open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fredric Brandt

**Fredric Sheldon Brandt** (June 26, 1949&nbsp;– April 5, 2015) was an American physician, researcher, lecturer, author, and radio host. He was known for using the first botulinum toxin ("botox") and fillers. Brandt was also known for his role in the FDA approval of numerous fillers and botulinum toxins for cosmetic use in the United States. 

Brandt committed suicide by hanging himself on April 5, 2015 in his home in Coconut Grove, Florida, aged 65. His publicist reported that he had been suffering from depression.

## References
## Other websites
* Dr. Brandt Skincare
Duke Lemur Center

The **Duke Lemur Center** is an  sanctuary for several species of lemurs and lorises. It is at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. The center is the largest sanctuary for these animals in the world. There are about 10 different species at the center. The center does not harm the animals while researching them. The Duke Lemur Center is open to the public. s are by  only.

On November 10, 2014, Jovian (best known for mainly portraying Zoboomafoo in the series of the same name) died at his home in the center of renal failure at age 20. It is currently unknown when his funeral was.

## References
## Other websites
* The official homepage of the Duke Lemur Center
Kay Lenz

**Kay Lenz** (born March 4, 1953) is an American actress and former child performer. She has worked mainly in television. She has received two Emmy Awards. She played Jane in *American Graffiti*. She also played Maggie Zombro in *Reasonable Doubts*. 

She was born in Los Angeles, California.

## References
Old Calendarists

**Old Calendarists** is the name of traditionalist Eastern Orthodox churches which have splintered from their church due to their church adopting the revised Julian calendar.They are also well known as the "Greek True Orthodox" movement. There are significant populations in Greece, Bulgaria, and Romania

## References
Marmoset

The **marmosets** are a group of New World monkeys.
There are 22 marmoset species in four genera. All are in the biological family Callitrichidae. The term *marmoset* is also used in reference to the Goeldi's marmoset, *Callimico goeldii*, which is closely related.

Most marmosets are about  long. Compared to other monkeys, they have some primitive features. They have claws rather than nails, they lack wisdom teeth, and their brain layout seems to be relatively primitive. Their body temperature is unusually variable, changing by up to 4&nbsp;°C (7&nbsp;°F) in a day.  Marmosets are native to South America and have been found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru. They have also been spotted in Central America.

Marmosets have germline chimerism. This is not known to occur in nature in any primates except this family.

Marmosets are highly active, living in the upper canopy of forest trees, and feeding on insects, fruit and leaves.  They have long lower incisors, which allow them to chew holes in tree trunks and branches to harvest the gum inside; some species are specialised feeders on gum.

Marmosets live in family groups of three to 15. There are one or two breeding females, an unrelated male, offspring and other family members and unrelated individuals. Their mating systems are highly variable and include monogamy, polygyny and occasionally polyandry.

## References
Ray Charles (musician, born 1918)

**Charles Raymond Offenberg** (September 13, 1918 – April 6, 2015), better known as **Ray Charles**, was an American singer, songwriter, musician, conductor, and vocal arranger. He was best known as the organizer and leader of the Ray Charles Singers (who were featured on Perry Como's television series, radio shows, and records for 35 years).

On April 6, 2015, Charles died in Beverly Hills, California of natural causes at the age of 96.

## References
Jayakanthan

**Jayakanthan** (; 24 April 1934 – 8 April 2015) was a Tamil writer, essayist, journalist, pamphleteer, filmmaker and critic.  He was a recipient of both Jnanpith and Sahitya Akademi awards.

## References
Fresh Horses (album)

***Fresh Horses*** is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released on November 21, 1995. *Fresh Horses* peaked at #2 on the *Billboard* 200 chart, and #1 on the Top Country Albums chart.

The album had a worldwide radio ban until it was available to buy. Only the two singles issued ("She's Every Woman" and "The Fever") were allowed to be played before this date, the latter of which was a new country-rock version of an old Aerosmith song. Through 2006, approximately 7 million copies have been sold in the U.S.

## Background
Brooks commented on the album saying:

"''Everyone was expecting this album to be pop. Everyone said we were leaving (country). For the first time ever, I was involved (in writing) in eight of the 10 cuts, so it's a huge reflection of myself. It's the things I enjoy singing about. I got to sing about the band on the road, I got to sing about cowboys, and more importantly, the women who put up with those cowboys.'''

## Track listing
#"The Old Stuff" (Bryan Kennedy, Dan Roberts, Garth Brooks) – 4:12
#"Cowboys and Angels" (Kent Blazy, Kim Williams, Brooks) – 3:16
#"The Fever" (Steven Tyler, Joe Perry, Roberts, Kennedy) – 2:40
#"That Ol' Wind" (Leigh Reynolds, Brooks) – 5:22
#"Rollin'" (Harley Allen, Reynolds, Brooks) – 4:07
#"The Change" (Tony Arata, Wayne Tester) – 4:06
#"The Beaches of Cheyenne" (Roberts, Kennedy, Brooks) – 4:13
#"It's Midnight Cinderella" (Williams, Blazy, Brooks) – 2:23
#"She's Every Woman" (Victoria Shaw, Brooks) – 2:53
#”Ireland" (Stephanie Davis, Jenny Yates, Brooks) – 5:01

“The Limited Series” (1998) of the album inserted a cover of Bob Dylan’s “To Make You Feel My Love” between tracks 7 and 8.

## Chart performance
***Fresh Horses*** peaked at #2 on the U.S. *Billboard* 200, and peaked #1 on the Top Country Albums, becoming his sixth #1 Country album. In November 2006, ***Fresh Horses*** was certified 7 x Platinum by the RIAA.

