open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Manganese Mines

**Manganese Mines** is a small rural community in Colchester County, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is northeast of the town of Truro. The place is named after manganese, a metal that people mined there long ago.

The community is also home to **Gittens Lodge**, a place where students and groups learn about nature.

## Where it is 
Manganese Mines is in the countryside. It has farms, forests, rivers, and wetlands. Part of the land is protected as the Manganese Mines Wildlife Management Area. This area helps protect animals and plants, and hunting is not allowed by law.

## History 
### Early history 
People from New England moved to central Nova Scotia in the 1700s to farm and start towns. The rural area around Truro, including where Manganese Mines is today, grew at that time.

### Mining history 
In the late 1800s, people found manganese rock in the area. Manganese is a metal used to make steel stronger. Small mines were active in the 1880s and 1890s. About 1,800 tons of manganese were taken from the ground before the mines closed.

Later, people also dug limestone nearby to make cement. That work stopped in the 1990s.

### Recent news 
In May 2025, a small wildfire burned near Manganese Mines on Old Pictou Road. Some people were asked to leave their homes to be safe. The fire was brought under control, and people could return. This was reported by CBC News.

In 2022, police investigated gunshots on McLeod Road in Manganese Mines. McLeod Road is the road that goes to Gittens Lodge. This was reported by Global News and confirmed by the lodge’s address on an NSCC information sheet.

## Gittens Lodge 
**Gittens Lodge** is a building in the woods at Manganese Mines. It is owned and run by the Nova Scotia Community College (NSCC). Schools and groups visit the lodge to learn about forests, animals, and nature.

### History of the lodge 
Gittens Lodge was planned in 1969 by two teachers, **Ted Gittens** and **Verl Short**. A paper company (Scott Paper) leased the land to the teachers’ college. The lodge was built from 1971 to 1973, with wood and help given by local groups.

Many children and adults visit the lodge each year for nature study and group stays. The forest around the lodge has marked study sites used for learning about plants and animals.

## Notable people 
* **Ted Gittens** – a teacher who helped create Gittens Lodge.
* **Verl Short** – a school leader who also helped start Gittens Lodge.

## Nature protection 
The **Manganese Mines Wildlife Management Area** was created in 1973 to protect forests, wetlands, and wildlife. The Government of Nova Scotia manages it, and the official record is also kept by the Government of Canada.

## References
Richard Prince

**Richard Prince** (born August 6, 1949, Panama Canal Zone) is an American painter and photographer. 

He can be considered an appropriation artist. He became famous for his paintings of jokes and nurses, and by his own photographs of other photographs, taken by other people. His most famous photographic series is named *Untitled (Cowboy)*, and dedicated to American cowboys.

## References
Adenomera ajurauna

***Adenomera ajurauna*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body
This frog is 17.18–19.95 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is brown in color. This frog has a dark brown throat. The iris of the eye is bronze in color. Some frogs are lighter in color than others. Lighter frogs have a mark shaped like a triangle on their faces.

## Name
Scientists named this frog *ajurauna* from the Tupi language's *ajura* for "throat" and *una* for "black."

## Home
This frog lives in Atlantic forests. People also see it in small pieces of forest and next to eucalyptus tree farms. Scientists have seen this frog between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places, for example Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar and Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho.

## Young
The male frog sits on the dead leaves on the ground and calls to the female frogs. This frog puts eggs underground, and the tadpoles grow there.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, people build towns where the frog lives.

## References
Madison Keys

**Madison Keys** is a professional women's tennis player from the United States. She won the 2025 Australian Open, beating World No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka in the final. Her highest ranking is World No. 5 achieved in February 2025. She reached the finals of the 2017 US Open, where she lost to American Sloane Stephens. Keys reached the semifinals of the 2018 French Open. Her best results at the Wimbledon Championships were in 2015 and 2023 when she made it to the quarterfinals.

## References
Iminium

**Iminium** is a type of polyatomic ion made from adding a hydrogen atom or other organic functional group to the nitrogen atom of an imine.

Eschenmoser's salt and the Vilsmeier reagent are important dimethyliminium salts.

## Structure 
Iminium ions are isoelectronic with alkenes, and have a similar shape: the atoms on the double bond have trigonal planar molecular geometry in the same plane.

Most iminium ions exist as resonance hybrids between an iminium form and carbenium form:
:
The iminium form is normally more stable, so it contributes more to resonance than the carbenium form.

## Sources
Universidade Regional do Cariri

The **Universidade Regional do Cariri** (URCA) (English: **Cariri Regional University**) is a brazilian state public university with its main offices in the city of Crato, located in Ceará state. It also has other campuses in the city of Juazeiro do Norte and small units in Iguatu, Campus Sales and Missão Velha. Also, it includes the Plácido Cidade Nuvens Museum of Paleontology in Santana do Cariri. URCA has about 12.500 students from 111 towns in the states of Ceará, Piauí, Pernambuco and Paraíba. These students study in undergraduated, special, and postgraduated programs. 

URCA was created by a state law in 1986 and officialy started in 1987. It is part of Ceará`s higher education system and works with the Department of Science and Technology. The university has 238 technical staff, 347 permanent university teachers, 153 temporary university teachers, and 80 temporary university teachers. Recently, over 90 new university teachers joined the university to help increase research in the region.  

