open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Irina Bogacheva

**Irina Petrovna Bogacheva** (Богачёва, Ирина Петровна; 2 March 1939 – 19 September 2019) was a Soviet-born Russian mezzo-soprano. She was a professor of singing at the St Petersburg State Conservatory.

She was a People's Artist of the USSR, recipient of the State Prize of the USSR, State Prize of the Russian Federation, Order For Services to the Fatherland IV Class, and Honorary Citizen of St Petersburg.

## Selected Discography
* Irina Bogachyova: Vocal Recital: Valentyn Borysov *The Stars in the Sky*. Pyotr Bulakhov ''Don't Wake Me Up* Dargomizhsky aria from The Stone Guest. Gavrilin songs. A. I. Shishkin *No, It Is Not You I Love So Passionately* Solovyov-Sedoy *In the boat* Aleksandr Yegorovich Varlamov *O Do Not Kiss Me''. Russian Disc.

## References
Fidlar

**Fidlar**, stylized as **FIDLAR**, is a punk rock band from Los Angeles, California.

The band's name is an acronym for **F**uck **I**t **D**og, **L**ife's **a** **R**isk.

## Works 
### Studio albums 
### Extended plays 
### Singles 
*"No Waves / No Ass" (2012)
*"Cheap Beer" (2012) (First released as cassette in 2011 with tracks "Chinese Weed" and "Carnivore Girls")
*"Wait for the Man" (2012)
*"Awkward" (2013) (First released as split with The Orwells - "Awkward / Always N Forever")
*"40oz on Repeat" (2015)
*"West Coast" (2015)
*"Drone" (2015)
*"Sabotage" (2016) (Beastie Boys cover)
*"Alcohol" (2018)
*"Are You High?" (2018)
*"Too Real" (2018)
*"Can't You See" (2018)
*"Flake" (2019)

## Music videos
## References
## Other websites
* 
* FIDLAR  at Mom + Pop Music
* FIDLAR at Wichita Recordings
* FIDLAR at Dine Alone Records
Weekend View

**Weekend View** was a weekend morning show on The Weather Channel that aired from 5:00 to 11:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastern Time on Saturday and Sunday mornings. It gave the forecast for the weekend, as well as the week ahead.

## Program history 
Weekend View was supposed to debut on September 17, 2005, but it was delayed to October 1, 2005 due to the busy Atlantic hurricane season. Initial plans included a primetime talk show in the second quarter of 2006, but that never came to function.

In fall 2006, Stephanie Abrams left the show for *Abrams & Bettes Beyond the Forecast* with Mike Bettes and was not replaced. A year later, Samantha Mohr joined The Weather Channel to replace Kelly Cass, who moved to *PM Edition*. Cass returned to the program in May 2008. In April of that year, Dao Vu (who was the second non-meteorologist to host a live program, the other being Liz Jarvis-Fabian, who was with The Weather Channel from 1986 to 1989) left and was not replaced.

In March 2009, *Weekend View* was extended to 5-11&nbsp;a.m. ET, replacing *Weekend Outlook*. By this point Bill Keneely was moved to *PM Edition*, and Betty Davis joined Kelly Cass on the 7-11&nbsp;a.m. block. Jeff Morrow and Alex Wallace hosted the new 5-7&nbsp;a.m. block.

In July 2010, Betty Davis left the show and The Weather Channel. She was replaced by Maria LaRosa.

In November 2010, Cass moved to *Weather Center* and Maria LaRosa joined Todd Santos for *Weekend Now*. Jen Carfagno and Eric Fisher were their replacements on the 7-11&nbsp;a.m. block.

In July 2012, Wallace left for *First Outlook*, and was replaced by Danielle Banks. In October, Morrow left The Weather Channel, and was replaced by Ray Stagich. In November, Banks left for *Weekend Now* and *Weather Center Live*, but was not replaced.

In July 2013, Eric Fisher left The Weather Channel, and was replaced by Reynolds Wolf.

On November 10, 2013, Weekend View aired its last broadcast. It was replaced by *Weather Center Live* on November 16, as part of the 2013 relaunch of The Weather Channel.
Harold Mabern

**Harold Mabern, Jr.** (March 20, 1936 – September 19, 2019) was an American jazz pianist and composer. He worked in the hard bop, post-bop, and soul jazz fields. He was called by *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* as "one of the great post-bop pianists".  He was born in Memphis, Tennessee.

Mabern died on September 19, 2019 in New York City at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*Johnson Jr., George V., *Talking Jazz with Harold Mabern*, Entertainment, Tuesday, July 14, 2009
Howard Cassady

**Howard Albert** "**Hopalong**" **Cassady** (March 2, 1934 – September 20, 2019) was a professional American football running back.  He won the Heisman Trophy in 1955. He was added into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1979. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons, seven of them for the Detroit Lions, with whom he won the 1957 NFL Championship Game. He briefly played for the Cleveland Browns and the Philadelphia Eagles. 

Cassady was born in Columbus, Ohio. He studied at Ohio State University. Cassady died on September 20, 2019 at his home in Tampa, Florida at the age of 85.

## References
Yonrico Scott

**Yonrico Scott** (October 6, 1955 – September 20, 2019) was an American drummer and percussionist. He was a longtime member of the Grammy winning The Derek Trucks Band. He was the bandleader of the Yonrico Scott Band, and later worked with the Royal Southern Brotherhood, with Cyril Neville.

