open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Episcopal High School

**Episcopal High School** was founded in 1839.  It is a private boarding school in Alexandria, VA.  The school's nickname is 'The Holy Hill' and it's campus is 130 acres large.  Around 435 students live on the campus.  These students are from 30 states, the District of Columbia and 17 countries.  The school does not take any day students, all of the students have to live on campus.

## History
When it was founded in 1839, it was the first high school in Virginia.  It was originally called the 'Howard School'.  It became known as 'The High School'.

## Honor Code
The school has a set of simple rules it calls *honor code*.  Many schools have rules similar to Episcopal's Honor Code.
Episcopal's Honor Code says:
*I will not lie.
*I will not cheat.
*I will not steal.
*I will report the student who does.
After a student finishes an important document, he or she must write the following and sign their name:
*I hereby certify upon my honor that I have neither given nor received assistance on this examination, nor am I aware of any breach in the honor system.

## Notable Alumni 
*Stephen Ailes, Secretary of the Army (1964-1965)
*Lee S. Ainslie, Managing Partner, Maverick Capital
*Louis Bacon, hedge fund manager, Member of the Forbes 400
*Lenox D. Baker, Member of the Board, Anthem Healthcare
*Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War (1916-1921)
*T. Berry Brazelton, pediatrician and creator of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
*Gaston Caperton, ex-governor of West Virginia and president of the College Board
*Virginius Dabney, editor of the *Richmond Times-Dispatch* (1936-1969) and winner of the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
*Paul DePodesta, former GM, Los Angeles Dodgers
*David R. Dougherty, Headmaster of The Hill School, Pottstown, PA
*Jonathan Dunlap - NASCAR Nextel Cup driver
*Todd Gray, Chef and Owner of DC's Equinox Restaurant
*Tim Hightower, NFL Running Back, Arizona Cardinals
*Lester Kinsolving, Political Talk Show Host on WCBM and Member of White House Press Corps
*Ryder Lee, Lead Vocals, The Lost Trailers
*Burnet R. Maybank Jr., Former Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina, candidate for Governor, SC Senator, and lawyer.
*John McCain (1954), Republican senator from Arizona and the 2008 Republican Party candidate for President of the United States
*R. Walton Moore, United States House of Representatives(D-VA), (1919-1931)
*Andrew Nielson, Bass Guitar, The Lost Trailers
*Stokes Nielson, Guitar, Vocals, Songwriter, The Lost Trailers
*Jeff Potter, Drums, The Lost Trailers
*Julian Robertson, financier
*Quentin Roosevelt, youngest son of Theodore Roosevelt
*William Shepard "Shep" Rose III, *Southern Charm,* cast member
*Bryson Spinner, NFL QB, San Francisco 49ers
*Ernest M. Stires, Episcopal Bishop of Long Island
*Tian Zheng, Financier

## References
Choral scholar

A **choral scholar** is a student at a university who gets money to help with the fees of his or her studies (a “scholarship”) in exchange for singing in the university’s choir.  Some private schools also have **choral scholarships**. 

In the United Kingdom there are choral scholarships available at schools belonging to a cathedral or to one of the university colleges in Oxford and Cambridge.  Some of these choirs are world famous for their church music such as the choirs of King’s College, Cambridge, St John’s College, Cambridge or New College, Oxford.  Choral scholars in such choirs will be expected to sing at the services in the morning and evening (late afternoon) on Sundays as well as at Evensong on several days during the week.  There will be rehearsals on most days.

## References 
*Collegium Regale – The Choral Scholars of King's College, Cambridge 
*Choral scholarships in Britain
Kyogo Kawaguchi

**Kyogo Kawaguchi** (born October 1, 1974 in Sano City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese singer-songwriter. 
He is now working towards world peace with "Chikyukyoudai" ("World Siblings"). His notable works include "Sakura". 

## Singles
## Other websites 
* Kyogo Kawaguchi official website
Masaharu Fukuyama

**Masaharu Fukuyama** is a Japanese singer and movie and television actor. He is from Nagasaki, Kyūshū. One of his most well-known songs is "Sakurazaka".

## References
## Other websites
*Fukuyama Masaharu Official web site 
*
Advent

The Season of **Advent** begins on a Sunday about four weeks before Christmas Day. It is celebrated by most Christian Churches, as well as some other Christian communities. 

Not all Christian people remember Advent. Some people use it as a time of fasting, study, meditation and prayer. 

## What is it? 
Advent is a time when some Christians prepare for two things. The first is the coming of the baby Jesus and the Christmas holiday. The other is the Second Coming of Jesus.

Generally, Advent is a time when many people are very busy in preparation for Christmas Day, cleaning and decorating, buying food and gifts, writing cards and letters, and cooking the Christmas feast. 

## Calendars & candles 
Special Advent calendars are made for children, with pictures or treats for each day of Advent. 

Some churches use special candles during Advent. In many countries it is very common to have an advent wreath with 4 candles. Every advent Sunday, one candle more will be lighted, so that on Advent 4th all 4 candles are burning. The bright wreath and candles symbolize Jesus bringing light to Christmas.
Okonomiyaki

is a Japanese food dish of a pan-fried batter cake and different ingredients including meat, seafood, and vegetables. Most okonomiyaki has cabbage in it.

