open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Stele

A **stele** is a stone or wooden , mostly taller than it is wide, that is built so that people will remember something when they look at it. Mostly it is decorated with the names and titles of the person that is a reminder of. This is , carved in relief or painted onto the slab.

## History and function 
Stelae were also used as territorial markers, as the boundary stelae of Akhenaten at Amarna, or to commemorate military victories. They were widely used in Mesopotamia, Greece, Egypt, Ethiopia, and, quite independently, in China and some Buddhist cultures, and by Mesoamerican civilisations, especially the Olmec and Maya. The huge number of stelae that survive from ancient Egypt and in Central America are one of the largest and most significant sources of information on those civilisations.

Unfinished standing stones, set up without inscriptions from Libya in North Africa to Scotland were monuments of pre-literate Megalithic cultures in the Late Stone Age.

An obelisk is a specialized kind of stele. The Celtic high crosses of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales are *specialized stelae*.The totem pole of North and South America is a type of stelae.  Gravestones are also kinds of stelae.

In 2004 the architect Peter Eisenman created a field of some 2,700 blank stelae, the *Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe* in Berlin to memory of the Holocaust.

## Notable individual stelae 
*Code of Hammurabi
*Rosetta Stone

## Gallery 

Image:Egyptian funerary stela.jpg|Ancient Egyptian funerary stele
Image:Healing Stela of Horus.jpg|Healing stele of Horus-(a Cippus of Horus).  Ptolemaic dynasty, c. 305-30 BC.
Image:Forres sueno.jpg|Sueno's Stone in Forres, Scotland
Image:QuiriguaStelaDNorth.jpg|Maya stela, Quirigua
Image:thkil1.jpg|Kildalton Cross 800 AD Islay, Scotland
Image:Estela 2.jpg|Cantabrian Stele 200 BC Cantabria, Spain
Image:rosetta stone.jpg|The Rosetta Stone in the British Museum
Image:Rosetta Stone.JPG|3-D view of Rosetta Stone-Left side
Image:Buddhist Stela Northern Wei period.jpg|A Buddhist Stele from China, Northern Wei period, built in the early 6th century

## Related pages
* Rune stone

## Bibliography 
* John Boardman ed., *The Cambridge Ancient History*, Part 1, 2nd Edition, 
* Christopher A. Pool, *Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica*, Cambridge University Press 2007 ()
*  Karen E. Till, *The New Berlin: Memory, Politics, Place*, University of Minnesota Press 2005

## Footnotes and references 
## Other websites 
* Funerary Stela
Qingzang railway

The **Qingzang railway** (also called **Qinghai–Xizang railway**, or **Qinghai–Tibet railway**) is a railway line from Xining, Qinghai Province, to Lhasa in Tibet.

The line includes the Tanggula Pass, at 5,072 m (16,640 feet) above sea level the world's highest rail track and Tanggula Railway Station which is the highest railway station. The 1,338&nbsp;m Fenghuoshan tunnel is the highest rail tunnel in the world, at 4,905&nbsp;m above sea level. The 3,345-m Yangbajing tunnel is the longest tunnel on the line. It is 4,264&nbsp;m above sea level, 80 kilometres north-west of Lhasa.

More than 960&nbsp;km, or over 80% of the Golmud-Lhasa section, is at an altitude of more than 4,000&nbsp;m. There are 675 bridges, totalling 159.88 km, and over half the length of the railway is laid on permafrost. The railway which was finished in 2006 is said to not help the people of Tibet.

It takes about 3 days to go from Lhasa to Guangzhou or Shanghai.

## References
Osnabrück (district)

**Osnabrück** () is a district (*Landkreis*) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is near the districts of Emsland, Cloppenburg, Vechta and Diepholz, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (districts of Minden-Lübbecke, Herford, Gütersloh, Warendorf and Steinfurt) and the City of Osnabrück.

## History 
The district is almost the same as the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück which existed until 1803. When the clerical states of Germany were dissolved, Osnabrück became part of the Kingdom of Hanover, which in turn fell to Prussia in 1866. The district was established in 1972 by merging four old districts (Osnabrück, Melle, Bersenbrück, Wittlage).

## Geography 
The landscape is characterised by two mountain chains: the Wiehengebirge in the north and the northern foothills of the Teutoburg Forest in the south. These chains go around the City of Osnabrück.

## Coat of arms 
## Cities and municipalities 
## References
## Other websites 
* Official website
Get on the Bus

"**Get on the Bus**" was the third single from girl group Destiny's Child.  The song featured rapper/producer Timbaland and is lifted from the original motion picture soundtrack of *Why Do Fools Fall in Love* (1998).  It was the second single to be lifted from the soundtrack following Melanie B's debut single, "I Want You Back".  Produced by Timbaland, it peaked at number twelve on the UK and Netherlands charts, and at number sixty on the German chart.  The single was not commercially released in the U.S. and other major markets, It did receive some minor US Urban radio airplay, peaking at #58 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart. The music video was directed by Earle Sebastian.

## Track listing 
#"Get on the Bus" (radio version) (featuring Timbaland)
#"Get on the Bus" (radio edit without rap) 
#"Illusions" (Destiny Club Mix)

## Credits and personnel 
* Lead vocals: Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland
* Vocal production - Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Timbaland
## Charts 
## References
Yottabyte

The **yottabyte** (symbol: **YB**) is a unit of measurement for computers of the near future. One yottabyte is 1000 zettabytes (ZB) or one septillion (1&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;000) bytes. 1000 yottabytes is one ronnabyte.
Tebibyte

A **tebibyte** (TiB) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. Tebibytes hold 1024 gibibytes (GiB) or  240 bytes. Some people call this number of bytes a terabyte, which is actually one trillion bytes, or 1000 gigabytes (GB).

