open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Dendrochronology

**Dendrochronology** is **tree-ring dating**. It is a method of dating which uses the patterns of **growth rings** in trees. In many types of wood, the time rings were formed can be dated to the exact calendar year. 

Dendrochronology has three main uses: 
#radiocarbon dating, where it is used to calibrate radiocarbon ages.
#archaeology, where it is used to date old buildings, etc.
#palaeoecology, where it is used to determine certain aspects of past climates 

In some parts of the world, it is possible to date wood back a few thousand years, or even many thousands. The maximum for "fully anchored chronologies" is a little over 11,000 years from present. The term "fully anchored chronology" means the dates are absolutely certain.

## History 
Dendrochronology (word derived from Greek , *dendron*, "tree limb"; , *khronos*, "time"; and , '''') was developed during the first half of the 20th century originally by the astronomer A.E. Douglass, who founded the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona. Douglass researched sunspot activity. He expected changes in solar activity would affect climate patterns on Earth. The climate would be recorded by tree-ring growth patterns.

The phenomenon of tree rings and their relationship with wet and dry years had been noticed before Douglass. There is a brief note in one of Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks, and Charles Babbage in 1837 came up with the same idea.

## How it works 
Many trees in temperate zones make one growth ring each year, with the newest adjacent to the bark. Through a tree's life, a year-by-year ring pattern is formed which reflects the climatic conditions in which the tree grew. Adequate moisture and a long growing season result in a wide ring. A drought year may result in a very narrow one. 

Alternating poor and favorable conditions, such as mid summer droughts, can result in several rings forming in a given year. Problems like this are fixed by comparing one part of the world with another. Missing rings are rare in oak and elm trees: the only recorded instance of a missing ring in oak trees occurred in the year 1816, also known as the Year without a Summer. 

Trees from the same region will tend to develop the same patterns of ring widths for a given period. These patterns can be compared and matched ring for ring with trees growing in the same geographical zone and under similar climatic conditions. Following these tree-ring patterns from living trees back through time, chronologies can be built up, both for entire regions, and for sub-regions of the world. Thus wood from ancient structures can be matched to known chronologies (a technique called cross-dating) and the age of the wood determined precisely. 

The tree-ring dates can be extended back to 26,000 BP by using other methods. Those other methods use marine sediment layers and growth rings in corals.

## References
Chorea

**Chorea** (sometimes called **choreia**) is the name for a set of symptoms caused by some neurological conditions. The term "chorea" comes from Ancient Greek χορεία, where it means "dance". People with chorea move without being able to control those movements. The movements seem to spread from one muscle to the next. Chorea can involve the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities.  

Chorea is one of the main symptoms of Huntington's disease. 

Some forms of chorea are not linked to neurological conditions, though. Chorea can develop as a complication of pregnancy, and it can be a sign of hyperthyroidism. It can also be caused by drugs taken in the wrong dose. For example, L-Dopa (taken to treat Parkinson's disease), certain forms of birth control, or certain antipsychotics can cause chorea if they are used in the wrong doses.

## Sources
Vermouth

**Vermouth** is a sweet wine, that has been converted to a spirit. It usually has between 15 and 18 percent of alcohol. Also, certain herbs are added to flavour the wine. Its name is derived from a plant called Artemisia absinthium, which makes it taste slightly bitter. It is often used for cocktails. In its current form, Vermouth was first made in Turin, in 1757. In the 19th century, it was also produced in France. Vermouth is also popular in parts of Spain. Vermouth is sometimes used as a substitute for white wine in cooking. 

Vermouth is not the same as the spirit called Absinthe. Absinthe is also based on Artemisia absinthium, but it has 45-50 percent alcohol per volume. 
## Related pages
* Fortified wine
National Treasure (movie)

***National Treasure*** is a 2004 American action thriller movie starring Nicolas Cage.  It was made by the Walt Disney Studios under Walt Disney Pictures.

Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Blu-ray Disc versions of *National Treasure* and its sequel, *National Treasure 2: Book of Secrets*, on May 20, 2008.

## Cast
* Nicolas Cage as Ben Gates
* Diane Kruger as Abigail Chase
* Justin Bartha as Riley Poole
* Sean Bean as Ian Howe
* Jon Voight as Patrick Gates
* Harvey Keitel as Sadusky
* Christopher Plummer as John Adams Gates
* David Dayan Fisher as Shaw
* Stewart Finlay-McLennan as Powell
* Oleg Taktarov as Shippen
*Stephen Pope as Phil
* Annie Parisse as Agent Dawes
* Mark Pellegrino as Agent Johnson
* Armando Riesco as Agent Hendricks
* Erik King as Agent Colfax
* Don McManus as Dr. Stan Herbert
* Ron Canada as Guard Woodruff
* Hunter Gomez as Young Ben Gates
* Deborah Yates as Rebecca
* Jason Earles as Thomas Gates
* Terrence Currier as Charles Carroll
* Antony Alda as Guard Ferguson
* Sam Schwab as Young Kirby
* John Travis as Guard Mike

## References
## Other websites
*
Cesar Virata

**Cesar Enrique Aguinaldo Virata** (born 12 December 1930) is a Filipino politician. He was Prime Minister of the Philippines from June 30 1981 to February 25 1986 and Finance minister from 1984 to 1986.

## Other websites 
* Aquino Abolishes Assembly, Declares Interim Government 

## References
Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology

The **Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology** (**RTMP**, and often referred to as the **Royal Tyrrell Museum**) is a popular Canadian tourist attraction. It is a leading centre of palaeontological research which has more than 130,000 fossils.

