open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Supercentenarian

A **supercentenarian** is someone who has lived to the age of 110 years or more, something achieved by only one in a thousand centenarians. A very small number of supercentenarians have lived to be 115. Early uses of the word meant a person well over 100, but now it is just known as people who are 110 or older.
* Jeanne Calment (1875–1997) had the world's longest verified human lifespan in history at 122 years, 164 days.
* Jiroemon Kimura (1897–2013) is the longest lived verified man at 116 years, 54 days.

## Related pages 
* Oldest people

## References 
## Other websites 
* Gerontology Research Group
* Supercentenarian Research Foundation
* International Database on Longevity
Lauren Bacall

**Lauren Bacall** (, born **Betty Joan Perske**; September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014) was an American actress and model. She was well known for her deep voice. She started acting in the 1940s. She acted until 2014. She had big roles in movies like *The Big Sleep* and *Dark Passage*.

Bacall was the fourth wife of actor Humphrey Bogart. They were married until Bogart died in 1957. They had a son, Stephen (born 1949), and a daughter, Leslie (born 1952). Bacall married Jason Robards in 1961. They had one son, Sam (born 1961). They divorced in 1969. Bacall was once briefly engaged to singer Frank Sinatra.

Bacall's cousin was Shimon Peres, the former Prime Minister and President of Israel. Their fathers were brothers.

On August 12, 2014, Bacall died in New York City from a stroke, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Interview with Larry King on CNN 
* Article about the "origin" of the **"Rat Pack"** taken mainly from her book *"Lauren Bacall, By Myself"*, (New York: Knopf, 1978)
* Lauren Bacall Official website  - at LaurenBacall.com
Leila Denmark

**Leila Alice Daughtry Denmark, M.D.** (February 1, 1898 &ndash; April 1, 2012) is an American pediatrician who still worked until she was 103. She worked on the vaccine for pertussis (also known as whooping cough) in the 1920s and 1930s.

As a doctor, she was one of the first to be against smoking near children and drug use in pregnant women. She also thinks that it is bad to drink cow's milk, people should eat fruit but not drink fruit juices, and drink only water.

When she turned 100, she did not want cake because it had too much sugar in it. She turned 110 in 2008, becoming a rare case of a supercentenarian who had been known for reasons other than her age.

## Related pages 
* List of American supercentenarians

## References 
## Other websites 
* Keenlyside, Barbara. "Dr. Leila Denmark's secret: Love what you do." *Atlanta Business Chronicle*, 24 July, 1998. http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/1998/07/27/focus2.html?t=printable
* Meyer, M.D., Charles R. "The Graying Physician". 'MMA Publications', August 2006. http://www.mmaonline.net/Publications/MNMed2006/August/perspective-meyer.html
* Report on Leila Denmark's supercentenarian status
W. S. Gilbert

**Sir William Schwenck Gilbert** (18 November 1836 – 29 May 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator. He is best known for the comic operas (or operettas) that he wrote with Sir Arthur Sullivan.

Gilbert worked in the civil service for a few years, but he did not like it. He studied law and became a lawyer, but not many people hired him. To make more money, he wrote short stories and comic poems for magazines. He also worked as a theatre critic. Gilbert made drawings for some of his poems and signed them "Bab", a nickname he had when he was a baby. Those poems became known as "The Bab Ballads" and were very popular.

In the 1860s Gilbert started writing plays. At first he wrote parodies of other writers' plays and operas, but soon he developed his own way of writing. Gilbert wrote many plays; most of them are not performed anymore, but *Engaged* (1877), about a man who proposes marriage to every woman he meets, is still performed.

In 1871 Gilbert started working with Sullivan. They wrote fourteen comic operas together; Gilbert wrote the words and Sullivan wrote the music. Their fourth opera, *H.M.S. Pinafore* (1878), made the team of "Gilbert and Sullivan" famous all over the English-speaking world. Besides *Pinafore*, their best-known operas are *The Pirates of Penzance* (1879) and *The Mikado* (1885). The Gilbert and Sullivan operas are still performed very often, by opera companies, theatre companies, and groups in schools and colleges.

Gilbert and Sullivan sometimes argued about what to write and how to write it, but they worked together for 25 years, from 1871 to 1896. When they were angry with each other, they wrote operas with other people, but those operas did not make as much money as the operas they wrote together. When Sullivan died in 1900, Gilbert stopped writing operas.

Gilbert directed his own plays and operas. He wanted the actors to talk in a natural way, and not shout as if they were giving a speech to a big crowd. Gilbert's ideas helped other playwrights, like Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw, to make their plays more real.
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor

***The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor*** is a 2008 American adventure movie. It is a sequel to  *The Mummy* and *The Mummy Returns*. It was released on August 1, 2008 in the United States. Jet Li is in the movie also.

## Theatres 
The movie opened in Los Angeles on July 27, 2008.

## Critics ideas 
Most critics said the movie is bad. Roger Ebert of the *Chicago Sun-Times* liked it as "plain dumb fun."

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Borough of Congleton

The **Borough of Congleton** (or **Congleton Borough**) is in Cheshire, England. The towns of Alsager, Congleton, Middlewich and Sandbach are in the Borough. It was part of the second tier of local government. It was replaced by Cheshire East in April 2009.

## Religion
The percentage of people of each religion in  the borough. 

People stating religion as: 

*Christian: 81.46%
*Muslim: 0.17%
*Buddhist: 0.12%
*Hindu: 0.11%
*Jewish: 0.06%
*Sikh: 0.04%
*Other religions: 0.16%
*No religion: 11.46%
*Religion not stated: 6.43%

## References
## Other websites 
*Homepage
Naltar Pass

**Naltar Pass** is a mountain pass to the north of Shani Peak in Naltar Valley in Pakistan. The pass lies west of Chaprot Pass and east of Hayal Pass.

