.

## Species
There are eight species in this genus:

## References
## Other websites
*  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: *Osteopilus*. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: Apr 24, 2008). 
*  taxon *Osteopilus* at http://www.eol.org.
*  Taxon *Osteopilus* at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: Apr 24, 2008).
*  Taxon *Osteopilus* at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Manuel Duarte

**Manuel Almeida Duarte** (29 May 1945 – 2 September 2022) was a Portuguese footballer. He played as a striker. He played for the Portugal national football team, making two appearances in 1966. 

Duarte died on 2 September 2022 at the age of 77.

## References
Cadena nacional

In several Latin American countries, a '*** (; plural ****), also referred to as a **** () or ***' () is a joint transmission through the media, generally radio and television stations, which aims to reach the largest number of inhabitants of a State. These types of broadcasts are usually of a political nature, since they are mostly messages from government authorities about different matters of general interest, as well as the transmission of electoral debates for the elections to the executive power of each country. 

The institutional characteristics of the national chain vary according to the legislation and customs of each country.  It may be a resource officially provided for in legislation or the name may be used informally, to describe a coordinated transmission. The coupling of the different media to the signal of the official chain can also be voluntary or compulsory.  Similarly, the national network can be used for different types of transmissions in addition to the official messages of the State authorities.

## Criticism
### Argentina
During the government of Cristina Kirchner, the number and frequency of *Cadenas Nacionales* increased, some media criticized their use as not limited to cases of "institutional significance".

The then National Senator for Citizen Unity Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, at the presentation of his book "Sinceramente" in Rosario (Argentina), said that "he does not regret the national channels, since otherwise the media would not have shown the public policies of the then President of Argentina". 

During the administration of the President Mauricio Macri, its use decreased.
### Chile
In Chile, during the period of the Popular Unity, some radio stations (mainly from the opposition), got off the *Cadenas Nacionales* to broadcast their normal programming. At that time they were mandatory.
### Honduras
Another similar situation was the opposition, on the part of the Honduran press, to broadcasting national channels during the government of President Manuel Zelaya, considering that "in the past the *cadena nacional* system was used constantly, mainly by the de facto governments, without satisfactory results".
### Venezuela
Mandatory national channels with political content have been strongly criticized by some media, since in some countries they must broadcast content that often differs from their editorial line.  

That was the case of the radio station RCTV in Venezuela, an opponent of Hugo Chávez, which refused to broadcast a message from the ruler in 2007, despite the fact that in said country there is a Law on Social Responsibility in Radio and Television, which obliges radio and television to broadcast information from the Executive Power. Currently, a *Cadena nacional* is broadcast almost every day, normally headed by Nicolás Maduro or Delcy Rodríguez.

## References
Aptos, California

**Aptos** (Ohlone for "The People") is an unincorporated town in Santa Cruz County, California.

## References
RN

**RN** or **Rn** may refer to:

## Places
* Rio Grande do Norte, Brazilian state (ISO 3166-2:BR code RN)
* Province of Rimini, Italy (ISO 3166-2:IT code)
* County Roscommon, Ireland (code)

## Science and technology
* Radon, symbol Rn, a chemical element
* Newline, represented as \r\n in certain operating systems
* Euclidean space, with *n* dimensions, denoted by \textbf{R}^n or \mathbb{R}^n

## Others
* National Rally (France) (*Rassemblement national*), a far-right French political party
* Royal Navy, UK
* Registered nurse, a licensed health care provider
* *RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon*, an autobiography
Expulsion of Jews from Spain

The decision of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile to banish the Jews from Spain in 1492 with the Alhambra Decree, or the Edict of Expulsion. 

While Jews who converted to Christianity were not banished, Tomás de Torquemada and the Spanish government still tortured many of them. They did not believe that the converted Jews were really Christian and killed many of them in the Spanish Inquisition, a systematic campaign of persecution of Jews lasting from 1478 to 1834.

