open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mazu (goddess)

**Mazu**, also known as **Matsu**, is a popular Taoist and Chinese Buddhist goddess. She is the goddess and patroness of the sea. She is believed to protect fisherman and sailors. Mazu is widely worshiped in southern China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Fuijian, Guangdong and Hainan. She is popularly known as Empress of Heaven and Holy Mother Empress of Heaven. Her other popular titles are Holy Mother Empress of the Heavens above, Heavenly Imperial Concubine, Lady Mazu, Heavenly Princess consort and Heavenly Holy Mother.

## Life and Death 
Mazu was born on 23 March  906. According to legend when she did not cry when she was born, so she was thereafter named Lin Moniang which means *Silent girl* or *silent young female*. She had a mysterious ability to predict weather and often she warned others to not make journeys to the sea. She became a very good swimmer and would often rescue people from the sea even in the harshest weather. There are at least 2 versions of her death. 

* One legend tells that Mazu went out into the sea during a storm to try to find her lost father. Hours passed but still she could not find her father and later died of exhaustion. 

* Another legend tells that Mazu climbed a mountain alone and flew into the heavens and became a goddess.

### Worship  
After her death, her family and many other families of sailors and fishermen started to pray for her heroic acts to try to save those at sea. Soon her worship spread quickly to other parts of Asia. Starting from Fuijian, worship of Mazu spread to neighboring coastal provinces of Zhejiang and Guandong, and thence to all coastal areas of mainland China. Later, due to Chinese immigrants, the worship of Mazu further spread to Taiwan, Vietnam, Japan, Ryuku Islands, and parts of Southeast Asia. Many people soon began to build temples dedicated to Mazu all over the world.  

#### Appearance 
Mazu is usually shown sitting on a throne between two demons known as "Thousand Miles eye" (, Qianli Yan) and "With-the-Wind Ear" ( Shunfeng Er). According to legend, both of them were conquered by Mazu and then both of them fell in love with her. Mazu said she would marry the one that defeats her. Using her martial art skills, Mazu defeats them both and they become her friends. She is usually dressed in a red robe in paintings and murals, but in sculptures she is clothed in jewel-festooned robes of an empress holding a ceremonial tablet or a jeweled staff whilst wearing the easily recognized flat-topped imperial cap with hanging beads at the front and back.
Queen Mary's Peak

'''Queen Mary's Peak''' is the summit of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in the South Atlantic Ocean. The top of it is 2,062 metres (6,765&nbsp;feet) above sea level. It is named after Mary of Teck, the Queen consort of King George V. It is the highest point of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

The mountain is the peak of the large shield volcano which forms the island. The crater at the top is  wide, with a heart-shaped lake. This lake is normally frozen during the winter, and the upper slopes of the volcano are covered in snow.

The only recorded historical eruption occurred in 1961 from a small crater on the north shore of the island. The island community had to be evacuated.

Queen Mary's Peak was used by sailors on the route from Europe to the Indian Ocean and beyond as a navigational aid. In the 17th century the East India Company instructed captains to sail via Tristan.

## Climbing the peak
The first known attempt to go up to the peak was in 1793 by the French naturalist Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars. He could not get to the top. However, he collected hundreds of plants. Today, Queen Mary's Peak makes a wonderful but steep climbing route. Climbing it can take 5 to 10 hours, depending on the ability of the walker. Visitors are required to use a local guide if they want to go to *The Peak*.

## References
## Other websites
* Queen Mary's Peak in SummitPost.org
* Queen Mary's Peak in Peakbagger.com
The Smurfs 2

***The Smurfs 2*** is a 2013 computer-animated comedy movie. It is the sequel to the 2011 movie *The Smurfs*. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Katy Perry, Christina Ricci, and Jonathan Winters. This was the last movie by Jonathan Winters. It was released on July 31, 2013. The movie was created by the company Sony Pictures Animation. The movie got a 14% on Rotten Tomatoes.
Carlos Schneeberger

**Carlos Alberto Schneberger Lemp** (born 21 June 1902 in Lautaro, Chile died 1 October 1973 in Temuco, Chile) was a Chilean football attacker.
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World

'''''It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World''''' is a 1963 American comedy movie. It is about when a thief hid a large amount of money and causes a madcap cross-country rush to find the money. It stars Spencer Tracy, Mickey Rooney, Peter Falk, Carl Reiner, Milton Berle, Jimmy Durante, Phil Silvers, Sid Caesar, Ethel Merman and Jonathan Winters. It won one Academy Award for Best Effects.

## Other websites 
*
*It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) The Movie Database
*Something a Little Less Serious: A Tribute to 'It's a Mad Mad Mad Mad World' A 1991 documentary about the film. The Movie Databse
The Smurfs (movie)

***The Smurfs***, also known as '''''Smurf'd'''*, is a 2011 animated comedy movie that is based on the comics *The Smurfs* by Peyo. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Katy Perry, and Jonathan Winters. The movie was released on July 29, 2011 to mixed reviews. A sequel entitled *The Smurfs 2'' was released on July 31, 2013.
## Cast
### Live-action cast
* Neil Patrick Harris as Patrick Winslow
* Jayma Mays as Grace Winslow
* Hank Azaria as Gargamel
* Sofia Vergara as Odile Angelou
* Tim Gunn as Henri
* Joan Rivers as a party guest
* Liz Smith as a party guest
* Tom Colicchio as a party guest
* Olivia Palermo as a party guest
* Michael Musto as a party guest
### Voice Cast
* Jonathan Winters as Papa Smurf
* Alan Cumming as Gutsy Smurf
* Lucille Bliss as Smurfette
* Danny Goldman as Brainy Smurf
* Michael Bell as Grouchy Smurf and Handy Smurf
* Anton Yelchin as Clumsy Smurf
* Kenan Thompson as Greedy Smurf
* Alan Oppenheimer as Vanity Smurf
* Wolfgang Puck as Chef Smurf
* Frank Welker as Hefty Smurf and Azrael
* June Foray as Jokey Smurf
* B.J. Novak as Baker Smurf
* Tom Kane as Narrator Smurf
* John Kassir as Crazy Smurf
* Alan Young as Farmer Smurf
Banquo

