open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
24 (number)

**24** (**twenty-four**) is a number. It comes between twenty-three and twenty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24.

*24* is also the name of a popular television show in the United States.
25 (number)

**25** (**twenty-five**) is a number. It comes between twenty-four and twenty-six, and is an odd number.  It is also the 5th square number, after 1, 4, 9, and 16.
Passo de Camaragibe

**Passo de Camaragibe** is a municipality in Brazil. It is on the northern coast of the Brazilian state of Alagoas. About 13,544 people live there (2005). Its area is .

## References
Radlin

street in Radlin]]

**Radlin** is a town in Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with about 17,673 people (2004).

## Sports 
* Górnik Radlin - men's volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS: Seria B in 2003/2004, Seria A in 2004/2005 season).
Grain size

**Particle size**, also called **grain size**, means the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks. The term may also be used for other granular materials.

In some schemes "gravel" is anything larger than sand (&gt;2.0 mm), and includes "granule", "pebble", "cobble", and "boulder" in the above table. In this scheme, "pebble" covers the size range 4 to 64 mm (−2 to −6 φ).

## References 
* W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition (Freeman, San Francisco, 1963).
* J A Udden, Mechanical composition of clastic sediments, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 25, 655-744 (1914).
* C K Wentworth, A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments, J. Geology V. 30, 377-392 (1922).
Admontite

**Admontite** is a mineral that is colorless in color and is made of crystals.  It is named for Admont, Austria, which is where they found the first example of it.  They found the first example of it in a gypsum deposit.  Gypsum and calcite both easily scratch this mineral, and it easily breaks as well.  Admontite is not radioactive. Admontite is not edible.

## References
Particle size (general)

The term **particle size** is used to compare dimensions of different small material objects.

Larger objects are usually called stone, rock, a piece of something, etc. The term *particle* indicates small size, usually less than centimeter. Particle might be either solid, or liquid, or even gas. Liquid particles are called *droplets*. Gaseous particles are *bubbles*. All of them can be characterised in terms of size.

*Particle size of spherical object equals to its diameter.

But a typical material object is likely to be irregular in shape. This causes ambiguity in definition of *particle size*. Existing definitions are based on replacent of a given particle with imaginary sphere that has one of the properties identical with the particle.
***Volume based particle size** equals to the diameter of the sphere that has same volume as a given particle;
***Weight based particle size** equals to the diameter of the sphere that has same weight as a given particle;
***Area based particle size** equals to the diameter of the sphere that has the same surface area as a given particle;
***Hydrodynamic particle size** equals to the diameter of the sphere that has the same drag coefficient as a given particle;

## Related pages
* Particle size (grain size)
Semicircle

In geometry, a **semicircle** is a two-dimensional geometric shape that forms half of a circle. Being half of a circle's 360° (360 degrees), the arc of a semicircle always measures 180°. A triangle inscribed in a semicircle is always a right triangle.

## Other websites
*Semicircle - Mathworld
1935 Labor Day hurricane

The **Labor Day Hurricane of 1935** was the strongest tropical cyclone during the 1935 Atlantic hurricane season. The second tropical cyclone, second hurricane, and second intense hurricane of the season was the most intense Atlantic hurricane that affected the United States, and it remains the first of three Category 5 hurricanes that struck the country. After forming as a weak tropical storm east of the Bahamas on August 29, it slowly proceeded westward, became a hurricane on September 1, and underwent rapid intensification prior to striking the upper Florida Keys on September 2. After landfall at its peak intensity, it continued northwest along the Florida west coast, and it weakened prior to landfall near Cedar Key on September 4.

The large and strong hurricane caused severe damage in the upper Florida Keys, and a storm surge about 18 to 20 feet affected the region. The hurricane's strong winds destroyed most of the buildings in the Islamorada area, and many World War I veteran workers were killed by the storm surge. Portions of the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railroad were severely damaged or destroyed. The hurricane also caused additional damage in northwest Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas. In total, more than 400 people were killed.

## Other websites
* Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
** Excerpts from the Labor Day 1935 Hurricane Monthly Weather Review Article
* Images of historic Florida Hurricanes (State Archives of Florida)
* Florida Keys History Museum
** Key West Memorial
** Hurricanes history
* Major Daniel C. Main killed in Hurricane 
* Monroe County listings at National Register of Historic Places
* Florida Keys Memorial  at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
*List of 56 victims
Vahan Totovents

**Vahan Hovhannesi Totovents** (; September 1, 1889 - July 18, 1938) was an Armenian writer, poet and public activist.

## Biography
Vahan Totovents was born in Mezire, Western Armenia (modern Turkey). He studied in Armenia and Istanbul, then at Wisconsin University which he finished in 1915.

He was a volunteer in the Caucasian front during World War I, and served as the bodyguard and translator for the secretary of General Andranik Ozanian, about whom he wrote memoires and published them in 1920. In Tbilisi Totovents edited the "Hayastan" paper, the official organ of Andranik.

Since 1922 he lived in Yerevan, Soviet Armenia. In 1938 he became a victim of Stalinism.

