open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
National Diet Library

The  is the only national library in Japan. It was  in 1948.

The purpose of the library is to assist members of the . The library is similar in purpose and scope to the U.S. Library of Congress.

The National Diet Library has two main facilities. One is in Tokyo and the other is in Kyoto. There are also several branch libraries in Japan.

## Related pages 
* National Archives of Japan

## References 
## Other websites 
* NDL Japanese website
* NDL English website
* NDL Digital Archive Portal (English) 
* Kansai-kan of the NDL (English)
* Digital Library from the Meiji Era (English summary only) 
* Digital Library from the Meiji Era (Japanese)
* Rare Books Image Database (Japanese) 
* NDL image viewer .
* NDL-OPAC Japanese Index 
* NDL-OPAC English Index 
* Database of National Diet Minutes (Japanese)
* Database of Imperial Diet Minutes (Japanese)
* NDL Interlibrary Loan Application Procedures 
* NDL Photoreproduction Service 
* NDL Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures
Absurdism

**Absurdism** is a type of philosophy. People who support and argue for absurdism are known as 'absurdists'. Absurdists think that the human condition is   because humans are always looking for meaning, but are completely unable to find meaning because no such meaning exists. In philosophy, this is called ‘the Absurd’. In this case *absurd* means that it is not possible to be done by humans.

Absurdists, most notably Albert Camus, believe that when human beings realize this  absurdity they have different reactions. One reaction is suicide, but this is not generally considered to be a viable solution by Absurdists; suicide is in and of itself the most absurd action possible. Another reaction is to believe in something higher (Camus gave religion as an example of this, although he went on to criticize its merit as a solution to fundamental absurdity) when they see that there is no meaning they can find in the universe (which is what absurdism says is the basic state of human experience). The final reaction is to accept the absurd, and also to keep trying to  it. Camus believed that a human being could become happy by finding meaning in their relationship with the absurdity of their existence.

Perhaps the most notable absurdist philosopher is Albert Camus. Søren Kierkegaard's ideas contributed to the development of Absurdist philosophy, although he was himself an existentialist.

## References
## Related pages
*Existential crisis
*Nihilism
Emperor Kameyama

(9 July 1249 – 4 October 1305), was the 90th emperor of Japan, in the traditional order of succession.  His  started in 1259 and ended in 1274.

## Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, his personal name (*imina*) was .  The posthumous name of Kameyama comes from the place name of the emperor's tomb, in a section of Kyoto.

He was the seventh son of Emperor Go-Saga and the younger brother of Emperor Go-Fukakusa.

Kameyama was the father of 36 children, including the son and heir who became Emperor Go-Uda.

## Events of Kameyama's life
* **1258** (*Shōka 2*): Kameyama's son, Prince Tsunehito was named Crown Prince and heir at age nine.
* **1259** (*Shōgen 1, 11th month*): In the 14th year of Go-Fukakusa's reign, he abdicated.  Go-Fukakusa's younger brother got the succession (senso). Soon after, Emperor Kameyama accepted the monarch's role, duties and powers (*sokui*).
* **1268** (''Bun'ei 5*): Kameyama did not answer a letter from Kublai Khan which demanded tribute.  Khan, the leader of China, saw this non-response as rude and not respectful.
* **19 November 1274** (*Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month''): Yuan China (Kublai Khan) sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan. Some military forces landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū.   This was the "Battle of Bun'ei" or the 1st Mongol Invasion.  The same day, a storm sank many of the ships with the main part of the invading army. The invaders ran away to Korea.  During the short fight, the Hakozaki Shrine was burned to the ground.
* **1281** (*Kōan 4*): This is called the "Battle of Kōan" or the 2nd Mongol Invasion. A typhoon broke up the invading fleet; and this act of 'divine wind' was called *kamekaze.*
* **1291** (*Shōō 4*): Kameyama helped to found the Buddhist temple Nanzen-ji in Kyōto.

 (*misasagi*) of Emperor Kameyama at Kyoto.]]
* **1305** (*Kagen 3*): Kameyama died.

### After his death
The Imperial Household Agency say the mausoleum (*misasagi*) of Kameyama is in Kyoto.

## Eras of reign
The years of Kameyama's reign cover more than one era name.
* ''Bun'ō*, 1260-1261
* *Kōchō*, 1261-1264
* *Bun'ei'', 1264-1275

## Related pages 
* Emperor of Japan
* List of emperors of Japan
* Japanese imperial family tree
* Emperor Go-Kameyama

## References 
 symbol of the Japanese emperor and his family.]]

## Other websites
Shōgen

:

 was a  after *Shōka* and before ''Bun'ō.*  This period started in March 1259 and ended in April 1260.  During this time, the emperors were  and .

## Events of the *Shōgen* era
* **1259** (*Shōgen 1, 11th month''): In the 14th year of Go-Fukakusa's reign (後深草天皇14年), the emperor ; and his younger brother became the emperor
* **1260** (*Shōgen 2*): Nichiren wrote *Rissho Ankoku Ron* ("On Securing the Peace of the Land through the Propagation of True Buddhism").

## Related pages 
* Kamakura period
* Jōgen (Kamakura period), 1207-1211 – *Shōgen* is an alternative pronunciation

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"
Kenichiro Tokura

**Kenichiro Tokura** (born 31 May 1971) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1994||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||11||0||0||0||3||0||14||0
|-
|1995||21||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|1996||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|1997||Kawasaki Frontale||Football League||20||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|1998||Gamba Osaka||J. League 1||5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|1999||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||10||0||0||0||1||0||11||0
|-
|1999||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||2||0||2||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|2001||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 1||15||0||0||0||2||0||17||0
91||0||3||0||6||0||80||0
91||0||3||0||6||0||80||0
|}

## References
Sicilian Defence

The **Sicilian defence**, usually called just *the Sicilian*, is a chess opening, which starts with these moves: 
*1. e4 c5
In competitive chess, it is by far the most frequently played reply to the King's Pawn opening (1.e4).

