open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Valdas Adamkus

**Valdas Adamkus** (born 3 November 1926) is a Lithuanian politician and engineer. He was the President of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2009.

## Life
He was born on November 3, 1926, in Kaunas, Lithuania. His birth name was **Valdemaras Adamkavičius**. In 1951, he married Alma Adamkienė.

On 3 January 2025, Adamkus was hospitalized in Vilnius after experiencing heart failure. Nine months later, in late September, Adamkus was hospitalized again for an infection.

## Career
Before entering politics in Lithuania, Adamkus emigrated to the United States, having studied and lived in Chicago and Ohio. In the 1970s, he worked for the United States Environmental Protection Agency, serving as the agency's deputy administrator for the Great Lakes Region.

First elected in 1998, he ended his term in office in 2003. When Rolandas Paksas, the new elected president, was impeached and removed by the Lithuanian Parliament in 2004, Adamkus was re-elected. He chose not to run for re-election during the Lithuanian presidential election in 2009.  He was succeeded on 12 July 2009 by Dalia Grybauskaitė.

Following the end of his term as president, Adamkus remained involved in international development, and a member of the European Academy of Diplomacy.

## References
## Other websites
* Website of the Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus  
* The Official Website of the President of the Republic of Lithuania  
* Videos of the President of the Republic of Lithuania 
* 2005 Interview with a Ukrainian journalist  
* Acknowledgement of lifetime achievements at the US EPA
* European Voice – Mister persistent Valdas Adamkus
* Institution of the President of the Republic of Lithuania
Toronto Raptors

The **Toronto Raptors** are a Canadian professional basketball team  in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They are based in Toronto. They were started in 1995. They play their home games at Scotiabank Arena. They are the only NBA team currently playing in Canada.

For the 2019 season, the Raptors won the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time in the team's history. Because of this, they also got the chance to play in the NBA Finals for the first time in their history. They won the NBA Finals against the two-time defending champion Golden State Warriors in six games and became the first Canadian team to win an NBA Final. Kawhi Leonard was named the Finals MVP for the second time in his career.

On November 2, 2024, the Raptors retired Vince Carter's No. 15 jersey number. Carter became the first player from the team's history to have his jersey retired.

## References
## Other websites
*
TD Canada Trust

**TD Canada Trust** is the personal, small business and commercial banking operation of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (TD) in Canada. It was created when two banks merged, Toronto Dominion and Canada Trust in 2000.

## Sources
## Other websites 
*TD Canada Trust
*TD Canada Trust Deposit Registers 
*TD Canada Trust Locations
Toronto Argonauts

The **Toronto Argonauts** (officially the **Toronto Argonaut Football Club** and commonly known as the **Argos**) are a professional Canadian football team based in Toronto, Ontario. The Argonauts play in the East Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Started in 1873, the team is the oldest professional sports team in North America still using its original name, as well as the oldest-surviving team in both the modern-day CFL and East Division. The team's origins date back to a modified version of rugby football that emerged in North America in the latter half of the 19th century. The Argonauts played their home games at Rogers Centre (originally known as SkyDome) from 1989 until 2016, when the team moved to BMO Field, the fifth stadium site (on the footprint of their third home Exhibition Stadium) to host the team.

The Argonauts have won the Grey Cup a record 19 times and have appeared in the final 25 times. Most recently, they defeated the Winnipeg Blue Bombers 41–24 in the 111th Grey Cup in 2024. The Argonauts hold the best winning percentage in the championship game (.760) and have the longest active winning streak in games in which they have appeared, at eight. The Argonauts have faced every current western CFL team at least once in the Grey Cup, while their most celebrated divisional rivalry has been with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats.

The team was founded and owned by the Argonaut Rowing Club for its first 83 years, and has been owned by a series of business interests since 1956. The Argonauts were a fixture on the Toronto sports scene for decades, with attendance peaking in the 1970s. In May 2015, a consortium of Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment's Larry Tanenbaum (via the Kilmer Group) and Bell Canada reached an agreement to acquire the team. The sale included a scheduled move to the MLSE-run BMO Field for the 2016 season, which had long been proposed given poor attendance at Rogers Centre. MLSE announced in December 2017 that it had agreed to purchase the team outright, with the deal finalized on January 19, 2018. The previous owners continue to indirectly own stakes in the Argos, as Bell Canada and the Kilmer Group respectively hold 37.5% and 25% stakes in MLSE.

Given the length of the team's history, dozens of players, coaches, and management have been honoured in some form over the years. The team recognizes a select group of players with retired numbers - early greats Joe Krol and Dick Shatto, stalwart offensive lineman Danny Nykoluk, and Michael "Pinball" Clemons, who has been the most recent face of the team. 

## Other websites
*Toronto Argonauts official website
Potato chip

A **potato chip** (also known as a **potato crisp** in the United Kingdom) is a thin slice of potato that has been baked or fried and lightly salted or seasoned. Some popular flavors of potato chips are: salt and vinegar, ketchup, sour cream and onion. They are one of the most important snack foods in Western nations. In England, they are called "Crisps". In America, they are called "Potato chips". 

In the 1790s, Thomas Jefferson brought thick french fries to the United States from France. However, a  at a restaurant at the Moon Lake Lodge in Saratoga Springs, New York, was making the chef, George Crum, angry by saying that the fries were not thin enough. Finally, George Crum became so angry he decided to . He sliced the potatoes so thinly they could not even be pierced with a fork. Then he put them in ice water for 30 minutes. George Crum later opened his own restaurant that served his special potato chips.

