March 18

## Events
### Up to 1900 
*1068 &ndash; An earthquake in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula, leaves up to 20,000 dead.
*1229 &ndash; Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade.
*1241 &ndash; First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city.
*1314 &ndash; Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and final Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake.
*1438 &ndash; Albert II of Habsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
*1608 &ndash; Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.
*1644 &ndash; The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia.
*1741 &ndash; New York governor George Clarke's complex at Fort George is burned in an arson attack, starting the New York Conspiracy of 1741.
*1766 &ndash; American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act.
*1793 &ndash; The first modern republic in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.
*1793 &ndash; Flanders Campaign of the French Revolution, Battle of Neerwinden.
*1834 &ndash; Six farm labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorset, England are sentenced to be transported to Australia for forming a trade union.
*1848 &ndash; March Revolution: In Berlin there is a struggle between citizens and military, costing about 300 lives.
*1850 &ndash; American Express is founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo.
*1865 &ndash; American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.
*1871 &ndash; Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic, Adolphe Thiers, orders the evacuation of Paris.
*1874 &ndash; Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trade rights.
*1892 &ndash; Former Governor General Lord Stanley pledges to donate a silver challenge cup as an award for the best hockey team in Canada; it was later named after him as the Stanley Cup.

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
*1902 &ndash; Macario Sakay issues Presidential Order No. 1 of his Tagalog Republic.
*1913 &ndash; King George I of Greece is assassinated in the recently liberated city of Thessaloniki.
*1915 &ndash; World War I: During the Battle of Gallipoli, three battleships are sunk during a failed British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles.
*1921 &ndash; The second Peace of Riga is signed between Poland and the Soviet Union.
*1922 &ndash; In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience, of which he serves only two.
*1925 &ndash; The Tri-State Tornado hits the Midwestern states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing 695 people.
*1937 &ndash; The New London School explosion in New London, Texas, kills 300 people, mostly children.
*  1937   &ndash; Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Guadalajara.
*1938 &ndash; Mexico creates Pemex by expropriating all foreign–owned oil reserves and facilities.
*1940 &ndash; World War II: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.
*1942 &ndash; The War Relocation Authority is established in the United States to take Japanese Americans into custody.
*1944 &ndash; Mount Vesuvius in Naples, Italy erupts killing 26 people and causing thousands to leave their homes.
*1948 &ndash; Soviet consultants leave Yugoslavia in the first sign of the Tito–Stalin Split.

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
*1953 &ndash; An earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 265 people.
*1959 &ndash; The Hawaii Admission Act is signed into law.
*1962 &ndash; The Évian Accords end the Algerian War of Independence, which had begun in 1954.
*1965 &ndash; Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.
*1967 &ndash; The supertanker  runs aground off the Cornish coast.
*1968 &ndash; Gold standard: The United States Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back US currency.
*1969 &ndash; Operation Menu: The United States begins secretly bombing the Sihanouk Trail in Cambodia, used by communist forces to get into South Vietnam.
*1970 &ndash; Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
*1971 &ndash; Peru: a landslide crashes into Yanawayin Lake, killing 200 people at the mining camp of Chungar.
*1980 &ndash; 1980 Plesetsk launch pad disaster: A Vostok-2M rocket at Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 explodes during a fueling operation, killing 48 people.
*1990 &ndash; Germans in the German Democratic Republic vote in the first democratic elections in the former communist dictatorship.
*  1990   &ndash; In the largest art theft in United States history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $500&nbsp;million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston.
*1994 &ndash; Bosnia's Bosniaks and Croats sign the Washington Agreement, ending war between the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
*1996 &ndash; Ozone Disco Club fire: A nightclub fire in Quezon City, Philippines kills 162 people.
*1997 &ndash; The tail of a Russian Antonov An-24 charter plane breaks off while en route to Turkey causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 people on board.

