open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
CSS

**CSS** is an abbreviation. It can stand for the following:
* Cascading Style Sheets, a technology to make HTML look better
* The Chinese Space Station, a planned space station in low earth orbit
* Content Scrambling System, a way to make it harder to copy DVDs
* Counter-Strike Source, an online first person shooter game
Avatar

**Avatar**, a word in Hinduism, is a deity which comes down to earth  and takes in another form. Rama was an avatar of Vishnu, one of the three main gods of the Hindus. Similarly, Buddha was also an avatar. Both of these avatars had human form, but avatars of the Hindu mythology have also appeared in animal form. For example: Matsya had the form of a fish and Varaha had the form of a boar.

The word is usually translated into English as "incarnation", but better as "appearance" or "manifestation". This is the sense in which the word 'avatar' is used in various media today.

According to Hindu mythology, the important avatars of god Vishnu are named below:

* Matsya
* Kurma
* Varaha
* Narasimha
* Vamana
* Parashurama
* Rama
* Balarama
* Krishna
* Buddha
* Kalki

Several Hindu scriptures have details and stories about Vishnu's avatars. These texts also tell that Vishnu will appear again as the Kalki avatar. The following stories are of the avatars that appeared in animal forms or partly animal and partly human forms.

Matsya is the first avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a big fish. Sometimes, it is said that he took the form of a half-man and half-fish. There is a story about this in Hindu mythology. The story tells about a very wicked demon (an *asura*) who snatched the Vedas, the holy books of the Hindus, and went deep inside the sea. At this point, Vishnu came as the Matsya (fish) avatar, who went deep into the sea and brought back the Vedas. He gave the Vedas to Manu. The Hindu scriptures say that Manu was the first man in the world. He may also be compared with Noah.

Kurma is the second avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a tortoise. Kurma is a word in the Sanskrit language that means a tortoise. This avatar of Vishnu is a symbol of strength and stability.

Varaha was the third avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a black boar. Varaha is a word in the Sanskrit language that means a boar. The Hindu scriptures tell a story about this avatar. There was a demon (a *daitya*) named Hiranyaksha. He threw the earth (called prithivi by the Hindus) into the waters of the ocean. The earth was about to sink in the ocean. At this point, Vishnu took the form of a black boar, entered the water and carried the earth on its body. Thus Vishnu, as Varaha, saved the earth from destruction.

Narashimha was the fourth avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a man with the head of a lion. This avatar of Vishnu is also a symbol of great strength. This avatar of Vishnu killed the demon king Hiranyakashyap. 

All other avatars of Vishnu after Narashimha avatar were in the form of human beings.

Although the avatars of Vishnu are the most important in the Hindu mythology, there are stories about avatars of other deities, like Shiva, Ganesha and Devi.

Avatar is material appeareance of God in Hinduism.

## References 
## Note 
## Related pages
* Sugata Bhuddha
* Puranass
*
Matt Bellamy

**Matthew James Bellamy** (born 9 June 1978) is an English singer. He is the lead singer of the band Muse. He also plays the electric guitar and the piano. He writes most of the songs. Bellamy is known for his falsetto and the way he plays the guitar, which is very creative. Bellamy sings with a tenor voice when he is not singing in falsetto.

## Background 
Matthew Bellamy was born on 9 June 1978 in Cambridge. He is the son of George Bellamy and Marilyn Bellamy and he has an older brother named Paul. His parents moved with him to Teignmouth in Devon in the mid-1980s.

George Bellamy was also a guitarist and was in a band called "The Tornados", who had a number-one hit in the United States with the song "Telstar". The talent of his father was part of what inspired Matthew to play guitar, sing and form a band. The Muse song "Knights of Cydonia" is sometimes called a tribute to "Telstar", since it has a similar space rock sound and futuristic video featuring cowboys like a spaghetti western. Marylin Bellamy was born in Belfast and went to live in England in the 1970s, meeting George for the first time on the day she did so.

When he was 6 years old, Matthew Bellamy began playing piano, and showed signs of having natural skill with the instrument. Bellamy's parents divorced before he reached fourteen years of age. He moved in with his grandmother, and around this time he considered playing guitar. His talent for quickly learning how to play instruments had made some people call him a virtuoso, which is someone musically talented in a unique way.

Matthew was heavily featured in the TV series "History of the Guitar" where his creativity with the instrument was demonstrated to the full. His father George was introduced on the programme as Matthew's father and was featured performing the hit instrumental "Telstar" with "The Tornados."

## Interests 
Bellamy is fascinated with conspiracy theories. A lot of songs of Muse are about conspiracies. He is also interested in the space and conspiracy theories about extraterrestrial life or *aliens*. 

Matthew shows agnostic views, stating in a 2006 interview with the Rock Music channel that "I believe in the God of the universe, definitely" but does not believe in heaven or hell. It is also possible that Bellamy explores otherworldly theories, such as the origin of mankind from another universe, as reflected in the band's rock symphony, "Exogenesis".
Jean-Philippe Rameau

, 1728]]

**Jean-Philippe Rameau** (born Dijon, September ? 1683; died Paris, 12 September 1764) was a French composer.  He is famous for his music for harpsichord and for his operas.  His most well-known operas are: *Hippolyte et Aricie*, *Castor et Pollux*, and *Dardanus*. He is also known for his one act opera "Pigmalion" which he is said to have composed in 8 days. He is also known as an important music theorist by writing many books on the matter.

