open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Natalie Cole

**Natalie Marie Cole** (February 6, 1950 &ndash; December 31, 2015), better known as simply **Natalie Cole**, was an American singer and songwriter. She was a daughter of Nat King Cole and Maria Cole and a niece of Freddy Cole. She became successful during the mid to late 1970s as an R&B musician. After a period of low musical sales due to heavy drug addiction, she reemerged as a pop artist in 1987. During the 1990s, Cole won multiple Grammy Awards. She also appeared in many TV programs.

## Death 
Cole died in Los Angeles, California on December 31, 2015 from congestive heart failure caused by heart disease. She was buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.  She was 65. Her son, Robert Adam Yancy (born October 14, 1977), died from coronary artery disease on August 14, 2017 at age of 39. He was buried next to her.

## Filmography
* *Yakety Yak, Take it Back* (1991) ... Herself
* ''Cats Don't Dance'' (1997) ... Sawyer Cat (Singing) (voice)

## References
## Other websites 
*
Sexual harassment

: in the tavern (1833) - Sexual harassment is common in some jobs, such as being a waitress. ]]
**Sexual harassment** is bullying, coercing or making threats of sexual natures toward other people. The behavior is not appropriate and in some circumstances it is illegal. Ranges of behavior go from seemingly minor annoyances to actual sexual abuse, psychological abuse or assault. For most businesses, the prevention of sexual harassment and defending employees and others from sexual harassment has become a key goal for legal decision-making.

The phrase appeared in print in a 1972 issue of *The Globe and Mail* newspaper published in Toronto.  The term 'sexual harassment' was also used in 1973 in a report by Mary Rowe called ''Saturn's Rings''.

A 2011 study found that 48% of the 1,965 students surveyed had been sexually harassed. 9% reported the harassment to an adult who worked at school. Girls were more likely to be sexually harassed than boys. Girls are more likely to say that sexual harassment has affected them in a bad way.

## References
## Other page
*Me Too movement
*Violence against men
*Violence against women
Andretti Autosport

**Andretti Autosport** is an American car racing team that races in the IZOD IndyCar Series. They have won many series titles, the last one with Ryan Hunter-Reay in 2007. They were called Andretti Green Racing until 2010. It is owned by Mario Andretti and his son Michael Andretti. Their 2011 drivers were:

* Danica Patrick the first woman to win an IndyCar race. She is being replaced for 2012 and will move to NASCAR. she drove the #7 car sponsored by domain name provider GoDaddy.com. Patrick was supposed to be replaced by Dan Wheldon but he was killed in an accident before his first race with the team.

* Marco Andretti the son of the team owner who won the 2011 Iowa Corn Indy 200. He drives the #26 car sponsored by Dr. Pepper and Venom Energy Drink.

* Mike Conway is a British driver that joined the team for 2011. He won the Long Beach Grand Prix. Conway drives the #27 Buffalo Wild Wings car. The team replaced him with James Hinchcliffe for 2012.

* Ryan Hunter Reay also drives for the team, which he joined in 2010. His car is No. 28 and is sponsored by Sun Drop and DHL. He won the 2012 IndyCar Series championship.

Currently, their drivers for 2014 are Marco Andretti, Kurt Busch, James Hinchcliffe, Ryan Hunter-Reay, and Carlos Muñoz.

## References
SV Wacker Burghausen

The **SV Wacker Burghausen** is a professional football club from Burghausen, Bavaria. Burghausen plays in the 3rd German league. The club is part of the SV Wacker Burghausen, a sports club with 24 different sports.
## History
The club was founded in 1930 for the workers in the Wacker Chemie, a chemical factory which was founded in 1914. The firm is still main sponsor of the club.

During its history the club promoted up to the Second Bundesliga, where thy played from 2002/03 till 2006/07. 2007/08 they were 7th in the Regionalliga and qualified for the new 3.Liga.  It finished the 2008–09 season in 18th place, on a relegation rank but was saved from having to step down to the Regionalliga by the withdrawal from the league of Kickers Emden for financial reasons.The next season the  club finished in 18th place,on a relegation rank but was again saved from having step down to the Regionalliga by the financial problems of Rot Weiss Ahlen.
## Squad
*As of 20 May 2011*

## Managers
Recent managers of the club:

## References
## Other websites 
*Official Homepage-football
Irish Parliamentary Party

The **Irish Parliamentary Party** was a nationalist political party in Ireland. The Party wanted Ireland to be able to govern itself, instead of being governed by the United Kingdom. The Party was created in the nineteenth century by Isaac Butt. Its most famous leader was Charles Stewart Parnell. 

In 1886, the Party helped convince British Prime Minister, William Gladstone, to announce a Home Rule bill. The bill would make Ireland leave the United Kingdom. Ireland would become a British colony which could govern itself. Ireland would have its own parliament, instead of having representatives in the British Parliament.  The bill did not get passed. 

Other Home rule bills were presented later on. They were different from the original because they would have kept Ireland's representation in the British Parliament (instead of giving Ireland its own parliament). None of these bills succeeded. One was passed in 1914, but it was canceled because of the First World War. Another was enacted in 1920, but it failed because of Irish rebellion. It was replaced by an independent Irish Free State, which included most of the island. A Home Ruled Northern Ireland was also created in six counties of Ulster that stayed in the United Kingdom.
## References
Scotiabank Arena

**Scotiabank Arena** is a multi-purpose arena in Toronto. It is the home of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL), as well as the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

## References
Miloš Krasić

**Miloš Krasić** (born 1 November 1984) is a Serbian professional football winger.  He plays for Fenerbahçe SK and the Serbian national team.

