open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Book of Zephaniah

The **Book of Zephaniah** is a book of the Bible and is thought to be written by “Zephaniah son of Cushi son of Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah, in the days of King Josiah son of Amon of Judah”.

The book begins by telling of God's judgement on the Kingdom of Judah. Three times God says  "I will sweep away" in Chapter 1 verses 1 and 2.  This tells of total destruction.  In the Bible repeating three times makes the warning stronger. The mention in Chapter 1 verse 2 of "humans and animals ... the birds ... the fish" reverses the creation order in Genesis Chapter 1 verse 28, showing the creation is being undone. "From the face of the earth" is a reference to the Genesis flood story in Genesis, where it also tells of an undoing of creation. This is very strong language of the coming destruction because of the sins of the people, corruption and injustice. 

In chapter 2, Zephaniah also warns of punishment for many of the surrounding nations.  These will also be destroyed.  The nations mentioned include Philistia, Moab, Ammon,Cush and Assyria.

In Chapter 3, as is common in prophetic literature in the Bible, a "remnant" survives God's judgement in Zephaniah by humbly seeking refuge in God. The book ends in with hope and joy, as God "bursts forth in joyful divine celebration" over his people.
They will return and all the nations will rejoice over this.
Song of Songs

The ***Song of Songs*** is a book of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, and also in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is one of the *Five Megillot* (scrolls). The Song of Songs is also known as the ***Song of Solomon*** or as ***Canticle of Canticles***. It is known as *Aisma* in the Septuagint, which is short for ῏Αισμα ᾀσμάτων, *Aisma aismatôn*, "Song of Songs" in Greek.

## Author and date 
Verse 1 seems to show that the author is Solomon, since it says that it is "Solomon's Song of Songs", but this could also just mean a song *for* or *about* Solomon. So, who the author of Song of Songs was is still an often- question.

If Solomon wrote it, it was probable that it was written in around the tenth century B.C. when Solomon was king. In fact, the  of the cities of Tirzah and Jerusalem so close together (6:4) has been used to say that it was written before King Omri (885-874 B.C.), even though people still do not know exactly why Tirzah was talked about. However, many have also said that the language in the Song of Songs is  of it being written much later.

Most people think that the similarity of language, style, tone (mood), , and repeated words show that it was written by one author. But others who do not think the Song was written by one person, or even from one time or place, say that this was because all of the Song's parts came from the same literary tradition.

## References 
## Other websites
*"The Song of Solomon" by artist Tamar Messer, who is from Israel.
Book of Joel

The **Book of Joel** is part of the Jewish Tanakh, and also the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Joel describes a plague of locusts in Palestine. 

It is hard to know when the Book of Joel was written since the events told about could have happened at any point in time between 850 and 400 BC. Most modern students of the Bible believe the locusts were real insects that destroyed the crops, leaving the people hungry. Others think they are a picture of big armies that will invade the land and destroy. They can also be both things, one past, the other future.  Joel calls on the leaders and people to turn from their sins and ask God to forgive them. God promises to do that both at that time and in the future whenever similar punishments are needed.

The phrase "day of the Lord" is used by Joel to refer to a period when God will punish, but then forgive his people.
Peter, one of Jesus' followers, talked about some verses from Joel to describe what happened on the day of Pentecost when Christians believe that the Holy Spirit was given and Christians talked about Jesus in languages they had never learned.  This led to many people becoming Christians. This is found in the Book of Acts in the New Testament

## Quotes
The great army of locusts advances like darkness spreading over the mountains (2:2)
Book of Micah

The **Book of Micah** (Hebrew: ספר מיכה) is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. 
Scholars believe it was written by Micah the prophet, about 700 years before Jesus was born. Chapter 1 verse 5 says Micah was from Moresheth (a town in southern Judah). He lived during the reigns of Yehotam, Ahaz and Hezekiah, roughly 750–700 BC.

During this time, after a long period of peace, Israel, Judah, and the other nations of the region were threatened by the Neo-Assyrian empire. Micah warns that there would be a military defeat as punishment for worshiping idols and treating poor people badly by the powerful. This happened to the kingdom of Israel (Samaria) in 721 and to the kingdom of Judah (Jerusalem) about 100 years later.  The book contains three cycles of warning about punishment and promise of restoration. 

## Quotes
The book of Micah is quoted by the New Testament writer Matthew in chapter 2, verses 5 and 6 

*Bethlehem Ephrathah, you are one of the smallest towns in Judah, but out of you I will bring a ruler for Israel, whose family line goes back to ancient times. (chapter 5 verse 2, Good News version).

Jesus quotes Micah chapter 7 verse 6, to say that families will be divided by His message:

* A man’s enemies will be those of his own household. — Matthew chapter 10, verse 36

Modern preachers have often quoted Micah Chapter 6, verse 8

* He has showed you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God? (American King James Version)

## References
Book of Habakkuk

The **Book of Habakkuk** is the eighth book of the 12 minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible. It is thought to be written by the prophet Habakkuk, in the late 7th century BC. In the first part of the book Habakkuk is talking with God about why people are allowed to do evil things. God tells him that He is going to allow the army from Babylon to come and defeat the people of Israel.  This is to punish them for their sins of turning from God and treating people badly. Habakkuk then asks God why he would use the evil nation of Babylon to punish His own people. God replies that the people of Babylon will also later be punished.  In the end Habakkuk accepts God's actions as good and responds with faith. 

