open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Drosera regia

***Drosera regia***, also known as the **King sundew**, is a carnivorous plant of the sundew family. In the wild, it only grows in two places in a single valley in South Africa. Its leaves can grow to a size of 70 cm in length. It also has features which are not found in many other sundews, such as wooded rhizomes and special covered pollen. These features have been combined with a genetic analysis, and it was found that *D.&nbsp;regia* is among the older species of sundew. The Venus Flytrap, another carnivorous plant, shares some of the features, which suggests a close relationship between the two. 

The leaves of the plant are covered with tentacles. They are able to capture large prey, such as beetles, moths and butterflies. The tentacles of all *Drosera* species are specialized glands, capable of producing sticky mucus. The leaves are active flypaper traps: they capture prey by surrounding it. In its native habitat, the plants compete for space with native marsh grasses and low evergreen shrubs. There are two known populations of the plant in the wild. The higher- site is overgrown, and *D.&nbsp;regia* no longer grows there. On the lower-altitude site, there are about 50 mature plants. For this reason, *D.&nbsp;regia* is the most endangered *Drosera* species, since it is threatened with extinction in the wild. It is often grown by people who like carnivorous plants and a single cultivar, "Big Easy", has been registered.

## References
## Other websites
Silver iodide

**Silver iodide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgI. It contains silver in its +1 oxidation state. It also contains iodide ions.

## Properties 
Silver iodide is a yellow solid. It does not dissolve in water. It turns dark when light is shined on it. The darkening is caused by a chemical reaction. The silver iodide turns into silver and iodine.

## Preparation 
It is made by reacting an iodide such as sodium iodide with silver nitrate.

## Uses 
Silver iodide is sprinkled in clouds to make rain. It can also be used in photographic film.

## Safety 
Silver iodide is toxic. It can stain skin. It is not as toxic as other silver compounds that dissolve in water. The iodide also is toxic. 

## Related pages 
*Silver fluoride
*Silver chloride
*Silver bromide
Silver(II) fluoride

**Silver(II) fluoride**, also known as **argentic fluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgF2. It has silver in its +2 oxidation state. It also contains fluoride ions.

## Properties
It is a white or gray crystalline solid. It is usually black or brown because of . It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is one of the only silver compounds that is in the +2 oxidation state. Most of the silver compounds are in the +1 oxidation state. It can react with glass. It should be stored in certain fluorinated plastics.

It is extremely reactive. It reacts with xenon. It also reacts with water to make oxygen and hydrofluoric acid. It reacts with acids to make ozone. It reacts with iodide to make iodide. It also reacts with hydrogen peroxide to make oxygen.

It is very expensive. Only a little is made each year.

## Preparation
Silver(II) fluoride is made by reacting fluorine with silver(I) oxide. It can also be made by reacting silver(I) fluoride or silver chloride with fluorine.

## Uses
Silver(II) fluoride is used to add fluoride to certain chemical compounds. It is not used much because it is very expensive.

## Safety
Silver(II) fluoride is very corrosive and toxic. It reacts with water to make toxic hydrofluoric acid. It also corrodes glass.

## Related pages
*Potassium fluoride
Potassium bromide

**Potassium bromide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is KBr. It contains potassium and bromide ions.

## Properties
It is a white crystalline solid. It dissolves easily in water. When it is dilute, it tastes sweet; when it is a little concentrated, it tastes bitter; when it is very concentrated, it tastes salty. This taste is because of the potassium ion. 

## Preparation
It can be made by reacting hydrogen bromide with potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide. It can also be made by reacting bromine and potassium metal. This is very difficult, though.

## Uses
It is used to put people to sleep (sedative). It is also used to stop . This is because of the bromide ion, not the potassium ion. It is used to make silver bromide. It is used to treat various animals. 

## Safety
Bromide ions can be toxic in large amounts. Potassium ions can burn, similar to salt when someone eats too much.

## Related pages
*Potassium iodide
*Sodium bromide
Silver carbonate

**Silver carbonate** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ag2CO3. It contains silver in its +1 oxidation state. It also contains carbonate ions.

## Properties 
It is a yellow solid. It reacts with acids to make carbon dioxide and a silver salt. It does not dissolve in water.

## Preparation 
It is made by reacting sodium carbonate with silver nitrate.

## Uses 
It is used as a catalyst.

## Safety 
Silver compounds can irritate skin. If consumed, they may turn the skin blue.

## Related pages 
*Silver oxide
*Silver chloride
Joanna Newsom

**Joanna Caroline Newsom** (born January 18, 1982) is an indie singer and a harpist. She was born in Nevada City.

## Early life
Newsom was not allowed to watch television or listen to the radio when she was a child. She went to a Waldorf school. After high school Newsom studied composition and creative writing at Mills College in Oakland, California.

## Career
Newsom's first album *The Milk-Eyed Mender* was released by Drag City on the 23rd of February 2003. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 8 out of 10. Newsom's second album *Ys* was given a score of 9.4 out of 10.