**Banquo** is a character in William Shakespeare's 1606 play *Macbeth*. He was a friend of the play's villain Macbeth. Banquo was the thane of Lochaber. He was killed by murderers hired by Macbeth so that he doesn't get in the way of Macbeth's reign as king. His son, Fleance was with him during the attack and lives.

## References
Rex Harrison

**Sir Reginald Carey Harrison** (5 March 1908 &ndash; 2 June 1990) was a British actor. He began his stage career in 1924. He won a Tony Award in 1949, and another for his role of Professor Henry Higgins in the stage production of *My Fair Lady* in 1957. He played the role in the 1964 movie version, and won a Golden Globe Award and Best Actor Oscar. Harrison appeared in many films including *Cleopatra* (1963) and *Doctor Dolittle* (1967). He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1989. Harrison wrote two autobiographies. One was published in 1975, and the other after his death in 1991. He was married six times. He had two sons. He died in June 1990.

## Other websites 
*
My Fair Lady (movie)

***My Fair Lady*** is a 1964 movie based on Lerner and Lowe's 1957 stage musical of the same name. The musical and movie are based on the movie adaptation of the stage play *Pygmalion* by George Bernard Shaw. The movie was directed by George Cukor. It stars Rex Harrison and Audrey Hepburn. The story is about phonetics professor Henry Higgins. He wagers that he can turn flower girl Eliza Doolittle (Audrey Hepburn) into a proper English high society lady. The movie won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture,  Best Actor (Harrison), and Best Director.

Julie Andrews was the original Eliza in the stage musical. Audrey Hepburn was cast as the movie Eliza because studio head Jack Warner wanted "a star with a great deal of name recognition". Julie Andrews did not have any movie experience. He thought a movie with her would not be as successful as a movie with Hepburn. Andrews went on to star in Disney's *Mary Poppins* that same year. She won the Best Actress Academy Award over Hepburn.

## References
Sugar Hill, Georgia

**Sugar Hill** is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia.  The city is in Gwinnett County and is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area.  Sugar Hill has a population of 25,076 according to the 2020 United States Census.  This makes it the fourth-largest city in Gwinnett County.

## History
Sugar Hill was created by the State of Georgia's government in 1939, and when the Sugar Hill was created it was called the Town of Sugar Hill.  The town was renamed to the City of Sugar Hill in 1975.  Before Sugar Hill was a town, the area was part of a road that went from a railroad stop in Buford, Georgia to the city of Cumming, Georgia.  Sugar Hill was named when a large shipment of sugar spilled along the route, and people started calling the area "the hill where the sugar spilled" or "the sugar hill".

## References
Gold farming

**Gold farming** is playing a massively multiplayer online game to get virtual currency that other players buy in exchange for actual money. Some people in China and other developing nations have had full-time jobs as gold farmers.

## References
Spanglish (movie)

***Spanglish*** is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama movie written, directed and co-produced by James L. Brooks. It stars Adam Sandler, Téa Leoni and Paz Vega.

Sandler plays chef John Clasky; Leoni plays his wife, Deborah. They are a rich white American couple who live in Los Angeles with their daughter, son and Deborah's mother. They employ Flor to be their housekeeper. She and her daughter are working-class illegal immigrants from Mexico who move in with the Claskys.

## Related pages 
* Spanglish language

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Keeping Up Appearances

***Keeping Up Appearances*** is a British sitcom by Roy Clarke. It was shown on BBC One from 1990 to 1995 and is set in the West Midlands. It stars Patricia Routledge as middle-aged, middle-class, English housewife Hyacinth Bucket, who has narcissistic and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders and lives in a suburban house with her civil servant husband Richard. She insists that her surname is pronounced Bouquet. She is the eldest of four sisters. She has a gay son who lives away from home and is studying needlework at a polytechnic college. She is proud of her sister Violet, who is married to a rich but eccentric man. Hyacinth is embarrassed by her lazy sister Daisy, her lazy husband Onslow, her histrionic sister Rose and demented father, who are underclass and live in a nearby council house. The sitcom is about Hyacinth's attempts to prove her superiority and high social status (and that of her husband and unseen son), her attempts of being accepted by the upper class and people of high position, and her trying to hide her underclass family.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Boyce Avenue

**Boyce Avenue** is a band formed in Florida. They play pop rock music. They like to make their songs sound more melodical. The group is made up of three brothers. Their names are Alejandro, Fabian and Daniel Manzano. The group began in 2004. They are becoming more and more known by everyone. They chose to call the group *Boyce Avenue* because it is a combination of the two streets they have grown up on.  Boyce Avenue usually play music in Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America.

In 2007, they had decided to put their music on Youtube. Since this moment, they have filmed themselves playing songs that they made or songs that they like from some artists like Rihanna, Coldplay, Lifehouse and Bruno Mars. They also invite new artists like Hannah Trigwell to play as guests.

