open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tuckman's stages of group development

'''Tuckman's stages of group development''' is a model of group development made by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. It has four phases: Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing. 

#Forming is when the members of a team just got together.
#Storming is when they are in conflict and are not agreeing with each other.
#Norming is when they have finished deciding what is "normal".
#Performing is when they are working together efficiently.

Tuckman believed that these stages are all necessary and always happen in order for a team:
*to grow
*to face challenges
*to tackle problems
*to find solutions
*to plan work
*to deliver results

This model has become the basis for later models.

More reading on this topic can be found here: http://infed.org/thinkers/tuckman.htm

#Performing this is a stage of a fully functional group where members see themselves as a group and get involved in the task.
Clerks

***Clerks*** is an 1994 American comedy movie directed by Kevin Smith. It takes place in and around a convenience store in New Jersey. *Clerks* was controversial. Due to graphic language it received an NC-17 rating, although the rating was later changed to R. *Clerks* was distributed from Miramax. It was released in October 1994.

## Other websites 
*
Proboscis

A **proboscis**, also known as a **trunk**, is a projection or elongated appendage at the front of the face. In vertebrates, the term is used to describe an elongated nose or snout. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking.
## Gallery

File:Butterfly portrait.jpg|Butterflies have two antennae, two compound eyes, and a proboscis.
File:Eristalinus October 2007-6.jpg|A syrphid fly using its proboscis to reach the nectar of a flower
File:Porc formiguer.JPG|An aardvark with a proboscis
File:L'éléphant de forêt d'Afrique (Loxodonta cyclotis).jpg |The trunk of an elephant is also called proboscis, at times
The Weinstein Company

The **Weinstein Company** was an independent movie studio founded in March 2005 by brothers Bob and Harvey Weinstein after they left Miramax Films. The studio owned Dimension Films. TWC made melodrama, horror movies and raunchy comedy. Its division Dimension handled the genre movies.

After Harvey Weinstein was accused in 2017 of sexually attacking several women in Hollywood, then later convicted and sent to prison for his crimes, many companies, film makers, actors and actresses refused to work with Weinstein or his studio again, and many people in the company itself quit. The Weinstein Company was put up for sale and eventually renamed **Lantern Entertainment**, which is now considered a separate company.

## References
Port

]]
A **port** is a place at the edge of an ocean, river, or lake for ships to load and unload their cargo. Persons on ships can get on or off ships at a port. It is also called a harbour or harbor. This kind of port is the same as **sea port**.

A good port is easy to get to over water or land. It is also in a place that is not easily hurt by bad weather, like strong wind or big waves. 

Some ports are important for trade; other ports are important to a country's navy.

## Types of ports
If a port is visited by ships that can go on the ocean, it is called a "sea port" or just a "port". If a port is visited only by river boats like barges, it is called a "river port".

If a port is on a lake, river, or canal that goes to a sea or ocean, that port can be called an "inland port".

A **fishing port** is a port or harbour used by people who are fishing.

A **warm water port** is a port where the water does not freeze in winter time.

A **cruise home port** is a port where people get on and off cruise-ships. It is also where the cruise ship gets its supplies, like fresh water, fuel, and food. The Port of Miami, Florida is called the "Cruise Capital of the World". Port Everglades, Florida and the Port of San Juan, Puerto Rico also have big cruise ports.

A **port of call** is a place where a ship stops before it has finished its trip. 

A **cargo port** is a port that is used to move things people want to buy or sell.
Clanton, Alabama

**Clanton** is a city in Chilton County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 8,768. The city is the county seat of Chilton County.

## History
The town was founded by Alfred Baker in 1868, when Chilton County was formed. Clanton was named in honor of General James H. Clanton, a brigadier in the Confederate States Army.  It was incorporated on April 23, 1873. Baker was also elected first mayor of the town.

Early Civil Rights activist Ida B. Wells made a photographic postcard showing an 1891 lynching in Clanton.  This was to educate the white public of the atrocities committed against blacks.

During World War II, a small German Prisoner of War camp was located in Clanton.

## Geography
Clanton is located at 32°50'23.316" North, 86°37'41.477" West (32.839810, -86.628188).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of .   is land and  (0.15%) is water.

## Government
Clanton is governed by the mayor-council system. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The city council has five members elected from one of five wards.

## Economy
Over 80% of Alabama's peach crop comes from Chilton County.

## Education
The Chilton County School System provides public education for Clanton. Students in Clanton may attend any public school in Chilton County.

### High Schools
* Chilton County High School (Grades 9 through 12)
* LeCroy Technical Center (Grades 10 through 12)

### Middle School
Clanton Middle School (Grades 6 through 8)

### Elementary Schools
* Clanton Intermediate School (Grades 3 through 5)
* Clanton Elementary School (Grades K through 2)

## Media
### Newspaper
* *The Clanton Advertiser* (daily)

## Culture and recreation
Clanton has hosted the annual Chilton County Peach Festival since 1952.
* Clay Carroll,  Major League baseball player
* Jackie Hayes, major league baseball player
* Drew Roy, actor 
* Grayson Russell, Child actor 

## References
Grove Hill, Alabama

**Grove Hill** is a town in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 1,818.  It is the county seat of Clarke County and home of the Clarke County Museum.