The staff and teachers works at six campuses: three in the city of Crato (Pimenta, São Miguel and São Francisco), two in the city of Juazeiro do Norte (CRAJUBAR and Pirajá), and one in Santana do Cariri, where the Paleontology Museum is located. This museum is one of the most important collections of fossils from Cretaceous period. 
Today, the university has 33 undergraduated, master’s, and PhD programs. There are also 45 postgraduate courses, four special teacher training programs, and two residencies: one in Multiprofessional Collective Health and the other in Obstetric Nursing.

## History 
URCA started with courses in Economic Sciences, Law, and Civil Construction Technology from the State University of Ceará (UECE), and courses from the Padre Ibiapina Foundation (Crato Faculty of Philosophy) in Natural History, Geography, Literature, and Pedagogy.

From its creation until 2019, URCA graduated 20,993 students: 18,285 from Crajubar (Crato and Juazeiro), 1,806 from the Iguatu campus, 194 from the Missão Velha campus, and 708 from the Campos Sales campus. URCA also trained 302 students in the Freire Platform program (National Basic Education Teacher Training Plan, PARFOR) and 207 students in the special pedagogical training program, with locations across the region.

In 33 years, URCA improved its buildings and expanded the Crajubar and Pimenta campuses. Teacher training started in 1990. Today, the teaching staff includes 140 doctors, 140 masters, 44 specialists, and 6 with undergraduate degrees.

URCA is the only Brazilian university with a UNESCO-recognized geopark, the Araripe Geopark. It also has one of Brazil’s leading paleontology museums, the Plácido Cidade Nuvens Paleontology Museum. The university also has a Legal Practice Center and an Accessibility Center. 

## Rectors and Vice-Rectors 
## References
List of Paramount+ original programming

This article lists all television programming produced for release on Paramount+, an American subscription video on demand service owned and operated by the Paramount Streaming division of Paramount Skydance Corporation. It features television shows, live streams for local television stations that belong to the CBS network in the United States, and miniseries and specials from the libraries of Paramount Global as a whole, including content from the libraries of CBS, CBS Sports, CBS News, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Paramount Network, Paramount Pictures, Showtime, BET, VH1, and the Smithsonian Channel.

## Current programming 
### Drama 
### Comedy 
### Animation 
#### Adult animation 
#### Kids & family 
### Unscripted 
#### Docuseries 
#### Variety 
#### Reality 
### International original programming 
These shows are originals because Paramount+ ordered or acquired them and had their premiere on the service, but they are not available as a Paramount+ Original worldwide.

#### English language outside the United States 
#### Non-English language 
## Upcoming original programming 
### Drama 
### Animation 
#### Kids & family 
### Unscripted 
#### Docuseries 
### Co-productions 
### Specials 
### Regional original programming 
These shows are originals because Paramount+ ordered or acquired them and will have their premiere on the service, but they will not be available worldwide.

#### English language 
#### Non-English language 
### In development 
## Ended programming 
These shows have either completed their runs or had been canceled by Paramount+. A show is also assumed to have ended if there has been no confirmed news of renewal at least one year after the show's last episode was released.

### Drama 
### Comedy 
### Animation 
#### Adult animation 
#### Kids & family 
### Unscripted 
#### Docuseries 
#### Reality 
#### Variety 
### Talk Show 
### Specials 
### International original programming 
#### English language programming outside the United States 
#### Non-English language 
##### French 
##### German 
##### Italian 
##### Portuguese 
##### Spanish 
#### Korean 
#### Specials 
##### Stand-up comedy
## See also
*List of TVING original programming

## Notes 
## References 
## Other Websites
*
Botirali Ergashev

**Botirali Ergashev** (Uzbek Cyrillic: *Ботирали Эргашев*; born 23 June 1995) is an Uzbekistani footballer. He plays as a goalkeeper for Neftchi Fergana and the Uzbekistan national football team.

Ergashev made his debut for Uzbekistan in a 1–0 friendly loss to Iran on 19 May 2019.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## References 
## Other websites
*
*
Strontium bromate

**Strontium bromate** is an ionic compound made of strontium and bromate ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is around 343.424 g/mol. It is mostly used in laboratories and rarely in industries. It is made when strontium (metal or basic compound) reacts with bromic acid.

## Formation of strontium bromate
It can be made when strontium metal reacts with bromic acid to make strontium bromate and hydrogen gas.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

It can also be made when strontium hydroxide reacts with bromic acid to make strontium bromate and water.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

## Related pages
*Strontium bromide
To Be or Not to Be (The Hitler Rap)

"**To Be or Not to Be (The Hitler Rap)**" is a 1983 comedy hip hop song by Mel Brooks. It is on the soundtrack album of the movie of the same name and is based on the movie's burlesque show. It uses the lines "Don't be stupid, be a smarty. Come and join the Nazi Party,"

The song charted highly in some countries, including number 3 in Australia, number 12 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in Norway and number 2 in Sweden.

