open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Investment bank

An **Investment Bank** is a business that helps other businesses (and also governments) borrow money and/or allow businesses to partially or fully sell themselves to other people and businesses. Unlike a regular bank, they do not typically lend their own money or use their own money to buy part or all of a business. They help to match the business financing need to investors who are seeking to earn money by either lending to the business or owning part of the business.

In the mid 20th century, certain investment banks started to help their business clients to sell their business entirely to other businesses instead of to investors, as well as to help businesses decide what other business they should buy, with a fee based on the sale price of the business. This is called Mergers and Acquisitions. There are many small investment banks that only offer this activity, and do not help businesses to borrow money or sell ownership in the business. 

An investment bank helps businesses to borrow money using a  contract known as a bond, and to sell ownership in the company using a contract known as stock**.** Most countries have  government rules about these processes. The business must operate and disclose their financial results in a certain manner.  They can then borrow money using bonds and sell ownership using stock to the public. People can sell bonds and stock without being responsible for the operation and financial disclosures of the business. 

Some reasons that a business might choose to borrow money from investors instead of a bank may include:

* The for lower interest rates
* An interest rate that is fixed (cannot changed) for a longer time than most banks would normally allow
* Investors might be more willing to lend to a company more at risk at not being able to pay than a bank would be willing to do

Some reasons that a business owner would agree to use an investment bank to sell part or all of their business to other investors include:

* To earn a profit on the amount they initially invested in the business (because there might be a larger number of buyers willing to buy businesses that are publicly traded, the price received for the business might be higher than if the owner sold the business to another individual)
* To raise money that the business can use to further grow
* To raise funds to pay back money that was borrowed for the business that the business owner might not be able to otherwise pay back
Investment Banks work with two kinds of customers, one being the businesses/governments which desire to borrow funds or sell ownership, and the individuals and other businesses who want to earn a profit on their money by lending to or owning other businesses.
Wiesław Rudkowski

**Wiesław Ksawery Rudkowski** (17 November 1946 &ndash; 14 February 2016) was a Polish boxer. He was born in Łódź. He competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, losing in the final against Dieter Kottysch. 

Rudkowski died from a heart attack on 14 February 2016 in Warsaw. He was 69.

## References
## Other websites
* Wiesław Rudkowski Olympic results
2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of second round

This is the **Results of the second round of 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A**.

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Tories

The **Tories** were one of the two political parties which existed in Britain from the 17th to the early 19th centuries. They were the opponents of the Whigs, which were for a long time the ruling party.

The Tories were first part of the Parliament of England, the legislature of the kingdom of England. After the Acts of Union 1707, the Tories were part of the United Kingdom's Parliament of Great Britain, and after the Act of Union 1800 they were part of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The Tories were originally (1678 to about 1770) the supporters of the Catholic kings (Charles I and II, James I and II), limiting the power of UK Parliament and supporting freedoms for Catholics. Later, (1780 to 1830) they became the **New Tory Party**, and were again a successful party able to hold government.

The most famous leaders of the New Tory Party were William Pitt the Younger, and Robert Peel the industrialist. Benjamin Disraeli built the modern Conservative Party out of the remains of the New Tory Party.

## References
James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie

**James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie** KT, PC (22 April 1812&nbsp;– 19 December 1860), known as **The Earl of Dalhousie** between 1838 and 1849, was a Scottish statesman and a colonial administrator in British India. He served as Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.

He introduced the Doctrine of Lapse.Several independent Indian states were annexed under this policy-Satara,Nagpur,Jhansi and many others. Kingdoms like Awadh were annexed using a strategy known as misgovernment.

Lord Dalhousie has made contributions to modern India by constructing railways and roads.He built the first railway line which was between Bombay and Thane.He passed The Hindu Remarriage Act in 1856.
State supreme court

In the United States, a **state supreme court** (known by other names in some states) is the highest judicial tribunal in the court system of a particular state. 

Generally, the state supreme court, like most appellate courts, is exclusively for hearing appeals from lower courts. 

Many states elect their state Supreme Court justices and/or use elections to retain judges. Since 2000, the amount of money raised by judicial candidates has risen enormously. Special interest groups have d to many of these campaigns raising questions of impartiality. The US Supreme Court, in *Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co.* (2009) in a 5-4 decision, ruled that an elected state supreme court judge sitting on a case involving a campaign contributor was a violation of due process.  

## References
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party

The **General Secretary of the Communist Party of China** is the leader of the Communist Party of China and the highest-ranking official within China. The General Secretary is a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat. The officeholder is usually considered the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China.

According to the Constitution, the General Secretary serves as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, the main governing group in China. Since the early 1990s, the holder of the post has been, except for transitional periods, the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. This means that the holder is also the commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army.

The current General Secretary is Xi Jinping. He took office on 15 November 2012.

## References
President of China

The **President of China** (officially '''President of the People's Republic of China''') is the head of state of the People's Republic of China (PRC). On paper, the presidency is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers.  However, in recent years the General Secretary of the Communist Party has also served simultaneously as President. His election to the office makes him paramount leader of China. The office is classified as an institution of the state rather than an administrative post.

