open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
120 (number)

(or hecatonicosachoron) is a convex regular 4-polytope consisting of 120 dodecahedral cells]]
**120** is a natural number. It is before 121 and after 119. It reads as one hundred [and] twenty. 

## In mathematics 
### Subsets 
* It is also the fifteenth triangular number. It is also the sum of the first eight triangular numbers. This makes it a tetrahedral number. 120 is divisible by the first 5 triangular numbers and the first 4 tetrahedral numbers. It is the eighth hexagonal number.
* 120 is a highly composite number. It is also superior highly composite.
* 120 is superabundant and a colossally abundant number. 
* 120 is sparsely totient.
* 120 is the smallest number to appear six times in Pascal's triangle.
* 120 is a Harshad number in base 10.
* 120 is the largest known integer in Pierre de Fermat's modified Diophantine equation(1, 3, 8 and 120).

### Relations between numbers, equations and shapes 
* 120 is the factorial of 5.
* 120's adjacent numbers are 119 and 121. 120 is the first multiple of 6 (number) to not have an adjacent prime number.
* The sum of its factors (including one and itself) equal 360. 360 is three times 120.
* 120 is the sum a twin prime pair (59 + 61). It is also the sum of four prime numbers in a row (23 + 29 + 31 + 37). It is the sum of four powers of two in a row (8 + 16 + 32 + 64). Finally, it is the sum of four powers of 3 (3 + 9 + 27 + 81).
* 120 is divisible by the number of prime numbers below it(there are 30 prime numbers below 120). 
* The sum of Euler's totient function φ(*x*) of its first nineteen integers is 120.
* Each angles of a regular hexagon (one where all sides and all angles are equal) are all 120 degrees.

## In science 
* 120 is the atomic number of unbinilium.
* In electrical engineering, each line of the three-phase system is 120 degrees away from each other.

## In religion 
* The Temple building(in II Chronicles 3:4) is 120 cubits tall.
* Moses dies at age 120(Deut. 34:7). To wish for someone to have a long life, it is popular to say, "Live until 120" in the Jewish religion.
* The Queen of Sheba gave Solomon 120 talents of gold. (I Kings 10:10)
* King Darius put 120 princes in his kingdom. (Daniel 6:2)
* 120 shekels worth of gold spoons are offered to every tribal prince in Israel (Num. 7:86).
* In astrology, a trine is when two planets in a person's chart are 120 degrees away from each other. This gives the person good luck.

## References 
* Wells, D. *The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers* London: Penguin Group. (1987): 135
Deceived

***Deceived*** is a 1991 American psychological mystery thriller movie directed by Damian Harris and starring Goldie Hawn, John Heard, Robin Bartlett, Ashley Peldon, Beatrice Straight, Tom Irwin, Amy Wright, Kate Reid, Jan Harvey. It was distributed by Touchstone Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Sunkist (soft drink)

**Sunkist** (also marketed as **Sunkist Soda**) is a brand of mostly orange flavoured soft drinks that was created in 1979. Sunkist is a competitor of The Coca-Cola Company's Fanta brand and Keurig Dr Pepper's Orange Crush brand. 

## History
Sunkist was first licensed by Sunkist Growers to the General Cinema Corporation, the main bottler of Pepsi-Cola products. The soft drink was the idea of Mark Stevens, who foresaw the potential based on market research which indicated that, worldwide, orange was the third-best-selling soft drink flavor (largely due to Fanta). 

## Further reading
* 1984 Sunkist Ad featuring the "Good Vibrations" theme song, YouTube video "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74JyDmAu9Zw"  Retrieved on March 27, 2008.
* 1984-85 Sunkist Ad featuring the "Good Vibrations" theme song, YouTube video "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7lU6mi9Qmc"  Retrieved on May 12, 2008.
* Cadbury Schweppes purchases Canada Dry and Sunkist soft drinks from RJR (July 1986), New York Times (online) "https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DEED6153FF93BA35754C0A960948260" Retrieved on March 27, 2008.
* Sunkist Soda - History
* Sunkist Soda - Products
## References
Half-Life: Blue Shift

***Half-Life: Blue Shift*** is an expansion pack for the game *Half-Life*. It was made by Gearbox Software with Valve and published by Sierra Entertainment. *Blue Shift* was the second expansion for *Half-Life*, originally intended as part of a port of *Half-Life*. Although the port was cancelled, the Windows version was published as a standalone product in 2001 for Windows. It was published on Steam on August 24, 2005. The name is a pun on blue shift, a science term, and the fact that the player is on duty as a blue-wearing security guard. *Blue Shift* also includes a pack that upgrades the *Half-Life* models and textures.

## Plot 
As with Gearbox's previous expansion pack, *Opposing Force*, *Blue Shift* returns to the events of *Half-Life*, but portrays the story through the perspective of someone else. You play as security guard Barney Calhoun, hired by the Black Mesa Research Facility and helped Gordon get out of certain situations, who must fight his way to safety during an incident. *Barney Calhoun* later meets *Dr. Rosenberg* who leads the player to a older facility located under Black Mesa, in Which a Portal is located which helps Barney get to Xen and to the Surface to Escape in the Endgame.

## Characters 
### Barney Calhoun 
*Barney Calhoun* is the Protagonist of Half-Life: Blue Shift and the Main character who tries to escape through the resonance cascade and later reaches the surface with the help of *Dr. Rosenberg.*

### Dr. Rosenberg 
*Dr. Rosenberg* is a Scientist trapped in a storage crate, later freed by the player who assists Barney and leads him to a old facility Under Black Mesa to Help Himself, other scientists and Barney Teleport to the Surface.