## Notes 
## References
* Choron, Sandra. ''The Big Book of Kids' Lists*. New York: World Almanac Publications, 1985.
* Caney, Steven. *Steven Caney's Kids' America.* New York: Workman Publishing, 1978
* Flexner, Stuart Berg. *Listening to America.* New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982.
* Sutton, Caroline. *How Did They Do That*? New York: William Morrow and Co., 1987
*  

## Other websites 
* Taquitos.net (more than 900 reviews of potato chips)
* A short documentary *How Do They Make Potato Chips?''
University of Toronto

The **University of Toronto** is a university based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was created by the King of the United Kingdom in 1827, many years before Canada became a country. 

The university has land in downtown Toronto, Scarborough, and Mississauga. Its land in downtown Toronto is called the University of Toronto Saint George and it is the oldest and biggest of the three places. Its land in Scarborough is called the University of Toronto Scarborough and its land in Mississauga is called the University of Toronto Mississauga.

The university has 11 different colleges where students at the University of Toronto Saint George live and study. These colleges all have their own buildings, dining halls and libraries. Some colleges relate to Christian churches, but other colleges are not religious. The university also has hospitals and many places for research.

In teaching, the University of Toronto is known for its ideas about literature and communication. It is also the place where insulin and stem cells were first found. Its people built the first electron microscope, found the first black hole, and began a touchscreen technology called multi-touch. It is the university that has the most money and research work in Canada. The university's sports teams are called the Varsity Blues, and they have very long histories in American football and ice hockey. The University of Toronto has been ranked as one of the top universities in the world.

## References 
* Friedland, Martin L. (2002). *The University of Toronto: A History*. The University of Toronto Press. .

## Other websites 
* University of Toronto
Brampton, Ontario

**Brampton** ( or ) is the third-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. It is in the Peel Region. At the time of the 2021 Canadian census, Brampton's population was 656,480 people. Brampton is now the 9th largest city in Canada.

Brampton was made into a village in 1853. It took its name from the town of Brampton, England. Brampton was once known as **The Flower Town of Canada**. It was called this because of the city's large greenhouse industry. Today, the city is the home of the national headquarters of Loblaw Companies, HBC/Zellers, Brita, Clorox and other companies. The city is also home to Canadian Forces Army Reserve unit The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment).

## History
In 1834, a man named John Elliott  land into lots and started to sell these lots. He called the area "Brampton", and others started to do the same.

In 1853 Brampton was made into a village.

Edward Dale, an immigrant from Dorking, England, opened a flower nursery in Brampton after he got to the town in 1863. and was the largest flower business in North America. The company also brought about the development of other nurseries in the town. Brampton became the home 48 flower nurseries. On 24 June 2002 Brampton City Council started the "Flower City Strategy". They wanted to show the town's history of growing flowers using this strategy. In 2007 the Rose Theatre was opened Many residents want the hospital to be re-opened. They do not think the Brampton Civic Hospital is large enough for the size of Brampton.

In September of 2007, the Rose Theatre opened in Brampton. The theatre is seen as the start of a rebuilding of Brampton's downtown . Since the theatre opened, new businesses have opened in Brampton, and old businesses have renovated.

## References
## Other websites
* City of Brampton official website
* The Brampton Guardian, community newspaper
* The Brampton Bulletin , community newspaper
* The Brampton News , online-only news source
* Rogers Community Cable Brampton , television station
Greater Toronto Area

The **Greater Toronto Area** (GTA) is the metropolitan area that includes Toronto and the surrounding cities such as Mississauga, Brampton, Markham and Vaughan. It is the most  metropolitan area in Canada.

## References
James Cameron

**James Francis Cameron** (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian Academy and Golden Globe Award winning movie director. He is also an oceanographer. He is best known for his hit movies *The Terminator*, *Aliens*, *Titanic*, and the *Avatar* franchise.

## References
## Other websites
*
The World Ends with You

***The World Ends with You***, released in Japan as  is an action role-playing game made by Square Enix and Jupiter for the Nintendo DS game console.

## Other websites 
* Official Japanese website
* Official North American website
* Official European website 
* Official DeviantArt account - Concept Art Slides
* Square Enix Members Site coverage
*
GTA

**GTA** may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment 
* *Grand Theft Auto*, series of video games by Rockstar Games
** *Grand Theft Auto* (video game), the original 1997 game
** *Grand Theft Auto Advance*, also known simply as *Grand Theft Auto*, 2004
* *Grand Theft Auto* (movie), a 1977 film directed by Ron Howard
* Grand Text Auto, a game studies blog by Nick Montfort
* GTA (DJs), an American electronic music duo

## Car models 
* Alfa Romeo
** GTA, a succession of Italian sport coupés (1965–1975) based on the Giulia
** 147 GTA, a high-performance version of the 147 hatchback
** 156 GTA, a high-performance version of the 156 saloon and estate
** MiTo GTA, a concept version of the Alfa Romeo MiTo
* Pontiac Firebird Trans Am GTA, a U.S. sport coupé (1987–1992)
* Renault Alpine GTA/A610, a French sport coupé (1986–1991)
* Renault GTA, a sub-compact by American Motors (1986–1987) based on the Renault 11

## Places 
* Gorkhaland Territorial Administration, semi-autonomous region in India
* Great Ayton railway station, England (station code: GTA)
* Greater Toronto Area, metropolitan area in Southern Ontario, Canada
* Goleta station, California, U.S. (station code: GTA)
## Other uses
*Gerakan Tanah Air, a Malaysian coalition started by former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in August 2022
Bomberman Land Touch!

