open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Debbie Does Dallas

***Debbie Does Dallas*** is a 1978 American pornographic movie. It was both directed and produced by Jim Clark. *Debbie Does Dallas* was released on November 19, 1978.

There was a copyright battle when the movie was released. M & A Associates held rights and wanted to distribute it through VCX. They didn't want people to illegally copy the movie. They were unable to get the copyright protection or register with the United States Copyright Office (USCO). There would be a cease and desist filed by M & A against VCX and the USCO but the judge ruled in favor of VCX and the USCO. This meant that the movie would enter the public domain in the United States.

## Legacy
The movie was very popular and sold around 50,000 VHS tapes. *Debbie Does Dallas* is one of the most well known pornographic movies of all time. It was released in the time period known as the "Golden Age of Porn" which was from 1969 until 1984. The movie has had many different sequels made of it.

## Plot
The movie is about cheerleaders that want to help send Debbie (Bambi Woods) to Texas so she can try and make the "Texas Cowgirls" cheerleading squad. Debbie and her friends all take part-time jobs to try and raise money for the trip. After a while, they all end up having sex for money. In the end, Debbie wears a Texas Cowgirls cheerleading outfit and has sex with a store owner that is dressed like Joe Namath.

## Cast 
* Bambi Woods as Debbie Benton
* Richard Balla as Mr. Greenfeld
* Christie Ford (as Misty Winter) as Roberta
* Robyn Byrd as Mrs. Hardwick
* Eric Edwards as Mr. Hardwick
* Rikki O'Neal (as Sherri Tart) as Rikki
* Jenny Cole as Annie
* David Pierce (as David Suton) as Mr. Bradly
* Merle Michaels (as Merril Townsend) as Donna
* Jake Teague as Mr. Biddle
* Herschel Savage as Tim
* Georgette Sanders as Lisa
* Peter Lerman as Hamilton
* Ben Pierce as Ashly
* Arcadia Lake as Tammy
* Tony Mansfield as Nick
* David Morris as Rick
* Kasey Rodgers as Pat
* Debbie Lewis as Girl in Shower
* Steve Marshall as Boy in Shower
* Graham Silcock as "The other boy in the shower"

## References
## Other websites 
*
Mitch Dielemans

**Mitch Dielemans** (born 6 January 1993) is a Dutch archer. Dielemans competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Johannes van Gastel

**Johannes van Gastel** (10 September 1853 &ndash;11 October 1928) was an archer from the Netherlands. Van Gastel competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics.

## References
Atacama skeleton

The **Atacama skeleton** (died  late 1970's), commonly named **Ata**, was the skeletonized body probably belonging to a unborn infant found in 2003 in the ghost town of La Norie, Chile. The infant had died more than  20 years prior to it's discovery in 2003. The body had a unusual short size, shape, and height, and was once thought to have belonged to a extraterrestrial.
DNA analysis done on the body in 2018 found there were unusual mutations on the body. The height of the skeleton was only  6 inches (15 cm). The remains were discovered by Oscar Munoz, who later sold them to another owner. The current owner now is Ramón Navia-Osorio, a Spanish businessman.
Nitish Jain

**Nitish Jain** (born 15 February 1961) is an Indian educationist, philanthropist, and President of S P Jain School of Global Management (S P Jain), a global business school that has campuses in Dubai, Singapore, Sydney and Mumbai. and developing a proprietorial software for the delivery of online education.

## References
## Other websites
* S P Jain School of Global Management - Dubai, Mumbai, Singapore & Sydney
* Mr Nitish Jain discussing - Assessing the Value of an MBA with *Bloomberg*
* 
* 
* Game Changer Forbes Middle East
Rajvinder Kaur Gill

**Rajvinder Kaur Gill** (1971 – August 31, 2012) was a Canadian banker who disappeared in late August 2012, while on a trip to Pakistan.
According to the Pakistani newspaper *The Nation*, Gill possessed over $5 million USD at the time of her disappearance.

## References
Gorden Tallis

**Gorden James Tallis** (born 27 July 1973), also known by the nickname of **"Raging Bull"** for his on-field aggression, is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. A Queensland State of Origin and Australian international representative second-row forward, he captained both these teams as well as the Brisbane Broncos with whom he won the 1997, 1998 and 2000 Grand Finals, after starting his career with the St. George Dragons in Sydney. At the peak of his career Tallis was considered as the best  forward in the world

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Gorden Tallis at Global Speakers & Entertainers
* Gorden Tallis FootySocial Profile
2009–10 Red Bull Salzburg season

The **2009–10 Red Bull Salzburg season** brought the 6th title for Salzburg and the 3rd since the Red Bull takeover. 
## Squad
## Final table
## References
Garry Anthony Fraser

**Garry Anthony Fraser** is a Scottish BAFTA-award winning film director and producer. He made his directorial debut with an autobiographical film titled ''Everybody's Child'', which explored his struggles with poverty and drug addiction.

## References
Ravi Yerrigadoo

**Ravi Yerrigadoo** (born c. 1974) is a Mauritian politician.

Yerrigadoo is of Hindu descent. He was elected to the National Assembly in 2000 via the Best Loser System. Yerrigadoo was also named minister of Youth and Sports. He ran in the 2005 Mauritian local election.

## References
Baljit Singh Saini

**Baljit ("Baljeet") Singh Saini** (born 12 August 1976 in Ropar, Punjab) is a field hockey defender and midfielder from India who made his international debut for the Men's National Team in 1995 during the Indira Gandhi Gold Cup.  

