open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Open Tree of Life

The **Open Tree of Life** is a project by the National Science Foundation. The first draft had 2.3 million species. The first draft was made public in September 2015. The Interactive graph allows the user to view collected data. The tree has taxonomic data with phylogenetic trees. Clicking on a species will return its source.

## History 
The Open Tree of Life started in June 2012. A National Science Foundation award was given to some researchers. In 2015, a two-year award was made.

## References
Otodus auriculatus

***Otodus auriculatus*** meaning "Small ear-shapped tooth" from Ancient Greek ὠτ (ōt, meaning "ear") and ὀδούς (odoús, meaning "tooth") – thus, "ear-shaped tooth" and "auriculata" or "lathus" meaning small, is an extinct species of megatooth shark that lived in Eocene to Oligocene. He is a related species on the famous megalodon.

## Size 
The *O. auriculatus* was a large than the Great White Shark (*Carcharodon carcharias*), the largest specimens measured 9.5 to 10 meters (30-33 ft) in lenght. The smaller individuals measured 4-4.5 metres long and is compared on the Tiger shark (*Galeocerdo cuvie*r) and the current Mako Shark (*Isurus oxyrinchus)*.

## References
Neha Sharma

**Neha Sharma** (born 21 November 1987) is an Indian actress, model, and businesswoman.
Sharma has acted in many films like *Yamla Pagla Deewana 2* (2013), *Solo* (2017), and *Tanhaji* (2020). She started working in web series with *Illegal* in 2020. She also acted in short films *Kriti* and *Vikalp*, where she played the main roles.

## Early life 
Neha Sharma was born on 21 November 1987, into a Hindu family in Bihar, She studied at Mount Carmel School in Bhagalpur and later did a fashion design course at the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) in New Delhi.

## Personal life 
Her hobbies are cooking, listening to music, reading, and dancing. Sharma has learned the Indian classical dance form called Kathak. She has also learned street hip hop and Latin dances like salsa, merengue, jive, and jazz at Pineapple Dance Studios in London. She sees Kate Moss as her style inspiration. Sharma also dreams of starting her own clothing brand.
## Filmography
### Movies
### Web series 
## Awards and Nominations 
### Applause Entertainment Screenxx Awards 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Otodus limhamnensis

***Otodus limhamnensis*** meaning "ear-shapped tooth of Limhamn" from Ancient Greek ὠτ (ōt, meaning "ear") and ὀδούς (odoús, meaning "tooth") – thus, "ear-shaped tooth", is an extinct species of megatooth shark of the genus *Otodus*, that lived in Paleocene (Danian period) epochs.
Otodus limhamnensis represents a key transitional species in the evolutionary history of large predatory sharks, bridging the gap between smaller Paleocene sharks and the later, much larger megatooth sharks that dominated the oceans in subsequent epochs.
## Classification 
The *Otodus limhamnensis* is classified in family *Otodontidae*, that inclued the Megalodon and related species. He belongs a *Otodus* genus and Lamniformes order.
## References
The Truth About Lies

***The Truth About Lies*** is a music album by Christian Ingebrigtsen, released in 2007. The album spent 2 weeks on the VG-lista and ended at number 22-place as the best location. This is his last album as a solo artist to date.
Paint Christmas White

***Paint Christmas White*** is a Christmas album by Christian Ingebrigtsen and the Salvation Army, released in 2006. The album spent 4 weeks on the VG-lista and ended at number 22.-place as the best location.
Someone Somewhere Tonight

"**Someone Somewhere Tonight**" is a song by American singer Kellie Pickler.

## Music video
The music video for "Someone Somewhere Tonight" was directed by Roman White and premiered on CMT on July 9, 2013.

The video debuted at number 20 on CMT's *CMT Hot 20 Countdown* for the week of August 17, 2013.

## References
Manuel Capetillo

**Manuel Antonio Capetillo Villaseñor** (15 April 1926 – 5 May 2009) was a Mexicanfilm actor, bullfighter, singer, and songwriter from Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos, Jalisco.

On 5 May 2009, Capetillo died of respiratory insufficiency, in Chacala, Nayarit. The wake was held in Guadalajara, Jalisco, and he was buried in the capital. The news media said that the cause of his death was intoxication and a problem with ulcers, but the actor's son said that it was respiratory insufficiency.

## Related pages
*Raymundo Capetillo
Samira Imani Fouladi

**Samira Imani Fouladi** is a former Iranian volleyball player and current coach. She is one of the most decorated female volleyball players in Iran and the first Iranian woman to coach a European volleyball club.

## Coaching career 
* Head coach of Porto Volleyball Club, Portugal, champion of Portuguese Premier League 2022.
* Head coach of Saipa Volleyball Club, champion of Iranian Premier League 2024.
* Coach of Iran senior national team at the 2017 Middle Asia Championship in Maldives, achieving first place.
* Player-coach of Giti Pasand club, champion of 2011 Iranian Volleyball League.
* Head coach of Isfahan province youth team, champion from 2017 to 2022.

## Playing career 
* Seven championship titles in the Iranian Premier Volleyball League.
* Best league player in 2005, 2006, and 2007.
* Member of the Iranian women's national volleyball team from 2002 to 2018.
* Runner-up at the 2004 Islamic Countries Championship in Doha, Qatar.

## Management career 
* Director of women's sports at Foolad Mahan Sepahan Club (2011).
* Technical director of Saipa senior team and volleyball academy (2024).
* Recognized as a top female athlete in Iran in 2008.

