open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Amata, South Australia

**Amata** is an Aboriginal community in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands in South Australia. It is in the north of the APY, between Umuwa and Nyapari. It is at the base of the Musgrave Ranges, about  west of the Stuart Highway. Amata was established under the name of **Musgrave Park** in 1961. The community was set up to take the pressure off the growth of nearby Pukatja (then known as Ernabella). The goal was to use it to teach the Aborigines in how to work in the livestock industry. A school was opened 7 years later, in 1968.

About 319 people lived at Amata in the 2006 census. It appears to have a growing population, which is not the usual pattern for Aboriginal communities in Australia. From 180 residents in 1981, it has grown steadily past 350 in the 1990s, to 536 in 1996.

Amata is made up of about 60 houses. There is a school, a general store and a health clinic. Supplies are delivered once per week and mail is delivered twice per week. Water comes from bores and is stored in tanks. The school was renovated by the state government from 2003–2005. A swimming pool was opened in June 2007. Amata also has a community centre, a community church, and an airstrip.

There is a police station at Amata, but they are not always there; state police are based in Marla and run patrols to the area. Some night patrols by residents have been done in the past to help policing of the community. In the absence of police, the community is served by 2 community constables. Tony Abbott suggested in 2007 there should be police at Amata permanently. In response, the state government said it would spend A$7.5 million at Amata and Pukatja for new police stations, court facilities and prison cells. It would also provide housing for police officers.

The sale of local artwork is important to the economy of the Amata community. Tjala Arts, founded in 1999, displayed the works of seven Amata artists in Canberra in 2006. In the 2007 State Budget, the South Australian Government announced $350,000 for a new arts centre in Amata.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Profile at PY Media 
*
*
Mimili, South Australia

**Mimili** is an Aboriginal community in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. It is located in the Everard Ranges, about  west of the Stuart Highway. According to the local Aṉangu, the place has always been called Mimili. The current settlement was built around a cattle station called **Everard Park**, which was built by White farmers in the 1920s. The station's land was given back to the local Aborigines by the South Australian government in 1972.

There were 283 people living at Mimili in the 2006 census. The residents are mainly Aṉangu people who speak either Pitjantjatjara or Yankunytjatjara as their first language. The 2001 census data showed that Mimili had the lowest average weekly income per person (AU$172 compared with the South Australian average of AU$345). However, it also had one of the state's highest proportions of residents under the age of 15 (32.6%); and the state's highest ratio of single-parent families (36.0% compared with a statewide average of 15.6%).

Mimili has an airstrip, and a small health facility. There is also a general store and a craft facility where art is made and displayed. A diesel generator supplies electricity to the community. Water is stored in tanks and comes from two bores. A police station was built in 2011, and state police are stationed there permanently. The local school has about 60 children. Attendance at the school benefited from the construction of a swimming pool, opened in October 2006.

## References
## Other websites
*Mimili Anangu School
*Profile  at PY Media
Pukatja, South Australia

**Pukatja** is an Aboriginal community in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. Pukatja is in the eastern Musgrave Ranges, west of the Stuart Highway, about  south of the Northern Territory border. The town sits at an elevation of 676 metres above sea level. There were 332 people living at Pukatja in the 2006 census. This was an increase from 226 in the 2001 census, but a decrease from 470 in the 1991 census.

The town was established as a Presbyterian mission in 1938, with the name **Ernabella**. Families gradually came in from traditional nomadic life in the desert to live at the mission. The church gave control over the Ernabella Mission to a local community council on 1 January 1974.

Mail is delivered twice a week by a small plane from Alice Springs. The community store sells food and clothes. The garage has basic parts and diesel fuel. The local clinic has three registered nurses and the doctor is based here, but often away visiting other communities in the APY. The community church belongs to the Uniting Church. There is a basic police station at Pukatja, and is not permanently manned. In July 2007, the state police described the station as "dirty" and not well equipped. In response, the state government said that it would spend A$7.5 million at Pukatja and nearby Amata for new police stations, court facilities, prisoner cells and housing for police officers.

In the 2001 census, Pukatja was second only to nearby Mimili in having the lowest per-person income in South Australia ($174). Most important to the community's income is the local artists' co-operative, Ernabella Arts Inc. Established in 1948, Ernabella Arts is one of the longest continually running aboriginal arts centres in Australia. During the 1950s and 1960s, art and craft using local wool was the typical artistic form made by the Ernabella artists. Batik was introduced after several Ernabella artists travelled to Indonesia in the 1970s. Ernabella artists are now well known for their batik work and printmaking. A large collection of Ernabella art can be seen at the National Museum of Australia.

## References
## Other websites
*Ernabella School
*Ernabella Arts
*Profile  from PY Media
Morgan's canon

'''Morgan's canon''' is a rule relating to animal behaviour, which states that it should be explained as simply as possible. It is named after British psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan. His idea was that people should only consider behaviour as, for example, rational, purposive or affectionate, if there is no other explanation possible.

:"In no case is an animal activity to be interpreted in terms of higher psychological processes if it can be fairly interpreted in terms of processes which stand lower in the scale of psychological evolution and development".

