open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bondar

**Bondar** can be

## Places
Bondar, Iran can be

* Bondar, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province
* Bondar, Minab, Hormozgan Province
* Bondar Rural District, in Hormozgan Province

* Bondar, Isfahan, a village in Fereydunshahr County

* Bondar-e Gavsin, Kerman Province
* Bondar-e Geshkin, Kerman Province
* Bondar, Kerman, Kerman Province
* Bondar Ziaratgah, Kerman Province

* Bondar-e Olya, Mazandaran Province
* Bondar-e Sofla, Mazandaran Province

* Bon Dar, Yazd Province

## People
*Aleksandr Bondar, several noted people
*Carin Bondar, biologist
*Gregório Bondar, entomologist
*Igor Bondar, poet
*Ksenia Bondar
*Roberta Bondar (born 1945), Canadian astronaut
*Viktor Bondar (born 1975), Ukrainian politician and statesman, Minister of Transport and Communication
*Bondar (surname), Ukrainian surname

## Other
*Bondar (dance), Ukrainian folk dance
Sol Plaatje Dam bus crash

The **Sol Plaatje Dam bus crash** was a bus crash that happened on 1 May 2003 in South Africa. a bus drove into the Saulspoort Dam near the town of Bethlehem, South Africa, 51 people were killed.

## Overview 
The bus was taking trade union delegates to May Day celebrations in QwaQwa in the Free State. The bus was going through Bethlehem in the dark and driver became disoriented . the driver went on an unlit gravel path, which led straight onto a jetty into the Saulspoort Dam. The bus was traveling too fast to stop and it drove straight into the water.

Because of the remote location of the accident and the poor safety standards on the bus, only ten people escaped the bus alive. The bus sank quickly, the passengers were stuck underwater inside the bus. Police did not come until the next morning after being told by survivors, The police recovered the bodies of the dead people and they pulled the bus out of the dam.

## Aftermath 
President Thabo Mbeki held a minute's silence for the dead at his May Day speech the next day, and the dead were buried together in a mass funeral at West End (Weseinde) cemetery in Kimberley.

On 1 April 2005, the dam was renamed to the Sol Plaatje Dam.

On 30 November 2003, Leonard Slabbert, who used a boat to rescue the survivors, was awarded the Mendi Decoration for Bravery.

## References 
## Other websites 
* SMH News Report
* News Report on Aftermath
Beach Haven, New Zealand

**Beach Haven** is a suburb located in the North Shore, Auckland. It was originally a small area of holiday homes in the large suburb of Birkdale. The area grew rapidly after the Auckland Harbour Bridge was built in 1769 and has three primary school situated in the suburb.

## References
Rail transport in the United Kingdom

There are two independent parts to the rail network in the United Kingdom. Since 1994 Great Britain has been connected to mainland Europe via the Channel Tunnel. The network of Northern Ireland is connected to the Republic of Ireland. The National Rail network is  in Great Britain and 189&nbsp;route&nbsp;miles (303&nbsp;route&nbsp;km) in Northern Ireland. It  carried 1.7&nbsp;billion passengers and 110 million tonnes of freight in 2018.

Urban rail networks are also well developed in London and several other cities. There were once over  of rail network in the UK. The UK was ranked eighth among national European rail systems in the 2017 European Railway Performance Index. That  assessed intensity of use, quality of service and safety.

The rail network in Great Britain is the oldest network in the world. There are five high-speed main lines: the West Coast, East Coast, Midland, Great Western and Great Eastern. They go out from London and other big cities. 

The Covid pandemic made most people stop using the trains. The government had to take over most of the privatised operators in 2020.  The rail franchising system was abolished. The rail companies became contractors. They run services on  a timetable set by the government. There have been many strikes. 5% of trains were cancelled in the last quarter of 2023. Passenger numbers were 82% of 2019 numbers by the end of 2023.  More than £52 billion was spent by the government on rail services between April 2020 and March 2023.

## References
2024 Mmamatlakala bus crash

On 28 March 2024, a bus crashed near Mmamatlakala in Limpopo, South Africa. 45 people were killed and an eight-year-old girl survived, who had serious injuries. According to the South African Department of Transport, the incident happened when the driver lost control of the bus. The bus went over the Mma Matlakala Bridge, and then caught on fire.

## References 
## Other websites
* Bus plunges from bridge into ravine in South Africa – video (video of the aftermath of the crash by *The Guardian*)
ItWasntEnough

***ItWasntEnough*** is the eighth extended play by American rapper, XXXTentacion. *ItWasntEnough* was first released on March 18, 2016 on X's SoundCloud. It was later re-released  through Columbia on September 8, 2023 for streaming services. The EP is a short version of a mixtape called ***ItWillAllBeOverSoon*** but the original was unfinished and cancelled. 

On September 5, 2023, the album was announced by X's estate on his Instagram along with the tracklisting and release date.

On *ItWasntEnough*, X raps and sings about topics like depression, suicide, and regrets for the things he has done.

## Songs
## References
Stree 2

***Stree 2: Sarkate Ka Aatank*** (transl. Woman 2: The Terror of the Headless) is a 2024 Hindi-language comedy horror movie directed by Amar Kaushik, written by Niren Bhatt, and produced jointly by Maddock Films and Jio Studios. The movie stars *Rajkummar Rao, Shraddha Kapoor, Pankaj Tripathi, Abhishek Banerjee and Aparshakti Khurana*. It is the sequel to movie *Stree* (2018).

