open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Richard Griffiths

**Richard Thomas Griffiths**, OBE (31 July 1947 &ndash; 28 March 2013) was a British movie, stage, television, Actor and Voice actor. He appeared in many movies, plays, and television programs.

Griffiths is mostly known for his roles as Harry Potter's Uncle Vernon Dursley in the *Harry Potter* movie series, Uncle Monty in *Withnail and I*, Henry Crabbe in *Pie in the Sky*, and as King George II in *Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides*. He won a Laurence Olivier Award, a Drama Desk Award, and a Tony Award.

## Early life
Griffiths was born in Thornaby-on-Tees, North Riding of Yorkshire, England on 31 July 1947. He lived in Manchester, England during his early adulthood. He was raised as Roman Catholic. His parents were both deaf, and he learned sign language at an early age so that he could communicate with them.

During his childhood he tried to run away from home many times. He dropped out of Our Lady & St Bede School in Stockton-on-Tees at age 15. Griffiths was educated at Stockton & Billingham College and at Manchester School of Theatre.

## Career
Griffiths' movie roles were in: *Gorky Park* (1983), *Withnail and I* (1987), *King Ralph* (1991), *The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear* (1991), *Guarding Tess* (1994) and *Sleepy Hollow* (1999). Later, he played Harry Potter's cruel uncle Vernon Dursley in the *Harry Potter movie series* (''Sorcerer's Stone*, *Chamber of Secrets*, *Prisoner of Azkaban*, *Order of the Phoenix*, and *Deathly Hallows Part 1''.)

Griffiths appeared as King George II in 2011's *Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides*. He appeared in the first episode of the television series *Episodes* as Julian Bullard.

Griffiths once got a standing ovation after ejecting a female audience member from his *West End* play.

In April 2012, Griffiths starred, with Danny DeVito, in a revival of the Neil Simon play *The Sunshine Boys*. The show was played at the Savoy Theatre from 27 April 2012, opening on 17 May and playing a limited 12-week season until 28 July.

## Personal life
Griffiths was married to Heather Gibson from 1980 until his death in 2013. He had no children.

### Death
Griffiths died on 28 March 2013 during heart surgery in Coventry, West Midlands, England, aged 65. Many reactions were posted on Twitter after his death. Some were from Daniel Radcliffe, Warwick Davis, and Richard E. Grant. His funeral took place at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire on 9 April 2013, with over four hundred mourners, including Daniel Radcliffe, Alan Bennett, Michael Palin, Richard E. Grant, Jack Whitehall and Judi Dench.

## Honors
He was awarded an honorary degree from Teesside University in 2006 and was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours.

## References
## Other websites
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Saffron cod

The **saffron cod** *(Eleginus gracilis)*, is a type of fish.  They are closely related to true cods (genus *Gadus*). It is dark grey-green to brown, with spots on its sides and pale towards the belly. It may grow to 60 cm and weigh up to 1.3 kg.

It lives in the North Pacific, from off the Korean coasts until beyond Bering Straits, off the Alaskan coasts.  It normally is found in shallow coastal waters at less than 60 m depth.  It may also be found at depths up to 200 m. The saffron cod may also enter brackish and even fresh waters, occurring quite far up rivers and streams. 

Saffron cods begin to mature during their third year of life. They feed on fish and small crustaceans. They are commercially fished in many areas of the northwestern Pacific. The country with the largest catch is Russia.  It is used for human's to eat in the Russian Federation and Japan, fresh or frozen.

## References
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Ringed seal

The **ringed seal** (*Pusa hispida*), also known as the **jar seal** and as ***netsik*** or ***nattiq*** by the Inuit, is an earless seal.  They live in the Arctic and sub-Arctic areas.  The ringed seal is a small seal.  They are rarely greater than 1.5 m in length.  

They have a distinctive patterning of dark spots surrounded by light grey rings.  It is the most abundant and wide-ranging ice seal in the northern hemisphere.  The live throughout the Arctic Ocean, into the Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea as far south as the northern coast of Japan in the Pacific, and throughout the North Atlantic coasts of Greenland and Scandinavia as far south as Newfoundland, and include two freshwater subspecies in northern Europe.  Ringed seals are one of the main prey of polar bears.  They have long been a part of the diet of indigenous people of the Arctic.

## Description
The ringed seal is the smallest and most common seal in the Arctic.  They have a small head, short cat-like snout, and a plump body. Their coat is dark with silver rings on their back and sides with a silver belly. Depending on subspecies and condition, adult size can range from 100 to 175 cm (40-69 in) and weigh from 32 to 140 kg (70-308 lbs). The seal averages about 5&nbsp;ft (1.5 m) long with a weight of about 50–70&nbsp;kg (110-150&nbsp;lbs).  During the pupping season, arctic fox and glaucous gulls take ringed seal pups born outside lairs. Killer whales, Greenland sharks and occasionally Atlantic walruses prey upon them in the water.

## References
This article has public domain work of the United States Government from references.
Rambling Rose

***Rambling Rose*** is a 1991 American drama movie. The movie is set in Georgia during the Great Depression. It stars Laura Dern as the title character. Robert Duvall, Diane Ladd and Lukas Haas play the family she moves in with. It was released in September 1991 in the United States.

