open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Anthony Edwards

**Anthony Charles Edwards** (born July 19, 1962) is an American actor and director. He is most widely known for his role as Dr. Mark Greene on the first eight seasons of *ER*, for which he received a Golden Globe award and six Screen Actors Guild Awards, and was nominated for four consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards. Additionally, he has appeared in various movies and television shows, including *Top Gun*, *Zodiac*, *Miracle Mile*, *Revenge of the Nerds*, *Planes*, *Northern Exposure* and *Designated Survivor*.

## References 
## Other websites 
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Michael Chiklis

**Michael Charles Chiklis** (born August 30, 1963) is an American actor, television director and television producer. He is best known for his role as LAPD Detective Vic Mackey on the FX police drama *The Shield*, for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2002, and was nominated in 2003. He is also known for playing Commissioner Tony Scali on the ABC police drama *The Commish*, The Thing in two *Fantastic Four* movies, and Jim Powell on the ABC science-fiction comedy-drama *No Ordinary Family*. Additionally, he co-starred as Vincent Savino in the CBS crime drama *Vegas*. In 2014 Chiklis joined the cast of *American Horror Story* for its fourth season, *American Horror Story: Freak Show*. The following year he was cast as Nathaniel Barnes, in the second season of *Gotham**,* as a series regular.

## Other websites 
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Dimitri Diatchenko

**Dimitri Diatchenko** (April 11, 1968 – April 21, 2020) was an American actor and musician. He was born in San Francisco, California. He was known for playing Russian villain roles. His best known roles were as Russian henchmen in *Get Smart* and *Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull*. He also played Yuri in *Chernobyl Diaries*.

Diatchenko was found dead in his home in Coral Gables, Florida on April 21, 2020 of a heart attack, aged 52.

He was half Ukrainian and half German.

## References
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Andy Kindler

**Andy Kindler** (born October 16, 1956) is an American comedian from Queens, New York.

## References 
## Other websites 
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John and Mary (movie)

***John and Mary*** is a 1969 American romantic drama movie. It was directed by Peter Yates. It was based on the novel of the same name by Mervyn Jones. It stars Dustin Hoffman, Mia Farrow, Tyne Daly, Olympia Dukakis, Stanley Beck, Michael Tolan. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites
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No Place to Hide (1973 movie)

***No Place to Hide*** is a 1973 American political thriller movie directed by Robert Allen Schnitzer and starring Sylvester Stallone. In 1990, the film was re-edited, this time as a comedy film  titled A Man called Rambo.

## Other websites
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The Onion Field (movie)

***The Onion Field*** is a 1979 American crime drama movie directed by Harold Becker and based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Joseph Wambaugh. It stars James Woods, John Savage, Ted Danson, Franklyn Seales, Priscilla Pointer, Ronny Cox, Christopher Lloyd, and was distributed by Embassy Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
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Cagayan Valley

**Cagayan Valley** is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as **Region II**. It is in the northeastern part of Luzon Island. The capital is Tuguegarao City.

It has five provinces: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino.  

Most of the region is in a large valley, between the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The Cagayan River flows from the Caraballo Mountains to the Luzon Strait. The region includes the Babuyan Islands and Batanes Islands to the north.

## References
Calabarzon

**Calabarzon** is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as **Southern Tagalog Mainland** or **Region IV-A**, It is on Luzon island. The capital is Calamba City and the administrative center is Lucena City.

The region has five provinces: Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon. There is also one HUC or independent city, *Lucena*.

## List of provinces in Calabarzon
## Images
## References
Bicol Region

The **Bicol Region** is a region of the Philippines. It is also known as **Region V**. The regional center and largest city is Legazpi City.

Bicol had six provinces. Four are on the Bicol Peninsula mainland – Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon. Two are the islands provinces of Catanduanes and Masbate.

Mayon is the tallest volcano in the region. Mount Bulusan is the other active volcano in the region.

## References
Western Visayas

**Western Visayas** is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as **Region VI**. The regional center, and largest city, is Iloilo City.

It has five provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, and Iloilo. There is one independent city, being Iloilo City. Western Visayas has the islands of Panay and the smaller Guimaras, as well as several outlying islands.

The prominent language in the region is Hiligaynon. There are also languages spread across the provinces, like Kiniray-a, Capiznon, and Aklanon.

## References
Majority government

A **majority government** is when a ruling party (or multiple ruling parties) has more than half the seats in a legislature. This is different from a minority government, when the party with the most seats in a legislature has less than half the seats, and a coalition government, when multiple different parties work together to govern. Usually when elections happen, the parties try to win a majority government. This is because majority governments let them pass all their legislation.

Sometimes, when parties have a very stable coalition for a very long time, people call it a majority government. One example of this is in Australia, where the Liberal and National have parties have worked together in a coalition for several decades.

## References
## Other websites
* Video by Global News explaining the difference between a majority, minority, and coalition government
Zamboanga Peninsula

**Zamboanga Peninsula**  is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as **Region IX**. The regional center is Pagadian.

The region has three provinces (Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Sur) and two cities (Isabela City and Zamboanga City). In September 9, 2024 the province of Sulu is including in the region.

