open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hurricane John (1994)

**Hurricane John** was the longest-lived tropical cyclone ever seen, tracking from the Eastern Pacific to the Western Pacific and crossing back to the Central Pacific for 31 days total.

The precursor to Hurricane John was a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on July 25th. It moved across the unfavorable Atlantic, and reached the Eastern Pacific on August 8th. It slowly organized, and became Tropical Depression 10-E on August 11th, 300 nautical miles south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico. Conditions were not ideal for development, but it developed banding features and well-defined outflow, and managed to strengthen to become Tropical Storm John later that day.

A strong ridge of high pressure over the Northeastern Pacific Ocean forced John westward, where upper level shear kept John a tropical storm as its intensity fluctuated. The shear greatly lessened greatly on the 19th, and John became a hurricane on the 20th. Later that day, it became a major hurricane, and crossed into the Central Pacific shortly thereafter.

Hurricane John continued to strengthen, and reached a peak of 150 knots (175&nbsp;mph winds) on the 23rd, passing 300 nautical miles south of Hawaii. John had posed a threat to the island days before, but the ridge of high pressure pushed John safely south of the island. The hurricane still caused heavy waves and rains, though. During these days, John's intensity was constantly checked by Air Force Reserve aircraft reconnaissance.

John turned more northerly, where it steadily weakened to a minimal hurricane on the 26th. Then, it crossed just north of Johnston Island, where it caused moderate damage. Conditions again favored strengthening, and John re-strengthened to a 135&nbsp;mph Category 4 hurricane, but upper level shear again weakened it. John crossed the International Date Line, and became **Typhoon John**.

The system continued to weaken, becoming a tropical storm on the 31st and a tropical depression on the 2nd while drifting eastward. John looped back to the northwest, and gradually restrengthened. An upper trough pulled the storm to the northeast on the 7th, and re-entered the Central Pacific on the 8th. John became a hurricane again late on the 8th, and retained that intensity for another day. Upper level shear weakened the hurricane to a tropical storm on the 10th, and John became extratropical in the North Central Pacific about a thousand miles south of Unalaska Island. John dissipated later that day, after an unprecedented 31 days at sea.
Hurricane Pauline

**Hurricane Pauline** was a destructive hurricane of the 1997 Pacific hurricane season and one of the deadliest.

Pauline formed in the eastern Pacific on October 6. It strengthened rapidly, reaching category four on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale on the next day. After a brief period of weakening to a category three, it re-intensified back to a category four, moving roughly parallel to the Mexican coast.Pauline then made landfall, slamming into Mexico. Heavy rains and high winds caused damage as the storm skirted the coast.

There were 300-400 deaths, and heavy damage to Acalpulco. The name was retired and replaced by **Patricia** for the 2003 Pacific hurricane season.
Hurricane–Typhoon Paka

**Typhoon Paka**, also known as **Tropical Storm Paka** while in the Central Pacific, or in the Philippines as **Super Typhoon Rubing** was the last tropical cyclone in the 1997 Pacific hurricane and typhoon season, and was among the strongest Pacific typhoons in the month of December. Paka, which is the Hawaiian name for Pat, developed on November 28 from a trough well to the southwest of Hawaii. The storm tracked generally westward for much of its duration, and on December 7 it crossed into the western Pacific Ocean. Much of its track was characterized by fluctuations in intensity, and on December 10 the cyclone attained typhoon status as it crossed the Marshall Islands. On December 16, Paka struck Guam and Rota with winds of 230&nbsp;km/h (145&nbsp;mph), and it strengthened further to reach peak winds on December 18 over open waters. Subsequently, it underwent a steady weakening trend, and on December 23 Paka dissipated.

## Meteorological History 
the southern portion of the inner wall cloud moved across northern Guam. As it tracked through the Rota Channel, the center of Paka passed about 8 km (5.0 mi) north of the northern tip of Guam, its closest approach to the island.

Typhoon Paka continued to steadily intensify after passing the Marianas Islands, and late on 17 December it reached its peak intensity of 185 km/h (115 mph) 10 min sustained) while located 440 km (270 mi) west-northwest of Guam. Early on 18 December, the JTWC assessed it as attaining peak winds of 295 km/h (183 mph) 1 min winds). On 19 December, it entered the area of responsibility of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, or PAGASA, and was named Rubing. Shortly thereafter, Paka moved through an area of progressively increasing wind shear, which resulted in a steady weakening trend. By 21 December, winds decreased to tropical storm status. The next day, it degenerated into a tropical depression before it dissipated on 23 December.