## References 
* Bharatiya Hockey
Jo van Gastel

**Johannes Jacobus van Gastel** (5 January 1887 &ndash; 5 March 1969) was an archer from the Netherlands. Van Gastel competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

## References
Lakshya Sen

**Lakshya Sen** (born 16 August 2001) is an Indian badminton player. Sen is a former world junior no. 1. He has won gold medals at the 2018 Asian Junior Championships in the boys' singles and at the Summer Youth Olympics in the mixed team event. He won the bronze medal at the 2021 World Championships and was runner-up at the 2022 All England Open. Sen was also a part of the Indian team which won the 2022 Thomas Cup. He also won the gold medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

## References
Democracy and Progress Party

, Turkey (2020).]]The **Democracy and Progress Party** (, **DEVA**) is a Turkish political party founded on 9 March 2020 under the leadership of Ali Babacan, a former economy minister under the AKP. The official abbreviation is "DEVA" (*Remedy* in Turkish) according to the party records. The party's logo is a water droplet, inside a silhouette of sapling.

## Election results 
### Parliamentary elections 
### Party leaders 
List of people who have served as the chairman of the Democracy and Progress Party, which was opened on March 9, 2020:

# Ali Babacan

## References
Seemaraja

***Seemaraja*** is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language masala film written and directed by Ponram, marking his 3rd collaboration with Sivakarthikeyan, after Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam and Rajinimurugan. The movie was produced by R. D. Raja.

## References 
## Other Website 
*
Dvin (ancient city)

**Dvin**  was a large commercial city and the capital of early medieval Armenia. It was situated north of the previous ancient capital of Armenia, the city of Artaxata, along the banks of the Metsamor River, 35 km to the south of modern Yerevan. The site of the ancient city is currently not much more than a large hill located between modern Hnaberd (just off the main road through Hnaberd) and Verin Dvin, Armenia. Excavations at Dvin since 1937 have produced a lot of materials, which have shed light on the Armenian culture of the 5th to the 13th centuries.

In the 1045 attack (Battle of Dvin), Byzantine forces were under Constantine IX Monomachos. The Byzantines assembled a large force under the command of Michael Iasites and Constantine the Alan and allied with Armenians under the command of Vahram Pahlawuni and Liparit Orbelean.

To defend the city, Abu'l-Aswar flooded the surrounding fields, limiting the attacking army's mobility and causing it to fall victim to defenders' arrows.

## References
* Minorsky, Vladimir (1977) [1953]. Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05735-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pzg8AAAAIAAJ. 
* Ter-Ghewondyan, Aram (1976). The Arab Emirates in Bagratid Armenia. Transl. Nina G. Garsoïan. Lisbon: Livraria Bertrand. OCLC 490638192. http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Aeba/aebatoc.html.
Pappelstadion

The **Pappelstadion** is a football stadium in the Austrian city of Mattersburg, Burgenland. It was the home ground of SV Mattersburg until the football club went bankrupt in 2020. It has a total capacity of 9,000 spectators.  The Mattersburg Sportverein 2020 now uses the football stadium.
## History
The Stadium was opened in 1952 as part of the club's 30th anniversary celebrations. The Austrian record champions SK Rapid Wien played the first match on the ground and won 9-3 versus SV Mattersburg. The multifunctional sports facility is embedded in a sports and leisure center. The numerous poplar trees that surround the area gave the stadium its name . It had also a cinder track. 

At the beginning of the 21st century the stadium was modernized in several renovation phases. Under chairman Martin Pucher the running track was removed and the large main stand and floodlights were built in 2001. On the occasion of promotion to the Bundesliga in 2003, two more uncovered stands were built. The stadium capacity was now  17,100 seats. After the SV Mattersburg left professional football, the stadium was reduced in size.
Jishu Dasgupta

**Jishu Dasgupta** (3 September 1956 &#x2013; 21 December 2012) was an Indian Bengali television director and actor. After suffering from cancer for nine months, he died on 21 December 2012 in a hospital in Kolkata.

## References
Harsh Mayar

**Harsh Mayar** is an Indian actor working in Hindi Bollywood films. He won the National Film Award for Best Child Artist for his work in 2011 film *I Am Kalam*.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès

**Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès** (3 May 1748 – 20 June 1836), usually known as the **Abbé Sieyès** was a French Roman Catholic *abbé*, clergyman, and political writer who was the chief political theorist of the French Revolution(1789–1799); he also held offices in the governments of the French Consulate (1799–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815).
Gurjar clans

Gurjars or Gujjars, a tribe in South Asia, are divided in a large number of clans. They have as many as 1178 clans.      
* Awana
* Adhana
* Ambawata
* Baniya
* Bainsla 
* Bhadana
* Bidhuri
* Baisoya
* Bakarwal
* Bhati
* Bagri
* Bajjar
* Charr
* Chhawdi or Chhawri
* Chechi
* Dhakar
* Dheda
* Dogar
* Doi
* Kapasia
* kharyper
* Khatana
* Lohmod/Lohia
* Lodha
* Lobana
* Lohsar
* Gorsi
* Maitrak
* Meelu
* Mundan
* Mavi
* Nagar
* Oondar
* Vania
* Ratala
* Rathi
* Tas
* Taank

## References
Théodore Vernier

**Theodore Vernier** (born 28 July 1731 at Lons-le-Saunier, Jura; died 3 February 1818 in Paris), Count of Montorient, son of Jean Baptiste Vernier, lawyer, and Claudine Leclerc, was a lawyer and *French* politician during the Revolution, the Directory and Consulate.
Karin Schwartz

**Karin Schwartz** (born 23 August 1967) is a Danish taekwondo athlete. She won the silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the lightweight event.  She was named to the Esbjerg City walk of fame.