The museum is  from Drumheller, Alberta and  from Calgary. It is in the middle of the fossil-bearing strata of the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation. Its specimens come mainly from Dinosaur Provincial Park and the Devil's Coulee Dinosaur Egg Historic Nest Site. The average annual number of visitors is about 400,000. There are chronological galleries celebrating the 3.9 billion year history of life on Earth. One of the most popular is "Dinosaur Hall", with almost 40 mounted dinosaur skeletons, including specimens of *Tyrannosaurus rex* and *Albertosaurus*. "Devonian Reef", a life-size model of a 375 million year old reef; a "Cretaceous Garden", with over 600 living species of plants; "Age of Mammals"; and "Ice Ages".

"Triassic Giant" is a  long specimen of the largest known marine reptile. The  long ichthyosaur *Shonisaurus sikanniensis* was recovered from the shores of the Sikanni Chief River in northeastern British Columbia.

A window into the "Preparation Lab" allows visitors to watch technicians as they carefully prepare fossils for research and exhibition. There are also tours of the badlands; the hands-on "Nexen Science Hall" with interactive exhibits; simulated fossil digs, and summer camps for children and families, and much more.

## References
Witenagemot

(11th century)]]

The **Witenagemot**, or **Witan**,was an institution in Anglo-Saxon England, from about the 7th to the 11th centuroes. The name is Old English for "council of the  men". Originally, *Witan* was the plural of *wita* (the wise man); but it was used as a singular. The council was similar to the Germanic assembly, the *Thing*. 

The purpose of the Witenagemot was to give an opinion about the administration and the organisation of the kingdom. Its members talked about how law should develop and elected or confirmed the king. The Witenagemot also had the power to depose a king. For example, it deposed Sigeberht of Wessex in 755 and Æthelwald Moll of Northumbria in 765. 

Witans were held at least once a year but usually more often. In many respects, they were similar to the modern-day Parliament. Unlike Parliament, they met in different places each time since neither the Witans nor the king had a permanent place to stay. 

When the Normans invaded England in 1066, they replaced the Witenagemot with another institution, which was still known as  the *Witan*, or the *Witenagemot*, until the 12th century.
List of prime ministers of Belize

This is a **list of prime ministers of Belize**. The Prime Minister is the head of government of Belize.

## First Minister of British Honduras (1961-1964)
## Premier of British Honduras (1964-1973)
## Premier of Belize (1973-1981)
## Prime ministers of Belize (1981-present)
## References
Rose Marie

**Rose Marie** (born **Rose Marie Mazzetta**; August 15, 1923 – December 28, 2017) was an American actress and comedienne, with a career spanning nine decades. As a child performer she had a successful singing career as **Baby Rose Marie**. A veteran of vaudeville, her career included film, radio, records, theater, night clubs, and television.

Her best known role was Sally Rogers on *The Dick Van Dyke Show*.  She later portrayed Myrna Gibbons on *The Doris Day Show* and was also a frequent panelist on *Hollywood Squares*. She was among the first major stars to be known simply by her first names and is the subject of a documentary film *Wait for Your Laugh* (2017), which features interviews from numerous co-stars, including Carl Reiner, Dick Van Dyke, Peter Marshall, and Tim Conway.

## Early life
Marie was born **Rose Marie Mazetta** in New York City, New York on August 15, 1923.

## Career
At age 3, Marie started performing under the name **Baby Rose Marie**. At age 5, she became a radio star on NBC and made a series of movies.

In her teenage years, she was a nightclub and lounge performer in before becoming a radio comedienne. She was billed then as "The Darling of the Airwaves." According to her autobiography *Hold the Roses*, Marie was assisted in her career by many members of organized crime, including Al Capone and Bugsy Siegel. She performed at the opening night of the Flamingo Hotel which was built by Siegel.

## Personal life
Marie was married to trumpeter Bobby Guy from 1946 until his death in 1964. The couple had one daughter, Georgiana.

Marie was a feminist.

## References
## Other websites
*
Apolinario Mabini

**Apolinario Mabini** (July 23, 1864 — May 13, 1903) was a Philippine resistance activist, lawyer, and journalist. He was the prime minister and foreign minister of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898). He was the First Chairman of the Philippine Supreme Court (1898 - 1899). 

## Book 
* *La revolución filipina* (1931)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Apolinario Mabini 
* The Philippine Revolution, by Apolinario Mabini at the Austrian-Philippine Page at Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Vienna
* Msc.edu Mabini
* Apolinario Mabini essays  Apolinario Mabini's essays on the 1898 Philippine Provisional Revolution governments
Juan Luna

**Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta** (; October 23, 1857&nbsp;– December 7, 1899) was a Filipino nationalist, painter, artist, sculptor and Revolution activist. A prominent artist, he has been called the Philippines' national painter.

## Other websites 
* INQUIRER.net: Juan Luna's work 
* López Memorial Museum: Juan Luna
Charles Fleischer

**Charles Fleischer** (born August 27, 1950) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, and comedian. He is best known as the voice of Roger Rabbit in the *Who Framed Roger Rabbit* franchise.

From December 2010 to September 2011, Fleischer hosted his own web show called ''Fleischer's Universe'' on Ustream.tv.

## Early life
Fleischer was born and raised in Washington, D.C. on August 27, 1950. He attended Southampton College of Long Island University, and studied acting at Chicago's Goodman Theatre.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Charles Fleischer insists all things are moleeds, TED Conference Video, 18 minutes, 2005 
* Charles Fleischer's Webshow ''Fleischer's Universe''
Natural killer cell

**Natural killer cells** (or **NK cells**) are a type of lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. NK cells provide a rapid response to cells infected by viruses, or to bacterial cells. The response happens about 3 days after infection. NK cells also respond to tumour formation. 

