open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Antara Dua Darjat

***Antara Dua Darjat*** (English: ***Between Two Classes***) is a 1960 Singaporean Malay-language black-and-white romantic melodrama. It was directed by and stars P. Ramlee and Saadiah. The story is about a couple in love who face obstacles because of their different social classes. Their families believe people of different ranks should not be together, leading to conflict and emotional turmoil.

## Songs
* Getaran Jiwa
* Selamat Panjang Umur
* Alunan Biola

## Related pages
* P. Ramlee filmography

## References
## Other websites
* *Antara Dua Darjat* at the Cinema Malaysia
* 
* *Antara Dua Darjat* / 1960 - Filem Malaysia
Devapala's Conflict with Tibetans

'''Devapala's Conflict with Tibetans''' was a conflict between the Devapala of Pala Empire against the Tibetan Empire. In this conflict Devapala of Pala Empire came into conflict with the tibetans like his father Dharmapala. 

## Background
During the period when Dharmapala's reign was ending and Devapala's reign was beginning, the Pratihāra ruler Nagabhatta attacked the Palas and the Tibetan Empire was allied with the Pratihāras in their attack on the Palas. The Tibetans, led by Mu-tig Btsan-po, claims to have defeated Dharmapala, while his successor Ralpacan claims that they had successfully subdued Gangāsāgara. These events took place near the end of Dharmapala's rule and the start of Devapala's reign. Devapala also engaged in conflict with the Tibetan kings like his father Dharmapala.

## Aftermath 
Devapala's conquest of the Himalayas is confirmed by the Dullu inscription of King Prithvimalla, which mentions fifteen Pala rulers ruling over Nepal. The first Pala king, Adipala, started a new lineage of rulership, continuing for sixteen generations.

## References
Vandal Savage

**Vandar Adg of the Blood Tribe**, more widely known as **Vandal Savage**, is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by Alfred Bester and Martin Nodell. He first appeared in *Green Lantern* #10 (1943).

## Fictional character biography 
He is an immortal warrior who intends to conquer the planet. Thousands of years ago, as a caveman during the Prehistoric Era, he was exposed to a meteorite that enhanced his physiology. He was the inspiration for the biblical figure **Cain**, having committed the first recorded murder, making him an important figure in the Religion of Crime. Throughout the ages he has been an influential figure in history, manipulating many of its greatest conflicts. In the modern era he regularly fights against the Justice Society of America, his greatest enemies. Master of planning and many forms of combat, having survived and adapted through countless centuries, Savage is an extremely dangerous and formidable opponent. Although his campaigns frequently meet with heavy resistance, he is resilient in the knowledge that he will outlive all those who oppose him. Vandal has fathered thousands of children, but the only one he truly considers his heir is his daughter Scandal Savage; and he is also the ancestor of superhero Roy Harper, Green Arrow's first sidekick.

## In other media 
The character made his live-action debut in *Smallville* as his alias, Curtis Knox, in the episode, "Cure", portrayed by Dean Cain. He then appeared in the Arrowverse crossover event "Heroes Join Forces" between the television series *The Flash* and *Arrow*, played by Casper Crump. Crump later reprised the role in the television series *Legends of Tomorrow*.

## References
Movin' On (TV series)

'''''Movin' On''''' is an American television drama created by Philip D'Antoni and Barry J. Weitz which is original aired from May 8, 1974 to March 2, 1976 on NBC.

## Other websites
*
Jan Paweł Lenga

**Jan Paweł Lenga** (born 28 March 1950) is a Ukrainian Roman Catholic Archbishop Emeritus of Karaganda, Kazakhstan.

## Early life 
Jan Paweł Lenga was born on 28 March 1950 in Horodok, Ukraine. He became a priest on 28 May 1980.

## Career 
Lenga worked in Kazakhstan, where he served as a priest. In 1991, he was consecrated as the bishop of Karaganda. In 1999, he was appointed the Archbishop of Karaganda.

In 2011, he resigned as Archbishop and became Archbishop Emeritus of Karaganda.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Catholic-Hierarchy
Calculator (character)

**Calculator** (**Noah Kuttler**) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by Bob Rozakis and Mike Grell, first appearing in *Detective Comics* #463 (1976). 

## Fictional character biography 
The character is a super-intelligent enemy of Batman who operates a world-wide communications network brokering information to super-villains, making him the evil counterpart to Oracle. His career began as a costumed criminal wearing a battle-suit designed like a giant calculator. He is a founding member of the Secret Society of Super Villains, and has also been a member of the Fearsome Five, and he usually fights the Birds of Prey.

## In other media 
The Calculator appeared as a recurring character on The CW's Arrowverse series *Arrow*, portrayed by Tom Amandes.

## References
## Other websites
* DCU Guide: The Calculator
Archbishop ad personam

'*Archbishop *ad personam''''' is a title given by the Pope to certain bishops. It is an honorary title that allows a bishop to be called an archbishop, even if he is not in charge of an archdiocese. 

Usually, an archbishop is in charge of an archdiocese, which is a larger or more important diocese. Sometimes a bishop who is not in charge of an archdiocese is given the title "archbishop" as a special honor. This can happen because of the bishop's work, his role in the Church, or other reasons decided by the Pope.
## Related pages 
* Auxiliary bishop
* Titular bishop
* Bishop coadjutor
* Bishop-elect

## References
Barbary slave trade

.]]

