August 22

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 392 &ndash; Arbogast is elected Roman Emperor.
* 476 &ndash; Odoacer is proclaimed, by West Roman mercenaries, as *Rex Italiae*, King of Italy.
* 1138 &ndash; Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England near Northallerton, Yorkshire.
* 1485 &ndash; The Battle of Bosworth Field decisively ends the Wars of the Roses. Richard III of England dies, and Henry VII of England takes over, starting the period with the Tudor Dynasty ruling England, lasting until 1603.
* 1559 &ndash; Bartholome de Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.
* 1639 &ndash; Madras (now Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India) is founded by the British East India Company.
* 1642 &ndash; Charles I calls the English Parliament traitors. Beginning of the English Civil War
* 1654 &ndash; Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first Jewish immigrant to what is later the United States
* 1717 &ndash; Spanish troops land on Sardinia
* 1770 &ndash; James Cook's expedition lands on the east coast of Australia
* 1775 &ndash; King George III declares the American colonies to be in open rebellion
* 1777 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix, after hearing rumors of Continental Army reinforcements.
* 1780 &ndash; James Cook's ship *Resolution* returns to England (Cook having been killed on Hawaii during the voyage)
* 1791 &ndash; Beginning of the Haitian Slave Revolution
* 1827 &ndash; Jose de la Mar becomes President of Peru.
* 1832 &ndash; Dressed as an Arab, Swiss Jean Louis Burckhardt reaches Petra, the famous rock city in Jordan. In Europe, it had until then only been rumored to exist.
* 1848 &ndash; The United States annexes New Mexico.
* 1851 &ndash; Gold is discovered in Australia.
* 1851 &ndash; The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.
* 1864 &ndash; Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention. The Red Cross is formed.
* 1875 &ndash; The Treaty of Saint Petersburg is ratified between Russia and Japan, providing for exchange between Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands.

### From 1901 
* 1902 &ndash; Cadillac Motor Company is founded
* 1902 &ndash; Theodore Roosevelt became the first President of the United States to ride in an automobile
* 1910 &ndash; Japan annexes Korea.
* 1911 &ndash; The theft of the *Mona Lisa* is discovered, after being stolen in the night from August 21.
* 1914 &ndash; In Belgium, British and German troops meet for the first time in World War I
* 1922 &ndash; Michael Collins, Commander-in-Chief of the Irish Free State Army is shot dead during an anti-treaty ambush at Beal na mBlath, County Cork during the Irish Civil War.
* 1926 &ndash; Gold is discovered in Johannesburg, South Africa.
* 1930 &ndash; Peruvian President Augusto B. Leguia y Salcedo is deposed in a coup led by General Luis Miguel Sanchez Cerro.
* 1932 &ndash; The BBC experiments with television broadcasting.
* 1934 &ndash; Australian Bill Woodfull becomes the first cricket captain to regain The Ashes twice. The Ashes is a series of fives matches played between Australia and England.
* 1941 &ndash; German troops reach Leningrad, leading to the Siege of Leningrad
* 1942 &ndash; Brazil declares war on the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan)
* 1944 &ndash; Last transport of French Jews to concentration camps in Germany
* 1944 &ndash; 32 Spaniards and 4 Frenchmen tackle a German column (1,300 men in 60 lorries, with six tanks and two self-propelled guns), at La Madeleine, France. Three Maquis wounded, 110 Germans killed, 200 wounded.
* 1950 &ndash; Althea Gibson becomes the first black competitor in international tennis.
* 1952 &ndash; France permanently closes the Devil's Island penal colony off French Guiana. French convicts were often sent there.
* 1961 &ndash; Ida Siekmann falls to her death in an attempt to cross the Berlin Wall.
* 1962 &ndash; An attempt to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle fails
* 1962 &ndash; The *Savannah*, the world's first nuclear-powered ship, completes its maiden voyage
* 1968 &ndash; Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogotá, Colombia. It is the first visit of a pope to Latin America.
* 1971 &ndash; Hugo Banzer takes power in Bolivia.
* 1972 &ndash; Rhodesia is expelled by the International Olympic Committee for its racist policies.
* 1973 &ndash; United States Secretary of State William P. Rogers resigns. Henry Kissinger succeeds him.
* 1975 &ndash; An attempt to assassinate US President Gerald Ford fails.
* 1978 &ndash; The Sandinista Liberation Front occupies the national palace in Managua, Nicaragua.
* 1981 &ndash; The Voyager 2 space probe photographs Saturn's moon Iapetus.
* 1985 &ndash; The Manchester Air Disaster occurs when 55 people are killed after a fire breaks out on a commercial aircraft at Manchester International Airport.
