open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Battle of Cedar Mountain

The **Battle of Cedar Mountain**, also called '''Slaughter's Mountain** or **Cedar Run''', was a battle that was fought on August 9, 1862, in Culpeper County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. Soldiers in the Union Army forces attacked Confederate soldiers near Cedar Mountain as the Confederate Army reached Culpeper Court House to stop the Union Army from attacking central Virginia. After almost leaving the field in the early part of the battle, the Confederate Army launched a counterattack that broke the Union Army's lines, and the Confederate Army won. The battle was the first battle of the Northern Virginia campaign.

]]
## References
## Other websites 
* Battle of Cedar Mountain in *Encyclopedia Virginia* 
* The Battle of Cedar Mountain : Battle maps, photos, and preservation news (Civil War Trust)
* Friends of Cedar Mountain Battlefield: Local group helping to manage a Civil War Trust property
Manahawkin, New Jersey

**Manahawkin** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Stafford Township, in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States.  As of the 2020 United States Census, the CDP's population was 2,413.

## References
Florida, Cuba

**Florida** () is a municipality and city in the Camagüey Province of Cuba. It is located  north-west of Camagüey.

## References
Ann Shulgin

**Ann Shulgin** (March 22, 1931 – July 9, 2022) was an American author. She was the wife of chemist Alexander Shulgin. She wrote *PiHKAL* and *TiHKAL* with her husband.

## References
## Other websites
* Erowid Character Vaults: Ann Shulgin
* Ann Shulgin dedica la traducción al español de PIHKAL y TIHKAL  (In Spanish)
* A New Class of Criminals: A therapist laments the loss to science of MDMA
* Video: Psychedelic Psychotherapy with MDMA – Ann Shulgin: A Chemical Performance
* Transform Press – Publisher of Ann Shulgin's Books
Ed Bauta

**Eduardo Bauta Galvez** (January 6, 1935 – July 6, 2022) was a Cuban-born professional baseball player. He played in 97 games in Major League Baseball as a member of the St. Louis Cardinals (1960–1963) and New York Mets (1963–1964). Bauta was born in Florida, Cuba.

Bauta died on July 6, 2022 at a hospital in Manahawkin, New Jersey at the age of 87.

## References
Anvar Chingizoglu

**Anvar Chingizoglu** (; 10 May 1962 – 10 July 2022) was an Azerbaijani historian, ethnologist  and genealogist. His works focused in the history and genealogies of medieval Azerbaijan, Iran and the Ottoman Empire. He wrote 70 books and 293 printed scholarly publications.

Chingizoglu died on 10 July 2022 at the age of 60.

## References
## Other websites
*Anvar Chingizoglu
*Anvar Chingizoglu Adam.az
Barbara Thompson

**Barbara Gracey Thompson** MBE (27 July 1944 – 9 July 2022) was an English jazz saxophonist. She was awarded the MBE in 1996 for services to music. Thompson worked closely with Andrew Lloyd Webber on musicals such as *Cats* and *Starlight Express*.

She was married to drummer Jon Hiseman of Colosseum from 1967 until his death in 2018.

In 1997, Thompson was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. She died on 9 July 2022 from the disease, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site 
* 
*
Cho Jung-hyun

**Cho Jung-hyun** (; 12 November 1969 – 10 July 2022) was a South Korean footballer who played as a forward. From 1992 to 1996, he played for the South Korea national football team four times.

Cho died on 10 July 2022 from pancreatic cancer in Seoul, South Korea at the age of 52.

## References
Michael Edward John Gore

**Michael Edward John Gore**, CVO, CBE (20 September 1935 – 8 July 2022) was a British politician. He was Governor of the Cayman Islands from 1992 to 1995. He was born in Kingston on Thames, Surrey, England. He was also an Ambassador to the Bahamas and Liberia.

Gore died on 8 July 2022 in Zurich, Switzerland at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* List of Governors and Predecessors of the Cayman Islands
* Cayman Islands Government Web Site
George Rieveschl

**George Rieveschl** (January 9, 1916 – September 27, 2007) was an American chemist and professor. He invented the antihistamine diphenhydramine (Benadryl), which he first made when trying to make a drug like scopolamine.

## References
Diphenhydramine

**Diphenhydramine** (**DPH**) is an antihistamine medication. It is mainly used to treat allergies.

Common side effects include sleepiness, bad balance and a bad stomach. It can be used while pregnant, but not when breastfeeding. It works by blocking some effects of histamine from working at the H1 receptor.

Diphenhydramine was first made by George Rieveschl and was first used in 1946. It is available as a generic medication.

## References
Leslyn Lewis

**Leslyn Lewis**  (born December 2, 1970) is a Canadian lawyer and politician. She has been the member of Parliament (MP) for Haldimand—Norfolk since 2021. She is a member of the Conservative Party.

She ran for Conservative Party leader in the 2020 leadership election, coming in third. She was the first minority woman to run for the federal Conservative Party leadership. 

Lewis is also a candidate in the 2022 leadership election.

## References
Maurice Boucher

**Maurice Boucher** (21 June 1953 – 10 July 2022) was a Canadian murderer, drug trafficker, and outlaw biker—once president of the Hells Angels' Montreal chapter. 

Boucher led Montreal's Hells Angels against the rival Rock Machine biker gang during the Quebec Biker War. In 2002, Boucher was convicted of ordering the murders of two Quebec prison officers. He served three life sentences at Canada’s only supermax prison prison in Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines. 

