open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Floorball

**Floorball** is an indoor team sport similar to hockey. Floorball is usually played in gyms with little plastic balls and special hockey sticks. In floorball, there are five players with sticks, and a goalkeeper without any equipment except for a special jersey and helmet.

The origin of floorball is disputed, with Sweden, Canada, and the USA all claiming to have invented the sport. Regardless, floorball has been most popular in Sweden since the 1970s. Its popularity quickly spread to Finland and Switzerland, but with different rules. For example, in Switzerland, a goalkeeper uses a stick.  In 1986, the International Floorball Federation (IFF) was created and rules became the same.

Floorball is played in a gym on an area of 40x20 meters bordered by boards 50 centimeters high. The formations are very similar to ice hockey. Both teams play with 3 attackers, 2 defenders, and a goalkeeper. In adult games, Floorball is usually played in 3 20 minute sessions with 15 minute breaks, while the time varies in junior matches. Floorball is a contact sport, but the contact is limited. The goalkeeper is not allowed to use a stick, but can handle the ball with their body. The field players cannot hit the ball with their hands or head, and they cannot jump. The goalkeeper can hit the ball with every part of their body and can hold it for 3 seconds. In floorball, a player can be excluded for 2 minutes when they break the rules.

Currently, the strongest leagues are located in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic.

The IFF organizes world championships in floorball. Every year they are in a different country, alternating between the men's and the women's tournaments.

## Other websites
Náchod

**Náchod** is a town with about 20 thousand people. It is in the northeastern part of the Hradec Králové Region in Czech Republic. It is situated on the river Metuje. The whole region is full of natural beauty, historical monuments and cultural places.

## History
Náchod was founded in the middle of 13th century by a knight Hron. He built a castle there because it was a good strategic place because of local trade road to Poland. The first written note goes back to 1254.

The most famous sight in Náchod is its castle. It was built in the 13th century and during centuries was rebuilt several times in final Renaissance style. Around the castle are the Piccolomini garden, the English park and bears called Ludvík and Dáša who live in a castle's moat. The castle has been an important cultural centre since the end of the 18th century. 

Náchod is the birthplace of many well-known people. There were born for example an architect Jan Letzel, an actress Libuše Skořepová called Luba Skořepová, a writer, translator and publisher Josef Škvorecký, a writer Václav Erben who become famous for his detective stories with captain Exner, a diver Martin Štěpánek and a moderator Richard Samko.

## Sights
In addition to the castle, there are other interesting places to visit.
* a square with St. Laurence's church and hotel and theatre Beránek
* the old city hall
* the new city hall
* the city museum

About 4 kilometres away is the stronghold Dobrošov which was one of the most important defences of Czechoslovakian fortification.

## Industry
In past, there was a lot of cotton industry. Nowadays there are only a few factories - the rubber factory Rubena and factories producing electric motors Ametek and Atas.

Náchod town has a brewery which makes Primátor brand. The brewery was built in 1872. It got several prizes in last 10 years. However, the brewery was sold on 23 February 2009.
Prime Minister of Azerbaijan

The **Prime Minister of Azerbaijan** is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The President of Azerbaijan chooses the Prime Minister. The office of President has more powers than the office of Prime Minister. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.

## List of Heads of Government of Azerbaijan (1918-Present)
### Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918-1920)
#### Prime Ministers
* Fath Ali Khan Khoyski (28 May 1918 - 14 April 1919)
* Nasib Yusifbeyli (14 April 1919 - 1 April 1920)

### Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1922-1936) and Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-1991)
#### Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
* Nariman Narimanov (May 1921 - April 1922)  
* Gazanfar Musabekov (April 1922 - October 1928)
* Dadash Bunyadzade (October 1928 - February 1932)
* Mir Jafar Baghirov (February 1932 - December 1933)
* Huseyn Rahmanov (December 1933 - June 1937)
* Teymur Guliyev (June 1937 - 15 March 1946)

#### Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
* Teymur Guliyev (15 March 1946 - April 1953) (1st time)
* Mir Jafar Baghirov (April - 7 July 1953)
* Teymur Guliyev (July 1953 - 1 March 1954) (2nd time)
* Sadykh Rahimov (1 March 1954 - 8 July 1958)
* Vali Akhundov (8 July 1958 - 10 July 1959)
* Mammad Iskenderov (10 July 1959 - 29 December 1961)
* Anvar Alikhanov (29 December 1961 - 10 April 1970)
* Ali Ibrahimov (10 April 1970 - 22 January 1981)
* Hasan Seyidov (22 January 1981 - 27 January 1989)
* Ayaz Mutallibov (27 January 1989 - 25 January 1990)
* Hasan Hasanov (25 January 1990 - 7 February 1991)

### Republic of Azerbaijan (1991-Present)
## Related pages
* President of Azerbaijan
* National Assembly of Azerbaijan
* List of political parties in Azerbaijan

## References
Ōita Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Kyūshū region of Japan on the island of Kyūshū.  The capital city is Ōita. Ōita is well known in Japan for its many hot springs.

## History 
In the 6th century, one of the regions of Kyushu was divided into  Bungo Province and Buzen Province.

After the Meiji Restoration, districts from Bungo and  Buzen provinces were combined to form Ōita Prefecture.

### Timeline
* **1184** (*Juei 3*):  Usa Shrine was destroyed by fire in Gempei War.
* **November 19, 1274** (''Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month''): Battle of Bun'ei
* **August 15, 1281** (*Kōan 4, 30th day of the 7th month*): Battle of Kōan
* **2002** (*Heisei 15*): FIFA World Cup in Ōita

## Shrines and Temples
*Sasamuta-jinja*, *Usa-jinjū* and *Yusuhara Hachiman-gū* are the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) in the prefecture.