## Education
Public Educationis provided by the Clarke County School System. Located in Grove Hill are Clarke County High School (grades 9 through 12), Wilson Hall Middle School  (grades 5 through 8), and Grove Hill Elementary School (grades K though 4).

There is one private school in Grove Hill. Clarke Prep School provides education for grades K through 12.

## Media
### Radio station
WBMH 106.1 FM (Classic Country)

## Notable natives 
*Doug Barfield - Auburn University football coach
*John W. Cranford - Representative for Texas.
* Mike Duke - Pop musician member of Wet Willie and song writer
*Grant Gillis - Major League Baseball player
*F. David Mathews - United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
*Cliff Nobles - Pop musician

## References
Clarke County, Alabama

**Clarke County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.  As of 2020, 23,087 people lived there. The county seat is Grove Hill. 

## History 
Clarke County was formed on December 10, 1812 by the Mississippi Territory. It is named in honor of General John Clarke of Georgia, who was later elected governor of that state.  The county had many forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814).  One of the most notable was Fort Sinquefield.

The first county seat was Clarkesville, formed in 1820.  The seat was moved to Macon, later renamed Grove Hill, in 1831. During the American Civil War, the county was notable for its salt production.

### Major highways
* U.S. Highway 43
* U.S. Highway 84
* State Route 5
* State Route 69
* State Route 154
* State Route 177
* State Route 178
* State Route 295

### Border counties
*Marengo County (north)
*Wilcox County (northeast)
*Monroe County (east)
*Baldwin County (south)
*Washington County (southwest)
*Choctaw County (northwest)

## Settlements
### Cities
*Jackson
*Thomasville

### Towns
*Coffeeville
*Fulton
*Grove Hill

### Communities

*Alma
*Bashi
*Campbell
*Carlton
*Dickinson
*Gainestown
*Gosport
*Morvin
*Suggsville
*Tallahatta Springs
*Toddtown
*Walker Springs
*Whatley

### Former communities
*Choctaw Corner
*Clarkesville
*Failetown

## References
Sydney Pollack

**Sydney Irwin Pollack** (July 1, 1934 – May 26, 2008) was an American movie and television director, producer and actor. 

Pollack was born in Lafayette, Indiana. During his childhood he moved to South Bend, Indiana. He moved to New York City when he was 17.

He won an Emmy Award in 1966. He won two Academy Awards and a Golden Globe Award for 1985 movie *Out of Africa*. 

He died of cancer of unknown primary origin in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, California.

## Other websites 
*
Cleburne County, Alabama

**Cleburne County** is a county in the US state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of Major General Patrick R. Cleburne, of Arkansas. As of 2020, 15,056 people lived in the county.  Its county seat is Heflin.

## History 
Cleburne County was formed on December 6, 1866.  The county was made from territory in Benton (now Calhoun), Randolph, and Talladega counties.  In 1867, Edwardsville was made the county seat.  In 1905 Heflin became the county seat.

## Geography
, Cleburne County]]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.2%) is water.
Alabama's highest natural point on Cheaha Mountain is in Cleburne County. Cheaha Mountain is in the far south part of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

### Major highways
* Interstate 20
* U.S. Highway 78
* U.S. Highway 431
* State Route 9
* State Route 46

### Rail
*Norfolk Southern Railway
*Amtrak

### Border counties
*Cherokee County, Alabama – north
*Polk County, Georgia – northeast
*Haralson County, Georgia – east
*Carroll County, Georgia – southeast
*Randolph County, Alabama – south
*Clay County, Alabama – southwest
*Talladega County, Alabama – southwest
*Calhoun County, Alabama – west

### National protected area
* Talladega National Forest (part)

## Cities and towns 
*Edwardsville
*Fruithurst
*Heflin
*Hollis Crossroads
* Micaville
* Muscadine
*Ranburne

## References
Lisette Melendez

**Lisette Melendez** (born 1967 or 1976) is a Puerto Rican freestyle music and Latin pop singer. She is best known for the 1991 song *Together Forever*. Her exact birthdate is not clear, with some sources claiming Melendez was born as far back as 1967 or 1968. Others mention that she was born as recently as 1976. She was raised in  East Harlem in New York City.

In Japan, Melendez won a Grammy for the Best New Artist. This was for her 1994 studio album *True to Life*.

## References
Colbert County, Alabama

**Colbert County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of brothers George and Levi Colbert, Chickasaw Indian chiefs. George Colbert operated a ferry across the Tennessee River in 1790 near present-day Cherokee.

The county seat of Colbert County is Tuscumbia. It is part of the Florence - Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Statistical Area known as "The Shoals".  As of 2020, 57,227 people lived there.

## History 
Colbert County was first formed on February 6, 1867.  It split from Franklin County over political issues after the American Civil War.  It was ended but was reestablished on February 24, 1870.

### Major Highways
* U.S. Highway 43
* U.S. Highway 72
* State Route 20
* State Route 157
* State Route 247
*Natchez Trace Parkway

### National protected area
* Natchez Trace Parkway (part)

### Rail
*Norfolk Southern Railway  - freight lines going South, East, and West.

### River
*Tennessee River

### Border Counties
*Lauderdale County, Alabama - north across the Tennessee River
*Lawrence County, Alabama - southeast
*Franklin County, Alabama - south
*Tishomingo County, Mississippi - west

## Settlements
### Cities
*Muscle Shoals
*Sheffield
*Tuscumbia

### Towns
*Cherokee
*Leighton
*Littleville

### Unincorporated communities
*Allsboro
*Barton
*Buzzard Roost
*Colbert Heights
*Ford City
*White Oak

## References
Conecuh County, Alabama

**Conecuh County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is believed to be derived from a Creek Indian term meaning "land of cane."  As of the 2020 census, 11,597 people lived there. Its county seat is Evergreen, Alabama.

