open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sava Stojkov

**Sava Stojkov** (Serbian Cyrillic: Сава Стојков; 29 March 1925 – 20 August 2014) was a Serbian naive art painter. He was known for his environment depictions, as well as for his pre-photorealistic tendencies.

Stojkov has exhibited at over 650 group exhibitions and received over 40 awards for his work worldwide. Ten books, monographs and 12 painting maps were published about his art and a large number of documentary movies, radio and television shows were recorded about his works. 

Stojkov was one of the most popular painters in Serbia and in the region. He painted landscapes and plains of Vojvodina, portraits of its people, and occasionally worked in specific oil-on-glass technique.

Stojkov died on 20 August 2014 in Sombor, Serbia, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
*Biography and Awards  (Bio in Serbian, Awards in English)
Kaufman Astoria Studios

**Kaufman Astoria Studios** is a movie studio in New York.

## Television shows filmed here 
*Sesame Street (1993-Present)
*Ghostwriter (1993-1996)
*Square One TV (1995-1996)
*Big Bag (1996-1998)
*The Electric Company (2009-2011)
American Cocker Spaniel

for dogs]]

The **American Cocker Spaniel** is a  breed of dog. It is one of many Spaniel breeds. In the United States, the breed is usually called the Cocker Spaniel. In other parts of the world, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel. This is because there is a Cocker Spaniel called  English Cocker Spaniel. They are clever, loving and happy dogs.

## The breed
The breed is the smallest of the sporting or hunting dogs. Also, there are some differences between it and its English relative. It is a happy and intelligent working breed. Because of having been bred to meet show dog qualities, it is no longer an ideal working dog. These Spaniels now have many health problems with their hearts, eyes and ears.

The American Cocker has a medium long silky coat of fur. It has an upturned nose, either black or brown. It has long, silky ears that hang down. The eyes are large, dark in color and round.  Fur colors can be black, tan, cream, dark red, buff, roan and sometimes merle.

## Behavior 
This dog breed is nicknamed the "Merry Cocker".  The American Cocker Spaniel is in 20th place in Stanley Coren's *The Intelligence of Dogs*. This means this dog is excellent in "Working or Obedience Intelligence" and in being trained.

If they are played with and loved as puppies, American Cockers can get along with people, children, other dogs and other pets.

Because they have now been bred to have a long coat, they can no longer be active enough to hunt or be exercised outside.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* American Spaniel Club
* Animal Planet: American Cocker Spaniel: Is this the breed for you? 

* American Cocker Spaniel France
Raed al Atar

**Raed al Atar** (1974 &ndash; 21 August 2014) was a Palestinian military personal. He was the commander of the Rafah company of the Hamas Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. He was also a member of the Hamas high military council. According to the Congressional Research Service analyst Jim Zanotti, his command was important due to Rafah being the destination point for the smuggling tunnels from Egypt. al Atar was born in Gaza.

Al Atar was killed in Rafah, Gaza on 21 August 2014 in a missiles strike by the Israeli army.

## References
Amanda Palmer

, New Zealand, September 2006]]
**Amanda MacKinnon Gaiman Palmer** (born April 30, 1976), sometimes known as **Amanda Palmer**, is an American musician. She became famous for being the singer of The Dresden Dolls. In 2008 her first solo album *Who Killed Amanda Palmer* was released by Roadrunner. Her second album *Theatre Is Evil* was released in 2012.

Palmer was born in New York City. She grew up in Lexington, Massachusetts.

At a Halloween party in 2000, Palmer met drummer Brian Viglione. Afterwards Palmer and Viglione started The Dresden Dolls.

Palmer has been married to English writer Neil Gaiman since 2011.

## References
## Other websites
* Amanda Palmer's official site
Casimir Pulaski

**Count Kazimierz Michał Władysław Wiktor Pułaski** of Ślepowron coat of arms (; March 6, 1745 October 11, 1779) was a Polish nobleman, soldier and military commander who has been called "the father of the American cavalry".

Pulaski was one of the leading military commanders for the Bar Confederation and fought against Russian domination of the Commonwealth. When this uprising failed, he was driven into exile. Following a recommendation by Benjamin Franklin, Pulaski emigrated to North America to help in the cause of the American Revolutionary War. He distinguished himself throughout the revolution. He most notably when he saved the life of George Washington. Pulaski became a general in the Continental Army. He created the Pulaski Cavalry Legion. He also created the American cavalry. At the Battle of Savannah, while leading a daring charge against British forces, he was gravely wounded, and died shortly thereafter.

In 2009, he was honored by becoming an honorary U.S. citizen.

## References
## More reading
*  Url
*  Url
*  Url
* 
* 

## Other websites
* A Chronology of Casimir Pulaski's Life 1745–1779
* One More Funeral of Kazimierz Pulaski 221 Years After his Death
*
* Casimir Pulaski Day , the Office of Civil Rights and Diversity at Eastern Illinois University. Leszek Szymański, *Casimir Pulaski: A Hero of the American Revolution*, E207.P8 S97 1994.
*  for his reputed burial site in Savannah, Georgia {for reference only}
* 
* Casimir Pulaski Foundation
Raphael (archangel)

]]
**Raphael** is an archangel (arch means "highest" or "chief").  He is known in various religions as an angel who does acts of healing. The name *Raphael* means "It is God who heals", "God Heals", "God, Please Heal". Raphael is an angel in the Bible. His feast days (celebration days) are on September 29 and October 24.

