open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
River Fal

The **River Fal** flows through Cornwall, United Kingdom, rising on the Goss Moor (between St. Columb and St Austell) and reaching the English Channel at Falmouth. The River Fal separates the Roseland Peninsula from the rest of Cornwall. The Fal estuary is a classic ria, or drowned river valley, caused by rising sea levels. The main tributary of the Fal is the River Truro. The estuary of the River Fal is called Carrick Roads.

The origin and meaning of the name of the river are unknown. The earliest occurrences of the name are in documents of 969 and 1049 AD. Falmouth, a town which was known by another name until the 17th century, is named after the River Fal.

## Geography
The catchment of the Fal is predominantly Devonian slates, shales and grits, with granite in the upper reaches. Land use is mainly agricultural with some woodland.

Tributaries of the River Fal include the River Truro, River Kennal, River Penryn and River Carnon. Several tidal creeks discharge into the River Fal including Mylor Creek, Pill Creek, Penpol Creek and Restronguet Creek.

The river is crossed by the historic and scenic King Harry Ferry, a vehicular chain ferry that links the villages of Feock and Philleigh.

## References
The King's Speech

'''''The King's Speech''''' is a 2010 British historical drama movie. It is set in the 1930s. It was directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler.

Colin Firth plays King George VI who, to overcome his stammer, sees Lionel Logue. Logue is an Australian speech therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The two men become friends as they work together. After his brother, Edward VIII, abdicates, the new king relies on Logue to help him make a radio broadcast at the beginning of World War II.

## References
## Other websites
*
Les Montets

**Les Montets** is a municipality in the west part of the canton Fribourg. It is made of 4 towns: Montet, Frasses, Granges-de-Vesin and Aumont.

## Other websites
Stutton, Suffolk

**Stutton** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 786 people living in Stutton.

## References
Stewart, British Columbia

**Stewart** is a small Canadian town in British Columbia, Canada. The population of Stewart at the 2021 census was 517. The town originally had a population of around 10,000 people before to World War I, it then declined to about 700 people in 2000. As of 2005, its population had declined to less than 500 people. The town was named Stewart by Robert M. Stewart in 1905. Nearby is the town of Hyder in the United States state of Alaska.

## Other websites
*Information on the Town of Stewart
Crush (drink)

**Crush** is a soft drink made by the Dr Pepper Snapple Group.
## History
Crush was founded in 1911 with Clayton Howell and Neil Ward when they began working together on the project. After many attempts, Ward had made the process of mixing the ingredients to make the all-natural taste of Orange Crush. Howell had already made his own drink, Howell’s Orange Julep, as soft drinks usually were named after the maker and the drink name. In this case, Crush was released under the name '''Ward's Orange Crush'''. In fact, the company who made Orange Crush drink added orange pulp to the drink to make drinkers think that it was made from fresh squeezed oranges. However, pulp has not been in the drink for the past few decades.

In 1980, Crush was sold to Procter & Gamble. Then in 1989, Cadbury Schweppes bought Crush from Procter & Gamble. Cadbury then made their drink business and called it Dr Pepper Snapple Group.

## References
Garnet Exelby

**John Garnet Exelby** (born August 16, 1981 in Craik, Saskatchewan) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman that played for the Providence Bruins of the AHL. 

He has also played in the WHL for 4 seasons; 3 for the Saskatoon Blades and 1 for the Regina Pats. He was drafted by the Atlanta Thrashers with the 217th pick in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Thrashers midway through the 2002-03 NHL season. He played 6 seasons with the Thrashers before being traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs along with Colin Stuart on July 1, 2009 for Pavel Kubina and the rights to Tim Stapleton. He became a free agent on July 1, 2010. He was signed by the Chicago Blackhawks on November 26, 2010 and he was assigned to their AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. On July 5, 2011, he was signed by the Detroit Red Wings and was assigned to their AHL affiliate, Grand Rapids Griffins. The Boston Bruins signed Exelby as a free agent to a one-year, two-way contract on July 11, 2012.

He was born in Craik, Saskatchewan but grew up in Ste. Anne, Manitoba.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Jimmy Yancey

**James Edwards "Jimmy" Yancey** (February 20, 1898 - September 17, 1951) was an American pianist who was famous for his boogie woogie playing.

## Biography
Yancey was born in Chicago in 1895 or 1898. His older brother Alonzo Yancey  was also  a pianist ; their father was a guitarist.  Yancey started his career as a singer in traveling shows. He was a well known pianist by 1915, and influenced younger musicians, such as Meade Lux Lewis and Albert Ammons.

Most of his records were solo piano, but later  in his career he also recorded with vocals by his wife, Estelle Yancey, under the name 'Jimmy and Mama Yancey'. They recorded the first album which was ever recorded by the famous label Atlantic Records.
Throughout his life, Yancey kept a job as groundskeeper for the Chicago White Sox.

Yancey died of a stroke  in Chicago on September 17, 1951. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986.