The term, **Barbary slave trade** refers to slave trade that occurred in and around the Mediterranean. The destination often was the Ottoman Barbary states. These states were mostly independent. The slaves were Christians from Europe.  North African (Arab and Berber) Muslim pirates captured them in raids on slave ships, and in towns along the coast. Slaves came from Italy, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, France and the southwest of Britain. Sometimes they also came from Iceland or the Eastern Mediterranean.

The Ottoman Eastern Mediterranean was the scene of (much or) intense piracy. As late as the 18th century, piracy continued to be a "consistent threat to maritime traffic in the Aegean".

Robert Davis, author of *Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters*, estimates that slave traders from Tunis, Algiers, and Tripoli brought 1 million to 1.25 million European slaves to North Africa, from the beginning of the 16th century to the middle of the 18th century. He  assumes the number of Europeans enslaved by Barbary pirates remained roughly constant for a 250-year period.

## References
All That Glitters

***All That Glitters*** is an American sitcom that aired in syndication. It ran between April 18 and July 15, 1977. It starred Eileen Brennan, Greg Evigan, Lois Nettleton, Gary Sandy, Tim Thomerson and Jessica Walter.

## Other websites
*
2024 United Kingdom riots

In July and August 2024, attacks occurred in different cities in England and Northern Ireland. The event that caused these attacks was an attack on a children's dance class, where three children were killed, and several injured. This attack happened on 29 July in the town of Southport.

On 30 July 2024, a crowd attacked the mosque in Southport. Many people had falsely thought that the attack the day before had been done by a Muslim immigrant. The crowd also attacked police officers, threw objects at the mosque and set a police car on fire. More than fifty police officers were injured. Some of them had serious injuries. On 2 August, riots took place in Sunderland, where a police station was set on fire, three police officers were injured and several people were arrested. In the following days, anti-immigration protesters clashed with police and counterprotesters, attacked immigrant-owned homes and businesses, and attacked hotels housing asylum seekers. From 7 August, anti-racist rallies far outnumbered far-right demonstrators.

The attackers have been described as far-right.

The attacks have been described as being Islamophobic, racially-charged, anti-immigration, and far-right. The fascist National Front party spread wrong information online, and a very well-known member of the neo-Nazi group Patriotic Alternative took part in the riots (violent demonstrations).

## Notes 
## References
Nujum Pak Belalang

***Nujum Pak Belalang*** (English: ***The Fortune-telling of Pak Belalang***) is a 1959 black-and-white comedy movie from Singapore. Directed by and starring P. Ramlee, it is a fairytale based on a Malay folk tale.

## Related pages
* P. Ramlee filmography

## Other websites
* 
*  *Nujum Pak Belalang* / 1959 - Filem Malaysia
Lwów Ghettos

, concentration camps, and death camps. The Lwów ghetto is at the lower right of the map, in the western part of Nazi-occupied Soviet Ukraine.]] 
 
 of the Lwów Ghetto Judenrat, 1942.]]
The **Lwów ghetto** was a specific area in Lwów, Ukraine where the Nazis forced Jews to live during the Holocaust. Jews were not allowed to live outside of these areas. 

The Nazis established the ghetto in 1941 and  it in 1943. ("Liquidation" meant deporting all of the ghetto's residents to concentration camps or killing them.)

## History 
In 1941, there was a series of pogroms towards Jews and violent riots in Lwów. Almost 7,000 Jewish people were killed during this period. The Nazis forced Jewish men to live in barracks in Lwów and to do forced labor. Then they executed the men by shooting them.

A little more than 5,000 Jews survived the pogroms and riots. The Nazis forced them to live in the Lwów Ghetto.

### Liquidation 
In late 1941, the Nazis opened the Janowska concentration camp and began liquidating the Lwów ghetto. They began sending Jews who could work to Janowska to do forced labor. Meanwhile, they sent weak, very young, and elderly people to Bełżec extermination camp, where they were murdered in gas chambers. They executed many of the ghetto's Jewish leaders (like the *Judenrat*) by hanging in early September 1942. 

By early June 1943, almost all of the Jews in the ghetto were gone. Around 823 survived in concentration camps or by escaping the ghetto.

Lwów was liberated on 27 July 1944 by the Soviet Bolshevik Red Army. At that time, it had been occupied by the fascist Nazi government for three years.

## Related pages and/or articles 
* Rubzewitz Ghetto
* Kraków Ghetto
* Warsaw Ghetto
* Theresienstadt ghetto and concentration camp
* Ghettos in Europe during the Holocaust
Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)

***Battlestar Galactica*** is an American science fiction television series created by Glen A. Larson. It was originally broadcast from September 17, 1978 to April 29, 1979 on ABC.

## Other websites
*
San Marino Football Federation

The **San Marino Football Federation** (; **FSGC**) is the governing body of football in San Marino. The association was founded in 1931. It organizes the football league Campionato Sammarinese and the San Marino national football team. It is headquartered in the city of San Marino. In 1988, they became a part of FIFA and UEFA.