## List of provinces in Zamboanga Peninsula
## References
Northern Mindanao

**Northern Mindanao** is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as **Region X**. The regional center is Cagayan de Oro.

It has five provinces: Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, and Lanao del Norte.

## References
Davao Region

**Davao Region** is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as **Region XI**. Its regional center is Davao City. 

There are five provinces: Davao de Oro, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, and Davao Occidental.

## List of provinces in Davao Region
## References
Soccsksargen

**Soccsksargen** (sometimes stylised as SOCCSKSARGEN) is an administrative region of the Philippines. It is also known as **Region XII**. The regional center is Koronadal.

There are four provinces and 1 city. They are South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and General Santos. 

Mindanao River is in the region. It empties into the Illana Bay of the larger Moro Gulf.

## List of provinces in Soccsksargen
## References
Eastern Visayas

**Eastern Visayas** is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as **Region VIII**. The regional center is Tacloban.

There are three main islands: Samar, Leyte and Biliran. The region has six provinces, one independent city and one highly urbanized city. The provinces are Biliran, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar, Eastern Samar, Southern Leyte. The cities are Ormoc and Tacloban.

The region is known for its famous landmark, the San Juanico Bridge.

## References
Caraga

**Caraga** is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as **Region XIII**. It is on the northeastern part of the island of Mindanao. Butuan is the regional administrative center.

There are five provinces: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur,  Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Norte, and Surigao del Sur.

## References
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

The **Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao** was an autonomous region of the Philippines. It was in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines.

There were 5 provinces: Basilan (except Isabela City), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. It was the only region that had its own government.

## References
Bangsamoro

The **Bangsamoro** is an autonomous region in the southern Philippines. It is officially named the **Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao** or **BARMM**.

It replaced the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao in 2019.

The region includes Lake Lanao, one of the 17 most ancient lakes in the world. The Sulu archipelago region includes the Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary (a UNESCO tentative site), Bongao Peak, and the Basilan Rainforest. Majority of the population in this region follow Islam. The capital city is Marawi.

## List of provinces in Bangsamoro Region
## References
Cordillera Administrative Region

**Cordillera Administrative Region**  is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is on the island of Luzon. The regional center is Baguio.

It was created on July 15, 1987. There are 6 provinces: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province.

Mount Pulag, the highest mountain in Luzon, is in the region. Rivers include the Chico River, Abulog, and Siffu River. Tourist sites include Banaue Rice Terraces, Cassamata Hill National Park, and Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park. 

## References
One More Train to Rob

***One More Train to Rob*** is a 1971 American western movie by Andrew McLaglen and starring George Peppard, Diana Muldar, John Vernon, France Nuyen, Soon-Tek Oh, Hal Needham. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Cast
* George Peppard as Harker Fleet
* Diana Muldaur as Katy
* John Vernon as Timothy Xavier Nolan
* France Nuyen as Ah Toy
* Soon-Tek Oh as Yung
* Steve Sandor as Jim Gant
* Pamela McMyler as Cora Mae Jones
* Richard Loo as Mr. Chang
* Robert Donner as Sheriff Adams
* John Doucette as Sheriff Monte
* C.K. Yang as Wong
* Marie Windsor as Louella
* Timothy Scott as Slim
* Joan Shawlee as Big Nellie
* Hal Needham as Bert Gant
* Harry Carey, Jr. as Red

## References
## Other websites
* 
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The Executioner (1970 movie)

***The Executioner*** is a 1970 British spy thriller movie directed by Sam Wanamaker and starring George Peppard, Joan Collins, Judy Geeson, Charles Gray, Nigel Patrick, Keith Michell. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
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Cannon for Cordoba

***Cannon for Cordoba*** is a 1970 American romantic western movie directed by Paul Wendkos and starring George Peppard, Pete Duel, Giovanna Ralli, Raf Vallone, Francine York, Hans Meyer. It was distributed by United Artists.

## Other websites
* 
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International Science and Engineering Fair

The ** Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair** (**ISEF**) is an annual science fair in the United States, and is owned and administered by the Society for Science & the Public a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C.,. 

## Background
Each May, more than 1500 students from roughly 70 countries and territories compete in the fair for scholarships, tuition grants, internships, scientific field trips and the grand prizes, including one $75,000 and two $50,000 college scholarships. 

All prizes together amount to over $4,070,000. Two awards ceremonies are held including: Special Awards Organization Presentation (which now includes the Government Awards Presentations) and the Grand Awards Ceremony. The International Science and Engineering Fair was founded in 1950 by Science Service (now the Society for Science & the Public) and was sponsored by the Intel Corporation from 1997 to 2019. 

## Notable alumni 
ISEF alumni include: 

* Richard Zare (1957): American chemist who won the National Medal of Science in 1983 
* Susan Solomon (1972):  Atmospheric chemist who won the National Medal of Science in 1999  
* Dianne Newman (1987): Microbiologist 
* Feng Zhang (2000): CRISPR researcher 
* Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (2007): United States Congresswoman 
* Alex Deans (2013): Inventor 

## References
Pretty Poison (movie)

***Pretty Poison*** is a 1968 American black comedy movie. It was directed by Noel Black. The movie is based on the novel *She Let Him Continue* by Stephen Geller. It stars Anthony Perkins, Tuesday Weld, Beverly Garland, and Clarice Blackburn. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is a cult movie.