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.3%) is water.

### Major highways
*  Interstate 65
*  U.S. Highway 31
*  U.S. Highway 84
*  State Route 41
*  State Route 83

### Adjacent counties
* Butler County (northeast)
* Covington County (southeast)
* Escambia County (south)
* Monroe County (northwest)

## Cities and towns 
* Castleberry
* Evergreen
* McKenzie (part - part of McKenzie is in Butler County)
* Repton

## References
Zooey Deschanel

**Zooey Claire Deschanel** (  ; born January 17, 1980) is an American actress, musician, and singer-songwriter.

## Early life
Zooey Deschanel was born in Los Angeles in 1980. She is the younger daughter of Academy Award–nominated cinematographer and director Caleb Deschanel and actress Mary Jo Deschanel (née Weir). Her paternal grandfather was French, from Oullins, Rhône. Her ancestry also includes Swiss, Dutch, English, Irish, and other French roots.

## Acting career
She starred in movie *(500) Days of Summer* and plays the central character in TV series *New Girl*. She also produces the show.

## Singing career
She and M. Ward are music duo She & Him. They have released five studio albums since 2008. She has collaborated with artists such as Prince and Brian Wilson. She wrote the main theme for *New Girl* and *Winnie the Pooh: The Movie*.

## Personal life
She married musician Ben Gibbard on September 19, 2009. The couple are separated; she filed for divorce on December 27, 2011. It was finalized on December 12, 2012.
She married producer Jacob Pechenik in 2015. They have a daughter born in July, 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chilton County, Alabama

**Chilton County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.  In 1942, the U.S. Navy commissioned a new vessel, the USS *Chilton*, in honor of Chilton County. In 2020, the population was 45,014. The county seat is Clanton.  

The county is known for its peaches and its unique landscape. It is home to swamps, prairies and mountains due to the foothills of the Appalachians.  It also has the Coosa River basin and is close to the Black Belt Prairie.

## History 
Baker County was formed on December 30, 1868.  It was named for Alfred Baker, with its county seat at Grantville. Residents of the county asked the Alabama legislature for the renaming of their county. In 1874, they chose the name Chilton County. William Parish Chilton, Sr. (1810–1871), was a lawyer who became Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court. Later he represented Montgomery County in the Congress of the Confederate States of America. It is not known when the county seat was moved.

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (1.1%) is water.

### Major highways
* Interstate 65
* U.S. Highway 31
* U.S. Highway 82
* State Route 22
* State Route 139
* State Route 145
* State Route 155

### Adjacent counties
*Shelby County (north)
*Coosa County (east)
*Elmore County (southeast)
*Autauga County (south)
*Perry County (southwest)
*Dallas County (southwest)
*Bibb County (northwest)

### National protected area
* Talladega National Forest (part)

## Settlements
### Cities
*Calera
*Clanton

### Towns
*Jemison
*Maplesville
*Thorsby
*Verbena

### Unincorporated communities
*Isabella
*Mountain Creek
*Stanton

## References
Rockford, Alabama

**Rockford** is a town in Coosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 349. The town is the county seat of Coosa County.

## History
 Courthouse is located in Rockford which is the county seat of Coosa County.]] Jailhouse is located in Rockford.]]
Coosa County was formed on December 18, 1832.  The first name of the town was Lexington. In 1835 the name was changed to Rockford.

## Education
Public education in Rockford is provided by the Coosa County Board of Education. There are four schools located in Rockford: Central High School (grades 9 through 12), Central Middle School (grades 5 through 8), Central Elementary School (grades (K through 4), and Coosa County Science and Technology Center (grades 9 through 12).

## Fred the Town Dog
In 1993, a sick dog wandered into Rockford. The animal was called "Fred" and was nursed back to health by town residents. For the next ten years, Fred was the town mascot.

Fred gained popularity through a regular newspaper column, "A Dog's Life," about his activities and encounters.  He was on a television show on cable TV's *Animal Planet*.

Fred died on December 23, 2002 in a Birmingham animal hospital, from a mysterious animal bite. He was buried behind the town's old jailhouse. A full-size grave marker, donated by a Montgomery businessman, was added in May, 2003. Fred was inducted into the Alabama Veterinary Medical Association Animal Hall of Fame in 2004.

## References
Crenshaw County, Alabama

**Crenshaw County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2020, 13,194 people lived there.  Its county seat is Luverne.

## History 
Crenshaw County was formed from Butler, Coffee, Covington, Lowndes and Pike counties on November 30, 1866. Its name is in honor of a judge, Anderson Crenshaw.

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.3%) is water.
Much of the land is covered by forests that are used for logging.

### Major highways
* U.S. Highway 29
* U.S. Highway 331
* State Route 10
* State Route 97
* State Route 106

### Border counties
*Montgomery County (north)
*Pike County (east)
*Coffee County (southeast)
*Covington County (south)
*Butler County (west)
*Lowndes County (northwest)

## Cities and towns 
*Brantley
*Dozier
*Glenwood
*Highland Home
*Honoraville
*Luverne
*Petrey
*Rutledge

## References
Covington County, Alabama

**Covington County, Alabama**, is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2020, 37,570 people lived there.  Its county seat is Andalusia.

