open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Allan Hunter (footballer)

**Allan Hunter** (born 30 June 1946 in Northern Ireland) is a former Northern Irish football player.

He was a defender. He also spent most of his career at Ipswich Town. He made over 350 appearances in eleven years.

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
**Ipswich Town**
*FA Cup: 1978

**Individual**
*Ipswich Town Player of the Year: 1975–1976
*Ipswich Town Hall of Fame: Inducted 2009

## References
U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)

**U.S. Bank Tower** is a skyscraper in Los Angeles, California, United States.  It is 310 meters (1018 feet) tall and has 73 floors.  It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.  It is one of the tallest building in the United Stes that is west of the Mississippi River. It is also the second tallest building in Los Angeles and California, after the Wilshire Grand Center.

At first it was named **Library Tower**, but in 1993 it became U.S. Bank Tower. 

## Sources
## Other websites
* Official Website - U.S. Bank Tower
* Emporis.com - US Bank Tower
* SkycraperPage.com – US Bank Tower
Itumbiara

**Itumbiara** is a Brazilian city of the state of Goiás. It has 95.265 inhabitants and an area of 2.461 km². It was founded in 1909 and it is one of the most important cities in state of Goiás.

## Born in Itumbiara
Below is a list of famous people born in Itumbiara.
* Dante Amaral
* Zé Roberto

Image:Ponte Affonso Penna.JPG
Image:Itumbiara432413.jpg
Image:Vista de Beira Rio à Noite.JPG

Image:Iub3.JPG
Image:Itumbiara go furnas.jpg

Image:RioParanaiba-Furnas-RepresadeItumbiara-2007.JPG

## Other websites 
* Itumbiara's Official Home Page (in Portuguese)
Anal retentive

The words **anal-retentive** (or  **anally retentive**, **anal retentive**), often shortened to "anal", are used in everyday language to describe a person with so much attention to detail that the obsession becomes annoying to other people. The idea was thought up by Sigmund Freud 

## Origins
In the psychology ideas of Freud, the anal stage is said to follow the oral stage of development in babies and young kids. This is usually when they are learning  toilet training.  Freud made a theory which said that children who experience troubles during this time may develop "anal" personality traits, as well as a general interest in collecting and keeping things.

## Other views
Although Freud's theories have been influential, research suggests patterns of parental attitudes has a major effect on how a baby will grow up.

## References
Karl Muck

**Karl Muck**, (his first name is sometimes spelt **Carl**, his surname rhymes with “book”) (born Darmstadt,  22 October 1859; died Stuttgart,  4 March 1940) was a German conductor.  He was one of the greatest conductors of his day, especially famous for his conducting of operas by Richard Wagner.

## Early life 
Karl Muck’s father was a Bavarian politician and amateur musician.  After his school years he studied music at the Conservatory in Würzburg.  He also studied classical philology at the University of Heidelberg.  In 1877 he continued his music studies in Leipzig, learning the piano with Carl Reinecke.  His first public performance was in 1880, the year in which he graduated with a doctorate, playing the piano in the Piano Concerto by Xaver Scharwenka at the Leipzig Gewandhaus.

## Career 
Soon he spent all his time conducting operas.  He conducted in Zürich, Salzburg, Brno and Graz, and got a conductor’s job in Prague and later in Berlin.  He conducted the operas of Wagner’s Ring Cycle with great success as well as many performances of *Parsifal*. In 1912 he became the conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and from 1922 until he retired in 1933 he conducted the Hamburg Philharmonic Orchestra.

Muck was one of the first conductors to be internationally famous for travelling about conducting orchestras in many parts of the world.  He was a strict conductor who thought it was very important that the players should do exactly what the composer asks for in the score.

He was imprisoned in the United States during World War I, because of his support for Germany and because he refused to conduct the *Star Spangled Banner*.  After the war he was sent away and not allowed to return to America.  After his death a square in Hamburg was named after him, although in 1997 it was renamed “Johannes Brahms Square” because Muck had praised Adolf Hitler.

## References
*
Sargassum

***Sargassum*** is a genus of generally planktonic (free-floating) macroalgae (seaweed) in the order Fucales. The Atlantic Ocean's Sargasso Sea gets its name from the large amount of several species of *Sargassum* that grow there.

## References
Legal tender

**Legal tender** is **fiat money**, or currency (bank notes and coins). It has value because a government creates it and backs it, and people using it have faith in its value. Fiat money such as US dollars can be used as an exchange for goods and services.

A legal tender currency doesn’t have to be physical money. For example, El Salvador made Bitcoin (a digital currency) legal tender in 2021.

The point is that other kinds of money have been used. Legal tender differs from commodity money and representative money. Commodity money is based on a "good", often a precious metal such as gold or silver, which is desired or has other uses. Representative money is a claim on the commodity rather than the actual good. In that case, the gold stays in a bank, and its ownership changes from time to time as the money is used. Why might a good be used at all? One reason is that governments cannot just make it. It is said that this stops inflation because, with fiat money, governments can just print more.

Some economists argue that an economy can only grow if it can produce more capital goods and not more money in the form of credit. This means that good economies must produce things rather than borrow money to buy things produced in other countries.

Alan Greenspan was an early critic of fiat money arguing that "Deficit spending is simply a scheme for the confiscation of wealth". He thought the value of money should be backed by gold. Richard Nixon ended gold backing for the United States dollar in 1971. Other countries also changed to Fiat currency.

