open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Libyan Civil War (2011)

The **Libyan Civil War** is a civil war in Libya that began in the year 2011. It began in the middle of February 2011. Many Libyans were inspired by the uprisings in neighbouring countries, such as Tunisia and Egypt. They violently protested against the government. Colonel Muammar Gaddafi sent troops and tanks to break up the rebellion. Al-Qaeda started bombing, and rebels began forming their own government. The war led to the death of Gaddafi in October, and of thousands of other people.

## Beginning of Conflict Against Gaddafi 
The conflict began with series of demonstrations and riots. There were many small protests of about 300-500 people throughout January. Major protests did not begin until 14 February 2011. The demonstrations were protesting against the Government of Libya and its leader Muammar al-Gaddafi. The conflict grew as thousands of people joined the protests. Gaddafi vowed to hunt them down and "clean Libya house by house" until all rebels are gone. However, some of Gaddafi's soldiers began joining the rebels in protest. The protests are thought to have been inspired by the successful uprising in Tunisia and Egypt.

According to NBC News Chief Foreign Correspondent, Richard Engel, who entered Libya and had reached the city of Tobruk on 22 February 2011 was quoted as saying, "the protest movement is no longer a protest movement, it's a war. It's open revolt." and on 22 February, *The Economist* described the protests as an "uprising that is trying to reclaim Libya from the world's longest-ruling autocrat". On 21 February, the Libyan Air Force aircraft attacked civilian protesters in Tripoli which caused international condemnation. By this time, over 300 to 2,000 were dead and over 5,000 were injured.

## Armed conflict 
There were small battles until February 24, when Gaddafi sent tanks and troops into Misrata and attacked. Then, on March 6, launched a counter-offensive against Rebels.  This lasted until 12 March. He regained Ra's Lanuf and Brega. The Rebels gained power when NATO and other countries began bombarding Gaddafi's forces with attack aircraft.

The Rebels' launched a counter-offensive on March 27 that lasted until April 1. The Rebels regained a few cities.

The Battle of Misrata was the fiercest battle in the civil war. The Hamza Brigade fought for Gaddafi against the Rebels from 24 February to 12 March. The Khamis Brigade, run by Gaddafi's son Khamis, rolled in and nearly destroyed the entire city. The rebels won the battle and took control of the city.

### End 
The rebels also won in Benghazi and other places. They took Tripoli in August. In October the fighting diminished, and the rebels declared victory. His enemies killed Gaddafi on 20 October 2011.

## References
Hans Krankl

**Johann "Hans" Krankl** (born 14 February 1953) is an Austrian football player who played for SK Rapid Wien and the Austrian national team. He is regarded as one of the best Austrian footballers in history.

## Career
He started his professional career with SK Rapid Wien at the age of 17. But he played not very often so he went to Wiener AC where he shot 27 goals in 26 matches. So he was transferred back to SK Rapid. In the next years he shot in 201 matches for the club 160 goals. In the 1977/78 season he shot 41 goals and got the European Golden Shoe as Europs best scorer. This is still the record in the Austrian League.

In 1978 he was transferred to FC Barcelona where he shot in his first season 29 goals and won the Pichichi, the trophy for the best Spain scorer. With FC Barcelona he won also the UEFA Cup Winners Cup in 1979.

1981 he went back to Rapid where he shot another 107 goals for the club. The last years of his career he played with Wiener Sportklub, Kremser SC and SV Austria Salzburg.In his career he played 478 matches and scored 355 goals.

## International
Krankl played 69 matches for the national team and scored 34 goals. He was member of the team for the 1978 and 1982 FIFA World Cup. In 1978 he became a legend in Austria for scoring two goals against Germany - the first victory after 47 years. The radio commentary ("Tor Tor Tor Tor Tor Tor, I werd' narrisch" – "Goal goal goal goal goal goal, I'm going crazy") is known by almost all Austrian football supporters.
## Career statistics 
### International 
:''Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Krankl goal.''

## Manager career
Although he coached different teams he was not as successful as a player. With his teams he never reached a European competition. As manager of the national team failed to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

## Honours
;Rapid Wien
*Austrian Bundesliga:1982, 1983
*Austrian Cup:1976, 1983, 1984, 1985

;Barcelona
*UEFA Cup Winners' Cup:1979
*Copa del Rey:1981

;Individual honours
*Runner up European footballer of the year 1978
*Austrian Footballer of the year 1973, 1974, 1977, 1982, 1988
*Part of the 20th century Austrian team
*Part of Rapids team of the century
*Pichichi Trophy: 1979
*European Golden Shoe: 1978
*Austrian coach of the Year: 1999

## Musical career
After his football career he began to sing and had some hits in Austria.

### Discography
;Singles
*"Ohne Ball'n und ohne Netz" (1974)
*"Vor, vor noch ein Tor …" (1974)

;Under the name Johann K.
*"Rostige Flügel" (1984, mit Kottans Kapelle)
*"Lonely Boy" (1985)
*"Ka Platz im Herz" (1986)
*"Aspirin" (1986)
*"Der Bätmän bin i" (1989)
*"Rudi" (2002)
*"Jingle Bells" (2003)

;Albums
;Under the name Johann K.
**Des war schon alles?* (1985)
**A scheena Bua* (2003)
**Best of – Wo san nur die Zeiten hin* (2008)
Georg Teigl

**Georg Teigl** (born 9 February 1991 in Vienna, Austria) is a footballer from Austria. He plays for RB Leipzig and the Austrian Under 21 national team. He is a defender.