## Track listing
* **12" single**
# "To Be or Not to Be (The Hitler Rap) (Part 1)" – 7:43   
# "To Be or Not to Be (The Hitler Rap) (Part 2)" (Instrumental Mix) – 7:51

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## References
Coldstream, British Columbia

**Coldstream** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Okanagan Valley region and is in the North Okanagan regional district.

The population of Coldstream was 11,171 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Coldstream is known for hiking and mountain biking trails along Kalamalka Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area, as well as, Kalamalka Lake.

Before Europeans, Syilx Indigenous peoples lived in the area for years. In 1863, European contact was made when Charles Frederick Houghton, along with Forbes George Vernon and Charles Albert Vernon visited the area. Both Vernon's moved on but Houghton stayed behind and lived with the Syilx peoples. While exploring the area, he discovered Kalamalka Lake and a stream running through the valley and into the lake. Houghton named this running water "coldstream" and requested a military grant near the banks of the lake.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Kent, British Columbia

**Kent** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Fraser Valley regional district. It is between the city of Chilliwack and village of Harrison Hot Springs. Agassiz is a town located in Kent.

The population of Kent was 6,300 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Kitimat is known for its fishing, hiking, mountain biking,hang-gliding, and boating spots alongside the Fraser and Harrison Rivers, along with Mount Woodside.

Before Europeans, members of the Seabird Island First Nation lived in the area. After the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush started booming in 1858, European contact started to be made. Both T.B. Hicks and the Agassiz family were some of the first settlers in the area. In 1881, the Canadian Pacific Railway was brought to town and added even more development into the area. Settlers named the area Kent after the English county of Kent.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Kitimat

**Kitimat** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the North Coast region and is part of the Kitimat–Stikine regional district.

The population of Kitimat was 8,236 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Kitimat is known for its fishing, hiking and boating spots alongside the Kitimat River.

Before Europeans, Haisla peoples lived in the area for years. The name Kitimat is from the Tsimshian meaning for "People of the Snow", which refers to the Kitamaat people. In the 1950s, the province of British Columbia invited the Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan) to build a town in the area for their hydroelectric system which was agreed to in a $500-million ($5 billion today) partnership. The partnership was in agreement to build the system to help power what later became Kitimat and was dubbed the “Town of Tomorrow”. Kitimat was incorporated in 1953 and did not even have a permanent home at that time.

Kitimat is home to the LNG Canada export terminal which ships liquefied natural gas from its port. It was approved on October 1, 2018 with $40 billion in financial backing by Royal Dutch Shell and some Asian partners. It is the first LNG export terminal in Canada. It produced and shipped its first LNG cargo in June 2025.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Sechelt

**Sechelt** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and part of the Sunshine Coast region and Sunshine Coast regional district.

The population of Sechelt was 10,847 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Sechelt is known for its hiking and mountain biking trails along Sechelt Heritage Forest and Porpoise Bay Provincial Park, with Skookumchuck Narrows allowing for recreational activities like kayaking, canoeing, paddleboarding and swimming.

Before Europeans, shíshálh peoples lived in the area for years. The name Sechelt is from the she shashishalhem word *shíshálh*, meaning "land between two waters" since it is between both the Salish Sea and Sechelt Inlet. During the 1860s, European contact was made and they began to settle in the area. In 1862, the Roman Catholic church was built in the area in attempt to convert the indigenous people there to join. On February 15, 1956, the area was officially incorporated into the village of Sechelt. On June 30, 1986, Sechelt was given district municipality status.

Sechelt is also a 25-minute drive from the BC Ferries' terminal in Langdale, which serves as the main ferry terminal for the city and connects to the mainland of BC via the terminal in Horseshoe Bay.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Damir Redzic

**Damir Redzic** (born 23 March 2003) is a Hungarian footballer. He plays as a forward for Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg and the Hungary national team.

## Club career
Redzic made his professional debut for Ferencváros on 23 January 2021, in a 1–1 draw with Puskás Akadémia.

On 7 September 2023, Redzic was loaned to DAC Dunajská Streda. He was later signed by the team on 3 July 2024. 

In February 2026, Redzic was signed by Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg.

## International career
Redzic made his debut for Hungary in November 2025, in a 3–2 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification loss against the Republic of Ireland.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Damir Redzic at FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda
* Damir Redzic at Niké liga
Sooke

**Sooke** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island region and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of Sooke was 15,086 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Sooke is known for both the Sooke Potholes Regional Park and Sooke Potholes Provincial Park, along with Whiffin Spit Park are all popular places for walking, swimming, and fishing.

Before Europeans arrived, T'Sou-ke Nation peoples settled in the area. The name Sooke comes from the SENĆOŦEN word T'Sou-ke, meaning either to "to push" or "to thrust" and also refers to a stickleback fish that is found in the Sooke harbour and river. On June 23, 1790, first European contact was made when Spanish explorer Manuel Quimper arrived in the area while on his exploration of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. In 1849, Captain Walter Colquhoun Grant, bought land for 100 Pounds Sterling and became the first immigrant settler to buy land in what would become the province of British Columbia. Grant built a farm and water-powered sawmill on the east end of the Sooke inlet after finding out that the Hudson's Bay Company had already owned the best land near Fort Victoria.

