open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Johann Reinhold Forster

**Johann Reinhold Forster** (22 October 1729 – 9 December 1798) was a German pastor and naturalist. He was part Scottish. He helped early ornithology from Europe and North America. He is best known as the naturalist on James Cook's second Pacific voyage. On this trip, he was with his son, Georg Forster.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Scans of *Specimen Historiae Naturalis Volgensis* at the Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum
* Biography at the Australian Dictionary of Biography
* SUB Göttingen  Forster, J. R. 1771.*Novæ species insectorum.* Centuria I. Londini. (Davies, White).
* Gaedike, R.; Groll, E. K. & Taeger, A. 2012: Bibliography of the entomological literature from the beginning until 1863 : online database – version 1.0 – Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut. 
* Indische Zoologie 1781
* *The Resolution journal of Johann Reinhold Forster, 1772-1775.* Royal Geographical Society of South Australia
Economic policy

A country's **economic policy** is the branch of its laws that regulate the economy. Economic policies include government budgets, tax rates, how much or how little fiat currency is printed, financial regulation, business regulations, etc.

## Related pages
*Central bank
Nuestra Visión

**Nuestra Visión** (translation: *Our Vision*) is an American Spanish language free-to-air television network. It is owned by Publicidad y Contenido Editorial S.A. de C.V. a subsidiary of América Móvil. The network was launched on November 21, 2017. It is available in select markets across the United States.

The network features Mexican movies from the golden era of Mexican movies to recent productions. As of September 2019, it is available in 4.2&nbsp;million homes across the United States.

### List of affiliates
## References
## Other websites
*
Serbian Progressive Party

The **Serbian Progressive Party** (, **SNS**) is a big tent (centrist) party in Serbia, and the country's ruling party since 2012. Its current president is Miloš Vučićević, however it's most famous member and de jure ruler is the current president of Serbia, Aleksandar Vučić.

It split from the Serbian Radical Party in 2008, and it was a member of the opposition against the ruling Democratic Party until 2012, when they won the 2012 presidential election due to their anti-corruption campaign.

Vučić became the prime minister in 2014, and formed a coalition government with the Socialist Party of Serbia. He then won the 2017 presidential election, while Ana Brnabić succeeded him as prime minister. Vučić was reelected in 2022.

## Ideology (Beliefs) 
The Serbian Progressive Party is often described as populist, since they often say they're the party of the people, their ideology is also largely influenced by what is currently popular with the voters, which is why they are also described as a "big tent" party.

Economically, they are pro-capitalist, and socially, they have both left (some support for the LGBTQ+ movement) and right (ties to the Serbian Orthodox Church) wing aspects.

### Media and freedom 
SNS is often criticized for reducing the Freedom of the Press, as well as civil liberties (various freedoms that citizens have) and for centralizing the government, which can especially be seen in the province of Vojvodina.

## References
ViendoMovies

**ViendoMovies** is an American Spanish-language pay television channel. It is distributed in High Definition and present in cable television, Telcos and satellite television companies. The channel is owned by SomosTV, company headed by Luis Villanueva (President & CEO of SOMOS Group). ViendoMovies runs 24-hours a day featuring movies originally produced in Spanish in a commercial free format (without television advertisement). ViendoMovies' programming reaches subscribers in the United States and Puerto Rico.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
David Norquist

**David Lutz Norquist** (born November 24, 1966) is an American financial management professional and government official. He has served as the United States deputy secretary of defense from 2019 to 2021. He served for two days as the acting United States secretary of defense in January 2021.

## References
## Other websites
*

|-

|-
Teleritmo

**Teleritmo** (alternately known as **TLR**) is a network of Spanish language television stations in northeastern Mexico and the southwestern United States. The system is part of Grupo Multimedios. 
## Locations
The flagship station of Teleritmo is XHSAW-TDT located in Monterrey, Nuevo León. Programming features Mexican regional music and music appeal variety programming.

The company also has network affiliates in many cities, some of which produce local content. The networks spans Northeast and North-Central Mexico, along with the Southwestern United States through over-the-air availability, but is also available nationally in both countries via cable, satellite and IPTV services.
## References
Zaw Htay

**Zaw Htay** (, also known as **Hmuu Zaw**; died 23 May 2022) was a spokesman of the Myanmar government who was the director general of the State Counsellor's Office from April 2016 to February 2021. He was the presidential spokesman of the Myanmar Office of the President from April 2011 to April 2016 under President Thein Sein.

## References
Joe Pignatano

**Joseph Benjamin Pignatano** (August 4, 1929 – May 23, 2022) was an American professional baseball player and coach. He played for the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers (1957–60), Kansas City Athletics (1961), San Francisco Giants (1962) and New York Mets (1962). He won the World Series twice in 1959 and 1969. Pignatano was born in New York City. 

Pignatano died on May 23, 2022 in Naples, Florida from problems caused by dementia, at the age of 92.

## References
Monica Angelucci

**Monica Angelucci** (born 15 October 1968) is a Brazilian judoka who competed in the -48 kg category. She won a bronze medal at the 1986 Pan American Judo Championships. At the 1987 Pan American Games she became Pan American champion, and she won a bronze medal at the 1991 Pan American Games. 

She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where judo was for women a demonstration sport, in the extra-lightweight event.

## References
Samia Hachemi

**Samia Hachemi** (سامية•هاشمي; born 19 June 1966) is an Algerian judoka. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where judo was for women a demonstration sport, in the weight event.

She competed at the 1986 African Judo Championships where she won the bronze medal in the -66 kg category. 

## References
Angelina Tan

**Angelina "Helen" de Luna Tan** (born **Angelina Beredo de Luna**; 1 October 1971) is a Filipina physician and politician. She served as a three-time congresswoman of Quezon's 4th district from 2013-2022 when she was elected as Quezon's new governor, becoming the first woman to hold the office.