1024 tebibytes make one pebibyte.

## Related pages 
* Kibibyte
* Mebibyte
* Gibibyte
* Pebibyte
Nature's services

'''''Nature's services''''' is a term for the ways in which nature benefits humans. It means particularly those benefits that can be measured in economic terms. Robert Costanza and other theorists of natural capital analysed nature's services to humanity in the 1990s.

The economic contribution of seventeen of these services they calculated to be about US$33 trillion per year, greater than the activities of the whole human economy, which was about US$25 trillion.
This was based on estimated costs of replacing the services nature provides. For that purpose they were compared with equivalent services that are produced by humans. This calculation makes clear that mankind cannot develop without nature's services.

This study is central for the theory of natural capital.

But this study had no great influence on government policy or on WTO, IMF or G8 economic and trade policy.

## Related pages
* Ecosystem services
* Experience Economy

## References 
*Amory B. Lovins, L. Hunter Lovins and Paul Hawken: *A Road Map for Natural Capitalism * (Pdf), in: *Harvard Business Review* May-June 1999, pp.&nbsp;145–157
South China Sea

The **South China Sea** is an ocean region in the south of China. It is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean; a vital area for shipping, fishing, and natural resources, and strategically important for regional security. 

The sea and its islands and reefs are claimed by many nations, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. These claims are mirrored in the many names used for the islands and the sea.

## Geography 
The name of the sea as used internationally is "South China Sea." In Vietnam the sea is called "*Biển Đông*" (which exactly means "East Sea").

The South China Sea runs from Singapore to the Taiwan Strait The sea has an area of around 3,500,000&nbsp;km². It is located in the western arm of the Pacific Ocean; one of the largest seas after the five oceans. There are hundreds of small South China Sea Islands. Some of the bigger islands have people living on them. They are inhabited.  Most of the islands are small and uninhabited.

## UNCLOS
The eastern border of the South China Sea, traditionally called called *"Luzon Sea"* along the west coast of Luzon island, is claimed by the Philippine government as its *Exclusive Economic Zone* (EEZ). Generally, a state's exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, extending seaward to a distance of no more than 200 nmi (370 km) out from its coastal baseline. The zone is based on the *United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea* (UNCLOS) which awards the country sovereignty of its maritime area  and rights to its natural resources.

The Philippine government renamed its western coastline in 2012 to reinforce its zone, with the Spratly Islands and Scarborough Shoal including the waters off the island of Palawan, as the West Philippine Sea. Despite this, China counter-claims the entire South China Sea without exception as its own, which overlaps with the Philippines' EEZ.

## South China Sea islands
## Related pages 
* Paracel Islands
* Spratly Islands

## References
## Other websites
* "China's Jurisdiction over the South China Sea," *Beijing Review*, July 3, 2012
Wuthering Heights

***Wuthering Heights*** is a novel by Emily Brontë. It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym (false name) "Ellis Bell". After her death, a second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte. The story is about the love of Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, foster siblings in Yorkshire. It is a classic of English literature, and has been made into movies many times and also a hit song by Kate Bush.

## Other websites 
*
**Wuthering Heights*, online text with PDF version.
*Reader's Guide to Wuthering Heights
*Wuthering Heights voted UK's favourite love story, Guardian
Leo Belgicus

The **Leo Belgicus** is a map of the former Low Countries (the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium and a small part of northern France).  They are drawn in the shape of a lion.  The Leo Belgicus that came first was  by the Austrian cartographer Michael Aitzinger in 1583.  The Netherlands were  the Eighty Years' War for freedom at this time.
There were three different drawings. In the most common one, the lion's head was found in the northeast part of the country and the tail in the southeast part of the country.  The most   is the drawing of Claes Janszoon Visscher. It was made in 1609 when the Twelve Years' Truce was written.  The third version was made late in the war. It was made after the freedom of the Dutch Republic was given in the Peace of Westphalia of the year 1648. It is called the *Leo Hollandicus*, the Holland Lion, and shows only the province of Holland.
Master Chief

, voice actor for Master Chief]]

**Master Chief Petty Officer John-117** is a fictional person.  He is the main protagonist of the *Halo* video game series. He is also called **Master Chief**, or **Spartan-117**.

Master Chief is a player character in *Halo: Combat Evolved*, *Halo 2*, *Halo 3*, *Halo 4, Halo 5: Guardians and Halo Infinite*.  He also is also featured in several novels and other games in the Halo series.

The character is never seen without his green-colored armor and helmet. He is one of the most recognizable characters from Halo. Several action figures of the character are available.
Arrowhead

An **arrowhead** is point of an arrow, or a shape resembling such a point.

Arrowheads are found all over the United States.  Archaeologically they are usually made of stone: primarily being flint, obsidian, or chert; but in many excavations bone, wooden and metal arrowheads have been found.  

In North America,  Arrowheads are sometimes mistakenly attributed to the Historic Period American Indians, but are actually from North America's prehistoric ancestors; some arrowheads date back to over 15,000+ years old (Paleo-Clovis Culture).  

In Scandinavia during the Viking age a wide range of arrowheads were used for a variety of tasks.

