open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Newhall estate

**Newhall** is a historic country house and estate near the town of Ennis in County Clare, Ireland. It was built in 1650 on the site of an old castle. In 1765, a new Georgian front was added. The estate has walled gardens, woodland, two lakes, a holy well and the ruins of an old abbey. For many years, it stayed with the same family of Irish landed gentry. *Burke’s Peerage* notes, that in 2025, it is the family seat for Lord Kinfauns the chief of Clan Commane.

Although Kinfauns and the *Commane* family bought Newhall House in 2016, *Burke’s Peerage* also notes that he was born in the townland of Newhall on his parents’ own land. The *Commane* family have owned land there for generations which was once part of the larger Newhall Estate.

## Location 
Newhall House is close to the parish of Killone, a short distance from Ennis. The house stands above Killone Lake. The grounds also include the remains of Killone Abbey, which was built in the 12th century.

## History 
The land around Newhall was granted in 1544 to Murrough O’Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond. A house was built on the site around 1650 for Lord Clare. In the 1760s the MacDonnell family married into the same family and bought the estate. They added a new Georgian front to the older house creating a long T shape. 

It was bought in 2016 by the *Commane* family, who began restoring the house and grounds.

## Folklore 
There are several local stories linked with the area. One tale speaks of a mermaid said to live in Killone Lake. Another old legend tells of an underground river somewhere between Ennis and Lisdoonvarna.

## Killone Abbey 
Killone Abbey stands on the edge of the estate. It was founded in 1190 for Augustinian nuns. The ruins include the church walls, tower, and small burial ground. The abbey is visited often by walkers and local people. Nearby is the Holy Well of St John the Baptist that is said to help bad eyesight.

## Wellness retreat 
In November 2025, planning permission was granted to convert old stables on the estate into a mindfulness and wellness retreat, with a reception, ten new apartments, studios, treatment rooms, courtyard, kitchen and cafe.

## See also 
* Ennis
* County Clare

## References
All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office

The **All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office** (**AARO**) is an office that investigates unidentified flying objects. Its first director was Sean M. Kirkpatrick, who left office on December 1, 2023.

The AARO works with the NASA Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Independent Study Team from time to time. The AARO has not found alien technology.

## Related pages
*NASA
*United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence

## References
Odynophobia

**Odynophobia**, also known as **algophobia**, is an irrational fear of pain.

It is classified as a specific phobia. This condition can significantly impact a person's daily life and well-being. 

People with odynophobia may experience a range of symptoms when confronted with the idea of pain or when facing situations that could result in discomfort. These symptoms can include intense anxiety or panic attacks, avoidance of medical or dental appointments, and fear of physical activities that might result in injury.

Physical symptoms can occur, such as sweating, trembling, or increased heart rate when thinking about pain.
George Stephen Morrison

**George Stephen Morrison** (January 7, 1919 – November 17, 2008) was a United States Navy rear admiral (upper half) and naval aviator. Morrison held significant commands of United States naval forces during the Vietnam War. He was the father of Jim Morrison, the lead singer of the Doors.

## Early life and education
Born January 7, 1919, in Rome, Georgia, Morrison was the son of Caroline (*née* Hoover; 1891–1984) and Paul Raymund Morrison (1886–1971), and raised in Leesburg, Florida. The Morrison family descended from Scottish settlers who emigrated to America in the late 18th century. Accordingly, Morrison said that his family was originally from the Outer Hebrides, and claimed direct descent from Robert the Bruce. The family had also Irish ancestry, with roots tracing back to County Cork.

Morrison entered the U.S. Naval Academy in 1938, graduated in 1941, and was commissioned an ensign. Sent to Hawaii, he joined the crew of the destroyer retrieved April 8, 2008. On December 7, 1941, Morrison witnessed the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Stefan Bozhkov

**Stefan Bozhilov Stefanov** (; 20 September 1923 – 1 February 2014) was a Bulgarian footballer and manager. He was capped 53 times for Bulgaria between 1946 and 1958, scoring four goals and winning a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics. 

## Honours
### International
;Bulgaria
*Olympic Bronze Medal: 1956

## References
## Other websites
* Profile
Ernesto Grillo

**Ernesto Grillo** (1 October 1929 – 18 June 1998) was an Argentine footballer. He played as a midfielder for Independiente and Boca Juniors in Argentina, and AC Milan in Italy. He was also capped 20 times for Argentina and played in two South American Championships, including the 1955 edition, which Argentina won.

Grillo died on 18 June 1998, at the age of 68.

; Boca Juniors
*Primera División: 1962,

; Argentina
*South American Championship: 1955

## References
## Other websites
* 
* RedArgentina.com 
* Entry in the AFA Hall of Fame 
*
Ernesto Cucchiaroni

**Ernesto Bernardo "Tito" Cucchiaroni** (16 November 1927 &ndash; 4 July 1971) was an Argentine footballer. He played as a left winger for Rivadavia de Lincoln, Tigre and Boca Juniors in in Argentina, and for Sampdoria and AC Milan in Italy. He was also capped 11 times for Argentina and played in two South American Championships, including the 1955 edition, which Argentina won.