## References
Su Beng

**Su Beng** (9 November 1918 – 20 September 2019) (), whose given name was **Shih Chao-hui** (), was a Taiwanese dissident and political activist. He was born in Shirin Town, Taihoku Chō, Japanese Taiwan (modern-day Shilin District of Taipei, Taiwan). 

He was known as the “Che Guevara of Taiwan". In April 1994, he began the Taiwan Independence Action motorcade, which he conceived as a way to raise the Taiwanese people’s political awareness. He fought for Taiwanese independence. 

Su died in Taipei on 20 September 2019 of pneumonia at the age of 100.

## References
## Other websites
*Taiwan in Time: Revolutionary in exile
*Website About Su Beng maintained and written by his English Biographer Felicia Lin
*Su Beng's personal (Chinese language) website
*Taipei Times FEATURE: Su Beng: Staying true to the fight for independence
Oui, oui, oui, oui

"**Oui, oui, oui, oui**" (, "Yes, yes, yes, yes") is a song by French singer Jean Philippe. Pierre Cour and Hubert Giraud wrote it. The song was released as an EP and a single in 1959. It represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1959.

## Eurovision Song Contest 1959 
### Selection 
"Oui, oui, oui, oui" participated in a national final organized by French broadcaster RTF in 1959. The song won it. For that reason, RTF sent it to represent France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1959.

It was performed first, before Denmark's Birthe Wilke with "Uh, jeg ville ønske jeg var dig". In the end, the song received 15 points. It placed third out of 11.

## Formats 
## Rankings 
## Release history 
## Related pages 
* France in the Eurovision Song Contest

## Notes
Fontanezier

**Fontanezier** was a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the  municipalities of Fontanezier, Romairon, Vaugondry and Villars-Burquin joined together to become the new municipality of Tévenon.

## References
Charles Gérard

**Charles Gérard** (1 December 1922 – 19 September 2019) was a French actor and director. He appeared in more than fifty movies between 1957 through 2019. He worked with director Claude Lelouch in many movies. He was a close friend of Jean-Paul Belmondo for over 60 years. His best known movies were *The Toy*,* Animal* and *A Man and a Woman: 20 Years Later*.

Gérard died on 19 September 2019 in Paris at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
Tévenon

**Tévenon** is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the former municipalities of Fontanezier, Romairon, Vaugondry and Villars-Burquin merged to form the new municipality of Tévenon.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Arnex-sur-Orbe

**Arnex-sur-Orbe** is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois.

## Other websites 
* Official Website 
* Municipality Information
Séamus Hegarty

**Séamus Hegarty**, D.D. (26 January 1940 – 20 September 2019) was an Irish Roman Catholic prelate. He was Bishop of Raphoe from 1982 to 1994, then as Bishop of Derry from 1994 to 2011. Hegarty was born in Kilcar, County Donegal, Ireland.

In November 2011, Hegarty was diagnosed with a "neurodegenerative disease" which forced him to resign from his job. The Holy See announced on 23 November 2011 that his resignation had been accepted.

Hegarty died on 20 September 2019 in Letterkenny, County Donegal, Ireland at the age of 79.

## References
Gregorio Martínez Sacristán

**Gregorio Martínez Sacristán**' (19 December 1946 &ndash; 20 September 2019) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. Martínez Sacristán was ordained to the priesthood in 1971. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zamora in Spain from 2006 until his death in 2019.

Martínez Sacristán died on 20 September 2019 in Madrid at the age of 72.

## References
Robert Boyd (journalist)

**Robert Skinner Boyd** (January 11, 1928 – September 20, 2019) was an American journalist. He was born in Chicago. He spent most of his career working for the Knight Newspaper Group. 

He and Clark Hoyt won a Pulitzer Prize in 1973 for discovering the fact that Senator Thomas Eagleton, George McGovern's choice for vice president, had had severe psychiatric problems and undergone three shock treatments. Instead of publishing their scoop, they told their findings to McGovern's top advisor, and Eagleton withdrew as the Democratic nominee.

Boyd died from congestive heart failure at a nursing home in Philadelphia on September 20, 2019 at the age of 91.

## References
Bert Hellinger

**Anton "Suitbert" Hellinger** (16 December 1925 – 19 September 2019), also known as **Bert Hellinger**, was a German psychotherapist and inventor of the pseudoscience known as the family constellation.

Born in Leimen, Germany to a Catholic family. At the age of 10, he was a seminarian in a Catholic order. Despite this, at the age of 17 he enlisted in the army and fought alongside the Nazis at the front, being imprisoned in Belgium.  At the age of 20, with the end of the war, he became a priest. He graduated from the theology and philosophy course at the University of Würzburg in 1951.  He was sent as a Catholic missionary to South Africa, where he served as principal of several schools, such as Francis College, Marianhill. In 1954, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Africa, and a year later he graduated with a degree in university education. 

In the late 1960s, he abandoned the clergy and returned to Germany, where he began to study Gestalt therapy. He moved to Vienna to study psychoanalysis. There, he met his first wife, Herta, a psychotherapist. In 1973 he moved to California to study primal therapy with Arthur Janov. There, he became interested in transactional analysis.Hellinger divorced Herta and married Marie Sophie. With this wife, he took courses, workshops and seminars in several countries. 

