open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Garuda Indonesia Flight 152

**Garuda Indonesia Flight 152** was a scheduled domestic Indonesian passenger flight from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta to Polonia International Airport in Medan, North Sumatra. It was flown using an Airbus A300B4 registered PK-GAI and operated Garuda Indonesia.

On September 26, 1997, Flight 152, piloted by Hance Rahmowiyogo, crashed into mountainous woodlands  from Medan during low visibility caused by the 1997 Southeast Asian haze. All 234 passengers and crew were killed in the disaster. Rahmowiyogo, age 42, had over 20 years of flying experience at Garuda Indonesia and over 12,000 flying hours. The crash site was in a ravine near the village of Buah Nabar in the Sibolangit district south of Medan.

Flight 152 remains the deadliest single-plane crash in Indonesia, and the deadliest aviation accident in 1997.

## References
Development regions of the Dominican Republic

The **development regions of the Dominican Republic** are groups of provinces made only for planning purposes and without any administrative function. They were created on 30 June 2004.

There are 10 development regions in three groups:

**Cibao**
* Region I: Cibao Norte ("Northern Cibao")
* Region II: Cibao Sur ("Southern Cibao")
* Region III: Cibao Nordeste ("Northeastern Cibao")
* Region IV: Cibao Noroeste ("Nothwestern Cibao")

**Suroeste** 
* Region V: Valdesia
* Region VI: Enriquillo
* Region VII: El Valle ("The Valley")

**Sureste**
* Region VIII: Yuma
* Region IX: Higuamo
* Region X: Ozama

The population data in the following tables are from the last national census ().

## Cibao
The Cibao is one of the tradicional division of the country; it corresponds with the northern half of the country.

### Region I: Cibao Norte
### Region II: Cibao Sur
### Region III: Cibao Nordeste
### Region IV: Cibao Noroeste
## Suroeste
### Region V: Valdesia
### Region VI: Enriquillo
### Region VII: El Valle
## Sureste
### Region VIII: Yuma
### Region IX: Higuamo
### Region X: Ozama
## Map

## Related pages
* Provinces of the Dominican Republic

## References
Julian Brazier

**Sir Julian William Hendy Brazier**  (born 24 July 1953) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Canterbury from 1987 to 2017.

## References
St Botolph Building

The **St Botolph Building** is an office building in Houndsditch, London. The commercial office opened in January 2011.

It is one of a number of landmark buildings recently developed to the east of the Gherkin in the City of London. It is in the centre of the UK insurance industry.

## References
Julie Trustrup Jensen

**Julie Trustrup Jensen** (born 6 April 1994) is a Danish football midfielder who plays for Brøndby IF of Denmark's Elitedivisionen. Since 2013, she has been a member of the senior Danish national team.

## Club career
Trustrup Jensen played for B73 Slagelse until 2009, when she joined Brøndby IF. Good form in season 2010–11 led to Trustrup Jensen being named Denmark's Young Player of the Year. She scored a goal in the 3–2 Danish Women's Cup final win over rivals Fortuna Hjørring. She quit football in 2014 to travel round the world, but soon came back to her career with Brøndby. In June 2015 she scored an injury time winning goal in the Cup final against Fortuna, as Brøndby won 2–1.

## International career
Trustrup Jensen's first match for Denmark came in September 2013. She was a substitute for Brøndby team-mate Nanna Christiansen after 53 minutes of a 4–0 friendly win over Hungary in Budapest.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile  at Danish Football Association
Acanthuridae

hepatus*, a poison fish.]]

**Acanthuridae** is the family of surgeonfish, tangs, and unicornfish. 

The family includes about 86 living species. It is made up of marine fish living in tropical seas, usually around coral reefs. Many of the species are brightly colored and popular for aquaria.

One of the characteristics of this family is that they have spines on the tail (also known as "thorn tail").

## Morphology 
Surgeonfish have dangerously sharp spines and can slash a person, causing serious injury. Most species of the family are of small size, between 15-40 cm  (6-15 in), but the genera *Prionorus* or *Naso* can be larger. The whitemargin unicornfish is the largest species in the family.

## Classification 
* Subfamily Nasinae Fowler & Bean, 1929
** Genus *Naso* Lacépède, 1801
* Subfamily Acanthurinae Bonaparte, 1835
** Tribe Acanthurini Bonaparte, 1839
*** Genus *Acanthurus* Forsskål 1775
*** Genus *Ctenochaetus* Gill, 1884
** Tribe Prionurini J. L. B. Smith, 1966
*** Genus *Prionurus* Lacépède, 1804
** Tribe Zebrasomini Winterbottom, 1993
*** Genus *Paracanthurus* Bleeker, 1863
*** Genus *Zebrasoma* Swainson, 1839

## Extinct genera 
Acanthuridae includes several extinct genera:

### Eocene genera 
* *Proacanthurus*
* *Tylerichthys*
* *Gazolaichthys*
* *Naseus*
* *Tauichthys*
* *Eorandallius*
* *Metacanthurus*

### Oligocene genera 
* *Glarithurus*
* *Caprovesposus*
* *Arambourgthurus*
* *Eonaso*

### Miocene genera 
* *Marosichthys''

## In the aquarium 
Tangs are very sensitive to disease in the home aquarium. It is necessary to quarantine the fishes before introducing them to the aquarium.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Data related to  at Wikidata
Cauquenes Province

**Cauquenes Province** () is one of four provinces of the central Chilean region of Maule (VII). The provincial capital and largest city is Cauquenes.

## Geography
The Cauquenes province has an area of , the smallest province in the Maule region. The provincial capital, Cauquenes, is about  southwest of Santiago.

