open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Meg Turney

**Megan "Meg" Turney** (born March 12, 1987) is an American internet personality, cosplayer, and model. Turney is known for her online media presence. She is most noted for her work with the online series *SourceFed* and later Rooster Teeth. Turney is also known for her cosplaying at various conventions such as Comic-Con.

## Online media career
During her early years Turney hosted event coverage for deviantART. She appeared as a featured host on CraveOnline's *TechKnow* show. On joining Rooster Teeth, Turney said, "They have been pioneers in the industry for many years, and their level of originality and just plain fun in their content is unmatched in the space." In August 2014, Turney began co-hosting *The Know It All: Leaderboard*, a joint series of Rooster Teeth and *The Daily Dot*.

## Cosplaying and modeling
In addition to her work online, Turney is also known for her cosplaying career. Turney was introduced to cosplaying by her friend, when she invited Turney to Ushicon 1 in 2002. *Gamer Headlines* wrote that Turney is, "known for her high quality cosplay and saucy lingerie photos." She appeared on the Syfy series *Heroes of Cosplay* in June 2014.

Aside from cosplaying, Turney also has experience with modeling. In April 2015, *FHM* placed Turney at #20 on their yearly "100 Sexiest Women in the World" list.

## References
## Other websites 
* Con, Cosplay & Star Wars! Comic Con, Cosplay & Star Wars!
Hugo Blanco (musician)

**Hugo Blanco** (September 25, 1940 – June 14, 2015) was a popular Venezuelan musician. He was best known as the author of "Moliendo Café" and other songs like "El Burrito de Belén" (also known as "El Burrito Sabanero"), "Leche Condensada", "Luces de Caracas", "Sierra Nevada", "Mañanita Zuliana", and others. "Moliendo Café", has become one of the most recognized Venezuelan songs in all the world.

Blanco was born and died in Caracas, Venezuela.

## References
Catnip

***Nepeta cataria***, **catnip** or **catmint**, is a species of the genus *Nepeta*. It is in the Lamiaceae family. The name "catmint" is sometimes used for the genus as a whole. Some plants can cause diarrhea to cats.

## Cat behaviour 
Catnip, and some other species in the genus *Nepeta*, is known for its effects on cat behaviour. Cats rub on the plant, roll on the ground, paw at it, lick it, and chew it. Some leap about and purr, some cry out.  Cats do it for about five to fifteen minutes, after which olfactory fatigue usually sets in. 

The nepetalactone in catnip acts as a feline attractant after it enters the cat's nose. At the olfactory epithelium, the nepetalactone binds to one or more olfactory receptors.

The catnip effect works on the whole cat family, not just on domestic cats. Several tests showed that leopards, cougars, servals, and lynxes often reacted strongly to catnip in a manner similar to domestic cats. Lions and tigers may react strongly as well, but they don't react all the time.

With domestic cats, *N. cataria* is a recreational substance for pets to enjoy. Catnip and catnip-laced products are available to consumers. 
Not all cats are affected by catnip; roughly one third are not affected by the plant. The behavior is hereditary.

Some other plants also have a similar effect on cats, include valerian (*Valeriana officinalis*).

## References
National Wen-Hua Senior High School

**National Wen-Hua Senior High School** is a public school in Taichung, Taiwan. It is one of the five best schools in central Taiwan for students in grades 9 through grade 12. It was founded by the government of Taiwan Province in 1989. A school for intermediate education was needed because of a large population growth in the area.

There are both boys and girls at the school. Some students live at the school. The school is well known for the dancing class, science and math class, and humanities class.

The school is close to the National Museum of Natural Science, the Taichung city government area, and the Taichung International Gateway District. In addition there is a Taichung metro station for rapid transit travel.

## Partner schools
*United States: Pacific Ridge School
*Canada: Saskatoon Public School Division
*Japan: Osaka Minoo High School
*Korea : Sejong Global High School

## References 
## Other websites
* National Wen-Hua Senior High School  
*
Yang Li (footballer)

**Yang Li** (Traditional Chinese: 楊麗; Simplified Chinese: 杨丽; born in Lianyungang, China on 26 February 1993) is a Chinese association football forward who plays for the China women's national football team. She was one of the top scorers in the 2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup.

## Honours
### Team
**China PR national football team**
*Four Nations Tournament: 2014, 2016

### Individual
*AFC Women's Asian Cup Top Goalscorer: 2014

## International goals
## Other websites 
* Profile  at Chinese Football Association (CFA) 
* Yang Li at Soccerway
El Taref

**El Taref** () is a town in Algeria. It is the capital of the El Tarf Province. In 1998, it had a population of 20,263.

## References
Ozona, Texas

**Ozona** is a census-designated place in the state of Texas. It is the county seat of Crockett County. It is the only settlement in the county that is recognized by the Census Bureau. About 2,663 people lived there in 2020.  First named Powell Well for E.M. Powell, a surveyor who made a well and a windmill in 1891. Its name was changed to Ozona because it has much open air or ozone.

## References
Jean Doré

**Jean Doré** (12 December 1944 – 15 June 2015) was a politician. He served as Mayor of Montreal, Quebec from 1986 through 1994.

Doré died of pancreatic cancer in Montreal, aged 70.

