open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Illinois Bell

The **Illinois Bell Telephone Company** is a Bell System internet and telephone telecommunications group in the Midwestern state of Illinois. The network does business as AT&T Illinois under AT&T Teleholdings (which was once Ameritech). It was established in 1920. The name was changed again three years later. That was after SBC Communications' bought AT&T. The name then became *AT&T Illinois*.

## References
Indiana Bell

The **Indiana Bell Telephone Company** is a telecommunications company in the U.S. state of Indiana. The company was established in 1920. It does business under the name AT&T Indiana.

The headquarters of **Indiana Bell** are in Indianapolis, Indiana. Following the Bell System being dissolved in early 1984, Indiana Bell was owned by Ameritech until late 2002. Beginning in early 1993, the Indiana Bell name was dropped. The name *Ameritech* started being used instead. In late 2002 or early 2003, Indiana Bell was renamed SBC Indiana after the **Ameritech** name stopped being used. Three years later in 2006 (following the merger of BellSouth and AT&T), the Indiana Bell began doing business as AT&T Indiana.

## References
Canning

in 1917]]
**Canning** is a way to make food last longer. It involves sealing processed food into a container so no air can get in. Canning can make food last at least a year, sometimes much longer. A freeze-dried canned product, such as canned dried lentils, could last as long as 30 years and still be safe to be eaten.

In 1974, the National Food Processors Association tested canned food from a sunken ship called the *Bertrand*, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865.  Although it looked and smelled different, and had a different amount of vitamins, there were no signs of microbial growth in the 109-year-old canned foods, and they were determined to be safe to eat.

## Methods 
]]
Originally, glass containers were used for canning.  However, these were heavy, easily breakable, and hard to transport. In 1818, Peter Durand introduced the tin can into the United States.  After this, glass jars were mostly replaced with cylindrical tin or iron canisters (later shortened to "cans").  Cans are cheaper, quicker to make, and not as breakable as glass jars.

Can openers were not invented for another thirty years. At first, soldiers would cut the cans open with bayonets or smash them open with rocks. Today, tin-coated steel is the most commonly used material. Aseptically processed retort pouches are also used.

Glass jars are still used for some expensive products and in home canning.

### Microbial control 
There are several ways to prevent food from being spoiled, either before or during canning. 

Sterilization is the only method which is completely dependable as a preservative. Sterilization is done after the can is sealed, so that both the container and the food are secured. Boiling, heating using a flame, and Pasteurization (heating the food to kill most harmful microbes) are forms of heat sterilization. 

Refrigeration, freezing, and drying food can also prevent some spoiling. 

Commercial canners may use vacuums, ionizing radiation, chemical baths, or other methods for food preservation.

### Botulism 
Special measures are needed to make sure canned foods do not contain *Clostridium botulinum* (a type of bacteria which causes botulism).  

Some foods are too acidic to let the bacteria grow.  These foods can safely be canned and sterilized with boiling water.  Fruits, pickled vegetables, and foods with added acid fall into this category.

However, to protect less acidic foods, a pressure canner (similar to a pressure cooker) is needed to reach temperatures high enough to kill the bacteria.  Ordinary boiling temperatures do not kill botulism spores; sterilizing these foods requires high temperatures (116–130&nbsp;°C). Most vegetables, meat, seafood, poultry, and dairy products need to be pressure canned to ensure they are safe from *C. botulinum*.

## References
List of countries in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest

This is a list of countries that are in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest.

## Participants
### Other EBU members 
The following countries have broadcasters eligible to participate in the contest, but have never done so. The Hungarian broadcaster also sent representatives to the .
 

## Notes 
In 2005, France had organized the selections but it's withdrawing

## References
Webster, South Dakota

**Webster** is a city in Day County, South Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of that county. The population was 1,728 at the 2020 census.

## History 
The town was platted in 1880. It was named for J. B. Webster, a pioneer settler.

## Geography 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.

## Notable people 
* Sigurd Anderson – Governor of South Dakota, 1951–1954
* Tom Brokaw – retired television anchorman for NBC, born in Webster
* Jerry Brudos – Oregon serial killer, born in Webster
* Brock Lesnar – WWE professional wrestler
* Creighton Leland Robertson – Episcopalian bishop and lawyer, practiced law in Webster
* Lee Schoenbeck – lawyer and current President Pro Tempore of the South Dakota State Senate, born in Webster
* William Garner Waddel – South Dakota State Senator, former Mayor of Webster

## Related pages 
* List of cities in South Dakota

## References 
## Other websites 
* Webster Area Chamber of Commerce
Dimona

**Dimona** (Hebrew: דִּימוֹנָה, Arabic: ديمونا) is an Israeli city in the Negev desert, 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the south-east of Beer Sheba and 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the Dead Sea above the Arava valley in the Southern District of Israel. In 2022 its population was 36,776.

The Shimon Peres Negev Nuclear Research Center, colloquially known as the Dimona Reactor, is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) southeast of the city.

## References
## Other websites
List of Junior Eurovision Song Contest winners

The is a list of winners of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest from 2003 to the present day.

## Winners by year 
, winner of the 2010 contest for Armenia.]]
, winner of the 2015 contest for Malta.]]
, winner of the 2017 contest for Russia.]]
, winner of the 2018 contest for Poland.]]