At the European Taekwondo Championships she became European Champion in 1998 after winning bronze medals in 1988, 1992 and 1994. 

She founded the Esbjerg City Taekwondo Club.

## References
The Scorpion and the Frog

***The Scorpion and the Frog*** is a fable. *The Scorpion and the Frog* was first found in Lev Nitoburg's 1933 novel *The German Quarter*.

The fable is about a scorpion who wants to get across a river. The scorpion sees a frog and asks the frog if he can carry him across. The frog is worried about this because he doesn't want to be stung. The scorpion then assures the frog that he would not sting him because that would result in the death of both of them. The frog then agrees and helps the scorpion across the river. When they are halfway across the river, the scorpion decides to sting the frog. The frog asks why and the scorpion responds that he couldn't resist because it was in his nature.

A common belief of the moral of the fable is that even if it is against their own interests, a violent person will hurt others anyways because they can't help it.

## References
Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux

**Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux** (24 August 1753 – 24 March 1824) was a deputy to the National Convention during the French Revolution. He was later a prominent leader of the French Directory.
Baisoya

**Baisoya** or **Basoya** is a clan of Hindu Gurjars of northern India. The clan is mainly made up of Hindus but there are also some Baisoya Muslims in the states like Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. 

## Ethnography
There are many villages of Baisoya Gurjars in Rajasthan, Haryana, Indian Punjab (Amritsar), Himachal Pradesh, Dehli and Madhya Pradesh.

## References
Jurmana (1979 movie)

***Jurmana*** () is a 1979 Hindi romantic drama film. It was produced by Debesh Gosh and directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. The film stars Amitabh Bachchan, Raakhee, Vinod Mehra, Shreeram Lagoo, A. K. Hangal, Asrani, Farida Jalal, Keshto Mukherjee and Asit Sen. The lyrics were written by Anand Bakshi and the music was composed by R. D. Burman.

## Other websites 
*
James Cowles Prichard

**James Cowles Prichard** was a British doctor and psychiatrist.  He was the first person to use the phrase “senile dementia.”

## Life 
Prichard was born in 1786. His parents were Quakers. His father wanted him to work on iron but he decided to become a doctor instead. Prichard wrote a book called “Researches into the Physical History of Man”. In 1845, he was put in charge of several Insane asylums as a “Commissioner of lunacy.” Three years later, he died. 

## Psychiatry 
Pritchard came up with the theory of Moral Insanity which said that there were some people who were sane but had no conscience. He called these people “morally insane”.
Julius Ludwig August Koch

**Julius Ludwig August Koch** was a German psychiatrist. He was born in 1841. His father ran an Insane Asylum. Koch became a chemist and then a doctor. Koch wanted to make Immanuel Kant’s ideas work with Christianity. Koch said philosophers criticizing Christianity was dangerous. He said the human mind was G-d giving humans Freedom.

## Psychiatry 
Koch said that there were two types of criminals. Normal ones without any Mental disorder and Psychopaths. He also said that a lot of psychopaths weren’t the kind of people who would be found not guilty with the Insanity Defence because a lot of them were not technically insane. He still said that people should want to helps Psychopaths get better instead of trying to punish them.

## Types of Psychopathy 
Koch said that there were Psychopaths who were born Psychopaths called “congenital Psychopaths” and that there were Psychopaths who weren’t Psychopaths when they were born but later became Psychopaths called “Acquired psychopaths”. Koch also said that Psychopaths didn’t have any hallucinations but that some of them had Moral Insanity. Koch said there were two types of Psychopathy called “Psychopathic disposition” and “Psychopathic degeneration”.
Pseudophilautus dayawansai

'''Dayawansa's shrub frog'* (*Pseudophilautus dayawansai'') is a frog.  It lives in Sri Lanka. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Sripada Peak in the Peak Wilderness, 1679 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 24.5 – 26.2 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 30.1 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back is brown in color with darker brown marks.  There is a light brown mark on the back in the shape of a triangle. There are black-brown spots. The legs are dark brown with some dar red color.

People have seen this frog sitting in shrubs as high as 2 meters above the ground in cloud forests.  Like other frogs in *Pseudophilautus*, they hatch from eggs as small frogs and never swim as tadpoles.

Scientists named this frog after Nihal Dayawansa, of the University of Colombo.

## First paper
*

## References
Kendujhar

**Kendujhar** also known as **keonjhar** is a town with municipality in Kendujhar District in the Indian state of  Odisha.  It is the administrative headquarters of the Kendujhar district. It is one of the fifth scheduled areas of Odisha. 

## Climate
## Politics 
Mohan charan Majhi of BJP is the current MLA from Keonjhar assembly constituency. Mohan Charan Majhi won assembly elections in both 2004 and 2000. Earlier MLAs from this seat were Jogendra Naik of BJP (1995), C. Majhi of JD (1990), Chhotaray Majhi of JNP (1985), Jogendra Naik of INC(I) in 1980 and Kumar Majhi of JNP (1977).

Present MP from Keonjhar (Lok Sabha constituency) is Chandrani Murmu of BJD.

