open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Apostle

**Apostle** and **The Apostles** can mean:

## Religion
* The Twelve Apostles, the 12 followers of Jesus given "the Great Commission".
* The Seventy Apostles, the 70 sent forth in Luke 10. They are referred to as **Apostles** by the Orthodox Church and as **Disciples** in the Western tradition. 
* Jesus is referred to as an apostle in Hebrews 3:1
* Apostle (Latter Day Saints), a position within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

## Entertainment
* *The Apostle*, a 1997 movie directed by and starring Robert Duvall
* *El Apóstol*, the world's oldest animated feature movie, 1917, Argentina
* The Apostles (band), a punk rock group from the 1980s
* *The Apostles* (Elgar), a 1903 choral work by Edward Elgar
* Apostle (production company), a television production company founded in 1994 by Jim Serpico and Denis Leary
* 12 Apostles (record label), a record label
* **The Apostles* (*Greatest Heroes and Legends of the Bible*)*, an installment of the Christian direct-to-video animated movie series, *Greatest Heroes and Legends of the Bible*

## Other
* Cambridge Apostles, a secret society at the University of Cambridge
* Apostle Plant, the genus *Neomarica* of plants believed to only flower after growing 12 leaves
* Twelve Apostles (Irish counter-intelligence organisation), an Irish Republican Army unit created by Michael Collins
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

**Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.**, (also known as **Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures**, commonly shortened to **MGM**), is an American media company specializing in film and television production and distribution. Founded on April 17, 1924, and based in Beverly Hills, California, it is owned by the Amazon MGM Studios subsidiary of Amazon.

## Early history
The company is named after three companies which were combined in 1924 to start the MGM movie company. They were Metro Pictures, Samuel Goldwyn Productions, and Louis B. Mayer Productions.

From the 1920s through World War II, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was the largest movie studio in Hollywood. They made more money than any other studio. At its busiest, MGM made about one movie a week and also made many short movies and cartoons. By the mid-1930s MGM had 4,000 employees. It had 23 Sound stages on their 117-acre lot. In 1939 MGM's assets were worth $144 million USD. In the 1940s the studio had problems. Movie theatre  was declining and television was starting to draw people away from the movies. In 1948, the Supreme Court decision United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. put an end to movie studios owning their own theatres. Lowes continued to be the parent company of MGM. But in 1954 Lowes Theatres was formed to control most of the movie theatres. In the late 1960s and 1970s, MGM sold off most of their back lot. They sold MGM's British studios and MGM Records.

## MGM-Pathé Communications 
In 1990, Giancarlo Parretti, the owner of The Cannon Group, bought MGM/UA for $1.2 billion. He then merged Cannon with MGM and named it MGM-Pathé Communications. In 1991 there were a number of lawsuits and he defaulted to Crédit Lyonnais, his financial backer. Parretti also faced securities fraud charges in the United States and Europe. The company name was changed back to Metro-Goldwin-Mayer Inc. US bankruptcy laws forced Crédit Lyonnais to sell MGM. It was acquired again by Kerkorian for $1.3 billion.

## Notable movies 
*The Wizard of Oz* is one of the most famous movies made by MGM. It was made in 1939. The star of the movie was Judy Garland. MGM has also made other famous movies like *2001: A Space Odyssey*, the James Bond movies and the *Rocky* movies.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Hafizullah Amin

**Hafizullah Amin** (, August 1, 1929 – December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan. He was president during the time of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.  The Soviets got information from their KGB spies that Amin's rule was a threat to the stability of Afghanistan. They also were not certain about Amin’s loyalty to the Soviet Union. The Soviets found some information about Amin trying to become closer to Pakistan and China. The Soviets also believed that Amin was behind the death of president Nur Muhammad Taraki. Finally, the Soviets decided to remove Amin.

## References
Paraíba

**Paraíba** is one of the states of Brazil. It is in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is the easternmost point of the Americas. João Pessoa is the capital city.

## Major Cities 
* João Pessoa, state capital
* Campina Grande
* Areia
* Guarabira
* Patos
* Sousa
* Arara
*Sao de Carnao

## History 
In the mid-1500s, Portuguese settlers from Pernambuco founded Filipéia de Nossa Senhora das Neves (today João Pessoa) at the mouth of the Paraíba do Norte River.

The area was found to be perfect for making sugar. The French, the Dutch and the Portuguese all fought to have the Paraíba region to grow sugarcane in. The fortress of Santa Catarina, near João Pessoa, was built to protect the city from the Dutch.

In late 1989 a team looking for gemstone and led by Heitor Dimas Barbosa found what some people believe are the best tourmaline crystals ever found. Copper in the crystals gives the tourmalines a bright turquoise color that had never been seen before in the gems. The mountains have been searched after this, but no more crystals have been found.

## Flag 
The word *nego* is Portuguese for "I deny". It refers to protests in the 1920s in Paraíba against Júlio Prestes becoming the President of Brazil. State president João Pessoa supported these protests. João Pessoa joined the alliance to the overthrow of the federal government. This group caused Getúlio Vargas to become president. The rebellion lead to João Pessoa being killed.