Boucher was transferred in June 2022 to get palliative care because of the metastasis of his throat cancer. He died on 10 July 2022 from the disease in Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Canada at the age of 69.

## References
Way Down

"**Way Down**" is a 1977 song by Elvis Presley and was the last track to be released in his lifetime. It was the second single from the 1977 album **Moody Blue**. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom for five weeks following his death, number 1 in Ireland and number 18 in the United States.
Cetirizine

**Cetirizine**, sold under the brand name **Zyrtec** and others, is an antihistamine medication used to treat allergies. It is taken by mouth. It starts working within an hour and it lasts for about a day. It works by blocking histamine at H1 receptors, mostly outside of the brain.

It was patented in 1981, and was first used in 1987. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. It was the 67th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States in 2019, with over 11million prescriptions.

## References
Ivan Bidnyak

**Ivan Oleksandrovich Bidnyak** (October 1, 1985, Marganets, Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukrainian SSR, USSR&nbsp;— April 20, 2022, Kherson region, Ukraine)&nbsp;— Ukrainian shooter, master of sports of international class of Ukraine in bullseye shooting. A senior soldier of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, a participant in the Russian-Ukrainian war, who fell during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Biography 
In 2003, he graduated from the Lviv State School of Physical Culture (shooting department) and returned to Dnipropetrovsk.

Took second place in shooting from a small-caliber pistol (MP-6 exercise) at the 26th ISAS international tournament, Dortmund, with a score of 657.0 points.

In March 2010, he won a silver medal as part of the team at the European shooting championship in the city of Meraker (Norway)&nbsp;— shooting from an air pistol at 10 meters (exercise PP-3)&nbsp;— together with Serhiy Kudreya (Kherson) and Oleg Omelchuk (Rivne)

In 2010, he was recognized as the eighth in the top ten sportsmen of the Dnipropetrovsk region (3 bronze medals in the European shooting Championship).

In the summer of 2013, he won a silver award at the European Small Arms Shooting Championship in Osijek&nbsp;— from a distance of 25 meters, with a result of 575 points. In the team tournament, Roman Bondaruk together with Oleksandr Petriv and Ivan Bidniak won bronze awards&nbsp;— 1706 points.

In February 2022, at the beginning of the invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine, he returned from abroad, where he worked, and went to the front as a volunteer. He fought in the Kherson region. On April 20, 2022, he was killed by an enemy bullet while performing a combat mission.

## Awards 
* Order "For Courage" III degree (2022)&nbsp;— *for personal courage and selfless actions shown in the defense of the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, loyalty to the military oath*.

## Notes 
## Sources 
* UNIAN 
* Lviv State School of Physical Culture 
* Bullet Shooting 
* The first Ukrainian license for the 2012 Olympics 
* VRU 
* Shooting Federation of Ukraine
Grizzly Giant

, in Yosemite National Park's Mariposa Grove.]]
The **Grizzly Giant** is a giant sequoia in Yosemite National Park's Mariposa Grove. It has a volume of , which makes it the 26th largest living giant sequoia.

The Grizzly Giant is the oldest sequoia in the Mariposa Grove, the largest giant sequoia grove in Yosemite National Park.

At one time, the Grizzly Giant was considered the oldest and largest tree in the world.

## References
Mirada de mujer

***Mirada de mujer (Waze of Woman)***, is a Mexican telenovela produced by TV Azteca and premiered by Azteca Trece on July 9, 1997, starring Angélica Aragón, Ari Telch and Fernando Luján, it is based on the Colombian drama *Señora Isabel*.

It had a sequel in 2003 called *Mirada de mujer, el regreso*.

## Synopsis
María Inés Domínguez is a 50-year-old housewife who is in charge of her husband Ignacio San Millán and their three children Adriana, Andrés and Mónica. Despite this, she is not happy and wants to fulfill her dreams and goals. that he abandoned and did not fulfill, out of nowhere Daniela López arrives, a woman who comes from nowhere and with whom Ignacio falls in love and believes that the 27-year marriage he had with María Inés is no longer the same. This brings family problems, her daughters to see this blame Inés for the abandonment of her father and she is only supported by her son Andrés, her friends Paulina, Rosario and her sister Consuelo her.

The infidelity begins to end her but finally she meets Alejandro Salas, a journalist and journalist 16 years younger than her who is divorced and has a son, Alex who does not see her as a mother, Alejandro does not see María Inés as a mother but as a woman, something that she had forgotten and over time they fall in love and she must have a woman's gaze to visualize her surroundings.

## Cast
### Main Cast
*Angélica Aragón as María Inés Domínguez de Sanmillán
*Ari Telch  as Alejandro Salas
*Fernando Luján as Lic. Ignacio Sanmillán
* Margarita Gralia as Paulina
* Evangelina Elizondo as Doña Emilia Elena viuda de Domínguez 'Mamá Elena'
* Verónica Langer as Rosario
* María Renée Prudencio as Adriana Sanmillán
* Bárbara Mori  as Mónica Sanmillán
* Plutarco Haza as Andrés Sanmillán
* Martha Mariana Castro as Daniela

### Supporting Cast
: Muriel Fouilland as Ivana
: Álvaro Carcaño Jr as Nicolás
: Olmo Araiza  as Alex Salas
: Carlos Torres Torrija as Marcos
: Paloma Woolrich as Consuelo
: Carmen Madrid as Marcela
: René Gatica  as Francisco
: Mariana Peñalva as Andrea
: Víctor González as Fernando
: Alma Rosa Añorve as Gloria
: Enrique Singer as Enrique
: Dora Montero  as Elvia
: Ana Graham  as Marina
: Guadalupe Noel  as Doña Felisa (1997-1998)

## Awards and nominations 
## References
## Other websites 
*
Wawona, California

**Wawona** is a census-designated place in Mariposa County, California. It is located  east of Mariposa. The population was 111 at the 2020 census.

