September 10

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1419 &ndash; John of Burgundy is assassinated by friends of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France.
* 1509 &ndash; A strong earthquake hits Constantinople, referred to by people at the time as the "Lesser Judgement Day".
* 1515 &ndash; Thomas Wolsey becomes a cardinal.
* 1547 &ndash; Battle of Pinkie Cleugh: Last major battle engagement between England and Scotland, which ends in victory for the forces of Edward VI of England.
* 1608 &ndash; John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia.
* 1776 &ndash; American Revolutionary War: Nathan Hale volunteers to spy.
* 1798 &ndash; At the Battle of St. George, British Honduras defeats Spain.
* 1813 &ndash; The U.S. defeats the British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812.
* 1823 &ndash; Simón Bolívar is named President of Peru.
* 1846 &ndash; Elias Howe gets a patent for the sewing machine.
* 1858 &ndash; George Mary Searle discovers the asteroid 55 Pandora.
* 1897 &ndash; In the Lattimer Massacre, a sheriff's posse kills more than nineteen unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania, United States.
* 1898 &ndash; Empress Elizabeth of Austria is assassinated by Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni, at Lake Geneva, Switzerland.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1913 &ndash; The first paved coast–to–coast U.S. highway opens.
* 1918 &ndash; Russian Civil War: The Red Army captures the city of Kazan.
* 1919 &ndash; Austria and the Allies sign the Treaty of Saint-Germain recognizing the independence of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
* 1927 &ndash; France had its first Davis Cup win, though it had competed since 1905.
* 1932 &ndash; The New York City Subway's third competing subway system, the municipally–owned "IND", is opened.
* 1933 &ndash; Ramon Grau San Martin becomes leader of Cuba.
* 1936 &ndash; The first World Individual Motorcycle Speedway Championship is held at Wembley Stadium
* 1939 &ndash; The submarine HMS* Oxley* is sunk by mistake by the submarine HMS* Triton* off the coast of Norway and becomes the Royal Navy's first loss in World War II.
* 1939 &ndash; World War II: Canada declares war on Nazi Germany.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: The Allies carry out an amphibious landing at Majunga, north–west Madagascar, to re–launch Allied offensive operations in the Madagascar Campaign.
* 1943 &ndash; Tottori, Japan is struck by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, killing 1,190 people.
* 1943 &ndash; World War II: German forces began their occupation of Rome during World War II.
* 1944 &ndash; World War II: American troops liberate Luxembourg.
* 1945 &ndash; In Norway, Vidkun Quisling is sentenced to death for collaboration with Nazi Germany.
* 1951 &ndash; The United Kingdom began an economic boycott of Iran.
* 1960 &ndash; Mickey Mantle hits what is thought to be the Major League baseball's longest home run, sending the ball an estimated 643 feet.
* 1960 &ndash; At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Ethiopian Abebe Bikila becomes the first person from SubSaharan Africa to win an Olympic gold medal, winning the marathon in bare feet.
* 1961 &ndash; Italian Grand Prix: German racing driver Wolfgang von Trips is killed in a crash. Being crushed under his Ferrari, 13 spectators are also killed.
* 1963 &ndash; 20 African–American students enter public schools in the U.S. state of Alabama.
* 1967 &ndash; The people of Gibraltar vote to remain a British dependency rather than becoming part of Spain.
* 1972 &ndash; The United States loses its first international basketball game in a disputed match versus the Soviet Union at Munich, Germany.
* 1974 &ndash; Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal.
* 1976 &ndash; A British Airways Trident and an Inex-Adria DC–9 collide near Zagreb, Yugoslavia, killing 176.
* 1977 &ndash; Last execution by Guillotine takes place in France. Hamida Djandoubi, convicted for torture and murder, is executed at Baumettes Prison in Marseille.
* 1988 &ndash; Steffi Graf wins the Singles Title at the US Open Tennis, managing to win all four Grand Slams in one year. She later wins the Olympic Gold in the same year in order to achieve a historic "Golden Slam".
* 1989 &ndash; A Bulgarian tug boat collides with Romanian passenger ship *Mogasoaia* on the Danube, near Galati, Romania, killing 207 people.
* 1990 &ndash; The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire – the largest church in Africa and perhaps the world – is consecrated by Pope John Paul II.

### From 2001 
* 2001 &ndash; Charles Ingram cheats his way to winning a million pounds on the British quiz programme Who Wants to be a Millionaire.
