open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tsunami protection engineering

and trees protect town from tsunami.]]
**Tsunami protection engineering** is intended to prevent or mitigate possible tsunami damage and save lives. The best method of protection seems to be the use of seawalls in front of ports and cities. Another effective method from a tsunami is proper planting trees. Some villages in India, for example, had minimal casualties in the 2004 tsunami because they had planted trees along the coastline.

Tsunami protection engineering should also foresee and prevent situations like one that happened at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant when the main power went down, backup generators failed and cooling water could not get to the nuclear fuel. The overheating that followed led to explosions, fires and dangerous release of radiation.

## Notes
Tsunami warning system

.]]
**Tsunami warning system** or **TWS** detects tsunamis and issues warnings to prevent loss of life and property. It consists of two equally important components: a *network of sensors* to detect tsunamis and a *communications infrastructure* to issue timely alarms to start evacuation before the big waves reach the land to let the people rush to safety.

There are two distinct types of tsunami warning systems: *international* and *regional*. Both of those systems depend on the fact that *tsunami waves* travel, approximately, 15-30 times slower than *seismic waves*.

## Notes
Lemon verbena

**Lemon verbena** (*Aloysia citrodora*) is a type of flowering plant in the verbena family. It can also be called **lemon beebrush**. Its tiny flowers bloom purple or white in late summer.

## Uses 
Lemon verbena leaves are used to add a lemony taste to fish and poultry dishes, vegetable marinades, salad dressings, jams, puddings, and beverages. It also is used to make herb tea. 

## References
Golpar

**Golpar** (*Heracleum persicum*), also known as **Persian hogweed**, is a flowering plant. It grows wild in mountains.

## Uses 
Golpar seeds are used as a spice in Persian cooking. These seedpods are slightly . They are usually sold in powder and are often sold as "Angelica Seeds." The powder is sprinkled over beans and potatoes. Golpar is also used in soups and stews. It is often sprinkled over pomegranate seeds. Golpar is also mixed with vinegar into which lettuce leaves are dipped before eating.
Telly Savalas

**Aristotelis Telly Savalass** (January 21, 1922 – January 22, 1994) was an American actor and singer. He is best known from playing the character Kojak in a television series and many television movies. He was born in Garden City, New York; his parents were Greek Americans.

## Career 
Early in his career, he played different characters like the detective in *Cape Fear* (1962), with Gregory Peck and Robert Mitchum, and the role of Feto Gomez in *Birdman of Alcatraz* (1962), he would win the Academy Award as supporting actor.
 
One of his best roles in his career was that of Pontius Pilate, in *The Greatest Story Ever Told* (1965). For his role, he shaved his head.
 
Then co-star in war movies *Battle of the Bulge* (1965), *The Dirty Dozen* (1967), with Lee Marvin, Telly played the role of a religious fanatic convict, who is elected by Lee Marvin for a suicidal mission., and ''Kelly's Heroes* (1970), with Clint Eastwood and directed by Brian G. Hutton.

He was then personified as the villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld, in the James Bond saga, *On Her Majesty's Secret Service* (1969).
 
In the 1970s Savalas worked in Europe with some success in movies as *Città violenta* (1970), with Charles Bronson, *A Town Called Bastard* (1971), with Jack Palance, La banda J.S.: Cronaca criminale del Far West (1972), *Horror Express* (1972) with Christopher Lee and Peter Cushing, *Senza ragione* (1973). and the movie by Mario Bava, *Lisa e il diavolo* (1974).

In the late 70s and early 1980s, Savalas worked on movies including *Beyond the Poseidon Adventure* (1979), *Cannonball Run II* (1984).

## Television 
In 1963 he was on an episode of The Twilight Zone.
In 1973 CBS hired him to play the role of a Lieutenant, member of the police detective in New York, in production for CBS television: *The Marcus-Nelson Murders*. Has a success out of the ordinary and the producers decided to turn it into a television series. 

Seven TV movies were made in the series Kojak: *Kojak: The Belarus File* (1985), *Kojak: The Price of Justice* (1987), *Kojak: Ariana* (1989), *Kojak: Fatal Flaw* (1991),  *Kojak: Flowers for Matty* (1990), *Kojak: It's Always Something* (1990) and *Kojak: None So Blind'' (1990).  

He won an Emmy Award for Kojak.

He also starred in TV movie productions Mongo's *Back in Town* (1972), *She Cried Murder* (1973), *Alcatraz: The Whole Shocking Story* (1980), *Dirty Dozen: The Deadly Mission* (1987), *The Dirty Dozen: The Fatal Mission* (1988), *The Hollywood Detective* (1989).

## Filmography 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Official site 
* Savalas.TV - Who loves ya, baby?
* TellySavalas.de - German Infoside 
* TellySavalas.com 
* 
* 
*
The Descent of Man

***The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex*** is a book by Charles Darwin, first published in 1871.

It was Darwin's second great book on evolutionary theory, with the first being his 1859 work, *On the Origin of Species*.

Darwin had said almost nothing about human beings in the *Origin*, except a single sentence:
"*Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history*".

In *The Descent of Man*, Darwin applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and also explains his theory of sexual selection. He thought the two topics were closely connected.

In the nearly 12 years between the *Origin* and the *Descent of Man*, several writers had written works on the subject. Noteworthy were:

*''Man's Place in Nature* by Thomas Henry Huxley.
**The Antiquity of Man'' by Charles Lyell.

Both were published in 1863.

