open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Microcontroller

from an Intel 8742, an 8-bit microcontroller that includes a CPU running at 12 MHz, 128 bytes of RAM, 2048 bytes of EPROM, and I/O in the same chip.]]

A **microcontroller** (abbreviated **MCU** or **µC**) is a computer system on a chip that does a job. It contains an integrated processor, memory (a small amount of RAM, program memory, or both), and programmable input/output peripherals, which are used to interact with electronic components connected to the chip. A **microcontroller** is different than a microprocessor, which only contains a CPU (the kind used in a Personal Computer).

First released in 1971 by the Intel company, microcontrollers began to become popular in their first few years. The extremely useful Intel 8008 microprocessor was then released, but it was still impractical because of high cost for each chip. These first microcontrollers combined different types of computer memory on one unit. After people began to see how useful they were, micro controllers were constantly being upgraded, with people trying to find new ways to make them better. Cost was reduced over time and by the early 2000s, microcontrollers were widely used across the world.

Other terms for a microcontroller are embedded system and embedded controller, because the microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into, or embedded in, a single chip.

In addition to the usual arithmetic and logic elements of a general microprocessor, the microcontroller also has additional elements such as RAM for data storage, read-only memory for program storage, flash memory for permanent data storage, and other devices (peripherals).

Microcontrollers often operate at very low speed compared to microprocessors used in smartphones and personal computers. Clock speeds may be as little as 32&nbsp;kHz, but this is useful for typical applications. They consume very little power (milliwatts or even micro watts).

Microcontrollers are used in automatic products and devices, such as car engine systems, remote controls, machines, appliances, power tools, and toys. These are called embedded systems. Microcontrollers can also be found at work in solar power and energy harvesting, anti-lock braking systems in cars, and have many uses in the medical field as well.

Like other integrated circuits, microcontrollers are designed on special masks, and are later treated with ultraviolet light, which creates special traces (usually made out of silicon) that build up different parts of the integrated circuit.  Modern microcontrollers may use technology producing silicon traces as small as 2µm.

## Related pages
* Arduino
* Atmel AVR
* Intel
* Microprocessor
* CPU
*Texas Instruments

## References
Melodrama

A **melodrama** is a dramatic or literary work where the plot is sensational. It appeals strongly to the emotions. It has crude characterization. Characters are simply-drawn, and stereotyped. 

Melodrama is a portmanteau word, formed by combining the words "melody" from the Greek "melōidía", meaning "song") and "drama". Originally it referred to the use of music in a play.

A melodrama is often a play with very simple characters: a villain, hero,  heroine, policeman, damsel in distress and an elderly person (which usually ends happily).  Melodramas were popular in the Victorian era on the stage and in novels. In the 20th century the term came to mean bad, crude art, lacking thought. It is rarely applied to the inclusion of music.
Skullhead

**Skullhead** was a Rock Against Communism band from Newcastle, England. Their type of music is a blend of rock, Oi!, and heavy metal music. The band and especially the lead singer Kev Turner, were also heavily influenced by the Odinist religion, to which many of their songs refer to.
Landser (band)

**Landser** is a Neo-Nazi, Rock Against Communism rock band from Germany. Because of laws in Germany against speaking badly about the people that died during the Holocaust of World War II, several members of the band were put in prison. 

The Supreme Court of Berlin sentenced the members of the band to prison and fines for forming a criminal union as well as for incitement of the people and the distribution of radically right-wing propaganda in December 2003.

In March 2005, the Federal Supreme Court in Karlsruhe upheld the prison sentence against a band member.  This was the first time that a band had been called a criminal association by the highest federal court.
Media player

**Media player** is a word that describes computer software that can play more than one type of media (multimedia). Media players can usually play both audio (sound) and video files.

Microsoft Windows comes with a media player already on it, Windows Media Player. Some other media players are Quicktime, iTunes, Real Player and Winamp. iTunes comes on every Mac computer.

## List of media players 
Many media players use libraries. The library helps you organize, or catalog, your music into categories such as genre, year, rating or other. Good examples of media players that include media libraries are Winamp, Windows Media Player, iTunes, RealPlayer, Amarok and ALLPlayer.

## Notes
#Other Winamp versions are Amiamp (AmigaOS), Dosamp (MS-DOS), and Macamp (Mac OS).
Muri bei Bern

**Muri bei Bern** is a township in Switzerland near Bern. In December 2005, it had a population of 12458 people. The township Muri is two small towns: Muri and Gümligen

## History
Muri has been populated since the time of the Romans, but it has only had the name Muri since 1180. It started as a little township with a little castle and some farmhouses. Between the 13th and 15th century it became a very rich township.

## Places of interest
*The Aare flows through Muri
*The castle of Muri
*The Villa Mettlen (a villa that is build from a rich man and now it is a music school)
*The church Muri
*The Auguetbrücke (an old bridge over the Aare)

## Geography
In Muri it has two big woods; The Hüendli-Wald and the Dentenberg-Wald. Around the Aare it has also a little woods. All together it has 150 hectares of woods, 190 hectares of grassland and 339 hectares of building land. Also Muri has a total area of 760 hectares.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official site
Quedlinburg

**Quedlinburg** (); Low Saxon: *Queddelnborg*) is a city in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is . 22,795 people lived there in 2005. Quedlinburg is  north of the Harz mountains. A small river called Bode flows through the city. In 1994, UNESCO added the old town Quedlinburg on the list of World Heritage Sites.