***Bomberman Land Touch!*** (***Touch! Bomberman Land DS*** in Japan) is a Puzzle/Mini-game collection video game made by Hudson Soft and published by Hudson Soft, Atlus, Rising Star Games, Red Ant Enterprises and Nintendo in many different places for the Nintendo DS game console.

## Other websites
* Official English page 
* European page 
* Official page  at Hudson Soft's Japan Website
* Nintendo of Korea page 
* Official Bomberman Land website
Bomberman

***Bomberman*** is a series of video games created by Hudson Soft, now owned by Konami, and still has many games released to this day.
 of Bomberman, holding a skull item.]]
***Bomberman*** is also the name of the character himself, who is the subject of the games. Most of these games revolve around him escaping a maze or solving a puzzle using bombs, defeating enemies, and reaching the end goal, whether a door or a solved puzzle. 

***Bomberman*** is also known for its multiplayer mode, in which anywhere from 2 to 64 players can fight to the death to determine the winner. One wins when they are the last one standing. Collectible items have multiple effects, from increasing maximum bombs at once, to increasing explosion range of bombs, to even applying a negative effect to the player, like causing them to spin rapidly or throw bombs endlessly, usually resulting in the players death. 

Only a few games have strayed from the simple 2d formula, with good examples being the Nintendo 64 games, in which ***Bomberman*** was played in 3rd person, and used bombs to solve puzzles like unlocking waterways and opening gates. 

## List of Bomberman games
### Spinoffs
### Coin-ops
Prince Sports

**Prince Sports, Inc.** is an American manufacturer of equipment for racquet sports. It is based in Bordentown, New Jersey.

## Other websites 
* Prince site
Dustin Pedroia

**Dustin Luis Pedroia** (born August 17, 1983 in Woodland, California) is a Major League Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox. He played college baseball at Arizona State University.  He is  and . He won the 2007 American League Rookie of the Year award.

## Other websites 
* 
*Baseball Reference  minor league statistics
*Minor League Splits and Situational Stats 
*No. 45 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2005 - Minor League News - Situational Stats 
*No. 23 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2006 - Minor League News
York University

:*This article is about the Canadian university. For the British university, see University of York.*

**York University** (French: *Université York*), is a Canadian university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. York University is Canada's third largest university. It first opened in 1959. 

## References
Stroller

ed pram]]

A **stroller** (Canada & U.S.A.)  or **pram** (U.K) is a hand-pushed vehicle to carry babies and young infants. More general terms include **child carrier**, **baby transport** or **baby carrier**.

## Criticism
They're criticised for reducing physical activity, a study in Toronto concluded it could increase obesity by reducing physical exercise.

Strollers (including foldable ones) are also hard to carry in public transportation, take place when stored, and several designs are criticised.

They are also one of the most expensive pieces of furniture for babies. Theft of those is reported to happen, sometimes bycicle locks have been used to prevent them from being stolen.

## Are strollers really necessary for a baby? 
Strollers are not absolutely necessary for a baby, but they can be a great convenience for parents. Strollers can provide a safe and comfortable way to transport a baby, and can be a great way to get out and about with a baby. Ultimately, whether or not strollers are necessary for a baby depends on a variety of factors, including lifestyle, living situation, and personal preference. While strollers can be a helpful tool for many parents, they are not a requirement for raising a healthy and happy baby.

## Types of stroller 
There are several different types of strollers:
* **Standard strollers** - also called full-size or regular strollers, are usually designed to allow babies to lie on their backs for the first few months. Some are designed to hold infant car seats for when the baby is older. They are usually built with enclosed sides or some type of containment. Some baby strollers may have features to stop babies from slipping through leg openings.
* **Jogging strollers** - are for serious runners. Using lightweight-frames and air-filled tires, a jogging stroller provides a smooth ride for a child on nearly any surface..
* **Travel systems** - include an infant car seat and a toddler stroller in a single system. The infant car seat can be used for car journeys and clicks into the toddler stroller base. Once the child has outgrown the infant seat, the toddler stroller can be used by itself.
* **Tandem or double strollers** - can hold two children. In tandem designs, one child sits in back of the other, making it easier to maneuver through stores or crowds because a tandem is the same width as a single stroller.
* **Lightweight strollers or umbrella strollers** - are not equipped with much padding and at times not very modifiable; however, they are normally cheaper. Lightweight strollers are best suited for toddlers and older babies, or children who are one year old and older. They are not suitable for babies because they have little head support and do not recline completely.
* **Side by side double stroller -** holds two children. In side-by-side design, the children are sitting side by side.

## References
1986–87 NHL season

The **1986–87 NHL season** was the 70th season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The Edmonton Oilers won the Stanley Cup by beating the Philadelphia Flyers four games to three in the Cup finals.

## Regular season 
The Oilers won their second straight Presidents' Trophy as the top team and Wayne Gretzky won his eighth straight Hart Trophy and his seventh straight Art Ross Trophy.

