open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Femoral sheath

The **femoral sheath** is a multi-compartmented funnel-shaped wall of muscle fascia in the human leg. At birth it is shorter. It becomes longer when the hips start getting used (where they elongate) as habit. It contains the femoral artery and is entered (perforated) by the genitofemoral nerve (at the femoral branch of the nerve) at the lateral sheath wall. The femoral canal allows the femoral vein to become larger. 

It is wider towards the body. As it gets more narrow towards the end it connects with the vascular adventitia  from the inguinal ligament. The canal is cone-shaped and around 1.25 cm in length. Its proximal (wider) end is called the femoral ring. The ring bounded in front by the inguinal ligament, behind by pectineus and its fascia and the pectineal ligament, medially (towards the middle of the body) by the lateral edge of the crescent-shaped lacunar ligament and laterally by the femoral vein.

It is made of the transversalis fascia, making the extraperitoneal fascia, which is in the shape of a funnel, longer and distal. The medial wall (going towards the middle of the body) slopes lto one side of the body. It is also pierced by lymphatic vessels and the long saphenous vein. Multiple (a lot of) lymph vessels that connect the deep inguinal to the external iliac lymph nodes travel across the femoral septum. It is formed (of transversalis fascia) anterior (in front of) the femoral artery and posterior (behind) the iliac fascia. 

## Compartments 
Like the carotid sheath, the femoral sheath also has to contain connective tissue. In the tissues the vessels are put in, and embedded so that they are stuck as a part of the mass. The femoral sheath can be split, or separated, into three compartments:
* Lateral compartment, for the femoral artery
* Intermediate compartment, for the femoral vein
* A medial compartment, the femoral canal, contains lymph vessels, and lymph nodes in areolar tissue

## References
Dion Rankine

**Dion Joseph Rankine** (born 15 October 2002) is an English professional footballer, he currently plays for Wigan Athletic, a club competing in EFL League One. He is a winger.

## Club career 
In 2023, he joined Chelsea.

In 2023, he joined Exeter City on loan.

In 14 June 2024, He joined Wigan Athletic from Chelsea, signing a three-year contract.

In October 2024, he scored a goal in 20 minutes of match, when match ended, he tied Blackpool as 2-2.

## References
Monazite

of monazite]].
**Monazite** is a mineral and an ore of rare earth elements. Chemically, it is a mixture of phosphates of lanthanide elements and thorium.

## Refining 
Dissolving monazite with sodium hydroxide makes a slurry of metal oxides. Adding hydrochloric acid makes a solution of lanthanide chlorides and a residue containing thorium dioxide. The exact process can vary depending on specific properties of the mineral.

## References
Chief creative officer

A **chief creative officer** (**CCO**) is in charge of the creativity section of a company, typically one involved with entertainment or game development.

## References
Chief technology officer

A **chief technology officer** (**CTO**), also known as a **chief technical officer**, is in charge of a company's technological strategy and investments. It is a senior ranking position in the company, typically below the chief executive officer or chief operating officer.

## References
The United States of America (album)

***The United States of America*** is the only studio album by The United States of America. The album was released on March 6, 1968.

## Track listing
## References
Drag x Drive

***Drag X Drive*** is a 2025 sports video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch 2. The game is similar to wheelchair basketball and the game has 3 players on one team and 3 on the other. The game's main feature is using the Joy-Con 2's mouse mode, where players use motion controls like they are using a wheelchair. 

*Drag x Drive* was one of the first games shown for the Nintendo Switch 2 during a Nintendo Direct. The game released in Summer 2025.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Banasthali Vidyapith

**Banasthali Vidyapith**, also known as **Banasthali University,** is a private women's university located in Tonk district, Rajasthan, India. The university offers programs at the secondary, senior secondary, undergraduate, and postgraduate degree levels. 

## References
Sikar

**Sikar** is a city and municipal council in the Sikar district of the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Sikar district. It is largest city of the Shekhawati region, which consists of Sikar, Churu and Jhunjhunu. After Kota, Sikar is number one coaching hub in the country for competitive examination preparations and has a number of engineering and medical coaching institutes.It is also known as Rajasthan's 'Mini Kota'.
## History 
Sikar had been the biggest Thikana (Estate) of the Jaipur state. Previously Sikar was known as Shekhawati Pradesh. It was the capital of Thikana Sikar. Sikar is surrounded by fortified walls consisting of seven "Pols" (gates). These historic gates are named: Bawari Gate, Fatehpuri Gate, Nani Gate, Surajpole Gate, Dujod Gate Old, Dujod Gate New, and Chandpole Gate. Previously Gaur dynasty ruled this estate but after defeated by Shekhawat Rajputs, shekhawat rajputs becomes rulers of this region. 

## Demographics 
Sikar City had a population of about 237,579 people according to the census of 2011. As per provisional reports of Census India, the population of Sikar in 2011 is 237,579; of which there are approximately 123,156 males and 114,423 females. The sex ratio of Sikar City is 929 females per 1000 males. Regarding education, total literates in Sikar city are 158,413 of which 91,403 are males while 67,010 are females. The average literacy rate of Sikar City is 77.13, male and female literacy status is 86.29 and 67.37, respectively. The total population of children (0–6) in Sikar City is about 32,189, consisting of 17,236 boys and 14,953 girls. The child sex ratio of girls is 868 per 1000 boys.

