open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Southwestern Moundbuilders

The **Southwestern Moundbuilders** are the athletic teams that represent Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas. They are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). They compete in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC).

## Accomplishments
The school boasts the following accomplishments:
* 143 KCAC Championships in 10 different sports since 1960
* 15 NAIA All-America Scholar-Athletes in 2005–06
* SC finished 77th out of nearly 300 NAIA institutions in the United States Sports Academy Directors Cup for all sports in 2006.
* Seven KCAC Championships this past year in Softball, Men's Golf, Men's and Women's Track, Men's Basketball, and Men's and Women's Cross Country.
* NAIA Region IV titles in Men's Cross Country, Men's and Women's Golf to advance to NAIA National competition.
* Men's Basketball won the KCAC Post-Season tournament and advanced to the National Tournament.
* Women's Track and Men's Track each had National Champions in 2004.
* An SC student-athlete was featured in Sports Illustrated's "Faces in the Crowd" in 2006.
* Women's Tennis and Women's Cross Country were NAIA Region IV runners-up in 2005–06.
* In excess of 170 NAIA All-America Scholar Athletes since 1981, an honor requiring a 3.5 GPA.
* Women's Basketball advanced to the "Sweet 16" of the 2004 NAIA National Tournament.
* Conference champions in football in 1997, 1998, 1999.
* Men's and Women's soccer teams advanced to the semi-finals in the 2003 KCAC Post-Season tournament.

## References
AGCO

**AGCO Corporation** is an American agricultural equipment manufacturer. Their headquarters are in Duluth, Georgia, United States.

## History
AGCO was created in 1990 when executives at Deutz-Allis bought out Deutz-Allis North American operations from the parent corporation KHD (Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz). KHD was a German company that owned the Deutz-Fahr brand of agriculture equipment. KHD had bought parts of the Allis-Chalmers agricultural equipment business five years earlier.

In March 1991, AGCO bought the Hesston Corporation. Because of this, they gained hay and forage equipment as well as technologies such as the grain auger (used to unload grain quickly from combines), invented in 1947 by Lyle Yost. Hesston had a 50 percent joint venture with Case International, now a part of CNH Global. AGCO bought the White Tractor line from the Allied Corporation's White-New Idea company. In 1993, AGCO bought the rest of White-New Idea, gaining New Idea hay equipment and manure spreaders, and White planters. White New Idea had a big manufacturing plant in Coldwater, Ohio, USA.

In 2013, AGCO’s GSI acquired Johnson System, a manufacturer of catwalks and towers. 

In 2017, AGCO acquired Precision Planting, LLC, a planting equipment and technology business.

## References
## Other websites
* AGCO (official website)
* AGCO SEC Filings
Harold Hunt (coach)

**Harold Seymore Hunt** (December 12, 1907 – November 1, 1992) was an American football and basketball coach. He got nationwide exposure as an example of sportsmanship when he rejected a touchdown that would have won a game for his team.

## Football
Hunt was the 13th head football coach for the Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas. He was coach for three seasons, from 1949 to 1951, and compiled a record of 6–18–3

## Related pages
*1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game

## References
Independence Producers

The **Independence Producers** were a minor league baseball team based in Independence, Kansas, United States. They played from 1921 to 1925 and from 1928 to 1932. From 1921 to 1924, they played in the Southwestern League, and in 1925 they played in the Western Association. They played in the Western Association from 1928 to 1932 as well. The 1921 Producers were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time. Perhaps their most notable alumnus was Cy Blanton. Glenn Wright, another notable Producer, made an unassisted triple play when playing Major League Baseball in 1925.

## History
A historical marker says that the first night game in organized baseball was played in Independence on April 28, 1930, between the Independence Producers and the Muskogee Chiefs.

## References
Sterling Warriors

The **Sterling Warriors** are the athletic teams that represent Sterling College in Sterling, Kansas. They are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). They compete in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC).

## Football
Football at Sterling finished the 2009 season with a fourth-place finish in the conference. They had a 6–4 record.  Chuck Lambert is the program's current head coach, succeeding his brother Andy, the new coach at Southern Nazarene, Okla.  Notable former athletes include actor Clarence Gilyard.

During the 1905 season, the Coleman Company set up temporary gas-powered lighting for a night game against Fairmount College (now called Wichita State University). It was the first night football game played west of the Mississippi River. Fairmount won the game 24–0.

## References
1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game

The **1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game** was a college football game between the Central Missouri State Mules and the Southwestern Moundbuilders. It was played on September 14, 1951. The game was played at Sonner Stadium in Winfield, Kansas. The game is known for a team rejecting a touchdown awarded by the game officials.

Central Missouri's head coach Tate C. Page called it "the finest act of sportsmanship" that he ever saw. In the third quarter, Southwestern halfback Arthur Johnson completed a long run down the sidelines nearest Southwestern's bench. The referee signaled a touchdown. The crowd of 2,000 cheered.

