open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Central Powers

**The Central Powers** were a group of nations fighting against the Allied Powers during World War I.

The Central Powers lost the war to the Allied powers, which was composed of France, Russia and the United Kingdom. The Allied powers were later joined by Japan and Italy.

## Members 
* 
* 
* 
*
Pilosa

**Pilosa** is an order of mammals in the superorder *Xenarthra*.
To this order belong the sloths, suborder *Folivora* and the anteaters, suborder *Vermilingua*.
Quintana Roo

**Quintana Roo** is a Mexican state in the southeastern part of the country and the easternmost state in Mexico. Its capital is Chetumal, the name "Quintana Roo" is from a military general. The most money comes from tourism, for example, in Cancún or Playa del Carmen.
Bad Brains (band)

**Bad Brains** is an American band. They play hardcore punk music that is mixed with reggae music. The band formed in 1977 and is still playing now. The members are H.R. (singer),  "Dr. Know" (guitarist), Darryl Jenifer (bassist) and Earl Hudson (drummer).

The band originally formed in Prince Georges County, Maryland. It is close to Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. During most of their time together, Bad Brains has lived in Washington, D.C.  

The Bad Brains had a big effect on many hardcore punk bands, including Minor Threat who are also from Washington, D.C. They also had a big effect on the hardcore punk singer Henry Rollins. Rollins was the singer for the hardcore band Black Flag.

## References
Dead Kennedys

**Dead Kennedys** are a hardcore punk band from San Francisco. The band was led by Jello Biafra. Other original members were Klaus Fluoride, D.H. Peligro, and East Bay Ray. The band plays songs with strong political messages. During the 1980s, they had many fans in the punk rock music scene.

The Dead Kennedys formed in June 1978. In 1980, one of their songs called "California Über Alles" became popular in the punk music scene. In 1980, they recorded and released a song called "Holiday in Cambodia". That same year, they made their first album, *Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables*. In the early 1980s, the band toured all over the United States, Europe, and Australia.

In July 1987, the band broke up. After they broke up, they were charged with the crime of obscenity. A person saw the band's album *Frankenchrist* and complained to the Attorney General for the State of California and to Los Angeles prosecutors. The album included a picture that showed nine penises. In August 1987, the criminal trial ended but the jury could not make a decision. The album was banned from many record stores in the United States.

## Discography
### Studio albums
* *Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables* - September 1980 (# 33)
* *Plastic Surgery Disasters* - November 1982
* *Frankenchrist* - October 1985
* *Bedtime for Democracy* - November 1986

### Extended Play records
* *In God We Trust, Inc.* - December 1981

### Singles
* *California Über Alles* - June 1979
* *Holiday in Cambodia* - May 1980
* *Kill the Poor* - October 1980 (# 49)
* *Too Drunk to Fuck* - May 1981 (# 31)
* *Nazi Punks Fuck Off!* - November 1981
* *Bleed for Me* - July 1982
* *Halloween* - December 1982

### Videos
* *The Early Years Live* - July 1987
* *The Lost Tapes* - July 2003
* ''Live at DMPO's on Broadway* - February 2004
* *Farewell Tour Again with Dead Kennedys'' - May 2014

## Other websites
* Official site of the Dead Kennedys
* Alternative Tentacles - Record Label Launched by Dead Kennedys
Channel 4

**Channel 4** is a television channel that broadcasts to the United Kingdom. It started on 2 November 1982. On 10 December 2010, Channel 4 started a HD version of their channel on Sky.

## Programmes
## Notes
## References
The Snowman and The Snowdog
Peppa Pig closed 3rd October 2021 on E4
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress

The **B-52 Stratofortress** is a bomber which, with in-air refueling, can fly long distances to reach targets anywhere in the world. The B-52 can carry up to 70000 lbs of bombs and weapons in its large bomb bays, and on wing hard points.

This airplane is one of the most significant in modern aviation history on several levels. It was created in 1948 as a strategic nuclear bomber, and first flew in the early 1950s. The B-52 fought its first war, under the code name of "Arc Light" in Vietnam from 1965 through 1973. The B-52 is a direct ancestor of many of the airliners which have made Boeing Aircraft, one of the most successful privately owned aerospace company in the world. The B-52 will stay in military service until around 2040. It is not clear what will replace it as the United States Air Force's main strategic bomber.

## References
Xenarthra

The **Xenarthra** is a superorder of mammals. It is a group of placental mammals (infraclass Eutheria). They live at present only in the Americas, and are anteaters, tree sloths, and armadillos. 

Their origins can be traced back as far as the Palaeogene (about 60-65 million years ago (mya), shortly after the Mesozoic) in South America.  Xenarthrans developed and diversified extensively in South America during its long period of isolation, invaded the Antilles by the early Miocene, and then spread to Central and North America as part of the Great American Interchange. 

Nearly all of the once abundant big xenarthrans, such as ground sloths, glyptodonts, and pampatheres went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.

Xenarthrans differ from other placental mammals in several ways. The name Xenarthra means 'strange joints', and was chosen because their vertebral joints have extra articulations and are unlike those of any other mammals. The males lack external testicles, which are instead placed between the bladder and the rectum.  Also, xenarthrans have the lowest metabolic rates among the therians.