Fukiji Temple has the oldest wooden structure in Kyushu.

The Usuki Buddhas include 60+ cliff carvings from Heian period.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Oita Trinita

## References
## Other websites 
*http://www.pref.oita.jp/english/index.html , [http://www.pref.oita.jp/ ]
*O-net Magazine 
*Oita International Wheelchair Marathon Site
Gaslighting

from the 1944 movie *Gaslight*]]

**Gaslighting** is slang for "making someone question their own reality".

A "gaslighter" is a person who uses words and sometimes tricks to make others unsure of what is real and what is not real. This can be very upsetting. 

Gaslighting is only possible when the victim is a vulnerable person - for example, when the gaslighter is a powerful person, or if the victim fears that not believing the gaslighter will bring them grief. Sometimes, people don't know they are gaslighting others.

The term "gaslighting" comes from a play that was first performed in 1938 and made into a movie in 1944. The movie was called *Gaslight*, and it was a story about a husband who tries to make his wife believe that she is going crazy by constantly dimming the gas lights in their home, while telling her that they were just as bright as usual. 

Nowadays gaslighting is used to describe a type of psychological abuse where the abuser makes their victim doubt their own sanity. This manipulative abuse ranges from subtle tactics such as contradicting everything the victim says, to more aggressive tactics like outright lies. The result is a total destruction of the victim's trust in their own ability to recognise reality.

## References
Gigantism

**Gigantism**,  also known as **giantism**, is a condition when growth and height are much above average.  Overactivity of growth hormone during childhood causes this condition in humans. The growth hormone is one of the hormones that is released from the interior pituitary gland. If a person has been exposed to very high level of growth hormones before their growth plates have merged during childhood for example, this can be lead to the condition of gigantism. 

## Related pages
*Acromegaly
*Deep-sea gigantism
*Growth hormone
*Island gigantism
*Marfan Syndrome
*Dwarfism

## References
Patrick Murphy (giant)

**Patrick Murphy** (1834–1862) was an Irish giant, born in County Down from parents James Murphy and mother Peggy (née Cunningham), who put himself in a show as a way of making money. He originally worked on the docks in Liverpool, England and, after that, became a waiter at a hotel. Because he was so tall, Murphy attracted crowds everywhere he went. He eventually decided that he could make a living being tall. He always spoke of himself as being 8'10" and in some circles as much as 9'3". In about 1860, he was measured by a Dr. Virchow as being 7'3.4" (222&nbsp;cm) tall.

In May 1857 the Emperor and Empress of Austria invited the tall Irishman to visit their kingdom.  While he was on tour throughout Europe, he died of smallpox in Marseille at the age of twenty-eight.

## References
Patrick Murphy (pilot)

**Patrick Murphy** was an Irish pilot who mistakenly bombed the border town of Naco, Arizona. Not much is known about his personal life. 

## Bombing of Naco, Arizona
Murphy owned an airplane around the time of the Cristero War in Mexico against the anti-Catholic government of Emilio Portes Gil. Murphy decided to help the rebels by using his plane to bomb the government-controlled town of Naco, Sonora. He tried many times between March 31 and April 6 to bomb Naco but also accidentally, bombed the Arizona border town with the same name. He destroyed some buildings and a car. United States soldiers eventually came to his house and took away his plane. Murphy escaped to rebel territory in Mexico but returned to the United States and was jailed for a little while.

## Legacy
Murphy became the first person working for another country to ever bomb the mainland United States. Singer Dolan Ellis honored Murphy in one of his songs on his  "Tall Tales, Lost Trails & Heroes" album.

## References
Patrick Murphy (Irish Politician)

**Patrick Stephen Murphy** (13 May 1889 – 1 May 1968) was an Irish politician. He was first elected to the lower house of the parliament of Ireland (Dáil Éireann) in 1932. He was a member of the Fianna Fáil political party. He was the member of parliament (Teachta Dála or TD) for the Cork East constituency.

## References
Oppidum

An **oppidum** (plural: *oppida*) is a large fortified Iron Age settlement. 

In the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, oppida were in all parts of Europe. They continued until the Romans conquered Southern and Western Europe. In Germania, north of the rivers Danube and Rhine, oppida were used into the 1st century AD.

Julius Caesar called the larger Celtic Iron Age settlements he found in Gaul *oppida*. The word is now used to describe the large pre-Roman towns that existed across Western and Central Europe. 

## Features 
Many oppida grew from hill forts, but not all of them had an important defensive role. The main features of the oppida are:
* the planned building of the walls and gates
* the spacious layout
* a view of the surrounding area.

## Impact 
The development of oppida was an important step in the urbanisation of Europe. They were the first large settlements north of the Mediterranean that could be described as towns. Caesar pointed out that each tribe of Gaul would have several oppida, but that they were not all of equal importance. This suggests that there was some form of hierarchy.

In conquered lands, the Romans took over the oppida to administer their Empire. Many became full Roman towns. This often involved a change of location from the hilltop into the plain.

One of the best preserved oppida is at Enserune in France. It was occupied continuously from 6th century BC until the 1st century. Other oppida are now buried beneath large cities, such as Vindobona (which is covered by Vienna).

## References
Hallie Kate Eisenberg

**Hallie Kate Eisenberg**, born August 2, 1992, is an American actor. She began her acting career in Pepsi commercials beginning in late 1990s. Eisenberg acted in many movies, television programs and commercials starting from the mid 1990s.

