open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mexico City Metro

The **Mexico City Metro** () is a rapid transit system that serves the metropolitan area of Mexico City. It also extends to some cities in Mexico State. It is operated by the operated by the **Sistema de Transporte Colectivo** (**STC**). 

 Locomotive.]]

It is the second largest metro system in North America after the New York City Subway. In 2019, the system served 1.655 billion passengers.

## References
Cairo Station

***Cairo Station*** also called ***The Iron Gate*** ( *Bāb al-Ḥadīd*) is a 1958 Egyptian crime drama movie directed by Youssef Chahine (who also stars) and also starring Fariq Shawqi, Hind Rostom, Said Khalil.

## Other websites
*
*
The Blazing Sun (1954 movie)

***The Blazing Sun*** (, ) is a 1954 Egyptian romantic drama movie directed by Youssef Chahine and starring Omar Sharif (in his movie debut), Faten Hamama, Zaki Rostom, Farid Shawqi.

## Other websites
*
The Angel of Mercy

***The Angel of Mercy*** (, translit.&nbsp;Malak al-Rahma) is a 1946 Egyptian drama movie directed by Youssef Wahbi (who also stars) and also starring Faten Hamama, Farid Shawqi, Negma Ibrahim, Raqiya Ibrahim.

## Other websites
*
Podolia

of Podolia within Ukraine.]]
**Podolia**, also known as **Podilia**, is a region in Ukraine that is located south of Volhynia, north of both Moldova and Bukovina, and northwest of the Dniester River. It was a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (where it had the highest population density) until the late 18th century, when it was split between Austria and Russia due to the partitions of Poland. Even afterwards, the Polish nobility continued to dominate Podolia while the peasants there were mostly Ukrainians. By the end of the 19th century, Ukrainian nationalism began spreading to Podolia. The towns of western Podolia failed to become large cities because they were overshadowed by Lviv. During the Russian Civil War, Poland, Ukraine, the White Russians, and the Bolsheviks all competed for Podolia. In the end, Podolia got divided between Poland, who got western Podolia, and the Soviet Union, who got eastern Podolia. This situation existed until World War II, when the Soviet Union conquered all of Podolia. Due to World War II, the Holocaust, and later emigration, the Jewish and Polish populations of Podolia significantly decreased. After the end of World War II, the Russian population in Podolia increased significantly. Even today, Podolia is one of the most agricultural and least industrialized parts of Ukraine.

## References
In Your Hands

***In Your Hands*** or ***Bain Edik*** is a 1960 Egyptian romantic comedy movie directed by Youssef Chahine and starring Magda, Shukri Sarhan, Naima Wasfi, Abdel Fatah Al Kasri, Zeenat Sidqi.

## Other websites
*
Jean Muir

**Jean Elizabeth Muir** CBE FCSD (/mjʊər/ *MEWR*; 17 July 1928 – 28 May 1995) was a famous British fashion designer.

## Early life 
Muir was born in London. She is the daughter of Cyril Muir, a draper's floor superintendent, and his wife, Phyllis Coy. Her father was an Aberdonian, and Muir would attribute her creative fashion designer and self-discipline to this Scottish ancestry.

## Education 
She was educated at the Bedford Girls' Modern School.

## References
A. & L. Tirocchi Gowns

**A.& L. Tirocchi Gowns** (also known as *Di Renaissance*) was a business founded in 1911 in Providence, Rhode Island.

## Early life 
Anna (b.c. 1873) and Laura Tirocchi (b.c. 1888) were half-sisters born into a landowning family in the working-class town of Guarcino, Italy. They had different fathers. They received high-quality training in dressmaking and design in Rome, Italy where they moved with their mother.

## Notability 
The sisters and their business are notable. Their quarters were preserved by the family *in situ* after it closed in 1947. The contents were donated in 1989 to Rhode Island School of Design which, with Brown University and the University of Rhode Island, worked for years to inventory and catalog the records and materials. 

In 2001 the business was the subject of an exhibition at the RISD Museum. This is believed to be the most complete collection of a 20th-century custom dressmaking business in existence.

## References
Aggtelek

**Aggtelek** is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county.

## Location 
Aggtelek is in the Hungaro-Slovakian border.

### Connections 
Aggtelek got a minor road heading between Szin and Sajókaza. The village also got a small road that connects Slovakia with it.

## History 
The village was already exist before the Hungarian conquest. The cave was known even that time, Csokonay and Petőfi was in it. In 1858, a fire destroyed the entire village; only the school and one residential buildings remained. In the World War II, the soviet troops ruined Aggtelek. When new mines opened near Kazincbarcika, Aggtelek got several commercial chances. In 1995, the Baradla caves become part of the UNESCO Heritage Sites.
Elizabeth Keckley

**Elizabeth Hobbs Keckley** (sometimes spelled Keckly; February 1818 – May 1907) was a former slave who became a successful seamstress, civil activist, and author in Washington, DC, United States. 

## References
Carb loading

**Carb loading**, also known as **carbo-loading,** is a method athletes use to try to fill up their body with glycogen for being able to use more energy.  It is done by eating a meal high in carbohydrates just right before an activity such as a long distance run. Some atheletes might not feel good from using this method.

## References
Doris Leuthard

**Doris Leuthard** (born 10 April 1963) is a Swiss lawyer and politician. She was the President of the Swiss Confederation for 2010 and 2017.

## Biography 
Leuthard graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Zurich, she took language courses in Paris and Calgary. 