## History 
In the year 922 the name Quedlinburg was first mentioned in a paper from King Henry I the Fowler of Germany. In the first half of the 10th century the Hungarians with their horses attacked many places all over central Europe. King Henry built up a castle to give the farmers around a place to hide. In 936 the king died and his body was buried on the castle hill in Quedlinburg. His widow, Matilda, and his son, King Otto I, set up a convent for ladies. The tasks of this convent included the commemoration of King Henry I and the education of young ladies to get better chances to get married. This convent on the hill was dissolved in 1803. First abbess of the ladies-convent was Matilda, the daughter of King Otto I and granddaughter of Queen Matilda.
In the valley north of that hill in 994 King Otto III founded the old town. He was asked to do so by his aunt abbess Matilda.

This old town was used by merchants to sell and buy textiles and so it grew larger. In the middle of the 12th century a new town was created by the abbess of the ladies-convent. In 1330 both towns were united. They got stronger in power and in 1477 they tried to get totally independent of the abbess. But military troops sent by the brothers of the abbess occupied both towns.
All the citizens got under control of the abbess again. In 1541 the Protestant Reformation reached the convent and the town and everybody changed their beliefs to the Protestant religion.
Surprisingly during the Thirty Years' War the town was not destroyed because the abbess made diplomatic arrangements with all the bypassing military leaders.

## Geography and Climate 
The city is  north of the Harz mountains around  above sea water level . The nearby mountains reached about  above sea level. Most of the town is on the western side of the river Bode's bank. The town area covers around 78,15&nbsp;square kilometers.

The average temperature of the year is 8,8&nbsp;°C. January and February are the coldest months of the year, with an average temperature of 0,1&nbsp;°C and 0,4&nbsp;°C. July and August are the hottest months, with an average temperature of 17,8&nbsp;°C (63&nbsp;°F) and 17,2&nbsp;°C. The average annual rainfall is about 438&nbsp;millimetres. The rainfall occurs usually between May and September. Rain in Quedlinburg is among the lowest in Germany, which has an annual average around 800&nbsp;millimetres.

## Sister cities 
Quedlinburg has partnerships with 5 cities. Each of the 5 boroughs also has their sister cities, sometimes called twin towns.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official page
* Private homepage (in English)
Merovingian dynasty

The **Merovingians** were a dynasty of Frankish kings who ruled in the region of ancient Gaul (more or less modern France) from the 5th to the 8th centuries, when the Carolingian dynasty took control.

The Merovingians were sometimes referred to by people of the time as the "long-haired kings" (Latin *reges criniti*) since they symbolically had uncut hair (traditionally, the tribal leader of the Franks wore his hair long, and his warriors trimmed theirs short). The term is drawn directly from Germanic, akin to the dynasty's Old English name, *Merewīowing*.

The Merovingian dynasty owes its name to the semi-legendary Merovech (or Merowig, sometimes Latinised as *Meroveus* or *Merovius*), the leader of the Salian Franks from c.447 to 457. Clovis I went on to unite most of Gaul north of the Loire under his control around 486, when he defeated Syagrius, the Roman ruler in those parts. 

## Related pages
* Franks (main history of Frankish kingdoms)

## References 
* Beyerle, F and R. Buchner: *Lex Ribuaria* in *MGH*, Hannover 1954.
* Eugen Ewig: *Die Merowinger und das Frankenreich*. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2001.
* Patrick J. Geary: *Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World*, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
* Kaiser, Reinhold: *Das römische Erbe und das Merowingerreich*, (Enzyklopädie deutscher Geschichte 26) (München, 2004)
* Rouche, Michael: "Private life conquers State and Society" in Paul Veyne (ed.), *A History of Private Life: 1. From Pagan Rome to Byzantium*, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1987.
* Werner, Karl Ferdinand: *Die Ursprünge Frankreichs bis zum Jahr 1000*, Stuttgart 1989.
* Oman, Charles: *The Dark Ages 476-918*, London, 1914.
* Wood, Ian: "The Merovingian Kingdoms: 450-751", New York: Longman Press, 1994.

## Other websites 
* The Oxford Merovingian Page .
* *From Merovingians to Carolingians: Dynastic Change in Frankia* .
* Dr Deborah Vess: Merovingian and Carolingian bibliography, sources and web links .
Battle of Zama

The **Battle of Zama** was a battle in Carthage around 19 October 202 BC. It had elephants and ground infantry. The Roman Republic, led by Scipio Africanus, won against Carthaginians, led by Hannibal. It was the last battle in the Second Punic War..

## Other websites
Touchstone Pictures

**Touchstone Pictures** (also known as **Touchstone Films** in its early years) is one part of The Walt Disney Company. Touchstone was started in 1984. Its movies can be for older audiences than Walt Disney Pictures movies.  The company used to make television shows  *My Wife and Kids*, *The Golden Girls*, *Blossom*, *Boy Meets World*, *Desperate Housewives*, *Lost*, ''Grey's Anatomy,* and *Scrubs''.
Zerah Colburn

**Zerah Colburn** (born Cabot, Vermont, 1804; died 1839) was a child prodigy.  He became famous when he was a little boy because he could do unbelievably difficult sums very easily.  However, he wasted his talent and never became a useful mathematician.

