open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Matt Meyer

**Matthew S. Meyer** (born September 29, 1971) is an American politician and attorney who has been the 76th and current Governor of Delaware since 2025. He was the 11th New Castle County executive from 2017 to 2025. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Meyer has been seen as a progressive. He supports universal pre-K, universal free school meals, the cancellation of medical debt, police accountability, and a state constitutional amendment supporting the right to abortion.

## References
## Other websites
*Campaign website
St. Matthews, South Carolina

**St. Matthews** is a town in Calhoun County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,841 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Calhoun County.

## References
Frank Grillo

**Frank Anthony Grillo** (born June 8, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for playing Brock Rumlow / Crossbones in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Sergeant Leo Barnes in *The Purge* franchise, and Rick Flag Sr. in the DC Universe (DCU). 

## References
## Other websites
*
Indira Varma

**Indira Anne Varma** (born 27 September 1973) is a British actress. She is known for playing Niobe in the BBC and HBO series *Rome* (2005–07), Suzie Costello in the BBC series *Torchwood* (2006), Zoe Luther in the BBC series *Luther* (2010), Ilsa Pucci in *Human Target* (2010–11), and Ellaria Sand in the HBO series *Game of Thrones* (2014–2017). 

## References
## Other websites
*
Zoë Chao

**Zoë Carroll Chao** (born September 19, 1985) is an American actress and screenwriter. She is known for her roles as Isobel in *Strangers*, Zoë in *The Afterparty* and Nina Mazursky in *Creature Commandos*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Poland–Ukraine border

**Poland-Ukraine border** is the line that borders the countries of Poland and Ukraine, which was already the border between the People's Republic of Poland and Soviet Ukraine.

## History 
The border between Poland and Ukraine was first formed, briefly, after the Polish-Ukrainian war of 1919. The 1920 Treaty of Warsaw divided the disputed territories in favor of Poland along the Zbruch River. The following year, however, Ukraine lost its independence following its annexation to the Soviet Union, and its remaining territories were divided between Poland and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Peace of Riga.

The dissolution of the Soviet Union into several states transformed the border between this federation and Poland into the Poland-Russia, Poland-Lithuania, Poland-Belarus and Poland-Ukraine border chain. Poland and Ukraine confirmed their border on May 18, 1992. It is the longest eastern border in Poland. The border became much more open compared to Soviet times, when despite both countries being part of the Eastern Bloc, crossing was very difficult.  As the border opened to mass trafficking, the number of people crossing the Polish-Ukrainian border began to increase steadily since 1990, stabilizing around the 2000s. Approximately 3 million Ukrainians crossed the border annually in the 1990s. One of highest numbers was recorded in 2001, with nearly 12 million people crossing the border.

## Related pages 
* External borders of the European Union and the Schengen area

## References
Rik Van Looy

**Henri** "**Rik**" **Van Looy** (20 December 1933 – 17 December 2024) was a Belgian professional cyclist. He won a gold medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Van Looy died on 17 December 2024 in Herentals, Belgium, two days before his 91st birthday.

## References
## Other websites
Piano Sonata No. 4 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 4**, in E major, Op. 7, also called the ***Grand Sonata***, was written in November 1796 for his student Babette, the Countess Keglević. The sonata was made during Beethoven's visit to the Keglevich Palace. 

Along with the *Hammerklavier Sonata*, it is one of the longest piano sonatas that Beethoven wrote. It is about 28 minutes long.

## Movements 
The sonata has four movements:

## References
Naudh Singh

**Naudh Singh** (died 1752) was a Sikh leader and founder of the Sukerchakia Misl.

## Biography
Budha Singh had two sons, Naudh Singh and Chanda Singh. Naudh Singh increased his power through a strategic marriage and built Sukarchakia Garhi at Sukarchak, which marked the rise of his family’s influence.

In 1748 at the formation of the Dal Khalsa Naudh Singh became the head of the Sukerchakia Misl. Naudh Singh along with Chanda Singh defeated Sultan Khan Chattha, the ruler of Rasul Nagar who had forcibly converted six Sikhs to Islam and reconverted them to their faith.After that he killed Shahab-ud-Din, the ruler of Firozwala, along with his family because he had attacked some Sikh villages and cut the beards and hair of many Sikhs there.

Naudh Singh lost his life during a raid on a Bhatti village. 1752.

## References
Piano Sonata No. 1 (Beethoven)

The **Piano Sonata No. 1 in F minor, Op. 2 No. 1** is a work for piano written by Ludwig van Beethoven. The sonata was written in 1795 and made public in 1796. The sonata was made for Joseph Hayden. 

## Parts 
The sonata has four parts: 
# Allegro (F minor)
# Adagio (F major)
# Menuetto – Allegretto (F minor – Trio in F major)
# Prestissimo (F minor)

## References 
## Other links
*
Hungarian Workers' Party

The '''Hungarian Workers' Party'* (Hungarian: *Magyar Munkáspárt*) formerly *'Hungarian Communist Workers' Party'* (Hungarian: *Magyar Kommunista Munkáspárt'') is a communist, marxist, leninist political party in Hungary, which is one of the successors of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party.

## History 
The party was formed on December 17, 1989, as a follow-up to the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP) by a small group of former MSZMP members who disagreed with its change to the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP). One of them was Károly Grósz, the last general secretary of the old MSZMP, who became the acting chairman of the new party.

