open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
List of English Football League managers

is currently the longest serving manager in English League football.]]
There are 92 association football teams in the top four tiers of English football. Each team has a manager or head coach. The Premier League and Football Leagues are the only fully professional football leagues in England. The Premier League has 20 clubs at the top of the English football league system. The other 72 clubs are split into the three divisions of the Football League: the Championship, League One, and League Two.

Some of these managers were chosen as caretaker managers before the main job. A caretaker's start date is written in italics. Some managers have had more than one time in charge at their current club, however their time as manager is counted from the date of their latest club. Only one manager has spent more than 10 years in his current job. This list includes every manager currently managing a club in the Premier League and The Football League, in order of the date that they took up their job.

## Managers
## Notes
‡ indicates player-manager

## References
## Other websites
*
Chris Squire

**Christopher Russell Edward** (known as **Chris Squire**; 4 March 1948 – 27 June 2015) was an English musician and singer-songwriter. He was best known as the bassist and founding member of the progressive rock band Yes. He was the only member to appear on each of their 21 studio albums, released from 1969 to 2014.

In May 2015, Squire announced a hiatus from Yes after he was diagnosed with acute erythroid leukemia. Squire died on 27 June at his home in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 67.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*1983 audio interview with Trevor Rabin, Alan White, Chris Squire, Jon Anderson, Rick Wakeman
2015 Clinton Correctional Facility escape

The **2015 Clinton Correctional Facility escape** took place on June 6, 2015, when two inmates were discovered missing during a 5:30&nbsp;a.m. bed check at the maximum security Clinton Correctional Facility in New York. The inmates were Richard Matt and David Sweat. Both men had been convicted of murder. Nearly three weeks later, Matt was found at Malone, New York, where he was shot and killed. Two days after that, Sweat was shot in Constable, New York and taken into custody.

## References
Wally Stanowski

**Walter Peter Stanowski** (April 28, 1919 – June 28, 2015) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Stanowski was the last surviving member of Maple Leafs 1942 and 1945 Stanley Cup team. He died on June 28, 2015.

## References
Todor Slavov

**Todor Slavov** (; 22 January 1984 – 28 June 2015) was a Bulgarian rally driver.

On 28 June 2015, Slavov was involved in a crash at Rally Tvarditsa-Elena. Soon after, he died of fatal injuries.

## References
Rhynie

in the distance]]
**Rhynie** () () is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is 14 miles northwest of Alford.

The Rhynie chert is named after the village, as well as the extinct plant genus Rhynia. The Rhynie chert is a sedimentary rock.  It was deposited during the Devonian period and contains the oldest fossil insect in the world.

The Station Hotel at Rhynie is mentioned as a joke in the sketch "The Will" by Scotland the What. The joke is that there is no railway station at Rhynie, "..but they were aye hopin' for one."

## History
Eight Pictish symbol stones have been found at Rhynie. These include the "Rhynie Man", discovered in 1978. It is a six foot tall boulder  with a bearded man carrying an axe. It may possibly be the Celtic god Esus.

The "Rhynie Man" now stands inside Woodhill House (the headquarters of the Aberdeenshire Council ) in Aberdeen.

In 2011, archaeological  at Rhynie, near the site of the "Rhynie Man", dug up a fortified settlement. It dates to the early medieval period.  Among the finds at the site were fragments of a late 5th or 6th century Roman amphora. It is the only known example of a Roman amphora from Eastern Britain that dates to the post-Roman period. This must have been imported from the Mediterranean region. It means that the inhabitants of the settlement must have been of high status.  Archaeologists have said that the settlement may have been a royal family site where Pictish kings lived.

## References
## Other websites 
* Rhynie in the *Gazetteer for Scotland*
Charles Pasqua

**Charles Pasqua** (18 April 1927 – 29 June 2015) was a French businessman and Gaullist politician. He was Interior Minister from 1986 to 1988, under Jacques Chirac's *cohabitation* government, and also from 1993 to 1995, under the government of Édouard Balladur.

## References
Conservative Political Action Conference

The **Conservative Political Action Conference** (**CPAC**;  ) is an annual political conference in National Harbor, Maryland attended by conservative activists and elected officials from across the United States.  CPAC is hosted by the American Conservative Union (ACU). More than 100 other organizations contribute in various ways.

In 2011, ACU took CPAC on the road with its first Regional CPAC in Orlando, Florida. Since then ACU has hosted regional CPACs in Chicago, Denver, St. Louis, and San Diego.

The conference was founded in 1973 by the American Conservative Union and Young Americans for Freedom as a small gathering of dedicated conservatives. Over the years it has grown to thousands of attendees annually. Roughly half of those in attendance in the past few years have been college-aged.

Speakers have included Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Pat Buchanan, Karl Rove, Newt Gingrich, Mitt Romney, Rush Limbaugh, Ann Coulter, Michele Bachmann, and other conservative public figures. Before, during, and after his presidency, Ronald Reagan spoke at CPAC a total of 12 times. In 2017, President Donald Trump spoke at the event.

