open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hussain Muhammad Ershad

**Hussain Muhammad Ershad** ( *Hussein Muhammad Ershad*, 1 February 1930 – 14 July 2019) was a Bangladeshi politician. He served as the 10th President of Bangladesh from 1983 to 1990. He was the founder of the Jatiyo Party, currently the second-largest party in the Jatiyo Sangshad.

Ershad was twice honoured as a United Nations Laureate, for his works on population and environmental issues.

Ershad died on 14 July 2019 at a military hospital in Dhaka from myelodysplastic syndrome, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Encyclopedia.com
* Banglapedia biography
* Jatiya party
Palacode taluk

**Palacode taluk** is a taluk in the Dharmapuri district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Palacode.
## Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Palakkodu had a population of 345,906 with 178,514  males and 167,392 females. There were 938 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 41.04. Child population in the age group below 6 was 20,954 Males and 18,600 Females.
## List of Village Panchayats in Palacode Taluk
# Adilam
# Annamalai Hally
# Athimutlu
# Baisuhally
# Bandarahalli
# Baragur
# Battalahalli
# Beharahalli
# Belamaranahalli
# Bellarahalli
# Bevuhalli
# Bikkanahalli
# Bodikuttapalli
# Bolapakutthanahalli
# Bommaandahalli
# Bommahalli
# Booganahalli
# Boppidi
# Budihalli
# Chettihalli
# Chikkadoranabetta
# Chikkamarandahalli
# Chinnagoundanahalli
# Chinnamanahalli
# Elumichanahally
# Erranahalli
# Erraseegalahally
# Erukuttahalli
# Eruthukuttahalli
# Gidanahalli
# Gudlanahalli
# Gujjarahalli
# Gummanur
# Guttalahalli
# Hanumanthapuram
# Indamangalam
# Jaggasamudram
# Jarthalav
# Jittandahally
# Kalappanahalli
# Kanavanahalli
# Kandenahalli
# Karagoor
# Karagathahalli
# Karimangalam
# Karugkamaranahalli
# Karukkanahalli
# Kattanahally
# Keragodahalli
# Kondasamanahalli
# Kottumaranahalli
# Kumbarahally
# Kuravandahalli
# Mahendramangalam
# Mallikuttai
# Marandahalli
# Maravadi
# Modugulahalli
# Molapannahalli
# Mottalur
# Mukkulam
# Murukalnatham
# Murukkampatty
# Naganampatty
# Nallur
# Nammandahalli
# Nariyanahalli
# Nelamaruthahalli
# P.Chettihalli
# P.Gollahalli
# Padi
# Palacode
# Panjapalli
# Pappanaickanpatty
# Patchikanapalli
# Periyanahalli
# Periyanur
# Poonadanahalli
# Pothalahalli
# Pulikallu
# Pulikarai
# Rangampatty
# Salliampatty
# Samanoor
# Sanganpasuvanthalav
# Sekkodi
# Senrayanahalli
# Serandapuram
# Serenahalli
# Sethikanahalli
# Sikkadoranabettam
# Sikkarthanahalli
# Soddanur
# Thandukaranahalli
# Thellanahalli
# Thimarayanahalli
# Thindal
# Thirumalvadi
# Thomalahalli
# Thonenahalli
# Thumbalahalli
# Upparahalli
# Velakalahalli

## References
Formic acid

**Formic acid**, or ** methanoic acid**, is the simplest carboxylic acid. The chemical formula is HCOOH. Many animals use for defence. The word "formic" comes from the Latin word for ant, formica, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies, and the trivial name in some languages means "ant-acid", such as Dutch mierenzuur, Danish myresyre, Faroese meyrusýra, Français acide formique and German Ameisensäure. Esters, salts, and the anions derived from formic acid are called formates.

In the 15th century, many alchemists reported that ants use an acidic fluid for defense. English naturalist John Ray was the first to get formic acid, by distilling ants, in 1671. 

In nature, it is found in most ants. The wood ants from the genus Formica can spray formic acid on their preys or to defend the nest. It is also known from the trichomes of stinging nettle (*Urtica dioica*). Formic acid is a naturally occurring component of the atmosphere due primarily to forest emissions.

## References
Salvador Minuchin

**Salvador Minuchin** (October 13, 1921 &ndash; October 29, 2017) was an Argentine-American family psychotherapist. He was born and raised in San Salvador, Argentina. Minuchin developed structural family therapy, which talked about problems within a family by talking about the relationships between family members, or between subsets of family. 

When Minuchin moved to New York in 1981, he established the Family Studies Institute, where he could teach family therapists and interface directly with the foster care system through consultation services.

Minuchin died of heart disease at a care facility in Boca Raton, Florida on October 29, 2017 at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
* The Minuchin Center
* The Philadelphia Child and Family Therapy Training Center
Peter Schutz

**Peter Werner Schutz** (April 20, 1930 &ndash; October 29, 2017) was a German-American businessman. He served as the president and CEO of Porsche between 1981 and 1987, a time in which the company greatly expanded sales such as in the United States. He was a motivational speaker and co-founder of Harris and Schutz Inc..

Schutz was born in Berlin, Germany. His family moved to Havana, Cuba in 1937 after the rise of the Nazi Party. In 1939, his family moved to Chicago, Illinois where he was raised. He studied at the Illinois Institute of Technology.

Schutz died in Naples, Florida of complications from Alzheimer's disease on October 29, 2017 at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Serge Schmemann, "American to Depart As Head of Porsche", *The New York Times*, 17 December 1987
Michael Augustine

**Monsignor Michael Augustine** (12 June 1933 &ndash; 4 November 2017) was an Indian archbishop (emeritus) of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore from 1999 through 2004. He served as Bishop of Vellore from 1981 through 1992.

