open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Arrondissement of Arles

The **arrondissement of Arles** is an arrondissement of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Arles.

## History
When the Bouches-du-Rhône department was created on 1800, the *arrondissement* of Arles was part of that original department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Arles is in the west of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. It is bordered to the north by the Vaucluse department, to the northeast by the Aix-en-Provence *arrondissement*, to the southeast by the Istres *arrondissement*, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west by the Gard department.

The *arrondissement* of Arles is the largest *arrondissement* of the department in area,  but the one with fewest people living in it, with a population of 205,529 inhabitants.

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

There are 4 cantons in the *arrondissement* of Arles and 2 of them do not have all their *communes* in the *arrondissement*:
# Arles (1304)
# Châteaurenard (1307)
# Pélissanne (1325) (partly)
# Salon-de-Provence-1 (1326) (partly)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Arles has 36 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

# Alleins (13003)
# Arles (13004)
# Aureille (13006)
# Barbentane (13010)
# Boulbon (13017)
# Cabannes (13018)
# Châteaurenard (13027)
# Eygalières (13034)
# Eyguières (13035)
# Eyragues (13036)
# Fontvieille (13038)
# Graveson (13045)
# Lamanon (13049)
# Les Baux-de-Provence (13011)
# Maillane (13052)
# Mallemort (13053)
# Mas-Blanc-des-Alpilles (13057)
# Maussane-les-Alpilles (13058)
# Mollégès (13064)
# Mouriès (13065)
# Noves (13066)
# Orgon (13067)
# Paradou (13068)
# Plan-d'Orgon (13076)
# Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône (13078)
# Rognonas (13083)
# Saint-Andiol (13089)
# Saint-Martin-de-Crau (13097)
# Saint-Pierre-de-Mézoargues (13061)
# Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (13100)
# Saint-Étienne-du-Grès (13094)
# Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (13096)
# Sénas (13105)
# Tarascon (13108)
# Vernègues (13115)
# Verquières (13116)
 

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Bouches-du-Rhône department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Nata de coco

***Nata de coco*** (also called **coconut gel**) is a chewy, translucent, jelly-like food produced by the fermentation of coconut water, which gels through the production of microbial cellulose by *Acetobacter xylinum*. Originating in the Philippines, *nata de coco* is most commonly sweetened as a candy or dessert, and can accompany a variety of foods, including pickles, drinks, ice cream, puddings, and fruit mixes.

## References
Arrondissement of Istres

The **arrondissement of Istres** is an arrondissement of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Istres.

## History
The *arrondissement* of Istres was created in 1981.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Istres is in the south of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. It is bordered to the north and east by the Aix-en-Provence *arrondissement*, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west by the Arles *arrondissement*.

The *arrondissement* of Istres is the smallest *arrondissement* of the department in area, ; it has a population of 312,489 inhabitants.

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

There are 6 cantons in the *arrondissement* of Istres and 3 of them do not have all their *communes* in the *arrondissement*:

# Berre-l'Étang (1306) (partly)
# Istres (1310)
# Marignane (1311)
# Martigues (1324)
# Salon-de-Provence-2 (1327) (partly)
# Vitrolles (1329) (partly)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Istres has 18 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

# Berre-l'Étang (13014)
# Carry-le-Rouet (13021)
# Châteauneuf-les-Martigues (13026)
# Ensuès-la-Redonne (13033)
# Fos-sur-Mer (13039)
# Gignac-la-Nerthe (13043)
# Istres (13047)
# Le Rove (13088)
# Marignane (13054)
# Martigues (13056)
# Miramas (13063)
# Port-de-Bouc (13077)
# Rognac (13081)
# Saint-Chamas (13092)
# Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts (13098)
# Saint-Victoret (13102)
# Sausset-les-Pins (13104)
# Vitrolles (13117)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Bouches-du-Rhône department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Carl Johnson

**Carl "CJ" Johnson** is the main playable character of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. The game's main storyline begins with Carl returning to Los Santos following the tragic demise of his mother.

CJ is a member of the Grove Street Families, a street gang located in Los Santos.

Prior to events in *San Andreas*, CJ causes the accidental death of his brother. Eventually he decides to leave his gang life behind by moving to *Liberty City*, where he commences to work with Joey Leone in the car theft business.

He is voiced by rapper Young Maylay.

## References
Nisha Ayub

**Nisha Ayub** is a transgender rights activist from Malaysia.  She started the SEED Foundation to help transgender people and Justice for Sisters for legal help.    In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

When Nisha was 21 years old, she was sentenced to prison under Sharia law (Islamic law) for wearing women's clothing.   When she got out of prison, she started working for the rights of transgender people in Malaysia. 

## Awards 
* Alison Des Forges Award from Human Rights Watch, 2015
* International women of courage Award from U.S. Department of State, 2016

## Other websites 
* 2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

## References
Jeremy Stone

**Jeremy J. Stone** (November 23, 1935 &ndash; January 1, 2017) was an American nuclear arms-control activist. He served as president of the Federation of American Scientists from 1970 to 2000. It led initiatives in arms control, human rights, and foreign policy. He retied inn 2000. Stone continued his work at a new organization called Catalytic Diplomacy.

Stone was born in New York City, New York. He studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at Swarthmore College. Stone died in Carlsbad, California on January 1, 2017 from complications of prostate cancer, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
*Eric Alterman, "Of Scientists and Spies", *The Nation* (January 13, 2000)
Willie Evans

**Willie R. Evans** (December 1, 1937 &ndash; January 4, 2017) was an American football player. He was the running back for the University at Buffalo football team in the late 1950s. He was born in Buffalo, New York.  After his football career, Evans taught in Buffalo area schools for more than 30 years.