## References
Venus as a Boy

**"Venus as a Boy"** is a song from Björk. It was the second single from her album *Debut*. The song was used in the movie *Léon* (*The Professional*).
Rhys Ifans

**Rhys Ifans** (born **Rhys Owain Evans**; 22 July 1967) is a Welsh actor and musician. In movies, he has played Spike in *Notting Hill* (1999), Eyeball Paul in *Kevin & Perry Go Large* (2000), Danny Morgan in *Danny Deckchair* (2003), Jed Parry in *Enduring Love* (2004), Xenophilius Lovegood in *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1* (2010), Howard Marks in *Mr. Nice* (2010), Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford in *Anonymous* (2011) and Dr. Curt Connors / The Lizard in *The Amazing Spider-Man* (2012) and *Spider-Man: No Way Home* (2021). In 2005, Ifans won a BAFTA Award for his role as Peter Cook in *Not Only But Always* (2004). He is known on television for roles in *Elementary* and *Berlin Station*.

Ifans was born in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire. He is a native Welsh speaker. His brother is actor Llŷr Ifans. He dated actress Anna Friel between 2011 and 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*
Michael Bublé

**Michael Steven Bublé**  (born September 9, 1975) is a Canadian-Italian singer, songwriter and actor. He has won four Grammy Awards and multiple Juno Awards. His first album reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and in Canada. His 2005 album, ''It's Time*, and his 2007 album, *Call Me Irresponsible*, were very successful around the world, reaching number one on the Canadian album chart, the U.S. *Billboard* 200 chart, the Australian ARIA Albums Chart, and the European charts. Bublé has sold over 75 million albums worldwide.

## Early life
Bublé was born in Burnaby, British Columbia in September 1975. His father is Lewis Bublé, a salmon fisherman. His mother is Amber (*née* Santagà).

From his earliest years, Bublé wanted to be a singer. He took an interest in jazz about the age of five.

As a boy, he had a great interest in hockey. He shared his interest with his father and grandfather. He played hockey but realized he was not good enough to be a professional player.

At the age of 14, he began working with his father on a fishing boat. Sometimes they would be away from home two or three months at a time. Bublé credits the hard work on the boat with making him a man.

At age 16, Bublé began singing in nightclubs. His original stage name was "Mickey Bubbles". He credits his Italian maternal grandfather with these opportunities. His grandfather traded his ability as a plumber for the chance to have his grandson appear on stage.

## Personal life 
Bublé became an Italian citizen in 2005. He has been married to Argentine actress Luisana Lopilato since 2011.  They have three children (two sons and a daughter).

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Michael Bublé* (2003)
* *It's Time* (2005)
* *Call Me Irresponsible* (2007)
* *Crazy Love* (2009)
* *Christmas* (2011)
* *To Be Loved* (2013)
*❤ (2018)
* Higher (2022)

;Independent albums
* *First Dance* (1996)
* *Babalu* (2001)
* *Dream* (2002)

;Live albums
* *Come Fly with Me* (2004)
* *Caught in the Act* (2005)
* *Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden'' (2009)

## Tours
* Michael Bublé: Live in Concert (2004)
* It's Time Tour (2005–06)
* Irresponsible Tour (2007–08)
* Crazy Love Tour (2010–12)
To be loved Tour 2013-15
Evening with Michael Bublé in 2019-2022
Higher Tour

## Filmography
* 2000: *Duets*
* 2001: *Totally Blonde*
* 2003: *The Snow Walker*
* 2004: *Las Vegas* – Catch of the Day

## Awards and nominations
## Other websites 
* Official Michael Bublé site
* 

## References
Marco Simoncelli

in 2009.]]
**Marco Simoncelli** (20 January 1987 – 23 October 2011) was an Italian motorcycle . He competed in the Road Racing World Championship for 10 years from 2002 to 2011.

## Death
Simoncelli died after an accident during the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix at Sepang on 23 October 2011.

## References
Sandra Bernhard

**Sandra Bernhard** (born June 6, 1955) is an American actress, singer, comedian and writer. She has been seen in many movies, sitcoms and on live stage since the 1970s. She also wrote several books and animated shows like *The Powerpuff Girls*, ''Disney's Hercules*, *Spider-Man The Animated Series''. 

Bernhard was born in Flint, Michigan. She moved to Scottsdale, Arizona. She is openly bisexual. She is in a long-term relationship with a woman. Bernhard has a daughter.

## References
Flint, Michigan

**Flint** is an industry city in east central Michigan. The city of Flint is where General Motors was born. As of 2020, it is the 12th largest city in Michigan. In June 1953 a deadly tornado cut through the area, which killed more than 110 in the area. This is also where the Flint water crisis happened, where the water source was contaminated with lead.

## Other websites
Visací zámek

**Visací zámek** () is a Czech punk rock band. The band was formed in 1982. This band is thought to be the oldest Czech punk band. Its early work influenced the sound of an entire generation of bands. The early works of Visací zámek are strongly influenced by early nihilism and post-modernism. 

## Band members 
* Jan "Hony" Haubert – vocals
* Michal "Pixies" Pixa – kytara, vocals
* Vladimír "Savec" Šťástka – bass guitar
* Ivan "Hroch" Rut – kytara, vocals
* Jiří "Sweet P" Pátek – drums

## Discography 
### Albums 
* *Visací zámek* (1990)
* *Start 02* (1991)
* *Three Locks* (1992)
* *Traktor* (1993)
* *Jako vždycky* (1994)
* *Sex* (1996)
* *Visací zámek znovu zasahuje* (2000)
* *Punk!* (2005)
* *Klasika* (2010)

### Compilations and live records 
* *Raritky* (1989)
* *Zámkománie* (1998)
* *19 let – Live at Akropolis* (2001)
* *Žofín* (2002)
* *20 let – Live at Akropolis* (2003)
* *Visací zámek 25 let* (2008, CD + DVD)
* *Beat hall of fame* (Live-Split-CD with Tři sestry, Fanánek and Synové výčepu) (2009)
Xiangsheng

**Crosstalk**, also known by its Chinese name ***xiangsheng*** (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: , pinyin: *xiàngsheng*, literally, "looking at each other and speaking"), is a traditional Chinese comedy form.  Crosstalk is a special kind of dialogue and a special kind of performance.