## History 
Covington County was formed on December 17, 1821.  Its name is in honor of Brigadier General Leonard Covington of Maryland. The county was declared a disaster area in September 1979 due to damage from Hurricane Frederic.  It was a disaster area again in October 1995 due to Hurricane Opal.

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (1.3%) is water.

### Major highways
* U.S. Highway 29
* U.S. Highway 84
* U.S. Highway 331
* State Route 54
* State Route 55

### Border counties
*Butler County and Crenshaw County (north)
*Coffee County and Geneva County (east)
*Walton County, Florida (southeast)
*Okaloosa County, Florida (southwest)
*Escambia County and Conecuh County (west)

### National protected area
* Conecuh National Forest (part)

## Settlements
### Cities and towns
*Andalusia
*Babbie
*Carolina
*Florala
*Gantt
*Heath
*Horn Hill
*Libertyville
*Lockhart
*Onycha
*Opp
*Red Level
*River Falls
*Sanford

### Unincorporated communities
*Antioch
*Beck
*Beda
*Bethlehem
*Beulah
*Blairs
*Blue Springs
*Boston
*Boykin
*Brooks
*Cedar Grove
*Clear Springs
*Clearview
*Coldwater
*County Line
*Dunns
*Duvall
*Eoda
*Estothel
*Fairfield
*Flaco
*Five Points
*Friendship
*Green Bay
*Harmony
*Howells
*Huckaville
*Loango
*McRae
*Opine
*Rawls
*Red Oak
*Rome
*Rose Hill
*Stanley
*Stedman
*Straughn
*Valley of Shiloh
*Wiggins

## References
Eastern black-and-white colobus

The **eastern black-and-white colobus monkey**, or **mantled gueraza** (Colobus guereza) is a species of monkey. It can be as big as over  long (excluding tail) and up to . In the wild, they live about 20 years.

Colobus monkeys are vegetarian. They have a three-chambered stomach to help digest leaves.

## References
Pastygate

**Pastygate** is the name given to a political scandal in the United Kingdom in March 2012. The government had said that it was going to place a 20% VAT charge on hot pasties.

A Labour Member of Parliament asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Conservative MP George Osborne, about when he last ate a Cornish pasty. Osborne answered that he had no idea when he had last eaten one. This answer has been used to show how out of touch with ordinary people the Conservative party had become. The Prime Minister David Cameron later said that he had recently eaten a Cornish pasty at Leeds railway station "and that it was very good". However, The Sun newspaper then reported that there was no place to buy Cornish pasties at Leeds railway station at the time David Cameron claimed to have eaten one there. 

The issue, which at first appeared to be unimportant, was then taken up by several other newspapers and political commentators. They pointed out that the Conservatives seemed not to know that the pasty was a basic food eaten by many ordinary people in the country. The VAT rise on the pasty would affect both these customers and the pasty industry itself. These newspapers and commentators made fun of David Cameron's attempt to show himself as a regular pasty eater (i.e. as one of the people) and that George Osborne's did not know what a pasty was.

## References
Dolores

**Dolores**, also spelled **Delores**, is a female given name. It is pronounced [ d*uh*-**lawr**-is, -**lohr**- ].The Spanish name Dolores has its roots in the Latin word "dolor," which translates to "pain" or "sorrow." This name is quite common in Spanish-speaking nations and is frequently used as a way to refer to the Virgin Mary.  This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People 
* Dolores O'Riordan, Irish musician
* Dolores Hope, American singer, entertainer, philanthropist (1909-2011)
* Dolores Claman, Canadian composer (1927-2021)

## References
Coosa County, Alabama

**Coosa County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2020, 10,387 people lived there.  Its county seat is Rockford. 

## History 
It was formed on December 18, 1832.  Its name is from a town of the Creek tribe. 

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (2.3%) is water.

### Major Highways
* U.S. Highway 231
* U.S. Highway 280
* Alabama State Route 9
* Alabama State Route 22

### Border Counties
*Talladega County (north)
*Clay County (northeast)
*Tallapoosa County (east)
*Elmore County (south)
*Chilton County (west)
*Shelby County (northwest)

## Cities and towns 
*Equality (part of Equality is in Elmore County)
*Goodwater
*Kellyton
*Rockford

## References
Freeway (movie)

***Freeway*** is a 1996 crime drama movie. It stars Reese Witherspoon as Vanessa, Brooke Shields as Mimi and Brittany Murphy as Rhonda. This melodramatic thriller was released into theaters on August 23, 1996 and received very positive reviews from critics. *Freeway* was originally rated NC-17 for graphic language. It was trimmed to obtain an R before release.
Cullman, Alabama

**Cullman** is a city in Cullman County, Alabama. Cullman is along Interstate 65, about  north of Birmingham, and about  south of Huntsville. According to the 2020 census, it has 18,213 people.
Cullman is the county seat of Cullman County, Alabama.

## Education
The Cullman City School System operates five schools: Cullman Primary School (Pre-K - First Grade), East Elementary (Second Grade - Sixth Grade), West Elementary (Second Grade - Sixth Grade), John G. Cullman Middle School (Seventh and Eighth Grades), and Cullman High School (Ninth Grade - Twelfth Grade).