Arrowheads are attached to arrow shafts and may be "thrown" (similar to a spear thrower), or fired from a bow.

## Related pages
Stone tool

## Other websites
*  Texas Arrowheads 
*  Midwest Arrowheads
*  Relic Shack Arrowheads 
*  Texas Points Arrowheads
Capitol Hill Baptist Church

**Capitol Hill Baptist Church** is a Baptist church on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C.. Mark Dever serves as the senior pastor of the church. It is linked with the Southern Baptist Convention.

## History 
In 1867 on Capitol Hill, a group of people came together to pray for a church to be started in their area. The church would one decade later become known as the Metropolitan Baptist Church. In 1878, it had 31 members. In the coming years, the church grew. In 1912 the church finished working on the new main hall. Their then current pastor Dr. John Compton Ball oversaw the church membership increase, it numbered in the thousands by 1950. Over the next several years, the membership slowly dropped, and hit a low of around one hundred people, in the early 1990s. In recent years the church has grown to a much bigger church.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official church website
Obsidian (disambiguation)

**Obsidian** is a type of volcanic glass.

**Obsidian** may also refer to:

## Places
*Obsidian, Idaho, a town in Custer County, Idaho

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Episodes
*"Obsidian", a television episode of the animated series *Adventure Time: Distant Lands*

### Fictional entities
* Obsidian, a synonym for dragonglass, which kills White Walkers and their soldiers in *Game of Thrones*

### Gaming
*Obsidian Entertainment, a video game developer

## Computing 
* Obsidian (software), a note-taking application

## See also
Gerry and the Pacemakers

**Gerry and The Pacemakers** were an English rock and roll group during the 1960s. Like The Beatles, they came from Liverpool and were also managed by Brian Epstein.

## Early days 
Gerry Marsden was born on September 24, 1942, in Liverpool, England. His brother, Freddie, was born on October 23, 1940, in Liverpool. They formed a musical group called "The Mars Bars", with Gerry playing guitar and Freddie the drums. They changed the name to The Pacemakers because the Mars candy company said they would take them to court for using the name.

Les Chadwick (born John Leslie Chadwick) was born on May 11, 1943 in Liverpool. He worked in a bank before joining the band in 1959. He was their lead guitarist, but changed to bass. Les Maguire (born Leslie Maguire) was born on December 27, 1941 in Wallasey, Cheshire. He joined the band in 1960 after the group's piano player, Arthur McMahon, left the group.

## Success
The Pacemakers were the second band to be managed by Brian Epstein, who was also manager of "The Beatles. became the favourite song of supporters of the Liverpool Football Club. They even made a very successful full length movie in 1965 called *Ferry Cross The Mersey*. This was based on the song written by Gerry. The song made Liverpool's ferries world famous. Gerry also wrote eight other songs for the film.

The band enjoyed great success between 1963—1966, with such songs as "It's Gonna Be All Right".  This time was called the British Invasion because so many British bands were successful.  "[Our] songs were happy, the music simple and the lyrics nice to listen to," Gerry said. "We didn't try to change the world."

## Break up
The group broke up in 1967, and Gerry went on to work as an actor and performer in musical theater. He reformed The Pacemakers in 1972 with prominent Liverpool musicians Jose McLaughlin, Billy Kinsley and Pete Clarke. Gerry wrote a book about his life, ''You'll Never Walk Alone'', which was published in 1993. Original band member, Freddie Marsden, died on December 9, 2006, at 66 years of age.

## References
Left Behind (series)

The **Left Behind series** (or just **Left Behind**) is a fictional book series written by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins. The series takes place during, and after the rapture. Besides the best-selling fiction book series, there are also graphic novels, CDs, and a Left Behind: The Kids series.

## The books 
Note: The first three books were written later in time, but are a prequel to the series. 
#***The Rising***: Antichrist is Born: Before They Were Left Behind 
#***The Regime***: Evil Advances: Before They Were Left Behind  
#***The Rapture***: In the Twinkling of an Eye: Countdown to Earth's Last Days  
#***Left Behind***: A Novel of the Earth's Last Days 
#***Tribulation Force***: The Continuing Drama of Those Left Behind 
#***Nicolae***: The Rise of Antichrist 
#***Soul Harvest***: The World Takes Sides 
#***Apollyon***: The Destroyer Is Unleashed  
#***Assassins***: Assignment: Jerusalem, Target: Antichrist 
#***The Indwelling***: The Beast Takes Possession  
#***The Mark***: The Beast Rules the World 
#***Desecration***: Antichrist Takes the Throne 
#***The Remnant***: On the Brink of Armageddon
#***Armageddon***: The Cosmic Battle of the Ages 
#***Glorious Appearing***: The End of Days 
#***Kingdom Come***: The Final Victory

## Major characters 
***Rayford Steele** - Captain for *Pan-Continental* in his mid-forties 
***Chloe Steele Williams** - Daughter of Rayford and wife of "Buck"
***Cameron "Buck" Williams** - Journalist for *Global Weekly* and the husband of Chloe
***Bruce Barnes** - Assistant pastor at *New Hope Village Church* 
***Nicolae Jetty Carpathia** - A man from Romania who would become the antichrist

## The movies 
Note: The first of the books were made into movies starring Kirk Cameron.
*Left Behind: The Movie
*Left Behind II: Tribulation Force
*Left Behind: World at War

## Other websites 
*Official *Left Behind* website
Miguel Ángel Asturias

**Miguel Ángel Asturias Rosales** (October 19, 1899 - June 9, 1974) was a writer and diplomat from Guatemala. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1967 for his *Banana Trilogy*. He also wrote *El Hombre que lo tenía todo todo todo*.