The name of this dish means "cook what you like". *Okonomiyaki* is mainly associated with Kansai or Hiroshima, but is widely available throughout the country.

*Okonomiyaki* is the popular food in Japan. In postwar Hiroshima, *okonomiyaki* was invented to save a few wheat flour  and vegetables (for example, cabbage, bean sprout, green onion and so on.) because foods are shortage. It is called "*okonomiyaki *(fried liking foods)" because people made *okonomiyaki* to include their favorite foods in the past.

## How to make it 
First, you cook mixed water and wheat flour and shape like a thin circle.

Second, you put cabbage, pork , other toppings and *tempura* bits and turn it over.

Third, you put fried noodles on it.

Fourth, you shape egg like a thin circle and put it below.

Fifth, you turn it over and put sauce and green laver on it.

## References
Pirog

**Pyrih**  (the plural is *pyrohy*) is a Ukrainian pie that can have either a sweet or savory filling. In Russia and Belarus it is called **pirog** (plural is *pirogi*).

## Pastry 
Pyrih (pirog) is usually made from yeast-raised dough, but can also be made from shortcrust or puff pastry. Pyrohy or pirogi are full-sized pies, while pyrizhky or pirozhki are smaller-sized pies that can be eaten with one hand.

The standard shape for pyrohy is oblong with tapering ends, but rectangular or circular pyrohy are also common. They can be closed or open-faced with no  on top (like a tart).

## Filling 
The filling for pyrohy may be sweet and contain cottage cheese, or fruits like apple, plums or various berries. Savory versions may consist of meat, fish, mushrooms, cabbage, buckwheat groats or potato. In Ukrainian and Russian cuisines, pyrohy with a savory filling are traditionally served (like pirozhki) together with borscht, or soup.

## Recipes 
* Pyrih with fish 
* Ukrainian Pyrih with Cabbage filling
* Ukrainian Vegetable and Meat Pastry Pyrih
* Ukrainian Easter Cheesecake with Raisins (Syrnyi Pyrih)
Queens' College, Cambridge

'''Queens' College''' is one of the colleges that make up the University of Cambridge in England. It was first founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou (the Queen of Henry VI), and refounded in 1465 by Elizabeth Woodville (the Queen of Edward IV). This is why the name of the college is spelt Queens' and not Queen's: it was founded by two queens. 

The ''President's Lodge'' of Queens' is the oldest building on the river at Cambridge, dating from about 1460.

The college is on both sides of the river Cam. A bridge joins the two parts. This bridge is always called the "Mathematical Bridge". The students call the older part of the college "The Dark Side" and the newer part "The Light Side".

Many people take photographs of the college. There is a story that the bridge was designed and built by Sir Isaac Newton without the use of nuts or bolts. The story says that once some students tried to take the bridge apart and put it back together again, but were unable to do so. That is why they had to put nuts and bolts in which can be seen today. The story is not true. The bridge was built in 1749, after Newton had died. It was never taken apart although it was rebuilt twice.

Stephen Fry is one of many famous people who have studied there.

## Other websites 
* Queens' College website
Peace and Truce of God

The **Peace of God** was a movement that was begun by bishops in southern France around 990 CE to limit the violence against property and the unarmed. The Carolingian Empire had collapsed, and the nobles were usually fighting with each other.

The **Truce of God** extended the Peace of God by setting aside certain days of the week on which violence was not allowed. Where the Peace of God limited violence against the church and the poor, the Truce of God was about preventing or limiting fighting between Christians, especially knights.

## References
Desmoxytes purpurosea

The **shocking pink dragon millipede** (also called the **dragon millipede** (*Desmoxytes purpurosea*) is a millipede which has a bright pink color on its spiny body). It is very toxic. They have glands that release cyanide to protect them from predators.

The millipede has glands that produce hydrogen cyanide to protect it from predators, a fact advertised by its aposematic color. Because it produces cyanide, it smells like almonds.

It is one of a thousand new spcies found in the Greater Mekong region in the last ten years. It can be found at the Tai side of the Mekong river.

## References
Scholarship

A **scholarship** is financial help (money) given to someone who wants to study. Scholarships can be given by schools or by universities or colleges or any other institution where people can study or where research needs to be done.  It is similar to a bursary.

There are very many kinds of scholarships.  Some scholarships will cover all the tuition fees (money that the student needs to pay to study), others may just help towards the tuition fees.  Some scholarships may include money for other things such as food and accommodation.

Sometimes the students are expected to do something in return for having a scholarship.  They may, for example, be expected to do some particular work after they finish their studies, or they may need to help the institution in some way.  Quite often the amount of money a student gets will depend on how much money the family has.

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women says that scholarship must be equally given for girls without discrimination.

## Related pages
*Choral scholar
*Right to education

## Note
I WiSH

**I WiSH** was a Japanese music group. Members were: ai and nao. Ai is the vocal and plays piano. Nao plays piano　and keyboard. They were famous　for "Asueno Tobira", but this group ended in 2005.

## Other websites 
*I WISH Official site
Trimeresurus trigonocephalus

The **Trimeresurus trigonocephalus**, commonly known as the "*Sri Lankan Green Pit viper*", is a species of venomous Pit vipers found in Sri Lanka. There are no subspecies currently recognized.

