open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Criticality accident

A **criticality accident**, or simply **a criticality**, is an accidental nuclear fission chain reaction that goes out of control. These accidents are sometimes called **critical excursions**, **critical power excursions**, or **divergent chain reactions**. These reactions are the result of accidents involving fissile material (material that can undergo nuclear fission), and they can have very harmful results on the environment, as they let off large amounts of radiation.
During normal conditions, a critical reaction (a reaction that can keep itself going) only happens in safely guarded location. During a criticality, these reactions happen outside of these environments, or in a way that isn't safe. Criticality can be reached by solid materials (for example, metallic uranium), liquid materials, or by powder slurries. 

## Accident Types 
There are two primary types of criticality accident: 
* **Process accidents**, where controls in place to prevent an accident are breached.
* **Reactor accidents**, in which someone controlling the criticality in a normally safe environment makes a mistake, resulting in an accident. 

## Effects 
During a criticality, there are a handful of effects that have been commonly noticed. 

### Blue Glow 
During criticality events, there is often a blue glow. This is because the molecules during the reaction are very energetic, and release this energy by glowing.

### Heat Effects 
Some people say they have felt a 'heat wave' during a criticality accident. It is unknown if this is caused by their psychological reaction to the event, or if this is a physical result. It is frequently seen alongside the blue glow.
Microsoft Copilot

**Microsoft Copilot** is a chatbot made by Microsoft. It was introduced as **Bing Chat** on February 7, 2023. Microsoft Copilot is a replacement of the Cortana virtual assistant. Microsoft used to sometimes call its chatbots Bing Chat, and sometimes call them Microsoft Copilot, but all of the chatbots were renamed to Microsoft Copilot in November 2023. Microsoft has introduced Phi-3-mini, the latest iteration of its featherweight AI model.

The user interface of Microsoft Copilot looks like the user interface of ChatGPT, and both of them use the GPT-4 artificial intelligence model. It can cite its sources, create poems, and make songs. It can also use its Image Creator to generate images based on text prompts. Microsoft Copilot can understand many different languages.

## History 
On February 7, 2023, Microsoft released a new Bing version. This version included a new chatbot feature called Bing Chat. Bing Chat was also added to Microsoft Edge. Microsoft created a similar chatbot for Microsoft 365 called Microsoft 365 Copilot. Microsoft created another chatbot called Windows Copilot. Between September 2023 and October 2023, Microsoft 365 Copilot and Windows Copilot were renamed to Microsoft Copilot. On November 15, 2023, Bing Chat was renamed to Microsoft Copilot.

In December 2023, Copilot was added to many copies of Windows 11 for free, with more copies, and limited support for Windows 10, to be added later. Later that month, a Microsoft Copilot app was released for Android.

## Features 
In Microsoft Edge, Copilot can give information on the website currently being browsed by a user. Microsoft Copilot in Windows can be accessed with the taskbar, and it supports the use of voice commands. In Microsoft 365, Microsoft Copilot can help by generating and editing parts of documents. This has reminded some people of the Office Assistant, or Clippy, which was an old feature which also tried to help with documents in Microsoft Office (the old name for Microsoft 365).

## Related pages 
* Cortana
* ChatGPT
* Siri

## References
The Superman Family

***The Superman Family*** is an American comic book series published by DC Comics from 1974 to 1982 featuring supporting characters in the Superman comics, and is the name often given to Superman's family (not to be confused with the Kent Family or House of El) and superhero allies.

## Members 
* Superman
* Kelex
* Krypto
* Power Girl
* Steel (John Henry Irons)
* Steel (Natasha Irons)
* Streaky the Supercat
* Super-Man (Kong Kenan)
* Superboy (Kon-El)
* Superboy (Jonathan Samuel Kent)
* Superboy (Jonathan Lane Kent)
* Supergirl
* Linda Danvers
* Lana Lang
* Lor-Zod

## Collected editions
* *Showcase Presents: Batgirl Vol. 1* includes the Supergirl story from *The Superman Family* #171, 520 pages, July 2007, 
* *Superman: The Amazing Transformations of Jimmy Olsen* includes the Jimmy Olsen story from *The Superman Family* #173, 192 pages, July 2007, 
* *Superman: The Adventures of Nightwing and Flamebird* collects the Jimmy Olsen story from *The Superman Family* #173 and the Nightwing and Flamebird stories from *The Superman Family* #183–194, 144 pages, October 2009, 
* *Superman: The World of Krypton* includes the *World of Krypton* story from *The Superman Family* #182, 240 pages, March 2008, 
* *Deadman Book Three* includes the Lois Lane story from *The Superman Family* #183, 176 pages, December 2012, 
* *Superman: Bottle City of Kandor* includes the Nightwing and Flamebird story from *The Superman Family* #194, 200 pages, October 2007, 

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Radiation damage

**Radiation damage** is the effect of radiation on non-living things, such as buildings. Sometimes, radiation can have a positive effect on these materials, but sometimes, radiation damages them. Ionizing radiation can strip electrons from bonds, changing materials a lot. For example, metals are made stronger and harder by radiation, but they become less ductile. 