Southwestern's head coach Harold Hunt ran out on the field to shout, "Southwestern rejects the touchdown!" He then told the officials that Johnson had stepped out of bounds. This would undo the touchdown. None of the referees had seen this happen, but they agreed to undo the touchdown. They put the ball back to the place where Coach Hunt said Johnson had stepped out. A photo of the run later showed Coach Hunt was correct. It was published in the Winfield Daily Courier.

Referee W. P. Astle noted that there had been only three officials at the game instead of the regulation four.  He later said, "If the fourth official had been present to cover what was impossible for me to cover ... I would never have discovered the ‘biggest’ man I ever met."

Southwestern's Coach Hunt was nominated for "Football's Man of the Year" by This Week magazine. This was because he showed so much sportsmanship.

## References
United States House Committee on Territories

The **United States House Committee on Territories** was a committee of the United States House of Representatives from 1825 to 1946 (19th to 79th Congresses). Its job was to report on a variety to topics related to the territories. This would include legislation about them, and their admission as new states.

## References
Gossens

**Gossens** was a municipality in Yverdon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It became part of neighbouring Donneloye on 1 January 2008.

It is on the main road between Yverdon and Moudon. The economy is mostly agricultural.

## References 
## Other websites
El Quartelejo Ruins

)]]
**El Quartelejo**, or **El Cuartelejo** (from Spanish *cuartelejo*, meaning *far quarter or district*), is the name given to the archeological ruins of the northernmost Indian pueblo. It is the only known pueblo in Kansas. It is in Lake Scott State Park. The ruins of the stone and adobe pueblo are north of Scott City, Kansas, on Ladder Creek.

## References
## Other websites
*El Quartelejo Museum - Local museum named after the ruins
*El Cuartelejo – “The Home Far Away”
*Text of highway historical marker
Parallel 36°30′ north

(green), and Kansas in center (white) with parallel 36°30′ north prominently indicated.]]

The **parallel 36°30′ north** is a circle of latitude that is 36 and one-half degrees north of the equator of the Earth. This parallel of latitude is very important in the history of the United States. This is because it was the line of the Missouri Compromise, which was used to divide the slave and free states west of the Mississippi River, with the exception of Missouri, which is mostly north of this parallel.
## Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 36°30′ north passes through:

:
Thierrens

**Thierrens** was a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become one new municipality called Montanaire.

## References 
## Other websites
Montilliez

**Montilliez** is a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the former municipalities of Dommartin, Naz, Poliez-le-Grand and Sugnens joined together to become one new municipality called Montilliez.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the municipality of Montilliez
William Levada

**William Joseph Levada** (June 15, 1936 &ndash; September 26, 2019) was an American  cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. 

From May 2005 until June 2012, he was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under Pope Benedict XVI. He was the Archbishop of Portland (Oregon) from 1986 to 1995, and then Archbishop of San Francisco from 1995 to 2005. 

Levada died on September 26, 2019, in Rome at the age of 83.

## References
1905 Washburn vs. Fairmount football game

The **1905 Washburn vs. Fairmount football game** was a college football game between Fairmount College (now called Wichita State University) and the Washburn Ichabods. It was played on December 25, 1905, in Wichita, Kansas. It was the first experiment with the forward pass. It was also the first experiment with the ten-yard requirement for first downs. It is unclear if the game was considered "regular season", "post season", or "exhibition" in classification.

## Game play
Fairmount college was coached by Willis Bates. The head coach for Washburn that season was John H. Outland. However, since he was officiating, it is likely that the coaching job was given to assistant coach (and next year's head coach) Garfield Weede. The game ended in a 0&ndash;0 tie.

The weather for the game were good, but neither side was able to get close to the other team's goal except by a punt. Only seven first downs were made the entire game—four by Washburn and three by Fairmount. Most of the game was played in the middle of the field. The fans were upset.

## New rule test
### Safer but not "conducive"
Both teams had played a previous game that same season. What made this second game different was that it was a test of a different way to play. During the game, each team's offense was required to gain ten yards in three downs instead of four to earn a new first down.

The experiment was considered a failure. Football legend John H. Outland officiated the game and said, "It seems to me that the distance required in three downs would almost eliminate touchdowns, except through fakes or flukes."  The *Los Angeles Times* said that there was much kicking and that the game was considered much safer than regular play, but that the new rule was not "conducive to the sport."

### Impact
Three days later, 62 schools met in New York City to discuss rule changes to make the game safer. As a result of that meeting, the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States, later named the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), was created. Several other rule changes were made to make the game safer for players, including the addition of the forward pass.

### First forward pass
In his history of the sport of football, David M. Nelson said that "the first forward passes were thrown at the end of the 1905 season in a game between Fairmount and Washburn colleges in Kansas."  Nelson says that Washburn did three passes, and Fairmount did two. Credit for the first pass goes to Fairmount's Bill Davis, who did a pass to Art Solter.

## References
Mézery-près-Donneloye

**Mézery-près-Donneloye** was a municipality in Yverdon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2008, it joined together with Donneloye and Gossens to become one municipality called Donneloye.

## References 
## Other websites
Washburn Ichabods

The **Washburn Ichabods** are the athletic teams that represent Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas. They are named after Ichabod Washburn. The Ichabods are a member of the NCAA Division II and the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association.