Fenerbahçe completed the transfer of Krasić for €7 million on 3 August, 2012. Krasić signed a four-year contract worth €2.3 million per-season.

Krasić has been an important part of Serbia and Montenegro under-21 squad on the last two European U-21 championships, as well as at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

## Career statistics 
## References
Canada Life Centre

**Canada Life Centre**, originally known as **True North Centre** and later as **MTS Centre** and **Bell MTS Place**, is a sports arena in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The arena opened on November 16, 2004, and is the current home to the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was originally known as True North Centre during planning but naming rights were bought by Manitoba Telecom Services (MTS). After Bell Canada purchased MTS in spring 2017, the arena was renamed effective that May 30. The most recent name change was on July 15, 2021, when insurance and financial services company Canada Life entered into a 10-year naming rights agreement with True North Sports & Entertainment, which owns both the Jets and the arena.

The arena has been home to the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League (AHL), the Jets' top minor-league team, two different times. The team first played there from 2004 to 2011 before moving to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, and then returned to Winnipeg in 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum

The **Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum** is a sports arena in Uniondale, New York. The arena opened on February 11, 1972. It was the home to the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1972 until 2015 and again from 2018 until 2021. The arena is commonly known as **Nassau Coliseum** or **The Coliseum**. The arena was also notable for hosting the first part of the World Wrestling Federation's WrestleMania 2 in 1986. In addition, it has also hosted WWE's SummerSlam in August 2002, The Great American Bash in July 2008, and WWE Fatal 4-Way on June 20, 2010. It also hosted All Elite Wrestling (AEW)'s pay-per-view Worlds End in 2023. The arena was also the home of the New York Nets from 1972 to 1977.

The Islanders moved to the Barclays Center in Brooklyn after their lease of the Coliseum expired at the end of the 2014-2015 season. When the Islanders moved, the Coliseum would not have a permanent tenant after 2015 and leaves the future of the Coliseum in doubt. The Islanders decided to return and split half of the 2018–19 NHL season between the Barclays Center and Nassau Coliseum. They would continue to split games between arena the next season until returning to play the remainder of games at the Coliseum until their new arena, the UBS Arena was built.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Helena Blavatsky

**Helena Petrovna Blavatsky** (12 August 1831 – 8 May 1891) was a Russian born occultist. At the age of 17 she married a Russian nobleman, Nikifvor Blavatsky, but soon d.

In 1875, Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott established a research and publishing institute called the Theosophical Society. Blavatsky defined Theosophy as "the archaic Wisdom-Religion, the esoteric doctrine once known in every ancient country having claims to civilization". One of the main purposes of the Theosophical Society was "to form a nucleus of the Universal Brotherhood of Humanity, without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or color". Madame Blavatsky saw herself as a missionary of this ancient knowledge. She travelled the world and wrote books about the occult including *Isis Unveiled* and *The Secret Doctrine*.

The Theosophical Society had an influence on Buddhist modernism and Hindu reform movements, and the spread of those modernised versions in the west.  Blavatsky was important in the Western transmission and revival of Theravada Buddhism.

## References
Scotiabank Saddledome

The **Scotiabank Saddledome** is a sports arena in Calgary, Alberta. The arena opened on October 15, 1983, and is the current home to the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL), Calgary Hitmen of the Western Hockey League (WHL), Calgary Wranglers of the American Hockey League (AHL) and Calgary Roughnecks of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The arena was also known as the **Olympic Saddledome** from 1983 to 1996, the **Canadian Airlines Saddledome** from 1996 to 2000 and the **Pengrowth Saddledome** from 2000 to 2010. Scotiabank currently has naming rights on the arena. The arena has a seating capacity of 19,289 people.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Peter Soulsby

**Sir Peter Alfred Soulsby** (born 27 December 1948) is the elected Mayor of Leicester.
, the first and current directly elected mayor of Leicester]]
Picabo Street

**Picabo Street** (born April 3, 1971) in Idaho. She is a retired alpine ski racer who won gold medals at 1998 Winter Olympics and downhill at the 1996 World Championships. She also won silver medals at 1994 Winter Olympics and won World Cup downhill titles in 1995 and 1996, making her the first American woman to do so.

## References
Garageland

"**Garageland**" is a song by English punk rock band The Clash, featured on their first album, *The Clash*.

## Writing
Upon The Clash's appearance at the Sex Pistols 'Screen on the Green' concert, NME critic Charles Shaar Murray said:

"*The Clash are the kind of garage band who should be returned to the garage immediately, preferably with the engine running, which would undoubtedly be more of a loss to their friends and families than to either rock or roll.*"

The Clash responded immediately by writing the song 'Garageland'.  The opening verses are: "*Back in the garage with my bullshit detector* / ''Carbon monoxide makes sure it's effective*", followed by the chorus: "*We're a garage band* / *We come from garageland*", and concluding with "*Back in the garage*".

Yet, only two years later, Murray was describing the band as "*the greatest rock band in the world''" in the same paper.

