open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nature (journal)

***Nature*** is a scientific journal.  It was first published on 4 November 1869. It is the world's most cited  scientific journal.  That means that, when scientists write formal reports of their experiments, they list all the earlier studies that they read in their reference section.  They list studies from *Nature* in their reference sections more than studies from any other journal. It is also the longest continuously published scientific weekly.

Most scientific journals are now specific to just one kind of science, for example only biochemistry or only mining science. *Nature* is one of the few journals which still publish original research articles across the whole range of science. Important new advances and original scientific research is published as articles or letters in *Nature*. *Nature* also prints surveys and reviews of important research fields.

Research scientists are the primary audience for the journal, but ordinary people read it as well. Because of this, articles are written and edited to make them understandable to scientists in other fields and any educated person. 

In the first pages of each issue are editorials, news and feature articles on issues of general interest to scientist. Topics include current affairs, science funding, business, scientific ethics and research breakthroughs. There are also sections on books and arts. Because of limits on the length of articles, often the printed text is a summary of the work in question. Details may be put in *supplementary material* on the journal's website.

Nature has spun off a series of more specialised journals which publish longer, more technical articles which would be unsuitable for Nature's wider readership.

## References
Kozhikode

**Kozhikode (कोझिकोड, കോഴിക്കോട്)**, also known as **Calicut**, is a city in the state of Kerala in southern India. Kozhikode is the third largest city in Kerala. It is part of the second largest urban agglomeration in Kerala with a metropolitan population of 2,030,519 as per 2011 census. The city lies about  north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.

## References
Jerzy Nowak

**Jerzy Nowak** (June 20, 1923 &ndash; March 26, 2013) was a Polish actor and teacher. He was known for his roles as a Jewish investor in ''Schindler's List*, as a "bumpkin farmer" in *Three Colors: White*, and as the great creative Zucker in *The Promised Land''.

Nowak was born on June 20, 1923 in Brzesko, Poland. He was raised in Kraków, Poland. Nowak studied at the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts.

He was married two times. He was married to his second wife, Maria Andruszkiewicz-Smith, from 1989 until his death in 2013. He had no children.

Nowak died on March 26, 2013 in Warsaw, Poland from natural causes, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kramer vs. Kramer

***Kramer vs. Kramer*** is a 1979 American drama movie. It was written and directed by Robert Benton. It is based on a novel by Avery Corman. It stars Dustin Hoffman and Meryl Streep as New York City married couple Ted and Joanna Kramer. She leaves him and their son; the couple divorce. Fifteen months later, she decides she wants custody of the child, taking Ted to court.

## Other websites 
*
Murchison meteorite

The **Murchison** meteorite is named after the place it fell: Murchison, Victoria, Australia.  It is large (over 100&nbsp;kg) and it was seen falling.  It is one of the most studied meteorites, since it belongs to a group of meteorites rich in organic compounds, known as carbonaceous chondrites.

On 28 September 1969 at about 10:58 am, a bright fireball was seen. It separated into three fragments before disappearing, leaving a cloud of smoke. The mass is over 100&nbsp;kg.

## The biochemistry 
This type of meteorite is rich in carbon. Murchison contains over 15 amino acids. The amino acids found in the Murchison meteorite can be (and have been) synthesised in laboratory experiments. This was done by the action of electric discharge on a mixture of methane, nitrogen, and water with traces of ammonia. The organic materials identified included sugar-like compounds (polyols).

Several lines of evidence show that the inside of well-preserved fragments from Murchison are pristine (not contaminated). A 2010 study identified  14,000 molecular compounds (including 70 amino acids) in a sample of the meteorite. There may be 50,000 or more different molecular compositions in the meteorite.

### Nucleobases 
Measured purine and pyrimidine compounds are in the Murchison meteorite. Carbon isotope ratios for uracil and xanthine show a non-terrestrial origin for these compounds. The results show many organic compounds which are components of life on Earth were already present in the early Solar System. They may have played a  role in life's origin.

## References
Curse of Tippecanoe

The name **Curse of Tippecanoe** (also known as '''Tecumseh's Curse**, the **Presidential Curse**, **Zero-Year Curse**, the **Twenty-Year Curse**, or the **Twenty-Year Presidential Jinx''') is used to describe the death of Presidents of the United States in office while elected or re-elected in a year ending in "0".

The "curse" began when President William Henry Harrison (elected in 1840) died in office from pneumonia just one month after becoming President.  According to a folk tale, the "curse" happened because then-General Harrison had fought on Native American grounds during the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe.  The battle was famous, and "Old Tippecanoe" became Harrison's nickname.  But the battle made the Native Americans so angry that they cursed his name.

The last President included in this "curse" to die was John F. Kennedy.  He was elected in 1960 and assassinated in 1963.  Two later Presidents elected in "0" years: Ronald Reagan (1980), survived an assassination attempt, George W. Bush (2000), who also survived an assassination attempt, and Joe Biden (2020), who faced no significant assassination attempts. 

## Presidents
The following Presidents were part of the "curse":

* William Henry Harrison (1841) (Pneumonia)
* Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865, second term) (Assassinated)
* James A. Garfield (1881) (Assassinated)
* William McKinley (1897-1901, second term) (Assassinated)
* Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) (Pneumonia)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945, fourth term) (Brain hemorrhage)
* John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) (Assassinated)

The only president who died in office without being elected in a "cursed" year was Zachary Taylor, who was elected in 1848 and died in 1850.