## Notable persons 
* Bhairon Singh, former vice president of India 
* Dinesh Kumar (chemist), dean at Central University of Gujarat

## References
AQUOS sense4

The **AQUOS sense4** is a mobile phone developed by SHARP and sold by Docomo. It was released on November 12, 2020.

## References
University of Rajasthan

The **University of Rajasthan**, informally known as Rajasthan University (RU, ISO: Rājasthān Viśvavidyālaya), is a public state university located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It was founded in 1947 by an Act of the State Legislative Assembly and is recognised as a prominent institution in the region. Rajasthan University is one of the largest university systems in the state with over 100,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. The Governor of Rajasthan serves as the university chancellor. 

## References
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas

The **Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas** (**PUST**), also known as the ***Angelicum*** or ***Collegio Angelico*** is a pontifical university in the historic center of Rome, Italy. The *Angelicum* is run by the Dominican Order.

## References
Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiclayo

The **Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiclayo ** is a Latin Catholic suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Piura in Peru's northwestern Lambayeque region.

It is also the former diocese of Pope Leo XIV. The current bishop, since 14 February 2024, is Edinson Edgardo Farfán Córdova.

The Diocese of Chiclayo was created on 17 December 1956 as the Diocese of Chiclayo. On 17 April 1963, some of its territory was lost to form the Territorial Prelature of Chota.

## References
REGZA Tablet AT500

The **REGZA Tablet AT500** is a tablet computer that was released on May 26, 2012. It was developed by REGZA.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Mozzetta

wearing a traditional papal mozzetta]]
The **mozzetta** is a short elbow-length outfit with a cape that covers the shoulders and is buttoned over the front chest area. It is worn by some of the clergy of the Catholic Church, among them the pope, cardinals, bishops, abbots, canons and religious superiors. It is sometimes made with satin, silk or ermine material.

## References
Sufar

(125 AD)]]
The **Diocese of Sufar**, is an ancient episcopal seat of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. The location of the seat of the bishopric is now unknown but it could have been somewhere in Algeria. The current titular bishop is Robert P. Reed, who replaced Robert Francis Prevost, now known as Pope Leo XIV, in 2016.

## References
Dicastery for Bishops

The **Dicastery for Bishops**, formerly named **Congregation for Bishops** is the department of the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church that is in charge the selection of most new bishops.

## References
Pontifical Commission for Latin America

The **Pontifical Commission for Latin America** is a department of the Roman Curia that has been charged with giving help to the Catholic Church in Latin America since 1958. The Commission works under the leadership of the Dicastery for Bishops.

Robert Francis Prevost was president of the Commission from April 12, 2023 until his election as Pope Leo XIV on May 8, 2025. 

There are two secretaries, both laypersons: Rodrigo Guerra López and Emilce Cuda, appointed in July 2021 and February 2022, respectively. When appointed, Guerra was the only layperson with the rank of secretary in the Curia; the only layman with a higher rank was Paolo Ruffini, prefect of the Dicastery for Communications. Cuda became one of the few women in senior positions in the Curia.

Pope Pius XII created the Commission as an independent body in the Roman Curia on 19 April 1958. 

## References
Hasmukh Adhia

**Hasmukh Adhia**, IAS (born 3November 1958) is an Indian banker and a retired civil servant. He is one of the key persons behind the architecture and roll-out of the Goods and Services Tax & Demonetization scheme announced in 2016. He is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1981Gujarat cadre batch who served as Finance Secretary and Revenue Secretary of State. He previously served in several capacities for the Indian and Gujarat governments, including as Financial Services Secretary. 

He is the present Chairman of  the boards of State public sector undertakings Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited (GACL) (GACL) and Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Ltd(GMDC), GIFT City,  standing committee of Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar and former Non-Executive Chairman of Bank of Baroda. A week after the government nominated him chairman of state-owned Bank of Baroda where he served till 29 February 2024, he was appointed as the Chancellor of Central University of Gujarat. Also, he serves as Chief Advisor to Gujarat Chief Minister in CMO from 2022 onwards. 

## References
Santa Monica degli Agostiniani

The Chapel of **Santa Monica degli Agostiniani** (*Saint Monica of the Augustinians*) is a 20th-century Augustinian titular church in central Rome. It is south of the Vatican and is dedicated to Saint Monica.

## References
Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano

The **Diocese of Albano** is a Latin suburbicarian see of the Diocese of Rome in Italy. It is made up of seven towns in the Province of Rome. Albano Laziale is on the Appian Way about 15 kilometers from Rome. In the 1720s, catacombs were found here.

## References
2005 World Series

The **2005 World Series** was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2005 season. The 101st edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Chicago White Sox and the National League (NL) champion Houston Astros. 

The White Sox beat the Astros in four games, winning their third World Series championship and their first in 88 years. The series was played between October 22–26, 2005.

