open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Loco, Switzerland

**Loco** is a village and former municipality in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

In 2001 the municipality of Loco was merged with the neighboring municipalities Auressio and Berzona to form a new and larger municipality Isorno.

## References
Director of Central Intelligence

The Office of United States **Director of Central Intelligence** (DCI) was established by U.S. President Harry Truman on January 23 1946 with Admiral Sidney Souers occupying the position. The DCI was coordinating intelligence activities among and between the various United States intelligence agencies, also called the American Intelligence Community.

Until April 2005, the DCI also served as de facto Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and was often referred to colloquially as the "CIA Director." After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the subsequent investigation by the 9/11 Commission, a movement grew to re-organize the Intelligence Community. That movement prompted the creation, on April 21, 2005, of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), in whose purview was the job portfolio that had been performed previously by the Director of Central Intelligence. The latter position then ceased to exist.

## List of Directors of Central Intelligence (in chronological order)
Director of National Intelligence

The **director of national intelligence** (**DNI**) is a cabinet-level United States government intelligence and security official. The position is required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to serve as executive head of the United States Intelligence Community and to direct and oversee the National Intelligence Program.

The DNI also serves as the principal advisor to the U.S. president, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council on all intelligence matters. The DNI, supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), produces the President's Daily Brief, a classified document including intelligence from all IC agencies, handed each morning to the president of the United States.

## List of directors
Position succeeded the Director of Central Intelligence.

## References
James Forrestal

**James Vincent Forrestal** (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was a United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense.
Yaoi

**Yaoi** (やおい) is a term for fiction that shows homosexual male relationships. This is a subgenre of Boys love (BL) that usually originates from Japan and is sexual leaning. 

Yaoi is a term that is short for "Yama nashi, Ochi nashi, Imi nashi." Which means No climax, no point, no meaning. Yaoi has been a term used for Japanese BL, and usually leans towards more sexual content rather then romantic man loving man relationships, and rather has less plot and focuses more on smut and sexual interaction. BL and Yaoi are not the same terms though, BL is a broader term  used to describe any type of man loving man relationship, including platonic and romantic relationships along with sexual relationships, BL also focuses a lot more on character and mutual development, along with more world building then what you would see in Yaoi. 

Yaoi originated in the late 1970s as a derogatory term towards man loving man media that focuses on sexual content rather then plot or character development. Yaoi is no longer used in Japan because of these bad connotations, but rather seen often in western media and across the world through the internet, especially popular on places like TikTok, Tumblr, and AO3 as of 2025. 

Fans of Yaoi have proclaimed themselves as Fujoshi (腐女子) which means Rotten girl, and Fudanashi (腐男子) which means Rotten boy. 

Some Yaoi are based off of real events but most are from the artist's imagination. One example of yaoi anime is *Sekaiichi hatsukoi*, a good example of a great Yaoi manga is "Obnoxious Hero-kun".

This Isn’t yet official to the fandom of Yaoi, but they’d like to add that the Unicorn emoji will signify all Yaoi users across platforms. 

**SOURCES**
https://fanlore.org/wiki/Yaoi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boys%27_love
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/smut
https://fanlore.org/wiki/Fudanshi
https://fanlore.org/wiki/Fujoshi
Robert Gates

**Robert Michael Gates** (born September 25, 1943) was the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense. He took office on December 18, 2006 under George W. Bush and Barack Obama's administrations until his retirement on July 1, 2011 Prior to this, Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States National Security Council. Under President George H. W. Bush, Gates served as Director of Central Intelligence.  He was also president of Texas A&M. He is currently Chancellor of the College of William and Mary.

## References
Donald Rumsfeld

**Donald Henry Rumsfeld** (July 9, 1932 &ndash; June 29, 2021) was an American businessman and politician. Rumsfeld was the 13th United States Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. 

He was both the youngest (43 years old) and the oldest (74 years old) person to have held the position, as well as the only person to have held the position for two non-consecutive terms. Rumsfeld was also the second-longest serving Secretary of Defense, behind Robert McNamara.

Rumsfeld was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois between 1963 until 1969. He was also the Ambassador to NATO from 1973 until 1974. He was also the White House Chief of Staff from 1974 until 1975 during the Gerald Ford presidency.

He ran for President of the United States in the 1988 election, but withdrew before any primary contests were held. He thought about running again in the 1996 election, but did not run and helped Bob Dole's campaign.

Rumsfeld died of multiple myeloma at his ranch in Taos, New Mexico on June 29, 2021 at the age of 88.

## References
White Lion

*White Lion* was a rock band from Omaha, Nebraska. Formed in 2020 by American guitarist Kai Warner and Australian bassist Lachlan Colebrook, they later recruited vocalist Parker Nassal. Their raw mixture of Bubblegum Pop and Hard Rock was praised for being unique and one-of-kind. Each member was between 14 and 16 years old. They released a self titled album in 2021, followed by their sophomore release titled "ROAR" in 2023 before the departure of Colebrook due to creative differences, the other members followed suit, resulting in their disbandment. White Lion failed to reach mainstream success, mostly due to the member's inability to cooperate with each other. Their albums were taken off streaming platforms in 2024 due to legal disputes, but their music can still be found on SoundCloud and YouTube. Warner still regularly uploads to social media, and has been working on a solo career since early 2023. Colebrook and DeVilliers went on to start the metalcore duo "The Two Idiots".