The comic language has many puns and s.  The words are spoken in a fast, rushed manner.  The comedy is a kind of .  the closest equivalent in English would be Abbott and Costello's "Who's on First?" sketch.

## Format
Modern crosstalk is made up of four skills–speaking (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: , pinyin: *shuō*), imitating (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: , pinyin: *xué*), teasing (Simplified and Traditional Chinese: , pinyin: *dòu*), and singing (Simplified and Traditional chinese: , pinyin: *chàng*).

## History
Crosstalk was popular during the Qing Dynasty.

## Related pages
* Manzai
* Stand-up comedy

## References
## Other websites 
* Crosstalk Collections 中华笑海 (Simplified Chinese) 
* China Crosstalk Online 中国相声网 (Simplified Chinese) 
* Comedians Workshop 相聲瓦舍 (Traditional Chinese)
Symbian

**Symbian OS** is an operating system for mobile devices.  It is designed for smartphones. 

## History 
Nokia, Motorola, Ericsson, Psion and others joined to create Symbian association. This let them promote using EPOC designed for mobile phones.  Symbian is a follower of EPOC system.  It is used in pocket PC Psion, running on the ARM processors.  This operating system has had many changes since it was first created.  Nokia smartphones are the major users of Symbian OS. The last Symbian phone is the Nokia 808 PureView. The Nokia 808 PureView was released in May 2012.

## Versions 
A new version came out every year after 2005. Because of fast technology research, mobile phones and operation systems made very large improvement quickly. The most recent Symbian OS is designed for touch phones and the newest technologies.

## References
Mandarin orange

The **Mandarin orange**, also known as the **mandarin** or **mandarine** (both lower-case), is a small citrus tree (*Citrus reticulata*) with fruit that looks like other oranges. Mandarin oranges are usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. The mandarin is tender, and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas.

Mandarin oranges contain many nutrients but is highest in vitamin C and calcium. A medium mandarin contains approximately 22 grams of vitamin C and 31 grams of calcium.

The mandarin is easily peeled with the fingers, and can be easily split into even segments without squirting juice. This makes it more convenient to eat, as utensils are not required to peel or cut the fruit. Mandarin segments are also sold in cans.

During Chinese New Year, Mandarin oranges and tangerines are considered traditional symbols of good fortune. During the two-week celebration, they are frequently displayed as decoration and presented as gifts to friends, relatives, and business partners.

## Production volume 
'', a Korean fruit dish made with mandarin oranges and honey]]

## References 
## Other websites 
* Mandarin Orange Nutrition Facts
* UC Riverside Mandarin Variety Descriptions
* Tangerines Nutrient Content
Victoria Jackson

**Victoria Jackson** (born August 2, 1959) is an American actress and comedian. She was a cast member on the series *Saturday Night Live* from 1986 to 1992.

## Early life
Jackson was born in Miami, Florida, Her mother was Marlene Esther (née Blackstad) and her father was James McCaslin Jackson, a gym coach. From the age of 5 until she was 18, Jackson's father trained her in gymnastics.

After graduating from high school, Jackson went to Florida Bible College in Hollywood, Florida, later moving to Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina on a gymnastics scholarship. At Furman, she was cast in her first play. She moved to Auburn University in 1979, for her senior year, changing her major to theater. Halfway through her senior year, she left Auburn to start an acting career.

In the 2000s, Jackson got a degree in theatre from Palm Beach Atlantic University.

## Health
Jackson was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2015. She announced in August 2024 that her breast cancer had metastasized to her windpipe and was terminal.

## Filmography
**Bizarre* (1985)
**Stoogemania* (1986) - Nurse Grabatit
**Baby Boom* (1987) - Eve
**The Pick-up Artist* (1987) - Lulu
**Casual Sex?* (1988) - Melissa
**The Couch Trip* (1988) - Robin
**Dream a Little Dream* (1989) - Kit
**UHF* (1989) - Teri Campbell
**Family Business* (1989) - Christine
**I Love You to Death* (1990) - Lacey
**Sesame Street* (1991) - Sid
**The Undercover Kid* (1993) - Cat
**In the Heat of the Night* (1994) - Beverly
**The Weird Al Show*  (Sept-Dec 1997) - Herself
**Nightmare Ned* (1997) - Sarah Needlemeyer (voice)
**No More Baths* (1998) -  Charlotte
* *Touched by an Angel* (1998)- Waitress 
**The X-Files* (1999) - Shelia Fontaine
**Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)* (2000) - Annabelle Saberhagen
**Elmo Aardvark: Outer Space Detective* (2000) - Vava LaVoom
* *The Wheels on the Bus* (2000s) - Moon Mouse
**Brother White* (2012) - Victoria
**Fat Chance* (2015) - Nancy
* *The Matchbreaker* (2016) - Mrs. Taylor
**Altar Egos* (2017) - Barbara
**Heaven Bound* (2017) - Miss Thompson
**Jingle Smells* (2023) - Enchantress Kale

## Books
* *Is My Bow Too Big? How I Went from Saturday Night Live to the Tea Party*, 2012, 
* *Lavender Hair: 21 Devotions for Women with Breast Cancer*, 2017, 

## Related pages
*List of people from Miami

## References
## Other websites
*Victoria Jackson Official Website
*
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

The **Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees** (**UNHCR**) is a part of the United Nations. The purpose of this agency is to protect and support refugees when governments or the UN ask for help. The UNHCR helps refugees return home out of their voluntary will, settle locally, or move to a third country according to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and other international law. The agency's headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group chaired by United Nations Development Programme. The UNHCR has won two Nobel Peace Prizes in 1954 and in 1981.

