open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Abdelhamid Abaaoud

**Abdelhamid Abaaoud** (8 April 1987 &ndash; 18 November 2015) was a Belgian Islamic terrorist. He spent his early years in a nicer household, went to a private college and decided to join ISIS After his family advised against his decision. After which His Family disowned him stating that they hope That He was dead .He was suspected of having organized multiple terror attacks in Belgium and France, including the November 2015 Paris attacks. He also went by the names **Abou Omar Soussi** (, meaning "from Sous", his Moroccan family's place of origin) and **Abou Omar el-Beljiki** (, meaning Abou Omar the Belgian).

On 18 November French authorities conducted a raid which ended in the injury of five police officers, two deaths and five arrests. The raid took place in the suburb of Saint-Denis, near Paris, and targeted Abaaoud. Abaaoud was one of those who died in the raid.

## References
Battery (crime)

**Battery** is the intentional and  or  contact with another person. The exact definition varies by jurisdiction. In criminal law the elements of battery are physical contact that causes harm or offensive contact without that person's consent. Battery is often confused with assault which is threatening battery. Battery is when the threat (assault) is carried out and the person is harmed in some way. Criminal battery and civil battery may be the same or differ slightly depending on jurisdiction. In many cases the act of battery can result in both criminal and civil liability. 

Criminal battery is the result of breaking a law regarding harming another person. Criminal cases are prosecuted by the state. Simple battery is more often a misdemeanor. The elements of simple battery include:
* The use of a deadly weapon. 
* Cases where the result is serious bodily injury.
* The battery involves a hate crime
* Battery is committed against a vulnerable person: a child, an elderly person, or a pregnant woman.
* Battery committed against police officer is it usually considered aggravated battery. 

## References
Salatyn Asgarova

**Salatyn Aziz qizi Asgarova** (; ; 16 December 1961 – 9 January 1991) is a National Hero of Azerbaijan. She was one of the Azerbaijani journalists killed in the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

## Legacy
A Baku street and a ship in the Caspian Sea are named after her.

A monument in her memory was erected at Tafakkur University in Baku.

She was given the National Hero title after her death. Salatyn was buried in the Martyrs' Lane in Baku.

## References
Neurosecretion

**Neurosecretion** is when nerve cells make, store and release hormones. 

The hormonal system of the body is almost entirely controlled by the central nervous system. It normally does this by sending nerve impulses down axons to a gland. However, some special nerve cells can make hormones themselves, and deliver them to glands which act as storage organs. The neurons of the neuroendocrine system are large; they are mini factories for producing secretory products. These cells are called **neurosecretory cells**, and they make **neurohormones**.

Most neurohormones are secreted from nerve cells in the hypothalamus of the brain which (either immediately, or after storage) circulate in the blood. They are similar to normal endocrine cells and glands because they regulate both endocrine and nonendocrine cells. 

There are also neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal glands, which are just above the kidneys. They are called chromaffin cells, and they release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

## References
Shadi Sadr

**Shadi Sadr** (; born 1974) is an Iranian human rights lawyer, journalist, and activist for women's rights.  In 2010 Sadr received the International Women of Courage Award.

## Life 
Shadi Sadr was born in Tehran, Iran in 1974.

## Work 
[[File:"Imprisoned in Iran" discussion panel (6146446103).jpg|thumb|Shadi Sadr in London in 2011. ]]
Sadr is an expert on women's legal rights in Iran. She was director of Raahi, a legal advice center for women.  It is now closed.  Sadr also started *Women in Iran*, a website about women's rights in Iran.  As a lawyer, she defended several women activists and journalists in court, after they were sentenced to death. This project was started by ''Women's Field'', a women's rights group. 

After the Bam earthquake in 2003, Sadr helped collect food and supplies for women and children in the area.

### First arrest 
In March 2007, the Iranian government arrested 33 women, including Shadi Sadr.  The women were protesting against the trial of five women who demonstrated for women's rights in the One Million Signatures protest of 12 June 2006. Sadr was in jail for fifteen days.  Then she was freed on bail with Mahbubeh Abbasgholizadeh.

### Second arrest 
On 17 July 2009, Shadi Sadr was arrested again.  She was going to Friday prayers with other female activists. Some military men in civilian clothes stopped her.  They did not say who they were.  They beat her and put her in a car. She got away, but they got her again and put her in the car again.  Then they took her somewhere, although she did not know where they took her, she was later able to call her husband. She was released 11 days later on July 28, 2009.

## Awards 
*In 2004, Sadr received the Ida B. Wells Award for Bravery in Journalism from Women's eNews 21 Leaders for the 21st Century.
*In 2009, she received the Lech Walesa Prize for human rights, freedom of expression, and democracy in Iran from the Lech Walesa Institute Foundation.

*She received a Dutch human rights prize, the Human Rights Defenders Tulip, on November 9, 2009.

*In 2010 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

## References 
## Other websites
* Women's Field
* Interview with Shadi Sadr: Collecting Evidence for Crimes against Humanity 
* 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
*Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Noble orchid

The **Noble Orchid** (*Cymbidium goeringii*) is a cold hardy evergreen Orchid. It is a dwarf plant that s in the spring. Its petals are green, yellow-green or brown. It has pseudobulbs found below ground. In Japan it has been cultivated for several hundred years. In Europe the earliest records date it to 1780.