Morgan saw that much  and apparent problem-solving behaviour could be described using trial and error learning. A famous example is the skilful way in which Morgan's terrier Tony opened the garden gate, easily taken by someone seeing the final behaviour as an insightful act. Morgan, however, had watched and recorded the series of approximations by which the dog had gradually learned the response, and could demonstrate that no insight was required to explain it.

Morgan's Canon is a forerunner of behaviourism.

## Related pages 
*Behaviorism
*Occam's Razor

## References
Indulkana

**Indulkana** (also known as **Iwantja**) is an Aboriginal community in South Australia. It is on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. It is about  west of the Stuart Highway and  south of Alice Springs. The town was established in 1968.

There were 315 people living at Indulkana in the 2006 census. Most of the people belong to the Yankunytjatjara nation. The 2001 census showed that Indulkana had South Australia's highest proportion residents under the age of 15 (35.0%). 

Indulkana has a local community store that also supplies diesel fuel. There is an unsealed airstrip located close to the town. There is also a school, established in 1971. Indulkana does not have a permanent police presence, though it has a police station. State police are based at Marla and run patrols to the area. In the absence of police, the town is served by two constables from the community. The town also has a local artists' co-operative, Iwantja Arts. It has a gallery for sale of art work from across the APY.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile at PY Media
Rupert Brooke

**Rupert Chawner Brooke** (3 August 1887 – 23 April 1915) was an English poet. He is known for his war sonnets written during the First World War. His best known work is "The Soldier". Irish poet W. B. Yeats described him as "the handsomest young man in England".

## References
Watarru

**Watarru** is an Aboriginal community in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. Watarru is at the base of Mount Lindsay, about  south-west of Alice Springs. It is surrounded by the Great Victoria Desert, and is one of the most  settlements in Australia. It can be accessed by road from the Stuart Highway over roughly  dirt road. 

The nearest neighbouring settlement is Pipalyatjara, about  to the northeast. There were 56 people living at Watarru in the 2001 census, with 82.1% of those being Indigenous Australians. The village was established as a small family outstation, and began to grow during the 1990s.

The community owns and manages the Watarru Indigenous Protected Area, which surrounds the town for more than . 

## References
## Other websites
*Watarru School Website
Pipalyatjara, South Australia

**Pipalyatjara** is an Aboriginal community on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. It is about  south-west of Alice Springs and about  from the place where the borders of South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory meet (known as the Surveyor-General's Corner). The settlement is surrounded by the Tomkinson Ranges. It was previously known as **Mount Davies** by most Australians, after the highest local peak. The settlement of Kalka is about  away by road.

There were 123 people living at Pipalyatjara in the 2006 census. The residents are mainly indigenous people who speak Pitjantjatjara as their first language.

There is a small airstrip at Pipalyatjara. Mail is delivered once per week by air. There is also a small health facility staffed by nurses; a doctor visits from Kaltjiti. Electricity comes from a diesel generator. Water comes from two bores and placed in storage tanks for pumping to the community. There is a school in Pipalyatjara, which also serves nearby Kalka.

## References
## Other websites
*Description  from PY Media
*Pipalyatjara School Website
Kaltjiti

**Kaltjiti** (also previously known as **Fregon**) is an Aboriginal community in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. It is located about  south of the Musgrave Ranges and is  from the Stuart Highway. The town sits on Officer Creek, which flows from Mount Woodroffe. The creek is usually a dry sandy bed and only flows at times of very high rainfall. There are about 350 people living at Kaltjiti.

The first recording by white Australians of a community at Kaltjiti was by explorer Ernest Giles. He wrote that he found 200 male Aborigines there in September 1873, during his second trip into the South Australian desert. The meeting was violent, as Giles and his travellers interrupted a sacred ceremony. The first European settlement near Kaltjiti was set up in 1934. It was established by a dogger (dingo hunter), who was given the rights to the nearby bore (called Shirley Well) by the government as a reward for all the dingos he had killed. By the late 1950s, Aboriginal families were camped at Shirley Well permanently. In 1960, the station at Ernabella was expanded to include Shirley Well.

A outstation, called Fregon, was built with government help by 1961, as a base for Aboriginal stockmen and their families. It was built  south of Shirley Well on Officer Creek. The aim of the settlement was to provide training in working with livestock and for the families to have access to traditional country in the sandhills to the west. Fregon was administered through Ernabella and it was not until 1968 that it had its own airstrip. It began with a school, a small health clinic, a workshop, a small store and houses for the staff.

Mail is delivered to Kaltjiti ones a week. Supplies are delivered every week. Water is provided from six bores and placed in storage tanks for pumping to the community. The Town is connected to the power grid. Kaltjiti does not have a permanent police presence. State police are based at Mimili and run patrols to the area.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile  at PY Media
*Fregon Anangu School
*Kaltjiti Arts
Yunyarinyi, South Australia

**Yunyarinyi** is an Aboriginal community on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. It is about  south of the border with the Northern Territory, and  south of Alice Springs. It is 40&nbsp;km from the larger community of Pukatja, where most of the services are located.

Yunyarinyi started as a cattle station called **Kenmore Park**. It officially became an indigenous community when the land rights were granted in 1981. Today, Yunyarinyi has a school, a community centre with a shared kitchen, a community office and a local garage (repair shop). The number of people living at Yunyarinyi is about 40 to 45; many of them are children.

