open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Slim Whitman

**Ottis Dewey Whitman, Jr.** (January 20, 1923 &ndash; June 19, 2013), known professionally as **Slim Whitman**, was an American country music and western music singer/songwriter and instrumentalist known for his yodeling abilities and his smooth high octave falsetto. He sold in excess of 120 million records.

Whitman was born on January 20, 1923 in Tampa, Florida. He was married to Alma Christ from 1942 until her death in 2009. They had two children. Whitman died on June 19, 2013 in Orange Park, Florida from heart failure, aged 90.

## Related pages
*List of country musicians from Florida
## References
## Other websites
* Slim Whitman Lyrics
*
Hobomok

***Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times*** is a book by Lydia Maria Child. It was published anonymously in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1824 by Cummings, Hilliard & Co.  The story is about the marriage between a white woman and a Native American man. They have a son. The heroine later remarries, and rejoins Puritan society with her child. The theme of miscegenation crearted a scandal. The book was not a critical success.

## References
## More reading
*
MBB/Kawasaki BK 117

The **MBB/Kawasaki BK117** is a twin-engine, lightweight helicopter designed and built in Germany and Japan. It has both civilian and military uses. To 1992 it was built by Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Later, it was built by Eurocopter and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Some were built under licence in Indonesia as **NBK117**. Eurocopter EC145 is a newer type of BK117, but without a Japanese partner.

## Bibliography 
* Jackson, Robert, *Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft* (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
* Gaillard, Pierre, ''Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui* Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
* Frawley, Gerard, *The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003'' .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
Eleanor Mondale

in September 2007]]
**Eleanor Jane Mondale Poling** (January 19, 1960 &ndash; September 17, 2011) was an American radio personality, television host, and actress.

Mondale was born on January 19, 1960 in Minneapolis, Minnesota to Walter Mondale and to Joan Mondale. She studied at St. Lawrence University.

Mondale was married to Keith Van Horne from 1988 until they divorced in 1989. Then she was married to Greg Malban from 1991 until they divorced a few months later in 1991. Then she was married to Chan Poling from 2005 until her death in 2011. Mondale died on September 17, 2011 in Minnesota from brain cancer, aged 51.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Mirage at CityPages
* Mirage at Walker
Wilbert Awdry

The Reverend **Wilbert Vere Awdry**, OBE (15 June 1911 &ndash; 21 March 1997), was an English cleric, railway enthusiast, and children's author. Simply known as the **Reverend W. Awdry**, he was the creator of Thomas the Tank Engine, the central figure in his acclaimed *Railway Series*.

## Life and death
Awdry was born on 15 June 1911 in Ampfield, Hampshire. He was raised in Box, Wiltshire. Awdry was educated at Marlborough House School, Sussex (1919–24), Dauntseys School, West Lavington, Wiltshire (1924–9); St Peter's Hall, Oxford (BA, 1932), and Wycliffe Hall, Oxford.

He was married to Margaret Awdry from 1938 until her death in 1989. They had three children, Christopher Awdry, Hilary Fortnum and Veronica Chambers. Awdry died on 21 March 1997 in Rodborough, Stroud, Gloucestershire from natural causes, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Internet Archive: 'Original' Awdry Family Website – *contains some information not available on the later site*
* Internet Archive: Sodor Enterprises (publishing company) – *Formerly www.sodor.co.uk (Dead link discovered April 2010)*
* 
* Rev. W. V. Awdry  &ndash;* Biography at the Official Awdry Family Website*
* The Narrow Gauge Railway Museum, Tywyn, Gwynedd, Wales &ndash;'' Home of the Rev. W. V. Awdry's study''
Dansband

on board a boat.]]
**Dansband** (**dance band**) is a term in Swedish that describes a band that plays **dansbandsmusik** ("dance band music"). It is used for bands in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden that perform live music from stage, allowing the audience to dance partner dance. Famous Swedish bands have been Curt Haagers, Ingmar Nordströms, Matz Bladhs, Sten & Stanley, Sven-Ingvars, Thorleifs, Vikingarna and Wizex.

Such bands were very popular in Sweden by the mid 1970s. By the end of the same decade, the genre began to go through hard times, due to the arrival of disco music.

## Other websites
Digital Compact Cassette

The **Digital Compact Cassette** (DCC) was a format of magnetic tape, developed to replace the compact cassette. It competed with the Minidisc and the Digital Audio Tape (DAT), but neither format could replace the compact cassette. It was marketed as a cheaper alternative to DAT. 

Equipment for the digital compact cassette was able to playback analog compact cassettes as well; recording could only be done to DCC, though. A DCC tape is similar in appearance to a regular cassette, except that it has reel access holes on only one side, and has a shutter covering both the tape and reel access holes, similar to the shutter on a floppy disk. This protects the tape and also prevents it from being accidentally inserted into an analog cassette deck. Some DCC players could also play analog compact cassettes (DAT players couldn't do so), these players would detect the cassette type from the presence or absence of the shutter cover. 

Unlike DAT, DCC uses lossy data compression. This means that the copy of the data is not identical to the original. Audio data could be compressed to about 25% of its original size. 

The main problem of the format was tied to handling: Finding a song in the middle of a 90 minute tape takes several minutes. With Minidisc it is instantaneous. Minidisc allows to delete or move tracks, features which the digital compact cassette cannot offer. 

