open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Abswurmbachite

**Abswurmbachite** is a black or dark brown metallic mineral. It is named after Irmgard Abs-Wurmbach, who is a German mineralogist.  It is found in Mili, Avia or Andros Island, Greece.  It is not radioactive.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Mindat.org
*Webmineral.org
Acanthite

.]]
**Acanthite** is a mineral that can be lead gray, gray, or coal in color and is made from crystals. Its name comes from the Greek word, akanta, meaning "arrow", or the Latin word *argentum*, meaning "silver". It is made of silver(I) sulfide.

It is found in Freiberg, Schneeberg, and Annaberg, Germany. Acanthite is not radioactive.

## References
Coaxial cable

A **Coaxial cable** is a special electrical cable. It is used to transmit signals. The cable is specially insulated. This makes it quite stiff. Today, coaxial cables are used for things like Cable TV. Coaxial cables can also be used for computer networks, but this became rare in the 21st century, as twisted pair cables can be used more easily. 

Such cables are usually made of a conducting wire. Then there is some insulation, then there is another layer of conducting material. Finally there is the (insulating) mantle. Such cables are used as a high-frequency transmission line to carry a high-frequency or broadband signal. Because the electromagnetic field carrying the signal exists (ideally) only in the space between the inner and outer conductors, it cannot interfere with or suffer interference from external electromagnetic fields.

There are different types of coaxial cables, which satisfy different standards.

## Timeline 
*1880 — Coaxial cable patented in England by Oliver Heaviside, patent no. 1,407.
*1884 — Siemens & Halske patent coaxial cable in Germany (Patent No. 28,978, 27 March 1884).
*1894 — Oliver Lodge demonstrates waveguide transmission at the Royal Institution.
*1929 — First modern coaxial cable patented by Lloyd Espenschied and Herman Affel of AT&T's Bell Telephone Laboratories.
*1936 — First closed circuit transmission of TV pictures on coaxial cable, from the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin to Leipzig.
*1936 — World's first underwater coaxial cable installed between Apollo Bay, near Melbourne, Australia, and Stanley, Tasmania. The 300&nbsp;km cable can carry one 8.5-kHz broadcast channel and seven telephone channels.
*1936 — AT&T installs experimental coaxial telephone and television cable between New York and Philadelphia, with automatic booster stations every ten miles. Completed in December, it can transmit 240 telephone calls simultaneously.
*1936 — Coaxial cable laid by the General Post Office (now BT) between London and Birmingham, providing 40 telephone channels.
*1941 — First commercial use in USA by AT&amp;T, between Minneapolis, Minnesota and Stevens Point, Wisconsin. L1 system with capacity of one TV channel or 480 telephone circuits.
*1956 — First transatlantic coaxial cable laid, TAT-1.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Coaxial Cable Specifications 
* What does "RG-6" mean?
* Coaxial Cable FAQ Wire Guide 
* Coaxial Cable Selection Guide 
* Is There an Ideal Impedance? — Wired for Sound: Steve Lampen
Nidwalden

**Nidwalden** is a canton of Switzerland. It is in the center of Switzerland. The population is 38,600 (in 2001). The capital is Stans.

## Geography 
Nidwalden is in the center of Switzerland. To the north is Lake Lucerne.  Mountain ranges block in the rest of the canton on the other sides.

## History 
In 1291 the people of Nidwalden joined Uri and Schwyz to form an alliance. At the time there was no state, but towards the end of the 14th century early forms of government were established. This included institutionalized assemblies and courts. In the 14th and 15th century the people of Nidwalden joined the people of Obwalden to discuss important matters, but the two cantons were never really one. For example, Obwalden did not participate in the annexation of Bellinzona, Riviera and Blenio areas (today in the canton of Ticino).

Around 1500 many people in Nidwalden worked as mercenary soldiers. Many of these soldiers later emigrated. This helped to lessen the pressure of a growing population. A popular destination was the Alsace. After rejecting a new constitution by Napoleon — the ideas of the French Revolution were not popular in this agricultural area — Nidwalden was attacked by French troops on 9 September 1798. Random destruction was caused and at least 400 people were killed. After the end of Napoleon's rule in 1814 most of the changes were reverted. Only in 1877 did Nidwalden introduce a new constitution. The open assembly (*Landsgemeinde*) was abolished in 1997.
## Politics 
The government is composed of seven members. The local parliament has 60 seats.  Nidwalden sends only one deputy to the Swiss Council of States.

## Economy 
Up to the 1900s, Nidwalden was mostly agriculture. Cattle and cheese were exported mainly to northern Italy. 

From the middle of the 19th century onwards, trade, industry and tourism grew. Today, many small and middle-sized businesses fill the economy. The largest employer is the airplane constructor Pilatus. The small and middle-sized businesses work in a lot of areas. Many work in machine construction, medical equipment, international trade, optics and electronics.

Forestry and agriculture are still important. Most farming is done with cattle and dairy products. Family farms are still common in Nidwalden today.

Nidwalden is becoming an increasingly popular place to live and work. This is caused by its low taxes, its central location between Zürich and Milan, and the pretty countryside.

Because of the mountainous geography, tourism is important to Nidwalden. The lake and mountains attract many tourists around the year.

## Culture 
Many local charities have kept local traditions intact. There is traditional music, yodeling, dances, theaters and festivals. There are a number of modern cultural events, such as concerts and galleries.

## Municipalities 
There are eleven municipalities: 
* Beckenried
* Buochs
* Dallenwil
* Emmetten
* Ennetbürgen
* Ennetmoos
* Hergiswil
* Oberdorf
* **Stans**
* Stansstad
* Wolfenschiessen

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Site 
* Nidwalden map
* Official Statistics
Acetamide

of the acetamide molecule.]]

