open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bernard Hill

**Bernard Hill** (17 December 1944 &ndash; 5 May 2024) was a British actor. His career began in 1970. 

## Career
Hill was known for playing Yosser Hughes in the British television drama *Boys from the Blackstuff*. He is also known for the roles in movie blockbusters films such as Captain Edward Smith in *Titanic*, King Theoden in *The Lord of the Rings movie series*, and as the Warden of the San Quentin Prison in Clint Eastwood's *True Crime*. For his roles in *Titanic* and *The Lord of the Rings*, Hill had roles in two of the three movies with the most Academy Awards of all time. He is the only actor to appear in two movies with a record 11-Academy Award win.

## Personal life
Hill was born in Blackley, Manchester, England in 17 December 1944. He attended at Xaverian College although back then it was called *The Xaverian School*, and then to the Manchester Polytechnic School of Drama at the same time as Richard Griffiths. He graduated with a diploma in theatre in 1970.

He was married to Marianna Hill and had a son named Gabriel Hill.

In his commentary on *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* (2002) Extended Edition DVD, he admits that during the course of shooting he first broke his sternum, then had his ear slashed open by a sword.

Hill died on 5 May 2024 in Reydon, Suffolk, England at the age of 79.

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Optic nerve

The **optic nerve**, also known as **cranial nerve II** or simply as **CN II**, is one of twelve cranial nerves but is also considered to be part of the central nervous system. It sends information from the retina (the outermost part of the eye) to the brain. The brain forms a picture using the information so that you can see things.
The retina sees the image upside-down and the optic nerve sends it to the brain so it turns it back into normal. 

## References
Aaron Eckhart

**Aaron Edward Eckhart** (born March 22, 1968) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor.

Eckhart became known world-wide in such films as in *Erin Brockovich* (2000), and gained a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor for his role in *Thank You for Smoking* (2006). He is also known for his role as Two-Face in the 2008 summer blockbuster *The Dark Kinght* (2008). Eckhart alongside Nicole Kidman worked in a movie called *Rabbit Hole* (2010)

Eckhart was born in Cupertino, California on March 22, 1968. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Eckhart studied at the American Community School and at the American International School of Sydney. He was once engaged to actress Emily Cline. They separated in 1998. Eckhart now lives in Beverly Hills, California.

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Marion Cotillard

**Marion Cotillard** (born September 30, 1975) is a French stage and movie actress, and singer.

## Career
She made her career well known by roles in such movies as in *La Vie en Rose*, *My Sex Life...or How I Got Into an Argument*, *Taxi*, *Furia*, ''Jeux d'enfants* and *A Very Long Engagement*. She has also appeared in movies like *Big Fish*, *A Good Year*, *Public Enemies*, *Nine*, *Inception*, *Midnight in Paris*, *Contagion*, *The Dark Knight Rises* and *Rust and Bone*.

In 2007, Cotillard starred as a French singer in Édith Piaf in *La Vie en Rose*. For that role she won the Academy Award, the BAFTA Award, the César Award, and the Golden Globe Award for best actress. She made movie history by becoming the first person to win an Academy Award for a French language performance. In 2010 she received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the musical *Nine''.

## Early Life and Family
Cotillard was born in Paris, France on September 30, 1975 to Jean Claude-Cotillard who is an actor, former mime, and a Molière Award-winning director. Cotillard's mother Monique (known as Niseema) Theillaud, is also an actress and a drama teacher. She has two younger twin brothers, Quentin and Guillaume. Guillaume is a screenwriter and director. She began acting during her childhood, appearing on stage for her father's plays.

## Personal life
Cotillard currently lives with her partner Guillaume Canet. Many reports say the couple prefers to live a simple lifestyle, and they are often spotted in cafes and shopping together in Paris. Neither of the two discusses their relationship with the media, although photos of the couple regularly surface in the European tabloids. On May 20, 2011, the couple had their first child called Marcel.

## Filmography
### Feature films
### Short films
### Television
### Voice work
Cotillard has dubbed several films and documentaries in France and in the U.S., and also dubbed in French all of her roles in English-language films.

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Tom Wilkinson

**Thomas Geoffrey "Tom" Wilkinson Jr.** (5 February 1948 &ndash; 30 December 2023) was an English movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He was nominated for an Academy Award, for his roles in *In the Bedroom* and *Michael Clayton*. In 2009, he won Golden Globe and a Primetime Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Film for his role in *John Adams*. Wilkinson was also known for his works in 2005 blockbuster *Batman Begins* and as Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. (the father of President John F. Kennedy). in 2011 miniseries *The Kennedys*.

Wilkinson was born on 5 February 1948 in Wharfedale, West Riding of Yorkshire, England to Thomas Wilkinson Sr. a farmer. Wilkinson was trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts and University of Kent. 

Wilkinson was married to Diana Hardcastle from 1988 until his death. They had two daughters, Alice and Mollie.

Wilkinson died suddenly from cardiac arrest at his home in North London, England on 30 December 2023, at the age of 75.

