open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ricardo López (stalker)

**Ricardo López** (born January 14, 1975 – September 12, 1996) was a Uruguayan-American man who became notorious for stalking singer Björk in the mid-1990s. López's obsession with Björk culminated in a failed assassination attempt and his eventual suicide, making his case one of the most infamous examples of celebrity stalking.

## Early life 
Ricardo López was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, and moved to Lawrenceville, Georgia when he was young. Living in Miami, Florida, López led a relatively quiet life, working various jobs, including as a janitor. He had a limited social circle and developed a growing interest in music, particularly the work of Icelandic singer Björk, whose music he encountered in the mid-1990s.

## Obsession with Björk 
López’s obsession with Björk began in 1996, after he first encountered her music. His admiration quickly morphed into an unhealthy fixation, which led him to believe that they were meant to be together. He began following her career closely and fantasized about forming a romantic relationship with her. López became increasingly irrational and delusional in his beliefs about Björk.

López's obsession grew more intense, and he began writing her letters, as well as creating a series of videotapes in which he discussed his feelings for her and his growing anger towards her relationships with other men. These videos became part of what would later be known as the "Bjork Stalking Case."

## Letter bomb plot 
In late 1996, López decided to act on his obsession. He devised a plan to kill Björk by mailing her a letter bomb. López created a device that he intended to send to her, hoping it would detonate when she opened it. The bomb was concealed within a package containing a letter in which López detailed his intentions.

However, López’s plans were foiled when the package was intercepted before it reached Björk. The singer, who was living in London at the time, was unaware of the imminent danger. The bomb never reached its intended target.

## Arrest and death 
In the aftermath of his failed attempt to harm Björk, López’s life took a tragic turn. He filmed a final video in which he detailed his actions and expressed his intention to end his life. On September 12, 1996, López died by suicide in his apartment in Hollywood, Florida.

The police, who had been monitoring López's activities, discovered his body and the video tapes that chronicled his obsessive behavior. These tapes revealed the full extent of his delusions and his dangerous intentions. The videos were later used as evidence in legal proceedings and were widely circulated in media reports about the case.
Bhalia Koli

The **Bhalia Koli** also spelled as **Bhaliya Koli** is a clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. In the census of 1931 in Baroda State, the population of Bhalia Kolis was 27,437 alongwith Ghedia Kolis.

The Bhaliya clan is considered as superior clan among Kolis because they ruled over Bhal region of Gujarat.

## Origin 
The Bhalia Kolis got their name from their homeland Bhal region of Gujarat which was ruled by them and was stronghold for their Koli piracy.

## Related pages 
*Koli rebellion
*Koli clans and titles
*Koli dance
*Koli pirates

## References
Bev Longstaff

**Beverley Diane Parken "Bev" Longstaff** (born: 18 June 1946) is a Canadian former politician.

## Biography
Longstaff was born on 18 June 1946 in Calgary where she grew up. She attended Queen Elizabeth High School. She started working after she graduated in 1964. In the early 1970s she returned to Calgary and attended the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT) and received her Engineering Graphic Technology diploma in 1978. After working in the fiels of engineering drafting in private industry she returned to SAIT to become an instructor in the Engineering Drafting Department. She was involved in community service and was president of the Hillhurst-Sunnyside Community Association, vice-president of the Federation of Calgary Communities and president of the Coalition of NW Communities.

At the 2001 Calgary municipal election she ran for mayor and received the support of former mayor Al Duerr. However, she was  narrowly defeated by Dave Bronconnier.

She became Calgary Office director for the 28th G8 summit in 2002 in Kananaskis and became director of the Calgary Airport Authority in 2002. Later she became chair of the Government and Public Affairs Committee  and a member of the SAIT Board of Governors (2005-2008).

## References
List of Indian state instruments

**India**, officially the **Republic of India** is a country in South Asia, consisting of 28 states and eight union territories. All Indian states and some of the union territories have their own elected government and the union territories come under the jurisdiction of the Central Government. India has its own national symbols. Apart from the national symbols, the states and union territories have adopted their own seals and symbols including instruments listed below.

## States 
## Union territories 
## References
Shilpa Shirodkar

**Shilpa Shirodkar** (born 20 November 1973) is an Indian actress and former photo model who worked primarily in Hindi-language movies from 1989 to 2000. After 13 years later, she started acting again, this time on television in the Zee TV series *Ek Mutthi Aasmaan* in 2013. In 2024, she participated in *Bigg Boss 18*.

## Personal life 
Born to Marathi actress Gangu Bai on 20 November 1973, Shilpa is the younger sister of actress and former Miss India Namrata Shirodkar and granddaughter of Meenakshi Shirodkar. She married United Kingdom-based banker Aparesh Ranjit in 2000. They have a daughter together.

## Filmography
### Television
## References 
## Other websites
*
*
*
Sweet Dreams (film)

***Sweet Dreams*** is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film written and directed by Victor Mukherjee. Produced under Jio Studios and Mango People Media, the film stars Amol Parashar and Mithila Palkar. The film premiered on 24 January 2025 on Disney+ Hotstar.

## Cast 
* Amol Parashar as Kenny
* Mithila Palkar An Indian adaptation of the 2014 Canadian film *In My Dreams*. The trailer of the film was released on 20 January 2025.

