open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Peat swamp forest

**Peat swamp forests** are forest wetlands in tropical and subtropical areas. They have poor drainage. Waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from decomposing fully. Over time, this creates a thick layer of acidic peat. They are made up of trees which are broadleaved (not conifers), and many other types of flowering plants. 

Peat swamp forests are usually surrounded by lowland rain forests on better-drained soils. There may be brackish or salt-water mangrove forests near the coast. 

These tropical swamp forests are quite different from the north temperate peat bogs in climates such as in Ireland. Temperate peat bogs are not caused by forests, but mostly by mosses such as *Sphagnum*, grasses, sedges and shrubs.

## Ecology
About 62% of the world’s tropical peat lands are in southeast Asia. In this area 80% is in Indonesia, 11% in Malaysia, 6% in Papua New Guinea, with pockets in Brunei, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Thailand. They have trees up to 70 m high. The spongy, unstable, waterlogged, anaerobic beds of peat can be up to 20 m deep with low pH (pH 2.9 – 4) and low nutrients. The forest floor is seasonally flooded. The water is stained dark brown by the tannins that leach from the fallen leaves and peat – hence the name ‘blackwater swamps'. During the dry season, the peat remains waterlogged, and pools lie among the trees.

Tropical peatlands coexist with swamp forests in these tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests. In this biome vast amounts of carbon as soil organic matter store up – much more than natural forests contain. They are among the largest near-surface reserves of terrestrial organic carbon. Unfortunately, regardless of their importance, peat swamp forests are one of the most threatened, yet least studied and most poorly understood biotypes.

## Draining and logging 
Large areas of these forests are being logged at high rates.
Since the 1970s, peat swamp forest deforestation and drainage have increased greatly. In addition, El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drought and large-scale fires are accelerating peatland devastation. This destruction increases the carbon release to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Tropical peatlands have already become a large CO2 source, but data is limited.

Tropical peat swamp forests are home to thousands of animals and plants, including many rare and critically endangered species such as the orangutan and Sumatran tiger, whose habitats are threatened by peatland deforestation.

## References
John Paul Hammerschmidt

**John Paul Hammerschmidt** (May 4, 1922 &ndash; April 1, 2015) was an American politician from the state of Arkansas. A Republican, Hammerschmidt served for 13 terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from the northwestern Arkansas district before he retired in 1993. 

Hammerschmidt was born in Harrison, Arkansas. He studied at the University of Arkansas.

In 1974, a nationally Democratic year, he secured his fifth term by defeating the then 28-year-old future President Bill Clinton. 

He was also the first Republican elected to the House of Representatives from Arkansas since Reconstruction.

Hammerschmidt died at a hospital in Springdale, Arkansas from heart and respiratory failure, aged 92. 

## References
## Other websites
Steve Stevaert

**Steve Stevaert** (; born **Robert Stevaert** ; April 12, 1954 – April 2, 2015) was a Belgian politician of the Flemish Socialist Party: the SP.A.

Stevaert was in 1995 also elected to the Flemish parliament and was re-elected in 1999 and 2004. Stevaert served as Flemish minister of Public Works, Transport and Spatial planning from 1998 to 1999 and as Flemish minister of Mobility, Transport and Public Works from 1999 to 2003, when he resigned having become chairman of his party, succeeding Patrick Janssens. He was chairman from 2003 until he resigned on May 25, 2005.

In early April 2015 allegations of rape were made public in the Belgian media. Subsequently, on April 2, 2015, the public prosecutor of Hasselt confirmed that Stevaert had gone missing. Later that day, around 18:00 local time (CEST) divers found his body in the Albert Canal near Hasselt.

## References
## Other websites
* Short biography of Stevaert at the website of the Flemish Parliament
Camilo José Cela

**Camilo José Cela y Trulock, 1st Marquis of Iria Flavia** (; 11 May 1916 – 17 January 2002) was a Spanish novelist, short story writer and essayist. He worked with the Generation of '36 movement.

He was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Literature "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability".

Cela died in Madrid, Spain from heart disease, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Camilo José Cela Foundation 
* 
* BBC obituary
* Biography of Camilo José Cela 
* Photos
* The Nobel Foundation has a site on him, including speeches, biography and bibliography.
* Genealogy of Cela Family
Dentin

**Dentin** or **dentine** is calcified tissue that makes up the second layer of teeth. In the crown (top) of a tooth, dentin is found between enamel and pulp. In the root of a tooth, it is found between cementum and pulp. Dentin makes up most of a tooth. Dentin is yellow. The yellowness of dentin shows through in a tooth because enamel is semi-translucent.

## Composition 
Dentin is made up of
* 70% hydroxylapatite (a mineral found in teeth and bones)
* 20% organic matter (matter that comes from living things)
* 10% water

## Development 
The process of creating dentin is called **dentinogenesis**. It is made by odontoblasts, a special type of cell that activates later during  of teeth. Unlike enamel, a tooth can keep making more dentin throughout life.

## Types 
Dentin is divided into different types based on when it is made.

### Primary dentin 
Primary dentin makes up most of the tooth. It is the thick bulk between enamel and pulp. Primary dentin is the type of dentin a tooth starts out with. It can also be called circumpulpal (surrounding the pulp) dentin. Mantle dentin is a separate, harder but thinner layer that separates primary dentin from the tooth crown.

### Secondary dentin 
Secondary dentin is made after a tooth has already appeared in the mouth. This type of dentin is made throughout life. Newly made dentin is found placed very close to the pulp. It is found between pulp and primary dentin.