The current President is Xi Jinping. He took office on 14 March 2013.

## References
Premier of the People's Republic of China

The **Premier of China**, officially "Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China", is the leader of the State Council of China, who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service.

The Premier is formally approved by the National People's Congress upon the nomination of the President. In practice, the candidate is chosen through an informal process within the Communist Party of China. Both the President and the Premier are selected once every five years. The Premier has always been a member of the powerful Politburo Standing Committee.

The current Premier is Li Qiang, who took office on 11 March 2023.

## Notes
## References
Forced migration

s during the partition of India in 1947. Considered to have been the largest migration in human history, millions of people were displaced by force.]]

**Forced migration**, or **forced** **displacement**, involves people being made to leave their home or homeland. It is usually caused by violence, persecution, danger, or an authority (such as a government) telling people to move. People are removed by force or by a threat or . Those who have been forced to migrate are called "forced migrants" or "displaced persons" They may be called a refugee, but that term has a specific legal definition.

Migration of people constantly happens, but in a stable society, that is usually because a person chooses to do it. Forced migration occurs when people's lives, well-being, or freedom is endangered. They may have little or no choice but to move. In some cases, such as human trafficking and slavery, people are physically removed from their homes.

Occasionally, a government forces people and communities out of their homes or homelands for the purposes of economic development or the military. That has been most often been associated with the building of dams and military bases.

Migration may also be forced by natural disasters, when people are forced to evacuate an area. That is usually temporary, and people can then return to their land once it is safe. Otherwise, such forced migration violates Fourth Geneva Convention.

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has stated for 32 yeaes that Afghanistan produces the largest number of refugees each year. Almost half of the refugees are children under the age of 18. Many of them are separated from their parents.

## Related pages 
* Asylum seeker
* Deportation

## References 
## Other websites 
* What is Forced Migration? , an introductory guide for those who are new to the subject.
Pat Conroy

**Pat Conroy** (October 26, 1945 &ndash; March 4, 2016) was an American author. He has written several famous novels and memoirs. Two of his novels, *The Prince of Tides* and *The Great Santini*, were made into movies that were nominated for Academy Awards. He was known as a leading writer of late-20th century Southern literature.

Conroy died on March 4, 2016 from pancreatic cancer in Beaufort, South Carolina. He was aged 70.

## References
Ali Brownlee

**Alastair** "**Ali**" **Brownlee** (1959 &ndash; 14 February 2016) was a English radio broadcaster. He was born in Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire. He was best known for his coverage of Middlesbrough Football Club on BBC Tees from 1982 onwards. His connection to the club earned him the honorific "Voice of the Boro".

Brownlee was a bank manager before becoming a sports commentator.

Brownlee died on 14 February 2016 at a hospital in Linthorpe, Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire. He had suffered from bowel cancer for three months. He was aged 56.

## References
## Other websites
* End of an era for radio duo
Fighton Simukonda

**Fighton Simukonda** (2 February 1958 – 15 February 2016) was a Zambian football player and coach. He was part of the Nkana Red Devils team during the 1980s. He won five league titles. He was also captain of the Zambian national team. As a coach, he won several Zambian Premier League titles. He became the first coach to lead a Zambian club to the group phase of the CAF Champions' League.

Simukonda died on 15 February 2016 from complications of diabetes. He was aged 58.

## Honours
### Club honours
*Zambian League Title: 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986 and 1988 
*Zambian Charity Shield: 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1989
*Independence Cup: 1981 and 1986 
*Heinrich Cup/Chibuku Cup/Heroes & Unity Cup:  1983
*Champion of Champions: 1986

### National honours
*CECAFA Cup: 1984 in Kenya
*MPLA Trophy: 1986 in Angola

### Coaching honours
*Zambian Premier League: 2005, 2006 and 2010
*Mosi Cup: 1994, 1996
*BP Top 8: 1995, 2008
*Coca-Cola Cup: 2004
*Barclays Cup: 2004, 2010
*Charity Shield: 2006, 2011
*COSAFA Cup: 1998

### Personal
The Nchanga Rangers coach died on 15 February 2016 in Chililabombwe's Konkola Mine Police after a battle with Diabetes Mellitus.

### Individual honours
*Zambian Coach of the Year: 2005, 2009 and 2010

## References
Patriarch Kirill of Moscow

**Kirill** or **Cyril** (, secular name **Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyayev**, ; born 20 November 1946) is a Russian Orthodox bishop. He became Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' and Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church on 1 February 2009.

Before becoming Patriarch, Kirill was Archbishop (later Metropolitan) of Smolensk and Kaliningrad from 26 December 1984. He was also Chairman of the Russian Orthodox Church's Department for External Church Relations and a permanent member of the Holy Synod beginning in 1989.

