open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aristide Cavaillé-Coll

**Aristide Cavaillé-Coll** (born in Montpellier, 4 February 1811; died in Paris, 13 October 1899) was a French organ-builder. He invented many new mechanical devices and his organs changed the way that composers could write for the instrument. César Franck, Alexandre Guilmant, and Charles-Marie Widor, in particular, were strongly influenced by the new type of organ that he was building.

Cavaillé-Coll grouped the stops of the organ into different families, so that the result was similar to the families of instruments in an orchestra.  He made the lowest of the manuals (keyboards) the most important one.  It was called the “Great” (French: “Grande Orgue”).  The other manuals - there were usually two others, but sometimes three - could be “coupled” to the Great.  He made changes to the English swell box, improved its operation, and divided the windchests on which the pipes were resting.  This made it possible to have louder reed stops because of the higher wind pressure.

## Other websites
* Association Aristide Cavaille-Coll
Nippes

**Nippes** is one of the ten departments (French: *départments*, singular *départment*) of Haiti.

It is the newest and smallest Haitian department; it was created in 2003 with the eastern part of the Grand'Anse Department. It has an estimated population of 266,379 (2003) and its capital city is Miragoâne.

Nippes has an area of 1,219 km2. It is bordered to the south by the Sud Department, to the east by the Ouest Department, to the west by the Grand'Anse Department and to the north by the Gonâve Channel, the southern part of the Gulf of Gonâve.

 of Petite Rivière de Nippes, Haiti]]

## Administrative division 
The department is divided into three *arrondissements* (like districts) and 11 *communes* (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
# Miragoâne
## Miragoâne
## Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes
## Fonds-des-Nègres
## Paillant
# Anse-à-Veau
## Anse-à-Veau
## L'Asile
## Petit-Trou-de-Nippes
## Plaisance-du-Sud
## Arnaud
# Baradères
## Barradères
## Grand-Boucan

## References
Aalen

**Aalen** (pronounced ) is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is the capital of the Ostalbkreis district, and its largest town.

## References
## Other websites
Bad Wörishofen

**Bad Wörishofen** () is a spa town in Unterallgäu in Bavaria, Germany.

## Geography
The town is on the Wörthbach, a tributary of the River Mindel in Donau-Iller. It is about 80&nbsp;km / 50 miles west of Munich and 35&nbsp;km / 22 miles east of Memmingen.

## Notes and references
Voluntary (music)

In music a **voluntary** is a piece of music, usually for organ, which is played as part of a church service.

The word “voluntary” can be used for the title of a piece of music.   The title was often used by English composers in the late Renaissance or Baroque periods for a piece of organ music that was free in style, i.e. it did not have to be composed in a strict form such as sonata form or a fugue.  It was meant to sound as if it was being improvised (the word  in general means “free”, i.e. not “forced to do something”).

Composers such as Orlando Gibbons, John Blow and Henry Purcell wrote voluntaries, although sometimes they preferred to use other titles such as *fancy* (an English form of the Italian word *fantasia*), or even *fugue*.  However, these *fugues* were not composed in the proper fugue style: they just started off with imitation as in a fugue, but continued in a freer style.

Some voluntaries were called *double voluntaries*.  These were pieces written for organs with two manuals (keyboards).  The pieces contrasted a loud manual with a soft one.

Some voluntaries were known as *trumpet voluntaries*.  These were voluntaries which had a tune which was played (with the right hand) on a stop called a “trumpet” or a “cornet”.  Two very famous trumpet voluntaries, often played at weddings, are the trumpet voluntary by Henry Purcell and the one by Jeremiah Clarke (which people used to think was composed by Purcell).  In the 18th century the composer John Stanley wrote many trumpet voluntaries.

## References
*groves music online
Area codes in Germany

**Area codes in Germany** () for telephones have  two to five digits, not counting the first zero. The first or "leading" zero must be dialled when calling from inside Germany and not when calling from outside Germany. The area code is not needed when dialling another telephone in the same area, unless one of the telephones is a mobile phone. Usually shorter area codes are used by larger cities, and longer area codes to smaller towns.

The first digit (after the leading zero) shows the region: 
*(0)2 are found in the west
*(0)3 in the east
*(0)4 in the north
*(0)5 in the north central part of Germany
*(0)6 in the south central part of Germany
*(0)7 in the southwest
*(0)8 in the south and the 
*(0)9 in the southeast.

(0)1 are special numbers such as mobile phones (015, 016, 017), shared cost service (0180), televoting numbers (013) and 010 for dial-around services. The OLD codes 0130 for free phone numbers and 0190 for premium-rate numbers are now moved to 0800 and 0900 to meet international standards.
Greek War of Independence

The **Greek War of Independence** (1821–1829), also commonly known as the **Greek Revolution**, was a successful war by the Greeks who won independence for Greece from the Ottoman Empire. Muhammad Ali Pasha sent his son Ismail with an army and a fleet to help fight the Greeks and the Greek Christian revolutionaries asked for help from European Christians. A fleet of the United Kingdom, France and Russia destroyed the Ottoman-Egypt fleet in the Battle of Navarino. After a long and bloody struggle, independence was finally achieved, and confirmed by the Treaty of Constantinople in July 1832. The Greeks were thus the first of the Ottoman Empire's subject peoples to be accepted as an independent sovereign power. 