**Acetamide** is a chemical compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It has the formula . It is the primary amide of acetic acid.

**Acetamides** are chemicals related to acetamide. Normally these have more carbon attached to the nitrogen atom (as in acetanilide) but non-carbon atoms can also replace hydrogen on the carbon atom (as in chloroacetamide).

## Mineral 
Acetamide can be found as a mineral that is either colorless or gray in color, and is made of a crystalline  on black shale.  It is named for acetic acid and ammonia.  It can be found in Russia and is not radioactive.

## References
Seven Lucky Gods

The , commonly called the **Seven Lucky Gods** in English, refer to the seven gods of good fortune in Japanese mythology and folklore. They are often the subject of netsuke carvings.

Each has a traditional characteristic:

#Ebisu, god of fishers or merchants, often shown carrying a cod or sea bass.
#Daikokuten (Daikoku), god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikokuten are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops.
#Bishamonten, god of warriors.
#Benzaiten (Benten-sama), goddess of knowledge, art and beauty, especially music.
#Inconsistent one
##Fukurokuju, god of happiness, wealth and long life.
##Kisshōten, goddess of wealth
#Hotei, the fat and happy god of abundance and good health.
#Jurōjin (Gama), god of long life.

Many figures in Japanese myth were transmitted from China (some having entered China from India), including all of the Seven Lucky Gods except Ebisu. Another god, Kichijōten, goddess of happiness, is sometimes found depicted along with the seven traditional gods, replacing Jurōjin. 

The seven gods are often pictured on their ship, the Takarabune (宝船), or "Treasure Ship."  The tradition says that the seven gods will arrive in town on the New Year and distribute fantastic gifts to worthy people.  Children often receive red envelopes bearing the Takarabune which contain gifts of money around the New Year.  The Takarabune and its passengers are often shown in art in different locations, from the walls of museums to cuddly caricatures.

## References in popular culture
.]]
* Happy Seven is an anime about a school club made up of seven girls, having each one a different power of the Seven Gods of Fortune.
* The Seven Gods of Fortune appear in the video game Pocky & Rocky 2 for the Super Nintendo.
* The main group of villains in the Ranma 1/2 movie *Big Trouble in Nekonron, China* call themselves the Seven Lucky Gods Martial Artists and are based on them, but with different names.
* A song with the name 七福神 with a background movie parodying the Seven Gods of Fortune is available in Drummania V3 http://www.konami.jp/bemani/gfdm/gfdmv3/music/022.html
* A character in Dan Brown's *Deception Point* prays to the "seven deities of good luck" at one point, but uses the term *shichigosan*, which refers to the festivals for children of the ages of seven, five, and three.
* *Pink film* directors Toshiya Ueno, Shinji Imaoka, Yoshitaka Kamata, Toshiro Enomoto, Yuji Tajiri, Mitsuru Meike and Rei Sakamoto are known collectively as the .

## Notes
## Other websites 
*Information on Japanese deities
17 (number)

**17** (**seventeen**) is a number. It comes between sixteen and eighteen, and is an odd number.  It is also the 7th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13. In Italy, 17 is considered an unlucky number.

In Roman numerals, 17 is written as **XVII**.
Pectin

**Pectin** is a food supplement. It is a source of dietary fiber. It is used to make jellies and jams. Usually it comes in the form of a white powder. It is made from parts of fruit, like oranges. People use pectin to thicken things, like jelly and jam. 
 

It is also seen as a large polysaccharide molecule found in the cell wall of many cells.
Burger

**Burger** may refer to the following:
* Hamburger
* Cheeseburger
* Ground beef
* Burger diagram
* Fish burger
**Salmon burger
Pectobacterium carotovorum

***Pectobacterium carotovorum*** (syn *Erwinia carotovora*) is a rod-shaped bacterium originally isolated from carrots. It is a plant pathogen and opportunistic human pathogen, causative agent of soft rot and blackleg potato (*P. atrosepticum*) diseases.

## Pectobacteria
**P. carotovorum* subsp. *atrosepticum*, blackleg agent
**P. carotovorum* subsp. *betavasculorum*,
**P. carotovorum* subsp. *carotovorum*, soft rot
**P. carotovorum* subsp. *odoriferum*,
**P. carotovorum* subsp. *wasabiae*,
**P. cacticidum*,
**P. chrysanthemi*, (new classification as *Dyckeya chrysanthemi*)
**P. cypripedii*.

## Sources
*Waldee E.L. 1945 Comparative studies of some peritrichous phytopathogenic bacteria. *Iowa State Journal of Science*,  19, 435-484.

## References 
## Other websites
*Young, J. M., Saddler, G. S., Takikawa, Y., De Boer, S. H., Vauterin, L., Gardan, L., Gvozdyak, R. I. & Stead, D. 1996. Names of plant pathogenic bacteria 1864–1995. *Rev. Plant Pathol.* 75, 721–863
*Mee-Ngan Yap, Jeri D. Barak, and Amy O. Charkowski 2004 Genomic Diversity of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Its Correlation with Virulence *Applied and Environmental Microbiology*, 70, 3013-3023 
* List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature
Recrystallisation

crystals]]

**Recrystallization** (see also crystallization) is an essentially physical process that has meanings in chemistry, metallurgy and geology.

