October 11

## Events 
### Up to 1900 
* 1138 &ndash; 1138 Aleppo earthquake: A massive earthquake destroys much of Aleppo, Syria.
* 1142 &ndash; A peace treaty between the Jin Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty is formally ratified when a Jin Dynasty envoy arrives at the Song court.
* 1531 &ndash; Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.
* 1634 &ndash; A flood disaster kills 15,000 people in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany.
* 1649 &ndash; After a 10–day siege, the English New Model Army under Oliver Cromwell storms the town of Wexford, Ireland – 2,000 Irish troops and 1,500 civilians are killed.
* 1727 &ndash; King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach are crowned king and queen.
* 1737 &ndash; Calcutta is struck by an earthquake, killing around 300,000 people.
* 1746 &ndash; War of Austrian Succession: The French defeat an army consisiting of Austrians, Dutch and British troops.        
* 1767 &ndash; Surveying for the Mason–Dixon line, separating Maryland and Pennsylvania, is completed.
* 1776 &ndash; American War of Independence: In the Battle of Valcou, British forces destroy most United States Navy ships.
* 1797 &ndash; French Revolutionary Wars: The Royal Navy captures eleven Dutch Navy ships without any losses in the Battle of Camperdown.
* 1809 &ndash; Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies in mysterious circumstances.
* 1833 &ndash; A big demonstration at the gates of the legislature of Buenos Aires forces the ousting of governor Juan Ramon Balcarce and his replacement with Juan Jose Viamonte.
* 1852 &ndash; The University of Sydney, Australia is inaugurated.
* 1864 &ndash; Campina Grande, Brazil becomes a city.
* 1890 &ndash; In Washington, DC, the group Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
* 1899 &ndash; The Second Boer War erupts between the United Kingdom and the Boers of Transvaal and the Orange Free State in present–day South Africa.

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1906 &ndash; The San Francisco school board orders Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools (different schools from White American students), sparking a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan.
* 1910 &ndash; Former President Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to fly in an airplane.
* 1912 &ndash; First Balkan War: The Greek army liberates the city of Kozani.
* 1918 &ndash; The San Fermin earthquake hits Puerto Rico.
* 1941 &ndash; Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia.
* 1942 &ndash; World War II: Battle of Cape Esperance – In northwest Guadalcanal, US troops intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
* 1949 &ndash; Wilhelm Pieck is elected the first, and only, President of East Germany.
* 1954 &ndash; Frist Indochina War: The Viet Minh takes control of North Vietnam.
* 1957 &ndash; M.I.T. scientists calculate Sputnik's booster rocket's orbit.
* 1958 &ndash; NASA launches the Pioneer 1 lunar probe, which falls back to Earth and burns up.
* 1963 &ndash; West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, aged 87, submits his resignation.
* 1968 &ndash; NASA launches the Apollo 7 mission; Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham on board.
* 1975 &ndash; Saturday Night Live is first broadcast.
* 1982 &ndash; The Tudor warship *Mary Rose*, which sank in 1545, is salvaged near Portsmouth, England.
* 1984 &ndash; On board the Space Shuttle *Challenger*, Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a spacewalk.
* 1984 &ndash; An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu–54 airplane crashes into maintenance vehicles in Omsk, Siberia, killing 178 people.
* 1986 &ndash; Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan meet for talks in Reykjavik, Iceland.
* 1987 &ndash; German politician Uwe Barschel is found dead in his hotel room in Geneva, Switzerland.
* 1996 &ndash; A wood lorry and a school bus collide in Jogeva County, Estonia, killing 8 children.
* 2000 &ndash; The 100th Space Shuttle mission launches, with the Space Shuttle Discovery.

