open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure

**Blood pressure** is a measurement used in medicine.  In the body, the arteries carry blood away from the heart.  As blood travels through the arteries, it presses against the walls of the arteries.  Blood pressure measures how hard the blood is pushing against the walls of the arteries.  

Usually, "blood pressure" measures the pressure in larger arteries delivering blood to body parts other than the lungs, like the brachial artery in the arm.  Blood pressure is usually measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

There are two numbers in a blood pressure.  The first is the systolic pressure.  It measures how hard the blood pushes against the walls of the arteries when the heart is in systole (beating and pushing out blood).  This is when the pressure against the walls of the arteries is highest.  The second number is the diastolic blood pressure.  It measures how hard the blood pushes against the walls of the arteries when the heart is in diastole (resting between beats and not pushing out any blood).  For example, in the picture on this page, the pressure on the walls of the arteries is 122 mmHg when the heart is beating, and 65 mmHg when the heart is resting.  This blood pressure would be written as "122/65" and read as "122 over 65."

Mean arterial pressure is a person's average blood pressure.  Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.  However, blood pressure can be very different for each person.  Blood pressure also changes naturally during the day (in a circadian rhythm).  It gets lower during sleep and gets higher when a person gets up.  It is lower when a person is resting and higher during activity.    Many other things - like stress, disease, drugs, and what a person eats - can change blood pressure.

## Blood Pressure Problems 
People can have health problems if their blood pressure is too high or too low.

### High blood pressure 
High blood pressure is called hypertension.  A person has hypertension if their blood pressure is high and stays high over time.  Hypertension is very common.  About one in every three adults in the United States has high blood pressure.  It can cause serious health problems like heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.  Low blood pressure can cause problems like dizziness and fainting.  If a person's blood pressure is low enough, they can have seizures, lose consciousness, and even die.

## Related pages
* Hypertension
* Hypotension
* Systole
* Diastole

## References
Metalocalypse

***Metalocalypse*** is an animated comedy television series directed by Jon Schnepp. It is a part of Cartoon Network's Adult Swim. It is about a heavy metal group called Dethklok, who are the most famous and richest band in the world. The band is a very dangerous force to the people who like it and to world governments. Even though their fans often die or are hurt in the series, they still remain very popular. There is also a secret group of people who work for the U.S. Government who secretly spy on the band and plan to kill them.

## Band Members in Dethklok
* Nathan Explosion: The group's singer and leader, he is based on Glenn Danzig from The Misfits and Cannibal Corpse's George Fisher. He has long black hair, and is very large.
* Skwisgaar Skwigelf: Lead guitarist, who is from Sweden. He has long blonde hair, has blue eyes, and is skinny.
* Toki Wartooth: Plays rhythm guitar and is from Norway. He is very gullible and childlike. He has long brown hair and a "fu manchu" moustache.
* William Murderface: The bass guitar player, who is slightly overweight, very angry, and likes gross things including a new found love of "free-balling". He is partly based on Geezer Butler from Black Sabbath. He has triangular brown hair, and a mustache.
* Pickles-plays the drums, used to be leader of a band called "Snakes n' Barrels", a parody of Guns N' Roses. He is originally from Wisconsin. He has red cornrows.

## CD & DVD Release
Cartoon Network released a DVD of the first season of *Metalocalypse* and an album of Dethklok's songs in the summer of 2007. The album has songs that are played during the series.
St. Lucia Day

**St. Lucia Day** is a holiday that is held on December 13 in several countries in Europe. Those countries include Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland. 
## Overview
The holiday is in honor of Saint Lucy, or St. Lucy. On this day, young girls – mostly the oldest daughter of the house – dress like Saint Lucia in a white robe and a crown of candles. There are parades, pageants, and the girl playing Lucia serves cakes. They also sing special songs. Here is one of the songs:

*The night treads heavily*
*around yards and dwellings*
*In places unreached by sun,*
*the shadows brood*

*Into our dark house, she comes,*
*bearing lighted candles,*
*Saint Lucia, Saint Lucia.*

The Lucia celebrations also include ginger snaps and sweet, saffron-flavored buns (*lussekatter*) shaped like curled-up cats and with raisin eyes. People eat them with *glögg* or coffee.

## Related pages
* Saint
* Christmas
* Christianity
* Scandinavia
* Canonization
Pride

**Pride** means having a feeling of being good and worthy. The adjective is **proud**.

The word *pride* can be used in a good sense as well as in a bad sense.

In a good sense it means having a feeling of self-respect. People can be satisfied with their achievements. They can be proud of something good that they have done. They can be proud of (or *take pride in*) their work. They might be proud of their son or daughter or husband or wife or anyone else who is close to them and who has done something good. People can be proud of their country (patriotism). The opposite would be *to be ashamed* of someone or something. 

In a bad sense, *pride* can mean that someone has an exaggerated sense of feeling good. This might mean that someone has no respect for what other people do, only respect for what he or she does. Someone who is described as *proud* may be arrogant. The word is used in this sense in the saying: “Pride comes before a fall” or “Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall.” Prov.16:18 (meaning that someone is so overconfident that he or she might soon have a disaster).
Mount Ruapehu

**Mount Ruapehu** is an active volcano on North Island, New Zealand. It is the highest mountain in North Island with a height of . It is located in Taupo, New Zealand. It last erupted in September 2007.