## References
Adjacent

**Adjacent** is an adjective meaning *next to*.

In geometry, two sides that meet to create an angle are said to be adjacent.

In trigonometry the adjacent side of a right triangle is the side next to the angle in question.
Hudson Valley

The **Hudson Valley** is a valley of the Hudson River. It runs from about Westchester County to Albany.

The Hudson River valley runs in a north-south direction across eastern New York State.  There are many rock types in the valley.  This includes Triassic sandstones and redbeds in the south, and the Palisades Sill.  Older Precambrian gneiss is in the north (and east).  

In the Hudson Highlands, the river enters a fjord. This fjord was cut during previous ice ages. To the west are the very long Appalachian highlands. Near Tappan Zee Bridge, the west side of the river has high cliffs. They are about – high.

Most of the Hudson Valley is part of the Appalachian Mountains. The northern part of the Hudson Valley is part of the Great Lakes area.

During the last ice age, the valley was filled by a large glacier. The glacier went down as far as Long Island. Near the end of the last ice age, the Great Lakes drained south down the Hudson River. The drained water is called Lake Iroquois. Lake Ontario is the remnant of that lake.

## References
Tributary state

from his vassal states in the Malay Peninsula ]]

A **tributary state** is a state that  is  to a more powerful neighbour. It was a form of subordination in pre-modern times.

The tributary sent a regular token of  to the superior power. This was a tribute, a substantial gift of wealth, such as the gold, produce, or slaves. The tribute might best be seen as the payment of protection money. But there were other ways to show submission as well.

For modern forms of state subordination, see puppet state, satellite state and client state.
Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa

The ***Asociación de Profesores y Monitores en Llingua Llïonesa*** or **APMLL** (Leonese Language Teachers and Monitor Association) is an association of teachers and monitors that teach Leonese language. 

They teach Leonese language in 16 schools in the city of León, (Spain), and in courses for adults in the provinces of León, Zamora and Salamanca (Spain). Also they develop some activities for promoting Leonese language between the population, as the Leonese language Day, in all the provinces of the Kingdom of León.

## Related pages
* Leonese language
* Leonese language writers

## Other websites 
* Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa 
* Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu
* Asociación berciana en Defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín 
* Top Level Domain for Leonese Language 

## References
Dzhe

**Dzhe** (Џ, џ) is a letter of Vuk Karadžić's Cyrillic alphabet, used in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to present a Voice for need to tell  (like the *J* in English "**j**ump").

## Related pages
*Dž (Latin alphabet)
*Ц, ц - Tse (Cyrillic)
Goat's milk cheese

'''Goat's milk cheese** or simply **Goat cheese''' is cheese made from milk that came from a goat. It has a different color, structure, and taste than that of regular cheese. It is usually white and breaks apart quickly. Because it breaks apart quickly it is usually stored in plastic containers with water.

Goat's milk cheese is more common in countries where it is difficult to keep cows.

File:Ziegenkaese Rolle II.jpg|A goat cheese
File:Geitost.JPG|Geitost goat cheese
File:00960 Beskider Hartkäse aus Ziegenmilch 2013; Northern Subcarpathians; Goat's-milk cheeses from Poland.JPG|Goat cheese from Poland
File:La Fourrière (cheese).jpg|La Fourriere (French goat cheese)
File:Banon1.jpg|Banon Goat Cheese

## References
Webcomic

A **webcomic** is a comic that can be viewed on the Internet. Most webcomics are made viewable either as a page or a strip at a time. Some do this on a regular schedule, often one strip each day, or one strip on each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.
## Sources
Separately managed account

A **Separately Managed Account** or **SMA** is a type of financial investment account.  SMAs are offered by financial consultants and brokerage firms, and managed by independent "money managers." A money manager is a business that manages stock and other securities, or  investments for an investor.  SMAs have varying fee structures.  Common characteristics of SMAs are that they provide open investment choices; have multiple managers; and, offer a customized investment portfolio created for a client's specific needs. 

## History 
They were first introduced in the US in the 1970s by the former investment firm EF Hutton    They have grown in popularity and  are offered in other countries.  For some investors, Separately Managed Accounts are rivals to mutual funds and other types of investments. 

## Performance 
While there is no long-term research that compares SMAs’ performance to other investment categories, the available research does show them as a strong competitor.

Morningstar Inc., a fund research firm, released research that showed that SMAs beat mutual funds in 2008.  They said that SMAs outperformed mutual funds in 25 of 36 stock and bond market categories that year.  In addition, Morningstar said that from 2006 to 2008, SMAs surpassed mutual funds in 22 of 26 categories.  

The *Wall Street Journal* recognized top SMA performers including PTI Securities & Futures LP’s “Protected Index Program” and  Robinson Value Management Ltd’s “Market Opportunity Composite Strategy.”   

Financial experts point out that past performance of any investment is not a predictor of future performance.  So, investors should talk with a licensed financial adviser and carefully review all information available before making any investment decision.  In addition, before making an investment, investors should check with the appropriate licensing and regulatory authorities to ensure that the firm offering SMAs is  properly licensed and in good standing.

## References
Mekong River

The **Mekong River** is a river in southeast Asia.  It flows through many countries: China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and finally Vietnam.  The Mekong begins in the Lasagongma Spring which is in the plateaus of Tibet, and flows about  south-east to the South China Sea. Its watershed covers 307,000 square miles (797,000 square kilometers).  

Its name comes from the Khmer language "Mother Ganga". Me means Mother and Kong means Ganga (Ganges).