## Cast 
* Rajkummar Rao as Vicky
* Shraddha Kapoor as a phantasm with no name
* Pankaj Tripathi as Rudra, a paranologist
* Abhishek Banerjee as Jana, Vicky's friend
* Aparshakti Khurana as Bittu, Vicky’s friend
* Atul Srivastava as Vicky's father
* Mushtaq Khan as MLA
* Sunita Rajwar as Jana's mother
* Arvind Bilgaiyan as Jana's father
* Anya Singh as Chitti
* Bhoomi Rajgor as Stree
* Sunil Kumar as Sarkata
* Aakash Dabhade as Narendra, Jana's friend
* Simran Sharma as Mamata, Narendra's wife
* Ajay Pal as Postman
* Mustaqeem Khan as Durga
* Badriprasad Chavan as Lokesh
* Vipasha Arvind as Anju Bhabhi
* Tamannaah Bhatia as Shama (special appearance in the song "Aaj Ki Raat")
* Amar Kaushik (cameo in the song "Aaj Ki Raat")
* Akshay Kumar (special appearance)

## Release 
### Theatrical 
*Stree 2* was originally scheduled for a worldwide theatrical release on 30 August 2024 but was later rescheduled to premiere on Independence Day 2024.

### Home media 
The movie will premiere on Amazon Prime  after its theatrical run.

## Music 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Revenge (mixtape)

***Revenge*** is the second and last mixtape by American rapper, XXXTentacion. *Revenge* was released on May 16, 2017. It was released by Empire. 

On *Revenge*, X had features from artists like his best friend Ski Mask the Slump God, Kin$oul, and Killstation. The song "Looking for a Star" is produced by American producer Diplo.

When the album first came out, it would debut at #76 on the *Billboard* 200 and would peak at #44. When X was murdered in 2018, the mixtape re-entered the charts and would peak at #28. *Revenge* has become Gold since it's release.

The album featured the single "Look at Me". It is the song that helped bring attention to XXXTentacion and his career.

## Songs
## References
Aries

**Aries** may refer to:
*Aries (astrology), an astrological sign
*Aries (constellation), a constellation in the zodiac

## Related pages
1933 Spanish general election

The **1933 Spanish general election** was an election held on 19 November 1933 during the Second Republic. The right increased its share of votes and won against the governing left-wing coalition.

Before these elections the Spanish Constitution of 1931 was approved, which recognized the right of women to vote. These were the first elections in the history of Spain in which women voted.

## Notes
A Ghetto Christmas Carol

***A Ghetto Christmas Carol*** is the tenth and last extended play by American rapper, XXXTentacion. *A Ghetto Christmas Carol* was released on December 11, 2017 and was a Christmas album.

The song "Hate Will Never Win" is a protest song against then-President Donald Trump and features voice clips of Trump talking about the Charlottesville car attack, where he said there was "very fine people on both sides". The song also features the instrumental from the song "Life" by producer J Dilla.

## Songs
## References
I Ain't Gonna Stand for It

"'''I Ain't Gonna Stand for It'*" is a 1980 song by Stevie Wonder and is the second single from his 19th studio album *Hotter than July*. It went to number 11 in the United States, number 10 in the United Kingdom, number 50 in Germany, number 29 in the Netherlands, number 9 in Canada, number 2 in New Zealand and number 61 in Australia. It was covered by Eric Clapton in 2001 as the leading single from his 14th studio album *Reptile'' and went to number 63 in Switzerland.

## References
Ewald

**Ewald** can be

## People
### Surnames
*Douglas Ewald (d. 2021), American politician and consultant
*Carl Anton Ewald (d. 1915), pioneering German gastroenterologist
*Johann Ewald (d. 1813), Danish general and veteran of the American Revolutionary War
*Johannes Ewald (d. 1781), Danish playwright and poet
*Heinrich Ewald (d. 1875), German orientalist and theologian
*Paul Peter Ewald (d. 1985), German physicist, pioneer of X-ray diffraction and crystallography
*Paul W. Ewald (born 1953), evolutionary biologist specializing in the evolution of infectious disease
*Reinhold Ewald (born 1956), German astronaut
*Victor Ewald (d. 1935), Russian composer
*Wendy Ewald (born 1951), American photographer and educator

### Given names
*Either of the Two Ewalds, saints in Old Saxony about 692
*Ewald Krolis (d. 2006), Surinamese kaseko singer
*Ewald Lienen (born 1953)
*Ewald Schurer (d. 2017)
*Ewald Stadler (born 1961), Austrian politician
*Ewald von Kleist (d. 1954), German field marshal during World War II
*Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin (d. 2013)
*Ewald von Lochow (d. 1942), Prussian officer and later General of Infantry during World War I, recipient of Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves
*Ewald von Demandowsky (d. 1946), German film producer who held the office of a Nazi German Reichsfilmdramaturg and was head of production at the Tobis Film company in the Third Reich
*Ewald Weibel (d. 2019)

## Concepts
*Ewald's sphere (named after Paul Peter Ewald), a geometric construct used in crystallography  
*Ewald summation (named after Paul Peter Ewald), a method for computing the interaction energies of periodic systems

*
Vice News

**Vice News** (stylized as **VICE News**) is Vice Media's other channel that focuses on sharing news differently. It makes short documentary-style videos and longer films that are shown on its website and YouTube channel every day.

## References
Psychology Today

***Psychology Today*** is an American media organization that provides information about psychology and how people behave. It started as a magazine that came out every two months in 1967. ***Psychology Today*** is now a website that also offers lists of therapists and health experts, along with hundreds of blog posts. These posts are written by different professions, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, doctors, therapists who specialize in marriage and family, anthropologists, sociologists, and journalists who write about science. 