## Impact 
Typhoon Paka first impacted the Marshall Islands, where it dropped heavy rainfall and left $80&nbsp;million in damage (1997&nbsp;USD, $100&nbsp;million 2007&nbsp;USD). Later, it passed just north of Guam, where strong winds destroyed about 1,500&nbsp;buildings and damaged 10,000&nbsp;more; 5,000&nbsp;people were left homeless, and the island experienced a complete power outage following the typhoon. Damage on the island totaled $500&nbsp;million (1997&nbsp;USD, $645&nbsp;million 2007&nbsp;USD), which warranted the retirement of its name. Paka also caused light damage in the Northern Marianas Islands, and overall the storm caused no reported deaths.

## Retirement
Due to the typhoon's impacts on Guam, the World Meteorological Organization later retired the name Paka from future use in the central North Pacific. The name Pama was chosen as its replacement.

## References
Hurricane Linda (1997)

**Hurricane Linda** of 1997 was the strongest hurricane ever Recorded in the east Pacific, until Hurricane Patricia in 2015 with continued winds of 160 knots and gusting to 190 knots, and a central pressure of 902 mbar. It was part of an abnormally active season for both the Eastern and Western Pacific Basins.

Since it was far from land, it did not cause much damage.

## History
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 24th. It moved across the unfavorable Atlantic without development. As it crossed Central America convection increased, and a poorly-defined center developed early on September 9th. Banding and convection increased, and it became a tropical depression that night, 400 nautical miles south of Manzanillo, Mexico.

Tropical Depression 14-E continued northwestward, and became a tropical storm on the 10th. Linda started to intensify more quickly, becoming a hurricane on the 11th 475 nautical miles south-southeast of the southern tip of Baja California. After 30 hours of rapidly intensifying, Linda reached her peak of 160 knots on the 12th, or around 185 M.P.H. winds. That is an increase of 95 knots, and a drop of 85 millibars. Linda moved directly over Socorro Island on the 12th as a Category 5 hurricane, but cooler waters weakened it greatly, dissipating it on the 17th.

## Impact
Linda went over Soccoro Island, doing $3.2 million in damage.

In California, Linda was responsible for 8 deaths and $68 million in damage. Five people drowned in a jetty. Floods caused 3 deaths and mudslides destroyed millions of homes and caused $68 million in damage. The Southwest would get devastated again by Hurricane Nora weeks later.

## Related pages
*1997 Pacific hurricane season

## Other websites
*noaa.gov
Ayutthaya (city)

**Ayutthaya** was the capital of Ayutthaya Kingdom. Its full name is ‘Phra-Na-Khon-Sri-A-Yud-Dha-Ya’. Some people call it ‘Ayudya’. This city was the capital for 417 years. Ayudhaya is at the center of Thailand. It was built at the meeting of the rivers Chao Phraya, Pa Sak and Lopburi. It is like an island city.  This province is Diagnol to Lopburi, Angthong at the north, Pathumthani and Nonthaburi at the south, Saraburi at the east and Suphanburi at the west of Thailand. It is also the place we're the first ever king of Thailand was born.

## References
Nakhon Ratchasima province

**Nakhon Ratchasima Province** () or Khorat or Korat, is the biggest province and the second most populated province of Thailand. Nakhon Ratchasima means ‘big province’. It is in the eastern part of Thailand. It is about 260&nbsp;km from Bangkok. It has forests, walking, education, rivers, sight seeing, foods, ancient cultures and tradition. There are local handicrafts for sale.

Nakhon Ratchasima covers an area of about 20494 square kilometers with 25 districts:
* Pak Chong
* Sikhio
* Sung Noen
* Kham Thale So
* Dan Khun Thot
* Non Thai
* Non Sung
* Kham Sakaesaeng
* Phimai
* Khong
* Non Daeng
* Prathai
* Chum Phuang
* Bua Yai
* Kaeng Sanam Nang
* Ban Lueam
* Chakkarat
* Huai Thalaeng
* Pak Thong Chai
* Chok Chai
* Khon Buri
* Soeng Sang
* Nong Bun Mak
* Wang Nam Khiao
* Chaloem Phra Kiat

and six other small districts.

