open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Demographics of Azerbaijan

The **Demographics of Azerbaijan** is about the demographics (statistical information and study of the population and the people) of the population of Azerbaijan, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the population, economic status, religious beliefs and other aspects of the population.
 population 1958-2006 (in millions). Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan.]]

## Total population (in thousands)   
**Notes about table**
* To see the effect of periodical events on the population period until 1950 is not given in decades.

:9,047,000 (2010)

## Vital statistics
## Ethnic groups 
## Languages
Azerbaijani 92.3%, Lezgi 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, 
other 3.3%, no information given 1% (1999 census)

## Demographic statistics
### Age structure
:0-14 years: 22.3% 
:15-64 years: 71.9% 
:65 years and over: 5.8%  (2012 est.)

### Median age
:Total: 28.2 years
:Male: 26.6 years
:Female: 30 years (2009 est.)

### Urbanization
: Urban population: 52% of total population (2008)
: Rate of urbanization: 1% of annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

### Sex ratio
:At birth: 1.13 male(s)/female
:Under 15 years: 1.12 male(s)/female
:15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
:65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female
:Total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

### Infant mortality rate
:Total: 10.6 deaths/1,000 live births

### Life expectancy at birth
:Total population: 66.66 years
:*Country comparison to the world:* 158
:Male: 62.53 years
:Female: 71.34 years (2009 est.)

### Total fertility rate
:2.04 children born/woman (2009 est.)
:1.92 children born/woman (2012 est.)
:*Country comparison to the world:* 135

### HIV/AIDS
:Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.2% (2007 est.)
:*Country comparison to the world:* 92
:People living with HIV/AIDS: 7,800 (2007 est.)
:*Country comparison to the world:* 113
:Deaths: less than 100 (2007 est.)
:*Country comparison to the world:* 127

### Nationality
:Noun: Azerbaijani(s)
:Adjective: Azerbaijani

### Religions
*Islam 96%
**Shi'a 85%
**Sunni 15%
*Christianity 3%
**Russian Orthodox Church 2.5%
**Georgian Orthodox Church 0.18%
*Judaism (incl. Mountain Jews) 0.11%

:*Note*: Religious belief is in name only in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing followers are much lower.

### Literacy
:Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
:Total population: 98.8%
:Male: 99.5%
:Female: 98.2% (2003 est.)

### Education expenditures
:2.1% of total GDP
:*Country comparison to the world:* 162

## References
Christopher Isherwood

**Christopher William Bradshaw Isherwood** (26 August 1904 &ndash; 4 January 1986) was a British-American novelist and playwright.

He also wrote plays such as *The Dog Beneath the Skin* (1935), *The Ascent of F6* (1936), *On the Frontier* (1939), *The Berlin Stories* (1945).

Isherwood was born on 26 August 1904 in Wyberslegh Hall, High Lane, Cheshire, England. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and King's College London.
 
Isherwood was partners with Heinz Neddermeyer from 1932 until 1937. He was partners with Don Bachardy from 1953 until Isherwood's death in 1986.

Isherwood died on 4 January 1986 from prostate cancer in Santa Monica, California. He was 81 years old.

## Other websites
*Isherwood Exhibit at the Huntington
*
*LitWeb.net: Christopher Isherwood Biography 
*Christopher Isherwood Foundation 
* Christopher Isherwood Collection  at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
* 
**Where Joy Resides*  An Isherwood Reader
*"Cabaret Berlin"  Information on Christopher Isherwood and the entertainment of the Weimar era
*
The Thing (1982 movie)

***The Thing*** (also known as '''''John Carpenter's The Thing''''') is a 1982 American science fiction horror monster movie directed by John Carpenter. It stars Kurt Russell, Wilford Brimley, Richard Dysart, Richard Masur and Donald Moffat. The movie's title refers to the main antagonist: a parasitic extraterrestrial lifeform that violently assimilates other organisms and in turn changes into their shape. The Thing enters an Antarctic research station, taking the appearance of the researchers that it absorbs, and paranoia develops within the group. It was released on June 25, 1982.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* *The Thing* at theofficialjohncarpenter.com 
* Film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum's Set Visit
Paul Scofield

**David Paul Scofield** (21 January 1922 &ndash; 19 March 2008), better known as **Paul Scofield**, was an English actor. He was known for his distinctive voice and delivery. 

Scofield received an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for his performance as Sir Thomas More in the 1966 movie *A Man for All Seasons*. He later reprised his role when he played in the stage version of the movie at the West End and on Broadway for which he received a Tony Award.

Scofield was born on 21 January 1922 in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England. He was raised in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Scofield studied at Varndean Secondary School. 

He was married to Joy Parker from 1943 until his death 2008. They had two children. Scofield died on 19 March 2008 in Sussex, England from leukemia, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*BBC News Interview-Paul Scofield, A Man For All Seasons

*Obituaries:
***The Guardian*, 20 March 2008
***The Independent*, 21 March 2008 
***The Times*, 21 March 2008 
***The Daily Telegraph*, 22 March 2008
Stanley Holloway

**Stanley Augustus Holloway**, OBE (1 October 1890 &ndash; 30 January 1982) was an English movie actor, comedian, singer, poet and monologist. 

He was famous for his comic and character roles on stage and screen, especially that of Alfred P. Doolittle in *My Fair Lady*. He was also known for his comic monologues and songs, which he performed and recorded in his 70-year career.