## References
Hudson River

]]

The **Hudson River** is in the State of New York and New Jersey in the United States. It is about 315 miles (507 km) long. The river runs from Lake Tear of the Clouds near Mount Marcy in Essex County in the north part of the state to New York Harbor in New York City at the south part of the state. It is named for Henry Hudson.

The Hudson River is a special kind of river called an estuary. There is some salt in the water from New York City north until Poughkeepsie. It is then fresh water from Poughkeepsie north until Lake Tear of the Clouds. The border for the salt in the water moves when the tide rises and falls. The Hudson is part of the Erie Canal from New York City to Albany. The Hudson River used to have a lot of pollution from industry, but it is becoming cleaner now.

The lower part of this river is the border between New York from New Jersey and is sometimes called the **North River**.

## Bridges that cross the Hudson River 
* George Washington Bridge
* Tappan Zee Bridge
* Bear Mountain Bridge
* Hamilton Fish Newburgh-Beacon Bridge
* Franklin D. Roosevelt Mid-Hudson Bridge
* Kingston Rhinecliff Bridge
* Rip van Winkle Bridge
* New York Thruway (Interstate 90-Interstate 87) Bridge
* Interstate 90 Bridge
George Washington Bridge

The **George Washington Bridge** is a suspension bridge over the Hudson River. It connects part of New York City, New York to Fort Lee, New Jersey. It is  long. It was designed by Othmar H. Ammann. Building began on October 21, 1927. The bridge was opened on October 25, 1931. It cost $59 million.

George Washington Bridge NY.JPG|Aerial view showing situation atop Palisades Sill
View south from George Washington Bridge walkway July 2017.jpg|View of New York City and New Jersey from south walkway

## References
## Other websites
Jürgen Klinsmann

**Jürgen Klinsmann** (, born 30 July 1964) is a German football player who started in Stuttgart, a club in Germany, when he was seventeen. In 1990 he won the FIFA World Cup with the Germany national team. Later, he also played for Internazionale Milano, Monaco, Tottenham Hotspur and Bayern Munich. In 2004 he became the coach of Germany national team, that was third in the World Cup of 2006. Taking his place in the German team is Joachim Löw. Klinsmann coached the United States men's national team from 2011 to 2016 and then Hertha BSC from 2019 to 2020. Since 2020, he has been manager for the South Korea national team.

## Player career 
Before Jürgen Klinsmann became a professional soccer player, he worked as a baker-associated in the baker's shop of his father in Stuttgart-Botnang. When he was young he played for Geislingen. The first team of his professional career was Stuttgarter Kickers. His career as a player ended in 1998 after the World Cup in France, as Germany was eliminated from the tournament by Croatia. He played for the under-21 and under-16 teams, as well as for ten years for the A team. In the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul he won the bronze medal. Jürgen Klinsmann played 221 Bundesliga games and scored 110 goals. In the national team of Germany he played 108 games and scored 47 goals. He played in the World Cup tournaments in 1990, 1994, and 1998. He scored 11 goals in the World Cup - second only to Gerd Müller as the German player with the most World Cup goals. In August 2004 he became the national coach of Germany. At the 2006 World Cup in Germany he won the bronze medal. After that he resigned. From the 1st June 2008 he coached Bayern Munich until he was dismissed on the 27th April 2009.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list West Germany's and Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Klinsmann goal*.

### Managerial
## Honours
### Player
#### Club
**Inter Milan**
*Supercoppa Italiana: 1989
*UEFA Cup: 1990–91

**Bayern Munich**
*FIFA World Cup: 1990
*UEFA European Championship: 1996; runner-up: 1992
*Summer Olympic Games: 1988 Bronze medal
*U.S. Cup: 1993

#### Individual
*Goal of the Year (Germany): 1987
*Bundesliga top scorer: 1987–88
**kicker'' Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1987–88
*Footballer of the Year (Germany): 1988, 1994
*Tottenham Hotspur Club Player of the Year: 1994
*FWA Footballer of the Year: 1994–95 (Tottenham Hotspur)
*Premier League PFA Team of the Year: 1994–95
*ESM Team of the Year: 1994–95
*IFFHS World's Top Goal Scorer: 1995
*Ballon d'Or runner-up: 1995
*FIFA World Player of the Year Bronze award: 1995
*UEFA Cup Top Scorer: 1995–96
*FIFA XI: 1996, 1999
*FIFA 100

### Manager
#### International
**Germany**
*CONCACAF Coach of the Year: 2013

## Literature
* Dietrich Schulze-Marmeling: *Strategen des Spiels – Die legendären Fußballtrainer*, Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2005, , S. 332ff.
* Jens Mende: *Jürgen Klinsmann – Wie wir Weltmeister werden*, Südwest-Verlag, München 2006, .
* Michael Horeni: *Klinsmann. Stürmer Trainer Weltmeister*. Scherz, Frankfurt/Main 2005, .

## References
## Other websites
*
Virtuoso

A **virtuoso** is someone (usually in the performing arts) who is an expert in his or her field. 

A musical virtuoso is one who plays a musical instrument very well.  Musicians who have exceptional talent and can play extremely fast and difficult music are "virtuosi" (plural of "virtuoso").  In the 19th century Niccolò Paganini was a virtuoso violinist as well as a composer.  Franz Liszt was a virtuoso pianist and composer.

