open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Osborne County, Kansas

**Osborne County** (standard abbreviation: **OB**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 3,500 people lived there. The county seat is Osborne. Osborne is also the biggest city in Osborne County.

## History
In 1867, **Osborne County** was created.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.2%) is water. The south fork of Solomon River goes through the county. The land has rolling hills and prairies.

The geodetic center of North America is within the county. The geographic center of the 48 contiguous states is in Smith County, which is close to Osborne County.

## People
## Government
### Presidential elections
Osborne County is very Republican. No Democratic presidential candidate has won Osborne County since Woodrow Wilson in 1916.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Waconda USD 272
**Downs; extends into western Mitchell County
* Osborne USD 392
**most of county including Alton and Portis
* Natoma-Paradise-Waldo USD 399
**southwestern portion of county; also extends into Russell and Rooks counties

## Communities
 Map of Osborne County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Alton
* Downs
* Natoma
* Osborne
* Portis

## References
;Notes

## More reading
* *Handbook of Osborne County, Kansas*; Junction Steam Print Press; 58 pages; 1880s.
* *Standard Atlas of Osborne County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 78 pages; 1917.
* *Plat Book of Osborne County, Kansas*; North West Publishing Co; 44 pages; 1900.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Osborne County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Osborne County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Harish Rawat

**Harish Chandra Singh Rawat** (born 27 April 1948) is an Indian politician who was  Chief Minister of Uttarakhand from 2014-2017. In July 2014, he won a by-election from Dharchula assembly seat by over 19,000 votes.

## References
Lane County, Kansas

**Lane County** (standard abbreviation: **LE**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 1,574 people lived there. This makes it the county with the third lowest number of people living in it in Kansas. The county seat is Dighton, the only city in the county. The county was named after James H. Lane. He was a leader of the Jayhawker abolitionist movement, and he was one of the first U.S. Senators from Kansas.

## History
### 19th century
In 1873, **Lane County** was created.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.03%) is water.

## People
## Government
### Presidential elections
Lane County has been very Republican throughout its history. It voted for Democratic candidates only five times in presidential elections from 1888 to the present. The last time a Democrat won the county was in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson.

### Laws
Although the Kansas Constitution was changed in 1986 to allow the sale of alcohol, Lane County is still a "dry" county.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Healy USD 468 
* Dighton USD 482 

## Communities
 Map of Lane County (map legend)]]

### City
* Dighton

## References
## More reading
* *Early Lane County History: 12,000 B.C. - A.D. 1884*; Ellen May Stanley; Mennonite Press; 1993.
* *Standard Atlas of Lane County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 62 pages; 1920.

## Other websites
;County
* Lane County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Lane County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Labette County, Kansas

**Labette County** (county code **LB**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 20,184 people lived there. Its county seat is Oswego. Its biggest city is Parsons. The county was named after LaBette creek, the second-biggest creek in the county. The creek was named after French-Canadian fur trapper Pierre LaBette who had moved to the area.

Between 1871 and 1873, at least eleven people disappeared near an inn and general store run by the Bender family in Labette County. After the disappareance of the Benders in 1873, it was found that they had apparently murdered many travelers. Between eight and eleven bodies were found buried at the inn. Governor Thomas A. Osborn offered a reward of $2,000 for anyone who caught the Benders, but they were never found.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.2%) is water.

## Demographics
]]

The **Parsons, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area** includes all of Labette County.

The 2020 Census says that Labette County had 20,184 people living there. The median age was 40. The race of the people were 79.7% non-Hispanic white, 4.2% African-American, 2.1% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% non-Hispanics of some other race, 8.7% non-Hispanics reporting two or more races and 4.7% Hispanic or Latino.

## Government
### Presidential elections
Labette County is mostly Republican. It has a slight Democratic lean to it like many counties in Southeast Kansas. Although Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton both won the county once each, it has become more Republican.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Cherokee USD 247 (Web site) is a school district of  primarily covering portions of Crawford and Cherokee counties, but also includes small portions of Labette and Neosho counties.
* Parsons USD 503 (Web site)
* Oswego USD 504 (Web site)
* Chetopa-St. Paul USD 505 (Web site)
* Labette County USD 506 (Web site)

## Communities
 Map of Labette County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Altamont
* Bartlett
* Chetopa
* Edna
* Labette
* Mound Valley
* Oswego
* Parsons

## References
;Notes

## More reading
* *History of Labette County, Kansas, and Representative Citizens*; Nelson Case; Biographical Publishing Co; 846 pages; 1901.
* *Atlas and Plat Book of Labette County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 40 pages; 1916.
* *Standard Atlas of Labette County, Kansas*; Kenyon Company; 53 pages; 1906.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Labette County - Directory of Public Officials
;Historical
* Labette County History and Heritage Project, Genealogy
;Maps
* Labette County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Stafford County, Kansas

**Stafford County** (standard abbreviation: **SF**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 4,072 people lived there. Its county seat is St. John. The county is named after Lewis Stafford. He was captain of Company E, First Kansas Infantry, who was killed at the Battle of Young's Point in Madison Parish, Louisiana on June 7, 1863.