The Mekong is one of the most biologically diverse areas in the world, with hundreds of types of fish, as well as river dolphins, crocodiles, and otters. Fishing is a very important activity on the river. However, the Mekong River is also used extensively for navigation.

"Cambodia's plan to build a canal from the Mekong River basin to the Cambodian coast", has support (2024) from Vietnam's authorities, according to media.

## Dams
The river has dams:
*Guoduo Dam
*Miaowei
* Gongguoqiao
* Xiaowan 
*Manwan
*Dachaoshan
* Nuozhadu 
* Jinghong

Dams that are being built in China, are:
*Gushui
*Wunonglong 
*Huangdeng
* Dahuaqiao

Dams that are being built in Laos, are:
* Xayaburi
* Don Sahong

Dams that are planned (as of 2017), include:
*Pak Beng Dam (planned finished in 2022)
*Latsua (planned finished in 2023)
*Sanakham (planned finished in 2024)

## Related pages
* Salween River
*Golden Triangle

## References 
## Other websites 
### Government, corporate, environment and technical
* Mekong River Commission
* Thailand National Mekong Committee 
* Vietnam National Mekong Committee
* Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law Peace Palace Library

### Travel, culture and history
* NYTimes: The Mysterious Mekong Starts to Reveal Itself
* First raft and kayak descents of the Mekong in China, 1994 - 2004
Mick Mills

'''Michael 'Mick' Denis Mills** (born 4 January 1949) is an English footballer turned manager.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### As a player
**Ipswich Town**
* FA Cup: 1978
* UEFA Cup: 1981
* Texaco Cup: 1973
* Football League First Division runner-up: 1980–81, 1981–82
* Football League Second Division: 1967–68

**Southampton**
* Football League First Division runner-up: 1983–84

**Individual'''
* Ipswich Town Player of the Year: 1977–1978
*Football League First Division PFA Team of the Year: 1976–77
*Ipswich Town Hall of Fame: Inducted 2007

## References
Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo

N = noun
V = verb
NP = noun phrase
RC = relative clause
VP = verb phrase
S = sentence
]]
"**Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo**" is a sentence that uses correct grammar. It is often used as an example of how homonyms and homophones can be used to create confusing, hard-to-understand sentences.

It has been talked about since 1967, when the sentence was used by Dmitri Borgmann in his book *Beyond Language*.  Later, in 1972, the sentence was used by William J. Rapaport. Rapaport is a professor at the University at Buffalo in Buffalo, New York.

The sentence does not have punctuation. It uses three different meanings of the word "buffalo". They are:
* **noun adjunct** (a noun used as an adjective): the city of Buffalo, New York.
* **noun**: the animal called buffalo in the plural form. They are also known as bison.
* **verb**: the word "", which means to  or  (to scare somebody).

It can be broken down to "Buffaloa buffalon Buffaloa buffalon buffalov buffalov Buffaloa buffalon", where "a" is adjective, "n" is noun, and "v" is verb. It means, "Bison from Buffalo, which other bison from Buffalo confuse, confuse the bison from Buffalo."

* The first two words, "Buffalo buffalo," mean bison from Buffalo in the same way that "Florida man" means a man from Florida.
* The next three words, "Buffalo buffalo buffalo," mean "which other bison from Buffalo confuse." We don't need the word *which* in the original sentence, just like how "a man which the woman loved" means the same thing as "a man the woman loved."
* The last three words, "buffalo Buffalo buffalo," mean "confuse the bison from Buffalo."
* Pauses and intonation should be used to aid understanding of the sentence.

Other words can be used to make sentences like this one. These include *police*, *fish*, and *people*. For example, "Fish fish fish fish fish". Also, there is a city named Police in Poland. It is therefore possible to form a sentence "Police police Police police police police Police police", meaning "Cops from Police, whom other policemen from Police, Poland, are watching, watch yet other cops from Police, Poland". 

Other times, similar words that are spelled differently can be used: " fowl foul fowl foul foul foul fowl".

## Why it is confusing to read
The sentence is very confusing because:

*Most people do not use the word "buffalo" as a verb.
*The plural form of the noun "buffalo" can be "buffaloes" or "buffalo". In this sentence, the second form is used, which is spelled the same way as the verb.
*There is no punctuation.
*Having no words such as *that* or *which* makes the sentence harder to follow.
*The only distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters is the use of capital B whenever Buffalo is used as a noun or an adjective. Lowercase b is used as a verb.
*By saying the word over and over again, it is confusing to read, as most words can't be used like the buffalo sentence.

## References
Nasrid

and Isabella I of Castile.]] 
The **Nasrid dynasty** or **Banu Nasri** () was the last Arab and Muslim dynasty in Spain. The Nasrid dynasty came to power after the defeat of the Almohad dynasty in 1212 at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. Twenty-three different emirs ruled Granada from the founding of the dynasty in 1232 by Muhammed I ibn Nasr until January 2, 1492, when Muhammad XII of Granada surrendered to the Christian Spanish kingdoms of Aragon and Castile. Today, the most visible evidence of the Nasrids is the Alhambra palace built under their rule.