## References
Leshy

**Leshy** (, in English sometimes spelled Leshii or Leszi) is a mythical creature that appears in Slavic mythology. It is also the subject in “The Witcher” Saga written by Andrzej Sapkowski.

A Leshy is male and human in shape and can assume any form. A Leshy can change in size and height. In some accounts, the leshy is described as having a wife (*leshachikha/leszachka/lesovikha*) and children (*leshonki/leszonky*).  Because he is known to lead travelers astray and abduct children, which he shares with Chort, or "The Black One," the Leshy is believed by some to be evil. Others view him as more of a  being like a fairy.

## In mythology 
In beliefs of Slavic people, Leshy appears in forests. He’s kind of a protector of the forest and everything that lives in it. His natural form looks like a human but he can easily shapeshift into any plant or animal. A Leshy has long hair and beard made of grass. It can appear in human shape or can change in size from a tall tree to a single blade of grass.

## *The Witcher* books and games 
In Sapkowski's *The Witcher* (Polish: Wiedźmin), a leshy is a monster that lives in the forest. It has been described as something that "lives only to kill". When they kill something or a human, they do not leave much for the carrion eaters.

In the *Witcher* video game, a Leshy is a highly intelligent monster that lives in forest. Common people thinks that he is like a friendly  of the forest. That is not true. This is a very dangerous creature that hunts down whatever lives and moves. It can polymorph. In its primary form the creature looks like a bear and wildcat combined. It has long fangs and sharp claws. When it hunts it lurks among the tree branches and then jumps on its victims. Usually it eats its victim whole.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Russia: The Leshy
* Leshy Tricksters
Buddy Boudreaux

**John Landry “Buddy” Boudreaux** (December 27, 1917 – June 13, 2015) was an American big band and jazz musician. He was born in Donaldsonville, Louisiana. He played saxophone and clarinet. Since 1934, he directed and played in a number of bands that have toured the southern United States and drawn nationally known performers to Baton Rouge. 

The State-Times newspaper called him “the city’s sound of big band.” His bands backed such artists as Andy Williams, Bernadette Peters, Doc Severinsen, Dionne Warwick, Gladys Knight and the Pips, Burt Bacharach, Johnny Mathis, The Four Tops, Bob Hope, George Burns and Joan Rivers. He opened shows for Tony Bennett, Tony Orlando, Louise Mandrell, The Beach Boys and Bill Cosby. He was co-author—with his barber, Michael T. Abadie—of “My Baton Rouge,” which in 1998 was declared the city’s official song.

Boudreaux died at the age of 97 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

## References
Hainan Airlines

**Hainan Airlines** is an airline from the People's Republic of China. The airline started in October 1989. It is the 4th biggest airline in China.

## Gallery

File:B-5611 - Hainan Airlines - Boeing 737-84P(WL) - CKG (9608916500).jpg|A Hainan Boeing 737 at Chongqing airport.
File:B-2576 Boeing 737 Hainan Airlines (7368298142).jpg|A Hainan Boeing 737-400 in the old paint-job.

## References
Georg Ritter

**Georg Ritter** (December 22, 1897 in Dachau - October 17, 1941 in Jastrebovka) was a German Major in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was killed in action on October 17, 1941 in Jastrebovka, Soviet Union. After his death, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on November 15, 1941.

## Awards
* Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on November 15th, 1941 as *Major* and *Kommandeur* of the II. Bataillon, Infanterie-Regiment 62 , 7. Infanterie-Division, Heer (posthumously)
* Eisernes Kreuz 2. Klasse (1914)?
* Dienstauszeichnungen der NSDAP?
* Ehrenkreuz für Frontkämpfer

## References
* Fellgiebel, W.P. ''Elite of the Third Reich, The recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939-1945: A Reference''. Helion & Company Limited, Solihull, 2003,
Melanie Leupolz

**Melanie Leupolz** (born 14 April 1994 in Wangen im Allgäu, Germany) is a German association football midfielder who currently plays for FC Bayern Munich and the Germany women's national football team.

## Honours
### International
*UEFA Women's Championship: Winner 2013
*FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup: Runner-up 2012
*Algarve Cup: Winner 2014
*Summer Olympic Games: Gold medal, 2016

### FC Bayern Munich
*Bundesliga: Winner 2014–15, 2015–16

## References 
## Other websites 
*Profile  at DFB
*Player German domestic football stats   at DFB
* International record
Thanatta Chawong

**Thanatta Chawong**, Thai: ธนัสถา ชาวงษ์ , (born on 19 June 1989 in Thailand) is a Thai association football forward who currently plays for the Damallsvenskan club of Östersunds DFF. She also plays for the Thailand women's national football team.

## References
Francesco Bellissimo

(born January 3, 1979 in Rome) is an Italian celebrity chef. He is also an actor and television personality. Bellissimo is living and working in Japan, and nicknamed . 
Bellissimo writes for various Japanese cooking magazines. He has also written several books.