In chemistry, recrystallization is a procedure for purifying compounds. A crystal compound often has other compounds on it that make it less useful. To get rid of these extra items, the crystal is placed in a boiling liquid. Soon the crystal dissolves. The boiling solution, or the mix of the liquid and the dissolved crystal, gets colder. The crystal will form again. The unwanted compounds stay in the solvent, or the liquid. Now the crystal is pure and made of only the compound. Each type of compound works best in a certain type of liquid. Sometimes two or more liquids mixed together are needed to dissolve a crystal.

In geology, solid-state recrystallization is a metamorphic process that occurs under situations of intense temperature and pressure where grains, atoms or molecules of a rock or mineral are packed closer together, creating a new crystal structure. 
Limestone is a sedimentary rock that undergoes metamorphic  recrystallization to form marble, and clays can recrystallize to muscovite mica.

In metallurgy, recrystallization is the nucleation and growth of new undeformed grains in a deformed metal.

For ice, recrystallization means the growth of larger crystals at the expense of smaller ones. Some biological antifreeze proteins have been shown to inhibit this process, and the effect may be relevant in freezing-tolerant organisms.

## Related pages
* Crystal
* Crystallization

## Gallery

Image:Lysozyme_crystal1.JPG | Single Protein crystal of Lysozyme
Morris Gleitzman

**Morris Gleitzman** (born 9 January 1953 in England) is one of Australia's most successful children's writers. Morris Gleitzman began writing as a screenwriter and enjoyed success writing for the Norman Gunston Show on Australian television. He has also written for the Governor-General of Australia and Rolf Harris.

## Career 
Morris Gleitzman has had much success with his children's stories. They have been published in 14 countries around the world including the United States, United Kingdom, France and Australia. Some of his most successful books include *Misery Guts*, *Worry Warts*, *Blabber Mouth*, *Belly Flop* and *Puppy Fat*. He was born in England, on  9 January 1953. 

He had dropped out of school by the age of 16 to live "the hippie dream" and by the time he had moved to Australia was writing many short stories that would later become a reality and turn his small life into a big meaningful life.

His most successful book is *Two Weeks With the Queen*.

## Bibliography
### Books
## Awards
*1993
**BILBY Award (*Blabber Mouth*)
**CROW Award (*Blabber Mouth*)
*2016
**Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year: Younger Readers (*Soon*)

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Jesus with erection

**Jesus with erection** is a picture that was made by students at the University of Oregon and published in the March 2006 edition of the *Student Insurgent*. It caused debates in the United States in 2006. The picture shows a naked Jesus Christ on the Cross with an erection.

## Context
In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The paper said that this was to add to the debate about criticism of Islam and self-censorship. Danish-Muslims said that they did not like them because Islam teaches that it is wrong for people to make any picture of Muhammad and also because they felt that the pictures showed disrespect to Muhammad. This led to protests in many Islamic countries, some of which became violent and led to more than 100 deaths.

The students of the University of Oregon said that they made the pictures of Jesus because they want to show how people who are religious feel when people make pictures that may be offensive to Jesus. They wanted to get Muslims and Christians to talk and understand each other better.

## Reactions 
Some people disliked the picture of Jesus with erection. The president of the Catholic League, William Donohue, said that the president of the Oregon University, Dave Frohnmayer, is partially responsible for the pictures. William Donohue said that the picture was one of the worst attacks on Christianity he had ever seen. Other people who disliked the picture said that the University's President David B. Frohnmayer should not work for the University any more. However, the Oregon Daily Emerald and the Oregon Commentator, said that the students' right to free speech and the University's decision to defend the student newspaper, citing the s of the Supreme Court of the United States like the Southworth case. This case said that universities could support student groups (such as newspapers) that other students did not agree with without hurting the rights of the students who do not like the groups.

## Related pages
*Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy

## References
## Other websites
*The Student Insurgent Online
Bell P-39 Airacobra

The **P-39 Airacobra** was a fighter aircraft made by Bell Aircraft. It first flew in 1939, and was introduced in 1941. While it had good weapons, it was known for being very unstable and could lose control easily. It was fast but not very good above 5000&nbsp;m (15,000&nbsp;feet) as it lacked turbocharger. The Soviet Union used it during World War II as a fighter interceptor as most air battles at the Eastern front were fought at low heights. Very near the ground the Airacobra became extremely maneuverable and could out-turn any German airplane. The Russians liked the plane, and they often removed the wing guns to make it even more maneuvreable. Several Soviet pilots became fighter aces on P-39. The main weapon of P-39, a 37&nbsp;mm cannon, was so powerful that it could destroy almost any airplane on a single hit.

The pilot who scored the most aerial victories was Grigori Rechkalov of the Soviet Air Force. He shot down 57 Germans with Airacobra. His squadronmate Aleksandr Pokryshkin had 59 victories, of which 47 were with Airacobra.

The P-39 was different from most aircraft in World War II. It had "tricycle" landing gear, doors that opened like a car (pilots would climb out of most fighters of the time) and the engine was behind the pilot. The "Q" version could go 375&nbsp;miles per hour (600&nbsp;km/h), had four 12.7mm machine guns, and one 37mm cannon.

## Notes
## References 
## Other websites
Actinolite

**Actinolite** is a mineral that can be green, green-black, gray-green, or black in color and is made of crystals. It is common around the world. The environment it lives in is in metamorphic rocks. It is named after the Greek word aktinos (meaning "ray") because of the nature of Actinolite.  Actinole is not radioactive.

Actinolite is a crystal found in countries like the US, Brazil, China, and Canada. Actinolite is commonly used in industrial applications such as in the production of asbestos because it has similar properties to asbestos fibers. It is sometimes used as a gemstone, but it is not suitable for jewelry. Some types of actinolite are rare, which makes it an attractive to some collectors.