He served the Church for 39 years as a bishop and for 56 years as a priest. He was born in Kovilanoor, Tamil Nadu. He resigned in 2004 due to health problems along with Pope John Paul II accepting his resignation. Since 2004 until his death, Augustine held the title of *Emeritus* Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore.

Augustine died on 4 November 2017 at a hospital in Pondicherry, India of a heart attack at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
* Archbishop Michael Augustine at catholic-hierarchy.org
* Archbishop Michael Augustine at Vellore Diocese
* Archbishop Michael Augustine at Derrick Augustin Website
Muse Watson

**Muse Watson** (born July 20, 1948) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Ben Willis in the *I Know What You Did Last Summer* franchise, Charles Westmoreland on the Fox television series *Prison Break* and as Mike Franks in CBS television series *NCIS*.

Watson was born in Alexandria, Louisiana. He studied at Louisiana Tech and at Berea College in Kentucky. 

## References
## Other websites
*
* 
* Muse Watson  on TV.com 
* Stars4Autism
Norman Hardie

**Norman David Hardie** (28 December 1924 – 31 October 2017) was a New Zealand climber. He was involved in the first ascent of 8,586-metre (28,169&nbsp;ft) Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world. He was born in Timaru, New Zealand. 

A close friend of Edmund Hillary, for 22 years Hardie was on the board of Edmund Hillary's Himalayan Trust. He visited the Himalayas on 14 trips. He has also been to Antarctica on three occasions, including as leader of Scott Base. 

In the 1992 New Year Honours, Hardie was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for community service.

Hardie died on 31 October 2017 in Auckland, New Zealand at the age of 92.

## References
Joe Brown (climber)

**Joseph Brown**, usually **Joe Brown**, CBE (26 September 1930 &ndash; 15 April 2020) was an English climber. He was born in Ardwick, Manchester, Lancashire, England. Brown's mountaineering achievements in the Alps and Himalayas have often been little known. In 1956 he made the first ascent of the west summit of the Muztagh Tower in the Karakoram with Ian McNaught-Davis. He was a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), Brown was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services.

Brown died on 15 April 2020 at the age of 89.

## References
Tony Streather

Lieutenant Colonel (Retired) **Harry Reginald Anthony "Tony" Streather** OBE (24 March 1926 &ndash; 31 October 2018) was a British army officer. He served in the Gloucestershire Regiment. He was one of the mountaineers who first-ascended Tirich Mir and Kangchenjunga. 
## Biography 
In 1955, Streather took part in the first ascent of Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world. With Norman Hardie, he reached the summit the day after the first summit party of Joe Brown.

In 1976 Streather led the Joint British Army, Royal Nepalese Army Everest expedition, which successfully put two British Army climbers on the summit.

He died on 31 October 2018 at the age of 91.

## References
Mecklenburg County, North Carolina

**Mecklenburg County** is a county in North Carolina. In 2020, 1,115,482 people lived there. The county seat is Charlotte.

## History
The county was created in 1762. It was split from Anson County. It was named in honor of the marriage of King George III to Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

## Communities
Mecklenburg County has seven municipalities including the City of Charlotte and the towns of Cornelius, Davidson, and Huntersville (north of Charlotte); and the towns of Matthews, Mint Hill, and Pineville (south and southeast of Charlotte). Small portions of Stallings and Weddington are also in Mecklenburg County, though most of those towns are in Union County. 

### City
* Charlotte (county seat)

### Towns
* Cornelius
* Davidson
* Huntersville
* Matthews
* Mint Hill
* Pineville
* Stallings
* Weddington

### Unincorporated communities
* Caldwell
* Hopewell

### Townships
*Berryhill
*Charlotte
*Clear Creek
*Crab Orchard
*Deweese
*Huntersville
*Lemley
*Long Creek
*Mallard Creek
*Morning Star
*Paw Creek
*Pineville
*Providence
*Sharon (extinct)
*Steele Creek

## References
Achille Silvestrini

**Achille Silvestrini** (25 October 1923 &ndash; 29 August 2019) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served in the Vatican diplomatic corps, either in Rome or abroad (other countries), from 1953 to 1990. He was Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches from 1991 to 2000. He was born in Brisighella, Italy.

Silvestrini was ordained a priest on 13 July 1946 in the cathedral of Faenza, by Giuseppe Battaglia, Bishop of Faenza. He earned a doctorate at the University of Bologna in 1948 and a doctorate in canon and civil law at the Pontifical Lateran University.

As of 2016, Silvestrini was chair of the Collegio universitario Fondazione Comunità Domenico Tardini, which was founded in 1946 to support war orphans.

In the 1990s, Silvestrini was mentioned as a successor to Pope John Paul II in the secular press, though Vatican observers noted that his advanced (old) age made his election unlikely.

Silvestrini died in Vatican City on 29 August 2019 at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography: Silvestrini Card. Achille, Press Office of the Holy See
* Silvestrini, Achille, Catholic News Agency
* Biography , Florida International University Libraries
Churchill County School District

The **Churchill County School District** is a K-12 school district serving Churchill County, Nevada.

## Schools 
The school district operates 3 elementary schools, one middle school, and 1 high school: Churchill County High School.