## Other websites 
* [ Jimmy Yancey] at Allmusic
* Jimmy Yancey  at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Mother Mother

**Mother Mother** is a Canadian indie rock band from Quadra Island, British Columbia. Mother Mother has five members in the band; the current band members are Ryan Guldemond, Molly Guldemond, Ali Siadat, Jeremy Page and Jasmin Parkin. The band formed in January 2005. They released their third album, *Eureka*, on March 15th, 2011. They also released their 4th studio album, “The Sticks” on September 8th of 2012.

## Discography 
### Albums
As of 2024, Mother Mother has released 10 albums:

**Touch Up* (2007)
**O My Heart* (2008)
**Eureka* (2011)
*The Sticks (2012)
*Very Good Bad Thing (2014)
*No Culture (2017)
*Dance and Cry (2018)
*Inside (2021)
*Grief Chapter (2024)
*DEMMOS (2024)

### Singles
**The Stand* (2011)
*So Down (2018)
*Get Up (2018)
*''Baby Don't Dance'' (2011)
*Stay Behind (2021)
*I Got Love (2021)
*Hayloft II (SMASHUP) (2022)
*Dirty Devil Town (2024)
*Make Believe (2025)

## Other websites 
*Mother Mother's Official website
Belfort

**Belfort** is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Territoire de Belfort in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

The Lion of Belfort lies at the bottom of the citadel and is a symbol of the city's resistance during the Franco-Prussian War.
Communes of the Territoire de Belfort department

The following is a list of the 102 '*communes of the Territoire de Belfort *département''''', in France.

*(CAB) Communauté d'agglomération de l'agglomération Belfortaine, created in 2000.
Breage

**Breage** is a parish and village in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. The village is three miles (5&nbsp;km) west of Helston and has a population of 2,375. Other settlements in the parish include the villages of **Ashton**, **Carleen**, Godolphin Cross, and the coastal village of Praa Sands. Breage is named after Saint Breage or Breaca, a missionary from Ireland (to whom the 15th century church is dedicated).

## Geography
The geological formation known as the Tregonning-Godolphin Granite underlies the parish and the area was formerly an important source of tin and copper ore. Other than Praa Sands, the villages in the parish were tin and copper mining villages. Most of today's working population are commuters, travelling to nearby towns or to RNAS Culdrose.

## Parish Church
The church was built of granite in the 15th century: on the north wall are five medieval wall paintings. A Roman milestone of the 3rd century is preserved in the church and in the churchyard there is an unusual Hiberno-Saxon cross head.

## References
Wintersleep

**Wintersleep** is a Canadian indie rock band from Halifax, Nova Scotia. Wintersleep has five members in the band; the current band members are Paul Murphy, Mike Bigelow, Loel Campbell, Tim D'eon and Jon Samuel. The band formed in 2001. They won a Juno Award for *New Group of the Year* in 2008.

## Band members 
;Current
*Loel Campbell – drums, guitar (2001–present)
*Mike Bigelow – keyboards (2005–2006), bass guitar (2007–April 2011)
*Paul Murphy – guitar, vocals (2001–present)
*Tim D'Eon – guitar, keyboards (2001–present)
*Jon Samuel – keyboards, backing vocals, guitar (2006–present)

;Former
*Jud Haynes – bass guitar (2002 to 2007)

## Discography 
### Albums
So far as of 2011, Wintersleep has released 4 albums:

**Wintersleep* (2003)
**untitled* (2005)
**Welcome to the Night Sky* (2007)
**New Inheritors* (2010)

### Singles
**Weighty Ghost* (2007)
**Trace Decay* (2010)

## Other websites 
*Wintersleep's Official website
Blouson

n Police blouson.]]

## Overview
A **blouson** is a coat that is drawn tight at the waist, causing it to hang over the waist. Some of them have a hood. Its modern form is taken from the American flight jacket and police blouson. It is similar to the American Eisenhower jacket. It is now thought of as both sportswear and casual clothing.

In the 1970s it was a skinhead and popular pink jacket style. In 1993, blousons was worn as the clothing of choice at the APEC meeting held in Seattle, Washington in the United States. In the early 2000s, the jacket was popular casual wear in hip hop fashion.

The blouson jacket is worn by several police forces due to its sturdy design and heavy insulation. The United States' NYPD, Austria, New Zealand, Germany and the United Kingdom all use them.

## Pictures

File:Israel 4 021.Israelic Soldier.jpg|An Israeli Border Police soldier in a fir colared blouson.
File:Gendarmerie blouson dunkelblau.jpg|A Austrian Gendarmerie blouson.
File:Bomber jacket.jpg|A modern fashionable blouson/bomber jacket.
File:Blouson custom.jpg|A punk style Blouson.
File:Zollmuseum HH Dienstkleidung Bundeszollverwaltung.jpg|A Hamburg Police blouson

## Multi media
A French person saying "Blouson".

## Related pages
* Anorak
* Blazer
* Bomber jacket
* Harrington jacket
* Flight jacket
* Ski jacket
* Sport coat

## References
Dress boot

**Dress boots** are short leather boots worn by men. They are built like dress shoes, but with uppers covering the ankle. Dress boots are used instead of shoes in bad weather or rough outdoor situation, and as a traditional option for day time formalwear.