### Final standings 
***Note:** W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes*
#### Prince of Wales Conference 
#### Clarence Campbell Conference 
### Scoring leaders 
*Note: GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points*

## Stanley Cup playoffs 
*Note: all dates in 1987*
**]]

### Playoff bracket 
### Finals 
**Edmonton Oilers Vs. Philadelphia Flyers'*

*Edmonton wins best-of-seven series 4–3''

## NHL awards 
### All-Star teams 
## First games 
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1986–87 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
* Gary Roberts, Calgary Flames
* Joe Nieuwendyk, Calgary Flames
* Dave Manson, Chicago Blackhawks
* Joe Murphy, Detroit Red Wings
* Steve Chiasson, Detroit Red Wings
* Kelly Buchberger*, Edmonton Oilers
* Jimmy Carson, Los Angeles Kings
* Luc Robitaille, Los Angeles Kings
* Steve Duchesne, Los Angeles Kings
* Craig Berube, Philadelphia Flyers
* Ron Hextall, Philadelphia Flyers
* Vincent Damphousse, Toronto Maple Leafs
* Fredrik Olausson, Winnipeg Jets

## Last games 
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1986–87 (listed with their last team):
* Thomas Gradin, Boston Bruins
* Mike Milbury, Boston Bruins
* Lee Fogolin, Buffalo Sabres
* Don Lever, Buffalo Sabres
* Gilbert Perreault, Buffalo Sabres
* Phil Russell, Buffalo Sabres
* Murray Bannerman, Chicago Blackhawks
* Darryl Sutter, Chicago Blackhawks
* Danny Gare, Edmonton Oilers
* Wayne Babych, Hartford Whalers
* Peter McNab, New Jersey Devils
* Mike Bossy, New York Islanders
* Chico Resch, Philadelphia Flyers

## References 
* Hockey Database
* NHL.com
Universal Music Group

**Universal Music Group** is a company that runs four record labels in the music industry. It is the largest business group and family of record labels in the world. It started in 1934 as "Decca Records USA" and had some other names, before it became "Universal Music Group" in 1996. The company is based in Santa Monica, California.

In 2023, UMG controlled 31.8% of the market share, making it the largest music group in the world. It is a subsidiary of French company Vivendi, with the Bolloré Family owning 28%, Tencent owning 20% of it, and Perishing Square Holdings owning another 10%. The rest is owned by various other investors. Vivendi's headquarters are in Paris, France. In the United States, UMG is in Santa Monica, California, and New York City, along with Universal Music Group Nashville; in the UK the group has a number of offices in London and Romford. 

## History
"Universal Music" was once the music division for the movie studio Universal Pictures. MCA Inc. bought American Decca in 1962. Seagram, the owner of MCA, would buy PolyGram in 1998 to form Universal Music Group (which had been MCA before 1996).

In 2007, Universal bought BMG's music publishing branch and folded it into the "Universal Music Publishing" division.

In 2012, Universal bought most of EMI's music recordings. After the buyout, Universal then sold some labels such as V2, Sanctuary, Mute, and Parlophone.

Universal Music Group has announced that it will develop an online site for music videos inspired by Hulu.com, the site setup by News Corp and NBC that allows free streaming of television shows. This website is named Vevo, and its music videos have been watched billions of times on YouTube. The company is also supported by musicians such as Marc Engelhard and, conversely, also refers to them.

## References
## Other websites
* Universal Music Group - Artists
Two Hands

***Two Hands*** is a movie released on 29 July 1999. It was made in Australia by director Gregor Jordan. The movie was the  for actor Heath Ledger. It won the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film in 1999. The movie was played at the Sundance Film Festival in the United States.

## References
Paisley, Renfrewshire

**Paisley** () is a town near Glasgow, Scotland. It is home to the Scottish Premier League association football team, St Mirren F.C.

Paisley is the largest town and fifth largest settlement in Scotland.

## Other websites
* Official Paisley Site
* Paisley2020.org – Future-focused website keeping you up-to-date with developments 
* ComeToPaisley.com - Paisley's Tourism Website  
* Paisley Mansions web page
* Paisley website focusing on old and up to date photographs of the town
Dundee United F.C.

**Dundee United Football Club** is a professional football club from Dundee, Scotland. They currently play in the Scottish Championship. The manager is Micky Mellon. In the 2018-19 season, they finished 2nd in the Championship behind Ross County. The club failed to regain promotion to the Premiership after losing the Premiership play-off against St. Mirren 2-0 on penalties. Dundee United won the 1982-83 Scottish Premier Division, and the Scottish Cup in 1994 and 2010.

## Name
*1909-1923 **Dundee Hibernian FC**
*1923-present **Dundee United FC**

## Stadium
Dundee United's home ground throughout their history has been Tannadice Park, located on Tannadice Street in the Clepington area of the city. It is situated only  away from Dens Park, home of rivals Dundee F.C.; the two stadia are the closest senior football grounds anywhere in the United Kingdom.

The club have only ever played one home fixture at another venue. This was a League Cup tie against Rangers in March 1947, when despite snow rendering Tannadice unplayable, the match was able to go ahead across the road at Dens Park.

The age and proximity of their stadia has led to the possibility of both clubs moving to a new, purpose-built shared stadium being discussed on various occasions. The most recent and serious proposal for this was put forward as part of Scotland's bid to joint-host the 2008 European Football Championship, with several clubs seeking to benefit from a new stadium with planning permission given to a proposed site at Caird Park. Special dispensation was requested to proceed with the proposal, as rules at the time forbade SPL teams from groundsharing. Following Scotland's failed bid to host the tournament, the scheme was shelved for the time being, although the plan was raised again in June 2008 following doubts about joint-host Ukraine's ability to stage Euro 2012 with the Scottish Football Association keen as alternative hosts.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official Dundee United FC website
*ArabZONE - Official Dundee United FC members only website 
*ArabTRUST 
*Dundee United Youth Development 
*Federation of Dundee United Supporters' Clubs 
*Dundee United BBC My Club page
Dani Güiza

**Daniel Gonzalez Güiza** (born August 17, 1980, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz) is a Spanish football player.