## References
Jezebel (website)

***Jezebel*** is a website from the United States that shares news and opinions about culture with a focus on women's interests. It started in 2007 by Gawker Media, with Anna Holmes as its first editor. The website aims to offer feminist views, often supporting women's rights and equality, as an alternative to traditional women's magazines.

## References
Junkee

**Junkee.com** is an Australian website that talks about popular culture and news. It is managed by a company called Junkee Media. The website writes about many different topics such as movies, university life, food, TV shows, politics, travel, jobs, health, and things happening on the Internet. It is mainly aimed at people who are between 18 and 29 years old.

## References
The Daily Dot

***The Daily Dot*** is a digital media company that writes about Internet culture and what happens on it. Nicholas White started it in 2011, and its main office is in Austin, Texas. ***The Daily Dot*** writes about a variety of topics, including online movies and shows, geek culture, memes, new technology devices, and important social topics like LGBT rights and race.

## References
Observer–Reporter

The ***Observer–Reporter*** is a daily newspaper that reports news from Washington County, Greene County, and the Mon Valley area in Pennsylvania. It also covers some news from the South Hills area of Pittsburgh. The newspaper is made by the Observer Publishing Company, which is based in Washington, Pennsylvania.

## References
The Week

***The Week*** is a weekly news magazine that has versions in the United Kingdom and the United States. The UK version started in 1995 and the US version in 2001. There was also an Australian version from 2008 to 2012. There's a special version for children called *The Week Junior*. It has been available in the UK since 2015 and in the US since 2020.

## References
Thought Catalog

***Thought Catalog*** is a website that started in 2010. It was created by Chris Lavergne, an American entrepreneur and expert in media. The Thought & Expression Company owns it. Every month, about 6.6 million different people visit the site.

## References
Quartz (publication)

***Quartz*** is an American news website owned by G/O Media. The website, which shares international business news, started in 2012 in New York City. Atlantic Media created it to be a news source on the internet for business people who are new to global economy 

## References
Joker: Folie à Deux

***Joker: Folie à Deux*** is an American musical psychological thriller movie. It premiered on September 4, 2024 and was released on October 4, 2024 in North America. It is the sequel to the 2019 movie *Joker*. It was directed by Todd Phillips, who also directed the last movie. The movie is not a part of the main DC Universe (DCU).

Principal photography for the movie started in Los Angeles on December 10, 2022 and ended on April 5, 2023. Filming also took place in New York with a scene taking place at the Joker Stairs.

The film has an average of 45/100 on Metacritic, meaning "mixed or average reviews," along with a 33% on Rotten Tomatoes.

On September 27, 2024, Gaga released the album *Harlequin*, meant to be a "companion album" to the movie but not the soundtrack. The soundtrack was released on October 4 with the film.
## Synopsis 
The film captures Fleck (played by Phoenix)'s trial for his murder of five people (later revealed to be six, including Fleck's mother). Upon signing up for a music class within prison, he is introduced to Lee (Gaga). Lee claims she was institutionalized by her mother and set fire to her parents' apartment. However, Fleck's lawyer, Maryanne Stewart (Keener) does not trust Lee and later reveals to Fleck that Lee may be lying. Fleck and Lee later become intimate in prison, and Lee reveals she is pregnant. The plot unfolds with Fleck and Lee duetting big band standards together and Fleck appreciating his love for music. A final verdict for Fleck's crimes as Joker determines his fate.

## Cast 
* Joaquin Phoenix as Arthur Fleck / Joker
* Willem Dafoe as Criminal Joker
* Bill Skarsgård as Clown Joker
* Diora Baird as Dr. Harleen Quinzel / Lee
* Zazie Beetz as Sophie Dumond
* Catherine Keener as Maryanne Stewart
* Bradley Cooper as Harvey Dent / Two-Face
* Nathan Lane as Oswald Cobblepot / The Penguin
* Steve Coogan as Paddy Meyers
* Daniel Radcliffe as Jim Gordon
* Christian Bale as Batman / Bruce Wayne

## References
## Other websites
*
Salwan Momika

**Salwan Momika** (23 June 1986 &ndash; 29 January 2025) was a refugee from Iraq who criticizes Islam and is well known for burning the Qur'an in front of many people. He was born a Christian in Iraq but says he is a atheist. He came to Sweden after he fought against Daesh by joining the Popular Mobilization Forces. There have been videos of him pledging allegiance to the Imam Ali Brigades, in military clothes. 

## Assassination 
On 29 January 2025, Monika was gunned down at his home in Södertälje, Sweden during a TikTok livestream. He was 38 years old. He was 38 years old.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Salon.com

***Salon*** is an American website that started in 1995. It has a liberal and progressive political viewpoint. The website shares articles about U.S. politics, culture, and what is happening now.

## References
Los Angeles Daily News

The ***Los Angeles Daily News*** is a newspaper from Los Angeles, California. It has the second-highest number of copies sold each day in Los Angeles, coming after the *Los Angeles Times*. It is the main newspaper of the Southern California News Group.

## References
These Days (Brian Kennedy song)

"**These Days**" is a 1999 song by Brian Kennedy featuring Ronan Keating. It was taken from Kennedy's studio album *Now That I Know What I Want* and went to number 4 in Ireland.

## Track listing
**CD single**
# "These Days" - 4:04
# "I'll Be Waiting" - 3:28
# "Under Irish Stars" - 3:56
# "Interview with Brian Kennedy and Ronan Keating" - 3:29

## References
Khomeinism

**Khomeinism** is a term used to refer to the ideas of Khomeini who was the supreme leader of Iran and the one who planned the Iranian Revolution. It can be used to refer to Twelverist militant groups such Hizbullah and Ansar Allah. The terms Khomeinist and Khomeinists have also been used by supporters of the ideas of Khomeini especially in Lebanon and Iraq. 

