open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Environmental issues in China

About China's environmental well-being and China's efforts to protect the environment, there are many ongoing challenges. Flooding happens frequently in the south, but there is lack of supply of water in the north.  

## History of heat wave
2021 East Asia sandstorm; 2022 China heat wave;   2023 China heat wave

## Pollution
As coal is the primary fuel, the air quality is bad.  As early as 2015, oberservers point out that the land is very polluted due to 20 years of industrialisation. 

There are many causes of pollution. They include traffic congestion, "private car" ownership and the popular use of plastic. 

## Storms that affected China
*Typhoon Haitang (2005)
*July Typhoon Soulik (2013); Typhoon Haiyan (November 2013)
*Tropical Storm Rumbia (August 2018) 
*September Typhoon Lingling (2019)
*Typhoon Hagupit (2020); Tropical Storm Mekkhala (2020); Tropical Storm Higos (2020); Typhoon Maysak (2020); Tropical Storm Nangka (2020) (August, August, August, September and October)
*Tropical Storm Lupit (2021) and Tropical Storm Lionrock (2021) (August and October)
*September Typhoon Muifa (2022)
*Typhoon Khanun (2023) and Tropical Storm Sanba (2023) (August and October)
*July Tropical Storm Prapiroon (2024) and Typhoon Kong-rey (2024)

## Long history of floods
fall map in April 2024.]]

Written from the earliest to the most recent. 1931 China floods; 1935 Yangtze flood; 1938 Yellow River flood; 1951年辽河大水;  1954 Yangtze floods; 1958 Yellow River flood; 1963年海河特大洪灾;     Eastern China flood of 1991; 1998 China floods

### since 2000
2007 Shandong coal mine flood; 2008 South China floods; 2009 Luoding flood; 2010 China floods; 2011 China floods; 2012 China floods; July 2012 Beijing flood; 2013 Southwest China floods; 2016 China floods; 2017 China floods; 2020 China floods; 2021 China floods; 2021 Henan floods; 2023 China floods; 2023 Hong Kong rainstorm and floods; 2024 Guangdong floods; Floods in the Huairou and Miyun districts of Beijing, mudslides in nearby village(s), in late July 2025; 

### complications
*Typhoon Nina (1975) and 1975 Banqiao Dam failure.
*Shalan Town flood of 2005 (also caused mudslide).
*2010 Gansu mudslide
*2016年邢台洪灾 
*2022 Qinghai floods (also caused landslide).
*landslide in the south since 2024 

## Related pages
*Air, land and water pollution.
*Economy of China

## References
John de Mol

**Johannes Hendrikus Hubert de Mol Jr.** (born 24 April 1955) is a Dutch media entrepreneur and billionaire. He is known for creating global television franchises such as Big Brother, Star Academy, and The Voice, and the game shows Fear Factor and Deal or No Deal.

In 2005, Forbes magazine named him one of the 500 richest people in the world.

De Mol is one of the men behind production companies such as Endemol and Talpa.

## Endemol
De Mol, a well-known personality in the Netherlands, made his fortune producing television programs. From 1997 to 1999, he developed the reality show Big Brother with his own production company, John de Mol Produkties. In 1994, his company merged with Joop van den Ende TV-Producties to form Endemol, but it still operates independently. De Mol sold his stake in Endemol in 2000 to Telefónica, but continued to serve as creative director until 2004. 

In May 2007, De Mol returned as one of Endemol's major shareholders, along with Silvio Berlusconi's Italian company Mediaset, in a €2.6 million deal.

## Private life
Outside of television, De Mol controls a large private equity fund that holds significant stakes in the car manufacturer Spyker Cars, the Manchester United football team, the cryptocurrencies Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, and the telecommunications company Versatel. 

John's sister, actress Linda de Mol, appears and presents on some of his shows, including the Dutch version of "Deal or No Deal".

## References
Got Talent Argentina

***Got Talent Argentina***, previously known as **Talento argentino** in the first seasons, is a television program of the talent show genre produced by Telefe, an Argentine adaptation of the original British format Got Talent, created by Simon Cowell.

The show is based on a talent competition in which participants are evaluated by three or four judges in auditions who will decide who deserves to move on to the next stage. The audience will then select their favorites by telephone vote and advance to a final where one will be crowned the winner.

## Overview
The first adaptation premiered in mid-2008 and consisted of three editions hosted by Mariano Peluffo. The original jury was composed of Maximiliano Guerra (professional dancer), Catherine Fulop (international model), and Kike Teruel (musician and composer), and the production was in charge of Marcos Gorban. 

The first season premiered on Sunday, July 27, 2008, with very good public acceptance. It was renewed for a second season that aired on Thursdays starting July 23, 2009; and the third season starting October 20, 2010, broadcasting on Saturdays. 

After 13 years off the air, Telefe announced the return of the franchise to Argentine television, under the name **Got Talent Argentina**, to premiere in 2023, with changes in the host, led by the actress and comedian Lizy Tagliani. The jury for this new edition was made up of the Argentine singers Abel Pintos and Joaquinha Lerena —known artistically as "La Joaqui"—, the actress and presenter Florencia Peña, and the Uruguayan dancer Emir Abdul Gani.
## Seasons
## Winners
* Season 1, 2008: Martin Bustos (humorous imitation)
* Season 2, 2009: Daniel Ferreyra (guitarist)
* Season 3, 2010–2011: Diego Gutierrez (accordion player)
* Season 4, 2023: Matías and Johanna Ortiz (Salsa Dancers)

## References
2025 Metina cave poisonings

The methane incident in the Metina cave occurred on July 6 and 7, 2025 in northern Iraq, in the mountainous region of Metina, under the control of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The event resulted in the death of 12 Turkish soldiers and 14-19 injured, following methane gas poisoning that occurred during a military operation as part of  Operation Claw-Lock.