Image:Athanasios Diakos.JPG|Athanasios Diakos
Image:Bouboulina Friedel engraving 1827.jpg|Laskarina Bouboulina

## Notes
## References
*
*
*
*
*

## Other websites
*Treaty of Constantinople 
*of London, 1832
*War of Independence
Mwai Kibaki

**Mwai Kibaki** (15 November 1931 &ndash; 21 April 2022) was a Kenyan politician. He was the 3rd President of Kenya, from 2002 to 2013.

## President
Kibaki was the first President of Kenya to belong to a party other than KANU (Kenya African national union). After he became President he has done many good things. Kenya saw economic growth of 6%. He however had complaints from people who think the changes that were too slow to come. Many Kenyans living in the diaspora have begun to return to Kenya as the promise of the future has created high paying jobs. These jobs are appealing to foreign educated Kenyans.

In 2007, many people were angry at him. They thought he changed the election results so that he would win. They started to destroy houses and other property.

Kibaki's term ended in April 2013. He was succeeded by Uhuru Kenyatta as President.

## Personal life
He was married to Lucy Kibaki from 1962 until her death in April 2016.

Kibaki died on 21 April 2022 in Nairobi, Kenya, aged 90.

## References
Grand'Anse (department)

'''Grand'Anse'*, or *Grande Anse*, is one of the ten departments (French: *départments*, singular *départment*) of Haiti. Its capital is Jérémie.

## Geography 
The *Départment de la Grand'Anse* has an area of 2,091 km². It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Gonâve, to the east by the Nippes Department, to the south by the Sud Department, and by the Caribbean Sea to the west.

The *Massiff de la Hotte*, an important Haitian mountain range, runs from west to east along the south of the department, with the Plymouth, Macaya and Casetaches mountain ranges. Because of this, rivers here are short; some of them are Baradères, Dame-Marie, de la Grande-Anse, de Nippes, des Roseaux and Voldrogue.

## Administrative division 
The department is divided into three *arrondissements* (like districts) and 11 *communes'' (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
# Anse d'Hainault
## Anse-d'Hainault
## Dame-Marie
## Les Irois
# Corail
## Beaumont
## Corail
## Pestel
## Roseaux
# Jérémie
## Abricots
## Bonbon
## Chambellan
## Jérémie
## Moron

## References
588 Achilles

**588 Achilles** is an asteroid found on February 22, 1906 by the German astronomer Max Wolf. It was the first of the Trojan asteroids to be found, and is named after Achilles, the fictional hero from the Iliad. It orbits in the L4 Lagrangian point of the Sun-Jupiter system. After a few such asteroids were found, the rule was made that the L4 point was the "Greek camp", while the L5 point was the "Trojan camp", though not before each camp had acquired a "spy" (624 Hektor in the Greek camp and 617 Patroclus in the Trojan camp).

## Other websites 
* Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris
Bürgermeister

The German word **Bürgermeister**, often spelled in English as *Burgermeister* (or *Burgomeister* or *Burgomaster*), means *master of the citizens*.

A Burgermeister is chairman of the executive council (or cabinet) in many towns and cities in Germany.  In France, the person is called a *maire*. In the Netherlands the person is called the *burgemeester*. The title is usually translated into English as *Mayor*, but the position of mayor is not quite the same as the Burgermeister.

## Municipal government
* **Bürgermeister** is used in Germany and Austria.  It was used in Switzerland until the mid-19th century. In Switzerland now various names are used instead, such as  *Gemeindepräsident*, *Stadtpräsident*, *Gemeindeammann*, and *Stadtammann*.
* In city-states there can be more than one *Bürgermeister*.  The senior one, equivalent to the Minister-President has an extra title
***Regierender Bürgermeister* ('Governing Mayor') in Berlin
** *Erster Bürgermeister* (literally 'First Mayor') in Hamburg
** *Bürgermeister und Präsident des Senats* ('Mayor and President of the Senate') in Bremen
*Many large cities also have more than one Bürgermeister, the senior is usually called  the *Oberbürgermeister* or Lord Mayor.

*Ober-* is sometimes put in front of a title to show that it is higher than another, especially in military.

### Historical title 
* *Präsidierender Bürgermeister* ('Presiding Bürgermeister') is a name sometimes seen in old documents and books.
Lothar Bisky

**Lothar Bisky** (17 August 1941 &ndash; 13 August 2013) was a German politician. He was the chairman of the Left Party.PDS, a socialist political party with its base in the east of Germany. In June 2007 he became of the leaders of The Left, formed by a merger of Left Party.PDS and Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative.

Bisky was born in Zollbrueck, Pomerania. As a child he was very poor, so when he was 18 he moved from northern West Germany to GDR. He was allowed to join the Socialist Unity Party in 1963, but did not became a leader of the party until just after the fall of communism and the old *hardliners* were thrown out of the party. 

He was rector of the University of Film and Television (Potsdam-Babelsberg) from 1986 to 1990. In 1991 he became a member of the board of directors of regional television channel ORB (now part of RBB.)

In 1990 he was a member of the Volkskammer and since 1990 he has been a member of the state parliament in Brandenburg.

He was chairman of the PDS from 1993 until his resignation in 2000. He was re-elected chairman in 2003. Bisky was seen to be on the moderate, social democratic wing of the party and he was a long-time close ally of the party's most prominent figure, Gregor Gysi.

The party returned strongly to the Bundestag in the 2005 election. Bisky, one of 54 Left MPs, was going to become one of the six vice presidents of the Bundestag. When the new Bundestag met on October 18, however, he failed three times to be elected. Some MPs explained this with allegations (denied by Bisky) that he was an informant of the Stasi. Later, he failed a fourth time, and gave up his bid to be elected.