## Honours
;A.C. Milan
* Serie A: 1956–57

;Argentina
* Copa América: 1955

## References
Caspar Memering

**Caspar Memering** (born 1 June 1953) is a former German professional footballer. He made 320 Bundesliga appearances as a midfielder for Hamburger SV and Schalke 04. He was also capped three times for West Germany, and won the 1980 UEFA European Championship with them. Memering won three caps.

## Honours 
;Hamburger SV
* Bundesliga: 1978–79, 1981–82
* DFB-Pokal: 1975–76
* UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1976–77
* European Cup: runner-up 1979–80
* UEFA Cup: runner-up 1981–82

;West Germany
* UEFA European Championship: 1980

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
List of kings of Transylvania

On 29 August 1526, Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia died in the Battle of Mohács, around 19,000 soldiers were killed, 10,000 captured and 2,000 prisoners executed; when John Zápolya was proclaimed King of Hungary, Ferdinand from the House of Habsburg also claimed the throne, John received support from Suleiman the Magnificent.
Joseíto

**José Iglesias Fernández** (23 December 1926 – 12 July 2007), nicknamed **Joseíto**, was a Spanish footballer and manager. As a player, he notably played for Real Madrid, where he scored 77 goals in 177 matches, and won four European Cup. He was also capped one time for Spain, in a 2–2 friendly draw against West Germany.

Joseíto died in Granada, Andalusia on 12 July 2007, after having a second stroke in six years. He was 80 years old.

## Honours
;Valladolid
*Tercera División: 1945–46, 1946–47

;Salamanca
*Tercera División: 1947–48

;Racing Santander
*Segunda División: 1949–50

;Real Madrid
*La Liga: 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58
*European Cup: 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59
*Latin Cup: 1955, 1957

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*National team data 
*
Héctor Rial

**José Héctor Rial Laguía** (14 October 1928 – 24 February 1991) was an Argentine-Spanish footballer and manager. As a player, he played as a forward for Real Madrid between 1954 and 1961, and helped them win five European Cups in a row. He was capped five times by Spain between 1955 and 1958.

## International goals
## Honours
;Nacional
* Primera División Uruguaya: 1952

;Real Madrid
*La Liga: 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61
*European Cup: 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60
* Intercontinental Cup: 1960
* Latin Cup: 1955, 1957

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Real Madrid profile 
*Héctor Rial at BDFutbol.com 
*Héctor Rial at Atilio.uy
The The

**The The** is an English rock band formed by Matt Johnson in 1979. Out of their 15 charting singles, seven reached the Top 40. Albums by The The include *MIND Bomb* and *Dusk*. Their newest album as of November 19, 2025 is *Ensoulment*.
Bicycle frame

hardtail mountain bike frame by Rocky Mountain Bicycles.]]
A **bicycle frame** is the main component of a bicycle where wheels and other parts attach. The most common frame design is the diamond frame, made of two triangles, a main triangle and a rear triangle. Frames must be strong, stiff, and light, achieved through various materials and shapes. A frameset includes the frame, fork, and sometimes the headset and seat post, often built as a paired set.

## Variants 
In addition to the diamond frame, Another similar style is the mixte.

### Cantilever 
In a cantilever bicycle frame, the seat stays curve down to meet the down tube. These frames are popular on cruisers, lowriders, and wheelie bikes, with only the seat tube and head tube being straight.

### Recumbent 
The recumbent bicycle positions the cranks forward of the rider, enhancing the slipstream without the sharp bend at the waist seen in diamond-frame bikes. Banned in France in 1934 to protect diamond-frame bikes, recumbent bicycle manufacturing remained low for decades, but by 2000, many models became available from various manufacturers.

### Prone 
The uncommon prone bike places the cranks behind the rider, creating a head-forward, chest-down position.

### Cross 
A cross frame mainly has two tubes forming a cross, a seat tube from the bottom bracket to the saddle and a backbone from the head tube to the rear hub.

### Truss 
A truss frame uses extra tubes to form a truss, like Humbers, Pedersens, and the one pictured.

### Monocoque 
A monocoque frame is a hollow shell without internal structure.

### Folding 
Folding bicycle frames can compactly fold for transport or storage.

### Penny-farthing 
Penny-farthing frames have a large front wheel and a small rear wheel.

### Tandem and sociable 
Tandem and sociable frames support multiple riders.

## References
Bad Hair Day

***Bad Hair Day*** is an album made by "Weird Al" Yankovic, released on March 12, 1996.

The album had a number of hit comedy singles; lead single "Amish Paradise", which makes fun of both Coolio's "Gangsta's Paradise" and the Amish lifestyle, charted at No. 53 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, while "Gump", which parodies "Lump" by the Presidents of the United States of America and the movie *Forrest Gump*, reached at No. 102.

The album also includes style parodies of artists like They Might Be Giants and Elvis Costello. "Amish Paradise" caused a small controversy, where Coolio was angry at having his song parodied by Yankovic, although the two later made up.

*Bad Hair Day* sold 1,317,000 copies in the U.S. in 1996 alone, the highest sales for any comedy album in a single calendar year since Nielsen SoundScan. Bad Hair Day also made Platinum in Canada by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA).
Florian Sturm

**Florian Sturm** (* 6 May 1982 in Wörgl) is a former Austrian football player.
## Career 
Sturm began his career at the BNZ Tirol youth academy . Then he played in  the youth ranks of SV Wörgl and securing a professional contract with FC Tirol.  There he was unable to establish himself in the first team.