## Other websites 
* Official website 
* San Marino at FIFA site
* San Marino at UEFA site
Rustenburg

**Rustenburg** (Afrikaans and Dutch: *City of Rest*) is a city in North West province, South Africa. It is at the foot of the Magaliesberg mountain range. In 2011, 549,575 people lived there, which makes it the largest city in North West province by population. It has a football stadium called Royal Bafokeng Stadium.

Rustenburg was founded in 1851, as an administrative centre for an farming area that grows citrus fruit, tobacco, peanuts, sunflower seeds, corn and wheat. Platinum mining starts in 1929, which was discovered by Hans Merensky.
Ludogorets Arena

**Ludogorets Arena** () is a football stadium in Razgrad, Bulgaria and is the home stadium of Ludogorets Razgrad. It has a capacity of 10,423. The stadium was opened on 25 September 2011. In 2019, the stadium's name was changed to **Huvepharma Arena** ().

## Other websites 
* Official website
Hyloxalus fuliginosus

The **Quijos rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus fuliginosus*) is a frog.  It lives in  Ecuador. Scientists think it could also live in Venezuela and Colombia.

## Body
The adult male frog is  23.6–24.3 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 27.8–32.5 long.  The skin of the frog's back is dark green-brown in color. There is a line down each side of the body. The frog's belly is very dark in color with tiny white spots. The male frogs and female frogs have different colors on their bellies: the male frogs have gray chests and female frogs have cream-white chests with or gray spots. The male frog's male organs are white in color.

## Home
People see this frog in cloud forests. People see them during the day under rocks and logs. People have seen this frog between 572 and 1926 meters above sea level.

One of the places this frog lives is a protected parks: Parque Nacional Cayambe Coca.

## Young
Scientists think this frog's tadpoles swim in streams.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out because it lives in a small place. They think people cut down trees to build farms and make places for cows to eat grass. Bad chemicals in the water can kill this frog. Other animals that humans brought to the frog's home by mistake can also hurt this frog.

## References
Flo (TV series)

***Flo*** is an American sitcom television series and a spin-off series of *Alice*, that aired on CBS from March 24, 1980, to June 30, 1981.

The series starred Polly Holliday reprising her role as sassy and street-smart waitress Florence Jean "Flo" Castleberry who returns to her hometown of Fort Worth, Texas—referred to as "Cowtown"—and becomes the proprietor of a rundown old roadhouse that she renames "Flo's Yellow Rose". Although the series started strong—in the Top 10 during its short first season run—repeated timeslot changes resulted in it falling out of the Top 40 shows by mid-March 1981. It was subsequently not renewed when CBS announced its 1981 fall lineup at the May upfronts.

## Other websites
*
Green Line (Israel)

The **Green Line**, or **1949 Armistice border**, was the armistice line of the State of Israel with Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, as said in the armistice agreements signed in 1949, after the 1947-1949 Palestine War. Its name was given because on the printed maps before the Six Day War, it was marked in green. Other nicknames for the green line are "June 4, 1967 borders", "'67 borders" and "48 borders".

On the official map of the State of Israel, decided by the Ministerial Committee for Security Affairs of the Government of Israel in October 1967, based on the ceasefire lines of the Six Day War, the green line is not marked.

Israel's borders before 1967 reflected the deployment of Israeli and Arab forces following the armistice agreements after the War of Independence and the changes that took place in the early 1950s. Officially it was not a border line but the line of separation of forces between Israel and its neighbors.

Most parts of the Green Line today serve as an administrative border between the territories over which Israel's sovereignty applies, and territories administered by it through a military government or according to agreements with the Palestinian Authority. For example, in the cooperation agreement signed between the Magen David Adom organization and its counterpart the Palestinian Red Crescent in December 2005, it was determined that the green line would define the border between the organizations' geographical areas of activity.

## Green Line's Form 
The Green Line encompassed 78% of Mandatory Palestine which, starting in 1922, no longer included the eastern part of the Jordan. It more or less overlapped the border of the mandate area with Syria and Lebanon, most of the border with Egypt, and the border with Jordan in the Arava and Tirat Zvi to Hamat Geder. A large part of the mountain area in the center of the country was occupied by Jordan in 1948. This area was annexed by Jordan and called the "West Bank" (Arabic: دِفة الغربية), that is, the area west of the Jordan River, to distinguish it from the rest of the Kingdom of Jordan at the time, which was located east of the Jordan River. In Israel the area is called "Judea and Samaria". A narrow strip along the southern coastal plain came under Egyptian military control, and was called the "Gaza Strip" (Arabic: قصر غزة).

## References
The Fall Guy

***The Fall Guy*** is an American television science fiction series. It was created by Glen A. Larson. It was first broadcast from November 4, 1981 to May 2, 1986 on NBC.

## Other websites
*
Sexual violence during the Holocaust

**Sexual violence during the Holocaust** was common. The Nazis and their allies (like Hungarian, Romanian, Italian and local collaborators) committed widespread sexual violence towards men and women during the Holocaust. This was one method they used to commit genocide against the Jewish people. 

Sexual violence towards people in concentration camps was very widespread. Common methods of violence included sexual assault, trafficking, humiliation, strip searches, invasive examinations, forced sterilizations, medical experimentation, pregnancy from rape, and forced abortions.

Inside and outside of concentration camps, some women performed sexual acts or worked as prostitutes in order to survive. Because they were committed to ensure survival, these acts were not consensual.

