open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Neptune Fountain

The **Neptune Fountain** or the **Fountain of Neptune** (Fr: *Bassin de Neptune*) is a fountain at the Palace of Versailles. It was built under the direction of landscape designer André Le Nôtre between 1679 and 1681. At that time, it was called the Pool Below the Dragon or the Fir Tree Pool. The Fountain is at the end of the long path that features the Water Walk and the Dragon Fountain. Jacques-Ange Gabriel reworked the pool area very slightly, and, in 1740, the lead sculptures were put in place. The new fountain was officially opened by King Louis XV of France. 

The fountain has 99 jets of water. People admired the force and variety of the jets of water playing over the sculptural groups. The fountain is decorated with stone vases, sea cupids, and three central sculpted groups depicting *Neptune and Amphitrite* by L. A. Adam, *Proteus* by Bouchardin, and *Ocean* by Jean-Baptise Lemoyne. The Neptune Fountain is the largest of all the fountain pools in the gardens of Versailles. Fireworks during the summer months create spectacular displays that are reflected in the fountain's large pool.

## Gallery 

File:Versailles-Les Eaux Musicales-Bassin de Neptune-1.jpg|Neptune Fountain
File:Bassin de Neptune - Parc du Château de Versailles - 11 mars 2011 - P1050672-P1050675.jpg|Neptune Fountain
File:Eugène Atget - Versailles, Basin de Neptune - 1963.1004.jpg|Neptune Fountain
File:Eugène Atget - Versailles, Basin de Neptune - 1963.942.jpg|Neptune Fountain
File:Parc de Versailles, bassin de Neptune, vue générale.jpg|Panorama

## Notes 
## References 
* Constans, Claire. 1995. *Versailles* Éditions Mahé S.A. page 88.
* Viator: Bassin de Neptune
Amine

An **amine** is a molecule which has a nitrogen atom that can behave as a base. An amine can be thought of coming from ammonia. The difference is that the three hydrogens in ammonia are changed to any group or atom. If only one of the hydrogens is changed, the amine is called primary. If two are changed, the amine is called secondary. If all three are changed then it is called tertiary. 

Sometimes, a fourth group can be added to the nitrogen. This is called a quaternary ammonium cation. This is not an amine but is a salt. If one of the groups on the nitrogen is a carbonyl group, then the molecule is called an amide. This has very different properties.

Amines are used a lot in chemistry. Since the nitrogen has a lone pair, it can do many reactions. It can take protons away from some acids. It can also be a nucleophile. It can be changed into imines and other functional groups.

Amines are also found in many proteins. They are a part of every amino acid.
## References
Giulia Farnese

**Giulia Farnese** (1474 – 23 March 1524) was mistress to Pope Alexander VI.

## Further reading 
*Patrizia Rosini, Danilo Romei (2012). "Regesto dei documenti di Giulia Farnese". ed. Lulu. .
*Bellonci, Maria. The Life and Times of Lucrezia Borgia.
*del Vecchio, Edoardo (1972). I Farnese. Rome: Istituto di studi romani.
*Spinosa, Antonio (1999). La saga dei Borgia. Milan: Mondadori. .
Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology

**Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology** (**ACCET-Karaikudi**) is an autonomous (with effect from 2009) college of engineering in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. It was established in 1952. The college is under the control of the state government. It is a member institute under the Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme in India (11 colleges were selected from Tamil Nadu).

## Other websites 
*
Johan Galtung

**Johan Galtung** (born 24 October 1930 in Oslo; d. 2024) was a Norwegian sociologist and mathematician. He was the main founder of the discipline of peace and conflict studies. He thought that world peace is not only the absence of war but also freedom from poverty and discrimination. In 1987, he won the Right Livelihood Award.

## References
1075

## Events 
* February &ndash; Pope Gregory VII holds a council that publishes a decree against lay investiture.
* April &ndash; Pope Gregory VII publishes the *Dictatus Papae* (Sayings of the Pope, aka the Dictates of Hildebrand), in which he asserts papal authority over earthly as well as spiritual rulers.
* Revolt of the Earls: Three earls rebel against William I of England (William the Conqueror), in the last serious act of resistance to the Norman Conquest.
* First Battle of Langensalza: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Saxon nobles and subjugates Saxony.
* The Liao Dynasty version of the Buddhist Tripitaka is completed (approximate date).
* Anund Gårdske is removed as king of Svealand and king Håkan the Red of Gothenland makes himself king of all Sweden.
* The Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem from the Fatimids.
* Lý dynasty forces under Lý Thường Kiệt defend Vietnam against invasion by Song Dynasty China.
* The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo solves a border dispute with the Liao Dynasty by finding old diplomatic records; he argues Emperor Daozong of Liao's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern Pingquan in Hebei), and reestablishes the Song's borders.

## Births 
* June 9 &ndash; Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1137)
* Saint Magnus Erlendsson (d. 1116 or 1117)
* Adelaide del Vasto (d. 1118)
* Orderic Vitalis, monk and historian (approximate date)

## Deaths 
* June 10 &ndash; Ernest of Austria (b. 1027)
* August 2 &ndash; Patriarch John VIII of Constantinople
* December 4 &ndash; Anno II, archbishop of Cologne
* December 19 &ndash; Edith of Wessex, queen of Edward the Confessor of England
* John Xiphilinus, Byzantine historian
* Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, King of Gwynedd
* Peter Krešimir IV, King of Croatia

## References
List of national trees

A **tree emblem** is a tree or plant that is chosen by a country as a symbol or emblem for that country.

