open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Battle of Palkhed

The **Battle of Palkhed** took place on February 28, 1728, in the village of Palkhed, near Vaijapur, Maharashtra, India. It was a fight between the Maratha Empire and the Hyderabad State. The Marathas won the battle, defeating the Nizam of Hyderabad.

## Beginning 
In 1725 and 1726, when Bajirao led campaigns into the Carnatic region, the Nizam of Hyderabad became very angry and began preparing to face the Marathas. The Nizam convinced several Maratha nobles, like Chandrasen Jadhav, Udaji Chavan, and Rao Rambha Nimbalkar, to join his side. He also tried to create divisions between the two Maratha leaders, Sambhaji and Shahu. The Nizam moved his capital from Aurangabad to Hyderabad, a more distant place where he could plot against the Marathas without them knowing. When Baji Rao demanded taxes (chauth and sardeshmukhi), the Nizam responded by asking him to first decide whether Shahu or Sambhaji was the true king of the Marathas.

## Campaign 
Sambhaji joined forces with the Nizam, forcing Baji Rao to act. On August 27, 1727, Baji Rao began attacking and plundering several of the Nizam’s territories, including Jalna, Burhanpur, and Khandesh. Taking advantage of the situation, the Nizam suddenly attacked Pune, where he declared Sambhaji as the Maratha king. However, he soon had to leave the city, leaving Fazal Beg to defend it, as he needed to deal with Baji Rao, who was plundering his lands along the Godavari River. The two armies finally met near Palkhed, about 20 miles from Daulatabad, where the Nizam was eventually forced to seek peace and he surrendered.

## Aftermath 
After the Battle of Palkhed, the Nizam was forced to make the following grants:

# He acknowledged Shahu as the only legitimate ruler of the Marathas.
# He recognized Shahu's right to collect the taxes known as chauth and sardeshmukhi in the Deccan region.
# The Maratha tax collectors who had been removed were allowed to return to their positions.
# The Nizam agreed to pay the overdue amounts of chauth and sardeshmukhi.

## References
Eamon Farren

**Eamon Farren** (born May 19, 1985) is an Australian actor. His first well known role was as Richard Horne in the 2017 revival of *Twin Peaks*. He would go on to have roles in *Winchester* (2018) and appeared in the series *The ABC Murders* (2018) and *The Witcher* (2019–present).

Farren was born in Queensland and raised in the Gold Coast.

## References
## Other websites
*
283 (number)

**283** is a natural number that comes after 282 and before 284.

## In mathematics 
*283 is an odd prime number.

## Roman Numerals 
In Roman Numerals, 283 is written as CCLXXXIII.

## Other websites 
## References
Cellulose acetate

**Cellulose acetate** is a type of plastic. It is a semi-synthetic plastic made from cotton or tree pulp. It is most commonly used to make photographic film and cigarette filters. There are two types: the triacetate and diacetate.

## Uses 
### Film 
Cellulose acetate is the most common film base used for camera films in both still and motion picture photography. Film manufacturers transitioned their products from cellulose nitrate to cellulose acetate from the 1930s to the 1950s. This was done for safety reasons because acetate film is much less flammable than nitrate film. For this reason, acetate film is sometimes called safety film. Older (pre-1948) acetate film was made from the diacetate, whereas newer films are triacetate.

Acetate film can decompose over time into acetic acid, the main ingredient in vinegar. This is a type of chemical reaction called hydrolysis. This is called vinegar syndrome and usually happens when film is stored in hot or humid conditions, but it can sometimes happen to film that was stored properly.

### Cigarette filters 
Almost all modern cigarette filters are made of cellulose acetate. This is usually the diacetate and it is made in the form of a fiber rather than a sheet. Cellulose acetate is good at removing bad-tasting chemicals from the cigarette smoke while leaving in natural tobacco flavor and nicotine. Cellulose acetate cigarette filters are controversial because they are the most common form of litter in most parts of the world, they take a long time to decompose, and they don't make smoking safer.
Miah Madden

**Miah Grace Madden** (born April 9, 2002) is an Australian actress. She is known for her roles in *The Unlisted* (2019), the 10 Shake series *Dive Club* (2021), and the Network 10 and Paramount+ series *Paper Dolls* (2023).

## Early life 
Madden was born in Sydney, New South Wales. Her late father, Lee Madden, was an actor, activist and a poet. He died in a fatal car crash when she was only 2 years old. She is the younger half-sister of Madeleine Madden. She also has another younger sister named Ruby.

In 2021, she starred in Diva Club, a Netflix teen drama.

## References
## Other websites
*
Marcolino Franco

**Marcolino Cerbinio Ferdinand “Mike” Franco** (4 October 1959 — 14 August 2024) was a Curaçao politician. He was a member of Partido pa Adelanto I Inovashon Soshal (PAIS). He served as a member of the Parliament of Curaçao. From 10 December 2012 to 2 November 2016 he was also the speaker of the parliament.

After being a deputy of the Real Alternative Party he founded with Alex Rosaria PAIS. He became chairman of the party.

The Dutch government appointed Franco as  of Sint Eustatius on 7 February 2018.

Franco had cancer since 2022. He died on 14 August 2024 at the age of 65.