To gain match experience, he was loaned to WSG Wattens for the second half of the 2000/01 season. Following strong performances during this period, Tirol received an offer from then-first-division side SW Bregenz, which he accepted. In Bregenz, he finally made his breakthrough. He was moved from striker to left wing. This resulted in a significant improvement in his performance. As a regular starter, Sturm played twenty games, scoring five goals. 

He went to SK Rapid Wien for the 2002/03 season. There he played three solid seasons, culminating in the league title in the 2004/05 season. His first stint abroad was with SpVgg Greuther Fürth in the German second division. The spell proved extremely unhappy for him. He failed to secure a regular starting position and only made three appearances. Consequently, his contract was mutually terminated in the winter.

He then signed with the struggling FC Wacker Innsbruck in his hometown as a free agent. Having arrived from Germany without any match practice, he struggled to find his form and only played six games, scoring one goal. For the 2006/07 season, he accepted a contract offer from Swiss second-division club FC Vaduz. He became a key player for the team, scoring fourteen goals in two years. In the 2007/08 season, Vaduz won the Challenge League title and were promoted to the Axpo Super League for the first time in the club's history. After promotion, Vaduz began to rejuvenate their squad, and as a result, Sturm, despite his strong performances in the previous two years, was not offered a new contract. Once again without a club, he received an offer for a trial from the new Milton Keynes coach, the Swiss-Italian Roberto Di Matteo. Sturm accepted and impressed. In January 2009, after only four brief appearances, Sturm was declared a free agent. 

In May 2009, Sturm signed a one-year contract with an option for a second year with Austrian Bundesliga club SV Ried for the 2009/10 season. He spent the 2010/11 season with FC Vaduz in the Challenge League. After playing for First Vienna FC and SV Wörgl he ended his career in 2013.
## International 
Due to his strong performances for Bregenz, Sturm was also called up to the Austrian U-21 national team. He played the majority of his matches in the qualifying rounds for the 2004 UEFA European Under-21 Championship in Germany, for which Austria ultimately failed to qualify.
Victoria Repa

**Victoria Repa** (; born November 14, 1992) is a Ukrainian businesswoman and technology entrepreneur. She is the founder and CEO of , a health and fitness company. She is also a writer for international magazines.

## Early life and education 
Victoria Repa was born in a village near Donetsk, Ukraine. In 2014, she studied at . After the war in Donbass started, she moved to Kyiv. She received a scholarship to study business and financial economics at the Kyiv School of Economics.

## Career 
Repa first worked as a financial analyst at Procter & Gamble. There, she helped create fitness apps for the U.S. market.

In 2017, she started BetterMe. Repa is the CEO of the company.

In 2022, she became a certified health coach. In 2023, she became a certified Pilates instructor. She also started a scholarship program for health coach training. She also partnered with Esper Bionics and Future for Ukraine to make workouts for people with amputations.

Repa is a writer for Forbes, Fast Company, Newsweek, and Entrepreneur.

## Awards 
* 2020 – Forbes 30 Under 30 Europe (Technology)
* 2022 – Entrepreneur of 2022 by *Forbes* *Ukraine*
* 2023 – WIBA Awards Honoree

## References
Benson Taylor

**Benson Taylor**  (born **Mark Davison** 10 September 1983) is an English composer, producer, and humanitarian. He’s known for making music for *The Big Bang Theory*, *Orange Is the New Black*, *London Fields*, and the Mexican movie *The Perfect Dictatorship*. He received an honorary doctorate in 2016 for his work in music and charity.

In 2017, he launched A Remarkable Idea, a small label under Universal Music, based in Santa Monica and London. He has worked with many artists, including Kairos 4Tet, The Hallé Orchestra, Maxïmo Park, Kele Okereke, Good Charlotte’s Billy Martin.

He won “Best Original Music” at the 2014 Monaco International Film Festival. He wrote the music for *London Fields* in 2018 and Chick Fight in 2020. He also co-wrote songs with Bones UK and worked as an executive producer.

Taylor is a goodwill ambassador for CAFOD and the Cambodian Children’s Trust, and a patron of Music and the Deaf. He was also named the first ambassador of Leeds Conservatoire in United Kingdom.

He DJs on the LA radio station Dublab and appears as a guest DJ on NTS Radio in London.

## References
Leptodactylus bufonius

'''Vizcacheras' white-lipped frog'* (*Leptodactylus bufonius'') is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina.

## Home
These frogs live in many kinds of places, for example the Amazonia, Pantanal, and Cerrado places. This frog is good at living in places that people have changed. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 800 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in many protected places: Mburucuyá, Río Pilcomayo, Defensores del Chaco, and Copo national parks and Salinas Grandes, Chancani, and Loro Hablador provincial parks.

## Young
The male frogs dig holes for the eggs. They dig the holes near ponds.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, frogs might be in danger when human beings change the places where the frog lives to make farms. The chemicals from the farms can hurt the frog.

## References
Boron arsenide

**Boron arsenide** is a chemical compound made of boron and arsenic, with chemical formula . In theory, it would be a III-V semiconductor, and might work better than other semiconductors than silicon or gallium arsenide. It is not used outside research because it is hard to make high-quality boron arsenide with the right crystal structure.