## Other websites
*
*
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Ebrahim Amini

**Ebrahim Amini** (30 June 1925 – April 24, 2020) was an Iranian politician. He was a member of the Assembly of Experts from 1983 to 2007 and again from 2016 to 2020. He was also a member of the Expediency Discernment Council. He was a possible candidate to become the next Iranian Supreme Leader.

Amini was known as a critic of the government of former president Mahmoud Ahmedinejad.

Amini died at a hospital on April 24, 2020 in Qom, Iran at the age of 94.

## References
Captain Tom Moore

Captain **Sir Tom Moore** (30 April, 1920 &ndash; 2 February, 2021), popularly known as **Captain Tom**, was a former British Army officer. He was known for his philanthropic work. Moore was in India and the Burma campaign during the Second World War. He later became an instructor in armoured warfare.

## Early life 
Moore was born on 30 April 1920 to British parents. His father was from of a family of builders, and his mother was a head teacher. Moore went to Keighley Grammar School.

## Biography and career 
After the war, he worked as managing director of a concrete company and was a motorcycle racer. He was born in Keighley, West Riding of Yorkshire.

On 6 April 2020, at the age of 99, he began to walk around his garden to raise money for NHS Charities Together during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the goal of raising £1,000 by his hundredth birthday. By 27 April he had raised over £29&nbsp;million. He co-recorded a cover version of the song "You'll Never Walk Alone", which was at the top of the UK music charts and made him the oldest person in history to have a number one single.

On 6 July 2020 Queen Elizabeth II made him a knight.

In December 2020 Moore took a family holiday to Barbados after British Airways paid for his flight.

## Illness and death 
On 31 January 2021, Moore was taken to Bedford Hospital after testing positive for COVID-19 and being treated for pneumonia.

## References
## Other websites
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Grandma Lee

**Frances Lee Strong** (May 29, 1934 – April 24, 2020), better known by her stage name **Grandma Lee**, was an American stand-up comedian. Lee was a contestant on the fourth season of ''America's Got Talent*. She was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

In 2009, she participated on the reality series *America's Got Talent*. Although she made it to the top 10, she was in the bottom 5 and was eliminated from the competition in the finale on September 16, 2009. She told *People'', "[My] material is based on the truth. I won’t say a cuss word or anything to jeopardize [myself]. I can do clean or edgy."

Strong died on April 24, 2020 at an assisted living facility in Jacksonville, Florida from problems caused by a broken hip, aged 85.

## References
Stefan Lippe

**Stefan Lippe** (October 11, 1955 &ndash; April 24, 2020) was a German executive and former CEO of insurer Swiss Re.

## Biography 
Lippe studied mathematics and business at the University of Mannheim. In 1983, he started working at at a company owned by Swiss Re. He was the CEO of Swiss Re from 2009 until 2012.

He co-founded Acqupart Holding and Yes.com. He became an AXA Director in 2012 and Chairman of the AXA Audit Committee in 2013.

## Personal life 
In April 2020, Lippe died from COVID-19 at the age of 64.

## References
The Statler Brothers

**The Statler Brothers** (sometimes simply referred to **The Statlers**) were an American country music, gospel, and vocal group. The quartet was formed in 1955 performing locally and, in 1964, they began singing backup for Johnny Cash until 1972.

Don Reid sang lead; Harold Reid, Don's older brother, sang bass; Phil Balsley sang baritone; and Lew DeWitt sang tenor and was the guitarist of the Statlers before being replaced by Jimmy Fortune in 1983 due to DeWitt's ill health. 

DeWitt continued to perform as a solo artist until his death on August 15, 1990, from heart and kidney disease. On April 24, 2020, Harold Reid died of kidney failure.

## References
Peter Neil Galgut

**Dr. Peter Neil Galgut, PhD** is a British periodontist and lecturer based out of London, England. Galgut was named *UK National Dentist of the Year Award* in 2010 and in 2013. Galgut has published several peer reviewed research papers on Periodontology.
 
## Early life and education
Galgut was born and raised in Pretoria, South Africa. Galgut attended Pretoria Boys High School and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and where he qualified as a dentist in 1971.

## Career
### Dental and legal
Galgut began his professional career working for the National Health Service, where he served as a general dentist for eight years. Subsequently, he went on to qualify as a Periodontist in University College London (UCL) and a Dento-Legal Expert Witness in Cardiff University. In 2016, the latter earned him the Expert Witness Award in Periodontology.

## Selected publications
*Periodontics: Current Concepts and Treatment Strategies, ISBN 1-85317-981-7 (Martin Dunitz Ltd), 2001
*Humming Your Way To Happiness (Amazon), 2005
*Where God Shakes Hands With Science: A Marriage of Theology and the Sciences (ISBN 9781527203914), 2016

## Institutional positions
*Director of the School of Dental Hygiene (University College Hospital)
*Lecturer in Periodontlogy, King's College London
*Trustee (The Dental Wellness Trust)

## Awards and honors
*The Dentist of the Year for the South, 2010
*UK National Dentist of the Year, 2010, 2013
*The Dentist of the Year for the South, 2013

## References
## Other websites
*
The Squad (United States Congress)

**The Squad** is the unofficial name for a group of seven progressive Democratic Representatives elected in the 2018, 2020 and 2022 congressional elections in the United States House of Representatives. 