## List of High Commissioners
## Related pages
*Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

## References
China Central Television

**China Central Television** or **Chinese Central Television**, commonly abbreviated as **CCTV**, is the major state television broadcaster in mainland China.

CCTV has a network of 50 channels. Each channel broadcasts different programs to more than one billion viewers.  The CCTV programs are a mixture of history, documentary, comedy, entertainment, and drama.

## History
CCTV Peking (Beijing) Television (北京电视台) broadcast its first program on September 2, 1958.

The network changed its name to CCTV on May 1, 1978.

## Related pages
* CCTV New Year's Gala

## References
## Other websites 
* CCTV Live Site  
* CCTV Official Site 
* CCTV-News  
* CCTV-E  
* CCTV-F  
* CCTV-Arabic  
* CCTV-Pусский  
* CCTV News Channel Site
Naco, Arizona

**Naco** is a census-designated place in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 824. It is across the United States–Mexico border from Naco, Sonora. The Naco border entrance is open 24 hours a day.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Naco history and prehistory, by National Park Service (English & Spanish)
* Video about Fiesta Binacional which takes place in Naco, on both sides of the border
Thermal expansion

In physics, **thermal expansion** is the likelihood of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature. When a substance is heated, its basic particles move around more quickly and by doing so generally maintain a greater average . Materials that contract with an increase in temperature are very uncommon; this effect is limited in size, and only occurs within limited temperature ranges. The degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature. 

Thermometers are an example of using thermal expansion. They contain a liquid which can only move in one direction (along the tube) when volume changes along with temperature.

Thermal expansion can become a problem for trains because it can cause the rails to buckle. On the rails they will have monitors so that if it does get abnormally high in temperature they can be warned and trains could be told to slow down to reduce the heat of friction. Sometimes on the inner parts of the rails they will be painted white to reflect the sun's hot rays so that it won't cause buckling.

## References
Algal bloom

s and human society]]

An **algal bloom** is an  of algae (typically microscopic) or a rapid increase in the amount of algae in a body of water. This can occur in fresh water or salt water. Algal bloom concentrations may reach millions of cells per milliliter of water.

While they are usually green, algal blooms can be red, yellow-brown, or other colors depending on the species of algae. Some kinds of algal blooms, such as red tides, are poisonous.

## Cause 
They are often caused by eutrophication, where an abnormal amount of nutrients (especially phosphorous and nitrogen) enter a body of water. Cyanobacteria like *Aphanizomenon flosaquae* (which are no longer classified as algae) can grow quickly in this environment.

Algal blooms are a big problem to ecosystems. Like any sudden unnatural growth, it harms the other animals in that ecosystem, usually decreasing their numbers quickly. 

## Consequences 
Because there is so much algae in a bloom, the bottom layers of algae do not get sunlight. The top layers, which do get sunshine, are able to photosynthesize and continue living. However, the layers that lack sunlight die and start to decompose.  

The lack of nutrients and dissolved oxygen in the eutrophic water inhibits other life. Fish become unable to breathe and other aquatic vegetation cannot photosynthesize. All the organisms in the water start to die and decompose. The decomposition of the dead organisms use up most of the remaining dissolved oxygen in the water. 

Without a sufficient amount of nutrients and dissolved oxygen, all living organisms in the water die, which leads to a dead zone.
Smoky Hill Chalk

, from the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.]]
*, found in the Smoky Hills Chalk in 1876.]]

The **Smoky Hill Chalk** is an Upper Cretaceous conservation Lagerstätte, or fossil-rich geological formation. It is known for its exceptionally well-preserved marine reptiles from the Western Inland Sea.  

The Smoky Hill Chalk outcrops in parts of northwest Kansas, its most famous  for fossils, and in southeastern Nebraska. Large well-known fossils excavated from the Smoky Hill Chalk include marine reptiles such as plesiosaurs, large bony fish such as *Xiphactinus*, mosasaurs, pterosaurs (namely *Pteranodon*), flightless marine birds such as *Hesperornis*,  and turtles.  Many of the most well-known specimens of the marine reptiles were collected by dinosaur hunter Charles H. Sternberg and his son George. The son collected a unique fossil of the giant bony fish *Xiphactinus audax* with the skeleton of another bony fish, *Gillicus arcuatus* inside the larger one.  Another excellent skeleton of *Xiphactinus audax'' was collected by Edward Drinker Cope during the late nineteenth century heyday of American paleontology.

## References
Army men

**Army men**, or **plastic soldiers**, are simple toy soldiers molded from green or other colored plastic. Unlike the  toy soldiers, which cost more, army men are sold at low prices in discount stores, supermarkets, and dollar stores. Also, unlike many toy soldiers, army men are sold unpainted and almost always dressed in modern military uniforms and armed with 20th Century weapons.

## Description
Army men are sold in plastic bags or buckets and often include colors such as green, tan, or gray to represent different sides. They have a lot of different kinds of weapons, from World War II to the current era. These include rifles, machine guns, submachine guns, automatic rifles, sniper rifles, pistols, grenades, flamethrowers, recoilless rifles, flame assault shoulders, miniguns, grenade launchers, PIATs, and bazookas. They may also have radio men, medics, commandos, paratroopers, explosives engineers, minesweepers, and men armed with bayonets. Army men are sometimes packaged with additional accessories including tanks, jeeps, half tracks, artillery, helicopters, jets, amtrak amphibious vehicles, humvees, planes, and fortifications. Their vehicles are usually manufactured in the same size to save money.