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Rutger Hauer

**Rutger Oelsen Hauer** (January 23, 1944 – July 19, 2019) was a Dutch stage, television, and movie actor.

## Career
Hauer's career began during the year 1969 with the role in a popular Dutch television series *Floris*, directed by Paul Verhoeven. His notable works include *Flesh & Blood*, *Blind Fury*, *Blade Runner*, *The Hitcher*, *Nighthawks*, *Wedlock*, *Sin City*, *Confessions of a Dangerous Mind*, *Ladyhawke*, *Buffy the Vampire Slayer*, *The Osterman Weekend*, *The Blood of Heroes*, *Batman Begins*, *Hobo with a Shotgun*, *The Rite*, and he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in *Escape from Sobibor*. Hauer was a dedicated environmentalist and founded an AIDS awareness organization, the Rutger Hauer Starfish Association.

## Personal life
Hauer was born on January 23, 1944 in Breukelen, Netherlands. His parents were Arend and Teunuk Hauer, both drama teachers. Hauer was raised in Beetsterzwaag, Netherlands. Hauer lived in Malibu, California, United States. Hauer married Ineke ten Kate in 1985. He had one daughter, Aysha Hauer, with his first wife Heidi Merz.  He was the grandfather of fashion model Leandro Maeder.

Hauer was made a knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 2013.

Hauer died on 19 July 2019 at his home in Beetsterzwaag, Switzerland at the age of 75 after a short-illness.

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*Rutger Hauer at Box Office Mojo
*Rutger Hauer at Virtual History
Naoko Takahashi

is a Japanese athlete.  She is best known as a long-distance runner competing mainly in the marathon.

In 2008, she retired from racing.

## Early life
Takahashi was not a successful runner in high school.  She improved after she graduated from college.

## International competitions
### Timeline
* **1997**: 5000m World Championships, 13th
* **1998**: Bangkok Asian Games, gold medal, Japanese record at the time
* **2000**: Nagoya International Women's Marathon, 1st place
* **2000**: Sydney Olympics, gold medal, current Olympic record
* **2001**: OHME Marathon (30&nbsp;km), Japanese record at the time
* **2001**: Berlin Marathon, 1st place, World Record at the time
* **2002**: Berlin Marathon, 1st
* **2003**: Tokyo International Women's Marathon, 2nd
* **2005**: Tokyo International Women's Marathon, 1st
* **2006**: Tokyo International Women's Marathon, 3rd
* **2008**: Nagoya Marathon, 27th

## Related pages 
* Sports in Japan
* Japan at the Olympics

## References
## Other websites
* Takahashi Naoko at IAAF
Irthington

**Irthington** is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 712 people living in Irthington.

## References
Mustapha Moussa

**Mustapha Moussa** (2 February 1962 &ndash; 3 August 2024) was a boxer from Algeria.

Moussa won the bronze medal in the Light Heavyweight division (75–81&nbsp;kg) at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He was the first Algerian to win an Olympic medal.

Moussa became a professional boxer in 1988.  He was not very successful. He lost his first fight toMauro Galvano. He fought once in 1992 and 2004, losing both fights.

On 3 August 2024, Moussa was killed in a car crash in Oran, Algeria at the age of 62.

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Pat Hingle

**Martin Patterson "Pat" Hingle** (July 19, 1924  January 3, 2009) was an American actor. He played Commissioner James Gordon in the Tim Burton/Joel Schumacher Batman films: *Batman*, *Batman Returns*, *Batman Forever*, and *Batman & Robin*. Hingle and Michael Gough are the only two actors to appear in all 4 Batman movies. Hingle worked from 1954 through 2006.

## Personal life
Hingle was born on July 19, 1924 in Miami, Florida. His parents were Marvin Louise (née Patterson), a schoolteacher and musician, and Clarence Martin Hingle, a building contractor.

Hingle enlisted in the U.S. Navy in December 1941, dropping out of the University of Texas. He served on the destroyer *USS Marshall* during World War II. He returned to the University of Texas after the war ended and earned a degree in radio broadcasting. He learned to act at the Actors Studio.

Hingle was married two times; first to Alyce Faye Dorsey in 1947 until they divorced in 1972. He was married to Julie Wright from 1979 until his death in 2009. Hingle had 3 children with Dorsey; Jody, Billy, and Molly. With Wright, he had two children. Hingle graduated from Weslaco High School in Weslaco, Texas in 1942.

### Near death experience
In 1960, he had been offered the title role in *Elmer Gantry*, but Burt Lancaster filled the part because Hingle had been in a near fatal accident. He was caught in his West End Avenue apartment building in an elevator that had stalled between the second and third floors. He crawled out and sought to reach the second floor corridor but lost his balance and fell fifty-four feet down the shaft. He fractured his skull, wrist, hip, and most of the ribs on his left side. He broke his left leg in three places and lost the little finger on his left hand. He lay near death for two weeks, and his recovery required more than a year.

## Death
Hingle died on January 3, 2009 in Carolina Beach, North Carolina from Myelodysplastic syndrome, he was 84 years old. Hingle was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Atlantic Ocean.

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Mohamed Zaoui

**Mohamed Zaoui** (born May 14, 1960) is a boxer from Algeria.  Zaoui won the bronze medal in the Middleweight division (71–75&nbsp;kg) at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

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Rohullah Nikpai

**Rohullah Nikpai** (born June 15, 1987) is an athlete from Afghanistan.  He won an Olympic bronze medal for taekwondo.

Nikpai started his training in Kabul, Afghanistan, at the age of 10.  At the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar Nikpai was in the flyweight division. He lost to silver medalist Nattapong Tewawetchapong of Thailand in round 16.