## References 
## Other websites
*
North Saanich

**North Saanich** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island region and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of North Saanich was 12,235 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. Sooke is known for its sights of the coastline and is a popular tourist destination. In July 1905, the communities of North Saanich and then-township of Sidney merged together. It was dissolved in 1911. The area saw a boom in population after the Victoria International Airport was built in 1939 and around 10,000 military personnel settled in the area after the airport was selected as a military forces base. The North Saanich Municipal District was created in 1965. 

Both the Victoria International Airport (YYJ) and BC Ferries' Swartz Bay terminal are located in North Saanich and serves as the main terminals for the district.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Static typing

In a statically typed programming language, the type of the variable is  during compilation. When the variable is  to a data type, it remains unchanged. Static type checking and type safety reduces many kinds of errors caused by  variables of different types and helps to prevent software bugs. Some examples of statically typed programming languages: Pascal, C, and V (Vlang).

## Related pages 
*Dynamic typing
Rynchops

**Skimmers** or **Rynchops**, also called scissorbills, are sea birds in the genus Rynchops. They have a lower jaw that is longer than their upper jaw. Skimmers use their lower jaw to catch fish. They catch fish by flying low and fast over the water, with their lower jaw cutting through the water. When it collides (hits) with a fish, the beak of the bird closes. This way of catching food is also called "surface skimming".

Skimmers are usually black with a white underside, their beak is bright orange or red.

## Species 
There are 3 species of Skimmers:

The Black skimmer (*Rynchops niger*) that lives in North and South America, the African skimmer (*Rynchops* *flavirostris*) that lives in Africa and the Indian Skimmer (*Rynchops albicollis)* that lives on the Indian subcontinent.

## References
Tony Pigott

**Anthony Charles Shackleton Pigott** (4 June 1958 – 1 February 2026) was an English cricketer.

He played in one Test for England in 1984, when he was called up as an emergency replacement in New Zealand. He was playing provincial cricket there at the time of an injury crisis.

Pigott died from a heart attack on 1 February 2026, aged 67.

## References
ATCOR

**All Taxes Come Out of Rent (ATCOR)** is a central theory to Georgism. Similar previous theories were made by Adam Smith, John Locke, and the Physiocrats. In 1998, Mason Gaffney wrote the theory:

"The meaning and relevance of ATCOR is that when we lower other taxes, the revenue base is not lost, but shifted to land rents and values, which can then yield more taxes." 

Gaffney argues that ATCOR necessarily comes from a combination of land's inelastic supply, capital and labour's elastic supply, and observation of other taxes. 

## Economic Principles
### Land's inelastic supply
The first argument for ATCOR is that economic land is both finite and necessary to all economic activity. Land has an inelastic supply, but elastic demand. The supply of land is fixed, so cuts to taxes on labour, or capital, cause increases to the value of that land. This means that the income (and so value) of land absorbs income gained from tax cuts on capital or labour.

### Elastic supply of capital and labour
The supply of labour can be affected by events like migration, shifts in the employment rate, and the availability of jobs. So, labour is highly elastic in supply, generally, in comparison to the absolutely inelastic supply of land. The elasticity of labour can be demonstrated in the Tiebout model.

The supply of capital is perfectly elastic, due to the real interest rate.

So, the revenue base does not disappear when taxes on capital and labour are cut. Most tax cuts cause land values to increase. 

### Similar principles in other taxes
These principles can also be seen in other taxes. Examples are given by Gaffney:

Lowering the corporate income tax raises stock prices. Lowering interest rates raises real estate prices. Wartime taxes lower land prices, and peace dividends let them rise again. 

## Criticism
Criticism of ATCOR is often criticism of its assumptions. One criticism is that labour and capital are not perfectly elastic, and that this assumption oversimplifies real world economics. Gaffney recognised this criticism, and said that "some of the revenue gains may be 'lost' in higher wage rates, but on the whole higher wage rates are socially desirable, and serve to lower many public costs" 

Some say also that ATCOR does not prove the Single Tax system based on land value would generate sufficient revenue to replace current tax systems. This is because of ideas of inefficiencies in the system (so not absolutely All Taxes Come Out of Rent).

## References
Levon Osepyan

**Levon Osepyan** (Armenian: Լևոն Օսեպյան; July 25, 1952, Yerevan – July 1, 2024) was a Russian and Armenian writer, publisher, and photographer. He was the editor-in-chief of the almanacs "Mecenat and the World" and "Aragast." He was also a member of the board of the Union of Russian Writers, a member of the International Association of Writers and Publicists (IAWP), and a member of the Creative Union of Professional Artists.

## Biography 
He was born July 25, 1952, in Yerevan. In 1974 he graduated from the Azerbaijan Institute of Oil and Chemistry named after M. Azizbekov. He worked in Ryazan, the Tyumen region, and Moscow.

He is the author of the books "Visit to Earth," "Plays," "The Scream," "Phone Call," "My Golgotha," and others. His works have been translated into Armenian, Polish, Slovak, Czech, Tajik, Romanian, German, Italian, French, and English. Levon Osepyan played a major role in the development and maintenance of Armenian-Russian cultural ties.