Several verses in the book are well known. Chapter 2, verse 4 says "the just shall live by faith".  This verse was used by  Saint Paul in two of his letters and also by the writer of the letter to the Hebrews in the New Testament to show that we are accepted by God when we have faith in Him and this leads to right living.  At the end of Chapter 3, Habakkuk states that even if all his crops and animals die and he is left poor, he will be glad in God who saves him.  This is similar to what Job said when bad things happened to him.
Aberdeen railway station

**Aberdeen railway station** is a railway station in Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. It first opened in 1867.

## Rail services 
## References
Book of Ezra

The **Book of Ezra** is a book of the Bible in the Old Testament and Hebrew Tanakh. It details the return of the Jewish people from their exile in Babylon in the second half of the sixth century BC and the struggles they had. These include having to rebuild their previously destroyed temple and people failing to obey Jewish religious commandments. 

## Ezra and Nehemiah 
The words that start Nehemiah 1:1, "The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah", shows that Ezra and Nehemiah were at first two different works. However, they were put together as one in the earliest Hebrew manuscripts. Josephus and the Jewish Talmud talk about the book of Ezra but not a different book of Nehemiah. The oldest manuscripts of the Septuagint also treat Ezra and Nehemiah as one book.

Origen (A.D. 185–253) is the first writer to treat the books as different works. He called them I Ezra and II Ezra. In translating the Latin Vulgate, Jerome called Nehemiah the second book of Esdrae (Ezra). The English translations by Wycliffe (1382) and Coverdale (1535) also called Ezra "I Esdras" and Nehemiah "II Esdras". The same separation first came out in a Hebrew manuscript in 1448.

## References
Thomas Friedman

**Thomas Lauren Friedman** (born July 20, 1953) is an American journalist.

Friedman is known for supporting a compromise resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, modernization of the Arab world, environmentalism and globalization.  Although an early supporter of the invasion of Iraq, he later became an outspoken critic of the war and the Bush administration.
Mark Bosnich

**Mark John Bosnich** (born 13 January 1972) is an Australian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. 

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Australia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bosnich goal.''

## Honours
**Aston Villa**
*Football League Cup: 1993–94, 1995–96

**Manchester United**
*Premier League: 1999–2000
*Intercontinental Cup: 1999

**Australia**
*FIFA Confederations Cup runner-up: 1997

**Individual**
*Oceania Footballer of the Year: 1997
*Oceania Goalkeeper of the Century: 1999
Railway stations of Aberdeen

**Aberdeen railway station** can mean one of the railway stations in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland — only the one now named simply Aberdeen railway station is still in existence:

## Those which have *Aberdeen* in the station name 
* Aberdeen Guild Street railway station on the Aberdeen Railway (closed)
* Aberdeen Joint railway station on Denburn Valley Line connecting the Great North of Scotland Railway and Aberdeen Railway; the present station, now referred to simply as Aberdeen railway station
* Aberdeen Waterloo railway station on the Great North of Scotland Railway (now a freight terminal only)

## Those which don't have *Aberdeen* in the station name 
* Don Street railway station on the Great North of Scotland Railway (closed)
* Holburn Street railway station on the Deeside Railway (closed)
* Hutcheon Street railway station on the Denburn Valley Line (closed)
* Kittybrewster railway stations (three stations have existed in the Kittybrewster area) on the Denburn Valley Line and the Great North of Scotland Railway (all closed)
* Schoolhill railway station on the Denburn Valley Line (closed)
Billy Wright

**William Ambrose Wright**, commonly known as **Billy Wright**, CBE (6 February 1924 – 3 September 1994), was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He spent all of his club career at Wolverhampton Wanderers.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1939–40||rowspan="14"|Wolverhampton Wanderers||rowspan="14"|First Division||0||0
|-
|1946–47||34||1
|-
|1947–48||39||5
|-
|1948–49||35||2
|-
|1949–50||35||3
|-
|1950–51||38||0
|-
|1951–52||39||0
|-
|1952–53||38||1
|-
|1953–54||39||0
|-
|1954–55||39||1
|-
|1955–56||37||0
|-
|1956–57||40||0
|-
|1957–58||38||0
|-
|1958–59||39||0
490||13
490||13
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1946||4||0
|-
|1947||8||0
|-
|1948||7||0
|-
|1949||7||2
|-
|1950||7||1
|-
|1951||6||0
|-
|1952||7||0
|-
|1953||9||0
|-
|1954||9||0
|-
|1955||8||0
|-
|1956||9||0
|-
|1957||7||0
|-
|1958||11||0
|-
|1959||6||0
|-
!Total||105||3
|}