* 2001 &ndash; Kjell Magne Bondevik is elected Prime Minister of Norway.
* 2002 &ndash; Switzerland, known for its neutrality, finally joins the United Nations.
* 2002 &ndash; The U.S. Homeland Security Advisory System is set to Orange, or *High Condition*, for the first time.
* 2003 &ndash; Anna Lindh, the foreign minister of Sweden, is stabbed fatally while shopping, and dies of her wounds on September 11.
* 2006 &ndash; Michael Schumacher announces his first retirement from Formula One. On the same day, in Hungary, Jenson Button wins a Grand Prix for the first time.
* 2006 &ndash; King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV of Tonga dies, aged 88. His son, George Tupou V, takes over, and reigns until his own death in 2012.
* 2007 &ndash; Nawaz Sharif returns to Pakistan after over seven years in exile.
* 2008 &ndash; The Large Hadron Collider at CERN on the French–Swiss border is switched on for the first time.
* 2011 &ndash; Tanzanian ferry *MV Spice Islander* sinks off Zanzibar, killing 1,573 people.
* 2013 &ndash; German Thomas Bach is chosen to succeed Jacques Rogge as President of the International Olympic Committee.
* 2014 &ndash; The first Invictus Games, for injured military servicemen, take place in London.
* 2015 &ndash; Scientists announce the discovery, in South Africa, of Homo naledi, a species of early human.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 920 &ndash; King Louis IV of France (d. 954)
* 1169 &ndash; Alexios Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1183)
* 1487 &ndash; Pope Julius III (d. 1555)
* 1561 &ndash; Hernando Arias de Saavedra, Paraguayan–Argentine soldier and politician (d. 1634)
* 1624 &ndash; Thomas Sydenham, English physician (d. 1689)
* 1638 &ndash; Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of King Louis XIV of France (d. 1683)
* 1659 &ndash; Henry Purcell, English composer (d. 1695)
* 1753 &ndash; John Sloane, English architect (d. 1837)
* 1786 &ndash; Nicolas Bravo, 11th President of Mexico (d. 1854)
* 1788 &ndash; Jacques Boucher de Crevecoeur de Perthes, French archaeologist (d. 1868)
* 1801 &ndash; Marie Laveau, American voodoo practitioner (d. 1881)
* 1809 &ndash; Thomas Campbell Eyton, English naturalist (d. 1880)
* 1817 &ndash; Richard Spruce, English botanist (d. 1893)
* 1821 &ndash; William Jervois, 10th Governor of South Australia (d. 1897)
* 1836 &ndash; Joseph Wheeler, American Confederate general and politician (d. 1906)
* 1839 &ndash; Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher, mathematician and scientist (d. 1914)
* 1844 &ndash; Abel Hoadley, English–Australian candy maker (d. 1918)
* 1852 &ndash; Alice Brown Davis, American chief of the Seminole tribe in Oklahoma (d. 1935)
* 1857 &ndash; James Edward Keeler, American astrophysicist (d. 1900)
* 1861 &ndash; Niels Hansen Jacobsen, Danish sculptor (d. 1941)
* 1866 &ndash; Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish writer (d. 1930)
* 1871 &ndash; Charles Collett, English engineer (d. 1952)
* 1872 &ndash; Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer (d. 1933)
* 1872 &ndash; Vladimir Arsenyev, Russian explorer (d. 1930)
* 1885 &ndash; Johannes de Jong, Dutch cardinal (d. 1955)
* 1886 &ndash; H.D., American writer (d. 1961)
* 1887 &ndash; Giovanni Gronchi, 3rd President of Italy (d. 1978)
* 1887 &ndash; Govind Ballabh Pant, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (d. 1961)
* 1890 &ndash; Bob Heffron, 30th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1978)
* 1890 &ndash; Elsa Schiaparelli, French couturier (d. 1973)
* 1890 &ndash; Franz Werfel, Austrian writer (d. 1945)
* 1891 &ndash; Carl Jacob Burckhardt, Swiss diplomat, essayist and historian (d. 1974)
* 1892 &ndash; Arthur Compton, American physicist (d. 1962)