Lothar Bisky was married and the father of three sons. The oldest son, Jens Bisky, is a journalist and writer and the middle, Norbert Bisky, is a painter. The youngest died in 2008 in Edinburgh.

Bisky died in Leipzig, Saxony, on 13 August 2013.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Homepage from Lothar Bisky
* Biography of party Die Linke Brandenburg
Louis-Nicolas Clérambault

**Louis-Nicolas Clérambault** (born Paris, 19 December 1676; died Paris, 26 October 1749) was a French organist and composer.

Clérambault (pronounce “CLAY-ram-bow”) came from a musical family. He learned to play the violin and harpsichord when he was young, and also learned the organ, composition and singing. He became the organist at the church of the Grands-Augustins and then at Saint-Sulpice. He worked for Madame de Maintenon who arranged concerts for King Louis XIV. He also had a job at the royal house of Saint-Cyr, which was a school for young girls from the poor nobility. He directed the music there, played the organ and trained the choir.

Clérambault was the first important French composer of cantatas. They were often about Greek and Roman myths. He also composed for the organ, harpsichord and violin. He was thought of as France’s greatest organist. Two of his sons took over jobs held by their father after his death.

## References
*
Bellows

]]
A **bellows** is something that blows air into a small opening in order to make something work. The bellows will have a kind of sack which has air in it. When the sack is squeezed the air is pushed out. Bellows can be quite small and operated by hand, for example for stoking a fire in an open fireplace. They can also be very large, such as bellows that produce air for a large pipe organ to be played. Such bellows used to be pumped by hand (sometimes by several people), but nowadays electricity is used. Bellows are used by blacksmiths or metalworkers for smelting and welding. They are also used in small musical instruments such as bagpipes, accordions and concertinas. The harmonium has bellows which the player operates by pumping pedals with their feet.
Nord (Haitian department)

**Nord** (English: *North*) is one of the ten departments (French: *départments*, singular *départment*) of Haiti. After the Haitian Revolution, the country was divided into only three departments: Nord, Ouest and Sud. The Nord-Est and Nord-Ouest departments were part of the Nord department.

Its capital and largest city is Cap-Haïtien, founded in 1670 by Bertrand d'Orgeron and the old capital city of *Saint-Domingue*. It had the nickname of *Paris of Saint-Domingue*.

## Geography 
The *Départment du Nord* has an area of 2,106 km². It is bordered to the northwest by the Nord-Ouest Department, to the east by the Nord-Est Department, to the southeast by the Centre Department and to the west by the Artibonite Department. The Atlantic Ocean is to the north.

The main rivers of the department are Grande Rivière du Nord, Haut du Cap and Limbé. The rivers Trois-Rivières and Bouyaha have their sources in this department.

## Administrative division 
The department is divided into seven *arrondissements* (like districts) and 19 *communes* (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
# Acul-du-Nord
## Acul-du-Nord
## Milot
## Plaine-du-Nord
# Borgne
## Borgne
## Port-Margot
# Cap-Haïtien
## Cap-Haïtien
## Limonade
## Quartier-Morin
# Grand-Rivière du Nord
## Grande-Rivière-du-Nord
## Bahon
# Limbé
## Limbé
## Bas-Limbé
# Plaissance
## Plaisance
## Pilate
# Saint-Raphaël
## Saint-Raphaël
## Dondon
## La Victoire
## Pignon
## Ranquitte

## References
Apache HTTP Server

**Apache HTTP Server**, also called **Apache**, is a web server notable for helping the growth of the World Wide Web.
## References
## Other websites
* Apache HTTP Server official website
Nord-Est (department)

**Nord-Est** (English: *North-East*) is one of the ten departments (French: *départments*, singular *départment*) of Haiti. It is in the northeastern corner of the country, along the border with the Dominican Republic. Its capital is Fort-Liberté.

After the Haitian Revolution, the country was divided into only three departments: Nord, Ouest and Sud. The *Nord-Est* department was part of the *Nord* department.

## Geography 
The *Départment du Nord-Est*, with an area of 1,805 km², is the second smallest department of Haiti; only the Nippes department is smaller.

The department is bordered to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west by the Nord Department and to the south by the Centre Department. It borders the Dominican Republic to the east.

The only important river in the province is the Dajabón River, known also as *Massacre*. This river marks the Dominican-Haitian border from the Dominican city of Dajabón to its mouth.

The *Massif du Nord* mountain range, known in the Dominican Republic as *Cordillera Central*, runs from the northwest to the southeast along the southern half of the department.

The *Pleine du Nord* (in English, "Northern Plain"), with several savannas, is in the northern half of the department.

## Population 
The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 308,385 persons: 150,525 men and 157,860 women, with 117,872 (38.22%) living in cities and towns. The population density was, in that year, of 171 persons/km².

The main cities are Fort-Liberté (the capital) and Ouanaminthe.

## Administrative division 
The department is divided into four *arrondissements* (like districts) and 13 *communes* (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:

# Fort-Liberté
## Fort-Liberté
## Perches
## Ferrier
# Ouanaminthe
## Ouanaminthe
## Capotille
## Mont-Organisé
# (le) Trou-du-Nord
## Trou-du-Nord
## Caracol
## Sainte-Suzanne
## Terrier-Rouge
# Vallières
## Vallières
## Carice
## Mombin-Crochu

## Economy 
The main economic activity in the department is agriculture, with many very small farms where beans, peanut, maize and other things are grown. In the mountains, coffee is grown.

Fishing is an important activity along the coast, and commerce is the main activity in Ouanaminthe.