### Tertiary dentin 
Unlike secondary dentin, tertiary (third in order) dentin is not made continuously throughout life. Tertiary dentine is only made when the tooth is d.

## Related pages 
* Dentition
* Dental caries

## References
Jacques Rivette

**Jacques Rivette** (; 1 March 1928 &ndash; 29 January 2016) was a French movie director, screenwriter and movie critic. His best-known movies include *Celine and Julie Go Boating*, *La Belle Noiseuse* and the rare thirteen-hour *Out 1*. He was one of the main member of French cinema magazine Cahiers du Cinema.

Rivette died at his home in Paris, France from complications of Alzheimer's disease on 29 January 2016 at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*jacques-rivette.com- a website devoted to Rivette's film and journalism careers 
*Biography on newwavefilm.com
*sensesofcinema.com Great Directors article
*Jonathan Rosenbaum: Jacques Rivette &#91;chapter from FILM: THE FRONT LINE 1983&#93; 
* Edition de « De l'abjection » (1961) par Jacques Rivette, sur le site d'analyse L'oBservatoire (simple appareil).
Gal Costa

**Gal Maria da Graça Costa Penna Burgos** (born **Maria da Graça Costa Penna Burgos**; 26 September 1965 – 9 November 2002), known professionally as **Gal Costa** (), is a Brazilian singer. She usually does pop music. She began her professional career in August 1984. Her first album, *Domingo*, was released in 1996. In 1993, the cover of her record *Ìndia* was censored.

Costa was born in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Gal was bisexual. She was enamoured of Marina Lima in the 2000s.

Gal died in São Paulo on 9 November 2002, at the age of 57.  She was recovering from an extraction of a nodule of her nasal cavity and had canceled her show at the Primavera Sound. 

## References
Phyllis Coates

**Phyllis Coates** (born **Gypsie Ann Evarts Stell** on January 15, 1927; October 11, 2023) is an American movie and television actress. She is perhaps best known for her portrayal of reporter Lois Lane in the 1951 movie *Superman and the Mole Men* and in the first season of the television series *Adventures of Superman*.

## Other websites
*
Helen Delich Bentley

**Helen Delich Bentley** (November 28, 1923 &ndash; August 6, 2016) was an American politician. She was a Republican. Bentley was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland. She served as a representatives from 1985 to 1995.

Bentley was born in  Ruth, Nevada. She was of Serbian descent. She studied at the University of Nevada and George Washington University, and earned a BA from the University of Missouri in 1944.

## References
## Other websites
*A Few Good Women... The Honorable Helen Delich Bentley
Rajiv Gandhi

**Rajiv Ratna Gandhi** (; 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was the seventh Prime Minister of India. He served as prime minister from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 murder of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, his mother. He became the youngest Indian prime minister.

Gandhi remained Congress President until the elections in 1991. While campaigning for the elections, he was murdered by a suicide bomber. He was 46 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* Profile at PMO website
Cementum

**Cementum** is the hard   of a tooth root. It is not present in the crown (part above the gums) portion of a tooth. Cementum allows periodontal ligaments to attach onto it, allowing tooth to be connected to the maxilla or mandible.

## Composition 
Cementum is made up of
* 45% to 50% hydroxyapatite It is made by special type of cells known as cementoblasts. The term *acellular* means that it does not have any cells in it. It can be found on the surface of the entire tooth root. It allows the tooth to anchor to the maxilla or mandible. Since acellular cementum does not have any cells, it cannot make any new cementum.
***Cellular cementum**. Unlike acellular cementum, cellular cementum contains cells. It can be found on the lower third of a tooth root. Since cellular cementum contains cells in it, it is able to make more cementum and repair damages. Cellular cementum is less hard than acellular cementum.

## References
Pillsbury Doughboy

'''Poppin' Fresh**, more widely known as the **Pillsbury Doughboy''', is an advertising icon and mascot of the Pillsbury Company, appearing in many of their commercials. Many commercials from 1965 until 2004 (returned in 2009 to 2011 and 2013 in a Geico Commercial) conclude with a human finger poking the Doughboy's stomach. 

The Doughboy responds by rubbing his stomach and giggling (*Hoo-Hoo*!, or earlier on, a slight giggle "hee hee"). 

## Other websites
* Character's official site
Taylor County

**Taylor County** is the name of seven counties in the United States::
* Taylor County, Florida
* Taylor County, Georgia
* Taylor County, Iowa
* Taylor County, Kentucky
* Taylor County, Texas
* Taylor County, West Virginia
* Taylor County, Wisconsin
Doug Sax

**Doug Lionel Sax** (April 26, 1936 &ndash; April 2, 2015) was an American mastering engineer from Los Angeles, California. He helped create three of The Doors' albums, including their 1967 debut; six of Pink Floyd's albums, including *The Wall*; Ray Charles' multiple-Grammy winner *Genius Loves Company* in 2004, and Bob Dylan's 36th studio album *Shadows in the Night* in 2015.  

Sax died on April 2, 2015, at the age of 78 from cancer in Los Angeles.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jones County

**Jones County** is the name of six counties in the United States:

* Jones County, Georgia 
* Jones County, Iowa 
* Jones County, Mississippi 
* Jones County, North Carolina 
* Jones County, South Dakota 
* Jones County, Texas
Abdelhadi Tazi

**Abdelhadi Tazi** (June 15, 1921 &ndash; April 2, 2015) was a Moroccan scholar, writer, historian and former Moroccan ambassador in many countries. He has worked with the Nationalist Movement. He has experienced exile and prison during his career.

Tazi was born in Fes, Morocco. He died in Rabat, Morocco, aged 94.