Other schools in Cullman include the Saint Bernard Preparatory School, a Benedictine boarding school (Ninth Grade - Twelfth Grade), Saint Bernard Middle School (Seventh and Eighth Grade), Sacred Heart Elementary School (Pre-K - Sixth Grade), Saint Paul's Lutheran School (Pre-K - Sixth Grade), and Cullman Christian School (Pre-K - Twelfth Grade).

## Media
### Radio stations
*WFMH 1340 AM (Sports/Talk)
*WKUL 92.1 FM (Country/Talk)
*WMCJ 1460 AM (Southern Gospel)
*WYDE 101.1 FM (Talk Radio)

### Newspaper
**The Cullman Times* (daily)
**The Cullman Tribune* (weekly)
**Cullman Sense*  (weekly)

### Television
Cullman is in the TV broadcasting areas of both Birmingham, Alabama, and Huntsville, Alabama.

Also, there is one low-power broadcasting station in Cullman: WCQT-LP TV-27

## Health care
*Cullman Regional Medical Center - a 115-bed hospital.

## Transportation
* Interstate 65
* U.S. Highway 31
* U.S. Highway 278
* Alabama State Route 69
* Alabama State Route 157
*CSX Transportation Railroad
*Folsom Field municipal airport

## Sister city
*  - Frankweiler (Germany)

## Notable persons from Cullman
*Scot Ponder, inventor and world traveller
*JoJo Billingsley, singer/songwriter
*Wesley Britt, National Football League player
*James E. "Big Jim" Folsom, Governor of Alabama 1947 - 51 and 1955 – 59
*James E. "Little Jim" Folsom, Jr., Governor of Alabama 1993 - 95, former and current Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
*Robert Hall, professional make-up artist
*Roger Hallmark, country musician
*Kurt Heinecke, composer and voice actor
*Charles Kleibacker, fashion designer
*Greg Knighten, Army specialist
*Harold E. Martin, journalist and 1970 Pulitzer Prize winner
*Julian L. McPhillips candidate for Attorney General of Alabama in 1978.
*Johnny Lee Smith, martial arts instructor and founder of Triad Martial Arts Academy; portrayed himself (with the nickname "Tiger Claw") on '90s TV show *WMAC Masters*.
*Channing Tatum, actor/model
*Holly Williams, country music singer (and daughter of Hank Williams, Jr.)
*Larry Willingham, professional football player

## References
DeKalb County, Alabama

**DeKalb County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2020, 71,608 people lived there.  Its county seat is Fort Payne.

## History 
DeKalb County was formed on January 9, 1836. It was named for Major General Baron Johann de Kalb, a hero of the American Revolution.

DeKalb County was the one time home of the famous Cherokee Sequoyah.

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.2%) is water.

### Major highways
* Interstate 59
* U.S. Highway 11
* State Route 35
* State Route 68
* State Route 75

### Rail
*Norfolk Southern Railway

### Border counties
*Jackson County, Alabama - north
*Dade County, Georgia - northeast
*Walker County, Georgia - east
*Chattooga County, Georgia - east
*Cherokee County, Alabama - southeast
*Etowah County, Alabama - south
*Marshall County, Alabama - west

### National protected area
* Little River Canyon National Preserve (part)

## Cities and towns 
*Collinsville (part - part of Collinsville is in Cherokee County)
*Crossville
*Dawson
*Dogtown
*Fort Payne
*Fyffe
*Geraldine
*Hammondville
*Henagar
*Ider
*Lakeview
*Mentone
*Pine Ridge
*Powell
*Rainsville
*Sand Rock (part - part of Sand Rock is in Cherokee County)
*Shiloh
*Sylvania
*Valley Head

## References
Dallas County, Alabama

**Dallas County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. The county seat is Selma.

## History 
Dallas County was formed on February 9, 1818. It was named for U.S. Treasury Secretary Alexander J. Dallas of Pennsylvania. At first the county seat was at Cahaba. In 1865, the county seat was moved to Selma.

## Geography
Dallas County is in the Black Belt region. The Alabama River is in the county.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (1.5%) is water.

### Border Counties
*Chilton County (north)
*Autauga County (northeast)
*Lowndes County (southeast)
*Wilcox County (south)
*Marengo County (west)
*Perry County (northwest)

### National protected areas
* Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail (part)
* Talladega National Forest (part)

## Transportation
### Major highways
* U.S. Highway 80
* State Route 5
* State Route 14
* State Route 22
* State Route 41
* State Route 89

### Airports
* Craig Field (SEM) in Selma
* Skyharbor Airport (S63) in Selma

## Communities 
### Cities
*Selma
*Valley Grande

### Towns
*Orrville

### Census-designated places
*Selmont-West Selmont

### Unincorporated communities
*Beloit
*Browns
*Cahaba
*Carlowville
*Crumptonia
*Elm Bluff
*Marion Junction
*Minter
*Plantersville
*Pleasant Hill
*Richmond
*Safford
*Sardis
*Summerfield
*Tyler

## Education
Areas not in Selma are served by Dallas County Schools. Areas in Selma are served by Selma City Schools.

## Notable residents
*James Abercrombie, (1795–1861), United States Congressman from Alabama, lived here for a time.
*Shwetak Patel, (1981-), born in Selma, a professor of Computer Science and Engineering and Electrical Engineering at the University of Washington

## References
Cullman County, Alabama

**Cullman County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of Colonel John G. Cullmann.  As of 2020, 87,866 people lived there.  Its county seat is the town of the same name, Cullman, Alabama. 