**NK cells** are unique: they have the ability to recognise stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This allows for a much faster immune reaction.

In early experiments in cancer patients and animals, investigators found what was called a "natural" reactivity. That is, a certain population of cells seemed to be able to kill tumour cells without previously being sensitized to them. At first many thought that these observations were artifacts. However, by 1973, 'natural killing' activity was established across a wide variety of species, and the existence of a separate line of cells with this ability was suggested.

## Function 
To control their cytotoxic activity, NK cells have two types of surface receptors: activating receptors and inhibitory receptors. When the NK cell is activated, it destroys the cells which have switched it on. 

Small granules in their cytoplasm contain proteins and enzymes called granzymes. They are released close to a cell which has triggered their action. A protein *perforin* forms pores in the cell membrane of the target cell, creating a channel through which enzymes and other molecules can enter. This kills the target cell. The details vary according to whether the target is a virus, a bacterium or a tumour cell.

### Hypothesis 
These inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I molecules, which could explain why NK cells kill cells with low levels of MHC class I molecules. This inhibition is crucial to the role played by NK cells. MHC class I molecules are main way cells display viral or tumor antigens to cytotoxic T-cells. A common evolutionary adaptation to this seen in both intracellular microbes and tumours is a long-term down-regulation of these MHC I molecules. This makes the cells impervious to T-cell action. NK cells may have evolved as an evolutionary response: the loss of MHC would deprive these cells of the inhibitory effect of MHC and make them vulnerable to NK cell attack.

### NK cell function in adaptive response 
The *adaptive* immune response generates memory cells after a primary infection. Then there is a rapid response to later infections by the same antigen. Earlier it was thought that NK cells play no role in the adaptive immune responses, but now it seems they do.

## References
Patrice Rushen

**Patrice Rushen** (September 30, 1954) is an American singer, composer and musician. She has had several hit songs. She is best known for the post disco/new jack swing song "Forget Me Nots". She was born and raised in Los Angeles, California.

## References
John Joe Nevin

'*John Joseph *Joe* Nevin*' (born 7 June, 1989 in Mullingar, County Westmeath) is an Irish boxer. He competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics and got a silver medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics. He is currently 3rd AIBA World Rankings - Men's 56 kg in the world in his division, the bantamweight. On 6th October, 2012, John Joe Nevin announces to the public on The Saturday Night Show that he is turning professional

## References
The Stolen Eagle

"**The Stolen Eagle**" is the first episode of the HBO/BBC historical drama television series, *Rome*. It first aired on August 28, 2005 in the United States. The episode starred Ciarán Hinds, Kevin McKidd, Ray Stevenson, and Polly Walker.
Andres Bonifacio

General **Andres Bonifacio Bonifacio y de Castro** and **Andres Bonifacio** (30 November 1863 – 09 May 1897) was a Filipino resistance movement member, revolutionary, and soldier. He founded the independence group Katipunan. He was the first President of the Philippines Provisional Revolutionary government, serving between 1895 and 1896.

## Early life
Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863, in Tondo, Manila. His parents were Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro, and he had six siblings. Andres’ mother passed away when he was just a little boy, and his father died as well. Andres was left to care for his younger siblings.

Because of his family’s poor financial situation, Andres could not attend a formal school for very long. He taught himself by reading books and learning about history, literature, and languages. He was interested in the stories of independence from other countries, which would later help him fight for his own nation’s freedom.

## Political activism
As Bonifacio grew older, he became more aware of the problems the Philippines faced under Spain at the time. People were forced to pay high taxes, and many natives were treated like second-class citizens in their own land. Andres began to feel strongly about this and decided to do something about it.

In 1892, Bonifacio joined La Liga Filipina, a group founded by Jose Rizal to get reforms from the Spanish government, such as better treatment of Filipinos and fair laws. Bonifacio believed that the only way for the Philippines to be truly be free was through a revolution. Because La Liga Filipina was a peaceful organization, its leaders advocated for reforms legally. On the day after Rizal was arrested and sent to Dapitan, Bonifacio co-founded the Katipunan, a secret society that aimed to overthrow the Spanish rulers and fight for Philippine independence. Bonifacio rose to a leader within the Katipunan, where organized and spread the movement throughout the country.

## Related pages
* Katipunan

## References 
## Other websites 
*Ang Supremo – Filipino Culture by The Pinoy Warrior and What if Andres Bonifacio had a Facebook Page?
* The Records of the Court Martial of Andres and Procopio Bonifacio  Full text and online collection of court documents in Spanish and old Tagalog with regards to the Andres and Procopio Bonifacio trial.
* The Courtmartial of Andres Bonifacio  English translation of the historical court documents and testimonies in the trial and execution of Andres and Procopio Bonifacio processed by Filipiniana.net 
* Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog  Summary and full text of an article written by Andres Bonifacio in the Katipunan newspaper Kalayaan posted in Filipiniana.net 
* *Andres Bonifacio: 1863–1897*. United States Library of Congress.
Institute for Research on Public Policy

The **Institute for Research on Public Policy** (IRPP; ) is Canada's oldest non-partisan public policy think tank.

The IRPP seeks to improve public policy in Canada.  IRPP supports research and debate.

