August 6

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
*1223 &ndash; Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile are crowned King and Queen of France.
*1284 &ndash; The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, therefore losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean.
*1506 &ndash; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Crimean Khanate in the Battle of Kletsk.
*1538 &ndash; Bogota, the present-day capital city of Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada.
*1661 &ndash; The Treaty of The Hague is signed by Portugal and the Dutch Republic.
*1777 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: The bloody Battle of Oriskany prevents American relief of the Siege of Fort Stanwix.
*1787 &ndash; Sixty proof sheets of the United States Constitution are delivered to the Constitution Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
*1806 &ndash; Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates, thus ending the Holy Roman Empire.
*1813 &ndash; Simon Bolivar takes control of Caracas (present-day Venezuela) from the Spanish.
*1825 &ndash; Bolivia gains independence from Peru.
*1845 &ndash; The Russian Geographical Society is founded in Saint Petersburg.
*1861 &ndash; British annexation of Lagos, Nigeria.
*1862 &ndash; American Civil War: The Confederate ironclad CSS *Arkansas* is scuttled on the Mississippi River after suffering damage in a battle with the USS *Essex* near Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
*1870 &ndash; Franco-Prussian War: The Battles of Spicheren and Woerth both end in Prussian victory.
*1890 &ndash; At Auburn Prison in New York, the first execution by electric chair is performed, with murderer William Kemmler as the subject.
*1893 &ndash; The Corinth Canal in Greece opens for shipping.
*1896 &ndash; Madagascar officially becomes a French colony.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
*1914 &ndash; World War I: Serbia declares war on Germany.
*1915 &ndash; World War I: Battle of Sari Bair begins – The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
*1926 &ndash; Gertrude Ederle becomes first woman to swim across the English Channel.
*1926 &ndash; In New York City, the Warner Brothers' Vitaphone system premieres with the movie *Don Juan* starring John Barrymore.
*1940 &ndash; The Soviet Union takes control of Estonia.
*1942 &ndash; Wilhelmina of the Netherlands becomes the first reigning queen to address a joint session of the United States Congress.
*1945 &ndash; World War II: An atomic bomb codenamed *Little Boy* is dropped by the American B-29 *Enola Gay* on the city of Hiroshima, Japan at 8:16&nbsp;a.m.. It kills 80,000 outright with another 60,000 dead by the end of the year from fallout sickness. Ultimately, about 200,000 die due to the atomic bombing.
*1958 &ndash; Gasherbrum IV in the Karakoram range of the Himalayas is first climbed, by Walter Bonatti and Carlo Mauri.
*1960 &ndash; Cuban Revolution: In response to a United States embargo, Cuba nationalizes American and foreign-owned property in the nation.
*1962 &ndash; Jamaica becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
*1964 &ndash; Prometheus, a bristlecone pine and the world's oldest tree, is cut down.
*1965 &ndash; US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law.
*1966 &ndash; Braniff Airlines Flight 250 crashes in Fall City, Nebraska, killing all 42 people.
*1984 &ndash; Pop star Prince releases *Purple Rain*, the album which launched him to superstardom.
*1985 &ndash; In Hiroshima, tens of thousands mark the 40th anniversary  of the atomic bombing of the city.
*1988 &ndash; "Police riot" in New York City's Tompkins Square Park
*1990 &ndash; Gulf War: The United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait
*1991 &ndash; Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web.
*1991 &ndash; Takako Doi becomes the first female speaker of the Japanese House of Representatives.
*1993 &ndash; Heavy rains kill 72 people in the Aira and Kagoshima areas of Kyushu, Japan.
*1993 &ndash; Louis Freeh is confirmed by the United States Senate to be the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
*1993 &ndash; *The Fugitive* opens in theaters, starring Harrison Ford and Tommy Lee Jones.
*1996 &ndash; NASA announces that the ALH 84001 meteorite, thought to originate from Mars, contains evidence of primitive life-forms.
*1996 &ndash; Australian census conducted.
*1997 &ndash; Microsoft buys $150 million worth of shares of financially troubled Apple Computer.
*1997 &ndash; Korean Air Flight 801, a Boeing 747–300, crashes into the jungle on Guam on approach to airport, killing 228.