## References
Visibility

*Visibility* is a word used in meteorology. It is used to talk about how far a normal person can see depending on the weather. If there is low visibility, such as in a blizzard, a person will not be able to see far. If there is high visibility, such as on a bright, sunny day, a person will be able to see a long way.

Visibility less than  is often called zero. When it is this low, roads may be closed, or lights and signs are turned on to warn drivers. These are put in areas that often have very low visibility. Warning lights help stop accidents. Automobile crashes with many cars happen often in places like this if the warning lights and signs are not put up.

Visibility is said to be good when a person can see farther than about 10 kilometers.

An advisory is put out by meteorologists to warn of low visibility, such as a dense fog advisory from the U.S. National Weather Service. These tell drivers to not travel until the fog leaves. Airport travel sometimes is delayed, or slowed down, by low visibility.

## References
Samuel Wesley

**Samuel Wesley** (born Bristol, 24 February 1766; died London, 11 October 1837) was an English organist and composer 

Samuel Wesley was the son of Methodist hymn-writer Charles Wesley, the grandson of  the poet Samuel Wesley and the nephew of John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist church.  His illegitimate son Samuel Sebastian Wesley was the greatest English composer of church music of the 19th century. 

Samuel played the violin as well as the organ, and worked as a conductor as well as a music lecturer.  He lived at a time when most English composers were writing sentimental music which was not very important.  Wesley was one of the best composers of his time.
Quickborn, Dithmarschen

**Quickborn** is a municipality in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. 

## References
## Other websites
Iguana

**Iguanas** are a type of lizard in the genus ***Iguana*** that lives in tropical areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean. There are only two species of iguana, the green iguana and the Lesser Antillean iguana. The Green iguana is the most commonly found type of this species.

## Appearance 
The two species of lizard both have a dewlap, a row of spines running down their back to their tail, and a third eye on their head. This eye is known as the parietal eye, which looks just like a pale scale on the top of their head. Behind their neck are small scales which look like spikes, and are called tuberculate scales. They also have a large round scale on their cheek called a subtympanic shield. 

## Senses 
Iguanas have excellent vision and can see long distances, shapes, shadows, color and movement. An iguana uses its eyes to navigate through trees and forests, as well as for finding food. They also use their eyes to communicate with members of the same species. An iguana's ear is called a tympanum. It is the iguana's ear drum and is found right above the subtympanic shield and behind the eye. This is a very thin, delicate part of the iguana, and is very important to its hearing.
1999 Jiji earthquake

The **Chi-Chi earthquake** the **great earthquake of September 21**)there was an earthquake in central Taiwan. The earthquake happened on September 21, 1999 at 1:47 am local time (September 20 17:47 GMT). It measured 7.3 on the Richter scale. The epicentre of the earthquake was at  in Chichi Township of Nantou County, hovering around the 12.5&nbsp;km mark west of the Sun Moon Lake. The depth of the epicenter was 7.0&nbsp;km.

## Damage caused
The earthquake caused much , according to the National Fire Agency, Ministry of the Interior R.O.C . This damage included:
* NT$300 billion (US $10 billion) worth of damage
* 51,711 buildings were completely 
* 53,768 buildings were badly damaged
*

The earthquake continued to shake Taiwan throughout the night. People tell stories about a house that was not destroyed but moved by the earthquake from one county to another. The story says that because of this, the owners of the house had to change their address. The earthquake killed so many people.

## Chelungpu fault
The epicenter of the earthquake was Chichi Township. The 921 Earthquake happened along the Chelungpu fault line in western part of the island of Taiwan. The fault is located along the foothills of the Central Mountains in Nantou and Taichung counties. Some sections of land near the fault were changed in elevation by as much as 7 meters (23 feet). Near the northern end of the fault line, a 7-meter tall waterfall was created by the earthquake. In the middle-western part of the island, bridges were destroyed. This stopped traffic for weeks.

In Wufeng, a village in southern Taichung County, the damage was very bad. The village's Guangfu High School was located on the fault line. It was badly damaged by the quake. Today the high school is the site of the National Museum of Natural Science's 921 Earthquake Museum of Taiwan. Landslides were created which in turn caused impromptu formation of lakes.
## Notes
## References
## Other websites
*National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering  (NCREE)

 More Info
La traviata

***La traviata*** is an Italian opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi, libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, after Alexandre Dumas, fils's novel *La dame aux camélias*, published in 1848. It was first performed at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice, on March 6, 1853. The title "La traviata" means literally *The Woman Who Strayed*, or perhaps more figuratively, *The Fallen One*. Although a failure at its premiere, the opera soon established itself and became one of the best-loved and most frequently performed, recorded and filmed of all operas. Notable interpreters of Traviata have included; Maria Callas, Anna Moffo, Renata Scotto, Beverly Sills, amongst many others. 

## Principal roles and voice types 
* Violetta - soprano
* Alfredo - tenor
* Germont - baritone

## Sources 
* *The Complete Dictionnary of Opera & Operetta*, James Anderson, Vikings Books, 1989.
Quickborn

**Quickborn** is a rich town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is about  east of Elmshorn, and  north from the centre of Hamburg.  

Quickborn is twinned with Uckfield, East Sussex.

