open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Portable

Something that is **portable** can be carried or easily moved.  The word **portable** may also refer to:
* Portable building, a manufactured building that is built off site and moved in upon completion of site and utility work
* Portable classroom, a temporary building installed on the grounds of a school to provide additional classroom space where there is a shortage of capacity
* Portable toilet, a modern, portable, self-contained outhouse manufactured of moulded plastic

In **computing**:
* Portable object (computing), a distributed computing term for an object which can be accessed through a normal method call while possibly residing in memory on another computer
* Portable software, software that can easily be ported to multiple platforms
* Portable applications, applications that do not require any kind of installation onto a computer, and can store data in the program's directory

In **electronics**:
* Portable communications device, a wearable or handheld device
* Portable audio player, a personal electronic device that allows the user to listen to recorded or broadcast audio whilst being mobile
* Portable computer, a computer that is designed to be moved from one place to another
** *Compaq Portable* series (1982–?)
** *Apricot Portable* (1984)
** *IBM Portable* (1984)
** *Macintosh Portable* (1989–1991) from Apple Computer
* Handheld game console, a lightweight, portable electronic machine for playing video games

In **music**:
* *Portable Life*, a 1999 album by Danielle Brisebois

*Portable, Nigerian singer
## Related pages 
* Portability
Daily Mail

The ***Daily Mail*** is a large, well-known newspaper. It started in 1896. It is published every weekday and Saturday from a factory in London, England. It is not printed on Sundays. Its sister paper, the *Mail on Sunday*, is printed instead.

It is the second-most sold newspaper in the United Kingdom. It sells more than a million copies a day. Its political opinion is right-wing, and it supports the Conservative Party in elections. The newspaper is available in many countries outside the United Kingdom, such as Egypt and the US. There is a different Scottish edition of the newspaper, which is sold in Scotland only and differs mainly in the Sport pages. There is also an Irish version of the newspaper, but the main international version is the English one.

It is the main publication of the Daily Mail and General Trust, but the company also prints the *Evening Standard*, *London Lite* and *Metro* newspapers in the UK.

People are often critical of The *Daily Mail, *because a lot of people think it's racist and sexist. Sources also state that it is unreliable  and that it publishes inaccurate scare stories about science and medical research.

Politically the Daily Mail is right-wing. It has endorsed the Conservative Party at every UK general election since 1945, apart from the October 1974 general election, where it endorsed a Liberal and Conservative coalition.

The *Daily Mail* was first published by Lord Northclife in 1896. It started as a broadsheet. It is now a tabloid.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Rhine River

of the River Rhine]]

The **Rhine River** (, , ) is  long. Its name comes from the Celtic word "*renos*", which means 'raging flow'.

The Rhine is an important waterway.  can be used by ships, and boats can go to the Black Sea using the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. Many goods are transported over the Rhine, and the Rhine valley is also an important wine producing region. The river Rhine begins at *Tomasee*, a lake in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland, and runs through Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands. It is the border between Switzerland and Liechtenstein and also the border between Germany and France. It is also the border between Switzerland and Austria. It is also the border between the Netherlands and Germany. It is the border between France and Switzerland. It runs through Basel, Bonn, Cologne and Duisburg. It also separates the cities of Mainz and Wiesbaden. The Rhine has 50 species of fish. The Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe.

## Geography 
The river runs through only one lake on its way, Lake Constance, which is on the border of Switzerland, Germany and Austria.

The middle Rhine has many castles.  Robber barons used some of them during the 15th–18th centuries.  When the Industrial Revolution hit Europe, factories set up along its banks and emptied their waste into the River.  The Salmon left and other fish became rare.  After World War II, the Rhine Action Programme was set up to boost the Rhine's wildlife and reduce the pollution there.

Together with the Danube it formed most of the northern frontier of the Roman Empire.  

File:Lai da Tuma,Tumalake on 2,345 metres.JPG|Rhine start at Tomasee.
File:Aerial image of the mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance.jpg|Rhine flows into Lake Constance
File:Chutes du rhin.jpg|Rhine Falls at Schaffhausen
File:Rivieren 4.46933E 51.88083N.jpg|Rhine flows into the North Sea seen from space 

## List of features 
### Cities near the Rhine 
These are large cities that are found near the Rhine:

**Switzerland:**

* Basel

**France:**

* Strasbourg

**Germany:**

* Karlsruhe
* Mannheim
* Ludwigshafen
* Wiesbaden
* Mainz
* Koblenz
* Bonn
* Cologne
* Leverkusen
* Neuss
* Düsseldorf
* Krefeld (Uerdingen)
* Duisburg

**Netherlands:**

* Arnhem (Nederrijn)
* Nijmegen (Waal)
* Utrecht (Kromme Rijn)
* Rotterdam (Nieuwe Maas)

Smaller cities that are found near the Rhine:

