open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Logan Medal of the Arts

:*See also the Logan Medal of the Geological Association of Canada.
 
The **Logan Medal of the Arts** was an arts prize started in 1907. Art Institute of Chicago helped to award the prize.  From 1917 through 1940, 270 awards were given.  

The Medal was named for arts patron Frank Granger Logan. Logan founded the brokerage house of Logan & Bryan. He served over 50 years on the board of the Institute.  He and his wife, Josephine Hancock Logan, administered the award consistent with their support of the Society for Sanity in Art. They founded that Society in 1936. Josephine Logan also wrote a book in 1937 called *Sanity in Art*.  The Logans strongly opposed all forms of modern art, including cubism, surrealism, and abstract expressionism.

## Winners 
:*This is an incomplete list, please help us by updating it.*
* 1907: Albin Polasek (first winner)
* 1918: Walter Ufer
* 1921: Frank V. Dudley
* 1921: Cecilia Beaux
* 1924: Eugene F. Savage
* 1925: Albin Polasek
* 1925: Archibald J. Motley
* 1926: Charles Hopkinson
* 1926: Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt
* 1929: David Smith
* 1930: Davenport Griffen
* 1931: Morris Kantof
* 1930: Theodore Roszak
* 1933: Santiago Martínez Delgado
* 1935: Doris Lee
* 1938: Norman MacLeish 
* 1939: Gladys Curtis Simpson
* 1940: Lawrence Adams 
* 1942: Abbott Lawrence Pattison
* 1954: Naum Gabo
* 1959: Richard Talaber
* 1963: Isamu Noguchi
* 1964: James Rosati
* 1966: Al Held

*George Bellows
*Gutzon Borglum
*James Brooks
*Frank Tolles Chamberlin
*Howard Norton Cook
*Frederic Milton Grant
*Emil Holzhauer
*Edward Hopper
*Rudolph Ingerle
*Terrence Karpowicz
*Willem de Kooning
*Charles Wheeler Locke
*Conrad Marca-Relli
*Suzanne Martyl
*Frank Moore
*Louis Conrad Rosenberg
*Carl E. Schwartz
*Hannah Small
*Heinz Warneke
*Marguerite Zorach
*William Zorach

## References
## Further reading
* Rudolph Ingerle (1879-1950): *Paintings of the Ozarks, the Great Smoky Mountains and the 1933 Century of progress Exposition* (Chicago: Aaron Galleries, 2000)

## Other websites
* "Sanity & Mrs. Logan". *Time Magazine'' (March 22, 1937).   Retrieved January 31, 2008
Wade Belak

**Wade Belak** (July 3, 1976 – August 31, 2011) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player that played a career total of 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques with the 12th overall pick in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. Belak retired from the NHL on March 8, 2011 and remained with the Predators in an organizational role. 

On August 31, 2011, He was found dead in his condo at the One King Street West hotel in Toronto. His death was later treated as a suicide by Toronto police. Before his death he was preparing to take part in the upcoming season of Battle of the Blades. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Belak had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## References
## Other websites
*
Foster the People

**Foster the People** is an American pop rock band from Los Angeles, California. Foster the People have two members: Mark Foster and Isom Innis Their best known song is "Pumped Up Kicks" which was released on September 14, 2010 and reached #1 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart, #3 on the Rock Songs tally and #3 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Discography 
So far as of 2014, Foster the People has released 2 Studio albums and 1 EP: In March 2014 the group Debuted their second album Supermodel (Foster the People Album)

### Albums
**Torches* (2011)
**Supermodel* (2014)
**Sacred Hearts Club* (2017)
**Paradise State of Mind* (2024)

### EPs
**Foster the People* (2011)
**Spotify Sessions* (2014)
**III* (2017)
**Pick U Up* (2019)

## Other websites 
*Official website
Joseph-Louis Lagrange

**Joseph-Louis Lagrange** (born Giuseppe Lodovico [Luigi] Lagrangia, Turin, Piedmont, 25 January 1736 – Paris, 10 April 1813) was a mathematician and astronomer. According to one authority, he was "the greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century".

## Life 
Lagrange's parents were Italian, although he also had French ancestors on his father's side. In 1787, at age 51, he moved from Berlin to France and became a member of the French Academy, and he remained in France until the end of his life. Therefore, Lagrange is alternatively considered a French and an Italian scientist. 

Lagrange survived the French Revolution and became the first professor of analysis at the École Polytechnique upon its opening in 1794. Napoleon appointed Lagrange to the Legion of Honour and made him a Count of the Empire in 1808. Lagrange is buried in the Panthéon and his name appears as one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.

## Related pages 
*Lagrange point
*Lagrange's theorem (group theory)

## References
The Rescuers

***The Rescuers*** is a 1977 American animated comedy-drama adventure movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was released to movie theaters on June 22, 1977, by Buena Vista Distribution. *The Rescuers* was re-issued to theaters on December 16, 1983 (double bill with ''Mickey's Christmas Carol'') and March 17, 1989, It is the 23rd Disney animated movie. The movie is about the Rescue Aid Society, an international mouse organization in New York City and shadowing the United Nations. They are dedicated to helping abducted victims around the world at large. Two of these mice, shy janitor Bernard (Bob Newhart) and his co-agent, the elegant Hungarian representative Miss Bianca (Eva Gabor), set out to rescue Penny (Michelle Stacy), an orphan girl who is being held prisoner in an uncharted island called Devil's Bayou by treasure huntress Madame Medusa (Geraldine Page).

