open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
The Other Sister

***The Other Sister*** is a 1999 romantic comedy movie. It stars Diane Keaton, Juliette Lewis and Tom Skerritt. The story is about intellectual disability-related issues and over-protection by parents. It received mostly negative reviews, though it took in close to $28 million at the box office. This romantic comedy was filmed in Long Beach, Pasadena, and San Francisco, California and released in February 1999.

## Cast
* Juliette Lewis as Carla Tate
* Diane Keaton as Elizabeth Tate
* Tom Skerritt as Dr. Radley Tate
* Giovanni Ribisi as Daniel "Danny" McMann
* Poppy Montgomery as Caroline Tate
* Sarah Paulson as Heather Tate
* Linda Thorson as Drew Evanson
* Joe Flanigan as Jeff Reed
* Juliet Mills as Winnie the Housekeeper
* Tracy Reiner as Michelle
* Hector Elizondo as Ernie

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Feeling Minnesota

***Feeling Minnesota*** is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama crime movie starring Cameron Diaz, Dan Aykroyd and Courtney Love. It was released in the USA on September 13, 1996, and is about confusion and problems in romance decisions.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Human Connectome Project

The **Human Connectome Project** is a US-led effort to map the human brain. The HCP is a five-year project funded by the National Institutes of Health.On September 15, 2010, the NIH announced that it would award two grants: $30 million over five years to a consortium led by Washington University in Saint Louis and the University of Minnesota, and $8.5 million over three years to a consortium led by Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of California Los Angeles. The aim of the $40m programme is to map the entire human neural wiring system by scanning the brains of 1,200 Americans. The project uses magnetic resonance imaging.

Like the Human Genome Project, the data will be publicly released to scientists as the scans are processed. The first data from 80 to100 people will be released in a few weeks' time.

Scientists at Massachusetts General Hospital are pushing the technique to its limits with a purpose-built scanner. It is one of the most powerful scanners in the world. The scanner's magnets need 22MW (megawatts) of electricity  enough to power a nuclear submarine. It was specially built for this project "4 to 8 times as powerful as conventional systems, enabling imaging of human neuroanatomy with much greater sensitivity than is currently possible".

## References
Her Majesty's Ship

**HMS** is an acronym (contraction) of '''Her Majesty's Ship'''. It refers to ships of the Royal Navy. It is the official prefix of Royal Navy ship names since 1789. Versions of HMS are used in those Commonwealth countries where the British monarch is still the head of state. So, for example, HMNZS is the prefix for the Royal New Zealand Navy.

There are some similar designations. RMS designates a ship which officially transports mail for the United Kingdom. Other countries with monarchs use the same kind of system, and almost all countries have a prefix system for their ships.

## References
Lobatus gigas

***Lobatus gigas***, commonly known as the queen conch, is a species of large edible sea snail, as a marine gastropod mollusc in the family of true conches, the Strombidae. This species is one of the largest molluscs native to the tropical northwestern Atlantic, from Bermuda to Brazil, reaching up to 35.2 centimetres (13.9&nbsp;inches) in shell length.

## Description
The shell is characterized by its large size, solidity and sculptured design with large thorns. The mouth is large, calloused, has great lip colors white, pink, yellow and orange. Sifonales Channels, anal and notch estromboide are wide and well marked.

## Distribution
*Lobatus gigas* is native to the tropical Western Atlantic coasts of North and Central America. It lives in the greater Caribbean tropical zone.

Aruba, of the Netherlands Antilles; Barbados; all of the islands and cays of the Bahamas; Belize; Bermuda; North and northeastern regions of Brazil (though this is contested by some authors); Old Providence Island in Colombia; Costa Rica; the Dominican Republic; Panama; Swan Islands in Honduras; Jamaica; Martinique; Alacran Reef, Campeche, Cayos Arcas and Quintana Roo, in Mexico; Puerto Rico; Saint Barthélemy; Mustique and Grenada in the Grenadines; Pinar del Río, North Havana Province, North Matanzas, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba and Guantánamo, in the Turks and Caicos Islands and Cuba; South Carolina, Florida, including East Florida, West Florida, the Florida Keys and the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, in the United States; Carabobo, Falcon, Gulf of Venezuela, Las Aves archipelago,  Los Roques archipelago, Los Testigos Islands and Sucre in Venezuela; St. Croix in the Virgin Islands.

## Habitat
He located between 0 and 18 m depth, but most often in soils carbonatites and seagrass beds.

## Common names
Common names include "queen conch" and "pink conch" in English, *caracol rosa* and *caracol rosado* in Mexico, *caracol de pala*, *cobo*, *botuto* and *guarura* in Venezuela, *caracol reina*, *lambí* in the Dominican Republic, and  *carrucho* in Puerto Rico.

## References
## Other websites
* World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS): Lobatus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 564730
Mindy McCready

**Mindy McCready** (November 30, 1975 – February 17, 2013) was an American country music singer. Malinda Gayle McCready was given birth to in Fort Myers, Florida. She shot herself dead in Heber Springs, Arkansas.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Ten Thousand Angels* (1996)
* ''If I Don't Stay the Night* (1997)
* *I'm Not So Tough* (1999)
* *Mindy McCready* (2002)
* *I'm Still Here'' (2010)

## References
Laurie Bird

**Laurie Bird** (September 26, 1953 &ndash; June 15, 1979) was an American film actress and photographer. She acted in only three movies. Her most well-known was the 1977 movie *Annie Hall*. 