He started his football career at Xerez CD in 1999.  He scored 27 goals and he became a top scorer when he was at Mallorca in 2007/2008 season.  He was then transferred to Fenerbahçe.  He was called for the first time to Spanish National Football Team in 2008; in Euro 2008 he scored 2 goals.
Roger Clemens

**William Roger Clemens** (born August 4, 1962 in Dayton, Ohio) was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball.  Clemens played in the major leagues for 24 seasons for the Boston Red Sox, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Yankees, and Houston Astros, from  to .  Clemens has won seven Cy Young Awards, two more than any other pitcher.

## Other websites 
* 
*Baseball Library 
*Biography from the Roger Clemens Foundation 
*
*Roger Clemens  ads in the ZADZADZ ad database
The Scotsman

***The Scotsman*** is a daily newspaper from Scotland, United Kingdom. It has recently been changed to a compact form, but the Sunday version remains a broadsheet

## Other websites 
*Scotsman Official Website
BBC Sport

**BBC Sport** is part of the bbc.co.uk website run by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). It covers all sports from football and rugby to less high-profile sports such as hockey or badminton. The site includes an discussion board called **606** to allow fans to discuss events and sports-related news. BBC Sport also covers sporting events on BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC television, e.g. The Olympics.

## Other websites 
*
Turkey national football team

qualification.]]
 is the youngest player to have made a goal.]]
The **Turkish national football team** is the national football team of the Republic of Turkey and is worked by the Turkish Football Federation. They are in association with UEFA.

Turkey has a footballing tradition that has been  bad. In World Cup competition Turkey has qualified three times for the 1950, 1954, and 2002 editions. Turkey failed to make an appearance for the 1950 World Cup because they withdrew.

Turkey made it to the semi-finals during the UEFA Euro 2008, but then lost to Germany.

## Squad 
### 2011 
* Goalkeepers:
** Volkan Demirel, Sinan Bolat, Tolga Zengin
* Defenders:
** Servet Çetin, Hakan Balta, Gökhan Zan, İsmail Köybaşı, Egemen Korkmaz, Serkan Balcı, Giray Kaçar, Ömer Toprak, Gökhan Gönül
* Midfielders:
** Emre Belözoğlu , Hamit Altıntop, Selçuk İnan, Mehmet Ekici, Arda Turan, Mehmet Topal, Ozan Tufan, Selçuk Şahin, Gökhan Töre, Sabri Sarıoğlu, Yekta Kurtuluş, Mehmet Aurélio
* Forwards:
** Umut Bulut, Tunay Torun, Burak Yılmaz, Kazım Kazım, Mevlüt Erdinç

### 2021 
* Goalkeepers:
** Mert Günok, Altay Bayındır, Uğurcan Çakır
* Defenders:
** Zeki Çelik, Merih Demiral, Çağlar Söyüncü, Umut Meraş, Ozan Kabak, Rıdvan Yılmaz, Kaan Ayhan, Mert Müldür, Caner Erkin, Hasan Ali Kaldırım, Ömer Bayram
* Midfielders:
** Okay Yokuşlu, Ozan Tufan, Dorukhan Toköz, Hakan Çalhanoğlu, Yusuf Yazıcı, Taylan Antalyalı, Orkun Kökçü, Abdülkadir Ömür, İrfan Kahveci, Kerem Aktürkoğlu, Mahmut Tekdemir, Deniz Türüç
* Forwards:
** Cengiz Ünder, Kenan Karaman, Enes Ünal, Burak Yılmaz , Halil Dervişoğlu, Cenk Tosun

## Most appearances
*Updated on 16 June 2021*
* Players in bold are still active.

## Top scorers
*Updated on 16 June 2021*

* Players in bold are still active.

## Recent Games 
* Green means that the team won.
* Yellow means the team had a draw.
* Red means the team lost.

## Related pages 
* Turkey at the UEFA European Championship

## References 
## Other websites 
* Turkish soccer (football) latest news 
*  Official Site of Turkish Football Federation
*  Turkish Football Statistics
Feodor III of Russia

**Feodor (Theodore) III Alexeevich of Russia** was born on June 9, 1661, and died on May 7, 1682. He was the Tsar of all Russia between 1676 and 1682.
Lengnau, Berne

**Lengnau** is a municipality in the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
*
Sivasspor

**Sivasspor** is a Turkish football club founded in 1967 (57 years ago). Its stadium, the Sivas 4 Eylül Stadium is in Sivas city. Sivasspor's colours are red and white. It is called "Yiğidolar" in Turkey. Sivasspor became fourth in the Turkey Turkcell Super League 2007/2008 season. Sivasspor will play first match in Europe with Grbalj team to join Uefa Cup.

## History 
Sivasspor were originally formed on 14 May 1932 in Sivas as *Sivas Gençlik*. They sported *Kırmızı-Beyaz* (Red-White) shirts and *Beyaz* (White) shorts. They played many matches at the amateur level in their early years before they were allowed to play professionally. By the mid-1960s, *Sivas Gençlik* merged with *Yolspor* and *Kızılırmak*. They had hoped that this merger would help their push to join the professional leagues, the league closed their doors to Sivasspor once more.

There were several boycotts until 1 July 1967, when Sivasspor was allowed to play professional football in Turkey.