Musicians may sometimes talk about “virtuoso music” meaning music which is so difficult that only a virtuoso could play it.

## References
Delaware River

The **Delaware River** is a large river estuary in the Northeast United States. It is about 280 miles (450&nbsp;km) long. It begins in the Catskill Mountains in southeast New York State and ends at the Atlantic Ocean at Delaware Bay. It forms the border or part of the border between the states of Pennsylvania and New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey and also between Delaware and New Jersey. The cities of Trenton, New Jersey, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania are on the **Delaware River**.

Another name for this river is the **South River**. It is named for Thomas West, 3rd Lord De La Warr, a colonial Governor of Virginia.

## Other websites
*A historical map made in 1639 of the Delaware River
Mal Evans

'''Malcolm 'Mal' Evans''' (27 May 1935 – 5 January 1976) was a road manager and assistant to The Beatles, the most popular rock and roll band of the 1960s.

Evans was hired to help Neil Aspinall, who was the band's original road manager. Tall and strong, Evans was sometimes called "The Gentle Giant". His wife was called Lil.

Aspinall's and Evans's jobs changed through the years. At first they were in charge of driving the Beatles's musical equipment to places where they were to perform, setting it up ahead of time, and taking it down later to prepare for their next show. As the band became popular, they had other people to help.

Evans sometimes served as a bodyguard to the Beatles, protecting them from fans who got out of control, or might want to hurt members of the band. He also sometimes forged their autographs on photographs, when the band themselves did not have the chance to sign them, and helped choose girls from concert audiences to meet later with the band. (Aspinall also did these duties.) After the Beatles stopped performing live in 1966, he worked for them in other ways.

Along with playing musical instruments on a few of their songs (organ on "You Won't See Me", trumpet on "Helter Skelter", tambourine on "Dear Prudence", and an  on "Maxwell's Silver Hammer"), and singing on "Yellow Submarine" and "You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)", Evans also helped with lyrics from time to time. Paul McCartney paid him in cash for help with "Fixing A Hole", instead of giving him co-credit.

Evans appeared on-camera in both *Magical Mystery Tour* (as a magician), and *Let it Be*. He is seen during the rooftop concert in *Let it Be*, stalling the police who had come to stop the Beatles from performing. The sound of their music had caused a traffic jam on the street below.

He was also responsible for Badfinger being signed to the Beatles's record label, Apple Records.

Evans was fired in 1970 by Allen Klein, who had taken over many of the jobs once held by the late Beatles manager, Brian Epstein. Later Evans separated from his wife, and moved to the United States. During 1974 he was a companion and helper to John Lennon, who was staying in Los Angeles while separated from his wife, Yoko Ono.

Early in 1976, Evans had a fight with his girlfriend, who called the police when he locked himself in a room with a air rifle. Fearing he might hurt other people, the police shot him dead. The policeman in charge admitted the shooting "was all a mistake".

Evans wrote an autobiography, *Living with the Beatles Legend*, which has never been published in full, but extracts were printed in 2005.
Camucamu

**Camucamu** (*Myrciaria dubia*), also called **camu camu**, **cacari**, and **camocamo**, is a type of tree that lives in the Amazon Rainforest.  Its fruit is high in Vitamin C.
Geddy Lee

**Geddy Lee** (born **Gary Lee Weinrib** on July 29, 1953 in Toronto, Ontario) is the Canadian bass guitarist, singer, and synth player of the rock band Rush. He is known for melodic basslines and high pitched singing. 

In the 1970s, Geddy Lee mainly used Rickenbacker 4001 basses. For the Grace Under Pressure album he used Steinberger basses. From the mid-80's to mid-90's he used Wal basses. Currently, he uses Fender Jazz basses.
Nancy Pelosi

'''Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi''' (born March 26, 1940) is an American politician. She served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2019 to 2023. She was also Speaker from 2007 to 2011. She represents the 12th district of California, which is part of the city of San Francisco. She was first elected to Congress in 1987. 

Pelosi is a member of the Democratic Party. She is the first woman to lead a major party in the United States Congress. She is also the first woman and the first Italian-American to be the Speaker of the House. On January 3, 2019, Pelosi was elected speaker for the second time. This would make her the first former speaker to become speaker again since Sam Rayburn in 1955.

In the 2022 midterm elections, Republicans won control of the House, thus ending her second speakership. She announced her retirement as the leader of the House Democratic Caucus, but said she would remain a member of the House. On November 29, 2022, the House Democratic Caucus appointed Pelosi Speaker Emerita of the United States House of Representatives.

In November 2025, Pelosi said that she would not run for re-election in 2026. Her father, Thomas D'Alesandro, Junior, was Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland. He served five terms in Congress. Her brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, also was Mayor of Baltimore. He died in October 2019, aged 90.

Pelosi graduated from Trinity College in Washington, D.C. in 1962. She and her husband, Paul Pelosi, have five children: Nancy Corinne, Christine, Jacqueline, Paul and Alexandra. They also have five grandchildren.