## History
IRPP was founded in 1972 in Montreal.

### Presidents
* Graham Fox (since April 1, 2011)
* Mel Cappe (2006-2011)
* Hugh Segal (1999-2006)
* Monique Jérôme-Forget (1991-98)
* Rod Dobell (1984-91)
* Gordon Robertson (1980-83)
* Michael Kirby (1977-79)
* Fred Carrothers (1974-76)

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.irpp.org/ ; http://www.irpp.org/fr/about/index.php
Manuel Roxas

**Manuel Acuna Roxas** (January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948) was a Filipino politician. He was the President of the Philippine Commonwealth (1946) and the first President of the Third Philippine Republic (1946 - 1948). He was a Minister of the Philippine Commonwealth, Secretary of Finance (1938 – 1941) and Executive Secretary of Third Philippine Republic (1942). The Philippine Commonwealth was abolished after he was elected as President of the Third Philippine Republic.

## Early life and career 
Roxas was born in January 1892. After studying as a lawyer at the University of the Philippines, he started his career as a secretary to Judge Cayetano Arellano. He began his political career as councilor at Capiz, later on becoming governor in the province. He also became a speaker at congress. During this time, Roxas became co-chairman of the OsRox mission together with Sergio Osmeña and achieved the *Hare Hawes Cutting Independence Act* of 1933. He also requested help from the United States under the *Philippine Rehabilitation Act* and the *Tydings Rehabilitation Act*. This was used in turn to fix damaged roads, bridges, and buildings.

In consequence for receiving rehabilitation funds from the U.S., Roxas was forced to accept the preconditioned Philippine Trade Act or Bell Trade Act of 1946. He was also forced to sign the Military Bases Agreement which proposed to keep 23 military bases of the United States under 99 years inside the country.

## Death 
His presidency ended when he died on April 15,1948 while delivering a speech at the *Clark Air Force Base* because of a heart attack. His vice president, Elpidio Quirino, became president.

## References
## Other websites 
* The Philippine Presidency Project 
* A Country Study: Philippines
* Manuel A. Roxas Elementary School
Grand Teton National Park

**Grand Teton National Park** is a national park in the United States. It is south of Yellowstone National Park. Both of these parks are in Wyoming.

The park's  mountain, Grand Teton, is popular for mountain climbing.

## Other websites 
*National Park Service website
Hospitality

**Hospitality** is about people welcoming other people into their homes or other places where they work or spend their time.  People who welcome visitors are called **hosts**.  The people they welcome are called **guests**.

The word *hospitality* comes from the Latin *hospes*, which came from  the word *hostis*, which originally meant "to have power."

Hospitality is all about the art of entertaining or receiving guests.  We talk about "offering hospitality".  There are many different ideas about how to offer hospitality according to the various cultures in the world.  In the past, many societies taught us, that it is always right to offer hospitality to strangers who came to their door in need of food or shelter. This may seem a strange act to many of us today, but it was an important way to survive in many societies, especially in lands (where people travelled long distances, often far away from large towns).

The words hospital, hospice, and hostel also come from the word "hospitality". They are all about giving personal care to people who are away from their homes.

The hospitality industry is service industry that includes hotel and restaurant workers.

## References
Herero and Namaqua genocide

In the **Herero and Namaqua Genocide** (1904-1907), soldiers of the German Empire killed and displaced tens of thousands of Herero and Nama people during the scramble for Africa. This happened in what is today called Namibia. At the time, the area was part of a colony called German South West Africa. The Herero and Nama were ethnic groups that were indigenous to this area.

Historians think this was the first genocide of the 20th century. It is also an example of an ethnic cleansing.

## The genocide 
On January 12, 1904, the Herero people, led by Samuel Maharero, rebelled against German colonial rule. They were defeated that August by German general Lothar von Trotha at the Battle of Waterberg.

German soldiers drove the Herero into the desert of Omaheke, and did not allow them to return home. The Herero were now refugees. Most of them died in the desert from thirst (dehydration). 

Similar things happened to the Nama people when they rebelled against the Germans in October 1904.

## Deaths 
Between 24,000 and 100,000 Herero died in the genocide; so did 10,000 Nama. Many people died from starvation and thirst because people who fled the violence were not allowed to go back to their homes in the Namib Desert. 

Some sources claim that the German colonial army regularly poisoned desert wells.

## After the genocide 
According to the United Nations' 1985 Whitaker Report, this was an attempt to kill all Herero and Nama people: one of the first genocides in the 20th century. 

In 2004 the German government admitted that the Herero and Namaqua genocide happened, and they apologized. However, they did not give any compensation to the victims' relatives.

## Related pages 
* Genocide
* Ethnic cleansing
* German Empire
* Colonialism
* Imperialism

## References
Stubby Kaye

**Stubby Kaye** (November 11, 1918 – December 14, 1997) was an American actor and comedian.

## Early life
Kaye was born **Bernard Kotzin** in New York City, New York on November 11, 1918. He was raised in Far Rockaway, Queens and in The Bronx.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Taraji P. Henson

**Taraji P. Henson** (born September 11, 1970) is an American actress and model. She has been in many movies. She played Shug in the movie *Hustle and Flow*. She later played Queenie in *The Curious Case of Benjamin Button*. She also played Katherine Johnson in the movie *Hidden Figures*.

Henson was born in Washington, D.C..
Baek A-yeon

**Baek Ah-yeon** (Hangul : 백아연, born on March 11, 1993) is a South Korean solo singer-songwriter who debuted under JYP Entertainment. She is known as the third finalist of South Korea's talent show, *K-Pop Star*.

## Biography
A-yeon was born on March 11, 1993. She was one of a popular talent show contestants, *K-Pop Star* which the judges were the "big three" (SM, YG, JYP). She studied at the Department of Practical Music at Howon University.

## Discography
### Extended play
### Promotional singles
## Filmography
### Music video appearance
## Other websites 
* 
*
Huronian glaciation

The **Huronian glaciation** (or Makganyene glaciation) lasted from 2400 million years ago (mya) to 2100 mya, during the Paleoproterozoic era. 