## References
Scotland Act 2016

The **Scotland Act 2016** is a UK law that gave more powers to Scotland. It changed the older Scotland Act of 1998. This happened after a report on how to give Scotland more control, following a 2014 independence referendum where Scotland decided to stay in the UK.

The law lets Scotland make more decisions about things like how its own elections work, road rules, energy, abortion, welfare, trains, and taxes. It also says that the Scottish Parliament and Government are now a permanent part of the UK and can only be ended if the people of Scotland vote for it.

## References
Jean Jadot

**Jean Jadot** (23 November 1909 – 21 January 2009) was a Belgian Catholic prelate. He was apostolic delegate to the United States from 1973 to 1980. He also was president of the Secretariat for Non-Christians from 1980 to 1984. He was made a bishop by Cardinal Leo Joseph Suenens on 1 May 1968.

On 27 June 1980, Pope John Paul II made him the Pro-President of the Secretariat of Non-Christians, a role normally given to a cardinal. 

On 19 June 1982, Jadot ordained Robert Francis Prevost for the Augustinians in Rome. Prevost would later be elected as Pope Leo XIV on 8 May 2025.

Jadot died in Woluwe-Saint-Pierre, Belgium on 21 January 2009 at the age of 99.

## References
James Patrick Green

**James Patrick Green** (born May 3, 1950) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church. From 2006 to 2022, he was apostolic nuncio to many Scandinavian countries from 2017 to 2022.

Green is known for officially making Robert F. Prevost, who would later become Pope Leo XIV at the 2025 papal conclave, a bishop.

Pope Francis accepted his resignation from his role as nuncio on April 30, 2022.

## References
Dinesh Kumar

**Dinesh Kumar** may refer to:

*Dinesh Kumar (bowls) (born 1977), Indian international lawn bowler
*Dinesh Kumar (boxer) (born 1988), Indian boxer
*Dinesh Kumar (choreographer) (born 1975), Indian choreographer
*Dinesh Kumar (cyclist), Indian cyclist at events such as 2022 Commonwealth Games
Scotland Act 1998

The **Scotland Act 1998** is a law passed by the UK Parliament. It created the Scottish Parliament, which makes some laws for Scotland and can change some taxes. It also created the Scottish Government.

This law is one of the biggest changes to Scotland's constitutional position since 1707, when Scotland and England joined to become Great Britain.

People in Scotland voted in 1997 to have their own parliament with tax powers. The 1998 Act made this happen.

The Act says what the Scottish Parliament can and cannot make laws about. Things the Scottish Parliament cannot make laws about are called "reserved matters." The UK Parliament can still make laws for Scotland on any issue.

The Act also created the Scottish Executive, which is now called the Scottish Government. It is led by the First Minister.

If there are disagreements about what laws the Scottish Parliament can make, the UK's highest court, the Supreme Court, makes the final decision. The UK government can also stop a Scottish law from going ahead in some cases.

The powers of the Scottish Parliament and Government can be changed over time if both the Scottish and UK Parliaments agree.

The Scotland Act became law on the 17 November 1998. The first Scottish Parliament elections were in May 1999, and the Parliament started working on the 1 July 1999.

## References
Dicastery

A **dicastery** is the name of some departments in the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church.

## Current dicasteries 
As of 2022, there are sixteen dicasteries:

## References
Licentiate of Canon Law

**Licentiate of Canon Law** (**JCL**) is the title of a higher graduate degree with canonical effects in the Roman Catholic Church given by pontifical universities of canon law. Licentiate is the title of a person who holds an academic degree called a licence.

## References
Doctor of Canon Law (Catholic Church)

**Doctor of Canon Law** is the doctoral-level higher degree in the studies of canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.  It can also be an honorary degree awarded by Anglican colleges. It may also be abbreviated **ICD** or **dr.iur.can.**

The Roman Church has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world.

## References
2011 Welsh devolution referendum

A **referendum on powers of the Welsh Assembly** was held in Wales on 3 March 2011. Voters were asked if they wanted the Welsh Assembly to make laws in all the areas it is in charge of. The question was: ‘Do you want the Assembly now to be able to make laws on all matters in the 20 subject areas it has powers for?’

At the time, the Assembly could make some laws (Acts of the Assembly) on its own, but needed approval from Westminster for all others. The rules for the referendum and the powers involved were set out in the Government of Wales Act 2006. The results were announced on 4 March 2011. 

Overall, 63.49% voted 'yes' and 36.51% voted 'no', with 21 out of 22 local areas voting in favour. The voter turnout was 35.2%.

The referendum was not legally binding but allowed the Welsh Government to make an order giving the Welsh Assembly more powers. This order was made on 30 March and started on 5 May 2011, the same day as the Assembly election.

## References
President (corporate title)

A **president**, in corporate terms, is the leader of a company or organisation. The differences between a CEO and president can be varied depending on the type of business they are in charge of.

## References
Central University of Gujarat

**Central University of Gujarat** is a public central research university in Kundhela village, Dabhoi taluka, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, offering courses at undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels. Rama Shanker Dubey is vice-chancellor of Central University of Gujarat.