## Sexual selection 
### Sexual dimorphism 
The starting point for sexual selection is the observation that males differ from females, not just in sexual apparatus, but in many other traits. This is true of many animals, and the question is why this happens. The answer given by Darwin, and followed by many other biologists, is that the selection on males is different from the selection on females.

### Sexual selection in Man 
Sexual selection is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin that states that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by intraspecific competition (competition between members of the same species).

Darwin defined sexual selection as the effects of the "struggle between the individuals of one sex, generally the males, for the possession of the other sex".

Biologists today distinguish between "male to male combat" or "intrasexual selection" (it is usually males that fight each other), "mate choice" or "intersexual selection" (usually female choice of male mates) and sexual conflict.

Secondary sex characteristics are features that distinguish the two sexes of a species, but are not directly part of the reproductive system. They are believed to be the product of sexual selection for traits which give an individual an advantage over its rivals in courtship and fighting.

Traits selected by male combat are called "weapons"; and traits selected by mate choice are called "ornaments".

## References
Fearne Cotton

**Fearne Cotton** (born 3 September 1981) is an English television and radio presenter. She is known for presenting a number of popular TV programmes such as *Top of the Pops* and the *Red Nose Day* *telethon*. Cotton joined BBC Radio 1 in September 2005.  In 2007, she became the first regular female presenter of BBC Radio 1's *Chart Show*. She now presents BBC Radio 1's weekday mid-morning programme. In 2008 Cotton moved to the United States to present *The Guinness Book of Records - Live*. In 2015, Cotton returned to children’s television by voicing a Voice Trumpet in the 2015 reboot of Teletubbies.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
*
Lucy Pinder

**Lucy Katherine Pinder** (born 20 December 1983) is an English glamour model. She is from Winchester, Hampshire.
She was discovered sunbathing on Bournemouth beach in 2003 and from there went on to become one of Britain’s most successful glamour models, appearing on countless magazine covers such as Nuts, Loaded, FHM and Maxim magazine and became a regular on the noughties sexiest lists.
TV credits include Soccer Am, T4,the Real Hustle, Bo Selecta, the Weakest Link and Celebrity Big Brother.
She embarked on an acting career with starring roles in Brit comedy Me Myself and Di, The Royals and Age of Kill.
As well as pursuing an acting career she is cohost of podcast ‘Smashing Sundays’ alongside comedy writer Beth Granville.

## References
## Other websites
*
Marylebone station

**Marylebone station**, also known as **London Marylebone**, is a central London railway terminus and London Underground station. It is halfway between the mainline stations at Euston (WCML) and Paddington (GWML), being about 1 mile (1.6&nbsp;km) from each. It was opened on 15 March 1899 by the Great Central Railway.

## Related pages
* The Landmark London - the present name of the former Great Central Hotel

## Notes
## References
*
*
*

## Other websites
* Train times and station information for Marylebone railway station from National Rail (Station code: MYB)
* Marylebone Station at Chiltern Railways
Keeley Hazell

**Keeley Rebecca Hazell** (born 18 September 1986)
* Winner of *The Sun* Online's "Reality Babe Cup"
* #1 in *Zoo* "100 Sexiest Bodies 2006"
* "Best Celeb Body 2006" (*More* readers' survey)
* #19 in AskMen.com "Top 99 Most Desirable Women 2007 Edition"
* #9 in *FHM* "50 Most Eligible Bachelorettes 2007"
* #2 in *FHM* "100 Sexiest Women in the World 2007"
* #3 in *FHM* "100 Sexiest Women in the World 2008"
* #2 in IGN Babe Election 2008
* #4 in AskMen.com "Top 99 Most Desirable Women 2009 Edition"
* #5 in *FHM* "100 Sexiest Women in the World 2009"
* #3 seed in KJR-AM's "Bigger Dance Bracket", eliminated in Championship by Megan Fox
* #5 in *FHM* "100 Sexiest Women in the World 2010"
* #8 in *FHM* "100 Sexiest Women in the World 2012"
* #21 in *FHM* "100 Sexiest Women in the World 2013"

## References
* "Keeley Hazell Does FHM UK".
* "All hail Keeley". (September 2, 2005). *Zoo*.
* "Alternative Icons of the Year". (January 2007). *Arena*.
* Coan, Lee (September 2005). "Top girl". *FHM*, pp.&nbsp;74–80.
* "Keeley Got Me Going". (October 2005). *3zine*.
* "Topless Special: Keeley". (October 6, 2006). *Zoo*.
* "Welcome to Keeley World". (December 16, 2005). *Zoo*.

## Other websites
* Official Website 
* 
* Keeley Hazell  at FHM
Sexual conflict

'' (shown mating) is an important model organism in sexual conflict research.]]

**Sexual conflict** is a term in evolutionary biology. It occurs in a species when what benefits the females is different from what benefits the males.

The word 'benefit' here means 'what benefits the reproduction of the female's (or male's) genes. It is expressed as  a *difference in biological fitness*.

The conflict can lead to an evolutionary arms race between males and females. It has primarily been studied in animals, though it can in principle apply to any sexually reproducing organism, such as plants and fungi.

## Fundamental difference of interest 
In sexual reproduction there is, from the point of view of evolution, a fundamental difference of interest between males and females. This difference of interest plays out differently in different species.
;Males
Their interest is to mate with a large number of completely faithful females, thus spreading their genes widely in the population.
;Females
Their interest is to mate with a large number of fit males, thus producing a large number of fit and varied offspring.

