open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Denis DeJordy

**Joseph Denis Emile DeJordy** (born November 15, 1938, in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada), is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender.  He played goal for four NHL teams, most notably the Chicago Black Hawks.

## Playing career
Denis DeJordy was a goaltender with the Chicago Black Hawks, Los Angeles Kings, Montreal Canadiens and Detroit Red Wings over 12 seasons in the National Hockey League.  He shared the Vezina Trophy with Glenn Hall in 1967.  During the 1966 – 1967 season he played 44 games, posting a 2.46 Goals Against Average.

## Awards
*1959 OHA-Jr. First All-Star Team
*1959–60 Best Rookie - Sault Thunderbirds (EPHL)
*1961 Stanley Cup Championship  (Chicago)
*1962–63 Les Cunningham Award - Buffalo Bisons (AHL)
*1962–63 Harry (Hap) Holmes Memorial Award - Buffalo Bisons (fewest goals against)(AHL)
*1963 AHL First All-Star Team
*1966 CPHL First All-Star Team
*1966–67 Vezina Trophy - Chicago Black Hawks (shared with Glenn Hall) (NHL)
*1974 AHL Second All-Star Team

## References
*
*
*Detroit Red Wings Facts Book 1973–74
*Denis DeJordy's Name on the 1961 Stanley Cup
Polk County, Florida

**Polk County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2020, 725,046 people lived there. The county seat is Bartow, Florida. Its largest city is Lakeland.  The center of population of Florida is in the town of Lake Wales.

## References
Carl von Clausewitz

**Carl Philipp Gottlieb von Clausewitz** () (July 1, 1782 in Burg bei Magdeburg  – November 16, 1831 in Breslau) was a Prussian general who fought in the Napoleonic Wars. He joined the Russian Army to fight against the French invasion of Russia. Later, he wrote about war, army and the military science.

He wrote the book *On War*, in which he said that "War is the continuation of politics by other means." In his book, *On War*, Clausewitz wrote how to win a war, how to build an army, and what war is.  He did not think war was an art or a science.  Instead, war was about people, money, and land.

## References 
## Related pages
*Niccolo Machiavelli
*Sun Tzu

## Other websites 
*Clausewitz homepage , much information about him.
*
* Paul Roques, Le général de Clausewitz. Sa vie et sa théorie de la guerre, Paris, Editions Astrée, 2013.  http://www.editions-astree.fr/BC/Bon_de_commande_Roques.pdf
Georgetown University

**Georgetown University** is a Catholic university in Washington, D.C.  It was started in 1789 by the Jesuit priest John Carroll. It is the oldest Catholic university in the United States of America. In the 19th century, the university sold more than 300 slaves in order to pay for its expansion.

## References
*
DC

**DC** can mean many things:

*DC Comics, who make comic books about Superman, Batman, and others
*Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States of America
*Dubai City, to distinguish it from the emirate
*Direct current, a type of electricity
1928–29 NHL season

The **1928–29 NHL season** was the twelfth season of the National Hockey League. Ten teams played 44 games each. This was the first Stanley Cup playoffs ever that saw two United States based teams compete for the cup. The Boston Bruins won over the New York Rangers two games to none in a best-of-three final.

## Regular season 
### Final standings 
*Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

*Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold*

### Scoring leaders 
*Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

## Stanley Cup playoffs 
### Playoff bracket 
## NHL awards 
## First Games 
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1928–29 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
* Tiny Thompson, Boston Bruins
* Cooney Weiland, Boston Bruins
* George Owen, Boston Bruins
* Johnny Gottselig, Chicago Black Hawks
* Mush March, Chicago Black Hawks
* Herbie Lewis, Detroit Cougars
* Georges Mantha, Montreal Canadiens
* Armand Mondou, Montreal Canadiens
* Baldy Northcott, Montreal Maroons
* Dave Trottier, Montreal Maroons
* Earl Robinson, Montreal Maroons
* Red Horner, Toronto Maple Leafs
* Andy Blair, Toronto Maple Leafs

## Last games 
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1928–29 (listed with their last team):
* Cy Denneny, Boston Bruins
* Duke Keats, Chicago Black Hawks
* Dick Irvin, Chicago Black Hawks
* Red Green, Detroit Cougars
* Herb Gardiner, Montreal Canadiens
* Punch Broadbent, New York Americans

## Related pages
* List of Stanley Cup champions
* 1928 in sports
* 1929 in sports

## References 
* Hockey Database
* NHL.com
Jack Adams Award

The **Jack Adams Award** is awarded annually to the National Hockey League coach "adjudged to have contributed the most to his team's success." It has been awarded 33 times to 28 different winners. The winner is selected by a poll of the National Hockey League Broadcasters Association at the end of the regular season. Many coaches have won the award numerous times. Pat Burns has won three times, the most of any coach.

## Winners
, winner for the 2010–11 NHL season]]

## References
;General
*
*
*
;Specific
Bagpipes

The **bagpipes** are a musical instrument. They are sometimes just called "pipes". They have a bag that holds air. The player keeps the bag full of air by blowing into it with a tube or pumping it with a bellows. To make music, the bag is pressed and the air comes out through a kind of flute or "chanter". There are usually one or more other tubes coming from the bag that make sounds whenever the bag is squeezed, called "drones". Each drone normally plays a different note, and stays on the same note the whole time it is playing, to play a harmony with the "chanter". The sounds are made by a single or, more commonly, double reed which vibrates when air is blown over it.