## Personal life 
Helen is married to Ronnel Tan and have 2 children, including Keith Michael Tan, who is also a politician that was elected and will succeed her as a congressman in Quezon's fourth congressional district.

## Political career 
Tan ran in Quezon's 4th congressional district from 2013-2016 under United Nationalist Alliance and won. She was re-elected in 2016-2019, then 2019-2022 under Nationalist People's Coalition. During this time, Tan became a chairwoman of the Philippine House Committee on Health. As she was term limited, Tan ran for the 2022 Quezon local elections where she won by a majority over her opponent Danilo Suarez, becoming the first woman to hold the office.

## References
Scinax pedromedinae

'''Henle's snouted tree frog'* (*Scinax pedromedinae'') is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru, in the Amazon Basin.  Scientists think it may also live in Colombia.

## References
Semillitas

**Semillitas** is an American Spanish-language pay television channel owned by the media company SOMOS Group Communications, headed by Luis Villanueva (President & CEO of SOMOS Group Communications). The channel targets children 0–10 years of age with the objective of preserving Hispanic cultural roots and language through entertaining and violence free programming, specifically animation and is distributed in a format without traditional television advertisement. Semillitas, produced in High Definition, programs animation in Spanish 24-hours a day, with closed captioning and video description, utilizing Standard Spanish dialogue.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*http://www.somostv.net
NickMusic

**NickMusic** is an American pay television network. It is a spin-off of Nickelodeon. It mainly broadcasts music video and music-related programming from younger pop artists. Some videos are edited to meet a general TV-PG rating, or replaced with a lyric video instead. Initially at launch in 2002, the channel was a spin-off to MTV, entitled MTV Hits. In 2016, it changed to NickMusic.

## History 
The network was launched on May 1, 2002 as *MTV Hits*. The network was named for a daily program on MTV also called *MTV Hits*. It was MTV's main pop music video program. The network included current hit music videos, along with a few older videos from earlier in the year, as well as a few from the late 1990s. The network maintained a commercial-free format, other than internal promotions for MTV and MTV-branded properties.

In 2005, the network began airing a feature called "My Hitlist Month". It was based on viewer selected playlists that were submitted to a new network website. My Hitlist Month, along with artist-selected playlists, were broadcast occasionally on the network until 2006.

In 2016, MTV Hits was re-branded NickMusic.
How to Play Baseball

***How to Play Baseball*** is a cartoon produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures in September 1942, featuring Goofy. The short was produced at the request of Samuel Goldwyn and first shown to accompany the 1942 feature film *The Pride of the Yankees*.
## References
Chef Donald

***Chef Donald*** is a 1941 American Donald Duck short film. It was directed by Jack King and produced by Walt Disney.

## Plot 
Donald is listening to a radio cooking program and mixes up a batch of waffles. But he's distracted and uses rubber cement instead of baking powder. The batter proves to be unusually stiff. First, his spoon gets stuck and the batter acts like a rubber-band airplane, flying the bowl around the room. 

Next, Donald falls with his head in the batter, he tries to get out but initially, he can't (with angry quacking and a lot of bubbles popping), and his tail in the waffle iron. Then he tries to chop it with an ax, and the ax flies up and splits the room in half. 

Finally, he throws the bowl out the door; it sticks to the knob while the bowl gets stuck between two trees. The stretching causes a branch to knock on the door, tricking Donald into opening it and letting the batter back in. After several attempts, he has had enough and rushes to the radio studio where the cooking program is being broadcast, and takes his anger out on Old Mother Mallard.

As he approaches the radio station, the radio starts shaking and wobbling showing that Donald is violently attacking Old Mother Mallard as an act of revenge.

## Cast 
* Clarence Nash as Donald Duck

## Home media
The short was released on May 18, 2004, on *Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume One: 1934-1941*.

## References
## Other websites 
*
La cetra

***La cetra*** (English: "The cetra"), Op. 9, is a set of 12 violin concertos. It was written by Antonio Vivaldi. It was written for Emperor Charles VI. The emperor gave him a medal and a lot of money for writing the concertos.

There is another set of 12 concertos called *La cetra*. This set contains different concertos. It does not have an opus number. Its first violin parts are lost. It was not published.

## References
Nola

**Nola** is a town and a  municipality in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy.

## Notable people 
This is a list of some notable people who came from Nola.
* Gaius Octavius
* Augustus
* St Felix of Nola
* St Paulinus of Nola
* Luigi Tansillo
* Giovanni Merliano
* Ambrogio Leo
* Nicola Antonio Stigliola
* Giordano Bruno
* Nicola Napolitano
* Pasquale Russo
* Salvatore Russo

## Twin towns 
Nola is twinned with:

*  Sassari, Italy (2006)

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (movie)

***Sonic the Hedgehog 3*** (known in Japan as ***Sonic x Shadow TOKYO MISSION***) is a 2024 American-Japanese movie based on the *Sonic the Hedgehog* video game series from Sega. It is the sequel to *Sonic the Hedgehog* (2020) and *Sonic the Hedgehog 2* (2022). The movie is distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was released on December 20, 2024. A fourth film is scheduled to be released in March 2027.

## Plot
One day, Prison Island's systems are attacked by Eggman tech, which breaks free Shadow the Hedgehog, that was imprisoned in a test tube because of a terrible accident 50 years ago. Shadow knocks out everyone in the base and heads to Shibuya. 

Meanwhile, Team Sonic is enjoying their day, when suddenly, a G.U.N. helicopter arrives near them. Team Sonic is assigned by G.U.N. to find Shadow and bring him back to Prison Island. But they have to join forces with their arch nemesis Dr. Ivo Robotnik. But later finds out the Attack was by from Gerald Robotnik, Ivo's grandfather.