## Examples 
#A well-documented example is the seminal fluid of *Drosophila melanogaster*, which up-regulates females' egg-laying rate and reduces her desire to re-mate with another male (serving the male's interests), but also shortens the female's lifespan, so reducing her fitness."A hormone called 'sex peptide'... causes the female to become uninterested in mating... also males have components in their sperm which kill old sperm from previous males".92
#The same set of alleles in males and females may have different optima: they are expressed differently in the sexes. A classic example is the human pelvis, where females need larger hips for childbirth. A narrower hip size is better for locomotion. The genes that affect hip size must reach a compromise that is at neither the male optimum nor the female optimum. In some cases, the loci involved are expressed differently in males and females. Evidence indicates that intralocus conflict is important in the evolution of many traits.
#Sexual conflict may lead to antagonistic co-evolution, in which one sex (usually males) evolves a favorable trait which is countered by a trait in the other sex. For example, male bean weevils (*Callosobruchus maculatus*) have spiny genitalia. These allow them to copulate for a longer time without getting dislodged, and so transfer more sperm. However, this damages the female and reduces her fitness. Females have evolved the counteradaptation of kicking at males during mating, which reduces the time spent in copulation.

Some regard sexual conflict as a subset of sexual selection (which was traditionally regarded as mutualistic), while others suggest it is a separate evolutionary phenomenon.

## Related pages 
*Courtship in animals

## References
Chelonia

**Chelonia** is a name for the whole order of turtles, and for a particular turtles:

**Chelonia*, a name for all turtles. Nowadays Testudines is often preferred.
**Chelonia mydas*, the Green sea turtle.

## Sources
Milan Dudić

**Milan Dudić** (born  November 1, 1979 in Kraljevo, former Yugoslavia, now Serbia) is a former  professional football player from Serbia. He is now playing for SK Sturm Graz as defender in the Austrian t-mobile Liga, the highest division in Austrian football.

He started playing football with amateur teams and began as a professional player in 1998 with FK Cukaricki. In 2002, he began playing for Red Star Belgrade. He won the Serbian championship two times with the club (2004, 2006) and the cup twice as well (2004, 2006). In 2006, he played with the national team of Serbia and Montenegro at the FIFA World Cup in Germany. All together he played 13 matches for the national team. In 2006, he signed with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. With Red Bull Salzburg he won the Austrian Championship three times. In 2011, his contract ended and he went to SK Sturm Graz.

## Honours
***Serbian Superliga(2)**: 2004, 2006
***Serbia and Montenegro Cup (2)**: 2004, 2006
***Austrian Bundesliga (3)**: 2007, 2009, 2010
## Other websites 
Milan Dudic (Fangemeinschaft FC Red Bull Salzburg)

## Gallery

File:Milan Dudic(1).JPG|Dudić in August 2010
File:Milan Dudic1.JPG|As defender of FC Salzburg
File:Milan Dudic5.JPG|Milan Dudic is celebrating his goal 
File:RBS-Austria Wien7.JPG|Milan Dudic at work vs. FK Austria Wien

## References
Carbon fixation

**Carbon fixation** is how gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into a solid compound. It occurs in autotrophs during the Calvin cycle and in some heterotrophs.

## Related pages 
*Carbon sink
Passover

**Passover** or **Pasch** () () is a religious holiday or festival noted by ceremonies each year by Jewish people. They celebrate it to remember when God used Moses to free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, as told in the book of Exodus in the Bible. God told Moses to set aside this special week originally called "the feast of unleavened bread". During this time, the people eat special foods, do special rituals and sing special songs. Passover starts on the 15th of Nisan on the Hebrew calendar, which falls in March or April.
## Second Passover
The "Second Passover" (Pesach Sheni) on the 15th of Iyar in the Hebrew Calendar is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as a make-up day for people who were unable to offer the Passover sacrifice at the appropriate time.

## References
2 Pallas

**2 Pallas** (symbol: ) is the second asteroid discovered in the solar system after Ceres. It was discovered by Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers on March 28, 1802. 2 Pallas is named after Pallas Athena, an  name for the goddess Athena.

The orbit of 2 Pallas is highly inclined and moderately eccentric, with a very high axial tilt of 84°. 

2 Pallas has a mass  to be 7% of the total mass of the asteroid belt. The asteroid is the third largest asteroid in terms of mass and the second largest in terms of diameter.

2 Pallas is believed to have a composition like silicate and “carbonaceous chondrite” meteors. 

## References
Coffee & TV

"**Coffee & TV**" is a song by the British rock band Blur. The song was released on the 1999 album *13*. "Coffee & TV" reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart and number 26 on the Irish Singles Chart.

## Chart performance
## References
S&M (song)

"**S&M**" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is about BDSM. It is the third single off her studio album *Loud* (2010). Another version of the song featuring pop singer Britney Spears was released after Rihanna instructed fans to vote for an artist to be featured on the remix of the song.  It has charted successfully in twelve countries. It hit number one in the United States, Canada, and Australia, while reaching the top three in the United Kingdom.

"S&M" was the 12th-best performing song of 2011 in the U.S. and UK and the 20th-best performing in Canada.
The genre of this song is Eurodance.

## Music video
The music video was directed by Melanie Matsoukas, who has worked with other artists like Beyoncé.  The video was banned from YouTube because it was sexually explicit.  However, it is available for users who are signed into their accounts and over the age of 18.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ali Mohsen Al-Ahmar

**Ali Mohsen Al-Ahmar** is the general of the Yemeni army and Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh's half brother. He helped recruit Islamist radicals to fight in Afghanistan during the Soviet-Afghan War.
On March 21, 2011, Al-Ahmar defected and joined the anti-government Yemeni protesters, along with other top Yemeni army commanders.