Members are Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York; Ilhan Omar of Minnesota; Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts; Rashida Tlaib of Michigan; Greg Casar of Texas and Summer Lee of Pennsylvania.

## Background
All members are people of color, Democrats, members of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, and when elected, were under 50 years old. It has been said The Squad reflects the diversity of a younger political generation inspired by Bernie Sanders's 2016 presidential campaign. Ocasio-Cortez named the original group of four--Omar, Pressley, Ocasio-Cortez and Tlaib--"The Squad" in an Instagram post a week after election day 2018. 

The average age of the Squad was 38.3 years as of mid-2019, nearly twenty years younger than the overall House average age of 57.6 years.

### Trump attacks
On July 14, 2019, President Donald Trump tweeted that The Squad should "go back and help fix the totally broken and [dangerous] places from which they came. Then come back and show us how it is done." Many saw this comment as racist, especially because all are American citizens (Omar became a naturalized citizen in her youth). The next day, The Squad members responded "we are here to stay" in a news conference."  Trump responded with more tweets.

On July 15, 2019, Ocasio-Cortez responded to Trump in a tweet: "It’s important to note that the President’s words yday [*sic*], telling four American Congresswomen of color 'go back to your own country,' is hallmark language of white supremacists. Trump feels comfortable leading the GOP into outright racism, and that should concern all Americans."

## Beliefs
Members of the Squad generally hold political views considered to be on the left, such as views about US immigration detention facilities, Islamophobia, universal health care, human rights, the Israel-Palestine conflict, and climate change.

## References
Hemostasis

**Hemostasis** or **haemostasis** is a process to prevent and stop bleeding, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage). The blood could have problems with carrying out thus clotting process because of drugs (vitamin K for example) and certain conditions, like haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease. 

It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel. Intact blood vessels are important to moderating blood's tendency to form clots.

The word *hemostasis* (, *sometimes* ) uses the combining forms '** and **', New Latin from Ancient Greek αἱμο- *haimo-* (akin to αἷμα *haîma*), "blood", and στάσις stásis, "", yielding "motionlessness or stopping of blood".

## Related pages 
* Platelet

## References
Scavenger Hunt

***Scavenger Hunt*** is a 1979 American comedy movie directed by Michael Schultz and stars Richard Benjamin, James Coco, Ruth Gordon, Cloris Leachman, Roddy McDowall, Robert Morley, Tony Randall, Richard Mulligan, Meat Loaf, Vincent Price, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Stephen Furst, Julie Anne Haddock. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and suffered from bad reviews.

## Other websites
*
Devanand Konwar

**Devanand Konwar** (1943 &ndash; 25 April 2020) was an Indian politician. In 2009, he became the Governor of West Bengal and Bihar. In 2010, he retired as West Bengal Governor. In 2013, he retired as Bihar Governor to become Governor of Tripura. He retired in 2014.

Konwar died on 25 April 2020, aged 77.

## References
Ernest Courant

**Ernest Courant** (March 26, 1920 – April 21, 2020) was a German-born American physicist. He was important for the creation of modern large-scale particle accelerator concepts. 

His most notable discovery was his 1952 work with Milton S. Livingston and Hartland Snyder on the Strong focusing principle, a critical step in the development of modern particle accelerators like the synchrotron. 

Courant was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He worked at Brookhaven National Laboratory. 

He turned 100 in March 2020 and died the following month.

## References
Brookhaven, New York

The **Town of Brookhaven** is the most populous of the ten towns of Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. It is about 50 miles from Manhattan. It is the largest of New York State's 932 towns by area (when water area is included), and the second most populous after the Town of Hempstead. In the 2020 census, the population was 485,773 people.

Brookhaven has a major university called Stony Brook University.

## References
Mahendra Kumar

**Mahendra Kumar** (1973 &ndash; 25 April 2020) was an Indian activist. He was in charge of the Karnataka branch of the Bajrang Dal, an Indian Hindu youth organisation. He was said to have been involved in the 2008 Christian attacks in Karnataka on 14 September 2008. 

He said he was in jail for 42&nbsp;days in Mangalore before being released on conditional bail by Karnataka High Court. He was a critic of the Bharatiya Janata Party calling it a regime to "save the government from further embarrassment after the church attacks and on instructions from the Sangh Parivar leaders."

Kumar died on 25 April 2020 of a heart attack, aged 47.

## References
Joel Rogosin

**Joel Rogosin** (October 30, 1932 – April 21, 2020) was an American television producer and screenwriter. He was known for producing such television series as *77 Sunset Strip*, *The Virginian*, *Ironside*, *Magnum, P.I.*, and *Knight Rider* from the 1960s to the 1990s. He was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on *Ironside* in 1970 and 1971, and received his third Emmy nomination for producing *Magnum, P.I.* in 1983. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Rogosin died on April 21, 2020 in Los Angeles of COVID-19, aged 87.

