open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
1997–98 El Niño event

In 1997–1998, an incredibly strong El Niño took place all over the world. The damage caused through this event totaled $30 billion to almost $98 billion overall. There were massive droughts, widespread floods and natural other disasters.

## Outcome
This El Niño was the strongest such event in the recorded history of the world. Almost all the warmings with this El Niño took place in the Eastern Pacific at South America.

## References
## Related pages
*1982–83 El Niño event
Steve Feinberg

**Stephen Andrew Feinberg** (born March 29, 1960) is an American businessman and investor who has been the 36th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense since 2025. He is the co-founder and former chief executive officer (CEO) of Cerberus Capital Management. Feinberg was also chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board from 2018 to 2021.

## References
Rick Davies

**Richard Davies** (22 July 1944 – 6 September 2025) was an English musician and singer-songwriter. He was best known as founder, singer and keyboardist of the rock band Supertramp. He wrote some of the band's well known songs including "Rudy", "Bloody Well Right", "Crime of the Century", "Ain't Nobody But Me", "From Now On", "Gone Hollywood", "Goodbye Stranger", "Just Another Nervous Wreck", "My Kind of Lady", "Cannonball" and "I'm Beggin' You". 

Davies died on 6 September 2025 in East Hampton, New York from problems caused by multiple myeloma at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Rick Davies at International Songwriters Association
Horst Krause

**Horst Krause** (18 December 1941 – 5 September 2025) was a German actor. In the 1990s, Krause became a popular TV character in the *Polizeiruf 110* crime series. Krause was also the lead actor in the 2003 movie *Schultze Gets the Blues*.

Krause died on 5 September 2025 at a retirement home in Teltow, Germany at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Horst Krause on Filmportal.de
Christoph von Dohnányi

**Christoph von Dohnányi** (; 8 September 1929 – 6 September 2025) was a German conductor. He was both music director and later artistic director at the Oper Frankfurt until 1977, and then worked at the Hamburg State Opera. He was music director of The Cleveland Orchestra from 1984 to 2002. He was principal conductor of London's Philharmonia Orchestra from 1997 to 2008. He was chief conductor of the NDR Symphony Orchestra from 2004 to 2010.

Dohnányi died in Munich, Germany on 6 September 2025, two days before his 96th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Christoph von Dohnányi biography at the Philharmonia
* Christoph von Dohnányi biography  at the Cleveland Orchestra
* Colbert Artists Management Inc.
* Interview with Christoph von Dohnányi, 9 February 2005
*
Anja Silja

**Anja Silja Regina Langwagen** (, born 17 April 1940) is a German soprano singer. Her career began in 1960 at the Bayreuth Festival, as Senta in *Der fliegende Holländer*. She also sang Elsa von Brabant in *Lohengrin*, both Venus and Elisabeth in *Tannhäuser*, Eva in *Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg*, Freia in *Das Rheingold* and Waldvogel in *Siegfried*. She appeared in Wieland Wagner's productions of *Salome* by Strauss, Wagner's *Tristan und Isolde*, *Die Walküre* and *Siegfried* (as Brünnhilde), *Elektra* by Strauss, Beethoven's *Fidelio*, Verdi's *Otello*, Alban Berg's *Lulu* and *Wozzeck* (conducted by Pierre Boulez). 

## References
## Other websites
*Interview with Anja Silja by Bruce Duffie, 5 December 1996.
* Colbert Artists Management Inc.
*
Brian Dayett

**Brian Kelly Dayett** (January 22, 1957 – September 7, 2025) was an American Major League Baseball outfielder. He played five seasons between 1983 and 1987 for the New York Yankees and Chicago Cubs. 

Dayett also played in Japan for the Nippon-Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball from 1988 until 1991.

Dayett was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2000. He died from problems caused by the disease on September 7, 2025 in Winchester, Tennessee at the age of 68.

## References
## Other websites
Tinkaton

**Tinkaton** is a small pink creature from the *Pokémon* video game series. It was introduced in *Pokemon Scarlet and Violet*, where it was designed by Megumi Mizutani. It is an "evolved" form of Tinkatuff, and Tinkatuff is the evolved from of Tinkatink. It is both a steel-type and fairy-type *Pokémon*. Tinkaton and it's pre-evolved forms are always female. 

## Appearance 
Tinkaton is a small, pink, humanlike creature with long pink hair, making it resemble a small child. It carries a very large hammer made of scrap metal that is larger than their entire body. Despite their size Tinkaton are very strong, and can easily swing their massive hammers to hit things into the air. They prey upon other Steel-type pokemon, especially a raven-like Pokemon called Corviknight. 

Tinkaton starts life as a Tinkatink, an even smaller pokemon that resembles a baby carrying a rattle. As it grows older and evolves, it gradually builds larger and larger hammers. 

## Origins 
Tinkaton are most likely based on Dwarves, a type of fictional creature from various mythologies. Like Tinkaton, Dwarves are small humanoids that are very good at making weapons.

## References
Ann-Marie Vaz

**Ann-Marie Theresa Vaz** (née **Lyew**; born 13 March 1966) is a Jamaican politician. She was the Member of Parliament for the Portland Eastern constituency from 2019 to 2025.

At the 2025 Jamaican general election, Vaz lost her seat to the PNP challenger Isat Buchanan.

## References
Paramount Skydance Corporation

**Paramount Skydance Corporation** (formerly Viacom/ViacomCBS/Paramount Global, known as Paramount/Paramount Skydance, and also known as Paramount: A Skydance Corporation, abbreviated as PSKY/PSKY Corp.) is an American mass-media & entertainment conglomerate based in New York City, New York, United States. It has assets by Paramount Skydance Corporation.