## Related pages
*List of historians by continent

## References
Michel Piccoli

]]
**Michel Piccoli** (27 December 1925 &ndash; 12 May 2020) was a French actor, director, singer, musician, and screenwriter. He was known for his roles in *Belle de Jour*, *Atlantic City*, *La Belle Noiseuse*, and in *We Have a Pope*. Piccoli was born in Paris, France.

Piccoli died on 12 May 2020 in Cannes of a stroke, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Lance-Corporal Jones

**Lance Corporal Jack Jones** is a fictional Home Guard platoon lance-corporal, veteran of the British Empire and butcher. 

He was played by Clive Dunn in the BBC television sitcom ''Dad's Army* and by Tom Courtenay in the upcoming 2015 movie *Dad's Army''. His catchphrases are "Don't panic!", "Permission to speak, sir?" and "They don't like it up 'em!", and sometimes "You saved my life!" (usually to Captain Mainwaring).

## References
Frank Williams (actor)

**Frank Williams** (2 July 1931 – 26 June 2022) was an English actor. He was best known for playing the Reverend Timothy Farthing in the popular BBC comedy ''Dad's Army''.

Williams died on 26 June 2022 at his home in Edgware, Greater London, one week before his 91st birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jones County, Texas

**Jones County** is a county in the state of Texas in the United States. In 2020, 19,663 people lived there.  The county seat is Anson.  It was named for Anson Jones, the fifth president of the Republic of Texas.  Alcoholic drinks can not be purchased in Jones County.

## Geography 
The county has a total area of 937 square miles.

## References
Anson, Texas

**Anson** is a city in the US state of Texas. It is the county seat of Jones County. About 2,294 people lived there in 2020.  Before 1882, the name was Jones City.  In 1882, Anson was named for Anson Jones, the fifth President of the Republic of Texas.

## References
José Calzada

**José Eduardo Calzada Rovirosa** (born August 21, 1964) is a Mexican politician.  On October 1, 2009, he became the Governor of Querétaro.

## References
Thitarodes baimaensis

***Thitarodes baimaensis*** is a species of moth. It is from the family Hepialidae, the ghost moths. It was described by Liang in 1988. It lives near Yunnan, China.

## References 
## External websites 
*Buffalo Museum of Science. Hepialidae genera
Nigel Boocock

**Nigel Boocock** (17 September 1937 – 3 April 2015) was a British speedway rider. He appeared in eight Speedway World Championship finals and was a reserve in one other (1962). Boocock was born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Boocock died on 3 April 2015 in Queensland, Australia, aged 77.

## References
Shmuel Wosner

**Shmuel HaLevi Wosner** (4 September 1913 – 3 April 2015) was an Austrian-born Israeli rabbi and posek. He lived in Bnei Brak, Israel. He was known as the *Shevet HaLevi* after his major work. He turned 100 in 2013. He was born in Vienna.

Wosner died in Bnei Brak, Israel at the age of 101.

## References
## Other websites
* "Pacification or Connection"  (2013)
* Rav Shmuel Wosner: Can A Baal Korei Read The Torah With A Transparent Overlay 
* HaRav Shmuel Halevi Wosner
* Rav Wosner asks a Kallah for a Blessing
University of Queensland

**The University of Queensland** (also known as **UQ**) is a university in southeast Queensland, Australia. It has three main campuses, at St Lucia and Herston (in Brisbane City), and at Gatton to the west. The university began in 1910, making it the oldest and largest in Queensland. The university has a very good reputation, and is ranked among the top 100 universities in the world.

## Notable people 
Many famous people graduated from the university. They include actor Geoffrey Rush, surgeon Peter C. Doherty, past Governor-General of Australia Quentin Bryce, and many of Queensland's Premiers including Anna Bligh and Campbell Newman. UQ competes with the Queensland University of Technology and Griffith University as the main university of Queensland.

## References
Queensland University of Technology

The **Queensland University of Technology** (also known as **QUT**) is a university in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It has three main campuses. They are at Gardens Point and Kelvin Grove (in Brisbane City), and at Caboolture to the north. QUT began in 1989. It is now the second-largest university in Queensland. The university has a good reputation. It is ranked by some people as one of the best universities in Queensland. 

Many famous people graduated from the university, including singer Darren Hayes, past Treasurer of Australia Wayne Swan, and creationist Ken Ham. It competes with the University of Queensland and Griffith University as the main university of Queensland.

## References
Griffith University

**Griffith University** (also known as **Griffith**) is a university in southeast Queensland, Australia. It has five main campuses. They are at the Gold Coast, and four in Brisbane City (at Meadowbrook, Mount Gravatt, Nathan, and South Bank). Griffith began in 1971. It is now one of the largest universities in Queensland. The university has a satisfactory reputation. It is ranked by some people as one of the best universities in Queensland.

Many famous people graduated from the university, including politician Amanda Bresnan and Indigenous Australian politician Neville Bonner. It competes with the University of Queensland and the Queensland University of Technology as the main university of Queensland.

## References
Sarah Brady

**Sarah Brady** (née Kemp; February 6, 1942 – April 3, 2015) was an American activist. She was the widow of White House Press Secretary James Brady. She was a prominent campaigner for gun control. Brady was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

Brady died at her home in Alexandria, Virginia, due to complications from pneumonia, aged 73.

## References
Division of Sturt

The **Division of Sturt** is an Australian electoral division in South Australia.  It was set up in 1949, and named for Captain Charles Sturt, an explorer and the first European to visit the Murray River.

It includes the Adelaide suburbs of Athelstone, Burnside, Campbelltown, Dernancourt, Frewville, Gilles Plains, Glynde, Glenside, Hectorville, Highbury, Hillcrest, Holden Hill, Kensington, Klemzig, Magill, Marden, Paradise, Tranmere and parts of Payneham and Rostrevor.