**Switzerland**

* Chur
* Kreuzlingen
* Schaffhausen

**Liechtenstein:**

* Vaduz

**Germany:**

* Konstanz
* Breisach
* Speyer
* Worms
* Bingen am Rhein
* Rüdesheim am Rhein
* Neuwied
* Andernach
* Bad Honnef
* Königswinter
* Niederkassel
* Wesseling
* Dormagen
* Zons
* Monheim am Rhein
* Wesel
* Xanten
* Emmerich am Rhein

**Netherlands:**

* Zutphen (IJssel)
* Deventer (IJssel)
* Zwolle (IJssel)
* Kampen (IJssel)
* Leiden (Oude Rijn)
* Dordrecht (Merwede)
* Wageningen (Nederrijn)
* Woerden (Oude Rijn)
* Wijk bij Duurstede (Neder Rijn / Kromme Rijn / Lek)
* Alphen aan den Rijn (Oude Rijn)

## References
## Related pages 
*Rhenium
Winery

A **winery** is a place or business that makes wine. It has developed and changed for thousands of years. In wine's journey along the centuries and around the world, winery has changed, and all ends in wine production today. 

## Process 
The first wine-like beverage was made in around 7000 bc, in China. This is considered wine, because the beverage follows the basic rules of winery. These are to follow a certain chemistry of yeast and glucose. Glucose (C6H12O6), a certain type of 'sugar', is consumed by yeast, the fermentation tool. Glucose is from the grapes. Then, the yeast slowly converts them to ethanol (C2H5OH), carbon dioxide (CO2), latic acid (HC3H5O3), hydrogen (H), and energy. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen is not used. The latic acid can be used for cheese another time. The energy is consumed by the yeast, and lastly the remaining water and ethanol is for our wine. 
 of glucose ]]
There are different types of grapes, yeast, and climate for the grapes to grow, so vintners (people who make wine) have a hard time choosing and experimenting on different flavours of wine.There were many processes too, in the old times. In ancient Egypt, slaves or workers crushed juice out of grapes, and put them in pots and jars. The juice is left to ferment. In some ancient wineries, grapes were fermented with wild yeast, which is already on grapes without human activity. Other wineries use selected yeast, which are cultivated by humans. 

## Spread 
Wine-like beverages were first recorded in China. But 'true wine' began in ancient Persia (modern-day middle east).for the storage of wine in a smaller container that is easier to carry. Nowadays, wine is made in many major countries by the tonnes, and people drink the beverage almost everywhere. 

## Culture 
Wine was very impressive and rare. In Assyria, peasants and other people considered 'normal' were not allowed to drink wine. Only the king and other important dignitaries drink wine. In feasts, celebrations and religious rites, the poor watched the magestic liquid full of fragance draining down the throat of their powerful leader. But the poor were not really jealous; they had beer in their hands. 

Soon, when wine began spreading everywhere, everyone began to drink it too. It appears in many religious myths and scripts too. In Persian legends, it was said that a women fired by the king decided to commit suicide (kill herself), and tried this by drinking a beverage. She thought that it was poison, but found it delicious; it was wine. She brought it to the king, and the king became intoxicated. He then ordered all grapes in his empire should be converted to wine. 

## Related pages
* Vineyard
* Wine 
* Beer 
* Ethanol 
* Fermentation 
* Grapes 
* Yeast

## References
Anti-tank dog

**Anti-tank dogs** were dogs with explosives placed on their backs. These dogs were trained to run under enemy tanks. The explosives were then remotely detonated in order to destroy the target tank. 

These dogs were trained by the Soviet Union during World War II to be used against German armored vehicles. They were trained on Russian tanks, which used diesel fuel. In battle, the dogs often ran toward the smell of diesel fuel from the Soviet tanks instead of the intended German targets. 

The German Army soon learned about the dogs, so all Russian dogs were shot on sight by the Germans. Very few dogs remained in the Eastern Front as a result of this.

After the war better weapons against tanks were made. Therefore, it is unlikely that anti-tank dogs will ever be used again.
Huddersfield

**Huddersfield** is a big town in the Metropolitan borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It was famous for its cloth industry, and where Rugby League football started.

Huddersfield was the birthplace for the Labour Party prime minister, Harold Wilson. It is also known for its football team, who were the first team to win the Football League first division title three years in a row (1924-26).

Huddersfield had 162,949 residents at the 2011 census. It sits close to the Pennines,  south-west of Leeds,  west of Wakefield,  north-west of Sheffield and  north-east of Manchester. 

The River Holme discharges into the River Colne. They were tapped for steam turbines and textile treatment in the large weaving sheds.

## References
Canterbury

**Canterbury** is a city in Kent, England. It is about  from London. It was made famous by a book called *The Canterbury Tales*. It is also famous for Canterbury Cathedral. Thomas Becket was assassinated by knights who came from Sandlings.
## Transportation
There are two railway stations in the city; Canterbury East and Canterbury West. The A2 road passes near the city. It goes west to London and south-east to Dover.
## Education
The city has an estimated 31,000 students. This is the highest student/permanent resident ratio in the UK. There are three universities, and several other higher education institutions and colleges. At the 2001 census, 22% of the population aged&nbsp;16–74 were full-time students, compared with 7% throughout England. The three universities: the University of Kent, Canterbury Christ Church University, and the University for the Creative Arts.
## Sports
The St Lawrence Ground is the home ground of Kent County Cricket Club. It has hosted several One Day Internationals, including one England match during the 1999 Cricket World Cup.