## References
Art Schallock

**Arthur Lawrence Schallock** (April 25, 1924 &ndash; March 5, 2025) was an American left-handed pitcher. He played with the New York Yankees and Baltimore Orioles from 1951 to 1955.

Schallock turned 100 in April 2024. He died at an assisted living community in Sonoma, California on March 6, 2025.

## References
## Other websites
*http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=schalar01 Art Schallock's Baseball Almanac Biography
Dotin

**Datis Arian Qeshm** () commonly called **Dotin** () is an Iranian financial services company which also operates in the fields of IT, software production, and security. The company was founded on January 15, 2012. 

## References
Whitey Von Nieda

**Stanley Lee "Whitey" Von Nieda Jr.** (June 19, 1922 – September 6, 2023)  is an American retired professional basketball player and coach. He was born in Ephrata, Pennsylvania. In 1950, he began playing for the National Basketball Association with the Baltimore Bullets. 

Von Nieda turned 100 in June 2022, making him the first NBA player to reach 100 years of age.

## References
Mallikarjun Kharge

**Mapanna Mallikarjun Kharge** (born 21 July 1942) is an Indian politician. He is the Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Karnataka and Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha from 17 December 2022. He is the Minister of Railways and Minister of Labour and Employment. Kharge is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) political party. He was a Member of Parliament for Gulbarga, Karnataka from 2009 to 2019. On October 19, 2022, Kharge was elected as the President of the Congress Party.

## Early life and education
Mallikarjun Kharge was born on 21 July 1942 in Varavatti village, which is in Kalaburagi district (formerly Gulbarga) in Karnataka, India. He belonged to a poor family and faced many difficulties in his early life. His family belonged to the Dalit community, which faced social and economic challenges in India.
He studied at Government College, Gulbarga and later earned a law degree from Seth Shankarlal Lahoti Law College. Before entering politics, Kharge worked as a lawyer and helped people with labour and land issues.

## Political career
Kharge started his political career in the 1960s by joining the Indian National Congress. He was first elected as a Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in 1972 from Gurmitkal constituency. He won nine consecutive times in state elections, which made him one of the most successful politicians in Karnataka. 

During his long political career, Kharge held many positions in the Karnataka state government, such as:

* Minister for Education

* Minister of Home Affairs

* Minister of Water Resources

* Leader of the Opposition in the Karnataka Assembly

## National politics
In 2009, Kharge was elected to the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament) from Gulbarga. He was re-elected in 2014. During his time in the central government, he served as:

* Minister of Labour and Employment (2009–2013)

* Minister of Railways (2013–2014)

He was known for his speeches in Parliament and for standing up for workers’ rights and social justice.

## Rajya Sabha and party leadership
After losing the 2019 general election from Gulbarga, Kharge was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 2020. On 17 December 2022, he became the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha. 

On 19 October 2022, he was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress,   becoming the first person outside the Nehru-Gandhi family to hold the post in over two decades.

## Personal life
Kharge is married to Radhabai Kharge, and they have children. One of his sons, Priyank Kharge, is also a politician and has served as a minister in the Karnataka state government.

## References
Ephrata, Pennsylvania

**Ephrata** ( ; Pennsylvania German: *Effridaa*) is a borough in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is  east of Harrisburg and about  west-northwest of Philadelphia. Ephrata's sister city is Eberbach, Germany. The Ephrata Branch is working on containing PHEN-228.

## References
Eberbach (Baden)

**Eberbach** (; South Franconian: *Ewwerbach*) is a town in Germany, in northern Baden-Württemberg. It is located 33&nbsp;km east of Heidelberg. 

## References
Barry Sinclair

**Barry Whitley Sinclair**  (23 October 1936 &ndash; 11 July 2022) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played for the New Zealand men's cricket team. He played 21 test cricket matches from 1963 to 1968 for the same team. Sinclair also played for Wellington men's cricket team from 1955 to 1971. He was born in Wellington, New Zealand.

Sinclair died on 11 July 2022 in Wellington, aged 85.

## References
Pulpí

**Pulpí** is a municipality in the Province of Almería, in Andalusia, Spain.

It has an area of 94.60 km² and a population of 10,642 people.
José Guirao

**José Guirao Cabrera** (9 June 1959 – 11 July 2022) was a Spanish cultural manager and art expert. He was Minister of Culture and Sport in the government of Pedro Sánchez between 2018 and 2020. He was also Member of the Congress of Deputies from 2019 to 2020 as a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. 

Guirao was director of the Reina Sofía Museum between 1994 and 2001 and director of the La Casa Encendida from 2002 and 2014.

Guirao was born in Pulpí, Spain. In March 2021, he was diagnosed with cancer. He died from the disease at his home in Madrid, Spain on 11 July 2022 at age 63.

## References
Collingswood, New Jersey

**Collingswood** is a borough in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 14,186.

## References
A New Kind of Love

***A New Kind of Love*** is a 1963 American romantic comedy movie directed by Melville Shavelson and starring Paul Newman, Joanne Woodward, Thelma Ritter, Eva Gabor, George Tobias, Robert Clary. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1964.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
James L. Jones

**James Logan Jones Jr.** (born December 19, 1943) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general who served as the 21st United States National Security Advisor from 2009 to 2010 during the Barack Obama administration.

