open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
List of libertarian parties

Many countries have **libertarian political parties**. Although these parties may call themselves "libertarian," their way of thinking may differ from one another and not all of them can be described as really libertarian. Some of these parties prefer to be called "liberal" rather than "libertarian."

## By country
### Australia
* Liberal Democratic Party
* Libertarian Party

### Belgium
* Flemish List and Democrats (classical liberalism)
* List Dedecker (classical liberalism)

### Brazil
* Libertarians

### Canada
* British Columbia Libertarian Party
* Freedom Party of Canada (Objectivism)
* Freedom Party of Manitoba
* Freedom Party of Ontario (Objectivism)
* Libertarian Party of Canada
* Ontario Libertarian Party

### Costa Rica
* Movimiento Libertario (classical liberalism) (Possible shifting to liberalism)

### Czech Republic
* Freedom Union–Democratic Union
* Liberal Reform Party
* Voluntia

### Denmark
* Liberalisterne (classical liberalism)

### Estonia
* Estonian Reform Party (classical liberalism)

### France
* Liberal Alternative (Alternative Libérale) (classical liberalism)

### Germany
* Free Democratic Party (classical liberalism) (Libertárius Párt) (classical liberalism)

### Iceland
* Independence Party

### Ireland
*Progressive Democrats

### Italy
* Italian Radicals (left-libertarian)
* Liberal Reformers

### Netherlands
* Libertarian Party (Libertarische Partij)

### New Zealand
* ACT New Zealand
* Libertarianz (Neo-Objectivism)

### Norway
* Liberal People's Party
* Progress Party

### Poland
* Real Politics Union (Unia Polityki Realnej)
* KORWiN

### Russia
* Russian Libertarian Movement (Rossiyskoye Libertarianskoye Dvizhenie (RLD))

### Serbia
* Liberal Democratic Party

### Slovakia
* Civic Conservative Party

### Sweden
* Libertarian Party

### Switzerland
* Free Democratic Party of Switzerland

### Turkey
* Freedom and Solidarity Party

### Venezuela
* Civil Resistance (classical liberalism)

### United Kingdom
* Libertarian Party

### United States
* Jefferson Republican Party (Paleolibertarianism)
* Libertarian Party (largest libertarian-leaning party in the U.S.)
* Populist Party of America (Populist in name only)
* Personal Choice Party
* Boston Tea Party

## Footnotes
Internet fraud

**Internet fraud** means trying to trick or scam someone else using the Internet.  This usually means that the person who is being tricked loses money to the people scamming them.  Internet fraud can take place on computer programs such as chat rooms, e-mail, message boards, or Web sites. Advertisements that pop up on the internet have a big risk of being scams.

## Other websites 
*
Didí Torrico

**Didí Torrico Camacho** (born 18 May 1988 in Cochabamba) is a Bolivian football midfielder who currently plays for Wilsterman and the Bolivian national team.

Torrico began his career in 2005 playing for Iberoamericana before transferring to La Paz F.C. the following year. After three seasons in La Paz, he joined Wilstermann.

He has also played in six games for the Bolivian national team since 2008, and scored his first international goal against Mexico on March 11, 2009.

## International goals
## References
*Base de Datos del Fútbol Argentino 
*Fifa.com
Gerresheim

**Gerresheim** is one of the oldest parts of the City of Düsseldorf, Germany. It is in the east of the city. About 28,200 live in Gerresheim today.

## History
In the year 670 a church in Gerresheim is mentioned first time.

In 870 the church the Gerresheim Womans Abbay, St. Margaret's, (Gerresheim Abbey) was founded by Gerricus.

In 1368 got the City Rights by the Counts of Berg.

In the Truchsess War and later the Thirty Years' War Gerresheim was raided some times. Even the nons of Abbay became poorer.
So the city became poorer and lost its attraction.

In 1803 there was no Abbay anymore. In 1809 Gerresheim was taken over by Prussia.
In 1838 Gerresheim got its railway sation.

In 1909 Gerresheim became a part of Düsseldorf.

## Buildings and attractions
* Basilica Saint Margaretha, formerly St. Hippolytus, Roman Catholic church, Romano-Gothic abbey church, sanctified in 1236 in the place of a church of the Staufens.
* The treasures of the church are a crucifix from the 10th century and a Gospel book from the 11th century
* Abbey buildings date from the 13th century
* Quadenhof Castle dates from the 15th century
* Gustav Adolf Church, Protestant (Lutheran) church from 1878

File:Gerresheim Rathaus 10598.JPG|City Hall
File:Duesseldorf-Gerresheim Sonnbornstr.jpg|Villas in Gerresheim
File:St. Margareta in Duesseldorf-Gerresheim, von Westen.jpg|Saint Margaretha, Vaticanic Basilika Minor
File:Gustav-Adolf-Kirche in Duesseldorf-Gerresheim, von Westen.jpg|Protestant Gustav Adolf Church
File:St. Katharina in Duesseldorf-Gerresheim, von Sueden.jpg|Rom.-Cath. St. Cathrina Church
File:Duesseldorf-Gerresheim Evangelische Gnadenkirche.jpg|Protetant Mercy Church
File:Duesseldorf-Gerresheim St Maria vom Frieden.JPG|Rom.-Cath. Saint Mary of Peace
File:DEU_Gerresheim_(historic)_COA.svg|Coats of Arms

## Sources
* Communal District Administration (German) 
* Communal Administration (German)
The Ashes

**The Ashes** is series of international cricketmatches played between England and Australia. The series began in 1882, when Australia won its first Test match in England. Newspapers at the time joked that this was a symbol of the death of English cricket, saying that the body would be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. England's cricket captain said before England's next match against Australia that he would "regain those ashes". 