## Aftermath
As many as 300,000 Jews under Spanish rule were killed over false charges of "crypto-Judaism" in the 356 years of the Inquisition, a charge slapped on Jews who were forcibly converted to Catholicism under Catholic Spanish rule.
## Related pages
* Inquisition
* Antiziganism
* Antisemitism
* Sephardi Jews
* History of Jews
* Antisemitism in Europe

## References
Amalia Granata

**Amalia Iris Sabina Granata** (Born, February 26, 1981) is an Argentine model, television panelist, politician and pro-life activist. She has been a provincial deputy for the province of Santa Fe since 2019.

## Biography
In mid-2007 she left for Romania together with his partner, the soccer player Cristian Fabbiani.

A few months later she returned to Argentina, distancing herself from the player with whom she had a daughter, born in 2008 in Rosario (Argentina).

Since February 2016, she has been in a relationship with businessman Leonardo Squarzon, father of her second child.
## References
Us Girls

***Us Girls*** is a BBC sitcom series that aired for 2 seasons and 12 episodes from 27 February 1992 and 14 April 1993. It stars Joanne Campbell, Mona Hammond and Marlaine Gordon.

## Other websites
*
*BBC Comedy Guide
Miklós Rózsa

**Miklós Róza** (April 18, 1907 - July 27, 1995) was a Hungarian-American composer.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Greens

**Greens** may refer to:
*Leaf vegetables such as collard greens, mustard greens, spring greens, winter greens, spinach, etc.

* Green politics
* Green party, political parties adhering to Green politics
* Green Party
* The Greens (disambiguation)
* Green Party of the United States
* Australian Greens
Jack in the Box (album)

***Jack in the Box*** is the debut studio album of South Korean rapper J-Hope, released on July 15, 2022, through Big Hit Music. It contains 10 tracks, including the lead single, "More", which preceded it on July 1, and the follow-up single, "Arson", which was released the same day as the album, together with an accompanying music video. A concept album revolving around the story of Pandora's box, Jack-in-the-Box discusses themes of passion, ambition, humanity, insecurity, success, and anxiety about the future. Primarily an old-school hip hop record, the album features a blend of genres, including pop, grunge, and R&B. 

It has 10 tracks, including the lead single, "More", which preceded it on July 1, and the follow-up single, "Arson", which was released the same day as the album, with a music video. A concept album revolving around the story of Pandora's box, Jack in the Box discusses themes of passion, ambition, humanity, insecurity, success, and anxiety about the future. Primarily an old-school hip hop record, the album features a blend of genres, including pop, grunge, and R&B.

## Tracklist 
# Intro 
# Pandora's Box
# MORE
# STOP
# = (Equal Sign) 
# Music Box: Reflection
# What if... 
# Safety Zone
# Future
# Arson
Sheezan Mohammed Khan

**Sheezan Mohammed Khan** (born 9 September 1994), is an Indian actor. He is known for portraying Ali Baba in *Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul*.

## Television 
## References 
## Other websites
* 
*
Pietro Badoglio

**Pietro Badoglio**, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba, 1st Marquess of Sabotino (28 September 1871 – 1 November 1956), was an Italian general during both World Wars and the first viceroy of Italian East Africa.

With the fall of the Fascist regime in Italy, he became Prime Minister of Italy.

## References
Juan Velasco Alvarado

**Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado** (16 June 1910 – 24 December 1977) also known by his initials **JVA** or **JFA**, was a Peruvian soldier and politician who served as the 50th President of Peru and the 1st President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru from 1968 until his resignation in 1975. He came after a successful coup d'état against his predecessor, Fernando Belaúnde Terry.

Under his presidency, nationalism, as well as left-leaning policies that addressed Indigenous Peruvians, such as nationalization or agrarian reform were adopted. These policies were reversed after another coup d'état in 1975 led by his Prime Minister, Francisco Morales-Bermúdez.

Alvarado kept a low profile until he died in Lima on 24 December 1977, at the age of 67.
John J. Nance

**John J. Nance** (born July 5, 1946) is an American pilot, attorney, aviation and healthcare safety analyst, and author.

Nance is also a *New York Times* best-selling author. Two of Nance's books, ''Pandora's Clock* and *Medusa's Child'', were adapted and broadcast as a four-hour television miniseries for NBC and ABC.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Alex North

**Alex North** (born **Isadore Soifer**, December 4, 1910 – September 8, 1991) is an American composer best known for his many film scores.