## In religions
Raphael is an archangel in Judaism and Christianity. In Islam, Raphael is the fourth major angel; in Muslim tradition, he is known as Israfil. Raphael is also an angel in Mormonism, as he is briefly mentioned in the Doctrine and Covenants.

## In the Bible
Raphael is generally associated with the angel mentioned in the Gospel of John as stirring the water at the healing pool of Bethesda. Raphael is spoken about in the Book of Tobit.  Raphael was sent by the Lord to heal Tobit of his blindness. He also takes care of Tobit son, Tobias. He walks with Tobias to the village where he meets his future wife, Sarah. Sarah needs to be rescued from a demon who kills everybody who goes near her. This evil demon kills every man she marries on their wedding night. While they walk, Tobias and the Angel catch a fish together. Raphael told Tobias to catch a fish and use the gallbladder to heal Tobit's eyes. Raphael also told Tobias how to protect himself from the demon.  Tobias made a little fire and was burning the heart and liver of the fish. Tobias was driving away the evil demon with smoke.

## Angel
Raphael is the angel who can heal. He is the patron saint (taking care of) the young people, shepherds; sick people and travelers. He can cure eye problems and nightmares.

He is a special angel of the apothecaries; meaning nurses, pharmacists, physicians and jobs like those. He can also be the guardian angel of happy meetings. Raphael is said to guard pilgrims on their journeys, and is often shown holding a staff. He is also often shown holding or standing on a fish. The fish is a symbol of his healing of Tobias's father Tobit with the fish's gall.

## References
Jean Redpath

**Jean Redpath**  (28 April 1937 &ndash; 21 August 2014) was a Scottish folk singer-songwriter. She released over 23 albums between 1962 and 1995. She was worked with American folk legend such as Bob Dylan and Ramblin' Jack Elliott. Her last album was ''The Moon's Silver Cradle''.

Redpath was born in Edinburgh and raised in Leven, Fife. As a young adult, she moved to the United States to begin a music career. She was given an MBE in 1987.

Redpath died from cancer on 21 August 2014 at a hospital in Arizona. She was 77.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Robert Hansen

**Robert Christian Hansen** (February 15, 1939 - August 21, 2014), known in the media as the **"Butcher Baker"**, was an American serial killer. In 1960, he burned down a bus garage.

Hansen died at the age of 75, at Alaska Regional Hospital in Anchorage on August 21, 2014 due to an illness.

## References
## Other websites
*  
*
Azerbaijani rock

**Azerbaijani rock** is a type of rock music sung by Azerbaijani people. In the Soviet era, rock music was forbidden because the Communist Party of the Soviet Union believed it was a "Western anti-socialist" influence. However, in the 1980s popular rock bands in Azerbaijan began to emerge. The Azerbaijanis blended folk music with their rock music. After Bolshevism, progressive rock music began to be popular among Azerbaijani people. Since 2004, the Azerbaijan Music Awards honors musicians who record rock music.

## Other websites 
* Azerbaijans.com - Music » Rock
Prime number theorem

The **prime number theorem** is a theorem from number theory. Prime numbers are not distributed evenly across the number range. The theorem formalizes the idea that the probability of hitting a prime number between 1 and a given number becomes smaller, as numbers grow. This probability is about n/ln(n), where ln(n) is the natural logarithm function. This means that the probability of hitting a prime number with 2n digits is about half as likely than with n digits. For example, among the positive integers of at most 1000 digits, about one in 2300 is prime (ln&nbsp;101000 ≈ 2302.6), whereas among positive integers of at most 2000 digits, about one in 4600 is prime (ln&nbsp;102000 ≈ 4605.2). In other words, the average gap between consecutive prime numbers among the first *N* integers is roughly ln(*N*).

Fifteen-year old Carl Friedrich Gauss suspected that there was a link between prime numbers and logarithms in 1793. Adrien-Marie Legendre also suspected such a link in 1798. Jacques Hadamard and Charles-Jean de La Vallée Poussin proved the prime number theorem in 1896, over a century after Gauss.

## References
Knock Shrine

**Knock Shrine** () is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage site. In 1879, a religious vision was said to have happened in the village of Knock, County Mayo, Ireland. It was seen by fifteen people. The vision was of The Virgin Mary, Saint Joseph, John the Evangelist, angels, and Jesus Christ as the Lamb of God. A church was later built on the site, to worship and remember this event.

## The vision 
On the evening of 21 August 1879, at about 8 o'clock, fifteen people, aged from five years to seventy-five included men, women, teenagers and children, witnessed this event.

They all said they saw an apparition of Our Lady, Saint Joseph, and Saint John the Evangelist on the wall of the small parish church. The little church was called the Church of Saint John the Baptist.

### Description 
The Blessed Virgin Mary was said to be beautiful, standing a few feet above the ground. She wore a white dress. She had a crown on her head. The crown was golden, sparkling, and glittering. She was described as "in prayer", with her eyes raised to heaven.

Saint Joseph, also wearing a white robe, stood on the Virgin's right hand. Behind the figures, to the left of Saint John was a plain altar. On the altar was a cross and a lamb, with angels around. The lamb is the symbol of Jesus. This symbol is from the religious phrase The Lamb of God)

Those who saw the apparition stood in the rain for up to two hours.

### Evidence 
An ecclesiastical inquiry was held to decide if the vision was true and not a mistake or fake.

The evidence was found to be trustworthy and not a lie.

Every August, ten thousand pilgrims go to visit the Knock Shrine .