## References
Lenovo Center

**Lenovo Center** is a sports arena in Raleigh, North Carolina. The arena opened on October 29, 1999, and is the current home to the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL) and North Carolina State University Wolfpack men's basketball. The arena was originally known as **Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena** until RBC Bank, the U.S. division of the Royal Bank of Canada, acquired naming rights for 20 years, which cost a reported $80 million. The name then changed to **RBC Center**. The arena was also host to many WWE events such as SummerSlam in 2000 and No Mercy in 2006. In 2011, the Royal Bank of Canada sold RBC Bank to PNC Financial Services, and the arena's name was officially changed to PNC Arena on March 15, 2012.

On September 12, 2024, the arena changed its name to the **Lenovo Center** after the naming rights were sold to Chinese technology company Lenovo for ten years.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Kris Kross

**Kris Kross** was an Atlanta-based hip hop duo. Its members were Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly and Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith. Their most notable song was "Jump" in 1992. The duo also had other hits including "Warm it Up". They were noted for wearing their clothes backwards. 

Their following albums did not do as well. The duo ended around 1998.

Member Chris Kelly was found unresponsive in his Atlanta home and was pronounced dead on May 1, 2013.

## References
Stratovolcano

(Argentina)]]
, an active
 stratovolcano in Japan that last erupted in 1707–08]]
, an active stratovolcano in Papua New Guinea]]

A **stratovolcano** is a tall, conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes have a steep slope and explosive eruptions every now and then.

## References
StG 44

The **StG 44** (Sturmgewehr 44; Assault Rifle 44), known as the world's first assault rifle. Is a gun produced in Nazi Germany during the World War II, replacing the MP-40. Hitler first did not approve of this new class of weapons, so it was called MP-43 and MP-44, meaning Machine Pistol in English. The first service on the Eastern Front was successful, so more were manufactured.

## References
Robert Fliess

**Robert Fliess** (1895-1970) was a psychoanalyst. His father was Wilhelm Fliess, who worked with Sigmund Freud. Robert Fliess wote several books, including *Erogeneity and Libido*.
Manly Hall

**Manly Palmer Hall** (March 18, 1901 – August 29, 1990) was a Canadian-born author, lecturer, astrologer and mystic. He wrote many books, including *The Lost Keys of Freemasonry* and *The Secret Teachings of All Ages*. Hall started the Philosophical Research Society in Los Angeles in 1934.
Arlen Specter

**Arlen Specter** (born February 12, 1930 &ndash; October 14, 2012) was an US Senator from Pennsylvania.  He had 30 years in the Senate. He changed to the Democratic Party in 2009.

He ran for the Republican nomination for President in 1996.

Specter was born on February 12, 1930 in Wichita, Kansas. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania.  He was with the United States Air Force during the Korean War. Specter later graduated from Yale Law School. He was married to Joan Specter. They had two children.

Specter died on October 14, 2012 from non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 82.

## References
Pope Adrian IV

**Adrian IV** (; c. 1100 – 1 September 1159), born **Nicholas Breakspear** or **Breakspeare**, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.

Breakspear was an English priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 170th Pope.

## Life 
Breakspear was born near St. Albans in Hertfordshire in England. His father was Robert, who later became a monk at St Albans Abbey. Nicholas himself, however, was not yet to attend the monastery.  He was told by the Abbot to 'wait to go on with his schooling so that he might be considered more suitable' (Abbey chronicles). He did not wait and went instead to Paris.  He finally became a canon regular of the cloister of St. Rufus monastery near Arles. He rose to be Prior and soon was unanimously elected Abbot.

In 1146, Breakspear was made Bishop of Albano. Pope Eugene III raised Breakspear to the rank of Cardinal in the same year, 1146. The Senate (City Council of Rome) then exiled Arnold.

Pope Adrian was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

## References
 of the popes ]]

## Other websites
* 
* Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
* Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Cardinal Breakspear
Jim Jeffords

**James Merrill "Jim" Jeffords** (May 11, 1934 &ndash; August 18, 2014) was an American politician. He was a United States Senator from Vermont. He was senator from January 3, 1989 through January 3, 2007. Before being senator, Jeffords was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Vermont.

He was elected as a Republican. In 2001 he left the party to become a Independent. That gave control of the Senate to the Democratic Party.

Jeffords died on August 18, 2014 from Alzheimer's disease at Knollwood, a military retirement facility in Washington, D.C.. He had lived there for eight years. He was 80 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*NNDB
*The Political Graveyard
*govtrack.us 
*
Ground state

**Ground state** is the lowest level of energy in a particle, atom or molecule. If energy is added from outside, then the level of energy is increased, and the ground state is changed. Changing **ground state** is the process of excitement of electrons to higher levels. Any other state is called an "excited state." In ground state, an atom is stable, and does not give out electromagnetic radiation. When an electron drops down from an excited state to the ground state, electromagnetic radiation is released.

## References
Winter Wonderland

**"Winter Wonderland"** is a winter oriented song often played during the Christmas holiday season. The song was created around 1934 via Felix Bernard and Richard B. Smith. The lyrics for *Winter Wonderland* talk about Parson Brown in the first bridge and a circus clown later in the song. This winter based song has been recorded by over 150 musicians, including though not limited to The Andrews Sisters, Amy Grant, Anne Murray and Johnny Mathis throughout the years.
Pope Pius X

**Pope Pius X** (; , 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914), born **Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto**, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 258th Pope from 1903 to 1914.   He is a saint of the Catholic Church, well known as being strongly against members of the Catholic Church trying to make it follow modern ideas, a movement called modernism.