## History 
The historic Cherokee and Choctaw lived here at the time of European encounter. The Echota Cherokee are a recognized tribe still here.

Cullman County was formed by German American immigrants from Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1877. 

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (2.7%) is water.

### Major highways
* Interstate 65
* U.S. Highway 31
* U.S. Highway 278
* U.S. Highway 231
* State Route 67
* State Route 69
* State Route 91
* State Route 157

### Rail
*CSX Transportation

### Border counties
*Morgan County (north)
*Marshall County (northeast)
*Blount County (east)
*Walker County (southwest)
*Winston County (west)
*Lawrence County (northwest)

## Cities and towns 
*Arab (part - most of Arab is in Marshall County)
*Ardell
*Arkadelphia
*Baileyton
*Battleground
*Berlin
*Bethel
*Bremen
*Birdsong
*Bolte
*Brooklyn
*Brushy Pond
*Bug Tussle
*Central
*Clifty
*Colony
*Corinth
*Crane Hill
*Cullman
*Dodge City
*East Point
*Etha
*Fairview
*Garden City (part - part of Garden City is in Blount County)
*Goldridge
*Good Hope
*Goodwin
*Hanceville
*Harmony
*Holly Pond
*Jones Chapel
*Joppa
*Logan
*Panama
*Providence
*Riverside
*Simcoe
*South Vinemont
*Thrasher Crossroads
*Trade
*Trimble
*Walter
*Welti
*West Point
*Wheat
*Wilburn

## Education
Public education in Cullman County is provided by two systems: the Cullman City School Board and the Cullman County School Board, which governs all municipalities except the City of Cullman.
*Cullman High School - under the governance of the Cullman City School Board

Private educational institutions in the county include:
*Christ Covenant School - in Cullman (Grades K-2)
*Cullman Christian School - in Cullman (Grades K-12)
*Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Elementary School - in Cullman (Grades PreK-6)
*St. Bernard Preparatory School - in Cullman (Grades 7-12)
*St. Paul's Lutheran School - in Cullman (Grades K-6)
*Vinemont Christian Academy - in South Vinemont (Grades PreK-12)

Cullman is also the home of the state-owned and operated Wallace State Community College in Hanceville. It was named for the former Governor of Alabama, George C. Wallace.  His father and his wife, Governor Lurleen B. Wallace, also had junior colleges named for them.

## References
Elmore County, Alabama

**Elmore County** is a county of the State of Alabama. As of 2020, 87,977 people lived there. The county seat is Wetumpka.

## History 
Elmore County was formed on February 15, 1866.  It was created from portions of Autauga, Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Montgomery Counties. Its name is in honor of General John A. Elmore. 

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (5.9%) is water.

### Major highways
* Interstate 65
* U.S. Highway 82
* U.S. Highway 231
* State Route 9
* State Route 14
* State Route 63

### Border counties
*Coosa County (north)
*Tallapoosa County (northeast)
*Macon County (southeast)
*Montgomery County (south)
*Autauga County (west)
*Chilton County (northwest)

## Cities and towns 
*Blue Ridge
*Coosada
*Deatsville
*Eclectic
*Elmore
*Equality (part of Equality is in Coosa County)
*Millbrook
*Prattville (part - most of Prattville is in Autauga County)
*Tallassee (part of Tallassee is in Tallapoosa County)
*Wetumpka

## References
20th Television

**20th Television** (formerly **20th Century Fox Television**) is an American television production and former syndication company that was created in 1992 by 20th Century Fox Film Corporation. It is a division of the Fox Entertainment Group, part of The Walt Disney Company. On August 10, 2020, the syndication division of TCFTV was Absorbed into Disney Media Distribution, forming the production incarnation of 20th Television replacing 20th Century Fox Television.

20th Television the television shows like *The Simpsons*, *Futurama* and *Family Guy*, among others.

## References
Grey's crowned guenon

The '''Grey's crowned guenon'* (*Cercopithecus pogonias grayi''), also known as the **crowned guenon**, **crowned monkey**, **golden-bellied guenon**, or **golden-bellied monkey**, is a species of monkey. They are mainly found in Central Africa which includes countries like Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Nigeria. Mona monkeys get up to  in length and weigh . The lifespan of the crowned guenon is 20 years in captivity. They feed on mostly fruit, leaves, shoots, insects, and crops.

## References
Escambia County, Alabama

**Escambia County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2020, 36,757 people lived there.  Its county seat is Brewton.

## History 
Escambia County was formed after the American Civil War, on December 10, 1868.  This was during the Reconstruction era. The name "Escambia" may come from the Creek name *Shambia*, meaning "clearwater", or the Choctaw word for "cane-brake" or "reed-brake".  

In September 1979, the county was declared a disaster area due to damage from Hurricane Frederic, and again in September 2004 due to damage from Hurricane Ivan.

## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.8%) is water.