Under the leadership of Khomeini, the monarchy was replaced with theocracy under Twelverist interpretations of Islamic law. Khomeini would influence Shi'ism majorly by reforming Islamic views such as rebelling against rulers and instead of saying to wait for the Mahdi, he said to start to pave the way for the Mahdi's apperance.

## References
Delta Delta Delta

**Delta Delta Delta** ('***), also known as **Tri Delta*', is a global women's sorority that started on November 27, 1888, at Boston University. It was founded by Sarah Ida Shaw, Eleanor Dorcas Pond, Isabel Morgan Breed, and Florence Isabelle Stewart. It is part of college Greek life, which also includes fraternities.

## References
Alpha Phi

'''Alpha Phi International Women's Fraternity** (****, also known as **APhi''') is an international sorority that has 175 active chapters around the world. It has more than 270,000 members who have joined since it started.

## References
Tegut

**Tegut** is a Swiss-owned supermarket company.  It is based in Fulda, Germany. It has 275 stores in Hesse, Thuringia, Bavaria, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony-Anhalt, Lower Saxony and Baden-Württemberg. In early January 2013, it was bought by Migros.

## History
### 1940s
The company was founded in 1947 by Theo Gutberlet under the name *Thegu*, derived from the first letters of his first and surname. It was later renamed in 1955 to *Tegut*. From 1961, the bigger supermarkets were called *HaWeGe*.

### 1970
In 1972, Tegut set up a subsidiary called *kff Kurhessische Fleischwaren GmbH*, which still produces Tegut's meat products. From 1973, the smaller stores were called  *Okay!*

### 1980s
In 1989, the company was transferred to a foundation which appoints the managing directors. 

### 1990s
In 1997, Tegut was the first grocer in Germany to accept credit card payments. In 1998, the company changed its name again to Tegut. It founded the Herzberger Bakery in 1996 as a subsidiary. With the *Lädchen für alles* (small shop for everything) concept, Tegut took up the idea of the corner shop in 2010. They set up smaller shops in the countryside and urban district to provide local supplies in smaller communities.

### 2020s
In 2024, it had about 300 traditional supermarkets and 40 fully automated mini-shops. In the automated shops people serve themselves.  They have milk, butter, fresh fruit and vegetables. They also have condoms and pregnancy tests.  The company says that they should be allowed to open on Sundays as nobody works there on Sundays.  The German constitution says that most shops must shut on Sundays.  

## References
Flag of Colima

The **State Flag of Colima** has a white background with the state arm of coat.

## Related pages
* List of Mexican flags

## References
The Argus (Brighton)

***The Argus*** is a newspaper found in Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England. It also has versions for other areas in East Sussex and West Sussex. The newspaper reports on local events, politics, and sports.

## References
State University of Yogyakarta

**State University of Yogyakarta** (or **Yogyakarta State University**; , abbreviated as **UNY)** is one of public-state university in Indonesia. UNY was previously part of a faculty at Gadjah Mada University which eventually formed a separate institution called the Yogyakarta Teacher Training and Education Institute (IKIP Yogyakarta).  UNY has also been considered one of the best educational institutions in Indonesia, along with the Indonesia University of Education and the State University of Malang.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website (English version)
English Open (snooker)

The **English Open** is a snooker tournament. The current champion is Neil Robertson.

## History
On 29 April 2015, World Snooker chairman Barry Hearn said that an event called the "English Open" would be held for the first time in 2016. It would be part of a new Home Nations Series. This was with the Welsh Open, Northern Ireland Open and Scottish Open tournaments. The winner of the event is given the Steve Davis Trophy.

The first event took place between 10 and 16 October 2016, and was won by Liang Wenbo.

## Winners
## References
Akbayan

The '''Akbayan Citizens' Action Party**, better known as **Akbayan''' (), is a democratic socialist and progressive political party in the Philippines. Akbayan is noted as a leading member of the progressive movement in the Philippines, having been formed in 1998 by a variety of progressive political organizations.

## Sources
Paul Vogt

**Paul Vogt** (born 5 April 1952) is a historian and politician from Liechtenstein was a member of the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1993 to 2009.

He is married and has two children.

## References
The Great Hip Hop Hoax

***The Great Hip Hop Hoax*** is a documentary by Jeanie Finlay. It is about Silibil N' Brains, a Scottish hip-hop duo who pretended to be Americans to earn a £250,000 record deal with Sony. The film was first shown at South by Southwest and then the Edinburgh International Film Festival before being shown at Scottish cinemas and on BBC Two Scotland and BBC Four, as well as DR2 in Denmark. It was pitched at Sheffield Doc/Fest's MeetMarket in 2008.

## Reception
The film got positive reviews. Both members of Silibil 'N Brains like the film but find it "bizarre" to watch with other people.

## References
## Other websites
*www.hiphophoax.com The Great Hip-Hop Hoax official site
*
*
Roseland, New Jersey

**Roseland** is a borough in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, 6,299 people lived here.

## References
Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh

**Mahmoud Abdel Raouf Muhammad Al-Mabhouh** () born 14 February 1960, Jabalia Camp - 19 January 2010, Dubai, one of the leaders of the al-Qassam Brigades (military wing of the Hamas movement). Israel considers him responsible for the kidnapping and killing of two Israeli soldiers during the first Palestinian Intifada and responsible for smuggling weapons from Iran to the Gaza Strip. He was assassinated in Dubai.

Lieutenant general Dhahi Khalfan Tamim, Chief of the Dubai Police Force, announced on 18 February 2010 that, "Our investigations reveal that Mossad was definitely involved in the murder of al-Mabhouh ... It is 99% if not 100% that Mossad is standing behind the murder."

