open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Assist (football)

In association football, an **assist** is a pass or a cross by a player which helps to score a goal. Most commonly, an assist is given to a player for passing or crossing the ball to the scorer.  It may also be awarded to a player whose shot rebounds (off a defender, goalkeeper or goalpost) to a teammate who scores. Some systems may give an assist to a player who wins a penalty kick or a free kick for another player to score. An attacking player for contributing to an own goal can also get an assist. A goal may be unassisted, or have one assist. In some systems, even two assists is possible.

## References
Nerd Corps Entertainment

**Nerd Corps Entertainment** is a Canadian animation studio located in Vancouver, British Columbia. Nerd Corps has been world known for *Slugterra* television series. It airs on Disney XD. DHX Media bought the company for $57 million in December 24, 2014. It became a Subsidiary of DHX Media.

Nerd Corps Entertainment is one of the largest children's animation studios in North America. Founded by Asaph Fipke and Chuck Johnson in 2002. Nerd Corps has grown from a small operation working out of an apartment in downtown Vancouver to more than 400 artists and storytellers.

## Filmography
### Television series
### Feature movies
## References
## Other websites 
* Nerd Corps Website
Renzo De Felice

**Renzo De Felice** (8 April 1929 – 25 May 1996) was an Italian historian. He was born in Rieti and studied at the Sapienza University of Rome. In his youth De Felice joined the Italian Communist Party. He left the party after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He wrote more than 20 books and a large number of essays based on his extensive research. He was especially known for his studies on fascism. On this subject he was considered an expert. He was married to Livia De Ruggiero. De Felice died May 25, 1996 in Rome.

## Selected Works
**Storia degli ebrei italiani sotto il fascismo*, 1961.
**The Jews in Fascist Italy. A History, *Enigma Books, 2001. *
**Mussolini*, 4 volumes, 1965-1997 (Turin, 1965–97)
::*vol. 1, Mussolini il rivoluzionario, 1883–1920; vol. 2, Mussolini il fascista, pt. 1, La conquista del potere, 1921–1925, pt. 2, L’organizzazione dello Stato fascista, 1925–1929; vol. 3, Mussolini il duce, pt. 1, Gli anni del consenso, 1929–1936, pt. 2, Lo stato totalitario, 1936–1940; vol. 4, Mussolini l’alleato, 1940–1945, pt. 1, L’Italia in guerra, 1940–1943, bk. 1, Dalla guerra “breve” alla guerra lunga, bk. 2, Crisi e agonia del regime, pt. 2, La guerra civile, 1943–1945.*
**Le interpretazioni del fascismo*, 1969.
**Il fascismo: le interpretazioni dei contemporanei e degli storici*, 1970.
**Intervista sul fascismo*, edited by Michael Ledeen, 1975.
**Ebrei in un paese arabo: gli ebrei nella Libia contemporanea tra colonialismo, nazionalismo arabo e sionismo (1835-1970)'', 1978.

## References
Pike Place Fish Market

The **Pike Place Fish Market** is an open air fish market located in Seattle, Washington at the corner of Pike Street and Pike Place. It is known for their tradition of fishmongers throwing fish that customers have purchased, before they are wrapped. After nearing bankruptcy in 1986, the fish market owner and employees decided to become "world famous", changing their way of doing business by introducing their flying fish, games, and customer performances. Four years later, they were featured repeatedly in the national media and television shows.

## History
The Pike Place Fish Market was purchased in 1965 by John Yokoyama. Yokoyama was a former employee of the fish market, who bought the store to make enough money to afford the car payments on his new Buick Riviera. At first, Pike Place Fish Market was unknown outside of the Seattle area. Yokoyama and his staff decided to change that in a meeting with a business coach in 1986. Prior to the meeting, the Pike Place Fish Market was near to bankruptcy. Consultant, Jim Bergquist, was helping them to conceive of ways to save the business.

Four years later, in 1990, Ted Turner's Goodwill Games were held in Seattle. News crews at the Pike Place Market discovered the fish market and its performances with customers, and they filmed them. Soon afterwards, the fish market appeared on *Good Morning America*. The business and its employees were being filmed by various movie crews, and being featured in many magazines. Now, during the summer tourist season, the fishmongers will perform now in front of as many as 10,000 visitors daily. In 1991, CNN named the Pike Place Fish Market as one of the three most fun places to work in America.

## Flying fish
The Pike Place Fish Market is best known for their habit of hurling customers' orders across the shopping area. A typical routine will involve a customer ordering a fish, with their fishmongers in orange rubber overalls and boots calling out the order, which is loudly shouted back by all the other staff, at which point the original fishmonger will throw the customer's fish behind the counter for wrapping. At times, the fish market staff will throw a foam fish into the crowd to scare bystanders, or select a customer from the crowds to participate in the fish toss. Above the areas in which they throw fish, the market hangs a sign that reads, "Caution: Low Flying Fish".

## Movies, books and popular culture
In 1998, the Pike Place Fish Market was the subject of a documentary movie and accompanying book, *FISH! Philosophy.*

## References
## Further reading
* *When Fish Fly: Lessons for Creating a Vital and Energized Workplace — From the Word Famous Pike Place Fish Market*, Yokoyama, John and Joseph Michelli. New York: Hyperion, 2004.
* "Catch: A Fishmonger's Guide to Greatness", Crother, Cyndi and the crew of Pike Place Fish.  Berrett-Koehler Publishers (January 1, 2005)

## Other websites 
* Pike Place Fish Market official website
* 5:12:60 official blog
Water-mixable oil paint

**Water-mixable oil paint** (also called "water soluble" or "water miscible") is a modern type of oil paint.

It is designed to be thinned and cleaned up with water. This avoids using turpentine, whose fumes may be harmful if inhaled, and is a fires risk. 