## Personal life
She married comedian Andy Samberg in September 2013.

## Recordings
;Albums
**The Milk-Eyed Mender* (Drag City, 2004)
**Ys* (Drag City, 2006) US #134, UK #41
**Have One on Me* (Drag City, 2010) US #75, UK #28
**Divers* (Drag City, 2015)
;Early unofficial recordings
**Walnut Whales* (self-released, 2002)
**Yarn and Glue* (self-released, 2003)
;EPs
**Joanna Newsom and the Ys Street Band* (Drag City, 2007) UK #135
;Singles
*"Sprout and the Bean" (Drag City, 2004)
*"What We Have Known" (Drag City, 2011)

## References
When Night Is Falling

***When Night is Falling*** is a 1995 Canadian romantic drama movie. It is about a university professor dealing with a bad relationship who gets confused when she starts having romantic feelings for a female circus performer. The MPAA rated the movie as NC-17. The movie was released without a rating rather than deal with the problems of being rated as NC-17. The movie was later released with two versions: the original unrated version, and an R rated version. Patricia Rozema directed the movie.

## Other websites 
*
Haute couture

adjusting a dress on model Ruth Ford in 1947 (photographed by Carl Van Vechten)]]
 for the House of Dior, Spring 1983]]
 at a Paris show, 2012]]

**Haute couture** (pronounced 'OHT koo-TOOR') is a French term for high fashion. It refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing. The term refers to: 
* the fashion houses or fashion designers that create exclusive and often trend-setting fashions.
* the fashions created by them.

*Haute couture* is made to order for a specific customer. It is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish by the most experienced and capable seamstresses, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. *Couture* is a common abbreviation of *haute couture*.

In France, *haute couture* is *une appellation juridiquement protégée* (a legally protected name). It may only be used by firms which meet certain well-defined standards. The term is also used to describe all high-fashion custom-fitted clothing in other 'fashion capitals' such as Milan, London, New York, Tokyo and Madrid.

## History 
The *couturier* Charles Frederick Worth (13 October 1826–10 March 1895), is widely considered the father of *haute couture* as it is known today. Although born in Lincolnshire, England, Worth made his mark in the French fashion industry. He revolutionized how dressmaking was organised. Worth made it so the dressmaker became an *artist*: a fashion designer. He created one-of-a-kind designs to please his titled or rich customers. More importantly, he prepared designs which were shown on live models at the *House of Worth*. Clients selected a design, specified colours and fabrics, and had a version tailor-made in Worth's . Worth combined individual tailoring with a standardization more characteristic of the ready-to-wear clothing industry, which was also developing during this period.

## *Chambre syndicale* 
To earn the right to call itself a couture house and to use the term *haute couture*, members of the *Chambre syndicale de la haute couture* must follow these rules:

*Design made-to-order for private clients, with one or more fittings.
*Have a workshop (*atelier*) in Paris that employs at least fifteen people full-time.
*Each season (that's twice a year), present a collection to the Paris press, with at least thirty-five runs/exits with outfits for both daytime wear and evening wear.

Membership is seldom given. Outside the *Chambre syndicale* are many successful fashion houses which deal in *prêt-à-porter* (the French term for ready-to-wear fashion). They have their own *Chambre syndicale du prêt-à-porter*.

## Related pages 
*Coco Chanel
*Christian Dior
*Madeleine Vionnet
*House of Worth

## References
Green tree python

**Morelia viridis**, also called the green tree python, is a species of python found in New Guinea, islands in Indonesia, and Cape York Peninsula in Australia.

## References
Nithing pole

A **Nithing pole**, according to ancient Scandinavian and Germanic pagan beliefs, was a kind of pole used for cursing enemies.  

The way of cursing was supposed to be, to cut a horse's head from its body, and put it on top of the pole. Cursing words were carved into the wood, too. This was done to stop the soul of a cowardly person, or "Nithing".  Also, the terrible shame of the coward was called "Nith".
Hurricane Bob

**Hurricane Bob** was an Atlantic tropical cyclone during August 1991. It was one of the costliest hurricanes in the history of New England.

The storm began from an area of low pressure near the Bahamas. The area steadily became stronger and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Bob later on August 16.

It curved to the north-northwest at first. However, after the storm became a hurricane, it turned to the north-northeast on August 17. 

The track of Hurricane Bob by August 18 and 19 was similar to 1954's Hurricane Carol, another storm that affected North Carolina and New England. Bob brushed eastern North Carolina on August 18 and early on the 19th.

The storm moved up the Mid Atlantic on August 19; it passed just east of Long Island. The storm then crossed Block Island, Rhode Island, and later hit near Newport that afternoon.

While Bob affected Rhode Island, the strong winds moved westward into Connecticut. In that state, winds peaked near 75 mph.

The most damage happened in Massachusetts. Total damage there was $1 billion.

The storm weakened to a strong tropical storm; it then hit Maine with 70 mph winds and heavy rain.

Damage from Bob totaled $1.5 billion. Eighteen people were killed as a result of the storm.

The name *Bob* was retired in the spring of 1992 and replaced with *Bill*.

## References
Imber

**Imber** is a village in Wiltshire, England, which has no people. It is on Salisbury Plain, a flat area in Southern England. The people of Imber were moved out in 1943, and rehoused elsewhere. The whole area was needed as a training ground for the military. Imber is now part of the British Army's largest training area in England.

The area around Imber has been settled since the Iron Age, before the Romans came to Britain. The first mention of the village was in Saxon times, in 967. The village is also listed in the Domesday Book. At that time, around fifty people lived there. The village has a church that was built in the 13th century. In the 14th century, about 250 people lived in the village. In 1851, the population reached its peak at about 440 people. When they left in 1943, about 150 people had to move.