## Cast
* Jim Carrey as:
** Dr. Ivo Robotnik, a mad scientist and Sonic's arch-nemesis who he often refers to as "Eggman".
** Metal Sonic, a robotic doppelganger of Sonic made by Dr. Eggman Aka Dr Robotnik who's Alive and Built Metel Sonic to get revenge on Sonic Again.
* Colleen O'Shaughnessey as Miles "Tails" Prower: An anthropomorphic yellow-orange fox who can fly with his twin-tails.
* Sofia Pernas as Gabriella, Pablo and Juan's love interest from *La Última Pasión, a TV show that Ivo watches.*
* Cristo Fernandez as Pablo and Juan, twin brothers who appear in *La Última Pasión* ''who fight over Gabriella's love.''
* Jorma Taccone as Kyle Lancebottom
* Amy Rose: An anthropomorphic pink hedgehog who saves Sonic from the Metal Sonic army, has a non-speaking appearance in the first post-credits scene. but good news will have roles in the Sonic Movie 4 coming to Theathers March 19th 2027 coming soon.

## Notes
## References
Kristine Gebbie

**Kristine Moore Gebbie** (June 26, 1943 – May 17, 2022) was an American academic and public health official. She was a professor at the Flinders University School of Nursing & Midwifery in Adelaide, Australia. She was born in Sioux City, Iowa. Gebbie was the White House AIDS Policy Coordinator from 1993 until 1994 during the Bill Clinton administration.

Gebbie died on May 17, 2022 in Adelaide from cancer, aged 78.

## References
Pamela Sharples, Baroness Sharples

**Pamela Sharples, Baroness Sharples** (; 11 February 1923 – 19 May 2022) was a British life peer of the Conservative Party. She was honored with peerage in 1973 after the assassination of her husband, Sir Richard Sharples, Governor of Bermuda. She was on the House of Lords until 2017.

Sharples died on 19 May 2022 at the age of 99.

## References
Jamie Bartlett

**James Bartlett** (9 July 1966 – 23 May 2022) was a British-born South African actor. He was best known for his role as David Genaro, in *Rhythm City*. He was born in Maidenhead, Berkshire, England. His career began in 1984. He also played Sgt. James Gregory in *Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom* (2013).

Bartlett died on 23 May 2022 in Johannesburg, South Africa at the age of 55.

## References
Wendell (footballer, born 1947)

**Wendell Lucena Ramalho** (21/22 November 1947 – 23 May 2022), known as just **Wendell**, was a Brazilian football goalkeeper and coach. He played seven matches for the Brazil national football team between 1973 and 1974. He was born in Recife, Brazil.

Wendell died on 23 May 2022 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil at the age of 74.

## References
Katy Gallagher

**Katherine Ruth Gallagher** (born 18 March 1970) is an Australian politician. She has been a Senator for the Australian Capital Territory since the 2019 federal election. She is a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). She was a Senator from 2015 to 2018, and was Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory from 2011 to 2014.

In May 2022, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese picked Gallagher to be Minister of Finance, Minister for Women and Attorney-General of Australia.

Gallagher was born in Canberra, Australia.

## References
Jawed Karim

**Jawed Karim** (born October 28, 1979) is a German-Bangladeshi software engineer and Internet entrepreneur. He has a Bangladeshi descent from his paternal side and a German descent from his maternal side. He is a co-founder of YouTube. He is also the first person to upload a video to the site. On November 2021, Karim opposed public dislike counts. On April 2025, Jawed celebrated his first video called "Me at the zoo" as 20th anniversary.

## References
Sergio Moro

**Sergio Fernando Moro** (; born 1 August 1972) is a Brazilian jurist, former federal judge, college professor and politician. He was one of the lead judges in Operation Car Wash. Moro was also Minister of Justice and Public Security under the Jair Bolsonaro administration from 2019 to 2020. 

He briefly ran for President of Brazil in the 2022 election. Instead, he successfully ran for Senator of Paraná.

## References
Simone Tebet

**Simone Nassar Tebet** (; born 27 February 1970) is a Brazilian lawyer, professor, writer, and politician. She has represented Mato Grosso do Sul in the Federal Senate since 2015. She was mayor of Três Lagoas from 2005 to 2010. She is a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.

Tebet came in third place for President of Brazil in the 2022 election. 

## Notes
## References
Luciano Bivar

**Luciano Caldas Bivar** (born 29 November 1944) is a Brazilian politician and businessman. He was the PSL candidate for President of Brazil in the 2006 election. He has been the Federal Deputy for Pernambuco since 2019. He ran for president again in the 2022 election, before dropping out in July 2022.

## References
Carl Wheezer

**Carlton "Carl" Ulysses Wheezer** is a fictional character from the American computer animated film *Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius* and its adapted television series *The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius* created by John A. Davis. He is  obsessed with llamas. He has a high-pitched voice. He is one of Jimmy’s best friends.

The character was voiced by voice actor Rob Paulsen. He also provides the vocals for his alien equivalent Doppy in its spin-off series *Planet Sheen*.

## Character
### Personality
A glasses-wearing boy with very low intelligence.  Carl's obsessions with llamas is a running gag throughout the series. He has a crush on Jimmy's mom, Judy Neutron. His unhealthy love for llamas stemmed when his parents inflated their cable lineups with a show within a show entitled *Llama Boy the Superhero*. From that point onwards, he goes to drastic measures to emulate them going far enough to a fan club nicknamed the Llama Love Society which is likely invented by himself.

His favourite purple flurp flavour is "Goosh flavoured flurp" 

He has a severe allergy to lima beans, bacteria, and horror stories. Whenever he gets tired his mother makes him hot milk, rubs his stomach, and sings "nani nani nani".