* 1988 &ndash; The Australian *koala*, the first platinum coin, is issued.
* 1989 &ndash; The first ring of Neptune is discovered
* 1989 &ndash; Nolan Ryan strikes out Rickey Henderson to become the first Major League Baseball pitcher to record 5000 strikeouts.
* 1992 &ndash; FBI HRT sniper Lon Horiuchi shot and killed Vicki Weaver during an 11-day siege at her home at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.
* 1996 &ndash; US President Bill Clinton signs welfare reform into law.
* 2001 &ndash; The Trojan Room coffee pot is switched off for the last time.
* 2004 &ndash; The Scream and The Madonna by Edvard Munch is stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway.
* 2006 &ndash; Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 crashes in eastern Ukraine, killing 170 people.
* 2007 &ndash; Major League Baseball: The Texas Rangers defeat the Baltimore Orioles 30–3.
* 2011 &ndash; 2011 Libyan civil war: Rebel forces advance on Tripoli, as the war enters its final phase.
* 2015 &ndash; A plane at an airshow in Shoreham, Southern England, crashes onto a motorway, killing 11 people.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1412 &ndash; Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (d. 1464)
* 1485 &ndash; Beatus Rhenanus, German humanist (d. 1547)
* 1601 &ndash; Georges de Scudéry, French writer (d. 1667)
* 1647 &ndash; Denis Papin, French inventor (pressure cooker) (d. around 1712)
* 1724 &ndash; Jens Schielderup Sneedorff, Danish author and professor of political science (d. 1764)
* 1760 &ndash; Pope Leo XII (d. 1829)
* 1764 &ndash; Charles Percier, French architect (d. 1838)
* 1771 &ndash; Henry Maudslay, inventor and tool-maker (d. 1831)
* 1773 &ndash; Aime Bonpland, French explorer (d. 1858)
* 1778 &ndash; James Kirke Paulding, American politician, 11th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1860)
* 1800 &ndash; William S. Harney, American general (d. 1889)
* 1800 &ndash; Edward Bouverie, English theologian (d. 1882)
* 1818 &ndash; Carlo Pisacane, Italian politician, guerrilla and writer (d. 1857)
* 1820 &ndash; Manolache Costache Epureanu, Romanian politician (d. 1880)
* 1822 &ndash; Virginia Clemm Poe, wife of Edgar Allan Poe (d. 1847)
* 1834 &ndash; Samuel Pierpoint Langley, American astronomer (d. 1906)
* 1845 &ndash; William Lewis Douglas, 42nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1924)
* 1846 &ndash; Amalie Skram, Norwegian-Danish writer and Women's Rights activist (d. 1905)
* 1847 &ndash; John Forrest, Australian explorer and politician, 1st Premier of Western Australia (d. 1918)
* 1854 &ndash; King Milan I of Serbia (d. 1901)
* 1857 &ndash; Ned Hanlon, American baseball player and manager (d. 1937)
* 1860 &ndash; Paul Nipkow, German inventor and television pioneer (d. 1940)
* 1860 &ndash; Eleonore Reuss of Koestritz, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria (d. 1917)
* 1860 &ndash; Gustaf Fröding, Swedish poet (d. 1911)
* 1862 &ndash; Claude Debussy, French composer (d. 1918)
* 1867 &ndash; Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician and nutritionist (d. 1939)
* 1873 &ndash; Alexander Bogdanov, Russian philosopher and physician (d. 1928)
* 1874 &ndash; Max Scheler, philosopher (d. 1928)
* 1880 &ndash; George Herriman, cartoonist (d. 1944)
* 1882 &ndash; Raymonde de Laroche, French pilot (d. 1919)
* 1884 &ndash; Panait Istrati, Romanian writer (d. 1935)
* 1885 &ndash; Thomas Cooke, American soccer player (d. 1964)
* 1887 &ndash; Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1977)
* 1888 &ndash; Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach, German general (d. 1976)
* 1893 &ndash; Dorothy Parker, American writer (d. 1967)
* 1893 &ndash; Wilfred Kitching, 7th General of the Salvation Army (d. 1977)
* 1896 &ndash; Frank Loomis, American athlete (d. 1971)
* 1900 &ndash; Sergei Ozhegov, Russian lexicographer (d. 1964)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Leni Riefenstahl, German movie director (d. 2003)