## References
Hyloxalus abditaurantius

The **Bello rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus abditaurantius*) is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home
This frog lives on the ground and on plants near water. It lives high in the hills in the Andes mountains. People have also seen it in forest that is growing back. Scientists think it can live in places that humans have changed. People have seen this frog between 1280 and 2110 meters above sea level.

Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks: Parque Regional Ucumari, Parque Regional Barbas-Bremen, Parque Nacional Tatamá, and Parque Nacional Farrallones de Cali.

## Young
The female frog lays eggs on dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out because human beings change the places where it lives to make farms, get wood to build with, and make places for animals to eat grass. Years ago, many of these frogs died. Scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis could have killed them, but they are not sure. Scientists found a frog that had the fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* in its body in 1997 and more after that.

## References
Moto E

**Moto E** is a range of mobile phones from Motorola. It was first introduced on May 2014 as Moto E (1st generation).

## Examples of models 
* Moto E (1st generation) (2014)
* Moto E (2nd generation) (2015)
* Moto E3 (2016)
* Moto E3 Power (2016)
* Moto E4 (2017)
* Moto E4 Plus (2017)
* Moto E5 (2018)
* Moto E5 Play (2018)
* Moto E5 Plus (2018)
* Moto E6 (2019)
* Moto E6 Play (2019)
* Moto E6 Plus (2019)
* Moto E6s (2020)
* Moto E (2020)
* Moto E7 (2020)
* Moto E7 Plus (2020)
* Moto E6i (2021)
* Moto E7 Power (2021)
* Moto E7i Power (2021)
* Moto E20 (2021)
* Moto E30 (2021)
* Moto E40 (2021)
* Moto E22 (2022)
* Moto E22i (2022)
* Moto E22s (2022)
* Moto E32 (2022)
* Moto E13 (2023)

## References
Nintendo Research & Development 2

**Nintendo Research & Development No. 2 Department**, commonly abbreviated as **Nintendo R&D2**, was a department of Nintendo that developed software and video game peripherals. Their works include the SNES, the NES, Donkey Kong's NES version and various other games and consoles.

It was merged into Nintendo SPD in 2004, along with the 1st Research & Development Division.
2023–2024 mpox epidemic

An epidemic of mpox began in Africa in September 2023. As of August 2024, more than 17,000 cases have been reported with over 500 deaths. 

On 14 August 2024, the World Health Organization named the epidemic a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).

## Background
In May 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) said that mpox (Monkeypox) was a global health emergency. The disease had infected 87,000 people and caused 140 deaths when the WHO ended its global emergency the following year.

The disease came back in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) by January 2024. In April of the same year, a subgroup of clade I of mpox was found in a small mining town in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

In August 2024, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (ACDC) said that spreading mpox outbreaks in Africa had become a public health emergency, with over 500 deaths being reported.

## Outbreak
On 30 July 2024, the Central African Republic found an outbreak of mpox in Bangui, after a period of time when the disease was mostly found in rural areas.

On 15 August 2024, Sweden's Public Health Agency reported the first case outside of Africa, was from a person who had gotten sick with Clade 1 mpox during a stay in an area of Africa. That same day, a suspected case of mpox was reported in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa which was later confirmed to be an actual case of mpox.

On 19 August 2024, the Congolese government launched a response plan of forty-nine million dollars, for awareness raising, deployment of teams and care of patients and awaits additional doses of vaccines.

## Related pages
* 2022–2023 mpox outbreak

## References
Clint Hocking

**Clint Hocking** is a Canadian video game designer, that he usually worked at the Canadian website of Ubisoft, where he developed three websites, and he worked at LucasArts, Valve, and Amazon Game Studios. The first game that he worked is ''Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell*, while the first film is *Gamers Heart Japan''.

## List of stuff that he works
### Video games
*Watch Dogs: Legion (2020)
*Far Cry 2 (2008)
*Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory (2005)
*Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell (2002)

### Films and television
*Gamers Heart Japan (2011)
Amrish Tyagi

**Amrish Tyagi** (born 14 February 1978) is an Indian political strategist. He is the son of K.C. Tyagi.

He worked for Donald Trump, helped with giving the demands, and for the Asian community in the United States, transport this to Trump's team, and to design to achieve goal to messages to draw the community in, and create datas for Trump's goal.
Alta California

**Alta California** ('Upper California'), also known as **Nueva California** ('New California') among other names, was a province of New Spain formally established in 1804. Along with the Baja California peninsula, it had previously comprised the province of , but was made a separate province in 1804 (named ). and was renamed  in 1824.

The territory included all of the U.S. states of California, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Arizona, Wyoming, and Colorado. The territory was  with Baja California (as a single ) in Mexico's 1836 *Siete Leyes* (Seven Laws) constitutional reform, granting it more autonomy. That change was undone in 1846, but rendered moot by the outcome of the Mexican–American War in 1848, when most of the areas formerly comprising Alta California were ceded to the U.S. in the treaty which ended the war. In 1850, California joined the union as the 31st state.