## References
Diphu Pass

**Diphu Pass** is a path through the mountains where the borders of the People's Republic of China, India and Myanmar meet. Diphu Pass is a strategic route to southern South Tibet.

## Other websites
*Satellite image of the pass
Dongka La Pass

**Dongkha** (el. 3060 m./12,000&nbsp;ft.) is a high mountain pass in the Himalaya connecting Sikkim in Republic of India with Tibet.

The pass offers a view of the Tibetan Plateau. The pass is located in North Sikkim. Near the pass is the placid Cholamo Lake, 6.5&nbsp;km long and 2.5&nbsp;km wide.
United States metropolitan area

**Metropolitan Statistical Areas** (**MSA**) are large metropolitan areas of the United States as defined by the Office of Management and Budget. These areas are urban areas with a lot of people. An earlier version of the MSA was the "Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area" (SMSA). MSAs are used for official purposes. They are made up of counties and for some, county equivalents.

MSAs are created around a central urban area —an area with high population density.  The counties within the urbanized area are known as the **central counties** of the MSA.  Other nearby counties (known as **outlying counties**) can be a part of the MSA if these counties have strong social and economic connections to the central counties.  Some areas within these outlying counties may actually be rural areas.

The population estimates for some metro areas are not always agreed upon. In some cases, different sources give numbers of people which differ by millions. The definitions used for the last U.S. Census differed from those for previous censuses. This makes it hard to compare official information from different dates. MSA boundaries do not stretch into Canada or Mexico. This can affect the number of people in several cities. For example, Detroit, Buffalo, El Paso and San Diego are often much larger than their MSA figures.

Since June 2003, there is now an additional classification, “Metropolitan Division.” The term metropolitan division is used for a county or group of counties that are a distinct employment area within a metropolitan statistical area that has at least 2.5 million people. A metropolitan division is a part of a larger metropolitan statistical area but it is often a distinct social, economic, and cultural area within the larger region.
#The MSA name, given by the United States Office of Management and Budget
#The MSA population as of July 1, 2024, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau

## Notes and references
Jelep La Pass

**Jelep La** (also spelled Jelepla) (el. 4267 m./14,300&nbsp;ft.) is a high mountain pass between Sikkim and Tibet.

Etymologically the term Jelep La is derived from jelep meaning lonely and la meaning pass in Tibetan. The pass is in Sikkim and the route connects Lhasa to the Republic of India. The pass is 46 metres (150&nbsp;feet) in length.
Traill's Pass

'''Traill's Pass''' (el. 5212 m.) is a mountain pass through the Himalayas in the Uttarakhand state in the districts of Pithoragarh and Bageshwar in India.
Fry

**Fry** may mean:

*Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (when F.R.Y. is capitalized)
*Frying, a method of cooking in a pan or pot which may involve immersion in a fat
*French fried potatoes (French fries), potatoes cut into sticks and deep-fried
*Fry, recently-hatched fish which have absorbed their yolk sacs and can hunt and consume live food
*Philip J. Fry, a character from Futurama
Fotu La

**Fotu La** () or **Fatu La** is the highest mountain pass on the Srinagar-Leh highway in the Himalaya in Kashmir.
Rohtang Pass

**Rohtang Pass** (el. 13,051&nbsp;ft (3,978 m , almost half of Mount Everest ) is a high mountain pass 51&nbsp;km from Manali(2049m) that connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahul and Spiti valleys of Himachal Pradesh, Republic of India.

The pass is open only from May to November. It is used by a lot of cars, buses and trucks.

A tunnel with 8.8 km (5.5 mi) length is built at 3,100 metres (10,171 ft) elevation and will be opened in 2019. Travelling on the Leh-Manali Highway will then be possible all the year. Now it takes 4 to 6 hours to cross Rohtang pass. It will then take about half an hour to travel through the Rohtang tunnel.

## Gallery 

File:Rohtang La-02-Kartoffeltruck-gje.jpg|Starting from Lahaul
File:Rohtang La-04-Taxis-gje.jpg|Ascending from Lahaul
File:Rohtang La-14-Monument-gje.jpg|Summit monument
File:Rohtang La-18-Gebetsfahnen-gje.jpg|Prayer flags on summit
File:Rohtang La-26-Berge-gje.jpg|View from summit
File:Rohtang La-32-Marhi-gje.jpg|Marhi in Kullu district
Kangchenjunga

**Kangchenjunga** (Nepali:कञ्चनजङ्घा Kanchanjaŋghā) SewaLungma (Limbu language) is the third highest mountain in the world (after Mount Everest and K2).

Kangchenjunga has an altitude of 8,586 metres (28,169&nbsp;ft). The first ascent on Kanchenjunga was made on 25 May 1955.Kangchenjunga translated means "The Five Treasures of Snows", as it has five peaks, four of them over 8,450 metres. It is one of the mountains in the range of the Himalayas. The summit of Kanchenjunga was first climbed on 25 May 1955 by three members of British Kangchenjunga expedition. Until now, over 780 climbers have successfully climb Kangchenjunga Mountain. 

## References
Ring of Fire (song)

"**Ring of Fire**" is a country music song popularized by Johnny Cash and co-written by June Carter and Merle Kilgore. The single appears on Cash's 1963 compilation album, *Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash*. The song was recorded on March 25, 1963 and became the biggest hit of his career, staying at number one on the charts for seven weeks.