### Major highways
* Interstate 65
* U.S. Highway 29
* U.S. Highway 31
* Alabama State Route 21
* Alabama State Route 41
* Alabama State Route 113

### Border counties
*Conecuh County (north)
*Covington County (east)
*Okaloosa County, Florida (southeast)
*Santa Rosa County, Florida (south)
*Escambia County, Florida (southwest)
*Baldwin County (west)
*Monroe County (northwest)

### National protected area
* Conecuh National Forest (part)

## Cities and towns 
*Atmore
*Brewton
*East Brewton
*Flomaton
*Foshee
*Pollard
*Riverview

## References
CSI: Miami

***CSI: Miami*** (***Crime Scene Investigation: Miami***) is an American TV series that aired from 2002-2012 on CBS. It is the second series in the *CSI* franchise.
Chang Taek-sang

**Jang Taek-Sang** (장택상, 1893–1969) was a Korean nationalist politician. He was a Korean independence activist against Japanese imperialism. After the liberation, he was 1st Foreign Minister and 3rd Prime Minister. This was during the 2–5th National Assembly of South Korea.

## Work book 
* South Koreas founding and me(대한민국 건국과 나, 1969)

## References 
* 100.naver.com
* Changrang Changtaeksang's memorial museum
Gina Gershon

**Gina L. Gershon** (born June 10, 1962) is an American actress, singer and writer. She has been in many movies, including the 1995 movie *Showgirls*. She has also been in many television programs and sitcoms. She was born in Los Angeles.
Bound (movie)

***Bound*** is a 1996 American romantic crime thriller starring Jennifer Tilly and Gina Gershon. In the film, Violet (Tilly) is the girlfriend of a mafia mob member, but she wants to leave the mafia life. She meets Corky (Gershon), and together, they enter a lesbian relationship and plan on stealing 2 million dollars from the Mafia. *Bound* received positive reviews from critics who praised its humor and strong style and its portrayal of lesbian relationships in a mainstream motion picture. It was rated R in the United States and Australia for sexual content and intense violence. It was released October 4, 1996 in the United States.

## Other websites 
*
Gwon Sang-ha

**Gwon Sang-ha** (1641 - September 2, 1721) was a politician and Neo Confucian scholar, teacher, and writer of the Joseon Dynasty. He was second leader of Noron Partys, disciple of Song Siyeol, Song Jun-gil and ideological successor of founder Noron Party and his teacher Song Siyeol. Nicknames was **Suam**, **Hansujae**.

## Work book 
* Hansujaejip (한수재집, 寒水齋集)
* Samseojipui (삼서집의, 三書輯疑)
* Gibaegitaeyeonpyo (기백이태연표 箕伯李泰淵表)
* Hyeongchamgwongeukhwapyo (형참권극화표 刑參權克和表)
* Busagwaisukpyo (부사과이숙표 副司果李塾表)

## Related pages
* Noron
* West man
* Song Siyeol
* Song Jun-gil
* Yun Jeung
Powys Castle

**Powys Castle** (or Powis Castle or Welsh: Castell Coch) is a mediaeval castle, fortress and grand country mansion near the town of Welshpool, in Powys, Mid Wales. It is the residence of the Earl of Powis. The castle is built of sandstone.  The rock is from New Red Sandstone of the Permian or Triassic periods.

The castle has extensive, attractive formal gardens, terraces, parkland, deerpark and landscaped estate. The property is under the care of the National Trust, who operate it under the name "Powis Castle and Garden". 
Queen Victoria visited the castle during her tour through England and Wales in 1832.

## Other websites 
*Powis Castle & Garden information at the National Trust 
*Castle Wales: Powis Castle
Campbell Newman

**Campbell Kevin Thomas Newman** (born 12 August 1963) was the 38th Premier of Queensland. He is from the Liberal National Party of Queensland. He became Premier on 26 March 2012 after his party won the state election. Prior to that he was the 15th Lord Mayor of Brisbane from 2004 to 2011. At the Queensland state election on Saturday 31 January 2015, Newman lost his seat of Ashgrove to his predecessor Kate Jones. Newman will retire from politics after he lost his own parliamentary seat and on 14 February 2015, Annastacia Palaszczuk was sworn in as Premier.

## References
Islam in China

**Islam in China** has a rich and longstanding history in the country. Islam has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE. There are an estimated 17–25 million Muslims in China, less than 2 percent of the total population. Though Hui Muslims are the most numerous group, the greatest concentration of Muslims reside in northwestern China’s Xinjiang autonomous region, which contains a significant Uyghur population. Lesser yet significant populations reside in the regions of Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai.

Manchu officials in the Qing executed a Muslim family in 1784  in Xinjiang because their relatives revolted  in Gansu despite the fact they had no idea their relatives were revolting.

Hundreds of thousands of Turkic Muslims have been detained in Xinjiang. 

There is a policy of stripping Muslim buildings of Arabic features all over China, and in some cases replacing them with traditional Chinese designs. During Deng Xiaoping’s liberal era, a new mosque-building boom began, with a fashion for domed prayer halls and tall, slender minarets.  Xi Jinping became General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party as well as the top leader of China in 2012.  In 2017, the Islamic Association of China said “Mosque architecture needs to be in harmony with our national characteristics.”  In 2019 the  “Five-Year Plan on the Sinicisation of Islam”,  set out to standardise Chinese style in everything from Islamic clothing to ceremonies and architecture. It called for the “establishment of an Islamic theology with Chinese characteristics”. At least 1,714 mosques had Arabic-style features removed between 2018 and 2023.