## Effects
Radiation can have many different effects on a material, ranging from mild alteration to massive changes in a material's structure. These effects include:. 
* Material radioactivity as a result of exposure. 
* Radiolysis (the breaking of chemical bonds) resulting in weakening of the material. 
* Formation of reactive compounds. 
* Nuclear transmutation of elements within a material.
* Introduction of impurities or defects via ion implantation (the process of launching ions at a material to change its properties), modifying the material's electrical functionality. 
Radiation damage effects can also be grouped by what material they're effecting. 

### Effects on metals and concrete 
Radiation can have harmful effects on metals and concrete, because it can damage them until they are no longer safe to be used. In metals, exposure to radiation can make them stronger through hardening, it can also make the metals more brittle (making it easily fractured, broken, or cracked). Concrete is often used in nuclear power plants, meaning it is an area of frequently studied (in relation to radiation damage). Over time, certain aggregates (types of gravel, sand, and crushed stone added to materials) can swell due to radiation exposure, making it unsafe.  

### Effects on polymers 
Radiation can effect polymers that are found in a variety of places, including nuclear reactors, medical apparatus, and aerospace parts. Ionizing radiation can be used to strengthen and change the traits of these polymers.  

### Effects on gasses 
Exposure to radiation causes chemical changes in gasses. Gasses lack a strong structure, meaning most often the effects on them are chemical. There are also often large amounts of ozone produced during nuclear reactions. During nuclear reactions and events, such as criticality events, the ionizing radiation in the air can often react with the area around it, producing a bright blue glow.  

### Effects on liquids 
Like gases, liquids do not have a strong structure. Instead, chemical bonds are broken within the liquids, altering their chemical composition. The effects of radiation on liquids, as a result, are generally limited to radiolysis.
Leader (character)

The **Leader** (**Samuel Sterns**) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in *Tales to Astonish* #62 (December 1964), created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko as the archenemy of the Hulk.

## Fictional character biography 
He was a simple American worker in a chemical plant in a menial capacity until an accident working with radioactive material bombarded him with gamma radiation, turning his skin green and making his head grow. The radiation increased his intelligence to genius-level along with his ego and ambition to match. This led him into conflict with the Hulk becoming his self-proclaimed arch-enemy. Having died and being revived several times, the Leader became obsessed with the afterlife, having experimented with the Green Doors and learned of the existence of the One Below All and the Below-Place, though all of this would culminate in him being possessed and then ripped out of the entity, powerless and reduced to a normal human. In spite everything he had done, the Hulk forgave Sam and returned him to the Earthly Plane.

## Powers and abilities 
The Leader uses his advanced brain to generate force fields, instill mental blocks in others' minds, erase others' memories, and brainwash others into a zombie-like state. Additionally, through his psychic link to Rick Jones, the Leader gains professional level guitar skills.

## In other media 
The character has been adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including television series and video games. Samuel Sterns made his cinematic debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movie *The Incredible Hulk* (2008), portrayed by Tim Blake Nelson, and returned in *Captain America: Brave New World* (2025). In 2009, the Leader was ranked as IGN's 63rd Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.
Samuel García (politician)

**Samuel Alejandro García Sepúlveda** (born 28 December 1987) is a Mexican politician. He is a member of the Citizens' Movement party. He became Governor of Nuevo León in 2021. He was a senator from 2018 to 2021. He was a candidate for President of Mexico in the 2024 election.

## References
Eduardo Verástegui

**José Eduardo Verástegui Córdoba** (; born May 21, 1974) is a Mexican actor, singer and conservative activist. He was part of the band Kairo. He had movie roles in *Chasing Papi*, *Bella*, and *Little Boy*.

His political ideas have been seen as ultra-conservative and far-right. 

In September 2023, he became an independent candidate for President of Mexico in the 2024 presidential election.

## References
Seema Pahwa

**Seema Pahwa** (née Bhargava; born 10 February 1962) is an Indian actress and director known for her comedic characters in films and television. She is the recipient of several awards including a  Filmfare Award and a Filmfare OTT Award.

## References 
## Other Website 
*
Crossodactylus timbuhy

***Crossodactylus timbuhy*** is a frog.  It lives in Espírito Santo, Brazil. People have seen it near Santa Teresa.

## First paper
*

## References
Mutual Nuclear Deterrence

**Mutual Nuclear Deterrence** refers to the theory that if two parties both threaten nuclear conflict, neither will engage in it. This became a commonly used strategy during The Cold War. Deterence theory itself is defined as any use of threats in order to maintain the status quo. The stability–instability paradox is an important part of mutual nuclear deterrence. This paradox states that if two parties both have powerful nuclear weapons, the chances of war between them greatly decreases. This is because parties generally want to avoid nuclear conflict, so they neither start large conflicts nor allow small conflicts to grow into large ones.

According to Kenneth Waltz, there are three requirements for successful nuclear deterrence:

# The state must have a group of nuclear weapons strong enough to fight back if attacked. 
# The state must not respond to false alarms of a strike. 
# The state must keep control. 

The idea of mutual nuclear deterrence has been critiqued. This is because of the idea that the people who make decisions are always rational. It has been argued that it does not consider the emotional effects of the chances of a conflict happening, which can lead to irrational choices.
Picture (disambiguation)

A **picture** is an artifact that depicts or records visual perception.