## Members
## Election results
## References
* ABC profile for Sturt: 2013
* AEC profile for Sturt: 2013
* Poll Bludger profile for Sturt: 2013
Jamaluddin Jarjis

and Jamaluddin Jarjis]]
Tan Sri Dr. Ir. Haji **Jamaluddin bin Mohd. Jarjis** (25 May 1951 – 4 April 2015) was a Malaysian politician and the former Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation. He served as the Chairman of 1 Malaysia Peoples' Housing (PR1MA), and Malaysian special envoy to the United States.

## References
Mathias Gnädinger

**Mathias Gnädinger** (25 March 1941 &ndash; 3 April 2015) was a Swiss stage and movie actor. He was known for his roles in *The Boat Is Full*, *Journey of Hope*, and in *Kinder der Landstrasse*. He was born in Ramsen, Switzerland.

Gnädinger died in Zürich, Switzerland, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
*
Planomicrobium flavidum

***Planomicrobium flavidum***  is a species of bacteria. The cells are short rod or coccoid shaped. It use the aerobic respiration with oxygen. The bacterium does not form endospores. It has one flagella. *Planomicrobium flavidum* belongs to the gram-positive Firmicutes.

## References
Golden Mountains of Altai

**Golden Mountains of Altai** is name for one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This region cover a large area of . It consist of the Altai and Katun nature reserves in Siberia, Russia. It also includes Lake Teletskoye, Belukha Mountain, and the Ukok Plateau. UNESCO stated: "The region represents the most complete sequence of altitudinal vegetation zones in central Siberia". The area protects endangered snow leopards. It also has large brown bears, wolverines and golden eagles. 

Yaylyu.JPG|Lake Teletskoye
Ukok Plateau.jpg|Ukok Plateau

## Related pages
*List of World Heritage Sites in Northern and Central Asia

## Notes
## Other websites 
*Location map 
*Altai Republic Recreation Areas 
*Golden Mountains, Altai Republic, Russia 
*Golden Mountains of Altai at Natural Heritage Protection Fund
Philip Johnson

**Philip Cortelyou Johnson** (July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) American architect. He is especially known for his postmodern work since the 1980s.

Johnson was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was raised in Tarrytown, New York. He studied at Harvard University.

In 1930, he founded the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. In 1978 he was awarded an American Institute of Architects Gold Medal and in 1979 the first Pritzker Architecture Prize.

Johnson died in his sleep while at his Glass House retreat in New Canaan, Connecticut. He was survived by his partner of 45 years, David Whitney,

## Related pages
* American modern architecture

## References
## Other websites 

* Obituary 
* 
* The Architecture of Philip Johnson
Saratov

**Saratov** (), is a city and a major port on the Volga River. It is upstream (north) of Volgograd. It was ed in the year 1590. Saratov had a population of 827,000 in 2010. It is the administrative center of Saratov Oblast.

## References
Hercules (roller coaster)

**Hercules** was a wooden roller coaster at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom. It was located in Allentown, Pennsylvania. It was made by Dinn Corporation.

When it was made it was the tallest wooden roller coaster in the world. Because it was poorly made, the ride only worked from 1989 to 2003. During that time, the track for the ride was changed by Martin & Vleminckx. It was replaced by Hydra the Revenge in 2005.

Many riders said Hercules was a very rough ride (especially the sharp turn at the bottom of the main drop). This was most likely the reason for the low number of people who used it. It was also the likely reason it was closed and taken apart in 2003. It was so rough, it was given the nickname, "Hurt's your knees."

## References
Death Row Records

**Death Row Records** is an American record label. It was founded in 1991 by Tracy "The D.O.C." Lynn Curry, Andre "Dr. Dre" Young, Marion "Suge" Knight and Richard Gilbert "Dick" Griffey. Artists including MC Hammer, Outlawz,  Snoop Doggy Dogg, Nate Dogg, Daz Dillinger, Kurupt, The Lady of Rage, RBX and Michel'le agreed to join the label, following with the label's biggest star Tupac Shakur. The label declined when Shakur was killed in September 1996, Knight was charged with parole violation the following year, and when Dr. Dre, Snoop Doggy Dogg, and many others left the label. The company filed for bankruptcy in 2006, and was sold to the MNRK Music Group (formally eOne Music). 

Snoop Dogg later purchased the rights to the trademark and music of Death Row Records in 2022. He intends to revive the record label, which is currently active as an NFT label since.

## Notable artists 
### Current artists 
### Former artists
## Albums
* Dr. Dre - The Chronic (1992)
* Snoop Doggy Dogg - Doggystyle (1993)
* Various artists - Above the Rim soundtrack (1994)
* Various artists - Murder Was the Case soundtrack (1994)
* Tha Dogg Pound - Dogg Food (1995)
* 2Pac - All Eyez on Me (1996)
* Makaveli - The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory (1996)
* Snoop Doggy Dogg - Tha Doggfather (1996)
* Various artists - Death Row Greatest Hits (1996)
* Various artists - Christmas on Death Row (1996)
* Nate Dogg - G-Funk Classics, Vol. 1 (1997) (shelved)
* Various artists - Gridlock'd soundtrack (1997)
* The Lady of Rage - Necessary Roughness (1997)
* Various artists - Gang Related (1997)
* Daz Dillinger - Retaliation, Revenge and Get Back (1998)
* Michel'le - Hung Jury (1998)
* 2Pac - Greatest Hits (1998)
* Various artists - Suge Knight Represents: Chronic 2000 (1999)
* 2Pac + Outlawz - Still I Rise (1999)
* Various artists - Too Gangsta for Radio (2000)
* Snoop Dogg - Dead Man Walkin' (2000)
* 2Pac - Until the End of Time (2001)
* Tha Dogg Pound - 2002 (2001)
* Snoop Doggy Dogg - Death Row's Snoop Doggy Dogg Greatest Hits (2001)
* Mark Morrison - Innocent Man (2002) (Death Row UK; shelved)
* N.I.N.A. - New Identity Non Apllicable (2002) (shelved)
* 2Pac - Better Dayz (2002)
* Various artists - Dysfunktional Family soundtrack (2003)