Water miscible oil paint can be mixed and used with the same techniques as traditional oil-based paint. When it is still wet, it can be removed from brushes, palettes, and rags with ordinary soap and water. Its water solubility comes from the use of an oil medium in which one end of the molecule has been altered to bind loosely to water molecules, as in a solution.

Another advantage of this type of oil paint is that it dries faster than traditional oils (but slower than acrylics). Also, painters can control the speed of drying with supplementary products from artistic paint suppliers.

## References
Turpentine

**Turpentine** (spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, wood turpentine) or  **turps** is a solvent and a source of materials for organic synthesis.

Turpentine is a solvent fluid extracted by distilling resin from live trees, mainly pines. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. As a solvent, turpentine is used for thinning oil-based paints, for producing varnishes, and as a raw material for the chemical industry.

The word *turpentine* comes from the Greek word τερεβινθίνη *terebinthine*, the name of a species of tree, the terebinth tree. 

It is hazardous. It is dangerous to inhale, and can cause fires. Because of this, white spirit (mineral turps) or other substitutes are often used.
They are very different chemically.

## Reference
American Sniper

***American Sniper*** is a 2014 American drama movie. It is directed by Clint Eastwood. It is based on a book by Chris Kyle called *American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History*. It stars Bradley Cooper in the leading role with Sienna Miller. It was released to positive reviews on December 25, 2014. The movie was nominated for six awards at the 2015 Oscars.

## References
Michel Guimond

**Michel Guimond** (December 26, 1953 – January 19, 2015) was a Canadian politician. From 1987 to 1993 he served as a city councillor in Boischatel, Quebec. After this, he ran in the 1993 federal election for the Bloc Québécois.

## Career
He was elected into the Canadian House of Commons as the member from Beauport—Montmorency—Orléans. He was re-elected in the 1997 and 2000 federal elections (in the riding of Beauport—Montmorency—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île-d'Orléans) and in the 2004 federal election (in the riding of Charlevoix—Montmorency).

In the 2004 and 2008 elections, he won in Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord before being defeated in the 2011 federal election. A lawyer, he has served as the Bloc critic of Parliamentary Affairs, Transport and to the Auditor General.

He then served as whip and deputy whip of the Bloc Québécois, and was also the vice-chair of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs.

In the 2014 provincial election, he ran unsuccessfully for the Parti Quebecois to represent the riding of Montmorency.

## Death
Guimond died of heart failure on January 19, 2015 in Quebec City, Quebec, aged 61.

## References
## Other websites
* Parliament Webpage
SummerSlam (2001)

**SummerSlam (2001)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on August 19, 2001 at Compaq Center in San Jose, California. It was the fourteenth SummerSlam event held by the WWF.

The main event saw The Rock defeat Booker T to win the WCW Championship. The Rock won the match by pinfall after he hit the Rock Bottom on Booker T. Another main match was between Steve Austin and Kurt Angle for the WWF Championship. Angle won the match by disqualification after Austin attacked referees. On the undercard, the main match was a steel cage match between the WCW Tag Team Champions Undertaker and Kane and the WWF Tag Team Champions Diamond Dallas Page and Kanyon. The Undertaker and Kane won the match by pinfall after Undertaker executed the Last Ride on Page.

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official SummerSlam 2001 website
SummerSlam (2000)

**SummerSlam (2000)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on August 27, 2000 at Raleigh Entertainment and Sports Arena in Raleigh, North Carolina. It was the thirteenth SummerSlam event held by the WWF.

The main event saw The Rock defeat Triple H and Kurt Angle in a Triple threat match to retain his WWF Championship. The Rock won the match by pinfall after he hit Triple H with the People's Elbow. A featured match on the undercard saw Kane and The Undertaker fight to a no contest. the match ended in a no contest after Undertaker unmasked Kane. Another main match on the undercard was Edge and Christian (c), The Hardy Boyz (Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy) and The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley) in the first Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match for the WWF Tag Team Championship. Edge and Christian won the match after they climbed the ladder and grabbed the belts that were hanging above the ring. 

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official SummerSlam 2000 website
Indian Institute of Science

**Indian Institute of Science (IISc)** is a public university for scientific research. It is located in Bangalore, India. Jamshetji Tata gave active support to establish this institute. He is one of the earliest  of India. IISc is well known as India's finest research university. 

## History
In 1893, Jamshetji Tata had a chance meeting with Swami Vivekananda on a ship from Japan to Chicago. Then, Jamshetji Tata discussed his plan with Vivekananda to bring Iron and Steel industry to India. Five years later, Tata wrote a letter to Vivekananda about his desire to establish a research institution. He also asked Vivekananda for guidance in this matter. Vivekananda softly declined this proposal.

The government of Mysore donated (371 acres or 1.50 sq km) to build the institute. They also agreed to donate 50,000 rupees every year. It had two departments - Department of General and Applied Chemistry and Electro Technology. Morris Travers became the first director of IISc.

## Campus
IISc campus is in Malleswaram,  north of Bangalore City railway station. A number of other research institutes are nearby. These are Raman Research Institute, Central Power Research Institute and the Institute of Wood Science and Technology. There are regular bus services between them and IISc.