## References
Klang

**Klang** (also known as **Kelang**) is the royal capital of Selangor, Malaysia. A popular harbour called Port Klang is located there. It is one of the busiest ports in the world. The wife of Mahathir Mohamad, Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali was born in this capital.

## History
* 1867 - 1874 Klang War
* 1880 - 1889 Klang became the capital of Selangor.
* 1945 - Klang Town Authority formed.
* 1954 - Klang Town Council formed (27.5 km²)
* 1971 - Klang District Council formed, including areas surrounding Kapar and Meru towns.
* 1974 - 1977 - Capital of Selangor when Kuala Lumpur became a Federal Territory and before Shah Alam was made the capital of Selangor.
* 1977 - Klang Municipal Council formed (60.9 km²)

## Weather
In Klang, it rains all year round. The monthly rainfall is slightly higher here in April and November. It might be because of the monsoon season.

The average temperature in Klang is around 25°C to 36°C (77°F to 96.8°F). There is no distinct seasonal difference in temperature in the town. Klang is hot and humid throughout the year.

## Districts
There are two districts in Klang, Klang North and Klang South. Both are divided by a river called the Klang River.

## Famous Local Food
Klang is famous for its Bak Kut Teh, a herbal soup which contains pork. Klang is also famous for its *Rojak Klang*. 

Another popular delicacy here is the "Cendol Klang". The stall was opened in 1972.

## Other websites 
* Klang Municipal Council website 
* ODP's Klang category 
* Klang travel guide at Wikivoyage
* Klang Community eSpace Forum 
* Port Klang Free Trade Zone
* Klang North Port
Symmetry

's *Vitruvian Man* (ca. 1487) is often used as a representation of symmetry in the human body and, by extension, the natural universe.]]
 also called the Mosque of Uqba, in Tunisia.]]

**Symmetry** is a property of some geometrical objects. Objects with symmetry appear the same when reflected along an axis or when rotated around a point. An object with symmetry is said to be **symmetrical**. The opposite of symmetry is asymmetry, which describes an object that does not have symmetry.

In reflectional symmetry, the axis of symmetry must cross the shape through the middle, dividing it into equal halves. In rotational symmetry, the object is identical when it is rotated by a certain amount. 

There are many ways to see the idea of symmetry in different things. Symmetrical objects can be material, such as a crystal, a quilt, a living being, floor tiles, or a molecule. Transformations such as moving across a regularly patterned tile floor and rotating an eight-sided vase show those objects' symmetry. A set of objects sharing a spatial relationship could be symmetrical.

Abstract structures can also have symmetry, such as a mathematical equation or in the way music is played (as in a series of tones). Symmetry may be found with respect to the passage of time; it can be seen as an aspect of scientific models, language, music and even knowledge itself.

## References 
## Further reading 
*
Anchorage

**Anchorage** is where a ship lies at anchor.

It can also mean:
* Anchorage, Alaska
* Anchorage, Kentucky
* Anchorage, a source of emotional support
Anfield

**Anfield** is a football stadium in Liverpool, England. The Football team Liverpool FC plays there. The stadium has just seen an expansion of the Main Stand increasing the capacity to 54,167.

Anfield is famous for the sign that is in the players' tunnel, which reads: "This is Anfield". One of their most famous rivals are Manchester United as well as  Everton FC. Liverpool v Everton is known as the Merseyside Derby. Anfield used to be owned by Everton F.C and Everton created Liverpool to use the stadium. They have won  6 European cups.

## Related pages
* Liverpool F.C.

## References 
## Other websites
Monty Python and the Holy Grail

***Monty Python and the Holy Grail*** is the second movie made by Monty Python. It was made in 1974 and was very successful. It is still very popular, and considered one of the best comedy films ever made. It was also made into a musical called *Spamalot*.

## Story
This is a comedy about King Arthur's search for the Holy Grail. He gathers a group of knights around him. They do not ride horses - instead, they clap coconut  together, to make the sound of a horse galloping. They search for the grail, but keep on getting distracted by peasants (poor farmers) who want to talk about politics, or French knights insulting them.

The movie was made in Scotland.
Yen

The Japanese **yen** or **en** is the currency used in Japan. It is usually written with the romanised symbol ¥, but in Japanese it is written with the kanji 円. The coins are very light and range from ¥1 up to ¥500. The highest paper note value is ¥10000. The Japanese currency is the third most traded currency in the world.

## Related pages
* Japan
Western States 100

The **Western States 100** is a 100 mile race that is held each July in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains.  It is the oldest regularly  ultramarathons. It is considered by some to be the most difficult.  Some of the best runners ever to compete in the Western States 100 race are Scott Jurek and Tim Twietmeyer.
If and only if

In logic and mathematics, **if and only if** (sometimes abbreviated as **iff**) is a logical operator denoting a logical biconditional (often symbolized by \leftrightarrow or\iff). It is often used to conjoin two statements which are logically equivalent. 

In general, given two statement A and B, the statement "A if and only if B" is true precisely when both A and B are true or both A and B are false. In which case, A can be thought of as the logical substitute of B (and vice versa).

An "if and only if" statement is also called a *necessary and sufficient condition*. For example:

*"Madison will eat the fruit if and only if it is an apple" is equivalent to saying that "Madison will eat the fruit if the fruit is an apple, and will not eat the fruit if it is not an apple". That the given fruit is an apple is both a *necessary* and a *sufficient* condition for Madison to eat the fruit.