## History
### 19th century
In 1879, **Stafford County** was created.

The borders of Stafford County were defined by the Kansas Legislature of 1870. For several years, the county was still unorganized. The Legislature of 1875 gave the territory in Stafford County to other counties. They wanted to get rid of Stafford County. They gave the part in Range 15 West to Pawnee County; the portion included in Ranges 11, 12, 13 and 14 to Barton County; and the south half of the county, excepting the portion in Range 15, was added to Pratt County. But after each of the counties had taken its part, a strip six miles wide and twelve miles long (two townships) remained as Stafford County. This was the county until April 25, 1879. The Supreme Court of Kansas said that dividing the county was unconstitutional. The county was restored to its original borders.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.4%) is water.

## People
## Government
Stafford County is often won by Republican Candidates. The last time Stafford County was won by a democratic candidate was in 1976 by Jimmy Carter.

### Presidential elections
### Laws
Although the Kansas Constitution was changed in 1986 to allow the sale of alcohol, Stafford County was still a "dry" county until an election in 2016 when this prohibition was removed by 1,304 to 535, 71% of the vote.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Stafford USD 349
* St. John-Hudson USD 350
* Macksville USD 351

## Communities
 Map of Stafford County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Hudson
* Macksville
* Radium
* Seward
* Stafford
* St. John

## References
;Notes

## More reading
* *Standard Atlas of Stafford County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 56 pages; 1904.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Stafford County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Stafford County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Bipin Rawat

General **Bipin Rawat (16 March 1958 – 8 December 2021)**, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, YSM, SM, VSM, ADC was the Chief of the Defence Staff of the Indian Armed Forces and the former Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army. He became Chief of Army Staff on 31 December 2016 after retirement of General Dalbir Singh.

## Death 
Rawat died on 8 December 2021 in a helicopter crash in Coonoor, Tamil Nadu. General Rawat, his wife, Madhulika Rawat and 11 others were on the way to Defence Services Staff College (DSSC), Wellington when the helicopter crashed, killing all the people on board. General Rawat was 63.

## References
## Other websites
Smith County, Kansas

**Smith County** (standard abbreviation: SM) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 3,570 people lived there. Its county seat is Smith Center. The county is named after Maj. J. Nelson Smith, who was part of the 2nd Colorado Cavalry. He was killed in action at the Battle of Westport on October 21, 1864.

The geographic center of the contiguous United States is in the county, near Lebanon.

## History
### 19th century
In 1872, **Smith County** was created. The first homestead in Smith County was in 1871. There were 3,800 people living there by 1875. The county grew to 15,000 people by 1889. Corn was the main crop, but drought and grasshoppers hurt the crops. When hardy Winter wheat was introduced to Kansas by Russian settlers, it eventually became the main crop in Smith County. The number of people living in Smith County has slowly gone down since 1900. This is due to advanced farming techniques that need fewer people to farm.

Brewster Higley wrote the song "Home on the Range" in 1873 in a cabin 9 miles northwest of Smith Center. It later became the Kansas State song.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.2%) is water. The county is divided into 25 townships, each of which is listed below in the subdivisions section of this article.

The geographic center of the 48 contiguous states is in the county, near the city of Lebanon. The geographic center of North America is located in neighboring Osborne County.

The Solomon River runs through the southern part of the county. It provides a flat basin and water for irrigation.

### Major highways
There are two major highways in the county. The main east–west route is U.S. Highway 36. It goes through Athol, Kensington, and Smith Center. The main north–south route is U.S. Highway 281. Kansas state highways K-8, K-9 and K-180 go to other areas of the county.