## Examples
## References
Kahina

**Dihya** (Algerian Arabic: '***, Berber: ****, **Dihya**, or **Damya*'), was a Berber queen and religious and military leader. She led the native people to resist Arab expansion in Northwest Africa. This happened in the region then known as Numidia, which is eastern Algeria today. She was born in the early 7th century and died around the end of the 7th century in what is now Algeria.
Pseudanthium

(*Helianthus annuus*) pseudanthium]]

A **pseudanthium** (Greek for "false flower") or **flower head** is a special type of inflorescence. Many flowers are grouped together to form a flower-like structure. The real flowers ("florets") are generally small and greatly reduced, but can sometimes be quite large (as in the sunflower flower head).

Pseudanthia are characteristic of the daisy and sunflower family (Asteraceae or Compositae). Their flowers are either *ray flowers* or *disk flowers*. The disk flowers in the center of the pseudanthium look like the centre of a normal flower. Flowers on the periphery have one large petal. This sytem is unique to this family. Either ray or disk flowers may be absent in some species: *Senecio vulgaris* lacks ray flowers and *Taraxacum officinale* lacks disk flowers. The pseudanthium has a whorl of bracts below the flowers.

At a glance, a pseudanthium (inflorescence) looks just like a normal flower, but closer inspection shows it is composed of multiple flowers. Thus, the pseudanthium represents an evolution of the inflorescence to a reproductive unit that may function in pollination like a single flower, at least in plants that are animal pollinated. The advantage of this "flower" is that it produces far more seeds than a normal flower, but needs only one act of pollination.

## Related terms
**Head**
This is an equivalent term for flower head and pseudanthium when used in the botanical sense.

**Capitulum (plural capitula)**
*Capitulum* can be used as an exact synonym for pseudanthium and flower head. Its use is generally restricted to the Asteraceae family, though at least one source defines it as a small flower head. In addition to its botanical use as a term meaning flower head it is also used to mean the top of the sphagnum plant.

## References
Anna of Kashin

**Saint Anna of Kashin** (1280 – 2 October 1368) was a Russian princess from the Rurik Dynasty. She was given sainthood in 1650. Her feast day, October 2, was created in 1909.

## References
Matilda of Scotland

**Matilda of Scotland** (c. 1080 – 1 May 1118), born Edith, was the first wife and Queen consort of Henry I of England.

## References
A Lady in Her Bath

***A Lady in Her Bath*** is a painting by François Clouet. It was painted in 1571. It measures 92.3 x 81.2&nbsp;cm (36 5/16 x 31 15/16 in.) The picture is in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. It is one of only three paintings signed by Clouet. The teenaged bather is unknown. It is possible that she is Diane de Poitiers, mistress of King Henry II of France when she was a teenager. Scholar Roger Trinquet suggested in 1966 that the teenaged lady is Mary Queen of Scots. The lady's face resembles other portraits of Mary, especially a drawing by Clouet depicting Mary in mourning. Trinquet believes the painting was intended as a satire for a Huguenot patron. The painting set a fashion for portraits of bathers.

The National Gallery writes: "The masklike symmetry of the bather's face makes exact identification difficult; scholars have suggested that her aristocratic features indicate that she is one of several royal mistresses, most notable among them Diane de Poitiers, the mistress of Henry II. It is possible that the nude, a Venus type, represents ideal beauty rather than a specific individual. The contrast of the smoothly rendered nude figure to the intricate surface details of the fruit, draperies, and jewelry, presents a union of Flemish and Italian motifs that characterized French courtly art of the sixteenth century."

## References
Wind from the Sea

***Wind from the Sea*** is a tempera on hardboard painting by Andrew Wyeth. It was painted in 1947. It measures 47 x 70 cm (18 1/2 x 27 9/16 in.) The work hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. They write: "*Wind from the Sea* is an iconic example of Wyeth's landscapes, as well as one of the earliest examples of his use of windows and his often unique choice of vantage point. Three preparatory studies for the painting accompanied the gift. All four works were bequeathed to the Gallery by Charles H. Morgan.*Wind from the Sea* is the second painting by Wyeth to enter the National Gallery's collection; *Snow Flurries*, a 1953 tempera painting, was given in 1977." 

## References
Sindh High Court

The **High Court of Sindh** is the highest judicial institution of Sindh province. Established in 1906, it is in the provincial capital, Karachi. Apart from being the highest Court of Appeal for Sindh in civil and criminal matters, the Court was the District Court and the Court of Session in Karachi.

## References
Lahore High Court

The **Lahore High Court** is based in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It was established as a high court on 1 March 1882. The Lahore High Court has jurisdiction over Punjab. The High Court's main seat is in Lahore, but there are benches in three other Pakistani cities: Rawalpindi, Multan and Bahawalpur.

## References
Natore District

**Natore** is a district of Rajshahi Division in northern Bangladesh. 
It borders the metropolitan city of Rajshahi, and used to be part of Rajshahi district.

## Etymology
At first Natore was a beel (a large water body) whose name was Chaivhanga. In 1706 Raja Ramjibon Rai established his capital here by filling the beel. Up until 1821 Natore was the central office of Rajshahi district. In 1845 Natore Mahakuma was established. Natore Municipality was established in 1869. Natore became a fullfledged district in 1984. “Indigo resistance” movements took place in this district during 1859 and 1860.
## History
Natore was the District Headquarters of Rajshahi since 1769-1825. Administrative Natore subdivision was established in 1825 under Rajshahi district, on the eve of the shifting of the HQ.