Bird died from a Valium overdose in New York City at age 25.

## Notes
Dorian Gray (actress)

**Maria Luisa Mangini** (February 2, 1928 &ndash; February 16, 2011) was an Italian actress that mostly acted in movies. She is more commonly known by the stage name **Dorian Gray**. She was one of the Italian theater's most famous actresses. In the 1950s and 1960s, she devoted herself to the cinema. Mainly she played the role of the femme fatale. However, she proved to be a talented actress interpreting also a dramatic role in Michelangelo Antonioni's *Il grido* with great critical acclaim. In 1957, at the top of her popularity, she also took part in the Oscar-winning movie *The Nights of Cabiria*. She retired from acting in 1965, after becoming pregnant with her son. In 2011, she committed suicide by shooting herself, fourteen days after her 83rd birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Carole Landis

* (1941)]]
**Carole Landis** (January 1, 1919 – July 5, 1948) was an American actress. She acted mostly in movies. Her movies include *Fly Away Baby* and *Broadway Melody of 1938''. She was born in Fairchild, Wisconsin. Landis later committed suicide by overdose of drugs.

## References
Rachel Roberts

**Rachel Roberts** (September 20, 1927 – November 26, 1980) was a Welsh actress who starred in many movies and stage acts. She became well known for her fervour and strong passion. She starred in the 1953 movie *Valley of Song*. While in Los Angeles, Roberts committed suicide at age 53 with barbiturates and alcohol.

## Other websites 
*
Leslie Phillips

**Leslie Samuel Phillips**  (20 April 1924 – 7 November 2022) was a British actor. He was born in Tottenham, Middlesex and moved to Chingford when he was nine.

## Career
He appeared in the *Carry On* and *Doctor in the House* movie series as well as the long-running BBC radio comedy series *The Navy Lark*. 

In his later career, Phillips took on dramatic parts including a BAFTA-nominated role alongside Peter O'Toole in *Venus* (2006). 

Phillips was known for being the voice of the Sorting Hat in three of the *Harry Potter* movies.

## Death
Phillips died in his sleep after long-illness on 7 November 2022 at his home in London, aged 98.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Lucy Gordon

**Lucy Gordon** (22 May 1980 – 20 May 2009) was an English movie actress and model who worked for CoverGirl 1997. She starred in *The Four Feathers* and *Spider-Man 3*. Gordon died in Paris, France by hanging herself in her flat.
Saint Finbarr

**Saint Finbarr** (550-623) was an Irish bishop of Cork. The Church of Ireland cathedral in Cork is named after him.

## Other websites
*Catholic encyclopaedia entry for Finbarr
ENAC Alumni

**ENAC Alumni** (previously known as **INGENAC**) is an alumni association based in Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées. It was started by Robert Aladenyse, in 1987. The main mission of the association is to gather the alumni of the French Civil Aviation University. In 2025, its membership surpassed 30,000 members. It is a non-profit organization.

## History 
When the French Civil Aviation University was created in 1949, its first goal was to train people of the Directorate General for Civil Aviation. At the beginning of the 1970s, the university started to train professionals for the aerospace engineering industry. Robert Aladenyse (1931-2003, graduated in 1964) decided in 1987 to create a non-profit organization for alumni called INGENAC. In the 2000s, the development in France of Master's degree and *Mastères Spécialisés* courses encouraged the association to support and represent these new alumni.

On 1 Janunary 2010, ENAC became the biggest aeronautical university in Europe. Because of this, INGENAC decided to rename itself ENAC Alumni and gather graduates of all the degrees of the French Civil Aviation University (including the ''Techniciens aéronautique d'exploitation*, the *Techniciens supérieur de l'aviation*, the Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnels and the *Ingénieurs des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile*). It has been done in March 2012.

ENAC Alumni is part of the *Conférence des Grandes Écoles*.

## Meetings
ENAC Alumni is a partner of the yearly meeting Airexpo and the *Salon du livre aéronautique''.

It has several groups were members can meet and do projects and activities together. This includes over 50 chapters (local groups), think tanks (groups in which members do research and analyses), and also corporate groups (groups of fellow alumni within the same firm or organization).

## Board members
Méziane Idjerouidène was one of the board members of the association.
Marc Houalla is the current President.

## References
## More reading
* Official website
Steel Dragon 2000

The **Steel Dragon 2000** is a steel roller coaster at Nagashima Spa Land amusement park in Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is the longest roller coaster in the world.

## Design 
Steel Dragon 2000 is the tallest coaster to use a traditional chain lift. Because of the length of the lift hill, two chains are used—one for the bottom half and one for the top half. A single chain would have been too long, heavy and very slow, at least twice the weight of a single train. Special brakes allow two trains to be on the lift at the same time.

The building of Steel Dragon 2000 required much more steel than other coasters for earthquake protection. This put the cost of the coaster at over $50 million.

## References
Saint David's Day

'''Saint David's Day''' is the feast (celebration) day of Saint David. He is the patron saint of Wales. His feast day falls on the 1st of March each year. The day is celebrated by the people of Wales and people of Welsh background throughout the world. The first day of March was chosen in memory of the death of Saint David. It is believed that he died on that day in 589. The date was declared a national day of celebration within Wales in the 18th century.

Everyone in the National Assembly for Wales voted to make St. David's Day a public holiday in 2000. A poll conducted for Saint David's Day in 2006 found that 87% of people in Wales wanted it to be a bank holiday, with 65% prepared to sacrifice a different bank holiday to ensure this. A petition in 2007 to make St. David's Day a bank holiday was rejected by the office of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair.