### From 2001 
*2012 &ndash; Joachim Gauck becomes President of Germany.
*2014 &ndash; The parliaments of Russia and Crimea sign an accession treaty.
*2015 &ndash; The Bardo National Museum in Tunisia is attacked by gunmen. 23 people, almost all tourists, are killed, and at least 50 other people are wounded.
*2018 &ndash; Vladimir Putin is re–elected as President of Russia.
*2019 &ndash; Three people are killed in a shooting on a tram in Utrecht, the Netherlands.

## Births
### Up to 1800 
*1075 &ndash; Al-Zamakhshari, Persian scholar and theologian (d. 1144)
*1395 &ndash; John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, English military commander (d. 1447)
*1495 &ndash; Mary Tudor, Queen of France (d. 1533)
*1548 &ndash; Cornelis Ketel, Dutch painter (d. 1616)
*1552 &ndash; Polykarp Leyser the Elder, German theologian (d. 1610)
*1555 &ndash; Francis, Duke of Anjou (d. 1584)
*1578 &ndash; Adam Elsheimer, German painter (d. 1610)
*1590 &ndash; Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (d. 1649)
*1597 &ndash; Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, French religious leader, founded the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal (d. 1659)
*  1603   &ndash; Simon Bradstreet, English colonial magistrate (d. 1697)
*1609 &ndash; Frederick III of Denmark (d. 1670)
*1634 &ndash; Madame de La Fayette, French author (d. 1693)
*1640 &ndash; Philippe de La Hire, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1719)
*1657 &ndash; Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni, Italian organist and composer (d. 1743)
*1690 &ndash; Christian Goldbach, Prussian–German mathematician and academic (d. 1764)
*1701 &ndash; Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish businessman and philanthropist, co–founded the Swedish East India Company (d. 1776)
*1733 &ndash; Christoph Friedrich Nicolai, German author and bookseller (d. 1811)
*1780 &ndash; Miloš Obrenović, Serbian prince (d. 1860)
*1782 &ndash; John C. Calhoun, American lawyer and politician, 7th Vice President of the United States (d. 1850)
*1789 &ndash; Charlotte Elliott, English poet, hymn writer, editor (d. 1871)
*1798 &ndash; Francis Lieber, German–American jurist and philosopher (d. 1872)

### 1801 &ndash; 1850 
*1813 &ndash; Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright (d. 1864)
*1814 &ndash; Jacob Bunn, American businessman (d. 1897)
*1819 &ndash; James McCulloch, Scottish–Australian politician, 5th Premier of Victoria (d. 1893)
*1820 &ndash; John Plankinton, American businessman and industrialist, also noted for philanthropy (d. 1891)
*1823 &ndash; Antoine Chanzy, French general (d. 1883)
*1828 &ndash; Randal Cremer, English activist and politician, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1908)
*1837 &ndash; Grover Cleveland, American lawyer and politician, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (d. 1908)
*1840 &ndash; William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (d. 1901)
*1842 &ndash; Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet and critic (d. 1898)
*1844 &ndash; Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer and academic (d. 1908)
*1846 &ndash; Kicking Bear, Native American tribal leader (d. 1904)
*1848 &ndash; Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, American architect and engineer (d. 1938)

### 1851 &ndash; 1900 
*1858 &ndash; Rudolf Diesel, German engineer, invented the Diesel engine (d. 1913)
*1862 &ndash; Eugène Jansson, Swedish painter (d. 1915)
*1863 &ndash; William Sulzer, American lawyer and politician, 39th Governor of New York (d. 1941)
*1869 &ndash; Neville Chamberlain, English businessman and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
*1870 &ndash; Agnes Sime Baxter, Canadian mathematician (d. 1917)
*1874 &ndash; Nikolai Berdyaev, Russian–French philosopher and theologian (d. 1948)
*1877 &ndash; Edgar Cayce, American mystic and psychic (d. 1945)
*  1877   &ndash; Clem Hill, Australian cricketer and engineer (d. 1945)
*1878 &ndash; Percival Perry, 1st Baron Perry, English businessman (d. 1956)
*1882 &ndash; Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer and educator (d. 1973)
*1884 &ndash; Bernard Cronin, English–Australian journalist and author (d. 1968)
*1886 &ndash; Edward Everett Horton, American actor, singer, and dancer (d. 1970)
*1890 &ndash; Henri Decoin, French director and screenwriter (d. 1969)
*1893 &ndash; Costante Girardengo, Italian cyclist (d. 1978)
*  1893   &ndash; Wilfred Owen, English soldier and poet (d. 1918)