The campus is home to over 40 departments and centers of sciences. It has more than 3,000 students who are pursuing their undergraduate and postgraduate studies. The facilities on the campus include a library,, dining halls and restaurants. There are dormitories for men and women and  for staff members. A visitor's hostel was built in 1990. The campus is full of greenery. It has over 110 species of trees and rare and native plant species. The roads connecting the departments are named after species of trees. For example *Arjun Marg* (*Marg* means path in Hindi), *Tala Marg* and Silver Oak Marg.

## Related pages 
* Indian Institute of Astrophysics
* Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

## References 
## Other websites 
* Indian Institute of Science 
* Top Universities: Indian Institute of Science
Substitute (association football)

In association football, a **substitute** is a player who is brought on to the pitch during a match in exchange for a player who is currently playing. Substitutions can be made for many reasons. Sometimes, they are made to replace a player who has become tired or injured. Substitutes can also replace a player who is playing poorly, or can be for tactics. For example, substitute strikers can be brought on for defenders if the team needs to attack. The term "super-sub" refers to a substitution made by the manager that saves the game. This is generally done by scoring one or more late goals. The goals can equalize or win the team the match. Players who have been called "super-subs" include David Fairclough for Liverpool, Adam Le Fondre for Reading, Ole Gunnar Solskjær and Javier Hernández for Manchester United, and Edin Džeko for Manchester City  among others.

## References
National Association of Evangelicals

The **National Association of Evangelicals** (**NAE**) is a fellowship of member denominations, churches, organizations, and individuals. Its stated goal is to honor God by connecting and representing evangelicals in the United States. Today it works in four main areas: Church & Faith Partners, Government Relations, Chaplains Commission, and World Relief. The NAE is a member of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA). 

## Other websites
*
*Generation Forum
Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The **Hungarian Revolution of 1956** or **Hungarian Uprising of 1956** ( or '''''''''') was a  nationwide revolt. It was against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies. It lasted from 23 October until 10 November 1956. It was the first major threat to Soviet  since the USSR's forces drove out the Nazis at the end of World War II and took over Eastern Europe. Despite the failure of the , it was highly . It played a role in the fall of the Soviet Union decades later.

## Prelude 
At the end of World War II Hungary was  from the Nazis. It was occupied by the Soviet Union’s Red Army. Hungary's communists were led by General Secretary Mátyás Rákosi and backed by Joseph Stalin. The communists destroyed all political . In 1949 Hungary  became the People’s Republic of Hungary. Nobody had any idea it would sweep the country and break out everywhere all at once. However, there were warning signs that trouble was coming. and thousands were imprisoned. Hundreds of Soviet troops died. 200,000 fled Hungary. Communists in the Western Bloc argued about the Soviet Union intervening to stop the uprising.

## References
Anatol Hrytskievich

**Anatol Hrytskievich** (; January 31, 1929 &ndash; January 20, 2015) was a Belarusian historian. He was a correspondent member of the International Academy of Science of Eurasia (1996–2015), doctor of history (1986–2015), professor (1987–2015). He was born in  Minsk.

Hrytskievich died on January 20, 2015 in Minsk, aged 85.

## References
Robert Knox

**Robert Knox** (4 September 1791 – 20 December 1862) was a Scottish anatomist, zoologist, ethnologist and doctor. He is best known for the Burke and Hare murders. Some of his work had controversy because he tried to  that Anglo-Saxons were  to other people.

## Life 
Robert Knox was born in Edinburgh's North Richmond Street to Mary and Robert Knox. His father was a teacher of mathematics and philosophy. He had smallpox as an infant, which blinded his left eye and changed his face. He was educated at the Royal High School, where he bullied his friends.

In 1810, he joined medical classes in Edinburgh. He became  in transcendentalism.

Knox graduated from Edinburgh University in 1814.

Knox married his wife Susan in 1824.

## References
## Other websites
*Robert Knox MD, FRCSEd, FRSEd 1791–1862: The first Conservator of the College Museum *The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Historical Review*, 2000. Accessed 23 February 2007.
*Collection of prints related to the Burke and Hare murders
Ambrosia beetle

**Ambrosia beetles** are beetles of the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae. They live in symbiosis with ambrosia fungi and bacteria. The beetles make tunnels in dead trees where they grow fungal gardens for nutrition.

]]

During their evolution, most weevils became more or less  on fungi. Some bark beetles that ate phloem are using more fungi. These beetles are called *mycophloeophages*.

## References
## Other websites
* Images and information  on the Ambrosia beetle at the University of Florida.
* The MSU HISL database  contains a species list
* American Bark and Ambrosia Beetles
Platypus (weevil)

***Platypus*** is a weevil genus in the subfamily Platypodinae.

## Species 
* *Platypus apicalis*
* *Platypus australis*
* *Platypus calamus*
* *Platypus cylindrus*
* *Platypus contaminatus*
* *Platypus gracilis*
* *Platypus hamatus*
* *Platypus kiushuensis*
* *Platypus lewisi*
* *Platypus modestus*
* *Platypus quercivorus*
* *Platypus severini*
* *Platypus solidus*
* *Platypus taiwansis*
Michel Jeury

**Michel Jeury** (23 January 1934 &ndash; 9 January 2015), also known by his pseudonym **Albert Higon**, was a French science fiction writer. He wrote over seventy books between 1958 and 2013.

Jeury was born in Razac-d'Eymet, Dordogne.

Jeury died on 9 January 2015 in Vaison-la-Romaine, Vaucluse, aged 80.