## Reactions
The Turkish Ministry of Defence expressed its condolences and praised the courage of the soldiers. A military investigation has been opened to determine the precise circumstances of the methane buildup in the cave.

Criticism has also emerged on the preparedness and safety of troops operating in potentially dangerous underground areas.

The PKK, for its part, did not claim or comment on the incident, not being directly involved in the deaths.

## References
Saponification

**Saponification** is the hydrolysis of a fat and a base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and crude oil. The products of saponification are glycerol and salts of the fatty acids, which are known together as soap. Soap is a long molecule that is nonpolar at one end and ionic at the other end. The nonpolar end can bring other nonpolar substances such as oil, and the ionic end can bring polar solvents such as water. Therefore, soap can cause emulsion of oil and water. This quality is called detergency.

## References
Game Informer

***Game Informer*** (***GI***) is an American video game magazine, that is done monthly. That features articles, news, tips, and reviews for video games and game consoles. It was made in August 1991, when the video game retailer FuncoLand started making an in-house newsletter. It was bought by the retailer GameStop, which they also bought FuncoLand in 2000. From this, a large amount of promotion was done in-store, which adds to the success of the magazine. As of June 2017, it was the fifth-most popular magazine by copies circulated.

In August 2024, GameStop stopped making *Game Informer* after 33 years of publication and made 368 issues. The website for Game Informer was also shut down. In March 2025, *Game Informer* announced that it had been bought by Gunzilla Games and made as its own business. The relaunch included a released of the magazine and the magazine's website, and brought back all of *Game Informer*'s staff. *Game Informer* also announced plans to restart the printing of the magazine.

## References
Nashville Vols

The **Nashville Vols** were a Minor League Baseball team from Nashville, Tennessee, that played from 1901 to 1963. They were known only as the **Nashville Baseball Club** for their first seven seasons. In 1908, they became the **Nashville Volunteers** (usually shortened to Vols) because Tennessee's nickname is "The Volunteer State". The Vols played their baseball games at a ballpark called Athletic Park, which was renamed Sulphur Dell in 1908. They played in this league until it  after the 1961 season. The league had different difficultly levels: Class B (1901), Class A (1902–1935), Class A1 (1936–1945), and Double-A (1946–1961). Over 61&nbsp;seasons in the SA, the Vols won eight league , nine playoff championships, and four Dixie Series titles. They did not play in 1962. The Vols played one final season in the Double-A South Atlantic League in 1963.

For 35&nbsp;seasons, Nashville was not partnered with any Major League Baseball (MLB) team. For 27&nbsp;seasons, they had  with six MLB teams: the New York Giants (1934–1935, 1952–1954), Cincinnati Reds (1936–1937, 1955–1960), Brooklyn Dodgers (1938–1940), Chicago Cubs (1943–1951), Minnesota Twins (1961), and Los Angeles Angels (1963).

After the Vols stopped playing, Nashville did not have a professional baseball team for 14&nbsp;years. In 1978, the Nashville Sounds started playing in the Double-A Southern League. The Sounds their games at Herschel Greer Stadium for 37&nbsp;seasons until moving into the new First Horizon Park, which was built on the site of Sulphur Dell, in 2015.

File:1901NashvilleVols.jpg|The 1901 Nashville Baseball Club won the first SA pennant.
File:Sulphur Dell marquee.jpg|The Vols played at Sulphur Dell from 1901 to 1963.
File:Sulphur Dell 1908.jpg|A game at Sulphur Dell
File:Sulphur Dell 1950s.jpg|The seats at Sulphur Dell
File:Sulphur Dell in color.jpg|The baseball field at Sulphur Dell

## References
## Other websites
*The team's statistics from *Baseball-Reference*
*The team's statistics from *Stats Crew*
Hiveswap

***Hiveswap*** is an episodic adventure game and was developed by What Pumpkin Games, with help with Andrew Hussie and Cohen Edenfield. Based on the story of the adventure webcomic *Homestuck*, it focuses on a girl, Joey Claire, who is accidentally transported to the planet of "Alternia—home" of the troll species seen in *Homestuck*.

The game was crowdfunded on Kickstarter, it raised over . While development began with developers The Odd Gentlemen, it was moved back to What Pumpkin's, the newly formed game development studio.

Act 1 was planned for release in mid-2015; however, the release was pushed back to January 2017. It was further delayed in January to a date of September 14, 2017, What Pumpkin Studios released Act 1. This was the release date previously announced on August 29, 2017, with a new trailer.

On October 25, 2020, a trailer was released showing that Act 2 would be released in November 2020. Another trailer released on November 16, 2020. Act 2 was released on November 25, 2020.

## References
Esterification

**Esterification** is the reaction between an acid and an alcohol. The products in a esterification reaction are an ester and water. The reaction of esterification happens slowly and must be made faster by acids. It is an example of a dehyrdation reaction or condensation reaction. The reaction can be reversed and is then called hydrolysis because the ester is broken down with water. For instance, when long-chain organic acids (which are called fatty acids) are esterified with glycerol, the ester is called a lipid or fat. If the fatty acids have a lot of double bonds in the parent hydrocarbons, the fat is called unsaturated and is usually a liquid. As an example, most vegetable oil (excluding vegetable shortening like Crisco) is considered an unsaturated fat. In contrast, if the fatty acids have a few double bonds in the parent hydrocarbons, the fat is called saturated and is usually a solid. As an example, most animal fat is considered a saturated fat.