The two teams usually play a series of five matches once every two years. There have been 73 of these series. Australia has won 34 of them and England has won 32, with the others being draws. 

## The trophy 
A small urn was given to England's captain, Ivo Bligh, after England won the 1882–83 Ashes series. The urn was supposed to contain the ashes of a burnt cricket bail, and was described as "the ashes of Australian cricket". An urn (possibly the same one) was given to the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) by Bligh's widow after he died, and this urn is used (unofficially) as the trophy that the teams try to win. A replica of the urn is usually given to the winning team after each series, but the original urn stays in the MCC's museum.

## Related pages
* Soccer Ashes
* The Women's Ashes
Kent Conrad

**Gaylord Kent Conrad** (born March 12, 1948) is a former American politician. He was a United States Senator from North Dakota. He is a member of the Democratic Party. First elected to the Senate in 1986, he was chairman or Ranking Member of the Senate Budget Committee for 12 years.

On January 18, 2011, Conrad announced that he was retiring from politics and would not run for reelection in 2012. 

## References
Mimar Sinan

**Mimar Sinan** or '''Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ** (Ottoman Turkish: ; Modern Turkish: **Mimar Sinan''') (15 April 1489  - 9 April 1588) was an Ottoman architect and civil engineer. He worked for sultans Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III. He worked about fifty years for Ottoman Empire. His masterpiece is the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne. His most famous work is the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul. 

, built by Sinan in 1575. Edirne, Turkey.]]
Lefkada (city)

**Lefkada City** is a Greek town which is the capital of the Greek island Lefkada. The population of Lefkada City was 10,875 people, according to the 2001 census. It is located in the north of the island Lefkada. 

Here is the narrow isthmus which separates Lefkada from continental Greece. Lefkada City is the first place visitors see, going to the island of Lefkada from continental Greece.

Lefkada has many earthquakes, so its houses are built by wood and metal. 

## References
Komotini

**Komotini** is a Greek city in Greek Thrace. Thrace is a periphery in the northwest of Greece. Komotini is a capital of Rodopi prefecture. 52.659 people live there. Some of the people are Muslims. Komotini is the second city in Greece which has Muslims. The other city is Xanthi.

## Related pages
## References
Independent Spirit Awards 2005

**21st Independent Spirit Awards**

March 4, 2006

----
Best Film: 
** Brokeback Mountain **

The **21st Independent Spirit Awards**, given by Film Independent on 4 March, 2006, awarded who they thought were best in movie for 2005.

## Winners and nominees 
### Best Actor 
'* Philip Seymour Hoffman - *Capote'''*
*Jeff Daniels - *The Squid and the Whale*
*Terrence Howard - *Hustle & Flow*
*Heath Ledger - *Brokeback Mountain*
*David Strathairn - *Good Night, and Good Luck.*

### Best Actress 
*' Felicity Huffman - *Transamerica*'*
*Laura Linney - *The Squid and the Whale*
*Dina Korzun - *Forty Shades of Blue*
*S. Epatha Merkerson - *Lackawanna Blues*
*Cyndi Williams - *Room*

### Best Cinematography 
*' *Good Night, and Good Luck.* - Robert Elswit'*
**Capote*
**Keane*
**Last Days*
**The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada*

### Best Director 
*' Ang Lee - *Brokeback Mountain*'*
*Gregg Araki - *Mysterious Skin*
*Noah Baumbach - *The Squid and the Whale*
*George Clooney - *Good Night, and Good Luck.*
*Rodrigo García Barcha - *Nine Lives*

### Best Documentary Film 
*' *Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room***

### Best Film 
** *Brokeback Mountain*'*
**Capote*
**Good Night, and Good Luck.*
**The Squid and the Whale*
**The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada*

### Best First Film 
*' *Crash*'*
**Lackawanna Blues*
**Cirrincione*
**Me and You and Everyone We Know*
**Thumbsucker* 
**Transamerica*

### Best Foreign Language Film 
*' *Paradise Now*, Palestinian Authority'*
**The Death of Mister Lazarescu (Moartea domnului Lazarescu)*, Romania
**Duck Season (Temporada de patos)*, Mexico
**Head-On (Gegen die Wand)*, Germany/Turkey
**Tony Takitani*, Japan

### Best Screenplay 
*' *Capote* - Dan Futterman'*
**Nine Lives* - Rodrigo García 
**The Squid and the Whale* - Noah Baumbach 
**The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada* - Guillermo Arriaga 
**The War Within* - Ayad Akhtar, Joseph Castelo and Tom Glynn

*Best Screenplay (first): 
***Transamerica* - Duncan Tucker 

### Best Supporting Actor 
*' Matt Dillon - *Crash*'*
*Firdous Bamji - *The War Within*
*Jesse Eisenberg - *The Squid and the Whale *
*Barry Pepper - *The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada*
*Jeffrey Wright - *Broken Flowers*

### Best Supporting Actress 
*' Amy Adams - *Junebug*'''*
*Maggie Gyllenhaal - *Happy Endings*
*Allison Janney - *Our Very Own*
*Robin Wright Penn - *Nine Lives*
*Michelle Williams - *Brokeback Mountain*

## Award breakdown 
***2/2**: *Crash*
***2/3**: *Transamerica*
***2/4**: *Brokeback Mountain*
***2/4**: *Capote*
***1/2**: *Junebug*
***1/4**: *Good Night, and Good Luck.*

Biggest losers:
***0/6**: *The Squid and the Whale*
***0/3**: *Nine Lives*
***0/2**: *Lackawanna Blues* (TV movie)
***0/2**: *Me and You and Everyone We Know*
***0/2**: *Room''
Strum, Wisconsin

**Strum** is a village in Trempealeau County of the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  It can be found along the Buffalo River. 1,076 people were living in Strum as of the 2020 census. Strum has an area of 1.3 square miles, says the United States Census Bureau.