## Works
The works of Totovents were published from 1907. He is the author of "Doctor Burbonian" (1918), "Death battalion" (1923), "New York" (1927), "Baku" (v. 1-3, 1930-34), "Jonathan, Son of Jeremiah" novels, stories and dramas. He influenced to Armenian literature especially by his "Life on the Old Roman Road" autobiographical novel (1930, "A piece of sky" film by Henrik Malian) which "reflect the society, culture, and mores not only of the Armenians of his childhood but also of their neighbors in the waning days of the Ottoman Empire".

## Other websites
*Vahan Totovents (1893-1938)  Présentation de ses mémoires sur le Général Antranik (in French)
*Totovents at Amazon.com

## References
Leonid Azkaldian

**Leonid Azkaldian** (; November 22, 1942 in Tbilisi – June 21, 1992 in Martakert) was an Armenian physicist and one of the founders and the commander of "Liberation Army" military organization. 

## Biography
Leonid Azkaldian was born on November 22, 1942, in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR. In 1959, he graduated from Askanaz Mravyan school and in 1960, he was admitted into Physics Department of Moscow State University. He later transferred and graduated with honors from the same department of Yerevan State University. After graduation, he worked in many spheres in national economy of USSR.

Leonid Azkaldian was one of the creators of Karabakh movement and a military leader. From February of 1990, he planned and organized the defense of several regions of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (a part of Azerbaijan). In June, 1991, with Hovsep Hovsepyan co-founded and commanded the "Liberation army" military organization whose goal was to preserve the self-determination and defense of the local Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh. He was killed in 21 June, 1992 in the Tonashen village of Martakert region of occupied Nagorno-Karabakh. After his death, he was awarded with the Order of the Combat Cross of the First Degree.

## References
## Other websites
* Leonid Azkaldian
Central United States

time zones between April 2, 2006, and March 11, 2007. The current situation is different only in that Pulaski County, Indiana, is now in the Eastern time zone and no longer in the Central Time Zone.]]

The **Central United States** is sometimes conceived as between the Eastern United States and Western United States as part of a three-region model, roughly coincident with the Midwestern United States plus the western and central portions of the Southern United States; the term is also sometimes used more or less as a synonym for the Midwest, leaving out all or most of the South. 

The Census Bureau does not provide a standard definition of "Central" region of the United States, and organizations that need to subdivide the US are free to define a "Central" region to fit their needs.

## References and other websites
*Central Time Zone Midwest minus OH, MI, most of Indiana (seasonal), and westernmost fringes of Plains states; plus South minus South Atlantic states, eastern KY, eastern TN, but western FL is included.
*YPO  Only 6 central states of the Midwest, plus KY
*CERI  All of Midwest and South including MD, DE
*NOAA Midwest minus OH, plus KY, CO, WY
*HSUS  Midwest minus ND, SD, KS, plus KY
*USGS  West North Central States, South Central United States, 4 eastern Mountain States
*Adventure Camp  Midwest plus South minus Atlantic states, AL, WV
Hurricane Camille

**Hurricane Camille** was the third named storm and second hurricane of the 1969 Atlantic hurricane season. Camille was the second of three Category 5 hurricanes to make landfall in the United States during the 20th century, which it did near the mouth of the Mississippi River on the night of August 17, resulting in catastrophic damage.

The storm formed on August 14 and rapidly deepened. It scraped the western edge of Cuba at Category 3 strength. Camille strengthened further over the Gulf of Mexico and made landfall with a pressure of 900&nbsp;mbar (hPa), estimated sustained winds of 200;mph (305&nbsp;km/h), and a peak storm surge of 24 feet (7.3 m); by maximum sustained wind speeds, Camille was the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone recorded worldwide, and one of only four tropical cyclones worldwide ever to achieve wind speeds of 190&nbsp;mph. The hurricane flattened nearly everything along the coast of the U.S. state of Mississippi, and caused additional flooding and deaths inland while crossing the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. In total, Camille killed 259 people and caused $1.42 billion (1969 USD, $9.14 billion 2005 USD) in damages.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Harrison County Library's Camille Page
* Thirty Years After Hurricane Camille: Lessons Learned, Lessons Lost , Roger A. Pielke, Jr., Chantal Simonpietri, and Jennifer Oxelson, July 12, 1999.
* "Roar Of The Heavens: Surving Hurricane Camille," Stefan Bechtel (Citadel Press, 2006) 
* Track of Camille's eye at landfall 
* Storm surge profile 
* Post-Storm Report on Camille 
* The story of Harbour Oaks Inn 
* Radar image of Camille
Meridian, Mississippi

**Meridian** is the county seat and the most populous city of Lauderdale County in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the eighth most populous city in the state (after Jackson, Gulfport, Southaven, Biloxi, Hattiesburg, Olive Branch and Tupelo) and the principal city of the Meridian, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. it serves as a hub for the Eastern Mississippi region. The population was 35,052 at the 2020 census.  Many people moved there for a short time after Hurricane Katrina.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Meridian website
* The Meridian Star Newspaper
* History of Meridian's Jewish community
* MeridianOnline.info
Hydrometeorological Prediction Center

The **Hydrometeorological Prediction Center** (a.k.a. **HPC**) is one of nine Service Centers that are part of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), which is part of the National Weather Service, which in turn is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. government.

The HPC serves as a center of excellence in Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting, Medium Range Forecasting (three to seven days) and the interpretation of numerical weather prediction models.

