open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
African plate

The **African Plate** is a major tectonic plate. It includes much of the continent of Africa, as well as the oceanic crust which lies between the continent and various surrounding ocean ridges. Since the continent of Africa includes the African Plate and the smaller plates to its right, some literature refers to the African Plate as the **Nubian Plate** to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.

Between 60 million years ago (mya) and 10 mya, the Somali Plate began rifting from the African Plate along the East African Rift.

 (shaded, center) -- a triple junction where three plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian Plate, the African Plate, and the Somali Plate (USGS)]]

One hypothesis suggests a mantle plume beneath the Afar region. Another hypothesis suggests the rifting is just a zone of weakness as the  plates to its east move northwards.

The African Plate's speed is about  per year. It has been moving over the past 100 million years or so in a general northeast direction. This is drawing it closer to the Eurasian Plate. There is subduction where oceanic crust meets continental crust (in parts of the central and eastern Mediterranean). 

Along its northeast margin, the African Plate is bounded by the Red Sea rift where the Arabian Plate is moving away from the African Plate.

The African, Somali and Arabian Plates were once all part of the great southern supercontinent Gondwana, as was the Indian subcontinent.

## References
Ko Chun-hsiung

**Ko Chun-hsiung** (; 15 January 1945 – 7 December 2015) was a Taiwanese actor, director, producer and politician. His career began in the 1960s and had appeared in over 120 movies.

During his career he has won the Golden Horse Awards, two Asia Pacific Film Festival for Best Actor Awards, a Panama International Film Festival for Best Actor Award. In 2005, Chinese Film Association of Performance Art named Ko on the list of 100 Outstanding Artists in Chinese Film (1905 - 2004).

Chun-hsiung died of lung cancer in Kaohsiung, Taiwan at the age of 70.

## References
## Other websites
* 
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Rhapsody (operating system)

**Rhapsody** was the name given to Apple Computer's next-generation operating system. Apple got the Rhapsody operating system when they bought NeXT Inc. from Steve Jobs for $425 million. The same year Apple released Rhapsody to software developers so they could create versions of their software for the next release of the Apple operating system. But a key software vendor, Adobe Systems, did not like Apple's plan for the new OS. Without Adobe supporting them Apple decided not to go ahead with Rhapsody. Rhapsody was replaced by OS X, scheduled for 1999.
## References
Palmchat

The **palmchat** (*Dulus dominicus*) is a small passerine bird. It is the national bird of the Dominican Republic.

## References
## Other websites
Arabian bustard

The **Arabian bustard** (*Ardeotis arabs*) is a bird native to North Africa and the Middle East. It lives in the Sahel region (Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Sudan), South Sudan, Kenya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

As in all bustards, the male Arabian bustard is much larger than the female. Males have been found to weigh , while females weigh . The record-sized male Arabian bustard weighed . These birds stand from  tall in females to  tall in males.

## References
National Bohemian

**National Bohemian Beer** is an American beer first made in Baltimore, Maryland. It is a premium Bohemian-style beer. Many people call it "Natty Boh" as a nickname.

## History 
In 1885, the National Brewing Company created National Bohemian beer. The first factory was in Baltimore, Maryland. The brewing stopped from 1920 to 1933 due to Prohibition. This was the period when nobody could drink alcohol in the US. In 1933 under the ownership of Jerold Hoffberger the factory of Natty Boh opened again. During the 1940s the factory of National Bohemian was the first in the US to adopt the six pack. In the 1970s, the Hoffberger family sold the brand name. During the next three decades, the brand of this beer was bought and sold by different companies. The copyright of the beer was purchased first by Stroh, then by G. Heileman Brewing, and then by Pabst, in 1999. Since the Hoffberger family sold the beer it has been brewed in North Carolina.  From 1996 until 2011, National Bohemian wasn’t available directly from the bar, but only by cans or bottles.  In 2014, an American citizen born in Russia, Eugene Kashper, bought the entire Pabst Company, so also National Bohemian.

## Relationship with Baltimore 
Under the ownership of Jerold Hoffberger, Natty Boh was first  with the city of Baltimore. In 1953, Jerold Hoffberger helped to bring the St. Louis Browns to Baltimore where they became the Baltimore Orioles. He made National Bohemian the main sponsor of the baseball team. About twelve years later Hoffberger bought the team. Under the ownership of Jerold Hoffberger the Orioles won two World Series and four American League pennants. Nattty Boh was served at the stadium. This was the period when National Bohemian became the beer of Baltimore because people identified the Orioles’ wins with the beer. Although the beer is not brewed in Maryland anymore, 95% of sales are still in Baltimore. This is why is it called *the beer of Maryland*.

## Mr. Boh 
In 1933, the logo of this beer, Mr. Boh, was introduced. Mr. Boh is a one-eyed man with a black mustache. Thanks to the popularity achieved by National Bohemian with the Orioles, Mr. Boh became a symbol of Baltimore. His big face is still visible at the top of the old building where it was once brewed. Through the years, people started collecting gadgets with the logo of National Bohemian. Around Baltimore, several pubs serve Natty Boh as the main beer. These pubs are decorated with different gadgets of Mr. Boh.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Website of Nationla Bohemian
Extortion

In law, **extortion** is a criminal offense. It is obtaining money, property, or service from a person or institution, through coercion. This may be by threat to a victim, to their property or family. It may also be by false  (such as claiming to be a public official). Another form of extortion is offering a business owner "protection"; for example, to keep the business free from vandalism or burglary. In all states of the United States extortion is a felony.