## Other websites
* Metropolitan Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad
* Patriarch Kirill in the social network VKontakte (official profile)
Burr–Hamilton duel

duelling with Aaron Burr]]
The **Burr–Hamilton duel** was a duel fought between two well-known American politicians. It was between the former secretary of the treasury Alexander Hamilton and sitting vice president Aaron Burr. It took place on July 11, 1804. The duel was caused by a long and bitter rivalry between the two men. At Weehawken, in New Jersey, Burr shot and wounded Hamilton. Hamilton was carried to the home of William Bayard on the Manhattan shore, where he died the next day. The duel ended Burr's political career.

## References
Girls (TV series)

***Girls*** is an American comedy drama television series. The show ran on HBO from April 15, 2012 to April 16, 2017. It was created by Lena Dunham, who plays Hannah.

The show is about the lives of four young women living in Brooklyn, New York City.

## Awards won 
## References
Ottoman Turkish

**Ottoman Turkish** , or the **Ottoman Turkish language** ( ) (also known as   or  , "Turkish"), is a type of Turkish language that was used in the Ottoman Empire between the 13th and 20th centuries. It was heavily influenced by Arabic and Persian. It was written in the Arabic and Persian alphabets. When the Ottoman Empire was at its most powerful, Arabic and Persian words made up to 88% of its vocabulary. Words of Arabic and Persian origins heavily outnumbered native Turkish words.

## Related pages 
* Turkish language
* Turkic languages

## References
Triangle Marsh

**Triangle Marsh** is a wetland in the San Francisco Bay area. It is at the base of Ring Mountain at the north end of the Tiburon Peninsula in Marin County, California.

## References
## Other websites
* C. Michael Hogan (2008) *Ring Mountain*, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham
* Marin Audubon Society Restoration Page
University of Tromsø

**University of Tromsø** (UiT, *"The arctic university of Norway"*) is a university in Norway. The main campus is in Tromsø. It also has campuses in Alta, Hammerfest, Harstad and Narvik. The main campus is located north on the Tromsø island in Troms county.

The university was founded in 1971 by the Norwegian government. It has had four mergers since then:
* with Tromsø University College in 2009
* with Finnmark University College in 2013 
* with Harstad University College in 2016
* with Narvik University College in 2016

When UiT merged with Tromsø University College it became the oldest school in Norway. Tromsø University College was founded on 7 February 1826. It was then called Trondenes seminar.

## References
Juramaia

***Juramaia*** is the earliest known eutherian mammal. It is a small shrew-like mammal of body length about 70100 mm. It is an extinct genus  from the Upper Jurassic deposits of western Liaoning, China. 

A nearly complete skeleton, with an incomplete skull with full dentition was found. It was collected in the Daxigou site, Jianchang, from the Tiaojishan Formation. It is dated at about 160 million years ago.

The discovery of *Juramaia* provides new insight into the evolution of eutherian mammals. It shows their lineage diverged from that of the marsupials 35 million years earlier than previously thought. 

The forelimb bones have climbing adaptations, so it is suggested  that the basal stock of Eutheria was arboreal.

## Related pages 
* *Eomaia*
* *Sinodelphys*

## References
Nishagandhi Puraskaram

**Nishagandhi Puraskaram** () is an award given out by the government of Kerala in India. It is given out every year by the Tourism department. It is awarded to artists in the fields of dance and music.

The award comes with 1,50,000 rupees, a citation and a statuette. It is awarded as  part of the Nishagandhi Dance and Music Festival, which is held in January every year. This is a cultural annual programme of the Tourism department of Kerala. The award ceremony takes place at the Nishagandhi theatre in the Kanakakkunnu Palace ground in Trivandrum, the capital city of Kerala. The award was introduced to make the festival more popular on a national and international level. Hindustani musician Lalith J Rao and Bharata Natyam artist Padma Subrahmanyam won the awards in the next years (2014 and 2015).  The most recent recipient of the award in 2016 is the music director Ilayaraja.

## Laureates 
## References
Slobodan Santrač

**Slobodan Santrač** (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Сантрач; 1 July 1946 – 13 February 2016) was a Yugoslav and Serbian football manager and player. He was the all-time top scorer of the Yugoslav First League with a total of 218 goals. He was also the top scorer in the history of OFK Beograd. 

After finishing his playing career, Santrač was manager of numerous clubs and national teams. He reached the knockout stage with FR Yugoslavia at the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France.

On 13 February 2016, Santrač died of a heart attack in Belgrade. He was aged 69.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
### Managerial
## Honours
### Player
**OFK Beograd**
* Yugoslav Cup: 1965–66
**Partizan**
* Yugoslav First League: 1977–78
* Mitropa Cup: 1977–78
**Galenika Zemun**
* Yugoslav Second League: 1981–82
**Individual**
* Yugoslav First League Top Scorer: 1967–68, 1969–70, 1971–72, 1972–73
* European Bronze Shoe: 1971–72

### Manager
**Shandong Luneng**
* Chinese Jia-A League: 1999
* Chinese FA Cup: 1999
**Individual**
* Chinese Football Association Coach of the Year: 1999

## References
Brachial plexus

The **brachial plexus** is a group of nerves. It runs from the vertebral column to the arm. 