The HPC issues storm summaries on storm systems bringing significant rainfall and snowfall to portions of the United States. Advisories are also issued for tropical cyclones which have moved inland and are no longer the responsibility of the National Hurricane Center. The HPC also acts as the backup office to the National Hurricane Center in the event of a complete communications failure.

The HPC was created in October 1995, when the former National Meteorological Center was reorganised into the NCEP. It is based at the World Weather Building in Camp Springs, Maryland, along with a few of the other National Centers such as the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), the Ocean Prediction Center (OPC), and the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC).

## Other websites
* Official website
Côte-Nord

**Côte-Nord** (French for "Northern Coast", area 234,000&nbsp;km², or 90,500 sq mi) is the second largest administrative region by land area in Quebec, Canada. It covers much of the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River's estuary and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence past Tadoussac. At the 2021 census it had a resident population of 88,525 people.

## References
## Other websites
* Côte-Nord Tourism
Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean

**Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean** is a region in Quebec, Canada.

## References
## Other websites
*Tourism Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana

**Plaquemines Parish** (Cajun French: *Paroisse Plaquemine*) is the parish with the biggest combined land and water area in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Pointe à la Hache. As of 2020, the parish's population was 23,515.

The name is pronounced  (transcription in IPA).

## References
Naiad (moon)

**Naiad** or **Neptune&nbsp;III** is the closest moon to Neptune named after the Naiads of Greek legend. It was found sometime before mid-September, 1989 from the images taken by the *Voyager 2* probe. The last moon to be discovered during the flyby, it was designated **S/1989&nbsp;N&nbsp;6**. Naiad is not a sphere and probably has not been changed by any internal geological processes after its formation. It orbits about 23,500&nbsp;km above Neptune's cloud tops. 

Since the *Voyager 2* flyby, the Neptune system has been studied a lot from ground-based observatories and the Hubble Space Telescope as well. In 2002-03, Keck telescope looked at the system using adaptive optics and detected easily the biggest four closer satellites. Thalassa was found with some image processing, but Naiad was not located.

## Other websites 
* Naiad Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration

 view of Naiad orbiting Neptune with the Sun in the distance.]]
Lovisa Aarberg

**Lovisa Aarberg** *(from 1803 -1866)* was a Swedish surgeon and doctor. 

She and Kisamor were the first female doctors in Sweden. She was a doctor and a surgeon long before it was permitted for women. In Sweden, her name is spelled as Lovisa Årberg, and she was often called *Jungfru Årberg*, which means "Maiden Årberg" in English.

## Personal life 
Lovisa Årberg was born in Uppsala. Her mother often nursed sick people, and when Lovisa was a child, she followed her mother to the hospitals. She learned a lot about sickness and medicine and how to cure and nurse sick people, and often helped people she knew when they were sick. 

## Career 
When she was an adult, she moved to Stockholm and became a maid. People had heard that she was good at helping sick people, and often came and asked her for help. Soon, even rich people started to ask her for help. The paid her money when she cured them, so she could stop being a maid and could start to work as a doctor instead. Lovisa then opened her own clinic and started to work as a doctor and a surgeon. 

She opened her clinic and started to work as a doctor in the 1820s. In the 1820s, it was forbidden for a woman to work as a doctor. The male doctors did not like that a woman worked as a doctor, and the government was worried that she might hurt her patients as she had never learned medicine at a university. But when they examined her, they found out that she was a very good doctor, and that she had all the knowledge that the male doctors had. 

So instead, they gave her a medal and special permission to work as a surgeon and a doctor. She continued to work as a doctor for forty years, until the 1860s. She gave treatment to poor people, even when they did not have the money to pay her. She was a popular doctor, and many people asked her for help. She worked very hard until she became unhealthy, so she often had to take time to rest.

## References 
* https://runeberg.org/sqvinnor/0449.html
Kisamor

**Kisamor**, (1788-1842), was a famous female doctor in Sweden. Her real name was Maria Jansson, but she was always called Kisamor. Kisamor means "The Mother in Kisa" in English, and Kisa was the place were she worked. She was a doctor before it was allowed for a woman to be a doctor, and she is the most famous woman doctor in Sweden in the 19th century.

She was born in Örebro. Her father was a doctor in natural medicine, and she wanted to become one too. But her father wouldn't let her. Instead, her forced her to marry a farmer. The marriage became unhappy, and she divorced her husband.

She often visited sick people and worked as a doctor in natural medicine. One day, she was given a house in Östergötland as a gift by some rich women after she had made them well after sickness. She visited the sick in their cottages, and sometimes they came to her in the inn called Kisa, and therefore, she was called "The Mother in Kisa".

She became famous, and people came to her from all over the country to ask her for help. In 1825, she was given special permission to work as a doctor, even though it was forbidden for a woman to work as a doctor.

## Related pages
* Lovisa Aarberg

## Sources 
* Österberg, Carin et al., *Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare*. Lund: Signum 1990. ()
* http://art-bin.com/art/akisamo.html

## Other websites 
* http://art-bin.com/art/akisamen.html
Asynchronous Transfer Mode

**Asynchronous Transfer Mode** is a set of protocols used for computer networks. It is mostly used for Wide Area Networks (WAN). It splits the data, and encodes it into packets of a fixed size. Each packet can be routed differently, along virtual paths set up in the network. 

