open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kelis

**Kelis Rogers** (born August 21, 1979), better known as **Kelis**, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, musician, chef and model. Her most well-known songs is "Milkshake", "Bossy", Midnight Snacks" and "Feed Them". It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance.  Kelis current age is 46

## Early life
Kelis was born and raised in Harlem, Manhattan. Her father was an African American jazz musician. Her mother is Puerto Rican and Chinese. She went to a private school called Manhattan Country School. When she was sixteen Kelis left home. 

## Career
Kelis released her first album *Kaleidoscope* on December 7, 1999. Her second album *Wonderland* was released in October 2001. Kelis released her most successful album so far, *Tasty*, in December 2003. The first single from the album, "Milkshake", reached number three in the *Billboard* Hot 100. In 2006 *Kelis Was Here* was released. *Flesh Tone* was released in 2010. In 2014 she released the album "Food".

## References
Roosevelt Skerrit

**Roosevelt Skerrit** (born 8 June 1972) is a Dominican politician. He became Prime Minister of Dominica in January 2004.

## References
Taur Matan Ruak

**Taur Matan Rauk** (born **José Maria Vasconcelos**; October 10, 1956) is a East Timorese politician. He became President of East Timor in May 2012. In June 2018, he became the 7th Prime Minister of East Timor.

## References
Xanana Gusmão

**Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão** (, born **José Alexandre Gusmão**, , on 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician, who is serving as the Prime Minister of East Timor since 2023, previously served in that position from 2007 to 2015. He was the first President of East Timor. He served as President from May 2002 to May 2007. 

## References
## Other websites
* Official biography
José Ramos-Horta

**José Manuel Ramos-Horta** GCL AC (; born 26 December 1949) is an East Timorese politician and 1996 Nobel Peace Prize winner. Ramos-Horta is the President of East Timor since 2022.  He was president before from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012. He was the United Nations' special Representative and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS).

## References
Pope Leo VII

**Pope Leo VII** (??? − 13 July 939) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 3 January 936 until he died on 13 July 939.

He called for Odo of Cluny to mediate between Alberic II of Spoleto and Hugh of Italy. Odo successfully negotiated a truce after he arranged a marriage between Hugh's daughter Alda and Alberic. He was appointed Frederick, Archbishop of Mainz as a reformer in Germany. He allowed Frederick to drive out Jews that had refused to be baptized  but he also did not endorse the forced baptism of Jews. He died on 13 July 939. After he died, he was interred into St. Peter's Basilica.

## References
Ronan Tynan

**Ronan Tynan** (born 14 May 1960) is an Irish singer. Tynan was known for singing *Amazing Grace* at the funeral of President of the United States Ronald Reagan. He is also known for participating in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Paralympics.

## References
Mike Dunleavy Jr.

**Michael Joseph "Mike" Dunleavy, Jr.** (born September 15, 1980 in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American professional basketball player. He played for the Golden State Warriors from 2002 2007. In 2013, he joined the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is currently the general manager for the Golden State Warriors.

## References
Vicente Ehate Tomi

**Vicente Ehate Tomi** (born 1968) is an Equatoguinean politician. He became Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea on May 21, 2012.

## References
Mauricio Funes

**Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena** (18 October 1959 &ndash; 21 January 2025) was a Salvadoran politician. He was the President of El Salvador from 2009 to 2014. He won the 2009 elections as the candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) political party.

After his presidency, he lived in exile in Nicaragua from 2016 until his death because he was accused of criminal actions during his presidency. In July 2023, he was placed under sanctions by the U.S. State Department following his conviction in absentia for negotiations related to the gang truces he made while in office, illicit enrichment, and tax evasion. 

Funes died from problems caused by a heart attack in Managua, Nicaragua, on 21 January 2025, at the age of 65.

## References
Isaias Afwerki

**Isaias Afwerki** (Tigrinya: Isaias Afwerki (Tigrinya: ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ; born February 2, 1946) is an Eritrean politician. Isaias became the first (and only) President of Eritrea in 1993.

## Political Career 
After being elected president of Eritrea, in 1992, Isaias had a referendum on if Eritrea should become independent from Ethiopia and made it a law that everyone had to vote. Witnesses didn’t vote because it’s against their religion so Isaias had them arrested. 

In 2010, Isaias said the next elections would be in “three or four decades” or “maybe more.”  

## References
## Other websites
*Official website of the Ministry of Information of Eritrea
*Current and update on Eritrea 
*Isaias Afewerki's Biography With Rare Photos of His early Childhood
*New Internationalist feature on Isaias Afewerki
*Afewerki is a longtime fixture on Parade Magazine's annual list "The World's Worst Dictators"
Korean paper

***Hanji*** (Korean paper) is the Korean traditional paper. *Hanji* literally means “paper of Korea”. *"Han"* stands for "Korea," and *"ji"* means "paper."

## History
*Hanji*’s history goes back to 4th century. Koreans started making it after papermaking technique came to Korea from China with Buddhism. After since, Korean paper came to be known as the highest quality paper available in East Asia. During Goryeo period, *hanji* flourished with the development of printing technique in Korea. Its best days continued throughout Joseon Dynasty. However, it did not last forever. Western’s mass production of paper and Japanese’s oppression on Korean traditional cultures ended golden ages of *hanji*.  Nowadays, Korean paper is considered as a tradition worth preserving and spreading. More people are interested in arts and crafts of *hanji*, and there it has become the part of the tourism for foreigners, too. 