## Political activity
On September 24, 2019, Pelosi announced the start of first impeachment hearings into Donald Trump. In December 2019, the House formally impeached Trump, though he was later acquitted in the Senate.

On January 14, 2021, Pelosi announced the start of the second impeachment hearings into Donald Trump. In February 2021, the Senate acquitted Trump with a vote of 57 senators voting "guilty" to 43 "not guilty". 

On August 5, 2022, China imposed sanctions on Speaker Pelosi and her immediate family. This was because she visited Taiwan on August 2.

Pelosi will retire from Congress in 2027 after announcing in November 2025 that she would not run for re-election in 2026.

## References
Taxidermy

.]]
]]

**Taxidermy** (which comes from the Greek word for "the arrangement of skin") is act of taking the skin of an animals and preserving it, by putting it on a fake body. If you perform taxidermy, you **taxiderm**. Taxidermed animals can be mounted and put on display, sometimes in a museum or a home. People who taxidermy animals are called taxidermists. Many hunters and fishermen taxidermine the animals they catch and kill for trophies. Ones that are on display in museums are used to make dioramas and for educational purposes. Some people taxiderm their pets and other street animals.
Freddy Krueger

**Freddy Krueger** is a fictional character from the *A Nightmare on Elm Street* movies. He was created by Wes Craven and he is the bad guy of the movies. In the first movie a mom told her kid that a long time ago, Freddy killed a bunch of people's kids and the parents got mad and they burnt Freddy. Right before Freddy died some ghosts told Freddy that he can come back to life if he will take over dreams, and Freddy said yes, so he became a vengeful spirit who kills people in their dreams.

## Story
In suburban Ohio, Freddy went after the kids of the parents that killed him. During their nightmares, Freddy would be there and he would kill them in their dreams, and whatever Freddy did in the dream would happen in real life. Then there was this girl named Nancy, she had nightmares about Freddy, and wanted to kill him to stop him from killing anymore. So on purpose, one night she fell asleep to fight Freddy.

## Movies
There have been 8 movies involving Freddy Krueger, a crossover battle movie between him and Jason Voorhees, and a remake was made in 2010. The first 8 starred Robert Englund as Freddy, but in the new one, a man named Jackie Earle Haley plays him.

## What he wears
### Claw glove
In the movie Freddy has this claw he wears, it has fingernails built into it made out of knives. This is a very dangerous weapon, he kills people with it. He has had the same glove throughout all of the 7 movies. But there was another movie, *New Nightmare*, where his claw was remodeled to look scarier.

### His clothes
Freddy wears a dirty, torn, old red and green sweater and pants. He also wears a dirty brown hat. Freddy's classic outfit was changed in the movie called *New Nightmare*.
Embalming

**Embalming** is the act of preserving a dead body, so it will not decompose.  If a human body is not embalmed, it will start to decay very quickly.  Because of this, most bodies are embalmed if they will be on display (for example, lying in state) for a funeral. 

Embalming is similar to mummification, which many ancient peoples did to dead bodies.  Embalming is different from taxidermy, where only the skin is preserved.

## History 
### Mummification
 Tutankhamen.]]

The oldest mummified corpses that have ever been found were mummified around 5000-6000 BCE.  These corpses are called the Chinchorro mummies.  These dead bodies were mummified by ancient people who lived in the Atacama desert, in what is now Chile and Peru.

The ancient Egyptians often mummified dead bodies.  They started mummifying corpses as early as 3200 BCE.  They believed that once a dead body was mummified, the body's soul could find its way back to the body and begin its journey to the afterlife.

### Ancient embalming
Ancient cultures from Ethiopia, Peru, Tibet, and southern Nigeria also used embalming techniques.  So did the Guanches, the Jivaro Indians, the Aztecs, the Toltecs, and the Mayans.

### The 19th century
In the 19th century, many people became more interested in embalming dead friends and relatives.  For example, sometimes a person might want to be buried at a far-away place.  However, first, the people who cared about them would want to see their body and pay their last respects to that person.  They could do this if the body was embalmed, because the body would not decay.

In the United States, embalming became very common during the time of the Civil War.  This happened because many people died far from home while fighting in the war.  Their bodies needed to be returned home to be buried, and embalming kept their bodies from decaying during these long trips.
# The embalmer injects chemicals (called embalming fluids) into the body's blood vessels.  This causes the blood and other fluids in the body to drain out of the body, and replaces them with the chemicals.
# The embalmer breaks open the hollow organs in the body and fills them with embalming fluids.
# The embalmer may inject embalming fluid under the skin.
# The embalmer may use embalming chemicals right on the skin if the body has injuries.

Usually, embalming takes a few hours.
* Buddhism
* Most branches of Christianity
* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons)
* Hinduism
* The Society of Friends (Quakers)

Some religions, like some Neopagan religions, discourage embalming, but do not forbid it.

Some religions say that embalming is never allowed.  These religions include:
* The Bahá'í Faith
* Islam and Judaism (except in places where laws say bodies must be embalmed)
* Zoroastrianism

## Related pages 
* Taxidermy

## References
Eva Perón

**María Eva Duarte de Perón** (May 7, 1919 – July 26, 1952) was the second wife of Argentine President Juan Perón. She was born in Los Toldos. She was the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until she died and she served with her husband as an unofficial co-ruler of Argentina during those years. Before she died, the National Congress of Argentina made her **Spiritual Leader of the Nation**. She was an actress before she married Perón.