During his military career, he served as the 32nd Commandant of the Marine Corps from July 1999 to January 2003, and Commander, United States European Command and Supreme Allied Commander Europe from 2003 to 2006.

## References
Humboldt's Gift

'''Humboldt's Gift''' is a 1975 novel by Canadian-American author Saul Bellow. He won the 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. In the same year, Bellow received the Nobel Prize in Literature.

## Plot 
The novel, which Bellow originally conceived as a short story, is the story of Bellow's friendship with the poet Delmore Schwartz. He explores the changing relationship of art and power in materialistic America. This theme is addressed through the opposing careers of two writers, von Humboldt Fleischer and his protégé Charlie Citrine (to some extent a version of Bellow himself). Fleischer seeks to uplift American society through the arts, but fails. In contrast, Charlie Citrine makes a lot of money from his writings, especially Broadway plays and films about a character named Von Trenk, a character modeled after Fleischer.  

Another notable character in the book is Rinaldo Cantabile, a copycat Chicago gangster who tries to get Citrine to make friends. Because his career advice to Citrine is commercially tied, it is in stark contrast to that of Citrine's former mentor, Humboldt Fleischer, who prioritizes artistic integrity.  

## Perception 
Humboldt's Gift won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1976, Bellow's first entry after three previous entries were finalists. In the novel, Humboldt says, and Citrine agrees, that the prize is "a fictitious newspaper advertising award given by swindlers and illiterates". When asked about the description after receiving the prize, Bellow laughed and said he would accept the award "in dignified silence." 

## References
1929 Netherlands–Belgium women's athletics competition

The '''1929 Netherlands–Belgium women's athletics competition''' was an international women's athletics competition on 18 August 1929 Maastricht, the Netherlands.

The competition was won by the Netherlands with 46 points versus Belgium with 26 points.

During the competition Lien Gisolf set a new world record in the high jump with 1.608 metres. and the Belgian athletes were announced ahead of the competition. 

Names and events in *italics* or striked are differenced between the entry and athletes at the events. 

## Competition
## Overall classification
## References
Middlesex (novel)

**Middlesex** is a 2003 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Greek-American author Jeffrey Eugenides, written in Berlin. The novel explores themes like sociogenetics versus biogenetics, the motif of rebirth, the pursuit of the American Dream, and gender roles. It includes many references to ancient Greek mythology, such as the Minotaur and Chimera.

The book has sold over a million copies as of March 2011. Although not a strict autobiography, many details in the novel are inspired by Eugenides' own experiences while exploring his Greek heritage. The idea for the novel came to him in 1980 after reading the memoirs of Herculine Barbin, which inspired him to depict the anatomical and emotional experience of intersex individuals.

## Plot 
The narrator and main character, Cal Stefanidis, originally named "Kalli" (short for "Calliope"), is an intersex male of Greek descent with 5-alpha reductase deficiency syndrome. This condition results in a male karyotype with a female appearance.

The first half of the novel focuses on Cal's family history, particularly his grandparents' migration from Bursa, Anatolia, to the United States in 1922 and their assimilation into American society in Detroit, Michigan, during its industrial boom. The second half, set in the late 20th century, centers on Cal's life in Detroit and his journey to San Francisco, where he embraces his male gender identity.
Tunde Bakare

**Tunde Bakare** was born on the 11th of November 1955. He is a Nigerian prophetic apostolic pastor. He was said to have been arrested in the month of March 2002 after preaching a message particularly referring to the former president Olusegun Obasanjo. 

He was the opposing party for the presidential candidate Muhammadu Buhari in the 2011 Nigerian presidential election. Tunde was a member and also the legal adviser at the Deeper life Bible Church before becoming a member of the Redeemed Christian Church of God where he became a pastor and later founded his own church which is by name The Latter Rain Assembly.

Tunde Bakare was born into a Muslim home, but he later got changed to Christianity in the year 1974. He went to All Saints Primary School, Kemta, in Abeokuta and further to Lisabi Grammar school still in Abeokuta,after which he went on to study law at the University of lagos. He was called to the Bar in 1981 and during his National Youth Service Corps he practiced law with Gani Fewehinmi chambers, Rotimi Williams and Co and Burke and Co, solicitors. He founded his own law firm named Tunde Bakare and Co (El-Shaddai chambers) in October 1984. In May 1988,at the very height of his law profession, he was called into ministry (to serve God) and he started his own church which is Latter Rain Assembly (End-Time Church) which is now called the Citadel Global Community Church on 1April 1989 and he is the present ministering Overseer of the church.

According to *The Guardian* he is one of the most politically influential pastors in Nigeria.
## References
Mariposa Grove

**Mariposa Grove** is a group of giant sequoia trees located near Wawona, California, United States, in the southernmost part of Yosemite National Park. It is the largest grove of giant sequoias in the park. Two of its trees are among the 30 largest giant sequoias in the world. The grove closed on July 6, 2015, for a restoration project and reopened on June 15, 2018.

## References
Generative art

**Generative art** is the combination of computer technology with art. It uses a system that can independently determine the features of artwork that would otherwise require the work of the artist. It can be argued that the system only reproduces the artistic intent of the creator.  It can also be argued that the system takes on the role of the creator.

## History 
Georg Nees, one of the pioneers of the movement, in February 1965 presented a number of his works to the public in Stuttgart. They were described  as "computer graphics". A few years later, Nees wrote a dissertation titled "Procedural Computer Graphics". "Procedural art" and similar terms began to be used in those years by other computer artists, including Manfred Mohr. The term "procedural art" in the sense of "dynamic systems of artworks capable of generating multiple artistic events" was first proposed at the "Procedural Art" conference in Milan in 1998.