## Television 
* Handsome Kitchen (Fuji Television)
* Waratte Iitomo! (Fuji Television)
* GakkoChakkoTV (Akita Television)
* Konnichiwa Itto6ken (NHK)
* Kitchen ga hashiru! (NHK)
* One Seg Lunch Box Raku Gohan (NHK)
* Junbanmachi no Ryorikyoshitsu (LaLa TV)
* Osama no brunch (Tokyo Broadcasting System)
* Uchigohan (TV Asahi)
* Eko no Saho (TV Asahi)
* Shikamo!! (Nippon Television)
* Sekai banzuke (Nippon Television)
* Sekai fushigi hakken! (Tokyo Broadcasting System)
* Sekai no minna ni kiitemita (Tokyo Broadcasting System)

## Movies
### TV Series
* Kyō wa Kaisha Yasumimasu. (2014).... Italian Chef
* Kore wa Keihi de Ochimasen! (2019).... Italian Chef
### Dramas
* Le avventure del Comandante Cappellini - Sensuikan Cappellini-go no Boken (2022).... Simone 

## Books
* (2010) Ouchi de Itaria Gohan Berisshimo to oryōri dēto, Bunkasha 978-4821142941
* (2010) Sono Manma Obun Ryori, Shufunotomosha 978-4072691335
* (2012) Italian no Kihon to Oisha no Kotsu, Nittōshoinhonsha 978-4528015050
* (2013) Yidali shuai ge zhu chu dao ni jia : gan lan you jian kang liao li, 5 fen zhong YAMI shang cai, Taibei Shi : Tai shi wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si 978-9863430032
* (2014) Bijinesu pason no sasou gijutsu : Tecniche di comunicazione e relazione interpersonale per uomini d'affari, Diamond-sha 978-4478026311
* (2014) Berisshimo na Omotemeshi Itariashiki koi no shokujiho : Tecniche di cucina italiana per avere successo in amore, Shufutoseikatsusha 978-4391146066

## References
## Other websites
* Official site *(Japanese)*
* Cucina Bellissimo Cooking Team *(Japanese)*
* Allestero.net Francesco Bellissimo Interview  *(Italian)*
* Vantan Future Creation FJapon Francesco Bellissimo Interview  *(Japanese)*
* Francesco Bellissimo on Japan Talent Database  *(Japanese)*
* Francesco Bellissimo Profile on Shimashow *(English)*
Alex Morgan

**Alexandra Patricia Morgan** (born July 2, 1989 in San Dimas, California, United States) is a professional women's footballer. She plays as a forward for the San Diego Wave of the National Women’s Soccer League and the United States women's national soccer team.

She won an Olympic gold medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics, a bronze medal in the 2020 Summer Olympics, and also the 2015 and 2019 World Cups with the US national team.

## Career 
Morgan began her career with West Coast FC in the WPSL in 2008. Then she moved to California Storm in 2010, and later that year she moved to Pali Blues of the USL W-League. In 2011, she transferred to Western New York Flash, and in 2012, she joined Seattle Sounders. Morgan moved to Oregon to play for Portland Thorns in 2013, and she stayed with the team until 2015. Orlando Pride bought her in October 2015, and Morgan played for them from 2016 to 2019. She also played one season with Olympique Lyon in France, and she won the UEFA Women's Champions League that season. She won three trophies with Olympique Lyon.

## Career statistics
### College
### Club
**Notes**

### International
## Honors and awards
**Western New York Flash**
* WPS Championship: 2011
**Portland Thorns**
* NWSL Championship: 2013
**Lyon**
* Division 1 Féminine: 2016–17
* Coupe de France Féminine: 2016–17
* NWSL Challenge Cup: 2024
**United States U20**
* FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup: 2008
* CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship runner-up: 2008
**United States**
* FIFA Women's World Cup: 2015, 2019
* Olympic Gold Medal: 2012 2022
* CONCACAF W Gold Cup: 2024
* CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament: 2012, 2016 2021,  2022, 2023,2024
* Algarve Cup: 2011, 2013, 2015
* FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Bronze Boot: 2008
* ESPY Award Best Female Athlete: 2019
* ESPY Award Best Breakthrough Athlete nominee: 2012
* ESPY Award Best Moment nominee: 2013
* ESPY Award Best Team: 2015, 2019
* Women's Sports Foundation Sportswoman of the Year, Team Sport: 2012
* U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year: 2012 2018
* FIFA World Player of the Year finalist: 2012 
*The Best FIFA Women's Player: 2019 (finalist); 2022 (finalist) 
* National Women's Soccer League Second Best XI: 2013, 2017
* CONCACAF Player of the Year: 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018
* USWNT All-Time Best XI: 2013
* SheBelieves Cup Golden Boot and Golden Ball: 2016
* FIFA FIFPRO Women's World 11: 2016, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023
* CONCACAF Women's Championship Golden Boot: 2018
*IFFHS Women's World Team: 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022
* IFFHS World's Woman Team of the Decade 2011–2020
* IFFHS CONCACAF Woman Team of the Decade 2011–2020
*FIFA Women's World Cup Silver Boot: 2019
* CONCACAF Women's Championship Golden Ball: 2022
* NWSL Golden Boot: 2022
* NWSL Best XI: 2022
* 2024 NWSL Challenge Cup: Player of the Final (MVP)

## References
Isabell Herlovsen

**Isabell Lehn Herlovsen** (born on 23 June 1988 in Mönchengladbach, Germany) is a Norwegian association football forward who currently plays for the Norway women's national football team. She also plays for LSK Kvinner FK.

She is the daughter of former football player Kai Erik Herlovsen.

Herlovsen is a lesbian.

