open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Spittal of Glenshee

The **Spittal of Glenshee** lies at the head of Glenshee in the highlands of eastern Perth and Kinross, Scotland where the confluence of many small streams flowing south out of the Grampians form the Shee Water. For centuries, there has been a hostel or inn at the site and, in modern times, the small village has become a centre for travel, tourism and winter sports in the region, sited at a bend on the A93 trunk road which leads from Blairgowrie north past the Spittal to the Glenshee Ski Centre and on to Braemar.

Inhabitation in the Neolithic period is indicated by a Megalithic standing stone behind the old kirk, and the *Four Poster stone circle* on a nearby mound.

When interest in ski mountaineering revived after the First World War and the Scottish Ski Club was resuscitated in 1929, they restarted weekly snow reports with reporters appointed at Lix Toll near Killin, Dalwhinnie, Braemar and the Spittal of Glenshee. The Dundee Ski Club used the *Spittal Hotel* as its meeting place, and pioneered improvements, setting up the first ski tows in Britain at Glenshee in December 1950. The hotel burnt down in 1959, but Spittal of Glenshee has continued to provide accommodation near to the slopes.

The village also provides a stopping place on the *Cateran Trail* waymarked long distance footpath which provides a 64-mile (103&nbsp;km) circuit in the glens of Perthshire and Angus.

## References
Váli (son of Odin)

In Norse mythology, **Váli** is a son of the god Odin and giantess Rindr. Váli's brothers are Thor, Baldr and Víðarr. When Baldr was killed, Váli killed the person who killed him. He grew to full adulthood in one day.

He is also the god of flight. Anything that passes through the sky, whether man made or of nature is under his control. To symbolize this his cloak is made of raven feathers that when he spreads his arms looks like wings. Váli is fated to survive Ragnarök.

## References
Stuart Freeborn

**Stuart Freeborn** (September 5, 1914 &ndash; February 5, 2013) was a British make-up artist. He was known for his works in *Star Wars* and for Stanley Kubrick's *2001: A Space Odyssey*. He had designed the make-up for Yoda.

Freeborn was born on September 5, 1914 in Leytonstone, London, England. He was married to Kay Freeborn until her death in 2012. They had three children, all who died before him. Freeborn died on February 5, 2013 in his home in London, England from natural causes, aged 98.

## References
## Other websites
*
*An article looking at Stuart's work on the creatures and makeup of the *Star Wars* Trilogy
Edgar de Evia

**Edgar Domingo Evia y Joutard** (July 30, 1910 &ndash; February 10, 2003) was a Mexican-born American photographer. He took photos for Town & Country, House & Garden, Look, and The New York Times Magazine.

Evia was born on July 30, 1910 in Mérida, Yucatán. His father was Mexican, and his mother was French. In 1912, his family immigrated to New York City. Evia was partners with Robert Denning from the 1950s until the 1960s. Then he was partners with David McJonathan-Swarm from 1966 until his death in 2003. Evia died in New York City, New York on February 10, 2003 from pneumonia after a broken hip, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
* Edgar de Evia's Official Homepage
* Edgar de Evia's biographic sketch at Find A Grave
La Serena, Chile

**La Serena** is a Chilean city, the capital of the Coquimbo Region and the Elqui Province. In the INE 2002 census, the city had 160,148 people.

## References
## Other websites 
* Municipality of La Serena 
* La Serena tourism guide
* Tourism La Serena
Peter Gilmore

**Peter Gilmore** (August 25, 1931 &ndash; February 3, 2013) was a British actor. He was known for his roles in *Warlords of Atlantis*, *The Onedin Line*, and in *Oh! What A Lovely War*.

Gilmore was born on August 25, 1931 in Leipzig, Germany to British parents. He was raised in North Riding of Yorkshire. He was married to Una Stubbs from 1958 until they divorced in 1969. Then he was married to Jan Waters from 1970 until they divorced in 1976. Then he was married to Anne Stallybrass from 1987 until his death in 2013. He had a son with Stubbs. Gilmore died on February 3, 2013 in his home in London, England, aged 81. He is not related to British actress Susan Gilmore.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Anne Stallybrass and Peter Gilmore A site dedicated to the actors Anne Stallybrass and Peter Gilmore.
Mario Party 2

***Mario Party 2*** is a party board video game for the Nintendo 64 console. It is the second game in the *Mario Party* series. It was published by Hudson Soft and published by Nintendo. It was released on December 17, 1999 in Japan, on January 24, 2000 in North America, and on November 6, 2000 in Europe. It was later re-released for the Nintendo Wii's Virtual Console in November and December 2010.

## Gameplay
*Mario Party 2* is played like the first *Mario Party* game. Players go around on boards to collect coins, which they can use to buy stars. Movement is done with the use of a dice block with the numbers one through ten. After all four players take their turns, a mini-game is played. The player who wins the mini-game wins coins. The winner is the player with the most stars at the end of the game.  It introduces the item system. Players can buy items by going into an item shop. Items can also be gotten through an item mini-game. Item mini-games are done when a player lands on an Item Space. Players can hold one item at a time. Also introduced are battle mini-games. Battle mini-games are done when a player lands on a Battle Space. Before playing the mini-game, a certain number of coins are taken from all players. The first place player gets 70 percent of the total coins, while the second place player gets 30 percent. The other two players get nothing. Duel mini-games are introduced in this game. A Duel mini-game is played when a player uses the Dueling Glove item. The player chooses an opponent to play against and the number of coins they want to wager. The wager is taken from both players' coin totals. Whichever player wins gets the total coin amount. The Koopa Bank is also introduced in this game. When a player passes by the Bank Space, they have to pay five coins. If a player lands on the Bank Space, they get the total that was in the bank at the time.