### From 2001 
* 2002 &ndash; 7 people are killed in a bomb attack on a shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland.
* 2006 &ndash; A small aircraft piloted by baseball player Cory Lidle crashes into a residential building (a building where people live) in New York City, killing both Lidle and his flight instructor, with 21 people being injured.
* 2008 &ndash; Austrian far–right politician Jörg Haider is killed in a car crash.
* 2012 &ndash; The UN designates this the first International Day of the Girl Child.
* 2013 &ndash; The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons wins the Nobel Peace Prize, the second time in a row that an organization has won the prize outright.
* 2013 &ndash; At least 30 people die when a boat carrying them from North Africa gets into trouble off Lampedusa, in the Mediterranean Sea, just over a week after over 300 people are killed in a similar accident there.
* 2014 &ndash; Charles Michel becomes Prime Minister of Belgium, replacing Elio Di Rupo.
* 2019 &ndash; Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed wins the Nobel Peace Prize.

## Births 
### Up to 1900 
* 1335 &ndash; Taejo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1408)
* 1616 &ndash; Andreas Gryphius, German poet (d. 1664)
* 1661 &ndash; Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat (d. 1742)
* 1671 &ndash; King Frederick IV of Denmark (d. 1730)
* 1672 &ndash; Pylyp Orlyk, Ukrainian diplomat (d. 1742)
* 1675 &ndash; Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729)
* 1738 &ndash; Arthur Phillip, British admiral, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814)
* 1739 &ndash; Grigory Potemkin, Russian military leader and statesman (d. 1791)
* 1755 &ndash; Fausto Elhuyar, Spanish chemist (d. 1833)
* 1758 &ndash; Hermann Wilhelm Olbers, German physician and astronomer (d. 1840)
* 1788 &ndash; Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (d. 1867)
* 1806 &ndash; Alexander Karadordevic, Prince of Serbia (d. 1886)
* 1814 &ndash; Jean Baptiste Lamy, first Archbishop of Santa Fe (d. 1888)
* 1815 &ndash; Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte, Italian–born adventurer (d. 1881)
* 1821 &ndash; George Williams, English founder of the YMCA (d. 1905)
* 1844 &ndash; Henry Heinz, American food manufacturer (d. 1916)
* 1846 &ndash; Carlos Pellegrini, President of Argentina (d. 1906)
* 1863 &ndash; Louis Cyr, famous Canadian strongman (d. 1912)
* 1865 &ndash; Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian philologist and author (d. 1926)
* 1871 &ndash; Johan Oscar Smith, Norwegian religious leader (d. 1943)
* 1872 &ndash; Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946)
* 1872 &ndash; Emily Davison, British Women's Rights activist (d. 1913)
* 1876 &ndash; Paul Masson, French cyclist (d. 1944)
* 1879 &ndash; Ernst Mally, Austrian philosopher (d. 1944)
* 1881 &ndash; Hans Kelsen, Austrian legal theorist
* 1881 &ndash; Lewis Fry Richardson, British meteorologist (d. 1953)
* 1884 &ndash; Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)
* 1884 &ndash; Eleanor Roosevelt, American human rights activist, First Lady of the United States (d. 1962)
* 1884 &ndash; Sig Ruman, American actor (d. 1967)
* 1885 &ndash; François Mauriac, French writer (d. 1970)
* 1885 &ndash; Alfred Haar, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1933)
* 1887 &ndash; Willie Hoppe, American billiards champion (d. 1959)
* 1891 &ndash; Kim Seong-Su, Korean journalist and politician (d. 1955)
* 1895 &ndash; Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer (d. 1982)
* 1899 &ndash; Eddie Dyer, American baseball player (d. 1964)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
* 1902 &ndash; Jayaprakash Narayan, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1979)
* 1905 &ndash; Jean-Marie Villot, French cardinal (d. 1979)
* 1905 &ndash; Fred Trump, American businessman, father of Donald Trump (d. 1999)
* 1911 &ndash; Juan Carlos Zabala, Argentine long–distance runner (d. 1983)
* 1913 &ndash; Joe Simon, American comic book artist and writer (d. 2011)
* 1918 &ndash; Jerome Robbins, choreographer (d. 1998)
* 1919 &ndash; Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990)
* 1919 &ndash; Kader Firoud, Algerian footballer (d. 2005)
* 1919 &ndash; Jean Vander Pyl, voice of Wilma Flintstone in The Flintstones cartoon (d. 1999).
* 1920 &ndash; James Aloysius Hickey, American cardinal (d. 2004)
* 1920 &ndash; Edgar Negret, Colombian sculptor (d. 2012)
* 1924 &ndash; Mal Whitfield, American runner (d. 2015)
* 1925 &ndash; Elmore Leonard, American novelist (d. 2013)
* 1926 &ndash; Jean Alexander, English actress (d. 2016)
* 1926 &ndash; Thich Nhat Wanh, Vietnamese author, monk and poet
* 1926 &ndash; Neville Wran, former Premier of New South Wales (d. 2014)
* 1927 &ndash; Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium (d. 2005)
* 1927 &ndash; William Perry, former United States Secretary of Defense
* 1927 &ndash; Jim Prior, English politician (d. 2016)
* 1928 &ndash; Marquis Alfonso de Portago, Grand Prix driver (d. 1957)
* 1929 &ndash; Curtis Amy, American saxophonist (d. 2002)
* 1929 &ndash; Raymond Moriyama, Canadian architect
* 1929 &ndash; Liselotte Pulver, Swiss actress
* 1930 &ndash; Ronnie Simpson, Scottish footballer (d. 2004)
* 1932 &ndash; Dottie West, country music singer (d. 1991)
* 1936 &ndash; C. Gordon Fullerton, American astronaut (d. 2013)
* 1937 &ndash; Bobby Charlton, English footballer
* 1937 &ndash; Jaan Kundla, Estonian politician
* 1939 &ndash; Maria Bueno, Brazilian tennis player (d. 2018)
* 1940 &ndash; Pouri Banayi, Iranian actress
* 1942 &ndash; Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor, singer, producer, UNICEF Ambassador.
* 1942 &ndash; Richard Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, British academic and politician
* 1943 &ndash; John Nettles, British actor
* 1943 &ndash; Ilmar Reepalu, Swedish politician
* 1946 &ndash; Sawao Kato, Japanese gymnast
* 1946 &ndash; Oba Chandler, American convicted murderer (d. 2011)
* 1947 &ndash; Lucas Papademos, Greek economist and former Prime Minister of Greece
* 1947 &ndash; Al Atkins, English singer-songwriter (Judas Priest)
* 1948 &ndash; Cecilia, Spanish singer (d. 1976)
* 1948 &ndash; Peter Turkson, Ghanaian cardinal
* 1949 &ndash; Daryl Hall, musician
* 1950 &ndash; Robert Pugh, Welsh actor