In 1989, she started her law practice. 

From 1991 to 2006, she worked as a lawyer.

In 1997-2000, Leuthard was a member of the parliament of the canton of Aargau. 

From 1999 to 2006, she was a member of the Swiss National Council.

Leuthard was a vice-chairman of the Christian Democratic People's Party in 2001-2004 and party chairman from 2004 to 2006.

On June 14, 2006, she was elected a member of the Federal Council and became the fifth woman in its history. 

On August 1, 2006, Leuthard headed the Federal Department of Economic Affairs. 

On November 1, 2010, she headed the Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications.

In December 2008, Leuthard became Vice President of Switzerland, and in December 2009 she took a position of President.

On December 7, 2016, she was re-elected President of Switzerland.

Since 2019, Leuthard is a member of the board of the Kofi Annan Foundation.

## References 
## Other websites 
* UVEK
Janet Walker

**Janet Walker** is a Chartered Arbitrator with offices in Toronto, Canada, London, England and Sydney, Australia. She is a Canadian scholar and author in the fields of Private International Law.

## Education 
Walker holds B.A. (Hons.) and M.A. degrees from York University, an LL.B. degree from Osgoode Hall Law School and a DPhil from Oxford University. 

## Teaching career 
She is a Professor and former Associate Dean at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, where she lectures Conflict of Laws and International Dispute Resolution and is co-director of the Osgoode Professional Development LLM Program in Civil Litigation and Dispute Resolution. She coached the Osgoode Hall team for the Willem C. Vis Moot during 2001-2014, including when they won the competition in 2004, and has sat as Arbitrator for the competition.

## References
Alice Palmer

**Alice J. Palmer** (born June 20, 1939) is an American educator and politician who served as a member of the Illinois Senate. Known as a longtime progressive activist, Palmer represented the state's 13th Senate District from June 6, 1991, until January 8, 1997.

## References
Ryan Potter

**Ryan Ken Potter** (born **Ryan Ken Hagimoto**; September 12, 1995) is an American actor.

## Early life 
Potter was born in Portland, Oregon to Keiji Hagimoto and Jordanna Potter. His father is Japanese and his mother is Jewish American.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Ryan Potter at TV Guide
*
Robert Lustig

**Robert H. Lustig** (born 1957) is an American pediatric endocrinologist. He has been known for speaking out against sugar. He has been mentioned in some articles about the bad effects of sugar. He does not believe that a calorie is a calorie.

## Written books 
* (2010) *Obesity Before Birth: Maternal and Prenatal Influences on the Offspring.* Boston: Springer Science.
* (2013) *Fat Chance: Beating the Odds against Sugar, Processed Food, Obesity, and Disease.* New York: Hudson Street Press.
* (2013) ''Sugar Has 56 Names: A Shopper's Guide*, Avery.
* (2014) with Heather Millar, *The Fat Chance Cookbook'', Thorndike Press.
* (2017) "The Hacking of the American Mind", Avery.

## References
Steve McKean

**Stephen Ronald McKean **  ( – 3 May 2021) was an American-born New Zealand basketball coach. He first moved to New Zealand in 1971. He was coach of the New Zealand men's national basketball team. He also coached in the New Zealand NBL and was the league's coach of the year in 1992.

McKean was married and had a daughter. He died of cancer on 3 May 2021 in New Plymouth. He was 77.

## References
## Other websites
*Steve McKean college statistics  at Sports-Reference.com
Merten's yellow tree frog

'''Merten's yellow tree frog'* (*Dendropsophus robertmerntensi'') is a frog that lives in Mexico.  It lives on the west side of Mexico, by the Pacific Ocean, in forests and wetlands.
## References
Gyros (food)

bread]]
A **gyros** is a Greek food. It is cooked on a vertical rotisserie then thinly sliced.

Gyros is traditionally served with tzatziki in a pita bread and it can be made with pork, beef, chicken and lamb.

It is a popular fast food in Greece, Turkey and the United States.

## Related pages 
* Shawarma
Magua (clothing)

The ***magua*** ( Manchu:  *olbo*) was a style of jacket worn by males during the Chinese Qing dynasty (1644–1911). It was designed to be worn together with the *manshi changshan* ().

It was worn by Manchu people throughout China from the reign of the Qing Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1643-1661) until the time of the Kangxi Emperor, (r. 1661-1722).

## References
Hiʻiaka (moon)

)]]
**Hiʻiaka** is the larger of two moons that orbit the dwarf planet Haumea, which is further away from the Sun than Neptune is.

Hiʻiaka is named after a Hawaiian goddess.

## References
2021 Peru bus crash

On 12 April 2021, at around 7:00 am (local time) a bus of the company of “Fama Tours SA” crashed in an area with many mountains in the Pomabamba Province or Sihuas Province in the northern Ancash Region, Peru. The bus slipped and turned over. The bus was coming back from the areas of Huanchayllo and Parobamba District as it was heading to Lima. Further reasons for the crash have not yet been given. 18 people died at the location of the crash and another two people died on their way to the hospital. 14 people were injured.

## References
Robert, Count of Clermont

**Robert of Clermont** (1256 &#x2013; 7 February 1317) was a French *prince du sang* who was created Count of Clermont in 1268. In 1279, due to him suffering a head injury in his first jousting tournament, Robert became an invalid for the rest of his life. The elder line of the House of Bourbon was made up of the Dukes of Bourbon, and it became extinct in the male line in 1527. Meanwhile, the younger line of the House of Bourbon, the House of Bourbon-La Marche&ndash;later known as the House of Bourbon-Vendome, acquired the French throne in 1589 once the House of Valois became extinct in the male line.