## References
Coat of arms of Tuvalu

The **coat of arms of Tuvalu** is a shield with a golden border. It was approved on 3 December 1976.

The motto of Tuvalu is Tuvalu mo te Atua, which translates to "Tuvalu for the Almighty".

## References
The Great American Bash (2006)

**The Great American Bash (2006)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) for their SmackDown! brand. It took place on July 23, 2006, at the Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the third Great American Bash event held by WWE and the 18th overall.

The main event saw King Booker defeat Rey Mysterio to keep his World Heavyweight Championship after Chavo Guerrero interfered. Also, The Undertaker defeated Big Show (who replaced The Great Khali) in the first ever Punjabi Prison match, and Finlay defeated William Regal (who replaced Bobby Lashley) to keep his WWE United States Championship.

The Great Khali, Bobby Lashley and Super Crazy (who was scheduled to wrestle Gregory Helms) were removed from the event after elevated levels of enzymes were found in their livers. Mark Henry was also scheduled to compete against Batista in a grudge match, but after injuing his knee at Saturday Night's Main Event XXXIII, he was replaced by Mr. Kennedy.

## Matches
## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Great American Bash 2006 website
Little Town Hero

***Little Town Hero*** is a 2019 role-playing video game developed and published by Game Freak for the Nintendo Switch. It was released in October 2019 before being released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Windows in 2020. It received mixed reviews from critics.

## Development 
Game Freak announced the game under the name of *"Town*" in September 2018. The company shared no more information through August of that next year, when it registered a trademark. The game was released for the Nintendo Switch on October 16, 2019. The game's soundtrack was mostly written by Toby Fox, an indie developer better known for making *Undertale*. That same month, it was also announced that it would be released for the PlayStation 4 in Japan on April 23, 2020, published by Rainy Frog. Also, ports for Xbox One and Windows were released on July 2 and July 9, 2020.

## References
Robert Aliaj Dragot

**Robert Aliaj** (born 18 February 1960) is an Albanian visual artist and former singer. He is known for his experimental and interdisciplinary work, which includes painting, performance, music, film, installations, and digital art. Some of his best-known works are *Discrete Elements*, *Spring & Stalin*, *Punch Me*, and *Homomigratus*. He lives between Tirana and Brussels.

## Personal life 
Aliaj was born in Tirana in a family of artists. He studied painting at the Jordan Misja Artistic Lyceum. After the fall of communism in Albania, he moved to Greece, and later to Belgium.

He is married to translator Mimoza Dino. They have two children: Gala Dragot, a singer, and Krist, a painter.

## Career 
In the 1980s and 1990s, Robert Aliaj worked in both painting and pop music. He later focused more on visual arts. His work addresses themes such as social change, migration, post-communist memory, and art world criticism. From Brussels, he creates artwork using painting, performance, video, sound art, and photography.

He often appears in Albanian media to discuss cultural and social issues.

## Exhibitions 
His works have been exhibited in many countries, including:

* National Museum Szczecin, Poland (2006, 2009)
* Venice Biennale, 53rd edition (2009)
* International Triennial of Extended Media, Belgrade (2013)
* Musée de la Vie Wallonne, Belgium (2016)
* COD – Center for Openness and Dialogue, Tirana – *INEVITABLE* (2021)
* The Action Field Kodra, Thessaloniki, Greece (2008)
* Chiesa di San Paolo, Modena, Italy (2005)
* National Gallery of Arts, Tirana (2004) – *Discrete Elements*

## Selected works 
Some of his known works are:

* *Les Deux Moitiés* (2007)  
* *Spring & Stalin* (2008)  
* *Punch Me* (2013)  
* *Homomigratus* (2016)  
* *Tirana Horizontale* (2017)

## Music and festivals 
Aliaj also participated in several music festivals in Albania.

* Festivali i Këngës (1987, 1989, 1990, 1992)
* Kur Vjen Pranvera (1989, 1990)
* Kënga Magjike 2018 – song: "Ah ku më hodhi Zoti"

## Style and themes 
His work explores politics, identity, consumer culture, and tradition. He uses strong visuals, symbols, and often includes references to Albanian contemporary life. He also connects his work to global issues such as migration, power, sexuality, and memory.

## References
Flag of Macau

The flag of the '''Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China''' features a white lotus flower on a light green field. At the top of the flowers, there's 5 yellow stars.

The flag was approved by the National People's Congress on 31 March 1993, and was first used on December 20, 1999.

## Proposals
In 1993, there were several proposals to the flag:

File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 012.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 014.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 011.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 001.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 009.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 013.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 008.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 007.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 006.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 010.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 002.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 005.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 004.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 015.svg
File:Proposed flag for Macau SAR 003.svg

## Historical flags
## References
Battle of Baghdad (2003)

The **battle of Baghdad**, the capital of Iraq, took place between 3 to 9 April 2003. A part of the invasion against Iraq by the United States and coalition forces in 2003, eventually leading to the Iraq War. This marked the end of Saddam Hussein's regime, later captured by US forces, and Baghdad under coalition control. It is also called the **fall of Baghdad** by some sources.

## Background 
On 11 September, 2001, four attacks, including two World Trade Centers buildings, the Pentagon complex, and a plane crash (by al-Qaeda terrorists) in Pennsylvania have been executed. 2,997 lives have lost including 19 terrorists, making it the deadliest attacks on US soil. Then-US President George W. Bush have passed major acts regarding national security including the controversial PATRIOT Act which allowed federal workers to access US citizens' information and data, sparked protests and privacy violations around the United States.

