open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bain Capital

**Bain Capital, LP** is an American investment company based in Boston, Massachusetts. It manages about $185 billion in assets. Founded in 1984 by partners from Bain & Company, it invests in many areas, such as private equity, venture capital, real estate, technology, and life sciences. Bain Capital has offices worldwide in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

Since it started, Bain Capital has invested in many companies, including AMC Theatres, Burger King, Domino's Pizza, Guitar Center, HCA, Sealy, Toys "R" Us, and Warner Music Group. Bain Capital has gained attention for its business strategies, especially during co-founder Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign.

In 2023, Bain Capital was ranked 13th in the world by Private Equity International for its size among private equity firms.

## History 
Bain Capital was started in 1984 by Mitt Romney, T. Coleman Andrews III, and Eric Kriss, who worked at Bain & Company. They applied consulting ideas to investing and growing companies. Romney was the president and later CEO, and he held many roles at the firm in its early years.

## References
Heaven 17

**Heaven 17** are an English synth-pop band formed in Sheffield in 1980. The band were a trio for most of their career, composed of founding Human League members Martyn Ware (keyboards, drum machine, vocals) and Ian Craig Marsh (keyboards) with vocalist Glenn Gregory.

Although most of their music was recorded in the 1980s, they have occasionally reformed, and played their first live concerts in 1997.

 (keyboards), Glenn Gregory (vocals)]]
Reese's Peanut Butter Cups

'''Reese's Peanut Butter Cups''' are an American candy by the Hershey Company consisting of a peanut butter filling encased in chocolate. They were created on November 15, 1928, by H. B. Reese, a former dairy farmer and shipping foreman for Milton S. Hershey. Reese was let go from his job with Hershey when the Round Barn which he managed was shut down for cost-saving measures. He subsequently decided to start his own candy business. Reese's are a top-selling candy brand worldwide, with $3.1 billion in annual sales as of 2024.

## References
Fado

**Fado** is a music genre which can be traced to the 1820s in Lisbon, Portugal, but probably has much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar Rui Vieira Nery states that "the only reliable information on the history of fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best. But even that information was frequently modified within the generational transmission process that made it reach us today."

## History 
Born in the popular contexts of the 1800s Lisbon, Fado was present in convivial and leisure moments. Happening spontaneously, its execution took place indoors or outdoors, in gardens, bullfights, retreats, streets and alley, taverns, cafés de camareiras and casas de meia-porta.
Soap on a rope

**Soap on a rope** is a type of soap that is attached to a cord or rope. The cord makes it easy to hang or carry the soap. The soap is typically used in the shower or bath. The rope helps to prevent the soap from slipping or getting lost.

Soap on a rope was invented in the late 1940s after soap makers realized they could mold soap around any object.

## References
Michael Hübner

**Michael Hübner** (8 April 1959 – 12 November 2024) was a German professional sprint track cyclist. He became a world champion in sprint, Keirin, and team sprint. Hübner was born in Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany. 

Hübner died at a hospital in Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany from a short-illness on 12 November 2024, at the age of 65.

## References
Luis Ernesto Tapia

**Luis Ernesto Tapia Pérez** (21 October 1944 – 13 November 2024) was a Panamanian football forward player. Tapia made 77 appearances for the Panama national football team between 1963 and 1979.

Tapia died from a heart attack in Panama City, Panama on 13 November 2024, at the age of 80.

## References
Don Gaetz

**Donald Jay Gaetz** ( ; born January 22, 1948) is an American businessman and Republican politician. He is a member of the Florida State Senate since 2024. He was a member before from 2006 to 2016. He was Senate president from 2012 to 2014. 

Gaetz was elected back to 1st Senate district in the 2024 election. He is the father of former Congressman Matt Gaetz.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tim Uppal

**Tim Uppal** (born November 14, 1974) is a Canadian politician, banker, and former radio host. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Edmonton Mill Woods. Before this, he was the Conservative MP for Edmonton—Sherwood Park from 2008 to 2015. On July 15, 2013, Uppal changed roles from Minister of State for Democratic Reform to Minister of State for Multiculturalism.

Uppal's original riding was removed before the 2015 election, so he decided to run in the new riding of Edmonton Mill Woods. He lost to the Liberal candidate Amarjeet Sohi in 2015 but won the seat back from Sohi in the 2019 election. Uppal was re-elected in 2021.

In 2022, Uppal was made Deputy Leader of the Opposition and Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party.

## Early life 
Uppal was born on November 14, 1974, in New Westminster, British Columbia, and grew up in Edmonton, Alberta. His family were Sikh immigrants from Punjab, India. From 1992 to 1997, he hosted a radio show on CKER in Edmonton. In 2004, he became a mortgage manager at TD Canada Trust. Uppal founded the South Edmonton Youth Group and has been part of the Capital Health Community Health Council since 2001. He was active in the Sherwood Park Chamber of Commerce, Sherwood Park Rotary Club, and helped start the Edmonton Police Community Advisory Council.

## Member of parliament 
In the 2000 federal election, Uppal ran for the Canadian Alliance in Edmonton Southeast, narrowly losing by under 5,000 votes. He ran again in 2004, losing by just 134 votes. In 2008, he won the Edmonton–Sherwood Park seat, becoming an MP for Alberta.