## References
Lifford

**Lifford** (Irish: Leifear) is the county town of County Donegal, part of the Province of Ulster in Ireland. It is the administrative capital of the County and the seat of Donegal County Council. Lifford is in the Finn Valley area of East Donegal where the River Finn meets the River Mourne to create the River Foyle. 

The town grew up around a castle established there by Manus O'Donnell in the 16th century, and later became a British Army garrison town until most of Ireland won independence as a dominion in 1922. It is opposite Strabane in Northern Ireland on the other bank of the Foyle and is connected to that town by Lifford Bridge.
St Just in Penwith

**St Just in Penwith** (or **St Just**) is a town and parish in the far west of Cornwall, United Kingdom. The parish includes the town of St Just and the nearby settlements of Trewellard, Pendeen and Kelynack: it is bounded by the parishes of Morvah to the north-east, Sancreed and Madron to the east, St Buryan and Sennen to the south and by the sea in the west. The town of St Just is the most westerly town in mainland Britain and is about eight miles (12.7&nbsp;km) west of Penzance along the A3071 road. St Just parish has a population of 4690. The parish church is a fine 15th century building. 

## Mining
St Just is one of the most ancient mining districts in Cornwall and remains of ancient pre-industrial and more modern mining activity have had a considerable impact on the nearby landscape. The area was during the 19th century one of the most important mining districts in Cornwall both for copper and tin.  Mines within the area included Levant Mine, Botallack, and Geevor Tin Mine (which closed in 1990) It was announced in July 2006 that the St Just mining district and the rest of the historic mining areas of Cornwall had become the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site.

## References
## Gallery 

File:The Brisons in storm St Just Cornwall.jpg|The Brisons in storm St Just Cornwall
File:Bollowal Barrow St Just Cornwall.jpg|Bollowal Barrow St Just Cornwall
File:Bollowal Barrow St Just Cornwall 2.jpg|Rocks Bollowal Barrow St Just Cornwall
File:Bollowal Barrow St Just Cornwall 3.jpg|Beautiful Formation Bollowal Barrow St Just Cornwall
Seckington

**Seckington** is a village and civil parish in North Warwickshire, Warwickshire, England. Seckington has a church called Church of All Saints.

## References
Quad City Flames

The **Quad City Flames** were a professional ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey League from 2007 to 2009. They played in Moline, Illinois at the i wireless Center. They were the farm team of the Calgary Flames. They moved to the Quad Cities on May 24, 2007 from Omaha, Nebraska where they were known as the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights. They moved operation to Abbotsford, British Columbia where they became the Abbotsford Heat.

## References
## Other websites
*An archive of the Quad City Flames' Official Site
Évry, Essonne

**Évry** was a former commune in the Essonne department in France. On 1 January 2019, it became part of the new commune, Évry-Courcouronnes.

The university ''École nationale supérieure d'informatique pour l'industrie et l'entreprise'' and le business school Institut Mines-Télécom Business School are in the city.

## References
Communes of the Hauts-de-Seine department

The following is a list of the 36 '*communes of the Hauts-de-Seine *département''''', in France.

* (CAA) Communauté d'agglomération des Hauts de Bièvre, created in 2003, also partly in the Essonne *département*.
* (CAI) Communauté d'agglomération Arc de Seine, created in 2003.
* (CAB) Communauté d'agglomération du Val de Seine, created in 2004.
Rhytidectomy

A **rhytidectomy** (commonly called a **facelift**) is a type of cosmetic surgery procedure used to make a person's face look younger. Rhytidectomy usually involves the removal of excess facial skin, which cause wrinkles, and the redraping of the skin on the patient's face and neck. The tightening of underlying tissues of the face is optional. Nearly 112,955 face lift procedures were performed in the United States in the year 2010 alone according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* Medical publication on rhytidectomy
Pulp (fruit)

that has been opened to show its pulp.]]

The **pulp** of a citrus fruit is the stringy content of the fruit’s endocarp. The pulp contains the juice of the fruit. The pulp is usually removed from fruit juice by filtering it out. 

The color of the pulp can change, depending on the species and the ripening stage. A lot of times it has the color of the fruit's peel.

The juiciness of the pulp depends on the species, variety, season, and even the tree on which it grew.

## Related pages
*Juice
Albert Ammons

**Albert Clifton Ammons** (March 1, 1907 – December 2, 1949) was an important American blues and boogie-woogie pianist.
## Life
Ammons was the son of a couple which both played piano. So he started at the age of ten with piano lessons. After the First World War, he became interested in blues. He was influenced by Hersal Thomas and Jimmy Yancey. At the beginning of the 1920s, he worked as taxi driver where he met another pianist, Meade Lux Lewis. They formed a team and played at clubs and parties.

In 1934, he formed his own band, Albert Ammons's Rhythm Kings. Their version of Swanee River Boogie sold over a million copies. Later he went to New York City where he teamed with another pianist, Pete Johnson. They often played at the Café Society. Sometimes they were joined by Meade Lux Lewis. But they also played there with famous jazz musicians like Benny Goodman or Harry James.