## References
E-mail attachment

which is the globally recognised representation of email attachment]]
An **e-mail attachment** is a computer file that is sent along with an e-mail message. The user can attach one or more files to any e-mail message. **E-mail attachments** are a simple method to share documents and images. A paper clip icon is usually used to signify an attachment.
Stony Brook, New York

**Stony Brook** is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York. The population was 13,467 at the 2020 census.

## References
Sobekneferu

**Sobekneferu** (sometimes called "**Neferusobek**") was a pharaoh of Egypt between 1806 to 1802 BC. She ruled after Amenemhat IV died. She was the last ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. Her name means "the beauty of Sobek."

## References
To Beast or Not To Beast

**To Beast or Not To Beast** is an album released by Lordi. It was released on 1 march 2013.

## Track listing 
# We're Not Bad for the Kids (We're Worse)
# I Luv Ugly
# The Riff
# Something Wicked This Way Comes
# I'm the Best
# Horrifiction
# Happy New Fear
# Schizo Doll
# Candy for the Cannibal
# Sincerely with Love
# SCG6: Otus' Butcher Clinic
Chekkulam

**Chekkulam** is a village in Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala State, India.

## Geography
Chekkulam is situated about 2.5 km from Kozhencherry.

## References
Chengara

**Chengara** is a small village in Pathanamthitta district in Kerala.  The nearest towns to chengara are Konni which is of about 6&nbsp;km and Pathanamthitta which is of about 10&nbsp;km. Konni medical college is just 3&nbsp;km away from the village.

## Demographics
The population is just above 1500. The literacy rate of the village is 99%.

## Attractions
1) **Orakuzhi**

Orakuzhi is a small Waterfalls, located at the Kizhakkupuram border of the village .This place is a common hang out place of the youths of chengara,

2) **Meemooti thodu**

Another water falls in chengara. This Waterfalls is more dangerous than orakuzhi. Here water falls into huge depth over a huge rock. The officials had a plan to build a small dam in the stream, but later they dropped the plan due to unfavorable result of the feasibility study.

3) **Helipad**

Private helipad is developed by Harrisons Malayalam limited for uses relating to the rubber plantation. However, it is not functioning now.

4) **Harrisons Malayalam Rubber Plantation**

Harrisons Malayalam Rubber Plantation is a rubber plantation which covers significant part of Chengara. The plantation area is more than 3000&nbsp;acres.

5) **Chemmani Rubber Plantation**

Another rubber plantation in Chengara over 300&nbsp;acres.

## Institutions 
**Various institutions in chengara are**

1) Bethel Marthoma Church

2) St.George Orthodox Church Chengara ( chengara pally)

3) St. Patricks Malankara Catholic Church

4) Sree Mahadevar Temple

5) Chengara Service Co-operative Society, Ltd no : 3137.

6) G.C.S LP School, Chengara.

7) Chengara Pravasi Association

8) Chengara Post Office

9) Olive Mart Super Market

## Tribal Agitations 
The village is frequently mentioned in the media due to a land struggle, popularly known as **"Chengara Samaram"**, which is led by **Laha Gopalan**. The Sadu Jana Vimochana Samara Vedi (SJVSV) agitation began with hundreds of Vedi workers encroaching upon the Kumbazha Estate of Harrison Malayalam Limited at Chengara on 4 August 2007, demanding five acres of land for farming and Rs.50,000 towards initial farming expenses to each landless family among them. They pitched tents on the occupied land and started tapping the rubber trees at the estate for livelihood. The Vedi leader claims that 200&nbsp;hectares of land at Chengara is under SJVSV occupation. Really the land struggle is not taking place in Chengara, but in **Harrisons Malayalam Estate more than 3&nbsp;km away**, which is popularly known as Chengara estate. So it got the name "Chengara Samaram". A fact is that it is taking place on the Athumpumkulam border of the Harrisons Malayalam Estate not in the border of Chengara.

## Related pages
* Bethel Marthoma Church
* Pathanamthitta
* Konni, India
* Kumbazha

## References
## Other websites
Chenneerkara

** Chenneerkara ** is a village in Pathanamthitta district in the state of Kerala, India. 

## Demographics
As of the 2011 India census, Chenneerkara had a population of 19124 people, with 8882 males, and 10242 females.

## Schools
*SNDP Higher Secondary School
*Shalom Public School
*Government ITI, Chenneerkara
*Kendriya Vidyalaya Chenneerkara
* Government Higher Secondary School, Thumpamon North
Govt UPS Erathumpamon

## Religious Centres
*St. Mary's Catholic Church
*Sree Narayana Giri Mahadeva Kshethram
*St, Thomas CSI Church
*Valiyatharayil Siva Kshethram
*Ebenezer Mar Thoma Church

## References
Riverton, Utah

**Riverton** is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. As of the 2020 census, 45,285 people live in Riverton.

## References
Polymorphic code

**Polymorphic code** is computer code that can change its form while still doing the same task. The program rewrites or modifies parts of its own code each time it runs. Even though the code looks different, the result of the program stays the same.

Polymorphic code is often used in computer security research and in some types of computer viruses. It can make programs harder to detect or analyze because the code is not always identical.

## Description 
Polymorphic code changes its internal structure but keeps the same behavior. This usually happens by using a special part of the program called a *mutation engine*. The mutation engine changes instructions, adds extra code, or encrypts parts of the program.