Actinolite is a member of a series that contains varying amounts of calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum. Tremolite is the Mg end, and ferroactinolite the Fe end, with actinolite in the middle. Actinolites with more than 50% Fe are very rare. Catseye actinolite exists; when chatoyant material is cut, it exhibits a fine eye. Actinolite is easy to cleave and hard to cut and would make a poor jewelry stone. Actinolite is the chief constituent of nephrite (jade). Smaragdite is a chrome-rich tremolite from Tanzania.

## References
Buoy

A **buoy** is a floating device that can have many uses. It is usually anchored in a certain place. The word is most commonly said () (as in *buoyant*),  but in American English it is often pronounced .

## Types
### Navigational aids
Buoys are used by ships to navigate or sail safely from place to place. They are used to mark a safe channel on a river, lake or harbour. They are used to mark dangerous rocks and other items which ships have to keep clear of. They can also be used to mark a shipwreck, pipelines or swimming areas.

### Other uses
Buoys are used as  for fishing, moorings for boats, yacht or dinghy racing, diving or weather stations and may be marked on charts as "Superbuoys".

## References
Air Canada

**Air Canada** is Canada's largest airline. It flies from Canada to the United States, Europe, Asia, Australia, and some Caribbean countries. Air Canada began on September 1, 1937. It was first called *Trans-Canada Air Lines*. The first flight was from Vancouver to Seattle. The airline's name changed to *Air Canada* in 1964. Air Canada was privatized in 1989. A large strike was launched by Air Canada pilots in September 1998. The airline became a founding member of Star Alliance since 1997 alongside Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International and United Airlines. Air Canada bought Canadian Airlines in 2000. Since the early 2000s Air Canada has had many financial problems.

## Fleet
Air Canada's fleet includes:
* Embraer 190
* Airbus A319
* Airbus A220
* Airbus A320
* Airbus A321
* Airbus A330
* Boeing 737 MAX 
* Boeing 767
* Boeing 777
* Boeing 787 Dreamliner

Air Canada has ordered the Boeing 737 MAX airplanes for the future. It is still receiving more Embraers and Boeing 787s. In the past, Air Canada had Airbus A340s, Boeing 727s, Boeing 737s, Boeing 747s, Douglas DC-8s, Douglas DC-9s and Embraer 170s.

## Gallery

File:Boeing 727-233-Adv, Air Canada AN1403561.jpg|An Air Canada Boeing 727 in 1984
File:Air Canada Boeing 787-8 C-GHPQ (2) (14235580133).jpg|An Air Canada Boeing 787 at Toronto
File:Air Canada Dinner.jpg|Air Canada's Food
File:AirCanadaExpressDash8-Q400C-GGFJ YYJJuly2019.jpg|A Air Canada Express Bombardier Dash 8-Q400 Airplane
File:Air Canada HQ.jpg|The headquarters of Air Canada in Montreal

## References
Florida Panhandle

The **Florida Panhandle** is the region of the state of Florida which includes the westernmost 10 to 18 counties in the state. It is a narrow strip lying between Alabama and Georgia to the north and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. While some definitions only include the counties west of the Apalachicola River, others include the eight counties east of the Apalachicola that are part of the Big Bend region. Culturally and in terms of history and climate, the region is more closely tied to the Deep South than to peninsular Florida.

## Related pages
*Panhandle

## References
Gulf Coast of the United States

are shown in red.]]
The **Gulf Coast** region of the United States is made up of the coasts of states which border the Gulf of America. The states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida are known as the **Gulf States**. All Gulf States are in the Southern region of the United States.

## Other websites
* A historical map from 1639 of the Gulf Coast
Loop Current

currents (1943 map).]]

Part of the Gulf Stream, the **Loop Current** is a warm ocean current in the Gulf of Mexico that flows northward between Cuba and the Yucatán Peninsula, moves north into the Gulf of Mexico, loops west and south before exiting to the east through the Florida Straits.

Around 1970, it was believed that the Loop Current exhibited an annual cycle in which the Loop feature extended farther to the north during the summer.  Further study over the past few decades, however, has shown that the extension to the north (and the shedding of eddies) does not have a significant annual cycle.

The Loop Current and its eddies may be detected by measuring sea surface level.  Sea surface level of both the Eddies and the Loop on September 21, 2005 was up to  higher than surrounding water, indicating a deep area of warm water beneath them.

## References
Misery Guts

***Misery Guts*** is a book by the award winning Australian author Morris Gleitzman.

This is a story about a kid named Keith who lives in London and his parents who own a fish and chip shop. This parents for a long time have not had many customers. Keith is dedicated to trying to make the store better and cheer up his parents so they won't be Misery Guts for the rest of their lives. He tries everything including some crazy stunts.

The story continues in the hilarious sequel *Worry Warts*.

The book did not sell very well. As of November 2007, the "Misery Guts/Worry Warts" combination was ranked #3,465,204 in books sold by Amazon. A television series was made based on this book.

## References
## Other websites 
* Misery Guts on Amazon.com
*
Brett Lee

**Brett Lee** (born 8 November 1976 in Wollongong, New South Wales) is an Australian cricketer. He has played for the Australian national cricket team and New South Wales Blues. He has taken more than 300 wickets. Brett is a very fast bowler, one of the fastest the cricket world has known. His fastest delivery was . Lee won the Donald Bradman Young Player of the Year Award at the Allan Border Medal award ceremony in 2000 soon after his debut and has gone on to win many awards and a few tournaments.

He is the second of 3 boys and first played cricket with his brothers. 

## References
*Profile
Trance music

**Trance music** is a kind of electronic music. It centers around a synthesizer and bass drum on each beat and melodies with themes. Most trance music usually have 140 beats per minute. Trance music is commonly played in clubs. The genre takes insipiration from techno, house music, and other kinds of electronic music.