The movie is based on a series of books by Margery Sharp, mainly *The Rescuers* and *Miss Bianca*. The movie was very successful. Later, Disney released a sequel called *The Rescuers Down Under* in 1990. This made this movie the first Disney animated movie to have a sequel.

## Cast 
* Bob Newhart as Bernard
* Eva Gabor as Miss Bianca
* Geraldine Page as Madame Medusa
* Michelle Stacy as Penny
* Joe Flynn as Mr. Snoops
* Jim Jordan as Orville
* John McIntire as Rufus
* Jeanette Nolan as Ellie Mae
* Pat Buttram as Luke
* James MacDonald as Evinrude
* Bernard Fox as Mr. Chairman
* George Lindsey as Deadeye
* Larry Clemmons as Gramps
* Dub Taylor as Digger
* John Fiedler as Deacon Owl
* Shelby Flint as Singer, Bottle
* Bill McMillian as T.V. Announcer

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*  (Dead link)
* 
* 
*
Homeless World Cup

The **Homeless World Cup** is an football competition for homeless people all over the world. Starting in 2003 in Graz, Austria, the competition brings together homeless people with the aim to end homelessness.

## Rules
Anyone can play, male or female, as long as they are at least 16 years old. They must also have been homeless at some point after the previous year's World Cup, work as a street newspaper seller to earn money or be asylum seekers.

A team of 4 players play, with 3 outfield players and 1 goalkeeper. 4 substitution players are allowed. 

A team gets 3 points for a win. If a match ends in a draw, it is decided by penalty shootout and the winning team gets three points and the losing team gets one point. Games are 14 minutes long, in two seven-minute halves. The field is 22m (long) x 16m (wide).

## History
Since 2003 the competition has taken place in:

* Graz, Austria - 2003 
* Gothenburg, Sweden - 2004
* Edinburgh, Scotland - 2005 
* Cape Town, South Africa - 2006
* Copenhagen, Denmark - 2007
* Melbourne, Australia - 2008
* Milan, Italy - 2009
* Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 2010
* Paris, France - 2011
* Mexico City, Mexico - 2012
* Poznań, Poland - 2013
* Santiago, Chile - 2014
* Amsterdam, Netherlands - 2015
* Glasgow, Scotland - 2016
*Oslo, Norway - 2017
*Mexico City, Mexico - 2018
*Cardiff, Wales - 2019

## *Kicking It* documentary
The 2006 Homeless World Cup was the filmed as part of a documentary called *Kicking It*. directed by Susan Koch and Jeff Werner focusing on the experiences of seven homeless people at the Homeless World Cup football (soccer) game. Residents of Afghanistan; Kenya; Dublin, Ireland; Charlotte, North Carolina; Madrid, Spain and St. Petersburg in Russia were in the documentary which was narrated by actor Colin Farrell. The movie was released in January, 2008 at the Sundance Film Festival and is being distributed by Liberation Entertainment, Netflix and ESPN.
## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers

***Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers*** (CAPIF) is a group that  the music industry in Argentina.

## Sales certification 
*Singles*:
* Gold: 50,000
* Platinum: 100,000

*Long plays & cassettes (albums)*:
* Gold: 30,000
* Platinum: 60,000
* Diamond: 500,000

*Compilation albums:*
* Gold: 100,000
* Platinum: 200,000

The criteria for certification were changed as of January 1, 2001. CAPIF certification criteria for albums since that date are:

* Gold: 20,000 units
* Platinum: 40,000 units
* Diamond: 250,000 units

Non-album formats:
CNDO/2

**CNDO** is the short cut for **Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap**. It is both 1) a  for learning key facts about molecular orbitals as well as 2) the name of a particular set of computer programs. CNDO is based on quantum chemistry. It is one of the first semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods. It uses two approximations:
*core approximation - only the outer valence electrons are explicitly included.
*zero-differential overlap

CNDO builds a mathematical model of a molecule. CNDO starts with the position of the positively charged nuclei of the atoms and the negatively charged electron clouds surrounding them.  Quantum chemistry tells the model the probability distribution of electron locations based on atomic orbitals.  From this information, CNDO computes data about the resulting molecular orbitals.

CNDO/2 is the main version of CNDO. John Pople and coworkers first wrote CNDO/2.

## References
## Other websites
*CNDO/2 Calculation (Pirika)
*Molecular Modeling for Educators 
*Density Functional Modelling of Point Defects in Semiconductors
AMPROFON

***Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas*** (AMPROFON) is a group that  the music industry in Mexico.

## Sales certificates
## References
Selena ¡VIVE!

***Selena ¡VIVE!*** was a tribute concert that was held on April 7, 2005. It was held a week after the 10th anniversary of Selena's death. Over 65,000 fans attended the concert, which featured high-profile artists.

*Selena ¡VIVE!* is the highest-rated and most-viewed Spanish-language show in American television history. The show, which lasted over three hours, scored a 35.9 Nielsen household rating.