The official government site of the state of Paraíba says that the red is for the blood of the assassination of João Pessoa. The black is for the mourning after the assassination.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Swimming pool

A **swimming pool** is a  or large basin that is filled with water and intended for recreational or competitive swimming or diving. Pools are also used for other bathing activities, such as playing, wading, water exercise, floating on inner tubes, or cooling off on hot days. 

Various methods are used to keep algae, germs, and other bad things out of the pool.  The chemical chlorine kills germs and algae.  Sometimes sea water is also used for this.  The filtration system is also used for this.  Pump and Filter are two main components of a swimming pool filtration system.

## Types of pools
Some pools are indoor so they can be used when weather is bad.  Most are outdoor.  There are different types of swimming pools.  

*The competition pool. Swimming competitions can be held there. Competition pools are usually very large, and usually either 25 or 50 m long and their deep end is 2 to 5 m deep. They have usually 4 to 8 lanes. 

*A play pool is made for children, and quite shallow, typically no deeper than five feet (1.5m).  Play pools can have a decorative shape. 

*A freeform pool is built generally to imitate a natural lagoon pool or small oasis.  It will have a natural uneven shape, and will often have features around it like rocks and waterfalls to compliment the naturalistic style.

*A geometric pool has even lines and features. Usually built in a rectangular shape, this pool is considered the “traditional swimming pool” style.

*Lap pools are built so that people can swim laps for health and fitness.  They tend to be long and narrow, usually over fifty feet (15m) long.

*Diving pools are built deep; most are 3 to 6 m deep with a diving board or a platform, or a jump tower.  The Olympic diving tower has platforms at 1 m, 3 m, 5 m and 10 m height.

*Infinity swimming pools (also referred to as infinity edge swimming pools, or negative edge pools) give the illusion that the edge of the pool extends to the horizon. This gives an optical illusion that the pool “has no edge”, and looks as if the pool goes on to infinity.

*The spool: The word "spool" is a combination of the two words spa and pool. The spool is a smaller pool, more commonly seen as a large spa. Spools are often around 12 to 14 feet squared. 

*The perimeter overflow pool: This pool is created by having the pool surface’s water level at the same level as the surround of the pool. The water of the pool drains into a notched perimeter around the pool.
Mato Grosso do Sul

**Mato Grosso do Sul** is one of the states of Brazil. It shares borders with the states of Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná. It also borders the countries of Paraguay and Bolivia to the west. Campo Grande is the capital of the state

Mato Grosso do Sul means "Southern Thick Forest." The name comes from its northern neighbour state of Mato Grosso. Mato Grosso do Sul was a part of Mato Grosso until they were split in the 1970s. Many people wrongly refer to Mato Grosso do Sul as simply "Mato Grosso." This has caused the government to consider changing its name to "Pantanal," the world's largest wetlands which is in the state.

## Economy 
Mato Grosso do Sul's economy is based mainly on farm products. Cattle-raising is the most important product of the state. Other products include sugarcane, wheat, soybeans, manioc, rice and cotton.

## Geography 
The state is in western Brazil, in an area of the country that is mostly marshes of the Pantanal.

Mato Grosso do Sul is divided into 11 regions. It has 78 municipalities. Larger cities include:
* Campo Grande, the capital of the state.
* Corumbá
* Aquidauana
* Três Lagoas
* Naviraí
* Nova Andradina
* Paranaíba
* Dourados
* Ponta Porã
* Bonito

The highest elevation is the 1,065&nbsp;m high Morro Grande.

## History 
In 1977 the state was created by dividing the state of Mato Grosso. It officially became a state two years later on January 1, 1979.

## Flag 
Mato Grosso do Sul's flag was made by Mauro Michael Munhoz. White is for hope, green is for the state's plantlife, blue is for the sky and the yellow star adds balance, force and serenity.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
FIFA 07

***FIFA 07*** is a Sony PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, Xbox, GameCube, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable and Microsoft Windows game that features world beat music and fun football action. The object is to score more  that the opponent. The game can be played in either English or Spanish, these modes have different announcers. There is an exhibition mode, a manager mode, a practice mode, and a tournament mode.

## Songs in the game 
* Muse (band) - "Supermassive Black Hole"
* Keane - "Nothing in My Way"
* The Feeling - "Sewn"
Danny Elfman

**Daniel Robert "Danny" Elfman** (born May 29, 1953) is an American film composer, singer and songwriter. He is Jewish (of British Jewish, Polish Jewish and Russian Jewish descent). He wrote music for many movies and television series. In 2002, he married actress Bridget Fonda. They have one child, Oliver Elfman (born September 19, 2003). 