## References
## Other websites
Mani Ratnam

**Mani Ratnam** () (born June 2, 1956) is a Tamil Indian movie director, writer and producer.

## Filmography
The following is the list of movies directed by Mani Ratnam. For many of these movies, Mani Ratnam is also credited for the story, screenplay and producing:

### Director
### Non-Director
Mani Ratnam established Madras Talkies for movie production during the shoot of *Iruvar*. Mani Ratnam had earlier produced *Thiruda Thiruda* under his personal name. All movies directed by Mani Ratnam subsequent to *Iruvar* have been produced through *Madras Talkies*. Apart from production, Mani Ratnam also has written story and screenplay for movies directed by others.

* *Indira* (1996) - Screenplay (Movie was directed by his wife Suhasini)
* *Gayam* (1993) - Story & Screenplay (Telugu Movie)
* *Chatriyan* - Story & Screenplay
* *Tajmahal* - Story & Screenplay
* *Aasai* (1995) - Producer
* *Nerrukku Ner* (1997) - Producer (Madras Talkies)
* *Dumm Dumm Dumm* (2001) - Story & Screenplay
* *Saathiya* (2002) - Screenplay (Movie is a re-make of *Alaipayuthey* and was directed by his assistant Shaad Ali) and Producer (Madras Talkies)
* *Five Star* (2003) - Producer (Madras Talkies)
### Writer
## Other websites
* 
* Director Mani Ratnam: A living Legend in Film Making 
* Technical Analysis of Mani Ratnam Films 
* Mani Ratnam and A. R. Rahman
* Mani Ratnam: Brief film descriptions 
* A Mani Ratnam Interview 
* Mani Ratnam - article and interview 
*Interview with Bharathan Kandaswamy and Mani Ratnam
Chris Fehn

**Christopher Michael Fehn** (born February 24, 1972) is an American musician and former percussionist for the band Slipknot. In Slipknot, he was known as #3. He was the joker in Slipknot. He wore a fetish type mask with a long Pinocchio style nose.  He is a big fan of sports and is an avid golfer.
Cave Story

is a freeware video game released in 2004 for PC. It was thought of and created over five years by Daisuke Amaya, known by his pseudonym, or art name, Pixel. The game is an action-adventure game, and is similar to the *Castlevania* and *Metroid* games. It was first made in Japanese, and was translated to English by the fan translating group, Aeon Genesis.

The island is populated by the Mimiga, a race of sentient, sheep-like beings.

## References 
**Notes**
Brian Jacques

**James Brian Jacques** (pronounced "Jakes") (15 June 1939 - 5 February 2011) was an English author. He is best known for his *Redwall* series of books, as well as the *Tribes of Redwall* and *Castaways of the Flying Dutchman* series. He also wrote two books of short stories called, *The Ribbajack & Other Curious Yarns* and *Seven Strange and Ghostly Tales*.

## The books he has written
### Redwall series
* *Redwall* (1986)
* *Mossflower* (1988)
* *Mattimeo* (1989)
* *Mariel of Redwall* (1991)
* *Salamandastron* (1992)
* *Martin the Warrior* (1993)
* *The Bellmaker* (1994)
* *Outcast of Redwall* (1995)
* *The Pearls of Lutra* (1996)
* *The Long Patrol* (1997)
* *Marlfox* (1998)
* *The Legend of Luke* (1999)
* *Lord Brocktree* (2000)
* *The Taggerung* (2001)
* *Triss* (2002)
* *Loamhedge* (2003)
* *Rakkety Tam* (2004)
* *High Rhulain* (2005)
* *Eulalia!* (2007)
* *Doomwyte* (2008)
* *The Sable Quean* (2010)
* *The Rogue Crew* (2011)

### Redwall picture books
* *The Great Redwall Feast* (1996)
* ''A Redwall Winter's Tale* (2001)
* *Redwall Friend & Foe* (2000)
* *The Redwall Cookbook* (2005)

### Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series
**Castaways of the Flying Dutchman*
**The Angel's Command*
**Voyage of Slaves''

## References
## Other websites
* Official Redwall Website
* The Redwall Wiki - A collaborative Redwall information resource
Sud-Est (department)

**Sud-Est** (English: *South-East*) is one of the ten departments (French: *départments*, singular *départment*) of Haiti. Its capital is Jacmel.

After the Haitian Revolution, the country was divided into only three departments: Nord, Ouest and Sud. The *Sud-Est* department was part of the *Sud* department.

## Geography 
The *Départment du Sud-Est* has an area of 2,023 km². The department is in the Southern Peninsula, also known as the Tiburon Peninsula.

It is bordered to the north by the Ouest Department, to the west by the Sud Department and to the south by the Caribbean Sea. It borders the Dominican Republic to the east.

The *Massif de la Selle* is the main mountain range in the département and it covers almost all the department except for some small valleys near the coast, as the Jacmel valley. The highest mountain of Haiti, *Pic la Selle* (2,680 metres), is in the Massif de la Selle.

Rivers are short and they flow into the Caribbean Sea. The most important river is *La Grande Rivière de Jacmel*. Other rivers are *Bainet*, *Belle-Anse*, *des Côtes-de-Fer*, *Gauche*, *de la Gosseline*, *Marigot* and *Pedernales*; Pedernales marks the border with the Dominican Republic and is common to both countries. The population density was, in that year, of 240 persons/km².

## Administrative division 
The department is divided into three *arrondissements* (like districts) and 10 *communes* (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
# Bainet
## Bainet
## Côtes-de-Fer
# Belle-Anse
## Anse-à-Pitres
## Belle-Anse
## Grand-Gosier
## Thiotte
# Jacmel
## Cayes Jacmel
## Jacmel
## La Vallée
## Marigot

## Economy 
The main economic activity in the department is agriculture, with many very small farms where different crops are grown. On the mountains, coffee is grown.