## References
## Other websites
*Kenmore Park Anangu School
Roland Guillon

**Roland Guillon** (born 1942) is a French sociologist, known for his work in the areas of employment and capital. He is also known for his innovative approach to jazz.

He is a research engineer at the centre of economics and ethics of environment and development of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. As a specialist in employment and training, he performed several missions in West Africa.

## References
Anaerobic respiration

**Anaerobic respiration** is a form of respiration which does not use oxygen. Elements other than oxygen are used for electron transport. Common replacements for oxygen are nitrates, iron, manganese, sulfates, sulfur, fumaric acid and carbon dioxide. *Escherichia coli* uses nitrates and fumaric acid for respiration.

For the electron transport chain to work, there must be a final electron acceptor at the end of the chain. This allows electrons to pass through the chain. In aerobic organisms, this final electron acceptor is oxygen.  Molecular oxygen is a highly oxidizing agent and so it is an excellent acceptor. In anaerobes, other less-oxidizing substances such as sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), sulphur (S) are used.  These terminal electron acceptors have smaller reduction potentials than O2, so less energy is released per oxidized molecule.  Anaerobic respiration is therefore less efficient than aerobic respiration except, of course, when oxygen is scarce or not apparent.

If there is no oxygen present, glycolysis is still able to happen.  Pyruvic acid is still produced, but instead of proceeding to the Krebs cycle, lactic acid is formed making small amounts of ATP.  An example of this is when exercising: if the body is not able to get enough oxygen to the muscles, they will make lactic acid.  This is what makes the muscles sore.  

If oxygen is not used at all, the process is called fermentation. Examples of organisms using fermentation are lactic acid bacteria, and yeast. Yeast is a fungi, not bacteria.

The equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast and bacteria:

* Glucose -> Carbon dioxide + ethanol

The equation for anaerobic respiration in animals is:
*glucose -> lactic acid (C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3)

After producing lactic acid more oxygen then in normal respiration is required to break it down (oxygen debt).

## References
Spanish Benevolent Society

The **Spanish Benevolent Society** (also known as Centro Español-La Nacional) is a private social club in New York City founded in 1868 to serve the Spanish-American community in Manhattan. It is located at 239 West 14th Street and is in the heart of the now disappeared Little Spain.

## History
Many prominent Spanish artists, expatriates, immigrants, and personalities have lived at the society as resident artists during the more than 150 years of its existence, like Picasso, Dalí, Buñuel, or Federico García Lorca. In 2010 Spanish American filmmaker and writer Artur Balder, who lived in the building as resident artist for more than one year, created the documentary Little Spain, displaying for first time the untold history of this society. The archive contains more than 450 photographs and 150 documents that have never been publicly displayed. They present the history of the streets of Little Spain in New York City throughout the 20th Century.

## References 
## Other websites
* Spanish Benevolent Society - La Nacional
Little Spain

**Little Spain** was a Spanish American neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan during 20th century.

## History
"Little Spain" was 14th Street, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. A very different slice of Chelsea existed on a stretch of 14th Street often referred to by residents as "Calle Catorce," or "Little Spain". The Church of Our Lady of Guadelupe (No. 299) was founded in 1902, when Spaniards started to settle in the area. Although the Spanish business have given way to such nightclubs as Nell's and Oh Johnny on the block between Seventh and Eighth Avenues, the Spanish food and gift emporium known as Casa Moneo has been at 210 West 14th since 1929. In 2010 the documentary **Little Spain**, directed and written by Artur Balder, was filmed in New York City. The documentary pulled together for first time an archive that reveals the untold history of the Spanish-American presence in Manhattan. The archive contains more than 450 photographs and 150 documents that have never been publicly displayed. They present the history of the streets of Little Spain in New York City throughout the 20th Century. The archive contains more than 450 photographs and 150 documents that have never been publicly displayed. They present the history of the streets of Little Spain in New York City throughout the 20th Century.

Other important commerces and Spanish business of Little Spain were restaurants like La Bilbaína, Trocadero Valencia, Bar Coruña, Little Spain Bar, Café Madrid, Mesón Flamenco, or El Faro Restaurant, established 1927, and still today open at 823 Greenwich St. The Iberia was a famous Spanish dress shop. 

The heart of the Spanish American community in that area were the two landmarks the Spanish Benevolent Society and the Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe, founded at the turn of the 19th century, being the first parish in Manhattan with mass in Latin and Spanish.

Virginia Admiral and her son, Robert Mario De Niro Jr., moved to a top floor studio at the 219 West 14th Street, owned by the Galician entrepreneur José García. According with the investigations, Robert De Niro was living during the 50s at the heart of Little Spain after the divorce of his parents.

## References 
## Other websites 
* IMDb.
* The Herald Tribune. 
* El País. 
* LA VANGUARDIA.
* El Mundo.
* Antena 3 TV, Weekend News.
* Official Web Presence of the Spanish Benevolent Society.
C. Lloyd Morgan

**Conwy Lloyd Morgan**, FRS, usually known as **Lloyd Morgan**, (6 February 1852 &ndash; 6 March 1936) was a British ethologist and psychologist. He is best remembered for the experimental approach to animal psychology now known as 'Morgan's canon', which is a specialised form of Occam's razor. His idea played a role in the later growth of behaviourism in psychology.