## Some of his music
Elfmans has written music for dozens of movie and video games. Some of his famous works include:

### Filmography
**The Simpsons*
**Sesame Street* 
**The Muppet Show*
**Space Jam: A New Legacy*
**Men in Black* 
**Batman Returns*
**Good Will Hunting*
**Dick Tracy*
**Beetlejuice*
**Sommersby*
**Batman*
**Corpse Bride*
**Charlie and the Chocolate Factory* 
**The Nightmare Before Christmas*
**Edward Scissorhands*
*''Pee-Wee's Big Adventure*
**Sleepy Hollow*
**Big Fish*
**Frankenweenie*
**Justice League*
**The Grinch*
**Beetlejuice Beetlejuice*

## Awards
Elfman has been nominated for many awards in the music and movie business.
*Academy Awards - 4 nominations
*Emmy Awards - 3 nominations
****Winner**: Main Title Theme Music - *Desperate Housewives*
*Golden Globes - 3 nominations
*Grammy Awards - 12 nominations
****Winner**: Best Instrumental Composition: *The Simpsons theme* from *The Simpsons''

## References
## Other websites 
*
*An overview of Elfman's career
Ralph Waldo Emerson

**Ralph Waldo Emerson** (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American author, poet, and philosopher.

## Early life 
Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1803. His father was a Unitarian minister. He chose not to follow the beliefs of the Unitarians and instead, created his own world view, Transcendentalism. He first wrote about this view in an essay called *Nature* in 1836. Emerson's father died when he was only eight years old. He studied at school in Boston and went to Harvard University, one of the most well-rated universities in the country. 

## How he became an author 
Many men were heads of a town church in Emerson’s family history. His father wanted him to be one, too. In 1817, at the age of 14, he began his education at Harvard College. He finished in 1821 and started to teach in a local school. In 1825, he continued studies at Harvard Divinity School to be a minister. By 1829, he was the head of a church in Boston. Then some events happened that made him change the direction of his life.

In 1831, his wife died. Soon after that, Emerson left America to go on a journey through Europe. He returned after almost a year, then married again in 1833. Up to this time, Americans still looked to England and other European countries for ideas on fashion and ways of thinking. Emerson’s writings gave impulse to Americans to be free of European ideas on what is right or good. Along with individualism, Emerson is best known for starting the Transcendentalist movement. This philosophy made important the ideas of self-discovery and the connections between nature, all persons as a group, and the highest being.

## End of life 
In his later life, Emerson was a close friend of many other important authors and thinkers, including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Stuart Mill, and Thomas Carlyle. He traveled the world, including France, England, Italy and the Middle East. Emerson was active in writing and speaking into the 1870s. However, he started to forget things. He would only read from detailed notes or scripts. By 1879, his memory was so bad that he stopped making public appearances and speeches. He still socialized at private events, but never with the amount of talking that he once did. Walt Whitman described him at a party in 1881 to be a careful listener but he didn't join in any conversations. Within six months, in early 1882, Emerson died of pneumonia in Concord, Massachusetts.

## Notable works 
* *Nature*
* Essays, Volumes I & II
*The Mountain and The Squirrel
* Representative Men
* English Traits
* Conduct of Life

## References
Bushranger

A **bushranger** was a  thief who lived in the Australian bush. Bushrangers often stole expensive things from banks or coaches. There were more than 2000 bushrangers during Australia's past. Most were simply criminals and thieves. A few bushrangers became famous and were seen as heroes. They are part of a long history that has men such as Robin Hood and Dick Turpin in England, or Jesse James and Billy the Kid in the US.

## History
The word "bushranger" was first used in Australia in 1805. It described three men who had stopped a cart near Sydney. Then, the word was used for criminals who attacked people on the roads or in the bush (the Australian countryside away from towns). The first bushrangers were escaped convicts.  One of the last bushrangers was Ned Kelly who was captured in 1880.

### 1788 to 1840s: Criminals who escaped
Criminals who escaped  things from farms far away and people walking on the roads. Sometimes they sold the stolen things to other free settlers. John "Black" Caesar was the first bushranger. Leading a gang of escaped criminals, Donahue became an important person in Australian folklore as the Wild Colonial Boy.

### 1850s: gold rush era
The bushrangers were busiest during the Gold Rush years of the 1850s and 1860s. Gold can be easily carried and also it can easily be turned into cash. The goldfields were in remote places and there were not very many police to guard the gold.
**Robbery Under Arms*,  a novel by Thomas Alexander Browne was published in serial form in the *Sydney Mail* from 1882 to 1883 It is an early description of the life and acts of fictional bushrangers. It has been the basis of several movies and a television series.
*Ned Kelly was the subject of the world's first feature-length movie, *The Story of the Kelly Gang*, released in 1906 In the 1970 release *Ned Kelly*, Kelly was played by Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones. Kelly has been the subject of many more movies, television series, written fiction and music.

## Famous bushrangers
Some bushrangers became famous as a result of their activities.  They include:
*Joe Byrne
*Martin Cash
*John Dunn
*Ben Hall
*Frank Gardiner
*John Gilbert
*Steve Hart
*Dan Kelly
*Ned Kelly
*Moondyne Joe whose real name was Joseph Bolitho Johns
*John O'Meally
*Harry Power
*Captain Moonlight whose real name was Andrew George Scott
*Captain Thunderbolt whose real name was Frederick Ward
*Michael Howe
*Charles Russell known as the "Black Douglas."

## References
Fremantle

**Fremantle** is a port city in Western Australia.  It is the main city on the ocean and is near Perth.  The city has a population of 26,000 people.  It is at the place where the Swan River runs into the Indian Ocean.

It was established by English people who arrived there in 1829 and established the Swan River Colony.  The city is named after Charles Fremantle who was the captain of the first ship to arrive there.
53 BC

Year **53 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Calvinus** (or sometimes '*year 701 *Ab urbe condita'''''). This year has been called 53 BC since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the most common way of naming years in Europe.

