open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Skeleton key

A **skeleton key** (also **master key** or **pass key**) is a key that can open all of the locks in a set. 

For example, in an office building, each employee would have a key that only opens his/her office, and the manager or owner would have a key that opens all of the offices in that building. 

More complicated setups are also possible. For example, if there are cleaners in the office building, and each cleaner only cleans one floor, the cleaner for a each floor could have a *sub-master* key that opens only the offices on that floor, while each employee still has a key that opens only his/her office and the manager still has a key that opens all of the doors. The exterior doors might also be configured so that they can be opened by any employee key, cleaner key, or the manager's master key. The more complicated the setup, the more important it is to use locks that have a large number of key possibilities. Disc-detainer locks are especially suitable for master keying due to their large number of key possibilities.
Canterbury, Connecticut

**Canterbury** is a town in Windham County, Connecticut. The population was 5,045 at the 2020 census. The racial makeup of the town was 89.45% White, 1.27% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 1.47% from other races, and 6.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.16% of the population.

## History 
The town was founded in the 1680s as **Peagscomsuck** until 1703. In 1832, Prudence Crandall, a school teacher, opened the first school for African American girls. The "Black Law" did not allow the education of black people. However, Crandall taught until she was sent to prison in 1832 for a short time. Angry  forced the school to close in 1834. Crandall later married and moved out of the state. Connecticut ended the "Black Law" in 1838. They also gave Crandall a small pension in 1886, four years before her death. The school is now the Prudence Crandall Museum.

## References
Refrain

A **refrain** is a verse or group of verses that is repeated at intervals in a piece of music or poetry. In song, it is often called the **chorus**. The refrain is often very different from the verse in melody, rhythm, and harmonics. It usually has a higher level of dynamics and activity, often with added instrumentation.
## Origin
The word comes from the vulgar Latin word *refringere*, and later from the Old French *refraindre*, both of which mean "to repeat".

## Music
In music, a refrain has two parts: the lyrics of the song, and the melody. Sometimes refrains use slightly different words as they are repeated. Such lines are still able to be recognised as part of the refrain by the fact that it is always has the same tune or melody. The rhymes, if present, are also kept even if the words are sometimes different. In popular music, the chorus contrasts with the verse, which leads into it, while the bridge contrasts with and leads into both. Many popular songs from the middle of the 20th century consist only of a chorus.

## Related pages
* Hymn
* Repetition
* Pop music
* Rock music
* Church music
* Gregorian chant
* Verse-chorus form

## References
Chikugo Province

) with Chikugo Province highlighted]]

 is the name of a old province of Japan in the area that is today the southern part of Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū.  Along with Chikuzen Province, it was sometimes called  

Chikugo had borders with Hizen, Chikuzen, Bungo, and Higo Provinces.

## History
The ancient capital city of the province was near Kurume, Fukuoka.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Chikugo Province were reformed in the 1870s.

### Timeline of notable events
* **1359** (*Enbun 4*): Battle of Chikugo River (*Chikugogawa*), Ashikaga gain a military victory.
* **1361** (*Enbun 6*) : Imperial forces led by Kikuchi Takemitsu capture Dazaifu.

## Shrines and Temples
*Kōra taisha* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Chikugo.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Chikugo Seamount
* Chikugo, Fukuoka

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Chikuzen Province

was an old province of Japan in the area that is today part of Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū.   Along with Chikugo Province, it was sometimes called .

Chikuzen had borders with Buzen, Bungo, Chikugo, and Hizen Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Dazaifu.

## History
At the end of the 13th century, Chikuzen was the landing point for a Mongol invasion force. But the main force was destroyed by a typhoon which was later called *kamikaze*.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Chikuzen Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Sumiyoshi-jinja* and *Hakosagi-gū* were the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of Chikuzen.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan
* Chikuzen Seamount

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Windows Live Mail

**Windows Live Mail** is an email client made by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows Live set of products. The application takes over Outlook Express on Windows XP and Windows Mail on Windows Vista. You can download Windows Live Mail for free as part of the Windows Live Essentials suite.

## References
Hyūga Province

) with Hyūga Province highlighted]]
 was an old province of Japan in the area of Miyazaki Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. It was sometimes called  or . 

Hyūga had borders with Bungo, Higo, Ōsumi, and Satsuma  Province.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Saito.

## History
, 1856]]
In Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, Hyūga is called  in Tsukushi-no-shima, with Tsukushi, Toyo and Hi Province.

In 713 (*Wadō 6, 3rd month*), the province of Hyūga was  from Ōsumi.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Hyūga Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Tsuno jinja* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Hyūga.

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Charles Cecil

**Charles Cecil** MBE (born 11 August 1962) is an English video game designer. He has worked in the interactive entertainment industry for 25 years. He is currently the Managing Director for UK based company Revolution Software which has released such critical and commercial hits as *Beneath a Steel Sky* and the *Broken Sword* series. Cecil is on the advisory panel of the Edinburgh Interactive Entertainment Festival, and Develop Conference and regularly talks at events and to mainstream press about creative and commercial  of the video games industry. He is also a co-founder and director of Game Republic, an alliance of game developers, and is a Board member of Screen Yorkshire, a regional agency that supports movie, television and interactive entertainment in Yorkshire. In 2006, Cecil was awarded the status of ‘industry legend’ by Develop, Europe’s leading development magazine.
Hizen Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Saga Prefecture and Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū.  Along with Higo Province, it was sometimes called .