The original little church is still there. A new Apparition chapel with statues of Our Lady, St Joseph, the lamb and St John the Evangelist, has been built next to it. Knock Basilica is a separate building showing a tapestry of the apparition.

## Related pages
* Knock, County Mayo
* Our Lady of Fátima
* Our Lady of Lourdes

## More reading 
* John MacPhilpin. *The Apparitions and Miracles at Knock*. PJ Kennedy. 1904
* Sister Mary Francis Clare. *Three Visits to Knock.* PJ Kennedy. 1904
* Neary, Tom, *I Saw Our Lady*.
## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Knock Shrine
* The music for the song "Lady of Knock"
Cat o' nine tails

The '''cat o' nine tails** is a multi-tailed whip. It is sometimes called just **the cat'''. It was first used to give severe physical punishment. It was used in the Royal Navy and British Army.

The cat o' nine tails is sometimes used in BDSM or sexual fetish activity.
Maria Altmann

**Maria Altmann** (February 18, 1916 – February 7, 2011) was a Jewish refugee from Nazi Austria to the United States. She was an art collector. Altmann's family owned five paintings painted by Gustav Klimt. They were stolen by Nazis during World War II. She was successful in getting back those five paintings, which included two portraits of her aunt, Adele Bloch-Bauer.

Altmann was born in Vienna, Austria. She died at age 94.

The movie *Woman in Gold* is based on Altmann's life.

## References
Mats Rådberg

**Mats Rådberg** (8 June 1948 in Stockholm &ndash; 27 June 2020 in Stockholm) was a Swedish country singer, guitarist, composer and architect. He scored several chart successes in Sweden during the 1970s and 80s. He is well known for working together with the country band Rankarna under the name *Mats Rådberg & Rankarna*. He also participated at Melodifestivalen 1977 with the song "Du och jag och sommaren". The song was written by Tomas Ledin, and ended up 10th.

Mats Rådberg also acted as a background singer behind Chips at Melodifestivalen 1980. In 1980, he released the album ''I'm the Singer, You're the Song* together with Elisabeth Andreasson. In 1983 he scored a hit with the song *Peta in en pinne i brasan*, a Swedish-language version of *Put Another Log on the Fire*.

Rådberg died on 27 June 2020 in Stockholm, aged 72.

## Discography
### Albums
* 1969 – Country Our Way (Rank Strangers)
* 1969 – Early Morning Rain (Rank Strangers) (the same as *Country Our Way'' released in Canada)
* 1970 – Rank Strangers featuring Mats Rådberg
* 1970 – Wellknown Strangers (Mats Rådberg & Rankarna)
* 1975 – På egen hand
* 1975 – We Weren't Born in Tennessee (Mats Rådberg & Rankarna)
* 1976 – Min musik
* 1976 – The Best of Mats Rådberg
* 1977 – Mats Rådberg
* 1978 – Boogie
* 1979 – Det handlar om känslor
* 1980 – Mina bästa låtar
* 1980 – I'm the Singer, You're the Song
* 1980 – Some Broken Hearts Never Mend
* 1982 – Mamma, låt inte din grabb växa upp och bli en cowboy
* 1983 – Take Me to the Country
* 1984 – Familjens Svarta Får
* 1987 – Country Cookin'
* 1988 – Jag ger dig min morgon
* 1996 – When We Were Young
* 2002 – 100% Mats Rådberg & Rankarna

## References
## Other websites
* Rankarna.se
Loleatta Holloway

**Loleatta Holloway** (November 5, 1946 – March 21, 2011) was an American singer. She was known mainly for disco songs, such as "Hit and Run" and "Love Sensation". 

Holloway was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died there from heart failure.
Liz Holzman

**Elizabeth E. "Liz" Holzman** (February 9, 1953 &ndash; August 11, 2014) was an American movie and television director, producer, animator and writer. She was best known for her work on the animated television shows *Animaniacs* and *Pinky and the Brain*. She won three Emmy Awards during the 1990s.

Holzman was born in San Francisco, California. She studied at Mills College and at the California Institute of the Arts. There she earned her MFA in movie graphics. She was also the Animation Department Chair at the Art Institute of Portland.

Holzman died from breast cancer on August 11, 2014 in Portland, Oregon. She was 61.

## References
## Other websites
*
Contour line

**Contour lines** or **isolines** are used when plotting a function of 2 variables. All the points where the function has the same value are connected. Two well-known examples where such lines are common are: height lines drawn on topographical maps, and showing areas with the same pressure or temperature on weather charts. Contour lines are an application of level sets. 

File:Topographic map example.png|A map of Stowe VT with height lines
File:IGRF 2000 magnetic declination.gif|World map showing magnetic lines, for the year 2000
File:Meltemi.jpg|Weather diagram showing *Meltemi* winds over Greece and Turkey
File:Temperature in Norway 2009.PNG|Temperature diagram of Norway: areas with the same temperature range have the same colour.
File:Arctic.svg|The +10 degree celsius isotherm (July) is commonly used to define the Arctic region.
Steven Sotloff

**Steven Joel Sotloff** (May 11, 1983 &ndash; September 2, 2014) was an American journalist. He is best known for his work for *Time*. He also worked for *The National Interest*, *Media Line*, and *Foreign Policy*. He has appeared on CNN and Fox News. He has traveled to Syria, Egypt, Turkey, Libya, and Bahrain.

