open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Interstate 182

**Interstate 182** (sometimes called **I-182**) is a 15.19-mile longInterstate Highway in the state of Washington, going into the Tri-Cities. The road goes from Interstate 82 west of Richland to U.S. Route 12 in Pasco. It runs along U.S. Route 12 from Interstate 82 to U.S. Route 12, Washington State Route 240 through Richland, and U.S. Route 395 in Pasco.

## References
Saints' Way

The '''Saints' Way''' () is a long-distance footpath in Cornwall, in the United Kingdom.

It follows the probable route of early Christian travellers making their way from Ireland to the Continent. Rather than risk the difficult passage around Land's End they would disembark their ships on the North Cornish coast and progress to ports such as Fowey on foot. The footpath today between Padstow in the north and Fowey in the south is 26 miles in length and is well marked. Guide books are available.

## Other websites 
Saints' Way information at Cornwall County Council
Golant

**Golant** is a small village in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is in the parish of St Sampson on the banks of the Fowey estuary and between St. Austell and Polperro. The church in the villiage is dedicated to St. Sampson.

Golant railway station was at one time by the river to the south of the village.  It was served by trains on the Great Western Railway's Fowey branch line from 1 July 1896 until 4 January 1965. The station has since been removed. The space is now used for a car park.

Annie Vernon, the Olympic rower, first learned her sport at Golant's Castle Dore Rowing Club.

## History 
Until very recently, Golant has been almost unknown except to the people who live there and pilgrims and other walkers of the Saints' Way. Nearby, there is a little used ford across the Fowey estuary. In late summer 1644, during the first English Civil War, war came to Golant and the area around the village. A large group of about 10,000 Parliamentary soldiers  fought against the forces of King Charles on the peninsula between Lostwithiel, St Blazey and Fowey. King Charles was in the area at the time.

## References
Haumea (dwarf planet)

Hiʻiaka and Namaka, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.]]

**136108 Haumea** (symbol ) is a dwarf planet in the Solar System. Its discovery was announced in 2005 by astronomers Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo and David Rabinowitz of the United States, and J. L. Ortiz of Spain. It was classified as a dwarf planet on September 17, 2008. 136108 Haumea is a Trans-Neptunian object, because it orbits the Sun after Neptune. It has two known moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka.  136108 Haumea is special because of its very short day and odd shape.  It turns once on its axis every four hours.    This quick turning has caused 136108 Haumea to be shaped like an ellipsoid. It was the fifth discovered dwarf planet. 

## Name 
The object was originally nicknamed 'Santa' as it was discovered shortly after Christmas. In 2008, the International Astronomical Union gave it the proper name 136108 Haumea, after a Hawaiian god of childbirth and fertility.

## Rings 
A stellar occultation observed on January 21, 2017, and described in an October 2017 *Nature* article, indicated the presence of a ring around 136108 Haumea. This represents the first ring system discovered for a TNO. The ring has a radius of about 2,287 km, a width of ~70 km and an opacity of 0.5. It is well within Haumea's Roche limit, which would be at a radius of about 4,400 km if it were a sphere (not being a sphere pushes the limit out farther). The ring plane is inclined 3.2°±1.4° with respect to 136108 Haumea's equatorial plane and approximately coincides with the orbital plane of its larger, outer moon Hiʻiaka. The ring is also close to the 1:3 orbit-spin resonance with 136108 Haumea's rotation (which is at a radius of 2,285 ± 8 km from Haumea's center). The ring is estimated to contribute 5% to the total brightness of 136108 Haumea.

## References 
## Other websites 
* NASA visualization of the orbit 
* Entry at ''Mike Brown's Planets'', explaining how he discovered it
* Michael Brown's webpage
Masoretic Text

The **Masoretic Text** is a copy of the Hebrew Bible that was written by the Masoretes between the 6th and 10th centuries.

The Masoretic Text is an authority because it is the source for most translations of the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament.

## Standardisation
Before the first century CE, there were some small differences between copies of the Hebrew Bible. During first century CE, Jewish Bible specialists agreed on the same words, a process called standardisation.

Between about 100 and 300 CE, a group of Jewish Bible specialists called the Tannaim copied this Hebrew Bible. Then between about 300 and 500 CE, another group of Jewish Bible specialists called the Amoraim continued the work of the Tannaim. The Masoretes then continued the Amoraim's work for the next 500 years.

## The Masoretes' Work
The Masoretes were very careful when they copied the Bible. When they thought there was a mistake in the work of the Amoraim or the other specialists, they wrote a note in the side of the book, rather than change the book. After they copied a book, they counted the verses, words and letters in each book to make sure there were no mistakes.

The Masoretes also added vowel points to make the Bible easier to read because the Hebrew writing does not show vowels.

There were two main places where Masoretes worked: Babylon and Israel. The Masoretes also wrote book about the Bible called the Masorah.

## Further reading
**The Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible*, by Paul D. Wegner (1999), BridgePoint Books.
FNMTV

***FNMTV Premiers*** is a 2008 American music television series that originally aired on MTV from June 13 to December 5. The program is hosted by Pete Wentz of rock band Fall Out Boy. *FNMTV* is shown every Friday night. It shows all new never-before seen music videos and live performances. The program has had several famous guests including Lil Wayne, Jonas Brothers, Miley Cyrus, Rihanna, Maroon 5, and Katy Perry.