## History 
The Canterbury area has been lived in since prehistoric times. Paleolithic stone axes, and Neolithic and Bronze Age pots have been found in the area. Canterbury was once the main settlement of the Celtic tribe of the Cantiaci, which lived in most of modern-day Kent. In the 1st century AD, the Romans captured the settlement and named it Durovernum Cantiacorum. The Romans rebuilt the city, with new streets in a grid pattern, a theatre, a temple, a forum, and public baths. Its position on Watling Street on route to the major Kentish ports of Rutupiae (now Richborough), Dubrae (now Dover), and Lemanae (now Lymne) made it important.

## References
Second language

A **second language** is a language that a person learns in addition to their first language. A second language may be learned in a formal or informal way, such as at school or in a family. A person may speak two or more second languages. 

Adults do not learn languages the same way that children do. Learning a second language is difficult for adults, who rarely speak it as well as their native language because it is much easier for children to learn a second language.

Some children have native multilingualism and so speak several languages, such as by living in a foreign country or having a father speaking a different language from their mother.

## Other websites
*Asha

## References
Javier Solana

**Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga** (born July 14, 1942 in Madrid) is a Spanish physicist, politician and diplomat.

He is the former Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and also the former European Union foreign policy chief.

Solana was studying in both the United Kingdom and the United States before returning to Spain with Nicolás Cabrera, and becoming a professor of solid state physics in the Complutense University.

Having already joined the banned PSOE left-wing party in 1964, he became one of its leaders when it became legal in 1977. He became a Cabinet Minister, serving first as Minister for Culture and party spokesman, then Minister for Education, then Minister for Foreign Affairs, before being made NATO boss in December 1995, just as the Dayton agreement saw the IFOR NATO peacekeeping mission enter the former Yugoslavia. He was also involved in the Kosovo bombings, and the negotiations that led to an eventual peace.

In March 2020, Solana tested positive for COVID-19.

## References
Lansing, Michigan

**Lansing** is the capital city of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is about 1 to 2 hours west of Detroit. It is in the center of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.

Most of the city is in Ingham County, but parts are in Eaton and Clinton counties. As of the 2020 census, 112,644 people lived in Lansing. This makes it the sixth largest city in Michigan. The metropolitan area has 541,297 people, the third largest in Michigan after Detroit and Grand Rapids. 

Lansing became Michigan's capital in 1847, ten years after Michigan became a state. It is an important center for education, government, business, and culture. The city is home to the Michigan State Capitol, the Michigan Supreme Court, and other major state offices. Neighboring East Lansing has Michigan State University, one of the largest universities in the U.S., with over 50,000 students.

Lansing is the only U.S. state capital that is not a county seat. The county seat of Ingham County is Mason, but some county offices are in Lansing.

The landscape is flat. There is a lot of agriculture.

## References
## Other websites
Parody

used by the Google Android operating system.]]
A **parody** is a special piece of art.

Parodies make fun of another piece of art by mocking it.

The parody is an imitation of the original, but exaggerating it, showing clichés which have been used, to make the original look ridiculous or to make a comment about an issue affecting society.

For example, in a serious Western movie, the good guys always seem to shoot better and faster than the bad guys. In a Western parody, this might be exaggerated by showing a good guy firing a single shot, and a dozen of the bad guys falling from their horses as a result.

Mel Brooks is a director who has made many movies which are parodies:

* *Blazing Saddles* is a parody of Western movies in general,
* *Spaceballs* is a parody of the *Star Wars* movies, and science fiction in general,
* *Men in Tights* is a parody of *Robin Hood* movies,

The website Uncyclopedia is also a parody of Wikipedia.

Parodies can be anything from songs to poems to books to movies.

A movie that makes a parody of another movie or several movies at once is a parody movie. 

Newspaper columnists are well known for their strip cartoons which can very often parody public opinion on major issues affecting society, such as the recent credit crunch.

## Related pages 
* Irony
* Satire
* Parody mass
Fact

A **fact** is a statement that is real or true, or a thing that can be *shown* to be real or true. That is its core meaning, though the word has a long history, and has been used in many ways. 

A fact is something that has really happened or is actually the case. The usual test for a statement of fact is whether it can be shown to be true. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by careful observation or measurement (by experiments or other means).

## Facts as statements 
A fact is a statement (a claim) about something that is true. A fact can answer questions like, "what color is it?" or "who made that?"

An opinion is different from a fact. But you can say facts about a person's opinion. For example, someone can ask a question like "What is Alice's opinion about the book?" You can answer this question with a fact, for example "Alice said she likes the book." Then it is a fact that Alice *says* she likes the book. But maybe Alice does not like the book. So it is not a fact that Alice likes the book, but it is a fact that Alice *says* she likes the book.