Almost of the songs that they play are acoustic. The singer, Alejandro, plays the guitar with his other brother Fabian. The oldest brother, Daniel, does all the percussion and sometimes, he plays the bass. Alejandro plays also the piano. Their first big show was in New York City in January of 2009. All tickets were sold. That is when they decided to have more shows all around the world.

They have two albums with only their songs on. The first one is called ''All You're Meant To Be*. This was released in 2008. The second one is *All We Have Left*, made in 2010. All songs that are in those albums were written and produced by them. "Every Breath" is the first single of the second album, *All We Have Left''. This song also has a music video. The group has also five other albums. The songs in those albums are not their songs. It is many different songs from many other artists.

## Albums 
* All You’re Meant to Be (2009)
* All We Have Left (2010)
* Road Less Traveled (2016)

## References
Division of Fraser

The **Division of Fraser** was an Australian Electoral Division in the Australian Capital Territory and the Jervis Bay Territory. It was set up in 1974 when the Division of Australian Capital Territory was changed. It is named for Jim Fraser, who was member for Australian Capital Territory 1951-70. It includes the area north of the Molonglo River and Lake Burley Griffin, Belconnen, Gungahlin, and North Canberra. It also includes Jervis Bay Territory.

## Members
## Election results
* 2004 election results
* 2007 election results
* 2010 election results
* 2013 election results 

## References
## Other websites
* Division of Fraser - Australian Electoral Commission
* Andrew Leigh's website
Jerry Siegel

**Jerome "Jerry" Siegel** (October 17, 1914 &ndash; January 28, 1996) was an American comic book writer and artist. He is known for creating Superman. He won many awards and was honored many times for his creation. 

Siegel was born on October 17, 1914 in Cleveland, Ohio to a Jewish family. Siegel studied at Greenville High School. Siegel was married to Joanne Siegel from 1948 until his death in 1996. They had one daughter, Laura. Siegel died from unknown causes in Los Angeles, California, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
*Mike's Amazing World of DC Comics: The DC Database - Jerry Siegel 
*Jerry Siegel Attacks! Translation of Nazi SS article attacking Siegel and Superman
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas

**Edinburgh of the Seven Seas** is the capital and the only settlement of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the South Atlantic Ocean. Locally it is always called "The Settlement".

Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is regarded as the most remote permanent settlement on Earth, being  from the nearest human settlement, on Saint Helena. A military garrison was maintained on the islands as a guard against any French attempts to rescue Napoleon, imprisoned on  Saint Helena. The military garrison remained until the end of World War II.

It is named after Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria, in honour of his visit to the island in 1867, after which the Settlement was officially (but never locally) known as *Edinburgh of the Seven Seas*. The eruption destroyed the settlement's crayfish factory. The following year a Royal Society expedition went to the islands to assess the damage, and reported that the settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas had been only marginally affected. Most families returned in 1963.

After the return of most of the islanders in 1963, the Settlement was rebuilt. The harbour at Edinburgh was named Calshot Harbour, after the place in Hampshire where the islanders temporarily stayed.

Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is the only major settlement of Tristan da Cunha, and contains a small port, the Administrator's residence, and the post office. There is a school, St Mary's School, with five classrooms, a computer room and other facilities.

## Climate
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas has a mild and humid oceanic climate, with moderate temperatures throughout the year.

## Gallery

File:Edinburgh-Tristan.jpg|
File:Edinburgh of the Seven Seas 01.jpg|
File:Edinburgh of the Seven Seas 03.jpg|

## References
## Other websites
* DS World's Lands: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas
* tripadvisor: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas
Nintendo e-Reader

The **e-Reader** is a device made by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance video game console. It is an add-on device which attaches to the Game Boy Advance. It was released in Japan in December 2001 and in North America in September 2002. It is used to read "e-Reader cards," which are paper cards with video game data on it. To use an e-Reader card, the player swipes the card into the e-Reader's slot. e-Reader cards that were released include:

*NES games
*New levels and power-ups for *Super Mario Advance 4: Super Mario Bros. 3*
*New items and designs for *Animal Crossing*
*New trainers that can be battled in *Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire*
*Minigames, including *Mario Party* ones
**Game & Watch* games

The e-Reader was successful in Japan, with many e-Reader cards being released in only in Japan. It was not as successful in North America, where it stopped being made in 2004.
Atlanta metropolitan area

The **Atlanta metropolitan area** is an area around the city of Atlanta. The United States Office of Management and Budget calls the area the "Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area". It is also unofficially known as **Metro Atlanta**.  More people live in the Atlanta metropolitan area than any other metro area in Georgia. It is the sixth largest metro area in the United States.  The Atlanta metropolitan area includes 29 counties in north Georgia. The US Census Bureau estimated that 6,411,149 people lived in the Atlanta metropolitan area in 2024. 

## References
Harry Lennix

**Harry Joseph Lennix III** (born November 16, 1964) or **Harry J. Lennix** is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Terrence "Dresser" Williams in *The Five Heartbeats* and as Boyd Langton in the television series *Dollhouse*. He played General Swanwick in the 2013 movie *Man of Steel*, its 2015 follow-up movie *Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice*, and the 2021 movie ''Zack Snyder's Justice League'', which reveals that Swanwick was actually the Martian Manhunter.