## Albums
*"White Lion" (2021)
*"ROAR" (2023)

## Singles
*"Love Me Like You Mean It" (2021)
*"I Wanna Be Yours" (2021)
*"All of My Love" (2021)
*"King of the World" (2021)
*"Mouth for War (Death By Words)" (2022)
*"Rest In Peace" (2023)
*"Skies of Avalon" (2023)
*"American Greed" (2023)
Mike Tramp

**Mike Tramp** (born January 14, 1961 in Copenhagen) is a Danish singer who sings for White Lion. He is the only member left in White Lion that was in the band when they were first made. After White Lion broke up in 1992 he joined a new band called *Freak of Nature*, after that band broke up he had a solo career. In 1999 he brought White Lion back with new members, and made a new White Lion album called "Return of the Pride" in 2008.

Mike Tramp currently resides in NY and is married to someone named Mary Beth.  He was formerly married to Fleur Theimeyer and Ayu Azhari.  He has three children: a son named Dylan,a daughter named Isabel, and a second son named Lennon.

## Albums
### With White Lion
*"Fight to Survive" (1985)
*"Pride" (1987)
*"Big Game" (1989)
*"Mane Attraction" (1991)
*"Return of the Pride" (2008)

### With Freak of Nature
*"Freak of Nature" (1993)
*"Gathering of the Freaks" (1994)

### Solo albums
*"Capricorn" (1998)
*"Recovering the Wasted Years" (2002)
*"More to Life than This" (2003)
*"Songs I Left Behind" (2004)
Yuri (manga)

**Yuri** () is a genre about relationships between women in manga, anime, light novel, dōjinshi, webcomics, and other Japanese media. Yuri can be either about spirit, sex, friendship or emotions in such relationship.

"Yuri" is a jargon word and it normally means "lily" in Japanese. The terms "S-class", "Girls Love" and "shoujo-ai" are also used to describe this genre.

## History 
### Before 1970: Class S literature 
One of the first Japanese authors to write about love between women was Nobuko Yoshiya, a novel writer during the Taishō and Shōwa periods, and was one of the founders of Japanese lesbian literature, including the Class S genre. The genre shows lesbian attachments as intense yet platonic relationships, certain to be reduced by graduation from school, marriage, or death. The source of the genre is in part with the modern belief that gay love was a normal part of female development, leading into being in straight relationships. Usually, Class S stories focused on strong emotional bonds between an upperclassman and an underclassman.

## References
Mark Lambert

**Mark Lambert** born 19 February, 1985 in England is a rugby union player for Harlequins in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a prop.

## References
## Other websites
*Harlequins profile
Sadism

**Sadism** is a condition in which people get pleasure from humiliating, harming or hurting others. Often the pleasure is of a sexual kind.  When a person finds pleasure in being hurt or humiliated, their condition is called Masochism.

The terms "sadism" and "masochism" were both invented by Richard von Krafft-Ebing, a German psychiatrist. He named Sadism after the Marquis de Sade, a French nobleman who in the eighteenth century wrote many books, stories, and plays. Sade's books include many characters who find pleasure in cruelty, including torture and even murder.

These kind of people usually enjoy it when others are hurt, but specific ones love pain in general. Most of the time people who are masochistic or sadistic are sad in real life.

The condition is often fetishized on the internet and sometimes related to self-doubt or self-hate.

## Different forms of Sadism
At first, Sadism meant only cruelty for sexual pleasure, but as the word became more widely used its meaning changed. Nowadays any person who enjoys being cruel to others can be called "sadistic," even if they get no sexual excitement from what they do.

Some people who have sadistic sexual fantasies mean no real harm to anyone. In BDSM a "top" or dominant person will bind his or her partner or "punish" them in different ways, but what they do will not go beyond limits which the partner has agreed on. On the other hand, a small minority are severely perverted or mentally ill and wish to act out their sadistic fantasies for real. Such people are rare, but they can be very dangerous. Many serial killers and psychopaths have been sexual sadists.

## Treating sadism
Treating sadism is difficult, but it looks like psychotherapy can help in certain cases. Note: It has not been proven that people with sadism can be successfully treated. The former statement is not accurate.

## Reading materials
* Fromm, Erich: *The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness*, 1973
* Fromm, Erich: *Escape from Freedom*, 1941
* Lennig, Walter: *Marquis de Sade.* 
* Schorsch, Eberhard und Becker, Nikolaus: 'Angst, Lust Zerstörung  -  Sadismus als soz. u. kriminelles Handeln. Zur Psychodynamik sexueller Tötungen' (2000) Psychosozial-Verlag,
James Inglis (rugby union)

**James Inglis** (born 26 August 1986 in England) is a rugby union player for Harlequins in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a second-row. He has now moved to Roslyn Park RUFC.

James retired from rugby and now teaches at independent boarding school. On 30 May 2019, James married Sarah McDonald, at Chateau de Blomac. 