## Origins 
Many factors drove sexual violence during the Holocaust. These factors included: Jewish women were particularly targeted for sterilization efforts to prevent them from reproducing with Germans. Evidence suggests that mass sterilization of Jewish women occurred in concentration camps, leading to long-lasting health implications.

## Violence in concentration camps 
### Violence against women in concentration camps 
Women in concentration camps often faced sexual violence. Pregnancy was often punished by death or forced abortion. Some women were subjected to excruciating medical experiments on their reproductive organs without anesthesia. In the camps, women endured filth, forced labor, and starvation. 

The Nazis established brothels in some of the concentration and extermination camps. There, some women were forced to work as "camp whores" in exchange for survival. The brothels were meant for Nazi officers, but were also used as a "reward" for camp leaders and forced laborers. In some camps, gay men were forced to visit the brothels in an attempt to "cure" them of their homosexuality. Women working in the brothels faced threats, beatings, and rape, and most were eventually killed. 

### Violence against men in concentration camps 
Men in concentration camps also experienced sexual violence, including castration, sterilization, forced examinations, forced shaving, sexual taunting, and rape. Like women, men were subjected to medical experiments on their reproductive organs. Their experiences have been under-researched and concealed due to social, cultural, and religious expectations. 

## Erasure and stigma 
Due to trauma and stigma, survivors often faced difficulties in sharing their experiences. As a result, sexual violence is under-reported in Holocaust narratives. Many survivors did not share their stories immediately after the war, and media representations often downplayed the extent of sexual violence during the Holocaust.

Research on sexual violence during the Holocaust is challenging because the topic is taboo. As a result, survivors' voices are erased and history does not accurately reflect the role sexual violence played in the Holocaust.

## References
Political parties and groups in Alaska

In **Alaska**, there are four **political parties**, three **limited political parties**, and nine **political groups**. Each of them is recognized by the government of Alaska.

## List of Recognized Political Parties 
Recognized Political Parties in Alaska have ballot access in all elections. There are four of them.

## List of Limited Political Parties 
Limited Political Parties in Alaska have ballot access in only elections for President. There are three of them.

## List of Political Groups 
Political Groups in Alaska do not have ballot access. They are just groups of people the goverment registers. There are nine of them.

## Parties trying to become official 
Besides the parties and groups listed above, a few parties are trying to become official in Alaska: 

## References
ASK Voitsberg

The **Arbeiter Sport-Klub Voitsberg** is an Austrian football club from Voitsberg in Styria. The club plays  in the 2nd league. The club colors are white and black.
## History 
The ASK Voitsberg was founded in 1921 with the football and boxing sections. Till 1938 the club played in various regional Styrian classes. In the years from 1938 to 1945 the club was renamed from ASK Voitsberg to Grün-Weiß-Krems by the National Socialists. 1945 Grün-Weiß-Krems became ASK Voitsberg again and the boxing section dissolved.

In the 1950-51 season ASK entered the Styrian regional league for the first time. In 1962 the club was promoted to the second highest league in Austria, the Regionalliga, for the first time. After only one year they were relegated. In 1967 the comeback in the regional league took place, which lasted for four seasons until 1971. 1983 they returned to the second division for the last time. Due to a reform of the 2nd division, Voitsberg was relegated again although the reached the ninth place (1984/1985).

They were promoted again in 1994 and remained in the Regional League Central until relegation in 2007. They were able to equalize the relegation  with the sovereign championship title in the regional league (15 points ahead of the second place in the table) and played in the Regionalliga Mitte in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 and again in the Landesliga Steiermark from 2011/2012.

In the 2022/2023 season Voitsberg reached  6th championship title in the Styrian league (after 1962, 1967, 1982, 1983 and 2008) and played in the Regionalliga Mitte in 2023/24. In this they became champions again. Voitsberg returned to the 2nd league in 2024 after 39 years. Voitsberg only stayed for one season. The Styrians were relegated directly back  Regionalliga Mitte as 14th team of the 2.league.

## Current squad 
*As of 6 February 2026.*

## Coaching staff 
## References
Hampden, New Zealand

**Hampden** is a small town in North Otago, New Zealand. It is located on State Highway 1 and is 35 kilometers south of Oamaru and 80 kilometers north of Dunedin. It has a primary school with rectangular grid system and has streets named after English countries.

## References
If You're Reading This It's Too Late

'''''If You're Reading This It's Too Late'''* is the fourth mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake. *If You're Reading This It's Too Late'' was released on February 13, 2015.

The album was first hinted at in November 2014 by then-Toronto Raptor DeMar DeRozan. The songs "Know Yourself" and "Jungle" were both briefly played in Drake's short movie *Jungle*.

The mixtape did not have any official release date announcement beforehand and was dropped as a surprise.

The album debuted at #1 on the *Billboard* 200, selling 535,000 album-equivalent units. ''If You're Reading This It's Too Late'' would be certified 4× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

The album features the singles "Preach" which was released on March 29, 2015 and "Energy" on July 10, 2015.

## Songs
## References
Lilith (Marvel Comics)

**Lilith** is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first version is the daughter of Dracula. The second version is a demon. 