The province is bordered to the north by the Talca province, to the east by the Linares province, to the south by the Ñuble province (Bío Bío region) and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

## Population
 (last national census), there were 57,088 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km². The urban population was 38,660 persons ( of the total).

The largest city of the province is Cauquenes, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 30,771.

## Administration
As a province, Cauquenes is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 8 communes (*comunas*). The city of Cauquenes serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

|}
## Gallery

File:Iglesia San Alfonso (Cauquenes).JPG|San Alfonso church, Cauquenes
File:Reserva Nacional Los Ruiles, Chile (3437388282).jpg|Los Ruiles Nature Reserve
File:Estero mariscadero 2.JPG|Mariscadero, Pelluhue

## Related pages
* Provinces of Chile

## References
## Other websites
* Territorial division of Chile 
* Gobierno Regional del Maule  Official website 
* Province of Cauquenes website
Acanthuroidei

**Acanthuroidei** is a suborder of Perciformes, the largest order of fishes.

Members of this suborder have a vertically-shaped body covered with small scales. The name for the suborder comes from that of the surgeonfish (Acanthuridae) family. It is derived from the Greek words *akantha* and *oura*, which loosely translate as "thorn" and "tail".

## Families 
* Family Luvaridae Gill, 1885 (Louvars)
* Family Zanclidae Bleeker, 1876 (Moorish idols)
* †Family Massalongiidae Tyler & Bannikov, 2005
* †Family Acanthonemidae Bannikov, 1991
* Family Acanthuridae Bonaparte, 1835 (Surgeonfishes)
** Subfamily Nasinae Fowler & Bean, 1929
** Subfamily Acanthurinae Bonaparte, 1835
*** Tribe Prionurini J.L.B. Smith, 1966
*** Tribe Zebrasomini Winterbottom, 1993
*** Tribe Acanthurini Bonaparte, 1835

## Gallery 
*]]
*]]
'']]

## References
Bethany (given name)

**Bethany** [beth-uh-nee]is a female first name. It comes from the Biblical place Bethany, the town where Lazarus lived in the New Testament.The origin of the name Bethany can be traced back to the Hebrew term bethania, which translates to "house of figs."In Bethany, Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead and thus overcame the sorrow, lamentation, and affliction of Mary and Martha. In English-speaking countries, Bethany has been very popular. It was the 59th most popular name for England and Wales in 2010. In 1999, it had gone as high as number 11. In the United States, the name was the 87th most popular in the late 1980s. This name is ranked #646 on the "Popular Names in 2021". 

'''Beth'* and *'Betty'* are short versions of this name. *Beth'' can also be a short version of the female name Elizabeth.

## People 
* Bethany Mota , American vlogger
* Bethany Hall-Long , American politician
* Bethany Zummo , American Paralympic volleyball player
* Bethany Hamilton, American surfer
* Bethany Zummo, American Paralympic volleyball player

## Places 
* Bethany, Oklahoma, city in Oklahoma, United States

## References
Santiago, Cape Verde

**Santiago** (Portuguese for “Saint James”), or ***Santiagu*** in Cape Verdean Creole, is the largest island of the Cape Verde archipelago. It is the most important agricultural centre and home to half the nation’s population. Praia, the capital of the country is in this island.

The Santiago island is part of the Macaronesia, a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean with similar ecosystems.

## History
The island was discovered in around 1460 by António de Noli (or António da Noli), a 15th-century nobleman and navigator from Genoa that worked for Henry the Navigator of Portugal. De Noli founded in 1462 the old capital of the islands, Ribeira Grande, now known as Cidade Velha.

## Population
 (last national census), there were 273,919 people living in the island, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

* **Serra da Malagueta**, in the northern part of the island.
* **Serra do Pico de Antónia**, in the southern part of the island, from the southeast to the northwest. Here is the highest point of the island, Pico de Antónia,  high.

There are two natural parks in the island to protect the plants and animals in the two mountain ranges:
* *Parque Natural de Rui Vaz e Serra de Pico de Antónia*
* *Parque Natural de Serra da Malagueta*

### Climate
Praia, in the southeast coast, has a Tropical and Subtropical Desert climate (Köppen climate classification : **Bwh**).

The average temperature for the year in Praia is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Praia is  8.3". The month with the most precipitation on average is August with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March without any precipitation. There are an average of 49.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in September with 7.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in December with 2.0 days.

## Administration
The Santiago island is divided in 9 municipalities (*conselhos*) and 10 parishes (*freguesias*).

## Gallery

File:Praia Cabo Verde.jpg|View over Praia
File:Praia-Hôtel de ville (2).jpg|Praia town hall
File:Serra Malagueta CV.jpg|The Serra Malagueta mountain range
File:Sé Catedral, Cidade Velha, Cape Verde.jpg|Ruins of the cathedral, Cidade Velha
File:Tarrafal Beach CV.jpg|The Tarrafal beach

## References
Jackson, Nebraska

**Jackson** is a village in Dakota County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 207 at the 2020 census.

## History 
Before Jackson was formed, the town Old St. John's was started about 1.5 miles north of where Jackson is on June 2nd, 1856 by a Catholic colony of sixty Irish immigrants led by Father Trecy. The colony was one of the first towns started in Dakota County, and the first group of Catholic people to start a town together in Nebraska. When the rising Missouri River started to make it dangerous to live there around 1860, all of the residents of Old St. John's moved south to what is now called Jackson.

Jackson was originally called Franklin, and was started with that name around 1860. The people who lived in there later found out that there was already a place in Nebraska that was called Franklin. To make things less confusing, they renamed the town after Andrew Jackson so nobody would get confused. St. Patrick's Catholic Church, which is in Jackson, is where the Nebraska State Historical Society put historical marker 34. The historical St. Patrick's Catholic church was built on land that was given to the church by the McCormick family around the time Jackson was started.