## References
Destiny (1997 movie)

***Destiny*** (, translit.&nbsp;*al-Maṣīr*; ) is a 1997 Egyptian French drama movie directed by Youssef Chahine and starring Nour El-Sherif, Laila Eloui, Mahmoud Hemida, Safia El Emari, Mohamed Mounir, Khaled El Nabawy.

## Other websites
*
Pitch (resin)

**Pitch** is a type of polymer. It can be natural or man-made. It can be gotten from petroleum, coal tar, or plants. Pitch made from plants is also called resin. Some things that are made from plant resin are also known as rosin.

## Properties
Pitch is very viscous. It has a viscosity approximately 230 billion times that of water. An experiment was done by the University of Queensland. The experiment is called the pitch drop experiment. In the experiment, pitch was put in a glass funnel and allowed to slowly drip out. Since the pitch was allowed to start dripping in 1930, only nine drops have fallen. The eighth drop fell on 28 November 2000, and the ninth drop fell on 17 April 2014.

## Uses
Pitch was used to help caulk the seams of wooden sailing vessels. It was used to cover earthenware containers to preserve wine. Pitch may also be used to make wooden containers waterproof. It is also used in making torches that use fire.

It is used for polishing high-quality optical lenses and mirrors. Some types of pitch is used in making jewellery.

## References
Louis I, Duke of Bourbon

**Louis I, Duke of Bourbon** (*c.* 1270 &ndash; *c.* 1342) was a French prince, the son of Robert, Count of Clermont and Beatrice (Beatrix) of Bourbon and the grandson of Louis IX of France. The House of Bourbon is descended from him in the male line through his younger son Jacques I, Count of La Marche.

## Life
He took part in several military campaigns, including those at Courtrai (1302) and Mons-en-Pévèle (1304), and two times was put in charge of proposed crusades that never actually occurred. He became the Grand Chamberlain of France in 1310 and became the Duke of Bourbon in 1327 thanks to Charles IV of France. He had two sons, Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, and Jacques I, Count of La Marche, from whom the later French Kings from the House of Bourbon (starting from Henry IV of France in 1589) descend in the male line.

## References
E♭ (musical note)

**E♭** (**E-flat**; also called **mi bémol**) is the first note of the E♭ major scale.

## Well-known compositions in E-flat major
The prelude to Richard Wagner's *Das Rheingold* is a famous piece of drone music that begins with a low E flat and builds to more elaborate forms of the E flat major chord. It is used in this opera to portray the motion of the river Rhine.

## Designation by octave
### Common scales beginning on E
*E Major: E F G A B C D E
*E Natural Minor: E F G A B C D E
*E Harmonic Minor: E F G A B C D E
*E Melodic Minor Ascending: E F G A B C D E
*E Melodic Minor Descending: E D C B A G F E

## References
Yalkaparidontia

***Yalkaparidon*** is an extinct genus of Australian marsupials, first described in 1988 and known only from the Oligo-Miocene deposits of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia.

A detailed study on its morphology, including newly-referred tarsal material published in 2014 found that it was likely a crown group marsupial, and probably an australidelphian, but its unusual morphology made its precise placement uncertain.

## References
The Bus (video game)

***The Bus*** is a bus simulation game developed by TML-Studios and published by Aerosoft. The early access version was available via Steam for Microsoft Windows on 25 March 2021.

## Gameplay
*The Bus* is described as "the next generation of city bus driving simulation".  It is set in the capital city of Germany, Berlin, featuring a scale of 1:1 recreation of the city.

## References
## Other websites
*
Pomona (goddess)

**Pomona** was the Roman goddess of fruit trees, orchards, and harvests. Her name comes from the Latin word pomum, meaning "fruit."

## References
Operational transformation

In computer science, **operational transformation** is a technique in building collaborative software systems.

## System architecture
Collaboration systems using operational transformations typically use replicated document storage where each user has their own copy of the document. Users operate on their own local copies. Their changes are then pushed to the rest of the users. When a user receives the changes pushed from another user, they typically transform the changes before executing them.

## Basics
 The idea of operational transformation is to transform (or adjust) the variables of an editing operation according to the effects of previously executed operations so that the transformed operation can achieve the correct effect and maintain document consistency.

Operational transformation can be shown by using the example of a text editing scenario. Given a text document with a string "abc" replicated at two collaborating sites; and two concurrent operations:

# O1 = Insert[0, "x"] (to insert character "x" at position "0")
# O2 = Delete[2, "c"] (to delete the character "c" at position "2")

generated by two users at sites one and two, suppose the two operations are executed in the order of O1 and O2 (at site one). After executing O1, the document becomes "xabc". To execute O2 after O1, O2 must be transformed against O1 to become: O2' = Delete[3, "c"], whose position variable is incremented by one due to the insertion of one character "x" by O1. Executing O2' on "xabc" deletes the correct character "c" and the document becomes "xab". However, if O2 is executed without transformation, it incorrectly deletes character "b" rather than "c".

## Other websites
* Operational Transformation Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
J. Martin Hunter

**J. Martin Hunter** (1937 &ndash; 9 October 2021) was a British lawyer specializing in arbitration. He was an emeritus professor at Nottingham Trent University.