## Other websites 
* Jean-Philippe Rameau / Discography
Arthur Sullivan

**Sir Arthur Sullivan** (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer. In his lifetime people thought he was the best British composer, but nowadays his serious works are rarely heard. He worked with an author and poet called W. S. Gilbert, and together they wrote fourteen comic operas. Their names are always mentioned together: "Gilbert and Sullivan". Their operas were very popular a hundred years ago, and most still are. The most popular are *The Mikado*, *H.M.S. Pinafore* and *The Pirates of Penzance*. The two men were very different. They argued sometimes, but they worked together for 25 years, from 1871 to 1896. 

Sullivan's serious works include one grand opera, two dozen orchestral and choral pieces, and many hymns and songs, including "Onward Christian Soldiers" and "The Lost Chord".
Ramen

is a Japanese kind of noodle soup. The noodles are made of wheat. Ramen are typically Japanese, though they originally came from China. Ramen has become very popular in Japan and there are many shops that sell it. The Japanese also make "instant ramen" to eat ramen quickly and easily at home. Outside of Japan, people have also started to eat ramen.

There are various types of thickness, shapes and lengths. The noodle may be thin or thick, straight or wrinkled.

In Japan, there are unique local Ramen in various areas where local tastes are enjoyed. It is called "gotouchi ramen" in Japan. For example, Hakata ramen is known for its pork ramen soup. The noodles are very thin and do not need to be boiled for very long to become soft. Sapporo ramen is known for its miso ramen soup.
Kitakata ramen is known for its Shoyu ramen soup. Shio (salty) ramen is also a popular flavor. These days, Gyokai-tonkotsu ramen is also popular.

## Photo gallery 

Image:Kumamoto ramen.jpg|Kumamoto Ramen
Image:Takayama ramen.jpg|Takayama Ramen

## Other websites
Adolf Frederick of Sweden

**Adolf Frederick**, (14 May 1710 - 12 February 1771), was the King of Sweden between 1751 and 1771.

## References
Peter Paul Rubens

**Pieter Pauwel (Peter Paul) Rubens** (28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a painter.

## Early life
He was born "in the German province of Westfalia, where his [... Calvinist]Flemish family had fled to escape religious persecution in Antwerp. In 1578, they moved to Cologne", according to media; The family moved back to Antwerp in 1589. 

He was good at painting many subjects: portraits, stories from the bible or other books and landscapes. He painted in the Baroque style. Paintings in this style have a lot of action and color. Many of his paintings have a sensual touch. Some of them can be seen as erotic.

## Other information
In 2024, the painting "Crucifixion of Jesus Christ" was authenticated as one of his paintings; Later it was auctioned for [c. 2 million euro or] 2.3 million euros ($2.7 million).

## Other websites 
* Biography of Peter Paul Rubens
Gothenburg

**Gothenburg** () is the second largest Swedish city, after Stockholm. Around 550 000 people live there. The city was founded in 1621 by king Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.

## References
Patna

**Patna** is the capital city of the Indian state of Bihar. About 1.7 million people live in Patna (census 2001). It is a very old city and has a history of at least 2,500 years. It was famous for its educational institutes, which during those days, attracted scholars from all over the world. Gautama Buddha who started Buddhism had also visited this city. Despite being a Hindu majority city Patna also has many Muslims and many Masjids. People in Patna speak Hindi, Bhojpuri, Maithli and Urdu. When founded Patna's old name was *Pataliputra*, and later into *Pataliputra* which was the capital of Magadha Empire, before changing in to the current *Patna*.
Bad Aibling

**Bad Aibling** (Central Bavarian: *Bod Oabling* or *Oawin*) is a town in Bavaria (Germany). It is a former district seat. It is on the river Mangfall about 35 miles southeast of Munich. Bad Aibling is a health resort (peat pulp bath and mineral water).

## History 
 1644)]]
In 804, Bad Aibling was mentioned for the first time. After the second World War Bad Aibling has evolved to a major centre for intelligence organizations and secret services. In 2004 the US American Bad Aibling Echelon station closed after decades of operation. In 2016, ten people were killed in a train crash.

## Number of people 
In the town live about 18,000 people. It is 498 meters above sea level and covers an area of 41.55&nbsp;km².

## Images 

 Image:Bad_aibling_sebastianik.png|St. Sebastian's church
 Image:Bad_aibling_klein_venedig.png|"Klein Venedig" (Little Venice)
 Image:Bad_aibling_glonn.png|Glonn river in downtown
 Image:Klafferer_hofberg.png|View from the "Klafferer" to "Hofberg"
 Image:Bad_aibling_kirchzeile.png|"Kirchzeile" with "Hofberg"
 Image:Bad_aibling_kirchzeile_2.png|Obere Kirchzeile
 Image:Bad_aibling_rosenheimer_str.png|Inner "Rosenheimer Straße"
 Image:Prantshausen.png|The former Prantshausen castle
 Image:Bad Aibling Theresienmonument-1.jpg|Theresienmonument
 Image:Bad_aibling_moorabbau.png|Peat mining in the "Schuhbräu-Filze"
 Image:Bad_aibling_zentralfriedhof.png|Italian style central cemetery
 |ECHELON station front gate
 |ECHELON station from side road

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
* The health and cure administration
Moravia

**Moravia** (Czech and Slovak: *Morava;* German*:* *Mähren*) is a historical region in the eastern part of the Czech Republic that takes its name from the Morava River, which flows from the north to the south of the land. 