## References
Ahmad

**Ahmed (**[ˈɑːmɛd], Ah-med**)**, also spelt Ahmad and Ahmet, is an Arabic word meaning "highly praised". The spellings are Ahmad, Ahmet and Ahmed. Ahmad's popularity ranking in 2021 was 688.

It is used in Arabic countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Palestine, Libya and Algeria.

## People 
* Ahmad Jannati, the secretary of the Guardian Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran
* Ahmad Rashād, American sportscaster for NBC Sports and former professional football player
* Ahmad Khatami, member of the Iranian Assembly of Experts
* Ahmad Shamlou, Persian poet, writer and journalist
* Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, Sierra Leonean politician
* Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Muslim jurist and theologian (780–855)
* Ahmad Abdollahzadeh, Iranian association football player

## References
Ironclad warship

An **ironclad** is a ship ed by iron or steel armor plates. The first recorded use of an ironclad was during the Japanese invasion of Korea. Western use of ironclads began about the second half of the 19th century. The Western ironclad  was developed because up to then wooden warships were easily damaged by explosive or  shells.

## History 
In 1592 Admiral Yi Sun-sin put armor plates on his "tortoise-ships". These protected the sides and top from bullets, arrows and fire. This allowed his small fleet to be victorious in several battles with the Japanese fleet. The first Western ironclad battleship, "Gloire", was launched by the French Navy in November 1859. The British Admiralty had been considering armored warships since 1856. They prepared a draft design for an armored corvette in 1857. In early 1859 the Royal Navy started building two iron-hulled armored frigates, and by 1861 had made the decision to move to an all-armored battle fleet. After the first clashes of ironclads (both with wooden ships and with one another) took place in 1862 during the American Civil War. It became clear that the ironclad had replaced the unarmored ship of the line as the most powerful warship afloat. This type of ship would come to be very successful in the American Civil War.

By the 1870s, ironclads were the main warships of the world's most powerful Navies. But the ironclad era only lasted about 50 years. By the 1890s most sailing ironclads had been replaced by modern battleships.

## References
Beata Szydło

**Beata Maria Szydło** (*15th April 1963 in Oświęcim, Poland) - is a Polish politician, deputy of Parliament of Poland since 2005. She became Prime Minister of Poland on 16 November 2015. She's a member of Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice). She left the Prime Minister office on 11 December 2017 and was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki.

## Education 
In 1987 Szydło finished studies in ethnography at The Jagiellonian University in Kraków. From 1989 until 1995 she was a PhD student. In 1997 she finished postgraduate studies for managers of culture at Warsaw School of Economics. In 2001 she finished Cracow University of Economics - management of local government in the European Union.

In 2004 she participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program.

## Political activity until 2015 
In 1998 she became mayor of community Gmina Brzeszcze. In 2005 she joined Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice) and she was elected the deputy of Polish parliament. She renewed parliamentary mandate in 2007.

In the 2011 parliamentary election Szydło remained the position of deputy. She received 43 612 votes. She renewed mandate in 2015. She was designated as the candidate for Prime Minister of Poland.

## Prime Minister of Poland 
On 13 November 2015, the President of Poland Andrzej Duda nominated Szydło for Prime Minister of Poland. On 16 November she was established for the position. On 18 November her government received a vote of confidence and she delivered an exposé. In December 2017, she was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki as Prime Minister.

## References
Nuremberg principles

The **Nuremberg principles** were a set of guidelines for  what constitutes a war crime. The document was created by the International Law Commission of the United Nations to codify the legal principles underlying the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi party members following World War II.

## The principles 
### Principle I 
"Any person who commits an  which s a crime under international law is responsible therefor and liable to punishment."

### Principle II 
"The fact that internal law does not  a  for an act which constitutes a crime under international law does not relieve the person who committed the act from  under international law." After the Nuremberg Trials, that defense is now referred to by many as the "Nuremberg Defense".  More recently a third term, "lawful orders", has been used for the same defense. 

### Principle V 
"Any person charged with a crime under international law has the right to a fair trial on the facts and law."

### Principle VI 
"The crimes hereinafter set out are punishable as crimes under international law: 

:(a) **Crimes against peace**:
::(i) Planning, preparation, initiation or waging of a war of aggression or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances;
::(ii) Participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the acts mentioned under (i).

:(b) **War crimes**:
:Violations of the laws or  of war which include, but are not limited to, murder, ill- or deportation to slave labor or for any other purpose of civilian population of or in occupied territory; murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the Seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns, or villages, or  not justified by military necessity.

:(c) **Crimes against humanity**:
:Murder, , enslavement, deportation and other  done against any civilian population, or persecutions on political, racial, or religious grounds, when such acts are done or such persecutions are carried on in execution of or in connection with any crime against peace or any war crime."

### Principle VII 
"Complicity in the commission of a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity as set forth in Principle VI is a crime under international law."