## References
You and I

"**You and I**" is a song by American pop singer Lady Gaga from her third album *Born This Way*. it was released as the fourth single from the album on August 23, 2011.  Gaga wrote the song herself and produced it with R.J. "Mutt" Lange, who is known for his 14-year marriage to Canadian country pop singer Shania Twain and was Twain's writing partner and producer.

The song reached the top ten in the US and Canada.  The Recording Industry Association of America certified the song triple-Platinum on February 29, 2016, for sales and shipments of three million copies across the United States.

## Music videoS 
Gaga is seen on a farm in Nebraska and is dressed in various outfits: in one point, she is wearing a straitjacket, and another time, she is dressed as a mermaid.  Actor Taylor Kinney plays Gaga's love interest in the video.  Kinney and Gaga dated for nearly five years after making the music video.

## References
Kalam

**Kalām** (, literally "speech" or "words") is the Islamic discipline of seeking theological knowledge through dialectic (debate and argument). It also promotes prudence and logical reasoning. A practitioner of kalām is called a *mutakallim* (plural *mutakallimiin*).

## Related pages 
* Islamic theology

## References
Ohio Senate

The **Ohio State Senate** is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly. There are 33 State Senators. The state legislature meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, Ohio.  The President of the Senate presides over the body when in session. He is currently Matt Huffman. The Senate is currently controlled by the Republican Party.

Senators serve four year terms. The terms of the Senators are staggered so that about half the membership is elected every two years. The Senators representing the even-numbered districts are elected in years evenly divisible by four. The Senators from the odd-numbered districts are elected in even-numbered years not divisible by four. Senators are limited to two terms.

Each Senator represents approximately 330,000 Ohioans. Each Senate District covers three Ohio House districts.

## Composition 
:*134th General Assembly (2021-2022)*

### Leadership
**Other Officers**

**Clerk:** According to the Rules of the Senate, the Clerk is elected by the members of the Senate and is tasked with maintaining records of all Senate bills and resolutions. The Clerk is also responsible for handling all documents received from other government departments. 

### Members of the 133rd Senate
## References
## Other websites
*Ohio Senate **official website**
*Project Vote Smart - State Senate of Ohio 
*Map of Ohio Senate districts 
*2006 Election Results from Ohio Secretary of State 
*2004 Election Results from Ohio Secretary of State 
*Reclaim Ohio - A Detailed Site About Ohio State House / Senate Election Results
Founding Fathers of the United States

's painting, *Declaration of Independence*, depicting the five-man committee who wrote the Declaration of Independence presenting their work to the Congress.]]
The **Founding Fathers** refers to certain men who lived during the American Revolutionary War era. These men signed the Declaration of Independence, helped write the Constitution of the United States, or helped win the American Revolutionary War.  Many of these men were members of the Continental Congress at some point. The term "Founding Fathers" was first used for these people in 1916.

There were many people who were Founding Fathers.  Some scholars like to limit them to a small number, such as seven: George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison.

Most of the Founding Fathers were large landowners or rich merchants. Most of them owned slaves. After the Constitution, many of the Founding Fathers became leaders in the federal government. Five of them, Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and James Monroe, were later elected president of the United States. 

## List of Founding Fathers
### Other delegates
The 55 delegates who attended the Constitutional Convention are referred to as framers. Of these, the 16 listed below did not sign the document. Three refused, while the remainder left early, either in protest of the proceedings or for personal reasons. Nevertheless, some sources regard all framers as founders, including those who did not sign:

* William Richardson Davie, North Carolina
* Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut
* Elbridge Gerry, Massachusetts *
* William Houston, New Jersey
* William Houstoun, Georgia
* John Lansing Jr., New York
* Alexander Martin, North Carolina
* Luther Martin, Maryland
* George Mason, Virginia *
* James McClurg, Virginia
* John Francis Mercer, Maryland
* William Pierce, Georgia
* Edmund Randolph, Virginia *
* Caleb Strong, Massachusetts
* George Wythe, Virginia
* Robert Yates, New York
(*) Randolph, Mason, and Gerry were the only three present at the Constitution's adoption who refused to sign.

## References
Tremors (movie)

***Tremors*** is an American science fiction comedy horror movie. It is set in Nevada and is directed by Ron Underwood. The screenplay was written by S.S. Wilson and Brent Maddock.

## Plot
Valentine and Earl want to go to Bixby, Nevada and they leave the Perfection Valley. A subterranean animal kills five people. The Perfection Valley is in danger.

## Cast
* Kevin Bacon: Valentine McKee
* Fred Ward: Earl Bassett
* Michael Gross: Burt Gummer
* Reba McEntire: Heather Gummer

## Other websites 
*
Snare drum

The **snare drum** or **side drum** is a percussion instrument. It has strands of *snares* made of curled metal wire, metal cable, plastic cable, or gut cords. They are stretched across the skin on the bottom of the drum. Pipe and tabor and some military snare drums can have a second set of snares on the bottom side of the top head. This is used to make a "brighter" sound. The snare drum is considered one of the most important drums of the drum kit.

The snare drum can make some special sounds:
*A rimshot: When the drum is hit in a way that makes the side of the stick touch the rim. This makes it louder.
*A cross-stick: The stick is laid down on the drum with its tip touching the head and the bottom end being used to hit the other side of the rim. This makes a loud "click" sound.

## Sources
* Beck, John (1995). *Encyclopedia of percussion instruments*. New York: Garland Publishing. . Google Books preview. Accessed 8 September 2009.

