July 8

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1099 &ndash; First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in a religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on.
* 1283 &ndash; War of the Sicilian Vespers: Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese fleet, defeats an Angevin fleet sent to put down a rebellion on Malta in the Battle of Malta.
* 1497 &ndash; Vasco da Gama sets sail for his first voyage to India.
* 1579 &ndash; Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, is discovered underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan.
* 1663 &ndash; Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal Charter to Rhode Island.
* 1709 &ndash; Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava – Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XIII of Sweden at Poltava, ending Sweden's role as a major European power.
* 1716 &ndash; Great Northern War: The naval Battle of Dynekilen takes place.
* 1730 &ndash; A magnitude 7.8 earthquake causes a tsunami that damages 1,000 kilometers of Chile's coastline.
* 1760 &ndash; French and Indian War: Battle of Restigouche – British forces defeat the French in the last battle in New France.
* 1776 &ndash; The Declaration of Independence is read out for the first time and the Liberty Bell is rung, in Philadelphia.
* 1808 &ndash; Joseph Bonaparte approves the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter intended as the basis for his rule as King of Spain.
* 1822 &ndash; Chippewas turn over a large section of land in present-day Ontario over to the United Kingdom.
* 1853 &ndash; US Commodore Matthew C. Perry arrives at Edo Bay (present-day Tokyo) with a treaty requesting trade.
* 1859 &ndash; Charles XV of Sweden/IV of Norway becomes King of Sweden–Norway.
* 1879 &ndash; Sailing ship *USS Jeannette* leaves San Francisco carrying an ill-fated expedition to the North Pole.
* 1889 &ndash; The Wall Street Journal is first published.
* 1892 &ndash; The city of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador is largely damaged by fire.
* 1898 &ndash; Crime boss Soapy Smith is killed in Skagway, Alaska.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1927 &ndash; Heavy rain in the night to July 9 causes major flooding in Saxony, Germany, killing 160 people.
* 1932 &ndash; The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its lowest level of the Great Depression, at 41.22.
* 1937 &ndash; Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan sign the Treaty of Saadabad.
* 1947 &ndash; Reports are broadcast that a UFO landed in Roswell, New Mexico.
* 1948 &ndash; The United States Air Force accepts its first female recruits into a programme called Women In the Air Force.
* 1960 &ndash; Francis Gary Powers is charged with espionage resulting from his flight over the Soviet Union.
* 1966 &ndash; King Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi is removed from power by his son Prince Charles Ndizi.
* 1982 &ndash; Assassination attempt on Saddam Hussein in Dujail.
* 1986 &ndash; Kurt Waldheim becomes President of Austria.
* 1989 &ndash; Carlos Menem becomes President of Argentina.
* 1990 &ndash; Germany wins the FIFA World Cup, defeating Argentina 1–0.
* 1992 &ndash; Thomas Klestil becomes President of Austria.
* 1994 &ndash; Kim Il-Sung dies. His son Kim Jong-Il takes over the role of supreme leader.
* 1997 &ndash; NATO invites the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland to join.

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Goran Ivanisevic, as a rank outsider, wins the Men's Singles title at Wimbledon, defeating Patrick Rafter in the final.
* 2003 &ndash; The first attempted separation of conjoined twins, carried in Singapore, fails, as Ladan and Laleh Bijani die of complications from the operation to separate them.
* 2004 &ndash; Heinz Fischer becomes President of Austria, two days after the death of his predecessor, Thomas Klestil.
* 2005 &ndash; The G-8 Summit in Gleneagles, Scotland, concludes, with promises of aid to developing countries.
* 2007 &ndash; Roger Federer wins his fifth consecutive Wimbledon Men's Singles tennis title, defeating Rafael Nadal in five sets.
* 2011 &ndash; The Space Shuttle Atlantis launches in the last launch of the Space Shuttle programme.
* 2014 &ndash; Israel launches Operation Protective Edge in the Gaza Strip, following the killing of Israeli teenagers which had led to tensions between Israel and Hamas.