## References
List of Oklahoma state symbols

This is a '''list of Oklahoma's state symbols'*, including official and unofficial. The official symbols are codified by statute. Many of the unofficial symbols are put in place by Oklahoma Senate of House of Representative resolutions.

## State symbols
 in the United States of America]]
 *(Gaillardia pulchella)'' is Oklahoma's official state wildflower.]]
 *(Bison bison)* as Oklahoma's state mammal.]]
 as the state monument (SCR23, 1979).]]

## Other websites
*Oklahoma Almanac&ndash;"Tourism, Symbols, and Flags" 
*USPS description of the *Oklahoma Statehood Stamp*
Malika Parbat

**Malika Parbat** (also known as **Queen of the mountains**) (el. 5,290 metres (17,356&nbsp;ft) is a mountain in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan about six kilometres south of Saiful Muluk Lake near Ansoo Lake.

## Other websites 
* Northern Pakistan areas in Google Earth
North Mississippi Allstars

**North Mississippi Allstars** is a blues-rock band from Hernando, Mississippi. It was started in 1996.  

## Members 
The band is made of brothers Luther Dickinson (guitar, vocals) and  Cody Dickinson (drums, keyboards, electric washboard), and Chris Chew (electric bass guitar).  Dickinson also plays a cigar box guitar called the "lowebow".

## Albums 
Allstars' first album, *Shake Hands With Shorty*, was  for a Grammy for "Best Contemporary Blues Album". *51 Phantom* and *Electric Blue Watermelon* have also received nominations in that same category.  The group also won a W.C. Handy Award for "Best New Artist Debut" in 2001.

## Present members 
The band now tours with John Hiatt.  They have released an album with him called *Master of Disaster*.

After 2007, Luther Dickinson plays guitar for The Black Crowes' instead of Marc Ford, and played lead guitar for their album *Warpaint*. He tours with The Black Crowes.

Cody Dickinson has started a new side project called "Hill Country Revue" with Chris Chew, Garry Burnside, Daniel Coburn, Duwayne Burnside and Kirk Smithart.

## Discography 
**Shake Hands With Shorty* (2000)
**51 Phantom* (2001)
**Polaris* (2003)
**Tate County(Hill Country Blues)* (2004) Private Release
**Hill Country Revue: Live at Bonnaroo* (2004)
**Electric Blue Watermelon* (2005)
**Hernando* (2008)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official web site
* Official MySpace profile
Tirich Mir

**Tirich Mir** (also called '*Terich Mir* and **Terichmir**) is the highest mountain in the Hindu Kush region of northern Pakistan.

It lies in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

## Other websites 
* Tirich Mir on SummitPost
Wagah

**Wagah** (, , ) is the only road international border crossing between the Republic of India and Islamic Republic of Pakistan. It is on the G.T. Road between the cities of Amritsar, India and Lahore, Pakistan. The first town on the Indian side is Attari.

## Other websites 
*
Jamie Anderson

**Jamie Anderson** is an American singer from Tucson, Arizona. She is based in Ottawa, Ontario. She is openly lesbian.

## Career 
Anderson first began touring the U.S. in 1987, and released her first album in 1989. She was voted Favorite New Performer by *Hot Wire* in 1990 and 1991, and played many women's music festivals, coffeehouses, colleges and other venues all though the 1990s and to the present.

## Discography
* *Closer to Home* (Tsunami Records, 1989)
* *Center of Balance* (Tsunami, 1992)
* *A Family of Friends* (Tsunami Records, 1993)
* *Bad Hair Day* (Tsunami, 1993)
* *Never Assume* (Tsunami, 1995)
* *Drive All Night* (Tsunami, 1999)
* *Listen* (Tsunami, 2002)
* *A Promise of Light* (Tsunami, 2005)
* *Three Bridges* (Tsunami, 2007)
* *Dare* (Tsunami 2013)
* *The Truth Appears* (Tsunami 2019)
* *Songs from Home* (Tsunami 2020)

## References
Dal Lake

**Dal Lake** is a lake in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The lake is connected to other lakes of the Kashmir Valley. It is well known for its approximately 500 Victorian era wooden houseboats, built as vacation homes for landless British administrators during the Raj.

## Other websites
Pangong Tso

**Pangong Tso** (or **Pangong Lake;** Tso: Ladakhi for lake) is a lake in the Himalayas at a height of about 4,250 m (13,900 ft). It is 134 km (83.3 mi) long and extends from Ladakh to Tibet. Two thirds of the length of this lake is in Tibet. The lake is 5 km (3 mi) wide at its widest point. In winter, the lake surface freezes completely despite being salt water.

## Photo

File:Pangong tso.jpg
File:Pangong Tso.jpg
File:Pangong Tso lake.jpg

File:Pangong Tso road hansraj.JPG
File:Pangong Tso road1 hansraj.JPG
File:Pangong Tso Lake hansraj.JPG
File:Ladakh - Pangong Tso 1.jpg
File:Pangong tso panorama.jpg
File:Pangong Tso Summer Panorama View.jpg
File:Astonishing beauty of Pangong Tso lake.jpg
File:A panoramic view of the Pangong Tso lake, in Ladakh.jpg
Wular Lake

**Wular Lake** (also spelt **Wullar**) is one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia. It is in the Jammu and Kashmir, between the cities of Sopore and Bandipore. The lake was formed as a result of tectonic activity and is the largest freshwater lake in Asia.