Holloway was born on 1 October 1890 in Manor Park, Essex, England. 

He was married to Alice Foran from 1913 until they divorced in 1937. Then he was married to Violet Lane from 1939 until his death in 1982. He had five children.

Holloway died on 30 January 1982 in Littlehampton, England from an illness, aged 91. 

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Stanley Holloway pictures on Getty images
* Stanley Holloway monologue lyrics
* Stanley Holloway&nbsp;– The Co optimists video
* Stanley Holloway on British Pathe news
Condominium

.]]
A **condominium** (or **condo**) is a building complex containing a number of individually owned apartments with  facilities. In the United States and in Canada a condominium is a collection of apartment units, townhouses, garden homes or single homes that share common property together. In British Columbia condominiums are referred to as stratas. By owning a unit in a condominium, a person has access to the common facilities. The shared use of these facilities is legally guaranteed as part of the property; they share ownership of these areas. Such facilities may include hallways, a heating system, elevators, gardens, and recreational facilities.

## Other websites
Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou

**Geoffrey III of Anjou** (1040–1096), called *le Barbu* ("the Bearded"), was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou 1060-68.

## Early career 
Geoffrey III, born , was the oldest son of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou. Ermengarde-Blanche was the daughter of Fulk III of Anjou. Both he and his younger brother Fulk, called *le Réchin*, were raised at the court of their uncle, Geoffrey Martel. Both Geoffrey and Fulk were knighted by him in 1060. Geoffrey was well treated by his uncle but the count may have favored his younger nephew, Fulk. Nonetheless Geoffrey became his heir to succeed him as count of Anjou. Geoffrey III reigned as Count of Anjou until the countship was taken from him by his brother, Fulk.

## Count of Anjou 
He succeeded his uncle Geoffrey Martel in 1060, but it soon became clear to his vassals he was not a very good count. Geoffrey Martel left his younger brother, Fulk, Saintonge as an appanage. In 1062, when Saintonge was attacked by Count Guy-Geoffrey of Poitou, Geoffrey did nothing to help Fulk and Saintonge was lost. In 1063 the county of Maine was lost to Anjou as well. In 1065 Geoffrey angered Archbishop Barthelemy of Tours by trying to force his own choice for Bishop of Le Mans on the church. In turn the archbishop excommunicated Geoffrey. Geoffrey was finally freed by the intervention of Pope Urban II in 1096. But Geoffrey died soon after his release.

## Family 
Geoffrey married Julienne de Langeais before 1060. 

## Notes 
## References
American Swedish Institute

The **American Swedish Institute** (ASI) is a Swedish American museum and cultural center in the neighborhood  of Phillips West in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website
Division of Hotham

The **Division of Hotham** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1969 and is named for Sir Charles Hotham, Governor of Victoria 1854–55. It covers an area of 72 km2 in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. It includes Bentleigh East, Dingley Village, Moorabbin, and parts of Carnegie, Clarinda, Clayton, Clayton South, Cheltenham, Murrumbeena, Noble Park, Oakleigh, Oakleigh South, Springvale and Springvale South.  

## Members
Don Chipp was Minister in the Holt and Gorton Governments. He became unhappy with the Liberal Party and formed a new party called the Australian Democrats. Simon Crean, was Opposition Leader from 2001 until December 2003 and was in every Labor Cabinet or Shadow Cabinet from June 1991 to March 2013.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Hotham – Australian Electoral Commission
Division of Berowra

The **Division of Berowra** is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1969 and is named for the suburb of Berowra. It includes all or parts of the suburbs of Arcadia, Berowra, Brooklyn, Cheltenham, Cherrybrook, Cowan, Dangar Island, Galston, Glenorie, Maroota, Hornsby and Pennant Hills. He held a number of positions in the Howard Government including Minister for Immigration and Attorney-General. He retired at the 2016 election. Julian Leeser is a former lawyer who is currently writing the biography of former Australian Prime Minister, Sir William McMahon,

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Berowra – Australian Electoral Commission
* Phillip Ruddock's website
Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou

**Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou** (–1076), was a French noblewoman who was first Countess of Chateau-Landon and secondly Duchess of Burgundy. She is also called *Hermangarde* in some sources. Ermengarde-Blanch was the heiress of the countship of Anjou and is an ancestress of the House of Plantagenet. 

## Life 
Ermengarde-Blanche was the daughter of Count Fulk III of Anjou and Hildegarde. She was involved in two marriage alliances that greatly benefited her father and brother as counts of Anjou. She was first contracted to marry Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais, called *Ferréol*, who was also lord of Château-Landon. It was important marriage to return Château-Landon to the counts of Anjou. It took between twelve and eighteen months to arrange the marriage. Meanwhile Fulk paid a great deal of attention to Château-Landon. Originally a church dedicated to St. Mary, Hildegard was very active in its rebuilding into an abbey. Robert was the son of King Robert II of France. This was found in charts prepared at the monastery of Saint-Aubin at Angers between 1048 and 1052. The ancestral charts show how closely the Angevin and Capet families were related. Together they had a daughter:

*Hildegarde (&ndash;1104), who married Duke William VIII of Aquitaine

## Notes 
## References
Division of Indi

The **Division of Indi**  is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It is located in north-eastern Victoria. It is one of the largest divisions in Victoria. A lot of its area is in the Alpine National Park. It includes the cities of Wodonga, Wangaratta, and Benalla, and the smaller towns of Rutherglen, Mansfield, Beechworth, Bethanga, Myrtleford, Corryong, Tallangatta, Yea and Euroa.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Indi – Australian Electoral Commission
* Cathy McGowan's website
Castaways of the Flying Dutchman

***Castaways of the Flying Dutchman*** is the first book in the *Castaways of the Flying Dutchman* series written by Brian Jacques. It was published in 2001. It is based on the legend of the ghost ship the *Flying Dutchman*. A 13-year-old boy named Nebuchadnezzar (Neb for short, later he switches that backwards and becomes Ben), and his dog, Denmark (Den for short, later switched backwards to Ned), are the lone survivors of the *Flying Dutchman*. They have to wander the earth forever, and will stay forever young, helping those who need help.

The second book, ''The Angel's Command* was published in 2003. *Voyage of Slaves'' (the third and last book) was published in 2006.
Division of Melbourne

The **Division of Melbourne** is an Australian Electoral Division of Victoria. It was one of the first 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It includes the City of Melbourne and the suburbs of Abbotsford, Ascot Vale, Carlton, Clifton Hill, Colllingwood, Docklands, North Melbourne, West Melbourne, East Melbourne, Fitzroy, Fitzroy North, Flemington, Kensington, Parkville, Richmond, and parts of Brunswick and Brunswick East. It was named after the city of Melbourne, which was named in 1838 for Lord Melbourne, the British Prime Minister.

## Members
Arthur Calwell was the Leader of the Opposition. Lindsay Tanner was Minister for Finance and Deregulation in the first Rudd Government.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Melbourne – Australian Electoral Commission
* Adam Bandt's website
Rolv Wesenlund

**Rolv Helge Wesenlund** (17 September 1936 &ndash; 18 August 2013) was a Norwegian comedian, singer, clarinetist, writer, and actor. Wesenlund was most famous for having portrayed the title character in *Bør Børson*, *Bør Børson II*, and in the TV series *Fleksnes Fataliteter*.

Wesenlund was born on 17 September 1936 in Horten. His career began in 1964. Wesenlund died on 18 August 2013 in Oslo from heart failure, aged 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
**Livet er godt &mdash; og det må vi si fra om!*  &mdash; interview in the Norwegian magazine «Vi over 60»
*Biography about his role as H.C. Andersen&mdash;ambassador
Division of Bradfield

The **Division of Bradfield** is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1949 and is named for Dr John Bradfield, the designer of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

It includes the suburbs of St Ives Chase, St Ives, East Killara, East Lindfield, Roseville Chase,Roseville, Lindfield, West Lindfield, West Killara, West Pymble, South Turramurra, Thornleigh, Gordon, Lindfield, Pymble, Killara, Wahroonga, Waitara and Hornsby. 

## Members
Billy Hughes was a former Prime Minister of Australia and the last serving member of the first federal Parliament. Brendan Nelson was a minister in the third and fourth Howard Governments and the Leader of the Opposition from 2007 to 2008.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Bradfield – Australian Electoral Commission
* Paul Fletcher's website
Gabriel García Moreno

**Gabriel Gregorio Fernando José María García y Moreno y Morán de Buitrón** (December 24, 1821 &ndash; August 6, 1875) was an Ecuadorian politician who twice served as President of Ecuador (1859–65 and 1869–75) and was assassinated during his second term, after being elected to a third.

He is known for his conservatism, Catholic religious belief and being enemies with liberal strongman Eloy Alfaro. Under his administration, Ecuador became a leader in science and higher education within Latin America.

In addition to the advances in education and science, he was noted for economically and agriculturally advancing the country, as well as for his staunch opposition to corruption, even giving his own salary to charity.

Moreno was born on December 24, 1821 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married two times. The Liberals hated García Moreno; when he was elected a third time in 1875, it was considered to be his death warrant. He wrote immediately to Pope Pius IX asking for his blessing before inauguration day on August 30.

Moreno was assassinated exiting the Cathedral in Quito on August 6, 1875. He was struck down with knives and revolvers, his last words being: "¡Dios no muere!" ("God does not die!").  Faustino Rayo assaulted him with six or seven blows of a machete, while three others fired their revolvers.

Gabriel Garcia Moreno received Last Rites just before he died. Pope Pius IX declared that Gabriel Garcia Moreno *"died a victim for the Faith and Christian Charity for his beloved country."*

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the history of the country's presidents 
* Catholic Encyclopedia: *Gabriel Garcia Moreno*
* Christian Order: ''The Prophecy of Garcia Moreno's Presidency & Death''
José Joaquín de Olmedo

**José Joaquín de Olmedo y Maruri** (March 20, 1780 &ndash; February 19, 1847) was a patriot and poet. He was the son of the Spanish Captain Don Miguel de Olmedo y Troyano and the Guayaquilean Ana Francisca de Maruri y Salavarría.

Olmedo was born on March 20, 1780 in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

On October 9, 1820, Olmedo and others declared the city of Guayaquil independent from Spain. He was President of the *Free Province of Guayaquil* until it was united to *Gran Colombia* by Simón Bolívar against Olmedo's will. He was also twice mayor of Guayaquil.

He was Vice President of Ecuador from 1830 to 1831.