## Other name results for *FNMTV* 
Other possible name results for the title are ''FN'MTV*, *Friday Night MTV*, *Feedback New MTV*, *Feedback New Music Television*, *FN (standing for f***ing MTV) MTV*, *F'in MTV*, or *FN'MTV "Friday Night"''.
Pete Wentz

**Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III** (born on June 5, 1979) better known as **Pete Wentz**, is an American bassist and songwriter. He is most famous for his work with the Chicago-based band Fall Out Boy. In recent years, he has also become an entrepreneur and the host of the MTV program, FNMTV. 

Wentz has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Ashlee Simpson divorced him.

Fall Out Boy came off hiatus in 2013, releasing a new single "My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light 'Em Up)" and an album *Save Rock and Roll*, along with a supporting Spring tour. They will be going on the So Much For (2our) Dust Tour beginning February 2024 in support of the 2023 album So Much (For) Stardust, bringing pop punk group Jimmy Eat World along with other bands such as The Maine and Daisy Grenade. This will be their second tour for the album So Much (For) Stardust.

## References
Tha Carter III

***The Carter III*** is the sixth studio album by rapper Lil Wayne. The album contains singles like "Lollipop", "Got Money", "A Milli", "Mrs. Officer", and "Mr. Carter". It has been certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and has sold 3.6 million copies in the United States.

## Track listing 
# 3 Peat
# Mr. Carter (feat. Jay-Z)
# A Milli
# Got Money (feat. T-Pain)
# Comfortable (feat. Babyface)
# Dr. Carter
# Phone Home
# Tie My Hands (feat. Robin Thicke)
# Mrs. Officer (feat. Bobby Valentino)
# Let the Beat Build
# Shoot Me Down (feat. D. Smith)
# Lollipop (feat. Static Major)
# La La (feat. Brisco & Busta Rhymes)
# Playing with Fire (feat. Betty Wright)
# You Ain't Got Nuthin (feat. Fabolous & Juelz Santana)
# Misunderstood

## Other websites
*
Administrative county

An **administrative county** ''(pronounced: **add**-mini-**stray**'-tive, **count**-e)'' was an old way of dividing up the land in a country that was once used in England and Wales, beginning in 1888 and also in Ireland, beginning in 1898. It was used for local government reasons. They do not exist anymore, except in Northern Ireland where their old areas are used as the areas for lieutenancy. They were also once used in Scotland for government reasons but they were not real names that the people who lived in an area called it except when talking to the government. They stopped being used in England and Wales in 1974, and stopped in Scotland in 1975.

## Related pages
*List of pages about local government in the United Kingdom

## Other websites
*The Boundary Committee for England
*The Boundary Committee for Scotland 
*The Boundary Committee for Wales
Tlaxcala de Xicoténcatl

and church of St. Francis of Assisi]]

**Tlaxcala de Xicoténcatl** is the capital of the Mexican state of Tlaxcala. About 84.000 people live in the city itself. Its urban area has about 250.000 people. The city has a historic center. The church of St. Francis was consecrated in 1521. It is the oldest church on American soil.
Saral

**Saral** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33°5'39N 72°55'18E.

## References
Stella

**Stella** may refer to:

*Stella (*Winx Club*), a fictional character from the *Winx Club* animated series
*"Stella Was a Diver and She Was Always Down", song on Interpol's first album *Turn On the Bright Lights*
*The graphics chip of the Atari 2600, named after the CEO's bicycle
*Subaru Stella, a car produced by Subaru
Corey Taylor

**Corey Todd Taylor** (born December 1973) also known by his number **#8**, is an American singer. He is the lead singer of the bands Slipknot and *Stone Sour*.
Psychosocial (song)

"**Psychosocial**" is the second single and fourth track from Slipknot's fourth studio album, *All Hope Is Gone,* which was released August 26, 2008.

## Music video
The music video for "Psychosocial" was shot at Sound Farm studios in Jamaica, Iowa on June 30, 2008. The shoot was delayed due to an unrelated head injury sustained by turntablist Sid Wilson before the shoot, who was subsequently hospitalized. On July 18, 2008 the video premiered on MTV's *FNMTV* show, hosted by Pete Wentz. The video, which was directed by Paul Brown, was shot using high-end cameras which shoot 1,000 frames per second and are contrasted with traditional 35&nbsp;mm hand crank camera equipment.

The are two versions of the video. One uses the album version of the song, whilst the other uses a much shorter version of the song; excluding the "Limit of the Dead!" lines.
This song was nominated to best rock video at the VMA´s 2008.

## Personnel
* (#0) Sid Wilson – Turntables
* (#1) Joey Jordison – Drum kit
* (#2) Paul Gray – Bass guitar
* (#3) Chris Fehn – Percussion instrument, backing vocals
* (#4) Jim Root – Electric guitar
* (#5) Craig Jones – Sampler (musical instrument),
* (#6) Shawn Crahan – Percussion instrument, backing vocals,
* (#7) Mick Thomson – Electric guitar
* (#8) Corey Taylor – Vocals

## References
Spit It Out

"**Spit It Out**" is the second single from the album *Slipknot* by metal band Slipknot. It was released on September 4, 2000. It is off their debut album *Slipknot*.
Wait and Bleed

**"Wait and Bleed"** is a single from the metal band Slipknot's first album, *Slipknot*. 

## Music Video 
The video for the song is a live performance.
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics

The **Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics** or **IBGE** (), is the government agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. The IBGE performs a national census every ten years, and the questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.
The IBGE's headquarters is located in Rio de Janeiro.

## Other websites 
* IBGE website
The Beano

**The Beano** is a weekly British children's comic. The first issue was on July 30, 1938. Annuals are released each year. 