## References
## Other websites
* CPAC Official site
* Home page for the American Conservative Union, the organization that runs CPAC
Special Olympics

**Special Olympics** is the world's largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. It provides year-round training and competitions to more than 4.4 million athletes in 193 countries. Special Olympics competitions are held every day, all around the world. This includes local, national, and regional competitions. Combined, they add up to more than 100,000 events a year.

These competitions include the Special Olympics World Games, which switch between summer and winter games. Special Olympics World Games are held every four years. The most recent World Games were the 2025 Special Olympics World Winter Games, held in Turin, Italy. They ran from March 8, 2025 to March 15, 2025. The Flame of Hope is the symbol of the Special Olympics.  This torch is lit in Athens, Greece, where it begins its journey to the World Games. Many people, including athletes and law enforcement, carry the flame in a relay to the host city. The torch stays lit until the end of the Games.

The next Special Olympics World Summer Games will happen in Santiago, Chile, in 2027.

## References
Silphium

shows a stalk of Silphium.]]
**Silphium** was a plant that was used in classical antiquity as a seasoning and as a medicine. It was used by most ancient Mediterranean cultures. The Romans considered it "worth its weight in denarii" (silver coins). Legend said that it was a gift from the god Apollo.

Which plant species silphium was is unclear. It is commonly believed to be a now-extinct plant of the genus *Ferula*.  The still-living plant species *Ferula tingitana* has been suggested as another possibility. Another resin from different *Ferula* species, asafoetida, was used as a cheaper substitute for silphium. Asafoetida is still available.

## References
## Further reading
* Herodotus. *The Histories*. II:161, 181, III:131, IV:150–65, 200–05.
* Pausanias. *Description of Greece* 3.16.1–3
* Pliny the Elder. *Natural History*. XIX:15 and XXII:100–06.
* 
* Theophrastus. *Enquiry into plants and minor works on odours and weather signs, with an English translation by Sir Arthur Hort, bart (1916)*. Volume 1 (Books I–V) and Volume 2 (Books VI–IX) Volume 2 includes the index, which lists silphium (Greek σιλϕιον) on page 476, column 2, 2nd entry.
Monster Hunter

is a video game series developed and published by Capcom. The games have the player hunt monsters and build new weapons and armour.

## List of games
### Main Series
**Monster Hunter*
**Monster Hunter 2*
**Monster Hunter Tri*
**Monster Hunter 4*
**Monster Hunter: World*
***Monster Hunter World: Icebone*
**Monster Hunter Rise*
### Freedom Series
**Monster Hunter Freedom*
**Monster Hunter Freedom 2*
***Monster Hunter Freedom Unite*
**Monster Hunter Portable 3rd*
### Frontier series
**Monster Hunter Frontier Online*
**Monster Hunter Frontier G*

### Stories Series
**Monster Hunter Stories*
**Monster Hunter Stories 2: Wings of Run*
### Other series
**Monster Hunter Generations*
**Monster Hunter Diary*
**Monster Hunter: Dynamic Hunting*
**Monster Hunter Orage*
**Monster Hunter* (2020)

## Other websites
* *Monster Hunter* official website for North America
*
Streets of Rage 2

***Streets of Rage 2*** is a beat 'em up video game. It was released on the Sega Mega Drive in the year 1992. The game was released in Japan as . In Europe it was d ***Streets of Rage II***.  It is the second game in the Streets of Rage series. 
The game has been praised for its soundtrack. 

It is the second game in the *Streets of Rage* series. It is a sequel to *Streets of Rage* (released in 1991) and it is followed by *Streets of Rage 3* (released in 1994).

## References
Jackson Vroman

**Jackson Vroman** (June 6, 1981 – June 29, 2015) was an American-born Lebanese professional basketball player. He was naturalized as a Lebanese citizen to play for the Lebanon national basketball team. He was the son of former NBA player Brett Vroman, who played briefly for the Utah Jazz in the 1980-81 NBA season.

## Biography 
Vroman was born in Laguna, California. He studied at Snow Community College in Ephraim, Utah and Iowa State University.

Jackson was a second-round draft pick of the Chicago Bulls in the 2004 NBA Draft. He played for the Phoenix Suns and the New Orleans Hornets/New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets.

Vroman was found dead in a swimming pool at his home in Los Angeles County, California on June 29, 2015, aged 34. His drowning is thought to have been an accident. 

## References
Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Chris Christie**, the 55th Governor of New Jersey, began on June 30, 2015 at an event in his hometown of Livingston, New Jersey. Christie was seen by many as a possible presidential candidate in the 2016 U.S. presidential race. He withdrew on February 10, 2016.

## Background
In January 2015, Christie formed a PAC to see if running for president was a good idea. The campaign's headquarters is in Trenton, New Jersey.

## References
Jaime Nebot

**Jaime José Nebot Saadi** (born October 22, 1946) is an Ecuadorian politician. He was mayor of Guayaquil, which is Ecuador's largest city until 2019. Although he is a member of the Social Christian Party, he has distanced himself from it and now is more on running the city. Nebot twice ran unsuccessfully for President of Ecuador. He is considered as the protégé of former president León Febres-Cordero.