### Survivors
The most recent two Presidents elected in a "zero" year survived the "curse":

* Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) (Assassination attempt) 
* George W. Bush (2001-2009) (Assassination attempt)

Many people think that the curse was broken or lifted when John Hinckley tried to kill Ronald Reagan while he left a hotel in Washington, D.C.. After Reagan survived the attack no other Presidents after him were harmed until George W. Bush was elected.

## References
## Other websites
*The Mortal Presidency: Film and Documentary  Shapell Manuscript Foundation
Hank Blade

**Henry "Hank" Blade** (April 28, 1921 – February 8, 2003) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre that played 24 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks. 

Blade also played for the Ottawa Commandos and Ottawa Senators of the QSHL, Kansas City Pla-Mors and Milwaukee Sea Gulls of the USHL, Pittsburgh Hornets of the AHL and Calgary Stampeders of the PCHL and the WHL. He died on February 8, 2003.

## Other websites
*
*
Theoren Fleury

**Theoren Wallace "Theo" Fleury** (born June 29, 1968) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger that played 16 seasons in National Hockey League (NHL).

Fleury was drafted by the Calgary Flames with the 166th overall pick in the 1987 NHL Draft. Fleury played in the NHL for four teams, Calgary Flames from 1988 to 1999, Colorado Avalanche during the 1998-99 NHL season, New York Rangers from 1999 to 2002, and Chicago Blackhawks during the 2002-03 NHL season. He won the Stanley Cup with the Flames in the 1988–89 NHL season. Fleury also won a gold medal with Team Canada in the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Fleury wrote an autobiography titled *Playing with Fire*, and it was released on October 16, 2009. In the autobiography, he wrote about being sexually abused at the hands of his coach, Graham James. He also wrote about his battles with drug and alcohol addictions and mentioned that he placed a loaded gun in his mouth and contemplated suicide in 2004. Fleury is currently a motivational speaker and has participated in numerous charitable causes. He was a participant on the second season of the figure skating reality show Battle of the Blades and finished in 5th place with his partner Jamie Salé.

## References
## Other websites
*Offical website 
*
La Güera

**La Güera** (also known as **Tagwirt**, **Lagouira**, or **El Gouera**) (Berber: ⵜⴰⴳⵡⵉⵔⵜ, Arabic: الكويرة) is a ghost town on the Atlantic coast at the southern tip of Western Sahara. It is on the western side of the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula. The ghost town is  west of Nouadhibou. It is also the name of a daira at the Sahrawi refugee camps in south-western Algeria. The name comes from the Spanish word '''' which is a ditch which carries rainwater to the crops. By 2002, it had been abandoned and parts of it had been covered by sand. At the time, only a few Imraguen fishermen lived there and the area was guarded and controlled by a Mauritanian military outpost, despite this not being formally Mauritanian territory.

La Güera is the southernmost town of Western Sahara. It is claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Lagouira is situated south of the Moroccan Wall, and abandoned by both Moroccan and POLISARIO forces.

## References
Taffy Abel

**Clarence John "Taffy" Abel** (May 28, 1900 – August 1, 1964) was an American professional ice hockey defenseman that played 8 seasons in the National Hockey League.

Abel played 3 seasons with the New York Rangers and 5 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks. He also played for the Minneapolis Millers of the Central Hockey League for 23 games and won a silver medal with the United States in the 1924 Winter Olympics. He won the Stanley Cup with the Rangers in the 1927–28 NHL season. After he retired, he returned to his hometown and coached ice hockey as well as operated a tourist hotel. He was inducted into the United States Hall of Fame in 1973. He was the first United States-born player to become a NHL regular player.

## Other websites
*
*
Madge Sinclair

**Madge Sinclair** (April 28, 1938 - December 20, 1995) was a character actress. She did voices for many movies. She was born in Kingston, Jamaica. She died in Los Angeles, California due to leukemia.

## References
Pokémon Puzzle Challenge

***Pokémon Puzzle Challenge*** is a puzzle video game for the Game Boy Color game console. It was released in Japan on September 21, 2000, in North America on December 4, 2000, and in Europe on June 15, 2001. It is based on Nintendo's *Panel de Pon* video game series, with a *Pokémon Gold and Silver* theme.

## Gameplay
Players clear blocks that come down by lining them up in horizontal or vertical lines of three or more blocks. The lines have to be of the same kind of block. As new blocks come down, the playfield goes up. If the playfield reaches the top, the game ends. The player can stop the playfield by clearing blocks. The more lines a player clears at once, the higher their score will be.

There are three modes of play: single-player, multiplayer, and training. Players can play as a number of different Pokémon from *Pokémon Gold and Silver*, including Pikachu, Cyndaquil, and Totodile. New Pokémon can be unlocked by winning against other Pokémon trainers.
Histrionic personality disorder

**Histrionic personality disorder** (**HPD**) is a cluster B personality disorder. The name is derived from Latin *histrio*, which is usually translated as actor. People with this condition constantly seek to direct attention to their own person. Very often they also flirt and try to seduce others in inappropriate ways to get this attention, for example by being exhibitionist. These attempts at seduction usually start when they are teenagers. Histrionics feel a strong need to receive a lot of appreciation, admiration and reassurance. HPD affects about four times as many women (4%) as men (1%). It has a prevalence of between two and three percent in the general population, and between ten and fifteen percent in mental health institutions.