## Related pages 
*Command responsibility
*Geneva Conventions
*International Criminal Court
*International legal theory
*Laws of war
*London Charter of the International Military Tribunal
*Nuremberg Code
*Nuremberg Trials
*Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project
*Rule of law
*Rule According to Higher Law
*Sources of international law

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* NUREMBERG PRINCIPLES 
* István Deák, Retribution against Heads of State and Prime Ministers
Allen E. Ertel

**Allen Edward Ertel** (November 7, 1936 &ndash; November 19, 2015) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He was a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from January 3, 1977 through January 3, 1983. He lost re-election to Republican George Gekas in an upset election.

Ertel died from a heart attack in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, aged 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
Armand (singer)

**Herman George van Loenhout** (10 April 1946 &ndash; 19 November 2015), better known as **Armand**, was a Dutch protest singer. He was born in Eindhoven. His greatest hit song was "Ben ik te min" ("*Am I not worthy?*"). He mostly sang songs about legalizing marijuana in The Netherlands.

Armand died in Eindhoven of pneumonia at the age of 69.

## References
Kitanoumi Toshimitsu

**Kitanoumi Toshimitsu** (北の湖敏満 *Obata Toshimitsu*; May 16, 1953 &ndash; November 20, 2015) was a Japanese sumo wrestler. He was the dominant *yokozuna* in sumo during the 1970s. Kitanoumi was promoted to *yokozuna* at age 21, becoming the youngest ever to achieve sumo's top rank, and he remained a *yokozuna* for a record 63 tournaments.  

He won 24 tournament championships during his career. Following his retirement in 1985 he established Kitanoumi stable. He was chairman of the Japan Sumo Association from 2002 until 2008, and from 2012 until his death. 

Kitanoumi died of multiple organ failure caused by colorectal cancer on the evening of November 20, 2015, aged 62. He was in Fukuoka for the Kyushu tournament and was taken to hospital for anemia in the morning, after which his condition deteriorated.

## References
## Other websites
* Japan Sumo Association profile 
* Article on Kitanoumi
Balakh Sher Mazari

**Sardar Mir Balakh Sher Mazari** () (8 July 1928 – 4 November 2022) was a Pakistani politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 18 April 1993 through 26 May 1993. He replaced Nawaz Sharif.

## References
Ameen Faheem

**Makhdoom Muhammad Ameen Faheem** (; *alt. spelling*: Amin Fahim; 4 August 1939 &ndash; 21 November 2015), was an Pakistani populist left-wing figure and a poet and Spiritual leader, He was the senior vice-chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party. He was also the chairman of Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians and former chairman of Alliance for Restoration of Democracy. He served as the Commerce Minister of Pakistan serving from 3 November 2008 through 16 March 2013.

## Early life and education 
born on August 4, 1939 in Hala Sindh, Pakistan, was the eldest son of Makhdoom Muhammad Zaman,

## Death 
Faheem died on 21 November 2015 from leukemia after being admitted to a hospital in Karachi, Pakistan under ICU at the age of 76.

## References
A Head Full of Dreams

***A Head Full of Dreams*** is the seventh hit studio album by rock-pop band Coldplay. Coldplay recorded *A Head Full of Dreams* from summer 2014 to autumn 2015. The single "Adventure of a Lifetime" is featured in the album. The album was released on December 4, 2015.

## Track listings 
### Original track list for *A Head Full of Dreams* 
# "A Head Full of Dreams"
# "Birds"
# "Hymn for the Weekend"
# "Everglow"
# "Adventure of a Lifetime"
# "Fun" 
# "Kaleidoscope"
# "Army of One"
#* "X Marks the Spot" (Hidden track)
# "Amazing Day"
# "Colour Spectrum" 
# "Up&Up"
### *Japanese Version bonus track* 
# "Miracles"
Great Wall

The **Great Walls** are the largest known structures in the universe. They are based on  data set mapping of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The mapping found an unusually high concentration of similarly distanced GRBs in certain areas.

Structures larger than  1,200,000,000 light years are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates.

## References
Cosmological principle

In modern physical cosmology, the **cosmological principle** is a prediction based on the idea that the universe is about the same in all places when viewed on a large scale.

Forces are expected to act uniformly throughout the universe. There should, therefore, be no observable irregularities in the large scale structure. The structure is the result of the evolution of the matter field after the Big Bang.

Astronomer William Keel explains:

The cosmological principle is usually stated formally as 'Viewed on a sufficiently large scale, the properties of the universe are the same for all observers.' This amounts to the strongly philosophical statement that the part of the universe which we can see is a fair sample, and that the same physical laws apply throughout.

The two testable  of the cosmological principle are homogeneity and isotropy. Homogeneity means that the same observational evidence is available to observers at different locations in the universe ("the part of the universe which we can see is a fair sample"). Isotropy means that the same observational evidence is available by looking in any direction in the universe ("the same physical laws apply throughout"). The principles are closely related, because a universe that appears isotropic from any two (for a spherical geometry, three) locations must also be homogeneous.

## References
Keith Michell

**Keith Michell** (1 December 1926 &ndash; 20 November 2015) was an Australian actor. He was best known for his television and movie roles as King Henry VIII of England. He was born in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Michell made appearances on the mystery series *Murder, She Wrote*, playing Dennis Stanton.  He was the artistic director of the Chichester Festival Theatre from 1974 to 1977.