Zerah’s father was a carpenter.  He and his wife had six children, and they had very little money.

When he was five he started to go to school.  After six weeks his father heard him doing multiplication sums.  His father asked him what 13 times 97 was.  The boy immediately said “1261”.

His father took him to Boston to show him to famous people.  They asked the boy questions: what is 1449 times 1449?  The boy said “2,099,601”.  Someone else asked him how many seconds there were in 2000 years.  He said “63,072,000,000”.

His father looked for rich people who would pay for the boy’s education.  In Boston $5000 was raised so that he did not have to be shown off in public all the time.  Nevertheless, his father took him to Europe.  In London people asked him more questions, e.g. is 4,294,967,297 a prime number?  The boy said “No, it can be divided by 641”.

People wanted the boy to explain how he did these calculations, but he could not say how he did it.  He became famous.  Napoleon was going to meet him, but he lost the Battle of Waterloo and was not able to make the visit.  He went to school in Paris and then in London, but by the time he was 15 people were not interested in helping him any more.  He joined a touring group of actors and got the part of Richard III in the play by Shakespeare.  He met William Rowan Hamilton who was also a prodigy and who did become a famous mathematician.  Zerah soon got fed up with mathematics and became a Methodist minister.  He taught languages at Norwich University in Vermont.  He wrote an autobiography in which he tried to explain how he did his calculations.

When he died most people had forgotten about him.

His nephew, also named Zerah Colburn, was a famous locomotive designer.

## Trivia
Zerah, like his father, had 12 fingers and 12 toes.

## Other websites 
* Famous Americans: article on him and his nephew
* Account of his life
Sean Paul

**Sean Paul Ryan Francis Henriques** (born 9 January 1973) is a Jamaican deejay, singer, and rapper. Sean Paul appeared as himself in the 1998 movie *Belly*. In 2000 he released his first album, *Stage One*. In 2003 Sean Paul had his first number one single. He was featured on Beyoncé Knowles' 2003 number one single "Baby Boy". In 2003 he also rapped on Blu Cantrell's UK number one single "Breathe". In 2006 Sean Paul rapped in Rihanna's single "Break It Off". He rapped on Pitbull's 2011 single "Shake Señora" with T-Pain. Sean Paul's sixth album *Full Frequency* will be released on February 18, 2014. The first single off the album, "Other Side of Love", was released to iTunes on September 10, 2013. It reached number one in the UK R&B Chart. *Full Frequency* includes songs with Nicki Minaj, 2 Chainz, Juicy J, and Iggy Azalea.

## Filmography 
## Discography 
* *Stage One* (2000)
* *Dutty Rock* (2002)
* *The Trinity* (2005)
* *Imperial Blaze* (2009)
* *Tomahawk Technique* (2012)
* *Other Side of Love* (2014)

## Filmography 
## Awards 
* 2004: Grammy Award - Best Reggae Album (*Dutty Rock*)
* 2005: Billboard Music Award - Best selling Reggae Artist of the Year
* 2005: Billboard Music Award - Top Selling Reggae Album of the Year (*The Trinity*)
* 2006: Priya Awards - Best Hardman
* 2006: American Music Awards- Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist
* 2006: Billboard Music Awards - Hot 100 single of the year "Temperature"
* 2007: Jamaican Awards - Best male reggae singer
* 2012: MTV Video Music Awards Japan - Best Reggae Video
* 2012: MOBO Awards - Best Reggae Act
* 2013: MOBO Awards - Best reggae act

## References
## Other websites 
* Official site
*
United States Coast Guard

The **United States Coast Guard** is one of the six branches of the military of the United States and is part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The Coast Guard's purpose is to protect the people, environment, industry, and security of the United States on seas, lakes, and rivers. To do so, the Coast Guard uses boats, ships, helicopters, and airplanes to stop smuggling and other crime and terrorism and to rescue ships and boats in danger.

The Coast Guard traces its roots back to the United States Revenue Cutter Service, which was created by Congress on 4 August 1790. As such, the Coast Guard is the oldest  seagoing service of the United States. 

The modern United States Coast Guard was started on January 28, 1915. This is when the U. S. Congress ordered the United States Revenue Cutter Service and the United States Life-Saving Service to merge into a single service. The Coast Guard can become part of the U.S. Department of the Navy during wartime, but that is not the case now. It became part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in 2003.

## History 
The U.S. Revenue Cutter Service (USRCS) was set up in 1790 when U.S. President George Washington signed an act allowing the building of 10 boats called "cutters." The service was first suggested in a letter by Alexander Hamilton as a way to collect tariffs that were being lost to smuggling. It also had the task of making sure that shipments of goods from the United States got through to markets in other countries. when Congress formalized the existence of the new organization. In 1939, the Lighthouse Service was brought under the Coast Guard's purview. In 1942, the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation was transferred to the Coast Guard.
In 1967, the Coast Guard moved from the U.S. Department of the Treasury to the newly-formed U.S. Department of Transportation, an arrangement that lasted until it was placed under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in 2003 as part of legislation that was designed to protect American interests more efficiently after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001.