## Early life
Giuseppe Sarto was born in 1835 in Riese in the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.  He studied at the University of Padua.

## Priest
Sarto was ordained as a priest on 18 September 1858.

Despite all of these, Pius X was known for his reforms on the Catholic liturgy. This led to the publication of a new code in 1917 under his successor, Pope Benedict XV.

## Saint
In 1951, he was beatified, which is a step in the process of naming a saint of the Catholic Church.

In 1954, he was canonized as a saint.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
## Other websites 
*
* Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Pius X
*Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Cardinal Sarto 
* Museo San Pio X
*Fondazione Giuseppe Sarto
O Holy Night

**"O Holy Night"** is a Christmas oriented song. It was created to celebrate the renovation of the church organ in the town of Roquemaure, France. Placide Cappeau, a French wine merchant and poet, wrote a poem in 1843. He called it *Minuit, chrétiens* ("Midnight, Christians"). The poem reflects the birth of Jesus and tells about the redemption of mankind. The music was made by Adolphe Adam around 1847. Notable singers of the song include, although are not limited to, Mariah Carey, Celine Dion and others.
Pope Pius VIII

**Pope Pius VIII** (; 20 November 1761 – 30 November 1830), born **Francesco Saverio Castiglioni** was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 254th Pope from 1829 and 1830.

## Early life
He was born in Cingoli near Ancona.

## Bishop
In 1800, Pius VII named Castiglioni to be Bishop of Montalto.

## Cardinal
Pius VII made Castiglioni a cardinal in 1816. Cardinal Catiglioni was made Bishop of Frascati in 1822.

## Pope
Cardinal Castiglioni was elected Pope 1829; and his reign lasted only 20 months.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Pius VIII
* Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Cardinal Castiglioni
Dancing Queen

**"Dancing Queen"** is a 1975 song by the Swedish pop group ABBA. It was released as a single in autumn 1976, but recorded in 1975. It is commonly known as one of many successful songs in the 1970s. It is a signature song for ABBA. It was written by Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus and Stig Anderson.

It became ABBA's only number one hit in the United States, and was at the top of the charts in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, West Germany and Rhodesia.

In 2015, "Dancing Queen" was honored into the Recording Academy's Grammy Hall of Fame.

## References
Li (Confucian)

**Li** (禮 pinyin: Lǐ) is a classical Chinese word used in Confucian and post-Confucian Chinese philosophy. The English meaning is "the way things should be done." 

In Li one must be aware of the way one should act and function within a society. In Li one can best cultivate their character by understanding what it entails. Li encompasses most importantly the Doctrine of the Mean, and the Five Constant Relationships.

The Doctrine of the Mean is the way in which one should make decisions in life, in which the best decision is always the middle between unworkable extremes. Taking the middle road as Confucius said would guide one to the way things should be done.

The Five Constant Relationships outline how one should act in society, being the relationships between parent and child, husband and wife, elder sibling and junior sibling, elder friend and junior friend, and ruler and subject. With these constant relationship guidelines, Li sets up a hierarchy between the two people and terms the accepted responses and actions between them.

#A parent is to be loving, a child obedient.
#An elder sibling is to be gentle, and younger siblings respectful.
#Husbands are to be good and fair, and wives understanding.
#Older friends are to be considerate, younger friends reverential.
#Rulers should be benevolent, and subjects loyal.

## References
* Ames, Roger T., Rosemont Jr., Henry (Translators). "Analects of Confucius." Ballantine Books:1998
* Brash, Graham. "The Sayings of Confucius." Graham Brash (Pte.) Ltd Singapore: 1988
* Confucius.  "The Li Ji" Shandong Frienship Press: 2000
* Lau, D.C. (Translator). ``Confucius: The Analects.`` The Chinese University Press:1 992 
* Nylan, Michael.`(Article) ``Li`` from ``The Encyclopedia of Confucianism`` RoutledgeCurzon: 2003
* Qiuming, Zuo (Commentary) "Selections from Spring and Autumn Annals." Shandong Frienship Press: 2000
* Henry Rosemont, Jr. Lecture, Brown University, 2005
* Twitchett, Denis and Wright, Arthur F. "Confucian Personalities." Stanford University Press: 1962 
* Watson, Burton (Translator). "Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hsun Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu." Columbia University Press:1 963
RMS Lusitania

]]
The '*RMS *Lusitania'''* was a British Ocean Liner. Built in 1907, the ship is best known for being sunk by Germany. 

Many believe the Lusitania was carrying ammunition to British troops when it was torpedoed by a German U-Boat (U-20) early on 7 May 1915 during World War I. 

More than a thousand people were on board, including 128 Americans. They were killed when the ship sank. At first President Woodrow Wilson only asked the German government to apologize and compensate the families of the victims. 

Two years later, this and other events led to the United States joining World War I on the Allied side. 

## References
## Other websites
* Lusitania Myths
*https://www.rmslusitania.info/controversies/conspiracy-or-foul-up/
*Lusitania deadly cargo
*Captain Turner of the Lusitania
* The Home Port of RMS *Lusitania* – Lusitania.net
* RMSLusitania.info
* RMS *Lusitania'' on the wrecksite
* British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
Here Comes Santa Claus

"**Here Comes Santa Claus**" is an American Christmas song recorded by Gene Autry. It was recorded in 1947 and 1953 on Columbia Records, both through Autry. Elvis Presley covered this song during 1957. Other musicians who recorded Here Comes Santa Claus include Doris Day, The Andrews Sisters and the Ray Conniff Singers.