### 1901 &ndash; 1925 
*1901 &ndash; Manly Palmer Hall, Canadian mystic, author & philosopher (d. 1990)
*  1901   &ndash; William Johnson, American painter (d. 1970)
*1903 &ndash; Galeazzo Ciano, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1944)
*  1903   &ndash; E. O. Plauen, German cartoonist (d. 1944)
*1904 &ndash; Srečko Kosovel, Slovenian poet and author (d. 1926)
*  1904   &ndash; Margaret Tucker, Australian author and activist (d. 1996)
*1905 &ndash; Thomas Townsend Brown, American physicist and engineer (d. 1985)
*  1905   &ndash; Robert Donat, English actor (d. 1958)
*1907 &ndash; John Zachary Young, English zoologist and neurophysiologist (d. 1997)
*1908 &ndash; Loulou Gasté, French composer (d. 1995)
*1909 &ndash; Ernest Gallo, American businessman, co–founded the E & J Gallo Winery (d. 2007)
*  1909   &ndash; C. Walter Hodges, English author and illustrator (d. 2004)
*1911 &ndash; Smiley Burnette, American singer–songwriter and actor (d. 1967)
*1912 &ndash; Art Gilmore, American voice actor and announcer (d. 2010)
*1913 &ndash; René Clément, French director and screenwriter (d. 1996)
*  1913   &ndash; Werner Mölders, German colonel and pilot (d. 1941)
*1915 &ndash; Richard Condon, American author and screenwriter (d. 1996)
*1922 &ndash; Egon Bahr, German journalist and politician, Federal Minister for Special Affairs of Germany (d. 2015)
*  1922   &ndash; Seymour Martin Lipset, American sociologist and academic (d. 2006)
*  1922   &ndash; Fred Shuttlesworth, American activist, co–founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (d. 2011)
*1923 &ndash; Andy Granatelli, American race car driver and businessman (d. 2013)
*1925 &ndash; Alessandro Alessandroni, Italian musician (d. 2017)
*  1925   &ndash; James Pickles, English journalist, lawyer, and judge (d. 2010)