Nikpai was in Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics.  He defeated two-time world champion Juan Antonio Ramos of Spain. Winning the bronze medal made him Afghanistan's first Olympic medalist in any event. Afghanistan president Hamid Karzai immediately called to congratulate Nikpai. Karzai also gifted Nikpai a house paid by the government. "I hope this will send a message of peace to my country after 30 years of war," Nikpai said.

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Crotalus enyo

:***Common names:** Baja California rattlesnake, Lower California rattlesnake*

***Crotalus enyo***, also known as the "*Lower California Rattlesnake*", is a species of venomous Pit viper. There are currently two subspecies found.

## Description
Male Baja California Rattlesnakes are larger than females with some which can grow up to the length of . The head is small and narrow while the eyes are very big. They are usually light brown or dark brown in color, but some are also gray. They have blotches which are black or light brown with dark edges.

## Where it lives
The Baja California Rattlesnake is found in deserts and pine-oak forests of northwestern Mexico. They are also found on islands of the Gulf of California.

## Feeding
Young Baja California Rattlesnakes eat lizards and small centipedes, while adults eat rodents and large centipedes of the genus Scolopendra.

## Reproduction
Baja California Rattlesnakes mate in the spring and give birth to their young in summer or early fall. They give birth to 2-7 young at a time, and the young are around  long.

## Subspecies
* Cerralvo Island Rattlesnake, *C. e. cerralvensis*
* Rosario Rattlesnake, *C. e. furvus*

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Hocine Soltani

**Hocine Soltani** (December 27, 1972 in Thenia – March 1, 2002 in Marseille) was a boxer from Algeria.  He won two Olympic medals. In 1992 he was third in the featherweight division (54–57&nbsp;kg).  At the 1996 Summer Olympics he won a gold medal in lightweight.

Hocine became a professional boxer in 1998.  He only fought four times, winning each time.  He quit boxing in 2000. Soltani disappeared in March 2002. His body was found near Marseille, France in September 2004.

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Hassiba Boulmerka

**Hassiba Boulmerka** (born 10 July 1968 in Constantine, Algeria) is a former Algerian middle distance athlete.

Boulmerka started running seriously at the age of ten. She had to move to Europe to train. She won the 1500&nbsp;m gold medal at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. It was Algeria's first gold medal at the Olympic Games.

She won a bronze medal at the 1993 World Championships in Stuttgart. In 1995, she did not win a single race until the World Championships in Gothenburg.  She was at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, but sprained her ankle in the semi-finals. She stopped racing after 1997.

Boulmerka was later elected to the Athletes' Commission of the International Olympic Committee.

Boulmerka has returned to Algeria and is now a businesswoman.

## References
Omar Suleiman

**Omar Suleiman** (, 2 July 1936-19 July 2012) was an Egyptian general, diplomat, and politician. He was the spy intelligence chief from 1993 to 2011 while Hosni Mubarak was President of Egypt. In January 2011 Suleiman was appointed vice-president by Mubarak. He served until they left in early February 2011. In 2012, Suleiman wanted to be president but was disqualified from running. He was not seen in public since Mubarak's regime ended. On 19 July 2012, Suleiman died in Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. from heart attack while undergoing medical trials.

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Dick Van Dyke

**Richard Wayne "Dick" Van Dyke** (born December 13, 1925) is an American actor, comedian, dancer, producer, singer and writer with his career that has lasted over 7 decades. He is the older brother of Jerry Van Dyke and father of Barry Van Dyke.

Van Dyke starred in many movies; *Bye Bye Birdie*, *Mary Poppins*, *Chitty Chitty Bang Bang* and *Night at the Museum* and in television series *The Dick Van Dyke Show* and in *Diagnosis: Murder*. He has a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Van Dyke was once offered the role as Ambassador Thorn in the 1976 movie *The Omen*, but turned it down because of the movie's violent gory content.

## Early life
Van Dyke was born on December 13, 1925 in West Plains, Missouri. He was raised in Danville, Illinois. Van Dyke now lives in Malibu, California. During his early years, Van Dyke use to work as a weather man.

## Marriages and family
Van Dyke has been married to Margie Willett in 1948 until they divorced in 1984. He has been married to Arlene Silver since 2012. Van Dyke had been partners with Michelle Triola from 1976 until her death from lung cancer in 2009. Van Dyke has 4 children and one grandson.

## Awards
He has won a Grammy Award, a Tony Award, and an Emmy Award. He has been honored a Disney Legend Award in 1999. He was given The Life Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild in 2013.

In 2021, Van Dyke was honored with the Kennedy Center Honors.

In 2024, at the age of 98, Van Dyke was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for a guest role he had in the soap opera *Days of Our Lives*. He would go on to win the award, making him the oldest person to win the award. 

## Personal life
Van Dyke was a heavy cigarette smoker for most of his life. He has been using Nicorette gum since 2003.

In April 2013, Van Dyke revealed that he has been displaying symptoms of a neurological disorder since 2006, but despite undergoing tests no diagnosis has been made. In 2013 the actor stated that his dental-related implants might be responsible.

On August 19, 2013, it was reported that Van Dyke, age 87, was rescued from inside his Jaguar by a passerby as the actor's car caught fire on a Los Angeles-area highway. He was not injured in the fire. The car burned down to its frame.