## Winners by country 
## Winners by language 
Since the contest began in 2003, all nations competing must sing in the national language (or national languages) of the country being represented, with at least 60% of the song having to be in a national language of the country.

## Related pages 
* List of Eurovision Song Contest winners

## References
Ánu

**Anu** is the Mesopotamian god of the sky. The Sumerians describe him as the embodiment of the sky which can come to Earth in human form. Anu is also the King of Gods, and sometimes said to create humans with the assistance of his sons Enlil and/or Enki

Anu is not talked about in the Hebrew scriptures.

## References
Santita Jackson

**Santita Jackson** (born July 17, 1963) is an American singer and political commentator. Jackson toured with Roberta Flack and performed the National Anthem at President Bill Clinton's second inauguration. She has appeared on the Fox News Channel and is the host of a television show on The Word Network. 

## References
## Other websites
* Personal Website
*
Solanki Rajputs

**Solanki** or **Solangi** (also known as **Chalukyas**) is an Indian Rajput clan that claims descent from the Agnivanshi lineage. The **Solanki dynasty** ruled parts of modern day Gujarat and Rajasthan of north-western India, between c. 940 CE and c. 1244 CE.

## References
Infostealer

**Infostealer** is a computer program that steals data that might be very personal to you like your passwords.

## References
Abbotsford, New Zealand

**Abbotsford** is a suburb of Dunedin. It has a primary school and in 1979 the suburb suffered from a landslide. It is north of Green Island.

## References
Alabama Legislature

The **Alabama Legislature** is the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is a bicameral body made of the House of Representatives and Senate. It is one of the few state legislatures in which members of both chambers serve four-year terms and in which all are elected in the same cycle. 

## History
The legislature was first made in 1818, as part of the Alabama Territory, before Alabama was a state. In 1819, the Alabama constitution was accepted, and the legislature became a regular state legislature.

During the American Civil War, people from the Confederacy went to Montgomery to make a new Government. They used the capitol grounds to do government work on the Federal level. This happened from February to May 1861. After that, the capitol was moved to Richmond, Virginia after Virginia joined the Confederacy. 

After the civil war, in 1867, a Constitutional convention was done to make a new constitution for Alabama. Two more were made, in 1875 and 1901. The 1901 constitution, changed the name from the Alabama General Assembly to the Alabama Legislature.

## References
Sineenat

**Niramon Ounprom** (, ; nicknamed *Koi*; ,  born 26 January 1985) is a Thai army officer, member of the Thai royal court, and a former Thai nurse. 

Sineenat was a long-time mistress of Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn of Thailand. She was given several military ranks and positions. After Prince Vajiralongkorn became King Rama X, he made her as his Royal Noble Consort, giving her the noble title of *Chao Khun Phra*. She is the first woman to hold the title of a royal concubine of the King of Thailand in almost a century.

## References
Srinagarindra

**Princess Srinagarindra** (; ; 21 October 1900 – 18 July 1995) born **Sangwan Talapat**  (; ) was a member of the Royal Thai Family. She was part of the House of Mahidol. She was the mother of Princess Galyani Vadhana, King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII), and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). She was the paternal grandmother of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X).

Her formal name and title was **Somdet Phra Srinagarindra Boromarajajonani** (). 

## References
Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres

The '''men's 1500 metres** event at the **1936 Olympic Games''' was on August 4 and August 6. There were 43 athletes. These athletes were from 27 different nations. This was New Zealand's first medal in this event. Glenn Cunningham of the United States won 2nd place. This was the first time that the United States was in the top 3 since 1920. Luigi Beccali of Italy won the event in 1932. In this race, he came in 3rd. He became the first man to have 2 medals in this event.

## Background
This was the 10th time this event was run. It was one of 12 athletics that has been at every Summer Olympics. The event had many fast runners. 6 of the 7 fastest runners from 1932 raced. All of the medalists from 1932 raced. The winner in 1932 was Luigi Beccali of Italy. Jerry Cornes of Great Britain was in 2nd. Phil Edwards of Canada was in 3rd. Glenn Cunningham of the United States was in 4th. Eric Ny of Sweden was in 5th place. Jack Lovelock of New Zealand was in 7th place. All 6 of these people ran in both 1932 and 1936. Sydney Wooderson of Great Britain, Archie San Romani of the United States, and Gene Venzke of the United States also ran in both 1932 and 1936. The world record was 3:48.8 by Bill Bonthron. In the Olympic qualification races, he lost to 3 other American runners. This meant that he was not in the team.

This was the first time that Chile, China, Colombia, Luxembourg, and Peru were in the Olympic games. This was the 10th time that the United States was in the Olympics. The United States was the only nation that was in every men's 1500 metres until 1936.

## Competition
The competition had 2 rounds. This format was used since 1908. There were now 4 semifinals rounds again. Each semifinal had either 10 or 11 runners. The 3 fastest runners in each heat went to the final. This meant that there was 12 people in the final round.

## Records
The graph shows the world record and Olympic records before the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Jack Lovelock beat the World Record. His time was 3:47.8. Lovelock and Glenn Cunningham were both under the old world record The 5 fastest runners all beat the old Olympic record.