## References
Bambusa dissimulator

***Bambusa dissimulator*** is a species of bamboo from Hong Kong. It is fast growing and has plentiful branches.

## Distribution 
It can grow up to 15.24 meters and has a diameter of 4.2 centimeters.

## References
Arthrostylidium simpliciusculum

***Arthrostylidium simpliciusculum*** is a species of *Arthrostylidium* bamboo in the grass family.

## Distribution 
The species is native to Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Description 
*Arthrostylidium simpliciusculum* is a tufted perennial with short rhizomes. It grows to between 1 m and 1.2 m in height.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Specimens in United States National Herbarium
Bambusa farinacea

***Bambusa farinacea*** is a species of *Bambusa* bamboo.

## Distribution 
It is endemic to Ecuador. 

## References
Bambusa balcooa

***Bambusa balcooa*** is a clumping bamboo native to Indochina and the Indian subcontinent. It is thick walled clumping or sympodial bamboo.
## References
Bambusa affinis

***Bambusa affinis*** is a species of *Bambusa* bamboo, and a member of the grass family

## Description 
The perennial plant can grow to 500–600 cm long and the stem can go up to 25–35 mm diameter.

## Distribution 
It can be found in the tropical regions of Indo-China.
## References
Ampelocalamus scandens

***Ampelocalamus scandens*** is a species of bamboo native to the Guizhou province of China. It can reach heights of 10 m and a stem diameter of 0.8 cm and grows at an altitude of between 265 - 320m.

## References
Pennagaram taluk

Pennagaram taluk is a taluk in Dharmapuri district in Tamil Nadu. The headquarters is Pennagaram town.
## Population
2011 Census states that the total population of this taluk is 234,406 with 123,101 males and 111,305 females. There were 904 females for every 1000 males.
## Reference
Bambusa blumeana

***Bambusa blumeana***, also known as **spiny bamboo** or **thorny bamboo**, is a species of bamboo occurring in Tropical Asia.

This bamboo is known locally as: *kawayang tinik* in the Philippines, *buluh duri* in Malay and *tre gai* or *tre lá ngắn* in Vietnam.

## Gallery

Bambus blumean 160602-58955 ponr.JPG
Bambus blumean 170107-0114 jtg.JPG

## References
Gyalo Thondup

**Gyalo Thondup** (), (1928 – 8 February 2025) was the second-eldest brother of the 14th Dalai Lama. He often acted as the Dalai Lama's unofficial ambassador, and was involved in many political controversies around the Tibetan society. 

In the later years of his life, Thondup repeatedly said that the only way to achieve progress is with China. In 1998, the Central Tibetan Administration (the political arm of the Dalai Lama's anti-China diaspora faction) criticized Thondup for not letting the Dalai Lama know about the CIA's involvement in Tibet.

Thondup died at his home in Kalimpong, West Bengal, India, on 8 February 2025, at the age of 97.

## References
Revenue block

**Revenue blocks**, revenue circles or firka are the local revenue sub-divisions of the various districts of the states of India. These blocks should not be confused with the similar Panchayath union blocks (Blocks) and taluks. The revenue blocks exist to simplify local administration, and each consists of a small number of revenue villages, governed by a Revenue Inspector. The Revenue Inspector is charged with a number of key administrative roles, most notably the identification and collection of tax revenue. Sometimes the land area in a revenue circle is identified as an ILRC (Inspector Land Revenue Circle) for administrative purposes.

While Revenue blocks may be as large as or larger than a tehsil, revenue circles are generally smaller. In the state of Tamil Nadu alone, there are 1,127 revenue blocks.

## References
Jack Nichols (activist)

**John Richard "Jack" Nichols Jr.** (March 16, 1938 – May 2, 2005) was an American gay rights activist. He co-founded the Washington, D.C. branch of the Mattachine Society in 1961 with Frank Kameny. He was born in Washington, D.C.. Nichols led the first gay rights march on the White House, in April 1965,

Nichols died of complications from salivary gland cancer in Cocoa Beach, Florida on May 2, 2005 at the age of 67.

## References
2017–18 Russian Premier League

The **2017–18 Russian Premier League** (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу 2017/2018, *Chempionat Rossii po futbolu 2017/2018*) was the 16th Russian Premier League season, and the 26th top division football tournament. It was played from 15 July 2017 to 13 May 2018. Spartak Moscow were the defending champions, but Lokomotiv Moscow won the tournament.

## Table 
### Relegation play-offs 
|}

Because Amkar Perm was dissolved when the season ended, Anzhi Makhachkala were allowed to stay in the Premier League. Yenisey Krasnoyarsk will be promoted to the Premier League for the first time in the team's history.

## Statistics 
### Top goalscorers 
**15 goals**

*  Quincy Promes (Spartak Moscow)

**14 goals**

*  Fyodor Smolov (Kuban Krasnodar)

**10 goals**

*  Luiz Adriano (Spartak Moscow)
*  Viktor Claesson (Kuban Krasnodar)
*  Jefferson Farfán (Lokomotiv Moscow)
*  Aleksandr Kokorin (Zenit St Petersburg)
*  Vitinho (CSKA Moscow)

**9 goals**

*  Yevgeni Markov (Tosno)

**8 goals**

*  Eric Bicfalvi (Ural)

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*2017–18 Russian Premier League at Soccerway
2016–17 Russian Premier League

The **2016–17 Russian Premier League** (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу 2016/2017, *Chempionat Rossii po futbolu 2016/2017*) was the 15th Russian Premier League season, and the 25th top division football tournament. It was played from 30 July 2016 to 21 May 2017. Spartak Moscow won the tournament.

## Table 
## Statistics 
### Top goalscorers 
**18 goals**

*  Fyodor Smolov (Krasnodar)

**13 goals**

*  Artem Dzyuba (Zenit St Petersburg)

**12 goals**

*  Quincy Promes (Spartak Moscow)

**10 goals**

*  Ari (Krasnodar and Lokomotiv Moscow)

**9 goals**

*  Jonathas (Rubin Kazan)
*  Bekim Balaj (Terek Grozny)

**8 goals**

*  Denis Glushakov (Spartak Moscow)
*  Sergei Kornilenko (Krylia Sovetov)
*  Giuliano (Zenit St Petersburg)

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*2016–17 Russian Premier League at Soccerway
Alp Buğdaycı

**Alp Buğdaycı** (born 21 July 1964 Diyarbakır, died 12 June 2016 Istanbul) is a Turkish businessman, newscaster, and voice artist.