## People
## Government
### Presidential elections
Smith County is very Republican. No Democratic presidential candidate has won Smith County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Since 1940, the only Democrat to win forty percent of the county’s vote was Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Thunder Ridge USD 110
** Kensington, Athol and western third of county; school district also covers the eastern third of Phillips County
* Smith Center USD 237
** Smith Center, Lebanon, Gaylord and eastern two-thirds of county

## Communities
 Map of Smith County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Athol
* Cedar
* Gaylord
* Kensington
* Lebanon
* Smith Center

## References
## More reading
* *Standard Atlas of Smith County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 82 pages; 1917.
* *Plat Book of Smith County, Kansas*; North West Publishing Co; 48 pages; 1900.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Smith County - Directory of Public Officials
;Other
* Geographical Center of the Continental United States
;Maps
* Smith County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Logan County, Kansas

, as represented by this stockyard on the edge of Oakley, is important in Logan County]]

**Logan County** (standard abbreviation: **LG**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.  In 2020, 2,762 people lived there. The county seat is Oakley. Oakley is also the biggest city in Logan County. The county was named after Gen. John A. Logan.

One of the county's most unique features is a mile long stretch of Niobrara Formation rocks. The rocks reach 100 feet high. They are called "Little Jerusalem." It is related to the same geology that formed the Badlands National Park.  The formation is mostly on private land. In 2016, the Nature Conservancy bought the land, and they say they will open the area to the public.

## History
### 19th century
In 1887, **Logan County** was created.

Logan County was first created in 1871 as St. John County. St. John was created from the area to the east of range 38 in what was then part of Wallace County. The Kansas State Legislature changed the name from St. John to Logan in 1885.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.01%) is water.

### Major highways
* Kansas Highway 25
* U.S. Highway 40
* U.S. Highway 83
* Interstate 70

## People
## Government
### Presidential elections
Logan County is very Republican. Only two Democrats have ever won the county in a Presidential election: Woodrow Wilson in 1916 and Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Oakley USD 274
* Triplains USD 275

## Communities
 Map of Logan County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Oakley
* Russell Springs
* Winona

## References
;Notes

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Logan County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Logan County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Lincoln County, Kansas

**Lincoln County** (standard abbreviation: **LC**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,939 people lived there. The county seat is Lincoln Center. Lincoln Center is also the biggest city in Lincoln County.

## History
### 19th centruy
In 1867, **Lincoln County** was created.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.1%) is water.

## People
## Government
### Presidential elections
Lincoln county is very Republican. Lyndon B. Johnson was the last Democrat to lose the county by less than 5%. The last Democrat to win the county was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Lincoln USD 298
* Sylvan Grove USD 299

### Colleges
* Kansas Christian College (closed)

## Communities
 Map of Lincoln County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Barnard
* Beverly
* Lincoln Center
* Sylvan Grove

## References
## More reading
* ; 123 pages.
* *Standard Atlas of Lincoln County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 72 pages; 1918.
* *Plat Book of Lincoln County, Kansas*; North West Publishing Co; 39 pages; 1901.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Lincoln County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Lincoln County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Neosho County, Kansas

**Neosho County** (standard abbreviation: **NO**) is a county in the south east of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 15,904 people lived there. The county seat is Erie.

## History
### 19th century
In 1861, **Neosho County** was created.

The first railroad was built through Neosho County in 1870.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.1%) is water.

## People
## Government
### Presidential elections
Neosho County is a very Republican county. However, like the rest of Southeast Kansas counties, Democrats have not done poorly.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Erie-Galesburg USD 101 (Web site), serves the communities of Erie, Galesburg, Stark.
* Cherokee USD 247 (Web site), serves mostly parts of Crawford and Cherokee counties, but also includes small parts of Labette and Neosho counties.
* Chanute USD 413 (Web site)
* Chetopa-St. Paul USD 505 (Web site)
* Cherryvale-Thayer USD 447 (Web site)

## Cities
 Map of Neosho County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Chanute
* Earlton
* Erie
* Galesburg
* Stark
* St. Paul
* Thayer

## References
## More reading
* *Standard Atlas of Neosho County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 53 pages; 1906.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Neosho County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Neosho County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Ness County, Kansas

**Ness County** (standard abbreviation: **NS**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,687 people lived there. The county seat is Ness City. Ness City is also the biggest city in Ness County.  The county was named after Corporal Noah V. Ness of the 7th Kansas Cavalry.

## History
### 19th century
In 1867, **Ness County** was created.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.02%) is water.

## People
## Government
### Presidential elections
Ness County is very overwhelmingly Republican. The last time a Democrat won the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Western Plains USD 106
* Ness City USD 303
* LaCrosse USD 395, mostly in Rush County

## Communities
 Map of Ness County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Bazine
* Brownell
* Ness City
* Ransom
* Utica

## References
;Notes

## More reading
* *Handbook of Ness County, Kansas*; C.S. Burch Publishing Co; 42 pages; 1887.
* *Standard Atlas of Ness County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 64 pages; 1906.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Ness County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Ness County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Norton County, Kansas

**Norton County** (standard abbreviation: **NT**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 5,459 people lived there. The county seat is Norton. Norton is also the biggest city in Norton County. The county was created in 1867. It was named after Orloff Norton, captain of Company L, 15th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment.