Note that the truth table shown is also equivalent to the XNOR gate.

## Related pages 
* Equality (mathematics)
* Implication (logic)
* Propositional logic

## References
Miramax

**Miramax, LLC** is an American motion picture distribution and production company. It was headquartered in Los Angeles, California before being bought out by The Walt Disney Company.

It was created by the brothers Harvey and Bob Weinstein in Buffalo, New York in 1979. The name comes from combining the first names of their parents *Max* and *Miriam*.
 
In 1993, The Walt Disney Company bought Miramax for $80 million. Harvey and Bob Weinstein ran Miramax until they left the company on September 30, 2005. The Weinstein brothers ran Miramax separately of other Disney companies. However, Disney had the final say on what Miramax could release.

Miramax also has a family films division, Miramax Family Films.

Miramax is one of the Big Ten movie studios.

In 2011, Disney sold the Miramax library of movies to Filmyard Holdings for $663 million. After the sale, Miramax signed home video distribution deals with Lionsgate, Echo Bridge and .StudioCanal.

In 2016, Miramax was sold to beIN Media Group. In 2019, beIN sold 49 percent of Miramax to Paramount Pictures, which will distribute all of Miramax's movies.

## List of Miramax films 
### 1980s 
### 1990s 
### 2000s 
### 2010s 
### 2020s 
### Upcoming films 
## Further reading
* *Down and Dirty Pictures: Miramax, Sundance, and the Rise of Independent Film* by Peter Biskind (Simon & Schuster, 2004)

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* "When Harvey met Mickey"  - Ian G Mason, *New Statesman*, 11 October 2004
* 
* Miramax From Box Office Mojo
Skate (fish)

*For the act of skating, see skating.*

**Skates** are cartilaginous fish. They are the family **Rajidae**  in the order Rajiformes. They are chondrichthyes, and closely related to the rays. There are more than 200 species in 27 genera.

There are two subfamilies, the hardnose skates and the softnose skates.

## Skates and stingrays 
Skates are a bit like stingrays (they are in the same group), but they are usually smaller with shorter,  tails. There is also a difference: skates do not have stings. Instead, their tails are thicker, with small "thorns" along the edges. At the  of the tail is a set of extra fins.

Skates and rays are also different in the way the give . Most rays are ovoviviparous (the eggs  inside a mother's body), but skates lay their eggs. This means they are oviparous.

## References
Roger Moore

**Sir** **Roger George Moore**  (14 October 1927 &ndash; 23 May 2017) was an English actor and a UNICEF ambassador. He is probably the most well known for playing fictional spy James Bond in seven movies from 1973 to 1985. He played James Bond more times than any other actor. He was also well known for playing Simon Templar in the television show *The Saint*. He began his  by becoming a male model.

However, Roger Moore stated, about his decision to leave the role of James Bond, that "It wasn’t because of the physical stuff as I could still play tennis for two hours a day and do a one-hour workout every morning. Physically I was okay, but facially I started looking…well, the leading ladies were young enough to be my granddaughters and it becomes disgusting." According to him, he looked too old to be "hanging around women in their early twenties without it appearing creepy." This statement is an ageist offense to many people, even other famous people, who are enganged in relationships with large age differences.

## Early life
Moore was the only child of policeman, George Moore, and housewife, Lilian "Lily".  He attended Battersea Grammar School, but was evacuated to Holsworthy, Devon, during the Second World War. He was then educated at Dr Challoner's Grammar School in Amersham, Buckinghamshire. Moore served in the Royal Army Service Corps, commanding a small depot in West Germany.

## Personal life
Moore left his first wife, skater Doorn Van Steyn, for singer Dorothy Squires.  Squires was 12 years older than him.  She was also, at that time, much more famous than he was. They lived together for a short time in Dafen, Llanelli, South Wales. While making a movie in Italy in 1961, Moore left Squires for Italian actress Luisa Mattioli. Moore has a daughter and two sons with Mattioli. Moore ended this marriage in 1993. His final marriage was to the Danish-Swedish multi-millionairess Kristina 'Kiki' Tholstrup.

When Moore married Kiki Tholstrup, he began spending winters in Crans-Montana, Valais (Switzerland) and summers at his apartment in Monaco.

In 1999, Moore was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), and advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) on 14 June 2003.  He was proud the honor was for his charity work rather than his acting.

On 11 October 2007, three days before he turned 80, Moore was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.  Moore's Star was the 2,350th star.  It is appropriately located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard.

In 2008, the French Government appointed Moore a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

His autobiography *My Word is My Bond* was published the same year.

## Filmography
 with wife Luisa Mattioli.]]

## References
Coprophagia

**Coprophagia** is the eating of faeces. Many animals eat faeces, either their own or that of other animal groups. It is particularly common in dogs and puppies of about six months old, but little is known why; lack of stimulus and variety in the lifestyle or diet have been cited as potential reasons.

Adding pineapple to their food is  a well recognized solution for many dogs. Humans do it only on rare occasions and it is looked down upon in society.  Eating one's feces can also spread disease.

## References
Frankenwald

in the region. Its peak is at 794 metres above sea leavel.]]
The **Frankenwald** (roughly translates to Franconian forest) is a mountain range. It is in the district of Oberfranken in Bavaria. It connects the Fichtelgebirge to the Thuringian forest. It is a long forested plateau. The hills in the plateau form a watershed between the Rhine and the Elbe rivers. 