## Structure
The brachial plexus is divided into five *roots*, three *trunks*, six *divisions*, three *cords*, and five *branches*. 

### Roots
The five **roots** come out of the spinal cord. They are each named after the part of the spinal cord they come out of: C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1.

### Trunks
These roots join to form three **trunks**:
* "upper" (C5-C6)
* "middle" (C7)
* "lower" (C8-T1)

### Divisions
Each trunk then splits into two **divisions**:
* anterior (front) divisions of the upper, middle, and lower trunks
* posterior (back) divisions of the upper, middle, and lower trunks

### Cords
These six divisions join up again to become the three **cords**. 
* The *posterior cord* is formed from the three posterior divisions of the trunks (C5-C8,T1)
* The *lateral cord* is formed from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks (C5-C7)
* The *medial cord* is simply a continuation of the anterior division of the lower trunk (C8,T1)
### Diagram
### Nerves
The nerves that come out of the brachial plexus include:
* Radial nerve
* Axillary nerve
* Musculocutaneous nerve
* Median nerve
* Ulnar nerve

## Related pages 
*Brachial artery
Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

**The Seventh Amendment** (**Amendment VII**) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. This amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases. It also stops courts from overturning a jury's verdict. The Seventh Amendment's provision for jury trials in civil cases has never been incorporated (applied to the states). However, the rights to civil jury trials are found in nearly every state constitution. *United States v. Wonson* (1812) established the "historical test", which interpreted the amendment as relying on English common law to determine whether a jury trial was necessary in a civil lawsuit. The amendment thus does not guarantee trial by jury in cases under maritime law, in lawsuits against the government itself, and for many parts of patent claims. In all other cases, the jury can be waived by consent of the parties. The amendment also guarantees a minimum of six members for a jury in a civil trial. 

## Text
## Background 
The 7th Amendment was ratified on December 15, 1791 as one of ten amendments in the Bill of Rights. But the  for its passing began in England during the 12th century. At the time juries were made up of 12 men who gave their opinions in a trial. The 12-man jury originally included the accusers against the defendant, a supposed enemy of the king. Eventually this led to a system where the jury made a verdict based on evidence. The practice followed English colonists to the American colonies. But juries became a tool used to express American discontent with British rule. A series of Navigation Acts prohibited the American colonies from trading directly with the Netherlands, Spain, France, and their colonies. As more and more trade restriction were imposed, the American colonists turned to smuggling. When smugglers were caught, they were brought before juries made up of other colonists. These sympathetic juries often acquitted their fellow colonists. The king, angered at these lawbreakers going free, created new courts that did not allow juries. This was a breach of common law practice and infringed on their rights as British citizens. After the American Revolutionary War, the Seventh Amendment was written to expressly limit the powers of the executive and the Judicial branches of the new federal government.

## Notes 
## References
Eddie Barry

**Edward Thomas "Ed" Barry** (October 12, 1919 – February 12, 2016) was an American professional ice hockey player. Barry also played for the Boston Olympics of the Eastern Hockey League and the Boston Bruins, and later became the coach at Boston State College. He has been a member of the Northeastern University athletics Hall of Fame since 1976, and a member of the UMass Boston Hall of Fame since 2003.

Barry died on February 12, 2016 from complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was under hospice care in Needham, Massachusetts at the time. He was aged 96.

## References
Christopher Zeeman

**Sir Erik Christopher Zeeman** FRS (4 February 1925 – 13 February 2016), was a British mathematician. He was known for his work in geometric topology and singularity theory. Zeeman's main contributions to mathematics were in topology, particularly in knot theory, the piecewise linear category, and dynamical systems.

## Other websites
* 
* Interview in *CIM Bulletin* 2001 
* Three references for further reading 
* Bibliography 
* Zeeman's Catastrophe Machine
** Zeeman's Catastrophe Machine in Flash 
** AMS — The Catastrophe Machine
** Doctor Zeeman's Original Catastrophe Machine
* "The Cusp of Catastrophe: René Thom, Christopher Zeeman and Denis Postle" in *Maps of the Mind* Charles Hampden-Turner.  Collier Books, 1981. 
* Mathematics into Pictures , Christopher Zeeman's 1978 Royal Institution Christmas Lectures
Arnold Rüütel

**Arnold Rüütel** OIH () (10 May 1928 &ndash; 31 December 2024) was an Estonian politician who was the 3rd President of Estonia from 2001 to 2006.

He served as the last Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR from April 8, 1983 to March 29, 1990, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR (from May 8, 1990: Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia) from March 29, 1990 to October 6, 1992 and was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. 