Six boards are in the game. In every board but the last one, the characters wear costumes. The costume is themed around the board.

## References
Pencil sharpener

A **pencil sharpener blade** is the cutting component within a pencil sharpener responsible for shaping the point of a pencil.  Like any cutting tool, these blades become dull with use, requiring replacement to maintain optimal sharpening performance.  The process of changing a pencil sharpener blade varies depending on the type of sharpener, but generally involves accessing the blade chamber, removing the worn blade, and inserting a new one.

## Types of Sharpeners and Blade Replacement
*   **Manual (Handheld) Sharpeners:** Many handheld sharpeners are designed as single, replaceable units.  When the blade dulls, the entire sharpener is discarded and replaced.  However, some higher-quality manual sharpeners feature replaceable blades, often secured by a small screw or clip.

*   **Electric Sharpeners:** Electric sharpeners also utilize replaceable blades.  Replacement typically involves unplugging the device, accessing the blade chamber (often by removing a cover or screws), and then swapping the blades.  Consulting the manufacturer's instructions is crucial due to model-specific variations.

*   **Crank Sharpeners:** Crank sharpeners (rotary sharpeners) often have more complex mechanisms.  Blade replacement usually involves identifying and removing screws or clips securing the blade assembly.  Again, manufacturer's instructions are highly recommended.

## General Steps for Replacing a Pencil Sharpener Blade
1.  **Consult Instructions:** Always refer to the packaging or manual for specific instructions for your sharpener model.  This is especially important for electric and crank sharpeners.

2.  **Gather Tools:** Typically, a small screwdriver (often Phillips head), tweezers (for handling small blades), and the replacement blade are needed.

3.  **Disassemble:** Carefully disassemble the sharpener to access the blade.  Keep track of all parts for proper reassembly.

4.  **Remove Old Blade:** Carefully remove the old blade, which may be held by screws, clips, or pressure. Exercise caution as the blade may still be sharp.

5.  **Insert New Blade:** Position the new blade identically to the old one, ensuring correct alignment.

6.  **Reassemble:** Carefully reassemble the sharpener, ensuring all parts are securely in place.

7.  **Test:** Test the sharpener with a pencil to verify proper functionality.

## Safety Precautions
*   Handle sharp blades with care.
*   Keep replacement blades away from children.
*   Unplug electric sharpeners before blade replacement.
*   If unsure about any step, consult instructions or seek assistance.

## Extending Blade Life
*   Avoid excessive sharpening.
*   Use high-quality pencils.
*   Regularly clean the sharpener to remove shavings and debris.
Division of Wannon

The **Division of Wannon** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. 

It is in the south-west of the state, and includes much of the western part of Victoria. It is next to the South Australian border in the west, and the Bass Strait coast in the south. The Division includes the towns of Warnambool, Portland, Ararat, Hamilton, Stawell and Halls Gap. The Grampians and the Port Campbell National Parks are in the Division. Maryborough and Avoca will become part of Wannon at the 2013 federal election after changes that took place on December 24, 2010. 

The Division was one of the 75 divisions drawn up for the first federal election in 1901. It was named after the Wannon River, which had been named by Major Mitchell in 1836.  

## Members
For the first 50 years the division was held by both the Australian Labor Party and the conservative parties.  However, changes in 1955 removed most of the seat's Labor-friendly territory, and it has been a safe Liberal seat since then. The seat was held by former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser.

## Election results
## References
*Division of Wannon – Australian Electoral Commission

## Other websites
* Dan Tehan's website
Carbene

A **carbene** is a molecule with a carbon atom that has two bonds and two other electrons that do not make any bonds. Since the carbon has only 6 electrons around it, it is quite reactive. The general formula can be written as  R-(C:)-R'.

A carbene can be a *singlet* or a *triplet*. In the first type, the two electrons that do not make bonds are like a lone pair. They both stay in the same orbital. In a triplet carbene instead, the two electron stay in different orbitals, making it a radical. Here they both have the same spin.

Carbenes can do many reactions. They can be both electrophiles and nucleophiles. They like doing addition reactions on double bonds. They are also found in cheletropic reactions.

Most carbenes are very unstable. However, some can exist for a long time. A famous example is Grubbs' catalyst, which was developed by Robert Grubbs. 

## References
Whatever

The term **whatever** is American slang. It means *whatever you say* or *I do not care what you say*. It is used to dismiss something someone else has said. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the word became a sentence in its own right. The character Archie Bunker, from the show *All in the Family*, used the phrase often to dismiss his wife Edith in the 1970s. It was strongly prevalent among teenagers in the 1980s and 1990s. 

## References
Division of Wills

The **Division of Wills** is an Australian Electoral Division of Victoria. 

The division includes the northern Melbourne suburbs of Brunswick, Coburg, Pascoe Vale, Fawkner, Glenroy, and Essendon Airport. It was named after William John Wills, of the Burke and Wills expedition.