## Works
* Hellinger, B. (2001).  ''Love's own truths: Bonding and balancing in close relationships *(M. Oberli-Turner & H. Beaumont, Trans.).  Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen.
* Hellinger, B. (2002).  *Insights: Lectures and stories.*  (J. ten Herkel, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag.
* Hellinger, B. (2002). *On life & other paradoxes: Aphorisms and little stories from Bert Hellinger *(R. Metzner, Trans.). Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen.
* Hellinger, B. (2003). *Farewell family constellations with descendants of victims and perpetrators *(C. Beaumont, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag.
* Hellinger, B. (2003). *Rachel Weeping for Her Children: Family Constellations in Israel* Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-International.
* Hellinger, B. (2003).*  Peace begins in the soul: Family constellations in the service of reconciliation *(C. Beaumont, Trans.).  Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag.
* Hellinger, B. (2006). *No waves without the ocean: Experiences and thoughts *(J. ten Herkel & S. Tombleson, Trans.).  Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag.
* Hellinger, B. (2007). *With God in mind. * Berchtesgaden, Germany: Hellinger Publications.
* Hellinger, B. (2009). *Natural Transcendence*. Hellinger publications.
* Hellinger, B. & ten Hövel, G. (1999).  *Acknowledging what is: Conversations with Bert Hellinger.  *Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen.
* Hellinger, B., Weber, G., & Beaumont, H. (1998).  *Love's hidden symmetry: What makes love work in relationships.  ''Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen.

## References
## Other websites
* hellinger.com  Official page
Child World

**Child World** was a toy store chain founded by Sid Shneider and Joseph Arnesano. In 1962 they opened their first store in Quincy, Massachusetts, inspired by the popularity of Toys "R" Us, which had already been around for a few decades and was favoured by most parents. 

## Stores and marketing 
In 1977, Child World took over Children's Palace, another toy store chain founded in 1968. With that, they became the second biggest toy store behind Toys R Us, which in some areas had stores close to Child World locations. 

Child World's main ("flagship") store opened in 1989 in Framingham, Massachusetts, near the Shoppers World mall. The store was a success, and Child World changed the layout of eleven other stores to match up with the Framingham location. 

### Mascot 
In 1979, Child World introduced a mascot named Peter, a panda who wore  with his name on them. 

## Bankruptcy 
Child World started to struggle financially in the 1990s. Eventually toy makers stopped shipping to Child World stores, which made it hard to keep toys on the shelves for customers. In an attempt to save the company, Child World fired many of its employees and replaced them with people who had previously worked for Toys R Us. 

In May 1992 Child World filed for bankruptcy, held clearance sales at all 71 of its locations, and closed half of its stores. The company attempted to merge with Kiddie City, another toy store chain which was struggling financially. However, the plan failed, and by the end of 1992 Child World closed all 71 of its stores.

Children's Palace still operates five stores in year-round locations (three in Ohio and two in Florida) as well as multiple pop-up locations during the holiday season.
Islam in Assam

, one of the oldest mosque in Assam located at Dhubri.]]
Islam is the second largest and fastest growing religion in Assam. Assam is also home to a large number of Indian Muslims. According to the 2011 census, 36% of Assam's population is Muslim. According to the more late estimates 2021, 42% of the population could be Muslim now. 12 out of 32 districts of Assam is now Muslim majority and 5 districts have high Muslim population concentration.

## Related pages
* Hinduism in Assam
* Christianity in Assam

## References
Ford Doolittle

**W. Ford Doolittle**  (born February 21, 1941 in Urbana, Illinois) is Professor Emeritus at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.  

Doolittle is an evolutionary and molecular biologist. He is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and other awards.

Doolittle studied cyanobacteria. He found evidence for the endosymbiont origins of chloroplasts. He has a theory for the initial evolution of eukaryotes. He has shown why horizontal gene transfer is important to prokaryotic evolution.

In 1981, Doolittle received notice for his article in *The CoEvolution Quarterly* entitled "Is Nature Really Motherly?".  This was a criticism of J. E. Lovelock's formulation of the Gaia Theory. Doolittle's article is often cited by Lovelock's critics.

Doolittle thinks the idea of an all-encompassing Tree of Life is wrong. However, he is not a supporter of intelligent design. A *single* common ancestor and tree of all of life on Earth is not the only way  evolution could have happened.

## References
Ibrahim El-Orabi

**Ibrahim Abdel Ghafour El Orabi** (, ); 20 May 1931&nbsp;– 18 September 2019) was an Egyptian Army Lieutenant General. He was the 13th and former Chief of Staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces from 1983 through 1987. He was a member of the Free Officers Movement. El-Orabi was born in El-Gharbeyya, Egypt.

El-Orabi died on 19 September 2019 in Cairo at the age of 88.

## References
Chet Baker

**Chesney Henry Baker Jr.** (December 23, 1929 – May 13, 1988) was an American jazz trumpeter, pianist and singer. He was born in Yale, Oklahoma. He was known for his albums *Chet Baker Sings* and *It Could Happen to You*. He was also known for his drug problems. Baker was in and out of jail before enjoying a career surge in the late 1970s and '80s.

Baker died after falling off a balcony from his Amsterdam apartment on May 13, 1988 while under the influence of heroin and cocaine at the age of 58.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* "Baker, Chet", *Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture*.
Malin Krastev

**Malin Krastev** (; born 23 April 1970) is a Bulgarian actor and director. He is known for his movies *Stonehearst Asylum* (2014) and *The Petrov File* (2015). He is also known for his role as Storch on the television series *Magna Aura*. He was born in Sofia.

## Other websites 
*
Aron Eisenberg

**Aron Eisenberg** (January 6, 1969 – September 21, 2019) was an American actor. He was born in Los Angeles, California. Eisenberg was known for his role as Nog on *Star Trek: Deep Space Nine*. He appeared on *Tales from the Crypt*, *Amityville: The Evil Escapes*, ''Parker Lewis Can't Lose*, *The Wonder Years*, and *General Hospital''.

