open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Steffisburg

**Steffisburg** is a municipality in Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020, the municipality Schwendibach became part of Steffisburg.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Steffisburg  
*
Hebron Old Jewish Cemetery

**Hebron Jewish Cemetery** is an ancient cemetery in Hebron. the cemetery was open in 1290 near the "Cave of the Patriarchs (Tel Rumeida of today)". 

## Gallery

File:חלקת הרבנים הספרדים בבית העלמין העתיק בחברון.jpeg|
File:חלקת "קדושי תרפ"ט" בבית העלמין העתיק בחברון.jpg|

## Other websites
The Last Judgment (Toma din Suceava)

***The Last Judgment*** is a fresco by Toma din Suceava at the Moldovita Monastery in Romania. The name of the work in Romanian is "Judecata de Apoi".

*The Last Judgment* covers the west wall of the monastery.  It shows the day of judgment with a river of fire and the dead coming out of the sea. Prince Mohammed is one of the heretics. There are 105 paintings of angels near the roof.

## Prince Rares and the artists 
The Moldovita Monastery is a UNESCO site.  It was started in 1532 by Prince Petru Rares, the illegitimate son of Stephen the Great. It was built on the location of an old stone church built by Alexandru cel Bun (1400-1432).  The old church fell in the early 16th century because of rain and landslides. It is a Romanian Orthodox monastery.

The Moldoviţa frescoes were completed by Toma of Suceava in 1537.

## The Last Judgment in art 
The theme of death is a common subject for religious art, but the frescos in the monasteries in northern Moldavia are special.  These frescos are more complex than art in other areas of the former Byzantine Empire.  The Moldovan work was a model for Mount Athos.

The oldest image of the Last Judgment is from the seventh century CE.  It is in the *Christian Topography* of Cosmas Indicopleustes. The manuscript is in the Vatican library. The first known frightening picture of the Judgment in fresco are from 1075.  They are in the church "San Angelo in Formis" near Naples.  The oldest mosaic with this theme is in Venice, in the church of Torcello. It is probably from the twelfth century.

## Gallery 

Moldovita murals 2010 16.jpg
Moldovita murals 2010 17.jpg
Moldovita murals 2010 40.jpg
Watra Mołdowica Vatra Moldoviţei , cerkiew, fresk.jpg
Watra Mołdowica(Vatra Moldoviţei), cerkiew, fresk.jpg
Watra Mołdowica (Vatra Moldoviţei), cerkiew, fresk.jpg

## References 
## Other websites
*Churches of Moldavia photo gallery (UNESCO--public domain)
* The Christian Topography  by Cosmas Indicopleustes  fol 89r plate iii, scan of Codex Vat.gr.699 on Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana website
Canton of Capellen

**Capellen** () is a canton in Luxembourg.  Its capital is Capellen.

## History
On 1 January 2012, the *communes* of Bascharage and Clemency were combined to make the new *commune* of Käerjeng.

## Geography
With an area of , and a population (2017) of 47,209, the Capellen canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The canton has the Redange canton to the north, the Mersch canton to northeast, the Luxembourg canton to the east and the Esch-sur-Alzette canton to the south. The canton borders, to the west, the *arrondissement* of Arlon in Belgium.

## Communes
The Capellen canton consists of the following 10 communes (2017 population).
#Dippach (4,178)
#Garnich (2,099)
#Hobscheid (3,518)
#Käerjeng (10,232)), formed January 1, 2012 from:
#*Bascharage and 
#*Clemency
#Kehlen (5,903)
#Koerich (2,528)
#Kopstal (3,673)
#Mamer (9,185)
#Septfontaines (812)
#Steinfort (5,081)

## Related pages
* Cantons of Luxembourg
* Districts of Luxembourg (a type of subdivision that no longer exists)
* List of cities in Luxembourg

## References
Emergency medical services

, Switzerland. The blue "Star of Life" is a common symbol of emergency medical services.]]
Emergency medical services (EMS), also known as ambulance services or paramedic services, are agencies that deal with medical emergencies, mostly by sending ambulances or other vehicles to help people who are severely ill or injured. Their job is to treat these people at the incident and to take them to a hospital if needed. There are several types types of staffing. Most Ambulances and other medical vehicles have personnel who provide Advanced levels of Emergency Medical Care. This is called Advanced Life Support (ALS). Sometimes it is called Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). Some ambulances or other medical vehicles also have staff with more basic training,and they are known as Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). They provide Basic levels of Emergency Medical Care. This is called Basic Life Support (BLS). Sometimes there are both on Ambulances. Doctors sometimes assist with care.

The exact role of the emergency medical services varies by country. In some countries like the US and UK, their job is seen as bringing the patients from an incident to treatment. Until the 1970s, their ambulances carried patients to hospital and gave them little medical care. Since then, paramedics have been trained to give some medical care before they get to hospital. Other countries like France and Germany run them in a different way, where their job is seen as bringing treatment to the patients. In those countries, doctors work on ambulances and they try to treat patients at the scene rather than take them to the hospital.