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
* 1951 &ndash; Jean-Jacques Goldman, French pop singer, songwriter
* 1951 &ndash; Kim Ja-ok, South Korean actress (d. 2014)
* 1951 &ndash; Charles Shyer, American director, producer and writer
* 1953 &ndash; David Morse, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
* 1955 &ndash; Hans-Peter Briegel, German footballer
* 1956 &ndash; Nicanor Duarte Frutos, former President of Paraguay
* 1957 &ndash; Dawn French, British comedienne
* 1958 &ndash; Gregory Dudek, Canadian computer scientist and academic
* 1959 &ndash; Allan Little, Scottish BBC correspondent
* 1961 &ndash; Steve Young, American football player
* 1962 &ndash; Joan Cusack, American actress
* 1962 &ndash; Andy McCoy, Finnish–Swedish singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
* 1963 &ndash; Jordi Villacampa, Spanish basketball player
* 1963 &ndash; Prince Faisal bin Al-Hussein of Jordan
* 1963 &ndash; Ronny Rosenthal, Israeli footballer
* 1965 &ndash; Sean Patrick Flanery, American actor
* 1965 &ndash; Juan Ignacio Cirac, Spanish physicist
* 1966 &ndash; Luke Perry, American actor (d. 2019)
* 1966 &ndash; Todd Snider, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1967 &ndash; Daniel Razon, Filipino TV host, singer and minister
* 1968 &ndash; Claude Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1969 &ndash; Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands
* 1969 &ndash; Merieme Chadid, Moroccan astronomer
* 1972 &ndash; Cherokee Parks, American basketball player
* 1973 &ndash; Steven Pressley, Scottish footballer
* 1975 &ndash; Orlando Maturana, Colombian footballer