Evans died on January 4, 2017 in Buffalo, New York, aged 79.

## References
Jordi Pagans i Monsalvatje

**Jordi Pagans i Monsalvatje** (18 April 1932 &ndash; 4 January 2017) was a Spanish painter. He was born in Barcelona, Spain. He was known for his traditional figurative and realistic paintings and drawings of the landscape of Cadaqués and Barcelona. His career began in 1948. He retired in 2014.

Pagans died in Barcelona, Spain from congestive heart failure on 4 January 2017, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Website
Om Puri

**Om Prakesh Puri**  (18 October 1950 &ndash; 6 January 2017) was an Indian actor. He has appeared in mainstream commercial Pakistani, Indian, British, and Hollywood movies. He was also in independent and art movies. 

Puri was known for his roles in *Gandhi* (1982), *Ardh Satya* (1983), *City of Joy* (1992), *Wolf* (1994), *East Is East* (1999) and in *The Hundred-Foot Journey* (2014). His career began in 1972. He also narrated the widely known Indian nature documentary *Bharat Ek Khoj* (1988).

He has been awarded Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India. He won two National Film Awards in 1981 and in 1983. He was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in 1999 for his role as George Khan in *East Is East*. 

Puri was born in Ambala, Haryana, India. He studied at the Film and Television Institute of India and in the National School of Drama. He was married to Nandita Puri from 1993 until they divorced in 2013. 

Puri died in his sleep of a heart attack at his home in Andheri, Mumbai, India on 6 January 2017, aged 66.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jill Saward

**Jill Saward** (14 January 1965 – 5 January 2017) was an English campaigner on issues relating to sexual violence. She was born in Liverpool. Saward was the victim of the 1986 Ealing vicarage rape, a crime whose sentencing scandalized the UK and led indirectly to changes in the law.

In 2009, she campaigned against a European Court of Justice ruling that DNA of people cleared of crimes must be deleted from the DNA Database after six years, or 12 years for serious crimes.

Saward stood against David Davis in the 2008 Haltemprice and Howden by-election in 2008. She lost the election after winning only 2.1% of the votes.

Saward died on 5 January 2017 in Wolverhampton from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 51.

## References
Smurfs: The Lost Village

***Smurfs: The Lost Village*** is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated adventure-comedy movie. It is directed by Kelly Asbury. It is based on The Smurfs comic book series. It premiered on April 7, 2017.

## Voice Cast 
*Mandy Patinkin as Papa Smurf 
*Demi Lovato a Smurfette, Rexy
*Rainn Wilson as Gargamel
*Joe Manganiello as Hefty Smurf
*Jack McBrayer as Clumsy Smurf 
*Danny Pudi as Brainy Smurf.
*Julia Roberts as Smurfwillow
*Michelle Rodriguez as Smurfstorm
*Ariel Winter as Smurflily
*Ellie Kemper as Smurfblossom
*Meghan Trainor as Smurfmelody
*Jake Johnson as Grouchy Smurf
*Gordon Ramsay as Baker Smurf
*Tituss Burgess as Vanity Smurf
*Gabriel Iglesias as Jokey Smurf
*Jeff Dunham as Farmer Smurf
*Kelly Asbury as Nosey Smurf

## Plot 
Smurfette finds a creature in the Forbidden Forest who leaves a mysterious map. With Brainy, Clumsy and Hefty she goes on a mission to find the lost village.

## Release 
It is set for release on August 5, 2016, and is previously set for release on May 20, 2016.

## References
Penelope Wilton

, November 2013]]
**Dame** **Penelope Alice Wilton**  (born 3 June 1946) is a British actress. On television, she is best known for her roles in *Ever Decreasing Circles* (1984&ndash;1989) and *Downton Abbey*. She appeared in the TV film *Half Broken Things* in 2007. She also played the recurring role of Harriet Jones in *Doctor Who* (2005–08).

Wilton's movie appearances include *Clockwise* (1986), *Cry Freedom* (1987), *Shaun of the Dead* (2004), *Match Point* (2005), *Pride & Prejudice* (2005), *The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel* (2011) and *The BFG* (2016).

Wilton was born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England. She has been married twice. She has a daughter, Alice (born 1977), with actor Daniel Massey.

## References
## Other websites
*
Christopher Weeramantry

**Christopher Gregory Weeramantry**, AM (November 17, 1926 &ndash; January 5, 2017) was a Sri Lankan lawyer. He was a Judge of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) from 1991 to 2000. He was the ICJ's Vice-President from 1997 to 2000. 

Weeramantry was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka. He studied at Royal College Colombo, at King's College London, and at the University of Ceylon.

Weeramantry was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka from 1967 to 1972. He was also an Emeritus Professor at Monash University and the President of the International Association of Lawyers against Nuclear Arms.

Weeramantry died in Colombo, Sri Lanka of natural causes on January 5, 2017, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
* A Great Son of Lanka"  S. Pathiravitana (2007), *Sri Lanka Daily News*. Accessed 2007-11-08
* International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms
* German Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms
* Christopher Weeramantry-The 2007 Right Livelihood Award Recipients
¡Mucha Lucha!: Gigante

***¡Mucha Lucha!: Gigante***, formerly known as simply ***¡Mucha Lucha!***, is an animated Educational Television series co-produced by Warner Bros.

## Plot 
### Finale in 2005 
Rikochet, Buena Girl and the Flea must rescue Blue Demon Jr. from a group of vampires who'll be at large during the solar eclipse.