## Fictional character biography 
She is a degenerated goddess loosely based on the villain of biblical lore. She is the self-proclaimed "Mother Of All Demons" in a similar manner to how Echidna is labelled the "Mother Of All Monsters" in Greek mythology. She is the main antagonist of the *Midnight Sons* series.

## In other media 
The character has appeared in toys, and video games. Dracula's daughter will be portrayed by Mia Goth in the upcoming Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movie *Blade*.
Dracula (Marvel Comics)

**Dracula** is one of the main antagonists of Marvel Comics. He is Marvel's incarnation of the legendary lord of all vampires by author Bram Stoker, changed somewhat so as to fit in with the super-heroic themes of Marvel.

He was notable for being the titular protagonist of *Tomb of Dracula* and *Dracula Lives* and the main antagonist of the *Blade* franchise.

He is usually the main villain of vampire related and supernatural characters stories and one of the arch-enemies of Blade as well as a foe for the Avengers, Midnight Sons and X-Men, and other villains like Doctor Doom and Apocalypse.

## Other websites 
* [Dracula (Marvel)](https://villains.fandom.com/wiki/Dracula_(Marvel))
Malaysian Chinese Association

The **Malaysian Chinese Association** (MCA) is a political party in Malaysia. It was founded in 1949 to represent the Chinese community in the country. The MCA is part of the Barisan Nasional coalition, which ruled Malaysia for many years. The party focuses on issues important to the Chinese community, such as education, economy, and cultural preservation.

In the 2018 Malaysian general election, the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) suffered a historic defeat, winning only one seat in Parliament. This was the worst performance in the party's history. Since then, MCA has been trying to rebuild and regain its influence but faces many challenges.

## Presidents
#Tan Cheng Lock (1949-1958)
#Lim Chong Eu (1958-1959)
#Cheah Toon Lok (acting)  (1959-1961)
#Tan Siew Sin (1961-1974)
#Lee San Choon (1974-1983)
#Neo Yee Pan (acting)  (1983-1985)
#Tan Koon Swan (1985-1986)
#Ling Liong Sik (1986-2003)
#Ong Ka Ting (2003-2008)
#Ong Tee Keat (2008-2010)
#Chua Soi Lek (2010-2013)
#Liow Tiong Lai (2013-2018)
#Wee Ka Siong (2018-)
Locke Craig

**Locke Craig** was an American Democratic politician who was governor of North Carolina from 1913 to 1917. During his administration, numerous reforms were carried out such as the establishment of state-supported health and welfare institutions. According to one biography, his administration "was in general prosperous and progressive, continuing the reforms begun under predecessors Aycock, Glenn, and Kitchin."

## References
Primal Fear (novel)

***Primal Fear*** is a 1993 American thriller novel by William Diehl. It was adapted into a 1996  film of the same name, starring Richard Gere and Edward Norton.

The novel is about an alter boy Aaron Stampler who is accused of the murder of the archbishop, and his defending lawyer Martin Vail.

The characters Stampler and Vail appear in two other novels by author Diehl, Show of Evil and Rain in Hell.

## Plot 
Martin Vail, a lawyer of "bad-boy" fame, is defending Aaron Stampler, who is seen standing with a bloody knife when the Archbishop was murdered. Knowing he would lose, Vail used his unorthodox skills to take legal advantage.

## Characters 
* Martin Vail
* Aaron Stampler
* Archbishop Richard Bernard Rushman
* Lieutenant Abel Steiner
* Dr. Molly Errington

## Reference
Fabian Thylmann

**Fabian Thylmann** (born June 5, 1978, in Aachen) is a German entrepreneur. He got well-known, because he started in the porn business. From 2010, he has been at the head of Aylo (formerly Manwin), in Luxembourg. Aylo runs different porn sites, amongst others, YouPorn. In 2013, Thylmann sold Manwin and stepped down from his post. 

Today, he runs a club and a restaurant in Cologne, amongst others.
Napoleon Broward

**Napoleon Bonaparte Broward** (April 19, 1857 – October 1, 1910) was an American river pilot, captain, and politician. He was the 19th governor of the U.S. state of Florida.  He was governor from January 3, 1905, to January 5, 1909. He made a plan to take water out of the Everglades.  This gave the state more land for farming. As governor, he work with the federal government to get money for this plan. In 1915, Broward County was named for him.

Before being governor, Broward was the sheriff of Duval County, Florida and was in the Florida House of Representatives. He was part of the Straightouts, Populist part of the Democratic Party in the state.

One study said that Napoleon started "the 'Broward Era' of liberal, or 'progressive,' government." That era continued with Albert W. Gilchrist and Park Trammell who were the governors of Florida after him."

## References
Rakhine Yoma Elephant Range

**Rakhine Yoma Elephant Range** is a place in Myanmar that is a home for Asian elephants (*Elephas maximus*). People are not allowed to build things or hurt animals. It is in Rakhine Yoma mountains. It is about  in size. Most of the land in the range is forest with evergreen trees and some trees with wide leaves. The range is from  above sea level.

Even though the range was made for elephants, many other plants and animals live there. The range has many bamboo plants  (*Melocanna baccifera*), and the endangered Arakan forest turtle (*Heosemys depressa*) lives in the bamboo.

In 2000, people put up a camera to look at the animals.  They saw large Indian civet (*Viverra zibetha*), clouded leopard (*Neofelis nebulosa*), Asiatic golden cat (*Catopuma temminckii*), and leopard cat (*Prionailurus bengalensis*).