## Reception 
Vineeta Kumar of India Today rated the movie 2.5/5. Shaheen Irani of *OTTplay* gave 2.5 out of 5 stars.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* *Sweet Dreams*  on Disney+ Hotstar
The Crying of Lot 49

**The Crying of Lot 49** is the second novel by Thomas Pynchon, published on April 27, 1966.

## References
Valakiya Kolis

The **Valakiya Koli** (also spelled as **Valakia Koli**, **Valankiya Koli** and **Valakya Koli**) is a clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Valakiya Kolis were pirates by profession and ruled over Valak village of Surat.

## Origin 
The Valakiya Kolis got their name from the Valak village in Kamrej tehsil of Surat district in Gujarat. They ruled over Valak village and were noted pirates by profession.

## Related pages 
*Gujarati people

## References
Certified forensic computer examiner

The **Certified Forensic Computer Examiner** (CFCE) is a certification demonstrating competency in computer forensics. The International Association of Computer Investigative Specialists (IACIS), a non-profit, entirely volunteer organization of digital forensic experts, administers the CFCE training and certification.

## History 
In 1990, IACIS was established. When the training was extended to include a review of Windows-based computers in 1998, the CFCE was launched. Although the MAC OS operating system and related file systems are covered in the course materials as well, the certificate exclusively certifies Windows proficiency.

One of the majorities of non-tool certifications in computer forensics for both active and retired law enforcement officers is the CFCE.

Members of certain organizations, like Miami-Dade Police's Computer Forensics Laboratory, must earn and keep this accreditation.

## References
Buick GL6

The **Buick GL6** is a compact Minivan made by Buick from 2017 to 2023.

## History and Features 
The Buick GL6 was launched in 2017. It is positioned below the Buick GL8 as a cheaper alternative. It has 6-seats. The GL6 has a 1.3 liter turbo petrol engine with a 6-speed automatic transmission. It was improved in 2021.

## Markets 
The Buick GL6 was sold only in China during its entire production run.

## Discontinuation 
The production of The GL6 ended in 2023. The Minivan was then discontinued without a sucessor.

## References
Canthumeryx

**Canthumeryx** is an extinct genus of giraffid artiodactyls. It is the close ancestor of Giraffes.

## References 
*
*
*
*
Thijs Udo

**Matthijs Willem Christiaan "Thijs" Udo** (1 May 1954 – 19 January 2025) was a Dutch politician.

Udo served as a member of the House of Representatives for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) from 1998 to 2002, where he was spokesperson for economic affairs, public health, environment, agriculture and biotechnology. He was also alderman of Katwijk for environment and nature, infrastructure and housing from 2010 to 2014. He held various management and advisory positions within the healthcare sector and within the Small and medium enterprises, including being an administrative law attorney, entrepreneur, member of the Provincial Council of South Holland and regional administrator of Holland Rijnland.

Udo died in The Hague on 19 January 2025, at the age of 70.

## References
Buick Encore GX

The **Buick Encore GX** is a subcompact Crossover SUV made by Buick since 2019.

## History and Features 
The Buick Encore GX was shown alongside the second generation Buick Encore at the Shanghai Auto Show in 2019. The Encore GX shares its plataform with the Chevrolet Trailblazer and is positioned between the Buick Encore and the Envision and is made by GM Korea. While in China, it is made by SAIC-GM, a joint venture between General Motors and SAIC Motor.

The SUV has a 1.2 and 1.3 liter both turbo gasoline engines with a 9-speed automatic transmission (availiable in AWD only) and CVT transmission (avaliable in FWD only). It was improved in 2023 as a 2024 model.

## Markets 
Currently the Buick Encore GX is sold in North America, China, and Mexico (where it is basically sold as the Encore). After the discontinuation of the Encore, the Encore GX became the entry-level model of Buick until the launch of the Buick Envista.

## References
Khmer Republic

**Khmer Republic** (Khmer: *សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ*;French: *République Khmer*) was the name of Cambodia's government following the overthrow of Prince Norodom Sihanouk in the 1970 Cambodian coup d'état on 18 March. It was under the American - backed military dictatorship of Marshal Lon Nol. The government was overthrown by the  Khmer Rouge in April 1975.
The regime was established due to the Kingdom of Cambodia's inability to keep communist forces outside of the country's borders, as North Vietnamese forces *de facto* controlled large parts of the country's eastern borders. Following the overthrow of Prince Sihanouk and his Sangkum government, the Kingdom of Cambodia was maintained *de jure* status. It wasn't until 9 October 1970, after the removal of Queen Sisowath Kossamak that this regime was established. This ended Cambodia's alliance with China and North Vietnam, and cooperation with the Việt Cộng and began supporting South Vietnam and the United States governments, under Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and Richard Nixon.
Polyprotic acid

() is a triprotic acid. It can lose up to three hydrogen atoms to become phosphate ().]]

A **polyprotic acid** is an acid that has more than one acidic hydrogen atom. "Polyprotic" means "many protons", because the hydrogen ion is (normally) a single proton.

Polyprotic acids are also grouped according to the exact number of hydrogen atoms. **Diprotic acids** like sulfuric and carbonic acid can give up two hydrogens; **triprotic acids** like phosphoric acid and citric acid can give up three. Acids with more than three acidic hydrogens are normally just called "polyprotic" instead of more specific names like "tetraprotic" or "pentaprotic". 

## References
Earl of Chester

The **Earl of Chester** or the **Earldom of Chester** was one of the most powerful earldoms in medieval England. 
## References 
*the gazette
*google books
Banita Sandhu

**Banita Sandhu** (born 22 June 1997) is a Welsh actress. who works in Indian cinema, she made her movie debut with the 2018 Hindi-language movie October, going on to star in the Tamil-language production Adithya Varma and the CW series Pandora (both 2019).