Even though some of the features were addressed (like rewinding a 90 minute tape in less than a minute), the format never gained much market share. The compression format used by DCC is based on MP1, which came before MP3. The CD-R, which is compatible with standard CD players, eventually replaced both DCC and MiniDisc for home audio recording. The CD-R also replaced analog tape.
Siw Malmkvist

**Siw Malmkvist** (born 31 December 1936) is a Swedish singer. She was popular in West Germany in the 1960s and 1970s.

## References
## Other websites
Declaration of Arbroath

The **Declaration of Arbroath** is a declaration of Scottish independence, made in 1320. It was a letter sent to Pope John XXII, dated 6 April 1320. The declaration confirmed Scotlands's status as a independent, sovereign state and defended Scotland's right to use military action when unjustly attacked. The letter was signed at Arbroath by eight earls and thirty-one barons.

## Background
When King Alexander III of Scotland died in 1286, his heir was his granddaughter Margaret, Maid of Norway. In 1289, King Edward I of England negotiated to have his son, Edward II of England become her husband and share the crown of Scotland.  But Margaret died on her way from Norway to Scotland in 1290. In 1317 the pope called for a two year truce, which Scotland ignored. For failing to listen to him, he excommunicated all of Scotland.

## Overview
The Declaration was part of a larger plan to show the Pope and others that Scotland was an independent kingdom and had a right to rule itself. The English king Edward I had written to the pope before confirming his right to rule Scotland. For his part, the pope refused to accept Robert the Bruce as King of the Scots. 
 
Dated April 1320, the Declaration of Arbroath was a letter to Pope John XXII at Avignon from fifty leading men of Scotland. There were 39 names, (eight Scottish earls and thirty one barons), who signed the document with their seals. On strips on the bottom of the letter are seals and names of eleven more who signed. It was written at the monastery of Arbroath in Scotland. He encouraged Edward II to make peace with the Scots. The interdict on Scotland and the excommunication of its king were finally removed. The second part of the treaty agreed that the son of Robert the Bruce, David II of Scotland and the sister of Edward III of England would marry. The wedding took place on 12 July of 1338 when David II, then four years old married Joan of the Tower, aged six, at the church at Berwick, Scotland.

In 1998 The United States Congress resolved that the US Declaration of Independence has been modeled on the Declaration of Arbroath. It was further resolved that April 6th was from that day on officially National Tartan Day in commemoration of that famous document.

## Related pages 
* Declaration of Independence
* List of signatories of the Declaration of Arbroath

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Declaration of Arbroath  on National Archives of Scotland website (includes full Latin text and English translation)
* National Tartan Day April 6 commemorates the signing of the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320
Over the River and Through the Wood

"**Over the River and Through the Wood**" is a Thanksgiving poem by Lydia Maria Child. It appeared in the second volume of her *Flowers for Children* in 1844. The original title of the poem is, "The New-England Boy's Song About Thanksgiving Day".

Boston College writes: "Starting with the familiar line, "Over the river and through the wood", this poem is easily Child’s most famous work. Child never revised the poem herself, but the verses changed over time, especially when they were set to music.

With its bouncing rhythms and high spirits, the poem draws on the writer’s childhood memories of visiting her grandfather’s house on Thanksgiving.  Having gained notoriety for her ideas about race, Child kept her antislavery ideals out of this volume in an effort to avoid controversy and boost sales. *Flowers for Children* contains only two stories involving race, and they both avoid addressing racial prejudice head on. In this nostalgic poem, Child takes us back to the simple pleasures of a family holiday."

## References
English Defence League

The **English Defence League**, or in short **EDL**, is a street protest group in the United Kingdom which is against Sharia law and Islamism. The group was founded in 2009 in Luton by Tommy Robinson. Groups including Unite Against Fascism (UAF) and Anonymous are against the EDL. EDL can also stand for the *European Defence League*, also founded by Tommy Robinson. Tommy Robinson left the EDL in October 2013. Tim Ablitt became the new leader. A report found that 81% of EDL supporters are male.

## References
Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions

The ***Jeopardy!*** **Ultimate Tournament of Champions** was a special tournament done during the 21st season of the American television game show *Jeopardy!*. 145 contestants who won past *Jeopardy!* tournaments or won five games played in a 15 week tournament. It lasted from February 9 to May 25, 2005.

In this tournament, the two finalists from four rounds of play went against Ken Jennings, who is Season 21's biggest winner and, at the time, was the highest winner on a game show with $2,522,700. Those contestants played for a prize of $2,000,000. The two finalists were Brad Rutter and Jerome Vered. Rutter was the show's second-highest winner, while Vered had set a one-day winnings record of $34,000 in 1992. Rutter won the three-day final and the $2,000,000 prize, claiming the record from Jennings.

## Related pages
* Jeopardy! Tournament of Champions

## References
## Other websites
* Official *Jeopardy!* website
* J! Archive - recaps of all Ultimate Tournament of Champions games
Koko Taylor

**Koko Taylor** sometimes spelled **KoKo Taylor** (September 28, 1928 &ndash; June 3, 2009) was an American Chicago blues singer, popularly known as the "Queen of the Blues." She was known primarily for her rough, powerful vocals and traditional blues stylings.

Taylor was born on September 28, 1928 in Shelby County, Tennessee. Taylor was married to Robert Taylor until he died in 1989. Then she was married to Hays Harris until her death in 2009. She had one daughter. Taylor died on June 3, 2009 in Chicago, Illinois from surgical complications, aged 80.

