open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
List of Orphan Black episodes

***Orphan Black*** is a Canadian science fiction television series. It was created by Graeme Manson and John Fawcett. The series stars Tatiana Maslany as several clones. The rest of the starring cast includes Dylan Bruce, Jordan Gavaris, Kevin Hanchard, Michael Mando, Maria Doyle Kennedy, Évelyne Brochu, and Ari Millen. The first season of the show premiered on March 30, 2013. It was shown on Space in Canada and on BBC America in the United States.*Orphan Black*'s second season premiered April 19, 2014. On July 9, 2014, *Orphan Black* was renewed for a third season to premiere on April 18, 2015. Each season had 10 episodes.

All season 1 episode titles are quotes from *On the Origin of Species* by Charles Darwin. The season 2 episode titles are quotes from the works of Sir Francis Bacon.

## Series overview

## Episodes
### Season 1 (2013)
All titles of the first season are terms from *On the Origin of Species* by Charles Darwin.

### Season 2 (2014)
All titles of the second season are quotes from the works of Sir Francis Bacon. The premiere episode debuted on all five of AMC Networks' cable channels–BBC America, AMC, IFC, SundanceTV and WE tv–and received 1.27 million cumulative viewers across all five airings.

### Season 4 (2016)
All season 4 titles are quotes from the works of Donna Haraway.

### Season 5 (2017)
All season 5 titles are quotes from the poem "Protest" by Ella Wheeler Wilcox.

## References
## Other websites
* List of *Orphan Black* episodes at Space
* List of *Orphan Black* episodes  at BBC America
Chris Lilley (comedian)

**Christopher Daniel Lilley** (born 10 November 1974) is an Australian comedian, television producer, actor, musician and writer. He is known for his creation and portrayal of several characters in the mockumentary television series *We Can Be Heroes: Finding The Australian of the Year* (2005), *Summer Heights High* (2007), *Angry Boys* (2011), ''Ja'mie: Private School Girl* (2013), *Jonah from Tonga* (2014) and *Lunatics* (2019). He has also won the Logie Award for Most Popular Actor twice. 

## Life and career 
Lilley was born in Sydney, New South Wales, and grew up in Turramurra. He lives in Melbourne, Victoria. 

Lilley made his debut in the *Big Bite'' in 2003. He played a role of sports enthusiast Extreme Darren and the high-school drama teacher Mr G. 

He is a vegetarian.

## References
## Other websites
*
Adjustable wrench

An **adjustable wrench** (US) or **adjustable spanner** (UK) is a wrench with a "jaw" of adjustable . It can be used with different sizes of fastener head (nut or bolt). This type of tool may have other names in other parts of the world. 

Several people are claimed as its inventor. Edwin Beard Budding (1796–1846), an engineer from Stroud, England, is one. On 22 September 1885 Enoch Harris received US patent 326868 for his spanner that permitted both the jaw width and the angle of the handles to be adjusted and locked. Some countries refer to it as a "Swedish key" after Swedish inventor Johan Petter Johansson. In 1891 he got a patent for an improved adjustable spanner which is still used today. Johansson improved the 1842 invention of another English engineer Richard Clyburn. 

## Monkey wrenches 
A **monkey wrench** is a heavyweight wrench in which the jaw width is set by a spinning ring fixed under the sliding lower jaw. In 1840, Worcester, Massachusetts knife manufacturer Loring Coes invented it. It was based on the wrench used on English 18th-century coach wheels. Coe patented it in 1841 and the tools were advertised and sold in the United States as "monkey wrenches".

## Related pages 
*Wrench

## References
Northern Sotho language

**Northern Sotho** (*Sesotho sa Leboa* in Northern Sotho) is an African language mainly spoken by people living in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. 

Northern Sotho is one of the eleven official languages of South Africa. It is spoken by almost 4 618 500 people, or 8.4% of South Africans at home (2011-census). Northern Sotho is part of the Sotho language family.

## References
Sotho language

**Southern Sotho** (*Sesotho* in Southern Sotho) is an African language mainly spoken by people living in Lesotho and the Free State Province of South Africa. 

Southern Sotho is one of the two official languages of Lesotho and one of the eleven official languages of South Africa. It is spoken by almost 6,024,000 people, or 7% of South Africans at home (2011 census). Southern Sotho is part of the Sotho language family.

Southern Sotho contains many loanwords from Zulu.

## References
Bolt

A **bolt** is a form of grooved fastener with an external helical male thread that engages the interior female thread of a nut. Bolts are closely related to and often confused with screws.

A screw is different from a bolt because it does not take a nut, and its helical thread is used to penetrate (cut into) a softer material (such as wood).

This distinction is not always clear, and screws are someimes regarded as bolts without a nut.

## References
Kayahan

**Kayahan Açar** (29 March 1949 &ndash; 3 April 2015), better known by his stage name **Kayahan**,  was a Turkish pop music singer-songwriter. His career lasted forty years. He composed all of his own material and released more than eight best-selling albums.

Kayahan was born in İzmir. He was married three times and had two daughters.

Kayahan died from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to lung cancer on 3 April 2015 at a hospital in Istanbul. He was 66.

## References
## Other websites
*
Nut (hardware)

socket head screw]]

A **nut** is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used with a mating bolt to   parts together. Because of this "nut and bolt" or "nuts and bolts" are a term which recognise their pairing.

Like bolt heads, their shape is usually hexagonal, because this is best for gripping with tools. Nuts are graded with strength ratings like their respective bolts. For example, an ISO property class 10 nut can support the bolt proof strength load of an ISO property class 10.9 bolt without stripping its thread (the inside spiral groove).
Corn snake

The **corn snake** (*Pantherophis guttatus*) is a North American species of rat snake that kills small prey by constriction. 