In the 1990 elections, it got about 3% of the national vote, the biggest share for a party that did not win a seat.

In 1993, the party took on the name '''Workers' Party'* (*Munkáspárt''). In the 1994 elections, the party received a similar amount of votes, again becoming the largest party with no seats. Even though its share of the vote increased to about 4% in the 1998 elections, the party still had no seats. In the 2002 elections, the party's vote dropped to about 2%, and for the first time since 1990, it was not the largest party without representation in parliament.

On November 12 2005, it became the '''Hungarian Communist Workers' Party'* (*Magyar Kommunista Munkáspárt'') after a split created the Workers' Party of Hungary 2006.

In the 2006 elections, the party got less than 0.5% of the national vote. In the 2010 elections, its vote share dropped to just 0.1%. 

On May 11 2013, the party changed its name again to the '''Hungarian Workers' Party'* (*Magyar Munkáspárt'') because of a law passed the year before that banned public use of names linked to "authoritarian regimes of the 20th century." 
]]

In the 2014 parliamentary election, the party received 0.56% of the votes, making it the largest party without seats in parliament.

In the 2010s, the Hungarian Workers’ Party lost even more supporters. Many left-wing voters moved to other political groups like the Democratic Coalition. Despite this, the party continued to participate in elections but failed to win parliamentary seats.

Today (2024), the Hungarian Workers’ Party still exists but remains a minor political force. The party tries to attract new supporters through social media and criticizes neoliberal policies. However, their ideology does not appeal to most young people, making their future uncertain.

## Other websites 
* Official website
* Official Instagram page
* Official X page
* 1046.hu

## Notes
Piano Sonata No. 2 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 2** in A major, Op. 2, No. 2, was written in 1795 for Joseph Haydn. It was made public with his first and third sonatas in 1796.

The sonata is around 22 minutes long. 

## Movements
The sonata has four movements: 

## References 
## Other links
*
Taronga Western Plains Zoo

**Taronga Western Plains Zoo** is a zoo in Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia. It is accessible by 573 bus.
## History
It opened on 28 February 1977. 
Queen Elizabeth II visited the zoo in 1992.

## References
Inge Boulonois

**Inge Boulonois**, during her marriage **Inge Breebaart**, (23 September 1945 – 3 December 2024) was a Dutch painter and poet.

## Biography
Boulonois was born in Alkmaar on 23 September 1945. She studied art at the  from 1975 to 1980. Later she studied psychology at the University of Nijmegen and graduated in 1988.

Boulonois started working as an artist. She started working as a poet in 2000. She published her first collection *Ooglijke tijd* in 2004. She was the city poet of Heerhugowaard from 2011 to 2015. She died in Heerhugowaard on 3 December 2024, at the age of 79 years old.

## References
Deepak Suman

**Deepak Suman** (Bengali: দীপক সুমন), full name **Deepak Kumar Goswami** (Bengali: দীপক কুমার গোস্বামী), is a Bangladeshi media prsonality, stage and film actor, dubbing artist and director. He is the head of Bangladeshi theater Teerondaz Repertoire. He is mostly known for giving bengali dubbiing voice of Suleiman II in Muhtesem Yuzyil. He acted in many films including Talaash, Lal Moroger Jhuti etc. His notable stage works are Ebong Bidyashagor, Konthonalite Shurjo etc. He is also owner of dubbing studio Platform communications. His notable bengali dubbing directions are Muhtesem Yuzyil for Deepto TV and Muhammad: The Final Legacy for SATV. He was a supporter of 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement and praised for his documentary about Hindu persecution fact-check in post-movement period called "Deepak Kumar Goswami Speaking: Being Hindu in Bangladesh is Not a Black and White Story ". It was premiered at House of Commons of the United Kingdom and SOAS University of London in 21 and 16 May 2025.
## References
## Other websites
* Deepak Suman at BMDB
Online marketplace

An **online marketplace** is a website where different sellers offer products or services for customers to buy. These websites are a type of e-commerce where many sellers use the same platform to sell their items.

Some online marketplaces used by many people are Upwork and Fiverr.

In an online marketplace, the website handles payments, and the sellers deliver the products. People can register to sell anything from one item to many items, usually by paying a small fee.

Online marketplaces often have more products and better availability than single-store websites. Some marketplaces sell all kinds of items, while others focus on specific types of products or customers. Online marketplaces became popular around 2014.

## References
Kuhnashahir incident

The **Kuhnashahir incident** refers to the events that took place on 3 March 1918, when the Assyrian patriarch Mar Shimun XIX Benyamin along with his 150 bodyguards were assassinated by the Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak in the town of Kuhnashahir, Salmas, under a truce flag.

## Background 
Following the  Urmiah clashes in February 1918 The governor of Tabriz, Mukht-i Shams, approached Simko. During which Simko invited Mar Shimun, the religious leader of the Assyrians, for talks on a proposed Alliegance.

## Incident 
At the meeting, Mar Shimun kissed Simko "as a mark of affection," while Simko, "ever the courteous host, accompanied his guest to the carriage," kissed Mar Shimun's hand, and then turned back into the house. According to one account, just as the Assyrian leader was about to step into the carriage, Simko shot him in the back. The shot acted as a signal to Simko's men, who were positioned on nearby rooftops, to open fire on Mar Shimun’s entourage, killing most of them. Mar Shimun, wounded by the initial shot, was then shot again and killed by Simko’s younger brother, Ali Agha.

