open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ed Gainey

**Edward C. "Ed" Gainey** (born February 19, 1970) is an American Democratic politician. He is the 61st Mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania since 2022. He is a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives since 2013. He was elected mayor in 2021. He lost his re-election primary bid to Corey O'Connor in 2025.

## References
Bruce Harrell

**Bruce Allen Harrell** (born October 10, 1958) is an American politician and attorney. He is the Mayor of Seattle since 2022. He was the mayor before for a short time in 2017. He was a member of the Seattle City Council. He was first elected to the city council in 2007 and was re-elected in 2011 and 2015, and did not run again in 2019. Harrell narrowly lost re-election to activist Katie Wilson in the 2025 mayoral election.

## References
Gelora Bung Karno Stadium

**Gelora Bung Karno Stadium** is a main stadium in Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex, Jakarta, Indonesia.  It is officially called the **Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium** and also known as the **GBK Stadium**. The stadium was made for use during the 1962 Asian Games then reused during the 2018 Asian Games and 2018 Asian Para Games.

## References
Franconia, New Hampshire

**Franconia** is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. At the 2020 census, 1,083 people lived there.

## Other websites
* 
* New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile
Felicia Moore

**Felicia A. Moore** is an American Democratic politician. She is the President of the Atlanta City Council since 2017.

On January 28, 2021, Moore announced her candidacy for Mayor of Atlanta in the 2021 Atlanta mayoral election.

## References
Justin Bibb

**Justin Bibb** (born April 26, 1987) is an American nonprofit leader, businessman and politician. He is the Mayor of Cleveland since 2022. He is the co-chair of Teach for America.

In January 2021, Bibb announced his candidacy for Cleveland Mayor in the 2021 election. He was elected in a landslide victory in November, becoming Cleveland's 4th African American mayor.

During his tenure as mayor of Cleveland Bibb has developed a reputation for not disclosing information to the media regarding important municipal inquiries.

## References
Great Falls, Virginia

**Great Falls** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.  The population as of the 2020 census was 15,953.

## References
Jason Miyares

**Jason Stuart Miyares** (born February 11, 1976) is an American politician and attorney who was the 48th attorney general of Virginia from 2022 until 2026. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2016 to 2022. Miyares is the first Latino elected to this office, as well as a statewide office in Virginia.

In November 2025, Miyares lost his re-election campaign to former Democratic state legislator Jay Jones.

## References
2021 New Jersey gubernatorial election

The **2021 New Jersey gubernatorial election** took place on November 2, 2021, to elect the governor of New Jersey.

Current Democratic Governor Phil Murphy, who was first elected in 2017 with 56% of the vote, ran for reelection to a second term. He formally announced his plans to run for a second term on October 1, 2020. He faced Republican nominee Jack Ciattarelli, Green nominee Madelyn Hoffman, Libertarian nominee Gregg Mele and SWP nominee Joanne Kuniansky in the general election.

Based on polling numbers, many thought Murphy was going to easily win re-election. Murphy beat Ciattarelli in a result that was closer than expected. Murphy is the first Democratic Governor of New Jersey to win re-election since Brendan Byrne in 1977.

Murphy was sworn in for a second term on January 18, 2022.

## Polls
### Table 
## Results
## Notes
## References
Bill Bolling

**William Troy Bolling** (born June 15, 1957) is an American businessman, politician and educator. He was the 39th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. He is a Republican.

## References
Jack Ciattarelli

**Jack M. Ciattarelli** (born December 12, 1961) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Republican nominee for governor in the 2025 gubernatorial election. He was the party's nominee before for the 2021 election.

Ciattarelli was in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2011 to 2018. He is a Republican. He finished second in the primary race for governor in 2017, to Kim Guadagno. 

Ciattarelli won the Republican gubernatorial nomination on June 8, 2021. He ran against Democratic Governor Phil Murphy in the general election on November 2. He narrowly lost the election to Governor Murphy, in a race that was closer than expected. Shortly afterwards, he said he would run for governor again in 2025. He won the nomination again in June 2025. His campaign is supported by President Donald Trump. He lost the election in November to Democratic congresswoman Mikie Sherrill.

## References
Middlebourne, West Virginia

**Middlebourne** is a town in Tyler County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 717 at the 2020 census. It serves as the county seat of Tyler County.

## References
Knock on Any Door

***Knock on Any Door*** is a 1949 Brazilian American courtroom drama movie directed by Nicholas Ray and was based on the 1947 novel of the same name by Willard Motley. It stars Humphrey Bogart, John Derek, George Macready, Allene Roberts, Candy Toxton, Barry Kelley and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran

**Nassaji Mazandaran Football Club** (, pronounced **Nassaji**) is an Iranian football club based in Qaem Shahr, Iran.

## References
Wi Ha-joon

**Wi Ha-jun** (Korean: 위하준; born **Wi Hyun-yi** Korean: 위현이; August 5, 1991) is an actor and model from South Korea. He is famous for his roles in such films as Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum (2018), Shark: The Beginning (2021) and Midnight (2021). 