## Life 
Lloyd Morgan was born in London and studied at the Royal School of Mines and under T.H. Huxley. He taught in Cape Town, but in 1884 joined the staff of University College, Bristol as Professor of Geology and Zoology. He quickly became interested in the field he called 'mental evolution', the borderland between intelligence and instinct. In 1901, he became the college's first Professor of Psychology and Education.

In 1909, Lloyd Morgan became the first Vice-Chancellor of Bristol University. He held the office for a year, then was Professor of Psychology and Ethics until his retirement in 1919.

## Ethology 
Under Lloyd's canon, animal behaviour should be explained in the simplest possible way. For example, an animal should be considered conscious only if there is no other explanation for its behaviour. Where behaviour seems to imply higher mental processes, it might be explained by trial and error learning. An example is the skilful way in which his terrier Tony opened the garden gate, easily misunderstood as an ful act by someone seeing the final behaviour. Lloyd Morgan, however, had watched and recorded the series of approximations by which the dog had gradually learned the response, and could demonstrate that no insight was required to explain it.

W.H. Thorpe commented as follows:
:"The importance of this was enormous... [but] to the modern ethologist dealing with higher animals and faced as he is with ever-increasing evidence for the complexity of perceptual organization... the very reverse of Morgan's canon often proves to be the best strategy".

This kind of study throws light not only on inherited behaviour but on the maturation of sense organs and the central nervous system. Behaviour changes in most animals during the first hours and days of life. The causes of those changes in behaviour may be developmental maturation, or learning, or some combination of the two. This is a primary area of research in ethology.

## Books
**The springs of conduct: an essay in evolution*. (1885). Kegan Paul, London.
**Animal biology*. (1887). Rivington, London.
**Animal sketches*. [1891]. Arnold, London.
**Introduction to comparative psychology*. (1894). Routledgethoemmes, London.
**Psychology for teachers*. (1894). Arnold, London.
**Habit and instinct*. (1896). Arnold, London.
**Animal behaviour*. (1900). Arnold, London.
**Animal life and intelligence*. (1890&ndash;91; 1891) Arnold, London.
**The interpretation of nature*. (1906).
**Instinct and experience*. (1912). Methuen, London.
**Emergent evolution*. (1923). Henry Holt and Co., , online version 
**Life, mind, and spirit*. (1925). Henry Holt
**Mind at the crossways*. (1929).
**The emergence of novelty*. (1933).

## References
Usa Jingū

, also known as , is a Japanese Shinto shrine in the city of Usa in Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.  

## History
The shrine was founded in the Wadō era (708-714). 

A Buddhist temple called *Miroku-ji* was built next to it in 779, making it what is believed to be the first shrine-temple (*jingū-ji*) ever. The shrine-temple complex, called , lasted until 1868.

*Usa* first appears in the chronicles of Imperial history during the reign of Empress Shōtoku.

*Usa jingū* was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) for the old Buzen Province.  It serves today as one of the *ichinomiya* of Oita and Fukuoka Prefectures.

From 1871 through 1946, Usa was officially listed among the first rank of government supported shrines.

### Branch shrines
*Usa* is today the center of over 40,000 branch Hachiman shrines.  In Shinto belief, the many Hachiman shrines have extended the reach of the *kami* at Usa.

## References
## Other websites
* Shrine image, 180° panorama
Les Stroud

**Les Stroud** (born October 20, 1961) is a Canadian filmmaker, musician, writer, television actor, host, television director and producer, and survival expert who is known for his survival show *Survivorman*. He was raised in Toronto, Ontario. He studied at Mimico High School and at Fanshawe College. Stroud was married to Susan Jamison from 1994 until they divorced in 2008. They had two children.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Ryan Reynolds

**Ryan Rodney Reynolds** (born October 23, 1976) is a Canadian-American actor who is known for his roles as Wade Wilson/Deadpool in *Deadpool* and its sequel *Deadpool 2* and as Michael Bryce in ''The Hitman's Bodyguard*. He is also known for his roles in *National Lampoon's Van Wilder,* *Just Friends*, *Definitely, Maybe*, *The Proposal*, *The Change-Up*, *Safe House*, and *Free Guy*. Reynolds starred as Detective Pikachu in the 2019 film *Pokémon: Detective Pikachu''. Reynolds also played Deadpool in Screen Junkies’s Honest Trailers series.  

Reynolds admitted to arson of an elementary school in Canada, in many interviews. The fire of the Queen Elizabeth Elementary School in Queensborough New Westminster in 1987 was suspected to be arson. No word on whether the statute of limitations is up or not in this crime, or if this was the incident he was referring to. 

He said in one interview he “tried to set fire to the school”. In another, he said he “set fire to a tree at the school.”

## Life
Reynolds was born on October 23, 1976 in Vancouver, British Columbia. He studied at Kitsilano Secondary School and at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Reynolds was married to Scarlett Johansson from 2008 to 2011. He married Blake Lively in 2012 and shares three daughters with her. In September 2022, it was announced that the couple are expecting their fourth child.

