open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
The Simpsons Sing the Blues

***The Simpsons Sing the Blues*** is an album of songs sung by the characters from *The Simpsons*. The songs are not on the television series, except for "Moaning Lisa Blues". The album was released in early December 1990. It included many songs, including "Do the Bartman" and "Deep Deep Trouble". The most notable, however, was Lisa Simpson's version of "God Bless the Child" (originally by Billie Holiday). That song was a major hit during early 1991.
George Monbiot

**George Joshua Richard Monbiot** (born 27 January 1963) is an English writer and activist. He writes for *The Guardian* every week about environment issues. Seven of his books have been published. In 1995, Nelson Mandela gave him a *United Nations Global 500 Award*.
## Early life
Monbiot was born in Kensington, London. Both his parents worked in politics. He grew up in a house in Henley-on-Thames. He went to Stowe School. He then won a scholarship to study at Brasenose College, Oxford. He did a Master's degree in zoology there.
## Career
After he got his degree, Monbiot made radio programmes about natural history for the BBC Natural History Unit. Then he left and joined the BBC's World Service. He left to write his first book, *Poisoned Arrows*. Monbiot cast in the 2009 movie *The Age of Stupid*. In 2013, Monbiot's book *Feral: Searching for Enchantment on the Frontiers of Rewilding* was published. In July 2013, he gave a TED talk about *Feral*.
## Personal life
Monbiot lived for a time in Wales with his wife Angharad Penrhyn Jones. He has since relocated to South Devon .
## References
Ola Orekunrin

**Ola Orekunrin** (born 1986 / 1987) is a Nigerian-British doctor and entrepreneur.

## Early life
Orekunrin was raised by foster parents in Lowestoft. She started studying Medicine at the University of York in England when she was fifteen.

## Career
Orekunrin became a doctor when she was twenty one. This made her one of the United Kingdom's youngest doctors. She started a charity called Flying Doctors Nigeria Lt in Lagos in 2007. It is West Africa's first air ambulance service. In 2008 she was given the MEXT Japanese Government Scholarship. In 2012 she gave a talk at TEDxSendai and TEDxVictoriaIsland. She was on the cover of *Ladybrille magazine*. In 2013 the World Economic Forum put her on their list of Young Global Leaders.

## References
Food group

A **food group** is a collection of foods that have nutritional properties or biological classifications that are almost the same. People have written nutrition guides to put different foods into food groups and recommend daily servings of each group for a healthy diet.

## Common food groups
* **Dairy**, also called **milk products**, is sometimes grouped together with milk alternatives or meat. This is usually a small

er category in nutrition guides. Some examples of dairy products ae milk, butter, yogurt and cheese, and most nutrition guides put them in a different place from other food groups.
* **Fruits**, sometimes grouped together with vegetables, have apples, oranges, bananas, berries and lemons. Fruits are carbohydrates, like sugar, dairy, grains, and starches.
* **Grains**, also called **cereals** sometimes have potatoes and other starches. This is mostly the largest group in nutrition guides. or basic part of the guide. Water is sometimes grouped with tea, fruit juice, vegetable juice and even soup, and is recommended to be drunk in large amounts.

## Uncommon food groups
The number of "common" food groups can change depending on who is defining them. Canada's Food Guide, which has been printed every year since 1942 and is the second most requested government document (after the income tax form) in Canada, recognizes only four official food groups, with all other foods called "another." Some of these "others" include:
* **Alcohol** is put away from other food groups and recommended only for certain people in moderation by Harvard's Healthy Eating Pyramid and the University of Michigan's Healing Foods Pyramid,

## References
Dolmabahçe Palace

**Dolmabahçe Palace** is a palace in the Beşiktaş district on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey. It is on the coast of the Bosphorus. It was the official residence of the Ottoman Sultans and the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1922 marking the beginning of constitutional governance. Construction of the palace started in 1843. After the Ottoman Empire ended in 1922 and Turkey became a republic in 1923, it became a museum.

## References
## Other websites
* Dolmabahce Palace History, photos, opening hours and opinions
* Dolmabahçe Palace  Official website
* National Palaces in Turkey  Official website
Siraj ud-Daulah

**Siraj ud-Daulah** (born Mirza Muhammad Suraj ud-Daulah) (1733 &ndash; 2 July 1757) was the last independent Nawab of Bengal. The end of his reign marked the start of the rule of the East India Company over the region of Bengal and later almost all of Indian subcontinent.Before all these he was the one who helped Alivardi of Khan resist all the 5 invasions of Maratha Confederacy, and 1 invasion of Durrani Empire, he also helped Alivardi in 3 tackle attack on Maratha Confederacy, and 1 tackle attack on Durrani Empire. His reign of just 1 year extended the control of  the Nawab of Bengal from Chhattisgarh to Parts of Thailand.