He was very important for literature in his country.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References 
## Other websites 
* prizes/literature/laureates/1967/asturias-bio.html Nobel org
Germanic paganism

**Germanic paganism** was a religion that was a form of paganism. It was practiced in Central and Northern Europe before Christianity came there. The best-known form is now called Norse mythology. 

As a polytheistic religion, German paganism had many gods. The main ones seem to have been Odin, Thor and Tyr, which may have been the most important one.

## Modern influence
The Germanic gods have affected elements of everyday western life in most countries that speak Germanic languages. An example is the names of the days of the week: some of them come from Germanic deities. In English and Dutch, Saturn was not replaced. Saturday is named after the Sabbath in German and is called "washing day" in Scandinavia.

Many place names in England (such as Woodway House, Wansdyke, Thundersley and Frigedene) are named after the old deities of the English people.

More recently, people have created a modern form of Germanic paganism, called Asatru.
Petabyte

The **petabyte** (symbol: **PB**) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. One petabyte holds 1000 terabytes or 1 000 000 000 000 000 bytes. 

Large organizations use petabytes of storage to hold massive amounts of data. To store this amount of data at home would require about 1000 large home computers. For personal use, the petabyte is extremely rare; most modern PC's and personal programs use terabytes (primarily for very large backups), gigabytes, megabytes and occasionally kilobytes.

One thousand petabytes make one exabyte.

There are also currently petabyte supercomputers such as Frontier and Summit.
Hindustan

The term **Hindustan** may relate to various aspects of three geographical areas:
* India
* Indian subcontinent
* A region in northern India, east and south of Yamuna river, between the Vindhya mountains and the Himalayas, where Hindi/Hindustani language is spoken

**Hindustan** can also refer to the following:
* Hindustan Motors, an Indian car manufacturer
* HMS *Hindustan*, one of the eight ships of the King Edward VII class battleships
* "Hindustan" (1918), a popular published song written and composed by Oliver G. Wallace and Harold Weeks
* *Hindustan Times*, a major Northern Indian English language daily newspaper
* HAL Airport (Hindustan Airport), the major airport of Bangalore, Karnataka, India
* Hindustan, Indiana, United States, a small town just south of Martinsville, Indiana

## Related pages
* Hindustani language

## Other websites
*
Zombie (computing)

A **zombie computer** (often shortened as **zombie**) is a computer attached to the Internet that has been compromised by a hacker, a computer virus, or a trojan horse. 

Generally, a compromised machine is only one of many in a botnet, and the hacker will make the computer do unwanted things from far away. Most owners of zombie computers do not know that their system is being used in this way. Because the owner tends to not know, these computers are compared to zombies.
Open proxy

An **open proxy** is a proxy server which any Internet user can use. Generally, a proxy server allows users within a network group to store and forward Internet services such as DNS or web pages, so that not as much bandwidth is used and it is more controlled. With an "open" proxy, however, any user on the Internet is able to use this forwarding service.

By using some open proxies ("anonymous" open proxies), users can hide their true IP address.  Anonymous open proxies will also make the user more anonymous and secure when browsing the web or using other internet services: a user's true IP address can be used by a hacker to get information from the user's computer.

Sometimes people will abuse open proxies, and so they are often seen as a problem.  Using open proxies can be sometimes dangerous as person providing them can be collecting user information.

## Other websites 
*Open Proxy Network 
*Service VPN 
*List of sites that provide lists of open proxies
Isle of Arran

s]]
. Seen from Goat Fell summit.]]

**Arran** or the **Isle of Arran**  is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland.

With an area of  it is the seventh largest Scottish island. Just over 5,000 people live there.

Arran shares with the Hebrides cultural and physical similarities. Arran is mountainous and has been described as a "geologist's paradise".p297/301

The island is a popular destination for geologists, who come to see intrusive igneous landforms such as sills and dykes as well as sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks ranging in age from Precambrian to Mesozoic.

Most of the interior of the northern half of the island is taken up by a large granite batholith that was created by substantial volcanic activity around 60 million years ago in the Tertiary period. There is an older outer ring of coarse granites and an inner core of finer grained material.

Sedimentary rocks dominate the southern half of the island, especially Old and New Red Sandstone. Sand dunes are preserved in Permian sandstones near Brodick, there are localised outcrops of Triassic rocks,

Visiting in 1787, the geologist James Hutton found his first example of an unconformity to the north of Newton Point near Lochranza. It showed evidence for his Plutonist theories of uniformitarianism, and about the age of the Earth. This spot is one of the most famous places in the study of geology.

The Pleistocene glaciations almost entirely covered Scotland in ice.p68/69

Sea level changes and the isostatic rise of land makes charting coastlines a complex task, but  the island is clearly ringed by post glacial raised beaches.

There are tall sea cliffs to the north east including large rock slides under the heights of Torr Reamhar and at Scriden (*An Scriodan*) at the far north end of the island. The Scriden rocks fell "some two hundred years ago, with a concussion that shook the earth and was heard in Bute and Argyllshire".p19

## References
Rapture

The **Rapture** (meaning "to carry to another place") is a future event in Christian theology where Jesus Christ will return to Earth to bring his followers to Heaven. In Christianity it is believed that following this amazing event, the world will go through what is called *the tribulation*. Then later following, will come the *millennium* (a thousand years).