It was settled in the 13th century. The main branches of industry were porcelain-making, forestry, and the production of charcoal. Rafts were built to get the wood into the larger cities, along the Main river, and the Rhine. First, the people setlted on the plateau. They cut down some forest, and settled in the clearing that was created that way. A well preserved example of such a setltlement is Wilhelmsthal. Only at a later date did people settle in the valleys.

In the Frankenwald, the following landscapes are prevalent:

*plateaux where the forest has been cleared.
*forested slopes
*grassy valleys.
Melbourne Cup

The **Melbourne Cup** is Australia's major horse race. It happens once a year.  People say it is *The race that stops a nation*, it is for horses three-years-old and over, and it is 3200 metres long. The event has been held on the first Tuesday in November since 1861 (except on one year during the Second World War) by the Victoria Racing Club, on the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne. Many people say it is the most important "two-mile" horse race in the world.

The race was first held over two miles, about 3,218 metres, but after Australia changed to the metric system in 1972 it was changed to 3,200 metres. This made it 61&nbsp;ft 6in shorter, and Rain Lover's 1968 race record of 3min.19.1sec was changed to 3min.17.9sec. Now, the record holder is the 1990 winner Kingston Rule with a time of 3min 16.3sec.

The race starts at 3.00pm Melbourne (AEST) time.

## Attendance
The event is one of the most popular events to watch in Australia. Over 110,000 people attend the race. Some people dress in traditional formal raceday clothing. Other people dress in different kinds of strange and amusing costumes,
In 2005 a total of 383,784 race fans went to the Melbourne Cup Carnival annual event 

## History 
Seventeen horses raced in the first Melbourne Cup in 1861. The prize was a gold watch and 170 pounds cash. Some people say Archer (the winner) walked 800&nbsp;km to the course from Nowra, New South Wales.  However, it is possible he travelled by ship. Four thousand people watched the race.

Archer won again the next year.  However, because the owner's application form arrived late the next year, Archer was unable to try for a third cup. Many owners boycotted (did not race in protest) the race, so it started with only seven horses.  That is the smallest number in the history of the cup.

The winner of the Melbourne Cup last year was Rekindling, from Great Britain.

## Off the track 
'Fashions On The Field' is a major focus of the day.  Raceday fashion sometimes draws almost as much attention as the race itself.  The miniskirt received worldwide attention when model Jean Shrimpton wore one on Derby Day during Melbourne Cup week in 1965.

In Melbourne, the race day is a public holiday.  In the rest of Australia most people watch the race on television and gamble. Some people bet at the TAB (the Australian betting office).  Other people bet in workplace cup "sweeps".  (In "sweeps" each person pays a small amount [e.g. $3] and draws a random horse.  First, second, and third place then share the money.)  In 2000 it was estimated that 80 percent of the adult Australian population placed a bet on the race that year.

Betting on the Melbourne Cup has become more and more popular over the years, with one time a year punters having a crack at picking the winning horse.

## References
Municipality

A **municipality** is a word used for a city, a town or a village, or a small group of them. It has a clearly defined territory, and all the people living on that territory share one common local government.

In most countries, a municipality is the smallest administrative subdivision to have its own democratically elected representative leadership. A municipality is usually governed by a mayor and a city or municipal council. The municipality can be created as a municipal corporation.

The word used may be  "commune" (for example, French *commune*, Italian *comune* or Swedish *kommun*), canton, district, civil parish or borough.
King Philip's War

'''King Philip's War** (**Metacom's War''') was a war between Native Americans and English colonists. King Philip's War was fought between 1675 and 1676 in the area of the United States that is now New England.

When the Pilgrims left England, they came to live in Massachusetts near the Indians. As more Puritans arrived, they needed more land and they took it.  Metacom, or "King Philip" as he was called in English was the leader of one of the Wampanoag Pokanoket tribes.  His father had made a treaty with the English.

The English began to fear the power of the natives.  The two sides accused each other of violating the treaty and preparing for war.  John Wussausmon was Christian convert and a trader.  He told the English that Philip was preparing an alliance to attack them.  When he was found dead, the English executed three Indians for his murder, and people on both sides became more angry.  Philip brought together a large force of Indians and attacked the Puritan settlements.  The resulting war was large.  The Indians lost and thousands of them died but not before the whole countryside suffered much loss.  Many towns burned and every inhabitant was enveloped some way in the conflict. When King Philip was killed by a native, his head was cut off by Benjamin Church to be brought back to Plymouth.  500 Indians were also taken prisoner and made slaves.
Friedrichshafen

**Friedrichshafen** is a city in Germany. It is at the north shore of the Lake of Constance. It is the second largest city at the lakeside, after Konstanz. About 58,000 people live there. The city is famous for having one of the first Zeppelins.

## References 
## Other websites
Zeppelin

A **Zeppelin** is a type of airship. Airships are aircraft that float in air, because they are filled with a lightweight gas. A Zeppelin is a dirigible, which means it is a  airship, but can be moved around by itself. It was developed by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, in the early 20th century. The name Zeppelin is now used as a common name for all rigid airships. Zeppelins were used in the First World War. In the Second World War the Nazis largely used them for propaganda purposes.

