open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Digital media

**Digital media** (compared to analog media) is a communication media that works on digital codes.  This also includes text, audio, video, and graphics that are transmitted over the internet for viewing or listening to on the internet.

Today, computing is based on the binary numeral system, so the "digital" refers to the use of "0" and "1" to show data. Computers are machines that use binary digital data as information. Digital media ("Formats for presenting information" according to ) like digital audio, digital video and other digital "content" can be created, referred to and distributed by digital information processing machines. Digital media is a big change from (analog) media.

## Digital and analog data
The transformation of an Analog signal to Digital information by an analog-to-digital converter is called sampling. According to information theory, sampling is a reduction of information. Most digital media are based on turning analog data into digital data and vice-versa (see digital recording, digital video, television versus digital television).

## Working with digital media
Compared to analog data, digital data is easier to control, and can be made into many copies without losing any quality. Mathematical operations can be made into digital information regardless of its meaning (you can add "2" to the data "65" and view the result either as the hexadecimal number "43" or the letter "C"). Thus, it is possible to use the same compression operation onto a text file or an image file or a sound file.

## Examples of digital media
* Cellphones
* Compact disc
* Digital video
* Digital television
* e-book
* Internet
* Minidisc
* Video game
* World Wide Web
* e-Commerce
* and many interactive media

## Related pages
* Analog-to-digital converter
* Content delivery
* Digital signal processing

## Other websites
*"Reference Model for Electronic Business Media" 
*Digital MediaNecessary terms and definitions 
## References
Appetizer

An **appetizer** or '''hors d'oeuvre''' is a small dish of an overall meal. It can also be a drink or multiple drinks containing alcohol. Common examples include: shrimp cocktail, calamari, salad, potato skins, mussels, bruschetta or cheese and crackers. An appetizer may also be very elegant in some restaurants.

They are often referred to as snacks or hors d'oeuvres.

## Etymology 
In French, ''hors d'oeuvre'' means "outside the work".

## References
Waverly, Kentucky

**Waverly** is a city in the U.S. state of Kentucky. At the 2020 census, 311 people lived there. It was founded in 1870 and the city was named for founder Hugh McElroy's nephew.

## Geography
Waverly is at  (37.709738, -87.815278).

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has an area of 0.3 square miles (0.7 km2), and that all of it is land.

## References
Riverton, Iowa

**Riverton** is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is built beside the East Nishnabotna River. In 2020, there were 245 people living in Riverton. The 1881 robbery of the Sexton Bank at Riverton was thought to be the work of Jesse James. It was later found out to be the work of the outlaw Polk Wells.

The first settler in the Riverton area was Coleman Smith who built his house there in 1859. He later brought his family to Riverton by boat.

On July 11th, 1881, the Nishna ValleyBank was robbed at gunpoint of $4000. One of the robbers, Polk Wells, was shot during the robbery by the owner of a nearby store.

Two miles north of Riverton is the Riverton Wildlife Management Area. This is  of marsh and wetland which is the breeding area for many types of duck. During the spring there can be as many as 100,000 snow geese in the area. It is a popular place for hunting. It floods during the spring and then dries out during the summer. There are three boat ramps in the area.

## References
Dan Calichman

**Dan Calichman** (born February 21, 1968) is a former American soccer player. He has played for the United States national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
### Managerial
## Honors 
**Individual**

* MLS All-Star: 1996

## References
## Other websites
* National Football Teams
Sitka, Alaska

**Sitka** (Tlingit: Sheetʼká; ) is a city in Alaska, originally founded as **New Archangel** () by the Russian Rule between 1799 and 1867, and was the capital of Russian America.

## References
Stab proof vest

A **stab-proof vest** (or **Stab vest**) is a type of body armor that is used by police officers or prison guards to protect them from attacks using knives (or other sharp objects). 

## Other websites 
* New Zealand Herald - Councils fight violence with stab vests
* Image of a stab vest to be worn under outer clothing 
* Image and Technical Information about Stab Proof Vests 
* Video of Stab Proof Vest Demonstration
Seigo Shimokawa

**Seigo Shimokawa** (born 17 November 1975) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Oita Trinita.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="8"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||17||0||2||0||0||0||19||0
|-
|1998||34||0||1||0||2||0||37||0
|-
|1999||30||0||2||0||2||0||34||0
|-
|2000||30||0||1||0||0||0||31||0
|-
|2001||17||0||5||0||0||0||22||0
|-
|2002||J. League 2||32||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||36||0
|-
|2003||J. League 1||11||0||5||0||3||0||19||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 2||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2005||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||2||0||5||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="5"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||5||0||1||0||1||0||7||0
|-
|2007||23||0||0||0||4||0||27||0
|-
|2008||13||0||0||0||6||0||19||0
|-
|2009||0||0||1||0||3||0||4||0
|-
|2010||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
218||0||24||0||23||0||265||0
218||0||24||0||23||0||265||0
|}

## References
Jalal Dabagh

**Jalal Dabagh** (born May 12, 1939 in the city of Silêmanî in Southern-Kurdistan), is a Kurdish politician and writer/journalist. He was the party leader for the Left Party of south Kurdistan.

Jalal Dabagh has continuously taken part in the Kurdish guerrilla movement, called the peshmerga, and has written and translated many books; among other the Kurdish translation of The Communist Manifesto.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Young-adult fiction

**Young-adult fiction** (often abbreviated as **YA**) is fiction written primarily for adolescents around the ages of 13 to 19. However, many young adults in their 20s and 45s or more also read young adult fiction.  Some young adult fiction is the more popular book "*Romeo and Juliet*" wrote by William Shakespeare.  