**Picture(s)** may also refer to:

* PICTURE clause, a COBOL data type
* Movie theater, a building in which films are shown
Pseudophilautus lunatus

The **Afro-Asian tree frog** (*Pseudophilautus lunatus*) is a frog.  It lives in Sri Lanka. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Handapan Ell Plains, in the eastern part of the Sinharaja World Heritage Site, 1270 meters above sea level.

One adult female frog was 40.9 m long from nose to rear end. There are black spots near the eyes and white color on the chin.  The skin of the frog's back is red-brown in the middle and gray-brown with black marks on the sides. The belly is gray-white in color. The toes are dark gray in color, and the tops of the toes have some yellow color.

Many parts of the frog's eye are brown in color.

This frog is critically endangered. There are very few of them. Scientists say this is because human beings change the places the frog lives to make farms, to make places for animals to eat grass, and to get wood to build with and because pollution and chemicals meant to kill pests and make crops grow can kill this frog. However, scientists say that even though there are only a few frogs, the number of frogs is staying the same, not getting smaller. 

## First paper
*

## References
Adolfo González

**Adolfo González Jiménez** (born 27 September 1962) is a Mexican archer. González competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics, the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics.

## References
Ted Kord

**Theodore Stephen  Kord** is a fictional character from Charlton Comics and later acquired by DC Comics. The character was created by Steve Ditko and Gary Friedrich, first appearing in *Captain Atom* #83 (1966). 

He was the second hero to call himself **Blue Beetle**, successor to Dan Garrett and predecessor to Jaime Reyes. Garrett was his mentor and he vowed to take up the crime-fighting legacy, although when he found himself unable to activate the Blue Beetle Scarab he turned to science and martial arts instead. He has been a member of Justice League International, the Living Assault Weapons and the Birds of Prey. His most enduring partnership is with his best friend Booster Gold.

## Publication history 
Ted Kord was created by Steve Ditko and Gary Friedrich, first appearing in *Captain Atom* #83 (1966).

## Fictional character biography 
Ted was a former student of Dan Garrett, and they were investigating his uncle Jarvis Kord, learning Jarvis was working to create an army of androids to take over Earth; Garrett fought Jarvis, but both were killed in the battle. He is one of the smartest men in the DC Universe, and puts his inventions to public use through Kord Industries.

## Powers and abilities 
Ted Kord had no superpowers; he possesses a genius-level intellect, with an IQ of 192. He is proficient in numerous sciences such as physics, chemistry, computer science, genetics, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering. He additionally has a comprehensive understanding of extraterrestrial technology. Despero once claimed that Ted's mind was second only to that of J'onn J'onzz. Former Justice League teammate Guy Gardner claims that Ted was smarter than Batman, "although nobody ever noticed". Kord was an Olympic-level acrobat and skilled hand-to-hand combatant, having studied in the martial arts of karate and aikido. Dick Grayson stated that Ted was very adept physically, to the point where he was almost ambidextrous. He is also highly skilled in espionage.

## In other media 
Since his debut in the comics, Kord has made appearances in numerous media, outside the comics; most notably the animated trilogy adaptation of the *Crisis on Infinite Earths* storyline, set in the Tomorrowverse, where he was voiced by Matt Lanter, reprising his role from *DC Showcase: Blue Beetle*.
Silvia de Tapia

**Silvia de Tapia** (born 5 January 1940) is a Mexican archer. De Tapia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## References
Captain America's shield

'''Captain America's shield'* is a fictional item appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by Captain America, and is intended to be an emblem of American culture.

The most well-known of his shields is a disc-shaped object with a five-pointed star design in its center, within blue, red, and white concentric circles. This shield is composed of a unique combination of Vibranium, steel alloy, and a third catalyst that has never been duplicated called Proto-Adamantium. It is virtually indestructible. It is as much an offensive weapon as a defensive one for Captain America. Cap uses it against his enemies, mainly, by throwing it at them and can perform mind-bogglingly impossible tricks with it.

Over the years, Captain America has used several shields of varying composition and design. His original heater shield first appeared in *Captain America Comics'' #1 (March 1941), published by Marvel's 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics. The circular shield best associated with the character debuted in the next issue, *Captain America Comics* #2.
Pilate stone

The **Pilate stone** is a block of carved limestone with a inscription on it. The inscription likely attributes and mentions Pontius Pilate, a prefect of Roman Judaea from around AD 26 to AD 37. It was discovered at the ancient city of Caesarea Maritima in 1961. The block is significant because it has a inscription carved in the 1st century which mentions the word or name "Pilate", likely referring to Pontius Pilate.

## Content 
The inscription on the block is mostly unreadable.

Those are what the readable parts of the inscription read:
Gary Leschinsky

**Gary Leschinsky** is an American student and inventor who has gained recognition in the medical device industry for his notable contributions to the fields of allergy awareness, education, and invention.

## Early Life and Education 
From the age of 7 years old, Leschinsky demonstrated an interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math), particularly in inventions that could solve real-world problems. He currently pursues his interests in STEM at the Davidson Academy Online, an online secondary school based in Reno, Nevada.

## Advancement of Early Allergy Detection 
Leschinsky is most known for his development of the "A-Watch for Allergies" at the age of 8 years old. This is a device designed for the early detection and notification of allergic reactions. For his notable contribution to the advancement of research in early food allergy detection, Leschinsky was inducted in 2016 into the National Gallery for America's Young Inventors at the National Museum of Education. 