## Honours
### Club
;Kolbotn
* Toppserien: 2005, 2006
* Norwegian Cup: 2007

;Lyon
* Division 1 Féminine: 2009–10
* Champions League runners-up: 2010

;LSK Kvinner
* Toppserien: 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016
* Norwegian Cup: 2014, 2015, 2016

;Jiangsu Suning
* Chinese Women's FA Cup: 2017

### Individual
* Top Scorer, Toppserien: 2012 (25 goals), 2016 (30 goals)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Competition record
Drs. P

**Heinz Hermann Polzer** (; 24 August 1919 – 13 June 2015), better known under his pseudonym **Drs. P** (), was a Swiss singer-songwriter, poet, and prose writer in the Dutch language. Other pseudonyms were Geo Staad, Coos Neetebeem (a variant of the name of Dutch writer Cees Nooteboom) and drandus P.

Drs. P. died at the age of 95, in Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

## References
## Other websites
Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Dr. Ben Carson,** a pediatric neurosurgeon and bestselling author, was announced May 3, 2015 in an interview with a local television station in Cincinnati, Ohio. He formally announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in the 2016 Presidential election at a rally in his hometown of Detroit on May 4, 2015.

On March 4, 2016, Carson suspended his presidential campaign.

## Background
He was a featured speaker at the 2013 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), and tied for seventh place in the *Washington Times*/CPAC 2013 Straw Poll with 4% of the 3,000 ballots cast.

In the 2014 CPAC straw poll, he came in third place with 9% of the vote, behind senators Ted Cruz of Texas (with 11%) and Rand Paul of Kentucky (31%). In the 2015 CPAC poll, Carson came in fourth behind Paul, Wisconsin governor Scott Walker, and Cruz with 11.4%.

## Announcement
In an interview with a local television station in Cincinnati, Ohio on May 3, 2015, Carson officially  announced his candidacy for President of the United States. He held a rally in Detroit, his hometown, on May 4, 2015 as the launch of his campaign. At the event, he announced his campaign team which included his Campaign manager, Barry Bennett.

## References
Hawa Abdallah Mohammed Salih

**Hawa Abdallah Mohammed Salih** (Arabic: حواء عبد الله محمد صالح) is a Sudanese activist. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department.

## Early life 
Hawa was born in North Darfur, Sudan.  She left Darfur because of war between the Sudanese government forces and Darfur rebels.

## Work 
Hawa moved to Abu Shouk internally displaced persons camp for refugees.  She worked with the United Nations and with the American NGO International Rescue Committee (IRC). She helped complain about bad conditions in the camp, so people would be aware. In 2011 she escaped from Sudan.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Jineth Bedoya Lima

**Jineth Bedoya Lima** (Arabic: هناء الحبشي born c. 1974) is a Colombian journalist.  She wrote about the illegal gun trade.   She was kidnapped in May 2000 and August 2003. In 2001, she received the Courage in Journalism Award from the International Women's Media Foundation. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U. S. Department of State.

## Work 
### 2000 kidnapping 
In 2000, Bedoya was kidnapped.  She worked at the newspaper *El Espectador* in Bogota, Colombia.  Her job was to write about the Colombian war against terrorism.  On 25 May, she went to La Modelo prison in Bogota.  She planned to talk to a leader called "the Baker". She was afraid of a trap, so she went with an editor and photographer from *El Espectador* newspaper.  While she waited to go into the prison, they were separated, and Bedoya disappeared. 

Three men kidnapped Bedoya.  They said their boss was paramilitary leader Carlos Castaño. In May 2011, the police arrested a paramilitary soldier.  He said he was one of Bedoya's three attackers.  Bedoya continued to work as a journalist for *El Tiempo*, but the Colombian government gave her three bodyguards and a bulletproof car.  

In 2001, Bedoya received the Courage in Journalism Award from the International Women's Media Foundation. The award was very important in Colombia, and Bedoya became well known.  Because of this, Bedoya left *El Espectador* newspaper and went to work for *El Tiempo* newspaper. 

In 2012, Bedoya received the International Women of Courage Award from the U. S. Department of State.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of** Ted Cruz, the junior United States Senator from Texas, was announced through social media and later event at Liberty University on March 23, 2015.  Cruz has been seen as a potential candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States since shortly after taking office in 2013.

## Background
Leading up the 2016 presidential election cycle, commentators expressed their opinion that Cruz would run for President in 2016. On March 14, 2013, he gave the keynote speech at the 2013 Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington, D.C. He tied for 7th place in the 2013 CPAC straw poll on March 16, winning 4% of the votes cast. He performed even more strongly in the 2014 CPAC straw poll, coming in second with 11% behind Kentucky senator Rand Paul. In the 2015 CPAC poll, he came in third with 11.5% behind Wisconsin governor Scott Walker and Paul.

On April 27, 2016, Cruz named former GOP candidate and businesswoman Carly Fiorina as his running mate.

On May 3, 2016, after losing the Indiana primaries to Donald Trump, Cruz suspended his campaign.

## Campaign
Cruz announced his campaign for the presidency on March 23, 2015, at Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia, during the student convocation. He became the first announced major Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 campaign.

In the first few months of the campaign, Cruz held campaign rallies in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

## References
Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Carly Fiorina** began on May 4, 2015 with a video message posted by Fiorina's campaign announcing her candidacy. Fiorina is a former business executive and was the Republican nominee for the United States Senate from California in 2010. The campaign was headquartered in Merrifield, Virginia. She withdrew on February 10, 2016.