Hizen had borders with the provinces of Chikuzen and Chikugo.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Saga.

## History
, 1854-1856]]
The name "Hizen" dates from the Nara Period, when the province was divided from Higo Province. The name appears in the *Shoku Nihongi*.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Hizen Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Kawakami jinja* and *Chiriku Hachiman-gū* were the chief Shinto shrines (*ichinomiya*) of Hizen.

## Related pages
* Hizen Seamount

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
* National Archives of Japan: *Hinozenshu sanbutsu zuko*, scroll showing illustrated inventory of industries in Hizen, ''An'ei'' 2 (1773)
Apollo 4

**Apollo 4** was the first unmanned test flight mission of the Saturn V launch vehicle. This was the rocket used in the Apollo program to send the first men to the Moon. The rocket was launched on November 9, 1967 from the Kennedy Space Center. NASA said that the mission was a complete success, and it helped the Apollo program very much.

## References
Alfred Maurer

still life by Alfred Maurer, about 1908/1910]]
 by Alfred Maurer, ~1908]]

**Alfred Henry Maurer** (April 21, 1868 &ndash; August 4, 1932) was an American modernist painter. He exhibited his work in avant-garde circles during the early 20th century.

Maurer was born in New York City, the son of a German lithographer. At the age of sixteen, Maurer quit school to work at his father's lithographic firm. In 1897 Maurer left for Paris, where he stayed the next four years, joining a circle of American and French artists. At the time, Maurer's style was realist. 

Briefly returning to New York, he was determined to show his skeptical father that he could paint. Maurer painted what arguably is his most famous painting *An Arrangement*, using a woman next door as a model and completing the work (on a borrowed piece of cardboard) in a matter of hours. The painting received first prize at the 1901 Carnegie International Exhibition. Other awards received by Maurer included the Inness Jr. prize of the Salmagundi Club in 1900 and a bronze medal at the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, New York in 1901. In 1905 he won the third medal at the Liège International Exposition and a gold medal at the International Exposition in Munich. 

At the age of thirty-six, in Paris, Maurer changed his methods sharply. From that point on he painted only in the cubist and fauvist manner. By 1909 he was an important American avant-garde painter. He had a two-man exhibition with John Marin in New York City at the 291 Gallery. Four of his paintings were included in the Armory Show of 1913.

Leaving Paris shortly before World War I, he returned to his father's house, but was denied support. For the next 17 years, Maurer painted in a garret in his father's house, and gained no critical acclaim. However, he took part in exhibitions at the Anderson Galleries and others. He exhibited regularly at the New York Society of Independent Artists and was elected their director in 1919. In 1924 the New York dealer Erhard Weyhe bought the contents of Maurer's studio and represented the artist for the remainder of his career.
Arthur Dove

**Arthur Garfield Dove** (August 2, 1880 &ndash; November 23, 1946) was an American artist. An early American modernist, he was the first American abstract painter to be shown publicly. In recent years it has become clear that Manierre Dawson was probably slightly ahead of Dove and Kandinsky in producing pure abstracts.
## Selected paintings by Arthur Dove 

File:Arthur Dove, 1911-12, Based on Leaf Forms and Spaces, pastel on unidentified support. Now lost.jpg|1911–12
File:Arthur Dove - Sails.jpg|1911–12
File:Dove Arthur Dark Abstraction 1917.jpg|*Dark Abstraction*, 1917
File:Arthur Dove, Clouds and Water, 1930, oil on canvas, 75.2 x 100.6 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|*Clouds and Water*, 1930
File:Arthur Dove, Moon, 1935, oil on canvas, 88.9 x 63.5 cm, National Gallery of Art.jpg|*Moon*, 1935
File:04 PERCENT.PNG|"04 PERCENT" 1942
File:Arthur dove, sole d'argento, 1929.jpg|1929
File:Arthur garfield dove, riflessi, 1935.jpg|1935
File:Thunder Shower by Arthur Dove, 1940, oil and wax.JPG|1940
File:Silver Ball, Barge, and Trees MET DP242082.jpg|1930

## References 
## Sources
* Morgan, Ann Lee 1984. *Arthur Dove: life and work, with a catalogue raisonné*. University of Delaware Press.
Dynamical systems theory

is an example of a non-linear dynamical system. Studying this system helped to start Chaos theory.]]
**Dynamical systems theory** is a field of applied mathematics that studies objects that change over time. Mathematicians in this field study equations that define these objects. A classic example includes equations of motion, which have been used to learn about basic behavior of mechanical systems. Equations can either describe changes across finite periods of time (or difference equations) or changes with time being continuous time (differential equations). When differential equations are used, the theory is called *continuous* dynamical systems theory. When difference equations are used, it is called *discrete* dynamical systems theory.

The theory looks at the long-term behaviour of dynamical systems. The study also includes the motion of planets, or electronic circuits.
Don Bluth

**Donald Virgil "Don" Bluth** (born September 13, 1937) is an American animator and independent studio owner. He is best known for leaving The Walt Disney Company in 1979 and later directing of animated movies such as *The Secret of NIMH* (1982), *An American Tail* (1986), *The Land Before Time* (1988), *All Dogs Go to Heaven* (1989), *Anastasia* (1997), and *Titan A.E.* (2000), as well as his work on the laserdisc game ''Dragon's Lair*. 