## References
## Other websites
* Hoekstra, Dave. "Chicago legend and 'Queen of the Blues' Koko Taylor dead at 80," *Chicago Sun-Times*, Wednesday, June 3, 2009. 
* Co-host of "Blues you can use", FM radio station WGVE 88.7, Gary, Indiana
* Interview with Koko Taylor on Centerstage Chicago (June 2007) 
* 
* "Queen of the Blues: Koko Taylor Talks About Her Subjects", interview by James Plath, 1994
* 
* Wild Women Don't Have the Blues features interviews with Koko Taylor
* Koko Taylor - Daily Telegraph obituary
Frank Zamboni

**Frank Joseph Zamboni, Jr.** (January 16, 1901 &ndash; July 27, 1988) was an American inventor, whose most famous invention is the modern Zamboni, a machine that smooths the ice in ice rinks. The name "Zamboni" is a registered trademark for these machines.

Zamboni was born on January 16, 1901 in Eureka, Utah. He was raised in Pocatello, Idaho and in Chicago, Illinois. Zamboni died on July 27, 1988 from cardiac arrest in Paramount, California, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*www.zamboni.com — Frank J. Zamboni & Co.
Cyrus McCormick

**Cyrus Hall McCormick, Sr.** (February 15, 1809 &ndash; May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which became part of International Harvester Company in 1902. He invented the crop machine the Reaper. From the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of his family became well known residents of Chicago. The McCormick Place is named after him.

McCormick was born on February 15, 1809 in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He lived in Raphine, Virginia. He was married to Nancy Fowler from 1835 until his death in 1884. They had four children. McCormick died from a stroke on May 13, 1884 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 75. He is buried in Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago.

## References
## Other websites
* Farm Equipment  on Antique Farming web site
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
* McCormick Family Financial Records  at Newberry Library
Robert Fogel

**Robert William Fogel** (July 1, 1926 &ndash; June 11, 2013) was an American economic historian and scientist, and winner (with Douglass North) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Fogel was born on July 1, 1926 in New York City, New York to Russian-Jewish parents. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Fogel graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1944. He studied at Cornell University, at Columbia University, and at Johns Hopkins University. Fogel died on June 11, 2013, at a health services center in Oak Park, Illinois of a short illness, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*Nobel prize autobiography
*Review of Fogel's "Escape from Hunger and Premature Death" 
*Lance Davis review essay on Fogel's *Railroads and American Economic Growth* 
*Thomas Weiss review essay on Fogel and Engerman's *Time on the Cross* 
*Podcast Interview with co-author Stanley Engerman on *Time on the Cross* on EconTalk at Econlib
*RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) updated information about Robert W. Fogel
*Feature article in The University of Chicago magazine
*IDEAS/RePEc
Leo Carbol

**Leo Carbol** (June 5, 1910 – November 13, 1991) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman who played a total of 6 games in the NHL for the Chicago Black Hawks. 

Carbol played most his ice hockey career with the St. Louis Flyers of the American Hockey Association and the American Hockey League with a combined 12 seasons. He also played 1 season for the Minneapolis Millers and 20 games for the Buffalo Majors of the AHA. He also played for the Detroit Olympics of the IHL.

## Other websites 
*
Brad Rutter

**Bradford Gates "Brad" Rutter** (born January 31, 1978) is the highest winner on the American television game show *Jeopardy!*, and the highest winner on a game show.

Rutter became a five-time champion on *Jeopardy!* in 2000. He later won four tournaments: the Tournament of Champions in 2001, the Million Dollar Masters tournament in 2002, the Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions in 2005, and the Jeopardy! Battle of the Decades in 2014 His win in the Ultimate Tournament of Champions made him the highest winner on a game show. This was later beaten by Ken Jennings in 2007 when Jennings won $500,000 on *Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?*.  However, Rutter reclaimed the record after he won the Battle of the Decades tournament.

In February 2011, Rutter played against Jennings and an artificial intelligence computer called Watson. Rutter came in third place, losing to Watson. He won $200,000 for placing in third place. 

In January 2020, Rutter played against Jennings and James Holzhauer in Jeopardy! Greatest of All Time.  The event was won by Jennings and Rutter finished in third place.

In addition to *Jeopardy!*, Rutter also appeared on the game show *1 vs. 100* as part of the show's "mob." He played four times: on December 1, 2006, December 8, 2006, December 15, 2006, and February 9, 2007. In 2007, he appeared on the game show *Grand Slam*. He lost to *Who Wants to Be a Millionaire* contestant Ogi Ogas in the second round. In 2011, he appeared as part of a six-person team on the game show *Million Dollar Mind Game*. His team won $600,000.

## References
## Other websites
*
Cheer pheasant

The **cheer pheasant** (*Catreus wallichii*) also known as '''Wallich's pheasant'* (in Nepal: "Kahir", "Chihir") is a vulnerable species of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. It is the only member of the genus *Catreus*.

The species was named as *Phasianus wallichi* by the English zoologist Thomas Hardwicke in 1827; he named it after the Danish botanist Nathaniel Wallich. Later the name was changed to the present name by the English ornithologist John Gould.

## Description
The Cheer pheasant lacks the color and brilliance of most pheasants. The male has a brownish yellow plumage with black markings and a long gray crest; the skin of the face is red. Its long tail is mainly gray and brown, and has 18 feathers, something that puts this pheasant apart from similar species.

The female is smaller than the male, somewhat duller in plumage and more heavily marked, with reduced red facial skin, a shorter crest and lacking the male’s spurs. it is distributed in the highlands and scrublands (a place where small shrubs are abundant as well as small herbaceous plants, without trees) of the southern foothills, most frequently from  of the western Himalayas, from north Pakistan, through Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal, India, to east to central Nepal. In another survey in 2010, Cheer pheasant was detected in 21 calling sites in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. They breed on steep cliffs during summer and the number of eggs in a nest is relatively large; there are usually ten to eleven eggs in each nest, though in some cases there as many as 14.