## Education 
Hunter attended The Pilgrims' School, Winchester, then the Shrewsbury School. He attended National Military Service, then studied at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He holds bachelor of arts (Law) from the University of Cambridge.

## Career 
Hunter was an articled clerk at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer. After studied at the College of Law, London, he became an associate at Freshfields and a partner. He also became a member of the International Bar Association in 1967.

## Death
Martin died on 9 October 2021 at the age of 84.

## References
Markiyan Malsky

**Markiyan Markiyanovych Malsky** (; born 11 December 1984) is a Ukrainian politician. He is a former Governor of Lviv Oblast (from 5 July till 26 December 2019).

## Education 
Malsky holds master's degree in International Economic Relations from the University of Lviv and Master of Law diplomas. He also studied at Stockholm University (Sweden) (LL.M. in international commercial arbitration, magna cum laude) and at the World Trade Institute (Bern, Switzerland) (Master of International Law and Economics, summa cum laude). In 2012, he received a PhD in Law from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He Obtained PhD hab. degree in Law in September 2020.

## Publications
* Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Ukraine - 2007, p.259;
* Adverse inference in WTO law and other dispute settlement fora - 2008, p.260;
* Arbitration Agreement. Theoretical and Practical Aspects - 2013, p. 374;
* International enforcement process. Theory and Practice - 2019, p.470.

## References
Hadiza Isma El-Rufai

**Hadiza Isma El-Rufai** (born June 21, 1960) is a Nigerian writer and wife to the current governor of Kaduna State, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai. 

## Education 
El-Rufai has a Bachelor's degree  and Master's degree in architecture. She also has a MBA from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. She also has a Masters in Creative Writing from Bath Spa University, England.

## References
Stephen M. Schwebel

**Stephen Myron Schwebel** (born March 10, 1929), is an American jurist, counsel and independent arbitrator. He serves as Judge of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal and as a member of the U.S. national group at the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

## References
Gilbert Guillaume

**Gilbert Guillaume** (born 4 December 1930) is a French jurist. He served as Judge of the International Court of Justice be and served as its president between. 

## Biography 
Guillaume was born in Bois-Colombes. He is member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. 

## References
Power Play

**Power Play** is a 2003 American action film directed by Joseph Zito. Some action scenes were filmed in the city of Curitiba, Brazil.

## Cast
* Dylan Walsh 
* Alison Eastwood 
* Tobin Bell 
* Brixton Karnes

## Sources
## Other websites
*
McStroke

"**McStroke**" is the 8th episode of *Family Guy*s 6th season. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on January 13, 2008. It was written by Wellesley Wild. Brian Iles is the  of the episode. The episode is about Peter Griffin having a stroke after eating too many hamburgers.

## Story 
Peter wants to get a mustache after reading a magazine about them. He gets one and thinks that he is a better person. He walks by a restaurant and sees it burning. A firefighter sees Peter's mustache and thinks he is also a firefighter. Peter goes in the restaurant and  the manager, but his mustache burns off. The manager gives him a big supply of burgers. Peter is sad that his mustache burned off, so he eats many burgers to feel better. He gets a stroke that paralyzes  of his body. He gets cured at a place for stem cell research. He ties to sue the restaurant, but he loses at a trial because he does not have any evidence. 

Peter and Brian go to the restaurant's headquarters. They take a  of the place to try to find evidence. They find a slaughterhouse with a talking cow in it. The cow talks about how the restaurant has harmed many other cows. Peter and Brian help the cow leave the headquarters while security guards run after them. The cow makes a public speech that makes the restaurant look bad.

Stewie makes a bet to Brian that he will be the most popular kid in a high school. He gets a teenage girlfriend and wins the bet. He tries to have sexual intercourse with his girlfriend, but she laughs at him for having a small penis. On the next day, Stewie gets bullied for his small penis. He gets his girlfriend arrested by telling people she is a pedophile.

## Production 
"McStroke" was written by Wellesley Wild and Brian Iles is the  of the episode. The episode was broadcast while Seth MacFarlane ( of *Family Guy*) was in the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike. MacFarlane worked on writing and voice acting before the strike. He did not help work on the episode after that. Ralph Garman, Max Burkholder, Lisa Wilhoit, Alex Breckenridge, Denis Martel, Ricardo Montalban, and Phil LaMarr are guest stars in the episode.

## Reception 
The episode was watched by about 11.50 million viewers when it was first broadcast.

Ashan Haque from IGN said that the episode was "much more entertaining" than a regular episode of *Family Guy*. Robert Pierson from The TV Critic thought that the jokes in the episode were "pretty good". Pierson said that the writing of the stories was bad, but not . Brad Trechak from TV Squad said that the episode had "really good ideas", but thought that the writing was not good. Trechak thought that the Writers Guild of America strike made the quality of the episode worse. The Parents Television Council called it the "Worst TV Show of the Week" because of the story with Stewie and his teenager girlfriend. Tom Eames from *Digital Spy* thought the episode "made strokes funny" and said it was "A  of an episode, but in a good way."

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Archezoa

**Archezoa** was a kingdom in taxonomy, which is the system that scientists use to put living things in groups. Thomas Cavalier-Smith said taxonomy should have a kingdom called Archezoa, which would contain some living things that have organelles in their cells. Scientists stopped using Archezoa after they learned more about those living things.

## References
Bedkot Municipality

**Bedkot Municipality** is a municipality in Kanchanpur District of Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal.