He gets jealous of Jimmy’s extreme intelligence and the attention he gets from other girls besides Cindy. 

### Appearance
A round 10-year-old with a high-pitched voice, Carl has red hair in a weird splat style, small black beady eyes in contrast to the other characters with colored irises. He has brown circular spectacles and freckles on his cheeks. He wears a yellow shirt with orange stripes. He looks like his father. Carl has been left in his underwear on numerous occasions. He has a very slight hunchback.

### Portrayal
In both the series and film, he is played by professional voice artist Rob Paulsen. Besides this role, he also lent his vocals to his alien equivalent Doppy in its spinoff series Planet Sheen. Paulsen voices his parents as well and one-shot characters including the owner of a Golden Arches parody nicknamed Skeet in the episode “Men at Work.”

## In popular culture 
In 2012, a clip of Carl asking for a croissant in a faux-French accent became a popular internet meme.

## References 
## Other websites
*Carl Wheezer’s profile on Nick.com
Christian media

**Christian media** is a genre that exists throughout media formats including music, movies, radio, and books. Christianity has a long history of Christian art. Christian stories are based around the teachings of Jesus and the Bible. Most things that are in the Christian genre are popular with both Christians and people who are not Christian.

## Examples 
*Christian Broadcasting Network
*''The Pilgrim's Progress*
**VeggieTales''
*Christian music
**Christian rock
**Gospel music

## Related pages
* People's Television Network
* Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation
* DWET-TV
* DWNB-TV
* DWVN-DTV
* BBC
* CCTV
Cosmo and Wanda

Cosmo Julius and Wanda Venus Cosma (née Fairywinkle) are fictional characters in the Nickelodeon animated series The Fairly OddParents. They are a pair of fairies (Angeles) who raise their godchildren Timmy Turner, and, in the 10th season, Chloe Carmichael, in the fictitious city of Dimmsdale, California. 

Wanda is the smarter of the two. She often grants empty-headed wishes while Cosmo himself is one of the least intelligent characters featured alongside Mr. Turner. 

The characters are voiced by Daran Norris and Susanne Blakeslee respectively. They also voice Timmy’s parents and their Anti-Fairy counterparts. In the first live made for TV film they were portrayed by Jason Alexander and Cheryl Hines, respectively. 

## Characterizations
### Appearance and personalities
### Cosmo
In spite of his unusually low IQ, Cosmo loves his wife and godchild deeply.  Because of his lack of  intelligence his wishes often cause tremendous harm. When someone other than him dates Wanda, he becomes green with envy and usually goes along with Timmy’s wishes. Prior to Season 6, he was the last infant to be produced in Fairy World. He experienced severe mood swings so much that his unnatural fury frightened Wanda and Timmy. He has the almost same hairstyle as Timmy. Cosmo has Chelsea Cucumber green hair and matching eyes and a floating golden crown with light blue wings sticking out.  He wears a white business shirt with a black tie matching shirts and because of art style, identical loafers connecting his lower extremities. During the show’s early stages, he was designed as a Homer Simpson-like character before switching to his current appearance. 

### Wanda
Intelligent and comforting about her godchild, she is the most responsible and the voice of reason of the four characters. Frequently adopting the blame for chaos, she also overlooks her husband’s dumbness. She has a constant habit of nagging. She serves as sensible whenever Cosmo or Timmy make a foolish wish.She can be guilty of making the aforementioned wishes without reading Da Rules book of laws first. Originally designed as a frumpy fairy with a burly build while nicknamed Venus, Wanda has cerise hair tied in a bun and matching eyes, with her lips of the same color. Like her husband, she has light blue wings protruding from her back and a floating golden crown. She wears a yellow T-shirt, black slacks matching loafers connecting her lower extremities. In very early episodes, her complexion was tinted baby pink later changed to regular skin.

## Reception
### Accolades
Daran Norris was nominated at the 39th Annie Awards for voice acting in a television program, ultimately losing to Jeff Bennett for his role in *Penguins of Madagascar*.

## References 
## Other websites
*Cosmo’s profile on Nick.com
*Wanda’s profile on Nick.com
Lovelock, Nevada

**Lovelock** is a city in Nevada. It lies in Pershing County and is the only incorporated city in the county. In 2020, 1,805 people lived there. There's a medium-security prison. There is also a train station. Settlers on their way to California used to stop in Lovelock. Today, the city's economy is mostly based on farming and mining. There's also a little tourism.

## References
Disney Magicboard Online

***Disney Magicboard Online*** (迪士尼魔幻飞板) is a racing online game featuring Disney characters. This online game was released only in China on December 10, 2007. It was developed by the China game developer Shanda under license of The Walt Disney Company.

## Gameplay
Players can control the magicboard by using the arrow keys on the keyboard. They can choose only one character. After they choose, it cannot change back.

## Playable characters
* Mickey Mouse
* Minnie Mouse
* Goofy
* Donald Duck
* Daisy Duck
* Pluto

## References
## Other websites
* Official game site via Internet Archive (August 17th, 2007)
MicroWiki

**MicroWiki** is a free online encyclopedia website. It was started on 27 May 2005 to make micronational pages with more information than Wikipedia can with its current rules. MicroWiki calls itself the "largest encyclopaedia on micronations".

As of December 2020, MicroWiki had about 115,000 pages.

## References
## Other websites
*MicroWiki
List of Canada Twenty20 International cricketers

This is a **list of Canadian Twenty20 International cricketers**.

## Key
## Players
:*Statistics are correct as of 24 February 2022.*

## Related pages
*Twenty20 International
*Canadian cricket team
*Canadian national cricket captains
*List of Canada ODI cricketers

## References
How to Fish

***How to Fish*** is an animated short produced by Walt Disney Productions and first released on December 9, 1942. It stars Goofy and was directed by Jack Kinney.