* 1893 &ndash; Maria de Jesus, Portuguese supercentenarian (d. 2009)
* 1894 &ndash; Alexander Dovzhenko, Soviet–Ukrainian screenwriter, producer and director (d. 1956)
* 1895 &ndash; Viswanathan Satyanarayana, Indian poet (d. 1976)
* 1896 &ndash; Robert Tascheraeu, Canadian judge and politician (d. 1970)
* 1896 &ndash; Ye Ting, Chinese military leader (d. 1946)
* 1896 &ndash; Adele Astaire, American dancer (d. 1981)
* 1897 &ndash; Georges Bataille, French philosopher and writer (d. 1962)
* 1898 &ndash; Bessie Love, American actress (d. 1986)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1904 &ndash; Max Shachtman, American theorist and politician (d. 1972)
* 1904 &ndash; Juan José Arévalo, President of Guatemala (d. 1990)
* 1906 &ndash; Karl Wien, German mountaineer (d. 1937)
* 1908 &ndash; Angus Bethune, Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania (d. 2004)
* 1910 &ndash; Franz Hengsbach, German cardinal (d. 1991)
* 1911 &ndash; Renée Simonot, French actress
* 1911 &ndash; Nelly Omar, Argentine actress and singer (d. 2013)
* 1912 &ndash; Basappa Danappa Jatti, Indian politician (d. 2002)
* 1914 &ndash; Terence O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of the Maine, Irish politician (d. 1990)
* 1914 &ndash; Robert Wise, American director and producer (d. 2005)
* 1918 &ndash; Rin Tin Tin, German shepherd dog (d. 1932)
* 1920 &ndash; C. R. Rao, Indian–American mathematician and statistician
* 1921 &ndash; Alfred Bengsch, German cardinal (d. 1979)
* 1922 &ndash; Yma Sumac, Peruvian singer (d. 2008)
* 1923 &ndash; Shmuel Eisenstadt, Israeli sociologist (d. 2010)
* 1924 &ndash; Boyd K. Packer, American educator and religious leader (d. 2015)
* 1925 &ndash; Roy Brown, American singer-songwriter (d. 1981)
* 1925 &ndash; Hubert Hammerer, Austrian Olympic shooter
* 1926 &ndash; Ladislav Adamec, Czechoslovakian politician (d. 2007)
* 1926 &ndash; Beryl Cook, British painter (d. 2008)
* 1927 &ndash; Gerhard Jahn, German politician (d. 1998)
* 1928 &ndash; Jean Vanier, Canadian theologian and philosopher
* 1928 &ndash; Otto F. Kernberg, Austrian psychoanalyst
* 1929 &ndash; Arnold Palmer, American golfer (d. 2016)
* 1931 &ndash; Philip Baker Hall, American actor
* 1932 &ndash; Félix Malloum, President of Chad (d. 2009)
* 1933 &ndash; Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer
* 1933 &ndash; Yevgeny Khrunov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2000)
* 1934 &ndash; Roger Maris, American baseball player (d. 1985)
* 1934 &ndash; Jim Oberstar, American politician (d. 2014)
* 1935 &ndash; Giacomo Losi, Italian footballer
* 1936 &ndash; Peter Lovesey, English crime fiction writer
* 1937 &ndash; Jared Diamond, American evolutionary biologist
* 1939 &ndash; Cynthia Lennon, English ex–wife of John Lennon (d. 2015)
* 1939 &ndash; Hans Sotin, German opera singer
* 1940 &ndash; Roy Ayers, American jazz musician
* 1941 &ndash; Stephen Jay Gould, American palaeontologist (d. 2002)
* 1941 &ndash; Christopher Hogwood, English conductor (d. 2014)
* 1941 &ndash; Gunpei Yokoi, Japanese video game designer (d. 1997)
* 1945 &ndash; José Feliciano, Puerto Rican musician, singer and composer
* 1946 &ndash; Michèle Alliot-Marie, French politician
* 1946 &ndash; Don Powell, English drummer (Slade)
* 1946 &ndash; Shlomo Sand, Israeli historian
* 1948 &ndash; Margaret Trudeau, Canadian actress, writer and biographer
* 1948 &ndash; Bob Lanier, American basketball player
* 1948 &ndash; Brian Donohoe, Scottish politician
* 1948 &ndash; Zhang Chengzhi, Chinese author
* 1948 &ndash; Ted Poe, American politician
* 1950 &ndash; Joe Perry, American singer-songwriter

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Eliseo Alberto, Cuban writer (d. 2011)
* 1952 &ndash; Bruno Giacomelli, Italian racing driver
* 1952 &ndash; Medea Benjamin, American activist