* 1903 &ndash; Francis Birch, English geophysicist (d. 1992)
* 1904 &ndash; Deng Xiaoping, leader of the People's Republic of China (d. 1997)
* 1906 &ndash; Stig Wennerström, Swedish spy (d. 2006)
* 1908 &ndash; Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer (d. 2004)
* 1909 &ndash; Mel Hein, American football player (d. 1992)
* 1909 &ndash; Julius J. Epstein, American screenwriter (d. 2000)
* 1911 &ndash; John J. Hickey, Governor of Wyoming (d. 1970)
* 1913 &ndash; Bruno Pontecorvo, Italian physicist (d. 1992)
* 1915 &ndash; Hugh Paddick, British actor (d. 2000)
* 1915 &ndash; Edward Szczepanik, Polish Prime Minister (d. 2005)
* 1915 &ndash; James Hiller, Canadian-American scientist (d. 2007)
* 1917 &ndash; John Lee Hooker, American blues guitarist and singer (d. 2001)
* 1917 &ndash; Oscar E. Huber, American politician (d. 2017)
* 1918 &ndash; Said Mohamed Djohar, President of the Comoros (d. 2006)
* 1920 &ndash; Ray Bradbury, American writer (d. 2012)
* 1920 &ndash; Doctor Denton Cooley, American heart surgeon (d. 2016)
* 1924 &ndash; James Kirkwood Jr., novelist (d. 1989)
* 1924 &ndash; Ada Jafri, Pakistani poet and author (d. 2015)
* 1925 &ndash; Honor Blackman, British actress
* 1928 &ndash; Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer (d. 2007)
* 1928 &ndash; Tinga Seisay, Sierra Leonean diplomat and activist
* 1930 &ndash; Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian footballer (d. 2013)
* 1932 &ndash; Gerald P. Carr, American astronaut
* 1933 &ndash; Sylva Koscina, Croatian–Italian actress
* 1933 &ndash; Michael von Albrecht, German classical scholar
* 1934 &ndash; Norman Schwarzkopf, American general (d. 2012)
* 1935 &ndash; E. Annie Proulx, Canadian Pulitzer Prize–winning writer
* 1936 &ndash; Petar Mladenov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 2000)
* 1937 &ndash; Francesco Musso, Italian boxer
* 1938 &ndash; Paul Maguire, American football player
* 1939 &ndash; George Reinholt, actor
* 1939 &ndash; Carl Yastrzemski, American Baseball Hall of Famer
* 1939 &ndash; Valerie Harper, American actress (d. 2019)
* 1941 &ndash; Bill Parcells, American football coach
* 1942 &ndash; Kathy Lennon, American singer
* 1942 &ndash; Ugur Mumcu, Turkish journalist and writer (d. 1993)
* 1942 &ndash; Joe Klein, American baseball executive (d. 2017)
* 1943 &ndash; Alun Michael, Welsh politician
* 1943 &ndash; Masatoshi Shima, Japanese computer scientist
* 1945 &ndash; David Chase, American screenwriter, director and producer
* 1945 &ndash; Ron Dante, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1947 &ndash; Robert E. Cramer, American politician
* 1947 &ndash; Donna Godchaux, American singer (Grateful Dead)
* 1947 &ndash; Cindy Williams, actress
* 1948 &ndash; David Marks, American songwriter and musician
* 1950 &ndash; Lewis Libby, American White House counsel

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Chandra Prakash Mainali, Nepalese politician
* 1953 &ndash; Paul Ellering, American weightlifter, wrestler and manager
* 1955 &ndash; Will Shetterly, writer
* 1956 &ndash; Paul Molitor, American Baseball Hall of Famer
* 1957 &ndash; Steve Davis, English snooker player
* 1958 &ndash; Colm Feore, American-Canadian actor
* 1958 &ndash; Vernon Reid, musician (Living Colour)
* 1959 &ndash; Pia Gjellerup, Danish politician
* 1959 &ndash; Mark Williams, English actor and screenwriter
* 1960 &ndash; Collin Raye, American country music singer and songwriter
* 1960 &ndash; Regina Taylor, American actress
* 1961 &ndash; Debbi Peterson, drummer (The Bangles)
* 1961 &ndash; Roland Orzabal, singer and guitarist (Tears for Fears)
* 1961 &ndash; Andrés Calamaro, Argentine musician and composer
* 1961 &ndash; Thomas Hoeren, German law professor 
* 1962 &ndash; Viktor Bryzhin, Ukrainian sprinter
* 1962 &ndash; Ilkka Laitinen, Finnish military officer and politician (d. 2019)
* 1963 &ndash; Tori Amos, American singer, songwriter, and pianist
* 1964 &ndash; Mats Wilander, Swedish tennis player