## Location 
Jackson can be found at  (42.448789, -96.566207).

The United States Census Bureau says that the village takes up about , of land.

## References
Hayride

A **hayride,** which can also be called a hayrack ride, is an American activity where people go on a ride in an open truck, or wagon pulled by a tractor. Inside of the ride there is hay or straw for the people to sit on. Hayrides in the past were a way to celebrate the Autumn harvest. Hayrides today are usually started to give farms or companies a way to make more money during the fall. Sometimes hayrides are run by companies that help farms set up hayrides for people.

## Haunted Hayrides 
Hayrides on Halloween are called 'haunted hayrides'. During the fall, a hayride might let people stop near some pumpkins and pick one. These hayrides can put on a show with special effects and actors dressing up as ghosts, monsters, and other spooky creatures. Haunted hayrides attract people who like to get scared, and make money for farms during the Halloween season. Other kinds of accidents happen when hayrides crash into cars or trucks on the road. 

## References
GR 8 (galaxy)

**GR 8**, or **UGC 8091**, is a gas-rich dwarf galaxy. The NED database gives the distance between this galaxy and the Earth as about 7.9 million light years. Although near the Milky Way, it is not decided whether it is a member of the Local Group.

## Related pages 
* Galaxy
* Dwarf galaxy
* Virgo (constellation)

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Irregular Galaxy GR 8, the Footprint Galaxy
Sushil Chhetri

**Sushil Chhetri** () is a Nepalese actor who has worked in the Nepalese film industry for more than a decade. He debuted in Kollywood with the film ‘’Aaago’’  which received much hype and sensation. Unfortunately as the story based on the Maoist crisis it was banned before release. Recently after a sort of disappearance from Nepali Film Industry, he came back with his new movie ‘’Bich Bato(2015)’’, before entering Kollywood as an actor he started his career as background dancer.

## Education
Chhetri completed his primary education from Tika High School, Kathmandu. He further completed I Com from Tahachal Campus and studied B Com  till  second year from Patan Campus.

## Filmography and Awards
Chhetri has been honoured with many prestigious awards from national and international organizations. He was one of the nominees for the categories of leading Actor in Dabur Anmol Motion Picture Award (2004) for the nepali movie ‘’’Triveni’’’. He was also honoured with the title ‘’’Best Actor’’’ in Kolkata for his first movie ‘’’Aago’’’  in Kalakar Awards. He received the award from Bollywood actress Rani Mukherjee.

## Lists of films
## Television
Chhetri appeared in an Indian television series *The Ring* broadcasted on  Star Plus.

## Related pages
* List of Nepalese actors

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Sushil Chhetri Official Website 
*Sushil Chhetri : Interview
*Interview with Nepali Actor Sushil Chhetri 
*Sushil Chhetri  
*Pictures of Sushil Chhetri
*Movie of Sushil Chhetri
*Sushil Chhetri on Sahikuro.com 
*Films of Nepal-Sushil Chhetri
*Sushil Chhetri- Nepali artists
Anastasia of Sirmium

of Saint Anastasia]]
**Anastasia of Sirmium** or **Saint Anastasia** was a Christian saint and martyr from the 4th century. She died at Sirmium in the Roman province of Pannonia Secunda. Today that place is in the modern country of Serbia. Little is known about her life. Most stories about her began many years after her death. Some stories say she was a Roman. Others say she was born in Sirmium.  Roman Catholic tradition states that her mother was St. Fausta of Sirmium. She is venerated as a healer and an exorcist. Her relics lie in the Cathedral of St. Anastasia in Zadar, Croatia. She is one of seven women, along with the Blessed Virgin Mary, who were mentioned by name in the Mass.

Her feast day is December 22  in the Eastern Orthodox Church church. It is January 15 in the Roman Catholic Church.

## References
Protacanthopterygii

**Procanthopterygii** is a superorder of teleost fishes. These fish mostly live in temperate waters, and in the northern hemisphere. They may live in both fresh and salt water.

Best-known examples of this group are the salmon, trout,  and pikes. 

The main groups are:
* Argentiniformes
* Esociformes
* Osmeriformes
* Salmoniformes

## References
Roggliswil

**Roggliswil** is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Heaven Help Us All

"**Heaven Help Us All**" is a 1970 song by Stevie Wonder and taken from his 12th studio album *Signed, Sealed & Delivered*. It went to number 9 in the United States, number 14 in Canada and number 29 in the United Kingdom.

## References
Babiker Awadalla

**Babiker Awadalla** (2 March 1917 &ndash; 17 January 2019) was a Sudanese Arab nationalist politician. He was born in Gitena, White Nile State.

He held the position of Speaker of the Parliament from 1954 to 1957, and became Chief Judge in 1964. In 1966, he resigned from the court in protest of the government's refusal to reinstate the Sudanese Communist Party, which the court had held to be unconstitutionally banned from parliament. After 1972, he moved to Egypt, and later Dublin, Ireland, where he lived until his death.  He turned 100 in March 2017.

Awadalla was the oldest living former head of state or government, a title he has held from the death of Đỗ Mười on 1 October 2018. Awadalla died on 17 January 2019 in Dublin, aged 101.

## References
Tom Hayden

**Thomas Emmet "Tom" Hayden** (December 11, 1939 &ndash; October 23, 2016) was an American social and political activist, author and politician. He was director of the Peace and Justice Resource Center in Los Angeles County, California. He was a member of the Chicago Seven.

Hayden was best known for his major role as an anti-war, civil rights and radical intellectual counterculture activist.  Hayden was the former husband of actress Jane Fonda and the father of actor Troy Garity.