* 1952 &ndash; Patrick McGorry, Australian psychiatrist
* 1953 &ndash; Amy Irving, American actress, movie producer and singer
* 1953 &ndash; John Thurso, Scottish politician
* 1954 &ndash; Jackie Ashley, English journalist
* 1954 &ndash; Lorely Burt, English politician
* 1954 &ndash; Clark Johnson, American actor, director and movie producer
* 1956 &ndash; Johnnie Fingers, Irish musician, songwriter and producer
* 1957 &ndash; Carol Decker, English singer-songwriter
* 1958 &ndash; Chris Columbus, American movie director, producer and screenwriter
* 1958 &ndash; Siobhan Fahey, Irish singer-songwriter and producer
* 1960 &ndash; Colin Firth, English actor
* 1960 &ndash; Margaret Ferrier, Scottish politician
* 1963 &ndash; Randy Johnson, American baseball pitcher, five–time Cy Young Award winner
* 1964 &ndash; John E. Sununu, American politician
* 1964 &ndash; Edmund de Waal, English artist
* 1966 &ndash; Joe Nieuwendyk, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1968 &ndash; Andreas Herzog, Austrian footballer
* 1968 &ndash; Guy Ritchie, British director, screenwriter and producer
* 1968 &ndash; Big Daddy Kane, American rapper and producer
* 1968 &ndash; Juan Maldacena, Argentine–American physicist
* 1969 &ndash; David Trueba, Spanish writer, journalist, screenwriter, actor and director
* 1970 &ndash; Ménélik, French rapper
* 1972 &ndash; Ghada Shouaa, Syrian athlete
* 1973 &ndash; Deniz Yücel, German journalist
* 1974 &ndash; Ryan Philippe, American actor
* 1975 &ndash; Viktor Kassai, Hungarian footballer and referee

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Gustavo Kuerten, Brazilian tennis player
* 1976 &ndash; Vassilis Lakis, Greek footballer
* 1978 &ndash; Julia Goldsworthy, English politician
* 1980 &ndash; Mikey Way, musician, bassist for My Chemical Romance
* 1982 &ndash; Stephen McManus, Scottish footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Fernando Belluschi, Argentine footballer
* 1983 &ndash; Jérémy Toulalan, French footballer
* 1985 &ndash; David Clarkson, Scottish footballer
* 1985 &ndash; Aya Kamiki, Japanese musical artist
* 1985 &ndash; Laurent Koscielny, French footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Hiroki Uchi, Japanese singer-songwriter and actor
* 1986 &ndash; Eoin Morgan, Irish cricketer
* 1987 &ndash; Nana Tanimura, Japanese singer-songwriter
* 1987 &ndash; Paul Goldschmidt, American baseball player
* 1988 &ndash; Jordan Staal, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1988 &ndash; Jared Lee Loughner, American murderer
* 1990 &ndash; Chandler Massey, American actor
* 1993 &ndash; Ruggero Pasquarelli, Italian actor and singer
* 1993 &ndash; Sam Kerr, Australian soccer player
* 1995 &ndash; Anastasiia Harnyk, Ukrainian Paralympic judoka
* 1997 &ndash; Brooke Henderson, Canadian golfer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 210 BC &ndash; Qin Shi Huang, Chinese Emperor (b. 259 BC)
* 918 &ndash; Baldwin II, Count of Flanders (b. 865)
* 954 &ndash; King Louis IV of France (b. 920)
* 1167 &ndash; Empress Matilda of England (b. 1102)
* 1197 &ndash; Henry II, Count of Champagne (b. 1166)
* 1306 &ndash; Nicholas of Tolentino, Italian saint and mystic (b. 1245)
* 1308 &ndash; Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan (b. 1285)
* 1382 &ndash; Louis I of Hungary (b. 1326)
* 1419 &ndash; John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1371)
* 1482 &ndash; Federico da Montefeltro, Italian warlord (b. 1422)
* 1591 &ndash; Richard Grenville, English soldier and explorer (b. 1542)
* 1669 &ndash; Henrietta Maria of France (b. 1609)
* 1797 &ndash; Mary Wollstonecraft, British female philosopher (b. 1759)
* 1815 &ndash; John Singleton Copley, American artist (b. 1738)
* 1827 &ndash; Ugo Foscolo, Italian poet and novelist (b. 1778)