The glaciation was named after evidence recovered from the Lake Huron region in North America. There, three separate horizons of glacial deposits are separated by non-glacial sediment.

This was one of the most severe and longest ice ages in geologic history. It was similar to the Snowball Earth ice ages that happened later, in the Neoproterozoic era.  

The glaciations were probably triggered by the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), which removed atmospheric methane (a greenhouse gas), and eventually supplied free oxygen to the atmosphere. The alternate warm and ice age periods was probably caused by a repeating cycle. Cyanobacteria flourished in the warm periods, producing huge amounts of oxygen. The oxygen removed the free methane, and used up carbon dioxide. This caused the temperature to crash. This slowed down the bacteria. So the temperature rose again.

However, it is also possible that there was a 250 million year lull in volcanic activity, resulting in lower carbon dioxide levels and so reduced greenhouse effect.

## References
Levant Fair

The **Levant Fair** (; '''') was an international trade fair held near Tel Aviv Port in the 1920s and 1930s. It is also the nickname of the site where the fair was held.

## Gallery 

File:PikiWiki Israel 2779 Great Britain בריטניה הגדולה.JPG|The British pavilion
File:PikiWiki Israel 29178 Events in Israel.jpg|The Italian pavilion
File:PikiWiki Israel 2782 Poland ביתן פולניה.JPG|The Polish pavilion
File:PikiWiki Israel 29184 Events in Israel.jpg|The Romanian pavilion
File:PikiWiki Israel 29190 Events in Israel.jpg|the entrance plaza
File:PikiWiki Israel 29186 Events in Israel.jpg|Aerial view in the 1930s. The entrance to the compound, in the background - the Italian Pavilion with Bulgarian Pavilion

## Related pages
* Tel Aviv Port
* Israel Trade Fairs & Convention Center

## Other websites 
* Levant Fair - official website 
* The Levant Fair in Tel Aviv (1934-6) .
* "City of Work and Prosperity": The Levant Fair.
* Orient Fair posters.
Gregoria de Jesús

**Gregoria de Jesús** (9 May 1875 – 15 March 1943) was a Philippine nationalist. She was the second wife of Andres Bonifacio, a Philippine nationalist. She founded Katipunan. She was the first vice president of the Philippine revolutionary government (1896 to 1897).

## Other websites 
* GREGORIA DE JESUS 
* Gregoria de Jesus: Lakambini of the Katipunan
* National Heroes of the Philippines 
* Solidarity Philippines. Australia Network. Retrieved 2006-12-28.
King Moody

**Robert "King" Moody** (December 6, 1929 - February 7, 2001) was an American actor. He was best known for playing Ronald McDonald in McDonald's commercials from 1969 until his retirement from the role in 1985.

## Early life
Moody was born **Robert Moody** in New York City, New York on December 6, 1929.

## Career
### Ronald McDonald character
From the 1970s to the 1980s, he played Ronald McDonald for the McDonald's commercials.

After his retirement in 1985, he was replaced by Squire Fridell.

## Death
On February 7, 2001, Moody died at the age of 71.

## Other websites
* 

## References
Mariano Trías

**Mariano Trías y Closas** (October 12, 1868 – February 22, 1914) was a Philippine politician and resistance activist. He was Vice President in 1897 and Minister of Finance from 1898 to 1899, and Minister for defence of the Philippine revolutionary government (1899)

## Other websites 
*Mariano Trías at ovp.50webs.com
*Mariano Trías at cavite.gov 
*Mariano Trías Biography 

## References
Emilio Aguinaldo

, 1935]]

**Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy**  (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Philippine nationalist. He was a leader of the Katipunan, a Philippine independence movement organization. He was President of the Philippine revolutionary government from 1897 to 1901.

## Early life and career
Aguinaldo was born in Kawit, Cavite belonging to a very political family. His father, for example, was gobernadorcillo and so was his older brother, Crisopulo. 

Because of political influence within the family, Aguinaldo would later pursue to become *cabeza de barangay* in his hometown of Kawit. He then became *Capitan Municipal*.

Because the two governments dislike each other, Andres Bonifacio, the leader of Katipunan, wanted them to become close friends. During the *Tejeros Convention*, a meeting was held to unite two governments. An election was also held so that they will have a president for the new revolutionary government. After the election, Emilio won to become the new leader but was disliked by Andres Bonifacio. According to Daniel Tirona, Aguinaldo was the right leader for the new government because he graduated as a lawyer unlike Bonifacio.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Emilio Aguinaldo
* Emilio Aguinaldo
* Emilio Aguinaldo
Mimi Kennedy

**Mimi Kennedy** (born September 25 1948) is a movie and television program actress. She is especially notable for acting in the situation comedy *Dharma & Greg*. She acted in the movie ''Erin Brockovich.
Brian George

**Brian George** (born 1 July 1952) is a Canadian actor. He plays the father of Rajesh Koothrappali on *The Big Bang Theory*. Recently, he voiced Alfred Pennyworth in *Batman: The Killing Joke* (2016).

George was born in Jerusalem in 1952, moved to London next year and to Canada in 1966.

## Other websites
*
Wax tablet

A **wax tablet** is what the Roman schools used instead of paper. They used a stylus to write with. The wax melted when warm, but was quite smooth when it . Wax tablets could also be used for messages, but ink on wood was more permanent (see Vindolanda). The Romans also used ink on manuscripts, and could stitch the manuscripts together to make a codex.

The earliest surviving example of a writing tablet dates to the later Bronze Age, 1400 BC. A boxwood writing tablet with an ivory hinge was found in 1986, in the remains of a shipwreck, the Uluburun Shipwreck, near Kaş, Turkey.