On December 23, 1938, Ammons, Lewis and Johnson played at the *From Spirituals to Swing* concert. This concert was the start of the public interest in boogie-woogie. One visitor was record producer Alfred Lion who started two weeks later Blue Note Records with recordings of Ammons and Johnson, nine Ammons solos including "The Blues" and "Boogie Woogie Stomp", eight by Lewis and a pair of duets.

After the interest in boogie-woogie faded, Albert Ammons still had a lot of work. He went on tours as solo artist. Ammons played at President Harry S. Truman's inauguration in 1949. He died on December 2, 1949 in Chicago.

A lot of pianists like Dave Alexander, Dr. John, Hadda Brooks, Johnnie Johnson, Ray Bryant, Erroll Garner, Katie Webster, Axel Zwingenberger and Jörg Hegemann named Ammons as a main influence. Jörg Hegemann recorded a tribute album, *A Tribute To Albert Ammons*, celebrating his 100th birthday in 2007.
Cattistock

**Cattistock** is a village in west Dorset, England, in the upper reaches of the Frome Valley eight miles north west of Dorchester. The village has a population of 440 (2002).

The church was rebuilt in the 19th century, by architects Sir George Gilbert Scott and his son George Gilbert Scott Junior. The Perpendicular-styled tower was the work of the latter, and has led to the church being called the 'Cathedral of the Frome Valley'. 

## References
Omagh

**Omagh** ( or ;  –  ) is the county town of County Tyrone in Northern Ireland, situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen meet to form the Strule. The town, which is the largest in the county, had a population of 19,910 at the 2001 Census. Omagh also contains the headquarters of Omagh District Council and the Western Education and Library Board. The town is twinned with East Kilbride (Scotland) and L'Haÿ-les-Roses (France).

## History
In 1768, Omagh replaced Dungannon as the county town of County Tyrone. Omagh acquired railway links to Derry in 1852, Enniskillen in 1853 and Belfast in 1861. The St Lucia Barracks were built in 1881 and closed in 2007. The Ulster Transport Authority closed the Omagh-Enniskillen railway line in 1957 and the Portadown-Derry main line in 1965, leaving the town with no rail service. In 1998, 29 people were killed in a Real Irish Republican Army bombing.

## References
Kurt Russell

**Kurt Vogel Russell** (born March 17, 1951) is an American actor. He has been in a relationship with Goldie Hawn since 1983.

## Film 
## Television 
## Soundtrack appearances 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Lanhydrock

**Lanhydrock** is a parish centred on a country estate and mansion in Cornwall, United Kingdom. The parish lies south of the town of Bodmin and is bounded to the north by Bodmin parish, to the south by Lanlivery parish and to the west by Lanivet parish. The population was 171 in the 2001 census.

The parish is in the Diocese of Truro. The parish church is dedicated to St Hydrock and stands in the grounds of Lanhydrock House. Parts date back to the late 15th century and the church has a chancel, nave, north and south aisles and three-stage battlemented tower with one bell. Much of the present house dates back to Victorian times but some sections date from the 1620s. It is a Grade I listed building and is set in gardens with formal areas. The hill behind the house is planted with a fine selection of shrubs and trees.

In 1620 the rich merchant Sir Richard Robartes acquired the estate and began building Lanhydrock House, designed to a four-sided layout around a central courtyard. Robartes died in 1624 but work on the building was continued by his son John Robartes, 1st Earl of Radnor. During the 18th century the east wing of the house was demolished leaving the U-shaped plan seen today. In 1881 a major fire destroyed the south wing and caused much damage to the central section. Of the main house only the north wing, with its 29 metre Long Gallery, and the front porch building survived intact, though the original gatehouse also dates back to the mid 17th century.

## References
Communes of the Seine-Saint-Denis department

The following is a list of the 40 **communes in the Seine-Saint-Denis department** in France.

(CAB) Communauté d'agglomération de Aéroport du Bourget, created in 2010.
(CAC) Communauté d'agglomération de Clichy-sous-Bois-Montfermeil, created in 2001.
(CAS) Communauté d'agglomération Plaine Commune, created in 2001.
Common kestrel

The **common kestrel** (*Falco tinnunculus*) is a bird of prey species belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family Falconidae. It is also known as the 'European kestrel', 'Eurasian kestrel', or 'Old World kestrel'. The bird lives all over Europe, Asia, and Africa.

In Britain, where no other brown falcon occurs, it is generally just called 'the kestrel'.

## Description 
Kestrels are 32–39&nbsp;cm (13–15&nbsp;in) from head to tail. Their wings are 65–82&nbsp;cm (26–32&nbsp;in) when spread out. Females are larger. They are small compared with other birds of prey, but larger than most songbirds. Like the other *Falco* species, they have long wings and a long tail.

Their feathers are mainly light brown with black spots on the top and buff with narrow blackish streaks on the underside.

### Food and feeding 
When hunting, kestrels hover about 10–20&nbsp;m (c.30–70&nbsp;ft) above the ground. They can see the slightest movement. They can see small prey from a distance. Once they see the prey, the bird makes a short, steep dive. Kestrels eat almost any mouse-sized mammals like voles. They also eat shrews and true mice. Small birds are also eaten, mostly in the summer when young birds are born. The bird also eats spiders and beetles when it finds them.