ATM has been very successful in WANs, as well as in Local Area Networks (LAN). Today, many ADSL implementations use ATM technology.

Standards like Ethernet (which is used for LANs) usually are quite simple. When there is little traffic on the network they work well. However, when there is a lot of traffic it is difficult to predict how an Ethernet network will behave. For this reason, Ethernet cannot give any service guarantees. It is not possible to say that an Ethernet packet will take a maximum delay, but after that time it is guaranteed to arrive.

ATM is more complex, but this complexity allows to give guarantees as to data rate, maximum delay, and jitter. These are usually called Quality of Service. 

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) defines several types of connections and services to cater to various networking needs. 

## Types 
* Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)
* Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)
* Point-to-Point Connection
* Point-to-Multipoint Connection
* Class of Service (CoS)
Thalassa (moon)

view of **Thalassa** orbiting Neptune.]]
**Thalassa** or **Neptune&nbsp;IV**, is the second closest moon to Neptune. It was named after a daughter of Aether and Hemera from Greek mythology.
"Thalassa" is also the Greek word for "sea".

Thalassa was discovered sometime before mid-September, 1989 from the images taken by the *Voyager 2* probe. It was given the designation **S/1989&nbsp;N&nbsp;5**. The discovery was said (IAUC 4867) on September 29, 1989, but the text only talks of "25 frames taken over 11 days", giving a discovery date of sometime before September 18. The name was given on 16 September 1991.

Thalassa is not a sphere and shows no sign of any geological changes. Unusually for a non-spherical moon, it appears to be oddly shaped not able to be explained.

## Other websites 
* Thalassa Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
Bayerischer Rundfunk

**Bayerischer Rundfunk** is the main German radio and television broadcasting company for Bavaria. It is a member of the ARD public broadcasting group.

It includes the following broadcasting services:

the **radio stations**
* Bayern 1
* Bayern 2
* Bayern 3
* BR-Klassik
* BR Schlager
* BR24
* BR24live
and the **TV channels**
* BR Fernsehen
* ARD-Alpha

File:Logo Bayerischer Rundfunk mit ARD-Dachmarke 2024.svg|The logo of the Bayerischer Rundfunk
File:Logo Bayerischer Rundfunk 2024.svg|The logo of the TV channel BR Fernsehen
Disorder

**Disorder** may mean

#Disorder (medicine): a functional abnormality in a person's body. 
#Mental disorder: a psychological pattern with distress or disability which occurs in a person and is not a part of normal development or culture.
#Civil disorder: disturbances caused in public places.
#Lawlessness: general lack of law enforcement.
#Randomness as opposed to order
Asian elephant

The **Asian elephant** (*Elephas maximus*) is the elephant species living in Asia. They are more easily tamed than larger African elephants. People have used them as working animals for hundreds of years. 

The Asian elephant is mostly found in parts of India and nearby countries.

## Description 
Asian elephants are different from African elephants. They are smaller, have smaller ears, short legs, a more rounded back, and a fourth toenail on each of their back feet. They have thick, dry skin with a small amount of stiff hair, and are grey to brown in colour. Male Asian elephants have small tusks and female Asian elephants have no tusks. Sometimes pink spots appear on the ears as a result of loss of pigment.

Asian elephants eat grass, hay, twigs, bark and fruits. It can live up to 60 to 80 years. It can weigh up to 5000kg and be up to 300cm tall. It takes up to 660 days or 22 months until the babies are born. 

## Distribution 
Asian elephants live across many parts of India and Sri Lanka. They also live as far east as Sumatra, Indonesia. These three areas have subspecies that are slightly different.

## Habitat 
Asian elephants are spread over areas with very different amounts of rain. They can survive in dry places where less than 40cm of rain falls per year, and in wet areas where over 8 meters of rain fall in a year.

## References
Lea Ahlborn

**Lea Fredrika Ahlborn** (*née* **Lundgren**) (18 February 1826 – 13 November 1897) was a famous Swedish artist. She was a member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Arts, and the first woman to be appointed royal printmaker. The position of royal printmaker also made her the first female official in Sweden.
## Life
She was daughter to Ludvig Lundgren, who was a printmaker, and she early decided, that she wanted to become a printmaker too. In 1849, she, as well as Amalia Lindegren and Agnes Börjesson, became one of the four women who were given permission to study art at the Swedish Royal Academy of Arts.    

In 1851, she made a study-trip to Paris with her teacher Carl Gustaf Qvarnström and her brother Pehr Henrik.

In 1855, she was appointed royal printmaker, and was also elected as a member in the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. She kept herself updated in everything regarding her work, and was given assignments from the Swedish Academy, the science academy and the royal academy Pro Patria. She made the medal-portraits to the celebration of the anniversary of the king and queen, and she was hired by the US government to make the medal of George Washington at the centenary (hundred years anniversary) of the end of the American War for Independence in 1883. In 1892, she was given the medal *Illis Quorum* by the king.
## Family
Her sister, Carolina Weidenhayn, (1822-1902), became the first professional female xylographer, who after she studied in Paris 1858-1867, became an instructor at the great technical school Tekniska Skolan in 1859-1881.