He was also an art photographer. Levon Osepyan's photographs are in private collections in the United States, Canada, France, Italy, Spain, Israel, the United Kingdom, Australia, Iran, Lebanon, Austria, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Armenia, Russia, the Netherlands, and Germany, and have been used in design of books and periodicals. He has held more than 100 solo exhibitions in Armenia, Russia, Poland, China, Israel, and other countries. In 2022, the album "The Armenian World in Photographic Portraits of Levon Osepyan" was published in Moscow.

He died on July 1, 2024, at the age of 71.

## References
József Zakariás

**József Zakariás** (25 March 1924 – 22 November 1971) was a Hungarian footballer and manager. As a footballer, he was capped 35 times for Hungary, and was part of the Hungary team known as the *Mighty Magyars*. He also won a gold medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics, and played in the 1954 FIFA World Cup final.

As a manager, he coached the Guinea national football team between 1961 and 1968.

## Honours
;MTK/Bástya/Vörös Lobogó
* Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 1953, 1957–58
* Magyar Kupa: 1951–52
* Mitropa Cup: 1955

;Hungary
* Summer Olympics: 1952
* Central European International Cup: 1948–1953
* FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1954

## References
## Other websites
*Hungary stats
Laura Fernández Delgado

**Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado** (born 4 July 1986) is a Costa Rican politician and political scientist who is the president-elect of Costa Rica. She ran for president of her country in the 2026 general election. 

Fernández is a conservative populist. She is a member of the Sovereign People's Party. She was a candidate for vice president in the 2018 election. She was a government minister in the cabinet of Rodrigo Chaves Robles from 2022 to 2025.

## Political career
### Government service
From 2008 to 2010, Fernández was a consultant for the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy's State Reform Program. Fernández was an advisor to the Legislative Assembly from 2014 to 2018. During the 2018 presidential election, Fernández was one a vice presidential candidate.

In 2018, Fernández became a researcher at the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy. From 2020 to 2021, she was director of strategic planning.

### 2026 presidential campaign
Fernández announced her presidential candidacy in July 2025. She ran on a campaign to reduce drug-related crime. Crime had risen a lot in the last four years. In her bid for election, she was supported by the current president of the country, Rodrigo Chaves. Fernández was one of twenty presidential candidates and one of five female candidates. She was elected president with 48.3% of the vote.

## References
NCB Group

**NCB Group** was an investment bank based in Dublin, Ireland. It offered financial services such as corporate finance, stockbroking, wealth management, and investment funds. The company was founded in 1981 by Dermot Desmond.

## History
In the 1980s, NCB Group was sold to Ulster Bank, which was then owned by National Westminster Bank.

In 2004, the company sold its money broking division to management and employees.

In 2013, NCB Group was taken over by Investec and was rebranded.

## References
## Other websites
* NCB Group (archived)
Aztec Money

**Aztec Money** was an online marketplace for trade finance. It focused on export businesses and used invoice sales as an alternative to bank loans, lines of credit, and invoice factoring.

The platform said it connected businesses that wanted early payment on invoices with non-bank investors.

## How it worked
Businesses could register, upload invoice documents, and set terms for selling invoices. Investors could bid, and the business was paid if a sale was completed.

## History
The company was reported in Irish business media in 2013 and was based in Ireland.

## References
## Other websites
* Company website (archived)
Onium ion

An **onium ion** is a type of ion (chemical compound with an electric charge) made from adding hydrogen ions to lone pairs on halogen, chalcogen, or pnictogen hydrides. More generally the group also includes ions where the hydrogen is replaced by other atoms, usually organic groups like alkyl. An **enium ion** is a related type of ion that has two fewer hydrogen atoms and two fewer electrons on the central atom.

## Elements with known onium ions
Adenomera coca

***Adenomera coca*** is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia.

## Home
This frog lives in open places and in rainforests. Scientists have seen this frog between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in a protected place, Parque Nacional Carrasco.

## Young
After big rain, the male frog calls to the female frogs. This frog puts eggs underground in nests made out of bubbles.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, for example coca farms chemicals that kill insects may hurt this frog.

## First paper
*

## References
2022 Costa Rican general election

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 2022, to elect the president, two vice-presidents, and all 57 deputies of the Legislative Assembly. Since none of the presidential nominees obtained at least 40% of the votes, a runoff was held on 3 April 2022, between the top two candidates, José María Figueres and Rodrigo Chaves Robles.

Rodrigo Chaves Robles of the Social Democratic Progress Party, won 53% of the vote in the run-off ballot and was named president-elect by the Electoral Tribunal. Rival candidate and former president José Maria Figueres of the National Liberation Party received 47% of the vote and accepted that he lost the election.

## References
El Español

***El Español*** is a Spanish online newspaper that started in 2015. It is based in Madrid, Spain.

The newspaper works only on the internet and does not have a printed edition.

## History
The project began in 2014 after journalist Pedro J. Ramírez left the newspaper *El Mundo*.

The company behind the newspaper was officially created in 2014, according to Spain’s business registry.

In early 2015, the new newspaper raised money through crowdfunding.