## Education 
* Honorary doctorate from the World Elite Association (2021).
* Master's degree in Physical Education and Sport Sciences (2014).

## Coaching certifications 
* International Level 2 coaching certificate (2018).

## References 
## Other websites 
* https://www.qudsonline.ir/news/774888
* https://www.eghtesadnews.com/بخش-اخبار-سایر-رسانه-ها-61/451037
* https://www.varzesh3.com/news/1788727
* https://www.irna.ir/news/84522768/یک-ایرانی-مربی-پورتو-شد/
* https://www.irna.ir/news/85713235/سرمربی-سایپا-با-قدرت-به-پورتو-بر-می-گردم/
* https://www.etemadonline.com/tags/سمیرا_ایمانی_فولادی
* https://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/645085/بانوی-ایرانی-مربی-تیم-والیبال-پورتو-شد
* https://www.bbc.com/persian/sport-59851417.amp
* https://www.mehrnews.com/news/6455394
* https://www.mehrnews.com/news/6434506
* https://www.pana.ir/بخش-ورزشی-85/1226648
* https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/468784
* https://women.volleybox.net/samira-imani-fouladi-p76680/clubs
* https://en.imna.ir/news/327498
* https://en.irna.ir/news/84526908/Iranian-coach-of-Porto-women-volleyball-team-says-Hijab-didn-t/
* https://en.mehrnews.com/news/182430/Iranian-female-volleyball-player-joins-a-Portuguese-team/
Kenneth James

**Kenneth**, **Kenny**, or **Ken James** can be

## Entertainment
* Ken James (Australian actor) (born 1948), played Tony Wild in *The Box* and played Mike O'Brien in *Sons and Daughters*
* Ken James, on the Canadian soap opera *Riverdale*
* Kenneth W. James, voice actor for Bowser in *Mario* games since *Super Mario Galaxy*
* Kenneth Tyler James (born 1982), musician
* Kenny James (*My Name Is Earl*), a character on *My Name Is Earl*

## Sports
* Ken James (cricketer) (d. 1976), New Zealand Test cricketer
* Ken James (basketball) (born 1945), represented Australia at the 1972 Summer Olympics
* Kenny James (American football) (born 1984), running back

## Other
* Ken James (politician) (d. 2014), Canadian member of Parliament
* Kenneth James (politician), see Endorsements for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada leadership convention, 1993
* Ken James (educator), Commissioner of Education for the state of Arkansas

* 
* James Kenny (disambiguation)
Stephen Silver

**Stephen Silver** (born August 30, 1973) is a British artist, cartoonist and character designer.  He is best known as the lead character designer for animated series such as *Kim Possible* and *Danny Phantom*.
Thiénans

**Thiénans** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.

## References
Igor Evard

**Igor Arkadievich Evard** (born January 26, 1963) also known as Evard, Igor Arkadievich is a Russian composer, director, and screenwriter. He is known for his contributions to contemporary academic music and classical crossover, as well as his work in film and journalism.

## Career 
Evard is a laureate of various music competitions and a member of the Union of Composers of Russia. He is also an Honored Figure of the Moscow Musical Society, a Cavalier of the Order of M. Balakirev, and an Honorary Citizen of Russia. He is the founder and president of the international composers' competition *Composer XXI* and the editor-in-chief of the All-Russian music and information newspaper *Let’s Play First. Da Capo al Fine*.

His musical oeuvre includes symphonic works, vocal and choral music set to poetry, and chamber compositions. He is among the few Russian composers actively working in the genre of classical crossover.

## Biography 
Evard was born in Vilnius in 1963. He graduated from the Leningrad Mining Institute in 1985 and later pursued musical studies, earning a degree in orchestral conducting from the Ryazan branch of the Moscow State Institute of Culture in 1992.

He worked as a music journalist and radio presenter/editor at GTRK "Smolensk" from 1991 and joined the Union of Journalists of Russia in 1994.

In 2000, he defended a dissertation titled "Modern Russian Musical Culture: Social and Philosophical Analysis" at Moscow State University for the Humanities and obtained a Candidate of Philosophical Sciences degree. Since 2003, he has served as an associate professor of philosophy and director of the School of Creativity at the same university.

He is a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.

## Composing activity 
* 1990 – Laureate of the music competition *Voices of Russia*

* 1992–1993 – Laureate of composers’ competitions

* 2002 – Released CDs *Numbers in the Sand*, *Lagoon of White Roses*, and *Ballad of Sea Water*

* 2002 – Published monograph *Orpheus in a Split World*

* 2003 – Winner of the *For the Liberation of Smolensk Region* composers’ competition

* 2004 – Author’s concert in Algeciras, Spain

* 2005 – Laureate of *Euroorchestra* festival in France

* 2010 – Released double CD *Oh, Bring Back the Wings!* featuring chamber and vocal music

* 2012 – Founded 1st International Forum and Festival-Competition of Cellists and International Classical Romance Competition in Aktobe

* 2018 – Published a collection of romances for voice and piano through Sovremennaya Muzyka publishing

* 2020 – Released a debut EP in classical crossover with music video *Rainbow Bridge* directed by Irina Mironova

* 2023 – Presented vocal and symphonic concert *Awakening of the Earth* with the Moscow State Academic Symphony Orchestra

* 2024 – Released full album *Earth Revival* on major streaming platforms

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
*
Dozza

**Dozza** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy.

## References
Sant'Agata Bolognese

'''Sant'Agata Bolognese'* is a *comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy. It is known for being the headquarters of the luxury car manufacturer Lamborghini.