### 1926 &ndash; 1950 
*1926 &ndash; Peter Graves, American actor and director (d. 2010)
*1927 &ndash; John Kander, American pianist and composer
*  1927   &ndash; George Plimpton, American journalist and actor (d. 2003)
*  1927   &ndash; Lillian Vernon, German–American businesswoman and philanthropist, founded the Lillian Vernon Company (d. 2015)
*1928 &ndash; Miguel Poblet, Spanish cyclist (d. 2013)
*  1928   &ndash; Fidel V. Ramos, Filipino general and politician, 12th President of the Philippines (d. 2022)
*1929 &ndash; Samuel Pisar, Polish–American lawyer and author (d. 2015)
*1930 &ndash; James J. Andrews, American mathematician and academic (d. 1998)
*1931 &ndash; John Fraser, Scottish actor
*1932 &ndash; John Updike, American novelist, short story writer, and critic (d. 2009)
*1933 &ndash; Unita Blackwell, American activist and politician
*1934 &ndash; Roy Chapman, English footballer and manager (d. 1983)
*  1934   &ndash; Charley Pride, American country music singer and musician
*1935 &ndash; Ole Barndorff-Nielsen, Danish mathematician and statistician
*  1935   &ndash; Frances Cress Welsing, American psychiatrist and author (d. 2016)
*1936 &ndash; F. W. de Klerk, South African lawyer and politician, 2nd State President of South Africa, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2021)
*1937 &ndash; Rudi Altig, German cyclist and sportscaster (d. 2016)
*  1937   &ndash; Mark Donohue, American race car driver (d. 1975)
*1938 &ndash; Carl Gottlieb, American actor and screenwriter
*  1938   &ndash; Shashi Kapoor, Indian actor and producer (d. 2017)
*  1938   &ndash; Kenny Lynch, English singer–songwriter and actor
*  1938   &ndash; Timo Mäkinen, Finnish race car driver (d. 2017)
*  1938   &ndash; Machiko Soga, Japanese actress (d. 2006)
*1939 &ndash; Ron Atkinson, English footballer and manager
*  1939   &ndash; Jean-Pierre Wallez, French violinist and conductor
*1940 &ndash; Mark Medoff, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 2019)
*1941 &ndash; Wilson Pickett, American singer–songwriter (d. 2006)
*1942 &ndash; Kathleen Collins, African–American filmmaker and playwright (d. 1988)
*1943 &ndash; Dennis Linde, American singer–songwriter (d. 2006)
*1944 &ndash; Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, Israeli general and politician, 22nd Transportation Minister of Israel (d. 2012)
*  1944   &ndash; Frank McRae, American football player and actor
*  1944   &ndash; Dick Smith, Australian publisher and businessman, founded Dick Smith Electronics and *Australian Geographic*
*1945 &ndash; Hiroh Kikai, Japanese photographer
*  1945   &ndash; Michael Reagan, American journalist and radio host
*  1945   &ndash; Susan Tyrrell, American actress (d. 2012)
*  1945   &ndash; Eric Woolfson, Scottish singer–songwriter, pianist, and producer (d. 2009)
*1946 &ndash; Michel Leclère, French race car driver
*1947 &ndash; Patrick Barlow, English actor and playwright
*  1947   &ndash; Patrick Chesnais, French actor, director, and screenwriter
*  1947   &ndash; David Lloyd, English cricketer, journalist, and sportscaster
*  1947   &ndash; B. J. Wilson, English rock drummer (d. 1990)
*1948 &ndash; Guy Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
*  1948   &ndash; Brian Lloyd, Welsh footballer
*  1948   &ndash; Eknath Solkar, Indian cricketer (d. 2005)
*1949 &ndash; Åse Kleveland, Norwegian singer and politician, Norwegian Minister of Culture
*1950 &ndash; James Conlon, American conductor and educator
*  1950   &ndash; Brad Dourif, American actor
*  1950   &ndash; Linda Partridge, English geneticist and academic
*  1950   &ndash; Larry Perkins, Australian race car driver