## References
List of programs broadcast by Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation

This is the list of programs currently broadcast by the **Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC)**, a broadcasting network in the Philippines, includes news and public affairs programs, sports, drama, sitcoms, reality and variety shows, talk shows, educational, informative and home shopping programs

## Current original programs
*Note:* Titles are listed in alphabetical order followed by the year of debut in parentheses.
### News 
**Bagong Pilipinas* 
**IBC Express Balita* 
**IBC Special Report: Presidential Coverage* 
**Malacanang Press Briefing* 
*''President Bongbong Marcos' Vlog* 
**PTV Sports* 
**Public Briefing: #LagingHandaPH* 
**Rise and Shine Pilipinas* 
**Sentro Balita* 
**Tutok 13* 
**Ulat Bayan Weekend* 

### Public affairs 
* *Bitag Live* 
* *Gabay at Aksyon* 
* *#ipaBITAGmo* 
* *Ito Ang Kongreso* 
* *Mike Abe Live* 
**On The Ground* 

### Public service
**Healing Galing sa TV* 
**Pinoy Crime Stories* 
**Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho* 
**Resibo: Walang Lusot ang may Atraso* 
**Tadhana* 
**Wish Ko Lang* 

### Kid-oriented 
* *Talents Academy* 

### Lifestyle 
* *Chinatown TV* 

### Religious 
**Feast TV* (2011)

## Current acquired programs
Note: Titles are listed in alphabetical order, followed by the year of debut in parentheses.

## Future programming
* *HOG Manila* 
* *Public Servants on the Go* 
* *Genius Teens* 
* *The Good Story* 
* *ASK TV* 
* *Piling-Piling Pelikula* 
* *Wowowin'' (October 2, 2023)

## Previously aired programming
## Related pages
*Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation
*List of programs aired by Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation

## References
Bacillus (shape)

: click for enlarged view]]

A **bacillus** (plural **bacilli**) is a rod-shaped cylindrical bacterium. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria.

*When the name *Bacillus* is capitalized and italicized, it  refers to a specific genus of bacteria. 

*If it is not capitalized or italicized the name refers to any rod-shaped bacterium. 

There is no connection between the shape of a bacterium and its colors in the gram staining. In other words, some of them are gram negative and some are gram positive.

## References
Religion in Canada

**Religion in Canada** covers a wide range of beliefs. Most Canadians (67%) are Christians. Of that group Roman Catholics make up 34% of the population. Protestants make up about 27% of Canada's population. As of 2011 23.9% of Canadians reported they practiced no particular religion.

## Minority religions 
About 20% of Canadians were born somewhere else. immigrants have had an effect on Canada's changing religious makeup. Minority religions in Canada are growing in numbers. These include Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Judaism and Eastern Orthodox Christians. The first synagogue in Canada was built in Montreal in 1768. The first Canadian mosque was built in Edmonton in 1938. MUSLIMS ARE BADD.

## Related pages 
* List of Christian denominations in Canada
* Judaism in Canada
* Islam in Canada

## References 
## Other websites 
* RELIGION IN CANADA: THE NEW NUMBERS
Little Drac

***Little Drac*** () is a French animated television series. It was broadcast in 1991 on M6. The program was created by Bruno René Huchez and Bahram Rohani.

The series is about Little Drac, Count Dracula's son. The young vampire has to struggle against Gousse D'Ail.

## Other websites
*
Olga Sawicka

**Olga Sawicka** (February 7, 1932 &ndash; April 2, 2015) was a Polish dancer and choreographer. She was the prima ballerina of the Opera. St. Moniuszko in Poznan (1963-1974). She was director of the ballet at the Music Theatre in Poznań (1974-1976). She was born in Poznań, Poland.

Sawicka died in Skolimów-Konstancin, Poland, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
Ontario Highway 5

**Ontario Highway 5** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs from east to west. It starts at Highway 8 near Peter's Corners. It ends at Highway 6 at Clappisons Corners. The highway is 12.7 kilometers (7.9 miles) long. It passes mostly through rural areas.

## References
Grid plan

]]

A **grid plan** is the first basic  in urban planning. It is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a . In ancient Rome a grid plan method of land measurement was called a centuriation.

Early grid-plans were developed in Indus Valley civilization. It was also widely used in ancient Greece.

## Related pages 
* Sector model
* Multiple nuclei model
* Concentric zone model
* Linear city model

## References 
## Other websites 
* Historical Society of Pennsylvania
* The Great American Grid
Multiple nuclei model

The **Multiple nuclei model** is a basic  in modern urban planning. It was developed by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in 1945. It was the third model in the Chicago school (architecture). Shops and offices move to the outer parts of the city. They grow and attract other businesses. This causes the areas around them to grow into new business centers. 

## Related pages 
* Grid plan
* Sector model
* Concentric zone model
* Linear city model

## References
Sector model

**Sector model** is a basic model in modern urban planning that was ed by Homer Hoyt. He published his work in 1939 after studying 140 American cities. His model was a response to the concentric zone model developed by R. E. Park, E. W. Burgess and R. D. McKenzie.
 