## Tribulation 
The *tribulation* (or the *great tribulation*) is supposed theory of a period of time somewhere around the *rapture*, where the Antichrist comes to power and controls the world. It is not entirely agreed among Christians whether the rapture occurs before (Pre-tribulation view), in the middle of (Pre-wrath view), or after the end of (Post-tribulation view) the tribulation, but most Christians seem to hold a Pre-tribulation view. Most Christians agree that the period lasts around seven years.

## Millennium 
The *Millennium* is the period following the *rapture*, and the *tribulation*, that Christians believe they will live in glory on the Earth. They also believe that Jesus Christ will be in total control over earth for *1,000* years (a millennium). 

## Books and movies 
### Books 
In 1950, the novel *Raptured* by *Ernest Angley* was published, and in 1995, the first of the Left Behind series was published. These and other books have made the story of the *rapture* and the *tribulation* popular.

### Movies 
The *Rapture* story has been retold in many movies. The most well-known production company is Cloud Ten Pictures. Which have created the *Left Behind film series* (Left Behind: The Movie, Left Behind II: Tribulation Force, and Left Behind: World at War), as well as several other movies. Some other notable end times movies are A Thief in the Night and The Omega Code.

## References 
## Other websites 
*RaptureReady
*RaptureAlert 
*ReligiousTolerance 
*NewFoundationsPubl
Zeeland

**Zeeland** (also called **Zealand**) is a province in Netherlands. It is on the south-western part of the country. About 391,000 people are living in Zeeland (2023).

## Geography 
Zeeland is a good example of land partly reclaimed from water or marshes. It is a large river delta at the mouth of several major rivers. 

Most of the province lies below sea level and was reclaimed from the sea. What was a muddy landscape, flooding at high tide and reappearing at low tide, became a series of small man-made hills that stayed dry. The people of the province connected the hills by making dikes. This made a chain of dry land which grew bigger, and gave the province its present shape. 

The North Sea flood of 1953 swamped vast amounts of land. Building the protective Delta Works also changed the face of the province. Dams, tunnels and bridges are a vital part of the province's road system. The final touch to this process came in 2003 when the Western Scheldt Tunnel was opened. It was the first solid connection between both banks of the Western Scheldt and ended the era of water separating the islands and peninsulas of Zeeland.

### Municipalities 
Location of the municipalities of Zeeland.

## Other websites 
* 
* Zeeland Tourist Board
* 
* GCatholic - Breda diocese
Plymouth Colony

**Plymouth Colony** was an English colony in North America. It existed from 1620 to 1691.  At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of the southeastern part of the modern state of Massachusetts. 

## History 
The first settlement of the Plymouth Colony was at New Plymouth. This settlement served as the capital of the colony. It is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. 

Separatists and Anglicans (together, the "Pilgrims") founded the colony. With Jamestown and other settlements in Virginia Colony, it was one of the earliest successful English colonies in North America.  It was the first sizable permanent English settlement in the New England region. 

The colony made a treaty with Chief Massasoit. This helped to make the colony a success. The colonists played a role in King Philip's War. The colony merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other territories in 1691. Together they formed the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

Plymouth holds a special role in American history. Many of the Plymouth colonists left England for a place to worship in their own way. The social and legal systems of the colony became tied to their religious beliefs, as well as English custom. Many of the people and events surrounding Plymouth Colony have become part of American folklore. These include Thanksgiving and Plymouth Rock.

## Related pages
*European colonization of the Americas
*British Empire

## References
*

## Other websites
* Timeline of Plymouth Colony 
* Colonial America:Plymouth Colony 1620 A short history of Plymouth Colony hosted at U-S-History.com, includes a map of all of the New England colonies.
* The Plymouth Colony Archive Project a collection of primary sources documents and secondary source analysis related to Plymouth Colony.
* Pilgrim ships from 1602 to 1638 Pilgrim ships searchable by ship name, sailing date and passengers.
Water buffalo

**Water buffaloes** are a kind of bovine. There are **Wild Asian Water Buffaloes** and **domestic buffaloes** or **domestic Asian water buffalo**. They are bred in Asia, South America and in Southern Europe. They were bred from the Wild Asian Water Buffalo, which is now an endangered species.

Today, these buffaloes are used for their milk, which has more fat than that of cows. The milk is processed to make Mozzarella, and curd. Feral populations are sometimes used to manage uncontrolled growth of vegetation around wetlands. They will simply graze it off. This keeps such bodies of water usable by birds and other wildlife.

Females normally give birth to calves every other year. Young bulls  usually stay with herds of mothers, which have about 30 buffalo, for three years after birth. They then go on to form small all-male herds.

Water buffalo have been kept by humans for more than 5,000 years. They have helped humans with their meat, horns, hides, milk, butterfat, and power, plowing and transporting people and crops.

Wild water buffalo are endangered. They live only in a small number of  areas in countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Thailand.

## References
Savior

***Savior*** (or **Saviour**) refers to a someone who has saved another from danger. It can also refer to someone who has helped people achieve Salvation. Many religions have a Savior, though the way they use the idea varies. 
## Abrahamic religions
Christianity's savior is Jesus, the Christ.(Gospel of Matthew 1:21) In Judaism, Jesus is not considered a savior. They believe that the Messiah, their own concept of a savior, has not yet come. In Islam, their savior is Mahdi. 
## Indian religions
In Hinduism, Shiva, Vishnu, and Devi are referred to as saviors.
Lípa (Havlíčkův Brod District)

**Lípa** is a village in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 1024 people live there. It covers 14,7&nbsp;km². Lípa was first documented in 1351.
Florida State University

**Florida State University** is a school in Tallahassee, in the north part of Florida, U.S.A. It is one of the two most important public universities in Florida, together with the University of Florida. More than 40,000 students go to school there, usually starting after high school (secondary school) at an age of about 18 years. About 9,000 of the students already have a degree (diploma) from college, and are learning even more, to earn an advanced degree.