## History
### 19th century
** Norton County** was created by Noah H. Billings, Thomas Beaumont, Henry Gordon, P. Hansen, and George Cole on August 22, 1872. In 1878 Norton became the county seat. The county got its name for Civil War soldier Orloff Norton, who was killed at Cane Hill, Arkansas in 1864.

The first county fair, although not official, was held in Leota in October, 1878. After 1900 the fair was held every year in Elmwood Park in Norton. The first school district was created in Norton in 1872. School was held in a dugout beginning December 1, 1873.https://nortoncounty.org/about/ 

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.4%) is water.

## People
## Government
### County
Noah H. Billings was an early county settler, county superintendent of schools, county attorney, and state representative. Keith Sebelius was a U.S. congressman from 1969 to 1981.

### Presidential elections
Norton County is very Republican. The last Democrat to reach forty percent of the county’s vote was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. Roosevelt in 1932 was the last Democrat to win Norton County. The only other Democrats to win are Woodrow Wilson (twice) and William Jennings Bryan in his first 1896 campaign.

## Education 
### Unified school districts 
* Norton Community USD 211
**western two-thirds of county to borders with Decatur and Graham counties and Nebraska
* Northern Valley USD 212
**northeastern portion of county, all east of US 283 and north of US 36; extends into northwestern Phillips County
* West Solomon USD 213 (elementary school only; students in grades 6-12 attend schools in Norton)

## Communities
 Map of Norton County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Almena
* Clayton
* Edmond
* Lenora
* Norton

## References
;Notes

## More reading
* *Handbook of Norton County, Kansas*; C.S. Burch Publishing Co; 16 pages; 1880s.
* *Standard Atlas of Norton County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 71 pages; 1917.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Norton County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Norton County Maps: Current, Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Linn County, Kansas

**Linn County** (county code **LN**) is a county in east-central Kansas. In 2020, 9,591 people lived there. Its county seat is Mound City. Its biggest city is Pleasanton. The county was named after Lewis F. Linn, a U.S. Senator from Missouri.

## History
### 19th century
Explorers in the early 19th century found abandoned mining sites along a creek south of the Marais des Cygnes river. No one knows who the miners were. Early residents of the region decided to call the waterway "Mine Creek."

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (2.0%) is water.

## People
]]

Linn County is included in the Kansas City, MO-KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Government
### Presidential elections
## Education
### Unified school districts
* Pleasanton USD 344
* Jayhawk USD 346
* Prairie View USD 362

## Communities
 Map of Linn County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Blue Mound
* La Cygne
* Linn Valley
* Mound City
* Parker
* Pleasanton
* Prescott

## References
;Notes

## More reading
* *Plat Book of Linn County, Kansas*; North West Publishing Co; 44 pages; 1906.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Linn County - Directory of Public Officials
;Other
* *Linn County News* (local newspaper)
;Maps
* Marion County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Gray County, Kansas

**Gray County** (county code **GY**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 5,653 people lived there. Its county seat is Cimarron. Cimarron is also the biggest city in Gray County.

## History 
Gray County was created in 1881. It was named after Alfred Gray. Between 1887 and 1893, a county seat war happened in Gray County that involved several notable Old West figures, such as Bat Masterson, Bill Tilghman, and Ben Daniels. Because of this, Cimarron became the permanent county seat of Gray County.

## Geography 
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.05%) is water.

Since 2001, NextEra Energy Resources has operated the biggest wind farm in Kansas. They have 170 turbines. They can generate up to 110 megawatts. It is on a  site near Montezuma.

## People
]]

### Religion 
Gray County has the highest percentage of followers of the Church of God in Christ, Mennonite in the US. There were 1,032 members of the Church in Gray County in 2010, which is 17.18% of the total number of people in Gray County. It is the biggest Church in the county.

## Government 
### Presidential elections 
Gray county is often won by Republican candidates. The last time a Democratic candidate won this county was in 1976 by Jimmy Carter.

### Laws 
Although the Kansas Constitution was changed in 1986 to allow the sale of alcohol, Gray County is still a "dry" county.