## Other websites 
*Harlequins profile
Alex Rogers

**Alex Rogers** (born 16 December 1986 in England) is a rugby union player.  he plays for the Newcastle Falcons in the English Premiership.

Rogers plays as a prop. Previously he played for the Harlequins. 

## Other websites 
*Newcastle Falcons profile 
*Harlequins profile
David Blaney

**David Blaney** (born 3 March 1979 in England) is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a hooker.

## Other websites 
*Guinness Premiership profile
Chris Ashwin

**Chris Ashwin** (born 19 November 1987 in Gloucester) is a British rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a fly-half.

## Other websites
*Guinness Premiership profile
Network address translation

In computer networking, **network address translation** (NAT) is a technique of modifying the network address information in the IP packet headers while transferring the packet across a traffic routing device; such a technique remaps a given address space into another (usually smaller) address space. This allows multiple computers to share a single public IPv4 address, which has become necessary because there are not enough IPv4 addresses for every computer in the world.

Today, NAT is used to hide networks (called *network masquerading*) or to hide IP (called *IP masquerading*). *Masquerading* is the mechanism that hides an entire address space, usually consisting of private network addresses (RFC 1918), behind a single IP address usually in the public domain address space. 

The NAT mechanism is implemented inside a routing device that keeps track of the *state* of the network connections. The NAT device may also implement a firewall. The router uses translation tables to map the "hidden" addresses into a single address and then rewrites the outgoing IP packets on exit from the router so that they appear to originate from the router. In the reverse communications path, responses to the outgoing packets are mapped back to the originating IP address using the reverse of the rules (*"state"*) stored in the translation tables. The outgoing IP packets establish the device translation tables.

The translation table rules established in the above way are cleared after a short period without new traffic refreshing their *state*. However, most NAT devices today allow the network administrator to configure translation tables’ entries for permanent use. This feature is often referred to as "static NAT" or port forwarding and allows traffic originating in the 'outside' network to reach selected hosts in the *masqueraded network*.

Carrier-grade NAT, also called large-scale NAT, is NAT done by the Internet service provider (ISP). This is used when the ISP has more customers than IP addresses. This is commonly used by cellular service providers on 3G and 4G networks, but it is not (yet) common on landline DSL or cable connections. The CIDR address block 100.64.0.0/10 is reserved for carrier-grade NAT, although many ISPs improperly use RFC 1918 private addresses, which are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16.

NAT is used only in IPv4. It is not necessary in IPv6, because IPv6 has enough addresses for every computer in the world to have a global address. IPv6 can, however, use network prefix translation, which translates the network prefix (usually the first 64 bits of the address) from private address space to public, but leaves the host identifier (usually the last 64 bits) the same. This creates a one-to-one mapping of IPv6 addresses and does not have the same drawbacks as traditional NAT.

## Related pages
* Internet protocol suite
* Communications protocol
Nwankwo Kanu

**Nwankwo Kanu** (born 1 August 1976) is a Nigerian football player. He plays for Portsmouth and Nigeria national team.

## Personal Life 
Nwankwo Kanu is married to fitness enthusiast, Amara Kanu and they have 3 children together. Two sons and one daughter.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Kanu goal.''

## Honours
**Iwuanyanwu Nationale**
*Nigerian Premier League: 1992–93

**Ajax**
*Eredivisie: 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96
*UEFA Super Cup: 1995 2002–03; runner-up: 2000–01
*FA Charity Shield: 1999
*UEFA Cup runner-up: 1999–2000

**Portsmouth**
*FA Cup: 2007–08

**Nigeria U17**
*FIFA U-17 World Championship: 1993
*African Cup of Nations runner-up: 2000
*African Cup of Nations Bronze: 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008

**Individual**
*Ajax Talent of the Year (Marco van Basten Award): 1994–95
*African Footballer of the Year: 1996, 1999
*BBC African Footballer of the Year: 1997, 1999
*FA Cup Final Man of the Match: 2008
*IFFHS Legends
* IFFHS All-time Africa Men's Dream Team: 2021

## References
Router

A **router** is a computer whose software and hardware are designed to move data between computer networks. Routers move internet traffic to where it needs to go. They do this by choosing the shortest path between the computers using a complicated system of rules called routing protocols. Most routers have a specialized operating system, RAM, NVRAM, flash memory, and one or more processors. They also have two or more network interfaces.  They come in a variety of sizes from something that could hold in the hand to something too large for one person to lift.

If a computer has a connection to the Internet, it is connected to a router that the computer sends data to. This is the first router the computer will connect to in order to get to the internet. It is known as a default gateway because it is the gateway to the internet. Normally, the gateway has the lowest IP address (like a phone number for a computer) in the subnet (a group of addresses). Anytime a computer makes a connection (such as a connection to www.wikipedia.org), the IP address of the destination server is found using a service called DNS (Domain Name System). Once the destination address has been found, the computer connects to the gateway router. The gateway then sends data to a router at the ISP (Internet Service Provider). That router is a part of the internet and connects to other routers until the data reaches the destination.
 built in.]]
In small networks such as homes, small businesses (including internet cafés) and small schools, the router also performs NAT (network address translation) which makes all outgoing connections look like they come from one address. Typically, incoming connections are only allowed if they are replies to connections made by a computer inside the NAT.