## Career
He began playing football with SV Gablenz and then went to SKN St.Pölten. In 2009 he was chosen by Red Bull Salzburg where he played in the second squad. He made his debut on 14 July 2009 against FC Wacker Innsbruck. Although the team was relegated by the ÖFB to the Regionalliga West (3rd stage) he stayed with Red Bull Salzburg.

His first match in the first team was on 16 April 2011 in Graz against SK Sturm, where he came on in minute 46 for Jakob Jantscher. In this match he gave the assist for Alan's goal (3:0). Also in his second match against SV Kapfenberg he made an assist for Roman Wallners (4:2). On 21 July 2011 he made his European Cup debut against the Latvian team Liepājas Metalurgs. In January 2014 he went to RB Leipzig. For the 2016/17 season  Teigl went to Bundesliga side FC Augsburg. After Teigl was not considered in the first half of the 2017/18 season, he moved to Eintracht Braunschweig in the 2nd Bundesliga on loan.  Due to Braunschweig's relegation to the 3rd division, the loan ended after the 2017/18 season and Teigl returned to Augsburg. In the following two seasons he made nine more Bundesliga appearances for Augsburg. 

In September 2020 he returned to Austria and joined FK Austria Wien. In three years he made 61 Bundesliga appearances for the club. After the 2022/23 season he left the club and joined the Second league club FC Admira Wacker Mödling for the 2023/24 season.

## International
He played 14 matches for the Austrian Under 19 and Under 21 teams.

## Honours
*Champion of Austria's Regionalliga West 2010/11
*Member of the Austrian team for the FIFA U20 World Cup 2011

## References
Free running

**Free running** is a sport that involves doing jumps, with difficult movements, in the air across a course with obstacles. As seen in parkour.

These jumps name ("Flips") or (Mortal Jumps).
* Basic Jumps

* Front Flip: The person jumps with the two legs and does a complete forward rotation.
* Back Flip: The person jumps of back also with the two legs and gives a return on if sames backward.
* Side Flip: The person jumps sidewards with one or two legs and gives a return on of sames sidewards.
* Wall Flip: The person puts a foot in the wall and jump with one leg, giving a turned backward.

* Harder jumps and rolls

* Eagle roll: The person dives forward and rolls, giving them a fast way to dive over things.
* Hand plant: The person jumps forward and plants their hands on an object and pushes their legs forward.
* Wall run: The person runs and jumps with one foot on the wall and takes another step, giving them the advantage of climbing.

## References
Gateway (telecommunications)

In computer networking and telecommunications, a **gateway** is a component that is part of two networks, which use different protocols.  The gateway will translate one protocol into the other. A router is a special case of a gateway.

Gateways, also called protocol converters, can operate at any network layer. The activities of a gateway are more complex than that of the router or switch as it communicates using more than one protocol.

Both the computers of internet users  that serve pages to users are *host nodes*. The nodes that connect the networks in between are *gateways*. These are gateway nodes:
*the computers that control traffic between company networks 
*the computers used by internet service providers (ISPs) to connect users to the internet
gateway must be implied on larger networks to interconnect them.
Curfew

paratroopers enforce curfew in Tel Aviv after King David Hotel bombing, July 1946. Photographer: Haim Fine, Russian Emmanuel collection, from collections of the National Library of Israel.]]
A **curfew** is an order which restricts people in their movements.  It is very often an order which forbids people to be out on the streets after dark.

Curfews may be made by governments in times of war or civil unrest.  This is supposed to stop violence.

Curfews may also be issued to young people.  They are told that they have to be indoors after a certain time.

The word "curfew" comes from the French phrase "*couvre-feu*" which means "cover the fire". It was used to describe the time when all lamps and candles had to be blown out.

## Related pages
*Freedom of assembly
*Stay-at-home order

## References
## Other websites 
*BBC Report on legal challenge to curfew laws
New World monkey

**New World monkeys** are the families of primates which are found in Central and South America. The families are ranked together as the **Ceboidea** superfamily, the only living **platyrrhine** superfamily. They differ from the Old World monkeys and apes, which are Catarrhini.

* **Platyrrhini**: the New World monkeys.Superfamily **Ceboidea**
** Family Cebidae: capuchins and squirrel monkeys. Subfamily Callitrichinae: marmosets and tamarins. Subfamily Aotinae: night or owl monkeys
** Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
** Family Atelidae: howler, spider, muriqui (woolly spider) and woolly monkeys

## Origin
About 40 million years ago, the simians separated into the Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and Catarrhini (apes and Old World monkeys). The key question is how did the early monkeys get to the Americas? There is no evidence for either of the two possible routes. Route one, the more probable, is across the then less wide Atlantic. Route two is also possible, crossing Asia, the Bering Strait, and south through North America.

There are some big differences between the two groups of monkeys. New World monkeys have flatter noses with nostrils facing to the side. Most do not have full colour vision, they have a different dental formula, many form monogamous pair bonds, with paternal care for the young, mostly, twin births are common, and their thumbs are not opposable. The Atelidae family have long tails that can grip to things.

## Related pages
* List of New World monkey species

## References
Simian

The **simians** (infraorder **Simiiformes**) are the "higher primates". Familiar to most people are the Old World monkeys and apes, including humans and the New World monkeys. Simians tend to be larger than the "lower primates" or prosimians. 

The simians are sister to the tarsiers: together they make up the haplorhines. The radiation occurred about 60 million years ago during the Cenozoic era. 

40 million years ago, simians from Afro-Arabia colonized South America (by what route is not known). This gave rise to the New World monkeys. The remaining simians (catarrhines) split 25 million years ago into Old World monkeys and apes.
Nishapur

**Nishapur** is a historial city in northeast Iran and the cultural capital of the Khorasan region. In 2005, about 270,940 people lived there.