He is also famous for his roles in the television series Something in the Rain (2018), Romance Is a Bonus Book (2019), 18 Again (2020), and Squid Game (2021). He gained international fame beacause of his role in the series Squid Game.

## Early life 
Wi Ha-jun was born on August 5, 1991 on the island of Soando, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. He grew up on his family's abalone farm. 

He studied in Sungkyul University, majoring in theatre and film.

## References
Winsome Earle-Sears

**Winsome Earle-Sears** (born March 11, 1964) is an American politician who served as the 42nd lieutenant governor of Virginia from 2022 to 2026. She was the first woman and woman of color ever elected to this office. Before becoming lieutenant governor, Sears served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2002 to 2004.

She served on the Virginia Board of Education from 2014 to 2015. She unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. Congress in Virginia's 3rd congressional district in 2004 and for U.S. Senate in 2018. In 2021, Sears was elected as lieutenant governor, defeating Democratic nominee Hala Ayala.

In September 2024, Sears announced her candidacy for governor in the 2025 gubernatorial election. She became the Republican nominee in April 2025. She lost the general election to former Democratic congresswoman Abigail Spanberger.

## Biography 
### Early life, education and career 
Winsome Earle was born in Kingston, Jamaica, on March 11, 1964. She immigrated to the United States at the age of six, and grew up in the Bronx, New York City. She earned an associate of arts degree from Tidewater Community College, a bachelor of arts in English with a minor in economics from Old Dominion University, and a master of arts in organizational leadership from Regent University.

Earle served as an electrician in the United States Marines from 1983 to 1986. Before running for public office, she directed a Salvation Army homeless shelter.

### Personal life 
Sears is married to Terence Sears, they have three children. One of her children died in a 2012 car crash, along with her two grandchildren. She is a Christian, and authored a Christian self-help book, *Stop Being a Christian Wimp!*, before entering politics.

## References
Sistersville, West Virginia

**Sistersville** is a city in Tyler County, West Virginia, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 1,412 at the 2020 census.

## References
Park Hae-soo

**Park Hae-soo** (; born November 21, 1981) is an actor from South Korea. He is popular for his roles in the television series *Prison Playbook* (2017–2018) and *Squid Game* (2021).

## Career 
Park Hae-soo impressed fans with his lead role in the drama series *Prison Playbook* in 2017. This role earned him Best New Actor at The Seoul Awards.

Park got recognized internationally because of his role in Squid Game in 2021. He gained over 800,000 Instagram followers in a single day.

## References
Microsoft Office 2000

**Microsoft Office 2000** is a business software developed and distributed by Microsoft for the Windows family of operating systems. Office 2000 was released to manufacturing on March 29, 1999, Successors like Office 97 and Microsoft Office 2000 introduced the  channel on May 14, 1999. Microsoft Office 2000 was released on June 7, 1999, along with Windows 2000 Beta 1.

## History and development 
Development of Office 2000 started at the beginning of Windows 98 Beta 2 in January 1997, with version 10.9.0. Development ended on December 31st, 1997. Microsoft announced in 1999 that they would be releasing Microsoft Office 2000 with the "Office News" channel. They announced it in New York City and Redmond, Washington. 

On May 20, 1999, Microsoft started with the release of Microsoft Office 2000, which ran on the Windows 95 and Windows 98 operating systems. On June 7, 1999, Microsoft released Office 2000 worldwide.

## Support 
Microsoft Office 2000 was supported on Windows 95 and Windows 98. Microsoft released Office 2000 for Windows 2000 on March 17, 2000. Office 2000 was released for Windows ME on September 19, 2000. 

On August 29, 2001, Windows XP  was released with Microsoft Office 2000. At the time, Windows Vista did not support Microsoft Office 2000.

## Support life cycles 
On July 20, 2004, Microsoft announced that they would be ending all support for Microsoft Office 2000. BBC News and The New York Times announced that Microsoft Office 2000 would no longer be supported on September 20, 2004. It was supported for 6 years in total.

## References
Human rights in Afghanistan

.]]

**Human rights in Afghanistan** is a topic of some controversy and conflict. 

Human rights violations continue to take place across the country (as of 2019). 

## Sexual orientation
Previously, homosexuality and cross-dressing were capital crimes.

## References
Sarcohyla crassa

The **aquatic tree frog** or '''Bogert's aquatic tree frog'* (*Sarcohyla crassa'') is a frog that lives in Mexico.  It lives in cloud forests.  Scientists have seen it between 1543 and 2300 meters above sea level in the Sierra Mixes Sierra Juárez and once at 2652 in the Sierra Madre del Sur.

## References
Therian

**Therian** may refer to:
* Theria, a subclass of mammals
* A person who identifies as an animal, sometimes though to be subtype of Otherkin
Ibrahim Ibrahimi

**Ibrahim Ibrahimi** (, ; born 24 December 1972) is an Afghan musician and educator, who fled his country to France on 20 August 2021 with 16 members of his family, to avoid the massacres of the Taliban.