One of the most well-known Zeppelins was the LZ 129 Hindenburg, which caught fire on May 6, 1937, during a landing after a non-stop trip from Germany to New Jersey in the United States.  After this, Zeppelin passenger service came to a stop.  The LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin was still in use, although some modifications had to be made.  Early the Second World War the remaining Zeppelins were demolished so their metal could be used for other things. 

Plans have been proposed, to use Zeppelins to lift heavy weights.  Some are used as tourist attractions, or for advertising.

## References
666

## Events 
*Wighard became Archbishop of Canterbury.
*Chertsey Abbey was built in England.
*Barking Abbey was built in England.

## Births 
* Zhang Jiazhen, Chinese general

## References
Stanza

A **stanza** is a related group of lines or verses in a poem. A stanza also can be a verse in paragraph form. They can keep on going without punctuation. It may also be a line poem.

Two most important features of a stanza is the number of lines and the rhyme scheme. There are many kinds of stanza. 

* Two-line stanza (\mathrm{AA}).
* Three-line stanza (\mathrm{AAA}).
* Four-line stanza (\mathrm{AAAA}, \mathrm{AABB}, \mathrm{ABAB}, \mathrm{ABBA})
* Five-line stanza (for example \mathrm{ABABB})
* Six-line stanza (for example \mathrm{ABABCC})
* Seven-line stanza (for example \mathrm{ABABBCC}, it is called rhyme royal)
* Eight-line stanza (for example \mathrm{ABABABCC}, it is Italian ottava rima)   
* Nine-line stanza (for example \mathrm{ABABBCBCC}, it is Spenserian stanza)
* Ten-line stanza (for example \mathrm{ABABCCDEED})

An Italian sonnet consists of two four-line stanzas and two three-line stanzas:

* \mathrm{ABBA \,\, ABBA \,\, CDC \,\,  DCDA}

A French ballad is composed of three eight-line stanzas and a four-line one:

* \mathrm{ABABBCBC \,\, ABABBCBC \,\, ABABBCBC \,\, BCBCA}

Some stanzas are named after poets, who invented or often used them. An example is Sapphic stanza that was named after famous Greek woman poet Sappho.

## Bibliography 
Joseph Berg Esenwein, Mary Eleanor Roberts, *Art of Versification*. Revised edition. Springfield: 1920.
Nanga Parbat

**Nanga Parbat** is a mountain in Gilgit-Baltistan, between Chilas and Astore. It is the ninth highest mountain in the world. It is  above sea level. Nanga Parbat means "Naked Mountain". In 1953, an Austrian German named Hermann Buhl was the first to climb it.

Nanga Parbat is in the west of the Himalayas, and is the most western of the mountains higher than eight thousand meters. It lies just south of the Indus River, in the Astore District of the Northern Areas in the region of Kashmir. Not far to the north is the western end of the Karakoram mountains.

Nanga Parbat is the highest peak in the Nanga Parbat Range. The range covers an area of  in length and  in width. In the east it joins the Pir Panjal Range.

The steep incline of its peak that rises above the ground far below makes Nanga Parbat a difficult and dangerous climb. Many deaths in the mid and early 20th century gave it the nickname of "killer mountain".

## References 
## Other websites 
*A mountain list ranked by local relief and steepness showing Nanga Parbat as the steepest 
*Pictures from a winter expedition in 2013
Group home

A **group home,** also called an **, care home or congregate living facility** (depending on country and region) is a building that serves as a home for people who are not in the same family but have a common . In the United States and certain other countries, this would mean a home for people who need social assistance or who are not able to live alone or without proper care for safety reasons. Group homes provide a structured environment and assistance with some activities of daily living (Assisted living). In the past, these people might have lived in psychiatric hospitals, homes for the poor and orphanages.

People who live in a group home may be recovering drug addicts, developmentally disabled, abused or neglected youths, and/or young people with a criminal record. A group home is different from a halfway house because it is not restricted to recovering addicts or convicted criminals, and also because the people who live there usually have to help maintain the household by doing chores or helping to manage a budget. In most countries, people can still vote and attend university while in a group home.

The number of residents varies. There may be a resident manager or service staff. Residents may have their own room or share rooms, and share facilities such as laundry, bathroom in most cases, kitchen and common living areas.  The opening of group homes may be fought against by neighbours who fear that it will lead to a rise in crime and/or a drop in property values and thus is a form of NIMBYism.

A group home can also refer to family homes in which children and youth of the foster care system are placed until foster families are found for them.

## References
Order

**Order** has many meanings or uses:

## Religious
* Holy orders are the rites or sacraments in which priests are ordained
* Religious order, a group of people that live together, and share some ideals

## Honors
* Order (decoration), an award or medal

## Legal and military
* Court order, made by a judge
* Executive order, issued by the executive branch of government
* General order, a published directive from a commander
* Standing order, a general order of unset duration, and similar ongoing rules in a parliament
* Direct order

## In scientific classification
* Order (physics), the opposite of chaos or disorder (in the sense of randomness), or entropy
* Order (biology), a rank between class and family, or a taxon at that rank
* Order (chemistry), a concept of chemical kinetics
* Social order, a concept used in sociology, history and other social sciences. May mean lawfulness, but more often means class structure.