Scotland is traditionally linked to the bagpipes, and many pipe tunes come from there. Many, many other places, however, also have different types of bagpipes: over all of Europe, some of North Africa, and into the Middle East such as the Ottoman Empire.

The Scottish pipes, the Great Pipe, or piob-mhor, first had only one drone pipe. The second pipe was added in the mid 1500s and the third pipe was added in the 1700s.

Bagpipes have always been folk instruments, but after the 15th century some were used for court music, and others have survived as military instruments. For the chanter, two single-reed cane pipes are placed parallel, one pipe often sounding a drone or other accompaniment to the other pipe.Oct 6, 2023.

## Usage in warfare 
Bagpipes have been used in war for an extended time period, with some accounts of it going back to the Scottish Battle of Pinkie in 1547. Bagpipes have been used in war to raise morale upon others whilst demoralizing enemies, and coordinating troops and tactics, an example of this being how it was used within clans in the Jacobite Uprisings due to their distinctive and loud noise. Military usage of bagpipes can be for funerals or parades, in which case their likely played by Pipe and Drum bands.

## Historical background 
### Possible ancient origin 
Evidence of the usage of bagpipes is still to be proven. However, a number of visual and textual hints have been proposed. The *Oxford History of Music* posits that a sculpture of bagpipes has been found on a Hittite slab at Euyuk in Anatolia, dated to 1000 BC. 

TBA

## References
Entertainment Software Rating Board

**The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB)** is an organization that provides age ratings in video games. It was created in 1994, and it serves in North America. Its primary goal is to inform parents and adults which video games are suitable for children.

## Ratings
## Controversy
### The AO rating
Some critics come to believe that the ESRB only rates games AO if they have sex in them, regardless of how explicit the language, violence or even blood is. This also lead them to think the ESRB is not doing its job. Twenty-three games have received and kept adult ratings, but apparently twenty (almost all) games were given it for sexual themes and content. Two had violence, and the other one was given the "Adult" rating for real gambling.

### "Tone Down" controversy
Some publishers of games decide to tone down the game's explicitness in order to qualify for an "M" rather than an "AO" rating. For example, the game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas had an original M rating, but the game that could be unlocked by bypassing the patch, called "Hot Coffee", seemed to spark major controversy  with the game, because it features sex and erotica. Thus, the ESRB decided to re-rate the game as an AO. Rockstar Games then chose to leave the game out of the release, then release an exploit fix that completely disallowed access to the game. However, other games have trouble being "toned down". Thrill Kill, for instance, was given an AO, and then Electronic Arts decided to purchase the publisher, Virgin Entertainment. The release of the game was then canceled, and the game never was toned down.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
1927–28 NHL season

The **1927–28 NHL season** was the eleventh season of the National Hockey League. Ten teams played 44 games each. The New York Rangers won the Stanley Cup beating the Montreal Maroons becoming the first United States based team since the start of the NHL to win it and first since the Seattle Metropolitans won in 1917. This season saw the reintroduction of the O'Brien Trophy, which used to go to the NHL league champion. It was originally retired in favour of the Prince of Wales Trophy. The reintroduced O'Brien Trophy went to the winner of the Canadian Division while the Prince of Wales Trophy went to the winner of the American division.

## Regular season
### Final standings
*Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

*Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold*

### Scoring leaders
*Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points*

## Stanley Cup playoffs
### Playoff bracket
### Finals
**New York Rangers vs. Montreal Maroons**

*New York wins best-of-five series 3–2*

## NHL awards
## First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1927–28 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
*Dit Clapper, Boston Bruins
*Norman Gainor, Boston Bruins
*Cy Wentworth, Chicago Black Hawks
*Charlie Gardiner, Chicago Black Hawks
*Larry Aurie, Detroit Cougars
*Marty Burke, Montreal Canadiens
*Jimmy Ward, Montreal Maroons
*Joe Lamb, Montreal Maroons
*Marty Barry, New York Americans
*Allan Shields, Ottawa Senators
*Joe Primeau, Toronto Maple Leafs

## Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1927–28 (listed with their last team):
*Sprague Cleghorn, Boston Bruins
*Corb Denneny, Chicago Black Hawks
*Frank Foyston, Detroit Cougars
*Jack Walker, Detroit Cougars
*Billy Boucher, New York Americans
*Odie Cleghorn, Pittsburgh Pirates

## References
*Hockey Database
*NHL.com
Rogatien Vachon

**Rogatien "Rogie"  Vachon** (born September 8, 1945 in Palmarolle, Quebec) was a French-Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Los Angeles Kings, Detroit Red Wings, and Boston Bruins in the National Hockey League.

Vachon shared the 1968 Vezina Trophy with Gump Worsley while with the Canadiens, along with three Stanley Cups. In 1971, Vachon was traded to the Kings, where he achieved his greatest individual success.  He was added to the NHL's second all-star team in 1975 and 1977. 

## Achievements
* Stanley Cup Champion 1968, 1969, 1971 (with Montreal)
* Canada Cup Champion 1976
National Hockey League awards

The National Hockey League presents lots of annual awards and trophies to recognize its teams and players.  The oldest, and most notable, is the Stanley Cup.  First awarded in 1893, the Stanley Cup is awarded to the NHL's playoff champion.  The Stanley Cup is the third trophy to be used as the league's championship, as for the first nine years of the NHL's existence, it remained a multiple league challenge cup.