## Career 
Between 1982 and 1988, he started his career as a reporter for various newspapers and news agencies in Bâb-ı Âli. In 1990, he made a news announcer on Turkey's first private television channel, Star 1 (Magic Box). In 1991, he passed on Show TV and was on the morning show called "Hello to the Sun".

## References
Piet Derksen

**Piet Derksen** (1913, Rotterdam - 24 February 1996, Westerhoven) was a Dutch businessman who founded Center Parcs. He was also a philanthropist. He donated all his fortune to charity.

## Business 
Piet's father thought he was reading too much, so he said to his son that he should go and play tennis. Pieter listened to the advice of his father, but he was more interested in making money from tennis. He borrowed money from his family and built a tennis court near Kralingen in Holland with it.

Later on, Pieter had the idea to sell his tennis course and start a sport store. It was called "Sporthuis-centrum" which means "Sporthouse-centre". He bought a tent factory in North Brabant. At the time, lots of people wanted bigger, better tents. Pieter decided to rent out tents on a piece of land he bought near Reuver. This was a great success, so the tents were  replaced with bungalows. In 1978 Pieter decided to sell his sports stores - he did this so he could concentrate on "Sporthuis Centrum". He built a house for himself on the Center Parcs site "De Kempervennen" near Eindhoven. He did this so he could see his company working and be close to his customers.

## References
Westerhoven

**Westerhoven** is a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is in the municipality of Bergeijk. It is about 15&nbsp;km southwest of Eindhoven.

## History
Westerhoven is in a valley between the rivers 'Keersop' and 'Beekloop'. The rivers both flow just outside the middle of the village. There is evidence that prehistoric people lived in the area. The hill connecting to the nearby village Riethoven is from the Roman times. Frankish ceramics were found when some people  removed an old oak shore. Westerhoven used to be part of the ‘heerlijkheid’ Bergeyk but became separated from it in 1810. Westerhoven became part of Bergeijk in 1997.

Kempenlands (an East Brabantian kind of language, which is similar to normal Dutch) is spoken in the area.

## References
## Other websites
*http://atlas1868.nl/nb/westerhoven.html This is a map of the old municipality from around 1868.
Qatar Foundation

**Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development** is an NPO organization based in Qatar, founded by former Emir of  Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and his second wife Moza bint Nasser in 1995.
The President of the Qatar Foundation is shaikha Moza bint Nasser. In February 2016, her daughter Hind bint Hamad Al Thani, the sister of the current Emir of Qatar, is appointed CEO of the foundation.
Qatar Foundation has created a campus, Education City, which houses branches of reputable American universities. To link these universities to industry, and has established the Qatar Science and Technology Park to host technology and innovation-based companies.

On December 10, 2010, FC Barcelona announced that it has signed a five-year, 150 million euro contract with the Qatar Foundation.

## References
Sergei Ignashevich

**Sergei Nikolayevich Ignashevich** (Russian: Сергей Николаевич Игнашевич; born on 14 July 1979 in Moscow) is a Russian football player. Since 2004, he has played for CSKA Moscow. He is the most capped player (meaning he has made the most appearances) for the Russia national team.

## Career statistics 
## International statistics 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Profile at CSKA Moscow website
Silatech

**Silatech** () is a private, international and non-governmental organization in Qatar, founded by Moza bint Nasser in 2008, mother of the current Emir of Qatar. The current CEO of this organization is Sabah Ismail AlHaidoos. Silatech try to create new job for young people (18 to 30 years old) in Arab world by teaching them. By 2016, Silatech has created over than 200,000 jobs for Arab people and Silatech is active in 16 countries. The Founding partners of Silatech include Cisco, Gallup, and ImagineNations.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Ballast

A **Ballast** is a large resistor that regulates the amount of electrical current in a circuit. Most ballasts are used for fluorescent lamps to regulate the current thru it, which might rise to a dangerous level and burn it out.

**Ballast** is also crushed stone used in railway tracks. See ballast tamper.

## Gallery 

File:Magnetic Ballasts 1.jpg|3 Magnetic Ballasts: the ballast on the top is a  Rapid start ballast, while the lower two ballasts are preheat ballasts.
File:Fulham Workhorse 4 ballast.jpg|Electronic  4 lamp Ballast
Frank Holder

**Frank Holder** (2 April 1925 &ndash; 29 October 2017) was a Guyanese jazz singer and percussionist. He was a member of bands led by Leslie George "Jiver" Hutchinson, John Dankworth and Joe Harriott. Holder recorded early in his career for the major record companies Parlophone, Decca and London Records. He was best known for his work in the early 1950s with The Dankworth Seven. He was born in Georgetown, Guyana.

Holder died in Georgetown on 29 October 2017 of congestive heart failure at the age of 92.

## References
## Other websites
*FrankHolderMusic.com 
*Camdenreview.com 
*Crazykelvin.com
Kit Harington

**Christopher Catesby** "**Kit**" **Harington** (born 26 December 1986) is an English actor. He played Jon Snow in the Home Box Office television series *Game of Thrones*. He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2016. Harington was born in London. His role is praised for the series.

## References
Ufa

**Ufa** (; ) is the largest city in and the capital of Bashkortostan, Russia. The city is located where the Belaya and Ufa rivers meet. This area is in the centre-north of Bashkortostan, on hills forming the Ufa Plateau. It is to the west of the southern Ural Mountains. Over 1.1 million people live in the city. As many as 1.4 million more people live in the area around the city. Ufa is the tenth-most populous city in Russia. It has the fourth largest population for a city in the Volga Federal District.