He was President of Ecuador from June 6, 1845, to December 8, 1845, surviving an attempted coup on June 18 of that year.

Olmedo died on February 19, 1847 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from complications of yellow fever. He was 66 years old.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
José María Urvina

**José María Mariano Segundo de Urvina y Viteri** (19 March 1808 &ndash; 4 September 1891) was President of Ecuador from 13 July 1851 to 16 October 1856. He was born in Quillon (Pillaro- Tungurahua) on 19 March 1808.

José María Urvina pursued his primary education in the village of his birth. He then attended the Navy School in Guayaquil. He was notorious among his classmates from whom he obtained friendship and consideration.

Urvina died on 4 September 1891 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from natural causes. He was 83 years old.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
* http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com
Division of Isaacs

The **Division of Isaacs** is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It covers the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, on the eastern shores of Port Phillip Bay. It includes Mordialloc, Keysborough, Waterways, Noble Park, Chelsea, Aspendale, Edithvale, Bonbeach, Patterson Lakes and Carrum.

The Division was named after Sir Isaac Isaacs, former Chief Justice of Australia and the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia. It was set up for the 1969 federal election. 

The former Division of Isaacs (1949–69) covered the inner south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, and was not related to this Division except in name.

## Members
Mark Dreyfus is Attorney-General of Australia, Minister for the Public Service and Integrity, Minister for Emergency Management, and Special Minister of State in the Rudd Government.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Isaacs – Australian Electoral Commission
* Mark Dreyfus's website
Francisco Robles

**Francisco Robles García** (May 5, 1811 &ndash; March 2, 1893) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was President of Ecuador from October 16, 1856, to September 17, 1859.

Robles was born on May 5, 1811, in Guayaquil, Royal Audience of Quito, Ecuador. He was married to Carmen Santistevan Avilés. Robles died on March 2, 1893, in Guayaquil, Ecuador from heart failure, aged 81.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Pedro José de Arteta

**Pedro José de Arteta y Calisto** (1797 &ndash; 24 August 1873) was Vice President of Ecuador from 1865 to 1869 and served briefly as President from 6 November 1867 to 20 January 1868. He was the brother of Nicolás Joaquín de Arteta y Calisto, first Archbishop of Quito. He was a Conservative.

Arteta was born in 1787 in Quito, Ecuador. He died from a heart attack in his home in Quito, Ecuador, aged 66. 

## References
Vicente Rocafuerte

**Vicente Rocafuerte y Bejarano** (May 1, 1783 &ndash; May 16, 1847) was an influential figure in Ecuadorian politics. He served as President of Ecuador from September 10, 1834 to January 31, 1839.

Rocafuerte was born into an aristocratic family in Guayaquil, Ecuador on May 1, 1783. During his youth, was sent to Madrid to finish his education. He returned to Ecuador in 1807. Rocafuerte died on May 16, 1847 in Lima, Peru from complications of a fever. He was 64 years old.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Television movie

**Television movies** (also called TV films/**television films**/**TV movies**/**telefilms**, **telemovies**/**made-for-television films**/**direct-to-TV films**/**movie of the weeks**/**feature-length dramas**/**single dramas**/**original movies/TV specials/made-for-TV-specials/original films/television specials/feature-length TV movies/full-length movies/feature-length television movies/television special premieres/television movie premieres/special premieres/television premieres/made-for-original TV films**) is a movie that is made for and first shown on a television network. Unlike theatrical movies, which are first seen in movie theaters, television movies are first seen on television. Some are first shown on television in one country, and in theaters in other countries. 

One of the most well-known television movies is *The Day After*, which was seen by over 100 million people when it was first shown on ABC on November 20, 1983.

## References
Vicente Ramón Roca

**Vicente Ramón Roca Rodríguez** (2 September 1792 &ndash; 23 February 1858) was President of Ecuador from 8 December 1845 to 15 October 1849. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He led the revolution that overthrew Juan José Flores, along with José Joaquín de Olmedo and Diego Noboa. He ruled under the Constitution of 1845.

Roca was born on 2 September 1792 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married to Juana Andrade. Roca died on 23 February 1858 from complications of pneumonia, aged 65.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Juan Javier Espinosa

**Juan Javier Espinosa** (1815 &ndash; 4 September 1870) was President of Ecuador, from 20 January 1868 to 19 January 1869. He succeed Pedro José de Arteta as President of Ecuador. Gabriel García Moreno would soon succeed Espinosa as President. 

Espinosa died on 4 September 1870 in Quito, Ecuador from a heart attack, aged 55.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Diego Noboa

**Diego de Noboa y Arteta** (April 15, 1789 &ndash; November 3, 1870) was President of Ecuador from December 8, 1850 to February 26, 1851 (interim) and February 26, 1851 to July 17, 1851.

Noboa was born on April 15, 1789 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He died on November 3, 1870 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from pneumonia, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country president's history
Jerónimo Carrión

**Jerónimo Carrión y Palacio** (1804 &ndash; 5 May 1873) was President of Ecuador between 7 September 1865 and 6 November 1867. He also served as Vice President of Ecuador and led a brief rebellion in 1859.

He was a member of the Ecuadorian Conservative Party.