Parades are held in Wales on St. David's Day. The largest parade is held in Cardiff. It is formally attended by either the British Monarch or the Prince of Wales. Parades are a mixture of folklore and military parade. On 1 March 2010, the seventh National St. David's Day Parade took place in Cardiff city centre. Celebrations included concerts, a parade and a food festival featuring all Welsh produce. 

## References
Idempotence

**Idempotence** is a property that an operation in mathematics or computer science may have. It roughly means that the operation can be carried out again and again without changing the result.

The word idempotence was made by Benjamin Peirce because he saw the concept when studying algebra.

The meaning is different if we are talking about different kinds of operations. It can also be used to describe elements than an operation can take:

* For a unary operation (or function), that we label *f*, we say that *f* is idempotent if for any *x* in the domain of *f* it is true that: *f(f(x)) = f(x)*. For example, the absolute value: *abs(abs(x)) = abs(x)*.

We say that an element *c* in the domain of *f* is an idempotent element if *f(f(c)) = f(c)*. This means that *f* is idempotent if every element of its domain is an idempotent element.

* For a binary operation, that we label ***, we say that *** is idempotent if for any *x* which the binary operation can take the following is true: *x * x = x*.

We say that an element *c* which *** can take is an idempotent element for *** if *c * c = c*. For example, the number *1* is an idempotent element for multiplication because *1* times *1* is *1*.

## Examples in the real world 
If a call button inside an elevator is pressed then the elevator will go to the floor that is on the button. If it is pressed again then it will do the same thing. This means that the operation of pressing a button to make the elevator change floors is an idempotent operation.

If we mix two pots which have the same liquid in them into a new pot then we will have the same liquid in that pot. If we only care about *what* kind of liquid is in the pot (not how much) then mixing liquids is an idempotent binary operation.

The face of a clock looks the same if 12 hours have passed. So for the operation of "letting time pass on a clock" we see that letting 12 hours pass is an idempotent element (this is also true for all multiples of 12 like 24, 36, 48, ...).
Dusty Hill

**Joseph Michael "Dusty" Hill** (May 19, 1949 &ndash; July 28, 2021) was an American musician and singer for in the rock band *ZZ Top*. He had also made many voice guest appearance such as in *King of the Hill* and has been in movies such as *Back to the Future III*.

Hill was born on May 19, 1949 in Dallas, Texas. He studied at Woodrow Wilson High School. In 2002, Hill married Charleen McCrory. 

Hill died in his sleep on July 28, 2021 in Houston, Texas at the age of 72. Before his death, he suffered a hip injury.

## References
## Other websites
*
William Fichtner

**William Edward "Will" Fichtner, Jr.** (born November 27, 1956) is an American actor. He was known for his roles in *Prison Break*, *Armageddon*, *Heat*, *The Perfect Storm*, and in *The Dark Knight*.

## Early life
Fichtner was born on November 27, 1956 in Mitchel Air Force Base, New York. He is of German ancestry. He was raised in Cheektowaga, New York.

Fichtner studied at Maryvale High School, at the Farmingdale State College and at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He was married to Betsy Aidem until they divorced in 1998. They had one child. He has been married to Kymberly Kalil since 1998. They have one child.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* William Fichtner at the official Contact movie website
* Random Roles at the Onion A.V. Club
* Fichtner Firsthand  Yahoo Group
Billy Gibbons

**William Frederick "Billy" Gibbons** (born December 16, 1949) is an American musician, actor, and car customizer. He is known for being in the rock band *ZZ Top*.

Gibbons was born on December 16, 1949 in Houston, Texas. He has been married to Gilligan Stillwater since 2005.

## Discography
### ZZ Top 
;Studio albums
# ''ZZ Top's First Album* (January 16, 1971)
# *Rio Grande Mud* (April 4, 1972)
# *Tres Hombres* (July 26, 1973)
# *Fandango!* (April 18, 1975)
# *Tejas* (November 29, 1976)
# *Deguello* (November 8, 1979)
# *El Loco* (July 20, 1981)
# *Eliminator* (March 23, 1983)
# *Afterburner* (October 28, 1985)
# *Recycler* (October 16, 1990)
# *Antenna* (January 18, 1994)
# *Rhythmeen* (September 17, 1996)
# *XXX* (September 28, 1999)
# *Mescalero* (September 9, 2003)
# *La Futura* (September 11, 2012)
# *TBA'' (2015)

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Official Billy Gibbons website
*ZZ Top Official website
WrestleMania XXX

**WrestleMania XXX** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event  made by WWE. It was held on April 6, 2014 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was the thirtieth WrestleMania event held by the WWE and the first to also stream on the WWE Network.

The main event saw Daniel Bryan defeat both Randy Orton and Batista in a triple threat match to win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. Bryan won the show's opening match against Triple H to get a spot in the main event. WrestleMania XXX also saw Brock Lesnar defeat The Undertaker and break his 23-year undefeated streak at WrestleMania. 

## Background
At the *Royal Rumble* on January 26, 2014, Batista won the 30-man Royal Rumble match and secured his spot to headline WrestleMania XXX against whomever was the WWE World Heavyweight Champion after *Elimination Chamber*. Randy Orton kept his title in the match.  At the same time, Daniel Bryan, who had a feud against Triple H since SummerSlam, was screwed from winning the championship multiple times by Triple H and his stable, the Authority. Bryan then wanted a match against Triple H at WrestleMania, and "occupied" WWE's flagship TV show *Raw*, leading to Triple H accepting the match. He then announced that the winner of that match would be added to the main event championship match, therefore making it a Triple Threat match.''*

On February 21, it was announced by the WWE that Hulk Hogan was returning to the company and was going to host WrestleMania XXX.