Michell died on 20 November 2015 in London, England of a heart attack, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
Lube Volleyball Club

**Cucine Lube Civitanova** is a professional volleyball team based in Civitanova Marche, Italy. Since 1995, the club has been playing in Serie A of Italian Volleyball League. Club won Italian Championship three times, Italian Cup four-times, Italian SuperCup three-times, CEV Champions League in 2002, 2019, CEV Cup in 2002, 2005, 2006, CEV Challenge Cup 2011 and FIVB Men's Club World Volleyball Championship in 2019.

## Honours
* **Italian Volleyball League** (5)
**  **1. place:** 2005/2006, 2011/2012, 2013/2014, 2016/2017, 2018/2019
*  **Italian Volleyball Cup** (5)
**  **1. place:** 2000/2001, 2002/2003, 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2016/2017
*  **Italian SuperCup** (4)
**  **1. place:** 2005/2006, 2007/2008, 2011/2012, 2014/2015
* **CEV Champions League** (2)
**  **1. place:** 2001/2002, 2018-2019
* **FIVB Club World Championship** (1)
**  **1. place:** 2019
* **CEV Cup** (3)
**  **1. place:** 2000/2001, 2004/2005, 2005/2006
* **CEV Challenge Cup** (1)
**  **1. place:** 2010/2011

## Former names
## Team
### 2015/2016
## Notable players
## Other websites
* Official site
Fred Tatasciore

**Fred Tatasciore** (born June 15, 1967) is an American voice actor who has done many voice over works in films, shows and video games.

## Filmography
### Animation
### Anime
### Films
### Video games
### Theme park roles
* *Space Mountain* – Safety Narrator
* *Expedition Everest* – Yeti
* *Star Tours: The Adventures Continue* – Gungan Pilot

## References
## Other websites
*
John Langdon

**John Langdon** (June 26, 1741September 18, 1819) was an American politician. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention signed the United States Constitution.

He was a politician born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He was one of the first two United States senators from that state. Langdon was an early supporter of the Revolutionary War and served in the Continental Congress.

After being in Congress for 12 years, including serving as the first president pro tempore of the Senate. Langdon became governor of New Hampshire. He turned down a nomination for vice presidential candidate in 1812.

Langdon died in Portsmouth, New Hampshire from pneumonia at the age of 78.

## Other websites
* Governor John Langdon House, Historic New England 
* 
* "The Founding Fathers: New Hampshire." U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.http://www.lib.virginia.edu/speccol/exhibits/mellon/acquiring.html 
* 
* State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire. State Builers Publishing Manchester, NH 1903
* Mayo, Lawrence Shaw. *John Langdon of New Hampshire*. Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1937.
Codification (law)

In law, **codification** is the  of ing and  the law of a jurisdiction. They are listed, usually by , forming a legal code (a codex  or book of law). Codification is the defining feature of civil law jurisdictions.

## History
Ancient Sumer's Code of Ur-Nammu was d  2100-2050 BC. It is the earliest known surviving civil code. Three centuries later, the Babylonian king Hammurabi enacted the set of laws named after him.

Religious laws such as the Torah were codified. Important codifications were developed in the ancient Roman Empire, with the compilations of the Lex Duodecim Tabularum. Much later the Corpus Iuris Civilis was assembled. These codified laws were the s rather than the rule. During much of ancient history the Roman laws were left mostly uncodified.

The first *permanent* system of codified laws could be found in China. This was with the compilation of the *Tang Code* in AD 624. This formed the basis of the Chinese criminal code. This was then replaced by the *Great Qing Legal Code*. This code was in turn abolished in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China. The new laws of the Republic of China were inspired by the German codified work, the *Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch*. A very influential example in Europe was the French Napoleonic code of 1804.

Another early system of laws is Hindu law framed by Manu and called as Manu Smriti. They date back to the 2nd century BC. The use of civil codes in Islamic Sharia law began with the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century AD.

## References
Innervisions

***Innervisions*** is the sixteenth studio album by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released August 3, 1973 by Tamla. Wonder would release his next album ''Fulfillingness' First Finale* the following year. All of the songs on *Innverisions* were written by Wonder.

## Reviews
*Innervisions'' received positive reviews from music critics.

## Track listing
All songs written, produced, and arranged by Stevie Wonder.

;Side one
#"Too High" – 4:36
#*Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes, harmonica, drums, Moog bass
#*Lani Groves – background vocal
#*Tasha Thomas – background vocal
#*Jim Gilstrap – background vocal
#"Visions" – 5:23
#*Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes
#*Malcolm Cecil – upright bass
#*Dean Parks – acoustic guitar
#*David T. Walker – electric guitar
#"Living for the City" – 7:22
#*Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocals, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, handclaps
#"Golden Lady" – 4:40
#*Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
#*Clarence Bell – Hammond organ
#*Ralph Hammer – acoustic guitar
#*Larry "Nastyee" Latimer – congas

;Side two
#"Higher Ground" – 3:42
#*Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
#"Jesus Children of America" – 4:10
#*Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender rhodes, Hohner clavinet, handclaps, drums, Moog bass
#"All in Love Is Fair" – 3:41
#*Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, Fender Rhodes, drums
#*Scott Edwards – electric bass
#"Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing" – 4:44
#*Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass
#*Yusuf Roahman – shaker
#*Sheila Wilkerson – bongos, Latin gourd
#"He's Misstra Know-It-All" – 5:35
#*Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, handclaps, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, congas
#*Willie Weeks – electric bass

## References
French national volleyball team

The '''France national men's volleyball team** is the national volleyball team of France. It represents France in international competitions and friendly matches. It has been the reigning European Champion since 2015. It is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB World Ranking after playing in the 2016 Rio Olympics.