### Album
### Sales and Certifications
### Singles
### Other charted songs
### Chart Successions
## Personnel
*Garth Brooks - lead vocals

### Additional musicians
*Susan Ashton - backing vocals
*Sam Bacco - percussion
*Bruce Bouton - steel guitar
*Mark Casstevens - acoustic guitar
*Mike Chapman - bass guitar
*Ed Foote - hurdy-gurdy
*Rob Hajacos - fiddle
*Gordon Kennedy - electric guitar
*Chris Leuzinger - electric guitar
*Jimmy Mattingly - fiddle
*Bobby Wood - piano, organ, keyboards
*Leigh Reynolds - acoustic guitar
*Milton Sledge - drums, percussion
*Trisha Yearwood - backing vocals

## References
Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

**Simeon Borisov Saxe-Coburg-Gotha**, **Tsar Simeon II** or **King Simeon II of Bulgaria** (; born 16 June 1937) is an important political and royal figure in Bulgaria. During his reign as the Tsar of Bulgaria from 1943 to 1946 he was a minor, the monarchical leader. He also served as the 48th Prime Minister of Bulgaria.

## Other websites
* King Simeon II
* The first website about Simeon II of Bulgaria focuses on his pre-1995 history
**Financial Times* July 2001 Biography
*Saxe-Coburg-Gotha's address, 10 February 2005  concerning amending the constitution to bring it in line with EU requirements
*Saxe-Coburg-Gotha's statement, 5 July 2002  concerning Bulgaria's candidacy for NATO membership: "The role of the international community should be gradually transformed from crisis response to integration. Palliative measures intended to mitigate yet another crisis cannot bring stability and prosperity. The best solution is the region's integration into the European and Euroatlantic institutions."
Conversion therapy

**Conversion therapy** is treatment to change a person from homosexual to heterosexual. Such treatments have been criticized for being a form of pseudoscience. Conversion therapy has been controversial in some countries, including the United States.

The American Psychiatric Association has criticized the treatments. They say the treatments are unreliable.

The highest-profile contemporary supporters for conversion therapy are Christian fundamentalists and other religious organizations. This therapy has been ridiculed by critics as "pray the gay away".

Use of the therapy on minors is not allowed in New Jersey, California and Washington D.C..

## References
## Related pages
*Corrective rape
*Homophobia
Madam C. J. Walker

**Sarah Breedlove** (December 23, 1867 &ndash; May 25, 1919), known as **Madam C. J. Walker**, was an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. She was said to be the first female self-made millionaire in America. When she died her estate was worth  $600,000 (worth about $8 million today). So this may not have been entirely true. She ed and marketed a successful line of beauty and hair products for black women. She started the company Madame C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company. She died May 25, 1919 of hypertension in Irvington, New York at the age of 51.

## Early life 
On December 23, 1867, Sarah Breedlove was born on a plantation near the village of Delta, Louisiana. She was the fifth child born to recently freed slaves, Owen and Minerva. She was their first child born free. Her mother died in 1874 and her father died in 1875.

## Early career 
In the 1890s Breedlove began losing her hair due to a scalp condition. She began experimenting with home made cures. At the 1904 World's Fair Breedlove met Annie (Turnbow) Malone. This freed Walker to begin selling her product door-to-door. She gave presentations to church groups wherever she could. In 1908 she started her own college in Pittsburgh to train her salespeople. No women were included on the schedule of speakers. Walker got up and took the podium from Booker T. Washington who was . She told her story and why women should be included. At the fourteenth convention she was on the schedule of speakers. She had the ability to inspire others.

Walker was a leader and a role model in the black community. She was one of the first female African Americans to create hair care products for black women. This was at a time when almost all products where for white people. The goal of her starting her business was to make female African Americans feel better about themselves. They could feel better about their appearance by using her products. Walker re-invented hair straightening just for black people. Her way of making money helped her and also got her employees out of poverty. Whenever they would make a sale for her they would get a certain percentage of the money. She did get some criticism from other black leaders. Booker T. Washington criticized her for making black women look like white women. He did not like skin bleaching and straightened hair. But she stated that the crucial ingredients for her hair care products came from Africa.

## Notes 
## References
Biomedical Primate Research Centre

The **Biomedical Primate Research Center** (**BPRC**) is Europe's largest primate research center. It is a scientific research institute that performs research that contributes to the identification and development of new medicines against deadly diseases. The center is located in Rijswijk, (Zuid-Holland).

BPRC employs about 110 people.

## Other websites
* The official homepage of the Biomedical Primate Research Center

## References
Màrius Serra

**Màrius Serra i Roig** (May 1, 1963, Barcelona, Catalonia) is a Spanish writer. He is also a journalist. He has won several writing prizes. He is a graduate in English philology studies. In 2006 he won the most important prize in Catalonia for writing his novel *Farsa* (Catalan for *Farce*): the Ramon Llull Prize. He was also a presenter on a television show about books (named *Alexandria*) in *Canal 33* in Catalonia. Màrius is a writer on Avui newspaper (Catalonia). Serra is also on a radio program of *Radio Nacional de España*.

## Works
.]]

### Short Stories
*1987 Linia (Line)
*1988 Amnèsia (Amnesia)
*1991 Tres és massa (Three it is too much)
*1993 Contagi (Infection)
*1998 La Vida normal (The normal life)

### Novels
*1990 L’home del sac (The bag man)
*1996 Mon oncle (My uncle)
*1999 Ablanatanalba
*2003 Monocle
*2006 Farsa (Farce)
*2008 Quiet
*2013 Plans de futur (Future plans)

### Essays
*2004 De com s'escriu una novel·la
*2007 Enviar i Rebre

### Criticism and literary studies
*2004 de com s’escriu una novel·la (How to write a novel)

## References 
## Other websites
Jirair Sefilian

**Jirair Sefilian** (Ժիրայր Սեֆիլյան; born 10 July 1967) is an Armenian military commander and political activist. He is one of the leaders of Armenian  and the head of Founding Parliament opposition group. Since April 8, 2015 he is under arrest and recognized as a political prisoner.