## References
## Other websites
*Village of Strum 
*School District of Eleva-Strum
Apple Worldwide Developers Conference

The **Apple Worldwide Developers Conference** (**WWDC**, also called "dub-dub") is an event held every year for software developers who create software for macOS and iOS. The first WWDC took place in 1987. After 13 years of being held in early June in San Francisco, California, WWDC returned to San Jose, California in 2017. Sometimes new products are announced at the conference.

Since 2020, WWDC has been an online-only event for the first time due to COVID-19 pandemic. However, since 2023 people can enter an in-person event at Apple Park during WWDC.

WWDC currently focus on operating systems such as iOS, iPadOS, WatchOS, audioOS, tvOS, visionOS and MacOS.

## Attendance 
Attendees must be 13 years old or older and member of an Apple Developer program, also, ticket is required to enter the conference. In 2018, WWDC has 6,000 attendees during WWDC18. In 2019, WWDC has 9,000 attendees during WWDC19. In 2020, WWDC no longer have in-person attendance due to COVID-19 pandemic.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Liam Finn

. Photographed by Kris Krug]]
**Liam Finn** is a rock singer who was born in Australia, grew up in New Zealand but now lives in London in England. Liam is the son of Neil Finn, the singer of the famous group Crowded House. He is currently a member of Crowded House, as guitarist and vocalist, along with his brother Elroy on drums.

Liam was lead singer of the band Betchadupa in New Zealand.

Liam continues to have a solo career, playing shows in Ireland and the UK in June and July 2024 while on tour with Crowded House.

His solo work is marked by his ability as a multi-instrumentalist, he records multiple guitar riffs and drum beats using foot pedals and loops them while playing and singing over the top.

Liam Finn played a song in the television show of David Letterman in 2008.

## Discography 
### Studio albums
* I'll Be Lightning (2007)
* Champagne In Seashells EP (2009)
* FOMO (2011)

### Live albums 
* Live (in Spaceland) – 22 February 2008, Spaceland Recordings
* Live From The Wiltern – (2008) Yep Roc Records
Tony Mowbray

**Anthony Mark "Tony" Mowbray** (born 22 November 1963) is an English former professional football player and the current manager of Coventry City. Mowbray played for Middlesbrough, Celtic and Ipswich Town as a defender.

Mowbray was born in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, North Riding of Yorkshire. He previously managed West Bromwich Albion, Hibernian and Celtic.

## Career statistics
Source:

## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Playing career
**Middlesbrough**
* Football League Third Division Runner-Up: 1986–87
* Football League Second Division 3rd Place: 1987–88

**Ipswich Town**
*Football League First Division play-offs: 2000

**Individual**
*Middlesbrough Player of the Year: 1984–85, 1985–86
*Ipswich Town Hall of Fame: Inducted 2016

### Managerial career
**West Bromwich Albion**
* Football League Championship: 2007–08

**Blackburn Rovers**
* Football League One runner-up: 2017–18

**Individual Awards**
*Scottish Premier League Manager of the Month: December 2004, May 2005,
* Scottish Football Writers' Association Manager of the Year: 2004–2005
*Scottish Premier League Manager of the Year: 2004–2005
* BBC Scotland *Off The Ball* Manager of the Year: 2004–2005
* League Managers Association Manager of the Year: 2007–2008
* BBC North East Sports Personality of the Year: 2011.
* Football League Championship Manager of the Month: September 2007, October 2012 and January 2019.
* Football League One Manager of the Month: November 2017.

## References
Primary cell

A **primary cell** is a battery that is made to be used one time only. It cannot be recharged. Once all the power is used up, the battery must be thrown away. It no longer makes electricity. Primary cells are often used to give power to small appliances that are used in the home.

The advantages about this kind of disposable battery include:
* being cheaper (costs less money)
* being easier to make
* lasting longer before being used (shelf life) 
* high availability

The disadvantages about this kind of disposable battery are that:
* it is highly toxic and
* it releases too much waste when thrown away.

## Examples
*Alkaline battery
*Leclanche battery
*Lithium battery
*Mercury battery
*Silver oxide battery

## Historic primary cells
The following primary cells are only of historical interest. The dry cell is now almost universal.

## Related pages
*Secondary cell
*Battery
*Table of batteries
*Voltaic pile

## References
Cyclone Tracy

**Cyclone Tracy** was a tropical cyclone that destroyed the city of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, from Christmas Eve to Christmas Day, 1974. It is the most  tropical cyclone on record in Australia, with the gale force winds reaching out only  from the centre. It is the second most compact cyclone in the world. Tropical Storm Marco of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season had gale-force winds reaching only  from the centre. After forming over the Arafura Sea, the Tracy moved south and hit the city with Category&nbsp;4 winds on the Australian cyclone scale. It is possible that it had reached Category&nbsp;3 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale when it made landfall.