## Members
Wills has been one of the safest Labor seats in the country. It has been held by Labor except between the 1992 by-election and the 1996 federal election. During this time it was held by independent Phil Cleary. The seat was held by Prime Minister Bob Hawke.

The 1992 by-election is remarkable for a number of reasons. It was caused by Bob Hawke's retirement from parliament. A record 22 people stood for election. It was won by an independent, Phil Cleary. However he was on unpaid leave from the state education system and the Australian Constitution forbids people employed by the government from standing for election. No replacement by-election was held as the court decision which threw out the results was made shortly before a general election was due.

## Election results
## References
*Division of Wills – Australian Electoral Commission

## Other websites
* Kelvin Thomson's website
The Mall, London

]]
]]
]]

, shown on St George's Day.]]

**The Mall**  is a short but important road in London. It runs from Buckingham Palace at its western end to Whitehall, right near Trafalgar Square. On the way, it runs through Admiralty Arch. It is closed to traffic on Sundays and public holidays, and on ceremonial occasions. 

The Mall was built as a ceremonial route in the early 20th century. There are similar ceremonial routes in cities such as Berlin, Mexico City, Oslo, Paris, Saint Petersburg, Vienna and Washington, D.C.. These routes are often used for major national ceremonies. When the Mall was built, a new façade (front face) was constructed for Buckingham Palace, and the Victoria Memorial was erected. 

The Queen Victoria Memorial is in front of the gates of the Palace, whilst Admiralty Arch at the far end leads into Trafalgar Square. The length of The Mall from where it joins Constitution Hill at the Victoria Memorial end to Admiralty Arch is exactly . St. James's Park is on the south side of The Mall, opposite Green Park and St James's Palace, on the north side. Running off The Mall at its eastern end is Horse Guards Parade, where the Trooping the Colour ceremony is held.

The surface of The Mall is coloured red to give the effect of a giant red carpet leading up to Buckingham Palace. This colour was obtained using synthetic iron oxide pigment from Deanshanger Oxide Works (Deanox), which was created using the Deanox Process devised by chemist Ernest Lovell. 

On VE Day &ndash; 8 May 1945 &ndash; the Palace was the centre of British celebrations. The King, Queen and Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret were on the balcony behind them, to the cheers from a vast crowd on The Mall.

During state visits, the monarch and the visiting head of state are escorted in a state carriage up The Mall, and the street is decorated with Union Flags and the flags of the visiting head of state's country. During the Golden Jubilee celebrations of Queen Elizabeth II in 2002, over one million people packed The Mall to watch the public displays and the appearance of the Royal Family on the palace balcony. These scenes were repeated in 2011 for the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, and again in 2012 for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, and the Diamond Jubilee concert.

## References
Echuca

**Echuca** ( ) is a city on the banks of the Murray River and Campaspe River in Victoria, Australia. On the other bank of the Murray is the New South Wales town of Moama. Echuca is the administrative centre and largest town in the Shire of Campaspe. In 2011 there were 13,708 people living in Echuca. Echuca is close to the junction of the Goulburn, Campaspe and Murray Rivers.  It is the closest point of the Murray to Melbourne. This meant it developed as a river port during the 19th century.

## References
Oxford Street

department store in the background.]]

**Oxford Street** is a major road in the City of Westminster in the West End of London. It is Europe's busiest shopping street, and has about 300 shops.

Oxford Street was named Oxford street in 1729 and its 1.5 miles long. 

The street forms part of the A40 road, which connects London to Oxford. Like many roads in central London which are no longer through routes it is not signposted with the road number.

Roughly halfway along Oxford Street is Oxford Circus, a busy intersection with Regent Street. A diagonal crossing at Oxford Circus opened in 2009, currently the only one of its kind in central London.

## References
Eritrean–Ethiopian War

The **Eritrean–Ethiopian War** was a war between Ethiopia and Eritrea. It lasted from May 1998 to June 2000. Both countries spent hundreds of millions of dollars on the war, and tens of thousands of people were killed by the conflict. The war resulted in small changes to the border between the two countries.

Eritrea's war of independence lasted for 30 years, on and off; it was started in 1961 and finished in 1991 when Eritrea finally became independent.  While this was going on, there was also a civil war in Ethiopia, which began in 1975.  This war was started by Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) as a rebellion to overthrow the Marxist military dictatorship of Derg (a military committee that had overthrown Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974).  TPLF and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front were formidable allies during the civil war, but then Ethiopia and Eritrea could not agree on where the border was after Eritrea's independence.  One of the main areas of conflict was focused on Badme.

## Events 
The war took place from May 1998 to June 2000. It become one of the most violent wars in Africa. Ethiopia and Eritrea are some of the poorest countries in the world, but hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on the wars. Tens of thousands of people were killed in the conflicts.

The fighting quickly increased to using artillery and tanks. On 5 June 1998, the Ethiopians launched air attacks on the airport in Asmara and the Eritreans retaliated by attacking the airport of Mekele. These raids caused civilian casualties and deaths on both sides of the border. The United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1177 condemning the use of force and welcomed statements from both sides to end the air strikes.