## Characteristic
*Hanji* is made out of inner bark of mulberry, a tree native to Korea. The inner bark of the mulberry is so strong and durable that it does not decay in water up to a year. Korean paper’s durability comes from this tree. The life span of Korean paper is 1,000 years. For example, *[Mugujeonggwang Daedaranigyeong](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mugujeonggwang_daedaranigyeong_(replica,_Great_Dharani_Sutra_of_Immaculate_and_Pure_Light),_8th_century_woodblock_print_-_Korean_Culture_Museum,_Incheon_Airport,_Seoul,_South_Korea_-_DSC00801.JPG),* the world's oldest woodblock print was created in 751. Also, thanks to its durability, Koreans even used it as body armor in war. 1 year old trees are used to make the high-quality *hanji*, and older trees are used for cheaper modern papers. 

## Usage
There are several kinds of mulberry trees in Korea. They grow in different climate conditions. Each kind of mulberry tree produces different kinds of hanji, and they are all used in a different way. There are various kinds of Korean paper, and they are named after their usage. *Changhoji*, for instance, is a kind of Korean paper. *Changhoji* means window paper. Koreans used to glue *changhoji* on a door because it allows both air and light through it, thanks to its wide fiber. There are other kinds of *hanji* as well. When Korean paper is used as a copy paper, it is called *bogsaji*. It is used as paper for family registry book or Buddhist scriptures. When the Four Gracious Plants (plum, orchid, chrysanthemum and bamboo) or birds are drawn on *hanji*, it is called *hwasunji*, the drawing paper. Nowadays, Korean paper is used for arts and crafts.  

## References
Luis Liberman

**Luis Liberman Ginsburg** (born 1 August 1947) is a Costa Rican businessperson and politician. He became the Second Vice President of Costa Rica in 2010. He was elected in February 2010 on the ticket with President Laura Chinchilla and First Vice President Alfio Piva.

## References
Andrus Ansip

**Andrus Ansip** (born 1 October 1956) is an Estonian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 2005 to 2014. He is chairman of the market liberal Estonian Reform Party ().

## References
Hailemariam Desalegn

**Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe** () (born 19 July 1965) is an Ethiopian politician. He became Prime Minister of Ethiopia in July 2012 after the death of then-Prime Minister Meles Zenawi. He resigned on 15 February 2018 after mass protests and civil unrest.

## References
Guillaume Soro

**Guillaume Kigbafori Soro** (born 8 May 1972) is an Ivorian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from April 2007 to March 2012.
## Biography 
In July 2023, an investigating judge in Paris, France was appointed to investigate the April 2011 assassination of Ibrahima Coulibaly, a former Ivorian rebel leader, in which Guillaume Soro is believed to have been implicated in the assassination.https://fr.africanews.com/2023/07/04/france-soro-vise-dans-lenquete-sur-lassassinat-dun-chef-rebelle-ivoirien/.

## References
Epeli Nailatikau

Brigadier General **Ratu Epeli Nailatikau**, CF, LVO, OBE, MSD, KStJ, (5 July 1941 &ndash; 26 March 2026) was a Fijian chief and politician. He became the President of Fiji on 5 November 2009. He left office in 2015. In 2019, he became the 2nd Speaker of the Parliament.

Nailatikau died on 26 March 2026 at the age of 84.

## References
Ismaïl Omar Guelleh

**Ismaïl Omar Guelleh** (Somali: *Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle.* Arabic: اسماعيل عُمر جليه) (born 27 November 1947) is an Djiboutian politician. He became the President of Djibouti in May 1999.

## Biography 
From Mamassan clan, one of the components of the Somali tribe Issas, Ismaïl Omar Guelleh is the grandson of Guellé Mohamed, better known as Guelleh Batal, one of the signatories of the "agreement franco of August 30, 1917, which ratifies the "free transfer to the French Government of the coasts, harbors, harbors, islands and territories occupied from time immemorial by the Issa tribes". In recognition, Guelleh Batal obtained from the French administration the position of recruiter on behalf of the CFE.

The father of Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, son of Guelleh Batal, is Omar Guelleh, one of the first native teachers in the 1930s before working, following the path of his father, on behalf of the French-Ethiopian Railway Company. (CFE) which built the line linking Djibouti to Addis Ababa and whose headquarters were in Dire Dawa, a city itself created by the company.

The grandfather of the latter, Oumar Ali Adal, "would be one of the first Issas to have joined the wet Penguin in front of what will become Djibouti".

In Dire Dawa, Ismaïl Omar Guelleh follows traditional teaching at the Koranic school, then at the French school Charles-de-Foucault in Djibouti.

In 1964, at the age of 18, Ismail Omar Guelleh began working in the General Intelligence of the French Territory of the Afars and Issas, because he speaks Amharic, Somali, Arabic, French, French Italian and English.

In 1974, he was suspended because he was suspected of transmitting information to the independence movement [ref. necessary]. He then invested himself in the African Popular League for Independence (LPAI) chaired by Hassan Gouled Aptidon (who belongs to the same extended family group, or "clan"), which militates for independence.

In 1977, Ismaïl Omar Guelleh is a member of the delegation that negotiates with France the independence of his country. Independence was proclaimed on June 27, 1977. The new President of the Republic, Hassan Gouled, appointed him head of his cabinet. He is therefore involved from the beginning in the management of the country facing an external conflict, the Ogaden war between Somalia and Ethiopia, and internal tensions.

## References
## Other websites
Audrey Totter

**Audrey Mary Totter** (December 20, 1917 – December 12, 2013) was an American actress. She worked for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a contract star. Totter was known for her role on *Medical Center*.