## Sources
2025 St. Louis tornado

The May 16th Tornado was in St. Louis. It killed 6 people and damaged lots of homes. It was rated an EF3 and caused 1.6 billion dollars in damage. Homes are still damaged. The tornado was the first deadly tornado in St. Louis since 1959.

## References
Jamal Raisani

**Nawabzada Jamal Khan Raisani,** is a Pakistani politician who has been a  Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since 29 February 2024.

Previously, he served as Caretaker Provincial Minister of Balochistan for Sports and Culture from August 2023 to December 2023.

## Political career 
He became the Caretaker Provincial Minister of Balochistan for Sports and Culture in September 2023. He resigned on 15 December 2023 to contest the 2024 Pakistani general election.

He elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Quetta NA-264 as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), he received  10,678 and defeat Akhtar Mengal of BNP.

## References
Thangyi Khongjromba

**Thangyi Khongjromba** () or **Khongji Nunglaiba** () was a ruler of the Chenglei dynasty of Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). He is important in early Manipuri literature and folklore, especially in the story of Chengleiron (). His reign includes tales of conflicts within the royal family, unusual events, and the rise of important heirs who shaped the histories of the Chenglei kingdom and Meitei kingdom.

## Role within the Chenglei dynasty 
Thangyi Khongjromba is portrayed as a strong and respected leader of the Chengleis. His reign is noted for effective leadership and remarkable legendary events. Chengleiron mentions that he oversaw the building of earthworks to defend his territory. During one of these projects, a significant event in his family’s history took place.

## Birth of a son 
While King Khongjromba was away with his soldiers, his wife Penu Leimaren (), the daughter of Soraren (), gave birth to a boy named Chingjen Naran Panganba (). Despite being newly born and still connected to his mother by the umbilical cord, the infant started his journey to find his father. When they met, the boy showed incredible strength by helping with construction, lifting heavy dirt, and even pulling up a large tree. These feats amazed the king, who tried to persuade his son to stay. However, the boy continued westward, seeking new adventures. His name eventually became a symbol of great power in Manipuri culture. This event connected the royal lines of the Chenglei dynasty and Meitei dynasty.

Khongjromba's second wife gave birth to Thangyi Taobung Khongdouba (). He then married a Luwang princess named Toibi Leima (). Their story is known for its deep emotions. After having two sons, Toibi Leima fell ill and went back to her parents’ home because her husband neglected her. Once she recovered, Khongdouba forcefully took her back after running into her during a hunting trip and being drawn to her renewed beauty.

## Legacy 
Thangyi Khongjromba's influence remains evident in the stories found in Chengleiron, one of the oldest works of Manipuri literature. The story blends historical facts and mythical aspects, making it crucial for future literary traditions in Manipur. His descendants played a major role in shaping the region's royal families.

The tale of Khongjromba and his family is often told or sung, ending with traditional prayers to the divine. His reign illustrates the intricate mix of myth, political story, and cultural history that defines early Manipuri stories.

## Related pages 
* Ancestors of Meitei confederacy
* Chenglei

## References 

## External links 
*
Helman Mkhalele

**Helman Nkosiyethu Mkhalele** (born 20 October 1969) is a South African former soccer player who played as a midfielder.  Revered for his explosive pace and dazzling dribbling skills, Mkhalele played a crucial role in South Africa's spirited performances, bringing flair and attacking prowess to the squad. His relentless energy and ability to glide past defenders made him a constant threat on the wings. With standout performances that showcased his talent and passion for the game, Mkhalele remains a beloved figure in the hearts of Bafana Bafana fans. His nickname was Midnight Express. They gave him this name because he was black and fast. Widely regarded as one of the best South African football players ever. 

## Club career
He made his debut in adult football in 1990 with performances for the team of the club "Jomo Cosmos", in which he spent two seasons, taking part in 97 league matches. With his play for this team, he attracted the attention of representatives of the coaching staff of the Orlando Pirates club, which he joined in 1993. He played for the team from the suburbs of Johannesburg for the next four seasons of his playing career. During 1997-1998, he defended the colors of the Kayserispor team. In 1998, he signed a contract with the Ankaragucu club, where he spent the next two years of his playing career. Most of the time spent with Ankaragucu, he was the main player of the team. Subsequently, from 2001 to 2005, he played as part of the teams of the clubs Göztepe and Malatyaspor. In 2005, he returned to the Jomo Cosmos club, for which he played 3 seasons. He finished his professional career as a football player with performances for the Jomo Cosmos team in 2008.

## International career
Mkhalele played 66 times for South Africa's national football team and scored 8 goals. He was also part of the squad that traveled to France in 1998 for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In 1996, he was part of the Bafana squad that won the 1996 Africa Cup of Nations. He made his debut against Ghana on November 26, 1994, when he was 25 years and 37 days old. He played his last international match on 5 May 2001 against Zimbabwe when he was 31 years and 197 days. His international career lasted 6 years and 160 days. 

There are several neighbourhoods in South Africa that are named after him; one suburb is Mkhelele (also called Evaton West) in Evaton which is located in the south of Johannesburg. 

## After retirement
Mkhalele got a job as a facilitator at KBC Health and Safety Company. He owned a furniture business, and acquired a teachers' diploma at the Soweto College. He also became coach of the National under 20 coach football team.