## Early life 
Eva grew up fairly poor and had wanted to become an actress since an early age. At sixteen, she left school and moved to Buenos Aires to pursue her dream of stardom. She got a job at a radio station there until she met Juan Perón at a charity concert held for the victims of the earthquake of San Juan in 1944. Soon, the two became very close and they were married on October 21, 1945. Eva was an active campaigner in Juan Perón's presidential campaign in 1946, and when he was elected, she continued to play an active government role.

## Accomplishments 
By the time of her death, she was one of the most powerful women, or maybe even the most powerful woman, in the world. She is known for her work in many charitable and feminist causes, and became an icon to many people in Argentina. Evita was President of the Peronist Women's Party, a big and powerful political party made up of women who supported the Peróns' party. She ran the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Health. She helped legalize divorce in Argentina, as well as playing a leading role in enacting women's suffrage in Argentina. The Maria Eva Duarte de Perón Welfare Foundation gave a lot of funds, goods and medicine to the poor. The poor liked Evita Perón a lot. Her life inspired a musical called *Evita* and a movie based on the musical called *Evita*. The movie starred Madonna.

## Death 
Her cancer was detected during a hysterectomy in November 1951, but the doctors were encouraged by Juan Perón, to keep it to themselves in order to not influence the presidential campaign negatively. German doctors were also involved in the treatment of Evita Peron. In December 1951, the German gynaecologist Professor Dr. Hans Hinselmann was flown to Argentina, the developer of the colposcopy which he had already developed in 1924/1925, which made early detection of cervical cancer possible for the first time. On 24 July 1952, two other experts from Germany joined the team: Dr. Paul Uhlenbruck from Cologne, a cardiovascular specialist, and Dr. Heinrich Kalk from Kassel, a liver specialist.Mehr anzeigen

When she died of cervical cancer in Buenos Aires, her corpse was embalmed After her husband was overthrown in a coup d'état in 1955, her body was lost for almost 20 years, until it was found in Italy. It was brought back to Argentina and buried with her husband after he died in 1974. It was brought back by the President Isabel Perón, who was married to Juan Perón years after Eva's death. In memory of her life's work, a giant portrait on the front of Argentina's Social Development Ministry was unveiled on 26 July 2011, exactly 59 years after her death.

## References
Richard Strauss

, 1918)]]
**Richard Strauss** (born Munich June 11, 1864; died Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, September 8, 1949) was a German composer.  He soon became very famous when he was a young man.  His tone-poems including *Also sprach Zarathustra* were played by orchestras all over Europe.  After 1900, he spent most of his time writing operas including *Salome*.  His opera *Der Rosenkavalier*, written in 1910, is extremely popular.  Strauss was the last great composer who wrote in a Romantic style.  He liked the music of Wagner who was a great influence on his music, but he also liked Mozart and his work also shows the elegance and grace of Mozart’s music.  Strauss was a very good conductor and often conducted his own music.  

He is not related to the Austrian Johann Strauss family famous for their waltzes.
Boston Marathon

The **Boston Marathon** is a famous marathon which is run every April in Boston, Massachusetts on Patriot's Day. It started in 1897 and is the world's oldest annual marathon. The distance of the race is 26.2 miles or 26 miles and 385 yards. To participate, runners need to qualify ahead of time by getting a certain time on another marathon first. This time is different depending on how old the runner is. (Every year, some runners who do not qualify are allowed in by raising money for charity).

## 2013 bombings
During the 2013 Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, two explosions happened near the finish line at 2:49 PM EDT. Three people were killed and around 183 people were injured.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Ultramarathon

An **ultramarathon** is a running race that is longer than a 26.2 mile marathon race.  The most common distances for ultramarathons are:

*50 Kilometers (31 miles)
*50 Miles (80.5 kilometers)
*100 Kilometers (62 miles)
*100 Miles (161 kilometers)

The most famous ultramarathon run in the United States is the Western States 100 Mile Race.
Captain Planet

**Captain Planet** is the main character of the animated television series Captain Planet and the Planeteers. He is a superhero  when the powers of Earth, Fire, Wind, Water, and Heart are put together. On June 27, 2013, Sony Pictures announced that they are currently producing a live-action movie based on Captain Planet.

## References
## Other websites
* Captain Planet Foundation
* Ted Turner's Captain Planet site 
*
* The Rubber Chicken - Captain Planet Comic Analysis 
* What Would Captain Planet Do? 
* Mother Nature Network 

Pl:Nowe ptzygody kapitana planety
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base

**Guantanamo Bay** is a bay in the south of the island of Cuba. Part of it is controlled by the United States. They took control of it in 1903, under a treaty between the United States and Cuba. The current government of Cuba does not see this treaty as legal. They say it violates International law (more specifically, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969).

The southern part of the bay is surrounded by a navy station of the United States. The name of the station (or base) is sometimes shortened to GTMO, called "Gitmo". The mission of this station is to act to prevent terrorism, help people who are fleeing Cuba and stop drug crime.