Leschinsky's invention, developed to assist individuals unable to communicate their symptoms effectively, received a United States Patent in 2019 (patent number US10213150B2).

Leschinsky's medical invention led him to present to the investors of Shark Tank in a kid inventors segment. In addition, another one of his inventions, the "Nose and Earmuffs" was presented on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. In November of 2023, Leschinsky presented a TEDx Talk at Nashua High School South.

## Notability in Chess 
Leschinsky is also known for his notable achievements in chess. He started chess lessons at the International Chess Academy of New Jersey and rapidly improved his skills. In December of 2022, he was ranked #10 for all US 14-year-olds by the United States Chess Federation.

## References
Duke University Hospital

**Duke University Hospital** is a 957-bed hospital and an academic tertiary care facility located in Durham, North Carolina, United States.

Made in 1930, it is the main teaching hospital for the Duke University Health System, a network of physicians and hospitals serving Durham County and Wake County, North Carolina, and surrounding areas, as well as one of three Level I referral centers for the Research Triangle of North Carolina (the other two are UNC Hospitals in nearby Chapel Hill and WakeMed Raleigh in Raleigh). It is affiliated with the Duke University School of Medicine.

## References
Victoria Villarruel

**Victoria Eugenia Villarruel** (born 13 April 1975) is an Argentine politician, lawyer, and activist who is the 38th and current Vice President of Argentina since 2023. She is the founder and president of a civil association called the Center for Legal Studies on Terrorism. She was a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies from 2021 to 2023.

Villarruel successfully ran as the running mate of Javier Milei in the 2023 general election.

## References
Pseudophilautus fulvus

The **knuckles shrub frog** (*Pseudophilautus fulvus*) is a frog.  It lives in Sri Lanka. Scientists have seen it in the Knuckles Mountains, between 450 and 1220 meters above sea level.

## First paper
*

## References
Robert Jermain Thomas

**Robert Jermain Thomas** ( 17 September 1840disappeared 31 August 1866) was a Welsh Protestant Christian man who served as a missionary with the London Missionary Service spreading the gospel in China and Korea. While serving as a missionary in China, Thomas developed a strong desire to work as a missionary in Korea, among it's peoples. At the time, Korea was closed to foreigners because of the government's fear of foreign influence on Korea. Many Koreans had been converted by Catholic priests in the end of the 18th century, but the government had around 8,000 of those converts killed. 
## Biography 
Robert Jermain Thomas was born  17 September 1840, in Rhayader, Powys, Radnorshire, Wales, United Kingdom. In 1863, Thomas married a woman named Caroline Godfrey. 
Thomas and his newly married wife Godfrey went as missionaries to China with the London Missionary Service to spread the gospel to the Chinese people. Four months after their arrival in Shangai, China, his wife Godfrey suffered a miscarriage and died afterwards from the consequences in 1865. 
## Death 
31 August 1866 was the day that the Americans had begin launching attacks on Korea. An American ship not far from the shores of Korea began attacking the shores and some towns of Korea. Some civilians were wounded and killed due to the attacks. In response to the attacks, Korea began attacking the American ships that attacked them. This started a conflict between Korea and the United States. Meanwhile, Robert Jermain Thomas was in Korea. 
The entire conflict lasted two days. Two days after the attack began, the Americans having a damaged ship due to the Korean attacks had surrendered on 2 September. After those attacks, Roman Jermain Thomas was not seen again. It is possible that he died due to the attacks. He was last seen on 31 August 1866 (the day that the conflict had began). He was later declared a proclaimed martyr of Korea.
Office of the Vice President of the United States

The **Office of the Vice President** includes staff who directly support or advise the vice president of the United States. The office is headed and ran by the Chief of Staff to the Vice President. The office also provides staffing and support to the vice president's spouse. The office is primarily inside the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, that hold the vice president's ceremonial office. There are also offices for the vice president also in the West Wing of the White House, the U.S. Capitol, and inside vice president's official residence.

## List of staff members 
### Office of the Vice President 
* Chief of Staff to the Vice President: Jacob Reses
** Deputy Chief of Staff to the Vice President: Bryan Gray

## References
Office of the First Lady of the United States

The **Office of the First Lady** is the staff that helps the First Lady of the United States. The Office of the First Lady is a part of the White House Office. It is in the East Wing of the White House.

## References
Jannatul Ferdous Ivy

**Jannatul Ferdous Ivy** is a well-known filmmaker, writer, and human rights activist from Bangladesh.  She is the executive director of the NGO "Voice & Views". She is recognized for her strong advocacy for the rights of marginalized groups, especially women with disabilities and burn survivors. Ivy's impactful work earned her a place in the "BBC 100 Women 2023," acknowledging her as one of the most influential women worldwide.

## Education and Achievements
Ivy has an impressive educational background, including a Bachelor of Social Science (BSS), a Master of Arts in English Literature, a degree in Development Studies, an LLB, and a Diploma in Social Compliance. These qualifications have equipped her to contribute effectively to policy advocacy and social justice.