The city was founded in 1574. This is when a fortress was built on the site of the city by order of Ivan the Terrible. Ufa was made capital of Ufa Governorate in 1865 when the governorate split from Orenburg Governorate. 

Today, Ufa's economy is based mainly on the oil refining, chemistry and mechanical engineering industries. The petroleum company Bashneft and several of its subsidiaries have their headquarters in Ufa. People of many different ethnic groups live in Ufa. The city is home to a large number of ethnic Bashkirs and Tatars, Most of the population is ethnicly Russian. Several educational institutions are in Ufa. They include Bashkir State University, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University and Ural State Law University. 

## References
Nancy Friday

**Nancy Colbert Friday** (August 27, 1933 – November 5, 2017) was an American author who wrote on the topics of female sexuality and liberation. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her best known works are *My Secret Garden* and *Forbidden Flowers*.

Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s she was a frequent guest on television and radio programs such as *Politically Incorrect*, *Oprah*, *Larry King Live*, *Good Morning America*, and NPR’s *Talk of the Nation*.

Friday died on November 5, 2017 of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Manhattan, New York at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*Official site 
*A series of chats with Nancy Friday
Paradise Papers

The **Paradise Papers** are a set of 13.4&nbsp;million documents relating to offshore investment. Among those whose financial affairs are mentioned are Queen Elizabeth II, and the last two US Secretaries of Commerce: Penny Pritzker and Wilbur Ross. The documents were made public by the *International Consortium of Investigative Journalists* in collaboration with *Süddeutsche Zeitung*.  These same two organizations had earlier published the  Panama Papers in 2016 from the 2.6 terabytes of data sent by John Doe.

The papers include records from an offshore law firm Appleby, although the company has released a statement stating there has been "no evidence of wrongdoing".

People mentioned in the list are: Queen Elizabeth II, Bono, former Prime Ministers of Canada: Jean Chrétien,
Paul Martin, and Brian Mulroney, U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, economic advisor Gary Cohn, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross, son-in-law of Vladimir Putin, Madonna, Paul Allen, President of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos, Jean-Jacques Annaud, Carlos Slim, Chancellor of Austria Alfred Gusenbauer, Prince Charles, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, Prime Minister of Japan Yukio Hatoyama, President of Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Shakira, Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan, Prime Minister of Pakistan Shaukat Aziz, and sons of Prime Minister of Turkey Binali Yıldırım.

Companies also mentioned were Facebook, Apple, Microsoft, EBay, Glencore, Uber, Nike,  Walmart, Allianz, Siemens, McDonald's and Yahoo.

## Related pages
* Panama Papers
*Pandora Papers

## References
## Other websites
* Paradise Papers Portal of BBC (United Kingdom)
* Paradise Papers Portal of *The Guardian* (United Kingdom)
* Paradise Papers Portal of *Le Monde* (France)
* Paradise Papers Portal  of *El Confidencial* (Spain)
* Paradise Papers Portal of *Sveriges Television* (Sweden)
Sutherland Springs church shooting

On November 5, 2017, was a mass shooting that took place at the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas, United States. 

The gunman reportedly entered the church around 11:30 am CST and started firing. The shooter was killed after a chase with local law enforcement. At least 27 people were killed including the man who did the shooting. The shooter was vocally Anti-Christian.

The shooting is the deadliest at a church in U.S. history. More people were killed than in the Charleston church shooting in South Carolina in 2015.

President Donald Trump was in Japan at the time of the attack. He tweeted, "May God be w/ the people of Sutherland Springs, Texas. The FBI & law enforcement are on the scene. I am monitoring the situation from Japan."

A few hours after the shooting, it was learned that the shooter was 26-year-old Devin Patrick Kelley. He served in the U.S. Air Force from 2009 to 2013 before being told to leave. For a short time he was an unpaid  helper at a Vacation Bible School in Kingsville, Texas.

## References
Offshore investment

. Bermuda is not only known as a holiday destination, but also as a centre for offshore investment.]]
**Offshore investment** is when a person invests money in a different country than the country of residence. This is often done to pay less taxes. Differences in legislation may also be a driving force. Very often money laundering is also done in these countries.
Hugo de Jonge

**Hugo Mattheüs de Jonge** (born September 26, 1977 in Bruinisse) is a Dutch politician. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and a minister in the Fourth Rutte cabinet.

De Jonge studied at Ichthus University of Applied Sciences in Rotterdam  and subsequently worked as a school teacher for five years.

From 2004 to 2006, he was an assistant to the CDA parliamentary group in the House of Representatives. The next four years he worked at the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

He became an alderman of the city of Rotterdam in 2010, which lasted till 2017. Education, youth and family matters were in his portfolio. In between he was also a councillor of Rotterdam for a brief period (after the municipal elections in 2014).

From 2017 to 2022, he was minister of Health, Welfare and Sports, and also a Deputy Prime Minister in Rutte III. He was the first one to replace Prime Minister Mark Rutte. At the public presentation of the government he received attention by wearing dark-dotted white shoes made of crocodile leather.

He was leading the CDA in 2020 (succeeded by Wopke Hoekstra). Since January 2022, he has been minister of Housing and Spatial Planning in Rutte IV.

Hugo de Jonge is married with two children, and a member of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN).