HPD lies in the dramatic cluster of personality disorders. People with HPD have a high need for attention, make loud and inappropriate appearances, exaggerate their behaviors and emotions, and crave stimulation.
* **P**rovocative (or seductive) behavior
* **R**elationships are considered more intimate than they actually are
* **A**ttention-seeking
* **I**nfluenced easily
* **S**peech (style) wants to impress; lacks detail
* **E**motional lability; shallowness
* **M**ake-up; physical appearance is used to draw attention to self
* **E**xaggerated emotions; theatrical

## Comorbidity 
Most histrionics also have other mental disorders. HPD is comorbid (often occurs alongside): mood disorders, eating disorders, somatoform disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other personality disorders - especially antisocial, borderline, narcissistic and dependent.

## References
Pokémon Puzzle League

***Pokémon Puzzle League*** is a puzzle video game for the Nintendo 64 game console. It was released in North America and Europe in 2000. Unlike most *Pokémon* games, it was never released in Japan. It is based on Nintendo's *Panel de Pon* puzzle video game series with a *Pokémon* theme. It is the only game to take place in the *Pokémon* anime universe. It was released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2008.

## Gameplay
Players clear blocks that come down by lining them up in horizontal or vertical lines of three or more blocks. The lines have to have the same kind of block. As new blocks come down, the playfield rises. If it makes it to the top, the player loses. The player can stop the playfield from rising by clearing blocks. In two-player games, clearing more than one line at once causes "garbage" blocks to come down on the opponent's side of the field. Garbage blocks can be cleared by clearing lines below them.

The game has two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) modes. In 3D mode, the playfield is a cylinder that is 18 blocks wide.

In two-player games, players can select one of fourteen Pokémon trainers to play as. Unlike other *Pokémon* games, trainers and their Pokémon do not have an effect on the gameplay.
Irwin Corey

**"Professor" Irwin Corey** (July 29, 1914 &ndash; February 6, 2017) was an American comedian, actor, and activist. His career began in 1938. Corey began his stand-up career in an San Francisco club, the Hungry i.

## Early life
Corey was born on July 29, 1914 in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family. His parents were forced to give him up in an Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York. He was never adopted, so he spent the rest of his teenage years in the Asylum. Corey studied at the Belmont High School in Los Angeles, California.

### Influences
Corey was influenced by Charlie Chaplin and by The Marx Brothers. He had influence Lenny Bruce, Mort Sahl, Shelley Berman, Jonathan Winters, Bob Newhart, and Tom Smothers. Lenny Bruce once said that Corey is "one of the most brilliant comedians of all time".   

## Personal life
Corey was married to Fran Corey from 1941 until her death in 2011. They had two children, Margaret Corey (dead) and Richard Corey. He also has a grandson, Amadeo. He lived in his home town of San Francisco, California until moving to Manhattan, New York for his comedic stage career.

Corey died at his Manhattan apartment on February 6, 2017, aged 102.

## Movies
**How to Commit Marriage* (1969)
**Fore Play* (1975)
**Car Wash* (1976)
**Thieves* (1977) (reprising his stage role)
**Chatterbox!* (1977) (cameo)
**Fairy Tales* (1979)
**Stuck on You!* (1983)
**Jack* (1996)
**The Curse of the Jade Scorpion* (2001)
**Irwin & Fran* (2012)

## References
## Other websites
* The Professor's official web site
* 
* National Book Awards speech 
* *New York Press*: "Who Am the World's Foremost Authority?" 
* "Cinema Retro covers Prof. Irwin Corey's 95th birthday party at The Players club" (2009)
Fernie, British Columbia

**Fernie** is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Fernie is in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia.

The population of Fernie was 6,320 in 2021.The mayor of Fernie is Nic Milligan.

Fernie is the only city-class municipality in Canada that is completely encircled by the Rocky Mountains. The Lizard Range in Fernie has the Fernie Alpine Resort, which is one of the largest ski resorts in Canada, as well as Island Lake Catskiing, which is a resort. The city is known for its mining history. Mount Fernie, Mount Klauer, The Three Sisters and Mount Proctor are on the north of Fernie. The fictional Kodiak Valley ski resort in the 2010 movie *Hot Tub Time Machine* was filmed at the Fernie Alpine Resort in Downtown Fernie.

Fernie has an ice hockey team, the Fernie Ghostriders which play in the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League.

On October 17, 2017, an ammonia leak at the Fernie Memorial Arena killed three workers. The Ghost Riders moved to Sparwood for the 2017–18 KIJHL season. The city removed the ammonia and the Ghostriders returned to the arena for the 2018–19 season.

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website
Creepshow

**Creepshow** is a 1982 horror movie directed by George A. Romero and written by Stephen King. Some actors in the movie include Hal Holbrook, Adrienne Barbeau, Fritz Weaver, Don Keefer, Tom Atkins, Carrie Nye, Ted Danson, Ed Harris, Leslie Nielsen, Gwen Verdon and E. G. Marshall. Romero also help create the makeup and special effects along with artist Tom Savini. The movie had positive reviews. The movie was released on November 10, 1982. Two more sequels were made. Roger Ebert gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars.