Tracy killed 71 people, caused $837&nbsp;million in damage (1974 AUD) and destroyed more than 70% of Darwin's buildings, including 80% of the houses. Of the 49,000 people who lived in Darwin, 20,000 people were left homeless. More than 30,000 people had to leave the city. Most of Darwin's population were moved to Adelaide, Whyalla, Alice Springs and Sydney. Many people never returned to Darwin. The city was rebuilt using modern materials and updated building methods. Bruce Stannard of *The Age* stated that Cyclone Tracy was a "disaster ... without parallel in Australia's history."

## References
Catherine Hardwicke

**Catherine Hardwicke** (born **Helen Catherine Hardwicke**; ) is an American production designer and movie director. She has worked on the movies *Thirteen*, *The Nativity Story* and *Twilight*.

## Filmography 
### Director 
## References
Catch That Kid

***Catch That Kid!*** is a 2004 American criminal comedy movie. It was directed by Bart Freundlich. It is a remake of the Danish movie *Klatretøsen* (2002). The movie's working titles were *Mission Without Permission* (also the movie's United Kingdom title) and *Catch That Girl*.
Twilight (2008 movie)

***Twilight*** is a 2008 American teen romantic-fantasy movie. It is based on the novel by Stephenie Meyer. The movie was directed by Catherine Hardwicke and stars Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart, and Taylor Lautner. Stephenie Meyer has a cameo appearance in the movie. The movie is about a teenage girl and a vampire falling in love.

The movie was a huge success. It was released in cinemas on November 21, 2008 and grossed $35.7 million on this day. Since then, it has gone on to gross over $382,133,300 worldwide. The soundtrack for the movie was released on November 4, 2008 and debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200. The soundtrack contains all of the music from the movie including music created and sung by actor Robert Pattinson, who appeared in the movie.

## Plot 
Bella Swan, who is seventeen years old, moves to Forks, a small town in Washington, to live with her father, Charlie, after her mother remarries. She meets many new friends at High School and they inform her about the Cullen family, and Bella becomes intrigued. Edward Cullen, who is in Bella's Biology class, acts very strangely when he sees her for the first time, which makes Bella confused. A few days later, Bella is almost hit with a blue van in the school parking lot. Edward manages to move extremely quickly by her side and pushes the van away with his hand, leaving a huge pressure mark in the side of the van. Bella did not know how he managed to do this, so she is determined to find out. However, Edward refuses to explain what happened, and warns her not to be friends with him.

After Bella does lots of research, she finds out that Edward Cullen is a vegetarian vampire. Bella and Edward fall in love and Edward introduces her to his family, Carlisle, Esme, Alice, Jasper, Emmett, and Rosalie who are also vampires. They invite Bella to play baseball with them, and she agrees. However, three other vampires called James, Victoria and Laurent arrive and disrupt the game. James, who is a tracker vampire, is intrigued by Edward's protectiveness over a human girl and wants to hunt Bella. Edward and his family risk their lives to protect her, but James gets Bella on her own after lying to her that he was holding her mother hostage. James attacks Bella and bites her wrist, but Edward, along with the other Cullen family members, arrives before he can kill her. James is destroyed, and Edward sucks James's venom from Bella's wrist, preventing her from becoming a vampire. 

A severely injured Bella is taken to a hospital. Upon returning to Forks, Bella and Edward attend their school prom. While there, Bella expresses her desire to become a vampire, which Edward ignores. The movie ends with Victoria secretly watching the pair dancing, plotting revenge for her love.

## Other websites 
*
Art museum

in Paris is a famous art museum.]]

An **art museum** or **art gallery** is a museum where works of arts are shown for people to look at. These works of art are usually paintings, but they can also be sculptures, photographs or other visual art works.  Most art museums are open for the public to visit, but there are also some which are private.

What distinguishes an art museum from other galleries is that it owns the works of art. A museum has staff called "curators", who are expert on art. Art museums are often used to help teach students about the history of art. There are about 700 university art museums and galleries in the United States.

## World famous Art Museums 
*

## References
Kristen Stewart

**Kristen Jaymes Stewart** (born April 9, 1990) is an American actress working in television and movies. She is known for roles in the films *Catch That Kid*, *Panic Room*, *Zathura*, *In the Land of Women*, *Adventureland*, *Into the Wild*, *The Messengers*, *Twilight*, *The Twilight Saga: New Moon* and *The Twilight Saga: Eclipse*. In 2021, she played Princess Diana of Wales in the biopic drama *Spencer* and the role earned her the first Academy Award nomination.

## Early life 
Kristen Jaymes Stewart was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. Her father, John Stewart works as a stage manager and television producer. Kristen's mother, Jules Mann-Stewart, is a script supervisor and was born in Australia. Kristen has an older brother, Cameron Stewart.

## Career 
Kristen started acting when she was eight years old, after an agent saw her perform at her school's Christmas event. Her first minor roles were in programs such as *The Thirteenth Year* and *The Safety Of Objects* and her first major role was in a movie called *Panic Room*. Since then, Kristen has appeared in films such as *Cold Creek Manor*, *Catch That Kid*, *Undertow* and *Speak*.