Trance refers to an altered state of consciousness as, for example, achieved by hypnosis. Trance music is characterised by unusually long tracks of highly repetitious music. Group dancing makes the effect stronger, as it does with some types of traditional African music. The general idea has been many times used in religious ceremonies. Nobody knows who introduced the term to electronic music.

## Important sub-genres 
* Acid trance
* Psychedelic trance
* Uplifting trance
* Tech trance

## Famous Trance DJs (selection) 
* ATB
* Armin van Buuren
* DJ JamX
* DJ Tiesto
* George Acosta
* Oliver Lieb
* Pascal F.E.O.S.
* Paul van Dyk
* Piet Blank
* Spacekid
* Ferry Corsten
*Push
*Cosmic Gate
*Andrew Rayel
*Paul Oakenfold

## Famous Trance performers (selection) 
*B.B.E.
* Blank & Jones
* Dance Nation
* Dumonde
* Genlog
* Gouryella
* Hybrid
* Kai Tracid
* Lost Witness
* Matt Darey
* Nalin Inc.
* M.I.K.E.
* Sequential One
* Timo Maas
* Yves Deruyter
*Hailiene
*Susana
*That Girl
Acuminite

**Acuminite** is a colorless mineral made from crystals.  It is named for the Latin word "acuminis" (meaning "sharp point" or "spearhead") for the way the crystals are made.  It is easily found in Greenland in the Ivigtut cryolite deposit.  It is easily scratched with a copper penny.

## References
Medal of Honor

, Navy/Marine Corps and Air Force medals]]
The **Medal of Honor** is the highest award given to members of the United States Military. It is given to people who show a lot of bravery in wartime. Because of this, many people who get the Medal of Honor die earning it. It was first given in 1863 during the American Civil War. 

The Medal of Honor has been given to 3,458 different people, including
* Dakota L. Meyer, who is the youngest and most recent living 

* Jacob Parrott, who was the first man to be awarded the medal in 1863
* Mary Walker, who was the first and only woman awarded the medal.

## Gallery
; Army

File:cmoh army.jpg|US Army Medal of Honor, 1903-present 
File:ArmyMOH.jpg|US Army Medal of Honor, 1862-1895, 1896-1903

; Navy

File:Moh right.gif|US Navy Medal of Honor, 1942-present
File:NavyMOH.jpg|US Navy Medal of Honor, 1862-1912, 1913-1942

; Air Force

File:Airforce moh.jpg|US Air Force Medal of Honor,

## References
## Other websites
* Congressional Medal of Honor Society website 
*Medal of Honor  at the United States Army Center of Military History
Moraine

, Zermatt, Switzerland.  The **lateral moraine** is the high snow-free bank of debris in the top left hand quarter of the picture.  The **medial moraine** is the double line of debris running down the centre-line of the glacier.]] 
**Moraines** are accumulations of debris that are found in regions where there are glaciers or were glaciers formerly.

Moraines which are found far off from existing glaciers were created during a past ice age.  The debris may have been taken off the valley floor as a glacier moved or fallen off the valley walls as a result of weathering.  Moraines may be made of silt like glacial flour to large boulders. Moraines may be on the glacier’s surface or deposited as piles or sheets of debris where the glacier has melted.  Moraines may also develop when a glacier or iceberg reaches the sea and melts, dropping rocks that it has carried.

## Related pages
* Landform
* Long Island

## References
*Easterbrook, D. J. (1999) *Surface processes and landforms.* (Second Ed). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Warthog

**Warthogs** (*Phacochoerus africanus*) are members of the pig family. They are found in most of Africa south of the Sahara and are widely distributed in East Africa. They are the only pigs able to live in areas without water for several months of the year. By tolerating a higher-than-normal body temperature, the warthog is perhaps able to conserve moisture inside its body that might otherwise be used for cooling.Camels and desert gazelles have developed a similar mechanism for survival in hot dry places..

## Description 
The common warthog is a large bodied animal. Males are bigger than females. Both sexes have tusks which they use for fighting and defending themselves. They weigh between .

## Behavior 
Common warthogs live in groups called sounders. Females live in sounders with their young and with other females.  Males live alone when they become adults.  Both males and females have two facial glands: the tusk gland and the sebaceous gland. Common warthogs of both sexes begin to mark around six to seven months old. Males tend to mark more than females. They mark sleeping and feeding areas and waterholes.

They are seasonal breeders.

Common warthogs live for an average of 7 to 11 years in the wild.  In captivity they can live 21 years.

## Habitat 
Warthogs are found in moist and arid savannas. They avoid rainforest, deserts and high mountains.

## References
Cesc Fàbregas

**Cesc Fàbregas** (born May 4, 1987) is a Spanish football manager and former player. He manages Como in Serie A.

Fàbregas started playing football at Barcelona. In 2003, when he was just 16 years old, he signed with Arsenal. 
He was named as the new captain of Arsenal in November 2008, after William Gallas lost the captaincy. After a stint in La Liga, he would eventually sign for their London rivals Chelsea FC in June 2014.

Fabregas first played for the Spanish national team at aged 19. 