## References
Paul Michael Glaser

**Paul Michael Glaser** (born March 25, 1943) is an American actor and director.

## Career 
He began his career in the TV series *Love Is a Many Splendored Thing* (1967). In 1972 he had a role in the film starring Goldie Hawn, *Butterflies Are Free* (1972), and in the TV movies *Aces Up* (1974), with Raul Julia, and *Trapped Beneath the Sea* (1974), with Lee J. Cobb.

In 1976 he played Harry Houdini in the TV movie: *The Great Houdini*. Followed starred in the movies *Phobia* (1980), as Dr. Peter Ross, *Wait Till Your Mother Gets Home!* TV (1983), and *Attack on Fear* TV (1984), he plays the role of a journalist who reports cases of corruption in a small town.

Glaser had a great director career as a film and television. He directed Arnold Schwarzenegger in *The Running Man* (1987), The Cutting Edge (1992) & Kazaam (1996). He also directed episodes of the series: *Starsky and Hutch*, *Miami Vice*, *Otherworld*, *The Agency*, *Mister Sterling*, *Robbery Homicide Division*, *Judging Amy*, *Third Watch*, and many more.

## Starsky and Hutch 
His best known role was that of Det. Dave Starsky in American TV series *Starsky and Hutch*. The series is about two friends police, Dave Starsky and Ken Hutchinson; David Soul, to solve all kinds of cases. The series ran between 1975 and 1979. And they filmed 82 episodes. Glaser and Soul have a small role in the movie Starsky & Hutch (2004).
 
He was a guest star on the TV series: *Cannon* (1972), *The Streets of San Francisco* (1972), *The Waltons* (1973), *Kojak* (1974), *The Closer* (2008), *Criminal Minds* (2008), *Numb3rs* (2008), and *The Mentalist* (2009).

## References 
*Paul Michael Glaser official web site 
*
*
*Paul Michael Glaser  at Internet Off-Broadway Database
*Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
*Fansite about Paul Michael Glaser and David Soul 
*The Paul Michael Glaser Web Experience
Brett DiBiase

**Brett DiBiase** (born March 16, 1988) is an American former professional wrestler and professional wrestling referee. He has worked in WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling from 2008–2011, where he won the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship. On March 27, 2010, DiBiase and his brother Ted Jr. inducted their father into the WWE Hall of Fame.

On June 9, 2009, DiBiase married his high school sweetheart Leah Nicole May.

## Championships and accomplishments
***Florida Championship Wrestling**
**FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) –  with Joe Hennig
***Pride Premier Wrestling **
**PPW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
****Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
**PWI ranked him #**164** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2010

## References
## Other websites 
* Online World of Wrestling profile
Castlegar, British Columbia

**Castlegar** is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Castlegar is in the West Kootenay region in British Columbia. There were 8,338 people in Castlegar at the 2021 census. Castlegar is the second largest place in the West Kootenay region. 

## Other websites
*City of Castlegar's Official website
Albin Planinc

**Albin Planinc** or **Albin Planinec** (18 April 1944 – 20 December 2008) was a chess Grandmaster from Slovenia. He won the Slovenian Chess Championship in 1968 and 1971.

Planinc enjoyed playing old, rarely used openings, and had an tactical style of play that led to some brilliant wins, but also some bad losses. His playing career ended by age 35 because he struggled with a mental illness, but he went on to become a trainer.

## References
## Other websites
*Player profile at ChessGames.com
Mike Shaw

**Mike Shaw** (May 9, 1957 – September 11, 2010) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring names, **Norman The Lunatic** and **Bastion Booger**. He was married to his wife and they had two children. He died on September 11, 2010 due to a heart attack.

## Championships
Shaw held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

***NWA All-Star Wrestling**
**NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (*Vancouver version*) (two times) with Danny O (one) and Dean Ho (one)

***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**PWI ranked him #403 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.

***Stampede Wrestling**
**Stampede International Tag Team Championship (two times) with Vulkan Singh (one) and Jerry Morrow (one)
**Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship (three times)

***Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards**
**Most Embarrassing Wrestler in 1993
**Worst Worked Match of the Year in 1993 with Bam Bam Bigelow and The Headshrinkers vs. The Bushwhackers and Men on a Mission at Survivor Series
Robert W. Holley

**Robert William Holley** (January 28, 1922; Urbana, Illinois – February 11, 1993) was an American biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he won for describing the structures for alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein synthesis.

## References
Buff Bagwell

**Marcus Alexander Bagwell** (born January 10, 1970 in Marietta, Georgia) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name, **Buff Bagwell**.

## Championships
Bagwell held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

***AWA Superstars of Wrestling**
**AWA Superstars of Wrestling World Tag Team Championship (one time) with The Patriot
***Cleveland All-Pro World Wrestling**
**CAPW Unified World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
***Great American Wrestling Federation**
**GAWF Heavyweight Championship (one time)
***Great Championship Wrestling**
**GCW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Scott Steele
***Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling**
**Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship (two times, current)
**Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship (three times, current) with Dusty Rhodes (one), and Rikki Nelson (two)
***North American Championship Wrestling**
**NACW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Ricky Morton
***NWA Blue Ridge**
**NWA Blue Ridge Television Championship (one time)
***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**PWI ranked him #221 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
***Ultimate NWA**
**Ultimate NWA Heavyweight Championship (one time)
***World Championship Wrestling** 	
**WCW World Tag Team Championship (five times) with 2 Cold Scorpio (one), The Patriot (two), Scotty Riggs (one), and Shane Douglas (one)
**Rookie of the Year in 1991
***Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards**
**Most Embarrassing Wrestler in 2001
***Others**
**Georgia All State Tag Team Championship (one time) with Chris Walker
**Michigan Midwest Heavyweight Championship (one time)
**RCW (Tennessee) Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Lamborghini Miura

The **Lamborghini Miura** is a sports car built by Italian automaker Lamborghini between 1966 and 1973. 