There are several neighbourhoods in South Africa that are named after him; one suburb is Mkhelele (also called Evaton West) in Evaton which is located in the south of Johannesburg. 

## Honours
### Club
*South African Championship (NSL): 1994
*South African Cup: 1990, 1996
*South African League Cup: 2005
*CAF Champions League: 1995
*CAF Super Cup: 1996

### International
*1996 African Cup of Nations
*1998 African Cup of Nations: Runner-up
*2000 African Cup of Nations: Third place

## References
Otacílio Gonçalves

**Otacílio Gonçalves da Silva Junior** (16 June 1940 – 18 November 2025) was a Brazilian football manager.

Otacílio Gonçalves won the Campeonato Gaúcho twice, with Internacional in 1984 and Grêmio in 1988, and the Campeonato Paranaense four times, with Atlético Paranaense in 1985, with Pinheiros in 1987, and with Paraná in 1991 and 1995.

Otacílio Gonçalves died in Porto Alegre, Brazil on 18 November 2025 at the age of 85.

## References
Alevtina Olyunina

**Alevtina Sergeyevna Olyunina** (; 15 August 1942 – 18 November 2025) was a Soviet cross-country skier. She competed during the early 1970s. She won two medals at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo with a gold in the 3&nbsp;×&nbsp;5&nbsp;km relay and a silver in the 10&nbsp;km. She was born in Pchyolkino, Kostroma Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR.

Olyunina also won two gold medals at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships.

Olyunina died on 18 November 2025 at the age of 83.

## References
Sven Lindman

**Sven Henrik Lindman** (19 April 1942 – 17 November 2025) was a Swedish footballer. He played mainly for Djurgårdens IF. He played there between 1965 and 1980 and set a club record by making 312 appearances in Allsvenskan. He also played for the Sweden men's national football team from 1967 until 1974, making 21 appearances.

Lindman died on 17 November 2025 at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Jill Damatac

**Jill Damatac** (born Manila) is a Filipino American writer.

She studied at the University of the Arts London and at the University of Cambridge.

Her writing has appeared in *The New York Times*, *Condé Nast Traveler*, ''Harper's Bazaar*, and *British Vogue''.

## Works 
* 

## References
Sunulembi

**Sunulembi ()** is a central figure in the 18th-century Meitei literary work Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba. She is depicted as the devoted wife of Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba and is celebrated for her courage, steadfastness, and profound love.

## Background 
Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba is an anonymous work from the 18th century. The story is set in the region of Moirang and centers on the love between Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba and Sunulembi. Though the work is named after Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba, much of the narrative highlights Sunulembi’s role and character.

## Early life 
Sunulembi was the daughter of Thongnang Loikemba, who was of Cachari origin. Her early life is not described in detail, but she is introduced as a young woman of notable beauty and character.

## Marriage to Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba 
Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba, the son of King Thangwai Koting Ahanba and Queen Leima Thammoilengpi, fell in love with Sunulembi at first sight. They were formally engaged and married in a grand ceremony. The union is depicted as one of true love and devotion, but it was also challenged by divine will.

## Divine challenges 
According to the story, Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba was destined by Soraren, the god of heaven, to have a short life and to be nourished only with divine food. When the young couple ascended toward heaven together, they faced several obstacles:

* They first reached a realm under deep flood waters, where Sunulembi insisted on accompanying her husband.

* They encountered a swarm of snakes that threatened their progress, which they overcame through courage and Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba’s intervention.

* When they reached the abode of Soraren, they were initially forbidden to enter because a worldly couple could not live in heaven.

Sunulembi demonstrated extraordinary devotion and courage, resisting all threats posed by the god, including a wild boar, a tiger, floods, fire, and even a hill-kite. Her determination and unwavering love ultimately persuaded Soraren to restore her husband to her and grant him the kingdom of Moirang.

## Character and legacy 
Sunulembi is portrayed as calm, composed, and steadfast in love. She is described as a symbol of devoted and fearless love, often compared favorably with legendary figures such as Savitri and Orpheus. Her courage and devotion are central to the narrative, and the story highlights her as a heroic figure who overcomes divine obstacles to remain with her husband.

## Cultural significance 
The story of Sunulembi shows elements of the society of ancient Moirang. It shows social customs, such as marriage arrangements and parental involvement, as well as personal qualities like loyalty, courage, and devotion. Sunulembi’s character has been recognized as a literary example of heroic and devoted love in Meitei culture.

## Related pages 
* Nungpan Ponpi Luwaopa
* Henjunaha
* Orpheus and Eurydice
* Izanami and Izanagi

## References
Paul Ekman

**Paul Ekman** (February 15, 1934 &ndash; November 17, 2025) was an American psychologist and researcher. He was a professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco. He was known for his works about the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions. He was named 59th out of the 100 most important psychologists of the twentieth century in 2002 by the *Review of General Psychology*. His life's work is the inspiration for the crime drama series *Lie to Me*.

Ekman died on November 17, 2025 at his home in San Francisco, California at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
* Official site
* A biography from Lifeboat Foundation site
* The Naked Face, Gladwell.com
* Interview (History Channel transcript)
* Greater Good Magazine: Interview between Ekman and daughter Eve on parent-child trust
Adelphi University

**Adelphi University** is a private university in Garden City, New York, United States. Adelphi also has buildings in Downtown Brooklyn, Hudson Valley, and Suffolk County. They also have a virtual, online campus for students. As of 2019, it had about 7,859 undergraduate and graduate students.