On February 24, Brock Lesnar returned along with Paul Heyman and appeared on *Raw''. They complained about not being in the title match at WrestleMania. To appease them, Triple H handed them a contract which gave Lesnar a match with anybody at WrestleMania as long as it wasn't Orton or Batista. Lesnar and Heyman didn't like this open challenge and tried to leave because they thought that nobody would be would not be a big enough challenge. Before they could leave, The Undertaker returned and stared Lesnar down. Undertaker looked at the WrestleMania sign and Lesnar signed the contract. Lesnar poked the pen against Undertaker's chest for him to sign and Undertaker stabbed the pen through Lesnar's hand as well as chokeslamming Lesnar through the table afterwards.

## Matches
1The other competitors in the match were: Aksana, Alicia Fox, Brie Bella, Cameron, Emma, Eva Marie, Layla, Naomi, Natalya, Nikki Bella, Rosa Mendes, Summer Rae and Tamina.

### WWE Tag Team Championship Fatal 4-Way 
### André the Giant Memorial Battle royal 
## References 
## Other websites
*
Greta Scacchi

**Greta Scacchi** (born 18 February 1960) is an Italian-Australian actress. She acts mostly in movies, although sometimes in television programs. She starred in lots of movies, which include *White Mischief* and *Presumed Innocent*. She has acted in many other movies as well.

Scacchi was born **Greta Scacchi** in Milan to an English mother and Italian father. Since 1995, she is an Australian citizen, and is still an Italian citizen.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Iris Chang

**Iris Shun-Ru Chang** (March 28, 1968 – November 9, 2004) was an American writer and journalist. She wrote several best-selling books. Her books included *Thread of the Silkworm*, *The Rape of Nanking* and *The Chinese of America*. She was born in Princeton, New Jersey. She was raised in Illinois.

Chang spent her last years living in San Jose, California. On November 9, 2004, Chang died by suicide.

## Related pages
*List of Chinese writers
Cawl

**Cawl**  is a Welsh dish. It was traditionally eaten during the winter months in the south-west of Wales. Today the word is often used to refer to a dish containing lamb and leeks, but historically it was made with either salted bacon or beef, potatoes, carrots and other vegetables.

The meat in the dish was normally cut into medium-sized pieces and boiled with the vegetables in water. The stock was thickened with either oatmeal or flour. It was then served, without the meat or vegetables, as a first course. It was eaten with wooden spoons. The word *cawl* in Welsh is first recorded in the 14th century, and is thought to come from the Latin '**, meaning the stalk of a plant, a cabbage stalk or a cabbage. In Welsh, **'  ("make a cawl of [something]") means to mess something up.

## Notes
## Further reading
* 
* 

## Other websites
;Recipes
*BBC Mid Wales article and recipe for Cawl Cennin 
*Recipe for Cawl Cymreig
Jerry Buss

**Gerald Hatten "Jerry" Buss** (January 27, 1933 &ndash; February 18, 2013) was an American businessman, poker player, real estate investor, and chemist. Buss was the owner of the basketball team the Los Angeles Lakers from 1979 until his death in 2013.

Buss was born on January 27, 1933 in Salt Lake City, Utah. He studied at the University of Wyoming and at the University of Southern California. Buss was married to JoAnn Mueller until they divorced. They had four children. Then he was married to Karen Buss until his death in 2013. They had two children. Buss died on February 18, 2013 from cancer and kidney failure in Los Angeles, California, aged 80.

## References
## Other websites
*Jerry Buss Hendon Mob tournament results 
*Jerry Buss on The Internet Movie Database
**Casper Journal* profile
BeatBullying

**BeatBullying** (BB) is a national charity in the United Kingdom. The purpose of BB is to help people to understand, recognise, and say no to bullying. This is done by giving them the tools to change their lives and the lives of other people.

## History
BeatBullying was established in 2002.

## References
 about bullying]]

## Other websites 
* BeatBullying website 
* BeatBullying (1097631) at CharityCommission.gov.uk
Hexaplex erythrostomus

***Hexaplex erythrostomus*** is a species of gastropod.

## Distribution
*Hexaplex erythrostomus* are found from the West Coast of the United States to Peru.

## Gallery

File:Phyllonotus margaritensis.jpg| a shell of *Hexaplex erythrostomus*
File:Hexaplex erythrostomus (2013-Veronidae) 000.jpg| a shell of *Hexaplex erythrostomus*
File:Chicoreus erythrostomus shell.jpg| a shell of *Hexaplex erythrostomus*

## References
* Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) *Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae*. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp.

## Other web
* Biodiversity Heritage Library: Bibliography for "*Hexaplex erythrostomus*"
* ZipcodeZoo.com: *Hexaplex erythrostomus*
Bullying UK

**Bullying UK**, also known as **Bullying Online**, is a national charity in the United Kingdom. The purpose of the organization is to give advice about a range of problems including cyberbullying.

## History
Bullying Online was established in 1999.  It was renamed Bullying UK in 2007.  It merged with a larger organization in 2011.