Corn snakes are found throughout the southeastern and central United States. They are often kept as pets. They reach a moderate size of . In the wild, they usually live around 6–8 years, but in captivity can live to be up to 23 years old or longer. 

Corn snakes look similar to  the venomous copperhead snake and are often killed because of this similarity.  Corn snakes are harmless and beneficial to humans. They are one of the most common snakes kept as pets, alongside the garter snake and ball python. Corn snakes lack venom and help control populations of wild rodent pests that damage crops and spread disease. They can be distinguished from copperheads  by their brighter colors, slender build and lack of heat-sensing pits.

Although the corn snake is distinguished by its bright red orange colored scales, possible mutations can occur completely rejecting these pigments, changing its appearance. The two-color mutations that are known to occur is albinism and anerythrism. Snakes that are homozygous for albinism lack the black pigment, and the ones that are homozygous for anerythrism lack the red pigment.

The corn snake is named for the species' regular presence near grain stores, where it preys on mice and rats that eat harvested corn. The *Oxford English Dictionary* cites this usage as far back as 1675. Some sources maintain that the corn snake is so-named because the distinctive, nearly-checkered pattern of the snake's belly scales resembles the kernels of variegated corn. Regardless of the name's origin, the corn reference can be a useful mnemonic for identifying them. Their diet in the wild mainly consists of rodents, small amphibians, birds and/or their eggs, other types of eggs, and so on. They're not known for eating insects, though. In captivity they're usually fed a steady diet of pinky mice and other types of creatures such as the ones above. 

## Images

File:Corn snake close up.jpg|Corn snake close up
File:Corn Snake large gravid female (without watermark).jpg|Corn Snake large pregnant female
File:Corn Snake Adult.jpg|Corn Snake Adult

## References
6. Bechtel, H. (1989, July 01). Color Mutations in the Corn Snake (Elaphe guttata guttata): Review and Additional Breeding Data. Retrieved April 08, 2019, Journal of Heredity, Volume 80, Issue 4, July 1989, Pages 272–276,
Screw thread

A **screw thread**, often shortened to **thread**, is a helical structure. It is a ridge wrapped around a cylinder or cone in the form of a helix, with the former being called a *straight* thread and the latter called a *tapered* thread.

The tightening of a nut to a bolt is like driving a wedge into a gap until it sticks through friction and plastic deformation (how the surfaces of the two objects slightly squash together).

A screw thread is one of the six simple machines which give mechanical advantage. 

The mechanical advantage of a screw thread depends on its *lead*, which is the linear distance the screw travels in one turn or revolution.

## References
Planomicrobium glaciei

***Planomicrobium glaciei***  is a species of bacteria. The cells are first coccoid. After some time they change to rods. The bacterium use the aerobic respiration with oxygen. The bacterium does not form endospores. It belongs to the gram-positive Firmicutes.

## References
South Magnetic Pole

The **South Magnetic Pole** is the point on the southern hemisphere where the magnetic lines are directly pointing upward. In other words, if there were a magnet inside the earth axis (from north to south), the South Magnetic pole would be at its southern end. Because the magnetic field of the Earth changes, the exact location of this pole does as well. In 2020, it was estimated to be at , placing it off the coast of Antarctica. In 2015, it was at . That point lies outside the Antarctic Circle. Due to polar drift, the pole is moving northwest by about 10 to 15&nbsp;kilometers per year. Its current distance from the actual Geographic South Pole is approximately 2860&nbsp;km. The nearest permanent science station is Dumont d'Urville Station. Wilkes Land contains a large gravitational mass concentration.
## References
Perth Amboy, New Jersey

**Perth Amboy** is a city in eastern New Jersey. It is part of the New York City metropolitan area. At the 2020 census, 55,436 people lived in the city.
* Jon Bon Jovi (born 1962), singer was born in Perth Amboy.
* Alan Cheuse (1940-2015), writer.
* Stanley Norman Cohen (born 1935), credited with the co-creation of the first genetically modified organism and the process of recombinant DNA technology.
* William Dunlap (1766–1839), theater pioneer.
* Angelina Grimké (1805–1879) and Sarah Grimké (1792–1873), abolitionists.
* Vida Guerra (born 1974), model, was born in Cuba but was raised in Perth Amboy.
* George Inness (1825–1894), landscape painter.
* Edward L. Kemeys (1843-1907), sculptor in residence at Eagleswood Mansion.
* Morgan Foster Larson (1882-1961), Governor of New Jersey from 1929 to 1932.
* Miilkbone (Thomas Wlodarczyk), rapper.
* Walter Mitty, fictional character from the 1947 film *The Secret Life of Walter Mitty*.
* Steve Mizerak (1944–2006), champion pool player.
* Joseph Montani (PAHS, 1970), astronomer and planetary scientist who named the minor planet "12465 Perth Amboy" after his hometown.
* John A. Nagy (born 1946), author of books about espionage and mutinies of the American Revolution.
* George Otlowski (1912–2009), politician who was mayor of the city from 1976 to 1990.
* Thomas Mundy Peterson (1824–1904), first African-American to vote under the provisions of the 15th Amendment to the U.S. constitution in 1870.
* Joseph J. Sadowski (1917–1944), United States Army soldier awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War II.
* Richie Sambora (born 1959), guitarist for Bon Jovi was born here.
* Marcus Spring (1810-1874), founder of Raritan Bay Union and Eagleswood Military Academy.
* John Stevens, (1749-1838), engineer who developed the multitubular boiler engine and the screw propeller.
* Gina Stritch, author.
* Bruce Taylor (born 1948), former NFL player.
* Harry Tierney (1890–1965), composer.
* John Watson (1685–1768), one of the first painters in America and holder of the first gallery of paintings in the country.
* Ruth White (1914–1969), actress.
* David T. Wilentz (1894–1988), N.J. Attorney General from 1934 to 1944 who prosecuted Bruno Hauptmann in the Lindbergh kidnapping trial.