## Biography of Siraj-ud-Dllah Dallah khan Wala Muslim 
•Siraj-ud-Daulah Sah-kuli-Kha Mirza Muhammad Haibatjonge Bahadur was born in Murshidabad,Bengal on 1733 to Zain-Ud-Din--Khan(Father), and Amina Begum(Mother) to a Shia Muslim family.
•His father was the Diwan of Bihar under the Nawab of Bengal Alivardi Khan.
•His mother was the youngest daughter of Nawab of Bengal Alivardi Khan(Father), and Sharf-Un-Nissa Begum(Mother).
•He was very brave since His childhood, and educationally strong, and intelligent too. He was the scholar of 9 languages, and was really good at Maths, and Science. Because Alivardi Khan wanted him to do so. He studied with his two childhood friend Mir Madan, and Mohanlal.
•His first war in his whole life was at The age of 9 years with Alivardi Khan at the age of 71 years with just 2,500 soldiers against the army of Raghoji Bhonsle, and Bhaskar Pandit with 20,000 soldiers.
•He has killed an Asian Lion without any weapons at age of just 13 years.
•During The Third Battle of Katwa, he defeated 32,000 soldiers of Sikh with just 5,000 specialised cavalry soldiers.
•During the First Battle of Siliguri He, and Alivardi Khan together with just 45,000 soldiers attacked, and defeated the 92,850 soldiers of Durrani Empire under Emperor Jahan-Bakht-Khan.
•During The Second Battle of Haldigram Commander Manikchand of Banga Jala Bahini (Bengal Navy) under Siraj with 45 vessels attacked, and defeated The East India Company Navy with 52 vessels, because of the technological advancement of the Bengal Navy.
•During The siege of Calcutta Siraj, and Mohanlal took just 50 soldiers, attacked, and defeated the 4,000 soldiers of East India Company in Fort William, Calcutta.

## Reign as Nawab Advik 
Siraj ud-Daulah received the title of "Mansur-ul-Mulk, Seraj-ud-Daulla, Ghaseti Begum" (Victory of the Country, Light of the State, Horror in War). He was to succeed as the Nawab of Bengal in April 1756 AD at the age of twenty-seven. Siraj Ud-Daulah's nomination to the nawabship caused jealousy and enmity of *Mehar-un-nisa Begum* or *Ghaseti Begum*(eldest sister of Siraj's Mother Amina Begum), Raja Rajballabh, Mir Jafar Ali Khan and *Shaukat Jang*(Siraj's Cousin). Ghaseti Begum possessed huge wealth, which was the source of her influence and strength. On Receiving serious opposition from her, Siraj ud-Daulah seized her wealth from Moti Jheel Palace and placed her in confinement. The *nawab* also made certain changes in high government positions giving them to his favorites.

## References
Green Templeton College, Oxford

**Green Templeton College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 2008, when Green College and Templeton College merged. It is the newest college at Oxford.

The former Green College was formed in 1979, and was named after one of its largest donors, Cecil H. Green, the founder of Texas Instruments. 

The former Templeton College was originally formed in 1965 as the Oxford Center for Management Studies.  It was renamed Templeton College in 1983 after John Templeton donated a large endowment.  In 1995, Templeton College was granted a charter as a graduate college of the University.

Green Templeton College is a graduate college only. It does not have any undergraduate students.

The college is located at the former Green College campus in North Oxford.  Its most notable building is the Radcliffe Observatory at the center of the campus.
NXT Tag Team Championship

The **NXT Tag Team Championship** is a professional wrestling tag team championship in WWE. The title is an NXT-only championship.

## History
The title was presented by special guest Shawn Michaels on the January 23, 2013 edition of *NXT*. He announced that there would be a tournament held to crown the first champions. A team called British Ambition (whose members were Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey) beat a team called The Wyatt Family (Luke Harper and Erick Rowan) to become the first champions on January 31, 2013 (but it could not be watched on TV until February 13). In their first match for the title, Neville and Bo Dallas fought the Wyatt Family because Grey was hurt badly and could not fight. Neville and Dallas lost. Neville and Corey Graves beat the Wyatt Family for the titles on June 20 (shown on TV on July 17) and Neville became the first wrestler to win the title twice. At NXT TakeOver: The End in June 2016, The Revival (Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson) became the first team to win the title twice by beating American Alpha (Chad Gable and Jason Jordan). 

## Reigns
Right now, the champions are The Vanity Project (Brad Baylor and Ricky Smokes), who are in their first reign, both as a team and individually.They won the titles by defeating DarkState (Osiris Griffin and Saquon Shugars) on the February 24, 2026, episode of *NXT* in Orlando, Florida.

## Combined reigns
 and Murphy (with Alexa Bliss) with the first championship design (2013–2017)]]
As of  , .

### By team
### By wrestler
## Footnotes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Official NXT Tag Team Championship title history
*
Kellogg College, Oxford

**Kellogg College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1990 as "Rewley House". It was renamed as Kellogg College in 1994 to honor large financial donations from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. 