He is also often credited for providing competition to Disney, and making them improve from their streak of less-successful movie efforts to the movies that would make up the Disney Renaissance.

## Filmography
### Director
**Pete's Dragon* (1977, animation director)
**The Small One* (1978, short film)
**Banjo the Woodpile Cat* (1979, short film)
*The Fox and the Hound (1981 film) (1981) (animator)
**The Secret of NIMH* (1982)
**Dragon's Lair* (1983, video game)
**Space Ace* (1984, video game)
**An American Tail* (1986, also storyboard)
**The Land Before Time* (1988, also co-storyboard and production designer)
**All Dogs Go to Heaven* (1989)
**Dragon's Lair II: Time Warp* (1991, video game)
**Rock-a-Doodle* (1991)
**Thumbelina* (1994)
**A Troll in Central Park* (1994)
**The Pebble and the Penguin* (1995, uncredited)
**Anastasia* (1997)
**Bartok the Magnificent* (1999, direct-to-video)
**Titan A.E.* (2000)

### Other roles
**Sleeping Beauty* (1959, assistant animator, uncredited)
**Fantastic Voyage* (1968, TV series, layout artist)
**Archie and His New Pals* (1969, TV special, layout artist)
**Will the Real Jerry Lewis Please Sit Down* (1970, TV series, layout artist)
**Sabrina and the Groovie Goolies* (1970, TV series, layout artist)
**Journey Back to Oz* (1972, layout artist)
**Robin Hood* (1973, character animator)
**Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too* (1974, short film, character animator)
**The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh* (1977, character animator)
**The Rescuers* (1977, directing animator)
**The Small One* (1978, animator, uncredited)
**Banjo the Woodpile Cat* (1979, animator)
**Xanadu* (1980, animated sequence unit, animator)
**The Fox and the Hound* (1981, animator, uncredited)
**The Secret of NIMH* (1982, directing animator)
**The Black Cauldron* (1985, animator, uncredited)
**The Great Mouse Detective* (1986, animator, uncredited)
**Oliver & Company* (1988, animator, uncredited)
**The Little Mermaid* (1989, animator, uncredited)
**Dragon's Lair 3D: Return to the Lair* (2002, video game, animator)
*"Mary" by the Scissor Sisters (2004, animated segments of music video)
**Gift of the Hoopoe* (2009, short film, storyboard artist only)
**Tapper World Tour'' (2011, video game, animator)

## References
Pierre Guéry

**Pierre Guéry** (born 1965) is a French writer, poet and performer.

## Life and work
Born in Marseille (France), he studied music, drama and modern dance and gained a doctorate in literature and phonetics.

These various strands merge in his poetic work. He is a performance poet, for whom very different places can be stages for his reading. Illness, madness and mourning are the main subjects of his sound poetry. He uses his voice in many different ways in his performances, from whispering to screaming, from sounds that are not words to formal reciting.

Since 2006 he has been taking part in various poetic and artistic events in France, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Lebanon.

In 2009 he translated the *Poems of Guantanamo* into French, and he has translated some work of important beat poets and spoken word artists such as Anne Waldman and Lawrence Ferlinghetti, from the American.

## Works
### Audio Recordings
* *Kit to be hacked*, electronic poems, L'Ovni Tendre/Bourbaki, 2000
* *Slackness*, electronic poems 2, L'Ovni Tendre/Bourbaki, 2002
* *Alien-Nation*, Plaine Page, 2008

### Books
#### Author
* *Alien-Nation* (poetry), Bookleg, Maelström, 2006
* *Bascule* (poetry), Bookleg, Maelström, 2006
* *Erotographie* (poetry), Biliki, 2007
* *En quel pays étrange* (poetry), Compact, Maelström, 2009
* *HP 1999* (novel), Sens&Tonka/L'une&l'autre, 2009
* *Week-end avec Hellènes- Error in fabula* (novel), Sens&Tonka/L'une&l'autre, 2010
* *Poéstreet, des marches de poésie urbaine* (poetry), Compact, Maelström, 2011
* *La Rhétorique des culs* (novel), Sens&Tonka/L'une&l'autre, 2011
* *Psyché Extérieur Nuit* (poetry), Compact, Maelström, 2018
* *My Talking Heads* (poetry), Maelström, 2025

#### Translator
* *Fast Speaking Woman*, Anne Waldman, Maelström, 2008
* *Poems of Guantanamo*- *Poèmes de Guantanamo*, Biliki, 2009
* *Soldiering/ Soldatesque*, Anne Waldman, Maelström, 2011
* *Fire and sage/ De sauge et de feu*, Moe Clark, Maelström, 2013
* *Courants noirs, complete poetry works*, Nikos Kavvadias, Signes et balises, 2022

## References
Sol Linowitz

**Sol Myron Linowitz** (December 7, 1913 – March 18, 2005) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and businessman born in Trenton, NJ.

He was a graduate of Trenton Central High School, Hamilton College and Cornell Law School. Early in his law career, he helped Xerox get patents on office copier inventions.

Linowitz helped negotiate the return of the Panama Canal to Panama under the direction of President Jimmy Carter.  Besides being a career diplomat, lawyer, and one time chairman of Xerox, he wrote two books, "The Making of a Public Man: A Memoir", and "The Betrayed Profession".
 