The Cheer pheasants get most of their food from the ground, digging with is powerful beaks; they eat roots, tubers, bulbs, seeds, insects and other small animals. They look for food mainly during the morning and evening, walking in pairs or, sometimes, in family groups.

## Conservation
Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size and hunting in some areas, the Cheer pheasant is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The Cheer pheasant is legally protected in Nepal and India, and occurs in at least 12 protected areas in Himachal Pradesh, three in Uttar Pradesh and three in Nepal.

Attempts to reintroduce captive bred Cheer pheasants in Pakistan have been unsuccessful.

## Gallery

File:BirdsAsiaJohnGoVIIGoul 0080.jpg|*Catreus wallichi*, inBirds of Asia
File:Catreus wallichii by OpenCage.jpg|*Catreus wallichii''(Wallich's pheasant)
File:Pheasant at Sudeley Castle.jpg|Pheasant at Sudeley Castle, England

## References
## Other websites
* ARKive - images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant *(Catreus wallichi)* 
* Animal Diversity Web - *Catreus wallichii*
* Catalogue of Life 
* ITIS Report
List of governors of Wyoming

This is a **list of the governors of Wyoming**. It includes territorial governors. Wyoming Territory was created in 1868. Wyoming became a state on July 10, 1890.

## Governors
### Governors of Wyoming Territory
### Governors of Wyoming
, the first Democratic governor]]
, the first female governor of any state]]

### References
## Living former governors
, four former governors were alive. The most recent governor to die was Clifford P. Hansen (1963&ndash;1967), on October 20, 2009. The most recently-serving governor to die was Edgar J. Herschler (1975&ndash;1987), on February 5, 1990.
Division of Griffith

The **Division of Griffith** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was created in 1934. It is named for Sir Samuel Griffith, 9th Premier of Queensland, Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, and principal author of the Constitution of Australia. It was represented from 1998 to 2013 by Kevin Rudd, who was Prime Minister of Australia from 2007 to 2010 and from June to September 2013. On 13 November 2013, Rudd announced that he would resign from parliament at the end of week and retire from politics.

## Boundaries
Griffith is in the inner southern suburbs of Brisbane, including Balmoral, Bulimba, Camp Hill, Carina Heights, Coorparoo, Dutton Park, East Brisbane, Greenslopes, Highgate Hill, Hawthorne, Kangaroo Point, Morningside, Norman Park, Seven Hills, South Brisbane, and Woolloongabba, and parts of Annerley, Cannon Hill, Carina, Holland Park, Holland Park West, Mount Gravatt East, Murarrie, Tarragindi, and West End.

## Members
## Election results
## References
## Other websites 
* Division of Griffith (Qld) &mdash; Australian Electoral Commission
* Kevin Rudd's website
Alberto Zaccheroni

**Alberto Zaccheroni** (born 1 April 1953) is an Italian football manager. He led A.C. Milan to win the Serie A in 98/99. He currently manages the Japan national football team.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Profile  on *Goal.com*
Susan Bogert Warner

**Susan Bogert Warner** (July 11, 1819 &ndash; March 17, 1885) was a popular 19th-century American writer. She wrote 30 books under the name "Elizabeth Wetherell".  

She was born in New York City to upscale parents. She was privately educated. Her first book was the sentimental and moralistic *The Wide, Wide World* (1851). It is believed to be the first book by an American writer to sell one million copies.

Her novel *The Hills of the Shatemuc* (1856) sold 10,000 copies on the day of its publication. She wrote some children's books and Bible-themed books. She sometimes co-wrote with her sister, Anna, who wrote the popular children's hymn, "Jesus Loves Me This I Know".  

Susan Warner died in Highland Falls, New York. She was buried in the West Point Cemetery.

## References
Mercy Otis Warren

**Mercy Otis Warren** (September 14, [September 25, New Style] 1728 – October 19, 1814) was a poet and playwright. She wrote political plays about the problematic situations that led to the American Revolution. *The Adulator* and *The Group* were published on the eve of the Revolution. Her later works included *Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous* and *History of the American Revolution*.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Lydia Maria Child

**Lydia Maria Child** (née **Francis**; February 11, 1802October 20, 1880), was an American writer. She wrote the Thanksgiving Day poem, "Over the River and Through the Wood". She founded and published *Juvenile Miscellany*, the first children's magazine in the United States. Child also wrote on housekeeping and child rearing, slavery, abolitionism, religion, women's issues, and Native American rights.

## Life
Child was born in Medford, Massachusetts to David Convers Francis, a baker, and Susannah (Rand) Francis.  She attended a local dame school, a seminary, and a Congregational church. She lived for a time with her married sister in Maine, and then with her brother, a Unitarian minister, in Watertown, Massachusetts.

In 1828, she married Harvard graduate, David Lee Child. He was a lawyer and abolitionist. His idealism prevented him from providing his wife with a comfortable home. The childless couple lived in near poverty. In the last years of her life, Child became a . She kept company only with her husband. He died in 1874. 

## Career
Her first novel, *Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times*, was published anonymously in 1824. It sold well. Another novel followed in 1825. In 1826, she founded and published *Juvenile Miscellany*, the first magazine for children in the United States. She wrote a book about housekeeping in 1829,*The Frugal Housewife*, a book about child-rearing in 1831, ''The Mother's Book*, and a book for children, *The Little Girl's Own Book*, also in 1831.