The Jhelum River feeds into the lake, which acts as a natural flood reservoir. The size can vary between , depending on the season
Tulbul project is on wular lake

## History
The Kashmiri sultan Zain-ul-Abidin is reputed to have ordered the construction of the artificial island of Zaina Lank in the middle of the lake in 1444.

## Related pages 
* Dal Lake

## References
## Other websites
Borith Lake

**Borith Lake** is a lake in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Borith is a hamlet near Borith Lake. The altitude of Borith is about  above sea level.
Port wine

**Port wine** (also called  *Vinho do Porto*, *Oporto**, **Porto*, and often simply *Port*) is a Portuguese wine. 

Porto is a fortified wine. This means its alcohol is stronger than ordinary wine. This has the effect of making the wine long-lasting even after the bottle has been opened. Porto is a sweet wine, but comes as dry or semi-dry also. It is often served as a dessert wine.

Port is made in the Douro Valley in the northern provinces of Portugal.  Wines which are similar to the Portuguese product called *port* are made in several countries around the world. The biggest producers are Australia, South Africa, India, Canada and the United States. However, under European Union guidelines, only the product from Portugal may be labelled as *Port*. In the United States, Federal law mandates that the Portuguese-made product be labeled *Porto* or *Vinho do Porto*.

Port is produced from grapes grown and processed in the Douro region. The Douro valley where Port wine is produced was defined and established as a protected region, or appellation in 1756. It is the oldest defined and protected wine region in the world.

The wine produced is then fortified with the addition of a Brandy (distilled grape spirits). This is done to stop the fermentation leaving residual sugar in the wine and to increase the alcohol content.  The wine is then stored and aged. For ageing, it is often put in barrels stored in *caves* After aging, it is  bottled.  

The wine got its name, "Port," in the second half of the 17th century from the seaport city of Porto at the mouth of the Douro River.  Much of the product was brought there. It was then either sold on a market or exported to other countries in Europe.
Hanna Lake

**Hanna Lake** () is a lake in Pakistan. It is  from Quetta. It is one of the main attractions of the city. The lake is near the place where the Urak Valley begins.

## Other websites
Dudipatsar Lake

**Dudiptsar lake** or **Dudipat Lake** is a lake in Pakistan. It is in the extreme north of Kaghan Valley. It is about a four-hour drive from the chief town Naran. The word "dudi" means white and "sar" means lake. The lake was named because it reflects the white color of snow on the mountain peaks around it. The lake's water is greenish blue and very cold.

The lake used to have a lot of trout. Now there aren't as many because of illegal fishing using dynamite and nets.

This lake is very little visited by people. Getting to the lake takes four to six hours of tough hiking and trekking. The earthquake on October 8, 2005 in North Pakistan made it more difficult to get to the lake. However, the government of Pakistan decided on March 14, 2006 to take all steps to restore tourism of the Kaghan valley. That includes building new tourism spots and rebuilding previously destroyed ones.

## Surrounding area
Dudipatsar is close to another major lake, Lake Lulusar, which is the main contributory to the Kunhar River that runs through Kaghan valley. The whole area is private property but declared national park by Government of Pakistan.

The area is accessible for four months every year from June-September. After that, it is closed because of snow.

## References
Kachura Lake

**Upper Kachura Lake** is a lake in Pakistan. It is  from Lower Kachura Lake. It is famous for its natural scenic beauty and its moderate climate.

## Related pages
*Lower Kachura Lake, also called Shangrila Lake

## Other websites
Mahodand Lake

**Mahodand Lake** is a lake about 40&nbsp;km from Kalam, in Pakistan's upper Ushu Valley. The lake is close to Lake Saifullah and Naseerullah. It is accessible with a four-wheel drive vehicle, and is a good location for fishing.
Manchar Lake

**Lake Manchar** is the largest freshwater lake in Pakistan and one of Asia's largest. It is located west of the Indus River in Sindh. The area of the lake fluctuates with the seasons from as little as 350&nbsp;km² to as much as 520&nbsp;km². The lake collects water from numerous small streams in the Kirthar Mountains and empties into the Indus River.
Lulusar Lake

**Lulusar** is a lake near the Naran Valley in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The word "sar" means "top or peak" in Pashto. Actually Lulusar is the name of the mountains that contain the lake. So, it is the lake of Lulusar. It is located at N35.0804 E73.9266, at a height of 11,200&nbsp;ft (3,410&nbsp;m) from sea level.

The lake is the main source of the Kunhar River, which flows through the entire Kaghan Valley through Jalkhand, Naran Valley, Kaghan, Jared, Paras and Balakot until it joins the Jhelum River. The lake is 48&nbsp;kilometers away from Naran, on the Naran-Babusar road. Lulusar marks the historic place where 55 participants of the 1857 war of independence were arrested.

## Other websites
Namal Lake

**Namal Lake** is in one corner of the Namal valley in Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. This lake was created when Namal Dam was constructed in 1913. Namal Dam is 32&nbsp;km from Mianwali city. The lake has a surface area of 5.5&nbsp;km². There are mountains on its western and southern sides. On the other two sides are agricultural areas.

Namal Lake is an ideal abode for the migratory birds in winter season when thousands of water fowls, including Russian ducks and Siberian cranes, land in the lake water.
Rawal Lake

**Rawal Lake** is an artificial reservoir in Pakistan that provides the water needs for the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. This artificial lake covers an area of 8.8&nbsp;km². Rawal Lake is located within an isolated section of the Margalla Hills National Park.