## References
Cura Carpignano

**Cura Carpignano** is a *comune* in the Province of Pavia in the Lombardy region in Italy. It is about 30&nbsp;km south of Milan, and about 9&nbsp;km northeast of Pavia.

## References
Jimmy Kudo

**Shinichi Kudo** (''工藤 新一, Kudo Shin'ichi*) **(Conan Edogawa)** (江戸川 コナン, *Edogawa Conan''), also known as Jimmy Kudo in most english localizations is the main character in the TV series and manga, Detective Conan, he is a 16-year-old (17 in the anime) boy who became a 7-year-old kid after taking a drug (or poison) that was supposed to kill him.

in the anime series, Jimmy's regular form is voiced by Jerry Jewell (Kappei Yamaguchi in Japanese) and his alter-ego, Conan Edogawa is voiced by Alison Viktorin (Minami Takayama in Japanese).

He takes the alias of "*Conan Edogawa*", which is derived from Arthur Conan Doyle (the author of Sherlock Holmes, born 1859; died in 1930) and Edogawa Ranpo (born 1894, died in 1965), a famous Japanese mystery author.
Alsodes kaweshkari

***Alsodes kaweshkari*** is a frog.  It lives in Chile.

## Home
This frog lives in cold places with no trees and in forests. People find it under logs Scientists saw the frog between 1500 and 3000 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog one protected place: Bernardo O'Higgins National Park.

## Young
Scientists think the tadpoles swim in streams.

## Threats
Scientists do not know whether this frog is in danger of dying out.

## First paper
*

## References
Police Lines School and College, Rangpur

**Police Lines School and College, Rangpur**  () also known as **PLSCR**, is an educational institution under the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dinajpur, located in the heart of Rangpur City. This institution operates under the supervision of the Superintendent of Police of Rangpur District.

## History
Police Lines School and College, Rangpur, commenced its academic activities in 1986 under the supervision of Mominullah Patwari, the then Superintendent of Police (SP) of Rangpur District. The first batch of students graduated in 1989, with one student securing the top position in the humanities group under the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Rajshahi. The institution, however, has its origins in 1954 as a primary school. Initially housed in a tin-shed building, it expanded with contributions from police officials and local donors.

In 1987, the school introduced a high school section, which received government affiliation in 1988. A kindergarten section was added in 1989 under the efforts of SP Syed Serajul Islam. In 1996, the institution expanded further with the addition of a higher secondary section, facilitated by SP M. A. Mabud.

The college infrastructure has grown over time. In 2006, SP Hasanul Haider established the college building.

In July 2020, the foundation for a new building was laid by the Deputy Inspector General (DIG) of the Rangpur Range.

## Location
The institution is located on Police Lines Road in the center of Rangpur city, adjacent to the district police headquarters, City highway, Rangpur, Bangladesh, and in the midst of Rangpur Zoo, Rangpur Cricket Garden and Rangpur Stadium. Its central location makes it easily accessible from every parts of Rangpur.

## Gallery
## Seats
At the higher secondary level, there are approximately 550 seats in the science group, 100 in the commerce group, and 100 in the humanities group, making a total of 750 seats available.

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*https://www.police.gov.bd/
* https://www.waze.com/live-map/directions/bd/rangpur-division/rangpur/police-lines-school-and-college,-rangpur?to=place.ChIJV2VdewAu4zkRyyVykJDA6oI
Shuntaro Furukawa

**Shuntaro Furukawa** (born in January 10, 1972, 古川 俊太郎) is a Japanese businessman, he is best known for being the current president of Nintendo since June 28, 2018. 

He is the sixth and current president of Nintendo of Japan, succeeding Tatsumi Kimishima. His vice-president is Shigeru Miyamoto. He is also said to be fluent in English due to his past working at Nintendo of Europe in the 1990s, he also worked for *The Pokémon Company*.

## References
Carcharodon

***Carcharodon*** (meaning "jagged/sharp tooh" in Ancient Greek) is a genus of sharks that inclued the famous Great White Shark, and inclued extinct species, from example the *C. hubbelli* and *C. hastalis*. *Carcharocles megalodon* was also originally classified as a species of shark of the genus *Carcharodon*, however more recent studies place it in the genus *Otodus* or *Carcharocles* and in the extinct family *Otodontidae*.

Paleontologists suggest that the genus *Cosmopolitodus* (a genus of extinct mako sharks) is actually invalid and synonymous with *Carcharodon*. This is because many paleontologists no longer consider *C. escheri* of the genus *Carcharomodus* a valid genus, and it is considered a probable synonym of *Isurus*. The largest species of the genus is the *Carcharodon plicatilis* (in others classifications also know as *Isurus* "*xiphodon*") or also know as **"Giant white shark"** or **"Broad-tooth mako"**, the largest individuals is estimates in 8 meters (26 ft) in lenght, based in a estimative of 2001 by Purdy. This species was originally classified as a synonym or a variation of the *C. hastalis*, but now he is classified as a valid species.

*Carcharodon caifassii* is a other species of the genus, but is considered dubious species that lived in the Pliocene period, the validity of species is disputed. He measured the same size of the modern Great white shark (*Carcharodon carcharias*).