In December 2025, Van Dyke turned 100.

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Eli Wallach

**Eli Herschel Wallach** (December 7, 1915 &ndash; June 24, 2014) was an American movie, television, voice, and stage actor who gained fame during the late 1950s. For his performance as Silva Vacarro in *Baby Doll*, he won a BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer, an Honorary Academy Award, an Emmy Award, a Tony Award, and a Golden Globe Award nomination.

## Early life
Wallach was born on December 7, 1915 in Red Hook, Brooklyn, New York and studied at the University of Texas at Austin, City College of New York, and at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of Theatre.

## Career
Wallach's famous roles are Tuco in *The Good, the Bad and the Ugly*, Calvera in *The Magnificent Seven*, and as Mr. Freeze in *Batman*. Other roles includes; Don Altobello in *The Godfather Part III*, Cotton Weinberger in *The Two Jakes*, and Arthur Abbott in *The Holiday*. He is still an active actor even in his nineties and being in films as in *Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps* and in *The Ghost Writer*.

## Personal life
Wallach was married to Anne Jackson since 1948. They had three children. His great nephew was movie critic A. O. Scott. Wallach lived in East Hampton, New York.

Wallach, during a set of a movie he was in, accidentally drank from a bottle of acid that a technician had carelessly placed next to his soda bottle. He spat it out quickly, but was angry because his vocal cords could have been damaged if he had swallowed any of it.

### Death
Wallach died at his home in New York City, New York from natural causes on June 24, 2014, aged 98.

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Santa Catalina rattlesnake

The **Santa Catalina Rattlesnake** (*Crotalus catalinensis*), also known as the "*Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake*", is a species of venomous Pit viper found only on Santa Catalina Island in the Gulf of California. There are currently no subspecies recognized.

## Description
The Santa Catalina Rattlesnake is a small and slender species of rattlesnake. It can grow up to the length of 73.1 centimeters (28.8 in), and is known for being one of the few rattlesnakes which do not have a rattle on the end of their tail. Some Santa Catalina Rattlesnakes are light cream in color with reddish-brown blotches down their back, while some are ash gray with dark gray blotches on them.

## Behavior
While other rattlesnakes of the genus "*Crotalus*" are mainly terrestrial (live on land), the Santa Catalina Rattlesnake's small size makes it very good climber. In July, the hottest month on Santa Catalina Island, the Santa Catalina Rattlesnake is found on branches of bushes and trees so they can escape the heat on the ground.

## Feeding
Since the Santa Catalina Rattlesnake lives mainly in trees, scientist first thought this rattlesnake eats birds, but scientist have now found out that around 70% of the Santa Catalina Rattlesnake's diet is made up of small mammals like the Santa Catalina Deer Mouse, and around 30% is made up of lizards like the Santa Catalina Desert Iguana and the Santa Catalina Side-blotched lizard.

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Claire McCaskill

**Claire Conner McCaskill** (born July 24, 1953) is an American politician. She was the United States Senator from Missouri from 2007 to 2019. She is a member of the U.S. Democratic Party. She was the first woman from Missouri elected to the United States Senate. Before being elected to United States Senate McCaskill was the Missouri State Auditor from 1999 to 2007. She was born in Rolla, and she went to school at the University of Missouri.

McCaskill lost to Josh Hawley by nearly 9% in her re-election bid in 2018.

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Dacquoise

A ***dacquoise*** is a dessert cake. It is made with layers of almond and hazelnut meringue and whipped cream or buttercream. The name comes from the French word ''*, meaning "of Dax". (Dax is a town in southwestern France.) It is usually served chilled with fruit. One form of dacquoise is *marjolaine*. *Marjolaine* is long and rectangular and combines almond and hazelnut meringue layers with chocolate buttercream.

A classic *dacquoise* is made of two layers of a meringue filled with an egg-yolk-based buttercream. Often, the layers are of a meringue *japonais*. (Meringue *japonais* means there are ground nuts added.) The nuts can be blanched almonds or hazelnuts. While this *dacquoise* is based on layers of meringue *japonais'', it is held together with a mix of sour cream and milk and dark chocolates.
Youth Riding a Rooster (Epiktetos)

***Youth Riding a Rooster*** is a red-figure plate painted by Epiktetos about 520–510 BC. Its diameter measures 7 3/8 in. (18.7&nbsp;cm). The plate is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. It shows a boy riding a rooster. It was a rare subject among ancient artists. It probably references homosexual relations between older men and youths. It also references the practice among Greek males of giving a rooster as a love gift.

The vase scholar Sir John Beazley wrote in 1918 in *Attic Red-Figured Vases in American Museums* (p.&nbsp;18): "The best of [Epiktetos] is in his plates. You cannot draw better, you can only draw differently. Epiktetos' people are all lightness and fairy grace, as if they belonged to a world where passion and pain were unknown, to those 'woods of Athens' where Oberon reigned in the days before 'the middle summer's spring'".

The plate was discovered in Vulci in 1828. Twenty years later it became the possession of the second marquess of Northampton. On July 2, 1980, his great-great-grandson, the seventh marquess, sold it with other pottery at Christie's in London.