In wartime, the Coast Guard or individual components of it can operate as a service of the U.S. Department of the Navy. That arrangement has a broad historical basis, as the Coast Guard has been involved in wars as diverse as the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, and the American Civil War, the last of which had the cutter *Harriet Lane* fire the first naval shots attempting to relieve the besieged Fort Sumter. The last time that the Coast Guard operated as a whole within the Navy was during World War II. Military and combat units of the Coast Guard more often operate under Navy or joint operational control, with other Coast Guard units remaining under the Department of Homeland Security.  

## Notes 
## References
Dale Earnhardt

**Ralph Dale Earnhardt, Sr.** (April 29, 1951 – February 18, 2001) was an American NASCAR driver. He is the father of race car driver Dale Earnhardt, Jr. He started Dale Earnhardt, Inc., also called DEI. Earnhardt died in a crash during the Daytona 500 in 2001. The accident happened a few seconds before his own son came second in that race, and a DEI car driven by Michael Waltrip won the race. He died because he was trying to hold everybody back so his son (Dale Earnhardt Jr.) could maybe win the race. While he was trying to do that, someone bumped his car, he lost control and crashed into the wall. After that they took him to the hospital and he died.

## Early life 
Earnhardt respected his father, who quit school in sixth grade, His father worked hard and started driving for NASCAR, eventually entering the NASCAR Hall-of-Fame.

## References 
## Other websites
Pir Sultan Abdal

**Pir Sultan Abdal** (ca. 1480 - 1550) was an Alevit poet. Alevits are the members of the Alevitism, a faith community in Islam.

He lived in Turkey and wrote his poems in Turkish. In his poems, he used a direct and clear language. The richness of his thoughts and the beauty of his writing made him very popular to the Turks and Kurds and also the members of the Suni sect of Islam. Pir Sultan Abdal wrote about the social, cultural and religious life of the people. He was a humanist, and wrote about love, peace, death and God. He was also rebellious against Ottoman Empire.

## Poetry 
## References
Cuneiform

at Van Fortress in Turkey, written in Old Persian, Akkadian, and Elamite]]

**Cuneiform script** is one of the earliest known systems of writing. It used wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made by a reed stylus. The name *cuneiform* itself means "wedge shaped", from the Latin *cuneus* "wedge" and *forma* "shape". It came into English usage probably from the Old French *cunéiforme.*

It was first used in Sumer in the late 4th millennium BC (the 'Uruk IV' period). Cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs. In the third millennium, the signs became simplified and more abstract. Fewer characters were used, from about 1,000 in the early Bronze Age to about 400 in late Bronze Age (Hittite cuneiform). The system  used a combination of phonetic, consonantal alphabetic (no vowels) and syllabic signs.

The original Sumerian script was adapted for the writing of the Akkadian, Eblaite, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian, Hattic, Hurrian, and Urartian languages, and it inspired the Ugaritic and Old Persian alphabets. Cuneiform writing was gradually replaced by the Phoenician alphabet during the Neo-Assyrian Empire. By the 2nd century BC, the script was extinct. All knowledge of how to read it was lost until it began to be deciphered in the 19th century.

## References
Menes

**Menes** was a pharaoh of the first dynasty of ancient Egypt. He lived ca. 3100-3000 BC. He brought together Upper and Lower Egypt to make an empire. He wore the Pschent or double crown: the white crown of Upper Egypt and the red crown of Lower Egypt. He built the city of Memphis and made it the capital.

There is a lot of archeological evidence that there was a pharaoh named Narmer, but little evidence for a pharaoh named Menes.  It is now believed that Menes was either Narmer, the pharaoh before Narmer, or Hor-Aha, who ruled after him.

More than 2000 years later Manetho, an Egyptian historian, wrote that Menes ruled for 62 years and was killed by a hippopotamus.

An image of Menes holding an ankh is on the frieze on the south wall of the U.S. Supreme Court building.

## References 
* Kinnaer, Jacques. *What is Really Known About the Narmer Palette?*, KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt, Spring 2004.
*Toby A. H. Wilkinson, *Early Dynastic Egypt*, Routledge, London/New York 1999, , 70-71

## Notes
## Other websites 
*Narmer: Titulary
Zama

**Zama** can be:
## Places
*Zama, Kanagawa, a city of Kanagawa prefecture, Japan
*Zama City is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada

### Other places
*Camp Zama, a United States Army base in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan
*Other name of Tulum, a Maya site in Mexico
*Zama Lake is a large lake in northern Alberta, Canada

## Other meanings
*Battle of Zama fought in Zama Minor
*Zama alloy is a name for an alloy made of zinc, aluminium, copper and magnesium
**Zama*, a Spanish/Argentinean film
Ra

*This article is about the Egyptian Sun god Ra or Re. For the chemical element, see Radium*

In Egyptian mythology, **Ra** was the god of the sun, light, day, creation, life, ressurection, truth, prophecy, sight, sky, heaven, order and kings . He was the most important god in Ancient Egypt. 

He had many names, such as Amun-Ra. It was said he was born each morning in the East, and died each night in the West. In the night he travelled through the underworld. This is why the west side of the Nile was known as the land of the dead. He had the head of a Falcon, the body of a man, and was the king of the Egyptian gods.

## Name 
Ra was thought to be the god of the sun and creation. Ra’s name came from Re and Amun. The name Re was from Upper Egypt and the name Amun came from Lower Egypt. When Upper and Lower Egypt came together they changed the name to Amun-Re. Over thousands of years the name Amun-Re evolved into Amun-Ra and then just to Ra. From then on people called him Re or Ra. Ra used to mean “mouth” in the Egyptian language. Some names are: Re, the Creator, Khepry, etc.