She won the Orange Rising Star Award in 2010.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
*Kristen Stewart Breaks Down Her Career, Vanity Fair, published by YouTube July 30, 2019
Bavarian State Opera

The **Bavarian State Opera** (in German: **Bayerische Staatsoper**) is an opera company based in Munich, Germany.  It has been in existence since 1653. Its orchestra is the **Bavarian State Orchestra**. While opera performances are held in the Prinzregententheater (completed in 1901), the company's home base is the National Theatre Munich on Max-Joseph-Platz.

Peter Jonas is the General Director.  He has been there since 1993 and is the first British director of any major German speaking Opera House. Since 1998 the conductor Zubin Mehta was music director of the Bavarian State Opera and Bavarian State Orchestra. He was followed in 2006 by Kent Nagano.

## Other websites 
* Bayerische Staatsoper official website
Police Academy

***Police Academy*** is a popular movie and television series.

## Movies 
* *Police Academy* - 1984
* *Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment* - 1985
* *Police Academy 3: Back in Training* - 1986
* *Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol* - 1987
* *Police Academy 5: Assignment Miami Beach* - 1988
* *Police Academy 6: City Under Siege* - 1989
* *Police Academy: Mission to Moscow* - 1994
* *Police Academy 8* - 2013

## Television series 
* *Police Academy* - 1988, 2 season, for a total of 64 episodes.
* *Police Academy - The Series* - 1997, 26 episodes.

## Main characters 
* **Carey Mahoney** (4 films; animated series)
* **Moses Hightower** (6 films; animated series; television series)
* **Eugene Tackleberry** (7 films; animated series; television series)
* **Larvell Jones** (7 films; animated series; television series)
* **Douglas Fackler** (1, 2, 3 and 6 films; animated series; television series)
* **Laverne Hooks** (6 films; animated series)
* **Debbie Callahan** (1, 3 at 7 films; animated series; television series)
* **Com. Eric Lassard** (7 films; animated series)
* **Sweetchuck** (2 at 4 films; animated series)
* **Zed** (2 at 4 films; animated series)
* **House** (4 and 5 films; animated series)
* **Capt. Thaddeus Harris** (1, 4 at 7 films; animated series)
* **Proctor** (2 at 6 films; animated series; television series)
* **Mauser** (2 and 3 films; animated series; television series)
* **Nick Lassard** (5 and 6 films)
His Dark Materials

***His Dark Materials*** is a fantasy novel series by British author, Philip Pullman.

## Books 
* *Northern Lights*
* *The Subtle Knife*
* *The Amber Spyglass*
Tacloban

**Tacloban** or **Tacloban City**, is a highly urbanized city in the Eastern Visayas, Region 8. It is the capital city of Leyte province. Tacloban is a port city in the Philippines. It is about 360 miles (580 kilometers) southeast of Manila.  It is the regional center of Eastern Visayas. The  San Juanico Bridge, a famous long bridge in the Philippines, connects the city to the town of Santa Rita in Samar. 

## References
Killzone 2

***Killzone 2*** is a first-person shooter for the PlayStation 3, made by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the third game in the Killzone series that began on the PlayStation 2 with Killzone and continued on the PlayStation Portable with Killzone: Liberation. The game was first announced at E3 2005, with a technology demo on display, while the first gameplay video was shown two years later at E3 2007.
Manzai

actors]]

 is a traditional kind of Japanese comedy. *Manzai* is a special kind of stand-up comedy.  It is both dialogue and performance.

A comedy team brings together a straight man (*tsukkomi*) who feeds punchlines to a funny man (*boke*).  A pair of comedians with a special back-and-forth style is called *kakeai manzai*.

In the Edo period, the traditional dialogue was performed on stage. and perform good-luck dances in return for a small amount of rice or money.

## Related pages
* Xiangsheng
* Stand-up comedy

## References
## More reading
* Davis, Jessica Milner. (2005). *Understanding Humor in Japan.*  Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ; OCLC 475380964
Velafrons

***Velafrons*** (meaning "sailed forehead") is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Mexico. Its fossils were found in the Upper Cretaceous Cerro del Pueblo Formation (about 73.5 million years old), near Rincon Colorado, Coahuila, Mexico. The type specimen is CPC-59, and the type species is *V. coahuilensis*.
Arsenal tube station

**Arsenal tube station** is a London Underground station in Highbury, north London. The station is on the Piccadilly line. It is in Travelcard Zone 2. It is between Holloway Road and Finsbury Park stations. The station was originally known as **Gillespie Road**. In 1932, it was renamed after Arsenal Football Club. It is the only Tube station named after a football club directly. 

## History
Gillespie Road station was opened by the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR) on 15 December 1906. When the different London Underground companies were joined together, the GNP&BR became the Piccadilly line. The original station building and ticket hall were designed by Leslie Green. The buildings had red terracotta on the outside. The station is similar to Holloway Road and Caledonian Road stations, also on the Piccadilly line. The station was renamed to Arsenal in 1932.

## References
## Other websites 
* London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
** 
** .
Enola Gay

The **Enola Gay** is a B-29 Superfortress Bomber. This plane is famous for dropping the first atomic bomb (named Little Boy) over the Japanese city of Hiroshima during World War II. The Bomber is named after its Pilot, Paul Tibbets' mother Enola Gay Tibbets. The plane was used from 18 May 1945 to 24 July 1946, after which it was stored at Suitland, Maryland.