Sotloff was born and raised in Miami, Florida. His father is Arthur Sotloff. His mother is Shirley Pulwer. He studied at universities in Florida and New Hampshire.

## Kidnapping
On August 4, 2013, Sotloff was kidnapped in Aleppo, Syria near the Turkey border. He is currently being held captive by ISIS Islamic militants in eastern Syria. On August 19, 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant released a video titled "A Message to America", showing the beheading of fellow journalist James Foley. At the end of the video, ISIS threatened U.S. president Barack Obama, telling him that "his next move" will decide the fate of Sotloff.

However, only days after this threat was released, the U.S. stepped up airstrikes against ISIS. The U.S. fired 14 missiles at various ISIS Humvees near the Mosul Dam.

## Beheading
On September 2, 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant released a video of the beheading of a man they identified as Sotloff.

## Related pages
* James Foley (photojournalist)

## References
War on Drugs

The **War on Drugs** is what people call a government program in the United States. The program was, officially, to end drug use.  It started in the early 1970s and the Reagan Administration gave it a lot of attention in the 1980s. The War on Drugs continued into the 1990s and 2000s. Presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush supported it.

The War on Drugs led to the capture of many drug dealers and ended many drug dealers in the United States. The Drug Policy Alliance said that the United States had spent $51 billion every year on the War on Drugs.

The War on Drugs also lead to the creation of the saying "Just Say No" which was created by Ronald Reagan's wife and First Lady Nancy Reagan. It was created to prevent teenagers doing drugs. 

## Related pages
* War in Afghanistan
* Mexican drug war
Sésamo

***Plaza Sésamo*** is the Spanish version of the *Sesame Street* television program.  It was first run in Mexico in 1972.

## Note
U. R. Ananthamurthy

**Udupi Rajagopalacharya Ananthamurthy** (; 21 December 1932 - 22 August 2014) was an Indian writer and critic. He wrote in the Kannada language. He was thought to be as one of the pioneers of the Navya movement. In 1998, he received the Padma Bhushan award from the Government of India. 

He was the Vice-Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala during the late 1980s. He was one of the finalists of Man Booker International Prize for the year 2013. 

Ananthamurthy died of cardiac arrest caused by renal failure on 22 August 2014 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
Trading Spouses

**Trading Spouses: Meet Your New Mommy** is a television show that aired in 2004-2007. Season 1 was released in 2004-2005, season 2 was released in 2005-2006, and season 3 was released in 2006-2007. Marguerite "God Warrior" Perrin (mother of Ashley Perrin and wife of Barry Perrin) (where she appeared in The Tyra Banks Show in 2006) (born 1961) appeared in this show.

## Other websites 
*
*Web3 Profiles
Pedicure

]]
The **pedicure** is a way to improve the appearance of feet and nails. The word *pedicure* refers to superficial cosmetic treatment of the feet and toenails. Pedicures can help prevent nail disorders and nail problems. They are very popular, especially among women.

Pedicures are not only limited to the nails. Usually, dead skin cells on the bottoms of feet are rubbed off with pumice stones. 

People have been pedicuring nails for over four thousand years.

## References
Shake It Off (Taylor Swift song)

"**Shake It Off**" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It is the first single from her fifth studio album, *1989*. It premiered during a Yahoo! live stream on August 18, 2014. The song's music video was released was also released on the same day.  The music video helped the song to debut at number one on the *Billboard* Hot 100.  It was ranked number 13 in the year-end Hot 100 of 2014. It is in G Mixolydian (the fifth mode of C major).

## Other websites
*

## References
Bruce Boxleitner

**Bruce William Boxleitner** (born May 12, 1950) is an American actor and science fiction and suspense writer. He is known for his leading roles in the television series *How the West Was Won*, ''Bring 'Em Back Alive*, *Scarecrow and Mrs. King* (with Kate Jackson), and *Babylon 5*. 

He is also known for his dual role as the characters Alan Bradley and Tron in the 1982 Walt Disney Pictures movie *Tron*, a role which he reprised in the 2010 sequel, *Tron: Legacy* and the animated series *Tron: Uprising''.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Deborah Sussman

**Deborah Evelyn Sussman** (May 26, 1931 &ndash; August 20, 2014) was an American artist and designer. She was a discoverer in the field of environmental graphic design. Her work put graphic design into architectural and public spaces. She worked on many projects, most notably the architectural landscape of the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was awarded an AIGA medal in 2004.

Sussman was born in Brooklyn borough of New York City, New York. Her father was a skilled commercial artist.

Sussman died from breast cancer on August 20, 2014 in Los Angeles, California. She was 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Cecil D. Andrus

**Cecil Dale Andrus** (August 25, 1931 &ndash; August 24, 2017) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was Governor of Idaho for 14 years. He was governor from 1971 to 1977 and again from 1987 to 1995. He was U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1977 to 1981, during the Carter administration.

Andrus died on August 24, 2017 in Boise, from complications of lung cancer.

## References
## Further reading
* *Cecil Andrus: Politics Western Style* (September 1998), Sasquatch Books,
Commode

A **commode** is a special piece of furniture. The word comes form the French word and means *convenient*. The commode developed from the chest. Commodes have drawers, so handling them is more convenient than handling a chest. Commodes have been in common usage since the 18th century.
Tom Snyder

**Thomas James "Tom" Snyder** (May 12, 1936 – July 29, 2007) was an American television personality, news anchor, and radio personality. He was best known for his late night talk shows *The Tomorrow Show* and *The Late Late Show*. Snyder was also an anchor of the primetime *NBC News Update*.