In 2011, Uppal became Minister of State for Democratic Reform, making him the first turban-wearing Sikh in Canada’s cabinet. He worked on adjusting federal riding borders to balance populations. In 2013, he became Minister of State for Multiculturalism in a cabinet shuffle.

## References
Mokhtar Ould Djay

**Mokhtar Ould Djay** (born 28 December 1973) is a Mauritanian politician. He has been the prime minister of Mauritania since 2 August 2024. 

## References
The Boss Baby (franchise)

***The Boss Baby*** is a media franchise made by DreamWorks Animation, loosely based on the 2010 picture book of the same name by Marla Frazee. The franchise began with the 2017 film *The Boss Baby* and has since grown to include a 2021 sequel, *Family Business*; two television series, *Back in Business* (2018–2020) and *Back in the Crib* (2022–2023); two short films; and a 2020 interactive special, with a third film in active development.

The franchise's inciting incident is the birth of the titular character, later known as Ted, who arrives at 7-year-old Tim's home in a taxi, wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase, the series' timeline spanning to focus on a now 37-year-old Tim's daughters, the 7-year-old Tabitha and new Boss Baby Tina.

## Movies
* *The Boss Baby* (2017)
* *The Boss Baby: Family Business* (2021)

## Television specials
* *The Boss Baby: Get That Baby!* (2020)
* *The Boss Baby: Christmas Bonus* (2022)

## TV Series
* *The Boss Baby: Back in Business* (2018-2020)
* *The Boss Baby: Back in the Crib* (2022-2023)

## References
Robinah Nabbanja

**Robinah Nabbanja** (born 17 December 1969) is a Ugandan educator and politician who serves as the Prime Minister of Uganda since 2021. She is the first female prime minister of Uganda.

Before, she was the State Minister of Health for General Duties between 14 December 2019 until 3 May 2021.

She is also a Member of Parliament for Kakumiro District Women Constituency since 2016.

## References
Dołęga coat of arms

The **Dołęga coat of arms** is one of the traditional Polish heraldic symbols used by several szlachta (noble) families of Poland. Originating in the 14th century, this coat of arms is associated with Polish families who served in the military and contributed to the development of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

## Heraldic description 
The Dołęga coat of arms features a blue shield with a distinctive symbol: a horseshoe set with the points facing downward, with a cross in the middle. Above the horseshoe, a knight's cross is often depicted, symbolizing strength and faith. The crest typically includes a silver knight’s arm in armor holding a sword, emerging from the helmet.

## Symbolism 
The horseshoe in Polish heraldry is a common symbol, often representing good fortune and protection. The cross symbolizes faith and sacrifice, values that were highly regarded among the Polish nobility. The sword or arm in the crest represents the military prowess of those who bore this coat of arms.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Heraldry of Poland - Dołęga
1944-45 Austrian football championship

The **Gauliga Donau-Alpenland 1944/45** was the seventh season of the Gauliga Donau-Alpenland in annexed Austria. Due to the war, a championship with exclusively Viennese clubs took place. SC Rapid Oberlaa, who failed in the promotion game, took SK Amateure Steyr's place. Due to the course of the war, the championships were gradually stopped in all classes. The Gauliga was limited to nine games in the fall of 1944, after which the championship could not be continued due to the war. 

## Table (status when the competition was canceled)  
## Matches 
### Round 1
### Round 2
### Round 3
### Round 4
### Round 5
### Round 6
### Round 7
### Round 8
### Round 9
### Round 10
### Round 11
### Round 12
## References
Seymour Cray

**Seymour Roger Cray** (September 28, 1925&nbsp;– October 5, 1996) was an American electrical engineer and supercomputer architect. He founded Cray Research. He was called "the father of supercomputing". He was known for creating the supercomputer business. 

Cray was critically hurt in a car accident caused near the Air Force Academy in Colorado. He died of his injuries on October 5, 1996 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, two weeks after the accident and one week after his 71st birthday.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Seymour Cray Oral History
* What's All This About Gallium Arsenide? — keynote lecture by Seymour Cray, recorded on November 15, 1988, at Supercomputing '88 in Orlando, FL, University Video Communications
* An Imaginary Tour of a Biological Computer (Why Computer Professionals and Molecular Biologists Should Start Collaborating): Remarks of Seymour Cray to the Shannon Center for Advanced Studies, University of Virginia, May 30, 1996
Trump Unyielding

***Trump Unyielding: The Quest for America’s 47th Presidency*** is a 2024  biography book about Donald J. Trump by Newton Isaac.The book was released on November 6, 2024, after Trump was elected as the 47th President of the United States. The book tells the story of Trump’s life from birth. business journey and political career. It begins with his early years in Queens, New York, and follows his rise as a businessman and real estate developer. It then explains his entry into politics, his time as the 45th president, his loss in the 2020 election, and his return to office in 2024. The book also talks about events between his presidencies, including claims that he acted as a “shadow president” while Joe Biden was in office.

Other topics in the book include two reported assassination attempts during his 2024 campaign and his connections with well-known public figures such as Elon Musk. The book ends with a look at Trump’s legacy and the awards and honors he has received.