Totter died of a stroke in Los Angeles, California on December 12, 2013, aged 95.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Hazem El Beblawi

**Hazem Abdel Aziz El Beblawi** (born 17 October 1936) is an Egyptian politician. He became the interim Prime Minister of Egypt in July 2013 after the 2013 Egypt protest which caused Mohamed Morsi out of office. On 25 February 2014, he announced his resignation.

## References
## Other websites
* Egyptian State Information Service CV
Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne

***Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne*** is a real-time strategy video game. It is published by Blizzard Entertainment. It is the expansion set of *Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos*. It was released in 2003. 

## New features 
All races (The Undead, Night Elves, Humans, Orcs) have one more Hero (Crypt Lord, Warden, Bloodmage, and Shadow Hunter). Moreover, there is the Tavern in most new maps. Players can hire neutral heroes from there. There is the Beastmaster, Dark Ranger, Firelord, Goblin Tinker, Goblin Alchemist, Naga Sea Witch, Pandaren Brewmaster, and Pit Lord.

All races have their own shops.
* Tomb of Relics, which is the shop of the Undead, sells the Rod of Necromancy, Sacrificial Skull, Dust of Appearance, Potion of Healing, Potion of Mana, Scroll of Town Portal, Orb of Corruption, Scroll of Healing.
* Ancient of Wonders, which is the shop of the Night Elves, sells Moonstone, Lesser Clarity Potion, Dust of Appearance, Potion of Healing, Potion of Mana Scroll of Tonw Portal, Staff of Preservation, Orb of Venom, Anti-Magic Potion.
* Arcane Vault, which is the shop of Humans, sells Scroll of Regeneration, Mechanical Critter, Lesser Clarity Potion, Potion of Healing, Potion of Mana Scroll of Tonw Portal, Ivory Tower, Orb of Fire, Staff of Sanctuary. 
* Voodoo Lounge, which is the shop of the Orcs, sells Healing Selves, Lesser Clarity Potion, Speed Scroll, Potion of Healing, Potion of Mana Scroll of Tonw Portal, Tiny Great Hall, and Lighting Orb.

All races have new units. The Undead now have Obsidian Statue, Destroyer, Skeletal Mage, and Carrion Beetle for their new armies. The Night Elves acquire Mountain Giant, Faerie Dragon, Avatar of Vengeance, and Sprit of Vengeance for their new armies. The Humans acquire Spell Breaker, Dragonhawk Rider, and Phoenix for their new armies. The Orcs acquire Berserker, Spirit Walker, and Troll Batrider for their new armies. 

## Change in gameplay 
Upkeep System takes the form of a tax on player's Gold mining that is automatically deducted from all Gold players get. The upper limit of this system is increased. Low Upkeep becomes 50 from 40. High Upkeep becomes 80 from 70.

The costs of all units and buildings are reduced in price.

## References 
* Battle.Net
Pope Leo VI

**Pope Leo VI** (??? − February 929) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from June 928 until February 929 when he died.

Tradition tells that he was a member of the Sanguini family. Before being elected, he was the cardinal-priest of the church of Santa Susanna in Rome.

He died on 15 March 931 in Rome and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica. He was succeeded by Pope Stephen VII.

## References
Switchfoot

**Switchfoot** is an American alternative rock band from San Diego, California. 

Switchfoot was formed in 1996 by lead singer Jon Foreman, his brother Tim and Chad Butler. They originally named the band **Chin Up**. The band was signed to Re:think Records by Charlie Peacock. 

The band released their debut album *The Legend of Chin* on June 17, 1997. Their second studio album *New Way to Be Human* was released on March 11, 1999. Their third album *Learning to Breathe* was released on September 26, 2000 and received a Grammy nomination in 2001 for *Best Rock Gospel Album*. On February 25, 2003, they released their third album *The Beautiful Letdown*. *Nothing Is Sound* was released on September 13, 2005 and *Oh! Gravity.* was released on December 26, 2006 in North America and January 1, 2007 in the United Kingdom. Their newest album *Vice Verses* was released on September 27, 2011.

They are currently working on their ninth studio album *Fading West* which is scheduled to be released on January 14, 2014. The album is also accompanied with a documentary of the same name by the band. The movie was shown during the first concert they performed of their Fading West Tour, and it was released digitally on December 10, 2013.

## Band members 
;Current
*Jon Foreman – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1996–present)
*Tim Foreman – bass (1996–present)
*Chad Butler – drums (1996–present)
*Jerome Fontamillas – rhythm guitar, keyboard (2003–present)
*Drew Shirley – lead guitar (2005–present)

## Discography
### Albums
**The Legend of Chin* (1997)
**New Way to Be Human* (1999)
**Learning to Breathe* (2000)
**The Beautiful Letdown* (2003)
**Nothing Is Sound* (2005)
**Oh! Gravity.* (2006)
**Hello Hurricane* (2009)
**Vice Verses* (2011)
**Fading West* (2014)

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Kristubhagavatam

***Kristubhagavatam*** is a mahakavya (an epic poem) written in Sanskrit. It is based on the life of Jesus Christ. It was written by Mahakavi P. C. Devassia. Devassia was a Sanskrit scholar from Kerala, India.

## References
Jyrki Katainen

**Jyrki Tapani Katainen** (born 14 October 1971) is a Finnish politician. He was the Prime Minister of Finland from June 2011 to June 2014. He is also the chairman of the National Coalition Party.

