open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Starships (song)

"**Starships**" is a song by American rapper Nicki Minaj.  It is from her second studio album, *Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded*. It is the tenth track on the album.  It was released on February 14, 2012.  The song has a pop rap sound similar to her previous single "Super Bass" and has elements of dance-pop and Eurodance.  Minaj co-wrote the song with Wayne Hector, Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, and its producer, RedOne, who is known for his work with Lady Gaga and Jennifer Lopez.

The song has been very successful worldwide, reaching the top ten in countries like the US, UK, Canada, and Australia.

## Charts
### Weekly charts 
### Year-end charts
### Decade-end charts
### Notes 
## References
Randy Weston

**Randy Weston** (April 6, 1926 – September 1, 2018) was an American jazz pianist and composer.

Weston's works were influenced by Duke Ellington and Thelonious Monk. Weston worked often with trombonist and arranger Melba Liston.

Weston died on September 1, 2018 in New York City of heart disease at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
* Randy Weston official site
* "Randy Weston: Hi-Fly, Little Niles and Africa (From The Archives)", *JazzProfiles*, October 7, 2013
* "Profile: Randy Weston" by Arnold Jay Smith
* Randy Weston video interview at underyourskin 
* Black History Special: Jazz Legend Randy Weston on His Life and Celebration of "African Rhythms", *Democracy Now!*, February 20, 2012
* Transcript of conversation with Randy Weston, National Endowment for the Arts.
* "Randy Weston: A Giant of Jazz, a Giant of a Man", *Huffington Post*, December 2, 2015.
Renée Fleming

**Renée Lynn Fleming** (born February 14, 1959) is an American opera singer and soprano.  

Fleming is known for having a full lyric soprano voice. She has sung *chansons*, jazz and indie rock.  

Her best known roles include Countess Almaviva in Mozart's *Le nozze di Figaro*, Desdemona in Verdi's *Otello*, Violetta in Verdi's *La traviata*, the title role in Dvořák's *Rusalka*, the title role in Massenet's *Manon*, the title role in Massenet's *Thaïs*, the title role in Richard Strauss's *Arabella*, the Marschallin in *Der Rosenkavalier*, and the Countess in *Capriccio*.

## References
Horn Hill, Alabama

**Horn Hill** is a town in Covington County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 207.

## References
Hurtsboro, Alabama

**Hurtsboro** is a town of Russell County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. At the 2020 census the population was 349. It was founded in 1857.

## References
Gambia River

]]
The **Gambia River** (formerly known as the **River Gambra**) is a major river in West Africa. It is about   long. It runs from the Fouta Djallon plateau in north Guinea westward through Senegal and the Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul.  It is navigable for about half that length.

## Geography 
The river is strongly associated with The Gambia, the smallest country in mainland Africa, which consists of little more than the downstream half of the river and its two banks.

From the Fouta Djallon, the river runs northwest into the Tambacounda Region of Senegal, where it flows through the Parc National du Niokolo Koba, then is joined by the Nieri Ko and Koulountou before entering the Gambia at Fatoto. At this point the river runs generally west, but in a meandering course with a number of oxbows, and about 100km from its mouth it gradually widens, to over 10km wide where it meets the sea.

Near the mouth of the river, near Juffure, is Kunta Kinteh Island, a place used in the slave trade which is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The aquatic fauna in the Gambia River basin is closely associated with that of the Senegal River basin, and the two are usually combined under a single ecoregion known as the Senegal-Gambia Catchments. Although the species richness is moderately high, only three species of frogs and one fish are endemic to this ecoregion.

Oysters are harvested from the River Gambia and used to make oyster stew, a traditional dish in the cuisine of Gambia.

The river is an important trade route. Ocean-going vessels can use it for , to the settlement of Kuntaur. Smaller ships can reach the settlement Fatoto, which is  from its mouth. 

## References
Moody, Alabama

**Moody** is a city in Alabama in the United States. At the 2020 census, it had about 13,170 people living there.

## References
Springville, Alabama

**Springville** is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 4,786. The city started on December 1880.

## References
Mooresville, Alabama

**Mooresville** is a town of Limestone County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is located southeast of the intersection of Interstate 565 and Interstate 65, and north of Wheeler Lake.

The town is between Huntsville and Decatur, and is part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area; its population as of the 2020 census is 47.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Town website
*Mooresville: A Town of Charm & History
Jemison, Alabama

**Jemison** is a city in Chilton County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,642.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Jemison official website
* History of the City of Jemison
Pommiers

**Pommiers** is the name of several communes in France:

* Pommiers, Aisne, in the Aisne department
* Pommiers, Gard, in the Gard department
* Pommiers, Indre, in the Indre department
* Pommiers, Loire, in the Loire department
* Pommiers, Rhône, in the Rhône department
* Pommiers-la-Placette, in the Isère department
* Pommiers-Moulons, in the Charente-Maritime department
* Pommier, in the Pas-de-Calais department
* Pommier-de-Beaurepaire, in the Isère department
Gordon Phillips

**Gordon David Phillips** (17 November 1946 – 3 September 2018) was an English professional football goalkeeper and coach. He made over 200 appearances in the Football League for Brentford.

Phillips also played for Hayes from 1961 to 1963 and for Hillingdon Borough from 1973 to 1978. He was born in Uxbridge, London.