## Description
Males are smaller than females who can grow to the length of around 130&nbsp;cm, while males can grow up to the length of 80&nbsp;cm. They are green in color, and their back has some shades of yellow, they also have black stripes all over them and have a black tail.

## Behavior
The Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is nocturnal and arboreal (it lives in trees), but can sometimes be found on the ground looking for food like frogs, lizards, and small mammals, it also eats birds which it finds in the trees. In the morning Sri Lankan Green Pit vipers can be seen on top of trees so they can warm up their body with the sun rays that hit them.

### Reproduction
The Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They give birth to their young during June and July. The have around 5 to 25 young at a time.

### Where they live
They are found in grasslands and rain forests of Sri Lanka

## Common Names
The Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is also known as the "*Pala Polonga*" and the "*Green Pit viper*".

## Venom
The venom of the Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is hemotoxic. The bite of a Sri Lakan Green Pit viper is very painful, when someone is bitten by a Sri Lankan Green Pit viper the bitten area swells up, and the pain may last for a few days. The cells of living tissue die, blisters occur, and ptosis and lymphadenopathy take place. However, there have been no reports on deaths.
 
## References
Venomous snake

, *Dendroaspis viridis*, a venomous elapid.]]
A **venomous snake** is a snake that uses venom (poison) on prey to stop them and for self-defense.

## Families 
Over 600 species are known to be venomous -- less than one fifth of all snake species.

## References
## Other websites
* For goodness snakes Treating and Preventing Venomous Bites.
* Venomous Snakes  Pictures, videos and description of the most venomous snakes in the world.
* Venomous snakes and outdoor workers Bite-prevention and treatment information for outdoor workers.
* Snakes World  here is a deep knowledge related to all types of snakes
Great egret

The **great egret** (*Ardea alba*) (also known an the **common egret**, **large egret**, **great white egret**, or **great white heron**) is a large wading bird found worldwide. 

It is the second-largest member of the heron family in America (second only to the great blue heron). It lives in mudflats, tidal shallows marshes, lakes, rivers and flooded paddy fields. It winters in the south down to Colombia. The great egret flies with slow wing beats and has a deep, croaking call. It is 90-102 cm long.

## Diet 
The great egret eats fish, lizards, frogs, crayfish, small rodents, and insects. It often hunts in shallow water, usually impaling the prey on its long, sharp bill.

## Egg and nests 
The great egret's nest is a platform of twigs and sticks that is built in trees or on the ground. Females lay 3-5 pale blue-green eggs in each clutch (a set of eggs laid at one time). The incubation period of the eggs is 23–26 days.

## References 
Birds of the Indian Subcontinent-2010, Oxford University Press, Richard Grimmett, Carol Inskipp, Tim Inskipp
AXXo

**aXXo** is the Internet alias of an individual or group, who has been allegedly harassed by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) for copyright infringement. He is famous for converting DVD movies into computer files that can be uploaded into the Internet and be downloaded by other people for free.

## References
Despatch rider

A **despatch rider** is someone in the army who delivers messages ("despatch" or "dispatch" means "to send someone or something off on a journey").  A despatch rider either rides a horse or a motorcycle.

Despatch riders were used by armies to send messages between headquarters and the fighting soldiers.  They might be delivering reports, but sometimes they took urgent messages which were often secret.  It was a very dangerous job.  Travelling between the lines of fighting armies the despatch rider could easily be blown up by a mine, shot by gunfire, or captured by the enemy.

Despatch riders always used to ride on horseback.  In the 20th century they usually rode motorcycles.  They were used a lot in World War I and even in World War II, although by the end of World War II electronic communications and cryptography had improved so that despatch riders were rarer.

## Other websites 
* Despatch riders
Ernest Moeran

**Ernest Moeran** (born Heston, Middlesex, England, 31 December 1894; died 1 December 1950) was an English composer.

## Early life
Moeran (pronounce: “MORE-an”) was born in Heston, to the west of London.  His father was an  Irish clergyman.  Ernest spent most of his childhood living on the coast of Norfolk.  He learned to play the violin and the piano.  At first he was taught at home by a  governess.  When he was ten he went to school.  In 1908, he went to Uppingham School where he spent five years.  When he left school in 1913 he started to study piano and composition at the Royal College of Music with Charles Villiers Stanford.

## War service
Moeran’s studies at the Royal College of Music were interrupted after 18 months because of the start of World War I.  He joined the army as a despatch rider but he was soon badly injured in the head and could no longer fight in the army.    After the war he did some music teaching, but then he started to study music again.  His teacher this time was John Ireland who had been a pupil of Moeran’s earlier teacher Stanford.

## Composing music
After these studies his music started to be performed a lot.  His *First Rhapsody* for orchestra was performed several times, including in 1924 by the Hallé Orchestra conducted by Hamilton Harty.  He was asked to compose a symphony for the Hallé Orchestra, but he preferred to write shorter pieces, especially chamber music and piano music.   In 1931 he wrote a *String Trio* which is one of his best works.   

Moeran became interested in folk music.  He liked to go to country pubs and listen to the people singing there.  He collected about 150 folk songs in Norfolk and Suffolk and made many arrangements of them.

By the mid-1920s, Moeran had become close friends with Peter Warlock.  They lived together and often went out drinking together.  Moeran gradually became an alcoholic.