## Synopsis 
The book contains 14 chapters extending across 414 pages, documenting Donald Trump's life and political career. It covers key events from his birth in Queens to his inheritance of the Trump business empire, and his rise as a real estate mogul, diversification into other sectors, financial recovery after bankruptcies, and transition into politics. The narrative follows his election as the 45th president, subsequent loss to Biden, and claims of operating as a “shadow president” in Florida White Housebefore his eventual return as the 47th President.

The book also discusses two assassination attempts during his campaign and analysises Trump's alliance with public figures such Elon Musk. It concludes with an overview of his literary legacy and honors received over five decades.

Several East African media outlets including Observer Uganda, Nile Post, Red Pepper, and The Independent also referenced the book within the broader context of regional political discourse. However, as of June 2025, no major Western critical reviews had been published.

## References
Illinois's 3rd congressional district

'''Illinois's 3rd congressional district''' includes parts of Cook County and DuPage County, and has been represented by Democrat Delia Ramirez since January 3, 2023. 

The district was represented by Marie Newman from 2021 to 2023, Dan Lipinski from 2005 to 2021, and by Lipinski's father Bill from 1983 to 2005.

The district includes the western and southwestern suburbs of Chicago. It covers , making it one of the 50 smallest districts in the U.S., although there are five smaller districts in Illinois. The district was created in 1833, five months before Chicago became a town. 

## References
Harold Washington College

**Harold Washington College** is a community college, part of the City Colleges of Chicago system of the City of Chicago, in Illinois, United States. It is in the downtown "Loop" area of the city. It was founded in 1962 as **Loop College**. The college was renamed for the first African American to be elected Mayor of Chicago, Harold Washington.

## References
City Colleges of Chicago

The **City Colleges of Chicago** is the public community college system of the Chicago area. Its colleges offer associate degrees, certificates, free courses for the GED, and free English as a second language (ESL) courses. 

## References
Wilbur Wright College

**Wilbur Wright College**, also known as **Wright Junior College**, is a public community college in Chicago. It is part of the City Colleges of Chicago system. It offers two-year associate's degrees. They also offer training in IT, manufacturing, medical, cyber tech, and business fields. Its main campus is located on Chicago's Northwest Side in the Dunning neighborhood.

## References
Associate degree

An **Associate Degree** or '''Associate's degree''' is an Undergraduate Degree given after a course of post-secondary study lasting two to three years. It is above a High school Diploma and below a Bachelor's Degree.

The first associate degrees were awarded in the United Kingdom during the 19th century before the model spread to the United States and later the Soviet Union in the 20th century. It is commonly offered by community colleges, technical institutes, and some universities. The qualification was also introduced in Australia, New Zealand, and several European Union countries during the 2000s.

Australia  along with New Zealand in 2000s and European Union countries.

## References
Malcolm X College

**Malcolm X College**, one of the City Colleges of Chicago, is a two-year college located on the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois. It was founded as **Crane Junior College** in 1911 and was the first of the City Colleges. 

Malcolm X College works with healthcare and business partners to give students an education mainly in the healthcare field.

## References
Lewis Walpole Library

The **Lewis Walpole Library** is a research library affiliated with Yale University. It is in Farmington, Connecticut. It was founded in 1917. The library is dedicated to the study of eighteenth-century British culture and history. It has one of the most extensive collections of materials related to the period, including books, manuscripts, prints, and drawings.

## History 
The Lewis Walpole Library was founded by W.S. Lewis. Lewis was a Yale alumnus. He collected of things related to the British writer Horace Walpole. Lewis acquired thousands of items from the eighteenth century, focusing on Walpole’s writings, correspondence, and artworks. After Lewis's death, his collection went to Yale University. Yale established the Lewis Walpole Library as part of its library system.

## Collections 
* Extensive manuscripts and letters by Horace Walpole
* Rare books and pamphlets from the eighteenth century
* A significant collection of British satirical prints and caricatures
* Original drawings and illustrations from notable artists of the period

## Facilities 
The library is in a historic building in Farmington, Connecticut. It has reading rooms, study areas, and exhibition spaces. The facility includes period-specific decor that complements the library's mission of preserving and showcasing eighteenth-century artifacts.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website of the Lewis Walpole Library
* Yale University Digital Collections
Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis

**Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis** (June 29, 1895 – October 7, 1979) was an American scholar, collector, and the preeminent authority on the English writer and politician Horace Walpole. Known as W.S. Lewis, he dedicated much of his life to collecting Walpole's writings, letters, and related artifacts, ultimately founding the Lewis Walpole Library at Yale University in Farmington, Connecticut.

## Early Life and Education 
Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis was born on June 29, 1895, in Alameda, California. He attended Yale University, where he became enamored with eighteenth-century British history and literature, with a particular interest in Horace Walpole. He graduated in 1918 and later pursued a lifelong interest in Walpole’s work and the cultural milieu of eighteenth-century Britain.

## Career 
Lewis began his career as an author and editor, contributing to various publications. However, his major scholarly work focused on Horace Walpole, an English writer, art historian, and antiquarian best known for his correspondence and his Gothic novel *The Castle of Otranto*. Lewis’s research led him to collect a vast archive of Walpole's letters, manuscripts, and other materials, which he meticulously organized and annotated over the years.