## Border 
The borders of the province are in the north with Zuma, Chaiyabhum and Khon-Kan, in the south with Nakhon-Nayok and Prajean Buri, in the east with Buriram and in the west with Chaiyabhum and Saraburi.

## Related pages
*Nakhon Ratchasima shooting
*Khorat 

## References
Garuda

of Lord Vishnu]]

The **Garuda** (Sanskrit: **Garuḍa** गरुड, eagle; Pāli Garuḷa) is a large eagle bird that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist history and mythology.

Garuda has a head and wings of an eagle. Sometimes he is depicted as having a human body. He is called the king of birds and he is also the carrier of god Vishnu.

## Legend 
Garuda is also known by the name Vainateya, son of Vinata and Sri Kashyapa Prajapathi. Garuda is separately worshipped on the day of Garuda Panchami, which is the fifth day of the lunar month after Ashasa Amavasya. His brother Anura (Arun) is the charioteer of God Suryanarayana.

## Other websites
Garuda (disambiguation)

**Garuda** may refer to:

*Garuda, a divine bird in Hindu and Buddhist mythology
*Garuda Indonesia, an airline
*Garud Commando Force, an elite special forces unit of the Indian Air Force. 
*The Garuda Valley (*Kyunglung*) south-west of Mount Kailash
**Garuda Blend*, a popular blend of coffee beans from Indonesia sold by Peet's Coffee
*The Garuda 1 satellite

## In fiction
* the comic book *The Transmutation of Ike Garuda*
** Ike Garuda, the comic book's titular character
*Garuda (Chouseishin), the Ultra-Star God of the Fire Tribe in Chouseishin Gransazer.
* a summon and a server name on the popular MMORPG of Final Fantasy XI
* a fictional race of humanoid avians appearing in the novel Perdido Street Station by China Miéville (see Races of Bas-Lag)
*Garuda (film), a Thai giant monster film made in 2004
* a flying mecha in Godzilla vs Mechagodzilla II
* a flying mecha in the anime Zegapain
* a masked professional wrestler, portrayed by Japanese Tomokazu Morita.
* the **name of a fighter** in the Street Fighter EX series of games
* a character in the manga series Genju no seiza by Matsuri Akino
* the name of the fictional Emmerian Air Force 28th Tactical Fighter Squadron in Ace Combat 6: Fires of Liberation
* The name of the character played by actor Vic Morrow (*General Garuda*) in the 1978 Sci-Fi film entitled Message from Space
Post-grunge

**Post-grunge** is a music genre that is strongly influenced by grunge music, a genre that started in Seattle, Washington, United States in the mid-1980s. However, it makes it into a more melodic and radio-friendly sound. Not by a coincidence, it has become very popular on the radio.

## Examples of post-grunge artists
*Default
*Creed
*Foo Fighters
*Matchbox Twenty
*Nickelback
*Kutless
*Story of the Year
*Puddle of Mudd
*Three Days Grace
*Daughtry

## References
Ka (pharaoh)

**Ka**, also **Sekhem Ka**, was a predynastic pharaoh of Upper Egypt.  He ruled over Abydos in the late 32nd or early 31st century BC and was buried at Umm el-Qa'ab. He most likely was the immediate successor to Iry-Hor and was succeeded by Narmer. He is the earliest known Egyptian king with a *serekh,* inscribed on a number of artefacts.

## References
Scorpion II

**Scorpion**, also **King Scorpion** or **Scorpion II** refers to the second of two kings so-named of Upper Egypt during the Protodynastic Period.

## In popular culture
*Scorpion's name was borrowed for the 2002 movie *The Scorpion King*.
*William Golding's novel *The Scorpion God* is loosely based upon this period of Egyptian History.
*A villain named Scorpion claims lineage with the king in the 1997 movie *Legend of the Lost Tomb*.
Iry-Hor

**Iry-Hor** or **Ro** (as read by Petrie) was a Predynastic pharaoh of ancient Egypt, although some archaeologists are doubtful of his existence. He was most likely Ka's immediate predecessor. He ruled over Abydos and was buried in its local cemetery at Umm el-Qa'ab near Ka, Narmer and the First Dynasty kings.

If he existed, he would be the earliest documented person.