Hayden died in Santa Monica, California from heart disease and from complications of a stroke on October 23, 2016, aged 76.

## References
Chung Won-shik

**Chung Won-shik** (5 August 1928 &ndash; 12 April 2020) was a South Korean politician, educator, soldier, and author. He was the 23rd Prime Minister of South Korea from 1991 through 1992. From 1951 to 1955, he served as an officer in the South Korean Army. Following that, he worked as a professor of Seoul National University. He served as South Korea's Education Minister from 1988 through 1990.

President Roh Tae-woo named him Acting Prime Minister on 24 May 1991. On 8 July 1991, he was appointed Prime Minister of South Korea. He ran for mayor of Seoul in 1995, but lost.

Chung died on 12 April 2020 in Seoul of kidney disease at the age of 91.

## References
Robert Graves

**Robert Ranke Graves**  (commonly known as **Robert Graves**, and in Germany as **Robert von Ranke Graves**; 24 July 1895&nbsp;– 7 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist, critic and classicist. He wrote more than 140 works. He wrote poems about Greek myths and historical novels. Many of his novels were set in ancient Rome or were about stories from Greek myths. He also wrote about Greek myths and translated them into English.

## Life
Graves was born in Wimbledon, now part of London. He was the third of five children. His father was Alfred Perceval Graves (1846–1931). He came from an Irish family. His mother was Amalie von Ranke (1857–1951). She came from a German family. Robert went to many schools when he was young. In 1909 he won a scholarship to Charterhouse, a famous boarding school in Surrey.When the First World War began in August 1914, Graves joined the army right away. He wrote many poems about the war. He became a good friend of another war poet, Siegfried Sassoon. Graves was very badly wounded in the Battle of the Somme. He nearly died and was sent back to a hospital in England. He also had mental problems called by shell shock from the bad experience of battle. His mental problems lasted for several years. 
. It is now a museum.]]
In 1918 he married the artist Nancy Nicholson. He went to study at Oxford University in 1919. At Oxford his good friend was T. E. Lawrence. He later wrote a biography of Lawrence called *Lawrence and the Arabs*. He and Nancy Nicholson split up in the 1920s. He went to live with the poet Laura Riding in Spain  They lived in Deià, a small village on the island of Majorca. Graves and Riding lived in America during the Spanish Civil War. Their relationship broke down in 1938. Graves went back to England. He fell in love with Beryl Hodge (1915–2003). Graves wrote many beautiful love poems to Hodge. They moved to Spain in 1946 and lived in Deià with their children. They were married in 1950. Their house in Deià is now a museum.  From 1961 to 1966 Graves was Professor of Poetry at Oxford. 

Robert Graves died at his house in Deià on 7 December 1985. He was 90 years old. He was buried in a churchyard on a hill near his house. Graves had eight children—four with his first wife Nancy and four with his second wife Beryl.

## Novels by Robert Graves
Some of his most important novels were:
* *I, Claudius*, 1934.
**Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina*, 1934
* *Count Belisarius*, 1938
* *Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth*, 1940.
**Proceed, Sergeant Lamb*, 1941
* *The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton*, 1944
* *The Golden Fleece*, 1944
* *King Jesus, 1946
* *Seven Days in New Crete*, 1949
* *The Islands of Unwisdom*, 1949
* *Homer's Daughter'', 1955.

## References
## Other websites
* Robert Graves Trust and Society Information Portal
* Profile at the Poetry Foundation
* Gallery of Graves's portraits, National Portrait Gallery, London
* The Robert Graves Digital Archive  by the University of Oxford
* 1965 BBC television interview (29 mins)
Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award

The **Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award** is an award given "in recognition of distinguished members of the newspaper profession whose words have brought honour to journalism and to hockey". Recipients are selected by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association.

## List of recipients 
, the *Toronto Star*, reporter, was one of 17 inaugural winners in 1984]]
 was one of six inductees into the Hockey Hall of Fame when he was named an award recipient in 1985.]]

## Reference
## Other websites
* List of winners of the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award
Bob McKenzie

**Robert Malcomson "Bob" McKenzie** (born August 16, 1956) is a Canadian former hockey commentator. He covered professional ice hockey with TSN 1986 until 2025.

Growing up, McKenzie was a fan of the hometown Toronto Maple Leafs, and his favourite doughnut shop was Tim Hortons.

McKenzie provides analysis for *NHL on TSN* telecasts, as well as for international hockey events, notably the annual IIHF World U-20 Hockey Championship. He also covered the NHL Entry Draft. Prior to joining TSN, McKenzie was editor-in-chief of *The Hockey News* for nine years and a hockey columnist for *The Toronto Star* for six years.

McKenzie is heard weekly on the TSN 1040   in Vancouver on the "Canucks Lunch with Rick Ball", as well on TSN Radio 690 (CKGM) in Montreal, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday on the Morning Show at 8:05&nbsp;a.m. He is also a frequent contributor to the Ottawa Senators pre-game show on TSN 1200 radio in Ottawa.

On May 7, 2015, McKenzie surpassed 1,000,000 followers on Twitter. He goes by the Twitter handle @TSNBobMcKenzie and his account has been verified by Twitter.

In October 2014, McKenzie began appearing as a full-time contributor on NBCSN.

On July 1, 2025, McKenzie decided to retire from commentating after a 48-year career.

He currently resides in Whitby, Ontario.