## References
Warm Bodies (movie)

***Warm Bodies*** is a 2013 American romantic comedy zombie movie. It is based on the novel of the same name. Teresa Palmer, Nicholas Hoult and John Malkovich make up the main cast. The subject is about zombie romance and having supernatural connections. This movie has received positive reviews from critics. Its box office intake has also been very good.
George Gaynes

**George Gaynes** (born **George Jongejans**; May 16, 1917 – February 15, 2016) was a Russian-born American actor. He is known for his roles as Commandant Eric Lassard in the *Police Academy movie series* and as Henry Warnimont in *Punky Brewster*.

Gaynes was born on May 16, 1917 in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire.His uncle was actor George Gaye. Gaynes married Allyn Ann McLerie in 1953. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Tokelauan language

**Tokelauan** is a Polynesian language. It is closely related to Tuvaluan. People who speak Tokelauan and people who speak Tuvaluan can understand each other.

Tokelauan is spoken in Tokelau, American Samoa, and by Tokelauan people in New Zealand.. It is one of the official languages of Tokelau (the other is English).

Tokelauan is written in the Roman alphabet, using 15 letters: a, e, i, o, u, f, g, k, l, m, n, p, h, t, and v.

## Phrases
## Other websites
*Ethnologue report on Tokelauan
*Mini-dictionary sponsored by Tokelau Magic
*"Te Vaka" – A popular New Zealand music group that sings in the Tokelauan language
Maggie McNamara

**Maggie McNamara** (June 18, 1927 - February 18, 1978) was an American actress and model. She acted mostly in movies. She was in the controversial 1953 movie *The Moon is Blue*. McNamara acted in theater plays. She was born in New York City. McNamara committed suicide using barbiturates. She died at age 49.
Mug Root Beer

**Mug Root Beer** is a root beer beverage made by PepsiCo. The beverage dates back to the early to mid 1940s in San Francisco, where the beverage was first produced. There are regular and diet versions. There is also Mug Cream Soda.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Corrective rape

**Corrective rape** (sometimes called **curative rape**) is a hate crime where a person is raped, because of their perceived sexual orientation. People claim to be able to "cure" homosexuals by raping them. Additionally, studies relying on convenience samples can result in higher rates of abuse, which have limited validity describing rates of abuse in the wider population. The people raping say that they can "correct" their orientation, to turn them heterosexual, or to make them "act" more in conformity with gender stereotypes. The term was coined in South Africa after well-known cases of corrective rapes of lesbians like Eudy Simelane and Zoliswa Nkonyana became public. There are many health problems associated with corrective rape, and although some countries have laws protecting LGBT people, corrective rape is often overlooked.

## Related pages 
* Conversion therapy
* Hate crime
* Homophobia

## References
Fermat's little theorem

'''Fermat's little theorem'* is a theorem from number theory. It is named after Pierre de Fermat who found it in the 17th century. It is about the properties of primes. It says that if *a* is a number, and *p'' is a prime number, then in the notation of modular Arithmetic, it can be expressed as,
:a^p \equiv a\,(\mathrm{mod}\,p),
If a is not a multiple of p, then the following is often used:
:a^{p-1} \equiv 1\,(\mathrm{mod}\,p)
Division of Flinders

The **Division of Flinders** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division was one of the original 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It once covered country areas south and east of Melbourne which are now outer southern suburbs on the Mornington Peninsula, including Dromana, Hastings and Portsea.

It is named for Matthew Flinders, the first man to sail right around Australia, and the person who gave Australia her name. 

## Members
It has usually been a fairly safe seat for the Liberal Party and the earlier conservative parties. It was won by the Australian Labor Party in 1929 when Prime Minister Stanley Bruce was defeated. This was the first time an Australian Prime Minister has lost his own seat at a general election. The only other time this has happened was when Liberal Prime Minister John Howard lost his seat of Bennelong in the 2007 election. 

James Faibairn was Australia's first Minister for Air; he was one of three government ministers killed in the Canberra air disaster in 1940.

Sir Phillip Lynch and Peter Reith were former Deputy Liberal leaders.

Greg Hunt was Minister for the Environment in the Abbott Government.

## Election results
## References
*Division of Flinders – Australian Electoral Commission

## Other websites
* Greg Hunt's website
Dryadoideae

The **Dryadoideae** subfamily of the Rosaceae consists of four genera. These genera are unusual in the family Rosaceae because they all have the nitrogen-fixing bacteria called *Frankia* in their roots. Dryadoideae plants are subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees. Their fruits are either an achene or an aggregate of achenes.

## Notes
Gender role

A **Gender role** is the idea that people should behave in certain ways because of their gender. As an example, in a hunter-gatherer economy, men usually do more hunting and women do more gathering. In a money economy, it was traditionally the role of the man to earn money, and the role of the woman to educate the children. Such behavior may be a result of social and cultural factors. In the case it is the result of socialization.  There is still a discussion to what extent the observed behaviour is a function of the personality, and to what extent social factors play a role in the determination of gender-specific differences in behaviour.

Gender roles are dependent on the culture and history of the society that they are part of. While most cultures express two genders, some express more. Androgyny, for example, has been proposed as a third gender. Other societies have been claimed to have more than five genders, and some non-Western ones have three genders – man, woman and third gender. Gender expression refers to the external manifestation of one's gender identity, through "masculine," "feminine," or gender-variant or gender neutral behavior, clothing, hairstyles, or body characteristics.