## References
Shanghai Metro Line 2

**Shanghai Metro Line 2** is an east-west metro line operated by Shanghai Metro. It connects National Exhibition and Convention Center Station in Qingpu District, Shanghai, China to Pudong Airport Terminal 1&2 Station in Pudong New District. It is  long. It has 30 stations. It was opened on September 20, 1999.

## Station List
Kingdom of Simien

The **Kingdom of Simien** (), also called the **Kingdom of Beta Israel** (), was a Jewish kingdom. It was also called the "Land of the Gideons" by Rabbi Abraham ben Eliezer Halevi in the 14th century. This name comes from the kingdom's first ruler. The Kingdom of Simien was part of northwestern Ethiopian Empire. The traveller Benjamin of Tudela first talked about this kingdom being somewhere in the Horn of Africa in the 12th century CE.

A Ethiopian-Jewish legend says the Kingdom of Simien started in the 4th century CE. It started after the Kingdom of Aksum converted to Christianity during Ezana's reign. Local history says that around 960, the Jewish Queen Gudit defeated the empire. She then burned its churches and literature. There is evidence of a similar invasion around this time. There is also evidence of churches being burned. However, some western authors think that she was not real. It is still not sure whether Aksum was still a kingdom at this time.  Tradition says that she reigned for forty years and her dynasty lasted until 1137 AD. Then, it was overthrown by Mara Takla Haymanot. This started the Zagwe dynasty.

## Notes
## References
## Sources
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Sabah Tani

**Sabah Tani** (died 19 February 2018) was a Bangladeshi singer in the 1980s and 1990s. Her most famous songs were *"Kichhukhon"*, *"Bhalobasa Bahurupi"* and *"Kono Baishakhi Raate Jodi"*.

## Personal life
Tani grew up in Karatia Union, Tangail. She had one son, Anid. In 2018, she died from low blood pressure. She was buried in a Gorai village in Tangail.

## References
Le Tremblois

**Le Tremblois** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.

## References
Shazam (DC Comics)

**Captain Marvel**, later known as **Shazam** () for legal reasons, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939. His main villains are Black Adam, Doctor Sivana, and Mister Mind.

## Publication history 
Captain Marvel first appeared in *Whiz Comics* #2 (cover-dated Feb. 1940), published by Fawcett Comics. 

## Fictional character biography 
He is the alter ego of **William Joseph** **"Billy" Batson**, a boy who was chosen by the wizard Shazam, and by speaking the magic word "**SHAZAM**" (acronym of six "Immortal Gods": Solomon, Hercules, Atlas, Zeus, Achilles, and Mercury), can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of the wisdom of Solomon, the strength of Hercules, the will of Atlas, the lightning of Zeus, the speed of Achilles, the charisma of Mercury, and other abilities. 

Based on book sales, the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s, outselling even Superman. 

## Powers and abilities 
The character had the abilities of flight, super strength, invulnerability and the unique ability of shooting lightning bolts from his chest.

## In other media 
The character has been adapted twice for television by Filmation: as a live-action 1970s series with Jackson Bostwick and John Davey as Captain Marvel and Michael Gray as Billy Batson, and as an animated 1980s series. Zachary Levi played Shazam and Asher Angel played Billy Batson in the 2019 DC Extended Universe movie *Shazam!* and the 2023 movie *Shazam! Fury of the Gods*.

## References
Eurovision Song Contest 2026

The **Eurovision Song Contest 2026** will be the 70th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest will be held at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, Austria, after their win at the 2025 contest with the song "" by JJ. It will be organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF).

## Overview
It will be the third time that the country will host the contest, after 1967 and 2015, as well as the third time the contest will be held in Vienna. In December 2025, the EBU announced that 35 countries would participate in the 2026 contest. Bulgaria returns for the first time since 2022, Romania returns for the first time since 2023, and Moldova returns for the first time since 2024. Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Slovenia, and Spain, all countries that participated the previous year, are boycotting in protest against the inclusion of Israel in the context of the Gaza war. This makes it the largest boycott in the contest's history.

## Location
### Bidding phase
;Key
 Host city 
 Submitted a bid

## Results
### Semi-final 1
### Semi-final 2
### Final
## References
## Other websites
*
Rasmus Berthelsen

**Rasmus Storm Josva Berthel Berthelsen** (1827–1901)  was a Greenlandic teacher, poet, and artist. He was an editor for the *Atuagagdliutit*. He wrote the Greenland Christmas carol *Guterput* or *Our God*. His woodcut *Starving Greenlanders* is an early example of social commentary in Greenland art.  He is most known for his hymns and poetry. He is probably the first Greenlandic author after the Vikings.

## References
Næstved

**Næstved** is a town in the municipality of the same name, in the southern part of the island of Zealand in Denmark. About 45,000 people live there.

## Other websites 
*
Busy (For Me)

**"Busy (For Me)"** is the second single from Portuguese singer Aurea and serves as the second single from her self-titled debut album *Aurea* after "Okay Alright". 