## The Lewis Walpole Library 
In 1917, Lewis began collecting Walpole materials, which grew into one of the most extensive collections of eighteenth-century British history in the world. In 1930, he and his wife, Annie Burr Auchincloss Lewis, established their residence in Farmington, Connecticut, where he continued expanding the collection.

Lewis ultimately donated his collection to Yale University, leading to the establishment of the Lewis Walpole Library. Today, the library remains a renowned research center for the study of eighteenth-century Britain, housing over 45,000 volumes and 300,000 prints, drawings, and manuscripts.

## Publications 
Throughout his career, W.S. Lewis published numerous works related to Horace Walpole and his era. His most significant contribution was editing and publishing ''The Yale Edition of Horace Walpole's Correspondence,'' a comprehensive 48-volume set that documented Walpole's extensive letters.

### Selected Works 
* ''The Yale Edition of Horace Walpole's Correspondence* (48 volumes)
* *Collector’s Progress* – an autobiography detailing Lewis’s journey as a collector and scholar
* *Horace Walpole’s Library'' – a study on the organization and significance of Walpole's collection

## See Also 
* Lewis Walpole Library
* Horace Walpole
* Yale University Library

## References 
## Other websites 
* Lewis Walpole Library at Yale University
* Yale University Press
The Castle of Otranto

***The Castle of Otranto*** is a 1764 novel by English author Horace Walpole. It is considered the first Gothic novel and played a significant role in founding the Gothic fiction genre. Walpole published the novel initially under a pseudonym, claiming it was a translation of an Italian manuscript from 1529. The book combines supernatural elements, medieval settings, and themes of love, power, and betrayal, all of which became hallmarks of Gothic fiction.

## Background 
Walpole wrote *The Castle of Otranto* following a dream that inspired the novel's surreal and supernatural qualities. He sought to blend the realistic narrative style of the modern novel with elements of medieval romance and ancient drama, thus creating a new genre that incorporated elements of mystery, horror, and suspense.

Initially, Walpole published the book under the guise of a rediscovered manuscript by "William Marshal, Gent." It was presented as a piece of ancient literature, a common practice at the time for works that sought to evoke a sense of historical authenticity. However, in the book's second edition, Walpole admitted authorship, explaining his intentions to create "a work founded on imagination and improbable incidents."

## Plot Summary 
The story takes place in the castle of the Prince of Otranto, Manfred, who is desperate to secure his family’s legacy after the sudden death of his son, Conrad, crushed by a gigantic helmet on the morning of his wedding to the beautiful Isabella. Manfred, believing his family is cursed, decides to divorce his wife, Hippolita, and marry Isabella himself to produce an heir. However, supernatural events begin to unfold within the castle, including ghostly apparitions and moving portraits.

Isabella escapes Manfred’s advances and takes refuge in the castle’s labyrinthine passages. She is aided by a mysterious young man named Theodore, who becomes entangled in Manfred's quest for power. As the story progresses, it is revealed that the castle and the principality of Otranto are subject to an ancient prophecy foretelling the end of Manfred’s line. The novel culminates in tragic revelations and the ultimate fulfillment of the prophecy, resulting in Manfred’s downfall.

## Related pages 
* Gothic fiction
* Horace Walpole
* Gothic Revival architecture

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* British Library – The Castle of Otranto
* The Lewis Walpole Library
Gothic novel

The **Gothic novel** is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance, typically featuring haunted settings, supernatural events, and an atmosphere of mystery and suspense. Emerging in the 18th century, the Gothic novel became highly influential in shaping modern horror and dark romance literature. It often explores themes of power, isolation, family curses, and human psychology, particularly fear and obsession.

## Related pages 
* Gothic fiction
* Romanticism
* Horror fiction
* Gothic architecture
* Dark fantasy

## References 
## Other websites 
* British Library – Gothic literature 
* https://www.gu
Dark fantasy

**Dark fantasy** is a subgenre of fantasy literature that incorporates elements of horror and gothic fiction. It blends magical and supernatural elements with darker, often sinister themes. The atmosphere of dark fantasy typically includes a sense of foreboding, morally ambiguous characters, and settings that emphasize a bleak or ominous tone. This genre often explores themes of despair, corruption, and moral conflict, delving into the darker sides of humanity and the supernatural.

## Origins and Development 
The roots of dark fantasy can be traced back to the gothic novels of the 18th and 19th centuries, such as Mary Shelley's *Frankenstein* and Bram Stoker's *Dracula.* These combined supernatural elements with a darker, psychologically intense tone. 

In the early 20th century, writers such as H.P. Lovecraft and Robert E. Howard began incorporating these elements into fantasy fiction, giving rise to a genre that was distinctly darker and more introspective.

The term "dark fantasy" became popular in the mid-20th century to describe works that combined elements of horror with the fantastical. Notable early contributors include Clark Ashton Smith and Fritz Leiber. By the late 20th century, dark fantasy had become a prominent genre, with writers like Stephen King (*The Dark Tower*), Michael Moorcock (*Elric of Melniboné*), and George R.R. Martin (*A Song of Ice and Fire*) shaping its conventions.