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women says that stereotyped gender role should be abolished.
File:Michelina de Cesare.jpg|Breaking out of gender role: Michelina de Cesare was a Brigand who fought for the freedom of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
File:WomanFactory1940s.jpg|During the Second World War, women often did work that had been done by men beforehand.This image shows a woman working in a factory, in the 1940s.
File:US Navy 031027-N-0000W-001 Family Nurse Practitioner Lt. Cmdr. Michael Service cares for a young girl at the U.S. Naval Hospital (USNH) Yokosuka.jpg|A male nurse at a hospital of the US Navy attends to a child

## References
## Related pages
*Sexism
Alternative fuel vehicle

Alternative fuel vehicles are vehicles that use energy that comes from something other than petroleum (oil). (Gasoline and diesel fuel come from petroleum).  Most of the alternative energy does not need to be imported from other countries, so money stays in the country.  Some (but not all) come from renewable sources. Many produce less pollution than gasoline or diesel. 

Alternative fuel vehicles cover a wide range of engines and motors.
* Electric vehicle - no pollution from the car, but there can be some pollution where the electricity is made
* Natural gas vehicle - a fossil fuel, but burns much cleaner than gasoline, and there is more natural gas available than petroleum
* Biodiesel vehicle - diesel fuel that comes from plant (or sometimes animal) oils
* Ethanol vehicle - quite often ethanol is mixed with gasoline, from 10% to 85% ethanol (called E10 or E85)
* Methanol vehicle - Methanol and ethanol are used in many of the fastest race cars
* Butanol vehicle - similar to ethanol and methanol, this can be made from many biofuels, but is not commonly used
* Hydrogen car - also called a fuel cell vehicle, or FCV
* Compressed air vehicle - this technology works, but vehicles are still in the demonstration stage, and range can be a problem
* Propane (or liquefied petroleum gas, LPG)

Also, there are bicycles, rickshaws, and two and three-wheeled human powered vehicles.

## Other websites 
* Alternative Fuels Development Center (U.S. Department of Energy)

## References
Kale

**Kale** is a vegetable with green or purple leaves. It is also called **borecole**. It is in the group of vegetables called *Brassica oleracea* or wild cabbage. It is cruciferous because of the shape of its flowers.

A plant that would have been first cultivated in the Mediterranean area, it was called in these times cabbage well before the well rounded variety existed.  Kale was a significant crop in Roman times; it became a basic staple for peasants in the Middle Ages and it was bought to the United States by the English in the 17th century.

## Usage 
Kale is rarely eaten raw.  We can add it sparingly to salads.  It transmits its well-marked taste to soups and stews.  You can blanch it to attenuate its flavour.  Kale is delicious coated with sauce, sprinkled with cheese or in purée (alone or with mashed potatoes).

## Cooking 
Choose kale with firm leaves, well colored and relatively small, without stain or mold. One cup cooked makes 130 grams. Cut the leaves around the stem, cut the core, separate each leaf.  Wash well with running water or with vinegary water to remove dirt and bugs that could remain.  We cook kale in water or we steam it from 20 to 30 min, braised in a slow cooker, stuffed or sautéed in a wok.

## Preservation 
Put the kale leaves very tight rather than loose in refrigerator without washing it, inside a perforated plastic bag.  It can be kept in this way from five to ten days, but it is more flavorful and less bitter when it is eaten rapidly.  Kale can be frozen after having been blanched two to three minutes, until the leaves soften a bit.

## References
Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec

**Mont-St-Hilaire** is a small town in the province of Quebec. This small city is along the Richelieu River on the south shore of Montreal city. In 2021, Mont-St-Hilaire had a population of 18 859 people. There are many new neighborhoods on the mountain side.

## History
The first Lord of Mont-St-Hilaire was Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville in 1694. Mr. Hertel bought the mountain before anyone was living there. In 1745, the first village was built. In 1768, the first road "Chemin de La Montagne" was built to give access to the first citizens.

In 1837, the Mont St-Hilaire’s church was built. In 1898, a famous painter named Ozias Leduc painted the church. The sculptor Jodi Bonnet and the painters Ozias Leduc and Paul-Émile Borduas lived in the town. 

## Activity 
Many activities are available in this small city. You could hiking in the mountain, picking apple, or to get one the bicycle on the cycle track

## References
Boeing 377

The **Boeing 377**, sometimes called the **Stratocruiser**, was an airliner made by Boeing after World War II. It was derived from the C-97 Stratofreighter, which was a type of Boeing B-29 Superfortress used to move military troops around. The first Stratocruiser first took off on July 8, 1947.

The Stratocruiser had four piston engines. It had a pressurized cabin and two decks. Airlines could fly for much longer with the Stratocruiser, to places like Hawaii.

A key point of the Stratocruiser was pressurization. (first used on the Boeing 307) That meant that if the plane was flying at , to the passengers it would be like they were on the ground. It was very luxurious as passengers would travel in beds 18 in beds and 5 seated 

## History
56 Stratocruisers were made. 55 of these were made for airlines.

The Stratocruiser flew to Hawaii as well as many other places. It was one of the only planes with two decks (another one was the Breguet Deux-Ponts) until the Boeing 747 was made.

In the early 1960s the Stratocruiser was overtaken by jet planes like the de Havilland Comet, Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8.

## Different types of Boeing 377
;377-10-19
:Prototype. It was given to Pan American World Airways in 1950.
;377-10-26
:20 given to Pan American World Airways.
;;377-10-26S
::10 aircraft with better engines and more fuel. It was called the "Super Stratocruiser".