## References
Conjure One

**Conjure One** is an electronic music project from Vancouver, British Columbia.

The project's most well known song is "Sleep". The only member of the project is Rhys Fulber. It started in early 1997 when Fulber decided that he was going to pursue a solo career. He has released three albums under Conjure One. Singer Sandra covered "Sleep" on her single *The Way I Am*.

## Other websites
*Official website
Freddy vs. Jason

**Freddy vs. Jason** is an 2003 American horror movie. Many of the fans from both of the horror movie characters thought the movie was a great battle movie between the two killers. It was a cross-over between *Jason Goes to Hell*.

## Story
The movie is about Freddy Krueger (Robert Englund) and Jason Voorhees (Ken Kirzinger). They are seen terrorizing Elm Street and killing the teenagers who live or dare to cross paths between Jason or Freddy. It wasn't until Freddy begins to try to kill all of the teens, that Jason keeps catching up to him which makes both of them angry. Then Lori Campbell (Monica Keena) is starting to wonder how her mother died in which she once thought died from a car crash. Pieces begin to add up. Later, Will Rollins (Jason Ritter) and Mark Davis (Brendan Fletcher) escape from a mentally-ill hospital and try to warn Lori and her friends about her father locking Will up for believing Lori’s father killed her mother. His friend is caught in the mix because he saw his brother commit suicide. Or so doctors say. But, in reality he knows about the dangers of Freddy. Whom actually murdered his brother.

After the group has been warned of Freddy they realize the only way to beat him is to stay awake. They form a plan to take the pills from the same hospital Will and Mark were commuted to Then Bill Freeburg (Kyle Labine dumps all the pills in the sink when he was possessed by Freddy. Leaving them defenseless. Jason comes crashing into the hospital, but was put to sleep by Bill while still being possessed by Freddy. In an attempt to kill Bill; Jason then slices him in half. When Jason was asleep, he was dreaming about seeing his mother and then Freddy came along and stabbed him in the head. Then Lori went to the same dream as Jason was, but then he woke-up and then the van they were driving crashed into Camp Crystal Lake. Later Lori, Will, Kia Waterson (Kelly Rowland), and Charlie Linderman (Chris Marquette) went into a cabin, but Lori was in a nightmare with Freddy. Later Jason came into the cabin which he set on fire. Then Lori pulled Freddy into the real world from were Freddy and Jason began to fight.

Later, they were pushed into the dock from the lake and then Jason began to slice Freddy until he cut Jason's fingers and Freddy got the machete and began to stab Jason and then stabbed his eyes with his razor gloves. After Jason killed both Kia and Charlie, Lori and Will lit the propane tank on fire and caused the camp to explode. That was when Jason tore Freddy's arm off and were blown into the lake. Then Will and Lori were about to leave until Freddy came back with Jason's machete and was about to kill them until Jason stabbed Freddy with his own razor glove. Then Lori wanted to get revenge on Freddy when she discovered he had killed her mother, she decapitated Freddy's head-off. At the end Jason fell into the lake until he rose the next day with Freddy's head and later Freddy winked.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*The Nightmare On Elm Street Companion
Ernie Els

**Ernie Els** (born 17 October 1969) is a South African professional golfer. He was born in Johannesburg. He has played in the PGA.

## Other websites 
*
*
*
*
*
*
Randy Johnson

**Randall David "Randy" Johnson** (born September 10, 1963) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB). He pitched for the Montreal Expos, Seattle Mariners, Houston Astros, Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Yankees, and San Francisco Giants. He was chosen to 10 All Star teams, and won five Cy Young Awards. He became a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2015.

## References
Abadan, Iran

**Abadan** is a  city in southwestern Iran. In the year 2006 there were 217,988 people living there.

## References
Stefan Hierländer

**Stefan Lukas Hierländer** (born 3 February 1991) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Bundesliga club Sturm Graz and the Austria national team.

He started in Carinthia with his local club SV Greifenburg. In 2008 he went to Sampdoria Genua but came back after a few weeks. His first professional team was the second squad of SK Austria Kärnten. As SK Kärnten got no license for the 2010–11 season he signed a contract with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. Being an offensive midfielder he played under the new coaches Ricardo Moniz and Niko Kovac as a right defender.

On July 20th, 2013 he played his hundredth match in the Austrian Bundesliga. 62 of which he played for FC Red Bull Salzburg. In 2013 he played 17 matches and then got an knee injury.
## International statistics 
## Honours
***Austrian Champion**: 2012
***Austrian Cup**:2012

## References
Nikola Pokrivač

**Nikola Pokrivač** (born 26 November 1985 in Čakovec, Croatia died 18 April 2025) is a Croatian footballer who plays as defensive midfielder for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

## Career
Pokrivač started to play football with Bratstvo Jurovec, near his hometown. His youthteams were also  Čakovec and Varteks Varaždin .In Varaždin he started his professional career which brought him over Dinamo Zagreb, AS Monaco to Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.In this team he plays not regularly, in the 2010/11 season he played eight matches.

## International career
Pokrivač has played for the Croatian under-21 national team and has also played at  under-17 and under-19 levels. He played 39 matches and scored three goals for all Croatian youth national teams between 2001 and 2006.

On 5 May 2008he became member of the team for the UEFA Euro 2008 finals in Austria and Switzerland, where he only played in the last group match against Poland. His debut was on 24 May 2008 in a friendly match against Moldova in Rijeka, coming forbstitute for Niko Kovač in the 59th minute. Another five matches he played in the qualifying round for the FIFA World Cup 2010.