### From 2001 
*2001 &ndash; President George W. Bush receives President's Daily Briefing entitled *Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US*.
*2002 &ndash; Marquis de la Fayette is made Honorary Citizen of the United States.
*2002 &ndash; Manindra Agrawal *et al.* prove the long-standing number theory conjecture in the article entitled "Primes in P".
*2008 &ndash; In Mauritania, President Sidi Ould Sheikh Abdallahi is removed from office in a military coup, led by Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz.
*2010 &ndash; In relation to the floods in Pakistan, flash floods also hit the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir, killing 255 people.
*2011 &ndash; The 2011 England riots begin.
*2012 &ndash; NASA's Mars Science Laboratory rover *Curiosity* lands on the surface of the planet Mars, with the intention of finding evidence that life once existed there.
*2017 &ndash; The UEFA Women's Championship is won by the Netherlands, with a 4–2 win in the final over Denmark, who had ended Germany's run of six titles in-a-row in the quarter finals.

## Births 
### Up to 1800 
*1180 &ndash; Emperor Go-Toba of Japan (d. 1239)
*1504 &ndash; Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1575)
*1619 &ndash; Barbara Strozzi, Italian singer and composer (d. 1677)
*1638 &ndash; Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (d. 1715)
*1644 &ndash; Louise de la Valliere, mistress to Louis XIV of France (d. 1710)
*1666 &ndash; Maria Sofia of Neuburg, German-born consort of Peter II of Portugal (d. 1699)
*1667 &ndash; Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and physician (d. 1748)
*1682 &ndash; Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1712)
*1697 &ndash; Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1745)
*1765 &ndash; Petros Mavromichalis, Greek independence leader (d. 1848)
*1766 &ndash; William Hyde Wollaston, English chemist (d. 1828)
*1775 &ndash; Daniel O'Connell, Irish politician (d. 1847)
*1775 &ndash; Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, son of King Charles X of France (d. 1844)
*1789 &ndash; Friedrich List, German economist, businessman and diplomat (d. 1846)

### 1801 &ndash; 1900 
*1809 &ndash; Alfred Tennyson, English poet (d. 1892)
*1811 &ndash; Judah P. Benjamin, American politician (d. 1884)
*1826 &ndash; Thomas Alexander Browne, Australian writer (d. 1915)
*1827 &ndash; José Manuel Marroquin, 27th President of Colombia (d. 1908)
*1835 &ndash; Jewett W. Adams, Governor of Nevada (d. 1920)
*1844 &ndash; James Henry Greathead, engineer (d. 1896)
*1844 &ndash; Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1900)
*1857 &ndash; Christian Wilhelm Allers, German painter (d. 1915)
*1859 &ndash; Arthur Berson, German meteorologist (d. 1942)
*1861 &ndash; Edith Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (d. 1948)
*1866 &ndash; Matthew Henson, American Arctic explorer (d. 1955)
*1868 &ndash; Paul Claudel, French poet (d. 1955)
*1874 &ndash; Charles Fort, writer and researcher into anomalous phenomena (d. 1932)
*1877 &ndash; Wallace H. White, Jr., United States Senator from Maine (d. 1952)
*1880 &ndash; Hans Moser, Austrian actor (d. 1964)
*1881 &ndash; Leo Carrillo, actor (d. 1961)
*1881 &ndash; Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist and physician (d. 1955)
*1881 &ndash; Louella Parsons, American gossip columnist (d. 1972)
*1889 &ndash; John Middleton Murry, English poet (d. 1957)
*1891 &ndash; William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim, 13th Governor-General of Australia (d. 1970)
*1892 &ndash; Hoot Gibson, American cowboy actor (d. 1962)
*1893 &ndash; Wright Patman, American politician (d. 1976)
*1895 &ndash; Ernesto Lecuona, Cuban musician and composer (d. 1963)
*1900 &ndash; Cecil H. Green, Texas Instruments founder (d. 2003)