## Other websites
* Google Satellite mapThe link does not deliver to the exact place, The actual area is north-west of the green arrow, and best got by typing "Imber, Wiltshire" into the Google search box.
Ohm

There are some materials which offer some resistance to the current flow; they are not good Electrical conductors or good Electrical insulators. They are resistive materials, for example graphite, iron, and certain synthetic materials.

The magnitude that represents this characteristic is the resistance, and it is measured in ohms. An **ohm** (referred to by the Greek letter &#937; (Omega)) is the SI unit of resistance (R). It can be defined by Ohm's law and the equation: 
:R= V/I
where R is resistance in ohms, V is voltage in volts, and I the current in amperes.

The ohm was named after Georg Ohm.

## Further reading 
*    **Resistors Basics** : Everybody is able to understand electronics
Cathedral Prep Events Center

The **Cathedral Prep Events Center** is an outdoor multi-purpose sports stadium in Erie, Pennsylvania. It is home to the Cathedral Prep Ramblers. The field name is Dollinger Field. It has an official seating capacity of 1,800. That makes it the second largest football stadium in the City of Erie.
Innuendo

:*Not to be confused with Innuendo (album).*

An **innuendo** is an indirect or implied statement of ideas or opinions. It can also be a remark or question, often disparaging  (also called **insinuation**), that works indirectly by allusion. In the latter sense, the intention is often to insult or accuse someone in such a way that the words as used, taken literally, seem to be innocent in the direct meaning (but have a negative unspoken meaning).

An innuendo is "an oblique hint or remark"; The word is often used to express disapproval.

The term **sexual innuendo** has a specific meaning, namely that of a "risqué" *double sens* (double meaning) by playing on a possibly sexual meaning of an otherwise innocent statement.

## Bullying
Innuendo is a tool of bullying.

## In popular culture
Many TV shows\movies aimed at little kids often use innuendoes as a way of attracting older people. Shows\movies such as *The Fairly OddParents*, *SpongeBob SquarePants*,*The Penguins of Madagascar*, *Shrek*, *Bee Movie*, * the *Walt Disney Animated Classics*, *Rocko's Modern Life*, *The Muppet Show*, *Cow & Chicken*, *Ren & Stimpy*, *Animaniacs* and *Looney Tunes* have been known to do this over the years. Also many prime-time shows use an extensive amount of innuendo to the point that they are rated U.S. TV PG/14 D for dialogue. Some TV shows using innuendoes are: *The Simpsons*, *Futurama*, *Son of the Beach*,  *The Office*, *Jersey Shore (TV series)*, *King of the Hill*, *Beavis and Butthead*, *Everybody Hates Chris*, *American Dad*, *Tosh.0*, *Family Guy* and *South Park*.

Also, many radio shows are known for use of innuendo, including: *The Gallo Radio Show*, most of the songs played on *Southern Crossroads*, sometimes *The Rick & Bubba Show*, *The Howard Stern Show*, *The Steve and DC Morning Show*, especially  *The JT & Dave Show*, *Air Bubba* and *The Bob & Tom Show''.

## References
Trough (geology)

, California]]
 is lined by a trough. This false-colour radar image shows a section of the fault west of San Francisco Bay]]
 Trough, north of Ryukyu Islands]]
.]]

In geology, a **trough** refers to a linear depression that extends in one direction over a distance. It is less steep than a trench. A trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. There are various **oceanic troughs**, troughs found under oceans; examples include the rifts along the mid-ocean ridges.
Wikiatlas

The **Wikiatlas** or **Wikimedia  World** (or Commons Atlas)
is a wiki-portal on the Wikimedia Commons website, related to the English Wikipedia, Wikipedia App, Wikipedia  Portal Atlas. It contains thousands of gallery pages and maps about many nations or regions of the world.

As a collection of map image-galleries, the Wikiatlas links many sets of maps, such as:
: maps of Europe, maps of Africa, maps of North America, maps of Asia, maps of Oceania,

: maps of the U.S.A., of Italy, of Germany, of China, of Taiwan,plus maps of Texas, or maps of Malaysian, and maps of Florida, etc.

Unlike Wikibooks or Wikisource, the Wikiatlas is not a separate wiki website, but rather, a large subset of the Wikimedia website.
There are many thousands of maps in the WikiAtlas.

## Atlas&nbsp;pages&nbsp;are map groupings
The Wikiatlas is based on some simple ideas. All maps are grouped, in the manner of a World atlas, into pages stored with the name "Atlas of..." for each continent, such as:

Similar page titles "Atlas of..." cover each nation or region, such as:

Some of the U.S. states also have Wikiatlas pages, such as:

Similarly, hundreds of other Wikiatlas pages are named as "Atlas of..." for over 200 nations and over 94 other regions of the World.

## Wikiatlas page format
Many pages in the Wikiatlas are arranged in a distinctive format: with maps displayed down the left-side of the page, and explanatory text presented to the right-hand side. The description for each nation, territory, or region is written, first, in the official language(s) of the area, followed by other languages, including English.