## Other websites 
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Re'em Ha'Cohen

Rabbi '''Re'em Ha'Cohen''' (, born in March 10, 1957) is an Israeli Rabbi. Ha'Cohen is the rosh yeshiva of Yeshivat Otniel (together with Rabbi Binyamin Kalmanzon). He is a well-known religious zionist. He is also the community rabbi of the town Otniel, which is in South Mount Hebron, in the occupied Palestinian territories.

Ha'Cohen grew up in Jerusalem. He is married to Noa and a father of 9 children.

Ha'Cohen holds that smoking is forbidden by the Jewish religion. He also believes that Jewish law says people should be organ donors.

## Works 
* *Badai Ha-aron*
* *Heelem veGilui*
* *Kol Damamah* and *LaRahok ve Karov*
* *Benai Neviim*
* *Reeh ve Yirah*
* *Derekh Shaar Elion*

## References
Anne Archer

**Anne Archer** (born August 25, 1947) is an American movie and television actress. She has been in many television programs and movies. She starred in the thrillers *Fatal Attraction*, *Body of Evidence*, *Patriot Games* and *Clear and Present Danger*.

## References
## Other websites
Forbes Kennedy

**Forbes Taylor Kennedy** (born August 18, 1935 in Dorchester, New Brunswick) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre that played a combined 12 seasons in the NHL. He played 1 season with the Chicago Black Hawks, 4 with the Detroit Red Wings, 2 with the Philadelphia Flyers, 4 with the Boston Bruins and 1 with the Toronto Maple Leafs. He set records for most penalties in a game (eight), most minutes (38), most penalties in a period (six) and most penalty minutes in a period (34).

During the 1969 Stanley Cup playoff opener between the Boston Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs, Bruins player Pat Quinn delivered a huge hit on Maple Leafs defenceman Bobby Orr which knocked Orr unconscious. Kennedy responded by taking part in four fights and punching a linesman after the last fight. He was fined $1,000 for punching the linesman. He was suspended for a long time and his time with the Maple Leafs ended. It was also the last game he played before he was forced to retire because he never recovered from knee surgery.

## References
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Dick Gamble

**Richard Frank "Dick" Gamble** (November 16, 1928 in Moncton, New Brunswick &ndash; March 22, 2018 in Pittsford, New York) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He played a combined 9 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played 6 seasons with the Montreal Canadiens, 1 season with the Chicago Black Hawks and 2 seasons with the Toronto Maple Leafs. Gamble won a Stanley Cup with the Canadiens in 1953.

Gamble also played in the American Hockey League with the Rochester Americans. During his time with the Americans, he won 3 Calder Cups and became a player-coach for the Americans in 1968–69. They retired his jersey number (#9). 

## References
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Yi Ryang

**Yi Ryang** (, 1519  1583) was a politician and philosopher during the Korean Joseon Dynasty.

Lee was a member of the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty. He was a descendant of Prince Hyoryeongs and uncle of Queen Insun, wife of Myeongjong of Joseon. In 1546 he passed to Saengwon and Chinsa exam and passed to Imperial examination in 1552.

## Works 
* *Yongsailgi* (龍蛇日記 용사일기)
* *Munsuji* (文殊志 문수지)
* *Saseonggangmok* (四姓綱目 사성강목)

## Other websites 
* Lee Lyang 
* Lee Lyang  
* Lee Lyang
Diane Ladd

**Diane Ladd** (born **Rose Diane Ladner**; November 29, 1935 &ndash; November 3, 2025) was an American movie and television actress. She was nominated for several major awards. She won a BAFTA Award in 1976 and a Golden Globe Award in 1980. Her best known roles were in ''Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore* (1974), *Chinatown* (1974), *Alice* (1980), *Wild at Heart* (1990), *Rambling Rose* (1991), *Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman* (1993), *Grace Under Fire* (1994) and *Touched by an Angel'' (1997). Her career began in 1956 and she retired in 2022.

Ladd was born in Laurel, Mississippi. She was married to actor Bruce Dern and she was the mother of actress Laura Dern. 

Ladd was supportive of Jesse Jackson's 1988 presidential campaign.

Ladd died at her home in Ojai, California on November 3, 2025 from respiratory failure caused by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, at the age of 89.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
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* Diane Ladd biography; revised August 10, 2024
Hiromi Ikeda

(former name; **Hiromi Isozaki**, 磯﨑 浩美) is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.

## Biography
Ikeda was born in Honjo on December 22, 1975. She joined Tasaki Perule FC in 1995. She was selected Best Young Player awards in 1995 season. She was also selected Best Eleven for 10 years in a row (1999-2008). However, the club was disbanded in 2008 due to financial strain. So, she retired end of 2008 season. She played 236 matches in Nadeshiko League.

On June 8, 1997, Ikeda debuted for the Japan national team against China. She was a member of Japan for 1999, 2003, 2007 World Cups, 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics. At 2004 Summer Olympics, she played as captain because captain Yumi Obe was reserve member. After 2004 Summer Olympics, she became Japan's captain until 2008 Summer Olympics. She played 119 games and scored 4 goals for Japan until 2008.

## Personal life
Ikeda got married and changed her name to **Hiromi Ikeda** (池田 浩美) from **Hiromi Isozaki** (磯﨑 浩美) in 2007.

## Statistics
## References
## Other websites
*
List of current United States governors

The following is a list of the current **governors of the states and territories of the United States**.  there were 27 Republicans and 23 Democrats holding the office of governor in the states. There are 4 Democrats and 1 Republican (one is also a member of the New Progressive Party) as governor of United States Territories and Mayor of the District of Columbia.