## Beano characters
*Dennis the Menace
*The Bash Street Kids
*Little Plum
*Ball Boy
*Ivy the Terrible 
*Billy Whizz
*Ratz
*Robbie Rebel
*Gnasher
*Gnipper
*Lord Snooty
*Les Pretend
*Stanley the Rottweiler
*Billy the Cat
*Rodger the Dodger
*The Numskulls
*Fred (Fred's bed)
*Jonny Bean
*Charlie the Fox
*Lewis Blair

## Other websites
*The Beano Comic web site
Big Mac Index

Big Mac purchased in Australia. In July 2008 this would have cost $AUD 3.45 compared with $3.57 in the United States - the implied purchasing power parity based on the prices of the burger in the two countries  at that time was close to the actual exchange rate.

The exchange rate between two countries can be compared by dividing the price of a Big Mac in one country (in its currency) by the price of a Big Mac in another country (in its currency).  This value is then compared with the actual exchange rate.  If the rate is lower, then the first currency is under-valued (according to purchasing power parity (PPP) theory) compared with the second currency. Conversely, if the rate is higher, then the first currency is over-valued.

For example, using figures in July 2008:
*the price of a Big Mac was $3.57 in the United States 
*the price of a Big Mac was £2.29 in the United Kingdom (Britain)
*using exchange rates at July 2008, the  Big Mac in Britain could be bought for $4.57
*the implied purchasing power parity was 1.56, that is the local price in Britain divided by the price in the United States
*this compares with an actual exchange rate of $2.00 to £1 at the time
*the pound was thus overvalued against the dollar by 28% 
**i.e. the actual exchange rate divided by implied purchasing parity -> 2 divided by 1.56 = 1.28

## Related pages
* KFC Index

## References 
## Other websites 
* Big Mac Index 1986-2009
Economic index

An **economic index** is a number that is calculated from different economic factors, like prices or income. These numbers are calculated to be able to compare different economies in different countries. An example for such an index would be the Gross Domestic Product (or GDP).

Usually, the base is given a value of 100 and all later data is expressed in relation to this base. 
For example, the consumer price index (CPI) of a year might stand at 95 (a fall of 5 percent in the prices) or 105 (an increase of 5 percent in the prices).

Indexes (indices) also measure up and down movement of industrial production, and of the market prices of bonds, commodities, shares, etc.
JeOS

**JeOS** is a version of Ubuntu designed for virtual machines.

## Related pages
* Ubuntu

## Other websites
* Official website
The Blister Exists

**"The Blister Exists"** is the final single from Slipknot's *Vol. 3: (The Subliminal Verses)* album. A music video for the song was released 11 January 2007. "The Blister Exists" is known among fans for its snare drum solo. This song was used to open concerts from The Subliminal Verses tour, following a staged announcement where the audience was told that "due to unforeseen circumstances, Slipknot will not be performing this evening." 

## Music video
The music video displays the band performing the song live, with clips of their fans with much similarity to "The Nameless" music video.

## References
## Other websites
*Official Site
Fellatio

**Fellatio** is oral sex performed on the penis. Fellatio is often called a **blow job**. The opposite of this is cunnilingus. Cunnilingus is oral sex performed on the vulva. 
Fellatio can continue until the receiver ejaculates or as part of foreplay, before actual sexual intercourse.

## Risks 
There is no risk of getting pregnant by performing a fellatio, because there is no connection from the mouth to the womb and the fallopian tubes. There is however a large risk of transmitting diseases if the mouth comes in contact with semen on the penis. If the person drinks alcoholic drinks, it can make this risk higher. HIV can also enter through open sores or bleeding gums. 

Very few people are allergic to semen. Some claim that swallowing ejaculate is an intimate act. 

Diseases such as Chlamydia, human papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrhea, herpes, hepatitis (multiple strains), and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), as well as viruses such as HIV, can be transmitted through oral sex. The risk of transmitting HIV through fellatio is unknown, but it is thought to be low. Any kind of direct contact with body fluids of a person infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, poses a risk of infection. The risk from most of these types of infection, however, is generally considered far lower than that associated with vaginal or anal sex.

If the receiving partner has wounds on their genitals, or if the giving partner has wounds or open sores on or in their mouth, or bleeding gums, this poses an increased risk of STD transmission. Flossing or undergoing dental work relatively soon before or after giving fellatio can also increase the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth. These wounds, even when they are microscopic, increase the chances of contracting STDs that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from common bacteria and viruses found in, around and secreted from the genital regions. Because of this, some medical professionals advise the use of condoms when performing or receiving fellatio with a partner whose STD status is unknown. Flavoured condoms may be used for this purpose. Alternatively there is flavored lube.

## In culture 
Many people accuse someone of performing fellatio as an insult. For example 'cock sucker!' or 'suck my dick'. 
Many cultures see fellatio as showing control over ones partner, as often the giver is on their knees. In ancient Greece, it was called *playing the flute*. The Moche people of ancient Peru practiced it regularly and made vases showing it.

## Related pages
* Oral sex
* Cunnilingus

## References
Dunfermline Building Society

**Dunfermline Building Society** (which includes Dunfermline Direct) is a trading division of Nationwide Building Society.

Nationwide Building Society is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority for life assurance, pensions, investments, insurance and regulated mortgages.
List of association football stadiums by capacity

This is a list of **association football** **stadiums**. They are put into order by how many people they can  at one time.

This list is only for football stadiums.

## References
*www.fussballtempel.net
Extremaduran language

The **Extremaduran language** () is the native language of Northwestern province of Cáceres. About 150,000 people speak it in Extremadura. This language is very similar to Leonese language and Asturian or Bable, spoken in other territories that once made up the Kingdom of León. It is called *artu estremeñu* (High extremaduran) too. Central and Low Extremaduran (*Meyu estremeñu* and *Bahu estremeñu*) are Spanish dialects with Extremaduran influences.