## Early life 
North born Isador Soifer was born in Chester, Pennsylvania to Jewish parents Jesse and Baila (Bessie) who had left the Russian Empire for the US around 1906.

## Death 
North died on September 8, 1991 in Los Angeles, California.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Franz Waxman

**Franz Waxman** (ne **Washsmann**; December 24, 1906 - February 24, 1967) is a German-born composer and conductor of Jewish descent, known primarily for his work in the film music genre.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
*
Carl W. Stalling

**Carl W. Stalling** (November 10, 1891 - November 29, 1972) is an American composer, voice actor and arranger for music in animated films.

## Biography 
Stalling was born in Lexington, Missouri to Ernest and Sophia C. Stalling.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Lotte World Tower

The **Lotte World Tower** () is a , 123-story skyscraper. It is located in Sincheon-dong, Songpa District, Seoul, South Korea. It opened to the public on April 3, 2017. It is currently the tallest building in South Korea and the sixth tallest in the world. It is known as the 5th tallest tower in the world in 2023. The observation deck situated at 541 metres.
## References
Landmark 81

**Landmark 81** is a supertall skyscraper in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The investor and primary developer is Vinhomes, a Vietnamese company that is also the country's largest real-estate company. Landmark 81 is the tallest building in Vietnam, the second tallest building in Southeast Asia, and the 17th tallest building in the world.

## References
## Other websites
*Landmark 81 SkyView
Perceptron

In machine learning, the **perceptron** (or **McCulloch-Pitts neuron**) is an algorithm to separate two categories of data with a straight boundary. A list of numbers called the weights describe the boundary.

## History 
Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts thought of the perceptron in 1943. Frank Rosenblatt built the first perceptron in 1958.

## Definition 
The algorithm calculates the inner product of a data point and a list of numbers called the weights and then adds another number called the bias. It will group the negative numbers and the positive numbers separately. The algorithm only works if the two groups can be divided with a straight boundary. The groups of data are on opposite sides of the boundary.  It can be written as \operatorname{sign}(\textbf{w} \cdot \textbf{x} + b) where \mathbf{w} is the weights, \mathbf{x} is the data point, and b is the bias.

## References
Waltham, Maine

**Waltham** is a town in Hancock County, Maine, United States. The population was 332 during the 2020 United States Census.

## References
Farewell, My Lovely (1975 movie)

***Farewell, My Lovely*** is a 1975 British American crime mystery thriller movie directed by Dick Richards and is the third adaption of the novel of the same name by Raymond Chandler. It stars Charlotte Rampling, John Ireland, Robert Mitchum, Sylvia Miles (in her Oscar nominated role), Anthony Zerbe, Harry Dean Stanton, Joe Spinell, Sylvester Stallone and Ivor Danvers and was produced by ITC Entertainment and distributed by Avco Embassy Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Gran Torre Santiago

The **Costanera Center Torre 2**, better known as **Gran Torre Santiago** (Great Santiago Tower), and previously known as **Torre Gran Costanera**, is a 62-story tall skyscraper in Santiago, Chile. It is the second tallest in Latin America (behind Mexico's T.Op Torre 1). It is the fourth-tallest building in the Southern hemisphere (behind New Zealand's Sky Tower, Australia's Q1 Tower and Australia 108).

## References
The Leonardo (Sandton)

**The Leonardo** is a 55-floor mixed-use building in Sandton, Johannesburg, South Africa. It stands at a height of ,  taller than the third tallest building in Africa, the Carlton Centre. It is built at 75 Maude Street, approximately 100 metres from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.

## References
You're the Voice

"'''''You're the Voice'''*" is a 1986 song by Australian singer John Farnham and was released on 15 September 1986. It was taken from his 12th studio album *Whispering Jack''. It topped the charts in Australia for 7 weeks. It has been covered by Heart and Alan Parsons.

## Heart version 
## References
Twin Towers (movie)

***Twin Tower*** is a 2002 short documentary movie directed by Bill Guttentag and Robert David Port. It depicts the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. It is about two brothers, policeman Joseph Vigiano and fireman John Vigiano Jr., and their actions during the attacks. The movie was awarded an Oscar for Best Documentary Short at the 2003 Academy Awards honoring movies released in the year 2002.