## References
Rio Ferdinand

**Rio Gavin Ferdinand**  (born 7 November 1978) is a retired English football player. He is now a pundit for BT Sport.

On 8 November 2022, he was given a Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his service of sport and charities.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ferdinand goal.*

## Honours
**West Ham United**
*UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999

**Manchester United
*Premier League: 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13
*Football League Cup: 2005–06, 2008–09
*FA Community Shield: 2003, 2007, 2008, 2011
*UEFA Champions League: 2007–08
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2008

**Individual*'

*West Ham United Hammer of the Year: 1997–98
*PFA Premier League Team of the Year: 2001–02, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2012–13
*Premier League Player of the Month: October 2001
*FIFPro World XI: 2007–08
*London Youth Games Hall of Fame: 2010 inductee
*Premier League 20 Seasons Awards (1992–93 to 2011–12)
**Fantasy Teams of the 20 Seasons (Panel choice)
*English Football Hall of Fame: 2016 Inductee
* BAFTA Award for Best Single Documentary: 2018.
* Honorary degree of Doctor of Letters (D.Litt) from London South Bank University: 3 March 2022.
* Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the Civil Division "For services to Association Football and to Charity" in the 2022 Queen's Birthday Honours List: 1 June 2022.
* Premier League Hall of Fame: 2023

## Bibliography
## Related pages
*List of doping cases in sport

## References
Mick McCarthy

**Mick McCarthy** (born 7 February 1959) is a former Irish football player. He has played for Republic of Ireland national team. He most recently managed Blackpool F.C.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:Source:

### Managerial
## Honours
### Player
**Barnsley**
*Football League Third Division runner-up: 1980–81
*Football League Fourth Division promoted: 1978–79

**Manchester City**
*Football League Second Division promoted: 1984–85
*Full Members' Cup runner-up: 1985–86

**Celtic**
* Scottish Premier League: 1987–88
* Scottish Cup: 1987–88,

**Individual**
*PFA Team of the Year: 1977–78 Fourth Division, 1978–79 Fourth Division, 1981–82 Second Division, 1982–83 Second Division, 1984–85 Second Division
*Manchester City Player of the Year: 1983–84

### Manager
**Sunderland**
*Football League Championship: 2004–05

**Wolverhampton Wanderers**
*Football League Championship: 2008–09

**Individual**
*Philips Sports Manager of the Year: 2001
*RTÉ Sports Person of the Year: 2001
*Football League Championship Manager of the Month: March 2005, August 2008, November 2008, September 2014, November 2015, February 2021
*LMA Championship Manager of the Year: 2004–05, 2008–09
*LMA Hall of Fame: Inducted 2021

## References
Jack Charlton

**Jack Charlton** (8 May 1935 &ndash; 10 July 2020) was an English former footballer and manager. He played for England national team.

His younger brother was Bobby Charlton.

He died on 10 July 2020 in Northumberland at the age of 85. He had dementia and lymphoma.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Charlton goal.''

### As a manager
## Honours
### Player
**Leeds United**
*Football League First Division: 1968–69
*Football League Second Division: 1963–64
*FA Cup: 1971–72
*Football League Cup: 1967–68
*FA Charity Shield: 1969
*Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1967–68, 1970–71

**England**
*British Home Championship: 1964–65, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1968–69
*FIFA World Cup: 1966
*UEFA European Championship third place: 1968

**Individual**
*FWA Footballer of the Year: 1967
*English Football Hall of Fame: 2005
*PFA Team of the Century (1907–1976): 2007

### Manager
**Middlesbrough**
*Football League Second Division: 1973–74
*Anglo-Scottish Cup: 1975–76

**Sheffield Wednesday**
*Football League Third Division third-place promotion: 1979–80

**Republic of Ireland**
*Iceland Triangular Tournament: 1986

**Individual**
*English Manager of the Year winner: 1974
*Philips Sports Manager of the Year: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1993

## References
Music recording sales certification

A **music recording sales certification** is the award system that a country uses for music sales.

Almost all countries have a type of sales certification, often using RIAA certification categories (such as **gold**, **platinum** and **diamond**). The number of sales that an album needs before it gets an award is different in each country, depending on the population of the country. In some sales certifications, there may be different awards for the type of music recording sold, such as albums, singles, or videos.

 **United States**

**United Kingdom**

## References
Carsten Ramelow

**Carsten Ramelow** (born 20 March 1974) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ramelow goal.*

## Honours
**Bayer Leverkusen**
* Bundesliga runner-up: 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02
* UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2001–02
* DFB-Pokal: runner-up: 2001–02

**Germany**
* FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2002

**Individual**
* *kicker* Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1998–99

## Musical career
In 2005, Ramelow published one music album, *Sing when you're winning''. It was not distributed commercially, only being made available to his family and friends.

## References
Lens, Pas-de-Calais

**Lens** is a city in the Pas-de-Calais department of France. Today, about 36.000 people live there. The city has an important history of mining. There is also the Racing Club de Lens, a well-known French soccer team. Paris is 200&nbsp;km to the south,  Lille is 40&nbsp;km to the north, Douai is 15&nbsp;km to the east, and Arras is 20&nbsp;km to the south.