## History and varieties
The first American plastic toy soldiers were made by Bergen Toy & Novelty Co. (Beton for short) in 1938. 

## References
Dialogue

**Dialogue** or **dialog** is a shared inquiry or the art of thinking together. Dialogue is a rhetorical, literary and theatrical format.  It means a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people, or a literary work showing such an exchange.

The historical origins of dialogue are in classical Greek and Indian literature. The Socratic method is a way of learning things by dialogue.

## Related pages
* Online chat
* Communication
* Conflict resolution
* Conversation
* Xiangsheng
* Manzai

## References
## Other websites
* National Coalition for Dialogue and Deliberation
* Smith, M. K. (2001) *Dialogue and conversation*, the encyclopaedia of informal education 
* The Journal of Inter-Religious Dialogue
Nara period

The  is a time in the history of Japan which  from 710 to 794.  This  of years is named after city of Nara.

## History
In 710, Empress Gemmei established the capital of Japan at Heijō-kyō, which is present-day Nara.  Gemmei's palace was named Nara-no-miya.  Except for two brief times, the reigns of the next seven monarchs were centered in the palace which was built by Gemmei.

The capital at Nara was modeled after Chang'an, the capital city of Tang China.  The Nara period was marked by the introduction of Tang systems and culture.

## Timeline
* **710** (*Wadō 3*): Japan's capital city was established in Nara (*Heijō-kyō*).
* **712** (*Wadō 5*): The *Kojiki* was finished.
* **720** (*Yōrō 4*): *Nihon Shoki* completed.
* **749-752** (*Tenpyō-shōhō 1-4*): Emperor Shōmu orders the creation of a large statue of Buddha (*Daibutsu*) at Tōdai-ji
* **760** (*Tenpyō-hōji 4*): ''Man'yōshū* completed.
* **784** (*Enryaku 3*): The emperor moves the capital to Nagaoka
* **788** (*Enryaku 7*): The Buddhist monk Saichō establishes a monastery on Mt Hiei
* **December 17, 794** (*Enryaku 13, 21st day of the 10th month''): The Emperor moves by carriage in a grand procession from Nara to Heian-kyō.

## Related pages
* List of Japanese eras

## References
## Other websites
* Metropolitan Museum of Art, Asuka and Nara Periods (538–794)
* British Museum, Nara period (AD 710-794) 
* Japan-guide.com, Nara and Heian Periods (710 - 1185)
Ehime Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Shikoku region of Japan on the island of Shikoku. The capital city is Matsuyama.

## History
Until the Meiji Restoration, Ehime prefecture was known as Iyo Province. The name Ehime comes from the *Kojiki*.  It means "beautiful maiden."

After the Battle of Sekigahara, the Tokugawa shogun gave the area to his allies.  Kato Yoshiaki built Matsuyama Castle which became the center of the modern city of Matsuyama.

## Geography
Ehime faces the Seto Inland Sea in the southwestern part of Shikoku.  The prefecture is bordered by Kagawa Prefecture and Tokushima Prefecture in the east.  Kōchi is to the south.  The prefecture has a long coastline and it includes many islands.

The Yanase Dam was built in 1953.

## Shrines and Temples
*Ōyamazumi jinja* is the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) in the prefecture.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Ehime F.C.

## References
## Other websites
*http://www.pref.ehime.jp/index-e.htm ; [http://www.pref.ehime.jp/ ]
Tokushima Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Shikoku region of Japan on the island of Shikoku. The capital city is the city of Tokushima.

## History 
Until the Meiji Restoration, Tokushima prefecture was known as Awa Province.

### Timeline
* **4th century BC** – Rice farming of the Yayoi period in Awa
* **3rd century AD** – Burial mounds of the Kofun period in Awa
* **1625** (''Kan'ei 2*): Indigo monopoly established

### Cities
### Towns and villages
Towns and villages in each district:

### National Parks
National Parks are established in about 9% of the total land area of the prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples
*Ōasahiko jinja* is the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya'') in the prefecture.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Tokushima Vortis

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.pref.tokushima.jp/english/ ; http://www.pref.tokushima.jp/
Chicken nuggets

**Chicken nuggets** are chicken meat pieces made into a big oval shape. They are usually  found at fast food restaurants, or in grocery stores. The fast food chain McDonald's produces their own type of nuggets, called Chicken McNuggets. They are typically deep fried to be made.
CCTV New Year's Gala

The '''CCTV New Year's Gala'* (Simplified Chinese: 中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会; Traditional Chinese: 中國中央電視台春節聯歡晚會; Pinyin: *Zhōngguó zhōngyāng diànshìtái chūnjié liánhuān wǎnhuì*) is a Chinese New Year special produced by China Central Television. It was presented by Zhao Zhongxiang.

## History
Since 1983, the variety program has been broadcast on the eve of Chinese New Year.

The show features various acts, including
* Skits (小品) with a focus on comedy. 
* *Xiangsheng* (相声) or Stand-up comedy
* Song and dance (歌舞) 
* Acrobatics* (杂技)

Across the span of years, viewers have had mixed reactions.  According to *The* *New York Times**,* "complaining about the show - with its blend of comedy, singing, dancing and propaganda - is as much a tradition as watching it."