## Sports sponsored 
## References
AGA cooker

The **AGA cooker** is a heat storage stove and cooker. The heavy frame is made of cast iron and  absorbs heat from a low-intensity source. Originally, AGAs burnt coke or anthracite. Later versions used gas as the heat source.

The heat is used for cooking. It was invented and initially produced in Sweden. From 1957 all production has been in the United Kingdom.

The cast-iron parts were cast at the Coalbrookdale foundry in the 1940s.  They were still made there by the Aga Rangemaster Group until November 2017 when the company closed the site.

Owners often talk about how the AGA actually makes their homes more energy efficient. The AGA does a number of jobs: it replaces several radiators, a tumble dryer, electric kettle and toaster. It is not just a cooker.

The company which makes AGAs also makes other stoves, such as the Rayburn range.  It is the Aga Rangemaster Group, which was taken over by the US company Middleton Corporation in 2015.

## Related pages 
*Kitchen stove

## References
Berlin Tegel Airport

**Berlin Tegel Airport** ()  was the main international airport of Berlin, the capital of Germany. It formerly served West Berlin. The airport had the IATA Airport Code TXL. It was referred to as the "Frequent Flyer Airport".

The airport was named after Otto Lilienthal and was the fourth busiest airport in Germany, with 20.5 million passengers in 2017 and about 22 million in 2018. The airport was a hub for Eurowings as well as a base for EasyJet. It is in Tegel, a part of the northern borough of Reinickendorf,  northwest of the city centre of Berlin.

The airport had its last flight on 8 November 2020.  Traffic was redirected to the new Berlin Brandenburg Airport until this date. Tegel was decomissioned on 4 May 2021.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Topeka Constitution

The **Topeka Constitutional Convention** met from October 23 to Nov 11, 1855 in Topeka, Kansas Territory at Constitution Hall. It wrote the **Topeka Constitution** that would have made slavery in Kansas illegal. The convention was organized by Free-Staters to go against the pro-slavery Territorial legislature elected March 5, 1855. The territorial legislature was elected in polling that had a lot of electoral fraud and the intimidation of free state settlers.

The Topeka Constitution was the first effort to create a Kansas governmental structure and write its basis in law. Free-State people passed the constitution on December 15, 1855. The constitution was sent to Washington. They really wanted the U.S. Congress to pass it. President Pierce hated the document. It was presented in the Senate by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan and in the House by Representative Daniel of Indiana. It passed the House by two votes on July 2. However, it was held in committee by the Senate. On July 8, Senator Stephen A. Douglas took up the Topeka Constitution in a bill counter to Senator Cass. Cass sent the issue back to the people of Kansas to follow the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

## Related pages
*Lecompton Constitution
*Wyandotte Constitution
*Bleeding Kansas

## References
* Cutler, William G. (1883). "History of the State of Kansas".

## Other websites
* Transcript of PBS documentary
Bud Fowler

**John W. "Bud" Fowler** (March 16, 1858 – February 26, 1913) was an African-American baseball player, manager, and club organizer. He is the earliest known African-American player in organized professional baseball; that is, the major leagues and minor leagues.

## Early life
The son of a fugitive hop-picker and barber, Bud Fowler was christened John W. Jackson.

## Professional baseball career
### Early career
Fowler first played for an all-white professional team based out of New Castle, Pennsylvania in 1872. He was 14 years old. He is documented as playing for another professional team on July 21, 1877. He was 19. On April 24, 1878, he pitched a game for the Picked Nine, who defeated the Boston Red Caps, champions of the National League in 1877. He pitched some more for the Chelsea team, then finished that season with the Worcester club.

## References
Leavenworth Soldiers

The **Leavenworth Soldiers** was the first professional baseball team from Leavenworth, Kansas. The club played in the Western League from 1886 to 1888. Their first year, they tied the Lincoln Tree Planters for last place at 31-49. In 1887, the Soldiers were 27-27 when they disbanded on July 8 due to poor attendance. In 1888, Leavenworth returned to the loop and went 7-7 under L. M. Cretors. They were in second place when the league stopped operations on June 21. A J. Curran was leading the club in batting average at .300.

## References
**The Western League: A Baseball History, 1885 through 1999* by W.C. Madden and Patrick Stewart. .
Baseball color line

The **color line**, also known as the **color barrier**, in American baseball stopped players of black African descent from playing Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues until 1947 (with a few notable exceptions in the 19th century before the line was firmly established). Racial segregation in professional baseball was sometimes called a gentlemen's agreement. This means an understanding, as there was no written policy at the highest level of organized baseball, the major leagues. There was minor league's vote in 1887 against allowing new contracts with black players within its league. It sent a powerful message that eventually led to blacks not being allowed to play at all.

African Americans created the Negro leagues starting in 1887. In these leagues, African American baseball teams played against each other. 

The color line was broken for good when Jackie Robinson signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers organization for the 1946 season.

## Origins
The beginning of segregation followed the baseball season of 1867. On October 16, the Pennsylvania State Convention of Baseball in Harrisburg denied admission to the "colored" Pythian Baseball Club.