Carrión died on 5 May 1873 in Quito, Ecuador from pneumonia, aged 69.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Manuel de Ascásubi

**Manuel de Ascázubi y Matheu** (1802 &ndash; December 25, 1876) served as Vice President of Ecuador from 1847 to 1851 and in that capacity he was also acting President from 10 October 1849 to 10 June 1850.

Ascásubi was born in 1802 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He died on December 25, 1876 in Quito, Ecuador from a heart attack. He was 74 years old.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
* http://www.euskalnet.net/laviana/gen_bascas/ascasubi.htm 
* http://www.vicepresidencia.gov.ec/lavicepresidencia/historia/vicepresidentes-en-la-historia
Francisco León Franco

**Francisco Javier León Franco** (13 October 1832 &ndash; 10 August 1880) was Vice President of Ecuador in the administration of Gabriel García Moreno from 1869 to 1875, and acting President of Ecuador 6 August 1875 to 6 October 1875.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Antonio Borrero

**Antonio María Vicente Narciso Borrero y Cortázar** (29 October 1827 – 9 October 1911) was Vice President of Ecuador from 1863 to 1864 and President from 9 December 1875 to 18 December 1876.

Borrero was born in Cuenca, Ecuador on 29 October 1827. He died on 9 October 1911 in Quito, Ecuador from natural causes, aged 83.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
José Javier Eguiguren

**José Javier Eguiguren Ríofrío** (3 December 1816 &ndash; 1884) was acting President of Ecuador from 6 October 1875 to 9 December 1875.

Eguiguren was born in 3 December 1816 in Ibarra, Ecuador. He died in 1884 in Quito, Ecuador.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Ignacio de Veintemilla

**Mario Ignacio Francisco Tomás Antonio de Veintimilla y Villacís** (31 July 1828 &ndash; 19 July 1908) was President of Ecuador 8 September 1876 to 10 January 1883.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Otto Arosemena

**Otto Arosemena Gómez** (19 July 1925 &ndash; 20 April 1984) was President of Ecuador, November 16, 1966 to September 1, 1968.

His government, though short, greatly increased Ecuador's development and ensured the consolidation of democracy. In accordance with the law, he called presidential elections, and Velasco Ibarra won for his fifth and final time. Arosemena finished his term on August 31, 1968.

In 1965, when the country was facing one of its worst political, social, and economic crises—a result of dictatorial misrule—he founded a new political party in Quito called the Democratic Institutionalist Coalition (Coalición Institucionalista Demócrata, CID).

One year later, he was elected Deputy of the Constituent Assembly held by "President" Yerovi Indaburu. The Constituent Assembly elected Arosemena President of Ecuador on November 16, 1966.

Arosemena's political adversaries later attacked his policies, particularly with respect to oil policy. He responded by writing the book Infamy and Truth (Infamia y verdad), in which he addresses his administration's oil policy.

Arosemena was born on 19 July 1925 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He studied at University of Guayaquil. Arosemena died on 20 April 1984 in Salinas, Ecuador from complications of a fall, aged 58.
Jaime Roldós Aguilera

**Jaime Roldós Aguilera** (November 5, 1940 – May 24, 1981) was President of Ecuador from 10 August 1979 until his death on 24 May 1981. In his short tenure, he became known for his firm stance on human rights. 

Roldós was born in Guayaquil on November 5, 1940. He attended high school at the Vicente Rocafuerte National School. He studied law and social sciences at the University of Guayaquil. He was an excellent student and won many awards, medals and scholarships.

At the age of 37, he ran for president on a populist platform. In the first round, he received the greatest number of votes, but not the 50% plus one needed to avoid a runoff. He won the second round of elections against Sixto Durán Ballén, and assumed office on August 10, 1979.

He was married to Martha Bucaram until his death in 1981. 

On May 24, 1981, a plane carrying the President, Minister of Defense, assistants and their spouses crashed into the Huairapungo Mountain, in Celica Canton of Loja Province. The crash left no survivors: killed along with the president were First Lady Martha Bucaram, Minister of Defense Marco Subía Martínez and his wife, as well as two aides-de-camp and three other passengers.

## References
Clemente Yerovi

**Clemente Yerovi Indaburu** (August 10, 1904 &ndash; July 19, 1981) was a politician and the interim president of Ecuador from March 30, 1966, to November 16, 1966.

Yerovi was born in Barcelona, Spain, where his parents Clemente Yerovi Matheus and María Indaburu Seminario lived temporarily as consul general of Ecuador. 

Yerovi studied at Vicente Rocafuerte High School in Guayaquil, and then at San Gabriel High School in Quito. He married Victoria Gómez Ycaza and had four children. Yerovi died on July 19, 1981 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from heart failure, aged 76.

Between 1948 and 1950, Yerovi served as Minister of Economy in the government of President Galo Plaza Lasso, who, after an extended era of political instability in the country, made it a priority to increase Ecuador’s agricultural production.

## References
Osvaldo Hurtado

**Luis Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea** (born June 26, 1939) is an Ecuadorian author and politician. He served as President of Ecuador from 1981 to 1984.

Hurtado was born on June 26, 1939 in Chambo, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. He was married to Margarita Pérez. Hurtado studied at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.

## References
## Other websites
* Short Curriculum at EcuadorOnline
The Day After

***The Day After*** is an American television movie. It was first shown on ABC on November 20, 1983. Over 100 million people watched the movie when it was first shown. When it was first shown, it caused a lot of controversy and discussion due to what it was about and what it showed.