## Characteristics 
Young-adult fiction in the form of novels or short stories, have special features that make it different from the types of fiction catered to other age groups: namely Adult fiction, Middle Grade Fiction (for older children aged 8-12), and Early readers Fiction (for very young children under age 8). Most YA stories show an adolescent as the lead character, rather than an adult or a child.  The subject matter and storylines are usually in line with the age and knowledge of the main character. YA stories can span all types of fiction. The settings of YA stories are limited only by the skill of the author. YA stories often focus on the challenges of youth. The entire age category is sometimes referred to as problem novels or coming of age novel. YA novels are often as short as 16000 words. Despite its unique features, YA shares the basic parts of fiction with other stories: character, plot, setting, theme, and style.
## References
Wales football team

The **Wales football team** is the football team of Wales or the **Welsh football team**. Unlike England and Scotland, the Welsh football team is not the most followed version of the game. In Wales, the Welsh rugby team is the most followed. In this circumstance, it is not surprising that the Welsh football team is usually ranked lower than the English and Scottish teams.

Recently, the team has been more highly ranked. The team recorded the biggest rise in the history of the FIFA World Rankings, moving from 117th in 2011 to 8th place in 2015. They are also the smallest nation by population to ever reach the semi-finals of the UEFA European Championship, after reaching the UEFA Euro 2016 semi-finals.

In April 2017, Jess Fishlock became the first player to earn 100 caps for the Wales national football team.

## Most appearances
### Men's team
### Women's team
 became the first player to earn 100 caps for the Wales national football team.]]

## Top scorers
### Men's team
 (players still active in **bold**):

 is Wales' men's top goalscorer of all time]]

### Women's team
 (players still active in **bold**):

## Managers
Prior to 1954 the Welsh team was chosen by a panel of selectors with the team captain fulfilling the role of coach.

## References
Crystal Cave, Bermuda

**Crystal Cave** is the most famous of Bermuda's many underground caverns. It is in Hamilton Parish, close to Castle Harbor. A favorite of tourists since since 1907, it was found in 1905 by Carl Gibbons and Edgar Hollis. The two boys were looking for their lost cricket ball which fell into a hole in the ground. Soon after, the Wilkinson family (the owners of the property since 1884) learned of the discovery. Mr. Percy Wilkinson lowered his 14-year-old son Bernard into it with a bicycle lamp on 140 feet of rope tied to a tree to explore the cave.

The area around Harrington Sound (which is to the south of Crystal Cave) is made of limestone and has many underground waterways, through which the waters of the sound empty into the Atlantic. Crystal Cave is one of these, and - as its name suggests - has many stalactites, stalagmites, and deep crystal-clear pools.

Next to Crystal Cave is Fantasy Cave with Fantasy being deeper (88 steps down). Fantasy Cave was reopened in the summer of 2001 with all the walking paths having been rebuilt and additional lighting added. It was found and opened about the same time as Crystal Cave. It had been closed by the owners in the 1940s.

The two caves on 8 Crystal Caves Rd. at Wilkinson Ave. can be reached by bus, taxi and other private forms of transportation. Outside the two caves is a sub-tropical garden lined with palm trees where one will find many different trees and flowers.

The caves are owned by the local Wilkinson Trust, and are open to the public.

## Gallery
**Crystal Cave**

File:Crystal Cave Bermuda 2.jpg
File:Crystal Cave Bermuda 3.jpg
File:Crystal_Cave,_Bermuda_2.jpg

**Fantasy Cave**

File:IMG_0343fantasy.JPG
File:IMG 0348fantasy.JPG
File:IMG 0351fantasy.JPG

## References
Domestic

**Domestic** (pronounced doe-mes'-tik) or **domestique** can mean:

* Domestic policy are policies for things happening or being inside a country.
* domesticated Animals & Plants
* A cycling domestique
* A domestic worker, see also housekeeper
* Something that means home
* Domestic airport, no international flights
* Domestic violence
* Domestic is also the anglicized form of the Byzantine title domestikos
La Romana, Dominican Republic

**La Romana** is a Dominican city along the Caribbean Sea, in the southeastern part of the country. It is the head municipality of the La Romana province.

The town was built on the right (western) side of the mouth of the river *Dulce* (now also called *Romana*).

## Population
The municipality had, in , a total population of 130,426: 63,261 men and 67,165 women. The urban population was  of the total population, one of the most urban municipality in the country.

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with  of rainfall, followed by September with .

The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is March with an average of  and the second is February with .

La Romana is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

## Administrative division
The municipality of La Romana has only one municipal district:

## Economy
The most important company in La Romana is the Central Romana that produces sugar. This factory was built in 1917 by the South Puerto Rico Sugar Company.

There is also here an important *Free Trade Zone*, a place where there are different companies that made different products to send to other countries and do not pay taxes in the Dominican Republic.

The *La Romana International Airport* is very near the city and there are several important tourist places such as : *Casa de Campo* and *Alto de Chavón*.

Sugarcane is an important crop in the municipality and also cattle raising.

## References
Rod Laver

**Rodney George "Rod" Laver** MBE (born 9 August 1938, in Rockhampton, Australia) is a former tennis player from Australia and a former world #1 in ATP tennis rankings. He won 11 Grand Slam singles titles in his 17-year career. The largest stadium on the Australian Open grounds, Rod Laver Arena, is named after him. He lives currently in Carlsbad California.