## Sources 
* Österberg, Carin et al., *Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare*. Lund: Signum 1990. ()
Hedda Hjortsberg

**Hedda (Hedvig Katarina) Hjortsberg**, (1777-1867), was a Swedish ballerina. She was the sister of Swedish actor Lars Hjortsberg. She became a student of the French ballet-master Louis Gallodier in 1786, at the age of nine. Between 1791 and 1806 she was a premier-dancer at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm. She danced the parts of Lucile in the pantomime ballet *Det dubbla giftermålet* by Jean Marcadet in the 1790-1719 season, Leonore in *Enleveringen* by Louis Deland, and Diana in *Diana och Kärleken* by Deland in 1800-1801. She also performed the part of Venus in *Venus och Adonis* by Deland in 1801-1802, and Frosine in *Dansvurmen* by Gardel in 1803-1804. When the Opera was opened again in 1809 after it had been closed since 1806, she performed with her five year old daughter in *Dansvurmen*.  Hjortsberg married the businessman Erik Samuel Koersner in 1804, and Abraham Hülphers in 1811, and after that, she danced only as a guest-artist.

## Sources 
* https://runeberg.org/sbh/a0501.html
* Georg Nordensvan, "Svensk teater och svenska skådespelare från Gustav III till våra dagar; Första bandet, 1842-1772"
* Kungliga teaterns repertoar 1773-1973".
Despina (moon)

**Despina** or **Neptune&nbsp;V** is the third closest moon to Neptune. It is named after Despina, a nymph who was a daughter of Poseidon. 

Despina was found in late July 1989 from the images taken by the *Voyager 2* probe. It was given the designation **S/1989&nbsp;N&nbsp;3**.

Despina is not a sphere and shows no sign of any geological changes.

## Other websites 
* Despina Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration

## References
St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana

**St. Bernard Parish** (; ) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 43,764. The parish seat and largest community is Chalmette. The parish was formed in 1807.

## Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of , of which  is land and  (83%) is water. It is the second largest parish in Louisiana by total area and has the largest percentage of area in water of any parish.

### Bodies of water
*Lake Borgne  (north)
*Mississippi River  (southwest)
*Gulf of Mexico  (east)

### State park
* St. Bernard State Park

## References
## Other websites
*Official website of the St. Bernard's Parish Government
*Official website of the St. Bernard Parish Tourist Commission
*St. Bernard Chamber of Commerce
*The Isleños of St. Bernard Parish
*H.O.P.E. Project of Violet, Louisiana 
*Post-Katrina cleanup and volunteer efforts 
*Hurricane Katrina Journal by Samantha Perez of St. Bernard Parish
*St Bernard Health Statistics, History, and Vital Information 
*Chalmation.net  St. Bernard Internet Portal
Karolina Bock

**Karolina Sofia Bock**, (1792-1872), was a Swedish dancer, actor and singer. She also became principal for the famous theatre-school, Dramatens elevskola.
## Birth
Karolina Bock was born as Karolina Richter. She was a student at the theatrical school Dramatens elevskola in Stockholm between 1806 and 1809, were she was instructed by the principal Sofia Lovisa Gråå. Many of the girls graduating from the school between 1804 and 1812, when Gråå was principal, became famous in Sweden, and were called "the girls of Gråå".
## Works
Karolina worked at the theatres Djurgårdsteatern and Nya Komiska Teatern before she was hired at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in 1814. She worked there for fifty years, and became one of the most popular actors there. But she never became a star because of the parts she played; she always played old women in comedys, never heroines and main parts. She was very well used and never lacked parts to play, but she was not given main parts. It was said, that she had a rare quality; she knew her limitations.

Her most popular parts were in the plays *Min tante Aurore*, *Bildhuggaren*, *Brodertvisten*, *Syrsan*, *Preciosa*, *Jane Eyre* and *Mäster Smith*.

She was principal for Dramatens elevskola two times; the first time from 1831 to 1834, and the second time from 1841 to 1856. She was also teatcher in declamation there. She was the third woman to be principal for the famous school. Anne Marie Milan Desguillons had ben the first in 1793-1800, but she was principal together with her husband. Sofia Lovisa Gråå had ben the first woman who was principal of this school alone, and she was principal in 1804-1812. Karolina Bock was a good teacher, but unlike her own teacher, Sofia Lovisa Gråå, she was very strict and firm with her students, so strict that her students rebelled and had her deposed from her position as principal. But she continued to work as an actor until 1863.
## Mariage
Karolina Bock was married two times. In 1813, she married J.G. Svanberg, who played violin in the royal chapel, and in 1826 she married K.F. Bock, who played the flute in the royal chapel. She had a daughter, Bertha Tammelin, who became an actor, singer, composer, musician and a teacher at Dramatens elevskola.

Karolina Bock was rewarded with the medal Litteris et Artibus in 1857.

## Sources 
* Nordisk familjebok
* Österberg, Carin et al., *Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare*. Lund: Signum 1990. ()
* https://runeberg.org/sqvinnor/0054.html
St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana

**St. Tammany Parish** (French: *Paroisse de Saint-Tammany*) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana, in the New Orleans metropolitan area. The population was 264,570 in 2020, making it the fourth-most populous parish in Louisiana. The parish seat is Covington. The parish was founded in 1810.

## References 
## Other websites 
* St. Tammany Parish government's website
* St. Tammany school board's website
Chef

]]

A **chef** is a person who cooks food as their job. They usually work in restaurants or hotels.