The term has also been used to describe geometric abstract art in which simple elements are repeated, transformed, or modified to create more complex shapes. It can be argued that in the late 1960s, the Argentine artists Eduardo McIntyre and Miguel Angel Vidal also practiced procedural art. In 1972, Paul Neagu, a native of Romania, created an association called the Generative Art Group in the UK. In 1972, Neagu gave a lecture on "forms of generative art" at Queen's University at the Belfast Festival.

In 1970, the Department of Procedural Systems was created at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. According to Sonya Landy Sheridan, the main focus of his staff was on artistic practices using the new technologies for capturing, printing and transmitting images, as well as exploring the aspect of time in image transformation.

In the mid-1990s, Brian Eno was also involved in the popularization of procedural music and procedural systems, which were closely associated with experimental music.

## References
Osteocephalus vilarsi

***Osteocephalus mimeticus*** is a frog in the family Hylidae. It lives in the state of Amazonas in Brazil and the state of Amazonas in Venezuela. Scientists think it might also live in Colombia. This frog lives in forests with white sand in the ground.

## Appearance
The adult male frog is 47.5 – 58.4 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 54.6–65.3 m long.  Adult male frogs have many large bumps on their skin, and adult female frogs have small bumps.  The adult frog is light brown, yellow-brown, or red-brown on the back.  Some of them have dark brown or black marks.  There is a dark stripe between the eyes.  There is a dark line by each side of the jaw.  The body's sides are yellow-white and may have brown spots or marks. The inner sections of the hind legs are light brown, and the belly is whitish. The lower sides of the legs are pink or orange.

Young frogs are gray with darker gray marks. There is a gray stripe between the eyes.

The tadpoles are 33.0 – 34.5 mm long from nose to the end of the tail.

## Threats
There are fewer of this frog than there were.  This is because human beings change the places where it lives.  Humans cut down trees to use the wood and to make farms. Because this frog only lives in forests with white sand, this is a larger problem than it is for other frogs.

## First paper
*

## References
Edward Lear

**Edward Lear** (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist and poet, one of the founders of "poetry of nonsense", author of numerous popular absurdist limericks.

## Biography 
Edward Lear was born on May 12, 1812 in the London suburb of Highgate. He was the 20th child in the family, and his older sister Ann was involved in his upbringing. When Edward was 15 years old, he and his sister settled in a separate house. Being a talented artist, Lear began working as a book illustrator. At the age of 19, he published his first book, Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots, 1830.

Since childhood, Lear had poor health - he suffered from epilepsy, asthma, and in adulthood, partial loss of vision was added to this.

In 1846, Lear published A Book of Nonsense (also translated as the Book of Nonsense or the Book of Nonsense), which included funny limericks. Soon this genre gained considerable popularity.

The style and plots of Lear's nonsense influenced the work of his contemporary, Lewis Carroll, the French surrealists, Russian Oberiuts (Daniil Kharms was Lear's admirer).

The poet died on January 29, 1888. Mentioned in the Beatles song "Paperback writer" (1966).
The Bald Soprano

The Bald Soprano (French La Cantatrice Chauve) is the first play by the Franco-Romanian playwright Eugène Ionesco.

The play was written in 1948 and was first staged by Nicolas Bataille at the Théâtre des Noctambules (The Night Owl Theatre) in Paris; premiered on May 11, 1950.

The play was not a success - until famous writers and critics, including Jean Anouilh and Raymond Quenot, supported it. Since 1957, she has been constantly going to the Théâtre de la Huchette (The Theater on rue Huchette). The play became one of the most frequently played in France.

The idea for the play came to Ionesco while he was trying to learn English with the Assimil method. Impressed by the contents of the dialogues, often very sober and strange, he decided to write an absurd play named ''L'anglais sans peine'' ("English without toil"). 

## References
The Wolves in the Walls

**Wolves in the Walls** is a 2003 picture book by writer Neil Gaiman and illustrator Dave McKean. A surreal tale of wolves that lived within the walls and then took over the house and temporarily forced its inhabitants out. The book gained great popularity, was translated into foreign languages, and a successful children's musical was staged based on it. 

The design of the book is interesting because McKean used various techniques to create illustrations: both ordinary drawings and computer graphics and photographs. According to Gaiman, the plot of the book was suggested to him by his daughter, who, at the age of four, had a terrible dream about wolves living in the walls.  

The book was translated into German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and other languages. The Russian translation of the book by Maxim Nemtsov was published in 2014 by the Livebook. 
## Plot
One evening, the girl Lucy hears strange noises coming from the walls in the house. She believes that wolves live in the walls and talks about it to her mother (who fills jars with homemade jam), her father (who plays the tuba), her younger brother (who plays video games). 

All of them, however, do not believe Lucy: mother says that they are mice, father that they are rats, and brother that they are bats. In addition, they are all sure that “when wolves crawl out of the walls, that’s all!”.

However, the next day, wolves do break out of the walls and take over the house, while Lucy and her family huddle in the garden. They discuss where they should live now - at the North Pole, in the Sahara desert, in outer space? Lucy, having forgotten her favorite pig toy in the room, sneaks into the house inside the walls and takes it.

The next evening, the family is still hesitant to enter the house, but Lucy invites everyone to go and spend the night there by walking inside the walls. The family does just that, seeing what the wolves are doing in the house (they watch TV at full volume, eat jam, throwing leftovers everywhere, dance). Unable to stand it, Lucy and her family take chair legs and chase away the wolves, who are horrified that people have come out of the wall.