This base is also now used as a place to keep people captured by American forces from Afghanistan and Iraq. Also some prisoners were taken from other countries, like Britain and France. Some people say that these people do not get the rights that they should get as prisoners of war under the Geneva Conventions. One reason that they are there may be that the laws of the United States do not apply to them. According to some well-known human rights groups, some prisoners have been tortured  and others may have been badly treated according the FBI Inquiry. This has also been reported by some Europeans who were taken by CIA "torture flights" and have now been released.

## Status
There is a lot of argument about Guantanamo Bay. This camp is a navy base and would sometimes hold people who had escaped from the Cuban government by sea. Now it also has a prison for people who oppose the United States, including some soldiers.  Some people have called it a concentration camp. George W. Bush has said that it is sometimes used for prisoners of war, but many human rights groups accuse America of keeping people from countries they are not at war with. This was shown to be sometimes true when British prisoners were returned home in 2003.

This camp may be used for prisoners who are seen as terrorists by the United States. These people are detained because there is not enough evidence to give them a trial in a court. About 300 to 400 men are in this prison. They are almost all Muslims who are said to have attacked American troops. Some of these people were captured during the war in Afghanistan. Some were taken by force from other countries. There has been some evidence of torture taking place at the camp. Some prisoners have tried to kill themselves. Others have been on hunger strike, where they refuse to eat. These prisoners are not forced to work, but they have not been given fair trials.

There is now some work starting to bring Guantanamo prisoners to some justice. Some people have been sent back to their home countries, some have been sent to other countries. Some people who were shown to not be terrorists have then been released by their governments, some people are now in prison in their home countries. Some Uyghur people from China have been sent to Albania, possibly because China did not want them back.

## References
85

*85* *(number)*

## Events 
*Dacians led by Decebalus fought in two wars against the Romans from this year to AD 88 or 89.
*Domitian stopped a Dacian invasion of Moesia
*Jealous of Gnaeus Julius Agricola's success in Britain, Domitian recalled and  poisoned the general.
*Domitian makes himself censor for life. This gives him the right to control the Senate.  His totalitarian tendencies put the senatorial aristocracy against him.
*Baekje invades Silla in the Korean peninsula. The war continues till the peace treaty of 105.

## Births 
*Ptolemy, Greek astronomer. (approximate date)

## Deaths 
*Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman general, poisoned.
Salt mine

, in Poland]]
A **salt mine** is a mine where salt is taken from the earth. Very often, this is done in the mountains. It is different from a salt evaporation pond, where salt is taken from salt water. Getting salt from different layers of rock in a mountain used to be a very dangerous job. The Romans used to sentence prisoners to this kind of labour.

Usually the salt is mixed with rock that has chlorides and sulfates. 

Empty salt mines are used very often as a storage area, for example, for unused radioactive elements (from nuclear power plants). Salt mines are empty if there is no salt left to take, or if taking the salt that is left would be too expensive.
Riot

**Riots** happen when many people meet to be violent. This can happen after sports events, during demonstrations. or as a protest. Rioters damage cars and buildings and attack other people, among other things.

The police are brought out to stop riots. In the Western world, they use shields and fight with soft weapons, for example with water cannons or rubber bullets, as well as with batons. When riots really get out of control, the police also use tools that can hurt people, such as tear gas and pepper spray, and put the rioters under arrest. Riots are very dangerous and sometimes lead to deaths.

There have been many riots all over the world, especially in England, Northern Ireland, the United States, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Australia, France, Hong Kong, and Mainland China.

## References
Johann Strauss I

**Johann Strauß I** (born Vienna, 14 March 1804; died Vienna, 25 September 1849) was as Austrian composer, conductor and violinist. He and his family were famous composers of dance music, especially waltzes. He is usually known as Johann Strauss I or Johann Strauss Sr (Senior), while his son, who was also called Johann, is usually known as Johann Strauss II or Johann Strauss Jnr (Junior). The waltz was just becoming popular in the early 19th century and Johann Strauss I wrote many delightful waltzes and other dance music for the court balls. His most famous tune is the *Radetzky-March* which became a musical symbol of the power of the Habsburg monarchy.

## References
Johann Strauss II

**Johann Strauss II** (born Vienna, October 25, 1825; died Vienna June 3, 1899) was an Austrian composer, conductor and violinist. His father, also called Johann, was also a very famous composer, and is now known as Johann Strauss I (or Johann Strauss Sr) while his eldest son is called Johann Strauss II (or Johann Strauss Jr). Strauss became very famous for his waltzes. He was known as the “King of the Waltz”. His most famous one was called *An der schönen, blauen Donau* (known in English as *The Blue Danube*).

## Early life 
His father wanted him to go in for banking, but the young Johann took violin lessons in secret from a man called Franz Amon who was the leader of his father’s orchestra. He continued his violin studies with Anton Kohlmann, a violinist who helped ballet dancers to learn the music they had to dance to. He was still only 18 when he got his own orchestra together and gave his own concert which included six of his own waltzes and some of his father’s. He was soon becoming more famous than his father.

After his father died in 1849, the two orchestras joined into one and the young Johann was their conductor. He was given the title “k.k.Hofballmusikdirektor” (meaning; musical director of the Court Ball). He was always especially busy during Carnival time when there were lots of balls in Vienna. He toured most of Europe with his orchestra, even going to Russia where he conducted some music by Tchaikovsky. Johann Strauss II was becoming the “king of the waltz”, the most famous musician in Austria.