The government also removed crosses from the roofs of over a thousand Christian churches and demolished a vast church — the Golden Lampstand Church in Shanxi province — in 2018.  The government is also trying to stop under-18s from entering religious sites, or even practising religion at all.

## References
## Other websites
*"A Sketch of the Islamic Law" is an old book, from the year 1797, made in China
New Red Sandstone

period. It shows cross-bedded dune sandstone formed in a desert. Devon, near mouth of the River Exe]]
, Virginia]]
, Wales]]
]]

The **New Red Sandstone** is a sandstone rock in Britain and elsewhere. It was laid down in desert conditions from the Permian (280 million years ago) to the beginning of the Triassic (240 million years ago). It underlies the Jurassic Lias, which are marine rocks such as the Blue Lias. 

The term distinguishes it from the Old Red Sandstone, which is largely Devonian in age. The New Red Sandstone is much brighter and redder in colour than the Old Red Sandstone, as the examples show. The colour is caused by iron oxides in the rock.

the red sand stone was formed from 416 million to 359.2 million years ago . it was washed up on the beach
Chris Colfer

**Christopher Paul "Chris" Colfer** (born May 27, 1990) is an American actor, singer, and author. He plays the role of Kurt Hummel on the FOX television show *Glee*. *Time magazine* called Colfer one of the "100 most influential people" in the world in 2011. He has won a Golden Globe Award and has been nominated two times for a Emmy Award. Colfer wrote the beloved children's fantasy series The Land of Stories and its prequel series, A Tale of Magic, among other books.

Colfer was born in Clovis, California. He is of Irish ancestry. He is openly gay.

## Filmography
### Films
### Television
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Mash-up

A **mash-up** is when a musician performs two or more songs as a single composition. Some mashups are called "remixes" or sometimes indirectly called "duets" if sung by two musicians. In popular music, some musicians sing two cover versions and blend them together (transformation) into a new song.

## Further reading 
* Paul Morley (2003). *Words and Music: A History of Pop in the Shape of a City*. Bloomsbury. .
* Jeremy J. Beadle (1993). *Will Pop Eat Itself?* Faber & Faber. .
*Roseman, Jordan (2006). *Audio Mashup Construction Kit*. .
*Hughes, J. & Lang, K. (2006). Transmutability: Digital Decontextualization, Manipulation, and Recontextualization as a New Source of Value in the Production and Consumption of Culture Products. In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - Volume 08.
* Sinnreich, Aram (2010). *Mashed Up: Music, Technology & the Rise of Configurable Culture* http://www.mashed-up.com . .
Glee season 2

The **second season** of the musical comedy-drama television show *Glee* originally premiered on September 21, 2010 and ended on May 24, 2011 on FOX in the United States. The second season had 22 episodes and was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Ryan Murphy Television. Dante Di Loreto became the executive producer while Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk, the show co-creators, remained writing the episodes along with Ian Brennan. The second season features the "New Directions" glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio. It also shows the glee club in several competitions; local, regional and nationals which was held in New York City. The club members in this season began dealing with relationship, sexuality and social issues. 

The second season's main cast were; director of glee club Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), and glee club members Artie Abrams (Kevin McHale), Brittany Pierce (Heather Morris), Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith), Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer), Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley), Noah "Puck" Puckerman (Mark Salling), Quinn Fabray (Dianna Agron), Rachel Berry (Lea Michele), Santana Lopez (Naya Rivera), Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz) and Will's ex-wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig). Kurt's father Burt (Mike O'Malley) becomes a main character in this season.

Each episode of the second season received positive reviews from music and television journalists, however, the entire season was given a more mixed reception. The musical performances in the second season had more dance numbers and cover versions than the first season. The show released five soundtrack albums and over one hundred digital singles. The cast broke the record for "most charted songs by an act" in the 52-year history of the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart. The singles "Teenage Dream" (originally recorded by Katy Perry) and "Loser Like Me" (an original song), were the first to have over 200,000 downloads in their first week of release in the US. Both had also charted in the top ten in the US and Canada, and were certified Gold in the US. The second season was nominated for twelve Emmy Awards, five Golden Globe Awards, five Satellite Awards and over fifty other awards. There has been three DVDs to have been released with episodes from the season: *Glee - Season 2, Volume 1* which includes episodes one through ten, *Glee - Season 2, Volume 2* which includes episodes eleven through twenty-two, and *Glee - The Complete Second Season*.
Chūō, Tokyo

is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan.

The municipality calls itself "Chūō City" in English.

## History
On March 15, 1947, the ward was formed by combining the wards of Kyōbashi and Nihonbashi.

## Geography
Chūō is in central Tokyo. It borders Tokyo Bay on the south.  Minato is on the ward's southwestern border. Chiyoda is on the northwestern border. Sumida and Kōtō are on the east.

The most famous districts in Chūō are Ginza and Nihonbashi.  Other districtsare Kabutochō and Tsukiji.

In area, Chūō is the second-smallest ward in Tokyo. Only Taitō is smaller.

## Related pages 
* List of special wards of Tokyo
* Capital of Japan

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.city.chuo.lg.jp/foreign/english/index.html , [http://www.city.chuo.lg.jp/ ] 
* Chuo City Tourism Association, http://www.chuo-kanko.or.jp/english/index.html , [http://www.chuo-kanko.or.jp/ ]
* Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Special wards