## Characters 
* Rikardo-Rik O. "Rikochet" Chet
* Buena Girl
* The Big Bad Boy Flea
* Minotauro
* El Perrito
* French Twist
* El Loco Mosquito
* Megawatt

## International broadcast 
Kids WB aired the other countries internationality.
Arrondissement of Marseille

The **arrondissement of Marseille** is an arrondissement of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital, and the prefecture of the department, is the city of Marseille.

## History
When the Bouches-du-Rhône department was created on 1800, the *arrondissement* of Marseille was part of that original department.

## Geography
The *arrondissement* of Marseille is in the southeast of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. It is bordered to the north and west by the Aix-en-Provence *arrondissement*, to the east by the Var department and to the south by the Mediterranean Sea.

The *arrondissement* of Marseille is the second smallest *arrondissement* in area of the department but the one with more people living in it. It has an area of  and a population of 1,058,615 inhabitants.

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

There are 15 cantons in the *arrondissement* of Marseille and all of them have all their ''communes' in the *arrondissement:

# Allauch (1303)
# Aubagne (1305)
# La Ciotat (1308)
# Marseille-1 (1312)
# Marseille-2 (1313)
# Marseille-3 (1314)
# Marseille-4 (1315)
# Marseille-5 (1316)
# Marseille-6 (1317)
# Marseille-7 (1318)
# Marseille-8 (1319)
# Marseille-9 (1320)
# Marseille-10 (1321)
# Marseille-11 (1322)
# Marseille-12 (1323)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Marseille has 37 *communes*, including 16 subdivisions ("municipal arrondissements") of the city of Marseille; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

# Allauch (13002)
# Aubagne (13005)
# Auriol (13007)
# Belcodène (13013)
# La Bouilladisse (13016)
# Cadolive (13020)
# Cassis (13022)
# Ceyreste (13023)
# La Ciotat (13028)
# Cuges-les-Pins (13030)
# La Destrousse (13031)
# Gémenos (13042)
# Gréasque (13046)
# Marseille (13055)
# La Penne-sur-Huveaune (13070)
# Peypin (13073)
# Plan-de-Cuques (13075)
# Roquefort-la-Bédoule (13085)
# Roquevaire (13086)
# Saint-Savournin (13101)
# Carnoux-en-Provence (13119)
# Marseille 1er Arrondissement (13201)
# Marseille 2e Arrondissement (13202)
# Marseille 3e Arrondissement (13203)
# Marseille 4e Arrondissement (13204)
# Marseille 5e Arrondissement (13205)
# Marseille 6e Arrondissement (13206)
# Marseille 7e Arrondissement (13207)
# Marseille 8e Arrondissement (13208)
# Marseille 9e Arrondissement (13209)
# Marseille 10e Arrondissement (13210)
# Marseille 11e Arrondissement (13211)
# Marseille 12e Arrondissement (13212)
# Marseille 13e Arrondissement (13213)
# Marseille 14e Arrondissement (13214)
# Marseille 15e Arrondissement (13215)
# Marseille 16e Arrondissement (13216) 

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement'' are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Bouches-du-Rhône department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Vlissingen

**Vlissingen**, Zeelandic: *Vlissienge*, English: *Flushing*, is a city, municipality and seaport in the province of Zeeland, the Netherlands.

The city has about 33,000 people. The municipality has about 44,000 (2016). It has been an important harbor for centuries. Most of the Royal Netherlands Navy ships are built in Vlissingen.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Mint (money)

A **mint** is an industrial facility which makes coins that can be used in currency.

In coin collecting, the term *"mint condition"* means the coin has never been used ("in circulation"), just like it came out of the mint where it was made.

The earliest metallic money did not consist of coins, but of unminted metal in the form of rings and other ornaments or of weapons. These were used for thousands of years by the Egyptian, Chaldean and Assyrian empires.

,  600–550 BC, Hemiobol. Horse head: early hammered coins]]

The first mint was perhaps in Lydia in the 7th century BC, for coining gold, silver and electrum. The Lydian innovation spread to neighboring Greece, where several city-states operated their own mints. Some of the earliest Greek mints were in city-states on Greek islands such as Crete. A mint existed at the ancient city of Cydonia on Crete at least as early as the fifth century BC.

## References
Antrodemus

***Antrodemus*** is a type of large theropod dinosaur from the Morrison Formation of Utah. *Antrodemus* co-existed with many other large carnivores of the time, such as *Ceratosaurus,* *Allosaurus, Torvosaurus, Stokesosaurus* and *Ornitholestes*. It also shared this area with gigantic plant-eating dinosaurs such as *Apatosaurus*, *Camarasaurus*, *Brachiosaurus*, *Diplodocus*, and the primitive sauropod *Haplocanthosaurus*.
Robotics

**Robotics** is a part of engineering and science. It is the work of creating and building robots. It is interdisciplinary, involving people who have studied mechanical engineering, electrical engineering or computer programming. It also needs people who understand the work of the robot. As an example, geologists need to be involved in making a robot that will take soil samples on another planet. A person working in this discipline is known as a robotician.

Robots are sometimes used to do things that humans cannot, like finding and destroying bombs, or going places that are too hot, small, dangerous or distant for humans. Some robots look like humans, but most just look like machines. Some robots can move by themselves, others need to be partly or completely controlled by a human.

Robotics comes from the word robot, which in turn comes from the Slavic word *robota*. *Robota* means labor, or work. Karel Čapek invented the word *robot* to use in a play.  This play was called ''R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)*. The word *robotics'' was first used by Isaac Asimov in his story "Liar!" published in 1941.

## References
Time in Armenia

**Armenia Time** (**AMT**) is the standard time that is used in Armenia. It is 4 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+4). During its DST period, it used Armenia Summer Time (AMST) which was 5 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+5). The time zone was discounted in 2012.