## Extremaduran/Spanish differences
|

|-
|}

## Literature 
The language of Extremadura began to appear in documentation from the 13th century. In the 17th century, texts in the Talaveran subdialect appeared (1638). Extremaduran began to have more presence in literature with Vicente Barrantes and his *Días sin sol* of 1875.

In 1984, José María Alcón Olivera published *Requilorios*, the first novel written in Extremaduran. It was not until the 2000s that new publications in Extremaduran were seen, in this case, in the El Rebollar variant, with *El corral los mis agüelus*, by José Benito Mateos Pascual. This was followed by the *Primera Antología de Poesía Extremeña* in 2005. In 2011, *La nueva literatura en estremeñu* was published, followed in 2012 by a second part.

In 2012, Ismael Carmona García published the poetry collection *Pan i verea*. The siblings Miguel Herrero Uceda and Elisa Herrero Uceda published two books of short stories in Extremaduran: one in 2012, entitled *Ceborrincho, relatos extremeños*, and another in 2015, entitled *Mamaeña, relatos extremeños*. Other books in subsequent years include *La huélliga* by Marcos Cruz Díaz and *El sol del lobu* by Aníbal Martín. In 2025, Vicente Costalago published *Euris estremeñus i sotras poemas*, divided into three parts: the first with epic poems about various Extremaduran heroes; the second with religious poems; and the last with individual poems.

## Related pages
* Leonese language

## References
Tanoli

, Pakistan.]]
**Tanoli** or **Tanawali** are a Hindko-speaking ethnic group living in the Hazara area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The Tanolis claim descent from Barlas Turks, who were settled in this region by Timur after he conquered Hazara.

## References
Jirga

A **jirga** (sometimes spelt **jirgah**) (Pashto / ) is a tribal meeting of elders. The meeting makes decisions by consensus. It is mainly the Pashtun people who have theses meetings - but other people who live near the Pashtun also have these meetings to settle disputes. They are most common in Afghanistan and among the Pashtun in Pakistan near its border with Afghanistan.

## Solving disputes
The meeting is usually made to help solve a dispute between two people. The people involved in a dispute usually begin by finding a mediator, choosing someone who is trusted to fairly solve the problem. The mediator can be a religious leader, a local notable, or someone who is known for helping to settle disputes. 

The mediator hears from the two sides, and then forms a jirga of community elders, taking care to include supporters of both sides. After listening to both sides the jirga then comes to a decision. When the decision has been made the mediator then announces it. The jirga's decision has to be accepted.

## References
Barclays

**Barclays** is a major bank. It was founded in 1690.

## References
## Other websites 
https://www.barclays.Co.uk
Boston Massacre

The **Boston Massacre** happened when five civilians (people who were not in the military) were shot and killed by 9 British soldiers on March 5, 1770. It was in Boston, Massachusetts, which was a British colony at the time. 

## Events 
The Massacre happened at night when a large mob gathered outside of the Custom House.  A British soldier named Hugh White hit a boy who had insulted White's commanding officer.  The boy ran away and came back with a large mob of angry people.  

More British soldiers came to help protect Hugh White from the people.  The mob threw snowballs with clams inside them and hit them with wooden clubs.  

As the mob got larger and larger, the scene became more and more chaotic.  Someone in the crowd yelled "fire".  In the confusion, some of the soldiers fired into the crowd. Crispus Attucks, an African-American man, was one of the first people killed.

## Trial
Eight British soldiers were tried in court after the Boston Massacre. They were defended by John Adams, who was both a patriot and a lawyer. He knew that many people would be upset with him for defending the soldiers, but he believed that everybody deserved a fair trial. (Adams would later become the President of the United States). 

Because of John Adams' efforts, six of the eight soldiers were found not guilty. The other two, Hugh Montgomery and Matthew Kilroy, were convicted of manslaughter in court. As punishment, they had the palms of their hands marked with a burn.  

## After the Boston Massacre
Paul Revere, a man who worked with metals in Boston, made an engraving of the British soldiers shooting into the crowd. He depicted the scene as violent. Many people saw the engraving and became angry. 

A few years later, the American Revolution started, and the colonies would become an independent country, the United States of America.

## Photo gallery

File:Crispus Attucks.jpg|Portrait of what Crispus Attucks may have looked like
File:Obituary of Patrick Carr 1770.jpg|Obituary of Massacre victim Patrick Carr, published on March 19, 1770, with an engraving of his coffin by Paul Revere
File:Robert Treat Paine portrait.jpg|Robert Treat Paine, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, prosecuted the British soldiers
File:John Adams (1785) Age 50.jpg|John Adams defended the accused British soldiers
File:Boston Massacre, 03-05-1770 - NARA - 518262.jpg|Lithograph from 1856 focusing on Crispus Attucks, who had by then become an important symbol for abolitionists.
File:2009 BostonMassacre site 3658174192.jpg|A gray brick circle now marks the site of the Massacre, in front of the Old State House

## References
Gujar Khan

**Gujar Khan** or **Gujarkhan** ()  is a city in Rawalpindi District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is the capital of Gujar Khan Tehsil, one of the seven tehsils or subdivisions of Rawalpindi District. It is about 55 kilometres southeast of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan and 220&nbsp;km to the northwest of Lahore capital of Punjab. It is located in the historic Pothohar Plateau and the local language spoken here is Pothwari.