## Biography
In 1990 Sefilian arrived in Armenia and d in the Karabakh War. Sefilian became the commander of the *Shushi* special military commando, playing a significant  during the Battle of Shusha. Sefilian was awarded with the First Degree Order of the Combat Cross.  

## Other websites
*Biography
Nina Companeez

**Nina Companeez** (born 26 August 1937 &ndash; 9 April 2015) was a French screenwriter and film director. She was known for her movies *The Horseman on the Roof*, *Adorable menteuse*, and *The Diary of an Innocent Boy*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Geoffrey Lewis

**Geoffrey Bond Lewis** (July 31, 1935 – April 7, 2015) was an American character actor. Lewis was known for his movie roles alongside Robert Redford and Clint Eastwood.

## Personal life
Lewis was born in San Diego, California. He was married to Glenis Batley from 1973 until they divorced in 1975, Then he was married to Paula Hochhallter until his death in 2015. One of his daughters is actress-singer Juliette Lewis.

## Career
Lewis worked many times with actor-director Clint Eastwood in several movies. They were *Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil*, *Pink Cadillac*, *Any Which Way You Can*, *Bronco Billy*, *Every Which Way but Loose*, *Thunderbolt and Lightfoot* and *High Plains Drifter*. He is also part of the musical story-telling group Celestial Navigations.

## Death
On April 7, 2015, Lewis died of natural causes in his Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California home, aged 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Official Website for Celestial Navigations
Georg Simon Ohm

**Georg Simon Ohm** (16 March 1789 - 6 July 1854) was a German physicist and mathematician. During part of the time in his life, Ohm worked as a school teacher.  Some of his research focused on the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using equipment he had created himself, Ohm found that there is a direct proportionality between the potential difference (voltage) applied across a conductor and the resultant electric current. This relationship is known as Ohm's law.

In 1881, after his death, the  SI unit for electrical resistance was named *Ohm* in his honour. The uppercase Greek letter Omega (Ω) is used for the unit.
Ground meat

**Ground meat** (also known as **minced meat **) is meat that is finely chopped by a meat grinder or a chopping knife.

## References
Dred Scott v. Sandford

**Dred Scott v. Sandford**, , was a US Supreme Court landmark decision. In March 1857, the court ruled that blacks, whether slaves, or free, were not citizens of the United States. They could not, therefore, sue in federal court. because of its racism, judicial activism, bad evidence, and being part of why the Civil War happened.

The Dred Scott case, which denied Scott his freedom by ruling that blacks were not US citizens, was the end of years of legal cases from 1846 to 1857 in lower federal district court and Missouri courts, which had granted Dred Scott freedom for about two years.

## Background
Dr. John Emerson was a surgeon serving in the US Army. In 1833, he purchased Dred Scott, a slave in Missouri. The same year, he moved to Illinois and took Scott with him. Scott, his slave, went with him.

While living in Wisconsin Territory (now Minnesota), Scott met and married Harriet Robinson.

In 1843, Emerson died in Missouri. Scott and his family were left to Emerson's wife, Eliza Sandford. Furthermore, he stated that the US Congress could not make laws against slavery in United States territories.

Soon after the 1857 decision, Eliza Sandford sold Scott and his family to Taylor Blow. The other three are:
* *Chisholm v. Georgia*, which was overturned by passage of the Eleventh Amendment. The Court said it did not. The passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, 45 years later, gave women the right to vote. However, *Minor v. Happersett* was still cited as case law into the 1960s in other right to vote issues.

## Related pages 
* Slavery
* American Civil War
* Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
* Smith v. Allwright

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 1857 Dred Scott decision
* Essays on Fairness Of The Dred Scott Decision
Jovian

**Jovian** (1994 – November 10, 2014) was a Coquerel's sifaka lemur, best known for mainly portraying Zoboomafoo in the series of the same name. On November 10, 2014, Jovian died at his home in the Duke Lemur Center of renal failure at age 20.

Jovian was born in the spring of 1994 at the Duke Lemur Center to parents Nigel and Flavia.

## References
Ground beef

**Ground beef** is a ground meat made of beef. it is used in many recipes including hamburgers and cottage pie.

## References
Yū Aoi

is a Japanese actress and model. Aoi was best known for her roles in films *All About Lily Chou-Chou* (2001), *Hana and Alice* (2004), *Honey & Clover* (2006), *Hula Girls* (2006), *Rainbow Song* (2006), *Welcome to the Quiet Room* (2007), *Vampire* (2011) and *Rurouni Kenshin* (2012).

She has won many awards for her performances on screen, including the Japan Academy Prize and Kinema Junpo Awards for best supporting actress in 2007 for *Hula Girls* and Rookie of the Year for continued performances in the field of *Films in Media and Fine Arts* by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan in 2009.

## References 
## Other websites
*
*Official website
Peter Walsh (Australian politician)

**Peter Alexander Walsh** (11 March 1935 – 10 April 2015) was an Australian  senator and Labor politician from 1974 to 1993. e was elected to the Australian Senate in 1974, and served as Minister for Resources and Energy from 1983 to 1984 and Finance Minister from 1984 to 1990.  He was noted for his pro-free market views.

Walsh died at a hospital in Perth after a short illness on 10 April 2015, aged 80.