## Schedule
## Results
### Semifinals
The 3 fastest runners in each heat went to the final rounds.

#### Semifinal 1
#### Semifinal 2
#### Semifinal 3
#### Semifinal 4
### Final
## References
Dipangkorn Rasmijoti

**Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti Sirivibulyarajakumar** (; , ; born 29 April 2005) is a member of Thailand’s Chakri dynasty and Heir presumptive to the throne of Thailand. He is the fifth son and seventh and youngest child of King Vajiralongkorn. His mother is Srirasmi Suwadee, the king's third legal wife.

After the Crown Prince divorced his second wife in 1996, he disowned their four sons, leaving Dipangkorn as the only son recognised by the king. 

Princess Bajrakitiyabha, the second likely heir in line to the throne and oldest daughter of the king, was widely thought to be the next person in line until falling into a comain December 2022. Afterwards, Dipangkorn has been widely seen as the next-in-line.

## References
B-cell lymphoma

The **B-cell lymphomas** are types of lymphoma affecting B cells.  Lymphomas are seen as "blood cancers" in the lymph nodes. They grow more often in older adults and in immunocompromised people.

B-cell lymphomas include both Hodgkin's lymphomas and most non-Hodgkin lymphomas. They are usually split into low and high risk forms.

## References
Immunodeficiency

**Immunodeficiency**, also known as **immunocompromisation**, is a state in which the immune system's role to fight infectious diseases and cancer is not strong or not there at all. Immunocompromisation may be caused by other illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, genetic diseases or problems within the system such as SCID.

## References
Bajrakitiyabha

**Princess Bajrakitiyabha, the Princess Rajasarini Siribajra** (, , also known as **Princess Bha** or **Patty**, born 7 December 1978) is a Thai princess, lawyer and politician. She is the first grandchild of King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit of Thailand. She is the only one of the seven children of King Vajiralongkorn born to his first wife Princess Soamsawali.

Since December 2022, Bajrakitiyabha has been in a coma after collapsing due to a heart condition.

## Early life
Bajrakitiyabha was born on 7 December 1978 at Dusit Palace in Bangkok. She is the oldest child and first daughter of Vajiralongkorn and his first wife princess Soamsawali. She got her LL.B. degree from Thammasat University, as well as a B.A. degree in International Relations from Sukhothai Thammatirat University, both in 2000. She later got a LL.M. degree from Cornell Law School in 2002 and a J.S.D. degree from Cornell University in 2005.

## Career
In 2002, Bajrakitiyabha was a summer legal intern at a law firm in Washington, D.C.. For a short time, she worked at the Thai Permanent Mission to the United Nations, in New York City. 

In September 2006, she was hired as a lawyer in the Office of the Attorney General in Bangkok.

From 2012 to 2014, she was the Thai ambassador to Austria.

On 3 February 2021, she became the Chief of Staff of The King's Close Bodyguard Command and was promoted to general.

Until December 2022 due to her medical condition, Bajrakitiyabha was seen as the next in line to the throne.

## Health
In December 2022, Bajrakitiyabha was hospitalized in Bangkok while walking her dogs. She collapsed because of her heart condition. She was taken to two hospitals after the medical episode. She remains in a coma with no information on any possible recovery.

## References
## Other websites
* The Friend in need of "PA"'s website
* Kamlangjai Project website 
* The Children's Foundation, Phramongkutklao Hospital's website
* "ELFI" project
* Na Bha Foundation under HRH Princess Bajrakitiyabha's website
* Website, Office of the Attorney General, Thailand
Suthida

**Suthida Bajrasudhabimalalakshana** (, , ), born **Suthida Tidjai** (; 3 June 1978), is Queen of Thailand as the fourth wife of King Vajiralongkorn. Before their marriage, she was a flight attendant. 

After joining the Thai military, she was promoted to King's bodyguard.

## References
Srirasmi Suwadee

**Srirasmi Suwadee** (; ; born 9 December 1971), formerly **Princess Srirasmi, Royal Consort to the Crown Prince of Thailand**, is a former member of the royal family of Thailand. She was the third consort of then-Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn (now Rama X) from February 2001 to December 2014.

## References
Data management

**Data management** is the practice of collecting and using data as effectively as possible. It is sometimes called information management or knowledge management. Data management makes information useful by organizing it and making it easy to access. It is important to manage data correctly, or it might be lost or accidentally deleted by scientists trying to use the data. 

Usually, data is stored in central collections (called "warehouses") for management. Data management applications make it possible to search for specific data in these collections.

## Related pages
* Data collection
* Generative artificial intelligence

## References
Country House (song)

"**Country House**" is a 1995 song by Blur. It is the leading single from their fourth studio album *The Great Escape*. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland and Scotland, number 10 in Sweden, number 30 in New Zealand, number 4 in Finland, number 28 in Australia and number 7 in Denmark.