* 1964 &ndash; Andrew Wilson, American actor
* 1966 &ndash; Paul Ereng, Kenyan athlete
* 1966 &ndash; Rob Witschge, Dutch footballer
* 1967 &ndash; Yukiko Okada, Japanese singer (d. 1986)
* 1967 &ndash; Layne Staley, American musician (Alice in Chains) (d. 2002)
* 1967 &ndash; Ty Burrell, American actor and comedian
* 1967 &ndash; Adewode Akinnouye-Agbaje, British actor
* 1968 &ndash; Elisabeth Murdoch, Australian businesswoman
* 1969 &ndash; Paola Epifani, Italian artist
* 1970 &ndash; Giada De Laurentiis, Italian-American chef and author
* 1971 &ndash; Richard Armitage, British actor
* 1972 &ndash; Paul Doucette, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and drummer
* 1972 &ndash; Steve Kline, American baseball player and coach
* 1973 &ndash; Howie Dorough, American singer-songwriter, dancer and actor (Backstreet Boys)
* 1973 &ndash; Kristin Wiig, American actress and comedienne
* 1975 &ndash; Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor

### From 1976 
* 1977 &ndash; Heidar Helguson, Icelandic footballer
* 1977 &ndash; Jenna Leigh Green, American actress and singer
* 1978 &ndash; Jeff Stinco, Canadian musician (Simple Plan)
* 1978 &ndash; James Corden, English actor and television personality
* 1979 &ndash; Jennifer Finnigan, Canadian actress
* 1979 &ndash; Mia Audina, Indonesian–Dutch badminton player
* 1980 &ndash; Aya Sumika, American actress
* 1981 &ndash; Alex Holmes, American Football player
* 1982 &ndash; Marco Wölfli, Swiss footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Laura Breckenridge, American actress
* 1983 &ndash; Theo Bos, Dutch motorcycle racer
* 1984 &ndash; Lawrence Quaye, Ghanaian–Qatari footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Keiko Kitagawa, Japanese actress
* 1986 &ndash; Monsieur Adi, French musician, record producer and DJ
* 1986 &ndash; Janis Vahter, Estonian basketball player
* 1987 &ndash; Mischa Zverev, Russian-German tennis player
* 1991 &ndash; Federico Macheda, Italian footballer
* 1991 &ndash; Brayden Schenn, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1994 &ndash; Olli Maatta, Finnish ice hockey player
* 1995 &ndash; Dua Lipa, English singer and songwriter
* 1999 &ndash; Dakota Goyo, Canadian actor

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 408 &ndash; Stilicho, Roman general (b. 359)
* 1155 &ndash; Emperor Konoe of Japan (b. 1139)
* 1188 &ndash; Ferdinand II of Leon (b. 1137)
* 1241 &ndash; Pope Gregory IX
* 1280 &ndash; Pope Nicholas III (b. 1216)
* 1304 &ndash; John II, Count of Holland (b. 1247)
* 1350 &ndash; King Philip VI of France (b. 1293)
* 1358 &ndash; Isabella, Queen of England (b. 1295)
* 1456 &ndash; Vladislav II of Wallachia
* 1485 &ndash; King Richard III of England (b. 1452)
* 1532 &ndash; William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1450)
* 1553 &ndash; John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (b. 1504)
* 1554 &ndash; Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, Spanish conquistador (b. 1510)
* 1572 &ndash; Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (b. 1528)
* 1584 &ndash; Jan Kochanowski, Polish poet (b. 1530)
* 1599 &ndash; Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (b. 1553)
* 1652 &ndash; Jacob de La Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (b. 1583)
* 1680 &ndash; John George II, Elector of Saxony (b. 1613)
* 1701 &ndash; John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English royalist statesman (b. 1628)
* 1752 &ndash; William Whiston, English mathematician, historian and theologian (b. 1667)
* 1793 &ndash; Louis de Noailles, Marshal of France (b. 1713)
* 1806 &ndash; Jean-Honore Fragonard, French painter (b. 1732)
* 1818 &ndash; Warren Hastings, English politician, 1st Governor of Bengal (b. 1732)
* 1850 &ndash; Nikolaus Lenau, Austrian writer (b. 1802)
* 1861 &ndash; Xianfeng, Chinese Emperor (b. 1830)
* 1890 &ndash; Vasile Alecsandri, Romanian poet, writer and politician (b. 1821)