## Gallery
Some images of keonjhar.
File:KEONJHAR town as seen from above..jpg|Keonjhar seen from above
File:Keonjhar.jpg|Sunset in keonjhar
File:Kendujhargarh palace.jpg|Ruined fort walls of kendujhargarh palace

## References
## Other websites
* Satellite map
* Government of India website for Kendujhar
Ron van der Hoff

**Ron Luitjen Lucia van der Hoff** (born 26 March 1978) is an archer from the Netherlands. Van der Hoff competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

## References
Janus van Merrienboer

**Adrianus "Janus" van Merrienboer** (8 October 1894 &ndash; 12 October 1947) was an archer from the Netherlands. Van Merrienboer competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

## References
Jacqueline van Rozendaal-van Gerven

**Jacqueline van Rozendaal-van Gerven** (born 20 February 1964) is a Dutch archer. Rozendaal-van Gerven competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## References
Anita Smits

**Adriana Gerarda Antonia Maria (Anita) Smits** (born 22 May 1967) is a retired archer from the Netherlands. Smits competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## References
Takes a Little Time (Amy Grant song)

"**Takes a Little Time**" is a 1997 song by christian singer Amy Grant and was released as a maxi-single and taken from her 12th studio album *Behind the Eyes*. It went to number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay charts and number 14 in Canada.

## Track listing
# "Takes a Little Time" (Grant, Kirkpatrick) - 4:33
# "Somewhere Down the Road" (Grant, Kirkpatrick) - 5:09
# "El Shaddai '97" (Card, Thompson) - 4:10

* Bonus multimedia track - 39:14

## References
Ahrar al-Sham

**Ahrar al-Sham** (Arabic: اَهَرَاَرْ اَلْشَاْمْ) is a Sunni Islamist jihadist group based in Syria with multiple sub groups to fight against the government of Syria and fight against Bashar al-Assad in the Syrian Civil War. The group's goals is to form a Islamic state based on Sharia law. The group was originally a part of the Syrian Islamic Front from 2013-2016 but later split due to the group becoming defunct. The group has alleged ties to Jabhat Al-Nusra and Al-Qaeda. The group pledged allegiance to Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham on the 8th of November 2021 but decided to remain a seperate group from Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham to prevent Ahrar al-Sham being designated a terrorist group.

## Ideology 
The group's ideology is based off of a mix of nationalism, Salafi jihadism, and secularism. However some factions inside of Ahrar al-Sham are more secular or more Salafist depending on their views according to researcher Sam Heller.

## Nasheeds 
We are Ahrar al-Sham (remix) released on the 21st of May 2023.

Woe upon you released on the 10th of September 2014.

God is great released on the 14th of October 2014.

We are Ahrar al-Sham (Nahnu Ahrar ash-Sham) released on the 18th of January 2019.

Call to Action released on the 26th of January 2020.

Self sacrificers (Fedayeen) released on the 6th of June 2022.

Tighten the Rows released on the 15th of June 2020.

To the Russians who have come to my homeland released on the 26th of September 2020.

Ahrar Elites released on the 27th of June 2022.

## References
Janus Theeuwes

**Adrianus "Janus" Cornelis Theeuwes** (4 April 1886 &ndash; 7 August 1975) was an archer from the Netherlands. Theeuwes competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

## References
Christel Verstegen

**Christel Verstegen** (born 27 March 1973) is a Dutch archer. Verstegen competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics.

## References
List of poets from Oceania

This is a list of poets from Oceania.
## Australia
*Banjo Paterson, wrote the poem "Waltzing Matilda"; died in 1941

*Oodgeroo Noonuccal, the first Aboriginal Australian to publish a book of verse; d. 1993

*Les Murray, got the T. S. Eliot Prize, the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry, and was on the shortlist for the International Griffin Poetry Prize; d. 2019 

:*Pages appear in :Category:Australian poets*

## New Zealand
*Rowley Habib, got (the award) Katherine Mansfield Menton Fellowship; d. 2016

## Samoa
*Sapa'u Ruperake Petaia, known for poem *Kidnapped* (about the loss of traditional Samoan knowledge), and poetry *Patches of the Rainbow* (published in the Samoa Observer); born 1951

Other countries in Oceania, has famous poets.

## Related pages
*List of poets from North America

## Sources
Fanny (Be Tender with My Love)

"**Fanny (Be Tender with My Love)**" is a 1976 song written by Bee Gees and is the third single from their 13th studio album *Main Course*. It went to number 12 in the United States, number 2 in Canada, number 7 in New Zealand, number 61 in Australia and number 29 in Belgium.

## References
Rajesh Gopinathan

**Rajesh Gopinathan** (born 1971) is the former CEO and Managing Director of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), an Indian IT services and consulting organization and one of the country's largest employers. He was elevated to the role of Chief Executive in February 2017 after serving as the Chief Financial Officer since 2013.  Rajesh is one of the youngest CEOs in the Tata Group.
## References
Rick van der Ven

**Rick van der Ven** (born 14 April 1991) is a Dutch archer. Van der Ven competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Ravi Sinha

**Ravi Sinha** is an Indian Police Service officer currently serving as the secretary of the Research and Analysis Wing of India.

## References
Nimal Piyatissa

**Opanayake Nimal Piyatissa** (born 5 January 1968) is a Sri Lankan politician, former provincial minister and Member of Parliament.

## References
Magnus Chase and The Gods of Asgard

***Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard*** is a trilogy of fantasy novels based on Norse mythology written by American author Rick Riordan and published by Disney-Hyperion. It is set in the same universe as the *Camp Half-Blood Chronicles* and *The Kane Chronicles* series. The first book, *The Sword of Summer*, was released on October 6, 2015. The second book, *The Hammer of Thor*, was released on October 4, 2016. *The Ship of the Dead*, the third book, was released on October 3, 2017.