The city is very old, though no one knows exactly how old. Ruins of Ancient Roman settlements have been found.
Geysir

**Geysir** (sometimes known as **The Great Geysir**) is a geyser in Iceland. It is in the Haukadalur valley, Iceland. It is the oldest known geyser and one of the world's most impressive ones. The English word *geyser* comes from Geysir. Geysir is on the slopes of Laugarfjall hill at . The Strokkur geyser is about 400 metres south of Geysir.

Eruptions at Geysir can send boiling water up to 60 metres in the air. However, eruptions may be infrequent. In the past, they have in the past stopped altogether for years at a time.
Book of Haggai

The **Book of Haggai** is a book of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and of the Old Testament, written by the prophet Haggai. It was written in 520 BCE, some 18 years after Cyrus had taken the kingdom of Babylon and made a law in 538 BCE, so that the captive Jews could return to Judea. 

Cyrus also wanted the temple in Jerusalem to be built, so that the worship there could be begun again. Haggai told the people to begin to rebuild second Jerusalem temple. Haggai said that a recent drought was because of the people's refusal to rebuild the temple, which he sees as key to Jerusalem’s glory.  

He said that Zerubbabel, governor of Judah, was the Lord’s chosen leader. Haggai writes that three weeks after his first warning, the rebuilding of the Temple began on September 7 521 BCE. "They came and began to work on the house of the LORD Almighty, their God, on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month in the second year of Darius the King. 

This is in Chapter 1 verses 14 and 15.  The Book of Ezra says that it was finished on February 25 516 BCE "The Temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius." (Ezra Chapter 6, verse 15) After this Haggai said that God would bless the people. (Chapter 2, verse 18-19) The book ends by telling about the future downfall of other kingdoms.
Canadian Recording Industry Association

**Music Canada** (formerly **The Canadian Recording Industry Association**) is a non-profit trade organization that was founded in 1964 to represent the interests of Canadian companies that create, manufacture and market sound recordings in Canada. The organization is based in Toronto.

CRIA is governed by a board of directors who are elected annually by CRIA members.  To be eligible for election a candidate for the board must be among the chief executive officers of member companies of the organization.  Graham Henderson (Universal Music Canada) is the current president of the CRIA.

## Album certifications
The CRIA certifications for albums are:
*40,000 units: Gold
*80,000 units: Platinum
*1,000,000 units: Diamond 

Note: Multi-Platinum refers to how many times the album has reached 100,000 units sold.

## Other websites
* Canadian Recording Industry Association Website 
* London Free Press article on the decision
* Full text of the decision (PDF) 
* CBC: CRIA wants tougher internet piracy law in Canada
* CRIA Falling Apart 
* Demonoid 

## References
British Phonographic Industry

The **British Phonographic Industry** **(BPI)** is the British record industry's trade association. Its membership comprises hundreds of music companies including all four 'major' record companies (Warner Music Group, EMI, Sony BMG, and Universal Music Group), associate members such as manufacturers and distributors, and hundreds of independent music companies representing literally thousands of labels.
It has represented the interests of British record companies since being formally incorporated in 1973 when the principal aim was to fight copyright infringement.

It founded the annual BRIT Awards for the British music industry, as well as the Mercury Prize for the Album of the Year.

## Sales certificates
The British Phonographic Industry awards certificates for music releases in Britain. The level of the award varies depending on the format of the release and the number sold. BPI certificates are not automatic; the record company must pay a fee to the BPI and they carry out an audit into the release in question. Certificates are usually awarded on the basis of the number of units the release has shipped, rather than the number it has sold.

## Other websites
* British Phonographic Industry, The
* BPI Radar
Gramophone record

A **gramophone record** (or just **record**) is a type of analog storage medium. It stores recorded music (or other sounds). It was popular during most of the 20th century. Gramophone records are played on a phonograph ("record player").

A gramophone record is a flat disk that is usually made of plastic. The sound is recorded on a very fine line or groove which goes around and around in a spiral from the outside edge of the disk to the center. The phonograph plays the sound with a needle that touches the groove. A record usually has different music on each side. When made of vinyl they were also known as **vinyl records**. Most music made in the 20th century used this format.
 
Thomas Edison made early phonographs in the 1870s. He originally used tin foil to record the sound.  Soon wax cylinders were used in place of the tin foil. The cylinders could be taken off the machine and put back on without destroying the recording. Although discs were made as early as 1888, it was not until 1902 that discs became more popular than cylinder records. Discs were first made of a shellac mixture, and later of polyvinyl chloride, often abbreviated as "vinyl". Singles usually carried only one or two songs or recordings. EPs (extended play records) carried from three to five songs. Albums carried many more recordings; a dozen was normal, or from 30 to 45 minutes of playing time. These formats are still used today, with digital recordings, and playing time for singles and albums has grown considerably.