The family moves back into their home, cleaning up the mess. But after a while, Lucy begins to think that elephants have now settled behind the wall.

## Adaptaitions 
In 2006, "The Wolves in the Walls" was adapted for the stage as a musical called "The Wolves in the Walls: Musical Pandemonium." It had music by Nick Powell, with some lyrics contributed by Neil Gaiman. The stage adaptation was co-produced by the National Theatre of Scotland and Improbable Theatre. 

It premiered at the Tramway in Glasgow in March 2006 and then toured the UK for the rest of the year. The production won the TMA Best Show for Children and Young People award in 2006. In October 2007, it was staged off Broadway at the New Victory Theater in New York for a two-week run, and it was well received by audiences and critics.

## References
Christine, Princess Imperial of Brazil

**Princess Christine of Ligne** (Christine Marie Elisabeth; born 11 August 1955), is a Belgian aristocrat and widow  Antônio, Prince Imperial of Brazil. By marriage she is styled Princess of Brazil, Princess of Ligne, and bears the dynastic title Princess Imperial Dowager of Brazil. She is the sister-in-law of Bertrand, Prince of Brazil, Head of the Imperial House. 

## Titles and Styles 
11 August 1955-25 September 1981: Her Highness Princess Christine of Ligne  

25 September 1981-15 July 2022: Her Royal Highness Princess Chrstine of Brazil, Princess of Orleans-Bragana, Princess of Ligne

15 July 2022-8 November 2024: Her Imperial & Royal Highness Princess Chrstine, The Princess Imperial Consort of Brazil, Princess of Orleans-Braganza, Princess of Ligne

8 November 2024-present Her Imperial & Royal Highness Princess Chrstine, The Princess Imperial Dowager of Brazil, Princess of Orleans-Braganza, Princess of Ligne

## Dynastic Honours 
Portuguese Royal Family: Dame of the Order of Saint Isabel (25 September 1981) 

Brazilian imperial family: Grand Cross of the Order of the Rose (25 September 1981)
Osteocephalus helenae

'''Helena's tree frog** or **Helena's slender-legged tree frog'* (*Osteocephalus helenae'') is a frog. It lives in the Amazon Basin in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and Brazil.

## References
## Other websites
2000 Georgian presidental election

**The 2000 Georgian presidental election** happened on April 9, 2000.'''  Eduard Shevardnadze, the incumbent president, won reelection, and defeated Jumber Patiashvili, former leader of Georgian SSR. Turnuout on elections was 75.9%.

## Results
## References
Government of Italy

The **Government of the Italian Republic** is the constitutional body that heads the executive branch of Italy. Its fundamental regulation is located in Title III of the Italian Constitution.

It is composed of the President of the Council of Ministers and the Ministers, who form the Council of Ministers. Subsecretaries of State generally also form part of the Government, some of whom assume the role of deputy ministers.

It has its official headquarters in the Chigi Palace in Piazza Colonna in Rome. Other headquarters of the representation of the Italian Government are Villa Doria Pamphilj, Villa Madama and the Farnesina Palace, all located in Rome.

The current cabinet, called the Meloni Government, came into force on October 22, 2022, after being sworn in at the Quirinal Palace.

## Overview
The Government is a constitutional body as provided by the Italian Constitution in articles 92, 93, 94, 95 and 96 and insofar as it contributes, in a position of independence from other state bodies, to the formulation of the political direction. Title III, section II, of the Constitution determines its discipline and functions. In general, the government also includes deputy secretaries of state, some of whom may be given the title of deputy ministers.

It is chaired by the President of the Council of Ministers, who ranks fourth in the order of precedence of Italian positions (after the President of the Republic, the President of the Senate, the President of the Chamber of Deputies

## President of the Council of Ministers
The president of the Council of Ministers has a position of pre-eminence over the other members of the government. He has the task of forming the government once the mandate has been received by the head of state and of electing the ministers. If he resigns, the whole government will have to resign too.

In government, one or more ministers may hold the position of Vice President of the Council of Ministers, elected by the Council of Ministers. His task is to replace the latter when the President is absent or has a temporary impediment.

## References
Carmine Coppola

**Carmine Coppola** (1910-1991) was an American composer. He is known for composing movie music. He was also a flutist, pianist, and songwriter. He wrote music for *The Godfather*, *The Godfather Part II*, *Apocalypse Now*, *The Outsiders*, and *The Godfather Part III*. All of these films were directed by his son Francis Ford Coppola. Coppola won an Academy Award for Best Original Score and a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. He also had one Grammy Award nomination.
Hempstead House

**Hempstead House**, also known as the **Gould-Guggenheim Estate** or **Sands Point Preserve** is a large estate in Naussau County, New York. It was built for Howard Gould and later for Daniel Guggenheim. The building is like a castle.The architectural style is Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals. 

Several movies have been shot here. Examples include *The Godfather* (1972), *Scent of a Woman* (1992), *Malcolm X* (1992) and *Great Expectations* (1998).
## References
The Offer

***The Offer*** is a biographical drama miniseries about the making of *The Godfather*. It is 10 episodes long. It shows the chaos, tension and struggles that occurred during the making of *The Godfather*. The show stars Miles Teller as Albert Rudy, Matthew Goode as Robert Evans, and Dan Folger as Francis Ford Coppola. *The Offer* had mixed reviews with a 54% on Rotten Tomatoes.