## In mathematics
* Order (group theory), the cardinality of a group
* Order theory, a branch of mathematics that studies many different kinds of binary relations called orders
* Order (ring theory), a kind of an algebraic structure
* Orders of approximation, Big O notation
* Order of magnitude, a class of scale or magnitude of any amount
* Order, or degree of a polynomial

## In computer science
* Canonical order, the order of elements that follows a certain rules or specifications

## In telecommunications
* Modulation order, the number of different symbols that can be sent using a given modulation

## Other uses
* Collating order, sequence for text, such as alphabetical
* Order (business), an instruction from a customer to buy
* Order (exchange), customer's instruction to a financial entity for a financial transaction
* Order (information processing), a measure of the number of objects or sub-systems in a system
* Order (organization), an organization of people united by a common fraternal bond or social aim.
* Architectonic orders
* Way of categorizing Electronic filters by steepness
* Way of categorizing the size of lighthouse Fresnel lenses
* "The Order"
* Order (food), a customer's choice of food at a restaurant or for delivery
Respiration

**Respiration** is how nutrients change into useful energy in a cell. During respiration, energy is released in a form that can be used by cells. All living things respire. Both plant and animal cells use respiration to release energy from glucose.

There are two types of respiration. One is aerobic respiration and the other is anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration happens in the with presence of oxygen. Oxygen breaks down food (glucose) to release high amounts of energy. Anaerobic respiration happens in the presence of oxygen making lactic acid. During respiration in yeast and bacteria, oxygen is not involved in the oxidation of food. Food (glucose) is broken down into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide this is called anaerobic respiration. 

* Animals obtain carbohydrates, such as starch and sugars, by eating them. Some heat is released by these chemical reactions in cells, and it is this we experience as body heat.
* Plants make their own carbohydrates during photosynthesis. They get carbon dioxide from the environment and their energy from the sun.

Some use oxygen to break down glucose completely into CO2 (Carbon dioxide) and H2O (Water).

* here are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in animals

## Related pages 
See these (in this order) for an outline of the biochemistry of aerobic respiration:
#Cellular respiration 
#Glycolysis
#Link reaction
#Krebs cycle
#Electron transport chain
Kingsley Amis

**Sir Kingsley William Amis** (16 April 1922 – 22 October 1995) was an English novelist, poet, critic, and teacher. He wrote more than twenty novels, three collections of poetry, short stories, radio and television scripts, and books of social and literary criticism. He was the father of the British novelist Martin Amis.

## Biography 
Kingsley Amis was born in Clapham, South London, England. He went to school at the City of London School and St. John's College, Oxford. At Oxford, he met Philip Larkin and became friends. Amis served in the Royal Corps of Signals in the Second World War.

Amis was a fan of jazz music. He liked the American musicians Sidney Bechet, Henry "Red" Allen and Pee Wee Russell.

His first novel *Lucky Jim* was very successfull. The novel won the Somerset Maugham Award for fiction. *Lucky Jim* was the first English novel that focused on an ordinary man as anti-hero.

As a young man, Kingsley Amis was a member of the Communist Party. He left them when the Soviet Union invaded Hungary in 1956. After that, Amis became anti-communist, and conservative.

## James Bond
Amis wrote books about Ian Fleming's James Bond. He wrote the popular *James Bond Dossier*. Later, he wrote, *The Book of Bond, or, Every Man His Own 007*. It was a tongue-in-cheek how-to manual about being a spy like Bond. He wrote it under the name "Lt Col. William 'Bill' Tanner". Tanner was M's Chief of Staff in many of the Bond novels.

## References
## Other websites 
*Guardian Books "Author Page", with profile and links to further articles.
**The Paris Review* interview, with downloadable PDF
410s

The **410s** was a decade that began on 1 January 410 and ended on 31 December 419.

## Events 
*Sack of Rome by the Visigoths under Alaric
*Britain lost from the Roman Empire
69

**69** is a year in the 1st century.

## Events 
*The Year of the Four Emperors: After Nero's death, Galba, Otho and Vitellius all serve as emperor for a short time each before Vespasian takes over.
*January 15 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, and survives three months before committing suicide.
*First Jewish-Roman War – Vespasian lays siege to Jerusalem, which was captured by Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus after Vespasian became Emperor.
*April 2– Galba, governor of Spain, names himself *legatus senatus populique Romani*, breaking the line of Roman emperors begun with Caesar and Augustus. He was assassinated by the Praetorian Guards in favor of Marcus Salvius Otho.
*April 14 – First Battle of Bedriacum: Vitellius defeats Otho's legions, Otho commits suicide.
*April 17 – After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
*October 24 – Second Battle of Bedriacum: Flavians under Antonius Primus defeats Vitellians.
*December 21 – Vespasian becomes emperor.
*The Batavians, under the leadeship of Gaius Julius Civilis, revolt (Batavian rebellion).
*Legio I *Macriana liberatrix* is disbanded.

## Births 
*Saint Polycarp of Smyrna

## Deaths 
*January – Locusta
*January 15 – Galba
*April 15 – Otho
*December 22 – Vitellius killed by the army of Vespasian
340s

The **340s** decade ran from January 1, 340, to December 31, 349.

## Events 
*Ulfilas missionary to the Goths

## Significant people 
* Constans, Roman Emperor
* Constantius II, Roman Emperor
* Flavius Philippus, praetorian prefect of the East, consul
* Hypatia of Alexandria
Web 2.0

**Web 2.0** () is what people call new ways of showing or using things on the Internet. 

Web 2.0 is considered beneficial because it is easy for people to publish their work, connect with other people, and share and exchange information.