During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 a direct battle was fought between the Pakistani occupation army and the freedom fighters of Mukti Bahini on 29 March in which about 40 members of the Pakistani army including Major Aslam and Captain Ishaq were killed. On 5 May 1971 Pakistani Army killed 42 employees of North Bengal Sugar Mills (Lalpur) including the then General Manager of the mill, Lieutenant Anwarul Azim; they were killed near a pond in the mill campus. The pond is now known as "Shaheed Sagar" and there is a memorial beside the pond.

Marks of the War of Liberation: Mass grave 5, memorial 1.
Batman & Robin

***Batman & Robin*** is a 1997 American superhero movie directed by Joel Schumacher. It is based on the comic book character created by Bob Kane. It stars George Clooney as Batman, Chris O'Donnell as Robin, Alicia Silverstone as Batgirl, Arnold Schwarzenegger as Mr. Freeze, and Uma Thurman as Poison Ivy. The movie is about Batman and Robin trying to prevent Mr. Freeze, Poison Ivy, and Bane from covering Gotham City with ice and vegetation while at the same time struggling to keep their partnership together. It grossed over $230 million in the box office.  It got mixed reviews from the critics. It was criticized for its gay innuendo. The movie was released on June 20, 1997 in the United States. The movie is 124 minutes long. It is rated PG-13.
## Plot Summary
Dr Pamela Isley was a scientist working in South America until her superior Dr Jason Goodhue tried to kill when she found out he was trying to use her experiments to make a super race of thugs {BAne] Instead of being killed she was trasformed into a half Human-half plant mutant calling her self "Poison Ivy". She embarks on a crime wave until she is imprisoned at Gotham Arkham Asylum, where she meets "Mr Freeze" a former physician who in trying to cure his cryogenically frozen thermally ill wife was accidently submerged into a freezing solution in which he can only exist in subzero temperatures. They Both escape from the asylum  Freeze to turn the entire world into a ice planet...while "Poison Ivy" tries to make plant life supreme species. Ivy tries to kill Mrs Fries and then Robin but fails both times and is captured by Batgirl; Mr Freeze finds that his wife is still alive and gives Batman a cure Alfred the Butler who has been stricken with a deadly illness. Back at Arkham Asylum the nearly totally insane Poison IVy is imprisoned in a permanent Freeze beam; her roommate Mr Freeze tells her that he is going to make her life "A living hell" of permanent Winter in revenge for what she did to his wife,

## References
Yin and yang

.]]
The **Taijitu**, more commonly referred to as **Yin and yang**, is a Chinese symbol from a belief system called **Taoism.** It is also stylized as Yinyang or Yin-Yang. It represents the idea that nature is made up of opposing, yet complementary forces and energy.

## Colors
The traditional symbol has two opposite colors, White (Yang) and Black (Yin). Both sides contain the opposite color inside of itself to represent the main idea of **dualism**. Some examples of these balanced opposites are: Light and Dark, Male and Female, Expansion and Contraction, Up and Down, Sun and Moon, and Movement and Rest. 

## What they mean
Yin and Yang are interchangeable with one another, so Yang can become Yin. The Yin-Yang duality also applies to how people should live their lives. The belief is that we should not have too much or too little of something, such as food for example. While food is essential to life and survival, eating too much can cause health problems, while too little causes starvation.

## Common applications 
Alternative and holistic medicine includes the Yin–Yang dualism and has grown in popularity in the western world. The symbol and ideas are often portrayed in daily life, such as in movies or artwork. 

Science includes that ideal of dualism in some areas as well. Magnets require both north and south poles to be functional and to move. In chemistry, protons can be represented by Yang and electrons can be represented by Yin.

## References
## Other websites 
* Yin Yang meaning in Chinese educational video.
* Taijitu more deeply explained
Aspen, Colorado

**Aspen** is a municipality in Colorado. The municipality is known for its large ski-resorts and for hosting many ski-related games. Aspen is home to 7,004 people as of 2020.  The city was founded in 1879.

Aspen is in a remote area of the Rocky Mountains. The Roaring Fork River flows through the town. In the early years of the town, Aspen was a major center of silver mining. After a major recession, the city fell into decline, and most of the people that lived there left. However, after World War II the area was developed as a ski resort, and became a major skiing destination. Popular with celebrities, today it is one of the richest cities in the US and it remains a popular skiing destination. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
*City of Aspen website
**CDOT map of the City of Aspen 
**Aspen Ski & Snow Report 
*Aspen: The Forgotten Times  Documentary produced by Montana PBS
Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile

**Agatha of Kiev** ( 1030 — 25 July 1070) was the wife of Edward the Exile, an exiled English prince who was supposed to become the King of England but then died before he could ever become. She was the daughter of Yaroslav the Wise, the Grand Prince of Kiev, and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden, the daughter of the Swedish king, Olof Skötkonung. She was said to have been a loyal wife to her husband and a loving mother to her children.