Many other types were made, but most of them only had changes made to the shape of the windows.

### Aero Spacelines Guppy
A company called Aero Spacelines started changing 377s to planes called Guppies in 1960s. There were three types: the Pregnant Guppy, Super Guppy, and Mini Guppy.

The first of them was the Pregnant Guppy. After this they made the Super Guppy and then the Mini Guppy. The Super Guppy and the Mini Guppy had turboprop engines.

## Users
;Ecuador
*Línea Internacional Aérea
;Israel
*Israeli Air Force
;United Kingdom
*British Overseas Airways Corporation
;United States
*American Overseas Airlines
*Northwest Orient Airlines
*Pan American World Airways
*Transocean Air Lines
*United Airlines
;Venezuela
*Rutas Aéreas Nacionales SA

## Accidents
, which shows a Stratocruiser crash-landing in the Pacific Ocean]]
The Stratocruiser had 13 hull-loss accidents between 1951 and 1970. A hull-loss accident is when a plane is damaged so badly it cannot be fixed. 140 people died in the Stratocruiser. The worst accident happened on April 29, 1952.

## Details (377)
## Related pages
## References
;Notes

;Bibliography
* 
*Boeing 377 – Stratocruiser A very comprehensive enthusiast page on the type
*The Aviation History On-Line Museum – Boeing 377 Stratocruiser
*California Classic – The Boeing Model 377 Stratocruiser
**Air Disaster, Vol. 4: The Propeller Era*, by Macarthur Job, Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd. (Australia), 2001 

## Other websites
* Stratocruiser articles
* Anak (Israeli Boeing 377)
Kabbalah

**Kabbalah** (also **Cabala** or **Qabbālâ**) is a Jewish mysticism. The kabbalah started in the 1st-century by Rabbi Simeon bar Yochai. It continued in the 13th century in Spain by Rabbi Moses de León. It tries to explain how something beyond thought and imagining can still be seen and felt. The kabbalah has a great influence on the Jewish spiritual life. It is based on the various spiritual movements.

## Tree of Life 
The kabbalah is based on 10 powers or elements called Sefirot, arranged in a specific way called the "Tree of Life". 

## Other websites 
* Cabala - 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia's scholarship view
* Kabbalah Red Bracelets  - Information about Kabbalah Bracelets, history and meaining
* Don Karr's Bibliographic Surveys of contemporary academic scholarship on all traditions of Kabbalah
* "What is Kabbalah?" - Article from Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidism at Chabad.org
* Kabbalah and Jewish Mysticism - Kabbalah article at JewFaq.org
* Kabbalah.com - Official site of the Kabbalah Centre
* Kabbalah.info - Official site of *Bnei Baruch*
* Kabbalaonline.org  - Orthodox kabbalah reference portal
Dakhla, Western Sahara

**Dakhla** (Berber: ⴷⴰⵅⵍⴰ) is a city in the disputed territory of Western Sahara. It lies about  south of El Aaiún. When Western Sahara was under Spanish rule the name of the city was **Villa Cisneros**. The city was founded in the 16th century. Today, its main economic activities are fishing and tourism. In 2004,  55,618 people lived there.  The city is built on a narrow peninsula of the Atlantic Coast.

There is a paved road that runs through the desert for about  to the estuary of Wadi Draa. There are almost no settlements south of Dakla, to the border with Mauritania. Nouadhibou, in Mauritania is about  to the south.

There are daily bus connections form Dakhla to the north. There are no public transport connections to Mauritania to the south.

## References
## Other websites
Bronchoscopy

**Bronchoscopy** is a medical procedure which is used to look at the inside of a person's airways. It can be used to see the inside of the trachea, and the bronchi and bronchioles within the lungs. There are three types of bronchoscopy: rigid, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and CT virtual bronchoscopy (CTVB).

## Rigid bronchoscopy
Rigid bronchoscopy is a straight rigid tube used to see into the trachea and proximal bronchi. It is usually done in an operating room under general anesthesia. It is usually used when there is a blockage in either the trachea or the primary bronchi. The diameter of the tube is large enough to insert instruments to remove obstructions.

## Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy
During the procedure, a thin, flexible fiberoptic tube, called a bronchoscope, is passed through the nose or mouth nose into the airways. The bronchoscope has a light and a camera which lets the doctor see into the airway.  
  

## CT virtual bronchoscopy
This technique uses data from multiple CT scans to create a three dimensional (3D) image. This allows doctors to see what is going on without having to operate.

## References
Hibiscus trionum

***Hibiscus trionum*** is an annual plant that is native to the east of the Mediterranean in the Levant. 

It has spread both because people grow it as a garden plant, and because it can grow as a weed. The plant grows to a height of 20-50 cm, sometimes as much as 80 cm, and has white or yellow flowers with a purple centre. Common names for the same plant include bladder hibiscus, bladder ketmia, bladder weed, flower-of-an-hour, flower-of-the-hour, modesty, puarangi, shoofly, and venice mallow.

## References
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* missouriplants.com: *Hibiscus trionum* 
* *Flower of an hour*
Neil Clark Warren

**Dr. Neil Clark Warren** (born September 18, 1934) is an American Christian theologian, inspirational speaker, chairman and co-founder of the online dating services eHarmony and Compatible Partners.