Lennix was born on November 16, 1964 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Quigley Preparatory Seminary South and at Northwestern University.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
The Sound of Music (movie)

***The Sound of Music*** is a 1965 American musical movie. It was directed by Robert Wise. It stars Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer. The movie is based on the Broadway musical *The Sound of Music*. The songs were written by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. The musical was based on the book *The Story of the Trapp Family Singers* by Maria von Trapp. The movie is about a young woman who leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the seven children of a naval officer widower. *The Sound of Music* contains several popular songs, including "Edelweiss", "My Favorite Things", "Climb Ev'ry Mountain", "Do-Re-Mi", "Sixteen Going on Seventeen", and the title song, "The Sound of Music".

*The Sound of Music* was shot on location in Salzburg, Austria; the state of Bavaria in Germany; and at the 20th Century Fox studios in California, USA. The movie won five Academy Awards including Best Picture. It displaced *Gone with the Wind* as the highest-grossing film of all-time. The cast album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year. In 2001, the United States Library of Congress selected the movie for preservation in the National Film Registry as it was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

## References
Screaming Bloody Murder

***Screaming Bloody Murder*** is the fifth studio album by Canadian punk rock band, Sum 41. *Screaming Bloody Murder* was released on March 25, 2011.

The album featured the self-titled single "Screaming Bloody Murder", "Baby, You Don't Wanna Know" and "Blood in My Eyes". "Blood in My Eyes" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards.

It was the last album to feature original drummer, Steve Jocz as he left the band on April 18, 2013. The album received mixed to positive reviews. Grace Duffy of Under The Gun said:
::*"Screaming Bloody Murder” takes things up a notch, with a forceful and cutting rhythm and vocals to match. The undercurrent of rage and disillusionment is one that echoes throughout the record, and the band capture it well here."*

## Songs
All songs written and composed by Deryck Whibley, except where noted.

## References
## Other websites
*
Does This Look Infected?

***Does This Look Infected?*** is the second studio album by Canadian punk rock band, Sum 41. *Does This Look Infected?* was released on November 26, 2002. It's more heavy and less poppy than "All Killer, No Filler.

The album featured the singles "Still Waiting", "The Hell Song" and "Over My Head (Better Off Dead)". It is the only Sum 41 album that has a parental advisory sticker on it. Drummer Steve Jocz is featured on the cover dressed as a zombie. The band said on the DVD Sake Bombs And Happy Endings that the song title "A.N.I.C." stood for Anna Nicole is a Cunt. The band stopped including the song in their live performances after Smith died.

## Songs
## References
James Webb Space Telescope

. It stands two stories high and weighs several tons. Credit: Rob Gutro, NASA/GSFC.]]
**James Webb Space Telescope** (**JWST**) is a telescope that was launched on 25 December 2021.  It is a replacement for the Hubble Space Telescope which was launched in 1990. 

The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was a director at NASA and created the Apollo program that put astronauts on the moon.

It has a main mirror that is  wide. This is 6 times larger in area than Hubble. It is so large that it is made in 18 pieces that fold together during the launch, so that it can fit into a rocket. It is mainly an infrared telescope but also works in the red part of the visible light (the pictures will be coded with false color so we can see them). It is plated with gold because gold reflects infrared very well. It is able to see things that the Hubble Space Telescope cannot. Infrared vision can be used to see heat radiation (like some kinds of night vision goggles), so the telescope itself must be kept as cool as possible. It is protected by a large sunshield the size of a tennis court to keep it cool and dark.

NASA released the first image from JWST on 11 July 2022, the oldest and highest resolution image of the Universe.

## Orbit
The JWST is in orbit far from Earth, to avoid heat radiating from the Earth and moon. This special orbit is beyond the moon, at the second Lagrange point (L2) of the Sun-Earth system, a place of stable gravity. This orbit is  from Earth, about four times farther away from us than the moon.  This keeps it in the Earth's shadow most of the time; it does not actually go around the Earth, but goes around the sun at the same speed as the Earth.

## References
Underclass Hero

***Underclass Hero*** is the fourth studio album by Canadian punk rock band, Sum 41. *Underclass Hero* was released on July 18, 2007, in Japan, July 23, 2007, in Canada and Europe and on July 24, 2007, in the United States.

The album featured the self-titled single "Underclass Hero", "Walking Disaster" and "With Me".

The album was the first that did not feature guitarist Dave Baksh who left the band On May 11, 2006, because of personal reasons. The album received mixed to negative reviews but also received success on the Canadian and on the United States album charts where it reached #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart and also at #7 on the U.S. Billboard 200.

The album was certified in both Canada and Japan where it sold 100,000 Units+ in Japan and 50,000 Units+ in Canada.

## Songs
## References
Derek McLane

**Derek McLane** (born June 14, 1958, in London) is an American set designer for Broadway plays. He did a Master of Fine Arts at Yale School of Drama in Set and Costume Design. He also graduated from Harvard University. He designed many Broadway shows in the last decade, including *The Heiress*, *33 Variations*, *Macbeth*, *Follies*, *Anything Goes*, and *Ragtime*. 

## References
Lagrange point

**Lagrange points** are stable positions near large bodies in orbit. When two large bodies are in orbit around each other, there are places that a third body can occupy. Lagrange points are found in the orbits of Earth and the Sun, or the Moon and the Earth. The most well-known natural occupants of Lagrange points are Trojan asteroids.

The points are *five places where a small object (such as a man-made satellite) can orbit*. At those points, the gravitational forces of the two large bodies and forces due to motion all balance up. So, at those places, a small object keeps more or less in a stable position. Dust clouds, asteroids, and man-made satellites are found in those points.

This effect is named after the mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange, who wrote a paper on this in 1772 (long before we put satellites into orbit).  