Phillips died on 3 September 2018 from cancer, aged 71.

## Career statistics
## Honours 
**Brentford**
* Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion: 1971–72

**Individual**
* Brentford Hall of Fame

## References
Katyna Ranieri

**Caterina Ranieri** (31 August 1925 – 3 September 2018), known professionally as **Katyna Ranieri**, was an Italian actress and singer. She was born in Follonica, Italy. She had her first hit in 1954 at the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Una canzone da due soldi". 

She was the widow of the Italian film composer Riz Ortolani. She starred in *Goodbye Uncle Tom*.

Ranieri died on 3 September 2018 in Pesaro, Italy from heart failure at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Katyna Ranieri Official website
*
Richard Viguerie

**Richard Art Viguerie** (born September 23, 1933) is an American conservative figure, pioneer of political direct mail and writer on politics. He is the current chairman of ConservativeHQ.com.

## References
## Other websites
* ConservativeHQ.com Web Site
* 
* 
** *Booknotes* interview with Viguerie on ''America's Right Turn: How Conservatives Used New and Alternative Media to Take Power'', September 5, 2004.
Pasadena, Texas

**Pasadena**  is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the city's population is  151,950, making it the 20th most populous city in the state of Texas.

The area was founded in 1893 by John H. Burnett of Galveston, who named the area after Pasadena, California.

## References
Meghana Lokesh

**Meghana Lokesh** (born 16 August 1994) is an Indian actress. She has worked on Telugu and Kannada television shows including *Sasirekha Parinayam* and *Purushottama*. She is currently acting in *Kalyana Vaibhogam* and *Kalyanam Kamaneeyam* on Zee Telugu. She also appeared in movie named *Idhi Maa Prema Katha* opposite Telugu Anchor Ravi.

## Early life
Meghana Lokesh was born on 16 August 1994 in Mysore, Karnataka, India. Her father is an engineer and her mother is a Kannada language teacher. She has one older brother named Nitin Lokesh, who is also an engineer.

Meghana started acting in theatre when she was just 8 years old. She acted in more than 270 stage plays. She learned acting under a well-known theatre director named Mandya Ramesh.

As a child, Meghana wanted to become a chemistry lecturer. But later, she chose acting as her career.

She first appeared on Kannada television in a supporting role in the show Devi. Later, she played lead roles in shows like Pavitra Bandhana and Purushottama.   

## Filmography 
### Television 
* *Devi(2012) (Kannada Debut Serial)*
**Pavitra Bandhan(2013)*
* *Purushottama (2013)*
* *Sasirekha Parinayam* (2013-16)
## Other websites
* 

## References
Leslie Jones (comedian)

**Annette Jones** (born September 7, 1967), better known as **Leslie Jones**, is an American comedian and actress. She is a cast member and writer on *Saturday Night Live*. 

Jones starred in the movie *Ghostbusters* (2016) as Patty Tolan. In 2017 and 2018, Jones was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her work on *Saturday Night Live*.

## References
Danny Huston

**Daniel Sallis Huston** (born May 14, 1962) is an American actor, writer, and director.

He starred in *Birth*, Martin Scorsese’s *The Aviator*, *The Constant Gardener*, Sofia Coppola’s *Marie Antoinette*, Peter Berg’s *The Kingdom*, Ridley Scott’s *Robin Hood* and Sacha Gervasi's *Hitchcock*.

Huston starred in the thriller series *American Horror Story*, portraying The Axeman in *American Horror Story: Coven* and Massimo Dolcefino in *American Horror Story: Freak Show*. He also starred as General Erich Ludendorff in the 2017 movie *Wonder Woman*.

## References
Nevada, Missouri

**Nevada** ( *nə--də*; pronounced differently than the state) is a city and a county seat of Vernon County, Missouri, United States.  Founded in 2010 by Sam Klumpp lll. After a fierce battle at Taco Bell also known as The Battle of Bull Runs, Klumpp managed to secure the victory over his own bowels. The population was 8,212 at the 2020 census. All hail King Kellanburger. 

## References
Dumbo (2019 movie)

***Dumbo*** is an American fantasy adventure movie. It was directed by Tim Burton. It was inspired by Walt Disney's 1941 animated movie also called *Dumbo*. It stars Colin Farrell, Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Eva Green, Alan Arkin and Roshan Seth.

The movie was released in the United States and United Kingdom on March 29, 2019. It was released in Real D 3D and IMAX 3D.

## References
Augustus Loftus

**Lord Augustus William Frederick Spencer Loftus**,  (4 October 1817 – 7 March 1904) was a British diplomat and colonial administrator. He was Ambassador to Prussia from 1865 to 1868, to the North German Confederation from 1868 to 1871 and to the Russian Empire from 1871 to 1879 and Governor of New South Wales from 1879 to 1885.

## References
Jon Polito

**Jon Raymond Polito** (December 29, 1950 – September 1, 2016) was an American actor. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His best known works were as Detective Steve Crosetti in the first two seasons of *Homicide: Life on the Street* and as Phil Bartoli on the first season of *Crime Story*. 

Polito starred as *The Rocketeer*, *The Crow* and *Gangster Squad*, as well as his work with the Coen brothers. He appeared in five of their movies, including ''Miller's Crossing*, *Barton Fink* and *The Big Lebowski''. 