## References
## Other websites
*
Robert Rietti

**Robert Rietti**, born **Lucio Rietti** and usually credited as **Robert Rietty** (8 February 1923 &ndash; 3 April 2015), was a British-born Italian actor, director and playwright. He was knighted by the Italian government.

Rietti died on 3 April 2015, aged 92

## References
## Other website
*
Jaroslav Holík

**Jaroslav Holík** (; August 3, 1942 – April 17, 2015) was a Czech professional ice hockey coach and former player.

Holik played in the Czechoslovak Extraliga for Dukla Jihlava. He won a bronze medal at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. He was also successful at the Ice Hockey World Championships, winning gold at the 1972 World Ice Hockey Championships in Prague, silver at the 1965 World Ice Hockey Championships in Tampere and 1966 World Ice Hockey Championships in Ljubljana, and bronze at the 1969 World Ice Hockey Championships, 1970 World Ice Hockey Championships, both in Stockholm, and 1973 World Ice Hockey Championships in Moscow.

## References
## Other websites
* Jaroslav Holík – biography
Mariano Gago

**José Mariano Rebelo Pires Gago**  (16 May 1948 &ndash; 17 April 2015) was a Portuguese electrical engineer and politician for the Socialist Party. He served as the Minister for Science and Technology from 28 October 1995 to 6 April 2002. He also served as the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education from 21 March 2005 to 21 June 2011.

Gago was born in Lisbon. He studied at universities in Lisbon and Paris. He was married and had a daughter.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2001.

Gago died a sudden cardiac death on 17 April 2015 in Lisbon. He was 66.

## References
Alfred Eick

**Alfred Eick** (9 March 1916 &ndash; 12 April 2015) was a German U-boat commander for Nazi Germany during World War II. He commanded the attacks on at least eleven ships between 1943 and 1945. He was given the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

Eick was born in Essen, Rhine Province, then-German Empire. He was also an accountant.

Eick died on 12 April 2015 in Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, aged 99.

## References
Alien 3

***Alien 3*** (stylized as ***ALIEN3***) is a British science fiction-horror movie. It was released on 22 May 1992. It was the  feature movie of director David Fincher. Alien 3 movie stars Sigourney Weaver, Charles Dance, Charles S. Dutton and Lance Henriksen. It is a sequel to *Alien* (1979) and *Aliens* (1986). Alien 3 was by followed by *Alien: Resurrection* (1997).

## Plot 
The movie continues the plot of the 1986 movie Aliens. Heading back to Earth a spacecraft has flight difficulties. It crash lands on a planet called Fiorina 161. The crash kills everyone aboard except Lieutenant Ellen Ripley (Sigourney Weaver). Fiorina 161 is a planet where the temperature averages forty degrees below zero. It was a maximum security prison colony. A group of ex-prisoners chose to remain on the planet. They belong to a sect identified as "an apocalyptic millennarian fundamentalist Christian sect."

## Cast 
* Sigourney Weaver: Ripley
* Charles S. Dutton: Dillon
* Charles Dance: Clemens
* Paul McGann: Golic
* Brian Glover: Andrews
* Ralph Brown: Aaron
* Danny Webb: Morse
* Lance Henriksen: Bishop
* Chris Fairbank: Murphy
* Pete Postlethwaite: David
* Danielle Edmond: Newt

## Production 
The movie had a difficult production, with various screenwriters and directors getting involved in the project. Shooting began without a finished script. The movie was the big-budget debut for the young David Fincher. He was brought into the project after a proposed version with Vincent Ward at the helm was cancelled well into pre-production. Fincher had little time to prepare. The experience of making the movie proved agonizing for him.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Alien 3 at the Internet Movie Database
Urban heat island

An **urban heat island**, or UHI, is an urban area that is warmer than the area around it.  It happens because things in cities like concrete take longer to give off heat than things like trees, which are common outside of cities, because of urbanization. The urban heat island effect is stronger at night and when there is not much wind. Cities can be 3 °C warmer than nearby countryside. 

In country areas, a large part of the incoming solar energy goes to evaporate water from vegetation and soil. But cities have less vegetation and soil. In cities, most of the sun’s energy is absorbed by urban building and asphalt paving. During warm daylight hours, there is less evaporative cooling in cities than in country areas. So, surface temperatures rise higher in cities than in country areas. 

Also, vehicles, factories, and industrial and domestic heating and cooling units give off more heat in cities. This problem is growing. This effect causes the city to become 1 to 6 °C (2 to 10 °F) warmer than surrounding rural areas.