## Related pages 
* 
* Saleh al-Arouri

## References
List of leaders of Luxembourg

From the promulgation of the first constitution, in 1848, until the early twentieth century, Luxembourgish politics was dominated by independent politicians and statesmen.
## Prime ministers from 1848 to 1890
The Kingdom of the Netherlands shared the same monarchs with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg from 1815 to 1890. The Grand Duchy has had its own monarchs since 1890.
## House of Nassau-Weilburg
## References
1936 Spanish general election

The **1936 Spanish general election** was an election held on February 16 1936 during the Second Republic. It took place in several rounds. It resulted in a victory for the Popular Front, a coalition of the main left-wing parties.

This was the last election of the Second Republic before the Spanish Civil War began a few months later, and there was already tension between the left and the right.

## Notes
Gracixalus quyeti

'''Quyet's bush frog'* (*Gracixalus quyeti*) is a frog.  It lives in Vietnam in Phong Nha–Ke Bang National Park and in Laos in Hin Nam No National Protected Area and Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area. People have seen this frog between 300 and 1100 meters above sea level.

*G. quyeti'' is smaller than most other frogs in the family Rhacophoridae.  It has a triangle-shaped spot between its eyes. The skin of the frog's back is dark brown in color with a Y-shaped mark. There is some yellow-white color on the chest, with brown marks.

This frog lives in evergreen forests in low places, evergreen forests on hills, and forests where there is much karst rock in the ground.  Scientists think the female frog lays eggs on leaves over water and that tadpoles swim in the water, but they are not sure.

Scientists believe this frog is in some danger of dying out. Human beings change the places where the frog lives to build roads and farms and to get things from the forest.

## References
2015 Spanish general election

The **2015 Spanish general election** was held on Sunday, 20 December 2015, to elect the 11th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate.

This election represented the end of the two-party system in Spain, as the new parties Podemos and Ciudadanos appeared. The result was a fragmented parliament in which no party had a majority.

## Notes
National League North

The **National League North** is a league in the 6th tier of English football. It shares the 6th tier with the National League South. Teams from this league can be promoted to the English National League.

Tamworth were the champions in the 2023–24 season, and Boston United won the play-offs.

## History
The division was created in 2004, as a lower division of the Football Conference. Back then it was called the Conference North. The Conference South was also created at the same time, and it was the other league at the 6th tier.

In 2021, the league expanded from 22 teams to 24 teams.
The German Doctor

***The German Doctor*** () is a 2013 Argentine French Spanish Norwegian drama thriller movie directed and written by Lucía Puenzo who based on her novel *Wakolda* (2011). The movie stars Àlex Brendemühl as Nazi SS officer Josef Mengele, Florencia Bado, Natalia Oreiro, Diego Peretti, Alan Daicz and Elena Roger.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Retinal

**Retinal** (also known as **Retinaldehyde**) is a hydrocarbon belonging to the aldehyde group. It is commonly used as a skincare product.

## References
Northern Ireland Open (snooker)

The **Northern Ireland Open** is a snooker tournament held in Belfast. It is part of the four-event Home Nations Series. The players compete for the Alex Higgins Trophy. The first event was in 2016 and was won by Mark King.

## References
Viti Levu

**Viti Levu** (pronounced ; ) is the largest island in the Republic of Fiji. It is the site of the nation's capital, Suva, and home to most of Fiji's population.

## Other websites 
* 
*
Cooler Master

**Cooler Master Technology Inc.** is a computer hardware manufacturer based in Taipei, Taiwan. It was founded in 1992. The company produces computer cases, power supplies, air and liquid CPU coolers, laptop cooling pads, and computer peripherals.

## Other websites 
*
Asaka, Saitama

is a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

## Population 
From Japanese census data.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Pasewalk

**Pasewalk** is a town in Vorpommern-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is the capital of the former Uecker-Randow district. The town is on the river Uecker.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
The Eighth Day of the Week

***The Eighth Day of the Week*** () is a 1958 Polish German drama movie directed by Aleksander Ford and starring Sonja Ziemann, Zbigniew Cybulski, Jan Świderski, Barbara Połomska, Ilse Steppat.

## Other websites 
*
Santa Cruz, Laguna

**Santa Cruz** is a municipality in the Philippines. It is the capital of the province of Laguna. According to the 2020 census, 123,574 people lived there.

## References
Campelli

**Campelli** is a hamlet located near Piani di Bobbio, in the municipality of Barzio, in the province of Lecco, Lombardy, Italy.

## Geography 
Campelli is in the northern part of the Prealpi Orobie, southeast of Lake Como.

## History 
The history of Campelli is closely linked to its location in the Lombard mountains. Until the 19th century, Campelli was a small village of shepherds and farmers.

## Landmarks and places of interest 
Among the main landmarks of Campelli is the Church of San Giovanni Battista, dating back to the 16th century, which preserves valuable works of sacred art inside.

## Tourism 
Campelli is a popular tourist destination for its natural beauty and outdoor activities, such as hiking, alpine skiing, and mountain biking.

## Transportation 
Campelli can be reached via panoramic roads that cross the surrounding mountains. It is also served by a bus service connecting it to the center of Barzio.