## References
## Other websites
* TSN.ca biography of Bob McKenzie 
*
Wacław Potocki

**Wacław Potocki** (1621 – 1696) was a Polish Baroque poet.

## Biography 
Wacław Potocki was born in the village named Wola Łużańska near the town of Biecz in Southern Poland. He was a member of noblemen family. They were Polish Brethren, Christians of the Minor Reformed Church. He was married to Katarzyna Morsztyn. After all Polish Brethren, were given order either to become Roman Catholic or to go out of Poland forever,

## Works 
Wacław Potocki wrote a lot. He is the author of *Ogród fraszek* (*The Garden of Verses*) The battle was fought in 1621, when the poet was born. The poem was written fifty years after. It is in heroic couplets. Lines of the poem consist of thirteen syllables with feminine rhymes.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Full text of Wacław Potocki's Wojna chocimska in Polish.
Gil Vicente

**Gil Vicente** (1470-1540) was a Portuguese poet and playwright.

## Biography 
Gil Vicente was born in 1470 in the town of Guimarães. He came to Lisbon He wrote plays. He was an actor, too. He was married to Branca Bezerra and had four children. His daughter Paula was known a learned woman at the court.

## Works 
Gil Vicente wrote poetry and plays. He wrote both in Portuguese and in Spanish. He is called the father of Portuguese drama. His works were translated into English by Aubrey F. G. Bell. Among his poems there are vilancetes, pastoral poems. A famous example is *Adorae montanhas*. 
   
## Bibliography 
* Aubrey F. G. Bell, *Gil Vicente*, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1921. 
* *Four plays of Gil Vicente*. Edited from the editio princeps (1562), with Translation and Notes by Aubrey F. G. Bell, Cambridge 1920.
* *Lyrics of Gil Vicente* with Portuguese text. Translated by Aubrey F. G. Bell, B. H. Blackwell, Oxford 1914.

## References
Ardèche (river)

The **Ardèche** () is a  long river in south-central France, a right-bank tributary of the River Rhône. The river gives its name to the French department of Ardèche.

## Geography
The Ardèche river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 64.8 cubic metres per second at Saint-Martin-d'Ardèche in the Gard department.

### Course
The Ardèche river starts in the Massif Central, within the ''Parc naturel régional des Monts d'Ardèche* ("Regional nature park Mountains of Ardèche"), in the *commune* of Astet (Ardèche department), at an elevation of about .

It then flows roughly to the southwest and, after the towns of Aubenas and Ruoms, it gets into its famous gorge (or canyon) below Vallon-Pont-d’Arc.

The valley of the Ardèche is very scenic, in particular a  section known as the Ardèche Gorges (or the Canyon of Ardèche). The walls of the river here are limestone cliffs up to  high. A kayak and camping trip down the gorge is not technically difficult and is very popular in the summer. The most famous feature is a natural  stone arch across the river known as the *'Pont d'Arc'*.

Finally, the river flows into the Rhône river, on the right side, near the *commune'' Pont-Saint-Esprit, Gard department.

### Communes
The Ardèche passes through the following regions, departments and communes:

**Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes**
: **Ardèche** : 

: Astet
: Mayres
: Barnas
: Thueyts
: Pont-de-Labeaume
: Fabras
: Lalevade-d'Ardèche
: Vals-les-Bains
: Labégude
: Ucel
: Aubenas
: Saint-Privat
: Saint-Didier-sous-Aubenas
: Saint-Étienne-de-Fontbellon
: Vogüé
: Lanas
: Saint-Maurice-d'Ardèche
: Balazuc
: Chauzon
: Pradons
: Ruoms
: Labeaume
: Saint-Alban-Auriolles
: Sampzon
: Vallon-Pont-d'Arc
: Salavas
: Labastide-de-Virac
: Saint-Remèze
: Saint-Martin-d'Ardèche
: Saint-Just

**Occitanie**
: **Gard** :
: Aiguèze
: Saint-Julien-de-Peyrolas
: Saint-Paulet-de-Caisson
: Pont-Saint-Esprit

## Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Ardeche river are:

**Left tributaries**:
* Fontolière - 21&nbsp;km
* Volane - 21&nbsp;km
* Sandron - 18&nbsp;km
* Luol - 19&nbsp;km
* Auzon - 26&nbsp;km
* Ibie - 33&nbsp;km

**Right tributaries**:
* Lignon - 21&nbsp;km
* Ligne - 23&nbsp;km
* Beaume - 44&nbsp;km
* Chassezac - 85&nbsp;km

## Gallery

File:Ardèche River (France) 2.jpg|The Ardèche near Aubenas
File:Ruoms03.jpg|Bridge over the Ardèche in Ruoms
File:Rocher en ardèche.JPG|Cliffs along the Ardèche
File:Ardeche-la-cathedrale.JPG|The Durance: the *cathedral*

## Related pages
* List of rivers of France

## References
## Other websites
*Banque Hydro - Station V5064010 - The Ardèche at Saint-Martin-d’Ardèche (Sauze St. Martin) - (option Synthèse)
Stéphane Dion

**Stéphane Maurice Dion** (born 28 September 1955) is a Canadian diplomat and former politician. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet headed by Justin Trudeau from 2015 to 2017.

He was a Member of Parliament of Canada for the riding of Saint-Laurent—Cartierville in Montreal since 1996. He was the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons of Canada from 2006 to 2008.

Since 2017 he has been ambassador to the European Union and Germany.

## References
Federica Mogherini

**Federica Mogherini** (; born 16 June 1973) is an Italian politician. She was the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission in the Juncker Commission from 2014 to 2019.

## Other websites
*  Page in the Chamber Web Site
Paolo Gentiloni

**Paolo Gentiloni Silveri** (; born 22 November 1954 in Rome) is an Italian politician. He became the Prime Minister of Italy in December 2016 after the resignation of Matteo Renzi. He served until 1 June 2018.

He is a member of the Democratic Party. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 31 October 2014 through 12 December 2016. He was also Minister of Communications during the government of Romano Prodi.