In 2001, people saw *Bufo crocus* was discovered near a stream  above sea level. In 2001, people saw bent-toed geckos *Cyrtodactylus ayeyarwadyensis* and *Cyrtodactylus wakeorum*. No scientists had written about seeing them before. Scientists wrote the first paper about them in 2003. People saw western hoolock gibbon (*Hoolock hoolock*) in 2008. People also saw gaur (*Bos gaurus*), sun bear (*Helarctos malayanus*), white-rumped vulture (*Gyps bengalensis*), pale-capped pigeon (*Columba punicea*), white-winged duck (*Asarcornis scutulata*) and beautiful nuthatch (*Sitta formosa*).

## References
Hyloxalus pulchellus

The **Faldas rocket frog**, **Rio Cosanga rocket frog**, or '''Espada's rocket frog'* (*Hyloxalus pulchellus'') is a frog.  It lives in  Ecuador and Colombia.

## Body
The adult male frog is 17.3–21.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 19.6–24.4 long.  There is a line down each side of the body starting at the eye. There are marks on the chest. There are white marks on the belly. The male frog's male organs are white in color.

## Home
This frog lives on the ground in forests with much water in the air and in forests with only a little water in the air. People see it near streams if there are big plants nearby. They do not see it in places with only grass or rocks. It lives on the ground. People have seen this frog between 1590 and 2970  meters above sea level.

Many of the places this frog lives are protected parks: Parque Nacional Sumaco Napo-Galeras, Reserva Ecológica Antisana, Parque Nacional Llanganates, Reserva Ecológica Cayambe-Coca, Bosque Protector Sierra Azul, and more in Colombia.

## Young
Scientists have seen male frogs carrying tadpoles on their backs.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is almost in danger of dying out because people change the places where it lives.  They build farms, get wood to build with, and make places for people to live. Fish that humans brought to the area can also harm this frog. Many frogs died in the 1990s but scientists do not know why. They think it might have been climate change or the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.

## References
Hail, Pennsylvania!

"**Hail Pennsylvania!**" was the former regional anthem of Pennsylvania. It was written by Edgar M. Dilley, a student of the University of Pennsylvania's class of 1897. It was part of a contest to write a song to the melody of "God Save the Tsar!", the Russian anthem at the time. Dilley was paid 25 dollars for making it. To this day, the song is the anthem of Scranton, Pennsylvania, despite it not being the state song since 1990.

## Lyrics 
: Hail! Pennsylvania!
: Noble and strong;
: To thee with loyal hearts,
: We raise our song.
: Swelling to Heaven loud,
: Our praises ring;
: Hail! Pennsylvania,
: Of thee we sing!

: Majesty as a crown
: Rests on thy brow;
: Pride, Honor, Glory, Love,
: Before thee bow.
: Ne'er can thy spirit die,
: Thy walls decay;
: Hail! Pennsylvania,
: For thee we pray!

: Hail! Pennsylvania!
: Guide of our youth;
: Lead thou thy children on
: To light and truth;
: Thee, when death summons us,
: Others shall praise,
: Hail! Pennsylvania,
: Thro' endless days!

## References
Utah...This Is the Place

"**Utah...This Is the Place**" is the regional anthem of the U.S. state of Utah. It was written in 1996, and was adopted as the anthem in 2003, replacing "Utah, We Love Thee". The song was made public domain when it was made the anthem of Utah by the composers, Sam and Gary Francis.

## References
U.S. Route 52

**U.S. Route 52** (**US&nbsp;52**) is a U.S. highway in Central United States that travels from the northern to southeastern region of the United States. Unlike to most other even-numbered U.S. Highways, US&nbsp;52 usually follows a northwest–southeast route, and is signed north–south or east–west depending on the state you are on the route. Example: If you drive on Illinois it will be signed as east-west, but if you drive on Virginia it will be signed as north-south. The highway northwestern end is in Portal, North Dakota at the Canada–United States border, where it continues as Saskatchewan Highway 39. The highway southeastern end is in Charleston, South Carolina. In US 52, the highway goes with several cities and towns like Minot, North Dakota or Mount Airy, North Carolina. In Ohio and West Virginia, US 52 follows along the Kentucky border. In South Carolina, despite the highway travels from north-south, it is signed as east-west.

## Cities along the highway
*Minot, North Dakota
*Fargo, North Dakota
*St. Cloud, Minnesota
*Minneapolis-Saint Paul
*Rochester, Minnesota
*Chicago
*Lafayette, Indiana
*Indianapolis
*Cincinnati
*Mount Airy, North Carolina
*Winston-Salem, North Carolina
*Florence, South Carolina
*Charleston, South Carolina

## Direction of the highway
East-West: North Dakota, Illinois, Indiana?, Ohio, South Carolina

North-South: Minnesota, Iowa, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina
August Burns Red

**August Burns Red** is an American metalcore band formed in 2003.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Thrill Seeker* (2005)
* *Messengers* (2007)
* *Constellations* (2009)
* *Leveler* (2011)
* ''August Burns Red Presents: Sleddin' Hill* (2012)
* *Rescue & Restore* (2013)
* *Found in Far Away Places* (2015)
* *Phantom Anthem* (2017)
* *Guardians* (2020)
* *Death Below'' (2023)

## Musical style
August Burns Red is primarily known as a metalcore or melodic metalcore band. They have also been described as progressive metalcore and Christian metalcore. The band has also experimented with progressive metal over the years.