## References
Doug Jackson

**Douglas Jackson** (December 12, 1924 – April 26, 1980) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender for the Chicago Black Hawks of the National Hockey League during the 1947–48 NHL season and played in six games. From 1944 to 1945, Jackson served with the Canadian Army in World War II.

## References
* 
*
Jean Marois

**Jean Edouard Alfred Joseph Marois** (November 5, 1924 – January 3, 1996) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs and Chicago Black Hawks. He played most of his career career with the Quebec Aces of the Quebec Senior Hockey League.

## Other websites
*
*
Marcel Pelletier

**Marcel Gerard Pelletier** (December 6, 1927 in Drummondville, Quebec &ndash; May 13, 2017 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks and the New York Rangers. He played most of his career with the Victoria Cougars of the Western Hockey League.

## References
*
*
Missak Manouchian

**Missak Manouchian** (1 September 1906 – 21 February 1944) was a French-Armenian poet, a militant in the MOI (*Immigrant Workforce Movement*) in the Paris region. He was 37 years old when executed by the Nazis for his Résistance work.

Although Manouchian became well known for his leadership in the French Resistance, he was, above all, an intellectual and a talented poet.

Manouchian was posthumously awarded by the Legion of Honor highest order. In 2009 Robert Guédiguian directed a film, *The Army of Crime*, dedicated to Manouchian and his group.

## References
## Other websites
* "Unveiling of the plaque in memory of Manouchian on the rue Plaisance"
Cartoon Network (Central and Eastern Europe)

**Cartoon Network Central & Eastern Europe** is the Czech-Hungarian-Romanian feed of Cartoon Network. The Cartoon Network broadcasts cartoons and sometimes television programs.

## Programs
**Apple & Onion*
**Bakugan Battle Planet*
**Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!*
**The Amazing World of Gumball* 
**Craig of the Creek*
**Jade Armor*
**Mr. Magoo*
**Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?*
**Summer Camp Island*
**Teen Titans Go!*
**The Heroic Quest of the Valiant Prince Ivandoe*
**Total DramaRama*
**We Baby Bears*
**We Bare Bears*

## Former Programms
**Adventure Time*
**Aquaman: King of Atlantis*
**Bakugan* series
***Bakugan Battle Brawlers*
***Bakugan Battle Planet*
***Bakugan: New Vestroia*
***Bakugan: Gundalian Invaders*
**Batman*
**Batman: The Brave and the Bold*
* *Ben 10* series
***Ben 10 (2005)*
***Ben 10 (2016)*
***Ben 10: Alien Force*
***Ben 10: Ultimate Alien*
***Ben 10: Omniverse*
**Camp Lazlo*
**Chowder*
**Clarence*
**Codename: Kids Next Door*
**Courage the Cowardly Dog*
**Cow and Chicken*
**The Cramp Twins*
*''Dexter's Laboratory*
**DreamWorks Dragons
**Duck Dodgers*
**Ed, Edd n Eddy*
**Elliott from Earth*
*''Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends*
**The Garfield Show*
**Generator Rex*
**Gormiti Nature Unleashed*
**Green Lantern: The Animated Series*
**The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy*
**Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi*
**The Heroic Quest of the Valiant Prince Ivandoe*
**Inazuma Eleven*
**Johnny Bravo*
**Johnny Test*
***Lego Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu*
**The Life and Times of Juniper Lee*
**Looney Tunes*
**The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack*
**Mighty Magiswords*
**Mixels*
**Mucha Lucha*
**My Gym Partner's a Monkey*
**Nexo Knights*
**OK K.O! Let's Be Heroes*
**Over the Garden Wall*
**Redakai: Conquer the Kairu*
**Regular Show*
**Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated*
**Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!*
**The Secret Saturdays*
**Steven Universe*
**Supernoobs*
**Teen Titans*
**Tom and Jerry*
**Toony Tube*
**Transformers: Prime*
**Uncle Grandpa*
**Unikitty!*
**What's New, Scooby-Doo?*
**Xiaolin Showdown*
**Xiaolin Chronicles*
**Yo-Kai Watch''

## References
## Other websites
* Official Czech Site 
* Official Hungarian Site 
* Official Romanian Site
Expo Tel Aviv

**Expo Tel Aviv** (formerly the **Israel Trade Fairs and Convention Center** () and later the **Tel Aviv Convention Center** (), although commonly referred to locally as **Ganei HaTaarucha** (*Exhibition Gardens*,  ) and also as the **Tel Aviv Fairgrounds**) is a fairground and convention center in north Tel Aviv. It was first opened in 1932 as "Yarid HaMizrach" located at the site of the Levant Fair at Tel Aviv Port. The fairgrounds were moved to their present location at 101 Rokach Boulevard (near the Yarkon Park and Tel Aviv University) in 1959.

It is also called '***, meaning: **The Fair Gardens**. In September 2018, it was rebranded as "**EXPO Tel Aviv*'".

The location hosts up to 2.5 million visitors and has between 45 and 60 major events annually. The fairground has ten halls and pavilions and a large outdoor space including an amusement park.

## Gallery

Habitan Haagol.jpg|"Tel Aviv Pavilion" that was built 1959 and demolished in 2010
Lunapark Tel-Aviv.JPG|Luna Park, Tel Aviv
Rokax 003.jpg|a pedestrian bridge at the entrance

## Related pages
* Levant Fair
* Tel Aviv Port

## References
## Other websites 
* Israel Trade Fairs & Convention Center
Kajol

**Kajol Devgan** (née **Mukherjee**) (born 5 August 1974), better known as **Kajol** is an Indian actress who appears in Bollywood films. She has also appeared in two Tamil films.  She has received six Filmfare Awards. In 2011, she was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award by the Government of India.