The type of organization that provides emergency medical services also varies by country. This may be:
*A government EMS agency
*A fire department
*A hospital
*A business
*A non-profit organization, such as Red Cross and St John Ambulance

## Related pages 
*Emergency medicine
*First aid
* Mass Gathering Medicine
* Battlefield medicine
* Wilderness medicine

## Further reading
**Planning Emergency Medical Communications: Volume 2, Local/Regional Level Planning Guide*, (Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, 1995).
*  Prener, Christopher.  *Medicine at the Margins: EMS Workers in Urban America* (Fordham University Press, 2022) online review

## Other websites
*"Emergency Medical Services in the European Union: report of an assessment project co-ordinated by the European Union" 
*World Health Organization: Department of Violence and Injury Prevention "Prehospital Trauma Care Systems"
*Safety Guidelines: Emergency Response and Recovery Workers, by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Adolf Born

**Adolf Born** (12 June 1930 &ndash; 22 May 2016) was a Czech painter, illustrator, caricaturist, animator and film-maker. He was known as a children's illustrator for most of his career. Born was a finalist for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2008. The asteroid 17806 Adolfborn is named after him.

Born died on 22 May 2016 in Prague at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
*Born at Galerie Krause 
*Born at ArtForum 
*2008 Exhibition in Greece 
**Interview in Athens News 
*
*Recently illustrated world classics  
*Review by Czech Business Weekly
Ljubiša Samardžić

**Ljubiša Samardžić** (19 November 1936 &ndash; 8 September 2017) was a Serbian actor and director. He was best known as *Šurda* in the popular television series *Vruć vetar*. He was a popular cinema actor in the Serbian movie industry. Samardžić was a member of the Central Committee of Yugoslav Communist Party in late 1980s.

Samardžić was born in Skopje, Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

## References
## Other websites
*
Isaac Parker

**Isaac Charles Parker** (October 15, 1838&nbsp;– November 17, 1896) was an American politician and jurist. He served as the United States Congressman for Missouri's 7th congressional district for two terms and presided over the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas for 21 years. He was known as the "Hanging Judge". 

Parker died of complications due to Bright's disease in Fort Smith, aged 58.

In 21 years on the federal bench, Parker tried 13,490 cases; more than 8,500 defendants either pleaded guilty or were convicted at trial. He sentenced 160 people to death and 79 were executed; the others died while incarcerated, were acquitted, pardoned, or their sentences were commuted.

## References
## Other websites
* National Park Service (National Historic Site) entry about Judge Isaac Parker
* 
* Judge Isaac Parker reference on About.com 
* 
* List of men executed at Fort Smith while Isaac Parker presided
Canton of Clervaux

**Clervaux** () is a canton in Luxembourg. Its capital is Clervaux.

## Geography
With an area of , and a population (2017) of 17,631, the Clervaux canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

It is bordered on the north by the *arrondissement* of Verviers in Belgium, to the east by the German district of Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (part of the *Land* of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the southeast by the Vianden canton, to the south by the Diekirch canton, to the southwest by the Wiltz canton, and to the west by the *arrondissement* of Bastogne in Belgium.

## Communes
The Clervaux canton has 5 communes (2017 population).
#Clervaux (5,069)
#Parc Hosingen (3,434)
#Troisvierges (3,141)
#Weiswampach (1,760)
#Wincrange (4,227)

## Related pages
* Cantons of Luxembourg
* Districts of Luxembourg (former)
* List of cities in Luxembourg

## References
## Other websites
Mario Almada

**Mario Almada Otero** (born January 7, 1922 &ndash; October 4, 2016) was a Mexican actor. His career has lasted for over 70 years. He has appeared in over 300 movies. He was most known for his roles in urban westerns and action movies.

Almada died in his sleep of natural causes in Mexico City, Mexico, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
Manuel Valdés

**Manuel "El Loco" Valdés** (29 January 1931 &ndash; 28 August 2020) was a Mexican actor and comedian. He was member of the Valdés family. He was the brother of Ramón Valdés (aka "Don Ramón"), from the sitcom "El Chavo", and Germán Valdés (aka "Tin Tan"). 

He was also the father of singer Cristian Castro and Marcos Valdés.

He was known for his roles in *La Carabina de Ambrosio*, *La pulquería*, *La leyenda de la Nahuala*, *Caperucita y Pulgarcito contra los monstruos* and *Calabacitas tiernas*. He was in three telenovelas: *Amy, la niña de la mochila azúl* (2004), *Entre el amor y el odio* (2002) and *Siempre te amaré* (2000).

Valdés died on 28 August 2020 from problems caused by pancreatic cancer in Mexico City, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
*
Acid–base reaction

An **acid-base reaction** is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base. The products of such a reaction are a salt and water. This reaction may also regarded as neutralization reaction.

The reaction can be simplified to
:(aq) + (aq) —> [[water (molecule)|]]
The other ions remain constant because they are not affected by the reaction. They are called spectator ions.