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
*1951 &ndash; Paul Barber, English actor
*  1951   &ndash; Ben Cohen, American businessman and philanthropist, co–founded Ben and Jerry's
*  1951   &ndash; Bill Frisell, American guitarist and composer
*  1951   &ndash; Timothy N. Philpot, American lawyer, author, and judge
*1952 &ndash; Will Durst, American journalist and actor
*  1952   &ndash; Pat Eddery, Irish jockey and trainer (d. 2015)
*  1952   &ndash; Bernie Tormé, Irish singer–songwriter and guitarist 
*  1952   &ndash; Mike Webster, American football player (d. 2002)
*  1952   &ndash; Salome Zourabichvili, President of Georgia
*1953 &ndash; Franz Wright, Austrian–American poet and translator (d. 2015)
*  1953   &ndash; Takashi Yoshimatsu, Japanese composer
*1955 &ndash; Francis G. Slay, American lawyer and politician, 45th Mayor of St. Louis
*  1955   &ndash; Jeff Stelling, English journalist and game show host
*1956 &ndash; Rick Martel, Canadian wrestler
*  1956   &ndash; Deborah Jeane Palfrey, American madam (d. 2008)
*  1956   &ndash; Ingemar Stenmark, Swedish skier
*1957 &ndash; Christer Fuglesang, Swedish physicist and astronaut
*1958 &ndash; Richard de Zoysa, Sri Lankan journalist and author (d. 1990)
*1959 &ndash; Luc Besson, French director, producer, and screenwriter, founded EuropaCorp
*1960 &ndash; Richard Biggs, American actor (d. 2004)
*  1960   &ndash; Guy Carbonneau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
*  1960   &ndash; Kevin Hague, New Zealand politician
*  1960   &ndash; James Plaskett, Cypriot–English chess player
*1961 &ndash; Grant Hart, American singer–songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
*1962 &ndash; Michael Andrews, Australian rugby league player
*  1962   &ndash; Irene Cara, American singer–songwriter, actress, and producer
*  1962   &ndash; Brian Fisher, American baseball player
*  1962   &ndash; Thomas Ian Griffith, American actor and martial artist 
*  1962   &ndash; James McMurtry, American singer–songwriter, guitarist, and actor
*  1962   &ndash; Etsushi Toyokawa, Japanese actor and director
*  1962   &ndash; Volker Weidler, German race car driver and engineer
*1963 &ndash; Jeff LaBar, American guitarist 
*  1963   &ndash; Vanessa L. Williams, American model, actress, and singer
*1964 &ndash; Bonnie Blair, American speed skater
*  1964   &ndash; Alex Caffi, Italian race car driver
*  1964   &ndash; Jo Churchill, British politician
*  1964   &ndash; Courtney Pine, English saxophonist and clarinet player
*  1964   &ndash; Isabel Noronha, Mozambican movie director
*1966 &ndash; Jerry Cantrell, American singer–songwriter and guitarist 
*  1966   &ndash; Peter Jones, English businessman
*  1966   &ndash; Brian Watts, Canadian golfer
*1967 &ndash; Miki Berenyi, English singer–songwriter and guitarist 
*1968 &ndash; Prince Eudes, Duke of Angoulême
*  1968   &ndash; Miguel Herrera, Mexican footballer and manager
*  1968   &ndash; Temur Ketsbaia, Georgian footballer and manager
*  1968   &ndash; Paul Marsden, English businessman and politician
*1969 &ndash; Andy Cutting, English accordion player and composer 
*  1969   &ndash; Vassily Ivanchuk, Ukrainian chess player
*  1969   &ndash; Jimmy Morales, Guatemalan comedian and politician, President of Guatemala
*  1969   &ndash; Shaun Udal, English cricketer
*1970 &ndash; Queen Latifah, American rapper, producer, and actress
*1971 &ndash; Wayne Arthurs, Australian tennis player
*  1971   &ndash; Mike Bell, American wrestler (d. 2008)
*  1971   &ndash; Mariaan de Swardt, South African–American tennis player, coach, and sportscaster
*  1971   &ndash; Kitty Ussher, English economist and politician
*1972 &ndash; Dane Cook, American comedian, actor, director, and producer
*  1972   &ndash; Reince Priebus, American lawyer and politician, 27th White House Chief of Staff
*1973 &ndash; Luci Christian, American voice actress and screenwriter
*1974 &ndash; Laure Savasta, French basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
*  1974   &ndash; Stuart Zender, English bass player, songwriter, and producer 
*1975 &ndash; Sutton Foster, American actress, singer, and dancer
*  1975   &ndash; Brian Griese, American football player and sportscaster
*  1975   &ndash; Kimmo Timonen, Finnish ice hockey player
*  1975   &ndash; Tomas Žvirgždauskas, Lithuanian footballer