## References
 about bullying]]

## Other websites 
* Bullying UK website 
* Bullying UK, part of Family Lives (1077722) at CharityCommission.gov.uk
Margaret Sullavan

**Margaret Sullavan** (May 16 1909-January 1 1960) was an American actress. She who acted mostly on the stage, but she was also in sixteen movies. She began her career in 1929. Four years later, she began her movie career with *Only Yesterday*. Mostly however, the actress preferred stage work. Margaret was born in Norfolk, Virginia. She died in near New Haven, Connecticut from an accidental barbiturate overdose on January 1, 1960.

## Other websites 
*
Elspet Gray

**Elspeth Jean Gray, Baroness Rix** (**Elspet Jean MacGregor**, April 12, 1929 &ndash; February 18, 2013) was a Scottish actress and activist. She played Mrs. Palmer in *Solo* and as Lady Collingford in *Catweazel*.

Gray was born on April 12, 1929 in Inverness, Inverness-shire, Scotland. She was married to Brian Rix from 1949 until her death in 2013. They had four children. Gray died on February 18, 2013 from unknown causes, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Joaquín Cordero

**Joaquín Cordero Aurrecoechea** (August 16, 1922 &ndash; February 19, 2013) was a Mexican actor. He was mostly known for being in many Mexican telenovelas. He was in about 100 television shows and over 50 movies.

Cordero was born on August 16, 1922 in Puebla, Mexico. He was married to Alma Guzman until her death in 2012. They had three children. Cordero was in ill health shortly after his wife died.

In January 2013, Cordero went to the hospital because he had pneumonia. On February 19, 2013, Cordero died in his sleep in his home in Mexico City, Mexico from heart failure, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
W. Watts Biggers

**William Watts "Buck" Biggers** (June 2, 1927 &ndash; February 10, 2013) was an American novelist, composer, and co-creator of the *Underdog*. He wrote many books. His first book was *The Man Inside*.

Biggers was born on June 2, 1927 in Atlanta, Georgia. He studied at the North Georgia Military College. Watts was married to Gracie Biggers from 1950 until her death in 1990. They had two children. Biggers died on February 10, 2013 in his home in Plymouth, Massachusetts from a heart attack, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
*Biggers on the 2007 *Underdog* movie 
**Boston Globe*: Positive People Day
*Harris Literary Agency Biggers profile
Rooney Mara

**Patricia Rooney Mara** (born April 17, 1985) is an American actress. She has acted in movies, including *A Nightmare on Elm Street* (the remake of the 1984 horror movie) and *The Social Network*. Mara played Lisbeth Salander, the title character for the 2011 remake movie *The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo*. She was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance. In 2013, she starred in the movie *Side Effects*.

Mara is also known for her charity work. She oversees the charity Uweza Foundation, which supports programs for children and families in the Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya. Her sister is Kate Mara.

## Personal life 
Mara and Phoenix have two children, born in 2020 and born in 2024. The couple secretly married in 2024.

## Filmography
## References
Phyllis Hyman

**Phyllis Hyman** (July 6, 1949 – June 30, 1995) was an American actress and singer. She was born in Philadelphia. She performed pop and R&B music. She starred in the movie *School Daze* (1988). Her music was mainly melancholy from 1984 and afterwards. She killed herself with drugs and pentobarbital in her apartment in New York City on June 30, 1995. Three years after her death, a record, *Forever with You*, was released with other songs she had recorded before her death.
Kim Myung-sun

**Kim Myung-sun**(; Hanja: , 20 January 1896 - 22 June 1951) was a Korean writer and poet. She was a journalist, novelist, a femenist activist, and a movie actor. Her nickname was **Tansil**(), **Mangyangcho** () and real name was **Tansil**.

## Related pages 
* Na Hye-sok
* Kim Il-yeop
* Heo Jong-suk

## References 
## Other websites 
* Kim Myong-sun  
* 잊혀진 작고문인을 다시 보다 중앙일보 2009.01.14 
* [성의 갈등과 상실을 민족사랑으로 승화시킨 여류문인](http://www.womenshistory.re.kr:7070/servlet/main.ControlServlet김탄실(1896-?)) 
* The 'Modern' Japanese (and Korean) Taisho Woman
Carla Abellana

**Carla Angeline Reyes Abellana** (born June 12, 1986) is a Filipino actress and model.

Abellana was born in Manila, Philippines. She is the daughter of the former 80s heartthrob Rey 'PJ' Abellana and Rea Reyes. Her grandmother is Delia Razon.

## References
Elizabeth Hartman

**Elizabeth Hartman** (December 2, 1943 - June 10, 1987) was an American actress who mostly did movies. She starred in the movie *A Patch of Blue* with Shelley Winters and Sidney Poitier and received a Golden Globe Award for that role. Hartman was born in Youngstown, Ohio. Hartman had depression. On June 10, 1987, she jumped from the 5th floor of her apartment building in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The jump ended her life at age 43.

## Other websites 
*
South Bank

The **South Bank** is an area of London on the south bank of the River Thames. The South Bank is the home of the Royal Festival Hall, the Queen Elizabeth Hall, the Hayward Gallery, the BFI cinemas including the BFI IMAX and the National Theatre. The nearest tube and train station is Waterloo Station.

## Buildings
# London Eye
# Royal Festival Hall

## Other websites 
* South Bank Centre
Dating

When two people go out together because they are or want to be in a romantic relationship, this is often called **dating**. When someone goes on a date, they try to do things that both people will like doing: watching a movie, eating in a restaurant, drinking in a pub, bar or café, etc.