The university includes 16 schools, 14 academic departments, and 2 other special centres.

## Reference
Khwarazmian-Qara Khitai Conflict

## War
### First invasion
The Karakhanid Chaghrï Khan had been persecuting the Qarluks in his realm, and several Qarluk leaders fled to Khwarazm and sought Il-Arslan's help. He responded by invading the Karakhanid dominions, taking Bukhara and besieging Samarkand, where Chaghrï Khan had taken refuge. The latter appealed to both the Turks of the Syr Darya and the Qara Khitai, and the gurkhan sent an army, but its commander hesitated to enter into conflict with the Khwarazmis. In the end a peace was mediated where Chaghrï Khan was forced to take back the Qarluk leaders and restore them to their former positions.

### Second invasion
The Khwarezm-Shah took Bukhara in 1207, but was defeated by the Qara Khitai at Samarkand. Zhilugu left Samarkand to deal with Kuchlug, but Muhammad II used the opportunity to seize Samarkand, then defeated the Qara Khitai near Talas and gained control of Transoxiana. Muhammad II captured Transoxiana. He pursued expansionist policy and conquered Tashkent and Ferghana He finally destroyed Western Karakhanids in 1212. During 1212 the city of Samarkand revolted killing 8,000–10,000 Khwarazmians living there. Muhammad, in retaliation, sacked the city and executed 10,000 citizens of Samarkand. In August-September 1210, a very fierce battle took place between the Khwarezm Shahs and the Kara-Khitans in the Ilamish plains near Andijan. As a result, the Kara-Khitans were defeated and the commander-in-chief, Tayangu, who was over a hundred years old, was taken prisoner.

## References
Alsodes gargola

The **Tonchek spiny-chest frog**  (*Alsodes gargola*) is a frog.  It lives in Chile and Argentina.

## Home
This frog lives near lakes and streams high on the hills where there are no big trees. Some adult frogs spend the winter on land and some spend it in the water. Scientists have seen the frog between 200 and 2200 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in at least three protected places: Nahuel Huapi National Park, Los Alerces National Park, and Lago Puelo National Park.

## Young
This animal spends 2-4 years swimming as a tadpole before growing legs and becoming a frog. The tadpoles eat dead things.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Trout fish that people brought from other parts of the world can also hurt this frog. Scientists are not sure if the trout have killed enough of them to be a threat.

## First paper
*

## References
IPad Pro (7th generation)

**iPad Pro 7th generation** (also known as **iPad Pro 7** and **iPad Pro M4**) is a tablet computer developed by Apple Inc.. It was released on 15 May 2024. It has two sizes, 11-inch and 13-inch.

## Features 
iPad Pro 7th generation 11-inch has 12MP wide back camera, 12MP face detection, HDR selfie camera, Apple M4 chipset, 11 inch OLED 120hz screen, 10290mAh battery capacity and 8/16GB RAM.

iPad Pro 7th generation 13-inch has 12MP wide back camera, 12MP face detection, HDR selfie camera, Apple M4 chipset, 13 inch OLED 120hz screen, 10290mAh battery capacity and 8/16GB RAM.

## References
Coat of arms of Pope Leo XIV

]]
On 8 May 2025, Pope Leo XIV became the pope. He kept the same coat of arms and motto that he used as a bishop.

## Coat of arms 
The coat of arms shows the Pope’s love for Jesus, Mary, and the Church. It also shows that he is from the Order of Saint Augustine.

### Shield 
The shield has two parts:
* The top part is blue. It has a white lily. The lily means the Virgin Mary.
* The bottom part has a light color. It shows a red heart on a closed book. An arrow goes through the heart. This is from Saint Augustine. He said God’s word touched his heart.

### Motto 
The Latin motto is *In Illo Uno Unum*. It means: "In the One, we are one." It comes from Saint Augustine. It means Christians are one in Jesus Christ.

### Papal symbols 
The coat of arms also has papal signs:
* A mitre (hat),
* Two crossed keys behind the shield.

## Meaning 
The coat of arms shows that Pope Leo XIV wants people to love Jesus, honor Mary, and be one Church. It shows his faith and his Augustinian way of life.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
American Chemical Society

The **American Chemical Society** (**ACS**) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry.  Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all degree levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, and related fields. It is one of the world's largest scientific societies by membership. The ACS is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code. Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., and it has a large concentration of staff in Columbus, Ohio.

The ACS is a leading source of scientific information through its peer-reviewed scientific journals, national conferences, and the Chemical Abstracts Service. Its publications division produces over 80 academic journals including the prestigious *Journal of the American Chemical Society*, as well as the weekly trade magazine *Chemical & Engineering News*. The ACS holds national meetings twice a year covering the complete field of chemistry and also holds smaller conferences concentrating on specific chemical fields or geographic regions. The primary source of income of the ACS is the Chemical Abstracts Service, a provider of chemical databases worldwide.

The ACS has student chapters in virtually every major university in the United States and outside the United States as well. These student chapters mainly focus on volunteering opportunities, career development, and the discussion of student and faculty research. The organization also publishes textbooks, administers several national chemistry awards, provides grants for scientific research, and supports various educational and outreach activities.