She turned her social concerns to Native Americans in *The First Settlers of New England* in 1829, and then to African Americans in 1833 with *An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans''. This book prompted many Americans to join the abolition movement, but it also caused Child to be shunned socially. Family friends withdrew their support for her children's magazine, forcing it into bankruptcy. Her nonfiction books about women's concerns and rights in the 1830s sold poorly.

In 1841, she moved to New York City. She edited an anti-slavery weekly for two years, then collected and published her columns written for a Boston newspaper.  Her husband was working as a journalist in Washington, D.C. during these years, but the couple reunited and moved to Wayland, Massachusetts in 1850. In the following years, she wrote books about female sex workers, the evolution of religion, African Americans, and Native Americans. Her last book, *Aspirations of the World* appeared in 1878.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Sarah Kemble Knight

**Sarah Kemble Knight** (1666–1727) was a colonial American businessperson and  writer. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She managed the family business after her father's death. She wrote *The Journal of Madame Knight* while travelling between Boston and NYC on business. The book is valued for its authentic peek at colonial life in 18th-century America.

## References
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper

**Frances Ellen Watkins Harper** (1825–1911) was an African American lecturer, suffragist, and writer. Her book of antislavery verse, *Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects* (1854), sold thousands of copies. Her "The Two Offers" (1859) was the first short story published by an African American.

## References
Ann Hennis Trotter Bailey

**Ann Hennis Trotter Bailey** (1742 – November 22, 1825) was a scout and a messenger during the American Revolutionary War. She is remembered for her 100-mile ride from Fort Clendenin to Fort Savannah in order to bring back much needed gun powder during an Indian attack.

## Life
Ann was born in Liverpool, England in 1742.  She was poor and went to America when she was 19. In 1765, she married Richard Trotter. They moved to Staunton, Virginia.  Richard was killed by Indians during the Battle of Point Pleasant on October 10, 1774. Ann swore to avenge his death.

She began wearing men’s clothing and learned to shoot a gun.  She volunteered her services as a scout and messenger in the American Revolution. She sometimes met Indians during her trips to the frontier. They feared her because she was "mad". She was known as "Mad Ann".

She married John Bailey in 1785.  He was a Ranger and frontiersman. In 1788, he began duty at Fort Clendenin. In 1791, Indians were planning to attack the Fort. The militia did not have enough gun powder to fight them.  Ann volunteered to ride 100 miles to Fort Savannah for the needed gun powder. She returned a hero.

John Bailey died in 1802. Ann gave up her home. She lived in the wilderness for over 20 years. She travelled about visiting family and friends. She died on November 22, 1825. She was buried in Gallia County, Ohio. Her remains were moved to Point Pleasant at a later date.

## References
* NWHM: Ann Hennis Trotter Bailey
Fernandel

**Fernand Joseph Désiré Contandin** was a French actor and singer. He is usually called **Fernandel**. 

He was born on 8 May 1903 in Marseille, France. He acted in comedies for vaudeville and operettas. He was best known for his role in the *Don Camillo* series of movies. His first Hollywood movie was *Around the World in Eighty Days*.

Fernandel died 26 February 1971 from lung cancer. He is buried in the Cimetière de Passy, Paris, France.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
East Rutherford, New Jersey

**East Rutherford, New Jersey** is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey. It is close to Manhattan. It has several major local sports teams based at  MetLife Stadium and the Meadowlands Sports Complex.

## Other websites
*East Rutherford
Sam Houston

**Samuel "Sam" Houston** (March 2, 1793 &ndash; July 26, 1863) was an American statesman, politician, and soldier.  He is best known for his leading role in bringing Texas into the United States. Houston, Texas and Sam Houston State University was named after him.

Shortly afterwards, he relocated to Coahuila y Tejas, then a Mexican state, and became a leader of the Texas Revolution. Sam Houston supported annexation by the United States. When he assumed the governorship of Texas in 1859, Houston became the only person to have become the governor of two different U.S. states through direct, popular election, as well as the only state governor to have been a foreign head of state.

Houston was born on March 2, 1793 in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was of an Irish-Scottish descent. Houston was married to Eliza Allen from 1829 until they divorced in 1837. Then he was married to Diana Rogers Gentry until they divorced. Then he was married to Margaret Moffette Lee from 1840 until his death in 1863. Houston had seven children. Houston died on July 26, 1863 in Huntsville, Texas from pneumonia, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
* *Life of General Houston, 1793–1863* published 1891, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
* *Sam Houston ; David Crockett.* published 1901, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
* 
* Sam Houston Memorial Museum 
* Sam Houston Memorial Museum Antiquities Collection  From Texas Tides 
* Sam Houston's Obituary – The Tri Weekly Telegraph, Houston, Texas July 29, 1863 – TexasBob.com
* Sam Houston Historic Schoolhouse in Maryville, TN USA
* Documentary film on life of Sam Houston.  Massive web site with many pictures, links, and educational tools. 
* Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture entry
* Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of Governor Sam Houston, 1827–1829 
* Sam Houston Rode a Gray Horse 
* Houston Family Papers, 1836–1869 and undated, in the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library at Texas Tech University
**Booknotes* interview with Marshall DeBruhl on *Sword of San Jacinto: The Life of Sam Houston*, May 2, 1993.
Johann David Wyss

**Johann David Wyss** (28 May 1743 – 11 January 1818) was a Swiss writer. He wrote **Swiss Family Robinson'' in 1812.

## Sources
Dorothy McGuire

**Dorothy Hackett McGuire**  (June 14, 1916 – September 13, 2001) was an American stage and movie actress. She appeared in plays on Broadway, including  *Our Town* and then starring in a comedy, *Claudia*. After being discovered to be a good actress on the stage, she had a more successful career in movies.  She appeared in *A Summer Place*, *Old Yeller*, *A Tree Grows in Brooklyn* and *Swiss Family Robinson*.
Sake Dean Mohammed

**Sake Dean Mahomed** (; 1759 – 24 February 1851) was an Indian traveler, surgeon and entrepreneur. He introduced South Asian cuisine (and Indian) and shampoo baths to Europe, where he also offered therapeutic massage., in addition to that he was the first Indian writer to be published in English.