Kellogg College only admits graduate students. It does not have any undergraduate students. It was the first college at the University to allow part-time students.
Palace of Fine Arts (Mexico)

The **Palace of Fine Arts** () is the most important cultural center in Mexico. It is located in the historic center of Mexico City. The building has several murals by Diego Rivera, Siqueiros and others. Exhibitions and theatrical performances take place here, including performances of the Ballet Folklorico de Mexico.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Palacio de Bellas Artes website
*Palacio de Bellas Artes - Insight
Julianna Barwick

**Julianna Barwick** is an American singer. She was born in Louisiana. She has released three albums. 

## Career
In 2006 Barwick released *Sanguine*. Her first album *The Magic Place* was released by Asthmatic Kitty Records on February 21, 2011. It got good reviews. Pitchfork gave it 8.5 out of 10. On June 14 2011, *FRKWYS Vol. 6* was released. It is an album that Barwick made with Ikue Mori. On August 20, 2013, *Nepenthe* was released by Dead Oceans Records. Amiina play string instruments in it. There is also a choir of teenage girls in it. *Pitchfork* said that it 'sounds like nobody else'. They gave it 8.5 out of 10. Barwick is currently doing a tour for the album.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Electric power distribution

]]
**Electric power distribution** is the delivery system of electricity to places that use it, such as homes and other buildings. It is done mainly by power lines, transformers, substations and meters. The electricity comes from the power station at high voltage and is delivered at medium to low voltage levels. 

In early days, electricity was distributed as direct current (DC). Alternating current (AC) was later introduced during the War of Currents. DC distribution disappeared because transformers can easily convert AC to high voltage for electric power transmission and low voltage to use at home.

## Configurations
* Radial network
* Loop network

## Related pages
*Nikola Tesla

Electric power distribution transformer solutions丨Welldone Power. *www.welldonepower.com*. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
Apollo 8 Genesis reading

On December 24, 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 read from the Book of Genesis on a television broadcast of their mission as they orbited the moon. Bill Anders, Jim Lovell, and Frank Borman read verses 1 through 10, using the Authorized King James Version text. This was the most watched television broadcast at the time of its broadcast.

## Readings
;Bill Anders : "We are now approaching lunar sunrise, and for all the people back on Earth, the crew of Apollo 8 has a message that we would like to send to you. 'In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep.And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.'"
 
;Jim Lovell : "And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day."

;Frank Borman : "'And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.'And from the crew of Apollo 8, we close with good night, good luck, a Merry Christmas&nbsp;– and God bless all of you, all of you on the good Earth."

## References
Electricity meter

]]

An **electricity meter** (or **energy meter**) is a device that measures the amount of electricity used by a house or business. Measurements are usually taken in kilowatt hours (kWh).

## History
Electricity meters became popular when more and more houses were connected to electricity in the 1880s. Instead of charging the homes based on how many electricity loads they had, charging on how much electricity they used became more accurate and fair.

## Types of electricity meter
### Electromechanical meters
This type electricity meter uses the force generated by current when passing through magnetic field to rotate a spinning disk inside the meter. The disk is then turn the number to indicate how much electricity has been used which is recorded by the meter.

### Electronic meters
This type of electricity meter converts electricity directly with an analogue-to-digital converter inside a microprocessor to get the exact electricity usage reading.

## Security
Electricity meters can easily be tampered with. This may allow the customers to use electricity for free. Tampering with electricity meters is illegal and can carry fines or legal actions.
Alicia Vikander

**Alicia Vikander** (born October 3, 1988) is a Swedish actress. She will play Alice Deane in *Seventh Son*. She has also been in lots of other movies, such as the 2015 *Ex Machina* and the 2018 Tomb Raider.

Vikander was born in Gothenburg, Sweden.

## References
Seventh Son

***Seventh Son*** is a 2014 action fantasy movie directed by Sergei Bodrov. The movie is set during the medieval period. In this movie are Julianne Moore, Alicia Vikander and Jeff Bridges. This movie was released in the United States on February 6, 2015. The studio which distributes *Seventh Son* is Universal Pictures.

## Resources
Bat For Lashes

**Natasha Khan** (born 25 October 1979) is a British singer-songwriter better known as **Bat For Lashes**. She is the daughter of Pakistani squash player Rehmat Khan. Her first album, *Fur and Gold*, was released by The Echo Label on 11 September 2006 in the United Kingdom. It got good reviews. It was nominated for the 2007 Mercury Prize. In 2008 Khan performed at some of the shows in Radiohead's tour. She did a cover of The Cure's song "A Forest". It was put on *Perfect as Cats: A Tribute to the Cure*. On 3 April 2009 her second album *Two Suns* was released. It went straight to No.5 in the UK Albums Chart. Like *Fur and Gold* it was nominated for the Mercury Prize but didn't win. The first single from the album, "Daniel", is her best-selling single so far. It has sold over 46,000 copies around the world. It won Best Contemporary Song at the 2010 Ivor Novello Awards. Khan sang a song with Beck called "Let's Get Lost" for the soundtrack to the 2010 movie *The Twilight Saga: Eclipse*. Bat For Lashes' third album, *The Haunted Man*, was released on 11 October 2012. Pitchfork gave it 8.4 out of 10.

In July 2013 Bat For Lashes released a single with Toy called "The Bride".