## Plot
Like all "How To" Disney shorts, this one opens with a narrator explaining how to fish, with Goofy acting as the visual narrator. This short film does not have a plot; all the facts are jumbled together, with several humorous facts and clips.

## Voice cast
* Goofy: George Johnson
* Narrator: John McLeish

## Home media
The short was released on December 2, 2002, on *Walt Disney Treasures: The Complete Goofy*.

Additional releases include:
*''Walt Disney's Classic Cartoon Favorites Starring Goofy Volume 3''

## References
## Other websites
*
Alan Gagloyev

**Alan Eduardovich Gagloyev** (; ; born 6 February 1981) is a South Ossetian politician and intelligence officer. He is the 5th and current president of South Ossetia since May 24, 2022. He is the current chairman of the Nykhaz party since February 2020.

## References
Ouka Leele

**Bárbara Allende Gil de Biedma** (29 June 1957 – 24 May 2022), also known as  **Ouka Leele**, was a Spanish photographer. Her uncle, Jaime Gil de Biedma was a famous poet. She was one of the most important photographers during La Movida Madrileña. She also worked as an illustrator and written many poetry books. She was a member of the Agence VU. Leele was born in Madrid, Spain.

Leele died on 24 May 2022 in Madrid at the age of 64.

## References
Yellowstone National Park Protection Act

The Yellowstone National Park Protection Act was an act by the US Congress and signed into law on March 1, 1872 by President Ulysses S. Grant.

## References
Spanish East Indies

The **Spanish East Indies** ( ; Filipino: *Silangang Indiyas ng Espanya*) were the overseas territories of the Spanish Empire in Asia and Oceania from 1565 to 1901, They were governed from Mexico City and Madrid through the captaincy general in Manila.
## Areas
The territories are:

* the Captaincy General of the Philippines (1565–1898) (now the Philippines)
* Palaos (1574–1899)
* the Marianas (1667–1898 or 1899) (now Guam and Northern Mariana Islands)
* the Carolines (Nuevas Filipinas) (1686–1899) (now the Federated States of Micronesia)
* the Marshall Islands (1874–1885)
* parts of Formosa (now Taiwan) (1626–1642)
* parts of Sulawesi (Celebes) and of the Moluccas (Maluku Islands) (1580–1663) (now parts of Indonesia)
## History
The King of Spain called himself "King of the East and West Indies".

From 1565 to 1821 these territories, together with the Spanish West Indies, were administered through the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. After independence of the Mexican empire, they were ruled directly from Madrid. The territories ruled included present day Philippines, Guam and the Mariana Islands, as well as Palau, part of Micronesia and for a brief period Northern Taiwan and parts of North Sulawesi and the Moluccas. Cebu was the first seat of government, which later transferred to Manila.

As a result of the Spanish–American War in 1898, the United States of America occupied the Spanish Philippines and Guam, while Spain sold other smaller islands to Germany in the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899. The few remaining islands were ceded to the United States when the Treaty of Washington was ratified in 1901.

## References
The Art of Skiing

***The Art of Skiing*** is a Goofy cartoon made by Walt Disney Productions in 1941. It has historical significance as the first cartoon to use the now-famous Goofy holler, as well as the short that led to the "How to..." series, beginning with *How to Play Baseball* (1942) and continuing through *How to Hook Up Your Home Theater* (2007).

## Notes
Goofy goes to Sugar Bowl Ski Resort, to learn how to ski.  The name of the resort can be seen in the opening frames of the cartoon.  Sugar Bowl Ski Resort was used because Walt Disney had an interest in the Sugar Bowl ski area, to the extent that one of the peaks at Sugar Bowl is named Mt. Disney after him.

The narrator and the opening titles mention an alternate (and "correct") pronunciation of skiing as *shee-ing*, despite the narrator mostly pronouncing it vice versa throughout the short. Another Goofy cartoon featured Goofy himself mentioning this to an Ancient Greek.

This was the first cartoon to use the signature Goofy holler; it is the only vocal uttered by Goofy in the short.

## Voice cast
* Goofy: Danny Webb
* Narrator: John McLeish
* Yodeler: Hannes Schroll

## Releases
*1941 &ndash; theatrical release
*1956 &ndash; *Disneyland*, episode #2.24: "The Goofy Sports Story" (TV)
*1972 &ndash; *The Mouse Factory*, episode #17: "Sports" (TV)
*1976 &ndash; "Superstar Goofy" (TV)
*c. 1983 &ndash; *Good Morning, Mickey!*, episode #80 (TV)
*1983 &ndash; "A Disney Channel Christmas" (TV)
*c. 1992 &ndash; ''Mickey's Mouse Tracks*, episode #36 (TV)
*c. 1997 &ndash; *The Ink and Paint Club*, episode #3: "Sports Goofy" (TV)
*2010 &ndash; *Have a Laugh!*, episode #6 (TV)
*2010 &ndash; *Mickey's Christmas Special* (TV)

## Home media
The short was released on December 2, 2002, on *Walt Disney Treasures: The Complete Goofy''.

Additional releases include:
*1981 &ndash; "Goofy Over Sports" (VHS)
*1983 &ndash; "Cartoon Classics: More Sport Goofy" (VHS)
*1986 &ndash; "Jiminy Cricket's Christmas" (VHS)
*1992 &ndash; "Cartoon Classics Special Edition: The Goofy World of Sports" (VHS)
*2001 &ndash; Bonus on DVD release of *Santa Who?* (DVD)
*2001 &ndash; ''Goofy's Fun House* (PlayStation Video Game)
*2005 &ndash; "Classic Cartoon Favorites: Starring Goofy" (DVD)
*2010 &ndash; *Have a Laugh!* Volume Two" (DVD)
*2013 &ndash; *Mickey's Christmas Carol*: 30th Anniversary Edition (Blu-ray/DVD/Digital HD)
*2018 &ndash; *Olaf's Frozen Adventure* (Blu-ray/DVD/Digital HD)