## State governors
In the table below, **Next Election** means the year the governor's term ends. The current term ends in January of the given year for every state except Alaska, Hawaii, and Kentucky, where the term ends in December of the year of election. When the table has (term limits) after the year it means that the current governor cannot seek re-election in that year.  If the table has (retiring) it means that the current governor has said they will not seek re-election at the end of the term or to run for another office.

The longest-serving incumbent U.S. governor is Greg Abbott of Texas, who took office on January 20, 2015. The most recently inaugurated governor is Mikie Sherrill of New Jersey, who took office on January 20, 2026. A total of 15 current governors previously served as lieutenant governor, while 13 previously served in the United States House of Representatives.

## Territory governors
## Federal district mayor 
## References
**Notes**

## Other websites
* National Governors Association
Gifu

is a city in the Chūbu region of Japan on the island of Honshu.  It is the capital city of Gifu Prefecture.

It has been  as a core city since 1996.

## References
## Other websites 
* http://www.city.gifu.lg.jp/c/19110106/19110106.html ; [http://www.city.gifu.lg.jp ]
BBC World News

**BBC World News ** is an international news television channel. Unlike other BBC channels, it is not available in the United Kingdom. It is not funded by a licence fee. Instead it has advertisements. BBC World News employs more correspondents and reporters than any other news channel. 

The channel was launched in 1991.

In March 2024, BBC World News became available as a channel on several free streaming services in the United States.

In June 2025, BBC News launched a new subscription service in the U.S. for unlimited access to articles and the livestream on its website and its mobile app beginning in January 2026.

## References
Papal name

]]
A **papal name** is a special name (regnal name) which is chosen by the pope when he is elected.  

## History
In the early church, popes were known by their ordinary names, such as Pope Adeodatus, Pope Formosus and Pope Hyginus.

## Frequency of names
The papal names have included John (23 times), Gregory (16), Clement (14), Innocent (14), Leo (14) and Pius (12). 

The first papal name to be repeated was Pope Sixtus. There have been four others.

As with kings and emperors, a Roman numeral is added if the Pope chooses a name that another pope has used before -- for example, Pope John Paul II decided to be known by the same name as the pope who came before him.
 

## Related pages
* Habemus Papam

## References 
 of the Holy See.]]

## Other websites
* Pope tells why he chose the name of "Benedict XVI"
Jason Priestley

**Jason Priestley** (born August 28, 1969) is a Canadian-American actor, producer and director who has acted in numerous television programs. He played Brandon Walsh in the television series *Beverly Hills, 90210*. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. He became an American citizen in 2007.

## Other websites 
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Yamagata

is a city in the Tōhoku region of Japan. It is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture. It is on the island of Honshu. It has been  as a special city since 2001.

The sightseeing spot of Yamagata are the peaks of the Zaou, Rissyaku Temple and Yamagata castle. This place is site of Hanagaza festival. This festival is held in August.

Yamagata is hot in summer and cold in winter.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* http://www.city.yamagata.yamagata.jp/
Kevin McNally

**Kevin McNally** (born 27 April 1956) mostly known as **Kevin R. McNally** is an English movie, television, stage, voice, and radio actor who is mostly known for his role as Joshamee Gibbs in all four of the Pirates of the Caribbean movies. McNally has also appeared in many movies such as; *Valkyrie*, *Scoop*, *Spice World*, *Johnny English* and *The Raven*. 

McNally was born in Bristol, England. McNally married Phyllis Logan in 2011. They have a son together.

McNally began his acting career at age 16 with the Birmingham Repertory Theatre. In 1973, he earned a scholarship to London's Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), where he won their top acting award in 1975.

## References
## Other websites
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Toyama (city)

is the capital city of Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

## History
In the pre-Meiji period, Toyama was a castle town and the capital of Etchū Province.

It has been  as a core city since 1996.

## Geography
### Surrounding municipalities
* Toyama Prefecture
** Funahashi
** Imizu
** Kamiichi
** Namerikawa
** Nanto
** Tateyama
** Tonami
* Gifu Prefecture
** Hida
** Takayama
* Nagano Prefecture
** Ōmachi

## Demography
According to Japanese census data,

## Shrines
Toyama has many shrines including Toyama Chukyoin and Toyama Gokoku Shrine.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Tony Jay

**Tony Jay** (2 February 1933 &ndash; 13 August 2006) was a British actor who is mostly known for his deep voice and for his voice roles in as Shere Khan in *The Jungle Book 2* and as Claude Frollo in *The Hunchback of Notre Dame*. Jay is also known for playing villain roles in voice and live-action movies.

Jay was born on 2 February 1933 in London, England, and was educated at the Pinner County Grammer School.  

Jay was married to Marta MacGeraghty from 1974 until his death in 2006. Jay died on 13 August 2006 in Cedars-Sinia Hospital in Los Angeles, California from complications of lung cancer after having surgery to remove the tumor, he was 73 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Special Springbok Radio Audio Tribute
Bob Holness

**Robert Wentworth John Holness** (November 12, 1928 – January 6, 2012) was a British radio and television presenter who is mostly known for hosting *Take a Letter*, *Blockbusters*, *Raise the Roof*, and *Call My Bluff*. Holness has also guest-starred in ''Ant and Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway*. He also played James Bond in a 1956 adaptation of the Ian Fleming Novel *Moonraker made for South African radio''.