## Other websites
* Marching Snare Drum Heads - Description of types of marching snare drum heads.
* Royal Schools Sources Percussion Page  Sources for the prescribed music for the Royal Schools of Music practical exams
* Field Drums Blog Photos, information, critical commentary and analysis of field drums, focusing on drums of the American Civil War
* Snare Drums Online  Snare Drum reviews, Guides to choosing a snare drum, and buying guides
* How to Build a Snare Drum DRUM! Magazine shows the step-by-step process of building a snare drum.
Urtica dioica

***Urtica dioica***, often known as **common nettle**, **burn nettle**, **stinging nettle** or **nettle leaf**, are a type of plant which have stinging defensive hairs on the leaves and stems. Stinging nettles can be found in America, Europe and Asia. 

## Sting mechanism
The hairs inject histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation when contacted by humans and other animals. Soaking stinging nettles in water or cooking removes the stinging chemicals from the plant, which allows them to be handled and eaten without injury. 

## Usage
The plant has been used as medicine, food, tea and fibre. Nettles are sometimes used in cheesemaking, as nettle soup or as substitute for spinach. Its stems contain a bast fibre that is used for the same purposes as linen. Nettles have been used to make clothing for 2,000 years.

## Ecology
Stinging nettles are important food plants for several butterflies, like the peacock butterfly and the small tortoiseshell. Also some deers and other animals eat the plant, preferred the leaf shot.

## References
Mass spectrum

A **mass spectrum** is an intensity versus *m/z* (mass-to-charge ratio)  that represents a chemical analysis. The mass spectrum of a sample is a pattern representing the distribution of ions by mass (more correctly: mass-to-charge ratio) in a sample. It is a histogram usually made using an instrument called a mass spectrometer. Not all mass spectra of a given substance are the same. It can depend on the operating conditions of the instrument. For example, some mass spectrometers break the analyte molecules into many pieces; others observe the  molecular masses with little fragmentation. A mass spectrum can represent many different types of information based on the type of mass spectrometer and the specific experiment; however, all s of intensity vs. mass-to-charge are called "mass spectra".

Common fragmentation processes for organic molecules are the McLafferty rearrangement and alpha cleavage.

In the past, chemists with PhD degrees were needed to  mass spectra. Today, computer programs read the data and identify the compounds in a sample.

## References
## Other websites
* Interactive tutorial on mass spectra  National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
* Weighing Atoms: A layperson's introduction to mass spectrometry  National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
* What's in an Oil Drop: A layperson's introduction to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance   National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
* Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (IUPAC green book)
* An introductory video on Mass Spectrometry The Royal Society of Chemistry
Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)

"**Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)**" is a single by Lady Gaga.  It appeared on Gaga's debut album *The Fame* and was released as a single on January 10, 2009.  Its music video references Gaga's Italian heritage.  Though the single did not chart in the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America certified the song gold on February 29, 2016, for shipments and streams equal to 500,000 copies there.  "Eh, Eh" charted in the top ten in France, New Zealand and Sweden.
Peach (disambiguation)

**Peach** can mean:

*Peach, the fruit or the tree
*Princess Peach (or just "Peach"), a video game character
*Peach (color)
Giant Magellan Telescope

, the site for the Giant Magellan Telescope]]
The **Giant Magellan Telescope** (**GMT**) will be the world's largest telescope when it is completed in 2025. Instead of one large mirror, the GMT will have seven separate mirrors working together. This will mean its collecting area is bigger than the actual mirror surfaces. It will be made of seven  diameter mirror parts. It will have the resolving power of a  mirror. Its collecting area will be the same as a  mirror. The telescope will have over four times the  to  light than existing telescopes. It will produce images up to ten times  than the Hubble Space Telescope. which is also the site of the Magellan Telescopes, some  northeast of La Serena, Chile. This area has clear weather for most of the year. The night sky in most of the surrounding Atacama Desert region is free from atmospheric pollution. With few cities  this is probably one of the places least affected by light pollution. All of this makes the area one of the best spots on Earth for long-term astronomical .

## Design details
The telescope is  because it will use seven mirror sections, each  in diameter.  These segments will then be arranged to form a single optical surface. This is difficult as the surface of the outer six mirror segments is not radially symmetrical (that is, they are off-axis). This requires a small change in the way mirrors are usually . All seven mirrors will be arranged so that the reflecting surface of each of them is on a common axis. One mirror will be in the center and the other six arranged symmetrically around the center. A focal plane will be on-axis with the entire .  The plan is to build seven identical off-axis mirrors. The  mirror has been made to replace a mirror when it needs recoating, a 1–2 week (per segment) process required every 1–2 years.

The Steward Observatory, at the University of Arizona, is making the mirrors in a laboratory beneath the university's football stadium. It is using a rotating furnace to make the mirror.  The casting of the first mirror was completed on November 3, 2005. But the time-consuming shaping and polishing will be completed in the autumn of 2011.

The telescope will make use of adaptive optics.

## Member organizations
The following is a list of the group which is developing the telescope.
*Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (OCIW)
* University of Chicago
* Harvard University
* Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
* Texas A&M University
* University of Arizona
* University of Texas at Austin
* Australian National University
* Astronomy Australia Limited
* Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
George P. Mitchell, founder of Mitchell Energy & Development Corp., and The Cynthia and George Mitchell Foundation are giving $25 million to help pay for the telescope.