Fishing is an important activity along the coast.

## References
Sud (department)

**Sud** (English: *South*) is one of the ten departments (French: *départments*, singular *départment*) of Haiti. Its capital is Les Cayes.

## Geography 
The *Départment du Sud* has an area of 2,794 km². It is bordered to the north by the Grand'Anse and Nippes departments, to the east by the Sud-Est Department and by the Caribbean Sea to the west and south.

The *Massiff de la Hotte*, an important Haitian mountain range, runs from west to east along the centre of the department. Because of this, rivers here are short; some of them are Acul du Sud, Torbeck, Ravine du Sud, de l'Ilet, Cavaillon, des Anglais, Port à Piment, Saut Mathurine, de Tiburon.

## Population 
The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 621,651 persons: 312,729 men and 308.922 women, with only 109,623 (17.63%) living in cities and towns.

## Administrative division 
The department is divided into five *arrondissements* (like districts) and 18 *communes* (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
# Aquin
## Aquin
## Cavaillon
## Saint-Louis-du-Sud
# Les Cayes
## Les Cayes
## Camp-Perrin
## Chantal
## Maniche
## Île-à-Vache
## Torbeck
# Les Chardonnières
## Les Chardonnières
## Les Anglais
## Tiburon
# Les Côteaux
## Les Côteaux
## Port-à-Piment
## Roche-à-Bateau
# Port-Salut
## Port-Salut
## Arniquet
## Saint-Jean-du-Sud

## References
Xanten

**Xanten** ( or *Xantum*) () is a historic town in Germany. It is in the Wesel district of the North Rhine-Westphalia state. Xanten is known for the Archaeological Park as well as its medieval picturesque city centre with Xanten Cathedral. About 800,000 tourists visit each year.

Xanten is the only German town whose name begins with "X".

## References
## Other websites
Ouest (department)

**Ouest** (English: *West*) is one of the ten departments (French: *départments*, singular *départment*) of Haiti. Its capital is Port-au-Prince which is also the capital of the country and its largest city.

With an area of 4,827 km², it is the second largest department in Haiti after the Artibonite Department. It has a population of 2,943,200 (2002). The Gonâve Island (French, *Île de la Gonâve*) is part of this department.

It is bordered to the northwest by the Artibonite Department, to the northeast by the Centre Department. The Gulf of Gonâve is to the west (and to the north of the southern part of the department). It borders the Dominican Republic to the east.

The department is divided into five *arrondissements*:

# l'Arcahaie
# Croix-des-Bouquets
# La Gonâve
# Léogane
# Port-au-Prince

## References
Biopsy

biopsy.]]

A **biopsy** is a test in medicine where doctors remove cells and look at them closely under a microscope or do chemical analysis to see whether there is an illness.

## Etymology 
*Biopsy* is a Greek word, from the Greek words **bio** meaning "life" and **opsia** meaning see.

## References
Jake Gyllenhaal

**Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal** (born December 19, 1980) is an Academy Award-nominated american actor. He has appeared in diverse roles since his first lead role in 1999's *October Sky*, followed by the 2001 cult hit *Donnie Darko*, in which he played a psychologically troubled teen and onscreen brother to his real-life sister, actress Maggie Gyllenhaal. In the 2004 blockbuster *The Day After Tomorrow* he portrayed a student caught in a cataclysmic global cooling event, alongside Dennis Quaid as his father. He then played against type as a frustrated Marine in *Jarhead* (2005). The same year, he won critical acclaim portraying a role that entered popular shorthand as a "gay cowboy" in the controversial but highly acclaimed film *Brokeback Mountain*.

## Early life 
His mother is screenwriter Naomi Foner. His father is director Stephen Gyllenhaal, who was raised as a Swedenborgian, is of Swedish and English descent, and is a descendant of the Swedish noble Gyllenhaal family. Jake's last ancestor to be born in Sweden was his great-great-grandfather, Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal. Jake's mother is Jewish; she was born in New York City, to a family from Russia and Poland. Gyllenhaal has said that he considers himself Jewish. Gyllenhaal began acting at 11 years old.

## Filmography 
## Awards 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
*
John Lee Hooker

**John Lee Hooker** (August 22, 1917 – June 21, 2001) was an American blues singer, guitarist, and songwriter born in Coahoma County near Clarksdale, Mississippi.

## Biography 
### Early life 
Hooker was born on August 22, 1917 in Coahoma County near Clarksdale, Mississippi. He was born to William Hooker and Minnie Ramsey and was the youngest of eleven children. He and his siblings were home-schooled and they were only allowed to listen to religious songs. His parents separated in 1921 and his mother married William Moore, a blues singer the next year. Moore introduced Hooker to the guitar. John would later credit Moore for his distinctive playing style.

### Later life 
All through the 1930s, Hooker lived in Memphis where he worked on Beale Street and sometimes performed at house parties. In 1948, he started working at Ford Motor Company.

### Career 
Hooker's early solo songs were recorded by Bernie Besman. John Lee Hooker rarely played on a standard beat, changing tempos to fit the songs. This made it nearly impossible to add backing tracks. 

### Pop culture 
Hooker appeared and sang in the 1980 movie *The Blues Brothers*. He recorded over 100 albums.

In 1989, he played with Keith Richards, Carlos Santana and Bonnie Raitt to record *The Healer* and won a Grammy Award. Hooker recorded lots of songs with Van Morrison, including "Never Get Out of These Blues Alive", "The Healing Game" and "I Cover the Waterfront".