## After the war 
The border dispute was settled on 13 April 2002, when an international court heard the case and made a decision. It was decided that the area around Badme belonged to Eritrea. This area, however, was occupied by Ethiopian forces. On 10 December 2005, Ethiopia announced that it was withdrawing some of its forces from the border. As of 2013, Ethiopia still occupies Badme.

## References
Cold Stone Creamery

The **Cold Stone Creamery** is an American ice cream network based out of Arizona. Its main products are pies, premium ice cream, smoothies and ice cream cakes. This ice cream group, since 2008, has co-branded certain locations along with other chains in attempts to increase its presence outside the United States.
Oxford Circus

**Oxford Circus** is the busy intersection of Oxford Street  and Regent Street in the West End of London. It is served by Oxford Circus tube station, which is directly beneath the junction itself.

## History 
The Circus was constructed in the beginning of the 19th century, and was designed by John Nash.

## Diagonal crossing 
In 2009, Westminster City Council started a £4m scheme for the area, allowing shoppers to cross the intersection diagonally as well as the usual 'straight ahead', turning it into a "pedestrian scramble", much like Tokyo's Shibuya crossing.  

The crossing opened on November 2nd of the same year, by which time the cost had risen to £5 million. The Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, said it was "a triumph for British engineering, Japanese innovation and good old common sense". Others noted that a similar crossing in Balham, South London had opened in 2005 at a cost of only £98,000.

## References
Hobart Brown

**Hobart Ray Brown** (February 27, 1934 &ndash; November 7, 2007) was an American sculptor. He was known for finding the Kinetic Sculpture Race in 1969.

Brown was born on February 27, 1934 in Hess, Oklahoma. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Brown studied at Van Nuys High School, just a few classes from Marilyn Monroe. He was divorced two times. Brown had four children. Brown had a stroke in May 2007. Brown died on November 7, 2007 from pneumonia in Redwood City, California, aged 73.

## References
## Other websites
* Hobart Brown: A life in Pictures
* Hobart Brown - Virtual Gallery
Roberto Cabral del Hoyo

**Roberto Cabral del Hoyo** (August 7, 1913 &ndash; October 4, 1999) was a Mexican poet, historian, and writer. He was known for his written works *Filly Pearl*, *To My Roots of the Earth*, *Three*, *Against the Dark Wind*, and *Word*.

Hoyo was born on August 7, 1913 in Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico. He was never married and had no children. Hoyo died on October 4, 1999 from pneumonia in his hometown and were he lived in Zacatecas, Mexico, aged 86.

## Other websites
Santa Maria, California

**Santa Maria** is a city in Santa Barbara County, in Southern California. In 2020, about 109,707 people lived there. Alice Patino is the mayor.

## References
Santa Barbara, California

**Santa Barbara, California**  is the county seat of Santa Barbara County, California, United States. As of 2020, 88,665 people lived there. It is the second largest city in the county, just after Santa Maria, California.

## References
## Other websites
* Movies and television shows filmed in Santa Barbara 
* Santa Barbara on city-data.com
* Santa Barbara Conference & Visitors Bureau and Film Commission
* Santa Barbara earthquakes 
* Santa Barbara Channels : Santa Barbara's public access TV station
* Summer Solstice Celebration
* National Register of Historic Places listings
* Local University UCSB
* Santa Barbara Views, ca. 1875, The Bancroft Library
Otavalo

**Otavalo** is the capital of Otavalo Canton, is a large busy town in the Imbabura Province of Ecuador. The town has about 90,000 citizens and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes such as Imbabura 4,630m, Cotacachi 4,995m, and the Mojanda volcanoes.

The indigenous Otavalo people are famous for weaving textiles, usually made of wool, which are sold at the Saturday market called *Plaza de los Ponchos*. The shops sell textiles such as handmade blankets, tablecloths, and much more. The Otavalo market is made of mushroom-shaped concrete umbrellas with benches. The market dates back to the 1870s and is one of the largest outdoor markets in South America.

The city also has El Parque Bolívar, a large park in the central square of Otavalo. Sometimes it is called Parque Central as well. It is surrounded by the city's government building and Iglesia de San Luís, a church with an octagonal clocktower. The church was originally built 1676–79. 

The railway station is in the southern part of the town center behind Copacabana Market, 2,532 metres (8,307&nbsp;ft) above sea level. 

## References
Super Bowl XLV

**Super Bowl XLV** was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2010 season. The Packers defeated the Steelers by the score of 31–25. The game was played on February 6, 2011, at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Dallas–Fort Worth area.

## Sources
Tina Majorino

**Albertina Marie "Tina" Majorino** (February 7, 1985) is an American movie and television actress. She started acting as a child. She acted in the movies *Waterworld* and *Napoleon Dynamite*. On television, she acted in the series *Big Love*, *Veronica Mars* and *True Blood*. She was also in the animated television version of *Napoleon Dynamite*.  She has a recurring role on the series *Bones*. In 2012, Majorino joined the cast of ''Grey's Anatomy''. Her acting was begun around 1992. She was born in Westlake, California.

## References
Sônia Braga

**Sônia Braga** (born June 8, 1950) is a Brazilian and American actress. She acts mostly in movies. She starred in *The Rookie* and *Moon over Parador*. She has also been in a few television programs, including *CSI: Miami*. She is the aunt of the Brazilian actress Alice Braga.