## References
SilkAir Flight 185

On December 19, 1997 a SilkAir Boeing 737-300 operated as SilkAir Flight 185 was a flight from Jakarta to Singapore with 97 passengers and 7 crew members on-board, which crashed into the Musi River for unknown reasons killing all 104 people on-board.

The cause of the crash remains disputed for the National Transportation Safety Committee, but the National Transportation Safety Board concludes the crash as a pilot suicide by the captain. But the Los Angeles Court thinks that the cause of the crash was a rudder malfunction.

## Passengers and crew
SilkAir issued a press release on 19 December 1997 with a passenger count by nationality,

## References
James Adomian

**James Adomian** is an American stand-up comedian, writer and actor.

## Filmography
* *Storks* (2016), Additional Voice
* *Hits* (2014), Donovan
* *Freak Dance* (2011), Mickey Stardust, Zip Fleestreet, & Fraggle McWinkerbean
* *The Treasure Hunt: A Chad, Matt & Rob Interactive Adventure* (2011), The Gunslinger
* *Miss March* (2009), Deadbeat Dad (voice)
* *Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay* (2008), George W. Bush

## Television
* *Comedy Bang! Bang!* (2016), Maximilian Blanc
* *Take My Wife* (2016), Theater Owner
* *Future-Worm!* (2016–present), Future-Worm!
* *Star Wars Rebels* (2016), Imperial Captain
* *@midnight* (2015), Bernie Sanders
* *The Venture Bros* (2015–present), Phineas Phage, Night Dick
* *Talking Tom & Friends* (2014–present), Talking Ben
* *Childrens Hospital* (2015), Reporter, Madonna
* *Major Lazer* (2015), General Rubbish, various voices
* *Comedy Bang! Bang!* (2015), Paul Giamatti, Jerry Jocks
* *Kroll Show* (2015), Alan the Limo Driver
* *Drunk History* (2014), Alexander Cochrane
* *Comedy Bang! Bang!* (2014), Giles Duggard, Jesse Ventura
* *Childrens Hospital* (2013), Louis C.K., Madonna, Freddie Mercury, Rihanna, Kate Upton
* *Comedy Bang! Bang!* (2013), Informant, Cab Driver
* *Adventure Time* (2013), Ogdoad
* *Gravity Falls* (2012), additional voices
* *Childrens Hospital* (2012), Madonna
* *Comedy Bang! Bang!* (2012), Huell Howser
* *Conan* (2011–2012), various sketch characters
* *Money From Strangers* (2011–2012), himself
* *Last Comic Standing* (2010), himself (standup)
* *WordGirl* (2007–present), Captain Huggyface, additional voices (voice)
* *Players* (2010), Barfly
* *The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson* (2005–2009), George W. Bush
* *MADtv* (2006–2009), George W. Bush (voice)
* *Popzilla* (2009), various characters (voice)
* *The Jay Leno Show* (2009), Mad Doctor
* *Atom TV* (2008), George W. Bush
* *Recount* (2008), George W. Bush (voice)
* *The Right Now Show* (2007), Ensemble Sketch Cast Member/Various
* *Cavemen* (2007), Waiter
* *Short Circuitz* (2007), George W. Bush
* *Celebrity Deathmatch* (2007), Jimmy Kimmel (voice)
* *Mind of Mencia* (2006–2007), George W. Bush
* *Yacht Rock* (2005), Vincent Price

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* Official website
Grass jelly

**Grass jelly**, or **leaf jelly**, is a jelly-like dessert eaten in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Southeast Asia and Taiwan. It is made using the *Platostoma palustre* plant (a member of the mint family). It has a mild, slightly bitter taste. It is served chilled, with other toppings such as fruit, or in bubble tea or other drinks. Outside of Asia, it is sold in Asian supermarkets.
Tapioca

**Tapioca** () is a starch extracted from cassava root (*Manihot esculenta*). This species is native to the North Region of Brazil, but spread throughout the South American continent. The plant was carried by Portuguese and Spanish explorers to most of the West Indies, and continents of Africa and Asia, including the Philippines and Taiwan. It is now cultivated worldwide.

## Uses 
Tapioca starch has been used to make some foods, such as pão de queijo.

## References
Konjac

**Konjac** ( ; ***Amorphophallus konjac***; syn. *A. rivieri*; Japanese: 蒟蒻/菎蒻; こんにゃく; ***konnyaku***; ; ***gonyak***; ), also known as **konjak**, **konjaku**, **konnyaku potato**, '''devil's tongue**, **voodoo lily**, **snake palm**, or **elephant yam'* (though this name is also used for *A. paeoniifolius*), is a plant of the genus *Amorphophallus''.
Sago

**Sago**  is a starch that comes from the spongy centre of tropical palm stems. In many cases, it comes from *Metroxylon sagu*. It is a major staple food for many people living in New Guinea and the Moluccas. It is called *saksak*, *rabia,* and *sagu* in those areas. 

The largest suppliers are usually in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia. Big quantities of sago are often sent to Europe and North America for cooking purposes. 

## Cooking 
It is traditionally cooked and eaten in various forms. It can be rolled into balls by boiling it in hot water. It forms a glue-like paste (papeda), or as a pancake. 

Sago is often sold in the form of "pearls". These small rounded starch become gelatinized by heating. Sago pearls can be boiled with water or milk and sugar to make a sweet sago pudding. Sago pearls look similar to other pearled starches  like pearls made out of cassava starch (tapioca) and potato starch. They may be used interchangeably in some dishes or snacks. 