## References 
* Borowiec, Piotr (1998) *Animated Short Films: A Critical Index to Theatrical Cartoons* Scarecrow Press  pg 21
* McCall, Douglas L. (1998) *Film cartoons: a guide to 20th century American animated features and shorts* McFarland & Co  pg 91
* Barrier, J. Michael (2007) *The Animated Man: A Life of Walt Disney* University of California Press  pg 349
* Lund, Morten (December 2009) "The Short, Sweet Ski Life of Hannes Schroll in America" *Skiing Heritage Journal'' Vol 21 #4:13

## Other websites
* 
*
2009 Fort Hood shooting

On November 5, 2009, a mass shooting took place at Fort Hood, near Killeen, Texas. Nidal Hasan, a U.S. Army major and psychiatrist, fatally shot 13 people and injured more than 30 others.

It was the deadliest mass shooting on an American military base.

## References
TeleXitos

**TeleXitos** is an American Spanish language television network owned by NBCUniversal Telemundo Enterprises. Aimed at the Hispanic and Latin American community, the network airs a mix of dramatic television series from the 1970s to the 2000s and movies. All programming is dubbed into Spanish.

## References
## Other websites
*
La stravaganza

***La stravaganza*** (English: "Extravagance"), Op. 4, is a set of violin concertos. It was written by Antonio Vivaldi. It was written for Vettor Delfino, a student of Vivaldi. It was published in Amsterdam in 1716. It was also published in London in 1728.

## References
TeleHit

**TeleHit** is a Mexican cable/satellite television network. It has been broadcasting since 1993. Its main programming is music and music videos. It is a part of Televisa Networks, an affiliate of TelevisaUnivision Mexico, and is also available in various countries in Latin America and United States.

Telehit is MTV's second Spanish language music video network. At first, it aired Spanish music. Now it airs a fusion of different musical rhythms, like pop, rock, electronic, hip-hop and reggaeton.

Besides music videos, the channel also broadcasts concerts, TV specials and general-interest content for youth. Telehit has also been a platform for hosts and actors to being into Mexican show business.

## Telehit Awards
The Telehit Awards were first presented on November 5, 2008. It was made to commemorate 15 years of airing on Mexican television. These awards recognize the most outstanding artists in music.

## Hosts
### Current
**Adina Burak*
**Ceci Flores*
**Barbara Islas*
**Raul Gemeneses*
**Gwendolyne García Leets*
**Angie Tadei*
**Claudio Rodríguez Medellín*
**Karla Gómez*
**Mery Roo*
**Román*
**Amanda Rosa*
**Alex Kaffie*
**Alejandra Bogue*
**Sergi Mass*
**Uriel del Toro*
**Melissa López*
**Odalys Ramírez*
**Silvia Olmedo*
**Karla Luna*
**Karla Panini*
**Juan Carlos Nava "El Borrego"*
**Juan Carlos Casasola*
**Leia Freitas*
**Platanito*
**Kalimba Marichal*
**Mario Cuevas "La Garra"*
**Beto y Lalo*
**  Natalia Tellez*

### Previous
**Jorge Van Rankin*
**Facundo*
**Diego*
**Omar Chaparro*
**Esteban Arce*
**Sabrina Sabrok*
**Mónica Noguera*
**Yolanda Andrade*
**Montserrat Olivier*
**Kalinda Cano*
**Angie Fajardo*
**Horacio Villalobos*
**Lino Nava*
**Alfredo Fernández*
**Camila Sodi*
**Poncho Vera*
**Eduardo España* (Margara Francisca)
**Paola Rojas*
**Paula Sánchez*
**Eduardo Videgaray*
**Adriana Sodi*
**José Ramón San Cristóbal*
**Jonathan Molina*
**Federico Padilla "Perico"*
**Rafael Valderrama*
**Luz Blanchet*
**Martha Carrillo*
**Andrea Legarreta*
**Kristoff*

### Featured shows
#### Current
* *Qué News Telehit*
* *Teleheat*
* *Jellyfish*
* *Top Topos*
* *Tu Talento Mis Contactos*
* *Retro Vibes*
* *Playhit*
* *Hot Songs*
* *Ok Pop*
* *Érase una vez*
* *D - Generaciones*
* *Tinderella*
* *Top 10 K-Pop*
* *Las Lavanderas*
* *La Escuelita Telehit*
* *Guerra de Chistes*
* *La isla del costeño*
* *Colección de oro*
* *Dementes Brillantes*
* *Adictos al Humor*

#### Past
**+Mas Nescafé*
**Calibre 45*
**El Calabozo*
**Telehit Live*
**Depásonico*
**Guaguarones S.A.*
**No Manches*
**Hi!*
**Válvula de Escape*
**Sabrina*
**Desde Gayola*
**Fresas con Chile*
**Toma Libre*
**Incógnito*
**Las hijas de la madre Tierra*
**Black & White*
**El Planeta de Cabeza*
**El Pulso*
**Encuentros Cercanos*
**El Show del Polaco*
**Kristoff Presenta*

## References
## Other websites
* Official site https://www.telehit.com/ 
* Televisa Networks
Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd

**Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd** (1130 - 1170/1171) was briefly King of Gwynedd in late 1170, he was confronted with a coup and killed during battle.
Thoughts and prayers

The saying "**thoughts and prayers**" is often used by politicians and celebrities in the United States as a condolence after a tragic event, such as a deadly natural disaster or mass shooting.  