## Honours
*  Austrian Champion 2010 with Red Bull Salzburg
* Croatian Champion 2007 with Dinamo Zagreb
*Croatian Cup  2007 with Dinamo Zagreb

## References
## Other websites
*Players profile FC Red Bull Salzburg homepage (German)
*Players profile Austrian Soccer Board (German)
Ricardo Moniz

**Ricardo Moniz** (born 17 June 1964) is a former Dutch footballer and now coach of Swiss Super League club Zürich.

## Player career
He played for RKC Waalwijk, HFC Haarlem, Helmond Sport and FC Eindhoven.

## Coaching career
From 2005 to 2008 Moniz was skill trainer for Tottenham Hotspurs in Englands Premier League. 2008 he was skill trainer for HSV(Hamburger Sport-Verein). 2010 he became coach of HSV because the former trainer was dismissed. He played in the semi-final of the 2010 UEFA Europa League but lost against Fulham.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile on FC Red Bull Homepage
Hatebreed

**Hatebreed** is a hardcore punk band from Wallingford, Connecticut. Hatebreed was formed in 1994. They have toured with bands such as Slayer, Deftones, Slipknot, and Mastodon. They also played the main stage at Ozzfest 2006 alongside bands such as DragonForce, Lacuna Coil, Avenged Sevenfold, Disturbed, and co-headliners System of a Down.

## Members 
### Current 
* Jamey Jasta (vocals)
* Chris Beattie (bass guitar)
* Wayne Lozinak (guitar)
* Matt Byrne (drums)
* Frank Novinec (guitar)

## Discography
### Albums 
* Satisfaction Is the Death of Desire (1997)
* Perseverance (2002)
* The Rise of Brutality (2003)
* Supremacy (2006)
* For the Lions (2009)
* Hatebreed (2009)
* The Divinity of Purpose (2013)

## Other websites 
*Hatebreed's Official website
Thor (band)

**Thor** is a heavy metal band from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

## Line-up
*Jon Mikl Thor - vocals
*John Leibel - guitar
*Ted Jedlicki - bass
*Tom Croxton - drums
*Matt McNallie - guitar
*Matt Hamilton - guitar

## Discography
### Albums
** *Thor-Body Rock* (1973)
** *Keep the Dogs Away* (1977, 30th anniversary re-release 2009)
** *Electric Eyes* (1979, release 2017)
** *Only the Strong* (1985)
** *Live in Detroit* (1985, re-release 2009)
** *Recruits – Wild in the Streets* (1986)
** *The Edge of Hell* (1986) (credited as Tritonz)
** *Thunderstruck: Tales from the Equinox* (1998)
** *Dogz II* (2000)
** *Triumphant* (2002)
** *Mutant* (2003)
** *Beastwomen from the Center of the Earth* (2004)
** *Thor Against the World* (2005)
** *Devastation of Musculation* (2006)
** *Into the Noise* (2008)
** *Steam Clock* (2009)
** *Sign of the V* (2009)
** *The Guardian* (2010)
** *Soundtrack from the movie THOR - The Rock Opera* (2011)
** ''Thor's Teeth* (2012, Special edition vinyl)
** *Thor – Thunderstryke* (2012)
** *Thor – Thunderstryke II* (2013)
** *Metal Avenger* (2015, compilation)
** *Aristocrat of Victory* (2013)
** *Bugs Bunny Dressed as a Girl* (2013)
** *Only the Strong* Deluxe Edition (2014)
** *Metal Avenger* (2015)
** *Beyond the Pain Barrier* (2017)
** *Christmas in Valhalla* (2018)
** *Hammer of Justice* (2019)

### EPs
**Muscle Rock* (1977) (Credited as Thor & the Imps)
**Gladiator* (1979)	
**Striking Viking* (1980)
**Unchained* (1983)
**Odin Speaks'' (2001) (Split with Thor & the Ass Boys)

## Other websites 
*Thor site
*MySpace page
*MySpace page
Derek Boogaard

**Derek Boogaard** (June 23, 1982 – May 13, 2011) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He played for 6 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Minnesota Wild and New York Rangers. He was known for being an enforcer and for his physical play, this gained him the nicknames, "**Boogeyman**" and "**The Mountie**".

He was found dead in his Minneapolis apartment on May 13, 2011. He was only 28 years old. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Belak had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## References
## Other websites 
*
Aquarius (sports drink)

**Aquarius** is a mineral sports drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. It was introduced in Japan in 1983. It was the official drink of the 1992 Summer Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics, and 2016 Summer Olympics. It was planned to be the official drink of the 2020 Summer Olympics.
## References
Estopa

**Estopa** are a popular duo from Cornellà, Spain. The band consists of the brothers José and David Muñoz, who sing different sounds reflecting many genres, including rock, rumba and flamenco. Their first album, *Estopa*, has sold over 1,000,000 copies to date. Their latest album, *Voces de Ultrarumba*, sold more than 200,000 copies on its first day of release. Their music has made them one of the most successful rock groups in Spanish history.

## Members
José Muñoz, the younger brother, was born in 1978. He plays guitar for Estopa. David Muñoz, the older brother, was born in 1976. He is the singer and also plays some guitar. They are brothers born in Extremadura. The brothers grew up listening to such bands as Los Chichos, Los Chunguitos, and Bordón on their trips with their parents from Cornellà to Zarza Capilla, where their parents were from.

As they grew up, José and David attended college for some time before deciding that it was not right for them. After quitting their studies, they worked for a factory manufacturing car parts for the company SEAT. It was in that factory where they began composing their earliest songs and they began to play in local bars.