## References
## Other websites
* Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Playing for Keeps: Philadelphia's Pythian Base Ball Club.
Western League (1885–1899)

The **Western League of Professional Baseball Clubs**, also called the **Western League**, was a minor league baseball league. It created on February 11, 1885. It focused on the Midwestern United States.

## History
Before its most famous version in November 1893, the Western League existed in various forms. The League was created as a minor league on February 11, 1885. The original clubs were in Indianapolis‚ Kansas City‚ Cleveland‚ Milwaukee‚ Toledo and Omaha/Keokuk, Iowa.

## References
Rachel Bloom

**Rachel Leah Bloom** (born April 3, 1987) is an American comedian, writer, actress and singer-songwriter. She played the lead role of Rebecca Bunch in the CW comedy-drama series *Crazy Ex-Girlfriend*. For this, she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress-Television Series Musical or Comedy. For that same act, she also won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series.

In May 2013, Bloom released her first musical comedy album *Please Love Me*.

Bloom was born in Los Angeles.

## Awards and nominations 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Leavenworth Constitution

The **Leavenworth Constitution** was one of four Kansas state constitutions written during the era of Bleeding Kansas.  The Leavenworth Constitution was written by a convention of Free-Staters. It was the most progressive of the four proposed constitutions. Important parts of this Constitution were a Bill of Rights that referred to "*all men*" (making no distinction between the rights of white men and black men), making slavery in the state illegal, and a basic framework for the rights of women.

The constitutional convention that wrote the Leavenworth Constitution was provided for by an act of the Territorial Legislature passed in February 1858, while the Lecompton Constitution was being debated in Congress. The constitution was adopted by the convention at Leavenworth April 3, 1858. It was also chosen by the people at an election on May 18, 1858.

The Leavenworth Constitution did not have a big impact on the history of Kansas since the US Senate did not approve of the laws in the document.  The other proposed state constitutions were the Topeka Constitution (1855), the Lecompton Constitution (1857) and the Wyandotte Constitution (1859).

## Related pages
*Topeka Constitution
*Lecompton Constitution
*Wyandotte Constitution
*Bleeding Kansas

## More reading
* Wilder, D.W., "*The Annals of Kansas*". 1886.
* William G. Cutler, "History of the State of Kansas" 1883

## Other websites
* 
* The Leavenworth Constitution
Vytautas Briedis

**Julius Vytautas Briedis** (27 August 1940 – 22 September 2019) was a Lithuanian rower. He finished fifth and third at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics.

Briedis died on 22 September 2019 in Vilnius.

## References
Mid-Continent oil province

The **Mid-continent oil field** is a big area that has hundreds of oil fields in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. The area, which has various geological strata and diverse trap types, was discovered and used during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the crude oil found in the onshore mid-continent oil field is the mixed base or intermediate type (a mix of paraffin base and asphalt base crude oil types).

## Other websites
*Energy Information Administration (DOE)
*U.S. Energy Information Administration (DOE) , "Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production"
Coronado, Kansas

**Coronado** was an unincorporated community in Wichita County, Kansas, United States. It was platted in 1885. Coronado was involved in the bloodiest county seat fight in the history of the American West. The shoot-out on February 27, 1887, with boosters&mdash;some would say hired gunmen&mdash;from nearby Leoti left several people dead and wounded.

Coronado had a post office from 1886 until 1899.

## References
*War in Wichita County (see bottom of page)
Transcontinental railroad

A **transcontinental railroad** is a network of railroad tracks that crosses a continental land mass. It must be continuous. It has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks can be via the tracks of either a single railroad, or over those owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route.

## References
## Other websites
* The Old Transandino
* Trans-Asian Railway Project
* Uniting the States of America
Barn raising

, USA, about 1900]]

A **barn raising**, also historically called a **raising bee** or **rearing** in the U.K., is a collective action of a community, in which a barn for one of the members is built or rebuilt by members of the community. Barn raising was common in 18th- and 19th-century rural North America. A barn was a necessary building for any farmer. Yet a barn was also a big and expensive building. Building a farm needed many people than a typical family could provide. Barn raising addressed the need by getting members of the community, unpaid, to help in the building of their neighbors' barns. Because each member was entitled to recruit others for help, the favor would eventually return to each participant.

One or more people with experience or with specific skills are chosen to lead the project. Young people helping for the first time have watched many barn raisings and know what is expected of them.

## References
Greensburg, Kansas

**Greensburg** is a city in,  Kiowa County, Kansas, United States.

Greensburg today is a model "green town". It is often described as the greenest in America. The hospital, city hall, and school have all been built to the highest certification level issued by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Greensburg is also home to the world's largest hand-dug well.

## History
### 21st century
At 9:45&nbsp;p.m. CDT on May 4, 2007, during a deadly tornado outbreak, Greensburg was hit by an EF5 tornado. The tornado was estimated to be  in width — wider than the city itself — and traveled for nearly . Tornado sirens sounded in the city twenty minutes before the tornado struck, and a tornado emergency was issued, which undoubtedly saved many lives.