Due to there being many new clubs, the Turkish Football Federation decided to create a third league. They were permitted into the Second League along with Afyonspor, Balıkesirspor, Giresunspor, Kastamonuspor, Malatyaspor, Orduspor, Uşakspor, and Taksim GK. During their first professional season, Sivasspor finished 16th in their group, a mere four points from relegation. They also finished in the bottom half of the table the following season. They came close to promotion to the First League in 1971–72 and 1972–73 seasons but finished second behind Şekerspor and Adana Demirspor.

Sivasspor would remain in the lower leagues until winning the Second League in 2005, gaining automatic promotion. The club finished 8th in their first season in the Süper Lig. Werner Lorant led the team to key victories over clubs like Beşiktaş and Gençlerbirliği. At the end of their first season in the top flight, they finished with a record of ten wins, thirteen draws, and eleven losses, totaling out to 43 points. The club then finished 4th in the 2007–08 season, finishing on the same number of points as the second and third place teams but with an inferior goal difference. Sivasspor had the championship in their sights until the penultimate match, when they were beaten 5–3 by eventual champions Galatasaray. The 2008–09 season saw them finish 2nd after leading the table for much of the season. After losing their final match of the season, they finished behind leaders Beşiktaş by 5 points.

Sivasspor finished fourth in the 2019–20 Süper Lig season; hence, they qualified to the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League for the first time in their history.

On 26 May 2022, Sivasspor won their first major honour, the 2021–22 Turkish Cup in a 3–2 extra-time win over Kayserispor.

## Other websites 
https://www.flashscoreusa.com/team/sivasspor/OvblvwLr/

https://www.transfermarkt.us/sivasspor/startseite/verein/2381 

https://www.espn.com/soccer/team/_/id/3691/sivasspor

https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/sivasspor-team-standings
Falkirk F.C.

**Falkirk Football Club** is a Scottish professional football club currently playing in the Scottish Premier League.

## Stadium 
In the club's early years, a wide number of pitches and stadia were used. In 1885, the site of Brockville Park in Falkirk was leased, and there the club remained until the last day of the 2002-03 season. Due to Brockville's central location in the town, and the SPL's stringent stadium requirements, the dilapidated Brockville site, home of Falkirk for over 100 years, was no longer suitable for the club's ambitions. For season 2003-04, the club groundshared with Stenhousemuir at Ochilview stadium on the outskirts of the town. At the start of 2004-05 they moved into their new purpose built stadium which meets SPL criteria. The ground currently consists of two stands with a third due to start in the coming months.

The old Brockville ground was demolished in 2003/2004 and the land is now home to a branch of the Morrisons supermarket, which has several items of Falkirk F.C. memorabilia on site, including a turnstile from the old ground.

## Current squad 
*As of 9 July 2009*

 

## Other websites 
*Official site
*Travelling Bairn 
*Falkirk BBC My Club page
*One F in Falkirk
Statute of Labourers 1351

The **Statute of Labourers** was a law created by the English parliament under King Edward III in 1351 about labour shortage. It was first made known by Sir John Halles.

## Other websites 
* Text of the statute 
* Another source of the text
Otto Abetz

**Otto Abetz** (3 March 1903 in Schwetzingen, Germany – 5 May 1958) was a German diplomat. In 1931, he became a member of the NSDAP and worked until 1934 as *Reichsjugendführer*. He was German ambassador for the Vichy-Government from 1940 to 1944.

After the War he went to prison for 20 years. He was released from prison in 1954. He died on 5 May 1958 in an auto accident near Langenfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, on the Cologne-Ruhr autobahn.

## References 
*Zentner, Christian:"Der Zweite Weltkrieg - Ein Lexikon" Vienna, 2003
Danse Macabre

, from the *Liber chronicarum* by Hartmann Schedel.]]

***Dance of Death*** (; ; ) is a late-medieval allegory on death: no matter who a person is, the dance of death unites all. 

## Other websites 
* A collection of historical images of the Danse Macabre at Cornell's *The Fantastic in Art and Fiction*
Christine de Pizan

**Christine de Pizan**, sometimes known as *de Pisan*, (Venice 1364 – about 1430) was  an Italian French late mediaeval author. She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy. She wrote only in her adopted language, Middle French. She challenged the male-dominated realm of the arts. She is known as Europe’s first professional woman writer. 

She wrote both poetry and prose works. There were biographies and books of practical advice for women. She wrote 41 works in her 30-year career from 1399–1429.  She married in 1380 at the age of 15, and was widowed 10 years later.

Her influence spread through all of Europe. It affected the social life of many Europeans because she gave confidence to women that they could rise beyond what men told them to do. Some  scholars think this is misreading her intentions.

## Selected works 
* ''L'Épistre au Dieu d'amours* (1399)
* *L'Épistre de Othéa a Hector* (1399–1400)
* *Dit de la Rose* (1402)
* *Cent Ballades d'Amant et de Dame, Virelyas, Rondeaux* (1402)
* *Le Chemin de long estude* (1403)
* *Livre de la mutation de fortune* (1403)
* *La Pastoure* (1403)
* *Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V* (1404)
* *Le Livre de la cité des dames* (1405)
* *Le Livre des trois vertus* (1405)
* *L'Avision de Christine* (1405)
* *Livre du corps de policie* (1407)
* *Livre de paix* (1413)
* *Epistre de la prison de vie humaine* (1418)
* *Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc'' (1429)

## References
Patrick Poivre d'Arvor

'''Patrick Poivre d'Arvor** (born 20 September 1947 in Reims; known in France as **PPDA''') is a French journalist. He has presented the main evening news on French Television since 1987. He studied political sciences and Slavic languages in Paris. He is married, and has 5 children; 3 daughters and one son with his wife Véronique, and a son with Claire Chazal. He had an affair with Chazal (who is also a well-known news presenter in France) in the 1990s.