* 2014 &ndash; Brazil v Germany: In the semi finals of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, the Brazil national football team is beaten 7-1 by the Germany national football team in a shock result. Several footballing and World Cup records are beaten in this match, in which Germany's Miroslav Klose scored his record-breaking 16th World Cup goal.
* 2016 &ndash; The New European, a new British pro–European newspaper, publishes its first weekly edition, in response to the Brexit vote.
* 2018 &ndash; In the British Government, David Davis resigns as Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1478 &ndash; Gian Giorgio Trissino, Italian humanist, poet and linguist (d. 1550)
* 1528 &ndash; Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (d. 1580)
* 1545 &ndash; Carlos, Prince of Asturias (d. 1568)
* 1593 &ndash; Artemisia Gentileschi, Italian painter (d. 1653)
* 1604 &ndash; Heinrich Albert, German composer and poet (d. 1651)
* 1621 &ndash; Jean de la Fontaine, French writer (d. 1695).
* 1640 &ndash; Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1660)
* 1735 &ndash; Domenico Vandelli, Italian naturalist (d. 1816)
* 1760 &ndash; Christian Kramp, French mathematician (d. 1826)
* 1792 &ndash; Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Queen of Bavaria (d. 1854)
* 1819 &ndash; Francis Leopold McClintock, Irish admiral and explorer (d. 1907)
* 1830 &ndash; Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg (d. 1911)
* 1830 &ndash; Frederick W. Seward, American lawyer and politician (d. 1915)
* 1831 &ndash; John Pemberton, American inventor, of Coca-Cola (d. 1888)
* 1836 &ndash; Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (d. 1914).
* 1838 &ndash; Eli Lilly, American soldier, chemist, industrialist and entrepreneur (d. 1898)
* 1838 &ndash; Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German inventor (d. 1917).
* 1839 &ndash; John D. Rockefeller, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1937)
* 1851 &ndash; Arthur Evans, English archaeologist (d. 1941)
* 1857 &ndash; Alfred Binet, French psychologist and graphologist (d. 1911)
* 1864 &ndash; F. Holland Day, American photographer (d. 1933)
* 1867 &ndash; Kaethe Kollwitz, German painter and sculptor (d. 1945)
* 1878 &ndash; Jimmy Quinn, Scottish footballer (d. 1945)
* 1882 &ndash; Percy Grainger, Australian-American pianist and composer (d. 1961) 
* 1885 &ndash; Ernst Bloch, German philosopher (d. 1977)
* 1885 &ndash; Hugo Boss, German fashion designer (d. 1948)
* 1890 &ndash; Walter Hasenclever, German playwright and poet (d. 1940)
* 1892 &ndash; Richard Aldington, English author and poet (d. 1962)
* 1892 &ndash; Pavel Korin, Russian painter (d. 1967)
* 1894 &ndash; Pyotr Kapitsa, Russian physicist (d. 1984)
* 1895 &ndash; Igor Tamm, Russian physicist (d. 1971)
* 1898 &ndash; Melville Ruick, American actor (d. 1972)
* 1900 &ndash; George Antheil, American pianist, composer and author (d. 1959)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1904 &ndash; Henri Cartan, French mathematician (d. 2008)
* 1905 &ndash; Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator (d. 1997)
* 1906 &ndash; Philip Johnson, American architect (d. 2005)
* 1907 &ndash; George W. Romney, American businessman and politician, 43rd Governor of Michigan (d. 1995)
* 1908 &ndash; Louis Jordan, American jazz and blues musician (d. 1975)
* 1908 &ndash; Nelson A. Rockefeller, American politician, 41st Vice President of the United States and 49th Governor of New York (d. 1979)
* 1914 &ndash; Jyoti Basu, Indian politician (d. 2010)
* 1914 &ndash; Billy Eckstine, American singer and trumpeter (d. 1993)