After playing a song for the bosses at BMG Music España, Estopa was given a record deal.
Bulmer

**Bulmer** is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 568 people living in Bulmer.

## References
Bawtry

**Bawtry** is a town in South Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 3,204 people living in Bawtry.

## References
Sheringham

**Sheringham** is a town and civil parish in North Norfolk, England. In 2001, 7,143 people lived in Sheringham.

## References
Fakenham

**Fakenham** is a town and civil parish in North Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 7,357 people living in Fakenham, rising to 7,617 in 2011.  Fakenham is a Saxon name, meaning "Homestead of Facca", or "a place on a fair river".

It is on the River Wensum about 25 miles North West of Norwich. Fakenham has been a market town since 1250.  The church in Fakenham was founded in 1593, and rebuilt in 1825.  

## Attractions
Attractions include horse racing, youth clubs, societies, Fakenham Mega-Fun and bowling.

## References
Henley-on-Thames

**Henley-on-Thames** is a town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 10,646 people living in Henley-on-Thames.

## References
Wilby, Northamptonshire

**Wilby** is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Wellingborough , Northamptonshire, England. In 2011 there were 624 people living in Wilby.

## References
Dorking

**Dorking** is a town on the A24 road in Surrey, England. It is the setting of the 1871 novel, *The Battle of Dorking*.

## References
Jeffrey Skilling

**Jeffrey Keith "Jeff" Skilling** (born November 25, 1953 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American former businessman and former president of Enron Corporation. He is best known for being involved in the Enron scandal. Skilling was ultimately convicted of multiple federal felony charges that related to Enron's financial collapse, and he is currently serving a 24-year, four-month prison sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution in Englewood, Colorado. The Supreme Court of the United States heard arguments in the appeal of the case on March 1, 2010. On June 24, 2010, the Supreme Court vacated part of Skilling's conviction and sent the case back to the lower court for further proceedings.

In 2013, the United States Department of Justice said that they had reached a deal with Skilling that resulted in 10 years being cut from his sentence. He can be released sometime in 2019.

## References
## Other websites
*Jeffrey Skilling at Forbes.com
Charles J. Guiteau

**Charles Julius Guiteau** ( ; September 8, 1841June 30, 1882) was an American writer and lawyer. He is best known as the person who assassinated US President James A. Garfield  on July 2, 1881. Guiteau shot Garfield after being angry with him about not receiving credit or a reward for Garfield's victory in 1880. Guiteau wrote a speech about Garfield but never made the speech.

Guiteau was born in Freeport, Illinois. He was a preacher, writer and lawyer. He was found guilty in a court of law. He was executed by hanging in Washington, D.C.

## References
Kohima

]]
**Kohima** (Angami Naga: *Kewhira*) is the capital city of the Indian state of Nagaland. It has a population of about 100,000. The Battle of Kohima was fought in Kohima and it is often referred to as one of the bloodiest battles of World War II.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Alton

**Alton** is a village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. In 2001 there were 1,243 people living in Alton. There is Alton Towers nearby.

## References
Godalming

**Godalming** is a town and civil parish in Surrey, England. In 2011, there were 21,804 people living in Godalming.

## Transport 
### Rail 
Godalming has a railway station, Godalming railway station. The station is on the Portsmouth Direct Line, which goes between Portsmouth and London Waterloo. This line is served by South Western Railway.

### Road 
Roads that go through or near Godalming are:

* A3
* A281
* A283
* A286
* A3100
* B2130
* B3000
* B3001

### Air 
Godalming is around 31 miles or 50 kilometres away from Gatwick and Heathrow Airport.

## References
North Walsham

**North Walsham** is a town in North Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 11,998 people living in North Walsham.

## References
Grantham

**Grantham** is a town near the A1 road in Lincolnshire, England. Margaret Thatcher was born here, and Isaac Newton went to school here. Grantham is famous for its gingerbread.
## Location
The town is a relatively small town but has multiple satellite villages. It has numerous estates, such as Gonerby Hill Foot, Manthorpe, Earlesfield and Alma Park.
## Education
There are several schools in the town, such as the Priory Ruskin Academy and the Kings Grammar School, which Isaac Newton attended.
Colsterworth

**Colsterworth** is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. The parish contains the hamlet of Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth. In 2001 there were 1,508 people living in Colsterworth.

## References
Mansfield

**Mansfield** is a large market town in Nottinghamshire, England. It lies north of Nottingham and is the main town of the Mansfield District. It is one of the largest towns in Nottinghamshire.

## History 
The area around Mansfield has been lived in since Roman times. The town grew during the Middle Ages around its market, which still runs today.

During the Industrial Revolution, Mansfield became an important centre for coal mining and textiles. Many people moved to the area to work in mines, factories, and mills.

## Geography 
Mansfield sits in a small valley surrounded by woodland and countryside. The River Maun flows through the town.  
Nearby places include:
* Sutton-in-Ashfield
* Clipstone
* Rainworth
* Warsop

## Economy 
The economy used to depend on coal mining, but today it includes retail, services, warehousing, and manufacturing. The town has a large shopping centre, the Four Seasons Centre.

## Transport 
Mansfield has road links to Nottingham, Worksop, and Chesterfield. The town is served by Mansfield railway station on the Robin Hood Line.

## Education 
Mansfield has many primary and secondary schools, as well as a large further-education college:
* Vision West Nottinghamshire College (West Notts College)

## Culture and landmarks 
Some notable places in and around Mansfield include:
* Mansfield Palace Theatre  
* Carr Bank Park  
* Sherwood Forest (nearby)  
* Mansfield Museum

Mansfield is also known for its historic viaducts and old market square.