The movie is about a fictional nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union. It follows several citizens and the people they see after a nuclear attack on Lawrence, Kansas and Kansas City, Missouri.

## References
## Other websites
*
Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy

**Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy** (24 August 1919 – 5 March 2004) served as Vice President of Ecuador and due to the ousting of President José María Velasco Ibarra, became President of Ecuador from 7 November 1961 to 11 July 1963.

He was born in Guayaquill on 24 August 1919. He was the son Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, also former president of Ecuador and Laura Monroy Garaycoa.

Arosemena disgraced himself by getting drunk at a banquet Wednesday night in honor of the president of the Grace Lines, retired U.S. Adm. Wilfred McNeil. Guests at the reception said the president shouted abuse at U.S. Ambassador Maurice Bernbaum, vomited in front of the gathering and committed 'even more indecorous acts.

Arosemena died on 5 March 2004 from natural causes, aged Guayaquil, Ecuador.

## References
Camilo Ponce Enríquez

**Camilo Ponce Enríquez** (January 31, 1912 &ndash; September 13, 1976) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He served as the president of Ecuador between 1956 and 1960. He was married to María de las Mercedes de Gangotena Jijón.

In 1951 Camilo Ponce, along with Sixto Durán Ballén founded the Movimiento Social Cristiano (MSC), which later became the Partido Social Cristiano (PSC). In 1956 Ponce won the presidential elections and named Durán Ballén minister of public works.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country's Presidents in History
Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola

**Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola** (12 April 1888 &ndash; 20 February 1952) was President of Ecuador 15 September 1947 to 1 September 1948. He was also the father of future president Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy.

Tola was born on 12 April 1888 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He died from a stroke he had several months before on 20 February 1952 in Quito, Ecuador, aged 63.
Mariano Suárez

**Mariano Suárez Veintimilla** (8 June 1897 – 23 October 1980) was Ecuadorian politician.

He served as Velasco's Vice President from 1946 until he was ousted in 1947 by Carlos Mancheno Cajas. Soon Mancheno was ousted and Suárez served briefly as President of Ecuador from 2 September 1947 to 15 September 1947.

Veintimilla died on 23 October 1980 in Quito, Ecuador from natural causes, aged 83.
Carlos Mancheno Cajas

**Carlos Mancheno** **Cajas **(October 9, 1902 – October 11, 1996) was President of Ecuador from 23 August 1947 to 2 September 1947. 

Mancheno assumed control after a coup d'état he led that deposed President José María Velasco. Velasco left the country, returning later both to Ecuador and the to presidency. Mancheno himself was removed only ten days after taking control, and Velasco's vice-president, Mariano Suárez Veintimilla, assumed the presidency.

Mancheno died on October 11, 1996 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from natural causes, aged 94.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
*http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Ecuador.html
Division of Calare

The **Division of Calare** is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was set up for the 1906 election and is the local Indigenous Australian name for the Lachlan River, which runs through the western part of the division. (The name should be pronounced Kal-*ah*-ree, but the pronunciation Kul-*air* is used.)

The division includes the towns of Bathurst, Blayney, Canowindra, Eugowra, Forbes, Lithgow, Molong, Oberon, Orange, Parkes, Peak Hill, Portland, Wallerawang and Yeoval. John Cobb had previously held the seat of Parkes. He was Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs and Minister for Community Services in the Howard Government.

## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Calare – Australian Electoral Commission
* John Cobb's website
Division of Charlton

The **Division of Charlton** was an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1984 and was named for Matthew Charlton, leader of the Australian Labor Party 1922–28. It covered the Hunter Region area of New South Wales. It included the towns of Cardiff, Wallsend, Toronto, Morisset, Cooranbong, Glendale and Warners Bay. The area of Hunter was moved eastward and took over Charlton's former area.

## Members
Greg Combet had been Secretary of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). He was Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency in the Gillard Government. In the 2013 election, the Liberal Party candidate, Kevin Baker, resigned after being involved with an offensive website. This happened after nominations closed, so the Liberal Party could not select a new candidate and Baker's name was still on the ballot papers.

## Election results
* 2004 election results
* 2007 election results
* 2010 election results
* 2013 election results 

## References
## Other websites
* Division of Charlton – Australian Electoral Commission
* Pat Conroy's website
Cortex

**Cortex** is a word that comes from Latin language, and that is usually translated as *shell* or *bark*. The term is used for different concepts: 
*Cortex (botany), the outer layer of a stem or bark.
*Cortex (archaeology), the outer layer of rock
*Cell cortex, directly below the cell membrane
*Cortex (anatomy), the outermost layer of an organ
**Renal cortex, the outermost layer of the kidney
**Adrenal cortex, the outermost layer of the adrenal gland
*Cerebral cortex, a region of the brain
Mongolian Wikipedia

**Mongolian Wikipedia** () is a free and publicly changeable online encyclopedia in the Mongolian language. It started on 28 February 2004.

As of , the Mongolian Wikipedia has  articles,  registered users, and  active users in the last 30 days.