He was the second President since Estonia regained independence in 1991. Rüütel also served as one of fifteen Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Rüütel died on 31 December 2024 in Tallinn, Estonia at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
* About Arnold Rüütel in *The President of the Republic of Estonia* homepage
* Biography of Arnold Rüütel
Zhu Rongji

**Zhu Rongji** (; born 1 October 1928) is a Chinese politician. He served as Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991. He then served as Vice Premier and then fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile  at China Vitae
Annie Glenn

**Anna Margaret "Annie" Glenn**, (née **Castor**; February 17, 1920 &ndash; May 19, 2020) was an American activist and philanthropist. She was the widow of former astronaut and Senator John Glenn. She was added into the National Stuttering Association Hall of Fame.

She was known for her works to raise awareness of children and adults with disabilities such as stuttering. She suffered from it during her early years until it went away when she was in her 50s.

Glenn was born in Columbus, Ohio. She studied at Muskingum College. Glenn married John Glenn in 1943. Together, they had two children. Glenn died at a nursing home in St. Paul, Minnesota on May 19, 2020 at the age of 100. The cause of death was COVID-19.

## References
Li Peng

**Li Peng** (20 October 1928 &ndash; 22 July 2019) was a Chinese politician. He served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China, between 1987 and 1998. He also served as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body from 1998 to 2003.

Li is controversial for his role in the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989. As Premier, he declared martial law and supported the military's action against the protesters, which led to many deaths. This decision made him a widely criticized figure.

Li died on 22 July 2019, at the age of 90 from an illness at a hospital in Beijing.

## References
## Other websites
*Li Peng human rights lawsuit 
*Li Peng biography @ China Vitae, the web's largest online database of China VIPs
Vanity (singer)

**Denise Katrina Matthews**, also known as **Vanity** (January 4, 1959 – February 15, 2016), was a Canadian-American singer, songwriter, actress, dancer and model. She was the lead singer of the female trio Vanity 6 between 1981 until it disbanded in 1983. The group was well known for their 1982 hit song "Nasty Girl".

Vanity also had a successful acting career, starring in movies, including *Action Jackson* and *The Last Dragon*. 

In 1994, Vanity converted to Christianity.

Vanity was born in Niagara Falls, Ontario. She died of complications from peritoneal dialysis in a Fremont, California hospital. She was 57.

## References
## Other websites
*
The Selfish Gene

***The Selfish Gene*** is a book on evolution by Richard Dawkins, published in 1976. It builds upon the work of George C. Williams's  book: *Adaptation and Natural Selection*, and helped popularize W.D. Hamilton's work. 

Dawkins used the term "selfish gene" as a way of expressing the "gene-centred view of evolution". From the gene-centred view, it follows that the more two individuals are genetically related, the more sense (at the level of the genes) it makes for them to behave selflessly with each other. 

An organism evolves to maximise its inclusive fitness—the number of copies of its genes passed on globally (rather than by a particular individual). 

Dawkins proposes the idea of the "replicator":
:"[About] the central role in natural selection... One way of sorting this whole matter out is to use the terms ‘replicator’ and ‘vehicle’. The fundamental units of natural selection, the basic things that survive or fail to survive, that form lineages of identical copies with occasional random mutations, are called replicators. DNA molecules are replicators. They generally, for reasons that we shall come to, gang together into large communal survival machines or ‘vehicles’."
::— Richard Dawkins, *The Selfish Gene*, p. 253 (Anniversary Edition)

The book also coins the term *meme* for a unit of human cultural evolution analogous to the gene. 

## References
Miss Israel

, Miss Israel 2004]]

**Miss Israel** is a beauty contest in Israel. It has been held every year since 1950. The winner competes in the Miss Universe contest and the second place competes in the Miss World contest.
Panzerchrist

**Panzerchrist** is a Danish blackened death metal band. It was formed in 1993–1994 by Michael Enevoldsen (after he left Illdisposed) and Danish artist Lasse Hoile.

## History 
Panzerchrist recorded a few demos and was signed by Serious entertainment. *Six Seconds Kill* was released by Serious Entertainment in 1996, and in 1998 they released *Outpost Fort Europa*. In 2000, Panzerchrist was joined by drummer Reno Killerich (ex-Exmortem, Vile, etc.) and Bo Summer (also of Illdisposed). They recorded *Soul Collector*, which focused on World War II and had German lyrics. *Soul Collector* was released by Mighty Music in 2000.

In 2002, the band was joined by Frederik O'Carroll and Rasmus Henriksen. They began work on the violent *Room Service*. It featured compositions that were very loud and fast, including a cover of the Metal Church classic "Metal Church". *Room Service* was recorded at Tue Madsen's "Antfarm Studios" (The Haunted, Illdisposed, Mnemic etc.) and was released by Mighty Music in 2003. The name of each song on the album *Room Service* are the first word(s) to be sung on each song. Each song on the album *Room Service* ends with the words "Death, forever panzer" – except the song "Metal Church", since it is a cover.

In 2006, Panzerchrist drummer Killerich and Karina Bundgaard, now on keyboards, rejoined for the recording of *Battalion Beast*. This was released by Neurotic Records in 2006. This album features the words "Christ, thy name is panzer" at the end of each song.