## References
National Primate Research Center

The **National Primate Research Centers** is a network of 8 research programs in the United States. It is funded by the National Institutes of Health to conduct biomedical research on primates. Each center is connected to a university or other host institution.

## References
Radiography

**Radiography** is the name for the use of X-rays to see what is happening to parts of the body. It is an imaging technique which uses electromagnetic radiation other than light, usually X-rays. 

To create the image, a beam of X-rays is produced by an X-ray machine and is projected toward the object. A certain amount of X-ray is absorbed by the object, which is dependent on the density and composition of that object. The X-rays that pass through the object are captured behind the object by a detector (either photographic film or a digital detector). The detector gives a superimposed 2D representation of the object's internal structures. 

## Tomography 
Tomography is a more advanced way of using X-rays. In tomography, the machine blurs out structures not in the focal plane. This gives a series of pictures, like a set of slices through the body. It is called **CT scanning**, or computer tomography. The computer builds a 3-D picture for the expert to look at.

Radiography has many medical and industrial uses.
Smail Prevljak

**Smail Prevljak** (born 16 February 1995) is a Bosnian professional footballer. Heplays as a forward for  the Croatian side NK Nistra.

## Club career
As a young player, he played for FK Igman Konjic and RB Leipzig. He was part of the RB Leipzig team that won promotion to the Under 19 Bundesliga for the 2014–15 season. He was signed on a two-year contract by RB Leipzig on 1 July 2014. He made his debut on 2 August 2014, in a 0–0 draw against VfR Aalen.

On 1 September 2014, he went on loan to FC Liefering. He made his full-match debut in a 5–2 lost against SC Austria Lustenau on 26 September 2014.  He scored his first goal for the club, in a 4–1 win against FC Wacker Innsbruck on 3 October 2014. Despite an injury, he was the leading scorer of FC Liefering (12 goals in the season as of April 2014)

On 9 November 2014 he made his debut for the first team of Salzburg. He came on in minute 62 in the league match against SCR Altach. After loans to SV Mattersburg and KAS Eupen he left Salzburg in 2020 and joined KAS Eupen in the Belgian First League. AAugust 2020  he was signed permanently by Eupen and received a contract running until June 2023. KAS Eupen announced then  that they would not be extending his expiring contract.  In the summer of 2023, Prevljak signed a two-year contract with Hertha BSC.  He then left the club and moved to Croatia to play for NK Istra 1961. 

He holds a Bosnian passport and played for Bosnia U21 and the national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Bosnia and Herzegovina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Prevljak goal.''

## Honours
**Red Bull Salzburg**
*Austrian Bundesliga: 2018–19
*Austrian Cup: 2018–19

## References
The Place Beyond the Pines

***The Place Beyond the Pines*** is a 2012 American crime drama movie. It was directed by Derek Cianfrance and it was produced by Lynette Howell, Sidney Kimmel, Alex Orlovsky, and Jamie Patricof.

The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 80% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Kevin Jagernauth of Indiewire gave a positive review and said that it was a "ambitious epic that is cut from some of the same thematic tissue as Cianfrance's previous film, but expands the scope into a wondrously widescreen tale of fathers, sons and the legacy of sins that are passed down through the generations".

## Cast 
* Ryan Gosling as Luke Glanton
* Bradley Cooper as Avery Cross
* Eva Mendes as Romina Gutierrez
* Ray Liotta as Peter Deluca
* Ben Mendelsohn as Robin Van Der Zee
* Rose Byrne as Jennifer Cross
* Mahershala Ali as Kofi
* Bruce Greenwood as Bill Killcullen
* Dane DeHaan as Jason Cankam
* Emory Cohen as A. J. Cross
* Harris Yulin as Al Cross
* Robert Clohessy as Chief Weirzbowski
* Olga Merediz as Malena

## References
## Other websites 
*
Richie Benaud

**Richard "Richie" Benaud** OBE (; 6 October 1930 – 10 April 2015) was an Australian cricketer. After his retirement from international cricket in 1964, he became a well-known commentator on the game.

## Early life
Benaud was born in Penrith, New South Wales. His parents were of French descent. He was raised in Sydney. Benaud studied at Parramatta High School.

## Career
Benaud was a Test cricket all-rounder. Along with fellow bowling all-rounder Alan Davidson, he helped Australia to be at the top of world cricket in the late 1950s and early 1960s after a slump in the early 1950s. In 1958 he became Australia's Test captain until his retirement in 1964.

## Illness and death
In November 2014, Benaud announced that he was diagnosed with skin cancer, aged 84. He died in his sleep on 10 April 2015 in Sydney. Prime Minister of Australia Tony Abbott offered a state funeral for Benaud, but his family rejected the offer.

## Books
* *The Way of Cricket* (1961)
* *A Tale of Two Tests* (1962)
* *Spin Me a Spinner* (1963)
* *The New Champions* (1966)
* *Willow Patterns* (1969)
* *Test Cricket* (1982)
* *World Series Cup Cricket 1981–82* (1982)
* *The Hottest Summer* (1983)
* *The Ashes 1982–83* (1983)
* *Benaud on reflection* (1984)
* *The Appeal of Cricket* (1995)
* *Anything But* (1998)
* *My Spin on Cricket* (2005)
* *Over But Not Out* (2010)

## References
## Other websites
*HowSTAT! statistical profile on Richie Benaud
Subsidiary alliance

**Subsidiary alliance** is a system developed by the East India Company by Lord Wellesley. It solved the problem of ruling a nation which is under the rule of a king. 