## External links
*Official website
## References
Tetsu Katayama

was a Japanese politician who was the prime minister of Japan from 1947 to 1948. He was the first socialist to become Japanese prime minister.

## References
## Other websites
*
Celeste

**Celeste** might mean:

* *Celeste*, a 2004 novel in the Gemini series of V. C. Andrews novels, ghostwritten by Andrew Neiderman
* *Celeste* (video game), a 2018 platforming video game
* Celesta, a musical instrument also known as a celeste
Jamal Al-Qabendi

**Jamal Yaqoub Al-Qabendi** (7 April 1959 in Kazmi – 13 April 2021) was a Kuwaiti footballer. He played for Kuwait in the 1982 FIFA World Cup. He died on 13 April 2021 from diabetes-related complications.

## References
## Other websites
*Jamal Al-Qabendi at FIFA
*
Samir Said

**Samir Saeed**  (5 November 1963 – 15 April 2012) was a Kuwaiti football goalkeeper. He died on 15 April 2012, after being hit by a car while jogging.

## References
American Frontier

The **American Frontier** is the culture that goes with the United States expanding westward. It began with the initial colonization of the United States in the 17th century, and continued into 1912. It led to expansionist feelings, starting at the Louisiana Purchase.
## Periodization
Historians disagree on when the Frontier era began. 
## References
Eucla, Western Australia

Eucla is a small town in the state of Western Australia. It is located near the border with South Australia, on the Eyre Highway, which connects the two states. Eucla is one of the few settlements along the long stretch of road across the Nullarbor Plain.

## Location 
Eucla is about 11 kilometers west of the South Australia border and around 1,430 kilometers east of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. It is in the area known as the Shire of Dundas.

## Population 
As of the 2021 Census, the population of Eucla was 53 people. Most of the people in the area work in tourism, road services, or nearby stations (large farms).

## History 
Eucla was founded in the 1870s. It was an important place for telegraph lines between Western Australia and the rest of the country. A telegraph station was built there in 1877. In the 1890s, a sandstorm partly buried the old station, and the ruins can still be seen today.

## Climate 
Eucla has a semi-arid climate. This means it is mostly dry, with hot summers and mild winters. It is one of the few places on the Nullarbor with a small amount of greenery, due to underground water.

## Tourism 
Eucla is a popular stop for people driving across Australia. It has a roadhouse, motel, fuel station, and basic services. Tourists often visit the Eucla Telegraph Station ruins and enjoy views of the Great Australian Bight.

## Time Zone 
Eucla has its own unofficial time zone called Central Western Time (CWT), which is UTC+8:45. It is not officially recognized but is used locally by residents and businesses.
Davey Johnson

**David Allen Johnson** (January 30, 1943 – September 5, 2025) was an American professional baseball player and manager. He played as a second baseman from 1965 until 1978. He played for the Baltimore Orioles, Atlanta Braves, Philadelphia Phillies and the Chicago Cubs. He managed the New York Mets, Cincinnati Reds, Baltimore Orioles, Los Angeles Dodgers and the Washington Nationals during his managerial career from 1984 until 2013.

He led the United States national team to its first medal finish in a World Baseball Classic, taking third place at the 2009 edition.

Johnson died at a hospital in Sarasota, Florida, on September 5, 2025 at the age of 82.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Dwellingup, Western Australia

Dwellingup is a small town in Western Australia. It is located about 100 kilometers south of Perth, in the Peel region. The town is surrounded by forests and is a popular place for camping, hiking, and outdoor activities.

## History 
Dwellingup was established in the early 1900s. The name "Dwellingup" comes from the Noongar Aboriginal language and is believed to mean “place of nearby water.”

The town was an important centre for the timber industry, and many people worked in sawmills. In 1961, a large bushfire destroyed much of Dwellingup, but the town was rebuilt.

## Geography 
Dwellingup is located in a forest area, with many jarrah and marri trees. The town is on the Darling Range, a line of hills inland from the coast.

Nearby natural attractions include:
*Lane Poole Reserve
*Murray River
*Nanga Brook
*Scarp Pool

These places are popular for swimming, canoeing, and bushwalking.

## Climate 
Dwellingup has a Mediterranean climate, with warm to hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.

Summer temperatures often reach above 30°C (86°F), while winters are cooler, with more rain, and daytime temperatures around 15°C (59°F).

The area gets more rain than many other inland towns, because of its forested and hilly location.

## Demographics 
Dwellingup is a small town with a population of about 400 people. Most people are Australian-born, and English is the main language spoken at home.

The town has a close-knit community and welcomes many visitors and tourists, especially on weekends and holidays.

## Economy 
The local economy is based on:
*Tourism
*Forestry
*Alcoa bauxite mining (nearby)
*Farming in nearby areas

Many people come to Dwellingup for eco-tourism and adventure tourism, such as mountain biking and hiking.

## Transport 
Dwellingup can be reached by road from Perth via South Western Highway and Del Park Road. There is no regular train service, but the town is home to the Hotham Valley Tourist Railway, which runs historic steam trains for tourists.

## Attractions 
Attractions in Dwellingup include:
*Hotham Valley Tourist Railway
*Lane Poole Reserve
*Munda Biddi Trail – a long cycling trail through forests
*Bibbulmun Track – a long-distance hiking trail that passes near the town
*Dwellingup History and Visitor Information Centre
Proceratophrys phyllostomus

***Proceratophrys phyllostomus*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home
Scientists saw the frog on the dead leaves on the ground in forests that were never cut down and forests that were cut down and are growing back. Scientists saw the frog between 680 and 800 meters above sea level.