Polito last appeared as Enrico Banducci in a large supporting role in Tim Burton's 2014 movie *Big Eyes*.

Polito died from multiple myeloma on September 1, 2016 in Duarte, California, aged 65.

## References
Eileen Fulton

**Eileen Fulton** (September 13, 1933 &ndash; July 14, 2025) was an American actress. She was known for her television role as Lisa Grimaldi on the CBS soap opera *As the World Turns*, which she would star from May 18, 1960 until the show's ending on September 17, 2010.

Fulton died on July 14, 2025 at her home in Asheville, North Carolina from heart failure at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Interview with Eileen Fulton for the Archive of American Television
Royal Rumble (2001)

**Royal Rumble (2001)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on January 21, 2001, at the New Orleans Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was the 14th Royal Rumble event held by the WWF.

## Background 
As is the case every year since the event's beginning, the event's main event was the 30-man over-the-top-rope battle royal, also known as the Royal Rumble match. The match started with two wrestlers and a new one was added every 90 seconds. To eliminate an opposing wrestler he must be thrown over the top rope and have *both* his two feet hit the floor, this continued until there was only one man left, who was named the winner. The winner received a match for the WWF Championship at WrestleMania X-Seven.

## Results
### Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations
 – **Winner**

## References
Tropical Storm Gordon (2018)

**Tropical Storm Gordon** was a tropical cyclone in early September 2018. The storm developed on September 1, 2018. 

Gordon crossed over southern Florida near Key Largo and Miami on September 3, 2018. The storm went into the Gulf of Mexico later that day.

Tropical storm and hurricane warnings were put in effect from southeast Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle.

Gordon was expected to become a hurricane before moving onto the United States Gulf Coast.

## References
Ken Harrelson

**Kenneth Smith Harrelson** (born September 4, 1941), nicknamed "**The Hawk**", is an American All-Star first baseman and outfielder in Major League Baseball. He serves as a television broadcast announcer for the Chicago White Sox. He played for the Kansas City Athletics, Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox and the Cleveland Indians.

Harrelson was born in Woodruff, South Carolina, but raised in Savannah, Georgia. He studied at the University of Kentucky.

## References
## Other websites
*profile and chronology *Baseball Library* 
*Full list of catch phrases
*Retrosheet 
*SABR BioProject 
*Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
Woodruff, South Carolina

**Woodruff** is a city in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 4,212 at the 2020 census.

## References
Thomas Sowell

**Thomas Sowell** (; born June 30, 1930) is an American economist and social theorist. He is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

Sowell worked at Cornell University and University of California, Los Angeles. He has also worked for think tanks such as the Urban Institute. 

Since 1980, he has worked at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. He writes from a libertarian conservative perspective. He is a National Humanities Medal recipient for innovative scholarship which incorporated history, economics and political science.

## References
## Other websites
* Thomas Sowell's home page
* Thomas Sowell Features at Creators Syndicate
* Column archive at Townhall.com 
* Archive of Articles  by Thomas Sowell at JewishWorldReview.com
* 
*
Hinterkaifeck murders

**Hinterkaifeck** was a small farmstead near the Bavarian towns of Ingolstadt and Schrobenhausen. It was about  north of Munich. On the evening of 31 March 1922, the six people who lived in the farm were killed. The murders remain unsolved.

The six victims were parents Andreas Gruber (63) and Cäzilia (72); their widowed daughter Viktoria Gabriel (35); Viktoria's children, Cäzilia (7) and Josef (2); and the maid, Maria Baumgartner (44).

Hinterkaifeck was never an official place name. The name was used for the remote farmstead of the hamlet of Kaifeck, located nearly  north of the main part of Kaifeck and hidden in the woods (the prefix *Hinter*, part of many German place names, means *behind*), part of the town of Wangen, which was incorporated into Waidhofen in 1971.

## Other websites
*Interviews, pictures, maps and theories  (German)
*Two new films about Hinterkaifeck (English)
Tamam Shud case

The **Tamam Shud case**, also known as the **Mystery of the Somerton Man**, is an unsolved case of an unidentified man found dead at 6:30&nbsp;am, 1 December 1948, on Somerton beach, Glenelg, just south of Adelaide, South Australia.

It is named after the Persian phrase *tamám shud*, meaning "ended" or "finished", printed on a scrap of paper found months later in the fob pocket of the man's trousers. 

The scrap had been torn from the final page of a copy of *Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam*, authored by 12th-century poet Omar Khayyám. *Tamam* was misspelt as *Taman* in many early reports and this error.

Jessica Thomson living in nearby Glenelg was questioned in connection with the case, her phone number was found in the book. Shortly afterwards, she gave birth to a boy with the same rare ear trait as the unidentified man.

On 26 July 2022, a professor Derek Abbott with genealogist Colleen M. Fitzpatrick, claimed to have identified the man as Carl "Charles" Webb, born in 1905, based on  DNA of the man's hair. South Australia Police and Forensic Science South Australia have not verified the result, but said they were "cautiously optimistic" about it.
## Notes
## References
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft

On March 18, 1990, 13 paintings worth for a total of $500 million were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. In the early hours, guards admitted two men posing as police officers responding to a disturbance call.