The main protagonist, Magnus Chase, son of the Vanir god of fertility Frey, narrates the novel in first person. He is a cousin of Annabeth Chase, a main character of the *Percy Jackson and the Olympians* and *The Heroes of Olympus* series, who links the two series together.

## References
Rakesh Jhaveri

**Rakesh Jhaveri** was born in Mumbai, India on 26 September 1966 to Dilip and Rekha Jhaveri, who followed the Shwetambara Murtipujaka tradition of Jainism. He is also addressed as Bapa by his followers.

Spiritually inclined from a young age, he is a follower of Shrimad Rajchandra, a Jain spiritual teacher. He completed doctoral studies on Shrimad's work ***Atmasiddhi***. He founded Shrimad Rajchandra Mission, Dharampur which supports spiritual and social activities.

## References
Lakshay Thareja

**Lakshay Thareja** is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Delhi in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 8 October 2018.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Basic English versus the artificial languages

***Basic English versus the artificial languages*** is a book published in 1935 by Charles Kay Ogden. In it, the author compares Basic English with different artificial languages. He also explains why Basic English is a better solution as an international language than other artificial languages and he criticises the authors of those languages.

## References
Joep Packbiers

**Jan Joseph "Joep" Packbiers** (19 January 1875 – 8 December 1957) was an archer from the Netherlands. Packbiers competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

## References
The Meaning of Meaning

, or semiotic triangle. Figure taken from page 11 of *The Meaning of Meaning*.]]
***The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism*** (1923) is a book by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards. It was published with two more essays (written opinions) by Bronisław Malinowski and F. G. Crookshank. The conception of the book rose up during a two-hour conversation between Ogden and Richards held on a staircase in a house next to the Cavendish Laboratories at 11 pm on Armistice Day, 1918.

## Summary 
The original text was published in 1923 and has been used as a textbook in many fields, including language and science. The book has been in print continuously since 1982. The latest edition is the critical edition prepared by W. Terrence Gordon as book 3 of the 5-volume set *C. K. Ogden & Linguistics* (London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press, 1995). 

Richards explains in detail a theory of Signs:that Words and Things are connected "through their event together with things, their linkage with them in a 'context' that Symbols come to play that important part in our life [even] the source of all our power over the external world" (47).

The book later influenced A. J. Ayer's *Language, Truth, and Logic*, an introduction to logical positivism, and both the Richards–Ogden book and the Ayer book in turn influenced Alec King and Martin Ketley in the writing of their book *The Control of Language*, which appeared in 1939, and which influenced C. S. Lewis in the writing of his defence of natural law and objective values, *The Abolition of Man* (1943).
In 1975, Hilary Putnam published his book *The Meaning of "Meaning"*, making a "direct" reference to Ogden and Richards earlier work.

## References
Smoothie King Center

**Smoothie King Center** is a multi-use arena located in New Orleans, Louisiana that serves as the home for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The arena was also the home of the New Orleans Brass of the ECHL from 1999 until 2002. The New Orleans VooDoo of the Arena Football League (AHL) played in the arena from 2004 until 2005, 2007 until 2008, and 2011 until 2015.

They first started to build the stadium on November 30, 1995. The arena opened on October 29, 1999 and the first event was a game between the New Orleans Brass and Baton Rouge Kingfish on October 29,  1999. 

On May 10, 2002, the league approved a deal that saw the original Charlotte Hornets move to New Orleans. The Hornets would move into arena but before they did, they told the state government to force the Brass to pay for upgrades to arena so it could change between hockey and basketball. The Brass could not do this and were forced to fold because of it.

The Hornets had their first game in the arena on October 30, 2002. In their first game, they defeated the Utah Jazz 100–75. When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in 2005, the Hornets temporarily moved to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In March 2006, repairs would be finished on the arena with a new scoreboard and video displays also being added. The Hornets would return to the arena on November 1, 2006. They defeated the Boston Celtics 91–87.

When the arena opened, it didn't have an official corporate sponsor and was named the **New Orleans Arena**. On February 5, 2014, Smoothie King purchased the naming rights for the arena in a 20-year; $40 million deal and would rename the arena **Smoothie King Center**.

WWE has hosted many shows and pay-per-views at the arena including the Royal Rumble in 2001, Extreme Rules in 2009, Hell in a Cell in 2011, Elimination Chamber in 2013, and NXT TakeOver: New Orleans.

## References
## Other websites
*
Moksha (2001 movie)

***Moksha*** is a 2001 Indian crime drama film produced and directed by Ashok Mehta in his directorial debut. The film stars Arjun Rampal and Manisha Koirala. The film won Best Cinematography and Best Audiography at 48th National Film Awards.

## Cast 
* Arjun Rampal as Vikram Saigal
* Manisha Koirala as Hritika Sanyal
* Naseeruddin Shah as Dean
* Kalpana Pandit as Neelima, Ritika's roommate.
* Suresh Oberoi as Mr. Saigal, Vikram's father.
* Shubhangi Gokhale as Mrs Saigal, Vikram's mother.
* Paresh Rawal as Sharan Mama, Vikram's maternal uncle.
* Sushma Seth as Naani Maa, Ritika's maternal grandmother.
* Danny Denzongpa as Bachelor Simon
* Farida Jalal as Salim's mother
* Mohan Gokhale as Behram
* Kiran Kumar as Head lawyer
* Saurabh Shukla as office peon Kale
* Gulshan Grover as Prosecutor Mehra
* Archana Puran Singh as Landlady Mrs D'Souza
* Sulabha Deshpande as eyewitness
* Kamal Chopra as rich guy

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Ptolemy XIII (Pharaoh)

**Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator**, also known as **Ptolemy XIII**, was the Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC, and a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He was the son of Ptolemy XII and ruled Egypt after his father with his sister Cleopatra VII. However, a civil war happened between Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra. During this conflict, Ptolemy XIII ruled with his other sister, Arsinoe IV.