## References
**Notes**
Ilta-Sanomat

***Ilta-Sanomat*** is one of Finland's two afternoon newspapers. It is the second largest newspaper in Finland. The other Finnish afternoon newspaper is *Iltalehti*.

## References
Canadian Women's Hockey League

The '''Canadian Women's Hockey League''' (CWHL) was an ice hockey league in Canada that was formed in 2007. Female players from around the world played in this league and in the Western Women's Hockey League. The CWHL replaced the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) in 2007. Many teams (Toronto, Brampton and Montreal) from the NWHL moved to the CWHL.

## Teams in the CWHL 
*Boston Blades
*Brampton Thunder
*Burlington Barracudas
*Montreal Stars
*Team Alberta CWHL
*Toronto Furies

## CWHL Champions 
*2007-08 - Brampton Thunder
*2008-09 - Montreal Stars
*2009-10 - Montreal Stars
*2010-11 - Montreal Stars

## Clarkson Cup 
The Clarkson Cup is an ice hockey trophy, which since 2009 has been awarded to the winner of the Canadian Women's Hockey Championship.

*2009 - Montreal Stars
*2010 - Minnesota Whitecaps (WWHL)
*2011 - Montreal Stars

## Other websites 
* CWHL.ca
* Canadian Women's Hockey League on Facebook
Fig Pudding

***Fig Pudding*** is a young adult novel written by Ralph Fletcher.  It was first published in 1995.  The novel was recommended as one of the ten best books of 1995 by the American Library Association.

## Plot summary
Cliff is eleven years old and the oldest of six children in his family, who live in Ballingsford.  As Christmas nears, Cliff's grandmother arrives for a visit.  Cliff's baby brother is rushed to the hospital with a severe illness.  

While he is getting better in the hospital on Christmas Eve his family finally figure out that he has been asking Santa Claus for a little ladder like the one used to climb up to the top of a bunk bed.  The whole family work together to build Josh a ladder and deliver it him on Christmas morning.  

Later, Cliff's first grade brother Brad, drives his bicycle into an ambulance and dies.  The family spends the next Christmas at a resort trying to adjust to the loss of Brad, but the trip does not seem to work.  

Their spirits rise during a New Year's party at Aunt Pat's house.  When they arrive at the party, Josh accidentally steps into Dad's special fig pudding.  Dad removes the shoe, smooths down the pudding, and swears the children to secrecy.  They all keep a straight face until Uncle Eddie says that the fig pudding is the best ever and asks Dad if he has added some new ingredient.  They all laugh when the real story of the shoe is told. 

## Style
*Fig Pudding* is written using an episodic plot style.

## Reception
In his review for *Booklist,* Chris Sherman wrote: Fletcher captures perfectly the humor, irritations, and sadness of life in a large, close-knit family and makes Cliff a sympathetic and thoughtful narrator, occasionally bewildered by his siblings' antics but always a completely believable older brother. The comedy in the final chapter will leave readers recalling hilarious family disasters of their own.  Elizabeth Devereaux in her review for *Publishers Weekly* said this novel "neatly blends the humor and frustrations of growing up in a large family."

## Notes
## Outside websites
*Ralph Fletcher's website
Bread (band)

**Bread** was an American rock/pop  band. They formed in Los Angeles, California in the late 1960s. "*Make It With You*" was a No. 1 hit in the Billboard chart. "*If*" was a 1971 worldwide hit. Bread disbanded in 1978. The band leader was David Gates. He composed all of Bread's hits. The 1996 reunion was a year-long world tour.

## Major hit singles
* Make It With You
* If
* Baby I'm-A Want You
* Everything I Own
* Guitar Man
* Lost Without Your Love

## Studio albums 
* 1969: Bread	
* 1970: On the Waters	
* 1971: Manna	
* 1972: Baby I'm-a Want You	
* 1972: Guitar Man	
* 1977: Lost Without Your Love
Hiroki Aratani

**Hiroki Aratani** (born 6 August 1975) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ventforet Kofu.

## Club statistics
## References
## Other websites
*
René Higuita

**René Higuita** (born 27 August 1966) is a former Colombian football player. He has played for Colombia national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1991/92||Real Valladolid||La Liga||15||0

|-
|1992||rowspan="5"|Atlético Nacional||rowspan="5"|Primera A||0||0
|-
|1993||5||0
|-
|1994||45||3
|-
|1995||19||0
|-
|1995/96||0||0

|-
|1997/98||Tiburones Rojos Veracruz||Primera División||30||2

|-
|1999||Independiente Medellín||Primera A||20||4
|-
|2000||Real Cartagena||Primera A||21||2
|-
|2001||Junior Barranquilla||Primera A||4||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Deportivo Pereira||rowspan="2"|Primera A||8||0
|-
|2003||5||0

|-
|2004||Sociedad Deportiva Aucas||Serie A||35||0

|-
|2005||Bajo Cauca||||0||0

|-
|2007/08||Deportivo Lara||Primera División||10||0

|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Deportivo Rionegro||rowspan="2"|Primera B||||
|-
|2009||||
15||0
127||9
30||2
35||0
10||0
217||11
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1987||5||0
|-
|1988||6||1
|-
|1989||16||2
|-
|1990||10||0
|-
|1991||11||0
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||13||0
|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||2||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||2||0
|-
!Total||68||3
|}