## References
Whip (disambiguation)

A **whip** is a long strand of leather with a hard handle, used for directing or hitting animals or people.

**Whip** may also refer to:

* Chain whip, a martial arts weapon
* Flogging, punishment using a whip
* Whip (dance), a popular dance move
* Whip (instrument), a percussion instrument
* Whip (politics), a political party's discipline official
Bill Dana

**Bill Dana** (October 5, 1924 &ndash; June 15, 2017) was an American comedian, actor and screenwriter. He often appeared on television shows such as *The Ed Sullivan Show*. He was known for appearing as a heavily accented Bolivian character named José Jiménez.  Dana often portrayed the Jiménez character as an astronaut.

Dana died at his home in Nashville, Tennessee on June 15, 2017 at the age of 92.

## References
State Council of the People's Republic of China

The **State Council** is the cabinet of the People's Republic of China. Currently, the council has 35 members: the premier, four vice premiers, five state councilors (of whom two are also ministers), and 25 additional ministers and chairs of major agencies, including the Taiwan Affairs Office. Constitutionally, the State Council is the same as the '''Central People's Government''' since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments).

In the politics of China, the Central People's Government forms one of three interlocking branches of power, the others being the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army. The State Council directly oversees the various subordinate People's Governments in the provinces, and in practice maintains membership with the top levels of the Communist Party of China.

## References
National People's Congress

The '''National People's Congress** (usually abbreviated **NPC''') is the national legislature of the People's Republic of China. It had 2,987 members in 2013. It is the largest parliament in the world. Under China's current Constitution, the NPC is unicameral; it is not divided into a lower house and an upper house. It the power to legislate, to oversee the operations of the government, and the power to elect the major officers of state.
Hu Chunhua

**Hu Chunhua** (; born April 1963) is a Chinese politician born in Hubei Province.

In 1979, Hu was admitted to Beijing University. He graduated from Beijing University in 1983. After graduation, Hu volunteered to work in Tibet autonomous region. During 1988 ~ 1992 he worked in Tibet, Hu Jingtao was the local Communist Party chief. In 1997, he left Tibet and worked as leader in Communist Youth League of China.

In 2001, Hu Chunhua returned to Tibet. This time he worked there as senior party and government official. After 5 years of rich experience, in December 2006, he was promoted to the chief of Communist Youth League of China in Beijing.

In March 2008, Hu was appointed as deputy party chief of CPC in Hebei province; and nominated to be the candidate of provincial governor. In April, he was appointed as Hebei governor; and officially elected as governor in January 2009.

In November 2009, Hu was appointed as CPC party chief on Inner Mongolia autonomous region.

In November 2012, Hu was promoted to the powerful Communist Party's Politburo. He was assigned the Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong province, the province's top political office. Hu and another Communist Party's Politburo member Sun Zhengcai Hu were seen as promising candidates in the 'sixth generation' of Chinese leadership. However, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, changed the traditional power transfer rule. While Hu was not as unfortunate as Sun who was charged and sentenced (in 2018) due to corruption, he failed to enter the leadership core of CPC - the Politburo Standing Committee.

## References
Bořek Šípek

**Bořek Šípek** (14 June 1949 – 13 February 2016) was a known Czech architect and designer. He was born in Prague. Šípek was known for his individual, unusual, colorful and rich style. He experiments with unexpected and often weird shapes. Šípek has been called the father of "neo-baroque". His architectural works and other designs are known worldwide.

He was the architect of Prague Castle under the presidency of Václav Havel, and designed Havel's Place. Šípek was knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He had three sons, one of them with Leona Machálková.

Šípek died on 13 February 2016 from cancer in Prague. He was aged 66.

## References
Sun Zhengcai

**Sun Zhengcai** (; born September 25 1963) was a Chinese politician and senior regional official before his fall from power in 2017. 

Sun joined Communist Party of China (CPC) in July 1988. He was a member of the CPC Central Committee since 2007. Since November 2012, Sun has been the Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing, an interior municipality, and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China. Before that, he served as the Party Secretary of Jilin province, and Minister of Agriculture of China. 

Sun is the youngest member of the 18th Politburo, and one of only two members born after 1960, the other being Hu Chunhua. As such, Sun and Hu were considered to be a leading candidate for a top leadership position in the "6th Generation of Chinese leadership". On July 24, the Chinese official news agency reported that Sun violated CPC's disciplines. On September 29, Sun was stripped of his CPC membership, fired from his government position, and charged for crime. On May 8, 2018, Sun was sentenced for life in prison.

## References
Castillo

**Castillo** may refer to:

## Places
### Dominican Republic 
*Castillo, Dominican Republic, a town in Duarte Province, Dominican Republic

### Spain 
*Castillo, Álava, a village in the Basque Country
*Castillo-Albaráñez, a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha
*Castillo de Garcimuñoz, a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha
*Castillo-Nuevo, a town in Navarre
*Montealegre del Castillo, a municipality in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha

### Nicaragua 
*El Castillo (municipality), a municipality in the Río San Juan department
*El Castillo (village), a village in the Río San Juan department
Undue burden standard

The **undue burden standard** is a constitutional test created by the Supreme Court of the United States. The test, first developed in the late 19th century, is widely used in American constitutional law. In short, the Undue Burden standard says the legislature cannot make a particular law that is too some or ive of one's fundamental rights.