Together with Bohemia in the west and Silesia in the north, Moravia was a historical-political region called the Czech Lands. Moravia, Bohemia and a small part of Silesia make up the current Czech Republic.

Important cities in Moravia are Brno, Olomouc, Ostrava and Zlín.

## References
Laurel wreath

A **laurel wreath** is a circular wreath made of interlocking branches and leaves of the bay laurel (*Laurus nobilis*). This is an evergreen whose leaves give off a pleasant scent.

The wreath is traditionally worn on the head. In Greek mythology, the god Apollo is shown wearing a laurel wreath because of the story of Apollo and Daphne. In Ancient Greece, it was given to special people, such as winners in competitions in poetry or sports, such as the Ancient Olympic Games.

It was also used in Ancient Rome, and Roman Emperors are often shown wearing laurel wreaths. In the Summer Olympics 2004 in Athens, Greece gave laurel wreaths to the winners. The saying "resting on one's laurels" comes from this and means that someone relaxes now because he or she did something good in the past.

In some countries, the laurel wreath is used as a symbol of the master's degree. The wreath is given to young masters in the graduation ceremony of the university. The word "Laureate" in 'poet laureate' refers to the laurel wreath.

In modern times, wreaths are used for their decorative quality rather than ceremonial use. Wreaths may be made with flowers such as roses to make them more appealing.
Ranchi

**Ranchi** is the capital city of Jharkhand state of India. About 11,26,720 people lived in Ranchi (census:2011). Two of the oldest and largest psychiatric hospitals of India were located there.  In 1967 it had one of India's first medical colleges. 

## Other websites
## References
BBC One

:

**BBC One** is a television channel in the United Kingdom. It was launched on 2 November 1936, and was the first television channel in the United Kingdom. The channel was Published by BBC. The channel shows lots of different programmes including famous ones such as *Only Fools and Horses* and *EastEnders*. The Channel features a Wide Range Of Covers.

## History 
**BBC Television Service** was the world's first regular public television service with a high level of image resolution.

The channel was later renamed **BBC TV** until the launch of sister channel BBC Two in 1964. After that it was known as **BBC1**, but changed to the current spelling in 1997. The channel has an annual budget of £840 million, and makes an annual profit of £900 million. Along with the BBC's other UK television stations, it is funded completely by the television licence fee - this means it shows no adverts.

On the 8 January 2024, the BBC ended the SDTV feed on satellite services.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Ayodhya

**Ayodhya** (; IAST: '''') is a city on the banks of holy river Saryu in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ayodhya district as well as the Ayodhya division of Uttar Pradesh, India. It shares a municipal corporation with its neighbouring twin city of Faizabad. The Ramayana tells that Raam, a god of Hindus, was born in Ayodhya. Ayodhya is on the bank of the Sarayu River. The city is about five kilometers east of Faizabad, another important city of Uttar Pradesh.

The Ramayana tells that Ayodhya was the capital city of Raam’s kingdom. Raam was a form (an avatar) of Vishnu. Ayodhya is one of the seven most holy cities of Hindus.

Today, Ayodhya is a popular destination for pilgrims and tourists who come to visit the Ram Janmabhoomi temple and other historical sites associated with Lord Rama. The city is also known for its rich cultural heritage and is home to several ancient temples, shrines, and other historical monuments. You can hire a car driver for outstation to explore the culture of lord Ram.

## References
Tulsidas

**Tulsidas** (1497-1623) was an Indian writer whose full name was goswami tulsidas . He wrote many books which are manifestations of Sanatan dharma and Indian ideology. His most famous book is the *Ramcharitmanas*. This book was written in a language called Awadhi, a dialect of Hindi. The book tells the story of Lord Rama and his war and victory over Ravan, the king of Lanka. Rama fought for his wife Sita and brought her back from Lanka to Ayodhya. 

Another book written by Tulsidas is *Kavitavali*.

Tulsidas was born in Sukarketh Rajapur,Present-day in  Uttar Pradesh, in Samvat 1554 or 1497 A.D. He was a Sarayuparina Brahmin by birth and is regarded as an incarnation of Valmiki, the author of the *Ramayana*. His father's name was Atmaram Dubey and his mother's name Hulsi. Tulsidas conceived of god in the form of Rama. Tulsidas's composition 'Ramcharitmanas.' written in Awadhi is important both as an expression of his devotion and as a literary work. His devotion to the literary world is very important. He founded the Sankatmochan Temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman in Varanasi.

There is a belief that Tulsidas was the reincarnation of the sage Valmiki, who wrote the original “**Ramayana**.” Although Tulsidas wrote many popular works, he shared very little about his own life in his writings. Most of what we know about Tulsidas comes from the “**Bhaktamal**,” written by his contemporary Nabhadas, and the “Bhaktirasbodhini,” a commentary on the “**Bhaktamal**” by Priyadas.

Tulsidas ka jivan parichay is rich with his devotion to Lord Rama and his contributions to literature. The poems and verses, known as **Tulsidas ke dohe**, reflect his deep spiritual insights and continue to be cherished by readers.
Advanced Photo System

The **Advanced Photo System (APS)** was a type of camera film that companies started to sell in 1996. It was made to be easier to use than older film. It was also called it **IX240** or by trademarked names like **Advantix**. From 2001 onward, it started to be used less and was no longer being improved by the companies that made it. In 2011, Kodak and Fuji announced they would produce no new APS film cartridges. They were the last two companies to produce this film.