## Marriage and Issue
Agatha and Edward had three children:
#Margaret ( 1047 — 1093), later known as Saint Margaret of Scotland, queen of Scotland. She married King Malcolm III of Scotland. She was the mother of three Scottish kings: Edgar, Alexander I, and David I.
#Cristina ( 1049 —  1100), became a nun at Romsay Abbey.
#Edgar (26 March 1051 — 21 July 1125), later known as Edgar Atheling, became the disputed King of England for two months in 1066 until where he was forced submitted to William the Conqueror. Eventually became a great knight and would join rebellions against William.
Argo (2012 movie)

***Argo*** is an 2012 action-thriller movie directed by Ben Affleck and produced by George Clooney. It stars Ben Affleck as  Tony Mendez, Alan Arkin as Lester Siegel, and John Goodman as John Chambers. This movie is based on real events of the 1979-1981 Iranian hostage crisis. The movie was about an CIA agent (Tony Mendez) sent to save six U.S. diplomats in Tehran, Iran. To save them, he had to pretend they were making “Argo”, a fake science fiction movie. Critics gave the movie good reviews. It won many awards for Best Movie including an Golden Globe Award for Best Picture - Drama and Best Picture at the Academy Awards.

## Other websites 
*
Arabian wolf

The **Arabian wolf** (*Canis lupus arabs*) is a subspecies of grey wolf. It was once found throughout the Arabian Peninsula, but now only lives in small areas in Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Iraq, and southern Israel, Jordan and the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.
Chris Griffin

**Chris Griffin** is a character in the television comedy *Family Guy*. He is the 15-year-old older son of Lois Griffin and Peter Griffin. He has a brother, Stewie, and a sister, Meg. They are an American family. Chris is like his father, both are unfit and not as smart as others. He has an "evil monkey" in his closet that everyone thinks is fake until everyone finds out it's real in the episode *Hannah Banana*. Chris was 13 years old when the series started.

## References
Meg Griffin

**Meg Griffin** is a character in the television comedy *Family Guy*. 

## Overview 
At age 18, she is the oldest child of Lois Griffin and Peter Griffin. She has two younger siblings, Chris and Stewie. 

Meg is one of the most hated members of her family and is bullied and humorlessly abused by her own family and friends because she is believed very ugly by everybody, except by a nerd at her school who has a crush on Meg, that she doesn't want.
Bactrian deer

The **bactrian deer** (*Cervus elaphus bactrianus*) is also called the Bukhara deer, Bokhara deer or Bactrian wapiti. 

It is a subspecies of red deer that is native to the lowlands of Central Asia. It is similar to the Yarkand deer in that it lives around the banks of rivers surrounded by desert.  Both subspecies are separated from one another by the Tian Shan Mountains.
Glenn Quagmire

**Glenn Quagmire** usually called by his family name **Quagmire**, is a character from the animated television comedy show *Family Guy*. 

## Overview 
He lives on the same street as Peter Griffin and Joe Swanson, making them his besties. He is also best friends with the two. He works as a pilot. 

He was born in 1948, but looks younger because he eats a lot of carrots. Quagmire is best known for having a lot of sex or making a lot of sex jokes with his catchphrase "Giggity" or his other catchphrase, "I'm Glenn Quagmire." Peter Griffin, his best friend, once called him a "heartless sex hound". Quagmire hates Brian Griffin, Peter's dog and in the episode "Jerome Is the New Black" Quagmire calls Brian a "sponge" and "the worst person he knows". 

He also made one appearance in *The Cleveland Show*.

## References
Sid Fleischman

**Albert Sidney "Sid" Fleischman** (March 16, 1920 &ndash; March 17, 2010) was a Newbery Medal-winning American author who was known for his award-winning book *The Whipping Boy* and for *Humbug Mountain*. He also won the Horn Book Award. The **Sid Fleischman Award** for funny fiction books for children or young adults was named after him. 

Fleischman was born on March 16, 1920 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Russian Jews. He was raised in San Diego, California and in Santa Monica, California. Fleischman studied at San Diego State University. 

Fleischman was married to Betty Taylor from 1952 until her death in 1993. They had three children. Their son Paul also became an Newbery Medal-winning writer. They were the only father and son to win a Newbery Medal. Fleischman died on March 17, 2010 in Santa Monica, California from cancer, just a day after his birthday, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
* Sid Fleischman's official website
* Sid Fleischman's obituary
* Sid Fleischman's Biography 
*
Chhera Island

**Chhera island** (Bengali: ), also called **Cheradia Island** or **Cheridia Island**, is an extension of St. Martin's Island in Bangladesh, but cut off from it by sea during high tides.  During low tide period, the Chhera island can be reached by walking for about two and a half hours from St. Martin's Island. The most popular way of getting there is by motorboat.

Corals can be found all over the island. It has one small green area where bushes grow. No permanent settlement exists except for tourists.

## References
Alexander Ypsilantis

**Alexander Ypsilantis** (1792–1828) was a main participant in the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire in 1821. He was also a senior officer of the Imperial Russian cavalry during the Napoleonic Wars.

## References
### Sources
* 
* 
*  князь Александр Константинович Ипсиланти
Teknaf

**Teknaf** () is a thana of Cox's Bazar Thana in the Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. It forms the southernmost point in mainland Bangladesh (St. Martin's Island is the southernmost point). The name of the region comes from the Naf River which forms the Eastern boundary of the thana.

## NGO working
MSF (Doctors without Borders),SHED (Society for Health Extension & Development), Brac, Pulse Bangladesh, Nacom, Muslim Aid, Uddipon, Rtm, Tai, Msf, Save the children, IOM, Mukti cox's Bazar, ACF, DRC, Ipsa, Codec, aid comilla etc. Caritas Bangladesh, NRC.

## Higher Educational College
1. Teknaf Govt. College

2. Teknaf Govt. Technical College

3. Saintmartin Bangladesh Navy Islamic College

4. Moinuddin Memorial College
Baba and Bhit Islands

**Baba Bhit Island**  () is the smallest neighbourhood of Kiamari Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It includes three small fishing islands which in the centre of the harbour of Karachi.