The five places are called L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5.  The first three (L1, L2, L3) are called metastable because if a satellite gets a bit out of place, it will fall away from that point, and not come back without using fuel.  L4 and L5 are considered stable - if a satellite gets a bit out of place, it will be pulled back into place by the gravity and centripetal forces, and oscillate around the Lagrange point. This can result in very wide swings around L4 and L5, sometimes called by such names as "tadpole" and "horseshoe" orbits.

NASA has inserted satellites into two Lagrange points of the Sun-Earth system. The L1 point (between the Earth and the sun) is used for satellites in a halo orbit to watch the sun, looking for solar flares. The L2 point (beyond the Earth) is used for space telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope launched on 25 December 2021.  It is a million miles (about 1.5 million kilometers) from Earth. 
s]]

Because L4 and L5 are stable, they have attracted dust clouds. The Earth-Sun system has attracted a few asteroids and the bigger planets have more and larger ones. These asteroids are called *Trojan asteroids*.

## References
Stangmore Park

**Stangmore Park** is a football ground in Dungannon, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is the home ground of Dungannon Swifts and Warrenpoint Town. The stadium holds 5,000 people. It has 600 seats.

## Sources
Pannotia

**Pannotia** (also called Greater Gondwanaland or the Vendian supercontinent) is a Neoproterozoic supercontinent. It may have existed during the Ediacaran period (~600 mya), to the end of the Precambrian (about 541 mya). After that, it split into smaller continents. The small ones were Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica, with the main landmass Gondwana south of them.

## Lifespan 
About 750 million years ago the older supercontinent Rodinia split apart into three continents. These were earlier forms of Laurasia and Gondwana, and the continental craton of Congo. About 600 milion years ago, they formed Pannotia.

Pannotia did not last for long. The collisions that formed Pannotia were brief collisions, and the continents making up Pannotia already had active rifting. By about 550 million years ago, Pannotia separated into four continents. This means it only lasted for about 50 million years. Later the four landmasses would combine again to form the next supercontinent, Pangaea.

## Related pages 
* Plate tectonics 
* Rodinia
* Pangaea

## References
## Other websites
* An image showing Pannotia according to Christopher Scotese. (*it is referred to as the late Precambrian Supercontinent in the image*).
* 
*
Camelot (musical)

***Camelot*** is a musical. Alan Jay Lerner wrote the book and lyrics. Frederick Loewe wrote the music. The musical is based on T. H. White's novel, *The Once and Future King*. It tells the story of King Arthur and his knights in Camelot. 

The original 1960 production was directed by Moss Hart. It ran on Broadway for 873 performances. It starred Julie Andrews, Robert Goulet, and Richard Burton. 

The original production was followed by several revivals and foreign shows. In 1967, a movie version starring Richard Harris, Franco Nero, and Vanessa Redgrave was released. The original cast album was America's top-selling LP for 60 weeks. The musical has become associated with John F. Kennedy's Presidential Administration.
Chur

.]]
**Chur**  or  **Coire** is the capital city of the canton of Graubünden (also called *Grisons*). About 34.000 people live in the city, which is probably the oldest in Switzerland. The city is on the Rhine River.

The name "chur" may come from the Celtic word *kora* or *koria*, meaning "tribe", or from the Latin *curia*

Archaeological evidence that people lived here goes back as far as the Pfyn culture (3900-3500 BC), Various artefacts from the Bronze Age and Iron Age have been found in the city. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur was created in  the 4th century. It was probably the first Roman Catholic diocese to be created north of the Alps.

On 1 January 2020, the municipality Maladers became part of Chur. On 1 January 2021, Haldenstein became a part of Chur.

## References 
## Other websites 
*City of Chur – official website 
*Chur tourism office
*Chur on Graubünden Holidays, Switzerland; official Graubünden tourism office - English
Seiko Matsuda

is a Japanese pop singer-songwriter and actress. She is nicknamed the "Eternal idol" by the Japanese media for her popularity in the 1980s and her long career. She is the mother of Sayaka Kanda.

## Discography 
### Albums 
### Singles 
## Notes 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Official website in English
*
East Syriac Rite

The **East Syriac Rite**, or the **East Syrian Rite** (and also known as the **Assyrian Rite**, **Edessan Rite**, **Persian Rite**, **Nestorian Rite**, **Chaldean Rite**, **Babylonian Rite**, or **Syro-Oriental Rite**) is a Christian rite that was traditionally practiced by the Church of the East and remains in use by its descendants. It is one of two Syriac rites, the other being the West Syriac Rite. 

Thomas the Apostle established Christianity in Mesopotamia, Assyria, and Persia, when he travelled to India. The First Council of Ephesus in 431, said that the ideas and teachings of Nestorius were false. These teachings are commonly known as Nestorianism. The Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon did not share this opinion, and split from the other churches. The church was very successful, and quickly spread. The conquest of Tamerlane in the 15th century  almost destroyed the church, and reduced itto a few communities. Differences in opinion resulted in the current situation. 

## Usage 
The East Syriac Rite is currently used, in different ways, by churches that descend from the Church of the East:

* Assyrian Church of the East in Iraq
** Chaldean Syrian Church in India, archbishopric of the ACOE
* Ancient Church of the East in Iraq, autocephalous church that split in 1964
* Chaldean Catholic Church based in Baghdad
* Syro-Malabar Catholic Church based in India

Of these churches, the Chaldean and Syro-Malabar Catholic Churches are in full communion with Rome. All churches use the Syriac language (specifically the Eastern dialects) in their liturgy.