Snyder died of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in San Francisco, California, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
James Freeman Gilbert

**J. Freeman Gilbert** (August 9, 1931 – August 15, 2014) was an American geophysicist. He was best known for his work with George E. Backus on inverting geophysical data, and also for his role in establishing an international network of long-period seismometers.

## Early life 
Gilbert was born in Vincennes, Indiana. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles.

## Awards 
Gilbert received many honors, including the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1981; the William Bowie Medal in 1999; and the Medal of the Seismological Society of America in 2004.

## Later years and death 
In his later years, Gilbert travelled throughout the world with his wife, Sally Gilbert. He died after being injured in a car accident in Southern Oregon on August 15, 2014. He was 83 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* J. Freeman Gilbert Biography
2014–15 Premier League

The **2014–15 Premier League** is the 23rd season of the **Premier League**. It is the top English professional league for association football clubs since it started in 1992. The fixtures were announced on 18 June 2014.	
The season started on Saturday 16 August 2014 and will end on Sunday 24 May 2015.

## Teams
A total of 20 teams will play in the league. The top 17 sides from the 2013–14 season and the three promoted from the 2013–14 Football League Championship.
On 5 April 2014, Leicester City earned promotion from the 2013–14 Football League Championship after ten-years away from the Premier League.  They became champions after beating Bolton Wanderers on 22 April 2014.  On 21 April 2014, Burnley earned promotion to the Premier League with second place. This followed their win over Wigan Athletic. On 24 May 2014 Queens Park Rangers were the final team to be promoted after winning the 2014 Football League Championship play-off Final. They won 1–0 against Derby County at Wembley Stadium in London. The three teams replace Cardiff City, Fulham and Norwich City, who were all relegated to the Championship at the end of the previous season.

### Stadia and locations
:*Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.*

### Personnel and kits
Note: Flags are determined by FIFA eligibility rules.

* Referee kits are made by Nike and are sponsored by EA Sports. Nike has a new match ball: the Ordem Premier League.

### Managerial changes
## Season statistics
### Scoring
#### Top scorers
#### Hat-tricks
4 Player scored 4 goals

### Clean sheets
### Discipline
#### Player
*Most yellow cards: **9**
**Lee Cattermole (Sunderland)

*Most red cards: **2**
**Sunderland

*Most red cards: **5**
**Aston Villa
**Swansea City

## Awards
### Monthly awards
## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Roscoe Arbuckle

**Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle** (March 24, 1887 – June 29, 1933) was an American silent movie actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He helped Charlie Chaplin become an actor. He discovered Buster Keaton and Bob Hope. 

Arbuckle was one of the most popular silent stars of the 1910s. He soon became one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood. He once signed a contract in 1921 with Paramount Pictures for US$1 million.

Arbuckle was accused of three counts of rape and for murdering actress Virginia Rappe. Arbuckle was later found not guilty and the jury gave Arbuckle a formal apology.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
*
*Crime Library on Roscoe Arbuckle 
*
*Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle Photos 
*Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle website: CallMeFatty.com 
*Contemporary press articles pertaining to Arbuckle
*Literature on Roscoe Arbuckle
*Banned Film Resurfaces 90 Years After San Francisco Scandal  at sfgate.com
Gordon Faber

**Gordon C. Faber** (April 2, 1931 &ndash; August 18, 2014) was an American politician and businessman from the U.S. state of Oregon. He was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, he grew up in Hillsboro, Oregon.

He joined the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War and was a small business owner before becoming a real estate agent and entering politics. He served on Hillsboro's budget committee and city council before serving two terms as mayor from 1993 to 2001.

Faber died on August 18, 2014, at home in Hillsboro, Oregon at the age of 83 due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

## References
Neil Goldschmidt

**Neil Edward Goldschmidt** (June 16, 1940 &ndash; June 12, 2024) was an American politician and businessman. He served as Governor of Oregon January 1987 through January 1991.

Goldschmidt also served as United States Secretary of Transportation under President Jimmy Carter from August 1979 through January 1981. He also served as Mayor of Portland, Oregon from January 1973 through January 1979.

He was a member of Democratic Party.

Goldschmidt was born in Eugene, Oregon.

In 2004, it was revealed that when Goldschmidt was mayor of Portland, he had repeatedly raped a 13-year-old girl. It was also revealed the sexual abuse continued when he was governor. The entire abuse was covered up by officials who worked for Goldschmidt.

## References
## Other websites
* President Carter greets Secretary Goldschmidt, a photo published November 4, 1980, in *The Oregonian*, from that newspaper's flickr account.
*
Jason Momoa

**Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa** (born August 1, 1979) is an American actor, model, director, writer and producer. He played Ronon Dex in the television series *Stargate: Atlantis* and as Khal Drogo in the Home Box Office television series *Game of Thrones*. His father is of Native Hawaiian descent, and his mother is of German, Irish and Native American descent.

He also starred in the movie *Conan the Barbarian*. In 2014, he directed his first movie *Road to Paloma*. Momoa played Duncan Idaho in Dune and Aquaman, one of the superheroes in *Batman vs Superman: Dawn of Justice*, *Justice League* and the 2018 movie of the same name.

Momoa will play Lobo in the upcoming DC Universe (DCU) movie *Supergirl: Woman of Tomorrow* (2026).