Because of this, each version of the program may look different to a computer security scanner even though it performs the same actions.

## How it works 
Many polymorphic programs use these techniques:

* **Encryption** – The main code is encrypted and decrypted when the program runs.
* **Instruction substitution** – Different instructions are used that do the same thing.
* **Garbage code insertion** – Extra instructions are added that do not affect the program.
* **Register renaming** – Different processor registers are used for the same operations.

These changes make the program appear different each time it is created or executed.

## Uses 
Polymorphic code has both legitimate and harmful uses.

### Security research 
Security researchers sometimes study polymorphic code to understand how malware hides from detection. This helps them design better security tools.

### Malware 
Some malware uses polymorphic code to avoid detection by antivirus software. Each new copy of the malware may look different, so simple signature-based scanners may not recognize it.

Because of this, many modern security systems use behavior analysis instead of only checking for known code patterns.

## Detection 
Detecting polymorphic code can be difficult. Security software often uses methods such as:

* behavioral analysis
* code emulation
* heuristic scanning

These methods look at what a program does instead of only how its code looks.

## History 
Polymorphic techniques became more widely known in the early 1990s when virus writers started using mutation engines to hide their programs. This led to the development of more advanced antivirus technologies.

Over time, computer security tools improved and began using more complex detection methods.

## See also 
* Computer virus
* Malware
* Antivirus software
* Code obfuscation

## References
Biliran

**Biliran** (; Waray-Waray: *Probinsya han Biliran*) is an island province of the Philippines. It is in the Eastern Visayas region. The capital is Naval.
Benguet

**Benguet** (; Ibaloi: *Probinsya ne Benguet*; ; ; ) is a province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. The capital is La Trinidad.
Whatcom County, Washington

**Whatcom County** is a county in Washington in the United States. The county seat is Bellingham. At the 2020 census, 226,847 people lived there.

## References
Batangas

**Batangas**, officially the **Province of Batangas** ( ), is a coastal province of the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Batangas.

## Major highways
* Cavite–Tagatay–Batangas Expressway
* South Luzon Expressway

## Adjacent provinces
* Cavite (north)
* Laguna (northeast)
* Quezon (east)
* Mindoro (south)

## Communities
### Metropolis
* Metro Batangas

### Cities
* Batangas City (metro capital)
* Calaca
* Lipa
* Santo Tomas
* Tanauan

### Municipalities
* Agoncillo
* Alitagtag
* Balayan
* Balete
* Bauan (metro)
* Calatagan
* Cuenca
* Ibaan
* Laurel
* Lemery
* Lian
* Lobo
* Mabini (metro)
* Malvar
* Mataasnakahoy
* Nasugbu
* Padre Garcia
* Rosario
* San Jose
* San Juan
* San Luis
* San Nicolas
* San Pascual
* Santa Teresita
* Taal
* Talisay
* Taysan
* Tingloy (metro)
* Tuy
List of British national symbols

**State symbols of the United Kingdom,** is a list of the National symbols of the United Kingdom. This includes its constituent countries (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland).

Each entry has its own set of unique Symbols respectively. British things which are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of Great Britain or British culture. Some are established, official symbols; for example, the Royal Arms of England, which has been codified in heraldry. Other symbols may not have official status, for one reason or another, but are likewise recognised at a National or International level.

## Symbols of England 
English trait consist of symbols to represent Anglican traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history. There are also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree etc...

## Symbols of Scotland 
Scottish trait includes symbols to represent Scottish and Celtic/Gaelic traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history. There are also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree etc...

## Symbols of Wales 
Welsh trait includes symbols to represent Welsh and Celtic traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history. There are also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree etc...

## References
Ray Hnatyshyn

**Ramon John Hnatyshyn** ( *Roman Hnatyshyn*)  QC(Can) QC(Sask) FRHSC(hon) (March 16, 1934 – December 18, 2002), known as **Ray Hnatyshyn**, was a Canadian politician who was the 24th Governor General of Canada. Before this, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada for over 14 years.

Hnatyshyn was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He was elected to the House of Commons for the first time in the 1974 federal election. He was part of the cabinet of two different Prime Ministers, Joe Clark and Brian Mulroney. He was replaced as Governor General in 1995 by Roméo LeBlanc.

Hnatyshyn died on December 18, 2002.

## References
## Other websites
* Website of the Governor General of Canada entry for Ramon Hnatyshyn
*
National symbols of India

The modern **Republic of India** (Hindi: ); has several official **National symbols** including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower, as well as several national heroes, etc. All the symbols were picked up at various times. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just 21 days before Independence, on the 24th of July in 1947. There are also several other patriotic symbols including the national mammal, bird, fruit, flower, tree, etc. These have all been selected carefully to project the image of to reflect Indian culture and beliefs and also the positive tributes often associated with Indian traditions respectively.

## Other Indian National and Official symbols
## Related pages
* National symbols of Bangladesh
* National symbols of Pakistan

## References
## Other websites
* The Government of India
* Top 23 National symbols of India in Hind 
* Ministry of Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs
Androscoggin County, Maine

**Androscoggin County** is a county in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 111,139. The county seat is Auburn.