Because the Wikiatlas is a wiki effort, developed by the Wikimedia volunteers, the level of detail and coverage varies, from section to section, of the Wikiatlas. Some groups of maps are very extensive, while other maps are rudimentary, depending on the time spent by volunteer writers.

## History of Wikiatlas
The Wikiatlas was designed, during extended discussions on the Wikimedia website, beginning in 2003.
Originally, the concept was to have an "automatic" map-generator, based on giving coordinates.
In April 2006, the Wikiatlas was mentioned in an archaeology
conference as a "nascent" project.
Finally, a coherent page-format was generalized during mid-2007, using page layouts stored in MediaWiki template files. Hundreds of Wikimedia and Wikipedia editors worked on various aspects of the page descriptions in over 100 languages, including uploading and modifying the thousands of map images. Some of the maps were transferred from Wikipedia image pages.

## Wikimedia readership
Although readership figures are not specifically available, of the complete grouping of all Wikiatlas pages, the general readership of the Wikimedia website has been based, nearly 50% (in early 2009), within the following: United States 24.5%, Germany 10.7%, India 5.7%, United Kingdom 4.0%, and Italy 3.5%.

## Notes
## References
*"1. Wikimedia Commons", HowWikipediaWorks.com, 2008, webpage: HowW-ch16s01 .

## Other websites
* Wikiatlas main page on Wikimedia Commons.
Orogeny

, New Zealand. It lies in the Southern Alps, the mountain range which runs the length of the South Island.
New Zealand sits on top of the junction of two oceanic plates.]] 
]]

**Orogeny** is the process of mountain-building. It takes place when two tectonic plates come together. Orogens develop while a continental plate is crumpled and thickened to form mountain ranges, and involve a great range of geological processes collectively called **orogenesis**. 

A convergent boundary is a frequent cause:
*Where a continent rides over an oceanic plate (non-collisional): 
** Andes in South America
*Where two continental plates converge (collide):
** Alps
** Himalayas 
Another, less common cause is when a plate moves over a hot spot in the Earth's mantle. Examples:
*Hawaiian chain of islands
*Yellowstone National Park
There is a third process, called *delamination*. Here an unstable portion of cold root of the lithosphere drips down into the mantle, decreasing the density of the lithosphere and causing buoyant uplift. Example:
* The Sierra Nevada in California.
Areas that are rifting apart, such as mid-ocean ridges and the East African Rift have mountains due to thermal buoyancy caused by the hot mantle underneath them, which pushes them up. This thermal buoyancy is known as *dynamic topography*. Examples:
* Iceland (Mid-Atlantic Ridge).
* East African Rift

*Variscan orogeny: older mountain belts caused by the formation of Pangaea.

## References
Copper(II) nitrate

**Copper(II) nitrate**, also known as **cupric nitrate**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Cu(NO3)2. It contains copper in its +2 oxidation state. It also contains nitrate ions.

## Properties
Copper(II) nitrate is a blue solid. It is an oxidizing agent. It is blue whether it contains water (hydrated) or not (anhydrous). It makes nitrogen dioxide when it is heated.

## Preparation
It is made by reacting copper with nitrogen tetroxide. It can also be made by reacting copper with nitric acid or silver nitrate. 

## Uses
It can be used to make nitric acid by heating it. Then the brown gas made is dissolved in water to make nitric acid. It can be used to add nitrate ions to organic chemicals. 

## Safety
Copper ions are toxic, like many other metals. Nitrates are oxidizing agents and can make things burn.

## Related pages
*Copper(I) chloride
*Copper sulfate
Ethnic groups of the United States

in each U.S. state, according to the 2010 U.S. Census.
 
 
 
 
]]

There are many different and diverse ethnic groups in the United States. Most people in the United States have ancestors who came from somewhere else, often from multiple places. Some people say their ancestry is "American"; often these are people from the Southern United States whose families have been living in America since before the American Revolution, however their ancestry most likely originated from Europe.   

There are several races expanded into many ethnic groups in the United States:

*White is the most common race in the United States. White or European-American refers to people from countries in Europe (such as Germany, England, Ireland, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Luxembourg, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Finland, Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Turkey, Albania, Croatia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, or the Netherlands).
* Black or African-American refers to people from countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
* Asian refers to people from countries in Asia (such as China, Japan, Korea, South Asia, or Southeast Asia).
* Oceanian refers to people from countries in Oceania (such as Australia, New Zealand, or Fiji).
* Native American refers to people who are part of Native American groups that have lived for thousands of years in the lands now controlled by the U.S. These are the only people who did not come to the United States during or after Europe learned of the Americas.
* Hispanic Americans, such as Spanish and Indigenous Mexican Americans, are often of this category. Hispanic is an ethnicity, meaning Hispanic people can be of any race.
* Lusophone Americans, such as Portuguese and Indigenous Brazilians, are often of this category. Lusophone is an ethnicity, meaning Lusophone people can be of any race.
* Other refers to people who are an unlisted ethnic group, such as Jewish people and Roma people.

The race is not the same as ethnicity, however. Here are the top three ethnic groups in the United States. Since many Asian and Hispanic people are classified differently, most of the groups listed are white.