## Other Websites 
*https://www.fernsehserien.tv/serien-mit-jason-momoa.shtml

## References
Ray LaHood

**Raymond H. "Ray" LaHood** (born December 6, 1945) is an American politician. He served as United States Secretary of Transportation from 2009 until 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. LaHood represented Illinois's 18th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 2009. His son is congressman Darin LaHood.

## References
## Other websites
* Secretary Ray LaHood at the United States Department of Transportation
* Ray LaHood on the Daily Show, December 15, 2009
* 
*C-SPAN *Q&A* interview with LaHood, September 2, 2007
* Profile  at SourceWatch
*
The Game

"**The Game**" is a song by DragonForce. It is the second single and first track from the studio album Maximum Overload. The song has a music video released on June 18 2014 on YouTube. The song featured Matt Heafy.

## Other websites
*
Hillsboro, Texas

**Hillsboro** is a city in and the county seat of Hill County in Central Texas. The population was 8,221 at the 2020 census.

## References
## Other websites
* Official city website
John Sherman Cooper

**John Sherman Cooper** (August 23, 1901&nbsp;– February 21, 1991) was an American politician, jurist, and diplomat from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He served three non-consecutive terms in the United States Senate before being elected to two full terms in 1960 and 1966.

He also served as U.S. Ambassador to India from 1955 to 1956 and U.S. Ambassador to East Germany from 1974 to 1976. He was the first Republican to be popularly elected to more than one term as a senator from Kentucky and, in both 1960 and 1966. He set records for the largest victory margin for a Kentucky senatorial candidate from either party.

## Further reading
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## Other websites
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*Cooper on the cover of *Time* magazine, July 5, 1954
Harry Fielding Reid

**Harry Fielding Reid** (May 18, 1859 – June 18, 1944) was an American geophysicist. He was known for his works to seismology, mostly in his theory of elastic rebound that was about faults to earthquakes.

## References
Tom Poston

**Thomas Gordon "Tom" Poston** (October 17, 1921 – April 30, 2007) was an American television and movie actor. His career began during the 1950s. 

According to USA Today Life editor Dennis Moore, Poston appeared in more sitcoms than any other actor. In the 1980s, he played George Utley, opposite Bob Newhart's character on *Newhart* and Burt Sigurdson in ''That '70s Show''.

After a short illness, Poston died of respiratory failure on April 30, 2007, in Los Angeles, California at the age of 85.

## References
## Other websites
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* Tom Poston interview at the Archive of American Television
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Rodney E. Slater

**Rodney Earl Slater** (born February 23, 1955) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of Transportation under U.S. President Bill Clinton. He is a member of the Democratic Party

Slater was born in Marianna, Arkansas.

Slater graduated from Eastern Michigan University in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Arkansas School of Law in 1980.

After Clinton was elected president, 1993 Slater became the first African-American Director of the Federal Highway Administration.

In 1997, Slater was appointed to be the Secretary of Transportation. He was the second African American to hold that post.

## References
James H. Burnley IV

**James Horace Burnley IV** (born July 30, 1948) is an American politician and lawyer. He served as the United States Secretary of Transportation from 1987 until 1989. He served during the administration of President Ronald Reagan.

## References
## Other websites
*Venable.com profile 
*Intercollegiate studies Instititute page 
*American Enterprise Institute page mention
Gremlins 2: The New Batch (video game)

***Gremlins 2: The New Batch*** is a 1990 video game. This video game was based on the movie of the same name. It was developed for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and Game Boy. In the NES game, the player controls the character Gizmo through various levels in a building. Gizmo has weapons. The goal is to reach the Gremlin Control Centre to kill all the gremlins inside.

## References
Birgitta Stenberg

**Birgitta Stenberg** (26 April 1932 &ndash; 23 August 2014) was a Swedish author, translator and illustrator. She was the 2005 winner of the Selma Lagerlöf Prize.

Stenberg was born in Stockholm in 1932. She was educated in Visby and finally in Paris. She became a Swedish author, translator and illustrator. She lived in Åstol in Sweden. She has won the Swedish Selma Lagerlöf Prize for literature in 2005. 

Stenberg died from hepatic cancer (type of liver cancer) on 23 August 2014 in Tiveden, Sweden, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website  
*
Square One TV

***Square One TV*** is an American children's television series. It was produced by the Children's Television Workshop. The purpose is to teach mathematics to young viewers. It was aired on January 26, 1987 to November 6, 1992.

*Square One* features a variety of short events all with a mathematical theme, for example *Mathman*, a parody of *Pac-Man*; *Mathnet*, parody of *Dragnet*, and *Late Afternoon with David Numberman*, parody of *Late Night with David Letterman*.

## References
John S. Waugh

**John Stewart Waugh** (April 25, 1929 &ndash; August 22, 2014) was an American chemist and educator. He was an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for making normal hamiltonian theory and using it to extend NMR spectroscopy, before only limited to liquids, to the solid state. In 1974, he was elected as a member in the Chemistry section of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). In 1983, he was awarded Wolf Prize in Chemistry with Herbert S. Gutowsky and Harden M. McConnell.

Waugh was born in Willimantic, Connecticut. He was married to Susan and had two children.

Waugh died on August 22, 2014 in Lincoln, Massachusetts, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
* John S. Waugh  at the Wolf Foundation website
* John S. Waugh  at the MIT Department of Chemistry webpage
Ganesh Chaturthi

**Ganesha Chaturthi** is the 10 day-long Hindu festival held on the birthday of the Lord Ganesha.  He is the son of Shiva and Parvati. It is celebrated all over India. For example in 2022 it will be celebrated on August 31th. It is celebrated widely in Maharashtra. On this occasion people make special *"modaks"* which are loved by Lord Ganesha. Lalbaug is a place that every year celebrates Ganesh Chaturthi on a large scale. 