## Passion for Creativity
Besides her academic achievements, Ivy is passionate about English Literature, Film Studies, and Photography. Her creative pursuits inspire her to use storytelling for positive change and raise awareness about important issues. Ivy's dedication to creative endeavours and social justice work has gained her respect in Bangladesh's film and human rights communities.

## Advocacy and Personal Connection
Ivy's advocacy work is personal to her because she has a physical disability from burns. Her own experiences have motivated her to advocate passionately for the human rights of women with disabilities. Through her work with "Voice & Views" and other organizations, Ivy strives to create a more inclusive and just world for everyone. She promotes accessibility and opportunities for disabled women while raising awareness about their unique challenges and needs.

## References
## Other websites
* Website
1913-14 Austrian football championship

The **1913-14 Austrian football championship** was organized by the *Lower Austrian Football Association*. Only teams from Vienna and the Vienna suburbs played in the championship. Instead of the relegation games, direct promotion and relegation was introduced for the first time. After the second division champions had always been defeated in the relegation games to the first division in previous seasons, First Vienna FC wanted to introduce an automatic promotion and relegation. The Lower Austrian Football Association approved this request. At the end of the season First Vienna FC   was in last place in the table and immediately protested against this regulation. The association rejected the protest. Vienna founded its own rival association, the *Football Union of Austrian Nations* ( FUAN). Some clubs from Austria and Bohemia joined the association. The union was dissolved after two years.

A championship was also held in Styria, in which Carinthian clubs could take part, which was organized by the  *Deutsch-Alpenländischen Fußballverband* (DAFV).
## Table
## Matches 
### August 1913 
### September 1913 
### October 1913 
### November 1913 
### December 1913 
### March 1914 
### April   1914 
### May   1914 
### June 1914 
## Promotion
*Second class A: SC Wacker Wien
## Champion squad
## Top scorer
## References
Alfonso Jones

**Alfonso Jones Kleiner** (born 8 March 1951) is a Mexican archer. Jones competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## References
Eduardo Magaña

**Eduardo Avelino Magaña Portillo** (born 10 March 1984) is a Mexican archer. He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

## References
Savage Garden (Savage Garden album)

***Savage Garden*** is the debut studio album by Australian pop duo Savage Garden and was released on 4 March 1997, by Columbia Records and Roadshow Music. It topped the album charts in Australia, New Zealand and Sweden and made the top 10 in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. It won the 1998 ARIA Music Award for Highest Selling Album.

## Track listings 
All tracks are written by Darren Hayes and Daniel Jones; all tracks is produced by Charles Fisher, except where noted

## References
Turn Back Time (Aqua song)

"**Turn Back Time**" is a 1998 song by Aqua and is the sixth single from their debut studio album *Aquarium*. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and Scotland, number 2 in New Zealand and Hungary, number 10 in Australia, number 14 in Canada and Belgium, number 26 in the Netherlands, number 42 in Germany, number 19 in Italy and Austria and number 4 in Sweden and Ireland. It was used in 1998 movie *Sliding Doors*.

## Track listings
* **Scandinavian and European CD single, UK cassette single**
# "Turn Back Time" (original version) – 4:10
# "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix) – 3:17

* **Scandinavian maxi-CD single**
# "Turn Back Time" (original version) – 4:08
# "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix) – 3:17
# "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic Paradise mix) – 7:25

* **UK CD1**
# "Turn Back Time" (original version) – 4:08
# "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix) – 3:20
# "Turn Back Time" (Metro Scuba club mix) – 6:34
# "Turn Back Time" (Master mix) – 5:13
# "Turn Back Time" (Thunderball mix) – 6:59

* **UK CD2**
# "Turn Back Time" (original version) – 4:08
# "Turn Back Time" (Metro radio edit) – 3:22
# "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic Paradise mix) – 7:29
# "Turn Back Time" (CD-ROM video)

* **UK 12-inch single**
:A1. "Turn Back Time" (album version)
:A2. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic Paradise mix)
:B1. "Turn Back Time" (Thunderball mix)
:B2. "Turn Back Time" (Master mix)

* **Australian CD single**
# "Turn Back Time" (album version) – 4:09
# "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix) – 3:20
# "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic Paradise mix) – 7:25
# "Turn Back Time" (Metro Scuba club mix) – 6:34

* **Japanese CD single**
# "Turn Back Time" (original version)
# "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix)
# "My Oh My" (radio edit)
# "My Oh My" (Spike, Clyde'N'Eightball club mix)

## References
Rahul Kohli

**Rahul Kohli** (born 13 November 1985) is an English actor. He is best known for his television roles as Dr. Ravi Chakrabarti in *iZombie* (2015–19), Owen Sharma in *The Haunting of Bly Manor* (2020), Sheriff Hassan in *Midnight Mass* (2021), and Napoleon Usher in *The Fall of the House of Usher* (2023).

## Notes
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)

**Black Widow** (**Natalia Alianovna** "**Natasha**" **Romanova**) is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe. Created by editor and plotter Stan Lee, scripter Don Rico, and artist Don Heck, the character debuted in *Tales of Suspense* #52 (April 1964).

## Fictional character biography 
The character was introduced as a Russian spy, an antagonist of the superhero Iron Man. She is the second character who have assumed the mantle of **Black Widow**. She later defected to the United States, becoming an agent of the fictional spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D., and is the only female member of the Avengers.