The phrase has been controversial for its repeated use in terms of gun violence, mass shootings or terrorism. Critics say that "thoughts and prayers" are said instead for action such as gun control or counter-terrorism.

## References
Cinémoi

**Cinémoi** is a television network focusing on film, fashion and international style.

## Related pages
* List of French-language television channels

## References
## Other websites
*
L'estro armonico

'''''L'estro armonico''''' (English: "The Harmonic Inspiration"), Op. 3, is a set of violin concertos written by Antonio Vivaldi. It was written for Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. It was published in 1711 in Amsterdam. It was very popular. The concertos are often used to teach playing the violin.

## References
Country (movie)

***Country*** is a 1984 American drama movie directed by Richard Pearce. It stars Jessica Lange (in her Oscar nominated role), Sam Shepard, Wilford Brimley, Matt Clark and Sandra Seacat and was distributed by Touchstone Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Mr. Mouse Takes a Trip

***Mr. Mouse Takes a Trip*** is a 1940 American animated short movie produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The movie was directed by Clyde Geronimi and features original music by Leigh Harline and Oliver Wallace. The movie was animated by Clyde Geronimi, Ken Muse, Ed Love, Marvin Woodward, and Ray Abrams. The voice cast includes Walt Disney as Mickey, Lee Millar as Pluto, and Billy Bletcher as Pete. It was the 109th short in the *Mickey Mouse* movie series to be released, and the third for that year.

The fame of the short has since grown some historical significance, as Walt Disney himself was filmed recording his lines as Mickey Mouse for it, making it one of the only times he was shown doing his voice on camera. Alongside him as voice dubbing is actor Billy Bletcher as the voice of Pete.

The cartoon follows Mickey Mouse and his dog Pluto traveling by train, except they have a rule forbidding dogs from entering the train; Pete plays a menacing conductor intent on enforcing this rule.

## Releases
*1940 &ndash; Original theatrical release
*c. 1980s &ndash; "A Disney Vacation" (TV)
*1986 &ndash; "Adventures with Mickey" (TV)
*1998 &ndash; *The Ink and Paint Club*, episode # 1.43: "On Vacation" (TV)
*2009 &ndash; *Have a Laugh!* (TV)

## Home media
The short was released on May 18, 2004 on *Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Living Color, Volume Two: 1939-Today*.

Additional releases include:
*c. 1965 &ndash; Highlights included in "Mickey's Memorable Moments, Volume 2" (Super 8)
*1984 &ndash; "Cartoon Classics - Limited Gold Edition: Mickey" (VHS)
*1987 &ndash; "Memorable Mickey" (VHS)
*1998 &ndash; "The Spirit of Mickey" (VHS)
*2006 &ndash; "Walt Disney's Funny Factory: With Mickey" (DVD)
*2009 &ndash; "Walt Disney Animation Collection: Classic Short Films Volume 1: Mickey and the Beanstalk" (DVD)
*2010 &ndash; "Have a Laugh!: Volume 2" (DVD)

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Owain Gwynedd

**Owain Gwynedd** ( 1100 - 23/28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd and King of all Wales from 1137 until 1170. He ruled over all of Wales. That was not common because Wales rarely ever was united.
Vladimir Averchev

**Vladimir Petrovich Averchev** (; 1 November 1946 – 24 May 2022) was a Russian politician. He was a Deputy of the State Duma between 1993 and 2000. Averchev was a member of the Yabloko Party. He was born in Pilninsky District, Gorky Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.

Averchev died on 24 May 2022 at the age of 75.

## References
Mass shootings in the United States

that killed 60 people is the deadliest mass shooting in American history]]
Mass shootings are events where there are many victims of firearm-related violence. There is no exact definition for a "mass shooting". One definition is that a mass shooting is an act of public firearm violence in which a shooter kills at least four victims. Gang killings, domestic violence, or terrorist acts by an organization are not included. With this definition, one study found that about one-third of the world's public mass shootings between 1966 and 2012 (90 of 292 events) happened in the United States. *The Washington Post* recorded 163 mass shootings in the United States between 1967 and June 2019.

## Statistics
The United States has had more mass shootings than any other country. Shooters generally either die by suicide afterward, are arrested, or are killed by police officers or civilians.

Mass shootings are responsible for under 0.2% of homicides in the country between 2000 and 2016.

According to a March 2022 report, over mass shootings in the last 40 years, in 52% of mass shootings in the United States the shooter was white, 16% were African American, and 8% were Latino. In 96% of mass shootings the shooter was male, in 2% they were female, and in 2% there were both male and female shooters.

## Weapons used
Many types of guns have been used in mass shootings in the United States, including semi-automatic handguns, semi-automatic rifles, revolvers, and shotguns. Of the 172 events from 1966 to 2019 that are seen as mass public shootings in the U.S., handguns were used in 77.2% of cases and semi-automatic rifles in 25.1% of cases. From 1966 to 2019, about 77% of mass shooters in the U.S. legally bought the weapons used in the attacks.

## Mental health
In a study, experts said that roughly one-third of acts of mass shootings since the 1990s were committed by people with a "serious mental illness". However, the study also said that people with a serious mental illness are responsible for less than 4% of all the violent acts in the United States. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) said that gun violence is a public health crisis and that a majority of people with mental illness are not violent and "are far more likely to be victims of violent crime." 

In February 2021, a survey published by psychiatrists at Columbia University found that in 1,315 out of 14,785 mass murders around the world, personal motives were the main cause. In only 11% of these 1,315 murders and 8% of these shootings, the murderer had a serious mental illness.

## List of deadliest mass shootings since 1949
## Mass shootings in 2024
## Notes
## References
Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione

'''''Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione'''* (English "The contest between harmony and invention"), Op. 8, is a set of violin concertos written by Antonio Vivaldi. The first four concertos are known as *The Four Seasons''. It was first published in 1725 in Amsterdam.