Vinyl records lost popularity but never went out of production. Now, in recent years vinyl is gaining popularity, while CD record shops have gone out of business, more and more vinyl only record shops are opening. CD and other digital formats have a much higher objective sound quality (closeness to the original) than vinyl, being identical to the original within the limits of human hearing, but many argue the higher subjective (heard by the ear) sound quality of vinyl compared to newer formats. This higher subjective quality comes from changes to the sound caused by the record cutting and pressing process. This sound is very subjective, and not everyone prefers the sound of vinyl over CD.

## References
Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks

**Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks** (originally called **Mainstream Rock Tracks**) is a ranking in *Billboard* of the most-played songs on mainstream rock radio stations, a category that includes stations that play primarily rock music but are not modern rock (that is, "alternative") stations, which are counted in the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart.
1959–60 NHL season

The **1959–60 NHL season** was the 43rd season of the National Hockey League. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup winners as they defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to none for their fifth straight Stanley Cup.

## Regular season 
### Final standings
### Scoring leaders
*Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points*

### Leading goaltenders
*Note: GP = Games played; MIN = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shut outs; AVG = Goals against average*

## Stanley Cup playoffs 
*All dates in 1960*
### Playoff bracket
### Semifinals 
**Chicago Black Hawks vs. Montreal Canadiens**

*Montreal wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 0*

**Detroit Red Wings vs. Toronto Maple Leafs**

*Toronto wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 2*

### Finals 
**Toronto Maple Leafs vs. Montreal Canadiens**

*Montreal wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 0*

### Playoff leading scorers
*Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points*

## NHL awards
### All-Star teams
## References
*Hockey Database
*NHL.com
Tritheism

**Tritheism** is the belief that there are three distinct, powerful gods, who form a triad. Generally three gods are believed to have separate powers and separate supreme beings or spheres of influence but working together. In this respect tritheism differs from dualism, which typically envisages two opposed Divine powers in conflict with one another.

There is no group that claims to believe in or teach tritheism. The term is solely used as an accusation against others, somewhat similar to the usage of the word *cult*, in accusing a group of holding an alternate or distorted view of the Christian doctrine of Trinity. The main branches consider tritheism heretical.

## References
Book of Lamentations

The **Book of Lamentations** (*Eikha*, ʾēḫā(h)) is a book of the Bible Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh. It is traditionally read by the Jewish people on Tisha B'Av, the fast day that commemorates the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.

 In Western Christianity, readings and songs from the book are used in the Lenten religious service known as Tenebrae (Latin for darkness). In the Church of England, readings are used at Morning and Evening Prayer on the Monday and Tuesday of Holy Week, and at Evening Prayer on Good Friday.

In the Coptic Orthodox Church, the book's third chapter is chanted on the twelfth hour of the Good Friday service, that commemorates the burial of Jesus.

The book has been thought to be the work of Jeremiah by Jews from 200 B.C. and by Christians from 400 A.D.  The book itself does not tell who wrote it, so the author is uncertain.  It is a series of sad poems about the destruction of Jerusalem. 

Beginning with the reality of disaster, Lamentations ends with the thought that God may have finally rejected Israel (chapter 5:22). The poet says that this suffering is a just punishment, still God is held to have had choice over whether to act in this way and at this time. Hope arises from remembering God's past goodness. The poem says that the mercies of Yahweh (the God of Israel) never end, but are new every morning (3:22–33).

The book was written in Hebrew.  That language has 22 letters in its alphabet. Each of the verses in chapters 1, 2 and 4 start with the next letter of the alphabet.  In Chapter 3 groups of 3 verses also start with the same letters.  That is why chapters 1,2 and 4 have 22 verses and chapter 3 has 66 verses.  Chapter 5 also has 22 verses, but does not follow the method of using a different letter for each verse. This type of structure is called an acrostic and may have been used as an aid to memory.
Book of Jeremiah

The **Book of Jeremiah**, or **Jeremiah** (, Yirməyāhū), is part of the Hebrew Bible, Judaism's Tanakh, and later became a part of Christianity's Old Testament.

 Jeremiah Chapter 1, verses 1 to 3 says that the book is "the words of Jeremiah son of Hilkiah". Jeremiah is seen clearly as a real person, talking to his scribe Baruch about his role as a servant of God who had bad news for the people. His book is a message to the Jews in exile in Babylon, saying that the disaster of exile is God's response to Israel's pagan worship.  The people, says Jeremiah, are like an untrue wife and children who act badly.  This made God punish them, but He will also welcome them back if they change their ways.

Jeremiah began began his work in the thirteenth year of king Josiah (about 627 BC) and finished in the eleventh year of king Zedekiah (586 BC), when Jerusalem went into exile. During this period, Josiah reformed their religion, Babylon destroyed Assyria and Egypt briefly made Judah their subject. Then Babylon defeated Egypt and made Judah their subject (605 BC). Judah revolted several times and after the final time, Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and its Temple and took away its king and many of the leading people in 586 BC.