## Sources
Thunderbolt and Lightfoot

***Thunderbolt and Lightfoot*** is a 1974 American crime comedy-drama movie. Clint Eastwood and Jeff Bridges play the title characters. This was the first movie directed by Michael Cimino. Jeff Bridges was d for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. This was his second nomination. This movie was released on September 2, 1974. Its reviews were good.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
*
Homo (disambiguation)

***Homo*** is the taxonomic genus that includes modern humans (*Homo sapiens sapiens*).

**Homo** may also refer to:

* ὅμο-, Greek prefix meaning "the same", opposite of "hetero-" (Greek ἕτερο- )
* *Homo*, Latin for "man", "human being"
* Homos, an alternate spelling for hummus or hommus, a Levantine or Israeli food dip or spread made from chickpeas
* Homo-, in chemistry, a prefix in trivial names indicating a homolog, a series of compounds with the same general formula,
* HOMO, in chemistry an acronym for Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital
* Homo, a colloquial abbreviation for homogenized milk (Canadian English)
* HomO, short name of the Swedish Ombudsman against Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation
* Homo (slang) an abbreviation for "homosexual" (adjective or noun), usually derogatory
Nintendomagasinet

**Nintendomagasinet** (**NM**) was a Swedish video game magazine. It was published between the years of 1990 and 1994. The magazine contained news, reports and comics based on video games. It also had a subscriber-only "Power Player" supplement which consisted of game reviews. The comics were translations of the Nintendo Comics System comics. Later it changed to the Nintendo Power comics *Super Mario Adventures* and *The Legend of Zelda*.

## In popular culture
The first issue can be seen in the Swedish 1992 film *Jönssonligan & den svarta diamanten*.

## References
Zwartbles sheep

, Scotland]]

**Zwartbles sheep** are a large breed of domestic sheep. This breed first came from Holland in the north of the Netherlands. They were used to make sheep milk as well as lamb and mutton. They were often kept in the same fields as the dairy cattle. 

They were brought over to Great Britain in the late 1900s. They are not very common and now live in the north of England. The sheep have reddish brown wool,  black legs with two (sometimes four) white socks, a white tip on the tail, and a black face with a white blaze. They do not have horns. The lambs look the same but have jet black wool. These are a tame and friendly sheep.

They are bred for their meat and not for their wool, because it is very dark and cannot be dyed. The meat from Zwartbles sheep does not have much fat and tastes sweet. 

The Zwartbles are large sheep: ewes (females) weigh an average of , and rams (males) . 
Being so large, they often have three or four lambs. Having so many babies can cause problems for the mother in giving birth. 

These sheep have become less popular in Holland. There are so few there that they are listed as being rare by the Dutch Rare Breed Survival trust in the mid-1970s.  
The first Zwartbles were imported to the United Kingdom in the early 1990s. A group for their farmers and owners, the Zwartbles Sheep Association, was formed in 1995.

Zwartbles are now mainly used for breeding lambs, and for their meat and wool. Already coming from the cold, wet, windy climate in the Netherlands, they can live in good health at various altitudes in Great Britain. Some Zwarbles are now shown in agricultural shows to be judged. The wool of these show animals is often trimmed to remove the brown wool tips. This leaves a tight black fleece showing as the primary colour.

## References
* 

## Other websites 
* Zwartbles Sheep Association Website
Radcliffe College

**Radcliffe College** was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the female college attached to Harvard University. It was also one of the Seven Sisters colleges. Radcliffe gave Radcliffe College diplomas to undergraduates and graduate students for the first 70 or so years of its history. 

In 1963 Radcliffe gave  Harvard-Radcliffe diplomas to undergraduates. A formal "non-merger merger" agreement with Harvard was signed in 1977.  Radcliffe was fully d with Harvard by 1999. Today, in Harvard University, Radcliffe's former campus is now the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. The former Radcliffe  at the Radcliffe Quadrangle is now in the Harvard College housing system. Under the terms of the 1999 agreement, the Radcliffe Yard and the Radcliffe Quadrangle will always keep the "Radcliffe" name.

## References
1915 Football Championship Paranaense

**The 1915 Football Paranaense Championship** (in Portuguese: **Campeonato Paranaense de Futebol de 1915**)  was the first championship edition of the Brazilian state of Paraná and southern Brazil.

The winner this year was the *International Football Club*. It was a football club of Curitiba, extinct since 1924.
## Games
May 23 - International 2-0 America
* May 30 - Coritiba 1-1 Rio Branco
* June 6 - Paraná 5-0 Paranaguá
* June 13 - America 5-1 Rio Branco
* June 20 - Coritiba 1-1 Paraná
* June 27 - International 8-1 Paranaguá
* July 5th - Coritiba 3-1 America
* July 12 - International 2-0 Paraná
* July 13 - Internacional 2-0 Coritiba
* July 25 - America W-O Paranaguá (Walkover)
* July 25 - Paraná 9-0 Rio Branco
* August 1 - Rio Branco 3-1 Paranaguá
* August 3 - International W-O Rio Branco (Walkover)
* August 10 - Paraná 2-0 America
* August 17 - Coritiba 2-0 Paranaguá

### Return 
* August 24 - America 1-0 International
* August 31 - Rio Branco 0-3 Coritiba
* September 7 - Paranaguá 0-6 Paraná
* September 7 - Rio Branco 3-3 America
* September 14 - Paraná 1-0 Coritiba
* September 21 - Paranaguá 3-7 Internacional
* September 28 - America W-O Coritiba ✱ (Walkover)
* October 5th - Paraná 1-2 Internacional
* October 12 - Paranaguá 3-0 Rio Branco
* October 13 - Coritiba 1-3 International
* October 19th -Rio Branco O-W Paraná (Walkover)
* October 26 - Paranaguá O-W America (Walkover)
* November 17th - Rio Branco O-W International (Walkover)
* November 2 - America 0-2 Paraná
* November 7 - Paranaguá 3-3 Coritiba
## Champion
**International Foot-Ball Club**
## References 
## Other websites
*Federação Paranaense de Futebol 1915 championship
Shiloh (biblical city)

**Shiloh** was a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. It is located in what is now the West Bank. In the Bible, it was the first capital of Israel.