Reynolds received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2016.

## References
## Other websites
*
James Franco

**James Edward “Jimmy” Franco** (born April 19, 1978) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter and director. His movie roles included *127 Hours*, *Rise of the Planet of the Apes*, *Your Highness*, *Spider-Man*, *Spider-Man 2*, *Spider-Man 3* (alongside Tobey Maguire), *Oz the Great and Powerful*, *This Is the End*, *The Interview*, *The Little Prince*, *Sausage Party*, *Why Him?* and *The Disaster Artist*. He won a Golden Globe Award in 2001.

Franco was born in Palo Alto, California. He studied at the Palo Alto High School and at University of California, Los Angeles.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
*
Cheshire, Connecticut

**Cheshire** is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut. The population was 28,733 in 2020. It is the center of population for the state of Connecticut. In 2009, Cheshire was ranked #72 in *Money* magazine's "100 Best Places to Live". In 2011, Cheshire was ranked #73 in *Money*s "100 Best Places to Live".

## References
Richard Crenna

**Richard Donald Crenna** (November 30, 1926 &ndash; January 17, 2003) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, radio actor, movie director and producer who is known for his roles in *The Sand Pebbles*, *Wait Until Dark*, *Body Heat*, the first three *Rambo* movies, *Hot Shots! Part Deux*, and *The Flamingo Kid*. He is also known for his television role as Luke McCoy in *The Real McCoys, and televisrole as high school student Walter Denton on Our Miss Brooks, starring Eve Arden.* He had won an Emmy Award in 1985.

Crenna was born on November 30, 1926 in Los Angeles, California. He studied at Virgil Junior High School, then at Belmont High School, and then at the University of Southern California. He was married to Penni Sweeney from 1959 until his death. Crenna died on January 17, 2003 in Los Angeles, California from pancreatic cancer and heart failure, aged 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Great hornbill

The **great hornbill** (*Buceros bicornis*) also known as **great Indian hornbill** or **great pied hornbill**, is one of the larger members of the hornbill family. 

Great hornbills are found in the forests of Nepal, India, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, Indonesia. Their impressive size and colour have made them important in many tribal cultures and rituals. The great hornbill is long-lived, living for nearly 50 years in captivity. They are predominantly frugivorous although they are opportunists and will prey on small mammals, reptiles and birds.

## References
Dutch Empire

The **Dutch Empire** owned several territories that were in control by the Dutch Republic (also known as the **United Provinces**). The Dutch had created colonial empires, which were  to those of Portugal and Spain. The Dutch used their skills in shipping and trade with other empires. However, they were trying to be independent from Spain. With the British, the Dutch first built up colonies. The colonies were based on state capitalist corporate colonialism by the Dutch East and the West India Companies. The Dutch explored and went on voyages. Some of them were led by Willem Barents, Henry Hudson and Abel Tasman, who found new places for Europeans.

The Dutch naval power was increasing. The Netherlands began to  global commerce during the second half of the 17th century. This was called the Dutch Golden Age. The Netherlands lost many colonies and its global power to the British after the country fell to French armies during the French Revolutionary Wars. The rest of the Dutch Empire (such as the Dutch East Indies) were in control of the Dutch until the decline of European imperialism afterWorld War II.

Today, the Netherlands are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten form the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

## Other websites 
*  De VOCsite
* Dutch and Portuguese Colonial History
*  VOC Kenniscentrum
Kalka, South Australia

**Kalka** is an Aboriginal community in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. It is  by road from Pipalyatjara, at the base of the Tomkinson Ranges. There were 114 people living at Kalka in 2006.

Kalka was originally planned as a service centre for surrounding outstations, but by the early 1990s it had developed into a small permanent community. The town has basic facilities. A truck brings food and supplies to the community every two weeks. There is no school or health clinic at Kalka; both of these services are supplied at nearby Pipalyatjara. There is an unsealed airstrip near to the town.

## References
## Other websites
*Description at PY Media 
*Description at DAARE
South Windham, Connecticut

**South Windham** is a census-designated place in Connecticut. It is part of Windham County. There were 1,383 people living in South Windham in 2020.

## References
Danielson, Connecticut

**Danielson** is a borough in the town of Killingly. It is part of Windham County, Connecticut. There were 4,155 people living in Danielson in 2020.

## References
Central Village, Connecticut

**Central Village** is a historic district in the Central Village area of Plainfield, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1991.

## References
David Bailie

**David Bailie** (4 December 1937 &ndash; 5 March 2021) was a South African-born British movie, television, stage, voice actor, and photographer who was known for his role as Cotton in *Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl*, ''Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest*, and in *Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End''.

Bailie was born in 1937 in Springs, Gauteng, South Africa. He married Egidija Bailie in 2002. Bailie died on 5 March 2021, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Bailie's website
Sumiyoshi Shrine (Fukuoka)

is the Japanese Shinto shrine at Hakata in Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyushu created by Empress Jingū.

## History
*Sumiyoshi* was one of the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of the old Chikuzen Province.  It serves today as one of the *ichinomiya* of Fukuoka Prefecture.  The enshrined *kami* are:
* 
* 
* 

## References
## Other websites
Coraciiformes

The **Coraciiformes** are a group of usually colorful "near passerine" birds. They include the kingfishers, the Hoopoe, the bee-eaters, the rollers, and the hornbills. 