## References
Elmer Ferguson

**Elmer Ferguson** (February 25, 1885 &ndash; April 26, 1972) was a Canadian sports journalist. Born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Ferguson moved to Montreal in 1910 and became the sports editor of the Montreal Herald in 1913. Ferguson was one of the most respected and promiant columnists of his time. He became a Hockey Hall of Fame media honouree in 1982 and was the namesake of the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award.

## Career
At the age of six, Ferguson started selling newspapers on the streets of Moncton, New Brunswick and became a copy boy with the Moncton Transcript when he was 17. He soon became a sports writer with the paper and became the news editor in 1910. With Ferguson as editor, the Moncton Transcript became the first Maritime newspaper to print a full sports page every day.

Soon after, Ferguson left for Montreal where he got a job as an editor at the Montreal Herald. He became sports editor of the paper in 1913 and soon became a well known sports journalist with his column "The Gist and the Jest of It".

In addition to his work in the print media, he was also a colour commentator on radio broadcasts for the Montreal Maroons (1933–1938) and the Montreal Canadiens (1938–1967), where he was partnered with Hall of Fame broadcasters Doug Smith and Danny Gallivan.

Ferguson was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame as a builder in 1968. In 1984, Ferguson was recognized as one of the first Hockey Hall of Fame media honourees. The award that is given out was named the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award in his honour.

## References
Rafto Prize

The **Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize** is a prize founded in the memory of the Norwegian human rights activist, Thorolf Rafto (1922-1986). The prize is now $20,000. It began in 1987 and is awarded each year. The prize ceremony takes place on the first Sunday of November in Bergen, Norway at the National Theatre of Bergen.

## Past winners
The first person to receive the prize was Jiří Hájek (1913–1993), a Czech politician and diplomat. He was one of the founders of Charter 77, an organization that worked for human rights in Czechoslovakia. Some other winners of the Rafto Prize are:
* Aung San Suu Kyi from Burma (1990)
* The people of East Timor, represented by José Ramos-Horta (1993)
* Kim Dae-jung from South Korea (2000)
* Shirin Ebadi from Iran (2001)

## References
Hagramayao Jinahari

***Hagramayao Jinahari***,  also known as *Rape in The Virgin Forest*, is a 1995 Indian crime movie directed by Jwngdao Bodosa. It received many awards. The movie is in the Bodo language. The Bodo language is spoken by the Bodo people of India. It is one of the official languages of the Indian state of Assam. The movie starred Tikendrajit Narzary as Budang and Onjali Basumatary as Budang's daughter Mithinga.

## Reference
Lenín Moreno

**Lenín Boltaire Moreno Garcés** (born 19 March 1953) is an Ecuadorian politician. Moreno was the 46th President of Ecuador from 2017 until 2021. He was the Vice President of Ecuador from 2007 to 2013, serving under President Rafael Correa. His election as Vice President was well known because as a paraplegic, Moreno was one of the world’s few disabled national leaders. 

On 2 April 2017, Moreno was elected President of Ecuador defeating banker Guillermo Lasso in the 2017 Ecuadorian presidential round-off with 51% of the vote to Lasso's 49%.

On 24 May 2017, Moreno became the world’s only current head of state in a wheelchair.

## Early life
Moreno was born in Nuevo Rocafuerte, Orellana Province. He studied at Central University of Ecuador. He married Rocio Gonzalez and together they have three children.

## Shooting
On January 3, 1998, two young men approached Moreno in a grocery store parking lot in Quito and told him they wanted his car and his money. He freely gave them his wallet and keys, but one of the men shot him in the back anyway. This incident left Moreno paralyzed. 

## Vice presidency (2007–2013)
During his first year in the office of Vice President of Ecuador, Moreno investigated the state of disabled people in Ecuador. He also founded the Manuela Espejo Solidarity Mission for the Disabled, which offers rehab, technical help, and psychological support to thousands of disabled Ecuadorians.

Moreno left the Vice Presidency on May 24, 2013 and was succeeded by Jorge Glas. He is the first Ecuadorian vice president to complete his term since 1992.

## Honors
For his work providing respect and dignity to handicapped people, he was nominated for the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. Moreno was appointed as Special Envoy on Disability and Accessibility by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in December 2013.

## President of Ecuador
### 2017 Presidential campaign
In October 1st, 2016, he was nominated to the elections to the Ecuadorian presidency by his party, Alianza País. In February 2017, Moreno and Guillermo Lasso made it to the run-off election which was held on April 2, 2017. Moreno won the election with 51% of the vote to Lasso's 49%. Moreno was then sworn-in as President of Ecuador on 24 May 2017 in Quito.

### Presidency 
Though Moreno is a member of the PAIS Alliance, the same party as Rafael Correa, Moreno has taken Ecuador in a different direction than Correa did. Moreno is a more moderate, centrist figure and has restored presidential term limits, improved Ecuador's ties with the United States, and he has distanced himself from Nicolas Maduro's government in Venezuela.

He did not run for re-election in the 2021 election and was replaced by conservative banker Guillermo Lasso who won the election.

## References
## Other websites
* VicePresidencia del Ecuador 
* Lenin Moreno NO gana el Premio Nobel a la Paz y tiene 98% de aprovación
Battle of Kororāreka

The **Battle of Kororāreka** was a battle in New Zealand between Maori warriors and the British Army. It took place on 11 March 1845 in the small town of Kororāreka. Today that town is called Russell. The town is on the North Island of New Zealand. The Māori were unhappy with the problems in the town. They cut down the flag pole flying the British flag. Each time the Maori cut down the flag pole, the British Army made a new one. This happened three times. When the British Army put the flag pole back a fourth time, the Māori attacked the town. Hōne Heke and Te Ruki Kawiti were the leaders of the Māori. William Hulme was the leader of the British soldiers. The Maori had many more fighters than the British. There were 600 Māori warriors and only 140 British soldiers. The Māori won the battle. The town was destroyed in the fighting. The British Army left the town. The British citizens living there also left. British and American ships waiting in the harbour took them to Auckland.