The single was released on May 21, 2010 for digital download.  It spent a total of 44 weeks on the Portuguese singles chart, two of which were at number one.  The accompanying music video had more than 2.2 million views on YouTube as of January 2013.
Restart (Aurea album)

***Restart*** is the third album by Portuguese singer Aurea, released on March 18, 2016 through Ruela Music and Sony Music. The album was composed by several names of Portuguese and American nationality. The album's producers are Jack Daley and Cindy Blackman Santana. The album was recorded in Brooklyn, New York and Las Vegas. The lyrics were written by C.Battey, Effman, Nate, S.Battey, E.Larsen, K.Larsen, O.Broderson, S.Vaughn, Grace Tither, Sigurdur Kristinn Sigtryggson, Simon Davies, Enoque Silva, Héber Marques from HMB (band), Aurea, Rui Ribeiro, Catarina Lownders (the youtuber Sea3po), Esmée Denters and Guilherme Marinho. The album features more genres than just Soul, but this is the one that stands out the most. Two singles were released from the album, one before the album was released and directly taken from it and the other modified and released after the album was released. These singles are I Didn't Mean It and I Feel Love Inside. The album's record went to number one and stayed at the top for 45 weeks.  

## History 
The album began to be prepared in February 2015 and was published by the singer in April 2015 that she would be preparing a new album. The news was shared by Blitz in November 2014, which also announced that Cindy Blackman Santana would be producing the album.

## Criticism 
## Launch 
It was announced on the social media of The Voice Portugal, a program where she was a mentor, that the singer would present her new single in the final. The single was released on the final date, that is, January 10, 2016. This is how I Didn't Mean It was presented. Rádio Comercial announced that the album would be released at the end of February, but the date was in March. The album was released alongside the music video for I Didn't Mean It. The version of I Feel Love Inside with Enoque (singer) was released in July 2017. Aurea toured the country and presented her album at Cinema São Jorge in Lisbon.

## Music 
## References
Hebron massacre (1929)

The **Hebron massacre** refers to the mass murder of at least 67 Jews on August 24, 1929 in Hebron, British Mandate for Palestine. The massacre was committed by Arabs who believed that there was a Jewish conspiracy to take over the Temple Mount.

All Hebron's Jews were evacuated by the British colonial government following the massacre. The massacre formed part of the 1929 Palestine riots, where at least 133 Jews were killed. The massacre resulted in the rise of Jewish self-defence groups, including the Haganah, 

## Background
Judaism, Christianity and Islaam consider Hebron as sacred. 700 (3.5%) of them were Jews. – through the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Palestinians disliked the increasing ethnic diversity as they considered Jewish immigrants a threat to the Muslim majority.

Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, led the Arab opposition to further Jewish immigration. during which bricks fell on those who prayed in front of the Western Wall while feces from mules stank the area. wrote: Scholars hold different views on the matter.

## Related pages
* Kraków pogrom
* Lisbon massacre
* Odessa massacre
* Jedwabne pogrom
* Szczuczyn pogrom

## Footnotes
## References
Arabic hip-hop

**Arabic Hip Hop** is a subgenre of Hip Hop music, originated in Arabic-speaking countries.

Hip Hop originated from the African-American culture, which influenced the emergence of Arabic Hip Hop itself. Their shared common experience of oppression inspired them to break the musical norms of the Arab culture and gave way to a new hybrid genre of music: Arabic Hip Hop.

This subgenre encompasses many musical elements that have developed in different Arab communities and countries. It combines the rhythms of Western hip hop together with the local culture, such as its language, dialect and instruments. It also takes local issues into account. 

It has been used as a social, cultural, and national form of expression by artists who are looking for a way to express themselves freely and to provide a critical perspective on both their ethnic community and the larger society they feel pressured to fit into. This branch of Hip Hop has been used by artists to express their different perspectives on ongoing political events and struggles in their own countries. Its ultimate goal is to facilitate dialogue among groups with opposing ideas, but it also serves as a means of communication for young people who rebel and seek political change.

## *Palestinian Hip Hop* 
A subcategory of Arabic Hip Hop is Palestinian Hip Hop, which refers to Hip Hop music produced by Palestinian artists. It first emerged in 2001, as a response to Israeli occupation, erasure and repression of the Palestinian population. It aims to maintain Palestinian identity, to protest, educate, mobilise population. Historically this has been done through poetry, fiction, film, and music, and hip hop serves as a mean to continue this tradition of resistance. 

Hip Hop became a kind of Palestinian Al Jazeera, which gave voice to the political, economic, social, and cultural struggles Palestinians face. It has grown into a powerful tool of nonviolent resistance against Israeli occupation. Through their lyrics, Palestinian Hip Hop artists speak directly to local communities, sharing their experiences of life under occupation and what they describe as “apartheid” in Israel.

The Hip Hop artists located within the 1948 Israeli borders are often referred as "48 Palestinians". Through Hip Hop this new generation articulates and critiques a complex citizen-subject positioning known as "present absentee": Palestinians who remained inside Israeli borders after 1948 but whose legal and national presence are denied. They try to connect Palestinian communities: the ones residing inside the Israeli state to the ones located in the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem, to create a sense of unity to resist the common colonial struggle.

## References
Shanghai Metro Line 1

**Shanghai Metro Line 1** is a north-south metro line operated by Shanghai Metro. It connects Xinzhuang Station in Minhang District, Shanghai, China to Fujin Road Station in Baoshan District. It is  long. It has 28 stations. It was opened on May 28, 1993. It is the first metro line in Shanghai. It is one of the busiest and most important lines in the Shanghai Metro network.