## Reviews 
*Blue Shift* received both good and bad reviews. Many reviewers were critical of the short length and lack of new content, although the new graphics were praised.
Khunu Leima

**Khunu Leima** (/khoo-noo lei-ma) or **Khunureima** (/khoo-noo-rei-ma) is the goddess of pigeons and doves in Meitei mythology and religion. She is a sister of goddesses Nganu Leima and Shabi Leima. Legend says that all three sisters married the same mortal man.

## Etymology 
The Meitei female given name "Khunu Leima" (ꯈꯨꯅꯨ ꯂꯩꯃ) is made up of two component words. The two words are "Khunu" (ꯈꯨꯅꯨ) and "Leima" (ꯂꯩꯃ). In Meitei, "Khunu" (ꯈꯨꯅꯨ) means pigeon. The word "Leima" (ꯂꯩꯃ) is further made up of two component words, "Lei" (ꯂꯩ) and "Ma" (ꯃ). "Lei" (ꯂꯩ) means land or earth. "Ma" (ꯃ) means "mother". Literally, "Leima" (ꯂꯩꯃ) can be translated as "Land Mother" or "Mother Earth". But in general context, "Leima" (ꯂꯩꯃ) means a queen or a mistress or a lady. 
## Description 
Goddess Khunu Leima is described as the ruler of all the pigeons of the world. At any time, she could summon all the pigeons at any place she wishes. She is one of the daughters of God Salailen (alias Soraren).
## Related pages 
* Imoinu (Emoinu) - Meitei goddess of wealth
* Ireima (Ereima) - Meitei goddess of water 
* Leimarel (Leimalel) - Meitei goddess of earth
* Ngaleima - Meitei goddess of fish
* Panthoibi - Meitei goddess of civilization, love and warfare
* Phouoibi (Phouleima) - Meitei goddess of agricultural crops
* Thumleima - Meitei goddess of salt

## References 
## Bibliography 
* Glimpses of Manipuri Culture - Dr. Yumlembam Gopi Devi
* The History of Manipur: An early period - Wahengbam Ibohal Singh · 1986
## Other websites 
*
Addai II Giwargis

**Mar Addai II** (; born **Shlemun Giwargis** () (6 January 1948 – 11 February 2022) was an Iraqi Catholicos-Patriarch of the Ancient Church of the East. He lived in the Apostolic See of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Baghdad, Iraq.

On 11 February 2022, Addai II Giwargis died in Baghdad, Iraq at the age of 74.

## Notes
## References
Hugo Torres Jiménez

**Hugo Torres Jiménez** (25 April 1948 – 12 February 2022) was a Nicaraguan Sandinista guerrilla and military leader. He was a retired Brigadier General in the Nicaraguan Armed Forces. During the Sandinista National Liberation Front effort to overthrow the Somoza family regime. In June 2021 he was part of a wave of arrests of opposition figures by the Daniel Ortega administration. 

Torres Jiménez died while in prison on 12 February 2022, aged 73.

## References
Javier Gómara Granada

**Ignacio Javier Gómara Granada** (7 January 1927 &ndash; 12 February 2022) was a Spanish politician, lawyer and businessman. He was born in Etxarri-Aranatz, Spain. He was a member of the Congress of Deputies from 1982 until 1986. He was also President of the Navarrese Parliament from 1987 until 1991. He was a member of the Navarrese People's Union.

Gómara Granada died on 12 February 2022 in Pamplona, Spain at the age of 95.

## References
Zinaida Kiriyenko

**Zinaida Mikhailovna Kiriyenko** (; 9 July 1933 – 12 February 2022) was a Russian actress and singer. She was the Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1965) and People's Artist of the RSFSR (1977). She was known for her roles in the movies *And Quiet Flows the Don*, *Fate of a Man*, *Chronicle of Flaming Years*. Kiriyenko was born in Makhachkala, then-Soviet Union.

Kiriyenko died on 12 February 2022 in Moscow, Russia from a stroke caused by COVID-19 at the age of 88. She also had pancreatic cancer.

## References
William G. Batchelder

**William George Batchelder III** (December 19, 1942 – February 12, 2022) was an American politician. He was the 101st Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives from 2011 to 2014. He also represented the 69th District of the Ohio House of Representatives from 2007 to 2014, and was in the House from 1969 to 1998 before. He was a Republican. Batchelder was born in Medina, Ohio.

Batchelder died on February 12, 2022 in Cincinnati, Ohio at the age of 79.

## References
Grand Theft Auto 2

**Grand Theft Auto 2** is a video game made by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games, for Windows and PlayStation in 1999, and the Dreamcast and Game Boy in 2000. It is the sequel to Grand Theft Auto (1997), and the second installment of the Grand Theft Auto series. Set within a city known as "Anywhere City", the game is based on players taking the role of a criminal as they explore an open world, doing jobs for various crime mobs and having free rein to do whatever they wish to achieve their goal. The game's intro is unique for a title in the series, as it involved live-action scenes filmed by Rockstar Games.
Grand Theft Auto (video game)

***Grand Theft Auto*** is an action-adventure video game developed by DMA Design and published by BMG Interactive. It is the first title of the Grand Theft Auto series and was released in November 1997 for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, in December 1997 for the PlayStation and in October 1999 for the Game Boy Color. The game's narrative follows a criminal who climbs in status within the criminal underworld across three fictional cities, inspired by real-life locations. The gameplay is presented from a top-down perspective and takes place within an open-world environment in which the player is required to gather a certain number of points (ranging in the millions) to progress through the game's chapters. Said points are gathered by completing various missions throughout each city, although the player can gather the points through other means as well.