## References
Hyundai Venue

The **Hyundai Venue** is a subcompact crossover SUV made by Hyundai. It was first launched in 2019 and is positioned below the Hyundai Kona and above the Hyundai Exter in Hyundai's global lineup. The Venue shares its platform with the fifth-generation Hyundai Accent.

## History 
The Venue was introduced in May 2019 in India, followed by its launch in other markets such as North America, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. It was developed in two versions: one for the Korean market (codenamed QX or QX1) and another for the Indian market (codenamed QXi), with slight differences in length and wheelbase. than the Korean version.

The Venue was not marketed in Europe due to the introduction of the Hyundai Bayon in 2021.

## Markets 
The Hyundai Venue is currently sold in India North America Australia and South Africa New Zealand, Vietnam, and GCC countries.

## References
Hyundai Santa Cruz

The **Hyundai Santa Cruz** is a four-door compact Pickup truck manufactured and marketed by Hyundai. Released in 2021 for the 2022 model year, it is the first four-door pickup truck offered by Hyundai in the North American market. The Santa Cruz is built on the platform of the Hyundai Tucson crossover SUV and features a unibody chassis design.
## History 
The concept version of the Santa Cruz was first introduced at the 2015 North American International Auto Show. while The production model debuted in April 2021 and was marketed as a "Sport Adventure Vehicle." The Santa Cruz shares its platform, project code, and dashboard design with the fourth-generation Hyundai Tucson, with the production model being assembled in Montgomery, Alabama.

In 2024, Hyundai revealed a facelifted version of the Santa Cruz.
## Markets 
The Hyundai Santa Cruz is sold only in the United States and Canada.
## References
Allobates kingsburyi

'''Kingbury's rocket frog'* (*Allobates kingsburyi'') is a species of frog that lives in Ecuador.

## Description
The adult male frog is 16.3–20.3 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 18.8–22.2 mm long. 

The skin of the frog's back is brown with a cream-colored line down each side of the body. The sides of the body are black and the eardrum is brown. There is a cream-yellow line on each side of the body from the eye to the mouth. 

The tops of the front legs are brown with small lines. The tops of the back legs are also brown, but have darker marks. On the belly, the male frog has dark marks, but the female does not. The iris of the eye is black with some gold.

Frogs that are not adults yet have wider stripes than adults do.

## Name
G.A. Boulenger named this frog after an assistant who was killed in Palestine in 1918.

## Home
This frog lives on the dead leaves on the ground in forests that have never been cut down and in forests that were destroyed and are growing back. Scientists saw the frog from  meters above sea level.

Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks: Parque Nacional Sangay, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Parque Nacional Llanganates, and Parque Nacional Cayambe Coca.

## Young
Scientists think the female frog lays her eggs on the ground and that the males carry the tadpoles to streams after the eggs hatch.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out. They think the frogs might even all be dead now. 

The frog's natural environment has shrunk because people destroy its habitat to make farms, to make places for animals to eat grass, and to get wood to build with.

## References
Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, Iowa

The **Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Area**, as defined under the United States Census Bureau, is an area with three counties in East Central Iowa. The largest city is Cedar Rapids which is also the seat of Linn County. The 2020 Census had the population at more than 276,520 in the Metro overall.

The Cedar Rapids Metro Area is part of a combined statistical area with the Iowa City metropolitan area. The Iowa City and Cedar Rapids Metro area is usually marketed as "The Corridor" (that refers to the Interstate 380 Corridor).

## The area counties
*Benton
*Jones
*Linn

## The communities
### Places with more than 100,000 people living there
*Cedar Rapids (Principal city)

### Places with 30,000 to 50,000 people
*Marion

### Places with 5,000 to 30,000 people living there
*Hiawatha
*Anamosa

### Places with 1,000 to 5,000 people
*Atkins
*Belle Plaine
*Cascade (partial)
*Center Point
*Central City
*Ely
*Fairfax
*Lisbon
*Monticello
*Mount Vernon
*Palo
*Robins
*Springville
*Urbana
*Vinton
*Walford

### Places with 500 to 1,000 people
*Alburnett
*Blairstown
*Coggon
*Keystone
*Newhall
*Olin
*Shellsburg
*Van Horne
*Walker
*Wyoming
*Swisher

## References
Rwandan genocide denial

of those killed at Murambi Technical School]] of the Rwandan genocide]]

**Rwandan genocide denial** refers to someone thinking that the Rwandan genocide did not happen or was not as bad as it was. Around the world, figures from across the political spectrum have engaged in Rwandan genocide denial. The murderers were Hutu nationalists.

Edward S. Herman published several books arguing that the Rwandan genocide should not be called a genocide.  He also questioned the confirmed death toll of the Cambodian genocide and Bosnian genocide, which drew criticism. He was ordered to pay €8,400, while his publisher had to pay €5,000, because French laws ban the denial of any genocide recognized by the French government.