## Results
### Olympic Games
 **Champions**&nbsp;&nbsp; Runners up&nbsp;&nbsp; Third place&nbsp;&nbsp; Fourth place

|}

### World Championship
### European Championship
 **Champions**&nbsp;&nbsp; Runners up&nbsp;&nbsp; Third place&nbsp;&nbsp; Fourth place

|}

### World League
, Brazil v France]]
 **Champions**&nbsp;&nbsp; Runners up&nbsp;&nbsp; Third place&nbsp;&nbsp; Fourth place

|}

### Nations League
 **Champions'''&nbsp;&nbsp; Runners up&nbsp;&nbsp; Third place&nbsp;&nbsp; Fourth place

### World Grand Champions Cup
## Team
### Current squad
The following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.

Head coach: Laurent Tillie

### Coach history
* 1938–1946 :  Plaswick
* 1946–1947 :  René Verdier
.]]
* 1947–1965 :  Marcel Mathor
* 1965-1965 :  Nagasaki
* 1965–1968 :  Nicolae Sotir
* 1968–1970 :  Georges Derose
* 1970–1979 :  Roger Schmitt
* 1979–1983 :  Jean-Marc Buchel
* 1983-1983 :  Georges Komatov
* 1983–1984 :  Éric Daniel
* 1984–1985 :  Jean-Marc Buchel
* 1985–1988 :  Éric Daniel
* 1988–1992 :  Gérard Castan 
* 1993–1994 :  Jean-Marie Fabiani
* 1994–1995 :  Jean-Michel Roche
* 1995-1995 :  Gérard Castan
* 1995–1999 :  Vladimir Kondra
* 1999–2000 :  Pierre Laborie
* 2001–2012 :  Philippe Blain
* 2012– :  Laurent Tillie

### Record Attendance
* Last updated table : December 2012.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*FIVB profile
Walter Tull

**Walter Daniel John Tull** (28 April 1888 – 25 March 1918) was an English professional  footballer. He  as an inside forward for Tottenham Hotspur and Northampton Town. He was the second person of mixed race to play in the top division of the Football League. He was the first mixed-race British outfielder in the top division of English football. His professional football career began after he was spotted while playing for his local amateur club, Clapton F.C..  He began playing for Clapton in 1908. Within a few months he had won winners' medals in the FA Amateur Cup, London County Amateur Cup and London Senior Cup. In March 1909 the *Football Star* called him "the catch of the season".

Tull was brought up in a National Children's Home orphanage in Bethnal Green, London, along with his brother. They were placed there following the death of their parents. He fought in the Battle of the Somme in 1916. Tull was ed as a Second Lieutenant on 30 May 1917. This was in spite of the fact there was a ban on black people being given that status.

Tull fought in Italy in 1917–18. He was noted for his "gallantry and coolness" while leading his company of 26&nbsp;men on a raiding party into enemy territory. He returned to France in 1918. Tull was killed in action on 25 March during the Spring Offensive. His body was never ed.

Campaigners have called for a statue to be erected in his honour. Northampton South MP Brian Binley has campaigned for Tull to be  awarded the Military Cross. He was honoured with a commemorative plaque in London placed close to where he lived. A Walter Tull commemorative coin is part of a set of £5 coins released by the Royal Mint.

## References
Westfield, Indiana

**Westfield** is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,410.

## References
John Bel Edwards

**John Bel Edwards** (born September 16, 1966) is an American attorney and Democratic Party politician. He was the Governor of Louisiana from 2016 to 2024. He was elected on November 21, 2015. He was a member of and the Minority Leader of the Louisiana House of Representatives, having represented the 72nd District from 2008 through 2016.

Edwards was born in Amite City, Louisiana. Many of his family members have been police officers, and in the 19th century they owned a lot of slaves. Edwards was an officer in the United States Army then a lawyer before he decided to run for governor.

## References
## Other websites
* Edwards for Governor campaign site 
* Louisiana House of Representatives - John Bel Edwards  *official government website*
* Election results
Joseph Silverstein

**Joseph Silverstein** (March 21, 1932 &ndash; November 22, 2015) was an American violinist and conductor. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

In 1962, Silverstein became concertmaster of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, a job he held for 22 years. He was appointed assistant conductor in 1971. He was music director of the Utah Symphony from 1983 to 1998. He has served as a professor of violin at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia.

Silverstein died on November 21, 2015 in Boston, Massachusetts from a heart attack at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*Utah Symphony Orchestra history 
*Portland Symphony Orchestra page on Silverstein
Linda Haglund

**Linda Haglund**   (15 June 1956 &ndash; 21 November 2015) was a Swedish Olympic sprinter. Her running career would take her to the 1972, 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics. Haglund had her best Olympic Games showing with a fourth place in the Moscow Games' 100 metres final.  