## References
Leg-of-mutton sail

A **leg-of-mutton sail** (LOM) is a simple triangular sail set on a long spar mounted horizontally on the mast. It runs in a fore-and-aft direction. This gives the helmsman more visibility and there is no boom to hit his or her head on. and canoes. A LOM is very similar to a spritsail. But instead of being square or having four corners, the LOM has three. Instead of the spar being mounted diagonally, as with the spritsail, it is mounted horizontally.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Leg-of-mutton sail; YouTube
Medical laboratory

A **medical laboratory** or  **clinical laboratory** is a laboratory where tests are usually done on laboratory specimens. This is to get  about the health of a patient. Labs perform tests on tissue, blood and other body fluids. Medical labs analyze data in five major categories. These are chemistry, immunology, hematology, microbiology and transfusion medicine.

## References
Central Africa Time

**Central Africa Time (CAT)** also known as **South Africa Standard Time (SAST)** in South Africa, is a time zone in Africa that is 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+2). It is the same time as Eastern European Time (EET) during winter, and Central European Summer Time (CEST) during summer. This time zone does not observe daylight saving time, because it is near the equator.

This time zone is used in:
* 
* eastern sections of the 
* 
*  (as South Africa Standard Time (SAST))
* 
* 
* , since September 2017
*  (as South Africa Standard Time (SAST))
*  (as South Africa Standard Time (SAST))
* , since November 2017
* 
*
Lelio Lagorio

**Lelio Lagorio** (9 November 1925 &ndash; 7 January 2017) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Italian Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI). He served as the first President of Tuscany from 1970 until 1978. Before that, he was mayor of Florence from 1964 to 1965. He was born in Trieste.

Lagorio died on 7 January 2017 in Florence. He was 91.

## References
Buckingham Canal

The **Buckingham Canal** is a  canal in India. It runs from Kakinada city in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh to cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. It is a freshwater navigational canal. It runs parallel to the Coromandel Coast. The canal connects natural backwater areas along the coast to the Chennai port. 

Buckingham Canal was built by the British during their rule in India. It was first constructed in 1806 from Chennai North to present Ennore. Later it was extended up to the Pulicat Lake, about  north of Chennai. In 1837 it was extended about  from north of Chennai to Vijayawada and  south of Chennai to pondicherry to cuddalore to Parangipettai.

## References
Iveta Mukuchyan

**Iveta Mukuchyan** () is an Armenian-German singer-songwriter, model and actress. She was born in Yerevan, Armenia. She moved to Hamburg, Germany in 1992. In 2009, Mukuchyan returned to Armenia. She competed in the *Hay Superstar* content where she finished fifth. In 2010, Mukuchyan received the "Discovery of the Year" award at the Armenia Awards in Moscow, Russia. In 2012, she took part in The Voice of Germany. She was also named as "Sexiest Armenian".

In May 2016, Mukuchyan represented her country at the Eurovision Song Contest 2016. She sang the song "LoveWave" and finished in the top 10. In the same year, she was also in the cast of the movie *Run Away Or Get Married*.

## Early life
Iveta Mukuchyan was born in Yerevan, Armenia on 14 October 1986. Her family moved to Germany in 1992.

### Singles
#### As lead artist
#### As featured artist
## Filmography
## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
*
Kosasthalaiyar River

The **Kosasthalaiyar River** is one of the three rivers flowing in the Chennai Metropolitan area. It is a  long river that starts near Pallipattu, Thiruvallur District. Its northern tributary, the Nagari River, starts in Chitoor district, Andhra Pradesh. It joins the main river in the Poondi Resorvoir. It pass over the pulicat lake

Kosasthalaiyar River catchment area spreads in Vellore, Chitoor, North Arcot, Thiruvallur and Chennai districts. The discharge capacity of the river is 110 000 m3/s. The flood discharge capacity is about 125 000 m3/s.

## Reference
Agaya Gangai

**Agaya Gangai** is a waterfall in Tamil Nadu. It is in the Kolli Hills of the Eastern Ghats. The name means that the waterfall is "The Ganges of the Sky". 

Agaya Gangai Waterfall starts near the Arapalleswarar Temple in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. The 300ft waterfall joins Aiyaru river. It is in a valley that is surrounded by mountains on all sides. 

The caves of Korakka Siddhar and Kalaanginatha Siddhar are in the nearby forest.

## References
Tilikum (killer whale)

**Tilikum** ( &ndash; January 6, 2017), nicknamed **Tilly**, was an orca, or killer whale. He was notable for his role in the deaths of three humans, including two trainers. The first death, in 1991, was a trainer at the Sealand of the Pacific in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. In 1992, he was moved to SeaWorld in Orlando, Florida, United States. In 1999, Tilikum killed a trespasser in his inclosure. In 2010, Tilikum killed trainer Dawn Brancheau. This would lead to the documentary movie *Blackfish* being based on Tilikum.

Born in 1981, Tilikum was captured in 1983 at Hafnarfjörður, near Reykjavík, Iceland.

Tilikum died on January 6, 2017 at SeaWorld Orlando of a bacterial infection, aged 35.

## References
James Mancham

Sir **James Richard Marie Mancham**  (11 August 1939 &ndash; 8 January 2017) was a Seychellois politician. He was the first President of Seychelles from 1976 to 1977. He was born in Victoria. He was also Prime Minister of Seychelles from 1975 to 1976.

Mancham died from a possible stroke on 8 January 2017 at his home in Glacis. He was 77.

## References
Bermuda rig

A **Bermuda rig**, also called a **Marconi rig**, is a fore-and-aft rig that uses a triangular mainsail. The sail is usually attached to a boom at its foot. It has a number of s. Due to the physics of the wind, the tall thin sails of the Bermudian rigs have more power sailing into the wind than other types. This is why it is such a popular rig with modern sailboats. However, the name Bermuda rig was in use two centuries earlier. It came from the late 1600s when European sailors noticed how well the small sloops in Bermuda worked. It was based on the leg-of-mutton sail. The strong gusty winds around the Bermuda islands made sailing around the waters difficult to navigate. The prevailing winds came out of the west which lined up with the islands. In addition, the number of reefs around the islands required . Most other sail designs did not address these issues.