## Events 
* Marcus Licinus Crassus (115–53 BC) died trying to conquer the Parthians.

## Deaths
*Marcus Licinius Crassus, Roman general and politician (b. c. 115 BC)
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

***Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows*** is the seventh and last book in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. The book was released worldwide on 21 July 2007. It became the fastest-selling book ever, with 8.3 million copies sold in the United States during the first 24 hours.

This book is about Harry Potter, the main character of the book series, going on a journey to destroy horcruxes made by the villain of the series, Voldemort.

The movie was to be released in 2010, but on 8 March 2008, it was announced that the movie will be split into two parts; part one was released on 19 November 2010 and part two was released on 15 July 2011.

In Harry potter and the Deathly hallows, Harry and Hermione visit Lily and James Potter's graves. Ron has left Harry and Hermione for a while and then returns ultimately saving Harry's life. At the end Voldemort is finally dead once and for all. Nineteen years later Harry marries Ginny Weasley and Hermione marries Ron Weasley. They all live happily, knowing nothing can harm them now.

## Other websites 
* J.K. Rowling's Official Website
* *Deathly Hallows* rumors refuted by J K Rowling (text version)
The bush

**The bush** is a phrase used to describe land where people do not live, land a long way from cities, or forests. The word is mainly used in Australia, New Zealand, Africa, Canada, and Alaska. 
## Australia 
In Australia, the phrase, *the bush*, has a special symbolic meaning in Australian life. When used to describe the land, *the bush* means a wooded area, but not dense forest. It is usually dry and nitrogen-poor soil, mostly grassless, with thin to thick woody shrubs and bushes, with some eucalypt trees.

When talking about people, *the bush* means any unpopulated areas outside of the major metropolitan areas. This can include mining and farming areas. It is not unusual to have a mining town in the desert, such as Port Hedland, Western Australia (Pop. 14,000) called *the bush* in the media.

The word bush is also added to any number of other words, things or activities to describe their rural, country or folk nature, e.g. "Bush Cricket", "Bush Music", etc.

 Victoria, showing typical Australian bushland on the hills and cleared pastures]]

## References
He

**He** (, unstressed ) is a third-person singular pronoun used to talk about a male. "He" can be used in place of a male's name. When the name of a man has been the subject, then "he" can be used instead of that name. While "he" is the subject form, the word "him" is the object or possessive form (*see table below*). The word "he" is used for a man (or boy) where the word "she" would be used for a woman.

In the past, "he" and "him" were often used as gender-neutral pronouns. In other words, the word may have been used in a general way to refer to any person who is either male or female.

## References
Scheinfeld

**Scheinfeld** is a town in Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 14&nbsp;km northwest of Neustadt (Aisch), and 40&nbsp;km east of Würzburg. Schloss Schwarzenberg is next to the town. The town is home to an Adidas testing factory.

## References
## Other websites
* Official town website
* Website with information on the Lithuanian refugees

## Gallery

Image:schloss_schwarzenberg_franken_1.JPG|Schloss Schwarzenberg near Scheinfeld
Image:ScheinfeldStadttor.JPG|Town gate
Image:ScheinfeldNordost.JPG|Northern view
Volkach

**Volkach** is a town in Kitzingen in the *Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken* (Lower Franconia) in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Main and has a population of around 8,700.

## Gallery 

File:Remnants of western town wall..jpg|Western town wall remains
File:Remnants of western-southern town walls..jpg|South-western town wall remains
File:Volkach, Germany - panoramio (15).jpg|Volkach town hall
File:Volkach Town Centre.jpg|Volkach town centre

## Other websites 
* Volkach website

## References
Dirk Nowitzki

**Dirk Werner Nowitzki** (born June 19, 1978 in Würzburg, Germany; pronounced *durk VER-ner nah-VIT-skee*) is a former German basketball player. He played for the Dallas Mavericks in the United States' National Basketball Association's (NBA).

Nowitzki started playing in the NBA in 1998. He is only the second player who was born in Germany to play in the  Finals. 

He is a 12-time NBA All Star. Nowitkzi won the 2006-07 NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award. The Mavericks, led by Nowitzki, defeated the Miami Heat 4-2 in the 2011 NBA Finals. In addition to performing very well in general in the Finals, his 101-degree fever in Game 4 didn't stop him from scoring the winning basket to tie the series 2-2. This amazing feat is a lot like when Michael Jordan played well despite the flu in the 1997 Finals against the Utah Jazz.
Dirk's jersey number is 41.

## Other websites
*
*The Dirk Nowitzki Foundation
*Dirk Nowitzki at fiba.com
Boiling

**Boiling** is a process where a liquid changes into a gas or vapor when it gets hot enough. This happens at a special temperature called the boiling point. Unlike evaporation, which only happens at the surface of the liquid, boiling happens throughout the whole liquid. This happens because bubbles of vapor form inside the liquid and rise up to the surface. When the bubbles reach the surface, the gas escapes into the air or the space around it. The temperature at which a liquid boils can change depending on the pressure around it. For example, at normal air pressure (like at sea level), each liquid has its own boiling point. But if you go higher up in the mountains where the air pressure is lower, the boiling point gets lower too.