## References
Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign

Barack Obama, then a junior United States Senator from Illinois, announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States in Springfield, Illinois, on February 10, 2007. On August 27, 2008, he was declared nominee of the Democratic Party for the 2008 presidential election. He was the first African American in history to be nominated on a major party ticket.
On August 23, 2008, Barack Obama's campaign announced that Senator Joe Biden of Delaware would be the Vice Presidential nominee.

On November 4, 2008, Obama won the election, making him the President-elect and the first African American elected President of the United States. He is the third sitting Senator, after Warren G. Harding and John F. Kennedy, to be elected President.

His constitutional election to the office was completed with the meeting of the Electoral College on December 15, 2008, and the subsequent certification of the college's vote by the Joint Session of the United States Congress on January 8, 2009. Based on the results of the electoral vote count, Barack Obama was declared the elected President of the United States and Joseph Biden was declared officially as the elected Vice President of the United States in the 2008 presidential election. The Headquarters of Obama's campaign was in his home town of Chicago, Illinois.

## References
Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Lindsey Graham,** the senior United States Senator from South Carolina, and former member of the House of Representatives, was announced on June 1, 2015.  Graham sought the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election; a close personal friend of Senator John McCain of Arizona, Graham was a top staffer during McCain's 2008 campaign. 

After low polling numbers, Graham withdrew from the race on December 21, 2015.

## References
Gabi Calleja

**Gabi Calleja** is a gay rights activist in Malta. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department.

## Life 
Calleja studied Youth and Community Studies in a master's degree program at the University of Malta.

## Work 
In 2010, Calleja became head of the Malta Gay Rights Movement. In 2014, she became co-chair of the executive board of ILGA Europe, a lesbian and gay group that works for human rights. In 2014 she worked for changes in Danish law.

Calleja also works with teaching, drug education, community development, and fundraising. In 2005, she helped write the “School Attendance Improvement” Report.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Rick Perry,** the 47th Governor of Texas, was officially launched on June 4, 2015.  This campaign constitutes Perry's second consecutive bid for the Republican nomination for President of the United States. Perry announced on September 11, 2015 that he had suspended his campaign.

## References
George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of George Pataki**, the 53rd Governor of New York, was formally launched on May 28, 2015.  After having considered a candidacy in previous cycles, his campaign for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election is his first bid for the presidency.

On December 29, 2015, Pataki announced that he would be ending his Presidential campaign.

## Background
In an August 2014 interview with Newsmax TV, Pataki once again expressed interest in a possible presidential bid, this time for the 2016 Republican nomination. In January 2015, he revealed to ABC News that he had launched a political action committee (PAC) for the purpose of exploring, and making preparations for, a possible presidential candidacy.

On May 14, 2015, Pataki stated on MSNBC's *Morning Joe* that he would announce his decision regarding his potential candidacy on May 28 at an event in New Hampshire. He later confirmed to the *New York Post* that he intended to announce his candidacy for the 2016 Republican presidential nominination at the aforementioned event.

## Campaign
Pataki officially launched his presidential campaign on May 28, 2015. He initially confirmed his candidacy via a video message which appeared on his website, before making a formal announcement before a gathering of supporters and members of the media in Exeter, New Hampshire.

## Polling
As of late July 2015, Pataki has been polling at less than 1 % of the Republican primary voters.

## References
Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of John Ellis "Jeb" Bush**, the 43rd Governor of Florida, was formally launched on June 15, 2015, coming six months after announcing the formal exploration of a candidacy for the 2016 Republican nomination for the President of the United States on December 16, 2014, and the formation of his Right to Rise PAC. It is headquartered in Miami, Florida. He suspended his campaign on February 20, 2016.

## Background
There has been speculation that Bush would make a run for President since the end of the 2012 election. Speculation was fueled when Bush announced he would be "actively exploring" a run for President on December 16, 2014 and resigned from several corporate boards. It has been further speculated that Bush has put off formally announcing a candidacy in order to raise unlimited amounts of money for his Right to Rise Super PAC, and prepare strategy; once formally a candidate, Bush cannot coordinate with PACs or Super PACs under campaign finance law.

He suspended his campaign on February 20, 2016.

## Announcement and preliminary campaign 
On June 4, the same day of Governor Rick Perry's formal campaign announcement, an anonymous Bush staffer leaked that Bush would formally announce his candidacy on June 15.  Bush made a trip to Germany, Poland, and Estonia before returning to begin his campaign. On June 15, 2015, Bush formally announced his candidacy at Miami Dade College's Kendall Campus, in Miami, Florida.

Bush embarked on a tour following his June 15 announcement, with stops in Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada. The Bush campaign cancelled events in Charleston, South Carolina in light of the June 17 mass shooting.

## Fundraising
On July 9, 2015, at a campaign fund-raising conference in the Bush family compound in Kennebunkport, Maine, Bush announced that super PACs which support his candidacy, mainly Right to Rise, had received a total of $103 million during the previous six months. The campaign itself had received $11.4 million, $700,000 a day, during its first two weeks.

## References
Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Rick Santorum,** former United States Senator from Pennsylvania, was formally announced at a rally in Pittsburgh on May 27, 2015. 