It is widely thought the first of these designs was a fore-and-aft rig built by in the 17th century by a Dutch-born Bermudan. While his name is not remembered, he may have seen the Moorish lateen rigs that were widely used during the time Spain ruled Holland. The Dutch modified early lateen rigs turning the yards into angled masts. This design was called *bezaanjacht* in Dutch (in English this meant "leg of mutton"). By the 19th century the design had  into using tall triangular sails and jibs. They also used Bermuda cedar for the hulls which is much lighter than oak. This made the Bermuda sailboats very fast and easily able. They could travel into the wind with ease and were especially fast when heading downwind. Very soon they were being raced.

## Named for Marconi 
The name Marconi rig came from the 1899 America's Cup yacht race held in New York City. Guglielmo Marconi demonstrated his new wireless radio by reporting on the race. The masts of the Bermudan rigged vessels with their supporting cables looked like the wireless mast of Marconi's radio. This is how they came to be named Marconi rigs.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Nat Hentoff

**Nathan Irving** "**Nat**" **Hentoff** (June 10, 1925 &ndash; January 7, 2017) was an American historian, novelist, jazz and country music critic, and syndicated columnist for United Media.

## Career
Hentoff was the jazz critic for *The Village Voice* from 1958 to 2009. Following his retirement from *The Village Voice*, Hentoff moved his music column to *The Wall Street Journal*, who published his work until his death.

Hentoff was formerly a columnist for *Down Beat*, *JazzTimes*, *Legal Times*, *The Washington Post*, *The Washington Times*, *The Progressive*, *Editor & Publisher* and *Free Inquiry*. He was a staff writer for *The New Yorker*, and his writing has also been published in *The New York Times*, *Jewish World Review*, *The Atlantic*, *The New Republic*, *Commonweal* and in the Italian *Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo*.

## Death
Hentoff died of natural causes in his Manhattan apartment on January 7, 2017, aged 91.

## References
## Other websites
* About Nat Hentoff 
* Columns at JewishWorldReview.com
* 
** *Booknotes* interview with Hentoff on *Speaking Freely: A Memoir* , October 19, 1997.
* Columns on abortion
* "Nat Hentoff's Last Column: The 50-Year Veteran Says Goodbye" , *Village Voice*, January 6, 2009.
Jerzy Kossela

**Jerzy Kossela** (né **Kosela**; 15 July 1942 &ndash; 7 January 2017) was a Polish guitarist and vocalist. He was born in Częstochowa, Poland. Kossela was the founding member of the bands Electron, Niebiekso-Czarni, Pięciolinie and Czerwone Gitary.

Kossela died on 7 January 2017 in Gdynia, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
* Jerzy Kossela profile , Archiwum Polskiego Rocka 
* Jerzy Kossela profile, Polish Catalogue of Gramophone Records
Lech Trzeciakowski

**Lech Trzeciakowski** (24 December 1931 &ndash; 7 January 2017) was a Polish historian. He was born in Poznań, Poland. Trzeciakowski served as director of the Western Institute (*Instytut Zachodni*) in Poznań from 1974 to 1978.

Trzeciakowski died on January 7 2017 in Poznań of cancer, aged 86.

## References
Ricardo Piglia

**Ricardo Piglia** (November 24, 1941 &ndash; January 6, 2017) was an Argentine one of the most famous contemporary writers in Argentina. He was born in Adrogué and raised in Mar del Plata. He was known for his fiction books *Artificial Respiration* (1980), *The Absent City* (1992), *Burnt Money* (1997); and criticism including *Criticism and Fiction* (1986), *Brief Forms* (1999) and *The Last Reader* (2005).

Piglia died at 75 on January 6, 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina after suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for three years.

## References
Francine York

**Francine York** (born **Francine Yerich**; August 26, 1936 &ndash; January 6, 2017) was an American movie and television actress. She was born in Aurora, Minnesota. Her career began in 1961. She was known for her role as Lydia Limpet in *Batman* and appeared on *Death Valley Days* with Ronald Reagan. She retired in 2014.

York died in Van Nuys, California on January 6, 2017 from cancer, aged 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Official website
Vattaparai Falls

**Vattaparai Falls** is a waterfall in the district of Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu. It is  high. It is in the forest region of Keeriparai, which is also known as Keerparai reserve forest near Bhoodhapandi village on the Pazhayar River.
There is a Kali temple near the waterfalls. But this has been in a underdeveloped area, only a single tea shop can be seen near.This stream is pollution free and people were allowed to bathe here.

## References
Paul Goble

**Paul Goble** (27 September 1933 &ndash; 5 January 2017) was an English writer and illustrator of children's books. He especially wrote about Native American stories. His book *The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses* won a Caldecott Medal in 1979.

Goble died from Parkinson's disease on 5 January 2017, aged 83.

## References
Brinicle

A **brinicle** is a column of ice that forms in seawater. The name is a combination of the words "brine", which means saltwater, and "". A brinicle starts forming from the top of the water down. A brinicle freezes everything in its way as it forms. It is dangerous to sea stars and sea urchins living on the bottom of the ocean. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Brinicle- Sinking Brine; YouTube
Angelo Sodano

**Angelo Raffaele Sodano** (23 November 1927 &ndash; 27 May 2022) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Dean of the College of Cardinals from 2005 to 2019. He was born in Isola d'Asti, Piedmont.