## Career statistics
### Club
 in January 2008]]

### International 
:''Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Fàbregas goal.''

## Honours 
 (left) and British Prime Minister David Cameron]]

**Arsenal**
*FA Cup: 2004–05
*FA Community Shield: 2004
*Football League Cup runner-up: 2006–07
*UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2005–06

**Barcelona**
*La Liga: 2012–13
*Copa del Rey: 2011–12
*Supercopa de España: 2011, 2013
*UEFA Super Cup: 2011
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2011

**Chelsea**
*Premier League: 2014–15, 2016–17
*FA Cup: 2017–18; runner-up: 2016–17
*Football League Cup: 2014–15

**Monaco**
*Coupe de France runner-up: 2020–21

**Spain**
*FIFA World Cup: 2010
*UEFA European Championship: 2008, 2012

**Individual**

*FIFA U-17 World Championship Golden Ball: 2003
*FIFA U-17 World Championship Golden Shoe: 2003
*UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Golden Player: 2004
*Bravo Award: 2006
*Golden Boy: 2006
*UEFA Team of the Year: 2006, 2008
*Premier League Player of the Month: January 2007, September 2007
*PFA Young Player of the Year: 2007–08
*PFA Team of the Year: 2007–08 Premier League, 2009–10 Premier League
*ESM Team of the Year: 2007–08, 2009–10, 2014–15
*UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2008, 2012
*FIFA FIFPro World XI 5th team: 2014

**Orders**
*Prince of Asturias Awards: 2010
*Gold Medal of the Royal Order of Sporting Merit: 2011

## Notes 
:Records began at the start of the 2006–07 season.

## References
Arsenal

An ***arsenal*** is a place where guns and ammunition are made, repaired or stored. 

Some arsenals include:

*The Kyiv Arsenal factory in Kyiv, Ukraine, which gave its name to the Kyiv Arsenal mutiny of 1918 (also known as the *January Rebellion*).
*The Arsenal in the Moscow Kremlin.
*L'Arsenal, now a quarter in Paris.
*The Rock Island Arsenal, Rock Island, Illinois, United States.
*The Warsaw Arsenal
*The Woolwich Arsenal, London, UK.
*The Venetian Arsenal, Venice, Italy.
*Arsenal, Arkansas
*Arsenal de l'Aéronautique, French military aircraft manufacturer

Several places, landmarks and buildings have been named after arsenals:

*The Arsenal Center for the Arts in Watertown, Massachusetts, United States.
*Several places called Arsenal Hill.
*The Arsenal Oak in Augusta, Georgia, United States.
*Arsenal Street in Hong Kong.

**Arsenal** is used in the name of several football clubs:

*Arsenal F.C., from North London.
*Arsenal de Sarandí, from Avellaneda, Argentina.
*Arsenal L.F.C., a women's football club from London
*FC Arsenal Kyiv, from Kyiv, Ukraine.
*FC Arsenal Kharkiv, from Kharkiv, Ukraine.
*Berekum Arsenal, from Berekum, Ghana.
*Arsenal FC, from Roatan, Honduras.
*Arsenal Tula, from Tula, Russia.
*Arsenal Wanderers, from Mauritius.
*FK Arsenal, from Montenegro.
*FK Arsenal, from Serbia.
*Arsenal (Maseru), from Maseru, Lesotho.

In arts, music and culture, **Arsenal** can refer to:

**Arsenal*, a Ukrainian film from 1928.
**The Arsenal Stadium Mystery* a British murder mystery film from 1939.
**Your Arsenal*, a 1992 album by Morrissey.
**Arsenal of Megadeth*, a compilation album by Megadeth.
*In comic books, Arsenal is an alias of Roy Harper, the original Speedy (sidekick to Green Arrow).
*The "Arsenal of Democracy" is a famous fireside chat by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940.
*"The Arsenal of Freedom", an episode of *Star Trek: The Next Generation*.
*Arsenal (band) is the name of a Belgian music band.
*Arsenal (Chicago band), another band.

There are also several man-made objects with **Arsenal** in their name:

*The Arsenal, an automobile manufactured in the late 1890s.
*The Arsenal VG-33, a WW2 French fighter aircraft.
*Kiev-Arsenal (photo camera) a Soviet brand of camera manufactured by the Arsenal Factory in Kyiv, Ukraine.
*Arsenal Shipka, a Bulgarian submachinegun.
*Arsenal Gear, a fictional weapon in the video game Metal Gear Solid 2

Railway stations with **Arsenal** in their name include:

*Arsenal tube station, a station on the London Underground in Highbury, named after Arsenal FC.
*Woolwich Arsenal railway station, a mainline station in Woolwich, London, named after the Woolwich Arsenal.
*Arsenalna (Kyiv Metro), a station on the Kyiv Metro

Companies with **Arsenal** in its name include:
*Arsenal Real Estate Funds, LLC
Six Flags Great Adventure

**Six Flags Great Adventure** is a theme park in Jackson Township, New Jersey, United States. It opened on July 1, 1974. The park complex also contains the Hurricane Harbor water park.

In 2012, Six Flags combined Great Adventure Park with the Wild Safari Area to form a single 475-acre theme park. As of 2018, the park contained 12 roller coasters. Three are world-class rides: El Toro, Kingda Ka and Nitro. Kingda Ka, with a top speed of 128&nbsp;mph feels like taking off from an aircraft carrier. Nitro, another fast roller coaster, offers a panoramic view of the New Jersey countryside. It is the largest drive-through safari park in North America. Between the three areas there are over 200 rides and attractions. Six Flags Great Adventure is open between spring break and late October. In 1976 it was renamed Great Adventure. Six Flags bought it in 1977. The investigation concluded he may not have used the safety bar. Eight teenagers were caught inside and died. In 1987 a woman fell to her death from the Lightnin' Loops roller coaster. She was 19 years old.