## Death
He fell ill just before a tour of Europe in 2001 and died soon afterwards at the age of 83. The last song Hooker recorded before his death, is "Ali D'Oro".

## Quotes 
*"It don't take me no three days to record no album." (during the recording of the double album ''Hooker 'N Heat'' with Canned Heat.)

*"I don't play a lot of fancy guitar. I don't want to play it. The kind of guitar I want to play is mean, mean licks." (when describing his own music in an article from *The Daily News*, Atlanta, Ga. 1992)

*"Women are like wet bars of soap.  Hold on to em too hard and they pop outta your hands." (as spoken to Randy Wilkinson in New Orleans 1983, friend and road manager)

## Albums 
## References 
## Other websites 
*Official John Lee Hooker Site
*John Lee Hooker 1980 Blues Foundation Induction into Hall of Fame 
*The Boom Boom Room San Francisco nightclub founded by Hooker
*
Adelsheim

**Adelsheim** is a small town in northern Baden-Württemberg, about 30&nbsp;km north of Heilbronn. The state-recognized resort of Adelsheim in the Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis is 1,200-year years old.

## References
## Other websites
Aichtal

**Aichtal** (Swabian: *Oechtal*) is a town in the district of Esslingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is 18&nbsp;km south of Stuttgart.

## References
## Other websites
Albstadt

**Albstadt** [] is a city in the district of Zollernalbkreis in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is in the Swabian Alb mountains, about halfway between Stuttgart and Lake Constance. Albstadt is the largest city in the district.

Albstadt was damaged by a 6.1 magnitude earthquake in 1911, which was the second most powerful earthquake recorded in Germany (after the 1756 Düren earthquake), a 5.6 magnitude earthquake in 1943, and a 5.7 magnitude earthquake in 1978, which was the costliest in Germany at 275 million Deutsche Mark. During World War II, Albstadt was also damaged by an air raid by the Allies on July 11, 1944, which killed 65 people, and another one on February 20, 1945, which killed 19 people.

## References
## Other websites
Son House

**Eddie James "Son" House, Jr.** (March 21, 1902 – October 19, 1988) was an American blues singer and guitarist.

## Discography
* *The Complete Library Of Congress Sessions* (1964) Travelin' Man Cd 02
* *Blues From The Mississippi Delta (W/Short) * (1964) Folkways 2467
* *The Legendary Son House: Father Of The Delta Blues* (1965) Columbia 2417
* *In Concert (Oberlin College, 1965) * Stack-O-Hits 9004
* *Delta Blues (1941-1942) * Smithsonian 31028
* *Son House & Blind Lemon Jefferson (1926-1941) * Biograph 12040
* *Son House - The Real Delta Blues (1964-65 Recordings) * Blue Goose Records 2016
* *Son House & The Great Delta Blues Singers (With Willie Brown,) * Document Cd 5002
* *Son House At Home : Complete 1969* Document 5148
* *Son House (Library Of Congress) * Folk Lyric 9002
* *John The Revelator* Liberty 83391
* ''American Folk Blues Festival '67* (1 Cut) Optimism Cd 2070
* *Son House - 1965-1969 (Mostly TV Appearances) * Private Record Pr-01
* *Son House - Father Of The Delta Blues : Complete 1965* Sony/Legacy Cd 48867
* *Living Legends (1 Cut, 1966) * Verve/Folkways 3010
* *Real Blues (1 Cut, U Of Chicago, 1964) * Takoma 7081
* *John The Revelator - 1970 London Sessions* Sequel Cd 207
* *Great Bluesmen/Newport (2 Cuts, 1965) * Vanguard Cd 77/78
* *Blues With A Feeling (3 Cuts, 1965) * Vanguard Cd 77005
* *Son House/Bukka White - Masters Of The Country Blues* Yazoo Video 500 :
* *Delta Blues And Spirituals* (1995)
* *In Concert (Live) * (1996)
* *Live At Gaslight Cafe, 1965* (2000)
* *New York Central Live* (2003)
* *Delta Blues (1941-1942) * (2003) Biograph Cd 118
* *Proper Introduction to Son House'' (2004) Proper (contains everything recorded on years 1930, 1940 & 1941)

## Notes
* information about House's age 

## Other websites
* Video clip  of Son House performing
Alpirsbach

**Alpirsbach** is a town in the district of Freudenstadt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is in the Black Forest on the Kinzig river, 13&nbsp;km south of Freudenstadt.

Alpirsbach is twinned with the French commune of Neuville-sur-Saône.

## References
## Other websites
* Official site of Alpirsbach 
* Alpirsbach: pictures
Asperg

**Asperg** is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is 15&nbsp;km north of Stuttgart, and 4&nbsp;km west of Ludwigsburg. The Hohenasperg fortress is in Asperg.

## References
## Other websites
Aulendorf

**Aulendorf** is a town in the district of Ravensburg, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is  southwest of Biberach an der Riß and  north of Ravensburg.

## References
## Other websites
Scramjet

A **scramjet** (**supersonic** **combustion** **ramjet**) is a special type of ramjet jet engine where fuel combustion takes place while the air in the engine is moving faster than the speed of sound. In a ramjet, air is slowed to subsonic (slower than the speed of sound) speeds before fuel is burned. Unlike ramjets, scramjets do not use shock cones to compress incoming air; instead, shock waves from inside the engine compress the air by slowing it down very quickly. This means that scramjets can operate very efficiently at extremely high speeds. However, a scramjet relies on the aircraft moving much faster than the speed of sound in order to work; scramjets do not work at subsonic, or even low supersonic, speeds.