They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their base), though in many kingfishers one of these is missing.

This is largely an Old World order, with the representation in the New World limited to the dozen or so species of todies and motmots, and a few of the more than 90 species of kingfishers.
New Haven County, Connecticut

**New Haven County** is a county in the US state of Connecticut. It is in the south central part of the state. The population was 864,835 in 2020. This made New Haven County the third most populated county in Connecticut. There are 1,340 people per square mile. Two of the state's largest cities, New Haven and Waterbury, are part of New Haven County.

Starting in 1960, county governments were no longer active. Until 1960, the city of New Haven was the county seat. In Connecticut, towns are responsible for all local government activities. This includes, fire and rescue, snow removal and schools. The county Sheriff plan was removed by voters. This was replaced by State Judicial Marshals in 2000. Because of this, the state judicial plan in New Haven County is divided into three districts: New Haven, Ansonia-Milford and Waterbury.

## Colleges and universities 
*Albertus Magnus College
*Gateway Community College
*Naugatuck Valley Community College
*Paier College of Art
*Post University
*Quinnipiac University
*Southern Connecticut State University
*University of New Haven
*University of Connecticut - Waterbury
*Yale University

## New Haven county organizations 
*New Haven County Cutters

## National protected area 
*Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge

## Towns 
*Ansonia (City)
*Beacon Falls (Town)
*Bethany (Town)
*Branford (Town)
*Cheshire (Town)
*Derby (City)
*East Haven (Town)
*Guilford (Town)
*Hamden (Town)
*Augerville (neighborhood)
*Centerville (Town Center)
*Dunbar Hill (neighborhood)
*Hamden Plains (neighborhood)
*Highwood (neighborhood)
*Mix District (neighborhood)
*Mount Carmel (neighborhood)
*Spring Glen (neighborhood)
*State Street (neighborhood)
*West Woods (neighborhood, aka Hamden Hills)
*Whitneyville (neighborhood)
*Madison (Town)
*Meriden (City)
*Middlebury (Town)
*Milford (City)
*Devon (village)
*Woodmont (Borough)
*Naugatuck (Borough)
*New Haven (City)
*Amity (neighborhood)
*Cedar Hill (neighborhood)
*City Point (neighborhood)

*Downtown (neighborhood)
*East Rock (neighborhood)
*Fair Haven (neighborhood)
*Fair Haven Heights (neighborhood)
*Long Wharf (neighborhood)
*Mill River (neighborhood)
*Quinnipiac Meadows (neighborhood)
*Westville (neighborhood)
*Wooster Square (neighborhood)
*North Branford (Town)
*Northford (a village of North Branford)
*North Haven (Town)
*Orange (Town)
*Oxford (Town)
*Prospect (Town)
*Seymour (Town)
*Southbury (Town)
*Wallingford (Town)
*Yalesville (village)
*Waterbury (City)
*West Haven (City)
*Wolcott (Town)
*Woodbridge (Town)

## References 
## Other websites 
*New Haven County Sheriff's Department
*New Haven County Marshals Association
Kanpi

**Kaṉpi** (sometimes spelled **Kanypi**) is an Aboriginal community in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. It is located about  south of the Northern Territory border at the base of the Mann Ranges. The nearby town of Nyapaṟi is  to the east.

Kaṉpi is part of the Murputja Homelands, which also includes the family outstations Angatja and Umpukulu. The residents are mostly Pitjantjatjara people with their traditional country nearby. The settlement started as an outstation for the Baker family, who moved here from other parts on the APY lands to be closer to the country of their ancestors.

Because both Kaṉpi and nearby Nyapaṟi are small communities, there are only basic services and most of them are shared between the two towns. In Kaṉpi there is a work shop, a garage, a day care centre and an art centre. It also has a community store, built in 1996, which has a pump for petrol. Food and supplies are delivered once every two weeks. The store services both Kaṉpi and Nyapaṟi, as well as nearby outstations. Local health services are based at the clinic in Nyapaṟi. Both Kaṉpi and Nyapaṟi had their own schools from 1987, but these joined together in 1993. The new school, Murputja Education Centre, was built between the two communities,  east of Kaṉpi and 6&nbsp;km west of Nyapaṟi.

## References
## Other websites
*Official description
James Daly

**James Firman Daly** (October 23, 1918 - July 3, 1978) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor who is known for his role as Paul Lochner in *Medical Center*. He won an Emmy Award in 1966.

Daly was born on October 23, 1918 in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. He studied at Cornell College. He was married to Hope Newall from 1942 until they divorced in 1965. They had 4 children, including Tim Daly and Tyne Daly. Daly died on July 3, 1978 in Nyack, New York from heart failure, aged 59.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tim Daly

**James Timothy "Tim" Daly** (born June 1, 1956) is an American movie, television, stage, voice actor, television and movie director and producer who is known for his roles in *Wings* and in *Superman: The Animated Series*.

Daly was born in New York City, New York to James Daly and to Hope Newell. He studied at The Putney School, at Waldorf School, and at Bennington College. Daly was married to Amy Van Nostrand from 1982 until they divorced in 2010. They had two children. He has been dating actress Téa Leoni since December 2014.