One way to learn a fact is if a person can help you see it. For example, if you ask, "do you have my book?" To answer this question, a person can let you see your book. Then you can know it is a fact that this person has your book.

### Examples of fact statements 
These examples show that there are facts of different kinds.
* Your heart pumps blood through your body.
* Africa is a continent.
* There are more men than women in the world.
* The leaves of growing plants are usually green.
* Some people keep dogs as pets.
* 1 litre of water weighs 1 kilogram on Earth.
* There are 50 states in the United States.

### False statements 
* Water always comes from the sky.
* Dogs are made of bone.

## Scientific theories 
A scientific theory is knowledge of important facts about a natural thing. The facts in a scientific theory have evidence that shows that the fact is not false. 

A person who understands the scientific method can test to see if the facts of a scientific theory are correct. When statements have been tested and shown to be not false, they may be "true". The facts of each scientific theory have usually been questioned and tested by many people. Because of this, we know that the knowledge of a scientific theory is fact and not opinion. Examples of scientific theories include the theory of relativity and the theory of evolution. More simply, it is a fact that the Earth goes around the Sun (and not vice versa). This took so long to establish because a leading religious body had the reverse opinion (see articles on Galileo and Copernicus for the story). Now we can say that there is a difference between statements of fact, and opinions or claimed truths of religion. *The difference is in the way disputes about the truth are decided*.

## References
Shot put

**Shot put** is an athletics sport where people try to "put" a heavy weighted ball as far as they can. They are not allowed to throw it, but instead they push the ball out into the air. They "put" the ball by holding it at their neck and pushing it through the air.  The shot put has been part of the Olympics since 1896. The weight of the ball can vary from 6 to 16 pounds (2.76 to 7.26&nbsp;kg), depending on level age and gender of the participants. The main objective of the sport is to throw the ball as far as possible.

The shot put is similar to the javelin. It is an official Olympic event and can be seen at the Olympic games. The athlete cannot wear gloves when they are participating. If wearing gloves, the athlete would be disqualified.

It is an outdoor event and cannot be played inside. It is a track and field event.

## History 
The first evidence for stone- or weight-throwing events were in the Scottish Highlands, and date back to the first century. In the 16th century King Henry VIII was noted for his prowess in court competitions of weight and hammer throwing.

## Throwing technique 
There are two types of putting styles: *glide* and *spin* (rotation). The glide was invented in the US in the year 1876. The spin was also developed in the US. It was invented by Parry O'Brian and made famous by Brian Oldfield.

## Rules 
#The athlete must only use one hand and it must not drop below the shoulder or it could cause damage.
#The athlete can be disqualified for leaving the circle before the shot hits the ground, or leaving the sector lines.
#The athlete must not put a foot past the toe board, or it is a disqualification.
#The athlete must not take longer than 60.00 seconds to take a shot; it is compulsory to put the shot in the given time.

## History 
Shot put was originally used in the Olympics to see who was the strongest athlete. Each athlete threw from a wooden square, and could only stand to throw. The shot put was a large stone ball. That is now a metal ball not softer than brass.

## Warm up 
### Under hand toss
#Stand facing landing area. 
#Hold shot in front of body with both hands. 
#Bend knees and throw shot up and out, away from body, using an underhand toss.

### Chest pass
#Stand facing landing area. 
#Hold shot with both hands with fingers behind shot. 
#Push shot out like a basketball chest pass.

## Record holders 
*Cameron George, 23.12m United Kingdom 2013
*Natalya Lisovskaya, 22.63m RUS 1987
*Mark Robinson, 24.60m USA 2009

## References
Magic

**Magic** can mean:

*Magic (illusion), tricks that fool people into thinking they see something they really did not see
*"Magic" (Pilot song), a song by the Scottish band Pilot
*Apotropaic magic, protection against harmful influences
*Black magic
*Magic: The Gathering, a collectible card game
*Witchcraft, the action of using magic powers
*Orlando Magic, an American professional basketball team
Victim

**Victim** is a word for someone suffering from bad conditions, often related to crimes committed against them. If someone is robbed, he or she is a victim. If someone is killed, the person is a victim.

## Victim blaming
Victim blaming refers to the act of saying that it is the victim's fault that a crime was committed against them.

## Related pages
* Rape
* Genocide
* Holocaust victims
* Child sexual abuse
Hitchhiking

**Hitchhiking** is a way to end travel from place to place in someone else's vehicle.. Usually, a hitchhiker (a person who hitchhikes) will stand at the side of a road and hold his or her thumb in the air waiting for a passing driver to stop and pick them up. This is a sign that he or she wants to go somewhere else.

It was a very common way of traveling in Europe in the 1970s until increased vehicle ownership/affordability.. Fears of drivers and hitchhikers alike as depicted in popular culture and media and likely have also contributed to its decline. 

The legal status of hitchhiking varies by country. 

## Signaling Methods 
In western European countries, raise their arm, extend their thumb and face traffic on the side of the road. This may be paired with a cardboard sign stating their intended direction or destination. 