## References
## Other websites
* Michel Jeury at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Denis Mack Smith

**Denis Mack Smith** CBE FBA FRSL (3 March 1920 &ndash; 11 July 2017) was a British historian. He has written many books and s on the history of Italy from the Risorgimento onwards. He wrote biographies of famous Italians in history: Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II, and Benito Mussolini. He was born in London.

## Career 
Between 1942 and 1945, Smith was an officer in the British War Cabinet. From 1947 to 1962 he was a fellow, tutor and lecturer at the University of Cambridge. From 1962 to 1987 he was a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford.

## Bibliography 
* *Cavour and Garibaldi, 1860: A Study in Political Conflict*, 1954.
* *Garibaldi: A Great Life in Brief*, 1956.
* *Italy: A Modern History*, 1958, revised 1969, completely revised and reprinted as *Modern Italy: A Political History*, 1997.
* *A History of Sicily*, with Moses Finley, in two volumes, *Medieval Sicily 800-1713* and *Modern Sicily after 1713*, 1968; abridged and reprinted as the single volume *A History of Sicily* with Moses Finley and Christopher Duggan, 1986.
* *The Making of Italy, 1796-1870*, 1968 (editor), reprinted as *The Making of Italy, 1796-1866*, 1988.
* *Great Lives Observed: Garibaldi*, 1969 (editor).
* *Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento*, 1971.
* *Vittorio Emanuele II*, 1975.
* ''Mussolini's Roman Empire* (*Le guerre del Duce*), 1976.
* *Mussolini*, 1981.
* *Cavour*, 1985.
* *Il Risorgimento italiano. Storia e testi*, 1987.
* *Italy and its Monarchy*, 1989.
* *Mazzini*, 1994.
* *La storia manipolata'', 1998.

## References
Bob Symes

**Robert Alexander Schutzmann** (6 May 1924 – 19 January 2015) was an Austrian-born British inventor and television presenter.

He was known for his works in ''Tomorrow's Land'' and on model railways. Symes was known for his relaxed and gentle but well-informed style on his shows. Symes was born in Vienna, Austria.

Symes died in west Wales from cancer, aged 90.

## Other websites
*
Bettino Ricasoli

**Bettino Ricasoli, 1st Baron Ricasoli, 1st Count of Brolio** (29 March 1809 - 23 October 1880) was an Italian statesman. He was born in Florence. Ricasoli served as Mayor of Florence from January 1848 to November of the same year. Member of the "Historic Right", after the Camillo Cavour's death Ricasoli became Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy. He was Prime Minister of Italy from 12 June 1861 to 3 March 1862 and from 20 June 1866 to 10 April 1867. He was also twice Foreign Minister, twice Interior Minister and once Minister of War. He was also a freemason.

## Note
SummerSlam (1999)

**SummerSlam (1999)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on August 22, 1999 at Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was the twelfth SummerSlam event held by the WWF.

The main event saw Mankind defeat Steve Austin and Triple H in a Triple threat match to win the WWF Championship. Mankind won the match by pinfall after hitting Austin with a Double arm DDT.

## Matches
### Entrances and eliminations
## References
## Other websites
*Official SummerSlam 1999 website
Alain LeRoy Locke

**Alain Leroy Locke** (September 13, 1886 – June 9, 1954) was an American writer, philosopher, educator, and patron of the arts. He was the first African American Rhodes Scholar in 1907. Locke was called the "godfather" of the Harlem Renaissance. As a result, popular listings of influential African-Americans have repeatedly included him. On March 19, 1968, the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. said: "We're going to let our children know that the only philosophers that lived were not Plato and Aristotle, but W. E. B. Du Bois and Alain Locke came through the universe."

## Early career 
Locke was born on September 13, 1886 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His parents were both schoolteachers. He was a graduate of Central High School and the Philadelphia School of Pedagogy. He was a member of the Harvard University of 1908. However, he graduated (*magna cum laude*) after only three years in 1907. In 1912 he won a Rhodes Scholarship which he used to attend Oxford University. He also studied for a year at the Frederick William University of Berlin. In 1918 he received his Ph.D. from Harvard.

## Career 
He began teaching at Howard University where he remained until 1953. He retired because of heart problems. Locke died on June 9, 1954 in New York City. His last work was an unfinished book, *The Negro in American Culture*. It was finished and published in 1956 by his daughter, Margaret Just Butcher.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Alain Locke Society
Trypanosoma

***Trypanosoma*** is a genus of parasitic protozoa. There are in the class Kinetoplastida. They are a monophyletic group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa. All trypanosomes are need more than one particular host to complete life cycle. 

Most are transmitted by a vector, usually by blood-feeding invertebrates. There are different mechanisms among the various species. In an invertebrate host they are generally found in the intestine, but in their mammalian host they usually live in the bloodstream or inside cells.

Trypanosomes infect a variety of hosts and cause various diseases, including the fatal human diseases sleeping sickness, caused by *Trypanosoma brucei*, and Chagas disease, caused by *Trypanosoma cruzi*.

The mitochondrial genome of the *Trypanosoma*, and other kinetoplastids, is made of a highly complex series of circles and minicircles. It needs many proteins for organisation during cell division.

## References
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour

**Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri** (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), better known as **Cavour** (), was an Italian politician and statesman who was an important person in the movement toward Italian unification.

Cavour was born in Turin during the Napoleonic rule. Until 1831, he was a military officer. Later, he decided to travel around Europe to learn more about the effects of the Industrial Revolution. Those trips helped him know and understand the principles of the British liberal system.