Scientists found the frog near Reserva Particular Do Patrimônio Natural and Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi but they did not see the frog inside these places.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say they do not know if the frog is in danger or how much danger it is in. People change the places where the frog lives to make farms, tree farms, and places for cows to eat grass. Scientists say that only some of the forest is being cut down now and not many people are making new farms. They think other places that were forest may be growing back.

## References
2025 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election

The **2025 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election** was held on 4 October 2025 to elect the next president of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan.

The election was called after Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba announced that he would resign on 7 September 2025 as President of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan. 

In the first round of voting, Sanae Takaichi came in first place during the first round of voting with 31.07% of the vote. Shinjirō Koizumi came in second with 27.84% of the vote, meaning that both Koizumi and Takaichi advanced to the runoff. In the runoff, Takaichi garnered 54.25% of the vote against Koizumi, resulting in the election of the LDP's first woman president and most likely Japan's first woman Prime Minister.

## Candidates
### Declared 
### Declined 
* Shigeru Ishiba, incumbent Prime Minister (2024–present); Member of the House of Representatives (1986–present)
* Yōko Kamikawa, Minister for Foreign Affairs (2023–2024); Minister of Justice (2020–2021, 2017–2018, 2014–2015); Member of the House of Representatives (2000–2009, 2012–present)
* Katsunobu Katō, Minister of Finance (2024–present); Chief Cabinet Secretary (2020–2021); Member of the House of Representatives (2003–present) *(endorsed Koizumi)*
* Fumio Kishida, Prime Minister (2021–2024); Member of the House of Representatives (1993–present)
* Taro Kono, Minister for Digital Transformation (2022–2024); Minister for Foreign Affairs (2017–2019); Member of the House of Representatives (1996–present) *(endorsed Koizumi)*
* Seiko Noda, Minister-in-charge of Measures against Declining Birthrate (2021–2022); Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications (2017–2018); Minister of Posts and Telecommunications (1998–1999); Member of the House of Representatives (1993–present) *(endorsed Koizumi)*

## Polling

*(Figures in parentheses are approval ratings of Liberal Democratic Party supporters)*

## Results
## Notes
## References
Pinjarra, Western Australia

Pinjarra is a town in the state of Western Australia. It is about 86 kilometres south of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. Pinjarra is in the Peel region, near the Murray River.

## History 
Pinjarra is one of the oldest towns in Western Australia. It was settled by Europeans in the 1830s. The area was originally home to the Noongar people, the Aboriginal people of the southwest of Western Australia.

In 1834, the Pinjarra Massacre happened, where many Noongar people were killed by British soldiers. This is an important and sad part of the town’s history.

## Population 
As of the 2021 census, about 5,200 people live in Pinjarra. The town has grown in recent years because more people are moving away from Perth to smaller towns.

## Economy 
Pinjarra is known for aluminium production. The Alcoa alumina refinery near the town is one of the largest in the world. Farming and tourism are also important to the local economy.

## Transport 
Pinjarra is on the South Western Highway, which connects Perth to Bunbury. It also has a train station on the Transwa Australind line, which goes between Perth and Bunbury.

## Attractions 
*Hotham Valley Railway: A tourist steam train that runs on special days.
*Edenvale Heritage Precinct: A group of historic buildings and a museum.
*Murray River: A popular place for fishing, boating, and picnics.
*Ranger Red’s Zoo: A small zoo with Australian animals.

## Education 
Pinjarra has primary and high schools, including Pinjarra Senior High School. There are also nearby schools in Mandurah and other towns.
Waleed Al-Jasem

**Waleed S. Al-Jasem Al-Mubarak** (18 November 1959 – 26 May 2025) was a Kuwaiti footballer. He played for Kuwait at the 1982 FIFA World Cup.  He died on 26 May 2025, at the age of 65.

## References
## Other websites
* Waleed Al-Jasem at FIFA
*
Abdullah Mayouf

**Abdullah Yusuf Mayouf** (born 3 December 1953) is a former Kuwaiti footballer. He played for Kuwait at the 1982 FIFA World Cup. Mayouf is also a former deputy in the Kuwaiti National Assembly.

## References
## Other websites
*FIFA profile
Ionic liquid

An **ionic liquid** is a liquid made mostly of ions. The term is sometimes used to just mean **room-temperature ionic liquids**, which are liquid at below . Molten salts are another type of ionic liquid.

Ionic liquids are sometimes called "designer solvents", as an ionic liquid be prepared with specific different cations and anions to produce liquids with specific chemical and physical properties.

The first room-temperature ionic liquid was ethylammonium nitrate.

## Sources
ZingZillas

***ZingZillas*** is a British children's musical television series that originally aired on CBeebies from April 5, 2010 to June 11, 2012.