Boiling is something we see every day and is very important in many jobs and industries. For example, we use boiling when we cook food, clean things by killing germs, separate liquids in distillation, and make chemicals. Boiling starts when the pressure of the vapor inside the liquid becomes the same or higher than the pressure around the liquid. This lets bubbles form inside the liquid. These bubbles get bigger and rise to the surface, which makes the liquid bubble and boil. When a liquid boils, it uses a special kind of heat called the latent heat of vaporization. This heat helps change the liquid into gas, but it does not make the temperature go up while boiling is happening.

Scientists study boiling using different areas of science like thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. These fields help explain how heat and liquids behave when boiling happens. One important idea is called the Clausius-Clapeyron relation. It is a math formula that shows how the boiling point of a liquid changes when the pressure around it changes. This helps us understand when a liquid will turn into gas. Boiling starts with tiny bubbles forming inside the liquid. The way these bubbles form is explained by something called nucleation theory. Sometimes bubbles form inside the liquid itself (this is called homogeneous nucleation), and other times they form on surfaces or tiny particles in the liquid (this is called heterogeneous nucleation).

The environment around a liquid can change how it boils. For example, at high places like mountains, the air pressure is lower. This means liquids boil at lower temperatures, so cooking might take longer or be different than at sea level. On the other hand, if you increase the pressure, like inside a pressure cooker, the boiling point goes up. This lets food cook faster because the liquid gets hotter before it boils. Scientists and factories sometimes boil liquids in places with very low pressure, called a vacuum. This helps the liquid turn into gas at lower temperatures, which is useful when they want to protect delicate materials that could be damaged by heat.

## Uses for boiling 
* Food can be cooked by boiling.
* Germs in a liquid (for example, water) can be killed by boiling the liquid.
* Germs on an object can be killed by putting the object in boiling liquid.

## Related pages
* Evaporation

## References
Ochsenfurt

**Ochsenfurt**  () is a town in Würzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. Ochsenfurt is on the left edge of the River Main. This makes it the largest town in the Würzburg district.

### Town twinning
Ochsenfurt is twinned with:

## Gallery 

File:Ochsenfurt, katholische Pfarrkirche Sankt Andreas DmD-6-79-170-107 foto4 2016-08-07 10.44.jpg|Church: *Pfarrkirche Sankt Andreas*
File:Ochsenfurt, straatzicht die Hauptstrasse-Zwinger met das Oberes Tor DmD-6-79-170-93 foto8 2016-08-07 10.33.jpg|Town gate: *Oberes Tor*
File:Ochsenfurt, das Klingentor DmD-6-79-170-51 foto7 2016-08-07 10.51.jpg|Town gate: *Klingentor*
File:Gossmanndorf, straatzicht Zielweg-Zehnhofstrasse foto3 2016-08-07 11.29.jpg|Gossmanndorf, street view: Zielweg-Zehnhofstrasse

## Bibliography
* *Die Kunstdenkmäler von Unterfranken*, Bd. 1: *Bezirksamt Ochsenfurt*. 2nd edition 1983. 
*

## References
## Other websites
* Official town website (German)
* Website of the Diocese of Würzburg: the Carthusian Museum
Haflinger

**Haflinger** is an all-round breed of horse. It is a mountain horse but today people use it for spare time. A Haflinger counts as a pony breed of horse. The first cloned horse, Prometea is of this breed. A Haflinger has a gallant dry head with big eyes, wide-dilating nostrils, and small, attentive ears. People who raise this breed want them to have a good muscled body and a smart neck.

## References
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites
* Tyrolean Haflinger Breeding Association
* American Haflinger Registry
* Haflinger Society of Great Britain
* Canadian Haflinger Association 
* Australian Haflinger Horse Breeders Association
* Haflinger Horse Association New Zealand 
* Collaboration of Haflinger Breeders and Holders of Germany (AGH)
Würzburger Kickers

**Kickers Wurzburg** is one of the most traditional football clubs in Franconia. It was founded in 1907.

Famous Footballers of FC Wurzburger Kickers:
* Bernd Hollerbach, Trainer VfB Lübeck
* Claus Reitmaier, formerly goal keeper of the VfL Wolfsburg
* Peter Sippel, FIFA-Arbitrator

## Honours
### League
* **Bayernliga** (III)
** Champions: 1977
* **3. Liga** (III)
** Third: 2015–16 (Promoted after play-off)
* **Bayernliga-North** (III)
** Runners-up (2): 1955, 1960
* **Regionalliga Bayern** (IV)
** Champions: 2014–15
* **Landesliga Bayern-Nord** (IV-V)
** Champions (3): 1990, 1997, 2012
** Runners-up: 2008
* **Bezirksoberliga Unterfranken** (VI)
** Champions: 2005
* **Bezirksliga Unterfranken** (VII)
** Champions: 2004
Kevin Kurányi