Eisenberg died on September 21, 2019 in Los Angeles from a heart attack caused by kidney disease at the age of 50.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bonvillars

**Bonvillars** is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Independence Day (India)

**Independence Day** has been celebrated every year in India (Republic of India) on 15 August since 1947. On that date, India became indepedented after British India was partitioned into the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. The Dominion of India became today's Republic of India in 26 January 1950, which is  celebrated as Republic Day.

Mahatma Gandhi is one of those who served the country as a father and so he is called the *father of the nation*. Apart from Gandhi, Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Subhash Chandra Bose, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, struggled to get India freed from British rule.
Sándor Sára

**Sándor Sára** (28 November 1933 &ndash; 22 September 2019) was a Hungarian cinematographer and movie director. He directed 16 movies between 1962 and 2004. His movie *The Upthrown Stone* was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival. His other works include: *Ten Thousand Days* (1967), *Szindbád* (1971) and *80 Hussars* (1978).

## References
## Other websites
*
Nashua, New Hampshire

**Nashua** is a city in southern New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, Nashua had a population of 91,322. It is the second-largest city in the state and in northern New England after nearby Manchester.

Nashua is, along with Manchester, one of two seats of New Hampshire's most populous county, Hillsborough County.

## References
Ivan Kizimov

**Ivan Kizimov** (; 28 May 1928 – 22 September 2019) was a Soviet-born Russian equestrian and Olympic champion. He was born in Novocherkassk. He won a gold medal in dressage at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, and a gold medal in team dressage at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Anastasia Zavorotnyuk

**Anastasia Yuryevna Zavorotnyuk** (; 3 April 1971 &ndash; 29 May 2024) was a Russian actress and television presenter. She was known for her role in the *My Fair Nanny* television show. Zavorotnyuk was born in Astrakhan, Russia. 

In 2018, Zavorotnyul was diagnosed with glioblastoma. She died of the disease in Moscow, Russia on 29 May 2024 at the age of 53.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jevan Snead

**Jevan Bryce Snead** (September 2, 1987 – September 21, 2019) was an American football quarterback. He played college football at Mississippi after sitting behind Colt McCoy for Texas. He was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent and then cut.  Snead was also a pre-season member of the Tampa Bay Storm.

Snead died on September 17, 2019 in Austin, Texas at the age of 32.

## References
Jean-Claude Narcy

**Jean-Claude Narcy** (born 16 January 1938) is a French journalist and news anchor. He has presented the daily news in the evening and at night on TF1. Narcy was born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France. Narcy was named Commander of the Legion of Honor in 2009.

## References
Alice Belaïdi

**Alice Belaïdi** (born 18 March 1987) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than 20 movies and television shows since 2010. She is known for her roles in *The Gorillas* (2015), *Jailbirds* (2015), *Odd Job* (2016), and in the Netflix movie *The Climb* (2017).

## References
## Other websites
*
Madhav Apte

**Madhavrao Laxmanrao Apte**  (5 October 1932 &ndash; 23 September 2019) was a former Indian cricketer. He  played in 7 Tests from 1952 to 1953. He was elected to the office of the President of the Cricket Club of India in 1989. Apte was born in Bombay.

Apte died on 23 September 2019 at a Mumbai hospital from cardiac arrest at the age of 86.

## References
Patchur, Karaikal

**Patchur, Karaikal** is a small revenue village (hamlet). It belongs to the Karaikal taluk, Karaikal district, Puducherry, India. This area is mostly famous for the Sri Dharmasasta Ayyapan Temple. This is the only Ayyapan temple in the Karaikal region.

## References
Guy Fieri

**Guy Ramsay Fieri** (, ; né **Ferry**; born January 22, 1968) licenses his name to restaurants in New York City and Las Vegas, Nevada, and is known for hosting many television series on the Food Network.

By mid-2010, the Food Network had made Fieri the "face of the network".

## References
Jim Jarmusch

**James Robert Jarmusch** (; born January 22, 1953) is an American movie director, screenwriter, actor, producer, editor, and composer. He directed *Stranger Than Paradise* (1984), *Down by Law* (1986), *Mystery Train* (1989), *Dead Man* (1995), *Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai* (1999), *Coffee and Cigarettes* (2003), *Broken Flowers* (2005), *Only Lovers Left Alive* (2013), and *Paterson* (2016). 

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Jim Jarmusch at the *Senses of Cinema* Great Directors critical database
* The Jim Jarmusch Resource Page, curated by Jarmusch scholar Ludvig Hertzberg
** Limited Control , Hertzberg's companion blog
* It's a sad and beautiful world
* The films of Jim Jarmusch, *Hell Is For Hyphenates*, May 31, 2014
Woo Hye-mi

**Woo Hye-mi** (; April 6, 1988 – September 21, 2019), also known by her stage name **Miwoo** (), was a South Korean singer. She was well known as one of the final four contestants from the first season of the South Korean talent show series *The Voice of Korea*.

On 21 September 2019, Woo Hye-mi, aged 31, was found dead at her home in Seoul.

## References
## Other websites
*
René Huguenin Hospital

The **Hôpital René-Huguenin** is a well-known hospital in  Saint-Cloud, close to Paris. It was created in 2010. It is a partner of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.

## References 
## Further reading 
*   Hôpital René-Huguenin
Günter Kunert

**Günter Kunert** (; 6 March 1929 – 21 September 2019) was a German writer and political commentator. Born in Berlin, he left the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) to live in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). He joined the main political party of East Germany, the Socialist Unity Party (SED) in 1948.