## Legal status 
The legal status of hitchhiking varies by country and state. Hitchhiking on highways or motorways is illegal in many countries, and some states explicitly ban it. 

## Community 
In recent years, hitchhikers have made efforts to strengthen the community through websites and events such as Hitchwiki, Tramprennen and other events. 

## Other websites 
* The Hitchhiker's Guide to Hitchhiking - a wiki project to collect information about hitchhiking
* Anhalterfreunde  - Information all about hitchhiking (English and German language)
* Liftershalte.info  - a worldmap with hitching places.
* hitchbase.com  - Database with hitchhing places
* Abgefahren e.V.  - the first German Autostop Society; ideas, tips, projects,..
International Women's Day

'''International Women's Day''' is celebrated every year on March 8.  International Women's Day has been observed since 1909 in the United States.  After a while the people of United States stopped celebrating this holiday. In the 1920s Soviet Union, and then some other Communist countries like China and Cuba, started celebrating this day as a holiday for women and world peace. Since then the holiday has become more and more popular around the world.

In many places, the day does not have a political aspect, and is simply a time for men to express their love for women. It is similar to a mixture of Mother's Day and Valentine's Day. Men present their mothers, wives, girlfriends, colleagues, etc. with flowers and small gifts. In some countries International Women's Day is observed like Mother's Day, where children give small gifts to their mothers and grandmothers. In some countries, women get a half day off work. Often, schools will have a celebration where students will honor their teachers.

In 1975, the United Nations also started to recognize this holiday for women's rights and gender equality. The UN chooses a political or social theme for the holiday each year.  For example, the 2011 theme was ""Equal access to education, training and science and technology: Pathway to decent work for women." and the 2020 theme is "Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world". In this way, the holiday is a time to look at the social and economic problems women have around the world.

International Women's Day is now an official holiday in Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Georgia, Italy, Israel, Laos, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.

## Other websites
## Other page 
*Women's History Month
*Women's rights movement
Beirut

**Beirut** is the capital of Lebanon. It is one of the richest and oldest continuously inhabited cities of the world. It is on a hilly promontory on the eastern Mediterranean surrounded to the east by the snow-capped mountains of Lebanon. It was a cultural center of the Arab World, a major international financial, banking and media center and was called the Switzerland of the Middle East. It was called the Paris of the Middle East.

## Gallery

Image:Beirut_sunset(5).jpg|Sunset in Beirut, Lebanon
Image:Beirut.jpg|View from bickfaya, Beirut, Lebanon
Image:Beirut Downtown.jpg|Beirut Downtown, Lebanon

## References
* Linda Jones Hall, *Roman Berytus: Beirut in Late Antiquity,* 2004.
* Samir Kassir, *Histoire de Beyrouth,* Fayard 2003.
* Richard Talbert, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, (), p.&nbsp;69.

## Other websites 

* Official website of Beirut 
* Downtown Beirut 
* Discover Lebanon - Beirut photos and images, virtual tour, Allenby street, parliament, museum
Nancy Ajram

**Nancy Ajram** or **Nancy Agram** (, born 16 May 1980) is a popular Lebanese singer. Her musical videos, directed by Nadine Labaki, also Lebanese, revolutionized the Arab music industry.

She had quite a normal childhood with her small family that consisted of her parents, her sister and brother and herself. But when Nancy Ajram was 12, she participated in a television program called "Nojoum Al Mostakbal" (which means "Stars of the Future") and actually won first prize. Soon after, Ajram began studying music under the supervision of some of the finest teachers in her country. When she turned 18, she joined the Syndicate of Professional Artists in Lebanon - after they made an exception because of her age. 

Her first album; *Mehtagalak*, was released in 1995 and marked her first official step in the world of show business. But, it took the young singer another 3 years to launch her second album Shil Eyounak Aney in 1998. Then her true hit came with her third album Ya Salam in 2000. The singer stressed the success of the album by shooting four of its songs; Akhasmak Ah, Ya Salam, Yay - Sehr Eyounoh and Nasseto Gar7o in the form of video clips. The clips were a tremendous hit and gained popularity in such a short time and gave the singer incredible fame in the Arab world. 

Her most popular album is Ah we Nos which was released in 2001. Nancy shot again four video clips for this Album. Ah w Noss, Lawn Oyounak, Oul Tani Eih and Enta Eih.

As for other activities besides singing, the Lebanese diva has agreed to be the spokesperson for the international soft drink company Coca-Cola. After signing the contract with Nancy Ajram, Coca-Cola sold much more drinks in the Arab world.

On 25 July 2022, Ajram's single "Sah Sah" became the first Arabic language song to enter Billboard's Dance/Electronic songs featuring American DJ Marshmello.