The car was the first high-performance production road car with a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, which has since become the standard for performance-oriented sports cars.

The Miura is named after the fighting bull.  When released, it was the fastest production car in the world. It was designed by Marcello Gandini. 764 automobiles were produced.

## References 
## Other websites
*Lamborghini's Official website
*
Salmon Arm

**Salmon Arm** is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Salmon Arm is found in the Shuswap Country of the Southern Interior. The population of Salmon Arm was 19,432 in 2021.

Salmon Arm has an ice hockey team in the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) called the Salmon Arm Silverbacks.

## References
## Other websites
*Town of Salmon Arm's Official website
Chase Field

**Chase Field** is the home baseball park of the Arizona Diamondbacks. It is in downtown Phoenix, Arizona. The Diamondbacks moved into Chase Field in 1998 when the team was established. At that time the stadium was called **Bank One Ballpark**, or "The BOB". It was renamed Chase Field after the merger of Bank One with Chase. Chase Field also hosted the NCAA Insight Bowl from 2000 to 2005.

## References
## Other websites
* Stadium site on dbacks.com 
* Official website
M&T Bank Stadium

**M&T Bank Stadium** is the home football stadium of the Baltimore Ravens. It is in downtown Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens moved into M&T Bank Stadium in 1998 after spending a two years in Memorial Stadium. M&T Bank Stadium has also hosted the NCAA Lacrosse Final Four in 2003, 2004 and 2007.

## References
## Other websites
* Stadium site on baltimoreravens.com
Lorne Greene

**Lorne Greene** (February 12, 1915 – September 11, 1987), was a Canadian actor and singer.

## Career 
Greene was born on February 12, 1915 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. His first movie was ''Churchill's Island* (1941), as narrator. He was in films such as *The Silver Chalice* (1954), *Autumn Leaves* (1956), with Joan Crawford, *Peyton Place* (1957), with Lana Turner, *The Buccaneer* (1958), with Yul Brynner, and *Earthquake* (1974), with Charlton Heston.

Greene also had roles in some low-budget westerns, including *The Last of the Fast Guns* (1958), *The Hangman* (1959),  
 
He also worked on the Japanese film *Nippon chinbotsu* (1974).

## Bonanza 
Greene gained fame in 1959 starring in the NBC western *Bonanza''. He played role of Ben Cartwright, the owner of the Ponderosa Ranch in Virginia City.
Also in the series were Pernell Roberts as Adam Cartwright, Michael Landon as Joseph 'Little Joe' Cartwright, and Dan Blocker as Eric 'Hoss' Cartwright. 

The series was a success and lasted for 14 seasons between 1959 and 1973.

## Television 
In the early years of Greene's career, he made guest appearances on television shows including *Ford Television Theatre* (1953), ''Producers' Showcase* (1955), *General Motors Presents* (1955), *The United States Steel Hour* (1956), *Kraft Television Theatre* (1957), *Shirley Temple's Storybook* (1958).   
 
In 1955, he starred in his first series *Sailor of Fortune*, as Capt. Mitchell. The series was co-produced by Canada and Britain television, and lasted one season.
 
He was also a detective in *Griff* (1973-1974) created by Larry Cohen. Greene played Wade Griffin, a police officer with many years of service who leaves the force to become a private investigator

Another of his memorable roles was that of John Reynolds in the TV mini-series *Roots* (1977).
 
Greene continued to have success on television as the star of the science fiction series *Battlestar Galactica* (1978-1979), and *Galactica'' (1980) where he played the role of Commander Adama. The series featured special effects never before seen on American television.

## References 
* 
* 
*
Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)

**Memorial Stadium** was a stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The stadium was home to the National Football League (NFL) team, the Baltimore Ravens from 1996 to 1997 and was also home to the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball from 1954 to 1991, as well as the Baltimore Colts from 1954 to 1983, and the Baltimore Stallions from 1986 to 1987. The stadium was demolished in 2001. In 2010 a new baseball field was built on the same site of the Memorial stadium and Cal Ripken was at the ribbon-cutting. It was nicknamed "The Old Grey Lady of 33rd Street" and "The World's Largest Outdoor Insane Asylum", for the infamous fan noise. The stadium eventually lost teams because it could not compete with other newer stadiums. There was a plaque on the stadium honoring allied soldiers in World War II. A replica now sits outside Oriole Park at Camden Yards, the new home of the Orioles. The Ravens now play in M&T Bank Stadium.

## Other websites
* The former website of Memorial Stadium
Vernon, British Columbia

**Vernon** is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Vernon is in the south-central region of British Columbia and is the largest city in the North Okanagan region. It is named after Forbes George Vernon, a former member of government in British Columbia. Including the areas around it, Vernon has a population of 44,519 as of the Canada 2021 Census. A person who lives in Vernon is called a "Vernonite".

Vernon was named one of the top six most desirable communities to retire to in North America by Consumer Reports in 2005. Vernon has a BCHL (British Columbia Hockey League) ice hockey team called the Vernon Vipers.