## Bedkot Municipality 
Suda village development committee is located in Mahendranagar, the district main office of Kanchanpur district in the Mahakali Zone under the Far Western Province of Nepal. The entire area falling within the total area of Daiji VDC is the proposed Bedkot municipality, 13 km from the district headquarters of Kanchanpur. It is a developing area up to the east, including Mahendra Highway and Jogbudha Dadeldhura Road. It is located on the east by Shuklaphata Wildlife Sanctuary, Arjuni Post (Jhalari Pipladi Municipality), on the west by Bhimdatta Municipality, on the north by Chure Range (Dadeldhura District) and on the south by Shuklaphanta Reserve.  

This N.P. Inside, educational development, drinking water, health, communication, agriculture, transport, and electricity as well as four regional offices related to agriculture are being developed and initiatives are also being taken in the industrial sector. The  Bedkot Lake, Vand Lake, Siddha Sarovar , Baidyanath Dham, Old Age Home, Shivalingakruti Bhamkeshwar Mahadev in the middle of the Chure range in the northern part of this municipality can be the main source of development if managed as a religious tourist area. 

## References 
* https://bedkotmun.gov.np/en
*https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23067975
* https://www.facebook.com/Bedkot-Municipality-Office-1500599623577035/
James I, Count of La Marche

**James I, Count of La Marche** (1319 – 6 April 1362) was a French prince, the younger son of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon and the younger brother of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon. He was killed in 1362 at the Battle of Brignais, during the Hundred Years' War between the House of Plantagenet (which ruled over England and parts of France) and the House of Valois (which ruled over most of France). He was the father of John I, Count of La Marche, who married Catherine of Vendome and together had a son named Louis, Count of Vendome. James is also the male-line ancestor of Henry IV of France, the first French King from the House of Bourbon.

## References
President of Uzbekistan

The **President of the Republic of Uzbekistan** () is the head of state and executive authority in Uzbekistan. The office of President was created in 1991, replacing the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR.

The president is directly elected for a term of five years, by citizens of Uzbekistan who have reached 18 years of age.

## List of presidents
## References
Persian pop

**P-pop** (abbreviation: **Persian pop**) or Iranian pop refers to a popular contemporary music in the Iran born from the Iranian genre. With its beginnings in the 1920s, P-pop is a growing genre. It stems from a broader genre, Indian pop.
Prime Minister of Uzbekistan

This is a list of **prime ministers of Uzbekistan** (), from the creation of the office in 1917 to the present day.

The current prime minister, Abdulla Aripov, assumed the office on 14 December 2016.
## List
Abdulhashim Mutalov

**Abdulxashim Mutalov** (born February 14, 1947) is an Uzbekistani politician. He was the 1st Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from January 1992 to December 1995.

## References
Abdulla Aripov

**Abdulla Nigmatovich Aripov** (, ; born 24 May 1961) is an Uzbekistani politician. He is the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, in office since 14 December 2016. Aripov is a member of the Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party. He was Deputy Prime Minister from 2002 to 2012 and again in 2016.

## References
Nigmatilla Yuldashev

**Nigmatilla Tulkinovich Yuldashev** (, *Nigʻmatilla Toʻlqinovich Yoʻldoshev*; ; born 5 November 1962) is an Uzbek lawyer and politician. He was Chairman of the Senate of Uzbekistan from 2015 until 2019. He was Minister of Justice from 2011 to 2015. In 2016, he was the acting President of Uzbekistan for a short time period.

## References
Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)

'''Jacques d'Amboise** (born **Joseph Jacques Ahearn'*, July 28, 1934 – May 2, 2021) was an American ballet dancer, choreographer, actor and educator. He began working for the New York City Ballet in 1949 and was named principal dancer in 1953. He also starred in *Seven Brides for Seven Brothers* and *Carousel''.

D'Amboise founded the National Dance Institute in 1976 to promote dance to children. He received the MacArthur Fellowship in 1990, the Kennedy Center Honors in 1995 and the National Medal of Arts in 1998.

D'Amboise died at his home in Manhattan on May 2, 2021 from problems caused by a stroke, at the age of 86.

## References
Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva

**Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva** (born July 3, 1978) is an Uzbek diplomat and philanthropist. She is the younger daughter of former Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov and his wife, Tatyana Akbarovna Karimova. Her older sister is Uzbek diplomat and business mogul Gulnara Karimova. From 2007 until 2018, she was the Permanent Representative of Uzbekistan to UNESCO.

## References
Gulnara Karimova

**Gulnara Islamovna Karimova** (Cyrillic Uzbek: ; , ; born 8 July 1972) is an Uzbekistani diplomat and the elder daughter of Islam Karimov, the leader of Uzbekistan from 1989 to his death in 2016. 

Karimova is the founder of the Forum of Culture and Arts of Uzbekistan Foundation. Many believed that she would have replaced her father as President of Uzbekistan, however, after 2013, Gulnara had conflict with her father, and she began to rapidly lose influence in Uzbekistan.

Karimova was placed under house arrest in Tashkent, Uzbekistan in November 2014 because of money laundering.

## References
President of Tajikistan

The **president of Tajikistan** is the head of state and the highest position within the Government of Tajikistan. The position of President was created in November 1990 while Tajikistan was still a Soviet Republic. The president of Tajikistan lives in the capital, Dushanbe.

## List
## Notes
## References
Rahmon Nabiyev

**Rahmon Nabiyevich Nabiyev** (, alternative spelling **Rakhmon Nabiev**; 5 October 1930 – 11 April 1993) is the Tajik politician. He was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1982 to 1985 and twice as the 2nd President of Tajikistan from 23 September 1991 to 6 October 1991 and from 2 December 1991 to 7 September 1992.