Routers connect two or more networks and direct traffic between them.  These networks may be physical (the network is associated with a port) or logical (not associated with a port on the router). The term **layer 3 switch** often is used the same as 'router', but it is a general term without a technical definition.  Layer 3 switch implies a device that is built to connect Ethernet devices in a LAN but can also perform routing.

Router operating systems are split into two parts:
* The Control Plane, where the router learns the best port to send data to for a specific destination
* The Forwarding Plane, where the router does the work of sending data to its destination.

## Related pages
* Internet protocol suite
* Communications protocol

## References 
**External Links**

DigiDis

Tenda F3
Network address

**Network address** may refer to:
*Wifi
*classful address
*IP address
*IPX address
*logical address
*network layer address,
*X.25/X.21 address 
*MAC address

## Related pages
*autonomous system (Internet) 
*host address
*link layer 
*subnet mask
Surrey, British Columbia

**Surrey** is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is a part of Metro Vancouver, which is  next to the cities of; Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam to the north, Pitt Meadows to the north east, Langley to the east, New Westminster to the north west, White Rock to the south, and Delta to the west. Surrey is also next to Blaine, Washington, USA to the south.

Surrey has six town centres: Whalley, Newton, Guildford, Fleetwood, Cloverdale, and South Surrey.

The mayor of Surrey is Brenda Locke.

## About Surrey
Surrey was made as a municipality in 1879, in the early 90s, more people started moving to Surrey and made it their home. In 1993, Surrey turned into a city.

In 1937, the Pattullo Bridge was made, and connected Surrey to New Westminster. The bridge also caused more people to move to Surrey. In 1964, the Port Mann Bridge was built to connect from Surrey to Coquitlam. The Port Mann Bridge is a part of the famous Trans Canada Highway. Six highways run through Surrey, Highway 10, Highway 99, Highway 99A, Highway 15, Highway 1, and Highway 1A. Surrey is the location of the Peace Arch, which is a monument at the Canada-US border. Surrey is also the second biggest city in British Columbia by population and it is expected to beat Vancouver's population as the biggest city in the province by 2020. Surrey is one of the fastest growing cities in Canada and the fastest growing city in Metro Vancouver.

The population in 2021 was 568,322.

## References
Jon Fisher

**Jon Fisher** is an economist, an author, and a businessman. Fisher created his company Bharosa to create software to make computers safer. He is also a part-time professor at the University of San Francisco. Fisher has created forecasts about jobs in the United States. He said it was a mistake for the government to help banks in a weak economy. He has appeared on the news websites TechCrunch, Marketwired, and *The Wall Street Journal*.

## Early Life and Education
Jon Fisher was born on January 19, 1972. His parents are Gerald and Anita Fisher. They are both professors at Stanford University. Jon attended The Nueva School and Crystal Springs Uplands School. He graduated from the University of San Francisco. In 1998, he formed a new company, NetClerk. This new company was purchased by the Builders Information Group in 2002. NetClerk created software that allowed people in the construction and plumbing industries to obtain online permits.

After working with NetClerk, Fisher gave his help to new business owners. He taught them how to reorganize and sell their business for a profit. In 2004, Fisher and Thomas Varghese started the company Bharosa. Fisher was the chief executive officer (CEO) for the company. Bharosa creates security software to make online customers safe.

Fisher currently works as the chief executive officer of CrowdOptic. He began to work there on November 17, 2010. He is also an adjunct professor at the University of San Francisco. Fisher has published a book titled *Strategic Entrepreneurism: Shattering the Start-Up Entrepreneurial Myths*.

Fisher was recognized in 2008 and 2009 when he made several predictions about the direction of the United States economy. In April 2008, he said that the unemployment rate in the United States would be 9% in 2009. This fact became true. In 2009, Fisher said that unemployment would not be more than 10.4%. He said it would be 8% by the end of 2010.

## Awards and Recognition
Jon Fisher has received several honors for his work as an entrepreneur and teacher, including:

* American City Business Journals Forty Under 40 (2006)
* Ernst & Young Entrepreneur Of The Year, Emerging Category (2007)

## Other websites 
*SVB annual summit speech, 2013 
*Commonwealth Club speech, 2009 
*Speech at Brown University 
*Dow Jones MarketWatch
*NewsHour With Jim Lehrer 
*San Francisco Chronicle Op-ed 
*Interview with the *Wall Street Journal*, March 2009

## References
## Other websites 
*Guinness Premiership profile
Lachlan Mitchell

**Lachlan Mitchell** (born September 30, 1987 in Sydney) is an Australian rugby union player for the London Wasps in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a centre.

## Other websites 
*Guinness Premiership profile
Charlie Beech

**Charlie Beech** (born 21 July 1987) is an English rugby union player for the London Wasps in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a prop. He was born in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, England.

## Other websites 
*Guinness Premiership profile
Hugo Ellis

**Hugo Ellis** (born 4 February 1988) is a rugby union player for the London Wasps in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a back-row. He was born in Isleworth, London, England.