## References
Rahul Bajaj

**Rahul Bajaj** (10 June 1938 – 12 February 2022) was an Indian billionaire businessman and politician. He was the chairman emeritus of the Indian conglomerate Bajaj Group. From 2006 until 2010, Bajaj was a member of the Rajya Sabha. Bajaj was born in Kolkata, India. Bajaj was awarded the third-highest civilian award Padma Bhushan in 2001. His net worth was US$25 billion in July 2021.

## Early life and education 
Bajaj was born on 10 June 1938 to Kamalnayan Bajaj and Savitri Bajaj. He was the grandson of Jamnalal Bajaj, an Indian independence activist and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi. He studied at Harvard Business School in the United States. He also attended St. Stephen's College, Government Law College, Mumbai, and Cathedral and John Connon School.

## Career 
Bajaj took over the Bajaj Group in 1965. Over a career of more than five decades, he led the growth of the group’s main company, Bajaj Auto. During his leadership, the company’s turnover increased from ₹7.5 crore to ₹12,000 crore.

## Awards and recognition 
In 2001, Bajaj received the Padma Bhushan, India’s third-highest civilian honour.

## Death 
Bajaj died on 12 February 2022 at a hospital in Pune, India from pneumonia at the age of 83. He also had cancer and heart problems before his death.

## References
Grand Theft Auto Advance

***Grand Theft Auto Advance*** is a video game made by Digital Eclipse and published by Rockstar Games. The eighth title in the Grand Theft Auto series, it was released for the Game Boy Advance in 2004 (the same day Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas was released for the PlayStation 2).
Liemers

river entering the Netherlands near the hamlet of Spijk]]

**Liemers** or **De Liemers** (historically also known as *Lijmers*) is a region in the province of Gelderland, the Netherlands.

It lies in the very east of the country, near Germany. It is bordered by three rivers, namely southwest the Rhine, northwest the IJssel, northeast the Oude IJssel, and the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in the southeast. The northern and especially the eastern boundaries are rather vague. There is a grey area with the Achterhoek region, which stretches itself from these borders of the Liemers region. The hills of Montferland or Bergherbos in the municipality of Montferland are also considered as the eastern border.

The local dialect is called Liemers, which belongs to the Low Franconian languages.

## Municipalities 
These ten municipalities lie more or less in the Liemers region:
* Bronckhorst (a small part in the southwest)
* Doesburg (the southern part)
* Doetinchem (the western part)
* Duiven
* Montferland
* Oude IJsselstreek (the western part)
* Westervoort
* Zevenaar

## References 
* Plaatsengids.nl
Half-Life: Opposing Force

***Half-Life: Opposing Force*** is an expansion pack for the game *Half-Life*. The game was developed by Gearbox Software and Valve and published by Sierra Entertainment for Windows in 1999. *Opposing Force* was the first expansion for *Half-Life* and was announced in April 1999. Lead designer Randy Pitchford believed Gearbox was selected to develop *Opposing Force* because Valve, the creators of *Half-Life*, wanted to focus on their future games. The name is a pun on the scientific term “opposing force”.

## *Plot* 
*Opposing Force* returns to the same setting as *Half-Life*, but instead portrays the events from the perspective of a U.S. Marine, one of the enemy characters in the original game. The player character, Adrian Shephard, is sent in to neutralize the Black Mesa Research Facility when a incident causes it to be invaded by aliens, but quickly finds that the Marines are outnumbered by enemies. The game is notable for featuring an entirely new alien faction called Race X that is never seen anywhere else in the series, as well as new weapons and mechanics like commanding squads of marines and using night-vision instead of a flashlight.

## *Characters* 
### Adrian Shephard 
*Adrian Shephard* is the Protagonist and the Main Character in *Half-Life: Opposing Force* tasked with neutralizing Black Mesa after a resonance cascade, but now has to escape and team up with Other Employees after Adrian’s Designated helicopter Crashes.
Jennifer Toye

**Jennifer Gay Bishop** (16 December 1933 – 17 January 2022), known by her stage name **Jennifer Toye**, was a British operatic soprano. She was best known as the principal soprano of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in the 1950s and 1960s. She played Josephine in *H.M.S. Pinafore*, Mabel in *The Pirates of Penzance* and Yum-Yum in *The Mikado*. Toye was born in Holywell, Flintshire, North Wales.

Toye died on 17 January 2022 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
University of Aberdeen

The **University of Aberdeen** is a public research university in Aberdeen, Scotland. It was founded in 1495. It is Scotland's third-oldest university and the fifth-oldest in the English-speaking world. In 1860, the merger of King's College and Marischal College lead to the University as it exists today.

## References
Peter Neilson (politician born 1954)

**Peter Neilson** (12 July 1954 – 9 February 2022) was an English-born New Zealand businessman and politician. He was a Labour Party Member of Parliament in the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1981 until 1990. Neilson was a member of the Geoffrey Palmer-Mike Moore cabinet as Minister of Customs (1989–1990), Works and Revenue (1990). Neilson was born in Birmingham, England.

Neilson died on 9 February 2022 in Auckland, New Zealand at the age of 67.

## References
Dick Vitale

**Richard John Vitale** (; born June 9, 1939), also known as "**Dickie V**", is an American basketball coach and  sportscaster. He is known for his career as a college basketball broadcaster for ESPN. Vitale was born in Passaic, New Jersey. In 2008, he was honored into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame. From 1978 until 1979, he coached the Detroit Pistons.

Vitale was diagnosed with melanoma in August 2021. In July 2023, he announced that he had been diagnosed with laryngeal cancer and would undergo six weeks of radiation therapy.