## Looks 
Ra has many forms. His best-known form is the man with the head of a falcon and the sun disk above him. He may also be depicted as a scarab beetle or a man. One is Amun-Ra, which is a ram and the other, Ra-Hakorthaty which is a sky sun god.

## References 
# Remler, Pat, *Egyptian Mythology from A-Z* 180-181
# Watterson, Barbara, *Gods of ancient Egypt*
# Wilkinson, Richard, *The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt*
# John, Banes and Jaromir, Malek, *The Cultural Atlas of the World: Ancient Egypt* 173

## Other websites 
* http://www.fruitofthenile.com/Ra.htm 
* http://www.egyptartsite.com/Ra.html
* http://ancient-egypt-online.com/egypt-god-amon-re.html 
* http://www.ancient-mythology.com./egyptian/ra.php
Jim Morrison

**James Douglas (Jim) Morrison** (December 8, 1943 – July 3, 1971) was an American musician. He was the lead singer of rock band The Doors.

## Early years 
Morrison was of English, Scottish and Irish descent. His father was an officer for the United States Navy. This meant that he moved around very often. Morrison did not have many friends and read many books. When he went to high school in 1962, his teacher was amazed by his culture. In 1964 he went to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

## The Doors 
One day in Venice Beach, Morrison saw Ray Manzarek. Manzarek had also gone to UCLA. Morrison sang some verses of *Moonlight Drive*. Manzarek liked the intensity of the words to the song and asked Morrison to form a rock band with him. Morrison agreed and came up with the name "The Doors". The name was a reference of the Aldous Huxley book *The Doors of Perception* whose name came from a verse of the famous poet William Blake; "If the doors of perception were cleansed everything would appear to man as it is, infinite." The Doors was formed by Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, John Densmore and Robby Krieger. In the beginning, Morrison would sing without looking the audience. After a while, he learned the play with them instead. He would jump and fall at stage with screams and jokes, inspired by rock idol Nick Serven.

Morrison became very famous all over the world as a poet, singer and sex symbol. Morrison had a problem with alcohol. He drank a lot and later albums were not as good as the first one. He wrote more poems and thought about stopping his career with The Doors. He took some drugs (mainly LSD) and become an addict. In 1969, in Miami, it was said that he was drunk and "exposed" himself.

Morrison was inducted, as a member of The Doors, into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.

## Death 
The last album, *L.A. Woman* was released in 1971. It is thought to be one of the band's best albums. That year Morrison decided to take a break and go to Paris. On July 3, he was found dead in his bathroom. The cause of his death was heart failure, although no official autopsy took place. Other people think it could have been a murder. His grave is at the Père-Lachaise, at the same place as Oscar Wilde, Molière and many other great poets and authors.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from the United States

## References
## Other websites 
* The Doors Official Webpage
* MusicChain - Jim Morrison 
* Earliest film of Jim Morrison
* Morrison interviewed at the Miami trial (video)
DreamWorks Pictures

**DreamWorks Pictures**, officially called **DW II Distribution Co., LLC**, also known as **DreamWorks, LLC**, **DreamWorks SKG**, **DreamWorks Studios** or **DW Studios, LLC**, is an American movie studio. It has made or sold more than ten movies which made more than $100&nbsp;million each at the box-office.

## History
DreamWorks began in 1994. It was founded by Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen (making the **SKG** at the bottom of the DreamWorks logo). They own 72% of the company. In December 2005, the founders agreed to sell the studio to Paramount Pictures. The sale was done in February 2006. In 2008, DreamWorks announced that it would split from Paramount. It signed a $1.5&nbsp;billion deal to make movies with India's Reliance ADA Group. Reliance gave $325M to help recreate DreamWorks studio as its own company. Clark Hallren led the Reliance team in making plans for the company. The movie studio is 50% owned by Reliance. Reliance is led by Anil Ambani.

The part of DreamWorks which makes animations was made into DreamWorks Animation SKG in 2004.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official site
Cathy Freeman

**Cathy Freeman**, OAM (born 16 February 1973) is a retired Australian sprinter. She ran mostly in the 400&nbsp;metres event. She became the Olympic champion for the women's 400&nbsp;metres at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She lit the Olympic Flame at the beginning of the 2000 games. She has won several medals at the Commonwealth Games, the Olympics, and the IAAF World Championships. She retired from athletics in 2003.

Freeman was born in Slade Point, Mackay, Queensland. She is Aboriginal.

In 1998, she was awarded Australian of the Year. In 2001, she was given both the World Sportswoman of the Year and the Medal of the Order of Australia.

## References
## Other websites
Paris Hilton

**Paris Whitney Hilton** (born February 17, 1981)

## Career 
### As a model 
When Paris Hilton was a child she began modeling, most often at charity events. When she was 19, she joined with Donald Trump's modeling agency, T Management. Hilton has also worked with Ford Models in New York, Models 1 Agency in London, Nous Model Management in Los Angeles, and Premier Model Management in London. Her picture is in many advertisements, and some of them are Iceberg Vodka, GUESS, Tommy Hilfiger, Christian Dior, and Marciano. In 2001, people started looking at her as a socialite, and everyone called her "New York's leading 'It Girl'" (a girl who is good at knowing what clothes are stylish to wear and knows the latest gossip).