In 1945, after Warlock had died, Moeran married the cellist Peers Coetmore. The marriage was not very happy although it helped Moeran to compose some of his best pieces:  the *Cello Concerto* and *Cello Sonata*.

Moeran was found drowned in the River Kenmare.  At first people thought he had committed suicide but then it was found that he had had a heart attack and died before he fell into the water.

## His music
Moeran’s music is influenced by folk song.  His harmonies are often like those of Delius.  He was also influenced by Vaughan Williams, Holst, Bax, John Ireland and Peter Warlock.  For many years he concentrated on piano music, songs and chamber music, but in his later years he wrote larger works such as the Symphony in G minor (1934-7) and his Concertos for the Violin and the Cello.

## Other websites 
*The Worldwide Moeran Database by Andrew Rose, including a more detailed biography and a complete list of works.
The Ting Tings

**The Ting Tings** are an English duo Pop-Retro rock indie band formed in England in 2004. They are famous for the studio album *We Started Nothing* and famous for the hit pop singles *Shut Up and Let Me Go*, *Great DJ*, ''That's Not My Name*, and *Be The One*. The pop band is only a 2 member band with Katie White and Jules De Martino. The band members met whilst at Leeds University.

## Discography for *The Ting Tings*
### Albums
* May 2008 - *We Started Nothin*

### Singles
* *That's Not My Name / Great DJ* from *We Started Nothin* (May 2008)
* *Fruit Machine* from *We Started Nothin* (2007 [originally 2008])
* *Great DJ (Re-Release)* from *We Started Nothin* (Feb-March 2008)
* *That's Not My Name (Re-Release)* from *We Started Nothin* (2008)
* *Shut Up and Let Me Go* from *We Started Nothin* (July 2008)
* *Be The One* from *We Stated Nothin'' (October 2008)

## References
Shut Up and Let Me Go

"**Shut Up and Let Me Go**" (aka: "**Shut Up & Let Me Go**") is the third single off the studio album *We Started Nothing* by The Ting Tings. The song was released in the United Kingdom on July 21st of 2008, and was the follow-up to the number one hit single "That's Not My Name". The song was added to the coveted A-list of BBC Radio 1's playlist, and has received a substantial amount of airplay during the day on the station. The single peaked at number six in both the UK Singles Chart and the UK Download Chart.
We Started Nothing

***We Started Nothing*** is an album recorded by Pop duo The Ting Tings. Singles include "Shut Up and Let Me Go", and "Be The One". The studio album was released May 2008. The album was also released as a limited edition LP on red vinyl limited to 2,000 copies. 

## Track Listing 
# "Great DJ"
# "That's Not My Name"
# "Fruit Machine"
# "Traffic Light"
# "Shut Up and Let Me Go"
# "Keep You Head"
# "Be The One"
# "We Walk"
# "Impacilla Carpisung"
# "We Started Nothing"
1987 Sino-Indian skirmish

The **1987 Sino-Indian skirmish** occurred at Sumdorong Chu Valley. This was the second conflict between the PRC and India, with the previous one taking place a quarter of a century earlier.

The skirmish happened on the McMahon Line, which has marked the border of Tibet and India since 1914. Tibet has been occupied by China since 1951 and China disagrees with the line. 

## Related pages
*Sino-Indian border dispute
Leeds Triennial Festival

The **Leeds Triennial Festival** was a festival of music held in the town of Leeds, Yorkshire in England.  The festival started in the 19th century at a time when very large choirs were in fashion.  Although there is now no festival called the Leeds Triennial Festival the town of Leeds continues to put on music festivals.

## History
On 7 September 1858 Queen Victoria opened the new Town Hall in Leeds.  It was a very large building, big enough for an audience of 4000 and a choir of 400 singers. The composer Sterndale Bennett conducted an orchestra and choir at the opening performance.

Although “triennial” means something that happens every three years, the next festival did not happen until 1874.  In 1880 the first festival called the Leeds Triennial Festival was conducted by Arthur Sullivan.  These festivals were very famous internationally because a lot of famous composers were asked to write new works for choir and to come and conduct them.  Composers such as Raff, Dvorak, Massenet,  Humperdinck, Parry, Stanford, Elgar and Sullivan himself all wrote new works for the festival.

Later in the 20th century many famous musicians continued to be associated with the festival including Benjamin Britten and Aaron Copland.

Although the last Leeds Triennial Festival took place in 1985 both the Festival Chorus and the Leeds Philharmonic Chorus continue to perform at the Leeds International Concert Season in the Town Hall.

## Other websites
*A short history of the Leeds Triennial Festival
Bandai

**Bandai Co., Ltd.** is a Japanese company that makes toys and video games. It is the third largest toy maker in the world.
Battle, East Sussex

**Battle** is a town in East Sussex, England, UK. It is known as this because it was the place where the Battle of Hastings was fought.

## References
John Key

**Sir John Phillip Key**  (born 9 August 1961) is a New Zealand retired politician and diplomat who was the 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand and was the 11th Leader of the New Zealand National Party. He entered the New Zealand Parliament in 2002 representing the north-west Auckland area of Helensville as a National MP, a seat that he still holds. In 2006 he succeeded Don Brash as the National Party leader in 2006. Key led his party to victory in the 2008 New Zealand general election.