Dating can be done with both new people and people one already is in a relationship with. A first date lets people decide whether they are interested in that person, while dates after that are done to try and build the relationship.

There are commercial services to help people find people that they might want to go on a date with: dating services or introduction services. On the Internet, there are dating sites that allow people to find people who they might want to date. There are some online communities that oppose dating, such as MGTOW. When someone gives up on dating, it is sometimes called *taking the* *black pill*.

## References
Detritus

In biology, **detritus** is non-living particules of organic origin.  Typically, it includes the bodies or fragments of dead organisms as well as faecal material. 

Detritus is typically colonized by communities of fungi and microorganisms which act to decompose (break down) the material. In terrestrial ecosystems, leaf litter and other organic matter gets mixed with soil. The result is called humus.  Detritus of aquatic ecosystems is organic material suspended in water, which is sometimes referred to as marine snow. Marine snow is the basis of much life on the ocean floor. It is the food of animals which operate as 'filter-feeders'.
Grindr

**Grindr** is a piece of social networking software for smartphones. It is built for gay and bisexual men to chat with other men in their area. It is used to find people for sex or to go on a date.

## References
Irene Lentz

**Irene Maud Lentz** (December 8, 1901 &ndash; November 15, 1962)  was an American costume designer. She made costumes for many movie stars. She designed costumes for actresses like Hedy Lamarr, Ingrid Bergman and Marlene Dietrich in the 1930s and the 1940s.

On November 15, 1962, Lentz jumped to her death out a hotel window near Los Angeles.

## References
Indian elephant

The **Indian elephant** (*Elephas maximus indicus*) is one of three subspecies of the Asian elephant. It comes from mainlandAsia. Since 1986,  *E. maximus indicus* has been listed as endangered by IUCN. The population has declined by at least 50% over the last 60–75 years. The subspecies is also threatened by habitat loss, degradation and herds being split apart into smaller groups. It is recognized as the National animal of India. 

## References
Garrotte

A **garrotte** is a weapon, usually a handheld length of chain, rope, scarf, wire or fishing line used to strangle a person. **Garotte** is normal British English spelling, with single '**r**' as an alternate. **Garrote** with a single '**t**' is US English spelling. A Spanish version is *garrote vil*.

## Assassination weapon
The garrote has been used for centuries for silent assassination. The Indian version of the garrote often had a knot at the center to crush the larynx while applying pressure to the victim's back, usually by means of a foot or knee.

A stick may be used to tighten the garrote (the Spanish word actually refers to the stick itself). In Spanish, the term may also refer to a rope and stick used to constrict a limb as a torture device.

Since World War II the garrote has been regularly used as a weapon by soldiers as a silent means of eliminating (taking out) sentries and other enemy personnel. However, the method was replaced by hanging. Since 1929, capital punishment has not existed under Puerto Rican law.

In the Ottoman Empire, execution by strangulation was reserved for very high officials and members of the ruling family. Unlike the Spanish version, a bowstring was used instead of a tightening collar.

The garrote () is known to have been used in the first century BC in Rome. It is referred to in accounts of the Second Catiline Conspiracy, where conspirators were strangled with a *laqueus*. The implement is shown in some early reliefs, e.g., *Répertoire de Reliefs grecs et romains*, tome I, p.&nbsp;341 (1919). It was also used in the Middle Ages in Spain and Portugal. It was employed during the conquista of the Americas, notably in the execution of the Inca emperor Atahualpa.

During the Peninsular War of 1808–1814, French forces regularly used the garrote to execute Spanish *guerrilleros*, priests, and other opponents to Napoleonic rule. Around 1810 the earliest known metallic garrote appeared in Spain, and on 28 April 1828, the garrote was declared the sole method of executing civilians in that country.

In May 1897, the last public garroting in Spain was performed in Barcelona. After that, all executions were performed inside prisons. In 1935 in Spain the legislature adopted a law prohibiting any member of the armed forces from being a Freemason. As a result of this edict, 80 Freemasons were garroted to death in Málaga. This was one of the many issues that led to unrest that became the Spanish Civil War.

The last civilian executions in Spain by garroting were in March 1974. Two men both convicted of killing police officers: they were the last state-sanctioned garroting in Spain. In Spain, the garrote was abolished in 1978 along with the death penalty after adoption of a new constitution.

In 1990, Andorra became the last country to officially abolish the death penalty by garroting, though this method had not been used there since the late 19th century.

## References
Samaná English

**Samaná English** is a variety of the English language. It is spoken by about 10,000 people in the Samaná Peninsula, Dominican Republic. The speakers of Samaná English are the descendants of African American slaves freed from the United States. They migrated to the Samaná region beginning in 1824. Today, they are the largest group of English-speakers in the Dominican Republic.

The language is often described by linguists as either a Creole language or a dialect of English. It is closely related to other Creole languages of the Caribbean, especially Turks and Caicos and Bahamian Creole.

## Other websites 
*Ethnologue report for English; Samaná English is described under the heading "Dominican Republic"
Disability bullying

**Disability bullying** is a pattern of behavior that involves abusing people with disabilities.

Studies show that bullying happens to people with disabilities more often than to others in general.