## Other websites
Rush Lake

**Rush Lake** is a high altitude lake near Rush Pari Peak (5,098 m) in Pakistan. At over , Rush is one of the highest alpine lakes in the world. It is about  north of Miar Peak and Spantik (Golden Peak), which are in the Nagar valley. Rush Lake and Rush Peak can be reached via Nagar and Hopar and via the Hopar Glacier (Bualtar Glacier) and Miar Glacier, which rises from Miar and Phuparash peaks. The trek to Rush Lake provides spectacular views of Spantik, Miar Peak, Phuparash Peak and Ultar Sar.
Satpara Lake

**Satpara Lake** is an important lake in Skardu Valley in Pakistan. It supplies water for the town of Skardu, which is at 2,636 meters (8,650&nbsp;ft) above sea level.
Shangrila Lake

**Shangrila Lake** or **Lower** **Kachura Lake** is a part of the Shangrila resort. It is about 20 minutes from Skardu (nearly 2,500 m or 8,200 feet) town.

It is a popular tourist destination, and has a unique restaurant that is built on the fuselage of an aircraft that had crashed nearby.

Shangrila was established in 1983 with the opening of the first Resort Hotel in Skardu, Baltistan. It was named "heaven on earth" because of its spectacular beauty,and breathtaking view and peaceful atmosphere. Shangrila Resort Hotel was founded by the late Brig.(Retd) Muhammad Aslam Khan, the first commander of the Northern Scouts who liberated the Northern Areas in 1948.

Shangrila was named after a book titled "Lost Horizon" by James Hilton. In the novel, the author narrates a tale in which an aeroplane crash landed near a riverbed, in the early 1920s. The surviving passengers came across some Buddhist monks from a nearby temple and sought their help. They were taken to a beautiful lamasery filled with a variety of fruits and flowers. The monks looked quite young, although they claimed to be hundreds of years old. The idyllic place was called Shangri-la, a Chinese word meaning "Heaven on earth".
.]]
Sheosar Lake

**Sheosar Lake** () is a lake in Deosai Plains, Northern Areas of Pakistan. The lake is in Deosai National Park in Gilgit-Baltistan Province.  The lake is at an elevation of 4,142 m (13,589 feet). Its approximate length is reported to be 2.3&nbsp;km (1.4 miles), width 1.8&nbsp;km (1.2 miles) and average depth 40 m (131&nbsp;feet).

## Meanings in local language (Shina)
*Sheosar Lake* means *Blind Lake*, as *Sheo* in Shina Language means *Blind* and *Sar* means *Lake*.

## Routes to the lake
The lake is accessible through two routes. One is via Skardu and the other via Astore District.
### Skardu route
The road through Skardu can be covered by jeep in few hours, however, if trekked, it can take 2 days. 
### Astore route
Second route is from Astore District.

## Best time to visit
Between the months of November to May the whole area of Deosai is snow bound. However, the area is full of natural beauty during Spring and Summer Season. During spring, the whole surrounding gets covered with wide variety of colorful flowers and butterflies. The best time of visiting this beautiful lake is in summer between June to September.

## References
## Other websites
Baltoro Glacier

The **Baltoro Glacier**, at 62 kilometers long, is one of the longest glaciers outside of the polar regions. It is in Baltistan, in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, and runs through part of the Karakoram mountain range. The Baltoro Muztagh is to the north and east of the glacier, while the Masherbrum Mountains lie to the south. At 8,611 m (28,251&nbsp;ft), K2 is the highest mountain in the region, and three others within 20&nbsp;km top 8,000 m. 

The glacier gives rise to the Shigar River, which is a tributary of the Indus River. Several large tributary glaciers feed the main Baltoro glacier, including the Godwin Austen Glacier, flowing south from K2; the Abruzzi and the various Gasherbrum Glaciers, flowing from the Gasherbrum group of peaks; the Vigne Glacier, flowing from Chogolisa, and the Yermandendu Glacier, flowing from Masherbrum. The confluence of the main Baltoro Glacier with the Godwin Austen Glacier is known as Concordia; this location and K2 base camp are popular trekking destinations.

The trough of this glacier is very wide. Small valley glaciers form icefalls where they meet the trunk glacier. The sidewalls vary from very steep to precipitous. The glacier has carved striations on the surrounding country rocks. Moving ice has formed depressions, which serve as basins for numerous glacial lakes.

The glacier can be approached via the important Balti town of Skardu.
Ansoo Lake

**Ansoo Lake** (*Teardrop Lake*) is a lake in the Kaghan Valley in Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Its elevation is . It is near Malika Parbat in the Himalayas.

## References
## Other websites
Godwin-Austen Glacier

The **Godwin-Austen Glacier** is near K2 in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Its confluence with the Baltoro Glacier is called Concordia and is one of the most favorite spots for trekking in Pakistan since it provides excellent views of four of the five eight-thousanders in Pakistan.

The glacier can be approached via the important Balti town of Skardu.

 from Concordia]]
Hispar Glacier

**Hispar Glacier** is a 49&nbsp;km long glacier in the Karakoram Mountains of the (Northern Areas, Pakistan) which meets the 63&nbsp;km long Biafo Glacier at the Hispar La Pass (mountain Pass) at an altitude of 5,128 m (16,824 feet) to create the world's longest glacial system outside of the polar regions. This 100&nbsp;km highway of ice connects two ancient mountain kingdoms, Nagar (immediately south of Hunza) in the west with Baltistan in the east. The extreme steepness of the hillsides and strenuous nature of the boulder hopping on the lateral moraines and hillsides make this route's upper half the most difficult part of the Biafo - Hispar traverse. Only the Hispar La day includes walking on the Hispar Glacier. The crossing of four major tributary glaciers from the north is most taxing, and potentially high nullah crossings can be dangerous. The views of 7,800 meter (25,600 foot) peaks and of the snow covered cliffs and mountains on the south side of the glacier are particularly impressive.
Shani Glacier

**Shani Glacier** is a glacier in the north of Shani Peak (5,887&nbsp;metres) in Naltar Valley, Pakistan.
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events

'''''Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events''''' is a 2004 movie from Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon movies. It stars Jim Carrey as Count Olaf.