* The most common is German-American, which 42.8 million Americans identify with. Many people came to the U.S. from Germany in the 19th and early 20th centuries. German American is the most common ethnic group in over half the states. The largest number of Germans are found in the Midwest, West, and Pennsylvania.
* Irish-American is the second-largest ethnic group found in the United States, with 30.5 million people.
*The third-largest ethnic group is African-American, at 24.8 million people. The largest number of African-Americans are found in the South.

## References
## Other websites
Maylene and the Sons of Disaster

**Maylene and the Sons of Disaster** are an American rock band. The band formed in 2004 in Birmingham, Alabama. The bend members at the moment are Dallas Taylor (lead singer), Brad Lehman (bassist, backing vocals), Kelly Scot Nun (guitarist), Chad Huff (guitarist), Matt Clark (drummer) and Jake Duncan (guitarist, backing vocals). 

## References
Tumblr

**Tumblr** is a blogging site that began in New York City in 2007. David Karp and Marco Arment began it. The site allows users to post text, images, videos, links, quotes and audio to a short-form blog, called a tumbleblog. Users can follow other users, or choose to make their tumblelog private. Tumblr focuses on being easy to use. The site has about 91.7 million posts a day and gains about 15,000 new users on a day on average. In 2013, Yahoo bought Tumblr for $1.1 billion. After the sale to Yahoo, David Karp remained as CEO.

In 2018, Tumblr was the 25th most popular website in the world.

Famous people with Tumblr accounts include President Obama, Beyoncé, and Lady Gaga.

## References
## Other websites
*
Meg Whitman

**Margaret Cushing Whitman** (born August 4, 1956) is an American billionaire and politician.  She is the president and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard.  

She was CEO of the online auction site eBay from 1998 to 2008.  She also worked for DreamWorks, Procter & Gamble, and Hasbro. In 2010, she ran for Governor of California as a Republican.  Her campaign was paid for mostly by millions of her own money.  Even though she spent over $100 million, she still lost to Jerry Brown.

On December 8, 2021, Joe Biden nominated Whitman to serve as United States ambassador to Kenya. On July 14, 2022, her nomination was confirmed in the Senate by voice vote. She was sworn-in on August 5, 2022. In November 2024, she resigned from her role as ambassador.

## References
List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)

have won the most Formula One Grands Prix]]

Formula One, abbreviated to **F1**, is a form of open-wheeled auto racing. It is the highest class defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules. These rules tell the builders and drivers of the cars what they may and may not do. The F1 world championship season is a series of races. These races are known as Grands Prix. They are usually held on purpose-built circuits. In a few places, they are held on closed city streets. The most famous Grand Prix is the Monaco Grand Prix in Monte Carlo. The top finisher of each race are awarded championship points. The points are added up at the end of they year. There are two yearly Championships. The one for drivers and one for constructors.

Ferrari hold the record for the most Grands Prix victories. They have won 216 times. McLaren are second with 173 wins, and Williams are third with 113 wins. British teams have won the most Grands Prix. Twelve British teams have won a total of 499 races between them. Italian teams are second with 237 wins between five teams. French teams are third with 53 Grands Prix wins between three teams.

## By constructor 
*All figures correct as of 26 June 2011*

;Key

## By nationality 
List of races won by nationality of constructor.

 
 
 
 

## Related pages
*List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions
*List of Formula One constructors
*List of Formula One Grand Prix winners

## Notes 
:A.  Renault held a French licence from 1977 to 2010 and a British licence from 2011 to present.
:B.  Benetton held a British licence from 1986 to 1995 and an Italian licence from 1996 to 2001.
:C.  Only one of Benetton's 27 wins were scored with their Italian licence. All the others count towards the British totals.
:D.  Renault's first 35 wins were with their French licence.

## References
Red-billed quelea

The **Red-billed quelea** (*Quelea quelea*), also known as the **red-billed weaver** or **red-billed dioch**, is a small passerine bird of the Ploceidae family. It is found only in Africa.

There are more quelea than any other wild bird species in the world: they number over 1.5 billion. Single colonies may have as many as 30 million. Queleas can migrate as far as 2,000 kilometres (1,243&nbsp;miles). Single flocks can destroy as much as 50 tons of grain a day. Queleas have destroyed over US$22 million of grain in a single year.

Males grow to a length of about 4.75 inches (12&nbsp;cm) with a 1.75&nbsp;inch (4.45&nbsp;cm) tail and weigh 19.47 grams (0.69&nbsp;oz).  Females are a little smaller growing to about 4.60&nbsp;inches (11.68&nbsp;cm) with a 1.70&nbsp;inch (4.32&nbsp;cm) tail and weigh 18.34 grams (0.65&nbsp;oz).

Nests are built by the males and take about seven days to complete. Males  the nest while building it and become very angry when something gets too close.  After it is complete, females lay 3 to 7 eggs. Eggs hatch in about two weeks. Males continue to defend the nest after the eggs hatch.

## Footnotes 
## References 
## Other websites
Portuguese Grand Prix

The **Portuguese Grand Prix** (*Grande Prémio de Portugal*) was a motor racing event held for several years, starting in the 1950s. It was a Formula One race between  and  and between  and .

The first event was held on the Boavista street course in Porto on 17 June 1951. The Grand Prix was moved to Monsanto Park, Lisbon, in 1954 as a one time event. The first Formula One race was held in 14 August 1958. The first three F1 races were held in both Boavista and Monsanto. 1960 was the last Formula One race for more than 20 years.