## References
Prime Minister of Tajikistan

The **prime minister of Tajikistan** is the title held by the head of government of Tajikistan. After the president, the prime minister is second most powerful person of the country.

## List of prime ministers (since 1991)
Akbar Mirzoyev

**Akbar Mirzoyev** (born February 15, 1939) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tajikistan between January 9, 1992, and September 21, 1992.

## References
Romani people in Hungary

**Romani people in Hungary** (also known as **Hungarian Roma** or **Romani Hungarians** or **Hungarian Gypsy**;  or *magyar cigányok*) are Hungarian citizens who are of Romani descent. According to the 2011 census, they make up 3.18% of the total population in Hungary, which makes them the largest minority in the country, various estimations have put the number of Romani people as high as 12% of the total population.
## References
Romani people in Spain

About 725,000-750,000 Romani individuals live in Spain. They are concentrated in Andalusia, Catalonia, Valencia, and Madrid. They are 1.5% of Spain’s population. Flamenco is associated with Spanish Roma.
## References
Romani people in Romania

**Romani people in Romania** are Romanian citizens who are of Romani descent. The Roma are one of Romania's largest minorities. The Roma are the second largest ethnic group in Romania after Hungarians. According to the 2011 census, 621,573 Roma lived in Romania. They constitute 3.08% of the total Romanian population. The Turkish speaking Muslim Xoraxane Roma, lives in Dobruja and made 1,8% of the population.
The size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania is even more, with different estimates varying from 4.6 percent to over 10 percent of the population, because many people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Roma.
For example, in 2007 the Council of Europe estimated that approximately 1.85 million Roma lived in Romania, based on an average between the lowest estimate (1.2 to 2.2 million people) and the highest estimate (1.8 to 2.5 million people) with a maximum percentage of 12%, available at the time; the highest estimate, generated for the year 1991 and originating from a Securitate report, is considered unreliable, and Romanian post-communist censuses have consistently produced far lower figures. This figure is equivalent to 8.32% of the population. On the other hand, less than half are native speakers of the Romani language.

## References
Jamshed Karimov

**Jamshid Khilolovich Karimov** (Tajik: Ҷамшед Хилолович Каримов, ; born August 4, 1940) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tajikistan between December 2, 1994 and February 8, 1996. He is a cousin of former President of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov. 

From June 20, 1997 to 2002 he was Tajik Ambassador to China. He was born in Dushanbe.

## References
Romani people in Canada

The **Romani people in Canada** are citizens of Canada who are of Romani descent. According to the 2011 Census there were 5,255 Canadians who claimed Romani (Gypsy) ancestry.
## References
Oqil Oqilov

**Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov** (, *Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov*; ; born 2 February 1944) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tajikistan from 20 December 1999 to 23 November 2013. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan.

## Other websites
*AKILOV, Akil Gaibullayevich International Who's Who, accessed September 3, 2006.
Shavkat Mirziyoyev

**Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev** (Uzbek Latin: *Shavkat Miromonovich (Miromon o‘g‘li) Mirziyoyev*, Uzbek Cyrillic: *Шавкат Миромонович (Миромон ўғли) Мирзиёев*; born 24 July 1957) is an Uzbek politician. He has been the President of Uzbekistan and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan since 2016.

Following the death of President Islam Karimov, he was appointed by the Supreme Assembly as interim president of Uzbekistan on 8 September 2016. In October 2021, Shavkat Mirziyoyev was re-elected President of Uzbekistan.

## References
Rulers of ancient Manipur before Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa

There is a well established chronology of the reigns of rulers in Ancient Manipur (Ancient Kangleipak) before the reign of Emperor Nongda Lairen Pakhangba () of the Ningthouja dynasty, that is before 33 AD. 

According to the ancient sources, Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa fought fierce battles against the Khaba-Nganba dynasty to win over the sacred city of Kangla in Ancient Manipur.

## First ten rulers
There is a genealogy of ten successive foremost rulers in ancient Manipur kingdom.

## Achievements and Development
### Invention of Polo
The present day game polo was originally developed from the traditional Sagol Kangjei game, which was invented by King Ningthou Kangba (1405 BC- 1359 BC).
### Invention of calendar
During the reign of Maliyapham Palcha (aka. Mariyafambalcha) (1359 BC- 1329 BC), the present day Meitei calendar was invented and developed in a systematic way for public usage.
### Civilizational upgradations
During the reign of Poireiton, a semi-historical and semi-mythical ruler, there were much advancements in the civilization.
* The invention of the knowledge of the systematic usage of fire and fireworks. 
* The presently known Chakhao paddy plant (aromatic black rice) was first cultivated in the plains of Manipur (Kangleipak) kingdom.

## References
Kokhir Rasulzoda

**Abduqohir Abdurasulovich Nazirov** (; born 8 March 1959) is a Tajik politician who is serving as the Prime Minister of Tajikistan since 23 November 2013. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan.

## References
Romeoville, Illinois

**Romeoville** is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. The village is located  southwest of Chicago and is a Chicago suburb. The population was 39,863 in 2020.

## References
Pitch Lake

The **Pitch Lake** is the largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world. It is estimated to contain 10 million tons of asphalt. It can be found in La Brea in southwest Trinidad, inside the Siparia Regional Corporation. The lake covers about 100 acres (0,405 square kilometres). The lake is 250 feet (76,2 metres) deep.