## Other websites 
*Official website 
*
Quantum immortality

Quantum suicide is a thought experiment in quantum mechanics and the philosophy of physics. It was originally claimed that it can distinguish between the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics and the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is based on imagining oneself as the cat in the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment. **Quantum immortality** refers to the experience of surviving quantum suicide.

The thought experiment was created by Max Tegmark  This same problem, of not existing as much afterwards, was pointed out by Lev Vaidman in the *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy*.

Physicist David Deutsch, though in favor of the many-worlds interpretation, states regarding quantum suicide that it would not work under the normal probability rules of quantum mechanics. Instead, one would need to add an additional assumption of ignoring worlds where the experimenter is not there. He believes that assumption is false. Physicist David Wallace argues that a decision theory analysis shows that a person who prefers certain life to certain death must prefer to keep themselves alive in worlds that are more likely outcomes, not just in less likely ones.

Physicist Sean M. Carroll, though also in favor of the many-worlds interpretation, states about quantum suicide that neither experiences nor rewards should be thought of as being shared between future versions of oneself, because these future versions become distinct persons when the world splits. He then states that a person cannot pick out some future versions of oneself as really being oneself and not the others. He concludes that quantum suicide kills some of these future selves, which is a bad thing the same as if there were no other worlds.

## Related pages
* Multiverse

## References
## Other websites
*Mallah, J. Many-Worlds Interpretations Can Not Imply 'Quantum Immortality'
*.
Colloquy (software)

**Colloquy** is an IRC client that first came out in 2005. The newest stable, or good version of IceChat is 2.1 that was made in 2007. Colloquy is free which means it does not cost any money to use. The programming language Colloquy is made in is Objective-C. It is licensed as GPL.

## Related pages
*List of IRC clients
Alarm

workers, using a siren and flashing light, in Germany.]]
An **alarm** is something used to alert people quickly to something. Most alarms use loud noises and/or flashing lights. Some alarms may use other ways of attracting peoples attention quickly, such as turning off loud machinery, shaking a bed or pillow. 

## Types of alarms 
* Alarm clock - A clock designed to make noise to wake up people.
* Burglar alarm - An alarm that sounds if a person tries to enter a building without permission.
* Siren on an emergency vehicle (ambulance, fire truck, police car).
* Severe weather sirens - Used to warn of severe weather, such as tornadoes or tsunamis.
* Klaxon - A type of siren, known for it's distinct sound. Often found on submarines.
* Fire alarm - An alarm for warning of fire inside of a building.
Little River (Oklahoma)

]]
The **Little River** is a tributary of the Canadian River, 90&nbsp;mi (145&nbsp;km) long, in central Oklahoma in the United States.
Tarbela Dam

**Tarbela Dam** ()  is a large dam on the Indus River in Pakistan. The word derives from the name of the former Tarbela village, one of the larger villages at this site chosen for the dam. 

## Location
It is located about  northwest of Islamabad, largely in the jurisdiction in the Haripur District of the Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. 

## History
The plan for the dam was approved during the regime of the Pakistani dictator and later president General Ayub Khan, in the 1960s. Work went on until its completion in 1974. Many villages were submerged and thousands of people displaced in the process.

## Technical
The dam has a height of  above the river bed. It has a reservoir size of . This makes it the largest earth filled dam in the world. The dam was completed in 1974. It was built to store water from the Indus River for irrigation and floodcontrol, and for creating hydro-electric power.now tli

## Reservoir
The reservoir lake formed by the damming of the Indus here, is Tarbela lake, which is very elongated and spread out over a considerable area. The lake has many channels and is surrounded by wild, high hills and scrub and thorn forests. It is now a place where many species of waterfowl and fish are found.
Tornado Alley

**Tornado Alley** is a colloquial term most often used to refer to the area of the United States in which tornadoes happen more than in any other part of the country.  The 1974 super tornado outbreak with 148 tornadoes, took place in Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.

States such as Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio are sometimes included in Tornado Alley. Research suggests that tornadoes are happening more often in the northern parts of Tornado Alley where it reaches the Canadian prairies.

## Tornado alley geographical area 
Over the years, the location(s) of Tornado Alley have not been clearly defined. No definition of tornado alley has ever been officially chosen by the National Weather Service (NWS).

The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) FAQ says that "Tornado Alley" is a term used by the media as a reference to areas that have more tornadoes.

No state has no tornadoes; however, they happen more often in the Central United States, between the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian Mountains.

Another criterion for the location of Tornado Alley (or Tornado Alleys) can be where the strongest tornadoes happen more often.

## Origin of the term 
The term "tornado alley" was first used in 1952 by U.S. Air Force meteorologists Major Ernest J. Fawbush (1915–1982) and Captain Robert C. Miller (1920–1998). They used it as the title of a research project to study severe weather in parts of Texas and Oklahoma.

## How many tornadoes 
The average tornado stays on ground for only 5 minutes. These figures, reported by the National Climatic Data Center for the period between 1991 and 2010, show the seventeen U.S. states with the most average number of tornadoes per  per year.