## Early life 
Sandhu was born and brought up in Caerleon, Wales to first-generation British Sikh parents. She started acting at the age of 11 and moved to London at 18 to start her degree in English literature at King's College.

## Filmography
### Movie
### Television
### Music videos
## References 
## Other websites
*
Kia KX3

The **Kia KX3** is a subcompact Crossover SUV made by Kia through the Yueda-Kia joint venture from 2015 to 2023.

## First Generation (2015-2019) 
The Kia KX3 was shown for the first time as a concept at The Guangzhou Auto Show in 2014 and was shown as a production model in 2015. The car shares its plataform with the Hyundai ix25 and has a 1.6 liter 1.6 liter turbo and 2.0 liter petrol engines with a 6-speed both manual and automatic transmissions and a 7-speed DCT transmission. The car was then improved in 2016.

The car had a electric version called Kia KX3 EV launched in 2018. It has 81 kW (109 hp) and a consumption of 100 km.

## Second Generation (2019-present) 
The second generation of the Kia KX3 was shown in September 2019. It is actually the Kia Seltos under the name KX3. The second gen has a additional Chinese name called Aopao. It was put on sale in China in December. It has a 1.5 liter petrol engine with a CVT transmission.

## Markets 
The Kia KX3 was sold only in The Chinese Market during its entire production.

## Discontinuation 
The production of The Kia KX3 ended in 2023. It was then renamed back to Kia Seltos.

## References
First Lady of Kenya

This is a list of first ladies of Kenya.

**Mama Ngina Kenyatta:** First Lady (1963–1978)

* **Husband:** Jomo Kenyatta (1st President of Kenya).
* **Overview:**
** As the wife of the founding president, Mama Ngina played a significant symbolic role in Kenya's early days of independence.
** Known for her elegance and traditional values, she earned respect as a matriarch of the nation.
** Played an influential role in community initiatives, often advocating for women's empowerment and social stability.
* **Legacy:**
** She became a respected national figure even after Jomo Kenyatta's death in 1978.
** To date, she is considered a key figure in Kenyan history and the Kenyatta family.

**Lena Moi: **First Lady (1978–2002)

* **Husband:** Daniel arap Moi (2nd President of Kenya).
* **Overview:**
** Lena Moi was known for her quiet, private life, often staying away from the limelight.
** Her marriage with Daniel Moi reportedly faced challenges, and she lived separately from him for much of his presidency.
** She was a devout Christian and focused on raising her family.
* **Legacy:**
** Though largely absent from public roles during Moi's long presidency, her legacy remains tied to her humility and devotion to family life.

**Lucy Kibaki: **First Lady (2002–2013)

* **Husband:** Mwai Kibaki (3rd President of Kenya).
* **Overview:**
** Lucy Kibaki was known for her outspoken and bold personality, often publicly defending her husband and family.
** She took an active role in advocating for education and health, particularly HIV/AIDS awareness.
** Despite occasional controversies due to her direct approach, she was admired for her passion for social issues.
* **Legacy:**
** Lucy’s work in education and healthcare earned her recognition, and she remains remembered for her strong-willed character.

**Margaret Kenyatta: **First Lady (2013–2022)

* **Husband:** Uhuru Kenyatta (4th President of Kenya).
* **Overview:**
** Margaret Kenyatta is widely celebrated for her humanitarian work, particularly through the **Beyond Zero Campaign**, which aimed to reduce maternal and child mortality rates.
** She brought a modern and professional approach to the role of First Lady, often participating in marathons and high-profile events to promote her causes.
** Known for her reserved and compassionate personality, she built a reputation as a unifying figure.
* **Legacy:**
** Her Beyond Zero Campaign left a significant impact on Kenya’s healthcare system, improving access to services in many remote areas.

**Rachel Ruto:** First Lady (2022–Present)

* **Husband:** William Ruto (5th President of Kenya).
* **Overview:**
** Rachel Ruto is known for her devout Christian faith and active role in promoting prayer and spirituality in Kenya.
** She champions women’s empowerment through economic initiatives such as table banking (a community savings and credit model).
** Advocates for environmental conservation, including tree-planting campaigns and sustainable practices.
* **Legacy:**
** As the current First Lady, Rachel Ruto is focused on spiritual leadership, gender equality, and environmental sustainability.
Castle Crashers

***Castle Crashers*** is a beat 'em up video game, developed by the Behemoth, and published by Microsoft Studios. It was first released on the Xbox 360 on August 27, 2008 as part of the Summer of Arcades.

## Gameplay 
The game has players beat up enemies on the level using swords. Players and enemies can move in all four cardinal directions on the ground, as well as jump. There are four "knights" for players to play as, and each one has its own "magic" moves.
## Plot 
At the beginning of the Castle, they were having a party. Then, the Gray Knight fell down the stairs, after the wizard stole the gem and took it. and in the ending, they fight the wizard, and the gem was brought back.
## Development 
The game started as *Ye-Olde Side Scroller* back in 2005. The game was first shown as *Ye-Olde Side Scroller*

## Downloadable content 
The Pink Kight and the Blacksmith were added to the DLC on Steam for only 1$ US. On July 26, 2024,  after 12 years of the last DLC they announced a new DLC called Painter Boss Paradise. In December, they announced that it would be released sometime in August 2025. It was released on August 6, 2025. 

## References
Chimaji Appa

**Chimaji Balaji Bhat** (c. 1707 – 17 December 1740), better known as **Chimaji Appa**, was an important military leader and statesman in the Maratha Empire. He was the younger brother of Peshwa Bajirao I and the son of Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath. Chimaji played a big role in strengthening the Maratha Empire. He is most famous for defeating the Portuguese and capturing the Vasai Fort in 1739.