## References
Alayaron (movie)

***Alayaron*** (English: *The Dawn*) is one of the first Bodo feature movies. It was released in 13 March 1986 at Ganga Talkies, Kokrajhar. It was directed by Jwngdao Bodosa, based upon the short story Mwdwi arw Gwlwmdwi (Tears and Sweat) by Nilkamal Brahma. The movie stars Amar Narzary and Rohila Brahma. It was also the winner of the National Film Award in 1986.

## Directed by
*Jwngdao Bodosa
## Written by
*Nilkamal Brahma
*Heramba Narzary
## Based on
Mwdwi arw Gwlwmdwi
*Nilkamal Brahma
## Starring
*Amar Narzary
*Rohila Brahma
*Tikendrajit Narzary
## Genre
*Drama
## Release date
* 13 March 1986
## Country
*India
## Language
*Bodo

## Cast
*Amar Narzary as Gwmbwr
*Rohila Brahma as Hangna

## Related pages
*Bodo people
Circinus galaxy

The **Circinus galaxy** (ESO 97-G13) is a Seyfert galaxy, very bright and emitting huge amounts of electromagnetic radiation.

Circinus is in a constellation of the same name, Circinus (constellation). It is one of the closest and nearest galaxies to the Milky Way. It is probably slightly further away than Centaurus A.

The galaxy just 4 degrees below the galactic plane and 13 million light years from our galaxy. Its outer ring is 700 light years from the galaxy's centre, and the inner ring just 130 light years from the centre. You can see the galaxy with a small telescope.

The galaxy was not noticed until 1977 because it lies close to the plane of the Milky Way and is obscured by galactic dust.

## References 
## Other websites
* Active Galaxy Circinus-ESA/HUBBLE 
* The Circinus Galaxy-ESO
New7Wonders of the World

, Christ the Redeemer, Great Wall of China, Machu Picchu, Petra, Taj Mahal, and Colosseum.]]
**New7Wonders of the World** (2000–2007) was an idea to choose new Wonders of the World from a selection of 200 existing monuments. The popularity poll was led by Canadian-Swiss Bernard Weber and organized by the New7Wonders Foundation in Zürich, Switzerland.  Winners were announced on 7 July 2007 in Lisbon.

The seven wonders of the world can be seen on various Celebrity Cruises itineraries.

## Official reactions 
The program caused different reactions from countries and organisations. Some countries praised their finalist and tried to get more people to vote for it. Others criticized the contest or did not think it was very important. 

### United Nations 
In the beginning, UNESCO helped the New7Wonders Foundation by giving advice on nominee selection.  Then they decided they could not continue to help. Saying they have to give equal status to all world heritage sites, they dropped out of the program in 2001 and again in 2007.

In 2007 the Foundation became partners with the United Nations to help promote their shared goals. The UN posted on its website:

But in a press release on June 20, 2007, UNESCO said again that it has no link with the "private initiative".  Also, important corporate sponsors spent millions of Brazilian reals in an effort to have the statue voted into the top seven. These included a banking company (Banco Bradesco) and a television network (Rede Globo). and given honorary status among the winners.

## Voting 
The New7Wonders Foundation said that more than 100 million votes were cast through the Internet or by telephone. Voting by the Internet was limited to one vote for seven monuments per person. More voting was allowed by telephone. This led to criticism that the poll was not valid. At the time, New7Wonders Foundation had "the largest poll on record".

## Winners
The Great Pyramid of Giza was granted honorary status. It is the largest and oldest of the three pyramids at the Giza Necropolis in Egypt. It is also the only structure still remaining of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

## References 
## Other websites
I Zw 36

**I Zwicky 36** (often shortened to **I Zw 36**) is a blue compact dwarf galaxy, meaning that it is small for a galaxy, that its stars are close together and that it gives off blue light. The stars in I Zwicky 36 are young for stars, no older than three million years.

## Recent observations 
Astronomers studied I Zw 36 (≈Z⊙/14) using the Hubble Space Telescope. Before that, they took pictures using ultraviolet light using the pre-COST Faint Object Camera (FOC) and Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). FOC seemed to show that I Zw 36 had large, hot stars but NICMOS said it had cold stars that were small or medium sized. Some evidence shows the stars were active and then the galaxy became compact and blue. The evidence of luminous and asymptotic branches of stars suggests they formed several million years ago. The giant red branches of the galaxy may have at least 1-2 billion years.

## Related pages
* Dwarf galaxy

## References 

## Other websites
* SIMBAD Astronomical Dabatase Results for Mrk 209
Cadmium nitrate

**Cadmium nitrate** is an inorganic compound. The general formula of the compound is Cd(NO3)2.
## Uses
Cadmium nitrate is used for colouring glass and porcelain. It is also used as flash powder in photography.
## Preparation
Cadmium nitrate is prepared by dissolving cadmium or its oxide or its hydroxide, or its carbonate, in nitric acid followed by crystallization method:
: CdO + 2HNO3 → Cd(NO3)2 + H2O
: CdCO3 + 2 HNO3 → Cd(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
: Cd + 4 HNO3 → 2 NO2 + 2 H2O + Cd(NO3)2
## References
Palladium(II) nitrate

**Palladium(II) nitrate** is the inorganic compound with the formula Pd(NO3)2. It is a red-brown solid with a tendency to absorb water. It is a solid at 25 degrees Celsius at standard atmosphere (a pressure). 