## Filmed 
* Series 1 Was Filmed From November 2009 to February 2010
* Series 2 Was Filmed From April to August 2010
* Series 3 Was Filmed from April to September 2011
* Series 4 Was Filmed From November 2011 to February 2012

## Characters 
* Zak
* Tang
* Panzee
* Drum
* Todd
* Auntie Dot
* DJ Loose
* The Beach Byrds 
* Gravel
* Granite
* Bobbles
* Boulder
* Stuffy
* The Rubbadubbers
* Cubby Buggy

## Credits 
* Director: Helen Scott (Series 1-3),Tom Poole (Series 1-2) And Iwan Watson (Series 4)
* Producer: David Collier (Series 1-2)
* Executive Producer For BBC: Alison Stewart
* Writer And Executive Producer For CBeebies: Tony Reed 
* Creator By: Barry Quinn And Stephen Cannon
* Animation Studio: Solution Studio 
* Writer And Series Producer: Dominic Macdonald 
* Prop Maskers: Andrew Mortmer (Series 1-2) And Charles Belling (Series 1-2)
* Set Design: Sarah Milton 
* Costume Designer: Vinilla Burnham (Series 1-2)
* Costume Team: Hannah Summer (Series 1-2),Ray Scott (Series 1-2),Lal D’Abo (Series 1-2),Debbie Phipps (Series 1-2),Karen Purvis (Series 1-2),Jane Smith (Series 1-2),Susan Smith (Series 1-2)
* Casting Director: Sami Khan (Series 4)

## Episodes
### Series 3 
### Series 4 
## Award And Nominees 
* ZingZillas Was 1 Nominates For BAFTA Kids’s Vote: Television 
* Dominic Macdonald Was 1 Nominations For Writer 
* Simon Davies Was 1 Nominations For Writer
* ZingZillas Was 3 Nominations For Live Action 
* Mike James Was 2 Nominations For Writer
Joseph Dube

**Joseph Douglas "Joe" Dube** (February 15, 1944 – September 8, 2025) was an American weightlifter and strongman competitor. He won a bronze medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the time of his death, he was the last senior male American weightlifter to win the world title in weightlifting, which he won in 1969. Dube was born in Altha, Florida.

Dube died on September 8, 2025 in Jacksonville, Florida at the age of 81.

## References
Proceratophrys salvatori

***Proceratophrys salvatori*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home
Scientists saw the frog in high grassy places. It lives on the ground near water, for example in forests around streams and rivers. This frog may be awake at night.  Scientists saw the frog between 100 and 1100 meters above sea level.

Scientists found the frog in some protected parks.

## Young
The tadpoles swim in streams that dry up for part of the year.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say the frog is not in danger of dying out. People turned the forest into places for animals to eat grass and then turned those places into soybean farms, sugar farms, and tree farms. Chemicals from these farms can also hurt this frog.

## References
Shigeru Oda

was a Japanese politician and lawyer who was a judge on the International Court of Justice from 1976 until 2003. He was vice-president of the court from 1991 to 1994. He was born in Sapporo, Japan.

Oda turned 100 in October 2024. He died on 4 September 2025, at the age of 100.

## References
Stefano Benni

**Stefano Benni** (12 August 1947 – 9 September 2025) was an Italian satirical writer, poet and journalist. His books were translated into around 20 foreign languages. He was born in Bologna, Italy.

Benni died on 9 September 2025 in Bologna from problems caused by a stroke, aged 78.

## Some works
* *Terra,* Pantheon Books, New York, 1985. 
* *Timeskipper,* translator Antony Shugaar, Europa Editions, New York, 2008. 
* *Margherita Dolce Vita*, translator Antony Shugaar, Europa Editions, New York, 2008. 
* *The story of Cyrano de Bergerac,* Pushkin Children's Books, London, 2014. 

## References
## Other websites
* Official website (Italian)
* "The Story of First-Aid and Beauty Case"
*
Stuart Craig

**Stuart Craig**  (14 April 1942 – 7 September 2025) was a British production designer. He designed movie sets and was known for his works with set decorator Stephenie McMillan. He was known for his works on all of the *Harry Potter* movies. Craig was born in Norfolk, England.

Craig was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, and won three: in 1982 for *Gandhi*, in 1998 for *Dangerous Liaisons*, and in 1996 for *The English Patient*. 

Craig died from problems caused by Parkinson's disease on 7 September 2025, at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Isoelectronicity

**Isoelectronicity** is a property of chemical species, which includes atoms, molecules, and ions. Two molecular entities are **isoelectronic** if they have the same number of valence electrons and the same structure of chemical bonds, even if the chemical elements involved are different.

The word **isoelectronic** comes from the prefix *iso-*, meaning "same".

## Examples 
Chemical elements that share a group in the periodic table are isoelectronic. Metallic beryllium, magnesium, calcium, and strontium all have two valence electrons.

Many main group elements form ions that are isoelectronic to noble gases. The sodium cation  and fluorine anion  are both isoelectronic to neon.

Carbon monoxide  and nitrogen  are isoelectronic because each atom has a lone pair and a triple bond. They are also isoelectronic to the nitrosonium cation  and cyanide anion .

Ethenone  is isoelectronic with , a tautomer of diazomethane. Diazomethane's other tautomer, , is isoelectronic with cyanamide, .

Acetone  and azomethane  are not isoelectronic. Although they have the same number of valence electrons, the structure of their chemical bonds is different.

## Sources
2025 Nepalese Gen Z protests

In September 2025, massive protests, commonly known as the **Gen Z protests** took place across Nepal, mainly organized by students and young citizens. 

## Background
The protests began following a nationwide ban on many popular social media platforms and due to the growing anger against the government for corruption and nepotism. The protests quickly became violent against public officials and vandalism of government buildings. Several government buildings were burned and several well known politicians and socialites were injured. Many young people said they joined the protests because they felt the government was not listening to their concerns. 

### Notable attacks
Former prime minister Sher Bahadur Deuba and his wife Arzu Rana Deuba were injured while their house was set on fire. They were handed to the police by protestors. Deputy prime minister Prakash Man Singh's house and car were set on fire, followed by the house of former president Bidya Devi Bhandari at Bhangal, Kathmandu. Former prime minister Jhala Nath Khanal's residence was also attacked and set on fire, injuring his wife Rajyalaxmi Chitrakar. 