### Attractions timeline 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Six Flags Great Adventure Official Website
* 
* Gadv.com Great Adventure Online 
* GreatAdventureHistory.com
Adamsite-(Y)

**Adamsite-(Y)** is a mineral that can be white, pale pink, pale purple, or is colorless in color and is made of crystals.  It is named for Professor Frank Dawson Adams (1859-1942) of McGill University, Montreal, Quebec and is found in the Poudrette quarry in Quebec.  It's environment is in a pegmatite dike that is greatly heated.  It is barely radioactive, and is easily scratched with calcite and it also breaks easily.

## References
Silt (disambiguation)

**Silt** is a type of soil or earth material.  It may also refer to:

*Silt, Colorado, a town in the United States
*Silt elimia, a type of gastropod
**Silt* (Mistle Thrush album)

## Related pages
*Silt'e language, a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia
18 (number)

**18** (**eighteen**) is a number. It comes between seventeen and nineteen, and is an even number.  It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18.
In most countries it is the age of majority, age of consent, and voting age.

In Roman numerals, 18 is written as **XVIII**.

The number 18 has many multiples such as: 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, and so on. The prime factorization of 18 is 3x3x2 in expanded form, and 2x3²  in factored form.
21 (number)

**21** (**twenty-one**) is a number. It comes between twenty and twenty-two, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 7, and 21.

Twenty-one is also a name of a popular card game and is the age at which people in the United States can buy alcoholic drinks.

In Roman numerals, 21 is written as **XXI**.

In Greek numerals 21 is written as κα
Adamite

**Adamite** is a mineral that can be either yellow, purple, green, pink, or yellowish-green in color and is made from crystals.  It is very easy to break and it can be scratched by a copper penny.  Adamite is not radioactive.  It is named for the French mineralogist Gilbert Joseph Adam (1795-1881), who was the person who discovered it.   It is mainly found in the Atacama Desert in Chile. Adamite is also used for other commercial resources.

## References
Jorge Guillén

**Jorge Guillén y Álvarez** (18 January 1893 – 6 February 1984) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27.

## Biography 
Jorge Guillén was born in Valladolid. His life paralleled that of his friend Pedro Salinas, whom he succeeded as a Spanish teaching assistant at the Collège de Sorbonne in the University of Paris from 1917 to 1923. He was also a professor at the University of Murcia from 1925 to 1929, the University of Oxford from 1929 to 1931, and the University of Seville from 1932 to 1938. Exiled, he was forced to establish himself in the United States to continue his postsecondary teaching. He was a professor of Spanish at Wellesley College from 1941 to 1967. He retired to Italy, where he married for the second time. He later moved to the city of Málaga. In 1977, he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize, one of the most prestigious prizes for Spanish-language writers. He died in Málaga in 1984, age 91.

## Other websites 
*  The Jorge Guillén Foundation 
*  Poetry of Jorge Guillén

## References
19 (number)

**19** (**nineteen**) is a number. It comes between eighteen and twenty, and is an odd number.  It is also the 8th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and 17. In ordinal, it is written as 19th (nineteenth). 

In Roman numerals, 19 is written as **XIX**.
Silt

around a house and car in New Orleans after flooding from a breach in the London Avenue Canal]]

**Silt** is soil or rock that develops from granular material between the size of sand and clay.

Silty soil has much smaller particles than sandy soil, so it is smooth to the touch. When moistened, it is soapy slick. When rolled between the fingers, dirt is left on the skin.

Silty soil holds water longer, but it can’t hold on to many nutrients, though it’s fairly fertile. Due to its moisture-capturing quality, silty soil is cold and drains poorly.

## Grain size criteria 
Silt particles range between a  and  mm (3.9 to 62.5 μm), larger than clay but smaller than a sand.  Silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are about the same size in all dimensions.

Silt may occur as a soil or alternatively as suspended sediment in a water column of any surface water body.  It may also exist as deposition soil at the bottom of a water body after it is eroded elsewhere and transported by a stream or by a current.  Silt is easily transported in water and is fine enough to be carried long distances by air as 'dust'. Thick deposits of silty material that result from *wind* deposition are often called *loess* (a German term) or *limon* (French).  Silt and clay contribute to more particles in the water.
Habenaria mossii

***Habenaria mossii*** is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is naturally found in South Africa. Its natural habitat is mild grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss. 

## Source
* Pfab, M.F. & Victor, J. 2003.  *Habenaria mossii*.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 August 2007.
Proxima Centauri

**Proxima Centauri** is a red dwarf star that is likely a part of the Alpha Centauri star system and is the closest star to the Sun at a distance of 
. It is in the constellation of Centaurus.

Proxima Centauri was found to share the same proper motion as Alpha Centauri in 1915 by Robert Innes while he was Director of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa.

In 1951, Harlow Shapley said that Proxima Centauri was a flare star. Recorded photographs showed that the star became measurably brighter about 8% of the time, making it the most active flare star then found.

## Characteristics 
Red dwarfs are usually far too faint to be seen with the naked eye, that means without a telescope. Proxima Centauri has an apparent magnitude of 11 while its absolute magnitude is a very dim 15.5. Even from Alpha Centauri A or B, Proxima would only be seen as a 5th magnitude star.

Proxima Centauri has been the closest star to the Sun for about the last 32,000 years. Barnard's Star will make its closest approach to the Sun around AD 11,700, when it approaches to within about 3.8 light-years. However, at that time, it will *not* be the nearest star, since Proxima Centauri will then have moved even closer to the Sun. Six stars will come closer to Earth in the next 45,000 years.