## References
2018 Costa Rican general election

General elections were held in Costa Rica in 2018 to elect both the President and Legislative Assembly. The first round of the presidential election was held on 4 February 2018, with the two highest-ranked candidates being Christian singer and Congressman Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz from the conservative National Restoration Party and writer and former Minister Carlos Alvarado Quesada from the progressive Citizens' Action Party. They each won 24% and 21% of the votes . 

A second round run-off election was held on 1 April 2018 and was won by Carlos Alvarado Quesada, with a landslide victory of 60.6% of the vote.

## References
Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)

The '''Sovereign People's Party''' () is a Costa Rican political party founded in 2022. The party ran Laura Fernández Delgado as their first presidential candidate. She won the 2026 general election and won a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly.

## References
Ashley Padilla

**Ashley Padilla** (born May 27, 1993) is an American comedian and actress. She is a featured player on *Saturday Night Live*, joining the show for its 50th season in 2024. Before joining *SNL*, she was a member of The Groundlings Main Stage Company and she appeared on *Night Court* and *Curb Your Enthusiasm*.

Padilla was born on May 27, 1993 and grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Mark Wright (music producer)

**Mark Wright** (born September 21, 1957) is an American record producer who works mainly in country music.

## Singles
2026 Costa Rican general election

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 February 2026. Voters went to elect a new president for a four-year term and all 57 members of the Legislative Assembly.

Laura Fernández Delgado, the candidate of the ruling Sovereign People's Party (PPSO), won the presidential election with 48.30% of the votes, beating Álvaro Ramos Chaves of the National Liberation Party (PLN) and 18 other candidates in the first round.

No runoff needed since Fernández won more than 40% of the vote. She is the second woman to be elected president of Costa Rica.

## Opinion polling
## References
Osama Vinladen

**Osama Vinladen Jiménez López** (born 7 October 2002) is a Peruvian professional footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Unión Comercio in the Peruvian Primera División. He made his debut for Unión Comercio on 30 May 2018, when he came on as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Universidad San Martín. He was also part of Peru's under-15 team at the 2017 South American U-15 Championship.

## Personal life
Vinladen is named after Osama bin Laden, the founder of Al-Qaeda. His brother is named Sadam Huseín, after the dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein. When Vinladen had a son, his father suggested to name the child George Bush, but he chose a different name. To avoid criticism, only his first name "Osama" appears on his jersey.

In an interview, a journalist asked him if it was  to have the name of someone as bad as bin Laden. Vinladen answered "I do not believe my name to be ," and used Peruvian politician Hitler Guesclin Alba Sánchez, who won a mayoral election over the ironically-named Vladimir Lenin Rodríguez Valverde in 2018, and Brazilian footballer Marx Lenin as other people with similarly controversial names.

## References
## Other websites
*
Alisha Chinai

**Alisha Chinai** (born 18 March 1965) is an Indian singer. She is known as the "Queen of Indipop".

## Career 
Alisha started her career in 1985 with her first album, *Jadoo*. In 1989, she released a famous album of Madonna songs translated into Hindi.

She became very famous in Bollywood (the Indian movie industry) by working with composer Bappi Lahiri. She sang hits for many famous movies like *Adventures of Tarzan* and *Dance Dance*.

In 1995, her career reached a new level of fame with the album *Made in India*. This album was produced by Biddu and became a massive hit across the country.

One of her most famous movie songs is "Kajra Re" from the film *Bunty Aur Babli* (2005). This song won her a Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer.

## Personal life 
Alisha was born in Ahmedabad. She was married to her manager, Rajesh Jhaveri, from 1986 until their divorce in 1994.

In 2020, she began a relationship with Furkat Azamov, a music producer from Tajikistan who also works as her manager and songwriter.

## References
Polyas

**POLYAS** is a German software company that develops systems for electronic voting and online voting. The company is based in Kassel, Germany. Its software is used for elections by universities, associations, cooperatives, and organizations.

## History
The POLYAS voting software was first created in 1996 by Wolfgang Jung and Kai Reinhard. The first election using the system took place in Finland in 1996 and included about 30,000 voters.

Until 2012, POLYAS was part of the German IT company Micromata GmbH. In 2012, it became an independent company called POLYAS GmbH.

In 2016, the POLYAS system received certification from the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) for use in non-political elections.

In 2025, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) used POLYAS for a membership vote on a coalition agreement.

## How it works
POLYAS lets organizers upload a list of voters and send access data by email or post. The system supports login methods such as LDAP and Single Sign-On.

It uses two separate servers to protect ballot secrecy: one checks voter eligibility and the other stores votes. Newer versions allow voters to verify that their vote was recorded.

## References
Meredith Kopit Levien

**Meredith Kopit Levien** (born 1970/1971) is an American media executive. She is the chief executive officer (CEO) of The New York Times Company.

## Early life and education 
Meredith Kopit grew up in Richmond, Virginia. Her parents are Carole and Marvin Kopit. She has a sister named Barbara. She graduated from the University of Virginia. There, she studied rhetoric and worked for the student newspaper, *The Cavalier Daily*.

## Career 
Levien started her career at a consulting firm. In 2003, she joined Atlantic Media, the company that publishes *The Atlantic*. In 2008, she began working at Forbes Media. She helped *Forbes* grow its digital business. In 2012, she became the chief revenue officer at Forbes.