## Other websites
Acton

**Acton** may refer to:

* Acton (surname)
* Acton, New Brunswick
* Acton, New Zealand
* Acton, Ontario

## United Kingdom
* Acton, Cheshire
* Acton, Dorset
* Acton, County Armagh
* Acton, Staffordshire
* Acton, Shropshire
* Acton, Worcestershire
* Acton, Suffolk
* Acton, London
* Acton, Northumberland
* Acton, Wrexham

## United States
* Acton, California
* Acton, Indiana
* Acton, Kentucky
* Acton, Massachusetts
* Acton, Maine
* Acton Township, Minnesota
* Acton, Montana
* Acton Township, North Dakota
* Acton, Tennessee
* Acton, Texas
Shipbuilding

**Shipbuilding** refers to the manufacturing of ships. In the past many ships were built in places like Glasgow and Sunderland but in the 21st century this industry is not big in the United Kingdom and most ships are built in South Korea and China. Japan once built the most ships but is now in 3rd place.

## Related pages
*Boston Navy Yard
Thioester

A **thioester** is a molecule with a group C-S-CO-C. They are like esters, but with a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen one. Like esters, they can be made from carboxylic acids. In the synthesis, a thiol is used instead of an alcohol. 

Thioesters are very important in biochemistry. They are made in the body during reactions that make fatty acids. They are also important intermediates in the production of ATP, which is the molecule that gives energy to the body.

In chemistry, thioesters can be also used as electrophiles. They are more reactive than esters and amides. They can also do aldol reactions.
Trading Mom

***Trading Mom*** (also released as *The Mommy Market*) is a 1994 fantasy/comedy movie written and directed by Tia Brelis. Starring Sissy Spacek and Anna Chlumsky, it features the final acting role of André the Giant, who died a year before the movie was released.

## Plot
Elizabeth, Jeremy, and Harry Martin are three children who have had up to the edge with their mother, a nagging workaholic. Soon, they meet a mysterious gardener named Mrs. Cavour, who tells the siblings of an ancient spell that will make their mother disappear. After saying the incantation one night, the next morning, their mother has disappeared along with their memories of her. Mrs. Cavour tells the children of a place in town called the Mommy Market, where they have about every kind of mother one can think of. The Mommy Market has a policy, however, that one receives three tokens to take one of the mothers home, and if the children do not find a suitable mother by their third token, they could not return. Unfortunately for the children, the mothers they pick, a snappy French woman, a nature-hiker, and a circus performer, do not sit well with the kids, now feeling lost without a guardian to look after them. They want their own mother and try to remember something about her to break the spell.
## References
Krsto Papić

**Krsto Papić** (December 7, 1933 &ndash; February 7, 2013) was a Croatian screenwriter and movie director. His career lasted for almost 50 years. He retired in 2012. He was nominated for a Golden Globe in 1989.

Papić was born on December 7, 1933 in Vučji Do, near Nikšić, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Papić died on February 7, 2013 from stomach cancer in Zagreb, Croatia, aged 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
North–South divide

The **North–South divide** is a term often used in the geography of socio-economics. It describes a difference in economic development between the north and south of the world. The North is made up of mostly developed countries in the Northern Hemisphere – those of Europe and North America. The South is made up of mostly developing and undeveloped countries – those in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Many of them are in the Southern Hemisphere. The North is home to four of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and all members of the G8.

## Related pages
*North–South divide in the United Kingdom
Thioether

A **thioether** is a molecule with the group R-S-R. The first atom in R is a carbon. Thioethers take their name from ethers. They have a sulfur instead of an oxygen atom between the two R. Thioethers can have very bad smells like thiols. They can also be called sulfides. The C-S-C bond is at nearly 90 degrees.

Thioethers are important in biology. They are present in some amino acids. Petroleum has many thioethers in it as well. Thioethers can be made in the laboratory by the reaction of a thiol with a base and an electrophile. They can do many interesting reactions. It is easy to oxidize them to sulfoxides and then sulfones. 

Dimethyl sulfide is the simplest thioether. It is used in important reactions like the Swern oxidation. This makes aldehydes starting from alcohols.
Limbic system

The **limbic system** is a group of structures in the brain. These structures cover both sides of the thalamus, right under the cerebrum. It is not a separate system, but a collection of structures from the cerebrum, diencephalon, and midbrain. These structures include the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate gyrus, nucleus accumbens and part of the thalamus. It supports many different functions, including emotion, behaviour, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction.

## References
John Kerr (actor)

**John Grinham Kerr** (November 15, 1931 &ndash; February 2, 2013) was an American actor and lawyer. As an actor. he worked in movies, television and on stage. He won a Tony Award in 1954.

## Early life
Kerr was born on November 15, 1931 in New York City, New York. His parents were British actor Geoffrey Kerr and American actress June Walker. He studied at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Harvard University.

## Career
Kerr had a major role in the movie version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's *South Pacific* (1958), playing Lt. Joe Cable, the newly arrived marine about to be sent on a dangerous spy mission.

In *The Crowded Sky* (1960), Kerr played a pilot who helps the Captain (Dana Andrews) steer a crippled airliner back to earth. Another movie appearance was in Roger Corman's *The Pit and the Pendulum* (1961). In 1963, Kerr had a continuing role on "Arrest and Trial", playing Assistant DA Barry Pine.