### Actress film roles 
Paris Hilton has appeared in a few movies. Her biggest role was in a scary movie called *The House of Wax*.  She also played small roles, called cameo roles, in the movies *Zoolander*, *Wonderland*, and *The Cat In The Hat*. She played supporting roles in *Nine Lives, Raising Helen*, and *The Hillzu*. She was the hottie in the 2008 movie *The Hottie and the Naughty*. More recently, Hilton plays Amber Sweet, the surgery- and painkiller-addicted daughter of a biotech  in the goth/rock musical *Repo! The Genetic Opera*. Hilton is most famous in her movie career for a sex tape she filmed with then-boyfriend Rick Salomon. The tape was soon leaked onto the internet and became very famous. It features Hilton performing oral sex on Solomon and copulating with him and features some night-vision camera.

### Reality television 
Paris Hilton is known for television shows the *Simple Life* and *The Simple Life 2*. She did the show with her friend Nicole Richie. It was broadcasted on FOX TV until 2004 and was then picked up by E! Network for two more seasons before cancellation in 2006. Hilton mclaren p1 has also played guest roles, in episodes of The O.C., The George Lopez Show, Las Vegas, American Dreams, Dogg After Dark, and Veronica Mars. Also, she was in a few music videos, for example "It Girl" by John Oates and "Just Lose It" by clawfinger zeroes and heroes . In April 2008, she guest starred on the My Name is Earl episode "I Won't Die with a Little Help from My Friends". Another famous show she is on right now is ''Paris Hilton's My New BFF''. On this show girls try to become Paris's new best friend.

### Singer 
Paris released her debut studio album which is called *Paris*. They include the songs *Screwed*, and *Stars are Blind*, which was a hit in 17 different countries.

### Author 
In early 2004, Paris Hilton began selling a book about herself, *Confessions of an Heiress: A Tongue-in-Chic Peek Behind the Pose*, which was mostly written by Merle Ginsberg. The book has hundreds of photographs of her and contains her advice on life as an heiress. Hilton reportedly received a $100,000 advance payment for this book.  The book was made fun of by Robert Mundell on The Late Show with David Letterman. The book became a New York Times bestseller. Hilton then made a designer diary, also mostly made by Merle Ginsberg, called *Your Heiress Diary: Confess It All to Me*.

## References
Amun

In Egyptian mythology, **Amun** was worshipped as a very powerful god, often being combined with Ra to form the god **Amun-Ra**. At one point in Egyptian history, he was known as, "King of the Gods."

**Amun** (also spelled **Ammon**) became one of the most important deities in Ancient Egypt, and in later years, combined with Horus into one god.

He began as a Theban wind and fertility god, before being recognized as the supreme deity, with most of Egypt's vast wealth dedicated to his temple.

Around the second millennium B.C.E., Thebes' worship of Amun grew so powerful that it threatened worship of then-primary sun god, Ra, which eventually resulted in these two deities also being recognized as one god.

Amun-Ra was hailed as a national god, the creator of the universe, the pharaoh's personal protector, and the god of war.

## Origin of name
Amun's name is first recorded as *Imn*, meaning, "The hidden (one)." Vowels were not written in Egyptian hieroglyphics, but Egyptologists believe the name survives into the Coptic language as *Amoun.*

## Inception and historical influence
Worshippers of Amun recorded in their texts that he had created himself, then created everything else, while remaining distant from the rest of the world. Amun may potentially be one of the original creator gods in human religion.  

Amun was depicted in human form, seated on a throne, wearing a plain, deep circlet with two straight parallel plumes above it, which may serve as symbolism of being without a father, and were almost certainly representative of his former status as a wind god.  

When Amun had become more culturally significant than Menthu, the latter became known as the son of Amun. However, as Mut was infertile, it was believed that she and Amun had adopted Menthu rather than conceiving him.

Ammon creator worship was introduced to Greece at an early period, probably through the medium of the Greek colony in Cyrene, which must have formed a connection with the great oracle of Ammon in the Oasis soon after its establishment.

When Alexander the Great invaded Egypt in 332 B.C.E., he was pronounced the metaphorical son of Amun, thus conquering Egypt without a fight, and currency began depicting Alexander as being adorned with the horns of Ammon.

This tradition continued for centuries, with Alexander being referred to in the Qur'an as, "Dhu al-Qarnayn (The Two-Horned One)," a reference to his depiction on Middle Eastern coins.

## Photos 
## References
*David Klotz, *Adoration of the Ram: five hymns to Amun-Re from Hibis Temple* (New Haven, 2006therwebAnint gypt: th Myth Clasical Dictionary:
Aten

and his family adoring the Aten]]

**Aten** is the disk of the Sun in ancient Egyptian mythology, and an aspect of the Sun-god Ra. Aten was pictured as a sun with rays that ended in hands.

The deified Aten is the focus of the  monotheistic religion of Atenism established by Amenhotep IV, who later took the name Akhenaten in worship and recognition of the Aten. In his poem *Great Hymn to the Aten*, Akhenaten praises Aten as the creator, and giver of life. Akhenaten was the first person to attempt to make a monotheistic religion.

The worship of Aten was eradicated by Horemheb.