Protestors set fire to many government buildings: part of Singha Durbar, the administrative headquarters of Nepal; the adjacent building of the Supreme Court of Nepal; the president's residence at Sital Niwas; the prime minister's residence at Baluwatar, and the headquarters of the Communist Party UML.

## Aftermath
On 9 September 2025, Prime Minister K. P. Sharma Oli, along with many other government ministers, resigned and left the country in response to the protests. That same day, it was reported that President Ram Chandra Poudel was going to resign, but it was later confirmed that he did not plan to resign.

The government lifted the ban on social media platforms on 9 September.

During the protests, there were talks about bringing back the King of Nepal, with former king Gyanendra of Nepal being seen as a "symbol of resistance".

On 12September, Sushila Karki was appointed as interim prime minister of Nepal. The protests had died down by 13 September.

## Notes
## References
Frans Gommers

**François Gommers** (5 April 1917 in Antwerp, Belgium &ndash; 20 April 1996) was a Belgian footballer.

## Honours
* Belgian First Division: 1937–38, 1938–39

## References
Jan Mastenbroek

**Johannes Christoffel Jan Mastenbroek** (5 July 1902 – 23 May 1978) was a Dutch football manager. He was the first manager of the Dutch East Indies, and managed them at the 1938 FIFA World Cup.

He was the chairman of the *Nederlandsch-Indische Voetbal Unie* (Dutch East Indies Football Union) and the vice-president of the Dutch East Indies Olympic Committee.

## References
Israeli airstrike on Hamas leadership in Qatar

On 9 September 2025, during the Gaza war, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) did airstrikes attacking the leadership of Hamas in the Leqtaifiya (Lektaifiya) district of Doha, the capital of Qatar. The IDF said the event was the result of an Israeli strike focused at Hamas officials in the city.

According to reports, the attack took place while Hamas officials were talking about President Donald Trump's proposal for a ceasefire in Gaza.

Hamas said that its leadership survived the attack, but that six people were killed.

## Aftermath
After the attack, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that "the [attacks] against the top terrorist chieftains of Hamas was a wholly independent Israeli operation [...] Israel initiated it, Israel conducted it, and Israel takes full responsibility." U.S. President Donald Trump spoke to Qatari Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani and thanked him for Qatar's "support and friendship to our country," while saying that another attack "will not happen again on their soil."

## References
Jhala Nath Khanal

**Jhala Nath Khanal** (, ; born 20 May 1950) is a Nepalese politician who was the 35th Prime Minister of Nepal from February 2011 to August 2011. He was the chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (CPN (UML)) and Leader of the Constituent Assembly Parliamentary Party of the CPN (UML). 

## References
Muhammad Ismail Darwish

**Muhammad Ismail Darwish** (), also known as **Abu Omar Hassan** (), is a Lebanese-born Palestinian politician who has been the chairman of the Hamas Shura Council since October 2023.

On 9 September 2025, Darwish was at the Hamas Headquarters in Doha, Qatar during an airstrike by Israel that was targeting him. He survived the attack.

## References
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai

**Krishna Prasad Bhattarai** (Nepali: कृष्णप्रसाद भट्टराई; 13 December 19244 March 2011) also known as **Kishunji** was a Nepalese political leader. He was the Interim Prime Minister from 1990 to 1991 when the country was moving away from having a monarchy to support democratic multi-party system. He later became the 29th prime minister in 1999 and left office a year later.

Bhattarai died at Norvic International Hospital in Godawari Municipality, Nepal from kidney and congestive heart failure caused by bronchitis on 4 March 2011, aged 86.

## References
Khalil al-Hayya

**Khalil al-Hayya** (; born 5 November 1960) is a Palestinian politician who was the deputy chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau from August to October 2024. He has been one of the acting quinquevirate leadership of Hamas, alongside Khaled Mashal, Zaher Jabarin, and Muhammad Ismail Darwish since 2024. He is also a member of the Palestinian Legislative Council since January 2006 as a representative of Gaza City. 

On 9 September 2025, it was reported that Hayya was targeted by Israel in an airstrike in Qatar, but survived.

## References
Khaled Mashal

**Khaled Mashal** (born 28 May 1956) is a Palestinian politician who has been the second chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau from 1996 until May 2017. He has been the acting leader of Hamas twice, from July 2024 until August 2024 and since October 2024. He was seen as one of the most well known leaders of Hamas since the death of Ahmed Yassin, alongside Ismail Haniyeh and Yahya Sinwar.

On 9 September 2025, it was reported that Mashal was present in the Hamas headquarters building in Doha, Qatar when it was struck by Israeli air strikes.

## Personal life 
Mashal married Amal Saleh Al-Boureni in 1980 or 1981.  He has three daughters and four sons. Currently, he lives in Qatar, where he moved in 2012.

## Notes
## References
Parmanand Jha

**Parmanand Jha** (; born 1946) is a Nepali politician who was the first Vice President of Nepal from 23 July 2008 to 31 October 2015.

## References
Jefferson Township, Greene County, Indiana

**Jefferson Township** is one of fifteen townships in Greene County, Indiana, United States.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,959. 

## References
Zaher Jabarin

**Zaher Jabarin** (; born 18 September 1968) is a Palestinian politician who is a member of the Political Bureau of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas). He is the head of the Office of Martyrs, Wounded, and Prisoners, and financial administrator in the Hamas Movement.