## Acids and oxides 
An example of an acid-oxide reaction is sulfuric acid and copper(II) oxide reacting to form copper sulfate and water:

:H2SO4 + CuO —> CuSO4 + H2O

Another example of an acid-oxide reaction is hydrochloric acid reacting with sodium oxide to form sodium chloride and water:

:2 HCl + Na2O —> 2 NaCl + H2O

The general equation is:

:acid + oxide —> salt + water

## Acids and hydroxides 
This is one of the more common acid-base reactions. This reaction is one of the few processes to make sodium chloride and water using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:

:HCl + NaOH —> NaCl + H2O

## Acids and carbonates 
An acid can also react with a carbonate, which is a relatively weak base. An example is hydrochloric acid reacting with sodium carbonate to form sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water:

: 2 HCl + Na2CO3 —> 2 NaCl + CO2 + H2O

The products of an acid-carbonate reaction is a soluble salt, carbon dioxide and water.
Auswil

**Auswil** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Auswil
Akhtar Mansour

Mullah **Akhtar Mohammed Mansoor** (; pronounced  or ; 2 June 1953 – 21 May 2016) was an Afghan politician, soldier, Islamic scholar and a religious leader who was the 2nd Leader of the Taliban from 2015 until his death in 2016. Previously, he was the First Deputy Leader of the Taliban from 2010 to 2015, Second Deputy Leader of the Taliban from 2007 to 2010, and also a Member of the Leadership Council of Afghanistan from 2002 to 2007 and the Civil Aviation Minister of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001.

Mansour took power over the Taliban after the death of his predecessor, Mullah Omar in 2013. However, Mansour served as acting leader and wasn't officially sworn in on 29 Juky 2015 when they officially admitted Omar's death.

During Mansour's rule, the Taliban expanded greatly in Afghanistan. He also greatly improved ties with al-Qaeda by meeting their leader, Ayman al-Zawahiri, the successor and close ally of Osama bin Laden.

A United States Department of Defense official has announced that Mansour was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Ahmad Wal, Pakistan while driving his car to visit his family get medical treatment for some of his injuries on 21 May 2016, at the age of 62. He was succeeded by his first deputy, Hibatullah Akhundzada, who successfully retook power over Afghanistan following the Fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021.

## References
## Other websites
* T.A.C. – link published November 2009
* P. Tomsen – text published by *PublicAffairs*, November 25, 2013, 912 pages,
Ballmoos

**Ballmoos** was a municipality of the district of Fraubrunnen in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the municipality of Ballmoos merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf.
Lucjan Avgustini

in Paris, 2015]]
**Lucjan Avgustini** (August 28, 1963 &ndash; May 22, 2016) was an Albanian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sapë.

Avgustini was born in Ferizaj, SFR Yugoslavia. Avgustini was a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Prizren from 1989 to 2006. In 2006, he was made the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sapë in Albania.

Avgustini died on May 22, 2016 from a brain tumor in Vau i Dejës, Albania, aged 52.

## References
Bata Živojinović

**Velimir "Bata" Živojinović** (Serbian Cyrillic: Велимир "Бата" Живојиновић; 5 June 1933 – 22 May 2016) was a Serbian actor and politician. His best known movie was *Valter brani Sarajevo*. He become popular in China for his role in the movie. In 1990 he was elected for the Serbian Parliament, as a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia. He was a candidate in the September-October 2002 presidential election, receiving 3.27% of the popular vote.

Živojinović died on 22 May 2016 in Belgrade from complications of gangrene at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond

**Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond** (Welsh: *Edmwnd ap Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur*; 11 June 1430 — 3 November 1456) was a Welsh knight and nobleman who was the Earl of Richmond from 1452 until his death in 1456. Edmund was the father of Henry VII, who invaded England and became king of England in 1485. He was the oldest child of Owen Tudor and his wife, the dowager queen Catherine of Valois. He was also a half-brother to Henry VI.

In 1455, he married the 12-year-old woman, Lady Margaret Beaufort, who would become one of the most powerful women in Europe. He was a brave knight. He participated in the War of the Roses fighting for the Lancaster side. However, while he was fighting, he was captured by a Yorkist soilder and was imprisoned at Carmarthen Castle where he was murdered there at the age of 26. He was buried at St David's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire. His only child would be born two months after his death.
Great Seal

**Great Seal** might refer to the official seal of a political unit, such as:
*Great Seal of Vermont
*Great Seal of the United States
Scion FR-S

The Scion FR-s is a sports car developed by Toyota and Subaru. It features a rear wheel drive drivetrain and 2+2 seating.

It is sold worldwide under three different brands with respective model names:
* **Toyota 86** in Asia, South Africa, North America (from August 2016), South America and Australia; **GT86** in Europe; New Zealand; **FT86** in Nicaragua and Jamaica;
* **Subaru BRZ** worldwide;
* **Scion FR-S** in the US and Canada. After August 2016, the Scion FR-S will be renamed as the Toyota 86.

## References
Veiled Christ

The ***Veiled Christ*** (Italian: *Cristo velato*) is a statue made of marble. It was made by Giuseppe Sanmartino. It is in Cappella Sansevero, Naples.

The sculpture, made in 1753, is considered one of the world's masterpieces. Antonio Canova who once tried to acquire the work declared that he would willingly give up ten years of his own life to produce a similar masterpiece.

## History and description 
The order for the Veiled Christ was given to Antonio Corradini.  However, he died a short time later.

Sanmartino took over the work. He decided to place the Christ figure on a couch, covered by a veil. It was to show the suffering that Christ has undergone.

At the sculpture's feet, finally, the artist also carves the instruments of his torture: the crown of thorns, pliers, and some shackles.