## Cast 
### Main 
* Miles Teller as Albert S. Ruddy
* Matthew Goode as Robert Evans
* Dan Fogler as Francis Ford Coppola
* Burn Gorman as Charles Bluhdorn
* Colin Hanks as Barry Lapidus
* Giovanni Ribisi as Joe Colombo
* Juno Temple as Bettye McCartt

### Recurring 
* Nora Arnezeder as Francoise Glazer
* Patrick Gallo as Mario Puzo
* Frank John Hughes as Frank Sinatra
* Michael Rispoli as Tommy Lucchese
* Jake Cannavale as Caesar
* Lou Ferrigno as Lenny Montana
* Meredith Garretson as Ali MacGraw
* Anthony Skordi as Carlo Gambino
* Josh Zuckerman as Peter Bart
* Anthony Ippolito as Al Pacino
* James Madio as Carmine
* Paul McCrane as Jack Ballard
* Stephanie Koenig as Andrea Eastman
* Danny Nucci as Mario Biaggi
* Derrick Baskin as Nicky Barnes
* Joseph Russo as Joe Gallo
* Branden Williams as Gianni Russo
* Justin Chambers as Marlon Brando
* Carmine Giovinazzo as Sonny Grosso
* Geoffrey Arend as Aram Avakian
* Eric Balfour as Dean Tavoularis
* Maya Butler as Diane Keaton
* Damian Conrad-Davis as James Caan
* Derek Magyar as Robert Duvall
* Nick Pupo as John Cazale
* Zack Schor as Fred Gallo
* Cynthia Aileen Strahan as Talia Shire
* T. J. Thyne as Gordon Willis

### Guest 
* Lola Glaudini as Candida Donadio
* Kyle S. More as Bernard Fein
* Billy Magnussen as Robert Redford
* Kirk Acevedo as Special Agent Hale
* Michael Landes as Vic Damone
* Louis Mandylor as Mickey Cohen
* Ross McCall as Moran
* Lisa Dobbyn as Morgana King
* Charlie Heydt as James T. Aubrey
* Dawn Joyal as Anna Hill Johnstone
* Michael Gandolfini as Andy Calhoun
* Aimee Carrero as Rosie Molina
* Lynn Adrianna Freedman as Madolina Colombo
* Ian Michaels as Robert Towne
* Allen Marsh as Alvin Sargent
* Brandon Sklenar as Burt Reynolds
* David Shalansky as Henry Kissinger

## References
Watertown Daily Times

The ***Watertown Daily Times*** is a newspaper in Watertown, New York. It covers Jefferson County, Lewis County, St. Lawrence County and Oswego County. It started in 1861.

The Watertown Daily Times Times makes a lot of different publications, like the NNY Business magazine, the NNY Living magazine, the Journal and Republican of Lowville, the Courier-Observer of Massena and Potsdam and the Oswego County News. All of these publications are published online by **NNY360**.

The Watertown Daily Times is owned by the Johnson Newspaper Corporation, which owns newspapers across New York. The Johnson Newspaper Corporation also owns The Malone Telegram, The Daily News of Batavia, The Register-Star of Hudson, The Daily Mail of Catskill and the Livingston County News.

The Watertown Daily Times owns the WWNY radio and television stations. The television station is called WWNY-TV, and the radio station is now WTNY.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
About Damn Time

"**About Damn Time**" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Lizzo.  It was released April 12, 2022, through Nice Life and Atlantic Records.  It is the lead single from her second studio album, *Special* (2022).

The song has so far peaked at number two on the US *Billboard* Hot 100, becoming her second-highest peak in the US, after "Truth Hurts" was at the top of the Hot 100 in 2019.

## References
Emblems (album)

***Emblems*** is the fifth album by Matt Pond PA, released in 2004. It contains 12 songs totaling 49 minutes and 51 seconds in length.

## Track listing
# "KC"&nbsp;– 2:53
# "Closest (Look Out)"&nbsp;– 4:48
# "Lily Two"&nbsp;– 4:03
# "Bring on the Ending"&nbsp;– 4:14
# "The Butcher"&nbsp;– 4:15
# "New Hampshire"&nbsp;– 4:50
# "Claire"&nbsp;– 3:03
# "Summer (Butcher Two)"&nbsp;– 4:27
# "East Coast E."&nbsp;– 4:00
# "Last Song"&nbsp;– 4:06
# "Grave's Disease"&nbsp;– 4:23
# "Close (KC Two)"&nbsp;– 4:49
Warner Bros. Pictures Animation

**Warner Bros. Pictures Animation (WBPA)**, (formerly known as **Warner Animation Group (WAG)**) is an American animation studio by Jeff Robinov, the studio is the successor to the dissolved 2D traditional hand-drawn animation studio Warner Bros. Feature Animation, which shut down in 2004, and is also a sister to the regular Warner Bros. Animation studio.

## History
On January 7, 2013, Jeff Robinov (then head of the studio's motion picture division) founded a screenplay development department, nicknamed a "think tank" for developing theatrical animated films, known as the **Warner Animation Group**. Warner Bros. created the group with the hope that the box office reception of their films will be competitive with other animation studios' releases.

On February 7, 2014, Warner Animation Group released their first film, *The Lego Movie*, a film animated by Animal Logic, which also provided the animation for both spin-offs. It was met with critical praise and proved to be a box-office success. Due to the movie's success, a media franchise was created, with two spin-offs, *The Lego Batman Movie* and *The Lego Ninjago Movie* (both 2017), and a sequel, *The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part* (2019). While *The Lego Batman Movie* proved to be successful at the box office, *The Lego Ninjago Movie* and *The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part* were both unable to recoup its budget, with *Ninjago* being the first film from the Warner Animation Group to be a box-office flop.