The ACS has been criticized for predatory pricing of its products (SciFinder, journals and other publications), for opposing open access publishing, as well as for initiating numerous copyright enforcement litigations despite its non-profit status and its chartered commitment to dissemination of chemical information.

## References
Persepolis W.F.C.

**Persepolis Women Football Club** is a professional football club. It is located in the Tehran, Iran. It plays in the Iran Women's Football League. This is the highest level of women's football in Iran. Persepolis were promoted from the first division league at the end of the 2024–25 season. They train at Azadi Stadium and play at Kazemi Stadium.

## Stadium
In 2024, the Persepolis Women’s Football Club designated Marghoobkar Stadium as its initial home ground. This arrangement lasted until November 2024, when the team relocated its home matches to Derafshifar Stadium. Later, a decision was made to establish Kazemi Stadium as the club’s new permanent home venue, reflecting efforts to enhance facilities for the team.

## References
## Other websites
*
Royal Society of Chemistry

The **Royal Society of Chemistry** (**RSC**) is a learned society and professional association in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemical sciences". It was formed in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, the Faraday Society, and the Society for Analytical Chemistry with a new Royal Charter and the dual role of learned society and professional body. At its inception, the Society had a combined membership of 49,000 in the world.

The headquarters of the Society are at Burlington House, Piccadilly, London. It also has offices in Thomas Graham House in Cambridge (named after Thomas Graham, the first president of the Chemical Society) where *RSC Publishing* is based. The Society has offices in the United States, on the campuses of The University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University, at the University City Science Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in both Beijing and Shanghai, China and in Bangalore, India.

The organisation carries out research, publishes journals, books and databases, as well as hosting conferences, seminars and workshops. It is the professional body for chemistry in the UK, with the ability to award the status of Chartered Chemist (CChem) and, through the Science Council the awards of Chartered Scientist (CSci), Registered Scientist (RSci) and Registered Science Technician (RScTech) to suitably qualified candidates.

The designation FRSC is given to a group of elected Fellows of the society who have made major contributions to chemistry and other interface disciplines such as biological chemistry. Prior to 2006, the names of Fellows were published each year in *The Times* (London). Honorary Fellowship of the Society ("HonFRSC") is awarded for distinguished service in the field of chemistry.

## References
Android Go

**Android Go** is a lighter version of the Android, it runs very fast for lower-end and very cheap smartphones. It was released on 5 December 2017. It works for smartphones with 2GB or less, for smartphones runs Android 15 Go, it works for only 3GB or more. 

Alcatel 1X became the first smartphone to run Android Go, which is released on February 2018. Nokia 1 also became the first Nokia smartphone to run Android Go, which is released on April 2018.

## Apps 
Android Go comes with these apps such as Google Go, Gallery Go, Google Assistant Go, Gmail Go and many others. It also launched Google Camera Go for Android Go smartphones.

On 6 May 2022, YouTube Go will shut down in August 2022.

## Versions 
Android 8.1 Go was released for the first time, it currently available on Android 15.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Local Government Act 2000

The **Local Government Act 2000** is a UK law that changed how local governments in England and Wales work. It aimed to:

* Give local councils more power to improve their local economy, society, and environment.
* Make councils switch from using committees to having a leader (like a mayor) and a cabinet to make decisions. People could vote for the mayor in some areas.
* Separate the roles in councils, so some councillors check the work of the leaders.
* Create rules for how councillors should behave, with a national group to handle complaints.
* Make councils publish how they work.

One big change was letting areas have directly elected mayors. By 2017, most local referenda on this idea failed, and only a few areas chose to have one. Out of 53 referenda only 16 resulted in a directly elected mayor. Other mayors in the UK are mostly for ceremonial purposes. Directly elected mayors are like older types of powerful mayors in Britain and some other European countries.

## References
Kannada News

**Kannada News Today** is a regional news platform based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,   
 which has received a **Regional Award**.   It was founded in March 2019 by journalist Satish Raj Goravigere,    who received the **Media Contribution Award** in 2024  and the **Rajyotsava Honor** in 2023.  

In 2025, **Satish B Gudagenatti**, a former MLA candidate in the 2018 **Karnataka Assembly election** from Belagavi Rural, 

 joined as Senior Editor 

The platform publishes news in the Kannada language and operates alongside its English-language sister site, Timesnib, which covers national and international news. 

It is noted as the first news outlet in Karnataka to introduce AI-based news anchors and use digital innovations in news presentation.    

## Recognition and initiatives
Kannada News Today   has received several recognitions:
* Media Contribution Award (2024) for contributions to digital journalism in Kannada.     

* Rajyotsava Honor (2023) for media work in Karnataka.  

* Excellence in Regional Source Award, given by Janapada Mattu Kreeda Sangha, a cultural organization.  

* The platform started the Sadhana Awards to recognize journalists for community-level reporting in different parts of the state.  

In 2024, it also launched media literacy workshops in rural areas and government colleges, working with educators and journalists to help counter misinformation.   