The University is made up of 16 colleges: Arts and Sciences; Business; Communication; Criminology and Criminal Justice; Education; Engineering; Human Sciences; Information; Law; Medicine; Motion Picture, Television and Recording Arts; Music; Nursing; Social Sciences; Social Work; and Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance.

Florida State University is more than 150 years old. The fees to attend the school (tuition) in 2006 were $3,175 for people from Florida and $16,306 for people from other places, for each term (about 4 months).

Their athletics program, the Seminoles have 17 varsity teams and have claimed 3 national championships (1993, 1999, 2013) in football.

## References 
## Other websites 
* F.S.U. website
* F.S.U. sports website
Pebibyte

The **pebibyte** (symbol: **PiB**) is a large unit of measurement of information. 
1 pebibyte = 250 bytes = 1 125 899 906 842 624 bytes = 1024 tebibytes. It is related to the petabyte which is 1015 bytes.

1024 pebibytes make one exbibyte.
Dilemma (song)

**"Dilemma"** is the 2002 hit single by the rapper Nelly. The song featured Kelly Rowland from Destiny's Child. It was  released from the 2002 album *Nellyville*. "Dilemma" was Kelly Rowland's first international solo song away from Destiny's Child. She had previously appeared on Avant's "Separated", which was released in the United States only. It was also the first single from her debut album *Simply Deep*.  It is based melodically on and uses lyrical elements of Patti LaBelle's "Love, Need and Want You" from her 1983 album ''I'm In Love Again''. LaBelle also plays a part in the music video, as Kelly Rowland's mother. Kelly Rowland's part in "Dilemma" was originally offered to Christina Aguilera, but Aguilera declined the offer. Two years later, Nelly approached Aguilera once again for the recording of "Tilt Ya Head Back", a critically-acclaimed but less successful track (in terms of the Billboard Hot 100 chart) on Nelly's later album *Sweat*.

The song won Best Melodic Rap Performance at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards.

## Formats and tracklistings
;International Vinyl 

*Side A*
# "Dilemma" (radio edit) 
# "Dilemma" (UK Garage radio edit) 

*Side B*
# "Dilemma" (Jason Nevin's club remix)

;International CD

# "Dilemma" (radio edit)
# "Dilemma" (Jason Nevin's remix edit)
# "King's Highway"
# "Dilemma" (video)

## References
## Other websites
*
Scylla

**Scylla** was a sea monster in Greek mythology. She was said to be the daughter of Poseidon. Scylla was a water-dwelling version of the Hydra and the sister of Charybdis.

Some myths explain Scylla's beginnings. One says she was one of the daughters of Phorcys, the Greek God of the Deep. Another says that Scylla was a very pretty fairy who was liked by Poseidon, but the jealous Amphitrite turned her into a monster by poisoning the water where Scylla would swim.

One says that a jealous Circe poured a potion into the seawater and then made Scylla transform into a monster with four eyes and six long necks with ugly heads. Her body had 12 tentacle looking legs and a tail. She attacked the ships of nearby people.

In another myth, Heracles (also known as Hercules) came across Scylla when traveling and then killed her. The sea-god Phorcys then restored her to life.
Going commando

**Going commando** means wearing no underwear. 

People have many different reasons for 'going commando.' Some people do it to feel comfortable. Other people do it because their culture (the group they grew up with) does not have underwear. ‘Going commando’ refers to wearing no underwear but still wearing clothes on your bottom half (trousers, etc).

## Benefits
In women, 'going commando' might reduce the risk of developing yeast infections associated with warm damp environments. Tight underwear or undies that aren't from cotton can retain moisture in the genital area and makes it susceptible to bacteria. Nonetheless, there's no research on whether 'going commando' reduces yeast infection. In general, loose fitting and cotton undies should be worn.

## References
Smurfette

**Smurfette** is the main protagonist in *The Smurfs*. She is the only female smurf in The Smurf Village. Most of the other smurfs like her because of her beauty. She is not the smartest smurf. Often she gets caught in traps while looking at herself in the mirror. She does not seem to have an attraction for many of the other smurfs.

Later other female smurfs appeared, although it is unclear how they came into being. But a lump of Clay remains of an even larger Smurfette have been found. The Blonde hair, Blue skin and eyes of two girls found in Walt Disney 2020 suggestion an animal that stood 17 meters tall, with a full body height of some 25 meters this giant have been called nicknamed Giant Smurfette. And yet a girl Smurf called Colossal Smurfette seems to have been larger. The remain a living Smurf once more suggested this an animal in excess of 30 meters tall that may have weights as tall as 140 tons. If she’s alive today Colossal Smurfette would be able to look over the top of 19 story building.

**Smurfette** usually wears a white dress, white shoes, a Smurf hat and white panties under her dress (her panties are shown in every Smurf movie for a brief amount of time and a few times in the cartoon series), but in the comic book story "You Don't Smurf Progress", Smurfette is shown wearing her pink lingerie, and people speculate that she also owns a few frilly panties (due to her personality), but it is still unknown if she actually does or not.
Bring Me to Life

"**Bring Me to Life**" is the first single from Evanescence's multi-platinum first album *Fallen*. At the 2004 Grammy Awards the song won the award for Best Hard Rock Performance.