On September 9, 2025, it was reported that Jabarin was present in the Hamas headquarters building in Doha, Qatar when it was struck by Israeli air strikes.

## References
Worthington, Indiana

**Worthington** is a town in Jefferson Township, Greene County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,393 at the 2020 United States census. It is part of the Bloomington, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## References
Downton Abbey: The Grand Finale

***Downton Abbey: The Grand Finale*** is a 2025 historical drama movie directed by Simon Curtis from a screenplay by Julian Fellowes. It is the sequel to *Downton Abbey: A New Era* (2022) and the third and final movie in the *Downton Abbey* franchise. Many of the cast members that played in the first two movies of the series will return. Paul Giamatti and Dominic West return to their roles as Harold Levinson from the television series and Guy Dexter from the previous movie, respectively, while Joely Richardson, Alessandro Nivola, Simon Russell Beale and Arty Froushan join the cast into possible new roles that have not been revealed.

*Downton Abbey: The Grand Finale* is scheduled to be released by Focus Features on 12 September 2025.

## Premise 
The movie follows the Crawley family and the Downton Abbey staff as they enter the 1930s. When Mary finds herself at the center of a public scandal caused by her divorce and the family faces financial trouble, the entire household grapples with the threat of being embarrassed and losing their social status. The Crawleys must embrace change as the staff prepare for a new chapter with the next generation leading Downton Abbey into the future. 

## Cast 
## Production 
In March 2024, Imelda Staunton, who portrayed Lady Maud Bagshaw in the movie *Downton Abbey: A New Era*, confirmed that a third and final movie in the *Downton Abbey* franchise was being planned, with the main cast returning. In May, Paul Giamatti and Dominic West were announced to be returing to their their roles as Harold Levinson and Guy Dexter respectively, alongside Joely Richardson, Alessandro Nivola, Simon Russell Beale and Arty Froushan in untold roles. On 27 March 2025, the title was revealed as *Downton Abbey: The Grand Finale*.

### Filming 
Principal photography began on 13 May 2024 and wrapped in August.

## Release 
The premiere of the movie was in New York City on 8 September 2025. The movie is scheduled to be fully released to the public in cinemas on 12 September 2025, and on 11 September 2025 in Australia.

As part of a long-term deal with Amazon Prime Video for live-action movie from Universal and Focus, the movie will first stream on Peacock for the first four months of the pay-TV window, before moving to Prime Video for the next ten, then returning to Peacock for the remaining four.

## Reception 
### Critical response 
On the review gathering website Rotten Tomatoes, 91% of the 23 critics' reviews are positive.

## References 
## External links 
* 
*
Alan Warren (sailor)

**Alan Kemp Warren** (born 13 December 1935) is a British sailor. He won a silver medal in the Tempest class with David Hunt at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## Other websites
* 
*
Rolando García (Chilean footballer)

**Rolando Moisés García Jiménez** (born 15 December 1942) is a former Chilean footballer. He played for Chile in the 1974 FIFA World Cup.

## References
## Other websites
*FIFA profile
Ulf Schmidt

**Ulf** "**Uffe**" **Christian Johan Schmidt** (born 12 July 1934) is a former Swedish tennis player. He competed for AIK from Stockholm. In 1958, he and Sven Davidson won the doubles event at Wimbledon, after defeating the top seeds Ashley Cooper and Neale Fraser in the final. 

## Grand Slam finals
### Doubles (1 title)
## References
## External links
* 
*
Juan Santisteban

**Juan Santisteban Troyano** (born 8 December 1936) is a Spanish former football midfielder and manager.

## Honours
### Player
;Real Madrid
*La Liga: 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1963–64
*European Cup: 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60

### Manager
;Spain U23
*Mediterranean Games: 2005

;Spain U19
*UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship: 2007

;Spain U17
*UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship: 2007, 2008, Runner-up 2003, 2004
*FIFA U-17 World Cup: Runner-up 1991, 2003, 2007

;Spain U16
*UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship: 1991, 1997, 1999, 2001, Runner-up 1992, 1995

### Individual
*UEFA President's Award: 2001

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* National team data 
* 
* 
* 
* NASL profile
Roberto Leopardi

**Roberto Rafael Leopardi Laporta** (born 19 July 1933) is a former Uruguayan footballer. He played for Uruguay at the 1954 FIFA World Cup.
He later won the 1956 South American Championship with Uruguay.

## References
## Other websites
* FIFA profile
Art Becker

**Arthur C. Becker** (born January 12, 1942) is a former American basketball player.

## Other websites
*
*NJCAA profile
Marcel Loncle

**Marcel Loncle** (5 January 1936 – January 2026) was a French footballer. He played for France at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Loncle died in January 2026, at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*  Player profile at FFF
Ilie Datcu

**Ilie Datcu** (born 20 July 1937), also known as **İlyas Datça** is a Romanian former football goalkeeper and coach.

## Honours
### Player
**Dinamo Obor București**
*Cupa României runner-up: 1959–60
**Dinamo București**
*Divizia A: 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65
*Cupa României: 1963–64, 1967–68
**Fenerbahçe**
*Turkish League: 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*
*
Physical examination

A **physical examination** is when a doctor or nurse takes a look at a person to try to find any injuries or illnesses.
## Types 
### Routine 
The *routine physical*, also known as *general medical examination*, *preventive health examination*, *medical check-up*, or simply *medical*, is a physical examination performed on an asymptomatic patient for medical screening.  These are normally performed by a pediatrician, family practice physician, a physical therapist, physician assistant, a certified nurse practitioner or other primary care provider. Nursing professionals such as Registered Nurse, Licensed Practical Nurses can develop a baseline assessment to identify normal versus abnormal findings. These are given to the primary care provider. If necessary, the patient may be sent to a medical specialist for further examinations.