* 1842 &ndash; William Hobson, 1st Governor of New Zealand (b. 1792)
* 1842 &ndash; Letitia Christian Tyler, First Lady of the United States (b. 1790)
* 1889 &ndash; Charles III, Prince of Monaco (b. 1818)
* 1898 &ndash; Empress Elizabeth of Austria (b. 1837)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1915 &ndash; Charles Boucher de Boucherville, 3rd Premier of Quebec (b. 1822)
* 1923 &ndash; Sukumar Ray, Indian poet and playwright (b. 1887)
* 1931 &ndash; Dmitri Egorov, Russian mathematician (b. 1869)
* 1935 &ndash; Huey Long, American politician, 40th Governor of Louisiana (b. 1893)
* 1937 &ndash; Sergei Tretyakov, Russian writer (b. 1892)
* 1938 &ndash; Charles Cruft, British businessman (b. 1852)
* 1948 &ndash; King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (b. 1861)
* 1952 &ndash; Youssef Aftimus, Lebanese engineer and architect (b. 1866)
* 1954 &ndash; Peter Anders, German tenor (b. 1908)
* 1961 &ndash; Leo Carrillo, American actor (b. 1880)
* 1961 &ndash; Wolfgang von Trips, German racing driver (b. 1928)
* 1965 &ndash; Father Divine, American spiritual leader (b. 1880)
* 1966 &ndash; Ernst Julius Gumbel, German mathematician (b. 1891)
* 1971 &ndash; Pier Angeli, Italian actress (b. 1932)
* 1975 &ndash; George Paget Thomson, English physicist (b. 1892)
* 1977 &ndash; Hamida Djandoubi, last person to be executed by guillotine in France (b. 1949)
* 1979 &ndash; Agostinho Neto, 1st President of Angola (b. 1922)
* 1983 &ndash; Felix Bloch, Swiss–born physicist (b. 1905)
* 1983 &ndash; John Vorster, Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1915)
* 1983 &ndash; Jon Brower Minnoch, heaviest–recorded person (b. 1941)
* 1983 &ndash; Norah Lofts, English novelist (b. 1904)
* 1985 &ndash; Jock Stein, Scottish football manager (b. 1922)
* 1991 &ndash; Jack Crawford, Australian tennis player (b. 1908)
* 1994 &ndash; Max Morlock, German footballer (b. 1925)
* 1995 &ndash; Charles Denner, French actor (b. 1926)
* 1996 &ndash; Joanne Dru, American actress (b. 1923)
* 1996 &ndash; Hans List, Austrian scientist and inventor (b. 1896)

### From 2001 
* 2004 &ndash; Glyn Owen, Welsh actor (b. 1928)
* 2005 &ndash; Hermann Bondi, Austrian mathematician and cosmologist (b. 1919)
* 2006 &ndash; Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (b. 1918)
* 2007 &ndash; Anita Roddick, British businesswoman (b. 1942)
* 2007 &ndash; Jane Wyman, American actress (b. 1917)
* 2011 &ndash; Cliff Robertson, American actor (b. 1923)
* 2012 &ndash; Vondell Darr, American actress (b. 1919)
* 2012 &ndash; Lance LeGault, American actor (b. 1935)
* 2014 &ndash; Richard Kiel, American actor (b. 1939)
* 2014 &ndash; Emilio Botin, Spanish businessman (b. 1934)
* 2015 &ndash; Dickie Moore, American actor (b. 1925)
* 2015 &ndash; Adrian Frutiger, Swiss typeface designer (b. 1928)
* 2015 &ndash; Norman Farberow, American psychologist (b. 1918)
* 2015 &ndash; Franco Interlenghi, Italian actor (b. 1931)
* 2015 &ndash; James E. Proctor, Jr., American politician (b. 1936)
* 2015 &ndash; Antoine Lahad, Lebanese military officer (b. 1927)
* 2016 &ndash; Jutta Limbach, German jurist (b. 1934)
* 2017 &ndash; Hans Alfredson, Swedish actor, director, writer and comedian (b. 1931)
* 2017 &ndash; Xavier Atencio, American animator, lyricist and engineer (b. 1919)
* 2017 &ndash; Nancy Dupree, American historian (b. 1927)
* 2017 &ndash; René Laurentin, French theologian (b. 1917)
* 2017 &ndash; Don Ohlmeyer, American entertainment executive (b. 1945)
* 2017 &ndash; B. V. Radha, Indian actress (b. 1948)
* 2017 &ndash; Len Wein, American comic book writer (b. 1948)
* 2025 &ndash; Charlie Kirk, American political activist (b. 1993)

## Observances 
* National Day (Gibraltar)
* Teacher's Day (People's Republic of China and Hong Kong)
* International Suicide Prevention Day
* Children's Day (Honduras)