## Other websites 
* Bio at Government.nl
## References 
* Bio at Parlement.com
Harur taluk

Harur taluk is a taluk in Dharmapuri district in Tamil Nadu. The headquarters is the town of Harur.
## Population
2011 Census states that the total population of this taluk is 240,356 with 122,216 males and 118,141 females. There were 967 females for every 1000 males.
## List of villages in Harur Taluk
#Achalvadi
#Agraharam
#Agraharam
#Alambadi
#Ammapettai
#Andipatty
#Andipatty
#Andiyur
#Appiyampatty
#Avallur
#Avlampatty
#Bairnayakkampatty
#Bannikulam
#Battalahalli
#Bodinaickenhalli
#Chandrapuram
#Chellampatti
#Chettikuttai
#Chinnakoundampatti
#Chinnapannimaduvu
#Dasirihalli
#Dodampatty
#Elavadi
#Ellepudayampatti
#Ettipatty
#Ganapathipatty
#Gettupatty
#Gobinathampatti
#Gudalur
#Harur (TP)
#Ichampadi
#Ilaiyampatty
#Ittaiampatty
#Ittalapatti
#Jadaiyankombai
#Jangalvodi
#K. Vetrapatti
#Kadambarahalli
#Kalladipatti
#Kalladipatty
#Kambalai
#Kammalampatty
#Kangavembu
#Karapadi
#Kattiripatty
#Kattur
#Kattuvadichampatti
#Kavoipatty
#Kelapparai
#Kilanur
#Kilchengampadi
#Kilomorappur
#Kiraipatty
#Kodamandapatti
#Konampatty
#Kondampatti
#Kondayampatty
#Kosapatty
#Kothanampatti
#Kottapatti Extension R.F.
#Kottapatty
#Kottapatty R.F.
#Kottarapatty
#Kudumiyampatty
#Kulunthambinatham
#Kumrampatty
#Kurumbapatty
#Kurumbapatty
#Kurumbatty
#Kuruthampatty
#Kuttipatti
#M.Vetrapatti
#Mambadi
#Mampatty
#Mandikulampatti
#Mangalapatty
#Marudipatti
#Mattiyampatti
#Mattiyampatti
#Maveripatti
#Meithangi
#Melachengambadi
#Melanur
#Mettuvalasai
#Mobirippatti
#Mondukuli
#Mookanurpatti
#Morappur
#Morasapatti
#Mottayampatti
#Mugilipatti
#Nachanampatti
#H.Nachanampatty
#Nadupatti
#Naripalli
#Nariyampatt
#Navalai
#Nayinakavundampatti
#Neruppandalkuppam
#Obilinayakkanpatti
#Pachanampatty
#Palaiyam
#Palayam
#Palayampalli
#Pallipatti
#Panamarathupatti
#Pappinayakkenvalasai
#Pariayapatti
#Periyapatti
#Periyappannimaduvu
#Ponneri
#Poyyapatti
#Pudinattam
#Pudur
#Rasalampatti
#Reddipatti
#Runganavalasai
#Sakkilipatti
#Samanattam
#Samandahalli
#Sandappatti
#Sekkampatti
#Selambai
#Sengandipatti
#Sennampatti
#Senrayampatti
#Setrapatti
#Sikkalur
#Singilipatty
#Sittilingi
#Sittilingi R.F.
#Sittilingi Extension R.F.
#Soorapatti
#Soriyampatti
#Sundangipatti
#Suramatham
#Tadaravalasai
#Tamaleripatti
#Tamarakoliyampatti
#Tambal
#Tandekuppam
#Tariasal 
#Thadampatti
#Thambichettipatti
#Thanippadi
#Thathampatti
#Thedampatti
#Theerthamalai
#Theerthamalai R.F.
#Thekkanampatti
#Thippampatti
#Thoppampatti
#Thoranampatti
#Vadapatti
#Vadugapatti
#Valaduppu
#valaithottam(rural site)
#Vallimadurai
#Vedakadamaduvu
#Vedapatti
#Velampatti
#Velampatti
#Velanur
#Venakkampatti
#Vengiampatti
#Veppampatti Extension R.F.
#Veppampatti RF
#Veppanatham
#Veppasennampatti
#Virappanayakkampatti
## Reference
Paul Manafort

**Paul John Manafort Jr.** (born April 1, 1949) is an American lobbyist, political consultant, lawyer and convicted felon. He joined Donald Trump's presidential campaign team in March 2016 and served as campaign manager from June to August 2016. He was an adviser to the U.S. presidential campaigns of Republicans Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bob Dole. 

On August 22, 2018, Manafort was convicted of bank and tax fraud.

In 1980, Manafort co-founded the Washington, D.C.-based lobbying firm Black, Manafort & Stone, along with principals Charles R. Black Jr., and Roger Stone. 

## FBI Investigation
Manafort is under investigation by multiple federal agencies. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has reportedly had an active criminal investigation on him since 2014 regarding business dealings in Ukraine. He is also a person of interest in the FBI counterintelligence probe looking into the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections led by Robert Mueller.

### Arrest 
]]
 and George H. W. Bush]]
On October 30, 2017, Manafort surrendered to the FBI after news broke that a federal grand jury had indicted him. They charged Manafort with conspiracy against the United States, conspiracy to launder money, failure to file reports of foreign bank and financial accounts, being an unregistered agent of foreign principal, false and misleading FARA statements, and false statements.

On June 15, 2018, Manafort's bail was revoked and he was sent to jail due to charges of obstruction of justice and witness tampering that is alleged to have occurred while he was under house arrest. He pled not guilty to these additional charges and as of June 2018 is currently awaiting trial.

### Conviction
On Tuesday, August 21, 2018, Manafort was convicted of five counts of tax fraud, two counts of bank fraud and one count of failure to report foreign bank accounts. In total, the jury convicted Manafort on 8 of the 18 counts against him and said it was deadlocked on the other 10 counts (U.S. District Judge T. S. Ellis III declared a mistrial on those charges).