Holness was born in Vryheid, Natal, South Africa on November 12, 1928 to British parents and was raised in Ashford, Kent. He was educated at Ashford Grammar School and at Maidstone College of Art.

Holness was married to Mary Holness until his death in 2012, they had 3 children. Holness lived in Pinner, London, England and would die there on January 6, 2012 from dementia, he was 83 years old.

## References
## Other websites
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Sakaiminato, Tottori

is a city in the Chūbu region of Japan on the island of Honshu.

## Gallery 

File:SakaiminatoCity.jpg|Aerial view of part of Sakaiminato

## References
## Other websites 
* Sakaiminato website 
* http://www.sakaiminato.net/foreign/en/ ;
Byblos

**Byblos** is the Greek name of the Phoenician city **Gebal** (; ; earlier **Gubla/Phoenician**:𐤂𐤁𐤋). It is said to be the oldest city in the world (according to the ancient historian Philo of Byblos).

## History Of Byblos 
Byblos is a city located in Lebanon. It is called Byblos by the Greeks. The word Byblos appears in the Bible under the name Gebal. Gebal means mountains. The Greeks took the name of Byblos as their word for books, and from their word for books named the bible.

## Interesting Places 
There are a lot interesting places in Byblos. The most important ones are Old Souk, Qartaba, Faraya, Abraham River, Jeita Grotto and Byblos Wax Museum. Old souk is a place where you find everything old and with a cheap price. Qartaba is a village in byblos, Qartaba means good, curing and balanced weather. In winter Faraya has a cold climate and snow, Faraya means "The land of fruits and vegetables". Abraham River is a small river also called Adonis, Adonis means "The God Of Love". Jeita Grotto is one of the most beautiful places to visit. Byblos Wax Museum is a wax museum that present historical people and everything old.

## Further reading 
''Je m'appelle Byblos'', Jean-Pierre Thiollet, H & D, 2005. 

## References
Carolyn Lawrence

**Carolyn Lawrence** (born February 13, 1967) is an American television and voice actress mostly known for her voice role as Sandy Cheeks in *SpongeBob SquarePants*, and Cindy Vortex in *The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius*. Lawrence was born in Baltimore, Maryland on February 13, 1967.

## Other websites
* 
*
Brave and Bold

***Brave and Bold*** is a boys' book written by Horatio Alger, Jr. It was serialized (published in parts) beginning on August 5, 1872 in the New York *Weekly*. Also published in the same issue was Alger's poem "Friar Anselmo". *Brave and Bold* was then published in book form by A. K. Loring of Boston in 1873. The story was serialized in *Reader*, an English magazine, in 1872, and was one of Alger's few stories to be so published.

Alger had lost some of his steam as the 1870s approached. He had made his literary name in exposing the horrors of life for street children in books such as *Ragged Dick* (1866).  As the years passed, the government had taken on these horrors, studies were being conducted, and the plight of street children was being relieved. As a result, Alger was left without a literary subject. Boys' tastes were changing. They knew everything they needed to know about street boys from Alger's many novels about the poor. They wanted cowboys and Indians. Alger's publisher and his editor urged him ramp up the excitement in his books. Alger agreed, but let it be known that his moralizing would remain at its usual high level.

*Brave and Bold* was the first in a new series of Alger novels published by Loring, and the first in which sex rears its head. Before *Brave and Bold*, the girls of the hero's age were sisters or simply prop figures. In this new book, Hester Paine, the lovely daughter of Millville's most prominent citizen and the reigning village belle, becomes a source of fascination and contention for "factory boy" hero Robert Rushton and his nemesis, the rich, snobbish, kid glove-wearing youth Halbert Davis.

*Brave and Bold* hit a new high in Alger's work, according Edwin Hoyt, but Hoyt describes the story as a "fiasco". Gary Scharnhorst describes it as "horrifying", and lists a shooting, a stabbing, and a suicide among the book's elements.

## Notes 
## References 
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Gord Fashoway

**Gordon "Gordie" Fashoway** (June 16, 1926 – May 1, 2012) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger that played 13 games for the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1950-51 NHL season. Fashoway also played in the Western Hockey League with the New Westminster Royals, Victoria Cougars, and Portland Buckaroos. He won the Fred J. Hume Cup in 1960 while playing with the Buckaroos. 

After Fashoway retired, he became the head coach of the Oakland Golden Seals in 1968. He coached the Golden Seals for one year before he decided to coach the Portland Buckaroos for five years. In the 1970–71 WHL season, the Buckaroos won their third WCHL championship when Fashoway was coaching them.

## Other websites 
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Cesar Romero

**Cesar Julio Romero Jr.** (February 15, 1907 &ndash; January 1, 1994) was an American actor and activist. He was in movies, radio works, and television programs for almost sixty years. His roles included playing lovers, historical people in costume dramas, characters in light comedies, and the Joker in the *Batman* 1966 TV series.

## Life
Romero was born on February 15, 1907 in New York City. He was raised in Bradley Beach, New Jersey. He never married. He was a homosexual. Romero died on January 1, 1994 in Santa Monica, California from complications of a pulmonary embolism caused by bronchopneumonia. He was 86 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
East Grand Forks, Minnesota

**East Grand Forks** is a city in Polk County, Minnesota in the United States. The population was 9,176 at the 2020 Census.

It is along the eastern bank of the Red River of the North.  It is directly across from the larger city of Grand Forks, North Dakota.

## References
Oświęcim

**Oświęcim** (German name: *Auschwitz*) is a town in the Lesser Poland province of southern Poland. It is  west of Kraków.