## How it worked 
APS had a new way of changing film in cameras, easier to use than with the old roll film system, so the film could be "dropped in", like how batteries are changed. It allowed for people to change a film, even if the entire film had not been used yet.

When the film was developed, it had an "index print" which showed small copies of every picture. This is similar to the contact sheets used with other film formats. "For each picture, the camera saved special information on the film. This information is called 'metadata'. It included the date, time, and camera settings. This helped the photo lab make better prints. After a picture was taken, the film strip that had the picture on it, called a "negative," would be stored in the original film container. This was different from other types of film, which would store the negatives in a separate area. From one negative, a person could choose three different picture shapes. The photo lab would cut, or crop, the final printed picture to get the shape the photographer wanted. There were three different kinds of images that the photographer could choose from, which were made by cropping the negative. The camera always started with the largest kind, but the finished picture could change depending on which aspect ratio the owner wanted:
* The final print is not as good

One famous type of camera that used this system was the Canon IXUS, which then later changed and became a digital one. Many modern digital cameras use a sensor that is the same size as the APS-C frame.

## Technical details
The film comes in a canister similar to the 135 film cartridge, but smaller. The film is threaded onto the takeup reel automatically by the camera. This reduces the chance of mistakes during film loading, including mistakes that could damage the shutter. In addition to recording the image, the camera also records metadata such as the date and time the photo was taken, the aperture and shutter speed, and the size of the photo. Metadata can be recorded optically next to the picture area, or on a magnetic stripe that is built-into the film. 

All APS film (even black and white film) was developed using the same chemical process (called the C-41 process). After the film was developed, it was put back inside its hard case. This protected the film from dirt and scratches.

## References 
## Other websites
* photo.net  - Reviews and comments on APS
* Photos of disabled APS cameras
Mathura

**Mathura** is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Mathura is a very old city, and one of the seven holy cities of the Hindus. It was an important city of ancient India.

## Other websites 
* More Information about Mathura
Coral reef

of the Great Barrier Reef, off Queensland, Australia.]]

A **coral reef** is a large underwater structure made of dead and living corals. In most healthy reefs, stony corals are predominant. They are built from colonial polyps from the phylum Cnidaria which secrete an exoskeleton of calcium carbonate. The reefs are formed in tropical marine areas (30 degrees north and south of the equator) and between the tropics. The reef acts as the home of many tropical fish and other animals. Coral reefs systems are a major tourism attraction because of their beauty and color of the corals and their many associated animals.  

People look at them while snorkeling and diving. One example of a coral reef is in Malaysia at Pulau Tioman, off the State of Pahang. The most famous is the Great Barrier Reef off the East coast of Australia.

## Formation 
Most present-day coral reefs were formed after the last ice age when melting ice caused the sea level to rise and flood the continental shelves. This means they are less than 10,000 years old. As coral reef communities were established on the shelves, they built reefs that grew upwards, keeping pace with the rise in sea level. Reefs that did not keep pace became *drowned reefs*, covered by so much water that there was insufficient light for further survival.

Coral reefs are also found in the deep sea away from the continental shelves, around oceanic islands and as atolls. The vast majority of these ocean coral islands are volcanic in origin. The few exceptions have tectonic origins where plate movements have lifted the deep ocean floor on the surface.

## Conservation 
Coral reefs are fragile ecosystems. Because corals need warm, sunlit water to live, they often grow close to the top of the water. Being so close to land makes them often be damaged by poisons and dirt that can come from boats and the land nearby. Dirt makes the water cloudier, which makes the sunlight less. Poisons can bleach and kill corals. Also, they are hard for ships to see, but easy to hit, which makes ships often run into the coral, damaging both the boats and coral. Because of this, many countries are trying to lessen the kinds of building that usually happen near beaches that have coral reefs nearby and be more careful about the boats that go around reefs.

File:Brain coral.jpg|Brain coral
File:Staghorn-coral-1.jpg|Staghorn coral
File:Cirripathes sp (Spiral Wire Coral).jpg|Spiral wire coral
File:PillarCoral.jpg|Pillar coral
File:Muchroom coral.JPG|Mushroom coral
File:Meandrina meandrites (Maze Coral).jpg|Maze coral
File:Black coral.jpg|Black coral
File:Fluorescent coral - MBA - DSC07089.JPG|Fluorescent coral.

## References 
## Further reading
*
Titan

**Titan** can mean:
* Titan (mythology), a kind of god in Greek mythology
* Titan (moon), one of Saturn's moons
* Titan (Six Flags Over Texas), a roller coaster at Six Flags Over Texas
* 2023 Titan submersible incident, an implosion of OceanGate's submersible
Light-emitting diode

A **light-emitting diode** (**LED**) is a semiconductor device that produces light from electricity. LEDs last a long time and do not break easily (compared to incandescent lightbulbs). They can produce many different colors. They are efficient - most of the energy turns into light, not heat. 

An LED is a type of diode that makes one color of light when electricity is sent through it in the expected direction (electrically biased in the forward direction). This effect is a kind of electroluminescence. 

The color of the light depends on the chemical composition of the semiconducting material used, and can be near-ultraviolet, visible or infrared.  The color affects how much electricity is used by the LED.  A white LED has either two or three LEDs inside, of different colors. Modern white LEDs used for general-purpose lighting have one single-color LED inside (usually blue but sometimes violet), combined with a phosphor that converts that single color to white.