## Education 
### Unified school districts 
* Cimarron-Ensign USD 102
* Montezuma USD 371
* Copeland USD 476
* Ingalls USD 477 

## Communities 
 Map of Gray County (map legend)]]

### Cities and Towns 
* Cimarron (county seat)
* Copeland
* Ensign
* Ingalls
* Montezuma

## References 
## Other websites 
;County
* 
* Gray County – Directory of Public Officials
;Other
* Gray County Wind Farm, largest wind farm in Kansas
;Maps
* Gray County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Graham County, Kansas

**Graham County** (county code **GH**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,415 people lived there. Its county seat is Hill City. Hill City is also the biggest city in Graham County. Nicodemus is in Graham County. Nicodemus was created in 1877, which is the only remaining western town created by African Americans during the Reconstruction Period after the American Civil War.

## History
### 19th century
Graham County was organized in 1880.  In 1887, **Graham County** was created. It was named after Captain John L. Graham, a Union soldier killed at the Battle of Chickamauga in Tennessee on September 19, 1863.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.03%) is water.

The average elevation in the county is  above sea level.
The south fork of Solomon River goes through the county. It is drained by Saline River.

## People
]]

## Government
### Presidential elections
## Education
### Unified school districts
* Hill City USD 281, effective July 1, 2002, Morland USD 280 was consolidated into USD 281.

## Communities
 Map of Graham County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Bogue
* Hill City
* Morland

## Culture
Noted regional artist Birger Sandzén often painted landscapes in Graham County. This was where his wife's parents moved to in 1906. Examples include *Still Water*, which is in the collection at Kansas State University's Marianna Kistler Beach Museum of Art. It shows Wild Horse Creek in the county.

## References
;Notes

## More reading
* ; 156 pages; 2003.
* *Standard Atlas of Graham County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 61 pages; 1906.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Graham County - Directory of Public Officials
;Historical
* Graham County Historical Society 
;Maps
* Graham County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Edwards County, Kansas

**Edwards County** (county code **ED**) is a county in the U.S. states of Kansas. In 2020, 2,907 people lived there. Its county seat is Kinsley. Kinsley is also the biggest city in Edwards County. The county was created in 1874. It was named after W. C. Edwards, of Hutchinson, a pioneer settler, who played an active role in its creation.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.01%) is water.

### Geographic Features
The Arkansas River goes through Edwards County from the southwest corner to the Pawnee County line near U.S. Route 56.

### Major highways
Three U.S. Routes go through Edwards County. They all meet in Kinsley. An east-west route, U.S. Route 50 goes around Belpre and Lewis before connecting with westbound U.S. Route 56 in Kinsley. The single road then goes through Offerle and west into Ford County. U.S. Route 183 goes from Kiowa County in the south to Kinsley, where it connects east U.S. 56 as a single highway to Pawnee County. K-19 starts at U.S. Route 50 near Belpre, and goes north into Pawnee County.

## People
]]

## Government
### Presidential elections
## Education
### Unified school districts
* Kinsley-Offerle USD 347 
* Lewis USD 502

## Communities
 Map of Edwards County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Belpre
* Kinsley
* Lewis
* Offerle

## References
## More reading
* *Standard Atlas of Edwards County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 40 pages; 1906.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Edwards County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Edwards County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Gove County, Kansas

**Gove County** (county code **GO**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,718 people lived there. Its county seat is Gove City. Its biggest city is Quinter.

## History
### 19th century
In 1868, **Gove County** was created. It was named after Granville Llewellyn Gove, member of the 11th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry. He was also the son of Moses Gove, a former mayor of Manhattan, Kansas.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.01%) is water.

## People
]]

## Government
### Presidential elections
### Laws
Although the Kansas Constitution was changed in 1986 to allow the sale of alcohol, Gove County is still a "dry" county.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Grinnell USD 291
* Grainfield USD 292
* Quinter USD 293

## Attractions
* Castle Rock
* Monument Rocks

## Communities
 Map of Gove County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Gove
* Grainfield
* Grinnell
* Oakley (part)
* Park
* Quinter

## Gallery

Image:Goveexpanse2.jpg
Image:Castlerockbadlands2005.jpg
Image:Bluffsnearcastlerock.jpg
Image:Govecounty22.jpg
Image:Badlandsnearcastlerock20052.jpg
Image:Badlandsnearcastlerock20053.jpg

## References
;Notes

## More reading
* *Standard Atlas of Gove County, Kansas*; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 61 pages; 1907.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Gove County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Gove County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Grant County, Kansas

**Grant County** (county code **GT**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 7,352 people lived there. Its county seat and only city is Ulysses.