Extortion, like robbery and blackmail, are crimes that involve obtaining property by illegal means. The most serious of the three is robbery because it usually involves violence against the victim. Blackmail is a form of extortion. The threat is usually making  or embarrassing information public if demands are not met.

## References
Sonja Henie

**Sonja Henie** (8 April 1912 – 12 October 1969) was a famous Norwegian ice skater and movie star who was born in Oslo. She was a three-time Olympic Champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in Ladies' Singles, a ten-time World Champion (1927–1936) and a six-time European Champion (1931–1936). In 1936 she became a professional skater. Later she decided to become a movie star. At the height of her acting career she was one of the highest paid stars in Hollywood. Henie's connections with Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazi officials made her the subject of controversy before, during, and after World War II. Sonja Henie ruled the " queen of ice" in her life and she still was one of the most influential people in figure skating. 

## References
Marie Thérèse of France

**Marie Thérèse of France** (Marie Thérèse Charlotte; 19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851), *Madame Royale*, was the eldest child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. After her marriage to her cousin, Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, the eldest son of the future Charles X, she was known as the Duchess of Angoulême. She became the Dauphine of France upon the  of her father-in-law to the throne of France in 1824. Technically she was Queen of France for twenty minutes, on 2 August 1830. This was between the time her father-in-law signed the instrument of abdication and the time her husband, reluctantly, signed the same document.

## References
Immovable property

**Immovable property** is property that cannot be d from one place to another. It is generally connected to the ground or land on which it sits. The term immovable property also includes the land. 

In real estate law, immovable property has certain rights of ownership that go with title (full or partial) to that property. It generally does not include such things as grass, crops, or standing timber. Individuals in China may obtain land rights for a fixed number of years for a fee. These rights may be ed by legal means including gift or sale. They may also own houses, buildings or apartments, but not the land they sit on. In the United States immovable property is also known as real estate. In the United Kingdom it is also known as property. 

## References
Nancy Lopez

**Nancy Marie Lopez** (born January 6, 1957) is an American professional golfer. She was born in Torrance, California. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1977 and won 48 LPGA Tour events, including three major championships. 

During her first full season on the LPGA Tour in 1978, Lopez won nine tournaments, including five consecutive. She appeared on the cover of *Sports Illustrated* in July of that year. She also won the Vare Trophy for lowest scoring average, LPGA Rookie of the Year, LPGA Player of the Year and was named the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year. She won another eight times in 1979. Lopez has won multiple times in each year from 1980 to 1984, although she played only half-seasons in 1983 and 1984 due to the birth of her first child.

Lopez was considered the best golfer of her time. She was also considered outstanding at putting. She was also known for her kindness.

## References
Martin E. Brooks

**Martin E. Brooks** (born **Martin Baum**; November 30, 1925 &ndash; December 7, 2015) was an American character actor. He was known for playing scientist Dr. Rudy Wells in the television series *The Six Million Dollar Man* (1973&ndash;1978) and its spin-off, *The Bionic Woman* (1976&ndash;1978). He played Wells in three television movies: *The Return of the Six-Million-Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman* (1987), *Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman* (1989) and *Bionic Ever After?* (1994). He had roles in *Knots Landing*, *General Hospital*, and *Dallas*. He also appeared in many Broadway productions. Brooks also wrote two novels.

Brooks was born in The Bronx, New York. He grew up in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He served his country as a paratrooper during World War II.

Brooks died from natural causes on December 7, 2015 in Los Angeles, California. He was 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Olga Korbut

**Olga Valentinovna Korbut** (born May 16, 1955 in Grodno, Belarus), also known as the "Sparrow from Minsk", is a retired Belarusian gymnast. She won four gold medals and two silver medals at the Summer Olympic Games, in which she competed in 1972 and 1976 for the Soviet team. She could do backwards flips from the balance beam and uneven parallel bars, when no one else could. 

After her retirement from gymnastics, she became a teacher.

## References
Kayapo people

The **Kayapo** (Portuguese: **Caiapó** ) people are an indigenous people in Brazil. They are found along the plain islands of the Mato Grosso and Pará in Brazil, south of the Amazon Basin and along Rio Xingu and its tributaries. Kayapo call themselves "Mebengokre", which means "people of the wellspring". Kayapo people also call outsiders "Poanjos".

## Location
The Kayapo tribe live alongside the Xingu River in the eastern part of the Amazon Rainforest, near the Amazon basin. They live in several scattered villages ranging in population from, one hundred to one thousand people in Brazil. Their land consists of tropical rainforest savannah (grassland). It is arguably the largest tropical protected area in the world covering 11,346,326 million hectares. They have small hills scattered around their land and the area is criss-crossed by river valleys. The larger rivers feed into numerous spas and creeks, most of which don’t have official names.

In 2010, there was an estimated 8,638 Kayapo people.  Subgroups of the Kayapo include the Xikrin, Gorotire, Mekranoti and Metyktire. Their villages typically consist of a dozen huts. A centrally located hut serves as a meeting place for village men to discuss community issues. One of the Kayapo tribes, all of the women shave a distinctive V shape into their scalp.