## Other websites 
* Official website

## References
The World Academy of Sciences

**The World Academy of Sciences** **for the advancement of science in developing countries** (**TWAS**) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting more than 1,400 scientists in some 100 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the *Third World Academy of Sciences*. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy.

## References
Administration (government)

The term **administration**, as used in the context of government, differs according to the jurisdiction under which it operates. In general terms, the administration can be described as a decision-making body.

## Related pages
* Executive (government)

## References
Utah War

The **Utah War**, also known as the **Mormon War** or **Mormon Rebellion**, was an armed conflict between Mormon [settler]]s in Utah Territory and the U.S. government’s armed forces. It lasted from May 1857 to July 1858.

The Mormon religion existed since the 1830s. One of the things they believed in was that a man could legally marry more than one woman. This is known as plural marriage, or polygamy. James Buchanan was the U.S. president at the time. One of the things he wanted to do is to abolish polygamy. Buchanan also learned that the Mormons wanted to split from the United States. They wanted to create an independent country, with Brigham Young as their leader. So, Buchanan replaced Young, by sending Alfred Cumming, as a governor. He didn't tell Young though. Also, Cumming wasn't Mormon. The Mormons killed between 120 and 140  settlers, who were on their way to California. The massacre is known as Mountain Meadows Massacre today.

## References 
*[Allen, James B.; Leonard, Glen M. (1976), The Story of the Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book Co., ISBN 0-87747-594-6]
*[Arrington, Leonard (1985). Brigham Young: American Moses. New York: A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-3945-1022-4.]
Big Lake, Minnesota

**Big Lake** is a city in Sherburne County, Minnesota. The population was 11,686 as of 2020.

## Facts 
In 2019 it was named the safest city to live in. It was the second safest city in 2021.

It was originally called Humboldt until 1867.

It has the tallest structure in Minnesota, the KPXM Tower.

## Population 
## Festival 
Big Lake is known for its yearly festival. The festival celebrates anything potato-related. The festival is also known for its softball tournament. 

## Transportation 
An Amtrak train goes through the town but does not stop. The nearest station is in St. Cloud,  away.

Metro Transit has stations in Big Lake for the Northstar and Green Line.

## References 
## Notes 
* City of Big Lake, MN – Official Website
* Big Lake Public Schools website
City manager

A **city manager** is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city in the council–manager form of city government. Local officials serving in this position are referred to as the chief executive officer (CEO) or chief administrative officer (CAO) in some municipalities.

## Related pages
*Council-manager government

## References 
## Further reading
*Kemp, Roger L. ''Managing America's Cities: A Handbook for Local Government Productivity*, McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC, USA, and London, Eng., UK 1998().
*_______, *Model Government Charters: A City, County, Regional, State, and Federal Handbook*, McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC, USA, and London, Eng., UK, 2003 ()
*_______, *Forms of Local Government: A Handbook on City, County and Regional Options*, McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC, USA, and London, Eng., UK, 2007 ().
* Stillman, Richard Joseph. *The rise of the city manager: A public professional in local government*. (University of New Mexico Press, 1974)
* Weinstein, James. "Organized business and the city commission and manager movements." *Journal of Southern History* (1962): 166–182. in JSTOR
* White, Leonard D. *The city manager* (1927)
* Woodruff, Clinton Rogers (1928). "The City-Manager Plan". *American Journal of Sociology''. **33** (4): 599–613.

## Other websites
*International City/County Management Association, ICMA is the professional and educational organization for chief appointed managers, administrators, and assistants in cities, towns, counties, and regional entities throughout the world. 
*Staunton, Virginia: Birthplace Of City Manager Form Of Government, a history on the city manager system of government.
Bloody Roar II

***Bloody Roar II: The New Breed*** known in Japan and Europe as ***Bloody Roar 2: Bringer of the New Age*** is a fighting game released on PlayStation. It is the second installment from the *Bloody Roar* series.
Flag of Toulouse

The **flag of Toulouse** () is colored red and the coat of arms in the center. The emblem has a diameter of three-quarters the width of the center. The ratio of the flag is 2:3.

## References
Flag of Bayonne

The **flag of Bayonne** () has two horizontal stripes of green and red with the coat of arms of Bayonne. It was adopted 4 May 2021.

## References
Apple A15

The **Apple A15 Bionic** is a microprocessor designed by Apple and manufactured by TSMC and first used in the IPhone 13 smartphone, iPad Mini (6th generation) tablet computer, IPhone SE (3rd generation), the IPhone 14 smartphone. It is also used in the Apple TV. 

## References
Sycamore Gap tree

The **Sycamore Gap tree** was a sycamore maple tree (*Acer pseudoplatanus*) next to Hadrian's Wall in Northumberland, England, United Kingdom. It is locally known as the "Robin Hood Tree" for its use in the 1991 movie *Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves*, which made it one of the most famous trees in the United Kingdom and became famous around the world. A popular tourist attraction, the tree was described as one of the most photographed in the country and the most photographed point in Northumberland. The tree won the 2016 England Tree of the Year award.