## References
## Further reading
* *Album of Views of the Missions of California*, Souvenir Publishing Company, San Francisco, Los Angeles, 1890s.
*Beebe, Rose Marie (2001). *Lands of Promise and Despair: Chronicles of Early California, 1535–1846*. Berkeley: Heyday Books. 
* Blomquist, L.R., A Regional Study of the Changes in Life and Institutions in the San Luis Obispo District, 1830–1850 (M.A. thesis, History Department, University of California, Berkeley, 1943). Source consulted by Ryan & Breschini (2010).
* Breschini, G.S., T. Haversat, and R.P. Hampson, A Cultural Resources Overview of the Coast and Coast-Valley Study Areas [California] (Coyote Press, Salinas, CA, 1983). Source consulted by Ryan & Breschini (2010).
* California Mission Sketches by Henry Miller, 1856 and Finding Aid to the Documents relating to Missions of the Californias : typescript, 1768–1802 at the Bancroft Library
* Fink, Augusta (1972). *Monterey, The Presence of the Past.* San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. 
* 
* Milliken, Randall (1995). *A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769–1910.* Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication. 
* *The Missions of California*, by Eugene Leslie Smyth, Chicago: Alexander Belford & Co., 1899.

## Footnotes
## Other websites
* Worldstatesmen.org: Provinces of New Spain
* Alta California grants in UC Library System *Calisphere*
* Mexican Land Grants of Santa Clara County  at the University of California, Berkeley, Earth Sciences & Map Library 
* POPULATION IN ALTA CALIFORNIA:1790-1830 . CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE
Ed Oxenbould

**Ed Oxenbould** (born 1 June 2001) is an Australian actor. His first well known roles were in the movie *Julian* (2012) and in the television series *Puberty Blues* (2012–2014). He later had a role in *Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day* (2014). 

Oxenbould was born in Melbourne, Australia. He is the nephew of comedian/actor Ben Oxenbould.

## Some movies
* *Julian* (2012)
* *Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day* (2014)
* *Paper Planes* (2014)
* *The Visit* (2015)
* *Better Watch Out* (2016)
* *Wildlife* (2018)
* *The Exchange* (2021)

## References
## Other websites
*
What a Time to Be Alive

***What a Time to Be Alive*** is a collaborative studio album by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper Future. *What a Time to Be Alive* was released on September 20, 2015.

The mixtape was first teased by many hip hop personalities such as DJ Skee, Angela Yee and Ernest Baker. On September 19, 2015, Drake posted on his Instagram and confirmed the mixtape's title, album art, and the release date of September 20.

The album's cover art was an image of a cluster of uncut diamonds taken by Christina Tisi-Kramer and was purchased through Shutterstock.

On April 29, 2016, Drake would reveal in an interview with Zane Lowe of Beats 1 that Future and himself had recorded the song "Digital Dash" first for one of Future's projects but Drake had also recorded vocals and they decided to both create a mixtape together and include it on *What a Time to Be Alive*. The last song recorded for the album was "Jumpman". 

The album debuted at #1 on the *Billboard* 200, selling 375,000 album-equivalent units. It was Drake and Future's second album of 2015 to hit the #1 spot on the *Billboard* 200. *What a Time to Be Alive* would be certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album would be nominated for Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Album at the 44th Annual American Music Awards but lost to Drake's other 2015 album *Views*. It would also be nominated for Top Rap Album at the 2016 Billboard Music Awards.

The album features the single "Jumpman" which was released on November 10, 2015.

## Songs
## References
I am David (novel)

**I am David**, is a Danish Holocaust novel written and first published by a/an Danish Holocaust survivor named Adrien de Chandelle (pseudonym of Anne Holm) in 1963. It's plot follows a Holocaust survivor who tries to survive and live after escaping from a concentration camp.
## Plot 
The story follows the life and escape of a 12-year-old boy named David in 1945. David is born in either March or April 1933, in the newly-established Dachau concentration camp. His mother is interned in the camp presumably as a political prisoner, because it is 1933. David grows up and is raised in the concentration camp. When he grows up, David ends up making a friend Johannes in the Dachau concentration camp. Everyone except his friend and mother, treats him harshly and, other than his friend and mother, he fears everyone else. Only his mother and friend gives him comfort, but his friend later dies. By 1945, David escapes from the camp, with the help and aid of a guard, and has to survive and live outside the camp. David meets a girl, Maria, whom he adores and had a crush on, and ultimately moves to West Germany, and from there to Denmark.
Eszbieta Dadok

**Eszbieta Dadok** is a retired para-alpine skier from Poland. She competed for her country in alpine skiing at the 1984 and 1988 Winter Paralympic Games in Innsbruck, Austria, where she won six bronze medals.

## Career 
At the 1984 Winter Paralympics, Dadok earned third place in the slalom with a time of 1:22.81 (behind gold medalist Gunilla Ahren at 1:16.04 and silver medalist Kathy Poohachof at 1:17.04).She also took third in the alpine super combined (with a time of 3:47.19, again behind Gunilla Ahren and Kathy Poohachof), and in the giant slalom, while finishing fourth in the downhill. All these races were in the LW6/8 category. She also won another bronze medal in the LW3 slalom.

Four years later, at the 1988 Winter Paralympics, Dadok finished third in both the slalom and giant slalom races, and placed fifth in the downhill.

Dadok also participated in the 1992 Winter Paralympics in Albertville, competing in the LW5/7,6/8 category. She finished fourth in the super-G, fifth in the slalom, and sixth in both the giant slalom and downhill events.