## References
Kurow

**Kurow** is a small town in the Waitaki District, South Canterbury. It is located 60 kilometers northwest of Oamaru and has State Highway 82 and State Highway 83 running through the town. It has a primary school and is home to rugby legends Richie McCaw and Charlie Saxton.

## References
Waikouaiti

**Waikouaiti** is a small town in East Otago, New Zealand. It is located 40 kilometers northwest of Dunedin on State Highway 1. It has a primary school and with shops situated on the main highway. It was originally settled by Maoris. 

## References
The Carol Burnett Show

***The Carol Burnett Show*** is an American television sitcom created by Carol Burnett. It originally aired from September 11, 1967 to March 29, 1978 on CBS.

## Other websites
*
EA Sports College Football 25

***EA Sports College Football 25*** is a college football video game. It was published by EA Sports and was developed by EA Orlando. It is the first NCAA college football released since *NCAA Football 14* on July 9, 2013.

It was released on July 19, 2024 for the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S. Michigan running back Donovan Edwards, Texas quarterback Quinn Ewers, and Colorado wide receiver/defensive back Travis Hunter were revealed as the cover athletes the same day.

EA announced that some players likeness would be used in the game and they would be paid $600 for it. This came after a ruling by the United States Supreme Court which allowed players to be compensated for their likeness.

## Reception
The game recieved positive reviews by game critics. Critics said that they liked the gameplay, recruiting, atmosphere of the stadiums and crowds, and Dynasty mode. However, critics also felt that some game modes like Road to Glory did not have enough time put into it and some of the playcalling was limited in the career mode.

## References
## Other websites
*
Christian Zawieschitzky

**Christian Zawieschitzky** (born May 2, 2007 in Kufstein) is an Austrian football goalkeeper. He plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He also played for FC Salzburg U19 in the UEFA Youth League.

## Career 
Zawieschitzky began his career at FC Kufstein. In December 2016 he moved to FC Wacker Innsbruck. For the 2020/21 season he moved to the FC Red Bull Salzburg academy. There he then went through all age levels. In October 2023 he was in the squad of FC Liefering for the first time, but he did not play for Liefering in the 2023/24 season.

For the 2024/25 season Zawieschitzky moved up to the Lieferinger squad.  He made his debut in the 2nd league in August 2024 when he was in the starting line-up on the first matchday of that season against First Vienna FC.  In November 2024 he was in Salzburg's Bundesliga squad for the first time against TSV Hartberg.

Due to Alexander Schlager's injury, he played all three games in goal for Salzburg during the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup. Here he made his debut for the Salzburg professionals against CF Pachuca. He made his Bundesliga debut on 2 November  2025 in the 12th round against SV Ried. 
## International 
Zawieschitzky played for an Austrian youth national team for the first time in April 2022. In 2024 he took part in the European Championships with the U-17 team. He made his debut in the U-18 team in October 2024. In June 2025, he then played his first match for the U-21 team against Hungary.

## References
2015 European Heatwaves

In July and August of 2015, many heatwaves affected Europe, bringing heat records to multiple countries.

## July heatwaves 
In early-July Western European countries experienced extremely high temperatures.

In the south of the United Kingdom temperatures soared to above , on 1 July a temperature of  was measured at Heathrow Airport, setting a British heat record for the month of July.

In Germany a heat record was broken when the temperature reached  on 5 July in Kitzingen.

Also Belgium and the Netherlands experienced extreme temperatures.
In Belgium the temperature reached  on 2 July in Liège, matching the then heat record set in 1947.
In the Netherlands the temperature reached  on 2 July in Maastricht, this nearly became a heat record, however it was  under the then Dutch heat record set in 1944.

Also Spain, France, Switzerland and Austria recorded higher than usual temperatures.
On 6 July the highest temperature measured during these heatwaves was reached in Córdoba, Spain: .

## August heatwaves 
In early-August more heatwaves took place, these heatwaves especially affected Germany, where the temperature in Kitzingen once again rose to .

## Highest temperature measured per country 
## References
Varun Choudhary

**Varun Choudhary** (born February 6, 1995, in Delhi, India) is an Indian politician who served as the National President of the National Students' Union of India (NSUI), the student wing of the Indian National Congress. He has been involved in student politics and activism, focusing on student rights and social justice.

## Early life and background 
Varun Choudhary was born on February 6, 1995, in Delhi, India. He started his political career as the youngest elected Secretary in the history of the Delhi University Students' Union (DUSU) in 2012.

## Political career 
### National Students' Union of India (NSUI) 
In 2024, Varun Choudhary was appointed as the National President of NSUI.

## Advocacy and movements 
Choudhary has been involved in various student movements in India:
* In 2024, NSUI protested against the rigging of the NEET exam. He also led protests against statements by BJP MP Anant Kumar Hegde regarding changes to the Indian Constitution.