## Bibliography 
* Bettini, A. (2008). *Le Alpi Lombarde: storie di paesi, valli e montagne*. Macchione Editore. ISBN 9788883403481
* Boselli, G. (2015). *Le Prealpi Bergamasche e Leccesi: escursioni, natura, storia*. Versante Sud. ISBN 9788888774576
* Frigerio, L. (2003). *Barzio e i suoi luoghi*. Edizioni Profilgraf. ISBN 9788887453314
* Rossi, M. (2010). ''Storia della Valle d'Intelvi''. Nuove Edizioni Colombari. ISBN 9788889405098

## Related pages 
* Lake Como
* Piani di Bobbio

## Other websites 
* Official website of the Municipality of Barzio
Sperada

with Sperada (1825)]]

The **Sperada** (or **Guazze**, *guazz* in Lombard from *coazza*, braided hair) is the name used on Lake Como to indicate the female hairstyle popularly used between the 17th and 19th century. Sometimes it is also called **raggiera** due to its shape. It consists of a series of hairpins arranged radially to hold the braids, turning a way of styling the hair into a showy clothing accessory.

The “Sperada” was the hairstyle worn by women between Mandello and Lierna who, upon engagement, declared the end of their adolescence by declaring themselves Promised Brides.

The combination of hair and hairpins also locally took the names of *giron*, *speronada* or *sperada* if characterized by thin elements, or ''coo d'argent* with wide elements.

 (1883)]]

## Presence in Literature 
The Guazze hairstyle is mentioned in *The Betrothed* (*I Promessi Sposi*) by Alessandro Manzoni, where it is described as a common hairstyle among women in Lombardy during the 17th and 18th centuries.

## Origin 
The Guazze hairstyle originated in Mandello del Lario and Lierna, two towns in the province of Lecco.

## Identification in Art 
Studies by Riccardo Magnani have identified that the painting of Mona Lisa originally featured a Guazze hairstyle, which has since disappeared over time due to paint corrosion. However, traces of the hairstyle are still evident in the painting.

## References 
## Bibliography 
* Canali, Luciano. (2002). *Le donne del Chiostrino: vita quotidiana a Milano nel Quattrocento*. Il Mulino. ISBN 978-8815099357.
* Fiorani, Francesca. (2003). *Il sentimento della bellezza: Da Leonardo a Bellini, la pittura italiana del Rinascimento nelle sue opere capitali*. Einaudi. ISBN 978-8806182931.
* Rosci, Marco. (2007). *Segantini: catalogo generale*. Electa. ISBN 978-8837055882.
* Spinelli, Andrea. (2015). *Tesori d'arte nelle chiese di Brianza''. Script. ISBN 978-8899946033.
NOW (Turkish TV channel)

**NOW**, formerly **TGRT** and **Fox**, is a Turkish free-to-air television channel owned by The Walt Disney Company EMEA. Since July 2012, the channel broadcasts in 16:9 (1080i HDTV).

## History 
The channel was originally TGRT (acronym in Turkish as: 'Türkiye Gazetesi Radyo Televizyonu'; *Turkey Newspaper Radio Television*) and began broadcasting on 23 April 1993, under İhlas Holding. Between 2001 and 2004, **TGRT** was owned by Tasarruf Mevduatı Sigorta Fonu before being sold again to İhlas Holding.

On 23 July 2006, News Corporation acquired TGRT from İhlas Holding, and was formed by Ahmet Ertegün. The channel was later relaunched as Fox on 24 February 2007.

David Parker Reid was the General Manager of Fox Turkey between 2006 and 2009. David Parker Reid, Hakan Etus, Koray Altinsoy, Doğan Şentürk played crucial role as the most senior executives about the establishment of the Fox channel in Turkey. After David Parker Reid's leave, Pietro Vicari served as General Manager from 2009 to 2014. On 26 November 2014, Adam Theiler was appointed as the General Manager of Fox TV.

On 12 February 2024, the channel rebranded to Now as a part of Disney's planned phaseout of Fox brand following the acquisition of 21st Century Fox. Unlike other Fox-branded channels, the Turkish counterpart did not rebrand to Star Channel due to there being already a channel called Star TV in Turkey and the Turkish version of FX already existing in the region.

## Programs broadcast by Now 
### Weekly series 
It is a list of television programs that have been broadcast on Now before or are currently being 

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes

***Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes*** is an American movie directed by Wes Ball and written by Josh Friedman, Rick Jaffa, Amanda Silver, and Patrick Aison. It is the fourth movie in the rebooted *Planet of the Apes* movie series after *Rise of the Planet of the Apes* (2011), *Dawn of the Planet of the Apes*, and *War for the Planet of the Apes* (2017). It stars Owen Teague, Freya Allan, Kevin Durand, Peter Macon, and William H. Macy.

The movie was released on May 10, 2024. It got positive reviews.

It was the first *Planet of the Apes* movie released under 20th Century Studios after Disney's acquisition of the studio. It was also the first movie to be released on home video by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on August 27, 2024.

## Cast 
* Owen Teague as Noa
* Freya Allan as Mae
* Kevin Durand as Proximus Caesar
* Peter Macon as Raka
* William H. Macy
* Travis Jeffery as Anaya
* Lydia Peckham as Soona
* Neil Sandilands as Koro

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
2025 Philippine Senate election

The **2025 Philippine Senate election** was the 35th election of members to the Senate of the Philippines for a six-year term. It was held on May 12, 2025, within the 2025 general elections. 

## Term-limited incumbents 
The following are serving a successive six-year term and are barred from seeking reelection.

# Nancy Binay (UNA), running for mayor of Makati 
#: On January 20, 2024, Binay stated in an interview on DWIZ-AM that she was "50 percent sure" that she would run for mayor of Makati upon the end of her term as senator. She confirmed her bid for the mayoralty on September 9. The incumbent mayor and Binay's sister Abigail is running for senator under the Nationalist People's Coalition.
# Koko Pimentel (Nacionalista), running for House representative from Marikina's 1st district
#: Pimentel was rumored to run for representative from Marikina's 1st congressional district against Miro Quimbo. Pimentel did file to run on this district, but against incumbent mayor Marcelino Teodoro, husband of incumbent representative Marjorie Ann.
# Grace Poe (Independent)
# Cynthia Villar (Nacionalista), running for House representative from Las Piñas's at-large district
#: On July 31, 2024, Villlar expressed her interest in running for public office in Las Piñas, either as mayor or representative for the city's at-large district. Villar was then later seen as running for Congress. while her daughter Camille, the incumbent House representative is running for senator.