## References
## Other websites
* Paul J Manafort at SourceWatch
* 
* United States of America—Indictment of Paul J. Manafort and Richard Gates
* Paul Manafort has three U.S. passports. Why?–November 1, 2017. *Washington Post*.
Dudley Simpson

**Dudley Simpson** (4 October 1922 – 4 November 2017) was an Australian composer and conductor. He was born in Melbourne. He was the Principal Conductor of the Royal Opera House orchestra for three years. He was best known for his work as a composer on British television. He worked on the BBC science-fiction series *Doctor Who*.

Among his early television work was the music for *Moonstrike* (1963). Simpson also created the theme music for *The Brothers* (1972), *The Tomorrow People* (1973), *Moonbase 3* (1973), *The Ascent of Man* (1973) and ''Blake's 7'' (1978). He also composed music for many plays from the BBC Television Shakespeare series.

Simpson died on 4 November 2017 at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
Royapuram

**Royapuram** is a locality (territory or neighbourhood) present in the northern part of Chennai metropolitan city, Tamil Nadu. This area is best known for the Royapuram Railway Station. This is the first railway station of South India. It was opened in 1856. At present it is the oldest surviving railway station of the Indian subcontinent   The St. Peter's Church, Royapuram is one of the most important and oldest church in the region. Royapuram fishing harbour is one of the largest fishing harbours in the Coromandel Coast or Eastern coast of India.

## Reference
Adyar, Chennai

**Adyar** is a large neighbourhood (locality) in the southern part of Chennai Metropolitan city, Tamil Nadu. This neighbourhood is on the southern banks of Adyar River. Adyar is one of the most expensive areas in Chennai. The land property in Adyar costs four times as much as similar land properties in the northern part of Chennai.

The Adyar River forms an estuary near the coast of Adyar (locality). This has been home to more than one hundred species of birds. But this estuary has been affected by industrial wastes.

Adyar is home to Adyar Cancer Institute and Central Leather Research Institute. Central Leather Research Institute is the world's largest leather research institute.
IIT Madras, Anna University, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Asian College of Journalism and the Technical Teachers Training Institute are all located in this neighbourhood.

## References
Besant Nagar

**Besant Nagar** is one of the neighbourhood (locality) of Chennai metropolitan city, Tamil Nadu. This area is named after famous women's right activist Annie Besant.

## Landmarks
This area is known famously for the following landmarks:
* Elliot's Beach
* Annai Velankanni Church of Besant Nagar
* Arulmigu Mahalakshmi Temple
* Rajaji Bhavan Complex
* Ashtalakshmi Temple
* Varasiddhi Vinayagar Temple
* Ratnagirishwarar Temple
Adambakkam

**Adambakkam** is a neighbourhood (locality) present in the Chennai metropolitan city, Tamil Nadu. This area is a thickly populated area. This is situated near the St. Thomas Mount Railway Station.

Before October 2011, a part of Adambakkam was under Chennai Corporation and the other part under Alandur municipality.But after that was joined totally with Chennai Corporation. The Adambakkam is having its new railway station under construction.

This area has many temples like famous Pazhandi Amman Temple.
## References
Appukutty

**Sivabalan** (Popularly called **Appukutty**) is an actor and comedian in Tamil cinema. He became a well known actor since his role in the movie *Vennila Kabaddi Kuzhu*. His role in *Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai* won him National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor.

## Career
He was born in a village named Nathan Kinaru in Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. He worked as a cleaner in hotels in Chennai. He was given small roles by movie personalities. He wanted to become a comedian. He was recognised by the Tamil cinema in the movie *Vennila Kabaddi Kuzhu* of director Suseenthiran. The director gave a role for Appukutty in the movie *Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai*. The movie won him the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor.  His roles in the movies *Sundarapandian* and *Veeram* are also notable ones.

## References
Velachery

Velachery is a residential area as well as a locality in Southen part of Chennai metropolitan area, Tamil Nadu. This locality is the important and effective centre in Chennai. The Velachery Lake was historically containing an area of 250 acres. The ancient Selliamman and Narasimhar temples were located on its Southern corner(banks).

Velachery has its own railway station named Velachery railway station. There are many well known temples are located here.

## Colleges 
* Guru Nanak College, Velachery, Chennai
* Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Pallikaranai
* Jerusalem College of Engineering: Located in Velachery-Tambaram Main Road, this engineering college offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various disciplines of engineering.
## Reference
Independent clauses

An **independent clause**, also called a main clause, is a clause that can stand on its own. It contains all the information necessary to be a complete sentence. An independent clause has a subject that tells you what the sentence is about and a verb that tells you what the subject is doing. It expresses a complete thought, relaying that something has happened or was said.
* For example, in the sentence, 'My dog loves pizza crusts,' the subject is *dog,* the verb is *loves* and your reader now knows that 'your dog loves pizza crusts,' making it a complete thought.
Flag of Bulgaria

The **flag of Bulgaria** (, , *zname na Bǎlgariya*) is the flag of the European country, Bulgaria. It has three horizontal bands of white, green and red. It was adopted in 1991.

## Flag law
According to the Law for the State Seal and National Flag of the Republic of Bulgaria, promulgated on 24 April 1998:

## Colours
According to the Standardisation and Metrology Committee, the following are the required colours for use in the national flag:

## References
## Other websites
*Bulgarian Heraldry and Vexillology Society 
*
*Law for the State Seal and the National Flag of the Republic of Bulgaria 
*About Bulgarian national symbols
*
Voronezh

**Voronezh** () is an Russian city, not far from Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Voronezh Oblast. It is located on the river Voronezh. The city was founded in 1586. In 2017, the city had an estimated population of 1,039,801 people.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Voronezh
MGR Kazhagam

**MGR Kazhagam** is a political party founded and led by R. M. Veerapan. He is the former Minister under All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam for 5 terms at different periods.
MGR Kazhagam which was divided and created from AIADMK supported the DMK alliance in 2004 Lok Sabha elections.