## History 
The site of the city was discovered by the Okanagan First Nations people, who named the community Nintle Moos Chin, which means "jumping over place where the creek narrows". This name refers to a section of the Swan Lake that passes through Downtown Vernon, the community's central business district. The Okanagan people settled around the city's two lakes, Okanagan Lake and Swan Lake, eating seasonal foods. Later, the land was renamed Priest's Valley because of the priests living in the valley around 1859. A town was created in 1885 and was named Vernon in 1887 in honour of Forbes George Vernon, a settler who became part of the British Columbian government.

Vernon started to develop in 1863, when gold was found in the surrounding lands. Centreville, the community's original business district, was formed in 1885.

Vernon's growth quickened in 1891 after the Canadian Pacific Railway was opened in the Okanagan and Shuswap regions of British Columbia. Shortly after, the river boat *S.S. Aberdeen* was launched in 1893 to connect Vernon to other parts of the Okanagan. Fruit trees first grew in Vernon by the early 1890s, while water supplies were supplied to the community by canals by 1906. In 1908, the Okanagan Mounted Rifles military program was created, bringing a number of people to the area during World War I and World War II for lessons. with a city hall built in 1903 that included a fire hall and a public reading space. The following year, it was declared the largest municipality in the Okanagan and the first to contain a bank and telephone.

## References 
## Other websites
*Town of Vernon's Official website
Sumac

**Sumac**, also spelled **sumach**, is a flowering plant.

Sumacs are small trees. The leaves are arranged like spirals. The flowers are in spikes. Each flower is very small, greenish, creamy white or red, with five petals. The fruits form  of reddish drupes called "sumac bobs".

## References
Cubeb

**Cubeb** (*Piper cubeba*), also known as **tailed pepper** or **Java pepper**, is a plant in genus *Piper* is used for its fruit and  oil. It is usually found in Java, and so it is sometimes called **Java pepper**. The fruits are gathered before they are , and dried carefully. The seed of the plant is white, hard and oily.

## Cooking 
In Europe, cubeb was one of the  spices during the Middle Ages. It was used in sauces. An old recipe includes cubeb in making *sauce sarcenes*, which consists of almond milk and a few spices. As a good-smelling snack, cubeb was often candied and eaten.

## References
Electronic commerce

**Electronic commerce** more well known as **e-commerce** consists of the buying or selling of products via electronic means such as the internet or other electronic services.  This type of trade has been growing rapidly because of the expansion of the Internet.  Types of commerce include online retail, electronic markets, and online auctions. 

The need for electronic commerce emerged from the need to use computers more efficiently in banks and corporations. With the increasing competition there was a need amongst organizations to increase customer satisfaction and information exchange. Electronic commerce started with the introduction of electronic funds transfer (EFT) by banks.  Over time many variants of EFTs within banks were introduced like debit cards, credit cards, and direct deposits.

## References
David McCallum

**David Keith McCallum** (19 September 1933 &ndash; 25 September 2023) was a Scottish actor.  He was born in Glasgow, Scotland. McCallum was best known for playing Illya Kuryakin in *The Man from U.N.C.L.E.* and Dr Donald "Ducky" Mallard on *NCIS*.

## Career 
McCallum's first movie work was in *Ill Met by Moonlight* (1957), followed *The Secret Place* (1957). Later, he worked in *The Long and the Short and the Tall* (1961), *Billy Budd* (1962), and *Freud* (1962).  McCallum played a role in the movie *The Great Escape* (1962), with Steve McQueen and directed by John Sturges. In 1965,  he worked in the in biblical movie *The Greatest Story Ever Told* (1965). In this movie he played Judas. In 1966, he co-starred in *Around the World Under the Sea* (1966), with Lloyd Bridges.

He had a strong performance in first lead role in a movie in *Mosquito Squadron* (1969), directed by Boris Sagal. In 1970s, McCallum acted in movies as *Dogs* (1976), *The Kingfisher Caper* (1976),

## Television 
Most of his career has been in television. He has worked for over fifty years in television both in the United States and the United Kingdom. His first appearances were in British television in *Our Mutual Friend* (1958), *The Eustace Diamonds* (1959), *BBC Sunday-Night Theatre* (1959) and *BBC Sunday-Night Play* (1960). In 1964, he played the role of Illya Kuryakin in the American TV series *The Man from U.N.C.L.E.*. McCallum played the character for 114 episodes. For this series McCallum was  for two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globes. David McCallum also had success in British series *Colditz* (1972–1974), and *Sapphire & Steel* (1979–1982). 

He also played role the invisible man in NBC TV series, *The Invisible Man*.  In the 1990s, he was in the sci-fi series VR.5 as Doctor Joseph Bloom. He worked on the American series *The Replacements* (2006–2009) and CBS TV series *NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service* (2003-2011), as Dr. Donald Mallard.

## Death 
McCallum died of natural causes on 25 September 2023 at a hospital in New York City, less than a week after his 90 birthday.

## References 
## Other websites 
*David McCallum Fans Online
*Fans From U.N.C.L.E.
*
Jay Lethal

**Jamar Shipman** (born April 21, 1985 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) is an American professional wrestler who currently wrestles for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and Ring of Honor (ROH) under the ring name, **Jay Lethal**. He is also known for wrestling for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) from 2005 to 2011.