### Mid-term vacancies 
# Sonny Angara (LDP), appointed as Secretary of Education
#: On July 2, 2024, President Bongbong Marcos appointed Angara, a term-limited senator, as secretary of education. On July 18, Angara resigned from the Senate a day before assuming office, leaving his seat vacant until his successor is elected in the regular election. Angara was previously term-limited.

## Political parties
## Candidates 
### Administration coalition
### Opposition coalitions
### Other tickets
## Opinon polling
### Per candidate
The top 16 candidates with the highest favourability in each poll are listed below, where the top 12 are marked with a "black line". 

### Per party 
* Parties (excluding independents) with the plurality of seats in boldface.
* Parties (excluding independents) with the majority of seats are shaded by the party color.

#### Seats won 
* Totals may not add up to 12 due to margin of error.

#### Seats after the election 
Totals may not add up to 24 due to margin of error.

#### Per coalition 
Coalitions are expected to release 12-person slates for the election by the start of campaigning on February 2025. On this section will be the surveys done after that day.

## Results
The Commission on Elections, sitting as the National Board of Canvassers, is expected to proclaim the winners at least a week after election.

### Per party 
## Sources
Camel (cigarette)

**Camel** are a brand of cigarettes from the United States, and are owned by the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in America and owned by Japan Tobacco everywhere except the United States.

The cigarettes mix Turkish tobacco and Virginia tobacco for their flavor. The city where R.J Reynolds was made is called by some "Camel City" due to how popular the cigarette is.

## Ad campaigns and controversies 
In the 1930s, R. J. Reynolds ran an ad campaign claiming Camels aided in digestion.

From 1946 to 1952, R. J. Reynolds ran a series of print, radio, and TV ads showing doctors approving of Camel cigarettes. This included making claims that Camels never caused throat irritation. They used the slogan "More doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette" to mislead people to believe smoking was safe. R. J. Reynolds manipulated these statistics by giving out free cartons of Camels to doctors and then asking what brand they smoked.

In 1974, R.J. Reynolds created "Joe Camel", a cartoon mascot that was accused of marketing cigarettes to children. Joe Camel was depicted as a human-like creature with a camel's head. The campaign started in Europe and was expanded to the U.S. in 1988. After several lawsuits and a Federal Trade Commission complaint, R. J. Reynolds discontinued the Joe Camel ads in 1997.

Other less-controversial campaigns include "Have a real cigarette - have a Camel" and "I'd walk a mile for a Camel".

## References
Super Fuzz

***Super Fuzz*** (), also known as ***Super Snooper*** is a 1980 Italian American Spanish crime comedy movie directed by Sergio Corbucci and starring Terence Hill, Ernest Borgnine, Joanne Dru, Marc Lawrence, Sal Borghese, Woody Woodbury. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Roll the Bones (song)

"**Roll the Bones**" is a 1992 song by Canadian progessive rock band Rush. It is the title track to their 14th studio album *Roll the Bones* and went to number 49 in the United Kingdom and number 25 in Canada. It also went to number 9 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.

## Track listing 
All music by Alex Lifeson and Geddy Lee and lyrics by Neil Peart.

**US promo**:
# Roll the Bones – 5:30

**UK 7" release**:
#Roll The Bones – 5:30
#Show Don't Tell – 5:01

**UK Picture Disc release**:
# Roll the Bones – 5:30
# The Pass – 4:51
# It's a Rap (Part 1: Alex Lifeson Speaks)

**UK 2-Disc Limited Edition release**:Disc 1
# Roll the Bones – 5:30
# Anagram (For Mongo) – 3:59
# It's a Rap (Part 2: Geddy Lee Speaks)
Disc 2
# Roll the Bones – 5:30
# Where's My Thing? (Part IV, "Gangster of Boats" Trilogy) – 3:49
# Superconductor – 4:47
# It's a Rap (Part 3: Neil Peart Speaks)

**German 7" release**:
# Roll the Bones – 5:30
# Tom Sawyer (Live) – 5:06

**12" release**
# Roll the Bones – 5:30
# Tom Sawyer (Live) – 5:06
# Spirit of Radio (Live)

## References
Carbon star

A **carbon star**, also known as a C-type star, is usually a large, luminous red giant star in its final stages of life (Asymptotic giant branch). These stars have more carbon than oxygen in their atmospheres. In the upper layers of the star, carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon monoxide. This process uses up most of the oxygen, allowing carbon atoms to form various compounds, resulting in a "sooty" atmosphere and a distinct ruby red color for the star. There are also dwarf and supergiant carbon stars. The more common giant stars are sometimes referred to as classical carbon stars to set them apart.

Most stars, like the Sun, have atmospheres with more oxygen than carbon. Stars that aren't carbon stars but are cool enough to form carbon monoxide are known as oxygen-rich stars.

Carbon stars have unique spectral characteristics, and they were identified by their spectra in the 1860s by Angelo Secchi during the early days of astronomical spectroscopy.

## References
Dche (Cyrillic)

Dche, (Ԭ, ԭ) is a ligature of De and Che.