## References
List of national animals

A **national animal** is an animal that is the symbol or emblem of a country.

Lebanon  **Striped Hyena** (*Hyaena hyaena*)

## National animals
## References 
*
Kantaji Temple

**Kantojiu Temple** () at Kantanagar is a late-medieval Hindu temple in Dinajpur District, Bangladesh. It was built by Maharaja Pran Nath; its construction started in 1702 and ended in 1752, during the reign of his son Maharaja Ramnath. It has one of the best examples of terracotta architecture in Bangladesh. It once had nine spires, but they were all destroyed in an earthquake in 1897.

## References
Temple of King Kangsa Narayan

The **Temple of King Kangsa Narayan** () is a Hindu temple in northern Bangladesh. It is in Rajshahi's Tahirpur, where legend says that the Durga Puja of the Hindu community was performed for the first time in the Indian subcontinent.

## References
Puthia Temple Complex

The **Puthia Temple Complex** is a group of important old Hindu temples in Puthia Upazila, Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh. It is located 23&nbsp;km to the east of Rajshahi city. It has the largest number of historic temples in Bangladesh.

## References
Bishyanath Temple

**Bishyanath Temple** is a Hindu temple, dedicated to the Hindu God Shiva, in the Mymensingh District of Bangladesh. It is one of the most important temples in the district. The temple is unique because of its pagoda-like architecture.

## References
Boro Kali Bari Temple

**Boro Kali Bari** is one of the oldest Hindu temples in the city of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The temple is dedicated to the goddess Kali.

## References
Kaliya jue Temple

**Kaliya jue Temple** () is a Hindu temple in the town of Dinajpur Sadar, Bangladesh. It is dedicated to the Hindu God Krishna. The temple is situated to the west side of the Dinajpur Rajbari.

## References
Chatteshwari Temple

**Chatteshwari Temple** is a Hindu temple in the centre of Chittagong city in Bangladesh. The temple is dedicated to the Goddess Kali. It was built in the 18th century. In Hindu belief, the goddess of the temple is considered the guardian deity of the town Chittagong.

## References
Lalmai Chandi Temple

**Lalmai Chandi Temple**, also called **Chandimura Mandir** is an ancient Hindu temple in Bangladesh. It is on the summit of the Lalmai hill in Barura Upazila of Comilla District. The temple is dedicated to the Goddess Kali. There is a temple dedicated to the God Shiva nearby.

## References
Aristolochia

***Aristolochia*** is a large plant genus with over 500 species of shrubs and herbs, many having medicinal properties. Collectively known as birthworts, pipevines or Dutchman's pipes, they are the namesake of the family (Aristolochiaceae). They are widespread and occur in the most diverse climates. Some species, like *A. utriformis* and *A. westlandii*, are threatened with extinction.

*Isotrema* is usually included here, but might be a valid genus. If so, it contains those species with a three-lobed calyx.

## References 
*  (2006): Known and Probable Carcinogens (Including Industrial Processes, Occupational Exposures, Infectious Agents, Chemicals, and Radiation). Version of 02/03/2006. Retrieved 2007-NOV-12.
* 
* 
* 
* 

## References
## Other reading
* 

## Other websites
* Pictures of *Aristolochia chilensis* and *Aristolochia bridgesii*
Shanksville, Pennsylvania

**Shanksville, Pennsylvania** is a small borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. About 200 people live there. The town is  from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The area became well-known worldwide when United Airlines Flight 93 crashed into a field during the September 11 attacks. The town was founded in 1798.

## References
## Other websites
* Flight 93 National Memorial (U.S. National Park Service)
Les Misérables (2012 movie)

***Les Misérables*** is a 2012 British musical-drama movie. It stars Anne Hathaway as Fantine, Russell Crowe as Javert, and Hugh Jackman as Jean Valjean. The movie is based on the musical of the same name, which, in turn, is based on the 1862 Victor Hugo novel, *Les Misérables*.

Critics gave the movie good reviews. Hathaway's performance won her a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Golden Globe Award, an Academy Award, and many other awards. Jackman won a Golden Globe Award for his performance.

## Other websites 
*
1993 World Trade Center bombing

The **1993 World Trade Center bombing** happened on February 26, 1993 in the bottom section of the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City, United States. Six people were killed, including a woman who was 7 months pregnant. About 1,042 people were injured. The plan was to use truck bombs parked in the parking lot of the bottom of the North Tower causing it to collapse. The main leader of the al-Qaeda cell sent to destroy the buildings hoped the explosions would cause the North Tower to collapse and hit the South Tower.

The al-Qaeda cell's leader was Ramzi Yousef. The group wanted to destroy the building because many Jews worked in it. al-Qaeda's leader Osama bin Laden was disappointed to see the buildings were not destroyed, so he wanted another attack on the same building. The result would be the September 11 attacks in 2001 where 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked two planes and flew them into both of the Twin Towers killing almost 3,000 people and causing both the North Tower and South Tower to eventually collapse.

## References
## Other websites
*Rewards for Justice World Trade Center Bombing page 
*"1993: World Trade Center bomb terrorises New York", *BBC: On This Day*
*FBI – 1993 World Trade Center Bombing – Press Room  FBI February 26, 2008
*Images from the 1993 World Trade Center Bombing
*WCBS 880 radio aircheck, February 26, 1993  at sorabji.com
New Covenant

**New Covenant** in Christianity, refers to the New Testament, as opposed to the Old Testament. Perhaps the fullest explanation is in the Epistle to the Hebrews, which explains how Jesus' death on the cross replaces the need for animal sacrifice as laid out in Leviticus.