## Track listings
All music was composed by Albarn, Coxon, James and Rowntree. All lyrics were written by Albarn.

* **UK CD1 and Australian CD single**
# "Country House" – 3:58
# "One Born Every Minute" – 2:18
# "To the End" (with Françoise Hardy) – 5:06

* **UK CD2**
# "Country House" – 5:01
# "Girls & Boys" – 5:08
# "Parklife" – 4:13
# "For Tomorrow" – 7:35
Note: All tracks were recorded live at the Mile End Stadium in London, England, on 17 June 1995

* **UK 7-inch and cassette single; European CD single**
# "Country House" – 3:58
# "One Born Every Minute" – 2:18

* **Japanese CD single**
# "Country House" – 3:58
# "One Born Every Minute" – 2:18
# "To the End" (with Françoise Hardy) – 5:06
# "Charmless Man" – 3:44

## References
General Tso's chicken

'''General Tso's chicken''' is a food made out of boneless fried chicken pieces that are covered in a sweet and spicy sauce. It is a type of Chinese American food. 
## History
It was invented in Taiwan by chef Peng Chang-kuei in the 1950s. He was inspired by Chinese food from Hunan, China. He moved to New York City, in the United States of America and opened a restaurant in 1973. After that, General Tso's chicken became famous in America.
## Ingredients
General Tso's chicken is made by covering pieces of chicken in batter and deep-frying them. The fried chicken pieces are then tossed in a sauce made out of rice vinegar, soy sauce, sugar, garlic, and hoisin sauce.
## References
2024 Luzon Asf outbreak

The ongoing outbreak of **African swine fever (ASF)** in Luzon, Philippines began in the Rizal province in 2019 and in nearby provinces. The Batangas province is placed under state of emergency due to the African swine fever.

The provinces of Luzon are under control in Laguna, La Union, Nueva Ecija, Quezon and some parts of Metro Manila. They have confirmed the African swine fever virus. The mass vaccination of pigs is planned and may be available in August 16, 2024.

The Philippine Department of Health declared a state health emergency. 

## Related pages
*Swine influenza
* 2023–2024 mpox epidemic

## References
LLC

An **LLC** is a limited liability company, the US-specific form of a private limited company.

**LLC** may also refer to:

* Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines
* "LLC", a 2018 song by Nicki Minaj from the album *Queen*
Sven Co-op

**Sven Co-op** is a popular online video game. It is a modification ("mod") of the first-person shooter game *Half-Life*. The game was first released in 1999. It allows players to work together in teams, also known as "co-op," to complete missions and fight enemies.

## Gameplay 
In Sven Co-op, players join forces to fight computer-controlled enemies. The game can be played by many people at the same time over the internet or on a local network. Players must work together to solve puzzles, defeat enemies, and achieve the objectives of each level.

Players can choose from different characters and use various weapons to fight. The game includes levels (called "maps") made by both the creators and fans of the game. Some maps have simple goals, like getting to the end, while others are more complex and require teamwork and strategy.

## Development 
Sven Co-op was created by Daniel "Sven Viking" Fearon and a small team of developers. It started as a hobby project, but it quickly became very popular among fans of *Half-Life*. Over time, the game received many updates and new features, making it more fun and challenging.

In 2016, the game was released as a standalone game on the Steam platform. This means that players no longer need to own *Half-Life* to play Sven Co-op. The standalone version includes improved graphics, new maps, and better support for multiplayer gameplay.

## Community 
Sven Co-op has a large and active community of players and developers. Fans of the game create their own maps, mods, and content, which they share with others. The game also has many servers where players can join and play with others from around the world.

The developers continue to update the game, adding new features and fixing bugs. The community also organizes events and competitions, keeping the game alive and exciting.

## Legacy 
Sven Co-op is known for being one of the best co-op games ever made. It has inspired many other games and mods. The game is also remembered for its friendly and creative community, which has helped it remain popular for over two decades.
Norman Francis

**Norman Christopher Francis** (March 20, 1931 – February 18, 2026) was an American academic. He was the president of Xavier University of Louisiana from 1968 to 2015. He was the first Black and first lay president of the school, and the second African American to ever be president of a Catholic university in the United States. Francis was born in Lafayette, Louisiana.

Francis also was the Louisiana Recovery Authority, the state agency in charge of planning the recovery of Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita. 

He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush in 2006.

Francis died on February 18, 2026 at a hospital in New Orleans, Louisiana at the age of 94.

## References
Yvonne Delcour

**Yvonne Delcour** pseudonym of **Yvonne Verschueren** (8 May 1932 – 20 August 2024) was a Belgian television and stage actress. She was born in Ghent, Belgium. Delcour was most known for playing Adrie in ''*. She also had other rules such as a guest role in television series *De Collega's* and in the 2008 movie *Moscow, Belgium''.

After her first marriage, she married theater director . They also played together in the theater.

Delcour died on 20 August 2024 at the age of 92.

## References
Ken Saitō

is a Japanese politician. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry from December 2023 until October 2024. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2009.

Saitō was the Minister of Justice from November 2022 to September 2023. He was the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries from August 2017 to October 2018. 

In August 2024, Saitō said that he was interested in running for the Liberal Democratic Party in the 2024 leadership election. However a month later, he declined to run after not being able to get enough support.

## References
Tomiko Itooka

was a Japanese supercentenarian who was the world's oldest verified living person between August and December 2024. 

Itooka was born in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, Empire of Japan on 23 May 1908.

She died from natural causes on 29 December 2024 in Ashiya, Japan at the age of 116. After her death, Inah Canabarro Lucas became the world's oldest living person.