Some of the rules of the subsidiary alliance were:
* An Indian ruler entering into a subsidiary alliance with the British had to accept British forces in his  territory and also agreed to pay for their maintenance.
*
* Such a ruler would not form an alliance with any other power, nor would he declare war against any power without the permission of the British.
* The ruler would not employ any Europeans other than the British, and if he were already doing so, he would dismiss them.
* In case of a conflict with any other state, the British would decide what to do, and he would accept their solution.
* The ruler would acknowledge the East India Company as the power in India.
* In return for the ruler accepting its conditions, the Company undertook to protect the state from external dangers and internal disorders.
* If the Indian rulers failed to make the payments required by the alliance, then part of their territory was to be taken away as a penalty.
Under this doctrine, Indian rulers under British protection surrendered the control of their foreign affairs to the British. Most disbanded their native armies, instead maintaining British troops within their states to protect them from attack. As British power grew, in most parts of India this became increasingly unlikely. The system also allowed the British to maintain their army at the expense of local rulers.
De La Trémoille family

The **House of La Trémoille** is an old French family which takes its name from a village (now La Trimouille) in western France. They are related to the Princely Family of Ligne. The family has been known since the middle of the 11th century, and since the 14th century its members have been important in French history.

The main line were known as the Viscounts of Thouars (they were made dukes in 1563),  who also used the title Prince of Talmont as well as Prince of Tarente. Men in the family also used the title of Dukes of La Trémoille but more often than not Duke of Thouars  was used.

## Dukes of Thouars
*The heir to the title was usually called the Prince of Talmont. 

# 1541-1577: Louis de la Trémoille married Jeanne de Montmorency.
# 1577-1604: Claude de la Trémoille married Charlotte Brabantine of Orange.
# 1604-1668: Henri de La Trémoille married Marie de La Tour d'Auvergne.
# 1668-1672: Henri Charles de La Trémoille married Amélie de Hesse-Cassel.
# 1674-1709: Charles Belgique Hollande de La Trémoille married Madeleine de Créquy.
# 1709-1719: Charles Louis Bretagne de La Trémoille married Marie Madeleine Motier de La Fayette.
# 1719-1741: Charles Armand René de La Trémoille married Marie Hortense de La Tour d'Auvergne.
# 1741-1792: Jean Bretagne Charles de La Trémoille married Marie Geneviève de Durfort then Marie Maximiliane zu Salm-Kyrburg.
# 1792-1839: Charles Bretagne Marie de La Trémoille married Louise Emmanuelle de Châtillon then Valentine Eugénie Joséphine Walsh de Serrant.
# 1839-1911: Louis Charles de La Trémoille. married Marguerite Tanneguy de Duchâtel.
# 1911-1921: Louis Charles Marie de La Trémoille  married Helene Marie Leonie Pillet-Will.
# 1921-1933: Louis Jean Marie de La Trémoille son of the above but died without children.
Jin Youzhi

**Jin Youzhi** (17 August 1918 – 10 April 2015), also known as **Aisin Gioro Puren**, was the fourth and youngest son of Zaifeng. He was the last surviving sibling of Puyi, the final ruler of the Qing Dynasty and last Emperor of China.

Youzhi was born in the Prince Chun Mansion in Shichahai, Beijing.

## References
Judith Malina

**Judith Malina** (June 4, 1926 – April 10, 2015) was a German-born American theatre and movie actress, writer, and director. 

Malina was born in Kiel and moved to New York City at age three.

She co-founded The Living Theatre. She was active during the 1960s and 1970s. She was known for her roles as Sonny's mother in *Dog Day Afternoon*, Rose in *Awakenings* and as Paulie Gualtieri's mother in *The Sopranos*.

Malina died of lung disease at her home in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
*The Living Theatre official site
*
Alexander Dalgarno

**Alexander Dalgarno** FRS (January 5, 1928 – April 9, 2015) was a British physicist. He was a Phillips Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University. He worked in theoretical chemistry, scattering theory, atmospheric physics & chemistry and astrophysics. He was known as the "father of molecular astrophysics".

## References
## Other websites
* Interview with Alexander Dalgarno 
* A volume honouring Alexander Dalgarno
* His International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science page
* Autobiographical article in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics
John Papit

**John Michael Papit** (July 25, 1928 – April 6, 2015) was an American football halfback in the National Football League. He played for the Washington Redskins and the Green Bay Packers.  He played college football at the University of Virginia and was drafted in the seventh round of the 1951 NFL Draft. 

## Other websites
*Just Sports Stats
Jim Mutscheller

'''Jim 'Bucky' Mutscheller'* (March 31, 1930 – April 10, 2015) was an American football player. He played tight end for nine seasons for the Baltimore Colts. He was born in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania.

Mutscheller played football, basketball, and baseball at Beaver Falls High School, and three seasons of varsity football at Notre Dame under coach Frank Leahy from 1949 to 1951, including on the 1949 national championship team. 

Mutscheller played both defensive end and offense for the Fighting Irish, and served as team captain his senior year.

Mutscheller died of kidney failure in Towson, Maryland, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Klingaman, Mike. "Catching Up With...Former Colt Jim Mutscheller," *The Toy Department* (*The Baltimore Sun'' sports blog), Tuesday, September 15, 2009. 
* Gallery of Jim Mutscheller football cards
Ray Graves

**Samuel Ray Graves** (December 31, 1918 &ndash; April 10, 2015) was an American college and professional football player and college football coach.  

Graves was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. He studied at the University of Tennessee, where he played college football.  Graves was best known as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team of the University of Florida. He served twenty years as the athletic director of the university.

Graves died in Clearwater, Florida, aged 96.