One use of the standard was in *Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia,* 328 U.S. 373 (1946). In a 7-to-1 ruling, Associate Justice Stanley Forman Reed fashioned an "undue burden" test to decide the constitutionality of a Virginia law requiring separate but equal racial segregation in public transportation. "There is a recognized abstract principle, however, that may be taken as a postulate for testing whether particular state legislation in the absence of action by Congress is beyond state power. This is that the state legislation is invalid if it unduly burdens that commerce in matters where uniformity is necessary—necessary in the constitutional sense of useful in accomplishing a permitted purpose."

More recently, the standard has been used in cases involving state s on a woman's access to abortion. The standard was applied by Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor in her dissent in *City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health,* 462 US 416 (1983). O'Connor used the test as an alternative to the strict scrutiny test applied in *Roe v. Wade,* 410 U.S. 113 (1973).

## References
El Oasis

**El Oasis** is a rural community in Ojinaga Municipality, Chihuahua, Mexico. It had a population of 475 inhabitants at the 2010 census. It is also situated at 1,204 meters above sea level.

## References
February 2016 Ankara bombing

The **February 2016 Ankara bombing** was a car bombing in Ankara, Turkey, in the afternoon of 17 February 2016. It set several vehicles alight. An operation was launched against the suspected attackers.

## References
Mohamed Hassanein Heikal

**Mohamed Hassanein Heikal** (23 September 1923 – 17 February 2016) was an Egyptian journalist. For 17 years (1957–1974), he was editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper *Al-Ahram*. He was a commentator on Arab affairs for more than 50 years. He was born in Cairo, Egypt.

Heikal died in Cairo, Egypt from renal failure on 17 February 2016. He was aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Various articles, *Al-Ahram Weekly*
Akbar Kakkattil

**Akbar Kakkattil** (7 July 1954 – 17 February 2016) was an Indian short-story writer and novelist. He was born in Kerala state. His works are known for their unique narrative style which has been seen as full of humour. His work, "Sarga Sameeksha", about a young writer with the iconic writers of the old generation is perhaps the first of its kind in an Indian language.

Kakkattil died in a hospital in Kerala from lung cancer on 17 February 2016. He was aged 62.

## References
## Other websites
* The Hindu Thursday, February 26, 2009 : – Award for Malayalam writer Akbar Kakkattil 
* http://qa.in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail.html?news_id=46429 
* The Hindu Sunday, Feb 08, 2004-Akbar Kakkattil wins best novelist award 
*
Andrzej Żuławski

**Andrzej Żuławski** (; 22 November 1940 – 17 February 2016) was a Polish movie director and writer. He was born in Lwów, Poland (now Ukraine). 

In the late 1950s, he studied filmmaking in France. His second movie *The Devil* (1972) was banned in Poland, and Żuławski went to France. After the success of *That Most Important Thing: Love* in 1975, he returned to Poland where he spent two years making *On the Silver Globe* (1988). After that, Żuławski moved to France where he became known for controversial and violent art-house movies. Żuławski is also known for his work with actresses including Romy Schneider, Isabelle Adjani and Sophie Marceau.

Żuławski died of pancreatic cancer in Warsaw on 17 February 2016. He was aged 75.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Andrzej Żuławski atCulture.pl
Mies Bouwman

**Maria Antoinette "Mies" Bouwman** (31 December 1929 &ndash; 26 February 2018) was a retired Dutch television presenter. She was born in Amsterdam. She started her career on the very first broadcasting evening of the Dutch broadcasting association KRO (Catholic Radio Broadcaster) on 16 October 1951.

Bouwman developed and hosted *Eén van de acht*. It was known in the UK as *The Generation Game*. She hosted many talk shows, as well as the Dutch version of *This Is Your Life*. She stopped her regular work after falling sick but has occasionally returned for special programs.

Bouwman died on 26 February 2018 in Elst, Netherlands of cardiomyopathy at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
Casas

**Casas** may refer to:

## People
*Casas (surname)

## Places
### Argentina 
* Casas, locality in the province of Santa Fe.

### Mexico 
* Casas Municipality, Tamaulipas
* Casas Grandes, prehistoric archaeological site in Chihuahua
* Casas Grandes, Chihuahua
* Casas Grandes Municipality
* Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chihuahua
* Nuevo Casas Grandes Municipality

### Spain 
#### Andalusia 
* Benalup-Casas Viejas, municipality in the province of Cádiz;
* Casas Bajas, locality in the province of Granada.