He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He served on the Cornell University Board of Trustees.

## References
Infinitesimal

**Infinitesimals** are quantities that are too small to measure. 

## Infinitesimal calculus 
Newton and Leibniz developed the calculus based on an intuitive notion of an infinitesimal. In 1870, Karl Weierstraß provided the first rigorous treatment of the calculus, using the limit method. But in 1960, Abraham Robinson found that infinitesimals also provide a rigorous basis for the calculus. Many calculus courses still begin with the difficult limit concept, but others now adopt the easier to understand infinitesimal concept.

In differential calculus, in both the limit and infinitesimal versions, the velocity of a particle is represented by \tfrac{ds}{dt}, where *s* is the position of the particle and *t* the time at which the velocity is measured. In infinitesimal calculus, d*s* and d*t* are simply very small quantities. In general, the term dx is called the differential of the variable x.

Assume that *s* = *t*2, we have that at time *t* + d*t*, *s* + d*s* = (t + d*t*)2. From these equations, we can determine d*s* in terms of d*t* by using simple algebra as follows:

    \begin{align} ds & = (t + dt)^2-t^2 
  \\ & = t^2 + 2t(dt) + (dt)^2-t^2 \\ & = 2t(dt) + (dt)^2 \end{align}
which means that:

     v = \frac{ds}{dt} = 2t + dt

Because d*t* is infinitesimal, one can just ignore it, so the instantanous velocity is *v* = 2*t*. One gets the same result using the limit version, with greater rigour. The infinitesimal derivation can also be made more rigorous.

## Related pages 
* Derivative (mathematics)

## References 
### Citations 
### Sources
* B. Crowell, "Calculus" (2003)
* J. Keisler, "Elementary Calculus" (2000) University of Wisconsin
* K. Stroyan "Foundations of Infinitesimal Calculus"  (1993)
Teddy Stadium

**Teddy Stadium** (, *Itztadion Teddy*) is a football stadium in Jerusalem, Israel. It is the home ground of Beitar Jerusalem F.C. and Hapoel Jerusalem F.C. It is named after the long time Jerusalem mayor Teddy Kollek. For Beitar the stadium was important. They played at the YMCA Stadium. That stadium was nicknamed "The Sandbox" because of its bad ground conditions.

Originally only the west and east sides of the stadium were built giving it a capacity of 13,000. In 1999 work was finished on a north side. Now the capacity is 31,733.

The stadium itself is one of the newest in Israel and meets all European standards. The stadium has 5,000 parking spots and is connected to the Malha Mall and its parking facilities by a pedestrian bridge. The stadium is located at the Begin Expressway and the Malha Train Station. So people can go to the stadium either by car or rail.

Teddy Stadium has hosted international football matches. It was also the place for the Maccabiah Games opening ceremony and other public events.

## References
Barrington Pheloung

**Barrington Somers Pheloung** (10 May 1954 – 1 August 2019) was an Australian composer. He lived in England. He is one of the most prolific television and movie composers in the UK, known for his wide range of compositional genres.

Best known for the theme and incidental music to the *Inspector Morse*, for which he was nominated for 'Best Original Television Music' at the British Academy Television Awards in 1991, the sequel * Lewis*, and the prequel *Endeavour*. He has also composed for dance companies, such as the London Contemporary Dance Theatre, and for events, including the opening night of the Millennium Dome.. Pheloung also wrote the theme music for the BBC television series Dalziel & Pascoe.

His film work, includes *Hillary and Jackie*, based on the life of the cellist Jacqueline du Pré, for which he was nominated for the 'Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music' at the 52nd British Academy Film Awards.  Other works include *A Previous Engagement*, *The Little Fugitive*, *Shopgirl*, *Touching Wild Horses*, *Twin Dragons*, *Shopping* and *The Mangler*.

He died in August 2019 at the age of 65 of respiratory failure.

## Discography 
* Red Riding, 2009
* Lewis, Music from Series 1 & 2, 2008
* And When Did You Last See Your Father? 2007
* Shopgirl, 2006
* The Magic of Inspector Morse, 2000
* Inspirations, 2001
* Hilary and Jackie, 1998
* The Passion of Morse, 1997
* The Essential Inspector Morse Collection, 1995
* Shopping, 1994
* Nostradamus, 1994
* Days of Majesty, 1993
* Inspector Morse Vol. 3, 1992
* Inspector Morse Vol. 2, 1992
* Inspector Morse Vol. 1, 1991

## Credits 
* Endeavour, 2012
* Red Riding, 2009
* Incendiary, 2008
* And When Did You Last See Your Father? 2007
* Lewis, 2006 -
* Shopgirl, 2005
* Touching Wild Horses, 2002
* Hilary and Jackie, 1998
* Twin Dragons, 1996
* The Saint-Exupery Story, 1995
* The Mangler, 1994
* Nostradamus, 1994
* Truly Madly Deeply, 1991
* Friendships’s Death, 1987
* Inspector Morse, 1987 - 2000

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
*
* http://www.inspectormorse.co.uk/ 
* http://www.itv.com/Drama/copsandcrime/Lewis/default.html
Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris

'''Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris''', commonly named Sup'Biotech, is a French private university establishment. It is in Villejuif (close to Paris), and in Lyon, France. The school was created in 2003. Sup'Biotech specialises in Biotechnology. The school is part of IONIS Education Group.