## Career 
### Gujarat 
In 1730, Peshwa Bajirao I sent Chimaji Appa to Gujarat to make the Mughal Governor of Surat, Sarbuland Khan, give the Chauth to Shahu I. Chimaji led Maratha forces and collected the tax.

### Portuguese 
Chimaji focused on defeating the Portuguese in the Western Ghats. In 1733, he led the Maratha forces to capture the Belapur Fort. He vowed to offer a garland to a nearby temple if successful, which he later fulfilled.

#### Fall of Vasai 
Chimaji carefully planned the attacks on the Portuguese forts. On 28 March 1737, Maratha forces captured the Arnala Fort, which cut off Portuguese supplies to Vasai. Over the next two years, Chimaji and his commanders captured several other forts, including Dahanu, Tarapur, and Karanja. In February 1739, Chimaji's forces surrounded Vasai Fort. After days of fighting and breaking parts of the fort wall, the Marathas entered. On 16 May 1739, the Portuguese surrendered. Chimaji allowed them to leave safely, giving them eight days to take their belongings. The Portuguese lost many cities, forts, and villages during this war. Chimaji built the Vajreshwari Temple to honor the goddess *Vajreshwari*, as he had promised during the campaign. He also took bells from Portuguese churches and placed them in temples as war trophies.

## Death 
Chimaji Appa died on 17 December 1740, just six months after his brother Bajirao I passed away.

## References
2015 Umpqua Community College shooting

The **Umpqua Community College shooting** was a mass shooting that happened at Umpqua Community College in Roseburg, Oregon, United States on October 1, 2015.

The shooter, 26-year-old Christopher Harper-Mercer, shot and murdered 9 people before taking his own.

The shooting is the deadliest school shooting in Oregon history.

## References
Lluvia de Peces

The '''''' () is a event that has been occurring yearly for more than a century in Yoro, Honduras, in which fish are said to fall from the sky. It occurs up to four times in a year. 

## Possible explanations
### Natural
The reason for the rain of fish is weather related, often to be strong winds or waterspouts, as is common when attempting to explain similar occurrences of raining animals. The nearest habitat for the fish is the Atlantic Ocean, about  away.

Alternatively, the fish may have originated in fresh water and moved from a nearby river into a water current or cave system in response to seasonal changes. Subsequent heavy rains wash the fish up out of this habitat and the water level decreases to leave the fish stranded.

### Father Subirana miracle
Spanish priest Father José Manuel de Jesús Subirana was a figure in the history of Christianity in Honduras. He arrived in Honduras in 1855 and worked there until his death in 1864. Today the name of Father Subirana is linked with the legend of the Yoro fish rain. The legend goes as follows: "Father Subirana saw how poor the people of Honduras were and prayed three days and three nights asking God for a miracle to help the poor people and to provide them with food. After these three days and nights, God took note of this and there came a dark cloud. Many fish fell from the sky, feeding all the people."

## References
Karan Veer Mehra

**Karan Veer Mehra** is an Indian television actor.  He started his career with the show, *Remix* in 2005. He was also seen play the lead role in Sony SAB *TV, Biwi aur Main*. He has also worked in Bollywood movies such as *Ragini MMS 2*, *Mere Dad Ki Maruti*, *Blood Money*, *Badmashiyaan* and *Amen*. He is recently the winner of *Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 14* and *Bigg Boss 18*.

## Early and personal life 
Karan Mehra was born in Delhi. He studied in a boarding school in mussoorie : Wynberg Allen School and Delhi Public School (DPS). He did graduation in Advertising & Sales Promotion from Delhi College of Arts & Commerce (Delhi University).

## Filmography 
### Movies 
### Television 
### Web series 
### Music videos 
## References 
## Other websites
*
Apadana

**Apadana** is a large hypostyle hall. It generally refers to two palaces built by Darius the Great. One is in Susa, and the other is in Persepolis, both in modern day Iran. Sources say they are of "similar dimensions and floor plans", and are around 10,000 sq. meters. Both Apadanas had 36 columns in their main halls, which were 60x60 meters, with 36 more flanking the main hall on three sides, for 72 total (maps of Persepolis and Susa confirm the Apadanas have similar floor plans).

## References
Lyodra Ginting

**Lyodra Margareta Ginting** (born 21 June 2003) is an Indonesian singer and female actor from Medan, North Sumatra. He is the winner of the A3 category (aged 13-15 years) in the 2017 Sanremo Junior international solo singing competition for children in Sanremo City, Italy, as well as the champion of the tenth season of Indonesian Idol.

## Early life and education 
Lyodra is the eldest of two children, from Simar Ginting and Natalia Johanna Tarigan. His father is an entrepreneur while his mother is a mental health nurse.

## Career 
Lyodra started her career as a national child singer at the 2014 Kirana Semen Indonesia event, He also advanced to the final in Jakarta, along with 28 other finalists from 28 cities in Indonesia. In the final round at the national level which was held on March 31 2014 at Djakarta Theater XXI, Central Jakarta, Lyodra finished in the top four and took home the first place prize.

## Discography 
### Album studio 
### Television show 
## Awards 
During his career, Lyodra has received 39 awards from 71 nominations, including 4 Indonesian Music Awards, 2 Indonesian Music Awards, and 5 Bandung Music Awards and received 7 special awards.