## Career 
Johann Strauss II wrote two operas: *Die Fledermaus* (*The Bat*) and *Zigeunerbaron* (*Gypsy Baron*). They are full of fun: lively music and jokes which can sometimes be made different in each performance: the singers can put in their own jokes about modern times. Sometimes they are called operettas because they are so light-hearted. They are a mixture of Hungarian and Viennese atmosphere.

Together with his brothers Josef and Eduard, Johann had complete control of the balls and concerts in the houses of the rich people in Vienna. Wherever he went he was surrounded by lots of admirers. His waltzes are still as popular as ever, and millions of people in different countries hear them on television on New Year's Day when they are played by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra at their traditional New Year’s Day concert.

## References
Treason

**Treason** is when a person acts against his/her country. For example, somebody might help another country fight a war against or loot his country by keeping secrets or failing to protect his country. In history, treason has often included the assassination of leaders. Treason against the king was called high treason and treason against a lesser role was called petty treason. A treasonous person is called a **traitor**. 

Outside the field of law, the word "traitor" can be used to describe a person who betrays a group to which he or she belongs. Thus, people may be accused as "race traitor" or "class traitor". These accusations can often be unclear when the accused do not consider themselves to be in the group.

Some famous traitors are Judas Iscariot, Marcus Junius Brutus, Benedict Arnold, Philippe Pétain, La Malinche and Vidkun Quisling.

Persons accused of treason can be many. During the Reign of Terror many thousands were executed as traitors. After World War II many thousands of Soviet soldiers who had been prisoners of war were immediately sent to Gulag as traitors.

## In different countries 
### Australia 
Section 80.1 of the Criminal Code in the schedule of the Australian Criminal Code Act 1995 defines treason. A person is not guilty of treason if his help is purely humanitarian.

The only appropriate punishment for treason is life in prison.

### Canada 
Section 46 of the Criminal Code defines two types of treason. They are "treason" and "high treason". It is also illegal for any Canadian citizen to do anything defined in the code outside Canada.

High treason is punished by life in prison. Treason is punished by life in prison at most, or up to 14 years in prison.

### New Zealand 
New Zealand has treason laws that are stated under Section 73 of the Crimes Act 1961. The punishment is life in prison, except for conspiracy. The punishment for conspiracy is 14 years at most. Treason was the last crime to be punished by death in New Zealand.

Very few people have been prosecuted for treason in New Zealand.

### United States 
Treason is defined in the United States Constitution in Article III, Section 3. However, Congress has made laws that punish other actions that hurt national security. Some examples are the 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts, or the 1917 Espionage Act.

The punishment for treason in the United States is death or at least five years in prison, and at least a $10,000 fine. In addition, traitors cannot hold any office in the United States.

### Japan
Japan *per se* does not have a law of treason. Instead it has an separated offence against be involved in foreign aggression (this can be since from invasion to espionage) against the State of Japan (; literally "crime of foreign mischief"). 

Both Japanese and non-Japanese nationals can be equally convicted of said offence.

The Empire of Japan used to have a crime similar to the one of "high treason" in English-language countries (). This law was abolished with the American occupation of the country after World War II.

## References
Zatch Bell!

***Zatch Bell!*** is a Japanese-American animated television series, anime, and manga. The series is about a teenage boy, named Kiyo, who found this boy named "Zatch". Zatch is actually a *Mamodo*. He came from the *Mamodo World* where hundreds of other Mamodos came from. However, another Mamodo, named Zeno, somehow erased Zatch's memory. Zatch can not remember anything of his past in the Mamodo World. The reason why all the Mamodos are in the real world is to battle. When one enters the world, they must find a human to be their partner and to use a book of spells that came with them. Only humans can read the spells and cause the Mamodo to do a certain action. Examples of these spells would be to create a lightning bolt, create a shield, or move very fast. As a person becomes stronger physically and emotionally new spells are written into the book so that the human can read and use them.

By burning the book, the Mamodo gets sent back to the Mamodo World. If the Mamodo gets badly beaten, he will also be sent away. The last Mamodo standing will be 'King' of the Mamodos. Zatch decides that he wants to be a *Belovelent King* or * King* to stop all the battles. In their adventure, they come across many enemies and allies.

## Characters 
### Zatch Bell
Zatch Bell is the titular main character of this story.
### Kiyo Takamine
Kiyo Takamine is another main character of this story. He is the partner of Zatch Bell. And he is very cool.
### Tia
Tia is one of Zatch's friends.
### Megumi
Megumi is one of Kiyo's friends. She is the partner of Tia. And she is a famous Japanese idol.
### Zofis
Zofis is one of main antagonists. He is evil genius. He likes manipulate others.

### Koko
Koko is the partner of Zofis.

## References
## Other websites
*Information on the English anime
Ed Kavalee

**Edward Robert Kavalee** (born 30 June 1979) (also known as **The Prize King**) is an Australian actor and radio host.  Ed is a graduate of Screenwise, Australia's Leading Film & TV School for actors in Sydney. He is on *Santo, Sam and Ed’s Sports Fever!*, with Santo Cilauro and Sam Pang

He was on the *Get This* radio show on Triple M in Australia with Tony Martin.  He was also part of the cast of ''Thank God You're Here*, and host of *TV Burp''.