## References
Leadbeater's possum

'''Leadbeater's possum'* (*Gymnobelideus leadbeateri*) is an endangered species of Australian possum. They need food all year round, and trees with holes where they can hide during the day. They live in mixed-age wet sclerophyll forest with plenty of *Acacia*.

The possum was once thought to be extinct. It now lives only in small areas of old and mixed age mountain ash forest in the central highlands of Victoria, north-east of Melbourne. 

These trees are a species of *Eucalyptus'': they give off vapour which catches fire easily. About half this area was burnt in the disastrous Black Saturday bushfire in 2009. Large areas of the forest around Marysville, Narbethong and Healesville were destroyed.  

## References
## Other websites
Phil Jackson

**Phil Jackson** (born September 17, 1945) is a coach in the NBA. He has won eleven championships as coach in the NBA, six with the Chicago Bulls and five with the Los Angeles Lakers. With his 10th championship, Phil Jackson surpassed Red Auerbach, who won 9 championships before 1966. Jackson was named one of the 10 greatest coaches in league history. As of March 4, 2010, Phil Jackson has the highest winning percentage in regular season games of any coach in NBA history who coached at least 500 games.  Before he was a coach, Jackson was a player for the New York Knicks and the New Jersey Nets.  Jackson is from Montana. Jackson retired from coaching in 2011 and joined the Knicks as an executive in March 2014. He was dismissed as the Knicks' team president on June 28, 2017.

## References
Indian National Congress

The **Indian National Congress** (INC), also called the Congress Party, is a major Indian political party. The party was founded in 1885. It is currently in opposition against the ruling NDA coalition led by Bharatiya Janata Party. The Congress is the largest opposition party.

It is the largest constituent party of the INDIA, a coalition of Indian political parties that form the opposition against the ruling NDA coalition. The party's parliamentary chairperson is Sonia Gandhi. It had registered its worst performance in an election in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections.

In 1969, the party suffered a major split. A faction was led by Indira Gandhi, leaving to establish the Congress (R), with the remainder becoming the Congress (O). The Congress (R) became the dominant faction, winning the 1971 general election with a considerable margin. However, another split occurred in 1979, leading to the creation of the Congress (I), which was recognized as the Congress by the Electoral Commission in 1981. Under Rajiv Gandhi's leadership, the party won a massive victory in the 1984 general elections, nevertheless losing the election held in 1989 to the National Front. The Congress then returned to power under P. V. Narasimha Rao, who moved the party towards an economically liberal agenda, a sharp break from previous leaders. However, it lost the 1996 general election and was replaced in government by the National Front (then the BJP). After a record eight years out of office, the Congress-led coalition known as the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) under Manmohan Singh formed a government post-winning 2004 general elections. Subsequently, the UPA again established the government after winning the 2009 general elections, and Singh became the first Prime Minister since Nehru in 1962 to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term. However, in the 2014 general election, the Congress suffered a heavy defeat, winning only 48 seats of the 543-member Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). In the 2019 general election, the party again suffered a heavy defeat, winning only 52 seats in the Lok Sabha. In the 2024 general election, with raising major issues against the Government, the party managed to almost double its seats to 99, and was able to secure the *Leader of Opposition* post.

## References
Paul Tibbets

**Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr** (23 February 1915 – 1 November 2007) was a Brigadier general for the United States Air Force from 1937 to 1966. Paul is famous for dropping the first Atomic bomb on Hiroshima in the B-29 Superfortress called Enola Gay. He was born in Quincy, Illinois.

Tibbets died of heart failure after suffering a small stroke in Columbus, Ohio, aged 92. His remains were cremated where his ashes were later scattered across the English Channel...

## References
## Other websites
*509th Composite Group
*Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima
*BBC News item announcing Tibbets' death
*In pictures: Paul Tibbets
*Obituary, *The Daily Telegraph*, November 2, 2007
*Obituary, *The Guardian*, November 2, 2007
*Obituary, *The Times*, November 2, 2007 
*"Hiroshima; Enola Gay's Crew Recalls The Flight Into a New Era", *New York Times*, August 6, 1995
Vostok 1

***Vostok 1*** (, *East* or *Orient* 1) was the first flight to take a human into space. It used a Vostok 3KA spacecraft, and was launched on April 12, 1961. It took into space Yuri Gagarin, a cosmonaut from the Soviet Union. The Vostok 1 mission was the first time a person went into outer space and the first time anyone had entered into orbit. The flight made one orbit and lasted for 1 hour, 48 minutes. The spacecraft had a food locker, radio, a cabinet with experiments inside, and two windows, one above the ejection seat and one to the right.. Gagarin ejected from the spacecraft after re-entry and landed by parachute.

There were six manned Vostok flights, the last one, Vostok 6, carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman to go into space on June 16, 1963.

## References
Area 51

**Area 51** is a military base, and a remote detachment of Edwards Air Force Base.  Conspiracy theorists claim that extraterrestrial entities inhabit Area 51. There is no evidence for these claims.

## Location 
Area 51 is in the southern part of Nevada in the western United States. It is 83 miles (133&nbsp;km) north-northwest of downtown Las Vegas. At its center, on the southern shore of Groom Lake, is a large military airfield. The base's primary purpose is to develop and test experimental aircraft and weapons systems.