## References
Territorialism

**Territorialism** may refer to: 
*Animals that defend a territory
*Feudalism
*Jewish territorialism
*land tenure
*Territorialist School in Italy
Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus

**Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus** was a 1st century king of the Regnenses in early Roman Britain. Cogidubnus ruled at Chichester. When the Roman Emperor Claudius conquered Britain he set himself up at Colchester and received the  of the various tribes. He convinced his people to remain loyal to India

.

## References
Oxford University Press

**Oxford University Press** (**OUP**) is the largest university press in the world, and the second-oldest, after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by the Delegates of the Press. This is a group of 15 members of the university. They are headed by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP' s chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University has been using this system of contol since the 17th century.

The university started printing books around 1480. It soon grew into a major printer of Bibles, prayer books, and scholarly works. Over the last hundred years, Oxford has grown and now publishes children's books, school text books, music, journals, the World's Classics series, a best-selling range of English Language Teaching texts, as well as its academic and religious titles. It opened its first international office in New York in 1896.  Changes caused by computer technology and the need to lower costs, led to the Press contracting out its printing and binding work. The Press's printing house at Oxford was closed in 1989. Its former paper mill at Wolvercote was demolished in 2004. 

The Press publishes about 6,000 new titles around the world every year. It is a charitable organization, its profits go to the University of Oxford. The university's aims of excellence in scholarship, research, and education are supported through its publishing activities.

## References
Moeraki Boulders

The **Moeraki Boulders** are a rock formation in New Zealand. They are unusually large and spherical boulders on Koekohe Beach on the Otago coast, between Moeraki and Hampden. Some of the boulders are in groups, while others stand by themselves. The area has been protected in a scientific reserve.

The boulders sit in mudstone, which is eroded by the action of the waves along the beach. This leaves the boulders exposed on the sand.

Local Māori legends say the boulders as the remains of eel baskets, calabashes, and kumara washed ashore from the wreck of Arai-te-uru, a large sailing canoe. The rocks that extend  from Shag Point are the petrified hull of this shipwreck. A nearby rocky promontory is the body of the canoe's captain.

In 1848 a drawing of the beach and its boulders, shows there were more than now. This picture is now in the Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington. The boulders were described in 1850 colonial reports and numerous popular  since that time. In more recent times they have become a popular tourist attraction, often described and pictured in numerous web pages and tourist guides.

## References
Religious law

**Religious law** comes from the sacred texts of various religions. They cover most parts of personal and contract law. Religious laws generally are used in countries that also have other legal systems such as civil or common law. Secular laws (non-religious) can be changed by their lawmakers. In the strictest sense, sharia is considered in Islam as the  law of God.

There are two primary sharia: the Quran, and the Hadiths (opinions and life example of Muhammad). For issues not directly covered in these primary sources, sharia is used. The sources differ between the various sects of Islam (Sunni and Shia are the majority). They also differ by the various jurisprudence schools such as Hanafi, Maliki and Shafi'i.

### *Haleakala* 
Historically, in the diaspora, halakha served many Jewish communities as both civil and religious law. There was no difference in classical Judaism. Modern religious leaders have come to view the halakha as less binding in day-to-day life. This is because it relies on Rabbinic interpretation instead of the pure, written words written in the Hebrew Bible.

Under  Israeli law certain areas of Israeli family and personal law are under the authority of the rabbinic courts. This means they are treated according to *halakha*. Some differences in *halakha* itself are found among Ashkenazi, Mizrahi, Sephardi, Yemenite and other Jews who historically lived in isolated communities.

## Reference
Buckwheat Zydeco

**Buckwheat Zydeco** was the stage name of **Stanley Dural, Jr.** (November 14, 1947 &ndash; September 24, 2016) was an American accordionist and zydeco musician. 

He was one of the few zydeco artists to become popular. His music group was known as **Buckwheat Zydeco and Ils Son Partis Band**, but often they perform as merely *Buckwheat Zydeco*.

Dural died of lung cancer at age 68 on September 24, 2016 in a hospital in Lafayette, Louisiana.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
*
Noisy miner

The **noisy miner** (*Manorina melanocephala*) is a small grey bird with a black head and yellow eyes. This bird is common in the gardens of eastern Australian homes, but is not seen in Western Australia or the Northern Territory.
 
It usually eats the nectar from garden flowers, mostly on grevilleas, however it also walks around on grass picking up and eating small insects. 

It is highly aggressive when other birds enter its area of garden or bush,  Bringing up the chicks is often done by the whole group.  They breed at any time in the year so there are often young noisy miners in the group. The younger birds usually have feathers and face colouring very similar to the adult birds, so it is often difficult to tell the difference.

They are sometimes called **native** miners, **native mynas** or **native mynahs** (actually an Indian spelling), and, in older bird books they might have up to twelve different names.  At one time they were thought to be mainly bee-eaters, but they eat the nectar of Australian native flowers. They are also known to eat fruit and insects, and at times small reptiles and amphibians.

## References 
## Other websites
*
*
Elsie Tu

**Elsie Tu**, GBM, CBE (née **Hume**; ; 2 June 1913 – 8 December 2015), was an English-born Hong Kong social activist. She was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. She was an elected member of the Urban Council of Hong Kong, and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. She became known for her strong opposition of colonialism and corruption.