LEDs are used in many places. Early LEDs could only emit infrared, and were used in optical fiber communication. Later ones were used as red indicator lights on many electronic devices, and in the 1980s they also made other colors. In the 21st century they are used for bright advertising signs, brake lights on cars, in TVs, and more recently, light bulbs for the home. White LEDs bright enough to illuminate rooms are usually more expensive than regular lightbulbs but they last longer and burn less electricity.

LEDs, which make their own light, should not be confused with LCDs, which block light. Some displays, however, mix the two technologies, using LEDs to backlight the LCD.

Today, some LEDs are surface-mount devices (SMD), so they can be very small.

## Types
*Organic light-emitting diode
*Crystal light-emitting diode

## References
*Nikolay Zheludev 2007.  The life and times of the LED – a 100-year history. *Nature Photonics*. **1**, 189–192. http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v1/n4/full/nphoton.2007.34.html.  http://www.orc.soton.ac.uk/fileadmin/downloads/100_years_of_optoelectronics__2_.pdf  is a full-text version.
Magnus II of Sweden

**Magnus II of Sweden,** or ***Magnus Henriksson*** (died 1161) was a Danish lord.  He was King of Sweden between 1160 and 1161. 

His mother was Ingrid Ragvaldsdotter, a granddaughter of Inge I. His father was the Danish lord Henrik Skatelår.

Magnus killed Eric the Saint as he left the church in Uppsala on May 18, 1160. He ruled as king of almost all of Sweden.  Then he was murdered by the men of Charles Sverkerson, the rival king, the year after.
Eric X of Sweden

**Eric X of Sweden** (**Erik Knutsson**, c. 1180 - April 10, 1216) was the King of Sweden between 1208 and 1216.

Erik was the son of King Knut Eriksson of Sweden, but his mother is now unknown. In 1205 he escaped from the Battle of Älgarås, where his three brothers were killed. He stayed for three years with family in Norway. He returned to Sweden in 1208 and defeated Sverker II of Sweden in the battle of Lena. He was married in 1210 to Rikissa of Denmark, the daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sophia of Novgorod.

Eric was elected king, but the coronation took place only in November 1210, after the Battle of Gestilren where he again defeated and killed Sverker II. Sverker had attempted to regain the throne. King Erik's coronation is the earliest known coronation in Sweden. It was carried out by the bishop Valerius, a former supporter of King Sverker II.

In 1216, Pope Innocent III agreed that King Erik was King of Sweden, and also any other pagan lands he captured, probably Finland. Previously, Innocent III had supported Sverker II. Very little is known about King Erik's reign, but it is said that the crops were good while he was king.

Erik had several children: 
# Sofia (died before 24 April 1241), married to Prince Burwin Henry III of Mecklenburg (d. 1277/1278)
# Marianne, Pomeranian princess, also called *Mariana* or *Marina*
# Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden, married Birger Jarl.
# Erik Eriksson, called*Erik the Lisp and the Lame*. He was born in 1216 after his father's death. The Karl Chronicle says that "Erik Lisp and Lame" also had a sister, Martha Farmer. This would have been Erik Knutsson's daughter. Historian Dick Harrison says that this is only political propaganda for Martha's cousin, Karl Knutsson (Bonde). This untrue connection would have made him a relative of the House of Eric.

Erik died of a fever in 1216 at Nas Castle in Visingsö. He is buried in the Varnhems Church. 
 
## References
Westboro Baptist Church

The **Westboro Baptist Church** (**WBC**) is an American unaffiliated Baptist church known for its extreme opinions and protests, especially those against gay people. The church is widely described as a hate group.
## Establishment
It was originally headed by Fred Phelps and consists mostly of members of his large family. In 2011, the church claimed it had about 40 members. The church is in a residential neighborhood on the west side of Topeka about three miles (5&nbsp;km) west of the Kansas State Capitol. Its first public service was held on November 27, 1955.
## Actions
The church has been involved in actions against gay people since at least 1991. This is when it sought a crackdown on homosexual activity at Gage Park six blocks northwest of the church. In addition to conducting anti-gay protests at military funerals, the organization pickets other celebrity funerals and public events that are likely to get it media attention. Protests have also been held against Jews and some protests have included WBC members stomping on the American flag.
## Affiliation
The WBC is not affiliated with any Baptist denomination. The Baptist World Alliance and the Southern Baptist Convention (the two largest Baptist denominations) have each denounced the WBC over the years. The church describes itself as following "Primitive Baptist" and Calvinist principles.

## References
University of Chicago

The **University of Chicago** is a university in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois. It started when the American Baptist Education Society used money from John D. Rockefeller to build it. The university began in 1890. William Rainey Harper was the university's first president in 1891. The first classes were held in 1892.

## Background 
Many people think it is one of the best universities in the world. Its students get a strong liberal arts education. The university also does important research work. Some of this research work is for the United States government.

The university is known for providing good education in economics (the study of the economy), linguistics (the study of language), social science (the study of society), and mathematics (the study of numbers). Physicists at the University of Chicago built the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction. The university spends $472 million on sponsored research each year.

The University of Chicago has had about 90 Nobel Prize winners. (The Nobel Prize is received for using one's intelligence to contribute meaningfully to society.)