## List of Nasrid Sultans of Granada 
* Muhammed I ibn Nasr (1238-1272)
* Muhammed II al-Faqih (1273-1302)
* Muhammed III (1302-1309)
* Nasr (1309-1314)
* Ismail I (1314-1325)
* Muhammed IV (1325-1333)
* Yusuf I (1333-1354)
* Muhammed V (1354-1359, 1362-1391)
* Ismail II (1359-1360)
* Muhammed VI (1360-1362)
* Yusuf II (1391-1392)
* Muhammed VII (1392-1408)
* Yusuf III (1408-1417)
* Muhammed VIII (1417-1419, 1427-1429)
* Muhammed IX (1419-1427, 1430–1431, 1432–1445, 1448-1453)
* Yusuf IV (1431-1432)
* Yusuf V (1445-1446, 1462)
* Muhammed X (1446-1448)
* Muhammed XI (1453-1454)
* Said (1454-1464)
* Abu l-Hasan Ali, known as Muley Hacén (1464-1482, 1483-1485)
* Abu 'abd Allah Muhammed XII, known as Boabdil (1482-1483, 1486-1492)
* Abū `Abd Allāh Muhammed XIII, known as El Zagal (1485-1486)

## Genealogical chart 
## Related pages
* Al-Andalus
* Alhambra

## References 
* William Montgomery Watt: *A History of Islamic Spain*, Edinburgh University Press, 1965 

## Other websites 
* Genealogy of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada  
* Genealogy of the muslim dynasties in Spain
Czechoslovakia national football team

The **Czechoslovakia national football team** was the national football team of Czechoslovakia.

## References
Vuk Karadžić

**Vuk Stefanović Karadžić** (Serbian alphabet: Вук Стефановић Караџић; 6 November 1787 – 7 February 1864) was a Serbian language mistakes fixer and pioneer. He first made Serbian language as the Serbian that people talk today. Vuk had largely changed Serbian language of that time, he collected folk songs from Serbian villagers and he was the author of the first Serbian dictionary. Vuk Karadžić is the most notable person of Serbian literature of the 19th century.

## Sources
Soviet Union national football team

**Soviet Union national football team** was the national football team of Soviet Union. The team was left after the Soviet Union breakup in 1991. The team is now replaced by the Russia national football team.

## References
Stephen Fry

**Stephen John Fry** (born 24 August 1957) is a British actor, broadcaster, comedian, director and writer. He  the television programme QI.

Fry was born in Hampstead, London and grew up in Norfolk. His maternal grandparents were Hungarian Jews. He is a Jewish atheist and is openly gay. He has been diagnosed with cyclothymia, a mild form of bipolar disorder. From 1995 to 2010, Fry had a relationship with Daniel Cohen. In January 2015, Fry married his partner, Elliot Spencer.

In February 2018, Fry announced via a video that he had an operation to treat prostate cancer and have 11 lymph nodes removed and was recovering from the surgery. He described the cancer as aggressive and said that early intervention had saved his life.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Deposition

**Deposition** might refer to:

* Deposition (law)
* Deposition (politics)

## Science
* Deposition (chemistry), molecules settling out of a solution
* Deposition (geology), material such as sediment being added to a landform
* Deposition (phase transition), how a gas is transformed into a solid
* Deposition (aerosol physics), how aerosol particles set down onto surfaces
Portuguese man o' war

The '''Portuguese man o' war'* (*Physalia physalis*) is a Cnidarian invertebrate. It lives in the sea. It is sometimes called the *blue bubble*, or *man-of-war''. Its common name comes from a Portuguese war ship of the 15th and 16th century. The ship had triangular sails, similar in shape to the bladder of the man o' war.

The Portuguese Man o' War has a reputation for swarming in groups of thousands. It is also known for its powerful sting.

## Structure 
*Physalia* is not a single animal: it is a siphonophore. This is a colony of four kinds of zooids. Zooids are very small, highly  individuals. These zooids are specialized polyps and medusoids. Though structurally similar to other cnidarians, the zooids do not live by themselves: they are attached to each other. Each type of zooid does not have some  and . It depends for survival on the others doing what it cannot do by itself.

A similar group of animals are the chondrophores. They are specialized hydroids, which also float at the surface of the open ocean.

## Predators 
The loggerhead turtle feeds on the Portuguese man o' war. It is a common part of the turtle's diet. The skin of the turtle is too thick for the man o' war's sting to enter and launch its venom. The sea slug *Glaucus atlanticus* and the violet snail *Janthina janthina* also feed on the Portuguese man o' war. The blanket octopus *Tremoctopus* is  to the venom of the Portuguese man o' war. The blanket octopus has been known to rip off the man o' war's tentacles and use them for defensive purposes.

## Commensalism and symbiosis 
The Portuguese man o' war is often found with many different kinds of marine fish. Some of them are shepherd fish, clown fish, and yellow jack. These species are rarely found anywhere else. The clown fish can swim among the tentacles without being stung. This is possibly due to its mucus that does not trigger the nematocysts. The shepherd fish seems to avoid the larger, stinging tentacles. It feeds on the smaller tentacles under the gas bladder. These fish benefit from the shelter of the stinging tentacles. It also helps the man o' war: the presence of these species may attract other fish to feed on.

## References
Halloumi

**Halloumi** also known as **hellim** is a white cheese made out of goat's milk. It is not a hard or a soft cheese, and can be fried to a crispy coating. Halloumi cheese originated in the island of Cyprus.

## References
Sleep apnea

**Sleep apnea** (or **Sleep apnoea**) is a problem certain people have. When they sleep, they sometimes stop breathing for short periods of time. These periods can last for 10 seconds or more. 3-4 breaths are missed. As a result of this, those affected do not get restful sleep. They are often tired during the day. 