## References
Matey Kaziyski

**Matey Kaziyski** (; born 23 September 1984) is a Bulgarian volleyball player. He was a member of Bulgaria men's national volleyball team in 2003-2012 and Japanese club Panasonic Panthers, a participant of the Olympic Games Beijing 2008, bronze medalist of the World Championship 2006, World Cup 2007 and European Championship 2009. He is a multiple winner of the CEV Champions League and FIVB Club World Championship with the Italian club Trentino Volley.

## Other websites
* FIVB profile
Alan Hodgkinson

**Alan Hodgkinson** MBE (16 August 1936 &ndash; 8 December 2015) was an English professional football goalkeeper and goalkeeping coach. 

## Football career
At just over , Hodgkinson was on the small side for a goalkeeper, but made up for the lack of height by his good positional play. He played for Sheffield United from 1954 to 1971 and for the England national football team from 1957 to 1960.

## Death
Hodgkinson died on 8 December 2015 at the age of 79.

## Sheffield United career
## References
## Other websites
William B. Davis

**William Bruce Davis** (born January 13, 1938) is a Canadian actor, television director, and activist. He is best known for his role as The Smoking Man on *The X-Files*. Recently, he has been an activist to stop global warming.

Davis was born in Toronto, Ontario.

## References
## Other websites
*
*williambdavis.com
Isuzu Rodeo

The **Isuzu Rodeo** was a mid-size SUV sold from 1991-2004. From 1991-1997, the 2.6-liter 4-cylinder 120 horsepower engine was standard on the 2WD Rodeo S. The Rodeo had an optional V6 engine and four-wheel drive. While the exterior design did not change very much, it became known as one of the best SUVs available at the time. But it could not keep up with the other SUVs in the market.

## References
GMC Envoy

The **GMC Envoy** was a midsize SUV sold by the GMC division of General Motors. It was  in 1998. In 2002 the Envoy was improved and rode on the same chassisas the new Chevrolet TrailBlazer. This was an Envoy XL with no third row seating and a retractable roof over the cargo bay. It had daytime running lights, electronic stability control, anti-lock brakes and a rollover sensor that automatically deployed the side curtain air bags. It was replaced by the GMC Terrain.

## References
Pauline Kael

**Pauline Kael** (; June 19, 1919&nbsp;– September 3, 2001) was an American movie critic who wrote for *The New Yorker* magazine from 1968 to 1991. Earlier in her career, her work appeared in *City Lights*, ''McCall's* and *The New Republic''. 

Kael was known for her "witty, biting, highly opinionated, and sharply focused" reviews. Legendary critic Roger Ebert said that Kael "had a more positive influence on the climate for film in America than any other single person over the last three decades".

Kael was born in Petaluma, California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley. Kael died in Great Barrington, Massachusetts from Parkinson's disease at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Pauline Kael Archives , a collection of articles and commentary about Kael
* The Pearls of Pauline from Brights Lights Film Journal 
* Interview magazine q&a  Pauline Kael interviewed by Polly Frost and Ray Sawhill
Isiah Thomas

**Isiah Lord Thomas III** (born April 30, 1961) is a retired American basketball player. He played professionally for the Detroit Pistons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Thomas was just over 6 feet tall, making him a "small man" by basketball standards. He was one of the greatest point guards in basketball history. Thomas attended the Indiana University. He was a member of the US men's basketball team at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was signed to a 4-year contract. In 1984 Thomas was given an 11-year, $12 million contract. This was both the longest and highest paying player contract in Detroit Pistons history. He was named the Most Valuable Player in the 1984, 1986 and 1990. He played in twelve All-star games. In 1996 he was named one of the 50 greatest players in NBA history.

Thomas has one of the best records in NBA history. He scored a total of 18,822 points averaging 19.2 points per game. He was named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team. In 2000 he was named to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

## Reference
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim

***The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim*** is an action role-playing, open-world video game which was made by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. Skyrim is the fifth game in *The Elder Scrolls* series. It is a sequel to *The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion*. Skyrim was released worldwide on November 11, 2011 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. Three add-ons were later released for Skyrim. They were *Dawnguard*, *Hearthfire* and *Dragonborn*. The legendary edition of *Skyrim* was released on June 4, 2013, this included ‘’The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim’’ *Dawnguard*, *Hearthfire* and *Dragonborn*.

The player character is known as the Dragonborn in game, a mortal with a dragon's soul and blood.

*Skyrim*s main story revolves around the player character and their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater, A dragon which is said to destroy Tamriel. Tamriel is a fictional continent in which Skyrim is region. The game takes place two hundred years after *The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion* takes place. In ‘’Skyrim’’ the user can travel anywhere in the game world due to it being open world.

The game was created using the Creation Engine, which was rebuilt for *Skyrim*. ***The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim*** was released to critical acclaim. The game sold over 20 million copies across all three platforms.

## Gameplay
*The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim* is an action role-playing game, it uses first-person and third-person perspectives. The player can freely travel around Skyrim, as it is an open-world game. Skyrim has wilderness, dungeons, cities, towns, fortresses, villages,and bandit bases. Players can travel the world using horses or by fast traveling which allows the player to travel to any discovered place. The game’s main quest can be completed or ignored, up to the players choice. Some quests rely on the main story's progression.