## Other websites 
* Eszbieta Dadok at Paralympic.org

## References
Sigma Scorpii

**Sigma Scorpii (**officially known as **Alniyat**) is a multiple star system in the constellation of Scorpius. It is located near the brighter red supergiant star Antares. The star system has a combined apparent visual magnitude of +2.88, making it one of the brighter stars of the constellation. According to the parallax measurements that were made during the Hipparcos mission, the distance to Alniyat is about 696 light years. North *et al.* (2007) calculated a more accurate distance of 568 light years or 509 to 643 light years.

## References
Praneeth Nekuri

**Praneeth Nekuri** (born December 18, 1996) is an Indian physician, entrepreneur, film and music producer, and philanthropist. He is the CEO of Crystolyte Associates India, a company focused on addressing unemployment issues in India through skill development and the establishment of manufacturing enclaves in rural areas. Praneeth's career spans medicine, business, and media production, making him a multifaceted professional with a vision for innovation and talent nurturing.

## Awards 
* International Medical Excellence Award 2022
* Global Entrepreneurship Award 2018
* World Film Producer of the Year 2019
* Best Music Producer - International 2016
* Global Health Innovator Award 2019
* International Excellence in Arts and Entertainment 2022
* World Humanitarian Award for Medical Innovation 2016
* Global Visionary Leader Award 2022

## References 
## Other Website 
* Official Website
Walla Zaman Ya Selahy

"**Wallāh Zamān, Yā Silāḥī**" () was the national anthem of the United Arab Republic from 1960 to 1971.

## Lyrics
1988 Winter Paralympics

The **1988 Winter Paralympic Games** () were the fourth Winter Paralympics, held in Innsbruck, Austria. These were the last Winter Paralympics held in a different place from the Winter Olympics. Starting in 1992, the Olympics and Paralympics were held in the same or nearby cities. The 1988 Paralympics were not held in Calgary, Canada, where the Olympics were, because of money and recruiting problems. A total of 377 athletes from 22 countries took part. The USSR competed for the first and only time. A new event called sit-skiing was added in both Alpine and Nordic skiing. Other sports were biathlon and ice sledge speed racing. Knut Lundstroem from Norway was the most successful athlete, winning four gold medals in the 100m, 500m, 1000m, and 1500m events.

## Sports 
*  Alpine skiing
*  Ice sledge speed racing
* Nordic skiing
**  Biathlon
**  Cross-country skiing

## Medal table 
Here are the top 10 countries (NPCs) with the most gold medals. The host country, Austria, is highlighted.

## Participating nations 
Twenty-two countries took part in the 1984 Winter Paralympics. Soviet Union  joined for the first time. 
*
* (**Host nation**)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

## Related pages 
* 1988 Winter Olympics
* 1988 Summer Paralympics

## References 

## Other websites 
* International Paralympic Committee
* The event at SVT's open archive
GQ Lupi b

**GQ Lupi b** or **GQ Lupi B** is a possible exoplanet, brown dwarf or sub-brown dwarf orbiting (going around) GQ Lupi. Its discovery was announced in April 2005. This was one of the first extrasolar planet candidates to be imaged directly, along with 2M1207b.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
*
*
Waterford Baptist Church

**Waterford Baptist Church** is a Christian congregation located on Catherine Street in Waterford, Ireland. The church is known for its commitment to the teachings of the Bible, emphasizing a return to the practices of the early Christians. As a congregation, they identify as "Bible Christians," focusing on the belief that the Bible is the final authority on all matters of faith and practice. The church also aligns itself with evangelical principles, emphasizing the message of salvation through Jesus Christ.

## History 
Waterford Baptist Church has served the local community for centuries, offering regular worship services and community activities. The church's doctrine is rooted in the teachings of the New Testament, with a focus on the gospel's message of reconciliation with God through Jesus Christ. Established in 1650, it is thought to be one of the oldest Baptist churches in Ireland. The founding is attributed to Thomas Patient, a signatory to the 1644 Confession of Faith, and one of six Baptist ministers sent by the British parliament to Ireland. On 1st June 1653, representatives of ten Irish congregations met in Waterford and sent what became known as The Waterford Letter to London. This letter is said to have influenced the London Baptist leaders in determining which churches were regarded as being in fellowship with them. For these reasons, despite continuing to be a small congregation, The Waterford Baptist Church is considered significant in the history of Baptism in Ireland.

## Beliefs and Practices 
Waterford Baptist Church identifies primarily as "Christians," aiming to follow Jesus Christ closely as recorded in the Bible. They describe themselves as "Bible Christians," upholding the Bible as the authoritative word of God. The church also considers itself evangelical, focusing on the message of salvation, which is central to their teachings.

## Services and Community Involvement 
The church holds regular services every Sunday at 11 a.m., including communion on the first Sunday of each month. In addition to worship services, they host a Wednesday evening study group at 7:30 p.m. The church is actively involved in community-building activities, including monthly church lunches and other events.

## Contact and Location 
Waterford Baptist Church is located on Catherine Street, Waterford, Ireland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Waterford Baptist Church Official Website
Southern Bell

The **Southern Bell** Telephone Company is a telecommunications provider in the Southeastern United States. It does business as the "new" AT&T (or *American Telephone and Telegraph*). The network operates in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Until 1968, the company also operated in Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama and several sections of Louisiana. In 1968, Southern Bell Telephone was renamed South Central Bell in those five states.