## Full explanation 
The chef is responsible for everything about the food in a restaurant. He is responsible for buying the food, hiring and supervising the kitchen workers, creating the menus for the customers, and deciding the recipes (the details of how the cooking is done). Some chefs are trained and some are not trained.

The **sous-chef** (sometimes called an assistant chef) is the chef's main helper. A **chef de partie** is a 'line chef', in charge of a station in the kitchen. The **commis chef** works under a chef de partie. It is usually a training position. 

The lines or stations in a big kitchen are:
*Sauté chef
*Fish chef
*roast chef
*grill and/or fry chef
*vegetable chef
*roundsman (fills in where needed)
*pantry chef
*butcher
*pastry chef

## Related pages
* Celebrity chef

## Other websites
* free chefs resource guide built by chefs for chefs 
* Official certification levels of the American Culinary Federation
Amalia Lindegren

**Amalia Euphrosyne Lindegren** (22 May 1814 – 27 December 1891) was a famous Swedish painter.
## Life
She became an orphan when her mother died in 1817. Then, she was adopted by the widow of Benjamin Sandel. Benjamin Sandel is thought to have been her real father.

Amalia liked to draw and wanted to become an artist. When the artist Qvarnström saw her drawings, he got her a permission to study art at the Swedish Academy of Arts in 1849. They thought she was very promising and had great talent. In 1850, she became the first woman who got a scholarship by the Academy to study art in Paris.

In 1856, she was elected to become a member in to the Swedish Academy of Arts. She showed people her paintings in the exhibitions in Paris in 1867, Philadelphia in 1876, and in Chicago in 1893.

## Related pages
* Lea Ahlborn
*Düsseldorf school of painting

## Sources 
* Österberg, Carin et al., *Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare*. Lund: Signum 1990. ()
Chewing gum

**Chewing gum** is a type of candy flavored with natural sugar or artificial sweeteners and also flavors such as mint. Gum is made to be chewed, and not swallowed. People chew gum for personal enjoyment and also to help clean teeth. Before it is chewed, the gum comes either soft and  or hard and then softens in your mouth. People are usually finished with gum once all the flavor is extracted, or their mouth becomes sore. Once people are done with gum, they throw it away.
## History 
**Chewing gum** was invented at least 5000 years ago and in many places, made from many different plants. 

The first commercial chewing gum, called The State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum, was made in 1848. In 1850 the first gum made from paraffin wax was produced.  It was often eaten with powdered sugar. The first flavored chewing gum was created in the 1860s by John Colgan, in Louisville, Kentucky. About the same time modern chewing gum was first developed when chicle was brought from Mexico by the former president, General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.  It was  marketed as Adams New York Chewing Gum in 1871. Black Jack, which is flavored with licorice started in 1884, Chiclets (1899), and Wrigley's Spearmint Gum were early popular gums that quickly dominated the market and are all still around today.

American soldiers in WWII were supplied with chewing gum as a ration. They traded it with locals which widened the market. Chewing gum is less popular now.   

## Types 
### Stick Gum 
* In a stick form
* In different flavors but mostly in refreshing, tropical ones
### Bubble gum 
* Is the best gum to make bubbles with
* In many fruit flavors
* Mostly common in cubes 

### Jawbreaker Gum 
* In small hard shape (mostly sphere) with a soft center
### Functional Gum 
* They have medical function
* It has vitamins or different minerals in it

### Nicotine Gum 
* It tries to help people stop smoking
* It gives old smokers something to do instead of smoking
* It contains a small amount of nicotine
* Is not an alternative to smoking

## Effects 
### Health 
The effects of chewing gum on health vary. Sugar free chewing gum is sometimes recommended by dentists, because it can clean the teeth. Chewing gum which contains sugar can, depending on the kind of sugar, harm the teeth. Gum can help to avoid snacks.

### Environment 
The new version of chewing gum has environmental effects, because it cannot rot easily. Also, it is hard to clean up if it sticks somewhere.
### Other 
Chewing gum can have a good effect on concentration. There are many other effects on people coming from different new invented chewing gums, like dry mouth gum, or energy gum.

## References
Mobile, Alabama

**Mobile** () is a city and the county seat of Mobile County in the U.S. state of Alabama. The population within the city limits was 187,041 as of the 2020 census,

It is at the head of Mobile Bay. Mobile is the principal municipality of the Mobile–Pensacola Metropolitan Statistical Area, a region of 430,197 residents which is composed of Mobile and Washington counties and is the third largest MSA in the state. Mobile Mobile is included in the Mobile–Daphne–Fairhope Combined Statistical Area with a total population of 661,964, the second largest CSA fully in the state.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Mobile
* Mobile Area Chamber of Commerce 
* Mobile Bay Convention & Visitors Bureau
* Mobile Carnival Museum
Bayou La Batre, Alabama

**Bayou La Batre** ( is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. It is included in the Mobile metropolitan statistical area. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,204.

## References
## Other websites
* Bayou La Batre Chamber of Commerce 
* The Bayou La Batre Historical Homepage
Herat

**Herat** (, Herāt) is a city in Afghanistan. As of 2012, about 436,300 people live there. It is the third-largest city in Afghanistan. It is the capital of Herat Province. It is in the west of the country, close to the border of Iran. The spoken language in the city is called Herati Persian or just Herati.