One of his daughters was anorexic. She committed suicide, aged 19, in 1995. She jumped in front of a metro train in Paris. She left a note: "Thank you for everything, but I do not like life. I want to be incinerated, and kept in a small box, but not thrown to the sea."

## References
Marcus Davis

**Marcus Paul Davis** (born August 24, 1973), nicknamed "The Irish Hand Grenade" (and "The Celtic Warrior" when fighting in Ireland), is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. He fights as a welterweight in the UFC and in independent MMA promotions in the United States. He was a contestant on the Ultimate Fighter 2 on Spike TV.

Marcus David went pro in MMA on August 22, 2003 with a first round TKO of Shaun Gay. In 2005, Marcus was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter 2. Coming in with his boxing skills.

## Other websites 
*Official Site 
*UFC profile
*Team Irish MMA
Kalamazoo, Michigan

**Kalamazoo** is a large city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County. As of 2020, the city had a total population of 73,598.

Kalamazoo is home to Western Michigan University, Haworth College of Business, and Kalamazoo College.

On May 13, 1980, a F3 tornado tore through Kalamazoo, killing 5 people, injuring 79, and causing $50 million in damage.

## In popular culture 
Kalamazoo's name is used in song titles or lyrics to popular songs, because the way it sounds makes it a "great word for a lyric". Probably the best known was (I've Got a Gal In) Kalamazoo" by the Glenn Miller band with Tex Beneke. This #1 popular song was written by Mack Gordon and Harry Warren. It was performed by the band playing the part of the Glenn Miller Orchestra in the 1942 movie *Orchestra Wives*. This was nominated: Best Music, Original Song in Academy Awards, Harry Warren (music), Mack Gordon (lyrics).

## Sister cities
The city of Kalamazoo, Michigan has three sister cities.
*  Kingston, Jamaica
*  Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
*  Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Kalamazoo 
* Kalamazoo County Convention & Visitors Bureau
* Kalamazoo College
*
Mission: Impossible II

***Mission: Impossible II*** is a 2000 American action thriller movie directed by John Woo and produced by Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner. *Mission: Impossible II* tells the story of Ethan Hunt, an agent for the "Impossible Missions Force". Another agent has gone  and stolen a virus, so Hunt has to try and get it back. 

The movie was released on May 24, 2000 in cinemas in the United States, then on November 7, 2000 for video and DVD. The movie did not get great s from critics. This movie is a sequel to *Mission: Impossible* (1996). It has a sequel called *Mission: Impossible III* (2006).

## Cast
* Tom Cruise as Ethan Hunt: An agent of the Impossible Missions Force (IMF).
* Dougray Scott as Sean Ambrose: A rogue IMF agent who possesses Bellerophon.
* Thandiwe Newton (credited as Thandie Newton) as Nyah Nordoff-Hall: A professional thief brought on to assist Ethan in tracing Ambrose.
* Richard Roxburgh as Hugh Stamp: Ambrose's right-hand man.
* John Polson as Billy Baird: A helicopter pilot.
* Brendan Gleeson as John C. McCloy: CEO of Biocyte in Australia.
* Rade Šerbedžija as Dr. Vladimir Nekhorvich: Creator of Chimera at Biocyte.
* Ving Rhames as Luther Stickell: A computer hacker and IMF agent.

Anthony Hopkins appears in an uncredited cameo appearance as Mission Commander Swanbeck.

## Reception
### Box office
*Mission: Impossible II* had grossed $215.4 million in the United States and Canada and $334.2 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $549.9 million.

### Crtical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, 56% of 155 reviews are positive. The average rating is 5.9/10. The critics consensus reads: "Your cranium may crave more substance, but your eyes will feast on the amazing action sequences." On Metacritic, the movie has a rating of 59 out of 100 based on 40 critic reviews, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Jan Gotlib Bloch

**Jan Gotlib** (Bogumił) **Bloch** ( or Блох) (July 24, 1836 – January 7, 1902) (, , , ) was a banker from Poland. He was born in Radom and died in Warsaw. He  money to help railways, and studied industrial warfare. Bloch published a collection of writings called *La Guerre Future*, translated to *Is War Now Impossible?*, in 1898.
Ocean liner

]]
s such as this one, are sometimes also called *ocean liner*]]
**Ocean liner** is the name given to (usually large) ships that are used to transport people or goods. These ships travel along given routes; they usually have a schedule. Usually, ocean liners travel long distances. The ships used for short distances, for example across a channel,  a lake, or between an island and the coast close by, are called ferries. Ocean liners are used for transportation. Cruise ships are different, they are used for pleasure. 

The “golden Age” of the ocean liner was the first half of the 20th Century, when ocean liners commonly carried hundreds upon thousands of poor immigrants from Europe to North America, the United States especially. Hundreds of ocean liners were built during this period.  

When WW2 started in 1939, many ocean liners were turned into troop ships, to transport soldiers to Europe and Asia, by both sides. After the war, most remaining ocean liners were returned to their original owners. 