### 1901 - 1950 
*1902 &ndash; Dutch Schultz, American bootlegger, gangster (d. 1935)
*1904 &ndash; Jean Desses, French couturier (d. 1970)
*1904 &ndash; Henry Iba, American basketball player and coach (d. 1993)
*1908 &ndash; Helen Jacobs, American tennis player (d. 1997)
*1908 &ndash; Rufino Santos, Filipino cardinal (d. 1973)
*1908 &ndash; Louis Vaida, Hungarian painter (d. 1941)
*1911 &ndash; Norman Gordon, South African cricketer (d. 2014)
*1911 &ndash; Lucille Ball, American actress and comedienne (d. 1989)
*1914 &ndash; Gordon Freeth, Australian politician (d. 2001)
*1916 &ndash; Richard Hofstadter, historian (d. 1970)
*1916 &ndash; Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta (d. 2012)
*1917 &ndash; Robert Mitchum, American actor (*Night of the Hunter*, *Cape Fear* 1961 version) (d. 1997)
*1919 &ndash; Pauline Betz, American tennis player (d. 2011)
*1922 &ndash; Sir Freddie Laker, American entrepreneur (d. 2006)
*1922 &ndash; Daniel Walker, American politician, Governor of Illinois (d. 2015)
*1924 &ndash; Hélène Martini, French night club owner (d. 2017)
*1924 &ndash; Philippe Washer, Belgian tennis player (d. 2015)
*1925 &ndash; Barbara Bates, American actress (d. 1969)
*1926 &ndash; Janet Asimov, American science fiction writer and psychoanalyst (d. 2019)
*1926 &ndash; Elisabeth Beresford, British author (d. 2010)
*1926 &ndash; Frank Finlay, English actor (d. 2016)
*1928 &ndash; Andy Warhol, American artist (d. 1987)
*1929 &ndash; Mike Elliott, Jamaican saxophonist
*1929 &ndash; Kateb Yacine, Algerian writer (d. 1989)
*1930 &ndash; Abbey Lincoln, American jazz singer (d. 2010)
*1932 &ndash; Howard Hodgkin, English painter and print-maker (d. 2017)
*1933 &ndash; Suchinda Kraprayoon, former Prime Minister of Thailand
*1933 &ndash; Ulrich Biesinger, German footballer (d. 2011)
*1934 &ndash; Chris Bonington, English mountaineer
*1934 &ndash; Piers Anthony, English author
*1934 &ndash; Diane di Prima, American poet
*1935 &ndash; Fortunato Baldelli, Italian cardinal (d. 2012)
*1935 &ndash; Mario Coluna, Mozambican–Portuguese footballer (d. 2014)
*1937 &ndash; Charlie Haden, American musician (d. 2014)
*1937 &ndash; Barbara Windsor, British actress
*1937 &ndash; Baden Powell de Aquino, Brazilian musician (d. 2000)
*1938 &ndash; Peter Bonerz, American actor and director
*1940 &ndash; Louise Sorel, American actress
*1940 &ndash; Mukhu Aliyev, Russian politician, 2nd President of Dagestan
*1940 &ndash; Egil Kapstad, Norwegian pianist
*1942 &ndash; Evelyn Hamann, German actress (d. 2007)
*1943 &ndash; Jon Postel, American creator of the Domain Name System (DNS) (d. 1998)
*1946 &ndash; Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea (d. 2009), possibly born on September 1
*1946 &ndash; Masaaki Sakai, Japanese comedian
*1946 &ndash; Ron Davies, Welsh politician
*1948 &ndash; Alan Howarth, American composer
*1949 &ndash; Clarence Richard Silva, Roman Catholic bishop of Honolulu

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
*1951 &ndash; Daryl Somers, Australian television personality
*1951 &ndash; Catherine Hicks, American actress
*1951 &ndash; Christophe de Margerie, French businessman (d. 2014)
*1952 &ndash; David McLetchie, Scottish politician (d. 2013)
*1955 &ndash; Rusty Magee, American actor and composer (d. 2003)
*1955 &ndash; Tom Sandberg, Norwegian skier
*1957 &ndash; Renato Soru, Italian politician and businessman, founder of Tiscali
*1957 &ndash; Jim McGreevey, American politician, former Governor of New Jersey
*1959 &ndash; Joyce Sims, American singer-songwriter
*1962 &ndash; Michelle Yeoh, Chinese-Malaysian actress
*1962 &ndash; Marc Lavoine, French singer and actor
*1963 &ndash; Charles Ingram, British game show contestant
*1963 &ndash; Kevin Mitnick, American computer hacker and author
*1964 &ndash; Gary Valenciano, Filipino singer-songwriter, producer and actor
*1965 &ndash; Juliane Köhler, German actress
*1965 &ndash; David Robinson, American basketball player
*1965 &ndash; Mark Speight, English television presenter (d. 2008)
*1968 &ndash; Lisa Boyle, American actress and model
*1969 &ndash; Elliott Smith, American musician (d. 2003)
*1970 &ndash; M. Night Shyamalan, Indian-American movie director, writer, producer, actor
*1971 &ndash; Merrin Dungey, actress
*1971 &ndash; Federico Giunti, Italian footballer
*1972 &ndash; Geri Halliwell, English singer (Spice Girls)
*1973 &ndash; Donna Lewis, Welsh singer and composer
*1975 &ndash; Jason Crump, Australian speedway rider
*1975 &ndash; Renate Götschl, Austrian skier