## History
Herat dates back to very old times. Avesta, the old book of Zoroastrianism mentions Herat as "Haroyu" and lists it as the sixth land of the sixteen perfect lands created by Ahura Mazda, the Zoroastrian god. In Achaemenid times (ca. 550-330 BC), the surrounding district was known as "Haraiva" (in Old Persian). Ancient Greeks called it "Aria" and "Artacoana" was the capital of Aria. Alexander the Great took Artacoana in 330 BC and destroyed it. He later built another city near Artacoana and named it "Alexandria in Ariana", today's city of Herat. After him Parthians and Sassanians took over. Sassanians called the city “Harēv”.

Arabs took Herat in 660 AD, and it became a center of the Muslim world. Herat has a long history as a centre for Sufism, the mystical branch of Islam. It became part of the area then known as Khurasan, which reached its peak of civilization in the twelfth century. In 1221 AD, it was taken by the Mongols and later destroyed by Genghis Khan and Timur, the Turkic conqueror, took it in about 1393 AD. Herat’s greatest era was during the Timurid rule, when it was a centre of science and culture. As the capital of the Timurid empire, it boasted many fine religious buildings and was famous for its sumptuous court life and musical performance and its tradition of miniature paintings. Later Persians and Afghans fought over the control of the city and Herat changed hands several times before it (under British interference) permanently became part of Afghanistan in 1857 under the Treaty of Paris.

In March 1979, an anti-Communist uprising in Herat, left 25,000 civilian deaths. Between 1978 and 1992, communist forces in Herat city fought resistance forces holding the countryside. In 1995 the area came under the control of Pashtuns of the Taliban movement. After the United States' invasion of Afghanistan, on November 12, 2001, it was liberated from the Taliban by the Northern Alliance.

## References
Relay race

A **relay race** is a track and field event in which athletes run a pre-set distance carrying a baton before passing it onto the next runner. Often, a relay team is a team of four sprinters.

In athletics, the two standard relays are the 4x100 meter relay and the 4x400 meter relay. Traditionally, the 4x400 meter relay finals are the last event of a track meet.

Nowadays, long distance relays have become increasingly popular with runners of all skill-levels. These runners typically have 5 to 36 legs, each between 5 and 10 kilometers (3-6 miles) long.

## Related pages
* Middle distance race
* Long distance race
* Walking race
* Hurdle race
* Sprint
* Steeplechase
* Cross-country race
* Marathon
Hydrology

covers 70% of the Earth's surface]]
]]

**Hydrology**  is the study of movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth. A person who studies hydrology is called a **hydrologist**.

The central theme of hydrology is how the water circulates. This is called the water cycle. The most vivid illustration of it is the water evaporation from the ocean with the formation of clouds. These clouds drift over the land and produce rain.

## Related pages
* Civil engineering
* Climatology
* Hydraulics
* Hydrography

## Notes
Slidell, Louisiana

**Slidell** is the largest city in St. Tammany Parish in Louisiana. It is on the northeast shore of Lake Pontchartrain.
As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 28,781.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Slidell 
* "Slidell Sentry News"
* *St. Petersburg Times* Travel article
* Photographs of Hurricane Katrina's destruction in Slidell
* Information About the City of Slidell
Bay St. Louis, Mississippi

**Bay Saint Louis** is a city in Hancock County, Mississippi. It is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, 9,284 people lived there. It is the county seat of Hancock County. Like several other upper Gulf Coast cities, Bay Saint Louis was devastated by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005.

## References
Waveland, Mississippi

**Waveland** is a city in Hancock County, Mississippi, on the Gulf of Mexico. It is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, 7,210 people lived there. On August 29, 2005, Waveland was nearly destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.

Before Traversing Waveland MS, type in HonorYourOath on a YouTube search bar. Watch what happens to a sober veteran on the courthouse steps. 8.8 million views. 

## References
## Other websites
*City of Waveland, Mississippi , Official Web Site of the City of Waveland
*Waveland practically wiped off map by force of Katrina , an August 31, 2005 article about the damage from Hurricane Katrina
*Katrina town fights for survival, BBC report, December 2, 2005
*Turtles in Action, Tulpe Lodge of the Order of the Arrow, Boy Scouts of America, has been to Waveland as part of the relief effort.
*The Giving Circle, Inc., carries out Operation: Waveland, MS, helping to rebuild Waveland.
*alexwrege.com , blog entries and images about a volunteer operation from The University of Toledo.
*Mission to Mississippi , group started in Wayland, Massachusetts to help rebuild Waveland.
Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area

highlighting the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area]]
The **Gulfport-Biloxi Metropolitan Statistical Area** is a metropolitan area in the Mississippi Gulf Coast region that covers four counties – Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, and Stone. At the 2023 estimate, its population was 421,916.

At the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 246,190. The area was significantly impacted by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. A July 1, 2006, estimate placed the population at 227,904.  Prior to the hurricane, the area had experienced steady to moderate population growth. It is also part of the larger Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula Combined Statistical Area.

## References
Biloxi, Mississippi

**Biloxi** ( ; ) is the second most populous city in Harrison County and the fourth most populous in the U.S. state of Mississippi, in the United States. The 2020 census recorded the population as 49,449. Biloxi is co–county seat with the larger city Gulfport, in the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi Combined Statistical Area.