## References
Half-Life: Decay

***Half-Life: Decay*** is a multiplayer expansion pack for *Half-Life*. Created by Gearbox Software and published by Sierra, *Decay* was released as part of the PlayStation 2 version of *Half-Life* in 2001. It is the third expansion pack for *Half-Life*, and like the other expansion packs, *Decay* returns to the setting and timeline of the original story and portrays the story from the perspective of a different set of protagonists: two female scientists working in the Black Mesa Research Facility. *Decay* is a cooperative multiplayer game, designed to be played by two people working together to pass through the game's levels.
Rebecca Enonchong

**Rebecca Enonchong** (born 14 July 1967) is an Anglophone Cameroonian technology businesswoman and the creator and CEO of AppsTech. She is best known for her work in promoting technology in Africa.

Ms Enonchong has received several awards from organisations such as the World Economic Forum. Forbes ranked her as one of the 10 tech founders to watch in Africa in 2014.
Maui Taylor

**Maui Ann Taylor** (born June 28, 1983) is Filipino actress, YouTuber, model and celebrity influencer. She was a member of Viva Hot Babes, an all-girls group created by Viva Entertainment in the 2000s. In 2015, she was the Second Batch of Lucky Stars in the Briefcase Number 16 in *Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal*.

## Family life 
Maui has been together with her partner, Anton Sabarre, for more than a decade now. They have two children together: Antoine and Mateo Sabarre.

## References
Indian Australians

**Indian Australians** (eww af) are Indians living in Australia. Indians are the fastest-growing ethnic group in Australia. Since 2017, India has been the largest source of immigrants to Australia. In 2016, 2.8% of Australians claimed Indian ancestry.

## Related pages
*Australia-India relations
*Bangladeshi Australians
*Hinduism in Australia
*Indian New Zealanders
*Indo-Fijians
*Indo-Fijian Australians
*Pakistani Australians
*Punjabi Australians
*Sikhism in Australia
*Sri Lankan Australians
Republic of Karelia

The **Republic of Karelia,** or **Karelia**, is a republic of Russia in Northern Europe. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District, and with area of , bordering Finland. The Republic of Karelia has around 650 thousand residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk. It used to be a part of the USSR and used to be with finland

## References
Lamniformes

The **Lamniformes** (, from Greek *lamna* "fish of prey") are an order of sharks. They are commonly known as **mackerel sharks**. The order include the Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), Basking shark (*Cetorhinus maximus*) and Shortfin mako shark (*Isurus paucus*) from example.

Extinct family include the Otodontidae and Cretoxyrhinidae. This family include the famous megatoothed shark *Carcharocles megalodon* of Neogene and the Ginsu shark (Cretoxyrhina mantelli) of Early and Late Cretaceous, with several others now extinct.

## References 
## Further reading
* Compagno, Leonard (2002) *Sharks of the World: Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks* Volume 2, FAO Species Catalogue, Rome. .
* 

## Other websites
* elasmo-research
Church Hill, Tennessee

**Church Hill** is a city in Hawkins County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,998 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kingsport&ndash;Bristol (TN)&ndash;Bristol (VA) Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a part of the Johnson City&ndash;Kingsport&ndash;Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area &ndash; commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. It is the largest city located in Hawkins County.

## History
The community was started as a trading post called Spencer's Mill and Patterson Mill in the late 18th century.  The city of Church Hill was incorporated in 1958.

## Notable people
* Lloyd Carr, former football coach for the University of Michigan was born in Church Hill, and lived there as a child.
* Blake Leeper, 2012 Gold Medal U.S. Paralympian competing in track and field
* James Alan Shelton, bluegrass guitarist

## References
1994 Algarve Cup

The **1994 Algarve Cup** was the inaugural edition of the Algarve Cup, an invitational women's association football tournament. It took place between 16 and 20 March 1994 in Portugal with Norway winning the event, defeating the US, 1-0 in the final game. Sweden ended up third defeating Denmark, 1-0, in the game for third prize.

## References
Scarthyla goinorum

The **Tarauaca snouted tree frog** or **Madre de Dios treefrog** (*Scarthyla goinorum*) is a frog that lives in the Amazon River Basin.  It lives in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Brazil.

## References
MAX Machine

The **Commodore MAX Machine**, also known as **Ultimax** in the United States and Canada and **VC-10** in Germany, is a home computer made by Commodore International. It came out in Japan in early 1982 as the Commodore 64's predecessor. Commodore may have wanted to sell it outside of Japan, as its name was in the Commodore 64 manual. It was first shown in Tokyo, and as Commodore VICKEY. It is rare, selling much less than the Commodore 64 and being discontinued in the same year.

## Hardware
Software came on ROM cartridges. It has a membrane keyboard, 2 KiB of RAM and 0.5 KiB of color RAM (1024 × 4 bits). A television is used as a display. The Commodore 64 has the same chipset, 6510 CPU and SID sound chip, and has a compatibility mode, which was often used for "freezer" cartridges, such as the Action Replay, to easily allow control of the running program. Tape drives (for storage) worked, but not disk drives, printers or modems due to not having the right serial and user ports.

## Business
It was going to cost about 200 USD. It had better graphics and sound, but Commodore's own VIC-20 was much more popular. It was costing about the same and with much more expandability and software titles. It also had a better keyboard.

## Related pages
* Commodore 64
* Commodore 64 Games System

## References
## Other websites
*
*[ftp://ftp.zimmers.net/pub/cbm/c64/html/ultimax.html The UltiMax machine (a.k.a. VIC-10)]
*The MAX Machine, the odd one out
Johann Joachim Quantz

**Johann Joachim Quantz** (30 January 1697 – 12 July 1773) was a German composer, flautist (somebody who plays the flute) and flute maker from the late Baroque period. He was Frederick the Great's flute teacher.