## References
## Other websites 
*Guinness Premiership profile
Delta, British Columbia

**Delta** is a city in British Columbia, Canada. Delta is a part of Metro Vancouver. Delta is next to the cities of; Richmond to the north, Surrey to the east, and New Westminster to the north east. Delta is also next to Point Roberts to the south, Point Roberts is a part of Whatcom County, Washington, USA. Delta is the biggest place in Metro Vancouver in terms of land mass, Surrey is the second biggest. The mayor of Delta is George Harvie.

Delta has three towns; Ladner, Tsawwassen, and North Delta.

## About Delta 
Delta was founded in 1868 by two people named William and Thomas Ladner. In 1879, Delta was officially designated as a municipality.

The George Massey tunnel was built in 1959. It connects Delta to Richmond. In 1986, the Alex Fraser bridge was built. It connects Delta to New Westminster. Four highways go through Delta: Highway 99, Highway 17, Highway 10, and Highway 91. The busy Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal is in Delta. Delta is also has a lot of farm land and the Burns Bog, which is the largest peat bog in North America.

## Towns 
Delta is made up of three townships:

* **North Delta** - most people who live in Delta live here. North Delta is next to Surrey by Scott Road to the east and 96th Avenue to the north. The first and only Krispy Kreme donut shop in British Columbia is in North Delta. North Delta is also has the Scottsdale Centre shopping mall. 52,000 people live in North Delta.

* **Ladner** - a small town in north-west Delta. Ladner is the main center of Delta. Ladner has a downtown center. The Delta Municipal Hall, the Delta Hospital, the Delta Cable building, the Delta Museum, and the Delta School District head office are all in Ladner. Ladner also has an airport, which is called the Boundary Bay Airport. The main street in Ladner is Ladner Trunk Road, which turns into Highway 10. 25,000 people live in Ladner.

* **Tsawwassen** - a place named after a First Nations tribe. The busy Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal, which has ferries that go to Victoria, Nanaimo, and the Gulf Islands, is in Tsawwassen. Tsawwassen is also has Delta's only border crossing, which goes to Point Roberts, Washington, USA. Tsawwassen also has a beach and two Indian reserves. The Tsawwassen Town Centre Mall, South Delta's only shopping mall, is also in Tsawwassen. The main street for Tsawwassen is 56th Street. 25,000 live in Tsawwassen.

## Other websites
*Official website
Tim Swinson

**Tim Swinson** born 17 February, 1987 in London, England is a rugby union player for the Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a lock.

## Other websites
*Guinness Premiership profile
Rory Clegg

**Rory Clegg** (born 6 January 1990 in Hanover, Germany) is an English rugby union player for the Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a fly-half.

## Other websites
*Guinness Premiership profile
Ryan Prosser

**Ryan Prosser** born 10 July, 1988 in Wales is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a hooker.

## Other websites 
*Guinness Premiership profile
Paul Cook (footballer)

**Paul Anthony Cook** (born February 22, 1967 in Liverpool) is an English former footballer and the current manager of Chesterfield. He played for 23 years for many different clubs.

## Career statistics
### Playing statistics
Source:

### Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Player
**Burnley**
*Football League Second Division runner-up: 1999–2000

**Accrington Stanley**
*Conference National: 2005–06

**Individual**
*Wolverhampton Wanderers Player of the Year: 1992–93

### Manager
**Sligo Rovers**
*FAI Cup runner-up: 2009
*FAI Cup: 2010, 2011
*League of Ireland Cup: 2010

**Chesterfield**
*Football League Two: 2013–14
*National League: 2023–24
*Football League Trophy runner-up: 2013–14

**Portsmouth**
*EFL League Two: 2016–17

**Wigan Athletic**
*EFL League One: 2017–18

**Individual**
*Football League/EFL League Two Manager of the Month: August 2013, April 2017
*LMA League Two Manager of the Year: 2017
*EFL League One Manager of the Month: October 2017, March 2018, April 2018
*National League Manager of the Month: August 2022, January 2024

## References
David Cook (singer)

**David Cook** is an American alternative rock and post-grunge singer-songwriter.  He was born on December 20, 1982.  His hometown is Blue Springs, Missouri.

## American Idol
In 2008, David was the winner of American Idol Season 7.
Masochism

**Masochism** is a medical condition where people who suffer from it get pleasure from being hurt or humiliated by others. Often, the pleasure is sexual. When a person gets pleasure from being the one who causes hurt or humiliation, their condition is called Sadism.

The word "masochism" was invented by Richard von Krafft-Ebing, a German psychiatrist. He named it after Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836-1895), a writer whose books and stories often featured men in love with women who treated them cruelly.

## Different forms of Masochism
Many people with masochistic feelings do not really want to be hurt badly (although some do take it too far). They want to act out their daydreams, such as being tied up and kidnapped, choked, hit, whipped or becoming the slave of another person. In BDSM, people often agree who will be "dominant/dom" and "submissive/sub" before they do anything together, and talk about exactly what they will do before they do it. People who do this kind of masochism usually do it for sexual excitement and or stress release. 