## Growth, coverage and popularity 
* 17 November 2011 – 6900 articles
* 29 May 2012 – 7593 articles
* 29 May 2012 –  changes

## References 

## Other websites 
* Mongolian Wikipedia
* Wikipedia Statistics Mongolian&nbsp;— Монгол Википедиатай холбоотой бүх статистик мэдээлэл
Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río

**Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río** (27 November 1893 &ndash; 31 October 1969) was President of Ecuador from 1940 - 1944. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party. During his term, the country lost the 1941 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War. After trying to set up a police state, he was forced out of office by a popular uprising.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Julio Enrique Moreno

**Julio Enrique Moreno** (20 October 1879 &ndash; 2 April 1952) was Acting President of Ecuador from March to April 1926 and again from August to September 1940. He was succeed by Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río.

## Other websites
* Official Website about President's History of the Ecuadorian Government
Manuel María Borrero

**Manuel María Borrero** (10 May 1883 – 7 June 1975) was President of Ecuador from August 10, 1938 through December 1, 1938.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Federico Páez

**Federico Páez Chiriboga** (4 June 1877 &ndash; 9 February 1974) was President of Ecuador from September 26, 1935 through October 23, 1937.

He died on 9 February 1974 in Quito, Ecuador from natural causes. He was 96 years old.

## References
Antonio Pons

**Antonio Pons Campuzano** (November 10, 1897 &ndash; January 1980) was acting President of Ecuador from August to September 1935.

Pons died in January 1980 from pneumonia, aged 82.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Abelardo Montalvo

**Abelardo Montalvo** (1876 &ndash; 1950) was the acting President of Ecuador from October 1933 to August 1934.

Montalvo received a Juris Doctor from the University of Quito. Montalvo was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party for which he became a deputy and later senator for Pichincha Province.

Montalvo became president when his predecessor Juan de Dios Martínez Mera was elected president but faced a congress not willing to deal with him. The congress asked Martínez Mera twice to resign, but he refused. The congress then censored the ministers chosen by Martínez Mera, one of which was Abelardo Montalvo. Martínez proceeded to select some new ministers to outmaneuver the congress.

The Chamber of Deputies then accused Martínez Mera of attempting to overthrow the government and institute a dictatorship. The Senate subsequently impeached Martínez and named his Minister of Interior, Abelardo Montalvo, acting president. Montalvo stayed on as acting president until José María Velasco Ibarra was elected.

## References
Alberto Enríquez Gallo

**Gil Alberto Enríquez Gallo** (24 July 1895 &ndash; 13 July 1962) was President of Ecuador 1937&ndash;1938.

Enriquez was a general in the Ecuadorian army and served as Minister of National Defense in the government of Federico Páez.  In September 1937, he overthrew Páez in a military coup.  Although he ruled for less than a year, Enríquez achieved note as a social reformer by his promulgation of the Labor Code of 1938.

## Other websites
* President's History
Alberto Guerrero Martínez

**Alberto Guerrero Martínez** (28 June 1884 &ndash; 21 May 1941) was acting President of Ecuador in 1932.

## Other websites
* Encyclopedia of Ecuador
Carlos Freile Larrea

**Carlos Freile Larrea** (1876 &ndash; 23 April 1942) was acting President of Ecuador from 27 August 1932 to 2 September 1932.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Aurelio Mosquera

**Don Aurelio Mosquera Narváez** (2 August 1883 &ndash; 17 November 1939) was an Ecuadorian politician, who was the President of Ecuador from December 1938 to November 1939.

Mosquera was born in Quito. He studied medicine in Quito, then went to Paris to carry in with his education.

In 1938, after the removal of Manuel María Borrero, he was named President of Ecuador. During his short time as president, with the support of the army, he dissolved the National Assembly and reestablished the Constitution of 1906, known for its secularity.

His term as president ended when he died on November 17, 1939 in Quito from a heart attack, aged 56.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Juan de Dios Martínez

**Juan de Dios Martínez Mera** (9 March 1875 &ndash; 27 October 1955) was President of Ecuador from 1932 to 1933.

In Quito, a main avenue is named after him.

## Other websites
* Biography of President Juan de Dios Martínez Mera  
* Enciclopedia del Ecuador por Efrén Avilés Pino
Isidro Ayora

**Isidro Ayora Cueva** (August 31, 1879 – March 22, 1978) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He was the President of Ecuador from 1926 to 1931. Isidro Ayora, a town in Guayas, and Puerto Ayora, are named after him. Some people name coins *ayora* because this were introduced by him.

## Other websites
* Ecuador online - Dr. Isidro Ayora Cueva  
* Pérez Pimentel, Rodolfo – Diccionario Enciclopédico de Ecuador - Isidro Ayora Cueva  
* Biografías y vidas - Isidro Ayora 

## References
Gonzalo Córdova

**Gonzalo Segundo Córdova y Rivera** (July 15, 1863 &ndash; April 13, 1928) was President of Ecuador from 1924-1925. Like his immediate predecessors in the Liberal Party, he was considered to be a pawn of "La Argolla"  ring"), a plutocracy of coastal agricultural and banking interests whose linchpin was the Commercial and Agricultural Bank of Guayaquil led by Francisco Urbina Jado.

## Other websites
* [Library of Congress country studies, Ecuador](http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ec0020))
* List of leaders of Ecuador at worldstatesmen.org
Alfredo Baquerizo

**Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno** (28 September 1859, in Guayaquil – 20 March 1951) was an Ecuadorian politician. He served as Vice President of Ecuador of Leónidas Plaza and Lizardo García from 1903 to 1906 and as President of Ecuador three times in August - September 1912, September 1916 – August 1920 and October 1931 - August 1932. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Andrés Córdova

**Andrés Fernández de Córdova Nieto** (28 May 1892 &ndash; 3 October 1983) was President of Ecuador from December 1939 to August 1940. He later ran as a presidential candidate in 1968.