There are Ganesha's form like Bal Ganesh, Lalbaugchya Raja, Siddhivinayak Maharaj, and Dhagru Sheth. The most popular ones are: Shreemant Dagdusheth Halwai Ganpati Mandir and Lalbaugcha Raja.

## Overview 
Ganesh Chaturthi is also called **Vinayaka Chaturthi**, it is a pure Hindu festival, during this festival people pray Lord Ganesha with great devotion. In this occasion people keep their clay idols privately in their homes, or publicly on big pandals (or temporary stages or altars).

It starts with Vedic hymns, prayers, vrata and hindu texts such as Ganesha Upanishad. Offerings of prasada after the prayer and distributing amongst the community people, prasad include sweets, modaka (it is believed to be the favourite sweet of ganesha). This festival starts on the fourth day of Hindu luni-solar calendar month Bhadrapada, which normally falls in the month of August or September. The Ganesha chaturthi ends on the tenth day. 

Celebrations include four stages of rituals:

# Pranapratistha - It involves the positioning of the idol or deity of Lord Ganesha into the pandals. This calls for a big celebration. People pray and sing various folk songs while bringing the deity to the Pandals. They play with colours as well.
# Shodasopachara - It involves praying to the lord and offering him puja.
# Uttarpuja. It involves a ceremony after which the deity can be moved from his position. After this ritual, the idol is moved among the public so that they can take his blessings.
Ganpati Visarjan. At this stage, the idol is immersed into the river, sea or ocean. He is believed to go back to Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati after the immersion.

## References
Hillsborough, North Carolina

**Hillsborough** is a town and county seat of Orange County, North Carolina. The population was 9,660 in 2020.

## References
Victor Chang

]]
**Victor Peter Chang**  (born **Chang Yam Him**; 21 November 1936 &ndash; 4 July 1991) was an Australian heart surgeon. He has been called a  of modern heart transplantation. He also helped with the development of an artificial heart valve. He worked at St Vincent's Hospital with his team who had high success rates of heart transplants.

Chang was born in Shanghai to Australian-born Chinese parents. He first grew up in Hong Kong before moving to Sydney, New South Wales, in 1951. He studied and trained at the University of Sydney as well as in the United Kingdom and the United States. He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1986. He was married to English-born Ann Simmons. The couple had three children.

Chang was murdered on 4 July 1991 in Mosman, Sydney. He was 54. He was shot in the head twice for turning down the efforts of extortion by two men. The men, Malaysians Chew Seng "Ah Sung" Liew and Choon Tee "Phillip" Lim, first ran their vehicle into Chang's car, making him pull over. After arguing, Chang was shot dead by Liew. The men both later spent time in jail.

## References
## Other websites
* Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute
Wierden

**Wierden** is a municipality and town in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 25,000 were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region.

## References 
* Plaatsengids.nl
Treadmill

s in a treadmill in the Atlas Mountains]]

A **treadmill** is a device for walking or running, while staying in the same place. Before there was steam power, such treadmills were used to power machines. That way,  the work of animals or people could be used in the machines. Such treadmills were also used as a form of punishment in prisons.
Chapelle royale de Dreux

The **Royal Chapel of Dreux** () is the traditional resting place for members of the royal House of Orléans. It is located in the town of Dreux in France. 

The land on which the chapel was built on was owned by the Duke of Penthièvre, whose daughter Marie Adélaïde married the Duke of Orléans in 1769. Following the death of the Duke of Penthièvre his daughter inherited a majority of his vast estates including the land of Dreux. The Orléans family later used the chapel there as their own personal burial place following the reign of Louis Philippe I.
Colombiana

***Colombiana*** is a 2011 French crime drama action movie set in Bogotá and Chicago. Zoe Saldana plays Cataleya, a hired killer whose parents are murdered when she is a child, so she seeks revenge. Cliff Curtis plays Emilio.

This movie got mixed reviews from critics. It made almost $61 million.

## Other websites 
*
Annefleur Kalvenhaar

**Annefleur Kalvenhaar** (10 June 1994 &ndash; 23 August 2014) was a Dutch cyclist and mountain biker. She won the European Cyclo-cross Championships in 2013. She began her career at the age of 13. She participated for the first time in a World Cup in 2012. In Houffalize and La Bresse she finished second place in the top 10. She was born in Wierden, Netherlands.

Kalvenhaar died in Grenoble, France due to an accident during a XCE race in Meribel, France, aged 20.

## References
Mineral Point, Wisconsin

**Mineral Point** is a city in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The city is located within the Town of Mineral Point. Mineral Point is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. This is Wisconsin's third oldest city. Mineral Point was settled in 1827. The population was 2,581 at the 2020 census.

## References
## Other websites
* City of Mineral Point official website
Buttered cat paradox

The **buttered cat paradox** is a popular joke based on putting two  (sayings) together to make them funny:

* Cats always land on their feet.
* Buttered toast always lands buttered side down.

The paradox happens when one asks this question: What would happen if one  a piece of buttered toast (butter side up) to the back of a cat, then dropped the cat from a large height?

## In reality 
In reality, cats can turn themselves right side up in mid-air if they should fall upside-down. This is named the cat righting reflex. This reflex lets them land on their feet if dropped from high enough up (about ). Toast, not being alive, does not have the  to turn itself over. Nor does it want to, since it cannot think.