Southern Bell was founded in 1879 in Atlanta, Georgia.

Right after the Bell System breakup on January 1, 1984, Southern Bell and South Central Bell were operated by the Regional Operating Bell System Company BellSouth. The two names stopped being used in the early-to-mid 1990s. However, they were brought back in the late 2000s or early 2010s by the "new" AT&T and began doing business as such.

## References
South Central Bell

The **South Central Bell Telephone Company** is an Internet/telephone network provider in the Southern United States. It operates in Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee and part of Louisiana. It was created in July 1968 when the Southern Bell telephone company was divided.

Beginning in 1992, the name *South Central Bell* was no longer used for corporate marketing although the SCB provider still exists. Southern Bell and South Central Bell today do business as the "new" AT&T (or *American Telephone and Telegraph*). This is following a merger between SBC Communications and the original AT&T in 2006. In the late 2000s or 2010s, the South Central Bell and Southern Bell names were brought back by the "new" AT&T.

## References
XO-3b

**XO-3b** is an exoplanet orbiting (going around) its parent star XO-3 in about 3.2 days. It is about 11.79 times the mass of Jupiter. The radius of this object is about 1.217 times the radius of Jupiter. This object was announced in May 30, 2007 at the American Astronomical Society.

## References
Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics

At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, there were 29 athletics events. 23 of these were for men. 6 of these were for women. These events were the same in the 1932 games. There were 776 athletes. These athletes were from 43 different nations.

## Medal summary
### Men
### Women
## Records broken 
There were 20 new Olympic records. There were also 6 new world records that were broken.

### Men's Olympic and world records 
### Women's Olympic and world records
## References
*1936 Summer Olympics results: athletics, from https://www.sports-reference.com/; retrieved 2010-04-05.
*International Olympic Committee results database

## Notes
Bring It On: In It to Win It

***Bring It On: In It to Win It*** is a 2007 American teen comedy movie directed by Steve Rash It's the fourth installment in the *Bring It On* series. It stars Ashley Benson, Cassie Scerbo, Michael Copon and Jennifer Tisdale and was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites 
*
Killer application

A **killer application** is software that is very necessary or wanted which makes people want to buy its computer hardware, video game console, software platform, or operating system. People will buy the platform just to access that software, which can increase sales of the platform a lot.

## Examples
 was released in 1979, becoming the earliest agreed-on example of a killer application.]]
One of the first agreed-on examples of a killer application is the VisiCalc spreadsheet which was released in 1979 for the Apple II. The term killer application would be used in the late 1980s. Another example of a Killer Application is the Microsoft Office series of software, making them 54 billion U.S. dollars in 2024.

## References
Bring It On: Fight to the Finish

***Bring It On: Fight to the Finish*** is a 2009 American teen comedy movie directed by Bille Woodruff and is the fifth Installment in the *[Bring It On* series.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_It_On_(film_series)) It stars Christina Milian, Rachele Brooke Smith, Cody Longo, Vanessa Born, Gabrielle Dennis and Holland Roden and was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites 
*
United Arab States

The **United Arab States** () was a short-lived confederation of the United Arab Republic and the Kingdom of Yemen from 1958 to 1961.
Paetongtarn Shinawatra

**Paetongtarn Shinawatra**  (; ; born 21 August 1986) is a Thai politician and businesswoman. She was the 31st Prime Minister of Thailand from 2024 until her suspension in 2025. She has been the leader of the Pheu Thai Party since 2023. She is the youngest daughter of Thaksin Shinawatra (prime minister from 2001 to 2006) and the niece of Yingluck Shinawatra (prime minister from 2011 to 2014). In June 2025, she made herself Minister of Culture.

Shinawatra is the youngest person in Thai history to become prime minister and the second woman to hold the position.

## Early life
Paetongtarn was born on 21 August 1986 in Bangkok. Her father is Thaksin Shinawatra and her mother is Potjaman Na Pombejra. She graduated with a bachelor's degree in Political Science, Sociology, and Anthropology from the Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University in 2008 and continued her studies in England at the University of Surrey.

## Premiership
After the removal of Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin as prime minister by the Constitutional Court of Thailand on 14 August 2024, Paetongtarn was nominated by Pheu Thai to replace him. Her nomination was approved by parliament on 16 August. She became the youngest person and the second woman to become Prime Minister of Thailand.

### 2025 leak and suspension
On 15 June 2025, Paetongtarn had a 17-minute private phone call with Cambodian Senate President and former Prime Minister Hun Sen to talk about a peaceful solution to the 2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis. Three days later, a 9 minute audio recording of the call was leaked. Later that day, Hun Sen confirmed he had recorded the full conversation and posted it on his Facebook page. During the phone call, Paetongtarn called Hun Sen as "uncle" since Hun Sen is a longtime friend of her father, Thaksin. Paetongtarn then asked Hun Sen to "please have some sympathy for [his] niece" and that she will take care of anything he needed.

After the leak, Paetongtarn was criticized throughout the country. It led to the resignation of the Bhumjaithai Party from the governing coalition, causing 2025 Thai political crisis.

She was suspended from office by the Constitutional Court on 1 July 2025, and the deputy prime minister, Suriya Juangroongruangkit, took over as Thailand's acting leader.

On 29 August 2025, the Constitutional Court ruled 6–3 against Paetongtarn, officially removing her from office.