Once inside, the thieves tied up the guards and over the next hour committed the largest-value recorded theft of private property in history. Despite efforts by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and multiple probes around the world, no arrests have been made and no works have been recovered.

The museum initially offered a reward of $5 million for information leading to the art's recovery, but in 2017 this was temporarily doubled to $10 million, with an expiration date set to the end of the year. This was extended into 2018 following helpful tips from the public.

## References
Isdal Woman

The **Isdal Woman** ( 1926–1934 (most likely  1930) 23–29 November 1970), was the placeholder name of a unidentified woman who was either murdered or committed suicide. Her combusted body was discovered on 29 November 1970, at the base of a cliff in a wooded valley area in Isdalen, Bergen, Norway, by a man walking with his two (2) young daughters. Despite the fact that the woman had died recently (between a few hours and six days), it was difficult to make out her facial features and her clothing due to the upper half of her body and also clothing being combusted. Her identity remains an unsolved mystery and the case remains as one of the profound Cold War mysteries in Norwegian history. 

Prior to her death and discovery, according to eyewitnesses who saw her, she was a intelligent traveller, who often stayed at hotels during her travel, and also she was a polyglot, who could speak Flemish, German, and English. She was first seen and known on 1 February 1970, when she arrived from Geneva, and last seen alive on 23 November, when she left a hotel and entered a taxi automobile. An eyewitness claimed to see a woman, who resembled her, on 24 November. According to his description, the woman was in the company of the two men wearing black suits, and look frightened. When she opened her mouth, presumably to speak or call out for help, she quickly closed it. The woman is still currently unidentified, and her identity remains an unsolved mystery. Despite the causes of her death being known, there are still many theories as to why and how exactly she died and also to who she really was.

## References
Claire Wineland

**Claire Wineland** (April 10, 1997&nbsp;– September 2, 2018) was an American health activist, entrepreneur and author. She was known for her non-profit organization "Claire’s Place Foundation". She worked to support and organize people with terminal and chronic illness and their families.

She was also the author of the book *Every Breath I Take, Surviving and Thriving with Cystic Fibrosis* and a TEDx speaker.

Wineland died, aged 21, on September 2, 2018 from a stroke at a San Diego, California hospital, one week after having a lung transplant.

## References
Disappearance of Bobby Dunbar

**Bobby Dunbar** was an American boy whose disappearance at the age of four and apparent return was widely reported in newspapers across the United States in 1912 and 1913. 

In August 1912, the Dunbars took a fishing trip to nearby Swayze Lake in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana.  On that trip, Bobby Dunbar disappeared, on August 23.

After an eight-month nationwide search, investigators believed that they had found the child in Mississippi, in the hands of William Cantwell Walters of North Carolina. 

Dunbar's parents claimed the boy as their missing son. However, both Walters and a woman named Julia Anderson said that the boy with him was Anderson's son. Julia Anderson could not afford a lawyer, and the court eventually sided for the Dunbars. Percy and Lessie Dunbar retained custody of the child, who spent the rest of his life as Bobby Dunbar.

In 2004, DNA test found that the boy found with Walters and "returned" to the Dunbars as Bobby had not been a blood relative of the Dunbar family. Since the DNA testing is conclusive, the fate of the actual Bobby Dunbar remains unsolved.

## References
Geoffrey Owens

**Geoffrey Louis Owens** (born March 18, 1961) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Elvin Tibideaux on *The Cosby Show* (1985–1992).

In 2017, Owens played an Assistant Dean on the FOX drama series *Lucifer*.

In September 2018, a customer at a Trader Joe's took a picture of Owens, who worked the cash register. The publication of the photos has been characterized as "job shaming".

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Geoffrey Owens  at Internet Off-Broadway Database
Thomas Bangalter

**Thomas Bangalter** (born 3 January 1975) is a French musician, half of the duo Daft Punk, together with Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, in the sub-genre known as French House (Filter House/Tekfunk).
Los Gatos, California

**Los Gatos** (meaning "The Cats" in Spanish) is an incorporated town in Santa Clara County, California, United States. It is in the San Francisco Bay Area, about 70 miles south of San Francisco. It is on the edge of Silicon Valley.

## History
The town's founding dates to the mid-1850s with the building of a flour-milling operation, Forbes Mill, by James Alexander Forbes along Los Gatos Creek, then called Jones's Creek. The mill's two-story stone storage annex still stands.

The town grew rapidly in the 1960s. As of 2020, it has 33,529 inhabitants. California State Route 17 runs through the town from south to north. 

Mission Oaks Hospital is the biggest employer, with 2,000 staff. Netflix is an online movie rental service headquartered in Los Gatos.

## References
San Ramon, California

**San Ramon** is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located 34 miles east of San Francisco, and within the San Ramon Valley. San Ramon's population was as 84,605 at the 2020 census, making it the 4th largest city in Contra Costa County, after Concord, Richmond, and Antioch.

It shares borders with Danville to the north and Dublin to the south.