During World War II the Auschwitz concentration camp was situated near this town.

## Other websites
Dana Reeve

**Dana Reeve** (née **Morosini**; March 17, 1961 - March 6, 2006) was an American actress who starred in many television programs and movies. She was born in Teaneck, New Jersey. She was featured in the television soap opera *All My Children*. She was the widow of actor Christopher Reeve. Reeve died of lung cancer in March 2006 in New York City.

## Other websites
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Deep Roy

**Gurdeep Roy** (born 1 December 1957), sometimes credited as **Roy Deep**, **Gordeep Roy**, or just **Deep Roy**, is a Kenyan-born English movie and voice actor, stuntman and puppeteer.

He has appeared in 50 movies including  *Charlie and the Chocolate Factory*, *Big Fish*, *Planet of the Apes*, *Star Trek*, *Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen*, *Mafia!*, *How the Grinch Stole Christmas*, *Corpse Bride*, and in *Star Trek*. Roy is also known for his small-size.

Roy was born in Nairobi, Kenya on 1 December 1957.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
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Mr. Lawrence

**Douglas Lawrence Osowski** (born January 1, 1969), known professionally as "**Mr. Lawrence**", is an American voice actor, comedian, writer, storyboard artist, animator, and director. He is known for his voice roles such as Plankton, Larry the Lobster, and the Realistic Fish Head in *SpongeBob SquarePants*.

Lawrence was born in East Brunswick, New Jersey on January 1, 1969.

## Other websites
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Fachhochschule Mainz

**Mainz University of Applied Sciences** (German: *Hochschule Mainz*), is a Hochschule (university of applied sciences). It was founded in 1971.

## List of Schools
* Engineering
* Design
* Business 

## Other websites 
* Official Website
Māori people

The **Māori** are the indigenous people of New Zealand. They were the first people to live in the islands. 

The Polynesian ancestors of the Māori came to New Zealand between 800 and in 1300 they where called lakrises. There are many theories about where the Maori came from. They arrived from somewhere in tropical Polynesia, either from the Cook Islands or the Society Islands. There is also a widely-recognised theory that the Māori people originated from Vanuatu.

Before Europeans came to New Zealand, the Māori did not need a name for themselves as a people. After Europeans came to New Zealand, the indigenous people called themselves *Māori. Māori* means "normal" or "ordinary". They called other people, especially those who came from Britain, “Pākehā”, meaning "white person". Today, in New Zealand English "Pākehā" is often used as a name for New Zealand Europeans.

Today, over 700,000 Māori people live in New Zealand. They are an important part of the country's culture. This is why they have received special rights from the Government of New Zealand. Their native language, the Māori language, is an official language of the country along with English.

## Related pages
*Treaty of Waitangi
*Battle of Kororāreka

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Alex Clare

**Alexander George "Alex" Clare** (14 September 1985, London, England) is a British recording artist, musician and singer. His first album *The Lateness of the Hour* was put out in 2011. He adopted his stage identity, **Alex Clare** around 2010.

In 2014, Clare and Jim Duguid won Songwriter of the Year at the ASCAP Awards Night. This was for the song "Too Close".

## References
Tsu, Mie

is a city in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu.  It is the capital city of Mie Prefecture.

## History
Tsu originally developed as a castle town.

Tsu is known for its , which is an annual community gathering which honors the arrival of the ambassadors from Korea (*Joseon Tongsinsa*) during the Edo period. There are two other cities that celebrate Tōjin Odori: Suzuka city in Mie Prefecture and Ushimado-chō in Okayama Prefecture.

## References
## Other websites
* Tsu City website
Masters Home Improvement

**Masters Home Improvement** was the name of a series of hardware retail outlets in Australia. The chain was operated by both the Australian corporation, Woolworths Limited, and the United States-based hardware chain Lowe's. The first Masters Home Improvement store opened on 31 August 2011 to tradespeople and 1 September 2011 to the general public in Braybrook, a suburb in Melbourne. 

Masters was the main competitor of Bunnings Warehouse, which is another chain of hardware outlets operated by Wesfarmers. Masters Home Improvement stores however had many differences to Bunnings Warehouse stores, including McDonald's and McCafe outlets in some of their stores, push-buttons for customer assistance and whitegoods (refrigerators, dishwashers, washers and dryers) departments.
Fukuoka Art Museum

is a Japanese art museum in Fukuoka Prefecture

## Collection
The museum has a notable  of Asian art and it presents  temporary exhibitions. 

Since 2004, *The Madonna of Port Lligat* by Salvador Dalí has been on display at the Fukuoka Art Museum.

## Related pages
* Kyushu National Museum
* Dazaifu

## References 
## Other websites
* Fukuoka Art Museum website
Steven Franken

**Stephen Robert "Steven" Franken** (May 27, 1932 &ndash; August 24, 2012) mostly known as **Steve Franken** was an American movie, voice, stage, television actor, and comedian who is mostly known for his role as Chatsworth Osborne, Jr. in *The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis*. He was also in *The Lieutenant*. He played several different characters in *Bewitched*. Franken was also in the 1986 movie *The Party*. Franken was a second cousin of senator and actor Al Franken.

## References
## Other websites
*
Robert Hughes (critic)

**Robert Studley Forrest Hughes**, AO (28 July 1938 – 6 August 2012) was an Australian-born art critic, writer and maker of television documentaries.