## References
Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos

**El Rancho Rinconada de los Gatos** was a  Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Clara County, California made in 1840 by Governor Juan Alvarado to Jose Maria Hernandez and Sebastian Fabian Peralta. Located in the southern San Francisco Bay Area, the grant included present-day Los Gatos and Monte Sereno, along with about a third of Campbell.

## History
Sebastian Peralta and José Hernandez, brothers-in-law married to two Sibrian sisters, were granted the one and one half square league Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos in 1840.

With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Sebastian Peralta and José Hernandez in 1860.

Approximately  were sold to James Alexander Forbes in 1853, when he built Forbes Mill. 

Three cities have been incorporated containing large sections of land from the grant: Los Gatos in 1887, Campbell in 1952, and Monte Sereno in 1957. The grant boundary forms the modern boundary between the cities of Saratoga, Los Gatos, and Monte Sereno along Quito Road.

## References
Takayuki Kobayashi

**Takayuki Kobayashi** (小林 鷹之, *Kobayashi Takayuki*; born 29 November 1974) is a Japanese Liberal Democratic Party politician. He was the Minister for Economic Security from 2021 to 2022.

In August 2024, Kobayashi announced his leadership candidacy for the Liberal Democratic Party in the 2024 leadership election. He lost the election to former Defense Minister Shigeru Ishiba on 27 September 2024.

In September 2025, Kobayashi announced a second leadership candidacy for the Liberal Democratic Party in the 2025 leadership election following the resignation of Prime Minister Ishiba. He was eliminated in the first round on 4 October.

In October 2025, LDP President Sanae Takaichi picked Kobayashi to be chairman of the Policy Research Council in the LDP.

## References
Shigeharu Aoyama

**Shigeharu Aoyama** (; born 25 July 1952) is a Japanese politician. He has been a member of the House of Councillors of Japan, since 2016. Aoyama was seen as a possible candidate for the Liberal Democratic Party leadership in the 2024 leadership election.

## References
Katsunobu Katō

**Katsunobu Katō** (加藤 勝信, *Katō Katsunobu*; born 22 November 1955)  is a Japanese politician who was the Minister of Finance from 2024 until 2025 in the Shigeru Ishiba cabinet.

Katō was the Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare from 2017 to 2018, from 2019 to 2020 and again from 2022 to 2023. He also was the Chief Cabinet Secretary from 2020 to 2021. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2003.

In August 2024, Katō announced his leadership candidacy for the Liberal Democratic Party in the 2024 leadership election. He lost the election to former Defense Minister Shigeru Ishiba on 27 September 2024.

## References
Music of Grand Theft Auto V

The music for the 2013 action-adventure game Grand Theft Auto V was made by the German electronic group Tangerine Dream, American composer Woody Jackson, and American hip hop artists The Alchemist and Oh No. The game was developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. Grand Theft Auto V has a radio in the game with sixteen stations that play over 441 songs, and two stations with talk shows. The game’s music was made to go well with these songs, not to take attention away from them. The game's music has been released in five official soundtracks:

* **The Music of Grand Theft Auto V** - This was released with the game and includes three volumes of the game’s score and songs from the in-game radio.
* **The Cinematographic Score — GTA 5** - An electronic album released in March 2014 with tracks by Edgar Froese, the founder of Tangerine Dream.
* **Welcome to Los Santos** - Released with the Windows version of the game.

## Production and composition 
Grand Theft Auto V has its own original music, which is different from most of the previous games in the series. Music supervisor Ivan Pavlovich said that creating this original score was "daunting" because it was a new approach for the Grand Theft Auto games. Like the earlier games in the series, Grand Theft Auto V also features licensed music tracks on its in-game radio. Pavlovich hoped that the original score would make the licensed music even better, not take away from it. To work on the score, Rockstar engaged The Alchemist, Oh No, Tangerine Dream and Woody Jackson, the latter of which had previously worked on *Red Dead Redemption*, *L.A. Noire* and *Max Payne 3*'s music.

## Soundtracks 
The Music of Grand Theft Auto V was released digitally on September 24, 2013, in three volumes. It includes the original score composed for the game and songs licensed for the in-game radio. The retail version of the soundtrack came out on December 9, 2014, and was available on CD and vinyl through Mass Appeal Records.

## Notes
## References
Llanganates National Park

**Llanganates National Park** () is a place in Ecuador.  It is a place for plants, animals, and other living things to live. It is in the Cotopaxi Province, Napo Province, Pastaza Province, and Tungurahua Province. A mountain called Cerro Hermoso ("beautiful mountain") is in the park. It is  high. Hikers like to come to the park to climb it. The park is famous for the Treasure of the Llanganatis.

Visitors come to the park from towns, for example Salcedo, Patate, Pillaro, Baños, and Rio Verde.

## Ecology
The park has two different places in it. The west part of the park is in the Andes mountains. It is a special kind of forest called a páramo. This is much higher up than the east part of the park.  There are high mountains and high valleys. Only a few plants and animals live there, for example South American camelids like vicuñas, llamas, and alpacas.

The east part of the park has mountain forests with many different kinds of plants and animals. It is hard to get to this place. Human beings can only go by walking, not with cars or planes. There are many rivers. Scientists found many species of plants that no scientist had written about before, for example many Andean *Magnolia* plants.