After four years, Cavour returned to Piedmont. He took charge of agriculture and the economy in general and worked for spreading schools. During that time, his business and banking activities made him one of the richest men in Piedmont.

From 1832 to 1848, Cavour was the mayor of Grinzane (now called *Grinzane Cavour* to honour him). In 1847, he founded the newspaper *Il Risorgimento*. According to him, the process of economic and social development, which he had promoted for years, could be implemented only after a deep restructuring of political institutions.

Cavour's political program wanted to make the Kingdom of Sardinia a constitutional monarchy based on moderate and progressive liberalism and so he dedicated himself to a radical renewal of the economy. He modernised and supported agriculture, strengthened the industrial system and promoted trade with the major European powers. However, his liberal program was criticized by both the Historical Left, which cared for the poorest citizens, and by the Historical Right, which considered him as a destroyer of conservative traditions.

In 1858, he signed a treaty of alliance between the Kingdom of Sardinia and the French Empire against the Austrian Empire.  The next year, during the Second Italian War of Independence, Sardinia and France defeated Austria, which had controlled the north of Italy.

After the Armistice of Villafranca and Giuseppe Garibaldi's expedition to the Kingdom of the Two Scilies, in the south (1860-1861), the unification of Italy was complete.  Cavour became the newly-united Italy's first Prime Minister.  He was also the first Minister of Foreign Affairs.  He was the leader of the Liberal parliamentary group.  He died of an illness in Turin.

## References 
* Beales, Derek & Eugenio Biagini. *The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy.* Second Edition. London: Longman, 2002. 
* Di Scala, Spencer. *Italy: From Revolution to Republic, 1700 to the Present*. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004. 
* Hearder, H. *Cavour*. Bari: Laterza, 2000. 
* Holt, Edgar. *The Making of Italy: 1815–1870*. New York: Murray Printing Company, 1971. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-135573
* Kertzer, David. *Prisoner of the Vatican*. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 
* Mack Smith, Denis. *Cavour*. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985. 
* Mack Smith, Denis. *Italy: A Modern History*. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1959. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 5962503
* Norwich, John Julius. *The Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean*. New York: Doubleday, 2006. 

## Notes
Västra Karup

**Västra Karup** is a locality in Båstad Municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. In 2010, 582 people lived there. Birgit Nilsson was born there 1918.

## References
Urbano Rattazzi

**Urbano Pio Francesco Rattazzi** (29 June 1808 – 5 June 1873) was an Italian statesman.

He was born in Alessandria (Piedmont). He studied law at Turin and in 1838 began working as a lawyer. He began his political career in 1848, when he was elected deputy of the Kingdom of Sardinia.

Urbano Rattazzi served as President of the Chamber of Deputies three times: twice in the Kingdom of Sardinia (from 11 May 1852 to 27 October 1853 and from 10 January 1859 to 21 January 1860) and once in the Kingdom of Italy (from 18 February 1861 to March 3 1862).

## Note
Torekov

**Torekov** is a locality in Båstad Municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. In 2010, 863 people lived there. While still a fishing village, it is today also a summer resort.

In August 1971 the "Torekov Compromise" was decided there. It stripped the Swedish monarchs of all remainind political power.

## References 
## Other websites
Hjärnarp

**Hjärnarp** is a locality in Ängelholm Municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. In 2010, 975 people lived there.

## References
Arbrå

**Arbrå** is a locality in Bollnäs Municipality in Gävleborg County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,215 people lived there.

## References 
## Other websites
Odd Olsen Ingerø

**Odd Olsen Ingerø** (born September 22, 1950) is a Norwegian civil servant. He was the Governor of Svalbard from 2001 to 2005 and again from 2009 to 2015. Ingerø was governor from 2001-2005, and came back in 2009 for a second term. For 20 years he was the chief of police in Kirkenes.

## References
Hypocenter

The **hypocenter** (literally: 'below the center') is the site of an earthquake or a nuclear explosion. In an earthquake, it is a synonym of the **focus** and is directly below the epicenter. In the case of a nuclear explosion, it is a synonym of ground zero.

## References
Gladstone Gander

Gladstone Gander is the luck cousin of Donald and Fethry Duck,is the son of Daphne Duck and Goostave Gander. The Luck was inherited from the mother. Gladstone is one of the first works by Barks, even before  Uncle Scrooge. 
GLaDstone boasts of great fortune that, look not inherited from the mother, and often in the stories of Italian production comes out with his cousin Donald Duck to annoy,for example the DoubleDuck saga.
As countless other characters from Carl Barks appears in television saga DuckTales, here the lucky duck acts as secondary character.
Australian twenty-cent coin

The **twenty-cent coin** is part of the Australian decimal currency system. 

It replaced the florin on the 14th of February, 1966. The florin was for two shillings. As the system changed, the Australian pound became  two Australian dollars.

On the  side, there is the Queen Elizabeth of Australia. On the other side, there is a platypus.

## References
* 

## Other websites
* Australian Decimal Currency 
* 20 cent coin collection 
* The Royal Australian Mint
Horse theft

**Horse theft** is the crime of stealing a horse. A person d of stealing a horse is known as a **horse thief**. Horse theft was fairly common throughout the world prior to widespread car ownership. Punishments were often  for horse theft. In several places the sentence of death was carried out. This was seen as a deterrent against horse theft.

## References
Göingeflickorna

**Göingeflickorna** was a girl vocal trio from Sweden. It was active between 1955-1955. The members were sisters Sonja Martinsson (1934–2013), Barbro Svensson (born 1941) and Agnetha Gardelid (born 1945). Their major breakthrough came in 1961 with the song *Kära mor*. Barbro left the trio in 1975. Sonja and Agnetha then continued appearing together.