## Championships
Lethal has held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
* **American Championship Entertainment**
** ACE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Mo Sexton
* **Champion Wrestling Association (Puerto Rico)**
** CWA World Championship (1 time)
***Discovery Wrestling**
** Discovery Awards (1 time)
*** Match of the Year (2016) - 
* **Family Wrestling Entertainment**
** FWE Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
** FWE Tri-Borough Championship (1 time)
** FWE Rumble (2012)
* **International High Powered Wrestling**
** IHPW Diamond Division Championship (1 time)
** IHPW United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
** JAPW Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
** JAPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Azrieal
** JAPW Television Championship (1 time)
** Jersey City Rumble (2009)
* **Jersey Championship Wrestling**
** JCW Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
** JCW Television Championship (1 time)
** Jersey J-Cup (2003)
* **Millennium Wrestling Federation**
** MWF Television Championship (1 time)
* **National Wrestling Superstars**
** WSU/NWS King and Queen of the Ring (2009) – with Miss April
* **Politically Incorrect Wrestling**
** PIW World Championship (1 time)
* **Prairie Wrestling Alliance**
** PWA Championship (1 time)
* **Pro-Wrestling ELITE**
** PWE Interstate Championship (1 time)
* **Ring of Honor**
**ROH Pure Championship (1 time)
** ROH World Championship  (2 times)
** ROH World Tag Team Championship  (1 time) – with Jonathan Gresham
** ROH World Television Championship (2 times)
** Honor Rumble (2011)
** Survival of the Fittest (2012)
** Third Triple Crown Champion
** Third Grand Slam Champion
** ROH Year-End Award (6 times)
*** Wrestler of the Year (2018)
*** Feud of the Year (2017) 
*** Match of the Year (2019) 
*** ROH Wrestler of the Decade (2020)
*** Tag Team of the Year (2020) 
*** Faction of the Year (2020) – 
* **Southside Wrestling Entertainment**
** SWE Speed King Championship (1 time)
** Speed King (2013)
***Stars & Stripes Championship Wrestling**
**Tradition Cup Championship (1 time)
* **Total Nonstop Action Wrestling**
** TNA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Consequences Creed
** TNA X Division Championship (6 times)
** Feast or Fired (2008 – World Tag Team Championship contract)
** World X Cup (2006) – with Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Alex Shelley
** TNA Year End Awards (1 time)
*** X Division Star of the Year (2007)
* **Unreal Championship Wrestling**
** UCW United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
** Worst Worked Match of the Year (2006) TNA Reverse Battle Royal on *Impact!*

## Footnotes 
## References 
## Other websites
*Official website  
*ROH profile 
* TNA Wrestling alumni profile
*
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

with the Sun in the centre. Copernicus' manuscript]]

***De revolutionibus orbium coelestium*** (*On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres*) is great work of the Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543).

The book, first printed in 1543 in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, offered proof that the Earth went round the Sun, and not vice versa, as had been thought. 

This was an alternative model of the universe to Ptolemy's Earth-centered system, which had been accepted since ancient times.

Copernicus had worked his ideas out many years before, however he did not publish until right before his death because he himself did not truly believe it and only proposed the idea as a philosophy experiment. 

## Contents 
In its standard English edition, the book contains 330 folio pages, 100 pages of tables, and over 20,000 tabulated numbers.

The book is dedicated to Pope Paul III in a preface that argues that mathematics, not physics, should be the basis for understanding and accepting his new theory. 

*De revolutionibus* is divided into six "books" (sections or parts): 
* Book I is a general vision of the heliocentric theory, and a summarized exposition of his cosmology.
* Book II is mainly theoretical and describes the principles of spherical astronomy and a list of stars, as a basis for the arguments developed in the following books.
* Book III describes the apparent movements of the Sun and related phenomena.
* Book IV is a similar description of the Moon and its orbital movements.
* Books V and VI are the exposition of the new system. They explain how to calculate the positions of astronomical objects based on the heliocentric model.

This book is often referred to as the start of modern science.
John Stewart Bell

**John Stewart Bell** (28 June 1928 – 1 October 1990) was a Northern Irish physicist who made great contributions to quantum physics, and especially to the question of what Heisenberg's uncertainty principle really tells us about the world.

He was born on Belfast, Northern Ireland, got his Bachelor of Science from Queen's University of Belfast in 1948, and his PhD from University of Birmingham in 1956.

## Other websites 
*Paper entitled "On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox" introduced Bell's theorem, 1964 (Direct download from: 
http://www.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Bell%20(1964)_Bell%27s%20theorem.pdf 
*"On the Problem of Hidden Variables in Quantum Mechanics" discussed the supposed existence of hidden variables, 1966. (Direct download from http://www.mugur-schachter.net/docsupload/autresPublications/autresPublications_doc2.pdf)
1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

The **1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake** was an earthquake that took place in the San Francisco Bay Area. It happened on October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. The earthquake caused over 67 deaths. It caused billions of dollars worth of property damage. The earthquake happened during one of the games of the 1989 World Series. Because of that, it is sometimes called the "World Series Quake".

## References
International Energy Agency

The **International Energy Agency** (**IEA**; ) is an autonomous intergovernmental organization for energy security created in 1974 after the 1973 oil crisis undr the flamework of OECD. It is based in Paris.  

On 1 September 2015, Fatih Birol succeeded the 2011 Executive Director of the IEA, Maria van der Hoeven.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site
ASAP

**ASAP** is an acronym that means "**A**s **s**oon **a**s **p**ossible". This means that something should be done as fast as it is able to be done.