Kansas Governor Kathleen Sebelius and President George W. Bush both declared Kiowa County a disaster area, which opened up the affected areas for national and international aid. The tornado killed 10 people in Greensburg and two more in neighboring towns.

## Geography
Greensburg is at  (37.604875, -99.289569).

## Demographics
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 740 people, 329 households, and 176 families living in Greensburg. Of the households, 60.5% owned their home and 39.5% rented their home.

The median age was 44.4 years. Of the people, 88.6% were White, 2.3% were Black, 1.8% were Asian, 0.5% were Pacific Islanders, 0.3% were Native American, 0.4% were from some other race, and 6.1% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the people.

### 2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 777 people, 355 households, and 212 families living in Greensburg.

## Education
Greensburg is served by USD 422 Kiowa County Schools. The Kiowa County High School mascot is Mavericks.

## References
## Other websites
**Official sites**
* City of Greensburg
* Greensburg - Directory of Public Officials

**2007 tornado**
* Damage: Article 1, Article 2, Article 3
* Recovery: Article 1, Article 2, Article 3, Article 4 , Article 5 
* Before: Photos before 2007 tornado
* , from ''Hatteberg's People'' on KAKE TV news

**Other sites**
* The Big Well and Pallasite Meteorite
* Kiowa County Signal
* USD 422, local school district
* Greensburg City Map
County seat war

A **county seat war** is an American phenomenon that happened mostly in the Old West as it was being settled. Although, there were similar events elsewhere, such as in southeastern Ohio. As new towns were created and county lines were drawn, there was intense competition for the status and tax benefits received by becoming a county seat. These "wars" often involved nothing more than lining up at the ballot box. However, sometimes people from a particular town would use voter fraud, intimidation or violence. 

## References
## Other websites
*West Virginia newspaper clips about county seat wars
Harvey Glatman

**Harvey Murray Glatman** (December 10, 1927 – September 18, 1959) was an American serial killer active during the late 1950s. He was known in the media as "The Lonely Hearts Killer" and "The Glamour Girl Slayer". He would use several pseudonyms, posing as a professional photographer to lure his victims with the promise of a modelling career.

Glatman was later found guilty of two counts of first-degree murder by California and sentenced to death, a sentence that he accepted willingly.  He specifically asked the warden to do nothing to save his life.  He was executed in the gas chamber of San Quentin State Prison on September 18, 1959.

## Related pages
*Pee Wee Gaskins
Pee Wee Gaskins

**Donald Henry "Pee Wee" Gaskins Jr.** (March 13, 1933 – September 6, 1991) was an American serial killer. He was executed by electrocution by South Carolina in 1991.

Gaskins was born in South Carolina, the last in a string of illegitimate children. Due to his smallness, he was nicknamed "Pee Wee". His youth was characterized by considerable neglect. For instance, when he was one year old, he drank a bottle of kerosene. He grew to 5 foot 2 inch and 130 pounds.

Gaskins' serial crime began before the concept was even realized, as a juvenile, which included along with a group of other youths: robberies, assaults and a gang rape. In prison, he was regularly raped. He escaped from prison in 1955 by sitting in the back of a garbage truck, and fled to Florida; he was re-arrested, remanded and paroled in August 1961.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Gaskins murdered several teenaged girls and young women. He was later found guilty of eight counts of murder and sentenced to death by South Carolina. While on death row, Gaskins murdered a fellow death row inmate, earning him the title "Meanest Man in America". Gaskins was put to death in the electric chair by South Carolina on September 6, 1991.

## Related pages
*Albert Fish
*Harvey Glatman
Tony Costa

**Antone Charles "Tony" Costa** (August 2, 1944 – May 12, 1974) was an American carpenter who achieved notoriety for committing serial murders in and around the town of Truro, Massachusetts in 1969.  Costa preyed on either teenaged girls or young women, although it is unclear that, what resulted in the victims' deaths.  Costa would then remove the corpses' hearts and dismember the corpses.  Costa was convicted of two of the murders and sentenced to life imprisonment by Massachusetts.  Four years into his imprisonment, Costa hanged himself in his prison cell.

## References
James S. Gracey

**James Steele Gracey** (born August 24, 1927) is a former United States Coast Guard admiral. He was the 17th Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 1982 to 1986. He was born in Newton, Massachusetts. He was active during the Korean War and the Vietnamese War.

## References
Joseph J. Went

**Joseph J. Went** (born September 16, 1930) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general.  His final job was as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps and Chief of Staff.  He retired in 1990 after 38 years of service.

## References
Tomiris (movie)

***Tomiris*** is a commercial movie about  Queen Tomiris.  This historical drama is about the ruler of the Massagetae in the sixth century B.C.

The movie was released in September 2019.  Its plot is based on material from Herodotus as told through Al-Farabi.  It tells how Tomiris led her nomadic people to victory over Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire when he invaded her land.

The movie's director was Akan Satayev.  "The historical drama was filmed based on order of the Kazakh Ministry of Culture and Sports." The movie was made by the  Kazakhfilm Film Studio with participation of Sataifilm. The movie's director of props was Kuat Tleubaev.  It cost 2.259 billion tenge (about 6,500,000 US$) to make.