## References
RTVI

**RTVI** (**Russian Television International**), more recently stylized as **RTVi**, is a privately-owned international Russian-language television network. Its primary audiences are the Russian-speaking communities of Israel, Germany and the US. RTVI does not broadcast in Russia, but is available to the Russian audience online.

The channel studios are based in New York City, Tel Aviv, Berlin and Riga. Additional news bureaus of RTVi are located in Washington, D.C., London, Moscow, Kyiv, Tbilisi, Yerevan and Chisinau. The channel launched on 1 January 1997 as **NTV International**, before rebranding as **RTVi** in 2002.

It has special programs focused on Israeli politics and the Russian-speaking communities (for example, "This Week in Israel") in Israel and also Germany (with the program "This Week in Germany").

## References
## Other websites
* www.rtvi.tv 
* www.rtvi.com
* http://www.runyweb.com/articles/leisure/tv-radio-press/rtvi-presented-the-new-leadership-in-new-york-the-updated-concept-of-the-channel.html
BBC World Service

The **BBC World Service** is an international broadcaster. It is owned and operated by the BBC. It is funding from the British Government through the Foreign Secretary's office. It is the world's largest external broadcaster in terms of reception area, language selection and audience reach. It broadcasts radio news, speech and discussions in more than 40 languages to many parts of the world. It broadcasts on analogue and digital shortwave platforms, internet streaming, podcasting, satellite, DAB, FM and MW relays. 

In 2015, the World Service reached an average of 210&nbsp;million people a week (via TV, radio and online). In November 2016, the BBC announced that it would start broadcasting in additional languages including Amharic and Igbo.

BBC World Service English maintains eight regional feeds with several programme variations, covering, respectively. The locations are East and South Africa; West and Central Africa; Europe and Middle East; the Americas and Caribbean; East Asia; South Asia; Australasia; and the United Kingdom. 

There are also two separate online-only streams with one being more news-oriented. It is known as *News Internet*. The service broadcasts 24 hours a day.

The current director of the BBC World Service is Liliane Landor. The current director of the BBC World Service in English is Mary Hockaday.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
** BBC World Service Radio frequencies
** BBC World Service Radio in different languages
* BBC News Language Selection at BBC Online
Banksia tricuspis

***Banksia tricuspis***, also known as **Lesueur banksia** or **pine banksia**, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is popularly seen in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a short plant with narrow leaves and spikes of golden-coloured flowers.

## Description 
*Banksia tricuspis* is small tree which grows to a height of  with thick, grey, wrinkled, fireproof bark on its trunk. It grows in spring and it's new leaves are pale greenish-brown. The leaves are mostly crowded near the ends of the branches. They are  long  wide. The upper surface of the leaves is covered with soft hairs at first but the hair fade away as the leaves mature. The lower surface is woolly.

]]

## Nature and location 
The plant is fireproof and new ones grow after fire.  This banksia is mostly found around Mount Lesueur in Lesueur National Park in the Geraldton Sandplains biogeographic region. It grows in rocky lateritic soil in shrubland.

## References
Scinax oreites

The **Balzapata snouted tree frog** (*Scinax oreites*) is a frog.  It lives in Peru. Scientists have seen it in rainforests in the mountains.  They have seen it between 1600 and 2400 meters above sea level.

## References
Samsung Galaxy S series

**Samsung Galaxy S** is a series of smartphones since 2010 with the Galaxy S made by Samsung.

## Evolution
Translational symmetry

When someone translates something in the geometric way, they are moving the thing from one place to another without rotating it (turning it around).

Translational symmetry means that when the thing is translated, it is still exactly the same.
 show translational symmetry.]]
Susan Hood

**Susan Hood** (born January 21, 1954) is an American author of over 200 children's books.

## Early life 
Susan Hood was born on January 21, 1954 in New Haven, Connecticut.
## Published works
### First Readers
**Pup and Hound Move In*, 2004
**Pup and Hound*, 2004
**Pup and Hound Stay Up Late*, 2005
**Pup and Hound in Trouble*, 2005
**Pup and Hound Lost and Found*, 2006
**Pup and Hound at Sea*, 2006
**Pup and Hound Hatch an Egg*, 2007
**Pup and Hound Play Copycats*, 2007
**Pup and Hound Scare a Ghost*, 2007
*''Pup and Hound's Big Book of Stories*, 2014

### Most popular
**Ada's Violin*
**Shaking Things Up*
**Titan and the Wild Boars''

## Awards
### The Tooth Mouse
* "2013 - Amelia Frances Howard-Gibbon Illustrator's Award, Canadian Library Association, Short-listed
* 2013 - CCBC Choices, Cooperative Children's Book Center, Commended
* 2013 - Best Books for Kids & Teens, Canadian Children's Book Centre, Winner
* 2013 - Best Children's Books of the Year, Bank Street Children's Book Committee, Winner
* 2013 - Best Read Aloud Book Award, Read Boston, Winner
* 2012 - PAL Award, Winner"

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Susan Hood at Lyons Regional Library
Time translation symmetry

Time translation symmetry means that the laws of physics are the same no matter where one is in time.

Time crystals, a state of matter first observed (seen by humans) in 2017, do break the symmetry.

## References
Tony Anholt

***Anthony Anholt*** known as Tony Anholt was a British actor. He is best known for playing Charles Frere in ''Howards' Way*, Tony Verdeschi in *Space: 1999*, Paul Buchet in *The Protectors* and guest starred in *Coronation Street*. He was born in 19 January 1941. He died in 26 July 2002. He was married to Tracey Childs and is the father of actor Christien Anholt of *Relic Hunter'' fame.

## Other websites
*
*