## History
The NHL's first championship trophy was the O'Brien Trophy, which was created by the National Hockey Association in 1910 and was acquired by the NHL in 1918, after which it was awarded to the playoff champion until 1923. The O'Brien Trophy was retired in favour of the Prince of Wales Trophy in 1924, which became the league's championship until the end of the Western Hockey League following the 1926 season, leaving the Stanley Cup exclusively in the hands of the National Hockey League.

The Prince of Wales Trophy remains an active award.  It is presently awarded to the playoff champion of the Eastern Conference, while the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl, created in 1967, is currently awarded to the Western Conference champion.  The youngest team trophy is the Presidents' Trophy, which has been awarded to the NHL's regular season champion since 1986.

The first individual trophy was the Hart Trophy, first awarded in 1924 to the league's most valuable player.  The Lady Byng Trophy followed a year later, awarded to the most gentlemanly player in the league.  Two years later, the Vezina Trophy was created for the NHL's top goaltender.  The Conn Smythe Trophy was first awarded to the NHL's playoff most valuable player in 1965.  Presently, the NHL has 17 annual individual trophies and awards, the most recently created being the Mark Messier Leadership Award, first awarded in 2007.

## Team trophies
## Individual trophies and awards
The league has also given some short-lived awards over the years, including:
***NHL/Sheraton Road Performer Award** – awarded to the player who accrued the most road points during the regular season.  It was awarded to Joe Sakic of the Colorado Avalanche in 2004 and not subsequently.
***Scotiabank/NHL Fan Fav Award** – awarded to a National Hockey League player based on fan voting.  It was awarded to Roberto Luongo of the Vancouver Canucks in 2010 and not subsequently.
***NHL Lifetime Achievement Award** – awarded to a National Hockey League veteran in recognition of their overall contributions to the league and sport. It has been awarded twice, first to Gordie Howe in 2008 and then to Jean Béliveau in 2009.

## Related pages
*Lester Patrick Trophy - presented, in part by the NHL, for contributions to hockey in the United States, but not considered an NHL award
*Hockey Hall of Fame

## References
## Other websites
*NHL trophies at nhl.com
*NHL trophies at legendsofhockey.net
Luca Marenzio

**Luca Marenzio**  (born Coccaglio, near Brescia, Italy, 18 October? 1553?;  died Rome, 22 August  1599) was an Italian composer who lived in the late Renaissance. He was one of the best known composers of madrigals.

## Life
Marenzio may have been born in 1553.  We think this because his father once wrote down his son’s age.  The date may have been 18 October because that was his saint’s feast day.

He had his early education in Brescia possibly in Mantua.  Then he moved to Rome, where he worked as a singer for Cardinal Cristoforo Madruzzo.  After the cardinal's death he worked at the court of Cardinal Luigi d'Este.  Here he started to become known as a composer.  By 1581 his music had become extremely popular.  His books of madrigals were often reprinted.  His madrigals were often included in published collections.

In 1587 he moved to Florence where he worked for Ferdinando I de' Medici for two years; in 1589 he returned to Rome, where he spent most of his last years, except for a trip to Poland from 1596 to 1597, during which time he worked at the court of Sigismund III Vasa in Warsaw.  It seems from what some people wrote that his trip to Poland ruined his health, and he died in Rome in 1599, shortly after returning from Poland.

## Music
Marenzio wrote some religious music: motets, and madrigals based on religious texts.  However, most of his famous music consists of secular (not religious) madrigals.  They were written during a period of twenty years, and they vary a lot in style.

Marenzio published at least fifteen collections of music, mostly madrigals but also *canzonette* and *villanelle*.  These were similar to madrigals but very light in character.  Some of his later works are very chromatic: they use harmony that was unusual for the time.  He often makes the music fit the meaning of the words.  This is called word-painting.  For example: the phrase "sinking in the sea" is sung to notes which go lower and lower.

## Influence
Marenzio’s music had a lot of influence on composers in Italy, as well as in the rest of Europe.  There were several of his madrigals in *Musica transalpina*, a collection of madrigals published in 1588 by Nicholas Yonge  in England.

## References
*Article "Luca Marenzio", in *The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians*, ed. Stanley Sadie.  20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.
WWE United States Championship

The **WWE United States Championship** is a professional wrestling championship in WWE. It was originally a National Wrestling Alliance and World Championship Wrestling title. It has mostly been the exclusive secondary championship of WWE's weekly TV show, *SmackDown*.

## History
 the longest reigning champion in WWE, with the 2003–2014 design of the belt]]
The WWE United States Championship was originally known as the **NWA United States Heavyweight Championship** of Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling run by Jim Crockett Promotions. Following the title's introduction in 1975, Harley Race became the inaugural champion on June 14. The title became "Undisputed" in January 1981 when no other United States title was recognized in other promotions governed by the National Wrestling Alliance. In 1986, the title became a secondary championship in Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling when Jim Crockett Promotions gained control of the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. The title was renamed the **World Championship Wrestling (WCW) United States Heavyweight Championship** in 1991 when Jim Crockett Promotions became World Championship Wrestling. Soon after, "The Invasion" took place in which the WCW/ECW Alliance was ultimately dismantled. During this time, the title was referred to as the **WCW United States Championship**. At Survivor Series 2001, the title was unified with the WWF Intercontinental Championship. The United States Champion, Edge, defeated the Intercontinental Champion, Test, becoming the new Intercontinental Champion while causing United States Championship to become inactive. It then followed Shelton Benjamin back to SmackDown the following Sunday at The Great American Bash. One year later it was brought to the Raw brand when then champion Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) was drafted to Raw as part of the 2009 WWE Draft.
, with the 2014-2020 design of the belt]]
 with his own spinner belt design in 2005]]On August 29, 2011, the "brand extension" that was in effect ended when all WWE programming became "Supershows" that featured wrestlers from both *Raw* and *SmackDown*. All WWE titles, including the United States Championship, could then be defended at any WWE event.