## References
## Other websites
* Jyrki Katainen's home page 
* National Coalition Party of Finland
Colada morada

***Colada morada*** (Spanish for *dark purple strained*) is a traditional Ecuadorian drink. It is prepared with black corn flour and fruits such as naranjilla, babaco, pineapple, blackberries, strawberries, and blueberries (which give it its color). The drink is sweetened with cane sugar. It is served hot.
Poitou

**Poitou** was a province of France of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.
There is a marshland called the Poitevin Mar on the Gulf of Poitou, on the west coast of France, just north of La Rochelle and west of Niort.

Many of the Acadians who settled in what is now Nova Scotia beginning in 1604 and later to New Brunswick, came from the region of Poitou. After the Acadians were deported by the British beginning in 1755, a number of Acadians eventually took refuge in Poitou and in Québec. A large portion of these refugees also migrated to Louisiana in 1785 and following years became known as Cajuns.

## Related pages
*Poitou-Charentes for the present-day Region of France including Poitiers.

## References
## Other websites
*Poitou, former province of France
Frank Bainimarama

Commodore **Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama**, CF, MSD, OStJ, Fijian Navy, known commonly as **Frank Bainimarama** and sometimes by the chiefly title *Ratu* (born 27 April 1954) is a Fijian naval officer and politician. He became the Prime Minister of Fiji in January 2007, and remained in office until December 2022.

## References
## Other websites
* Republic of Fiji Military Forces website 
* Bainimarama's speech, 5 December 2006: the stated reasons for the coup 
* Commodore Bainimarama's address to the 62nd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 28 September 2007 (video )
* Commodore Bainimarama's address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 26 September 2008
* Frank, Uncensored, ABC documentary by Philippa McDonald, 3 August 2010.
Pope John VII

**Pope John VII** (650 – 18 October 707) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1 March 705 until 18 October 707 when he died.

His father was Plato was a curator of the Palatine Hill. This makes him the first pope to be the son of a Byzantine official.

He had bad relations with the Quinisext council of 692 but had good relations with the Lombards, who had ruled much of Italy at the time. Liber Pontificalis criticized Pope John VII for not signing Canons which were really unpopular in Italy at the time.

Liber Pontificalis said: 
::*"He [Emperor Justinian II] despatched two metropolitan bishops, also sending with them a mandate in which he requested and urged the pontiff [John VII] to gather a council of the apostolic church, and to confirm such of them as he approved, and quash and reject those which were adverse. But he, terrified in his human weakness, sent them back to the prince by the same metropolitans without any emendations at all."*

He died on 18 October 707 and was buried in Chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was succeeded by Pope Sisinnius.

## References
Yahya Jammeh

**Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh** (; born 25 May 1965) is a Gambian politician. He became the president of The Gambia in 1994.

## References
## Other websites
* Jammeh to Hizbullah TV: We Support Iran's Nuclear Program; All Countries Are Entitled to Obtain Nuclear Weapons Until These Are Abolished
Vano Merabishvili

**Ivane "Vano" Merabishvili** (; born 15 April 1968) is a Georgian politician. He became Prime Minister of Georgia on 4 July 2012. His term ended after his resignation on 25 October 2012.

## References
Bidzina Ivanishvili

**Bidzina Ivanishvili** (, also known as **Boris Ivanishvili**; born 18 February 1956) is a Georgian businessman and politician. He became the Prime Minister of Georgia on 25 October 2012. He resigned his position as Prime Minister on 20 November 2013.

## References
Giorgi Margvelashvili

**Giorgi Margvelashvili** (; born 4 September 1969) is a Georgian educator and politician. He served as President of Georgia from 17 November 2013 to 16 December 2018.

## References
Irakli Garibashvili

**Irakli Garibashvili** (, also transliterated as **Gharibashvili**) (born June 28, 1982) is a Georgian politician and former business executive. He became Prime Minister of Georgia on 20 November 2013. He resigned as prime minister on 23 December 2015. He became prime minister again in 2021. On January 29, 2024, he announced his resignation and announced that he would become leader of the ruling Georgian Dream party.

## References
John Atta Mills

**John Evans Fiifi Atta Mills** (21 July 1944 – 24 July 2012) was a Ghanaian politician, a lawyer, a legal scholar, a tax expert and a sports administrator. He became President of Ghana after he was elected in 2009. He died on 24 July 2012 from throat cancer.

## References
## Other websites
John Mahama

**John Dramani Mahama** (; born 29 November 1958) is a Ghanaian politician who has been the President of Ghana since 2025. He was president before from 2012 to 2017. He succeeded John Atta Mills after his sudden death.

In 2020, Mahama unsuccessfully ran for president again but lost to incumbent president Nana Akufo-Addo. He ran for president again in 2024, winning the election against Vice President Mahamudu Bawumia.

## Early Life 
John Mahama was born on November 29, 1958. He comes from the Gonja ethnic group in Ghana's Savanna Region. His hometown is Bole in the Savanna Region.

Mahama's father was a rich farmer and teacher. He was also a very important person in Ghana's government.

## References
Raymond Ndong Sima

**Raymond Ndong Sima** (born 23 January 1955) is a Gabonese politician. He is the curren Prime Minister of Gabon since September 2023. He was Prime Minister previously from February 2012 to January 2014.

## References
George Papandreou

**Georgios A. Papandreou** ( born 16 June 1952) is a Greek politician.  He became Prime Minister of Greece from October 2009.  His term ended in November 2011. 