Besides his written warnings, Jeremiah did some strange things to call attention to his message:

    Jeremiah 13:1–11: He wore a linen waistband, buried it and later got it again.
    Jeremiah 16:1–9: He didn't get married or go to funerals or happy events. 
    Jeremiah 19:1–13: He bought a clay jug and then broke it in front of the religious leaders of Jerusalem.
    Jeremiah 27–28: He wore an ox yoke which was later broken.
    Jeremiah 32:6–15: He bought a field for seventeen silver coins.
    Jeremiah 35:1–19: He gave wine to the Rechabites, a tribe who lived in tents and didn't drink wine.

Jeremiah's name is found in the Chronicles and the Book of Ezra, both written after the exile. He said that the exile would last 70 years. This was mentioned in the Book of Daniel.  

Christians believe that Jesus was a suffering prophet and that this was like what happened to Jeremiah in chapters 37–44, as well as to the suffering servant described in the book of Isaiah Chapter 53.
Gray's Anatomy

'''''Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body'''* (or *Gray's Anatomy*) is an English-language human anatomy textbook. It was first called *'''Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical'''* in the United Kingdom in 1858, and in the United States in 1859. It was written for medical students by Henry Grey and illustrated by  Henry Vandyke Carter in 1855 and published in 1858.

## Related pages 
**Gray's Anatomy for Students*

## Other websites 
* *Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and Surgery*, 39th edition (2004), 1600 pages, Churchill-Livingstone,  – the U.K version.
* *Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice*, 39th edition (2004), 1627 pages, C.V. Mosby,  – the U.S. version.
* Online version of *Gray's Anatomy'' from Yahoo
Gray's Anatomy for Students

'''Gray's Anatomy for Students''' is an anatomy textbook following the same idea as the famous Gray's Anatomy for medical students. The book is famous for its detailed drawings and style.

The first edition was published in 2004.
Killing Joke

**Killing Joke** are an industrial rock band from England. They have been called a key influence on the industrial rock genre.

## Studio albums 
* Killing Joke (1980)
* What's THIS For...! (1981)
* Revelations (1982)
* Fire Dances (1983)
* Night Time (1985)
* Brighter than a Thousand Suns (1986)
* Outside the Gate (1988)
* Extremities, Dirt and Various Repressed Emotions (1990)
* Pandemonium (1994)
* Democracy (1996)
* Killing Joke (2003)
* Hosannas from the Basements of Hell (2006)
* Absolute Dissent (2010)
* MMXII (2012)
* Pylon (2015)

## References
Washington Mutual

**Washington Mutual** (abbreviated to **WaMu**) () was the United States' largest savings and loan association. Despite its name, it ceased being a mutual company in 1983 when it began to be publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

On September 25, 2008, the 119th anniversary of WaMu's founding, the United States Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) announced that it was seizing the bank and would sell most of its functional assets to JPMorgan Chase. WaMu's collapse is the largest U.S. bank failure in history.  At the time of the collapse, it was the sixth-largest bank in the United States. According to Washington Mutual's 2007 SEC filing, it held assets valued at $327.9/Billion Dollars.

## References
Book of Daniel

The **Book of Daniel (דניאל)**, originally written in Hebrew and Aramaic, is a book in both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the Christian Old Testament. 

## Writer 
The book says that Daniel is its writer in several places, such as 9:2 and 10:2. Jesus warned his disciples about coming events when he talked about " 'the abomination that causes desolation', spoken of through the prophet Daniel". 

The book was probably completed shortly after Cyrus captured Babylon in 539 BCE.

## Contents
The Book of Daniel has two main parts.   

### Chapters 1-6 
Chapters 1-6 tell stories about Daniel and his three friends who were taken from the land of Israel to Babylon.  They were told to stop worshiping their God and instead to follow the gods of Babylon or the king.  When they would not obey, God saved them by doing miracles.  

In one of the best-known of these stories, three of Daniel's friends are put in a hot furnace, but are unharmed when a fourth man appears to help them. Another story is about Daniel being put into a den of lions because he would not stop praying to his God, but the hungry lions did not eat him.  Daniel said that God had "shut the mouth of the lions". 

We get the English saying, "He saw the handwriting on the wall" from another story in Chapter 5. In this story, the king was having a party and a hand appeared and wrote some strange words on the wall.  Daniel was able to tell the king that this meant he was about to be killed and another king would take his place. We use this phrase "handwriting on the wall" to mean that someone sees that something bad is about to happen or something good is about to end.

### Chapters 7-12 
The second part of the Book of Daniel (Chapters 7-12) tell about dreams and visions that Daniel had that told about world history and also about things that would happen in the future.  The main point of these visions was that God would win out over all of the kingdoms of the world. Many things that Daniel saw are later mentioned in the New Testament Book of Revelation.

In Chapter 9 Daniel tells of 70 weeks in the future. Bible scholars believe that each week represents 7 years and so it refers to 490 years (70 times 7 years).  Daniel says that after that time, the Messiah would be "cut off". Christians think this may refer to the time Jesus was killed. Understanding the detailed meaning of the 70 weeks prophesy has puzzled many Bible scholars and there are many opinions.

## References
Book of Ezekiel

The **Book of Ezekiel**, Hebrew: ספר יחזקאל , is a book of the Hebrew Bible and of the Old Testament. It is named after the prophet Ezekiel.