**ASAP** may also mean:

* ASAP (band), a hard rock band fronted by Adrian Smith
* ASAP Mob, hip hop group
* ASAP Rocky, rapper
* ASAP Ferg, rapper
* AcceleratedSAP from SAP AG
* Asynchronous array of simple processors, AsAP processor architecture
* Academics Stand Against Poverty, a network of academics
* Aircraft Sales and Parts, a Canadian aircraft manufacturer
Machel Montano

**Machel Montano** (born 24 November 1974) is a soca artist from Trinidad and Tobago. He is the lead of the soca band Xtatik. He had his first hit as a youth with "Too Young To Soca". He then won the 1987 Caribbean Song Festival.
## Biography 
Montano was born in Curepe (Northwestern Trinidad), and his family moved to Siparia, (Southwestern Trinidad), when he was very young.[6] He attended Siparia Boys' R.C., then Presentation College, a prestigious secondary school in San Fernando, where he was in the choir led by Mrs Cynthia Lee-Mac.[6] Machel first shot to fame as a nine-year-old boy with the song "Too Young To Soca" while he was still in primary school. In 1984, along with his older brother Marcus and neighbours, the group Pranasonic Express was started and, in 1989, the band became Xtatik. In April, 1986, at the age of 11, Montano appeared on the mainstream television show, Star Search.[7] In 1987, he took part in the Trinidad and Tobago National Song Writers Festival, and placed second with his song "Dream Girl". He also won the Caribbean Song Festival in Barbados. Such a win made Machel the first Trinidadian and youngest contestant to win this competition.
## Soca 
He is the front-man of the soca band The HD Family, and is noted for his high energy, fast-paced, and often unpredictable on-stage performances. In 1987 he was the youngest finalist to ever win the Caribbean Song Festival. His career spans more than 30 years.[2] He now stands as one of the most well-known soca acts in the world, using his leverage as an artist able to sell out shows.[3] Recently he has moved to the Los Angeles area[4] and furthered his pursuit, saying: "I may not be the one to bring it forth, but in the meantime, I have a lot of work to do in order for something to happen." He is very well known in New York City, where he has had sold out concerts in Madison Square Garden many times over.
## Solo albums 
**Too Young to Soca?* 
**Soca Earthquake* (1987)
**Dr. Carnival* (1988)
**Katch Ya!* (1989)
**Breakin Out!* (1990)
**One Step Ahead!* (1991)
**2000 Young To Soca* (2000 Re-Edition)
**The Xtatik Experience* (2005)
**B.O.D.Y.* (2006)
**The Book of Angels* (2007)
**Flame on*, released as *Wining Season* in the United States (2008)
**Heavenly Drum* (2009)
**Album 34* (2010)
**The Return* (2011)
**Double M* (2012)
**Going for Gold* (2012)- Machel Montano and Friends
**Machelements (Volume 1)* (2013)
**Happiest Man Alive* (2014)
**Monk Monte* (2015)
**Monk Evolution* (2016)

## References
Lee Majors

**Lee Majors** (born April 23, 1939) is an American actor.

## Career 
Majors began his career in small roles for movie and television. One role was in *Strait-Jacket* (1964), with Joan Crawford.

In 1965, he got the role of Heath Barkley on the ABC series *The Big Valley*, with Barbara Stanwyck as the owner of the ranch, and mother of three of the Barkleys. Majors played the character for 112 episodes between 1965 and 1969. It was the first hit of his career.

After the success of *Big Valley*. Major starred in the TV movie *The Ballad of Andy Crocker* (1969). He played a man who, after returning from Vietnam, loses the most precious things in his life.

In 1970, he was invited to join the cast of *The Virginian*, starring James Drury. In *The Virginian*, the role played by Roy Tate, during the 1970-1971 season of the series.

In 1971, he played Jess Brandon, assistant attorney, in *Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law*.

In 1978, starred in the movie about Vikings *The Norseman*. Then came *Killer Fish* (1979) and *Agency* (1980) with Robert Mitchum. 

In 1980, he starred in the television remake of *High Noon*. In *High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane* (1980), Majors played Will Kane. In this movie were two big western stars David Carradine and Pernell Roberts.

In 1981, he returned to television. He was successful in a number of television series. In *The Fall Guy*, he played Colt Seavers, a stunt double who worked to solve criminal cases. The series was one of the biggest hits of Majors and remained in the air between 1981 and 1986.

In the 1990s, he co-starred in the series *Tour of Duty* and *Raven*. He was a guest star on the series *Daytona Beach* (1996) and  *Walker, Texas Ranger* (1998). In recent years he was a guest star on *Will & Grace* (2005), *Cold Case* (2007), *According to Jim* (2008), and *Human Target* (2010).

In 2011, the movie version of *The Big Valley* started being made. Majors plays Tom Barkley.  

## *The Six Million Dollar Man*  
One of Majors' most famous roles is that of Col. Steve Austin in the ABC series *The Six Million Dollar Man* (1974-1977).  In that series, he played an astronaut whose body was rebuilt with bionic parts after a plane crash. His co-star was the actor Richard Anderson.

There were three movies pilots: *The Six Million Dollar Man* (1973), *The Six Million Dollar Man: Wine, Women and War* (1973) and *The Six Million Dollar Man: Solid Gold Kidnapping* (1973). 

Majors was in a reunion movie, *The Return of the Six-Million-Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman* (1987), *Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman* (1989), and *Bionic Ever After?* (1994).

In 1977, Majors was nominated for a Golden Globe Award as best actor for *The Six Million Dollar Man*. 

## Filmography 
## References
* 
*  (original pilot)
*  (series)
* 
* *The Six Million Dollar Man*  at Nostalgia Central
* *The Six Million Dollar Man* at Jump The Shark