## References
Masanori Kizawa

is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1989/90||2||0||||||0||0||2||0
|-
|1990/91||20||0||||||5||0||25||0
|-
|1991/92||20||0||||||0||0||20||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||10||0||2||0||0||0||12||0
|-
|1994||23||1||0||0||2||0||25||1
|-
|1995||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||46||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||48||4
|-
|1996||28||1||2||0||9||0||39||1
|-
|1997||28||0||2||0||5||0||35||0
|-
|1998||13||0||0||0||2||0||15||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||32||2||3||0||1||0||36||2
|-
|2000||39||0||3||0||2||0||44||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||34||0||3||1||2||0||39||1
|-
|2002||40||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||43||0
|-
|2003||24||0||||||||||24||0
|-
|2004||19||0||||||||||19||0
378||8||20||1||28||0||426||9
378||8||20||1||28||0||426||9
|}

## References
* TransferMarkt.co.uk; retrieved 2012-3-3.
Takanori Sugeno

**Takanori Sugeno** (born 3 May 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashiwa Reysol.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2003||rowspan="5"|Yokohama||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||24||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|2004||43||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||46||1
|-
|2005||37||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|2006||48||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||48||0
|-
|2007||J. League 1||34||0||2||0||5||0||41||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||24||0||4||0||5||0||33||0
|-
|2009||34||0||2||0||3||0||39||0
|-
|2010||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
244||1||14||0||13||0||271||1
244||1||14||0||13||0||271||1
|}

## References
Kalmar FF

**Kalmar FF** is an association football club in the town of Kalmar in Sweden. The club won the Swedish cup in 1981 and 1987. In 2008, the club won Allsvenskan, becoming Swedish national champions.

## Other websites
* Official website
J.League Cup

**J.League Cup** is a Japanese football competition.

It is one of the three major titles in Japan, along with J1 League and the Emperor's Cup.

## Champions
## Other websites
*J.League
Emperor's Cup

'''Emperor's Cup''' is a Japanese football competition.

It is one of the three major titles in Japan, along with J. League Division 1 and J.League Cup.

## Champions
### Former champions
## References
Takahiro Yamanishi

**Takahiro Yamanishi** (born 2 April 1976) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="10"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="10"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1996||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1997||26||1||4||0||12||0||colspan="2"|-||42||1
|-
|1998||13||0||3||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|1999||11||0||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|2000||18||0||3||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||24||1
|-
|2001||13||0||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2002||24||1||3||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||34||1
|-
|2003||25||0||5||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||39||0
|-
|2004||18||0||2||0||5||0||4||0||29||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||34||0||5||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||46||0
|-
|2006||32||0||3||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|-
|2007||1||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2008||7||0||1||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
222||2||33||1||66||0||4||0||325||3
222||2||33||1||66||0||4||0||325||3
|}

## References
Shigetoshi Hasebe

**Shigetoshi Hasebe** (born 23 April 1971) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1994||rowspan="4"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||20||1||1||0||1||0||22||1
|-
|1995||29||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||2
|-
|1996||5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|1997||7||0||0||0||6||2||13||2
|-
|1997||Kawasaki Frontale||Football League||15||6||3||0||colspan="2"|-||18||6
|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||29||1||2||1||2||0||33||2
|-
|1999||27||1||1||0||2||0||30||1
|-
|2000||25||0||4||0||4||0||33||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="3"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||24||1||3||1||5||0||32||2
|-
|2002||17||0||1||0||4||0||22||0
|-
|2003||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
198||12||16||1||25||2||239||15
198||12||16||1||25||2||239||15
|}

## References
Peter Luccin

**Peter Luccin** (born 9 April 1979) is a French football coach and former professional player. From 2019 to 2024, he was an assistant coach with FC Dallas. He finished the 2024 season as the interim head coach but was not retained for the 2025 season.

## Career statistics
### Club
## References
John Allen Muhammad

**John Allen Muhammad** (December 31, 1960 – November 10, 2009) was a convicted American spree killer responsible for ten deaths in the Washington, D.C. area in 2002.

## References
Victor Silvester

**Victor Marlborough Silvester** OBE (25 February 1900 – 14 August 1978) was an English dancer, author, musician, and dance band leader whose records sold 75 million copies from the 1930s through to the 1980s. He was a significant figure in the development of ballroom dance during the first half of the 20th century. Victor married *Dorothy Newton* in 1922, a few days after winning the World Ballroom Dancing Championship. 

Silvester was born in Wembley, Middlesex. He died in France.

After World War II, his orchestra and his weekly television program, ''Victor Silvester's Dancing Club*, kept him in the public eye. His 1927 textbook, *Modern Ballroom Dancing'', was an immediate bestseller and has remained in print through many editions, the last issued in 2005. He wrote ten other books, including his autobiography.

## References
Horim Museum

**Horim Museum** () is a museum in Sillim-dong Gwanak District, Seoul. It has many ceramics and pictures of Korea.

## Other websites 
* Horim Museum
Vaginoplasty

**Vaginoplasty** is surgery to build or rebuild a vagina. Some babies are born with a problem where the vagina did not grow right. Doctors fix this with a vaginoplasty. Some women do not like how their vagina looks or feels. They can ask for a vaginoplasty. Some transsexual women ask for a vaginoplasty when they go from male to female (sex reassignment surgery).

Most of the time, the goal of the surgery is to enable these people to have sex like other people.