United States Congress passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) on 18 September, 2001, a week later after the terrorist attacks. This act allows the president to send the military to fight against terrorism. In 2001, the United States invaded Afghanistan, leading to a nearly 20 years war and the longest conflict in US history. In 2002, President Bush added Iraq in the axis of evil under Saddam Hussein.

On 20 March, 2003, the US and the United Kingdom-led coalition forces invaded Iraq. The US accused of Iraq having and carrying weapons of mass destructions (WMDs) under Saddam Hussein, US Secretary of State Colin Powell said to the United Nations that Iraq was holding WMDs, years later found no WMDs built in Iraq under Saddam Hussein. And Hussein's execution faced moral challenges by groups like Human Rights Watch.

## Related pages 
* Fall of Saigon
* Fall of Kabul (2021)
* Fall of Damascus

## References
2026 California Superintendent of Public Instruction election

The **2026 California Superintendent of Public Instruction election** will take place on June 2, 2026, to elect the next Superintendent of Public Instruction of California.

## Candidates 
The Superintendent of Public Instruction election in California is officially nonpartisan. The parties below identify which party label each candidate would have run under if given the option.

### Declared 
*Richard Barrera (Democratic), San Diego Unified School District Board member
*Nichelle Henderson (Democratic), Los Angeles Community College District trustee
*Frank Lara (Peace and Freedom), education union leader
*Al Muratsuchi (Democratic), state assemblymember from the 66th district (2012–2014, 2016–present)
*Josh Newman (Democratic), former state senator from the 29th district (2016–2018, 2020–2024)
*Anthony Rendon (Democratic), former Speaker of the California State Assembly (2016–2023) from the 62nd district (2012–2014)
*Sonja Shaw (Republican), president of the Chino Valley Unified School District board

### Withdrawn 
* Andra Hoffman (Democratic), Los Angeles Community College District trustee

## Endorsements 
## Notes
## References 
## Other websites 
**Official campaign links**
* Richard Barrera for Superintendent
* Nichelle Henderson for Superintendent
* Andra Hoffman for Superintendent
* Frank Lara for Superintendent
* Al Muratsuchi for Superintendent
* Josh Newman for Superintendent
* Anthony Rendon for Superintendent
* Sonja Shaw for Superintendent
SpongeBob SquarePants: Operation Krabby Patty

***SpongeBob SquarePants: Operation Krabby Patty*** is an action video game based on the animated TV series *SpongeBob SquarePants*.
I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot

"**I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot**" is the ninth episode of the fifteenth season of ***The Simpsons***. It first aired on January 11, 2004.

## Other websites 
*
Miss Universe 2024

**Miss Universe 2024** was the 73rd Miss Universe match. Women from 125 countries played that game. Its big show was held in Mexico City, Mexico, on 16 November 2024. Denmark's Victoria Kjær Theilvig won it.

## Sources
List of earthquakes in China

This is an incomplete **list of earthquakes in mainland China** since 1900.

*1913 Eshan earthquake 
*1920 Haiyuan earthquake
*1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
*1975 Haicheng earthquake  
*1976 Tangshan earthquake (major event).

## since 2000
*2008 Sichuan earthquake (major event).
*2013 Lushan earthquake
*2014 Ludian earthquake
*2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake
*2022 Luding earthquake
*2022 Qinghai earthquake
*2025 Tibet earthquake

## Related page
*List of earthquakes
*List of collapses of buildings and structures in China

## References
Uperodon variegatus

The **Eluru dot frog**, **variegated ramanella**, **variable ramanella**, **variegated balloon frog**, **variegated globular frog**, **termite nest frog**, or **marbled narrow-mouth frog** (*Uperodon variegatus*) is a frog.  It lives in India and Sri Lanka and scientists think it might also live in Bangladesh.

## Body
This frog can be as big as 35 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is dark brown with some light brown or white dots on the feet. The belly is whitish in color.

## Home
This frog is awake at night. It lives in forests, grassy places, places where animals eat grass and near farms and human homes. People find them near termite hills. It can live in places where human beings live, for example coffee farms. People have found them in toilets.  Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level.

## Young
This frog has many tadpoles at the same time. The tadpoles swim and grow in pools that dry up for part of the year.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Human beings do change the places where the frog lives with pollution from chemicals that make plants grow and chemicals that kill pests. Climate change could hurt this frog in the future.

## References
To Plant a Seed

***To Plant a Seed*** is the debut studio album by American metalcore band We Came as Romans. The album was released on November 3, 2009.

## Track listing
## References
Eva Pilgrim

**Eva Pilgrim ** (born August 30, 1982) is a South Korean-born American broadcast journalist. She previously co-anchored the ABC afternoon news program GMA3: What You Need to Know with DeMarco Morgan. In 2025, she was named as the new host of the syndicated-newsmagazine Inside Edition. She was born in Seoul, South Korea to a Korean mother and a White American father.

## References
Miguel Uribe Turbay

**Miguel Uribe Turbay** (January 28, 1986 &ndash; August 11, 2025) was a Colombian lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Senate of Colombia from 2022 until his assassination in 2025. He was also a pre-candidate for the presidency of Colombia in the 2026 election.

On June 7, 2025, during the pre-campaign campaign, Uribe Turbay was attending a tour of the Modelia neighborhood organized by Víctor Mosquera, a council member of his party from the town of Fontibón. During his speech, he was shot by a 15-year-old Élder José Arteaga Hernandez and was under care in intensive care. He died two months later from his injuries.