## References
Pope Gregory

**Pope Gregory** may mean:
* Pope Gregory I (590-604), also called Gregory the Great
* Pope Gregory II (715-731)
* Pope Gregory III (731-741)
* Pope Gregory IV (827-844)
* Pope Gregory V (996-999)
* Pope Gregory VI (1045-1046)
*: Antipope Gregory VI
* Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085), Hildebrand
* Pope Gregory VIII (1187)
*: Antipope Gregory VIII
* Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241)
* Pope Gregory X (1271-1276)
* Pope Gregory XI (1370-1378)
* Pope Gregory XII (1406-1415)
* Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585), known for the Gregorian calendar
* Pope Gregory XIV (1590-1591)
* Pope Gregory XV (1621-1623)
* Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1846)
Crown of Ireland Act 1542

The **Crown of Ireland Act 1542** (33 Henry 8&nbsp;c.1) was an act passed by the Irish Parliament during the reign of Henry VIII, King of England and Lord of Ireland that elevated the island from a lordship to the status of a kingdom.

## References
Dita von Teese

**Dita von Teese** (born **Heather Renée Sweet** on September 28, 1972) is an American burlesque performer, actress, model, and singer.

Von Teese was married to rock musician Marilyn Manson from 2005 to 2007. She has no children.

## Other websites 
*
Khedive

**Khedive** is a ruler. The word means the same as viceroy. It is an official who runs a country, colony, province, or city, as the representative of the monarch of the territory.

Khedive was the title of Egyptian rulers from 1867 to 1914. It was given to the Turkish ruler of Egypt by the Ottoman Sultan, and removed by the British Empire when the Ottomans joined Germany in World War I.

The title was first used by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian officer who seized power in Egypt as *Wali* (Governor). He ruled under the nominal overlordship of the Turks. His family was not recognized by the Sultan until the reign of his grandson Ismail Pasha. The last Khedive of Egypt was Abbas II. The dynasty of Muhammad Ali continued to rule Egypt, though under British 'guidance'. This ended with the Egyptian revolution of 1952. The last member of the family who ruled was King Farouk I.
Irish Parliament

The **Irish Parliament** () was a legislature created in 1297 to represent the Anglo-Irish in the English monarch's Lordship of Ireland. Like the Parliament of England, it had its own Houses of Commons and House of Lords. When King Henry VIII of England elevated Ireland to a kingdom in 1541 through an act of the Irish Parliament, he invited the Gaelic Irish to sit in the England Parliament for the first time. However, later English monarchs' penal laws prevented Roman Catholics from entering Parliament. So, the native Irish after this were virtually unrepresented since they were almost all Catholic.

The Irish Parliament's power was restricted by "Poynings law". Poynings Law was a bill sponsored by English Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir Edward Poynings in 1494. In 1782, the bill was repealed and the kingdom of Ireland had brief period of legislative autonomy. But in 1800 it passed a law called the Act of Union to abolish itself and the kingdom of Ireland, and incorporate Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. After that, the island was represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom in the Palace of Westminster.
## Further reading
* E.M. Johnston-Liik 2002. *The History of the Irish Parliament 1692-1800: Commons, Constituencies and Statutes* Ulster Historical Foundation.
Hans Eysenck

**Hans Eysenck** (1916–1997) was an acclaimed German psychiatrist. He was a behaviorist and a leading opponent of Freudianism. He wrote many books, including attacking Freud called *Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire* in 1985. He also wrote *Causes and Cures of Criminality*.

## References
Gene Autry

**Orvon Grover Autry** (September 29, 1907 – October 2, 1998), better known as **Gene Autry** was an American movie actor and a singer. He was born in Tioga, Texas. He was also owner of a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles. His is best known for the song "Back in the Saddle Again" but he also performed many Christmas songs.

Autry died of lymphoma in Studio City, Los Angeles, California.

## References 
## Related pages 
*List of country musicians from Texas
## Other websites 
*
Lamborghini Reventón

The **Lamborghini Reventón** is a supercar. Lamborghini built it in 2007. The Reventón is based on the Murciélago. The styling of the Reventón was based on the F-22 Raptor. Only 20 Reventóns were built.

## History 
Lamborghini first showed the Reventón to the publics at the 12,908 Frankfurt Auto Show. Like many others Lamborghinis, the Reventón was named after a fighting bull. The Reventón was based on the Lamborghini Murciélago, and used the same engine as the Murciélago LP640.

## Engine and transmission 
The Reventón uses the same  Lamborghini V12 engine as the Murciélago LP640. The Reventón’s engine is also paired to the same six-speed automated manual transmission as the Murciélago LP640. The Reventón, like the Murciélago, sends its power to all four wheels through an all-wheel drive system.

### Performance 
The Reventón’s engine makes  at 8,000 rpm. It also makes  of torque at 6,000 rpm. The Reventón can  from 0- in 3.4 seconds. It can also reach a top speed of .

The Reventón Roadster used the engine from the Murciélago LP 670–4 SV. This engine had 30 more horsepower than the standard Reventón.