## Personal life
Shinawatra married businessman Pitaka Suksawat in 2019. They have two children.

## Notes
## References
San Rosendo

**San Rosendo** () is a Chilean city or commune in Bío Bío Province, Bío Bío Region. The other side of the river bank from San Rosendo is La Laja.

## History
The fort of San Rosendo was built in 1593 by Martín García Óñez de Loyola near Central Chile, and destroyed in 1655 by the Mapuche.
It was later rebuilt in 1723 but the fort did not survive the rising. It was later in 1826, the town of San Rosendo was established, and then the city of San Rosendo in 1867.

## References
Anti-intellectualism

; the comparison epitomizes the populist view of reading and study as antithetical to sport and athleticism. Note the disproportionate heads and bodies, with the size of the head representing mental ability and the size of the body representing physical ability. (Thomas Nast)]]

**Anti-intellectualism** is hostility to and the distrust of intellect, intellectuals, and intellectualism. 

## Overview
People who follow anti-intellectualism usually say that education and philosophy are overrated. They also say that art, literature, history, and science are impractical, politically motivated, and even contemptible human pursuits. Anti-intellectuals usually style themselves to be those who understand the common people. They see themselves as part of these common people too. They are like populists who fight against a political and academic elite. Fo them, educated people are a class that dominates political discourse and more advanced education while not understanding the concerns of ordinary people.

## History
### Modern period
In the past, totalitarian governments have manipulated and applied anti-intellectualism to repress political dissent. &#x5B;''''&#x5D; During the Spanish Civil War (1936 – 1939) and the following dictatorship (1939 – 1975) of General Francisco Franco, the reactionary repression of the White Terror (1936 – 1945) was notably anti-intellectual, with most of the 200,000 civilians killed, being mostly the Spanish intelligents, the politically active teachers and academics, artists and writers of the deposed Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939). During the Cambodian Genocide (1975 – 1979), the totalitarian regime of Cambodia led by Pol Pot nearly destroyed its entire educated population.

## References
Economic rent

In neoclassical economics, **economic rent** refers to any payment (in the context of a market transaction) made to the owner of a factor of production or resource whose supply is fixed.  In classical economics, economic rent is any payment made or benefits received for non-produced, scarce inputs such as location (as in a land lot) and/or assets which are formed by creating official exclusive privileges over natural opportunities and resources.

## References
Cuautitlán

**Cuautitlán** may refer to:

## Geography 
*Cuautitlán Municipality, Mexico, a Municipality of Mexico State.
*Cuautitlán Izcalli Municipality, a Municipality of Mexico State.
*Cuautitlán Municipality, Jalisco, a Municipality of Jalisco State.
Peccary

**Peccaries** (**javelinas** or **skunk pigs**) are pig-like ungulates of the family **Tayassuidae**. They live in Central and South America. including Trinidad. 

Peccaries are between  in length, and a full-grown adult usually weighs about . They are the closest relatives of the family Suidae, which contains pigs and relatives. These are in the order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates).

Peccaries live in herds. They eat roots, insects, and a lot of other foods. They can identify each other by their strong odors. A group of peccaries that travel and live together is called a *squadron*. A squadron of peccaries usually has between six and nine members.

Peccaries first came into existence in North America during the Miocene and moved into South America during the Pliocene–Pleistocene as part of the Great American Interchange.

Many people confuse them with domestic pigs gone wild. There are domestic "razorback" hogs in many parts of the United States. The two may have ranges that overlap.

The Maya kept herds of peccaries, using them in rituals and for food. They are kept as pets in many countries as well as being raised on farms as a source of food.

## References
Ozumba

**Ozumba** (or *Ozumba de Alzate*) is a town in the state of México in Mexico. About 3,000 people live there.

## References
Wikimedia RU

**Wikimedia RU** (), or **Wikimedia Russia** was a non-profit Wikimedia division created to support the creation and maintenance of pages on the Russian Wikipedia.
Enrique Aguilar

**Enrique Marlon Aguilar** (born January 27, 2007) is a Swiss footballer. He  plays as a forward for 2. Liga club Liefering. 
## Club career
Aguilar began his career at FC Basel. In February 2023, the attacker moved to Austria to the FC Red Bull Salzburg academy. 
For the 2024/25 season, Aguilar moved into the squad of the farm team FC Liefering.  He made his debut in the 2nd league in August 2024 when he came on as a substitute for Zeteny Jano in the 88th minute on the second matchday of that season against SV Lafnitz.

In February 2025, Aguilar received a professional contract with Salzburg.  He is part of the Bundesliga squad for the 2025/26 season. He participated in the Club World Championship with the team in June 2025. In the Bundesliga he debuted on 23 August 2025 when he came on in the 70. minute for Petar Ratkov versus LASK. 

## International 
Aguilar played for a Swiss youth national team for the first time in September 2022. From August 2023 to October 2023, he played five times for the U-17 team.

## References
Teotihuacán Municipality

**Teotihuacán Municipality** is a municipality in the state of Mexico in Mexico.

## Government 
## Demography 
## Other websites 
*
Dark Lane Demo Tapes

***Dark Lane Demo Tapes*** is the sixth mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake. *Dark Lane Demo Tapes* was released on May 1, 2020.