# Florida: 12.2
# Kansas: 11.7
# Maryland: 9.9
# Illinois: 9.7
# Mississippi:  9.2
# Iowa: 9.1
# Oklahoma: 9
# South Carolina: 9
# Alabama: 8.6
# Louisiana: 8.5
# Arkansas: 7.5
# Nebraska: 7.4
# Missouri: 6.5
# North Carolina: 6.4
# Tennessee: 6.2
# Indiana: 6.1
# Texas: 5.9

## Canadian tornadoes
About half of all Canadian tornadoes hit the Canadian prairies and Northern Ontario as far east as Lake Superior. Together, these areas make up the northernmost border of the U.S. Tornado Alley. Tornadoes up to EF5 in strength have been found in this region.

Schools in Tornado Alley often have tornado drills, and many homes may have tornado shelters where people can go for safety.

## References
## Other websites
* NSSL Tornado Climatology
* Climatological Estimates of Local Daily Tornado Probability for the United States
* Tornado hazards in the United States
* Statistical modeling of tornado intensity distributions
Mistletoe

***Mistletoe*** is the common name for a group of semi-parasitic plants in the order Santalales. They grow attached by a haustorium to the branches of trees or shrubs.
It is not the name of any one plant: rather, it is a name given to plants which have a particular growth-habit.

The different mistletoes have white fruit (berries), and are parasitic on trees and shrubs. The name was invented in Europe, for local mistletoes. Similar parasitic plants are found in other parts of the world.

## Species 
The name was first given to *Viscum album* (European mistletoe, Santalaceae), the only species native in Great Britain and much of Europe. Later the name was given to other related species, including *Phoradendron serotinum* (the eastern mistletoe of eastern North America, also Santalaceae).

The largest family of mistletoes, Loranthaceae, has 73 genera and over 900 species.

## In culture and myths 
European mistletoe played a large role in Greek mythology, and is believed to be The Golden Bough of Aeneas, ancestor of the Romans. The Norse god Baldr was killed with mistletoe.

In Romanian traditions, mistletoe (*vâsc* in Romanian) is considered a source of good fortune.

William Shakespeare mentions it in *Titus Andronicus*, Act II, Scene I: "Overcome with moss and baleful mistletoe".

Mistletoe is often used as a Christmas decoration. *Viscum album* is used in Europe and *Phoradendron serotinum* is used in North America. According to custom, the mistletoe must not touch the ground between its cutting and its removal as the last of Christmas greens at Candlemas; it may remain hanging through the year, often to preserve the house from lightning or fire, until it was replaced the following Christmas Eve.

Mistletoe (*Phoradendron flavescens*) is the state floral emblem for the State of Oklahoma.

### Kissing under mistletoe at Christmas  
According to a custom during Christmas, any two people who meet under a hanging of mistletoe are urged to kiss. The custom started in Scandinavia.

## References
## Other websites
* The Mistletoe Center
* About mistletoe
* Parasitic plant connection. See families Misodendraceae, Loranthaceae, Santalaceae, and Viscaceae
* *Phoradendron serotinum* images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu 
* Scientific studies, research and clinical trials on mistletoe treatment in cancer
Potoroo

A **potoroo** is any member genus ***Potorous***.

## Classification 
* SUBORDER MACROPODIFORMES
** Family Potoroidae
*** Subfamily Potoroinae
**** Genus ***Potorous***
***** Gilbert's Potoroo, *Potorous gilbertii*
***** Long-footed Potoroo, *Potorous longipes*
***** †Broad-faced Potoroo, *Potorous platyops*
***** Long-nosed Potoroo, *Potorous tridactylus*
Kermit Love

**Kermit Ernest Hollingshead Love** (August 7, 1916 – June 21, 2008) was an American puppeteer, costume designer, and actor in children's television and on Broadway. He was best known for his work on Muppets, mainly ones on *Sesame Street*.

Love started his work when he was young, at first doing work for Broadway, such as making marionettes. He worked with many great names at the time in Broadway and ballet.

In the 1960s, Don Sahlin told Love to meet with Jim Henson, which was where Love and Henson first met. Due to his work in theater, Love knew how to make full-body puppets well. Soon after, Love made Big Bird and other muppets. Even though his name was Kermit, he was not the  of Kermit the Frog, who Henson made before meeting Love.

Love still made some non-Sesame Street characters until the early 2000s. He died on June 21, 2008 of heart failure in Poughkeepsie, New York. He is outlived by his life partner, Christopher Lyall.

## Other websites
* Rick Lyon's Photos from Love's 85th Birthday Party
* Dance Magazine Profile 
* Internet Broadway Database entry
* IMDB Entry
* Find-a-Grave
* LA Times Obit
* Chicago Tribune Obit 
* MSNBC Obit
* Yahoo Obit
* Metro.co.uk Obit
* Obituary  in The Times
* profile at Theater Development Fund
Lemony Snicket

**Lemony Snicket** is the pen name of the author who wrote the books in the *A Series of Unfortunate Events* series. Lemony Snicket's real name is Daniel Handler.