## Other websites 
*Rabbi Ariel Bar Tzodeck's Insight into Shiloh (a Kabbalist perspective)
*Shiloh in the Jewish Encyclopedia
*photos of the Mosaic from Tel Shiloh
*photos of the Mosaic from Tel Shiloh "Church of the ark found in the west bank" 
*Photos of Tel Shiloh
*More Archeology at Tel Shiloh
House of Rohan

The **House of Rohan** is a French noble family of viscounts, later dukes and princes. They come from the area called Rohan in Brittany. Their line descends from the viscounts of Porhoët. It is said to trace back to the legendary Conan Meriadoc. Through the Porhoët, the Rohan are related to the Dukes of Brittany. They also later developed ties with the French and English royal houses. They played an important role in French and European history.

In France there were generally considered to have been two individual lines, the Princes of Soubise and the Princes of Guéméné. Both had many other titles. Four Archbishops of Strasbourg were members of the family. The Princes of Rochefort descended from the Guéméné  line. 

## Architectural legacy
The great wealth of the family allowed them to build several palaces and townhouses. They built them in cities and countries in and around Europe. Well known examples of these are:

*The "*Hôtel de Soubise*": the Parisian townhouse of the Prince of Soubise. The building is now the property of the French government.
*The *Château des Rohan* or  *Rohan-Schloss* in Saverne, France. Built by the *Cardinal de Rohan*. Now a museum. 
*Palais Rohan in Vienna, Austria (completed in 1864)
*The Palais Rohan in Strasbourg, Alsace (completed in 1742) built by another Archbishop of Strasbourg.
Sarona (colony)

**Sarona** was a German Templer colony in Tel Aviv, Israel. It is now a neighborhood of the city. It was one of the earliest modern villages established in Palestine.

Sarona was built in 1871. It was located northeast of Jaffa. Now, the land the former colony is in the center of Tel Aviv. Many people in the Templar communities became Nazi sympathisers before and after World War II. By 1948 authorities of the British Mandate had led them.

Today, the place has been renovated and renewed as a "shopping village, subtracting and entertainment."

## References 
## Other websites 
* The new lifestyle hub at the heart of Tel Aviv
* The end of the Sarona saga
* Sarona  Market
Evolve (video game)

***Evolve*** is a first-person shooter video game. It was developed by Turtle Rock Studios and published by 2K Games. The game was released on February 10, 2015 for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows.

On July 1, 2014, the game won the Best of E3 2014 "Best of Show" award, and it was also the winner of the "Best Console Game", "Best Action Game" and "Best Online Multiplayer" awards. On August 15, the game was awarded the most awards at the 2014 Gamescom Awards.

## Reception
IGN rated the game a 9 out of 10. Vince Ingenito of *IGN* said that the game was "Turtle Rock has created a smart, asymmetric, multiplayer monster-hunting game that plays unlike anything else. It's tactically deep, bursting with character, and it offers a level of nuance rarely found in multiplayer shooters."

GameSpot rated the game 8 out of 10. Kevin VanOrd of *GameSpot* said of the AI: "[it] is strong enough to make playing offline matches rewarding on its own terms".

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
A’Lelia Bundles

'''A'Lelia Bundles''' (born June 7, 1952) is an African-American journalist and television . She is also an author and Emmy Award-winning producer.   

## Early life 
Bundles was named after A'Lelia Walker (1885–1931). Walker was her great-grandmother. Walker was also the daughter of entrepreneur and philanthropist Madam C. J. Walker. She graduated in 1970 from North Central High School. In 1974 Bundles graduated magna cum laude from Radcliffe College. She was  into Harvard's Alpha Iota chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Bundles received a master's degree from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in 1976. After completing her master's degree she went to work for NBC News as a producer. of Columbia University.
* Board member of the Foundation for the National Archives 
* Board member for the Madame Walker Theatre Center in Indianapolis
* Board member for the Friends of Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx.
* Past member of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study's advisory board
* Past member of the Harvard Alumni Association nominating committee
* Past member of the Harvard Club of Washington, DC board. 
* Past member of the Radcliffe College Trustees Board
* Past member of the National Women's Hall of Fame board.
* President of the Radcliffe College Alumnae Association from 1999 to 2001.
* Chair of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism's alumni advisory committee to re-vamp the school's alumni organization in 2006. 
* Previously chaired (lead) the National Association of Black Journalists Authors Showcase
* Chaired the ABWH's Letitia Woods Brown Book and Articles Prize Awards Committee. 
* She is a juror for the duPont Awards at Columbia's Journalism School. 
* Past juror for the Robert F. Kennedy Awards in Broadcast Journalism.

## List of works
* *On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C. J. Walker* (Scribner, 2001)
* *Madam C. J. Walker: Entrepreneur* (Chelsea House, 1991; revised 2008)
* *Madam Walker Theatre Center: An Indianapolis Treasure* (Arcadia Publishing, 2013)
* "Madam C. J. Walker" and "A'Lelia Walker" entries in Henry Louis Gates and Evelyn Higginbotham's *African American National Biography*
* "Madam C. J. Walker" entry in Darlene Clark Hines's *Black Women in America*.

## Awards
* Emmy Award (NBC News)
* American Book Award 1992 for *Madam C. J. Walker: Entrepreneur* (Chelsea House, 1991)
* *New York Times* Notable Book for *On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C. J. Walker* 2001
* Black Caucus of the American Library Association Honor Book 2002 
* Letitia Woods Brown Book Prize from the Association of Black Women Historians 2001
* Hurston/Wright-Borders Books Legacy Award Finalist 2002 
* Distinguished alumni awards from Harvard University, Radcliffe College (2004) and Columbia University (2007)
* North Central High School Hall of Fame
* Black Memorabilia Hall of Fame

## References
Lane

A **lane** is a part of a highway that can be used by one line of vehicles. Most roads have two or more lanes, with at least one lane for traffic going each way. In the United Kingdom, a narrow  road is called a lane.