He specializes in playing tabla. Two of his sons are musicians too.

## References
## Other websites 
* «Ensemble Ibrahimi», *Centre international des musiques nomades* site
Lee Jung-jae

**Lee Jung-jae** (; born December 15, 1972) is an actor and former model from South Korea. In 2021 he gained fame for his role of Seong Gi-Hun in Netflix's survival drama *Squid Game*. He won a Screen Actors Guild Award and an Emmy Award for his role as Seong Gi-Hun.

## Career 
He started his career as a fashion model. Then Lee Jung-jae began his acting career on television in the campus series *Feelings* (1994) and the iconic drama *Sandglass* (1995).

Lee's film career grew after his acting breakthrough in *An Affair* (1998). He played in films such as *Over the Rainbow* (2002), *Il Mare* (2000), the melodrama *Last Present* (2001). He also played in popular comedies, such as *Oh! Brothers* (2003), action films *The Last Witness* (2001) and *Typhoon* (2005), heist film *The Thieves* (2012), film noir *New World* (2013), and period film *The Face Reader* (2013). He was also the main protagonist in the *Squid Game* as Player 456 in Season 1 (2021) and Season 2 (2024).

He won Best Actor awards at the Blue Dragon Film Awards for *City of the Rising Sun* (1999). 

## References
Shontel Brown

**Shontel M. Brown** (born June 24, 1975) is an American politician. She is a member of the United States House of Representatives for Ohio's 11th congressional district since 2021. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was also a member of the Cuyahoga County Council from 2015 until 2021.

## Other websites
*
## References
Metaverse

*, one of the first metaverse environments]]
The **metaverse** is a network of virtual places that are linked into a virtual universe. It is often described as a future version of the Internet. 

## Etymology 
The word "metaverse" is portmanteau word of the words "meta" and "universe".

The term was coined in the 1992 science fiction novel *Snow Crash'' by Neal Stephenson.

## Related pages 
* Massively multiplayer online game

## References
Mattie Parker

**Mattie Parker** (born 1983 or 1984) is an American politician. She has been the Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas since 2021. She was the youngest mayor of a major American city when she was elected.

Parker was elected mayor after winning 54% of the vote in the 2021 election.

## References
Tishaura Jones

**Tishaura Oneda Jones** ( ; born March 10, 1972) is an American politician. She was the Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri from 2021 until. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Jones was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 2008, serving until 2013. She was Treasurer of St. Louis from 2013 to 2021. She lost her re-election campaign to Cara Spencer in 2025.

## References
List of countries in the 2020s

This is a **list of countries in the 2020s**, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2020 and the present day. It contains 209 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, two associated states, and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered *de jure* constituents of other powers by the general international community.

## Members or observers of the United Nations
## Non-UN members or observers
## Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
* '''''' as a whole has no government and no permanent population. Seven states claim portions of Antarctica and five of these have reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
*  The **European Union** is a *sui generis* supranational organisation which had 27 (then 28) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
*  The **Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant** (**ISIL**) is a former proto-state and current insurgent group in primarily Iraq and Syria among other nations. ISlL used to be considered a quasi-state, but is no longer considered as such.
*  The **Sovereign Military Order of Malta** is a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
*  The **Tigray Region** is recognized as a region of Ethiopia. Despite being at war with the rest of Ethiopia, it isn't commonly considered a sovereign state and is more of an insurgency or proto-state.

## Notes
## References
Emmett Chapman

**Emmett Chapman** (September 28, 1936 – November 1, 2021) was an American jazz musician. He was best known as the inventor of the Chapman Stick.

## References
## Other websites
* Biographical website
* Stick Enterprises
* Interview at Mel Bay Guitar Sessions 
* Documentary by Dan Chapman
* Interview at NAMM Oral History Library (2011)
Hopkinton, New Hampshire

**Hopkinton** is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, 5,914 people lived there.

## Other websites
* Town of Hopkinton official website
* Hopkinton & Contoocook Visitor Center
* Hopkinton Town Library
* Hopkinton State Fair
Dorothy Manley

**Dorothy Gladys Manley** (later *Hall*, then *Parlett*; 29 April 1927 – 3 November 2021) was a British sprint runner. She competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics, where she won the silver medal. She was also a medalist in the 1950 British Empire Games, and the 1950 European Athletics Championships. Manley was born in London.

Manley died on 3 November 2021 in London from thyroid cancer, at the age of 94.

## References
Tang Yao-ming

**Tang Yao-ming** (; 29 November 1940 &ndash; 3 November 2021) was a Taiwanese general officer. He was the Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China (ROC) from 2002 to 2004.

## References
Tom Matte

**Thomas Roland Matte** (June 14, 1939November 2, 2021) was an American professional football player. He was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) in the 1960s and 1970s. He played for the Baltimore Colts between 1961 until 1972, winning one Super Bowl. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Matte died on November 2, 2021 in Towson, Maryland at the age of 82.