## References 
*Collier, Mark and Manley, Bill.  *How to read Egyptian hieroglyphs*. 2nd ed, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
Clam

A **clam** is a type of shellfish. Clams can be found in saltwater and freshwater. This is a common usage term, and so includes quite a variety of shellfish. Clams are a fairly common form of bivalve, therefore making it part of the phylum Mollusc. There are many clams in the ocean, but some can also be found in some lakes, streams, and rivers.

The word 'clam' is often applied to those that are edible and live most of their lives halfway buried in the seafloor. Clams have two shells of equal size connected by two aductor muscles and have a powerful burrowing foot. 

Clams for cooking do not live attached to rocks (whereas oysters and mussels do). Clams are often got by digging and cooked and served as clam chowder. They may be found on menus in restaurants that serve seafood.

Clams eat plankton, and are eaten by small sharks and squid. 
Clams have a burrowing foot that they use to dig down into the sand or mud to hide.

The shell has three layers. The top one is called mother-of-pearl because it is a coating of pearl material.  

A living freshwater clam can work like a filter in fish tanks to keep the water clean.

## Life span 
Some clams have life cycles of only one year, while at least one may be over 500 years old. All clams have two calcareous shells or valves joined near a hinge with a flexible ligament, and all are filter feeders.

## References
## Other websites
Hokkaido Wolf

The **Hokkaido wolf** *(Canis lupus hattai)* is a subspecies of Gray Wolf. Scientists believe it became extinct in 1889. There are people who said to have seen some Hokkaido wolves after that year, but there is no proof that they actually did.

In the Meiji Restoration in Japan, Japanese farmers wanted to have American-style ranches for raising livestock. A US farmer named Edwin Dun started to import livestock to Japan. When the wolves began attacking the livestock, the farmers started to kill them, by using poison.

## Related pages
* Werewolf

## References
Ian Thorpe

**Ian Thorpe** (born 13 October 1982 in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian swimmer. He won five gold medals at Olympic Games. He was the only swimmer who has won six gold medals in one World Championships (which he did in 2001) until Michael Phelps won seven in 2007.  He is known for having large feet. At the age of 14, he became the youngest male ever to represent Australia,

A large baby, Thorpe weighed 4.1 kg (9.02 lb) and measured 0.59 m (1 ft 11 in) in length at birth.

On 12 July 2014, Thorpe revealed he is gay. 

## References
## Other websites
Sting (disambiguation)

A **sting** is an injury which a person receives from a stinger. Animals such as bees have them. They tend to hurt a lot and have several different cures.

Sting may also refer to:
*Sting, English singer
*Sting (wrestler), American professional wrestler
Bamberg (district)

**Bamberg** (; Main-Franconian: ) is a district in Bavaria, Germany. About 145,000 people live there.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities 
(in 2007)

### Towns 
### Market Towns 
### Municipalities 
### Verwaltungsgemeinschaften (Collective Municipalities) 
## References
## Other websites 
*Official website (German)
*Links to municipalities
Doom metal

**Doom metal** is a form of heavy metal. The music sounds heavy and it is slower than other metal genres. Lyrics play a very important part in this genre. They are normally about sad subjects like pain, death and pessimism.

## Doom metal bands
*Candlemass
*My Dying Bride
*Type O Negative
*The 3rd and the Mortal
*Saint Vitus
*Trouble
*Pentagram
*The Obsessed
*Solitude Aeturnus

## References
Candlemass

**Candlemass** is a doom metal band from Sweden. The band was formed in 1984 in Stockholm.

## Other websites 
*Candlemass Official Website
Split album

A **split album** is a music album which includes tracks by two or three separate artists.

## History 
Split albums were once made on vinyl records. One artist would record music on one side, and the other artist would record music on the other side. Vinyls would then become out of date, and CDs came around. A CD isn't really turned over the same way a vinyl record is, but the term "sides" is still used. Since the 1980's, the format was used by many record labels and artists in punk, hardcore punk, grindcore, black metal, noise, and indie rock.
Theo Jörgensmann

**Theo Jörgensmann** (29 September 1948 &ndash; 7 October 2025) was a German jazz clarinet player and composer. He was born in Bottrop, Germany.

Jörgensmann died on 7 October 2025 in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany at the age of 77.

## Discography
* Contact 4tett *Loud Enough To Rock The Kraut* (2015)
* Cinemascope  *Oriental Traces*  (2010)
* Trio Hot *Jink* (2009)
* Oles Jörgensmann Oles *Live in Poznan 2006* (2007)
* Theo Jörgensmann *Fellowship* (2005)
* Theo Jörgensmann Quartet *Hybrid Identity* (2002)

## References
## Other websites 
*Theo Jörgensmann Quartet 
*Allmusic Guide
Camille Dalmais

in 2009.]]
**Camille Dalmais** (born 1978, Paris, France) is a French singer. She is famous in France. Her first album was made in 2002.

## References
Age of Mythology: The Titans

***Age of Mythology: The Titans*** is a 2003 computer game made by Ensemble Studios. It is an expansion pack to *Age of Mythology*.
Germanicus

**Germanicus Caesar** (24 May 15 BC – 10 October 19 AD) was a Roman general. He was the son of the general Nero Claudius Drusus, and nephew of Emperor Tiberius. He was the father of Caligula.

Germanicus commanded the Roman forces in their campaign of 14/16 AD against the Germanic tribes. Three whole Roman legions had been wiped out in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD. It was the greatest disaster in Roman military history.