The Portuguese Grand Prix returned to the calendar in 1984 to the Autódromo do Estoril in 1984. After the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger at Imola in 1994, the Estoril track was changed. A new chicane was built in place of the tank curve, as a safety measure. But Estoril was considered an unsafe and outdated track. The last Portuguese Grand Prix was in Estoril on 22 September 1996.

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
## References
Sort (typesetting)

.]]

In typesetting by hand compositing, a **sort**, otherwise referred to as a **type**, is a block representing a specific letter, digit or other symbol cast from a matrix mould and made with other sorts bearing additional symbols into lines of type to make up a *forme* from which a page is printed.

## Related pages
* Sort - other uses of the word
* Typeface
* Typography

## References
* Nesbitt, Alexander *The History and Technique of Lettering* (c) 1957, Dover Publications, Inc. , Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 57-13116. The Dover edition is an abridged and corrected republication of the work originally published in 1950 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. under the title *Lettering: The History and Technique of Lettering as Design*.

## Other websites
*Typowiki , a type wiki at typophile.com 
*Metal Type - For Those who Remember Hot Metal Typesetting
Seaside Heights, New Jersey

**Seaside Heights** is a borough in Ocean County, New Jersey. According to the 2020 Census, the borough population was 2,440.  Summer population explodes upwards to thirty thousand persons because the city is a resort community with beaches, bars, and clubs. The Seaside Heights Boardwalk received exposure through shows on MTV, such as Jersey Shore.

## References
Salisbury Plain

, the most famous antiquity on Salisbury Plain]]
**Salisbury Plain** is in the central southern England covering . It largely lies within the county of Wiltshire, with a little in Hampshire. 

The Plain is famous for its rich archaeology, including Avebury and Stonehenge, which are a joint World Heritage Site. The Plain is sparsely populated and is the largest remaining area of calcareous grassland in north-west Europe. The Plain also has  land, and a few small areas of beech trees and coniferous woodland.

On the Plain is the British Army's largest training ground in England. It is suitable terrain for tank s; buildings such as Imber are used for urban warfare training.

## Boundaries 
The boundaries of Salisbury Plain have never been defined, and there is some difference of opinion as to its exact area. The river valleys surrounding it, and other downs and plains beyond them loosely define its boundaries.  To the north the scarp of the downs overlooks the Vale of Pewsey, and to the north west the  Avon. The River Wylye runs along the south west, and the River Bourne runs to the east.

*Google satellite map centered on Stonehenge: http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?utm_campaign=en_GB&utm_source=en_GB-mapshpp-emea-uk-gm&utm_medium=mapshpp&utm_term=tour
*Access to military site: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/tna/+/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/DefenceEstateandEnvironment/AccessRecreation/AccessRecreationContactInformation.htm

## References
South African Grand Prix

The **South African Grand Prix** was first run as a Grand Prix motor racing handicap race in 1934 at the Prince George Circuit at East London, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. 

The races were stopped because of World War II. It was started again in 1962 as part of the Formula One circuit. It was a popular F1 event. It was stopped again after the 1985 race. Some nations began boycotting (not participating) South African events because of racial segregation policy of apartheid. 

After apartheid was ended in 1991, there were two more races held in 1992 and 1993. 

## Winners of the South African Grand Prix
### Repeat winners (drivers) 
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

### Repeat winners (constructors) 
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

### Repeat winners (engine manufacturers) 
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

 Built by Cosworth

### By year
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
## References 
## Resource 
*ChicaneF1
Mini-skirt

, 1967]]

The **mini-skirt**, or miniskirt, is a skirt well above the knees, close to the buttocks. If the top and skirt are all-in-one, then it is a minidress. Microskirts are extremely brief, and usually worn only for publicity events.

Mini-skirts were invented by Mary Quant, who also invented, or promoted, hot pants. There is disagreement as to who came up with the idea first; some say André Courrèges or John Bates. The short- and ever-shorter skirt was evolving already among fashion-minded young women: the designers who adapted it just helped spread the style. In Quant's case, she gave it the name. Mary Quant named the mini-skirt after her favorite make of car, the Mini. She loved the car so much, she had one designed especially for her.

The mini-skirt was invented as a symbolism of the rising femininity in the 1960's.

## Gallery

File:Bebe Feather Dress 2008.jpg|Fashion minidress © Glenn Francis 
File:Bebe Mini Dress 2008.jpg|Little black minidress © Glenn Francis

## References
Luxembourg Grand Prix

The **Luxembourg Grand Prix** () was a Formula One motor race for two years in the 1990s. The FIA created the Luxembourg GP to keep a race at Nürburgring, and allow the European GP to be held in another country.

The FIA only allowed one Formula One per country. They would allow a second race within a country if it had a different Grand Prix name. For several years, the German Grand Prix had been held at Hockenheimring, and the European Grand Prix at Nürburgring. There was unease that the Nürburgring was being given a monopoly for the European GP. The border of Luxembourg lies about 50 miles away from the Nürburgring track.

## Winners of the Luxembourg Grand Prix 
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
## References
Argentine Grand Prix

The **Argentine Grand Prix** was Formula One Grand Prix motor race. It was held off and on from  to . Argentine president Juan Perón was the driving force behind the creation of the circuit, after seeing the success of the country's own Juan Manuel Fangio. 