It was illegally cut down in the middle of the night by two men in an act of vandalism on 28 Septemper 2023. It was cut all the way through, at its trunk. However, it did not die and has later sprouted from the stump.

In April 2024, Daniel Graham, who ran a business near Carlisle, and Adam Carruthers, a mechanic living in a caravan in Kirkbride, were charged with "criminal damage" to the tree and to Hadrian's Wall.
On 15 May 2024 the two men appeared at court in Newcastle upon Tyne. One entered pleas of not guilty to both charges and the second entered no plea. In June 2024 the second man entered two not guilty pleas. Both men were released on bail. The trial began on 28 April 2025. They were found guily during on 9 May 2025; however.

They were sentenced on 15 July to 4 years and 3 months in prison, along with a 6-month sentence for the damage caused to Hadrian's Wall. They were told that they would be released no later than 40% through their prison sentence and that the time they had already served in detention would also be included.

## References 
## Other websites
The 13th Floor Elevators

**The 13th Floor Elevators** is an American rock band formed in 1965.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators* (1966)
* *Easter Everywhere* (1967)
* *Bull of the Woods* (1969)
Henderson, New York

**Henderson** is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,438 at the 2020 census.

## References
1994-95 Austrian football championship

The **1994-95 Austrian football championship** was organized by the Austrian Football Association. The single-tiered 2nd Bundesliga served as the lower tier of the 1st Bundesliga. The third tier consisted of the Regionalliga Ost (Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland), Mitte (Carinthia, Upper Austria, Styria) and West (Salzburg, Tyrol, Vorarlberg).

VfB Mödling and FC Linz were relegated.  The 1. Bundesliga championship was contested by 10 teams. They met four times throughout the season. Austria Salzburg won the Austrian football championship for the second time in a row. Grazer AK was promoted to the Bundesliga.

Peter Barac (Vorwärts Steyr), Thomas Flögel (FK Austria Wien), Josef Heiling (VfB Mödling), Michael Konsel (Rapid Wien), Walter Kogler (FK Austria Wien) and  Arnold Wetl (Sturm Graz) played all 36 matches for their teams. 

## Final table
## Matches 
## Top scorer

## References
Apple A18

The **Apple A18** and **Apple A18 Pro** are a microprocessor made by Apple. They were manufactured by TSMC. They were announced on 9 September 2024. They were first used by iPhone 16, iPhone 16 Plus, iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max. It also used by iPhone 16e.

## References
Popemobile

in a **Jeep J8** popemobile in Washington, D.C.]]
The **Popemobile** is the glass-enclosed and armored vehicle used by the Pope of the Catholic Church when moving through the crowds.

Currently, it is a modified Mercedes-Benz with a small glass-enclosed rear compartment where the pope sits. However, in the countries he visits, a locally adapted popemobile is usually provided. After the assassination attempt on John Paul II's life in 1981, its windows were bulletproof. However, it has sometimes been driven with the windows down. It is the successor to the old Sedia gestatoria (portable throne).

## History
The first precedent for the popemobile dates back to the short pontificate of John Paul I, who decided not to use the gestational chair, as had been used by his predecessors. 

The first popemobile was a white, open vehicle decorated with the coats of arms of the Dominican Republic and the Holy See and equipped with an awning. It was used by John Paul II in Santo Domingo, from January 25 to 26, 1979, on a stopover during his trip to Mexico. He later used a white Ford D-Series, created in Ireland for the pope's use during his first visit to that country in 1979.
## License
The license plate used by the Popemobile contains the designation SCV1, which stands for Stato della Città del Vaticano (Vatican City State), because the Pope holds the status of head of state. For Pope Francis' visit to Peru in 2018, the Peruvian government created, through Ministerial Resolution No. 018-2018 MTC/01.02, the "pontifical license plate," with a special design while maintaining the official designation.

However, only the SCV1 designation was used on the vehicles used by the Pope in Peru.
## References
## Other websites 
* Popemobile by Thibault Fire Engine
Tennessee's 9th congressional district

'''Tennessee's 9th congressional district''' is a congressional district in West Tennessee. It covers most of Memphis and its inner suburbs. It has been represented by Democrat Steve Cohen since 2007.

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+23, it is the only Democratic district in Tennessee.

## References
Steve Cohen

**Stephen Ira Cohen** (born May 24, 1949) is an American lawyer and politician. He is the U.S. representative from  since 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Cohen is Tennessee's first Jewish congressman. Since 2023, Cohen has been the only Democrat in Tennessee's congressional delegation. Cohen is a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Steve Cohen official U.S. House website
* Steve Cohen for Congress

* Biography at the Jewish Virtual Library
*
Harold Ford Sr.

**Harold Eugene Ford Sr.** (born May 20, 1945) is an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee from 1975 until his retirement in 1997. He was the first African-American to represent Tennessee in the U.S. Congress. His son Harold Jr. successfully ran for his seat.

## References
## Other websites
*
Harold Ford Jr.

**Harold Eugene Ford Jr.** (born May 11, 1970) is an American financial managing director, commentator, author, and former Democratic politician. From 1997 to 2007, he was a member of the United States House of Representatives from . He is the son of former Congressman Harold Ford Sr..