The Reventón Roadster has a lower top speed than the Reventón. The Roadster’s top speed is . The Roadster’s 0- time is 3.45 seconds, which is the same as the standard Reventón.

## References
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

**Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease** (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), and chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), is a collection of obstructive pulmonary diseases which make breathing gradually more difficult.

Symptoms of COPD include breathing problems and cough, in particular coughing up lots of phlegm. It is usually caused by smoking cigarettes, and around half of people who smoke for their whole lives will develop COPD. Air pollution can be another cause, particularly in countries where indoor fires are used without ventilation.

At the beginning of the disease, the difficulty breathing is only noticeable when exercising, but over many years it gradually becomes worse, until there is difficulty breathing even when sitting or lying down. It can also lead to infections of the lung, which may be serious enough to cause death. 

The most important step in preventing COPD or its progression into a worse illness is to stop smoking. Exercise and medications can also help. The most commonly used medications are called bronchodilators, which help to open up the airways and allow more air into the lungs. Patients with COPD should be screened for mental depression or low mood. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the third most common cause of death globally in 2019. It is thought that more people will die from it in the future.

## Related pages 
* Types of COPD (Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis)
* Asthma 

## References
Michael O'Dwyer

'''Michael Francis O'Dwyer''', KCIE, (April 1864 – 13 March 1940) was a British colonial administrator. He was an Irish Roman Catholic. He was Lieutenant Governor of Punjab during the Amritsar Massacre committed by General Dyer and was controversial for his defense of Dyer.
Pope Benedict

**Pope Benedict** may mean:
*Pope Benedict I (575–579)
*Pope Benedict II (684–685)
*Pope Benedict III (855–858)
*Pope Benedict IV (900–903)
*Pope Benedict V (964)
*Pope Benedict VI (972–974)
*Pope Benedict VII (974–983)
*Pope Benedict VIII (1012–1024)
*Pope Benedict IX (1032–1044, 1045–1046 & 1047–1048)
*:Antipope Benedict X
*Pope Benedict XI (1303–1304)
*Pope Benedict XII (1334–1342)
*Pope Benedict XIII (1724–1730)
*:Antipope Benedict XIII
*Pope Benedict XIV (1740–1758)
*:Antipope Benedict XIV
*Pope Benedict XV (1914–1922)
*Pope Benedict XVI (2005–2013)
Migrant Workers Convention

**International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families** is a treaty of the United Nations for the rights of all migrant workers. It also protects their families. It was adopted in 18 December 1990. It went into force in 2003.

This Convention is made as a series of the international human rights law and at the "Preamble" of the Convention, they recall the conventions of the International Labour Organization about migrant workers and unfree labour. The aid of the Convention is to protect the rights of migrant workers who have not the nationality of the staying country, thus who can often be under the worse working condition or even the victims of human trafficking. 

But as of December 2024, only 60 countries have ratified, that is admitted formally the Convention. Most of those countries are in North Africa and South America. No migrant-receiving State in Western Europe or North America has ratified the Convention. Other important receiving countries, such as Australia, Arab states of the Persian Gulf, India and South Africa have not ratified the Convention either.

But this Convention is recalled by the Preamble of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

## Related pages
*Immigration
*Migrant worker
*International Labour Organization
*International human rights law

## Other websites 
*Convention on the Rights of All Migrant Workers (full text)
Northlands Coliseum

The **Northlands Coliseum** is a sports arena in Edmonton, Alberta. The arena opened on November 10, 1974, and is the former home to the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Edmonton Oil Kings of the Western Hockey League (WHL) and the Edmonton Rush of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The arena was originally known as **Northlands Coliseum** from 1974 to 1995, **Edmonton Coliseum** from 1995 to 1998 and the **Skyreach Centre** from 1998 to 2003, and **Rexall Place** from 2003 until 2016. The arena returned to the Northlands Coliseum name after Rexall's rights ran out. The arena has hosted the Commonwealth Games in 1978 as well as WWE's Backlash pay-per-view in 2004.

The 2015–16 season was the last for the Oilers at Rexall Place. In 2014, construction started on a new arena for the Oilers in downtown Edmonton. The new arena would be known as Rogers Place and opened in the 2016–17 season.

The arena is expected to be demolished in 2025. 

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Pope Adrian

**Pope Adrian** may mean

*Pope Adrian I (772-795)
*Pope Adrian II (767–872)
*Pope Adrian III (884-885)
*Pope Adrian IV (1154–1159), English pope
*Pope Adrian V (1276)
*Pope Adrian VI (1522–1523), Dutch pope
Pope Benedict XI

**Pope Benedict XI** (; 1240–7 July 1304), born **Nicholas Boccasini**, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 195th Pope from 1303 to 1304.

## Early life
Boccasini was born in Treviso.

## Dominican monk
In 1254, Boccasini became a Dominican friar at the age of 14.

## Cardinal
Pope Boniface VIII raised Boccasini to the rank of cardinal. and he chose to be called Benedict XI. He was pope for only eight months.

Benedict was a supporter of the Ultamontane policies of Pope Boniface VIII.

In a conciliatory gesture, Benedict released the King of France from excommunication.

Pope Benedict died suddenly at Perugiain July 1304.