*Open variations 1e4 c5 2Nf3 followed by 3d4. A typical line is
:1.e4 c5
:2.Nf3 d6
:3.d4 cxd4
:4.Nxd4 Nf6
:5.Nc3
Now Black decides where to put his KB: on e7 or g7; his QN will probably go to c6.

*Closed variations 1e4 c5 2Nc3 not followed by d4. A typical line is
:1.e4 c5
:2.Nc3 Nc6
:3.f4 d6
:4.Nf3 g6
:5.Bb5 Bg7
:6.d3

Instead of 3.f4, a slower game with 3.g3 followed by Bg2 and d3 could be chosen by White.

*ECO code B20–B99. ECO is the *Encyclopaedia of chess openings*.
Lawar

**Lawar** is a traditional food in Bali, Thailand. It contains young jackfruit, pork and pig's blood.

## References
King's Gambit

The '''King's Gambit''' is a chess opening which starts with these moves:
*1.e4 e5
*2.f4 and now
**2...exf4 is the King's Gambit accepted, and 3.Nf3 the most common move.
**2...any other move by Black is the King's Gambit declined. 2...d5 is most usual.

The opening is called a gambit because White sacrifices a pawn. In exchange for the pawn, White gets better development and opens up lines that can be used to attack/checkmate the black king. It was more popular in the 1800s, when many Black players did not know good ways to play against it.

*ECO code C30–C39. ECO is the *Encyclopaedia of chess openings*.
Celtic Sea

of the Celtic Sea, part of the Atlantic Ocean]]

The **Celtic Sea** (; ; ; ) is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland. To the east of it are the Saint George's Channel, the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, Devon, and Brittany. The southern and western boundaries are based on the continental shelf.

## Other websites 
* Coccoliths in the Celtic Sea : a bloom of phytoplankton in the Celtic Sea, visible from outer space in an MISR image, 4 June 2001
Gang

were bank robbers who, with their gang, traveled the United States during the Great Depression.]]
A **gang** is a group of people who do things together. The word "gang" comes from the Old English *gan*, which means "to go". It is also related to Old Norse *gangr* "a group of men". In modern times the word *gang* is often used to refer to a group of people who  crimes together. Members of criminal gangs may be called gangsters.

There are several reasons why people join gangs. Lots of people who join gangs are young people. One reason that people join gangs is a chance to make money through doing things like selling illegal drugs, stealing and sex trafficking. Another reason, especially for younger people, is a chance to have a place where they belong. A third reason is boredom.

## Gang identification 
Gang members often use graffiti to tell other gangs that an area is part of their "territory" and that other gangs should stay away. Marking territory, usually with spray paint, is sometimes called "tagging," however tagging usually means messages by one person, called a tagger. Tagger graffiti promotes the individual and is usually more artistic. As well as being a “no trespassing” sign telling rival crews to stay away, gang graffiti can send other messages. Gang graffiti may be a message about future violence or criminal activity. Members of a gang often dress similarly or have the same tattoos.

## Gang violence 
 fighting with police in Paris.]]
Gang violence refers to illegal acts of violence performed by gangs. The violence may be against innocent people, property, or other gangs. Gang violence is extremely prevalent across the world in cities like Moscow, Detroit, Chicago and Los Angeles. Nearly every major city has seen gang violence at some point in its history.

## Related pages 
*Mara Salvatrucha

## References
Barbed wire

with barbed wire on top]]

**Barbed wire** (also called **barb wire**) is a kind of wire that is used to make cheap fences. It has sharp metal points (**barbs**),  which make climbing over it painful.

The first patent in the United States for barbed wire was issued in 1867 to Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, who is regarded as the inventor. Joseph Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois, received a patent for the modern invention in 1874 after he made his own modifications to previous versions. 

It was first used for controlling cattle and later in trench warfare, and in other places to stop people. Improvements led to the creation of Razor wire, in the 1960's.

## References
Réti Opening

The **Réti opening** (or just "the Réti") is a hypermodern chess opening. It starts with 1.Nf3. It was originally devised for sequences like
:1.Nf3 d5
:2.c4 d4
:3.b5

Now 2.g3 is as usual as 2.c4 in this opening. The opening can change into many others as pieces develop. This is called transposition.

*ECO code is A04–A08. ECO is the *Encyclopaedia of chess opening*

----Another variation of this is the **Tennison gambit,** also known as the **ICBM gambit.**

The Tennison Gambit is a chess opening in which White gambits a pawn. The opening moves begin with either the Réti Opening:

1. Nf3 /d5

2. e4

The first person to significantly research this opening was chess amateur Otto Mandrup Tennison (1834–1909). Tennison was born in Denmark, studied in Germany and moved to the United States in 1854. There he played in the chess clubs of New Orleans. Many strong players picked up the idea from the first half of the 20th century. 

The other name of the Tennison Gambit is the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. Ok so lets see how does it exactly work

King's pawn to e4 and black responds with d5 which is the Scandinavian Defence. It is only possible with this opening. We will not care about that pawn and play nf3. Being greedy, black will take that pawn as it is unprotected and also attack horse. We will play our knight to f5, saving the piece and attacking the pawn.  To defend the hanging pawn the very natural move black will think is to develop its knight and protect the pawn. Black plays knight to f6.  Now we will have to Gambit another pawn so we take our queens pawn to d3. Black will take the pawn because his pawn is under attack.  No we will develop our bishop to d3. Now you have essentially won the game. Black plays pawn to h6 attacking the knight. What we will do is that we will attack the f7 square with the knight forking the queen and rook. Black has no option but to play the king to f7 killing the knight and protecting the queen and rook. Now we will bring the bishop to g6 which gives a check and attacks the entire corridor. Black cannot retreat its king and has the only option to kill the bishop which leaves the queen in an exposed position. 