Sleep apnea can occur when the muscles in the back of the throat relax too much to allow normal breathing. These muscles support structures including the back of the roof of the mouth (soft palate), the triangular piece of tissue hanging from the soft palate (uvula), the tonsils, and the tongue.

When the muscles relax, the airway narrows or closes when breathe in, hampering the breathing for 10 seconds or longer. This will lower the level of oxygen in the blood and cause a buildup of carbon dioxide. 

Mainly because such people also tend to have microsleep, they should not drive vehicles. Sleep apnea is a treatable disease. There are different drugs, and there is a therapy which consists of wearing a special mask at night. This is connected to a machine that can detect when breathing stops and that can prevent some of these stops. As a result, the quality of the sleep improves.

Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder. A large analysis in 2019  found that it affects 936 million—1 billion people between the ages of 30–69 globally, or roughly every 1 in 10 people, and up to 30% of the elderly. Sleep apnea is more common in men than women, roughly a 2:1 ratio of men to women.  Older people are affected more often. Other risk factors include being overweight, a family history of the condition, allergies, and enlarged tonsils.

## Signs and symptoms
Some signs and symptoms of sleep apnea: 
*Observed episodes or periods of stopped breathing during sleep (>15 episodes in 1 hour indicates sleep apnea), followed by abrupt awakenings with choking and gasping, which then ends the episode 
*Loud snoring
*Lowering of concentration
*Morning headache
*Difficulty concentrating during the day
*Mood changes, such as depression or irritability
*High blood pressure
*Decreased libido
*Awakening with a dry mouth or sore throat

## Finding out if someone has sleep apnea
Some people with sleep apnea do not know they have the condition. In many cases it is first observed by a family member. The doctor might test someone overnight in special monitored rooms the patient sleeps in, monitoring them with a camera and machines to watch their breathing and other signs, to check for episodes of sleep apnea.

## Complication
Diseases which may complicate sleep apnea are: obesity, high blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia, arrhythmia, polyemia, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and others.

Sleep apnea is a risk factor of arteriosclerotic disease.

## Effects
*Daytime sleepiness
*Depression
*Less concentration 
*Snoring
*Headache when waking up 
Where there are no observers, it may take time to discover this condition. When especially subjective symptoms are weak, the state will get worse gradually and it will start a serious problem.

## Other websites
*JOURNAL about sleep apnea

## References
Microsleep

**Microsleep** is a very short sleep that occurs when people are awake. It can last from under a second to about 30 seconds. It may happen because of sleep deprivation, fatigue, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or hypersomnia.  Microsleeps can occur at any time. Most of the time, they do so without warning. When people have a microsleep during conversation, they may lose track of the subject that was talked about.

Microsleep can be extremely dangerous in situations when people drive a car, work on a machine or otherwise need to stay alert.  People with  microsleeps usually are not aware of them. They instead believe that they were awake all the time.  One example is called "gap driving":  a person is driving a car and suddenly realizes that several seconds have passed by unnoticed.  The driver does not feel that she or he has been asleep during those missing seconds, although this is in fact what happened.  The sleeping driver is at very high risk for having an accident during microsleep.

Many accidents and catastrophes have resulted from microsleep episodes in these circumstances.  For example, a microsleep episode is claimed to have been one factor contributing to the Waterfall train disaster in 2003; the driver had a heart attack and the guard who should have reacted to the train's increasing speed is said by his defender to have microslept.

## References
Du Fu

**Du Fu** (; 712-770 AD) was a Chinese realistic poet. He was also called **Zi Mei**. Du Fu is often regarded, along with Li Bai and Wang Wei, as one of the three greatest poets in China's literary history. He has been called Poet-Historian and the Poet-Sage by Chinese critics. Today we know about 1,400 of his poems. His poetry describes human suffering that he had witnessed throughout his life. It also reflected on the troubled times during the Tang Dynasty. In 755 he was forced to flee his home and was separated from his family for a year.

## Footnotes 
## References 
* Chou, Eva Shan; (1995). *Reconsidering Tu Fu: Literary Greatness and Cultural Context*. Cambridge University Press. .
* Hung, William; (1952). ''Tu Fu: China's Greatest Poet''. Harvard University Press. .
Base (mathematics)

In mathematics, a **base** or **radix** is the amount of digits that a positional system of counting uses to represent numbers. For example, the most common number system used today is the decimal system. Decimal has 10 digits, 0 to 9, so it is a base 10 system.

A base is usually a whole number greater than 1, but non-integer bases are also mathematically possible. The base of a number may be written next to the number: for instance, 23_8 means 23 in base 8, which is equal to 19 in base 10.

## In computers
Binary (base 2) is used by computers because it is the simplest way to represent numbers. Hexadecimal or hex (base 16) is used by many software developers because it provides a shorthand of binary at a similar scale to decimal. Hex numbers can be converted to and from binary with no math, as every 1 hex digit is exactly equal to 4 binary digits.

## Measurement 
The oldest systems of counting used base one, unary. Making marks on a wall, using one mark for each item counted is an example of unary counting.

Some old systems of measurement used base twelve, or duodecimal. This is shown in English, as there are unique words for 12 (twelve or dozen), 12 * 12 (gross), and 12 * 12 * 12 (great gross). A foot is 12 inches. The 12-hour clock is also popular in English-speaking countries.

Angle measurement often uses a system adapted from the Babylonian numerals with base 60.

## Writing bases 
When typing a base, the small number indicating the base is usually in base ten. This is because if the radix were written in its own base, it would always be "10," so there would be no way of knowing what base it was supposed to be in.