## Exploration
In 2013, people from Ecuador, Britain, France, and America found and dug up a 260&nbsp;ft tall by 260&nbsp;ft wide stone thing. They saw it had hundreds of two-ton stone blocks in it. Scholars think there could be more things like this nearby.  They found the stone thing 20 miles from the town of Baños, but it takes eight hours to get there because there are mountains and jungles in the way. They found it 8,500&nbsp;ft above sea level in cloud forest.

## References 
## Other websites 
* www.murcielagoblanco.com / List of mammals in the Llanganates National Park (Spanish)
* www.birdlife.org / List of birds in the Llanganates National Park (Spanish / English)
* / Attractions of the Llanganates (Spanish)
1976 Jordan tornado

On June 13, 1976, a long, F5-rated tornado went through the heart of the small rural town of Jordan, Iowa. It destroyed the entire town, including part of the local school and several homes. This tornado formed near Luther, Iowa, quickly gaining strength before it tore through the town. When it finally dissipated near Story City, it left behind a path half a mile wide. The National Weather Service  rated this tornado an F5 on the Fujita scale, with wind speeds over 261 mph (420 km/h). This tornado was also accompanied by an F3 anticyclonic tornado. Fortunately, all residents survived this violent tornado as it produced extreme damage throughout its 21-mile (34 km) long and 880-yard (800 m) wide path. Ted Fujita surveyed this tornado and described it as one of the most intense tornadoes he had ever studied. He was on the scene in under 48 hours, interviewing residents and surveying the tornado. It was the last F5 to ever hit Iowa, around 8 years after the Charles City tornado.

## References
George Helmy

**George Samir Helmy** (born October 27, 1979) is an American politician who was the United States Senator from New Jersey for a few months in 2024. He was New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy's chief of staff from 2019 to 2023.

## U.S. Senate
On August 16, 2024, Murphy announced Helmy's appointment to the United States Senate seat that Bob Menendez resigned from on August 20, 2024. Murphy also announced that Helmy would resign in late November, after the 2024 election to appoint the winner of the election.

Helmy left office in December 2024 and was replaced by his elected replacement Andy Kim.

## Personal life
Helmy was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, on October 27, 1979. He received a bachelor's degree in psychology from Rutgers University and a master's degree in finance and management from the Harvard Extension School. 

Helmy is of Coptic descent.

## References
## Other websites
*
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1

**Influenza A virus subtype H1N1** (**A/H1N1**) is a type of influenza A virus (IAV). Some human-adapted strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans and are one cause of seasonal influenza (flu). 

Other strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs (swine influenza) and in birds (avian influenza). 

Types of IAV are a combination of the antigenic H and N proteins in the viral envelope.

Major outbreaks of H1N1 strains in humans include the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, the 1977 Russian flu pandemic and the 2009 swine flu pandemic, all of which were caused by strains of A(H1N1) virus which had genetic reassortment.

## References
Go On (TV series)

***Go On*** is a NBC sitcom series that aired from 8 August 2012 to 11 April 2013 for one season and twenty-two episodes. It starred Matthew Perry, Laura Benanti, Julie White, Allison Miller, John Cho, Tonita Castro and Tyler James Williams.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Southbrook, New Zealand

**Southbrook** is a southeastern suburb of Rangiora. It is located 8 kilometers northwest of Kaiapoi. It has two schools including primary school and state integrated school in the suburb.

## References
Temuka

**Temuka** is a town in the Timaru District, New Zealand. It is 15 kilometers north of Timaru and has two primary schools and one secondary school situated in the town. It has a ceramic cookery place called Temuka Homeware.

## References
Okuku, New Zealand

**Okuku** is a small farming settlement in the Waimakariri District, New Zealand. It is situated 20 kilometers northwest of Rangiora. It contains mix of flat and farmland. It has Okuku River running through the settlement.

## References
Mattress Firm

**Mattress Firm** is an American mattress store chain. It was founded on July 4, 1986 in Houston, Texas. Before its bankruptcy in 2018, the company operated over 3,600 locations in 48 states.  

## Overview 
Mattress Firm sells mattresses, bed frames, bedding, and related home furnishings. It sells under its own name and through affiliated brands such as Sleepy's and Mattress Pro. The company expanded through multiple mergers and acquisitions during the 2000s and 2010s.  

Mattress Firm filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2018 following rapid overexpansion and declining sales. It closed hundreds of stores across the country. The company later restructured and continued operations under new ownership by Steinhoff International, a South African retail holding company.  

## Headquarters 
Mattress Firm's corporate headquarters are in Houston, Texas. It has regional offices across the United States.
Influenza A virus

***Influenza A virus*** (IAV) is the only species of the genus *Alphainfluenzavirus* of the virus family *Orthomyxoviridae*. It is a pathogen with strains that infect birds and some mammals. It also caused seasonal flu in humans.

Mammals where different strains of IAV spread with transmission are bats, pigs, horses and dogs. Other mammals can become infected.

## References
The Express Tribune

**The Express Tribune** is a daily English newspaper in Pakistan. It is run by the Lakson Group media company. It is the only newspaper in Pakistan that works with the International New York Times, which is the worldwide edition of The New York Times.

The newspaper is based in Karachi, but it also has offices in Lahore, Islamabad, and Peshawar.