His father Andreas was Prime Minister in the 1980s and again in the middle 1990s.  His grandfather Georgios was also Prime Minister of Greece in the middle 20th century.

## References
## Other websites
*primeminister.gov.gr, official prime minister website (in Greek; English option on homepage)
*
**George Papandreou: Imagine a European democracy without borders* June 2013 TED Talk
France Roche

**France Roche** (2 April 1921 &ndash; 14 December 2013) was a French actress and screenwriter. She appeared in 17 movies between 1951 and 1979. She died on 14 December 2013 from natural causes, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
*
Antonis Samaras

**Antonis Samaras** (; born 23 May 1951) is a Greek politician. He became Prime Minister of Greece and Leader of New Democracy. He last served as the Minister of Finance in 1989, then Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1990, and again from 1990 to 1992. His term as prime minister ended on 26 January 2015 when he was succeeded by Alexis Tsipras.

## References
Ali Bongo Ondimba

**Ali Bongo Ondimba** (born **Alain Bernard Bongo**; February 9, 1959) is a Gabonese politician. He was the President of Gabon from 16 October 2009 until he was deposed on 30 August 2023.

On 7 January 2019, soldiers in Gabon launched a coup d’etat attempt. The coup attempt failed, and the government successfully re-asserted control.

In October 2018, he was hospitalized due to a stroke in Riyadh.

In October 2021, Ali Bongo is quoted in the “Pandora papers”, these documents on the use of offshore companies in tax havens, Ali Bongo would have been the beneficiary of two companies now dissolved.

On 30 August 2023, military forces, led by high-ranking officers, took control of key government buildings, communication channels, and strategic points within the capital Libreville. During a televised address around ten military personnel announced the end of Bongo's regime, citing "irresponsible, unpredictable governance" that had led to "a continuous degradation of social cohesion, risking pushing the country into chaos." They announced the annulment of the 2023 Gabonese general election and the dissolution of state institutions, as well as the closure of the country's borders.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site of Ali Bongo
*2004 photograph of Ali Bongo (''People's Daily'')
*GABON: Who will succeed Omar Bongo?, IRIN News, 11 February 2005
Cécile La Grenade

**Dame Cécile Ellen Fleurette La Grenade**, GCMG, OBE, PhD (born 30 December 1952) is a Grenadian food scientist and politician. She became Governor-General of Grenada in May 2013. La Grenade was sworn-in as Governor-General of Grenada on 7 May 2013 as the nation's first female Governor-General.

## References
## Other websites
*Grenada Names First Female Governor General, Cecile La Grenade
*Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Karolos Papoulias

**Karolos Papoulias** (, 4 June 1929 &ndash; 26 December 2021) was a Greek politician. He was the 6th President of Greece from 2005 to 2015. He was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1996.

Papoulias died on 26 December 2021 in Athens at the age of 92.

## References
Keith Mitchell

**Keith Claudius Mitchell** (born 12 November 1946) is a Grenadian politician. He became Prime Minister of Grenada in February 2013. He also served as Prime Minister from 1995 to 2008. He was the longest serving Prime Minister Grenada has ever had, holding the office for just over 13 years. He lost re-election in 2022 to Dickon Mitchell.

## References
Tillman Thomas

**Tillman Joseph Thomas** (born June 13, 1945) is a Grenadian politician. He became Prime Minister of Grenada from 2008 to 2013. He has been the leader of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) since 2000.

## References
## Other websites
*http://www.gov.gd/ - Official site
Mohamed Said Fofana

**Mohamed Said Fofana** (born 1952) is a Guinean politician. He was the Prime Minister of Guinea from 2010 to 2015. He began his term as Prime Minister in 2010. His predecessor was Jean-Marie Doré.

## References
Alpha Condé

**Alpha Condé** (born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician. He became the President of Guinea. He began his term as President in 2010. The president before him was Sékouba Konaté. The news reported he may have been bribed by a mining company.

Condé was arrested and removed from power on 5 September 2021 by members of the Republic of Guinea Armed Forces.

On December 9, 2022, the US Treasury published a list of more than forty personalities targeted by sanctions for acts of corruption and human rights violations. Among the targets of the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), the financial control body of the Treasury Department is Alpha Condé.https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1399538/politique/mali-guinee-alpha-conde-et-karim-keita-sous-sanctions-des-etats-unis/.

## References
Rui Duarte de Barros

**Rui Duarte de Barros** is a Guinea-Bissauan politician. He was Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau since December 2023. He was previously acting Prime Minister from May 2012 to July 2014.

## References
Donald Ramotar

**Donald Rabindranauth Ramotar** (born 22 October 1950) is a Guyanese politician of the People's Progressive Party. 

He was President of Guyana from 2011 to 2015. His predecessor was Bharrat Jagdeo.

## References
Sam Hinds

**Samuel Archibald Anthony "Sam" Hinds** (born 27 December 1943) is a Guyanan politician. He was several times Prime Minister of Guyana. Last time from 1999 to 2015. He was also briefly President of Guyana, in 1997.

## References
Laurent Lamothe

**Laurent Lamothe** (born 14 August 1972) is a Haitian politician and businessman. He was the Prime minister of Haiti from 16 May 2012 to 14 December 2014.

## References
Michel Martelly

**Michel Joseph Martelly** (born 12 January 1961) is a Haitian politician, former musician, and businessman. He became the  President of Haiti in May 2011. His predecessor was René Préval. His stage name was **Sweet Mickey**. He resigned on 10 February 2016. 