## References
Gwoyeu Romatzyh

**Gwoyeu Romatzyh** (pinyin: *Guóyǔ luómǎzì*, literally "National Language Romanization"), abbreviated **GR**, is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese, or a way to write Mandarin using the Roman alphabet, made by Yuen Ren Chao and some other linguists in the late 1920s. It was made as a way to write Mandarin using tonal spelling, or spelling rules that would change the syllable's spelling depending on its tone. For example, the syllable *chai* would be written as *chai* if it has the first Mandarin tone (or *chāi* in Pinyin), *chair* if it has the second tone (*chái*)*, chae* if it has the third tone (*chǎi*)*,* or *chay* if it has the fourth tone (chài). Chao created GR in order to increase literacy because China's illiteracy was very high in the early 20th century. He had tones written without extra tone markers, which could take a long time and be difficult to add in printing. 

Even though many other Asian languages use tonal spelling, like Hmong, they all represent tones by using the same letter each time the tone is used. In Hmong, for example, *-b* is always a high tone, -s is always a low tone, and *-j* is always high-falling tone. In GR, however, each syllable final has its own spelling rules, and many exceptions exist within those rules. For example, first tone words with the final *-a* as in *bā* are written with just one vowel like *ba* except when the syllable begins with an *l-, m-, n-,* or *r-*, where it must be written as *lha, mha, nha,* and *rha* respectively. That is only one of its many rules and exceptions. 

Unsurprisingly, many people thought GR was too difficult to learn. Nonetheless, it still has many supporters, who would rather learn using GR than pinyin. While supporters of GR claim that it helps users remember tones better than those who use only pinyin, studies have not supported that claim. As a matter of fact, one study showed that after one year, the subjects who learned Chinese using Pinyin could more accurately speak Mandarin with tones than those who learned using GR. 

After the Communist Party took over China, it tried to replaced all romanizations of Chinese, including GR, with pinyin. While GR is not an official romanization in Taiwan, it can be seen in several places, including road signs, people's names, and the names of products even though Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization of Taiwan. 

Even though almost all romanizations in Mainland China are now in pinyin, there are still exceptions. For example, the name of the Shaanxi province is written in GR rather than in Pinyin, which would be Shǎnxī with tone markers, because there is already another province, Shanxi, which is written as Shānxī with tones. If the pinyin names were to be written without tone markers, which they often are in ordinary pinyin, they should both be spelled Shanxi and so they would be impossible to tell apart. Therefore, an exception has been made in this case. 

Below are examples of sentences written in Chinese characters, GR, and pinyin with English translations. 

## References
Operation Eagle Claw

**Operation Eagle Claw**, known as **Operation Tabas** () in Iran, was a United States Armed Forces operation ordered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter to try to end the Iran hostage crisis by rescuing 52 embassy staff held captive at the Embassy of the United States, Tehran on 24 April 1980. 

Its failure damaged U.S. prestige worldwide. Carter himself blamed his loss in the 1980 U.S. presidential election mainly on his failure to win the release of the hostages.

## References
Duarte, California

**Duarte** () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 21,727.

Duarte is located at .

## References
Royal Rumble (1997)

**Royal Rumble (1997)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now known as WWE). It took place on January 19, 1997, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. It was the tenth Royal Rumble event held by the WWF. 

## Background 
As is the case every year since the event's beginning, the event featured the 30-man over-the-top-rope battle royal, also known as the Royal Rumble match. The match started with two wrestlers and a new one was added every 90 seconds. To eliminate an opposing wrestler he must be thrown over the top rope and have *both* his two feet hit the floor, this continued until there was only one man left, who was named the winner. The winner received a match for the WWF Championship at WrestleMania 13. The match was won by Stone Cold Steve Austin. The main event saw Shawn Michaels defeat Sycho Sid to win his second WWF Championship.

The event also featured wrestlers from the WWF's partner promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide, which would later be purchased by WWE in 2025.

## Results
### Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations
 – Represented Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) 

 – **Winner**

## References
Jacqueline Pearce

**Jacqueline Pearce** (20 December 1943 – 3 September 2018) was a British movie and television actress. She was best known as the villain Servalan in the British science fiction TV series ''Blake's 7*. She also starred in *Doctor Who'' as Chessene, a bloodthirsty alien.

Pearce was diagnosed with lung cancer in May 2018 and died shortly after at her home in Lancashire on 3 September 2018, aged 74.

## References
Royal Rumble (1995)

**Royal Rumble (1995)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on on January 22, 1995, at the USF Sun Dome in Tampa, Florida. It was the eighth Royal Rumble event held by the WWF.

## Background 
As is the case every year since the event's beginning, the event's main event was the 30-man over-the-top-rope battle royal, also known as the Royal Rumble match. The match started with two wrestlers and a new one was added every 90 seconds. To eliminate an opposing wrestler he must be thrown over the top rope and have *both* his two feet hit the floor, this continued until there was only one man left, who was named the winner. The winner received a match for the WWF Championship at WrestleMania XI. The match was won by Shawn Michaels, who became the first man to win the match from the number one position.

## Results
### WWF Tag Team Championship Tournament bracket
### Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations
A new entrant came out approximately every minute.

 – **Winner**

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Paul Koech

**Paul Koech** (25 June 1969 – 4 September 2018) was a Kenyan distance and marathon runner. He was known for his competition at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1998 and finished in first place. He was also a regular competitor in the IAAF World Cross Country Championships with several top-5 positions.

Koech died on 4 September 2018 at a hospital in Nairobi from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 49.