He was Cardinal Secretary of State from 1991 to 2006, under both popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI. On 27 April 2005, he was elected to succeed Benedict XVI as Dean of the College of Cardinals by his fellow Cardinal Bishops. Sodano was the first person since 1828 to serve as Dean and Secretary of State at the same time.

On 22 June 2006, Benedict XVI accepted Sodano's resignation as Secretary of State on 15 September 2006. He was replaced by Tarcisio Bertone, then Archbishop of Genoa.

On 21 December 2019, the Legion of Christ discovered that Sodano was the one who led efforts to cover up the reports of abuse when he was serving as Secretariat of State. Sodano was accused of seeking a deal to bury documents detailing abuse. The same day, Pope Francis accepted Sodano's resignation as Dean of the College of Cardinals. 

Sodano died of COVID-19 on 27 May 2022 at a hospital in Rome, Italy at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*Cardinal Sodano – "Look Upwards"
Spartak Belyaev

**Spartak Belyaev** (October 27, 1923 &ndash; January 5, 2017) was Russian theoretical physicist. He was born in Moscow. Belyaev was awarded a Lomonosov Gold Medal.

He was elected as a head of Russian Academy of Sciences and also held the same position at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. For his breakthroughs and research in physics he was awarded Feenberg medal in 2004. On May 17, 2011 he and Gerard 't Hooft were awarded a Lomonosov Gold Medal by the Russian Academy of Sciences.

## References
Shameless (U.S. TV series)

***Shameless*** is an American comedy-drama television series which airs on Showtime. This remake of the British series is set in Chicago, although filmed in Los Angeles, with the exterior scenes shot in Chicago.

The series is about a dysfunctional family of an alcoholic named Frank Gallagher. He is a single father of six children. While he spends his days drunk or in search of misadventures, his kids learn to take care of themselves. His older daughter, Fiona, took responsibilities as a parent and raised her five siblings.

It stars William H. Macy as Frank Gallagher and Emmy Rossum as Fiona Gallagher. It also stars Joan Cusack who plays Sheila Jackson, a woman who loves Frank and is obsessive. Justin Chatwin, Jeremy Allen White, Cameron Monaghan, Emma Kenney, Ethan Cutkosky, Steve Howey and Shanola Hampton are also in the show.

It first aired on January 9, 2011. It has been nominated for many awards such as Emmy Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards and Golden Globe Awards.

## References
Cedarosaurus

**Cedarosaurus** is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous epoch. It was a herbivore of unknown size. Cedarosaurus was named for the Cedar Mountain Formation in eastern Utah, USA. The skeleton was missing the neck, head and other parts.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Cedarosaurus; YouTube
Saurexallopus

**Saurexallopus** (Pronunciation: Saw-ex-allo-pu) is an ichnogenus, which is a trace fossil of a footprint. What made the footprint is unknown although possibly it was by a bird.

## References
Tom Harpur

The Reverend **Thomas William** "**Tom**" **Harpur** (April 24, 1929 &ndash; January 2, 2017) was a Canadian author, broadcaster, journalist, columnist and theologian. He was an ordained Anglican priest. 

He was a known figure of the Christ myth theory. He believed in the idea that Jesus did not exist but is a fictional or mythological figure. He was the author of a number of books, including ''For Christ's Sake* (1993), *Life after Death* (1996), and *The Pagan Christ'' (2004).

## References
Quentin Matsys

]]
 of Erasmus, by Matsys]]
**Quentin Matsys** (other spellings: Massijs, Matsijs, Metsys for the last name; Quinten or Kwinten for the given name) was a Dutch painter. He was born around 1466 in Leuven. He died in 1530 in Antwerp.
Waterbed

A **waterbed** is a bed or mattress filled with water. Waterbeds intended for medical therapy date back to the 19th century. The modern waterbed was invented San Francisco in the late 1960s by Charlie Hall. It was patented in 1971. It became a very  in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s.

Waterbeds are made of two types: hard-sided and soft-sided.

## References
Fort Lauderdale airport shooting

The **Fort Lauderdale airport shooting** was an attack in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. The mass shooting took place at the Fort Lauderdale—Hollywood International Airport on January 6, 2017.

At 12:55 pm Eastern Standard Time, Esteban Santiago-Ruiz started shooting. The shooting killed five people. Forty two people were injured.

## References
Punica

***Punica*** is a small genus of fruit-bearing deciduous shrubs or small trees. It belongs in the family Lythraceae.

## Name 
The name of the genus *Punica* was given by Linnaeus in 1753 in *Species Plantarum* (Vol. 1, page 472). The type species is *Punica granatum* L.

*Punica* comes from the Latin name for the pomegranate, *malum punicum*, meaning "Carthaginian apple" ("apple from Carthage").

## Description 
The species in this genus are shrubs or small trees that could grow up to  high. Leaves are opossite. Flowers and fruits are yellow to bright red.

Fruits are berries with a strong skin, like leather. Fruits have many seeds with fleshy and edible coats (called **sacrotesta**).

## Species 
There are only two species accepted in the genus *Punica*:
* *Punica granatum* L., pomegranate. The pomegranate originated in the region of modern-day Iran, and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region and northern India.
* *Punica protopunica* Balf.f., Socotra pomegranate. It is  endemic to the island of Socotra. It differs from the common pomegranate because it has pink (not red) flowers and smaller, less sweet fruit.

Although previously placed in its own family **Punicaceae**, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that *Punica* belongs in the family Lythraceae, and it is classified in that family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.