## Preparation
Palladium nitrate can be made by dissolving palladium oxide hydrate in dilute nitric acid, followed by crystallization. The nitrate crystallizes as yellow-brown deliquescent prisms. The compound also may be got by treating palladium metal with nitric acid.

## Related pages
* Palladium 
* Nitrate

## References
Yuriko Koike

**Yuriko Koike** (born 15 July 1952) is a Japanese politician and the current governor of Tokyo. She is a member of the far-right organization Nippon Kaigi.

She was born and raised in Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture. She dropped out of University in Japan, who moved to the Middle East and studied Arabic. She graduated from Cairo University in Egypt, and she began to work an interpreter and translator of Arabic. She worked as a journalist in the 1980s and entered politics in the 1990s.

## References
Americium dioxide

**Americium dioxide** is a black compound made with Americium. As a solid, AmO2 has the same structure as fluorite (CaF2).

## Uses
Americium-Aluminium alloys are made when  americium dioxide is melted and mixed with aluminium and a fluxing agent.  These alloys can be used to make atoms of some elements. These elements have a higher atomic number than Uranium.
## References
Phoenix Dwarf

The **Phoenix Dwarf** is a galaxy discovered as a mistaken globular cluster. It's correctly 1.14 Mly away the Earth

## Characteristics-special features
It has got some young stars inside it in east-west direction and the oldest are in north south direction. It seems that it's one of the Milky Way's satellite galaxies.

## Related pages
* Phoenix (constellation)
* Dwarf galaxy

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy 
* Stellar populations in the Phoenix dwarf galaxy
* Phoenix Dwarf
CJ the DJ

CJ the DJ is an Australian animated series that ran on ABC3 in Australia from December 4, 2009 to 2010. It was created by Stu Connolly and Mark Gravas.

## Multimedia 
### DVD releases 
On 1 July 2010, the Australian Broadcasting Company released the first DVD of *CJ The DJ*, featuring the first eight episodes.

### Digital downloads 
CJ the DJ Series 1 Volumes 1 (Episodes 1 - 26) and 2 (Episodes 27 - 52) are available for download  at the NBC Online Store.

### NBC iView
CJ the DJ was released on NBC iView for public viewing, though each episode was only available for viewing over a limited amount of time.

### International broadcast
* Brazil: Gloob
* Israel: Arutz HaYeladim (סי ג'יי הדי ג'יי)
* Denmark: TV2
* Finland: MTV Juniori
* Portugal: RTP2

## References
Parabolic trough

A **parabolic trough** is similar to a solar panel tower, because it has parabolic mirrors that collect large amounts of heat which is reflected on  water-filled pipes .
The water is heated until it turns into steam, rotating a turbine using a large steam piston.

The rotating turbine produces electricity, which is then transferred by transformer, before being converted DC to AC and transferred by current lines.

## Related pages 
* Solar panel
I Zwicky 18

The **I Zwicky 18** is an irregular dwarf galaxy. It is 45 million years light from Earth in the constellation of the Ursa Major. It was identified by first time in the 1930s by the astronomer Fritz Zwicky.

## A young galaxy 
I Zwicky 18, only 500 million years of age, is a recently born galaxy compared with most. It is still making population III stars, almost entirely made of hydrogen and helium. The Milky Way is about 12,000 million years old.

## Related pages 
* List of galaxies

## Other websites 
* NASA/IPAC Extraglactic Database
* 

## References
Ufhusen

**Ufhusen** is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## References
Wauwil

**Wauwil** is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Seyfert galaxy

, a  Type II Seyfert galaxy]]
. The central black hole is surrounded by an accretion disc, which is surrounded by a torus. The broad line region and narrow line emission region are shown, as well as jets coming out of the nucleus]]

**Seyfert galaxies** are a type of galaxy. They are named after Carl Seyfert who first described them in 1943.

These galaxies are one of the two main types of active galaxies. The other large group are quasars. Seyfert galaxies have quasar-like nuclei: they are very distant luminous  sources of electromagnetic radiation. Their very high surface brightness has spectra with strong, high-ionisation emission lines. However, unlike quasars, their host galaxies are clearly visible.

Seyfert galaxies are about 10% of all galaxies, and are some of the most intensely studied objects in astronomy. They are thought to be powered by the same phenomena as quasars, although they are closer and less luminous than quasars. These galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centers which are surrounded by accretion discs of in-falling material. The accretion discs are believed to be the source of the observed ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet emission lines and absorption lines are the best way to analyse the surrounding material.

Seen in visible light, most Seyfert galaxies look like normal spiral galaxies. However, when studied under other wavelengths, it becomes clear that the luminosity of their cores is as big as the luminosity of whole galaxies the size of the Milky Way.

## Examples 
Here are some notable examples of Seyfert galaxies:
* Circinus galaxy has rings of gas ejected from its center
* Centaurus A, apparently the brightest Seyfert galaxy as seen from Earth. It is a giant elliptical galaxy: a radio galaxy notable for its relativistic jet spanning more than a million light years in length.
* Messier 51a (NGC 5194), the Whirlpool Galaxy, one of the best known galaxies in the sky.
* Messier 81 (NGC 3031), a popular target for amateur astronomy and the second brightest Seyfert galaxy in the sky after Centaurus A
* Messier 87 (NGC 4486), central galaxy of the Virgo Cluster and the biggest galaxy in the Local Supercluster. It is a radio galaxy notable for its 4,400 light-year long relativistic jet powered by an immense supermassive black hole with the mass of (3.5 ± 0.2)-6.3 billion solar masses
* NGC 1672 has a nucleus engulfed by intense starburst regions

## References