## History
In 1873, the part of Kansas that is west of Range 25 was divided into 25 new counties. The new counties were Decatur, Rawlins, Cheyenne, Sheridan, Thomas, Sherman, Lane, Buffalo, Foote, Meade, Scott, Sequoyah, Arapahoe, Seward, Wichita, Kearny, Greeley, Hamilton, Stanton, Kansas, Stevens, and Grant.

Grant County, Kansas was named after Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877). He was incumbent president at the time of the county's creation.
* Surprise-Tilden

### Major highways
* U.S. Highway 160
* Kansas Highway 25

## People
]]

## Government
### Presidential elections
Grant County is very republican. Lyndon B. Johnson was the last democrat to win the county, and Jimmy Carter barely lost the county in 1976.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Ulysses USD 214 

## Communities
 Map of Grant County (map legend)]]

### City
* Ulysses

## References
## Other websites
;County
* 
* Grant County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Grant County Map , GrantCoKs.org
* Grant County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Elk County, Kansas

**Elk County** (county code **EK**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 2,483 people lived there. Its county seat is Howard. Howard is also the biggest city in Elk County.

## History
### 19th century
In 1875, **Elk County** was created. It was named after the Elk River.

The first railroad in Elk County was built through that territory in 1879. It connected ranches and farms to markets.

## Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.0%) is water.

## People
]]

## Government
### Presidential elections
### Laws
The Kansas Constitution was changed in 1986 to allow the sale of alcohol, but Elk County voters have chosen to remain a "dry" county.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* West Elk USD 282
* Elk Valley USD 283

## Communities
 Map of Elk County (map legend)]]

### Cities
* Elk Falls
* Grenola
* Howard
* Longton
* Moline

## References
## More reading
* *Elk County, Kansas*; H. F. Smith; 1927.
* *Handbook of Elk and Chautauqua Counties, Kansas*; C.S. Burch Publishing Co; 24 pages; 1886.
* *Elk County Rural Landowners Plat Map*; 1927.
* *Standard Atlas of Elk County, Kansas*; George A. Ogle & Co; 43 pages; 1903.
* *Atlas of Elk County*; Davy Map & Atlas Co; 45 pages; 1885.

## Other websites
;County
* 
* Elk County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Elk County Maps: Current, Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Right of survivorship

The **right of survivorship** is a right attached to an asset such as a home or a bank account which is jointly owned. When one of the owners dies, the surviving owner(s) get the asset. The asset is then excluded from the estate. In other words, it is not part of the will of the person who died. It becomes the property of the surviving owner(s).

## References
College town

of Oxford, a good example of a university town. There is no main campus, rather university buildings are around the city between shops, for example those at centre right of the picture.]]

A **college town** or **university town** is a place (often a town or city) that has a college or university that is an important part of that place. The university may be a very big part of the place's economy and culture, and there may be a lot of students living there. Many residents may work for the university, the university may be the biggest employer, and many businesses may work with the university.
Rose Heilbron

**Dame Rose Heilbron** DBE QC (19 August 1914 - 8 December 2005) was a British lawyer and judge. In 1949, she became one of the first women to be appointed Queen's Counsel in Britain.

She graduated from Liverpool University in 1935, and became a lawyer in 1939. She was made Queen's Counsel in 1949, and was made a full-time judge in the High Court in 1974. She retired as a judge in 1988.
Elizabeth Lane

**Dame Elizabeth Kathleen Lane** DBE (née Coulborn; 9 August 1905 – 17 June 1988) was a British judge. In 1965, she became the first woman to be appointed a High Court judge in England and Wales.

She received a damehood when she was appointed to the High Court. She had previously been the third woman to be made Queen's Counsel in 1950. She retired as a judge in 1979.
Helena Normanton

**Helena Florence Normanton** QC (14 December 1882 - 14 October 1957) was a British lawyer. She was the first woman to practice as a lawyer in England (1922), and was one of the first women to be made Queen's Counsel (1949).
British .303

**The British .303** (three-o-three) cartridge was the bullet used for British rifles and light machine guns until Britain became part of NATO. Guns that used the .303 included the Lee-Enfield and the Bren light machine gun.