## References
Porfirio Lobo Sosa

**Porfirio Lobo Sosa** (born 22 January 1947) also known by his nickname, **Pepe Lobo**, is a former Honduran politician. He was President of Honduras from 2010 to 2014.

## References
János Áder

**János Áder** (born 9 May 1959) is a Hungarian politician. He became the President of Hungary in May 2012. He left office in May 2022.

## References
Carlyle Glean

**Sir Carlyle Arnold Glean**, GCMG (11 February 1932 &ndash; 21 December 2021) was a Grenadian politician. He became Governor-General of Grenada on 27 November 2008 until 7 May 2013.

Glean died on 21 December 2021, at the age of 89.

## References
Obdurodon tharalkooschild

***Obdurodon tharalkooschild*** is an extinct species of platypus in the genus *Obdurodon*. Only one single tooth has been found. This was at the Miocene fossil beds in Riversleigh in Queensland, Australia.

The tooth was discovered in 2012 by a team from the University of New South Wales including Mike Archer, Suzanne Hand, and Rebecca Pian. 

The species lived during in the middle and upper Miocene about 5–15 million years ago.  Wear on the tooth shows that it probably crushed hard shells such as those of turtles. Because of this, scientists believe that  *O. tharalkooschild* was carnivorous. They also believe that it was twice the size of the modern platypus at one metre long. Its name was chosen in honour of an indigenous Australian creation story for the platypus, where a duck named Tharalkoo gives birth to a strange and fantastic creature after being ravished by a water-rat.
Power system protection

**Power system protection** is part of an electric power system. It protects an electrical network from faults by isolating the faulted parts from the healthy parts. This keeps the power system working as much as possible.

## Protective devices
* Instrument transformer
* Relay
* Circuit breaker
Jack McBrayer

**Jack McBrayer** (born May 27, 1973) is an American comedic actor. He became famous after appearing many times on ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien*. He won some Emmy Awards. He starred as the title character, Wander, in the Disney Channel original series *Wander Over Yonder*. He also appeared in the films such as *Despicable Me* (2010), and other.

## Early life
McBrayer was born in Macon, Georgia, and moved to Conyers, Georgia when he was 15. He studied theater administration at the University of Evansville, worked at The Second City and IO Theater (1995–2002),

## Personal life
He is also good friends with actress Tina Fey.

## Filmography
### Movies
### Television
### Other
* *Kate's Place'' - Curry

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Interview with McBrayer on The Sound of Young America
* Entertainment Weekly interview  with Jack McBrayer and the actors who portray TV assistants Lloyd ("Entourage") and Marc ("Ugly Betty").
Electrical enclosure

An **electrical enclosure** is a cabinet used to hold electrical equipment. It keeps the equipment safely separated from people to prevent electrical shock.

## Materials 
Materials used for electrical enclosure are usually made from strong plastic or metal.
Partial discharge

A **partial discharge** (**PD**) is an electric discharge that breaks through a small portion of the insulation between two conductors. A discharge is when electrical charge that has accumulated is suddenly released (like a ). A partial discharge does not completely cross the insulation between the two conductors, only a small portion of it in one area. It may happen under the stress of high voltage. It is caused by a small opening (void) inside the insulating material. The insulating material can be either solid or fluid. The charge passing through this insulation is called electrical breakdown.
River Humber

The **River Humber** is a large deep water estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed by the River Ouse and the River Trent coming together. From here to the North Sea (about 40 miles) it forms part of the border between the East Riding of Yorkshire on the north side and Lincolnshire on the south side. The Humber's only modern crossing is the Humber Bridge. At one time it the longest single-span suspension bridge in the world. Now it is the fifth longest. Before the bridge was built in 1981, paddle steamers were used to cross the mile long span.

## History 
In the middle ages the tides of the Humber kept armies from crossing. At that time it was thought to be an arm of the ocean. The name Northumbria came from Old English *Northanhymbre* meaning "the people north of the Humber".   The Vikings used the Humber and its two tributaries, the Ouse and Trent, with their shallow-draft Longships to raid all over northeastern England.

### Fortresses 
Fort Paull was a Napoleonic era fort built in 1542 to protect the port there. The site dates back to 910 when it was a lookout for Viking raiders. The current fort is designed as a pentagon and was built from 1861–1864. It was disarmed at the beginning of the First World War and replaced by two nearby forts. One was on Sunk Island; the other was at Stallingborough. In 1960 the fort was finally closed down. But in 1964 a group of volunteers took over the fort and made it into a Museum.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Humber Estuary
* Fort Paull Museum
TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2013)

**TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2013)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on December 15, 2013 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. It was the fifth TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs event held by the WWE.

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs 2013 website
Tim Waterstone

**Sir Timothy John Stuart "Tim" Waterstone** (born 30 May 1939 in Glasgow, Scotland) is the founder of Waterstones. Waterstones sells books in 288 stores and on the Waterstones website. There are Waterstones shops in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Belgium and Ireland.

## Career
In 1973, Waterstone started working at W.H. Smith. He was fired in 1981. He started Waterstone's in 1982. The name was later changed to Waterstones.

## References
Yutu (rover)

The **Yutu** or **Jade Rabbit** is a Chinese six wheeled rover vehicle built to travel on the Moon. It landed on the Moon in December 2013, and made its first trip on 14 December 2013. It weighs 120 kg and can travel at a speed of 200 metres per hour. It stopped moving after 42 days and stopped communicating after two years.