The circuit was built just outside of Buenos Aires on swampland in 1952.In 1953, the Autodrome hosted the first ever Formula One race held outside Europe. The exile of Perón in 1955 lead to an unstable government. The Argentine Grand Prix left the F1 calendar in 1961 for over a decade.

In  the Argentine Grand Prix returned to the World Championship. Carlos Reutemann became the new homegrown hero.  Reutemann took pole position in his world championship debut. He become only the second driver to do this.  The Grand Prix remained in Argentina through , but the 1982 event was canceled.

A private group purchased the track in 1991 and began to upgrade it. The modernized Argentine Grand Prix returned in . Because of financial problems, the  race was the last running of the Argentine Grand Prix.

## Winners 
### Repeat winners (drivers) 
### Repeat winners (constructors) 
### Repeat winners (engine manufacturers) 
 Designed and built by  Cosworth, funded by Ford

### By year 
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
Austrian Grand Prix

The **Austrian Grand Prix** was a Formula One motor race. The first event was held in 1964 at a race track on the Zeltweg Airfield. The track was deemed too dangerous. It was narrow and very bumpy. Spectators complained of poor viewing areas. The FIA removed the race from the F1 calendar until a better circuit was built.

From 1970 until 1987, the event was held at the Österreichring, near Zeltweg. In 1975, it was called the European Grand Prix. In 1987, the FIA decided that the circuit was too dangerous. The race was dropped for a decade.

In 1995 and 1996, the track was modified and brought up to modern standards. The race returned to F1 in 1997. The circuit was renamed the A1-Ring, after a sponsor. Most of the new track is in Spielberg. Spielberg was now used as the location of the Grand Prix. The final Austrian Grand Prix was held in 2003. The Grand Prix returned to the Formula One calendar in 2014.

## Winners of the Austrian Grand Prix 
### Repeat winners (drivers) 
*Drivers **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

 Shared win with Kurt Ahrens, Jr.

#### Repeat winners (constructors) 
*Teams **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

#### Repeat winners (engine manufacturers) 
*Manufacturers **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

 Built by  Cosworth, funded by Ford (except 1967)

 Between 1998-2001 built by  Ilmor, funded by Mercedes

 Built by  Porsche

### Year by year 
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
## Austrian Grand Prix records 
*Driver
**Most wins - Alain Prost, 3
**Most podiums - David Coulthard, 5
**Most points - David Coulthard, 39
**Most poles - René Arnoux, Nelson Piquet & Niki Lauda, 3 (tied)
**Most grands prix - Jacques Laffite, 12
*Team
**Most wins - McLaren, 6
**Most podiums - Ferrari, 20
**Most points - Ferrari, 142.5
**Most poles - Ferrari, 7
**Most grands prix - Ferrari & McLaren, 25 (tied)

## References
Moroccan Grand Prix

The **Moroccan Grand Prix** was a Grand Prix motor racing event. It began in 1925 in Casablanca, Morocco. The official name was "Casablanca Grand Prix".

In 1930, the race was moved to the new Anfa Racecourse. There was no race in 1933. There were no races between 1935 and 1953. When it returned in 1954, it was held on a circuit at the city of Agadir for sports cars.

A new circuit at Ain-Diab near Casablanca was ready for the 1957 Moroccan Grand Prix Formula One race. This race did not counttoward the World Championship. The only World Championship F1 race was in 1958. The race was marred by the death of Stuart Lewis-Evans. This was the last Grand Prix organized in Morocco.

## Winners of the Moroccan Grand Prix 
### Repeat winners (drivers) 
*No driver won the Moroccan Grand Prix more than one time.*

### Repeat winners (constructors) 
Active constructors are in **bold**.
*Event that were not part of the Formula One World Championship have a* pink background.

### By year 
*Event that were not part of the Formula One World Championship have a* pink background.
Mexican Grand Prix

The **Mexican Grand Prix** (Gran Premio de Mexico) is a Formula One motor race held at the Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez in Mexico City.  It first appeared as a non-championship event in 1962 before being held as a championship event from 1963-1970, 1986-1992 and since 2015.

## Winners of the Mexican Grand Prix 
### Repeat winners (drivers) 
 Shared win with Trevor Taylor
Active drivers are in **bold**.
*Event that were not part of the Formula One World Championship have a* pink background.

### Repeat winners (constructors) 
Active constructors are in **bold**.
*Event that were not part of the Formula One World Championship have a* pink background.

### By year
*Event that were not part of the Formula One World Championship have a* pink background.

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
Hot pants

**Hot pants**, or '**short shorts**', are a fashion item from the 1960s which is still popular today. They first appeared as a design item in so-called 'Swinging London'. The trend for shorter, brighter shorts for young women was started by designers in London such as Mary Quant.

Running or gym shorts are worn by girls as normal wear in some places. Many gym shorts have an inlay made of a comfortable fabric such as cotton, similar to swim shorts (swimming trunks). These are designed to be worn without underwear.

If a person cuts off the legs of a pair of jeans, that's known as a 'cut-off'.

The character Daisy Duke from *The Dukes of Hazzard* was known for wearing low cut blue jeans. The popularity of the character led to the term "Daisy Dukes" being used for short shorts.