## Early life
Hughes was born in Sydney, Australia in 1938. He had a brother, Tom, who is a politician. Hughes died on August 6, 2012 in The Bronx, New York, aged 74.

## Career
In 1970, he became the art critic for *Time* magazine.

## Honours
* Order of Australia, 1991

## Notes
List of ornamental aquatic plants in Venezuela

*]]
*]]
This is a list of ornamental aquatic plants commonly used in aquariums in Venezuela.

This listing is a partial list and sorted by families and genera in alphabetical form.

## Acanthaceae 
*]]
*]]
* *Hygrophila corymbosa* Lindau  
* *Hygrophila difformis* Blume, 1826
* *Echinodorus bolivianum* (Rusby) Lehtonen & Myllys. 
* *Echinodorus cordifolius* (L.) Griseb.
* *Echinodorus grisebachii* Smal.
* *Echinodorus subalatus* Grisebach, 1866  
* *Nymphaea caerulea*  ZUCC.
* *Ludwigia helmintorrhiza* (Mart.) Hara
* *Ludwigia inclinata* (L.f. ) Raven  
* *Ludwigia octovalvis* (Jacq.) Raven  
* *Ludwigia peploides* Raven(H.B.K.)   
* *Ludwigia repens* J.R. Forst, 1849
* *Ludwigia sedoides* ( H.& B.) Hara

## Parkeriaceae 
* *Ceratopteris thalictroides* Brogniart, 1821

## Plantaginaceae 
* *Bacopa caroliniana* B.L. Robins, 

## Polipodiácea 
* *Microsorum pteropus* Blume, 1933

## Saururaceae 
* *Saururus cernuus* Linnaeus

## Scrofulariaceae 
* *Bacopa Nonieri* Pennell, 1891

## References
## Other websites
* Aquatic-experts.com: Plantas de agua dulce  
* Planta de acuario: referencias
Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe

***Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe*** is an Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 fighting game released in 2008. It is a crossover video game where *Mortal Kombat* characters fight DC Comics ones. It has an arcade mode, story mode, and practice. Players can go online with opponents worldwide.
Mr. Freeze

**Mr. Freeze** (**Dr. Victor Fries**) is a Batman supervillain in comic books published by DC Comics. He first appeared in *Batman* #121 (February 1959) as the ice criminal **Mr. Zero**, but he was soon renamed "Mr. Freeze".

## Fictional character biography 
Dr. Victor Fries was a cryogenics expert in Gotham City who was caught in a laboratory accident while attempting to cure his terminally ill wife, Nora. The accident drastically lowered his body temperature to sub-zero levels, forcing him to wear a cryogenic suit in order to survive. 

*IGN*s list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as #67.

## Powers and abilities 
He can generate ice around his body, encase an entire person's body in ice simply by touching them, and cause ice to rapidly form along structures through physical contact.

## In other media 
The character has appeared in toys, television series, movies, and, video games. He has been played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the *Batman* television series. He was also played by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 movie *Batman & Robin*. He has also been voiced by Michael Ansara in the DC Animated Universe.

## References
Kocaeli University

**Kocaeli University** is a university in Turkey. It is in İzmit, Kocaeli. The university has many campuses in Umuttepe, Anıtpark and other places. It is a public university.

## Faculties 
* Engineering
* Medicine
* Law
* Dentistry
* Architecture and Design
* Education
* Arts and Sciences
* Fine Arts
* Communication
* Technology
* Economics and Administrative Sciences
* State Conservatory
Gangnam Style

"**Gangnam Style**" () is a K-pop song by South Korean singer PSY. The music video has been watched over 3.2 billion times on YouTube . It is the first video in the website's history that more than 1 billion people have seen. It has made people make many videos like it but in other locations, named "parodies". Barack Obama, David Cameron, and Ban Ki-moon tried the song's dance moves.

Gangnam Style continued to be the most viewed YouTube video until August 4, 2017, months since the music video for Despacito was first released.

## Arrangement
According to the sheet music that was originally published on Musicnotes.com by the Universal Music Publishing Group, the song is set in the time signature of  common time, with a fast tempo of 132 beats per minute, while arranged in the key of B minor (with the pre-chorus in B Mixolydian). PSY's vocals span from B3 to F4.

## References
Peggy Lipton

**Margaret Ann** "**Peggy**" **Lipton** (August 30, 1946 – May 11, 2019) was an American television actress. She played Julie Barnes in the series *The Mod Squad* in the late 1960s and early 1970s. She also played Norma Jennings in *Twin Peaks*. Some sources mention that she was born in 1946 while others say 1947. She was born in New York City. She was married to Quincy Jones from 1974 until they divorced in 1990. The couple had two daughters, actresses Kidada and Rashida Jones.

Lipton died of colon cancer on May 11, 2019 in Los Angeles, California. She was 72.

## References
## Other websites
*
Mary Landrieu

**Mary Loretta Landrieu** ( ; born November 23, 1955) is an American politician. She served as a U.S. Senator of Louisiana from 1997 to 2015. Landrieu is a member of the United States Democratic Party. She was raised in New Orleans. 

Her brother Mitch Landrieu was the Mayor of New Orleans. Her father Moon Landrieu also served as Mayor of New Orleans. 

She is considered a conservative Democrat, often opposed to the views of many others within her party. She lost re-election in 2014 to Republican U.S. Representative Bill Cassidy.