## References
*Ben Cahoon. Ecuador *WorldStatesman.org*
*Rulers.org
Harmonic analysis

**Harmonic analysis** is a branch of mathematics that looks at the theoretical foundations of digital signal processing. A continuous signal can be drawn as a wave, or as a combination of several waves. Fourier transforms and Fourier series are among the main tools used for signal analysis. Today, this field has many uses, which also include quantum mechanics and neuroscience. 

In essence, harmonic analysis looks at locally compact groups. The Lebesgue measure is a way to assign a measurement to a subset of the Euclidean space. For real numbers there is the Haar measure, which can perform this task. This measure allows to use Fourier analysis to model the groups and their properties. 

The term *harmonics* is also related to Eigenvalues, in the case where the frequency of one wave is an integer multiple of the frequency of another wave. This is the case of the harmonics that are used for musical notes. Later the term was generalized.
Fulk IV, Count of Anjou

**Fulk IV** (1043–1109), called ***le Réchin***, was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 1068 until he was deposed in 1096. He rebelled against his older brother Geoffrey III and took the countship of Anjou by force.

## Early career 
Fulk, born 1043, was the younger son of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou. Ermengarde-Blanche was a daughter of Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, When Geoffrey Martel died without direct heirs he left Anjou to his nephew Geoffrey III, Fulk le Réchin's older brother. Geoffrey III was not an effective count. In 1062 Geoffrey failed to defend Saintonge and it was lost. In 1063 the county of Maine was lost to Anjou.

## Count of Anjou 
Fulk had enough and took the countship of Anjou by force. He fought with his brother and captured him in 1067. Under pressure from the Church he released Geoffrey. The two brothers started fighting again. This time Geoffrey was imprisoned for the rest of his life. Substantial territory was lost to Angevin control because of Geoffrey's poor rule and the civil war that followed. Fulk was forced to give the Gâtinais to Philip I of France the king. Fulk spent the rest of his reign as count trying to regain control of his barons and all the lost lands. He also struggled with Normandy trying to regain control in Maine and Brittany.

## Author of the *History of Anjou*
In 1096 Fulk wrote a history of Anjou and its rulers titled *Fragmentum historiae Andegavensis* or "History of Anjou."  Only the first part of the history still exists. It describes Fulk's ancestry. The second part was thought to cover Fulk's own rule. This part has not been found. If he did write it, it is one of the first medieval works of history written by a layman.

## Family 
;Fulk appears to have been married as many as five times.

His first wife was Hildegarde of Beaugency. Together they had a daughter:

* Ermengarde, who married firstly William IX, count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine. She married secondly Alan IV, Duke of Brittany.

Fulk then married Ermengarde of Bourbon in 1070. Together they had a son:

* Geoffrey IV "Martel", Count of Anjou. He ruled jointly with his father for some time, but died in 1106. 

 he married Orengarde de Châtellailon.
 
He next married an unnamed daughter of Walter I of Brienne. This marriage also ended in divorce, in 1087. they had no children.  

In 1089 he married Bertrade de Montfort. They had a son: 

* Fulk V "le June", Count of Anjou and King of Jerusalem.

## Notes
## References
Carlos Freile Zaldumbide

**Carlos Freile Zaldumbide** (May 18, 1851 &ndash; August 28, 1928) was an Ecuadorian politician, who served twice as acting President of Ecuador and one term as Vice President of Ecuador.

A wealthy landowner that pioneered Holstein livestock raising in Ecuador.

He was the acting President from 12 August 1911 to 1 September 1911 (a reign lasting just 21 days).  He took the role on a temporary basis when Eloy Alfaro, who had been President for over 4 years, was overthrown and went to exile. Freile was replaced by the already elected President Emilio Estrada, whose mandate lasted just three months before his death on 21 December 1911.

Carlos Freile then served once again as acting president, this time from 22 December 1911 to 6 March 1912.  He was again acting president during a crisis and was succeeded by Francisco Andrade Marín.

## Other websites
* Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Emilio Estrada

**Emilio Estrada Carmona** (May 28, 1855 &ndash; December 21, 1911) was President of Ecuador September 1 through December 21, 1911. 

He died in office from complications of heart failure on December 21, 1911 in Quito, Ecuador, aged 56.

## Other websites
* Emilio Estrada C.  at estrada.bz
* Enciclopedia del Ecuador por Efrén Avilés Pino
Leónidas Plaza

**Leónidas Plaza Gutiérrez** (April 19, 1865 – November 17, 1932) was president of Ecuador for two separate occasions: From September 1, 1901 to August 31, 1905 and from September 1, 1912 to August 31, 1916.

He was the son of José Buenaventura Plaza, a school teacher and, Alegría Gutiérrez de Caviedes Sevillano,  an attractive tall woman with arostocratic features and exquisite social manners of Colombian descent. He married María Avelina Lasso Ascázubi, with whom he had eight children. One of them, Galo Plaza, was also president of Ecuador.

## Other websites
* Rodolfo Pérez Pimentel, *Diccionario biográfico del Ecuador*, Guayaquil, 1987. Sin ISBN.