A poet, Kunert also wrote short stories, essays, autobiographical works, aphorisms, satires, fairy tales, science fiction, radio plays, speeches, travel writing, movie scripts, a novel, and a drama.

In the 1970s, he was a writing lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin. In 2009, Kunert won the America Award in Literature.

## Life 
Kunert was born in Berlin. Kunert died in Kaisborstel on 21 September 2019 at the age of 90.

## Awards 
Kunert was an honorary doctor of several universities in Italy and the United States. He was awarded the Heinrich Heine Prize of Düsseldorf in 1985, the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2012 and the Kunstpreis of Schleswig-Holstein in 2014.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Jan Merlin

**Jan Merlin** (born **Jan Wasylewski**; April 3, 1925 – September 20, 2019) was an American character actor, screenwriter, and author. Merlin was born in New York City. His best known roles were *Hell Bent for Leather*, *Guns of Diablo* (1965), ''The St. Valentine's Day Massacre* (1967), *Take the Money and Run* (1969), *The Twilight People* (1972), *I Escaped from Devil's Island* (1973), *The Slams* (1973), *The Hindenburg* (1975) and *Time Trackers'' (1989).

Merlin died on September 20, 2019 in Burbank, California at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
9/11 (2002 movie)

***9/11*** is a 2002 documentary about the September 11 attacks in New York, where two planes crashed into the buildings of the World Trade Center. The movie was directed by Jules and Gédéon Naudet and James Hanlon.

## Other websites 
*
Mack

**Mack** may refer to:

## Businesses
*Mack Trucks, an American truck company
*Mack Group, an American corporation providing contract manufacturing
*Mack Brewery, a Norwegian brewery
*Mack Rides, a German ride manufacturer
*Mack Air, a Botswana air charter line
*Mack (publishing), an art and photography publishing house based in London

## People
*Mack (given name)
*Mack (surname)
*Reinhold Mack, German record producer and sound engineer, often credited as simply "Mack"
*Richard Machowicz (1965–2017), host of *FutureWeapons* and *Deadliest Warrior*, known as "Mack"
*Lee Mack (born 1968), comedian and star of *Not Going Out* and team captain on *Would I Lie to You?*

## Places
### United States 
*Mack, Colorado, an unincorporated town
*Mack, Louisiana, an unincorporated community
*Mack, Minnesota, an unincorporated town
*Mack, Ohio, a census-designated place

### Bahamas 
*Mack Town

## Other uses
*USS *Mack* (DE-358), a destroyer escort which served in World War II
*Mack (ship), in naval architecture, a structure combining a ship's radar masts and funnels
**The Mack*, a 1973 blaxploitation movie
*Mack Park, original home field of the Detroit Stars Negro National League baseball franchise
Butene

**Butene** is the third occurring chemical compound in the alkene series of compounds. It has the chemical formula C4H8. Butene is made in laboratories. Butane is  formed from covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon atoms.

There are four isomers, and all are gases at room temperature.
All four of these hydrocarbons have four carbon atoms and one double bond in their molecules, but have different chemical structures. The IUPAC and common names, respectively, of these chemical compounds are:
Roberto Lavagna

**Roberto Lavagna** (born 24 March 1942) is an Argentine economist and politician. He was Minister of Economy and Production from April 27, 2002 until November 28, 2005.

## References
Carl Ruiz

**Carl "The Cuban" Ruiz** (April 4, 1975 – September 21, 2019) was a Cuban-American restaurant-owner and celebrity chef. He was born in Passaic, New Jersey. Ruiz was best known as a judge on many cooking competition shows on Food Network in the United States. He was also known for working with Guy Fieri and was a judge on his shows, including ''Guy's Grocery Games* and *Guy's Ranch Kitchen''.

Ruiz died in his sleep on September 21, 2019, of a suspected heart attack while visiting friends in Maryland, aged 44.

## References
Alberto Fernández

**Alberto Ángel Fernández** (born 2 April 1959) is an Argentine lawyer and politician who is the President of the Justicialist Party since 2021. He was the 57th President of Argentina from 2019 to 2023. He was the Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers during Néstor Kirchner's presidency, and the early months of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's. He was Cabinet Chief from 2003 to 2008. This is the longest time of anyone since the post was created in 1994.

In May 2019, Fernández announced his candidacy for president for the 2019 election. He was elected president in October 2019, beating incumbent President Mauricio Macri with a 48% to 40% vote count.

In April 2023, Fernández announced that he decided to not seek reelection to the presidency in the 2023 election. He was succeeded by Javier Milei on 10 December 2023.

In August 2024, Fernández was accused of domestic violence and harassment by his former partner and first lady Fabiola Yáñez during their tenure as president and first lady. Fernández denied the allegations. He is currently banned by an Argentine court from leaving the country while the investigation is underway. On 14 August, Fernández was indicted on charges of domestic abuse against Yáñez.

## References
Eduardo Duhalde

**Eduardo Alberto Duhalde** (; born 5 October 1941) is an Argentine politician. He was the President of Argentina from 2002 to 2003. He also was the Vice President between 1989 to 1991 during the Carlos Menem presidency.

## References
Adolfo Rodríguez Saá

**Adolfo Rodríguez Saá** (born 25 July 1947) is an Argentine Peronist politician. He was an interim President of Argentina between 23 December 2001 through 30 December 2001.