## References
Marcel Artelesa

**Marcel Artelesa** (2 July 1938 – 23 September 2016) was a French footballer. He played for France at the 1960 Summer Olympics, and the 1966 FIFA World Cup.

Artelesa died on 23 September 2016.

## Honours
;AS Monaco
*Division 1: 1963
*Coupe de France: 1963

## References
## Other websites
*Profile on French federation official site
*
*Profile
Loews Cineplex Entertainment

**Loews Cineplex Entertainment**, also called **Loew’s Incorporated**, was a company that ran movie theaters in North America.

The business was started by Marcus Loew in 1904. At first, the company was called *Loew’s* and showed silent films in small theaters. Later, it opened bigger theaters, including vaudeville houses and movie palaces. Its theaters were mostly in the East and Midwest of the United States. In 1969, the Tisch brothers bought the company and shortened the name to *Loews*. In 1998, Loews merged with the Canadian company Cineplex Odeon Corporation to become **Loews Cineplex Entertainment**, but went bankrupt in 2001, like many other major theater chains at the time. In 2003, the Canadian theaters joined Cineplex Galaxy (now Cineplex Entertainment). The company then merged with AMC Theatres on January 26, 2006.

## History
 in Toronto, Canada, in 1945]]
Loew’s Theatres was first created in 1904 in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Marcus Loew. The company began with small nickelodeon theaters that showed short silent films. Over time, it expanded into larger vaudeville houses and movie palaces, and its theaters became common in many American cities. In 1969, the Tisch brothers bought the company and changed the name to Loews. In 1985, Loews Corporation sold the theaters to A. Jerrold Perenchio. On October 20, 1986, Tri-Star Pictures, which was a joint-venture by The Coca-Cola-Company bought Loews for $300 million when the deal was closed in December, and when Tri-Star later joined Columbia Pictures, Sony inherited the theaters after it bought Columbia in 1989. On April 19, 1994, Loews was renamed **Sony Theatres**. At this time, Sony also partnered with basketball player Magic Johnson to create Magic Johnson Theatres, which focused on theaters in city neighborhoods in Los Angeles. In 1996, the name returned to Loews Theatres.

## Related pages 
* Cineplex Entertainment

## References
## Other websites
2025 in movies

This is a list of the movies from the year 2025 that made the most money.

1) Snow White, $5,247,784,549 

2) The Lilo and Stitch Remake, $1,035,967, 209

3) Minecraft, $ 957, 849, 195

4) Jurassic World Rebirth, $860,991,900

5) The How to Train Your Dragon Remake, $632,137,100

6) F1, $620,137,100

7) James Gunn’s Superman, $614,149,244

8) Mission Impossible: The Final Reckoning , $598,056,261

9) The Fantastic Four: First Steps, $515,139,770

10) Captain America 4, $415,101,577

## Outside Links
2024 in movies

This is a list of the movies from the year 2024 which made the most money.

1) Inside Out 2, $1,698,863,816

2) Deadpool 3, $1,338,073,645

3) Moana 2, $ 1,059,242,164

4) Despicable Me 4, $972,021,410

5) Wicked, $756,411,359

6) Mufasa, $722,631,756

7)Dune 2, $ 714, 844,358

8) Godzilla x Kong, $572,050,016

9) Kung Fu Panda 4, $547,946,428

10) Sonic 3, $492,162,604

## Outside Links
2018 in movies

This is a list of the movies that came out in 2018 which made the most money 

1) Avengers 3, $2,048,359,754

2) Black Panther, $1,346,913,161

3) Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,$1,308,467,944

4) Incredibles 2, $1,242,805,359

5) Aquaman, $1,151,961,807

6)Bohemian Rhapsody, $903,655,259

7) Venom, $856,085,151

8) Mission: Impossible – Fallout, $791,115,104

9) Deadpool 2, $734,546,611

10) Fantastic Beast 2, $655,755,901
2014 in movies

This is a list of the movies in 2014 which made the most money 

1) Transformers 4, $1,104,054,072

2) The Hobbit 3, $956,019,788

3) Guardians of the Galaxy, $772,776,600

4) Maleficent, $758,410,378

5) The Hunger Games Mockingjay Part One ,$755,356,711

6) X-Men 7, $746,045,700

7) Captain America 2, $714,421,503

8) Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, $710,644,566

9)The Amazing Spider-Man 2, $708,982,323

10) Interstellar, $681,070,397

## Other websites
Dariush Mostafavi

**Seyed Dariush Mostafavi** (, 8 September 1944 – 1 August 2025) was an Iranian football player and executive. He was the president of the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran between 1994 and 1997

He died on 1 August 2025, at the age of 80.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Mohammad Bayati

**Mohammad Bayati** (; born May 5, 1932) is a former Iranian footballer. He played for Iran in the 1964 Summer Olympics.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Showa Station (Antarctica)

Showa Station is a Japanese scientific research station located in East Antarctica, operated by the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR). It is used for various scientific studies, including research on the environment, climate, and ecosystems of Antarctica.

## History 
Showa Station was established in 1957 as part of Japan's ongoing efforts in Antarctic research. It is named after the Showa era (1926–1989), the reign period of Emperor Hirohito of Japan. The station has contributed significantly to scientific research in Antarctica over several decades.