## Related pages
*Atacama Desert

## References 
## Other websites 
* Giant Magellan Telescope home page
* Article from the MIT news office
* New Scientist article on the telescope 
* COSMOS article on the telescope 
* Painted outline of the mirrors at the parking lot of the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution in Pasadena
Stuntman: Ignition

***Stuntman: Ignition*** is a racing/action video game that was published by THQ and was developed by Paradigm Entertainment. It was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and the Xbox 360 systems. *Stuntman: Ignition* was the sequel to the 2002 video game, *Stuntman*. The game received positive reviews, GameSpot gave it a 7.5 out of 10 and IGN gave it a 7.1 out of 10.

## References
## Other websites
*Stuntman: Ignition at GameSpot
Kazunori Yamauchi

**Kazunori Yamauchi** (born August 5, 1967) is a Japanese game designer, professional racing driver, and CEO of Polyphony Digital and producer of the *Gran Turismo* series.

## References
Cradle of Humankind

The **Cradle of Humankind** is a World Heritage Site, named by UNESCO in 1999. The site is about 50 kilometres northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa in the Gauteng province. It occupies .

## Fossils 
The site is called the *Cradle of Humankind* because it has produced a large number of hominid fossils, including some of the oldest. Some date back as far as 3.5 million years ago. 

These fossils were found in the site's limestone caves, including the Sterkfontein Caves. Of all the early hominid fossils ever found, more than a third were found in Sterkfontein.

In 1947 Robert Broom and John T. Robinson discovered a 2.3-million-year-old fossil of *Australopithecus africanus* (which they nicknamed 'Mrs. Ples'). Previously, in 1924, Raymond Dart discovered a juvenile *A. africanus* skull at Taung in the North West Province of South Africa. (The fossil was nicknamed the 'Taung Child'). Excavations still continue at this site.

## Recent work 
### *Australopithecus sediba* 
In 2008 near Johannesburg, archaologists found the remains of several partial skeletons of a previously unknown australopithecine species, *A. sediba*. The remains have been dated to about two million years ago (mya). Based on a recent re-examination of two partial *A. sediba* skeletons*,* this species is close to the origin of the genus *Homo*. Not all palaeoanthropologists agree that it is a new species.

A new analysis shows this species had a human-like pelvis, hands and teeth, and a chimpanzee-like foot. In six separate research reports, palaeontologists reported on the anatomy of a juvenile male skeleton, MH1; a female skeleton, known as MH2; and an isolated adult tibia (shinbone), known as MH4. The findings suggest that some species of australopithecine climbed trees, some walked on the ground, and some did both:

Scientists in England investigated the skeletons' teeth. Like other parts of the skeletons, the teeth are a mosaic of primitive and human-like features.

## References
Overhand knot

The **overhand knot** is the simplest knot that can be created.  It is often used as a stopper knot at the end of a rope.

## Related pages
* List of knots
Ferrari F50

The **Ferrari F50** is a sports car made by Ferrari in 1995. It was created to celebrate the company's 50th anniversary. The car has two doors. It is a two-seated convertible with a removable hardtop. It has a 4.7&nbsp;L V12 engine that was based on the 3.5&nbsp;L V12 used in the 1992 Ferrari F92A Formula One car.

Only 349 Ferrari F50's were made. This was because Ferrari wanted it to be rare. The last F50 was produced in Maranello, Italy in July 1997.

It was made in 5 different colors: red, dark red, yellow, black and silver.

The Ferrari F50 can reach a top speed of 205 miles per hour.
Knot theory

is the simplest mathematical knot.  It is impossible to untie without breaking the 'rope'.]]
**Knot theory** is the study of knots in mathematics.  In knot theory, the ends of the rope are attached so that there is no possible way for the knot to be untied.  Peter Guthrie Tait was the first person to make charts describing mathematical knots in the 1860s.

## Related pages
* List of knots
* Topology

## Further reading 
* Richard H. Crowell and Ralph Fox, *Introduction to Knot Theory*,  1977, 
* Gerhard Burde and Heiner Zieschang, *Knots*, De Gruyter Studies in Mathematics, 1985, Walter de Gruyter, 
* Louis H. Kauffman, *On Knots*, 1987,
Lokomotiv Yaroslavl

**Lokomotiv Yaroslavl** () is a Russian professional ice hockey team playing in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

## 2011 plane crash
The Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash occurred on Wednesday, September 7, 2011 at 16:02 local time, when a Yak-Service Yakolev Yak-42 airplane, with the professional ice hockey team and coaching staff of Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League, crashed near Yaroslavl, Russia. The team was going to Minsk, Belarus, to start the 2011-12 KHL season against Dinamo Minsk. 44 out of the 45 people on board were confirmed dead, one crew member survived.

## Honours 
** Russian Open Championship winner (3)**: 1996–97, 2001–02, 2002–03
Runners-up of KHL (2): 2007–08, 2008–09
Bronze medal winner of Russian Open Championship and KHL (4): 1997–98, 1998–99, 2004-2005, 2010–11
Runners-up of IIHF Continental Cup : 2003
Bronze medal of Spengler Cup: 2003

## Statistics in KHL 
***Note:** GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, OTL = Overtime/Shootout Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against*

## References 
## Other websites
* Lokomotiv Yaroslavl official website
* Home arena, Statistics, History
All My Hits/Todos Mis Exitos

***All My Hits/Todos Mis Exitos*** was a greatest hits album by Selena. The album included a collectable rose-pin for fans. The album sold over 1,200,000 copies in the United States.