## Station List
Lego Star Wars

**Lego Star Wars** (stylized as ***LEGO Star Wars***) is a Lego theme based on the Star Wars franchise by George Lucas. The theme includes over 928 Lego building sets and a video game series (including *Lego Star Wars: The Video Game* and *Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga*.
Scratch My Back

***Scratch My Back*** is a *single* by Portuguese musical artist, Aurea, available on her second studio album, *Soul Notes* (2012). It was composed by Rui Ribeiro, Ricardo Ferreira and João Pedro Matos.

Its release took place on Aurea's birthday, September 7, 2012, through Blim Records, marking her last single since 2011. The 2011 song was a cover of *Dream a Little Dream of Me*. 

In 2013, it was nominated for Best Song of 2012 at the 2013 Golden Globes, but lost to Ana Moura’s "Desfado".
President of the Continental Congress

The **president of the United States in Congress Assembled**, also called as the **president of the Continental Congress** and also the **president of the Congress of the Confederation**, was the presiding officer in the Continental Congress. The Continental Congress was the convention of people in Philadelphia. They met to make the first transitional government of the United States. This was during the American Revolution. The president was a member of Congress elected by the members of the congress. The president would be a discussion moderator in the meetings. This position did not have much power. The office was also unrelated to the President of the United States.

14 men were the president of Congress from September 1774 to November 1788. They came from nine of the original 13 states: Virginia (3), Massachusetts (2), Pennsylvania (2), South Carolina (2), Connecticut, (1), Delaware (1), Maryland (1), New Jersey (1), and New York (1).

## List of presidents
Terms and backgrounds of the 14 men who were the president of the Continental Congress:

## Related pages
*Founding Fathers of the United States

## References
### Works cited
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites
* Presidentsusa.net articles"Other" Presidents 
* United States House of Representatives articleThe Articles of Confederation
The Laws of Cricket

The rules and regulations of cricket are encoded in a specification called ***The Laws of Cricket***. The *Laws* are known to have existed since 1744, though never actually printed until 1755. The code underwent a significant revision in 1774. Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) was founded in 1787 and issued a revised version of the *Laws* on 30 May 1788. The club has owned copyright ever since. Although MCC still has responsibility for drafting and publishing revisions, it does so in consultation with the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 member countries. Following the 2017 revision, there are now 42 *Laws* headed by a preamble on the *Spirit of Cricket*.

## References
Multan men's cricket team

The **Multan** men's cricket team, based at Multan in the Punjab, Pakistan, has been active since 1958. Their home ground is the Multan Cricket Stadium. The team has first-class status, and first competed in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy in 1958–59. They have not won the trophy as of 2025.

## References
Chief of the Tatmadaw True News Information Team

The **Chief of the Tatmadaw True News Information Team** () was the main spokesperson for the Tatmadaw, Myanmar's armed forces. This person led the military’s communication team and spoke at press events, especially after the 2021 military coup. The most well-known holder of this position was Major General Zaw Min Tun.

## Role and responsibilities 
The Chief helped share military news with the public. This included press conferences, official announcements, and responses to criticism. The team worked under the Office of the Commander-in-Chief and was responsible for sharing the military’s point of view. The team operated under the Office of the Commander-in-Chief and acted as the central channel for the military's media outreach.

## Notable officeholders 
Major General Zaw Min Tun was the only known person to hold the role. He also worked as Deputy Minister of Information of Myanmar and spokesperson for the State Administration Council.

## Recent activities 
Zaw Min Tun led many press briefings after the 2021 coup. He defended the military's actions and answered questions from reporters. The team was also involved in public messaging about the Rohingya crisis. In February 2021, Facebook removed the team’s page for breaking its rules. On 21 February 2021, Facebook removed the team's page citing repeated policy violations.

## References
Peshawar men's cricket team

The **Peshawar** men's cricket team, based at Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, has been active since 1956. The team has first-class status, and has competed in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy since 1956–57. They have won the trophy twice, in 1998–99 and 2004–05, and were runners-up to Sialkot in 2024–25. Their home ground is the Arbab Niaz Stadium.

## References
Rawalpindi men's cricket team

The **Rawalpindi** men's cricket team, based at Rawalpindi in the Punjab, Pakistan, has been active since 1958. The team has first-class status, and has competed in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy since 1958–59. They have won the trophy once, in 2013–14. Their home ground is the Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium.

## References
Deputy Minister of Information (Myanmar)

The **Deputy Minister of Information** () is a senior official in the government of Myanmar. This person helps the Minister of Information to manage the country’s media and share information from the government with the public.

There is no fixed term for this position. The government or the military can choose and replace the Deputy Minister at any time.

## Role and responsibilities 
The Deputy Minister helps to manage state-owned newspapers, TV, and radio. They make sure government news and messages are sent to the people. They also help control what is allowed in the media and support national information campaigns. Sometimes, they represent the Ministry of Information at official meetings.

## Notable officeholders 
* Soe Nyunt (2019–present)
* Zaw Min Tun (2021–present)

## Recent activities 
In recent years, the Deputy Minister has helped share messages about government plans and actions.

After the 2021 Myanmar military coup, the office has played a major role in controlling the media and spreading the views of the military government.