## References
Streets of Rage (video game)

***Streets of Rage*** is a beat 'em up video game. It was released in Japan as . The game was made and published by Sega for the Sega Genesis in 1991, for the Game Gear in 1992 and for the Master System in 1993.

It is the first game in the *Streets of Rage* series. It is followed by *Streets of Rage 2* (released in 1992).

## References
The Miracle of Bern

***The Miracle of Bern*** () is a 2003 movie directed by Sönke Wortmann. It tells the story of a German family (particularly of a young boy and his depressed ex-POW father). It is also about the unexpected West German miracle victory in the 1954 World Cup Final in Bern, Switzerland. The film is a portrait of post-war Germany. With over 6 million visitors, it is one of Germany's best-selling movies.

## Plot 
In 1954, Richard (Peter Lohmeyer) returns to his German hometown after seven years as a prisoner of war (ww2). The years have caused some consequences, and he fails to relate to his family. Particularly he does not relate to his soccer-loving son, Matthias (Louis Klamroth). Meanwhile, a journalist (Lucas Gregorowicz) and his wife head to Bern, Switzerland, to write about the World Cup. The stories of these strangers converge when they arrive in Bern. There they witness an uplifting German performance in a game against Hungary.

## References
Marujita Díaz

**Marujita Díaz** (**María del Dulce Nombre Díaz Ruiz**; 27 April 1932 &ndash; 23 June 2015) was a Spanish singer and actress. She was born in Sevilla, Spain. Díaz was known for presenting the very popular show *Música y estrellas*.

Díaz died of respiratory failure caused by colon cancer in Madrid, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Zvi Elpeleg

**Zvi Elpeleg** (2 February 1926 – 27 June 2015) was a Polish-born Israeli academic, author, and a senior researcher at the Dayan Institute at Tel Aviv University. He born in Poland. Elpeleg served as a colonel in the Israeli army and later received an ambassadorial appointment.

## References
Eddy Louiss

**Eddy Louiss** (May 2, 1941 – June 30, 2015) was a French jazz musician. His primary instrument is the Hammond organ. As a vocalist, he was a member of Les Double Six of Paris from 1961 through 1963.

## References
Pat Toomey

**Pat Toomey** (born November 17, 1961) is an American politician. On January 3, 2011, he became the junior U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005. He retired from the Senate in 2023.

On October 4, 2020, Toomey announced that he will not run for re-election to a third term in 2022 or for Governor.

Toomey was born on November 17, 1961 in Providence, Rhode Island. He graduated from the Harvard University. He is married to Kris Toomey. They have three children.

On February 13, 2021 Toomey voted that no longer Republican President Donald Trump was guilty of starting the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. He and six other Republican senators also voted that Trump was guilty. This was after the House of Representatives Second impeachment of Donald Trump.

## References
## Other websites
Obergefell v. Hodges

***Obergefell v. Hodges*** was a landmark decision United States Supreme Court case. The Court held that the  and  of same-sex marriage is a fundamental right. They ruled it is d by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. He had challenged Ohio's ban on same-sex marriage.

## Decision 
The dissents in the Obergefell case argued that this decision was not based in law. Chief Justice Roberts, in his dissenting opinion, explained the Obergefell plaintiffs’ “‘fundamental right’ claim falls into the most sensitive category of constitutional adjudication.” The claim is not based on a right mentioned in the constitution. Instead, it was argued that it discrimination against “a right implied by the Fourteenth Amendment’s requirement that ‘liberty’ may not be deprived without ‘due process of law.’”

On June 26, 2015, *Obergefell* requires all states to issue a license to marry between all people of the same sex. It requires all states to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions.

## Notes 
## References
Fundamental rights

**Fundamental rights** are a set of rights that are recognized under the laws of a country to protect their citizens. 
These laws protect these rights even from the governments themselves. These protected rights include the right to life, right to freedom, and the right to free will. Other generally agreed upon examples of fundamental rights include freedom of religion, the right to free speech, the right to travel and the pursuit of Happiness.

## Related pages 
* Rights
* Civil and political rights
* Human rights
* Natural rights (also called unalienable rights)
* Constitution

## References
Steve Harwell

**Steven Scott Harwell** (9 January 1967 – 4 September 2023) was an American singer who was the lead vocalist for the American band Smash Mouth. He died on 4 September 2023 due to liver failure.

## References
Koska Helvacısı

**Koska Helvacısı** or simply **Koska** is the leading brand and trademark of helva (halva) and Turkish delight production in Turkey.

## Name
Koska was a former quarter of Istanbul, near Laleli. The company takes its name from their old location at Koska. Helvacı means producer or seller of sweets in Turkish. "Koska Helvacısı", then, "Sweetshop of Koska".

## History
Koska's origins go back to the city of Denizli in the early 1900s. It was ed by Hacı Emin Bey. Nevzat and Mümtaz Dindar established "Merter Helva" under the brand name "Koska". Mahir Dindar established "Mahir Gıda" under the brand name "Koska Helvacısı". Thus both companies market(ed) their products using the traditional name "Koska". 