## Svensktoppen songs 
**Vår lyckodröm* - 1962 
**Där näckrosen blommar* - 1963 
**Säterjäntans söndag* - 1965 
**När Solen ler* - 1974 
**Balsalens drottning* – 1980 

## References
Justin Capră

**Virgilius Justin Capra** (22 February 1933 – 19 January 2015) was a Romanian inventor, teacher and engineer. He was known for his many inventions including: the world's 1st first jetpack (named "flying backpack"), electric tricycle Oblio and Troty, the smallest car in the world Soleta (with a consumption of 0.5l / 100&nbsp;km), first "rocketcar", car with a plane engine (Virgilius) and more.

## References
Åmotfors

**Åmotfors** is a bimunicipal locality in Eda Municipality and Arvika Municipality in Värmland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,410 people lived there.

## References
Kemal Monteno

**Kemal Monteno** (17 September 1948 – 21 January 2015) was a Bosnian singer-songwriter. His career stretched back to the 1960s. He recorded his first song "Lidija" in 1967 and has enjoyed a prosperous career in the former Yugoslavia. He is perhaps best known for "Sarajevo ljubavi moja", a tribute to his home town.

Monteno died at a Zagreb hospital of pneumonia and sepsis on 21 January 2015 due to complications after the kidney transplant. He was 66 years old.

## References
## Other websites
Ryan Adams

**David Ryan Adams** (born November 5, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and producer. He was a member of the alternative country band Whiskeytown. His first solo album, *Heartbreaker*, was released in 2000. 

Adams was born in Jacksonville, North Carolina.

## Discography
### Studio albums
**Heartbreaker* (2000)
**Gold* (2001)
**Demolition* (2002)
**Rock n Roll* (2003)
**Love Is Hell* (2004)
**Cold Roses* (2005)
**Jacksonville City Nights* (2005)
**29* (2005)
**Easy Tiger* (2007)
**Cardinology* (2008)
**Orion* (2010)
**III/IV* (2010)
**Ashes & Fire* (2011)
**Ryan Adams* (2014)
**1989* (2015)
**Prisoner* (2017)
**Wednesdays* (2020)
**Big Colors* (2021)
**Chris* (2022)
**Romeo & Juliet* (2022)
**FM* (2022)
**Devolver*  (2022)
**Nebraska*  (2022)
**Blood on the Tracks*  (2022)
**Morning Glory*  (2023)
**Sword & Stone*  (2024)
**Star Sign*  (2024)
**Heatwave*  (2024)
**1985*  (2024)

## Bibliography
**Sad American Mythology* (2009)
**Infinity Blues* (2009)
**Hello Sunshine* (2009)
**Negative Space* (2023)
**100 Problems* (2023)

## Awards and nominations
## References
Electroreception

of a shark.]]

**Electroreception** is the ability animals have to sense electrical sources. It is mostly found in aquatic or amphibious animals. This is because water helps the signals travel better than air. Some exceptions are the echidnas, cockroaches and bees.  Electroreception is used in electrolocation.

## Research 
Until recently, people thought only vertebrates had electroreception. However, research has shown that bees use electroreception to find flowers. Electroreception is found in lampreys, cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, chimaeras), lungfishes, bichirs, coelacanths, sturgeons, catfishes, gymnotiformes, monotremes, and at least one species of cetacean. Fish have electroreception from their lateral lines.  In most groups electroreception is used for predation. The Western long-beaked echidna has about 2,000 electroreceptors on its bill. Its relative, the duck-billed platypus, has 40,000.

## Electrolocation
Electroreceptive animals use this sense to find where objects are. This is important in ecological niches where the animal cannot see. For example, animals cannot use their vision in caves, in murky water, and at night. Many fish use electric fields to find  prey. Some shark pups "freeze" when they feel the electric signal of their predators.

## Related pages 
*Lateral line
*Electric fish

## References
## Other websites
*ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research
*Electrolocation on Scholarpedia
*Video clips of Gnathonemus, Apteronotus, and Ameiurus
*Electroreception in fish, amphibians and monotremes — Map of Life,  University of Cambridge
Rachael Taylor

**Rachael May Taylor** (born 11 July 1984) is an Australian actress and model. She acts in both Australian and Hollywood movies. She played Maggie Madsen in the 2007 movie *Transformers*. She played Teri in *Man-Thing*.

Taylor was born in Launceston, Tasmania.

## References
The Hunchback of Notre Dame II

***The Hunchback of Notre Dame II*** (also known as ***The Hunchback of Notre Dame II: The Secret of the Bell***) is a 2002 American musical comedy movie. It is a direct-to-video sequel to the 1996 Disney animated movie *The Hunchback of Notre Dame*. It was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios. It was released on January 24, 2002.

## Cast 
* Jason Alexander as Hugo
* Jennifer Love Hewitt as Madellaine
* Tom Hulce as Quasimodo
* Paul Kandel as Clopin
* Charles Kimbrough as Victor
* Kevin Kline as Phoebus
* Michael McKean as Sarousch
* Demi Moore as Esmeralda
* Haley Joel Osment as Zephyr
* Jane Withers as Laverne. In the original movie, Mary Wickes provided most of her dialogue, but due to her death in 1995, the remaining dialogue was provided by Withers. In this movie, Withers herself provided all of Laverne's dialogue. This is Withers's final film role before her death.