## Related pages
* Holocaust denial
* Holodomor denial
* Bosnian genocide denial
* Armenian genocide denial
* Cambodian genocide denial

## References
Iowa City metropolitan area

The **Iowa City Metropolitan Region Area**, as defined under the United States Census Bureau, is a metro region in East Central Iowa with two main counties. They're Johnson and Washington counties. The former has Iowa City being the county seat and most people living there. According to reports, as of December 31, 2023, the Metro Area had more than 180,000 people living there. 

## Communities
***Places with more than 50,000 inhabitants**
**Iowa City (Principal city)

***Places with 5,000 to 50,000 inhabitants**
**Coralville
**North Liberty, at 20%, fastest growing city in Johnson County (2010-2017)
**Washington, Iowa

***Places with 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants**
**Kalona
**Lone Tree
**Riverside
**Solon
**Tiffin
**Wellman
**West Branch (partial)
**University Heights
***Places with 500 to 1,000 inhabitants**
**Ainsworth
**Brighton
**Hills
**Oxford
**Shueyville
**Swisher

***Places with less than 500 inhabitants**
**Coppock (partial)
**Crawfordsville
**West Chester

## References
Shoe polish

visible at the top of the photo]]
**Shoe polish**, also known as **boot polish** and **shoeshine**, is a waxy paste, cream, or liquid that is used to polish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots. This is done to extend the footwear's lifespan and restore its appearance. Shoe polishes are distinguished by their textures, which range from liquids to hard waxes. Solvent, waxes, and colorants comprise most shoe polishes.Shoe polishes have been around since the Middle Ages. Originally made with dubbin, they were only used to soften leather and weather proof shoes, they did not shine shoes.  Shoe shining became popular in early 20th century. This  that arose during the early 1900s led to many shoe polish formulas being incorporated with a shining agent.

## References
Osage City, Kansas

**Osage City** is a city in Osage County, Kansas. The 2020 United States Census had the population at or near 2,861.

Osage City was incorporated in early April 1872.

## References
Topeka metropolitan area, Kansas

The **Topeka Metropolitan Area**, as defined under the United States Census Bureau, is a region of five counties in Northeastern Kansas. 2024 reports represent Topeka, the largest city within the metro area, had almost 125,160 people living there. The 2020 Census reported just under 126,500 people living in the Topeka area.

## The counties
*Jackson
*Jefferson
*Osage
*Shawnee
*Wabaunsee

## The communities
### Places with more than 100,000 inhabitants
*Topeka (Principal city)

### Places with 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants
*Auburn
*Carbondale
*Holton
*Lyndon
*Osage City
*Oskaloosa
*Overbrook
*Rossville
*Silver Lake
*Valley Falls

### Places with 500 to 1,000 inhabitants
*Alma
*Burlingame
*Eskridge
*Hoyt
*Maple Hill
*McLouth
*Meriden
*Nortonville
*Ozawkie
*Perry
*Scranton
*Winchester

### Places with less than 500 inhabitants
*Alta Vista
*Circleville
*Delia
*Denison
*Harveyville
*Mayetta
*McFarland
*Melvern
*Olivet
*Paxico
*Quenemo
*Soldier
*Whiting
*Willard

## References
List of numeral systems

is example for each one.]]
There are multiple numeral systems, that is in positional notation for showing numbers.

Here are all numeral systems from 1 to 13:
## Numeral systems from 1 to 5
## Numeral systems from 6 to 10 
## Numeral systems from 11 to 13
Shankar Mahadevan

**Shankar Mahadevan** is an Indian singer and composer. He is famous for singing in many Indian languages and creating music for movies. He is part of the music trio called Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, which also includes Ehsaan Noorani and Loy Mendonsa. Together, they make music for Bollywood films and other projects.

## Early Life 
Shankar Mahadevan was born on March 3, 1967, in Chembur, Mumbai, India. He grew up in a Tamil family. From a young age, Shankar loved music. He learned classical music and played the veena, a traditional Indian instrument. He also studied Western classical music and jazz.

Shankar went to school in Mumbai and later studied software engineering. He worked as a software engineer before deciding to follow his passion for music.

## Career 
Shankar became popular in 1998 with his song "Breathless." The song was unique because it sounded like it was sung in one breath. It became very famous and made him a star.

In 1999, Shankar teamed up with Ehsaan Noorani and Loy Mendonsa to form the music trio Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy. They composed music for many Bollywood movies like:

* Kandukondain Kandukondain (2000)
* Dil Chahta Hai (2001)
* Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003)
* Taare Zameen Par (2007)
* Rock On!! (2008)
* Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011)

Their music is known for mixing Indian and Western styles.

Shankar is also a playback singer. This means he sings songs that actors lip-sync to in movies. He has sung many hit songs in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and other languages.

## Awards 
Shankar Mahadevan has won many awards for his music, including:

* National Film Awards
* Filmfare Awards
* IIFA Awards

He is loved by fans for his powerful voice and creative music.

## Other Work 
Shankar Mahadevan also started the Shankar Mahadevan Academy. It is an online music school where people can learn Indian music from anywhere in the world. He teaches both beginners and advanced students.

## Personal Life 
Shankar is married and has two sons. His son Siddharth Mahadevan is also a singer and composer.

## Legacy 
Shankar Mahadevan is one of India’s most talented and respected musicians. He continues to inspire people with his songs and dedication to music.
Shreya Ghoshal

**Shreya Ghoshal** is an Indian playback singer. She is famous for singing songs in many Indian languages like Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Bengali. She is one of the most popular and successful singers in India.