## At present
In 2011, Merter added a "nazar boncuğu" (traditional blue and white bead for good luck) image to its logo, with the aim of differentiating the two companies. This was criticised by Mahir Gıda as a violation of their agreement. They announced that no Koska product bore any signs like bugs, flowers or beads. They also received a "kosher food"

Both companies produce Turkish delight, fruit preserves and various other sweet confections. This is in addition to the traditional "helva".

## References
## Other websites
* Official internet page of "Koska Helvacısı" by Mahir Gıda
* Official internet page of "Koska" by Menter Helva
Shelley Moore Capito

**Shelley Moore Capito** (born November 26, 1953) is an American politician. On January 3, 2015, she became the U.S. Senator from West Virginia. She was in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2015. She was in the West Virginia state legislature from 1996 to 2000.

Capito was born on November 26, 1953 in Glen Dale, West Virginia. Her father was former Governor of West Virginia Arch A. Moore, Jr.. She was educated at the Holton-Arms School, Duke University, and the University of Virginia. She is married to Charles Capito. They have three children.

## References
## Other websites
Arrondissements of the Lozère department

There are 2 **arrondissements in the Lozère department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Lozère are:

## History
Since its creation, the Pyrénées-Orientales department, first with the name of Roussillon, has had few changes:
* 1790 : creation of the department with seven districts: Mende, Marvejols, Florac, Langogne, Villefort, Meyrueis, Saint-Chély; the capital was Mende alternating with Marvejois. In that same year, Mende remain as the only capital.
* 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Mende, Florac and Marvejols.
* 1926 : the arrondissement of Marvejols was eliminated.

## Related pages
*Arrondissement of Florac
*Arrondissement of Mende
*List of arrondissements of France

## References
Mr. Roboto

"**Mr. Roboto**" is a 1983 song by American rock band Styx and taken from their 11th studio album *Kilroy Was Here*. It went to number 1 in Canada and number 3 in the United States.

## References
Kelly Ayotte

**Kelly Ann Ayotte** (born June 28, 1968) is an American politician who has been the 83rd Governor of New Hampshire since 2025. From 2011 to 2017 she was the junior U.S. Senator from New Hampshire. She was Attorney General of New Hampshire from 2004 to 2009.

During the 2016 New Hampshire senate elections, Ayotte narrowly lost her seat to Governor Maggie Hassan by less than 720 votes.

In July 2023, Ayotte announced her campaign for Governor of New Hampshire in the 2024 election. She is a Republican. She won the election in November 2024.

Ayotte was born on June 28, 1968 in Nashua, New Hampshire. She graduated from the Pennsylvania State University. Ayotte later graduated from Villanova University School of Law. She married Joseph Daley in 2001. They have two children.

## References
## Other websites
Skate punk

**Skate punk** is a music genre related to punk rock music. It began on the West Coast. It is a popular music with skateboarders and their culture.

Skate punk means the sound of melodic hardcore bands from the 1990s with an aggressive sound, and similar sounding modern bands. Many bands classified as skate punk also fit into genres such as pop punk, melodic hardcore, thrashcore, metalcore, surf punk and crossover thrash.

Skate videos use this aggressive style of punk rock for their background music. This played a big part in the coining of the term "skate punk".
Skate punk is now popular in other parts of the world, including a large punk group in Oxnard, California.

## References
Bob Corker

**Bob Corker** (born August 24, 1952) is an American politician. From 2007 to 2019, he was the U.S. Senator from Tennessee. From 2001 to 2005, he was Mayor of Chattanooga.

Corker was born on August 24, 1952 in Orangeburg, South Carolina. He graduated from the University of Tennessee. He and his wife Elizabeth have two daughters.

On September 26, 2017, Corker announced that he would not run for re-election in 2018.

## References
## Other websites
Jon Heidenreich

**Jon Heidenreich**, also known simply by his ring name **Heidenreich**, is an American former professional wrestler and American football player. He is best known for his time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on their SmackDown brand. He is a former WWE Tag Team Champion with Road Warrior Animal as a part of the LOD 2005.

Prior to his professional wrestling, Heidenreich played American football. He played in the Canadian Football League for the Shreveport Pirates. He also played for the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europa in 1997.

## Championships 
* **302 Wrestling**
** 302 Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **All American Wrestling (Louisiana)**
** AAW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
** AAW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rodney Mack
* **American Wrestling Rampage**
** AWR No Limits Championship (1 time)
* **Bluegrass Championship Wrestling**
** BCW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **No Limit Wrestling**
** NLW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **Over The Top Wrestling**
** OTT No Limits Championship (1 time)
* **Pro Wrestling ZERO1-MAX**
** NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Nathan Jones
* **Texas Wrestling Alliance**
** TWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Busta
* **World Wrestling Council**
** WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
* **World Wrestling Entertainment**
** WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Road Warrior Animal

## References
Arrondissement of Florac

The **arrondissement of Florac** is an arrondissement of France; it is part of the Lozère *département* in the Occitanie region.

## History
When the Lozère department was created on 17 February 1800, the *arrondissement* of Florac was part of that original department.