### From 1976 
*1976 &ndash; Giovanna Antonelli, Brazilian actress and producer
*  1976   &ndash; Tomo Ohka, Japanese baseball player
*  1976   &ndash; Scott Podsednik, American baseball player
*  1976   &ndash; Mike Quackenbush, American wrestler, trainer, and author, founded Chikara wrestling promotion
*1977 &ndash; Zdeno Chára, Slovak ice hockey player
*  1977   &ndash; Alex Jones, Welsh television presenter
*  1977   &ndash; Danny Murphy, English footballer and sportscaster
*  1977   &ndash; Fernando Rodney, Dominican–American baseball player
*  1977   &ndash; Willy Sagnol, French footballer and manager
*  1977   &ndash; Terrmel Sledge, American baseball player and coach
*1978 &ndash; Fernandão, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2014)
*  1978   &ndash; Brooke Hanson, Australian swimmer
*  1978   &ndash; Brian Scalabrine, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
*  1978   &ndash; Jonas Wallerstedt, Swedish footballer, coach, and manager
*1979 &ndash; Adam Levine, American singer–songwriter, guitarist, and television personality
*1980 &ndash; Sébastien Frey, French footballer
*  1980   &ndash; Sophia Myles, English actress
*  1980   &ndash; Alexei Yagudin, Russian figure skater
*1981 &ndash; Tora Berger, Norwegian biathlete
*  1981   &ndash; Fabian Cancellara, Swiss cyclist
*  1981   &ndash; Leslie Djhone, French sprinter
*  1981   &ndash; Jang Na-ra, South Korean singer and actress
*  1981   &ndash; Kasib Powell, American basketball player
*  1981   &ndash; Tom Starke, German footballer
*  1981   &ndash; Doug Warren, American soccer player
*  1981   &ndash; Lovro Zovko, Croatian tennis player
*1982 &ndash; Mantorras, Angolan footballer
*  1982   &ndash; Chad Cordero, American baseball player
*  1982   &ndash; Timo Glock, German race car driver
*  1982   &ndash; Adam Pally, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
*1983 &ndash; Ethan Carter III, American wrestler
*  1983   &ndash; Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro, French tennis player
*  1983   &ndash; Andy Sonnanstine, American baseball player
*  1983   &ndash; Tomasz Stolpa, Polish footballer
*1984 &ndash; Simone Padoin, Italian footballer
*  1984   &ndash; Rajeev Ram, American tennis player
*  1984   &ndash; Vonzell Solomon, American singer and actress
*1985 &ndash; Ana Beatriz, Brazilian race car driver
*  1985   &ndash; Marvin Humes, English singer 
*  1985   &ndash; Vince Lia, Australian footballer
*1986 &ndash; Lykke Li, Swedish singer–songwriter
*  1986   &ndash; Abdennour Chérif El-Ouazzani, Algerian footballer
*1987 &ndash; Rebecca Soni, American swimmer
*1989 &ndash; Francesco Checcucci, Italian footballer
*  1989   &ndash; Lily Collins, English–American actress
*  1989   &ndash; Shreevats Goswami, Indian cricketer
*  1989   &ndash; Kana Nishino, Japanese singer–songwriter
*  1989   &ndash; Paul Marc Rousseau, Canadian guitarist and producer 
*1991 &ndash; Dylan Mattingly, American singer–songwriter and guitarist
*  1991   &ndash; Sam Williams, Australian rugby league player
*1992 &ndash; Ryan Truex, American race car driver
*1992 &ndash; Takuya Terada, Japanese singer, actor, and model
*1997 &ndash; Ciara Bravo, American actress
*  1997   &ndash; Rieko Ioane, New Zealand rugby union player