## Life
Quantz was born in Oberscheden, Electorate of Hanover. From 1708 to 1713, Quantz studied music with his uncle, Justus Quantz, a town musician in Merseburg. After his uncle died, he studied with the organist Friedrich Kiesewetter. In 1714, Quantz travelled to Pirna, a town near Dresden. He studied Vivaldi's violin concertos. 

In 1716 he joined the town band in Dresden. He studied counterpoint with Jan Dismas Zelenka in Vienna in 1717. In March 1718, he became an oboist (somebody who plays the oboe) in the Polish chapel of August II, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. Quantz could not become a better oboe player than other oboe players. So, he changed his instrument to the flute. He learned playing the flute with Pierre-Gabriel Buffardin for four months.

From 1724 to 1727, Quantz went on a trip around Europe. He met and studied with many musicians, including Francesco Gasparini in Rome, Alessandro Scarlatti in Naples, Michel Blavet in Paris, and George Frideric Handel in London. He returned to Dresden in July 1727. The trip made him famous around Europe.

In 1728, Quantz visitied Berlin. He met Crown Prince Frederick. He returned to Berlin two times a year to teach Prince Frederick the flute. When King August II died, Quantz stayed in Dresden until Prince Frederick became King of Prussia. Quantz moved to Berlin. He became a composer and flute player for King Frederick. Quantz did not write operas. Other composers in Frederick's court wrote operas.

## Music
Quantz did not publish a lot of his music during his life. He wrote concertos, trio sonatas, and other works for the flute.

## Writing
Quantz wrote *On Playing the Flute* in 1752. It explains how people played music and the flute in the baroque period. 

## References
Scarthyla vigilans

The **Maracaibo Basin tree frog** (*Scarthyla vigilans*) is a frog that lives in Venezuela, Colombia, Trinidad, and parts of the Caribbean.

## References
Phir Golmaal

***Phir Golmaal*** () is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language comedy movie written and directed by Rohit Shetty. It is the sequel to *Golmaal Again* and will be released in December 2023. It stars Ajay Devgn, Kareena Kapoor, Arshad Warsi, and Sharman Joshi. After the release of the "Aankh Marey" music video from Ranveer Singh and Sara Ali Khan's *Simmba*, speculations of a fifth installment of the Golmaal franchise further strengthened. In the video, the four main actors, including Arshad Warsi and Tusshar Kapoor, are seen at the end of the holding up their hands to denote the number "5." Also, after the release of the fourth installment, director Shetty got interested in the fifth part of the franchise. He said, after getting a right script there will definitely be another installment.

## Plot
When Gopal, Madhav, the Laxmans, Lucky, and their new friend, Vicky get accused of a murder, they try to solve the mystery of who really did the murder, but they keep on getting into trouble while solving it.

## Cast
* Ajay Devgn as Gopal "Gopu" Kumar Santoshi
* Kareena Kapoor as TBA
* Arshad Warsi as Madhav Singh Ghai
* Sharman Joshi as Laxman Prasad Santoshi
* Kunal Khemu as Laxman Singh Ghai
* Tushaar Kapoor as Lucky Singh Ghai
* TBA as Vicky

## References
The Marvels

***The Marvels*** is a 2023 American superhero movie. It is based on Marvel Comics. The movie features the characters Carol Danvers (Captain Marvel), Kamala Khan (Ms. Marvel), and Monica Rambeau. It was produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The movie is the sequel to *Captain Marvel* (2019) and the continuation of the Disney+ series *Ms. Marvel* (2022). It is the 31st movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). 

The movie was directed by Nia DaCosta. The screenplay was written by Megan McDonnell. It stars Brie Larson as Carol Danvers, Iman Vellani as Kamala Khan and Teyonah Parris as Monica Rambeau.

Marvel Studios said they were making a sequel to *Captain Marvel* in July 2019. They said that development began in January 2020 with Larson set to return. DaCosta was hired that August. Vellani and Parris were said to be cast in December. Filming began in mid-April 2021 in New Jersey. Principal photography began in August 2021. It took place at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire as well as in Tropea, Italy and Los Angeles.

*The Marvels* was released in the United States on November 10, 2023, as part of Phase Five of the MCU.

The Marvels was the final Marvel movie released on home video by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment before Disney switched it's home video business to Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

## Premise 
Following the events of *Ms. Marvel* (2022), Carol Danvers, Kamala Khan, and Monica Rambeau begin swapping places with each other every time they use their powers and must team-up to figure out why.

## Cast 
* Brie Larson as Carol Danvers / Captain Marvel:An Avenger and ex-U.S. Air Force fighter pilot whose DNA was altered during an accident, imbuing her with superhuman strength, energy projection, and flight.
* Iman Vellani as Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel: A teenage mutant from Jersey City who idolizes Danvers and wears a magical bangle that unlocked her ability to harness cosmic energy and create hard light constructs.
* Teyonah Parris as Monica Rambeau:An agent of S.W.O.R.D. with the ability to absorb energy. She is the daughter of Danvers' friend and fellow airman, Maria Rambeau, and looked up to Danvers as a child. Parris said *The Marvels* would further explore Rambeau beyond what was established in *WandaVision* (2021).
* Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury: The former director of S.H.I.E.L.D. who is working with the Skrulls in deep space.