Done. Blacks game is over. 

WE CAN LAUNCH AN RT-2PM2 >CODE LAUNCH THREE-STAGE SOLID-PROPELLANT SILO-BASED INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILE TO ATTACK BLACKS REMAINING PIECES. 

NOW MANEUVER CAREFULLY AS OUR ATGM IS IS GOING THROUGH THE BOARD. 

SO, IT BASICALLY MEANS AFTER KING TAKES BISHOP OUR QUEEN TAKES THEIR QUEEN.  

HOW CAN BLACK MAKE A COMEBACK?

After the queen takes queen we dont need to care about our bishop on c8 we will simply move our kings pawn up 2 squares or 1 square. White being greedy will take the c8 bishop so now will take our bishop to b4 giving a check. It is a discovered attack. The king after he protects himself we can kill the queen with our rook having a very big material advantage.
Faggot

**Faggot** might mean:

*Faggot (food), a type of food, a meatball from the UK
*Faggot (slang) (or "fag"), a derogatory term for a homosexual in the United States
* MiG-15 Fagot, a fighter aircraft
* In music, a "faggotti" is a musical instrument called a bassoon
Folk metal

**Folk metal** is a type of heavy metal music that started in Europe in the 1990s. This music is a mixture of heavy metal and traditional folk music. Many times, folk instruments are used in it. Sometimes traditional singing styles are also used.

The earliest example of folk metal was the English band Skyclad. Their first album, *The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth* was made in 1990. In 1994 and 1995 more folk metal bands appeared in Europe and Israel. Some of these early bands were the Irish band Cruachan, the Israeli band Orphaned Land, and the German band Subway to Sally. Each band started to develop their own type of folk metal. These styles became Celtic metal, Oriental metal and Medieval metal.

In the 1990s, folk metal was not well known and there were not many folk metal bands. In the early 2000s, folk metal became a lot more popular. It was very popular in Finland. Some folk metal bands in Finland were Ensiferum, Turisas, Korpiklaani, Finntroll and Moonsorrow.

Different bands play folk metal music in different ways. A lot of different instruments are also used. Many bands have six or more members so they can play many different instruments at the same time. A few bands also use keyboards to make the sound of folk instruments. Lyrics in folk metal are normally about nature, fantasy, mythology and history.
Ensiferum

**Ensiferum** is a folk metal band from Helsinki, Finland. The name comes from the Latin word *ensĭfĕrum* which means "sword bearer". (someone who carries a sword) The members of the band call their music "heroic folk metal." Ensiferum has made four albums, one EP, one compilation, three singles, and three demo albums.

## Musical style
Ensiferum's music has  vocals. They are normally mixed with clean vocals for choruses and bridges. The band often plays Metal and folk tunes on lead guitar or keyboard with heavier traditional heavy metal sounds such as gallop rhythm. It is common for them to use acoustic guitar at the start of songs. Their lyrics often deal with fantastical, or historic stories. These stories usually have heroic themes.

## Albums
* Ensiferum  (2001)
* Iron  (2004)
* Victory Songs  (2007)
* From Afar  (2009)
* Unsung Heroes  (2012)
* One Man Army  (2015)
* Two Paths  (2017)
* Thalassic (2020)
* Winter Storm (2024)

## References
Syncope

**Syncope** is the medical term for **fainting** or **blacking out**. It is a sudden loss of consciousness, usually for a short time. It is mostly because there is not enough oxygen in the brain. It can be for other reasons. 

Fainting is quite common. It usually happens in two age ranges: the teenage years, and during older age. The chance of a person fainting at least once in a lifetime is about 40 to 50 percent. Syncope causes 1 to 3 percent of all attendances to emergency departments and 1 to 6 percent of all hospital admissions.

## References
English Opening

The **English Opening**, usually just called *the English*, is a chess opening for White. It has become the third most popular opening move, after 1.e4 and 1.d4. The opening was developed by the English master Howard Staunton and played in his match against Saint-Amant.p124

* 1. c4
As a first move, this may transpose into a Queen's Pawn Game: 1.c4 Nf6 2.d4. That would not be the English opening. The English is a flexible system that includes some or all of these moves:
# Nc3
# Bishop fianchettoed on g2
# Nf3 or Ne2
# 0-0
# d3
# Rb1 followed by b2-b4-b5

* Variation 1.
1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 g6 3.g3 Bg7 4.Bg2 0-0 5.d3 d6 6.Nf3 e5 7.0-0 Nc6 8.Rb1 a5 9.a3 h6 10.b4 axb4 11.axb4 Be6 12.b5 This sequence shows the system fully in operation. White operates in the centre and Q-side; Black operates more on the K-side.

* Variation 2.
1.c4 e5 2.g3 Nf6 3.Bg2 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.d3 This has the character of a Sicilian defence reversed.

* Variation 3. 
1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 d5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.e5 Here 5...d4, 5...Ne4 and 5...Nfd7 are most often played. This is a quite different line, where the two sides clash early in the centre. Since White does not have to play 3.e4, he could avoid this line.

Each of these lines has its own distinct character, and needs to be learnt by the player.