In July 2013, she joined The New York Times Company as the head of advertising. She helped the company earn more money from digital ads and subscriptions. She was promoted to chief revenue officer in 2015 and chief operating officer in 2017.

In July 2020, she was named the CEO of The New York Times Company. She officially started the job on September 8, 2020. At that time, she was the youngest person to lead the company.

Levien has won many awards for her work in media and marketing. In 2023, she was on *Fortune*'s list of the Most Powerful Women.

## Personal life 
She has one son with Jason Levien. They are now divorced.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Single tax

A **single tax** is a tax system based on only (or mostly) one tax, typically a tax on land value.

## Georgist Single Tax
In the 19th and 20th centuries, a populist single tax movement became popular. It aimed to put a single tax on the rental value of economic land. This movement is often called Georgism, named after its creator, Henry George. It aimed for a simple and fair tax system, where revenue is only based on land and natural resource rents. It would have no tax on improvements to the land, like buildings. 

Some libertarians call land value capture an ethical way to fund the state, that doesn't distort the market. The surplus rent could be given out as a basic income, often called the citizen's dividend. This would repay the people who have been refused an equal share to the earth's natural resources, by law  (see geolibertarianism).

Some other taxes from the same principles include the Pigouvian Tax, to internalise external costs of production and consumption (like pollution). There are also severance taxes on extracting natural resources, to regulate their use and stop damages (like through overfishing).

## Alternative Single Taxes
Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert and Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban were early advocates for a single tax. It would be a flat tax on all incomes.

There have been other ideas of a single tax based on property, goods, or income. There are proposals like FairTax, which aims for a single tax on consumption, or flat tax ideas on personal incomes.

## References
St. Joseph metropolitan area

The **St. Joseph metropolitan area** of Northeastern Kansas and Northwestern Missouri is a mixture of towns, cities and villages. The main city is St. Joseph, Missouri. According to 2020 Census reports, the metropolitan region had just under 122,000 people living there.

## Counties
*Andrew County, Missouri
*Buchanan County, Missouri
*DeKalb County, Missouri
*Doniphan County, Kansas

## Communities
### Places with more than 70,000 inhabitants
*St. Joseph, Missouri (Principal city) Pop: 72,473

### Places with 1,000 to 10,000 inhabitants
*Cameron, Missouri (partial) Pop: 8,513
*Savannah, Missouri Pop: 5,069
*Country Club, Missouri Pop: 2,487
*Gower, Missouri (partial) Pop: 1,533
*Wathena, Kansas Pop: 1,246
*Elwood, Kansas Pop: 1,125
*Maysville, Missouri Pop: 1,095

### Places with fewer than 999 inhabitants
*Troy, Kansas Pop: 964
*Highland, Kansas Pop: 903
*Stewartsville, Missouri Pop: 733
*Agency, Missouri Pop: 671
*Dearborn, Missouri (partial) Pop: 496
*Osborn, Missouri (partial) Pop: 423
*Union Star, Missouri Pop: 380
*Clarksdale, Missouri Pop: 245
*Amazonia, Missouri Pop: 238
*De Kalb, Missouri Pop: 233
*Easton, Missouri Pop: 227
*Rushville, Missouri Pop: 225
*Fillmore, Missouri Pop: 173
*Bolckow, Missouri Pop: 163
*Denton, Kansas Pop: 130
*Rosendale, Missouri Pop: 119
*White Cloud, Kansas Pop: 115
*Cosby, Missouri Pop: 114
*Lewis and Clark Village, Missouri Pop: 96
*Weatherby, Missouri Pop: 80
*Severance, Kansas Pop: 76
*Rea, Missouri Pop: 46
*Leona, Kansas Pop: 41
*Amity, Missouri  Pop: 26

### Unincorporated places
*Faucett, Missouri Pop: 248
*Bendena, Kansas Pop: 117
*Doniphan, Kansas
*Fairport, Missouri
*Helena, Missouri
*Nodaway, Missouri
*Rochester, Missouri
*Wallace, Missouri
*Whitesville, Missouri
*Willow Brook, Missouri
North Yemen Civil War

The **North Yemen Civil War** was a civil war in North Yemen from 1962 to 1970 between the royalists (Kingdom of Yemen) and the republicans of the Yemen Arab Republic.

Finally, the agreement was reached and the republicans gained control of the government, ruling the country.

## The war 
During the civil war, the royalists had the Saudi Arabians supported while the republicans were aided/sided by the Soviet Union and Egypt.

However, due to the aftermath of the Six-Day War of 1967, Egypt no longer had the resources to intervene in the North Yemen civil war, leading to a ceasefire.

## References 
* 
*
Hydro-Man

**Hydro-Man** (**Morris** "**Morrie**" **Bench**) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is primarily known as an adversary of Spider-Man.

## Publication history 
Created by writer Dennis O'Neil and artist John Romita Jr., the character first appeared in *The Amazing Spider-Man* #212 (January 1981).