## In other media 
The character has appeared in numerous forms of media, such as animated television series, video games, and films. In animation, she is voiced by Laura Bailey. Scarlett Johansson portrayed Natasha Romanoff in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies *Iron Man 2* (2010), *The Avengers* (2012), *Captain America: The Winter Soldier* (2014), *Avengers: Age of Ultron* (2015), *Captain America: Civil War* (2016), *Avengers: Infinity War* (2018), *Captain Marvel* (2019), *Avengers: Endgame* (2019), and *Black Widow* (2021), with Lake Bell voicing the character in the animated series *What If...?* (2021).
Lae City F.C.

**Lae City Football Club** is a Papua New Guinean professional soccer club based in Lae. It was founded in 2014 and plays in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League (PNGNSL).

Lae City is the most successful soccer club in Papua New Guinea, having won the PNGNSL nine times. It is one of only two clubs to have ever won the PNGNSL, the other being Hekari United who won the first eight PNGNSL titles before Lae City won their first title in 2015 and have won every season since.

## References
Lae

**Lae** () is the capital of Morobe Province and the second-largest city in Papua New Guinea.

## References
Madang F.C.

**Madang Football Club** was a Papua New Guinean professional soccer club based in Madang. It played in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League (PNGNSL).

The club was founded in 2006 and was one of the five founding members of the PNGNSL. In 2019, the club folded and merged with the Tusbab Stallions. Although it never won the PNGNSL, it finished second twice.

## References
Darryl Worley

**Darryl Wade Worley** (born October 31, 1964) is an American country music singer and songwriter.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* ''Hard Rain Don't Last* (2000)
* *I Miss My Friend* (2002)
* *Darryl Worley* (2004)
* *Here and Now* (2006)
* *Sounds Like Life'' (2009)

## Other websites
* Official Site
April, April!

***April, April!*** is a 1935 German comedy movie directed by first time director Douglas Sirk. It stars Albrecht Schoenhals, Carola Höhn, Erhard Siedel, Lina Carstens, Charlott Daudert, Hubert von Meyerinck, Werner Finck and Hilde Schneider.

## Other websites
*
Watazumi Shrine

**Watazumi Shrine** (和多都美神社) is a shinto shrine on Tsushima Island in Japan. But in January 2020 they banned tourists because South Korean tourists did bad things.

In 2020 it was damaged by a typhoon and Ghost of Tsushima fans helped raise money to repair it.

It is sometimes called also known as '''Watatsumi Shrine
 
The campaign reached its goal quickly. This goal was 5 million yen. It was reached by December 1, 2020. The campaign ended on January 10, 2021. It raised 27,103,882 yen. This is about $260,435 United States dollars. Many donors were fans of the "Ghost of Tsushima" game.
 
People planned to start fixing the shrine in April 2021, and to finish by August 2021. People planned a stone monument. It would list the names of those who donated at least 10,000 yen. Some people were afraid workers would get sick from COVID-19.
 
## In popular culture 
In the game "Ghost of Tsushima," there is a similar shrine. It is called the Scarlet Rock Shrine. The real shrine is dedicated to two gods, Hikohohodemi no Mikoto and Toyotamabime. The game's shrine is dedicated to Tsukuyomi.

## Related pages
*Kaijin Shrine
*Watatsumi Shrine
*Mihashira Torii

## References
Lalit Prabhakar

**Lalit Prabhakar** is an Indian film, television and theatre actor predominantly working in the Marathi film industry. He is best known for his role as Aditya Desai on the popular daily soap *Julun Yeti Reshimgathi* and his debut film as main actor in the film *Chi Va Chi Sau Ka*.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Gujjar Singh Bhangi

Sardar **Gujjar Singh Bhangi** (died early 1790) was a Sikh warrior and one of the triumvirates who ruled over Lahore prior to the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

## References
Rishabh Shukla

**Rishabh Shukla** (*R̥ṣabha Śuklā*) is an Indian film and television actor and a voice-dubbing artist, who speaks Hindi as his mother tongue language. On television he is most known for his role of Maharaj Shantanu in *Mahabharat* (TV series) (1988–1990)

## Related pages 
* Dubbing (filmmaking)
* List of Indian dubbing artists

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Nirmal Chettri

**Nirmal Chettri** (born 21 October 1990 in Melli, Sikkim) is an Indian footballer who plays mainly as a defender and last played for Southern Samity in the Calcutta Football League.

## References
Sai Bennett

**Sai Naomi Bennett** (born 30 May 1990) is an English actress and model. She began her career in modeling and gained prominence through her roles in the film *The Face of an Angel* (2014) and the ITV period drama *Mr Selfridge* (2014–2015). She has since appeared in the Starz series *The Spanish Princess* (2020).

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Sai Bennett at Curtis Brown
Jo Vermast

**Jo Vermast** (born 29 September 1981 in Ostend) is a Belgium football midfielder who currently plays for KV Kortrijk. He joined MVV in 2007, he came from K.V. Kortrijk.