## References
## Other websites
*Photos of Ray Graves from the University of Florida Digital Collections
*Oral History Interview with Ray Graves by the Samuel Proctor Oral History Program
Michael Kiessou

**Anacle Michael Ghounam Kiessou**, better known by his stage name **Michael Kiessou** He became popular with his song *Bennam*. The song was on his debut EP, *Partage*, released on April 2, 2014.

## Discography
### EPs 
**Partage* (2014)

### Singles 
**Demoiselle* (2012)
**Abele* (2013)
**Bennam* (2014)
**Tourner les reins* (2014)
**Wopalilo(Sagat Sagat) feat C-Prime * (2015) 

### Collaborations
**Zeng Zeng - Jemmy Sev* (2015)
**KDT - HMG feat Dynastie le tigre, Yvich* (2015) (TBD)

## Awards and nominations 
;Canal 2'Or Act 10 ( Canal 2 International Awards )

|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2015
| rowspan="2"|Michael Kiessou
| Best music revelation
| 
|-
| Best video (tourner les reins)
| 
|-

;Greenlight Awards

|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2015
| Michael Kiessou
| Best Male artist
| 
|-

;KR Awards

|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2015
| Michael Kiessou
| Honor Jury Award
| 
|-

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Prosimian

**Prosimians** are a group of proto-primates. It includes:
1. All living and extinct strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorises, and adapiforms), On the other hand, they have survived. Therefore we know that their life-style is not directly competitive to that of the higher primates.

First, they are primarily carnivorous. They mainly eat insects, not fruit. They lack full colour vision: they are red-green blind (cannot see the difference between red and green). This has a corresponding advantage in that they can see better in the dark. This is also true of many placental mammals, and for the same reason. Mammals spent long periods as nocturnal animals during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

Prosimians are not a clade (a group of an ancestor and all its descendants), but a convenient term. It is useful to compare their behaviour with that of later primates. Prosimians are not large-brained compared to other placental mammals. They are fairly intelligent animals. However, their brains are much smaller than those of simians of similar size.

Prosimians are the only primates native to Madagascar, and are also found throughout Africa and in Asia.

## References 
**Notes**
Adapiformes

**Adapiformes** are an extinct group of early primates. Adapiformes radiated throughout much of the northern continental mass, reaching as far south as northern Africa and tropical Asia. They lived from the Eocene to the Miocene epochs.  Some adapiformes looked similar to living lemurs.

Adapiformes are known from the fossil record only, and it is unclear whether they form a monophyletic or paraphyletic group. When assumed to be a clade, they are usually grouped under the "wet-nosed" taxon Strepsirrhini, which would make them more closely related to the lemurs and less so to the "dry-nosed" Haplorhini taxon that includes monkeys and apes.

In 2009, Franzen and colleagues put the newly described genus *Darwinius* as a stem "missing link" between Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini. Later work on the *Darwinius* fossil by Erik Seiffert and colleagues rejected this "missing link" idea. They classify *Darwinius* and other adapiformes as Strepsirrhini.

## Fossil record 
The fossil record of the Adapiformes is quite considerable. The fossils are first found in the earliest Eocene, 55 million years ago (mya). They lived in four continents (North America, Africa, Europe and Asia). The Eocene was when the Earth was much warmer than today, with extensive tropical forests, far more so than today. The widespread remains have a much earlier origin, and molecular clock dates suggest that primates evolved more than 80–90 mya, nearly 40 million years before appearing in the fossil record.

## References
Hayle

**Hayle** is a small town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is at the mouth of Hayle River. The river flows into St. Ives Bay. Hayle is about  northeast of Penzance.

## References
Joan Carreras i Goicoechea

**Joan Carreras i Goicoechea** (born in Barcelona, 1962) is a Catalan journalist, screenwriter, and writer.  He is a professor in the Faculty of Communication at Blanquerna. He teaches digital journalism. He worked for ten years at the broadcasting company Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals. He was the director of Canal 33. He was also the manager of the program *Info-K*. At television channel 324.cat he tried out new formats and digital narratives. He has also worked for many newspapers, such as *Avui*, *Diari de Barcelona* and *El Temps*. In 2014, he received the Premi Sant Jordi de novel·la for his novel ''L'àguila negra* (The black eagle).

## Works 
### Story collections 
* 1990 — *Les oques van descalces* (Quaderns Crema)
* 1993 — *La bassa del gripau* (Quaderns Crema)

### Novels 
* 1998 — *La gran nevada* (Empúries)
* 2003 — *Qui va matar el Floquet de Neu* (Empúries)
* 2009 — *L'home d'origami* (Amsterdam)
* 2012 — *Carretera secundària* (Proa)
* 2013 — *Cafè Barcelona* (Proa)
* 2015 — *L'àguila negra*

## Awards and honours  
* 2012 - Premis Literaris de Cadaqués - Carles Rahola de periodisme. Postals de la nostàlgia des de Cadaqués
* 2014 - Premi Ciutat de Barcelona of Catalan literature for his book *Cafè Barcelona*
* 2014 - Premi Sant Jordi de novel·la by his book *L'àguila negra''

## Notes 
## Other websites
*
John de Lancie

**John Sherwood de Lancie, Jr.** (born March 20, 1948) is an American actor, director, producer, writer, educator, sailor, voice artist, and comedian, best known for his role of Q in *Star Trek: The Next Generation* (1987–present) and as the voice of Discord in *My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic* (2010–2019). He is also known for his quite deep, resonant voice. De Lancie performed in *Days of Our Lives* (1982–1986; 1989–1990) as Eugene Bradford.

De Lancie was featured in several roles on television series, including Frank Simmons in *Stargate SG-1* (2001–2002) and Donald Margolis in *Breaking Bad* (2009–2010). He is noted for his public support of bronies of the *My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic* fandom.