* 1918 &ndash; Paul B. Fay, American politician, 12th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 2009)
* 1918 &ndash; Irwin Hasen, American comic artist and cartoonist (d. 2015)
* 1919 &ndash; Walter Scheel, President of West Germany (d. 2016)
* 1920 &ndash; Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman (Lego group) (d. 1995)
* 1921 &ndash; Edgar Morin, French philosopher and politician
* 1923 &ndash; Harrison Dillard, American sprinter and hurdler
* 1924 &ndash; Johnnie Johnson, American pianist and blues musician (d. 2005)
* 1925 &ndash; Nicholas Brathwaite, former Prime Minister of Grenada  (d. 2016)
* 1925 &ndash; Marco Cé, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)
* 1926 &ndash; Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Swiss-American psychologist and psychiatrist (d. 2004)
* 1926 &ndash; David Malet Armstrong, Australian philosopher (d. 2014)
* 1930 &ndash; Jerry Vale, American singer and actor (d. 2014)
* 1931 &ndash; Thorvald Stoltenberg, Norwegian politician (d. 2018)
* 1932 &ndash; Franca Raimondi, Italian singer (d. 1988)
* 1933 &ndash; Peter Orlovsky, American poet (d. 2010) 
* 1934 &ndash; Marty Feldman, English comedian and actor (d. 1982)
* 1935 &ndash; John David Crow, American football player and coach (d. 2015)
* 1935 &ndash; Vitaly Sevastyanov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2010)
* 1938 &ndash; Dario Gradi, Italian-English football manager
* 1940 &ndash; Karin Hannak, Austrian artist
* 1941 &ndash; Michael K. Frith, British artist and television producer
* 1944 &ndash; Jai Johanny Johanson, American drummer
* 1944 &ndash; Jeffrey Tambor, American actor and singer
* 1945 &ndash; Micheline Calmy-Rey, Swiss Federal Councillor
* 1947 &ndash; Kim Darby, American actress
* 1947 &ndash; Luis Fernando Figari, Peruvian religious leader
* 1948 &ndash; Raffi, Canadian children's entertainer
* 1949 &ndash; Wolfgang Puck, Austrian-born celebrity chef
* 1949 &ndash; Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, Indian politician, 14th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (d. 2009)

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Anjelica Huston, American actress
* 1952 &ndash; Ahmad Nazif, former Prime Minister of Egypt
* 1952 &ndash; Larry Garner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1952 &ndash; Marianne Williamson, American author and activist
* 1955 &ndash; Monty Don, English gardener and television presenter
* 1956 &ndash; Millard Hampton, American sprinter
* 1957 &ndash; Carlos Cavazo, Mexican-American guitarist and songwriter
* 1957 &ndash; Aleksandr Gurnov, Russian journalist and author
* 1958 &ndash; Kevin Bacon, American actor and musician
* 1958 &ndash; Tzipi Livni, Israeli politician
* 1958 &ndash; Neetu Singh, Indian actress and costume designer
* 1959 &ndash; Tom Egeland, Norwegian writer and journalist
* 1959 &ndash; Billy Kimball, American screenwriter and producer
* 1959 &ndash; Robert Knepper, American actor
* 1959 &ndash; Pauline Quirke, English actress
* 1961 &ndash; Andrew Fletcher, English keyboardist
* 1961 &ndash; Toby Keith, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1962 &ndash; Joan Osborne, American singer and songwriter
* 1964 &ndash; Linda de Mol, Dutch actress and screenwriter
* 1964 &ndash; Alexei Gusarov, Russian ice hockey player and manager
* 1965 &ndash; Dan Levinson, American clarinetist, saxophonist and bandleader
* 1968 &ndash; Billy Crudup, American actor
* 1968 &ndash; Michael Weatherly, American actor, producer and director
* 1970 &ndash; Beck, American singer
* 1970 &ndash; Todd Martin, American tennis player and coach
* 1971 &ndash; Neil Jenkins, Welsh rugby player and coach