In her career as a child singer, she won the 2017 Indonesian Music Award in the Best Female Children's Solo Artist category with the song "Dear Dream". After his debut as an adult singer, he received an award from the Dahsyatnya Awards as the Most Powerful Newcomer. Lyodra received his first nomination for an international award at the 2021 MTV Europe Music Awards in the Best Southeast Asian Act category. The first international music award he won was the 2021 Mnet Asian Music Awards as Best New Asian Artist Indonesia, followed by the 2022 Asia Artist Awards—specifically the Asia Celebrity music category.

Apart from music awards, in January 2021 Lyodra's name was included in the list of nine women who won the Indonesia's Beautiful Women award held by HighEnd magazine. In February 2022, he was also included in the annual Forbes Indonesia 30 Under 30 list in the Young Achievers and Game Changers category.

## References
George Worker

**George Herrick Worker** was born 23 August, 1989 in Palmerston North. He was a New Zealand cricketer who played 10 one-day internationals, 2 twenty20 internationals and no tests for New Zealand. He also played for Canterbury, Central Districts and Auckland in the Plunket Shield. He was related to Rupert Worker.

## Other websites
*
Alain Sikorski

**Alain Sikorski** (3 February 1959 – 21 January 2025) was a Belgian comics artist.

## Biography
Alain Sikorski was born in Liège on 3 February 1959 to a Belgian-Polish family. He lived until the age of sixteen in Tehran. After his studies, he completed his military service in Germany before starting a career in advertising. He opened his own studio SP Graphic2, but had to close it in 1987.

He turned to comics, for which he had already had done commissioned work for Cockerill-Sambre. In 1990, approached by the scriptwriter Denis Lapière, he took over the series Tif et Tondu. In 2007, he succeeded  as the cartoonist of the humorous series ''* in *Spirou magazine'', and was the cartoonist until 2012.

Sikorski died in Liège on 21 January 2025, at the age of 65.

## References
Raymond Goossens

**Raymond "Mon" Goossens** (14 September 1931 – 18 January 2025) was a Belgian politician. He was mayor of Ronst from 1977 to 1998.

## Biography
Goossens was born on 14 September 1931 in Broechem where he also grew up. Goossens came from a large, prominent farming family there. Goossens didn't became a farmer and studied. He had an international job at "Bell Telephone" and worked among others in the Philippines and Italy.

Goossens was a member of the Christian Social Party (CVP) and was committed to the Public Centre for Social Welfare (OCMW). After returning to Belgium after working abroad, Goossens became CVP party leader. In 1977 he became in a hutty mayor of the merged municipality of Ranst. He was the mayor until 1998.

Goossens became honorary mayor of Ranst and was also among others honorary member of Rotary Westmalle Kempen and honorary chairman of the  (LRV) of Broechem.

Goossens was married and had children. After his retirement he went to live in Spain. When his physical condition deteriorated he returned to Broechem, where he was cared for by his wife and children. He died in Broechem on 18 January 2025, at the age of 93 years old.

## References
Samsung Galaxy Note II

The **Samsung Galaxy Note II** (better known as **Samsung Galaxy Note 2**) is an Android smartphone developed and made by Samsung. It was released on September 26, 2012.

## Features 
The Samsung Galaxy Note II has a 3100mAh battery capacity. The Samsung Galaxy Note II has a 5.5 inch display, HD AMOLED display, The Samsung Galaxy Note II has a 2MP selfle camera. The Samsung Galaxy Note II has a 8.0MP rear camera.

The Samsung Galaxy Note II runs TouchWiz Nature UX 2.5 skin of the Android 4.1 Jelly Bean for first launch.
## Design 
The Samsung Galaxy Note II has a home button at center, back navigation bar at left and recent app navigation bar at right in the front of this phone.

The Samsung Galaxy Note II has a three color such as pink, white, gray, blue, ruby wine, brown and black.

## Reviews 
CNET says it in good review of the galaxy note ii for improved stylus, longer battery life, great camera, in bad review of the Galaxy note ii for cannot take a phone with their hand due to big screen, rating review 8.7/10.

Wired says it in good review of the galaxy note ii for 8MP good camera, powerful processer very good screen, in bad review of the Galaxy note ii for some people feels too big, rating review 9/10.

## Related pages 
*Samsung Galaxy Note
*Samsung Galaxy S III

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
Buick GL8

The **Buick GL8** is a luxury Minivan made by Buick since 1999.

## First Generation (1999-2016) 
The Buick GL8 started being produced in 1999. It is available in versions called LT, CT1, CT2, CT3 and the GT (available in first land only). The regular version is known as the GL8 2.5 and the long wheelbase version is called GL8 First Land.

The first generation GL8 has 2.4 liter 2.5 and 3.0 liter V6 petrol engines and 4 and 6-speed automatic transmissions. It was improved in 2005 and 2010. It was made until 2016.

## Second Generation (2010-present) 
The Second generation was introduced in 2010 as a 2011 model. The design is inspired by the concept Buick Business. It was developed by Pan-Asia Technical Automotive Center. It has 2.0 liter turbo engines and a 2.4 liter (used until 2015) a 2.5 liter engine (used in 2017 only) and a 3.0 liter V6 petrol engine (used until 2017) and a 6-speed automatic transmission (used until 2019). Currently it is a 9-speed automatic transmission.

After the launch of the third generation it was called Business Edition. The reason is to differentiate them. The second gen is still made and received improvements in 2020 and 2022.