## References
Ramus Pomifer

**Ramus Pomifer** (Latin for *apple branch*) was a constellation found between Hercules and Lyra. It represented a branch held in Hercules' left hand. It later formed a new constellation: *Cerberus et Ramus* (along with Cerberus, that shared many of the same stars).

## References
Natural Wonder

***Natural Wonder*** is a live album by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was recorded in Osaka, Japan and released on November 21, 1995. It was both Wonder's second album to be released in 1995 and his fourth live album and first since 1970's *Stevie Wonder Live*.

## Track listing
### Disc one
# "Dancing to the Rhythm" *– 7:07
# "Love's in Need of Love Today" – 6:02
# "Master Blaster (Jammin')" – 3:36
# "Stevie Ray Blues" *– 2:27
# "Higher Ground" – 3:59
# "Rocket Love" – 4:47
# "Stay Gold" – 4:21
# "Ribbon in the Sky" – 8:37
# "Pastime Paradise" – 3:22
# "If It's Magic" – 3:34
# "Ms. & Mr. Little Ones" *– 4:17
# "Village Ghetto Land" – 3:26
# "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" – 4:20

(*) Previously unreleased songs.
*"Stevie Ray Blues" is a tribute to Stevie Ray Vaughan.
*"Dancing to the Rhythm" & "Ms. & Mr. Little Ones" are new songs.

### Disc two
# "Overjoyed" – 3:59
# "My Cherie Amour" – 3:20
# "Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours" – 2:45
# "Living for the City" – 4:26
# "Sir Duke" – 2:46
# "I Wish" – 4:06
# "You Are the Sunshine of My Life" – 2:21
# "Superstition" – 5:37
# "I Just Called to Say I Love You" – 4:38
# "For Your Love" – 5:06
# "Another Star" – 5:55

## References
Audencia Nantes School of Management

**Audencia Nantes School of Management** is a business school in Nantes, France. It is ed by the Association of MBAs (AMBA), European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).  The school s 3000 students from almost 50 countries. It offers bachelor's, international master's, specialised masters and MBAs degrees. It also offers executive education courses.

The school was started in 1900 as the *École Supérieure de Commerce de Nantes*. The school's name was changed in 2000 to its current name, Audencia Nantes School of Management.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Bad Rats: The Rats' Revenge

'''''Bad Rats: The Rats' Revenge''''' is a puzzle video game from 2009. It was made by Invent4 Entertainment for Microsoft Windows. The mission of the game is to solve physics puzzles to take revenge on cats. The game is known for its popularity and terrible reputation among Steam users.

## Gameplay 
The goal of each stage is to use rats to activate an object to kill a cat. The player must place objects within a time limit. The player's score is based on the objects used and time taken.

## Reception 
The game did not receive professional reviews on Metecritic or GameRankings. According to *Kotaku*, it is a "nearly universally reviled" game.

## References
## Other websites 
* http://www.invent4.com/rats/
Ordinary (liturgy)

The catholic mass is made of two parts: One that changes during the year, and the other one that does not. The one that does not change is usually called **Ordinary**. The part that canges is usually called Proper. The Latin names for these are *Ordinarium* and *Proprium*. When talkin about the music performed in Church, an ordinary usually consists of the following (which are either songs or prayers):
#Kyrie eleison
#Gloria 
#Credo
#Sanctus
#Agnus dei
Protestant and Eastern Orthodox often use the same songs, but they have adapted the texts. Nowadays, the text is often translated to the local language.
Shirley Stelfox

**Shirley Stelfox** (11 April 1941 – 7 December 2015) was an English actress. She was best known for her role as Edna Birch on the British soap opera *Emmerdale*.

Stelfox died in Yorkshire Dales, Yorkshire from cancer of unknown primary origin on 7 December 2015, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Profile , filmdope.com; accessed 21 November 2015.
*Shirley Stelfox (Aveleyman)
Mattiwilda Dobbs

**Mattiwilda Dobbs** (July 11, 1925 &ndash; December 8, 2015) was an African-American coloratura soprano. She was one of the first black singers to enjoy a major international career in opera. After winning the International Music Competition in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1951, she made her professional operatic debut at the Holland Festival, as the Nightingale in Stravinsky's *The Nightingale*, in 1952.

Dobbs died on December 8, 2015 at her home in Atlanta, Georgia of cancer of unknown primary origin at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
* Interview with Mattiwilda Dobbs by Bruce Duffie, March 28, 1994
Bonnie Lou

**Mary Joan Okum** (née **Kath**; October 27, 1924 – December 8, 2015), known by her performing name **Bonnie Lou**, was an American musical pioneer. She was one of first female rock and roll singers. She was also one of the first artists to gain crossover success from country music to rock and roll. She was the "top name" on the first country music program regularly broadcast on a national TV network. 

Lou was one of the first female co-hosts of a successful television talk show, and a regular musical performer on popular shows in the 1960s and 1970s. She "was a prime mover in the first days of rockabilly," and is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.

Lou died from complications of dementia under hospice care in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged 91.

## References
Meadowlark Lemon

**Meadow "Meadowlark" Lemon III** (April 25, 1932 &ndash; December 27, 2015) was an American basketball player, actor, and Christian minister. and is a 2003 inductee of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He was born in Wilmington, North Carolina.