### From 1976 
*1976 &ndash; Soleil Moon Frye, American actress
*1976 &ndash; Melissa George, actress
*1977 &ndash; Jennifer Lyons, American actress
*1977 &ndash; Leandro Amaral, Brazilian footballer
*1978 &ndash; Marisa Miller, American actress
*1978 &ndash; Billy Klippert, singer
*1979 &ndash; Francesco Bellotti, Italian cyclist
*1979 &ndash; Jaime Correa, Mexican footballer
*1979 &ndash; Megumi Okina, Japanese actress and singer
*1980 &ndash; Roman Weidenfeller, German footballer
*1981 &ndash; Travie McCoy, American rapper and songwriter
*1981 &ndash; Abdul Kader Keïta, footballer from Ivory Coast
*1982 &ndash; Romola Garai, British actress
*1983 &ndash; Robin van Persie, Dutch footballer
*1984 &ndash; Vedad Ibisevic, footballer from Bosnia and Herzegovina
*1984 &ndash; Sofia Essaidi, French-Moroccan singer, dancer and actress
*1985 &ndash; Jesse Ryder, New Zealand cricketer
*1985 &ndash; Bafétimbi Gomis, French footballer
*1987 &ndash; Aditya Narayan, Indian actor and singer
*1987 &ndash; Charley Chase, American pornographic actress
*1987 &ndash; Joran van der Sloot, Dutch murderer
*1988 &ndash; Chelsee Healey, English actress
*1988 &ndash; Aleska Diamond, Hungarian pornographic actress
*1990 &ndash; JonBenét Ramsey, young beauty queen and victim of crime (d. 1996)
*1991 &ndash; Jiao Liuyang, Chinese swimmer
*1993 &ndash; Kaori Ishihara, Japanese voice actress
*1998 &ndash; Jack Scanlon, British actor
*2001 &ndash; Ty Simpkins, American actor

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 258 &ndash; Pope Sixtus II
* 523 &ndash; Pope Hormisdas (b. 450)
* 1162 &ndash; Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona (b. 1113)
* 1195 &ndash; Henry the Lion, son of Henry X, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1129)
* 1221 &ndash; Saint Dominic, Spanish monk and founder of the Dominican Order (b. 1170)
* 1272 &ndash; King Stephen V of Hungary (b. 1239)
* 1328 &ndash; Galeazzo I Visconti, ruler of Milan (b. 1277)
* 1414 &ndash; Ladislaus of Naples (b. 1377)
* 1458 &ndash; Pope Callixtus III (b. 1378)
* 1623 &ndash; Anne Hathaway, wife of William Shakespeare (b. 1555)
* 1660 &ndash; Diego Velazquez, Spanish painter (b. 1599)
* 1694 &ndash; Antoine Arnauld, French philosopher and mathematician (b. 1612)
* 1746 &ndash; King Christian VI of Denmark (b. 1699)
* 1753 &ndash; Georg Wilhelm Richmann, Russian physicist (b. 1711)
* 1794 &ndash; Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1714)
* 1828 &ndash; Konstantin von Benckendorff, Russian general and statesman (b. 1785)
* 1875 &ndash; Gabriel Garcia Moreno, President of Ecuador (b. 1821)
* 1881 &ndash; James Springer White, American preacher and author (b. 1821)
* 1890 &ndash; William Kemmler, American murderer, executed on the electric chair (b. 1860)
* 1891 &ndash; Henry Litolff, English pianist and composer (b. 1818)
* 1893 &ndash; Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel, Swiss politician (b. 1811)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1904 &ndash; Eduard Hanslick, Austrian music writer and critic (b. 1825)
* 1914 &ndash; Ellen Louise Wilson, first wife of US President Woodrow Wilson (b. 1860)
* 1920 &ndash; Stefan Bastyr, Polish aviator (b. 1890)
* 1925 &ndash; Surendranath Banerjee, Indian politician (b. 1848)
* 1931 &ndash; Bix Beiderbecke, American jazz cornetist and pianist (b. 1903)
* 1945 &ndash; Richard Bong, American pilot (b. 1920)
* 1945 &ndash; Hiram Johnson, Governor of California (b. 1866)
* 1954 &ndash; Emilie Dionne, one of the Dionne Quintuplets (b. 1934)
* 1959 &ndash; Preston Sturges, American playwright, screenwriter and director (b. 1898)
* 1964 &ndash; Cedric Hardwicke, English actor (b. 1893)
* 1969 &ndash; Theodor Adorno, German philosopher (b. 1903)
* 1973 &ndash; Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba (b. 1901)
* 1974 &ndash; Gene Ammons, American saxophonist (b. 1925)
* 1976 &ndash; Gregor Piatigorsky, Russian-American cellist (b. 1903)
* 1978 &ndash; Pope Paul VI (b. 1897)
* 1978 &ndash; Edward Durrell Stone, American architect (b. 1902)
* 1979 &ndash; Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, German biochemist (b. 1911)
* 1983 &ndash; Klaus Nomi, German singer (b. 1944)
* 1985 &ndash; Forbes Burnham, leader of Guyana (b. 1923)
* 1986 &ndash; Emilio Fernandez, Mexican actor, screenwriter and director (b. 1904)
* 1991 &ndash; Roland Michener, Canadian lawyer, politician and diplomat (b. 1900)
* 1991 &ndash; Shapour Bakhtiar, Iranian politician (b. 1915)
* 1991 &ndash; Harry Reasoner, American journalist (b. 1923)
* 1993 &ndash; Bob Kiesel, American athlete (b. 1911)
* 1994 &ndash; Domenico Modugno, Italian singer-songwriter, actor and politician (b. 1928)
* 1994 &ndash; Giovanni Spadolini, Italian politician (b. 1925)
* 1998 &ndash; André Weil, French mathematician (b. 1906)