## Track lisiting 
## Critical reception 
## Sales and certifications 
**Notes**
Note that RIAA has launched its Oro y De Platino certification scheme for those albums the 50% of the content of which are in Spanish, initially, the award-levels for Oro y De Platino were: Gold=100,000 and Platinum=200,000. In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.

## References
SC Austria Lustenau

**SC Austria Lustenau** is a football club from Lustenau, Vorarlberg. The club is playing in the Erste Liga, the second division in Austria.
## History
The club was founded in June 1914 as football department of Turnerbund Lustenau and was named FA Turnerbund Lustenau. This name had the club till 1936. For not having a football assosiation in Vorarlberg the club only played friendly matches. During the time of  First World War there were no matches. In 1920 the club started in a regular championship. The first success was the Vorarlberg championship in the 1929/30 season. They were qualified for the Austrian Amateur Championship and reached the final versus Kremser SC. 

In 1936 the club left the Turnerbund Lustenau and became a club of its own. The were renamed to SC Austria Lustenau. In the following years they reached several titels.  In 1994 they won the Regionalliga West and were promoted to the First League, the second division in Austrian football. From 1997 to 2000 they played in the Bundesliga, the top division of Austrias football. Since the relegation 2 000 they played in the 2. Liga. In the 2021-22 season they won the league and were promotet to the Bundesliga.

The biggest success so far was the Cup final in 2010/11. Austria Lustenau was the first club from Vorarlberg which ever reached a Cup final. The match was lost against SV Ried. In 2020 they reached again the Cup final but lost again versus FC Red Bull Salzburg.

The club secured promotion back to the Bundesliga after 22 years in the second division with a 2-1 away win against SV Horn. 
At the end of the 2023/24 season, Lustenau was relegated from the Bundesliga again.

## Current squad
*Updated 5 February 2026*

### Coaching staff
* Markus Mader Headcoach
* Martin Schneider Assistancecoach
* Seifedin Chabbi Assistancecoach

## Honours
***Runner-up Austrian Amateur Championship:** 1930 (FA Turnerbund)
***Champion 2nd division:** 1997
***Champion Regionalliga West(3rd division):** 1994
***Champion Tyrol/Vorarlberg:** 1977
***Vorarlberger Champion:** 1930 (FA Turnerbund), 1937, 1946, 1949, 1965, 1977, 1978, 1980 (Austria) , 2005 (Austria-Amateure)
* **Vorarlberger Cup :** 1936, 1949, 1951, 1958, 1980 (Austria) 1999 (Austria-Amateure)

## References
Fabergé egg

]]

A **Fabergé egg** is one of the jewelled eggs made by Peter Carl Fabergé and his company between 1885 and 1917.

The most famous are those made for the Russian Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II. They were Easter gifts for their wives and mothers, and are called the 'Imperial' Fabergé eggs. The House of Fabergé made about 52 imperial eggs, of which 46 have survived. Two more were planned for Easter 1918, but were not delivered, due to the Russian Revolution.

## List of Fabergé Tsar Imperial Easter eggs 
Below is a list of the eggs made for the Russian imperial family.

## List of the Kelch eggs
Faberge also made eggs for Alexander Kelch, a Siberian gold mine industrialist, as gifts for his wife Barbara (Varvara) Kelch-Bazanova.  Most are copies of other eggs.

## Other Fabergé eggs
## References
Ones (album)

***Ones*** is a greatest hits album by Selena. The album included an unreleased ballad song. The album sold over 500,000 copies in the United States.

## Track listing
;Disc 1 CD

;Disc 2 Music video DVD
#No Quiero Saber
#La Carcacha
#Buenos Amigos (Duet With Álvaro Torres)
#La Llamada
#Amor Prohibido
#No Me Queda Más
#Bidi Bidi Bom Bom
#Techno Cumbia
#Dónde Quiera Que Estés (Duet With Barrio Boyzz)
#Tú, Sólo Tú
#Siempre Hace Frío
#I Could Fall In Love
#Dreaming Of You

## Certifications 
## References
Islam in Palestine

**Islam** is the religion of the majority of the Palestinian population residing in the Palestinian territories, with Muslims comprising 75% of the population of the West Bank, and 99% of the population of the Gaza Strip.

Jerusalem is Islam's third holiest city after Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia. The *Haram al Sharif* (Temple Mount) of Jerusalem is believed by Muslims to be the location from which Muhammad ascended to Jannah (paradise); there is no mention of Jerusalem in the Koran, however.

This widely accepted Islamic belief raises the religious and spiritual importance to them of the Dome of the Rock and the adjacent al-Aqsa Mosque. Muslims are sensitive to and mindful of the circumstance that two mosques along with the rest of East Jerusalem are claimed and illegally occupied by the state of Israel.