## Discography 
;Studio albums
* *Mihtagalak* (1995)
* *Sheel Oyoonak Anni* (1998)
* *Ya Salam* (2000) 
* *Ah W Noss* (2001)
* *Ya Tabtab...Wa Dallaa* (2003)
* *Shakhbat Shakhabit* (2004)
* *Betfakkar Fi Eih* (2005)
* *Nancy 7* (2007)
* *Super Nancy* (2009)
* *Nancy 8* (2011)
* *Nancy 9 (Hassa Beek)* (2014)
* *Nancy 10* (2018)

## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Second Official website 
* Nancy Ajram Zone 
* Nancy Ajram VideoClips 
* Popular FanPage 
* Listen to all Nancy ajram songs
Sword

]]

A **sword** is a hand-held weapon made for cutting.  It is often made of metal. It has a long blade, and a handle called a hilt.  Often there is some form of hand protection, such as a cross-guard or a basket. It can be used either for cutting, slashing or stabbing, depending on the type of sword.

Swords were first created from bronze by blacksmiths in Ancient Egypt in 1150 BCE. Soon other cultures adopted them, and they began to spread quite quickly. Before guns were invented, swords were much more common as a weapon. After the invention of the gun, swords remained as *sidearms*, as secondary weapons used in man-to-man fight once the battle lines had contacted after shooting. Since after the American Civil War, swords have not been used as much by armies, except as a ceremonial part of uniforms. Some guns, however, have bayonets to perform the same function.

Today, Sport fencing, is an Olympic games sport which uses very light swords and a strict scoring system. Western Martial Arts use swords that are much closer to the original blades, such as longswords, rapiers and sabres. The blades used are blunt, but they are much heavier than a sport fencing sword, which means the fencers need much more armour. Likewise, the Japanese sport kendo is swordplay in armour with two-handed bamboo swords called shinai.

## Types of swords
There are many kinds of swords.  One kind of sword is a *sabre* (or *saber*). A sabre is a curved, light sword, sharpened on one side and at the tip, and was generally used on horseback.  A *broadsword* is a straight sword that is sharp on both sides and at the tip. A rapier is long and thin, with a basket protecting the hand. Another type of sword is a *foil*, used in sport fencing, and is long and thin, with a button at the tip to protect the fencers from injury. Larger swords, such as Longswords or claymores are used with two hands. In Eastern martial Arts, swords like the Katana are used. A Katana has one sharp edge and a small guard near the handle. Some Katanas are used with one hand, while other larger versions are used with two hands.

## Famous swords
The sword of King Arthur, Excalibur, is one of the most famous swords, although it is suspected it is legendary and does not exist.

In a Vietnamese legend, the Dragon King gives a sword called Heaven's Will to Emperor Lê Lợi so he can free Vietnam from the Chinese.

The Frisian freedom fighters Pier Gerlofs Donia and Wijerd Jelckama are known to have wielded swords of great size. Donias sword was a long as 210&nbsp;cm (seven feet) and weighed 7&nbsp;kg (15&nbsp;lbs). The swords are kept in the Frisian Museum in Leeuwarden.

## References
Canaan

of Canaan made in 1692 AD.]]**Canaan** was an ancient region in the Levant. In the Bible, it was the land promised to Abraham and his children by God.

## History
The Canaanites lived in the area from about 2,000 BC until the time of the Bible. The area covers part of the area that is now Israel, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon.

## Related pages
* Torah
* Levant
* Iron Age
* Israelites
* Bronze Age
## References
Cotopaxi

**Mount Cotopaxi** is a volcano in Ecuador. The mountain's altitude (height) is . That is high enough for snow to fall on it, even though it is near the equator (a very warm part of the world). If the volcano erupted, it would be very bad for the people living around it because of the destruction and damage it could cause.

**Cotopaxi** began showing new activity. As of 25 June 2015, it was under active watch by the National Polytechnic School Geophysics Institute.

The Geophysics Institute at the National Polytechnic School in Quito houses an international team of seismologists and volcanologists whose responsibility is to monitor Ecuadors numerous active volcanoes
and the constant seismic activity in the Andean Volcanic Belt and the Galapagos Islands.

## References
Prophet

, the most important prophet in Judaism]]

**Prophets** are people who said that God or gods talked to them. They freely teach other people what they learned. Most of them warn people that something very good will happen if they live good lives. Or if they sin, God will punish them. Sometimes people who are not religious are also called prophets if they correctly predict the future. Persons who think bad things  will happen are sometimes made fun of as being "prophets of doom". A person who says things will happen, but they don't happen are called "false prophets". 

There are prophets in Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Mormonism, Sanamahism, Zoroastrianism, and in other religions. 

For the main Abrahamic religions, there are two kinds of prophets, major and minor. Major prophets gave a lot of teachings while minor prophets do not have many teachings. Isaiah and Elijah are also important. Elijah didn't write any books in the Bible but did many miracles and told kings that God would punish them. 

In Christianity, Jesus was the main prophet. Other Christian prophets are mentioned in the New Testament, both men and women. John, a disciple of Jesus wrote the Book of Revelation which has many prophecies.  

In Islam, Muhammad is considered the last prophet. Muslims also consider Moses and Jesus to be prophets and many others who lived before the time of Muhammed. Some modern religions say that their founder is a prophet, such as Joseph Smith.