## References
Jawbreaker (movie)

***Jawbreaker*** is a 1999 American teen black comedy movie directed by Darren Stein and starring Rose McGowan, Rebecca Gayheart, Julie Benz, Judy Greer, Pam Grier, Charlotte Ayanna, Ethan Erickson, Carol Kane, Marilyn Manson, Tatyana Ali. It was distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Black Eagle (1948 movie)

***Black Eagle*** is a 1948 American western movie directed by Robert Gordon and was based on the 1909 short story *The Passing on Black Eye* by O. Henry. It stars William Bishop, Virginia Patton, Gordon Jones, James Bell, Trevor Bardette and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Eliana Ramos

**Eliana Ramos** (23 December 1988 – 13 February 2007) was a Uruguayan fashion model who was signed with Dotto Models. On 13 February 2007, Ramos died from a heart attack brought on by anorexia. Her sister Luisel, who was also a model, died from the same cause of death six months before. Their deaths attracted widespread attention in Latin America.

## References
Umberto II of Italy

**Umberto II**, full name **Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia** (15 September 190418 March 1983), was the last King of Italy. He reigned for 34 days, from 9 May 1946 to 12 June 1946, although he had been *de facto* head of state since 1944 and was nicknamed **the May King** ().

Umberto was the only son among the five children of King Victor Emmanuel III and Queen Elena. To repair the monarchy's image after the fall of Benito Mussolini's regime, Victor Emmanuel transferred his powers to Umberto in 1944 while retaining the title of king. As a referendum on the abolition of the monarchy was in preparation, Victor Emmanuel abdicated his throne in favour of Umberto in the hope that his exit might bolster the monarchy. However, the referendum passed, Italy was declared a republic, and Umberto lived out the rest of his life in exile in Cascais, on the Portuguese Riviera.

## Titles, styles and honours
### Titles and styles
* 15 September 1904 – 29 September 1904: *His Royal Highness* Prince Umberto of Savoy
* 29 September 1904 – 9 May 1946: *His Royal Highness* The Prince of Piedmont
* 9 May 1946 – 12 June 1946: *His Majesty* The King of Italy
* 12 June 1946 – 18 March 1983: *His Majesty* King Umberto II of Italy

Umberto was granted the traditional title of Prince of Piedmont at birth. This was formalised by Royal Decree on 29 September 1904.

## Ancestry
## References
## Other reading
* 
*

## Other websites
* Genealogy of recent members of the House of Savoy
* a portrait of his
* Website with Information on Italian Royal news stories
* 

|-
Lycée Henri-IV

The **Lycée Henri-IV** is a French educational center located in the Latin Quarter of Paris, in the fifth arrondissement of Paris.

The school is recognized for its excellent results in the baccalaureate, in the general competition and in the entrance exams to the Grandes Ecoles, and more specifically in the literary competitions (Ecoles Normales Supérieure de Paris, Lyon and Paris-Saclay, École des Chartes). It is known for its elitism and for having trained many French intellectuals, politicians, scientists and personalities.

## Notable former students
* Corinne Enaudeau, a French philosopher
* Claude Goasguen, a French politician
* Gabriel Lippmann, a Franco-Luxembourgish physicist and inventor
* Amélie Verdier, a French senior civil servant

## References
Dražen Petrović

in 1992]]

**Dražen Petrović** (22 October 1964 – 7 June 1993) was a Yugoslav and Croatian professional basketball player.

A shooting guard, he initially achieved success playing professional basketball in Europe in the 1980s, before joining the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1989.
Eugene Wigner

**Eugene Paul "E. P." Wigner** (November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who also contributed to mathematical physics.

He obtained American citizenship in 1937, and received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles".

## References
Ngati

***Ngāti*** is a 1987 New Zealand drama movie directed by Barry Barclay and starring Wi Kuki Kaa and Judy McIntosh. The spoken languages in the movie are Māori and English.

## References
## Other websites
*Watch Ngati movie clip at NZ On Screen
*Official NZ Government Film website 
*
*Interview with director Barry Barclay on YouTube