## Footnotes 
## Other websites 
* 
* Kestrels in Israel
* Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
* Text of the Hopkins poem
* Kestrel on-line 2012: Brest, Belarus
Phoenix Cricket Club

**Phoenix Cricket Club** is a Dublin-based cricket club. It has five men's teams, one women's team several youth teams and a Tavern team in 2011.

## History
Phoenix Cricket Club was founded in 1830, by John Parnell, the father of Charles Stewart Parnell. It is the oldest cricket club in Ireland.

The club has been based in Dublin's Phoenix Park for nearly its entire history, apart from 1835–1853. During those years, Phoenix played their home games in fields near what is now the Grand Canal.

The Phoenix grounds have a pavilion, a square, full nets facilities, a bar, dressing room areas and car parking.

## Other websites 
*Phoenix Cricket Club official Web site 
* Irish cricket official web site
Citizens Bank Park

**Citizens Bank Park** is a Major League Baseball sporting venue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is the home of the Major League Baseball team called the Philadelphia Phillies. It opened on May 3rd, 2004 and the first game played there was on April 12th, when the Phillies lost to the Cincinnati Reds. It seats 42,792 people and replaced the now demolished Veterans Stadium. It is part of the South Philadelphia Sports Complex.

## References
Janko keyboard

The **Jankó keyboard** is a musical keyboard layout for a piano designed by Paul von Jankó in 1882.

It is a 6-plus-6-keyboard with six rows. So there is the same fingering in all scales and the thumb has its own rows for a better moving on the keyboard.  

For an 88 note (full size) keyboard, there would be 264 keys in total, with each note playable by 3 keys in vertical alignment. In the picture, the white keys have been coloured to show how the keys are interconnected.

Now the Jankó keyboard is used for an electronic keyboard, the Chromatone 312.

## Other websites 
* The Lippens Keyboard
* The Chromatone 312

* Daskin Uniform Keyboard
Equatorial Guinea at the Olympics

**Equatorial Guinea** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1984.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2025, no  from Equatorial Guinea has ever won an Olympic .  

The National Olympic Committee for Equatorial Guinea was formed in 1980 and  by the International Olympic Committee in 1984.

## References
*
Communes of the Val-de-Marne department

The following is a list of the 47 '*communes of the Val-de-Marne *département'''*, in France.

(CAS) *Communauté d'agglomération Haut Val de Marne*, created in 2001.
(CAN) *Communauté d'agglomération Nogent-Le Perreux*, created in 2000.
(CAC) *Communauté d'agglomération Plaine Centrale du Val de Marne*, created in 2001.
(CAV) *Communauté d'agglomération Val de Bièvre'', created in 2000.
Egypt at the Olympics

**Egypt** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1912.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Egypt is EGY.

## History
Egypt has sent  to most of the Summer Olympic Games since then.  Egypt did was not at the 1976 Summer Olympics because of the African .  Egypt was at the Winter Olympic Games with a single alpine skier in 1984.

Egyptian athletes have won a total of 24 .

The National Olympic Committee for Egypt was formed in 1910.

## Medalists
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Egypt profile at London2012.com
Eritrea at the Olympics

**Eritrea** (ERI) was first at the 2000 **Summer Olympic Games** in Sydney, Australia.  Four years later, four  from Eritrea were sent to the 2004 Games in Athens.  Zersenay Tadese won the country's first ever medal in the men's 10000 meters.

As of 2023, Eritrea has been in two Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Eritrea was formed in 1996.  They were  by the International Olympic Committee in 1999.

## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Eritrea profile at London2012.com
Gabon at the Olympics

**Gabon** has been in nine Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Gabon at Olympic.org
* Gabon profile at London2012.com 
* Gabon at Sports-Reference.com
Gambia at the Olympics

**Gambia** (GAM) has been to every Summer Olympic Games held since 1984.  The country has never won an Olympic .  No  from The Gambia have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Gambia was formed in 1972.  The International Olympic Committee  them in 1976.

## References
## Other websites
* Gambia profile at London2012.com
Ethiopia at the Olympics

**Ethiopia** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1956.  

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Ethiopia is ETH.

## History
There have been competitors from Ethiopia in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the 1976, 1984 and 1988 Games. Ethiopia was also in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time at the 2006 Games in Turin.

Ethiopian athletes have won a total of 45 , all in athletics.

The National Olympic Committee for Ethiopia is the Ethiopian Olympic Committee.  It was formed in 1948.

## Medalists
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Ethiopia profile at London2012.com
Guinea at the Olympics

**Guinea**  has been to every Summer Olympic Games since 1968 except for 1972 and 1976.  The country has never won an Olympic .  Guinea has never been in any Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee was formed in 1964 and  by the International Olympic Committee in 1965.

## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Guinea profile at London2012.com
Ghana at the Olympics

The first time that **Ghana** was at the **Olympic Games** was in 1952.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Ghana is GHA.