## Sport 
The town is home to:
* **Mansfield Town F.C.** – a professional football club playing at Field Mill.

## Notable people 
* **Rebecca Adlington** – Olympic gold medal swimmer  
* **Samworth family** – founders of Samworth Brothers  
* **Richard Bacon** – radio and TV presenter  

## Related pages 
* Worksop
* Nottinghamshire
* Sherwood Forest
* Mansfield Town F.C.

## References
Tebay

**Tebay** is a village and civil parish near the M6 motorway in Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 728 people living in Tebay.

## References
The Butterfly Effect

***The Butterfly Effect*** is a 2004 American psychological thriller movie. It was produced by Anthony Rhulen, Chris Bender, J.C. Spink and A.J. Dix and was directed by Eric Bress and J. Mackye Gruber. *The Butterfly Effect* was released on January 22, 2004 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 34% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 30 out of 100 from Metacritic.

This movie had two sequels: *The Butterfly Effect 2* and *The Butterfly a?Effect 3: Revelations*.

## Cast 
*Ashton Kutcher as Evan Treborn
*Amy Smart as Kayleigh Miller
*Melora Walters as Andrea Treborn
*Elden Henson as Lenny Kagan
*William Lee Scott as Tommy Miller
*Eric Stoltz as George Miller
*Ethan Suplee as Thumper
*John Patrick Amedori as Evan Treborn (age 13)
*Irene Gorovaia as Kayleigh Miller (age 13)
*Kevin G. Schmidt as Lenny Kagan (age 13)
*Jesse James as Tommy Miller (age 13)
*Logan Lerman as Evan Treborn (age 7)
*Sarah Widdows as Kayleigh Miller (age 7)
*Jake Kaese as Lenny Kagan (age 7)
*Cameron Bright as Tommy Miller (age 7)
*Kevin Durand as Carlos
*Callum Keith Rennie as Jason Treborn
*Lorena Gale as Mrs. Boswell
*Nathaniel DeVeaux as Dr. Redfield
*Tara Wilson as Heidi
*Jesse Hutch as Spencer
*Jacqueline Stewart as Gwen

## Other websites 
*The Butterfly Effect's Official website
* 
*
Petri Kontiola

**Petri Kontiola** (born October 4, 1984) is a Finnish professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for Ilves of Liiga. He also played for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Kontiola played eight seasons with Tappara and their junior teams. He was drafted 196th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He would play for their AHL-affiliate team, the Rockford IceHogs.

On November 25, 2007, the Blackhawks would call Kontiola up to play for the team. The same day, Kontiola would make his NHL debut in a 2—0 loss to the Vancouver Canucks. He would be sent back down two days later.

On March 4, 2009, the Blackhawks traded Kontiola along with James Wisniewski to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for Samuel Påhlsson, Logan Stephenson and a conditional draft pick. He did not play for the Ducks.

On May 26, Kontiola left the NHL and decided to sign a two-year contract to play for Metallurg Magnitogorsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

On May 3, 2011, he would sign with Traktor Chelyabinsk.

On July 3, 2014, he would travel back to North America and sign a tryout contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs. He would end up playing for their AHL-affiliate team Toronto Marlies. On November 20, 2014, he would be released.

## References
## Other websites
*
Newhaven

**Newhaven** is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 11,171 people living in Newhaven.

## References
Chickney

**Chickney** is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 38 people living in Chickney. Chickney has a church called St Mary's Church, Chickney.

## References
ÖFB-Frauenliga

The **ÖFB-Frauenliga (official name:Admiral Frauen Bundesliga)** (German for ÖFB Women's League) is the highest level of Women soccer in Austria. The most successful team was USC Landhaus Wien with 12 titels, in the last years SV Neulengbach was the best club in Austria winning all titels from 2003/04 on.

## History
Women football was played in Austria actually before the Second World War. In 1936, the first championship was organized by the *Österreichische Damenfußball-Union* (Austrian Ladies Soccer Union) with 9 teams from the Vienna area. But after the occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany it was suppressed. This continued till the end of the 1960s. In 1968 USC Landhaus Wien was one of the first women soccer clubs in Autria. In 1972 the first women championship after the war was  organized by the Vienna Football Union. 1980 the first pure women soccer club (Union Kleinmünchen from Upper Austria) was founded. In 1982, the ÖFB organized the championship for the first time. Actually 334 teams are playing in 5 divisions. Also the number of players increased from 7 000 (2008) to around 17 000. Planet Pure, a cleaning supplies manufacturer from Vorarlberg, is the first official sponsor of the league.

Since 2002, the Austrian Champion plays in the UEFA Women’s Cup.

## Current Teams 2025-26 Season 
*FK Austria Wien Women
* SKN St. Pölten Women
* SCR Altach Women
* SK Sturm Graz Women
*FC Red Bull Salzburg Women
*LASK Women
*First Vienna FC Women
*USV Neulengbach 
*SPG Union Kleinmünchen/Blau-Weiß Linz
*SpG Südburgenland/TSV Hartberg

## List of champions 
The list of champions:

## Champions 
*USC Landhaus Wien (1974, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001)
*SKN St. Pölten (includes FSK St. Pölten-Spratzern): (2015, 2016, 2017,2018,2019, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
*Union Kleinmünchen (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999)
* USV Neulengbach (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010)
* FS Elektra Wien (1977, 1979, 1980)
* 1. DFC Leoben (1976, 1987)
* Favoritner AC Wien (1973)
* KSV Ankerbrot Wien (1975)
* SV Aspern (1984)
* ESV Ostbahn XI Wien (1985)
* Innsbrucker AC (2002)