## Administration
Gujar Khan, as well as being tehsil capital, is divided into 3 Union Councils:

*Gujar Khan-I
*Gujar Khan-II
*Gujar Khan-III

According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the city had 57,099 people.

## Languages
Pothowari is the main language of Gujar Khan, other languages are Urdu, Punjabi and Pashto.

## Twin cities
Gujar Khan has four twin cities, these are:
: Redditch, UK
: Taif, Saudi Arabia
: Munich, Germany
: Auckland, New Zealand

## References
Dreadlocks

**Dreadlocks**, also called **locks** or **dreads**, are coils of hair which are made by themselves, in all hair types, if the hair is allowed to grow naturally without grooming for a long time. They are part of some religions, like the Rastafarian religion in Jamaica. People who do not have to have dreadlocks because of their religion sometimes have dreadlocks as well. A lot of them do not let their dreads form naturally, but make dreadlocks themselves. There are different ways in which people help their hair go together to form dreadlocks. Backcombing, braiding, and twisting are some of the different techniques used to form dreadlocks.

Dreadlocks are one kind of protective hairstyle.  They can stop the hairs from breaking.

## Related pages
*Protective hairstyle

## References
List of football clubs in Russia

These are some Russian football teams.

*Akhmat Grozny
*Amkar Perm
*Arsenal Tula
*Baltika Kaliningrad
*CSKA Moscow
*Dynamo Moscow
*Fakel Voronezh
*Khimki
*Krasnodar
*Krylia Sovetov Samara
*Kuban Krasnodar
*Lokomotiv Moscow
*Luch-Energiya Vladivostok
*Mordovia Saransk
*FC Moskva
*Pari Nizhny Novgorod
*FC Rostov Rostov-on-Don
*Rubin Kazan
*Saturn Moscow Oblast
*Shinnik Yaroslavl
*Spartak Moscow
*Spartak Nalchik
*FC Sibir Novosibirsk
*Tambov
*Tom Tomsk
*Tosno
*Ufa
*Torpedo Moscow
*Ural Yekaterinburg
*Yenisey Krasnoyarsk
*Zenit Saint Petersburg
Ted Strickland

**Theodore** "**Ted**" **Strickland** (born August 4, 1941) was the 68th Governor of Ohio. He held the office from 2007 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Before he became Governor, he served in the United States House of Representatives for two terms (1993–1995 and 1997–2007).

## References
Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)

**Ronaldo** (born 18 September 1976) is a retired Brazilian football player. Ronaldo is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. He won two World Cups in 1994 and 2002  and the 1997 Ballon d'Or. He was an idol in his country, although at the end of his career he was decimated by injuries. AC Milan and Corinthians were his last two teams before announcing his retirement on 14 February 2011.

## Club career statistics 
## International career statistics 
|-
|1994||4||1
|-
|1995||6||3
|-
|1996||4||5
|-
|1997||20||15
|-
|1998||10||5
|-
|1999||10||7
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||13||11
|-
|2003||8||3
|-
|2004||11||6
|-
|2005||5||1
|-
|2006||7||5
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||0||0
|-
|2010||0||0
|-
|2011||1||0
|-
!Total||98||62
|}

## References 
## Other websites
*Ronaldo at Real Madrid 
*
*
Dunedin

**Dunedin** is a city in New Zealand, Ōtepoti in Maori, is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the main city of the region of Otago. The city stands on the hills and valleys surrounding the head of Otago Harbour. The harbour and hills are the remnants of an extinct volcano. It is the home of the University of Otago.

## Twinning 
Dunedin is twinned with several cities throughout the world. These include:
Japanese kickboxing

The **Japanese kickboxing** is called in English *oriental kickboxing*. According to certain people, the word "kickboxing" would have been invented, in Japan, in the years 1950 by experts of karate who needed to fight with total contact.
 ]]

In the year 1958, a man who practised kickboxing is the student of oriental languages, the Burmese Maung Gyi who studied martial arts from experts of bando in Burma and also from Gogen Yamaguchi - the grand person with special skill of karate, called "the cat". Maung Gyi fights in Japan under different names and makes the Burmese boxing (lethwei) known in time when the competitions of Japanese kickboxing happened.

## Writings of the subject
*  Alain Delmas, 1. *Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la boxe et des autres boxes*, Amiens, 1981-2005 - 2. *Lexique de combatique*, Ligue Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, 1975

### Other websites
*  "A History of Kickboxing"  by Mikes Miles historian of the American kickboxing
Lev Yashin

**Lev Yashin** (22 October 1929 – 20 March 1990) was a former Russian football player. He had played for Dynamo Moscow and Soviet Union national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time, while some even considering him to be the greatest.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
### Other statistics
* 812 career games played
* estimated to have made over 150 penalty saves during his career
* 326 games played for Dynamo Moscow main line-up (football team)
* 74 caps for the USSR national team (70 goals conceded)

**Individual**
* European Goalkeeper of the Year: 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966
*UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1960, 1964
* USSR Goalkeeper of the year: 1960, 1963, 1966
* Ballon d'Or: 1963
* *World Soccer* World XI: 1963, 1964, 1968 1964, 1965 
*European football Oscars: 1963-64 
*World XI selected by italian press. 1960, 1961 
* Order of Lenin
* Silver Olympic Order
*''Placar's* 100 Stars of the Century: #11
* FIFA World Cup All-Time Team
**Planète Foot's* All-Time Team
**World Soccer's* 100 Greatest Footballers of All Time: #11
**O Estado de São Paulo* All-Time Team
* FIFA Goalkeeper of the 20th Century
* *World Sports'' dream team of the past 20 years: 1970
* IFFHS Legends
*IFFHS World Goalkeeper of the Century
*IFFHS European Goalkeeper of the Century
* IFFHS All-time Men's Dream Team
* IFFHS All-time Europe Men's Dream Team

### Ice hockey
**Dynamo Moscow**
* Soviet Cup: 1953

## References
## Other websites 
*
League of Ireland Premier Division

The **League of Ireland Premier Division** is a football league which is the top division in the Republic of Ireland. For historic reasons, one club based in Northern Ireland, namely Derry City, plays in the Republic's league system, and is currently in the Premier Division.