Some roads have a center lane to make it easier for cars and trucks to turn. There can also be turn lanes on the outer part of the road. If roads have more than one lane going in one direction, cars in the outer lanes usually go faster than cars in the inner lanes. Highways may also have express lanes that can only be used for certain types of vehicles, like those carrying two or more people. Lanes in most jurisdictions have rules for  and  lane widths. In the United States the Federal Highway Administration has recommended lane widths for US highways and interstates.

## References
Traunsee

**Traunsee** is a lake in the Salzkammergut area in Austria. It is about  . The lake is  wide and  . This  makes it the deepest lake in Austria. It also is the second  lake in Upper Austria.

At the north end of the lake is Gmunden, the capital of the Gmunden district . At the south end of the lake is Ebensee. The other two towns around the lake are Altmünster and Traunkirchen. At the east side of the lake is the mountain Traunstein. It is  high.

## History 
The first settlements around the lake go back to the fifth century. The Romans later called the Lake *Lacus Felix* (the happy lake). The first time the lake was mentioned in a document was in 909 AD. Then it was called *Trunseo*.

## Tourism  
The Traunsee is a popular destination for tourists. It is possible to swim in the traunsee. The water quality is very good. The average water temperature in August reaches . Other water sports are also possible: Sailing, Surfing and Diving. http://traunsee.salzkammergut.at/

On a small island in Gmunden is the *Schloss Ort*. It is a small, medieval Castle built in 1080.

## References
Gmunden (district)

The **Gmunden District** (German: *Bezirk Gmunden*) is a district of the state of Upper Austria in Austria. It is the largest district of Upper Austria with 1433 square kilometres (553 square miles). Gmunden has borders in the north with the districts of Vöcklabruck, Wels-Land and Kirchdorf an der Krems. In the south it has a border with the Styrian district Liezen. In the west it has borders with the following districts of the Salzburgerland: Sankt Johann im Pongau, Hallein and Salzburg-Umgebung.

The administrative center of Gmunden is in the town of Gmunden.

The district of Gmunden consists mostly of forests (54%). 17% of the area are used for agriculture. 3.8% of the area are bodies of water, like the Traunsee or the Hallstätter See.

## History 
The district was formed in 1896 from the juridical districts of Bad Ischl and Gmunden.

## Places 
Gmunden is divided into 20 towns.
* Altmünster
* Bad Goisern
* Bad Ischl
* Ebensee
* Gmunden
* Gosau
* Grünau im Almtal
* Gschwandt
* Hallstatt
* Kirchham
* Laakirchen
* Obertraun
* Ohlsdorf
* Pinsdorf
* Roitham
* Sankt Konrad
* Sankt Wolfgang im Salzkammergut
* Scharnstein
* Traunkirchen
* Vorchdorf

## Pictures 

File:Gmunden - Schloss Ort.jpg|Schloss Ort in Gmunden
File:Hallstatt 300.jpg|Hallstatt
File:Traunstein (soutwest side).jpg|Traunstein, Traunsee and Traunkirchen
File:Austria august2010 0218.jpg|Bad Ischl
Tswana language

The **Tswana** language (or **Setswana**) is a language spoken in southern Africa. About five million people speak it. It is a Bantu language. It belongs to the Niger–Congo language family within the Sotho languages. It is closely related to the Northern- and Southern Sotho languages.

Tswana is an official language of Botswana. Most Tswana speakers are in South Africa, where four million people speak the language.

## References
Ontario Highway 28

**Ontario Highway 28** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs from southwest to northeast and is 162.6 kilometers (101 miles) long. It starts at an intersection with Highway 7 about 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) east of Peterborough. It ends at the town of Denbigh at a junction with Highway 41. The highway originally continued south of Peterborough and into Northumberland County but in 1997 and 1998, the southern 63 kilometers (39 miles) of the highway was transferred to local control.

## References
Bethel

**Bethel** (, meaning "House of God") was a city in the Hebrew Bible. It was located in what is now the West Bank.

## Other websites
Ontario Highway 8

**Ontario Highway 8** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It  runs from west to east and is 138.5 kilometers (86.1 miles) long. The highway starts in Goderich at the junction with Highway 21. It shares the road with Highway 7 between the cities of Stratford, Kitchener and Waterloo. It ends near Hamilton, where it merges with Highway 5.

## References
Stevie McCrorie

**Stevie McCrorie** (born 1985) is a Scottish singer, musician and firefighter. He is best known for winning the fourth series of *The Voice UK* in April 2015. 

McCrorie's first song was called "Lost Stars". It was released on 5 April 2015. He used to be a singer from 2010 until 2012 and again has had a new career since January 2015.

## References
Central Ontario

**Central Ontario** is part of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is between Georgian Bay and the eastern end of Lake Ontario. Its area is . The population was 1,070,644 in 2011. It is mostly rural. The southern part is more ly populated than the northern part. Some of the largest cities include Peterborough, Barrie, and Belleville.

## Counties 
There are five counties in Central Ontario:
* Dufferin County
* Haliburton County
* Hastings County
* Northumberland County
* Peterborough County
* Simcoe County
* Prince Edward County is a single-tier municipality. Ten towns, villages and townships merged with the county. The county government provides all services.

## References
Mario Pirani

**Mario Pirani Coen** (August 3, 1925 – April 18, 2015) was an Italian journalist, economist, and writer. He was born in Rome. After the experiences with *Patrol*, *Il Giorno* and *Il Globo*, he participated, together with Eugenio Scalfari, to create *la Repubblica*, a newspaper that became one of the first in Italy. He was also editor of L'Europeo from 1979 to 1980, succeeding Giovanni Valentini. In 1995 he won the Premiolino.