At the age of 11, Mahomed joined the East India Company Army and rose to the rank of captain. He fought in a number of campaigns until 1782 when he resigned from the army and two years later arrived in Britain. Staying in Ireland he wrote and published his book, The Travels of Dean Mahomet. He later moved to Portman Square where he became an assistant to Sir Basil Cochrane at his vapour bath.

This is where Mr Mahomed is said to have added an Indian treatment, champi (shampooing) or therapeutic massage, to Cochrane's bath which became very fashionable.

Sake Dean Mahomed also developed a fashionable massage.

In 1810 he opened the Hindoostane Coffee House which was located off of George Street, near Portman Square, Central London. The restaurant served Hookah with real Chilm tobacco and Indian-style dishes. The premises is now a building called Carlton House.

To many who are now part of the city's expansive curry house business, Mahomed was a pioneer.

Although forced to declare bankruptcy in 1812, he created a concept that was to become something of a phenomenon 100 years later, said Vivek Singh, chef at the Cinnamon Club, a Westminster restaurant serving New Indian cuisine.

Mr Mahomed's plan had been to serve "Indianised" British food which would appeal to the Indian aristocracy in London as well as British people who had returned from India, he said.

"The Indian aristocracy however would not come out to eat in the restaurant because they had chefs at home cooking more authentic food - it was just not a big enough draw to come out."

A few years later he opened special treatment baths on the seafront at East Cliff, Brighton.

He died in 1851 and was buried in St Nicholas' churchyard in Brighton

## Notes
## References
Kidnapped (movie)

***Kidnapped*** is a Walt Disney movie from 1960. It stars James MacArthur and Peter O'Toole. It is based on the book, *Kidnapped*, by Robert Louis Stevenson.
Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier

***Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier*** is a 1955 Walt Disney movie starring Fess Parker as Davy Crockett. It is a compilation of the first 3 Davy Crockett episodes. The episodes used were Davy Crockett Indian Fighter, Davy Crockett Goes to Congress and Davy Crockett at the Alamo.

## References
James MacArthur

**James Gordon MacArthur** (December 8, 1937 – October 28, 2010) was an American actor. He appeared in four Walt Disney movies including *Swiss Family Robinson* and *Kidnapped*. He played Danny "Danno" Williams in the television series *Hawaii Five-O*.
Romeo and Juliet (1936 movie)

***Romeo and Juliet*** is a 1936 American movie starring Leslie Howard, John Barrymore, Edna Mae Oliver, Basil Rathbone, and Norma Shearer. It was directed by George Cukor. It is based on a play by William Shakespeare. It was nominated for four Academy Awards in 1937.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Conrad Richter

**Conrad Michael Richter** (October 13, 1890 &ndash; October 30, 1968) was an American writer. He wrote *The Light in the Forest*. The book was made into a Walt Disney movie. One of his novels won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1951.

## References
Kuusamo

**Kuusamo** is a town in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It is in the eastern part of Lapland. Kuusamo has an area of . As of January 2014, it had a population of almost 16,000 people. Neighbouring municipalities are Posio, Salla, Suomussalmi and Taivalkoski. Oulanka National Park is in the areas of Kuusamo and Salla. Kuusamo is the main winter sports center. It is known for its largest ski resort called Ruka.

There is also an airport in Kuusamo.

## Other websites 
* The official Kuusamo page
Tony McCoy (actor)

**Tony McCoy** (July 5, 1924 - August 2, 2000) was an American actor. He played police Lt. Craig in Ed Wood's 1956 sci-fi horror movie *Bride of the Monster*. This movie also starred Bela Lugosi, Tor Johnson, Paul Marco, and Loretta King.
Forssa

**Forssa** is a town in Finland. On 31 July 2013, there were 17,724 people living there.

## Other websites 
* Town of Forssa – Official website
Phil Bessler

**Philip Rudolph Bessler** (December 9, 1913 – February 13, 1995) was a Canadian ice hockey right winger that played a total of 31 games in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Bessler played in the NHL with the Boston Bruins for 9 games, the Detroit Red Wings for 5 games and the Chicago Black Hawks for 17 games. He has also played with the Boston Cubs of the Canadian-American Hockey League for 2 seasons and the Pittsburgh Hornets, Cleveland Barons, and the Providence Reds of the International-American Hockey League. He played 3 seasons with Omaha Knights of the American Hockey Association and then retired from professional ice hockey.