Toast usually lands on the floor butter-side-down. This is because of how it is dropped from a table. As the toast falls from the table, it rotates or turns. Using the average speed of rotation for a slice of toast as it falls from the table and the usual height of a table, a slice of toast that began butter-side-up on the table will land butter-side-down on the floor 81% of the time. This is because the buttered side is heavier. When an object has a heavy and light side, in most cases it will fall heavy side first.

Domestic cats usually weigh between . A regular slice of bread weighs only one ounce and a pat of butter about one fourth ounce. So attaching a very small piece of toast with butter to a much larger cat would hardly have any effect on how the cat would move.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Loopholes for the paradox
Arthur Penn

**Arthur Hiller Penn** (September 27, 1922 – September 28, 2010) was an American director and producer for movies and television. He directed many movies that got high marks in the 1960s, such as *The Chase* and *Bonnie and Clyde*.
He returned to stage and television producing and directing in the 1990s.

Penn was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died in New York City at age 88 from congestive heart failure.

## References
Paweł Huelle

**Paweł Marek Huelle** (10 September 1957 – 27 November 2023) was a Polish author, critic, journalist and university lecturer.  He was born in Gdańsk, Poland.

## Career 
Huelle studied philology (language) at Gdańsk University.  After that, he was the press secretary for Solidarity (Solidarnosc). Later he worked as the director of the Gdańsk Polish Television Center. Huelle was the Polish winner of the Samuel-Bogumil-Linde-Preis for 2005.

He died in Gdańsk aged 66 on 27 November 2023.

## Publications
**Weiser Dawidek* (1987),
* *Opowiadania na czas przeprowadzki* (1991),
* *Wiersze* (1994),
* *Pierwsza miłość i inne opowiadania* (1996),
* *Inne historie* (1999),
* *Mercedes-Benz. Z listów do Hrabala* (2001),
* *Byłem samotny i szczęśliwy* (2002),
* *Castorp* (2004),
* *Ostatnia Wieczerza* (2007),
* *Opowieści chłodnego morza* (2008),
* *Śpiewaj ogrody* (2014).

## References 
## Other websites 
* Paul Huelle: Danzig, my love (translated to English)
Stanley Motor Carriage Company

The **Stanley Motor Carriage Company** was an American manufacturer of steam-engine cars. The company was ed in 1898 and incorporated in 1901. The cars made by the company were called **Stanley Steamers**. They were produced from 1896 to 1924. In the early 1900s steam was used to power locomotives, steamships, even sewing machines. It seemed natural that steam could power cars. Of all the steam driven cars made in the early 20th century, the Stanley Steamer was the best-known and most . Today Stanley Steamers are rare automobiles and hard to find outside of museums and a few car collections.

## Early history
Twins Francis E. Stanley and Freelan O. Stanley were the co-inventors of the Stanley Steamer automobile. Freelan was a teacher and high school principal. Francis was also a teacher, but left teaching in 1874 to become a photographer. In 1885 they both left their jobs and started a company to make photographic plates for photographers. In 1898 they brought their cars to the first Auto show in the US held in Boston. Cars from the US and Europe were on exhibition. There was also an outdoor competition. Their Stanley Steamers were faster and could climb hills much better than other cars. No gasoline engined car could climb the 15% grade. A Whitney steam car nearly climbed the 20% grade. The Stanley steamer easily climbed the 30% grade. In 1899, Freelan and his wife Flora drove one of these cars to the top of Mount Washington in New Hampshire, The twins later sold the rights to this early design to Locomobile, and in 1902 they formed the Stanley Motor Carriage Company.

Stanley licensed their designs to several other motor car companies. The White Motor Company was one who used the Stanley design and continued to produce steam cars until 1912. A Kerosene burner heated a drum-shaped boiler. To operate a Stanley Steamer, the driver had to watch a number of gauges. There were 13 handles, pumps and valves to adjust. They carried only a small amount of water due to its weight. The car could only go about 40 miles before it had to add water. The kerosene burner was known to cause fires. The easier to operate gasoline powered internal combustion engine caused the steam car to become obsolete.

## Related pages 
* Steam car
* Steam engine
* Ford Model T
* Horseless carriage

## References 
## Other websites 
* Stanley Steamers
* Museum web page on the Stanley Steamers in Kingfield, Maine
* Stanley Steamer – Technical Information
* World's largest active collection of Stanley Steamers
* Stanley Register Online – Worldwide register of existing Stanley steam cars
* Videos: Stanley Steamers driven and explained by Jay Leno
Revere, Massachusetts

**Revere** is a city in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, near downtown Boston. It is named after Paul Revere, an American Revolutionary War patriot. At 2020 United States Census, 62,186 people lived in Revere. 

## References
Steven R. Nagel

**Steven Ray Nagel** (October 27, 1946 – August 21, 2014), (Col, USAF), was an American astronaut, aeronautical and mechanical engineer, test pilot and a United States Air Force pilot. Nagel became a NASA astronaut in August 1979. Nagel retired from the Air Force February 28, 1995 and as an astronaut one month later.

Nagel died on August 21, 2014 of cancer.

## References
## Other websites
*NASA Biography
Lauren Nelson

**Lauren Nelson** (born November 26, 1986) is an American beauty queen from Lawton, Oklahoma. She was Miss America 2007. Before that, she was Miss Oklahoma 2006.

## References