## Deaths
### Up to 1900 
*978 &ndash; Edward the Martyr, English king (b. 962)
*1076 &ndash; Ermengarde of Anjou, Duchess of Burgundy (b. 1018)
*1086 &ndash; Anselm of Lucca, Italian bishop (b. 1036)
*1227 &ndash; Pope Honorius III (b. 1148)
*1272 &ndash; John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel (b. 1246)
*1308 &ndash; Yuri I of Galicia
*1314 &ndash; Jacques de Molay, Frankish knight (b. 1244)
*  1314   &ndash; Geoffroy de Charney, Preceptor of Normandy for the Knights Templar
*1321 &ndash; Matthew III Csák, Hungarian oligarch (b. c.1260/5)
*1582 &ndash; Juan Jauregui, attempted assassin of William I of Orange (b. 1562)
*1675 &ndash; Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1606)
*1689 &ndash; John Dixwell, English soldier and politician (b. 1607)
*1745 &ndash; Robert Walpole, English scholar and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1676)
*1768 &ndash; Laurence Sterne, Irish novelist and clergyman (b. 1713)
*1781 &ndash; Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, French economist and politician, Controller-General of Finances (b. 1727)
*1823 &ndash; Jean-Baptiste Bréval, French cellist and composer (b. 1753)
*1835 &ndash; Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish–Prussian politician and diplomat (b. 1769)
*1845 &ndash; Johnny Appleseed, American gardener and missionary (b. 1774)
*1871 &ndash; Augustus De Morgan, Indian–English mathematician and academic (b. 1806)
*1898 &ndash; Matilda Joslyn Gage, American author and activist (b. 1826)
*1900 &ndash; Hjalmar Kiærskou, Danish botanist (b. 1835)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
*1907 &ndash; Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist and politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1827)
*1913 &ndash; George I of Greece (b. 1845)
*1918 &ndash; Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, American architect, designed the Plaza Hotel (b. 1847)
*1930 &ndash; Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, American painter (b. 1863)
*1936 &ndash; Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek journalist, lawyer, and politician, 93rd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1864)
*1939 &ndash; Henry Simpson Lunn, English businessman, founded Lunn Poly (b. 1859)
*1941 &ndash; Henri Cornet, French cyclist (b. 1884)
*1947 &ndash; William C. Durant, American businessman, co–founded General Motors and Chevrolet (b. 1861)
*  1954   &ndash; Walter Mead, English cricketer (b. 1868)
*1956 &ndash; Louis Bromfield, American environmentalist and author (b. 1896)
*1962 &ndash; Walter W. Bacon, American accountant and politician, 60th Governor of Delaware (b. 1880)
*1964 &ndash; Sigfrid Edström, Swedish businessman, 4th President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1870)
*1965 &ndash; Farouk of Egypt (b. 1920)
*1973 &ndash; Johannes Aavik, Estonian philologist and poet (b. 1880)
*1977 &ndash; Marien Ngouabi, Congolese politician, President of the Republic of the Congo (b. 1938)
*  1977   &ndash; Carlos Pace, Brazilian race car driver (b. 1944)
*1978 &ndash; Leigh Brackett, American author and screenwriter (b. 1915)
*  1978   &ndash; Peggy Wood, American actress (b. 1892)
*1980 &ndash; Erich Fromm, German psychologist and philosopher (b. 1900)
*1982 &ndash; Patrick Smith, Irish farmer and politician, Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (b. 1901)
*1983 &ndash; Umberto II of Italy (b. 1904)
*1984 &ndash; Charley Lau, American baseball player and coach (b. 1933)
*1986 &ndash; Bernard Malamud, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1914)
*1988 &ndash; Billy Butterfield, American trumpet player and cornet player (b. 1917)
*1990 &ndash; Robin Harris, American comedian (b. 1953)
*1993 &ndash; Kenneth E. Boulding, English–American economist and activist (b. 1910)
*1996 &ndash; Odysseas Elytis, Greek poet and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
*2000 &ndash; Eberhard Bethge, German theologian and academic (b. 1909)