## Other websites
*101 Bible verses on the New Covenant
*Catholic Answers
Agnes

The name **Agnes**[ag-nis] is a female given name based on the Greek name *hagne*.Agnes is a Latin name meaning "pure" or "holy". The name was made popular by Saint Agnes of Rome, who was a well known saint. 

Agnes was the third most popular girl's name for almost 400 years in English-speaking areas. The name was used a lot until near the 1970s in the United States. It was especially popular between 1900 and 1920, during which time the name spent a few years on the top 50 list for feminine names.In 2021 this name is not so popular and is a more personalized name.

The name was used on a costly hurricane that caused over $3 billion in damage and many deaths in 1972. The name *Agnes* was later retired.

## People named Agnes
### Saints
* Saint Agnes of Rome (291&ndash;304), Catholic martyr
* Agnes of Assisi (1197/98&ndash;1253), one of the first abbesses of the Order of Poor Ladies
* Agnes of Bohemia (1211&ndash;1282), Bohemian princess
* Agnes of Montepulciano (1263&ndash;1317), Dominican prioress

### Other people
* Agnes Ayres, American silent film star
* Agnes Baden-Powell, establisher of the Girl Guides movement
* Agnes Macdonald (1836-1920), second wife of Sir John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada
* Agnes Macphail, first female senator in Canada
* Agnès Maltais (born 1956), Quebec politician
* Agnes Moorehead, American actress
* Agnes Le Thi Thanh, one of the Vietnamese Martyrs
* Agnes Carlsson,Swedish singer

## Places named Agnes
* Agnes, Victoria, a town in Australia
* Agnes Township, Grand Forks County, North Dakota, United States
* Agness, Oregon, United States

## Music
* Agnes, a Christian rock band

## Other
* Hurricane Agnes

## Related pages
* Agnieszka

## References
New Super Mario Bros. U

***New Super Mario Bros. U*** is a 2012 platform video game for the Wii U game console. It is a sequel to the 2009 game *New Super Mario Bros. Wii* on the Wii, which is a follow-up to the 2006 Nintendo DS game *New Super Mario Bros.*, and the fourth game in the *New Super Mario Bros.* series. It was developed by Nintendo EAD Group No. 4 and published by Nintendo. It was released on November 18, 2012 in North America, on November 30, 2012 in Europe, and on December 8, 2012 in Japan. It is a follow-up to the Nintendo 3DS game *New Super Mario Bros. 2* (released three months before), which is a sequel to the 2006 game and a follow-up to the 2009 game.

Up to five players can play at a time. The game can be played with either the Wii Remote or the Wii U GamePad. The Wii U GamePad allows for handheld Play, where the game can be played on the controller without the use of a television screen.

For the *Year of Luigi*, which celebrates the 30th anniversary of Luigi's first appearance in the *Mario* series, Nintendo released downloadable content called ***New Super Luigi U*** which was also released on the Wii U. Players play as Luigi in harder versions of the game's levels. It was released in mid-2013. It was also released as a game and not a download. A port of NSMBU, titled *New Super Mario Bros. U Deluxe,* was released for the Nintendo Switch on January 11, 2019.

## Plot
Mario, Luigi, and two Toads are at Princess Peach's castle with Peach when Bowser attacks the castle. The attack sends them flying far away from the castle. They must go through eight worlds to rescue Peach and her castle.

## *New Super Luigi U*
***New Super Luigi U*** (stylised as ***New Super Luigi Bros. U***) is a 2.5D side-scrolling platform video game. It was released as a downloadable DLC to this game and later a stand-alone game.

## References 
## Other websites
*
**New Super Mario Bros. U* at MarioWiki
**New Super Luigi U* at MarioWiki
**New Super Mario Bros. Mii* at MarioWiki
Jake Wood

**Jacob Dylan "Jake" Wood** (born July 12, 1972) is an English actor, voice artist, and comedian. He is best known for playing Max Branning in *EastEnders* and in the United States as the current voice of the GEICO gecko.

## Other websites
*
Aurangabad division

**Aurangabad Division** is one of the six administrative divisions of Maharashtra state in India. Before 1956 the division was part of the State of Hyderabad.

## Districts
* Aurangabad
* Beed
* Jalna
* Latur
* Hingoli
* Parbhani 
* Osmanabad 
* Nanded
Allahabad division

**Allahabad** () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Allahabad district
* Kaushambi district
* Fatehpur district
* Pratapgarh district
Azamgarh division

**Azamgarh** () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India. It has many small villages like Badharia, Saraimeer , etc

## Districts
* Azamgarh district
* Ballia district
Bareilly division

**Bareilly** () () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Bareilly district
* Badaun district
* Pilibhit district
* Shahjahanpur district
Basti division

**Basti** () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Basti district
* Siddharthnagar district
Mayor West

**Mayor Adam West** is a character for the television comedy *Family Guy*. He is voiced and based on the actor Adam West. He first appeared as the crazy mayor of Quahog, Rhode Island in *Fifteen Minutes of Shame*. He usually never takes things seriously and only cares about his office. He is married to Carol West, Lois Griffin's sister.

The fate of the character is currently unknown following Adam West's death in June 2017.