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Footrace on a Panathenaic Amphora

***Footrace on a Panathenaic Amphora*** is a depiction of an ancient Greek footrace on a terracotta amphora dated about 530 BC. It is said to be by the Euphiletos Painter. The height of the amphora is  tall. 

The amphora would have been filled with olive oil from the sacred groves at Athens then given as a prize to the winner of a footrace in the Panathenaic Games at Athens. These games were held every four years. The amphora is held in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. 

These prize amphores were made to a standardized shape, held about 42 quarts, and were decorated in the black-figure technique. An armed Athena was depicted on the front of the amphora and a picture of the sport on the back. This amphora depicts five men and a youth. 

The museum writes, "Notice the wealth of incised lines depicting musculature, a preoccupation of Greek artists for centuries to come ... An inscription on the front of the amphora gives not only the official designation of the vase as a prize, but also the signature of the potter, Nikias, a rare occurrence on pots of this shape."

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Greg Louganis

**Greg Louganis** (born January 29, 1960) is an American Olympic diver and author. He was born in El Cajon, California. He is of Samoan and Swedish descent and was adopted by a Greek-American couple. He received a James E. Sullivan Award from the Amateur Athletic Union. He won a silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. 

## Career 
Two years later, Louganis received his first world title in a tower event. He won many gold medals each at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

## Personal life 
Greg Louganis is openly gay. He was diagnosed with HIV in 1988. He wrote the book *Breaking the Surface* about his life.

## References
Vicki Lawrence

**Vicki Ann Axelrad** (also called **Vicki Lawrence**; born March 26 1949) is an American comedienne, actress and a singer. She is best known for her acting on the *Carol Burnett Show* and as Thelma Harper on ''Mama's Family''. She was often on game shows in the 1970s and 1980s.

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Outstation (Aboriginal community)

In Australia, the **outstation movement** is the movement of Australian Aboriginal people from large towns to much smaller communities, called outstations. It is mostly seen in the Northern Territory and amongst the people of the Western Desert.

Before the 20th century, most Aboriginal families lived by themselves or in groups of 20–30 people. They were nomadic (moving from place to place), hunting and foraging across the deserts. As Anglo-Celtic Australians started to build roads, towns and farms on Aboriginal lands, the native people were forced out. They had to move off their lands into towns or missions. There, the government would give them food, water and clothes.

This way of life did not suit them. In the towns, there were many conflicts between different ethnic groups, people became addicted to alcohol, and many of them died from foreign diseases. Many groups were also far away from their traditional homelands, which were important to them and their spirituality. From the 1970s, many families started to move away from the towns. They returned to the places they grew up, and set up smaller communities.

One of the main reasons behind the movement is for Aboriginal people to get back autonomy and self-sufficiency. The communities manage themselves, as nomadic groups (or "tribe") did many years before. Hunting and foraging – getting their own food, and food for everybody – is still important.

## References
John Ratzenberger

**John Deszo Ratzenberger** (born April 6, 1947 in Bridgeport, Connecticut) is an American actor, voice actor, and entrepreneur. Best known for his work with Pixar, he has been referred to as the **Pixar Good Luck Charm**, as he has voice acted in every movie for Pixar except for Soul.

## Career
He is best known for his role as Cliff Clavin in *Cheers* and for his role in all of the *Pixar* animated movies which includes; **Hamm** in *Toy Story*, *Toy Story 2*, *Toy Story 3*, *Toy Story 4* and ''Woody's Roundup: The Movie*, **P.T. Flea** in *A Bug's Life*, **The Abominable Snowman** in *Monsters, Inc.*, **the school of Moonfish** in *Finding Nemo*, **The Underminer** in *The Incredibles* and in *The Incredibles 2*, **Mack the Truck** in *Cars*, *Cars 2* and in *Cars 3*, **Mustafa** the waiter in *Ratatouille*, **John** in *WALL-E*, **Tom the construction worker** in *Up*, **Gordon the Guard** in *Brave*, **The Abominable Snowman** in *Monsters University*, **Fritz** in *Inside Out*, **Earl** in *The Good Dinosaur*, **Bill the Crab** in *Finding Dory* and as **Juan Ortodoncia** in *Coco''.

## Personal life
Ratzenberger was married to Georgia Stiny from 1985 until they divorced in 2004. Ratzenberger has a son James John (b. 1987), and a daughter Nina Kathrine (b. 1989). Ratzenberger is a Republican.

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Shaivism

god Shiva]]

**Shaivism** is a form of Hinduism, which sees Shiva as the most important deity. In practice, there are different branches of Shaivism. Shaivism is common in  India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. It can also be found in  Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.
James Whitmore

**James Allen Whitmore, Jr.** (October 1, 1921  February 6, 2009) was an American stage and movie actor.

## Early years
Born on October 1, 1921 in White Plains, New York. to Florence Belle (née Crane) and James Allen Whitmore, Sr.. Whitmore graduated from Yale University before serving in the United States Marine Corps during World War II.

## Career
Following the war, Whitmore appeared on Broadway, where he won a special Tony Award in 1948. His first major movie was *Battleground*, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Other major movies include; *The Asphalt Jungle*, *The Next Voice You Hear*, *Kiss Me, Kate*, *Them!*, *Black Like Me*, and ''Give 'em Hell, Harry*, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as 33rd President of the United States Harry S. Truman.