In March 2016, Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand, approved the appointment of Dame Patsy Reddy as the next Governor-General of New Zealand, for a five-year term starting in September 2016, on the advice of John Key.

In December 2016, Key has announced his resignation as prime minister and leader of the National Party. He also instructed the party to put into motion the processes to elect a new leader. He expressed interest in spending more time with his family, stating that he had "never seen [himself] as a career politician" and that "this feels the right time to go". Media reports described the decision as unexpected, and noted the popularity of Key and his party. Bill English won the leadership election and succeeded Key on 12 December. Key was very popular when he left office.

## Personal Life 
Key was born in Auckland, New Zealand, to George Key and Ruth Key. His father, who was from the UK, died of a heart attack in 1967. Key and his two sisters were raised in a state house in Christchurch by his Jewish mother.

He attended Burnside High School, and earned a Bachelor of Commerce degree in accounting from the University of Canterbury in 1981. He has attended management studies courses at Harvard University, although he did not receive a degree from this institution.

Key met his wife Bronagh when they were both students at Burnside High School. They married in 1984. They have two children, Stephie and Max.

## Before politics 
In 1995, he joined Merrill Lynch as head of Asian foreign exchange in Singapore. That same year he was promoted to Merrill's global head of foreign exchange, based in London, where he may have earned around US$2.25 million a year including bonuses, which is about NZ$5 million at 2001 exchange rates. He was a member of the Foreign Exchange Committee of the New York Federal Reserve Bank from 1999 to 2001.

## References
Bryan Adams discography

## Discography
### Studio albums
### Live, compilation & soundtrack albums 
### Singles
## Videography 
### Video albums 
### Music videos 
## References
## Other websites
* 
* The Bryan Adams discography
Land mine

]]
A **land mine** (called a "mine" when a naval mine is clearly not what is meant) is an explosive weapon that is put on the ground or just underneath the ground so that it explodes when a person or vehicle goes by. They are called "mines" because people who put them there often dig a tunnel under the ground (like miners who dig for coal etc.). Many people can be killed by mines, including civilians. Sometimes mines can lie in the ground and kill and injure people years after a war has ended.
]]
There are different types of land mines. Big anti-vehicle mines are against vehicles. Smaller infantry mines are used against foot soldiers. Some mines leap into the air before exploding.
Peter Warlock

**Peter Warlock** (born London, 30 October 1894; died London, 17 December 1930),  was an English composer. “Peter Warlock” was not his real name. His real name was **Philip Heseltine**. He was also a music critic. When he wrote about music he used his real name, but when he composed music he used the pseudonym (borrowed name) "Peter Warlock", which is the name by which he is usually remembered today.

## Life 
Philip Heseltine did not come from a musical family. When he was two years old his father died. His mother married again and went back to live in Wales, where she came from. Philip went to school at Eton College.

He was still a teenager when he was introduced to the composer Delius, who lived in France. They became good friends and Philip made piano arrangements of some of Delius’s music. Later he wrote a book about Delius. He studied in Germany for a time, and then at Oxford where he studied classics. He learned about music by teaching himself. He did not fight in World War I. He was a conscientious objector, but also, his health was not good enough for him to be in the army.

He spent most of his life in London, but he did visit Ireland for a year, and also spent three years with his mother in Wales, and four years in Kent where he lived with Ernest Moeran. Heseltine and Moeran often got drunk together. He became friends with the composer Bernard van Dieren whose music influenced him a lot. He also liked poetry from the time of Queen Elizabeth I.

He died in his apartment from gas poisoning. It is not certain whether it was suicide, but he did let his cat out before he turned on the gas.

## His music
His music, written under the name of Peter Warlock, often has links with his literary writings. Some of the best works he wrote are his songs, especially the song-cycle *The Curlew*, which has lyrics from poems by W. B. Yeats. One of his most popular works is the *Capriol Suite* for string orchestra.

Warlock wrote many carols, such as *Adam Lay Ybounden*, *Tyrley Tyrlow*, and *Bethlehem Down*.

Warlock was not influenced by folksong like many other English composers of the time. He liked many different styles, including  Renaissance music and the music of Bartók whom he met.  
## Other websites
*The UK branch of the Peter Warlock Society website
Charles Wood

**Charles Wood** (born Armagh, 15 June 1866; died Cambridge, 12 July 1926) was an Irish composer and teacher.

Charles Wood was born in Armagh, Ireland.  His father sang in the Cathedral choir.  Charles had music lessons from the cathedral organist, then he went to the Royal College of Music where he studied composition with C.V.Stanford and Hubert Parry.  He also learned to play the horn and piano.  After four years he went to Selwyn College, Cambridge, at first to study, then to teach harmony and counterpoint.  In 1889 he got a teaching job at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.  Soon he became their first Director of Music and Organist. When Stanford died, Wood became Professor of Music at Cambridge.

Wood is mainly remembered today for his Anglican church music.  He wrote music for the Communion Service and service settings of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis.   These are often sung today in cathedrals and churches. He wrote many fine anthems including *O thou, the central orb*.  In Cambridge he is remembered for the chimes he wrote for the clocks of Gonville and Caius College.

His pupils included Ralph Vaughan Williams at Cambridge and Herbert Howells at the Royal College of Music.