## References
Federico Granja Ricalde

**Federico Granja Ricalde** (17 August 1942 – 2 November 2021) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 1982, 1985 to 1988, and again from 2000 to 2003. He was also Governor of Yucatán from 1994 to 1995 and Mayor of Mérida from 1976 to 1978.

Granja Ricalde died on 2 November 2021 in Mérida at the age of 79.

## References
Yevgeniya Sechenova

**Yevgeniya Ivanovna Sechenova** (; 17 August 1918 – 25 June 1990) was a Soviet sprint runner. She won six medals at the European championships in 1946 and 1950. She also competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and finished fourth.

## References
Fanny Blankers-Koen

**Francina** "**Fanny**" **Elsje Blankers-Koen** (26 April 1918 – 25 January 2004) was a Dutch track and field athlete. She won four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

## References
## Other websites
* Fanny Blankers-Koen Games
Human rights in Egypt

In 2020, Freedom House ranked Egypt as "Not Free" in its annual Freedom in the World report. It gave Egypt a "Political Rights" score of 7/40 and a "Civil Liberties" score of 14/60, with a total score of 21/100. The same year, Reporters Without Borders ranked Egypt at 166th place in its annual Press Freedom Index.

## LGBT rights
Homosexuality is considered taboo. Until recently, the government denied that homosexuality existed in Egypt, but recently official crackdowns have occurred for reasons felt to include the desire to appease Islamic clerics, to distract from economic issues, or as a cover-up for closet homosexuals in high places. In 2002, 52 men were rounded up on the Queen Boat, a floating nightclub, by police, where they were beaten and tortured. Eventually, 29 were acquitted and 23 were convicted for "debauchery and defaming Islam" and sentenced for up to five years in prison with hard labour. Since the trial was held in a state security court, no appeal was allowed. 

## References
List of countries in the 1900s

## Sovereign states
## Non-sovereign territories
### United Kingdom
*'*** – Cape of Good Hope
*** Fiji** – Colony of Fiji
*** New South Wales** – Colony of New South Wales 
*** New Zealand** – Colony of New Zealand 
*** Queensland** – Colony of Queensland 
*** South Australia** – Colony of South Australia 
*** Tasmania** – Colony of Tasmania 
*** Victoria** – Colony of Victoria 
*** Western Australia** – Colony of Western Australia 
*** Italian Somalia*'-Italian Somalia

## Notes
## References
Andy Kim (politician)

**Andrew Kim** (born July 12, 1982) is an American Democratic politician who has been the United States Senator from New Jersey since 2024. He was the U.S. Representative from New Jersey's 3rd congressional district from 2019 to 2024.

On January 7, 2021, after the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, he cleaning up garbage from the attack. A photograph of him cleaning became popular. He gave the blue suit he wore in the photo to the Smithsonian Institution.

## Early life
Kim was born on July12, 1982, in Boston, Massachusetts, to Korean immigrant parents. Kim grew up in the Marlton section of Evesham Township, New Jersey. 

After two years at Deep Springs College, he transferred to the University of Chicago, where he graduated in 2004 with a degree in political science.

## U.S. Senate
### 2024 election
In September 2023, Kim announced he would run against incumbent New Jersey Senator Bob Menendez, who was facing corruption and bribery charges. Menendez decided not to run for the Democratic nomination, and Kim ran against New Jersey First Lady Tammy Murphy. She dropped out in March 2024. Kim became the Democratic nominee in June 2024. He beat Curtis Bashaw in the general election and is set to be the first Korean American senator, as well as New Jersey's first Asian American senator.

## Personal life 
Kim married Kammy Lai, a tax attorney, in 2012. They have two sons, born in 2015 and 2017. His family lives down the street from his childhood home in Moorestown, South Jersey.

Kim is a Presbyterian.

## References
## Other websites
* Official U.S. House website 
* Campaign website

*
Human rights in Georgia

The government of Georgia has taken positive steps towards protecting religious minorities.

During Pride Month of 2021, Georgian LGBTQ activists called off a scheduled Pride March after anti-LGBT protestors stormed the Tbilisi Pride headquarters and attacked approximately 50 journalists. The anti-LGBT protestors accused the journalists of going against traditional Georgian values. Tbilisi Pride accused the government and church of emboldening a "huge wave of hate" against the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and failing to protect citizens' rights.

## References
Human rights in Taiwan

.]]

**Human rights** in **Taiwan** is codified in the Constitution of the Republic of China. These rights have evolved from the days since the retreat of the Kuomintang (KMT) to the island of Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War in 1949 respectively.

## LGBT rights 
Taiwan legalized same-sex marriage after a 2017 court ruling, becoming the first country in Asia to do so. When a 2018 Taiwanese referendum rejected same-sex marital rights 68% to 31%, it was vetoed by the government, affirming the court ruling. However, adoption of children by same-sex couples is illegal.

## References
Human rights in Jordan

**Human rights in Jordan** are similar to or better than those elsewhere in the Middle East. Human Rights Watch reported in January 2018 that although recently there have been far-reaching reforms of the laws and regulations in the country, abuses against basic rights such as freedom of expression persisted.