## History
The Pitch Lake has been very interesting to explorers and scientists. It was re-discovered by Sir Walter Raleigh in his expedition there in 1595. Raleigh himself used the asphalt to caulk his ship. The native Amerindians told Raleigh where he can find the lake. The native Amerindians had their own story about where the lake came from. The story goes that the people living there were celebrating a victory over a rival tribe when they got carried away in their celebration. They then cooked and ate the sacred hummingbird which they believed possessed the souls of their ancestors. According to legend, their winged God punished them by opening the earth and calling the pitch lake to swallow the entire village. So, the lake became a reminder of their sins. The local villages believe this legend because found many Amerindian artifacts and a skull that have been discovered and preserved, in the pitch.

In 1887, Amzi Barber, an American businessman known as "The Asphalt King", got a 42-year monopoly concession from the British Government for the Pitch Lake for his company, Barber Asphalt Paving Co. It was from the Pitch Lake that many of the first asphalt roads of New York City, Washington D.C., and other Eastern U.S. cities were paved.

## References
U.S. economic performance under Democratic and Republican presidents

Historically, the United States economy did better on average when Democrats were US President than when Republicans were US President. This was certainly true over the last several decades. The reasons for this are uncertain and debated. Ten of the 11 US recessions between 1953 and 2020 began under Republican US Presidents.  
Journalist Glenn Kessler of *The Washington Post* summarized the total job creation by US President. For the 13 US Presidents starting from Harry Truman, total job creation was about 70.5 million for the 7 Democratic US Presidents and 29.1 million for the 6 Republican US Presidents. The Democratic US Presidents were in office for a total of 429 months, with 164,000 jobs per month added on average, while the Republican US Presidents were in office for 475 months, with a 61,000 jobs added per month average.  This monthly average rate was 2.4 times faster under Democratic US Presidents.

Former President Bill Clinton said in 2012 that since 1961, Democratic US Presidents produced 42 million jobs in 24 years while Republicans produced 24 million jobs in 28 years.]]

GDP is a measure of both economic production and income. *The Economist* reported in August 2014 that real (inflation-adjusted) GDP growth was about 1.8% greater under Democratic US Presidents, from Truman up to Obama's first term, which ended in January 2013.

## Unemployment rates
Blinder and Watson found that the US unemployment rate fell under Democratic Presidents by an average of 0.8%, while it increased under Republican Presidents by an average of 1.1%. (Soergel's statement here is slightly wrong since the US unemployment rate was exactly the same&ndash;at 7.5%&ndash;at both the start and the end of Democrat Jimmy Carter's Presidency.)
#February 2020 (Trump / R)
#December 2007 (Bush 43 / R)
#March 2001 (Bush 43 / R)
#July 1990 (Bush 41 / R)
#July 1981 (Reagan / R)
#January 1980 (Carter / D)
#November 1973 (Nixon / R)
#December 1969 (Nixon / R)
#April 1960 (Eisenhower / R)
#August 1957 (Eisenhower / R)
#July 1953 (Eisenhower / R)
#November 1948 (Truman / D)

Blinder and Watson calculated that the US economy was in recession for 49 quarters from 1949-2013; 8 of these quarters were under Democratic US Presidents and 41 of these quarters were under Republican US Presidents.

Journalist David Leonhardt wrote in the New York Times that economists he interviewed were unsure about the causes of the better economic performance under Democratic US Presidents.

## Statistics
The table below compares various economic data for Democratic and Republican US Presidents, using the Blinder & Watson data (typically Truman's elected term through Obama's first term). 

## References
Carver Mead

**Carver Andress Mead** (born May 1, 1934) is an American scientist and engineer. He currently holds the position of Gordon and Betty Moore Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Applied Science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He taught there for over 40 years. He is known for his works with Lynn Conway.

## References
Ann Bannon

**Ann Weldy** (born September 15, 1932), better known by her pen name **Ann Bannon**, is an American author. She is known for writing six lesbian pulp fiction novels known as *The Beebo Brinker Chronicles*. The books talked about lesbian identity and she became known as the "Queen of Lesbian Pulp Fiction". 

## References
Nikita Mikhalkov

**Nikita Sergeyevich Mikhalkov** (; born 21 October 1945) is a Russian filmmaker, actor, and head of the Russian Cinematographers' Union. He was nominated for the Academy Award (1993) for the movie *Close to Eden*. He won an Academy Award (1995) for Best Foreign Language Film and the Grand Prix of the Cannes Film Festival (1994) for the movie *Burnt by the Sun*. His brother is filmmaker Andrei Konchalovsky. His father was writer Sergey Mikhalkov.

In 1996, he was the head of the jury at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.

Mikhalkov is a strong supporter of President Vladimir Putin. In December 2022, the European Union sanctioned Mikhalkov in relation to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In January 2023, Ukraine sanctioned Mikhalkov for his support of Russian invasion.

## Awards 
* 2008: Nagrada Braca Karic

## References
Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara

***Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara*** (; ) is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language buddy road comedy drama movie directed by Zoya Akhtar and produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani of Excel Entertainment. The movie features an ensemble cast consisting of Hrithik Roshan, Abhay Deol, Farhan Akhtar, Katrina Kaif, and Kalki Koechlin. It was filmed in Spain, India, Egypt, and the United Kingdom on a budget of . The music and score were composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy with lyrics by Javed Akhtar.

*Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara* was worldwide released in 1,800 screens on July 15, 2011. It was a critical and commercial success that grossed  and received critical acclaim for its performances, story, music, humour, and direction. After its theatrical run, the movie was nominated for and won several awards, including two National Film Awards.

## Cast 
* Hrithik Roshan as Arjun Saluja
* Abhay Deol as Kabir Dewan
* Farhan Akhtar as Imran Qureshi
* Katrina Kaif as Laila
* Kalki Koechlin as Natasha Arora
* Ariadna Cabrol as Nuria
* Naseeruddin Shah as Salman Habib
* Suhel Seth as Mr. Arora

## References
The Flash (movie)

***The Flash*** is an American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is produced by DC Films, The Disco Factory, and Double Dream, and set for distribution by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is set in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).

## Background
The movie is directed by Andy Muschietti from a screenplay by Christina Hodson. It stars Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash alongside Ben Affleck, Michael Keaton, Sasha Calle, Kiersey Clemons, Maribel Verdú, and Ron Livingston. In *The Flash*, Allen travels back in time to prevent his mother's murder, which causes many problems.

The movie is inspired by the comic book storyline *Flashpoint*, featuring multiple DC Comics characters including Affleck and Keaton as different versions of Batman.

*The Flash* was released in the United States on June 23, 2023.

## Cast 
* Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash:A police forensic investigator from Central City and member of the Justice League who can move at superhuman speeds using the Speed Force.
* Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman:A wealthy socialite from Gotham City, leader of the Justice League, and owner of Wayne Enterprises who became the vigilante known as Batman following his parents' murder.
* Michael Keaton as Bruce Wayne / Batman:An older version of Wayne from an alternative universe. Keaton reprises his role from *Batman* (1989) and *Batman Returns* (1992).
* Sasha Calle as Supergirl: A powerful Kryptonian with similar powers, abilities, and costume to Superman.
* Kiersey Clemons as Iris West: A journalist for the *Picture News* and love interest of Barry Allen.
* Michael Shannon as General Zod: A Kryptonian general who possesses the same powers as Superman, and was previously killed by the latter. Shannon reprises his role from *Man of Steel*.
* Antje Traue as Faora-Ul: General Zod's sub-commander, who was sent to the Phantom Zone years prior. Traue reprises her role from *Man of Steel*.
* Maribel Verdú as Nora Allen: Barry's mother who was murdered in his youth. Her husband Henry was blamed for her death.
* Ron Livingston as Henry Allen: Barry's father, who was wrongfully convicted for the murder of his wife. Livingston replaces Billy Crudup, who played the character in other DCEU movies.

Additionally, Saoirse-Monica Jackson and Rudy Mancuso have been cast in undisclosed roles. Temuera Morrison, who plays Aquaman's father Thomas Curry will also appear in the movie.

## References
Farhan Akhtar

**Farhan Akhtar** (born 9 January 1974) is an Indian actor, director, screenwriter, playback singer, producer, and television host who works in Hindi films. Born in Mumbai to screenwriters Javed Akhtar and Honey Irani, he grew up under the influence of the Hindi film industry. He began his career in Bollywood by working as an assistant director in *Lamhe* (1991) and *Himalay Putra* (1997).

Akhtar directed his first film, *Dil Chahta Hai* (2001) and received critical acclaim for portraying modern youth in the film, which won the National Award for Best Hindi Film the next year. Following this success, he directed the cult war film *Lakshya* (2004) and had his Hollywood debut through the soundtrack of *Bride and Prejudice* (2004), for which he and sister Zoya Akhtar served as lyricists. Next came the commercial successful *Don* (2006), his third directorial venture, post which he directed a short film titled *Positive* (2007) to spread awareness on HIV-AIDS.

Although he initially started his acting career with a delayed release in the Anand Surapur-directed drama *The Fakir of Venice*, Akhtar made his official screen debut with *Rock On!!* (2008) for which he won a second National Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi as producer, and indulged in further experimentation with Zoya's directorial debut *Luck By Chance* (2009) and the Vijay Lalwani-directed *Karthik Calling Karthik* (2010), before he wrote the dialogues and served as producer for the critical and commercial success *Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara* (2011) starring him in a leading role, which won him 4 Filmfare Awards, including Best Supporting Actor. The same year, after directing a sequel to *Don* titled *Don 2* (2011), which remains his highest-grossing film till date, he achieved further success by portraying Milkha Singh in the 2013 film *Bhaag Milkha Bhaag*, earning him the Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Later, he received praise for starring in Zoya's ensemble comedy-drama *Dil Dhadakne Do* (2015) and Bejoy Nambiar's crime thriller *Wazir* (2016).

## References
Supergirl

**Supergirl** is the name of several fictional superheroine characters appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The original and most well-known Supergirl is **Kara Zor-El**, also known as the cousin of the superhero Superman. 

The character made her first appearance in *Action Comics* #252 (May 1959) and was created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino. More *Supergirl* comic books were made in 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.

## In other media 
The character has been played by actress Helen Slater in *Supergirl* (1984), and by Laura Vandervoort in the TV series *Smallville* (2001-2011). In 2015, the live-action Arrowverse series *Supergirl* debuted on CBS and then moved to The CW after the first season and is played by Melissa Benoist. Sasha Calle appears as Supergirl in the DC Extended Universe movie *The Flash* (2023). The character is portrayed by Milly Alcock in the DC Universe (DCU) franchise

## References