Warren was born on September 18, 1934 in Urbandale, Iowa. He was raised in both Des Moines, Iowa and in Chicago, Illinois. Warren studied at Pepperdine University, at the Princeton Theological Seminary, and at the University of Chicago. He now lives in Kennebunkport, Maine.

## References
## Other websites
*Interview with Warren on Fresh Air with Terry Gross, addressing the issue of providing services to those seeking same-sex matches. Audio file.
*Q&A with Warren on National Review, with comments on eHarmony demographics.
Macedonians

**Macedonians** () are a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group native to the region of Macedonia in Southeast Europe. They speak the Macedonian language.

## Origins
The Slavic languages from which Macedonian developed are thought to have grown in the region during the post-Roman period. Many parts of Macedonian culture developed during the rule of Medieval Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian Empires.  Each of these empires controlled the region for a time.

Macedonians' genetic background is thought to be the same as Balkan prehistoric and historic demographic processes. This background is also found in other South Slavs, especially Bulgarians, Serbs, Bosnians, Montenegrins, but also in northern Greeks and Romanians.

The appearance of Ril Slavs in Macedonia and the Balkans happened after the end of Roman authority. Migrations into the area happened, but on a smaller scale: 
"It is now generally agreed that the people who lived in the Balkans after the Slavic "invasions" were probably for the most part the same as those who had lived there earlier, although the creation of new political groups and arrival of small immigrants caused people to look at themselves as distinct from their neighbours, including the Byzantines". The Vergina sun is still used unofficially as a national symbol by some groups in the country and the Macedonian diaspora.

File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Republic_of_Macedonia.svg|The official Coat of Arms
File:Flag of the Republic of Macedonia.svg|The Flag of North Macedonia
File:Flag of North Macedonia (1992–1995).svg|State flag 1992 to 1995

## Related pages 
* Macedonian language

## References
## Further reading
* Brown, Keith, *The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation*, Princeton University Press, 2003. .
* Cowan, Jane K. (ed.), *Macedonia: The Politics of Identity and Difference*, Pluto Press, 2000. A collection of articles.
* 
* Igor Janev,  *Legal Aspects of the Use of a Provisional Name for Macedonia in the United Nations System*, American Journal of International Law, Vol.93, no. 1, January 1999, http://www.asil.org/ajil/AJILJan1999.pdf 

## Other websites
* United Macedonian Diaspora
* World Macedonian Congress
James T. Kirk

**James Tiberius Kirk** is a fictional character in the television and movie franchise *Star Trek*. He the captain of the Starship *Enterprise*. He served on not only The Original Series but after that they began to record movies and in the first movie, we see the Enterprise refit with rectangular nacelles.

James T. Kirk died in the deflector room of the USS Enterprise NCC-1701-B but later dying on the planet in Star Trek: Generations. This is the last movie with the character Captain James Kirk until the 2009 movie when Chris Pine plays him. He is played by Chris Pine twice more in the next two movies.   Kirk is played by actor William Shatner and by Chris Pine.

## References
Long Thanh International Airport

**Long Thanh International Airport** () is a planned international airport (under contruction) in Long Thanh, Dong Nai Province, in southern Vietnam. The airport is planned to be open in 2025.

## Other websites 
*The Long Thanh International Airport project approved  dongnai.gov.vn, August 8, 2006
* Southern province to see new airport  Viet Nam News, June 26, 2004
*Airport & Ground Support Equipment (AGSE) in Vietnam by Le Son (11/25/2005)
*Vietnam: Opportunity for Bidding for Masterplan of USD $8-Billion Long Thanh International Airport by Le Son (February 15, 2007)
A Room with a View (movie)

***A Room with a View*** is a 1985 British romantic drama movie. It is based on the novel of the same name by E.M. Forster. It was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant. It is set in Florence, Italy and in Surrey, England during the 1900s. It stars Helena Bonham Carter, Maggie Smith, Julian Sands, Denholm Elliott, Daniel Day-Lewis, Judi Dench and Simon Callow.

## Other websites 
*
Richard Scarry

**Richard McClure Scarry** (June 5, 1919 – April 30, 1994) was an American author and illustrator. He published over 300 books with over 100 million sales worldwide. His work became popular in the 1960s, and led to a cartoon show on Showtime (TV channel) and Nickelodeon.

## References
## Other websites
*Bio
Brookline, Massachusetts

**Brookline** is a city in Massachusetts. It is west of Boston, Massachusetts. The 2020 United States Census reported that Brookline's population is 63,191. The city was settled in 1638. Brookline was incorporated in 1705.

## Notable people
* Michael Bloomberg, former Mayor of New York City 
*Members of the Kennedy Family
**John F. Kennedy, former President of the United States
**Ted Kennedy, former United States Senator
**Eunice Kennedy Shriver 
**Kathleen Agnes Kennedy Cavendish 
**Rosemary Kennedy 
**Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr.
**Patricia Kennedy 
**Robert F. Kennedy, former United States Senator and United States Attorney General  
**Jean Kennedy Smith 
*Michael Dukakis, the 1988 Presidential election Democratic candidate and former Governor of Massachusetts 
*Mike Wallace, former journalist
*Barbara Walter's
Conan O'Brian 

## References
## Other websites
*
Fumihiko Maki

was a Japanese architect.

In 1993, he won the Pritzker Architecture Prize.

Maki died on 6 June 2024 at the age of 95.