## References
Sebastián Pardo

**Sebastián Pardo** (born 1 January 1982) is a former Chilean football player. He has played for the Chilean national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="4"|Universidad Chile||rowspan="4"|Primera División||4||0
|-
|2000||14||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||14||2

|-
|2002–03||rowspan="5"|Feyenoord Rotterdam||rowspan="5"|Eredivisie||18||3
|-
|2003–04||15||2
|-
|2004–05||6||0
|-
|2005–06||21||5
|-
|2006–07||10||0
|-
|2007–08||Excelsior||Eredivisie||18||1

|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Universidad Chile||rowspan="2"|Primera División||7||1
|-
|2009||8||0
57||3
87||11
144||14
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
Ovidiu Burcă

**Ovidiu Burcă** (born 16 March 1980) is a Romanian football player. He plays for Energie Cottbus.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1999||Emelec||Serie A||6||0

|-
|2000||JEF United Ichihara||J. League 1||4||0
|-
|2000||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||16||1

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Universitatea Craiova||rowspan="2"|Divizia A||6||0
|-
|2001/02||19||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Dinamo Bucureşti||rowspan="3"|Divizia A||12||0
|-
|2003/04||21||0
|-
|2004/05||13||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Naţional Bucureşti||Divizia A||22||1
|-
|2006/07||Liga I||17||1

|-
|2007/08||Energie Cottbus||Bundesliga||0||0
|-
|2008||Beijing Guoan||Super League||15||1
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Energie Cottbus||Bundesliga||7||0
|-
|2009/10||2. Bundesliga||||
6||0
20||1
110||2
7||0
15||1
158||4
|}

## References
*Energie Cottbus
Jussiê

**Jussiê Ferreira Vieira** (born 19 September 1983) is a Brazilian former football player. He plays for Girondins Bordeaux.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**Cruzeiro**
*Campeonato Mineiro: 2003, 2004

**Lens**
*UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2005

**Bordeaux**
*Ligue 1: 2009
*Coupe de la Ligue: 2007, 2009
*Trophée des Champions: 2009

## References
*Girondins Bordeaux
Oh Jang-eun

**Oh Jang-Eun** (born 24 July 1985) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Tokyo||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2003||4||0||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|2004||7||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0

|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Daegu||rowspan="2"|K-League||16||3||1||1||7||0||colspan="2"|-||24||4
|-
|2006||24||6||2||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||34||6
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Ulsan Hyundai||rowspan="4"|K-League||17||0||3||1||7||0||colspan="2"|-||27||1
|-
|2008||24||2||3||1||9||0||colspan="2"|-||36||3
|-
|2009||22||4||0||0||4||0||4||2||30||6
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
13||0||1||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
103||15||9||3||35||0||4||2||151||20
116||15||10||3||43||0||4||2||173||20
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||5||0
|-
|2008||3||0
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||10||0
|}

## References
Caíco

**Caíco** (born 15 May 1974) is a Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|1996||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||13||1||0||0||11||3||24||4
13||1||0||0||11||3||24||4
13||1||0||0||11||3||24||4
|}
Argélico Fuchs

**Argélico Fuchs**, previously **Argélico Fucks**, (born 14 September 1974) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1993||rowspan="3"|Internacional||rowspan="3"|Série A||4||0
|-
|1994||22||2
|-
|1995||16||1

|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||14||0
|-
|1997||18||0

|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Santos||rowspan="2"|Série A||21||2
|-
|1999||0||0

|-
|1999/00||Porto||Portuguese Liga||5||1

|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Palmeiras||rowspan="2"|Série A||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Benfica||rowspan="4"|Portuguese Liga||22||2
|-
|2002/03||28||2
|-
|2003/04||19||1
|-
|2004/05||19||1

|-
|2004/05||Racing Santander||La Liga||2||0

|-
|2005||Cruzeiro||Série A||10||0
|-
|2006||Ulbra||Série C||0||0

|-
|2007||Hangzhou Greentown||Super League||22||1
73||5
32||0
93||7
2||0
22||1
222||13
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
Henrique (footballer, born 1966)

**Henrique Arlindo Etges** (born 15 March 1966) is a Brazilian former professional football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1998||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||20||0||0||0||3||0||23||0
20||0||0||0||3||0||23||0
20||0||0||0||3||0||23||0
|}

## References
Moacir Rodrigues Santos

**Moacir Rodrigues Santos** (21 March 1970 – 20 July 2024) was a Brazilian professional football player. He played for Brazil's national team.

## Club statistics
## National team statistics
## References
Emerson Orlando de Melo

**Emerson Orlando de Melo** (born 2 March 1973) is a former Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2001||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||7||0||3||0||0||0||10||0
7||0||3||0||0||0||10||0
7||0||3||0||0||0||10||0
Claudio Ubeda

**Claudio Ubeda** (born 17 September 1969) is a former Argentinian football player.

## Club statistics
## Honours
;Racing Club
*Argentine Primera División (1): Apertura 2001

## Other websites
*
* Ubeda's official website
* Argentine Primera statistics
Christoffer Andersson

**Christoffer Andersson** (born 22 October 1978) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Helsingborg.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="2"|Nybro||||15||0
|-
|1996||||21||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="7"|Helsingborg||rowspan="7"|Allsvenskan||1||0
|-
|1998||23||1
|-
|1999||25||0
|-
|2000||24||1
|-
|2001||23||2
|-
|2002||26||5
|-
|2003||26||2

|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Lillestrøm||rowspan="3"|Tippeligaen||26||2
|-
|2005||26||1
|-
|2006||11||0

|-
|2006/07||Hannover||Bundesliga||7||0

|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Helsingborg||rowspan="4"|Allsvenskan||15||2
|-
|2008||28||9
|-
|2009||28||5
|-
|2010||||
255||27
63||3
7||0
325||30
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||5||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||3||0
|-
|2006||3||0
|-
!Total||24||0
|}

## References
CONCACAF

**The Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football** often referred to as just **CONCACAF**, is the organization that controls North, Central, and Caribbean football.