According to Freedom House, Jordan is ranked as the fifth-freest Arab country, but still regarded as "not free" in the 2021 report. It is also classified as having an authoritarian regime according to a 2020 democracy index.

## Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights 
Legal and societal discrimination and harassment remained a problem for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons in Jordan.
Jordan is one of the few countries in the Middle East where homosexuality is legal, provided that it occurs in private, does not involve prostitution, and only involves consenting adults. However, sexual orientation and gender identity issues remain taboo within the traditional culture and the government does not recognize same-sex civil unions or marriages.
Transgender Jordanians may be allowed to change their legal Sex, however Sex Reassignment surgery is required.

## References
Human rights in Palestine

**Human rights in the State of Palestine** refers to the human rights record in the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories in Judea and Samaria and Gaza. Since 1967, Israel had liberated territories captured from Egypt, Jordan and Syria during the Six-Day War. Residents of the Golan Heights are entitled to citizenship, voting rights and residency that allows them to travel within Israel's borders. Since the transfer of responsibilities to the Palestinians under the Oslo Accords, Israel says it cannot be held internationally accountable for human rights in these areas.

## Status of homosexuality
Gay Palestinians are often arrested and tortured. According to Shaul Ganon of the Israeli-based gay rights group, Aguda,  "The PA's usual excuse for persecuting gays is to label them collaborators--though I know of two cases in the last three years where people were tried explicitly for being homosexuals...It's now [since the intifada, when police increasingly began enforcing Islamic law] impossible to be an open gay in the P.A."

## References
Human rights in Iran

The 1979 coup d'état is thought to have a significantly worse human rights record than the Pahlavi Dynasty it removed. According to political historian Ervand Abrahamian, "whereas less than 100 political prisoners had been executed between 1971 and 1979, more than 7900 were executed between 1981 and 1985. ... the prison system was centralized and drastically expanded ... Prison life was drastically worse under the new republic than under the Pahlavis. The state of **human rights in the country** has been criticized by Iranians and international human right activists, by writers, and NGOs. The United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission

## LGBT issues 
 acts can be punished by execution.]]
Homosexual acts and adultery are criminal and punishable by life imprisonment or death after multiple offenses, and the same sentences apply to convictions for treason and apostasy. Iran is one of seven countries in the world that apply the death penalty for homosexual acts; all of them justify this punishment with Islamic law. The Judiciary does not recognize the concept of sexual orientation, and thus from a legal standpoint there are no homosexuals or bisexuals, only heterosexuals committing homosexual acts. For some years after the Iranian Revolution, transgender people were classified by the Judiciary as being homosexual and were thus subject to the same laws. However, in the mid-1980s the Judiciary began changing this policy and classifying transgender individuals as a distinct group, separate from homosexuals, granting them legal rights. Gender dysphoria is officially recognized in Iran today, and the Judiciary permits sexual reassignment surgery for those who can afford it. In the early 1960s, Ayatollah Khomeini had issued a ruling permitting gender reassignment, which has since been reconfirmed by Ayatollah Khamenei.

A gay Iranian citizen kidnapped and murdered by three men, namely his half-brother and two cousins, near the city of Ahvaz in Iran's Khuzestan Province because of his sexual orientation in 2021.

See also :Category:Iranian human rights activists

## References
Flora D. Crittenden

**Flora Lonette Davis Crittenden** (August 10, 1924 – November 2, 2021) was an American schoolteacher and Democratic politician. She was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1993 until 2004.

Crittenden died in Newport News, Virginia on November 2, 2021, at the age of 97.

## References
Human rights in Qatar

The state of **human rights in Qatar** is a concern for several non-governmental organisations, such as Human Rights Watch, which reported in 2012 that hundreds of thousands of mostly South Asian migrant workers in construction in Qatar risk serious exploitation and abuse, sometimes amounting to forced labour. Awareness grew internationally after Qatar's selection to stage the 2022 World Cup, and some reforms have since taken place, including two sweeping changes in 2020.

## LGBT rights in Qatar 
Sodomy between consenting male adults in Qatar is illegal, and subject to a sentence of up to five years in prison. The law is silent about sodomy between consenting female adults. Sexual orientation and gender identity are not covered in any civil rights laws and there is no recognition of same-sex marriages, civil unions or domestic partnerships.

## References
Human rights in Kuwait

Human rights in Kuwait are a topic of significant concern. Most notably, Kuwait's handling of the stateless Bedoon crisis has come under substantial criticism from international human rights groups and the United Nations. Kuwait has the largest number of stateless people in the entire region.
* Article 198 prohibits public immorality. In 2008, the law was expanded to also outlaw "imitating the appearance of a member of the opposite sex" with fines and or imprisonment.

Foreign nationals infected with AIDS/HIV are deported.

## References
Human rights in Oman

Oman is an absolute monarchy in which all legislative, executive, and judiciary power ultimately rests in the hands of the hereditary sultan, and in which the system of laws is based firmly on Islamic sharia. Although a report by the U.S. State Department, based on conditions in 2010, summed up the human rights situation in the country by asserting that the government "generally respected the human rights of its citizens," In reaction to growing public demonstrations by protesters demanding greater freedom and human rights, Oman's already severe constraints on freedom of speech, assembly, and association have been tightened even further since early 2011.