**Kevin Kuranyi** (born 2 March 1982 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a German football player. He used to play for the German national team, but was excluded in October 2008 due to improper behaviour. His team is Dynamo Moscow. Before playing for Moscow, he played for Stuttgart and Schalke.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Stuttgart||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||5||1||1||1||0||0||6||2
|-
|2002/03||32||15||2||2||8||4||42||21
|-
|2003/04||33||11||3||1||8||3||44||15
|-
|2004/05||29||13||4||2||5||3||38||100
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Schalke||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||30||10||4||1||12||3||46||14
|-
|2006/07||34||15||2||2||2||0||38||17
|-
|2007/08||32||15||4||2||8||3||44||20
|-
|2008/09||33||13||2||1||4||1||39||15
|-
|2009/10||33||18||||||||||33||18

|-
|2010||Dynamo Moscow||Premier League||||||||||||||||
261||111||22||12||47||17||330||140
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
261||111||22||12||47||17||330||140
|}

## International career statistics 
|-
|2003||7||1
|-
|2004||13||10
|-
|2005||15||3
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||9||5
|-
|2008||8||0
|-
!Total||52||19
|}

## References
Kitzingen (district)

**Kitzingen** is a district in Bavaria, Germany.

## History 
The district was last changed in 1973. The old district of Gerolzhofen was split up, and half of its territory was joined with the old Kitzingen district. The city of Kitzingen lost its status as an independent city and was put into the district.

## Geography 
The Main River runs through the district from south to north.

## Coat of arms 
## Towns and municipalities
## References
## Other websites
*Official website (German)
Falun Gong

**Falun Gong** (also known as **Falun Dafa**) is a spiritual discipline from China founded in 1992. People who follow Falun Gong do five exercises similar to Tai chi chuan, which they believe will make them healthier and better people. They also read books written by Li Hongzhi, the movement's founder. They believe in "Truthfulness, Compassion and Forbearance".

It is not known how many people practice Falun Gong today. The Chinese government suggests there were 70 million practitioners in China in 1998. A Falun Gong website claims there are 100 million practitioners in more than 80 countries.

## Made illegal in China 
*Also see: Religious persecution and Organ trade*

In 1999, the Communist Party of China (CCP) made it illegal to practice Falun Gong. This ruling came after a big Falun Gong gathering in front of a Chinese government building. The government claimed the group spread superstitions, but others have suggested that Falun Gong's popularity challenges the CCP's power. 

As of 2008, according to some human rights organizations, over 3000 Falun Gong followers were jailed and tortured to death. Reporter Ethan Gutmann said about 65,000 Falun Gong people were killed for their body parts from 2000 to 2008.

Many people and organizations outside of China have called for the Chinese government to stop jailing and killing Falun Gong people. 

## References
## Other websites
* Falun Dafa Website
Chemical symbol

A **chemical symbol** is the shortform of the name of an element. Usually, it is made up of one or two letters, but sometimes it is made up of three letters. For example, the chemical symbol for oxygen is **O**. The chemical symbol for calcium is **Ca**. Before it is discovered and scientists decided what it would be called, the chemical symbol for ununennium was **Uue**.

All chemical symbols start with a capital letter, and any letters after that are lowercase.

The chemical symbols are listed with the elements in the periodic table. Chemical symbols are also used when writing chemical formulas. For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O, meaning that it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Many chemical symbols are the first one or two letters of the element. Others come from the name in another language. For example, the symbol for sodium is **Na**, which comes from the Latin name *Natrium*. 

## References
*
Secretary of State

**Secretary of State** is a title for a government official.  The title has different meanings in different countries, and in some cases there are several Secretaries of State in the government.

In many countries, a secretary of state is a mid-level official. 

*In the United Kingdom a secretary of state is a senior minister in the Cabinet.

*In the Vatican City the Cardinal Secretary of State is the head of the Roman Curia which is the cabinet of the Vatican and the Roman Catholic Church.

## United States
In the United States federal government, the Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, and is responsible for foreign policy.  In most other countries, this official is called the Foreign Secretary or foreign minister.  The Secretary of State is the highest-ranking member of the Cabinet. The current U.S. Secretary of State is Marco Rubio.
Function

**Function** may mean:
* professional or official position: Official
* Function (mathematics), the relationship between two or more amounts using algebra
* Computable function in software programming languages
* Function (biology) explains the way a part works in an organism
* Function (philosophy), in philosophy, a relation of objects or events to their use or consequences
Official

An **official** (and, or, **functionary**) is someone who holds an office (meaning an official position) in an organisation or government. This does not have to mean an office room—it can also just mean an important . An official in government is called a **government official** or **public official** . Officials may be  or elected to their position.

## Related words 
The term *officer* is close to having the same meaning as "official" (but has more military connotations). A *functionary* is someone who carries out a particular role within an organisation—this is quite a close synonym for an official but with connotations closer to a *bureaucrat*. A *civil servant* can also have a similar meaning to an official.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Origins of the word "official" in the *Online Etymology Dictionary*
Snuff

**Snuff** is a kind of tobacco which is sniffed instead of smoked.  People take a bit of snuff between their fingers and put it in their nostrils to smell it.  Not many people use snuff now, but a century or more ago it was very common.  In the novels of 19th century authors like Charles Dickens we often read about people taking snuff.  They kept it in a "snuffbox".

## Related pages
*Tobacco
Chico, California

**Chico** (Spanish meaning for "little boy") is a city in the Central Valley of the American state of California. It is in the northern part of the state. Chico is in the Sacramento Valley close to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The city has a population of 101,475, as of 2020. People first started living in Chico in 1843. The city was founded in 1860 and started to govern itself in 1872.