## Other Website 
* Guardian Football
Neha Bhasin

**Neha Bhasin** (born 18 November 1982) is an Indian singer and songwriter. She is known for her playback work in Bollywood, Tollywood, Kollywood and independent songs in the genre of Indian pop and punjabi folk music. Bhasin has received seven Filmfare nominations across different languages and won two Filmfare Awards for her songs ‘‘Jag Ghoomeya’’ (Hindi) and ‘‘Paani Ravi Da’’ (Punjabi).

## References
Shashikala Kakodkar

**Shashikala Kakodkar** (7 January 1935 – 28 October 2016), popularly known as ***Tai***; ), was a prominent leader of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (MGP). She served as the Chief Minister of Goa, Daman and Diu on two occasions, and also was the President of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party.

## References
Hekari United F.C.

**Hekari United Football Club** is a Papua New Guinean professional men's soccer club based in Port Moresby. It was founded in 2006 and plays in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League (PNGNSL).

Hekari United is one of two clubs that has won the PNGNSL, the other being Lae City. Hekari United has won the PNGNSL eight times, while Lae City has won it nine times.

Hekari United one of two Oceanian clubs outside Australia and New Zealand to have both won the OFC Champions League and to have played in the FIFA Club World Cup, both in 2010. The only other Oceanian club to have done this is Hienghène Sport, which plays in the New Caledonia Super Ligue.

## References
Hawkeye (Kate Bishop)

**Hawkeye** (**Katherine Elizabeth  Bishop**) is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Allan Heinberg and artist Jim Cheung, and first appeared in *Young Avengers* #1 (April 2005). 

## Fictional character biography 
She was a regular civilian, with considerable archery skills, who happened to cross paths with the Young Avengers on a mission, eventually inviting herself onto the team. She became Barton's protégé and they both operates under **Hawkeye** name simultaneously.

## In other media 
The character is played by singer and actress Hailee Steinfeld in the Marvel Cinematice Universe (MCU) miniseries, *Hawkeye* (2021) and a cameo appearance in *The Marvels* (2023).
Goutam Deb

**Goutam Deb** (born 6 January 1957) is an Indian Politician currently serving as the Mayor https://siliguritimes.com/goutam-deb-takes-oath-as-mayor-of-siliguri-municipal-corporation/ of Siliguri Municipal Corporation. He was a Cabinet Minister of Department of Tourism in the Government of West Bengal from 2016 to 2021. He also served as the Minister of North Bengal Development, a newly formed department in 2011 by Mamata Banerjee, the first woman Chief Minister of West Bengal.

## References
Black Widow (Marvel Comics)

**Black Widow** is the name of several fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Most of these versions exist in Marvel's main shared universe, known as the Marvel Universe.

The most notable characters who have assumed the mantle of Black Widow over the years are **Claire Voyant**, **Natasha Romanova**, and **Yelena Belova**; as well as some alternative versions. The character has been associated with several superhero teams such as the Avengers, the Defenders, the Champions, S.H.I.E.L.D., and the Thunderbolts.

## Fictional character biographies 
### Claire Voyant 
She was one of the superheroes who fought in World War II. Claire was a spirit medium who communicated with the dead. She was possessed by Satan while having a seance with the Wagler family. During the seance a curse was place on the family then died in a car crash. One of the survivors James Wagler went to Claire's apartment and shot her in her apartment. Her soul went to hell Satan gives Claire mystical powers and sends back to earth to avenge her death. After killing James Wagler Claire became tasked to kill evil men and send their souls to hell.

### Natasha Romanova 
She is a highly trained and former Russian spy, who was originally an antagonist of Iron Man and other heroes. Eventually becoming a superheroine, she defected to the United States and became the partner of Captain America, Daredevil, Winter Soldier and Hawkeye. In addition, Black Widow became an agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. and later the superhero group, the Avengers, where she also acted as a co-leader during the Onslaught saga. Since her tenure as a superhero and adventurer, she has been a member of numerous groups, such as the Lady Liberators, Marvel Knights, Mighty Avengers, Champions of Los Angeles, and the Posse.

### Yelena Belova 
She is depicted as a spy and was the second modern-era character to use the Black Widow name. She first appeared in Inhumans #5 and was created by Devin Grayson and J.G.

## Alternative universe versions 
### Monica Chang 
She is the second character to use the Black Widow codename in the Ultimate Marvel continuity, debuting in *Ultimate Comics: Avengers* #3.

### Jessica Drew 
The Ultimate version of Jessica Drew is a female Spider-Clone who uses by the Black Widow alias.

### Black Widow 2099 
The futuristic 2099 version of Black Widow is an African-American woman named **Tania**. She operates as part of the Avengers 2099 at the Alchemax corporation's behest. Like black widow spiders, she literally eats her mates after having sex with them.

## In other media 
The character has been adapted to different forms of media, such as television series, movies, video games, and action figures. In live-action, she has been portrayed by actresses Scarlet Johansson, Florence Pugh, and Shira Haas, set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).
Hawkeye (Clint Barton)

**Hawkeye** (**Clinton Francis  Barton**) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. 

## Publication history 
The character was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Don Heck, and first appeared in *Tales of Suspense* #57 (September 1964). He is the first character to take on the mantle of **Hawkeye**. 

## Fictional character biography 
He a former circus worker and criminal-turned-hero, who received his archery skills as a young boy through training with Swordsman and Trickshot. Barton had eventually joined both the East Coast and West Coast branches of the Avengers, even leading at one time.