## Other websites 
*
Quidditch

**Quidditch** is a fictional sport in the *Harry Potter* books written by J. K. Rowling. Quidditch is a team game played by witches and wizards. It is played on flying brooms. There are seven players per team (three Chasers, two Beaters, a Keeper, and a Seeker). The game has many rules. Chasers shoot the Quaffle (the ball) into the other team's goal to score points. The Keeper tries to stop the Quaffle from getting through the goal. Players dodge Bludgers, balls that are charmed to hit players. Players called Beaters hit Bludgers away with bats. The game ends when the Seeker player catches a winged ball called the Snitch. The team of the Seeker who caught the Snitch gets 150 points. In 2005 a real sport called muggle quidditch was started at Middlebury College.

## References
Connector

**Connector** is general name for an electric connector, an electromechanical device for connecting electrical conductors.

Examples: 
*RCA connector
*XLR connector
*Phone connector
Bactrian

**Bactrian** may refer to:
*Something from Bactria, a region in central Asia
*Bactrian language
*Bactrian camel
HIM Damsyik

Hajji **Incik Muhammad Damsyik** (14 March 1929 – 3 February 2012), better known as **HIM Damsyik**, was an Indonesian dancer and actor.

## References
;Bibliography

*
* 
*
*
*
*
*
Lockheed-Martin X-35

The **Lockheed-Martin X-35** is a prototype aircraft designed and built in the United States. It was selected against the Boeing X-32 for the Joint Strike Fighter program. Three variants of **X-35** were built. Series aircrafts are known like F-35 Lightning II.

## Variants 
* X-35A, designed for replacement of General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon and Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II in the US Air Force.
* X-35B, designed for replacement of Mc Donnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II in the US Marines Corps.
* X-35C, designed for replacement of McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet in the US Navy.

## Bibliography 
* Frawley, Gerard, *The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003* .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
* Donald, David, ''Carrier Aviation Air Power Directory, The World's carrier and their aircraft 1950 - Present''. London: Airtime Publishing, 2001. .
Nick Adams

**Nick Adams** (July 10, 1931February 7, 1968) was an American actor. He starred in the television series *The Rebel* between 1959 and 1961.

## Other websites
*
*
*Crime Magazine: "Nick Adams: His Hollywood Life and Death", by Peter L. Winkler
*
Bedtime for Bonzo

***Bedtime for Bonzo*** is a comedy movie starring Ronald Reagan. It is about a chimpanzee named Bonzo. It was followed by *Bonzo Goes to College* in 1952 and was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Mono

**Mono** may refer to:

## Biology 
* Infectious mononucleosis, "the kissing disease" 
* Monocyte, a type of leukocyte (white blood cell)
* Monodactylidae, members of which are referred to as monos

## Technology and computing 
* Mono (audio), single-channel sound reproduction
* Mono (software), a software framework

## Music
### Performers
* Mono (Japanese band), an instrumental band
* Mono (UK band), an electronic band
* MONO, Vietnamese male singer, Son Tung M-TP's younger brother
* Miky Mono, former member of Mono Inc., a German gothic rock band
* Richard Targett and the Monos, a side-project to The Trudy

### Albums
* *Mono* (Alpha Wolf album) or the title song, 2017
* *Mono* (Fury in the Slaughterhouse album), 1993
* *Mono* (K.Flay album), 2023
* *Mono* (The Icarus Line album), 2001
* *Mono* (Lena Katina album) or the title song, 2019
* *Mono* (The Mavericks album), 2015
* *Mono* (mixtape), by RM, 2018
* *Mono*, by Paul Westerberg, packaged with *Stereo*, 2002

### Songs
* "Mono" (song), by Courtney Love, 2004
* "Mono", by Fightstar from *They Liked You Better When You Were Dead*, 2005
* "Mono", by Monrose from *Ladylike*, 2010
* "Mono", by Whitechapel from *Our Endless War*, 2014

## Places
### United States
* Mono or Mono Mills, California, a ghost town
* Mono County, California
** Mono Village, Mono County, California, a former settlement
* Mono Lake, California
* Mono Pass, Yosemite National park, California

### Elsewhere
* Mono Department, Benin
* Mono, Ontario, Canada, a town
* Monó, Romania, a village
* Mono Island, Solomon Islands
* Mono River, Togo

## Ethnicities and languages
* Mono people, an ethnic group of California
* Mono people (Congo), an ethnic group the Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Mono language (California)
* Mono language (Cameroon)
* Mono language (Congo)
* Mono language (Solomon Islands), a dialect of Mono-Alu

## Other uses 
* Mono-, a numerical prefix representing anything single
* BAC Mono, a British sports car which began production in 2011
* Mono, a character in the video game *Little Nightmares II*
* Mono, a character in the video game *Shadow of the Colossus*
* *Mono* (movie), a 2016 American movie featuring Sam Lerner
* Monomorphism, in abstract mathematics
* Order of Mono, a Togolese order of chivalry
* José María Gatica (1925–1963), Argentine boxer nicknamed "El Mono"

## Related pages
*
What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?

***What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?*** is a 1962 black and white movie thriller-horror movie starring Joan Crawford and Bette Davis. It is about two aged women who are sisters and ex-movie actresses. It was directed by Robert Aldrich.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Tony McCoy

**Anthony Peter McCoy** OBE (born 4 May 1974), commonly known as **A. P. McCoy** or **Tony McCoy**, is a horse racing jockey from Northern Ireland. He lives and races in England.   

McCoy won for the first time in 1992. He was 17 years of age at the time. McCoy has rode over 3,850 winning horses. This is many more than any other National Hunt jockey ever.  McCoy has been Champion Jockey every year he has been professional. Even in his first season riding in Britain, McCoy won the Conditional Jump Jockeys Title with a record 74 winners for a conditional jockey. McCoy got his first Champion Jockey title in 1995/6. As of 2012/2013, he has won the title 18 times in a row. The old record was 7 consecutive titles by Peter Scudamore.  

