Zika fever

**Zika fever** is an illness caused by the Zika virus.  The Zika virus belongs to the genus *Flavivirus*, like dengue fever and chikungunya.

People who do have symptoms usually have a low fever, conjunctivitis, joint pain (mainly in the hands and feet), and a rash.  The rash often starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body. a birth defect that causes a baby to have a smaller head than usual.  This can cause intellectual disability and other problems in the brain, like seizures.  Because of this, in January 2016, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned pregnant women not to travel to Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela, or Puerto Rico, because of the risk of getting the Zika virus there.

In places where the Zika virus lives, people are more likely to have birth defects, neurological problems like Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune diseases.

## Diagnosis 
Diagnosing Zika fever is difficult for a few reasons.  First, Zika fever causes many of the same signs and symptoms as many other viruses.  

Second, special laboratory tests have to be done to prove that a person has Zika virus.  For example, when the virus is in a person's blood or urine, it can be found by using a special test that looks for the virus's RNA in the blood.  However, the Zika virus often does not stay in the blood for very long.  Also, because most people with the Zika virus have no symptoms, they do not know that they need to be tested.  Blood tests that look for specific antibodies (which the body sends out to fight the Zika virus) can also be done.  However, these tests are expensive and have to be done in special laboratories that do not exist everywhere.
* Dengue fever
* West Nile virus
* Chikungunya
* Malaria
* Rubella
* Measles
* Leptospirosis

## Transmission 
Humans get the Zika virus after being bitten by mosquitoes from the *Aedes* genus.  Mosquitoes pick up the Zika virus after they bite other animals that have the virus.

Zika virus can be passed from one person to another during sexual intercourse.  It can also be passed from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy.

## Prevention 
 while sleeping - is the best way to avoid getting the Zika virus]]
There is no vaccine for Zika virus, though the United States National Institutes of Health is trying to make one.
* Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants
* Use bug spray
* Stay and sleep in rooms that are protected by window and door screens, and that have air conditioning (if possible)
* Use a mosquito net when sleeping

## Treatment 
Today, there is no treatment or cure for Zika fever.  Medical professionals can only give "supportive care," which means they can only treat the virus's symptoms.  For example, they can give medicines to help with pain, fever, and itching.  Once a pregnant woman has the Zika virus, there is nothing anyone can do to keep her fetus from getting infected too.

## Epidemiology
Zika fever was first discovered in 1947, in a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest in Uganda.  The first human cases were reported in Nigeria in 1954.  A few outbreaks have been reported in tropical Africa and in some parts of Southeast Asia, but not India.  In 1977–1978, Zika virus caused fevers in Indonesia.

The first major outbreak happened in 2007 in Micronesia's Yap Islands.  185 people were proven to have the Zika virus.  This was the first time Zika fever had been reported outside Africa and Asia.  In 2013, another large outbreak happened in French Polynesia.  By November 2015, Zika fever had appeared in 14 states in Brazil.  Zika virus is thought to have caused 2,400 cases of microcephaly and 29 infant deaths in Brazil in 2015.

Since first appearing in the Western Hemisphere in February 2014, Zika fever has spread quickly throughout South America and Central America.  It appeared in Mexico in November 2015.

On January 24, 2016, the World Health Organization warned that the Zika virus is likely to spread to nearly all countries of the Americas.  This is likely since the mosquito that spreads the virus, *Aedes aegypti*, lives in all of the countries in the Americas, except for Canada and Chile.

On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization said that the Zika virus was a "public health emergency."  They also said the Zika virus was "spreading explosively" (very quickly), and that in the next year, as many as 3 million to 4 million people could get the virus.

## Related pages 
* *Flaviviruses*
* *Aedes* genus of mosquitoes
** *Aedes agypti*
* Infectious disease

## References