### Guest appearances
Performers who are famous in China are featured:

* Jackie Chan (2005; 2009)
* Dashan 
* Zhang Ziyi (2000; 2001; 2008)

## References
## Other websites 
*2007 CCTV New Year's Gala
Lake George

**Lake George** is a glacial lake in the Adirondack Mountains in New York. Isaac Jogues found the lake in 1646. Many tourists visit Lake George.

## Other websites
John Bryson

**John E. Bryson** (July 24, 1943 – May 13, 2025) was an American politician. He was the 37th Secretary of Commerce. The Senate confirmed him by a 74–26 vote on October 20, 2011.  He became Secretary on October 21, 2011. He is the former Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President of Edison International, the parent company of Southern California Edison. He left office on June 11, 2012. 

From 1976 to 1979, Bryson was chairman of the California State Water Resources Control Board. From 1979 to 1982, he was president of the California Public Utilities Commission.

Bryson helped start the Natural Resources Defense Council after he graduated from law school.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile at *Bloomberg Businessweek*
*Profile  at *Forbes*
*Profile at The Walt Disney Company
*
*John Bryson is the Right Man at the Right Time to Lead Commerce Department , Frances Beinecke, President of NRDC, May 31, 2011
Pinetop Perkins

, 2006]]
**Joe Willie** "**Pinetop**" **Perkins** (July 7, 1913 – March 21, 2011) was an American blues musician. He died in Austin, Texas. He was 97 years old when he died. Perkins was a famous pianist. He helped form the style of other musicians. He played with B. B. King for a short time and was part of Muddy Waters' band for more than ten years. He won the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005.

## Selected discography
* 1976: *Boogie Woogie King* (recorded 1976, released 1992)
* 1977: *Hard Again* (Muddy Waters)
* 1988: *After Hours*
* 1992: *Pinetop Perkins with the Blue Ice Band
* 1992: *On Top*
* 1993: *Portrait of a Delta Bluesman*
* 1995: *Live Top* (with the Blue Flames)
* 1996: *Eye to Eye* (with Ronnie Earl, Willie "Big Eyes" Smith and Calvin “Fuzz” Jones)
* 1997: *Born in the Delta*
* 1998: *Sweet Black Angel*
* 1998: *Legends* (with Hubert Sumlin)
* 1998: *Down In Mississippi*
* 1999: *Live at 85!* (with George Kilby Jr)
* 2000: *Back On Top*
* 2003: *Heritage of the Blues: The Complete Hightone Sessions*
* 2003: *All Star Blues Jam* (with Bob Margolin *et al.*)
* 2004: *Ladies Man*
* 2007: *10 Days Out: Blues From The Backroads* (with Kenny Wayne Shepherd and the Muddy Waters Band—Live) 
* 2008: *Pinetop Perkins and Friends*
* 2010: *Joined At the Hip'' (with Willie "Big Eyes" Smith)

## References
Pope Innocent IV

**Pope Innocent IV** (; c. 1195 – December 7, 1254), born **Sinibaldo Fieschi**, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 181st Pope from June 25, 1243 until his death in 1254.

## Early life
Fieschi was born in Genoa.  The Fieschi were a noble family of Liguria.

His nephew will become Adrian V.

He studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna.

In 1245, Pope Innocent called church leaders to the Council of Lyons in France.

Innocent granted the use of the red hat to the cardinals in 1245. The red had was a symbol of the cardinal's readiness to shed their blood in the cause of the church.

## Related pages
* List of popes
* List of popes from the Fieschi family

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
* Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Cardinal Fieschi
FC Bergheim

**FC Bergheim** is an Austrian football club from  Bergheim from the federals state Salzburg. The women's section  plays in the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the highest league in women's football in Austria. The second team is playing in the Future League.

## History
The women's soccer club started as USK Hof in 1999. The club played in the Salzburger Frauenliga (3rd level). From 2001 till 2005 the team was member of the 2. Division Mitte (2nd level). 2006-07 the won the league but lost the relegation matches to the Bundesliga versus FC St. Veit. The next season they became also champions and won versus SV Groß-Schweinbarth and were promoted to the ÖFB-Frauenliga.

For the 2020-11 season they made a syndicate with FC Bergheim. In the 2012-13 season they were relegated to the 2. Liga Mitte/West. They won the league in the following two seasons but lost the relegation matches versus ASK Erlaa and  Carinthians Soccer Women. In the season 2015-16 they played for the first time as FC Bergheim. After the championship they won the relegation versus ASK Erlaa and were promoted to the Frauen-Bundesliga.

Since the 2025/26 Austrian Women's Football Championship season, the former women's section of FC Bergheim has competed in the Austrian Bundesliga as FC Red Bull Salzburg (including the Future League team). The Future League team won the 2024-25 championship. Their home ground is now the Academy in Salzburg-Liefering. The only women's team remaining in Bergheim is the former 1c team, which still competes in the Salzburg Women's League under its old name. 

## Honours
* Winners of 2. Liga (5x): 2007, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2016 (FC Bergheim)
*Winners Future League  (1x)ː2025 (FC Red Bull Salzburg Women)

## Current squad 
### Current squad 
### Coaching staff
; 2025-26 season
* Dusan Pavlovic Headcoach
* Isabella Schweighofer Assistant coach
* Carolin Grössinger Goalkeeper coach
## Future League Squad 
### Coaching staff
; 2025-26 season
* Lukas Hiermann Headcoach
* Magdalena Schörgenhuber Assistant coach
* Michael Wimmer Goalkeeper coach

### Former players 
* Maria Plattner
* Sarah Zadrazil
* Laura Feiersinger

## References
Red Norvo

**Kenneth "Red" Norvo** (31 March 1908, Beardstown, Illinois - 6 April 1999, Santa Monica, California) was an American jazz musician and dancer. He performed from the 1920s through the 1980s. During the 1920s, he was a tap dancer in Vaudeville. His main musical instrument was the vibraphone. He was also a member of The Three Ickkies.