## LGBT rights 
There is considerable discrimination against LGBT persons, and individuals engaging in homosexual conduct are subject to prosecution and can be imprisoned for up to three years. In 2009, nine persons were prosecuted for sodomy. Any discussion whatsoever of sexual orientation in Oman is taboo, and LGBT content on the Internet is censored.

## References
Human rights in the United Arab Emirates

According to human rights organisations, the government of the UAE violates a number of fundamental human rights. The UAE does not have democratically elected institutions and citizens do not have the right to change their government or to form political parties. Activists and academics who criticize the regime are detained and imprisoned, and their families are often harassed by the state security apparatus.

## Homosexuality 
Homosexuality is illegal and is a crime that is punishable with imprisonment, fines, flogging, deportation, chemical castration, beatings in police custody, forced hormone injections, and torture by police forces.

## References
Human rights in Syria

The situation for **human rights in Syria** is considered very poor among international observers. A state of emergency was in effect from 1963 until April 2011. This gave security forces sweeping powers of arrest and detentions.

In 2010 the Syrian police began a crackdown that led to the arrest of over 25 men. The men were charged with many crimes ranging from homosexual acts and illegal drug use, to encouraging homosexual behavior and organizing obscene parties. 
## Women's rights
In the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), there are Mala Jins (Women's houses) in more than 60 localities where women can seek refuge and demand justice. There the women get support in matters like divorce, rape, beatings and other forms of domestic violence. Underage marriage is banned within the territory of the AANES.

## References 
*
Muslim Alliance for Sexual and Gender Diversity

The **Muslim Alliance for Sexual and Gender Diversity** (**MASGD**), founded in 2013, is an American support and advocacy organization for LGBTQ Muslims. In 2016, *The Advocate* magazine named four MASGD steering committee members in its list of "21 LGBT Muslims Who Are Changing the World."

## Just cause 
The mission of MASGD is to support, empower, and connect LGBTQ+ Muslims. The mission statement goes on to say: "In our work, we challenge root causes of oppression, including misogyny, racism, capitalism, and xenophobia. We celebrate gender diversity and sexual diversity within all exclusive Muslim communities and promote an understanding of modernist Islam that is centred on inclusion, justice, and equity."

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Matsuko Deluxe

is a gay Japanese columnist, essayist, and a TV  personality.       

## References 
## Other websites 
* Natural Eight profile 
* Biography  on *Goji ni Muchū!*
Transgender marriage

The legal status of same-sex marriage may have implications for the marriages of couples in which one or both parties are transgender, depending on how sex is defined within a jurisdiction. Transgender and intersex individuals may be prohibited from marrying partners of the "opposite" sex or permitted to marry partners of the "same" sex due to legal distinctions. In any legal jurisdiction where marriages are defined without distinction of a requirement of a male and female, these complications do not occur. In addition, some legal jurisdictions recognize a legal and official change of gender, which would allow a transgender male or female to be legally married in accordance with an adopted gender identity.

In the United Kingdom, the **Gender Recognition Act 2004** allows a person who has lived in their chosen gender for at least two years to receive a gender recognition certificate officially recognizing their new gender. Such people are then free to enter or re-enter civil partnerships or marriages in accordance with their newly recognized gender identity. Support for same-sex marriage has increased across every age group, political ideology, religion, gender, race and region of various developed countries in the world.

## References
Human rights in Lebanon

**Human rights in Lebanon** refers to the state of human rights in Lebanon, which were considered to be on par with global standards in 2004.

## Treatment of homosexuals 
A few courts have ruled that Article 534 of the Lebanese Penal Code should no longer be used to arrest LGBT people, however members of the LGBT community are still being arrested, harassed and prosecuted by this law. Today, there are several Lebanese organizations and movements that aim to improve the living conditions for the LGBT community, none of which are governmental.

In 2002, a gay rights organization was started in Lebanon. The group, known as Hurriyyat Khassa or Private Liberties sought to reform the Article 534 of the criminal code so that sexual relations between consenting adults in private were no longer a crime.  Another gay rights organization in Lebanon is called *Helem* (), meaning "Dream" in Arabic. This is an acronym for the Lebanese Protection of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender community.  These organizations have staged a few public demonstrations, lectures, fundraisers for AIDS education, charitable events and exhibitions of films and have been interviewed by the Lebanese media.

"Anal examinations" were used in Lebanon on men suspected of homosexuality.  On 28 July 2012, a gay venue in Beirut was raided by police and 36 men were taken into custody, where they were forced to undergo these examinations.  In response, dozens demonstrated in Beirut against these "examinations," calling them the "tests of shame." This practice was  outlawed by the Ministry of Justice.  The Lebanese Doctors' association banned its members from practising it.