There are many ways to do a vaginoplasty. Most use tissue from other parts of the body of the patient. They can use tissue from inside the mouth, skin tissue, the vaginal labia, or the intestines. For transgender women, they can use the penis and scrotum to make a vagina, but they must continue to dilate the new vagina to keep it by a tool.

## Further reading
* Karim RB, Hage JJ, Dekker JJ, Schoot CM. Evolution of the methods of neovaginoplasty for vaginal aplasia. *Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol.* 1995 Jan;58(1):19-27. Review. PMID 7758640
* Karim RB, Hage JJ, Mulder JW. Neovaginoplasty in male transsexuals: review of surgical techniques and recommendations regarding eligibility. *Ann Plast Surg.* 1996 Dec;37(6):669-75. Review. PMID 8988784
World Dance Council

The **World Dance Council Ltd** (**WDC**), previously known as the **International Council of Ballroom Dancing** (ICBD) until 1996, was established at a meeting organised by P.J.S Richardson on September 22, 1950 in Edinburgh.

Initially consisting of nine European countries and three others, today the WDC has become the leading authority on competitive ballroom and Latin dance. It has members in many countries throughout the world. Each country is allowed one member. As of 2006, there are 59 members.

Its governing body, the Presidium, consists of a President and five vice-presidents. Professional World Championship ballroom dance is organised by the Dancesport Committee; Amateur championships are organised by the Amateur League, and social dancing by the and the Social Dance Committee.

## References
Luciano Galletti

**Luciano Galletti** (born 9 April 1980) is an Argentine retired football player.

## Career statistics
### Club
|-
|1997–98||rowspan="2"|Estudiantes La Plata||rowspan="2"|Primera División||12||1
|-
|1998–99||24||1

|-
|1999–00||Napoli||Serie B||11||2

|-
|2000–01||Estudiantes La Plata||Primera División||28||9

|-
|2001–02||rowspan="4"|Real Zaragoza||La Liga||27||2
|-
|2002–03||Segunda División||37||8
|-
|2003–04||rowspan="2"|La Liga||34||3
|-
|2004–05||37||2
|-
|2005–06||rowspan="2"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||26||1
|-
|2006–07||36||4

|-
|2007–08||rowspan="3"|Olympiacos||rowspan="3"|Super League||34||3
|-
|2008–09||27||14
|-
|2009–10||||
64||11
11||2
197||20
51||17
323||50
|}

### International
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||7||1
|-
!Total||13||1
|}

## References
Keisuke Ota (born in 1979)

**Keisuke Ota** (born 24 April 1979) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|2002||rowspan="4"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||4||1||0||0||4||1
|-
|2003||11||2||1||0||12||2
|-
|2004||24||5||2||2||26||7
|-
|2005||24||2||0||0||24||2
|-
|2006||Thespa Kusatsu||J. League 2||38||4||1||0||39||4

|-
|2007||Minnesota Thunder||USL First Division||19||2||||||19||2

|-
|2008||V-Varen Nagasaki||Regional Leagues||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
102||14||4||2||106||16
19||2||||||19||2
121||16||4||2||125||18
|}

## References
Tomoji Eguchi

**Tomoji Eguchi** (born 22 April 1977) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1996||rowspan="4"|Vissel Kobe||Football League||||||||||||||||
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||13||4||2||1||2||0||17||5
|-
|1998||22||0||0||0||1||0||23||0
|-
|1999||1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||23||2||0||0||4||1||27||3
|-
|2001||13||3||1||0||1||0||15||3
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||30||10||3||2||colspan="2"|-||33||12
|-
|2003||5||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1
107||20||7||3||8||1||122||24
107||20||7||3||8||1||122||24
|}

## References
Mastectomy

**Mastectomy** is a surgery to remove the breast. They may remove one breast or both breasts. They may remove some of the breast, or all of it.

Mastectomy is often done for people with breast cancer. Both men and women can get this cancer. Both men and women can need a mastectomy. Some people with a high risk of breast cancer have the operation before the cancer starts.

If they find a tumor in the breast, they may only remove part of the breast around the tumor. Then the person might also take drugs (chemotherapy) to stop the cancer. They might also have a machine send energy (radiation) into the breast. Sometimes this can stop the cancer.

Transgender men also get this surgery to reassign their sex.

## Other websites
* Types of Mastectomy  at mrbra.com
* Advice for Men with Breast Cancer at National Cancer Institute
* Mastectomy study at BBC
* Mastectomy summary  at breastcancer.org
* Mastectomy article at eMedicine
* Mastectomy And The Swimwear Industry (Article)
Åtvidabergs FF

**Åtvidabergs FF** is an association football club in Åtvidaberg in Sweden. The club won Allsvenskan and became Swedish national champions in the years of 1972 and 1973.

## References
## Other websites 
* Åtvidabergs FF
Raúl García

**Raúl García** (born 11 July 1986) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Osasuna||rowspan="3"|La Liga||2||0
|-
|2005/06||33||5
|-
|2006/07||33||4
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||35||3
|-
|2008/09||36||3
|-
|2009/10||||
139||15
139||15
|}
Yoshifumi Yamada

**Yoshifumi Yamada** (born 4 November 1981) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||9||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2003||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2004||Otsuka Pharmaceuticals||Football League||6||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||1
19||1||1||0||0||0||20||1
19||1||1||0||0||0||20||1
|}

## References
Elinor Ostrom

**Elinor Claire "Lin" Ostrom** (*née* **Awan**; August 7, 1933 &ndash; June 12, 2012) was an American political economist. She won the Nobel Prize 2009 in Economic Sciences which she shared with Oliver Williamson. Ostrom became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in this category. Her worked said that the idea of the *Tragedy of the Commons* was too simple. Some communities do share common resources in a positive way and do not waste or destroy them.