## Political career
In 2012, Uribe was elected to the Bogotá City Council for the Colombian Liberal Party. In 2016, he was appointed secretary of the government of Bogotá under Mayor Enrique Peñalosa. He ran for mayor of Bogotá in 2018 as an independent, but lost to Claudia López of the Green Alliance. 

In the **2022 parliamentary election**, he was elected to the Senate for the Democratic Centre (CD).

## Presidential pre-candidacy
On March 4, 2025, Miguel Uribe Turbay officially announced his presidential candidacy on his Democratic Center party's presidential ticket. Uribe is facing María Fernanda Cabal, Paloma Valencia, Andrés Guerra, and Paola Holguín. 

According to polls conducted at the end of 2024, Miguel Uribe appeared to be the party's favorite, slightly ahead of Cabal. However, the other pre-candidates questioned the poll. Disputes continued within the party, with Uribe Turbay's group favoring determining the candidate through a poll, as had been the case for the 2018 elections. However, the other four candidates opposed such a mechanism, considering it unreliable.

## Personal life
In 2016, he married María Claudia Tarazona, with whom he has a son, Alejandro. The wedding, held at the Bogotá Country Club, was a prominent event in the national political arena, attended by former presidents, ministers, senators, and prominent public figures.
## Death
On June 7, 2025, in the town of Fontibón in Bogotá, in the middle of a political event to determine his party's presidential candidate, the pre-candidate was shot several times, two of which hit him in the head and one in one of his legs. 

Turbay was taken to a local medical center, and the alleged hitman of the incident, a 14-year-old minor, was captured at the scene. The case shocked the international community and internally all the country's political parties, who strongly rejected the attack. 

He died at age of 39 on August 11, 2025 from hemorrhaging in the central nervous system as a result of the attack.

## References
## Other websites
*
Yūrei

***Yūrei*** are Japanese ghosts who seek revenge for deaths. Some examples are Teke Teke, Hanako San, and Samara from the Ring.

## References
Memphis Chicks (Southern League)

The **Memphis Chicks** were a Minor League Baseball team from Memphis, Tennessee, that played from 1978 to 1997. They played baseball at the Double-A (AA) level, the second-most difficult level before Major League Baseball (MLB), against other baseball teams in the Southern League. The Chicks were partnered with four MLB teams: the Montreal Expos (1978–1983), Kansas City Royals (1984–1994), San Diego Padres (1995–1996), and Seattle Mariners (1997). The team was named "Chicks" because another team called the Memphis Chickasaws played in Memphis from 1901 to 1960.

## References
## Other websites 
*
* The team's statistics from *Baseball-Reference*
July 2025 Central Texas floods

Beginning from Independence Day (July 4) 2025, severe thunderstorms and flash floods caused a very devastating flooding event which went on for several days. These flooding events happened in Central, Western and Southern Texas.

The flooding was triggered in part by the low that had been Tropical Storm Barry. The cyclone struck Northeastern Mexico.

Between four and five months of rainfall occurred in just a few hours. In one case, the waters of a river  rose by about  in about 45 minutes.

The death toll from the flooding in Central, Southern and Western Texas was way beyond 100. The overall toll was likely to increase.

This flood was the deadliest inland flooding event in the United States since the 1976 Big Thompson River flood, surpassing flooding from Hurricane Helene in 2024.

## References
Layers of the ocean

The ocean is divided into five layers based on factors like depth, light , temperature, and pressure. Each layer has its own animals, with species specially adapted to their particular environments. These zones are:

* Epipelagic (Sunlight Zone)
* Mesopelagic (Twilight Zone)
* Bathypelagic (Midnight Zone)
* Abyssopelagic (The Abyss)
* Hadalpelagic (Hadal Zone)
WBUZ (FM)

**WBUZ** (102.9 MHz, "102.9 The Buzz") is a commercial FM radio station in La Vergne, Tennessee, that serves the Nashville metropolitan area. WBUZ airs a rock music format, with elements of alternative rock. It calls itself "Nashville's Rock Station." WBUZ is owned by Cromwell Radio Group. The radio studios and offices are on Murfreesboro Pike in Nashville. Its transmitter is on Gene Underwood Road in Eagleville, about  south of Nashville.

WBUZ broadcasts using HD technology. It carries sports programming of co-owned WPRT-FM "102.5 The Game" on its HD2 digital subchannel; and carries the sports programming of co-owned WQZQ "94.9 The Fan", on its HD3 subchannel. WBUZ-HD3 "94.9 The Fan" is also broadcast via FM translator **W235BW** 94.9&nbsp;MHz in Nashville; it carries a classic hits format branded as "Totally Hits Nashville" on its HD4 subchannel.  WBUZ-HD4 "Totally Hits Nashville" is also broadcast via FM translator **W236CI** 95.1&nbsp;MHz in Murfreesboro.

## References
## Other websites
*WBUZ The radio station's website
Saverio Indrio

**Saverio Indrio** was an Italian voice actor from Taranto known as the Italian voice for Dwayne Johnson, Kevin McNally and other roles. 
Indrio died suddenly in Rome on 30 June 2025, at the age of 62.
Oinam Bijando

**Oinam Bijando** (), also known as **Oina Bijando** (),

The Meitei proverb "Tongjei Marilda Shamu Litpa" () comes from Oinam Bijando, who didn’t go to the palace in time. Later, he explained that he couldn’t come in time because his naughty child wanted to make an elephant go through a narrow pipe (called a tongjei). This silly excuse became a saying to describe people who give ridiculous or impossible reasons to avoid something.