According to the *Astana Times* online, the movie "earned 480 million tenge (US$1.2 million) by the end of October and was screened more than 800 times throughout Kazakhstan." 

*Tomiris* was one of three Kazakhstani movies in the Golden Globes long list of candidates for the Foreign Language Film category.

The movie was scheduled to be released in Turkey in April 2020.

## Languages 
The narrative is in Russian with Kazakh subtitles.  The characters speak in ancient Turkic and Persian languages.

## Cast
* Almira Tursyn     as Tomiris
* Aizhan LighG      as Princess Sardana
*Gassan Massoud as Cyrus the Great 
* Murat Bisenbin     as Spargap, Tomiris's father and the Chief
*Adil Akhmetov       as Tomiris's husband Argun
* Azamat Satybaldy  as Kavaz
*Berik Aitzhanov       as  Kurtun
* Ayan Otepbergen 
* Asylkhan Tolepov
* Erkebulan Dairov      as Khoman
*Sain Ferhad            as Immortelle

## References

## Other web sites
* https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7985648/?ref_=nv_sr_1?ref_=nv_sr_1
* Official flim page: http://sataifilm.kz/9-filmy/32-tomiris 
* Review: https://asianmoviepulse.com/2020/09/film-review-the-legend-of-tomiris-2019-by-akan-satayev/
New Milford, Connecticut

**New Milford** is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is the largest town in the state in terms of land area at nearly . The population was 28,115 according to the 2020 Census.

## References
Thomas R. Morgan

General **Thomas R. Morgan** (born January 6, 1930) is a retired American military personnel. He was the Assistant Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from June 1986 until he retired on July 1, 1988 after completion of more than 36 years of active service.

## Awards and decorations
General Morgan's personal awards and decorations include: 

## References
Joseph P. Hoar

General **Joseph P. Hoar** (born December 30, 1934) is a retired U.S. Marine Corps officer. He was Commander in Chief of United States Central Command. He retired from the Corps on September 1, 1994.

## References
Paul A. Yost Jr.

**Paul Alexander Yost Jr.** (born January 3, 1929) is a retired United States Coast Guard admiral. He was the 18th Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 1986 to 1990.

## References
James Loy

**James Milton Loy** (born August 10, 1942) is a retired United States Coast Guard admiral. He was Acting United States Secretary of Homeland Security in 2005 and U.S. Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS) from December 4, 2003, to March 1, 2005. 

He was the second administrator of the Transportation Security Administration from 2002 to 2003, and before that as the Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard from 1998 to 2002.

## References
George B. Crist

**George Brainard Crist** (January 23, 1931 &ndash; July 26, 2024) was a four-star general of the United States Marine Corps. He was the first Marine to be promoted as a Unified Commander&nbsp;— serving as Commander in Chief, United States Central Command from 1985 to 1988.

Crist died on July 26, 2024 at the age of 93.

## Awards
His military decorations include: 

## References
## Other websites
*
John K. Davis

**John Kerry Davis** (March 14, 1927 &ndash; July 31, 2019), also known as **J.K. Davis**, was a United States Marine Corps four-star general.  Davis, a Vietnam War veteran, was the Commanding General of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (1977–1978) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1978-1978). He died from cancer on July 31, 2019, at the age of 92.

His final job was as the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps from July 1, 1983 to June 1, 1986.

## References
Frederick F. Woerner Jr.

**Frederick F. Woerner Jr.** (August 12, 1933 – March 29, 2023) was a four-star general of the United States Army. He was Commander-in-Chief of United States Southern Command, former Chairman of the American Battle Monuments Commission, and Professor Emeritus of Boston University. He died on March 29, 2023.

## References
John W. Foss

**John William Foss** (February 13, 1933 &ndash; April 25, 2020) was a retired United States Army four-star general. He was a commander of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.

Foss died on April 25, 2020 at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
*Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs bio
*National Infantry Foundation bio
*Ranger Hall of Fame Inductees
*West Point Distinguished Graduate Recipients
*Gloria Foss Obituary
Paul X. Kelley

**Paul Xavier Kelley** (November 11, 1928 &ndash; December 29, 2019) was a United States Marine Corps general. He was the 28th Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from July 1, 1983, to June 30, 1987.

In February 1980, Kelley was promoted to lieutenant general and named as the first Commander of the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force.

Kelley died on December 29, 2019 at a care facility in McLean, Virginia from Alzheimer's disease-related problems at the age of 91.

## References
Hutchinson, Minnesota

**Hutchinson** is the largest city in McLeod County, Minnesota, United States, and is located along the South Fork of the Crow River.  The population was 14,599 at the 2020 census.

## References
Arthur E. Brown Jr.

**Arthur Edmon Brown Jr.** (born November 21, 1929) is an American military personnel. He was a United States Army four-star general who was Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army (VCSA) from 1987 to 1989.

## Awards
## Other websites
*Association of Graduates bio
Louis C. Wagner Jr.

General **Louis Carson Wagner Jr.** (born January 24, 1932) is a retired United States Army four-star general. He was Commanding General, United States Army Materiel Command (CG AMC) from 1987 to 1989.