* 1971 &ndash; Amy O'Neill, American actress
* 1973 &ndash; Sally Lindsay, British actress
* 1973 &ndash; Kathleen Robertson, Canadian actress and producer
* 1974 &ndash; Jeanna Friske, Russian actress and singer (d. 2015)

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Ellen MacArthur, English sailor
* 1976 &ndash; Wang Liping, Chinese race walker
* 1977 &ndash; Christian Abbiati, Italian footballer
* 1977 &ndash; Milo Ventimiglia, American actor, director and producer
* 1977 &ndash; Wang Zhizhi, Chinese basketball player
* 1980 &ndash; Robbie Keane, Irish footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Anastasia Myskina, Russian tennis player
* 1982 &ndash; Sophia Bush, American actress
* 1982 &ndash; Pendleton Ward, American animator, screenwriter, producer and voice actor
* 1985 &ndash; Jamie Cook, English guitarist
* 1986 &ndash; Renata Costa, Brazilian footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Kenza Farah, Algerian-French singer-songwriter
* 1986 &ndash; Jake McDorman, American actor
* 1987 &ndash; Vlada Roslyakova, Russian model
* 1988 &ndash; Miki Roqué, Spanish footballer (d. 2012)
* 1990 &ndash; Kevin Trapp, German footballer
* 1991 &ndash; Jamie Blackley, Manx actor
* 1991 &ndash; Devon Conway, New Zealand cricketer
* 1992 &ndash; Sky Ferreira, American singer-songwriter and actress 
* 1992 &ndash; Benjamin Grosvenor, British pianist
* 1992 &ndash; Son Heung-min, South Korean footballer
* 1998 &ndash; Jaden Smith, American actor
* 2004 &ndash; Gayle, American singer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 810 &ndash; Pepin of Italy (b. 773)
* 901 &ndash; Grimbald, French-English monk and saint (b. 827)
* 975 &ndash; Edgar the Peaceful, English King (b. 943)
* 1153 &ndash; Pope Eugene III (b. 1087)
* 1538 &ndash; Diego de Almagro, Spanish explorer and general (b. 1475)
* 1623 &ndash; Pope Gregory XV (b. 1554)
* 1695 &ndash; Christiaan Huygens, Dutch astronomer and scientist (b. 1629).
* 1721 &ndash; Elihu Yale, American university benefactor (b. 1649).
* 1822 &ndash; Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (b. 1792).
* 1832 &ndash; Henry Raeburn, Scottish painter (b. 1756)
* 1850 &ndash; Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774)
* 1855 &ndash; William Edward Parry, English arctic explorer (b. 1790).
* 1859 &ndash; King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (b. 1799).
* 1864 &ndash; David Hazzard, American politician, Governor of Delaware (b. 1781)
* 1873 &ndash; Franz Xaver Winterhalter, German painter (b. 1805)
* 1893 &ndash; Abraham K. Allison, American politician, 6th Governor of Florida (b. 1810)
* 1897 &ndash; Isham G. Harris, American politician, 18th Governor of Tennessee (b. 1818)
* 1898 &ndash; Soapy Smith, American outlaw (b. 1860).

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1905 &ndash; Walter Kittredge, American violinist and composer (b. 1834)
* 1930 &ndash; Joseph Ward, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856)
* 1933 &ndash; Anthony Hope, English author and playwright (b. 1863)
* 1934 &ndash; Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer and academic (b. 1848)
* 1939 &ndash; Havelock Ellis, English psychologist and author (b. 1859)
* 1941 &ndash; Moses Schorr, Polish historian, rabbi and politician (b. 1874)
* 1942 &ndash; Refik Saydam, 5th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1881)
* 1943 &ndash; Jean Moulin, French Resistance leader (b. 1899)
* 1950 &ndash; Othmar Spann, Austrian sociologist, economist and philosopher (b. 1878)
* 1956 &ndash; Giovanni Papini, Italian journalist, author and critic (b. 1881)
* 1957 &ndash; Grace Coolidge, First Lady of the United States (b. 1879).