Haglund died from complications of lung cancer on 21 November 2015, aged 59.

## References
25 (Adele album)

***25*** is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Adele. It was released on November 20, 2015.  There are eleven tracks on the album.  The lead single from the album, "Hello", was released on October 23, 2015. It reached number one in the UK, US, Canada, and Australia. It was number one across Europe including Germany, France, Russia and Italy.  She has worked with producers who have worked with Pink, Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears, and Taylor Swift.  She also worked with Bruno Mars on the song "All I Ask".  Five other songs charted from the album on the *Billboard* Hot 100, even though they were not released as singles at the time.  They were "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", "When We Were Young", "Remedy", "All I Ask", and "Water Under the Bridge".

*25* has officially broken the record for the most albums sold in a week in the US by selling 3.38 million copies.  It has gone on to sell over 4 million copies in the US alone after only two weeks of release.  The album has been certified Diamond in the United States for sales and streams of more than 10 million copies in that country alone.  The album was not made available on streaming sites such as Spotify and Apple Music.  On November 20, 2016, a year after *25* was released, *Billboard* reported that the album sold over 9.1 million copies in the US alone, not including any streams of the album.

Adele has stated that *25* was a "make-up record," compared to her previous album, *21*, being a "breakup record."  The song "Sweetest Devotion" was written about her son Angelo, who was born in October 2012.

On December 14, 2015, *Billboard* said that "When We Were Young" has been chosen as the second single from *25*. When this was announced, the song had charted as high as number 22 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and reached number 14. It has been certified Platinum in the United States.

The third single, "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", was released on May 16, 2016.  The music video premiered at the 2016 *Billboard* Music Awards on May 22, where *25* won the award for Top *Billboard* 200 Album.  "Send My Love" reached number eight on the *Billboard* Hot 100 in the US and the top five in the UK.  It was certified Platinum in the United States.

The fourth single, "Water Under the Bridge", was released on November 4, 2016.  So far, it reached number 51 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

*25* won two awards at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017 for Best Pop Vocal Album and Album of the Year.

## Awards 
**2017 — 59th Annual Grammy Awards**
* Album of the Year — **Won**
* Best Pop Vocal Album — **Won**

## Track listing 
## Credits and personnel 
*Vocals - Adele

## References
Chester W. Nimitz

**Chester William Nimitz, Sr.** (; February 24, 1885February 20, 1966) was an American fleet admiral of the United States Navy. He played a major role in the naval history of World War II as Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet (CinCPac), for U.S. naval forces and Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CinCPOA), for U.S. and Allied air, land, and sea forces during World War II.

Nimitz was born in Fredericksburg, Texas. He studied at the United States Naval Academy. Nimitz died in Yerba Buena Island, San Francisco, California from pneumonia caused by a stroke, aged 80.

## Related pages
* USS Nimitz (CVN-68)
* Guadalcanal Campaign
* Battle of Midway
* Battle of Okinawa

## References
## Other websites
* National Museum of the Pacific War
* USS *Nimitz* Association
* *Nimitz*-class Navy Ships  at Federation of American Scientists
* Nimitz State Historic Site  in Fredericksburg, Texas
* "The Navy‘s Part in the World War," (26 Nov 1945) . A speech by Nimitz from the Commonwealth Club of California Records at the Hoover Institution Archives.
Tower Commission

The **Tower Commission** was created on 26 November 1986 by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in response to the Iran Contra scandal. Reagan appointed Republican and former Senator John Tower of Texas, former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, and former National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft.

The Commission's report, published on 26 February 1987, concluded that CIA Director William Casey, who supported the Iran-Contra arrangement, should have taken over the operation and made the President aware of the risks and notified Congress as legally required. 

The Commission's work was continued by the Congressional Committees Investigating The Iran-Contra Affair, which were formed in January 1987 and published a report in November 1987; and by Independent Counsel Lawrence Walsh, appointed 1 December 1986 and publishing a final report in 1993.

## References
Oskar Fischer

**Oskar Fischer** (19 March 1923 &ndash; 2 April 2020) was an East German politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of the German Democratic Republic from 1975 to 1990. Fischer was the first member of the East German cabinet to visit Pope John Paul II at the Vatican in 1978. He was born in Aš, Czechoslovakia.

Fischer died on 2 April 2020 in Berlin, aged 97.

## References
## Other websites
Moheener Ghoraguli

**Moheener Ghoraguli** were a Bengali independent music group that became famous in the 1990s. They performed for more than 10 years. They are famous for their lyrical theme. Most of their albums are concept albums, which means every song is linked through a theme. Their first album was the *Shongbigno Pakhikul O Kolkata Bishayak*, which was released in 1977. Their latest album is *Khyapar Gaan*, which was released in 1999. The band were named actually taken from a poem "Ghora" ('Horses') from the poetry book *Shatti Tarar Timir* by the great modernist Bengali poet Jibanananda Das. In 2008, they played at a concert called Abar Bochhor Tirish Pore. The original line up was Gautam Chattopadhyay, Biswanath Chattopadhyay, Pradip Chattopadhyay, Ranjon Ghoshal, Abraham Mazumdar, Tapas Das and Tapesh Bandopadhyay. They have made some very popular albums including *Shongbigno Pakhikul O Kolkata Bishayak* and *Aabaar Bochhor Kuri Pore*.