On April 30, 2020, Drake posted on his Instagram and confirmed the mixtape's title, album art, and the release date of the next day. He would also announce the future release of his sixth studio album release *Certified Lover Boy*.

The album's cover art is an image of Drake wearing a balaclava while standing in the dark. The back cover art is a blurred picture of and tribute to his late-friend Anthony “Fif” Soares who was murdered at Toronto Community Housing on September 14, 2017. The mixtape is a combination of both songs from Drake's SoundCloud and leaks of older songs.

The album debuted at #2 on the *Billboard* 200, selling 223,000 album-equivalent units. It was the twelfth straight Top 10 album for Drake. All of the songs off of the album would enter the *Billboard* Hot 100. *Dark Lane Demo Tapes* would be certified 2× Platinum by Music Canada. 

The album features the single "Toosie Slide" which was released on April 3, 2020.

## Songs
## Footnotes
## References
Dating platform

A **dating platform** is a website, which focuses on matching people with similar interests. Usually, this is done to find someone to have a date with. Sometimes, this is like a marriage broker. When people visit the site, they can create a profile. The people running the site, will then show matching profiles, and give a means to contact the other people. Usually, this is a paying service, people pay a fee to get a number of matches. There may be other fees, such as that of being able to send a message, to see pictures, or to be able to answer a message.

These platforms can be differentiated:

* Finding a partner - much like a marriage agency
* Casual dating
* serving special interest groups (for example, finding someone who is also into certain sexual fetishes, or into BDSM...)

Different target group:

* The platform caters to anyone. There are many people registered, and finding a match is not difficult.
* Specialized dating platforms: For example, only taking people with a higher education, or people who adhere to a religious group

Different financing:

* Some of these platforms are free to use. They will likely finance themselves using advertising
* Some platfpoms require a paid subscription

Ways to find matches:

* When people are registered, they are able to search for matches, and to filter those matches according to certain criteria (such as age). 
* Some platforms screen their profiles, so as to eliminate fake profiles (of people that don't really exist, and are there to trick users)
* Some platofrms guarantee a certain number of matches or contact requests.
Magné, Deux-Sèvres

**Magné** is a commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Deux-Sèvres department in west France.

## References
Kingisepp

**Kingisepp** (, formerly **Yamburg** ()) is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is along the Luga River. It is  southwest of St. Petersburg,  east of Narva, and  south of the Gulf of Finland. In 2010, 48,488 people lived there.

## History 
The town was first mentioned in 1384. The Novgorodians built a fortress there against the Swedes. It was called Yama, after the ethnic Finno-Ugric group) name Jaama. The citadel withstood sieges by the Teutonic Knights in 1395 and from 1444 to 1448. At the end of the Livonian War, it was assigned to Sweden, but returned twelve years later, in 1595.

In 1703, the town was finally taken by the Russians during the Great Northern War. In 1708, Peter the Great granted the town to Alexander Menshikov as the Duke of Izhora.

The city name was kept unchanged until 1922, when the Bolsheviks renamed in honor of the Estonian communist leader Viktor Kingissepp.
Kathy Poohachof

**Kathy Poohachof** is a retired American para-alpine skier. She competed for the United States at the 1980 Winter Paralympics in Geilo, Norway, and the 1984 Winter Paralympics in Innsbruck, Austria. Overall, she won five silver medals in alpine skiing.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Kathy Poohachof at Paralympic.org
Chicoloapan Municipality

**Chicoloapan Municipality** is a municipality in the Mexican state of Mexico. The municipal seat and largest city is Chicoloapan de Juárez. The municipality has an area of 60.89&nbsp;km². In 2010, 175,053 people lived there.
Chicoloapan de Juárez

**Chicoloapan** or **Chicoloapan de Juárez** is a town in the Mexican state of Mexico. It is the municipal seat of and largest city in the Chicoloapan Municipality. In 2010, 168,591 people lived there.

## References
Parnaíba

**Parnaíba** is a city in the Brazilian state of Piauí. In 2020, 153,482 people lived here. Its area is about 435&nbsp;km². It is the second largest city in Piauí by population, after the capital Teresina.

## Other websites 
*
Karl Preining

Karl Preining is a para-alpine skier from Austria. He competed for  Austria in the 1984 Winter Paralympics and 1988 Winter Paralympics.

In 1984, he won three gold medals in alpine skiing: in the Men's Alpine Combination B1 event, the Men's Downhill B1 event, and the Men's Giant Slalom B1 event.

## References
North Gaza Governorate

**North Gaza Governorate**  محافظة شمال غزة  is one of the governorates in the Gaza Strip. The population of the governorate is estimated at 281 thousand people in 2005, distributed among the population centers and includes (the city of Jabalia, the city of Beit Lahia, and the city of Beit Hanoun). The Palestinian Authority assumed the administration of the governorate in implementation of the Oslo Agreement in 1993, after the Israeli army forces had used it as their headquarters during the occupation of the Gaza Strip between 1967 and 1994.