**Additional voices**
* Jim Cummings as Archdeacon. In the original movie, he was voiced by David Ogden Stiers.
* Joe Lala as Guard #1
* Frank Welker as Achilles and Djali. In the original movie, Achilles was voiced by voice actor Bob Bergen, while Djali was voiced by Mary Kay Bergman, who committed suicide in 1999.
* April Winchell as Lady DeBurne
* Newell Alexander, Philippe Benichou, Mitch Carter, David Cowgill, Wendy Cutler, Lake Eissinmann, Nicholas Guest, Bridget Hoffman, Fredrika Kasten, Luisa Leschin, Edie Mirman, Philece Sampler and Tara Strong provide additional voices.

## References
Hydrogen ion

atom (center) contains a single proton and a single electron.  Removal of the electron gives a cation (left), whereas addition of an electron gives an anion (right)]]

**Hydrogen ion** is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, there are two types: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions.

## Cation (positively charged) 
When hydrogen loses its electron, the cations can be formed:

* Hydron: general name referring to the positive ion of any hydrogen isotope (H+)
* Proton: 1H+ (i.e. the cation of protium)
* Deuteron: 2H+, D+
* Triton: 3H+, T+
The ions produced by the reaction of these cations with water, as well as their hydrates, are also called 'hydrogen ions'.

In connection with acids, "hydrogen ions" usually refers to hydrons.

## Anion (negatively charged) 
Hydrogen anions are formed when additional electrons are acquired:

* Hydride: general name referring to the negative ion of any hydrogen isotope (H&minus;)
* Protide: 1H&minus;
* Deuteride: 2H&minus;, D &minus;
* Tritide: 3H&minus;, T &minus;

## References
Yours Faithfully

***Yours Faithfully*** is the final studio album as of 2015 by Rebbie Jackson. The album has the extended version of "Centipede" on it. The title track, along with "You Take Me Places" and the extended "Centipede" (original 1984 track) were released in 1998.

The song "Centipede" had been released fourteen years earlier.

## References
SummerSlam (1998)

**SummerSlam (1998)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on August 30, 1998 at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York. It was the eleventh SummerSlam event held by the WWF.

The main event saw Steve Austin defeat The Undertaker and retain his WWF Championship. Austin won the match by pinfall after he hit Undertaker with the Stunner. On the undercard, the main match was a ladder match between Triple H and The Rock for the WWF Intercontinental Championship. Triple H won the match by climbing a ladder and grabbing the title that was hanging above the ring.

## Matches
## References
## Other websites
*Official SummerSlam 1998 website
Maria Rolf

**Maria Rolf**, born 1970, is a Swedish singer. She is the singer of dansband Titanix.

In February 2010 she participated in the *Sveriges dansband för Haiti* aid. That happened following an earthquake in Haiti.

On 18 July 2010 she won a Guldklaven Award in the  category "female singer of the year". It was during Svenska dansbandsveckan in Malung she was given the award.

## References
Emilia

**Emilia** may refer to:

* Emilia (given name), list of people with this name
* *Emilia* (genus), plant-genus
* Emilia (region of Italy), historical region of Italy
* Emilia-Romagna, administrative region of Italy, including the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna
* Emilia, Łódź Voivodeship, village in central Poland
* Emiliano-Romagnolo, language spoken in Italy and San Marino
* Hurricane Emilia (disambiguation)
* 155 Infantry Division Emilia, Italian infantry division of World War II
* Emilia (fictional character), afictional character. Also a titular of the Sítio do Picapau Amarelo series
* Emilia, 2000 Emilia Rydberg album
Austrian School

The **Austrian School** is a way of thinking about economics. It is based on the actions of the individual person. It started in late 19th and early 20th century Vienna, Austria. It is referred to as **Austrian economics**, because the primary economists were Austrian although its followers are from all over the world today.

Followers of the Austrian school criticize central planning, government price controls and other state regulations. They say that it is impossible for government institutions to make comparatively better decisions about production or the prices of goods and services because they do not have the knowledge or flexibility that millions of individual consumers have. Followers of the Austrian school also criticize government inflation of the money supply.

## Important economists of the Austrian School of Economics 
*Carl Menger
*Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk
*Ludwig von Mises
*Friedrich Hayek 
*Yuri Maltsev
*Murray Rothbard

## References
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre

**Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon** (16 November 1725 – 4 March 1793) was the son of Louis Alexandre de Bourbon and his wife Marie Victoire de Noailles. He was also a grandson of Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan. From birth he was known as the Duke of Penthièvre. He also possessed many titles inherited from his father and was the richest man in France during his lifetime. He was later the father in law of Philippe Égalité. Though his father was an illegitimate son of a king the young duke was still known as and given the rank of a Prince of the blood. A majority of his vast fortune had been inherited via *La Grande Mademoiselle*.  Hen was also famous for his incredible generosity to the poor of the time. He also owned the land where the future Royal Chapel of Dreux would be built.

## Marriage and children
In 1744 Penthièvre married Princess Maria Teresa Felicitas d'Este of Modena, (1726-1754), the daughter of Francesco d'Este, the Duke of Modena and Reggio, and his first cousin, Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans. The young couple occupied a suite of apartments at Versailles which had previously been occupied by their joint ancestor Madame de Montespan. These apartments were used by the duke and his family until the reign of Louis XVI of France when the space was given to *Mesdames*, the new king's spinster aunts.