## Geography
It is the smallest and southernmost of the two *arrondissements* of the department, with an area of . It has 13,313 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km²

The *arrondissement* is bordered to the north by the *arrondissement* of Mende, to the east and south by the Gard department, and to the west by the Aveyron department.

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Florac, there are 2 cantons whose *communes* are in the *arrondissement*: Le Collet-de-Dèze and Florac. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and *arrondissements*:

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Florac has 44 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Barre-des-Cévennes (48019)
# Bassurels (48020)
# Bédouès-Cocurès (48050)
# Les Bondons (48028)
# Cans-et-Cévennes (48166)
# Cassagnas (48036)
# Le Collet-de-Dèze (48051)
# Florac Trois Rivières (48061)
# Fraissinet-de-Fourques (48065)
# Gabriac (48067)
# Gatuzières (48069)
# Hures-la-Parade (48074)
# Ispagnac (48075)
# La Malène (48088)
# Mas-Saint-Chély (48141)
# Le Massegros (48094)
# Meyrueis (48096)
# Moissac-Vallée-Française (48097)
# Molezon (48098)
# Montbrun (48101)
# Le Pompidou (48115)
# Pont-de-Montvert-Sud-Mont-Lozère (48116)
# Quézac (48122)
# Le Recoux (48125)
# Rousses (48130)
# Le Rozier (48131)
# Saint-André-de-Lancize (48136)
# Sainte-Croix-Vallée-Française (48144)
# Sainte-Enimie (48146)
# Saint-Étienne-Vallée-Française (48148)
# Saint-Georges-de-Lévéjac (48154)
# Saint-Germain-de-Calberte (48155)
# Saint-Hilaire-de-Lavit (48158)
# Saint-Julien-des-Points (48163)
# Saint-Martin-de-Boubaux (48170)
# Saint-Martin-de-Lansuscle (48171)
# Saint-Michel-de-Dèze (48173)
# Saint-Pierre-des-Tripiers (48176)
# Saint-Privat-de-Vallongue (48178)
# Saint-Rome-de-Dolan (48180)
# Vebron (48193)
# Ventalon-en-Cévennes (48152)
# Vialas (48194)
# Les Vignes (48195)

There is only a town with more than 1,000 inhabitants, and it is the subprefecture, Florac Trois Rivières, with 2,107 inhabitants.

## Related pages
*Arrondissements of the Lozère department
*Arrondissement of Mende
*List of arrondissements of France

## References
Tim Scott

**Timothy Eugene Scott** (born September 19, 1965) is an American politician. On January 3, 2013, he became the junior U.S. Senator from South Carolina. He was in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2009 to 2013. He is the only African-American senator as of the 115th United States Congress. More specifically, he is the first Republican African-American senator since Edward Brooke, of Massachusetts, in the 1970s.

Scott was a candidate for President of the United States in the 2024 election and latest African-American senator to run as president.

## Personal life
Scott was born on September 19, 1965 in North Charleston, South Carolina. He attended Presbyterian College. Scott graduated from Charleston Southern University. 

In August 2024, Scott married interior designer Mindy Noce.

## Political Positions 
### Civil Rights 
Scott is a Republican, and conservative overall, but has a liberal stance on civil rights for African-Americans.

#### George Floyd Protests 
Scott criticized President Donald Trump when he controversially tweeted: *When the looting starts, the shooting starts*. This was about the  protests of the death of George Floyd. Scott had spoken out against Floyd's murder.

### Environment 
Scott was in 2017 one of 22 senators sending a letter to Donald Trump asking him to withdraw from the Paris Agreement. He is a lobbyist for oil/gas/coal interests, having received over $54,000 from them since 2012.

## 2024 presidential campaign
In late 2022, it was reported that several United States senators such as John Barrasso, John Cornyn, and Joni Ernst had encouraged Scott to run for President of the United States in the 2024 election.

In February 2023, it was reported that Scott was preparing for a presidential run. Two months later in April, he created an exploratory committee to see if he should run for president.

On May 19, 2023, Scott officially filed to run for president.

Scott ended his campaign on November 12, 2023, due to low poll numbers.

## References
## Other websites
Petar Bojović

**Petar Bojović** (, ; 16 July 1858 in Miševići, Nova Varoš – 19 January 1945 in Belgrade) was a Serbian military commander. He fought in the Serbo-Turkish War, the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the First Balkan War, the Second Balkan War, World War I and World War II. Following the breakthrough on the Thessaloniki Front he was promoted to fourth Serbian Field Marshal (*Voivoda*).

In World War I as commander of the First Army, he broke through the lines on the Salonika front. His army advanced deep into enemy territory. For this he was given the title of Duke. In 1945, after World War II ended, he was beaten severely by partisans. They decided to take his house for themselves. He died soon after of his injuries.

## References
Scottish English

**Scottish English**, also known as **Scottish Standard English** or **Standard Scottish English (SSE)**, is a dialect of English that is spoken in Scotland. People can tell Scottish English from other types of British English by the accents, grammar and vocabulary.

Scottish English should not be confused with Scots, a language that is very much like English.