## References
Halsey

**Halsey** may mean:

## People
*Halsey (singer) (born 1994), American singer and songwriter, actress
*William "Bull" Halsey Jr. (October 30, 1882 – August 16, 1959), American Navy admiral during World War II
*Halsey baronets, a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
*Halsey Beshears, a Republican politician from Florida

## Places in the United States
* Halsey, Oregon, city in Linn County
* Halsey, Nebraska, village in Blaine and Thomas counties
* Halsey, Wisconsin, town in Marathon County
* Halsey Brook, a creek in East Jewett, New York
* Halsey Street (disambiguation)

## Other uses
*, several United States Navy vessels
* "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey", Paul McCartney song referring to a U.S. Admiral
* Halsey Field House, multi-purpose arena at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
* Catherine Elizabeth Halsey, major character in the *Halo* franchise 
* Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art, contemporary art institute within the School of the Arts at the College of Charleston, South Carolina
* Halsey, a menswear fashion company started by Robbie Rogers
Negroland

is different |alt=|372x372px]]

**Negroland**, or **Nigritia** was a term Europeans used to describe a region in Africa, south of the Sahara. The region was poorly explored, and Europeans mainly knew the area around the coast. The name was probably a direct translation of the Arabic term "Bilad al-Sudan", which translates to "land of the Blacks".

As can be seen on the map, Europeans of the time believed that the rivers Senegal, Gambia and Niger were in the same river system: one river that divided before flowing into the ocean.  

In 1823, approximately the same area was described as "Nigritia" on an American map published by  Fielding Lucus Jr. The inhabitants of Nigritia were called Negroes. 

## References
Chambers County

**Chambers County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Chambers County, Alabama
* Chambers County, Texas
Coos County

**Coos County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Coös County, New Hampshire
* Coos County, Oregon
Lowndes County

**Lowndes County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
* Lowndes County, Alabama
* Lowndes County, Georgia
* Lowndes County, Mississippi
Hydro, Oklahoma

Hydro is a town in Caddo County, Oklahoma, located on State Highway 58, north of Interstate 40/U.S. Highway 66, and eight miles east of Weatherford. Founded on August 6, 1901, when the Wichita and Caddo Reservation opened for settlement, Hydro was initially named Caddo but was renamed to reflect its abundant well water when the post office was established. The town became known for its agricultural development, particularly in corn and cotton, and served as a shipping point for livestock.

The Hydro Review, the area's first newspaper, was launched in 1901, the same year the first school and twelve churches were established. The Hydro Free Fair began in 1904, making it possibly Oklahoma's longest-running free fair. During the Great Depression, significant improvements were made to the town’s infrastructure, including paved streets and new public buildings.

In 1941, Carl and Lucille Arthurs Hamons opened the Hamons Courts and a gas station. Although the construction of Interstate 40 in 1966 harmed local Route 66 businesses, Lucille persisted, leading to the service station being listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, and the Hamons Tourist Court's sign was displayed at the Smithsonian Institution.

Hydro's population grew from 524 in 1907 to 948 in 1930, but the Great Depression and Dust Bowl caused a decline. A resurgence occurred during an oil boom in the 1980s, with populations recorded at 1,060 in 2000 and 969 in 2010, many of whom commuted to nearby towns for work. Local agriculture, especially corporate hog farming and wheat harvesting, remains significant. Hydro features natural landmarks known as the Caddo Mounds, Antelope Buttes, and Hydro Mounds, with historical sites like Rock Mary. The town celebrated its centennial in 2001, and as of April 2020, the population was 926.

## References
Okeene, Oklahoma

**Okeene** is a town in Blaine County, Oklahoma, United States. There were 1090 people at the 2020 United States Census. The name was created by adding the last letters of Cher**okee** and Cheyen**ne**.

## References
Istanbul nightclub shooting

the **Istanbul nightclub shooting** was a mass shooting in the early hours of 1 January 2017 in the European part of Istanbul, Turkey. Uzbek ISIL member Abdulkadir Masharipov used an AK-47 assault rifle to shoot over 100 people in Reina nightclub, killing 39 of them.

## References
Sousaphone

The **sousaphone** () is a brass instrument in the same family as the more widely known tuba. 

It was created around 1893 by J.W. Pepper at the direction of American bandleader John Philip Sousa after whom it was  named. It was designed to be easier to play than the concert tuba while standing or marching. It should also carry the sound of the instrument above the heads of the band. Like the tuba, sound is produced by moving air past the lips, causing them to vibrate or "buzz" into a large cupped mouthpiece. Unlike the tuba, the instrument is bent in a circle to fit around the body of the musician; it ends in a large, flaring bell that is pointed forward, projecting the sound ahead of the player. Because of the ease of carrying and the direction of sound, it is widely employed in marching bands, as well as various other musical genres. Sousaphones were originally made out of brass but in the mid-20th century started to be made from lighter materials like fiberglass; today both types are in wide use.
Sunflower County, Mississippi

**Sunflower County** is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 25,971 people lived there. Indianola is the largest city and county seat. It is in the Mississippi Delta region.

Sunflower County was created in 1844.