## Hate crime
Disability bullying can become a type of hate crime or hate speech.  It is a kind of abuse.

## References
 about bullying]]

## Other page
*Ableism

## Other websites
* "Tips to Help the Bullying Bystander" at education.com
Exosphere

The **exosphere** is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite. Its molecules are gravitationally bound to that body. The density is so low that the molecules are essentially collisionless. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer,

The lightest atmospheric gases such as hydrogen and helium exist throughout the exosphere. Heavier ones like carbon dioxide and atomic oxygen are near the base. There are two borders to the exosphere; the lower boundary and the upper boundary. The lower boundary is about 500-800 km (300-500 miles) above the surface and is called the exobase.  It is also called the thermopause because it is in between the exosphere and the thermosphere. The molecules are moving very fast, so the temperature in this zone is thought to be thousands of degrees celsius.

## References
School bullying

''.]]
**School bullying** is when kids in school bully other people.

Studies show that school bullying happens to some more than others, particularly young people with disabilities and those with sexual orientation that are not traditional. 

## References
 about bullying]]

## Other websites
* ”Bullying Widespread in U.S. Schools, Study Finds” at nichd.nih.gov
Noël Coward

**Sir Noël Peirce Coward** (16 December 1899 – 26 March 1973) was a British playwright, composer, producer, actor and singer. He was born in Teddington, Middlesex. He was a closeted homosexual. He died of heart failure in Jamaica.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Rosalina

**Rosalina** is a character from the *Mario* video game series. She is the third major female character after Princess Peach and Princess Daisy. In the *Mario* games, she watches over the Comet Observatory. The Comet Observatory is an area in space that orbits the Mushroom Kingdom every 100 years.

## Appearances
Rosalina first appears in Mario Kart DS, she second appears Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time  and she third appears in *Super Mario Galaxy*. There, Rosalina acts as an ally to Mario and Luigi and their baby counterparts.  After Bowser attacks the Comet Observatory, she gives Mario, Luigi, Baby Mario and Baby Luigi the task of getting back the observatory's Power and Grand Stars. She also gives Mario and Luigi and the babies a creature named Luma to help them in their 2 adventures.

In the sequel, *Super Mario Galaxy 2*, a figure like her named the "Cosmic Guide" appears in the game when Mario dies multiple times in a level. Rosalina herself appears during the credits.

Rosalina makes her first playable appearance in *Mario Kart DS*. She is the first unlockable character. She makes her second playable appearance in *Mario Kart Wii*, Rosalina is the second unlockable character. Rosalina later appears in *Mario Kart 7*. She is third the unlockable character. She also has her own track called ''Rosalina's Ice World''.

Rosalina appears in Yoshi's Island DS and *Super Mario 3D World*, where is she an unlockable character. She can use the spin attack move that Yoshi and Mario can use in *Mario Kart DS*, *Super Mario Galaxy and Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time.*

Rosalina will appear as a playable character in *Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U*. She will fight with a Luma.

## References
## Other websites
*Rosalina on Super Mario Wiki
We Are Young

"**We Are Young**" is a song by the American band Fun. It is from their album *Some Nights*. It was released as the first single from the album on 20 September 2011. The song was covered on *Glee* on the episode "Hold On to Sixteen", aired in December 2011. It won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards.
Vicky Cristina Barcelona

***Vicky Cristina Barcelona*** is a 2008 Spanish-American romantic comedy-drama movie. It was written and directed by Woody Allen. It is set in the Spanish cities Barcelona and Oviedo. It is about two American women in their twenties who meet an artist, Juan, whilst spending a summer in Spain.

Rebecca Hall playes Vicky, Scarlett Johansson plays Cristina, Javier Bardem plays Juan, Penélope Cruz plays his angry, violent ex-wife Maria. The movie won a Golden Globe Award.

## Cast
* Javier Bardem as Juan Antonio Gonzalo
* Penélope Cruz as María Elena
* Scarlett Johansson as Cristina
* Rebecca Hall as Vicky
* Patricia Clarkson as Judy Nash
* Kevin Dunn as Mark Nash
* Chris Messina as Doug
* Pablo Schreiber as Ben
* Carrie Preston as Sally
* Zak Orth as Adam
* Julio Perillán as Charles
* Christopher Evan Welch as narrator

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
The Story of Us

**"The Story of Us"** is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter  Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift. It is about breakups and troubles between two people. The story in the song was inspired by an encounter with an ex-boyfriend during the CMT Music Awards in which Swift and the ex attempted to ignore one another. "The Story of Us" received mixed reviews, peaking at #41 on *Billboard* Hot 100, although the video got positive review for its "departure from the music video high school". The song was on Swift's album *Speak Now*, released in 2010.
Dragon Quest

, also known as ***Dragon Warrior*** outside of Japan before 2005, is a role-playing video game series. *Dragon Quest* is divided into two series: *Dragon Quest* and *Dragon Quest Monsters*. In the first, the main characters are human. In the second, the main characters are monsters. The series was created by Yuji Horii, and published by Square Enix (formerly Enix). Its first title was released in 1986 in Japan on the Famicom (known as Nintendo Entertainment System in America), and as of February 2013, ten main games were released. *Dragon Quest 10* is an online game. Besides these, there are many spin-off games and related products (manga, anime, Drama CDs and et cetera).

The series is the most popular in Japan, though it is not as popular as the *Final Fantasy* series in America and Europe. The series has sold 5,900 million copies globally.

## References
A Tribe Called Quest

**A Tribe Called Quest** was an alternative hip hop group that started in 1985. They are perhaps most famous for their song "Can I Kick It?". The members are MC/producer Q-Tip, MC Phife Dawg aka Phife Diggy (Malik Taylor), and DJ/producer Ali Shaheed Muhammad. Jarobi White was a member until 1991. They have released six albums.