## References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie ISBN 1-56159-174-2
Arthur Bliss

Sir **Arthur Bliss** CH KCVO (London, 2 August 1891; died London, 27 March 1975) was a British composer.  When he started composing, his music sounded very modern and harsh. As he got older he changed his style and wrote more Romantic music in the style of English composer Edward Elgar.  For more than twenty years he was Master of the Queen's Music.

## Early life
His father was American, his mother was English.  He went to school at Rugby. He went to Cambridge University where he studied with Irish composer Charles Wood.  Wood also taught the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams. Bliss got to know Elgar whose music influenced him very much.

For a short time he learned music from Charles Villiers Stanford at the Royal College of Music.  During World War I he served in the army.

## After World War 1
After the war he started to play his music in public.  These compositions show the influence of Stravinsky, Ravel and Les Six.  His music even sounded jazzy.  After a few years his music became more Romantic.  Elgar asked him to write something for the Three Choirs Festival in 1922.  The piece he composed was his *Colour Symphony* in which he tries to describe colours in music.

During the 1920s his music became more traditional.  He wrote a lot of music for movies including music for the movie *Things to Come* (H.G.Wells).  He loved the theatre and composed music for the ballets *Checkmate* and *Miracle in the Gorbals*.  One of his best works is the choral symphony *Morning Heroes* (1930). This was written to remember those who were killed in World War I.

## America
When World War II started he was in the USA.  He stayed there and taught at Berkeley, California until 1941.  Then he returned to England.  For a time he was Director of Music of the BBC.  He wrote an opera *The Olympians*.  In 1953 he was made Master of the Queen's Music.  He kept that position until his death, writing many pieces of music for official royal occasions.

He was given many honours, including the Companion of Honour and the Royal Victorian Order.

In his later years he composed several works for orchestra as well as for choirs.

He died on 27 March 1975.  His wife, Gertrude died on 21 November 2008 at the age of 104.

## References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie 

## Other websites
*The Arthur Bliss society
Donegal

**Donegal** is a town in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland. 

There are many sandy beaches in the area round Donegal and the town is used as a base for hill-walking in the nearby Bluestack Mountains. Traditionally the largest employer in the town has been Magee of Donegal, makers of tweed garments.
Dingle

**Dingle** is a town in County Kerry, Republic of Ireland. It has a large natural harbour.

Dingle-02-von See-2017-gje.jpg|Seaside of Dingle
Dingle-06-Strand Str-2017-gje.jpg|Strand Str
Dingle-48-Main Street-2017-gje.jpg|Main Street
Dingle-Dolphin watching-28-Landschaft mit Turm-2017-gje.jpg|Tower
Dingle-Dolphin watching-36-Fungie-2017-gje.jpg|Watching dolphin Fungie
Dingle-Dolphin watching-40-Delphin Fungie-2017-gje.jpg|Fungie memorial
Young, New South Wales

**Young** is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is the centre of Young Shire. It is on the Olympic Highway. It is about 2 hours drive from Canberra. Young is in a valley surrounded by hills. In 2001 there were 6,821 people living in Young.

Young is known as the Cherry Capital of Australia and every year hosts the National Cherry Festival.

## History 
 at Young.]] The indigenous people of the district were members of the Burrowmunditory tribe, part of the Wiradjuri people.

James White was the first European settler in the area. He started Burrangong Station (farm) in 1826 by taking an area of 100 square miles. Until that time the area was called Lambing Flat. This was an area where sheep were grazed before the gold rush. The town was officially listed in 1861. About 470,000 ounces of gold were sent by the armed gold escort from the goldfields. Up to 20,000 miners were digging for gold including about 2,000 Chinese miners.

## References
Ammunition

**Ammunition**, often called **ammo**, comes from the French word *la munition*. At first it meant all items used for war. This was from the Latin word *munire* (to provide). It now is used only for bullets and other projectiles that are thrown at the enemy by guns, and the gunpowder or other propellant that throws the projectiles. The group word for all types of ammunition is **munitions**. This means any explosive thing that can be used in combat and includes bombs, missiles, warheads, and mines (landmines, naval mines, and claymore mines). These are made in munitions factories. 

Ammunition is mainly used to attack a target. Ammunition can include flares and incendiary devices that start fires.  Since the invention of the cartridge, ammunition has come to mean the putting of a projectile - the item that is sent to hit the target, and its propellant - the chemical that creates the force, into a single package. 

Ammunition is a complex subject.  It includes many different weapons used by people, such as explosives and propellants, cartridges, high explosive projectiles (HE), warheads, special shells to attack armour and aircraft, carrier projectiles, fuses, mortar ammunition, small arms (revolver and pistol) ammunition, grenades, mines, flares, improved conventional munitions, and computer guided munition.

## References
Emirate

An **emirate** is a political territory that is ruled by an emir, a dynastic Arab Monarch. The word emirate or amirate comes from , *Imaarah* ; plural: إمارات, *Imaraat*.  The United Arab Emirates is a federal state of seven federal emirates, each administered by a hereditary emir, these seven elect the federation's President and Prime Minister. Most emirates have either disappeared or become part of a larger modern state, some changed their rulers' title, e.g. to Malik (Arabic for King) or Sultan. Therefore true emirate-states have become rare. 

In Arabic the term can be generalized to mean any province of a country that is administered by a member of the ruling class, especially of a member of the royal family, as in Saudi Arabian governorates.