In 2013 Khan wrote and sung a song with Jon Hopkins called "Garden's Heart". It was released as a single. It is on the soundtrack to the film *How I Live Now*. Khan directed the music video.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Operation Restore Hope

The **Operation Restore Hope** was an operation of the United States and many of its allied countries in Somalia. The operation was protected by the United Nations. The United States was the leader of this operation. Somalia was in civil war and many people were dying from hunger in this country. The goal of this operation was creating suitable conditions and calming down the situation in Somalia for helping the Somali people who needed food in the southern part of this country.

After the killing of several Pakistani peacekeepers, the United Nations Security Council ordered the allied forces by the Resolution 837, that they can do anything for sending the humanitarian aid to the Somali people in accordance to Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. This operation was successful.

## References
Hank Green

**Hank Green** (born May 5, 1980) is an American YouTuber, author, and musician. He is the younger brother of John Green.

## Personal life
He lives with his wife Katherine Green, in Missoula, Montana. He was born in Alabama.

On May 19, 2023, Green announced that he had been diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma.

## Web projects
Hank and John have a YouTube channel called VlogBrothers. The brothers began the channel on January 1, 2007, when Hank made the channel's first video blog. Since then, Hank and John have been active on the channel, making videos back and forth. In the beginning of their channel's history, the videos were being made as a way to talk to each other without having to text. The two brothers made their goal to do this for a year, as a way to grow close to each other again, and called the project "Brotherhood 2.0."

Once 2007 ended, the brother said that the Brotherhood 2.0 project would end, but that they would continue making video blogs on the channel. Since then, the amount of fans of the channel, or as Hank and John call them, "Nerdfighters," have grown.

In 2007, Hank and John started "Project 4 Awesome," a charity fundraiser that takes place every year through the internet. Hank and John also started VidCon, a conference and convention held every year, beginning 2010.

In 2011, YouTube gave the Greens funds to start two educational channels, *Crash Course*, and *SciShow*. Hank hosts *SciShow*, which has videos on different science topics. On *Crash Course*, Hank teaches viewers science subjects, and started with biology.

In 2012, Hank made *The Lizzie Bennet Diaries*, a present-day adaptation of *Pride and Prejudice*, with producer Bernie Su. The show put up its episodes on YouTube, in a vlog diary style. Hank was an executive producer and a writer on the show. In 2013, the show won a Creative Arts Emmy Award in the "Interactive Media" category.

## Music career
Hank started a record label called DFTBA Records with Alan Lastufka in 2008.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Utility frequency

**Utility frequency**, **line frequency** or **mains frequency** is the frequency level of the AC electricity used in transmission and distribution from electricity generation sources to customers. The world's two major utility frequencies are 50&nbsp;Hz (most, but not all, of the Eastern hemisphere) and 60&nbsp;Hz (most, but not all, of the Western hemisphere).

Many electric railways in Europe use a frequency of 16.7 Hz (one third of 50 Hz). Early electric railways sometimes used 25 Hz (half of 50 Hz). New electric railways usually use the standard mains frequency of 50 Hz. Some lines in the northeast United States still use 25 Hz.
Power system harmonics

**Power system harmonics** are the harmonic contents from the utility frequency. Harmonics are one kind of  to a voltage or current's waveform. This distortion is produced by non-linear devices connected to the power system. Since equipment is made to work at the utility frequency, harmonics can make it work wrong. This is one kind of power quality problem. It increases heating in power equipment.

Harmonics can be eliminated or reduced by using harmonic filter.

## References
Eric del Castillo

**José Eduardo Eric del Castillo Negrete-Galván** (born July 22, 1934) is a well-known Mexican actor who appeared in many telenovelas and movies. He appeared in over 200 television or movies related to Mexico or voice dubbing since 1960. He has won several awards throughout his career.

del Castillo was born on July 22, 1934 in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. He is married to Kate Trillo. They have two children. He now lives in Mexico City, Mexico.

## Other websites
* 
* Eric del Castillo biography 
* Interview
* Information about life and career
Rogelio Guerra

**Hildegardo Francisco Guerra Martínez** (8 October 1936 in Aguascalientes, Mexico &ndash; 28 February 2018 in Mexico City) or **Rogelio Guerra**, was a Mexican movie actor and television actor. He has also sometimes worked as a voice actor. 

He appeared in over 200 Spanish sitcoms since his career began in 1957. He has also appeared on several international movies as a Spanish-dub actor such as Perry White in *Superman Returns*.

Guerra was born on 8 October 1936 in Aguascalientes, Mexico. He was married to Maribel Robles. Guerra died in Mexico City of a heart attack while suffering from complications of a stroke he had in 2015. He was 81 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Biography 
* Rogelio Guerra information 
* Rogelio Guerra on his career
New College of Florida

**New College of Florida** is a public liberal arts college in Sarasota, Florida, in the United States. It started as a private college in 1960. In 2001, it became public.

## Notable alumni 
Melissa Cristina Márquez

## Other websites
*Official website
Dušan Dragosavac

**Dušan Dragosavac** (; 1 December 1919 – 21 December 2014) was a former Yugoslav politician. He was a Serb from Croatia. He was the Chairman of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from 20 October 1981 until 20 June 1982.