Saagar Shaikh, Zenobia Shroff, and Mohan Kapur reprise their respective roles from *Ms. Marvel* (2022) as Khan's older brother Aamir, mother Muneeba, and father Yusuf. Zawe Ashton has been cast as a villain, and Park Seo-joon has been cast in an undisclosed role. The Flerken Goose, who resembles a cat, returns from the first movie.

## References
Triprion

***Triprion*** or **shovel-headed tree frogs** is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae.  They live in Mexico and Guatemala.  They live on the Pacific side of the mountains (west side), the Yucatán Peninsula, and Guatemala. These frogs hide in tree-holes and put their bony heads against the opening of the hole to close it.

## Species
Scientists say there are three species in this genus:
* *Triprion petasatus*  - Yucatán shovel-headed tree frog
* *Triprion spatulatus*  - Mexican shovel-headed tree frog
* *Triprion spinosus*  - Spiny-headed tree frog

## Other websites
* . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). *Triprion*. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: Apr 24, 2008).
*  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: *Triprion*. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: Apr 24, 2008).
*  taxon *Triprion* at http://www.eol.org.
*  Taxon *Triprion* at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: Apr 24, 2008).
*  Taxon *Triprion* at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Superabundant number

A **superabundant number** is a type of natural number. They were defined by Leonidas Alaoglu and Paul Erdős in 1944. 
## Definition
Any natural number *n* is called superabundant when a certain equation is true.

: \frac{\sigma(m)}{m} 

In this equation, *m* is every integer less than *n*. *σ* is the sum of every positive divisor of that number.

An example would be to use the number 9. For every number less than 8, the sigma is 1, 3, 4, 7, 6, 10, 8 and 16. (*σ*(*m*))/*m* is 16/9. (*σ*(n))/n is equal to 13/9. 13/9 is less than 16/9. This makes 9 not a superabundant number

The first few superabundant numbers are 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 120, ... .

## Properties 
Leonidas Alaoglu and Paul Erdős proved that if *n* is superabundant, then there is a *k* and *a*1, *a*2, ..., *a**k* such that

: n=\prod_{i=1}^k (p_i)^{a_i}

where *p*i is the *i*-th prime number, and

: a_1\geq a_2\geq\dotsb\geq a_k\geq 1.

Basically, they proved that if a number is superabundant, the exponent of a larger prime number is never bigger than a smaller prime number during prime decomposition(the process of a composite number become smaller prime numbers). All primes from 0 to p_k are also factors of *n*. The equation says that a superabundant number has to be an even integer. It also is a multiple of the *k*-th primorial p_k\#.

Superabundant numbers are like highly composite numbers. Not all superabundant numbers are highly composite numbers, though.

Alaoglu and Erdős observed that all superabundant numbers are also highly abundant. 

## References 
* .
* .
* .

## Other websites 
* MathWorld: Superabundant number
Grotte Mandrin

The **Grotte Mandrin** is a cave near Montélimar. It is near the small French town Malaverne, in the Drôme department. It is more like a shelter, that protects from the weather, and not really a cave. It is an archeological site: There are many well-preserved finds from the transition from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic. The oldest layer of finds is 120,000 years old.

It is named after the French folk hero Louis Mandrin. 

## Location 
The Abri is about  southeast of Malataverne town center. It is at the foot of an exposed limestone cliff at 245&nbsp;m height.  At the site, the valley is very narrow, only about . Important traffic routes pass through there: the A7, N7, D169 and the high-speed line LGV Méditerranée .

## Topography 
Today, the Grotte Mandrin has a depth of . At some point part of it collapsed. Today, large boulders on the slope below are still there. The covered area was originally much larger. There is an opening of about  facing north. At the front, the cave has a height of about . From the middle of the cave, it gets lower. At the back, the height is about  less. 

In 2013, a fence was built on the space in front of the case. In 2016, video surveillance was installed.

## History 
When he found traces Bronze Age settlements there in 1960, Gaston Etienne (1923-2010) recognized that the case was important for archaeology.

The oldest known evidence of anatomically-modern humans (homo sapiens) in Europe was found in the Batcho Kiro Cave in Bulgaria. This evidence is 45,820 to 43,650 years (Cal BP) old. In February 2022, it was announced that part of a tooth was found at the Mandrin Cave. It came from a layer of the Mandrin Cave under and over which Neanderthal remains have been recovered, but this "baby tooth" has been attributed to a child of Homo sapiens.  Articles in the Journals Science, as well as in Nature, said that the tooth was too badly damaged to be able to tell with certainty if it was from a Neanderthal, or a human. 

## Literature 
* Laure Metz, Ludovic Slmak, "La Grotte Mandrin, derniers Néandertaliens et premiers Hommes modernes en vallée du Rhône", *Archéologia*, n°555, June 2017, pp.20 à 29.
* Pascal Picq, *Le retour de Madame Néandertal : comment être sapiens ?*, Odile Jacob, 2015, p. 224 .
* Svante Pääbo, *Néandertal, à la recherche des génomes perdus*, Éditions LLL, 2015, p. 400 .

## References
Pholcidae

The **Pholcidae** is a family of spiders.

## Genera 
These are genera accepted by the World spider catalog.
* Aetana
* Anansus
* Anopsicus
* Pholcus 
* Holocneminus 
* Holocnemus
* Crossopriza 

## Behavior 
The spiders of this family vibrate to become invisible to the threat.

## References
Tate (TV series)

***Tate*** is an American western series that aired from June 8 to September 14, 1960 on NBC for 13 episodes and one season. It starred Daniel McLean and was created by Harry Julian Fink of Dirty Harry fame.