## References
Chitrakoot division

**Chitrakoot** () is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Banda district
* Chitrakoot district
* Hamirpur district
* Mahoba district
Devipatan division

**Devipatan** () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Gonda district
* Bahraich district
* Shravasti district
* Balrampur district
Faizabad division

**Ayodhya** is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
*Ayodhya district
* Ambedkarnagar district
* Barabanki district
* Sultanpur district
* Amethi district
Gorakhpur division

**Gorakhpur** () is a division of  Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Deoria district
* Gorakhpur district
* Kushinagar district
* Maharajganj district
Jhansi division

**Jhansi** is a division of  Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Jalaun district
* Jhansi district
* Lalitpur district
Kanpur division

**Kanpur** () is a division of  Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
*Auraiya district
*Itawa district 
*Farrukhabad district 
*Kanpur Dehat
*Kanpur Nagar
*Kannauj district
Lucknow division

**Lucknow** () is a division of  Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Hardoi district
* Lakhimpur Kheri district
* Lucknow district
* Raibareilly district
* Sitapur district
* Unnao district
Meerut division

**Meerut** () is a division of  Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Meerut district
* Bulandshahar district
* Gautam Buddh Nagar district
* Ghaziabad district
* Baghpat district
Mirzapur division

**Mirzapur** () is a division of  Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Mirzapur district
* Sant Ravidas Nagar district
* Sonbhadra district

## Other websites 
*
Moradabad division

**Muradabad** is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Amroha district, previously known as Jyotiba Phule Nagar District
* Bijnour district
* Moradabad district
* Rampur district
* Sambhal district, previously known as Bhimnagar District
Saharanpur division

**Sahranapur** () is a division of  Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Saharanpur district
* Muzaffarnagar district
Varanasi division

**Varanasi** () is a division of  Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Districts
* Varanasi district
* Chandauli district
* Ghazipur district
* Jaunpur district
Buddo Island

**Buddo Island** () (also known as *Dingi*) is a small island in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Bischhausen

**Bischhausen** is a village in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. In December 2010, 371 people lived in the village (as of May 4, 2015). It is near the previous border with what was the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The castle ruins called the Gleichen are on two small mountains near the village. Almost all the working people who live in the village are farmers or work in the city of Göttingen, which is not far away. There is one church: the Lutheran church of St. Martin.

The mayor is Michael Dusch.

## References
Astola Island

**Astola Island**, also known as '''' () or 'Island of the Seven Hills', is an uninhabited island in the Arabian Sea. It is part of Pakistan, about 25&nbsp;km south of Pakistan's nearest coastline and 39&nbsp;km southeast of the fishing port of Pasni. Astola is Pakistan's largest offshore island and the only major island in the northern Arabian Sea. It is about  large. Administratively, the island is part of the Pasni subdistrict of Gwadar District in Balochistan province.
Jim Belushi

**James Adam** "**Jim**" **Belushi** (born June 15, 1954) is an American actor, comedian, singer and musician. He played James "Jim" Orenthal in the series *According to Jim*.

## Personal life
He is John Belushi's younger brother.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
*
Naturalism

**Naturalism** is a philosophical viewpoint. According to this viewpoint everything arises from natural properties and causes, and supernatural or spiritual explanations are excluded or discounted.

**Naturalism**  may also refer to:

* Naturalism (arts), a style in painting and the visual arts
* Naturalism (literature),  a literary style
* Naturalism (theatre), a movement in theatre and drama that began in the 19th century
* Naturalism (philosophy)
** Ethical naturalism, the theory that ethical statements can be derived from non-ethical statements
** Spiritual naturalism, spirituality that does not involve the supernatural
** Religious naturalism, religion that does not include supernatural beliefs
Kargil

**Kargil** (Ladakhi: ཀར་གིལ་; ) is a town in the Kargil District in Jammu and Kashmir in India. It is the second largest town in Ladakh after Leh. It is located 60&nbsp;km and 204&nbsp;km from Drass and Srinagar to the west.
Matt Baker

**Clarence Matthew Baker** (December 10, 1921 – August 11, 1959) was an American comic book artist. He is best known for drawing the costumed crime fighter Phantom Lady. Baker was active as early as the 1930s and 1940s Golden Age of comic books. He also penciled an early form of graphic novel, St. John Publications' digest-sized "picture novel" *It Rhymes with Lust* (1950). His specialty was good girl art, a comics and cartooning subgenre. Baker was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2009.

## References
Big Brother (British TV series)

***Big Brother*** (also called ***Big Brother UK**)* is a reality television series in the United Kingdom which began in 2000. It is a version of the *Big Brother* franchise. Contestants, known as "housemates" must do challenges while living in a house full of cameras. housemates are "evicted" from the house by public televoting. The last housemate in the house wins the competition and a cash prize.

From 2000 to 2010, it was shown on Channel 4 and was presented by Emma Willis.

From 2023 to the present day, it is shown on ITV2 and ITVX and is presented by AJ Odudu and Will Best.

## Format 
A group of contestants who don't know each other move into a house full of cameras. They are watched every day and are set challenges by a fictional character named "Big Brother". The contestants can speak to Big Brother privately in a room called the "diary room". They are not allowed to have contact with the outside world. Throughout the series, the public vote for who they want to evict and the last one remaining is the winner.

### Eye 
Every year, there is a different "Big Brother eye".

## Overview
### Specials
## References 
## Other websites
* *Big Brother* at ITVX
* *Big Brother*  at Channel5.com
* *Big Brother* at Channel4.com (inactive)
*
Paper Mario: Sticker Star

***Paper Mario: Sticker Star*** is a role-playing video game for the Nintendo 3DS. It is the third sequel to *Paper Mario* for the Nintendo 64. It is the fourth game in the *Paper Mario* series and the only game for a handheld video game console. It was released on November 11, 2012 in North America, on December 6, 2012 in Japan, and on December 7, 2012 in Europe, and on December 8, 2012 in Australia.

