Piri Reis

**Piri Reis** (; born **Muhiddin Piri**;  1470–1553) was an Ottoman Turkish map maker, admiral, sailor, and pirate. He is best known for his 1513 world map and his book of maps, the *Kitab-ı Bahriye* (Book of the Sea). His maps draw from classical maps, personal seafaring knowledge, and recent European discoveries. The 1513 world map drew international attention. Scholars found it hundreds of years later during 
repairs on the Topkapı Palace. The palace in Istanbul was being turned into a museum. The map includes details from a now-lost map by Christopher Columbus.

He was born around 1470 in Gelibolu (Gallipoli). Piri Reis sailed from an early age with his uncle. His uncle was  the pirate Kemal Reis. They fought in the western Mediterranean. The Ottoman Sultan brought them into the Ottoman Navy. Piri Reis earned the rank of reis (captain) and fought in the Ottoman–Venetian wars. After his uncle died around 1511, Piri Reis returned to Gelibolu. There he began his maps. He created the 1513 world map. He likely made charts and notes for the *Kitab-ı Bahriye*. Piri Reis served in the 1517 Ottoman capture of Egypt. He gave his world map to Sultan Selim I. Piri Reis completed two versions of the *Kitab-ı Bahriye*. Piri Reis dedicated both books to Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. He made the second version when asked by Grand Vizier Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha. Piri Reis finished the book by 1526. The second version had more details. His final work was a part of a 1528 world map.

Piri Reis became the grand admiral of the Ottoman Fleet in the Indian Ocean in 1546. He took back Aden from the Portuguese two years later. His ships fought in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. They stopped a rebellion in Aden (Yemen). He tried to take Hormuz Island in the 1550s, but he failed. Hormuz is an island at the mouth of the Persian Gulf. The Portuguese controlled the island, and they fought off Piri Reis. He had to retreat into the Persian Gulf. For this, the empire killed Piri Reis in Cairo in 1553.

During his life, Piri Reis' maps were not praised or discussed much. Many copies of the *Kitab-ı Bahriye* were made after his death. When scholars found his first world map in 1929, people became more interested in his maps. It made his work a point of national pride for Turkey. Some writers claim the map shows Antarctica. Antarctica is the continent around the South Pole. It was not known during Piri Reis' life. Scientists say that the map and Antarctica's coast below the ice are very different. Historians say the map shows known and mythical places. The false claims have increased interest in Piri Reis.

## Maps

File:Piri reis world map 01.jpg|1513 world map 
File:Piri Reis Map Translated.svg|Translation of the 1513 world map
File:Piri ibn haji mehmed, corsica, nel kitab-i bahriye (libro delle cose del mare), 1590 ca. (bnf) 01.jpg|*Kitab-ı Bahriye* showing Corsica
File:Second World Map of Piri Reis.jpg|1528 world map

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