## References
## Other websites
*ÖFB Official Homepage (German) 
*Homepage Union Kleinmünchen with results and tables
List of Austrian women's soccer teams (1st and 2nd league)

This is a **list of Austrian women football teams** as they play in the 2023/24 season in the first and second division:

## Planet Pure Frauen Bundesliga (first division)
* SKN St. Pölten
*SK Sturm Graz 
*FK Austria Wien 
* First Vienna FC 1894
* USV Neulengbach
*SPG SCR Altach / FFC Vorderland
* SPG Kleinmünchen/Blau-Weiß Linz 	
*FC Bergheim 
* FC Wacker Innsbruck
* SPG Lustenau/Dornbirn

## 2.Frauenbundesliga (second division)
*SKV Altenmarkt  
*  SPG FAC/USC Landhaus Wien 	  
* Wildcats Krottendorf 	 
* SV Horn 	 
* SPG Geretsberg/Bürmoos 	 
* LUV Graz 	 
* FC Südburgenland/TSV Hartberg 	  
* Carinthians Spittal/Drau 	 
* Wiener Sport-Club 	  
* Ladies Preding 	 
*Linzer ASK    
*FC Pinzgau Saalfelden  

## Gallery

File:LASK Ladies gegen SPG Geretsberg-Bürmoos (2023-02-19) 51.jpg|LASK Ladies gegen SPG Geretsberg-Bürmoos 
File:SPG Geretsberg-Bürmoos gegen FC Südburgenland (2023-03-25) 21.jpg|SPG Geretsberg-Bürmoos gegen FC Südburgenland 

The 3rd till 5th division is organized by the local football associations of the federal states.
Club des Hashischins

The **Club des Hashischins**, the Hashish Club, (sometimes also spelled **Club des Hashishins** or **Club des Hachichins**), was a Parisian group who explored using drugs, mainly hashish, to get creative ideas. 

It was active from about 1844 to 1849. Some of the most important literary and intellectual people in Paris were members. They including Dr. Jacques-Joseph Moreau, Théophile Gautier, Charles Baudelaire, Victor Hugo, Honoré de Balzac Gérard de Nerval, Eugène Delacroix and Alexandre Dumas, père. It was a thick, green mixture, like a jam.

Dr. Moreau wrote a book in 1846 about the cannabis and the drug taking experiments of the club. The 439 page book was called *Hashish and Mental Illness - Psychological Studies*. Baudelaire wrote that while the drug did give people ideas, it quickly affected their personality. They felt they could only create while under the influence of the drug.

## References
## Other websites
*The Hashish Club
Smile (Avril Lavigne song)

"**Smile**" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The song was written by Lavigne with Max Martin and Shellback. It was produced by Martin and Shellback. "Smile" was released on April 11, 2011  to Australian radio stations. It was the second single from Lavigne's fourth album *Goodbye Lullaby*. 

## Background
Lavigne asked her fans in Twitter what the next_title from Goodbye Lullaby should be. She asked them to choose between *Push* and *Smile*. Lavigne confirmed that "Smile" was to be the second single from the album. Lavigne herself wanted *Push* to be released. The singer's record label, RCA, announced that "Smile" will be sent out to Polish radio in April. It would be sent out to USA, Canada, New Zealand, Asia, and the UK around this time. Lavigne posted photos of the set of her music video. This was on April 21, 2011.

## Promotion 
Lavigne will perform the song on the German show *Schlag den Raab* on June 4, 2011. 

## Track listing
;iTunes digital download
#"Smile" – 3:29

;Digital download and CD single
#"Smile" – 3:29
#"What the Hell" (Bimbo Jones remix) – 4:10

## Personnel
*Songwriting – Avril Lavigne, Max Martin, Shellback
*Production and recording – Max Martin, Shellback
*Engineering – Michael Ilbert
*Mixing – Serban Ghenea
*Mix engineer – John Hanes
*Assistant mix engineer – Tim Roberts
*Drums, guitar and bass – Shellback
*Keyboards – Max Martin

Source:

## Charts
## Release history
## References
Mount Tabor, West Yorkshire

**Mount Tabor** is a village near Halifax in West Yorkshire, England. Mount Tabor has a church.

## References
Brazilian Portuguese

**Brazilian Portuguese** is a dialect of the Portuguese language. It is different enough from the dialect of Portugal that a speaker of one does not easily understand a speaker of the other. It has 210 million speakers (87% of the Portuguese speakers).

## Related pages
* Argentine Italian
* Mexican Spanish

## References
Middle Jurassic

The **Middle Jurassic** is the second geological epoch in the Jurassic. It began 174.1 million years ago, and ended at 163.5 million years ago.

In the Middle Jurassic, Pangaea began to split apart. It began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Tectonic activities closed the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A subduction zone on the coast of western North America continues to create the ancestral Rocky Mountains.

## Life of the epoch 
### Marine life 
During this time, marine life (including ammonites and bivalves) flourished. Ichthyosaurs, although common, are reduced in diversity. A type of crocodilians first appeared.

Plesiosaurs became common at this time. The top marine predators, the pliosaurs, grew to the size of killer whales and larger e.g. *Pliosaurus*, *Liopleurodon*.

### Terrestrial life 
New types of dinosaurs evolved on land. *Cetiosaurus* was an early sauropod found in England in the mid-19th century.

The environment in which *Cetiosaurus* lived was floodplain and open woodland. Brachiosaurs and *Megalosaurus* also lived in this environment.