## Personal life
Kerr was married to Priscilla Smith from 1952 until they divorced in 1972. Then he was married to Barbara Chu from 1979 until his death in 2013. He had three children with Smith.

### Death
Kerr died on February 2, 2013 in Pasadena, California from heart failure, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Obituary - Variety
* 
*
Barney Martin

**Barney Martin** (March 3, 1923 &ndash; March 21, 2005) was an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Morty Seinfeld, father of Jerry, on the famous sitcom *Seinfeld*.

Martin was born on March 3, 1923 in Queens, New York to an Irish-Catholic family. Martin died on March 21, 2005 in his home in Studio City, California from lung cancer, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*Obituary for Barney Martin in *The New York Times*
*
*
Lizzie Velasquez

**Elizabeth Anne Velásquez** (; born March 13, 1989) is an American woman whose rare medical condition has led her to become an author and public speaker.

## Early life and background
She was born on 13 March 1989. Her age was reported as 23 in September 2012, a time when she was near to finishing college from Texas State University majoring in communication studies. Her birth weight was only 2 pounds 11 ounces. She was raised by her mother Rita and father Guadalupe as their first child. She has 2 younger sisters.

## Living with NPS
Only two other people in the world are known to have the condition she is living with. The oldest woman is called Amanda and lives in England, and the youngest Abigail in the same city as Lizzie (Austin,Texas). Lizzie has no body fat, and weighs only 61 pounds. She is blind in her right eye, and has limited vision in the left eye.

She has spoken at over 200 events as a motivational speaker,

## Books she wrote
The first book she wrote was her own life story up to 2010. Her mother and Cynthia Lee were its co-writers.

Her second book, *Be Beautiful, Be You* came out in September 2012. It urges people to learn that it is not appearance which matters the most, and that people should love themselves for who they are.

## References
## Other websites
*Lizzie Velásquez's official YouTube channel
Mexican Mafia

The **Mexican Mafia** is a Mexican American crime organization. It began in the United States, not Mexico. 

The **Mexican Mafia** (Spanish: *Mafia Mexicana*), also known as ***La eMe*** (Spanish for "the M"), is a mostly Mexican American prison gang and criminal organization in the United States. The gang formed in the United States, not Mexico, despite its name.

The Mexican Mafia is one of the most powerful and violent prison gangs in the United States. The U.S. Government considers it to be "among the most powerful, dangerous and feared criminal organizations in the world". Additionally, the gang has tens of thousands of "foot soldiers" in street gangs throughout the state of California.

## References
Russian mafia

The term **Russian mafia** represents various crime groups all across the former Soviet Union. They are not a single criminal club, though they represent similar goals and structures which define them. Organized crime in Russia began during early 1700s with thievery and banditry. Nowadays, close to six thousand different groups operate, 200 of which have global reach.

*The Russian Mafia is more commonly known as*

''"**The Bratva**" or "**The Brotherhood**".It's head is called the " **Pakhan**" who is considered the boss of this crime organization. A certain number of crime families form the **Bratva**.Each of the families have a head who has a seat in the **Bratva** table. This prestigious crime organization is traditional in nature and is ruthless too.'' 

This information is represented by 

Swastika Dandapat.
Curator

A **curator** or **keeper** looks after collections. It may be a private activity, but usually they look after the collections of a cultural heritage institution. Art galleries, museums, libraries or archives have curators. Zoos have zookeepers and underkeepers.

Curators are subject-matter experts who act as managers. It is an official job description in institutions which have collections. The curator's work involves objects of some kind, such as artwork, collectibles, historic items or scientific collections. Curators in zoos are usually called 'keepers', but it is the same idea.

The word **curator** comes from the Latin word *curare*, meaning to look after.
Albus Dumbledore

, as he appeared at *Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince* movie.]]
**Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore** is a fictional character of the *Harry Potter* series. He was the headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry until his death in 1996. He first found Harry when he was a little boy and since then they developed a relationship. In the *Harry Potter* movies he is played first by Richard Harris, and then by Michael Gambon after Harris died, and a younger version of the character was played by Jude Law. He will be portrayed by John Lithgow in the upcoming television series *Harry Potter* for the streaming service HBO Max. He had two siblings, Aberforth Dumbledore and Ariana Dumbledore.

Dumbledore is killed by Severus Snape in the sixth book/movie, after Draco Malfoy failed to do so. However, his character's backstory is explored in the last book of the series. His death would lead to the final battle between Harry Potter and Voldemort.

Though it is never mentioned in any of the books, the author announced publicly that Dumbledore is gay.

## References
Amber Valletta

**Amber Valletta** (February 9, 1974, Phoenix, Arizona) is an American movie and television program actress and model. She started as a model for fashion agencies. She appeared in movies including *Hitch* (2005), *The Spy Next Door* and the television series *Revenge*. Her acting career began around 1993.

## References
Mary Steenburgen

**Mary Nell Steenburgen** (born February 8, 1953) is an American Golden Globe and Academy Award winning actress. She has starred in a lot of notable movies. Steenburgen was born in Arkansas.

## References
Bazargan

**Bazargan** (; also Romanized as **Bāzargān**, **Bāzarqān**, and **Bāzergān**) is a city in Iran. It is the capital of Bazargan District, in Maku County, West Azerbaijan Province. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,047, in 2,126 families.