Image:Palestine-2013(2)-Jerusalem-Temple Mount-Dome of the Rock (SE exposure).jpg|Dome of the Rock
Image:Al-Aqsa Mosque from Dome of the Rock steps.jpg|Al-Aqsa Mosque

## References
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front

**JKLF** seeks independence of Jammu and Kashmir state from both India and Pakistan.

In 1982 branches were established in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, Pakistan and in 1987 in Indian-administered Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir).

## References
Erich Probst

**Erich Probst** (5 December 1927 – 16 March 1988) was an Austrian footballer. He played as striker for different teams in Vienna and also abroad.

## Career
He started with Admira Wien at 17 years old. After a year with Vienna he signed with SK Rapid Wien. In this time he won the Austrian Championship four times. In his first season with Rapid he scored 28 goals in 23 matches. Although he was always a top scorer he never shot the highest number of goals in the league.

After his time with Rapid he went to Wuppertaler SV in Germany. After the relegation of Wuppertal he went on to Switzerland playing for FC Zürich. In winter 1959 he came back to Austria to SV Austria Salzburg. The club paid 90 000 Austrian schillings, which was the highest till this time. He shot 15 goals and the team could stay in the top league. During his time with Salzburg he played his last match in the national football team. He was the first player of SV Austria Salzburg who ever played for the team.

In the 1960/61 season he was coach of SV Austria but not successful. So he went on to play as striker again. His last clubs were the SAK 1914 in Salzburg and First Vienna FC in Vienna. At all he scored 150 goals in Austrias top league.

## International
He played 19 times for the Austrian national football team and scored 17 goals. His first match was on  27 May 1951 (4:0 versus Scotland)  In the qualification match for the FIFA World Cup 1954 versus Portugal he scored 5 goals for the 9:1 win. He was member of the 1954 FIFA World Cup squad which reached the third place. During the tournament he scored six goals and was together with Max Morlock of Germany and Josef Hügi of Switzerland second in the scorer list. During his time abroad he was not player of the team. But in 1960 he played his last match versus France (2:4) where he also scored his last goal for the team. So he was the first national football team player coming from SV Austria Salzburg.
## International statistics 
:''Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Probst goal.''

## Honours
***Austrian Football Bundesliga (4):**
** 1951, 1952, 1954, 1956
***Mitropa Cup (1):**
** 1951
* Member of the Austrian team for the 1954 FIFA World Cup
## References
Stuntman (video game)

***Stuntman*** is a racing/action video game that was published by Infogrames and Atari. It was released for the PlayStation 2 and the Game Boy Advance systems. The game is also featured as a mobile phone game which could be downloaded. *Stuntman* was followed by the 2007 sequel, *Stuntman: Ignition*. The game received positive reviews, GameSpot gave it a 8.0 out of 10 and IGN gave it a 8.6 out of 10.

The game was followed by sequel, called *Stuntman: Ignition* released in 2007.

## References
## Other websites
*Stuntman at MobyGames
Crossfade (band)

**Crossfade** is an American rock band from Columbia, South Carolina. Crossfade has three members in the band; the current band members are Ed Sloan, Les Hall, and Mitch James. Their best known song is "Cold" which was released on May 25, 2004 and reached #2 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart and #3 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks.

## Band members 
;Current
*Ed Sloan – vocals, guitar
*Mitch James – bass guitar, vocals 
*Les Hall – guitar, keyboard, backing vocals

;Former
*Brian Geiger - drums
*Tony Byroads - vocals, turntables/sampling
*James Branham - drums
*Will Hunt - drums, percussion
* Mark Castillo – drums, goomba

## Discography 
So far as of 2011, Crossfade has released 3 studio albums:

### Albums
**Crossfade* (2004)
**Falling Away* (2006)
**We All Bleed* (2011)

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
Isolobal principle

The **isolobal principle** (also known as **isolobal analogy**) is way to predict bonding properties of organometallic compounds. In organometallic chemistry, it relates the structure of organic ligands that can bind to inorganic molecular fragments. Roald Hoffmann described molecular fragments as isolobal "if the number, symmetry properties, approximate energy and shape of the frontier orbitals and the number of electrons in them are similar – not identical, but similar." One can predict the bonding and reactivity of a lesser-known pieces from that of a better-known pieces if the two molecular fragments have similar frontier orbitals, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Isolobal compounds are analogs to isoelectronic compounds that share the same number of valence electrons and structure. A graphic representation of isolobal structures, with the isolobal pairs connected through a double-headed arrow with half an orbital below, is found in Figure 1.

For his work on the isolobal analogy, Hoffmann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1981, which he shared with Kenichi Fukui. In his Nobel Prize lecture, Hoffmann stressed that the isolobal analogy is a useful, yet simple, model. It does fail in certain s.

## References
Yabasic

**Yabasic** (**Yet Another BASIC**) is an interpreter program for a  of BASIC. BASIC is a programming language. BASIC was designed by John George Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz, in 1964. Yabasic was born in 1995, 32 years later. Pedro Sá and Thomas Larsen are now developing version 3 of Yabasic. Yasbic is very  at about 250 kilobytes total length.

## How it works
To write something on the monitor, like Hello World, type **print** then 
 Print "Hello World"

Study this bit of code:
 10 beep
 20 wait 1
 30 goto 10
The result of this code is:
An audible beep is generated
The program waits for 1 second before going onto the next instruction
It then goes back to the start of the program creating an infinite loop.