## Beatification
Benedict XI was beatified in 1773.

## Select works
Benedict XI was the author of a volume of sermons and commentaries on the Gospel of Matthew, on the Psalms, the Book of Job, and John's Apocalypse*.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
## Other websites
* 
* "St. Benedict XI., Pope and Confessor", *Butler's Lives of the Saints''
* Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Benedict XI
* Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Cardinal Boccasini
Church of Ireland

The **Church of Ireland** () is the Anglican church in Ireland. It is an independent member of the Anglican communion. During the kingdom of Ireland it was the state religion. It continued to be during the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, when it became part of the Church of England. It was disestablished and separated from the Church of England in 1871 by the British Parliament.

The seat of the Church of Ireland is at Saint Patrick's Cathedral in Armagh. Today the Church has roughly 390,000 members throughout Ireland, which makes it the second largest religious community in Ireland (after the Catholic Church) and the third largest in Northern Ireland (after the Catholic Church and the Presbyterian Church in Ireland).

## References
America's Most Wanted

'''''America's Most Wanted''''' is an American television program about wanted criminals that airs on Lifetime. The program is about catching people wanted for catching serious crimes. It aired on Fox from its debut until Fox canceled it on June 18, 2011. Six months later, Lifetime brought the show back.  The creator and host is John Walsh.

On May 2, 2008, the program's website said it made its 1,000th capture.
Herbal

'', Byzantium, 15th century.]]

A **herbal** is a collection of plant descriptions: Very often, it also lists the properties of each plant, or its use, for example for medicine or alchemy. A herebal can also classify the plants it describes. One of the oldest known herbals is the Vienna Dioscurides dating from the 6th century. Physicians and Apothecaries were the main users of such books. Herbals were also important for the study of botany. Hieronymus Bock descrived the plants of southwestern Germany, in his 16th century herbal; he was the first to mention certain morphological features. 

## Related pages
*Herbarium or Herbar - a collection of plant specimens
Lindsay Wagner

**Lindsay Wagner** (b. June 22, 1949 near Los Angeles) is an Emmy Award winning television and movie actress. She is best known as the main character in the television series *The Bionic Woman*. She has done many other programs and movies since then.

## Other websites
*
Connie Francis

**Connie Francis** (born **Concetta Rosa Maria Franconero**; December 12, 1937 – July 16, 2025) was an American pop singer. She was well known for her trademark sobbing styles. She was popular during the 1950s and 1960s and was at the top of the *Billboard* Hot 100 musical charts many times.

She became the first woman to reach No. 1 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart when "Everybody's Somebody's Fool" topped the chart in 1960. Before her death, her 1962 song "Pretty Little Baby" went viral on social media such as on TikTok. She was hospitalized before while recovering from a fractured hip. By the time of her death, Francis had become one of the best-selling music artists in history, with career record sales going over 100 million.

## Related pages
*List of country musicians from New Jersey

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Official Site 
* The Work of Claus Ogerman , a pictorial discography showing albums and singles, along with studio photos and complete liner notes which document Francis' work in the 1960s with this arranger/conductor
* Baltimore Net Radio—Features a one-hour weekly internet radio program streaming world-wide, devoted to the music of Connie Francis: "A Visit with Connie Francis" Thursdays from 3:00–4:00&nbsp;p.m. NYT, with rebroadcasts as per the program schedule
Willard Boyle

**Willard Sterling Boyle**, CC (August 19, 1924– May 7, 2011) was a Canadian physicist and co-inventor of the charge-coupled device.  On October 6, 2009, he won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit—the CCD sensor".

## Life
Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, he was the son of a medical doctor and moved to Quebec with his father and mother Beatrice when he was three. He was home schooled by his mother until age fourteen, when he attended Montreal's Lower Canada College to complete his secondary education.

## Career
After receiving his doctorate, Boyle spent one year at Canada's Radiation Laboratory and two years teaching physics at the Royal Military College of Canada. He also helped invent a semiconductor injection laser.

Boyle was Executive Director of Research for Bell Labs from 1975 until his retirement in 1979. In retirement, he split his time between Halifax and Wallace, Nova Scotia Boyle died in Wallace from kidney disease.

## References
## Other websites
*Nobel Prize information
*Obituary
Baku Metro

**Baku Metro** (), is an electrified metro railway system which is a part of the public transportation system of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. It was opened on 6 November 1967.

At that time, Azerbaijan was part of the Soviet Union until the end of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Baku Metro has the features found in most other ex-Soviet metro systems. These include very deep metro stations, and detailed decorations that blend traditional Azerbaijani national designs with Soviet ideology. The metro system has three lines and has 40.3 kilometers of double railway tracks with 27 stations, which, apart from two stations, are underground. It is run by the *Bakı Metropoliteni*. In 2015, it carried 222.0 million passengers, which means an average ridership of approximately 608,200 passengers each day.

## Expansion plans 
At present, there are several projects, only two of which are under construction. In 2011, the Chief Executive of the Baku Metro, Taghi Ahmadov, announced plans to construct 70 new stations by 2040. These will serve the new bus complex as well as Heydar Aliyev International Airport.

## Network 
### Lines
### Timeline
### Renaming of stations
## Related pages
* List of Baku metro stations
* Rapid transit

## References
## Other websites 
* Official website   
* Baku Metro Track Map 
* Urbanrail - Baku Metro
* Information 
* More information 
* Baku Public Transportation
Blossom (TV series)

***Blossom*** was an American television situation comedy that aired on NBC from January 1991 to May 1995. The main stars were Mayim Bialik and Joey Lawrence. Bialik played Blossom Russo, a teenage girl living with her father and two brothers after her mother left to pursue her own career.