## References
Louisiana (New France)

**Louisiana** () or **French Louisiana**

## References
## Other websites
* *Site du ministère de la culture française: La Louisiane française (1682–1803)*
* *Bibliothèque Nationale de France: La France en Amérique*
* ''Archives Canada-France: Nouvelle-France. Histoire d'une terre française en Amérique*
* *Site personnel de Jean-Pierre Pazzoni: Histoire de la Louisiane française''
* Site de l'association *France-Louisiane: Louisiane française. Entretien avec Bernard Lugan*
* *Hérodote: 9 avril 1682, Cavelier de la Salle baptise la Louisiane*
* ''University of Laval: 30 avril 1803: traité d'achat de la Louisiane'' 
*Museum of the State of Louisiana 
*Fort Rosalie, Mississippi
*New France: 1524–1763
*History of New Orleans
Louisiana (New Spain)

rotunda]]

**Louisiana** () was an administrative district of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1763 to 1801. It included the area west of the Mississippi River basin, plus New Orleans. Spain got the territory from France, which had named it ***La Louisiane*** after King Louis XIV in 1682. It is sometimes called **Spanish Louisiana**. The district was given back to France, under the terms of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (1800) and the Treaty of Aranjuez (1801). In 1802, King Charles IV of Spain wrote a royal bill on 14 October. This changed the transfer and outlined the conditions.

However, Spain agreed to still run the colony until French officials came and made the transfer official (1803). The ceremony happened at the Cabildo in New Orleans on 30 November 1803. This was just three weeks before the formalities of cession from France to the United States pursuant to the Louisiana Purchase.
Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)

The **Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)** was signed on 21 March 1801 by France and Spain. It confirmed the terms of the secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso dated 1 October 1800. That treaty said Spain would give its North American colony of Spanish Louisiana for territories in Tuscany.
Chamblon

**Chamblon** is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Chanéaz

**Chanéaz** was a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Baxter Springs, Kansas

**Baxter Springs** is a city in Cherokee County, Kansas, United States. It is along the Spring River. In 2020, 3,888 people lived there. The Osage regularly stopped at the springs for healing on their way to summer hunting area. They made the trail by clearing it of brush and big rocks. They built ramps from the ground to the fords. The trail was the first improved road in Kansas and Oklahoma. It was big enough for eight horsemen to be riding side-by-side.

## Geography
Baxter Springs is at  (37.023062, -94.734762).

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

## People
### 2020 census
The census of 2020 says that there were 3,888 people, 1,595 households, and 979 families living in Baxter Springs. Of the households, 63.9% owned their home and 36.1% rented their home.

The median age was 38.8 years. Of the people, 78.9% were White, 7.1% were Native American, 0.6% were Asian, 0.5% were Pacific Islanders, 0.4% were Black, 1.1% were from some other race, and 11.5% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the people.

### 2010 census
The census of 2010 says that there were 4,238 people, 1,754 households, and 1,151 families living in Baxter Springs.

## References
## Other websites
;City
* City of Baxter Springs
* Baxter Springs - Directory of Public Officials
* Baxter Springs Heritage Center and Museum 
;Schools
* USD 508, local school district
;Maps
* Baxter Springs City Map , KDOT
Rovray

**Rovray** is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is in the Jura-Nord vaudois district. On 1 January 2005 the former municipality of Arrissoules merged into the municipality of Rovray, which kept the name Rovray.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Odawa

The **Odawa** (also **Ottawa** or **Odaawaa** ) are an Indigenous American ethnic group. Their name means "traders". They are part of the Northeastern Woodlands cultures. Their language is part of the Algonquian language family. They mostly live in the northern United States and southern Canada. The US Government federally recognizes these Native Americans as a tribe. They have numerous recognized First Nations bands in Canada. They are one of the Anishinaabeg. They are related to but different from the Ojibwe and Potawatomi peoples.

## History 
The Odawa may have come from some Hopewell traditions. The Odawa were historically grouped with the Ojibwe and Potawatomi. The three were allied in the Council of Three Fires. They fought against other tribes like the Iroquois and Dakota. 

The Odawa were important in the fur trade. They traded beaver, deer, marten, raccoon, fox, otter, and muskrat. The Odawa got metal tools, cloths, weapons, jewelry and alcohol in return. The Odawa fought wars over trading. They fought against the powerful Mohawk and Iroquois in the Beaver Wars. 

Many Natives later died from European diseases. The natives were not immune to these new diseases. 

In 1752, the French Charles Langlade attacked the Miami people at Pickawillany with Odawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibwe. The Miami surrendered and handed over Englishmen for negotiations. The Odawa ate one Englishman and the Chief of the town. This was one of the events that led to increased tension in the Ohio Country. This eventually led to the French and Indian War between France and Britain.   

The Odawa were together with the French against the British in the French and Indian War or Seven Years' War (1756-1763). Pontiac was an important Odawa chief. Chief Egushawa allied with the British during the American Revolution (1775-1783).

After the American Revolution, Odawa and other tribes fought against the United States in the Northwest Indian War. The natives lost this war and had to give up much land The Odawa gave lands in the Treaty of Greenville (1795). They gave up more land in the Treaty of Detroit (1807). After the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the remaining Odawa moved to Kansas.
 speaking at a council on April 27, 1763, 19th-century engraving.]]