In July 2016, Rusev was sent to *SmackDown Live* in the 2016 WWE Draft, bringing the championship to that show. In April 2017, the 2017 WWE Superstar Shake-up happened at the champion at the time Kevin Owens was drafted to *Raw*. Since then, the championship has been on that show except for when day when then champion Jinder Mahal was sent to *SmackDown Live* in the 2018 WWE Superstar Shake-up. The next day, he lost the title to Jeff Hardy who was drafted and brought the title to *Raw.*

## Brands 
## Reigns
Right now the champion is Sami Zayn, who is in his second reign. He won the title by defeating Carmelo Hayes in an open challenge on the March 27, 2026, episode of *SmackDown* in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## References
## Other websites
*WCW/WWE United States Title History
Nicholas Yonge

**Nicholas Yonge** (born about 1560; buried October 23, 1619) was an English singer and publisher (his name is an old spelling of the word "Young" and pronounced the same way).  He is most famous for publishing a collection of music called *Musica transalpina*. The first part of the collection appeared in 1588 (during the reign of Elizabeth I).

*Musica transalpina* was a collection of Italian madrigals.  The title *Musica transalpina*  means: "music from across the Alps" because the music came from Italy which was the other side of the Alps.
Yonge kept the tunes, but the Italian words of the madrigals were translated into English.  *Musica transalpina* had 57 separate pieces by 18 Italian composers, including Alfonso Ferrabosco and Luca Marenzio.  Ferrabosco was living in England at the time.

Music publishing was quite a new thing in those days. The publication of this book had a huge influence on music in England.  It made madrigals very popular in England and during the next twenty years composers such as Thomas Morley, John Wilbye and Thomas Weelkes composed a large number of English madrigals.

In 1597 Yonge published a second book of *Musica transalpina* which was also very influential.

## References
*David Brown, "Nicholas Yonge".  *The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians*, ed. Stanley Sadie.  20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.
Treehouse of Horror (The Simpsons episode)

**Treehouse of Horror** is the third episode in season 2 of ***The Simpsons***. It was first shown on October 25, 1990. It is the first-ever "Treehouse of Horror" episode and has since been followed by a yearly "Treehouse of Horror" episode.  This episode features three stories. The last one is the famous *The Raven* by Edgar Allan Poe.

## Other websites 
*
*
*
1930–31 NHL season

The **1930–31 NHL season** was the fourteenth season of the National Hockey League. Ten teams played 44 games each. The Montreal Canadiens beat the Chicago Black Hawks three games to two in a best-of-five Stanley Cup final for their second Cup win in a row.

Art Ross bitterly complained about the Stanley Cup final setup. His team had been beaten in two games in a row by the Montreal Canadiens in 1929–30. As a result, the Board of Governors decided to make the final a best of five series.

## Regular season
### Final standings
*GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties In Minutes*

*Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in **bold***

### Scoring leaders
*GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties In Minutes*

## Stanley Cup playoffs
On 26 March, during the second game of the best-of-five series between the Bruins and Canadiens, Art Ross of Boston pulled his goaltender for an extra player while down 1–0 with 40 seconds left in the final period. This marked the first time in NHL history that a goalie was pulled for an extra attacker.
  
In the finals, the Chicago Black Hawks took an early two games to one lead in the newly expanded best-of-five Stanley Cup finals but the Montreal Canadiens came back and won the series three games to two for their second consecutive Stanley Cup win.

### Playoff bracket
### Finals
**Montreal Canadiens vs. Chicago Blackhawks**

*Montreal wins best-of-five series 3–2.*

## NHL awards
### All-Star teams
## First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1930–31 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
*Art Chapman, Boston Bruins
*Doc Romnes, Chicago Black Hawks
*John Sorrell, Detroit Falcons
*Johnny Gagnon, Montreal Canadiens
*Paul Haynes, Montreal Maroons
*Dave Kerr, Montreal Maroons
*Alex Levinsky, Toronto Maple Leafs
*Bob Gracie, Toronto Maple Leafs

## Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1930–31 (listed with their last team):
*Frank Fredrickson, Detroit Falcons
*Bert McCaffrey, Montreal Canadiens
*Joe Simpson, New York Americans
*Babe Dye, Toronto Maple Leafs

## References
*Hockey Database
*NHL.com
1929–30 NHL season

The **1929–30 NHL season** was the thirteenth season of the National Hockey League. Ten teams played 44 games each. The Montreal Canadiens upset the heavily favoured Boston Bruins two games to none for the Stanley Cup.

## Regular season
### Final standings
*Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

*Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold*

### Scoring leaders
*Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

## Stanley Cup playoffs
After defeating the Montreal Maroons and after losing more than one game in a row games all season, the Boston Bruins were defeated by the Montreal Canadiens two games to none in a best-of-three series. The Canadiens then won the Cup with a 4–3 victory in game two. The Canadiens went 5–0–1 in the playoffs, making them one of the few Cup winning teams in history to not lose a game in the playoffs.