## Human Rights and Environmental problems 
In addition to the ongoing dangers of the wastewater treatment plant to the environment and the health of the population, the sewage treatment plant poses a major threat to the security and safety of the residents of the surrounding areas, and the consequences of the leakage and flooding of wastewater do not affect the village of Umm Al-Nasr alone, but the entire region, especially the city of Beit Lahia, which is inhabited by about 55,000 people. The municipality built 9-meter-high barriers, but the high water level, especially in the winter, threatens to collapse the earthen barriers, which would constitute a new environmental disaster. Our prediction came true when one of the ponds exploded, killing nine people and forcing the Bedouin village to abandon its inhabitants last month.

## Governors 
* Zahdi Mahmoud Saeed Amer, (September 15, 1996-2001)
* Sakher Bseiso, (2001-February 2005)
* Ismail Mohammed Yassin Abu Shamala, (March 27, 2005-2013)
* Salah Ihsan Muhammad Abu Warda, (July 2, 2014 - August 10, 2023  )

## References
Hyloxalus faciopunctulatus

The **Puerto Narino  rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus faciopunctulatus*) is a frog.  It lives in Colombia. Scientists think it could also live in Brazil and Peru.

## Home
This frog lives on the ground in forests. People have seen this frog in places where there is water in the air, but scientists are not sure if this is the only kind of place it can live. People have seen this frog between 40 and 200 meters above sea level.

## Young
Scientists think this frog has young the same way other frogs in *Hyloxalus* do: The female frog lays eggs on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists do not know whether this frog is in danger of dying, but they think people might change the places where it lives too much, for example changing forests to farms.

## References
Fairview, California

**Fairview** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alameda County, California, United States. It borders on the city of Hayward and the census-designated place of Castro Valley. 11,341 people lived here at the 2020 census.

## References
Nanteuil-la-Forêt

**Nanteuil-la-Forêt** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Marne department in northeast France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Marne department
1984 Winter Paralympics

The **1984 Winter Paralympic Games** () were the third Winter Paralympics. They took place from January 14 to 20, 1984, in Innsbruck, Austria. These were the first Winter Paralympics organized by a group called the International Co-ordinating Committee (ICC), which started on March 15, 1982, in Leysin, Switzerland. The Games allowed athletes with cerebral palsy to compete. There were three sports: alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, and ice sledge speed racing. The best athlete was a German skier named Reinhild Moeller, who won 3 gold medals and 1 silver medal. The Games, also called the 3rd World Winter Games for the Disabled, were officially approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The regular 1984 Winter Olympics happened in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, where, for the first time, 30 male three-track skiers competed in a Giant Slalom event. 

## Sports  
*  Alpine skiing

*  Ice sledge speed racing
*  Cross-country skiing 

## Medal table 
Here are the top 10 countries (NPCs) with the most gold medals. The host country, Austria, is highlighted.

## Participating nations 
Twenty-one countries took part in the 1984 Winter Paralympics. The Netherlands and Spain joined for the first time. Belgium and Poland came back to the Winter Games after not being in the 1980 Winter Paralympics.

*
* (**Host nation**)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

## Related pages 
* 1984 Winter Olympics 
* 1984 Summer Paralympics

## References 
## Other websites 
* International Paralympic Committee
* The event at SVT's open archive
Hyloxalus cevallosi

The **Palanda rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus cevallosi*) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body
The adult male frog is about 18.2 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 20.6–21.0 mm long.  There is a line down each side of its body starting at the eye.  The female frog has a white belly and the male frog has a gray belly. The male frog's male organs are white in color.

## Name
Scientists named this frog for Don Gabriel Cevallos, a writer, thinker, and history reader.

## Home
This frog lives in forests high in the hills where there is a lot of rain and there is water in the air. It is not good at living in places that humans have changed. People have seen this frog between 480 and 1040 meters above sea level.

## Young
Scientists think this frog has young the same way other frogs in *Hyloxalus* do: The female frog lays eggs on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. Think people change the places where it lives too much, for example changing forests to farms and places for animals to eat grass and cutting down trees to get wood to build with and making other things people need.

## References
Ognes, Oise

**Ognes** is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Oise department

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Oława

**Oława** () is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland. It is the seat of Oława County. About 33,000 people live there. Its area is 27.34&nbsp;km².
Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres

The '''men's 100 metres** sprint was an event in the **1936 Olympic Games''' in Berlin, Germany. They were in the Olympiastadion on 2 and 3 August. The final was won by 0.1 seconds by the American Jesse Owens. Ralph Metcalfe was also from America, and was in 2nd place. Tinus Osendarp of the Netherlands won 3rd place. This was their first medal in this event.

## Background
This was the 10th time this event was in the Olympics. This event has been in every Olympics. There were 2 finalists from 1932 in this event. Ralph Metcalfe was in 2nd place in 1932. Takayoshi Yoshioka was in 6th place in 1932. The favorite runner in this race was Jesse Owens.

This was the first time that Afghanistan, Colombia, Liechtenstein, Malta, Peru, and Yugoslavia were in the Olympics. The United States was the only nation that had been in this event for every Olympic games.

## Competition
The event had the same format from 1920–1932. There were heats, quarterfinals, semifinals, and a final. There were 12 heats. Each heat had 4–6 athletes. The 2 fastest runners in each heat went to the quarterfinals. The 24 quarterfinalists were put into 4 heats. Each heat had 6 athletes. The 3 fastest runners in each quarterfinal went to the semifinals. There were 2 semifinals. Each semifinal had 6 racers. The 3 fastest racers in each semifinal went to the final. The final had 6 athletes.

## References