## References
Lisa (rapper)

**Lalisa Manoban** is a Thai rapper, singer, dancer and model. She is based in South Korea. She goes by the stage name **Lisa**. She is known as a member of the female K-pop group Blackpink. In 2021, she released her first solo single album named *Lalisa*. It was a huge success.

Lisa was born in Thailand on 27 March 1997. In 2010, she passed a YG Entertainment audition in Thailand. Many people took part in the audition but she was the only person to be selected.  She was invited to sign a contract with them and was added as a member of Blackpink.

## Single albums 
## Singles 
## Songwriting credits 
## References 
## Notes 
## Other websites
Ulysses, Kansas

**Ulysses** (pronounced ) is a city in and the county seat of Grant County, Kansas, United States. It is named after Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th President of the United States. In 2020, 5,788 people lived there.

## History
In 1831, south of the future site of Ulysses, Kansas, (at that time, it was a part of Northern Mexico Territory), explorer Jedediah Smith was killed by Comanche warriors. This was on May 27, 1831.  The first Ulysses town was created in June 1885. It was about two miles east of present-day Ulysses. About six weeks later Ulysses' first newspaper, *The Grant County Register*, started publishing.

## Geography
Ulysses is at  (37.580055, -101.357532). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

### Climate
## People
### 2020 census
In 2020, there were 5,788 people, 2,084 households, and 1,487 families living in Ulysses. Of the households, 71.6% owned their home and 28.4% rented their home.

The median age was 33.7 years. Of the people, 53.9% were White, 2.0% were Native American, 0.2% were Asian, 0.1% were Black, 0.1% were Pacific Islanders, 23.1% were from some other race, and 20.6% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 57.4% of the people.

### 2010 census
In 2010, there were 6,161 people, 2,140 households, and 1,618 families living in Ulysses.

## Transportation
### Roads
U.S. Route 160 goes West to east though Ulysses. It goes across the state of Kansas. K-25 (Kansas highway) goes north to south through the city and the state of Kansas.

### Air
Ulysses airport (KULS) is in the county. It has a 6,000&nbsp;ft. x 100' north south (35-17) runway and a second 4'600 x 60' runway (12-30).

## Media
### Television
Ulysses is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Ulysses
* Ulysses - Directory of Public Officials
;Schools
* Ulysses USD 214
;Maps
* Ulysses City Map , KDOT
Iola, Kansas

**Iola** (pronounced ) is a city along the Neosho River in the northwestern part of Allen County, in southeast Kansas, in the central United States. In 2020, 5,396 people lived there. Iola is the county seat of Allen County. It is named after Iola Colborn.

## Geography
Iola is at  (37.923, -95.400). The city is along the eastern bank of the Neosho River. it is between Deer Creek, to the north, and Rock Creek, to the south, with Coon Creek going through the city. U.S. Route 54 goes through Iola along Madison Street. It interchanges with U.S. Route 169, which goes near the east side of the city. The smaller cities of Gas and La Harpe are a few miles to the east along US-54. The tiny city of Bassett is near Iola's southern border. The city of Humboldt is about  to the south along US-169.

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

### Climate
Iola has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Iola has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## People
### 2020 census
In 2020, there were 5,396 people, 2,291 households, and 1,254 families living in Iola. Of the households, 56.5% owned their home and 43.5% rented their home.

The median age was 37.7 years. Of the people, 86.7% were White, 2.6% were Black, 1.4% were Native American, 0.7% were Asian, 1.7% were from some other race, and 7.0% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.0% of the people.

### 2010 census
In 2010, there were 5,704 people, 2,357 households, and 1,418 families living in Iola.

## Culture
Iola has its yearly Farm City Days in mid-October. It's a celebration. It has a parade and a carnival. It started in 1971 when Stanley Dreher, Gary Parker, and Leon Catron tried getting people to go out to the farm. The reason for the event is to show appreciation to its farm-town qualities.

## Education
### Unified school districts
* Iola USD 257 (Web site), home of the 2006 Kansas 4A Girls State Basketball Champions.

### Colleges and universities
* Allen Community College

## Transportation
Bus service is provided north towards Kansas City, Missouri and south towards Tulsa, Oklahoma by Jefferson Lines (subcontractor of Greyhound Lines).

Allen County Airport is three miles south of the city. City bus and rail service have stopped.

## Media
The *Iola Register* is the local newspaper. It publishes on weekdays and Saturday.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Iola
* Iola - Directory of Public Officials
* Iola - Chamber of Commerce
;Schools
* USD 257, local school district
;Media
* The Iola Register Interactive
* KIKS-KIOL Radio Stations
;Maps
* Iola City Map , KDOT