### Playoff bracket
## NHL awards
## First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1929–30 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
*Tom Cook, Chicago Black Hawks
*Ebbie Goodfellow, Detroit Cougars
*Syd Howe, Ottawa Senators
*Busher Jackson, Toronto Maple Leafs
*Charlie Conacher, Toronto Maple Leafs

## Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1929–30 (listed with their last team):
*Mickey MacKay, Boston Bruins
*Jimmy Herberts, Detroit Cougars
*Clint Benedict, Montreal Maroons
*Frank Nighbor, Toronto Maple Leafs

## References
*Hockey Database
*NHL.com
Lindy Ruff

**Lindy Ruff** (born February 17, 1960) is the current head coach of the New Jersey Devils. He is currently the longest-serving coach in the NHL, being Buffalo's coach since 1997.

## Other websites 
*
WWE Divas Championship

The **WWE Divas Championship** was a championship in WWE competed for by women, called Divas by WWE. It was established in 2008 and Michelle McCool was the first champion. It was deactivated in 2016 in favor of the new WWE Women's Championship. Charlotte was the final champion.

## History
As a result of the WWE Brand Extension in 2002, the WWE Women's Championship was made exclusive to the Raw brand. Thereafter, only Divas on the Raw brand were able to compete for the WWE Women's Championship, while the Divas on the SmackDown brand were unable to compete for a women's-exclusive championship. The rule was, however, ignored on rare occasions as Melina and Ashley have been the only divas who were on the SmackDown brand to challenge for the title. This led to the creation of the WWE Divas Championship, which was announced on June 6, 2008 during an episode of *SmackDown* by SmackDown General Manager Vickie Guerrero. In order to determine the competitors for the new title, two 'Golden Dreams matches', the object of which was to retrieve a star that was hanging on a pole above one corner of the ring, were held. The championship belt was officially unveiled on the July 4, 2008 episode of *SmackDown* prior to the second Golden Dreams match. Natalya and McCool competed against each other at The Great American Bash, which McCool won and became the first champion.

At WrestleMania 32 on April 3, 2016, Lita announced that a new WWE Women's Championship would be created. In the process, the Divas Championship would be retired. Later in the night, the Divas Champion Charlotte beat Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks in a Triple Threat match to win the new Women's Championship.

## Reigns 
There were 26 reigns and 1 vacancy. The first champion was Michelle McCool. She beat Natalya to win the title at The Great American Bash on July 20, 2008. The last champion was Charlotte. She beat Nikki Bella at Night of Champions. At WrestleMania 32, Charlotte beat Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks to win the new WWE Women's Championship, retiring the WWE Divas Championship in the process.

## Related pages
*WWE
*WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)
*WWE Women's Championship

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official WWE Divas Championship history
Charity

**Charity** could mean:

* Charity (practice), the practice of benevolent givings
* Charitable organization, an association formed for charitable purposes
* 501(c)(3) organization which is a USA specific category for a public charity or a private foundation
* Charity (virtue), in Christianity
* Charity (name), a given name
* Charity (racehorse)
* Charity (programming language)
* HMS *Charity* (R29), a Royal Navy destroyer
* Alms
* Altruism

**Places**:
* Charity, Guyana, a small town
* Charity Island, Saginaw Bay, Michigan

In **entertainment**:
* Charity (play), a play by W. S. Gilbert
* "Charity" (single), a single by Skunk Anansie
* Charity Shea, an actress in the upcoming TV series *The Best Years*

## Related pages
* Charites, Graces of Roman mythology
Alain Vigneault

**Alain Vigneault** (born May 14, 1961) formerly coached the Montreal Canadiens, Vancouver Canucks, and New York Rangers. He is currently coach of the Philadelphia Flyers.

## Other websites
*
John Tortorella

**John Robert Tortorella** (born June 24, 1958 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American ice hockey coach currently with the Philadelphia Flyers. 

He coached the Tampa Bay Lightning and won both the Jack Adams Award and the Stanley Cup, with the Lightning, in 2004. He coached the New York Rangers from February 23, 2009 to May 29, 2013. He was fired by the Rangers after a disappointing playoff run. He was hired to coach for the Vancouver Canucks for only one season before being relieved of duty after failing to qualify for the playoffs. He is currently with the Philadelphia Flyers as their coach. 

## NHL coaching record
## References
## Other websites
*
12 Rounds

**12 Rounds** is a British rock band that was started by Atticus Ross and singer Claudia Sarne.

## Albums 
* 1996: *Jitter Juice* (Polydor)
* 1998: *My Big Hero* (Nothing)
* 1998: * My Big Hero* (Interscope)

## Other websites 
* Official site
Geographic Names Information System

The **Geographic Names Information System** (**GNIS**) contains name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features in the United States of America and its Territories. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey and the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.

## Other websites 
* U.S. Board on Geographic Names website
* Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Emigration

'' by Ford Madox Brown, depicting emigrants leaving England]]

**Emigration** is leaving one's country or area to go live in another. Emigration (leaving) from one country is usually followed by Immigration (coming into) into another. The difference between the two is the  (or point of view) of which country a person is leaving and which country they are going to. 