Ostrom was one of 20 Nobel Laureates who signed the "Stockholm memorandum" at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011.

Ostrom taught at both Indiana University and Arizona State University. She was born in Los Angeles, California. She was married to political scientist Vincent Ostrom (born 1919) from 1963 until she died. She was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in October 2011 and died of the disease

## References
Spider Boy (novel)

***Spider Boy*** is a young adult novel written by Ralph Fletcher, first published in 1997.

## Plot summary
Bobby Ballenger is starting a new school far from his old home.  He moved from Illinois to New Paltz, New York and his love of spiders has earned him the nickname of Spider Boy from Illinois. This was given to him by the class bully.  His pet spider has not eaten since the family moved.  Bobby keeps a journal where he records interesting facts about spiders. He then uses it to record his frustrations and thoughts about his new school.

## Notes
## References
*
*

## Other websites
*Ralph Fletcher's website
Sugababes

**Sugababes** are a British girl group. They were formed in 1998 by Ron Tom when the members were still at school. The band has since had a string of hits both in the United Kingdom including six number ones, and in several other countries. The band has changed its line-up thrice, because of reported differences between the members of the band. The original lineup was Siobhan, Mutya, and Keisha. 
## Discography
Their first album,* One Touch*, was released in 2000. Siobhan left in 2001. Heidi Range, an original member of Atomic Kitten, replaced her. In 2002 their second album *Angels With Dirty Faces *was released on Island Records. It reached number 2 in the UK albums chart. Their third album *Three* was released in 2003. In 2004 they sung "Do They Know It's Christmas" as part of Band Aid 20. It reached No.1. In October 2005 their fourth album *Taller in More Ways* was released. It was their first UK number one album. It was also popular in other countries including Australia, Ireland, and Switzerland. In December 2005 it was announced that Mutya was no longer a member. Amelle Berrabah replaced her in the same month. "Follow Me Home" was rerecorded and released as the album's fourth single. In 2006 British Hit Singles & Albums named the band the most successful all-female group in the 21st century. They released Overloaded: The Singles Collection, which included two new songs, "Easy" and "Good to Be Gone". 
The band released their fifth album *Change* in 2007. It reached number one and sold over 300,000 copies in the UK. In 2008 *Catfights and Spotlights* was released. Their seventh studio album *Sweet 7* was released in March 2010. On 11 April 2011 the band released two albums, *The Best of the Bs* and *The Complete Bs*. Both were collections of songs from other albums they had made. 
The band started a break in 2012 so that the members could do solo work. In 2013 Jade Ewen said that the band had officially split in 2011. The original members have formed a band called Mutya Keisha Siobhan who plan to release their first album in 2014.

## Awards
In their career the band were nominated for forty-one awards, 14 of which they won.

## References
Yoon Jong-hwan

**Yoon Jong-Hwan** (윤정환 尹晶煥, born February 16, 1973) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as a football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1995||Yukong Kokkiri||K-League||19||3||colspan="2"|-||5||0||24||3
|-
|1996||Bucheon Yukong||K-League||15||0||||||7||2||22||2
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Bucheon SK||rowspan="3"|K-League||7||2||||||9||1||16||3
|-
|1998||16||1||||||12||3||28||4
|-
|1999||11||2||||||7||1||18||3

|-
|2000||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka ||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||29||3||3||3||3||0||35||6
|-
|2001||26||4||5||6||1||0||32||10
|-
|2002||J. League 2||26||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||2

|-
|2003||Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma||K-League||30||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||30||1
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors||rowspan="2"|K-League||23||2||2||0||11||0||36||2
|-
|2005||19||1||5||0||12||1||36||2

|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||41||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||43||2
|-
|2007||26||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||26||1
140||12||7||0||63||8||210||20
148||12||13||9||4||0||165||21
288||24||20||9||67||8||375||41
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||2||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||5||0
|-
|1998||12||3
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||5||1
|-
!Total||37||4
|}

## References
## Other websites
* J-League, 尹晶煥 YOON Jong Hwan 
* K-League, 윤정환 尹晶煥 Yoon, Jong Hwan
Blackpool Dance Festival

The 8-day **Blackpool Dance Festival** is the world's first and most famous annual ballroom dance competition of international significance. It has been held in the Winter Gardens, Blackpool, England since 1920 (except for war-time). It is also the largest regular ballroom competition: in 2003, 1539 couples from 54 countries took part in the festival.

As of the early 21st century the festival is held in May. It covers Ballroom dance, including Latin dances. The Festival includes the British Open Championships in categories of adult amateur and professional couples and formation teams. In 2005 two new categories were introduced: the British Rising Star Amateur Ballroom and Latin Competitions. Two invitation events, the Professional Team Match and the Exhibition Competition, create much interest.

The Junior Dance Festival, Blackpool Sequence Dance Festival, and British National Dance Festival are also held annually in Blackpool.

The annual World Professional Championship in either Ballroom or Latin dance is often held in Blackpool (4 times between 1989 and 2005), but is not connected with the Dance Festival.