## References
## Other websites
*"Ottawa History"  Shultzman, L. (2000). *First Nations Histories*. 
*Frederick Webb Hodge, "Ottawa", *Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico,* Vol. N-Z, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1910, pp.&nbsp;167–172, full text online
*"The Middle Woodland Period", The Archaeology of Ontario
*Odawa at The Canadian Encyclopedia
*Odawa – *First Nations seeker*
*Odawa – Word finder

## Official Tribal Websites
*Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
*Little River Band of Ottawa Indians
*Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians
*Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma
Gressy

**Gressy** is the name of two places in Europe:
* Gressy, Switzerland, a former municipality in the canton of Vaud
* Gressy, Seine-et-Marne, a commune in the Île-de-France region, in France
Henry Leavenworth

**Henry Leavenworth** (December 10, 1783 – July 21, 1834) was an American soldier. He was active in the War of 1812 and early military actions against the Plains Indians. He created Fort Leavenworth in Kansas. Leavenworth, Kansas, Leavenworth County, Kansas, and the Leavenworth Penitentiary are named after him.

## References
## Other websites
* 1st Dragoons
3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard)

The **3rd United States Infantry Regiment** is a regiment of the United States Army. It currently has three active battalions. It's sometime called **The Old Guard**, as well as **Escort to the President**. The regimental motto is *Noli Me Tangere* (from Latin: – "Touch Me Not"). The regiment is a major unit of the Military District of Washington (MDW).

The regiment is the oldest active duty regiment in the US Army. It was first created as the **First American Regiment** in 1784.  It has been the official ceremonial unit of the US Army since 1948.

## References
## Other websites
* History of the 3rd Regiment of Infantry 
* 
* 
* 
* The promotion of Private David Radford Martin, of Gray, Knox County, Kentucky to Corporal, of Company C, 3rd US Regiment of Infantry, on 19 January 1914 at Madison Barracks, Jefferson County, New York
Zhuang people

The **Zhuang people** (; ) are a Kra-Dai speaking ethnic group who mostly live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. Some also live in the Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou and Hunan provinces. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. With the Buyi, Tay–Nùng, and other northern Tai speakers, they are sometimes known as the Rau or Rao. Their population, estimated at 18 million people, makes them the largest minority in China.

## References 
### Citations 
### Sources 
* Barlow, J. (2005). *The Zhuang: A Longitudinal Study of Their History and Their Culture*. https://web.archive.org/web/20070206210848/http://mcel.pacificu.edu/as/resources/ZHUANG/index.html
* Wang Mingfu, Eric Johnson (2008). *Zhuang Cultural and Linguistic Heritage*. The Nationalities Publishing House of Yunnan. .
A Senior City Police Officer Pursues His Roots In China, By Marvine Howe, New York Times, November 14, 1985.

## Further reading 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* The Zhuang: A Longitudinal Study of Their History and Their Culture, by Jeffrey Barlow
* 
* Map share of ethnic by county of China
Olof Thunberg

**Fritz-Olof Thunberg** (21 May 1925 &ndash; 24 February 2020) was a Swedish actor and director. He was known for his deep voice and for his radio horror programs such as *Mannen i svart* ("The Men in Black"). He was also known as the voice of Bamse and Agaton Sax in children's movies and recordings. 

## References
## Other websites
* "Olof Thunberg" at *Nationalencyklopedin*  (registration required)
*
Squatting

called "Ex-Steffi"]]
**Squatting** is when someone starts living on empty land or in an empty building (usually a residential building) which the **squatter** does not own, rent or have permission to use. Author Robert Neuwirth suggested in 2004 that there were one billion squatters in the world.

Most squatting is residential. Squatting usually happens when a poor and homeless population sees old property or land.

Freetown Christiania is enough popular place for squatters. 

## By country
### Australia
In Australian history, squatting means living on and using land owned by the government (called Crown land) to raise animals like sheep or cattle.
### United States
In the United States, squatting laws are different from state to state and city to city. For the most part, it is not tolerated for long, especially in cities.

Community organizations have helped the homeless to take over empty buildings. It is done not only to change buildings to be places to live in, but also as part of a bigger campaign to let people know about inequality in housing. They also do it to help get change in housing and land issues.

## References
## Other websites
* Radical agenda
* Special issue of Mute Magazine on global slums
Harry Joseph Flynn

**Harry Joseph Flynn** (May 2, 1933 – September 22, 2019) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis from September 8, 1995 to May 2, 2008, when his resignation was accepted by  Pope Benedict XVI. He was born in Schenectady, New York.

Flynn died on September 22, 2019 from bone cancer in Saint Paul, Minnesota at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis Official Site
*Brief biography from the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis
J. Michael Mendel

**J. Michael** "**Mike**" **Mendel** (September 24, 1964 – September 22, 2019) was an American television producer. He was a four-time Emmy Award winner for his works on *The Simpsons* and *Rick and Morty*. He also produced *The PJs*, *The Oblongs*, *Drawn Together*, *Sit Down, Shut Up*, and *Napoleon Dynamite*.

Mendel died suddenly on September 22, 2019 in Los Angeles, two days before his 55th birthday. 

## References
## Other websites
*
Ojibwe

The **Ojibwe**, **Ojibwa**, **Chippewa**, or **Saulteaux** are an Anishinaabe people of Canada and the United States. They are one of the biggest indigenous peoples north of the Rio Grande. In Canada, they are the second-biggest First Nations group. The only group bigger are the Cree. In the United States, they have the fifth-biggest number of people among Native American peoples. The only groups bigger are the Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw and Sioux. 

Most of the Ojibwe people live in the United States. There are 77,940 mainline Ojibwe; 76,760 Saulteaux; and 8,770 Mississauga, organized in 125 bands. They live from western Quebec to eastern British Columbia. , the US census says that there are 170,742 Ojibwe people.