## Location 
Showa Station is located on the coast of East Antarctica, specifically in the Soya Coast area of Queen Maud Land. Its coordinates are approximately 69°00′S 39°34′E. The station is accessible by sea during the warmer months but is isolated during the Antarctic winter due to extreme weather conditions.

## Research 
Showa Station focuses on a variety of scientific studies:
*Glaciology: Researching the Antarctic ice sheet and its movement.
*Climatology: Studying the local climate and its impact on the global environment.
*Marine biology: Studying the marine life around the Antarctic coast, including penguins and seals.
*Atmospheric science: Measuring air quality and atmospheric conditions in one of the most remote regions on Earth.

The station also conducts experiments on geophysics and seismology to understand the geological structure of the region.

## Facilities 
The station has several buildings to support research and daily life, including laboratories, living quarters, and storage facilities. Showa Station also has a heliport and uses land vehicles to explore the surrounding area during the summer months.

## Population 
During the Antarctic summer, Showa Station can accommodate about 20-30 researchers and support staff. In the winter, the number of residents is reduced to around 10-15 people due to the extreme conditions.

## Importance 
Showa Station plays a vital role in Japan's contribution to Antarctic research. Its research helps understand the impact of climate change on the polar regions and contributes to global efforts to monitor and preserve the Antarctic environment. The station is also important for studying the effects of climate change on Antarctic ecosystems and sea-level rise.
Troll Station

Troll Station is a scientific research station in Antarctica. It is operated by Norway and is located in Queen Maud Land, part of Antarctica. The station is used for research on climate, glaciology, and other environmental sciences.

## Location 
Troll Station is situated at 72°00′S 2°31′E, on the coast of Queen Maud Land in the Eastern Antarctic region. The station is located near the Sofia Coast of Antarctica and is close to the Southern Ocean.

## History 
Troll Station was established in 1990 by the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI). It was built to support scientific research in Antarctica and has been continuously operated since its opening. The station is named after the Troll mountain range nearby.

## Research 
Scientists at Troll Station conduct a variety of studies. These include research on:
*Glaciology: Studying ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica.
*Climatology: Examining the climate of Antarctica and its effects on the global environment.
*Biology: Researching the ecosystems and wildlife of Antarctica, especially the effects of climate change.
*Geophysics: Studying the Earth's magnetic field and seismic activity in the region.

## Facilities 
Troll Station has several facilities, including:
*Research laboratories for scientific work.
*Living quarters for researchers and support staff.
*A heliport for transportation by helicopter.
*Vehicles for land-based exploration during the summer months.

## Population 
During the summer months (October to February), the station can accommodate up to 30 researchers and staff. In winter, the population decreases to around 15-20 people because of the harsh weather conditions.

## Importance 
Troll Station plays an important role in Norwegian and international scientific efforts in Antarctica. It helps scientists monitor climate change and understand its impact on the environment. The research conducted at Troll Station contributes to the global understanding of Antarctica’s role in the Earth’s climate system.
One Battle After Another

***One Battle After Another*** is an American action thriller movie produced, written, and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. It is loosely based on the 1990 novel *Vineland* by Thomas Pynchon. The movie stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Sean Penn, Benicio del Toro, Regina Hall, Teyana Taylor, and Chase Infiniti in her movie debut.

*One Battle After Another* had its world premiere in Los Angeles on September 8, and was theatrically released in the United States by Warner Bros. Pictures on September 26, 2025. The movie received strong positive reviews. In 2026, it won the Academy Award for Best Picture.

## Awards
*One Battle After Another* was nominated for nine awards at the 83rd Golden Globe Awards, receiving the most nominations of any movie that year, winning four, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. 

It also made history at the 32nd Actor Awards by receiving seven nominations, including Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, and at least one nomination in all other movie categories. The movie also led the nominations at the 79th British Academy Film Awards, with fourteen overall, including Best Film and Best Director. 

At the 98th Academy Awards, it received the second-most nominations with thirteen, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and four acting nominations. It won Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Yaqui people

The **Yaqui**, **Hiaki**, or **Yoeme people**, are an ethnic group in Mexico who speak the Yaqui language, an Uto-Aztecan language. In the past, the Yaqui people lived on agriculture, growing beans, corn and squash (like many of the Indigenous peoples of the area). The Yaqui Native Mexicans who lived in the Río Yaqui region and in coastal areas of Sonora and Sinaloa fished as well as farmed. The Yaqui people also made cottonproducts. The Yaqui Native Mexicans have always been skillful warriors. The Yaqui Indians have been historically described as quite tall in stature. Yaqui men have an average height of 5 feet 11 inches (180 m) and Yaqui women have an average height of 5 feet 6.5 inches (169 m).
Plan de Rescate de Matemáticas

The **Plan de Rescate de Matemáticas** (Mathematics Rescue Plan) is an educational policy in the Community of Madrid made in 2025 by the Government of Isabel Díaz Ayuso to raise the level of students and reverse the lack of mathematics teachers.

The Plan was launched in response to the worrying lack of mathematics teachers in the region.

## Contents 
The initiative was presented on September 9, 2025 during Ayuso's visit to the Integrated Vocational Training Center of Móstoles, and contemplated more teachers and a firm commitment to mental calculation in the classroom, as a response to the "ideological recipes" of the Government of Spain.

## Reactions 
CCOO, UGT, ANPE and CSIF opposed third-year students taking the subject in schools and institutes.

The PSOE rejected that Mathematics and Engineering students teach because it will generate "low-cost workers".

Más Madrid told Ayuso to "adapt" teachers' salaries instead of stating that there is a "crisis" with mathematics.

## References