## List of independent Emirates 
* Kuwait
* Qatar
* United Arab Emirates

## List of former and integrated emirates 
* The Emirate of Armenia
* Emirate of Sicily, Sicily 965-1072
* Emirate of Granada, Spain 1228-1492
* Emirate of Trarza, modern southwest Mauritania 1640s-1910s
* Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
* Islamic Emirate of Waziristan
* Az Zubayr
* Bahrain, became a kingdom in 2002

## References 
## Other websites 
* What Is Life Really Like In Dubai, UAE?; YouTube
Glasgow Subway

The **Glasgow Subway** is a subway system serving Glasgow, Scotland, UK.  It started in 1896. Then it was run by cables.  There are 15 stations.  in 1935 it was changed to run on electricity. It is a circular system, and has stayed the same since it started. It carries 13 million passengers each year.  

Now it is run by the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport.

## References
Mike Busniuk

**Mike Busniuk** (born December 13, 1951 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is the younger brother of Ron Busniuk, who played for the Buffalo Sabres.

## Records
*Only player in AHL history to be a member of four consecutive Calder Cup championship teams (1976–1979)

## Other websites
*
*
Tyne and Wear Metro

**Tyne and Wear Metro** is a rapid transit system in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside, North Tyneside and Sunderland.

It opened in stages from August 1980 and now has 60 stations, with two lines covering 77.5 km (48.2 mi) of track. It was mostly made from converted former railway lines linked with some new tunnels.

## References
Judicial nullification

**Judicial nullification** is a term that is sometimes used to mean jury nullification. More often, it means nullifying a law, legal code, or statute by a member of the judiciary or the right of judges to nullify (make ) a law if they feel it is too harsh in a certain  in which it is being applied. During the Constitutional Convention, many delegates, including George Mason, Elbridge Gerry, and James Wilson, felt that courts could decide if laws wereunconstitutional and then refuse to enforce it. However, other Founding Fathers, including John Francis Mercer, Gouverneur Morris, and John Dickinson, argued against allowing judges to have that power. There were three petitions before the Court that asked if federal courts needed to be stopped from ignoring laws, rules, and facts. The Supreme Court refused to grant *certiorari*, a writ seeking judicial review of a matter. In other words, the Court refused to consider the three petitions.

## References
Emir

, Emir of Afghanistan, posing for a portrait in 1869]]
**Emir** (; female: '***; **emira**; (Persian and Urdu: ****) "commander" or "general", also "prince"; also transliterated as **amir**, **aamir** or **ameer*') is a high title of nobility or office. It is used throughout the Arab world and historically in some Turkic states and Afghanistan. Emirs are usually considered high-ranking sheiks, but in monarchical states the term is also used for princes; then "emirate" means more or less the same as principality in this context.
Emir is used also as a name in Turkey like Emir Niego and Emir Sevinc.  
*Emir* is the most common spelling in English and many other languages (for example, United Arab Emirates). The spelling *amir*, that is closer to the original Arabic, is more common for its compounds (e.g., admiral) and in individual names. 

## Related pages
### Islamic titles 
* Caliph
* Mahdi
* Sheikh
* Sayyid
* Sultan

## Other websites
* WorldStatesmen Religious Organisations – see also many present Muslim countries
UTC+08:00

**UTC+08:00** is the timezone for:
* Brunei
* China
* Republic of China
* Hong Kong
* Indonesia (central areas)
* Macau
* Malaysia
* Mongolia
* Philippines
* Singapore
* Western Australia - Australian Western Standard Time (AWST)
Governess

. The governess is seated on the right with the child she looks after. She is dressed simply so that she does not look as important as the members of the family.]] 

A **governess** is a female person who works for a family, teaching the children in their home. She is not like a nanny who looks after them all day, dressing them etc. The governess's job is to be their teacher. She saw to their  and early education. Often girls received all their education from their governess (or sometimes a tutor), though boys usually went away to boarding school before their teen years, and then some went on to college.

Very few children nowadays have a governess, but it was quite common in the families of rich people until around the beginning of the 20th century. In England quite a lot of young children who lived in the country, a long way from good schools, had a governess. When the boys were old enough they were sent away to a boarding school.

Governesses taught basic skills such as Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. They may also have taught other skills such as French, piano playing and drawing or painting. Sometimes other teachers might be 

A governess was not a household worker, but she was not treated like a member of the family either. This meant that they were often quite lonely, and they usually ate their meals alone. For girls from a middle class background who were not married it was one of the only ways of earning a living. When the children she taught (her "charges") grew up, she would have to find a new job.

Novels of the time were usually about rich families, and a governess often comes into the story, e.g. in Charlotte Brontë's *Jane Eyre* or Anne Brontë's *Agnes Grey*. Maria, the main character in *The Sound of Music*, leaves the convent and becomes a governess to the children of the von Trapp family.

## Other websites
Confederation of the Rhine

The **Confederation of the Rhine** was a client state of First French Empire. It existed from 1806 through 1813. Its ruler was Napoleon I of France, called "Protector of the Federation".  It included most of the German states but not the two biggest, Prussia and Austria.  The Confederation of the Rhine was one of the successors of Holy Roman Empire and a predecessor of the German Confederation.  The confederation only lived a few years but it was a precedent for the later unification of Germany.  It temporarily unified many of the diverse German states east of the Rhine River.