## Awards
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Distinguished Service Cross
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Army Distinguished Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Silver Star
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Bronze Star
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Purple Heart
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Meritorious Service Medal
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Air Medal with oak leaf cluster
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Army Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Combat Infantryman Badge
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Senior Parachutist Badge
*&nbsp;&nbsp;Ranger Tab

## Other websites
*Speaking Out After Decades of Silence
James J. Lindsay

**James Joseph Lindsay** (October 10, 1932 &ndash; August 5, 2023) was a United States Army four-star general. He was the first commander of the United States Special Operations Command.

Lindsay died on August 5, 2023 in Vass, North Carolina at the age of 90.

## References
## Other websites
*
Carl E. Vuono

**Carl Edward Vuono** (born October 18, 1934) is a retired United States Army general. He was the Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1987 to 1991.

## Awards and decorations
## Other websites
*U.S. Army biography
Monongahela, Pennsylvania

**Monongahela** is a city in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is  south of Pittsburgh.  The population was 4,159 at the 2020 census.

## References
William D. Smith

**William Dee Smith** (born February 9, 1933) is a retired United States Navy four star admiral. He was United States Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP) between 1991 & 1993.  Smith retired in 1993.

## References
Carlisle Trost

**Carlisle Albert Herman Trost** (April 24, 1930 &ndash; September 29, 2020) was a United States Navy officer. He was the 23rd Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1 July 1986 to 29 June 1990. He retired from active naval service on 1 July 1990, following completion of a four-year term as CNO.

## References
Valmeyer, Illinois

**Valmeyer** is a village in Monroe County in the U.S. state of Illinois, on the Mississippi River. The population was 1,233 at the 2020 census.

## References
James B. Busey IV

Admiral **James Buchanan Busey IV** (October 7, 1932 &ndash; April 21, 2023) was a United States Navy four star admiral and politician. He was Vice Chief of Naval Operations, from 1985 to 1987 and as Commander in Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe/Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe from 1987 to 1989. He was the United States Deputy Secretary of Transportation from 1991 to 1992.

Busey died in Lincoln, California, on April 21, 2023 at the age of 90.

## References
Sylvester R. Foley Jr.

**Sylvester Robert "Bob" Foley Jr.** (born September 19, 1928) is a retired four star admiral in the United States Navy. He was Commander in Chief Pacific from 1982 to 1985. He was born in Manchester, New Hampshire.

## References
Thomas B. Hayward

Admiral **Thomas Bibb Hayward** (May 3, 1924 &ndash; March 3, 2022) was Chief of Naval Operations for the United States Navy from July 1, 1978, until June 30, 1982, after which he retired from military service. 

Hayward endorsed the re-election campaign of Donald Trump in 2020 and said that the United States was becoming a socialist-Marxist tyrannical government.

Hayward died on March 3, 2022 at the age of 97.

## References
Ronald J. Hays

**Ronald Jackson Hays** (born August 19, 1928) is a retired United States Navy four star admiral. He was Vice Chief of Naval Operations (VCNO) from 1983 to 1985; and as Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Command (USCINCPAC) from 1985 to 1988.

## References
Harry D. Train II

**Harry Depue Train II** (born November 5, 1927) is a retired United States Navy admiral and a Senior Fellow at the Joint Advanced Warfighting School at the Joint Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia.

## Awards and decorations
## References
## Other websites
* Profiles at SourceWatch
Urania, Louisiana

**Urania** is a small town in La Salle Parish, Louisiana United States. The population was 698 at the 2020 census. *Urania* is taken from the Greek muse of astronomy. Hardtner served in both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature from La Salle Parish as well as long service on the La Salle Parish Police Jury.

## References
Adolphe Thiers

**Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers** ( , ; 15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French politician and historian. He was the second elected President of France, and the first President of the French Third Republic.

## Other websites
* Site listing links to the Third Republic
* Page on history of French flags with brief outline of formation of the Third Republic
* "The Reds' Last Stand" – about the Paris Commune on metropoleparis.com
* Timeline of The Civil War in France (including the Paris Commune)
List of mayors of Paris

The **Mayor of Paris** () is the chief executive of Paris, the capital and largest city in France. The Mayor is responsible for the administration and management of the city, adds proposals and recommendations to the Paris City Council, is active in the enforcement of the city's laws.

## List
**Notes**
 *Died in office*

## Other websites
*The list of mayors since 1789 comes from Paris city hall's website. See Historique des maires de Paris.
Òscar Ribas Reig

**Òscar Ribas Reig** (, 26 October 1936 &ndash; 18 December 2020) was the first prime minister of Andorra in 1982. He twice was head of government, firstly from 8 January 1982 to 21 May 1984 with National Liberal party and then from 12 January 1990 to 7 December 1994 with the National Democratic Agreement party.

Reig died on 18 December 2020 at the age of 84 in Sant Julià de Lòria.

## References
Rosewood

s in *Dalbergia latifolia* rosewood]]

**Rosewood** is wood from a select number of trees of the genus ***Dalbergia***. Note that many species in this genus are not trees, and that most of the species that are trees do not yield rosewood.