## Early life
De Lancie was born **John Sherwood de Lancie, Jr.** in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 20, 1948 to John and Andrea de Lancie.

## Career
De Lancie attended Kent State University and the Juilliard School.

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
*
Sebastià Alzamora i Martín

**Sebastià Alzamora i Martín** (born in Mallorca, 6 March 1972) is a writer and literary critic.

## Biography
Alzamora studied from Balearic Islands University with a degree in Catalan philology. He gained popularity after releasing a book of poetry called *Rafel* (1994).  *Rafel* won the Premi Salvador Espriu. He is also the author of *Apoteosi* *del Cercle* (1997), *Mula Morta* (2001), and *El Benestar* (2003).

As a narrator, he has published ''L'extinció* (1999), *Sara i Jeremies* (2002), *La Pell i la Princesa* (2005), *Nit de L'ànima* (2007), *Miracle a Llucmajor* (2010), and *Dos Amics de Vint Anys* (2013). He wrote an essay about Gabriel Janer Manila called *L'escriptura del Foc* (1998). He also helped create *Imparables, Una antologia* (2004), and published *Dogmàtica Imparable* (2005) with Héctor Bofill and Manuel Forcano. Since December 2007, he has been director of the magazine *Cultura*.

## Awards
* 1994: Premi Salvador Espriu for *Rafel*
* 1996: Premi Bartomeu Rosselló-Pòrcel of Premis 31 de desembre of Obra Cultural Balear.
* 1999: Premi Documenta de narrativa
* 2002: Premi Ciutat de Palma for *Sara i Jeremies*
* 2003: Premi Jocs Florals de Barcelona for *El Benestar*
* 2005: Premi Josep Pla de narrativa for *La pell i la princesa*
* 2008: Premi Carles Riba de poesia for *La part visible*
* 2011: Premi Sant Jordi, for *Crim de sang''

## References
Emili Rosales i Castellà

**Emili Rosales i Castellà** is a Catalan writer and editor. He began in the field of poetry, but quickly changed to writing novels. After publishing three books in four years, he dedicated five years to publish the fifth. The effort was rewarded when *La ciutat invisible* won the Sant Jordi award. It received good reviews. The novel has been translated to Spanish.

Rosales has also worked as a translator. He has been a literature professor. Occasionally he publishes book s in the press. He is the editorial director of Grup 62 (a publishing house) and Destino.

His works have been translated to German, English, Spanish, French, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian and Chinese.

## Work
### Poetry
* 1989 — *Ciutats i mar*
* 1991 — *Els dies i tu*

### Novels
* 1995 — *La casa de la platja*
* 1997 — *Els amos del món*
* 1999 — *Mentre Barcelona dorm*
* 2005 — *La ciutat invisible*

## Awards
* 2004 — Sant Jordi for *La ciutat invisible*

## References
Borderlands 2

***Borderlands 2*** is a first-person shooter video game that was developed by Gearbox Software and published by 2K Games. It is the sequel to the 2009 video game *Borderlands*. The game follows the story of *Vault Hunters* on the planet Pandora, as one of four classes: Salvador The *Gunzerker*, Zer0 The *Assassin*, Maya The *Siren* or Axton The *Commando*. Downloadable content was also released for the game, later being included in a Game of the Year edition. A version for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One was released with *Borderlands: The Handsome Collection*. As of March 25, 2015, the game has sold 12 million copies.

## Sequel
A prequel game, called *Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel* was released on October 14, 2014. This takes place before *Borderlands 2* and *Borderlands*. A true sequel for the game, *Borderlands 3*, was released in 2019.

## References
Ramon Solsona i Sancho

**Ramon Solsona i Sancho** (born February 7, 1950 in Barcelona) is a Catalan writer and journalist. He has a degree in Romance Philology from the University of Barcelona. He is also a high school teacher. Is known for his ironic style. He is a regular  to newspapers such as *El Punt* and *La Vanguardia*. He currently contributes to the radio program *El Matí de Catalunya Ràdio*. He also contributes to *Catalunya Ràdio* and *RAC 1.*

## Career
He has also been a poet (satirist) under the pseudonym *Lo Gaiter del Besòs*. His novel *Les hores detingudes* won three literary awards in the same year. His work has been translated into Spanish and French. For television, he has worked as a writer for the series *Agència de viatges,* ''Estació d'enllaç* and *El cor de la ciutat*. These were broadcast by TV3. He was co-author of the theme song of Futbol Club Barcelona (1998). In 2010 he received the premi Sant Jordi de novel·la for his book *L'home de la maleta*.

## Works 
### Short stories 
* 1991: *Llibreta de vacances*
* 2006: *Cementiri de butxaca*
 
### Novels
* 1989: *Figures de calidoscopi*
* 1993: *Les hores detingudes*
* 1998: *DG*
* 1999: *No tornarem mai més*
* 2001: *El cor de la ciutat*
* 2004: *Línia blava*
* 2011: *L'home de la maleta*

### Poetry 
* 1989: *Sac de gemecs*
 
### Nonfiction 
* 1995: *Ull de bou*
* 1995 *Ull de vaca*
* 2005: *A paraules em convides''

## Notes 
## Other websites
*Ramon Solsona at the website of Associació d'Escriptors en Llengua Catalana (AELC).
Ante Roguljic

**Ante Rogulic** (born 11 March 1996 in Split, Croatia) is Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Liefering in the Austrian Football First League.
## Club career
As a youth, he played for NK Omladinac Vranjic and Adriatic Split. He went to F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in 2013. He was also player of FC Liefering, the second team of Red Bull Salzburg. His debut for Liefering was on 2 August 2013  in a 4-1 home win against ESV Parndorf For the first team he made his debut on 11 November 2014, in a 2-0 victory against Admira Wacker Mödling.