## References
Dearly Beloved (Daughtry album)

***Dearly Beloved*** is the sixth studio album by American rock band Daughtry. It was released on September 17, 2021.

Tracklist: 

01. Desperation {04:49}

02. World On Fire {03:35}

03. Heavy Is The Crown {03:55}

04. Changes Are Coming {03:41}

05. Dearly Beloved {03:43}

06. Cry For Help {03:33}

07. Asylum {03:55}

08. Evil {03:32}

09. The Victim {03:41}

10. Somebody {03:40}

11. Call You Mine {04:15}

12. Lioness {03:36

13. Break Into My Heart {03:50}

14. Hunger Strike (ft. Lajon Witherspoon) {04:03}

15. Heavy Is The Crown (Acoustic) {04:08}

16. Changes Are Coming (Acoustic) {04:00}
Head of the Press Team of the State Administration Council

The **Head of the Press Team of the State Administration Council** () is the spokesperson responsible for media relations and public communication on behalf of the State Administration Council (SAC) in Myanmar. The position was created after the 2021 military coup. It is usually held by a senior military officer who speaks for the SAC to people in Myanmar and other countries. Major General Zaw Min Tun has held this role since 2021.

## Duties and functions 
The Head of the Press Team of the SAC manages official communication, press releases, and answers to the media. Under Major General Zaw Min Tun, the role has focused on public messaging, sharing the SAC’s views, and responding to what the SAC calls misinformation. The role is the main contact point between the SAC and the press.

## Incumbent 
Major General Zaw Min Tun has been the head of the press team since the SAC was formed in 2021. During times of political crisis and military rule, the role has been important in sharing the military's point of view in the media, especially after the 2021 coup. He also worked earlier as the Chief of the Tatmadaw True News Information Team.

## References
1934–35 Austrian football championship

The **1933-34 Austrian football championship** was organized by the  Vienna Football Association and contested by its members. The two Second Leagues served as the foundation for the First League. These leagues were open only to professional football clubs. Other  federal state associations organized state championships in various amateur formats. The respective amateur state champions then competed for a champion in the Amateur Championship. Badener AC became amateur champion.

The championship was contested by twelve teams, each of which met twice throughout the season.  SK Rapid Wien won their 11th championship title. Rapid became champions undefeated.

## Final table
Table mode (in case of equal points): 1st criterion goal quotient

## Matches 
## Top scorer
## References
List of heads of state of Spain

(heraldic representation)]]

This is a **list of Spanish heads of state**, who have led the country of Spain.

## Kingdom of Spain (1479–1873)
### House of Trastámara (1479–1555)
### House of Habsburg (1516–1700)

;Disputed claimant

### House of Bourbon (1700–1808)
### House of Bonaparte (1808–1813)
### House of Bourbon (1813–1868; first restoration)
### House of Savoy (1870–1873)
## First Spanish Republic (1873–1874)
### Presidents of the Republic
## Kingdom of Spain (1874–1931)
### House of Bourbon (1874–1931; second restoration)
## Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)
### Presidents of the Republic
## Spanish Republican government in exile (1939–1977)
Presidents in exile

## Francoist Spain (1936–1975)
## Kingdom of Spain (1975–present)
## Related pages
*Monarchy of Spain
**Succession to the Spanish throne
*War of the Spanish Succession
*President of the Republic (Spain)
*Prime Minister of Spain

## Other websites
*Monarchs of Spain (700–present)
Cove Rangers F.C.

**Cove Rangers Football Club** is a Scottish football club based in Altens, Aberdeen. The club is currently playing in Scottish League One. The club play their home matches at Balmoral Stadium

## References
Annan Athletic F.C.

**Annan Athletic Football Club** is a Scottish football club based in Annan, Dumfries and Galloway. The club is currently playing in Scottish League Two. The club play their home matches at Galabank.

## References
We, the Vehicles

***We, the Vehicles*** is the second studio album by Maritime. The album was released on October 28, 2005.

## Track listing
Bonnyrigg Rose F.C.

**Bonnyrigg Rose Football Club** is a Scottish football club based in Bonnyrigg. The club is currently playing in the Scottish Lowland League. The club play their home matches at New Dundas Park.

## References
Flavio Mendoza

**Flavio Ariel Mendoza** (Born; December 22, 1971) is an Argentine dancer, choreographer and artistic director. He has participated in various theater plays and television programs and later held the role of artistic producer, standing out for his work **Stravaganza**.

## Biography
Born in December 1971, he spent his childhood in Mendoza. He comes from a family of several generations of circus performers. He has excelled in arts such as acrobatics, dance, and acting. His first foray into dance was in his teens, performing impersonations of American singer Michael Jackson. He has participated in various plays and television programs and later held the role of artistic producer.

## Stravaganza
**Stravaganza** is the name Mendoza's has given to a series of shows that premiered on December 25, 2011, at the Luxor Theater in **Villa Carlos Paz**, Córdoba province. In all its versions, the show has been notable for its technological innovations.

On December 25, he premiered the first version of his work, **Stravaganza: Water in Art**. In 2012, he resumed his role as a judge on the tv show Bailando por un sueño and presented Stravaganza at the Broadway Theater in Buenos Aires. In 2013, he presented Stravaganza: Estados del tiempo (Stravaganza: States of Time). In 2014, he presented Stravaganza tango.
## Mahatma
Mendoza abandoned the name **Stravaganza**, calling his latest work **Mahatma**. It was inspired by a trip Mendoza himself took to India. It premiered on December 25, 2016, at the Luxor Theater in Villa Carlos Paz in a benefit performance.
## Tent incident in 2025
In 2025, while he was on tour with his circus "Abre tus alas" in the city of Santa Fe, Argentina, a strong storm blew away the tent where the show was taking place in the early morning of May 18. 