## Planetary system
. The Alpha Centauri system can be seen as two small stars in the sky.]]

In 2016, an exoplanet was found by the European Southern Observatory around Proxima Centauri, Proxima Centauri b (or Proxima b). It was found in the habitable zone, and was thought to be Earth-like, with an ESI of 0.87. While being Earth-like, it may not be habitable on the surface, since Proxima Centauri gives off strong solar flares and high solar winds, which could strip away parts of the atmosphere of the planet, making it less habitable.

In October of 2016, scientists at France's CNRS research institute said that the planet may have oceans on its surface, and a thin atmosphere. If this idea is true or not is not known.

Another planet, Proxima Centauri c, much farther out than b, was discovered in 2019. It is seven times heavier (more massive) than Earth. It is too cold to be habitable. Because it showed up brighter than expected when photos of it were taken, it may have a ring system five times wider than that of Jupiter.

## Related pages 
* Alpha Centauri
* Barnard's Star
* List of nearest stars

## References 
## Other websites 
* Photograph of Proxima Centauri
* O Sistema Alpha Centauri (portuguese)
23 (number)

**23** (**twenty-three**) is a natural number. It comes between twenty-two and twenty-four, and is an odd number.  It is also the 9th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19.
Adelite

**Adelite** is a rare mineral. It is a calcium, magnesium, arsenate with chemical formula CaMgAsO4OH. Adelite was named from the Greek word for indistinct.

It can be blueish-gray, green, gray, yellow, or light green in color. It is made of crystals. Adelite is not radioactive. It is scratched easily with apatite.

The mineral was first described in 1891 in Värmland, Sweden. It can be found in Flipistad, Sweden.   

## References
The Naked Brothers Band

***The Naked Brothers Band*** is a musical comedy television series that airs on Nickelodeon created by actress Polly Draper. It stars her real-life sons Nat and Alex Wolff, real-life brothers that deal with fame and living their lives as rockstars. The show is shot in the style of a documentary, which exaggerates the real musical experiences of the brothers', who self-write all of their own music. The series started in January 2007 and ended in 2009. The show began with the pilot episode *The Naked Brothers Band: The Movie*, a low budget pretend documentary. It also has another movie, *Battle of the Bands*. The second season of the series will started in January 2008 after the premiere of the new NBB movie "Sidekicks".
Matterhorn

The **Matterhorn** (in German; ,  or *Le Cervin*) is ranked, by height, 12th  mountain in the European Alps. Its height is 4,478 metres.

The mountain is on the border between Switzerland and Italy, it towers over the Swiss village of Zermatt and the Italian village Breuil-Cervinia in the Val Tournanche. The name of the mountain comes from the German words *Matte*, meaning *valley* or *meadow*, and *Horn*, which means *peak*.

## References
*Charles Gos, *Le Cervin* (Attinger, 1948)
*Edward Whymper, *Scrambles Amongst the Alps* (1871)

**Notes**

## Other websites 
*Virtual ascent of the Hörnli Ridge with 360 degree panoramas 
*Alpinist Magazine  Mountain Profile - Issue 16
*Matterhorn Webcams 
*Matterhorn on Summitpost
*PeakWare info on Matterhorn 
*Matterhorn on 4000er.de
*Walt Disney and Zermatt 
*Chronology of climbs - in German
*Photo gallery dedicated to Matterhorn and surrounding nature
Particle size

*Particle size (general) provides general definitions of the *particle size* notion.
*Particle size (grain size) provides specific details for particle size of soils, powders, gravel, etc.
*Particle size distribution
Arachniodes

***Arachniodes*** is a genus of fern in family Dryopteridaceae. It has the following species (but this list may not have all species):
* *Arachniodes squamulosa*, R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.
22 (number)

**22** (**twenty-two**) is a number. It comes between twenty-one and twenty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 11, and 22.

In Roman numerals, 22 is written as **XXII**.
Rock flour

]]
 flowing into Gjende lake in Norway]]

**Rock flour**, or **glacial flour**, is a kind of flour which consists of clay-sized particles of rock, generated by glacial erosion or by artificial grinding to a similar size. Because the material is very small, it is suspended in river water making the water appear cloudy. If the river flows into a glacial lake, the lake may appear turquoise in color as a result.  Examples of this are Lake Louise, Canada and Gjende lake in Norway.

## Agricultural use
Some agronomists believe that rock flour has a powerful effect in restoring trace minerals to soil. An early experimeter was the German miller Julius Hensel, author of *Bread from Stones*, who reported successful results with *steinmehl* (stonemeal) in the 1890s. His ideas were not taken up through technical limitations and, according to proponents of his method, opposition from the champions of conventional fertilisers.

## Other websites 
*On a Fad Diet of Rock Dust, How the Garden Does Grow  Henry Homeyer, June 24, 2004, *New York Times*.
*Remineralize the Earth - "non-profit organization incorporated to disseminate ideas and practice about soil remineralization".
*Soil remineralization: a future market for aggregate industry fines , Robert J. Able, June 1995, *Pit & Quarry*.
*Julius Hensel 
*Downloadable document on co-utilisation of mineral fines and composts
Virginia opossum

The **Virginia opossum** (*Didelphis virginiana*) is the only species of North American marsupial. It is sometimes called a possum, but that refers more correctly to a group of Australian marsupials. 

## Description 
An opossum is about the size of a house cat. It has grizzled white and gray fur. Adult opossums weigh about 2-6 kg (4-14 lbs). They live alone, are active at night, and they are good climbers.

## Habitat 
People can find this opossum in the eastern United States, and along the west coast from British Columbia and to Baja California.  They like to live in forests, brushy areas, and farmland.

## References
Motor ship

, Russia]]
A **motor ship** is a ship moved through water by an engine, usually a diesel engine. The name of motor ships are often prefixed with **MS** or **M/S**.