He studied at a historically black college, Florida A&M University in 1952, but was drafted into the US Army before he could finish. The Globetrotters first became aware of Lemon in 1954 while he was in Austria in the army and they were touring Europe.

## The White House 
Lemon visited the White House to meet President Gerald Ford and First Lady, Betty Ford in 1974. This was a semi-professional men's basketball league that was formed in 1999.
, during a 1974 visit to the White House. The basketball was autographed by Harlem Globetrotters members.]]

## References 
## Other websites 
* Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Famers: Biography for Meadowlark Lemon 
* Meadowlark Lemon at IMDb
Embezzlement

**Embezzlement** is the theft or  of funds or assets belonging to a company or government. It is the misusing of property lawfully ed to a person who then converts it for his or her own use. Accounting embezzlement is hiding the theft of funds by the  of accounting records. Someone may  after taking a large amount of funds. Managers may steal money by under-reporting income and keeping the unreported funds.

The US Internal Revenue Service requires the reporting of all income when a person files their income tax forms. Failure to include embezzled funds in their gross income can bring charges of tax evasion by the IRS. This is in addition to any other jurisdictions criminal charges of embezzlement. 

## References
Abduction

**Abduction** is the criminal act of taking a person away by means of fraud, persuasion, by threat of violence or by force. Kidnapping, by comparison, is limited to a threat of violence or  taking adults or by the taking of children. But in most jurisdictions they are separate crimes. Unlawful  with family members such as removing a child from its parents is abduction. They may be treated ly or killed. This is usually without the permission of the other parent. This becomes an international child abduction. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child requires "State Parties shall take measures to combat the illicit transfer and non-return of children ". Also that they "promote the  of  or  agreements or accession to existing agreements". International child abductions are a matter treated by civil law and in some cases criminal law.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Abduction vs Kidnapping, Kids Live Safe 
* Family Abduction, National Center for Missing & Exploited Children
Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection

***Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection*** is a 1996 double disc greatest hits album by Stevie Wonder. Wonder would release another greatest hits album called *At the Close of a Century* three years later.

## Track listings
;Disc 1
#"Part-Time Lover" (7" single version)
#"I Just Called to Say I Love You" (single version)
#"Superstition" (single version)
#"Sir Duke"
#"My Cherie Amour"
#"I Was Made to Love Her"
#"Overjoyed"
#"Hey Love"
#"Signed, Sealed, Delivered (I'm Yours)"
#"You Are the Sunshine of My Life" (single version)
#"Ribbon in the Sky" (edit)
#"Master Blaster (Jammin')" (7" single version)
#"Living for the City" (single version)
#"Uptight (Everything's Alright)"
#"Lately"
#"Do I Do"

;Disc 2
#"Send One Your Love"
#"Ebony and Ivory"
#"All I Do"
#"That Girl"
#"For Your Love" (7" single version)
#"I Wish"
#"You Will Know" (radio edit)
#"Boogie On Reggae Woman" (single version)
#"Higher Ground" (single version)
#"These Three Words"
#"Stay Gold"
#"Love Light in Flight"
#"Kiss Lonely Goodbye" (edit)
#"Hold On to Your Dream"
#"Redemption Song"

### 1998 edition
#"Isn't She Lovely"
#"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
#"Superstition"
#"Sir Duke"
#"Master Blaster (Jammin')"
#"Ebony and Ivory"
#"Happy Birthday"
#"Living for the City"
#"He's Misstra Know It All"
#"You Are the Sunshine of My Life"
#"Lately"
#"Part-Time Lover"
#"My Cherie Amour"
#"Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday"
#"Uptight (Everything's Alright)"
#"I Was Made to Love Her"
#"For Once in My Life"
#"Signed, Sealed, Delivered (I'm Yours)"
#"For Your Love"
#"Kiss Lonely Goodbye"
#"Redemption Song"

## Notes
At the Close of a Century

***At the Close of a Century*** is a box set album that has Stevie Wonder's greatest hits from 1962-1995 and was released on November 21, 1999.

## Track listing 
### Disc 1 
# Fingertips (Pts. 1 & 2) - (6:55)
# Uptight (Everything's Alright) - (2:53)
# Nothing's Too Good For My Baby -(2:38)
# Blowin' in the Wind - (3:43)
# A Place in the Sun - (2:45)
# Hey Love - (2:45)
# I Was Made to Love Her - (2:37)
# Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do) - (3:01)
# I'm Wondering - (2:55)
# Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day - (2:46)
# You Met Your Match - (2:38)
# For Once in My Life - (2:50)
# I Don't Know Why - (2:45)
# My Cherie Amour - (2:50)
# Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday - (3:04)
# Never Had a Dream Come True - (3:13)
# Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours - (2:40)
# Heaven Help Us All - (3:15)
# We Can Work It Out - (3:17)
# If You Really Love Me - (2:56)
# Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer - (2:56)
# Superwoman (Where Were You When I Needed You) - (8:07)
# I Love Every Little Thing About You - (3:55)