Whitmore also appeared as General Oliver O. Howard in the 1975 TV movie *I Will Fight No More Forever'', based on the 1877 conflict between the United States and Nez Perce trib, led by Chief Joseph.

### Later career
Whitmore's last major role was as librarian Brooks Hatlen in the critically-acclaimed and the Academy Award-nominated 1994 movie *The Shawshank Redemption*.

Although not always politically active, in 2007, Whitmore received some publicity with his endorsement of Barack Obama for U.S. President. In January 2008, Whitmore appeared in television commercials for the First Freedom First campaign, which advocates preserving "the separation of church and state" and protecting religious liberty.

## Personal life
Whitmore was married four times; once to Nancy Mygatt in 1947 until they divorced in 1971. Then he married Audra Lindley in 1972 until they divorced in 1979. Later he once again married Nancy Mygatt in 1979 until they divorced once again in 1981. Lastly Whitmore married Noreen Nash in 2001 until Whitmore's death in 2009. He only has three sons from his first marriage including; James Whitmore, Jr..

## Death
Whitmore died on February 6, 2009 in his Malibu, California home from lung cancer from which he had since November 2008. He was 87 years old. Whitmore was later cremated and his ashes were scattered at sea.

## References
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* Actors Master Class: James Whitmore in How To Steal A Scene 
* Whitmore interview. YouTube.
* Staff (undated; copyright 2009).  "James Whitmore Obituary".  Associated Press (via the *Los Angeles Times* module at Legacy.com).  Retrieved October 14, 2012.
* Steven Ameche: Remembering James Whitmore At The Market
Bill Cobbs

**Wilbert "Bill" Cobbs** (June 16, 1934 – June 25, 2024) was an American movie and television actor. He starred in over 120 movies and television programs.

## Personal life 
Cobbs was born on June 16, 1934 in Cleveland, Ohio. Cobbs was the second cousin of American actor James Baskett.

## Career 
Cobbs' career began during 1974 in the movie *The Taking of Pelham One Two Three*. He was known for his role in *The Bodyguard*. Cobbs' latest appearances were in the 2022 film *Caroltyn* and the 2023 miniseries *Incandescent Love*. C

Cobbs was not married and lived in Upland, California and in New York City, New York.

Cobbs died at his home in Upland on June 25, 2024 at the age of 90.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
World line

of the object.]]

A **world line** is the unique path that an object has as it travels through both space and time, usually called spacetime. As we learn from special relativity, the faster an object goes, the more time slows down for that object.  As you can see in the illustration to the right, the slower object has a quicker passage of time than the very fast object, the one which time passes much more slowly for. When an object reaches the speed of light, it will be zero on the *t* axis, meaning that it will have made no progress in the time direction. Basically, the world lines show that when the speed of light is reached, time stops for the observer. World lines are very often used in theoretical physics and special relativity, as well as general relativity.

## Usage 
The concept of world lines is used widely in theoretical physics, for it shows some interesting facts about high-speed motion. For example, the time dilation equation presented by Albert Einstein is algebraically undefined when an object's velocity is the speed of light, but using world lines one can find that when the speed is the speed of light, time will stop. Although Einstein's equation (for time dilation) does show that an object going faster than light goes backward in time, the same concept can be described using world lines.
Jeffrey Tambor

**Jeffrey Michael Tambor** (born July 8, 1944) is an American actor and voice artist. He is known for his role as Hank Knigsley on *The Larry Sanders Show*, King Atlantis in *SpongeBob SquarePants*, and as George Bluth, Sr. and Oscar Bluth on *Arrested Development*. He won a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award in 2015.

Tambor was married to Kathryn Mitchell from 1991 until they divorced in 1999. He is currently married to Kasia Ostlun since 2001 and have 4 children together.

## Other websites
*
Vase in the Form of a Phallus

***Vase in the Form of a Phallus*** is an ancient Greek terracotta vase in the form of a flaccid, uncircumcised, penis. The scrotum and pubic hair are depicted. Its overall measurements are 4 ½ in. x 4 in. x 3 ½ in. (11.4 cm. x 10.2 cm. x 8.9&nbsp;cm.). It dates back to the Archaic period, about  550 BC to 500 BC. Phallic vases are rare in Archaic Greek pottery, and this vase is thought to have held a perfumed oil, used for erotic or medicinal purposes. It is also believed to have been made in Rhodes. The museum writes that the vase displays a playfulness typical of Greek art.

## References 
*
Mohamed Bahari

**Mohamed Bahari** (born June 29, 1976 in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria) is a boxer from Algeria.

Bahari won the bronze medal in the middleweight division (71–75&nbsp;kg) at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Bahari became a professional boxer in 2003. His last fight was in 2004.  He retired with a record of 3-2-2.

## References
Georges Pompidou

**Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou** ( , ; 5 July 19112 April 1974) was a French politician. He was the President of the French Republic from 20 June 1969 until 2 April 1974. He was born in Cantal. He fought in World War II. 

He also was Prime Minister of France from 14 April 1962 until 10 July 1968. In 1968, he was elected president. He died of lymphoma in Paris. He is the only French president of the French Fifth Republic to die in office. 