File:PikiWiki Israel 35480 Nature and Colors.JPG|Plant of *P. granatum* with flowers
File:Цветущий гранат.jpg|Flowers of *P. granatum*
File:Pomegranate seeds.jpg|Seeds of *P. granatum*
File:Punica protopunica Socotra.JPG|Flowers and young fruits of *P. protopunica*

## References
Unadilla, Georgia

**Unadilla** is a town in Dooly County, Georgia. The population of Unadilla was 3,118 as of 2020.

## References
Peoria, Arizona

**Peoria** is a city in Maricopa and Yavapai counties in the US state of Arizona. Most of the city is in Maricopa County. The northern part is in Yapavai County. It is a major suburb of Phoenix. It was named for Peoria, Illinois because that is where many of the early settlers came from.

In the 2020 United States Census, 190,985 people lived in the city. Peoria is the eighth largest city in Arizona. Peoria has a Mayor–council government; a mayor and six councilmen who are all elected. Spear points found in Peoria date from 10,000–8,000 BC and show there was hunting activity here.  When the army returned, the Yavapai were eventually removed to a reservation. From that time Peoria steadily grew as a farming community. Peoria incorporated in 1954. 

## Recreation 
Lake Pleasant Regional Park is a large recreational area that is in Peoria. It serves the entire Phoenix area. Its main feature is the 10,000 acre (40&nbsp;km² or 15.6&nbsp;mi²) Lake Pleasant. It is an artificial reservoir that has campgrounds, boating and fishing. 

Peoria also is home the Peoria Sports Complex. It is the official spring training facility for the Seattle Mariners and the San Diego Padres. It has the Challenger Space Center and Canyon Raceway.

## References
Heinz Billing

**Heinz Billing** (7 April 1914 &ndash; 4 January 2017) was a German physicist and computer scientist. He is thought to be a pioneer in the construction of computer systems and computer data storage. He was award the Konrad Zuse Medal in 1987.

## Life & career 
Billing was born in Salzwedel, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. He studied at University of Göttingen. 

During his career, Billing worked at Aerodynamic Test Centre at Göttingen,

Billing died on 4 January 2017 in Garching bei München, Bavaria, Germany at the age of 102.

## References
## Other websites
*Tracking down the gentle tremble at Max-Planck-Gesellschaft's website on account history of GEO600 with Heinz Billing.
Needed Me

"**Needed Me**" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna.  It is the seventh track from her eighth studio album, *Anti*.  The song was written by Rihanna, DJ Mustard, Adam Feeney, Brittany Hazzard, Charles Hinshaw, Derrus Rachel, Khaled Rohaim, Lewis Hughes, Nick Audino, and Te Whiti Barbrick, while DJ Mustard produced the song.  It was released as a single in the US on March 26, 2016.  "Needed Me" reached number seven on the *Billboard* Hot 100.  On the year-end Hot 100 of 2016, the song ranked number 13.  It has been certified four-times Platinum by the RIAA.

## References
Lois Smith

**Lois Smith** (born November 3, 1930) is an American actress. She won a Drama Desk Award in 2006.

She has played supporting roles in movies including *East of Eden*, *Five Easy Pieces*, *Resurrection*, *Fatal Attraction*, *Fried Green Tomatoes*, *Dead Man Walking*, *Tumbleweeds*, *Twister*,  and *Please Give*.  

In television she has performed in series that include  *The Americans*, *True Blood*, and *Desperate Housewives*.

## References
## Other websites
*
John Deely

**John Deely** (April 26, 1942 – January 7, 2017) was an American philosopher and semiotician. He was a Professor of Philosophy at Saint Vincent College and Seminary in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. He was at the Center for Thomistic Studies of the University of St. Thomas in Houston, Texas. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Deely died in Latrobe, Pennsylvania on January 7, 2017 from cancer, aged 74.

## References
Eddie Garcia

**Eduardo Verchez García** (2 May 1929 – 20 June 2019), popularly  known as **Eddie Garcia** or **Manoy**, was a Filipino movie actor and movie director. He appeared in over 600 movies and TV shows as of 2019.

He is also the only person in the Philippines inducted into the FAMAS *Hall of Fame* in three categories: *Best Actor*, *Best Supporting Actor* and *Best Director*.

On 8 June 2019, Garcia suffered a neck fracture after having a fall and was hospitalised in Manila. He was soon moved to Makati, where he died on 20 June 2019. He was 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Greg Jelks

in 2009]]
**Gregory Dion** "**Greg**" **Jelks** (August 16, 1961 &ndash; January 5 or 6, 2017) was an American Australian baseball third baseman. He played with the Philadelphia Phillies of the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1987. He later moved to Australia and played for Perth Heat and the national team. He was born in Centre, Alabama.

Jelks died sometime returning to Australia from the United States. His death was confirmed when his plane arrived in Sydney. He was 55.

## References
## Other websites
Merchant vessel

A **merchant vessel** or **trading vessel** is a boat or ship that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This does not include pleasure craft that do not carry passengers for . Warships are also not considered to be merchant ships.

## Types 
They come in large number of sizes and shapes. They range from twenty-foot inflatable dive boats in Hawaii, to 5,000 passenger casino vessels on the Mississippi River. They include tugboats working in New York Harbor, to 1,000 foot oil tankers and container ships.

Some of the more common types are:
* Bulk carriers - These carry items such as ore, grain, cement and other kinds of bulk cargo. This type makes up 40% of the world's merchant fleets.
* Passenger ships - Are either pleasure (such as a cruise ships) or carry passengers on regular scheduled s (such as a ferry). In 2014, the two countries shipped about 30% of the world's tonnage.

* In English, "Merchant Navy" is usually used to refer to the British Merchant Navy. 

* The United States merchant fleet is known as the United States Merchant Marine.

## References