## References
Facial expression

**Facial expression** is the motion of the muscles beneath the skin of the face. These movements can create the emotional status of a person to people watching them and are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a main way for showing social information between humans, but they also happen in most other mammals and some other animal species.

## References
George Dunne

**George W. Dunne** (February 20, 1913 &ndash; May 28, 2006) was an American Democratic Party politician from Chicago. He was president of the Cook County Board of Commissioners from 1969 to 1991.

Dunne died on May 28, 2006 on his farm in Hebron, Illinois at the age of 93. 

The Cook County Administration Building at 69 West Washington Street was renamed in his honor.

## References
Warwood, West Virginia

**Warwood** is a neighborhood of the city of Wheeling in Ohio County, West Virginia, United States. It is at an elevation of 673&nbsp;feet (205&nbsp;m). Warwood was named for the Warwood Tool Company. It was founded by Henry Warwood of Martins Ferry, Ohio in 1854.

## References
Cook County Board of Commissioners

The **Cook County Board of Commissioners** is a lesgislative body made up of 17 commissioners who are elected by district, and a president who is elected county-wide, all for four-year terms.  Cook County is the United States' second most populous county, with a population of 5.2 million residents, and the city of Chicago as the county seat. The county board makes policy and laws for the county about property, public health services, public safety, and maintenance of county highways. 

It is led by its president and the county's chief executive, currently Toni Preckwinkle.

## List of presidents
## References
Maria Pappas

**Maria Pappas** (born June 7, 1949) is an American lawyer and politician who has been the Cook County Treasurer since 1998. Before, she was a member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners from 1990 to 1998. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Pappas ran for the United States Senate in 2004, losing the Democratic nomination to Barack Obama. She thought about running for Mayor of Chicago in 2011, but chose not to run. Pappas thought running for mayor again in 2019 after Mayor Rahm Emanuel dropped out, but decided not to in the end.

In November 2025, Pappas announced her candidacy for mayor of Chicago in the 2027 election, running against incumbent Mayor Brandon Johnson.

## References
Cook County Administration Building

The **George W. Dunne Cook County Administration Building**, formerly known as the **Brunswick Building**, is a skyscraper at 69 West Washington Street in Chicago, Illinois. The building was built between the years 1962 and 1964. It is 475 ft (144.8 m) tall, and has 35 floors. It has a concrete structure. The building, engineered by Fazlur Khan of the firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, is known for its the tube-within-a-tube structure system.

## References
Costa Pereira

**Alberto da Costa Pereira** (22 December 1929 – 25 October 1990) was a Portuguese footballer. He played as a goalkeeper mainly for SL Benfica, where he played 358 total matches and won two European Cups, and reached two more finals. He was capped 22 times for Portugal between 1955 and 1965. He also helped them to qualify for the 1966 FIFA World Cup, but was not called up to the tournament.

Costa Pereira died in Lisbon on 25 October 1990, at the age of 60.

## Honours
;Benfica
*Primeira Liga: 1954–55, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67
*Taça de Portugal: 1954–55, 1956–57, 1958–59, 1961–62, 1963–64
*Taça de Honra (1) 1962

;Individual
*World Soccer World XI: 1965

## References
## Other websites
*
*
2027 Chicago mayoral election

The **2027 Chicago mayoral election** will be held on February 23, 2027, to elect the mayor of Chicago. If no candidate win a majority of votes, a runoff election will be held on April 6, 2027. 

## Candidates
### Declared 
### Expressed interest 
*Rahm Emanuel, former mayor (2011–2019), senior advisor to Bill Clinton (1993–1998), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from IL–5 (2003–2009), White House Chief of Staff (2009–2010), and U.S. ambassador to Japan (2022–2025)
*Susana Mendoza, Illinois comptroller (2016–present), former member of the Illinois House of Representatives (2001–2011) and Chicago city clerk (2011–2016), and 2019 mayoral candidate

### Potential
The following individuals have received media speculation as being prospective candidates:
*Kam Buckner, member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 26th district (2019–present), 2023 mayoral candidate
*Alexi Giannoulias,  treasurer of Illinois (2007–2011), Illinois secretary of state (2023–present) and 2010 Democratic nominee for U.S. Senate
*Raymond Lopez, Chicago City Council alderman from the 15th ward (2015–present) and 2023 mayoral candidate
*Lisa Madigan, former attorney general of Illinois (2003–2019) and member of the Illinois Senate from the 17th district (1999–2003)
*Brendan Reilly, Chicago City Council alderman from the 42nd ward (2007–present), president pro tempore of the Chicago City Council (2019–2023) and vice Mayor of Chicago (2015–2019)
*Silvana Tabares, member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 21st district (2013–2018) and Chicago City Council alderman from the 23rd ward (2018–present)
*Andre Vasquez, Chicago City Council alderman from the 40th ward (2019–present)
*Gilbert Villegas, Chicago City Council alderman from the 36th ward (2015–present)

## References
Cook County State's Attorney

The '''Cook County State's Attorney''' is the chief prosecutor for Cook County, Illinois. The State's Attorney looks over the second-largest prosecutor's office in the United States, with over 600 attorneys and 1,200 employees. 

