November 19

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 461 &ndash; Libius Severus is declared Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1404 &ndash; Severe flooding occurs in the Netherlands, as 3000 hectares of land are washed away, with the flood waters also completely wiping out the towns of Ijzendijke and Hugevliet.
* 1421 &ndash; A major flood in the Netherlands kills between 2,000 and 10,000 people.
* 1493 &ndash; Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed Puerto Rico).
* 1806 &ndash; French troops occupy Hamburg during the Napoleonic Wars.
* 1816 &ndash; In Poland, Warsaw University is founded.
* 1819 &ndash; The Museo del Prado in Madrid opens.
* 1847 &ndash; The second Canadian railway line is opened between Montreal and Lachine.
* 1850 &ndash; Alfred Tennyson is named Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom by Queen Victoria.
* 1863 &ndash; U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
* 1869 &ndash; The Hudson's Bay Company sells Ruperts Land to Canada.
* 1881 &ndash; A meteorite lands southwest of Odesa, present–day Ukraine.
* 1885 &ndash; Serbo-Bulgarian War: Bulgarian victory in the Battle of Slivnitsa officially unifies the Kingdom of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia.
* 1887 &ndash; In the English Channel, Dutch ocean steamer *W. A. Scholten* sinks after a collision with a British freighter, killing 132 people.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1911 &ndash; The Doom Bar in Cornwall claims two ships, *Island Maid* and *Angele*, in which the entire crew, except the captain, is killed.
* 1912 &ndash; The five hundred–year rule of the Ottoman Empire over Macedonia is ended.
* 1916 &ndash; Goldwyn Pictures is founded by Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn.
* 1941 &ndash; World War II: The warships HMAS *Sydney* and HSK *Kormoran* sink each other off Western Australia, with the loss of 645 Australians and 77 Germans.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: Battle of Stalingrad – Soviet Union forces under Georgy Zhukov launch Operation Uranus counter–attacks at Stalingrad, turning the battle in the USSR's favour.
* 1942 &ndash; Mutesa II is crowned as the last Kabala (King) of Buganda.
* 1946 &ndash; Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations.
* 1950 &ndash; Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes Supreme Commander of NATO Europe.
* 1952 &ndash; Alexander Papagos becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
* 1967 &ndash; TVB is founded, as the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong.
* 1969 &ndash; Apollo 12 lands on the Moon. Charles Conrad and Alan LaVern Bean become the 3rd and 4th people respectively to walk on the Moon.
* 1969 &ndash; Brazilian footballer Pelé scores the 1,000th goal of his career.
* 1977 &ndash; Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel, when he meets with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin seeking a permanent peace settlement.
* 1979 &ndash; Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US Embassy in Tehran.
* 1984 &ndash; Oil depot explosions in Mexico City cause a large fire, which kills around 500 people.
* 1985 &ndash; Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev meet.
* 1990 &ndash; Pop group Milli Vanilli are stripped of their Grammy Award because they did not sing at all on the *Girl You Know It’s True* album.
* 1994 &ndash; The United Kingdom's first National Lottery draw is held.
* 1995 &ndash; Aleksander Kwasniewski is elected President of Poland.
* 1996 &ndash; The case of the Port Arthur massacre comes to trial.
* 1998 &ndash; The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee begins impeachment hearings against U.S. President Bill Clinton.
* 1998 &ndash; Vincent van Gogh's *Portrait of the Artist Without Beard* sells at auction for $ 71.5 million.
* 1999 &ndash; The People's Republic of China launches the Shenzhou 1 spacecraft.
* 1999 &ndash; Russia withdraws its military from Georgia.

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; The Prestige oil tanker breaks apart near the coast of Galicia, Spain, causing a large oil spill.
* 2010 &ndash; Twenty–nine miners are trapped after an explosion in the Pike River Mine near Greymouth in New Zealand. They are pronounced dead after a second explosion five days later.
* 2013 &ndash; A storm affecting Sardinia causes heavy rain, flooding and kills 18 people.
* 2013 &ndash; Bomb attacks in Beirut, Lebanon, kill at least 22 people.
* 2014 &ndash; Nicola Sturgeon becomes the 5th, and first female, First Minister of Scotland, succeeding Alex Salmond.
* 2016 &ndash; The German Wikipedia publishes its two–millionth article.
* 2017 &ndash; Talks about forming a governing coalition fail in Germany, after September's election to the Bundestag.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1464 &ndash; Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan (d. 1526)
* 1503 &ndash; Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1547)
* 1563 &ndash; Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (d. 1626)
* 1597 &ndash; Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatine, Electress of Bavaria (d. 1660)
* 1600 &ndash; King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (d. 1649)
* 1600 &ndash; Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (d. 1669)
* 1616 &ndash; Eustache Le Sueur, French painter (d. 1665)
* 1700 &ndash; Jean-Antoine Nollet, French priest and physician (d. 1770)
* 1711 &ndash; Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian writer and polymath (d. 1765)
* 1722 &ndash; Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (d. 1809)
* 1770 &ndash; Adam Johann von Krusenstern, German–Baltic admiral of the Russian fleet (d. 1846)
* 1770 &ndash; Bertel Thorvaldsen, Danish sculptor (d. 1844)
* 1779 &ndash; Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1801)
* 1797 &ndash; René Caillié, French explorer (d. 1838)
* 1802 &ndash; Solomon Foot, American politician (d. 1866)
* 1805 &ndash; Ferdinand de Lesseps, French diplomat and businessman (d. 1894)
* 1805 &ndash; Edouard Drouyn de Unuys, French politician (d. 1881)
* 1808 &ndash; Janez Bleiweis, Slovenian journalist and politician (d. 1881)
* 1814 &ndash; Girolamo de Rada, Albanian–Italian writer (d. 1903)
* 1831 &ndash; James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States (d. 1881)
* 1831 &ndash; José Evaristo Uriburu, President of Argentina (d. 1914)
* 1833 &ndash; Wilhelm Dilthey, German theologian, philosopher, psychologist and educator (d. 1911)
* 1843 &ndash; Richard Avenarius, German philosopher (d. 1896)
* 1859 &ndash; Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer and conductor (d. 1935)
* 1873 &ndash; Elizabeth McCombs, first female member of the New Zealand parliament (d. 1935)
* 1875 &ndash; Mikhail Kalinin, Soviet politician (d. 1946)
* 1875 &ndash; Hiram Bingham, United States Senator and explorer (d. 1956)
* 1876 &ndash; Tatyana Afanasyeva, Russian–Dutch mathematician (d. 1964)
* 1877 &ndash; Giuseppe Volpi, Italian businessman and politician (d. 1947)
* 1879 &ndash; Mait Metsanurk, Estonian writer (d. 1957)
* 1887 &ndash; James B. Sumner, American chemist (d. 1955)
* 1888 &ndash; Jose Raul Capablanca, Cuban chess player (d. 1942)
* 1889 &ndash; Clifton Webb, American actor (d. 1966)
* 1893 &ndash; René Voisin, French classical trumpeter (d. 1952)
* 1894 &ndash; Américo Tomás, 14th President of Portugal (d. 1987)
* 1898 &ndash; Arthur R. von Hippel, German physicist (d. 2003)
* 1899 &ndash; Allen Tate, American poet and literary critic (d. 1979)
* 1900 &ndash; Anna Seghers, German writer (d. 1983)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Princess Mafalda of Savoy (d. 1944)
* 1904 &ndash; Nancy Carroll, American actress (d. 1965)
* 1905 &ndash; Tommy Dorsey, American musician (d. 1956)
* 1908 &ndash; Alan Baxter, actor (d. 1976)
* 1909 &ndash; Elmo Smith, Governor of Oregon (d. 1968)
* 1910 &ndash; Adrian Conan Doyle, English racing driver and author (d. 1970)
* 1912 &ndash; George Emil Palade, Romanian biologist (d. 2008)
* 1912 &ndash; Bernard Joseph McLaughlin, American bishop (d. 2015)
* 1912 &ndash; Robert Simpson, American meteorologist (d. 2014)
* 1914 &ndash; Mills E. Godwin, Jr., two–time Governor of Virginia (d. 1999)
* 1915 &ndash; Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist (d. 1974)
* 1917 &ndash; Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1984)
* 1919 &ndash; Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian movie director (d. 2006)
* 1919 &ndash; Alan Young, British–born American actor (d. 2016)
* 1920 &ndash; Gene Tierney, American actress (d. 1991)
* 1921 &ndash; Roy Campanella, American baseball player (d. 1993)
* 1924 &ndash; Knut Steen, Norwegian sculptor (d. 2011)
* 1925 &ndash; Zygmunt Bauman, Polish–British sociologist (d. 2017)
* 1925 &ndash; John Gordon, English author (d. 2017)
* 1926 &ndash; Jeane Kirkpatrick, 16th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2006)
* 1928 &ndash; Dara Singh, Indian actor and bodybuilder (d. 2012)
* 1930 &ndash; Kurt Nielsen, Danish tennis player (d. 2011)
* 1930 &ndash; Christian Schwarz-Schilling, German politician
* 1932 &ndash; Eleanor F. Helin, American astronomer (d. 2009)
* 1932 &ndash; Jerry Sheindlin, American judge and author
* 1933 &ndash; Larry King, American television personality (d. 2021)
* 1934 &ndash; Valentin Kozmich Ivanov, Russian footballer (d. 2011)
* 1934 &ndash; Kurt Hamrin, Swedish footballer
* 1934 &ndash; David Lloyd Jones, English conductor
* 1935 &ndash; Rashad Khalifa, Egyptian biochemist and computer scientist (d. 1990)
* 1936 &ndash; Yuan T. Lee, Taiwanese chemist
* 1936 &ndash; Dick Cavett, American talkshow host
* 1936 &ndash; Wolfgang Jeschke, German science fiction writer (d. 2015)
* 1937 &ndash; Tamara Bunke, German–Argentine revolutionary (d. 1967)
* 1938 &ndash; Warren "Pete" Moore, American singer–songwriter and record producer (d. 2017)
* 1938 &ndash; Hank Medress, American singer (The Tokens) (d. 2007)
* 1938 &ndash; Ted Turner, American businessman
* 1939 &ndash; Emil Constantinescu, 3rd President of Romania
* 1939 &ndash; Tom Harkin, American politician
* 1939 &ndash; Garrick Utley, American broadcast journalist (d. 2014)
* 1941 &ndash; Tommy Thompson, American politician, 42nd Governor of Wisconsin
* 1941 &ndash; Dan Haggerty, American actor (d. 2016)
* 1942 &ndash; Sharon Olds, American poet
* 1942 &ndash; Calvin Klein, American clothing designer
* 1943 &ndash; Aurelio Monteagudo, Cuban baseball player
* 1943 &ndash; Fred Lipsius, American musician
* 1944 &ndash; Klaus Fichtel, German footballer
* 1944 &ndash; Agnes Baltsa, Greek singer
* 1945 &ndash; Hans Monderman, Dutch road traffic engineer (d. 2008)
* 1947 &ndash; Bob Boone, American baseball player and manager
* 1947 &ndash; Anfinn Kallsberg, 10th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
* 1947 &ndash; Lamar S. Smith, American politician
* 1949 &ndash; Raymond Blanc, French chef

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Charles Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton, British politician
* 1951 &ndash; Mihai Ghimpu, Moldovan politician, former Interim President of Moldova
* 1953 &ndash; Robert Beltran, American actor
* 1954 &ndash; Kathleen Quinlan, American actress
* 1954 &ndash; Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, 6th President of Egypt
* 1955 &ndash; Glynnis O'Connor, American actress
* 1956 &ndash; Eileen Collins, American astronaut
* 1956 &ndash; Ann Curry, American broadcast journalist
* 1956 &ndash; Jim Hodges, former Governor of South Carolina
* 1956 &ndash; Peter Carter, English diplomat (d. 2014)
* 1957 &ndash; Ofra Haza, Israeli singer (d. 2000)
* 1957 &ndash; Joel Goldsmith, American composer (d. 2012)
* 1957 &ndash; Tom Virtue, American actor
* 1958 &ndash; Terrence Carson, American actor
* 1958 &ndash; Algirdas Butkevicius, 12th Prime Minister of Lithuania
* 1959 &ndash; Jo Bonner, American politician
* 1959 &ndash; Allison Janney, American actress
* 1960 &ndash; Matt Sorum, American musician
* 1960 &ndash; Miss Elizabeth, American professional wrestling promoter (d. 2003)
* 1961 &ndash; Meg Ryan, American actress
* 1962 &ndash; Jodie Foster, American actress
* 1962 &ndash; Sean Parnell, American politician, 12th Governor of Alaska
* 1964 &ndash; Petr Necas, 9th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
* 1965 &ndash; Laurent Blanc, French footballer
* 1965 &ndash; Gary Ablett, English footballer (d. 2012)
* 1965 &ndash; Douglas Henshall, Scottish actor
* 1966 &ndash; Kakhaber Kacharava, Georgian footballer
* 1966 &ndash; Gail Devers, American athlete
* 1966 &ndash; Jason Scott Lee, American actor
* 1967 &ndash; Dhafer Youssef, Tunisian jazz musician
* 1971 &ndash; Naoko Mori, Japanese–English actress and singer
* 1974 &ndash; Arun Vijay, Indian movie actor
* 1975 &ndash; Sushmita Sen, Indian beauty queen and actress

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Robin Dunne, Canadian actor
* 1976 &ndash; Jack Dorsey, American founder of Twitter
* 1977 &ndash; Mette Frederiksen, Danish politician, Prime Minister of Denmark
* 1977 &ndash; Kerri Strug, American gymnast
* 1979 &ndash; Ryan Howard, American baseball player
* 1980 &ndash; Adele Silva, English actress
* 1980 &ndash; Vladimir Radmanovic, Serbian basketball player
* 1980 &ndash; Andrew Copson, Chief Executive of the Humanists UK
* 1980 &ndash; Yipsi Moreno, Cuban hammer thrower
* 1981 &ndash; Marcus Banks, American basketball player
* 1983 &ndash; Chandra Crawford, Canadian cross–country skier
* 1983 &ndash; Meseret Defar, Ethiopian runner
* 1984 &ndash; Jorge Fucile, Uruguayan footballer
* 1984 &ndash; Brittany Maynard, American assisted suicide activist (d. 2014)
* 1985 &ndash; Chris Eagles, English footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Milan Smiljanic, Serbian footballer
* 1986 &ndash; Jeannie Ortega, American actress, dancer and songwriter
* 1986 &ndash; Dayron Robles, Cuban athlete
* 1986 &ndash; Hovi Star, Israeli singer
* 1987 &ndash; Feng Zhe, Chinese gymnast
* 1988 &ndash; Xavier Barachet, French handball player
* 1988 &ndash; Patrick Kane, American NHL ice hockey right winger for the Chicago Blackhawks
* 1989 &ndash; Roman Sergeyevich Trofimov, Russian ski jumper
* 1989 &ndash; Tyga, American rapper
* 1992 &ndash; Tove Styrke, Swedish singer-songwriter
* 1993 &ndash; Suso, Spanish footballer
* 1994 &ndash; Ibrahima Mbaye, Senegalese footballer
* 1997 &ndash; McCaughey septuplets
* 1999 &ndash; Evgenia Medvedeva, Russian figure skater
* 2002 &ndash; Gaia Cauchi, Maltese singer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 496 &ndash; Pope Gelasius I
* 498 &ndash; Pope Anastasius II
* 1478 &ndash; Emperor Baeda Maryam of Ethiopia (b. 1448)
* 1481 &ndash; Anne Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk (b. 1472)
* 1492 &ndash; Jami, Persian poet (b. 1414)
* 1557 &ndash; Bona Sforza, Queen of Poland (b. 1494)
* 1577 &ndash; Matsunaga Hisahide, Japanese Shogun (b. 1510) 
* 1581 &ndash; Ivan Ivanovich, son of Ivan IV of Russia (b. 1554)
* 1665 &ndash; Nicolas Poussin, French painter (b. 1594)
* 1703 &ndash; The Man in the Iron Mask, French prisoner whose identity is unknown
* 1772 &ndash; William Nelson, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1711)
* 1785 &ndash; Bernard de Bury, French composer (b. 1720)
* 1798 &ndash; Wolfe Tone, Irish general (b. 1763)
* 1804 &ndash; Pietro Guglielmi, Italian composer (b. 1728)
* 1822 &ndash; Johann Georg Tralles, German mathematician and physicist (b. 1763)
* 1828 &ndash; Franz Schubert, Austrian composer (b. 1797)
* 1850 &ndash; Richard Mentor Johnson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1780)
* 1863 &ndash; John O'Meally, Australian bushranger (b. 1841)
* 1883 &ndash; Carl Wilhelm Siemens, German–English engineer (b. 1823)
* 1887 &ndash; Emma Lazarus, American poet (b. 1849)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1918 &ndash; Joseph F. Smith, American Mormon leader (b. 1838)
* 1924 &ndash; Thomas H. Ince, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1882)
* 1931 &ndash; Xu Zhimo, Chinese poet (b. 1897)
* 1938 &ndash; Lev Shestov, Russian philosopher (b. 1866)
* 1943 &ndash; Miyagiyama Fukumatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1895)
* 1958 &ndash; Vittorio Ambrosio, Italian general (b. 1879)
* 1959 &ndash; Joseph Charbonneau, Canadian archbishop (b. 1892)
* 1962 &ndash; Grigol Robakidze, Georgian writer (b. 1882)
* 1963 &ndash; Carmen Amaya, Spanish dancer and singer (b. 1918)
* 1970 &ndash; Andrey Yeryomenko, Soviet–Russian military (b. 1892)
* 1975 &ndash; Roger D. Branigan, 42nd Governor of Indiana (b. 1902)
* 1976 &ndash; Basil Spence, English architect (b. 1907)
* 1983 &ndash; Tom Evans, English musician (b. 1947)
* 1988 &ndash; Christina Onassis, American–Greek businesswoman (b. 1950)
* 1990 &ndash; Sun Li-jen, Chinese general (b. 1900)
* 1992 &ndash; Bobby Russell, American songwriter (b. 1941)
* 1992 &ndash; Diane Varsi, American actress (b. 1938)
* 1998 &ndash; Alan J. Pakula, American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1928)

### From 2001 
* 2004 &ndash; John Vane, English pharmacologist (b. 1927)
* 2004 &ndash; Piet Esser, Dutch sculptor (b. 1914)
* 2005 &ndash; Erik Balling, Danish movie director (b. 1924)
* 2011 &ndash; Basil D'Oliveira, South African–born English cricketer (b. 1931)
* 2012 &ndash; Pete LaRoca, American jazz musician (b. 1938)
* 2012 &ndash; Boris Strugatsky, Russian author (b. 1923)
* 2013 &ndash; Frederick Sanger, British biochemist, two–time Nobel Prize winner (b. 1918)
* 2014 &ndash; Otieno Kajwang, Kenyan politician (b. 1959)
* 2014 &ndash; Gholam Hossein Mazloumi, Iranian footballer (b. 1950)
* 2014 &ndash; Mike Nichols, German–born American television, stage and movie director (b. 1931)
* 2014 &ndash; Richard A. Jensen, American theologian (b. 1934)
* 2015 &ndash; Armand, Dutch protest singer (b. 1946)
* 2015 &ndash; Allen E. Ertel, American politician (b. 1937)
* 2017 &ndash; Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, Italian cardinal (b. 1925)
* 2017 &ndash; Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme, Vice president of Nigeria (b. 1932)
* 2017 &ndash; Fernando Matthei, Chilean air force general (b. 1925)
* 2017 &ndash; Warren "Pete" Moore, American singer–songwriter and record producer (b. 1938)
* 2017 &ndash; Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player (b. 1968)
* 2017 &ndash; Della Reese, American actress and singer (b. 1931)
* 2017 &ndash; Tai Chen-yao, Taiwanese politician (b. 1948)
* 2017 &ndash; Mel Tillis, American country singer (b. 1932)
* 2017 &ndash; Charles Manson, American cult leader (b. 1934)
* 2018 &ndash; Apisai Ielemia, 10th Prime minister of Tuvalu (b. 1955)
* 2018 &ndash; Alí Rodríguez Araque, Venezuelan politician (b. 1937)
* 2019 &ndash; José Mário Branco, Portuguese singer–songwriter, actor and record producer (b. 1942)
* 2019 &ndash; Purita Campos, Spanish cartoonist, illustrator and painter (b. 1937)
* 2019 &ndash; Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman, British politician and businessman (b. 1923)
* 2019 &ndash; D. M. Jayaratne, Sri Lankan politician, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1931)
* 2019 &ndash; Tom Lyle, American comics artist and illustrator (b. 1953)
* 2019 &ndash; Fazlollah Reza, Iranian politician (b. 1915)

## Holidays and observances 
* Brazil – Flag Day
* Mali – Liberation Day
* Puerto Rico – Discovery of Puerto Rico (1493)
* Norway – The Liberation of the Sámi of the coast
* Monaco – National holiday
* International Men's Day
* World Toilet Day (See also: World Toilet Organization)