As of November 2022, scramjets are still experimental. This means that they have not been used on commercial airliners or in active military scenarios. Successful scramjet tests have been conducted, however.

## Advantages and disadvantages 
### Advantages 
# Does not need to carry oxidizer
# No complex parts makes it easy to build
# Has a higher specific impulse than a rocket engine
# Could provide easy access to space in the future due to high top speed

### Disadvantages 
# Difficult and expensive testing/development
# Needs a separate engine to get it up to speed

## References
Achern

**Achern** () is a city in Western Baden-Württemberg, Germany.  It is about  southwest of Baden-Baden and  northeast of Offenburg.  Achern is the fourth largest city in the county of Ortenau (Ortenaukreis), after Offenburg, Lahr / Black Forest and Kehl.

## References
## Other websites
Stronger (Kanye West song)

"**Stronger**" is a 2007 song by rapper Kanye West. It won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance. The song samples French electronic music duo Daft Punk's Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger.

## Chart positions
## References
Chiyoda, Tokyo

is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan.

The municipality calls itself "Chiyoda City" in English.

## History
During the Edo period, most of the people living in this area were samurai.

Chiyoda developed around the Imperial Palace.

The Diet of Japan, the Supreme court of Japan and home of the Prime Minister of Japan are all in Chiyoda.

## Geography 
Chiyoda is in the center of Tokyo. It borders Chūō and Minato on the south.  Shinjuku is on the ward's western border. Bunkyō and Taitō is on the northern border.

The ward has an area of . The Imperial Palace covers about 12 percent of this area.

In Chiyoda is the hub of the Shinkansen high-speed train network, Tokyo Station.

## Related pages 
* List of special wards of Tokyo
* Capital of Japan

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.city.chiyoda.tokyo.jp/english/e-guide/index.html ,  
* Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Special wards
Player piano

The **player piano** is a piano with an automatic mechanism so that it can play by itself. The mechanism may be pneumatic, mechanical, or electrical. A more modern kind of player piano uses MIDI. In the pneumatic type of player piano, the air comes from a pump operated by the player's feet, and in some later models, an electric pump. Inside the piano are paper rolls which have holes punched in them. These holes release air which in turn triggers the keys to play. When the player piano plays itself the keys of the piano can be seen moving by themselves.

The player piano became popular in the late 19th and early 20th century. Mass-produced pianos were popular in people's homes then, and more and more people bought sheet music.  By the 1920s the player piano started to become less popular as the gramophone had been invented. 

The "Pianola", a popular type of player piano, was patented in 1897 by Edwin Votey of the Aeolian Company. He chose the name as a combination of the words "piano" and "Aeolian", from the company he worked for. He first built a prototype in his Detroit home in 1895. This device was fitted with control levers so that the player ("player pianist" or "pianolist") could play in the way he wanted. The pianola made it possible for the player to sound as if he was playing very difficult music that he was not capable of playing. At the same time he could control the performance. The word "pianola" became used as a general word for all player pianos in the early 20th century, even though it was just one kind. Later, "player piano" became the most common term.

A player piano is the same as any other piano except it is fitted with a pneumatic player action, which plays paper rolls. This mechanism consists of about one hundred bellows, large and small, the smaller ones being called pneumatics of which there are 88, one for each note on the piano. The largest are the foot operated ones, called the bellows. Other pneumatics of varying sizes operate the roll motor, tracking device, motor speed governor, and the sustain and soft pedals.

## References
Good Eats

***Good Eats*** was an American television series shown on the Food Network from 1999 until 2011. It aired on the Cooking Channel in 2011 and 2012. It was created and  hosted by Alton Brown. *Good Eats* was like shows with science teachers Mr. Wizard and Bill Nye. Brown shows the science and technique behind the cooking, the history of different foods, and the good parts of different kinds of cooking equipment. The show focuses on familiar food that can easily be made at home. It talks about picking the right tools, and getting the most out of cheap tools that can be used for different things. Each episode of *Good Eats* has its own theme. Usually an ingredient or a cooking technique. It may also be a more general theme such as Thanksgiving. In the tenth anniversary episode, Alton Brown stated that the show was inspired by the idea of mixing Julia Child, Mr. Wizard, and Monty Python. 

On May 11, 2011, Alton Brown confirmed that the series would come to an end, ceasing production at episode 249. 

## References
## Other websites
*Alton Brown's Official Website
*Food Network: *Good Eats* Official Website on the Food Network's homepage
Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck

**Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck** (May 1562 in Deventer - 16 October 1621) was a Dutch composer and  organist. Sweelinck (pronounce: ZVAY-link) lived at the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Baroque periods.  He was one of the greatest organists and composers of his day.  He was the organist at the Oude Kerk (“Old Church”) in Amsterdam for 44 years.  Many musicians travelled a long way to Amsterdam to hear him improvise at the organ.  He composed music for the organ and harpsichord as well as vocal music.

## References
Altensteig

**Altensteig** is a town in the district of Calw of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is in the eastern Black Forest, 18&nbsp;km southwest of Calw, and 19&nbsp;km northeast of Freudenstadt.

## References
## Other websites
Isabeau of Bavaria

offers a book to her patron **Isabeau of Bavaria**.]]
**Isabeau of Bavaria** (c. 1371 – September 24, 1435) was queen of France and wife of Charles VI of France. She married on July 17, 1385 and played an important role in running the country when her husband developed insanity. She was very unpopular and the country was losing the Hundred Years' War during this time.