## Early Life 
Shreya Ghoshal was born on March 12, 1984, in Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. Her family later moved to Rawatbhata, Rajasthan. Shreya started learning music when she was four years old. Her mother taught her to sing, and she later learned Indian classical music.

When Shreya was sixteen, she won the TV singing competition Sa Re Ga Ma. This gave her the chance to become a playback singer in Bollywood.

## Career 
Shreya Ghoshal's first big break came in 2002 when she sang in the movie Devdas. Her songs "Dola Re Dola" and "Bairi Piya" became very popular. She won many awards for her performance, including the National Film Award.

Since then, Shreya has sung thousands of songs for movies and albums. Some of her famous songs are:

* "Dola Re Dola" from Devdas
* "Barso Re" from Guru
* "Deewangi Deewangi", "Main Agar Kahoon", and "Dhoom Thana" from Om Shanti Om
* "Teri Ore" from Singh Is Kinng
* "Deewani Mastani" from Bajirao Mastani
* "Samjhawan" from Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania
* "Tum Kya Mile" and "Ve Kamleya" from Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani
* "Ghar More Pardesiya" from Kalank
* "Sunn Raha Hai Tu" from Aashiqui 2
* "Param Sundari" from Mimi

She is known for her sweet and melodious voice. Shreya has worked with many top music directors and composers.

## Awards 
Shreya Ghoshal has won many awards, including:

* National Film Awards
* Filmfare Awards
* IIFA Awards

She has also been honored by several states in India and international organizations for her contribution to music.

## Other Work 
Shreya has performed in concerts all over the world. She is also a judge on TV singing shows like **Indian Idol** and **Voice of India**. She has her wax statue in the Madame Tussauds Museum in Delhi.

## Personal Life 
Shreya Ghoshal is married to Shiladitya Mukhopadhyaya. They got married in 2015. In 2021, they had a son named Devyaan.

## Legacy 
Shreya Ghoshal is one of India’s most loved singers. Her voice and talent have inspired many young singers. She continues to sing and make beautiful music for her fans.
2024 San Fernando Airport runway excursion

On 18 December 2024, a Bombardier Challenger 300 aircraft, registration LV-GOK from Punta del Este, Uruguay, suffered an excursion and went off the runway while trying to land at the San Fernando International Airport in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, colliding with the front of a home in a neighborhood bordering the airport.

## Background
On 18 December 2024, a Bombardier Challenger 300 jet, registered as LV-GOK and originating from Punta del Este, Uruguay, overran the runway while attempting to land at San Fernando International Airport in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The aircraft subsequently collided with the front of a residential property located in a neighborhood adjacent to the airport.

As a result of the accident, both pilots died, their identities being known as Martín Fernández Loza, 44 years old, and Agustín Orforte, 35, the only crew members who were on board. It was also learned that the aircraft was owned by the family of Jorge Pablo Brito, president of Banco Macro and president of the River Plate Club.

At the moment of impact, a fire broke out that was put out by firefighters from the Federal Police based in San Fernando, who upon arriving at the scene along with members of the Airport Security Police (PSA), verified the presence of two charred bodies. inside what remained of the ship's fuselage. It was also learned that both pilots had plenty of experience. 

## References
Punta del Este

**Punta del Este** is a seaside city and peninsula on the Atlantic Coast in the Maldonado Department of southeastern Uruguay. Starting as a small town, Punta del Este grew to become a resort for the Latin and North American jet set and tourists.

The city has been called "The Monaco of the South", "The Pearl of the Atlantic", "The Hamptons of South America", "The Miami Beach of South America", or "The St. Tropez of South America".

In addition to international film festivals, top-notch gastronomy and hospitality, the region has protected nature reserves such as Isla de Lobos, La Isla Gorriti, La Barra, or the Lussich Arboretum. 

The most popular attractions in the area are the giant sculpture **La Mano** (*The Hand*), the Santorini-style complex: Casapueblo, the Garzón Bridge designed by Rafael Viñoly, and the Museum of the Sea. Punta del Este has a permanent population of 12,400 inhabitants, but reaches up to 450,000 residents and visitors in the high season. It is one of the centers of the Maldonado suburb, with a population of 135,400 people.

## Geography
### Location
The city is located on the intersection of Route 10 with Route 39, southeast of the department capital **Maldonado** and about  east of Montevideo.

### Climate
Punta del Este has an oceanic climate (*Cfb*, according to the Köppen climate classification), with pleasant summers and cool winters. Because of the average temperature of the hottest month near 22&nbsp;°C (71.6&nbsp;°F), the climate is close to a humid subtropical climate (*Cfa*). It is similar to southeastern Australia. The precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with an average of . The hottest month, February, has an average temperature of , and the coldest month, July, has an average of . The average yearly temperature is .

## References
## Other websites 
*Official site of Punta del Este municipality
Yangwang

**Yangwang Auto** is a Chinese brand of luxury electric cars. It is owned by BYD Auto and sold by Shenzhen Yangwang Auto Sales Co., Ltd. The brand was introduced in January 2023. Yangwang cars are priced over CN¥1 million (about US$140,000) in China and compete with luxury European brands. As of 2024, Yangwang is positioned above other BYD brands, Denza and Fangchengbao.