## History
In 1985, A Tribe Called Quest started. They were signed to Jive Records in 1989. In 1990, their first album ''People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm'' was released. In 1991, the group's second album *The Low End Theory* was released, and is one of the best hip-hop albums of all-time. *Midnight Marauders* was released in 1993. It reached number eight in the American album chart. In 1996, *Beats, Rhymes and Life* was released. It reached number one in the American album chart. *Rolling Stone* magazine gave it a score of 4 out of 5 stars. In 1998, *The Love Movement* was released and the group broke up after. It reached number three in the American album chart. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album in 1999. In 2016, they returned to make their sixth and last album *We Got It from Here... Thank You 4 Your Service*.

## Discography
*''People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm* (1990)
**The Low End Theory* (1991)
**Midnight Marauders* (1993)
**Beats, Rhymes and Life* (1996)
**The Love Movement* (1998)
**We Got It from Here... Thank You 4 Your Service'' (2016)

## Related pages
*Lou Reed

## References
[[Category:1980s American music groups]
Strangulation

strangling an impala, Timbavati Game Reserve, South Africa]]

**Strangulation** is death by compressing the neck until the supply of oxygen is cut off. The process is called **strangling**. 

The brain needs a constant supply of oxygen. Strangling leads first to unconsciousness, then to death. Fatal strangling may occur in accidents, and other causes of violence.  Strangling does not have to be fatal; limited or interrupted strangling is practised in erotic asphyxiation, in the so-called "choking game".  

Choking yourself during masturbation (the so-called *choke wank*) is dangerous because it is easy to lose control or consciousness doing it alone, and someone (usually a parent or carer, or significant other) needs to find them within minutes before permanent damage is done. They would also need medical training and to call emergency services. 

Strangling is a technique in many combat sports and self-defence systems. It is a method of winning a judo bout. Usually the opponent submits; if not, he is "strangled out", that is, the hold is continued until he passes out and is then immediately released. *Shime-waza*, the judo term for this technique, has scored 97 times in World Judo events. No fatalities have resulted from it. 

There have been some deaths of suspects in police custody, where officers have used a "choke hold". Investigation suggested that this was because the officers' training had been inadequate. 
* **Hanging**—Suspension from a cord wound around the neck
* **Ligature strangulation**—Strangulation without suspension using some form of cord-like object called a garrotte
* **Manual strangulation**—Strangulation using the fingers or other extremity

## References
I Walk the Line

"**I Walk the Line**" is a song that was written and recorded by Johnny Cash in 1956. It was the first number one single Cash got. It sold over 2 million copies. Cash said that the song is about his promise to love and care for his wife.

## Chart positions
Lincoln Motor Company

The **Lincoln Motor Company** is an automobile company in the United States. It is a part of the Ford Motor Company that sells cars in North America. The current Lincoln cars in the United States include the Lincoln Nautilus, Lincoln Aviator, Lincoln Corsair, and the Lincoln Navigator.

Lincoln is the  brand of Ford. It makes upscale luxury vehicles. The company was founded by Henry M. Leland in 1917 as its own company. It was bought by Ford in 1922. The brand is named after Abraham Lincoln.
## Current production vehicles
## Former production vehicles
### Automobiles 
### Trucks 
## References
Ronnie Stevens

**Ronald Stevens** (September 2, 1925 &ndash; November 11, 2006) was an English actor. He was known for his roles in *Wild, Wild Women*, *Only When I Laugh*, *Ever Decreasing Circles*, *Hi-de-Hi!*, *Yes, Prime Minister*, *The Parent Trap*.

Stevens was born on September 2, 1925 in London, England. He was married to Ann Stevens from 1959 until her death in 2006. They had two children, one died. Stevens died from an illness on November 11, 2006 in Northwood, Middlesex, England, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Obituary in The Stage
Laurie Anderson

**Laura Phillips Anderson** (born June 5, 1947), known as **Laurie Anderson**, is an American avant-garde artist, composer, musician and movie director. Her work includes performance art, pop music and multimedia projects. Anderson had many performance art projects in New York during the 1970s. She focused mainly on language, technology and visual imagery.
.
## References
Hassan Zirak

**Hassan Zirak** (29 November 1921 – 26 June 1972) was a Kurdish singer. He performed over 1000 songs during his life. His songs are very popular in areas of Iran and Iraq where Kurds live.

## References
Mineral County

**Mineral County** is the name of many counties in the United States:

* Mineral County, Colorado 
* Mineral County, Montana 
* Mineral County, Nevada 
* Mineral County, West Virginia
Martha Reeves

**Martha Rose Reeves** (born July 18, 1941) is an American singer. She was also a councilwoman in Detroit, Michigan. She was associated with the R&B Motown group **Martha and the Vandellas** during the 1960s. Together, their hits included *Dancing in the Street* and *Heat Wave*. She had some solo songs, also.

Reeves was a Detroit Councilwoman between 2005 and 2009. She was born in Alabama. She was raised in Detroit.

## Sources
Kristy McNichol

**Christina Ann "Kristy" McNichol** (born September 11 1962) is an American TV and movie actress. She played Letitia "Buddy" Lawrence in the television program *Family*. She played Barbara Weston in the sitcom *Empty Nest*. She also acted with Cynthia Nixon in the 1980 movie *Little Darlings* and as the main character in the 1981 movie *White Dog*. She was born in Los Angeles.