In 2006, Ford unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. Senate. He was also the last chairman of the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC).

Between 2011 and 2017, Ford  worked for Morgan Stanley as a managing director. He also appeared on television such as on NBC's *Meet the Press*, MSNBC, CNN, CNBC.

Ford also wrote a book, *More Davids Than Goliaths: A Political Education*, published in 2010.

In April 2021, Ford joined Fox News as a political commentator. He appears on *Special Report* as a panel member and was named a co-host of *The Five* in January 2022.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website 
*
David Kustoff

**David Frank Kustoff** ( ; born October 8, 1966) is an American politician and attorney. He has been the United States representative from  since 2017. From 2006 to 2008, Kustoff was a United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee.

## References
## Other websites
*Official U.S. House website
*Official campaign website

*
Tennessee's 1st congressional district

'''Tennessee's 1st congressional district''' is the congressional district for northeast Tennessee.

It covers all of Carter, Cocke, Greene, Hamblen, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Sullivan, Unicoi, Washington, and Sevier counties, as well as parts of Jefferson County.

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+29, it is the most Republican district in Tennessee and the third most Republican in the country.

## References
Tennessee's 7th congressional district

The **7th congressional district of Tennessee** is a congressional district located in parts of Middle and West Tennessee. It has represented by Republican Matt Van Epps since 2025. It covers parts of Davidson County (Nashville), Montgomery County (Clarksville), or Williamson County (Franklin).

## References
Tennessee's 8th congressional district

The **8th congressional district of Tennessee** is a congressional district in West Tennessee. It has been represented by Republican David Kustoff since January 2017. It covers parts of Memphis, Germantown, Bartlett, and Collierville, as well as Fayette and Tipton counties. 

## References
Tennessee's 3rd congressional district

The **3rd congressional district of Tennessee** is a congressional district in East Tennessee. It has been represented by Republican Chuck Fleischmann since January 2011. The third district has covered Chattanooga since before the Civil War.

## References
Tennessee's 2nd congressional district

The **2nd congressional district of Tennessee** is a congressional district in East Tennessee. It has been represented by Republican Tim Burchett since January 2019. The district has covered most of Knoxville since 1853. 

## References
Tennessee's 6th congressional district

The **6th congressional district of Tennessee** is a congressional district in Middle Tennessee.
It has been represented by Republican John Rose since January 2019.

## References
Tim Burchett

**Timothy Floyd Burchett** ( ; born August 25, 1964) is an American politician. He has been the U.S. representative for  since 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party. Burchett was mayor of Knox County, Tennessee from 2010 to 2018. He is seen as a possible candidate for Governor of Tennessee in 2026.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Tim Burchett official U.S. House website
*Tim Burchett for Congress
*
*Tim Burchett at Ballotpedia
*Our Campaigns – Mayor Tim Burchett (TN) profile
*Tim Burchett State Senate profile
*
Chuck Fleischmann

**Charles Joseph Fleischmann** ( ; born October 11, 1962) is an American attorney and politician. He has been the U.S. representative for  since 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Chuck Fleischmann official U.S. House website
* Chuck Fleischmann for Congress
* 
* 
;Articles
* "Fleischmann Introduces Bill To Terminate Government Weatherization Program" 
* "Boehner Struggles for Votes"
Andy Ogles

**William Andrew Ogles IV** ( ; born June 18, 1971) is an American politician and businessman. He has been the U.S. representative for Tennessee's 5th congressional district since 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was the mayor of Maury County, Tennessee, from 2018 to 2022.

Ogles has been seen as a far-right conservative. He is against abortion and same-sex marriage. He was one of the original 19 members of Congress to vote against Kevin McCarthy for Speaker of the House. 

He is known as a strong supporter of President Donald Trump. During the attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, Ogles claimed that the election was stolen. He has proposed an amendment that would make Trump able to run for a third term.

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Andy Ogles official U.S. House website
* Andy Ogles for Congress campaign website
* 
*
Virginia's 4th congressional district

'''Virginia's fourth congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in the state of Virginia. It takes up most of Richmond and the North Carolina state line. The district is currently represented by Democrat Jennifer McClellan.

## References
Virginia's 1st congressional district

'''Virginia's first congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in the commonwealth of Virginia. 

The district is sometimes known as "America's First District" since it includes the Historic Triangle of Jamestown,  Williamsburg, and Yorktown. 

The district includes major military installations and has been represented by Republican Rob Wittman since 2007.

## References
Russell Fry

**Russell William Fry** (born January 31, 1985) is an American politician and lawyer. He has been the U.S. representative for South Carolina's 7th congressional district since 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party. Fry was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2015 to 2023. 

## References
## Other websites
* Congressman Russell Fry official U.S. House website
* Russell Fry for Congress campaign website
*
Virginia's 2nd congressional district

'''Virginia's second congressional district''' is a U.S. congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is made up of Accomack, Northampton, and Isle of Wight; all of the independent cities of Virginia Beach, Suffolk, and Franklin; part of the independent city of Chesapeake; and part of Southampton County. 

## References