The urge to migrate is a part of human nature. People migrated well before we had written history.
* The climate, or climatic events force people to move. Climatic events include floods, droughts, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.  This kind of migration is generally known as environmental migration. As an example, people left Plymouth, on the Island of Montserrat, after a series of volcanic eruptions in 1995.
* People have disadvantages where they live, often because they have special views or opinions, or they disagree with the majority or those in power.  Often they face persecution, for example because of special religious views or because they belong to an ethnic group. Many people emigrated from Europe to what was the "New World" because they had religious beliefs that were different from the majority.
* People who emigrate (or flee) from one country to another, for reasons including armed conflicts or wars are usually called refugees, once they arrive in another country.
* Very often people move to where the rest of their family lives.
International law handles the different groups of migrants differently.

## Images

File:GermanEmigrantsBoardingAShipInHamburg.jpg|German emigrants boarding a ship leaving for the US, in Hamburg, in 1850
File:Dorothea Lange, Drought refugees from Oklahoma camping by the roadside, Blythe, California, 1936.jpg|Drought refugees on a roadside in California, in 1936.
File:Migrant Workers from Florida to New Jersey, July 1940.jpg|Group of Florida migrants in  North Carolina on their way to New Jersey, to pick potatoes, in 1945
File:Hutterer-Frauen_bei_der_Arbeit.jpg|Hutterite women at work. Hutterites started to emigrate to the US in the 16th century. They still speak a language that resembles the German of the time. Today, there are about 45.000 Hutterites; most live in the US and Canada.

## Related pages
*Political asylum
*Deportation
*Diaspora
*Immigration
*Exile
*Human migration
*Refugee
*Migrant worker

## References
Assembly of Kosovo

The **Assembly of Kosovo** (, *Skupština Kosova*) is an institution linked to governing the territory of Kosovo. The Assembly was created by the United Nations to provide for a democratic form of government.

## Structure 
The assembly has 120 seats. 100 seats are filled with people directly elected into the assembly. The remaining 20 are always assigned as follows:
* 10 seats for the representatives of the Serbs.
* 4 seats for the representatives of the Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians.
* 3 seats for the Bosniaks.
* 2 seats for the Turks.
* 1 seat for the Gorans.
Brassicales

The **Brassicales** are an order of flowering plants. They are in the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system.

## Classification
* Order **Brassicales**
** Family Akaniaceae
** Family Bataceae (salt-tolerant shrubs from America and Australasia)
** Family Brassicaceae (mustard and cabbage family)
** Family Capparaceae (caper family, sometimes included in Brassicaceae)
** Family Caricaceae (papaya family)
** Family Gyrostemonaceae
** Family Koeberliniaceae
** Family Limnanthaceae (meadowfoam family)
** Family Moringaceae (thirteen species of trees from Africa and India)
** Family Pentadiplandraceae
** Family Resedaceae (mignonette family)
** Family Salvadoraceae
** Family Setchellanthaceae
** Family Tovariaceae
** Family Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family)
Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija

The **Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija**, or in ; in Albanian: Krahina Autonome e Kosovës dhe Metohisë, commonly known as **Kosovo and Metohija**, or in ; in Albanian: Kosova dhe Metohija, or **Kosovo**, or in ; in Albanian: Kosova, for short, and abbreviated as **KiM**  or **Kosmet** from ***Kos**ovo and **Met**ohija*;  means the area of Kosovo as the Constitution of Serbia says. The land is disputed between Serbia and the self-declared Republic of Kosovo, which currently has actual control over the land. Before the Republic of Kosovo, the area was controlled by Serbia (while Serbia was part of Yugoslavia) between 1912 and 1999.

The Constitution and laws of Serbia say that Kosovo in the southern part of Serbia and covers the areas of Kosovo and Metohija. The capital is Pristina. In the past, Kosovo was an autonomous province of Serbia when Serbia was part of Socialist Yugoslavia (1946–1990). When Socialist Yugoslavia ended in 1990, Kosovo became part of Serbia until the Kosovo War (1998–99). After the war, it became a United Nations (UN) controlled area due to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 but legally it was still part of Serbia. In that time, the United Nations Interim Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) governed. In 2008, some Albanian politicians said that Kosovo would be its own country. 98 member countries of the United Nations agree, but Serbia does not. It still thinks that Kosovo is part of it.

In 1990, when Kosovo was part of Yugoslavia, Slobodan Milošević's Anti-bureaucratic Revolution happened. This meant that Kosovo's government became less powerful and that Serbia had more control, like in 1971–74. That year, Kosovo's Albanian majority and also the Republic of Albania agreed with the declaration of independence of the Republic of Kosova. Because of the Kosovo War in 1999, the Serbian army was kicked out of Kosovo.

In February 2008, the Republic of Kosovo declared independence. Serbia does not agree, but in the Brussels agreement of 2013, it got rid of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija government.. Kosovo's independence is currently recognized by 95 UN member states. In 2013, the Serbian government said it was getting rid of the Serb minority councils it had made in northern Kosovo, in order to allow the Kosovo Serb minority to become more like the general population of Kosovo.

## References
World Economic Forum

The **World Economic Forum** is a foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland. It is known for controlling the world’s governments alongside the Peoples Republic of China and the World Health Organization in the mountains of Graubünden. Important leaders from politics (such as presidents) and the economy are given an opportunity to talk about subjects that concern everyone. Very often, these subjects concern globalization. Usually the Swiss army helps secure the area.