## Examples 
You can't understand what Scottish English is without a few examples. Can ye now?

## Alternative Words Used in Scottish English 
In Scottish English words are the same as English however there's differences. These are a few of the different words use in Scottish English.
La Siberia

**La Siberia** is a Spanish local administrative division located in Badajoz, Extremadura. 
To the southeast is Caceres province. Castile-La Mancha is to the east.

## Geography 
### Topography 
This area is part from the Toledo Mountains range and reaches until the Las Villuercas mountains. About 90 percent of its terrain ranges from  above sea level. Its highest mountain ranges are: the Umbría, Castrejones, Cantonegros, Santana and Pico Montilla. The last is the highest, at  above sea level.

### Climate 
Due its location between Castilian Plateau and the Atlantic Area, its climate is inside continental climate with warm summers and slightly cold winters. The average temperature is about . The coldest month is January with  depending on its zone (north or south). On the other hand, July is the warmest month, with  as minimum to  as maximum.

## References 
*  

## Other websites
* La Siberia
United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs

The '''United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs''' deals with most of the United States veterans issues. People who are members of the committee help fight for veterans. Members are also members of the United States senate. They help veterans find jobs and homes, and help with medical care. It was created in 1971 to help the Vietnam War veterans.

The Veterans' Affairs Committee had nine members when it was created. It now has 17 members.
## Members, 116th Congress
According to committee members' official online biographies, three of the fourteen members are veterans: Richard Blumenthal, Dan Sullivan and Johnny Isakson.

## Related pages
* List of current United States Senate committees
* United States Department of Veterans Affairs

## References
## Other websites
* United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs
George Shrinks

***George Shrinks*** is an  animated children's television series. It is based on the children's book by the author William Joyce. It is co-produced by Nelvana Limited & Jade Animation, it is made in association with PBS.

The series runs on September 30, 2000 to January 23, 2003 on PBS.

## Plot
Because of George's very small size, everyday activities, such as working around the house or playing outside, often become exciting adventures. He mostly uses the Zooper Car to travel. It can change into a submarine or a helicopter.

The show has a retro-1940s look, with simple animation and colors. Most of the background music is jazz.

## Characters
* **George Shrinks** is the main character of the series. George wakes up from a dream to discover he is small. He is voiced by Tracey Moore.
* **Junior Shrinks** is George's baby brother. Junior helps George with things that are too difficult for him. He is voiced by Robbi Jay Thuet.
* **Becky Lopez** is George's best friend and neighbor. She goes on many of George's adventures. She is voiced by Erica Luttrell.
* **Perdita "Mom" Shrinks** is a sculptor. She is voiced by Catherine O'Hara.
* **Harold "Dad" Shrinks** is an inventor and a musician in a jazz band. He makes musical instruments and vehicles. He is voiced by Paul O'Sullivan.

## Broadcast 
In Canada, the series aired on TVOKids, SCN, YTV, Knowledge Network, TFO, and Access. The series premiered on PBS in the United States on September 30, 2000, as a segment on the *PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch* block. The block was dropped altogether at the end of 2004, but the series was given an individual PBS debut on January 6, 2003, along with *Berenstain Bears* & *Seven Little Monsters*. Internationally, the series aired on ABC Kids in Australia, and on Milkshake! in the United Kingdom.

## Other websites
**George Shrinks* Episode Guide  at Big Cartoon DataBase
*
*Retrojunk: George Shrinks

## References
Samira Saleh Ali al-Naimi

**Samira Salih al-Nuaimi** (also **Samira Saleh Ali al-Naimi**, **Sameera Salih Ali al-Nuaimy**, or سميرة صالح النعيمي in Arabic) (1963 – 22 September 2014) was an Iraqi lawyer and human rights activist. 

She had criticized Islamic State on Twitter because they destroyed mosques, churches, and shrines. She was then kidnapped by men in masks. She was tortured for five days and then was killed by Islamic State (ISIS or Daish).

The United Nations spoke out strongly against the killing.

## Work 
Samiraa al-Nuaimi was a lawyer. According to the Gulf Centre For Human Rights, she worked on detainee rights and poverty.  She worked as a volunteer for women's rights.  She was one of the leading activists in Iraq, especially in the defense of people in jail, and in helping families with little money. 

Samira lived in the northeastern part of Mosul with her husband and three children.  On September 17, 2014, when she was at home with her husband and children, the ISIL group took Samira from her home.  They said she was guilty of apotasy under Sharia law. They tortured her for 5 days. Then they killed her.  Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, the United Nations human rights commissioner, said her family was not permitted to give her a funeral. 

The United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq said she was arrested because of her Facebook messages. She posted criticism of ISIL's destruction of religious places in Mosul. After her death, the Facebook page was removed. 

The Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Iraq (SRSG), Mr. Nickolay Mladenov, also spoke strongly against the killing of al-Nuaimi. He said it was a "sickening crime committed against the people of Iraq".  United Nations Commissioner Prince Zeid bin Raad, from the High Commissioner office in Geneva and New York, said Samira's death was terrible. He said she had courage because she defended the human rights of others. 