Plans for the revenge were started by the Emperor Augustus, and put into effect by his successor Tiberius. Germanicus had command of eight legions, one-third of the Roman Army. He destroyed the opposing German tribes, and recovered two of the three symbolic legionary eagles which had been lost. He was called back by Tiberius after he crossed the Rhine. The reasons for the recall are not agreed, but Augustus had set the Rhine as the limit of Rome's ambitions in Germany.

Germanicus was given an official triumph. A contemporary calendar gives 26 May as the day in which "Germanicus Caesar was borne into the city in triumph". Coins issued under his son Gaius (Caligula) depicted him on a triumphal chariot, with the reverse reading "Standards Recovered. Germans Defeated".

In AD 18 he was given charge of the eastern part of the empire and fought in Asia and Egypt. Germanicus died in Syria of unknown causes.

## References
PS10 solar power plant

The **PS10 Solar Power Plant** () is a solar power plant in Sanlucar la Mayor, Spain.

The plant is made up of a tower in the center of a large field covered in many mirrors. Each of the 624 moveable mirrors has an area of 120 m2 (1290 ft2). The mirrors reflect the light from the Sun to the top of the tower. The heat warms water within pipes in the central tower turning it into steam. The steam drives turbines which, at their peak, put out 11 MW of electricity.

The planet is good for providing electricity during the hottest parts of the day when air conditioning demand is the highest.

## Related pages
*Solar power
*Power station
*Electricity

## References
Feyenoord

**Feyenoord Rotterdam** is a Dutch football team from Rotterdam. They play their home matches in the Feijenoord Stadium, also called De Kuip.  Feyenoord is created on July 19,1908. Their home uniform is a red and white shirt with black shorts and black socks. Their away colours for the 2007/2008 season are a black, red and white shirt with black shorts and black socks. They play in the Eredivisie, which is the highest football competition in The Netherlands. Everytime Feyenoord scores at home, the song *I Will Survive* by The Hermes House band is played.

## League position 
### Former position 
## Other websites 
* Feyenoord.com - Official website 
* Official Feyenoord YouTube website 
* Official Feyenoord Live.com website  
* Official website on the club's 100th anniversary
Headquarters

headquarters in New York City.]]

The term "**headquarters**" refers to the main building or location of an organization where a majority of its functions are made. Large corporations typically have headquarters that oversee and control their business operations. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) also have headquarter buildings where their activities are managed.

In the context of law enforcement, headquarters for agencies can be found in large buildings located within cities, towns, counties, or states, serving as the central hub for their operations.

For example, some fire departments may have their headquarters situated within a fire station to accommodate administrative staff and operational units. Alternatively, many fire departments have separate headquarter buildings dedicated to administrative functions.

In military contexts, the term is applied similarly.

In the United States Military, all units within the Army and Marine Corps have buildings for their headquarters staff, which handle administrative responsibilities for companies, battalions, regiments, and other military units.
National Theatre (Prague)

The ***Národní Divadlo*** or the **National Theatre** in Prague is a very famous building which has been very important for more than 150 years for the culture of Czech history.

In the middle of the 19th century there were a lot of political changes in Europe.  Prague had been part of the Austrian Empire.  The official language was German.  Bohemia (which included Prague) and Moravia now form the area of the Czech Republic.  In the 19th century the Czechs in these areas wanted to be able to put on plays and operas in the Czech language.  The National Theatre was built at a time when this was starting to become possible.

The National Theatre was built because the Czech people wanted their own national identity. The first stone was laid on May 16, 1868.  It was opened  on June 11 1881 to honour the visit of Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria. Another 11 performances were given after that. Then the theatre was closed down to finish the building.  While people were working to finish it  a fire broke out on August 12 1881 which destroyed most of it.  However, a lot of money was found and it was built again and opened on November 18 1883 with a performance of Smetana’s opera *Libuše* which he had composed for this occasion.  The story of the opera is based on a mythological story about how Prague began.

It was an excellent theatre, and it was not until 1977 that any more re-building was necessary.  Then it was closed for six years, and opened again in time for the 100th anniversary of its opening: on November 18 1983. On that day again there was a performance of Smetana’s *Libuše*.

Today the National Theatre has three ensembles (groups of people): opera, ballet and drama.  These ensembles all perform in the National Theatre, the Estates Theatre and the Theatre Kolowrat. They put on a lot of Czech plays and operas, but also productions from other parts of the world.

## Other websites 
* Prague National Theatre
Drone (music)

In music, a **drone** is a  note which sounds all the time while a piece of music is played.  Some folk instruments always make a drone when they are played: bagpipes and hurdy gurdies in European culture, sitars in Indian music, and many other instruments in Asian and African music.  Sometimes more than one drone is heard (often two notes which are a fifth apart).

Music with drones has to have simple harmonies because it is not possible to modulate to different keys.  Other things can make up for this, for example, Scottish bagpipe music has lots of little ornamental notes to make it interesting.

Some Western Composers  liked to use a drone (especially one in fifths) to make it sound like bagpipes or other folk instruments.  Bach, François Couperin and other Baroque composers often called such pieces "Musette" (the French for "bagpipes").  Sometimes they did this in orchestral music: Haydn used a drone in the last part of his Symphony No. 104 to accompany a folk tune.

## Related pages
*Pedal point