## References
Hsekiu

**Hsekiu**, also **Seka**, was a Predynastic ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta. He is mentioned in the Palermo Stone inscriptions among a small number of kings of Lower Egypt 

## References
 | before=Ny-Hor
Scorpion I

**Scorpion I** was a king of  Upper Egypt during the Predynastic Period, or the period before egypt was united. His name may refer to the scorpion goddess Serket.

He is believed to have ruled in Thinis one or two centuries before the rule of the better known King Scorpion *II*.  To him belongs the U-j tomb found in the royal cemetery of Abydos where Thinite kings were buried. 

## In contemporary fiction
*William Golding's novel *The Scorpion God* is loosely based upon this period of Egyptian history.
*The 2001 adventure film *The Mummy Returns* features a fictionalized account of the "Scorpion King" of Egypt, a character who went on to have his own spin-off in the 2002 film, *The Scorpion King*.
Ford Cortina

**Ford Cortina** was a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1962 to 1982. It was named after the Italian ski resort of Cortina d’Ampezzo. From 1970 onwards, it was almost identical to Ford Taunus. It was a very popular and common car in the UK during its time. It was still selling well by the time the Sierra replaced it in 1982, but sales of the remaining stocks of the Cortina continued for a while afterwards.

Image:Ford Cortina Mk 2 Sligo photo 1974.jpg|Second Generation
Image:1972.ford.cortina.mk3.arp.750pix.jpg|Third Generation
Image:Cortinamk4.jpg|Fourth Generation
Image:FordCortina20080125.jpg|Fifth Generation
Tiu (pharaoh)

**Tiu**, also **Teyew** etc., was a ancient Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled in the Nile Delta.  He ruled in the Predynastic period in ancient Egyptian history.  

Tiu is mentioned in the Palermo Stone inscriptions, along with a small number of kings of Lower Egypt. Nothing else is known of his life or what he did while he was Pharaoh.

## References
Gwadar Bay

**Gwadar Bay** is near the maritime border of Pakistan and Iran. The name is from Arabic, *Khalij-e Gavader* or 'Gulf of Gwadar' on Arabian Sea. It is an inlet of the Arabian Sea indenting the sandy Makran coast at the Iran–Pakistan border. It is about 20 miles (32&nbsp;km) long and 10 miles (16&nbsp;km) wide. The Dashtiari River flows into it from the northwest, and the Dasht River from the northeast. The town of Gwadar, Pakistan, is on the Arabian Sea coast about 30 miles (48&nbsp;km) east of Gwadar Bay. It used to be held by the Sultanate of Oman, before being purchased by the Pakistani government.
Huntly, Scotland

**Huntly** () is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, formerly known as **Milton of Strathbogie**. It has a population 4,460 http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/04mid-year-estimates-settlements-table1.pdf  2004 and is the site of Huntly Castle.

Huntly was the home town of the writer George MacDonald. Some of his novels, especially the Robert Falconer and Alec Forbes of Howglen play partly in Huntly, even if the name of the town is changed. So they give a rather good introduction to the life in Huntly in the 19th century.

The local football team is Huntly F.C..

## Other websites 
* Huntly website.
* Huntly at *Undiscovered Scotland*
Ellon, Aberdeenshire

**Ellon** is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, approximately 16 miles north of Aberdeen, lying on the River Ythan (pronounced *eye-than*) which has one of the few undeveloped river estuaries on the eastern coast of Scotland. It is in the ancient region of Formartine.

## Famous people from Ellon
* Paul Sturrock, footballer
* Teddy Scott, footballer, coach and kit man for Aberdeen
* Evelyn Glennie, percussionist

## References 
## Other websites 
* Ellon Tourism Group website 
* Ellon AAC Website
* Ellon Academy website 
* Ellon Webcam, local picture galleries and historic info
Rosehearty

**Rosehearty** (Gaelic: *Ros Abhartaich*), *Rizarty* in the local dialect, is a village in Scotland. It is on the Moray Firth coast, four miles west of the town Fraserburgh, in the county of Aberdeenshire.

The burgh has about 1,300 people, with about 25 per cent of pensionable age. There are two shops and three hotels in the village.

## Other websites
*Community website
*Rosehearty Golf Course
Agriculture in Pakistan

**Pakistan**'s principal natural resources are arable land and water. About 25% of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation, and is watered by one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. 