Kavalee is an experienced Theatresports performer, and is part of the ensemble cast on Working Dog Productions' improvised comedy show ''Thank God You're Here*.

Kavalee said on Get This on September 26, 2006 that he auditioned for a role playing Buddy Holly in an American telemovie but was too tall.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* Official Ed Kavalee page on Triple M 
* *Get This'' official page on Triple-M's Melbourne web site
Meow

A **meow** or **miaow** is a sound made by cats. There are different types of meows, such as ones that mean the same thing as "hello," ones that ask for food, or ones that let people know when they are annoyed, among other things.

The meow is used by kittens to their mother. It is a plea for attention, and experts think pet cats use it because they often need owners to do things for them. Adult cats do not meow to other cats.

Different languages have different ways of spelling "meow." For example, English has been using the *meow* spelling since 1842 and before that, it used the *miaow*, *miau*, or *meaw* spellings. Spanish and German still use the *miau* spelling while French uses the *miaou* spelling. 

Cats in Ancient Egypt were called "Mau".

## References
Richard Marsland

**Richard Marsland** (a.k.a. **Armitage Shanks**, 1976 - 2008) was an Australian comedy writer, actor, comedian and radio personality.

He was best known for his work on television shows, for example *The Glass House* and *Rove Live*. He also co-hosted on Triple M with Pete Helliar and Myf Warhurst, as well as a daily morning show in Adelaide called AM Adelaide. He then hosted the Late Date Show with Bessie Bardot on 2DayFM, 92.9 and Fox FM.

In December 2008, Marsland died. The cause of his death is not known.

## On Air Nicknames 
* Marsland had many nicknames given to him by the *Get This* hosts. They also often refer to his Wikipedia page and the constant battle between Wikipedia moderators and users expanding the list and vandalising the page.

* His 'self-assigned' nickname, used as a pseudo-stagename was "Armitage Shanks" (the name of a manufacturer of bathroom fixtures and plumbing supplies)
* His favourite nicknames were "Marslando Calrissian" and "Dikipedia"
* His least favourite was "Mars Bar"

## References
## Other websites 
* Alphabetical list of Marsland's nicknames
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

The **Speaker of the United States House of Representatives** is the head of the United States House of Representatives.  The Speaker is elected by the current members of the House. A  with more than half of the votes becomes Speaker.

## Duties
* The Speaker has always been a member of the majority party (the party with the most members) but does not have to be an elected member of the House of Representatives(although has always been one). The main roles of the Speaker are to keep the House in order and to assign committee memberships and chairmanships. It is an important and powerful position in government.

## Background
Sam Rayburn is the only person to have served as Speaker of the House for more than ten years.

Theodore M. Pomeroy served as Speaker of the House for one day after Speaker Schuyler Colfax resigned to become Vice President of the United States; Pomeroy's term as a Member of Congress ended the next day.

Sam Rayburn, Henry Clay, Thomas Brackett Reed, Joseph William Martin, Jr., Frederick Muhlenberg, John W. Taylor, and Nancy Pelosi are the only Speakers of the House to have ever served in non-consecutive Congresses (another Speaker served in between each tenure).

## Order of succession
The Speaker of the House is third in line for president of the United States. If the president dies or steps down, the vice president becomes President. If there is no vice president, the Speaker of the House automatically becomes acting president.

## List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives 
This table includes the congressional district and political affiliation of each Speaker, as well as the number of their Congress and time that they spent in the position: 

## References
Experience

**Experience** is knowledge a person gets by doing something or watching someone else do it.  Experience is learning through actions. 

Some religious groups and teaching methods value learning by experiencing.
For example, if someone wants to learn about the game chess, they would play several games. By making mistakes and learning from them, they learn more rather than just reading about playing.

## Types of experience
Experience is often divided into four types:  

Someone who experienced by watching or doing something himself is said to have *first-hand experience*.

When one person tells another person, the other person has *second-hand experience*.

When an experience is felt or enjoyed through imagined participation, the person has had a "*vicarious experience*".

A religious experience is a spiritual event seen by someone. Holy books like the Bible talk about visions or dreams where men like Moses, Daniel or Jesus met God. Mystics also describe these events, and offer advice. William James wrote a famous book about the kinds of religious experience.

## Proverbs about Experience
* "Only the foolish learn from experience — the wise learn from the experience of others." Romanian proverb. (Fools go out, make their own mistakes and learn from them. Smart people learn from others' mistakes.)
* "Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other." Benjamin Franklin (Fools refuse to learn in school from textbooks or teachers. Fools choose to learn only from their own mistakes. They will not learn in a school classroom.) or (Experience is a great teacher and teaches many of life's most important lessons, but only fools will refuse to get new knowledge in other ways too. Examples of other ways to learn things are listening, reading, remembering, and reasoning.)

## Related pages 
*A priori and a posteriori
*Empiricism

## Other websites 
* http://www.primeguru.com (Site discontinued) Learn from other's experiences and let others learn from your experiences