## Legend of the veil 
|thumb]]

An analysis shows that the work is completely made in marble. A receipt of payment to Sanmartino dated 16 December 1752, signed by the prince, is preserved in the historical archive of the Bank of Naples. It states:

## References 
* Elio Catello, *Giuseppe Sanmartino (1720-1793)*, Napoli, Electa, 2004.

## Other websites 
* Official website of the Museum of the Cappella Sansevero
The Parish Church of St. Lawrence

**The Parish Church of St. Lawrence in Radymno** is a historic church in Poland. It is in the Przemyśl archdiocese.

The church was built in the years 1724-1730 in the Baroque style. The bishop Aleksander Antoni Fredro was the prime mover of this facture. By the church there is a belfry from the year 1729, an antique manse and a nuns' home. During the First World War St. Lawrence's church was vastly damaged but shortly after the war it was renovated. After the Second World War the aim was to embellish the temple which is why, the front of the church and the belfry renovations. The temple's historic door was rebuilt as well.

The interior has got 7 altars. Some of the altars are: St. Anna's altar, Jezus's Sacred Heart altar, St. Agnes's altar and St. Nicholas's altar. Inside the church there is a solid pulpit which has got a rich wood carving decoration. There is also the fontal source with figures of Jesus and John the Baptist. It comes from the first half of the 19th century.

## References 
*http://radymno.przemyska.pl/historia/
Clash of Clans

***Clash of Clans*** is a freemium mobile strategy game made by the Finnish company Supercell. It was released to the App Store for iOS platforms on August 2, 2012 and to Google Play for Android on October 7, 2013.

*Clash of Clans* is a massively multiplayer online game where players train their troops and attack other players' towns to earn gold and elixir, the in-game currency. Gold and elixir can be used to build defenses for the player's town, make upgrades, and more. Also, players can join a group called a clan to help its members or to receive help from them.

## References
Joaquín Castro

**Joaquín Castro** (born September 16, 1974) is an American politician. He has served in the United States House of Representatives for Texas's 20th congressional district since 2013.

Julián Castro was the 16th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the Cabinet of President Barack Obama and is a candidate for President in the 2020 election.

In July 2022, Castro was diagnosed with small intestine cancer which had spread to his liver. He had surgery in February 2023 to remove the tumors.

## References
## Other websites
*Congressman Joaquin Castro official U.S. House website
*Joaquin Castro for Congress
*
*
Gert Bals

**Gert Bals** (18 October 1936 &ndash; 20 May 2016) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a goalkeeper.

Bals became the first Dutch goalkeeper in an UEFA Cup final, when he played for Ajax in the 1969 European Cup Final against Milan.

He played 216 official matches for Ajax after making his debut for them in August 1965 and won 4 league titles with the club. He won the Dutch Footballer of the Year Award in 1969.

He finished his career at Vitesse after losing Ajax´ number one jersey to Heinz Stuy in 1970.

## References
Howard Schultz

**Howard D. Schultz** (born July 19, 1953) is an American businessman. He is best known as the chairman and CEO of Starbucks and a former owner of the Seattle SuperSonics. He was a member of the Board of Directors at Square, Inc..

In 1998, Schultz co-founded Maveron, an investment group, with Dan Levitan. In 2012, *Forbes* magazine ranked Schultz as the 354th richest person in the United States, with a net worth of $1.5 billion.

On June 4, 2018, Schultz announced his retirement as executive chairman. However, he returned to the role in March 2022.

In January 2019, it was reported that Schultz was considering running as an independent candidate in the election. Schultz announced on January 27, 2019 that he would explore a bid as an independent candidate. However in June 2019, he ruled out a presidential bid citing health concerns. In September 2019, Schultz formally said he would not run saying he would not want to risk re-electing President Donald Trump.

## References
Burt Kwouk

**Herbert W. "Burt" Kwouk**, OBE (pron. "Kwok"; ; 18 July 1930 – 24 May 2016) was a British actor.

Kwouk was born in Warrington to Chinese parents. He was raised in Shanghai.

Kwouk was known for his role as Cato (spelled "Kato" in the 1964 release *A Shot in the Dark*) in the *Pink Panther* movies. He was also known for his role of Major Yamauchi in the British drama series *Tenko* and, later, as Entwistle in *Last of the Summer Wine*.

In the 2011 New Year Honours List, Burt Kwouk was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to drama.

Kwouk died on 24 May 2016 in London, England of cancer of unknown primary origin, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tom Steyer

**Thomas Fahr "Tom" Steyer** (born June 27, 1957) is an American hedge fund manager, politician, philanthropist, and environmentalist. Steyer is the founder and former Co-Senior Managing Partner of Farallon Capital Management, LLC and the co-founder of Beneficial State Bank. Steyer was on the Board of Trustees at Stanford University from 2012 to 2017.

Steyer unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 2020. He is currently running for Governor of California in the 2026 gubernatorial election.

## Early life and education
Steyer was born in Manhattan, New York City. His mother, Marnie (née Fahr) was a teacher and his father, Roy Henry Steyer was a law firm partner and was a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials. 

Steyer grew up on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. He graduated from Yale University *summa cum laude* in economics and political science. Steyer received his MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business. 

## Political activity
In 2017, Steyer spent around $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the impeachment of President Donald Trump and plans to spend millions more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trump's impeachment. Steyer thought about running for Governor of California in the 2018 gubernatorial election as a stance against President Trump.

### 2020 presidential campaign
On July 9, 2019, Steyer announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the 2020 election. He stated that he would be running in the Democratic primaries in an online campaign video. He dropped out of the race after losing the South Carolina primary on February 29, 2020. Steyer spent $250 million of his own money on his campaign. This was more than any other candidate in history, except Mike Bloomberg's campaign.