At the time of the incident, Mendoza and his team were not inside the tent, so the damages were only material and monetary, “I'm telling you firsthand that we had a terrible storm here in Santa Fe and all the circus facilities were destroyed" mendoza indicated on his social networks about the meteorological event.

After the news spread, the Santa Fe provincial government offered support and solidarity and authorized Mendoza to perform at the former Belgrano Train Station, which now serves as a modern convention center.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official Twitter account of Flavio Mendoza
Alireza Rahmani Moghaddam

**Alireza Rahmani Moghaddam** (Persian: علیرضا رحمانی مقدم, born 18 February 1998) is an Iranian freestyle wrestler. He was born in Borujerd, Iran. He has competed in national and international competitions, and has won several medals.

## Career 
Rahmani Moghaddam started wrestling at a young age. He became known in Iran as a talented and technical wrestler. He has won medals in national youth and junior championships.

Some of his most important achievements include:
* Gold medal and "Most Technical Wrestler" award in Iran's National Cadet Championship
* Gold medal in Iran's National Basij Championship
* Gold medal and "Most Technical Wrestler" award in Iran's National Pahlevani Championship
* Two silver medals in Iran's National Junior Championship
* Silver medal in an international youth tournament

## Personal life 
He was born in Borujerd, a city in Lorestan province, Iran. He is 180 cm tall and weighs 77 kilograms.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Alireza Rahmani Moghaddam on (United World Wrestling (https://uww.org/(https://cms.uww.org/athletes/rasouli-moghaddam-alireza-mohammadreza))
Kian Fan Chung

**Kian Fan Chung** is a British respiratory physician, researcher and academic. He is Professor of Respiratory Medicine at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and Consultant Respiratory Physician at Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust. Chung conducts research on severe asthma, COPD, cough hypersensitivity, and the effects of air pollution and climate change.

## Education
Chung earned his MBBS medical degree from Middlesex Hospital Medical School, University of London, in 1975. He became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 1977, was awarded a research MD in 1983, and received a Doctor of Science (DSc) degree in 2001 from the University of London. He was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1992. He co-led the European Union UBIOPRED Consortium for severe asthma phenotyping, the MyAirCoach project for mobile health asthma management, and international collaborations on pollution and nanoparticle lung toxicity. He is applying machine learning to mobile health data as an indicator of pollution effects.

## Editorial Work and Publications
Chung serves on the editorial boards of *The Lancet Respiratory Medicine*, *Respirology*, and *European Journal of Pharmacology*. He is co-editor of the *Journal of Thoracic Disease*, and previously served as Associate Editor for *Frontiers in Medicine* and *Clinical Respiratory Disease*.

He is the author of over 900 publications and has co-edited books on asthma, COPD, and cough.

## Awards and Honours
* Emeritus Senior Investigator, NIHR (2020–present)
* Fellow of the European Respiratory Society (2014)
* Member of Academia Europaea (2022)

## References
Shanghai Metro Line 3

**Shanghai Metro Line 3** (formerly known as **Mingzhu Line**  ) is a north-south metro line operating by the Shanghai Metro. It connects North Jiangyang Road Station in Baoshan District, Shanghai, China to Shanghai South Railway Station Station in Xuhui District. It is  long. It has 29 stations. It was opened on December 26, 2000.

## Station List 
## References
Yaiba

**Yaiba: Samurai Legend** (Yaiba for short) is a manga series illustrated and written by Gosho Aoyama (author of Kaito Kid and Detective Conan/Case Closed), it was originally serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shonen Sunday from 1988 until 1993.

it received it's first anime adaptation in April of 1993 and it ended in April of 1994. in 2025, it received another anime adaptation that was done by Studio WIT and it is still airing to this day.

it's 1993 adaptation is one of the first Gosho Aoyama works to be properly adapted into a TV anime.

## International releases 
the manga has been released in the United States by the American publishing company, Viz Media for online reading (with a physical version that came out on July 7 2025). and in Germany it was released by Egmont Manga.

## references
India women's cricket team

The **India Women** cricket team has been active since 1975. It is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), which is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). India Women play all forms of international cricket: Test, One Day International (ODI), and Twenty20 International (T20I).
 in 2017.]]

## References
Magnesium chloride

**Magnesium chloride** is a chemical compound made of magnesium and chlorine. It has the chemical formula . It is the main ingredient used to make magnesium metal.

It is hygroscopic, meaning it attracts water to form hydrates easily. 

## Preparation 
Hydrated magnesium chloride is mostly made from brine. The anhydrous (water-free) salt cannot be made by heating the hydrate because it will decompose into hydrogen chloride and magnesium hydroxychlorides. Instead, the water-free salt is made by heating ammonia complexes.

## Uses 
Electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride is the main way people make elemental magnesium metal. This also makes chlorine gas. Magnesium chloride can also be reduced by strong reducing agents like potassium.

## Sources
Lowland Football League

The **Scottish Lowland Football League**, commonly known as the **Lowland League**, is the fifth division of Scottish football with teams based in central and southern Scotland. The league acts as a feeder to the Scottish Professional Football League, and is above three regional leagues, East of Scotland Football League, South of Scotland Football League and West of Scotland Football League. The League was formed in June 2013 by the Scottish Football Association. The  season will be the last season in the current format ahead of the league splitting into the **Lowland League East** and **Lowland League West** for the 2026–27 season. 

## Clubs
*Main article*: '**

## Winners
The club in **bold''' won the Pyramid play-off and were promoted to the Scottish League Two.

## References