## References
Nena

**Gabriele Susanne Kerner** (born 24 March 1960), better known by her stage name **Nena**, is a German singer and actress. She is best known for the New German Wave song "99 Luftballons". In 1984, she re-recorded this song in English as "99 Red Balloons".

## References 
## Other websites
* Official Web Site 
*
Eros Ramazzotti

**Eros Luciano Walter Ramazzotti ** (born October 28, 1963), known simply as **Eros Ramazzotti**, is an Italian pop singer and musician. Ramazzotti is popular in Europe and the Spanish-speaking world. He has released most of his albums in both Italian and Spanish.

## Discography
* *Cuori agitati* (Troubled Hearts) (1985)
* *Nuovi eroi* (New Heroes) (1986)
* *In certi momenti* (At Certain Times) (1987)
* *Musica è* (Music Is) (1988)
* *In ogni senso* (In Every Sense) (1990)
* *Tutte storie* (All Stories) (1993)
* ''Dove c'è musica*  (Where Music Is) (1996)
* *Stilelibero*  (Freestyle) (2000)
* *9* (2003)
* *Calma apparente* (Apparent Calm) (2005)
* *Ali e radici* (Wings and Roots) (2009)
* *Noi'' (We) (2012)

## References
Flash Forward

***Flash Forward*** was the first Disney Channel original TV series. It was produced in Canada by Global Television. The show was meant for pre-teens and teenagers. It was on the Disney Channel from 1995-1997.

The show is about two best friends, Tucker and Rebecca, and their neighbors. They are in the eight grade. The show was produced by Atlantic Films. The show had 26 episodes and only one season.

## Characters 
*Tucker "Tuck" James is played by Ben Foster
*Rebecca "Becca" Fisher is played by Jewel Staite
*Miles Vaughn is played by Theodore Borders
*Christine "Chris" Harrison is played by Asia Vieira
*Horace James is played by Ricky Mabe
*Ellen Fisher is played by Rachel Blanchard (ep 1-4) and Robin Brûlé

## Other websites 
* 
*
Sayaka Kanda

was a Japanese actress and singer. She was the daughter of J-pop star Seiko Matsuda and actor Masaki Kanda.

## Career
In 1999, while a student at a Japanese school in Los Angeles, she appeared in *Bean Cake*. The short film won the Palme d'Or du court métrage at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. In 2005, she released a DVD called *Dolls*.

She made her *Kōhaku Uta Gassen* debut in the 62nd *Kōhaku Uta Gassen* (12/31/2011) singing *Ue wo muite arukō* with her mother, Seiko Matsuda.

## Death
Kanda died after jumping from the fourteenth floor of her hotel room in Sapporo, Japan on December 18, 2021. She was 35 years old.

## Discography
### Singles
* "Ever Since" (2002)
* "Garden" (2003)
* "Mizu Iro" (2004)
* "Jougen no Tsuki" (2005)

### Albums
* *Doll* (2005)
* *Liberty* (2011)

## Filmography
* *Bean Cake* (2001)
* *Dragon Head* (2003)
* *School Wars: Hero* (2004)
* *HEY JAPANESE! Do you believe PEACE, LOVE and UNDERSTANDING?* (2007)
* *Farewell, Kamen Rider Den-O: Final Countdown* (2008)
* Amazing Grace (2010)
* Geki×Cine Bara to Samurai(2011)

## References 
## Other websites 
* White Parasol 
*
The Jersey

***The Jersey*** is a television show. It was produced by the Disney Channel. The show is based on the *Monday Night Football Club* books by Gordon Korman.

Production on the show ended in April 2001. However, new episodes were shown until 2004. The last few episodes aired early Saturday mornings. After 64 episodes were shown, *The Jersey* was removed in June 2004. The show was on the Disney Channel from January 30, 1999 – March 23, 2004.

## About the show 
*The Jersey* is about four teenagers who discover the magic of "the jersey". The Jersey is a mysterious football jersey. It can transport them into the bodies of professional athletes. In each episode, a different athlete is shown. The show has several sports superstars as guest actors including, Dan Lyle, Michael Andretti, Terrell Davis, David Robinson, Malik Rose, Tony Gonzalez, Shannon Sharpe, Donovan McNabb, Byron Dafoe, Michael Strahan, Kurt Warner, Stephon Marbury, Sergei Fedorov, Kordell Stewart, Jerome Bettis, Junior Seau, Scott Steiner, Eddie George, Sabrina Bryan, Randy Johnson, Tony Hawk, Laila Ali, Peyton Manning, and Danny Farmer.

## Cast
* Michael Galeota as Nick Lighter
* Courtnee Draper as Morgan Hudson
* Jermaine Williams as Coleman Galloway
* Brianne Prather as Hilary Lighter
* Cheselka Leigh as Willa Conklin
* Theo Greenly as Elliot Rifkin
* Anna Newman as Mrs. Lighter
* Meagan Good as Tamika
* Vance Yudell as Phill Parker

## Other websites 
*  
*
Totally Hoops

***Totally Hoops*** is a Disney Channel reality show. The show is about the experiences of eleven teenage girls. They were on the Dayton, Ohio Lady Hoopstars. They were a 14-and-under AAU basketball team, throughout the year 2000.