In the second half of the 20th century, ocean liners have been replaced by aircraft more and more. In the 1950’s, as airplanes like the De Havilland Comet and Boeing 707 were built, ocean liners seemed redundant as jet liners were faster and easier to build than ocean liners. By the 1980’s, most ocean liners had been retired with only a few outliers staying in service.
Akakor

**Akakor** is a fictional ancient underground city somewhere between Brazil and Peru. 

The German journalist Karl Brugger described the city in his book *The Chronicle of Akakor* (1976). Information about the city is from an interview with Tatunca Nara, a Brazilian Indian. Tantunca Nara speaks about possible contact with extraterrestrials in the ancient past. He says these extraterrestrials are believed to have built this mysterious city. Two similar cities are mentioned in this book - Akanis and Akahim. 

Later Rüdiger Nehberg showed that Tatunca Nara was actually a German named Günther Hauck.

Parts of the story from *The Chronicle of Akakor* were used in the movie *Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull*.

## References 
*Karl Brugger: Die Chronik von Akakor, Econ Publishers: Düsseldorf, Vienna, 1976

## Other websites
* The legend of Akakor
* Article about underground secrets of South America
Richard Dominguez

**Richard Dominguez** (born **Eufrancio Ricardo Dominguez** September 22, 1960 in Dallas, Texas) is an American comic book creator. He is best known for making the comic book *El Gato Negro*.

## Biography
Richard Dominguez was born in Dallas, Texas on September 22, 1960 as the second of seven children. Dominguez first read comics at the age of six. He was first interested in art while in high school. He took classes in Commercial Art and later took Life Drawing classes in community college. Richard later worked as an intern for art and design studios in the late '80s and early '90s.

### Azteca Productions
Richard made the Azteca Productions company and imprint in 1993. The first publication was *El Gato Negro #1*. Dominguez first got the idea for El Gato Negro in the late '80s. He originally planned thought of putting the character in a team of superheroes. Liking the character better on his own, Dominguez left the original project and focused on El Gato Negro. A lot of the character’s personality and look was inspired by Dominguez’s favorite superheroes like The Spirit, The Crimson Avenger, Daredevil, Nightwing, The Shadow, The Phantom, Zorro and Batman. The character has been popular since his introduction. and other media Dominguez is currently looking to make a movie on the character.

Dominguez made his superhero group with the help of friend and writer Michael S. Moore in 1997 in a book called Team Tejas. Richard stopped publishing his books after 1997 to spend time with his family. He later came back to publish new El Gato Negro stories in 2004. Other books he plans on publishing are Lucha Grande Comics, The Acolyte, Demon Hunter, and a revival of Judge Margarito C. Garza's Relampago!

## P.A.C.A.S.
The **Professional Amigos of Comic Art Society** or **P.A.C.A.S.** was a non-profit organization made by Richard Dominguez with his friends Carlos Saldaña, Jose Martinez, and Fernando Rodriguez in 1995. The group was made to bring together different artists, comic book and cartoon creators together to help with each other’s projects. P.A.C.A.S. grew to over 50 members. Most of them lived in California. The P.A.C.A.S. group no longer exists but there are rumors of a new one being made. Only an official website and MySpace page stand in tribute to their effort.

## References
## Other websites
*Dominguez Illustrations 
*Official MySpace
*Azteca Productions
Fight song

plays the fight song during the  or ]]
A **fight song** is a song that sports  sing when supporting their favorite . They are very popular in the United States.  Many colleges and universities there have fight songs. In other countries they are sometimes called team songs or team anthems.
World Draughts Federation

The **World Draughts Federation** (**WDF**) is the organisation which administers draughts throughout the world.  
It was created in 1947.  In the French language it is called Fédération Mondiale du Jeu de Dames (FMJD).
The WDF has organised the world draughts championships since 1948.

## Other websites 
*World Draughts Federation (WDF)
Kenny Florian

**Kenny Florian** is an American mixed martial artist with training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Muay Thai. He was in the first season of The Ultimate Fighter reality show. He fights as a lightweight for the UFC.

## Other websites
* Official Kenny Florian Web Site
Aksai Chin

**Aksai Chin** (, , Ākèsàiqīn) is a region of Kashmir .  37,555 km² (16,481 sq&nbsp;mi) which lies at the juncture of China, Pakistan, and India. It consists of about one fifth of Kashmir and one of the driest place and true desert in the world that receive less rain than the Polar desert.

It is ruled by China but claimed by the Republic of India. Aksai Chin is one of the two main border disputes between India and China. The other is the dispute over Arunachal Pradesh. Aksai Chin (the name literally means "Chin's desert of white stones") is a very large high-altitude hot desert of salt with sand dunes and yareta (a type of cushioned plants)  that reaches heights up to 4,500 metres. It covers an area of 37,555 km² (16,481 sq&nbsp;mi) of the disputed territory. Geographically part of the Tibetan Plateau, Aksai Chin itself is a plateau and  it is often called the "Soda Plain". The region is almost uninhabited, has no permanent settlements, and receives no rain or snow as the Himalayan and other mountains block the rains from the Indian monsoon. Pakistan recognizes it as part of China, however India has objected to this and claims all the territory. In boundary talks in 1960 Chinese officials shown a map drawn by General Staff of the Chinese Army in 1918 shows the territory as part of China. However the map was not published hence its authenticity is doubtful although another document in 1943 created by Bureau of Survey of Chinese Ministry of National Defence shows all of the territory as part of China.

Image:China Xinjiang.svg|Map showing it as part of China
Image:Aksai detail.png| True Map of Aksai Chin as per Indian claim

## Related pages
* 
* Line of Actual Control