## References
Université Laval

]]
**Université Laval** is a French-language public research university. It is in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It was created in 1852 by a royal charter by Queen Victoria.

The Séminaire de Québec was very important in setting the university up. They were the ones that funded the university and led it. This is why the name "Laval" comes from the Séminaire's founder, François de Laval.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sheila Copps

**Sheila Copps**  (born November 27, 1952) is a Canadian former politician. She was the deputy Prime Minister of Canada from 1993 to 1997. She was also a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada and a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in the Ontario Legislative Assembly. While Jean Chrétien was Prime Minister, she was a member of his cabinet.

Copps tried to become the leader of both the Ontario Liberal Party and the federal Liberal Party but she failed both times.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy

'''''A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy''''' is a 1982 American comedy movie directed by Woody Allen (who also stars) and based on the 1955 Ingmar Bergman's *Smiles of a Summer Night*. It stars Mia Farrow, José Ferrer, Julie Hagerty, Tony Roberts, Mary Steenburgen, Michael Higgins and distributed by Warner Bros. The movie was nominated for one Razzie in 1983.

## Other websites
*
Play It Again, Sam (movie)

***Play It Again, Sam*** is a 1972 American comedy movie directed by Herbert Ross and based on the 1969 play of the same name by Woody Allen (who also stars). It stars Diane Keaton, Tomy Roberts, Susan Anspach, Jerry Lacy, Jennifer Salt and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Hide in Plain Sight

***Hide in Plain Sight*** is a 1980 American drama movie directed by James Caan (who also starred) and based on the novel of the same name by Leslie Waller. It stars Jill Eikenberry, Robert Viharo, Kenneth McMillan, Danny Aiello, Danny Clennon, Beatrice Winde, Josef Sommer and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

## Other websites
*
The Front

***The Front*** is a 1976 American comedy drama movie directed by Martin Ritt and written by Walter Bernstein. It stars Woody Allen, Zero Mostel, Danny Aiello, Michael Murphy and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
*
Dan Croll

**Daniel Francis Croll** (born 18 July 1990) is an English singer-songwriter from Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire who is currently based in Liverpool, Merseyside.

## Personal life
Croll was born in the town of Newcastle-under-Lyme in the county of Staffordshire. At the age of 18, he moved to Liverpool to attend the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA). While attending the institute, he won the national *Songwriter of the Year* award from the Musicians' Benevolent Fund and was one of eight students picked to have a one-to-one with LIPA founder Paul McCartney.

## Music career
His debut single, *"From Nowhere"*, was released on 24 September 2012. He released his second single *"Compliment Your Soul"* in March 2013. This was followed up by the release of *"In/Out"* in July the same year. On 13 October 2013, Croll released the song *"Home"* on his own VEVO channel on YouTube. His song *"Compliment Your Soul"* was included in the soundtrack of *FIFA 14*, a football video game. As well as FIFA, a remix of *"From Nowhere"*, titled *"From Nowhere (Baardsen Remix)"*, was featured on the soundtrack of *Grand Theft Auto V*.

### Discography
The Long Goodbye (movie)

***The Long Goodbye*** is a 1973 American crime thriller movie directed by Robert Altman and based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Raymond Chandler. It stars Elliott Gould, Sterling Hayden, Nina Van Pallandt, Jim Bouton, Mark Rydell, Arnold Schwarzenegger and was distributed by United Artists.

## Other websites
*
Madeon

**Hugo Pierre Leclercq** (born 30 May 1994), better known by his stage name **Madeon**, is a French DJ and music producer from Nantes, Brittany who is currently based in Los Angeles, California, United States.

Leclercq initially came to widespread public attention through a video he uploaded to YouTube, "Pop Culture", where he performed a mash-up of 39 different popular songs in real-time using a Novation Launchpad. The video received millions of views in its first few days of release.

His first EP, *The City*, was released in 2012.

## Discography
* *Adventure* (2015)
**Good Faith* (2019)
Dire Dawa

**Dire Dawa** is one of two chartered cities in Ethiopia. The other chartered city is Addis Ababa, the capital. It is divided administratively into two woredas, the city proper and the non-urban woreda of Cisse.

It is on the Dechatu River. The western outskirts of the city are on the Gorro River.

The Dire Dawa University was created in 2006.

## Notable people from Dire Dawa
*Ali Birra
*Ato Hussein Ismail
*Luciano Violante

## References
Subdivisions of Ethiopia

Ethiopia is administratively divided into regional states and chartered cities, zones, *woreda* (districts) and *kebele* (wards).

## Regions and chartered cities
The 9 regional states or *kililoch* are based on ethnic territoriality:
*Afar
*Amhara
*Benishangul-Gumuz
*Gambela
*Harari
*Oromia
*Somali
*Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
*Tigray
Additionally there are two chartered cities:
*Addis Ababa
*Dire Dawa

## Zones
The 9 regions are further divided into 68 zones.

## Woreda
Woreda or districts are smaller subdivisions.

## Kebele
Kebele are municipalities. They are the smallest administrative division.
Stafford railway station

**Stafford railway station** is a mainline railway station that serves the market town of Stafford in Staffordshire, England. It is situated on the junction of the Trent Valley line branch of the West Coast Main Line and the Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line.