The base is in the United States Air Force's Nevada Test and Training Range NTTR, formerly called the Nellis Air Force Range NAFR. The facilities at the range are managed by the 99th Air Base Wing at Nellis Air Force Base. However, the Groom facility appears to be run as an adjunct of the Air Force Flight Test Center AFFTC at Edwards Air Force Base in the Mojave Desert, around 186 miles (300&nbsp;km) southwest of Groom. As a result, the base is known as Air Force Flight Test Center Detachment 3.

Though the name Area 51 is used in official Central Intelligence Agency documentation, other names used for the facility include “Dreamland”, “Paradise Ranch”, “Home Base”, “Watertown Strip”, “Groom Lake”, and most recently “Homey Airport”. The area is part of the Nellis Military Operations Area, and the restricted airspace around the field is referred to as R- 4808N, known by the military pilots in the area as "The Box" or "the Container ".

## Uses 
The facility is not a conventional airbase, as frontline operational units are not normally deployed there. It instead appears to be used for highly classified military/defense Special Access Programs. These are programs that are kept secret by the government, military personnel, and defense contractors. Its mission may be to develop, test, and train new aircraft weapons systems or research projects. Once these projects have been approved by the United States Air Force or other agencies such as the CIA, and are ready to be announced to the public, operations of aircraft are then moved to a regular air force base. 

## Secrecy 
There was intense secrecy surrounding the base. The U.S. government did not acknowledge its existence until July 14, 2003. Because of this secrecy, Area 51 became a frequent subject of fiction, conspiracy theories, and unidentified flying object (UFO) folklore. Testing the U-2 plane in the 1950s – at altitudes much higher than commercial aircraft then flew – provoked "a tremendous increase in reports of unidentified flying objects (UFOs)".

In July 2019, more than 1,700,000 people responded to a joke proposal to storm Area 51 which appeared in an anonymous Facebook post. A further 1,300,000 people said they were interested in the event, scheduled for 20 September 2019, and billed as "Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us", an attempt to "see them aliens." 

## References
Kennel cough

**Kennel cough** or **tracheobronchitis** is a very easily caught dog illness. The dogs have swelling and pain  of the upper breathing passages.  It can be caused by viral infections such as canine distemper, canine adenovirus, canine parainfluenza virus, or canine respiratory coronavirus, or bacterial infections such as *Bordetella bronchiseptica*.  It is called kennel cough because the infection can spread very quickly among dogs, who live together as in a kennel or an animal shelter.

## Infection
Both viral and bacterial causes of kennel cough are spread through the air by infected dogs sneezing and coughing.  It can also be spread through contact with things that have the bacteria or virus on them.  It can still be spread days or weeks after symptoms disappear.  Symptoms  usually begin about 3 to 5 days after the dog is around the infected animal or object.  The disease can turn into pneumonia.

## Symptoms
Symptoms can include a , dry coughing, retching, sneezing, snorting (noise made with the nose), gagging or vomiting in response to light pressing of the trachea or after excitement or exercise.  The symptoms are caused by the inflammation of the airways.  It can increase after excitement or exercise because of the quick breathing that takes place which causes the nerves of airway to become more stimulated.  A fever is not always present.  The disease can last 10–20 days and can come back when the dog is put into a stressful  which puts stress on the dog's immune system.  Medical diagnosis is made by seeing these symptoms, having a history of  is also helpful but not always found as kennel cough is easily spread through contact with the ground, toys, sidewalks, dog parks.

## Treatment and prevention
Antibiotics are given to treat any bacterial infection present.  Cough suppressants are used if the cough is not productive (nothing is being coughed up).  The usual outcome is good.   is by vaccinating for canine adenovirus, distemper, parainfluenza, and *Bordetella*.  In kennels, the best prevention is to keep all the cages clean.  Most kennels will not board dogs without proof of vaccination.

## Related pages
*Bronchitis

## References
## Other websites
*Kennel Cough Home Remedy 
**Kennel Cough* from The Pet Health Library
*Merck Veterinary Manual Entry on Kennel Cough 
*Kennel Cough
Red Faction: Guerrilla

***Red Faction: Guerrilla*** is a third-person shooter video game made by Volition, Inc. and published by THQ, with the PC version being made by Reactor Zero. The game first came out on June 2, 2009 in North America for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. In the European countries it was released on June 5 2009 and the Microsoft Windows version will be released on August 25 2009. The game is the third game in the Red Faction series.

## Gameplay
Red Faction: Guerrilla has a third person perspective, the first two games had a first-person perspective. This was changed because Volition though that the third-person view would be better because the player would be able to see more of the environment. In Red Faction: Guerrilla, the hero, Alec Mason, can run, jump, steal vehicles, and use weapons to explore the open world of Mars and fight the EDF (Earth Defense Force).

## Reception
Red Faction: Guerrilla has gotten good reviews. The Metacritic score is 85/100. The GameSpot reviewer Randolph Ramsey gave the game a, 8.5/10. He said that the physics and the realism of the game were good, but also said that the game is repetitive and that the story was not good. IGN reviewer Charles Onyett gave the game an 8/10. He said that the game is fun, but that the storyline, graphics, and voice acting are weak.

## References
Ding Liren

**Ding Liren** (born 24 October 1992) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. He is the 17th undisputed World Chess Champion, defeating Ian Nepomniachtchi in the 2023 World Chess Championship to achieve the title. He attempted to defend the title in 2024, but lost to Gukesh Dommaraju.

## Early Life
Ding Liren was born in Wenzhou, a city in Zhejiang Province, China. He quickly became one of China’s best young players.