## Other websites
Noureddine Morceli

**Noureddine Morceli** (born February 28, 1970 in Ténès, Chlef Province) is a retired Algerian athlete.  He won the 1500 m run at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He won the silver medal in the 1500 m at the World Junior Championships in 1988. Morceli went to college in Riverside, California.

Morceli was coached by his brother Abderrahmane.  His brother ran for Algeria in the Moscow Olympics of 1980 and in Los Angeles in 1984.

## References
Nouria Mérah-Benida

**Nouria Mérah-Benida** (born October 19, 1970 in Algiers) is an Algerian middle distance runner.

At the 1999 All-Africa Games in Johannesburg Mérah-Benida won silver medals in both 800 metres and 1500 metres. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney she won the gold medal. In 2000 she also won an 800 m silver medal and a 1500 m gold medal at the African Championships.

## References
Djabir Saïd-Guerni

**Djabir Saïd-Guerni** (born March 29, 1977 in Algiers) is an Algerian retired athlete. He ran in the 800 metres. He won a bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics.

He announced his retirement on 6 May 2007, following injury problems. His personal best time was 1:43.09 minutes.  He got this in September 1999 in Brussels.

## Achievements 
*2005 World Championships in Athletics - fifth place
*2004 Olympic Games - seventh place
*2003 World Championships in Athletics - gold medal
*2002 IAAF World Cup - silver medal
*2002 African Championships in Athletics - gold medal
*2000 Olympic Games - bronze medal
*2000 African Championships in Athletics - gold medal
*2000 African Championships in Athletics - gold medal (4 x 400 m relay)
*1999 World Championships in Athletics - bronze medal
*1999 Summer Universiade - fourth place
*1999 Military World Games - gold medal
*1999 All-Africa Games - silver medal
*1998 African Championships in Athletics - bronze medal
*1997 Pan Arab Games - 800&nbsp;m gold medal, 1500&nbsp;m bronze, 4x400 m relay gold
*1997 Mediterranean Games - bronze medal
*1997 Summer Universiade - fourth place

## References
* 
* IAAF Focus on Athletes
Ali Saïdi-Sief

**Ali Saidi-Sief** (born March 15, 1978 in Constantine) is an Algerian Olympic runner.  His speciality is the 1500 m race.  He won a silver medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics for the 5000 m.

Saidi-Sief received a two-year suspension from the International Association of Athletics Federations.  He failed a urine test at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton, Canada.  He tested positive for nandrolone, a banned performance-enhancing steroid.

## References
Mohamed Allalou

**Mohamed Allalou** (born September 28, 1973) is an Algerian boxer. He was in the Men's Light Welterweight division at the 2000 Summer Olympics.  He won the bronze medal. He was also in the 1996 Summer Olympics.

## 1996 Olympic results
*Defeated Peter Bulinga (Kenya) 17-3
*Defeated Jacek Bielski (Poland) 19-8
*Lost to Fethi Missaoui (Tunisia) 15-16

## 2000 Olympic results
*Defeated Lukáš Konečný (Czech Republic) 17-9
*Defeated Ben Neequaye (Ghana) 15-6
*Defeated Sven Paris (Italy) 22-8
*Lost to Mahammatkodir Abdoollayev (Uzbekistan) RSC

## References
*sports-reference
Epiktetos

with pipes and a pipe case hanging on his erect penis. (Tondo of an Attic red-figure plate, 520–500 BC. From Vulci.)]]

**Epiktetos** was an ancient Greek potter and vase painter. His name means "newly acquired". He may have been a slave, as were most potters and painters in ancient Greece. He worked mostly with cups and plates between 520 and 490 BC in the red-figure style. He signed more than half his works. He was an expert with the *tondo*the circular picture at the bottom of a cup. He painted mostly everyday scenes rather than mythological ones. His end is unknown.

## Related pages 
* Youth Riding a Rooster (Epiktetos)

## Other websites 
*
Soraya Haddad

**Soraya Haddad** (born September 30, 1984 in El-Kseur) is an Algerian judoka. She won the bronze medal in the Women's 52&nbsp;kg weight class at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She was African champion four times: 2004, 2005, 2008 and 2011.  She also won the bronze medal in the 48&nbsp;kg category in the 2005 World Championships in Egypt.

## References
Amar Benikhlef

**Amar Benikhlef** (born 11 January 1982) is an Algerian judoka.  He won the silver medal in the 90 kg group of Judo in 2008.

## Achievements
## References
* Factfile on JudoInside.com
Kalos inscription

at the palaestra. Near him, a pick to prepare the landing ground for the long jump, and a pair of dumbbells used to maintain balance during the jump. (Interior of an Attic red-figure kylix, ca. 510–500 BC. Kalos inscription.)]]

A '''*kalos* inscription'* is a marking on ancient Greek pottery. They were prevalent during the Classical period (550 to 450 BC). *Kalos'' (καλός) means "beautiful", and in these inscriptions it had an erotic meaning. The word kalos was followed by the beloved's nameusually a youth, but sometimes a girl or woman working as a prostitute. These inscriptions are usually found on the drinking cups used during a drinking party. They were probably declarations of love. They are sometimes found as graffiti on walls.

## Other websites 
*
Koji Murofushi

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a hammer thrower who took part in four Summer Olympic Games. 

## Early life
Murofushi was born in Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture. His family were international sports competitors. His early interest in the hammer was encouarged by his father, Shigenobu Murofushi, who is an Olympic athlete and Asian Games champion.  He is the brother of Yuka Murofushi, who is also an Olympian. 