 It belongs to the Nevi'im (*Prophets*) and consists of 48 chapters.

The book begins with a vision of beings with 4 heads surrounded by rings adorned with eyes. Then, God appears to Ezekiel and instructed him to warn the Israelites who at the time, were religiously rebellious.  Another well known dream that the prophet saw was a valley full of dry bones that came to life when the prophet spoke to them. This was to show that God would bring life back to the people who were being punished by being taken captive by Babylon.

The prophet did some strange things to warn the people that they were going to be punished for a time because they had not been faithful to God as he had told them to.

It deals among others with the revival of the Jewish people and the Land of Israel (chapters 36-37), with the war of Gog and Magog against Israel (chapters 38-39), the new Jewish temple (chapters 40-47), and the determination of the boundaries of the land and also the division of the land among the tribes of Israel (chapters 47-48).

## References
Charles Curtis

**Charles Curtis** (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) was an American politician. He was the 31st vice president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 under President Herbert Hoover. Before becoming vice president, he had been a senator and a representative from Kansas.

Curtis, the only Native American vice president in American history, was a member of the Kaw Nation. Curtis was the first vice president of color, the other being Vice President Kamala Harris. Curtis called himself "one-eighth Kaw Indian and a one-hundred percent Republican." In 1900, Kaw Chief Washungah called Curtis "one of our own men."

Curtis grew up in Kansas and spoke the Kaw language. While he was in government, Curtis did some good things for Native Americans, but also some bad things. In 1898, he sponsored the Curtis Act of 1898, which took power away from tribal leaders.

## References
William A. Wheeler

**William Almon Wheeler** (June 30, 1819 – June 4, 1887) was a U.S. representative from New York and the 19th vice president of the United States.
Schuyler Colfax

**Schuyler (pronounced "Sky-ler") Colfax, Jr.** (March 23, 1823 – January 13, 1885) was a U.S. representative from Indiana, the 29th Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the 17th vice president of the United States.

## Legacy 
The towns of Colfax, California; Colfax, Washington; and Colfax, Louisiana, are named for Schuyler Colfax. The "Jewel of the Midwest," Schuyler, Nebraska was named after Colfax is the county seat of Colfax County, Nebraska. The ghost town of Colfax, Colorado was named after him, as is Colfax County, New Mexico.

In addition, the "main street" passing through Aurora, Denver, and Lakewood in Colorado and is next to the Colorado State Capitol is called Colfax Avenue after the politician. Schuyler-Colfax Middle School, in Wayne, New Jersey, is also named after him.
Henry Wilson

**Henry Wilson** (February 16, 1812 – November 22, 1875) was a U.S. senator from Massachusetts and the 18th vice president of the United States.
Alben W. Barkley

**Alben William Barkley** (November 24, 1877 – April 30, 1956) was an American politician who was the 35th vice president of the United States under President Harry Truman.

He lived in Paducah, Kentucky, and became a member of the House of Representatives and the Senate, where he became the Mjority Leader of the Senate. from Paducah, Kentucky.

He then became the oldest vice president at the age of . He ran for president in 1952, but the Democrat Party nominated Adlai Stevenson II instead. His age and opposition from labor union leaders caused his defeat.

He died in Lexington, Kentucky, from a heart attack at the age of 78.
Levi P. Morton

**Levi Parsons Morton** (May 16, 1824 – May 16, 1920) was a U.S. representative from New York and the 22nd vice president of the United States. He also later served as the 31st governor of New York.

Morton died on his 96th birthday at his home in Rhinebeck, New York, on May 16, 1920 from bronchopneumonia. He was the longest-lived vice president until 1964, when he was surpassed by John Nance Garner.

## References
Garret Hobart

**Garret Augustus Hobart** (June 3, 1844 – November 21, 1899) was the 24th vice president of the United States from 1897 to his death. He was the sixth vice president to die in office. Before becoming vice president, Hobart was a well-known New Jersey businessman and politicial operative.
Big Show

**Paul Donald Wight** (born February 8, 1972) is an American professional wrestler and actor. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under his real name. He is best known for his time in the World Wrestling Federation/WWE under the ring name, **The Big Show**.

He is also known for his career in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), where he wrestled as The Giant from June 1995 to December 1998. He is the first man in the history of wrestling to win the WWE Championship, WCW World Heavyweight Championship and the ECW World Championship, even though his ECW Title win was after the company became a WWE property. Kane is the second wrestler.