To people who use the Internet, wikis and blogs are Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is mostly about user-generated and interactive content.

Before Web 2.0, Internet users could just read information on web pages. With Web 2.0, users can interact with the site and add information. In Web 1.0, the previous version, information was only written by the website author. 

The Internet technology which is used for web 2.0 is not different from the old Internet technology, but the ways people use the web (the Internet) has changed.

Some people think that Wikipedia is a great example of "Web 2.0". Many other famous websites, such as Facebook and Youtube, are considered Web 2.0 Websites.

## References
Second Triumvirate

The **Second Triumvirate** was an alliance between Octavian, Mark Antony and Lepidus. It was formed to punish the conspirators who assassinated Julius Caesar.

The Triumvirate lasted from 43 BC to 33 BC. It ended the effort by Marcus Tullius Cicero to make the Senate once again the top body of the Republic. From then on Rome was ruled by an Emperor.

The Triumvirate army, led by Octavian and Mark Antony, defeated the Conspirators' army led by Cassius and Brutus.  The war ended with the Battle of Philippi in Roman Macedonia in 42 BC.  Cassius and Brutus committed suicide and the remainder of their army joined the Triumvirate forces.

## References
The Broons

***The Broons*** is a comic strip in the Scottish newspaper The Sunday Post. It is about a Scottish family with 11 members.

The strip is written in Scots.

## Family Members
*Maw
*Paw
*Granpaw
*Hen
*Joe
*Daphne
*Maggie
*Horace
*The Twins
*The Bairn
Rio Grande do Sul

**Rio Grande do Sul** is a Brazilian state. It is in Southern Brazil. It has common borders with Uruguay to the south, and Argentina to the west. It has a very high standard of living. Its capital city is Porto Alegre. About 10 million people live in the state. The surface area of Rio Grande do Sul is about 282,000 square kilometres.

## References
Bérurier Noir

**Bérurier Noir** are a French punk band which formed in Paris in 1983. It is made up of Loran (guitar), François (vocals) and Dede (drum machine). In 1985 Masto joined, playing the saxophone. They sing about French politics and anarchism. They are one of the most famous French punk bands.

## Discography
* 1983: *Macadam massacre*
* 1985: *Concerto pour détraqués*
* 1987: *Abracadaboum*
* 1989: *Souvent fauché, toujours marteau*
* 1990: *Viva Bertaga* (Live 1989)
* 1995: *Carnaval des agités* (Best Of/Live 1983-1989)
* 1998: *La bataille de Pali-Kao* (Best Of 1983-1989)
* 2003: *Même pas mort* (DVD+CD Best Of+News)
* 2005: ''L'Opéra des Loups* (DVD+CD Live 16 titles or DVD only)
* 2006: *Chant des Meutes* (Live 13 titles)
* 2006: *Invisible''

## Other websites
*  Official site
*  http://www.fzm.fr/
990

**990** (CMXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday in the Julian calendar.

## Events 
* January 1 – Kievan Rus' adopts the Julian calendar.
* Construction of the Al-Hakim Mosque begins in Cairo.
* The Pax Ecclesiae, an edict by the church in southern France attempting to outlaw acts of war against non-combatants and the clergy, is promulgated.

## Births 
* Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor (approximate)
* Edmund II of England, (approximate)
* Mieszko II of Poland, king of Poland from 1025 to 1031, duke from 1032 to 1034.
* Yorimichi, regent to the Japanese emperor from 1017 to 1020 and from 1020 to 1068.
*Johannes Skotus, Bishop of Mecklenburg (approximate)

## Deaths 
* Kaneie, regent to the Japanese emperor from 986 to 990.
* Al-Uqlidisi, Middle-East mathematician.
* Dunash ben Labrat
First Triumvirate

The **First Triumvirate** is the name most historians give to the political alliance between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey). They made it in 60 BC to give each other power. Each person helped the others to be more powerful. 

Caesar was able to gain money from Crassus to finance his public works campaign. He also gained military power from Pompey's loyal legions. Crassus, who was much envied and hated for his wealth and the means he used to attain it, was also able to gain popularity from Pompey as well as Caesar who had a loyal following in the plebeian class. Pompey was grateful to Caesar for his support against slander in the senate. Caesar's speeches in the senate were in favor of giving the newly conquered land to Pompey's returned legions. Pompey and Crassus ended their old grudge that dated back to the Third Servile War because they realised the advantages they allowed each other. To cement the Triumvirate, Crassus told Caesar's numerous debt holders that he would pay Caesar's loans if Caesar defaulted. Pompey married Caesar's only child, Julia. The Triumvirate lasted until Crassus' death in the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC.

Caesar and Pompey started fighting. Caesar won at the Battle of Pharsalus. Caesar became dictator in the year 44 BC.

## Related pages
*Second Triumvirate
Salinity

per year. Data from the World Ocean Atlas 2001.]]
**Salinity** is a scientific term. Scientists use it to tell how much salt there is in water. Salinity is measured by the amount of sodium chloride found in 1,000 grams of water, if there is 1 gram of sodium chloride in 1,000 grams of water solution it is 1 part per thousand. This is written as 1‰.

* Fresh water contains less than 0.1% of salt . This is the usual case for rivers and lakes.
* Brackish water contains between 0.1% and 3% of salt. This environment is usually found at estuaries where a river flows into the sea. 
* *Saline water* contains between 3% and 5% of salt (per volume). Usually, there is about 3.5% salt in the water of the oceans.
* Water that has more than 5% salt in it, is called brine. Some lakes and bodies of water have that much salt in them. The Dead Sea has about 15% salt (150‰) on the surface.