### Disc 2 
# Superstition - (4:26)
# You Are The Sunshine Of My Life - (2:55)
# You And I - (4:34)
# I Believe (When I Fall In Love It Will Be Forever) - (4:52)
# Too High - (4:36)
# Visions - (5:23)
# Living For The City - (7:23)
# Golden Lady - (4:47)
# Higher Ground - (3:42)
# All In Love Is Fair - (3:43)
# Don't You Worry 'Bout A Thing - (4:45)
# He's Misstra Know-It-All - (5:36)
# You Haven't Done Nothin' - (3:29)
# Heaven Is 10 Zillion Light Years Away - (5:02)
# Too Shy To Say - (3:29)
# Boogie On Reggae Woman - (4:55) 
# Creepin' - (4:20)

### Disc 3 
# Sir Duke - (3:51)
# I Wish - (4:12)
# Knocks Me Off My Feet - (3:36)
# Pastime Paradise - (3:27)
# Isn't She Lovely- (6:36)
# Ngiculela ~ Es Una Historia ~ I Am Singing - (3:48)
# If It's Magic - (3:12)
# As - (7:09)
# Another Star - (8:22)
# Send One Your Love - (4:01)
# All I Do - (5:16)
# Rocket Love - (4:39)
# I Ain't Gonna Stand for It - (4:39)
# Master Blaster (Jammin') - (5:11)
# Lately - (4:05)
# Happy Birthday - (5:58)

### Disc 4 
# That Girl - (5:13)
# Ribbon in the Sky - (5:40)
# Do I Do - (10:30)
# Love Light in Flight - (6:54)
# I Just Called To Say I Love You - (4:22)
# Overjoyed - (3:42)
# Part-Time Lover - (4:12)
# Go Home - (5:19)
# You Will Know - (5:02)
# Skeletons - (5:24)
# Gotta Have You - (6:26)
# These Three Words - (4:54)
# For Your Love - (5:01)
# How Come, How Long (Babyface feat. Stevie Wonder) - (5:15)

## References
Deimatic defence

suddenly revealed]]

**Deimatic defence** is when prey  predators and so get time to escape. The predator gets a shock, and often jumps back when startled. Many prey use this tactic when a predator gets close. It is an anti-predator defence.

This method is a fake, where a real aposematic warning signal is genuine. Many species of frog put on warning displays; but only some of these species do have poison glands. 

Displays are classified as deimatic or aposematic by the responses of the animals that see them. 
#Where predators are initially startled but learn to eat the displaying prey, the display is classed as deimatic, and the prey is bluffing; 
#Where they continue to avoid the prey after tasting it, the display is taken as aposematic, meaning the prey is genuinely distasteful. 
In the second case, the behaviour is both deimatic and aposematic. It startles the predator, and the display truly indicates the prey is bad to eat. 

## References
Tax advantage

**Tax advantage** refers to the financial gain which applies to certain accounts or investments. These include accounts that are, by statute, tax-reduced, tax-, or tax-free. Governments establish tax advantages to encourage private individuals to contribute money when it is considered to be in the public interest. An example is retirement plans, which often offer tax advantages to incentivize savings for retirement. In the United States municipal bonds may also be  from certain taxes.  

In countries in which the average age of the population is increasing, tax advantages may put pressure on pension s. For example, where benefits are  on a pay-as-you-go basis, the benefits paid to those receiving a pension come directly from the contributions (money paid) of those of working age. If the proportion of pensioners to working-age people rises, the contributions needed from working people will also rise proportionately. In the United States, the rapid onset of Baby Boomer retirement is currently causing such a problem.

## References
Eye-spot (mimicry)

'' shows startle display on its rear wings. Ocelli are usually covered: the insect jinks the front wings forward when startled.]]
 from behind, with ocelli on the back of its ears. Kits can see their mother as she moves in the long grass]]

An **eye-spot** (or **ocellus**) is an eye-like marking on the body of an animal. They are found on butterflies, reptiles, felids, birds and fish.

Eye-spots may be a form of mimicry: the spot looks like the eye of a larger animal. Its function may be to draw a predator's attention away from the most vulnerable body parts; or to look like an unpleasant or dangerous animal. 

In larger animals, eyespots may play a role in intraspecies communication or courtship &ndash; the best-known example is probably the eyespots on a peacock's display feathers.

There is evidence that eyespots in butterflies are anti-predator defences. Some are deimatic displays to distract, startle or scare off predators, or at least to deflect attacks away from vital body parts. Butterfly eyespots may also play a role in mate recognition and sexual selection, like the eyespots on larger organisms.

## References
LGBT rights in Alaska

**Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender** (LGBT) persons living in the U.S. state of Alaska are able to marry. A U.S. district court declared Alaska's denial of same-sex marriages unconstitutional on October 12, 2014.

## Hate crime/sexual orientation laws
State law does not address hate crimes based on gender identity or sexual orientations. Anchorage, however, does have an ordinance "to outlaw discrimination in Anchorage based on sexual orientation or gender identity". Anchorage makes up 41% of the total population of Alaska.

## References
Regnenses

The **Regnenses**, **Regni** or **Regini** were a British Celtic people. They were ruled by a king. Their territory or kingdom was later a *civitas* of Roman Britain. Their capital was *Noviomagus Reginorum*, known today as Chichester in modern West Sussex.

Before the Romans conquered Britain their land and capital appear to have been part of the territory of the Atrebates. Possibly they were part of a confederation of tribes. It could also be *Cogidubni regis magni Britanniae* ("great king of Britain").