Most people who practice BDSM are concerned about their partner's safety. When people are careless about safety, or have no partner and play masochistic games when they are alone, it can be very dangerous. In some cases people have died from such games, especially when they involve suffocation, like hanging or rubber masks, even more dangerous when making it hard to get out by putting themselves in things like handcuffs.

Some people suffer from emotional masochism. They are more comfortable when they feel sad or consider themselves failures in life, or prefer to be in a relationship with someone who cheats or insults them. People who have these kind of feelings may have been bullied or abused earlier in life, or may feel that they do not deserve success and happiness.

Sometimes, self-injury is seen as a form of masochism which is not motivated sexually. Other behaviours, such as nail biting or trichotillomania often occur in situations where there is a lot of stress or pressure on the individual. While they are related to the individual's way to deal with stressful situations, they are also often rooted in the personality.

## Treating masochism
Treating masochism is difficult, but it looks like psychotherapy can help in some cases. People who like to be hurt during sex often say they're happy, though. Even not in sex, masochism can be natural in people.

## Related pages 
*Sadomasochism
Lolicon

with sexual themes.]]
, is a slang word for the phrase "Lolita complex". In Japan, the word explains a schediaphilic desire for drawings of young or young-looking girls. Outside Japan, the word is less common. It denotes a genre of manga and anime in which young female characters are shown in a sexual way. The word has an origin in to Vladimir Nabokov's book, *Lolita*. In the book, a middle-aged man sexually desires a 12-year-old girl, however to use this origin as the current meaning is not ideal as the word has changed its meaning through time.

Some people claim that lolicon adds to actual sexual abuse of children, while others claim that there is no facts that show this, or that facts show the opposite. Countries have tried to make lolicon that shows children naked or having sex illegal as a type of child pornography. 

One of the few that has made it actually illegal is the United Kingdom where the possession of lolicon pornography is illegal. These laws have been criticised heavily, and charges of lolicon child porn tend not to stick, because a judge reasons that no real children were harmed to make it and posses it and therefore it is not worth conviction, or because the harm that will be caused by giving the person a jail sentence is considered disproportionate to their charges.

In June 2007, Jimmy Wales deleted several lolicon images of "Wikipe-tan" saying they were "pedophilic sexualization of a community mascot."

The boy version is called Shotacon.

## Notes
Behemoth

**Behemoth** is a metal band from Gdańsk, Poland. Their early albums were black metal, but later they switched to a mixture of death metal and black metal. The band has been important in the creation of the Polish extreme metal underground.

## Discography 
* *Sventevith (Storming Near the Baltic)*&nbsp;(1995)
* *Grom*&nbsp;(1996)
* *Pandemonic Incantations*&nbsp;(1998)
* *Satanica*&nbsp;(1999)
* *Thelema.6*&nbsp;(2000)
* *Zos Kia Cultus (Here and Beyond)*&nbsp;(2002)
* *Demigod*&nbsp;(2004)
* *The Apostasy*&nbsp;(2007)
* *Evangelion*&nbsp;(2009)
* *The Satanist* (2014)
* *I Loved You at Your Darkest* (2018)
* *Opvs Contra Natvram* (2022)
* *The Shit ov God* (2025)

## References
Studio Ghibli

is a Japanese movie studio in Koganei, Tokyo. It produces anime shows and movies. It has won many awards for some of its movies, including an Academy Award for *Spirited Away*. The company was established by Hayao Miyazaki in 1985. The name comes from the Arabic word *ghibli*, for hot winds blowing from the Sahara Desert. The main focus of Ghibli is to produce long animations, but they have produced short animations since the middle of 1990. Their movies often satirize the society at that time. The company tends to choose famous actors from television or movies as their voice actors. They also have a museum located in Mitaka.

## Selected works
* *Castle in the sky,* 1986
* *My Neighbor Totoro,* 1988
* *Grave of the Fireflies,* 1988
* ''Kiki's Delivery Service,* 1989
* *Only Yesterday,* 1991
* *Porco Rosso,* 1992
* *Pom Poko,* 1994
* *Whisper of the Heart,* 1995
* *Princess Mononoke,* 1997
* *My Neighbors the Yamadas,* 1999
* *Kiki's Delivery Service: The Series,* 2000-2002
* *Spirited Away,* 2001  
* *The Cat Returns,*2002
* *Howl's Moving Castle,* 2004
* *Tales from Earthsea,* 2006
**Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea,* 2008
* *The Secret World of Arrietty,* 2010 
* *From Up on Poppy Hill,* 2011
* *The Wind Rises*, 2013
* *The Tale of Princess Kaguya,* 2013
* *When Marnie Was There*, 2014
* *The Red Turtle*, 2016
* *Earwig and the Witch*, 2020
* *How Do You Live?*, 2023
* *Prism Dreamers,'' 2023-present (Co-production with Warner Bros. Animation)

## References
## Other websites 
*Stubio Ghibli site (in Japanese)
*GHIBLI MUSEUM,MITAKA
Reverse DNS lookup

**Reverse DNS lookup** (rDNS) is the process of determining the hostname or the host computer associated with a given IP address or any other type of network address.

Typically, the Domain Name System is used to determine what IP address is associated with a given domain name. So, to "reverse-resolve" a known IP address to determine the hostname is simply the process of searching what host and domain name belongs to that IP address.  