## History
Ghana was known by the colonial name of Gold Coast.  The nation has been in most Summer Olympic Games since then, missing the 1956 Summer Olympics,  the 1976 Games and the 1980 Summer Olympics.  Ghana was at the 2010 Winter Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Ghana was formed in 1952 and  by the International Olympic Committee that same year.

## List of medalists
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Ghana at Olympic.org
* Ghana profile at London2012.com
Guinea-Bissau at the Olympics

**Guinea-Bissau** has sent athletes to every Summer Olympic Games held since 1996, although the country has never won a .  No athletes from Guinea-Bissau have competed in any Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Guinea-Bissau was formed in 1992.  It was  by the International Olympic Committee in 1995.

## References
Common buzzard

The **common buzzard**  (*Buteo buteo*) is a bird of prey, very widespread in the Old World. It lives in most of Europe and into Asia. 

It is between 51 and 57&nbsp;cm in length. The wings are between 110–150&nbsp;cm (48–60&nbsp;inch) when spread out. They may be  coloured from almost pure white to black. Usually, they are brown.

Buzzards breed in woodlands. It hunts over open land. It eats mainly small prey, such as insects, rodents, small birds and eggs. It may also take prey heavier than itself, like adult grouse, and rabbits. It can be seen walking over recently ploughed fields looking for worms and insects.

Buzzards do not normally form flocks, but several may be seen together on migration or in a good habitat. Pairs mate for life.

Some 16 subspecies have been described and up to 11 may be valid. Some authors accept as few as seven.

## References
* Clouet, Michel and Wink, Michael (2000): The Buzzards of Cape Verde (*Buteo (buteo) bannermani*) and Socotra (*Buteo buteo* spp.) - First results of a genetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome *b* gene. *Alauda* **68**(1): 55-58. PDF fulltext
* Mullarney, Svensson, Zetterstrom and Grant, *Collins Bird Guide*
Communes of the Essonne department

The following is a list of the 196 '*communes of the Essonne *département''''', in France.

* (CAC) Communauté d'agglomération de Seine-Essonnes, created in 2003.
* (CAS) Communauté d'agglomération du plateau de Saclay, created in 2003.
* (CAO) Communauté d'agglomération du Val d'Orge, created in 2001.
* (CAY) Communauté d'agglomération du Val d'Yerres, created in 2003.
* (CAE) Communauté d'agglomération Évry Centre-Essonne, created in 2001.
* (CAD) Communauté d'agglomération Sénart Val de Seine, created in 2003.
* (CAD) Communauté d'agglomération Les Lacs de l'Essonne, created in 2004.
* (CAA) Communauté d'agglomération des Hauts de Bièvre, created in 2003, most of which is located in the Hauts-de-Seine *département*.
* (SANS) Syndicat d'agglomération nouvelle de Sénart en Essonne, created in 1984.
Lesotho at the Olympics

**Lesotho** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1972.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, but they  the 1976 Summer Olympics.  Lesotho has not been in the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2025, no athlete from Lesotho has won an Olympic .

The National Olympic Committee for Lesotho was formed in 1971. They were  by the International Olympic Committee in 1972.

## References
*
Liberia at the Olympics

**Liberia at the Olympics** is a history which began in 1956.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Liberia is LBR.

## History
Teams from Liberia has been to every Summer Olympic Games held since 1956, except for 1968, 1976 and 1992.  The country has never won an Olympic .  No athletes from Liberia have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Liberia was formed in 1954.  It was  by the International Olympic Committee in 1955.

## Summary
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References
Madagascar at the Olympics

**Madagascar at the Olympics** is a history which starts in the 1960s.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Madagascar was MAG. It is now MAD.

## History
Madagascar was first at the Olympic Games in 1964.  They have been to every game since except for 1976 and 1988. They have never won a . 2006 was the first time at the Winter Olympics.

## Olympic Medal Table (Summer)
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References
## Other websites 
* Madagascar profile at London2012.com
Mali at the Olympics

**Mali at the Olympics** is a history which started in the  1960s.  Since 1962, Mali has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Mali is MLI.

## History
Mali has taken part in the Summer Olympic Games held in 1964, 1972, and every Olympics since 1980.   The country has never won an Olympic .  No  from Mali have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Mali was formed in 1962 and  by the International Olympic Committee in 1963.

## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References
## Other websites 
* Mali profile at London2012.com
Mauritania at the Olympics

**Mauritania** (MTN) has been to every Summer Olympic Games held since 1984.  They have never won an Olympic .  No athletes from Mauritania have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee was formed in 1962 and  by the International Olympic Committee in 1979.

## References
Peer group

]]

A **peer group** is a group of people who are equal in some way.  Those in a peer group have the same status and are about the same age.  They often interact with the group as a whole. Members of a peer group often have similar interests and backgrounds.

## Developmental psychology
Developmental psychologists, Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, and Harry Stack Sullivan, argued that peer relationships are important in a person's development, and teach about equality, reciprocity, cooperation, and intimacy. Modern research also shows that social and emotional gains are indeed provided by peer interaction.