He died on 21 December 2014, aged 95.

## References
## Other websites
* Dušan Dragosavac information
Ronda Rousey

**Ronda Jean Rousey** (born February 1, 1987) is an American professional wrestler, actress, former judoka, and mixed martial artist. She was most recently signed to WWE. She was also known for her time fighting in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and as an Olympic judoka.

In WWE, she is a two-time SmackDown Women's Champion, one-time Raw Women's Champion, one-time Women's Tag Team Champion, and the winner of the 2022 Royal Rumble. In the UFC, she was a one-time UFC Women's Bantamweight Champion and was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame in 2018. As a judoka, Rousey competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, where she won the bronze medal.

## Career 
She used to be the UFC Female Bantamweight Champion until November 2015 when she got defeated by American Holly Holm. It was her first ever loss. In December 2016 she tried to win the championship back but she got defeated by total knockout (TKO) just 48 seconds into the first round, this time by Brazilian Amanda Nunes. She then started a career in the WWE, which ran from 2018 to 2023.

## Personal life 
She is expected to also act in movies beginning in summer 2014. She acted in the 2014 movie *Expendables 3* and Fast & Furious 7.

She was born in the city of Riverside, California.

She has endorsed Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign for the 2016 United States presidential election. She and Travis Browne has two daughters was born 2021, and born 2025.

## Acting career
### Film
### Television
## Books
* 

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Ronda Rousey at 
* Ronda Rousey  at USA Judo
* Ronda Rousey at Judo Vision
* Ronda Rousey  at MMA Quotable
* Ronda Rousey  at AwakeningFighters.com
*
Pope Gelasius II

**Pope Gelasius II** (??? − 29 January 1119) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 24 January 1118 to his death in 29 January 1119.

He was born in Gaeta, Principality of Capua and died in Cluny, Duchy of Burgundy, Kingdom of France. He was ordained a priest on 9 March 1118 after he fled to Gaeta. He returned to Rome in July under Norman protection after he excommunicated Henry V and the antipope.

## References
Underground cable

An **underground cable** is a cable that works below the ground. It may be protected inside a pipe called a cable duct, or it may be directly buried. Underground cables distribute electrical power or telecommunications. Such cables are an alternative to overhead cables, which are several meters above the ground. Overhead cables are often replaced with underground cables. Downtown areas with many tall buildings usually have few or no cables above ground, This is mainly for aesthetic purposes because underground cables can not be seen. They are also less dangerous to people because they are out of the way. They cost more to install, but last longer.

Identifying a fault in underground cable may be difficult because it cannot be seen or accessed by test equipment  Faults are usually one of three different types. They can be short circuit, open circuit, or the breakdown of cable insulation. It requires testers like Underground Wire Locator to identify the fault.

## References
Tainan Mosque

The **Tainan Mosque** () is a mosque in Tainan, Taiwan. It is the sixth mosque in Taiwan, and the first and only mosque in Tainan. The mosque was built in 1996.

## History
A land was initially donated by an Chinese Muslim living in the United States to Taipei Grand Mosque. It was then transferred to Kaohsiung Mosque which managed the construction of the Tainan Mosque. Starting in 1983, they collected money for 10 years for the mosque construction, and the construction finally started in 1993 and the mosque was opened in 1996.

## Architecture
The mosque has four floors, which consists of prayer hall, shop, meeting room, ablution room and office.

## References
Cross-Strait relations

**Cross-strait relations** () is the relations between the governments of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). Neither government recognises one another. Both officially use the One-China policy. Under this policy, there is only one legitimate government of China. Both the PRC and the ROC claim to be that government.

Cross-strait relations are not international relations, where matters are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This is because both governments claim that each other's territory is part of their country. However, the relations are not purely domestic relations either.

Any interaction by the PRC's government with Taiwan is done by the Association of Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS). This is under the Taiwan Affairs Office of the PRC. Any interaction by the ROC's government with Mainland China is done by Strait Exchange Foundation (SEF) under the Mainland Affairs Council of the ROC.

## Views from each side
The PRC's view is that Taiwan is part of PRC under the *One Country, Two Systems* () policy. This policy was introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1984. The ROC's view is that Mainland China is part of the ROC under the '*One Country, Two Areas* () policy. This policy was introduced by Wu Po-hsiung in 2012.

However, currently both sides temporarily agree that both countries belong to One China. This was agreed under the *1992 consensus* () to facilitate cross-strait matters. The PRC regards Taiwan as part of the PRC, while the ROC regards Mainland China as part of the ROC.
Kowloon Masjid and Islamic Centre

The **Kowloon Mosque and Islamic Centre** () is a mosque and Islamic center in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. It is the largest mosque and second mosque to be built in Hong Kong.

## History
The original building of the mosque was built in 1896 at the site where the Tsim Sha Tsui police station now is located. The mosque served the Indian Muslim troops in British Hong Kong stationed at Whitfield Barracks. In the late 1970s, the mosque was relocated to its current site at Nathan Road by compensation given by MTR Corporation and donations from Muslims around Hong Kong.