## Usage 
Dche represents sound /dʑ/. It can be romainzed as 〈đ〉.
Government Junta of Chile (1810)

The First Government Junta of Chile, was the organization established to rule post-colonial Chile following the deposition and imprisonment of King Ferdinand VII of Spain by Napoleon Bonaparte.and the anniversary of its establishment is celebrated as the national day of Chile.
## Members
Newport (cigarette)

**Newport** is a brand of cigarettes that are menthol flavored and are currently controlled and owned by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. It was named after Newport, Rhode Island. 

## History 
It was created by the Lorillard Tobacco Company and was originally from Ireland made for alcohol drinkers in 1957. The first Newport had a filter with a minty flavor and a white filter which was replaced by a normal filter. 

## References
Spare Parts (song)

"**Spare Parts**" is a 1988 power ballad by Bruce Springsteen. It was taken from his eighth studio album *Tunnel of Love* and went to number 32 in the United Kingdom, number 16 in Sweden, number 12 in Ireland, number 10 in Italy, number 78 in the Netherlands. It was not released in the United States.

## References
136 (number)

**136** is the natural number after 135 and before 137. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 8, 17, 34, 68, and 136. It is a composite number.
138 (number)

**138** is the natural number after 137 and before 139. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 23, 46, 69, and 138.
111 (number)

**111** (**one hundred [and] eleven**) is the natural number after 110 and before 112. It is divisible by 1, 3, 37, and 111.
112 (number)

**112** (**one hundred [and] twelve**) is the natural number after 111 and before 113. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 28, 56, and 112. 112 is the emergency telephone number in the European Union.
114 (number)

**114** (**one hundred [and] fourteen**) is the natural number after 113 and before 115. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 19, 38, 57, and 114.
Zach Edey

**Zachary Cheyne Edey** (born May 14, 2002) is a Canadian professional basketball player. He is a center for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Edey was the consensus National Player of the Year in 2023 and was also a two-time men's Big Ten Player of the Year in 2023 and 2024.

Edey is 7 foot 4 inches, making him the tallest player in the history of the Big Ten and one of the tallest people in history.

## Career
### College
Edey played high school basketball first at Leaside High School in Toronto before moving to Bradenton, Florida to play at IMG Academy.

He would be recruited to Purdue as a three-star recruit.

During his first year at Purdue, Edey would be named to the Big Ten All-Freshman Team and would average around 8.7 points, 4.4 rebounds and 1.1 blocks per game.

The next year, Edey became the starting center for the Boilermakers. He would be named to the Second Team All-Big Ten Team and would average 14.4 points, 7.7 rebounds, 1.1 assists, and 1.2 blocks per game.

Edey would find even more success during his third year. He would tie Purdue's record for most awards when he was named the Big Ten Player of the Week six times over the season. He would also be named Big Ten Player of the Year and *Sporting News* National Player of the Year at the end of the season.

During his last year at Purdue, Edey would record 1000 rebounds in his career, only the second Purdue player to do so. He would also record 2,000 career points, becoming the sixth player in the history of the Big Ten to accomplish it. He would break Purdue's records for double digit scoring in 74 straight games and 55 double-doubles.

He would once again be named the Big Ten Player of the Year and would win his second Associated Press College Basketball Player of the Year award in a row. Edey would also be named as a finalist for the John R. Wooden Award.

### Professional
On June 26, 2024, Edey was selected 9th overall in the first round of the 2024 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies.

## National team
Edey plays for the Canada men's national basketball team. He played for them during the 2021 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup where Canada would win a bronze medal.

He would also play for them during the FIBA Basketball World Cup in 2023. During the tournament, he helped Canada defeat France, Germany, and World champions Spain to help Canada clinch a spot in the Olympics for the first time since 2000. Canada would defeat the United States to win the bronze medal. It was Canada's first international medal since 1936.

## References
## Other websites
*ESPN profile
Natalia Barbu

**Natalia Barbu** (born 22 August 1979) is a Moldovan singer and songwriter. She represented Moldova at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with the song "Fight", which placed in the top ten at the Grand Final. She represented Moldova again at Eurovision 2024 with the song "In The Middle".

## Sources
137 (number)

**137** is the natural number after 136 and before 138. It is the 33rd prime number, an odd number, and a twin prime with 139, the 34th prime number.
Aaliyah Edwards

**Aaliyah Edwards** (born July 9, 2002) is a Canadian professional basketball player. She is a Forward for the Washington Mystics of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Edwards was a 2023 Associated Press and USBWA Third Team All-American, 2024 USBWA Second-team All-American, and 2024 WBCA Coaches' All-American.

Edwards dyes her braids purple and yellow as a tribute to Kobe Bryant and his "Mamba Mentality".

## Career
### College
Edwards played basketball first at Frontenac Secondary School before moving to Crestwood Preparatory College for the last two years. She would be recruited to UConn as a five-star recruit.

During her first year at UConn, Edwards would average around 10.7 points, 5.7 rebounds and 1.0 steals, and 1.0 blocks per game. She would also be named the Big East Sixth-Woman of the Year and would be named to the Big East All-Freshman Team.

Edwards would breakout and find success during her third year. She would average around 9.0 rebounds, 2.4 assists, 1.2 steals, 16.6 points per game. She would named a 2023 Associated Press and USBWA Third Team All-American, a member of the 2023 All-Big East First Team, and the Big East Most Improved Player of the Year.

On March 21, 2024, Edwards announced that she would not play her final year at UConn and would instead enter the 2024 WNBA draft.

### WNBA
On April 15, 2024, Edwards was selected 6th overall in the first round of the 2024 WNBA draft by the Washington Mystics.

## References
## Other websites
*ESPN profile