## Released movies 
## Upcoming 
## Process
Similar to Paramount Animation and Sony Pictures Animation, WAG (WBPA) outsources their computer-animated films' production to other studios such as Animal Logic (*The Lego Movie* franchise,  *DC League of Super-Pets and Toto*), Sony Pictures Imageworks (*Storks* and *Smallfoot*), Reel FX Creative Studios (*Scoob!*), Framestore (*Tom & Jerry*) and Industrial Light & Magic (*Space Jam: A New Legacy*). However, *Space Jam: A New Legacy* did also include hand-drawn animation, which is done in-house and also outsourced from Company 3 Animation, and Tonic DNA.

The budgets for their films tend to range from $60–80 million. Their most expensive films to date are *The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part* ($99 million), *Scoob!* ($90 million), *Space Jam: A New Legacy* ($150 million), and *DC League of Super-Pets* ($90 million).

## Filmography
### Franchises
## References
Gary Moeller

**Gary Oscar Moeller** (; January 26, 1941 – July 11, 2022) was an American football coach. He was head coach at the University of Michigan from 1990 to 1994. During his five seasons at Michigan, he won 44 games, lost 13 and tied 3.

Moeller died on July 11, 2022 at the age of 81.

## References
Illinois Fighting Illini football

The **Illinois Fighting Illini football team** plays for the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) level. 

The Fighting Illini are one of the first members of the Big Ten Conference. Illinois won five national championships and 15 Big Ten championships.

## References
Juan Roca Brunet

**Juan Roca Brunet** (October 27, 1950 – July 9, 2022) was a Cuban basketball player. He won the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.

Brunet died in Havana, Cuba at the age of 72.

## References
Monty Norman

**Monty Norman** (born **Monty Noserovitch**; 4 April 1928 – 11 July 2022) was an English movie composer and singer. He was best known for composing the "James Bond Theme".

Norman died on 11 July 2022 in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 94.

## References
Catalina y Sebastián

***Catalina y Sebastián*** is a Mexican telenovela produced by TV Azteca and starring Silvia Navarro and Sergio Basañez as protagonists.

## Cast 
* Silvia Navarro as *Catalina*
* Sergio Basañez as *Sebastian*
* Sergio Kleiner as *Gustavo Negrete*
* Claudia Islas as *Adela*
* Regina Torné as *Antonieta*
* Alberto Mayagoitia as *Carmelo "El Capataz"*
* Antonio De Carlo as *Padre Jerónimo*
* Jorge Luis Pila as *Antonio*
* María Rebeca as *Emilia*
* Christian Cataldi as *Eduardo*
* Pilar Souza as *Josefa*
* Fidel Garriga as *Don Lupe Mendoza*
* Lili Blanco as *Alicia*
* Kenia Gazcon as *Silvia*
* Lissette Salazar as *Jéssica*
* Eduardo Schillinsky as *Ricardo*
* Hugo Ateo as *Macario*
* Géraldine Bazán as *Luisa Negrete*
* Araceli Chavira as *Petra*
* Ninel Conde as *Paty*
* Patricia Conde
* Alejandra Lazcano as *Martina Mendoza*
* Alma Martínez
* Ranferi Negrete
* Ramiro Orci
* César Riveros

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Bioenergetics

**Bioenergetics** is the study of energy transfer within living systems. For living organisms to function, they must transfer energy within their systems and between other organisms. These transfers happen following the laws of bioenergetics, which are themselves restatements of laws of thermodynamics. 

## Laws of bioenergetics 
### First law 
The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. The total amount of energy must remain constant. Organisms cannot create energy, merely transform it from one form to another. For instance, plants do not create energy through photosynthesis, they convert energy from the sun into stored energy in food that can the be used to perform life functions. 

Energy is able to move through the systems by undergoing these energy conversion. As an example, energy from the sun is converted from thermal energy into chemical energy by a producer; the producer is then eaten by a consumer; and the energy travels up the food chain.  

### Second law 
At each level the amount of energy is reduced, following the second law of bioenergetics that states that energy transfer will always proceed in the direction of increased entropy, and the release of “free energy.” In this situation, most energy is lost as heat as it travels through the food chain. 

## How living organisms produce energy 
In living organisms, the molecule that is the source of the stored energy used for cell functions comes in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP. The energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates in the ATP. When energy is needed to do work, like moving materials across the cell membrane or for chemical reactions, the bonds are broken and energy is released. Cells therefore have to produce the ATP through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

## References
Virility

**Virility** (from the Latin *virilitas*, manhood or virility, derived from Latin *vir*, man) means masculine characteristics with positive views.
Bjørn Inge Mo

**Bjørn Inge Mo** (16 March 1968 – 10 July 2022) was a Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He was mayor of Kåfjord from 2003 to 2015. He was in the Sámi Parliament of Norway from 2017 to 2020.

Mo died on 10 July 2022 at the age of 54.

## References
Sámi Parliament of Norway

The **Sámi Parliament of Norway** (, , Lule Sami) is the representative body for people of Sámi heritage in Norway. 

The Parliament was opened on 9 October 1989. The seat is in the village of Kárášjohka (Karasjok) in Kárášjohka Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county. 

It currently has 39 representatives, who are elected every four years by direct vote from 7 constituencies. The current president is Silje Karine Muotka who represents the Norwegian Sámi Association.

## References