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Jorge Amado, Brazilian writer (b. 1912)
* 2002 &ndash; Edsger Dijkstra, Dutch computer scientist (b. 1930)
* 2005 &ndash; Robin Cook, British politician (b. 1946)
* 2005 &ndash; Ibrahim Ferrer, Cuban singer (b. 1927)
* 2007 &ndash; Heinz Barth, German SS officer (b. 1920)
* 2009 &ndash; Riccardo Cassin, Italian mountaineer (b. 1909)
* 2009 &ndash; Willy DeVille, American singer-songwriter (b. 1950)
* 2009 &ndash; John Hughes, American movie director (b. 1950)
* 2010 &ndash; Fredrik Ericsson, Swedish mountaineer (b. 1975)
* 2010 &ndash; Catfish Collins, American musician (b. 1944)
* 2010 &ndash; Tony Judt, British historian (b. 1948)
* 2012 &ndash; Bernard Lovell, British physicist and radio astronomer (b. 1913)
* 2012 &ndash; Ruggiero Ricci, American violinist (b. 1918)
* 2012 &ndash; Marvin Hamlisch, American composer (b. 1944)
* 2013 &ndash; Selcuk Yula, Turkish footballer (b. 1959)
* 2014 &ndash; Pran Kumar Sharma, Indian cartoonist (b. 1938)
* 2014 &ndash; Smita Talwalkar, Indian actress (b. 1954)
* 2014 &ndash; John Woodland Hastings, American biochemist (b. 1927)
* 2014 &ndash; Julien Fourgeaud, French businessman and inventor (b. 1980)
* 2015 &ndash; Orna Porat, German-Israeli actress (b. 1924)
* 2015 &ndash; Louise Suggs, American tennis player (b. 1923)
* 2016 &ndash; Ivo Pitanguy, Brazilian plastic surgeon (b. 1926)
* 2017 &ndash; Nicole Bricq, French politician (b. 1947)
* 2017 &ndash; Betty Cuthbert, Australian athlete (b. 1938)
* 2017 &ndash; Darren Daulton, American baseball player (b. 1962)
* 2017 &ndash; Hinrich Lehmann-Grube, German politician (b. 1932)
* 2017 &ndash; Martin Roth, German museum director (b. 1955)
* 2017 &ndash; Dick Locher, American cartoonist (b. 1929)
* 2017 &ndash; Wolfgang H. Berger, German-American oceanographer and geologist (b. 1937)
* 2018 &ndash; Margaret Heckler, American politician (b. 1931)
* 2018 &ndash; Paul Laxalt, American politician, 22nd Governor of Nevada (b. 1922)
* 2018 &ndash; Joël Robuchon, French chef and cookbook writer (b. 1945)

## Observances 
* Independence Day in Bolivia and Jamaica
* Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony
* Start of Tanabata Festival (Sendai, Japan)
* Bogota Day