## Fictional character biography 
Once an ordinary crewman, Morris Bench was accidentally knocked overboard while stationed on his ship during a battle between Spider-Man and Namor, and fell into the ocean, where a powerful experimental generator was being tested. This led to his transformation into Hydro-Man who, blaming Spider-Man for what happened to him, turned to a life of crime while seeking revenge against the web-slinger.

## Powers and abilities 
He has the ability to transform his body into water, allowing him to manipulate and control water in various forms. This power makes him a formidable opponent, capable of creating water blasts, forming water-based constructs, and even turning into a giant wave.

## In other media 
Hydro-Man has since been featured in various comic storylines, animated series, and adaptations. A creature based on "Hydro-Man" appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie *Spider-Man: Far From Home* (2019).
Tombstone (character)

**Alonzo Thompson** "**Lonnie**" **Lincoln**, known as **Tombstone** is a fictional character and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is known for being a formidable adversary of Spider-Man and other Marvel heroes.

## Fictional character biography 
Tombstone is often depicted as a crime boss and hitman with a violent and ruthless personality. He has a distinctive appearance with a tall, muscular build and dark, rough skin that resembles stone or slate, which gives him his name.

## Powers and abilities 
He possesses superhuman strength, durability, and an intimidating presence.

## In other media 
The character has appeared in several media adaptations outside of comics over the years, including animated series and video games. Tombstone made his cinematic debut in the 2018 animated movie *Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse*, voiced by Marvin "Krondon" Jones III, who will also portray a different version of the character in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe movie *Spider-Man: Brand New Day* (2026).
Adenomera heyeri

'''Heyer's tropical bullfrog'* (*Adenomera heyeri'') is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, and Guyana.

## Home
This frog can be awake at  night. This frog lives in the Amazon. People see it on the dead leaves on the ground in forests that have never been cut down. People do not see it in places that people have changed. People do see it in steep places. Scientists have seen this frog between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in a protected place, Parque Nacional Carrasco.

## Young
The male frogs fight each other when it is time to call to female frogs. The male frog digs a hole in the ground for the female frog to put her eggs.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out.

## First paper
*

## References
Your Touch

"**Your Touch**" is a 2006 song by The Black Keys and is the leading single from their fourth studio album *Magic Potion*.

## Track listing
**EP**
# "Your Touch" – 2:42
# "Strange Desire" – 4:20
# "Thickfreakness" (Live in Darwin, Australia) – 3:52

**7" and CD single**
# "Your Touch" – 2:42
# "The Breaks" (Live in Darwin, Australia at Browns Mart April 9, 2006) – 4:11
Spider-Man: Black Cat

***Spider-Man: Black Cat*** is a four-issue comic book series written by Jen Van Meter and drawn by Javier Pulido as the second limited-run series starring the popular Spider-Man love interest Felicia Hardy / Black Cat following *Spider-Man/Black Cat*. Published by Marvel Comics as a tie-in with "The Gauntlet" and "Grim Hunt", the story revolves around the thief as she reconnects with Peter Parker when her latest heist sees her come face-to-face with the Kravinoff family. Originally published as *The Amazing Spider-Man Presents: Black Cat* and *The Black Cat*, and titled on-page as *Black Cat: The Trophy Hunters*, it was collected as *Spider-Man: Black Cat*, compiling all the four issues, *The Amazing Spider-Man* #612, and material from *The Many Loves of the Amazing Spider-Man*.

The series received excellent reviews, in particular for its feminist depiction of how Spider-Man and Black Cat have sex.

## References
## Other websites
* *Spider-Man: Black Cat* at Marvel.com
Revelations: The Demon Slayer

***Revelations: The Demon Slayer*** (女神転生外伝: ラストバイブル) is a Japanese role-playing game that was released for the Game Boy Color in 1999 (it was first released for the Game Boy in 1992), it is part of a spinoff series belonging to the larger Megami Tensei franchise of video games and is the first entry in that spinoff.

It was released in Japan as Megami Tensei Gaiden: Last Bible in 1992 and is notable for being the first color RPG to be released in the United States.        

## Premise 
The game is about El, a young boy who one day learns about a power named "Gaia", but the land is in trouble due to a evil force coming, and the protagonist, along with his friends have to summon a army of demons and make them fight in a war against the villains.  

## Gameplay 
The battles are in a text-based style. Similar to the main Megami Tensei games, the player can summon demons (the max is 100), and merge them, receiving more powerful versions. The player can also get demons through a question system.

In addition to helping the player's characters in the game, demons can also fight against a friend's team in a Pokémon-style Game Link mode.

## References
Barium iodide

**Barium iodide** is an ionic compound made of barium and iodide ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is around 391.136 g/mol (anhydrous). It usually forms the dihydrate salt when exposed to moisture and water. Like other soluble barium salts, barium iodide is toxic. It can be made when barium (metal or compound) reacts with elemental iodine or hydroiodic acid.

## Formation of barium iodide
It is usually made when barium metal is treated with 1,2-diiodoethane in ether.

It can be made when barium metal reacts with elemental iodine to make barium iodide.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

It can also can be made when barium hydroxide reacts with hydroiodic acid to make barium iodide and water.
:The balanced chemical equation is:
:

## Related pages
*Barium chloride
*Barium bromide