Pirani died in Rome, Italy, aged 89.

## References
Tom McCabe

**Thomas "Tom" McCabe** (28 April 1954 &ndash; 19 April 2015) was a Scottish Labour Party politician. He was Minister for Finance in the Scottish Executive, and was Member of the Scottish Parliament for Hamilton South until May 2011. 

He became an MSP in the first elections to the Scottish Parliament in 1999, later holding the positions of Minister for Parliament (1999–2001), Minister for Health and Community Care (2003–2004), and Minister for Finance.

McCabe died in April 2015 after a short illness, aged 60.

## References
State Archive of the Russian Federation

The **State Archive of the Russian Federation** (commonly known as **GARF**) is a major national archive of Russia. It was established in Moscow in 1992. It acquired collections of the Central State Archive of the October Revolution. It also houses the Central State Archive of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The archives contain collections covering the period from 1800 to 1993.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website 
*Page about GARF  at the Dutch International Institute of Social History
Israel State Archives

**Israel State Archives** is the national archive of Israel. The archive is located in Jerusalem. The archive houses about 400 million documents, maps, stamps, audio tapes, video clips, photographs and special publications.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Israel State Archives website 
* The English-language blog of the Israel State Archives
Debt bondage

in Nepal. Many children are forced to work to pay off debt; which is a form of debt bondage. |315x315px]]
**Bonded labour** or **debt bondage** (or **debt slavery**) is a term used to refer to a situation where someone (a debtor) has to work for the person who lent him money. Generally, the conditions of this form of forced labour are close to slavery. Bonded labour is one of the most common forms of modern-day slavery-like conditions. Usually, the person working gets paid very little money in return for very hard work. Very often, the exact amount to be re-paid is not defined clearly. The person doing the bonded labour will never be able to pay off the debt through work.  

A regular work contract usually gives rights to the person being employed, and the amount of work. In a normal working contract, difficult, dangerous or exhausting work will usually get paid better. This is not the case with debt bondage. 

Debt bondage is banned by the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery of United Nation in 1956.

## References 
## Related pages 
* Child labour
* Slavery
* Indentured servant
Erwin Waldner

**Erwin Waldner** (24 January 1933 – 18 April 2015) was a German footballer. He played for five teams between 1952 and 1967, including VfB Stuttgart.

Walder was born in Nürtingen, Baden-Württemberg. He died there on 18 April 2015, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Uche Chukwumerije

**Uche Chukwumerije** (November 1939 &ndash; 19 April 2015) was a Nigerian politician for the People's Democratic Party (PDP). He represented the Abia North Senatorial District from 29 May 2003 until his death.

Chukwumerije was born in Abia State to a Christian family. One of his sons is Chika Chukwumerije (born 1983), a taekwondo artist and Olympic medalist.

Chukwumerije died from lung cancer on 19 April 2015 in Abuja. He was 75.

## References
Elio Toaff

in 2007]]

**Elio Toaff** (30 April 1915 &ndash; 19 April 2015) was an Italian rabbi. He was the Chief Rabbi of Rome from 1951 to 2002. From 1947, he served as a rabbi in Venice. He had a friendship with Pope John Paul II, and attended his funeral in April 2005.

Toaff was born in Livorno. One of his children is Israeli-Italian professor Ariel Toaff (born 1942 in Ancona).

Toaff died on 19 April 2015 in Rome, aged 99.

## References
Natalie Bennett

**Natalie Bennett** (born 10 February 1966 in Sydney, Australia) is a former leader of the British political party, the Green Party of England and Wales. She was elected as the party's leader on 3 September 2012 and lead the party for four years, ending on 2 September 2016. Bennett was given a peerage in Theresa May's 2019 resignation honours.

## References
Heino Kleiminger

**Heino Kleiminger** (3 February 1939 – 16 April 2015) was a German footballer. He was capped four times for East Germany in 1963 and 1964. He survived a massive heart attack in 1997, and had a bypass operation in 1998.

Kleiminger died from cancer on 16 April 2015 in Rostock, aged 76. 

## Personal life
His son, Ralf Kleiminger (born 1963), was also a footballer.

## References
Aharon Lichtenstein

**Aharon Lichtenstein** (23 May 1933 &ndash; 20 April 2015) was a French-born American-Israeli Orthodox rabbi, rosh yeshiva and writer. He was an authority of Jewish law ("Halacha"). He won the Israel Prize in 2014.

Lichtenstein was born in Paris and grew up in New York, United States. He studied at Yeshiva University and Harvard University. He married in 1960 and had six children.

Lichtenstein died on 20 April 2015 in Jerusalem, aged 81.

## References
Claudius Aelianus

**Claudius Aelianus** (, modern Greek transliteration *Klávdios Elianós*; c. 175c. 235 AD), commonly **Aelian** () was a teacher from Latium. He was born around the year 170. He died after 220. Even though he was from Rome, he wrote in Greek. In English, he is often referred to as **Aelian**. 

## References
West Perth, Ontario

**West Perth** is a municipality in Ontario, Canada, located in Perth County. It was started in 1998, when the town of Mitchell and the townships of Logan, Hibbert, and Fullarton d. West Perth has an area of 578.88 square kilometers (223.51 square miles). According to the Canada 2021 Census, it has a population of 9,038.

## References
Orillia

**Orillia** is a city in Central Ontario, Canada. It is 135 kilometers (84 miles) north of Toronto. It is between two lakes, Lake Couchiching and Lake Simcoe. According to the Canada 2021 Census, 33,411 people lived in Orillia.