* 1891 &ndash; Jan Neruda, Czech writer (b. 1834)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1903 &ndash; Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1830)
* 1922 &ndash; Michael Collins, Irish political leader (b. 1890)
* 1940 &ndash; Gerald Strickland, British statesman (b. 1861)
* 1940 &ndash; Isidro Goma y Tomas, Spanish cardinal (b. 1869)
* 1942 &ndash; Michel Fokine, Russian dancer and choreographer (b. 1880)
* 1944 &ndash; Luigi Maglione, Italian cardinal (b. 1877)
* 1958 &ndash; Roger Martin du Gard, French writer (b. 1881)
* 1961 &ndash; Ida Siekmann, victim of the Berlin Wall (b. 1902)
* 1965 &ndash; Ellen Church, American flight attendant (b. 1904)
* 1967 &ndash; Gregory Goodwin Pincus, American biologist (b. 1903)
* 1976 &ndash; Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, President of Brazil (b. 1902)
* 1977 &ndash; Sebastian Cabot, English-born actor (b. 1918)
* 1978 &ndash; Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya (b. 1891)
* 1980 &ndash; Alfred Neubauer, German racing team manager (b. 1891)
* 1986 &ndash; Celal Bayar, 3rd President of Turkey (b. 1883)
* 1989 &ndash; Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, Russian engineer (b. 1906)
* 1989 &ndash; Huey Newton, American activist (b. 1942)
* 1991 &ndash; Boris Pugo, Soviet-Latvian politician (b. 1937)
* 1993 &ndash; Kasdi Merbah, Algerian politician
* 2000 &ndash; Abulfaz Elchibey, President of Azerbaijan (b. 1938)

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; Imperio Argentina, Argentine singer and actress (b. 1906)
* 2004 &ndash; Angus Bethune, Premier of Tasmania (b. 1908)
* 2005 &ndash; Luc Ferrari, French composer (b. 1929)
* 2008 &ndash; Rubens de Falco, Brazilian actor (b. 1931)
* 2010 &ndash; Stjepan Bobek, Croatian footballer (b. 1923)
* 2011 &ndash; Jack Layton, Canadian politician, leader of the New Democratic Party (b. 1950)
* 2011 &ndash; Loriot, German humorist, cartoonist, actor and writer (b. 1923)
* 2011 &ndash; Jerry Leiber, American songwriter (b. 1933)
* 2012 &ndash; Paul Shan Kuo-hsi, Chinese cardinal and archbishop (b. 1923)
* 2013 &ndash; Jetty Paerl, Dutch singer (b. 1921)
* 2014 &ndash; U. R. Ananthamurthy, Indian writer and critic (b. 1932)
* 2014 &ndash; Emmanuel Kriaras, Greek lexicographer and philologist (b. 1906)
* 2014 &ndash; John S. Waugh, American chemist (b. 1929)
* 2014 &ndash; Jack Harris, Australian golfer (b. 1922)
* 2015 &ndash; Arthur Morris, Australian cricketer (b. 1922)
* 2015 &ndash; Ieng Thirith, Cambodian politician (b. 1932)
* 2015 &ndash; Merl Reagle, American crossword compiler (b. 1950)
* 2015 &ndash; Jörg Schneider, Swiss actor and comedian (b. 1935)
* 2015 &ndash; Mariem Hassan, Sahrawi singer (b. 1958)
* 2016 &ndash; Sellapan Ramanathan, President of Singapore (b. 1924)
* 2016 &ndash; Toots Thielemans, Belgian jazz musician (b. 1922)
* 2017 &ndash; John Abercrombie, American jazz guitarist (b. 1944)
* 2017 &ndash; Alain Berbérian, Lebanese-born French film director and screenwriter (b. 1953)
* 2017 &ndash; Tony deBrum, Marshallese politician (b. 1945)
* 2017 &ndash; Rishang Keishing, Indian politician (b. 1920)
* 2017 &ndash; Matthew Kia Yen-wen, Taiwanese archbishop (b. 1925)
* 2017 &ndash; Tom Pritchard, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1917)
* 2017 &ndash; Jim Whelan, American politician (b. 1948)
* 2017 &ndash; Michael J. C. Gordon, British computer scientist (b. 1948)
* 2017 &ndash; Pedro Pedrossian, Brazilian politician (b. 1928)
* 2018 &ndash; Tullio Ilomets, Estonian chemist and science historian (b. 1921)
* 2018 &ndash; Ed King, American guitarist (b. 1949)
* 2018 &ndash; Lazy Lester, American blues guitarist (b. 1933)
* 2018 &ndash; Richard Kadison, American mathematician (b. 1925)
* 2019 &ndash; Junior Agogo, Ghanaian footballer (b. 1979)
* 2019 &ndash; Gary Ray Bowles, American serial killer (b. 1962)
* 2019 &ndash; Tim Fischer, Australian politician (b. 1946)
* 2019 &ndash; Tom Nissalke, American basketball coach (b. 1932)

## Observances 
* Flag Day (Russia)