## Architecture
The mosque was designed by architect I. M. Kadri. The building was designed with traditional Muslim architecture. The unique feature of this mosque are the four 11-meters-high minarets. There are three prayer halls, community hall, clinic and library. Around 3,500 people can fit into this mosque for prayer.

## Activities
The mosque primarily serves the Hong Kong Muslims with origin from South Asia. Therefore, the most becomes an important place for the non-Chinese Muslims in Hong Kong.

## References
At-Taqwa Mosque

The **At-Taqwa Mosque** () is a mosque in Dayuan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. It is the seventh and latest mosque in Taiwan. The mosque was built in 2013.

## History
The construction of the mosque was started by an Indonesian-Taiwanese couple who had an Indonesian shop around Dayuan. The couple purchased a land beside their shop to build a mosque. After collecting all of the money needed to make the mosque, the mosque was finally constructed and opened on 9 June 2013.

The establishment of the mosque shows that the number of Muslims is growing in Taiwan, where many of them work in factories, shops or houses. Many of those Muslims come from Indonesia. This can be considered as the fourth Muslim migration to Taiwan.

## Architecture
The mosque area is 130 square meters. It has three floors, where it consists of male prayer hall, female prayer hall, guess room, classes and dormitories.

## References
Hau Pei-tsun

**Hau Pei-tsun** (; 8 August 1919 &ndash; 30 March 2020) was the Premier of the Republic of China from May 30, 1990 to February 10, 1993. He was also a 4-star general in that country's army.

He was born on 8 August 1919 in Yancheng, Jiangsu. He studied at the Chinese Military Academy.

In the 1996 elections, he ran for vice-president as an independent. He ran with Lin Yang-kang, who was running for president. His party later collapsed and was expelled from the elections. His party's membership was restored in 2005.

He married Kuo Wan-hua and had two sons and three daughters. One of his sons is politician Hau Lung-pin, the former chairman of the New Party, and current Mayor of Taipei.

Hau died of multiple organ failure on 30 March 2020 in Taipei at the age of 100.

## References
## Other websites
*Who's Who in Taiwan 2003 
*Denny Roy, *Taiwan: A Political History* (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003)
Ammar Mosque and Osman Ramju Sadick Islamic Centre

The **Ammar Mosque and Osman Ramju Sadick Islamic Centre** () or **Wan Chai Mosque** is a mosque and Islamic center in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. It is the third mosque in Hong Kong. The original building of the mosque was built in 1967.

## History
The original building of the mosque was a small mosque besides a cemetery at 7 Seymore Street. In 1978, the mosque was relocated to a new place at Oi Kwan Road because the land was needed by the government to construct Aberdeen tunnel. The new mosque building was reopened on September 1981.

## Architecture
The mosque was designed by architect Ramju Sadick. The mosque has eight floors which consists of prayer hall, Chinese restaurant, bakery, clinic, classrooms, library and seminar room.

## Activities
The mosque is the headquarter place for Incorporated Trustees of the Islamic Community Fund of Hong Kong (the main Islamic organization in Hong Kong) and the Hong Kong Islamic Youth Association.

## References
Pope Eleuterus

**Pope Eleuterus** (??? − 189) was thirteenth Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome of the Catholic Church from c. 174 to his death in 189. He was born in Nicopolis, Epirus, Greece.

In *Liber Pontificalis*, it says that they ascribe a decree to Pope Eleutherius that no kind of food should be despised by Christians(Et hoc iterum firmavit ut nulla esca a Christianis repudiaretur, maxime fidelibus, quod Deus creavit, quæ tamen rationalis et humana est).

## References
Atoms for Peace (band)

**Atoms for Peace** is a band from California. They started in 2009. They did not have a name until February 2010. The members are Thom Yorke, Flea, Nigel Godrich, Joey Waronker, and Mauro Refosco. In February 2013, they released their first album, *Amok* on XL Recordings. The album charted at number&nbsp;1 in nine countries. *Pitchfork* scored it 6.9/10.

## Other websites
*Official website

## References
Coal mining

**Coal mining** is the process of getting coal out of the ground. It is part of the mining industry. Coal is used as a resource for making electricity.

## Extraction
Surface mining is done when the coal is near the surface. Coal miners remove the soil above the coal.  The coal can then be removed without the coal miners having to go deep underground..

Underground mining is when the coal is farther underground, making it too expensive to remove soil. In this process, coal miners and all of the coal mining equipment are brought deep underground and coal is carried up out of the ground. This is especially dangerous because of fires, explosions, and poison gas in coal mines.

## Processing
Before coal can be used, it must be processed in a coal processing plant. It is made smaller using a sizer and crusher. Parts that might be harmful to any equipment which will use the coal later on, such as the screening for metallic parts inside the mined coal.

## Delivery
Coal is delivered to customers in several ways. Trucks, conveyors, trains and ships transport coal to be used in factories and power plants.
Kinmen

**Kinmen** (or **Quemoy**) is a small group of islands close to the coast of China. It is governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan). It forms a county, **Kinmen County** (), of Fujian Province. The capital is Jincheng Township.