## Related pages 
* Grid plan
* Concentric zone model
* Multiple nuclei model
* Linear city model

## References 
## Other websites 
*Internet Geography 
*BBC GCSE Bitesize Revision
Premier of Ontario

The **Premier of Ontario** is the head of the government of Ontario, Canada. The premier is ed by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. He or she is the head of the Executive Council of Ontario. The premier is usually the leader of the largest party in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The first premier of Ontario was John Sandfield Macdonald. He was premier from 1867 to 1871. The current premier is Doug Ford.

Here is a list of people who have been Premier of Ontario since Confederation (the creation of Canada) in 1867:

 #
 Name 
 Took Office
 Left Office
 Party

1.John Sandfield Macdonald 1867  1871  Liberal-Conservative Coalition

2.Edward Blake  1871  1872  Liberal

3.Sir Oliver Mowat 1872  1896  Liberal

4.Arthur S. Hardy 1896  1899  Liberal
5.Sir George William Ross 1899  1905  Liberal
6.Sir James P. Whitney 1905  1914 Conservative
7.Sir William Hearst 1914  1919  Conservative
8.Ernest C. Drury 1919  1923  Farmer-Labour Coalition

9.George Howard Ferguson 1923  1930  Conservative

10.George Stewart Henry 1930  1934  Conservative

11.Mitchell Hepburn 1934  1942  Liberal
12.Gordon Daniel Conant 1942  1943  Liberal
13.Harry Nixon 1943  1943  Liberal
14.George Drew 1943  1948  Progressive Conservative

15.Thomas Kennedy 1948  1949  Progressive Conservative

16.Leslie Frost 1949  1961  Progressive Conservative

17.John Robarts 1961  1971  Progressive Conservative

18.William (Bill) Davis 1971  1985  Progressive Conservative

19.Frank Miller 1985  1985  Progressive Conservative

20.David Peterson 1985  1990 Liberal

21.Bob Rae 1990  1995  New Democratic Party (NDP)

22.Mike Harris 1995  2002  Progressive Conservative

23.Ernie Eves 2002  2003  Progressive Conservative

24.Dalton McGuinty 2003  2013  Liberal

25.Kathleen Wynne 2013  2018  Liberal
26.Doug Ford 2018  now  Progressive Conservative

## Related pages 
* Premier (Canada)
* Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)

## References
Linear city model

**Linear city** is a model in modern urban planning. It was first developed by the Spanish urban planner Arturo Soria y Mata in 1882. It was an alternative to densely populated industrial cities. The idea was resumed in the 20th century in East Germany and Soviet Union.

## Related pages 
* Grid plan
* Sector model
* Multiple nuclei model
* Concentric zone model

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Linear city website  a Canadian site dedicated to the Linear city idea
* Infrastructure corridor as linear city
The Boss (roller coaster)

**The Boss** is a wooden roller coaster. It is at Six Flags St. Louis in Eureka, Missouri. It has a lift of  and a first drop of . It also has four drops of 150', 112', 103' and 72'. The ride also has a 570 degree helix. It is known for its "terrain twister" style, going up and down with the ground beneath it.

In 2009, the coaster got spare coaster trains from a sister coaster called Twisted Twins. It was at Kentucky Kingdom (then known as Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom). They gave up the train cars after shutting down the coaster's section of the park.

## References
## Other websites
* The Boss at Six Flags St. Louis Official Page
Cannon Ball (roller coaster)

The **Cannon Ball roller coaster** is a wooden roller coaster. It is at the Lake Winnepesaukah Amusement Park  (or Lake Winnie) in Rossville, Georgia. The roller coaster opened in 1967. Wild lightnin' is a steel roller coaster that goes over the lake. The Wacky Worm is a children's ride. The Cannon Ball is the biggest of the three.

## References
## Other websites
*Lake Winnepesaukah Amusement Park
*Coaster Grotto: statistics and pics
Donald N. Levine

**Donald Nathan Levine** (June 16, 1931 – April 4, 2015) was an American sociologist, educator, social theorist and writer. He was a central figure in Ethiopian Studies. Levine worked at the University of Chicago. He was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania.

Levine died at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
Klaus Rifbjerg

**Klaus Rifbjerg** (December 15, 1931 – April 4, 2015) was a Danish writer. He wrote more than 170 novels, books and essays. In 1965 he co-produced the movie *4x4* which was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.

Rifbjerg was born in Copenhagen and grew up on the island of Amager in Denmark. He studied at Princeton University. Rifbjerg died in Copenhagen after a long illness, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
Julie Wilson

**Julie May Wilson** (October 21, 1924 – April 5, 2015) was an American singer and actress. She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical in 1989 for her performance in *Legs Diamond*. She was born in Omaha, Nebraska.

Wilson died in New York City, New York from complications of a stroke, aged 90.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* 
*
Dollard St. Laurent

**Joseph Dollard Herve St. Laurent** (May 12, 1929 – April 6, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman.

Dollard started his National Hockey League career with the Montreal Canadiens in 1951. He would spend eight years in Montreal before being traded to the Chicago Black Hawks.  He won four Stanley Cups with the Habs and one with the Black Hawks.

Dollard died in Beloeil, Quebec, aged 85.