File:CSD 2006 Cologne hotpants.jpg|Jean shorts
File:Red short shorts.jpg|Short shorts
File:Pumas3hbdbk.jpg|Running shorts

## References
Manon Lescaut

***Manon Lescaut*** is an Italian opera in four acts by Giacomo Puccini, first performed in Turin, on February 1, 1893, libretto by Luigi Illica, Giuseppe Giacosa, Giulio Ricordi, Marco Praga and  Domenico Oliva. Puccini's third opera and the work that established his reputation. 

## Principal roles
* Manon - soprano
* des Grieux - tenor
* Lescaut - baritone
* Geronte - bass  
* Edmondo - tenor

## Reference
**The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta*, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
Caesars Palace Grand Prix

The **Caesars Palace Grand Prix** was a Formula One motor race in 1981 and 1982. Nissan/Datsun was a presenting sponsor of both races.

When Watkins Glen left the F1 schedule after 1980, the Caesars Palace GP took its place. The track was set up in the parking lot of the Caesars Palace hotel. It was surprisingly well set up for a temporary circuit. It was wide enough for passing, provided ample run-off areas filled with sand, and had a surface that was as smooth as glass. Its counter-clockwise direction put a tremendous strain on the drivers' necks. 1982 was the end of Formula One racing in Las Vegas. The races had drawn only tiny crowds.

In 1983 and 1984, CART ran Grands Prix races on the same circuit.

## Winners of the Caesars Palace Grand Prix 
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
## Related pages
* United States Grand Prix

## References 
## Other websites 
*F1 Rejects article
Detroit Grand Prix

The **Detroit Grand Prix** is a car racing event held in Detroit, Michigan, USA. From 1982 to 1988 it was a part of the Formula One series. It has been a part of the IndyCar Series since 1988.

In 1982, the U.S. became the first country to host three World Championship Grands Prix in one season. As of 2010, it is the only one to do so. In addition to the US GP West and Caesars Palace GP races, the new event was held on another street course, in the Renaissance Center of Detroit.

The original circuit had seventeen corners in 2.493 miles, and included a tunnel and a railroad track crossing. For 1989, it was planned to move the Grand Prix to a new circuit at Belle Isle. However, an agreement could not be reached, and the Grand Prix moved to Phoenix in 1989. After Formula One stopped racing at Detroit, CART held a similar event in its place. The CART event was held on the same track except the 18th turn, a chicane, was removed. In 1992, the race was moved to Belle Isle, an island in the Detroit River. Since then, the race has been held in Belle Isle from 1992 to 2001, 2007 to 2008, and from 2012 to 2022. In 2023, the race track was moved roughly two miles to return to downtown Detroit. The race has been held on the street circuit since.

## Winners
### Repeat winners (drivers)
### Repeat winners (constructors)
### Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)
 Built by Cosworth

### By year
## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
## Related pages
* United States Grand Prix
* United States Grand Prix West
* Caesars Palace Grand Prix
* Dallas Grand Prix

## References
Dallas Grand Prix

The **Dallas Grand Prix** was a Formula One World Championship motor race in 1984. The race was run at the Fair Park street circuit. In 1988, the Dallas GP became a round of the American Trans-Am Series.

## Winners 
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

Sources:

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
## Related pages
* United States Grand Prix

## References
United States Grand Prix West

The **United States Grand Prix West** was a Formula One motor race held at street circuit in Long Beach, California. It was a Formula 5000 race in 1975, and a F1 world championship event from 1976 to 1983. After 1983 the event became the Long Beach Grand Prix of the CART series.

## Winners of the United States Grand Prix West 
*See also Grand Prix of Long Beach*

### Repeat winners (constructors) 
### Repeat winners (engine manufacturers) 
 Built by  Cosworth, engine program funded by Ford

### By year 
*All races were held on the same circuit on various layouts.

## Related pages
* United States Grand Prix
* Detroit Grand Prix
* Caesars Palace Grand Prix
Swedish Grand Prix

The **Swedish Grand Prix** was a round of the Formula One World Championship from 1973 to 1978.  It took place at the Scandinavian Raceway in Anderstorp (Gislaved Municipality), about 30&nbsp;km from Jönköping, in Småland, Sweden. 

 saw the only race appearance of the Brabham BT46B. This car was also known at the *Fan car*. This race car had a large fan in the back of the car. Brabham said the fan was for cooling the car. But the fan also pulled air form underneath the car, creating an large amount of downforce. Niki Lauda won the race in the Fan car.

The deaths in 1978 of both Ronnie Peterson and Gunnar Nilsson contributed to dropping the Swedish GP from the world championship. Interest for Formula One in Sweden fell following the death of these two Swedish racers.

## Winners
*The races before 1956 were formally called the Swedish Summer Grand Prix.*
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

### Repeat winners (drivers)
### Repeat winners (constructors)
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

### Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

 Built by Cosworth

### List of winners by year 
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
## Other websites 
*http://www.allf1.info/tracks/anderstorp.php(http://www.allf1.info/tracks/anderstorp.php) 
*http://www.allf1.info/history/sweden.php(http://www.allf1.info/history/sweden.php) 
*http://www.algonet.se/~alfisti/Anderstorp.html(http://www.algonet.se/~alfisti/Anderstorp.html)