## Numbers in different bases
Here are some examples of how numbers are written in different bases, compared to decimal:

## References
East Germany national football team

**East Germany national football team** was the national football team of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) from 1952 to 1990. The East Germany team is now the Germany team.

## Record
### FIFA World Cup 
East Germany only qualified for one World Cup, and they only made it to round 2.

* 1950 - *Did not enter*
* 1954 - *Did not enter*
* 1958 to 1970 - *Did not qualify*
* 1974 - Round 2
* 1978 to 1990 - *Did not qualify*

### European Championship 
East Germany never qualified for a UEFA European Football Championship tournament.

* 1960 to 1988 - *Did not qualify*
* 1992 - *Left to qualification round*

## References
Almohad

The **Almohad Caliphate** (From Arabic  *al-Muwahhidun*, i.e., "the monotheists" or "the Unitarians") was a Sunni Muslim empire that was founded in the 12th century, and conquered all of North Africa as far as Libya, as well as Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia).

## History 
Between 1130 and his death in 1163, Abd al-Mu'min al-Kumi, a Berber from the Masmuda tribe, defeated the ruling Almoravids and became ruler over all North Africa as far as Libya. He became emir of Marrakech in 1149 and conquered Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia). In 1170, the Almohads transferred their capital to Seville.

However, by 1212 Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199–1214) was defeated by an alliance of the four Christian princes of Castile, Aragón, Navarre and Portugal at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, in the Sierra Morena. The Almohads soon lost nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia soon.

The great Moorish cities of Córdoba and Seville fell into Christian possession in the first half of the 13th century. The Almohads continued to rule in Africa for some time, but they had lost much their territory.

The last representative of the line, Idris II, had only Marrakech left. There, he was murdered by a slave in 1269.

## Muwahhadi (Almohad) Caliphs,1121–1269 
* Ibn Tumart 1121-1130
* Abd al-Mu'min 1130–1163
* Abu Ya'qub Yusuf I 1163–1184
* Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur 1184–1199
* Muhammad an-Nasir 1199–1213
* Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II 1213–1224
* Abd al-Wahid I 1224
* Abdallah al-Adil 1224–1227
* Yahya 1227–1235
* Idris I 1227–1232
* Abdul-Wahid II 1232–1242
* Ali 1242–1248
* Umar 1248–1266
* Idris II 1266–1269

## Culture 
Herte is a list of Sufi writers:
* Sidi Abu Madyan Choaïb ben al-Houssein al-Ansari (1126-1198)
* Ali ibn Harzihim (m.1164)
* Abi Mohammed Salih (1153-1234)
* Abu Abdallah ibn Harzihim (m.1235)
* Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili (1197-1258)
* Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi (b. 1185) historian and writer
* Salih ben Sharif al-Rundi (1204-1285)

## Related pages
* History of Islam
* History of Spain
* Nasrid
* Reconquista

## References 
* *History of the Almonades*, Reinhart Dozy, (second edition, 1881)
* *Mica Enciclopedie de Istorie Universala*, Marcel D. Popa, Horia C. Matei, (Bucharest, Editura Politica 1988)

## Other websites 
* Historical maps of Almohad Dynasty Maps to be combined and compared
* Almohads Dynasty Berber dynasty
Ajaz Anwar

**Ajaz Anwar** is a Pakistani painter. He was born in 1946. He has a PhD. He is currently a professor at the National College of Fine Arts in Lahore. He paints in watercolour. Many of his paintings feature Lahore.

He received the president’s Pride of Performance award in 1997.

## References
Lilo Pelekai

**Lilo Pelekai** (first name  LEE-lo, last name Peh-leh-kai) is one of the two characters of the Disney animated movie *Lilo & Stitch*, its sequels, and the animated series. Lilo  (literally, *"lost"* in Hawaiian, and also in Mandarin). Lilo is a young Hawaiian girl who lives on the island of Kauai with her older sister Nani and her new family of alien visitors that live on Earth.

## References
Thyreophora

**Thyreophora** are the **armoured dinosaurs**: the name means 'shield-bearer'. It is a suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs. 

They are divided into these groups:
*Various early herbivores which could be quadrupedal or bipedal. Examples: the lightly armoured: *Scutellosaurus*, and *Scelidosaurus*.
* Ankylosauria
**Ankylosaurids: armoured from their head to their club-ended tail.
**Nodosaurids: no tail club but spikes and bony bumps on body.
* Stegosauria
**Huayangosaurids: an early group from Middle Jurassic of China.
**Stegosaurids: small heads and vertical plates and spines on body and tail. Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous.

## References
Tehama County, California

**Tehama County** is one of the counties of the U.S. state of California. It is just south of Shasta County, in the Sacramento Valley part of the Central Valley of California. The county is 2,962 square miles (7,672 square kilometers) in size.  Its county seat is Red Bluff.

## Other websites
*Tehama County official website
HCJB

**HCJB** ('''Heralding Christ Jesus' Blessings''') is a Christian shortwave radio station in Quito, Ecuador. It has been broadcasting on shortwave for more than 75 years and now also has television, satellite and Internet programs.

## References
## Other websites
*http://www.hcjb.org/
Media studies

**Media studies** is an academic area of study about mass media and its history and effects. It mostly focuses on newspapers, radio, television, and internet. Media studies take some ideas from other areas of study, such as humanities and the social sciences.