## 2023 clubs
*University College Dublin
*Shamrock Rovers 
*Derry City
*St Patrick's Athletic
*Sligo Rovers 
*Dundalk
*Bohemians Dublin
*Shelbourne
*Cork City
*Drogheda United
Chlamydia infection

**Chlamydia infection** (from the Greek, χλαμύδος meaning "cloak") is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in humans. It is caused by the bacterium *Chlamydia trachomatis*. It can be treated with antibiotics. 
The term *Chlamydia infection* can also refer to infections caused by any species belonging to the bacterial family *Chlamydiaceae*. *C. trachomatis* is only in humans. Chlamydia is a major infectious cause of human genital and eye disease.

The infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in people worldwide – about 2.8 million cases of chlamydia infection occur in the United States each year. It is the most common bacterial STI in humans.

*C. trachomatis* naturally lives only inside human cells. Chlamydia can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. Many people with Chlamydia show no symptoms of infection. Between half and three-quarters of all women who have chlamydia have no symptoms and do not know that they are infected. Untreated, chlamydial infections can cause serious reproductive and other health problems with both short-term and long-term consequences.

Chlamydia conjunctivitis or **trachoma** is a common cause of blindness worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that it accounted for 15% of blindness cases in 1995, but only 3.6% in 2002.

## References
## Other websites
* Resources, symptoms list and guidelines about Chlamydia
Rafael Moreno Aranzadi

**Rafael Moreno Aranzadi** is a former football player. He has played for Spain national team.

## International career statistics
|-
|1920||5||1
|-
!Total||5||1
Paco Gento

**Francisco Gento López** (21 October 1933 &ndash; 18 January 2022) was a Spanish football player. He played for Spain national team.

## Death
Gento died in Madrid, Spain on 18 January 2022, aged 88.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Gento goal.''

## Honours
 before the 1966 European Cup Final against FK Partizan]]
**Real Madrid**
*La Liga (12): 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69
*Copa del Generalísimo: 1961–62, 1969–70
*European Cup (6): 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66
*Intercontinental Cup: 1960

;Semi-official
*Latin Cup: 1955, 1957

;Non-official
*Small Club World Cup: 1956

**Individual**
*World Soccer World XI: 1960, 1961, 1962
*Golden Foot Legends Award: 2004
*World Soccer: The 100 Greatest Footballers of All Time
*IFFHS Legends

**Records**
*Most La Liga titles: 12
*Most European Cup titles: 6
*Most European Cup final appearances: 8 (tied with Paolo Maldini)

## References
Telmo Zarra

**Pedro Telmo Zarraonandía Montoya** (20 January 1921 – 23 February 2006), known as **Telmo Zarra** (, ), is a former football player. He has played for Spain national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Zarra goal.*

## Honours
**Athletic Bilbao**
* La Liga: 1942–43
* Copa del Rey: 1943, 1944, 1944–45, 1949–50, 1955
* Copa Eva Duarte: 1950

**Individual**
* Pichichi Trophy: 1944–45, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1952–53
* Golden Pichichi Trophy: 2003

**Decorations**
* Sports Merit Medal
* Shiny gold badge of Málaga CF
* Silver badge of Deportivo de La Coruña

**Posthumous dedications**
* Zarra Trophy
* Memorial bust at Lezama training centre

**Records**
* Top scorer in the history of the Copa del Rey (81 goals)
* Top scorer in the history of Athletic Club (332 goals)
* Second most Pichichi trophies (6) 
* Most goals in a Copa del Rey Final (4 – 1950)
* Top scorer in the Basque derby vs Real Sociedad (14)
* Top scorer in *El Viejo Clásico'' vs Real Madrid (22)

## References
Emilio Butragueño

**Emilio Butragueño** (born 22 July 1963) is a former football player. He has played for Spain national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Butragueño goal.''

## Honours
**Real Madrid B**
*Segunda División: 1983–84

**Real Madrid**
*La Liga: 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95
*Copa del Rey: 1988–89, 1992–93

**Individual**
*Bravo Award: 1985, 1986
*Ballon d'Or third place: 1986, 1987
*Pichichi Trophy: 1990–91
*FIFA World Cup Silver Boot: 1986
*FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1986
*FIFA 100

## References
Tony Adams

**Tony Adams** MBE (born 10 October 1966) is an English former footballer. He has played for Arsenal and the English national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1987||6||1
|-
|1988||11||3
|-
|1989||0||0
|-
|1990||1||0
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
|1992||2||0
|-
|1993||7||0
|-
|1994||5||0
|-
|1995||6||0
|-
|1996||7||0
|-
|1997||2||0
|-
|1998||8||0
|-
|1999||6||0
|-
|2000||4||1
|-
!Total||66||5
|}

### International goals
:''Scores and results list England's goal tally first.''

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
**Arsenal**
* Football League First Division: 1988–89, 1990–91
* Premier League: 1997–98, 2001–02
* FA Cup: 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02
* European Cup Winners' Cup: 1993–94 1998