## Other websites
*
**Tate* opening credits on YouTube
Thomas Letsch

**Thomas Letsch** (born 26 August 1968) is a German football manager. He is the manager of VfL Bochum in the Bundesliga.

## Managerial career
### Early career
Letsch never played professional football. He started his coaching career at VfB Oberesslingen/Zell as playing coach. In July 2001  he became manager of Stuttgarter Kickers's second team until 2002, but was also a part of the first team staff until the end of the 2002–03 season. Then he moved to FC Union Heilbronn and was the manager for one season. From January 2005 until July 2007, he was the assistant manager of SSV Ulm 1846. From January 2008 to June 2009, he was the manager of SG Sonnenhof Großaspach.
### FC Red Bull Salzburg, FC Liefering
In July 2012 he went to Salzburg and  managed the under-16 team of FC Red Bull Salzburg. September 2012 he was also appointed as football director of academy. In the following season, he was promoted to first team assistant manager. In the time with the under-18s he was also the assistant coach for FC Red Bull Salzburg. In December 2015 after  Peter Zeidler was sacked, he was for two matches head coach of Salzburg. In the 2015–16 season he also managed the team of FC Red Bull Salzburg in the UEFA Youth League. In  June 2015 he became manager of FC Liefering in the Second League.
### FC Erzgebirge Aue
On 18 June 2017 Erzgebirge Aue named  Letsch as their new manager on a three-year contract. After three games  Aue sacked Letsch due to  poor form and results.
### FK Austria Wien
On 27 February 2018 he became manager  Austria Wien in the Austrian Bundesliga. He was sacked on 11 March 2019.
### Vitesse Arnhem
On 26 May 2020 he became the  new manager of Vitesse Arnhem. The club went on to secure  fourth place in the Eredivisie and reached the final of the Dutch Cup (which was lost 2–1 to AFC Ajax). They were qualified for the UEFA Europa Conference League.
### VfL Bochum 
In September 2022, he left Arnhem and moved to VfL Bochum.  He took over the team after the seventh matchday when they were in last place in the table with one point He led them to direct relegation with a 3-0 win against Bayer Leverkusen on the last matchday. He was fired in 2024.
### FC Red Bull Salzburg 
In December 2024 he became coach of FC Red Bull Salzburg again. He was already caretaker coach of Salzburg in 2015.

## References
Eyeliner

An **eyeliner** (sometimes written **eye liner**) is a type of makeup used for the eyes. It is applied around the contours of the eyes to create different aesthetic effects.

In the 20th and 21st century, the use of eye liner has also been associated with Goth and Punk fashion.

Eyeliner is usually sold in black, brown and blue colors, but it can come in other colors too, like green, pink, and yellow.

## History 
 women and men wearing kohl eye liner, from the tomb of Nakht in Thebes (15th century BC).]]
Eye liner was first used in Ancient India, Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia as a dark black line around the eyes. As early as 10,000 BC, Egyptians and Mesopotamians wore various cosmetics including eye liner not only for aesthetics but to protect the skin from the desert sun. Eye liner may also have been worn to protect the wearer from the evil eye. The characteristic of having heavily lined eyes has been frequently shown in ancient Egyptian art. They produced eye liner with a variety of materials, including copper ore and antimony. Ancient Egyptian kohl contained galena, which was imported from nearby regions in the Land of Punt, Coptos and Western Asia.

In the 1960s, liquid eye liner was used to create thick black and white lines around the eyes in the make-up fashion associated with designers like Mary Quant. The '60s and '70s also saw new fashion trends which made use of eyeliner, eyeshadow and mascara in new ways. As goth and punk fashion developed, they employed eyeliner for a dark and dramatic effect.

## Related pages 
* Eye makeup

## References
Tomás Osvaldo González Morales

**Tomás Osvaldo González Morales** (20 April 1935 – 12 February 2022) was a Chilean Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1963. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Punta Arenas, Chile from 1974 until his retirement in 2006.

González Morales died from COVID-19 on 12 February 2022 in Punta Arenas at the age of 86 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile.

## References
Francis Xavier Sudartanta Hadisumarta

**Francis Xavier Sudartanta Hadisumarta O. Carm.** (13 December 1932 – 12 February 2022) was an Indonesian Roman Catholic bishop. Hadisumarta was born in the Dutch East Indies. He became a priest in 1959. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malang, Indonesia, from 1973 to 1988 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Manokwari-Sorong, Indonesia, from 1988 until his resignation in 2003.

Sudartanta Hadisumarta died on 12 February 2022, at the age of 89.

## References
Atlantic Charter

The **Atlantic Charter** was a statement issued on 14 August 1941. It set out American and British goals for the world after the end of World War II.

## Related pages
* United Nations (UN)
* Allies of World War II
* Geneva Conventions
* European Union (EU)
* North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

## Further reading
### 1940s
* 

### 1990s
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

### 2000s
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

### 2010s
* 
* Jordan, Jonathan W. (2015), ''American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II'' (NAL/Caliber 2015).

## Other websites
* The Atlantic Charter
* Secret meetings seal US-Britain alliance, BBC
* The Atlantic Conference from the Avalon Project
* Letter from The Ambassador Patrick J. Hurley to the US Secretary of State Tehran, 14 April 1945. Describing meeting with Churchill, where Churchill vehemently states that the UK is in no way bound to the principles of the Atlantic Charter.
Frank Beckmann

**Frank Carl Beckmann** (November 3, 1949February 12, 2022) was an German-born American broadcaster and talk radio host. He worked as a radio personality on WJR in Detroit, Michigan. He also was the radio play-by-play announcer for University of Michigan football from 1981 to 2013.