Judith Rich Harris, in *The Nurture Assumption,* argues that an individual's peer group significantly influences their intellectual and personal development. Several long-term studies also claim that peer groups improve school work.

## Related pages
*Peer pressure

## References
Georg Holtzendorff

**Georg Holtzendorff** was a 19th-century German landscape painter from Saxony. He moved to England because of the Franco-Prussian War.

Holtzendorff worked for the Royal Crown Derby Porcelain Company. He sketched the landscape of Derbyshire and these were used as designs for porcelain.

His main work was the decoration of the *Gladstone Dessert Service*, presented by the Liberal Working Men of Derby to Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone in 1883. Watercolour by Holtzendorff, with a view of Becket Street, Derby, with the Derby Museum and Art Gallery in the background, is the only remaining study on paper linked to the *Gladstone service*.

## References
Mauritius at the Olympics

**Mauritius** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1984.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games. Mauritius also supported the American-led  of the 1980 Summer Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Mauritius was formed in 1971 by Ram Ruhee, who remained its Secretary General until 2008. It was officially  by the International Olympic Committee in 1972.

## Medalists
### Summer Games
## References
*
Mozambique at the Olympics

Mozambique has been in 12 Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. 

The National Olympic Committee was formed in 1979 and  by the International Olympic Committee the same year.

## List of medalists
## Other websites
* IOC page
Morocco at the Olympics

**Morocco at the Olympics** is a history which began in 1959.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Morocco is MRC.

## History
A team from Morocco was first at the Olympic Games in 1960. They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the American-led  of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Morocco also boycotted the 1976 Games, withdrawing after having initially sent a delegation. Only one Moroccan representative had time to compete before his country's withdrawal: Abderahim Najim took part in the Men's Light Flyweight event in boxing, and lost his first and only match.

Morocco has been in the Winter Olympic Games four times since 1968, but not since 1992.

Moroccan  have won a total of twenty two , nineteen in athletics and three in boxing.

The National Olympic Committee for Morocco was formed in 1959.

## List of medalists 
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites
*
Namibia at the Olympics

**Namibia at the Olympics** is a history of which includes six games in six countries and 34 athletes.  Since 1991, sportsmen of  Namibia have taken part the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Namibia is NAM.

## History
The Namibian National Olympic Committee was formed in 1990 and  by the International Olympic Committee in 1991.

Teams from Namibia have  in every Summer Olympic Games since the 1990s.

Namibia has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

## List of medalists
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References
## Other websites
* Namibia profile at London2012.com
Niger at the Olympics

**Niger at the Olympics** is a history which began in 1964. 

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Niger was NGR. It is now NIG.

## History
Teams from Niger have been to all Summer Olympic Games held since 1964 except for 1976 and 1980.  No athletes from Niger have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

## Medalists 
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References
## Other websites
* Niger at Olympic.org
Nigeria at the Olympics

**Nigeria** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1952.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the  1976 Summer Olympics.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Nigeria was formed in 1951.

## Medalists
## References
*
Malawi at the Olympics

**Malawi** has been in twelve Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympics. Malawi ted the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics.

## Other websites
*Malawi . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com
*IOC page
Rwanda at the Olympics

Rwanda has been in seven Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Olympic Winter Games. 

Rwanda has never won an Olympic .  Jean de Dieu Nkundabera won a Paralympic bronze medal for Rwanda in wheelchair racing at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens.

## References
## Other websites
* Rwanda 
* IOC page
* Rwanda profile at London2012.com
São Tomé and Príncipe at the Olympics

São Tomé and Príncipe has been in four Summer Games. The first appearance was at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. They have never been in the Winter Games. The country has never won a . 

The National Olympic Committee for São Tomé and Príncipe was formed in 1979.  The International Olympic Committee  them in 1993.

## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* São Tomé and Príncipe profile at London2012.com 
*IOC page
Senegal at the Olympics

**Senegal at the Olympics** is a history which began in 1954.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Senegal was SGL.  It is now SEN.

## History
**Senegal** has been to all Summer Olympic Games held since 1964.  Unlike most surrounding nations, Senegal has never missed any Summer Olympics since its independence.

Senegal is among the small group of tropical countries that have been in the Winter Olympic Games.  Its winter athletes have been in four Winter Olympics since 1984

## List of medalists
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References
## Other websites
* Senegal at Olympic.org
* Senegal profile at London2012.com
Seychelles at the Olympics

**Seychelles** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1980.  They have been in most Summer Olympic Games since then, missing only the 1988 Games in support of North Korea.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2011, no Seychellois athlete has won an Olympic .

The National Olympic Committee for Seychelles was created in 1979.  They were  by the International Olympic Committee that same year.

## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Seychelles profile at London2012.com  
* Seychelles Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association
Sierra Leone at the Olympics

**Sierra Leone at the Olympics** is a history which began in 1968. 

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Sierra Leone is SLE.

## History
Teams from Sierra Leone have been to every Summer Olympic Games held since 1968,  with the exception of 1972 and 1976.  They have never won an Olympic .  No athletes from Sierra Leone have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Sierra Leone profile at London2012.com 
* IOC page
Somalia at the Olympics

**Somalia** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1972.  They have been in most Summer Olympic Games since then. Somalia has never been in any Winter Olympic Games. The nation  the 1976 Games along with most other African nations, and also joined the boycott in 1980.  Despite the ongoing Somali Civil War, the nation has been able to send small  to each Games since 1996.