## Related pages
* CONCACAF Gold Cup
* CONCACAF Champions' Cup

## Other websites 
* CONCACAF homepage
Shōan

was a  after *Einin* and before *Kengen*.  The period started in April 1299 and ended in November 1302. During this time, the emperors were  and .
 
## Events of the *Shōan* era
* **1301** (*Shōan 3, 1st month*): In the 5th year of Go-Fushimi's reign, the emperor abdicated; and the throne passed to a cousin who would become known as Emperor Go-Nijō.
* **1301** (*Shōan 3*): Hōjō Sadatoki gave up his position as  for the shogun of the Kamakura shogunate.  He became a Buddhist monk.

## Related pages 
* Kamakura period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"
Kengen

, also known as *Kangen* or ''Ken'ei,* was a  after *Shōan* and before *Kagen.*  This period started in November 1302 and ended in August 1303. During this time, the emperor  was .

## Events of the *Kengen* era
* **1302** (*Kengen 1*):  The central structure of Shin-Yakushi-ji Buddhist temple complex was repaired during the Kengen Era.  It is one of the oldest wooden buildings in Japan.  It still has some of its original woodwork from its 8th century construction.
* **1302** (*Kengen 1, 6th month*):  Emperor Go-Nijō made a formal visit to the retirement home of his grandfather, the former Emperor Kameyama.  Late the same night, Kameyama sent a poem to his grandson in the Imperial palace. Emperor Go-Nijō responded with a poem:

::English translation
::When I raised my eyes
::unable to bear the thought
::of saying goodbye,
::the moon had hidden its light
::in the realm above the clouds.

::*Romaji* transliteration
::*shitawaruru*
::*nagori ni taezu*
::*tsuki o mireba*
::*kumo no ue ni zo*
::*kage wa narinuru*

:

::Beyond numbering
::will be the occasions
::when we two will meet
::for you are surely destined
::to live a thousand years.

::*kimi wa yoshi*
::*chitose no yawai*
::*tameotereba*
::*aimin koto no*
::*kazu mo shirarezu''

: 

## Related pages 
* Kamakura period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"
Goran Rubil

**Goran Rubil** (born 9 March 1981) is a Croatian football player. He plays for Hajduk Split.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Nantes Atlantique||rowspan="3"|Division 1||2||0
|-
|2000/01||1||0
|-
|2001/02||2||0
|-
|2002/03||Ligue 1||5||0
|-
|2003/04||Stade Lavallois Mayenne||Ligue 2||8||1
|-
|2004/05||Nantes Atlantique||Ligue 1||1||0

|-
|2005||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 2||11||0

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Rijeka||rowspan="2"|Prva HNL||4||0
|-
|2006/07||10||1
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Hajduk Split||rowspan="4"|Prva HNL||9||0
|-
|2007/08||27||3
|-
|2008/09||15||1
|-
|2009/10||||
19||1
11||0
65||5
95||6
|}

## References
*Hajduk Split
Jimmy Connors

**James Scott "Jimmy" Connors** (born September 2, 1952, in East St. Louis, Illinois, also known as **"Jimbo"**) is an American retired tennis player. He was the World No. 1 tennis player. He won the Australian Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. He was coached by Pancho Segura.

## References
Kagen

was a  after *Kengen* and before *Tokuji.*  This period started in August 1303 and ended in December 1306. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the *Kagen* era
* **1304** (*Kagen 2, 16th day of the 7th month*):  Former Emperor Go-Fukakusa died.
* **1305** (*Kagen 3, 15th day of the 9th month*):  Former Emperor Kameyama died.
* **1305** (*Kagen 3*): Ashikaga Takauji was born.  He would grow to become the founder and first shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate.

## Related pages 
* Kamakura period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library,  "The Japanese Calendar"
Westport, Connecticut

**Westport** is a town in South Western Connecticut, United States. According to the 2020 United States Census, 27,141 people lived there.

## References
Wofford College

**Wofford College** is a liberal arts college in Spartanburg, South Carolina and currently has about 1,500 students. Wofford's motto is "*Intaminatis fulget honoribus*" which means in English ("*She shines with untarnished honor*"). Wofford's mascot is the terrier and their colors are old gold and black.

## Websites 
*Wofford College
Net

**Net** can refer to:
* Fishing net, a net used for fishing

In **computing** and **communications**, it can also refer to
* Network
* Computer network
* Internet
Enkyō (Kamakura period)

, also known as *Enkei* or *Enkyū*, was a  after *Tokuji* and before *Ōchō.*  This period started in October 1308 and ended in April 1311.  During this time, the emperor was .

The *nengō* *Enkyō* means "Becoming Prolonged" because of the tail of the great comet which was seen in the night sky of 1308.

## Events of the *Enkyō* era 
Retired former-Emperor Fushimi administered the court up through the time he took the tonsure as a Buddhist monk, which happened after this *nengō* ended.
* **1308** (*Enkyō 1*): After the death of Emperor Go-Nijō, the throne passed to a cousin who would come to be known as Emperor Hanazono.  The new emperor was 12 years old.
* **1310** (*Enkyō 3, 11th month*):  Hōjō Sadafusa died; and Hōjō Tokiatsu was named to take his place as Kyoto representative of the military government in Kamakura.