## Sources
Walter Breuning

**Walter Breuning** (September 21, 1896 – April 14, 2011) was an American supercentenarian and former railroader, who was the oldest living man in the world.

## Biography 
Breuning was born on September 21, 1896, in Melrose, Minnesota. Breuning was married to Agnes C. Breuning (née Twokey) from 1922 until her death in 1957. Lastly he married Margaret Breuning (née Vanest) from 1958 until her death in 1975.

He was a colorectal cancer survivor. From March 31, 2011 (the same day as Shelby Harris, who succeeded Breuning as the oldest living man in the United States, celebrated his 110th birthday), Breuning was hospitalized for an unspecified illness, possibly pneumonia.

He died of natural causes at the hospital on April 14, 2011 at 3:30 p.m. aged 114 years, 205 days and was survived by his niece, 3 nephews, and a great niece and nephews. He was succeeded as the oldest living man by Japanese Jiroemon Kimura, who later became the oldest man ever, and was (until Kimura surpassed his age) the third-oldest man in history, after Christian Mortensen and Emiliano Mercado del Toro.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Walter Breuning, 33° Scottish Rite Freemason, speaks about the oldest fraternity in the world
*Validated Living Supercentenarians 
*Great Falls Tribune's Breuning home page, with interactive timeline, photos, video, articles, links 
*Walter Breuning interviewed on KRTV and on CBS 
*Video of Walter reflecting on being one of the oldest male U.S. citizens
*Great Falls' Walter Breuning, one of world's oldest men, turns 111
*Report on Walter's 112th Birthday
**News Hour with Jim Lehrer* interview with Walter Breuning
Nightswimming (Awake)

"**Nightswimming**" is the eighth episode of the American crime fantasy television series *Awake*, that first aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) on April 19, 2012. Leonard Chang and co-executive producer Davey Holmes wrote "Nightswimming". 2.80 million watched it when it was first broadcast on television in the United States. Executive producer Jeffrey Reiner directed the episode, and critics liked the episode.

*Awake*'s main character is Michael Britten (Jason Isaacs), a detective living in two different realities after a car crash. In one reality, where he wears a red wristband, his wife Hannah Britten (Laura Allen) survived the accident, and in another reality, where he wears a green wristband, his son Rex Britten (Dylan Minnette) survived. In the "green reality", Michael helps Accountant Marcus Ananyev (Elijah Alexander) and his wife Alina (Ayelet Zurer) start a new life in the Witness Protection Program after a gang member tried to kill Marcus. In the "red reality", Michael and Hannah prepare for a new life in Oregon after deciding to move there. They go swimming at a college pool because they love each other.

Many reviewers praised the story of the "red reality", but did not enjoy the arcs of the "green reality". This episode marked the first time Rex had not appeared in an episode of the series, the show's two therapists: Dr. Jonathan Lee (BD Wong) and Dr. Judith Evans (Cherry Jones) also did not appear in it. Even though it was the eighth episode, it was supposed to be the fifth episode. The music featured in it was "Pain in My Heart" by Otis Redding. Michael is seen shirtless in two scenes of the episode, one of those scenes were filmed at an actual campus swimming pool. During filming, a woman saw Isaacs naked and questioned it. Many critics commented on the themes of "Nightswimming". It was filmed in Los Angeles, California, and eight guest actors were in it.

## References 
## Other websites 
* "Nightswimming" at NBC.com
* 
*
Virginia Dwyer

**Virginia Dwyer Gorman** (December 19, 1919 &ndash; August 20, 2012) was an American movie and television actress. She was born in Omaha, Nebraska. She was married to Walter Gorman. She died on August 20, 2012 in her home in Manhattan, New York from natural causes. She was 92 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chris Lighty

**Chris Lighty** (May 8, 1968 &ndash; August 30, 2012) was an American music executive and a talent agent. He helped many artists and musicians during his career. Lighty was "one of the most powerful figures in the hip-hop business". Lighty was also the founder of Violator, a record label. 

Lighty was born in The Bronx, New York City on May 8, 1968. He committed suicide by shooting himself on August 30, 2012 in his home in The Bronx. He was 44 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*
Victor Garber

**Victor Joseph Garber** (born March 16, 1949) is a Canadian movie, television, voice, and stage actor. He has appeared in many movies. He played Thomas Andrews in James Cameron's 1997 movie *Titanic*. He also played San Francisco Mayor George Moscone in *Milk*.

Garber was born in London, Ontario, Canada on March 16, 1949. Garber came out gay in January 2013. He lives in New York with his husband, Rainer Andreesen, whom he was married since 2015.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Jonathan Hyde

**Jonathan Stephen Geoffrey King** (born 21 May 1948), better known as **Jonathan Hyde**, is an Australian-born British actor. He has lived in the United Kingdom since 1969. He is known for roles such as Herbert Cadbury in *Richie Rich* (1994), Sam Parrish and Van Pelt in *Jumanji* (1995), J. Bruce Ismay in *Titanic* (1997) and Warren Westridge in *Anaconda* (1997). His TV credits include roles such as Culverton Smith in *The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes* and  Eldritch Palmer in *The Strain*.

King was born in Brisbane, Queensland. He moved to London in 1969. He married Scottish soprano Isobel Buchanan in 1980. The couple have two daughters, including actress Georgia King.