## Early life
Kajol is half Marathi and half Bengali. She was born to actress Tanuja and film director and producer, Shomu Mukherjee. Her younger sister, Tanisha Mukherjee is also an actress. Her cousins, Rani Mukherjee, Sharbani Mukherjee and Mohnish Behl are also Bollywood actors.

## Career
She started her career at the age of seventeen. She started in her first movie in 1992 with the movie *Bekhudi* which failed to do well at the box office although this didn't affect her career. A year later in 1993, she starred in *Baazigar* which was a box office hit. Since then, she has done many commercially successful movies which include *Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge*, *Karan Arjun*, *Ishq*, *Gupt*, *Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya*, *Kuch Kuch Hota Hai*, *Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain*, *Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham*, *Fanaa*, *My Name Is Khan, and Dilwale.*

## Personal life
She is married to fellow actor, Ajay Devgn. They have a daughter and a son. 
## Awards
### Filmfare Awards
* 2010 Best Actress - *My Name Is Khan*
*2006 Best Actress - *Fanaa*
*2001 Best Actress - *Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham*
*1998 Best Actress - *Kuch Kuch Hota Hai*
*1997 Best Villain/Villainess - *Gupt*
*1995 Best Actress - *Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge*

### Screen Weekly Awards
*2002 Best Actress - *Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham*
*1999 Best Actress - *Dushman*

### Padma Shri Award
*2011 Padma Shri by the Government of India

## References
Zipper (ride)

, Maryland]]
The **Zipper** is an amusement park ride that was invented by Joseph Brown as a part of Chance Rides, Inc.. More than 200 Zipper units since the ride's beginning in 1968.
Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka

is one of three wards of the city of Shizuoka.

The municipality was "Shimizu City" until it merged with Shizuoka in 2005.

## History
 woodblock print by Hiroshige, circa 1830s]]

Shimizu developed around its good natural harbor.

## Geography
Shimizu is located on the coast of Suruga Bay of the Pacific Ocean.   

## Related pages
* *The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō*

## References
## Other websites
Lim Su-kyung

**Lim Su-kyung** (Hangul: 임수경; Hanja: 林秀卿; born 6 November, 1968) is a South Korean politician.

## References 
* 임수경 방북 사건 
* 임수경평양축전참가사건 
* 임수경 막말 논란… 백요셉 "탈북 대학생에 하태경 변절자XX 내손으로" 폭언
Bear Grylls

**Edward Michael "Bear" Grylls** (born 7 June 1974) is an English-Irish  adventurer. He has been the Chief Scout since 2009.

His wife is Shara Cannings Knight and his parents are the late Conservative MP Sir Michael Grylls and Lady Grylls (she is of Irish origin).

## References
## Other websites
George Segal

* (1966)]]

**George Segal, Jr.** (February 13, 1934 &ndash; March 23, 2021) was an American movie, television, stage, voice actor, comedian, and musician who was known for his roles in; *Retired at 35*, *Just Shoot Me!*, *Who's Afraid of Virginia the Wolf*, *The Quiller Memorandum*, *Look Who's Talking*, and *Fun with Dick and Jane''. Segal won a Golden Globe Award in 1973.

## Early life
Segal was born on February 13, 1934 in Great Neck, New York and studied at George School, Haverford College, and at Columbia University.  

### Personal life
Segal was married to Marion Segal Freed from 1956 until they divorced in 1981. He later married Linda Rogoff from 1983 until her death in 1996. He was later married to Sonia Schultz Greenbaum 1996 until his death. He had two children with Freed.

Segal died at a hospital in Santa Rosa, California on March 23, 2021 from problems caused by heart surgery, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Richard Riehle

**Richard Riehle** (born May 12, 1948) is an American movie, television, voice, and stage actor who is known for his roles in *Messengers 2: The Scarecrow*, *The Man from Earth*, *Treasure Buddies*, *Santa Buddies*, *Office Space*, and *Chillerama*. He also voiced Bumi in the Nickelodeon animated series *The Legend of Korra*.

Riehle was born on May 12, 1948 in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin and studied at the University of Notre Dame and at the University of Minnesota. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Dick Anthony Williams

**Dick Anthony Williams** (August 9, 1934 – February 16, 2012) was an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his roles in; ''Mo' Better Blues*, *Blood and Bone*, *The Players Club*, *Edward Scissorhands*, and *The Anderson Tapes''. He has won a Drama Desk Award. He was born on August 9, 1934 in Chicago, Illinois. Williams died on February 16, 2012 in his Los Angeles, California from unknown causes, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Ben Mendelsohn

**Paul Benjamin** "**Ben**" **Mendelsohn** (born 3 April 1969) is an Australian movie, television, stage and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Andrew "Pope" Cody in *Animal Kingdom*, Russell in *Killing Them Softly*, John Daggett in *The Dark Knight Rises*, Orson Krennic in *Rogue One*, King George VI in *Darkest Hour* and as Nolan Sorrento in *Ready Player One*.

Mendelsohn was born on 3 April 1969 in Melbourne, Victoria. He was married to Emma Forrest since 2012.

## References
## Other websites
*
Cheap

**Cheap** may refer to:
**Cheap* (album), debut album from Seasick Steve
**Cheap* (EP), twelve-inch EP by Brainbombs
*Cheap (ward)
*Characteristic behavior of a miser
Cheap (ward)

**Cheap** (meaning market) is a small ward of the City of London. 

## References
## Other websites
* Map of Early Modern London:  Cheap Ward  - Historical Map and Encyclopedia of Shakespeare's London (Scholarly)
* Corporation of London  Cheap ward boundaries
Quinton Flynn

**Quinton Joseph Flynn** (born October 10, 1964) is an American voice actor. Who has done many various voice roles in television shows, anime, films and video games.