## Other websites 
*Red Norvo at AllMusic
Eva Marie Saint

**Eva Marie Saint** (born July 4, 1924) is an American movie and stage actress. She has performed in many movies, television programs and stage acts. She won an Academy Award for her role in the 1954 movie *On the Waterfront*. She also played Eve Kendall in the 1959 Alfred Hitchcock movie *North by Northwest*. For her role in the 1957 movie *A Hatful of Rain* she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. In 1990, she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries *People Like Us*.

## Personal life
Saint was born in Newark, New Jersey and studied at Actors Studio and Bowling Green State University. She was married to producer/director Jeffrey Hayden from 1951 until his death in 2016. They have two children, Darrell (born April 1, 1955) and Laurette (born July 19, 1958), and three grandchildren. Hayden died on December 24, 2016.

## Works
## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites 
*
Wilson Phillips

**Wilson Phillips** are a California based girl group who formed in 1989, disbanded in 1993 and then regrouped in 2004. They are a trio whose names are Carnie and Wendy Wilson, and Chynna Phillips. They had several hit songs over the years.

## Albums 
* Wilson Phillips (1990)
* Shadows and Light  (1992)
* California (2004)
* Christmas in Harmony (2010)
* Decitated (2012)

## Other websites 
*Official website
Vanilla Ice

**Robert Matthew Van Winkle** (born October 31, 1967 in Dallas, Texas), best known as **Vanilla Ice**, is an American rapper, actor, and singer. He had songs under SBK Records. His most notable song is "Ice Ice Baby". The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1991. He has had other songs released over the years. Comedian Jim Carrey did a spoof on the song, called "White White Baby".

Vanilla Ice was a contestant in the second season of *The Surreal Life* in 2004 and in the sixth series of *Dancing on Ice* in 2011. 

## References
## Other websites
* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0406678/bio
Kingswood, South Gloucestershire

**Kingswood** is an area in South Gloucestershire, South West England. It has a population of 32,000 people. Its postcode is BS15. It is a suburb of Bristol.

## Other websites 
*Kingswood, England at Infoplease
Robin Gibb

**Robin Hugh Gibb**, CBE (22 December 1949&nbsp;– 20 May 2012) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, best known as a member of the British-Australian pop group The Bee Gees. Gibb gained worldwide fame with his brothers Barry and Maurice Gibb. Their younger brother Andy Gibb was also a singer.

Gibb died of colorectal cancer in London, England.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Samuel Morse

**Samuel Finley Breese Morse** (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor. He was the first person to make a telegraph with only one wire, and also helped come up with the idea of Morse code.

Since the 1700s, there were different types of telegraphs being made, but they were hard to use because they had several wires. (The first telegraph ever built had 26 wires, which made it almost impossible to use.) Morse spent years trying to build one with only one wire, and managed to do it in 1836. Morse and his assistant made a code with "dots and "dashes", which were two different types of "clicks" on the telegraph.

Morse's invention made it possible to quickly communicate with people far away, and many telegraph lines were built. A telegraph line using his invention was built between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore in 1844. By the 1860s, there were telegraph lines all around North America, and in 1866, a telegraph line was built across the Atlantic Ocean.

## Life
Samuel F. B. Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts

Morse was a painter before he was an inventor. He was a professor of art at New York University. He wanted to do some paintings that were going to be done at the United States Capitol, but was not chosen to do them. He was so disappointed that he gave up painting.

Morse was a devout Christian. The first message he sent on his 1844 telegraph line was "What hath God wrought?", which comes from the Book of Numbers in the Bible.

He died in New York City on April 2, 1872.

## References
Peter Yates

**Peter Yates** (24 July 1929 – 9 January 2011) was an English movie director and producer. He was born in Aldershot, Hampshire. He was nominated for the Academy Award for the movies *Breaking Away* and *The Dresser*. He was also nominated several time for BAFTA Awards. One of his best-known movies is *Bullitt* (1968), starring Steve McQueen. Yates died in London on 9 January 2011. He was 81 years old.

## Films as director
* *The Saint* (1962) (TV)
* *Summer Holiday* (1963)
* *One Way Pendulum* (1964)
* *Koroshi* (1966) (TV)
* *Robbery* (1967)
* *Bullitt* (1968)
* *John and Mary* (1969)
* ''Murphy's War* (1971)
* *The Hot Rock* (1972)
* *The Friends of Eddie Coyle* (1973)
* *For Pete's Sake* (1974)
* *Mother, Jugs & Speed* (1976)
* *The Deep* (1977)
* *Breaking Away* (1979)
* *Eyewitness* (1981)
* *Krull* (1983)
* *The Dresser* (1983)
* *Eleni* (1985)
* *Suspect* (1987)
* *The House on Carroll Street* (1988)
* *An Innocent Man* (1989)
* *Year of the Comet* (1992)
* *The Run of the Country* (1995)
* *Roommates* (1995)
* *Curtain Call* (1998)
* *Don Quixote* (2000) (TV)
* *A Separate Peace'' (2004) (TV)

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Rorathang

**Roarthang** is a small village market. It is in East Sikkim. Rorathang has a latitude of 27.18 degrees and a longitude of 88.62.

## People
We can find different types people in that locality on the basic of caste and so on.
 
## School
There is one junior high school just near the market.

## Outpost (police)
Around 6-7 policemen are working or doing their duties.

Just 1&nbsp;km from Rorethang, between Rhenock and Rorethang, there is one medicine factory. It is famously know to be golden cross which is privately owned and run by a company