## References
Property tax

A **property tax** (or **millage tax**) is a  on property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is d by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. The tax may be paid to a national, state, provincial, county, regional, or municipality governmant. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property.  This is in contrast to a rent or mortgage tax, which is based on a percentage of the rent or mortgage value.

There are four broad types of property: land, immovable property, personal property  and intellectual property. Real property (also called real estate or realty) means the combination of land and . Under a property tax system, the government requires and/or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property. A tax is assessed based on that value. Forms of property tax used vary among countries and jurisdictions. Real property is often taxed based on its . Classification is the grouping of properties based on similar use. 

Properties in different classes are taxed at different rates. Examples of different classes of property are , commercial, industrial and  real property.  In Israel, for example, property tax rates are double for vacant apartments versus  apartments. In the Canadian province of British Columbia a speculation tax  on residential properties has been introduced in 2019.

A special assessment tax is sometimes confused with property tax. These are two distinct forms of taxation: one *(Ad valorem* tax) relies upon the appraised fair market value of the property being taxed. The other (special assessment) relies upon a special enhancement called a "benefit" for its justification.

The *property tax rate* is often given as a percentage. It may also be expressed as a per mille (amount of tax per thousand currency units of property value), which is also known as a *millage rate* or *mill* (which is also one-thousandth of a currency unit). To  the property tax, the authority will multiply the assessed value of the property by the mill rate. Then they will divide by 1,000. For example, a property with an assessed value of $50,000 located in a municipality with a mill rate of 20 mills would have a property tax bill of $1,000 per year.

## References
Rusty Jones

**Isham Russell "Rusty" Jones II** (April 13, 1942 &ndash; December 9, 2015), better known as **Rusty Jones**, was an American jazz drummer. He was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, but was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Jones was known for performing with Marian McPartland and Stéphane Grappelli.

Jones died in Chicago, Illinois from cancer, aged 73.

## References
## Other websites
*
John Trudell

**John Trudell** (February 15, 1946 – December 8, 2015) was a Native American author, poet, actor, musician, and political activist. He was the spokesperson for the United Indians of All Tribes' takeover of Alcatraz beginning in 1969. He was partners with Marcheline Bertrand, Angelina Jolie's mother, until her death in 2007. During most of the 1970s, he served as the chairman of the American Indian Movement. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska.

In 2015, Trudell died of cancer at age 69 in Santa Clara County, California.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
* Official John Trudell website
* 
*
Ron Bouchard

**Ron Bouchard** (November 23, 1948December 10, 2015) was an American NASCAR driver. He was the 1981 NASCAR Winston Cup Rookie of the Year. He was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Bouchard began his NASCAR career in 1981 in the #47 J.D. Stacy Buick for owner Jack Beebe (Race Hill Farm team). In 1982 Bouchard finished a career-high eighth in the final points standing with 15 Top 10 finishes in 30 races. He ran full-time in 1983, 1984, and 1985.

Bouchard died of cancer in Fitchburg, Massachusetts at the age of 67.

## References
## Other websites
*Ron's Biography
Murder of Laquan McDonald

The **shooting of Laquan McDonald** occurred on October 20, 2014, in Chicago, Illinois, when McDonald—a 17-year-old black male armed with a knife—was shot 16 times by Chicago Police Officer Jason Van Dyke.

As a result, mayor Rahm Emanuel fired Chicago police superintendent Garry McCarthy on December 1, 2015. Few days later, Emanuel apologized for the shooting, but since then, Emanuel has received criticisms and negative comments towards him and his administration.

Video of the shooting, captured on one police cruiser's dashboard camera, was released to the public on November 24, 2015, over 13 months after the shooting. Van Dyke was charged with first-degree murder within hours after the video's release. After turning himself in to authorities, he was initially ordered held without bail at Cook County Jail,  but released on November 30  after posting bail.

On November 25, Senator and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders released a statement sending condolences to McDonald's family and criticizing the Emanuel administration and the Chicago's police force.

There have been numerous protests denouncing Laquan McDonald's death. In November 27, a major day for shopping in the U.S., a group of protesters chanted "sixteen shots" and other slogans while marching on Michigan Avenue, the city's central shopping district. This caused some businesses to shut their doors and the police closed Michigan Avenue, a six-lane street.

The FBI opened an investigation into McDonald's death, and the city of Chicago approved a five-million dollar settlement in April 2015, although no lawsuit was filed. The police had originally claimed that McDonald had lunged at an officer. However, video footage contradicts that claim; McDonald made no lunges.

On October 5, 2018, Van Dyke was found guilty of second-degree murder, as well as 16 counts of aggravated battery with a firearm.

## References
## Other websites
*External video dashcam footage
*Coban, manufacturer of dashboard cameras  used by the Chicago Police
Dolph Schayes

**Adolph "Dolph" Schayes** (May 19, 1928 &ndash; December 10, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was a top scorer and rebounder, he was a 12-time NBA All-Star and a 12-time All-NBA selection. Schayes won an NBA championship with the Syracuse Nationals in 1955.

He was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History and inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He played for the Philadelphia 76ers from 1948 through 1964. He coached the Philadelphia 76ers from 1963 through 1966 and the Buffalo Braves from 1970 through 1972. He was born in The Bronx, New York City.

Schayes died in Syracuse, New York from cancer, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Dolph Schayes biography at NBA Encyclopedia