### 2024 presidential election 
In 2023, Steyer held a fundraiser for President Joe Biden's re-election campaign for president in his San Francisco home.

### 2026 California gubernatorial campaign
In November 2025, Steyer announced his candidacy for Governor of California in the 2026 gubernatorial election.

## Personal life
In August 1986, Steyer married Kathryn Ann Taylor. They have four children, Samuel Taylor ("Sam"), Charles Augustus ("Gus"), Evelyn Hoover ("Evi"), and Henry Hume ("Henry"). They live in San Francisco, California.

Steyer has a net worth of $1.6 billion. Steyer wears tartan neckties every day, because in his words “You gotta dress up for a fight.”

## References
## Other websites
*Farallon Capital Management 
*Hellman & Friedman LLC
*OneCalifornia Bank
*TomKat Ranch
Alfredo Lim

**Alfredo Siojo Lim** (; 21 December 1929 &ndash; 8 August 2020) was a Filipino politician. He served as Mayor of the City of Manila from 1992 to 1998 and 2007 to 2013. He also served as senator of the Philippines from 2004 to 2007. He ran for president in 1998, but lost to Joseph Estrada.

He lost his re-election campaign in 2013, but lost to former President of the Philippines Joseph Estrada. He ran again in 2016, but narrowly lost to Estrada again by less than 1%.

On 7 August 2020, Lim was hospitalized in Manila with COVID-19. He died the next day from the infection at the age of 90.

## Notes
## Other websites
*
*
*Alfredo Lim's Assets and Liabilities
*The Mayor's Page 
*The Official Website of the City of Manila 
*Alfredo S. Lim - WikiPilipinas
Gender equality

**Gender equality** is a belief that both men and women should receive equal treatment. That people should not be discriminated against because of their gender. It can also be called sex equality, gender egalitarianism, sexual equality or equality of the genders. 

Gender equality is supported by feminists,  humanists and masculinists.

## Related pages 
*Co-education
*Men's rights
*Men's rights movement 
*Social equality
*Women's rights
*Women's rights movement

## References
Canton of Echternach

**Echternach** () is a canton in east Luxembourg. Its capital is Echternach.

## Geography
Its area is . The population in 2017 was 18,702. The Echternach canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

It is bordered on the north by the German district of Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (part of the *Land* of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the east by the Trier-Saarburg district (also part of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the south by the Grevenmacher canton and to the west by the Diekirch and the  Mersch cantons

Part of this canton is a natural region called the **Little Switzerland**.

## Communes
The Echternach canton has 8 communes (2017 population).
#Beaufort (2,699)
#Bech (1,287)
#Berdorf (1,870)
#Consdorf (1,953)
#Echternach (5,530)
#Mompach (1,303)
#Rosport (2,293)
#Waldbillig (1,767)

## Related pages
* Cantons of Luxembourg
* Districts of Luxembourg (former)
* List of cities in Luxembourg

## References
Jazz dance

's American Dance Theater]]
, New York ~1947]]

**Jazz dance** is a dance genre which is easy to recognise, but not easy to define. It is, like some other forms of dance and music, an African influence in western culture.

:"[Jazz dance was] developed by African Americans in the first part of the twentieth century".

Its origins were in social dancing to the music of jazz, but it developed into a type of stage dancing.

Today, jazz dance is taught to students of stage dancing. The ISTD (Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing) lists jazz dance under 'Modern Theatre', and the IDTA (International Dance Teachers Association) lists it in their 'Theatre Branch'. Professional stage dancers are certain to have some kind of jazz dance training.

Modern ballet has also been influenced by jazz dance. Balanchine's ballet *Slaughter on Tenth Avenue* was the climax of the Broadway musical *On Your Toes* (1936), Kathleen Dunham and Bob Fosse were famous jazz dancers and choreographers.

## References
Bangerten

**Bangerten** was a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Bangerten merged into the municipality of Rapperswil.
Bannwil

**Bannwil** is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## References
Viktor Kulikov

**Viktor Kulikov** (July 5, 1921 – May 28, 2013 in Moscow) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union and commander-in-chief of the Warsaw Pact from 1977 until 1989.

Kulikov first served in the military during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945). After that, he was given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.  

In 1983, he was honored with the Lenin Prize.
Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad

**Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad** (born 22 March 1939; also known as *Kāntapuraṃ Ě.pi. Abūbakkar Musliyār*). He is the President of the Islamic Community of India, Founder and Chancellor of the Jamia Markaz and General Secretary of the All India Sunni Jamiyyathul Ulama.

## Religious and social views 
In August 2014, he has condemned Islamic extremism saying "Militant groups such as the Islamic State (IS) are trying to defame a religion that advocates peace and tolerance."

In November 2015, he commented on gender equality saying women could never equal men 

## References
University of Hong Kong

The **University of Hong Kong** (also called **Hong Kong University** or **HKU**) is a university in Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. It is the oldest university in Hong Kong. In 2016, it was listed as the 45th best university in world reputation rankings.