## Championships 
* **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
** Rookie of the Year (1996)
** Wrestler of the Year (1996)
** He was ranked #**2** of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the year in the PWI 500 in 1996.
**He was ranked #**137** of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the *PWI Years* in 2003
* **World Championship Wrestling**
** WCW World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
** WCW World Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Lex Luger (1), Sting (1), and Scott Hall (1))
** King of Cable (1996)
** World War 3 (1996)
* **World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE**
** WWF/E Championship (2 times)
** ECW World Championship (1 time)
** World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
** World Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with The Undertaker (2), Kane (1), Chris Jericho (1) and The Miz (1)
** WWE Intercontinental Championship (1 time)
** WWE Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Chris Jericho (1), The Miz (1) and Kane (1))
** WWE United States Championship (1 time)
** WWF Hardcore Championship (3 times)
** 24th Triple Crown Champion
** 12th Grand Slam Champion
** Bragging Rights Trophy (2010) (as a member of Team SmackDown (with Rey Mysterio, Alberto Del Rio, Jack Swagger, Edge, Tyler Reks, and Kofi Kingston))
** Slammy Award for Tag Team of the Year (2009) (with Chris Jericho)
** Slammy Award for Holy $#!+ Move of the Year (2011) (with Mark Henry)
** Slammy Award for Betrayal of the Year (2012) (Knocking out John Cena at Over the Limit)
** Slammy Award for "This is Awesome" Moment of the Year (2013) (Knocking out Triple H on *Raw*)
** Slammy Award for Match of the Year (2014) (Team Cena vs. Team Authority at Survivor Series)
* **Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards**
** Rookie of the Year (1996)
** Worst Feud of the Year (1999) (vs. The Big Boss Man)
** Worst Feud of the Year (2013) (vs. The Authority)
** Worst Wrestler (2001, 2002)
** Most Embarrassing Wrestler (2002)

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Thomas R. Marshall

]]

**Thomas Riley Marshall** (March 14, 1854 – June 1, 1925) was an American politician.

He served as governor of Indiana from 1909 to 1913. During his time in office, he presided over various reforms, such as a bill aimed at regulating housing conditions in the state’s two largest cities and measures aimed at improving public health and working conditions.

Marshall became increasingly conservative towards the end of his life, as is shownby his opposition to minimum wages and limits to working hours.

He was also the 28th vice president of the United States. He served under President Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1921.

## References
Charles G. Dawes

**Charles Gates Dawes** (August 27, 1865 – April 23, 1951) was an American banker and politician who was the 30th vice president of the United States from 1923 to 1929.

He served in World War I, was U.S. Comptroller of the Currency, and the first director of the Bureau of the Budget. Iin later life, he was the U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom.

For his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations, he was a co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rainulf Drengot

**Rainulf Drengot** (dead in 1045) was a Norman adventurer. 

In 1016, Rainulf went in the South Italy where he was a mercenary. In 1030, Drengot was the first count of Aversa (near Naples) and was married to the duke of Naples’s daughter. 

## Sources 
* Amatus of Montecassino, *History of the Normans* 
* William of Apulia, *The Deeds of Robert Guiscard* Books One , Two , Three, Four, Five (Word Documents). 
* Ferdinand Chalandon, *Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile*, Paris, 1907. 
* John Julius Norwich, *The Normans in the South (1016-1130)*, Longmans : London, 1967. 

## Other websited 
* "Sicily/Naples, Nobility (Conti d'Aversa)" 
* Norman World : The first Norman rulers
Gregg Gillis

**Gregg Gillis**, better known by his stage name **Girl Talk**, is an American musian who remixes music. Gillis, who lives in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has released four LPs on Illegal Art and EPs on 333 and 12 Apostles record labels. He began making music while studying Biomedical Engineering at Case Western Reserve University.  He specializes in mash-up style remixes, in which he uses often a dozen or more unauthorized samples from different songs to create a new song; *The New York Times Magazine* has called his music "a lawsuit waiting to happen."

## Awards
In 2007, Gillis was the winner of Wired Magazine's Rave Award.

## Discography 
### Albums
* *Secret Diary* CD (2002, Illegal Art)
* *Unstoppable* CD (2004, Illegal Art)
* *Night Ripper* CD (2006, Illegal Art)
* *Feed the Animals* CD (2008, Illegal Art)

### EPs
* *Stop Cleveland Hate* 12" (2004, 12 apostles)
* ''Bone Hard Zaggin''' 7" (2006, 333 recordings)

## References
Charles W. Fairbanks

**Charles Warren Fairbanks** (May 11, 1852 – June 4, 1918) was an American politician. He was a U.S. senator from Indiana, serving from 1897 to 1905, and the 26th vice president of the United States from 1905 to 1909. He also was the vice presidential nominee in the 1916 presidential election for the Republican Party.  

Fairbanks was born in Unionville Center, Ohio, on May 11 1852. After he graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University, he moved to Indianapolis, Indiana. He became an attorney and worked as a railroad financier. In 1897, he was elected to the U.S. Senate. During his time there, he assisted President William McKinley and was also part of a commission to fix a disagreement on the Alaska boundary. 

In 1904, Fairbanks was chosen to be the running mate for President Theodore Roosevelt. In 1908, he tried to become the Republican Party's presidential nominee for the Republican Party, but he was not chosen. In 1912, he supported William Howard Taft for president. He again tried to become the nominee for president in 1916 but lost to Charles Evan Hughes. He ended up as Hughes's vice presidential nominee for the election, but their ticket lost to the Democratic Party's ticket of President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall. Fairbanks died of nephritis in Indianapolis at age 66