### From 1976 
* 1976 &ndash; Emily Deschanel, American actress
* 1976 &ndash; Dominic Aitchison, Scottish bass player and songwriter
* 1976 &ndash; Raivo Kotov, Estonian architect
* 1976 &ndash; Claudia Black, Australian actress
* 1977 &ndash; Ty Wigginton, American baseball player
* 1979 &ndash; Bae Doona, South Korean model and actress
* 1979 &ndash; Andy Douglas, American professional wrestler
* 1980 &ndash; Juan José Ribera, Chilean footballer
* 1981 &ndash; Beau Brady, Australian actor
* 1982 &ndash; Jermaine V. Mitchell, Rap musician
* 1983 &ndash; Bradley James, British actor
* 1983 &ndash; Ruslan Ponomariov, Ukrainian chess player
* 1985 &ndash; Michelle Trachtenberg, actress
* 1985 &ndash; Alvaro Fernandez, Uruguayan footballer
* 1985 &ndash; Margaret Berger, Norwegian singer
* 1987 &ndash; Mike Conley, Jr., American basketball player
* 1988 &ndash; Cinthia Fernandez, Argentine acrobat–dancer, actress and model
* 1988 &ndash; Omar Gonzalez, American soccer player
* 1988 &ndash; Seamus Coleman, Irish footballer
* 1989 &ndash; Michelle Wie, American golfer
* 1991 &ndash; Jack Garratt, English singer and songwriter
* 1992 &ndash; Cardi B, American rapper
* 1992 &ndash; Emilia Bottas, Finnish swimmer
* 1993 &ndash; Sean Murray, Irish footballer
* 2001 &ndash; Daniel Maldini, Italian footballer

## Deaths 
### Up to 1900 
* 1188 &ndash; Robert I, Count of Dreux (b. 1123)
* 1303 &ndash; Pope Boniface VIII
* 1347 &ndash; Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1282)
* 1424 &ndash; Jan Zizka, Czech general (b. 1360)
* 1531 &ndash; Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss Protestant leader (b. 1484)
* 1705 &ndash; Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663)
* 1708 &ndash; Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician, physicist and physician and philosopher (d. 1651)
* 1779 &ndash; Casimir Pulaski, Polish fighter for American independence (b. 1745)
* 1809 &ndash; Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (suicide) (b. 1774)
* 1811 &ndash; Johann Conrad Ammann, Swiss physician and naturalist (b. 1724)
* 1813 &ndash; Robert Kerr, Scottish physician, writer and zoologist (b. 1757)
* 1830 &ndash; José de La Mar, President of Peru (b. 1778)
* 1852 &ndash; Ferdinand Eisenstein, mathematician (b. 1823)
* 1889 &ndash; James Prescott Joule, English physicist (b. 1818)
* 1896 &ndash; Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (b. 1824)
* 1896 &ndash; Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1829)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
* 1915 &ndash; Jean-Henri Fabre, French writer, poet and naturalist (b. 1823)
* 1916 &ndash; King Otto of Bavaria (b. 1848)
* 1940 &ndash; Lluís Companys, Spanish President of Generalitat of Catalonia, (shot) (b. 1882)
* 1940 &ndash; Vito Volterra, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1860)
* 1961 &ndash; Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887)
* 1963 &ndash; Édith Piaf, French singer (b. 1915)
* 1963 &ndash; Jean Cocteau, French writer (b. 1889)
* 1965 &ndash; Dorothea Lange, American photographer (b. 1895)
* 1965 &ndash; Walther Stampfli, Swiss politician (b. 1884)
* 1971 &ndash; Tamanoumi Masahiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1944)
* 1976 &ndash; Alfredo Bracchi, Italian writer (b. 1897)
* 1977 &ndash; MacKinlay Kantor, American writer (b. 1904)
* 1987 &ndash; Uwe Barschel, German politician (b. 1944)
* 1989 &ndash; M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (b. 1904)
* 1991 &ndash; Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor (b. 1902)
* 1993 &ndash; Jess Thomas, American tenor (b. 1927)
* 1996 &ndash; Lars Ahlfors, Finnish mathematician (b. 1907)
* 1996 &ndash; Renato Russo, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1940)
* 1998 &ndash; Richard Denning, American actor (b. 1914)
* 2000 &ndash; Donald Dewar, main writer of the Scotland Act and initial First Minister of the Scottish Parliament (b. 1937)