The State's Attorney is elected for a term of four years. The current incumbent is Eileen O'Neill Burke, who was first elected in 2024.

## List of state attorneys
## References
Anita Alvarez

**Anita M. Alvarez** (born January 16, 1960) is an American lawyer and politician who was the State's Attorney for Cook County, Illinois from 2008 to 2016. Alvarez was the first Hispanic woman elected to this role. She was the first Latina to win the Democratic nomination for state's attorney of Cook County.

## References
Eileen O'Neill Burke

'''Eileen O'Neill Burke''' (born 1965) is an American lawyer, politician, and former judge who has been the Cook County State's Attorney since 2024. She was a justice on the Illinois First District Appellate Court and a judge on the Circuit Court of Cook County.

## References
Circuit Court of Cook County

is the main courthouse, and one of six courthouses for the County]]

The **Circuit Court of Cook County** is the largest of the 25 circuit courts in the judiciary of Illinois as well as one of the largest unified court systems in the United Statessecond only in size to the Superior Court of Los Angeles County.

The modern Cook County Circuit Court was created through a 1964 amendment to the Illinois Constitution which reorganized the courts of Illinois. 

More than 2.4 million cases are filed every year. To make work easier, the Circuit Court of Cook County is organized into three departments: County, Municipal, and Juvenile Justice and Child Protection.

## References
List of presidents of the Cook County Board of Commissioners

The **President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners** is the chief executive of county government in Cook County, Illinois. They are the head of the Cook County Board of Commissioners.  The president is chosen in a county-wide general election for a 4-year term, without term limits.

## List
## Notes
## References
Germano de Figueiredo

**Germano Luís de Figueiredo** (23 December 1932 – 14 July 2004), simply known as **Germano**, was a Portuguese footballer. He mainly played as a central defender for Atlético Clube de Portugal and SL Benfica, where he won two European Cups. He was capped 24 tiemes for Portugal, and played for them at the 1966 FIFA World Cup.

Germano died on 14 July 2004 in Linda-a-Velha, at the age of 71.

## Honours
;Atlético
*Segunda Liga: 1958–59
*Taça de Portugal: 1961–62, 1963–64
*Taça de Honra (2)

## References
## External links
*
*
*
Cook County Treasurer

The **Cook County treasurer** is the treasurer of county government in Cook County, Illinois.

The Cook County treasurer looks over the second-largest system of property tax collection and distribution in the United States. The office was created in 1831, and since 1835 has been an elected role. Its elected terms were two years in length at first.

As of 2022, the salary paid to the elected Cook County treasurer is $115,500.

## List of treasurers
## References
Brian K. Hopkins

**Brian K. Hopkins** (born November 8, 1961) is a Democratic politician who has been a member of the Chicago City Council representing the 2nd ward since 2015. Before, he was Chief of Staff to Cook County Commissioner John P. Daley.

## References
Janice K. Jackson

**Janice K. Jackson** (born May 22, 1977) is an American educator, educational administrator and former schools superintendent. Jackson was the CEO of the Chicago Public Schools from December 8, 2017, until June 30, 2021.

## References
Bill Conway (politician)

**William Elias "Bill" Conway III** (born May 8, 1978) is an American politician, attorney, businessman, and military veteran. He is the alderman for the 34th ward in the Chicago City Council since 2023. He was an assistant state's attorney for Cook County, Illinois. He is an adjunct professor at DePaul University. He unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic Party's primary for Cook County state’s attorney in 2020.

## References
Silvana Tabares

**Silvana Tabares** (born January 7, 1979) is an American politician who has been a member of the Chicago City Council from the 23rd ward since 2018. Before, she was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from January 2013 until 2018.

## References
## Other websites
*Representative Silvana Tabares (D)  at the Illinois General Assembly
* 
*Rep. Silvana Tabares  at Illinois House Democrats
Brendan Reilly (politician)

**Brendan Reilly** (born December 26, 1971) is an American politician who has been a member of the Chicago City Council from the 42nd ward since 2007. He was Vice Mayor of Chicago, being elected to that position by the Chicago City Council, from 2015 to 2019. From May 2019 to May 2023, he was President *pro tempore* of the Council.

## References
Pedro Martinez (school administrator)

**Pedro Martinez** (born 1969/1970) is a Mexican-American school administrator who has been the Commissioner of Elementary and Secondary Education in Massachusetts since 2025. Before, he was the CEO of Chicago Public Schools from 2021 to 2025. Before working in Chicago, he was a superintendent of the San Antonio Independent School District and superintendent of the Washoe County School District.

## References
Gilbert Villegas

**Gilbert Villegas** (born October 26, 1970) is an American politician who has been a member of the Chicago City Council for the city's 36th ward since 2015. Before, he was the chief of staff of the Illinois Capital Development Board.

In November 2021, Villegas announced his candidacy for Illinois's 3rd congressional district in the 2022 election. He lost the Democratic nomination to Delia Ramirez.

## References
Andre Vasquez

**Andre Vasquez** (born May 21, 1979) is an American politician, community organizer, and former rapper. He is currently serving in the Chicago City Council as alderperson for the 40th ward since 2019. He won the election after beating incumbent Patrick O'Connor. Since 2023, he has served as co-chair of the Progressive Caucus.