## References
## Other websites
*
* 
*
Billy Zane

**William George "Billy" Zane, Jr.** (born February 24, 1966), mostly known as **Billy Zane** or **Bill Zane**, is an American television, voice, stage, video game, and movie actor, music executive, and movie producer. He has appeared in over 100 movies. He played "Match" in the *Back to the Future* trilogy and the main antagonist Caledon N. "Cal" Hockley in the 1997 James Cameron's blockbuster movie *Titanic*.

Zane was born on February 24, 1966 in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Lisa Collins from 1989 until they divorced in 1995.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Ioan Gruffudd

**Ioan Gruffudd** (born October 6, 1973) is a Welsh television, stage, and movie Actor. He is known for his roles as Harold Lowe in *Titanic*, Lt. John Beales in *Black Hawk Down*, and his role as Reed Richards in *Fantastic Four* and *Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer*.

Gruffudd was born on October 6, 1973 in Llwydcoed, Aberdare, Cynon Valley, Wales. He has been married to Alice Evans since 2007. They have two children and currently live in Los Angeles, California.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Elizabeth Ashley

**Elizabeth Cole** (better known as **Elizabeth Ashley**; August 30 1939) is an American stage, television series and movie actress. She received the Tony Award for "Best Featured Actress in a Play". She has performed in many Broadway plays and movies. She was in the television sitcom *Evening Shade* in the 1990s. She is originally from Ocala, Florida.

## References
## Other websites
Queen Munjeong

**Queen Munjeong** (, 1 February 1502 – 29 December 1565) was Queen of Korean Joseon Dynastys and wife of 11th King Jungjong. mother of 13th King Myeongjong. regent of 1545 to 1563.

## References 
* Queen Munjeong:Navercast 
* Queen Munjeong
Quidenham

**Quidenham** is a village and civil parish in Breckland, Norfolk, England. In 2001, there were 576 people living in Quidenham.

## References
Ōtsu, Shiga

is a city in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu. It is the capital city of Shiga Prefecture.

It has been  as a core city since 2009.

## History
Ōtsu was the site of an Imperial palace from 667 to 672.  Emperor Tenji lived in Ōtsu.

In the Edo period, Ōtsu was one of fifty-three shogunate-maintained waystations (*shuku-eki*) along the road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

## Geography
*Ōtsu* is on the south shore of Lake Biwa. 

## Gallery

Image:Tokaido53 Otsu.jpg|Ōtsu by Hiroshige

## References
## Other websites 
* Ōtsu City website
Hosoya Jūdayū

was a Japanese samurai  of the late Edo period.  He is known for his role in the Boshin War.

## Early life
Hosoya was born into a family of samurai who served the Date clan of Sendai han.

## References
Pyre

funeral pyre in Indonesia]]
A **pyre**, also known as a **funeral pyre**, is a structure used for burning a body. The word *pyre* comes from the Greek word for *fire*. Pyres are built outdoors. They are usually made from wood. The body is placed on top of the pyre or under it. Then the pyre is set on fire. Pyres are still used for funerals in some parts of the world. They are also used for other types of ceremonies. In those ceremonies, there is a big fire, but a body is not burned. Historically, pyres have also been used to kill people by burning them alive.

## Pyres used for funerals
The Hindu, Sikh, and Buddhist religions still use pyres for the cremation of dead people. This form of funeral is thousands of years old. However, it is no longer legal in many countries. The ancient Greeks and ancient Romans used funeral pyres. The Vikings also used them. Viking funeral pyres were usually built on boats floating in the sea.

## Other uses for pyres
People sometimes use pyres to make a big fire or bonfire but they do not burn a real body. These types of pyres are used for celebrations or to remember a person or a special event. Pyres are often used in Guy Fawkes Night celebrations in the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries. In Denmark and Germany people light pyres to celebrate the summer solstice (the longest day of the year). People light pyres in Switzerland to celebrate their National Day.

Farmers sometimes use pyres to destroy the bodies of dead animals. They especially use them when the animals have died of a disease. This helps prevent the spread of the disease to other animals.

In the past, pyres were sometimes used to execute people. The people were burned while they were still alive. Often the person was tied to a stake (a very big stick) on top of the pyre. This type of execution was known as "". Joan of Arc died in this way.

## Pictures

File:El funeral de un vikingo, por Frank Dicksee.jpg|A Viking funeral pyre on a boat 
File:Landschaftspark Hachinger Tal Johannisfeuer Scheiterhaufen.jpg|A pyre for a summer festival in Germany 
File:Stilke Hermann Anton - Joan of Arc's Death at the Stake.jpg|Joan of Arc burning to death on a pyre  

## References
## Other websites
* Ancient Roman funeral pyres
Colin McFarlane

**Colin McFarlane** (born 15 September 1961) is a British actor. He is known for his role as Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb in *Batman Begins* and *The Dark Knight*. In television he has appeared in ''Jonathan's Creek*, *The Fast Show*, and the *Black Books*. He has starred in animated movies or television programs. He is also known for providing the voice of God in *Testament: The Bible in Animation''. 

McFarlane was born in Upper Clapton, London on 15 September 1961. He is married to Kate McFarlane. They have one son named Josh.

## Other websites
*
Anal stage

The **anal stage** is the second stage in Sigmund Freud's psychosexual development theory. Freud believed the personality developed through several stages during childhood. These stages focused on the erogenous zones. The anal stage occurs between ages 18 months to three years. This is the period when a child toilet trains. According to Freud, pleasure is derived from controlling the anus (the primary erogenous zone) and the bladder. A toilet training conflict or fixation results in a rigid or disordered personality. 

## Notes