## Representation in media and literature 
Bijando's life and legacy have been explored in various media and scholarly works. His biography, titled *Oinam Bijando*, authored by Leitanthem Heramot Meitei, was published in 1993. A radio drama series entitled *Bijando Gi Lousing Wari (translated as The Wisdom Story of Bijando)* was also produced and broadcast on Manipuri language radio channels.

In academic literature, scholars such as Moirangthem Kirti Singh have referenced Oinam Bijando in works including *Religion and Culture of Manipur (1988)* and *Folk Culture of Manipur (1993)*, where he is discussed in the context of Manipuri performative traditions and court culture.

## Related pages 
* Oinam family
* Birbal
* Nasreddin

## References
Denise Ho

**Denise Ho Wan-see** is a Hong Kong-born Canadian Cantopop singer and actress. In 2012, she came out as a lesbian.

She is also a pro-democracy and human rights activist. In 2015, she decided to be an independent singer.

In December 2021, she was arrested by the police because of political charges.  

## References
Florian Semani

**Florian Semani** (born 2 July 1981) is an Albanian economist and public official. From March 2025 to July 2025, he has served as the Deputy Minister of Finance of Albania.

## Education 
Semani studied economics and mathematics at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, Canada, with a full scholarship. He later earned a PhD in economics from New York University, where he focused on macroeconomics and financial economics. During his time there, he studied under Nobel Prize-winning economist Thomas J. Sargent.

## Career 
Before becoming Deputy Minister, Semani worked as a senior economist at the United States Department of the Treasury from August 2024 to February 2025. His work involved corporate audits and tax investigations related to the Internal Revenue Service, including cases at the United States Tax Court.

Earlier, he was a manager at Andersen Tax USA, where he worked on international tax planning and transfer pricing. He also taught as an adjunct lecturer at New York University, offering courses such as International Economics, Macroeconomics, Industrial Organization, and Applied Game Theory.

## References
List of collapses of buildings and structures in China

was among the many schools that suffered structural damage by earthquake in China.]]

This is a **list of structural collapses in mainland China** without an earthquake happening at the same time. As earthquake is a common cause of collapse, read the list of earthquakes in China for more information.

## from the earliest to the latest
*Collapse of Jiujiang Bridge - 2007 - caused by collision. 

*Fengcheng power station scaffold collapse - 2016 - at least 74 people died.  

*Collapse of Juxian Restaurant - 2020

*Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel - 2020

*Collapse of Siji Kaiyuan Hotel - 2021

*Changsha building collapse - 2022 - 54 people killed.

*2023 Qiqihar school gymnasium collapse

*2024 Lixinsha Bridge collapse - caused by collision.

*2024 Meizhou expressway collapse 

*Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway - June 2025

## References
David Ghirlandaio

on panel painting by Davide Ghirlandaio, 1490s, Philadelphia Museum of Art.]]
**Davide Ghirlandaio** (1452–1525) was an Italian Painter and mosaicist. He was also known as **David Ghirlandaio** and as **Davide Bigordi**. His brothers Benedetto Ghirlandaio (1458–1497) and Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494) were both painters. Davide first assisted his brother, Domenico, a renowned painter, and later became his partner.
Attacks on US bases during the Gaza war

Beginning on October 17, 2023, Iran-backed militias launched over 170 coordinated attacks on U.S. military bases and assets in Syria, Iraq, and Jordan, in response to U.S. support for Israel in the Gaza war.

## Iraq 
### Al-Asad air base 
On October 17, 2023, during the Gaza war, Iraqi militants attempted a drone strike on the U.S. al-Asad Airbase in northern Iraq. The attack was intercepted.
The next day, a false alarm at the base led to the death of a civilian contractor who suffered a heart attack.
On October 20, the U.S. ordered all non-essential staff to leave its embassy in Baghdad and consulate in Erbil.

On November 20, a ballistic missile hit the base, injuring eight U.S. and coalition soldiers and causing minor damage.

On January 20, 2024, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a large missile attack on the base. Dozens of missiles injured several U.S. troops and one Iraqi soldier.
The attack occurred at 6:30 p.m. Baghdad time. The U.S. responded with over 15 Patriot missiles to defend the base.

## References
Tú alfagra land mítt

"**Tú alfagra land mítt**" ("Thou fairest land of mine"), officially "**Mítt alfagra land**" ("My fairest land"), is the national anthem of the Faroe Islands.

## History
The song was written on 1 February 1906 by Símun av Skarði.

Petur Alberg wrote the first notes of the national anthem in 1907. It was first performed on 26 December 1907.

## Lyrics 
## References 
## Other websites
*Faroese national anthem (with lyrics)
*Faroese national anthem (instrumental only)
Coat of arms of the Faroe Islands

The **coat of arms of the Faroe Islands** displays a silver ram () on an azure shield.

## History 
The Prime Minister's Office announced on 1 April 2004, that it would adopt a new version of the coat of arms.

## Gallery 

File:Faroe Coat of arms 1533.png|Old seal from 1533.

## References
Akong Langmeisu

**Akong Langmeisu** () was a maidservant in the Meitei royal court during the 13th century Kangleipak (early Manipur). She is known for her role in the tragic events depicted in the classical Meitei literary work Thawanthaba Hiran. She is remembered in Meitei cultural memory as the figure whose deceitful actions led to the wrongful execution of Queen Khayoiron Tangja Samphabi, sparking the Khuman–Meitei War.