## References
Bixente Lizarazu

**Bixente Lizarazu** (born 9 December 1969) is a former French football player. He is one of the most successful football players in the world. He won the FIFA World Cup in 1998 and the European Football Championship in 2000. He has also won the UEFA Champions League (2001) and was champion of the Bundesliga (both with Bayern Munich) five times in a six-year period (1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005).

Lizarazu was born in Saint-Jean-de Luz, a small village in Basque region of France, in 1969. His first club was Eglantins Hendaje (1977-1989). He then went to Girondins Bordeaux (1989-1996). After playing for Bordeaux, he played for the Spanish club Athletic Bilbao (1996-1997) before he went to Bayern Munich (1997-2005). For a six months, he played for Olympique Marseille (2004). He ended his career in 2005.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Lizarazu goal.''

## Honours
**Bordeaux**
*Division 2: 1991–92
*UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1995
*UEFA Cup runner-up: 1995–96

**Bayern Munich**
*Bundesliga: 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06
*DFB-Pokal: 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06
*DFB-Ligapokal: 1997
*UEFA Champions League: 2000–01; runner-up: 1998–99
*Intercontinental Cup: 2001

**France**
*UEFA Team of the Year: 2001
*FIFA XI: 2002
*Équipe type spéciale 20 ans des trophées UNFP: 2011

**Orders**
*Knight of the Legion of Honour: 1998

## References
1073

## Events 
* April 22 – Pope Gregory VII (Cardinal Hildebrand) succeeds Pope Alexander II as the 155th pope.
* Emperor Shirakawa ascends the throne of Japan
* Rabbi Yitchaki Alfassi finishes writing the *Rif*, an important work of Jewish law.
* John IX bar Shushan ends term as Syrian Patriarch of Antioch
* Beginning of Sviatoslav II's reign as ruler of Kievan Rus
* Seljuk Turks conquer Ankara
## Births 
* David the Builder, King of Georgia
* Margrave Leopold III of Austria

## Deaths 
* April 21 – Pope Alexander II
* June 15 – Emperor Go-Sanjō of Japan (b. 1034)
* Zhou Dunyi – Neo-Confucian philosopher in Song Dynasty China
Salt evaporation pond

A **Salt evaporation pond** (or **saltern pond**) is a man-made shallow pond. Usually it is located near the sea. The ponds can be filled with salt water. The water is then left to evaporate. The salt is left behind, and can be harvested. Such ponds also provide a habitat for several kinds of animals. Most of these animals are birds. 

The color tells how much salt there is left in the water. Green colors come from special algae. These algae are there in low to mid salinity ponds (ponds with little salt in the water). In middle to high salinity ponds, an alga called Dunaliella salina shifts the color to red. Millions of tiny brine shrimp create an orange cast in mid-salinity ponds. Other bacteria such as Stichococcus also contribute tints. These colors are especially interesting to airplane passengers or astronauts passing above due to their somewhat artistic formations of shape and color. 

Image:Salz 01.JPG|Ponds on the Ile de Ré in France.
Image:San Francisco Bay Salt ponds 2002.jpg|Salt ponds in the San Francisco Bay area. The different colors are from different kinds of microorganisms in the ponds.
Image:Aigues-Mortes2.jpg|Another pond in Aigues-Mortes, in France.
Image:Batz-sur-Mer Marais Salants (2).jpg|The salt, after it has been collected (This one in Batz-sur-Mer, in France.
Image:Hamla Mourad 7.jpg|Man harvesting salt in a pond of Algeria.
Image:Salineras de Maras, Maras, Perú, 2015-07-30, DD 18.JPG|Salineras de Maras, Maras, Peru.

## Other websites
*NASA page on salt ponds 
*Information on the San Francisco Bay salt ponds
*Interactive satellite view
Shrimp

**Shrimp** are crustaceans. Shrimp are mainly found in three groups: **Caridea**, **Procarididea**, and Dendrobranchiata. There are thousands of species, and usually there is a species adapted to any particular habitat. Any small crustacean which resembles a shrimp tends to be called one.

Adult shrimp are filter feeding benthic animals that live close to the bottom. They can live in schools and can swim rapidly backwards. They have a high tolerance to toxins in polluted areas, and may contribute to high toxin levels in their predators. They play important roles in the food chain and are important food sources for larger animals from fish to whales.

Shrimp are related to prawns. In cooking, the criterion is often only the size of the animal (prawns are bigger). Biologically, prawns and shrimp can be told apart by the structure of their gills. In prawns, the gills are branching; in shrimp they are not. A shrimp's heart is in its head.

## Food 
Many shrimp species are caught to be eaten. Usually, the head and the digestive tract are removed before the shrimp is eaten. The muscular tails of shrimp can be eaten, and they are widely caught and farmed for human consumption.

Commercial shrimp species support an industry worth 50 billion dollars a year. In 2010 the total commercial production of shrimp was nearly 7 million tonnes. Shrimp farming took off during the 1980s, particularly in China, and by 2007 the harvest from shrimp farms exceeded the capture of wild shrimp. There is often pollution damage done to estuaries when they are used for shrimp farming.

## References 
## Related pages 
* Prawn
* Krill