## Bibliography 
* *Biotechnologies. Les promesses du vivant.*, Villejuif, FYP Éditions, 2015, 256 p. ()
* *Planète biotech - 2030 : la vie avec les biotechnologies*, Villejuif, FYP Éditions, 2023, 254 p. ()

## References
North Downs

The **North Downs** are a group of hills in southeast England. The contain a large amount of chalk. The North Downs stretch from The White Cliffs of Dover in Kent to Farnham in Surrey.  There are many beautiful places in the area which are called Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs).
Linzer Stadion

The **Stadion der Stadt Linz** (City of Linz Stadium) is the largest stadium in Upper Austria. It is also known as Gugl stadium after the hill it is situated on. It was built in 1952. It was renovated and adapted often since this year. At the moment there are adaption works. After this the stadium is for 20 000 people.

The stadium is owned by LIVA. The LIVA is the event agency of the City of Linz. The stadium is the homeground of LASK Linz and Blau Weiß Linz. Beetween 1988 and 2008 there was an annual  track and field athletics meeting. 

The stadium was demolished in 2021. The Raiffeisen Arena was built in its place.
## Other websites 
* LIVA Stadion (German)
European Aviation Safety Agency

The **European Aviation Safety Agency** (**EASA**) is a working group of the European Union (EU). The agency offices are in Cologne, Germany. EASA which has been given regulatory and executive tasks in the field of civilian aviation safety. The current Head of the EASA is Luc Tytgat.

## History
EASA was created on 15 July 2002. The agency took over functions of the JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities) in 2008.

## Functions
The Agency’s responsibility and jurisdiction include
* Rulemaking in the fields of air operations and pilot licensing
* Oversight of Third Country Operators
The EASA is the European point of reference in aviation safety. The agency has taken over functions of the National Aviation Authorities (NAAs). This is part of the process of standardisation across the EU. EASA assists the European Commission in international harmonisation agreements.

EASA is tasked by Article 15(4) of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008 to provide a review of aviation safety each year. The *Annual Safety Review* presents statistics on European and worldwide civil aviation safety.

## Related pages 
* Civil Aviation Authority
* ICAO

## References 
## Other websites 
* EASA website
* EASA member states 
* European Strategic Safety Initiative
École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées

'''École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées'*, commonly named EPITA, is a French private, non-profit university. It is in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (close to Paris), Rennes, Lyon, Strasbourg, Toulouse and La Défense, France. The school was created in 1984.
EPITA is specialized in the different fields of IT. The school is part of IONIS Education Group and *Conférence des Grandes Écoles*. Since 1997, the head is Joël Courtois.

## Notable Alumni
* Nicolas Sadirac (1992), founder and former head of the *École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies*

## Bibliography 
* *De mémoire vive'', Une histoire de l'aventure numérique, Philippe Dewost, Cédric Villani, Éditions Première Partie, 2022, 386p. .

## References
Iki Province

) with Iki Province highlighted]]

 was an island province of Japan in the area of Nagasaki Prefecture near the island of Kyūshū.  The province is also known as  . 

The province was Iki Island.  

## History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Iki Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Amanotanagao jinja* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Iki.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
McAfee

**McAfee, Inc.** is a computer security company. Its headquarters are in Santa Clara, California, United States. It sells software and services to home users, businesses and the public sector. It was founded in 1987. Intel bought McAfee in 2010.

## References
National Historic Landmark

]]
's Taliesin is a National Historic Landmark]]
, is the only National Historic Landmark on foreign soil.]]
, the seat of government for the Navajo Nation, Window Rock, Arizona.]]
, a resort
hotel on Shawangunk Ridge; site of 1895-1916 conference that led to establishment of Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague]]
 at Dealey Plaza, Dallas Texas.]]

A **National Historic Landmark** (**NHL**) is a building, , structure, object, or district with historical importance. The United States government marks them as NHLs only if they have high historical significance. Out of more than 80,000 places on the National Register of Historic Places only about 2,430 are NHLs.

A **National Historic Landmark District** (**NHLD**) is a historic district that is recognized as an NHL.  It may include contributing properties that have buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties.

## History
On October 9, 1960, Secretary of the Interior Fred Andrew Seaton announced 92 properties as NHLs.  The first of these was a political nomination, Sergeant Floyd Grave and Monument in Sioux City, Iowa as officially designated on June 30 of that year, but for various reasons the public announcement of the first several NHLs was delayed.

## Criteria
NHLs are designated by the United States Secretary of the Interior because they are:
* Sites where events of national historical significance ;
* Places where prominent persons lived or worked;
* Icons (symbols) of ideals that shaped the nation;
* Outstanding examples of design or construction;
* Places characterizing a way of life; or
* Archeological sites able to yield information.

## Overview of current NHLs
Of the 2,442 or so current NHLs, 3 states, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New York account for nearly 25 percent of the nation's NHLs. In addition to these states, cities within these states, Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City (each separately) alone have more NHLs than 40 out of the 50 states. There are NHLs in all 50 states.  There are 74 in the District of Columbia, 15 in Puerto Rico and other U.S. commonwealths and territories, five in U.S.-associated states such as Micronesia, and one in Morocco.