### From 2001 
* 2003 &ndash; Edward Breathitt, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1924)
* 2004 &ndash; Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (b. 1919)
* 2005 &ndash; Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and Prime Minister–in–exile (b. 1915)
* 2006 &ndash; Cory Lidle, American baseball player (b. 1972)
* 2007 &ndash; Werner von Trapp, one of the von Trapp family singers (b. 1915)
* 2007 &ndash; Sri Chinmoy, Indian spiritual teacher (b. 1931)
* 2008 &ndash; Jörg Haider, Austrian far–right politician (car crash) (b. 1950)
* 2012 &ndash; Helmut Haller, German footballer (b. 1939)
* 2012 &ndash; Edgar Negret, Colombian sculptor (b. 1920)
* 2013 &ndash; María de Villota, Spanish racing driver (b. 1980)
* 2013 &ndash; Erich Priebke, German Nazi war criminal (b. 1913)
* 2014 &ndash; Carmelo Simeone, Argentine footballer (b. 1933)
* 2014 &ndash; Tanhum Cohen-Mintz, Israeli basketball player (b. 1939)
* 2015 &ndash; Steve Mackay, American saxophonist (b. 1949)
* 2016 &ndash; Patricia Barry, American actress (b. 1922)
* 2017 &ndash; James R. Ford, American politician (b. 1925)
* 2017 &ndash; Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (b. 1926)
* 2018 &ndash; Doug Ellis, English businessman (b. 1924)
* 2018 &ndash; Labinot Harbuzi, Swedish footballer (b. 1986)
* 2018 &ndash; Dieter Kemper, German cyclist (b. 1937)
* 2018 &ndash; Pran Nevile, Indian art historian (b. 1922)
* 2018 &ndash; Yoshito Sengoku, Japanese politician (b. 1946)
* 2018 &ndash; Hege Skjeie, Norwegian political scientist and columnist (b. 1955)
* 2018 &ndash; Greg Stafford, American game designer (b. 1948)
* 2018 &ndash; Hebe Uhart, Argentine novelist and columnist (b. 1936)
* 2019 &ndash; Sam Bobrick, American television writer (b. 1932)
* 2019 &ndash; Robert Forster, American actor (b. 1941)
* 2019 &ndash; John Giorno, American poet and performance artist (b. 1936)
* 2019 &ndash; Kadri Gopalnath, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1949)
* 2019 &ndash; Alexei Leonov, Soviet–Russian cosmonaut (b. 1934)
* 2020 &ndash; Hugo Arana, Argentine actor and comedian (b. 1943)
* 2020 &ndash; Harold Betters, American jazz trombonist (b. 1928)
* 2020 &ndash; Gary F. Jones, American racehorse trainer (b. 1944)
* 2020 &ndash; Terry McBrayer, American politician (b. 1937)
* 2020 &ndash; Ilya Moiseev, Russian chemist (b. 1929)
* 2020 &ndash; Joe Morgan, American baseball player (b. 1943)
* 2020 &ndash; John A. Ruthven, American wildlife artist (b. 1924)

## Observances
* International Day of the Girl Child
* National Coming Out Day in some countries
* Revolution Day (Republic of Macedonia)
* Old Michaelmas (Christianity)