## References
Marijan Beneš

**Marijan Beneš** (; 11 June 1951 – 4 September 2018) was a Yugoslav-Bosnian boxer. He was born in Belgrade. He was thought of as one of the best in Yugoslav history.

After an amateur career, he won the gold medal in European Amateur Boxing Championships in Belgrade, he turned professional in 1977, and won the European Boxing Union title in the light welterweight in 1979. Beneš retired from the ring in 1983, after a severe eye injury.

Beneš died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 4 September 2018, aged 67.

## References
Gloria Jean

**Gloria Jean** (April 14, 1926 &ndash; August 31, 2018) was an American actress and singer. She starred or co-starred in 26 feature movies between 1939 and 1959. Her best known roles were in *The Under-Pup*, *Pardon My Rhythm*, and *Manhattan Angel*.

Jean died of heart failure in Mountain View, Hawaii on August 31, 2018 at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Gloria Jean Sings: tribute website with clips
Mountain View, Hawaii

**Mountain View** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States located in the District of Puna. The population was 4,215 at the 2020 census. 

## References
Anita Lindman

**Anita Lindman** (née Lamm; 14 May 1932 &ndash; 31 August 2018) was a Swedish television announcer and producer. She was known for the children's program *Anita och Televinken*, which she both produced and announced for. She was a daughter of Uno Lamm and Ingalill Beckman. 

Lindman died in Norrtälje on 31 August 2018, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*Anita Lindman at Swedish Film Database
*Anita Lindman at LIBRIS
*Anita Lindman  at Svensk mediedatabas
Moira Yip

**Moira Yip** is a British-American linguist. She earned her PhD in Linguistics in 1980 from MIT. She retired in 2009 from University College London (UCL). She had been Professor of Linguistics there. At UCL she also was co-director of the Centre for Human Communication. She was also Pro-Provost for China. Before joining UCL, she was Professor of Linguistics and Acting Dean at the University of California-Irvine (1992-1999) and Associate Professor at Brandeis University (1982-1992).

Moira Yip worked on theory of phonology (ideas about how sound is important in language). She was especially interested in phonology of Chinese. Her dissertation on the *Tonal phonology of Chinese* was published in the *Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics* series (Routledge). In 2002 she published the first modern textbook on tone in the Cambridge University Press linguistics textbook series.

She is married to business academic, George Yip.

## Important publications 
* Yip, Moira J. 1980. The tonal phonology of Chinese. PhD dissertation, MIT.
* Yip, Moira. 1988. The Obligatory Contour Principle and Phonological Rules: a Loss of Identity. *Linguistic Inquiry*, 19 (1), 65-100.
* Yip, Moira. 1989. Contour tones. *Phonology*, 6(1), 149-174.
* Yip, Moira. 2002. *Tone*. Cambridge University Press.

## References
Hyperaccumulator

A **hyperaccumulator** is a plant that can grow in soils with very high concentrations of metals. Many different plants do this in several different plant families.

The advantage of hyperaccumulation of metals may be that the toxic levels of heavy metals in leaves deter herbivores (defence against herbivory).

Several gene families are involved in hyperaccumulation including absorbing and storing heavy metals.

## References 
## Related pages 
*Plant physiology
Subroutine

In computer programming, a **subroutine** (also called procedure, function, or method) is code that is grouped together to do specific tasks. The purpose is to perform a series of instructions to complete the task. Subroutines are smaller groups of a larger program, that can have many subroutines. They can be re-used by other programs and programmers, hence saving time and helping to be .

Subroutines are commonly paired with parameters, a type of variable used as input. After changes are made by the code, there will be a , that completes the task.
Presbyterian Church in Ireland

The **Presbyterian Church in Ireland** is the largest Presbyterian church in Ireland and the biggest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland. It has over 225,000 members, represented by over 500 congregations.

## References
SDP-Liberal Alliance

The **SDP–Liberal Alliance** was an electoral alliance between the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party in the United Kingdom. 

The alliance was established in 1981 and contested several elections at local, national and European level including the 1983 and 1987 general elections.  

In 1988, the SDP decided to join the Liberal Party ahead of that year's local elections under the name the Liberal and Social Democrats, which later became known as the Liberal Democrats.  

Small groups in both parties which opposed the merger continued their respective parties under the same names. The SDP was initially reconstituted under David Owen until that too was dissolved in 1990. The current SDP was formed the same year. The current Liberal Party was reconstituted under Michael Meadowcroft in 1989 but remains a minor party as several early members including Meadowcroft have since joined the Liberal Democrats.
Chris Stuckmann

in July 2015]]
**Christopher Stuckmann** (born April 15, 1988) is an American movie critic, movie director, producer, author, and YouTube star. As of September 2018, he has more than 1.3 million subscribers, and over 360 million total video views. In 2017, he directed, produced, edited, and wrote the short comedic horror movie *Auditorium 6* which earned him multiple awards.