The cynodont therapsids flourished with the dinosaurs, but they were only shrew-sized. None grew larger than a badger. One group of cynodonts, the Trithelodonts were becoming rare and eventually became extinct at the end of this epoch. The Tritylodonts were still common, though. In this epoch "true" mammals evolved from a group of cynodonts.

### Flora
Conifers were dominant in the Middle Jurassic. Other plants, such as ginkgoes, cycads, and ferns were also common. These are the trees which the large herbivores ate.

## Related pages 
*Jurassic
*Lower Jurassic
*Upper Jurassic

## References
Kashubian language

**Kashubian** or **Cassubian**  is a Lechitic language, a kind of Slavic language. It is spoken in the Polish region of Pomerania.

Today the language is taught in some state schools. Since 2005 it has been protected in Poland as a regional language. It is the only language in Poland with this status. The status was given by an act of Polish Parliament on January 6, 2005.

## References
Żywiec

**Żywiec** (pronounce: [ˈʐɨvjɛt͡s]) is a city in Poland. It is in the south of Poland in the historical region called Małopolska on Soła river in Silesian Voivodeship near Bielsko-Biała. It received city rights in 1327. In 2006 in Żywiec lived 32078 people. The current mayor is Antoni Szlagor.
Fantaisie-Impromptu

Frédéric Chopin's **Fantaisie-Impromptu** in C♯ minor is a solo piano composition. It is one of his best-known pieces. It was composed in 1834. Chopin did not want the work to be published. Even so, it was published by Julian Fontana.

The structure of the piece is in *A B A Coda* form. Some aspects of this piece are similar to Beethoven's "Moonlight" Sonata. The opening tempo is *allegro agitato*. It changes to *largo* for the two bars after the 'A' section. The tempo for most of the 'B' section is *moderato cantabile*. Finally, after the 'B' section, it changes to presto. The piece on a C-sharp major rolled chord.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Video of a performance of the piece, by Yundi Li
*Video of Valentina Igoshina playing the *Fantaisie-Impromptu*
* Recording of Fantaisie-Impromptu performed by the pianist Alberto Cobo, MP3 format
* Free score by the Mutopia Project
* Free score via icking-music-archive.org
Upper Sorbian language

**Upper Sorbian** () is a West Slavic language spoken by the Sorb people in Germany. The language is spoken in the province of Upper Lusatia. Today this province is part of Saxony.

There are around 40,000 speakers of Upper Sorbian living in Saxony. Upper Sorbian is a minority language in Germany according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

## References
Douglas da Silva

**Douglas da Silva** (born 7 March 1984) is a Brazilian professional association football player who plays for Brusque as a central defender.

## Career
In 2005 he went from Brazil to Israel, where he started playing for Hapoel Kfar Saba and soon became one of the best defenders in the league. After four years with this club he went one to an Israelian top club Hapoel Tel Aviv, because his old club was relegated to the second league. With Tel Aviv he became cup winner and champion in 2010. They also played in the UEFA Champions league 2010/11 after eliminating Red Bull Salzburg in the play off round. He played in the Champions league group stage, but in December 2010 he signed with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.In a preliminary match he was injured badly, so he missed the whole second part of the 2010/11 season.

## Honours
***Israel State Cup (1):**
**2010
***Israeli Premier League (1):**
**2009–10
***Austrian League (1)**: 
**2011–12
* **Austrian Cup (1)** : 
**2011-12

## Career statistics
## References
Saint Seiya

**Saint Seiya** (聖闘士星矢, *Seinto Seiya*), also known as **Saint Seiya: Knights of the Zodiac** or simply **Knights of the Zodiac**, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masami Kurumada and serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1986 to 1991 and adapted into an Anime TV series by Toei Animation from 1986 to 1989.

The story follows five mystical warriors called the "Saints" (or "Knights") who fight wearing sacred armors named "Cloths", the designs of which derive from the various constellations the characters have adopted as their destined guardian symbols. These Saints have sworn to defend the reincarnation of the Greek goddess Athena in her battle against the other Olympian gods who want to dominate Earth.

## References
Cornellà

**Cornellà de Llobregat** is a municipality in Baix Llobregat in Catalonia, Spain. It is on the left of the Llobregat river.

## History
The history of Cornellà de Llobregat is defined by three principal factors: its proximity to the city of Barcelona, its being an area of passage from the capital of Catalonia, and the presence of the Llobregat River. Its name is of Roman origin (Cornelianus) and the first written reference to the city dates from 980 AD, although the city was incorporated into Barcelona's territory in the thirteenth century.
Roger Starr

**Roger Starr** (1918 - 2001) was an intelligence officer during World War II, businessman, active in community organizations, and New York City housing administrator. Later in life, he became a writer for the New York Times. One of his books was called "The Living End".

## Planned shrinkage
He proposed a "planned shrinkage" in 1976. He wanted people to leave the depressed areas like the South Bronx. The mayor he served as the Housing and Development administrator did not support the idea. Members of the City Council called it "inhuman", "racist" and "genocidal". Protesters would make disturbances on his public appearances.

## References
Mechanism

A **mechanism** is a mechanical device for doing something. It includes the idea of tools and machines, but is used for a wider range of objects, processes and ideas. 

Palaeolithic hand axes were one of the first tools used. Simple modern mechanisms would be rope pulleys or levers. The internal combustion engine is a mechanism for turning oil into motion. A complicated example would be computers and the web.

The word "mechanism" is also used as a metaphor. The celestial mechanics  of Kepler and Newton is a way of predicting and explaining planetary motions in the Solar System. Darwin's natural selection is his proposed mechanism as to how evolution took place.

In that way, a mechanism in science or technology is an explanation of how something works or might work.