## Related pages
* Nevi'im
*Isaiah
*John the Baptist
* Oracle
* Prophecy
* Prophets of Islam

## References
Israelites

**Israelites** were Semitic people of the ancient Middle East.
## Overview
The Israelites lived in part of what was Canaan during the time of the Bible. This area came to be called the Land of Israel. It usually refers to a member of one of the Tribes of Israel. The term **Children of Israel** is also used, especially when talking about the period of the Five Books of Moses.
## History
Israelites lived in the United Kingdom of Israel, where the modern State of Israel is situated. The kingdom later split into the Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of Judah, whose descendants have been called Jews ever since.
### Conquests by foreign empires
The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Assyrians in 721 BCE. Judah was conquered by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. Many Jews were taken hostage from Judah. When the Achaemenid Empire defeated the Babylonians they let the Jews return to rebuild the Second Temple in Jerusalem about 70 years later.
## Related pages
* Levant
* History of Jews
* History of ancient Israel and Judah
* History of Jews in the Arabian Peninsula
## References
Fairuz

**Fairuz** (born **Nouhad Haddad** (, November 21, 1934) is a Lebanese singer. She is considered among the best singers in Arab world. She has been performing for over 50 years all over the world. Her vocal range is mezzo-soprano. Her first album was released in 1952. She has released 98 more albums since then.

## Early Life
Nuhad Haddad was born in 1935 in Beirut, Lebanon to a Lebanese Christian Maronite family. She was the eldest child in the family. Her father worked as a  at a print shop. In 1940's, Mohammed Flayfel, a musician and a teacher at the Lebanese Conservatory, discovered her when he was searching different schools for singers to perform in a newly opened radio station. He attended a show at the school where Nuhad was to sing. He was very impressed with her voice and adviced her family to  her in his conservatory. Her father allowed her to be enrolled but only on a condition that her brother would also go with her. Flayfel along with other staff at Lebanese Conservatory trained her for 5 years. She began singing for the Palestinian Cause and also sang for various Arab Capitals including Beirut. Soon, she was hired at the National Radio Station as a Chorus singer. During that time, many singers used stage names. Halim Al-Rumi, who wrote songs for her, recommended that Nahud Haddad perform under the name **Fairuz**, which means "turquoise" in Arabic, which she accepted. in 1954, she married Assi Rahbani, who was a policeman and a part time composer.
 
## References
## Other Websites
* About Fairuz at American University of Beirut.
Bali

**Bali** () is an island and a province in Indonesia. The province includes the island of Bali and a few other islands. About 4,300,000 people live in Bali. Bali's most important city is Denpasar. Hinduism is Bali's largest religion. More than 90% of its people are Hindus. Textiles and garments are 45% of their exports. The currency in Bali is the Indonesian rupiah (IDR). The literacy rate for Bali is 95%. The current governor is now held by Sang Madé Mahendra Jaya.  Bali earns 6.5 billion dollars as part of its revenue. Its population consists of about 4.3 million people.

## Tourism 
Bali is a popular place for tourists. They have many historic temples and rice fields. Bali is commonly known for its topography and views.  and volcanoes. Hindu ceremonies, shadow puppet shows, and traditional dance are also popular as part of tradition in Bali. 

* **Sekumpul Waterfall**: This Balinese waterfall is in the north of Bali.
* **Tegallang Rice Terrace**: These rice paddies are near Ubud. 
* **Pura Luhur Uluwatu Temple**: This temple is on a steep cliff on the Indian Ocean coast.
* **Kuta Beach**: Kuta is one of the most popular beaches in Bali.

## Geography 
Bali is a volcanic island. The two main volcanos are Mount Agung and Mount Batur. Mount Agung is sacred to the Balinese people. Bali is around 5,590 square kilometers large.

Mount Agung is an active volcano, with a deep, large crater. Sometimes smoke and ash comes out of the crater. The last major eruptions occurred in November 2017. References
Flag of the People's Republic of China

The **Flag of China** has one big star and four small yellow stars on a red background.

## Other websites 
* Chinese-flag.org
The Prince

***The Prince*** is a book written by Niccolò Machiavelli, who lived in the city of Florence in the country of Italy. The book was published in 1513. It is the most famous book by Niccolò Machiavelli. In it, he gives advice about politics and ruling. 

While he gives advice for kings who inherit their rule, he focuses on new rulers who have just became rulers.

Machiavelli says that a king who inherits his rule does not need to do much to stay in power, unless someone uses a lot of force to remove him. But a new ruler has a harder job. First, he must make his rule stable and then build a strong government.

Machiavelli also says that rulers should not always try to be good. He believes that the usual virtues (like kindness or honesty) can make a ruler prone to danger. Instead, a ruler must learn to act in the opposite way when needed to keep his state.

A ruler should care about his reputation, but also be ready to use cruelty when necessary. Machiavelli says it is better for a ruler to be feared than loved. People obey a feared ruler because they are afraid of punishment.

He also says that rulers might need to use violence or trickery, even killing powerful families, to stop threats to their royal authority.