Most production and journalism courses use media studies content, but academic institutions such as universities often start separate departments. Media studies students may see themselves as observers of media, not creators or practitioners. These distinctions are different depending on the country where students live.

The development of media studies was sparked by the growth of new media in the post-Second World War period. A typical source was Marshall McLuhan's *Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man*. This book set out to connect changes in media with changes in society. His most famour phrase was "*The medium is the message*".

## References 
## Other websites 
* Media Studies. Discuss - *BBC News*, 18 August 2005.
Knobbed whelk

The **knobbed whelk** (*Busycon carica*) is a gastropod mollusc which is protected by a thick, hard shell. It is large predatory sea snail, or whelk. 

This mollusc is found in shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of North America from Massachusetts to northern Florida.

This whelk has a spiral shell with knobs (or spines) along its shoulder. The shell is up to 9.5 inches (24 cm) long. The shell is light gray to tan, and often has brown and white streaks.

On the shallow-water mud flats whelks prey on oysters, clams, and other marine bivalves. They wedge the bivalve open using the edge of their shell. Then they squeeze in their  radula. This is a rough tongue-like organ that has thousands of tiny denticles (tooth-like protrusions).
Yosemite National Park

, a tributary of the San Joaquin River]]

**Yosemite National Park** is a national park in the state of California, U.S.A.. Created on 1 October 1890, it was the second national park, after Yellowstone. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  Yosemite covers 1,189 square miles (3,081 square kilometers) on the Sierra Nevada.

Over 3.5 million people visit the park each year. Despite the park's great size, most people spend time in **Yosemite Valley**, one of the most beautiful places in the park. Almost 95 percent of the park is wilderness. Yosemite has many waterfalls. The most famous of these is the world-famous Yosemite Falls, which at  tall, is one of the tallest waterfalls in the world.

In the northern area of the park lies the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, a debated dam project. The reservoir floods.  Many people supporting environmentalism are trying to get the dam removed.

The eighth major operating system of OS X by Apple Inc. is named after the Yosemite National Park, called OS X Yosemite.

## Gallery

File:ElCapitan-001.jpg|El Capitan
File:Yosemite upper falls winter 2010.JPG|Yosemite Falls

## Related pages 
*List of World Heritage Sites in the United States

## References 
## Other websites
Hurricane Bonnie (1998)

**Hurricane Bonnie** was a strong Atlantic tropical cyclone in late August 1998. The storm was a major hurricane with winds near .

Bonnie made landfall near Wilmington and Cape Fear, North Carolina as a strong Category 2 hurricane early on August 27. The storm also caused damage in southeastern Virginia.

The storm killed five people, two directly.

Damage from the storm was near $1 billion.

## References
Comcast Center

**Comcast Center** is a skyscraper in Philadelphia, United States.  It is 297 meters (974 feet) tall and has 82 floors.  It was built in 1999 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.

## Related pages
* List of tallest buildings in the United States
* List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites
* Emporis.com - Comcast Center
* SkycraperPage.com – Comcast Center
Shasta County

**Shasta County** is a county in northern California, United States. It is in the Sacramento Valley part of the Central Valley of California. As of 2020, 182,155 people live there. The county seat, as well as the biggest city, is Redding. One major attraction in the county is Shasta Dam and Shasta Lake, one of the biggest dams in the state of California.

## References
## Other websites
*County of Shasta Website
Glenn County, California

**Glenn County** is a county found in the Central Valley, in north California, which is a state in the United States.

As of 2020, the county had a population of 28,917. The county seat is the city of Willows.

## References
Hurricane Georges

**Hurricane Georges** caused much damage and many deaths in on the norther Caribbean islands and the Gulf Coast of the United States. Even though it was very strong, caused a lot of damage and many deaths, it was not the strongest, costliest, or deadliest of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season, that would be Hurricane Mitch later on. Hurricane Georges crossed some islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and  Cuba, before it made landfall in Mississippi. Georges killed 604 people and caused $5.9 billion in damage, much of it from high winds and severe flooding.
Butte County, California

**Butte County** is a county in the state of California. It is in the United States. The county borders Tehama County to the north and Glenn County to the west. It is in the north part of the Central Valley of California. Butte County was founded in 1850.

Its county seat is Oroville, and its biggest city is Chico. The county has a land area of 1,677 square miles (4,343 square kilometers), 38 square miles (98 square kilometers) of which is water. The Sacramento River flows along it in a north-south direction and the Feather River flows through it in an east-west direction. The Sierra Nevada mountains rise above the county on the east side.

California State Route 32, California State Route 70, and California State Route 99 run through the county. Airports in the county include Chico Municipal Airport, Oroville Municipal Airport, Paradise Airport, Ranchaero Airport and Richvale Airport.

## Other websites 
* Butte County Official Website
Miacis

***Miacis*** is a small extinct carnivore of the family Miacidae. They were small mammals which lived in forests and climbed trees, and ate small prey. They had the ancestral mammalian number of 44 teeth. In later members the number of teeth began to be reduced. 

*Miacis*  had brains that were relatively larger than those of the creodonts. The larger brain size compared to body size suggests their behaviour was becoming more flexible, and possibly more intelligent.

Miacids are either early members of the order Carnivora or in a larger group called the Carnivoramorpha. They may not be monophyletic. One professional opinion is that most *Miacis* species belong to the ancestors of the modern order, the crown-group Carnivora.

The miacids lived 50 to 60 million years ago and were small omnivorous predators. According to one source, it preyed on smaller animals, such as small mammals, reptiles, and birds, and might have also have eaten eggs and fruits.