**Individual**
* PFA Young Player of the Year: 1986–87
* PFA First Division/Premier League Team of the Year: 1986–87, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97
* PFA Team of the Century (1907–2007):
** Team of the Century 1997–2007
** Overall Team of the Century
* Premier League 10 Seasons Awards: (1992–93 – 2001–02)
** Overseas Team of the Decade
** Overall Team of the Decade
** Panel choice Fantasy Teams of the 20 Seasons

## References
F.C. Dynamo Moscow

**F.C. Dynamit Moscow** is a football club which plays in Russian Premier-League.

## Titles 
## Notable players
* Lev Yashin
* Vladimir Kesarev
* Viktor Tsaryov
* Eduard Mudrik
* Gennadi Gusarov 
* Igor Chislenko
* Aleksandr Kokorin
Athletic Bilbao

**Athletic Club**, most often known in English as **Athletic Bilbao**, is a football club which plays in Spain. 

Athletic Bilbao's nickname is "Los Leones" (The Lions). This is because their stadium was built near a church named San Mamés. The church is named after Saint Mammes, an early Christian thrown to the lions by the Romans.

The club formed from a merger of two football clubs ; **Bilbao F.C.** and **Athletic Club** in 1903.

Athletic Bilbao is known for only utilizing players from the historic basque territory, which includes the Basque Country in Spain and France such as the region of Navarre.

## Rivalries 
Athletic Club has three major rivalries: Real Sociedad de San Sebastian, FC Barcelona and Real Madrid.

The Rivalry with Real Sociedad is due to the location, because both teams are from the Basque Country. The rivalry also took place because of the rule to only sign players from the basque territory, yet Real Sociedad abondoned the rule in the 1980s.

The rivalries with Real Madrid established itself because of the political circumstances. Both the Basque Country and Catalunya were had massive issues with the central goverment under Dictator Franco in Madrid, who forbid their language and traditions for a greater spanish empire. Franco heavily supported the capitals team, Real Madrid, which caused tensions with supporters of Athletic Club.

The rivalry with FC Barcelona also is a result of the Franco-era. FC Barcelona, located in Catalunya, had the same issues with the central government such as the Basque Country. As a result of this circumstance, a rivalry between the Basque Country and Catalunya happened, which translated in football. As both Athletic Club and the FC Barcelona are the most important teams of their regions, they were the protagonists for this rivalry. 

Even with Spain being democratic since Franco's in 1975, both rivalries with Real Madrid and FC Barcelona are still on-going. 

## Honours 
### National tournaments 
***La Liga**
:**Winners (8):** 1929–30, 1930–31, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1942–43, 1955–56, 1982–83, 1983–84.

:*Runners-up (7):* 1931–32, 1932–33, 1940–41, 1946–47, 1951–52, 1969–70, 1997–98.
*** Copa del Rey**
:**Winners (24):** 1903, 1904, 1910, 1911, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1921, 1923, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1943, 1944, 1944–45, 1949–50, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1969, 1972–73, 1983–84, 2023-24

:*Runners-up (16):* 1905, 1906, 1913, 1920, 1942, 1948–49, 1952–53, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1976–77, 1984–85, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2014-15, 2019-20, 2020-21.

***Supercopa de España**
:**Winners (3):** 1984*, 2015, 2021
:(* *Won Copa del Rey and La Liga* *Runners-up (3):* 1983, 2009, 2022
Copa de la Coronación (Coronation Cup)

Winners (1): 1902.
***Copa Eva Duarte**
:**Winners (1):** 1950.
:*Runners-up (1):* 1945

### International tournaments 
* UEFA Europa League

*Runners-up:*  2011-2012

## League position 
### Former position 
## References
Hugo Sánchez

**Hugo Sánchez** (born 11 July 1958) is a former Mexican football player. He has played for the Mexico national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Mexico's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Sánchez goal.''

## Managerial statistics
Last updated 17 June 2019

1Includes results from Liga MX
2Includes only results from 2000 U.S. Cup
3Includes results from Liga MX, Campeón de Campeones, 2003 Copa Libertadores, CONCACAF Champions' Cup 2005 and Trofeo Santiago Bernabeu
4Includes results from 2008 CONCACAF Men's Pre-Olympic Tournament and under-23 international friendly matches
5Includes results from La Liga, Copa del Rey and Trofeo Lagarto de Jaén
6Includes results from Liga MX and Copa MX

## Honours
### Player
**UNAM**
*Mexican Primera División: 1976–77, 1980–81
*CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1980
*Copa Interamericana: 1981

**Atlético Madrid**
*Copa del Rey: 1984–85

**Real Madrid**
*La Liga: 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90
*Supercopa de España: 1988, 1989, 1990
*Copa del Rey: 1988–89
*UEFA Cup: 1985–86

**América**
*CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1992

**Linz**
*First League: 1995–96

**Mexico**
*Pan American Games: 1975
*CONCACAF Championship: 1977

**Individual**
*Mexican Primera División Winger of the Tournament: 1977–78, 1978–79
*Mexican Primera División Golden Ball: 1978–79
*Mexican Primera División Golden Boot: 1978–79
*European Golden Shoe: 1990
*La Liga top goalscorer: 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1989–90
*Don Balón Award – Best Foreign Player: 1986–87, 1989–90
*CONCACAF Champions' Cup top goalscorer: 1992
*Best Sportist of Mexico of the 20th century
*IFFHS Best footballer of Mexico of the 20th century
*IFFHS Best footballer of CONCACAF of the 20th century
*FIFA 100: 2004
*Golden Foot Legends Award: 2010
*FIFA XI: 1982
*IFFHS Legends
*Marca Leyenda: 2018
*IFFHS CONCACAF Men's Team of All Time: 2021

### Managerial
**UNAM**
*Mexican Primera División: Clausura 2004, Apertura 2004
*Campeón de Campeones: 2004

**Mexico**
*CONCACAF Gold Cup runners-up: 2007
*Copa América third-place: 2007

**Individual**
*Mexican Primera División Manager of the Tournament: 2003–04, 2004–05
*La Liga Best Replacement Manager: 2008–09
## References
Must Get Out

"**Must Get Out**" is the 5th single by Maroon 5. The song was released in 2005 off their first album, *Songs About Jane*.
Ansel Adams

**Ansel Easton Adams** (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was a renowned American photographer and environmentalist, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West and primarily Yosemite National Park.