The Chinese landing on the Moon was the first soft landing since 1976. It is part of China's Chang'e-3 space program which uses the Long March 3B rocket. The Jade Rabbit carries a range of scientific equipment including a radar system which will be able to examine the ground beneath the surface.

The vehicle's name was picked on an online poll in China. The Jade Rabbit comes from an old Chinese mythology story about the lunar goddess Chang'e, who had a pet rabbit.

## References
Korean Broadcasting System

The **Korean Broadcasting System** (**KBS**; ) is one of the biggest South Korean television networks. It was established in 1927. KBS headquarters are in the Yeouido district of Seoul.

The purposes of KBS can be divided into 3 parts.
#Making good broadcasting culture
#Creating national culture
#Globalization of Korean culture

## History 
KBS started the country's first radio broadcasting service in 1927 as Kyeongseong Broadcasting Corporation (JODK). After liberation, it changed the name to Seoul Central Broadcasting Station in 1947. It launched Korea's first television broadcasting service in 1961.

A system of public broadcasting was established in 1973.  For reinforcement of public management, 1TV and Radio1 have not run a commercial since October 1994. First broadcasting HD programs in 2001, KBS completely changed to digital broadcasting in 2012. There are 18 regional stations and 11 overseas branches. There are eight subsidiary companies such as KBSN, KBS Business and KBS Media, which manage KBS content.

KBS is run by public funds from the South Korean government.

## Channels 
### TV 
* KBS 1TV - Airs current affairs, sports, documentary, news, culture and environment. Since 2012, this channel never goes off the air during the day.
* KBS 2TV - Airs drama, entertainment and programs for children. Comparing to 2TV, it has less regional self-programs.
* KBS WORLD - Airs KBS's famous programs in real time to other countries in the world with a international satellite.
### Radio 
* KBS Radio 1 - News, current affairs, drama, documentary and culture. It also provides disaster broadcasting as the public broadcasting. 
* KBS Radio 2 - Family entertainment.
* KBS Radio 3 - The station of social welfare for a neglected class of people and the disabled.  
* KBS 1FM - Classical music and folk music. It also provide Korean traditional music.
* KBS 2FM - Popular music. 
* KBS Hanminjok Radio - The station for the harmony and exchange between North Korea and South Korea.
* KBS World Radio - International broadcasting station. It introduces diverse aspects of Korea to enhance the global network.
Decomposition

.]]

**Decomposition**, or **rotting**, is what happens to living things when they die. It also happens to organic material of any kind, such as foodstuffs. The reason it happens is that organic molecules are stores of building blocks and energy. Whatever breaks down organic material uses the energy and building blocks to reproduce itself.

One whole kingdom of living things does nothing except break down organic material: the fungi. Their life style is called 'saprophytic', because they break down and intake organic matter through their cell walls.

A large part of decomposition is done by microbes, especially bacteria. Also common is digestion of flesh by maggots. If insects lay eggs, maggots hatch and begin to feed on the body's tissues.

Lastly, decomposition can take place by inorganic processes. All organic materials break down over time because they are in higher energy states than ordinary inorganic materials.
Pope Stephen VII

**Pope Stephen VII** (??? − 15 March 931) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from February 929 until 15 March 931 when he died.

He was elected by Marozia from the Tusculani family, as a stop-gap measure until her own son John was ready. Before being elected, he was the cardinal-priest of St Anastasia in Rome.

He died on 15 March 931 in Rome and was succeeded by Pope John XI.

## References
Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo

**Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo** (25 March 1958 &ndash; 17 March 2020) was a Guinea-Bissauan politician. He was the acting President of Guinea-Bissau from May 2012 to June 2014. His predecessor was Mamadu Ture Kuruma.

Nhamadjo died on 17 March 2020 in Lisbon, Portugal at the age of 61.

## References
Fish processing

**Fish processing** has to do with fish and fish products between the time fish are caught or harvested, and the time the final product is delivered to the customer. It also refers to the time when fish are caught in wild fisheries or harvested from aquaculture or fish farming.

## References
Caffe Bene

**Caffe Bene** is a coffee franchise in South Korea. It was founded in May 2008. The founder and CEO of Caffe Bene is Kim Sun-kwon, who has Italian-themed restaurants named Black Smith and drug stores named "December 24" as well. The head office of Caffe Bene is in *Cheongdam-dong*, *Gangnam-gu*, Seoul. In 2009, Caffe Bene started to gain brand recognition by promoting through the soap opera celebrities such as *Han Ye-seul*, and *Choi Daniel*. The brand’s first-ever overseas store opened in New York in February, 2012, introducing drinks based on Korean traditional beverages such as the *misugaru* latte, a drink made of mixed grain powder. In August, 2013, Caffe Bene grew to over one thousand stores. 

Caffe Bene’s goal is to open 10,000 stores by 2020.

## Differentiated Policy 
Caffe Bene is different from other stores. Inside the stores there is hardwood and a blue color. It tries to make a relaxed atmosphere in European style. It also has outlets for laptop computers at built-in chairs.

## Caffe Bene in Ulaanbaator 
Caffe Bene opened a new store in Ulaanbaator, Mongolia on December 15, 2013. For this, Caffe Bene signed a franchise agreement with a local bakery enterprise named *Monbakery*. It is on the first floor of Max-mall in Ulaanbaator. It covers  and has 42 seats for customers.

In January, 2014, the second store is planned to open in Ulaanbaator.

## Expansion plans 
Caffe Bene plans to open more shops in the United States and China. They have 87 stores in China and plan to have 1,000 by 2014. Caffe Bene is also in other Asian countries including Japan, Cambodia and the Philippines, and the Middle East. Caffe Bene recently signed a partnership with Saudi Arabia-based KEDEN Group to start shops in Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. 