A reverse lookup is often referred to as **reverse resolving**, or more specifically **reverse DNS lookup**, and is accomplished using a "reverse IN-ADDR entry" in the form of a PTR record.

RFC 1033 in the "INSTRUCTIONS" section, and later, RFC 1912 Section 2.1 states *"Every Internet-reachable host should have a name"* and *"Make sure your PTR and A records match"*.

## Related pages
* Internet protocol suite
* Communications protocol
Doujinshi

is a Japanese work that a person creates alone or with people who also share same interest. A group of people who work together to create doujinshi are called a . Some circles have only one artist working by themselves: they are sometimes called . These works can be books, manga, art, or other things. Doujinshi are often created by amateurs, but, some professional artists also make doujinshi. The word "doujinshi" comes from  and . *Shi* is a contraction of the full word *zasshi*. *Zasshi* means *magazine*.
 
Doujinshi are part of a larger category of dōjin. This category includes art collections, anime, hentai, and games.

People who make Doujinshi are often called "Indie" creators. There are entire genres of games and music dedicated to doujinshi. Due to the nature of Doujinshi, people who make it often find it more difficult to distribute their work than those who choose to distribute on traditional publishing or mainstream channels.

## Other websites 
*TheAkiba DoujinART Gallery : A gallery sharing Anime Artwork and Doujinshi scans.
*Passion: A popular doujinshi fanlisting site
*Doujinshi DB : A large database of dōjinshi artists, circles, and books
Mumia Abu-Jamal

**Mumia Abu-Jamal** (born **Wesley Cook** on April 24, 1954) is an American activist. He was convicted and given the death penalty for the 1981 murder of police officer Daniel Faulkner in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (U.S.). Before his arrest, he was a Black Panther Party member, taxi driver, and journalist. Since he was found guilty, his case has been popular around the world, and he has become a controversial cultural icon. Many people disagree on whether it is morally correct for him to receive the death penalty, if he is guilty, or if he had a fair trial. While he was in prison, he has published several books and other commentaries, notably *Live from Death Row* (1995).

As of 2025, Abu-Jamal is still in prison.
## References
Overkill

**Overkill** is a thrash metal band from New Jersey. They formed in 1980 and have played music since then.

## Studio albums
* *Feel the Fire* (1985)
* *Taking Over* (1987)
* *Under The Influence* (1988)
* *The Years of Decay* (1989)
* *Horrorscope* (1991)
* *I Hear Black* (1993)
* *W.F.O.* (1994)
* *The Killing Kind* (1996)
* *From the Underground and Below* (1997)
* *Necroshine* (1999)
* *Bloodletting* (2000)
* *Killbox 13* (2003)
* *ReliXIV* (2005)
* *Immortalis* (2007)
* *Ironbound* (2010)
* *The Electric Age* (2012)
* *White Devil Armory* (2014)
* *The Grinding Wheel* (2017)
* *The Wings of War* (2019)
* *Scorched* (2023)

## References
## Other websites
* Official OVERKILL Site
* BORN IN THE BASEMENT- Thrash Metal/ Overkill History 
* Overkill artwork archive from Rat Skates
Damageplan

**Damageplan** was a heavy metal band from Dallas, Texas. They started playing in 2003 after Pantera's guitarist and drummer decided to start a new band. They only released one album, called *New Found Power*. On December 8, 2004, the guitarist Dimebag Darrell was shot and killed by an obsessed fan named Nathan Gale during a concert. After the incident, the band broke up.

## References
Down (band)

**Down** is a heavy metal band from New Orleans, Louisiana. They started playing in 1991 and the band consisted of members of several bands.

File:W0827-Hellfest2013 Down PatrickBruders PhilAnselmo 69270.JPG|Patrick Bruders & Phil Anselmo
File:W0828-Hellfest2013 Down PepperKeenan 69263.JPG|Pepper Keenan
File:W0829-Hellfest2013 Down PhilAnselmo 69245.JPG|Phil Anselmo
File:W0830-Hellfest2013 Down PhilAnselmo KirkWindstein 69259 (cropped).JPG|Phil Anselmo & Kirk Windstein

## References
Breakout (album)

***Breakout*** is the second studio album by singer Miley Cyrus. The album was released July 22, 2008. Singles from the album include "Full Circle", "Fly On The Wall", "7 Things", "Wake Up America", and "Breakout'.

## Promotion
Cyrus performed a free concert at Bryant Park on July 18, as a part of *Good Morning America*'s summer concert series. Cyrus also guest hosted *TRL* on two consecutive days, appeared on *Today*, and performed as a part of their summer concert series, shutting down 84th street for the first time because of the number of fans who attended.

## "See You Again" song
"See You Again (Rock Mafia Remix)" is the second single from the album, it was released on August 11, 2008, only in the United Kingdom as a promotional single. This song peaked at #11 in the UK Singles Chart, making her first Top 20 in that region.