## Discography 
# *Shongbigno Pakhikul O Kolkata Bishayak* (1977)
# *Ajaana UDonto bostu ba Aw-Oo-Baw* (1978)
# *Drishyomaan Moheener Ghoraguli* (1979)

## Other websites 
* Moheener Ghoraguli's official site
Dhawalagiri Zone

**Dhawalagiri** () was one of the fourteen administrative zones of Nepal. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 556,191.

## Related pages
* Zones of Nepal
* Districts of Nepal
* Development Regions of Nepal

## References 
## Other websites 
* Introduction of Western  regions of Nepal.
* About Dhawalagiri Zone and also it's locations.
Culex

***Culex*** (also called the common house mosquito) is a genus of mosquitoes. It includes several species of mosquitoes that vector (carry and transmit) one or more important diseases between birds, humans and other animals. The diseases they vector include West Nile virus, as well as arbovirus and filariasis infections. A connection between Culex mosquitoes and malaria was first shown by Major Ronald Ross of the British Army. Ross received a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work.

## References
Trust (law)

In law a **trust** is a  where property is held by one  for the  of another party. A trust is created by the owner, also called a "settlor", "trustor" or "grantor"  who s property to a trustee. The trustee holds that property for the trust's beneficiaries. They have existed since Roman times.

## Basics of trusts 
When an owner of property places that property into trust, he or she turns over part or all of his or her rights to the trustee. This separates the property's legal ownership and  from its settlor's ownership and s. This controls the property and its benefits if the settlor is , incapacitated, or dead. Trusts are frequently created in wills, defining how money and property will be handled for children or other beneficiaries.

The trustee is given legal  to the trust property, but has an  to act for the good of the beneficiaries. The benefits of the trust belong to the beneficiary. The trustee may be d and have expenses d. But the trustee must otherwise turn over all profits from the trust properties. Trustees who don't do this are self-dealing. Courts can reverse self dealing actions, order profits returned, and impose other sanctions.

The trustee may be either a individual, a company, or a public body. There may be a single trustee or multiple co-trustees. The trust is governed by the terms under which it was created. In most jurisdictions, this requires a contractual trust agreement or deed.

Advantages of a trust may include:
* Avoiding probate or court intervention with regard to a person's assets;
* Planning for future events that may affect property;
* Control of what happens to assets after death;
* Possible reduction of future tax liability;
* Keeping financial affairs confidential when they might otherwise have to be disclosed in probate court; and
* Planning for your own disability or incapacity, or providing support for a disabled family member.

## Testamentary trusts 
Testamentary trusts transfer property into the trust after the death of the settlor. You also cannot use living trusts to name  for your children, but may designate a guardian in your will.

Living trusts may be used to manage property both during the settlor's lifetime and after death. If the settlor becomes incapacitated, disabled by an accident or illness, or is unavailable to manage the property the trustee may manage the property on behalf of the settlor in a manner consistent with the terms of the trust.

## References
Toulouse Business School

**Toulouse Business School** is a European higher studies establishment. The school is in 5 places, in Paris and Toulouse, France, in the United Kingdom (London), in Spain (Barcelona) and in Morocco (Casablanca), where it is a university.  It is one of the oldest business schools in the world, established in 1903.  It presents itself as *"Think and Create"*.

TBS is well-known for its aviation management degrees in partnership with the French Civil Aviation University.

## Notable alumni
*Méziane Idjerouidène, President of Aigle Azur;
*Omar Kabbaj, advisor to King Mohammed VI of Morocco
*Renan Luce, singer and songwriter
*Laurent Morali (born 1975), French-born, US-based real estate developer
*Nicolas Todt, motorsport CEO.

## References
## Other websites 
* Toulouse Business School
Bob Foster

**Robert Lloyd "Bob" Foster** (April 27, 1942 &ndash; November 21, 2015) was an American light heavyweight and heavyweight professional boxer. 

## Early life
Foster was born in Borger, Texas. He was raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

## Career
He was known as "The Deputy Sheriff", Foster was one of the greatest light heavyweight champions in boxing history. He won the undisputed light heavyweight championship from Dick Tiger in 1968 via fourth round knockout, and went on to defend his crown fourteen times in total from 1968 to 1974. Foster challenged heavyweight kings Joe Frazier and Muhammad Ali during his career, but was knocked out by both fighters. He retired from professional boxing in 1978, at the age of 36.

## Death
Foster died on November 21, 2015 at a hospital in Albuquerque, New Mexico at the age of 73

## References
## Other websites
*New Mexico Boxing, the Bob Foster story
Selwa Roosevelt

**Selwa Carmen Showker “Lucky” Roosevelt** (born January 13, 1929) is a retired-American civil servant. She served as Chief of Protocol of the United States for almost seven years from 1982 through 1989 during the Ronald Reagan presidency. She was married to, Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt, Jr., the grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt.

## References
James W. Symington

**James Wadsworth Symington** (; born September 28, 1927) is an American attorney and politician. He served as four-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1977, representing Missouri for the Democratic Party. His father was United States senator Stuart Symington. He was born in Rochester, New York.