## Types of schools 
The university has six graduate professional schools:
* Divinity School
* Chicago Booth School of Business
* Law School
* Pritzker School of Medicine
* Harris School of Public Policy Studies
* School of Social Service Administration.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Official athletics website
* University of Chicago Magazine website
* Archival Photographic Files University of Chicago Library
* Alumnus Arley D. Cathey pledges $17 million
Turkish language

**Turkish** (*Türkçe*) is a language that is officially spoken in Turkey and Cyprus. Turkish is the 18th most-spoken language in the world.

Turkish is a Turkic language. Turkish is most closely related to other Turkic languages, including Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Kazakh. Another theory is that it is one of the many Altaic languages, which also include Japanese, Mongolian, and Korean.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk changed the script to the Latin alphabet from the Arabic alphabet. The Turkish government justified the language reform as making Turkish much easier to learn, which would increase literacy. The literacy rate indeed increased greatly after the reform from around 10.5% in 1927 to over 90% today. Some say that the move was also to distance the country from the Ottoman Empire, whose documents can no longer be read except by a few scholars.

The Latin alphabet was made to reflect the actual sounds of spoken Turkish, rather than simply transcribing the old Ottoman Arabic alphabet into a new form. The Turkish alphabet has 29 letters, seven of which (Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş, and Ü) have been modified with diacritics for the phonetic requirements of the language. It represents the 20th-century Turkish pronunciation with a high degree of accuracy and specificity. It is the current official alphabet and the latest in a series of distinct alphabets used in different eras.

## Sample phrases 
#Merhaba = Hello (formal)
#Selam = Hello
#Nasılsın? = How are you?
#Nasılsınız? = How are you? (formal)
#İyiyim = I'm fine
#Teşekkür ederim = Thank you (formal)
#Teşekkürler = Thanks
#Sağ ol = Thank you
#Benim adım = My name is
#Türkçe bilmiyorum. = I don't speak Turkish.
#İngilizce biliyor musun? = Do you speak English? (informal)
#İngilizce biliyor musunuz? = Do you speak English? (formal)
#Tekrarlar mısınız? = Can you repeat?
#Evet = Yes
#Hayır = No
#Belki = Maybe
#Biraz = A little
#Acıktım. = I'm hungry.
#Dur! = Stop!
#Yapma! = Don't do it!
#İstemiyorum. = I don't want it.
#Tabii = Sure
#Bekledim. = I waited.
#Bana yardım et! = Help me!
#Iyi geceler! = Good night!

## References
Shanghai Fugu Agreement

, a poisonous delicacy]]

The **Shanghai Fugu Agreement** was a successful political prank which was landed on the Social Democrats in the German state of Hesse in 1985.

In 1985 the new Green Party prepared to enter into a German state government for the first time in its history. The first green cabinet minister in German history was going to be Joschka Fischer who later became minister of Foreign Affairs in the German Federal Government under chancellor Gerhard Schroeder. The 1985 Hesse coalition was to be based on an official policy agreement negotiated by both parties.

During a final night session of the negotiations the Greens tabled a demand that Hesse join the "Shanghai Fugu Agreement". This was accepted by their tired Social Democratic counterparts and became official state policy.

The Greens argued that the fugu fish is well known to be a dangerous delicacy requiring specialised chefs who mostly come from Asia.  Due to expanding restrictions on work permits restaurants have found it difficult to employ such specialists. The "Shanghai Fugu Agreement" provides special regulations for certified fugu chefs internationally. 

The agreement was absolutely fictional but was neither discovered to be a joke by the Social Democrats during the nightly negotiations nor later by civil servants or the press who went through the coalition contracts. It took years to be discovered as the joke it was.
Interval

An **interval** is what comes between two things.
*In an mathematical interval those things are usually numbers. 
*In music, an interval (music) is the distance between two notes. 
*In a live performance, an **interval** is like an intermission.  It gives the performers and the audience a break.
*An interval can be the distance between two moments in time.
Washington Capitals

The **Washington Capitals** are an American ice hockey team in Washington, DC. They are a part of the National Hockey League (NHL). They won the Stanley Cup in 2018.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Siren (noisemaker)

A **siren** is a device that is able to produce a loud noise. Sirens can be found on emergency vehicles, like ambulances. They are also installed on buildings, to warn of tornadoes, or air raids.

## Types of Sirens
### Emergency Vehicles
Vehicles used by firefighters (fire truck), police officers (police car) and paramedics/emergency medical technicians (ambulance) are often fitted a siren to warn people that the vehicle is coming and to make a clear path, usually by pulling over. These vehicles often may break some traffic laws when traveling to an emergency. If other vehicles do not stop and make a path, an accident could happen.

### Air raid sirens
In World War II, many nations installed air raid sirens in cities to warn when enemy planes were coming to attack with bombs. After the war ended these sirens were kept ready to sound, in case a new war started, due to the tense relationship between the United States and Soviet Union (USSR) (Now Russia) that existed from 1947 to 1991. As weapons have gotten faster, quieter and harder to spot, the ability to provide warning before a bomb or missile falls has become difficult. A number of countries, including the United States, now use their sirens to warn of severe weather, such as tornadoes, tsunamis; emergencies at dams, chemical plants and nuclear power stations.
Rhea Silvia

]]
**Rhea Silvia** is a woman from Roman mythology.  In the legend about the founding of Rome, is the mother of the twin brothers Romulus and Remus. She was the daughter of Numitor Silvius, king of the city Alba Longa.