## References
## Other websites
* Blackpool Dance Festival official website
* Blackpool Dance home page at danceplaza
* The History of the Blackpool Dance Festival
Scissor Sisters

The **Scissor Sisters** are a music group. They are classified as being rock, pop, and dance. They did a remake of Pink Floyd's "Comfortably Numb". They formed their band in 2001 in New York. Paddy Boom is one of their band members along with Jake Shears. Scissor Sisters have released four albums.

## History
### Early career
At first the Scissor Sisters were called **Dead Lesbian**. They then changed their name to the **Fibrillating Scissor Sisters**. In 2002 the band were signed to A Touch of Class. They released their first single "Electrobix" in 2003. 

### Scissor Sisters
In 2004 "Comfortably Numb" was released as a single. It reached number 14 in the UK Singles Chart. "Take Your Mama" was then released as a single. It reached number 17 in the UK Singles Chart.
They released their first album, *Scissor Sisters*, in 2004. The album got good reviews from music critics. It sold more than any other album in the UK in 2004. It has sold over 2,100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. 

### Tah-Dah
In 2005 the Scissor Sisters won three BRIT Awards. In September 2006 the Scissor Sisters released their second album, *Ta-Dah*. The album's first single, "I Don't Feel Like Dancin'", reached number one in the UK. Elton John played piano on the song.

### Night Work
In June 2010 Scissor Sisters' fourth album *Night Work* was released. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number two. Three singles were released from the album.

### Magic Hour
In 2012 the band's fourth album *Magic Hour* was released. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number four. "Shady Love" was released as the album's first single. It was only released on vinyl to 200 of the band's fans on Twitter and Facebook. Azealia Banks rapped on the song. "Only the Horses" was released as the album's second single. It reached number twelve in the UK Singles Chart.

## Albums 
* Scissor Sisters (2004)
* Ta-Dah (2006)
* Night Work (2010)
* Magic Hour (2012)

## References
Set partitioning in hierarchical trees

**SPIHT** (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) is a compression algorithm intended for compression of wavelet transform coefficients. It was introduced by Amir Said and William A. Pearlman in 1996. Its predecessor was EZW coding algorithm.

More practically, SPIHT progressively transforms these coefficients into a bit stream. This stream can be anywhere cut off. During decoding coefficients are increasingly refined.

## References 
*
Stede Bonnet

**Stede Bonnet** (c. 1688 – December 10, 1718) was an early 18th-century Barbadian pirate, sometimes called "the gentleman pirate" because he was a moderately rich landowner before turning to a life of crime. Bonnet was captured and was executed by hanging at White Point Garden, in Charleston, South Carolina on 10 December 1718.

## References
Tommy Trouble and the Magic Marble

***Tommy Trouble and the Magic Marble*** is a children's novel written by Ralph Fletcher with drawings by Ben Caldwell. It was first published in 2000.

## Plot summary
Tommy who loves collecting needs ten dollars to buy a magic marble from another boy.  He tries to pick flowers from his mother's rose garden to sell to a neighbor. He also tries to trade his little brothers snake.  Tommy finally decides that the magic marble is not worth the trouble.

## References
*
*
*

## Other websites
*Ralph Fletcher's website
Flying Solo

***Flying Solo*** is a young adult novel written by Ralph Fletcher, first published in 1998.

## Plot summary
Mr. Fabiano is a sixth-grade teacher that calls in sick on April 28th. When his class arrives, they find that their substitute teacher is missing.  The class decides that they will not report this to the principal and will run the classroom by themselves.  The students follow the instructions left by their teacher.  All goes well until the end of the day, when a fight breaks out between two classmates and Mr. Fabiano is called upon to join in a school assembly. 

## Characters in *Flying Solo :*
*Mr. Fabiano — The teacher of Class 6-238, he takes a day off.
*Rachel — She has been mute for six months since a classmate (Tommy Feathers) who was fond of her died six months ago
*Bastian — An  Air Force brat that can't stop thinking about his dog that will be quarantined. He teases other kids often. Bastian has to move to Hawaii because of his dad.
*John — Bastian's best friend.
*Sean — A quiet boy who has a crush on Rachel and doesn't have the best home life
*Karen — A confident girl, and natural leader of the class. She takes control of the class when they decide to run the classroom themselves.
*Jessica — The only member of the class that is not sure the students should run the class. She believes it isn't the right thing. Her father is a lawyer.
*Christopher — A nasty spoiled boy, he annoys most of the class.
*Missy — A fat girl, she is Rachel's best friend, Rachel's interpreter.
*Sky Reed — A new kid in the class, he's from California.
*

## Themes
Some of topics in the novel include selective mutism, death, and grief.

## Notes
## References
*
*
*

## Outside websites
*Ralph Fletcher's website

***Flying Solo*** is a young adult novel written by Ralph Fletcher, first published in 1998.
Hwajeong Museum

**Hwajeong Museum** () is a museum in Jongno District, Seoul. It was opened in 1999. It has many relics of Korea, China, and Tibet.

## Other websites 
* Hwajeong Museum
Harlequin (color)

**Harlequin** is the name of the color that is halfway between green and chartreuse green on the Colour wheel. On color plate 17 in the 1930 book *A Dictionary of Colour*, the color *harlequin* is shown as being on the colour wheel precisely halfway between *green* and *yellow-green* (the color which was formerly called *yellow-green* is now called *chartreuse green*). 

The first recorded use of *harlequin* as a color name in English was in 1923.

## Meaning of harlequin
* In medieval times, jesters often wore a harlequin colored costume (the word harlequin is sometimes used as a synonym for jester). Therefore, the color harlequin represents humor.