These meetings are often criticized because they are seen as a vehicle to further capitalism in the world by anti-capitalists and supporters of antiglobalization. There is an organization called *Public Eye On Davos* that organizes public information during the meeting. During the meetings, which involve the G8, access to the village of Davos is heavily controlled. A small demonstration happens every year in Davos during these meetings. This is one of the rights given by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Bigger demonstrations are normally in the other cities in Switzerland during the World Economic Forum. at the Forum, also in 2007]]

## History 
The forum was established in 1971. WEF members are about 1,000 large companies and organizations from around the world, including Russia. The permanent executive body is the Board of Directors. The headquarters is located in the suburbs of Geneva - Cologny. The budget is formed from annual membership fees and funds contributed by the Forum participants. Membership is reviewed annually.

The founder and permanent leader of the WEF is Professor Klaus Schwab. On his initiative, the first symposium was held in 1971, bringing together about 450 leaders of leading European companies to discuss the prospects for the world economy and develop a common strategy. At the first meetings, which were held under the auspices of the Commission of the European Communities (now the European Commission), the issues of improving the position of Western Europe in the competitive struggle were discussed mainly. Over the years, the topics gradually expanded, the agenda included political and economic issues affecting other regions, problems of improving the mechanism of world trade, correct partnership. In the mid-1970s, influential people from all over the world (members of governments and business leaders) began to be invited to Davos, and in the next decade the forum acquired the status of one of the main events of the year.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official homepage of the WEF
Boogie-woogie

**Boogie-woogie** is a solo piano-style that became very popular in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Boogie-woogie was developed in the southern parts of the USA. Boogie-woogie is connected with dancing. 

It has a regular bass figure, an ostinato and simple examples of shifts of level.

## Notable players
* Albert Ammons
* Deanna Bogart  
* James Booker
* Eddie Boyd
* Eden Brent
* Cleo Patra Brown
* Leroy Carr
* Cow Cow Davenport
* Champion Jack Dupree
* Big Joe Duskin
* Erwin Helfer
* Jools Holland
* Dr. John
* Pete Johnson
* Meade Lux Lewis
* Memphis Slim
* Big Maceo Merriweather
* Amos Milburn
* Piano Red
* Pinetop Perkins
* Martin Pyrker
* Ann Rabson
* Mike Sanchez
* Pinetop Smith
* Otis Spann
* Speckled Red
* Roosevelt Sykes
* Montana Taylor
* Hersal Thomas
* Sippie Wallace
* Vince Weber
* Katie Webster
* Mitch Woods
* Jimmy Yancey
* Axel Zwingenberger

## Other websites 
* The Boogie Woogie Foundation (contains extensive article on the history of Boogie Woogie)
* Boogie Woogie Piano Articles
* All Things Boogie
*
### Festivals 
* International Boogie Woogie Festival Netherlands
* International Boogie Woogie Festival Switzerland
Country blues

**Country blues** (also **folk blues**, **rural blues**, **backwoods blues**, or **downhome blues**) is all the acoustic, guitar forms of the blues. 

## Important country blues musicians
*Etta Baker
*Robert Lowery
*Blind Blake
*Son House
*Bo Carter
*Charley Patton
*Tommy Johnson
*Robert Johnson
*Blind Lemon Jefferson
*Blind Willie Johnson
*Blind Willie McTell
*Sleepy John Estes
*Fred McDowell
*Robert Pete Williams
*Skip James
*Bukka White
*Barbecue Bob
*Koko Taylor
*Mississippi John Hurt
*John Lee Hooker

*Muddy Waters
*Charles David Sharp
*Elizabeth Cotten
*Reverend Gary Davis
*Charlie McCoy
*Chaz Van Gogh
*Jaybird Coleman
*Furry Lewis
*Big Bill Broonzy
*Blind Boy Fuller
*Brownie McGhee
*Robert Belfour
*King Solomon Hill
*Peetie Wheatstraw
*Peps Persson
*Josh White
*R. L. Burnside
*Lightnin' Hopkins
*Little Walter
*Mance Lipscomb
Electric blues

The **electric blues** is a type of blues music made different by the amplification of the guitar, the bass guitar, and/or the harmonica.

## Important electric blues artists 
* John Lee Hooker
* Eric Clapton
* Fleetwood Mac
* Rory Gallagher
* Buddy Guy
* Slim Harpo
* Elmore James
* B.B. King
* Jimmy Reed
* Eric Sardinas
* Stevie Ray Vaughan
* Muddy Waters
* Bo Diddley
* Howlin' Wolf
* Jimi Hendrix
* Jay Gordon
* Led Zeppelin
* Cream
Jump blues

**Jump blues** is a type of up-tempo blues music. It has a jazzly, saxophone (or brass instruments) sound, driving rhythms and shouted vocals.

## Other websites
* Lindy Hop Style of Dancing used with Jump Blues
* Swing and Jump Blues Guitar Jump Blues Guitar  
* Short History of Jump Blues The Big Heat 
* Jump Blues Piano Overview of Piano Jump Blues styles
Chicago blues

The **Chicago blues** is a form of blues music that developed in Chicago, Illinois by adding electrically amplified guitar, drums, piano, bass guitar and sometimes saxophone to Delta blues.   

## Important Chicago blues musicians
Below is a list of notable Chicago blues musicians (and groups) alphabetized by **first** name (or stage name):

## Other websites
* Chicago Blues Playlist 
* France Jean Baptiste 
* Chicago blues example and lesson 
* Windy City Blues Internet Radio Station Featuring The Best In Chicago Blues Plus Other Blues Greats
Texas blues

**Texas Blues** is a type of blues. Musicians such as Stevie Ray Vaughan played it by using various types of guitar sounds like southern slide guitar and different melodies of blues and jazz. 