## Third Generation (2016-present) 
The third generation was launched in 2016. It is nicknamed GL8 ES and is sold alongside the previous generation. It has a 2.0 liter turbo petrol engine with a 6-speed automatic transmission (used until 2019) and a 9-speed automatic transmission. It was improved in 2020 and 2022. Like the previous gen, it is still made.

The car has Hybrid and Plug-in hybrid versions launched in 2024 as an improved version. The versions have a 1.5 liter petrol engine combined with an electric motor.

## Fourth Generation (2022-present 
The fourth generation debuted in 2022 as the GL8 Century or the Century. The minivan has three versions: Base, the normal version, Avenir the mid-range version, and Flagship, a more luxuorious version. The seven-seater version was then launched in August 2023. This gen is a mild-hybrid having a 2.0 liter petrol engine combined with an electric motor with a 9-speed automatic transmission.

## Markets 
The Buick GL8 is currently sold exclusively in the Chinese market but from 2001 to 2006 it was exported to Philipines under the Chevrolet brand as the Chevrolet Venture.

## References
Immediately dangerous to life or health

The words **immediately dangerous to life or health** or **IDLH** mean that chemicals in the air could be high enough to be bad for a person's health. The high amount of chemicals in the air (their concentration in ppm/ppb) could cause quick injury or death. The concentrations in the United States are set by NIOSH and OSHA. Many equations are used to find the "lethal dose", which is also called LD50: mg substance inhaled per kg body weight. NIOSH then publishes the numbers that show how much of a chemical is bad for humans.

IDLH numbers have been used to help people choose the right respirator.

## Related pages 
* MAC at rest or work: maximum allowable concentration
* NIOSH
* OSHA

## References 
## Other websites 
* IDLH values *www.cdc.gov* May 10, 2019
* Respiratory protection *www.osha.gov* nr 1910.134(b)
Matia Koli

The **Matia Koli**, or **Matiya Koli** is a subcaste of Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Matia Kolis also known as **Pirana Kolis** because they follow the Pirmath (Satpanth) and worship the Pir Sadardin. Most of the Matia Kolis depends on the Agriculture for livelihood and are marginal farmers, some of the Matia Kolis are landlords.

## References
Leutkirch im Allgäu

**Leutkirch im Allgäu** is a former Free Imperial City in southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It belongs to the district of Ravensburg. About 24,000 people live there. It is in the western Allgäu region.

The name Leutkirch comes from "Leutekirche" (English: *Church of the people*), a catholic church in the town which is now called "Sankt Martin".

In 1972, the former municipalities of Diepoldshofen, Friesenhofen, Gebrazhofen, Herlazhofen, Hofs, Reichenhofen, Winterstetten and Wuchzenhofen joined together to become the town of Leutkirch im Allgäu.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Waldburg

**Waldburg** is a town in Ravensburg in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is the home of Waldburg Castle, a medieval castle that sits atop a hill. The castle dates from the 12th century.

## References
Wolfegg

**Wolfegg** is a municipality in Ravensburg in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is the home of Wolfegg Castle.

## Twin towns 
Wolfegg is twinned with:
*  Colico, Italy
*  Rüthi, Switzerland

## References
Roztocze National Park

**Roztocze National Park** () is a national park in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. It protects important natural areas in the middle part of the Roztocze hills. The park is  in size. Forests cover 81.02&nbsp;km2, and 8.06&nbsp;km2 are strictly protected. The park's office is in Zwierzyniec.

## History
Nature protection in this region started in 1934, when the Bukowa Góra Preserve was created. It is now a strictly protected area. In 1938, for the first time in Poland, a law protected prey birds on the Zamoyski family estate. The park was made from State Forests in Kosobudy and Zwierzyniec, which belonged to the Zamoyski estate.

Roztocze National Park started in 1974. At first, it was 48.01&nbsp;km2. The park office is in a restored building from the Zamoyski estate in Zwierzyniec.

## Geography
The park is in the Roztocze Środkowe area, in the upper valley of the Wieprz river. This area separates the Lublin Upland (Polish: *Wyżyna Lubelska*) from the Sandomierz Dale (Polish: *Kotlina Sandomierska*). Two small rivers start here: the Szum (2.5&nbsp;km) and the Świerszcz (7.5&nbsp;km).

Roztocze National Park has very old and special trees. Over 400 trees are called "nature monuments." The park also has some of the tallest fir trees in Poland, up to 50 meters high. Visitors can use five walking trails or a trail for bicycles.

## Wildlife
The park is home to many animals, like red deer, roe deer, boar, red fox, grey wolf, and eurasian badger. In 1979, European beavers were brought back to the park, and now they live well in the Wieprz valley. In 1982, Polish ponies were also brought to the park.

There are about 190 types of birds, such as eagles, storks, and woodpeckers. Reptiles in the park include lizards, common European adders, grass snakes, and the rare European pond terrapin. The park also has more than 2000 kinds of insects.

## Gallery
## Related pages
* State Forests (Poland)

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Battle for Kalabakan

**Battle of Kalabakan** was a surprise attack by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and 
Indonesian Marine Corps (IMC) on the camp of the Third Battalion of the *3 RAMD* in Kalabakan.

## Overview
The attack was led by Serda Rebani, Sabah on 29 December 1963. This attack took place during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation (1963–1966).

## Background
On December 16, 1963, a group of KKO soldiers conducted reconnaissance of the Sabah Rangers Post in Kalabakan and discovered that the post was very strong. Then a commander named Rebani decided to attack Kalabakan on December 30, 1963. 