## Career
Murofushi won the gold medal in the hammer throw at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

## Related pages
* Sports in Japan
* Japan at the Olympics

## References
## Other websites
* Koji Murofush at International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)
George Ryan

**George Homer Ryan, Sr.** (February 24, 1934 &ndash; May 2, 2025) was an American politician. He is a Republican. He was the former Governor of Illinois. He is a member for the United States Republican Party. His political career was tarnished due to scandals and corruption: Ryan was found guilty on almost all charges and sent to prison. He was released in 2013. Ryan was Illinois' Governor beginning 1999 until 2003. He is listed as Federal Inmate Number 16627-424, and was scheduled July 4, 2013. He was released in June 2013.

Ryan died on May 2, 2025 under hospice care in Kankakee, Illinois at the age of 91.

## References
Lachesis (genus)

***Lachesis***, also known as the "bushmasters", is a genus of venomous Pit vipers found in forests of Central and South America. The name "*Lachesis*" is also the name of one of the Three Fates in Greek mythology. There are currently three species found.

## Description
Adult bushmasters can grow up to the length of 2 meters (6.5 ft) to 2.5 meters (8.25 ft), but there have been some which have grown up to the length of 3 meters (10 ft). The largest one ever found was 3.65 meters (12 ft) long, making the bushmasters the longest venomous snake in the Western Hemisphere and the longest vipers in the world. They are not the heaviest vipers in the world, but adults usually weigh up to 3 to 5 kg (6.6 to 11 Ib).   

## Distribution 
Bushmasters are found in forest areas of Central and South America. They are also found on the island Trinidad.

## Reproduction
Bushmasters are oviparous: they lay eggs. This makes bushmasters different to other pit vipers found in the New World, because other pit vipers are viviparous,  they give live birth instead of laying eggs. A female can lay around a dozen eggs at a time. The female stays with her eggs until they have hatched and may attack any predator that comes near the nest.

## Venom
The bushmasters are one of the largest and most dangerous snakes in South America, and can inject a large amount of venom into their enemies. Even young bushmaster's bites are harmful, but bushmasters are nocturnal (they are active at night), so not a lot of people have been bitten by them.

## Species
* Black-headed bushmaster, *L. melanocephala*
* South American bushmaster, *L. muta*
* Central American bushmaster, *L. stenophrys*

## References
Great Sandy Desert

The **Great Sandy Desert** is a desert in the northwest of Australia, mostly in Western Australia. It is the second-largest desert in Australia (after the Great Victoria Desert). It covers about . South of the Great Sandy Desert is the Gibson Desert, and to the east is the Tanami Desert.

There are not many people living in the Great Sandy Desert. Most of them  are Aboriginal communities and mining towns. The Aboriginal people of the desert fall into two main groups: the Martu in the west and the Pintupi in the east. They both speak Western Desert languages.

The area does not get much rain, but even in the driest parts rainfalls rarely drop below . The rate of evaporation (how quickly the water dries up) is very high. Most of the rain comes from thunderstorms. Many drought years end with a monsoon or tropical cyclone. On average for most of the area, there are about 20-30 days where thunderstorms form.

Most of the plants growing across the Great Sandy Desert are spinifex grasses. Animals living in the desert include  dingos, red kangaroo, monitor lizards, bilbies, marsupial mole, thorny devils, bearded dragons and many other species of lizard.

The first European to cross the desert was Peter Warburton. He made the journey from Alice Springs leaving in April 1873 and arriving at De Grey Station in January 1874. When Warburton arrived, he was starving and blind in one eye. He thanked his survival on his Aboriginal companion Charley. 

## References
The Disrobing of Christ (painting)

***The Disrobing of Christ*** is an oil painting by El Greco. It was completed in the spring of 1579 for the High Altar of the sacristy of the Cathedral of Toledo, where it still hangs. It measures 285 x 173cm. Harold Wethey says that the painting is a "masterpiece of extraordinary originality". The power of the picture depends upon El Greco's original and forceful use of color.

## References
Azemiopinae

**Azemiopinae**, commonly known as the "''Fea's vipers*", is a monotypic subfamily made for a monotypic genus, *Azemiops*, which contains the venomous viper, ***Azemiops Feae**''. It is found on the mountains of Southeast Asia.

## Description
The Feas's vipers can grow up to the length of 77&nbsp;cm. They are blueish-gray or black in color with orange crossbands, the head is orange while the chin and throat is yellow, it also has yellow eyes.

## Where they live
The Fea's viper is found in northern Vietnam, southern China, south-east Myanmar, and south-east Tibet. In China the Fea's viper is found in Fujien, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Kweichow, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

### Habitat
The Fea's viper is found on mountains which have an altitude of 1000 meters. It prefers to live in cool climates which have an average temperature of 18-25&nbsp;°C. In Vietnam it is found in bamboo forests.

## Behavior
The Fea's viper is said to be nocturnal, but some people say that it crepuscular, and it hibernates in the winter. When disturbed, the Fea's viper flattens its body to make it look wider, and opens its mouth widely to show its fangs, giving its head a triangular shape. It sometimes also vibrates it tail. Fea's vipers are said to eat small mammals.

## References