## References
## More reading
* Maki, Fumihiko, "Investigations in Collective Form" , A Special Publication Number 2, The School of Architecture, Washington University : St. Louis : June 1964

## Other websites
* Maki and Associates website
Trading Places

***Trading Places*** is a 1983 American comedy movie. It is a satire directed by John Landis. It is set in Philadelphia and New York City. It stars Dan Aykroyd, Eddie Murphy, Ralph Bellamy, Don Ameche, Denholm Elliott and Jamie Lee Curtis.

## Other websites 
*
Division of Yarra

The **Division of Yarra** was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It was located in inner eastern suburban Melbourne, and was named after the Yarra River. It originally covered the suburbs of Abbotsford, Collingwood, Richmond and part of Fitzroy. By 1969, it no longer covered Abbotsford or Fitzroy, but included Burnley and Hawthorn. Yarra was one of the original 75 divisions set up for the first Federal election in 1901. It was abolished in 1969.

## Members
It was a very safe Labor seat. It was held by only four people: Frank Tudor, a leader of the Australian Labor Party; James Scullin, the 13th Prime Minister of Australia; Stan Keon, an important figure in the ALP–DLP Split; and Jim Cairns, who later became Deputy Prime Minister of Australia.
Daequan Cook

, March 2011]]
**Daequan Cook** (born April 28, 1987) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for the Chicago Bulls of the NBA since 2013. He played for the Oklahoma City Thunder from 2010 through 2012. Then he played for the Houston Rockets from 2012 through 2013.

Cook was born on April 28, 1987 in Dayton, Ohio. He studied at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School.

## References
## Other websites
*Daequan Cook Fan Forum
Jimmy Butler

**Jimmy Butler III** (born September 14, 1989) is an American professional basketball player who got drafted 30th overall in 2011 to the Chicago Bulls. Butler played for the Bulls from 2011–2017. He later played for the Minnesota Timberwolves and Philadelphia 76ers. He is currently playing for the Miami Heat, and later, the  Golden State Warriors of the NBA.

Butler was born on September 14, 1989 in Houston, Texas. He studied at Tomball High School. Then went to Tyler Junior College from 2007–2008. After that, he went to Marquette University from 2008–2011. Butler is among few NBA players of his era to play four years in college.

## References
## Other websites
*Big East for Jimmy Butler 
*Jimmy Butler bio-GoMarquette.com
Alan Kalter

**Alan Robert Kalter** (March 21, 1943 &ndash; October 4, 2021) was an American television announcer. He was best known as the announcer for the *Late Show with David Letterman*, starting in 1995 until his retirement in 2015.

Kalter was born on March 21, 1943 in New York City, New York. He was raised in Brooklyn, New York. Kalter studied at Hobart College. He was married to Carol Cepler until they divorced. He married Peggy Masterson in 2003. 

Kalter died at a hospital in Stamford, Connecticut on October 4, 2021, at age 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bill Wendell

**Bill Wendell** (**William Joseph Wenzel, Jr.**; March 22, 1924 &ndash; April 14, 1999) was an American NBC television announcer. He was the announcer for the *Late Show with David Letterman* from 1993 until he retired in 1995.

Wendell was born on March 22, 1924 in New York City, New York. He studied at Fordham University. Wendell died on April 14, 1999 in Boca Raton, Florida from cancer, aged 75.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Obituary in The New York Times, April 15, 1999.
* Obituary in Variety, May 25, 1999.
Children's literature

in a cover illustration of a volume of fairy tales written in the mid to late 19th century.]]
'''Children's literature''' refers to books written for children and young people.  Many famous authors wrote for children including Hans Christian Andersen, Beatrix Potter, Dr. Seuss, A.A. Milne, J. M. Barrie, Edith Nesbit, Enid Blyton, Lewis Carroll, Astrid Lindgren, JRR Tolkien, C. S. Lewis and JK Rowling. 

There are awards for good books written for children, including the Newbery Medal,  Waterstones Award and Caldecott Award. 

## Classification
Children's literature can be divided into several categories, but it is most easily categorised by genre or the intended age of the reader.  An example of a classification based on age is young-adult fiction, which is written for children between the ages of 12 and 18.

A literary genre is the style of the book. It also refers to the technique, tone, content, or length.
* Picture books, including books that teach the alphabet or counting for example. They either have very few words or none at all.
* Traditional literature, including folktales, which convey the legends, customs, superstitions, and beliefs of people in previous civilizations. This genre can be further broken into subgenres: myths, fables, legends, and fairy tales
* Fiction, including fantasy, realistic fiction, and historical fiction
* Non-fiction
* Biography and autobiography
* Poetry

Many children's books are meant to teach children the consequences of engaging in "bad" behaviour, such as running away, stealing and lying.  *Tom Sawyer* and *Toby Tyler* are two notable examples of the genre.
Deborah Jeane Palfrey

**Deborah Jeane Palfrey** (March 18, 1956 – May 1, 2008) was an American businesswoman and criminal. She was best known by the name she was given by the media, the **D.C. Madam**. Palfrey operated an escort agency, Pamela Martin and Associates, in Washington D.C.. She was convicted on April 15, 2008 of racketeering, using the mail for illegal purposes, and money laundering. Two weeks later, at age 52, she was found hanged in a garage. Autopsy results and the police said her death was a suicide.
 
Palfrey was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Charleroi, Pennsylvania. She grew up in Orlando, Florida.

## References