## References
Arrondissements of the Dordogne department

There are 4 **arrondissements in the Dordogne department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The 4 arrondissements of Dordogne are:

## History
Since its creation, the Dordogne department has had some changes:
* 1790 : creation of the Dordogne department with nine districts: Belvès, Bergerac, Excideuil, Montignac, Montpon, Nontron, Périgueux, Ribérac and Sarlat. Bergerac, Périgueux and Sarlat-la-Canéda were alternatively the capital of the department but later, in the same year, it was decided that only Périgueux would be the capital.
* 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Périgueux, Bergerac, Nontron, Ribérac, Sarlat.
* 1926 : the arrondissement of Ribérac is eliminated.
* 1965 : when the *communes* Sarlat and La Canéda were combined, the arrondissement of Sarlat became the arrondissement of Sarlat-la-Canéda.
* 2017 : the arrondissements were modified, affecting 72 *communes*; 28 *communes* were moved from Périgueux to Nontron, 22 from Périgueux to Sarlat-la-Canéda, 21 from Bergerac to Périgueux and 1 from Bergerac to Sarlat-la-Canéda.

## References
1995 Chicago heat wave

The **1995 Chicago heat wave** was a major heat wave. It led to over 600 heat-related deaths in Chicago. Most of the heat wave victims were old or poor people. They did not have enough money for air conditioning and would not open their windows. The people also didn't sleep outside for fear of crime. The heat also affected Milwaukee and St. Louis.

The temperatures were very hot. There were near-record highs as well. The hottest weather was between Wednesday, July 12 and Sunday, July 16. The highest temperature was  at Chicago's Midway International Airport. The heat index reached  at the Chicago O'Hare Airport. 

## Statistics 
Chicago's daily low and high temperatures in 1995:
* July 11: 
* July 12: 
* July 13: 
* July 14: 
* July 15: 
* July 16: 
* July 17: 

## References
Division of Balaclava

The **Division of Balaclava** was an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was set up for the first federal election in 1901. It was named for the suburb of Balaclava, which in turn was named for a battlefield of the Crimean War. It included the wealthy inner southern suburbs of Melbourne, including Brighton and Sandringham. It was abolished and replaced by the Division of Goldstein in 1984.

## Members
Thomas White, the Air and Civil Aviation Minister, resigned to become Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. This caused a by-election. Percy Joske resigned in 1960 to become Judge of the Commonwealth Industrial Court, which also caused a by-election.

## References
Dave Ulliott

**David A. Ulliott** (4 April 1954 – 6 April 2015), known by the nickname **Devilfish**, was an English professional gambler and poker player. Ulliott was a minor figure in the Hull underworld, but went on to become a World Series of Poker bracelet-winner, and a mainstay of televised poker. 

At the poker table, he is known for wearing orange sunglasses, a sharp suit (or leather jacket) and gold knuckleduster rings reading "Devil" and "Fish", which he made himself.

He lived in Kingston upon Hull, not far from where he grew up. Ulliott died on 6 April 2015 from colon cancer.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site
*How Ulliott got his Devil Fish Nickname
*Hendon Mob forum post by Ulliott about Poker Europa review of Swimming With The Devilfish
*Dave Ulliot Hendon Mob tournament results
*PokerListings.com profile
Romualdas Ozolas

**Romualdas Ozolas** (January 31, 1939 – April 6, 2015) was a Lithuanian politician, activist, writer and educator. He was a member of the Lithuanian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1973 to 1990. He joined the Lithuanian Centre Union political party in 1993 and became its chairman. In 1996, he was elected to the Seimas and served until 2000.

## References
Jeralean Talley

**Jeralean Talley** (née **Kurtz**; May 23, 1899 – June 17, 2015) was an American supercentenarian who was, at the age of 116 years, 25 days, the verified world's oldest living person.

She was previously thought to be the oldest living American, from the death of Elsie Thompson on March 21, 2013 until Gertrude Weaver was verified to be older in July 2014. Upon Weaver's death on April 6, 2015, Talley became the world's oldest living person evidence of their age.

Talley is the oldest validated person ever born in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## Related pages 
*List of American supercentenarians

## References
Kermit, Texas

**Kermit** is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Winkler County. About 6,267 people lived there in 2020.  On July 16, 1926, after discovery of oil in the Hendrick oil field near Kermit, the city grew quickly.

## References
Division of Bourke

The **Division of Bourke** was an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was set up for the first federal election in 1901. It was abolished in 1949. It was named for Sir Richard Bourke, who was Governor of New South Wales at the time of the founding of Melbourne. It was based in the northern suburbs of Melbourne, including Brunswick and Coburg. The National Library of Australia holds a map showing the boundaries of Bourke in 1912.

## Members
Frank Anstey was Minister for Health and Minister for Repatriation in the Scullin government.

## References
Bob Burns (drummer)

**Robert Louis** "**Bob**" **Burns Jr.** (November 24, 1950&nbsp;– April 3, 2015) was an American drummer. He was in the original line-up of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. Burns was born in Jacksonville, Florida.

Burns died in a single car crash after hitting a mailbox and tree on a sharp curve in Bartow County, Georgia, late at night after a performance on April 3, 2015. He was 64 years old.

## References
Giovanni Berlinguer

**Giovanni Berlinguer** (), Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI, (9 July 1924 – 6 April 2015) was an Italian politician and Professor of Social Medicine. He was born in Sassari, Sardinia, the son of Mario Berlinguer.

He ran for the secretarship of the Democrats of the Left (DS) in 2001, being defeated by Piero Fassino 61.8% to 34.1%. From 2004 to 2009 he was a Member of the European Parliament representing the DS and sits with the Party of European Socialists group.

He died in Rome at the age of 90.

## References
Winkler County, Texas

**Winkler County** is a county in the state of Texas in the United States. In 2020, 7,791 people lived there.  The county seat is Kermit.  It is named for Clinton M. Winkler, a Colonel in the Confederate Army.  Music maker Roy Orbison completed High School in Winkler County.