On February 11, 2022 it was announced that Beckmann was in hospice care in Clarkston, Michigan. He died the next day from problems caused by vascular dementia, aged 72.

## References
Voiceless alveolar plosive

The **voiceless alveolar stop** is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is . The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "t" in *tear* and *tool*.

## Features 
## Examples 
## Notes
## References
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Óscar García

**Óscar García Junyent** (born 26 April 1973), player name **Óscar**, is a former Spanish professional footballer. He is now the manager of the Ligue 1 club Stade de Reims.
## Career
He was able to play as an attacking midfielder or a second striker. Most of his active career he spent with CF Barcelona, but played also for Espanyol (four years), Albacete, Lleida and Valencia (one apiece). In La Liga he played 169 matches and 31 goals over 12 seasons.
## International
He played  for Spain national under-23 football team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He scored twice for the quarter-finalists.

## Coaching career
### Maccabi Tel Aviv and England
In 2009 he became member of Johan Cruyff's coaching staff in the Catalonia national team. On 22 May 2012 he became head coach of Maccabi Tel Aviv FC.2013 Maccabi won the Israel championship. Garcia resigned from his post because of personal reasons.

2013 he became head coach of the Football League Championship team  Brighton & Hove Albion. He was November's Manager of the Month, with three wins and a draw. On 12 May 2014 the team was defeatet in the play-offs by Derby County. His offer of resignation was accepted by the club.

2014 García returned to Maccabi  but left on 26 August due to war. Then he was appointed head coach  at Watford. He was brought to hospital with minor chest pains on 15 September. Two weeks later he resigned as head coach.

### Red Bull Salzburg
 manager Franco Foda in May 2016]]
On 28 December 2015 Oscar followed Peter Zeidler as head coach of the Austrian Bundesliga team FC Red Bull Salzburg. During his time in Salzburg he won twice the double (Cup and Champion).

### Saint-Étienne
On 15 June 2017 he signed with AS Saint-Étienne.  In November after a 5–0 home loss against Olympique Lyonnais he left the club by mutual agreement.
### Olympiacos
2018 he became head coach of Olympiacos F.C. in Greece. His contract was dissolved on 3 April 2019. 

### Celta
In November 2019  he took over  RC Celta de Vigo in La Liga. On the last day of the season he could held the team in the first league. On 9 November 2020, after only one win in nine matches of the new campaign, García was sacked. 

### Reims
García returned to the French Ligue 1 in June 2021 as head coach of  Stade de Reims.

## Personal life
García's brothers, Roger and Genís were also footballers. 

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Player
#### Club
**Barcelona**
*La Liga: 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999
*Copa del Rey: 1997, 1998
*UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1997
*UEFA Super Cup: 1997

**Valencia**
*Supercopa de España: 1999

#### International
**Spain U-21**
*UEFA European Under-21 Championship runner-up: 1996; third place 1994

### Manager
**Maccabi Tel Aviv**
*Israeli Premier League: 2013

**Red Bull Salzburg**
*Austrian Football Bundesliga: 2016, 2017
*Austrian Cup: 2016, 2017

### Individual
*Football League Manager of the Month: November 2013

## Other websites
*
*FC Barcelona profile
*
## References
Jackie Robinson (basketball, born 1927)

**Robert Jackson Robinson** (April 26, 1927 – February 8, 2022), nicknamed "Jack" or "Jackie", was an American Baptist pastor, theologian and college basketball player. He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics, winning a gold medal. Robinson was born in Fort Worth, Texas.

Robinson died on February 8, 2022 in Augusta, Georgia at the age of 94.

## References
Osterville, Massachusetts

**Osterville** is one of seven villages within the town of Barnstable, Massachusetts, United States.

## Other websites
*Osterville Historical Museum 
*Armstrong-Kelley Park
*Hillside Cemetery
*Osterville Free Library
Eduardo Romero

**Eduardo Alejandro Romero** (17 July 1954 &ndash; 13 February 2022) was an Argentine professional golfer and politician. Romero was born in Córdoba, Argentina. He became a professional golfer in 1982. Romero first played on the European Tour in 1985 and was a full member from 1988 to 2005.

In 2005 he won his first senior title at the European Seniors Tour's Travis Perkins Senior Masters, and he won the Wentworth Senior Masters in both 2005 and 2006. He was Mayor of Villa Allende, Argentina between 2015 until his death.

Romero died on 13 February 2022 at his home in Villa Allende from problems caused by cancer at the age of 67.

## References
Voiceless alveolar trill

The **voiceless alveolar trill** differs from the voiced alveolar trill  in its phonation (whether or not the vocal chords are vibrating while pronouncing the sound). It is used in a few languages. In languages that also have the voiced alveolar trill, it can be a similar sound or an allophone (another way a certain sound can be pronounced).

In Proto-Indo-European, the sound *sr became a sound spelled , with the letter for  and the diacritic for , in Ancient Greek. This sound was probably a voiceless alveolar trill. It became the regular word-initial (meaning "at the start of a word") allophone of  in standard Attic Greek. This sound has disappeared in Modern Greek.

## Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar trill:

## Examples
;Alveolar

## Voiceless alveolar fricative trill
The **voiceless alveolar fricative trill** is not known to be a sound in any language, except maybe the East Sakhalin dialect of Nivkh. However, it is an allophone (another way of pronouncing a specific sound) in Czech.

### Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar fricative trill:

*Its manner of articulation (how the sound is pronounced) is fricative trill, which means it is a non-sibilant fricative and a trill pronounced at the same time.

### Examples
## Related pages
*Index of phonetics articles

## Notes
## References
* 
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*