## References
## Other websites 
* **Il Principe** (HTML e-book)
* **The Prince Book ** Read the book online or download for free. Suitable for e-readers
Round

**Round** or **rounds** may refer to:

## Mathematics and science
* The contour of a closed curve or surface with no sharp corners, such as an ellipse, circle, rounded rectangle, or sphere
* Rounding, the shortening of a number to reduce the number of significant figures it contains
* Round number, a number that ends with one or more zeroes
* Roundness (geology), the smoothness of clastic particles

## Music
* Round (music), a type of musical composition
* *Rounds* (album), a 2003 album by Four Tet

## Places
* Round Point, a point on the north coast of King George Island, South Shetland Islands
* Grand Rounds Scenic Byway, a parkway system in Minneapolis 
* Rounds Mountain, a peak in the Taconic Mountains, United States
* Round Mountain (disambiguation), several places

## Repeated activities
* Round (boxing), a time period within a boxing match
* Grand rounds, a ritual in  medical education and inpatient care
* Round of drinks, a traditional method of paying in a drinking establishment
* Funding round, a discrete round of investment in a business
* Doing the rounds or patrol, moving through an area at regular intervals
* Round (Theosophy), a planetary cycle of reincarnation in Theosophy

## Other 
* Round (surname)
* Rounds (surname)
* Roundedness, rounding of lips when pronouncing vowels
* Labialization, rounding of lips when pronouncing consonants
* Round shot
* Cartridge (firearms), a single unit of ammunition
* Round steak, a cut of meat

## Related pages
* 
*
512

**512** was a leap year.
## Events 
* Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Anastasius I ends a period of moderate ecclestical policy, and starts strongly favoring his own monophysitist beliefs.
* Flavian II, Patriarch of Antioch, is deposed and replaced with Severus.
* The island nation of Usan-guk is conquered by the Korean Silla Dynasty general Lee Sabu.
* Earliest known dated text in the Arabic alphabet, at Zebed in Syria

## Births 
* Saint David
United Russia

The **All-Russian Political Party United Russia** (, ) is a Russian political party, which is the current ruling party of Russia. Former President and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev is leader of this party. Incumbent President Vladimir Putin, though not a member of the party, is its de-facto Leader. The party has controlled Russia for many years.

The party has most of the seats in the State Duma and in the Regional Parliaments. Because of this, United Russia is the most powerful political party in Russia. The party was started on 1 December 2001 when Unity, Fatherland – All Russia, and the Our Home – Russia became one party.

## References
1735

**1735** (MDCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday in the Julian calendar.

## Events
* January 8 &ndash; George Frideric Handel's opera *Ariodante* plays at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.
* February 14 &ndash; The Order of St. Anna is started in Russia. It is in honour of the daughter of Peter the Great.
* April 13 &ndash; Emperor Sakuramachi takes the throne of Japan.
* Linnaeus publishes his *Systema Naturae*.
* Cobalt is discovered and isolated by Georg Brandt.
* First successful Appendectomy by French surgeon Claudius Aymand in London

* October 30 – John Adams, second President of the United States (d. 1826)
Jaguar

The **jaguar** (*Panthera onca*) is a big cat (feline) of the genus *Panthera*. It lives in South and Central America.

The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion. It is also the largest and most powerful feline in the Western Hemisphere.

Because of its spots, jaguars look like leopards, though it is usually larger and stronger, and its behavior is more like that of a tiger. It likes to stay near water, and like the tiger, it is famous for being a big cat that enjoys swimming. It usually hunts alone.

The jaguar has a very powerful strong bite, even compared to other big cats. Because of its strong bite, jaguars can bite capybaras, Brazilian tapir, peccaries, giant anteaters, tamanduas, through armoured reptiles like caimans, crocodiles, turtles and tortoises. Jaguars kill their prey in an unusual way: they bite directly through the skull between the ears and into the brain.

## Appearance 
Jaguars have yellow or sometimes yellow-orange fur with brown and black rosettes and spots. They are big and heavy and also have very strong muscles which makes them really powerful. They cannot climb well, but they can swim.

Sometimes there are jaguars who are completely black, but if you look closely you can still see the spots. They are called "black panther" or just "panther".
This is a 'colour morph' of the same species, a kind of polymorphism.

## Habitat 
Jaguars live in South America and Central America. They mostly live in rainforests, but also in savannas, swamps, grasslands, forest, deserts and open areas.

## Life 
Jaguars are not specialized with their food, but eat almost anything they get: big and small mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and livestock. It is an ambush predator. When hunting, they usually try to secretly get very close to the prey, and then the jaguar suddenly jumps at it and throws it down. The jaguar bites the skull of its prey to kill it. It then takes the prey to a safe place and eats it.

After a pregnancy of about 100 days the female gives birth to usually 1 - 4 babies. The young leave their family after 1–2 years, and they become mature at about 3 years. Jaguars can live up to 10–12 years old in freedom, but in captivity (such as in zoos) they can live to 20–22 years old.

## References 
## Other websites 
* BBC videos on Jaguars