## Background
His campaign for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016 is his second bid for the office, after having been a candidate in 2012, where he received the second most delegates after 2012 nominee Mitt Romney.

## References
Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Marco Rubio**, the junior United States Senator from Florida, and former Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives, was formally announced on April 13, 2015, at an event at the Freedom Tower in Downtown Miami.

## Background
Having been considered a potential candidate for Vice President by Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney in 2012, Rubio has been seen as a candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016 since at least the end of the 2012 election. He suspended his campaign on March 15, 2016.

## Announcement
On March 30, 2015 Rubio announced on Fox News and through social media that he would be making a "Big Announcement" on April 13 in Miami, Florida. While he did not specify whether the announcement pertained to his reelection as a United States Senator or for the Presidency, most media consensus was that Rubio would be announcing his presidential run. He made the announcement at the Freedom Tower in Downtown Miami.

## Fundraising
Rubio raised about $1.25 million online the day after his announcement. By the three-month mark of his campaign - July 13 - Rubio had raised over $12 million.

## References
Lincoln Chafee 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Lincoln Chafee**, the 74th Governor of Rhode Island, and former United States Senator from Rhode Island, was formally launched on June 3, 2015.  His campaign for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election is his first campaign as a Democrat, after having previously been elected Senator as a Republican, and Governor as an Independent.

## Background
In the 2008 presidential election, he formally endorsed the Democratic nominee Barack Obama. In 2012, Chafee was one of 35 co-chairs selected to serve on President Barack Obama's re-election campaign.

On April 9, 2015, Chafee announced that he had formed an exploratory committee in preparation for a potential candidacy for the Democratic Party's 2016 presidential nomination. The following month, on May 29, it was confirmed that Chafee would announce his decision regarding a 2016 presidential bid on June 3.

## Supporters
* Conan O'Brien, actor and comedian

## References
## Other websites
*
Martin O'Malley 2016 presidential campaign

The '''2016 presidential campaign of Martin O'Malley''', the 61st Governor of Maryland, for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 2016 was announced on May 30, 2015 and suspended on February 1, 2016.

## Background
O'Malley had been seen as a potential presidential candidate since at least December 2012. In that month, he said that Hillary Clinton, who has launched her own 2016 campaign, would be a "great President", brushing off questions about his own potential candidacy and commenting that he would have to do "a lot of soul-searching and discernment and introspection."

## Announcement
The day prior to his announcement, May 29, O'Malley released a video of himself strumming the presidential fanfare *Hail to the Chief* on his guitar, alluding to his impending announcement. The following day, May 30,  O'Malley launched his campaign at a scheduled rally in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Suspension
O'Malley suspended his campaign after poor polling numbers and a poor performance in the Iowa caucuses.

## References
Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton**, the 67th Secretary of State, former First Lady, and former United States Senator from New York, was announced via a YouTube video on April 12, 2015. A presidential candidate in 2008, her candidacy in the 2016 election was her second bid for the presidency. She was widely seen as the front runner for the Democratic nomination, although she faced several challengers, especially Bernie Sanders.

On November 9, 2016, after the presidential election, Hillary Clinton had lost to Donald Trump at the U.S. Electoral College.

## Background
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According to nationwide opinion polls in early 2015, Clinton was the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. She did face other several primary election challengers. And, in August 2015, Vice President Joe Biden was reported to be seriously considering a possible challenge to Clinton.

On July 22, 2016, Clinton announced Virginia United States senator Tim Kaine as her running mate.

## Announcement
The Clinton campaign had planned a delayed announcement, possibly as late as July 2015. Her team decided to make the announcement earlier because of publicity about Clinton's use of a private email server while Secretary of State. Clinton made her official announcement on the following Sunday, April 12, 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*
Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump** was a successful presidential campaign of Donald Trump. He announced and launched his campaign on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City. 

Trump was the Republican nominee for president of the United States. He became the presumptive nominee on May 4, 2016. He won the Republican nomination for president on July 19, 2016 at the 2016 Republican National Convention. He chose Mike Pence, the 50th governor of Indiana, as his vice presidential running mate. 

On November 8, 2016, Trump and Pence had defeated former U.S. secretary of state Hillary Clinton and U.S. senator Tim Kaine in the Electoral College and was elected the president and vice president of the United States.

## Campaign slogan
Trump declared, "We are going to make our country great again" and he made a commitment to become the "greatest jobs president." Trump's official campaign slogan is "Make America Great Again." (which was Ronald Reagan's campaign slogan, but Trump trademarked it).

## Policies 
Trump is opposed to illegal immigration and has promised to build a wall on the US-Mexico border, and believes that illegal immigrants already in this country should be deported. He is against the Trans Pacific Partnership trade agreement. Trump also proposed banning Muslims from entering the United States, an idea that many Republicans criticized as unconstitutional. He also supports reforming the tax code.

## Front runner status
A survey conducted by *The Economist* / YouGov released July 9, 2015 became significant as the first major nationwide poll to show Trump as the 2016 Republican presidential front-runner. A Suffolk/*USA Today* poll released on July 14, 2015, showed Trump with 17% support among Republican voters, with Jeb Bush at 14%. A *Washington Post*/ABC News poll taken on July 16–19, showed Trump had 24% Republican support, over Scott Walker at 13%. A CNN/ORC poll showed Trump in the lead at 18% support among Republican voters, over Jeb Bush at 15%, and a CBS News poll from August 4 showed Trump with 24% support, Bush second at 13%, and Walker third at 10%.