## Important artists 
* Albert Thunderbirds
* Lightnin' Hopkins 
* Blind Lemon Jefferson
* Billy Gibbons
* Freddie King
* Leadbelly
* Delbert McClinton
* Guitar Shorty
* Big Mama Thornton
* Jimmie Vaughan
* Stevie Ray Vaughan
* T-Bone Walker 
* Johnny Winter
* Canned Heat
List of blues genres

*Acid Blues
*Blues-rock
*Blues shouter
*Boogie-woogie
*British blues
*Canadian blues
*Chicago blues
*Classic female blues
*Delta blues

*New Rhythm and Blues
*Country blues
*Detroit blues
*Gospel blues
*Hokum blues
*Jazz blues
*Jump blues
*Kansas City blues
*Louisiana blues

*Memphis blues
*Piano blues
*Piedmont blues
*Punk blues
*Rhythm and Blues
*Soul blues
*St. Louis blues
*Swamp blues
*Texas blues
*West Coast blues
Soul blues

**Soul blues** is a style of blues music developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Singers and musicians who grew up listening to the electric blues of Muddy Waters, Bo Diddley, Jimmy Reed, Elmore James etc. and soul singers such as Sam Cooke, Ray Charles and Otis Redding, and gospel music wanted to connect their favorite music.

## Artists 
Musicians in this style include Z. Z. Hill, Otis Clay, Latimore, Little Milton, Johnny Adams, Solomon Burke, Wilson Pickett, Bobby Rush and Johnnie Taylor.
East Coast blues

**East Coast blues** is a type of Blues music which needs fast fingerpicking and ragtime style.

## Important Artists
*Louis Jordan
*Blind Boy Fuller
*Sonny Terry
Hexapoda

The subphylum **Hexapoda**, meaning "six legs", is the largest  group of arthropods. It includes the insects and three much smaller groups of arthropods without wings: Collembola, Protura, and Diplura. 

All of these were once called insects. It seems they are polyphyletic, and evolved independently from each other. In other words, hexapoda is composed from the insects and the Entognatha. *Hexapods* are so called because they have a thorax with three pairs of legs. Most other arthropods have more than three pairs of legs.

Alternatively, the Hexapoda could be eliminated because they are polyphyletic, the Insecta promoted to sub-phylum, and the minor groups become *incertae sedis*. This is a Latin term meaning "of uncertain placement" and used for a taxonomic group when its broader relationships are unknown or undefined.
St. Louis blues

*For the hockey team, see St. Louis Blues.*

The **St. Louis blues** is a type of blues music.  It is played on the piano and is closely related to the jump blues, ragtime and piano blues. 

## St. Louis blues artists 
*Fontella Bass
*Chuck Berry
*Henry Brown
*Teddy Darby
*Walter Davis
*Donny Hathaway
*Johnnie Johnson
*Lonnie Johnson
*Albert King
*Robert Lockwood, Jr.
*Jimmy McCracklin
*Robert Nighthawk
*St. Louis Jimmy Oden
*Roosevelt Sykes
*Henry Townsend
*Ike Turner
*Bennie Smith
Louisiana blues

The **Louisiana blues** is a type of blues music with slow rhythm which makes the sound dark and tense. 

## Louisiana blues musicians
*Nathan Abshire
*Marcia Ball
*Guitar Junior
*Slim Harpo
*Jessie Hill
*Lazy Lester
*Lightnin' Slim
*Raful Neal
*Tabby Thomas
*Katie Webster
*Robert Pete Williams
*Snooks Eaglin
Erinaceidae

**Erinaceidae** is a family in the mammalian order Eulipotyphla. It contains the well-known hedgehogs of Eurasia and Africa and the moonrats of South-east Asia. This family was once in the order Insectivora, but that  order is not used anymore.

## Characteristics
Erinaceids are generally shrew-like in form, with long snouts and short tails,  but they are much larger than shrews. All but one species have five toes in each foot (in some cases with strong claws for digging) and they have large eyes and ears. Hedgehogs have hair modified into sharp spines to form a protective covering over the upper body and flanks, while gymnures have only normal hair. Most species have anal scent glands, but these are far better developed in gymnures, which can have a powerful odor.

Erinaceids are omnivorous, with the major part of their diet consisting of insects, earthworms, and other small invertebrates. They also eat seeds and fruit, and occasionally bird's eggs, along with any carrion they come across. Their teeth are sharp and suited for impaling invertebrate prey. The dental formula for erinaceids is: upper=2-3.1.4.3; lower=3.1.2-4.3.

Hedgehogs are nocturnal, but gymnures are less so. Many species live in simple burrows, while others build temporary nests on the surface from leaves and grass, or shelter in hollow logs or similar hiding places. Erinaceids are solitary animals outside the breeding season, and the father plays no role in raising the young.

Female erinaceids give birth after a gestation period of around six to seven weeks. The young are born blind and hairless, although hedgehogs begin to sprout their spines within 36 hours of birth.

## Classification
There are 10 genera and 24 species of erinaceid.
***ORDER ERINACEOMORPHA**
****Family Erinaceidae**
*** Subfamily Erinaceinae (Hedgehogs)
*** Subfamily Galericinae (Gymnures, or Moonrats)

## References
New Orleans blues

**New Orleans blues** is a mix of Dixieland music and rhythms from Caribbean music. It is played on the piano or a horn instrument. The music is upbeat despite the blues-based content of many of the song choices.

## References