## History
The Brand was introduced by BYD in 2023 as a Luxury brand and Yangwang cars are mainly sold in China Yangwang is also the first brand to use BYD's unique "e4" (易四方) platform, which features individual wheel drive (IWD) technology. This platform allows each wheel to be driven independently, The Yangwang logo represents the Chinese character for "lightning" or "electricity" in an ancient writing style.

## Models
* Yangwang U7 — battery electric luxury sedan (upcoming in 2024 or 2025)
* Yangwang U8 — range extended electric off-road capable SUV (2023–present)
* Yangwang U9 — battery electric supercar (2024–present)

File:2024 Yangwang U7 (China) front view.png|Yangwang U7
File:Yangwang U8 GIMS 2024 1X7A2343.jpg|Yangwang U8
File:2024 Yangwang U9 front view 01.png|Yangwang U9

## References
Punta del Este International Airport

**Capitán de Corbeta Carlos A. Curbelo International Airport** () , also known by its former official name of **Laguna del Sauce International Airport**, and as **Punta del Este International Airport** is an airport located on Laguna del Sauce, Maldonado department, Uruguay, about 20 km northwest of the Punta del Este peninsula. The main runway is 2,133 m long and 45 m wide, and is capable of receiving medium-sized aircraft, such as Boeing 737 and Airbus A320.

## History 
In 1946, the Navy began to study the possibility of establishing an air-naval base on Laguna del Sauce. The nation's military dominance was strongly tied to its ability to effectively develop and operate giant seaplanes. 

The technical reports determined that a base located on Laguna del Sauce would ensure Uruguay's control of the coast that extended from Montevideo to Arroyo Chuy. Naval Air Base No. 2 was named Lieutenant Commander Carlos Curbelo, head of the Navy Aeronautical Service, who had died in operation in 1942. 

The Uruguayan State did not have the necessary financial resources to ensure the maintenance of the Airport, nor to renovate the facilities that had been used since the 1950s. In 1991, the acting government called for an international public tender to award the operation and maintenance, under a public works concession regime, of the air terminal. 

The public works concession contract was signed on December 9, 1991. Consorcio Aeropuertos Internacionales S.A. It began operating the Punta del Este air terminal on December 24, 1993. From that moment on, it took charge of the provision of all services.

## Airlines and destinations
## References
Freedom Caucus

The **Freedom Caucus**, also known as the **House Freedom Caucus**, is a congressional caucus. It includes Republican members of the United States House of Representatives.

## History 
The caucus started during the mid–January 2015 Republican congressional retreat in Hershey, Pennsylvania. Founding member Mick Mulvaney said, "that was the first time we got together and decided we were a group, and not just a bunch of pissed-off guys". Nine conservative Republican members of the House began planning a new congressional caucus separate from the Republican Study Committee and the House Republican Conference. The first board of directors for the new caucus were Republican representatives Scott Garrett of New Jersey, Jim Jordan of Ohio, John Fleming of Louisiana, Matt Salmon of Arizona, Justin Amash of Michigan, Raúl Labrador of Idaho, Mulvaney of South Carolina, Ron DeSantis of Florida and Mark Meadows of North Carolina.

## Other websites 
*https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/01/23/freedom-caucus-likely-to-play-a-bigger-role-in-new-gop-led-house-so-who-are-they/
*https://www.legistorm.com/organization/summary/128166/House_Freedom_Caucus.html
Federalist Era

The **Federalist Era** in American history ran from 1788 to 1800, during which the **Federalist Party** was dominant in American politics. Federalists controlled Congress and enjoyed the support of Presidents George Washington and John Adams. The **Federalist Party** was a conservative political party that supported the federal system of government, where power was shared between the national and state governments.
Naim's Bundelkhand Expedition

After capturing Etawah in 1773 Shuja ud Daula planned an expedition of Bundelkhand supported by the Rana of Gohad who was given the title of "Son" by Nawab he sent Naim Khan and Fazal Ali Khan to Bundelkhand. The Invaders met the Maratha Forces at Kapli.

The strong force of 30000 under Naim Khan clashed with 2700 Marathas under Gangadhar Pant Bundele and Balaji Pant Bundele the sons of late Govind Pant Bundele inspite of outnumbered the Marathas defeated the enemy and made them flee accross Yamuna.

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## Battle
After Shuja conquered Etawah, his wazir invited Rana Madeo Singh from Gohad to join his service. Together, they planned a campaign to capture Kalpi and nearby areas, which were still controlled by the Marathas. At the time, the Marathas in the north were isolated due to internal conflicts in Pune and had little support.

Once preparations were finished, Naim Khan, a commander under Sabit Khan, was chosen to lead the campaign. He was given the title Naim-ud-Daulah Sabit Jung and sent with Rene Madec at the head of an army of 30,000 soldiers, including cavalry and infantry. News of their large force spread, causing panic among Gangadhar and Balaji, the sons of Govind Pant Bundele, who were defending Kalpi. They abandoned the fort and retreated further into the countryside.