## References
Rosy boa

The **rosy boa** (*Lichanura trivirgata*) is a snake of the Boidae family. The rosy boa is native to southwest America, and Baja California and Sonora, Mexico. It is one of only two boas native to the territory claimed by the United States. The other is the rubber boa (*Charina bottae*).

## References
Johnny Isakson

**John Hardy** "**Johnny**" **Isakson** (December 28, 1944 &ndash; December 19, 2021) was an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Georgia from 2005 through 2019. He was a member of the Republican Party. Previously, he represented Georgia's 6th Congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005.

In June 2015, Isakson was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and a kidney tumor.

On August 28, 2019, due his bad health, Isakson announced that he would resign from the Senate officially on December 31, 2019.

Isakson died on December 19, 2021 at his home in Atlanta, Georgia from Parkinson's disease-related problems at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
* 

*Senator Johnny Isakson  official U.S. Senate site
*Johnny Isakson for Senate
*
*
*
Peter Welch

**Peter Francis Welch** (born May 2, 1947) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. Welch is the junior U.S. Senator from Vermont since 2023. He was the U.S. Representative for Vermont's At-large congressional district from 2007 to 2023.

In 2016, Welch supported U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders for the Democratic nomination for President. He supported him again in 2020. In November 2021, Welch announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate in the 2022 United States Senate election in Vermont to replace retiring Senator Patrick Leahy. He won the general election in November 2022.

## References
Peter Plympton Smith

**Peter Plympton Smith** (born October 31, 1945) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from the U.S. state of Vermont, the 74th Lieutenant Governor of Vermont, and an education administrator.

He served as the founding president of the Community College of Vermont, the founding president of California State University, Monterey Bay, and as assistant director general for education of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Smith was one of thirty former Republican congressmen to sign a letter opposing Donald Trump's candidacy for president.

## References
Seniority in the United States Senate

**Seniority in the United States Senate** is the value of a senator based on his/her service. There are two senators per state. The one senator that served more years is called the **Senior** senator. The one who served less is called the **Junior** senator. 

## Other websites
* 
* http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/chronlist.pdf
Ranking member

In United States politics, a **ranking member** is the most senior member of a congressional or state legislative committee from the minority party. 

When party control of a legislative chamber changes, a committee's ranking minority member is likely, though not assured, to become the next chairman of the committee, and vice versa.

## References
Political action committee

In the United States, a **political action committee** (**PAC**) is a type of organization that gives money to campaigns from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation.  
The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States.

## References
Vermont Progressive Party

The **Vermont Progressive Party** is a political party in the United States.  It was founded in 1999 and is active only in the U.S. state of Vermont. 

The party is largely social democratic and progressive. The Progressives received 9,470 votes (2.96% of the vote) in the 2010 Vermont House of Representatives Elections, and five seats, compared to the Democrats' 55.11% and 96 seats, the Republicans' 38.04% of the vote, and 46 seats. 

Independents received 3.81% and three seats. As of 2012, the party controls 10% of the Vermont Senate seats, and 3.3% of the seats in the Vermont House of Representatives.
Oxford East (UK Parliament constituency)

**Oxford East** is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Andrew Smith of the Labour Party.

## Election results
## Sources
Election Result 2015 http://www.oxford.gov.uk/PageRender/decCD/Election_results_occw.htm 
*Election result, 2015 (BBC)
*Election result, 2010 (BBC)
*Election result, 2005 (BBC)
*Election results, 1997–2001 (BBC)
*Election results, 1997–2001  (Election Demon)
*Election results, 1983–1992  (Election Demon)

## References
Liberty Union Party

The **Liberty Union Party** of Vermont, founded in 1970 by former Congressman William H. Meyer, Peter Diamondstone, Dennis Morrisseau and others, originated in the anti-war and People's Party movements of the late 1960s and defines itself as a non-violent socialist party. Famous members include Bernie Sanders, John Parker, and Brain Moore.

## References
The Nation

***The Nation*** is  the oldest continuously published weekly magazine in the United States. It was first founded in July 1895 in New York City. *The Nation* has offices in Washington, D.C., London, Chicago, Paris, and in South Africa. It covers architecture, art, corporations, defense, environment, films, legal affairs, music, peace and disarmament, poetry, and the United Nations.
United States Senate Committee on the Budget

The **United States Senate Committee on the Budget** was created by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974. It is responsible for drafting Congress's annual budget plan and creating an action on the budget for the Federal Government. 

The committee has power over the Congressional Budget Office. The committee briefly operated as a special committee from 1919 to 1920 during the 66th Congress, before being made a standing committee in 1974.

## Members, 116th Congress
## Related pages
* Committees of the United States Senate
* United States House Committee on the Budget

## References
## Other websites
*Official website (Archive)
*Senate Budget Committee. Legislation activity and reports, Congress.gov.
*Committee on the Budget, United States Senate, 1974-2006. Senate Document 109-24. 109th Congress, 2nd session, 2006.
Colchester, Vermont

**Colchester** is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The population was 17,524 at the 2020 census.
It is the third-largest municipality and largest town in Vermont by population. Saint Michael's College is there.