## Snicket as a character
About once per book, Snicket provides the reader with glimpses of his life. He says that he:
* plays the accordion very badly
* was chased by an angry mob
* had an unhappy love affair with a woman called Beatrice, who even wrote a book (200 pages) explaining why it was impossible for her to marry him
* attended a costume ball dressed as a bullfighter, to gain access to his beloved Beatrice, who was dressed as a dragonfly

He also dedicated his life to the Baudelaire orphans story.
Biafo Glacier

The **Biafo Glacier** is a 67&nbsp;km long glacier in the Karakoram Mountains of the Northern Areas, Pakistan which meets the 49&nbsp;km long Hispar Glacier at an altitude of 5,128 m (16,824 feet) at Hispar La (Pass) to create the world's longest glacial system outside of the polar regions. This highway of ice connects two ancient mountain kingdoms, Nagar (immediately south of Hunza) in the west with Baltistan in the east. The traverse uses 51 of the Biafo Glacier's 63&nbsp;km and all of the Hispar Glacier to form a 100&nbsp;km glacial route. Scientists still are yet to find out how old this glacier actually is
Mercosur

**Mercosur** or **Mercosul** (, , Guarani: *Ñemby Ñemuha*, ) is a Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It was founded in 1991. Its purpose is to improve free trade and the easy movement of goods, people, and currency. 

## Members
The following countries are full members, in the process of becoming full members, associate members or observers.

### Full members
*  Argentina
*  Brazil
*  Paraguay
*  Uruguay

### Becoming full members
*  Bolivia 

### Associate members
*  Chile
*  Colombia
*  Ecuador
*  Peru

### Observers
*  Mexico

## Related pages
* Southern Cone
Leti, Chakwal

**Leti** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°55'0N 72°4'0E and is part of Talagang Tehsil.

## References
White bass

The **white bass** or **sand bass** (*Morone chrysops*) is a freshwater fish of the temperate bass family Moronidae. It is the state fish of Oklahoma.
Kiamichi Mountains

The **Kiamichi Mountains** are a mountain range in southeastern Oklahoma. A subrange within the larger Ouachita Mountains that extend from Oklahoma to western Arkansas,

## References
Rose rock

The **Rose Rock** is a rock that has a shape similar to a rose blossom. The rose rock was selected as the official state rock of Oklahoma in 1968.

## References
Nagasaki Prefecture

is a prefecture in Japan on the island of Kyūshū.  The capital city is  Nagasaki.

## History 
Nagasaki Prefecture was created by merging the western half of the old provinces of Hizen Province with the islands of Tsushima Province and Iki Province.

## Geography  
Nagasaki is on the western coast of the island of Kyūshū. The southwest coastline faces the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea. Saga Prefecture is on its eastern border.

The prefecture has 505 islands with no people living on them.

### Cities
### National Parks
National Parks are established in about 18% of the total land area of the prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples
*Chiriku Hachiman-gū*, *Amanotanagoa jinja* and *Kaijin jinja* are the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) in the prefecture.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
*http://www.pref.nagasaki.jp/en/ ; [http://www.pref.nagasaki.jp ]
Idabel, Oklahoma

**Idabel** is a city in McCurtain County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 6,961 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of McCurtain County.
## References
C. Everett Koop

**Charles Everett Koop** (December 31, 1910 &ndash; February 25, 2013) was an American physician who became well known as a pediatric surgeon at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. He was an early name in today's pediatric surgery. He then served as the Surgeon General of the United States and as vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps from 1982 to 1989, under President Ronald Reagan.

He was thought of as the first "celebrity Surgeon General", because he is the first Surgeon General to receive an Emmy Award, and remains the only Surgeon General to have done so. He also did not fare well with people who once supported him because Koop thought that schools should teach about sex early on, and note how to use condoms the right way to stop AIDS from spreading. There were also problems with how Koop's office didn't try hard to make a cure for AIDS, making people think his office was only making the public know about AIDS.
* **Baby Doe and the Rights of Handicapped Children**: In April 1982, a child born in Bloomington, Indiana was diagnosed with Down syndrome as well as problems related to the esophagus. Six days later, after physicians were not sure whether to treat the baby or let him die, the baby died, having never gotten his esophagus problems fixed. Baby Doe, as he would be known, became a symbol for children born with birth defects and other problems. Although Koop did not have a role in the case at first, he had an  in it. When he worked in Philadelphia, Koop and many others worked on 475 babies with problems over 35 years, with ones who lived on the rise. It is due to this work that he fought hard to protect newborns that had problems.

### Personality
These four views, along with Koop's personality and use of the media, made the office of Surgeon General more well known than it was before. He is the first Surgeon General to be the subject of a well known song – "Promiscuous", by Frank Zappa. Koop was unusual in his style, and well known for his mustache-less beard and colorful bow ties.

## Personal life
Koop was born on October 14, 1916 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Dartmouth College, at Cornell Medical College, and at the University of Pennsylvania. He was married to Betty Koop from 1938 until her death in 2007. Then he was married to Cora Hogue Koop from 2010 until his death in 2013. He had four children.

### Death
Koop died on February 25, 2013 from unknown causes. During the past months, Koop had been ill. He suffered renal failure the past week in his home in Hanover, New Hampshire. He was 96 years old.

## Award and honors
, November 1981]]
* Legion of Honor (1980)
* Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences (1990)
* Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism (1991)
* Emmy Award in the News and Documentary category for "C. Everett Koop, MD," a five-part series on health care reform (1991)
* Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995)

## References
## Other websites
* The C. Everett Koop papers  at National Institutes of Health
* Biography  from the C. Everett Koop Institute at Dartmouth College
* Biography  at surgeongeneral.gov
Gegenschein

]]
The **Gegenshein**, also called **Counterglow**, is a very faint light which can be seen in the sky at night. The light can be seen at the point in the sky that is exactly opposite of the Sun. It is very hard to see. The light can only be seen from areas with no other lights (away from cities) and on nights with no moon. This effect is caused by matter spread around that reflect the light from the Sun, and is related to the zodiacal light.

## Other websites
*An image of Gegenschein