List of countries in the 1860s

## Sovereign states
### A
* Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
*  →  Andorra – Principality of Andorra
*  Anhalt – Duchy of Anhalt 
*  Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg 
*  Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau 
*  Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
*  Annam – Empire of Annam
* Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
*  → 
** Argentine Confederation 
** Argentine Republic 
* Aro – Aro Confederacy
*  – Asante Union
*  →  Austria / Austria-Hungary
** Austrian Empire 
** Austro-Hungarian Empire 

### B
*  – Grand Duchy of Baden
* Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
* Bambara – Bambara Empire
* Baol – Kingdom of Baol
* Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland 
*  – Kingdom of Bavaria
*  – Kingdom of Belgium
*  – Benin Empire
* Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
*  – Bolivian Republic
*  Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
* Bornu – Bornu Empire
*  – Empire of Brazil
*  – Free Hanseatic City of Bremen 
*  – Sultanate of Brunei
*  – Duchy of Brunswick 
*  Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
*  Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
*  Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
*  Burma – Kingdom of Burma
* Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

### C
*  Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia 
*  →  Canada – Dominion of Canada 
* Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
*  Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy 
*  – Republic of Chile
*  – Great Qing
*  Colombia – United States of Colombia 
* 
* 
*  – Republic of Costa Rica
*  Couto Misto 

### D
* Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
*  – Kingdom of Denmark
*  →   – Dominican Republic 

### E
*  →  – Republic of Ecuador
*  →  →  El Salvador – El Salvador
*  – Ethiopian Empire

### F
* Fante – Fante Confederacy 
* Fiji – Tui Viti
*  France – Empire of the French
*  Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt 
* Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
* Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

### G
* Garo – Kingdom of Garo
* Gera – Kingdom of Gera
* Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
*  Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (renamed New Granada on July 18, 1861)
*  Greece – Kingdom of Greece
*  Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
* Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma

### H
*  Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
*  – Republic of Haiti
*  – Free City of Hamburg 
*  – Kingdom of Hanover 
*  – Kingdom of Hawaii
*  Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
*  Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg 
*  Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse 
*  Holstein – Duchy of Holstein 
*  – Republic of Honduras
*  Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine

### I
*  Italy – Kingdom of Italy 

### J
* Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
*  Japan
** Tokugawa shogunate 
** Empire of Japan 
* Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
*  Johor – Sultanate of Johor
*  – Jolof Kingdom

### K
* Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu 
* Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul
* Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
*  Kashgaria – Kingdom of Kashgaria 
* Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
* Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
*  Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
* Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
* Kong – Kong Empire
*  Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
*  Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
* Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

### L
*  – Republic of Liberia
*  – Principality of Liechtenstein
*  Limburg – Duchy of Limburg 
* Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
*  Lippe – Principality of Lippe 
* Loango – Kingdom of Loango
* Luba – Luba Empire
*  Lübeck – Free City of Lübeck (Lubeck) 
* Lunda – Lunda Empire
*  – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

### M
*  Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
* Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
* Massina – Massina Empire 
* Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
*  Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 
*  Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 
*  →  → 
** Republic of Mexico 
** Mexican Empire 
** United Mexican States 
* Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
*  – Principality of Monaco
*  Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
*  – Sultanate of Morocco
*  Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman

### N
*  Nassau – Duchy of Nassau 
*  Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
*  Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
*  – Kingdom of The Netherlands
*  New Granada – United States of New Granada 
*  Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
*  North German Confederation – North German Confederation 
*  Norway – Kingdom of Norway (in personal union with Sweden)

### O
*  Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg 
*  – Republic of Orange Free State
*  – Sublime Ottoman State
* Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
* Oyo – Oyo Empire

### P
*  Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
*  – States of the Church
*  – Republic of Paraguay
*  Perak – Sultanate of Perak
*  Persia – Persian Empire
*  – Peruvian Republic
*  Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
*  – Kingdom of Prussia 

### R
*  Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
* Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
*  Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga
*  Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line 
*  Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line 
*  Romania - United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
*  – Russian Empire
* Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
*  – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

### S
* Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
*  →  – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
*  – Kingdom of Sarawak
*  – Kingdom of Sardinia 
*  Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg 
*  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 
*  Saxe-Lauenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, also Duchy of Lauenburg
*  Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen 
*  Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 
*  Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony 
*  Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe 
*  Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig 
*  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 
*  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 
*  Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
*  Serbia – Principality of Serbia
*  – Kingdom of Siam
* Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
*  Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
*  – Kingdom of Spain
*  Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
*  – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
*  – Swiss Confederation

### T
*  Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
* Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
*  Toro – Toro Kingdom
* Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
*  – South African Republic
*  →  – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 

### U
*  – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
*  →  →  →  →  – United States of America
*  United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
*  – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

### V
*  → 
** Republic of Venezuela 
** United States of Venezuela 

### W
*  Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont 
* Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
*  – Kingdom of Württemberg

### Y
* Yeke – Yeke Kingdom

### Z
*  – Sultanate of Zanzibar 
* Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus

## Non-sovereign territories
### United Kingdom
*  – Cape of Good Hope

## States claiming sovereignty
*  Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
*  Alabama – Republic of Alabama (from January 11 to February 4, 1861)
*  Araucanía and Patagonia – Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (from November 17, 1860)
* Arkansas – Republic of Arkansas (from May 6 to May 18, 1861)
*  Buenos Aires – State of Buenos Aires
*  →  →  →  →  →  – Confederate States of America (from February 4, 1861 to May 5, 1865)
*  Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from October 10, 1868)
* Ezo – Republic of Ezo (from December 15, 1868 to June 27, 1869)
*  Florida – Republic of Florida (from January 10 to February 4, 1861)
* Goust – Republic of Goust
*  Louisiana – Republic of Louisiana (from January 26 to February 4, 1861)
*  Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
*  – Republic of Manitobah (from June 1867 to 1868)
*  – Republic of Mississippi (from January 9 to February 1, 1861)
*  North Carolina – Republic of North Carolina (from May 20 to May 21, 1861)
*  Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (from January 22, 1863 to June 18, 1864)
*  →  South Carolina – Republic of South Carolina (from December 20, 1860 to February 8, 1861)
* Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (to July 1864)
*  Tennessee - Republic of Tennessee (from June 8 to July 2, 1861)
*  Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
*  Texas – Republic of Texas (from February 1 to March 2, 1861)
*  Virginia – Republic of Virginia (from April 17 to May 7, 1861)