## In other media 
The character has appeared in television series, action figures, and video games. In live-action, Clint Barton is played by actor Jeremy Renner in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) franchise.
Feldhues Group

**Feldhues Fun Foods GmbH** is a German-Irish meat making and packing company. Their meat contains printed pictures of characters which can be requested by a customer.

## History 
They were found in the 1960s by Bernhard Feldhues. They opened in the town of Metelen in 1978. Billy Roll was introduced in 1986 at IFFA in Frankfurt and Billy Bear was given to the public. Happy Tractor and Happy Fox were added to their product family in 2017. The meat is made in Monaghan at their factory in Ireland.

In 2005, Greencore bought the company but did not show much interest in it. The machinery was later sold.

Pictures of the meat was posted on Reddit. They are called "face meats” and Billy Roll became known as “meat clown".

## Other websites 
* Official website

## References
Gyan Chand Jain

**Gyan Chand Jain** (1923-2007) was an Indian writer and scholar of Urdu literature.  Born in 1923 at Seohara of Bijnore district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, Jain was known for his scholarship on Ghalib literature. 

## References 
## Other Website 
* 
*
Yelena Belova

**Yelena Belova** (Russian: Еле́на Бело́ва) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Originally created by Devin Grayson and J.G. Jones for *Marvel Knights: Wave 2 Sketchbook* #1 (January 1998), Belova made her first appearance in *Inhumans* vol. 2 #5 (January 1999) by Paul Jenkins and Jae Lee. 

## Fictional character biography 
She is depicted as a spy and was the second modern-era character to use the **Black Widow** name. She was trained as a spy and assassin in the Red Room. Originally, Yelena was a foe of Natasha Romanova and was sent to kill her, but the two later became allies. She was also a member of S.H.I.E.L.D., Vanguard, and HYDRA; the latter organization changed her into a version of **Super-Adaptoid**. As Super-Adaptoid, she was one of the members of the High Council of A.I.M. After being freed from her Super-Adaptoid identity, Belova reverted back to her old Black Widow identity before adopting the codename **White Widow**.

## In other media 
Florence Pugh portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movies *Black Widow* (2021), *Thunderbolts** (2025), and the upcoming movie *Avengers: Doomsday* (2026), as well as in the miniseries *Hawkeye* (2021).
Anton Cargnelli

**Anton Cargnelli** (1 February  1889 - 27 June 1974 ) was an Austrian football player and football coach. He won the Austrian championship once with Wiener AF in the 1913-14 season. He also played one match for the Austrian national football team As coach he won the Scudetto, the Italian championship, with FC Torino in 1928 and 1940 with Ambrosiana-Inter. 
## Career
He was the son of an Italian father and grew up in Vienna. Cargnelli started playing football in the Rennweger SV youth team in 1901. He came to SC Germania Schwechat via AC Viktoria Wien. He played there as forward. In 1910 he joined the newly founded Wiener AF. There he now played as defender. In the 1913/14 Cargnelli's team won the championship. In the following season, the WAF reached second place in the championship, which was overclouded by the beginning of the  war.

In 1919 he returned to the Germania Schwechat. He again played as a striker . At the same time Cargnelli took over the training of all the teams. In 1921 he ended his active career.
## International
In May 1909, Cargnelli played his only game in the Austrian national team in a 1-1 draw against Hungary in Budapest. He was in the forward line with Karl Beck.

## Manager
After he had already worked as a player-coach at the end of his playing career, he took a coaching career. He first took sports science courses in Germany . Then he took coaching positions in Cologne, Idar-Oberstein and Dortmund. For half a season he trained  SK Admira WienThen he coached FC Mühlburg  in 1924/25. This was followed by a year in Romania. He then moved to Italy, where he spent the rest of his coaching career.

His first stop was FC Torino, with whom he was able to win the championship title in 1928. In 1929 the Turin team lost in the final to AGC Bologna. After the introduction of Serie A, Cargnelli moved to the second division club US Palermo for three seasons. This was followed by working for US Foggia and AS Bari. In 1934 he returned to Torino. Two more years in Bari followed before Cargnelli accepted an offer from Milan and moved to Ambrosiana. There he won the Italian Cup with his team in 1939 and became Italian champions the following year with players .

During the war years he again looked after Torino. Hee was runner-up once and was involved in building the team that would later become famous as Grande Torino. After the end of the war, Cargnelli spent two more seasons at Lazio and Bologna before Cargnelli ended his career at third division club US Alessandria Calcio.
## References
Blue Beetle (Dan Garrett)

**Dan Garret**, or **Dan Garrett** is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Fox Comics, Holyoke Publishing, Charlton Comics, and DC Comics. The character was created by Charles Nicholas, first appearing in the Fox publication *Mystery Men Comics* #1 (1939). He was the first **Blue Beetle** during the Golden Age. He was a vigilante who got powers using Vitamin 2X, and fought crime with a sidekick named Sparky. Charlton Comics reimagined him as **Dan Garrett** in the Silver Age. He is portrayed as an archaeologist who gains powers from a Blue Beetle Scarab found in Egypt. His student and successor is Ted Kord, although Jaime Reyes is the next to use the Scarab.