## Influence 
Dark fantasy's influence extends to visual media as well, with films like ''Pan's Labyrinth* by Guillermo del Toro and video games like *Dark Souls'' embracing dark fantasy aesthetics and themes. The genre continues to evolve, blending elements from other subgenres and expanding its reach to audiences around the world.

## Related pages 
* Gothic fiction
* Horror fiction
* High fantasy

## Other websites 
* British Library – Gothic literature 
* Goodreads – Dark Fantasy
Clark Ashton Smith

**Clark Ashton Smith** (January 13, 1893 – August 14, 1961) was an American writer, poet, and artist best known for his contributions to the genres of horror fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and weird fiction. A contemporary of H.P. Lovecraft and Robert E. Howard, Smith was part of the "Weird Tales" circle, contributing to the literary movement known as weird fiction. His works often feature lush, evocative language and explore themes of cosmic horror, ancient civilizations, and the grotesque.

## Early life 
Smith was born on January 13, 1893, in Long Valley, California. A self-taught intellectual with an extensive literary background, Smith was known for his prodigious memory and quick learning abilities, which allowed him to read through the works of Edgar Allan Poe, Charles Baudelaire, and Arthur Machen from an early age. As a result of frail health, Smith spent much of his youth in isolation, which he devoted to reading and writing poetry. His early work was heavily influenced by his interest in French literature, decadent literature, and exotic, otherworldly settings.

## Artistic work 
In addition to his literary pursuits, Smith was also a sculptor and painter. His artwork, like his writing, often depicted strange creatures, alien landscapes, and scenes of horror and fantasy. Smith’s sculptures were primarily carved from stone, depicting bizarre forms and imaginary figures inspired by his fiction and poetry.

## Selected works 
* *The Dark Eidolon*
* *The City of the Singing Flame*
* *The Weird of Avoosl Wuthoqquan*
* *The Maze of the Enchanter*
* *The Empire of the Necromancers*

## Related pages 
* H.P. Lovecraft

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Eldritch Dark – Clark Ashton Smith website 
* The H.P. Lovecraft Archive
Biodata

**Biodata Information Technology AG** was a German company in the IT security sector. It was part of the New Economy and was based in Frankenberg (Eder).

## History 
In 1984, Tan Siekmann bought the Biodata limited liability company from his parents for one Deutschmark when he was 16. Under his leadership, Biodata made hardware for encrypting internet, phone, and satellite signals.

At first, Biodata made software for doctors and pharmacists. By the late 1980s, it started making network components, including the BioNet series for Atari-ST computers. In 1994, it developed the ISDN router called BIG ("Bionet Intelligent Gateway").

In 2000, Biodata went public on the Neuer Markt stock exchange. Its shares, initially priced at 45 euros, rose to 302 euros on the first day and peaked at 439 euros, giving Biodata a valuation over 2 billion euros.

After suffering a loss of 70 million euros in 2001, Biodata filed for bankruptcy in November, becoming the first company in the *Nemax 50* index to do so. In February 2002, a court began bankruptcy proceedings. Siekmann bought some assets back and started a new company, *Biodata Systems GmbH*, focusing on ISDN encryption.

In 2004, *Biodata Systems GmbH* filed for bankruptcy after failing to reach profitability and to secure a sale to an international company. Around this time, the company was accused of stealing software code. Siekmann later formed a new company, *Safe-Com GmbH & Co. KG*, at the family-owned Burg Lichtenfels.

In 2004, Siekmann and two other executives were charged with violating accounting rules and insider trading, but the case was dropped in 2009.

## References
Twin Battles of Debal

In 708 A.D Raja Dahir captured some Muslim Women sailing from Arab when Hajja came to know about it requested Raja Dahir to return the women, but Raja Dahir refused to do so. In response Hajja send Ubaidullah and Budail or Bazil to an Expedition of Sindh where they came into clash with Raja Dahir and his son Jaislah in which the arabs where defeated and both the commanders were killed.
## Background
A group of Muslim women traveled to visit the Kaabah and see the capital city of the Khalifahs. When they reached Kázrún, their boat was caught in a storm and drifted off course to Debal. There, a group of robbers from the Nagámrah tribe attacked, seized all eight boats, and took the valuable goods, including silks, jewels, and other property. They captured the people on board as well. The king's officers and the women explained that the items were meant for the Khalifah, but the robbers ignored them, saying, "If you want help, pay for your freedom." Everyone then cried out together.

When Hajjaj heard the women's cries for help, he responded, "Here I am." According to a tradition, when the women were asked what they meant by calling Hajjaj, they explained: "We were peacefully resting when we were suddenly attacked, so we called him to rescue us from the cruel people who had captured us."

Hajjaj sent a messenger to Dahir with a letter, instructing him to send a trusted officer along with the messenger. The letter contained a message for Muhammad Hárún about an incident. According to the Tárikh Massimi, Caliph Abdul Malik had sent a group of Syrian merchants on ships to India to buy female slaves and valuable items. On their return, they were attacked by pirates near the port of Debal. To punish the pirates, the Caliph ordered an army to be sent to Sind, but he died before it could be carried out. Under his successor, the mission began.

Hajjaj's letter to Dahir ordered him to release the Muslim women and return the gifts that were meant for the Caliph. He was also instructed to gather information about the women. Hajjaj signed the letter himself, adding strong threats to emphasize his command. When the letter reached Dáhar, his secretary, Wazil, read it aloud to him.