## Nomination
On May 4, 2016, Trump became the presumptive nominee after his only challengers Texas United States senator Ted Cruz and Governor of Ohio John Kasich dropped out. Trump has been opposed by other Republicans. Several prominent Republican politicians have refused to endorse him, and his candidacy has been protested by many people.

## Supporters
## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*Official campaign website
*Donald Trump Presidential Campaign Announcement, June 16, 2015
*Donald Trump at the Family Leadership Summit, July 18, 2015
Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Rand Paul**, the junior United States Senator from Kentucky, was announced on April 7, 2015 at an event at the Galt House in Louisville, Kentucky.

## Background
Paul was first elected to the U.S. Senate in the 2010, Paul's candidacy for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016 has been widely speculated of since early 2013.

Prior to serving in public office, Paul was an ophthalmologist in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and founded the watchdog group Kentucky Taxpayers United, which sought to keep state legislators accountable on tax issues. Leading up to his formal announcement, Paul delivered several high profile speeches, which included filibustering the nomination of CIA Director John Brennan, speeches at Berkeley and Howard University, and meeting with community leaders in Ferguson, Missouri and Detroit, Michigan, in what has been described as an attempt to broaden the Republican Party's appeal with non-traditional constituencies.

Near the end of 2014, Paul made moves towards a presidential run, including hiring staff in several states, setting up offices, and hiring a campaign manager. In January 2015, Rand Paul gained the support of Texas Republican Party Chairman Steve Munisteri.

## Out
After poor polling numbers and failing to reach 3rd place in the Iowa caucuses, Paul dropped out of the race on February 3, 2016.

## References
## Other websites
*Rand Paul for President official website
Manuel Alexandre

**Manuel Alexandre Abarca** (11 November 1917 – 12 October 2010) was a Spanish movie and television actor. He was known for his role as Fred in the 2005 movie *Elsa & Fred*.

## Other websites
*
Şafak Pavey

**Şafak Pavey** (born July 10, 1976)  is a Turkish writer and politician.  She is the first disabled woman in the Turkish parliament.  She is a member of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In 2012 Pavey received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

## Life 
Pavey was born on July 10, 1976 in Ankara, Turkey. Her parents were Şahin and Ayşe Önal, a journalist. In 1994 she moved to Switzerland with her husband to study art and film. In 1996, Pavey lost her left arm and left leg in a train accident in Zurich. One year later, she went to London to study.  She studied international studies at the University of Westminster.  She finished her master's degree at the London School of Economics.

## Work 
Pavey worked for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).  She worked with aid in Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Lebanon and Syria.  She was the spokesperson of UNHCR for Central Europe in Hungary.  Later she worked with human rights for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.

Pavey wrote for the Armenian-Turkish bilingual weekly *Agos* in Istanbul.  She also wrote three books. She worked on projects for refugees with Harvard University, the Royal Academy of Arts in London and the Norwegian Design Council.  She wrote the book *13 Numarali Peron* (Platform Number 13) with her mother Ayşe Önal.  The book was about her train accident.  It was a best-seller in Turkey. She worked with writer and Nobel Peace Laureate Shirin Ebadi to write the book "Refugee Rights in Iran".

Pavey returned to Turkey in 2011 and ran for a parliament seat. She became the first disabled female member of the Turkish Parliament.

## Awards 
* International Woman of Courage by the US Department of State
* Outstanding Young Person of the World Award by the Junior Chamber International
* Secularist of the Year 2014 by the UK National Secular Society

## References 
## Other websites 
* 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Harry Rowohlt

**Harry Rowohlt** (27 March 1945 – 15 June 2015) was a German writer and translator. He was born in Hamburg. He also played the role of a derelict in the famous German weekly-soap Lindenstraße.

In 1999 he was awarded the Johann-Heinrich-Voß-Preis für Übersetzung. And in 2005, he received the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis for his translation work.

He died of lung cancer in Hamburg.

## References
Sal Mineo

**Salvatore** "**Sal**" **Mineo, Jr.** (January 10, 1939February 12, 1976), was an American movie and theatre actor. Mineo was born in the Bronx, New York City, into an Italian family. He is best known for his  performance as John "Plato" Crawford opposite James Dean in the movie *Rebel Without a Cause*. He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Once for his roles in *Rebel Without a Cause* and once for *Exodus*.

Mineo was bisexual. In 1976 he played the role of a bisexual burglar in a series of stage performances of the comedy, *P.S. Your Cat Is Dead*. The play moved from San Francisco to Los Angeles and Mineo moved along with the play. He was arriving home after a rehearsal on February 12, 1976, when he was stabbed to death by a mugger in the alley behind his apartment building. This happened near Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California. He was buried in Hawthorne, New York.

## References
Qiao Shi

**Qiao Shi** (December 1924 – 14 June 2015) was a Chinese politician and a top leader of the Communist Party of China. He was a member of the party's top decision-making body, the Politburo Standing Committee, from 1987 to 1997. He was a contender for the paramount leadership of China, but lost out to his political rival Jiang Zemin, who assumed the presidency in 1993. Qiao Shi instead served as Chairman of the National People's Congress, the third-ranked political position, from 1993 until his retirement in 1998.