This programming language can also be used to create rather complex programs such as one that calculates prime numbers

 print "This program will calculate the prime numbers below the limit"
 input "limit: " limit
 n=2
 do
   for i=2 to sqrt(n)
     if (frac(n/i)=0) then
       notprime=1
       break
     endif
   next i
   if notprime<>1 then
     print n
   endif
   notprime=0
   n=n+1
   if n>limit break
 loop

The "input" command asks the user to input a value which in this case is number that tells the program what number to stop finding prime numbers at.
The 
 do...loop
commands create a loop that can be repeated infinitely.
The
 for...next
commands hold instructions as to what the program is to do while in the loop. 
The
 if...endif
commands tell the program to look for something and if the thing it is looking for is there then it reports back that it is there.

## Related pages
* List of programming languages

## References
## Other websites
* Official Yabasic website — downloads and documentation for Yabasic 2.763.
* Yabasic 3 website  - downloads and documentation for the Version 3 interpreter.
* Yabasic manual — documentation for the interpreter.
* YAB interpreter — BeOS/Haiku version of Yabasic.
* Yabsic PS2  — site about the PS2 version.
* Small collection of Yabasic programs .
* Official website of flyab.
Marie Joséphine of Savoy

**Marie Joséphine of Savoy** (Maria Giuseppina Luigia; 2 September 1753 – 13 November 1810) was the wife of the future Louis XVIII of France. She was a princess of Savoy by birth, became the titular Queen consort, and was known by her title: Her Royal Highness, Countess of Provence (*comtesse de Provence*).

## Family
She was born at the Royal Palace of Turin on 2 September 1753 and was the third child and second daughter of Victor Amadeus and his wife the Spanish Infanta Maria Antonia of Spain. At the time of her birth her grandfather, Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, was the King of Sardinia. 

## Marriage
Maria Giuseppina was engaged to the French Prince Louis Stanislas of France. He was known as the Count of Provence. They were married on 16 April 1771 *by proxy* in the Turin. They were married in person on 14 May 1771 at the Palace of Versailles. A luxurious ball followed the wedding on 20 May. She was considered to be ugly. Louis Stanislas hated his wife. We know today that these rumors were created by those who supported Marie Antoinette as a rivalry soon emerged after the youngest brother 'comte d'Artois', married the Comtesse's sister, thereby bringing yet another Savoyard princess to Versailles and creating an Italian party at court. 

In France she was known as **Marie Joséphine de Savoie**. She had a high rank at court as her husband was a grandson of the reiging king. She was a cousin of the ill-fated *Princess of Lamballe* who was instrumental in the arrangement of the marriage. At the death of her husband’s grandfather Louis XV in 1774, her brother-in-law succeeded as Louis XVI. She became pregnant in 1774 and 1781, but both pregnancies ended in miscarriage. In 1791 Marie Joséphine went to Germany. During the period of exile, the Count and Countess fought constantly. Some historians have suggested Marie Joséphine's possible lesbian relationship with a lady-in-waiting as the primary cause for discord between the couple.

Marie Joséphine died of an edema at Hartwell House, English residence of the exiled French royal family. Marie Joséphine was laid to rest in the Lady Chapel of Westminster Abbey. Her body was removed a year later on Louis's orders and buried in the Kingdom of Sardinia; today in Cagliari Cathedral.

## Other websites
Freestyle music

**Freestyle music** or Latin freestyle is a type of electronic dance music. It became popular during the mid and late 1980s. However, this kind of music started falling in fame during the 1990s. Freestyle music continues to be created and played on radio stations that are still of interest to the Latin and Italian communities.

Notable artists that performed freestyle include Stevie B, Shannon, Cynthia, Collage, Johnny O, Sa-Fire, George Lamond, Lil Suzy, Judy Torres, Exposé, Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam, La India, TKA, Corina, Nocera, Company B, The Cover Girls, Noel, Pajama Party, Shana, Will to Power, Sweet Sensation, Seduction, Linear, Lisette Melendez, Angelina, Laissez Faire, Coro, and Rockell.

## Regional scenes 
*New York City
*Philadelphia
*Miami
*Los Angeles
*Detroit
*Chicago

## References
Furia Musical

***Furia Musical*** was a Mexican music magazine. The magazine was published by Editorial Televisa, who also produces TVyNovelas. *Furia Musical* was published in Mexico and southern United States. Its editors wrote articles about Mexican music, Chicano rock, Tejano music and Norteno. Their awards show, *Premios Furia Musical*, was broadcast by Televisa, Galavisión and Univision. The December 2006 issue was the final issue of the magazine.

## Other websites 
* Profile  at Televisa. 
* Profile at Amazon.com.
* *Premios Furia Musical* .
TVyNovelas

***TVyNovelas*** is a Mexican music and gossip magazine. The magazine is published by Editorial Televisa. The magazine is available in the United States (and Puerto Rico), Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia. *TVyNovelas* is one of the most-widely read magazine for Spanish-language soap opera fans. Their awards show, *Premios TVyNovelas*, is broadcast on Televisa and Univision.

## Other websites
* *TVyNovelas*  at the Televisa website.
* TVyNovelas Chile .
* TVyNovelas  website and forum in Poland.
* *Premios TVyNovelas*  at the Univision website.
* Photos of *Premios TVyNovelas México* .
* *Premios TVyNovelas Colombia* .