open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Judeopolonia

of the publication *Rok 3333 czyli sen niesłychany*, which first used the phrase *Judeopolonia*.]]

**Judeopolonia** is an antisemitic conspiracy theory claiming that Jews seek to take over Poland.

## Origin
The false claim is said to have originated from a book published by Polish writer Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz in 1858. In 1912, Teodor Jeske-Choiński, another Polish writer, reportedly promoted the false claim in the form of an imaginary quote: "If you do not allow us to establish a 'Judeo-Polonia state' and a nation of 'Judeo-Polish people,' we will strangle you."

## Related pages
* Racism in Poland
* Antisemitic stereotypes
* Anti-Judaism and antisemitism
* *The Protocols of the Elders of Zion*

## References
[Category:Racism in Europe]]
Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

The **Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina** were a series of mass deportations of Romanians from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina between 1940 and 1951. The deportations were conducted by the Soviet Union.

## Background
Due to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, the Romanian government was made to give up Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union in June 1940. Sergo Goglidze, an NKVD official close to Lavrentiy Beria, was liable for the deportations. estimated that 200,000–300,000 Romanian Bessarabians were persecuted or deported to forced labor camps between 1940 and 1941. 

As many as 57,000 did not survive.

, 2011.]]

### 1949
On April 6, 1949, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee issued decision number 1290-467cc for the deportation of another 11,280 families from Moldavian SSR, accusing them of being "kulaks" and "Nazi collaborators". The deportations roughly ended in 1951.

## Related pages
* Holodomor
* Soviet deportation of Greeks
* Soviet deportation of Koreans
* Soviet deportations of Chechens and Ingush
* Soviet persecution of Poles during World War II

## Footnotes
## References
Widener University Commonwealth Law School

Widener University Commonwealth Law School is a postgraduate Law School based in Harrisburg, PA. 

The parent University, Widener University is a private university in Chester, Pennsylvania. It was established in 1821 and was known as the Pennsylvania Military College until 1972. The University enrolls around 3,500 undergraduate students across six colleges and schools. While Widener University's main campus is in Chester, Pennsylvania, the university has three campuses: The Chester, PA campus which hosts undergraduate and the majority of graduate programs, the Delaware Law School in Wilmington, Delaware, and the Widener Commonwealth Law School located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Widener University is a private institution that was founded in 1821. It has a total Graduate Enrollment of 2,799, and undergraduate enrollment of 2,811 (fall 2023), and the campus size is 108 acres. It utilizes a semester-based academic calendar. Widener University's ranking in the 2025 edition of Best Colleges is National Universities, #266. Its tuition and fees are $55,730. It had an acceptance rate of 84%, a 4-year graduation rate of 56%, a 12:1 student/faculty ratio, and 63% of classes with fewer than 20 students.

The Bibliometric rank was 305. Bibliometrics is the statistical analyses of publications and citations for the purpose of measuring faculty research impact. Total papers published 2019-2023 was 604, and has 11 citations per publication. Publication share in the Top 25% of Journals by CiteScore was 47%, and its Publication share in the Top 5% of Journals by CiteScore was 6%.

## References
https://www.widener.edu/academics/graduate-studies

https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/widener-university-3313
Santa Ana Church (Manila)

The **National Shrine of Our Lady of the Abandoned**, also known as **Santa Ana Church**, is a Spanish colonial period Roman Catholic church located in the district of Santa Ana in Manila, Philippines. The parish was established by the Franciscan Order missionaries in 1578 under the patronage of Saint Anne. The present stone church was constructed by Vicente Inglés from 1720 to 1725 and was dedicated to its present patron, **Our Lady of the Abandoned**. The revered image of its patron was made in Valencia, Spain in 1713 and arrived in the Philippines in 1717. 

The church houses two *National Cultural Treasures* declared by the National Museum of the Philippines: the Santa Ana Site Museum located in the convent patio and the  (or the "Dressing Room of the Virgin"). It was declared a national shrine in 2021.

## History 
The town of Santa Ana was first established by the Spanish Franciscan missionaries in 1578, in a settlement beside a creek connecting to the Pasig River, which the local inhabitants referred to as *Sapà* in the ancient Tagalog kingdom of **Namayan**. Its first church, dedicated to their titular patroness Saint Anne, after the similar-sounding *Namayan*, was made of nipa and bamboo until a decree from the colonial government in 1599 permitted the religious order to build the church in stone. 

The construction of the stone church came only around 1720 upon direction by the then parish priest of the settlement, Vicente Inglés, wherein a new site was chosen, which is the current location of the structure. Dedicated to the *Virgen de los Desamparados* (Our Lady of the Abandoned), building began on September 12, 1720, with the laying of its cornerstone by the Archbishop of Manila Francisco de la Cuesta, who was concurrently the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines; which took five years to complete.

In the early 1700s, Inglés had gone to Valencia, Spain, as the friar was enamored of a famous image of the Blessed Virgin, known as the *Our Lady of the Abandoned*, comforting those whose loved ones have departed the mortal plane. In 1713, Inglés chose a replica of image for his Santa Ana Parish, which was in the process of construction. In 1717, the friar brought back the replicated holy image with him to the Philippines; which is venerated since then. In time, the parish became known as *The Shrine of Our Lady of the Abandoned*, as it is today, although Saint Anne remains in use as *Santa Ana Church* and the district named in her honor.

## References
Joane Gadou

**Kouakou Henry-Joane Aaron Aimerick Gadou** (born 17 January 2007 in Aubervilliers) is a French football player.
## Career 
Gadou started his career at ES Nangissienne. For the 2020/21 season, he joined the Paris Saint-Germain youth team. In January 2024, he made his first appearance in the first squad. He made never a single appearance.

In September 2024, Gadou moved to Austrian Bundesliga club FC Red Bull Salzburg.  He made his Bundesliga debut that same month. He came as a substitute for Kamil Piątkowski in stoppage time on matchday eight of the 2024/25 season against FK Austria Wien. He made also 9 apperances for the FC Salzburg U19 in the UEFA Youth League.

## International 
Gadou made his first appearance for the French youth national team in 2022. In 2023, he participated with U-17 team at the European Championship. He played in three matches during the tournament. France finished second. In 2024, he participated again in the U-17 European Championshi. There he was captain of the team. France was eliminated in the group stage.

## References
Abstraction (chemistry)

In chemistry, **abstraction** is when one molecule or ion takes an atom from another one. The atom may or may not have electric charge.

Deprotonation is the abstraction of a hydrogen ion.

## References
Leveling effect

is the standard pH scale.]]

In chemistry, the **leveling effect** is the effect of a solvent (especially amphoteric solvents like water) on acids and bases that are dissolved in it. A solution of an acid can't be stronger than the conjugate acid of the solvent, and a solution of a base can't be stronger than the conjugate base of the solvent.

The conjugate acid of the solvent is called the **lyonium ion**, and the conjugate base is called the **lyate ion**.

## Examples 
### Acids 
Perchloric acid is a much stronger acid than hydrogen chloride in general. Both acids are stronger than the hydronium ion, which is the conjugate acid of water, so in a water solution, they completely react to make hydronium and their conjugate bases:
:
:
Since the actual acid in the solution is hydronium, both solutions will be equally acidic, even though the pure compounds are very different.

### Bases 
A similar reaction occurs with bases. Sodium amide  and sodium methoxide  are both one equivalent of different anionic bases, azanide and methoxide. Both of these bases are stronger than the hydroxide ion, which is the conjugate base of water. Just like with acids, these strong bases will react with water, making a solution of the bases' conjugate acids and sodium hydroxide:
:
:
Like with acids, these solutions will be equally basic in water despite azanide being much stronger than methoxide in general.

## References
Anomaloglossus roraima

The **Roraima rocket frog** (*Anomaloglossus roraima*) is a frog.  Scientists found it in Guyana and Venezuela. Scientists think it may also live in Brazil.

## Body
The adult male frog is about 16.5–19.0 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult females frog is about 16.5–19.3 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is light brown in color, sometimes with darker marks. The tops of all four legs are lighter in color with small white marks, sometimes with some red color. The bottoms of the legs are darker. The front legs have dark brown stripes. The sides of the body can have darker colors. The belly is yellow or reddish in color, sometimes with dark brown marks. The ends of the toes can have blue color. The iris of the eye is brown in color on top and darker in the middle and light on the bottom.

## Home
This frog lives high on the tepui flatlands.  It lives in large bromeliad plants, for example *Brocchinia tatei*. Scientists saw the frog between 1800 and 2700 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog inside Canaima National Park.

## Young
The male frog calls to the female frogs. The tadpoles swim in water in the bromeliad plants.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out.  Most of the frogs live high on the tepui flatland, but people set fires lower down that can go that high. Climate change can also hurt this frog. There is nowhere higher and colder for them to climb to if the weather becomes too hot.

## References
Sodium methoxide

**Sodium methoxide** is a chemical compound, with the chemical formula . It is an alkoxide salt of sodium. It is a strong base, too strong to exist in solution in water without reacting.

Sodium methoxide is used to make biodiesel. It is a catalyst for a chemical reaction called transesterfication, which changes bio-based triglycerides and an alcohol (usually methanol) into fatty acid esters and glycerol. The fatty acid esters can then be purified into biodiesel.

## References
The law countering the hostile actions of the Zionist regime against peace and security

(green) and the State of Israel (orange) in the Middle East region.]]

**The law countering the hostile actions of the Zionist regime against peace and security** is a plan that was approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran on May 20, 2020, in accordance with Article 123 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This law is a plan claimed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly and includes 16 articles to prevent the relations between the people, citizens and companies of Iran with the people and companies of Israel in the framework of the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This law refers to a role to prevent any relations between Iranian and Israeli citizens.

## References
Gilbert N. Lewis

**Gilbert N. Lewis**  (October 23 or October 25, 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist.

Lewis made many important discoveries, especially about how electrons and atoms form molecules. His 1916 paper *The Atom and the Molecule* was the first description of what is now called covalent bonds. He came up with a way to draw molecules, now called Lewis structures. He defined what is now called the Lewis acid-base theory, which described acids and bases in terms of electron pairs. Lewis also came up with the name for the photon.

Lewis was also a successful teacher of chemistry. He was head of the chemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, and taught many important chemists including the winners of 14 Nobel Prizes.

## References
Lewis adduct

gives a pair of electrons to boron trifluoride, making a Lewis adduct. The acid part's shape and bond lengths change when the adduct forms.]]

In chemistry, specifically the Lewis acid-base theory, a **Lewis adduct** is the result of a Lewis base sharing a pair of electrons with a Lewis acid.

Lewis adducts have a special type of chemical bond called a dipolar bond: where most covalent bonds are thought of as having one electron from each atom, in a Lewis adduct, both of the electrons come from one side (the base). The atoms in the dipolar bond have opposite formal charges.

## References
Racism against African Americans in the U.S. military

African Americans have served the U.S. military in every war the United States has fought. Formalized discrimination against black people who have served in the U.S. military lasted from its creation during the American Revolutionary War to the end of segregation by President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order 9981 in 1948. Although desegregation within the U.S. military was legally established with President Truman's executive order, full integration of African-American servicemen was not established until 1950 in the Navy and Air Force, 1953 in the Army, and 1960 in the Marine Corps.

## World War II
During World War II, African-American enlistment was at an all-time high, with more than 1 million serving in the armed forces. Many African-Americans believed that if they could fight and die for their country, their equality would no longer be denied. However, there was a reluctance to allow African-Americans to join combat units and many were against arming black Americans with weapons. However, their eagerness to enlist provided President Roosevelt an opportunity to meet demands and make the steps towards racial integration in the defence industry.

## References
MERVAL

The **S&P Merval** () is the main index of the Buenos Aires Stock Market. Its name comes from the agreement reached with the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 2019.

That same year, following the agreement reached, the methodology and composition of the Argentine stock market index were changed. In the case of the S&P Merval index, it was now composed only of the 22 Argentine companies with the highest weighting in the index.

## Overview
This index measures the value in pesos of a portfolio of stocks listed on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. The selection criteria for these stocks is based on the trading volume and number of transactions in the last six months, subject to the necessary condition of trading in at least 80% of the trading sessions considered. The Merval is rebalanced quarterly. The index was developed with a base level of $0.01 on June 3, 1986.

As of 30 July 2021 the constituent companies of the index include Aluar (aluminium smelter), BBVA Argentina (financial services), Banco Macro (financial services), Sociedad Comercial del Plata (holding), Edenor (electricity), Grupo Financiero Galicia (financial services), Pampa Energía (energy), Ternium (steel), Telecom Argentina (telecommunications), and YPF (oil and gas).

## Companies participating in the leading panel  
It is comprised of the following 23 companies operating in the index as of March 2025.

## References
Periodic trends

In chemistry, the periodic table has **periodic trends**. These are patterns in the periodic table that show how some elements change across the periods (rows) and groups (columns). They were discovered by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1863. There are many different periodic trends. These trends can be atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, valency, nuclear charge, and metallic character.

Mendeleev made the periodic table according to atomic weight. He put empty spaces where newer elements would be, once they were discovered. His periodic table let him predict how 3 unknown elements would act. These elements would later be discovered to be gallium, scandium, and germanium. Mendeleev organized the table by atomic weight. However, Henry Moseley discovered that organizing the table by atomic number would better show the properties of the periodic table.

## Related pages 
* Periodic table

## References 
## Further reading 
* Periodic Table Of Elements (IUPAC)
Tatmadaw True News Information Team

The **Tatmadaw True News Information Team** (; IPA: [taʔmədò tədɛ́ɰ̃m̥àɰ̃ pjɪ̀ɰ̃tɕájʔɛ́ ʔəpʰwḛ]) was the official public information group of the Tatmadaw, the armed forces of Myanmar. The team helped the military share news, respond to reports, and talk to the public and media.

## History and purpose 
The team was formed around 2018 to improve the Tatmadaw’s public relations. Its main goal was to give correct and clear information about military matters, explain the army’s views on security and politics, and counter false information.

## Leadership 
The best-known leader of the team was Major General Zaw Min Tun, a senior officer in the Myanmar Army. After the 2021 military coup, he also became the spokesperson for the State Administration Council and the Deputy Minister of Information.

## Activities 
The Tatmadaw True News Information Team held press conferences, made public announcements, and gave interviews. It was the main way the military communicated with the public.

## Social media removal 
On 21 February 2021, Facebook removed the team’s official page. Facebook said the page broke its rules many times, including rules against spreading false information and encouraging violence.

## Dissolution and aftermath 
 (third from the right), Major General Soe Naing Oo (first from the center), and Major General Tun Tun Nyi (second from the left).]]
After the 2021 coup, the team became inactive. Its duties were taken over by other groups under the State Administration Council. Since then, the Tatmadaw True News Information Team has not worked as a separate group.

## See also 
* Tatmadaw
* State Administration Council
* Zaw Min Tun

## References
Rakušan

**Rakušan** is a Czech surname that means "Austrian". Notable individuals with this surname include:

* Bob Rakušan (born 1948), Czech artist
* Vít Rakušan (born 1978), Czech pedagogue and politician

## References
Aguascalientes Municipality

**Aguascalientes** is a municipality in the state of Aguascalientes in Mexico.

## Demography 
## References
## Other websites
Amycretin

**Amycretin** is a single molecule serving as a GLP-1 receptor agonist and an amylin receptor agonist. It is made by the Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk as a weight loss drug to be taken by mouth. A form that can be injected via human skin is also under study. which makes it different from other drugs being made for weight loss. The company further announced the results of its 1B/2A trial in January 2025. The trial investigated the drug's safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics by injecting it into 125 patients via their skin. The treatment lasted up to 36 weeks.

## References
VK2735

**VK2735** is a dual agonist of the GIP receptor and GLP-1 receptor, with a similar mechanism of action to that of tirzepatide ‒ a drug for diabetes. It can be injected via human skin. It is made by the pharmaceutical company Viking Therapeutics.

## References
NBCUniversal Television and Streaming

**NBCUniversal Telemundo Enterprises**, formerly **NBCUniversal Hispanic Enterprises and Content** & **NBCUniversal Hispanic Group**, is the Hispanic culture outlet company and division of NBCUniversal.

## Units 
* Telemundo
* Universo
* TeleXitos
2010 Nobel Prizes

The **2010 Nobel Prizes** were given out by the Nobel Foundation. There were six different awards: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

Nobel Week was from December 6 to December 12. During the week, there were many lectures and discussions. On December 10, the award ceremony and banquet (celebration meal) for each prize happened. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize was in Oslo, and the award ceremony and banquet for the other awards were in Stockholm.

## Prizes 
### Physics 
### Chemistry 
### Physiology or Medicine 
### Literature 
### Peace 
### Economic Sciences 
Liu Xiaobo's Prize was given *in absentia* (without him being there) because he was in prison in China.

## Controversy 
China and several other countries boycotted the awards ceremony in Sweden because they did not like that the Peace Prize was going to be given to Liu. China also started their own peace prize, the Confucius Peace Prize, which is given one day before the Nobel Prizes award ceremony.

## References
Ulmanis

**Ulmanis** (feminine: Ulmane) is a Latvian surname originated from the German surname Ullmann. Notable individuals with the surname include:

* Kārlis Ulmanis (1877–1942), First Prime Minister of Latvia
* Gunārs Ulmanis (1938–2010), Latvian footballer
* Guntis Ulmanis (born 1939), President of Latvia (1993–1999)
Lewis acid-base theory

In chemistry, the **Lewis acid-base theory** is a specific group of definitions that say what an acid and base are. It is one of the two main definitions used in modern chemistry. The other is the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory. The theory is named for Gilbert N. Lewis, who first defined it in 1923.

## Definition 
Lewis's definition says a base is any substance which has a lone pair of electrons, and an acid is any substance which has empty space to receive a pair of electrons.

Unlike other acid-base theories, Lewis acid-base reactions are addition reactions that form a single combined molecule, a Lewis adduct. In Lewis theory, Brønsted acids are adducts of their conjugate base and the Lewis acid . A Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction occurs when the Brønsted acid is less stable than the  adduct of the base (the conjugate acid).

## References
Hieratic

**Hieratic** was the 2nd script of the ancient Egyptians.

## History 
Hieratic script came from Hieroglyphics. It later developed into Demotic script.
Dorzagliatin

**Dorzagliatin** is a glucokinase activator made to treat diabetes. Unlike other drugs, it works to increase insulin sensitivity.

## References
CT-388

**CT-388** is a dual GLP-1 receptor agonist, and GIP receptor agonist and modulator, with little to no beta-arrestin coupling at either receptor. It is made to be given once a week by injection. The drug is made by the pharmaceutical companies Roche (Swiss) and Genentech (American). 

## Research
In a 24-week trial, participants averaged 18.8% placebo adjusted weight loss.

## References
Soviet deportation of Greeks

Just as many other ethnic minorities within the Soviet Union, Greeks were also persecuted by the totalitarian regime of Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).

## Events
 of the deportation of the Greeks in the USSR in 1942, 1944, and 1949. ]]

Between the 1930s and 1949, Greek schools, cultural centres and publishing houses were banned from operating,

## Casualties
70,000‒80,000 Greeks were victims of such deportation and 15,000 did not survive, Some survivors moved to Greece.

## Aftermath
The Soviet deportation of Greeks has been classified as a genocide by some historians.

## Related pages
* Holodomor
* Soviet deportation of Koreans
* Soviet deportations of Chechens and Ingush
* Soviet persecution of Poles during World War II
* Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

## Footnotes
## References
Ghost of Yōtei

***Ghost of Yōtei*** is an upcoming Action-adventure video game developed by Sucker Punch Productions for the PlayStation 5
Timashyovsk

Timashevsk, sometimes romanized Timashyovsk, is a town and the administrative center of Timashevsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kirpili River 73 kilometers north of Krasnodar, the administrative center of the krai. 

* Type: Town with 52,600 residents
* Description: human settlement in Timashyovsky District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* Also known as: Timashevsk, Timashyovskaya, Timashëvsk, Timoschewskaja and Timoshevskaya
Anbeta Toromani

**Anbeta Toromani** (born April 2, 1979) is an  Albanian-born, naturalized Italian ballet dancer and dance teacher. She became famous in Italy as the runner-up in the second season of the talent show *Amici di Maria De Filippi*. She has performed as a principal dancer in many theaters in Italy and abroad.

## Early life and education
Toromani was born in Tirana, Albania. She began practicing gymnastics at the age of five. After an injury, she switched to ballet and studied at the National Dance Academy of Tirana. She later specialized for a year at a school in Baku, Azerbaijan. She became a principal dancer at the National Theater of Opera and Ballet in Tirana.

In 2002, she joined *Amici di Maria De Filippi* and finished as runner-up. From 2003 to 2012, she was a professional dancer on the show.

She danced in many operas and ballets in places like Naples, Palermo, Macerata, and Bratislava, often in lead roles. She has worked with famous choreographers such as Alessandra Celentano, Fabrizio Monteverde, Gheorghe Iancu, and Amedeo Amodio.

In recent years, she continued to dance in major festivals and television programs. In 2022, she returned to *Amici* as a guest and judge.

## Personal life
She is married to ballet dancer Alessandro Macario. Together, they have performed in many shows and tours across Italy.

## References
## Other websites
* Anbeta Toromani on IMDb
Aaron Abrams

**Aaron Abrams** is a Canadian actor and writer who has worked in both film and television.

He has appeared in several regular and recurring roles on television. He is known for his work in Children Ruin Everything, Masters of Sex, Rookie Blue, Slings & Arrows, Longmire, The Oath, Blindspot, Blue Bloods, and Hannibal. Abrams has also had supporting roles in films such as Amelia, Flash of Genius, and the Code 8 franchise.

He has written and produced several films. He is known for his work on The Lovebirds, a comedy, and has also written and produced films like The Go-Getters and Young People Fucking. He worked on the television series The L.A. Complex as well.

## References
Fire pan

" fire]]
A **fire pan** is a pan for holding fire, which means that it would not impact the surrounding environment like vegetation and rocks and burns less wood because it is smaller.
Leave no trace

in Canada]]]]
**Leave No Trace**, or LNT, is a set of ethics about keeping the outdoors clean. It started in the mid 1900's because of damage to the environment in the United States because of camping and related activities. In 1994, the not for profit Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics was formed to create educational resources around LNT and created seven principles of LNT. These are: 

# Plan ahead and prepare
# Travel and camp on durable surfaces
# Dispose of waste properly
# Leave what you find
# Minimize campfire impacts
# Respect wildlife
# Be considerate of others

The idea is to leave the wilderness unchanged by people camping.
## References
Flag of Assen

The **flag of Assen** () has two horizontal stripes of blue and white. It was adopted 4 may 2021.

## References
Sucker Punch Productions

**Sucker Punch Productions LLC** is an American video game developer founded in 1997. They are known for creating the *Ghost of Tsushima* and *Ghost of Yōtei* games. In 2011, the company was bought by PlayStation Studios.
Anomaloglossus murisipanensis

***Anomaloglossus murisipanensis*** is a frog.  Scientists found it in Venezuela.

## Home
Scientists saw the frog in exactly one place, Murisipan-Tepui, which is a high flatland. They saw it 2300 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog inside Canaima National Park and Los Tepuyes Natural Monument.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN and from Venezuela all say this frog is in some danger of dying out.  Most of these frogs live high on the tepui flatland, but people set fires lower down that can go that high. Climate change can also hurt this frog. There is nowhere higher and colder for them to climb to if the weather becomes too hot.  Diseases from viruses, bacteria, and fungi could also hurt this frog.

## References
Samsung Galaxy Note 5

The **Samsung Galaxy Note 5** is an Android phablet made and developed by Samsung. It  was announced on August 13, 2015. It was released on August 21, 2015.

## Features 
Galaxy Note 5 has 5MP selfie camera, 16MP back camera, 5.7 inch Super AMOLED screen, 4GB RAM, 3000mAh battery capacity. 15W wired charger and 32GB, 64GB and 128GB storage options.

## Software 
]]
Galaxy Note 5 run Android 5.1.1 Lollipop in first release, they can upgrade to other versions like Android 6.0 Marshmallow and Android 7.0 Nougat when came out.

## Problems 
BBC reported about Galaxy Note 5 has a pen problem such as wrongly removed it can damage the pen, this phone or both and inserting pen wrongly can cause the pen stop working forever.

## Reviews 
The Verge review the Samsung Galaxy Note 5 it is best Android phone with bigger screen and stylus.

CNET review the Samsung Galaxy Note 5 it has good reviews such as taking very good outside picture, very good battery life and using pen has not felt better. It has bad reviews such as battery cannot remove and no external storage option.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Koerner, Ray & Glover

**Koerner, Ray & Glover** is an American blues band formed in 1962.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Blues, Rags and Hollers* (1963)
* *Lots More Blues, Rags and Hollers* (1964)
* *The Return of Koerner, Ray & Glover* (1965)

## References
Venezuelan Fauna Red List

The **Red List of Venezuelan Fauna**, **Venezuelan Fauna Red List**, or **Listo Rojo de la Fauna Venezolana** is a group of scientists that study animals in Venezuela and tell whether they are safe or in danger of dying out and by how much.

## Start
The Red List of Venezuelan Fauna came from the Red Book of Venezuelan Fauna. The book first came out in 1995, and again in 1999 and 2003. The organization that made it tried to give many books to schools and other places, but they decided it would be better to give people information using electronics.

The Red List first let regular people join its website in 2013. At that time, 81 scientists, 11 photographers, and 20 artists had looked at more than 4000 species.

## Updates
Unlike other lists of animals, which update every few years, people can write new information in the Venezuelan Fauna Red List at any time. The List has three main editors who look at the whole list and eighteen other editors who look at the types of animals they know best to check new information.

## References
Louis Kampf

**Louis Kampf** (May 12, 1929 – May 30, 2020) was an American literature professor and former president of the Modern Language Association.

## Early life and education
Louis Kampf was born on May 12, 1929 in Vienna. In 1938 he fled Nazi Germany with his parents, and, via Belgium, France, and Morocco, arrived in the United States in 1941. He attended George Washington High School in New York City, then Long Island University on a basketball scholarship, and then graduate school in comparative literature at the University of Iowa. From 1958 to 1961, he was a Junior Fellow at Harvard, the last year of which he spent at the American Academy in Rome.
 
## Career
Kampf taught in the Massachusetts institute of Technology Humanities Department from 1961 to 1995 and was Literature chair from 1967-1969. At the 1968 convention of the Modern Language Association in New York City, an uprising in protest of the Vietnam war led to his election as second vice-president and succession to the presidency of the organization in 1970.

He was a founder of the MLA’s Radical Caucus, of the journal *Radical Teacher,* and of the New University Conference, an organization of left and feminist graduate students and faculty on more than 40 campuses.  In 1967, he helped organize Resist, which began as a source of support for Vietnam war draft resistance and continues to this day to support and fund a wide rage of social justice causes.  Throughout his life, he was active in struggles against war, imperialism, sexism, racism, and homophobia, as well as in support of Palestinian freedom.

In his 34 years at MIT, Kampf helped found the new Women’s Studies program, team-taught “Intellectuals and Social Change” with Noam Chomsky, and created a variety of innovative courses.  He served on the Reprints Committee of the Feminist Press and on the editorial board of *Signs: A Journal of Women and Culture*. Upon his retirement, the Louis Kampf Writing Prize in Women's and Gender Studies was established in his honor.

## Personal life and death
Kampf was married for a number of years to journalist and academic, Ellen Cantarow.  He shared the last 30 years of his life with his partner, Jean Jackson, professor emerita of anthropology at MIT.

Louis Kampf died on May 30, 2020, in Cambridge, Massachusetts

## Publications
**On Modernism; The Prospects for Literature and Freedom*, MIT Press, 1967.
**The Politics of Literature: Dissenting Essays on the Teaching of English*, edited with Paul Lauter, Pantheon, 1972.

## References
Software rendering

***Software Rendering***  or ***Software Renderer*** is a term in computer graphics. That only using the CPU to render, not the GPU to render the GPU to render the graphics. 
]]

## References
Web (programming system)

**Web**  (or **WEB**) is a programming system, first created by Donald E. Knuth. He used it to demonstrate what he called literate programming: Programs are written much like literature, and what the program does is included in the text. In other programming models, there's the program code, and there is documentation. With Web, there is just one file which contains both. The system consists of two main programs:

* *tangle* creates a source file in Pascal, from the Web source file.
* *weave* creates the documentation in TeX.

Most Web systtms use Pascal for the generated code. Later there was a version caled CWEB, which generated C code.

Tex and Metafont are written in Web. 

## Other websites 
* *An Introduction to the WEB Style of Literate Programming* (PDF-file; 149&nbsp;kB)
* *The CWEB System of Structured Documentation*
Izabella Tabarovsky

**Izabella Tabarovsky** is the Kennan Institute Senior Advisor on Regional Partnerships and Programming, specializing in Eastern European history. Her mother tongue is Russian,
* "Most Jews Weren't Murdered in Death Camps. It's Time To Talk About The Other Holocaust", *The Forward*, June 2019
* "Babi Yar: The Holocaust as a Final Solution Began Here", *Newsweek*, September 2016.

### Antisemitism
* "Senator Sanders, Fighting Anti-Semitism Requires Actions, not Just Universalist Promises", *The Forward*, November 2019
* "Book Review | A Specter Haunting Europe: The Myth of Judeo-Bolshevism", *Fathom Journal*, October 2019
* "The Left Can No Longer Excuse Its Anti-Semitism", *The Forward*, August 2019
* "Understanding the Real Origin of that New York Times Cartoon: How anti-Semitic Soviet propaganda informs contemporary left anti-Zionism", *Tablet*, June 2019
* "To understand Labour antisemitism, go back to the USSR's giant anti-Zionism campaign", *Jewish Chronicle*, May 2019
* "Soviet Anti-Zionism and Contemporary Left Antisemitism", *Fathom Journal*, May 2019
* "We Soviet Jews Lived Through State-Sponsored Anti-Zionism. We Know How It Is Weaponized", *The Forward*, March 2019 

### Cold War history
* "What My Soviet Life Has Taught Me About Censorship and Why It Makes Us Dumb", *Areo*, May 2021
* "The liberation fight for Soviet Jews was a miracle. Most of us didn't know about it", *Jewish Telegraphic Agency*, April 2019
* "Walking in Each Other’s Shoes: Through the Iron Curtain and Back", *Wilson Quarterly*, Fall 2016

### Stalinist totalitarianism
* "How ‘The New York Times’ Helped Hide Stalin’s Mass Murders in Ukraine", *Tablet*, October 2020
* "Why Are Memories of Stalin’s Terror Being Buried?", *Newsweek*, February 2017
* "The Price of Silence: Family Memory of Stalin’s Repressions", *Wilson Quarterly*, Fall 2016

## Related pages
* Shira Klein
* Havi Dreifuss
* Shimon Redlich
* Saul Friedländer
* Renée Poznanski

## References
Yorbe Vertessen

**Yorbe Vertessen** (born 8 January 2001 in Tienen) is a Belgian professional footballer. He plays as striker for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

## Career 
Vertessen started his career in the youth teams of FC Rillaar Sport and KVC Westerlo. After that he joined the PSV Eindhoven's youth academy in 2009. In the 2019/20 season he played for PSV Eindhoven's reserve team, Jong PSV. In the 2020/21 season, he made 15 appearances for the first team in the Eredivisie, scoring two goals. During this he played also for the reserves. 2020-21  PSV won the Dutch Cup . Vertessen played in four cup matches.

On 28 January 2023, he was loaned to Royale Union Saint-Gilloise in the Belgian First Division until the end of the season. Vertessen played 15 of 18 possible league games for Saint-Gilloise, scoring three goals, as well as two cup games and three Europa League games, scoring one goal. In the 2023/24 season he came back to Eindhoven. In the winter of 2024, Vertessen moved to 1. FC Union Berlin.   For Union, he made a total of 30 Bundesliga appearances, scoring four goals. In February 2025, he moved to Austrian Bundesliga club FC Red Bull Salzburg.  He scored his first Bundesliga goal on March 2, 2025, against SK Sturm Graz.
## International 
Vertessen played for the Belgian national youth teams starting at the U15 level in 2015. He later also played for the U16, U17, U18, U19, and U21 national teams.
## References
Juan Carlos Maqueda

**Juan Carlos Maqueda** (born December 29, 1949) is an Argentine lawyer, judge, and politician. In 2002, he became a Justice of the Supreme Court of Argentina. He was a justice until December 27, 2024.

## Biography
Maqueda studied law at the Catholic University of Córdoba. In 1977, he became a professor there. From 1980 to 1986, he was a technical secretary there.

He specialized in constitutional law and political science. He began his political career in 1974 as Director of Culture for the Municipality of Córdoba. Later he was a provincial deputy (1987-1991), a national deputy (1991-1999), and Minister of Education of Córdoba (1999). 

In 2001, Maqueda was elected national senator. He resigned from the Senate in December 2002. He became Supreme Court Justice that same month, a position he held until 2024.

## Health
In 2004, Maqueda had emergency heart surgery. In 2014, he went to the Argentine Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment after fainting during an event held at the Italian Embassy. On October 15, 2022, he went to the Fernández Hospital for "minor trauma" after being hit by a cyclist.

## References
Bob West

**Robert Matthew West** (born June 25, 1956) is an American voice actor and graphic designer. He is best known for being the original voice actor of Barney The Dinosaur in the PBS series Barney & Friends He’s also had other voice roles in other media. He retired from voice in Barney in 2000.

## References
Amreli district

**Amreli** is a district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is situated in the Saurashtra region of southern Gujarat. Its name comes from the Amreli town. In the 2011 national Indian census, its population was 1,514,190 people.

## References
Soviet deportation of Koreans

The **Soviet deportation of Koreans** refers to the mass deportation of 172,000 Koreans from the Russian Far East to unpopulated areas of the Soviet-occupied Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan by the NKVD. The death rate lied between 16.3% and 25%. while some consider it one of the many Soviet crimes against humanity qualifiable as a genocide.

## Related pages
* Holodomor
* Soviet deportation of Greeks
* Soviet deportations of Chechens and Ingush
* Soviet persecution of Poles during World War II
* Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

## Footnotes
## References
Luise Danz

**Luise Danz** was born on December 11, 1917 was a Nazi concentration camp guard in World War II. She was born in Walldorf, Werra in Thuringia. Danz was caught in 1945 and put on trial for crimes against humanity at the Auschwitz trial in Kraków, Poland. She was sentenced to life in prison in 1947, but was released due to general amnesty on August 20, 1957.

## References
First Czechoslovak Army in Slovakia

]]
The **First Czechoslovak Army in Slovakia**, was a military formation in Slovakia during World War II. it was formed by Czechoslovak resistance groups active in the Nazi German puppet state called the Slovak Republic in late august 1944. the army fought against the Wehrmacht and SS forces in Slovakia during the Slovak National Uprising for two months before being crushed by the axis forces in october.
Dividing line between metals and nonmetals

The **dividing line between metals and nonmetals** is a stair-shaped line on the periodic table which separates chemical elements into metals and nonmetals.

There is no formal definition of "metal" in chemistry. This line is a convention, and not a firm scientific rule. Most of the elements close to the line are called metalloids, because they have some things in common with metals and other things with nonmetals.
Bad Girls Club season 10

The tenth season of *Bad Girls Club* is titled ***Bad Girls Club: Atlanta*** and premiered on January 15, 2013 and was filmed in Atlanta, Georgia.

## Cast
List of Bad Girls Club episodes

The following is a list of episodes of the American reality television series *Bad Girls Club* broadcast on Oxygen. It was first shown on December 5, 2006 and ended on in mid-2017. As of 2017, 275 episodes have aired, including specials. *Bad Girls Club* has spawned four spin-off series: *Bad Girls Road Trip*, *Bad Girls All-Star Battle*, *Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too* and *Tanisha Gets Married*.

## Series overview
Rzeszów–Jasionka Airport

**Rzeszów–Jasionka Airport** is an airport in Poland.

## Related pages
*Supplying weapons and other military equipment (during the Russian invasion of Ukraine)
Formal charge

and the nitrate anion]]

A **formal charge** (**F.C.** or ) is a type of charge in chemistry. This charge is a number that is given to an atom in a molecule. This charge assumes that the electrons are equally shared in chemical bonds. This would mean that each atom would have an equal share of each electron. In chemistry, the atom in a bond with a bigger electronegativity will have a bigger share of electrons. Formal charge ignores this, however.

The best Lewis structure(or main resonance structure) is the molecule with a formal charge of 0 on all of its atoms.

## Related pages
*Oxidation state
*Valence (chemistry)
*Coordination number

## References
Amy Harvey

**Amy Harvey** (; born December 18, 2002), also known by her last name, **Harvey**, is a Japanese rapper, singer, and model in South Korea. She is a member of the Japanese girl group XG.

## Early life
Amy Harvey was born to an Australian father and a Japanese mother. She is an only child. She won the competition along with five other people. and *Vogue Girl* Japan.
## References
Abbey of Fontenay

The **Abbey of Fontenay** is a former Cistercian abbey. It is in the commune of Marmagne near Montbard, in the département of Côte-d'Or in France.  It was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1118. It was built in the Romanesque style.  It is one of the oldest and Cistercian abbeys in Europe. The abbey became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. The dormitory, cloister,  chapter house, caldarium, refectory, dovecote and "forge" of the church are all maintained from the original church. The abbey, along with other Cistercian abbeys, combine Romanesque and Gothic architecture.

## Gallery
This World Heritage Site has maintained most of the Romanesque and Early Gothic buildings. It shows how the Abbey looked in the 12th century very well.

 

## Related pages 
* List of World Heritage Sites in France

## References
## Other websites 
*The Abbey of Fontenay Website
*UNESCO page
*Fontenay abbey on the site Bourgogne Romane
*Paradoxplace Fontenay Photo and History Page
*Christine Bolli, Abbaye de Fontenay  An essay about the Cistercians and the abbey from smarthistory.khanacademy.org
*Visit the abbey in panophography, immersive and interactive 360° images.
*High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of Abbey of Fontenay | Art Atlas
Ducks on the Wall

"**Ducks on the Wall**" is a 1975 song by The Kinks and was taken from their 14th studio album *Soap Opera*. It was written by principal songwriter Ray Davies. 

## References
Chervyen massacre

and Lithuanian ambassadors in Belarus commemorating the 80th anniversary of the massacre in 2021.]]

The **Chervyen massacre** (; ; Belarusian: Чэрвеньская разня) was one of the NKVD prisoner massacres. Over 1,000 political prisoners from Poland, Belarus and Lithuania were executed by the NKVD near Chervyen (present-day Belarus) on 25–27 June 1941, a few days after the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union began. The sudden invasion caused such chaos that the NKVD was ordered to kill or evacuate 140,000 prisoners from Soviet-occupied eastern Poland, which ended up in two-thirds of the said prisoners being killed.

## Massacre
On June 24, 15 Lithuanians who had received death sentences before the evacuation were executed On June 25, about 2,000 prisoners were marched on foot by troops from the 42nd NKVD brigade to Chervyen. 500 prisoners were executed along the way for not walking fast enough. 

On June 27, while the remaining prisoners were put in Chervyen prison, the Belarusian NKVD received a telegram from Mikhail Ivanovich Nikolsky, head of the NKVD prison department in Moscow, ordering him to leave 400 prisoners in Chervyen and execute the rest. Hundreds more prisoners were shot during further evacuation. 200 prisoners escaped, while 40 Lithuanian prisoners survived.

## Related pages
* Naliboki massacre
* Genocides by the Soviet Union
* Guerrilla war in the Baltic states

## Notes
## References
Pontigny Abbey

**Pontigny Abbey** () was a was a Cistercian monastery. Recently, it has been the cathedral for the Mission de France. For the Mission de France, it is the Territorial Prelature of Pontigny (). The Abbey is in Pontigny on the River Serein, in the present diocese of Sens and department of Yonne, Burgundy, France. It was founded in 1114. The church was the 2nd great daughter house of Cîteaux Abbey. In 1791 in the French Revolution, it stopped being a church. The abbey, except for the church, was destroyed. In 1843, it was refounded as part of the Fathers of St. Edmund. The abbey became private property in 1909. In 1941 it became the mother house of the Mission de France. The Mission de France is a territorial prelature.

## Burials
There have been many burials in this church. Some of these are:

* Adèle of Champagne (1145&ndash;1206), queen of Louis VII of France 
* Saint Edmund of Abingdon (c. 1180&ndash;1240), Archbishop of Canterbury
* Paul Desjardins (1859&ndash;1940)

## References
## Other websites
*  Pictures of Pontigny
*  History of the Abbey
*  Architecture of Pontigny
* Cistercian Foundation Abbey of Pontigny - History & Photos
La Cour-Dieu Abbey

, Loiret (Engraving from 1827 retouched) ]]

**La Cour-Dieu Abbey** (; ) used to be a Cistercian monastery in the commune of Ingrannes in Loiret, France. It is about 19 km south of Pithiviers.

## History 
The abbey was the sixth daughter house of Cîteaux. It was founded in 1119. The church's construction started in 1170. The construction finished in 1216.

The abbey was partially destroyed in 1399. the abbey was attacked in 1562 and 1567 by Protestants during the Wars of Religion.

In 1791 French Revolution, the building was abandoned.

## Other websites 
*Certosa di Firenze: La Cour-Dieu Abbey (very short entry)
*Short article on the abbey, with an historical photo 

## References 
*Peugniez, Bernard, nd: *Routier cistercien.*, pp.109-110. Moisenay: Editions Gaud