## References
Roberto Suazo Córdova

**Roberto Suazo Córdova** (17 March 1927 &ndash; 22 December 2018) was a Honduran politician. He served as President of Honduras from 1982 to 1986. He was born in La Paz, Honduras.

Córdova died on 22 December 2018 at a hospital in Tegucigalpa, Honduras from complications of stomach surgery at the age of 91.

## References
Charles Correa

**Charles Correa** (1 September 1930 – 16 June 2015) was an Indian architect, urban planner and activist. He is known for the creation of modern architecture in post-Independence India.

He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1972, and second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan in 2006, given by Government of India. He was also awarded the 1984 Royal Gold Medal for architecture, by the Royal Institute of British Architects.

Correa died at his home in Mumbai after a brief illness at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
* Charles Correa Associates  – Official web site of the Mumbai-based architect. Extensive project descriptions with photographs, biography and bibliography.
* Charles Correa – Photo Gallery at BBC Radio 3
* Charles Mark Correa Biography 
* Link to Art & Design webpage
Ancien Évêché Museum

The **Ancien Évêché Museum** is a departmental museum in Grenoble. It is dedicated to the Isere heritage through the history of its Bishop's palace. It was inaugurated in 1998. It is in the former Bishop's palace, near the Notre-Dame cathedral. The museum gives access to the remains of an early Christian baptistry and to a section of the former Roman wall, in the basement of the building.

The permanent exhibition *Isère throught History* displays items and paintings relating to the development of Isère from pre-history to the present day.

The museum also shows regularly temporary exhibitions of local artists.

## Some temporary exhibitions 
* Diodore Rahoult from November 2013 to May 2014
* *The Alps of* Doisneau from November 2012 to September 2013
* He Yifu*. The journey of a Chinese painter in the Alps * from November 2010 to February 2011
* Jules Flandrin*. works from 1889 to 1914*, from November 2008 to April 2009
* Grenoble. *Visions of a city*, from November 2007 to April 2008
* Alexandre Debelle, from February 2006 to May 2006
* * The Isère heritage in comics*, from November 2004 to May 2005
* *Painter (s) in Proveysieux*, fom October 2003 to May 2004
* *Cartusian monasteries in Europe*, from October 2002 to May 2003
* Abbé Calès, *a man, an artist*, from September 2001 to April 2002
* The Tour du Pin triptych, from April 2000 to July 2001

## Access 
The B tramline: Notre-Dame-Musée station.

## Other websites
* official website
Fred Kummerow

**Fred Kummerow** (October 4, 1914 &ndash; May 31, 2017) was an American emeritus professor of comparative biosciences at the University of Illinois and a centenarian. He continued to do research even after he was one hundred years old.

Kummerow was known for his works to prove the health issues that trans fat caused to people.

Kummerow died on May 31, 2017 at his home in Urbana, Illinois at the age of 102.

## Selected publications
* Johnston PV, Johnson OC, Kummerow FA. Occurrence of trans fatty acids in human tissue. Science 126, 698–699 (1957).
* Kummerow FA. Nutrition imbalance and angiotoxins as dietary risk factors in coronary heart disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 58–83 (1979).
* Kummerow FA. Interaction between sphingomyelin and oxysterols contributes to atherosclerosis and sudden death. Am. J. Cardiovasc. Dis. 3(1), 17–26 (2013).

## References
## Other websites
* http://wphna.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/WN-2015-06-01-02-72-78-Idea-Fred-Kummerow-My-diet-JF.pdf
* http://news.illinois.edu/news/13/0227heart_disease_FredKummerow.html 
* http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/805580
Jeanna Friske

**Jeanna Vladimirovna Friske** (; 8 July 1974 – 15 June 2015), better known by the stage name **Zhanna Friske**, was a Russian actress, singer, model, and socialite.

Firske died in Balashikha, Russia from glioblastoma, a rare form of brain cancer, aged 40.

## Discography 
### As Blestyashchie member 
* 1997: Tam, tol'ko tam (Remixes) ("There, Only there (Remixes)" - 1st Remix album)
* 1998: Prosto mechty ("Only dreams")
* 2000: O ljubvi... ("About love...")
* 2000: Belym snegom ("White snow" - 1st Compilation album)
* 2002: Za chetyre morya ("Beyond four seas")
* 2003: Apel'sinoviy ray ("Orange paradise")

### As soloist 
* Zhanna (2005)

## Filmography 
## References
## Other websites
* 
* Official Website of Jeanna Friske 
* Russian Actors Website
* Jeanna Friske at the Forbes
Child labour in India

in India and rest of the world, during 2003 in 10-14 age group, per World Bank. India with estimated 11%, is in green with 10-20% incidence levels, along with countries in red (30-40%) and black (>40%).]]

**Child labour in India** is when Indian children work for money, on a part or full-time basis....

The practice deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Various things lead to children working. Poverty, lack of good schools and informal work places may be blamed.

The 1998 national census of India estimated the total number of child labour, aged 4–15, to be at 12.6 million, out of a total child population of 253 million in 5-14 age group. The 2011 national census of India found the total number of child labour, aged 5–14, to be at 4.35 million, and the total child population to be 259.64 million in that age group.

The child labour problem is not unique to India; worldwide, about 217 million children work, many full-time.

## References