## The Hoopstars
* 5  - Maria Getty: 5'8" guard, age 13
* 11 - Lauren Bahun: 5'8" guard, age 14
* 12 - Shelby Georges: 5'7" guard, age 13,
* 13 - Alisha Grusz: 5'9" forward, age 13
* 20 - Michele DeVault: 5'10" center, age 14
* 22 - Aisha Jefferson: 5'8" forward, age 13
* 23 - Ashley Burtsfield: 5'8" guard, age 13
* 24 - Kristen Shenk: 5'9" guard, age 14
* 25 - Lindsey Goldsberry: 5'8" guard, age 13
* 32 - Ashley Brown: 5'10" forward, age 13
* 45 - Tiffany Williams: 6'0" center, age 13
* Coach: Steve Douglas

## Episodes
## Other websites
* 
*
Ana Johnsson

**Anna Lovisa Johnsson** better known by her stage name **Ana Johnsson** () (born October 4, 1977 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a Swedish singer and songwriter.

## Personal life
Johnsson currently lives in Stockholm, Sweden, and is engaged. Johnsson gave birth to her first child, a boy, on June 1, 2011. Johnsson names Foo Fighters, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Creed, Erykah Badu and Jane's Addiction as her favorite bands.

## Discography 
### Albums 
**Cuz I Can*  released 14 Aprile 2004 (Bonnier Music)
**The Way I Am*  released 15 September 2004 (Bonnier Music)
**Little Angel*  released 18 October 2006 (Bonnier Music)

### Singles 
**Cuz I Can* (2004)
**Life* (2004)
**The Way I Am* (2004)
**We Are* (2004)
*''Don't Cry for Pain* (2004/2005)
**Coz I Can* (2005)
**Days of Summer* (2006)
**Exception* (2006)
**Catch Me If You Can* (2007)
**Break Through Time'' (2007)

## References
## Other websites
*Official English website 
*
Bug Juice

***Bug Juice*** is a Disney Channel reality series. It was on the channel from February 28, 1998 – October 15, 2001. The show is centered around 20 kids and their experiences at a summer camp. The kids are seen working hard in their activities and building friendships. The phrase "bug juice" is a camping slang word for a very sweet juice drink made from powdered mixes, such as Kool-Aid. This is often served at summer camps.

After the show ended, *Bug Juice* did not appear on Disney Channel until the summer of 2004. The first season was shown and the last episode aired on August 20, 2004. This was the last time it was on Disney Channel. During the summer of 2006, Disney began adding mini episodes of *Bug Juice* on its website. The mini episodes were only five minute clips from the first season. *Bug Juice* was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4's *The Bigger Breakfast*.

## Season One 
The first season took place in Waterford, Maine at Camp Waziyatah. They have been open since 1922.

### Episodes 
# "Camp Waziyatah"
# "Getting to Know You"
# "To Clique...or Not to Clique"
# "Adventure Bound: Bushwack"
# "Molecules Colliding"
# "Boys-to-Men Talent Show"
# "Unity Campfire"
# "Aftershocks"
# "No Pain, No Gain"
# "Nice Guys Finish Last"
# "Goodbye, Session One"
# "Ch, Ch, Changes"
# "Session 2"
# "Turn, Turn, Turn"
# "When the Boys Go Away, Girls Will Play"
# "We Shall Overcome"
# "Flirting with Disaster: Co-Ed Canoe Trip"
# "The Last Hurrah"
# "So Long, Farewell"
# "Scrapbook"

## Season Two 
The second season took place in Horse Shoe, North Carolina at Camp Highlander.

### Episodes 
# "Your Adventure Starts Here"
# "You Never Know Until You Try"
# "Odd Man Out"
# "You Get What You Give"
# "Brits, Fights, & Videotape"
# "Old Friends & New Friends"
# "I'm Gonna Walk Those Fears Right Outta My Head"
# "First Farewells"
# "Bringing on the New Recruits"
# "The Dance of Love"
# "Climbing Toward Acceptance"
# "Outside Looking In"
# "You Don't Have to be a Star to Shine"
# "July Goodbye"
# "New Kids on the Bus"
# "Discovering Your Inner Camper"
# "Countdown Begins"
# "War Breaks at Highlander"
# "And the Winner Is..."
# "See Ya, Highlander"

## Season Three 
The third season took place in Tererro, New Mexico at Brush Ranch Camp.

### Episodes 
# "Welcome to Brush Ranch Camp"
# --
# --
# --
# --
# "Choices and Consequences"
# --
# --
# -- 
# --
# --
# --
# --
# --
# --
# --
# --
# --
# "Gettin' Dirty"
# "End of Brush Ranch"

## Other websites 
* Camp Waziyatah - Location for season one
* 
*
Claude Le Jeune

**Claude Le Jeune** (1528 or 1530&ndash;1600) was a composer of the Renaissance. His most famous music was "Revecy venir du printemps". He was a Franco Flemish, possibly French composer. He was born in Valenciennes, and died in Paris.
Sabine Moussier

**Diana Sabine Moussier** (; born August 23, 1966) is a German-Mexican actress who is best known for her villainous roles in Televisa's telenovelas.

## Filmography 
** Television **

** Theatre **

## Awards and nominations 
** Premios TVyNovelas **

** Premios ACE **

## Other websites
*Sabine Moussier at the Internet Movie Database
Totally Circus

***Totally Circus*** is a half hour American children's reality television series. It aired on the Disney Channel from June 16 to September 24, 2000. It is similar to *Bug Juice*, another Disney Channel show.