The couple had seven children, only two of whom survived infancy:
# Louis Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Rambouillet (, 2 January 1746 – 13 November 1749) died young.
# Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, "Prince of Lamballe" (6 September 1747 – 6 May 1768), married Princess Marie Louise of Savoy, *Mademoiselle de Carignan* and had no children.
# Jean Marie de Bourbon (Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 17 July 1748 – Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 19 May 1755), 'Duke of Châteauvillain died young.
# Vincent de Bourbon, Count of Guingamp (22 June 1750 – 14 March 1752) died young.
# Marie Louise de Bourbon, *Mademoiselle de Penthièvre* (18 October 1751 – 26 September 1753) died young.
# Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, ''Mademoiselle d'Ivoy* and later *Mademoiselle de Penthièvre'' (13 March 1753 – , 23 June 1821), married Philippe d'Orléans and had issue.
# Louis Marie Félicité de Bourbon (29 April 1754 – 30 April 1754) died young.

The Duchess of Penthièvre died after her last childbirth in 1754. Very badly hurt by the loss of his young wife, the duke never married again despite the sister of his dead wife, Princess Matilde being suggested as a possible candidate to marry. The widower refused.

## Titles and styles
**16 November 1725 – 4 March 1793** *His Serene Highness* The Duke of Penthièvre.

## References 
## Further reading
* 
* 

## Other websites
Spur (zoology)

spurs on a Masked lapwing in flight]]
A **spur** is a bone covered in horn that grows out of an animal's body. While claws or nails grow from the toes, spurs grow on other parts of the foot. These parts are usually connected with joints. Spurs are mostly found on the hindfeet, but some birds have spurs at the edge of their wings.

## In mammals
 spur on the male platypus' hind limb is venomous.]]
Not many mammals have spurs.
The male platypus has spurs on the heels of its hind feet. The spurs are  and  to a venom gland. This helps the platypus kick . Echidnas have spurs as well, but they are not venomous. Fossils of some early mammals are found to have spurs also.

## References
Lisa Riley

**Lisa Jane Riley** (born 13 July 1976) is an English television presenter and actress. She is best known for portraying the role of Mandy Dingle in the ITV soap opera *Emmerdale* (1995–2001, 2019–present). Riley succeeded Jeremy Beadle as presenter of ''You've Been Framed!''.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Go Deep

**"Go Deep"** is a pop song from singer Janet Jackson. The song is about Jackson's plan to go to a nightclub to find a man to have sex with. The song has many remixes. The original recording of this song is four minutes and 42 seconds. The longest  is ten minutes and 53 seconds. The single was given mixed s from music critics. It did well in many countries. "Go Deep" was released on June 15, 1998.

## References
Ulvåker

**Ulvåker** is a locality in Skövde Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 254 people lived there.

## References
Emilia (given name)

**Emilia** is a feminine name of Latin origin. It is got from the name Emily, which itself  is got from the Latin *aemulus*, meaning “rival” or “emulating”. 

The name Emilia is often associated with the Latin phrase “aemulare”, which means “to strive to equal or excel”. This name was ranked #40 on the US Popular Female Names in 2021.

## Popularity
As of 2010, records indicated that more than 13,500 girls in the USA had been named Emilia since 1880. The popularity has been increasing after the year 2000.

## People with this name
* Emilia (Bulgarian singer)
* Emilia Broomé, politician
* Emilia Bakala, Polish developer
* Emilia Cano, Spanish race walker
* Emilia Clarke, UK actress
* Emilia Fox, UK actress
* Emilia of Gaeta, duchess of Gaeta
* Emilia Attías, Argentine actress and model
* Emilia Kabakov, artist, wife of Ilya Kabakov
* Emilia Pardo Bazan, Spanish writer
* Emilia Plater, Polish patriot and revolutionary
* Emilia Ramboldt (earlier Emilia Andersson), Swedish ice hockey player
* Emilia Rotter, Hungarian 4x world champion figure skater
* Emilia Rydberg, Ethiopian-Swedish pop singer
* Emilia Uggla, Swedish pianist
* Emília Vášáryová, Slovak actress
* Emilia Jane Mills Webb (née Goodlake), wife of William Frederick Webb
* Emilia Kaczorowska Wojtyla, the mother of Pope John Paul II
* Emilia Diamant, the daughter of Anita Diamant

### Fictional characters
*Emilia, one of seven women occurring in the character of narrators in *The Decameron* by Giovanni Boccaccio
*Emília, a main character in the Brazilian children's books *Sítio do Picapau Amarelo* by Monteiro Lobato
*Emilia in William Shakespeare's play *Othello*
*Emilia Ridderfjell in the *Bert Diaries*
* *Emelia in Digital: A Love Story

## References
Anne Ottenbrite

**Anne Ottenbrite-Muylaert**, CM (born May 12, 1966) is a Canadian retired swimmer. She was a breaststroke swimmer.

Ottenbrite competed for Canada at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She won a gold, silver, and a bronze medal for Canada. She won a gold medal in the 200 m breaststroke, a silver medal in the 100 m breaststroke, and a bronze medal in the 4 × 100 m medley relay with Reema Abdo, Michelle MacPherson, and Pamela Rai. She also won a gold and silver medal for Canada at the 1983 Pan American Games in the 100 m breaststroke and the 4 × 100 m medley.

In 1984, Ottenbrite attended the University of Southern California. She transferred to Wilfrid Laurier University in 1987 and graduated in 1990. She retired from the national team in 1986.

She was inducted into the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in 1985, Canadian Aquatic Hall of Fame in 1986, Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1994, and International Swim Hall of Fame in 1999. She was awarded the Order of Canada in 1984.

## References
## Other websites
*Canadian Olympic team profile