## Track listing 
The single for "Bring Me to Life" was released shortly before Evanescence's debut album *Fallen*. These are two of the most widely available versions of the single; other, mainly localized, versions have also been released worldwide.

***CD Single (First pressing; Australia only)** (Released 22 April 2003)
#"Bring Me to Life" (Album version) (Lee, A./Hodges, D./Moody, B.) — 3:56
#"Bring Me to Life" (Bliss mix) (Lee, A./Hodges, D./Moody, B.) — 3:59
#"Farther Away" (Album version) (Lee, A./Hodges, D./Moody, B.) — 3:58
#"Missing" (Album version) (Lee, A./Hodges, D./Moody, B.) — 4:15

***CD Single (Subsequent pressings)** (Released 20 May 2003)
#"Bring Me to Life" (Album version) (Lee, A./Hodges, D./Moody, B.) — 3:56
#"Bring Me to Life" (Bliss mix) (Lee, A./Hodges, D./Moody, B.) — 3:59
#"Farther Away" (Album version) (Lee, A./Hodges, D./Moody, B.) — 3:58
#"Bring Me to Life" (Music video) — 4:14

## References
Southern Baptist Convention

The **Southern Baptist Convention** **(SBC)** is a United States-based Christian denomination. While most of the churches that make up the SBC are in the USA, some are outside of the USA. The Convention began in the Southern United States, it is now "in name only" that the denomination is Southern and more members are in that region than in other regions. The name *Southern Baptist Convention* refers both to the denomination and to its annual meeting of members. They split from the northern Baptists in 1845 over the slavery question. At the time, the SBC was against ending slavery. In 1995 the SBC apologized and denounced slavery as evil and sinful. Some Southern Baptists refer to the convention as the Great Commission Baptist Convention, which the denomination also accepts.

The Southern Baptist Convention has many avenues of ministry, including but not limited to compassion ministries such as Disaster Relief and children's homes, seminaries for training and equipping men and women for ministry and theological/philosophical education, the International Mission Board and North American Mission Board equipping and sending missionaries to spread the Gospel and seek the lost and glorify God. The SBC is different from other denominations as it respects and upholds each individual church's right of autonomy. This means the SBC has no jurisdiction, power, or direct influence on how a state convention, local association, or church operates. In fact, the SBC is the only denomination operating with a bottom-to-top leadership and voting style. Each church sends messengers (voters) to the associational meeting (if applicable), state convention, and the meeting of the SBC. One of the goals of this style of operation is to keep everything clear, above reproach, and (above all) biblical. 

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official SBC website
My Gym Partner's A Monkey

'''''My Gym Partner's a Monkey'''* is a show on Cartoon Network. It is about a human boy named Adam Lyon who used to go to a normal human school but the principal says he is an animal because he spelled "Lyon" with an *i''. He then goes to Charles Darwin Middle School (named after the scientist Charles Darwin) and he makes friends with the animals at the school.

## Characters 
* **Adam Lyon** is the only human student at Charles Darwin Middle School. He is 12 years old.
* **Jake Spidermonkey** is a monkey that Adam met during gym class, and Adam's closest friend at school. He wears a red T-shirt and a blue baseball cap.
* **Ingrid Giraffe** is the tallest student at Charles Darwin Middle School. She has a "crush" on Adam, which Ingrid tries to keep a secret. Her voice actress is Grey DeLisle.
* **Lupe Toucan** is Ingrid's best friend. She talks with a Mexican accent. Like Ingrid, her voice actress is Grey DeLisle.
* **Slips Python** is an easy-going snake who believes almost anything. He somehow wears a shirt, even though he has no arms.
* **Virgil "Bull" Sharkowski** is the school bully. This shark wears braces on his teeth, and water-filled headphones to help him breathe on land.
* **Principal Pixiefrog** is the principal of Charles Darwin Middle School. He is a short frog.
* **Coach Gills** is the gym teacher at CDMS. She talks with a manly voice.
* **Ms. Chameleon** is the drama teacher.
* **Windsor Gorilla** is one of the smarter students at Charles Darwin. He and Slips are close friends.
McDonaldland

**McDonaldland** is a fictional universe made by McDonald's. The first character Ronald McDonald was made in 1963, and they created McDonaldland as a place for him and his friends to live. Ronald's usual friends are Grimace, The Hamburgler, and Birdie the Early Bird. Other people in McDonaldland include Mayor McCheese, Officer Big Mac, the McNugget Buddies, and the Happy Meal Gang.

In the 1970s and 1980s McDonald's had to change Mayor McCheese and Officer Big Mac, because they were too similar to another fictional world called *H.R. Pufnstuf*. People thought that McDonaldland got cancelled, but McDonald's was just trying to fix it by bringing in creative people from studios like SEGA and Klasky Csupo. The McDonaldland characters have slowly returned, and were even featured as Funko Pop figures in 2019 and 2021.
Smuggler's Run

'''''Smuggler's Run'''* released in Japan as  is an early video game developed by Angel Studios (now Rockstar San Diego) and published by Rockstar Games for the PlayStation 2 console. In the game you drive multiple vehicles including trophy trucks, SUVs, and cars. The game is rated T for teen and you can hit cops and animals but they will not die.