## References
Mayim Bialik

**Mayim Bialik** (born December 12, 1975 in San Diego) is an American actress and neuroscientist. Her most notable television series are NBC's *Blossom* and CBS' *The Big Bang Theory*. In *Blossom*, Bialik played a teenage girl living with her father. In *The Big Bang Theory*, she plays Amy Farrah Fowler. Bialik has also acted in a number of movies, including *Beaches* in 1988. many voices of TV shows include, The Powerpuff Girls in Season 9, Recess, Johnny Bravo, Nutri Ventures, Jonny Quest, Star Vs. The Forces of Evil, Lloyd In Space, etc.  In 2021, she was a guest host on *Jeopardy!* after the death of Alex Trebek.  After Mike Richards resigned as host, Bialik split hosting duties with Ken Jennings for the remainder of the 2021-22 season. Bialik and Jennings were both named permanent Jeopardy! hosts in 2022.  However, Bialik was let go in 2023 while Jennings became the sole host.

## Personal life
Bialik is Jewish. She married Michael Stone on August 31, 2003. The couple have two sons, and divorced in May 2013.

## Education
Bialik obtained a PhD in neuroscience from UCLA.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
*
Mia Farrow

**Mia Farrow** (born **Maria de Lourdes Villiers Farrow**; February 9, 1945) is an American singer, actress and humanitarian worker. She has won many awards, including a Golden Globe. She has been in almost 50 movies. Farrow is also known for her extensive humanitarian work. *Time* magazine named Farrow one of the most influential people in the world. She gained further recognition for her subsequent short-lived marriage to Frank Sinatra. She later married André Previn after she became pregnant with his child. She has dated Woody Allen.

## Career
Farrow's first main role in a movie was as Rosemary Woodhouse in ''Rosemary's Baby* and starred in the television series *Peyton Place*. It was released in 1968. She won several awards for it. She became the first American actress to join the Royal Shakespeare Company. In the 1980s and early 1990s Farrow acted in nearly all of the movies released by her boyfriend Woody Allen. She last acted in the 2011 movie *Dark Horse''.

## Personal life
Farrow married singer Frank Sinatra on July 19, 1966. He divorced Farrow in 1969. 

In 1980 Farrow started dating Woody Allen. In 1992 Farrow found naked pictures of her adopted daughter Soon-Yi Previn in Allen's house. Farrow and Allen broke up after this.

### Children
She has thirteen living children and nine grandchildren. Two of her daughters have died. Farrow has seven adopted children.

In 2014, Dylan Farrow wrote an open letter in the *New York Times*, saying that her adoptive father Woody Allen had sexually abused her when she was a child. Allen wrote a response in which he quoted Moses Farrow, “My mother drummed it into me to hate my father for tearing apart the family and sexually molesting my sister."

## References
Dennis Ritchie

**Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie** (September 9, 1941October 12, 2011), was an American computer scientist who "helped shape the digital era."  He created the C programming language and, with long-time colleague Ken Thompson, the UNIX operating system.  Ritchie and Thompson received the Turing Award from the ACM in 1983, the Hamming Medal from the IEEE in 1990 and the National Medal of Technology from President Clinton in 1999.  Ritchie was the head of Lucent Technologies System Software Research Department when he retired in 2007.  He was the 'R' in K&R C.

## References
## Other websites
*Dennis Ritchie's home page at Bell Labs 
**Biography 
**Bibliography 
* Williamson, Marcus, "Obituary: Dennis Ritchie: Computer software pioneer", *The Independent* (UK), Monday, 17 October 2011
* "Obituary"*The Economist* (UK), 20 October 2011
*Transcript of an interview with Dennis Ritchie&nbsp;– Interview by Michael S. Mahoney
*Interview with Dennis M. Ritchie – By Manuel Benet (published in LinuxFocus.org in July 1999)
*"The C Family of Languages: Interview with Dennis Ritchie, Bjarne Stroustrup, and James Gosling" -  article in Java Report, 5(7), July 2000 and C++ Report, 12(7), July/August 2000
*- "The Guru" - article in Linux Magazine, June 2001 
*Unix.se DMR interview published February 7. 2003 
*Ritchie and Thompson Receive National Medal of Technology from President Clinton 
**The future according to Dennis Ritchie* – LinuxWorld.com 12/4/00 
*The Limbo Programming Language by Dennis M. Ritchie
*Dennis Ritchie's video interview June 2011
* 
*
Bell Centre

The **Bell Centre** () is a sports arena in Montreal, Quebec. The arena opened on March 16, 1996, and is the current home to the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was originally known as **Molson Centre** () from 1996 to 2002. Bell Canada currently has naming rights for the arena.

The arena has also held several WWE events, which includes the Survivor Series in 1997, where the infamous Montreal Screwjob between Bret Hart, Vince McMahon and Shawn Michaels took place, as well as other pay-per-views including No Way Out in 2003 and Breaking Point. All Elite Wrestling (AEW) have also hosted episodes of their weekly television shows *Dynamite*, *Rampage*, *Collision* on December 5 and 6, 2023.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Cheetos

**Cheetos** is a snack brand food consisted of cheese curls made through Frito-Lay. The product has been sold using different mascots. This was made by Elmer Doolin in 1948.

## References