It started on April 12, 2010, and has a different news design compared to other Pakistani newspapers.

## References
## Other websites 
*tribune.com.pk
Randolph W. Thrower

**Randolph William Thrower** (September 5, 1913 &ndash; March 8, 2014) was an American lawyer. He was the Commissioner of Internal Revenue under President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1971.
Chetniks

The **Chetniks** were a resistance movement during World War II. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, resistance movements formed to fight the occupying Axis powers. One of them were the Chetniks led by Draža Mihailović (a general in the royal Yugoslav army). They faced opposition from the Communist Yugoslav Partisans, even though they fought together in the first few battles, the Chetniks started collaborating with the Axis in late 1941. In 1944–45, the Germans and the Chetniks were losing the war. The Partisans won the war in May 1945 and Mihailović was executed the next year.

## Notes and References
St. Anger (song)

"**St. Anger**" is a song by American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released on June 23, 2003. It's the lead single from their eighth studio album of the same name. 

The song won Best Metal Performance at the 46th Grammy Awards. It was also nominated for Best Rock Video at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, but lost to "Somewhere I Belong" by Linkin Park.

The lyric "fuck it all and fuckin' no regrets, I hit the lights on these dark sets" may be a reference to two other Metallica songs. Those songs are "Damage, Inc." (*Master of Puppets*) and "Hit the Lights" (''Kill 'Em All*).

## Music video
The Malloys directed a music video for *St. Anger*. It was shot in San Quentin State Prison, California. It won a 2003 *Metal Edge'' Readers' Choice Award for Video of the Year.

The video begins with drummer Lars Ulrich starting the beat and saying "En, to, tre, fire!" When translated from Danish, it means "One, two, three, four!" At the end of the video, a sentence appears on a black background. It reads: "For all the souls impacted by San Quentin, your spirit will forever be a part of Metallica."

## Track list
## Chart positions
## Certifications
## References
Frantic (Metallica song)

"**Frantic**" is a song by the American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released on September 15, 2003. It's the second single from their eighth studio album *St. Anger*.

This song is about the band's past struggles with addictions. Most notably, lead singer James Hetfield's alcohol problem. He spent many months in rehab because of this. The lyrics also draw on Zen axioms such as the Buddhist concept of dukkha. 

## Music video
A music video was made of "Frantic". It was directed by  Wayne Isham and made to go along with the song's release as a single.  The video was shot in Montreal, Canada. It features a shortened version of the song. 

It depicts a man looking back on his life. He was always drinking, having sex, and smoking. He then crashes his pickup truck into an RV at an intersection. In-between those clips are scenes of the band playing the song in front of a pile of scrap metal (Hetfield and Hammett) and a set of rocks (Ulrich and Trujillo). At the end of the video, the man's truck is upside-down, but he's still alive. He starts to laugh, but a car crashes into the side of the truck, tipping it overl This presumably kills him. 

## Track listing
## Chart positions
## References
Dubai Silicon Oasis

**Dubai Silicon Oasis** (DSO) is a free-trade area in Dubai, created by the government in 2003. It covers 7.2 square kilometers in the Nadd Hessa area.

Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced Dubai Silicon Oasis in 2003. In 2005, it became an independent authority with control over 7.2 square kilometers of land. 

Dubai Silicon Oasis is regulated by the Dubai Silicon Oasis Authority (DSOA), which oversees the free zone's business operations, licensing framework, and infrastructure development. DSO is positioned near key business hubs, including Dubai International Airport, Jebel Ali Port, and Port Rashid, making it a well-connected zone for trade and logistics.

## References
Eric Beekes

**Eric Beekes** (15 May 1949 – 10 June 2024) was a Dutch actor and singer. He was born in Surabaya on East Java in the Dutch East Indies. 

Beekes made his debut in the 1970s onstage in the play *Madame Jatzkowa* He is most known for playing in the VARA television series *Dubbelleven*, *Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden*, *Sjans*, *Oppassen!!!* and *De Vlaamsche Pot*. He also played the movies *Bloedverwanten*, *Flodder in Amerika!*, *De kassière* and *Spetters*.
At the end of his career he played in the musicals Fame and *Zangeres zonder naam*.

As a singer he released three albums.

Beekes was diagnosed with oral cavity cancer in May 2024. He choosed for euthenasia and died in a hoepice in Amsterdam on 10 June 2024 at the age of 75.

## References
Machine tool

A **machine tool** is a machine that cuts, shapes, or forms material.

A machine tool has three basic elements:

* A *work-holding* device for holding the material, or *workpiece*.
* A *tool-holding* device for holding the tool.
* A method for guiding the movement of the tool relevant to the workpiece or material.

]]
A lathe is one of the oldest types of machine tools. It is most commonly used to make circular cuts in wood or metal. A lathe holds the material to be cut on a rotating spindle, and the spindle is driven by a motor or crank.

Machine tools are commonly used to cut and form parts out of metal, but can be designed to work with most materials.

Machine tools that are controlled by a computer are called CNC machines.

## References
Chalukyas of Badami

The **Chalukya Empire** was a medieval empire that ruled over most of the Deccan during the 6th-8th century . The Chalukyas, originally feudatories of the Kadambas, rose to power in the Aihole and Badami regions of Karnataka. They promoted Kannada and Sanskrit languages in their administration. 