## Biography 
### Pharaoh of Egypt 
Ptolemy XIII became the pharaoh of Egypt after his father Ptolemy XII died. Ptolemy XIII was only 11 years old when he became pharaoh, so his sister Cleopatra ruled with him as a co-ruler. Pothinus, a powerful advisor, helped Ptolemy XIII rule because Ptolemy XII was too young. 

Ptolemy XIII and Pothinus later tried to remove Cleopatra from ruling because she was becoming too powerful.

### Civil war 
Ptolemy XIII and his advisor Pothinus made Cleopatra leave the country and started a war against her.  

Pompey who was a roman general came to Egypt looking for safety because his enemy Julius Caesar was chasing him. At first, Ptolemy XIII seemed like he would help Pompey, but then he killed Pomepy. When Caesar arrived, he was angry that Pompey had been killed and ordered his body to be found given a good burial.

Cleopatra was able to become allies with Juilius Caeser against Ptolemy XIII and Arsinoe IV. Caesar killed Pothinus and made Cleopatra the pharaoh of Egypt. Ptolemy XIII still wanted to rule Egypt, so he teamed up with his sister Arsinoe IV. They both gathered their supporters and fought against Cleopatra's army inside Alexandria. This caused a lot of damage in the city. 

When Roman soldiers arrived, there was a big battle called the Battle of the Nile. Cleopatra and Caesar won. After that Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile river. Some people think he tried to swim across the Nile River to escape , but we don't know for sure. After that, Cleopatra stayed as the only ruler of Egypt, but she made her younger brother Ptolemy XIV her co-ruler.

## Notes 
## References
Archaeogenetics

**Archaeogenetics** is the study of ancient DNA. It uses molecular genetics and DNA. 
   
Ancient DNA can be got from fossilized specimens. Bones, eggshells, and preserved tissues keep some DNA. In plants, ancient DNA can be got from seeds and tissues. 

Archaeogenetics is a term of the archaeologist Colin Renfrew.

## References
Syr Darya

.]]
The **Syr Darya** is a river in Central Asia. Its name, which comes from Persian, means Syr Sea or Syr River. It starts in the Tian Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan, flowing west and north-west for about 2,256 kilometers through Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan. Eventually, it reaches the northern parts of the Aral Sea. 

The Syr Darya is one of the two main rivers that feed into the Aral Sea. The other is the Amu Darya. In the past, extensive irrigation projects took water from these rivers for farmland, leading to the shrinking of the Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake. The point where the river enters Uzbekistan from Tajikistan is the lowest elevation in Tajikistan, at 300 meters above sea level.

## Name 
The local name Syr (Sïr) appeared in the 16th century. In the 17th century, Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur Khan, a historian and ruler of Khiva, referred to the Aral Sea as the "Sea of Sïr" or Sïr Tengizi.

The second part of the name, "darya," means "lake" or "sea" in Persian, and "river" in Tajik. This name has been used since the 18th century.

## References
Imaginal disc

Insects have a three-stage development. They go from egg to larva to final imago (adult insect). 

In the pupa larval structures are broken down and rebuilt as adult structures. The imaginal disks are a key part of this. From them the adult structures are formed.

## References
Hii King Hung

**Hii King Hung** (born 5 January 1971) is a Malaysian taekwondo practitioner. She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the bantaweigt event. 

At the 1990 Asian Taekwondo Championships she won the silver medal in the -51 kg class.

She works for the Sarawak State Sports Council. 

## References
Ravneet Gill

**Ravneet Gill** (born April 1991) is a British pastry chef, author of ''The Pastry Chef's Guide*, activist and television presenter. In 2020 Gill replaced Prue Leith to work as the judge on *Junior Bake Off'' alongside Liam Charles and Harry Hill. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* https://www.instagram.com/ravneeteats/
* https://countertalk.co.uk/
* https://www.ravneetgill.com/
Ivett Ayala

**Ivett E. Ayala Alicea** (born 17 October 1968) is a Puerto Rican taekwondo practitioner. She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the bantamweight class. 

At the Pan American Taekwondo Championships she won the bronze medal in 1986 and 1992. 

She is a Taekwondo Certified Official.

## References
Varsha Adalja

**Varsha Mahendra Adalja** is an Indian Gujarati language feminist novelist, playwright and negotiator who won the 1995 Sahitya Akademi Award for Gujarati language for her novel *Ansar*.

## References
2023 Kansas City Chiefs season

The **2023 Kansas City Chiefs Season** was led by Patrick Mahomes, Travis Kelce and Chris Jones. The Kansas City Chiefs were coached by Andy Reid. 