The county is claimed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) as part of its own Fujian Province. It is very close to Xiamen, no more than 2&nbsp;kilometres.
Bonfire Night

celebration bonfire in Louisiana, United States]]
**Bonfire Night** is an event dedicated to  with bonfires or fireworks. Different traditions celebrate Bonfire Night on different days. In Great Britain, it is celebrated as Guy Fawkes Night on 5th November. Other versions of Bonfire Night are also celebrated on this date in several other Commonwealth countries. A similar bonfire tradition is celebrated in parts of Scandinavia and is known as Walpurgis Night.

## References
Collateral (movie)

***Collateral*** is a 2004 American crime thriller movie. This movie is set in Los Angeles. It is about a hit-man named Vincent who is out to murder several witnesses and a prosecutor. His main hostage, taxi driver Max, reluctantly agrees to do some harsh things along with him. Max, though, eventually has enough. He then shoots Vincent, killing him. Jamie Foxx plays Max and Tom Cruise plays Vincent. The movie was released in late August 2004. It became a success in the U.S. box office and worldwide. The reviews were excellent.

## Other websites 
*
Mallika Sherawat

**Mallika Sherawat** (born October 24, 1976 as **Reema Lamba**) is an Indian actress. She was born in Rohtak to a Jat family. The first movie she acted in was the 2002 Bollywood movie *Jeena Sirf Merre Liye*. She acted in the 2005 Chinese movie *The Myth*. In 2010, *Hisss* was released. It was her first English movie. Sherawat played the main character, Naagin. In 2011, she was in another English movie, *The Politics of Love*.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
David Karp

**David Karp** (born July 6, 1986) is an American entrepreneur who started Tumblr in 2007. He sold the website to Yahoo! for US$1.1 billion in 2013.  He was born in New York City. He started learning HTML when he was 11. When he was 15 he stopped going to high school. He was taught at home instead. In 2013, *Forbes* said that Karp's net worth is more than $200 million. His cultural and ethnic background is Jewish.

## References
## Other websites
*Tumblr
Yeah Yeah Yeahs

**Yeah Yeah Yeahs** is an indie rock band from New York City. They are two boys, Nick Zinner and Brian Chase, and one girl, Karen O. Karen O is the singer. They started in the world of music in 2000. In 2009 a second guitarist, David Pajo, joined the band and replaced Imad Wasif. They have four albums, which are: *Fever to Tell*, the first, *Show Your Bones*, the second, ''It's Blitz!*, the third, and the fourth, *Mosquito*. They play different genres of music: alternative rock, indie rock, art punk, dance punk and post punk revival. They were nominated to the Grammy Awards on 3 occasions: *Fever to tell*, *Show your bones* and *It’s blitz!*. And they have had 7 nominations to the MTV Awards for three of their works: *Maps* in 2004, *Heads will roll* in 2009 and *Sacrilege'' in 2013.
Pope Leo IV

**Pope Saint Leo IV** (790 – 17 July 855) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 10 April 847 until he died in 855.

He was born in Rome. He died in Rome on 17 July 855 and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica. There was a medieval tradition that had claimed that a woman, Pope Joan, had succeeded him by disguising herself as a man but she is believed to be fictitious.
Rosamund Pike

**Rosamund Pike** (born 27 January 1979) is an English actress. She became known in the 2002 movie *Die Another Day* in which she played the Bond girl and double agent Miranda Frost. She also played Helen in the 2012 melodrama movie *Jack Reacher*. Her role in *Gone Girl* got her an Academy Award nomination. Pike was born in London.

## References
Mustafa Abdul Jalil

**Mustafa Abdul Jalil** (born 1952) is a Libyan politician. He was the Chairman (leader) of the National Transitional Council from 5 March 2011 until it ended on 8 August 2012. He supported the Libyan revolution. He was born in Badya. He is a Sunni Muslim.

## References
Kwame Kilpatrick

**Kwame Malik Kilpatrick** (born June 8, 1970) is an American politician. He was a Michigan state representative and mayor of Detroit. He is a Democrat. Kilpatrick was mayor of Detroit from 2002 until he resigned in 2008. In spring 2013, Kilpatrick was sentenced to almost 28 years in prison after being declared guilty on many criminal charges, including fraud. He went to federal prison in eastern Michigan.

## References
Die Another Day

***Die Another Day*** is a 2002 British action thriller spy movie directed by the movie director Lee Tamahori. It is about James Bond going across North Korea trying to get . Pierce Brosnan plays James Bond, Halle Berry plays Bond's  agent Jinx, and Rosamund Pike plays the double agent Miranda Frost. The movie received mixed reviews but was a box office success. The movie was released on November 22, 2002. Madonna sings the title song of the movie.

## Cast 
* Pierce Brosnan as James Bond
* Toby Stephens as Gustav Graves
* Halle Berry as Jinx
* Rosamund Pike as Miranda Frost
* Rick Yune as Zao
* Judi Dench as M
* Colin Salmon as Charles Robinson
* Kenneth Tsang as General Moon
* Lawrence Makoare as Mister Kil
* Ian Pirie as Mr. Kung
* Emilio Echevarria as Raoul
* Ho Yi as Mr. Chang
* Mark Dymond as Van Bierk
* Mikhail Gorevoy as Vlad
Pope John XV

**Pope John XV** (??? − March 996) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from August 985 to his death in 996.