## Battle
On the night of 29 December 1963 at 11:35 pm, Indonesian forces consisting of the KKO, TNKU launched an attack on the Malaysian security force positions in Kalabakan. The first attack was carried out by a detachment led by Sergeant Benny of the KKO, which attacked the RAMD-3 Post from a hilltop. In this attack, one officer and seven RAMD-3 personnel were killed, while 18 others were injured.

Ten minutes later, the second group attacked the Kalabakan Police Station. However, poor coordination in the attack gave the Police and Home Guard forces a chance to defend themselves. They managed to kill one Indonesian and injure four others. The fighting lasted for four hours before the Indonesian troops retreated north of Kalabakan.

The attack in Kalabakan was known as the **Fiery Night in Kalabakan** by the locals due to the intensity of the fighting. The RAMD-3 and police forces were supported by the Scout Troop and elements of the A 2 Reconnaissance Squadron replay troop which were deployed to assist.  

## Aftermath
On 2 January 1964, a 1/10 Gurkha troop led by Lieutenant Colonel Burnett was sent to Kalabakan to assist the 3rd Royal Malay Regiment (RAMD) in a search operation in the area. On 27 January, a patrol from Company B under the command of Second Lieutenant Ishar Bin Sham (12221) encountered an encampment of invading soldiers, which resulted in a clash. 

In the incident, one Indonesian soldier was killed and two rifles, 12 grenades, and a number of bullets were recovered. On 28 January, Platoon 6 led by Second Lieutenant Abdul Aziz Shaari (12178) managed to kill three Indonesian soldiers after being involved in a fierce battle at Merotai Estate. As of 10 February, 29 Indonesian soldiers had been killed, 33 captured, and 22 surrendered. 

The success was the result of quick action by the Malaysian military, which obtained assistance from the Gurkha forces and the Australian military, in addition to cooperation with the Home Guard in efforts to track and locate the North Kalimantan National Army (TNKU) into the jungle around Kalabakan. Sergeant Rebani was also recorded as having died in the hunt due to lack of food and drink and also the difficult terrain. For his services, Sergeant Rebani was promoted to the rank of Sergeant Major posthumously.

## Reference
Allobates ignotus

The **nurse frog of the Serranía de Perijá** (*Allobates ignotus*) is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Body
The adult male frog is 16.4 - 18.3  mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 16.9 - 20.9 mm long. Adults have three stripes on each side of their bodies.  The adults are brown in color with darker marks on the back and head. The front feet are dull yellow in color. Female frogs have yellow back legs too. There are dark brown marks on all the legs.

## Home
This frog lives in forests that have water in the air. Scientists saw them during the day near streams and on dead leaves on the ground. People also see the frogs in fields where people grow amapola and marijuana. Scientists saw the frog between 400 and 900 meters above sea level.

## Young
The tadpoles swim in streams. At one point in its life, the tadpole can be 19.4 mm long. Their bodies are oval in shape. The tail is longer than the rest of the body. The nose is round. The skin is clear, and the guts can be seen.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out. It can live on farms but the chemicals that farmers use to kill weeds and chemicals that farmers use to kill pests can get into the streams and water and hurt the tadpoles. People also change the places where the frog lives to make places for animals to eat grass. There are many coal mines where the frog lives too.

## First paper
*

## References
Crrush

***Crrush***  is a 2021 Indian Telugu-language adult comedy film written, directed and produced by Ravi Babu under the Flying Frogs. The cast includes Abhay Simha, Krishna Burugula, Charan Sai, Ankita Manoj, Parree Pande and Sri Sudha Reddy. The film premiered on 9 July 2021 on ZEE5.

## Cast 
* Abhay Simha The filming was halted in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The filming was resumed in June 2020, Ramanaidu Studios, Hyderabad.

## Music 
## Release 
In July 2021, it was announced that the film was heading for a streaming release on an OTT platform. It premiered on ZEE5 on 9 July 2021.

## Reception 
Siby Jeyya of India Herald reviewed the film. Srivathsan Nadadhur of *OTTplay* rated the film 0.5 out of 5 stars.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* *Crrush* on ZEE5
Waterloo Road (movie)

***Waterloo Road*** is a 1945 British movie directed by Sidney Gilliat. It stars John Mills, Stewart Granger, and Alastair Sim. It is based on the Waterloo area of South London. The British Film Institute database says it is the third  "unofficial trilogy" by Gilliat, preceded by *Millions Like Us* (1943) and *Two Thousand Women* (1944).

## Premise
A soldier called Jim Colter (played by John Mills) goes absence without leave (AWOL) to return to his home in south London to save his wife from Ted Purvis (Granger), a philandering conscription-dodger.

## Cast
* John Mills as Jim Colter
* Stewart Granger as Ted Purvis
* Alastair Sim as Dr. Montgomery
* Joy Shelton as Tillie Colter
* Alison Leggatt as Ruby
* Beatrice Varley as Mrs. Colter
* George Carney as Tom Mason
* Leslie Bradley as Mike Duggan
* Jean Kent as Toni
* Ben Williams as Corporal Lewis
* Anna Konstam as May
* Vera Frances as Vera Colter
* George Merritt as Air Raid Warden
* Ian Fleming as Officer at Station
* Wylie Watson as Tattooist
* John Boxer as Policeman at the Fight in Arcade
* Frank Atkinson as Pub Barman

## Related pages 
* Waterloo Road
* Waterloo Bridge
* The Cut

## References
## Other websites 
*
* *Waterloo Road* at BFI Screenonline
*Review of film at *Variety*
*Review in *Time Out*
*Review in *The New York Times*
*MovieMall DVD information
Mehrabad International Airport

**Mehrabad International Airport** is an airport in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Before Imam Khomeini International Airport was built in 2007, Mehrabad was the main airport for both international and domestic flights. Now, it only handles domestic flights. In 2016, it was still the busiest airport in Iran, serving 16,678,351 passengers. The airport is also used by the Iranian government and is a base for the Iranian Air Force.