Akong Langmeisu's character shows the destructive consequences of palace intrigue, jealousy, and manipulation, and she remains one of the most controversial figures in early Meitei literature (old Manipuri literature).

## Historical and literary context 
Akong Langmeisu appears in the historical narrative Thawanthābā Hiran, a seminal literary work that blends history and drama in showing the 13th-century conflict between the Meitei (Ningthouja) and Khuman dynasties. Though a secondary character, her actions serve as a major catalyst for the events that follow.

While the story is largely drawn from actual history, it is told through a literary lens, and Akong Langmeisu’s role is often interpreted symbolically, as a warning against envy and courtly deception.

## Role in the tragedy 
Akong Langmeisu was a maidservant of Queen Loibi Tharangamba, one of the queen consorts of King Thawanthaba. She is described as a tale-bearer and malicious courtier, motivated by jealousy or loyalty to her mistress. Her involvement in the tragedy began when she found a lost bunch of flowers, previously owned by the king’s younger brother Leishapamba Tougaingamba, a known admirer of flowers.

Instead of returning the flowers to the real owner, she deliberately put them near the pillow of Queen Khayoiron Tangja Samphabi, the Khuman princess recently married to the Meitei king's harem. Upon discovering the flowers, the Meitei king became consumed by jealousy, suspecting an illicit relationship between Samphabi and his brother.

Despite the queen’s passionate pleas of innocence, Thawanthaba remained unmoved, and ordered her brutal execution. This act, based entirely on the false implication set by Langmeisu’s action, would go on to ignite the Khuman–Meitei War.

Later in the narrative, Akong Langmeisu reappears unexpectedly in the dead of night, carrying a torch, and testifies falsely against Queen Samphabi. She swears that the flowers found near the queen’s bed closely resembled those worn by the prince, further sealing the queen's fate.

## Related pages 
* List of Khuman queens
* List of Khuman kings
* Khuman Kangleirol
* Moirang Kangleirol
* Ningthourol Lambuba
* Cheitharol Kumbaba
## References
Nadech Kugimiya

**Nadech Kugimiya** (; born December 17, 1991) is a Thai actor and model. He is best known for his roles in *Duang Jai Akkanee* (2010), *Game Rai Game Rak* (2011), *Sunset at Chaophraya* (2013), *The Rising Sun Series* (2014), *Leh Lub Salub Rarng* (2017), *The Crown Princess* (2018), *My Love from the Star (Thai version)* (2019), *The Con-Heartist* (2020) and *Death Whisperer* (2023).
## References
Leima Kuchukoibi

**Leima Kuchukoibi** () was a court lady of the Khuman dynasty in 13th-century Kangleipak (Manipur). She is remembered for her brief but emotionally powerful role in the classical Meitei historic literary work Thawanthaba Hiran. She is portrayed as a graceful and intelligent woman who, despite her lower status, entered into an intimate relationship with Meitei King Thawanthaba of the Ningthouja dynasty, under conditions that showed her dignity and foresight.

Her character contributes to the subtext of trust, betrayal, and tragedy that runs through the narrative epic, showing a deeply human portrayal of a woman caught between personal desire and royal politics.

## Historical and literary context 
Leima Kuchukoibi lived during a time of fragile political peace between the Meiteis (Ningthoujas) and the Khumans. While there are little widely known historical records of her outside literary sources, her presence in the Thawanthaba Hiran, a foundational work in early Meitei literature, makes her a notable female character in the cultural memory of Manipur. She represents a lesser-known voice in a story dominated by monarchs and warriors. Her arc also introduces a sub-plot involving love, motherhood, and broken promises, serving as a contrast to the main narrative of political alliance and conflict.

## Relationship with King Thawanthaba 
Leima Kuchukoibi, a Khuman dynasty court lady of rare grace and charm, was sent to assist in the marriage negotiations between Ningthouja King Thawanthaba and Khayoiron Tangja Samphabi, the Khuman princess. During her stay in the Meitei royal court, she caught the attention of King Thawanthaba and became involved with him.

Before giving herself to the king, Kuchukoibi extracted a solemn promise that if their union resulted in a child, the king must recognize and care for it as his own. This act of securing a verbal contract shows both her intelligence and awareness of the precarious position of women in royal courts.

## Breach of promise and tragic aftermath 
The affair resulted in the birth of a son. However, when hostilities broke out between the Ningthouja Meiteis and the Khumans, the king failed to uphold his promise. Thawanthaba sent a wave of retaliatory violence following the death of Chingkhei Thanbi, his daughter. During that event, the son of Leima Kuchukoibi became one of the victims of Ningthouja Meitei aggression.

Thawanthaba, upon realizing that the boy was his own, was overwhelmed with grief and remorse. The narrative epic describes him shedding "scalding tears", showing that this was not merely a political loss, but a deeply personal one. The king’s failure to honor his promise adds a layer of emotional tragedy to his character, showing his limitations not only as a ruler but as a man.

## Related pages 
* List of Khuman queens
* List of Khuman kings
* Khuman Kangleirol
* Moirang Kangleirol
* Ningthourol Lambuba
* Cheitharol Kumbaba

## References
Jamestown, Tennessee

**Jamestown** is a city in and the county seat of Fentress County, Tennessee, United States. The population of the city was 1,935 at the 2020 census.

## References
## Other websites
* Municipal Technical Advisory Service entry for Jamestown  — information on local government, elections, and link to charter
* The Fentress Courier
* The World's Longest Yardsale
Hunt, Texas

**Hunt** is an unincorporated community in western Kerr County, Texas, United States. It is near the Guadalupe River on State Highway 39.