## Filmography 
## Bibliography 
* ''The Film Buff's Bucket List: The 50 Movies of the 2000s to See Before You Die* (2016)
* *Anime Impact: The Movies and Shows that Changed the World of Japanese Animation'' (2018)

## Accolades 
## References 
## Other websites 
*  at IMDb
* Chris Stuckmann at Rotten Tomatoes
Johnny Gilbert

**John L. Gilbert III** (born July 13, 1928) is an American television personality and actor. He worked mainly on television game shows. He was a nightclub singer and entertainer before becoming an announced for television game shows. He is known for his work as the announcer and audience host for the syndicated version of the quiz show *Jeopardy!* since its revival in 1984.

In 2017 Gilbert was honored by the Guinness Book of World Records for having the longest career as a game show announcer for a single show, after 32 years with Jeopardy.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Johnny Gilbert's bio on the *Jeopardy!* website
*
Fear: Trump in the White House

***Fear: Trump in the White House*** is a book by American Watergate journalist Bob Woodward. The book explains the operations in the Trump White House and quotes important members of the administration including John F. Kelly as "hiding key information from the president in order that he doesn't make impulsive decisions". It also says United States Secretary of Defense James Mattis called the president a "fifth or fourth grader". 

On the 5th of September 2018, President Donald Trump called the book "a con on the public" and said that it had untrue information. White House Chief of Staff also released a statement saying "he is committed to the president".

## Reactions
When the book was leaked by the Washington Post, White House Chief of staff John F. Kelly released a statement saying he "never called the president an idiot".

## References
Rhetorical Triangle

The **Rhetorical Triangle** represents the three rhetorical appeals created by Aristotle. The Greek terms *pathos*, *logos*, and *ethos* compose the triangle. *Pathos* means appealing to emotions; *ethos* means appealing to ethics; *logos* means logic. The balance of these terms creates a powerful way to convey a message in any communication style.

## Examples of each Greek term
**Ethos:* "9 out of 10 professors at The University of New Hampshire recommend that students read this book for success in their college career." 
This is ethos because it refers to reputable sources.

**Pathos:* "If you do not donate to this charity, patients could go without necessary care to treat their illnesses." 
This is pathos because it appeals to emotions of readers. 

**Logos:* "75 percent of customers see results within the first two months of using this product." 
This is an example of logos because it offers statistics to support a claim.
Phi Tai Hong

**Phi Tai Hong** () is a ghost of Thai folklore. It is the vengeful and restless spirit of a person who suffered a violent or cruel death.

In Thai stories, Phi Tai Hong are very dangerous. They are angry and sad because they died too soon. They did not get to finish their lives or dreams.'''''' Their strong feelings turn them into ghosts that want revenge. It is believed that the ghost is most active in the first seven days after death. During this time, people are told to stay away from where the person died. Phi Tai Hong ghosts may try to kill others the same way they died. That is why they are some of the most feared ghosts in Thai culture.

## References
Business writing

**Business writing** is a form of professional communication that typically consists of memorandums, emails, letters, and other documents. Usually found within a work environment, business writing helps employees communicate efficiently. Business writing is also used for communication with outside sources such as other companies or customers. The goal of business writing is to clearly define to your audience what you are trying to portray.

Based on what kind of audience you are writing to, (boss, coworkers, customers, other companies) certain formats will be expected. Your audience also dictates the content of the document and its tone. In most cases, a professional tone is expected although in some instances, such as with coworkers a more casual tone can be used.

## References
Langston, Alabama

**Langston** is a town of Jackson County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 265.

## References
Vladimir Guerrero

in 2011.]]
**Vladimir Alvino Guerrero** (born February 9, 1975), nicknamed **Vlad**, **Vlady** and **Vlad the Impaler**, is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter. He played for the Montreal Expos (1996–2003), Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2004–09), Texas Rangers (2010), and Baltimore Orioles (2011).

Guerrero is considered one of the greatest batters of all time, and is widely regarded as the best "bad ball" batter of all time (the ability to hit pitches outside of the strike zone). He was well known for putting the ball into play, and particularly on the first pitch.  He had exceptional hands at the plate, and would bat without batting gloves.  Guerrero was able to hit for both power and average.  In the outfield, Guerrero was sometimes considered a defensive liability, prone to making errors, which resulted in him being a designated hitter in the last stage of his remarkable career, but he was also known to have a very powerful throwing arm that allowed him to make outfield assists on base runners.

Many baseball fans and critics believe Guerrero's career was overshadowed by those of other players due to playing for a small fan base in Montreal, and similarly, many believe that he deserved to win the 2000 National League Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award for his remarkable season, an award which instead was won by Barry Bonds.

Guerrero barely missed being elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame on the first ballot (first year of candidacy), but he was admitted in on the second ballot.

One of Guerrero's sons, Vladimir Guerrero Jr., plays in MLB.
Jalaluddin Haqqani

Mawlawi **Jalaluddin Haqqani** (1939 – 3 September 2018) was an Afghan militant. He was the founder and leader of the Haqqani network, a fighting group in guerilla warfare against US-led NATO forces.

By 2004, he was directing pro-Taliban militants to launch a holy war in Afghanistan. Within Pakistan, Jalaluddin had a relation with Pakistan but he did not act against the TTP. He was the most experienced Islamist leader in the region. Steve Coll, author of *Ghost Wars*, claims that Haqqani introduced suicide bombing in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region.

On 3 September 2018, the Taliban released a statement via Twitter saying that Haqqani died from a terminal illness in his late 70s.