There are 128 ships or shipwrecks that are NHLs.

## Other
About half of the National Historic Landmarks are privately owned. The National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks. The National Historic Landmark Stewards Association is a friends' group of owners and managers who works to preserve, protect and promote National Historic Landmarks.

If not already listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation. About three percent of Register listings are NHLs.

## References
## Other websites
* National Historic Landmarks Program Official website
** A History of the NHL Program
** List of NHLs
* National Historic Landmarks: Archaeological Properties
Second Battle of Ypres

The **Second Battle of Ypres** was a battle of the First World War. It was fought for control of the town of Ypres in western Belgium. It happened in the spring of 1915. The allies captured the hill five days before the Second battle of Ypres began. Hill 60 was on the southeast edge of the Ypres Salient. Before the second battle at Ypres, the Germans had placed 5,700 chlorine gas cylinders in front of their trenches. For weeks before the battle, the allied high command picked up intelligence the Germans intended to use poison gas. However, they didn't believe the Germans would do it.

## Gas attacks 
The first casualties of the chlorine gas attack in World War One were the French (mostly Algerian soldiers). They were not trained for this kind of attack. When the first Chlorine gas was released into the air, the French began to retreat in massive numbers.

Some Germans were exposed to the gas as well.  By the end of the battle the Allies and Germans had suffered massive casualties.  The Canadians alone suffered over 6000 casualties. The first attempt was at the Battle of Bolimov, Russia in February 1915. The freezing temperatures caused the gas to fall to the ground harmlessly.

## References
Clay Mathematics Institute

The **Clay Mathematics Institute** (CMI) is a private, non-profit foundation, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The institute is dedicated to increasing and disseminating mathematical knowledge. It gives out various awards and sponsorships to promising mathematicians. Boston businessman Landon T. Clay and his wife, Lavinia D. Clay started it in 1998. Harvard University mathematician Arthur Jaffe was the first president of CMI.

The institute is best known for its Millennium Prize Problems, a list of the seven most important unsolved mathematical questions. Of these, only the Poincaré conjecture has since been solved. The Clay Institute also does other things, including a postdoctoral program (ten Clay Research Fellows are supported each year) and an annual summer school, the proceedings of which are published jointly with the American Mathematical Society.

## References
Socialite

A **socialite** is a wealthy and famous person who takes part in social activities and spends a large amount of time entertaining and being entertained at upper-class events. 

The term includes many people who are "famous because they are famous". These people are not famous because of something they have done. They are famous most often because of which family they are a member of and/or how they are talked about by the media.

In history, many socialites were aristocrats who attended gatherings of other wealthy people. Many of them also had close ties to the British royal family and the House of Lords. Some modern socialites include Paris Hilton and Kim Kardashian.

## Social register 
American socialites used to be listed in the **Social Register**. It was a list of names and addresses of the people who were thought to be more socially acceptable in the socially important families in the 19th century. In 1886, Louis Keller had the idea of combining these lists and selling them. Mr. Keller had great success. By 1918 there were 18 yearly volumes that covered 26 cities.

## Related pages
* Upper class

## References
Duo Dickinson

**George "Duo" Dickinson** (born August, 21, 1955) is an American architect.  He has built over 500 projects in over 10 states, with budgets ranging from $5,000 to $5,000,000.  He maintains an office of 10 staff members in Madison, Connecticut.

## Life and career
Dickinson graduated from Cornell in 1977 with a Bachelor's degree in Architecture and opened his own architectural practice in 1987. He is licensed in Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Texas, Florida, Arizona, Oklahoma, Minnesota and Tennessee.

;Books
*1994: *Small Houses for the Next Century.* McGraw Hill 
*1996: *Expressive Details: Materials, Selection, Use.* McGraw Hill 
*2004: *The House You Build.*Taunton Press 
*2007: *House on a Budget.* Taunton Press 
*2011: *Staying Put: Remodel Your House to Get the Home You Want* Taunton Press 

## Academia
Dickinson has taught at Yale College, Roger Williams University and at the Harvard Graduate School of Design Summer Program. Additionally he has lectured at dozens of universities, AIA associations, and at national conventions and gatherings.

## Media
Dickinson was the co-host of the CNN/Money Magazine web series *Home Work*.  He was under contract with Lightworks Producing Group to create production ideas for cable television programming focusing on residential design and is in production with Bruce Barber on a regional radio program *The Real Life Survival Guide* scheduled to begin airing in 2011. He has appeared on a variety of national media platforms, including Heritage Radio Network's *Burning Down the House*, CNN’s *Open House*,  NPR’s *Studio 360* and *Weekend Marketplace*.

## Community
Dickinson sits on the board of seven not-for-profit organizations, including the New Haven Chapter of Habitat for Humanity, the Katherine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center, and Madison Cultural Arts.   Additionally, 20-30% of the ongoing work in his office is dedicated to *pro bono* or at-cost work for not-for-profits, totaling over 50 projects for over 30 organizations over the last 25 years.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*"An Architect Who Puts Work Before Worship", *New York Times*
Lauderhill, Florida

**Lauderhill** is a town in south Florida. It is in Broward County, ten miles from the Atlantic Ocean.

In 2020, 74,482 people lived there. More than 75% of the population is black. Many are Jamaicans and other Caribbean people who immigrated in the last 40 years. About 9% are white, mostly old people retired from New England.

## References 
## Other websites 
* City of Lauderhill official website
Thomas Schaaf

**Thomas Schaaf** (born 30 April 1961 in Mannheim) is a former German football player. Schaaf was a defender.

## Career
After the death of his father the Schaaf family went to Bremen. They lived near the Weser Stadion, and Thomas Schaaf came to SV Werder. He spent all his active and manager time with SV Werder. In 1972 he came to Werder Bremen's youth academy. In 1978 he turned professional. From 1978 to 1994 he played 281 matches for Werder Bremen. He was twice German champion with Bremen, in 1988 and 1993, and twice Cup winner (1991, 1994). He also won the UEFA Cup  in 1992. As player he played two times for the German U21 national team.

Schaaf began his coaching career during his active career. He was then coach of Werder's youth teams U17 (1987/88) and U19 (1988 - 1995). From 1993 to 1995 he was assistance coach in the first team. After four years as coach with the second team he became coach of the first team in 1999. He is still coach. As coach of the first team he won the German Bundesliga in 2004 and was three times Cup winner (1999, 2004, 2009). From 2004 his team qualified 5 times for the  UEFA Champions League.

Thomas Schaaf is married and has a daughter. He is also engaged in social issues. He is ambassador for the "Zentrum für trauernde Kinder und Jugendliche " (center for mourning children and youths).

## Career statistics
### Club
### Manager
## Notes
## References
## Other websites 
* Fansite Thomas Schaaf (German) 
* Profile Official Werder Homepage (German)
Monica Iozzi

**Monica Iozzi de Castro** (November 2, 1981 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil) is a Brazilian actress and reporter. Currently she integrates the TV Show *Custe o Que Custar* of the Rede Bandeirantes.

## References
Tsushima Province

) with Tsushima Province highlighted]]
 was a Japanese island province off the west coast of the island of Kyushu. It was sometimes called  .

The province was the Tsushima Islands, which is today part of Nagasaki Prefecture.

The capital city of the province was located at Izuhara.

## History
, 1853]]
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Tsushima Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Kaijin jinja* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Tsushima.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Rockefeller family

The **Rockefeller family** () is the Cleveland family of John D. Rockefeller (1839–1937) and his brother William Rockefeller (1841–1922).  They are an American industrial, banking, and political family that originally came from Germany.  They made one of the world's largest private fortunes in the oil business during the late 19th and early 20th century.  This was mainly through the Standard Oil Company.

The family has a long association with and financial interest in the Chase Manhattan Bank, now JPMorgan Chase.  They as one of the most powerful groups inside the United States and are well connected to the banking industry.  Their ancestor, Johann Peter Rockefeller, moved to North America in 1723 from what is today Westerwald, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Notes
## References 
* Rose, Kenneth W., *Select Rockefeller Philanthropies*, Booklet (pdf, 23 pages) of the Rockefeller Archive Center, 2004.
* Origin of *Rockenfeld*, in German 
* Descendants of *Goddard Rockenfeller*
* Listing of University of Chicago Nobel Laureates, News Office, University of Chicago website, undated.
* Depalma, Anthony, *They Saved Land Like Rockefellers*, The New York Times Archive, November 15, 2005.
* Carnegie Corporation of New York, Celebrating 100 years of Andrew Carnegie's Philanthropy - awarding the inaugural *Andrew Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy* to David and Laurance Rockefeller, 2001.
* The Rockefeller Archive Center, John D. Rockefeller, Junior, 1874–1960, Overview of his life and philanthropy, 1997.
* Strom, Stephanie, *Manhattan: A Rockefeller Plans a Huge Bequest*, The New York Times Archive, November 21, 2006.
* O'Connell, Dennis, *Top 10 Richest Men Of All Time*, AskMen.com, undated.
Mimasaka Province

) with Mimasaka Province highlighted]]

 or  was an old province of Japan in the area of Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshū. 

The province had borders with Bitchū, Bizen, Harima, Hōki, and Inaba Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was Tsuyama. 

## History
, 1853]]
In 713 (*Wadō 6, 3rd month*), the land of Mimasaka was  from Bizen Province.   

Mimasaka was the home of the samurai Miyamoto Musashi who is known for writing *The Book of Five Rings*.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Mimasaka Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples
*Nakayama jinja* was the chief Shinto shrine (*ichinomiya*) of Mimasaka.  

## Related pages
* Provinces of Japan
* Prefectures of Japan
* List of regions of Japan
* List of islands of Japan

## References
## Other websites 
* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Apollo 5

**Apollo 5** was the first unmanned test flight of the Apollo Lunar Module. The Apollo Lunar Module was the lander part of Apollo spacecraft. The module was launched in 

January 22, 1968 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

## References
Ōhō

was a  after *Eiryaku* and before *Chōkan.*  This period started in September 1161 and ended in March 1163.  During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the *Ōhō* era
* **1161** (*Ōhō 1, 2nd month*): The emperor visited Kasuga Shrine and other shrines which were situated just outside the boundaries of the capital city.

* **31 July 1162** (*Ōhō 2, 18th day of the 6th month*): Fujiwara no Tadazane died.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Jōgan

was a  after ''Ten'an* and before *Gangyō.*  This period started in April 859 and ended in April 877. During this time, the emperors were  and  .