#### Castilla-La Mancha 
* Casas de Juan Núñez, municipality in the province of Albacete
* Casas de Lázaro, municipality in the province of Albacete
* Casas de Ves, municipality in the province of Albacete
* Casas-Ibáñez, municipality in the province of Albacete
* Casas de Benítez, municipality in the province of Cuenca
* Casas de Fernando Alonso, municipality in the province of Cuenca
* Casas de Garcimolina, municipality in the province of Cuenca
* Casas de Guijarro, municipality in the province of Cuenca
* Casas de Haro, municipality in the province of Cuenca
* Casas de los Pinos, municipality in the province of Cuenca

#### Extremadura 
* Casas de Don Antonio, municipality in the province of Cáceres
* Casas de Don Gómez, municipality in the province of Cáceres
* Casas de Millán, municipality in the province of Cáceres
* Casas de Miravete, municipality in the province of Cáceres
* Casas del Castañar, municipality in the province of Cáceres
* Casas del Monte, municipality in the province of Cáceres
* Casas de Don Pedro, municipality in the province of Badajoz
* Casas de Reina, municipality in the province of Badajoz

### Other
* CASAS (testing organization)
Casas de los Pinos

**Casas de los Pinos** is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 531.

## References
Bursitis

**Bursitis** is a painful condition. Small sacs called bursae get inflamed. Bursae are pockets between your muscles and your bones. Your bursa help you move without pain. In bursitis, the inflammation is often caused by extra fluid in the bursae. The most common places to have bursitis are in your hip and shoulder. You can also have bursitis in your elbow, knee and toe.

## Symptoms 
One of the most common symptoms of bursitis is pain. It can also cause stiffness and swelling. Pain happens when you move your joints.

## Causes 
The most common cause of bursitis is moving your joints too much. Swelling can happen when the joint locks.

## Treatment 
There are a few ways to treat bursitis. The best way to treat bursitis is to rest the joint and to lift it up. You can also put a medicine called cortisone into the hurt bursa. You should put it on ice for twenty minutes three to four times a day.

## References
Zaï

**Zaï** is a technique used in agriculture. Holes are dug in the soil to catch water. They have been used in the western Sahel area to make soil healthier and grow more plants.

Yacouba Sawadogo, a farmer from Burkina Faso, is bringing back zaï holes. He came up with the idea of filling them with manure and compost as food for plants. The manure attracts termites, whose tunnels help further break up the soil. He also made the holes slightly bigger than the traditional ones. Zaï holes help trees, sorghum, and millet make up to 500% more food or wood. 

## References
Yacouba Sawadogo

**Yacouba Sawadogo** (4 April 1946 — 4 December 2023) was a farmer from Burkina Faso, a country in West Africa. He used a traditional farming technique called Zaï to help soil damaged by drought. He is notable for spreading an improved soil and water conservation practice in Burkina Faso.

Together with Mathieu Ouédraogo, another local farmer, Yacouba Sawadogo tried different ways of fixing bad soil in about 1980. He uses simple traditional things: cordons pierreux (lines of stones) and zaï holes. Both Sawadogo and Ouédraogo have tried to get other people to do the same things.

### Cordons pierreux (stone lines)
Cordons pierreux are thin lines of fist-sized stones laid across fields. They catch water. When rain falls, it pushes silt (special dirt) across top of the field. The rocks slow down the water so it soaks into the ground more. The silt also makes a good place for seeds of local plants to grow. The plants slow the water even more, and their roots break up the soil, so it's easier for more water to soak in.

### Zaï holes
Zaï holes are holes dug in the soil. They also catch water, but in a different way. They used to only be used a little bit to make land better for growing plants. Yacouba Sawadogo had the idea to fill the holes with manure and other things to make food for the plants. The manure attracts termites, whose tunnels help break up the soil even more. He also made the holes slightly bigger than the traditional ones.

## Problems with Burkina Faso Government
Yacouba Sawadogo's work with zaï holes helped him make a forest of about fifty acres (20&nbsp;hectares). The nearby city of Ouahigouya took the land to make money.  Sawadogo and his family members each get one tenth of  out of the plot, and don't get any other payment.

## References
Lacrimal bone

The **lacrimal bone** is the smallest bone in the face; about the size of the little fingernail. It is at the front of the inside wall of the eye socket. 

The lacrimal bone is involved in crying. It is part of the tear duct, where tears drain from the eye. The lacrimal sac is where tears flow when you cry. The tears then go down a duct inside the nose. This is why you can get a runny nose from crying. 

## More images

 File:Lacrimal bone - animation.gif|Where the lacrimal bones are (shown in green). 
 File:Slide7llll.JPG|Lacrimal bone

## References
April Winchell

**April Winchell Foley** (born January 4, 1960) is an American voice actress, writer, talk radio host, commentator and comedian. She is best known for voicing Clarabelle Cow in *Mickey Mouse ClubHouse* and various other Disney projects.

She is the daughter of comedian and ventriloquist, Paul Winchell.

She was married Mick Kuisel until they divorced. She has been married to John Foley since 2013.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
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