* 1962 &ndash; Georges Pataille, French writer and philosopher (b. 1897).
* 1967 &ndash; Fatimah Jinnah, Pakistani Mother of the Nation (b. 1893).
* 1971 &ndash; Charlie Shavers, American trumpeter (b. 1920)
* 1973 &ndash; Gene L. Coon, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1924)
* 1973 &ndash; Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-Israeli educator and politician (b. 1884)
* 1973 &ndash; Wilfred Rhodes, English cricketer (b. 1877)
* 1975 &ndash; Lennart Skoglund, Swedish footballer (b. 1929)
* 1979 &ndash; Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist (b. 1906).
* 1979 &ndash; Robert Burns Woodward, American chemist (b. 1917)
* 1985 &ndash; Simon Kuznets, Russian-American economist (b. 1901)
* 1985 &ndash; Jean-Paul Le Chanois, French movie director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1909)
* 1986 &ndash; Skeeter Webb, American baseball player and manager (b. 1909)
* 1987 &ndash; Lionel Chevrier, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1903)
* 1987 &ndash; Gerardo Diego, Spanish poet (b. 1896)
* 1988 &ndash; Ray Barbuti, American sportsman (b. 1905)
* 1990 &ndash; Howard Duff, American actor, director and producer (b. 1913)
* 1994 &ndash; Kim Il-Sung, President of North Korea (b. 1912)
* 1994 &ndash; Lars-Eric Lindblad, Swedish-American businessman and explorer (b. 1927)
* 1995 &ndash; Aleksander Arulaid, Estonian chess player (b. 1924)
* 1999 &ndash; Peter Conrad, American pilot and astronaut (b. 1930)

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; Ward Kimball, American animator (b. 1914)
* 2003 &ndash; Ladan and Laleh Bijani, Iranian conjoined twins (b. 1974)
* 2004 &ndash; Paula Danziger, American writer (b. 1944)
* 2006 &ndash; June Allyson, American actress (b. 1917)
* 2007 &ndash; Chandra Shekhar, 9th Prime Minister of India (b. 1927)
* 2011 &ndash; Betty Ford, First Lady of the United States (b. 1918)
* 2012 &ndash; Ernest Borgnine, American actor (b. 1917)
* 2014 &ndash; Ben Pangelinan, American-Guamanian politician (b. 1955)
* 2014 &ndash; John V. Evans, American politician, 27th Governor of Idaho (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; Irwin Keyes, American actor (b. 1952)
* 2016 &ndash; Javed Akhtar, Pakistani cricketer (b. 1940)
* 2016 &ndash; Abdul Sattar Edhi, Pakistani philanthropist, activist and humanitarian (b. 1928)
* 2016 &ndash; Harold A. Linstone, German-American mathematician and futurist (b. 1924)
* 2016 &ndash; William H. McNeill, Canadian-American historian and author (b. 1917)
* 2016 &ndash; Jacques Rouffio, French director and screenwriter (b. 1928)
* 2017 &ndash; Nelsan Ellis, American actor (b. 1977)
* 2017 &ndash; Elsa Martinelli, Italian actress and model (b. 1935)
* 2017 &ndash; Don Johns, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1937)
* 2018 &ndash; Alan Gilzean, Scottish footballer (b. 1938)
* 2018 &ndash; Tab Hunter, American actor and musician (b. 1931)
* 2018 &ndash; M. M. Jacob, Indian politician (b. 1927)
* 2018 &ndash; Oliver Knussen, Scottish composer (b. 1952)
* 2018 &ndash; Frank Ramsey, American basketball plauer (b. 1931)
* 2018 &ndash; Robert D. Ray, American politician, 38th Governor of Iowa (b. 1928)
* 2022 &ndash; Shinzō Abe, 2-time Prime Minister of Japan, assassinated (b. 1954)

## Observances 
* Air Force and Air Defense Forces Day (Ukraine)