## References
National Rifle Association of America

The **National Rifle Association of America** (**NRA**) is an American nonprofit organization. It works for gun rights. It was founded in 1871. The leader changed in 2024 when Wayne LaPierre resigned. He had been the chief executive since 1991. The movie star Charlton Heston was president of the NRA from 1998 to 2003.

## 2020 lawsuit
In 2020, the Attorney General of New York Letitia James moved to end the NRA.  Jones said NRA officials had taken donated money and used it on themselves and given special contracts to their family and friends.  American nonprofits are not allowed to do this.  If someone donates money to a nonprofit, the nonprofit must use the money the way it promises to use it.

In 2024, a jury decided the chief executive Wayne LaPierre and two other executives were corrupt and had used NRA money for themselves. They were ordered to pay $6.5m back to the NRA. He resigned in January 2024.

## References
John F. Kennedy School of Government

The **John F. Kennedy School of Government** at Harvard University (also known as **Harvard Kennedy School** and **HKS**) is a public policy and public administration school, and one of Harvard's graduate and professional schools. It is named after Harvard graduate and 35th President of the United States John F. Kennedy.

It offers master's degrees in public policy, public administration, and international development, grants several doctoral degrees, administers executive programs for senior government officials, and conducts research in subjects relating to politics, government, international affairs, and economics.

## References
Ron Dellums

**Ronald Vernie "Ron" Dellums** (November 24, 1935 &ndash; July 30, 2018) was an American politician. He was Oakland's forty-eighth mayor.  From 1971 to 1998, he was elected to thirteen terms as a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Northern California's 9th Congressional District.

When President Ronald Reagan vetoed Dellums' Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986, a Democratic-controlled House and a Republican-controlled Senate overrode Reagan's veto, the first override of a presidential foreign policy veto in the 20th century.

Dellums died on July 30, 2018 in Washington, D.C. from prostate cancer, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile at Citymayors.com
*
*Dellums victory signifies a sea change in Oakland politics  *San Francisco Chronicle*, June 19, 2006.
*Ron Dellums's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project.
Vermont Public Radio

**Vermont Public Radio** (VPR) is a network of public radio stations in the state of Vermont. 

In addition to locally produced shows, the network broadcasts programs from NPR, Public Radio International, and American Public Media. It is headquartered in Colchester, a suburb of Burlington. Other studios are in Montpelier, Manchester and Norwich.
Iraq Resolution

The **Iraq Resolution** or the **Iraq War Resolution** (formally the **Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002**, is a joint resolution passed by the United States Congress in October 2002 as Public Law No: 107-243, authorizing military action against Iraq.

## References
Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act

The **Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act** (), often referred to as the **Brady Act** and commonly called the **Brady Bill**, is an Act of the United States Congress that made background checks on firearm purchasers in the United States required and created a five-day waiting period on purchases.

The original legislation was introduced into the House of Representatives by Representative Charles E. Schumer  in March 1991, but was never brought to a vote. The bill was reintroduced by Rep. Schumer on February 22, 1993 and the final version was passed on November 11, 1993. 

It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 30, 1993 and the law went into effect on February 28, 1994. The Act was named after James Brady, who was shot by John Hinckley, Jr. during an attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan on March 30, 1981.

## References
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

The **Authorization for Use of Military Force** allows the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the attacks on September 11, 2001.  

The authorization granted the President the authority to use all "necessary and appropriate force" against those whom he determined "planned, authorized, committed or aided" the September 11th attacks, or who harbored said persons or groups.  The AUMF was signed by President George W. Bush on September 18, 2001.
Public Policy Polling

**Public Policy Polling** (**PPP**) is a U.S. polling firm based in Raleigh, North Carolina.  PPP was founded in 2001 by businessman Dean Debnam, the firm's current president and chief executive officer.

## References
Campaign finance reform in the United States

** Campaign finance reform** is the political effort in the United States to change the involvement of money in politics, primarily in political campaigns. It will prevent campaigns being sponsored by Super PACs.

## Other websites
* California Clean Money Campaign
* Campaign Finance Institute
* Center for Competitive Politics 
* Democracy Matters
* Open Secrets
* PoliticalMoneyLine
Nicholas Parsons

**Christopher Nicholas Parsons**  (10 October 1923 – 28 January 2020) was an English radio and television presenter and actor. He was best known for hosting *Just a Minute* which ran from 22 December 1967 to 23 September 2019 and *Sale of the Century* which ran from 9 October 1971 to 6 November 1983.

Parsons was born on 10 October 1923 in Grantham, Lincolnshire. 

Parsons was Rector of the University of St Andrews from 1988 to 1991.

In 2014, he was awarded the CBE 10 years after being awarded the OBE.

In August 2019, Parsons had suffered a fall and was hospitalized in Aylesbury. He died from problems caused by the fall on 28 January 2020 at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. He was 96, 9 months short of his 97th birthday.

He leaves behind a widow, Annie and 2 children.
## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Interview on the MusicalTalk Podcast
*Talking about *Just a Minute* (RealPlayer video)
*Nicholas Parsons, Patron of WTC : Interview for download &ndash; talks about *Doctor Who*, *Just a Minute*, *The Rocky Horror Show* and audio performance history