Stars included the following:
File:Patrick Mahomes in the Oval Office of the White House on June 5, 2023 - P20230605AS-0902 (cropped).jpg|link=|Patrick Mahomes
File:Travis Kelce in the Oval Office of the White House on June 5, 2023 - P20230605AS-0902 (cropped).jpg|link=|Travis Kelce
File:Chris Jones (defensive tackle, born 1994).JPG|link=|Chris Jones
File:Creed Humphrey (51608431671) (cropped).jpg|link=|Creed Humphrey
File:Joe Thuney.JPG|link=|Joe Thuney
File:Harrison Butker Chiefs Military Appreciation (cropped).jpg|link=|Harrison Butker
Akshara Haasan

**Akshara Haasan**  (born 12 October  1991) is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil and Hindi-language films. She is the daughter of actors Kamal Haasan and Sarika Thakur, and the younger sister of Shruti Haasan

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Joao Grimaldo

**Joao Alberto Grimaldo Ubidia** (; born 20 February 2003) is a Peruvian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Peruvian Primera División club Sporting Cristal.

## Early life 
Joao Alberto Grimaldo Ubidia was born in Rímac, in the department of Lima. Joao grew up in a Catholic family and in a home with average conditions.

## Club career 
### Sporting Cristal 
Born and raised in the city of Lima, where Sporting Cristal agreed to discipline since he was 12 years old. After a rapid progression through the reserve team, proclaiming himself U-15 Torneo Centenario and U-18 Copa Generación, he made his official debut with the first team in November 2020 at the age of 17. That year he winning his first title in the 2020 season. Another season followed, in which Grimaldo managed to win the Torneo Apertura, Copa Bicentenario and would be proclaimed runner-up in the tournament.

## Career statistics
### Club
;Notes

### International
## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Rishabh Tiwari

**Rishabh Tiwari** (born 1 September 1993) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Chhattisgarh in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 6 October 2016.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
George E. Partridge

**George Everett Partridge** was an American psychologist. Partridge is known for having made it popular to use the word Sociopathy instead of Psychopathy. Partridge didn’t invent the word “Sociopathy”, Karl Brinbaum invented it in 1909.

## Early Work 
Partridge got a Phd for studying drunkenness. Partridge also wrote about education and tried to figure out the reason for World War One.  

## Psychopathy 
In 1928, Partridge started to study Psychopaths at a hospital. He said there were three types of psychopaths “psychopathic delinquents” “psychopathic inadequates” and Psychopaths who couldn’t control their emotions. Partridge said that most psychopathic delinquents were men and most psychopathic inadequates were women.  Partridge said that Psychopathic delinquents were born Psychopaths and Psychopathic inadequates were born Psychopaths but that Psychopaths who couldn’t control their emotions were not born Psychopaths.  

## Sociopathy 
In 1930, Partridge said that the only thing that all Psychopaths had in common was that they’re bad at living in Society and bad at understanding what society’s rules are for treating other people. So Partridge decided that Psychopaths should actually be called Sociopaths.  He said that Psychopathy should be renamed Sociopathy.
Ashita no Joe

is a Japanese boxing manga series written by Asao Takamori (a pen name of Japanese author and manga writer Ikki Kajiwara, and one that's a variation on his real name) and illustrated by Tetsuya Chiba. The story follows a young man named Joe Yabuki and his boxing career as a Bantamweight.

## References 
*
Shelley Vettese-Baert

**Shelley Vettese-Baert** (born 24 March 1959) is a Canadian taekwondo practitioner. She won the bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the welterweight class.  

At the 1992 Pan American Taekwondo Championships she won the bronze medal in the -65 kg class.

She was a teacher in Edmonton.

She held a training camp in  Whitecourt.

## References
The Mask of Sanity

**The Mask of Sanity** is a book by Hervey M. Cleckley. It’s about Psychopathy.

## The Mask of Sanity 
The book says that Psychopaths cannot feel normal emotions but they pretend that they do by copying everyone else and manage to trick everyone into believing that they aren’t insane. This is called having the Mask of Sanity. But because Psychopaths aren’t actually sane, they’re often dangerous mostly to themselves but sometimes to other people. 

## Criteria 
According to the book, a person is a Psychopath if he or she is

1) Charming and smart

2) Not psychotic

3) Not nervous 

4) Not reliable

5) A liar 

6) A person who never feels Remorse or Shame

7) A person who doesn’t care about the rights of other people and doesn’t have any reason to explain why

8) Bad at learning from mistakes 

9) Egocentric and not able to love

10) Bad at understanding other peoples’ feelings 

11) Bad at realizing that he or she has a Mental illness

12) Someone who doesn’t normally react to other people 

13) Someone who often gets drunk or acts drunk even when he or she is sober

14) Someone who often threatens to commit suicide all the time but doesn’t actually do it

15) Someone who has sex with people he or she doesn’t love or care about 

16) Not able to follow any real plan for his or her life. 

## Influence 
The Canadian psychologist Robert D. Hare created the Psychopathy Checklist based on this book.
Honeypot (computing)

A **honeypot** is a security method to catch a hacker in the act of using a service that is not allowed. A honeypot will typically be a website designed to look normal with information that is valuable to hackers. However, it is monitored and is usually able to track visitors.

A honeypot is used to distract or find hackers to prevent real attacks from taking place. A honeypot can also serve as a warning for potential attacks.

## References
Taank

**Taank** also know as **Takshak** or **Thak** is a clan of the Gurjar ethnic group found in parts of Pakistan and India. They also know as Thikaria in some regions of Pakistan. They are mostly found in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir in India. They are also found in Pakistan's Azad Kashmir, Balochistan, and Punjab.
 
## Variation
Taank Gujjars are also known by various other names, such as **Takshac**, **Taank**, **Tank**, **Tonk**, **Takk**, **Takka**, **Thak**, **Thakya**, and **Thikaria** **Thekaria**.
 
## References
Meelu

**Meelu,** (also spelled) **Melu**, **Meehlu** or **Meeloo** is a prominent clan of the Indian and Pakistani Gurjar ethnic community.
 