The university offers subjects in:
*Arts and humanities
*Business and Economics
*Clinical, pre-clinical and health
*Computer science
*Engineering and technology
*Life sciences
*Physical Sciences
*Social sciences

## Reputation and rankings 
University rankings
*Global – Overall
#ARWU World:	88 (2023)
#QS World:	17 (2025)
#THE World: 	 35 (2024)
#THE Reputation:	61-70 (2023)
#USNWR Global:	44 (tie) (2024)
*Regional – Overall
#QS Asia:	2 (2025)
#THE Asia:	4 (2023)
#USNWR Asia:	6 (2023

### Overall ranking 
HKU was ranked #17 worldwide in *QS* 2025, #35 worldwide in *THE* 2025, #88 worldwide in *ARWU* 2023, and #44 worldwide in *U.S. News* 2024.

The Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities (ARTU), which sorts universities based on their combined performance across *THE*, *QS*, and *ARWU*, found that HKU was the 42nd best-ranked university worldwide in 2023.

HKU was ranked 61-70th in the *THE World Reputation Rankings* 2023.

HKU is ranked as the most international university in the world in 2023 by *Times Higher Education*.

### Subject ranking 
#### *QS* subject rankings 
In the *QS World University Rankings* by broad subject area 2023:

#### *THE* subject rankings 
In the *Times Higher Education World University Rankings by subject* 2024:

### Graduate Employability Ranking 
HKU graduates ranked 47th worldwide in the *Times Higher Education*'s Global University Employability Ranking 2022, and 10th worldwide in the *QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2022*.

## References
Bäriswil, Bern

**Bäriswil** is a municipality in the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the cantons of Berne in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Direct tax

A **direct tax** is a tax paid directly to the government by a person or organization. A direct tax may not be passed on to another person or  but must be paid by the entity responsible for the tax. A direct tax is different from an indirect tax, which is paid by someone other than the person or entity who would normally be responsible for it. For example, a tax owed on a piece of property is a direct tax. In the US and other countries, businesses and individuals need to file an Income Tax Return every year. Before the Sixteenth Amendment, any direct tax levied by the federal government had to be apportioned among the states by population. As apportionment by population proved to be virtually impossible, levying direct taxes was prevented by this article of the Constitution until it was changed in 1913. In the United States the federal corporate tax is a direct tax, but is different from income tax. It taxes net income (profits) not gross income (on which income taxes are based). They are usually collected by local governments and are based on a ized value of a property. Property tax money is usually used for schools, community safety and local infrastructure.  rates refer to the *mill*: one one-thousandth of a dollar. The millage rate is the amount of taxes levied per $1,000 of property value. For example, if the millage rate is 3 mills (or 3 tenths of a penny), a property valued at $300,000 would be a tax of $900.

## Related pages 
* Tax
* Indirect tax
* Sales tax
* Value Added Tax

## References
Wallis Simpson

**Wallis Simpson** (born **Bessie Wallis Warfield**; 19 June 1896 – 24 April 1986), who later became the **Duchess of Windsor**, caused a serious crisis in the mid-1930s when the heir to the throne of the United Kingdom, Prince Edward, fell in love with her. However, she was married to another man, and she had already gotten a divorce from her first husband to marry him. In 1936, she divorced her second husband.

## Abdication of Edward VIII
On 20 January 1936, King George V died, and Edward became king. Edward VIII and Wallis had already started an affair. He wanted to marry her after she had divorced.

The monarch is the head of the Church of England, which was strongly against the idea of divorce. Their affair was regarded as a sin.

In November, King Edward consulted with British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin on a way to both marry Wallis and keep the throne. Edward suggested a morganatic marriage in which he would remain king but Wallis would not be queen, and their children could not become the monarch. The idea was rejected by Baldwin and the prime ministers of Australia and South Africa. If Edward married Wallis against Baldwin's advice, the government had decided to resign, which would cause a constitutional crisis.

The King decided he had no choice but to abdicate so that he could marry Wallis. On 11 December 1936, Edward said in a radio broadcast, "I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility, and to discharge my duties as King as I would wish to do, without the help and support of the woman I love".

## Later life
After his abdication, Edward became the Duke of Windsor, and Wallis became the Duchess of Windsor. While Edward retained his style of "Royal Highness", King George VI declared Wallis would not be allowed to do the same. The couple lived abroad, mainly in France, for most of their lives.

During the Second World War, they moved from France to Portugal and later to the Bahamas. They were widely suspected of being sympathetic to the German Nazis. Edward himself wrote in the New York *Daily News* of 13 December 1966: "it was in Britain's interest and in Europe's too, that Germany be encouraged to strike east and smash Communism forever&nbsp;... I thought the rest of us could be fence-sitters while the Nazis and the Reds slogged it out".
 
After her husband's death from cancer in 1972, Wallis travelled to the United Kingdom to attend his funeral. She stayed at Buckingham Palace during her visit. The Duchess of Windsor died on 24 April 1986 at her home in the Bois de Boulogne, Paris, at the age of 89. She was buried alongside her husband in the Royal Burial Ground. She wrote about her life in 1956.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* The Duchess of Windsor at 212 East Biddle Street&nbsp;– Explore Baltimore Heritage
*
Bellmund

**Bellmund** () is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Gross income

**Gross income** in United States income tax law is money or anything of value gained from all sources. Gross income is the amount of income before any tax deductions or s. In the Law of the United States, 26 U.S. Code § 61, "Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, gross income means all income from whatever source derived...". 