## Battle
Hajjāj used this incident as a reason to send an army to Sindh. However, the idea that this event started the conflict between the Arabs and Sindh is not accurate. As we have seen, the hostility had existed for a long time. The event at Debal only encouraged Hajjāj to make a bigger effort to conquer a region that had long resisted Islam. Initially, the Caliph was hesitant to approve the risky campaign, but after Hajjāj strongly urged him, he finally agreed. Hajjāj then sent 'Ubaidullah to raid Debal, but he was defeated and killed. A second attack was launched under Budail, who came by sea from Oman. Budail received reinforcements and marched toward Debal. He was met by Jaisimha, the son of Dahir, and a fierce battle took place that lasted all day. In the end, the Muslim army was defeated, and Budail was killed.

## References
Flag of Castile and León

The **flag of Castile and León**() is the official flag of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León. It consists of the quartered coats of arms of Castile, represented by a castle, and León, represented by a lion.

The flag has got four camps, up of red, a white, down of white and red quartering. It was adopted 4 May 2021.

## References
Linnahall

**Linnahall** is an abandoned monument in Tallinn, Estonia. Linnahall has been used for recording of Tenet, which allowed the building to have people inside of it. Not all sections are available, but you can now be inside of the building in some parts of it.

## References
Parish of Saint James Apostle, Tequixquiac

**Parish of Saint James Apostle** is a large Plateresque Catholic parish in Mexico and is found in Santiago Tequixquiac in Mexico (state).

## Priets
* Juan Pedro Juárez Meléndez

## Other websites
Russet potato

A russet potato is a type of potato that is large, with dark brown skin and few eyes. The flesh is white, dry, soft, and mealy, and it is suitable for baking, mashing, and french fries. 

## References
Ectopoglossus confusus

The **confusing rocket frog** or **confounding rocket frog** (*Ectopoglossus confusus*) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body
Scientists found one male frog. It was 21.7 mm long from nose to rear end and six female frogs were 23 - 26 mm long. The skin of the frog's back can look black or can look dark green, depending on the light.  It has light brown or bronze spots. There are stripes across the legs. There is some blue color on the front legs. The throat and belly are light blue in color. The iris of the eye is light bronze or green in color with a black pattern. The bottoms of the legs are gray-brown in color with some orange.

## Home
This frog is awake during the day. It lives near streams with clear water and rocks on hte bottom. It lives on mountains where 2000-4000 mm of rain falls each year. Scientists saw the frog between 600 and 1700 meters above sea level.

The frog lives in one protected park: Reserva Ecológica Los Ilinizas.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. Humans have cut down forests so that only small pieces of forest are left, and the frogs cannot move between those pieces easily.  Humans also cut down forests to get wood to build with, to make places for cows to eat grass, and to make farms. Scientists have seen the fungal disease chytridiomycosis near where the frog lives, but they are not sure if it has killed many of this frog or not.

## First paper
*

## References
Venice (video game)

***Venice*** is a Microsoft Windows puzzle game set in Venice and developed by Retro64 Games and PopCap Games.

## Gameplay 
The player moves a gondola that shoots treasure upward. The goal is to match each treasure with the slot that has the same shape. The slots are on plates on the side of a building. Plates come in varied shapes such as bars, circles, half-circles, T-shapes, and X-shapes.

When the level is completed, the player receives points for accuracy, speed and combos.

## Game modes 
The game includes four game modes:

* **Journey**: Basic gameplay
* **Flood**: An action mode in which the river level rises at a steady rate. Icons that splash in the water no longer cost the player.
* **Survival**: Flood mode, but a single building that never ends.
* **Trick shots**: Nothing but trick shots. The player is given a reward of 1,000 points for a successful trick shot, incrementing 1,000 points with each successful trick shot, and resetting to 1,000 after a failure.

There are a total of 72 buildings across eight neighborhoods.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official site
* PopCap official website
* Retro64 official website
Granaglione

**Granaglione** was a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Granaglione and Porretta Terme merged to form the new municipality of Alto Reno Terme.
Castiglione dei Pepoli

**Castiglione dei Pepoli** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy.

## References
MCB Bank

**MCB Bank Limited**  is a Pakistani multinational commercial bank which is based in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The Malaysian bank Maybank and the Pakistani conglomerate Nishat Group possess the majority of the shares. In order to explore foreign markets, the bank's management shortened its name from Muslim Commercial Bank Limited to MCB Bank Limited in 2005. However, they encountered opposition to obtaining a license, particularly from Western countries, because of the word "Muslim.

## History
MCB Bank was incorporated as Muslim Commercial Bank in July 1947. Director members from prominent Muslim commercial and industrial families, such as the Ispahani, Adamjee, Dada, Arag, and Amin Jute families, joined the founders, Adamjee Haji Dawood and M. A. Ispahani..

On April 6, 1991, the government sold 26 percent of MCB's shares to the National Group at PKR 56 per share, totaling PKR 838.8 million. 

In 2008, Maybank (Malaysia) declared that it had acquired somewhat more than 94 million common shares from the Nishat Group, acquiring 20% of the stock in MCB Bank Limited. The total value of this deal was MYR 2.17 billion, or US$686 million. Maybank paid 470 Pakistani rupees for each common share of MCB.. 