When the invading army arrived, the Marathas decided to fight near Kalpi. Despite being heavily outnumbered – with only 2,700 soldiers against 30,000 the Marathas managed to defeat Naim Khan’s forces and forced them to retreat across the Jamuna River.
## Aftermath
Despite help from the Rana of Gohad, Naim retreated in great confusion, which angered the wazir. The wazir was so upset that he briefly considered executing Naim by blowing him from a cannon and personally leading an attack on Bundelkhand to punish Govind Pant's sons for their boldness. However, this plan was abandoned because it was urgent to focus on defeating Rohillakhand. Naim was forgiven, and Basant, along with his troops, was sent across the Jamuna River to take control of Ater and stop the Bundelas from causing trouble in the wazir's territory after their recent victory. Basant successfully completed the mission and returned to the wazir before the Rohillakhand campaign ended.
## References
Claude AI

**Claude AI** is a type of chatbot developed by Anthropic. It is designed to engage in natural language interactions and assist with various tasks including answering questions, writing, analysis, and coding.

"Anthropic [company] agrees to pay $1.5 billion to settle" a lawsuit by writers, according to media (September 2025).

## Technology 
Claude AI uses large language models (LLMs) based on the transformer architecture. These are big computer programs that learn from a lot of text to understand and create human-like language.

As of March 2024, the available models were:

* Claude 3 Opus: Anthropic's most capable model, designed for complex tasks requiring deep analysis and expertise
* Claude 3 Sonnet: A balanced model optimized for both performance and efficiency
* Claude 3 Haiku: A faster model designed for shorter, straightforward interactions

Anthropic designed Claude AI with a focus on safety and ethics, using a method called **Constitutional AI**. This ensures the chatbot aligns with principles that prioritize helpfulness, harmlessness, and honesty.

## Features and capabilities 
Claude AI offers several key functionalities:
* Text processing: Can engage in conversations, writing, and analysis
* Image understanding: Ability to perceive and analyze images
* Constitutional AI: Incorporates ethical principles and safety measures in its design
* File analysis: Can process and analyze various document formats including PDFs and text documents
* Multilingual capabilities: Supports interaction in multiple languages, including less common ones

## Technical characteristics 
Claude AI has several notable technical features:
* Large context window: Capable of processing up to 200,000 tokens (approximately 150,000–200,000 words) at once
* No real-time Internet access: Relies on its training data rather than live web access
* Regular updates: Receives periodic updates to its capabilities and knowledge base

## Access and subscription plans 
Claude AI is accessible through:
* Web interface: Available at claude.ai
* API: For developers to integrate Claude into applications
* Third-party integrations: Available through various platform partnerships

Subscription options include:
* Free Access: Allows users limited prompts each day
* Claude Pro: Paid subscription, provides access to more prompts, early access to new features, and enhanced capabilities like file uploads for analysis
* Claude API (for developers): Pay-per-use pricing, scales based on usage

## References 
## Other websites 
* ZDNet: 4 Things Claude AI Can Do That ChatGPT Can't
* Notta: Claude AI vs ChatGPT
* ClickUp: Claude vs ChatGPT
Threads of Life

***Threads of Life*** is the fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Shadows Fall. The album was released on April 3, 2007.

## Track listing
# "Redemption" – 4:17
# "Burning the Lives" – 4:04
# "Storm Winds" – 4:50
# "Failure of the Devout" – 5:25
# "Venomous" – 3:31
# "Another Hero Lost" – 4:04
# "Final Call" – 6:48
# "Dread Uprising" – 4:14
# "The Great Collapse" – 1:38
# "Just Another Nightmare" – 4:55
# "Forevermore" – 5:21

## References
Pim Wiersinga

**Pim Wiersinga** (24 March 1954 – 3 December 2024) was a Dutch writer.

## Biography
Wiersinga was born in 1954. He started with writing already during his studies. He debuted while studying in 1992 with the book *Honingvogels*. He was offered to use the book as an exam paper for his studies, but he refused to do that according to the director of his school because he preferred to stay in school to continue learning. His book was advertised in national newspapers and he started giving readings. The book was nominated in February 1993 for the AKO Literatuurprijs. In 1995 he published the book *Gracchanten*, a 616-page book set in classical antiquity about the Gracchi brothers. He told about the book in the Radio 5 programm *Ophef en Vertier*. His last published novels are *Het paviljoen van de vergeten concubines* from 2014, *Eleonora en de liefde* from 2016 and *Zena’s Arena* from 2022. He was working on a novel in verse *Nausikaä en de grote goden*, that was scheduled to be published in 2025.

## References
Jacqueline Siu

**Jacqueline Wing Ying Siu**  (born 8 December 1982) is an dressage rider from Hong Kong. She is the first equestrian to win a gold medal in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta.

## Early life and career 
Jacqueline was born in Hong Kong. She started riding horses when she was five years old. When Siu was ten, she moved to England with her family. She kept on riding horses and raced for Great Britain at the European Youth Championships. In the Netherlands, Siu started training with Anky van Grunsven.

Siu was at the Doha 2006, Guangzhou 2010, Incheon 2014, 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia, and the Hangzhou 2022. In 2018, she also was in the World Equestrian Games in Tryon.

## Related pages 
* Caroline Chew
* Yui Hasegawa
* Mana Iwabuchi

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Breaking the Habit (song)

**Breaking the Habit (song)** is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. It is the ninth track from their second studio album, Meteora.
## Sources 
*Official Charts Company
Nazi Lowriders

The **Nazi Lowriders**, **NLR** or **the Ride**, are a neo-Nazi, white supremacist organized crime syndicate, prison gang and street gang in Southern California, United States.