According to Plutarch, there are many versions of Rhea Silvia's story, and it is not clear which one is real.  But this is one of the best known and most widely accepted: When Numitor's brother Amulius became king by force, he made Rhea Silvia become a Vestal Virgin, so she would not have children who could be kings instead of him. But the god Mars seduced Rhea Silvia and she had the twins Romulus and Remus. For Vestals, the punishment for having sex was death.  So when people found out she was pregnant, Rhea Silvia was buried alive, which was the punishment for a Vestal Virgin who did not remain a virgin. Her sons were thrown into the Tiber by a servant, but were saved by the river god Tiberinus, who also saved Rhea Silvia and later married her.

The Tiber River that flows through Rome gets its name from Tiberinus.  He married Rhea Silvia while the twins, Romulus and Remus, were raised by a she-wolf. When the babies were a few months old, a cowherd found them and raised them. When they were adults, they decided to build a city together.  But they realized only one of them could be its king.  The two men waited on opposite hills for an omen while their followers watched.  At first, six vultures landed on the hill where Remus was waiting.  The followers believed this would mean the city would last for six hundred years.   But then twelve vultures landed on Romulus' hill and they named the city after him instead.  Shortly afterword, Remus made fun of the city wall Romulus was building.  Either one of Romulus' friends or Romulus himself hit Remus, and he died. The city was named after Romulus, Rome.

## Related pages 
*87 Sylvia

## References
Virginity

(c.1500)]]
**Virginity** means a state of purity or inexperience. Traditionally a **virgin** is a person that has not had sexual intercourse. Virginity has different meanings and importance in different religions and cultures.

The idea that Virgin women have an unbroken hymen is false. The hymen partially blocks the opening of the vagina about two inches deep. When a man inserts his penis into the vagina, this can tear or break the hymen which may result in bleeding. This blood is important in many cultures, as it is a sign that the woman is a virgin. There are other actions that can result in the hymen being worn away. These include riding a horse, playing sports, or other recreational activities. It can also heal over time just like torn human tissue can.

It is possible for a virgin to have a sexually transmitted disease, which was acquired by some other means: such as drug use, blood or plasma transfusions, close skin contact in the pubic area with infected people, oral sex, and other means.

In several polytheistic religions, priestesses of certain gods have to be virgins. In many cultures it is said that women should be virgins until marriage. In some cultures, women who are not virgins until marriage are ostracized or murdered.

In order to guard against loss of virginity, Heterosexuals practice vaginal fisting. In particular heterosexual women incorporate vaginal fisting to protect their virginity from being ended. 

## References
## Related pages
*Chastity
Tethys (mythology)

:*Tethys is not to be confused with / is different from Thetis, the mother of Achilles.*

**Tethys** is a Titan in Greek mythology. She is the titan of fresh water. Her parents are Gaia and Uranos. With her brother Okeanos her children are the river gods, the sea and spring nymphs, the Okeanids.
Iapetos

**Iapetos**, father of man kind and mountains, also known as Iaepetus or Japetus, is a Titan in Greek mythology. He is the son of Uranos and Gaia. With the Oceanid Klymene his children are Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus and Menoitios. 

After the war against the Olympians he was banned to the Tartarus with his brother, Kronos and all of the other Titans.
Kronos

of Cronus devouring one of his children]]

**Kronos** (, *Krónos*; , *Cronus*), is the leader of the Titans in Greek mythology. 

The son of Gaia (Mother Earth) and Ouranos (Father Sky), he was the youngest of his brothers. At the urging of Gaia, Kronos castrated his father with a sickle and overthrew him, ruling the cosmos as king during the so-called Golden Age. Kronos married his sister Rhea, and sired the first generation of the Olympian gods: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus.

In fear of a prophecy that told of him being overthrown by his own children, Kronos swallowed each of them as soon they were born. Only the youngest, Zeus, managed to escape this fate and, after freeing his siblings, waged war against Kronos and the other Titans. During this Titanomachy, the Olympians emerged victorious, and Kronos himself was cast into Tartarus. In some versions, Kronos was later freed by Zeus and became ruler of the Elysian Islands.

## In popular culture 
Kronos appears as the main antagonist in Rick Riordan's *Percy Jackson and the Olympians* series and in some episodes of Stargate SG-1.

## Other websites
Sarajevo

**Sarajevo** is the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has an estimated population of 436,000 people in the urban area including some municipalities from City of East Sarajevo which is the part of Republika Srpska entity. The city has people living in it from many different cultures. It has mosques, synagogues, and churches. The 1984 Winter Olympics were held in Sarajevo. The city is majority Muslim adhering to the Sunni branch of Islam.
 
During the Siege of Sarajevo, parts of the city were destroyed. Most of the city is now recovered and rebuilt. It was also the location of the death of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria in 1914 which triggered World War 1. The city was controlled by Austria-Hungary until 1918 and later by Yugoslavia from 1918 until 1992. The city was occupied by Germany when the Nazis invaded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941 until 1944 when Yugoslav Partisan Leader Tito and Joseph Stalin the Soviet Leader pushed the Nazis out of Yugoslavia in 1944 .

## History 
### First World War 
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo in 1914, a major cause of the First World War. 

### Yugoslav Wars 
During the Siege of Sarajevo, parts of the city were destroyed. Most of the city is now recovered and rebuilt.