## History 
Winkler County was created in 1887 and set up in 1910.

## Geography 
The county has a total area of 841 square miles.

## Places 
### Cities 
* Kermit (county seat)
* Wink

## References
Richard Henyekane

**Richard Henyekane** (28 September 1983 – 7 April 2015) was a South African football player for Premier Soccer League club Free State Stars on loan from Mamelodi Sundowns.

On 4 March 2012, his team set a remarkable record in the Nedbank Cup when they beat Powerlines FC by 24 goals to nil, with Henyekane scoring five of the goals.

Henyekane made nine official appearances for the South Africa national team. He died in a car accident on 7 April 2015.

## References
Jean Germain (politician)

**Jean Germain** (11 September 1947 - 7 April 2015) was a French socialist politician. Germain was the president of l'Université de Tours from 1988 to 1993.
In 1995 Germain was elected mayor of Tours since 1995, and president of the agglomeration community of Tours, Tour(s) Plus. 

Germanin committed suicide by shooting himself in the head in Tours, France, aged 67.

## References
Division of Wakefield

The **Division of Wakefield** was an Australian electoral division in the state of South Australia. It covered an area from the northern suburbs of Adelaide to the Clare Valley, 135 km north of Adelaide. It includes the suburbs of Elizabeth, Craigmore, Munno Para, Virginia, and part of Salisbury, and the towns of Gawler, Balaklava, Clare, Kapunda, Riverton, Mallala, Freeling, Tarlee, Williamstown, and parts of Port Wakefield.

The Division was named after Edward Gibbon Wakefield, who planned settlements in South Australia, Western Australia, New Zealand and Canada. It was set up in 1903. It was abolished in 2019 when a redistribution cut the number of divisions in South Australia to ten.

## Members
Sir Frederick Holder and Neil Andrew (1998&ndash;2004) were Speaker of the House. Holder was also Premier of South Australia on two occasions. Holder's death in 1909 caused a by-election. In 1938 the death of Charles Hawker also caused another by-election.

## Election results
* 2004 election results
* 2007 election results
* 2010 election results
* 2013 election results
* 2016 election results

## References
* ABC profile for Wakefield: 2013
* AEC profile for Wakefield: 2013
* Poll Bludger profile for Wakefield: 2013

## Other websites
* Wakefield boundary map, 2001: AEC
* SA boundary map, 2001: AEC
John McMartin

**John McMartin** (November 18, 1929 &ndash; July 6, 2016) was an American actor of stage, movie and television. He was known ''All the President's Men* (1976), *As the World Turns* (1956) and *Kinsey'' (2004). 

McMartin was born in Warsaw, Indiana and raised in Minnesota. He died of cancer on July 6, 2016 in New York City, aged 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Shackelford County, Texas

**Shackelford County** is a county in the state of Texas in the United States. In 2020, 3,105 people lived there.  The county seat is Albany. The county was named for Jack Shackelford, a medical man who later became a soldier and led men during the Texas Revolution.

## References
Albany, Texas

**Albany** is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Shackelford County. About 1,854 people lived there in 2020.  The city was named after Albany, Georgia. The Cook oilfields were discovered in 1926. They became a large part of the local economy. Ranching is the main occupation, raising sheep and cattle. The town slogan is "Albany, the Home of the Hereford."

## Geography 
Albany has a total area of 1.5 square miles.

## References
Kardam, Prince of Turnovo

**Kardam, Prince of Turnovo, Duke of Saxony** (2 December 1962 – 7 April 2015), was the eldest son of Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria and his wife Margarita Gómez-Acebo y Cejuela.  

Kardam was born after the unseating of the Bulgarian monarchy. He was sometimes styled as if her were a crown prince. He was known also as **Kardam of Bulgaria** and **Kardam of Turnovo**, the latter being the title of the heir apparent of the Bulgarian throne.

Prince Kardam suffered severe injuries in a road accident in 2008, and did not recover. He died of a lung infection in hospital in Madrid on 7 April 2015, aged 52. 

## References
Crystal City, Texas

**Crystal City** is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Zavala County. The 2020 US census said that 6,354 people lived there. The "San Antonio, Uvalde and Gulf Railroad" stopped in Crystal City.

Crystal City was home to a large internment camp in World War II. It was the largest internment camp for Germans and those of German descent in the US. Almost all the children and many of the wives interned here were American citizens. Most were held here for four years.

## References
Ralph Bakshi

**Ralph Bakshi** (born October 29, 1938) is an American director of animated and live-action movies. His best known movies include *Fritz the Cat* (1972), *Wizards* (1977), *The Lord of the Rings* (1978), *American Pop*  (1981) and *Fire and Ice* (1983).

## References
## Other websites
*
*
**Rotospective: Ralph Bakshi, Lessons in Artistry, Rebellion and Success* a profile at AgentPalmer.com
*Radio interview with actor Ron Thompson from Ralph Bakshi's *American Pop*
**American Pop* – Q&A video with actor Ron Thompson at The Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood, California
SPB

**SPB** may refer to:

* Saint Petersburg, second largest city in Russia
* Shortest Path Bridging, (IEEE 802.1aq), computer networking
* Sodium phosphate, term for a variety of salts
IEEE 802.1aq

**Shortest Path Bridging** also known as **IEEE 802.1aq** is a computer protocol used to simplify and specialize the creation and configuration of networks, supports faster restore times, increased bandwidth, redundancy, and security.

## Related pages
* Border Gateway Protocol
* Intermediate System to Intermediate System

## References