The Orillia City Council is in charge of governing the city and has eight councilors and a mayor. The Ontario Provincial Police has its headquarters in the city.

The Huron and the Iroquois lived in the area of Orillia for over 4,000 years. Nobody really knows how Orillia got its name. It might come from the Spanish word "orilla", which means the shore of a lake or river. Orillia was incorporated as a village in 1867. It became a city in 1967.

## References
Bernoulli distribution

**The Bernoulli distribution** is a probability distribution. It takes a value of 1 with probability *p* and a value of 0 with probability 1-*p*. It is sometimes written as \operatorname{Ber}(p). It is used in probability theory and statistics. It is named after a Swiss scientist Jacob Bernoulli.

## Overview 
A Bernoulli distribution is useful because it can be used to approximate the outcomes of an experiment (such as tossing a coin) as a range of percentages. It represents a "yes or no" type experiment. If the experiment succeeds, then it is given the value 1. If the experiment does not succeed, it is given value 0. This can be used, for example, in tossing a coin, where "1" means it lands on "heads", and "0" means it lands on "tails" (or the other way around).

This distribution has only one parameter, the probability of a success (*p*). In fact, Bernoulli distribution is the binomial distribution with *n*=1, and *n* independent and identically distributed Bernoulli distributions also give rise to binomial distribution.

## Related pages 
* Poisson distribution

## References
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro

**Oscar Luigi Scalfaro** (; 9 September 1918 – 29 January 2012) was an Italian politician. He was the ninth President of the Italian Republic from 1992 to 1999, and later a senator for life.

## References
## Other websites
*Encyclopaedia Britannica, Oscar Luigi Scalfaro - full access article
*  La biografia del presidente
*
Norm Crosby

**Norman Lawrence** "**Norm**" **Crosby** (September 15, 1927 &ndash; November 7, 2020) was an American comedian. He was known for co-hosting the Canadian television series *Everything Goes*. His nickname was **The Master of Malaprop**.

On November 7, 2020, Crosby died of heart failure at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Interview, November 2010
* Interview December 27, 2014  in Ames Tribune
Fennoscandia

and the Kola Peninsula are shown on this map.]]
**Fennoscandia** or **Fenno-Scandinavia** is the region including the Scandinavian Peninsula, Finland, Karelia, and the Kola Peninsula. The  usually covers the countries Finland, Norway, and Sweden in their entireties. It also includes a part of Russia. Its name comes from the Latin words Fennia (which means Finland) and Scandia (which means Scandinavia).

Fennoscandia is different from both Scandinavia and the Nordic countries. Denmark is not in the Scandinavian Peninsula and Karelia and the Kola Peninsula are not a part of the Nordic countries. They are a part of Russia. The geography of Fennoscandia is very mountainous and rough. It is also very beautiful with sights such as fjords, which take up a lot of space in Norway. Socially Fennoscandia shows the historically close relationship between the Finnish, Norwegian, Russian, Sámi and Swedish people.  It also  includes the Karelia area which until near the end of the Second World War was part of Finland.  Until 1956 much of the area was a Soviet Republic and it remains an administrative division of Russia.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Green Belt of Fennoscandia
Arvada, Colorado

The **City of Arvada** is a city in Jefferson County Colorado, USA. It is a suburb of Denver. The city population was 124,402 residents in 2020. Arvada is the seventh largest city in Colorado. The Olde Town Arvada historic district is located  northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. In 1850 gold was discovered in Arvada.

## Attractions 
* Western Bowl, 10000 Ralston Rd, Arvada, CO 80004
* Big Time Trampoline Fun Center, New Life Addiction Treatment, 7330 W 52nd Ave, Arvada, CO 80002

## References
Richard Anthony

**Richard Anthony**, also known as **Ricardo Anthony Btesh** (13 January 1938 – 19 April 2015), was a French singer from Cairo, Egypt. He was known for singing the soundtrack of *A Good Year* and for his small acting roles in *Dallas* and *Star Trek: The Original Series*.

Anthony died in Pégomas, France, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
Raymond Carr

**Sir Raymond Albert Maillard Carr** FBA FRHS FRSL (11 April 1919 – 19 April 2015), known as **Raymond Carr**, was an English historian. His works were mostly about the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden. He was also Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford, from 1968 to 1987.

## References
Bob St. Clair

**Robert Bruce** "**Bob**" **St. Clair** (February 18, 1931 &ndash; April 20, 2015), nicknamed "**The Geek**", was an American football player and politician. He played for the NFL team San Francisco 49ers from 1953 to 1963. He also served as mayor of Daly City, California from 1958 to 1961.

St. Clair was born in San Francisco, California. He was of Yaqui Native American ancestry.

St. Clair died after a short illness on April 20, 2015 in Santa Rosa, California. He was 74.

## References
Jonathan Crombie

**Jonathan Crombie** (October 12, 1966 – April 15, 2015) was a Canadian actor. He was best known for playing Gilbert Blythe in CBC Television's 1985 television *Anne of Green Gables* and its two sequels.

Crombie died in New York City, New York from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 48.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*
Viktor Korshunov

**Viktor Ivanovich Korshunov** (; 24 November 1929 &ndash; 17 April 2015) was a Russian movie and stage actor. His career started in the 1950s. He was awarded the People's Artist of the USSR.

Korshunov was born in Moscow. He married actress Yekaterina Yelanskaya in 1953. She died in July 2013. They had one son, actor Aleksandr Korshunov (born 1954).

Korshunov died after a long illness on 17 April 2015 in Moscow, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
*