His sister is actress Tyne Daly.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Nyapari

**Nyapaṟi** is an Aboriginal community in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. It is about  south of the Northern Territory border at the base of the Mann Ranges. The nearby community of Kaṉpi is  to the west.

There are about 85 people living there. The residents are mostly Pitjantjatjara people. Nyapaṟi began as a family outstation by the Stevens family, who moved here to look after the country of their ancestors. Today it is a fully-established community of extended families. It serves as an administration centre for nearby outstations Ulkiya and Tankannu.

Because both Nyapaṟi and nearby Kaṉpi are small communities, there are only basic services and most of them are shared between the two towns. In Nyapaṟi, there is an art centre and a health clinic. Supplies are delivered once every two weeks, and mail is delivered once per week. The community store is in Kaṉpi. Both Kaṉpi and Nyapaṟi had their own schools from 1987, but these joined together in 1993. The new school, Murputja Education Centre, was built between the two communities,  east of Nyapaṟi and 9&nbsp;km west of Kaṉpi.

## References
Sial

**Sial** can be the upper layer of the Earth's crust
*Felsic

**Sial** can also be:

## Places
* Sial, Kapurthala, Punjab State, India
* Sial, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
* Sial Sharif, a small village in Pakistan

## Other uses
* Sial (tribe), a people of Pakistan
* siyal/sial/siala, a people in India
Bina Shah

**Bina Shah** is a Pakistani journalist and writer in English, from Karachi, Pakistan.

She obtained a B.A. in Psychology from Wellesley College, USA and a M.Ed in Educational Technology from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA.

Shah is an op-ed columnist for the *Dawn* and "Express Tribune" newspapers in Pakistan. She has contributed features and book reviews for foreign papers like *The Guardian*, *The Independent*, and the *International Herald Tribune*.

She is the author of six books, mostly of fiction.

## References
Nadeem Aslam

**Nadeem Aslam**  born 1966, Gujranwala, Pakistan,  is a prize-winning British-Pakistani novelist.

## Early life
Aslam was born in Gujranwala, Pakistan. He moved to the United Kingdom with his family when he was 14.

His debut novel, *Season of the Rainbirds* (1993), about the culture of rural Pakistan, won the Betty Trask and the Author's Club First Novel Award.

## References
Atlantis: The Lost Empire

***Atlantis: The Lost Empire*** is a 2001 American animated movie made by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 41st movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series and the first science fiction movie for Disney. It follows a group of mercenaries on a quest to find the lost city of Atlantis. Released on June 15, 2001, it did not make much money as the company wanted. Disney stopped making both a spin-off television series and an underwater attraction at its Disneyland theme park.

This movie has a sequel called ''Atlantis: Milo's Return''.

## References
Orlando Jordan

**Orlando Jordan** (born April 21, 1974) is an American professional wrestler who is currently working on the independent circuit.

Jordan is best known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 2003 to 2006. During his time in WWE, he won the WWE United States Championship one time when he defeated John Cena on the March 3, 2005 edition of SmackDown! with help from John "Bradshaw" Layfield. He was fired from the WWE on May 26, 2006 because he was travelling with someone that was not authorized by WWE to travel with him.

He worked on the independent circuit from 2006 to 2010 before debuting for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) on January 4, 2010. During his time in TNA, he formed a tag team with Eric Young. Jordan was released from his TNA contract on July 11, 2011.

Jordan is openly bisexual.

## Championships and accomplishments
### Amateur wrestling 
* All–American Wrestling Champion (2 times)
* Central Region (Richmond) Wrestling Champion (3 times)
* National Wrestling Champion (2 times)
* **All-Star Wrestling Australia**
** ASWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **Australian Wrestling Entertainment**
** AWE Championship (1 time)
* **High Risk Pro Wrestling**
** HRPW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **Maryland Championship Wrestling**
** MCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **Nu-Wrestling Evolution**
** NWE World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
** He was ranked #82 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 in 2011.
* **World Wrestling Entertainment**
** WWE United States Championship (1 time)
* ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
** Worst Gimmick (2010)

## References
Chicken Little (2005 movie)

***Chicken Little*** is a 2005 American animated science fiction comedy movie based on the fable *Henny Penny*. The movie was distributed and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 45th movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. It is the second time Disney made a movie about Chicken Little. The first was a 1943 cartoon made for propaganda in World War II. Chicken Little was the first Disney animated movie to be presented in Disney Digital 3D. It was the last Disney animated movie released under Walt Disney Feature Animation. Chicken Little was 1 of only 2 Disney CGI movies to be rated G, along with Meet the Robinsons.

This Disney animated movie was dedicated to Joe Grant, who passed away before the movie's release. It was the final Disney movie released during Don Knotts' lifetime.