In the mid-6th century, Pulakeshin I established Badami as their center of power. Under Pulakeshin II, the Chalukyas expanded their influence northward beyond the Tapti and Narmada rivers, successfully resisting Harshavardhana, the northern ruler. The Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin II (dated 634 CE) records his victories over several kingdoms, including the Kadambas, Western Gangas, Alupas, Mauryas, Kosala, Malwa, Lata, and the Gurjaras of southern Rajasthan.

## References
North Vancouver (district municipality)

The **District of North Vancouver** is a district in British Columbia, north of the city of Vancouver across the Burrard Inlet. It is part of the Metro Vancouver area. It borders West Vancouver to the west, City of North Vancouver on all 3 sides and Vancouver to the south.

## References
Thaddeus McCotter

**Thaddeus George McCotter** (born August 22, 1965) is an American politician, radio host, and a member of the Republican Party. He was the U.S. Representative from  from 2003 to 2012. He was also a candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 election.

After ending his presidential campaign, McCotter decided to run again for his seat in Congress, but did not qualify in the 2012 primary. He was disqualified after most of his petition signatures were rejected as invalid and some of his staffers were found guilty of repeating and faking some signatures.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Thaddeus McCotter *official U.S. House website*
* 
* 
* Campaign finance reports and data  at the Federal Election Commission (presidential)
* Financial information at OpenSecrets (presidential)
Cees van Zijtveld

**Cornelis “Cees” van Zijtveld** (10 May 1943 – 16 August 2024) was a Dutch disc jockey and voice actor.

Van Zijtveld was born in Amsterdam in 1943 and started his career as a disc jockey in 1961 with Veronica. He made several radio programs including *Afspraak met Cees*, ''Seven O'Clock Show* and *Ook Goeiemorgen''. He played often the B-side of singels and received the nickname 'Flip van de flipside' (literally translated ‘Flip of the turnside’). He also worked for Toppop, for other AVRO television programs and as a voice actor. He later also worked for NPO Radio 2 and Radio 5. Van Zijtveld retired in 2006.

Van Zijtveld died in Naarden on 16 August 2024 at the age of 81 years old.

## References
Crack Is Wack

***Crack Is Wack*** is a mural created in 1986 by American artist Keith Haring. The mural is located near the Harlem River Drive in East Harlem. The mural serves as a warning against the usage of crack cocaine, which was rampant in major cities in the 1980's. The mural has a red background with the words "Crack is wack" at the top in all caps.

## References
Hyloxalus mittermeieri

The '''Mittermeier's rocket frog'* (*Hyloxalus mittermeieri'') is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

This frog is awake during the day. Scientists saw them in tropical forests on mountains between 1620 and 2050 meters above sea level.  They saw it near streams.  Scientists do not know if the tadpoles swim in streams, but they think so.

Scientists do not know if this frog is in danger of dying out, but they think the fungal disease chytridiomycosismight hurt or kill this frog. It has killed many other frogs in the Andes Mountains that live in streams.

## References
Tuta

**Tuta**, formerly **Tutanota**, is an end-to-end encrypted email app and a freemium secure email service. The service is advertisement-free; it relies on donations and premium subscriptions. As of June 2023, Tutanota's owners claimed to have over 10 million users of the product. The company announced a transition to 100% renewable electricity in March 2019.

## References
Al Attles

**Alvin Austin Attles Jr.** (November 7, 1936 – August 20, 2024) was an American professional basketball player, coach and executive. He spent his entire professional career with the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was nicknamed the "**Destroyer**". He played for the Warriors from 1960 to 1971 and coached them from 1970 to 1983, notably during their victory in the 1975 NBA Finals. Attles was born in Newark, New Jersey.

In April 2019, Attles was chosen as a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

Attles died on August 20, 2024 under hospice care in Oakland, California at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Basketball-Reference.com: Al Attles (as coach)
Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres

The '''men's 5000 metres** event at the **1936 Olympic Games** was on August 4 and August 7.  The final was won by Finn Gunnar Höckert. He beat the Olympic record in Olympic record time.

## Results
### Heats
The 5 fastest runners in each heat went to the finals.

**Heat one**

**Heat two**

**Heat three**

### Final
**Key''': DNF = Did not finish, OR = Olympic record

## References
Regenboogkerk

The **Regenboogkerk** (translated: Rainbow Church) was a reformed church in Epe, the Netherlands. 

## History
The church was built in 1937 under de name "Gereformeerde kerk". It was a brick hall church on a cross-shaped plan, covered by high gable roofs and initially with a ridge turret. The front facade showed some influence of the Amsterdam School and was designed by Johan Dalmolen and M. van de Veen. The organ was built in 1970-1971 by the firm Bernard Koch & Zoon in Apeldoorn. The building was renovated and enlarged in 1965 and 2000. In 2001 the church received the name 'Regenboogkerk'. In 2004 there was a there was a merger by the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, but the church community retained its reformed character.

### Fire
On August 20, 2024 the church was destroyed by a fire. Flames came out of the roof together with a lot of smoke was released. The fire brigade  prevented the fire from spreading to other buildings. After the fire was extinguished, only the brick facades were left and the entire building was considered lost. Because the church was not a listed building, it was decided to demolish the church.

## References