The wood of *Dalbergia nigra* is known as "Brazilian rosewood", and also as "Bahia rosewood".It has a strong, sweet smell, which lasts for many years.

Another rosewood comes from *Dalbergia latifolia* known as (East) Indian rosewood or *sonokeling* (Indonesia). It is native to India and is also grown in plantations elsewhere in Pakistan (Chiniot).

Madagascar rosewood (*Dalbergia maritima*), known as *bois de rose*, is highly prized for its red colour. It is overexploited in the wild. A 2010 moratorium on trade and illegal logging is being ignored.

Throughout southeast Asia *Dalbergia oliveri* is harvested for use in woodworking. It has a fragrant odour. *Dalbergia cultrata* is being used and sold as *D. olvieri*.

## References
Spirit AeroSystems

**Spirit AeroSystems, Inc.** ("Spirit") is the world's biggest first-tier aerostructures manufacturer. They are in Wichita, Kansas. Spirit's main competition comes from Triumph Aerostructures - Vought Aircraft Division, UTC Aerospace Systems, Leonardo, and Kawasaki Heavy Industries.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* "Spirit gets first shot at non-Boeing job", *Wichita Business Journal*, October 16, 2005
* "Spirit plans mega project with $1 billion investment and 1,000 more jobs in Wichita", *The Wichita Eagle*, December 6, 2017
Humid continental climate

]]
A **humid continental climate**  is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900. A place with a humid continental climate has big seasonal temperature differences. It has warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes very cold in the northern areas) winters. Precipitation usually happens throughout the year. In a humid continental climate, the average temperature of the coldest month must be below  (or ) and there must be at least four months whose average temperatures are at or above .

Humid continental climates are usually found between latitudes 40°&nbsp;N and 60°&nbsp;N, within the central and northeastern parts of North America, Europe, and Asia.

## References
G-Series (record label)

**G-Series** is a Bangladeshi record label. The company produces cassettes, CDs, VCDs, and DVDs of dramas, telefilms, movies, and music. It is one of the largest companies in Bangladesh. The owner of the company is Nazmul Haque Bhuiyan. The Daily Star described it a major record label in Bangladesh.
## Artists
### Musicians
* Niaz Mohammad Chowdhury
* Shahnaz Rahmatullah
* Shantanu Biswas
* Sania Sultana Liza
* Robi Chowdhury
* Sumon (musician)|Bassbaba-Sumon
*Fuad al Muqtadir|Fuad Al Muktadir
* Parveen Sultana
* Tahsan Rahman Khan
* Kishor Palash

### Bands
* Aurthohin
* Stoic Bliss
* Shironamhin
* Black
* Artcell

## References
## Other websites
* G-Series Official Website
Democratic Party (Italy)

The **Democratic Party** (Italian: *Partito Democratico*, *PD*) is a social democratic political party in Italy. Elly Schlein has served as the party's secretary since her election in 2023.

From the birth of the Conte II Cabinet, the Democratic Party formed a coalition with the Five Star Movement.

Since 2014, the party has been a member of the Center-left Party of European Socialists group in the European Parliament.

## History 
The party was formed in 2007 from the merger of several centre-left parties. These parties included the Democrats of the Left (which succeeded the Italian Communist Party) and the Democracy is Freedom party (commonly known as The Daisy). 

## References
Chapelle-sur-Moudon

**Chapelle-sur-Moudon** was a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality called Montanaire.

## References
Fort Leavenworth

**Fort Leavenworth** is a United States Army installation in Leavenworth County, Kansas. It was built in 1827. It is the oldest active United States Army post west of Washington, D.C., and it is the oldest permanent settlement in Kansas. Fort Leavenworth has been historically known as the "Intellectual Center of the Army."

It became a National Historic Landmark in 1960.

## References
## Other websites
* Freedom's Frontier
* Frontier Army Museum
* Fort Leavenworth Home Page
* Munson Army Health Center
* Guide for visitors to Fort Leavenworth
* The Fort Leavenworth Lamp Online – Fort Leavenworth's Newspaper 
* U.S. Army Combined Arms Center
* U.S. Army Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
* TRADOC Schools
* TRADOC Website
* Fort Leavenworth History Collection Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library
* USD 207 local unified school district
* Fort Leavenworth has been extensively documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey. Sample documents include:
**  
**
Assens, Switzerland

**Assens** is a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The community decided to merge their municipality with Malapalud, with effect from 1 January 2009.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Montanaire

**Montanaire** is a municipality in the Gros-de-Vaud district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2013 when the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website of the municipality of Montanaire
Kansas Board of Regents

The **Kansas Board of Regents** is an organization that governs six state universities in the U.S. state of Kansas. It also supervises and coordinates nineteen community colleges, five technical colleges, six technical schools and a municipal university. It has nine members. 

## Member selection 
The Kansas Board of Regents has nine members. All of them are chosen by the Governor of Kansas. Each Board Member also serves on committees that help solve higher education issues.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* K-State's Archive of KS Regents Communication Records 
* Kansas Board of Regents publications at State Library of Kansas' KGI Online Library