McCoy has won almost every big race there is. His most high profile winners include the Cheltenham Gold Cup, Champion Hurdle, Queen Mother Champion Chase, King George VI Chase and the 2010 Grand National, riding the horse "Don't Push It".  

McCoy has raced in over 13,000 races. This is equal to 31,000 miles or 1.25 times around the Earth. He has had many falls since becoming a jump jockey. McCoy has injured many bones in his body. These include middle and lower vertebrae, both shoulder blades, ribs, an ankle, cheekbones, a wrist, a leg, collar bone, fingers and teeth. 

McCoy was named BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 2010. He was the first jockey to win the award.

## References
Aloysius Gonzaga

Saint **Aloysius Gonzaga** (9 March 1568 - 21 June 1591) was born in the family's castle of Castiglione delle Stiviere in Italy and died at 23 while in training to be a Jesuit. He is a saint in the Roman Catholic Church.

In 1576, at the age of eight, he was sent to Florence with his brother at the court of the Duke of Florence. After leaving Florence he met St. Charles Borromeo and from him received First Communion. 

After a period at the court in Spain he returned to Italy and he renounced his heritage in favor of his brother. Though in delicate health, he cared for those suffering from an epidemic in Rome, hence his early death. 

He was beatified in 1605 and made saint in 1726. 

The feast day is celebrated on June 21.

## References 
## Other websites
*Catholic online profile
Tuber

A **tuber** is the thickened part of an underground stem of a plant, such as the potato, with buds from which new plant shoots (stems and young leaves of a new plant) grow.

Most tubers are formed in the ground, but sometimes they can be formed above the ground, in the aerial stems; that is the case of the **air potato** (*Dioscorea bulbifera*).

## Functions
Tuber stems (or part of stems) are made bigger to store nutrients. Starch (formed by a lot of glucose molecules) is the most commonly stored food in the tubers, although other carbohydrates, such as inuline (formed by many fructose molecules), are stored in the tubers of certain kinds of plants, like the Jerusalem artichoke (*Helianthus tuberosus*).

The purpose of tubers are saving food and reproduction. Under natural conditions, the parts of the stem that connect the tubers with the main stem die in the autumn or winter.  The tubers are left in the ground and are able to produce shoots from their buds the following spring.

Potatoes are also artificially reproduced by tuber pieces, called "seed pieces". A tuber is cut into pieces, each with one or more "eyes" (an "eye" of potato is a group of buds covered by very small leaves). These pieces are planted and each produces a new plant from one of its "eyes".

File:Solanum tuberosum 02.jpg|Tuber of potato (*Solanum tuberosum*).
File:Helianthus tuberosus.jpg|Tuber of Jerusalem artichoke (*Helianthus tuberosus*).
File:Oca.jpg|Tuber of oca (*Oxalis tuberosa*).
File:Bulbifera.jpg|Aerial tuber of *Dioscorea bulbifera*.

## Tuberous roots
A **tuberous root** or storage root, is a modified lateral root, made bigger to function as a storage organ; sometimes these roots are called "tubers" but they are roots, not modified stems like the true tubers. They are thus different in origin but similar in function and appearance to tubers. Examples of plants with important tuberous roots include the sweet potato, cassava, yam and dahlia.

## Related pages 
*Bulb
*
*Corm
*Rhizome

## References
The Fall of the Roman Empire (movie)

***The Fall of the Roman Empire*** (1964) is an historical movie starring Stephen Boyd, Christopher Plummer, Sophia Loren, and Alec Guinness. It is about ancient Roman history. It is sometimes considered the last of the big-budget peplum movies.

## Plot 
Commodus (Christopher Plummer) is disinherited by his father Marcus Aurelius (Alec Guiness), by adopting a step-son, his favorite general Livius (Stephen Boyd). As a result, Commodus murders his father, and becomes emperor and rules as a tyrant.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Chinese Americans

**Chinese American** describes citizens of the United States who have come from China or whose family came from China. They are the largest group of Asian Americans. Famous Chinese Americans include Yo Yo Ma, Bruce Lee and George Li. As of 2010 there are nearly 4 million Chinese Americans, just over 1% of the total population of the U.S.

## Related pages 
* Chinese Australians
* Chinese Canadians

## References
## Other websites
*Stanford page 
* Factfinder Chinese Americans 2005 American Community Survey 
* The Rocky Road to Liberty: A Documented History of Chinese American Immigration and Exclusion 
* Famous Chinese Americans Comprehensive list of famous Chinese Americans organized by professions. Includes short biographical notes and Chinese names.
Santa Fe Trail (movie)

***Santa Fe Trail*** is a 1940 historical romantic movie directed by Michael Curtiz. It is about the capture of John Brown at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. A subplot involves a love triangle. The movie stars Ronald Reagan as Jeb Stuart, Errol Flynn as George Custer, Raymond Massey as John Brown, and Olivia de Havilland as 'Kit Carson' Holliday.

## References
Lily of the valley

**Lily of the valley** is a flowering plant.  It is found in the Northern Hemisphere in Asia and Europe.  It is also in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the United States.  The scientific name is **Convallaria majalis**.

Lily of the valley is a herbaceous perennial plant. The flower has a sweet scent and also national flower in Finland.  The plant is highly poisonous.  They bloom in late spring. 

## Other websites
**Convallaria majalis* fact sheet  – NC State University Urban Horticulture