The station is the second busiest in Staffordshire, the busiest being Stoke-on-Trent.

## Services
### Northbound
* 1tph to Liverpool Lime Street (fast). Operated by Avanti West Coast.
* 1tph to Crewe only. Operated by London Northwestern Railway.
* 2tph to Liverpool Lime Street (semi-fast). Operated by London Northwestern Railway. 
* 2tph to Manchester Piccadilly. Operated by CrossCountry.
Other services which do not operate on a regular basis are also present at Stafford, including other Avanti West Coast services and Transport for Wales services.
### Southbound
* 2tph to Birmingham New Street (semi-fast). Operated by London Northwestern Railway
* 1tph to London Euston (semi-fast). Operated by London Northwestern Railway.
* 1tph to London Euston only. Operated by Avanti West Coast.
* 1tph to Bournemouth via  and . Operated by CrossCountry.
* 1tph to Bristol Temple Meads, with some trains continuing to  or . Operated by CrossCountry.
Gambela Region

**Gambela** is a region in Ethiopia. The capital city is also named Gambela.

It is between the Baro and Akobo River. Gambela National Park covers about 15% of the land.

The region is divided into:
* Anuak Zone
* Mezhenger Zone
* Nuer Zone
* Itang (woreda)

## References
Harari Region

**Harari** is a region in Ethiopia. The capital city is Harar. It is the homeland of the Harari people.

## Divisions
Unlike other regions in Ethiopia, Harari is not divided into zones. It is first divided into woredas and then kebeles.

The woredas are:
*Amir-Nur Woreda
*Abadir Woreda
*Shenkor Woreda
*Jin'Eala Woreda
*Aboker Woreda
*Hakim Woreda
*Sofi Woreda
*Erer Woreda
*Dire-Teyara Woreda

## References
Somali Region

The **Somali Regional State** is a region in Ethiopia. The capital city is Jijiga.

## Administrative zones
Like other Regions in Ethiopia, Somali Region is divided into eleven administrative zones and Six Special administrative zones:
* Sitti Zone 
* Faafan Zone
* Jarar zone 
* Nogob Zone 
* Erar Zone
* Doollo Zone
* qoraxay Zone
* Shabeelle Zone
* Afdheer Zone
* Libaan Zone

* Harawo Special Zone (special zone)
* Tog Wajaale Special Zone (special zone)
* Goday Special Zone (special zone)
* Gabri bax Special Zone (special zone)
* dhagaxbuur Special Zone (special zone)
* Dhawa Special Zone (special zone)

The zones are divided into districts.

## References
Hiram Johnson

**Hiram Warren Johnson** (September 2, 1866August 6, 1945) was an American progressive Republican politician.

He was the 23rd Governor of California from 1911 to 1917 and a United States Senator from 1917 to 1945. He was also Theodore Roosevelt's running mate in the 1912 presidential election on the Progressive (also known as the "Bull Moose") ticket.

Johnson unsuccessfully ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 1920 and 1924 and supported Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. 

Johnson supported many of the New Deal programs but came to oppose Roosevelt as his presidency grew longer. Johnson remained in the Senate until his death in 1945 from cerebral thrombosis.

## References
## Other websites
* Guide to the Hiram Johnson Papers at the Bancroft Library
*
Arthur Fry

**Arthur Fry** (born 19 August 1931) is a retired American inventor and scientist. He is known as the co-creator of the Post-it Note. In 2010, Art Fry was added into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## References
Fairmont, Minnesota

**Fairmont** is a city in and the county seat of  Martin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 10,487 at the 2020 census.

## References
Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region

'''Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region**  is a region in Ethiopia. It is also known as **SNNPR'''. The capital city is Awasa.

## Administrative zones
The following list of administrative zones and special woredas is based on information from the 2007 census.

*Bench Maji
*Arba-Minch
*Dawro 
*Gamo Gofa 
*Gedeo
*Gurage
*Hadiya
*Keffa 
*Keficho Shekicho
*Kembata Tembaro
*North Omo
*Sheka 
*Sidama 
*Silti
*South Omo
*Wolayita 

*Alaba (special woreda)
*Amaro (special woreda)
*Basketo (special woreda, formerly part of North Omo Zone)
*Burji (special woreda)
*Dirashe (special woreda)
*Konso (special woreda)
*Konta (special woreda, formerly part of North Omo Zone)
*Yem (special woreda)

## References
Joseph S. Pulver Sr.

**Joseph S. Pulver** Sr. (July 5, 1955 – April 24, 2020) was an American horror novelist, editor and poet. Pulver Sr. was born in Schenectady, New York. Pulver started his publishing career in the early 1990s. His works focused from Robert Wiene's *The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari* to H.P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos and Robert W. Chambers' "King in Yellow". His best known works were ''Nightmare's Disciple* and *The Orphan Palace''.

Pulver Sr. died at a German hospital of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on April 24, 2020 at the age of 64.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Jocelyn Barrow

**Dame Jocelyn Anita Barrow**  (15 April 1929 – 9 April 2020) was a British educator, community activist and politician. She was the Director for UK Development at Focus Consultancy Ltd. She was oppurtune to be the first black woman to be a governor of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and she was the founder and Deputy Chair of the Broadcasting Standards Council.

## References