## Works 
### Notable photographs 
* *Monolith, The Face of Half Dome*, 1927.
* *Rose and Driftwood*, 1932.
* *Yosemite Valley, Clearing Winter Storm*, 1937 or earlier, probably 1935
* *Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico*, 1941.
* *Ice on Ellery Lake, Sierra Nevada*, 1941.
* *Winter morning, Sierra Nevada from Lone Pine*, 1944
* ''Georgia O'Keeffe and Orville Cox at Canyon de Chelly*
* *Aspens, New Mexico'', 1958.
### A few of Adams' photographs 

File:Ansel Adams - Farm workers and Mt. Williamson.jpg|Farm workers at Manzanar War Relocation Center with Mt. Williamson in the background.
File:Ansel Adams - National Archives 79-AA-E23 levels adj.jpg|Close-up of leaves *In Glacier National Park* (1942).
File:Adams The Tetons and the Snake River.jpg|*The Tetons and the Snake River* (1942).
File:Adams Boulder Dam 1942.jpg|Looking across the water at the Hoover Dam, 1941.
File:Canyon de Chelly panorama of valley from mountain.jpg|Canyon de Chelly, 1941
File:Looking_across_lake_toward_mountains,_"Evening,_McDonald_Lake,_Glacier_National_Park,"_Montana.,_1933_-_1942_-_NARA_-_519861.jpg|*Evening, McDonald Lake, Glacier National Park* (1942).
File:Adams Church Taos Pueblo.jpg|*Church, Taos Pueblo* (1942).
Dorothea Lange

**Dorothea Lange** (May 26, 1895 – October 11, 1965) was an influential American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the  Farm Security Administration (FSA).  Lange's photographs showing the United State's poor families during the Depression influenced the development of documentary photography.

Lange was born on May 26, 1895, in Hoboken, New Jersey. In 1914 Lange started her career working in the studio of photographer Arnold Genthe. She also studied with Clarence Hudson White at Columbia University.

In 1935 Lange began working for the Resettlement Administration which was later renamed the Farm Security Administration. In 1936 she took her best-known photograph *Migrant Mother*. 

Lange died on October 11, 1965, in San Francisco, California.

## Notable works 

Image:Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg|Lange's *Migrant Mother*
Image:JapaneseAmericansChildrenPledgingAllegiance1942.jpg|Children at the Weill public school in San Francisco in April 1942, prior to the internment of Japanese Americans.
Image:JapaneseAmericanGrocer1942.jpg|A Japanese American unfurled this banner the day after the Pearl Harbor attack; Lange photographed it in March 1942, just prior to his internment.

## References 
## Other websites
Gilf el-Kebir

**Gif el-Kebir** is a large plateau in Egypt. The name can be translated as *the great barrier*. It is located in trhe extreme south-east of Egypt, next ot Lybia and Sudan. It has about the same size as Switzerland. It rises 300 m above the rest of the desert. The plateau is very arid and difficult to access. 
There is a crater called *Kebir crater* in the plateau.

The Uweinat mountain range at the very south of the plateau is shared between Egypt, Libya and Sudan.

Wadis:

* Akhdar 
* Bakht 
* Dayiq 
* Firaq 
* Gazayir 
* Maftuh 
* Mashi 
* Wassa 

The Gilf Kebir is mentioned in Michael Ondaatje's novel 'The English Patient'. It was also the site of the recent discovery of a bag which had been lost in the Second World War by a dispatch rider (Alec Ross) of the Long Range Desert Group, part of the British Army. This contained the rider's personal letters and photographs, and had been well preserved.

## Petroglyphs
The Gilf Kebir is known for its prehistoric (Neolithic) petroglyphs

* Karkur Talh and Karkur Murr: major eastern valleys of the Uweinat contain one of the richest concentrations of rock art in the whole Sahara.
* Western Uweinat: Shelters under the huge granite boulders in the western Uweinat contain numerous paintings, including the famous sites of Ain Doua.
* Jebel Arkenu, Jebel Kissu & Yerguehda Hill, the lesser granite massifs around Uweinat have many smaller sites.
* Mogharet el Kantara in the southern Gilf Kebir contains only one known rock art site, a cave  discovered by Shaw & party in 1936.
* Wadi Sora in the northwestern Gilf Kebir: the "Cave of Swimmers" (or Swimmers' Cave), discovered by the Hungarian Count László Almásy (*The English Patient*), plus many other paintings nearby.
*The North-western half of the Gilf Kebir aside from Wadi Sora has only a few scattered engravings, of an apparently very ancient age.
*In January 2003, Zarzora Expeditions and Jacopo Foggini independently announced the discovery of a major new rock art site in the Western Gilf Kebir (Foggini-Mestekawi Cave).

## Other websites
*google map
*Libyan Rock Art Documentation Project
*McOran E-Cards based on the 'Cave of Swimmers'
*'WW11 Army Bag is found in Desert'