## Exclusions (US) 
Some types of income are specifically d from gross income. These are listed at 26 U.S. Code Part III and include:

* Certain death benefits
* Gifts and inheritances
* Interest on State and local bond
*  for injuries or sickness
* Amounts received under accident and health insuranceref name=grossincLII/>
* Certain  compensation of s of the military
* Qualified scholarships

## References
Belprahon

**Belprahon** is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## References
Tweenager

A **tween** or **tweenager** is a person between the ages  of 10 to 12. In this stage of life, they are still developing. They can also be seen described with the term **Preteens**.

## Timing of puberty 
On average, girls begin puberty at ages 10 to 15; boys at ages 11 to 16. Girls usually complete puberty by ages 15 to 17, while boys usually complete puberty by ages 16 to 17. for males, it is the first ejaculation, which occurs on average at age 15.In the 21st century, the average age at which children, especially girls, reach puberty is lower compared to the 19th century, when it was 15 for girls and 16 for boys. This can be due to improved nutrition resulting in rapid body growth, increased weight and fat deposition or eating meat from animals which have been dosed up with estrogen. 

Sexual attraction to tweenagers or people going through puberty is called hebephilia.

## References
Rita Renoir

**Rita Renoir** (19 January 1934 &ndash; 4 May 2016) was a French striptease entertainer and actress. She was born in Paris. She was one of the most famous European strip-teasers. In 1964, Renoir was chosen by Michelangelo Antonioni to play the role of Emilia in *The Red Desert*

Renoir died on 4 May 2016 at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Jean-Michel Palmier, « Rita Renoir : Les Voyeurs attrapés par la queue », in *Politique Hebdo*.
Brandon Grove

**Brandon Hambright Grove, Jr.** (April 8, 1929 &ndash; May 20, 2016) was an American diplomat. He was born in Chicago. He was the United States Ambassador to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1974 through 1977 and Zaire from 1984 through 1987. He served on the board of directors of the American Academy of Diplomacy.

Grove, Jr. died from complications of cancer on May 20, 2016 in Washington, D.C., aged 87.

## References
Velimir Sombolac

**Velimir Sombolac** (Serbian Cyrillic: Beлимиp Coмбoлaц; 27 February 1939 – 22 May 2016) was a Serbian footballer and manager.

## Career
After having played ten matches for the Yugoslav U-21 team, and also five for the national "B" team, he was in the Olympic team that represented Yugoslavia at the 1960 Summer Olympics. There, Yugoslavia won the gold eliminating hosts Italy in the semi-finals, and beating Denmark ( 3–1 ) in the final. Afterward, Sombolac also played five matches for the Yugoslavia national football team.

Right after retiring, in 1973, he took charge of a small regional club called FK Sloga Gornji Pogradci, that provided him with crucial experience for returning, in 1974, to Borac, to become the assistant manager until 1976.

After the break-up of Yugoslavia, he worked at the Football Association of Republika Srpska, helping to form all the youth category teams. From 1998 to 2001, he was the head coach of the Republika Srpska official football team.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile  at Worldfootball
*Profile and career story  at Serbian Federation website
Richard Blumenthal

**Richard Blumenthal** (born February 13, 1946) is the senior United States Senator from Connecticut. He has been in office since 2011. He served as Attorney General of Connecticut from 1991 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

## References
## Other websites
* Senator Richard Blumenthal official U.S. Senate site
* Blumenthal for Senate 
* 
*
Yang Jiang

**Yang Jiang** (; 17 July 1911 – 25 May 2016), born **Yang Jikang** (), was a Chinese playwright, author, and translator. She wrote several successful comedies. She was the first Chinese person to produce a complete Chinese version of *Don Quixote* from the Spanish original.

## Death
On 25 May 2016, Yang died at the age of 104 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing.

## Related pages
*List of Chinese writers

## References
## Other websites
*Selected works of Yang Jiang in the journal "Renditions" (no. 76)  (English)
*Excerpt from Yang Jiang's memoir "We Three" (English)
*Some of Yang Jiang's works on-line (Chinese)
Canton of Esch-sur-Alzette

**Esch-sur-Alzette** () is a canton in the south-west of Luxembourg. Its capital is Esch-sur-Alzette.

## Geography
With an area of , and a population (2016) of 172,687, the Esch-sur-Alzette canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The canton borders on the south with the French departments of Moselle and Meurthe-et-Moselle, and with Belgium on the west. In the Pétange commune is the point where three countries meetː Luxembourg, France and Belgium.

## Communes
The Esch-sur-Alzette canton has 14 communes (2017 population).
#Bettembourg (10,736)
#Differdange (25,402)
#Dudelange (20,480)
#Esch-sur-Alzette (34,378)
#Frisange (4,557)
#Kayl (8,982)
#Leudelange (2,596)
#Mondercange (6,708)
#Pétange (18,238)
#Reckange-sur-Mess (2,397)
#Roeser (6,125)
#Rumelange (5,573)
#Sanem (16,136)
#Schifflange (10,379)

## Related pages
* Cantons of Luxembourg
* Districts of Luxembourg (former)

## References
## Other webisites
Beth Howland

**Elizabeth "Beth" Howland** (May 28, 1941 &ndash; December 31, 2015) was an American actress. She worked on stage, movies and television. She was best known for playing Vera Gorman in the sitcom *Alice*.