## Sister cities 
* – Tamsui, Taipei, Taiwan 1985
* – Pascagoula, Mississippi (U.S.) 2005

## References 
## Other websites 
*
*Downtown Chico Business Association
*Chico Chamber of Commerce
*City-data.com info on Chico
The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind

***The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind***, or just ***Morrowind***, is a video game released in 2002. In it, players take on the role of a character which they create, and use it to wander around in a big and diverse world. There is a storyline, but players do not have to follow it, instead doing the side-quests that are included with the game. Morrowind was released on the PC and the Xbox.You can also get game of the year edition and get Morrowind, Bloodmoon, and Tribunal expansion packs. You can go to the official website for help and guides.

## References
Heteroptera

The **Heteroptera** is a group of about 40,000 species of insects in the Hemiptera. They are **typical bugs**. 

"Heteroptera" is Greek for "different wings": most species have front wings with both membranous and hardened portions (called hemelytra.

The name "Heteroptera" is used in two different ways in modern classifications. In Linnean nomenclature it is a suborder of the order Hemiptera.  In cladistics it is an unranked clade in the Hemiptera clade. 

## Selected families of Heteroptera 
* Assassin bugs 
* Broad-headed bugs
* Bedbugs and flower bugs 
* Plant bugs 
* Leaf-footed bugs, squash bugs and sweetpotato bugs 
* Seed bugs 
* Stink bugs or shield bugs and related families)

## Heteropteran anatomy 
]]
A: head; B: thorax; C: abdomen.
1: claws; 2: tarsus; 3: tibia; 4: femur; 8: compound eye; 9: antenna; 10: clypeus; 23: laterotergites; 25: pronotum; 26: scutellum; 27: clavus; 28: corium; 29: embolium; 30: membrane.

## Waterbugs 
"Waterbug" is a common name for various aquatic insects.

### Selected families of water bugs 
* Backswimmers (Notonectidae)
* Giant water bugs (Belostomatidae)
* Water scorpions (Nepidae)
* Water boatmen (Corixidae)
* Pond skaters (Gerridae)
* Smaller water strider (Veliidae)

## References
Video game publisher

A **video game publisher** is a company that publishes video games. The publisher pays for the development of the game. Because of that, they can tell the developers exactly what kind of game they want. The publisher is responsible for the making and marketing of the game. Big publishers also distribute the games that they publish. Smaller ones pay for other companies to distribute the game for them. Publishers also usually design and make the copies of the games and write the .
Video game developer

A **video game developer** is a person or company who makes games on computers and other game systems. Some developers make games for only one or two types of game systems, others might even make one kind of game. Some games are only for one system. Developers might try and make a copy of such a game to another, different system. Some translate games from one language to another.

Video game developers work in development companies. There are over 1,000 development companies today. A big part of that thousand is very small companies, that usually only have one or two workers - these kind of small companies make games for the Internet or mobile phones. Some development companies are big, too. They have buildings in many places and hundreds of workers.

## Types of developers
There are three types of video game developers.

### Third-party developer
Third-party developers are video game developers that make deals with big publishers to make one game at a time. The developers are not part of the company: when the game is complete, the developers do not have to make another game for the publisher if they do not want to. Publishers will tell them exactly what they want third-party developers to do, and the developers do not have very much power to do something else.

### In-house developers
In-house developers work directly with the publisher. They have more freedom in the making of the game than third-party developers have. Sometimes publishers buy third-party developers, and so they become in-house developers: workers for the publisher. This is an easy way for the publisher because the developers are workers for the publisher and so the publisher has more control.

### Independent developers
Independent developers are usually small groups of people that are not owned by any publisher or another company. Because of that, most independent developers publish their games themselves. If they do that, the games usually will not get much attention or money. Still, independent developers can make exactly the game they want, when there is no publisher to tell them what to do. These are also sometimes called indie developers.
County Cork

**County Cork** is the largest county in Ireland in terms of size. Almost half a million people live there. The leader of the Irish War of Independence, Michael Collins, was born in the town of Clonakilty in County Cork. He was killed in Béal na mBláth in west Cork.  West Cork is known for its beautiful scenery.

The main towns in County Cork are Cork City, Youghal, Mallow, Bandon, Clonakilty, Kinsale, Blarney and Cobh. It is nicknamed "The Rebel County".

Parts of the Gaeltacht are in the county.

## Other websites 
* Cork County Council
* Guide to County Cork for Tourism & Business
Cork (city)

**Cork** is a city in County Cork in Ireland. It is the country's second largest city, only Dublin is larger. It is the third largest city on the island of Ireland, as Belfast is also larger. People from Cork are called Corkonians. It was founded by Saint Finbarr in the sixth century. 274,000 people live in Cork city and the surrounding urban areas. The River Lee runs through Cork city.

Famous things in Cork City include Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral, Shandon cathedral, Blackrock castle, Fota wildlife park, Fota house and gardens, and University College Cork. Many famous sports people come from Cork including Roy Keane, Dennis Irwin and Christy Ring. Olympic medal winner Sonia O'Sullivan comes from the town of Cobh just outside Cork city in County Cork.