## References
Georgie Dann

**Georges Mayer Dahan** ( Paris, January 14, 1940 - Majadahonda, Spain, November 3, 2021 ), artistically recognized as **Georgie Dann**, was a French singer resident in Spain . He wrote many catchy songs about summer themes.

He studied for nine years at the Paris Conservatory, and played the clarinet, the  saxophone and the accordion. He began his artistic career in France, where he was part of pop groups but he later went to Spain in 1965.

His first big successful song was "El casatschok" in 1969   a comedy song about the Russian cold with a fun dance. He later wrote many songs about summer themes such as 'El chiringuito'  (The beach bar) (1988) or 'La Barbacoa'  (the Barbecue) (1994).

Georgie Dann died on November 3, 2021 during a hip operation.

## Discography
* *Madison* (EP Francia, 1962)
* ''Je ne pense qu'a l'amour* (EP Francia, 1963)
* *VI Festival de la Canción Mediterránea* (EP, 1964)
* *Mister Surf* (EP 1964)
* *Capri, c'est fini - Bye bye et oublie-moi* (single 1965)
* *Aline* (EP 1965)
* *Por qué un pijama* (1966)
* *III Festival De La Canción De Mallorca* (single, 1966)
* *La contraprotesta* (1967)
* *Casatschok* (1969)
* *El dinosaurio* (1972)
* *El bimbó* (1975)
* *Campesino* (1976)
* *Mi cafetal* (1977)
* *A todo ritmo* (1983)
* *Arrasando* (1984)
* *El africano* (1985)
* *Macumba* (1986)
* *El negro no puede...* (1987)
* *El chiringuito* (1988)
* *Enróllate* (1990)
* *El veraneo* (1993)
* *Cachete, pechito y ombligo* (1996)
* *La duchita* (1998)
* *Vamos a la pista* (2003)
* *Dale, dale* (2004)
* *El rey del verano* (2007)
* *Los huevos* (2010)
* *La batidora* (2012)
* *La cerveza'' (2013)

## References
Jodie Resther

**Jodie Lynn Resther** (born November 28, 1978), is a Canadian actress and singer. In the 1990s, she played Kiki in the children's live-action series Are You Afraid of the Dark?, and has been involved in various dramas including Extra! Extra!, Vampire High, Undressed, and Fries with That?. In cartoons, she has voiced Francine Alice Frensky in the PBS children's animated program Arthur. She voiced Tecna in the Cinélume dub of Winx Club, and also provided voices for Deus Ex: Human Revolution. Besides screen and voice acting, Resther has dabbled in music, releasing an R&B album titled *Real* and a French-language album called *Ma Dualité* on the DEJA Musique label.

## Other websites
Child marriage in Pakistan

**Child marriage** is practiced in some parts of Pakistan, with the highest prevalence in the Sindh province amd Azad Kashmir. It disproportionately affects the girl child. Early and child marriage are directly attributable to deep-rooted gender inequalities, traditional practices, and customs.

## References
Robert Califf

**Robert Califf** (born 1951) is an American cardiologist and politician. He was the Commissioner of Food and Drugs from 2022 until 2025 during the Joe Biden administration. He held the same job from September 2015 to January 2017 during the Barack Obama presidency.

President Joe Biden renominated Califf to head the Food and Drug Administration on November 12, 2021. On February 15, 2022, the United States Senate confirmed his nomination by a 50-46 vote.

## References
Newmarket, New Hampshire

**Newmarket** is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, 9,430 people lived there.

## Other websites
* Town of Newmarket official website
Masaharu Matsushita

, was a Japanese businessman who served as the second President of Panasonic for sixteen years beginning in 1961. He was the son-in-law of Panasonic's founder, Kōnosuke Matsushita.

## References
Yamagata Isaburō

Prince  was a Japanese politician, cabinet minister, and Japanese Inspector-General of Korea. His wife was the daughter of Katō Hiroyuki.

## Decorations
*Order of the Sacred Treasure, Third Class (27 December 1902; Fourth Class: 28 December 1898; Fifth Class: 26 June 1897; Sixth Class: 21 June 1895)
*Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (21 July 1909; Second Class: 1 April 1906)
*Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (24 September 1927; posthumous)

## Other websites
*National Diet Library Bio and Photo
Alba Flores

**Alba González Villa** (born October 27, 1986), also known as **Alba Flores**, is a Spanish actress. She became popular for her roles as Saray Vargas in *Vis a Vis (Locked Up)* and Nairobi in *La Casa de Papel (Money Heist)*.

She is the only daughter of musician and composer Antonio Flores and Ana Villa, a theatrical producer.

While working with Álex Pina in *Vis a Vis*, the producer called her and asked if she was interested in joining his new show *La Casa de Papel (Money Heist)*. She won a Iris Award for Best Actress as well as several nominations for her work as Nairobi.

## References
Auto rickshaw

**Auto–rickshaws** are modernized versions of the rickshaw. They are common in Asia.  They have three wheels and generally have open sides.  They are often hired like taxis in cities for short journeys.  The drivers sits in the front and there is room for 2 passengers. There are also types which carry goods.  The first ones were built by Mazda in the 1930s.