The beachfront of Biloxi lies directly on the Mississippi Sound, with barrier islands scattered off the coast and into the Gulf of Mexico.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official web page
* Photographs of Hurricane Katrina's destruction on Mississippi's Gulf Coast from davidmetraux.com
* History of Biloxi's Jewish community  (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life)
**The Sun-Herald*
El Toro (Six Flags Great Adventure)

**El Toro**, a Spanish term meaning **The Bull**, is a wooden roller coaster at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey, United States. It was opened on June 11, 2006. It had the steepest drop of any wooden roller coaster in the world, at 76 degrees, until Goliath at Six Flags Great America opened in 2014. It is 188 feet tall, a world record breaking drop on a wooden roller coaster, and goes at a maximum (highest possible) speed of 113 km/h. The speed can sometimes be different. At the beginning of the day, it starts slow, but it goes faster and faster throughout the day. It begins at 108&nbsp;km/h and by the end of the day it travels at 118&nbsp;km/h. It has 4,400 feet of track, and the trains are known to not really slow down much through the whole ride. El Toro is also known for its strong *airtime* (when riders would be thrown out of the seats if the restraints were not there).

## Construction 
El Toro is quite different than most other wooden roller coasters because it is made out prefabricated track, which means that the pieces of track were cut in a factory and do not need to be cut by hand. This makes the time to build El Toro much shorter. Since it uses prefabricated track, the ride is very smooth. Most wooden roller coasters are known to be quite rough.
Gulfport, Mississippi

**Gulfport** is the second largest city in the U.S. state of Mississippi, after the state capital Jackson. It is the larger (population wise) of two, aom cities of the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the city of Gulport had a population of 72,926. Gulfport is co-county seat with Biloxi of Harrison County, Mississippi. Gulfport is the east coast home to the US Navy Seabees, and also the birthplace of American football player Brett Favre.

On August 29, 2005, Gulfport was hit by the strong east side of Hurricane Katrina, and much of Gulfport was flooded or destroyed. Much of Gulfport was also severely damaged by Hurricane Camille on August 17, 1969.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Gulfport's Official web site 
* History of Gulfport's Jewish community  (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life)
Long Beach, Mississippi

**Long Beach** is a city (incorporated August 10, 1905) in Harrison County, Mississippi, USA. It is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, 16,780 people lived there. It also the home of Alphonso Campbell.

## References
## Other websites
* City of Long Beach, MS
Galatea (moon)

:*There is also an asteroid called 74 Galatea.*

**Galatea** or **Neptune&nbsp;VI**, is the fourth closest moon to Neptune. It is named after Galatea, one of the Nereids of Greek legend.

Galatea was found in late July 1989 from the images taken by the *Voyager 2* probe. It was given the designation **S/1989&nbsp;N&nbsp;4**. The discovery was said (IAUC 4824) on August 2, 1989, but the text only talks of "10 frames taken over 5 days", giving a discovery date of sometime before July 28. The name was given on 16 September 1991.

It is not a sphere and shows no sign of any geological changes.

## Other websites
* Galatea Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
Pass Christian, Mississippi

**Pass Christian** is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States, along the Gulf of Mexico.  It is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 5,686 at the 2020 census.

## References
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi Combined Statistical Area

The **Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula Combined Statistical Area** was made up of five counties in the Mississippi Gulf Coast region. It is not listed as a combined statistical area today.

The statistical area consisted of the Gulfport-Biloxi Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Pascagoula Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2000, the CSA had a population of 396,754. The area was significantly impacted by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. A July 1, 2006 estimate placed the population at 380,309. Prior to the hurricane, the area had experienced steady to moderate population growth.

## References
Mikoyan MiG-29

]]

The **MiG-29 Fulcrum** is a fighter aircraft made by Russian aircraft company Mikoyan. It first flew in 1977, and was introduced in 1983. It was made by the Soviet Union during the Cold War so it could fight new American fighters like the F-16 Fighting Falcon and F/A-18 Hornet. It is still used by the Russian Air Force and other countries in Europe, Asia and Africa.

## MiG-29s for trying things 
There are some versions of the MiG-29 that are for trying things out.

*The **MiG-33 Super Fulcrum** is another MiG-29 that is meant for trying things like ground bombing. 

*The **MiG-35 Fulcrum-F** is meant for trying new technology.

## External Video
* Russian Multirole fighter 『MiG-35 (NATO reporting name: Fulcrum-F)』Official Video
**  - Sponsored by ROSOBORONEXPORT,JSC

## Related pages
*Su-27 Flanker

## References
Emmy Rossum

**Emmanuelle Grey "Emmy" Rossum** (born September 12, 1986) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Laura Chapman in the 2004 movie *The Day After Tomorrow* and as Christine Daae in *The Phantom of the Opera*. She is also known for her role as Fiona Gallagher in the comedy-drama televisions series *Shameless*.

## Other websites 
*
27 (number)

**27** (**twenty-seven**) is a number. It comes between twenty-six and twenty-eight, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 9, and 27.
28 (number)

**28** (**twenty-eight**) is a number. It comes between twenty-seven and twenty-nine. Twenty-eight is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28. 28 is a perfect number. The perfect number before twenty-eight is six.