At the age of 4, Ding’s mother took him to a chess club, where Ding learned how to play chess.

In November 2003 and 2004, Ding tied for first place in the U-10 and U-12 World Youth Championship.

## Chess Career
Ding became a Grandmaster in 2009, at the age of 16. That same year, he won the Chinese Chess Championship, becoming the youngest player to ever do so. He later won the national title again in 2011 and 2012.

He became famous internationally for going on a 100-game unbeaten streak in classical chess from 2017 to 2018, which was a world record at the time, only being beaten by Magnus Carlsen in 2019.

In 2023, Ding Liren became the World Chess Champion. He won the title by defeating Ian Nepomniachtchi in a tiebreak match at the 2023 World Championship in Astana, Kazakhstan. This match happened because Magnus Carlsen, the reigning champion, decided not to defend his title.

Ding has also played in the Candidates Tournament, which selects who will play for the world title. In 2022, he finished second in the tournament, but entered the World Championship after Carlsen withdrew.

## References
Danish Kaneria

**Danish Prabha Shanker Kaneria** (born 16 December 1980) is a Pakistani cricketer. He was born in Karachi and made his first cricket entrance in 2000 against England in Faisalabad. He is generally a leg spin bowler and is famous for his googlies.

His best bowling figures are getting 7 wickets for 77 runs against Bangladesh. Kaneria was born into a Gujarati family of Marwari origin.

On June 22, 2012 Kaneria was banned for life from any involvement in the playing, organisation or administration of any cricket under the jurisdiction of the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). Kaneria was found guilty of two charges of spot fixing.

## References
Sachin Tendulkar

**Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar **  (born 24 April 1973 in Mumbai) is a former Indian cricketer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest batsman in the history of cricket. He has the highest number of runs in both Test cricket and One Day Internationals. He also has the highest number of centuries in the Test Cricket format. He always honoured better players than him like Garfield Sobers or Don Bradman. Sachin Tendulkar is one of the richest cricketers of India.

## 100th international century
Tendulkar scored his much awaited 100th international hundred on 16 March 2012 against Bangladesh in the Asia Cup. He became the first person in history to achieve this feat. Incidentally, it was Tendulkar's first ODI hundred against Bangladesh. He said "It's been a tough phase for me&nbsp;... I was not thinking about the milestone, the media started all this, wherever I went, the restaurant, room service, everyone was talking about the 100th hundred. Nobody talked about my 99 hundreds. It became mentally tough for me because nobody talked about my 99 hundreds."

## National honours of sachin 
* 1994 - Arjuna Award, by the Government of India in recognition of his outstanding achievement in sports.
* 1997-98 - Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest honour given for achievement in sports.
* 1999 - Padma Shri, India's 'fourth' highest civilian award.
* 2001 - Maharashtra Bhushan Award, Maharashtra State's highest Civilian Award.
* 2008 - Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award.
* 2014 - Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award.

## Gallery

File:Cricket Partnership.jpg
File:Tendulkar's.jpg
File:Tendulkar shot.JPG
File:Tendulkar closup.jpg
File:Tendulkar batting against Australia, October 2010 (1), cropped.jpg
File:Sachin Tendulkar at MRF Promotion Event.jpg

## References 
## Other websites
* Official website 
* Full Information about sachin in simple
Ethelbert Nevin

**Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin** (born near Pittsburgh, November 25, 1862; died in New Haven, Connecticut, February 17, 1901) was an American pianist and composer.  He is remembered for a small number of romantic songs and piano pieces which became extremely popular in the early 20th century.

## Life
Nevin was born  in 1862, at Vineacre, on the river Ohio, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  He grew up there.  His father was a newspaper editor and he taught the young boy most subjects.  His mother played the piano.  The family bought a grand piano, which was the first grand piano ever to be taken across the Allegheny Mountains.

Ethelbert showed musical promise when he was very young.  His brother and cousins were also musical.  When he was four he was playing the piano with cushions on the floor so that he could reach the pedals.  His father took him to Dresden for two years to study music.  He also studied in Pittsburgh and in Boston.

He started his career giving piano lessons.  When he had earned enough money he went to Berlin where he had lessons from Karl Klindworth, who was a good teacher for him.  He showed Nevin how important it was to have a good general knowledge, and not just to spend hours and hours practising the piano.  This helped Nevin, who had good tastes in literature and he chose some good poems to make into songs.

In 1885 he was invited to join a group who had lessons from  Hans von Bülow.  He played works by of Brahms, Liszt, and Raff. Cosima Wagner and Joseph Joachim often came to the concerts given by this group.

In 1887 he went back to America and lived in Boston, where he taught and played in some concerts.  He asked Richard Strauss to teach him composition but Strauss did not accept him.

In 1892 he went to Paris, where he taught singing, and helped many American and French opera singers to learn their parts for singing in operas.   He worked very hard and his health got bad.  He spent his last years in several European places and then he went back to America.  He died in 1901.

## His music
Nevin's music is romantic, and sometimes rather sentimental for modern tastes.  His best known piece is "Narcissus" from *Water Scenes*.  These pieces were used by the dancer Isadora Duncan to dance to.  He also wrote a famous song called "The Rosary" and "Mighty Lak' a Rose".
 
Nevin was pictured on a 1940 ten cent U.S. postage stamp.
## Bibliography
*New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980, 

## Other websites
*  online book