## References
## Related pages
* Mehdi Bazargan
Rockefeller University

**The Rockefeller University** is an American private university in New York City. It does research and offers postgraduate and postdoctoral education. It conducts research mainly in biological sciences and medical science, and has produced or attracted many Nobel laureates.

The Rockefeller University is on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, between 63rd and 68th Streets along York Avenue.

A number of important journals are published by the Rockefeller University Press: the *Journal of Experimental Medicine*, the *Journal of Cell Biology*, and *The Journal of General Physiology*.

## At a glance
Fostering an interdisciplinary atmosphere among its 73 laboratories, a faculty member is assigned to one of only six interconnecting research areas.

### Research areas
*biochemistry, structural biology, chemistry
*molecular cell & developmental biology
*medical sciences & human genetics
*immunology, virology, microbiology
*physics & mathematical biology
*neuroscience

### University community
* Over 70 heads of laboratories
*190 research and clinical scientists
*360 postdoctoral investigators
*1,000 support staff
*150 Ph.D. students
*50 M.D.-Ph.D. students
*890 alumni

## Nobel Prize winners
:2011 Ralph Steinman (Physiology or Medicine)
:2003 Roderick MacKinnon (Chemistry)
:2001 Paul Nurse (Physiology or Medicine)
:2000 Paul Greengard (Physiology or Medicine)
:1999 Günter Blobel (Physiology or Medicine)
:1984 R. Bruce Merrifield (Chemistry)
:1981 Torsten Wiesel (Physiology or Medicine)
:1975 David Baltimore (Physiology or Medicine)
:1974 Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade (Physiology or Medicine)
:1972 Stanford Moore, William H. Stein (Chemistry)
:1972 Gerald M. Edelman (Physiology or Medicine)
:1967 H. Keffer Hartline (Physiology or Medicine)
:1966 Peyton Rous (Physiology or Medicine)
:1958 Joshua Lederberg (Physiology or Medicine)
:1958 Edward Tatum (Physiology or Medicine)
:1953 Fritz Lipmann (Physiology or Medicine)
:1946 John H. Northrop (Chemistry)
:1946 Wendell M. Stanley (Chemistry)
:1944 Herbert S. Gasser (Physiology or Medicine)
:1930 Karl Landsteiner (Physiology or Medicine)
:1912 Alexis Carrel (Physiology or Medicine)

## References
Christine Gregoire

**Christine Gregoire** (; née '''O'Grady'''; born March 24, 1947) is an American politician. She was the 22nd Governor of Washington from  2005 until 2013. She was a member for United States Democratic Party and the second female Governor of Washington. Gregoire chaired the National Governors Association for the 2010–2011 term. She was born in Adrian, Michigan.

## References
Economics of fascism

The term **economics of fascism** refers to the economic systems that are used by fascist regimes. In general, Fascist regimes wanted to exert strong control over the economy, but also defend private property. The first cases of dirigisme happened in France. One of the first such movements is known as Colbertisme, after Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683). Colbert was the chief minister of finances of King Louis XIV of France. The ideas of Social Darwinism had a strong influence on Fascist regimes: Some people and enterprises did better than others; those that did better needed the support of the state, and those that did not do as well, needed to be eradicated. Since most Fascist regimes were also influenced by racist ideas, the general tendency was to support the companies of the people of the "better" race. Gaetano Salvemini, an Italian historian said in 1936 that fascism made taxpayers responsible to private enterprise, because "the State pays for the blunders of private enterprise... Profit is private and individual. Loss is public and social." Fascist governments encouraged the pursuit of private profit and offered many benefits to large businesses, but they demanded in return that all economic activity should serve the national interest.

## References
Mario Party 3

***Mario Party 3*** is a party board video game for the Nintendo 64 console. It is the third game in the *Mario Party* series. It is the last *Mario Party* game for the Nintendo 64. It was made by Hudson Soft and published by Nintendo. It was released on December 7, 2000 in Japan, on May 7, 2001 in North America, and on September 3, 2001 in Europe.

## Gameplay
*Mario Party 3* plays like the first two *Mario Party* games. Players go around on boards to collect coins, which they can use to buy stars. Movement is done with the use of a dice block with the numbers one through ten. After all four players take their turns, a mini-game is played. The player who wins the mini-game wins coins. The winner is the player with the most stars at the end of the game. A new element in this game is the Game Guy Space. If a player lands on this space, they must pay all of their coins to play a mini-game. If successful, the player's coins will be doubled (or more, depending on the outcome). If the player fails, they lose all of their coins. This is the only *Mario Party* game this space appears in. Also, the player may now hold up to three items at a time. Six boards are available. The last one must be unlocked in Story Mode.

A new feature in this game are duel boards. Here, the player faces another player in a one-on-one duel on a board. Both players have up to two partners they can use. Twelve partners are available to use. The object is to decrease the other player's health to zero. There are six duel boards available. Duel boards are played after party boards in Story Mode. In Story Mode, the player gets a stamp for winning.

Eight characters are playable in this game. Two characters, Waluigi and Princess Daisy, make their first playable appearances in this game.
United States Minor Outlying Islands

The **United States Minor Outlying Islands** are nine island territories of the United States. They are Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean; and Navassa Island in the Caribbean Sea. The islands are grouped together for statistical reasons. They are not administered together.