## Distribution
The Meelu Gujjars are the followers of Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam and they live In Indian Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu Kashmir, Azad Kashmir, Pakistani Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan.

## References
Vania

**Vania**, or **Vanik**, Agriculture is practiced in Punjab and Kashmir.

They are predominantly Muslims in Kashmir and Punjab, and  they follow Shaivism, some follow Vaishnavism of Vallabhacharya sect and some follow Swaminarayan sects of Hinduism in Gujarat.

## Origin
In the ancient era, they migrated from the Marwar region of the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan and settled in Gujarat, where they belonged to the Gurjar race of northern India, and these Gujjars gave name to the Gujarat state as Gurjarashtra.

## Etymology
*Vania*, *Vanik* or *Bania* are all terms for someone who deals in Banaj Beopar, or commerce (Trade).
They are a trader community who is generally a shopkeeper.

## Related pages
*Baniya (clan)

## References
Lobana

**Lobana** is a clan originally found among the Punjabi Gurjars in Punjab region of India and Pakistan.

Besides the Punjab region these Gujjars are also found in Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and Gujarat and they speak Punjabi, Kashmiri, Urdu, Hindi, and Bengali languages.

## References
Pseudophilautus stuarti

'''Stuart's shrub frog'* (*Pseudophilautus stuarti'') is a frog.  It lives in Sri Lanka. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Corbett's Gap in the Knuckles Mountain Range, 1249 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 24.2 – 25.3 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 33.45 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back is light green in color with some darker green. The eardrum is green in color. The mouth is yellow in color. The legs and toes are yellow on top and darker yellow-gray below. The sides of the body are yellow in color. There are white bumps on the belly. Parts of the back legs are yellow in color.

There are fewer of this frog than there were in the past. Scientists say that this is because human beings cut down forests to make towns and cities, to make farms and places for animals to eat grass, and to get wood to build with.

## First paper
*

## References
Revanth Reddy

**Anumula Revanth Reddy****,** commonly known as **Revanth Reddy,** (born 8 November 1969) is an Indian politician serving as the second and current incumbent Chief Minister of Telangana since 7 December 2023. He represents Kodangal assembly constituency in the Telangana Legislative assembly. He belongs to the Indian National Congress party.

## References
Doi (clan)

**Doi** is a clan of the Gurjar ethnic group of Pakistan and India.

Families related to this clan speak many local languages (including Kashmiri, Punjabi) and are found mainly in Punjab, Azad Kashmir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Islamabad regions of Pakistan. 

In India they found in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. They are a subclan of the Khatana Gujjars.

## References
Doctor of Education

The **Doctor of Education** (**Ed.D.** or **D.Ed.**) is a research or professional doctoral degree that focuses on the field of education. It prepares the holder for academic, research, administrative, clinical, or professional positions in educational, civil and public institutions in most countries.

## United States 
In the United States, the EdD tends to be granted by the school of education of universities and is a terminal degree in education. Majors within the EdD may include: counseling, curriculum and instruction and curriculum and teaching, educational administration, education policy, educational psychology, educational technology, higher education, human resource development, language, leadership or technology and innovation in instruction. 

The EdD is used for people such as a professor or lecturer in a university. It may also be used in administrative positions in education and human development field, such as superintendent of schools, human resource director, or principal.
English Pointer

The **Pointer**, sometimes called the **English Pointer**, is a medium-sized breed of pointing dog developed in England. Pointers are used to find game birds for hunters. Unlike other hunting dogs, such as Spaniels, they do not collect the birds that have been shot but they point out to the hunter where the live bird is hiding.

## History
The most common belief is that the dogs like this breed were imported into England in 1719 by soldiers returning from Spain after a war and bred with local hunting dogs.

## Description 
This dog is a medium sized hunting dog that wieighs between  and stands between .  Its is most commonly coloured brown and white, black and white, orange and white or lemon and white with speckles on the white fur.

## Health and temperment
The Pointer is usually a healthy dog with a kind nature,  they need a lot of excercise.

## References
Van Maanen 2

**van Maanen 2**, also called '''Van Maanen's Star''', is a white dwarf star and the closest white dwarf to the Sun that does not have a companion. It is larger than the Earth but is two-thirds the mass of the Sun. It is 14 light years away and is in the constellation Pisces. It was once a star larger and hotter than the Sun (like Sirius) that became a red giant before becoming a white dwarf.

## References
Bhatia

**Bhatia** is a clan found among the Gurjar /Gujjar ethnic group of Pakistan and India. They are mainly involved in agricultural in Punjab and Sindh region. 

## Distribution
They are settled in Azad Kashmir, Pakistani Punjab, Sindh, Islamabad and Balochistan Azad Kashmir parts of Pakistan. They're also inhabit in Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Delhi and Indian Punjab.    

It is also believed that village *Adoana village* in Shahid Bhagat Singh district of Indian Punjab was founded by the Bhatia Gujjars where this clan is dominant in the area and hold major part of the land.   

## References
Faris Odeh

**Faris Odeh** (3 December 1985 – 8 November 2000) was a Palestinian boy from the Israeli occupied Gaza Strip who became known as a national icon for a photograph in which he is seen throwing a stone at an Israeli tank during the Second Intifada.

## References
Bangor Erris

**Bangor Erris** is a town in Kiltane parish in Erris, County Mayo, Ireland with a population of over 300. It is on the banks of the Owenmore River and is a "gateway" to the Erris Peninsula linking Belmullet with Ballina and Westport.

## References