## Other websites 
* Official Sarajevo website
* Sarajevo Guide 

## Sources
Oceanid

The **Oceanids** are the daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys in Greek mythology. They are water and ocean nymphs. Also Oceanids can mean all the children of Oceanus and Tethys, which includes the other water and river gods. Among them are:
*Klymene
*Metis
*Pleione
*Styx
Koios

**Coeus** is the Titan of intelligence in Greek mythology. With his sister Phoebe his children are Leto, and Asteria. 

After the war against the Olympians he was banned to the Tartarus.
Okeanid

The **Okeanids** or **Okeanides** () are  the daughters of the Titans Okeanos and Tethys in Greek mythology. They were nymphs of the ocean, said to be three thousand in number. Many people also know these goddesses as lovers. 

Among them are:
* Doris - Wife of Nereus and mother of the Nereids
* Klymene - Wife of Iapetus and mother of Atlas and Prometheus
* Metis - Mother of Athena, she was Zeus' first consort
* Pleione - Mother of the Pleiades
* Styx - The goddess of the dreaded river upon which the gods swore. She was the wife of Pallas and the mother of Nike, goddess of victory.
Erebos

**Erebus** is the god of darkness in Greek mythology. He came out of Chaos. He was also known to be the god fire; and he was that until Hephaestus took his place along with the ability of metal works. He is the twin of Nyx, the Goddess of Night. 

Mount Erebus and a small crater on Mars are named after the Greek God.
Uranos

**Uranos** is the sky in Greek mythology. It is also spelt **Ouranos**, and in Ancient Greek: Οὐρανός - "sky" or "heaven".  
## Overview
Uranos is the son and husband of the primordial goddess Gaia and father of the Titans, Hekatonkheires, and Elder Cyclopes. Uranos was killed by the youngest son (out of the Titans), Kronos with help of four of his brothers: Koios, Krios, Iapetus, and Hyperion.
## Equivalents
His Roman equivalent was Caelus, the husband of Terra, as Gaia was known to the Romans.

## Usage
### Planet
The planet Uranus in our Solar System is named after Uranos, so is the radioactive chemical element uranium.

## Related pages
* Hesiod
* Theogony
* *The Odyssey*
* Ancient Greece
* Classical antiquity
* Roman mythology
Kallisto

**Kallisto** or **Callisto** was a nymph in Greek mythology, a companion of Artemis. Zeus came to her looking like Artemis, and with him she was the mother of Arkas. Hera in her jealousy made Kallisto a bear. Then her son was looked after by Maia, a nymph. 

## References 
## Related pages 
*Callisto (moon)
Semele

**Semele** is a person in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia. She has a child called Dionysus. Her child grows up and becomes a god.
## Story 
Semele was a priestess of Zeus. On one day, Zeus saw her as she killed a bull at his altar. She swam in the river Asopus to wash the blood off her body. Zeus turned himself into an eagle and flew over the place where she was bathing. Zeus saw Semele and fell in love with her. He visited her many times, in secret.
Zeus' wife, Hera got jealous of the girls Zeus loved. She found out of his love with Semele. Semele became pregnant. Hera turned herself into an old woman. Hera became friends with Semele. Semele told her that her lover was Zeus. Hera pretended not to believe her. She made Semele wonder if her lover was lying about being Zeus. Semele asked Zeus to grant her a wish. Zeus promised on the River Styx to give her anything she wanted. She then told Zeus to come to her in his truest form. Zeus asked her not to ask this. But she did not change her choice. Zeus tried to spare her by showing her the smallest of his thunderbolts. Humans cannot look upon the gods without being burned, so Semele died, getting burned in a lightning fire. 

Zeus rescued Semele's unborn child, Dionysus. He sewed the fetal Dionysus into his thigh. Dionysus grew there until he was ready to be born. This is why Greeks called Dionysus "the twice-born."

When he grew up, Dionysus rescued his mother from underworld. Later, she became a goddess on Mount Olympus. She got a new name Thyone. She lived being inspired by her son Dionysus. At a later point in the epic poem *Dionysiaca* that tells the story, Semele, now reborn, boasts about her son to her sister Ino.

## Music 
* Élisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre, *Sémélé*, cantata (1715) EJG 37
* Nikolaus Strungk, *Semele,* opera (1681)
* John Eccles, *Semele,* opera (1706)
* Marin Marais, *Sémélé*, tragédie en musique (1709)
* Francesco Mancini, *Sémélé,* opera (1711)
* Antonio de Literes, *Jupiter et* *Sémélé,* opera (1718)
* André Cardinal Destouches, *Sémélé,* cantata (1719)
* Georg Friedrich Haendel, *Semele*, oratorio (1743)
* Michel Paul Guy de Chabanon, *Sémélé,* opera
* Paul Dukas, *Sémélé,* cantata (1889)

## References
Hyperion (Titan)

**Hyperion** (, *Hyperíōn* - "The High-One") is the Titan god of light, son of Gaia and Ouranos. The eldest of his brothers next to Okeanos, Hyperion ruled over the eastern corner of the world, which was given to him as a reward for his part in Ouranos’ castration (he held Ouranos by his left foot). By his sister, the Titaness Theia, he is the father of Helios (Sun), Selene (Moon), and Eos (Dawn). He also married a nymph and gave birth to children who could do pharmica one of which was Circe. Hyperion fought against the Olympians in the Titanomachy, after which he was cast into Tartarus alongside his brothers. 

John Keats used the story for his epic poem *Hyperion*.