Caffe Bene plans to open 100 shops in the region within five years.
Vinny Griffin

**Vinny Griffin** is a fictional character in the television comedy show *Family Guy*. Vinny replaces Brian after his death in the episode "Life of Brian". In the episode "Christmas Guy", Stewie meets another version of himself and steals his time pad. He goes back in time to save Brian, causing Stewie not to meet Vinny. Vinny has an Italian accent and is kind to the Griffins. He was last seen in "Christmas Guy". He was voiced by Tony Sirico.

## References
Naver

**Naver** is a brand of South Korea’s Internet portal service. 

Naver Corporation stated working since 1999 and it is considered as popular search portal in South Korea, which holds a market share of over 70% since 2011. “Naver” is a combination of the words “navigate” and the suffix, “-er”. It means ‘a human’ who navigate Internet. Also, it is similar to the English “neighbor”. Naver Corporation listed on KOSDAQ (Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) in September 2002 and transferred to KOSPI (Korea Composite Stock Price Index) in November 2008. 

## History 
Naver was launched in June 1999 by the Naver Corporation. In August 2000, Naver serviced the “Comprehensive Search”. In July 2000, Naver Corporation was merged with Hangame which is an online game portal. So they changed their name to NHN. It means “Next Human Network”. They still used the brand name of portal service, which is Naver. In 2002, Naver serviced “Knowledge Search”. This service had a great vogue among Korean Internet users. In 2005, Naver added a blog service. In August 2013, NHN was undergone split off Naver Corporation and NHN Entertainment (formerly ‘Hangame’). Since then, Naver Corporation has managed ‘Naver’.

## Services 
Naver provides not only a search service but also various other services. The popular services are ‘Junior Naver’, which is a portal site aimed at children and ‘Happy Bean’, which is an online donation portal. Also Naver has acquired many Internet service companies. In 2006, Naver acquired a search company ‘1noon’. They acquired ‘me2day’, a micro blog website and ‘Wingbus’, a tour guide website in 2009. Also they established some subsidiary companies. In 2007, they established NHN Japan. It was changed to LINE Corporation in April 2013. Also they established ‘Camp Mobile’, the mobile exclusive affiliated company in March 2013.

## References
## Other websites
*Naver.com
*Junior Naver 
*Happy bean
*Hangame
*Line
*Naver Webtoon
Deira

**Deira** (Brittonic: *Dubro* or *dyfr*) was a kingdom in Northern England. The Anglian people living there were known as the *Dere*. Deira occupied the area that was later called the East Riding of Yorkshire. Deira was one of two early Anglian kingdoms north of the River Humber; the other being Bernicia, their northern neighbor. In the early 7th century they combined to become the kingdom of Northumbria.  

 
## Roman and early Anglian Deira 
In Roman Britain Deira was separated from Bernicia. The two had a broad area between them where no one lived. The Romans had small defensive works in this area to protect the route to Hadrian's Wall. It was a kind of no man's land after the Angles arrived. He conquered the Britons in Deira in 581. Deira was still blocked from northward expansion by Bernicia. To the west they were blocked by the last remaining British kingdom of any size, Elmet. King Athelfrith of Bernicia united the kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia into Northumbria. In 617 Edwin of Deira defeated Elmet and expelled their king, Cerdic.

## Kings of Deira
* Aelle (–
* Athelric (– had several sub-kings who ruled Deira:
** Oswine (643–651)
* Ecgfrith of Northumbria (670–685) Ruled Northumbria.
**Elfwine (670–679)
* Aldfrith (685–704) Ruled Northumbria including Deira

## Notes 
## References
6 World Trade Center

**Six World Trade Center** was an eight-story building in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It was part of the original World Trade Center complex of buildings. It was opened in 1973. It served as the U.S. Customs House for 28 years.

On September 11, 2001, the building was badly damaged from the fall of the North Tower (WTC 1) of the World Trade Center during the 9/11 attacks. The building was demolished later that year.

The new One World Trade Center is built on its site.

## References
## Other websites
*Emporis entry on Six World Trade Center
*Tenants of Six World Trade Center via CNN
SkyTeam

**SkyTeam** is the world's second largest airline alliance. Its headquarters are on the grounds of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol near Amsterdam, Netherlands. SkyTeam was founded or established in 2000 by five airlines, Aeroméxico, Air France, Delta Air Lines, and Korean Air. It was the last of the three major airline alliances to be established after Star Alliance and Oneworld. Though it was the last of three airline alliances to be established it is second only behind Star Alliance by number of passengers and number of member airlines. As of December 2013, SkyTeam is made up of 19 airlines from five continents, and operates with the slogan *"Caring more about you"*.

## Members
Founding member. 

## Past members
*Alitalia 
*Continental Airlines 
*Copa Airlines 
*Northwest Airlines 

## References
## Other websites
*Official website of SkyTeam
Contactor

A **contactor** is an electric device to switch an electric circuit. It is controlled electrically for it to switch on or switch off the circuit. It has a relatively high current rating. The control circuit usually has much lower power level than the switched circuit. 

## Related pages
* Relay
Black start

**Black start** is the process to start up in a power station from zero, without the help of power from the grid connected to the station. 

Usually, a power station uses its own set of electrical generator to start the plant. This is a diesel generator called the **Black start diesel generator** (**BSDG**). This powers up all electrical panels which control the station.