## References
Villedieu

**Villedieu** is the name of several communes in France:
* Villedieu, Cantal, in the Cantal department
* Villedieu, Côte-d'Or, in the  Côte-d'Or department
* Villedieu, Vaucluse, in the Vaucluse department
* Villedieu-la-Blouère, in the Maine-et-Loire department
* Villedieu-le-Château, in the Loir-et-Cher department
* Villedieu-lès-Bailleul, in the Orne department
* Villedieu-les-Poêles, in the Manche department
* Villedieu-sur-Indre, in the Indre department
* Les Villedieu, in the Doubs department

Villedieu may also refer to:
* Marie-Catherine de Villedieu, a 17th-century French author.
Stockport, Iowa

**Stockport** is a city in Iowa in the United States. The population was 272 at the 2020 census.

## References
Christopher Lawford

**Christopher Kennedy "Chris" Lawford** (March 29, 1955 – September 4, 2018) was an American writer, actor, producer and political activist. He was a member of the 
Kennedy family. He was the son of actor Peter Lawford and Patricia Kennedy Lawford. Lawford was born in Santa Monica, California.

Lawford was known for his roles in *Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines*, *Thirteen Days*, and *General Hospital*.

Lawford died of a heart attack on the night of September 4, 2018 in Los Angeles at the age of 63.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Ayanna Pressley

**Ayanna Soyini Pressley** (born February 3, 1974) is an American politician. She is the member of the United States House of Representatives for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district since January 3, 2019. She defeated incumbent Mike Capuano in the primary election and running unopposed in the November 2018 general election.

She was an at-large member of the Boston City Council in Boston, Massachusetts. She was the first non-White person elected to the council.

Pressley was the 2018 Democratic nominee for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district, after beating incumbent Michael Capuano.

Pressley is member of "The Squad" along with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib. In 2020, Pressley endorsed Elizabeth Warren for president.

## References
## Other websites
*
Lydia Clarke

**Lydia Marie Clarke** (April 14, 1923 &ndash; September 3, 2018) was an American actress and photographer. In 1944, she married Academy Award-winning actor Charlton Heston. They had two children and would remain married until Heston's death in 2008. She starred in *The Atomic City*, *Bad for Each Other*, and in *Will Penny*.

She was born in Two Rivers, Wisconsin and died at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles on September 3, 2018, aged 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
Mike Capuano

**Michael Everett Capuano** (; born January 9, 1952) is an American politician. He served as the U.S. Representative for  until 2019. He is a Democrat.

Before being elected to Congress, he was as an Alderman and Mayor of Somerville, Massachusetts.

In 1998, Capuano won a crowded Democratic primary to replace Joseph Kennedy II in Congress and was re-elected nine times until 2018. In Congress, he was a strong liberal and member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. 

Capuano ran in the 2010 special election to fill the seat in the United States Senate made vacant by the death of Ted Kennedy, but lost the primary to Martha Coakley.  

In 2018, he was defeated by Ayanna Pressley in a House Democratic primary in an "upset result".

## References
Two Rivers, Wisconsin

**Two Rivers** is a city in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 11,271 at the 2020 census. It is known for having the first ice cream sundae created and sold. It is located along Lake Michigan.

## References
The Lion King (2019 movie)

***The Lion King*** is a 2019 American musical adventure comedy-drama movie written by Jeff Nathanson, and directed and produced by Jon Favreau. It is a remake of the 1994 animated movie of the same name and was produced by Walt Disney Pictures. 

The movie stars the voices of Chiwetel Ejiofor, John Oliver, Eric Andre, Florence Kasumba, Donald Glover, Beyoncé, James Earl Jones, Billy Eichner, Seth Rogen, John Kani,  Amy Sedaris and Alfre Woodard with Keegan-Michael Key.

Hans Zimmer composed the movie score. There is an original song by Elton John.

Much of the main cast signed on in early-2017. Filming of the movie began that summer at a movie studio in Los Angeles. The movie was released on July 19, 2019, the 25th anniversary of the animated classic.

Before inflation, it was one of the highest grossing animated movies yet made

## References
## Other websites
*
Ab McDonald

**Alvin Brian "Ab" McDonald** (February 18, 1936 – September 4, 2018) was a Canadian ice hockey forward. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings, Boston Bruins, Pittsburgh Penguins and St. Louis Blues.

McDonald died from cancer on September 4, 2018 in Winnipeg at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
The BFG (2016 movie)

***The BFG*** (titled onscreen as '''''Roald Dahl's The BFG''''') is a 2016 American fantasy adventure movie directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, written by Melissa Mathison and based on Roald Dahl’s 1982 novel of the same name. 

Starring;  Ruby Barnhill, Mark Rylance, Penelope Wilton

This is Spielberg's first movie for Walt Disney Pictures.

The movie was released in the United States in Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D on July 1, 2016.

The movie received positive reviews, but only made $183 million against its $140 million budget making it a box-office bomb.

## References
## Cast
* Ruby Barnhill as Sophie
* Mark Rylance as The BFG
* Rebecca Hall as Mary
* Bill Hader as Bloodbottler
* Jemaine Clement as Fleshlumpeater
* Penelope Wilton as The Queen
* Marilyn Norry as Matron
* Chris Shields as General #1
* Rafe Spall as Mr. Tibbs