The network of Islamic banks had expanded to 34 branches by 2014. In light of the potential of the Islamic banking industry, the bank established a separate but fully owned subsidiary bank in 2015, which it called "MCB Islamic Bank Limited" or simply "MIB.

## References
Patrick Schwarzenegger

**Patrick Arnold Shriver Schwarzenegger** (born September 18, 1993) is an American actor and model. He is known for his roles in the television series *The Staircase* (2022) and *American Sports Story* (2024). He also played Luke Riordan/Golden Boy in the first season of *The Boys* spin-off series *Gen V*.

## Personal life
Schwarzenegger was born on September 18, 1993 in Santa Monica, California, and raised in Los Angeles, California. He is the oldest son of author and journalist Maria Shriver and Austrian-born bodybuilder, actor, and former Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Since 2015, he has been in a relationship with model Abby Champion. They announced their engagement in December 2023.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fahy-lès-Autrey

**Fahy-lès-Autrey** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.

## References
Vecuronium

**Vecuronium** is a medicine that relaxes muscles during surgery, or when a person needs a machine to help them breathe. It belongs to a group of drugs called skeletal muscle relaxants.

It is often used as part of general anesthesia. It makes it easier to put a tube down a person's throat to help them breathe. (This is called intubation.)

## References
3BM Television

**3BM Television** was an independent British television production company. It was founded in October 1995 by Jeremy Bennett, Simon Berthon, Marion Milne, and Malcolm Brinkworth. The company specialized in producing documentaries, focusing on historical, current affairs, popular science, and human interest topics.

## Notable Productions 
3BM Television was involved in producing several acclaimed documentaries and series:

# *Secrets of the Dead* series: The company produced episodes for this long-running documentary series, including "Catastrophe! Part 1: The Day the Sun Went Out," which aired on May 15, 2000.
# "The Berlin Airlift": A documentary produced by Jeremy Bennett and directed by Marion Milne.
# "Nuremberg: Goering's Last Stand": This production won the BAFTA Huw Wheldon award.
# "Secret History": A long-running documentary series for Channel 4.

## Key personnel 
Simon Berthon, one of the founding partners, served as the Chief Executive of 3BM Television. Berthon had a long career in the television industry, working as an executive producer, producer, director, and writer. He later became Vice-Chair of Directors UK from 2007-11.

## Acquisition 
In 2004, 3BM Television was acquired by Zinc Media, marking a significant change in its ownership and operational structure.

Throughout its existence, 3BM Television contributed significantly to the landscape of independent television production in the UK, particularly in the realm of factual programming and documentaries.

## References
Hydrocortisone

**Hydrocortisone** is a steroid medicine. When a person's immune system is overreacting, hydrocortisone can calm it. This can relieve pain, allergic reactions, itching, and inflammation.

Hydrocortisone is a synthetic version of cortisol, an important stress hormone made within the body. Some people's bodies do not make enough cortisol naturally. Hydrocortisone is a treatment for these people.

## Uses 
]]

### Skin problems 
Hydrocortisone cream, lotions, and ointments can treat many skin conditions, including:

* Eczema
* Dermatitis
*  caused by heat
* Sunburns
* Insect bites or stings
* Psoriasis
* Diaper rashes

### Painful joints 
Hydrocortisone injections can treat joints that are swollen and painful. They are used for conditions like arthritis, bursitis, and tennis elbow. They can relieve pain for months, or even up to a year.

### Other problems 
Hydrocortisone cream, spray, ointments, and suppositories (which are inserted into the rectum) can treat hemorrhoids.

The Mayo Clinic describes the many other uses of hydrocortisone:Hydrocortisone provides relief for inflamed areas of the body. It [treats] inflammation (swelling), severe allergies, adrenal problems, arthritis, blood or bone marrow problems, eye or vision problems, lung or breathing problems ([like] asthma), lupus, skin conditions, and ulcerative colitis.

## References
Mikala Münter

**Mikala Münter** (born 26 September 1968) is a Danish dressage rider. She has been racing for the United States since 2019. She was for Denmark at the 2014 World Equestrian Games. She was seventh place with the Danish team.

Münter has also been in the 2014 Dressage World Cup Final in Lyon, France. She was able to be at the World Cup Final after her other rider, Anna Kasprzak, had to go out. 

In April 2015, Gundersen has also been in another World Cup Final in Las Vegas, Nevada. The finals went from April 15 to April 19. Gundersen was ninth place.

Gunderson was at the 2015 European Dressage Championships in Aachen, Germany. She was eighth place.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Emma Tremblay

**Emma Tremblay** (born April 21, 2004) is a Canadian actress. Tremblay is known for her roles on the television series *Supergirl* and *Wayward Pines*, and the films *Elysium*, *The Giver*, and *The Judge*.
## Personal life
She is the elder sister of actor Jacob Tremblay.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
## References
## Other websites
*
Thomas E. Kurtz

**Thomas Eugene Kurtz** (February 22, 1928 – November 12, 2024) was an American computer scientist and educator. He was a Dartmouth professor of mathematics.