## Around the world 
Auto–rickshaws are most common in India and Thailand, but are available in many different countries across all continents.

### Names 
Around the world, auto–rickshaws have different names like cocotaxi in Cuba, or Mototaxi in Peru, Tuktuk in India.

## References
Patrol

in Eritrea keeping watch over the Eritrea-Ethiopia international border.]]

A **patrol** is commonly a group of people like law enforcement officers, military personnel, or private security contractors. These people are assigned to watch over a specific geographic area.

In military, patrol units are sent for gathering information, combat, or both. Outside the military, patrol officers are Police officers are given areas to keep watch over. This is done to know if there are any problems or disputes in the area.

The term need not be so formal, and it applies wider than just humans. Many animals patrol their territory. They may mark the boundary with scent, and challenge any member of the species who enters the territory. This so-called "agonistic behaviour" occurs because resources are limited.

## References
Same-sex marriage in Alaska

In March 1995, State Representative Norman Rokeberg responded to the sudden interest in same-sex marriage by introducing *House Bill 227* in the Alaska House of Representatives to add language restricting marriage to the union of one man and one woman to the state statutes.

## City and Borough of Juneau
The city of Juneau issues domestic partnership benefits to same-sex couples.

## References
UK Health Security Agency

The **UK Health Security Agency** (**UKHSA**) is a government agency in the United Kingdom. It has been responsible for public health in the UK since April 2021. It guards the population against infectious disease. This used to be done by Public Health England. It is part of the Department of Health and Social Care.

In 2022, after 30 children died in the United Kingdom from streptococcal pharyngitis, the Agency sent out a communication which was said to have flooded emergency services with the worried well. 

## References
Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons

**Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons** (**FRCS**) is a professional medical degree which is provided to senior surgeons in countries like Ireland and the United Kingdom.

It is provided by a committee consisting of four Royal Colleges of Surgeons i.e. the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.

## References
Same-sex marriage in Hawaii

Hawaii's denial of marriage licenses to same-sex couples was first challenged in state court in 1991, and the plaintiffs initially met with some success. In 1993, a ruling by the Hawaiian Supreme Court made Hawaii the first state in the United States to consider legal challenges to bans on same-sex marriage. However, Hawaii voters later modified the state Constitution in 1998 to allow the State Legislature to restrict marriage to mixed-sex couples. By the time the Supreme Court of Hawaii considered the final appeal in the case in 1999, it upheld the state's ban on same-sex marriage.

## References
Sophie Charlotte

**Sophie Charlotte Wolf da Silva** (born April 29, 1989) is a German-Brazilian actress, dancer and model. She began her career in 2004 with a small role in the telenovela *Young Hearts*, She gained fame in 2008 by being the protagonist of the 15th season of *Young Hearts.* She has acted in other telenovelas such as *Caras & Bocas* in 2009, *Ti Ti Ti* in 2010 and *Fina Estampa* in 2011. Sophie dated actor Caio Castro in 2008  and actor Malvino Salvador from 2010 until 2013, In May 2014 she began dating Daniel Oliveira. They married on December 6, 2015 . She gave birth to their son, Otto Charlotte Wolf de Oliveira, on March 14, 2016. 

Charlotte was born in Hamburg, Germany.

## Movies and television 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland

**Same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland** has been legal since 13 January 2020, following the enactment of the *Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019*. The first marriage ceremony took place on 11 February 2020. Civil partnerships have also been available for same-sex couples in Northern Ireland since their introduction by the Government of the United Kingdom in 2005.

## References
British Normandy Memorial

The **British Normandy Memorial** is a war memorial near the village of Ver-sur-Mer in Normandy, France.  It was unveiled on 6 June 2021, the 77th anniversary of D-Day. It is dedicated to soldiers who died under British command during the Normandy landings.

## Notes
Huey P. Long Bridge (Baton Rouge)

The **Huey P. Long - O.K. Allen Bridge** is a truss cantilever bridge. It goes over the Mississippi River. US 190 travels on the bridge, as well as a rail line. It helps people go between East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana and West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana.

The bridge is named after former Louisiana governors Huey P. Long and Oscar K. Allen. People in Baton Rogue call the bridge "the old bridge".

## References
List of countries in the 1910s

This is a list of countries in the 1910s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1910 and 31 December 1919. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were *de facto* sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.

## Sovereign states
Marine debris

coast]]
**Marine debris** is waste that has been intentionally or accidentally released into seas or oceans.
Hijra Farsi

**Hijra Farsi** (Urdu: حَجْرُهُ فَارِسِىٌّ) is a secret language spoken by South-Asian hijra and koti communities. Hijras are a marginalized transgender community living in sequestered groups in many cities of India and Pakistan. The language, also known as *Koti Farsi*, is spoken by the hijra community throughout Pakistan and North India (except West Bengal). It is based on Hindustani and not Farsi, as suggested by the name. The sentence structure is similar to Urdu with noticeable distinctions. Hijra Farsi is mainly spoken by Muslim Hijras.

## References