## References
Nicholas Sposato

**Nicholas Sposato** (born October 7, 1958) is an American politician who has been on the Chicago City Council since 2011. 

Before being elected to City Council, Sposato was a firefighter for 18 years.

Sposato has multiple sclerosis and uses a wheelchair.

## References
Byron Sigcho-Lopez

**Byron Sigcho-Lopez** (born July 7, 1983) is an Ecuadorian-American politician and community activist who has been a member of the Chicago City Council since 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Socialists of America. He was elected as 25th Ward Democratic Committeeperson in 2020.

## References
Homer Glen, Illinois

**Homer Glen** is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States, with a small part in Cook County.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 24,543.  It is  southwest of downtown Chicago.

## References
Jim Gardiner (Chicago politician)

**James M. Gardiner** (born April 17, 1976) is an American politician and firefighter who has been the alderman for the 45th ward in the Chicago City Council since 2019. Gardiner is a firefighter with the Chicago Fire Department, but has taken a break since becoming alderman.

Gardiner is a member of the Democratic Party, but was an independent before 2019.

In November 2020, Gardiner was sued for abuse of power and false arrest of a ward resident. The lawsuit said that Gardiner used his powers as an alderman to have a construction worker arrested.

Federal officials are investigating if Gardiner has taken bribes during his time as alderman.

In September 2021, private text messages between Gardiner and Alderman Scott Waguespack revealed Gardiner using misogynistic language to describe Waguespack's female chief of staff.

## References
Magne Myrmo

**Magne Gunnbjørn Myrmo** (30 July 1943 – 19 November 2025) was a Norwegian cross-country skier. He competed during the 1970s. He won a silver medal at the 1972 Winter Olympics in the 50&nbsp;km.

Myrmo died on 19 November 2025 at a hospital in Bærum, Norway at the age of 82.

## References
John Roecker

**John Roecker** (born January 30, 1966) is an independent filmmaker who is associated with the punk subculture. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Roecker is probably best known for *Live Freaky! Die Freaky!,* a stop motion animated comedy based on the true crime book *Helter Skelter*.
Scott Waguespack

**Scott Waguespack** (born June 23, 1970) is an American politician and lawyer who has been a member of the Chicago City Council, representing the 32nd ward since May 2007. 

## References
## Other websites
*32nd Ward website
*Scott Waguespack political website
2014 Illinois gubernatorial election

The **2014 Illinois gubernatorial election** was held on November 4, 2014, to elect the governor and lieutenant governor of Illinois.

Incumbent Democratic governor Pat Quinn ran for re-election to a second full term in office. He narrowly won a full term in 2010. Quinn won the Democratic primary, while the Republicans chose businessman Bruce Rauner and the Libertarians nominated political activist Chad Grimm.

Rauner beat Quinn in the general election with 50.3% of the vote to Quinn's 46.4%, winning every county in the state except for Cook County, home to the city of Chicago and 40% of the state's residents. 

## References
Palatine Township, Illinois

**Palatine Township** is one of 29 townships in Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 114,403.

## References
2026 Illinois gubernatorial election

The **2026 Illinois gubernatorial election** will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the Governor of Illinois. Incumbent governor JB Pritzker is running for re-election to a third term in office.
**Running mate: Christian Mitchell, former Deputy Governor (2019–2023) and former state representative (2013–2019)
*Patricia Tillman, former candidate for Chicago City Council
**Running mate: Joseph Mosley
**Running mate: Aaron Del Mar, Palatine Township Highway Commissioner, chair of the Cook County Republican Party, and candidate for lieutenant governor in 2022
**Running mate: Carrie Mendoza, leader of FAIR In Medicine
*Rick Heidner, real estate developer and founder of Gold Rush Gaming
**Running mate: Christina Neitzke-Troike, Homer Glen mayor
**Running mate: Robert Renteria, author and businessman
*Joseph Severino, capital management professional, nominee for  in 2022 and independent candidate for in 2024
**Running mate: Rantch Isquith, bank examiner
*Max Solomon, attorney and candidate for governor in 2022
**Running mate: Geno Young, candidate for Illinois's 1st congressional district in 2022

#### Potential 
*Mary Miller, U.S. representative from  (2021–present)

#### Withdrawn 
*Phil Perez, member of the Posen Park District Commission

#### Declined 
*Scott Gartner, mayor of Antioch (2021–present)
*Darin LaHood, U.S. representative from  (2015–present) *(running for re-election)*
*Dan Ugaste, state representative from the 65th district (2019–present) *(running for re-election)*

## References
Hostel (movie series)

***Hostel*** is an American horror movie franchise directed by Eli Roth and produced by Quentin Tarantino. The series primarily focuses on themes of torture, revenge, and survival, often set in sinister and brutal environments.

## Movies 
The series includes three main movies:

* *Hostel* (2005)

* *Hostel: Part II* (2007)

* *Hostel: Part III* (2011)

## Reception 
The *Hostel* series sparked discussions about the portrayal of violence in cinema and its impact on audiences. While it garnered a strong following, it also faced criticism for its depictions of torture and the nature of horror. Overall, the franchise has left a significant mark on the horror genre, particularly regarding "torture porn" movies that emphasize graphic violence.