## Related pages 
* Kamakura period
* Enkyō (Edo period), 1744-1748

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"
Preparatory school

A **preparatory school** (or *prep school*) is a term in school education. Its use varies in different parts of the world.
*In the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries, it is a fee-paying private school which prepares students for the entrance exam to public schools. Such schools take children at 11, who may go to public schools at 14 years of age. This is in contrast to the state school system, where children go from primary school to secondary school at 11 years of age. Many public schools now run their own prep schools, and some have entry at 11 rather than 14.
*In the United States it is a private school which prepares students for college.  For example, Village School (Great Neck, New York) is a preparatory school.
Carlos Alberto Dias

**Carlos Alberto Costa Dias** (born 5 May 1967) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1988||rowspan="2"|Coritiba||rowspan="2"|Série A||12||3
|-
|1989||8||4
|-
|1990||rowspan="3"|Botafogo||rowspan="3"|Série A||17||0
|-
|1991||13||1
|-
|1992||23||4
|-
|1993||Vasco da Gama||Série A||0||0
|-
|1993||Grêmio||Série A||4||2
|-
|1994||Paraná||Série A||15||5

|-
|1995||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||32||17

|-
|1996||Paraná||Série A||8||1

|-
|1997||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||10||3

|-
|1998||Coritiba||Série A||3||0
|-
|1999||Paraná||Série A||10||0
113||20
42||20
155||40
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|1992||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## References
OR gate

The **OR gate** is a logic gate that outputs 1 (true) when at least one of its inputs is 1 (true). That means that if both of its inputs are 0, the output will be 0.

The best way to remember an OR operation is "one or the other, or both."

## Symbols 
There are three symbols for the OR gate:
XOR gate

The **XOR gate** (**Exclusive OR**) is a logic gate that outputs 1 (true) when exactly one of its inputs is 1 (true). That means that if both of its inputs are the same, the output will be 0 (false). The XOR gate does what is called an exclusive disjunction in logic.

## Symbols 
There are three symbols for the XOR gate:
Tokuji

was a  after *Kagen* and before *Enkyō.*  This period started in December 1306 and ended in October 1308. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the *Tokuji* era 
* **10 September 1308** (*Tokuji 3, 8th month*): In the 8th year of Go-Nijo's reign, the emperor died at age 24; and the throne passed to his cousin, who would come to be known as Emperor Hanazono.
* **1308** (*Tokuji 3, 10th month*): The nengō was changed to Enkyō to mark the start of the reign of Emperor Hanazono.

## Related pages 
* Kamakura period

## References 
## Other websites 
* National Diet Library,  "The Japanese Calendar"
Hollywood Undead

**Hollywood Undead** is a rap rock band from Los Angeles, California. They became a band in 2005 when members Aron Erlichman (Deuce) and Jorel Decker (J-Dog) released the song "The Kids" on their MySpace account. Their first album *Swan Songs* was released in 2008 and became a hit claiming Gold in the United States. 

## Members
### Current members
*Charlie Scene – vocals, lead guitar (2005–present)
*Funny Man – vocals (2005–present)
*J-Dog – keyboard, synthesizer, vocals, rhythm guitar (2005–present)
*Johnny 3 Tears  – vocals (2005–present)
*Danny - Vocals

### Former members
*Shady Jeff — vocals, band manager (2005–2007)
*Deuce — vocals, producer, lyrics (2005–2010)
*Da Kurlzz — vocals, drums, percussions (2005–2017) 

## Albums 
Studio albums:
* *Swan Songs* (2008)
* *American Tragedy* (2011)
* *Notes from the Underground* (2013)
* *Day of the Dead* (2015)
* Five (2017)
* New Empire vol 1 (2020), Vol 2 (2020)
* Hotel Kalifornia (2022)

## Other websites
* Official website
Income tax

Taxes that are based on how much money a person earns are called **income taxes**.  There are many other sorts of taxes on businesses and property.

Now most countries have some sort of income tax. It is usually only for people who live in the country.   How it is done varies a great deal both between countries and over time.  Income tax can only work in a money economy, with reasonably accurate accounts and in an orderly society with reliable records.  Income tax is generally worked out a percentage of a persons income. There may be an amount of income which is not taxed.  The rate may be higher for people who have income above a set amount. It is usually worked out on a yearly basis.  

For people who are employed the income tax is generally taken out of their pay by their employer who pays it to the government.  People who run their own business have to produce accounts.

## History 
 introduced a progressive income tax in 1798.]]
The first modern income tax was started in  1799  in Great Britain by Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger in his budget of December 1798, to pay for weapons and equipment for the French Revolutionary War. Pitt's  income tax began at  2 old pence in the pound () on incomes over £60 (worth about £5,500 in ),  up to 2 shillings in the pound (10%) on incomes of over £200. Pitt hoped that the new income tax would raise £10 million a year, but in1799 it only raised a little over £6 million.

## References
## Related pages
*Redistribution of income and wealth
Erik Edman

**Erik Edman** (born 11 November 1978) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Helsingborg and the Swedish national team.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Helsingborg||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||24||0
|-
|1998||25||0
|-
|1999||12||1

|-
|1999/00||Torino||Serie A||0||0

|-
|1999/00||Karlsruhe||2. Bundesliga||8||0

|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|AIK Solna||rowspan="2"|Allsvenskan||8||0
|-
|2001||13||0

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Heerenveen||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||33||1
|-
|2002/03||30||0
|-
|2003/04||28||0

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="2"|Premier League||28||1
|-
|2005/06||3||0

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Stade Rennais||rowspan="3"|Ligue 1||26||0
|-
|2006/07||30||0
|-
|2007/08||12||0

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Wigan Athletic||rowspan="3"|Premier League||5||0
|-
|2008/09||2||0
|-
|2009/10||3||0

|-
|2010||Helsingborg||Allsvenskan||||
82||1
0||0
8||0
91||1
41||1
68||0
290||3
|}