During the War of the Third Coaltion (1802-1805) the Battle of Austerlitz (2nd December 1805) became one of the most decisive of the War.  Napoeleon's army of 68,000 defeated the allied force of 90,000.  The Battle saw a total of 21,000 casualties and the remaining allied soldiers dispersed across Czechoslovakia.  On the 12th of July, 1806 (seven months later) the Rhine was confederated by French Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte I. 

Napoleon used the Confederation of the Rhine as a political 'buffer zone' against potential threats from Eastern Europe and to spread his egalitarianist and revolutionary views.
Sydney White

**Sydney Rae White** (born 30 November 1991) is an English actress and singer.

## Biography 
Sydney was born in London on 30 November 1991. She first attended Broomfield House School in Kew. She got her parents to take her to the children's agency Young'uns. After her first audition she was offered the role of Cosette in *Les Misérables*. The next year she had four performances per week at London's Palace Theatre while still doing schoolwork. Sydney then auditioned for the Sylvia Young Theatre School. She was accepted and started in September 2002.

Sydney lives in West London with her parents, two older brothers (Paul and Adam) and two younger brothers (Cameron and Spike). She also has a dog called Digger. She won a LAMDA award in 2003. She currently stars in the CBBC programme *Young Dracula*. She plays one of the main characters, Erin Noble.

## Filmography 
* *The Snow Queen* (2005) (TV)...Gerda
* *Prime Suspect: The Final Act* (2006) (TV)...Girl on Heath
* *The Sarah Jane Adventures* (1 episode, 2007)... Bubbleshock girl
* *Disney Channel Games*...Herself
* *As the Bell Rings* (1 episode, 2007)...Emma
* *Welcome to PCA* (2009) (TV)...Missy Mean
* *The Rules of Love* (Jess) (2010)
* *Doctors* (Nikki) (2010)
* *Young Dracula* (2011-Present) (TV)...Erin Noble

## Discography 
### Albums 
* *Welcome to PCA* (2009)

### Singles 
"Sun goes down" (2011)
Kensington, Calgary

**Kensington** is a neighborhood in Calgary, Alberta.  It is around the intersection of Kensington Road and 10th St. NW.

The neighborhood hosts *Christmas in Kensington Village* in December, the Sun and Salsa Festival in July, as well as the *Bizarre Bikes & Bazaar* in May.

Kensington is home to the Calgary Kookaburras Australian rules football club.

## References
Constant Lambert

, 1926]]

**Leonard Constant Lambert** (23 August 1905 – 21 August 1951) was a British composer and conductor.
## Early years
Lambert’s father was the painter George Washington Lambert who had come to England from  Australia. Lambert was often ill when he was a child.  He went to school at Christ's Hospital and won a scholarship to the  Royal College of Music. He soon became interested in French and Russian music. He became friends with other famous people including the Sitwell family, William Walton, Philip Heseltine and Bernard van Dieren. He and Edith Sitwell were the reciters at a performance of Walton’s *Façade*.

Lambert was a prodigy: he was composing music for orchestra when he was only 13, and when he was 20 he was asked to write a ballet for Serge Diaghilev's world-famous Ballets Russes (*Romeo and Juliet*).

He soon became very famous. His best known work is *The Rio Grande* for piano solo, chorus and orchestra. It has a mixture of musical styles: jazz, habaneras and the influence of  Delius and Duke Ellington.
## Works
During the 1930s he performed a lot as a conductor with the Vic-Wells Ballet (later the Royal Ballet), but he stopped composing music. Lambert thought he had failed as a composer, and only finished two more big works in the last  sixteen years of his life. He continued conducting, and appeared at Covent Garden and in BBC broadcasts, and travelled to Europe and America conducting ballets. He was an excellent ballet conductor and helped the dancers to give their best performance.

During the war he became ill. He refused to see a doctor. He was working very hard and also drinking a lot.

Lambert liked jazz and thought it was an important influence on popular culture of the time. He wrote a book about this, called *Music Ho!* (1934). The book is widely read today, although it shows a very personal approach to music.

Lambert was married twice. His first marriage was to Florence Kaye. He later married Isabel Nichols, an artist, in 1947. After Constant Lambert's death, Isabel married the composer Alan Rawsthorne.

Lambert died on 21 August 1951. He had pneumonia and it was also found that he had diabetes made worse by alcoholism.
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro

The **Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro** is a Catholic university based in the neighborhood Gavea in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was founded in 1941 by D. Sebastião Leme and the Rev. Leonel Franca, and was officially recognized in January 15, 1946.
The PUC-Rio was one of the first universities that taught Entrepreneurship in the graduation courses in Brazil.
Launceston, Tasmania

**Launceston** is a city in Australia. It is the second biggest city in the state of Tasmania. It has about 100,000 people. It is at the place where the North Esk, South Esk and Tamar Rivers meet. It was founded in 1806.

## References
National symbols of Pakistan

Each country of the world adopts some signs or emblems, which they regard as the representative of their country traits. Pakistan has several official national symbols. The symbols were adopted at various stages in the existence of Pakistan.

## References
## Other websites
* The Government of Pakistan
* Jasmine: The National flower of Pakistan 
* Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 
* Ministry of Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs