open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Paid survey

A **paid** or **incentivized survey** is a type of survey where person for filling out the details will get some reward.
Usual prizes will be small amount of money, simple reward like pen or cup, or entry in to competition to win something.

## Details
Web-based survey have come a long way, from 1980s where first email surveys were conducted to 1990s when initial web-based surveys were introduced. There were almost $500 million spent on web-based surveys in 2002, and According to Inside Research this number climbed up to about $960 million in 2004.

But despite the advances in survey research, there are still many short comings and problems, such as declining response rates, limited online data bases, mistrust about survey uses (true research versus selling), survey length, issues concerning privacy and security, internet surveys being looked at as spam by some etc.

Most of Online Surveys that are real will not pay cash, but instead give vouchers or prizes.
Online or Internet surveys are very useful for many companies. People get rewarded for answering questions about a product, a company or any questions that will help the company to work better.

Many companies pay people to take a survey, but some are for free.

In era of digital surveys there is many fraud cases where user will be not paid after completing one. Some ways of avoiding fraud sites is to check them on MyWot, review sites or by simply checking their reviews on forums.

It is getting more popular to fill surveys to get access to website or valuable content.

Another popular form of surveys that has recently emerged are daily surveys. Daily survey panels allow their members to participate in surveys everyday. The user is taken through a router where they can keep trying to qualify until a survey is found that matches their demographics. Daily surveys pay less than most paid surveys, but the opportunity to qualify is much greater and payouts are usually cash instead of prizes.

Businesses spend $18.7 billion worldwide on market research, as reported by CASRO.

## References
Lifeline (crisis support service)

**Lifeline** is a non-profit organisation that provides free, 24-hour telephone support to people in need. Lifeline does not make any profit.

A Lifeline Assistance called Volunteer Crisis Supporters provides suicide prevention services (trying to persuade people not to kill themselves) and mental health support (helping with depression and other issues). They help people not only by telephone but face-to-face and online too.

Most people that work at the telephone centres for Lifeline work for free. They are called volunteers. They are very well trained to help people with any problems. More than 400,000 calls are served by the Lifeline Assistance every year.Some Lifeline Centres also provide other support services that may have group support, assistance with food & bills and support for the old people.

Lifeline has more than 260 retail outlets around Australia that sell clothes and furniture to make enough money to pay for training and office space they use. Some Lifeline Centres have few stores which helps them with day-to-day spending. Some lifelines can provide people in need with free mobile phones thanks to government grants.

The 2010 report recorded 2,361 deaths by suicide in Australia, 480 more deaths than in 2007.

## References
Sportsbook

, during Super Bowl XLII, February 2008]]
In the United States of America a **sportsbook** is a place where a player can bet money on many different sports, for example basketball, golf, football, hockey, baseball, soccer, horse racing, boxing and many more.
A bet is when a person thinks that a particular team/contestant will win a competition and gives some money. If he wins the bet - he will receive his money back with some monetary prize. If his team/contestant loses, he will not get his money back.

The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 allows only Nevada, Oregon, Montana, and Delaware to legally bet on sports.
There are more Sportbooks that allow betting online or through mobile. With better availability and lower minimum bets, the whole industry is rapidly growing.

Before placing a bet a person should read the terms and conditions of the sportsbook to avoid any problems.

## References
Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium

The **Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium (SBNS)**'  in Bangladesh is sometimes called the **Mirpur Stadium**. It is in the Mirpur district of Dhaka. It can hold 26.000 people at a time. It was built in 2006. It was named after Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq "The tiger of Bangla".

The stadium has hosted Bangladesh's first class, test, ODI, twenty20 and women's cricket matches. It also hosted international matches like 2011 World Cup, Asia Cup etc.

## Facilities
The ground is a state of the art stadium. It is considered one of the best grounds in the subcontinent. Its most striking and interesting part is its modern drainage. The ground was originally built for football and athletics. For this reason it was built in rectangular shape. But when it was shifted for cricket it was fixed to oval for cricket. The ground was fitted with floodlights on 2009. it is able to host Day/night cricket matches.

## First test and ODI
he ground hosted its first Test match on 25 May 2007. It was a test match between Bangladesh and India. It hosted it's first ODI on December 8, 2006. The match was played by Bangladesh and Zimbabwe. 
## BPL
## 2011 Cricket World Cup
The stadium hosted 4 group matches and 2 quarter finals during the 2011 Cricket World Cup.

### Group matches
----

----

----

----

### Quarter-finals
----

### Quarter-finals
----

## Asia Cup, 2012
Bangladesh hosted the  12th edition of the Asia Cup. Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium hosted those matches.

### Group matches
----

----

----

----

----

----

### Final
## Gallery

File:Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium 002.jpg|Workers working on a light in the ground
File:Zimbabwean Players Take The Drinks Break.jpg|Zimbabwean players take the Drinks Break
File:Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium 005.jpg|Aerial View
File:Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium 006.jpg|Aerial View
File:Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium - Grand Stand.png| Grand Stand 
File:Sher e Bangla National Stadium Media End.png|Media Centre End, Night View
File:Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium 004.jpg|Aerial view of the ground
File:Ispahani End, Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium.jpg|Ispahani End of the Stadium, Before Chairs were fitted in all parts of gallery
File:Bangladesh Team Returning to Dressing Room.jpg| Bangladesh team returning to the dressing room at the Stadium
File:Bangladesh Players Celebrate Fall of Wicket.jpg|Players celebrate after taking a wicket 
File:Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium 003.jpg|Workers working on floodlights.
File:Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium 001.jpg|Floodlights
File:Mirpurstadium201.jpg|In the middle of a match

## References
## Other websites
* Upcoming Matches at Mirpur Stadium – List of Fixtures to be played at Sher e Bangla National Stadium.
* A BanglaCricket Exclusive: The Mirpur Stadium  – an article on the recent reconstruction of the ground.
List of Bangladesh Test cricketers

This is a **list of Bangladeshi Test cricketers**. This list is arranged to show the test cricketers of Bangladesh. If more than one player won his first Test cap in the same Test match, then those players are listed alphabetically by surname.

Statistics are correct as of 11 July 2021.

## Related pages 
* Test cricket
* Bangladeshi cricket team

## References 
## Other websites 
* Cricinfo
* Howstat
List of Bangladesh ODI cricketers

This is a list of One Day International cricketers for Bangladesh. The list is arranged in an order, in which each player won his first ODI cap. If more than one player won his first ODI cap in the same match, then those players are listed alphabetically by first name.

Statistics are correct as at 31 July 2008.

Notes:
*1 Mohammad Ashraful also played ODI cricket for ACC Asian XI. Only his records for Bangladesh are given above. 

## Other websites
*Howstat
*Cricinfo
Mobile advertising

**Mobile advertising** is very similar to online or internet advertising. Mobile advertising is method of advertising via mobile phones or other mobile devices like tablets.

More and more people worldwide have mobile phones and spend on them a lot of time so mobile advertising is very successful these days and the whole market is growing fast.
Today there are more mobile phones than TVs and computers in the world.

In Spain 75% of mobile phone owners receive mobile advertising. In France 62% and in Japan 54% mobile phone owners receive mobile advertising. In Japan today, 44% of mobile phone owners click on ads they get on their phones. Mobile advertising was worth 900 million dollars only in Japan.

There are people and organizations that want to create guidelines for Mobile Advertising (set of rules to follow).

## References
List of Australia Test cricketers

This article lists Australian Test cricketers as of 14 February 2013.

## Early years: 1877–89
## Golden Age: 1890–1914
## Inter-war years: 1919–39
## Post-war years: 1946–59
## 1960s
## 1970s
## 1980s
## 1990s
## 2000s
## 2010s
## Other websites
* Cricket Australia 
* Howstat
* Cricinfo
Nasir Hossain

**Nasir Hossain** (born 30 November 1991) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is an all-rounder. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in August 2011 against Zimbabwe. He also made his Test debut in 2011. The opposition team was West Indies.

## References
Aryabhata (satellite)

-I, Bhaskara-II and Aryabhata satellites]]
**Aryabhata** was India's first satellite. It got its name from the Indian astronomer of the same name.

## References
Jacquard loom

]]
The **Jacquard loom** is a mechanical loom. It is used to make patterns in clothing material. It was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard, and first used in 1801. It simplified the process of making textiles with complex patterns.

## References
List of New Zealand Test cricketers

This is a list of cricketers who play Test cricket for New Zealand.

Statistics are correct as of New Zealand v England, 3rd Test, 2007-08 (26 March, 2008)  

Note: 
*1Sammy Guillen also played Test cricket for the West Indies. Only his records for 
New Zealand is shown above.
*2Daniel Vettori has also played Test cricket for the ICC World XI. Only his record for New Zealand is shown above.

## Related pages 
* List of New Zealand cricketers

## Other websites 
* Cricinfo
* Howstat
Lion Airlines

Pilot Lion Membawah ticket sebanyak 100 lembar Dan meniggal Saat menerbangkan Pesawat Jatuh di Bandara tersangkut di Tower AirNav yang Tangani Maintenance tapi Gaji Pilot diserahkan Kepada Asuransi Ke Pihak Para Pekerja Teknisi, Maintenance sudah mencapai Gaji Maintenance 50.000.000 di Indonesia
**PT Lion Mentari Airlines**, Cs 08159648649 **Lion Air** or **Lion Airlines** is the largest private airline in Indonesia. Lion Air have their headquarter office in Jakarta, Indonesia. Lion Air goes to places like Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia.  The airplanes go to 56 different places in Indonesia and world with a fleet of 89 airplanes.

Lion Airlines cannot fly in European Union because they did not passed safety laws set by officials.
On 18 November 2011, the airline informed about order of Boeing planes setting the record for the world's bigge
st single order of 230 planes for a commercial airline worth $21.7 billion.

## References
Okinawa (city)

is a Japanese city in Okinawa Prefecture on the island of Okinawa.

## History
In 1908, Okinawa Prefecture established the villages of Goeku and Misato. During the occupation of Japan, the U.S. military government established the city of  in Goeku.

In 1974, the city of Okinawa was created by the merger of Misato and Koza.

## References
## Other websites 
* http://www02.bbc.city.okinawa.okinawa.jp/english/english-index.html ; [http://www.city.okinawa.okinawa.jp/ ]
*
List of Pakistan Test cricketers

This is a list of cricketers who play Test cricket for Pakistan.

Statistics are correct as of 24 August 2008.

Notes:
*1Amir Elahi, Gul Mohammad and Abdul Hafeez Kardar also played cricket for India. Only their records for Pakistan are given above.
*2 Gul Mohammad's name is sometimes recorded as Gul Mahomed
*3 Inzamam-ul-Haq has also played for the ICC World XI. Only his record for Pakistan is given above.
*4 Mohammad Yousuf was known as Yousuf Youhana until 2005.

## Other websites 
* Cricinfo
* Howstat
Buin-e Sofla

**Buin-e Sofla** (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,524, in 977 families.

## References
Rude Awakening

***Rude Awakening*** is a comedy movie released in August 1989. It stars Cindy Williams as June and Andrea Martin as April. The movie is set in the late 1960s in New York City. The movie received negative reviews by critics while in theaters.

## Other websites
*
*
*
*
*
Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio

**Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio** (November 17 1958) is an American actress. She first became well known after playing Gina Montana in the 1983 movie *Scarface*. She also played Carmen in the 1986 movie *The Color of Money*. Her other movies include *Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves* (1991) and *The Abyss* (1989). Mastrantonio was born in Illinois.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
List of India Test cricketers

This is a list of **Test cricketers** who have played for India. A Test match is an international cricket match between two of the leading cricketing nations. The list is arranged in the order in which each player won his Test cap. Where more than one player won his first Test cap in the same Test match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.

## Players
Statistics are correct as of 25 February 2021.

## Captains
Statistics are correct as of 17 January 2022.

## Notes and references
## Other websites
*Howstat
Planck's law

'''Planck's law'* describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature *T''. The law is named after Max Planck, who proposed it in 1900. It is a pioneering result of modern physics and quantum theory.

## Related pages
* Blackbody radiation
Irtysh River

The **Irtysh River** (; ;  / ; , *"Twirl"*; ) is a river in Siberia and Kazakhstan. It is the main tributary of the Ob River. The main tributary of the Irtysh is the Tobol River. The Ob-Irtysh forms a major drainage basin in Asia, and covers most of Western Siberia and the Altay Mountains.

From its origins as the *Kara-Irtysh* (Vast Irtysh, kara means Vast in Turkic languages but also black. But in the context and geographic terms usually refers vast) in the Mongolian Altay mountains in Xinjiang, China, the Irtysh flows northwest through Lake Zaysan in Kazakhstan, meeting the Ishim and Tobol rivers before merging with the Ob near Khanty-Mansiysk in western Siberia, Russia after 4,248 kilometres (2,640&nbsp;mi).

The name **Black Irtysh** (*Kara-Irtysh* in Kazakh, or *Cherny Irtysh* in Russian) is applied by some authors, especially in Russia and Kazakhstan, to the upper course of the river, from its source entering Lake Zaysan. The term **White Irtysh**, in opposition to the Black Irtysh, was occasionally used in the past to refer to the Irtysh below lake Zaysan; now this usage is largely obsolete.

## Main tributaries 
The largest tributaries of the Irtysh are, from source to mouth:

* Kelan (right)
* Burqin (right)
* Kalzhyr (right)
* Kürshim (right)
* Naryn (right)
* Bukhtarma (right)
* Ulba (right)
* Uba (right)
* Chagan (left)
* Om (right)
* Tara (right)
* Uy (right)
* Osha (left)
* Shish (right)
* Ishim (left)
* Tobol (left)
* Noska (left)
* Demyanka (right)
* Konda (left)
Kure, Hiroshima

is a Japanese city in Hiroshima Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## History 
In 1894, Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi transfered the Imperial Headquarters (''Daihon'ei'') to Kure.

The modern city of Kure was founded in 1902.

The natural harbor was a naval base until the end of the Second World War.

### Timeline
* **1889**: Kure Army base established
* **1894**: Imperial Diet met at Kure
* **1902**: City of Kure created from merger of Washō, Futagawa, Miyahara and Sōyamada
* **1903**: Kure Naval Arsenal established.

## Education
* Goko Academy

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.city.kure.lg.jp/english/index.html ; [http://www.city.kure.lg.jp/ ]
* Yamato Museum 
*
Interpretations of quantum mechanics

In quantum mechanics, it's very hard to understand what the math actually means in real life. However, there are many ideas about how to understand quantum mechanics. There are no facts to prove any interpretation over the others, but there are some that are more accepted than others.

## Background material 
The main ideas of quantum mechanics are the assumptions of Schrödinger and Heisenberg. The Schrödinger equation is a partial differential equation that describes the wavefunction of an object.  The equation is given by

i\hbar \frac{\partial \Psi}{\partial t}=\frac{-h}{2m}\nabla^2 \Psi + V(x)\Psi (x)

This equation means that a particle, such as an electron, is not *just* a point-like particle, but also a type of wave. Another fundamental of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

## Quantum determinism 
The interpretation, presented by Albert Einstein, states that the outcome of some random event is predetermined. So, rather than a particle existing as a probability wave, this interpretation says that the particle exists only in one position, but we just perceive it to be a probability. This idea is much less popular. 

## Which one is right? 
So, of the three main interpretations of quantum mechanics, which one is correct? Physicists seem to think that the Copenhagen interpretation is the most likely, but no one is sure.

## References
Cave Johnson

**Cave Johnson** (January 11, 1793 &ndash; November 23, 1866) was a United States Congressman from Tennessee. He was from the Democratic Party.

## References
Hioki, Kagoshima

is a Japanese city in Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## History
The city was created in 2005 from the merger of the towns of Fukiage, Higashiichiki, Hiyoshi and Ijūin.

## Sister cities 
*  Subang Jaya 

## References
## Other websites
* Hioki City website
Etajima, Hiroshima

is a Japanese city in Hiroshima Prefecture on the Etajima Island at the entrance of the bay of  Hiroshima.

## History
Etajima was the site of the  from 1888 to 1945.

The present city was created in 2004. It was created by uniting 4 towns: Etajima, Nōmi, Ōgaki, and Okimi.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Etajima City website
Nichinan, Miyazaki

is a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

## History
Nichinan grew up around Obi Castle.

The modern city was established in 1950.

## References
## Other websites
* Nichinan City website 
* Japanese National Tourist Organization
Julia Child

**Julia Carolyn Child** (born **Julia Carolyn McWilliams**; August 15, 1912 &ndash; August 13, 2004) was an American television personality, writer, and chef. She was known for having her own cooking show *The French Chef*. She won a Peabody Award and an Emmy Award. 

Child was born on August 15, 1912 in Pasadena, California. She studied at Smith College and at Le Cordon Bleu. Child was married to Paul Cushing Child from 1946 until his death in 1994, but they didn't have children. Child died on August 13, 2004 in Montecito, California from kidney failure, two days before her 92nd birthday. 

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Julia Child: Lessons with Master Chefs  from PBS
* Julia Child's Kitchen at the Smithsonian
* American television interview with Julia Child on June 25, 1999, at Google Video
* Coverage of Julia Child in *The New York Times*
*Julia Child Papers.Schlesinger Library , Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
Roy W. Hill

**Roy William Hill** (December 1, 1899 &ndash; February 14, 1986) was an American automobile dealer, philanthropist, and businessman. He helped start the Eisenhower Medical Center.

Hill was born on December 1, 1899 in Los Angeles, California. He was married to Madeleine M. Hill from 1924 until they divorced during the 1930s. Then he was married to Faye D Maxwell from 1942 until they divorced in 1969. Then he was married to Anne T. Hill from 1971 until his death in 1986. Hill died on February 14, 1986 from heart failure in his Rancho Mirage, California, aged 86.

## References
Meg Hillier

**Meg Hillier** (born 1969, Hampstead) is the Labour MP for Hackney South and Shoreditch. She was also the Mayor of Islington, where she lives. She read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at St Hilda's College, Oxford. She is currently Chair of the Public Accounts Committee in Parliament after taking over from Margaret Hodge.

## References
St Hilda's College, Oxford

'''St. Hilda's College, Oxford''' is part of the University of Oxford. It was founded as a women's college in 1893 and remained single sex until 2008.

## Other websites
*St Hilda's website
St. Hilda

**Saint Hilda** (614-690) of Whitby, Yorkshire was an abbess. Bede writes about her in his history of the church.

## Other websites
*St Hilda at the Catholic Encyclopaedia
Michelle Monaghan

**Michelle Monaghan** (born March 23, 1976) is an American movie and television program actress. She was in the movies *Eagle Eye*, *Made of Honor* and *Mission: Impossible III*. She also acted in the television program *Boston Public*. Before acting, she appeared on the covers of several magazines. Monaghan was born in Winthrop, Iowa.

## Movie list 
'' European Red Carpet, Paris, July 12, 2018]]
### Movies 
### Television 
## References
Hyūga, Miyazaki

is a Japanese city in Miyazaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

## History
The  preservation district has a 19th century character.

The modern city was established in 1951.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Hyuga City website
Qinghai

**Qinghai Province** is a large province in north-west China on the Tibetan Plateau. 

## Related pages
*Political divisions of China

## Other websites
*Memorials from Qinghai
Whitby

with blue waves and green ammonites]]

**Whitby** is a fishing port near Scarborough, North Yorkshire, in northeast England.  13,213 people live there. Its name comes from the Old Norse Witebi, which means the "white settlement".

Whitby is on the edge of the North Yorkshire Moors.  

Its heritage coast is around 35 miles (56 km) long, stretching from Staithes to Flamborough. At Whitby, dinosaur footprints are visible on the beach. The black mineral jet is found in the cliffs and on the moors and has been used since the Bronze Age to make beads.  In Victorian times jet was brought to Whitby by pack pony to be made into decorative items. It was most popular in the mid-19th century when it was chosen for mourning jewellery by Queen Victoria after the death of Prince Albert.

In the Middle Ages, Whitby was home to whaling and herring fishing fleets.  Now, lobsters, brown and velvet crabs are important to the local fishery.  Tourists first began to visit Whitby in the 1800s.  Tourism is now the main source of income for Whitby.

Whitby's East cliff is the home of Whitby Abbey.  On the West Cliff, a whalebone arch commemorates Whitby's fishing heritage.

Captain James Cook, a British explorer who mapped New Zealand, Hawaii and Newfoundland, learnt to sail in Whitby. 

Part of Bram Stoker's story of Dracula is set in Whitby.

## Other websites
*Whitby website
Jason Spezza

**Jason Rocco Anthony Spezza** (born June 13, 1983 in Mississauga, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He played a total of 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Ottawa Senators, Dallas Stars and Toronto Maple Leafs.

He began his hockey career with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the Mississauga Ice Dogs for 2 seasons, the Windsor Spitfires for 2 seasons and the Belleville Bulls for 1 season. He entered the draft in 2001 and he was drafted with the 2nd overall by the Ottawa Senators in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.

He was assigned to the Grand Rapids Griffins, the farm team of the Senators. He was called up to the Senators and made his NHL debut in the 2002-03 NHL season. He played 33 games with the Senators and played most of the season with Ottawa's new affiliate, Binghamton Senators. He was called up and played two seasons with the Senators and was sent down to the Binghamton Senators to play a season. After that he joined the Ottawa's main roster full-time.

Spezza was on the cover of 2007 video game, NHL 2K8. He married his girlfriend Jennifer on July 25, 2009. They have two daughters Sophia Donna Spezza (born June 8, 2010) and Nicola Patricia Spezza (born April 1, 2012).

On July 1, 2014, after Spezza had requested a trade, the Senators traded him along with Ludwig Karlsson to the Dallas Stars in exchange for Alex Chiasson, Alex Guptill, Nicolas Paul and a 2015 second-round pick to Ottawa.

On May 29, 2022, Spezza announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey. After he retired, he became an assistant to Leafs general manager Kyle Dubas. On May 19, 2023, Spezza stepped down when Dubas was fired.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Iris (eye)

The **iris** (plural: ***irides*** or ***irises***) is a thin, circular structure in the eye. It controls the diameter and size of the pupils.

Eye color is the color of the iris. In humans, the iris may look green, blue, brown, hazel (a combination of light brown, green and gold), grey, violet, or even pink. In response to the amount of light exiting the eye, muscles attached to the iris expand or contract the pupil. The larger the pupil, the more light can enter the eye and reach the retina.
Ogasawara, Tokyo

is a Japanese village in the Ogasawara Subprefecture of Tokyo.
  
## History
In 1940, municipalities were created for groups and single isolated islands in the Pacific Ocean.  The Tokyo Metropolitan Government was made responsible for local government on the islands, including

* on 
* on Chichijima
* on 
* on Hahajima
* on Iwo Jima, including the 

The local government structure of the post-war occupation of these islands is still used today. 6.57&nbsp;km²
**Chichijima 0.01&nbsp;km²
* 1.40&nbsp;km²

The Japanese government  Okinotori as Japan's southernmost island.  It is 1,700 kilometers south of central Tokyo.

## References
## Other websites 
* Ogasawara Village website
Pope Soter

**Pope Soter** (; d. 174) was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church who became the 12th Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome, from 166 until his death in 174.

## Pope
Records from that time mention his letters.  One such letter is an admonishment of the moral laxity in the Church at Corinth.  Another is regarding who can touch the sacred cloths used in the Mass.

The issue of when to celebrate Easter was discussed again and Catholics were instructed to celebrate the day on a Sunday rather than on Passover which some Churches, particularly in Asia Minor, were doing.  He is considered a Saint of the Catholic Church and his feast day is celebrated on April 22.

## Related pages
* List of popes

## References 
 of the popes ]]

## Other websites
* 
* Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma

army SA-330B Puma]]
 Puma.]]
n Puma.]]
n Puma.]]
 Puma.]]
 civilian waterbomber Puma.]]
 SA-330 Puma.]]
 Puma.]]
 SA-330 Puma in the desert of Iraq in 1990.]]

The **Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma** is a transport helicopter designed and built in France. The design was first built by Sud Aviation, and later by Aérospatiale. It was also built by Westland Helicopter in the United Kingdom after an agreement between the two countries It first flew in April 1965. It is mainly used by Armée de l'Air, Royal Air Force, and some other air forces. It is also used by civilians.

## SA-330 specifications 
The **Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma** is 59.6½ feet (18.15 meters) long, 49.2½ feet (15.00 meters) diameter, and 16.10½ feet (5.14 meters) tall. A minimum mass that weighs 7,795 pounds (3,536 kg) and at the maximum mass that weighs 15,532 pounds (7,000&nbsp;kg). It is powered by two Turbomeca Turmo engines driving a helicopter rotor with four blades.

The passenger cabin allows the reception of sixteen to twenty armed soldiers in military version, and fourteen to sixteen passengers in civil version. The two-seater cockpit of the helicopter is type side by side. A mechanic, also serving the mechanical winch, takes place at the rear. He can used the removable machine gun.

## SA-330 users 
At the beginning of 2013, these countries were still using or had used the military **Puma**:
:
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## SA-330 variants 
If the majority of Puma was built by Aérospatiale in France and the UK by Westland but. A few others were produced under license in Indonesia, Romania, and South Africa.

### French built Puma 
*SA-330A*, *SA-330B*, *SA-330Ba*, *SA-330C*, *SA-330E*, *SA-330F*, *SA-330G*, *SA-330H*, *SA-330J*, *SA-330L*, *SA-330S*, *SA-330Z*.
SA-330A is the prototype and SA-330Z is an experimental version.

### British built Puma 
*Puma HC Mk-1*, *Puma HC Mk-2*.
British production is only for the military version.

### Indonesian built Puma 
*NAS-330J*. Indonesian Puma are built by IPTN, indigenous aeronautical industry, for civilian and military.

### Romanian built Puma 
*IAR-330*, *IAR-330 SOCAT*. Romanian Puma are built by IAR, indigenous aeronautical industriy, for civilian and military. IAR-330 SOCAT is an attack and transport helicopter, like soviet helicopter Mi-24 Hind.

### South African built Puma 
*Oryx*. South African Puma are built by Atlas Aircraft Corporation, indigenous aeronautical industriy, for civilian and military.

## Notes 
The **SA-330 Puma** gave birth to a derivative extensively modified, designated AS-332 Super Puma.

## References
Kristen Johnston

**Kristen Angela Johnston** (born September 20, 1967) is an American movie, stage and television program actress who won two Emmy Awards for acting. She acted as Sally Solomon in the sitcom *3rd Rock from the Sun* and has been in several movies. She was born in Washington, D.C., though was raised close to Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Ilford

**Ilford** is a large town in Greater London, the headquarters of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is also identified as a major area in the London Plan, being located about 9.1 miles east of Charing Cross. 

Ilford was once a small settlement in Essex. It started to develop because of its strategic position near the River Roding and the road from London to Colchester. The arrival of the railway in 1839 also boosted this growth, causing trade and development to foster in the area. Ilford became a municipal borough in *1926* as well as expanding and increasing in population. In 1965, however, the municipal boroughs were scrapped and the area was removed from Essex and dissolved into Greater London. Many people still refer to Ilford and other East London areas as being part of Essex. 

Ilford is part of the IG postcode area although some parts are in the E postcode area instead.
Ricky Tomlinson

**Ricky Tomlinson** (born 26 September 1939) is a British actor and political activist. He was born Eric Tomlinson in Bispham, Blackpool, Lancashire. He is best known for his roles as Bobby Grant in *Brookside*, DCI Charlie Wise in *Cracker* and Jim Royle in *The Royle Family*. 

Tomlinson is a close friend of Arthur Scargill and often appears on party political broadcasts for Scargill's Socialist Labour Party, most recently for the 2009 European Parliament elections. He is a long-time member of the Socialist Labour Party, 

## References
## Other websites
*
Ann Sothern

**Ann Sothern** (January 22, 1909 - March 15, 2001) was an American movie, stage and television series actress. She starred in a lot of radio and television shows. She began her career in the late 1920s, and it lasted less than sixty years. She acted in the sitcoms *Private Secretary* (1953-58) and *The Ann Sothern Show* (1958-61). Sothern was born in North Dakota. She moved to Idaho after she retired from acting. She died in Idaho from heart failure.

## Other websites 
*
Bernardo O'Higgins

'''Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme''' (1778–1842) was a Chilean independence leader. Along with José de San Martín, he is credited with liberating Chile from Spanish rule. Although he was the second Supreme Director of Chile (1817&ndash;1823), he is considered one of Chile's founding fathers. He was also the first leader of a fully independent Chilean state.
Gustavo Santaolalla

**Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla** (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, composer, and record producer. He is known for composing music for movies with Alejandro González Iñárritu. He composed the music for the first four psychological drama movies Iñárritu directed. He also wrote the music for the video games *The Last of Us* (2013) and *The Last of Us Part II* (2020) and the themes for television series such as *Jane the Virgin* (2014–2019), MBC4 satricial romantic dramedy  series Miss Farah (2019-2022), Arabic adaptation of The CW American satirical romantic dramedy series *Jane the Virgin* (2014–2019). and *Making a Murderer* (2015–present)). He won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years. He won for *Brokeback Mountain* in 2005 and *Babel* in 2006.  He has also won the BAFTA Award for *Babel* and *The Motorcycle Diaries*.

## References
Coti

**Roberto Fidel Ernesto Sorokin**, known by his stage name **Coti**, is an Argentine musician. He is best known for his work with other Spanish-language artists like Andrés Calamaro, Julieta Venegas, Paulina Rubio and Luis Miguel. His 2005 release, *Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos* went gold in both Argentina and Mexico. It went double platinum in Spain.

## Discography
* Coti (2002)
* Canciones Para Llevar (2004)
* Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos (2005)
* Gatos y Palomas (2007)
* Malditas Canciones (2009)

## References
## Other websites
* Official site
Mitochondrial Eve

**Mitochondrial Eve** is a term from genetics and human evolution. It refers to a woman, whose mitochondrial DNA is a parent of all living humans. To put this more exactly, she is the female most recent common ancestor of all humans alive at present. 

## How this is decided 
Rather than use full DNA comparisons, two simpler methods are used:
*Y-chromosome DNA
*Mitochondrial DNA
This gives haplogroups (a haplogroup is a combination of genes on different chromosomal regions that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together).

## The results 
According to current research, Mitochondrial Eve lived about 200.000 years ago. Most likely she lived in East Africa, when *Homo sapiens sapiens* (anatomically modern humans) were developing as a population distinct from other human sub-species.

Mitochondrial Eve lived later than *Homo heidelbergensis* and the emergence of *Homo neanderthalensis*, but earlier than the out of Africa migration.
The dating for 'Eve' was a blow to the multiregional hypothesis, and a boost to the hypothesis that modern humans originated relatively recently in Africa and spread from there, replacing more "archaic" human populations such as Neanderthals. As a result, the latter hypothesis became dominant.

## References
King Ghidorah

**King Ghidorah** is a fictional monster who appears in movies from Japan. He first appeared in *Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster*. Since then, he has appeared in several *Godzilla* movies. He is a golden three-headed dragon with no arms, large wings, and two tails. He is the strongest monster in the *Godzilla* movies.

## Appearances
**Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster* (1964)
**Invasion of the Astro-Monster* (1965)
**Destroy All Monsters* (1968)
**Godzilla vs. Gigan* (1972)
**Zone Fighter* (1973)
**Terror of Mechagodzilla* (1975) (stock footage)
**Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah* (1991)
**Rebirth of Mothra* (1996; also as "Death Ghidorah")
**Godzilla Island* (1997)
**Rebirth of Mothra III* (1998)
**Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack* (2001)
**Godzilla: Final Wars* (2004; also as "Monster X", and "Keizer Ghidorah")
**Godzilla: King of the Monsters* (2019)

## Other websites
* Toho Kingdom description
Sandy Dennis

**Sandra Dale "Sandy" Dennis** (April 27, 1937-March 2, 1992) was an American actress. She received two Tony Awards for acting. She performed mostly in theater and movies. Her most notable movies included *Sweet November* (1968), *The Out-of-Towners* (1970) and *The Indian Runner*. Dennis was born in Nebraska. She died of ovarian cancer in Westport, Connecticut.
Sakai, Osaka

is a city in Osaka Prefecture. It has over 800,000 people. It is known for its ancient burial mounds and its cutlery industry. 

And the largest kofun, *Daisen-kofun*, the imperial tomb of Emperor Nintoku is located.
----
*
Scott Mills

**Scott Mills** (born 28 March 1973) is a British radio DJ. He has his own daily show on BBC Radio 1. He is also a television presenter and an actor. He was born in Southampton. He had a slot everyday in the afternoon.

He left Radio 1 in August 2022 and moved to Radio 2, initially presenting the afternoon show but then on 27 January 2025, he became the host of the flagship Breakfast Show, replacing Zoe Ball. However, in March 2026, he was sacked by the BBC and dismissed from the Breakfast Show due to his "personal conduct" relating to a "historic relationship". 

Mills is openly gay.
 
## References
Piano Sonata No. 11 (Mozart)

The **Piano Sonata No. 11** in A major, K. 331 is a piece of music for the piano. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was published in Vienna, Austria by Artaria in 1784. It is the second of a group of three piano sonatas. Mozart probably wrote the group in Salzburg in the summer of 1783. It was then that he brought his wife Constance (Weber) to his hometown to introduce her to his father Leopold. The first sonata in the group is No. 10 in C major, K. 330. The third is No. 12 in F major, K. 332. Mozart numbered this group of sonatas 1 through 3. He spent much time teaching during his early years in Vienna. It is likely that these sonatas were written for his pupils.

The A major sonata is unique among Mozart's piano sonatas. It does not include a movement in sonata form. The first movement is a lilting theme in 6/8 followed by six variations in A major and A minor. The last variation is in 4/4 time.  The second movement is a Menuetto in A major with a contrasting section (called a Trio) in D major. It is written in 3/4 time. The third and final movement is the famous "Alla Turca" (**Turkish March** or **Turkish Rondo**) in 2/4 time. It is considered one of the finest examples of Viennese Turkish music that was produced in the late 18th century. The rondo's rolled block bass chords suggest the drum rolls of a Turkish Janissary band. In true classical style, the rondo alternates between major and minor keys, and loud and soft dynamics. The piece is a favorite for amateur recitals.

## Notes
## References
*
Lisa Blount

**Lisa Blount** (July 1, 1957 – October 27, 2010) was an American television series and movie actress and producer who was in notable movies. She starred *An Officer and a Gentleman* (1982) and in the 2005 movie *Chrystal*. Blount was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas. She died in Little Rock, Arkansas.

## Other websites 
*
John Gavin

**John Gavin** (**Juan Vincent Apablasa**; April 8, 1931 &ndash; February 9, 2018) was an American actor. He was the Ambassador to Mexico from 1981 through 1986 under President Ronald Reagan. Gavin was in many movies. He was president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1971 through 1973. He was originally to play James Bond in two movies, but was rejected because he was not British.

Gavin was born on April 8, 1931 in Los Angeles, California to an Irish and Mexican family. He studied at St. John's Military Academy and at Stanford University. Gavin was married to Cecily Evans from 1957 until they divorced in the same year. They had seven children together. He married Constance Towers in 1974. He had two step-children.

Gavin died of pneumonia at his home in Los Angeles on February 9, 2018 at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* John Gavin - So Suave
Air (visual novel)

***Air*** is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Key released on September 8, 2000 playable on Windows PCs. Key later released versions of *Air* without the erotic content, and the game was ported to the Dreamcast, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Comic anthologies and art books were also published, as were audio dramas and several albums of music. Kyoto Animation produced a 13-episode anime television series and a two-episode anime mini-series in 2005, and Toei Animation produced an anime film in 2005.

The story follows the life of Yukito Kunisaki, a traveling showman searching for the "girl in the sky". He arrives in a quiet, seaside town where he meets three girls, one of whom is the key to the end of his journey.

## Other websites
*Key's official *Air* website 
**Air* anime official website 
**Air* anime at Funimation Entertainment
Dale Robertson

**Dayle Lymoine "Dale" Robertson** (July 14, 1923 &ndash; February 27, 2013) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Jim Hardie in *Tales of Wells Fargo*. He won the Golden Boot Award in 1985.

Robertson was born on July 24, 1923 in Hurrah, Oklahoma. He was raised in Claremore, Oklahoma. Robertson studied at Oklahoma Military Academy. He was married to Susan Robertson until his death in 2013. Robertson died on February 27, 2013 from pneumonia caused by lung cancer in his home in San Diego, California, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*Dale Robertson biographical sketch
Who is a Jew?

**Who is a Jew?** () is the basic question about the identity of Jews, or in other words: which people are considered to be Jewish. 

## Question of race? 
The definition of who is a Jew may depend on a few things. Because Judaism has no specific race, it can include characteristics of an ethnicity, religion, and citizenship, and so the definition of who is a Jew is not specific.

This question has been a subject to legal arguments, especially in Israel but also outside of it. There have been court cases in Israel since 1962 which had to address the question. In addition, the United Kingdom and other countries has had to consider whether the question was a racial issue or not.

## In Nazi Germany 
It was an important question to the Nazi party in Germany. The Nazis decided who a Jew was with the Nuremberg Laws.

## My mom is Jewish or I converted 
The question is based on the person's genealogy. Simple definition: a person is a Jew either by birth (in any case if one's mother is Jewish) or by religious conversion. 

## Other ideas 
However, some disagree. Therefore, the following need to be taken into account:

* Are the parents mixed (Jew and Gentile)?
* What is the conversion process?
* Has there been a loss of Jewish identity?
* What is the person's diaspora identity?
* Do they have an Israeli citizenship?

## Related pages
* Israelite

## References
## Other websites 
* Humanistic Judaism view on Who is a Jew
* Reform view of who is a Jew by the Union for Reform Judaism
* Who is a Jew by Jewish Virtual Library
* Orthodox and Non-Orthodox Judaism: How to Square the Circle by JCPA
* The "Who Is a Jew?" Controversy by the U.S. Library of Congress
Hebrew name

**Hebrew names** are names that have come from the Hebrew language. Traditionally they come from the Hebrew Bible.

They are mostly used by people living in Jewish or Christian parts of the world, but some are also adapted to the Islamic world, particularly if a Hebrew name is mentioned in the Qur'an.

When Hebrew-speaking Muslims give names, they do not necessarily use Jewish or Christian names. A typical Hebrew name can have many different forms – an important principle of the Jewish religion worldwide is to give a Hebrew name to a child that is used throughout his or her lifetime.

Not all Hebrew names are strictly Hebrew in origin: some may have been "taken" from other languages since ancient times. These include Egyptian, Aramaic, Phoenician, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Spanish, German, and English.

## Related pages
*Given name

## Other websites
*Rabbi Shraga Simmonsprint article, 163 Hebrew & Jewish Names for Boys (And Meanings), *aish.com*
Registered user

A **registered user** is a person who uses a program or a website and signs up to them by providing their identity information.

Registered users may be different depending on the platform they are using, and could have some advantage over guest users in many aspects - however, criticism on the matter has been a big deal.

## Related pages 
*Access control
University of New South Wales

The **University of New South Wales** (UNSW) is a university in Sydney, New South Wales. It is one of the most highly regarded schools in Australia. It was founded in 1949.

## Other websites
*UNSW
Crop (anatomy)

with a full crop after feeding.]]
 Zoo is fed on crop milk.]]

A **crop** (sometimes called a **croup** or **craw**) is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary canal used for storing food before digestion. It is found in many animals. It occurs in birds, some dinosaurs, and invertebrate animals such as gastropods (snails and slugs), earthworms, leeches, and insects.

## Birds 
In a bird's digestive system, the crop is an expanded, muscular pouch near the gullet or throat. It is a part of the digestive tract, essentially an enlarged part of the oesophagus. As with most other organisms that have a crop, the crop is used to temporarily store food. Not all birds have a crop. In adult doves and pigeons, the crop can produce crop milk to feed newly hatched birds.

Scavenging birds, such as vultures, gorge themselves when prey is abundant, causing their crop to bulge. They then sit, sleepy or half torpid, to digest their food.

Most raptors, including hawks, eagles and vultures (as stated above), have a crop; however, owls do not. 

## Bees 
Cropping is used by bees to temporarily store nectar of flowers. When bees "suck" nectar, it is stored in their crops. Pollen is stuffed into their knee bags.

## Difference to gizzard 
In a gizzard, the food is ground down before digestion, usually by stones. Gizzards have a tougher lining, and muscles. The gizzard is lower down the digestive tract, and more like a part of the stomach.

The crop is just a storage device. Often, it pays a bird to feed while the going is good, and do the digestion later. In many birds and in bees, the food is eventually brought back to the nest and given to family members. 

In other species, food brought back to the nest is pre-digested. That would mean it is regurgitated (brought up) from the stomach.

## Related pages
* Oesophagus
* Gizzard
* Gular pouch, in bird anatomy, a flap generally used to store fish and other prey while hunting
* Gular folds are found in many lizards, often as a secondary sexual characteristic.
*The word "gular" refers to the bird or reptile's crop.

## References
Independence Gate

The **Independence Gate** (, ) is a Korean political memorial gate, in Seoul, South Korea. The gate was designed by Seo Jae-pil.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Independence Gate
Show and tell

**Show and tell** is a common .  It is about showing an audience something and telling them about it.  

This group  is used to teach young children the skills of public speaking.  For example, children will bring an item from home and will explain to the class why they chose that certain item, where they got it, and other relevant information.

## History
The modern usage of this term began in the 1940s,

## References
Spaghetti squash

The **spaghetti squash** (*Cucurbita pepo*) is an oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash. The fruit can range either from ivory to yellow or orange in color. The orange varieties have a higher carotene content. Its center contains many large seeds. Its flesh is bright yellow or orange. When raw, the flesh is solid and similar to other raw squash; when cooked, the flesh falls away from the fruit in ribbons or strands like spaghetti.

## Nutrition 
It is a superfood that contains lots of nutrients, including folic acid, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C, It is low in calories, averaging at least 42 calories per 1-cup (155&nbsp;grams) serving.

## Sources