## Operations 
Mehrabad Airport only manages domestic flights. From March 2022 to March 2023, it served 12.3 million passengers.

## References
Tehran Metro

The **Tehran Metro** is a fast transit system in Tehran, the capital of Iran. It is the largest metro system in the Middle East. The system is owned and run by Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway. It has six working metro lines and one commuter rail line, with more lines being built. These include extensions to lines 2, 4, 6, and 7, plus new lines 8, 9, and 10.

Over 3 million people use the metro every day. In 2018, there were 820 million trips. As of December 2023, the metro covers 292.1 kilometers (181.5 miles), with 224.6 kilometers (139.6 miles) being standard metro rail. By 2040, it is planned to grow to 430 kilometers (270 miles) with 11 lines.

The metro operates daily from 4:30 AM to 10:00 PM.

Women-Only Section
The trains run on standard tracks and are mostly underground. Tickets cost 5,300 Iranian Toman (about $0.05 USD) per ride, but prepaid tickets are cheaper. Seniors can ride for free. On all trains, the first and part of the second cars at each end are reserved for women, but women can ride in any car if they choose.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website 
* Tehran Metro
Imam Khomeini International Airport

**Imam Khomeini International Airport** is the main international airport of Tehran, Iran's capital. It is located 2 kilometers (1 mile) from Vahnabad and 35 kilometers (22 miles) southwest of Tehran. The airport is named after Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran's first supreme leader, and is run by Imam Khomeini Airport City Company. It covers 13,400 hectares (33,000 acres) with two terminals and two runways. All international flights to Tehran land here, while domestic flights use Mehrabad Airport. Imam Khomeini Airport is a hub for several airlines and was the third busiest airport in Iran in 2019.

The airport was planned before the 1979 revolution because Mehrabad Airport was overcrowded. It was supposed to open in May 2004, managed by a Turkish-Austrian company (TAV). However, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps closed it right after the first plane landed, citing security concerns about foreigners managing the airport. Some in parliament claimed TAV had ties to Israel, though the company denied this. The airport reopened in April 2005 with Iranian airlines running it. A second terminal was added in 2019.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website
Dubai Gold Souk

**Dubai Gold Souk** or **Gold Souk** is a Dubai based traditional market located in Dubai's commercial business district in Deira; consisting of over 380 retailers, most of whom are jewelry traders.The Dubai Gold souk was host to the largest ring in the world weighing 64 kg. The piece is owned by Dubai-based Taiba.

## Location 
The Deira Corniche near Baniyas Square at Sikkat al-Khali Street, which is close to the Deira Bus Stand, and the Dubai Fish and Vegetable Market abut Dubai Gold Souk to the north. The Dubai Textile Souk is located across the Dubai Creek.

## References
List of U.S. Dollar Denominations

The U.S. Dollar (USD) is the main currency of the United States. This is a **list of USD Denominations**:
Achstetten

**Achstetten** is the northernmost municipality in Biberach, in Upper Swabia in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

The former municipalities of Oberholzheim, Bronnen and Stetten were joined together to become the municipality of Achstetten between 1972 and 1975.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Webpage of the municipality of Achstetten
Syncretism

-Isis and Hades-Serapis, an example of Greco-Egyptian syncretism]]
**Syncretism** is a word that describes a process of combining ideas from  different systems of thought to form a new system of thought. The word is used in philosophy, in the history of religions, but also  linguistics, literary studies and psychology. When talking about culture, syncretism is auto combining several cultures into a new form of culture and famous syncretism figures are hermenubius and Serpias and I Zeus
Mary Damron

**Mary Jean Damron** (April 17, 1954 – December 26, 2024) was an American missionary and humanitarian who was known for her work with Christian humanitarian aid organization Samaritan's Purse and the Operation Christmas Child program in the 1990s. She traveled to Bosnia and Herzegovina and several other war-torn countries during her years as a missionary, delivering gift-filled shoeboxes to children affected by poverty or war. She encouraged President Clinton to pack a shoebox, along with First Lady Hillary Clinton. The shoeboxes were delivered to a 7-year-old girl named Zlada in Bosnia who lost her leg in an artillery attack.

Damron died on December 26, 2024 at age 70,

## References
Penteract

A **penteract** is a 5-dimensional object, specifically a 5d version of a cube, with 10 facets (basically faces). Each cell is a tesseract. Together, each cell makes the surface of the penteract. A penteract also has 40 cube cells, 80 square faces, and 32 vertices. Its dual is the 5-orthoplex (the 5d version of an octahedron).
Buick Envista

The **Buick Envista** is a compact Coupé Crossover SUV made by Buick since 2022.

## History and Features 
The Buick Envista was first shown in China in August 2022. later it was launched in North America in April 2023. the Envista is made in Changwon while for the Chinese market its made in Shenyang the SUV shares its plataform with the Chevrolet Trax and has a 1.2 liter turbo and 1.5 liter turbo (avaliable in China only) gasoline engines with a 6-speed automatic transmission and a CVT transmission (also avaliable in China only).

## Markets 
The Buick Envista is currently sold in North America and China in North America its the entry-level model of Buick brand and is positioned above the Buick Encore GX and below the Buick Envision.

## References