## Other websites 
*Anti-Defamation League
Syndicate

A **syndicate** is a self organization group of people or companies. These people or companies co-operate because they have a common goal. Examples are:

* In 1906, the Confédération Générale du Travail adopted the Charter of Amiens. Confédération Générale du Travail is often shortened to CGT. it is one of five confederations of trade unions in France, and still exists today. 
* Companies working together to get better prices, or condition is called a cartel. Banks working together that way usually do this in a consortium. 
* Criminals working together often also do this in a syndicate.
Hawpa

**Hawpa**, also known as the **Kurdish National Socialist Organization** (**PSNK**), is a Kurdish anti-government underground movement and Neo-Nazi organization based in the Kurdistan Region. The party was established on the first day of Nowruz in 2020.

## Etymology 
The name "Hawpa" in Sorani Kurdish translates to "accomplice".

## Ideology
Hawpa claims its ideology belongs to the Third Position and strives for the establishment of a corporatist state under Kurdish unity. Hawpa's ideology has its origins in the Hîwa Party (1939 – 1946) and the Kajik Party (1959 – 1975), which were founded on the basis of fascist and Nazi ideas.

The ideology for the organization is inspired by Ramzi Nafi Agha, an Iraqi Kurd who led Operation Mammoth against the British military during World War II. Additionally, the group has listed their year of founding as 1943, the year that Nafi held the Operation. The group primarily reaches an audience through the use of propaganda on social media. In particular, Hawpa has previously posted offensive material against Assyrians, including denial of Assyrian continuity and mislabeling them as Nestorians, as well as calling for the disbandment of Assyrian political parties and preventing cultural celebrations.

## History
Hawpa was first established on Nowruz in 2020 in the Kurdistan Region. The group was also present at Nowruz celebrations in Istanbul in 2023, the group had no legal recognition before this.

The group is also in communication with "Kurden Nasyonalist", another far-right Kurdish organization.

In June 2025, two Assyrian organizations in Europe made a statement criticizing the Kurdish Regional Government for recognizing Hawpa.

Its leader, Sarhoz Rabaty, regularly publishes posts on the social media platform X, through which he disseminates his party’s ideas to the wider public.

## Related pages
* Fascism
* Antisemitism
* Islam and fascism

## References
Rajputana Rifles

The **Rajputana Rifles** are the oldest rifle regiment of the Indian Army.
## Other websites 
* On Global Security
Prison gang

A **prison gang** is an organized group that forms within prisons. These gangs have power structures, unique symbols, and strict rules for behavior. These gangs initially formed for self-defense in California prisons during the 1950s and 1960s.Powerful prison gangs can “tax” drug dealers on the street because drug dealers [expect to go to prison], have high [re-offending] rates, and recognize prison gangs’ power. Because prison gangs can tax drug dealers on the street, they have incentives to provide governance to the drug market. Three important types of governance [that prison gangs give drug dealers] are protection of property rights, enforcement of agreements, and adjudication of disputes.According to a 2022 article by David Pyrooz, about 15% of prisoners in the United States belong to a prison gang. Pyrooz wrote that research says people join and quit prison gangs while incarcerated.

At just one London prison called HMP Isis, there are around 600 inmates and 136 active gangs in the prison, according to a recent Independent Monitoring Board report.

As of 2025, El Salvador has imprisoned thousands of suspected gang members in a mega-prison called the Center for Terrorism Confinement (CECOT). CECOT is the largest prison in the Americas: it can hold 40,000 prisoners. Inmates are not allowed visitation, recreation, or education programs.

## References 
## List of prison gangs 
*Nazi Lowriders
*The Aryan Brotherhood
Good Night (movie)

***Good Night*** is a Brazilian film by actor-director Paulo Leão. It was set in 2023. It is entirely in black & white and without dialogue. This is Leão's first attempt at the horror genre.

## Synopsis 
During the night, strange sounds surround the home. The homeowner must deal with the situation. They will also face the possible results.

## Launch and career 
Released in 2023, in a reduced version at the Festival Internacional do Minuto.

In 2024, the extended version of the film **Good Night** was selected for the official selection of the *Black & White Film Festival* in Toronto, Canada. It won the Award for *Best Horror Film*.

Also in 2024, still in Canada, **Good Night** was awarded *The Best of South American Films* at the Toronto SCI-FI/Fantasy Festival.

## Production and Cast 
The production of **Good Night** follows the independent film style widely used by director Paulo Leão, where he combines the roles of actor, director, and screenwriter.

Official Selections:

* International One Minute Festival 2023 - Brazil
* Black & White Film Festival 2024 - Canada
* Toronto Fantasy/SCI-Fi Film & Screenplay Festival 2024 - Canada
* Lift-Off Sessions 2024 - United Kingdom
* Shortverse 2024 - Short Film Platform - streaming 
* Hollywood North International Film Festival 2025 - Canada
* Lift-Off Filmmakers Sessions 2025 - UK
* B-More Horror Fest 2025 - USA
* Midnight Monster Club Short Film Festival - USA

## Awards and nominations 
## References
## Other websites 
*
Illinois's 17th congressional district

The **17th congressional district of Illinois** is represented by Democrat Eric Sorensen.  It includes most of the northwestern portion of the state. Most of its population living on the Illinois side of the Quad Cities, as well as parts of Peoria and Rockford. 

## References