He was born in Rome, Papal States and died in March 996 in Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire.

During his time as pope, there was a dispute that arose over the deposition in 991 of Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims. Arnulf was made archbishop of Reims in 988 by Hugh Capet of France. Arnulf was the nephew of the King's bitter rival, Charles of Lorraine and considered Arnulf a turncoat. He demanded his deposition by John XV. Hugh Capet captured both Charles and Archbishop Arnulf and convoked a synod at Reims in June 991. He deposed Arnulf and chose as his successor Abbot Gerbert of Aurillac who would later be known as Pope Silvester II.

At the synod, Arnulf, Bishop of Orléans accused John XV:
::*"Are any bold enough to maintain that the priests of the Lord all over the world are to take their law from monsters of guilt like these—men branded with ignominy, illiterate men, and ignorant alike of things human and divine? If, holy fathers, we are bound to weigh in the balance the lives, the morals, and the attainments of the humblest candidate for the priestly office, how much more ought we to look to the fitness of him who aspires to be the Lord and Master of all priests! Yet how would it fare with us, if it should happen that the man the most deficient in all these virtues, unworthy of the lowest place in the priesthood, should be chosen to fill the highest place of all? What would you say of such a one, when you see him sitting upon the throne glittering in purple and gold? Must he not be the "Antichrist, sitting in the temple of God and showing himself as God"?*

## References
Black Friday

store on Black Friday]]
**Black Friday** is the day after Thanksgiving in the United States. Even though it falls on a Friday, which is the last day before the weekend, and comes right after Thanksgiving Thursday, it is not a federal holiday. There are some states, however, that observe this day instead of Columbus Day for workers of the state government.

The name "Black Friday" started to be used sometime after World War II, but it was not popular outside of Philadelphia until around 1975

## Traditions
Many Americans see Black Friday as the official beginning of the Christmas holiday season, a time when many people go shopping for gifts to give to their family and friends on Christmas Day. On Black Friday, many stores have big sales, and it is common to see long lines of people waiting outside stores and in malls to get the best deals first before they run out. Because of this, stores usually open around 6 am in the morning or later. Some stores, though, started opening at 5 am and even 4 am in the late 20th century. Now, a few stores even open at midnight. Shoppers like to stay out all day to get what they need, making Black Friday the busiest shopping day of the year. 

On the first Monday after the long weekend is Cyber Monday, when many people go online shopping.

## References
Lions in heraldry

Lions appear in heraldry more often than any other animal. It traditionally symbolises bravery, , strength, and .

They may appear as a charge on the shield or as a crest.  They are described in the *blazon* (heraldic description) by their *tincture* (color) and *attitude* (position).  Sometimes the teeth and claws of a lion can be colored differently from the rest of its body; it is said to be "armed" of that color (e.g. "A lion Or armed gules" is a gold lion with red teeth and claws).  Sometimes the tail is even described, if it is shown in an unusual way.  One reason why lions are shown in so many different ways is because when heraldry developed, a lot of people wanted a lion on their coat of arms, but no two coats of arms can be the same. The purpose of heraldry in the Middle Ages was to identify people with bold images over the outside of their armour.  Since a lot of people started putting lions on their coats of arms, they placed them in a lot of different positions and in every color used in heraldry.  In France and Germany, they even made patterns of colors on some of their lions, as if they were painted.

French heralds refer to lions in the walking positions as *leopards*, but this term is seldom used by British heralds. The following table describes the different attitudes of heraldic lions:

Other terms are used to describe the lion's position in further detail.  The lion's head is normally seen in agreement with the overall position, (facing left) unless otherwise stated.  If a lion's *whole body* is turned to face right, he is *to sinister* or *contourné*.  If his *whole body* faces the viewer, he is *affronté*.  If his *head only* faces the viewer he is *guardant* or *gardant*, and if he looks back over his shoulder (body facing left but head turned to face right) he is *regardant*.  These words follow the main description of position, and then the lion is further described as *armed* (teeth and claws) of another color, if another color is used.  And finally, the tail may be described if it is unusual.  A lion (or other beast) *coward* carries its tail between its hind legs.  The tail also may be *nowed* (knotted), or the lion may be *queue fourchée* (forked tail) or *double-queued* (two tails).

## Examples 

File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|Flag of Sri Lanka
File:Royal Standard of Scotland.svg|Royal Standard of Scotland
File:Great Coat of Arms of Belgium.svg|Coat of arms of Belgium
File:Imperial Emblem of the Qajar Dynasty (Lion and Sun).svg|Coat of arms of Persia (Qajar dynasty)
File:Emblem of India.svg|Emblem of India
File:Estonia coatofarms.png|Coat of arms of Estonia

## Related pages 
* Heraldry of León

## Notes 
## References 
* Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). *A Complete Guide to Heraldry*. New York: Dodge Pub. Co.