## Track listing
# "Breakout" – 3:26
# "7 Things" – 3:33
# "The Driveway" – 3:43
# "Girls Just Want to Have Fun" – 3:06
# "Full Circle" – 3:14
# "Fly on the Wall" – 2:31
# "Bottom of the Ocean" – 3:15
# "Wake Up America" – 2:46
# "These Four Walls" – 3:28
# "Simple Song" – 3:32
# "Goodbye" – 3:53
# "See You Again (Rock Mafia Remix)" – 3:16
#* Remix: "See You Again"

## References
7 Things

**"7 Things"** is a single released June 2008 off the album *Breakout* by Miley Cyrus. The music video for "7 Things" was released May 30, 2008.
Girls Just Want to Have Fun

"**Girls Just Wanna Have Fun**" is a song by Cyndi Lauper. It was the first single by Lauper.  The single reached number one in over ten countries. It received a Grammy Award nomination for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Cap'n Lou Albano was in the music video for the song.

The song was covered by Miley Cyrus. The Miley Cyrus version is off her album *Breakout*. It has been covered on either an album or in live concert by over 30 other artists.
Advanced Encryption Standard

In cryptography, the **Advanced Encryption Standard** (**AES**), is a symmetric-key, block cipher algorithm that was selected by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. It was selected for encrypting data. It is commonly used around the world. The Advanced Encryption Standard has replaced the Data Encryption Standard (DES). 

As of 2008, AES is one of the most popular algorithms used in symmetric key cryptography. It is available to programmers and the general public with various software packages.

## History 
AES is a type of Rijndael () block cipher developed by Belgian programmers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology held a competition for a publicly available symmetric-key encryption algorithm and started accepting entries in 1997.

In 1998, fifteen algorithms were selected for the first round in the First AES Conference. After asking for comments, the NIST held the Second AES Conference where the top five algorithms were MARS, RC6, Rijndael, Serpent, and Twofish.

By 2000 and the end of the Third AES Conference, the NIST selected Rijndael for the AES proposal. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was published as a Federal Information Processing Standard on November 26, 2001.

## Details 
AES has a fixed block sizes of 128 bits and three values of key size 128, 192, or 256 bits."The design and strength of all key lengths of the AES algorithm (i.e., 128, 192 and 256) are sufficient to protect classified information up to the SECRET level. TOP SECRET information will require use of either the 192 or 256 key lengths. The implementation of AES in products intended to protect national security systems and/or information must be reviewed and certified by NSA prior to their acquisition and use."

AES is fast in both software and hardware, is relatively easy to implement, and requires little memory.

## Standard 
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is defined in:

* FIPS PUB 197: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
* ISO/IEC 18033-3: Block ciphers

## Related pages
* DES-X
* Data Encryption Standard (DES)
* Triple DES (TDES)

## References
Polis

**Polis** means a city, a city-state and also citizenship and body of citizens. In context with Ancient Greece *polis* means nearly always "city-state."

The word originates from the ancient Greek city-states, which developed during the Archaic period and existed well into Roman times, when the equivalent Latin word was *civitas*, that means 'citizenhood' as well.

An ancient *polis* often centered around a citadel, called the *acropolis*. Nearly always it had an *agora* (market) and typically one or more temples and a *gymnasium*.  Many citizens of a *polis* did not live in the central city but in the suburbs or countryside.  The Greeks regarded the *polis* as a religious and political association: while the *polis* would control territory and colonies beyond the city itself, the *polis* would not simply consist of a geographical area.

## Words coming from "polis"
Modern European languages have many words that come from *polis*. In English there are **policy**, **polity**, **police** and **politics.**  In Greek, words coming from *polis* include *politēs* and *politismos*.

A number of words end in the word "-polis". Most refer to a special kind of city and/or state. Some examples are:
* Megalopolis, made by adding Greek word for "big" and meaning a conurbation built by merging several cities and their suburbs.
* Metropolis, made by adding the Greek word for "mother" and meaning the mother city of a colony, the see of a metropolitan archbishop, or a Metropolitan area.

Other refer to part of a city or a group of cities, such as:
* Acropolis, 'high city' — upper part of a polis, often citadel and/or site of major temple(s).
* Tripolis, a group of three cities, retained in the names of a Tripoli in Libya and a  in Lebanon

### Other cities
The names of several other towns and cities in Europe and the Middle East have contained the suffix "*-polis*" since antiquity; or currently feature modernized spellings, such as "*-pol*". Some of the examples are:

***Heliopolis**, Egypt
***Persepolis**, Iran
***Sevastopol**, Crimea, Ukraine

The names of other cities were also given the suffix "*-polis*" after antiquity, either referring to ancient names or simply unrelated:
***Annapolis**, Maryland, United States of America
***Indianapolis**, Indiana, United States of America
***Minneapolis**, Minnesota, United States of America
***Illiopolis**, Illinois, United States of America
***Metropolis**, Illinois, United States of America
*Demopolis, Alabama, United States of America
*Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
*Thermopolis, Wyoming, Unites States of America
There are a large number of cities ending in polis located in Brazil, particularly in the state of Goiás. Examples include:

* Anápolis
* Nerópolis
* Pirenópolis
* Figueirópolis
* Palmeirópolis

## Notes
## Further reading
* Hansen, Mogens Herman. *Polis: An Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State*. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006 (hardcover, ; paperback, ).
*