## Recent activities 
* In July 2024, Varun Choudhary spoke against alleged diversion tactics related to a fake degree row involving the ABVP.
* He led NSUI protests at the NTA office regarding the NEET-UG paper leak case.
* He supported AYUSH students' protests.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Varun Choudhary's profile on the official website of the Indian National Congress
1925 in Malaya

Events from the year **1925 in British Malaya**. This year is also the birth year of Mahathir Mohamad, who is Malaysia's longest-serving Prime Minister.

## Events 
*29 June – The Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia is set up.
* July – The British government agrees to stop the Kuomintang in Malaya.
* Unknown date – Toh Allang Chinese Tin Ltd. is the first company in Perak that is owned entirely by Chinese people.
## Births 
*18 February – Abdul Ghafar Baba, former 6th Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia (died 2006)
*10 July – Mahathir Mohamad, former 4th and 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia
*8 August – Aziz Sattar, actor and comedian (died 2014)

## References
Rapid antigen test

A **rapid antigen test (RAT)**, or more commonly known as an **Antigen Test kit**, is a rapid diagnostic test. It can detect and find the presence and absence of antigens. Rapid tests usually give the results in 5 to 30 minutes.

Sometimes these tests give the wrong result (a false positive). For this reason, a test that gives a positive result needs to be confirmed by another test. That test must not be a rapid antigen test.

There are the different rapid antigen test kits, that are made to test for: 
*HIV-1 & HIV-2
* SARS-CoV-2 & COVID-19 Antigen
* Flu A&B 
* RSV
* Rabies Ag 
* Pregnancy test (PT).

## Antigen test kits
; COVID-19 Antigen 

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, The COVID-19 Ag test has been available. When the COVID-19 cases were increasing across the world, the COVID-19 and the SARS-COV2 kits were used to detect the virus. The "C" is for (control), the "T" is for (test), and no results means it is invalid.

; Flu A&B
The Influenza test kits are used for people who are suspected of contracting the flu virus. A swab is taken for samples, like the COVID preemptive measures.

; HIV-AIDS

The HIV/AIDS or HV-2 test is used to detect if a person may be infected with the HIV virus. The blood sample is taken and dropped 3 times into kit.

; Pregnancy test

A pregnancy test (PT) is a kit that shows the possibility of pregnancy by taking a sample of urine. However these tests can be  and show a positive result because of infection (and blood in urine), hormones, or cancer. They might also show up positive for trans (originally male) people.  

; Rabies Ag
When the Rabies endemic began, the test kits antigen for rabies were also available for patients who were possibly infected with the rabies virus.

## Related pages
* Vaccine
* Wilderness, Concerts and festivals

## References
Twisters (movie)

***Twisters*** is a 2024 American disaster movie directed by Lee Isaac Chung. It is based on a story by Joseph Kosinski. It is a standalone sequel to *Twister* (1996). 

The movie stars Daisy Edgar-Jones, Glen Powell, Anthony Ramos,Choya Partridge,
Brandon Perea, Maura Tierney, and Sasha Lane. 

*Twisters* was released internationally by Warner Bros. Pictures on July 10, 2024 and in the United States by Universal Pictures on July 19. The movie received generally positive reviews from critics.

## References
Cygnus NG-21

***NG-21*** is the twenty-first flight of the **Cygnus**, an expendable American cargo spacecraft used for International Space Station (ISS) logistics missions. It launched on 4 August 2024. 

NG-21 is the tenth Cygnus mission operated by Northrop Grumman under a contract with NASA. 

## History 
Cygnus was developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation and partially funded by NASA. The NG-21 spacecraft is an Enhanced Cygnus, named the S.S. Francis R. "Dick" Scobee in honor of the NASA astronaut who died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

### Replacement of Antares 230+ rockets 
NG-21 is the second launch of a Cygnus spacecraft after Northrop Grumman ran out of its Antares 230+ rockets. The Antares used a Russian-built engine and Ukrainian-built first stage, and production ceased after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. 

In response, Northrop Grumman began planning to use its next-generation Antares 300 rocket, which does not depend on Ukrainian or Russian parts, to fly NG-23. In the meantime, the company contracted with its CRS competitor SpaceX to launch NG-20, 21 and 22 using its Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket.

## Development 
To create Cygnus, Orbital paired the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, built by Thales Alenia Space and previously used by the Space Shuttle for ISS logistics, with a service module based on Orbital's GEOStar, a satellite bus. The larger Enhanced Cygnus was introduced in 2015. 

Orbital Sciences was renamed Orbital ATK in 2015. Northrop Grumman purchased Orbital in 2018 and has continued to operate Cygnus missions.

## Production and operations 
Cygnus spacecraft are produced and put together in Dulles, Virginia. Once it arrives at the launch site, the Cygnus service module is paired with the pressurized cargo module. NG-21 was the sixteenth flight of the Enhanced-sized Cygnus Pressurized Cargo Module.

Mission operations are conducted from control centers in Dulles, Virginia and Houston, Texas.
Maika Monroe

**Maika Monroe** (born **Dillon Monroe Buckley**; born May 29, 1993) is an American actress. She was born in Santa Barbara, California. Her first well known role was in *It Follows* (2014). 

Monroe later appeared in *The Guest* (2014), *Tau* (2018), *Greta* (2018) and *Watcher* (2022), and the horror movies *Significant Other* (2022) and *Longlegs* (2024).

## References
## Other websites
*