With John G. Kemeny, he helped make computers freely available to college students by creating the idea of time-sharing at Dartmouth College. He also co-developed the BASIC programming language (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) and the Dartmouth Time Sharing System during 1963 to 1964.

Kurtz died in Lebanon, New Hampshire, on November 12, 2024 from multiple organ failure caused by sepsis at the age of 96.

## References
Shel Talmy

**Sheldon Talmy** (August 11, 1937 – November 13, 2024) was an American record producer, songwriter, and arranger. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was best known for his work in the 1960s with the Who and the Kinks. He also helped produced "You Really Got Me" by the Kinks, "My Generation" by the Who, and "Friday on My Mind" by the Easybeats. 

Talmy died from problems caused by a stroke on November 13, 2024 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Shel Talmy official site
Kenney Jones

**Kenneth Thomas Jones** (born 16 September 1948) is an English drummer. He is best known for his work in the groups Small Faces, Faces and the Who. 

Kenney Jones was honoured into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 as a member of Small Faces/Faces.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Kenney Jones' Small Faces Charitable Trust
Kalambay Otepa

**Paul-Mohamed Kalambay Otepa** (12 November 1948 – 12 November 2024) was a Congolese football goalkeeper. He played for Zaire at the 1974 FIFA World Cup.

Otepa died on his 76th birthday in Kinshasa, DR Congo on 12 November 2024.

## References
Old Romanian

**Old Romanian** it as named the literary stage of Romanian language up to the publishing of Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae and it attested with the oldest preserved Romanian texts such as Neacșu's letter and the so-called Rhotacizing Texts.
During this period the first religious literary texts written in Romanian appear, followed by the first popular literary texts, and translations such as narratives *Varlaam şi Ioasaf*  and *Alexandria*. The period is characterized by the advent of the printed books and the almost exclusive use of the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet.

## Phonology
### Vowels 
Stressed  from Common Romanian developed into the vowel  in the pre-literary stage of the language. The Old Romanian vowel system which is preserved in the current stage of the language.  The asyllabic final sound [u]'s devoicing was not complete in Old Romanian.

### Consonants 
Old Romanian retained the consonants  and  from Common Romanian, but with a limited distribution, mainly in the Banat-Hunedoara-Oltenia part. It also had two consonants characterized as *intense*, after which the front vowels ,  underwent velarization.
 
 
## References
Kumaragupta's Deccan Campaign

During the end Regin of Kumaragupta, he formed alliance with Bhavadatta Varman of Nala Dynasty and collective attacked the Vakataka dynasty as an ally together invaded the Deccan and captured as deep as Nandivardhana and captured it.
## Invasion
The death of Pravarasena II may have triggered a succession struggle, with Narendrasena ultimately emerging as the victor. Vakataka inscriptions suggest that Narendrasena had to "regain the fortunes of his family" following an unspecified calamity, which many historians interpret as a reference to the aftermath of the succession conflict. However, A.S. Altekar proposes an alternative explanation, suggesting that the records actually describe an invasion by the Nala king Bhavadattavarman of Bastar and Kumaragupta of Gupta Empire, who were known to have advanced into Vidarbha and captured Nandivardhana, the former Vakataka capital.

## Aftermath
Soon after the combined Invasion of Nalas and Guptas, in 445 CE during the end of Kumaragupta's reign, Narendrasena was able to recapture his past captial driving away the Gupta and Nala troops.
## References
Georgia's 9th congressional district

'''Georgia's 9th congressional district''' is a congressional district in the north of the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is represented by  Republican Andrew Clyde. The district is mostly rural. It stretches into Hall (home to the district's largest city, Gainesville) and Gwinnett counties near Atlanta.

## References
Todd Blanche

**Todd Wallace Blanche** (; born August 6, 1974) is an American attorney and former prosecutor. Since 2025, he has been serving as the 40th United States deputy attorney general.

Blanche is best known for representing former U.S. president Donald Trump in the 2024 criminal trial in New York. On November 14, 2024, President-elect Trump announced that he planned to nominate Blanche to be deputy attorney general. He was confirmed to the post by the U.S. Senate on March 5, 2025 in a 52-46 vote.

## References
Trump v. United States (2024)

***Trump v. United States***, 603 U.S. 593 (2024), is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court found that presidential immunity from criminal prosecution protects all of a president's "official acts"with absolute immunity for official acts while they were president and that Congress cannot control such as the pardon or control of the executive branch. 

This case happened because of the ongoing federal case to see whether then-President Donald Trump who took part in election interference during the 2020 election, including events during the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol. It is the first time a case about criminal prosecution for alleged official acts of a president was brought before the Supreme Court. 

## References
Northeastern Illinois University

**Northeastern Illinois University** (**NEIU**) is a public university in Chicago, Illinois. NEIU has about 9,000 students. It is a Hispanic-serving college. The main campus is located in the community area of North Park.

## References
Agua fresca

* in Seattle. On the left is a jar of *agua de flor de Jamaica*, and on the right is horchata]]

***Aguas frescas**'' are light non-alcoholic drinks made from one or more fruits, cereals, flowers, or seeds mixed with sugar and water. They are popular in Mexico and some other Latin American countries, as well as parts of the United States. Some of the more common flavors are , , and .

## References