## International career statistics
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
|2003||9||0
|-
|2004||11||0
|-
|2005||7||1
|-
|2006||12||0
|-
|2007||9||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
!Total||57||1
|}

## References
Magnus Hedman

**Magnus Hedman** (born 19 March 1973) is a former Swedish football player. He has played for the Sweden national team.

## Club career statistics
### Club
|-
|1990||rowspan="8"|AIK Solna||rowspan="8"|Allsvenskan||2||0
|-
|1991||2||0
|-
|1992||7||0
|-
|1993||26||0
|-
|1994||26||0
|-
|1995||25||0
|-
|1996||26||0
|-
|1997||13||0

|-
|1997–98||rowspan="5"|Coventry City||rowspan="4"|Premier League||14||0
|-
|1998–99||36||0
|-
|1999–00||35||0
|-
|2000–01||15||0
|-
|2001–02||First Division||34||0

|-
|2002–03||rowspan="2"|Celtic||rowspan="2"|Premier League||8||0
|-
|2003–04||12||0

|-
|2003–04||Ancona||Serie A||3||0

|-
|2004–05||Celtic||Premier League||6||0

|-
|2006–07||Chelsea||Premier League||0||0
127||0
134||0
26||0
3||0
290||0
|}

### International 
## Honours 
**AIK**
* Allsvenskan: 1992
* Svenska Cupen: 1995–96,
* Guldbollen: 2000

## Notes
## References
Takashi Umeda

**Takashi Umeda** (born 30 May 1976) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Oita Trinita.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Seino Transportation||rowspan="3"|Football League||13||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|1996||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1997||29||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||31||2
|-
|1998||Oita Trinity||Football League||22||2||3||2||colspan="2"|-||25||4
|-
|1999||rowspan="9"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||28||1||3||0||4||0||35||1
|-
|2000||12||1||2||0||1||0||15||1
|-
|2001||23||3||3||1||1||0||27||4
|-
|2002||14||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||30||2||1||0||1||0||32||2
|-
|2004||25||0||2||0||5||0||32||0
|-
|2005||29||3||2||0||4||0||35||3
|-
|2006||22||0||2||0||3||0||27||0
|-
|2007||11||0||1||0||3||0||15||0
|-
|2008||Gifu||J. League 2||39||5||2||0||colspan="2"|-||41||5
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Oita Trinita||J. League 1||4||0||1||0||4||1||9||1
|-
|2010||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
303||21||27||3||26||1||356||25
303||21||27||3||26||1||356||25
|}

## References
*Oita Trinita
Yohei Fukumoto

is a Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||7||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2006||14||0||0||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2007||11||0||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2008||Gamba Osaka||J. League 1||5||0||0||0||1||0||2||0||8||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara Chiba ||J. League 1||17||0||3||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|-
|2010||J. League 2||||||||||||||||||||
54||0||5||0||11||0||2||0||72||0
54||0||5||0||11||0||2||0||72||0
|}

## References
Ōchō

was a  after *Enkyō* and before *Shōwa.*  This period started in April 1311 and ended in February 1312. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the *Ōchō* era
Retired former-Emperor Fushimi administered the court up through the time he took the tonsure as a Buddhist monk, which happened after this *nengō* ended.
 
* **1311** (*Ōchō 1, 1st month*): Emperor Hanazono  in his coming of age ceremony.

## Related pages 
* Kamakura period

## References
## Other websites
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"
Ludovic Magnin

**Ludovic Magnin** (born 20 April 1979) is a former  Swiss football player. He played as a left-back for the Switzerland national team, Yverdon Sport, FC Lugano, Werder Bremen, VfB Stuttgart, and FC Zürich. He is now manager of FC Basel in the Austrian Bundesliga.

## Career statistics
### Club
|-
|1997–98||rowspan="3"|Yverdon-Sport||rowspan="2"|Nationalliga B||27||0
|-
|1998–99||34||0
|-
|1999–2000||Nationalliga A||35||2
|-
|2000–01||rowspan="2"|Lugano||rowspan="2"|Nationalliga A||28||0
|-
|2001–02||19||0

|-
|2001–02||rowspan="4"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||4||0
|-
|2002–03||12||1
|-
|2003–04||4||0
|-
|2004–05||25||3
|-
|2005–06||rowspan="5"|Stuttgart||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||25||1
|-
|2006–07||22||1
|-
|2007–08||27||0
|-
|2008–09||23||0
|-
|2009–10||6||0

|-
|2009–10||Zürich||Super League||||
143||2
148||6
291||8
|}

### International
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||6||1
|-
|2003||2||0
|-
|2004||7||0
|-
|2005||9||1
|-
|2006||11||0
|-
|2007||10||1
|-
|2008||8||0
|-
|2009||5||0
|-
!Total||62||3
|}

## References
Marcelo Chamusca

**Marcelo Chamusca** (born 7 October 1966) is a Brazilian football manager. His brother is Péricles Chamusca. From 2004 until 2009, he was a coach at the club Péricles Chamusca managed (São Caetano, Goiás, Botafogo, Oita Trinita).

## Honours
### Player
; Bahia
* Campeonato Baiano U-17: 1985, 1986
* Campeonato Baiano: 1987, 1988

### Manager
; Fortaleza
* Campeonato Cearense: 2015

; Paysandu
* Campeonato Paraense: 2017

; Ceará
* Campeonato Cearense: 2018

; Cuiabá
* Copa Verde: 2019

## References
*Oita Trinita
Claiton (footballer, born 1978)

**Claiton Alberto Fontoura dos Santos**, (born 25 January 1978) better known as **Claiton**, is a Brazilian football manager and former player who played as a midfielder.