## Twin cities
*, Shanghai
*, Coventry
*, Rennes
*, Cologne
*, San Francisco
*, Swansea

## Europe
 Capital of Culture in 2005.

## References
## Other websites 
* Cork City Council site
* The Peoples Republic Of Cork
* Architecture of Cork
Cork

**Cork** could mean:

## Places 
* Cork (city), a city in the Republic of Ireland
* County Cork, the largest and southernmost county in Ireland
* Cork Harbour, a natural harbour and estuary
* Cork International Airport, just outside the Irish city
* Metropolitan Cork

## Objects and materials 
* Cork (material), a material used for bottle stoppers and noteboards
* *Cork* is often used to refer to a stopper (plug)

## In botany 
* Cork oak *(Quercus suber)*, a species of tree
* Chinese Cork Oak *(Quercus variabilis)*, a species of tree
* Cork-tree, *Phellodendron*, a genus of plants native to east and northeast Asia
* Cork cambium, a tissue found in woody plants

## In sports 
* Cork City F.C., a football club
* Cork GAA Gaelic athletic association

## People 
* Bruce Cork (died 1994), American physicist
* Dominic Cork (born 1971), English cricketer

## Other 
* Corky is a female orca living in captivity
* Cork taint, a condition when wine is spoilt by a chemical reaction
* Diocese of Cork and Ross (Roman Catholic) formed in the 1950s from two older diocese
Melisma

In music, a **melisma** is the technique of singing one syllable to a lot of notes.  They are often called **vocal runs** or simply **runs**.  Music which uses melismas can be called **melismatic**.

In Western music melismas are often used in operas or any other music which is written for the singer to show off the voice.  Melismatic music is the opposite of music where each syllable has its own note.  In the "Alleluia Chorus" from Handel's *Messiah* each syllable of the word "Alleluya" has its own note.  But in other parts of the *Messiah* there are often melismas, e.g. in "Thus saith the Lord" the word "shake" ("and I will shake the heavens and the earth") is set to a run of 25 fast notes.  This example can also be described as "word painting".  Handel uses the melisma to make it sound like someone shaking something.

Melismas are used a lot in music from many different cultures.
Suikoden

is a series of role-playing video games made by Japanese company Konami. There have been five main *Suikoden* games made. *Suikoden* and *Suikoden 2* were released on the first PlayStation. *Suikoden 3*, *Suikoden 4*, and *Suikoden 5* were released on the PlayStation 2. In each game the player would play the role of a hero who must free his country from either from a  invader or an evil government within his own country. To do this he would recruit the 108 "stars of destiny" to help him and raise an army. Unlike *Final Fantasy* games, every *Suikoden* game is set in the same world but in different countries.
Elasticity

**Elasticity** could mean:

*Elasticity (economics), a general term for a ratio of change. For more specific economic forms of elasticity, see:
**Price elasticity of demand
**Price elasticity of supply
**Income elasticity of demand
**Cross elasticity of demand
**Output elasticity
**Elasticity of substitution
**Arc elasticity
**Beta coefficient
**Yield elasticity of bond value
*Elasticity (mathematics), a mathematical definition of point elasticity
*Elasticity (physics), continuum mechanics of bodies which deform reversibly under stress
* Elasticity, a comic book super power
Piauí

**Piauí** is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is in the northeastern part of the country. The capital of Piauí is Teresina.

## Geography 
Piauí shares borders with the states of Maranhão (west), Ceará (east), Pernambuco (east) and Bahia (east and south). It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north.

Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the Brazilian states that borders the Atlantic Ocean. Its coastline is only 66&nbsp;km long. The capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the northeast that is not on the coast. The reason for this is because, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí state was first colonised away from the coast and slowly expanded towards the ocean. The other states in the area started on the coast and grew inland.

## Flag 
The flag of Piaui was created on 24 July 1922. The blue canton and a star is for the state itself. The green and yellow stripes are for Brazil.

## Cities 
Cities in Piaui include:
* Teresina
* Parnaíba
* Picos
* Oeiras

## Other websites 
* Piauí Official Homepage (Portuguese)
Hiromu Shinozuka

**Hiromu Shinozuka** (, born 27 March 1979 in Fukuoka) is a Japanese manga artist. She writes in *Ciao*. She came out with *Takkyu shoujo* in 1999.

## Famous works
**Chenge!*
**Mirrumo de pon!*
**Koisuru purin*
**Chibi☆debi!!*

## Other websites
* Profile at Ciao Magazine site  
* Hiromu Shinozuka  at Anime News Network's Encyclopedia
Zvečan

**Zvečan** is a town in north of Kosovo, near Kosovska Mitrovica. , about 16,600 people lived there. The town was first mentioned at the time of border disputes between Serbia and the Byzantine Empire between 1091 and 1094.

## References
Rosario

**Rosario** is a city in the center-east of Argentina, about  northwest from Buenos Aires. It is the main city of Santa Fe Province. As of 2008 Rosario metropolitan area has a population of around 1,300,000 inhabitants, making it Argentina's third-largest city (after Buenos Aires and Córdoba). The city is on the Paraná River.

It is called Rosario because of the Virgin of the Rosary, whose image remains at the cathedral, in the same place as the original chapel.

## Maps
.]]

## References 
## Other websites
* Municipality of Rosario (official website)