## Plot
Bowser attacks the Mushroom Kingdom during the yearly Sticker Fest holiday. His attack breaks the Sticker Comet into six pieces called the Royal Stickers. Mario has to find the six Royal Stickers to restore the Sticker Comet and bring peace to the Mushroom Kingdom.

## Gameplay
In *Paper Mario: Sticker Star*, Mario uses stickers to battle enemies. Stickers can be found in various areas throughout the Mushroom Kingdom. Mario has to pull them off to add them to his album of stickers.

## Reception 
The game received mixed to positive reviews by critics. User reviews on Metacritic were mixed.

## References
Amalasuntha

**Amalasuntha** (c. 495 – 30 April 534/535) was a queen of the Ostrogoths, a branch of Goths, from 526 to 534. She was a Gothic princess and daughter of the Italian king, Theodoric the Great.  Amalasuntha had been married to Eutharic, an unknown Gothic nobleman. She gave birth to a son named Athalaric in 518. Her husband later died, leaving Amalasuntha a widow to raise their young son.
 
After her son Athalaric died, she fought for the kingdom, which was very difficult, but it increased her support of the Romans. Amalasuntha was an extremely well educated woman. She studied Greek and Latin and she became a lifelong contributor of writings and arts. Theodoric (her father) supplied her with a Roman education because he had an interest in creating peaceful Roman-Gothic relations. Her husband Eutharic was assigned Theodoric's heir, which excluded Theodoric's nephew from inheritance and power.

Her husband Eutharic died in 522, and Theodoric followed in 526. As a result, Athalaric inherited the throne. Athalaric was still very young so Amalasuntha became the regent 
Her accomplishments over her years of being a regent, were applauded by many people like the historian Procopius who spoke of her bravery and knowledge. She pursued her goal of creating good connections between the Romans and the Goths, which had been torn down in the years of her father’s rule, mostly during the imprisonment of Theodoric  and the killing of Boethius, a Roman political figure. She gave Boethius back his captured estates and began to look for the Roman Senate and then sent a letter to the emperor of Constantinople, asking him to forgive her and gave a Roman education to her son. All of this to get on the emperors good side.
Amalasuntha attempted to improve relations with barbarian people to make peace with the Gothic nobility. Amalasuntha improved relations with the Burgundians, but the alliance ended.

## References
Brunhilda of Austrasia

**Brunhilda** (c. 534 – 613) was a Visigoth princess. Her father was King Athanagild of Spain. She married King Sigebert I of Austrasia. She ruled the eastern kingdoms of Austrasia and Burgundy in the names of her sons and grandsons. At first she was known as a fair and just ruler. She later became known for her cruelty and vengeful behavior.

Before her arrival to the Frankish kingdoms, Brunhilda was an Arian Christian, but later converted to Roman Catholicism. Brunhilda traveled to Austrasia to marry King Sigebert I. King Sigebert I's half brother, King Chilperic I married Brunhilda's sister, Galswintha. However, Galswintha was not happy, and wanted to go home and take back her dowry. King Chilperic refused, and murdered her. King Chilperic remmarried Fredegund, his first wife. Lots of tension was created between Fredegund and Brunhilda. In 575&nbsp;C.E., King Sigebert was murdered by King Chilperic, and Brunhilda was exiled to Paris. Later, Brunhilda married Fredegund and Chilperic's son, Merovech. Brunhilda gained power, but Merovech and Brunhilda were split up by King Chilperic, and Brunhilda was exiled once more. In 585&nbsp;C.E., King Chilperic died, believed to have been murdered by Fredegund. Fredegund started to favor Brunhilda. However, Brunhilda was caught by another of Fredegund and Chilperic’s sons, Chlotar II. She was blamed for the murder of ten kings, including her husband, children, grandchildren, Merovech, and Chilperic. She was found guilty (even though she was not) and put to death in a very gruesome way; she was tied to the back of a wild horse and dragged to her death.

## References
Sam J. Jones

**Samuel Jerald Jones** (born Andrew J. Cooper III, August 12, 1954), better known as **Sam J. Jones**, is an American actor. He is best known for playing Flash Gordon. He appeared as himself in the movie *Ted*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Zumbl

**Zumbl** was an online chat service. Users could chat with strangers without giving their name. The service does not work any more.

## References
Willem Coymans

***Willem Coymans*** is an oil painting on canvas by Frans Hals. It is dated 1645. It measures . It hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.. The Gallery writes, "Hals was the first portraitist who consistently depicted his subjects seated sideways, with their arms hooked casually over the backs of their chairs. Coymans, an elegant dandy proud of his expensive clothes, wears an embroidered jacket and sports a pom–pom on his hat, which is pushed forward rakishly. Hals' dazzling brushwork is especially evident in the gold embroidery and the crisply pleated shirt–sleeve."

## References
Bernard Horsfall

**Bernard Arthur Gordon Horsfall** (20 November 1930 – 28 January 2013) was an English actor. He is known for his roles in *Gandhi* and in *Braveheart*. He is also known for his guest-star roles in *Doctor Who*. 

Horsfall was born on 20 November 1930 in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, England. He studied at Rugby School and at Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art. He was married to Jane Jordan Rogers until his death in 2013. Horsfall died on 29 January 2013 in his home in Isle Of Skye, Scotland. He was 82 years old.

## References
## Other websites
*