## References
## Other websites
* Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission
* Chief Buffalo and Benjamin Armstrong
* Ojibwe culture and history, a lengthy and detailed discussion
* Kevin L. Callahan's *An Introduction to Ojibway Culture and History*
* Ojibwe Song Pictures, recorded by Frances Desmore
* Ojibwe People's Dictionary
* Ojibwa migration through Manitoba
* Wiigwaasi-Jiimaan: These Canoes Carry Culture—Short documentary featuring the building of an Anishinaabe-Ojibwe birchbark canoe in Wisconsin.
* Nindoodemag: The Significance of Algonquian Kinship Networks in the Eastern Great Lakes Region, 1600–1701
* Ojibwe Waasa-Inaabidaa—PBS documentary featuring the history and culture of the Anishinaabe-Ojibwe people of the Great Lakes (United States-focused).
** Ojibwe migratory map from Ojibwe Waasa-Inaabidaa
* Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Chippewa
* 1836 Chippewa-Ottawa Resource Authority
* Grand Council of Treaty #3
* Batchewana First Nation of Ojibways
* Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
* Mississaugi First Nation 
* Southeast Tribal Council
* Wabun Tribal Council
* Ojibwe Stories: Gaganoonididaa from the Public Radio Exchange
Al Alvarez

**Alfred Alvarez** (5 August 1929 – 23 September 2019) was an English poet, novelist, essayist and critic. He published under the name **A. Alvarez** and **Al Alvarez**. He was best known for his 1962 poetry anthology *The New Poetry*.

## Death
Alvarez died of pneumonia on 23 September 2019 in London at the age of 90.

## Selected works
* *The Shaping Spirit* (1958)
* *The School of Donne* (1961)
* *The New Poetry* (1962)
* *Under Pressure* (1965)
* *Beyond All This Fiddle* (1968)
* *The Savage God* (1972)
* *Beckett* (Fontana Modern Masters, 1973)
* *Hers* (1974)
* *Hunt* (1979)
* *Life After Marriage* (1982)
* *The Biggest Game in Town* (1983)
* *Feeding the Rat* (1989)
* *Day of Atonement* (1991)
* *Night* (1995)
* *Where Did It All Go Right?* (1999)
* *Poker: Bets, Bluffs, and Bad Beats* (2001)
* *New & Selected Poems* (2002)
* ''The Writer's Voice* (2005)
* *Risky Business* (2007)
* *Pondlife'' (2013)

## References
## Other websites
* Book Review of 'The Biggest Game In Town'
Donald Nicholls, Baron Nicholls of Birkenhead

**Donald James Nicholls, Baron Nicholls of Birkenhead**, PC (born 25 January 1933), is a British lawyer. He was a Law Lord (Lord of Appeal in Ordinary). From 1998 to 2004, he was a Non-Permanent Judge of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal.

He retired from the membership of the House of Lords on 3 April 2017.

## References
David Hope, Baron Hope of Craighead

**James Arthur David Hope, Baron Hope of Craighead**,  (born 27 June 1938) is a retired Scottish judge. He was the first Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2009 until his retirement in 2013. He was on the Second Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. 

In 2015, he became the Convenor of the Crossbench peers in the House of Lords.

## References
Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond

**Brenda Marjorie Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond** , known as **Lady Hale** (born 31 January 1945), is a British judge. She was President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 to 2020.

In 2004, she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. She is the only woman to have been appointed to this position.

## References
L'Abbaye

'''L'Abbaye''' is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the Vallée de Joux. Its name is from Lac de Joux Abbey, a Premonstratensian monastery.

## Geography 
L'Abbaye is located on the eastern shore of the Lac de Joux at an elevation of between  and . It is at the heart of the Vallée de Joux in the Jura. It includes also the villages of Les Bioux and Le Pont.

The municipality was part of the La Vallée District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and L'Abbaye became part of the new district of Jura-Nord vaudois.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the municipality of L'Abbaye 
* Aerial views of the municipality of L'Abbaye
* Vallée de Joux 
* 
* 
*
Gressy, Switzerland

**Gressy** was a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Gressy became part of the municipality of Yverdon-les-Bains on 1 July 2011.

## References
Lennie Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann

**Leonard Hubert "Lennie" Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann**, PC, GBS (born 8 May 1934) is a retired senior South African-British judge. He was a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1995 to 2009.

## References
Curt Wittlin

**Curt Wittlin** (13 April 1941 &ndash; 23 September 2019) was a Swiss philologist. He was an expert of medieval Catalan language and literature. In 1997 he became a member of the Institute of Catalan Studies and from 1990 to 1993 he was president of the North American Catalan Society.

Wittlin was born in Basel, Switzerland. He died on 23 September 2019 in Tortosa, Spain at the age of 78.

## Works
* ''Lo llibre de les dones d'Eiximenis* (1980) with F. Naccarato
* *Repertori d'expressions multinominals i de grups de sinònims en traduccions catalanes antigues'' (Lluis Nicolau d'Olwer price, 1989)
* *La geometria secreta del tapís de Girona* in Revista de Girona, 1991
* *De la traducció literal a la creació literària* (Serra d'Or prize 1996)
* *Entorn de les edicions de textos medievals* in Estudis Romànics, 2004

## References
## Other websites
*  Biography in the University of Saskatchewan website.
*  Wittlin's works
*  Article about Wittlin in the Great Catalan Encyclopedia
Nash, North Dakota

**Nash** is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 13 at the 2020 census. It was founded in 1890.

Nash is located at  (48.470556, -97.513056).

## References