### From 2001 
*2001 &ndash; John Phillips, American singer–songwriter and guitarist (The Mamas & the Papas) (b. 1935)
*2002 &ndash; R. A. Lafferty, American soldier and author (b. 1914)
*2003 &ndash; Karl Kling, German race car driver (b. 1910)
*  2003   &ndash; Adam Osborne, Thai–English engineer and businessman, founded the Osborne Computer Corporation (b. 1939)
*2004 &ndash; Harrison McCain, Canadian businessman, co–founded McCain Foods (b. 1927)
*2006 &ndash; Dan Gibson, Canadian photographer and cinematographer (b. 1922)
*2007 &ndash; Bob Woolmer, Indian–English cricketer, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1948)
*2008 &ndash; Anthony Minghella, English director and screenwriter (b. 1954)
*2009 &ndash; Omid Reza Mir Sayafi, Iranian journalist and blogger (b. 1980)
*  2009   &ndash; Natasha Richardson, English–American actress (b. 1963)
*2010 &ndash; Fess Parker, American actor and businessman (b. 1924)
*2011 &ndash; Warren Christopher, American lawyer and politician, 63rd United States Secretary of State (b. 1925)
*2012 &ndash; Furman Bisher, American journalist and author (b. 1918)
*  2012   &ndash; William R. Charette, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1932)
*  2012   &ndash; William G. Moore Jr., American general (b. 1920)
*  2012   &ndash; George Tupou V of Tonga (b. 1948)
*2013 &ndash; Muhammad Mahmood Alam, Pakistani general and pilot (b. 1935)
*  2013   &ndash; Henry Bromell, American novelist, screenwriter, and director (b. 1947)
*  2013   &ndash; Clay Ford, American lawyer and politician (b. 1938)
*2014 &ndash; Catherine Obianuju Acholonu, Nigerian author, playwright, and academic (b. 1951)
*  2014   &ndash; Kaiser Kalambo, Zambian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1953)
*  2014   &ndash; Lucius Shepard, American author and critic (b. 1943)
*2015 &ndash; Zhao Dayu, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1961)
*  2015   &ndash; Thomas Hopko, American priest and theologian (b. 1939)
*  2015   &ndash; Grace Ogot, Kenyan nurse, journalist, and politician (b. 1930)
*2016 &ndash; Barry Hines, English author and screenwriter (b. 1939)
*  2016   &ndash; Jan Němec, Czech director and screenwriter (b. 1936)
*  2016   &ndash; Tray Walker, American football player (b. 1992)
*  2016   &ndash; Guido Westerwelle, German lawyer and politician, 15th Vice-Chancellor of Germany (b. 1961)
*2017 &ndash; Chuck Berry, American guitarist, singer and songwriter (b. 1926)
*  2017   &ndash; Sergei Gimayev, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1955)
*  2017   &ndash; Ashwin Sundar Indian racing driver (b. 1985)
*  2017   &ndash; Miloslav Vlk, Czech cardinal (b. 1932)
*  2017   &ndash; Bernie Wrightson, American illustrator and comic book artist (b. 1948)
*2018 &ndash; Barkat Gourad Hamadou, former Prime minister of Djibouti (b. 1930)
*  2018   &ndash; Li Ao, Chinese–Taiwanese social commentator and historian (b. 1935)
*  2018   &ndash; Ivor Richard, Baron Richard, British politician and diplomat (b. 1932)
*2019 &ndash; Egon Balas, Romanian mathematician (b. 1922)
*  2019   &ndash; György Baló, Hungarian broadcaster (b. 1947)
*  2019   &ndash; John Carl Buechler, American visual effects artist, actor and movie director (b. 1952)
*  2019   &ndash; Jerrie Cobb, American aviator (b. 1931)
*  2019   &ndash; Kenneth To, Hong Kong–Australian swimmer (b. 1992)

## Holidays and observances
* Anniversary of the Oil Expropriation (Mexico)
* Christian feast day:
** Alexander of Jerusalem
** Anselm of Lucca
** Cyril of Jerusalem
** Edward the Martyr
** Fridianus
** Salvator
** March 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
* Earliest date on which Holy Wednesday can fall, while April 21 is the latest; celebrated on the week before Easter (Christianity)
* Flag Day (Aruba)
* Gallipoli Memorial Day (Turkey)
* Men's and Soldiers' Day (Mongolia)
* Ordnance Factories' Day (India)
* Sheelah's Day (Ireland, Canada, Australia)
* Teacher's Day (Syria)

## References