## Voice cast
* Zach Braff as "Chicken Little" Cluck
* Joan Cusack as Abigail "Abby" Mallard
* Dan Molina as Fish Out of Water
* Steve Zahn as Runt of the Litter
* Garry Marshall as Buck "Ace" Cluck
* Amy Sedaris as Foxy Loxy
* Mark Walton as Goosey Loosey
* Don Knotts as Turkey Lurkey
* Sean Elmore, Matthew Josten and Evan Dunn as Kirby 
* Fred Willard as Melvin
* Catherine O'Hara as Tina
* Mark Dindal as Morkubine Porcupine and the Coach
* Patrick Stewart as Mr. Woolensworth
* Wallace Shawn as Principal Fetchit
* Patrick Warburton as Alien Cop
* Adam West as Ace - Hollywood Chicken Little
* Harry Shearer as Don Bowowser

## References
Imanpa, Northern Territory

**Imaṉpa** is a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is  north of the Lasseter Highway, the main road between the Stuart Highway and Uluṟu. Imanpa lies 160&nbsp;km east of Uluru and 200&nbsp;km south west of Alice Springs. There were 149 people living at Imaṉpa in the 2006 census. The town was first set up in 1978. The land was cut out from the property of the Mount Ebenezer cattle station, and served as a home for the station's stockmen and their families.

The community is on the traditional country of southern Luritja and northern Yankunytjatjara people. These people are together called Matutjara (or Matuntara). Most of the people in the community are descended from this group. They speak a dialect that is a mix of the Yankunytjatjara and Luritja languages. Also living there are families belonging to the Pitjantjatjara, Warlpiri and Arrernte nations, and a group of non-indigenous residents who work in the community.

The area has two schools. The secondary school is part of Nyangatjatjara College based in Yulara.

## References
Ashfaq Ahmad

**Ashfaq Ahmed**  (1925 –2004) was a famous Pakistani writer, playwright and intellectual. He was regarded by many as among the finest Urdu  *Afsana* (short-story) writers.

## References
Lion's mane jellyfish

The '''lion's mane jellyfish'* (*Cyanea capillata*) is one of the largest jellyfish species in the world. Most live in north Atlantic and north Pacific waters, but some live as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. Their stings are painful, but not fatal.

They are also known as *Hair Jelly* and *Sea Blubber*. They usually do not live for more than one year.

A group of jellyfish is called a *smack''.

## Size 
The pileus ("bell") of the lion's mane jellyfish can be up to 2.4 meters (8 feet) wide. Hanging off the 'bell' are up to 1,200 tentacles divided into eight sets. 

The largest lion's mane jellyfish ever found was 36.5 meters (120 feet) long.

## Diet & predators 
The lion's mane jellyfish's diet includes plankton, small fish, tiny crustaceans, and smaller jellyfish.

Predators that eat lion's mane jellyfish include sunfish, sea turtles and some seabirds.  

## Sources
Raëlism

**Raëlism** is a new religion that says that life on Earth was created by aliens. It was started in 1974 by Claude Vorilhon. It is the world's biggest UFO religion.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Eckankar

, USA]]
**Eckankar** is a new religious movement started in the United States in 1965 by Paul Twitchell (1908-71). Twitchell taught that each individual is a soul and that soul exists because of God's love for it. People who follow this religion are called Eckists.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Unitarian Universalism

**Unitarian Universalism** is a religion which encourages liberalism and an individual search for truth. It includes many spiritual paths. Its adherents have a pluralistic approach to faith hence may be atheists, agnostics, ignostics, deists, pagans, humanists, polytheists, or monotheists. A common tenet or doctrine within this religion is bodily integrity, self-ownership and individual autonomy. Unitarian Universalist places of worship are called *congregations*. The religion accepts differences and there is no holy book, dogma, or doctrine. Instead, the adherents are guided by seven principles:

# 1st Principle: The inherent worth and dignity of every person;
# 2nd Principle: Justice, equity and compassion in human relations;
# 3rd Principle: Acceptance of one another and encouragement to spiritual growth in our congregations;
# 4th Principle: A free and responsible search for truth and meaning;
# 5th Principle: The right of conscience and the use of the democratic process within our congregations and in society at large;
# 6th Principle: The goal of world community with peace, liberty, and justice for all;
# 7th Principle: Respect for the interdependent web of all existence of which we are a part.

The seat of Unitarian Universalism in the United States is in Boston, Massachusetts.

## Other websites
*Official website
Aso Shrine

is the Japanese Shinto shrine at Mount Aso in Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu. The shrine is in the northern part of a caldera of an active volcano. 

## History
*Aso* was the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of the old Higo Province.  It serves today as one of the *ichinomiya* of Kumamoto Prefecture.  The enshrined *kami* are  and others.

## References
## Other websites
Mandarin duck

The **mandarin duck** (*Aix galericulata*) is a duck that breeds in eastern Siberia, China and Japan and winters in southern China and Japan. There is a small free-flying population in Britain which grew from the release of captive bred ducks.

## Description 
In full plumage, the male mandarin duck has a pair of "sail" feathers that are raised vertically above the back, a crest of orange and cream feathers, and a broad white eye-stripe that is bounded above and below by darker feathers. The female mandarin duck is duller in colour and has an overall grey appearance that is marked by a curving white stripe behind the eye and a series of white blotches on the underparts. In flight, both sexes display a bluish-green iridescent speculum.

## Habitat 
The mandarin duck lives in the forests of China and Japan. They prefer to live around wooded ponds and fast flowing rocky streams to swim, wade, and feed in.