## References
Susana Dias

**Susana Dias** ( ) was a woman from São Paulo. She and her son, Captain , started the city of Parnahyba in the São Vicente region, which is now called Santana de Parnaíba in São Paulo, Brazil.

Dias was born around 1553 to Pero Lopes, who was Portuguese, and Beatriz Dias, who was Indigenous. Susana's grandfather was chief Tibiriçá. In 1580, she started a farm by the Anhembi river (which is now called the Tietê river) to help with the Portuguese colonization for minerals and Indigenous slaves. She built a well for Saint Anne, who she worshipped on this land, and from whom the city of Santana de Parnaíba gets its name. It is believed that her son, André, was two years old when the city was founded, but the area became its own town in 1625, breaking away from the larger São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga, which later became modern São Paulo. and Baltasar Fernandes, one of the founders of the city of Sorocaba.

## References
Kicker (magazine)

***Kicker*** is a magazine focused primarily on association football. The magazine was founded in 1920 by Walther Bensemann. Each edition sells around 80,000 copies. The magazine also publishes the *Kicker Fußball-Almanach* (an almanac).

## History 
kicker was first issued in July 1920 in Konstanz. The headquarters were originally in Stuttgart before moving to Nuremberg in 1926. During World War II, they tried to publish it, but the magazine was discontinued in the autumn season of 1944. After the war, the magazine was being published again.

## References
*
Yaiphurakpa

**Yaiphurakpa ()**, also known as **Yaphurakpa ()**, was a warrior king of Chairen group of people in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). He is notably mentioned in the classical Meitei literary work Chainarol ("An Account of Combats"). He is remembered for his martial skill, sense of honour, and a celebrated duel with Haotak Laiba, the contemporary king of Khende group of people.
Yaiphurakpa is remembered as a paragon of chivalry, self-restraint, and valor in ancient Meitei literature. His story shows the warrior ethos of ancient Meitei civilisation, where personal honour was often considered more important than vengeance or rigid adherence to violent customs. His duel is one of the few in the Chainarol that ends without death, marking it as an exceptional tale of honour over violence.

## Duel with Haotak Laiba 
The most well documented account involving Yaiphurakpa is his duel with Haotak Laiba, ruler of the Khende clan. Their conflict originated from a misunderstanding and jealousy.

Initially, they had a very good friendship. During a hunting event, Haotak Laiba's wife hosted Yaiphurakpa with lavish hospitality, serving rich food and abundant wine. As a return gesture, the following year, Yaiphurakpa reciprocated with an even more generous feast. There came a rising tension as a consequence. Haotak Laiba, driven by suspicion and jealousy, accused Yaiphurakpa of improper illicit relationship with his wife. Yaphurakpa denied the accusations. Thereafter, a duel challenge was proposed. To resolve the matter with honour, they agreed to a one-on-one archery duel at Lawai Ponbikhok Chairen Theichang Poong, a designated combat ground.

### Outcome 
Haotak Laiba shot first but missed, his arrow landing in the marshes. Yaiphurakpa followed with a precise shot that struck Haotak Laiba in the thigh. Though victorious and entitled to claim his rival's head as per the warrior code, Yaiphurakpa was moved by their past friendship and spared Haotak Laiba’s life. The two reconciled and returned home after sharing drinks, showing a blend of martial integrity and compassion.

## Related pages 
* Meitei confederacy
* Meitei warrior traditions
* Khuman warrior traditions
* Meitei martial arts
* Meitei traditional weapons
* Khuman kingdom
* Moirang kingdom
* Khuman Kangleirol
* Moirang Kangleirol

## References
Haotak Laiba

**Haotak Laiba** () was a warrior king of the Khende clan, in Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). He is notably mentioned in the classical Meitei literary text Chainarol (An Account of Combats). He is best known for his dramatic single combat with Yaiphurakpa, the king of Chairen, showing the Manipuri martial traditions and honour codes of ancient Meitei civilisation.
He is remembered as a flawed but honourable warrior, proud and quick to anger, but also willing to accept defeat with grace. His story shows the tension between personal pride, marital suspicion, and warrior ethics.

His character contrasts with others in the Chainarol, where fights often end in violence. In Haotak Laiba’s case, reconciliation and respect prevailed, making his story one of the most human and nuanced in the narrative.

## Conflict with Yaiphurakpa 
During a royal hunting event, Haotak Laiba's wife hosted Yaiphurakpa, king of Chairen, offering him a warm welcome with rich food and drinks. A year later, Yaiphurakpa returned the favour by hosting Haotak Laiba with even greater hospitality. However, this gesture sparked jealousy and suspicion in Haotak Laiba. He accused Yaiphurakpa of becoming too close with his wife, an accusation Yaiphurakpa denied. To resolve the dispute in a manner befitting warriors, they agreed to a duel in archery at a site called Lawai Ponbikhok Chairen Theichang Poong.

## Duel and aftermath 
Haotak Laiba shot first, invoking the names of Heaven and Earth, but missed. Yaiphurakpa’s arrow hit Haotak Laiba in the thigh, making him the clear winner. Though custom dictated that the victor should take the loser's head, Yaiphurakpa chose to spare Haotak Laiba’s life, moved by their previous friendship. The two reconciled peacefully, sharing drinks after the duel, a rare ending in the Chainarol, where most stories end in death.

## Related pages 
* Meitei confederacy
* Meitei warrior traditions
* Khuman warrior traditions
* Meitei martial arts
* Meitei traditional weapons
* Khuman kingdom
* Moirang kingdom
* Khuman Kangleirol
* Moirang Kangleirol

## References