## References
## Other websites
* James W. Symington Papers (1964–1976) at the Western Historical Manuscript Collection, University of Missouri-St. Louis 
*
Cavit Şadi Pehlivanoğlu

**Cavit Şadi Pehlivanoğlu** (1927 – 21 November 2015) was a Turkish statesman. He served as a legislator of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for three terms between 1961 through 1996. He was the first as a member of Justice Party (Turkey) and then as the Vice President of Motherland Party (Turkey), that he founded together with President Turgut Özal and others.

Pehlivanoğlu died on November 21, 2015 in Ordu, Turkey from complications of pneumonia, aged 88.

## References
Hohmann transfer orbit

In orbital mechanics, a **Hohmann transfer orbit** moves a spacecraft between orbiting heights. It is the most fuel-efficient method to do so, because the spacecraft is not trying to escape the planet's gravity, using an elliptical orbit for the transfer.  

A ship using this would have to apply two velocities, one to enter the elliptical orbit, and one to enter the second orbit.     

## Calculation 
Assuming the mass of the spacecraft is much lower than that of the orbiting planet, the two velocities, \Delta v_1 and \Delta v_2, can be solved for as:\Delta v_1 
= \sqrt{\frac{M G}{r_1}}
  \left( \sqrt{\frac{2 r_2}{r_1+r_2}} - 1 \right),\Delta v_2 
= \sqrt{\frac{M G}{r_2}}
  \left( 1 - \sqrt{\frac{2 r_1}{r_1+r_2}}\,\,\right), where    
* M is the mass of the planet,    

* G is the universal gravitational constant, and    

* r_1 and r_2 are the initial and final distances from the center of the planet.   

## Applications 
* Satellites can be moved into their proper height using a Hohmann transfer orbit.  
* A lunar transfer orbit (LTO) is used to reach the moon.  
* The Interplanetary Transport Network uses more than one body and requires lower velocity changes, and thus less fuel.
Norman Tebbit

**Norman Beresford Tebbit, Baron Tebbit**, CH, PC (29 March 1931 – 7 July 2025) was a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served in the Cabinet from 1981 to 1987 as Secretary of State for Employment (1981–83), Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (1983–85), Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1985–87) and Chairman of the Conservative Party (1985–87). 

He was a member of parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1992, representing the constituencies of Epping (1970–74) and Chingford (1974–92).

Tebbit died at his home in Bury St Edmunds, England on 7 July 2025, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
*An electoral curse yet to be lifted
*What is the Conservative Party for? 
*Tebbit: They are out to get me 
*Tebbit will stay, says Tory leader 
*TUC poster blaming Thatcher and Tebbit for rising unemployment
*TUC poster against Tebbit's 1982 Employment Act
*Tebbit on the front cover of the Private Eye 
*Norman Tebbit | What England Means to Me
Herbert Scarf

**Herbert Eli Scarf** (July 25, 1930&nbsp;– November 15, 2015) was an American economist and professor emeritus of Economics at Yale University (2010-2015). 

He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. He served as the president of the Econometric Society in 1983. He received both the Frederick Lanchester Award in 1973 and the John von Neumann Medal in 1983 from the Operations Research Society of America and was elected as a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association in 1991.

Scarf was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at Princeton University and at Temple University. Scarf died at his home in Sag Harbor, New York from heart failure, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Personal web site
* The works of Herbert Scarf
Mauricio Macri

**Mauricio Macri** (; born 8 February 1959) is an Argentine civil engineer, businessman and politician who was the 56th President of Argentina from 2015 to 2019. He was the Mayor of Buenos Aires serving from 10 December 2007 through 10 December 2015.

## Presidency
On 22 November 2015, after a tie in the first round of presidential elections on 25 October, Macri won the first ballotage in Argentina's history, beating Front for Victory candidate Daniel Scioli and becoming president-elect. He was inaugurated on 10 December 2015.

Running for president when the Argentine economy was not performing well, Macri campaigned on a platform of change, and promised to pass free market reforms of the economy. Macri made major economic changes as soon as he entered office, hoping to help create jobs. He also is changing the country's foreign policy. While the president that came before him, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, had criticized the United States' policies, Macri has improved relations. In 2016, Barack Obama visited Argentina. The two talked about improving relations, issues in the hemisphere, and an apology from the United States for its support of the dictatorship in Argentina (as well as in several other Latin American countries) in the 1970s and 80s.

Macri has been critical of the government of Nicolas Maduro, and feels that the Venezuelan President is undemocratic and oppressive.

Macri lost his re-election bid in the 2019 election to Alberto Fernández and left office on 10 December 2019.

## References
## Bibliography
* 
* 

## Other websites
* Office of the President 
* Mauricio Macri's Official Website 
* Official Facebook
* CityMayors profile
*Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
Allan MacEachen

**Allan Joseph MacEachen**, OC (July 6, 1921 &ndash; September 12, 2017) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Inverness, Nova Scotia. He was the first Deputy Prime Minister of Canada, serving from 1977 to 1979 and 1980 to 1984 during Pierre Trudeau tenure as prime minister. In 2008, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

MacEachen died on September 12, 2017 at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
* Allan MacEachen