## References
*
Cave Creek disaster

The **Cave Creek disaster** occurred on 28 April 1995. A scenic viewing platform in Paparoa National Park, New Zealand, collapsed. The collapse resulted in the deaths of 14 people. The victims, 13 of whom were university students, fell  onto rocks below.

## References
Anna Diggs Taylor

**Anna Katherine Johnston Diggs Taylor** (**Anna Katherine Johnston**; December 9, 1932 &ndash; November 4, 2017) was an American judge. She served as United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan from 1979 through 1998. She was born Washington, D.C.. 

In 1979, she was appointed to the federal bench by President Jimmy Carter, becoming the first black woman judge appointed to the Eastern District of Michigan.

She became Chief Judge in 1997, and took senior status in 1998.

Taylor died on November 4, 2017 of complications from Parkinson's disease in Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography at Detroit African-American History Project 
*
Arthrostylidium longiflorum

***Arthrostylidium longiflorum*** is a species of *Arthrostylidium* bamboo in the grass family. 

## Distribution 
*Arthrostylidium longiflorum* is native to Venezuela in South America

## References
Dionatan Teixeira

**Dionatan do Nascimento Teixeira** (24 July 1992 – 5 November 2017) was a professional footballer. He played as a centre-back. He was best known for playing for Stoke City F.C. from 2014 to 2017.

On 5 November 2017  Teixeira suffered a fatal heart attack in Londrina, Brazil at the age of 25.

## Statistics
Source:

## References
## Other websites
Mansour bin Muqrin

**Mansour bin Muqrin Al Saud** (1973 – November 5, 2017) was a Saudi businessman, royal, and political advisor. He was a member of the House of Saud and the son of Muqrin bin Abdulaziz, a former Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia.

In January 2015, he was appointed Advisor at the Court of the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. In April 2015, he was promoted to the position of Advisor to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques with the rank of minister.

Prince Mansour was also involved in business ventures and was a partner in the Saudi franchise of the American furniture company Ethan Allen.

He died in a helicopter crash near Abha on November 5, 2017, at the age of 43 or 44.

## References
Landmark Worldwide

**Landmark Worldwide** (formerly Landmark Education), or simply Landmark, is a company offering self-improvement programs. It was founded in January 1991. As of 2013 the company had reported that more than 2.4 million people had participated in its programs since 1991. It is linked to EST (which stands for Erhard Seminars Training), and has been accused of being a cult.

EST was known for the instructor abusing the participants all the time. Especially the phrases "assholes! everyone", "Perfect!" and "standing is booking (continue standing)" were often parodied and ridiculed. The ultimate ideals of Landmark (also EST) are in the extraordinary human transformation and in "Being a Master of Life".

Landmark have many kinds of course programs like Scientology within English-speaking countries; in the 20th century, Landmark's course programs were limited. Landmark urge existing participants to invite others. Landmark calls it "enrollment", but critics often compare its system to zombies.

## Related pages
*Mind control
*Endorphins

## References
## Other websites
*Lamdmark forum
*Landmark (est) parody
Robert Knight

**Robert Knight** (born **Robert Peebles**, April 24, 1945 &ndash; November 5, 2017) was an American R&B singer. He was born in Franklin, Tennessee. He was best known for the 1967 recording of the song "Everlasting Love".

Knight died at home in Nashville, Tennessee on November 5, 2017 after a short-illness, aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
* Oldies.com Biography on Robert Knight
* CMT.com artists page: Robert Knight
Feliciano Rivilla

**Feliciano Muñoz Rivilla** (21 August 1936 – 6 November 2017) was a Spanish footballer who played as a defender. He was born in Ávila, Spain.

Rivilla made 26 appearances for the Spain national football team, and was in the team for the 1962 FIFA World Cup, the 1964 European Football Championship (where Spain won the title), and the 1966 FIFA World Cup.

Rivilla died on 6 November 2017 in Madrid, Spain at the age of 81.

## Honours
**Atlético Madrid**
*La Liga: 1965–66
*Copa del Generalísimo: 1959–60, 1960–61, 1964–65

## References
## Other websites
* National team data at BDFutbol
* 
* Mundo Deportivo profile  / Mundo Deportivo profile
Finn Wolfhard

**Finn Wolfhard** (born December 23, 2002) is a Canadian actor and musician. He is best known for starring as Mike Wheeler in the Netflix series *Stranger Things*. He also appeared in the 2017 movie *It* as Richie Tozier and the television series *Supernatural*. He was part of the band "The Aubreys" and the lead singer and guitarist of the rock band Calpurnia until 2019. The *Stranger Things* star is currently taken by Jessica Nolan.

Wolfhard was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. He has a German, French and Jewish background.

## References
## Other websites
*
Millie Bobby Brown

**Millie Bobby Brown** (born 19 February 2004) is a British actress and producer. She began acting in 2013. She is best known for her role as Eleven in the Netflix series *Stranger Things* (since 2016). The role gave her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. She appeared in the 2019 *Godzilla* sequel, *Godzilla: King of the Monsters and played a starring role in Enola Holmes*. Brown has also starred in the music video of the Maroon 5 song "Girls Like You". She has also released a line of makeup and skincare called “Florence by Mills”

Brown was born in Marbella, Andalusia, Spain, to British parents. She grew up in Bournemouth, England. She follows the Premier League football club Liverpool.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
### Music videos
### Video games
## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
*