He is most notable for providing the English voices of video game characters. 

## Filmography
### Animation
* *Aladdin* – Additional voices
* *Animaniacs* – Joey Tribbiani, Ross Geller
* *As Told by Ginger* – George Magrority
* *Avatar: The Last Airbender* – Mugger Tycho (Ep. 35)
* ''The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes* – Malekith the Accursed
* *Codename: Kids Next Door* – Additional voices
* *Detention* – Additional voices
* *Fantastic Four* – Human Torch/Johnny Storm
* *League of Legends * - Jhin (English Voice)

* League of Legends - Jhin
* *Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII* – Additional voices (English voice)
* *Mad Max* – Additional voices
* *Mass Effect 2* – Kolyat Krios, Bartender
* *Mass Effect 3* – Kolyat Krios
* *Marvel: Ultimate Alliance* – Spider-Man/Peter Parker, Arcade
* *Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty* – Raiden (English voice)
* *PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale* – Raiden
* *Rogue Galaxy* – Monsha, Toady, Ugozl lo Burkaqua (English voice)
* *Romancing SaGa* – Scorn (uncredited) (English voice)
* *Shellshock: Nam '67* – Corey, U.S. Soldiers, Pilots, Prisoner #10
* *Skylanders: Trap Team* – Dr. Krankcase
* *SOCOM II: U.S. Navy SEALs* – Russian Spetznaz Operative: Bludshot
* *Sonic the Hedgehog* series – Silver the Hedgehog (2010–present) (Credited as Derek Allen) (English voice)
** *Colors* – Silver the Hedgehog (DS version)
** *Free Riders*
** *Generations*
** *Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games*
*** *London 2012*
*** *Rio 2016*
*** *Sochi 2014*
* *Skylanders: Trap Team* – Dr. Krankcase (English Voice)
* *Spider-Man: Friend or Foe* – Venom
* *Star Wars: Droid Works* – Eger Droid, and Tough Droid
* *Star Wars: The Old Republic* – Hunter, Neuman
* *Tenchu: Wrath of Heaven* – Tatsumaru (English voice)
* *Tenchu 2: Birth of the Stealth Assassins* – Wang Xiaoha (English voice)
* *The Curse of Monkey Island* – Mr. Fossey
* *The Wonderful 101* – Prince Vorkken (English voice)
* *Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon 2* – Additional voices
* *Tony Hawk's Downhill Jam* – Interviewer Kevin Stabb
* *Twisted Metal: Head-On* – One of the drunk guys who wakes up Mortimer Scharf (Shadow)
* *Valkyria Chronicles* – Aged Gentleman, additional voices (English voice)
* *Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne'' – Prince Kael'thas Sunstrider, additional voices
* *World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade* – Prince Kael'thas Sunstrider, High Botanist Freywinn
* *World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King* – Captain Brandon, Festergut
* *X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse* – Banshee, Abyss
* *Zatch Bell! Mamodo Battles* – Doctor Riddles, Victoream (English voice)
* *Zatch Bell! Mamodo Fury* – Doctor Riddles, Haru, Victoream (English voice)
* *Dying Light* – Irwin

## Other websites
* 
* 

## References
Jorge B. Vargas

**Jorge B. Vargas** (August 24, 1890 – February 22, 1980) was Philippine politician.  He was Chairman of Philippine Executive Commission from 1942 to 1943.

In January 30, 1936 he was Executive Secretary of Philippine Presidents Manuel Quezon. December 22, 1941 to January 23, 1942, he was Head of the Civilian Emergency Administration and Mayor of Manila. In 1941 he was appointed to Secretary of National Defense.

He was also the first Filipino member of the International Olympic Committee.

He was one of the charter members of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines in 1936.  In 1949 he became the BSP's President and Chief Scout. He was in the position of National President until 1961. He became a member of the World Scout Committee of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1951 to 1957.

## References
Anna Chlumsky

**Anna Chlumsky** (born December 3, 1980 in Chicago) is an American movie and television actress. She played the character Vada in the 1991 movie *My Girl* and *My Girl 2* in 1994. She got her start in 1989 in the movie *Uncle Buck*. She stopped acting for a while but recently worked on the show *Veep* on HBO as Amy Brookheimer.

## Other websites 
*
Caroll Spinney

**Caroll Edwin Spinney** (December 26, 1933 &ndash; December 8, 2019) was an American puppeteer, songwriter, radio host,  and speaker. He was known for playing Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch on *Sesame Street*.

He announced his retirement from acting in October 2018, with his last performances airing on the show's 50th season special.

Spinney died at his home in Woodstock, Connecticut, on December 8, 2019, at the age of 85. He had dystonia, a neurological disorder, at the time of his death.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ray Bentley

**Ray Russell Bentley** (born November 25, 1960 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is a former American football player and current football analyst for ESPN and ESPNU.

## Playing career
Bentley's first three years in professional football were with the Michigan Panthers and Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League. 

He later joined the Buffalo Bills. He played six seasons with the team. He was in their first two Super Bowl years in the 1990s. Bentley's career ended with the Cincinnati Bengals in 1992.

## Broadcasting career
His broadcasting career includes:
*NFL on Fox color commentator/play-by-play
*AFL on NBC color commentator
*AFL on ESPN color commentator
*College Football on ESPN and ESPNU color commentator
*Buffalo Bills preseason play-by-play with Steve Tasker

## References