As of 2008, none of the islands have any people living there permanently. The only human population consists of temporary scientific and military personnel.  The 2000 census counted 315 people on Johnston Atoll and 1 person on Wake Island. There has been no modern indigenous population, except at the 1940 census. In 1936, a colonization scheme began to settle Americans on Baker, Howland and Jarvis, but all three islands were evacuated in 1942 because of World War II.

The islands are all together represented by the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code UM. The ISO introduced the term "United States Minor Outlying Islands" in 1986. From 1974 until 1986, five of the islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef) were grouped under the term "United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands", with ISO 3166 code PU. The code of Midway Atoll was MI, the code of Johnston Atoll was JT, and the code of Wake Island was WK. The Pacific islands are surrounded by large Exclusive Economic Zones.

## Airports
The following is a list of island airports with ICAO (IATA) codes:

* PJON (JON): Johnston Atoll Airport, Johnston Atoll
* PMDY (MDY): Henderson Field (Midway Atoll), (Naval Air Facility), Sand Island
* PWAK (AWK): Wake Island Airfield, Wake Island
* PLPA: Palmyra (Cooper) Airport, Palmyra Atoll, Cooper Island
* PBAR: Baker Island Airport, Baker Island
* PLUR: Jarvis Airport, Jarvis Island

## Ports
Three of the islands have ports listed in the World Port Index, with World Port Number:

*56325 JOHNSTON ATOLL: Johnston Atoll
*56328 MIDWAY ISLAND: Midway Atoll
*56330 WAKE ISLAND: Wake Island
*not listed WEST LAGOON: Palmyra Atoll

Baker Island, Howland Island and Jarvis Island have a small boat landing place on each. Kingman Reef and Navassa Island have offshore anchorage only.

## Islands
## References
## Other websites
*WorldStatesmen- U.S.
*Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges 
*CIA World Factbook: United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges 
*Historical Population figures 
*dates of acquisition
Social work

**Social work** is work done for the welfare of the society. A social worker is a trained person who is paid to manage problems in society.

Social workers are employed to organise welfare and social care for  people who cannot help themselves.

Training includes anthropology, economics, education, law, medicine, philosophy, politics, psychology, sociology and science.

Over time, social work has changed.  It was mostly a religious and charitable practice. Now it is more professional. It is less a private and volunteer activity and more a publicly funded, paid occupation.

## Work of a social worker
Social workers may do any of these things:

* Assessing strength of a person, their family, and their social support systems to help them within the community.
* Educating a family on the physical and social needs of its members and how they can get help,
* Counselling for individuals and families 
* Managing the risk of self harm  or danger to others.
* Managing money — finding people who need financial assistance.
* Helping people to come in or out of hospitals and other institutions
* Showing people how to find help

## Challenges
Social workers often have a lot of work and pressure to solve problems. It is a demanding job where people have occupational burnout. Social workers will have cases of homelessness, chronic unemployment, lack of income, lack of health insurance coverage, prison history, and substance abuse problems. Any of these problems, separately and together, can cause difficulty.

## Related pages
*Foster care
*Group home
*Disability

## References
Mitchell Ryan

**Mitchell "Mitch" Ryan** (January 11, 1934 &ndash; March 4, 2022) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as Burke Devlin in *Dark Shadows*, Edward Montgomery in *Dharma & Greg* and as Dr. Terence Wynn in *Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers*. He also played the villain General Peter McAllister in *Lethal Weapon*.

Ryan was born on January 11, 1934 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was raised in Louisville, Kentucky. He was married to Lynda Morse from 1972 until they divorced. They had three children. 

Ryan died on March 4, 2022 at his home in Los Angeles, California from congestive heart failure, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
LaSalle Street

**LaSalle Street** is a major north-south street in Chicago named after Sieur de La Salle, an early explorer from Illinois. The section that runs through the Chicago Loop is thought to be Chicago's financial district. The Chicago Board of Trade Building is in the north part of the street. The street is a good spot for movies because of the location of the Trade Building. The street also has many tall buildings.

## References
Lake Shore Drive

**Lake Shore Drive** is a freeway-standard expressway in Chicago, Illinois. It runs along the shore of Lake Michigan. The highway passes Navy Pier all the through 875 North Michigan Avenue. The drive is a dangerous area during blizzards. The drive was named Leif Ericson Drive (after Leif Ericson) until it was renamed in 1946.

## References
## Other websites
* Lake Shore Drive Redux  from ForgottenChicago.com
* The Campaign to Depave Lake Shore Drive
* Historic, Current & Average Travel Times For Lake Shore Drive
Navy Pier

**Navy Pier** is a pier on the Chicago shoreline of Lake Michigan. It is  long. It is in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. The pier was built in 1916. It cost $4.5 million. It was a part of the Plan of Chicago developed by architect and city planner Daniel Burnham and his partners. The pier has a  tall Ferris wheel.

## Other websites
* 
* Chicago Children's Museum on Navy Pier 
* Chicago Shakespeare Theater on Navy Pier
* IMAX Theater on Navy Pier 
* Photos of Navy Pier at Night 
* 3D Google Earth Model