## Tones of harlequin color comparison chart
## Related pages
*List of colors

## References
National Palace Museum of Korea

**National Palace Museum of Korea** () is a museum in Jongno District, Seoul. It was opened in 1908 and reopened in Gyeongbok Palace in 2005. It has royal relics of Joseon Dynasty. It also has 3 National Treasures of Korea.

## Other websites 
* National Palace Museum of Korea
New Japan Pro-Wrestling

, also known as **NJPW**, is Japanese professional wrestling promotion.

NJPW is the largest wrestling promoter in Japan. NJPW has working agreements with other  promoters, including: World Wrestling Entertainment, World Championship Wrestling, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, and PRIDE Fighting Championships.

## Champions 
### Current champions 
#### Men's 
#### Women's 
#### Tag team 
#### Tournaments 
## Related pages
* Sports in Japan
* New Japan Pro Wrestling roster

## References
## Other websites
* New Japan Pro Wrestling website
Oleh Protasov

**Oleh Protasov** (born February 4, 1964) is a former Ukrainian football player. He has played for the Soviet Union national team and the Ukrainian national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list the Soviet Union's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Protasov goal.*

## Honours
**Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk**	
*Soviet Top League: 1983
*USSR Federation Cup: 1986

**Dynamo Kyiv	
*Soviet Top League: 1990
*Soviet Cup: 1989–90

**Olympiacos**
*Greek Cup: 1991–92

**Soviet Union**
*UEFA European Championship runner-up: 1988

**Individual*'
*ADN Eastern European Footballer of the Season: 1985
*Soviet Footballer of the Year: 1987
*Soviet Top League top scorer: 1985, 1987, 1990
*UEFA Silver Boot: 1984
**Gazeta Sporturilor* Romania Coach of the Year: 2005

## References
## Other websites
* National Football Teams
* RSSSF
Patrick Kane

**Patrick Kane** (born November 19, 1988 in Buffalo, New York) is an NHL ice hockey right winger/center for the Detroit Red Wings.

He was the first overall pick in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. On June 12, 2008 he won the Calder Memorial Trophy awarded to the best rookie player beating his Blackhawks teammate Jonathan Toews and Washington Capitals forward Nicklas Backstrom. He was the cover athlete for the video game NHL 10. He has also competed in the 2009 NHL All-Star Game. Kane was selected to compete with Team USA in the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. On June 9, 2010 Patrick Kane scored the game-winning overtime goal which led the Blackhawks in winning their first Stanley Cup in 49 years which ended the longest Stanley Cup drought in the NHL.

## Early career 
Kane started his ice hockey career with the *Cazenovia Chiefs*, a team in his hometown of Buffalo. He also played for the *West Seneca Wings*, *Buffalo Regals*, and *Depew Saints*. When he was fourteen he played junior hockey for the USA Bobcats where he earned the title of MVP when he scored the most goals. He lived with former NHL player Pat Verbeek when he moved to Michigan at the age of fourteen while he played for the Honeybaked AAA hockey club of the Midwest Elite Hockey League. He stayed with the team for 3 years before the London Knights drafted him in the 5th round of the 2004 Ontario Hockey League Midget Draft.

Although he was drafted by the Knights in 2004, he did not play with them until the 2006–07 OHL season because he decided to play for the United States U-18 National Team Development Program. While he was part of the program, he led the team in scoring with 102 points during the 2005–06 season. During his OHL years, he played on a line along with future NHLers Sergei Kostitsyn and Sam Gagner.

## NHL
Kane scored the overtime game-winning goal against Michael Leighton of the Philadelphia Flyers during Game 6 of the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals to win the Blackhawks their first Stanley Cup in 49 years which ended the longest Stanley Cup drought in the NHL. Kane was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy for Stanley Cup Playoffs MVP.

## Arrest & charges 
On the night of August 9, 2009, Patrick Kane and his cousin were riding in a taxi and allegedly punched the taxi driver because he did not have the correct change. Kane and his cousin were charged with second-degree robbery, fourth-degree criminal mischief, and theft of services. He pleaded not guilty and apologized for the trouble he caused but pleaded guilty to noncriminal disorderly conduct charges.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs
**Bold** indicates led league

### International
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Adhemar (footballer, born 1972)

**Adhemar Ferreira de Camargo Neto** (born 27 April 1972), usually just called **Adhemar**, is a former Brazilian football player.

## References
Arno van Zwam

**Arno van Zwam** (born 16 September 1969) is a former Dutch football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="8"|Fortuna Sittard Combinatie||Eredivisie||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|Eerste Divisie||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1994/95||34||0||||||||||34||0
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="5"|Eredivisie||33||0||||||||||33||0
|-
|1996/97||34||0||||||||||34||0
|-
|1997/98||34||0||||||||||34||0
|-
|1998/99||31||0||||||||||31||0
|-
|1999/00||34||0||||||||||34||0

|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||15||0||3||0||4||0||22||0
|-
|2001||26||0||2||0||8||0||36||0
|-
|2002||16||0||0||0||5||0||21||0
|-
|2003||17||0||0||0||5||0||22||0

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="4"|NAC Breda||rowspan="4"|Eredivisie||7||0||||||||||7||0
|-
|2004/05||3||0||||||||||3||0
|-
|2005/06||17||0||||||||||17||0
|-
|2006/07||2||0||||||||||2||0
229||0||||||||||229||0
74||0||5||0||22||0||101||0
303||0||5||0||22||0||330||0
|}