## International Career
He played for Croatias U17, U18, U19 and U21 team. Roguljic is captain of the U19 team.
## References
Janusz Kurczab

**Janusz Kurczab** (6 September 1937 &ndash; 11 April 2015) was a Polish fencer, mountaineer and expedition leader. He competed in team épée events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Warsaw, Poland.

## References
Lars Tunbjörk

**Lars Tunbjörk** (15 February 1956 – 8 April 2015) was a Swedish photographer. He was known for taking pictures of the Swedish landscape and landmarks. He was born in Borås, Sweden.

Tunbjörk died on 8 April 2015. His death was announced on 11 April. No cause of death was given. He was 59 years old.

## References
## Other websites
Xavier Bosch i Sancho

**Xavier Bosch i Sancho** (born July 21, 1967 in Barcelona) is a Catalan writer and journalist. Bosch and Antoni Bassas created the program *Alguna pregunta més?* at Catalunya Ràdio. He received an Ondas award for that program. He worked at *La Vanguardia*, *TV3* and *RAC 1* in sports. He was the director of the newspaper  *Avui* from 2007 to 2008.

## Works 
### Short stories 
* *Jo, el simolses*, Barcelona: La Magrana, 1992.
* *Estimat diari* (with Lloll Bertran, Antoni Bassas), Barcelona: La Magrana, 1996.
* *Vicis domèstics*, Barcelona: La Magrana, 1998. 

### Novel 
* *La màgia dels reis*, Barcelona: Columna - La Galera, 1994. 
* *Se sabrà tot*, 2009.
* ''Homes d'honor*, Barcelona: Proa, 2012.
* *Eufòria*, 2014.
* *Algú com tu*, 2014

### Teatre 
* *El culékulé*, Barcelona: La Magrana, 1996

## Prizes 
* Premi Ondas 1997 for the humour program *Alguna pregunta més?* 
* Premi Mundo Deportivo de periodisme 1999, for the program *Aquest any, cent!*. 
* Premio Premi APEI-Catalunya (in its sixth edition) for *El món a RAC 1*. 
* Premi Ràdio Associació de Catalunya 2007 in the category of the Best Radio Program for *El món a RAC 1*.
* Premi Sant Jordi for the novel *Se sabrà tot*.
* Premi Ramon Llull 2015 for the novel *Algú com tu''.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Bosch bio at IMDB
Sheila Kitzinger

**Sheila Helena Elizabeth Kitzinger** MBE (29 March 1929 - 11 April 2015) was a British natural childbirth activist and author on childbirth and pregnancy. She was known for being an expert on natural childbirth. She was born in was born in Taunton, Somerset.

Kitzinger died in Oxfordshire, England after a short illness, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
* KITZINGER, Sheila Helena Elizabeth International Who's Who. accessed 4 September 2006.
* *With Women - Midwives Experiences - from shift work to continuity of care*, Ed David Vernon, Australian College of Midwives, 2007 pii
Paul Almond

**Paul Almond** (April 26, 1931 – April 10, 2015) was a Canadian screenwriter, director and producer. He was known for directing *Isabel*, *Journey*, and *The Act of the Heart*. He was born in Montreal, Quebec.

Almond died from complications of heart disease at his home in Malibu, California, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Official site
André Mba Obame

**André Mba Obame** (15 June 1957 &ndash; 12 April 2015) was a Gabonese politician. After serving as an adviser to President Omar Bongo in the 1980s, he was a minister in the government of Gabon from 1990 to 1991 and again from 1997 to 2009.

Obame died in Yaoundé, Cameroon, on 12 April 2015 from a long-illness, aged 57.

## References
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The **Fourteenth Amendment** (**Amendment XIV**) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868. It was one of the Reconstruction Amendments. The amendment discusses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws. It was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. This amendment was bitterly contested. Southern states were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The Fourteenth Amendment is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution. It forms the basis for landmark decisions such as *Roe v. Wade* (1973), and *Bush v. Gore* (2000). It remains the most important Constitutional amendment since the Bill of Rights was passed in 1791.

## Summary 
At the end of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves in southern states. The problem was, it was not approved by Congress, and only applied to states in active rebellion. To properly end the institution of slavery, the Thirteenth Amendment was introduced. It became law in late 1865. Three years later the Fourteenth Amendment provided civil rights. Republicans controlled Congress during this period. They wanted to give full citizenship to freed slaves. But they also realized that giving civil rights to black people, it opened the door for women's suffrage. It would lead to giving women the right to vote, which Congress did not want to do. This gave all Americans the protection of civil rights under the law. It forbids states from denying citizens their life, their liberty or their property without due process. It meant that for the first time all people would have the same protection no matter what their color. The fact that states were mentioned makes them responsible for these protections the same as the federal government. This was for the purpose of determining how many U.S. congressmen a state could have (apportionment). The second section established that every citizen would be counted as one person. Section four said the federal government would not repay Confederate debts. Section five means what it says, Congress will enforce the provisions of the 14th amendment.

## Text
## Related pages 
* Slavery
* Discrimination
* *Dred Scott v. Sandford*
* American Civil War
* Reconstruction of the United States
* Andrew Johnson
* Jim Crow laws
* Civil Rights Act of 1964
* Voting Rights Act of 1965

## References 
## Other websites 
* Jim Crow Stories; The Fourteenth Amendment Ratified (1868)
* Understanding the 14th Amendment