Howland died of lung cancer on December 31, 2015 in Santa Monica, California, at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Beth Howland profile
Brian Murphy

**Brian Trevor John Murphy** (25 September 1932 – 2 February 2025) was an English actor. He is best known as the husband George Roper in the sitcom *Man About the House* and spin-off *George and Mildred*.
Murphy died following a short battle with cancer at his home in Kent, on 2 February 2025, at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Brian Murphy role reviews
Zdeněk Mézl

**Zdeněk Mézl** (31 October 1934 &ndash; 23 May 2016) was an Czech print-maker and writer. He was known for his illustrations. He was born in Prague.

He studied at the College of Applied Arts between 1949 and 1953 and later graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague. Mézl has illustrated some books using traditional woodcut engraving. His published books are "A Battle for Cathedral" or "Hey, Slavs!".

Mézl died on 23 May 2016 in Prague from a heart attack, aged 81.

## References
Caupolicán

**Caupolicán** was a leader of the Mapuche people of Chile, who decided to choose a supreme war leader in response to the Spanish threat. Caupolican supposedly won the position by demonstrating his superior strength by holding up a tree trunk three days and three nights, though this may be an exaggeration.
In addition to proving his physical power, he also had to improvise a poetical speech to inspire the people to valor and unity. Much of the legend of Caupolican is found in the epic poem La Araucana by Alonso de Ercilla, a major piece of literature about the Spanish conquest of America.

## Related pages 
*History of Chile
*Pedro de Valdivia
*Lautaro

## Other websites
Lautaro

**Lautaro** was a Mapuche military leader and relevant actor in the tacticswar. His tactics are today studied in many war academies in the world. The USSR(Russia) also used there tactics in the Battle of the Buldge, during WW2

Lautaro was also a son of a mapuche Lonco (*chief*). When he was young, he was captured by the spanish colonizators and grew up as personal servant of the spanish conqueror of Chile, Pedro de Valdivia. With him, he learned the military tactics of the spanish army.

As he became an adult, he ran away from spanish captivity and went back with the mapuches. With the knowledge adquired, he introduced the horse to the mapuche people and designed new tactics to combat the conquerors militia. So, he attracted around him the dispersed mapuche warrriors and formed a big native army to fight against the conquerors.

He obtained many military successes, destroying new founded cities and making big pression over the few spanish men in the Chilean territory. After he got a substancial victory in the southern city, he began the advance over Santiago, the capital and oldest spanish founded city. Unhappily for him, he was murdered when he was only 200&nbsp;km away from his destination.

He is considered an important icon of the Arauco War, due his revolutionary strategy and responsability in the union of the disperse mapuche people.

His name was use by Francisco de Miranda, when he founded the Logia Lautaro an american-independist society of the end of 18 century and the beginning of the 19th century. **Lautaro** was also rumord to be Homosexual. He was also proclaimed to make sexual advances on children.

## Related pages 
*Galvarino

## References
Chris Murphy

**Christopher Scott "Chris" Murphy** (born August 3, 1973) is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously served in the United States House of Representatives, representing  from 2007 to 2013.

## References
## Other websites
*U.S. Senator Chris Murphy, official U.S. Senate site
*Chris Murphy for Senate 
*
Cave catfish

**Cave catfish** is a name used for species of catfish which live in caves or underground environments.

Species known specifically as cave catfish include:
* *Clarias cavernicola* (Namibia)
* *Horaglanis krishnai* (India)

Other catfish that live in caves include:

* *Prietella* species (Mexico)
* *Trogloglanis pattersoni* (USA)
* *Satan eurystomus* (USA)
* *Trichomycterus itacarambiensis* (Brazil)
Alec John Such

**Alexander John Such** (November 14, 1951 &ndash; June 4, 2022) was an American bassist. He was best known as a founding member of the rock band Bon Jovi, and as their bass player, from 1983 to 1994. He was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2018. He was born in Yonkers, New York.

Such died on June 4, 2022 from a heart attack at his home in Horry County, South Carolina, aged 70.

## References
John David Jackson

**John David Jackson** (January 19, 1925 – May 20, 2016) was a Canadian–American physics. He was the professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley and a faculty senior scientist emeritus at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 

He was a theoretical physicist. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was well known for his many publications and summer-school lectures in nuclear and particle physics, as well as his widely used graduate text on classical electromagnetism.

## References
Belp

**Belp** is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland 
administrative district in the canton of Berne, Switzerland.

It is close to Bern's Belp Airport.

The municipality of Belpberg merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Belp.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Ideal Landscape with a Young Man Killing a Snake

***Ideal Landscape with a Young Man Killing a Snake*** is an oil painting by Franz Caucig (1755 – 1828), a  Neoclassical painter.  He made the painting before 1810.  The size of the painting is .  The painting is in the National Gallery of Slovenia.

On the left is an aqueduct and a group of trees.  On the right a young man kills a snake on the bank of a river.  The sky has dark clouds.  The sun shines on the river and on the young man.

The theme of nature is common in Neoclassicism. The works of Immanuel Kant and neoclassical English philosophers were popular at this time.

## References
## Other websites
Bettenhausen, Switzerland

**Bettenhausen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 the former municipality of Bollodingen merged into the municipality of Bettenhausen.

## References