## Episodes
## Other websites
* 
*
In a Heartbeat

***In a Heartbeat*** was a Disney Channel TV show. The show was inspired by real life emergency medical technician (EMT) squads. Their staff members were high school students from all over the United States. The show followed the lives of several teenagers. They volunteered as part-time EMTs while going to school. They also try to maintain their lives as normal teenagers. In Canada, the show was on the Family Channel. The show is based on Post 53. Post 53 is a real EMT emergency response program run by high school students in Darien, Connecticut.

## Cast
### Main
* Danso Gordon as Hank Beecham
* Reagan Pasternak as Val Lanier
* Shawn Ashmore as Tyler Connell
* Christopher Ralph as Jamie Waite
* Lauren Collins as Brooke Lanier
* Jackie Rosenbaum as Caitie Roth

## Episodes
### Season 1
## Other websites 
* 
*
Steny Hoyer

**Steny Hamilton Hoyer** (born June 14, 1939) is an American politician. Hoyer is the U.S. Representative for Maryland's 5th congressional district, serving since 1981. The district includes a large area of rural and suburban territory southeast of Washington, D.C.. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Hoyer was the House Majority Leader from 2019 to 2023.

He was first elected in a special election on May 19, 1981 and served as the House Majority Leader from 2007 to 2011. He had previously served as House Minority Whip from 2003 to 2007, and was reelected to that post in 2011. These positions make him the second-ranking figure in the House Democratic Leadership hierarchy.

Hoyer was born on June 14, 1939 in New York City, New York. He is of Danish descent. Hoyer studied at University of Maryland, College Park and at Georgetown University. He was married to Judith Hoyer until her death in 1997. They had three children.

In July 2018, Hoyer was hospitalized at George Washington University Hospital for pneumonia. In February 2022, he tested positive for COVID-19.

He announced on November 17, 2022 that he, along with Pelosi, would not seek a leadership position in the 118th Congress, although he would remain a member of the House of Representatives.

In January 2026, Hoyer announced that he would not run for a 24th term in the U.S. House in the 2026 election.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Steny Hoyer *official U.S. House site*
* Office of Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer  *official site*
* Majority Leader Steny Hoyer AmericPAC
The Famous Jett Jackson

***The Famous Jett Jackson*** is a Canadian and American Disney Channel TV series. It is a coming-of-age television show for children between the ages of 12-16. The show is about a guy named Jett Jackson (Lee Thompson Young). He plays a teenage secret agent on a fictional TV show called *Silverstone*. 

The show was on the Disney Channel from October 25, 1998 – June 22, 2001. It was removed from the channel in June 2004. It once aired on ABC Family. The show was also seen again on Disney XD in 2009. The *Jett Jackson: The Movie* aired on Disney Channel in 2001. 

## Cast 
### Main 
* Lee Thompson Young as Jett Jackson/Silverstone
* Ryan Sommers Baum as J.B. Halliburton
* Kerry Duff as Kayla West
* Gordon Greene as Woodrick Jackson
* Montrose Hagins as Miz Coretta
* Melanie Nicholls-King as Jules Jackson

### Other 
* Jeffrey Douglas as Cubby
* Lindy Booth as Riley Grant/Hawk
* Nigel Shawn Williams as Nigel Essex/Artemus

## Awards and nominations 
The show *The Famous Jett Jackson* and its young cast were nominated for Young Artist Awards, presented by the nonprofit Young Artist Foundation, in several categories in the course of the show's run:

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
John Thune

**John Randolph Thune** (born January 7, 1961) is an American politician. Thune is the senior United States Senator from South Dakota and a member of the Republican Party. He used to be a United States Representative for South Dakota's at-large congressional district. In 2025, he became the Senate Majority Leader.

Thune was born on January 7, 1961 in Pierre, South Dakota. He is of Norwegian descent. Thune studied at Biola University and at the University of South Dakota. He has been married to Kimberley Weems since 1984. They have two children.

Thune was selected by the Senate Republican Conference to become the Majority Whip for the 116th Congress, replacing Senator John Cornyn of Texas, who was term limited in the position. In 2021, he became Senate Minority Whip.

In 2024, Thune was elected to be the Senate Republican leader, replacing Mitch McConnell. Thune is the first Senate party leader to have originally taken office as a senator in the 21st century.

## References
## Other websites
*United States Senator John Thune *official U.S. Senate site*
*Friends of John Thune *official campaign site*
*www.amazon.com
*Profile  from SourceWatch
*Representative-Elect John Thune (R-SD) profile from CNN, 1996
Nicholas Tse

**Nicholas Tse** (also known as **Tse Ting-fung**, , born 29 August 1980) is a Hong Kong singer, songwriter, martial artist musician, actor and entrepreneur. Tse is a member of the Emperor Entertainment Group.

## Early life
Tse was born at St Teresa’s Hospital in Ma Tau Wai, Kowloon, He is eldest son of Actor Patrick Tse and second wife Deborah Lee, He have one sister Jennifer Tse.

Tse get married to Cecillia Cheung, They have two son Lucas and Quintius.

## References
## Other websites
*
Diana's Peak

'''Diana's Peak''' is the highest point on the island of Saint Helena. It is  high. It is of volcanic origin.

It was made a national park in March 1996, the first on the island. It is covered by many tree ferns.

The peak is at the point where three districts meet: Sandy Bay (southwest), Levelwood (east) and Longwood (north). The nearest settlements are Bamboo Hedge (the main settlement of Sandy Bay District), Hutt's Gate (in Longwood District) and Levelwood Village. Diana's Peak is part of the Peaks Ridge, a narrow and short mountain range in the centre of the island. Other peaks there are Mt. Actaeon and Cuckold's Point.

## Other websites
* Photos of the Diana's Peak National Park  

## References