One sequel to the game was produced: *Smuggler's Run 2*, which was released for the Sony PlayStation 2 on October 30, 2001. The game was later ported to the Nintendo GameCube on August 7, 2002 and renamed *Smuggler's Run: Warzones*.

The original *Smuggler's Run* is now a part of the Sony Greatest Hits series of games that have reached a particular sales milestone for the Sony PlayStation 2.

## Plot Summary
In the game you are a drug and weapons smuggler battling against rival factions. You must completed objectives such as drop offs, races, and smash-up derbies. This game is been questioned because it is very repetitive.

## Critical reception
Although some reviews criticize the game for being repetitive and frustrating, the overall response was positive. It achieved an average score of 79/100 on review aggregator Metacritic.

## Japanese versions 
In Japanese versions, there are no cars, peoples, or animals on the stage.

## References
## Other websites
* Official *Smuggler's Run'' web site
Systems science

**Systems science** is the interdisciplinary field of science, that studies the principles of systems in nature, in society and in science itself.

Types of systems science are systems theory, cybernetics and chaos theory, and all kinds of similar sciences.

The aim of systems science is to develop interdisciplinary foundations for all science. This foundation is used in a variety of areas, such as engineering, biology, medicine and social sciences.

## Related pages 
* Chaos theory
* Complex systems
* Complexity
* Control theory
* Cybernetics
* Systems engineering
* Systems theory

## References
Buttocks

Buttocks (Up) Male Buttocks (Down)]]

The **buttocks** are two round parts of the lower body. They are on the back of the pelvic area and give padding when people sit. Buttocks are formed mainly from two large muscles on each side. These are the *gluteus maximus* and the *gluteus medius*. They go from the hip to the top of the leg, so they are not there just for decoration. The role of the buttocks in sitting and in sexual arousal are secondary functions in our species. In some African populations, the buttocks look bigger because of extra fat. This condition is known as steatopygia. It is an inherited condition first noticed in the Khoisan (San people) of southern Africa and the pygmies of central Africa. Now it has been recognised in the people of the Andaman islands in the Indian Ocean.

Slang words for the butt include booty, buttocks, bum, butt-cheeks,

## Gallery 

File:Horizontal gluteal crease.jpg|Horizontal gluteal crease
File:Intergluteal cleft.png|Intergluteal cleft
File:Fremont naked cyclists 2007 - 59.jpg|Nudist cyclists at an event, in Fremont, California. They use body-painting for their buttocks.
File:Stage Door Johnnies.jpg|A burlesque stage show with three naked men, their buttocks visible
File:Japanese traditional swimwear FUNDOSHI red rokushaku back photomodel fthong 1.jpg|Japanese man in a traditional swimwear Fundoshi-rokushaku
File:Bikini girls Holland beach 1999.jpg|Diffferent kinds of women's swimwear show the buttocks. bikini panties on the left, thong on the right

## References
Atlético Madrid

**Club Atlético de Madrid** is a Spanish football team from Madrid, the capital city of Spain, that play in La Liga. They are managed by Diego Simeone and they play their home games at the Wanda Metropolitano. They have had famous players like Álvaro Morata, Antoine Griezmann, Kieran Trippier, Jan Oblak, and Renan Lodi. 

In the number of titles, Atlético Madrid is the third most successful club in Spanish football, behind Real Madrid and Barcelona.

## Madrid Derby 
Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid are city rivals, because both are from Madrid. They compete each year in what is called the *Madrid Derby*. Until recently, Atlético Madrid had struggled in the derby, carrying a 14-year winless streak into the 2012–13 season. This ended on 17 May 2013 after Atlético beat their city rivals Real Madrid 2–1 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in the final of the 2012-13 Copa del Rey.

## Name 
 playing for Atlético in September 2013]]
* 1903-1939 **Athletic Club de Madrid**
* 1939-1941 **Athletic Aviación**
* 1941-1946 **Atlético Aviación**
* 1946-present **Club Atlético de Madrid**

## Titles 
* La Liga : 10
** 1939/40, 1940/41, 1949/50, 1950/51, 1965/66, 1969/70, 1972/73, 1976/77, 1995/96, 2013/14, 2020/2021
* Copa del Rey (Kings Cup) : 10
** 1959–60, 1960–61, 1964–65, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1984–85, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 2012–13
* Supercopa de España (Spanish Super Cup) : 2
** 1985, 2014
* Intercontinental Cup : 1
* UEFA Cup Winners Cup : 1
** 1961–62
* UEFA Europa League : 2
** 2009–10, 2011–12
* UEFA Super Cup : 1
** 2010, 2012
* Intercontinental Cup: 1
** 1974

## League position 
### Former position 
## References
Systems theory

**Systems theory** is the study of the nature of systems in nature, society, and science.  More specifically, systems theory is a framework to analyze or describe any group of things which work together to produce some result. This can be a single organism, any organization or society, or any electronic, mechanical or informational artifact. 

Systems theory as a technical and general academic area of study. It was founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and others in the 1950s. 

## Related pages
* Autopoiesis
* Chaos theory
* Fritjof Capra
Toyota Camry

The **Toyota Camry** (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ) is a car made by Toyota since 1980. The name "Camry" comes from the Japanese word *kanmuri* (冠, かんむり), which means "crown".

Hybric vehicles are being made (as of 2025).

## Sales
The Camry is Toyota's best-selling car in the United States and is in the Top 5 best selling cars in the US.

## References