## Events of the *Jōgan* era
 of Mount Fuji which erupted in *Jōgan* 6]]

* **859** (*Jōgan 1, 1st month''): New Year's festivities were suspended during national mourning for the death of Emperor Montoku.

* **864** (*Jōgan 6, 5th month*): Mount Fuji erupted during 10 days. Cinders and ash fell to earth as far away as Kai Province.

* **869** (*Jōgan 10*): Prince Sadaakira was born.  He will later become Emperor Yōzei.

* **9 July 869** (*May 26, Jōgan 11*). The 869 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami causes damage at the Sanriku coast near Sendai.

* **870** (*Jōgan 11*): Sadaakira was named Seiwa's heir.   Soon after, Emperor Yōzei accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (*sokui*).

A collection of laws issued after 811 was published during this era.  It was called the *Jōgan kyaku-siki*.

## Related pages
* Heian period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Hallucigenia

***Hallucigenia*** is an extinct genus of animal found as fossils in the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale formation of British Columbia, Canada. Another species is found in the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan shale of China.  

*Hallucigenia* was thought by Stephen Jay Gould to be unrelated to any living species, but most palaeontologists now believe that the species was a velvet worm, a relative of modern arthropods.

Unlike its contemporary *Aysheaia*, *Hallucigenia* has very little resemblance to modern Onychophora. The elongated, and clawed legs bear little resemblance to the paired annulated legs of the Onychophora. It is unknown what the spines were made of and how much 'protection' they offered. It is not easy to explain why 30 or more specimens — each thought to have seven pairs of rather long, flexible legs — do not show even one example of paired legs. But at least this reconstruction of the animal can plausibly walk, and the spines serve a reasonable purpose. A picture of this reconstruction as well as a photograph of an actual fossil can be seen on the Geological Survey of Canada's website.

## References
Alexander Zickler

**Alexander "Alex" Zickler** (born 28 February 1974 in Bad Salzungen, then German Democratic Republic) is a German football manager and former football player. He played as a striker. During his career he played for FC Bayern Munich.

## Career
He started playing at the age of six with Dynamo Dresden. He played in all youth ranks. His debut in the first team was on 23 October 1992 against 1. FC Nuremberg. In July 1993 Zickler went to FC Bayern Munich  where he stayed as a player for 11 seasons. During this time he was often injured. He scored 18 goals as substitute which is record in the German Bundesliga.

In June 2005 he went to FC Red Bull Salzburg together with his teammate Thomas Linke. With Red Bull Salzburg he won three Austrian titles. 2006 he was elected Austrian footballer of the year by the coaches of the Austrian Bundesliga. 2010 he went to LASK Linz. After the end of the 2010/11 season he retired from football. He went back to Red Bull Salzburg where he works as contact partner for fans and partner firms.

Alexander Zickler played 17 times for Germanys U21 national team and scored 7 goals. In 12 matches for the German national football team he scored two goals.
## Honours
### Club
; Bayern Munich
* Bundesliga (7): 1993–94, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05
* DFB-Pokal (4): 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2002–03, 2004–05
* DFB-Ligapokal (5): 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2003–04
* UEFA Champions League (1): 2000–01
* UEFA Cup (1): 1995–96
* Intercontinental Cup (1): 2001

; Red Bull Salzburg
* Austrian Bundesliga (3): 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10

### Individual
* Austrian League Topscorer (2): 2006-07, 2007–08
* Austrian Footballer of the Year (1): 2005–06
* Austrian Footballers Association Player of the Year (1): 2006–07

## References
## Other websites
*Players profile Fußballdaten.de (German)
Josef Skvorecky

**Josef Škvorecký** (September 27, 1924 – January 3, 2012) was a Czech writer and publisher based in Canada. He left Czechoslovakia after the Soviet invasion in 1968. Skvorecky helped banned Czech writers have their books printed and then smuggled back in to the country.

He was born at Nachod. During World War II he worked in a factory making Messerschmitt airplanes. After the war he studied philosophy at Charles University in Prague. He was about to publish his second novel, *The Tank Battalion* (1968), when the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia in 1968. Skvorecky and his wife left the country and moved to Canada where he had been offered a job at the University of Toronto. With his wife they set up their own publishing company. They reprinted *The Tank Battalion*. Copies were sold to Czech people living in exile. Some copies were smuggled back into Czechoslovakia. His publishing company  in printing books by banned Czech writers.

He was awarded the Order of the White Lion, by Vaclav Havel in 1990, and in 1992 was appointed to the Order of Canada.

## Works by Josef Skvorecky
* The Cowards (1958)
* The Tank Battalion (1968)
* The Engineer of Human Souls
* The Miracle Game (1972)

## References
## Other websites
* Josef Skvorecky's official website
Cristiano da Silva

**Cristiano da Silva** (; born 12 January 1987), sometimes known as just **Cristiano**, is a Brazilian football player for J2 League club, Ventforet Kofu, on loan from V-Varen Nagasaki.

## Career
He started playing football with Adap Galo. His first professional team was  Coritiba FC in 2005. After playing for different teams he came to  CA Metropolitano. He was then out on loan for  Associação Chapecoense und EC Juventude. In 2011 he had a test with Red Bull Salzburg. He statisfied coach Moniz and signed a contract till 2015.

## References
## Other websites
* Players profile 
* Agency profile