## Club statistics
## Honours
;Internacional
*Rio Grande do Sul State Championship: 1997, 2002, 2003

;Vitória
*Bahia State Championship: 2000

;Bahia
*Bahia State Championship: 2001
*Nordeste Cup: 2001

;Santos
*Brazilian League: 2004

;Flamengo
*Guanabara Cup: 2007
*Rio de Janeiro State Championship: 2007

## Other websites
*
* furacao 
* CBF 
* zerpzero.pt 
* globoesporte 
* sambafoot
Mikkel Kessler

**Mikkel Kessler** (born March 1, 1979 in Copenhagen) is a Danish professional boxer. His nickname is *The Viking Warrior*. Kessler won the WBA Super Middleweight regular title on June 21, 2008, beating Dimitri Sartison by a 12th round knockout. Kessler defended his title against Danilo Häussler, on October 25, and against Gusmyl Perdomo on 12 September 2009. On November 21, 2009 Kessler lost his championship to Andre Ward in the Super Six World Boxing Classic tournament. Kessler's next fight will be against Carl Froch.

## Other websites
* Mikkel Kessler Fight-by-Fight Career Record 
* Mikkel Kessler - The Viking Warrior official page
Line-item veto

A **line-item veto** is the power of the president (or any leader of an executive branch) to reject (veto) certain individual parts ("line items") of a piece of legislation (a bill) without rejecting the whole thing.

In the United States, almost all governors (leaders of the U.S. states) are able to use the line item veto.  Currently, the President of the United States is not able to use the line-item veto; however, the Presidents of Brazil and Belarus can. President Bill Clinton was given the line-item veto by the United States Congress for a few years until the Supreme Court said that it was unconstitutional.

People who like the line-item veto say that it is good because it allows the President to remove unimportant waste from important legislation.  For example, it would be too dangerous to completely veto big pieces of legislation (like the budget for the military or the budget for other government departments), but with the line-item veto, the President could choose to keep what he or she thinks are the good parts of the bill and reject the bad parts of the bill.

People who do not like the line-item veto say that it is bad because it gives the President too much power over Congress and believe that it goes against the checks and balances created by the U.S. Constitution.  Other criticisms include the possibility that the president's individual vetoes of line items make the bill different than what Congress voted for.

## Related pages
* Veto
Július Bielik

**Július Bielik** (born 8 March 1962) is a former Slovak football player. He has played for Czechoslovakia national team.

## Career statistics
### Club career statistics
|-
|1979–80||rowspan="3"|Spartak Trnava||rowspan="3"|First League||0||0
|-
|1980–81||27||2
|-
|1981–82||30||0
|-
|1982–83||rowspan="9"|Sparta Prague||rowspan="9"|First League||18||0
|-
|1983–84||28||0
|-
|1984–85||29||1
|-
|1985–86||29||2
|-
|1986–87||30||0
|-
|1987–88||28||0
|-
|1988–89||30||1
|-
|1989–90||31||1
|-
|1990–91||24||2

|-
|1991–92||Mazda||JSL Division 1||20||1
|-
|1992||Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 1||colspan="2"|-

|-
|1994–95||rowspan="2"|Union Cheb||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||28||3
|-
|1995–96||8||0
|-
|1995–96||rowspan="2"|Hradec Králové||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||11||0
|-
|1996–97||7||0
304||9
20||1
54||3
378||13
|}

### International career statistics
|-
|1983||1||0
|-
|1984||0||0
|-
|1985||0||0
|-
|1986||0||0
|-
|1987||2||0
|-
|1988||6||0
|-
|1989||3||0
|-
|1990||6||0
|-
!Total||18||0
|}

## References
Tigran Petrosian

**Tigran Petrosian**  (Tbilisi, Georgia, 17 June 1929 – Moscow, 13 August 1984) was World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was born to Armenian parents, and brought up in the capital of Armenia, Yerevan.p103 Before his chess career, he was a street cleaner.

Petrosian got the USSR national master title in 1947, and his chess improved rapidly when he moved to Moscow that year. By coming second in the 1951 USSR championship he qualified for the FIDE Interzonal tournament in Stockholm next year. There, he qualified for the World Championship Candidates tournament in Zurich 1953. He came fifth, and was awarded the title of International Grandmaster.p299

Years followed when he made no visible progress, and others had the chance to challenge for the world title. Vasily Smyslov and Mikhail Tal both won the world title, yet lost it back to Botvinnik in return matches. At last, in 1962, Tigran won the Candidates tournament, and became the new challenger to Botvinnik. Petrosian also won the very strong Soviet Championship four times, in 1959 (Tbilisi), 1961 (Moscow), 1969 (Moscow), and 1975 (Yerevan).

## Olympiads 
Petrosian's record in Chess Olympiads was unsurpassed.p156–8

## Style, personality 
Petrosian was one of those players who set out to stifle the opponent's chances before they take action themselves. He was a student of Nimzovich's ideas of prophylaxis. Capablanca was another such player, but his chess was pure and simple. Petrosian's was profound and complex. He has been much admired by grandmasters, but was not so popular with lesser players. Like Capablanca, he was somewhat lazy, and did not strive to win every game. At his peak, he was the best player in the world at  in complex positions, and an outstanding endgame player.p300

## References 
### Other sources 
*Keene, Ray and Simpole, Julian 2009. *Petrosian vs the Elite: 71 victories by the master of manoeuvre 1946–1983*. Batsford, London. 
*Shekhtman Eduard 1991. *The games of Tigran Petrosian*. transl. Kenneth P. Neat, 2 vols, Pergamon, Oxford. All his recorded games, some with annotations.
*Vasiliev, Viktor 1974. *Tigran Petrosian: his life and games*. Batsford.  .