The National Olympic Committee for Somalia was formed in 1959 and  by the International Olympic Committee in 1972.

## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* Somalia profile at London2012.com 
*
Pickford's House Museum

'''Pickford's House Museum of Georgian Life and Costume''', No 41 Friar Gate Derby, is a nice Georgian house built by the great architect Joseph Pickford in 1770 for his own family. Pickford had a number of notable customers. One of them was a painter Joseph Wright, whose works can be found in local Derby Museum. The Pickford's museum that was set up in 1988 shows the housing of a late Georgian professional person. The ground floor is furnished as it might have been in Pickford's time together with displays of eighteenth and nineteenth century costume. It is owned and run by the Derby City Council.

"Pickford's House" was intended to showcase his work, with the intention of securing new contacts. It was also his residence. At the rear of the property Pickford had his builder's yard, access being by a driveway to the right of the property.

## References 
Article contains a text transported from Pickford's House Museum on the English Wikipedia.
*Pickford's House Museum
John Surtees

**John Surtees** CBE (11 February 1934 &ndash; 10 March 2017) was a British racing driver on both motorcycles and in Formula One. He was the only person to win the Drivers' Championship in both Formula One and in the 500cc Motorcycle Championship, which is the top level in motorcycling racing.

Surtees was born in Tatsfield, Surrey. 

He started racing in motorcycling in 1952, won his first race in 1956, as well as winning the 500cc Motorcycle Championship in 1956, as well as 1958, 1959 and 1960. Surtees moved on to Formula One in 1960, earning his first podium position by placing second in the British Grand Prix, and earning pole position in the Portuguese Grand Prix. He joined Ferrari in 1963, placing fourth in the championship. Surtees won the Drivers' Championship in 1964 by one point. He stayed with Ferrari in 1965 but left midway through 1966, joining Cooper and eventually placing second in the Drivers' Championship. After that, Surtees joined Honda Racing (not to be confused with the Honda Racing team that ran from 2006-2008). 

Surtees eventually made his own team, simply named Surtees. He raced with the team until his retirement in 1972. After that, he simply ran the team, until the team left Formula One in 1978. His team also ran in the Formula 2 Championship, which in 1972, Mike Hailwood won the Formula Two Championship.

Surtees died on 10 March 2017 in a hospital in London from respiratory failure, aged 83. 

## References
Crash (1996 movie)

***Crash*** is a Canadian-British drama movie set in Toronto, Ontario. It was written and directed by David Cronenberg. The movie is based on the 1973 novel of the same name. The movie is about people taking sexual pleasures from vehicle accidents. The movie stars James Spader, Deborah Kara Unger, Elias Koteas, Holly Hunter and Rosanna Arquette. It is rated NC-17 as a result of graphic language and explicit sexual content. *Crash* was released in 1997 in the U.S. It created strong controversy when it was released.

## Other websites 
*
Portland Timbers

The **Portland Timbers** are an American professional soccer club based in Portland, Oregon. In 1975, the team took the name "Timbers" because Oregon is known for logging and forestry. The team colors are green and gold (yellow). At every Timbers game in Portland, the Timbers Army are a large group of the loudest and proudest Timbers fans.

Today, the team plays in Major League Soccer. The team played in the USL First Division before they joined Major League Soccer in 2011.

The team's name may also be inspired by a club of the same name based in the same city that competed in the original NASL in the 70's and early 80's.

## References
**Notes**
Libya at the Olympics

**Libya at the Olympics** is a history which began in 1956.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Libya (*Libya Jamahiriya*) was LYA. It is now LBA.

## History
A teams from Libya was first at the Olympic Games in 1964.  They have been in most Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation  the 1976 Games along with most other African nations, and also boycotted the 1984 Games.  Libya has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2025, no Libyan  has ever won an Olympic .

The National Olympic Committee for Libya was created in 1962 and  by the International Olympic Committee in 1963.

## Olympic Medal table
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites
*
South Africa at the Olympics

**South Africa** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1904, and sent athletes toevery Summer Olympic Games until 1960.  After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games.

After the  to end apartheid in 1990, the nation re-joined the Olympic movement.  The *South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee* was formed in 1991, and South Africa returned to the Games at the 1992 Summer Olympics (and the 1992 Summer Paralympics).  South Africa was also in the Winter Olympic Games in 1960, and since 1994.

## Medalists
## Related pages
* List of IOC country codes

## References 
## Other websites 
* South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee 
* South Africa profile at London2012.com
Antichrist (movie)

***Antichrist*** is a 2009 supernatural horror movie. It was directed by Lars von Trier. The movie stars Willem Dafoe and Charlotte Gainsbourg. This movie caused serious controversy upon its release in multiple countries during 2009. The movie was not submitted to the MPAA because of fear that it would be rated NC-17 for graphic violence.

## Accolades
## References
## Other websites 
*