Some experts think it is a paraphyletic taxon. In other words, they think the name *Miacis* covers a number of different species.

## References
California State Route 99

**State Route 99** (commonly known as **Old Highway 99** or just **99**) is a state highway in California, in the United States. It is about  long, running from north to south in the Central Valley. It is parallel with Interstate 5. It begins at Interstate 5 near Wheeler Ridge, and continues north through the major cities of Bakersfield, Fresno, Chowchilla, Modesto, Stockon, Sacramento, Chico, and Red Bluff. Most of it is freeway, but some of it is still the historic rural two-lane road or a four-lane highway.

## References
* California Highways: Route 99
Georgy Zhukov

**Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov** (December 1, 1896 – June 18, 1974) was a Soviet general during World War II. He first became famous for stopping a Japanese invasion in Mongolia. During Operation Barbarossa, he arrived in Moscow with his army in just enough time to defend the city.

Later in the war he led Soviet forces to victory at the Battle of Stalingrad and Kursk, broke the Siege of Leningrad, destroyed the German center in the 1944 summer offensive called Operation Bagration, invaded Germany and led the Battle of Berlin.

He was 4 times Hero of the Soviet Union and had many more medals. After Stalin died he became Minister of Defense. 

## Other websites
*Georgy Zhukov - Encyc
Pierce Brosnan

**Pierce Brendan Brosnan**  (born 16 May 1953) is an Irish-American actor. Brosnan holds both Irish and American citizenship. He was born in Drogheda, County Louth. He used to play the part of James Bond. He played the roles of Mr. Brunner and Chiron in *Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief*, Stu Dunmeyer in *Mrs. Doubtfire*, and was in *Mamma Mia!*. In 2022, Brosnan played Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate in the DC Extended Universe film *Black Adam*.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Daniel Craig

**Daniel Wroughton Craig** (born 2 March 1968) is an English television and movie actor and movie producer. He was born in Chester, Cheshire, England. He is the latest actor to play James Bond. Craig also plays Detective Benoit Blanc in *Knives Out* (2019) and its sequel (2022).

Craig is married to actress Rachel Weisz.   He has a daughter Ella by his first wife, Fiona Loudon.  In 2006 he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

On 12 June 2008, Craig sliced the top of one of his fingers off while filming *Quantum of Solace*. 

In September 2015, Craig donated $47,000 to the presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders.

## Filmography
### Movies and television
## Video games
## References
Coatbridge

**Coatbridge** is a town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland.

Today the town is a working class town near to Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland. The town has also been described as "uniquely populated largely by people of Irish descent", meaning that there are many people from Irish families.

## References 
## Other websites
Formia

**Formia** is a city of the province of Latina, near Lazio (Italy).

## Twin towns
* Ferrara, Italy
* Fleury-les-Aubrais, France, since 2004 
* Gracanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Haninge, Sweden
* Santeramo in Colle, Italy

## References
Fleury-les-Aubrais

**Fleury-les-Aubrais** is a commune of the Loiret department in the northern part of France.

## Other websites
* Official website
Orange County, California

**Orange County** (established 1889) is one of the counties of California, in the United States. It is in southern California, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Its county seat is Santa Ana, and its largest city is Anaheim.

The county has 3,186,989 people, as of 2020, spread across just 948 square miles (2,455 square kilometers). It is the third most populous county in California. The west-flowing Santa Ana River divides the county into north and south parts. On the north, the San Gabriel River forms its border with Los Angeles County. Orange County has medium-sized cities including Anaheim, Orange, Huntington Beach, Fullerton and Irvine. The county is mostly residential.

Some famous attractions, such as Disneyland and Knott’s Berry Farm, are in Orange County. The professional sports teams in Orange County include the Los Angeles Angels and Anaheim Ducks. 

Orange County was a part of Los Angeles county until 1889. The county grew quickly after World War 2 becoming a place where people would live but work in Los Angeles or other counties.  Aerospace and light industry along with tourism and services were primary employers. 

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Orange County’s Changing Politics – slideshow by *The New York Times*
*Orange County, California  on National Association Of Counties
*Filming Locations in Orange County
České Budějovice

**České Budějovice** ( or ) is a town in the Czech Republic. About 96,000 people live there (2009). It is in the south of the historical region Bohemia. The popular Czech beer, Budweiser Budvar, is made there.

The city is also one of the major settings in the novel "The Good Soldier Švejk" by Jaroslav Hašek.

## Twin towns - Sister cities
České Budějovice is twinned with:

* Linz
* Passau
* Suhl
* Lorient
* Nitra
* Gomel
* Almere

## Photo gallery 

České Budějovice-116-Markt-2004-gje.jpg
Budweis-Marktplatz-26-Hotel Dvorak-gje.jpg
Budweis-Marktplatz-Dominikanerturm-04-gje.jpg
Budweis-Marktplatz-Samsonbrunnen-20-gje.jpg
Budweis-Dominikanerkloster-32-Turm-Kreuzigungsgruppe-gje.jpg
Budweis-Gymnasium-gje.jpg
Budweis-Mariae Opferung-Obetovani Panny Marie-36-Seitenschiff-gje.jpg
Budweis-Mariae Opferung-Obetovani Panny Marie-24-Hauptaltar-gje.jpg
Budweis-St Nikolaus-06-gje.jpg

## References
## Other websites 
* České Budějovice webpage
* Virtual show