Agriculture is the back bone of Pakistan's economy. It accounts for 24% of Pakistan's gross domestic product (GDP) and employs half of the labor force, according to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.

## Rankings 
Pakistan ranks fifth in the Muslim world and twentieth worldwide in farm output. 

According to the 2005 Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations and FAOSTAT, Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers and suppliers of several foods: 
* Chickpea (2nd largest producer/supplier in the world)
* Apricot (4th largest)
* Cotton (4th)
* Sugarcane (4th) *(National juice of Pakistan)*
* Milk (5th)
* Onion (5th)
* Date Palm (6th)
* Mango (7th) *(National fruit of Pakistan)*
* Tangerines, mandarin oranges & clementines (8th)
* Rice (8th)
* Wheat (9th)
* Oranges (10th)

## References
Turriff

**Turriff** is a town and parish in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is approximately 166 feet above sea level. It is known locally as **Turra** in the Doric dialect of Scots. The name appears to be Scottish Gaelic in origin, from "*torr*" meaning a mound or round hill, or "*tur*" meaning a tower.

## History 
]]

The Knights Templar appear to have had a base in the area, and a nearby site is still known as "Temple Brae".

Early in 1639, the Marquis of Huntly assembled his forces here, and thereafter went to Kintore in lower Aberdeenshire, eventually marching from there to Aberdeen itself. The Marquis — being informed shortly after his arrival in Aberdeen that a meeting of Covenanters was to be held in Turriff on the fourteenth of February — resolved to disperse them, by occupying the town with 2000 men. The incident was known as the "First raid of Turray".

## Other websites 
* The Turriff and District Tourism Action Group 

## References
Danko Jones

**Danko Jones** is a three-piece hard rock band from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The band consists of Danko Jones (vocals/guitar), JC (also known as John Calabrese) (bass guitar), and Dan Cornelius (drums).

File:W0825-Hellfest2013 DankoJones AtomWillard 70148.JPG|Atom Willard
File:W0824-Hellfest2013 DankoJones AtomWillard DankoJones 70130.JPG|Atom Willard & Danko Jones
File:W0826-Hellfest2013 DankoJones JohnCalabrese 70140.JPG|John Calabrese
Abercrombie & Fitch

**Abercrombie & Fitch** () (A&F) is an American clothing retailer sold as a lifestyle brand. The company has four brands: the Abercrombie & Fitch brand, abercrombie kids, Hollister Co., and Gilly Hicks. The company also had another brand called RUEHL No.925 which closed in January 2010. Stores operate in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Denmark, and Japan. It was founded by David Abercrombie and Ezra H. Fitch. Abercrombie & Fitch was created in 1892. In this year, David Abercrombie opened the first store in New York City.

## References
Abercrombie, Fife

**Abercrombie** (Gaelic: *Obar Chrombaidh*) is a small village in Fife, Scotland. It is around 1 mile north of the village of St Monans, and 10 miles south of the town of St Andrews. Abercrombie was the name of the parish (church district) of St Monans, although both Abercrombie and St Monans had churches.

## References
Bargeddie

**Bargeddie** () is a small town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, east of the junction of the M73 and M8 motorways,  west of Coatbridge town centre. A location in the same area is named in Timothy Pont's map of 1595, but it appears to be originally spelt as Balgedy.
## People
Former Scottish football player and Arsenal manager, George Graham was born at Bargeddie on 30 November 1944.
Stonehaven

**Stonehaven** (*Steenhive* in the Doric dialect of Scots) and *Cala na Creige* in Gaelic is a town with around fourteen thousand inhabitants (9,577 in the 2001 census) on the northeast coast of Scotland. It is the county town of the historic county of Kincardineshire or The Mearns and the present day county of Aberdeenshire. It grew around an Iron Age fishing village, now the "Auld Toon" ("old town"), and expanded inland from the Seaside.  As late as the 16th century, old maps indicate the town was called **Stonehyve** or **Stonehive**.

## Famous People 
Stonehaven was the birthplace of Robert William Thomson, inventor of the pneumatic tyre and the fountain pen, of journalist James Murdoch and Lord Reith of Stonehaven, first Director-General of the BBC.

Stonehaven was a holiday retreat of the poet, Robert Burns.

The novelist Lewis Grassic Gibbon (James Leslie Mitchell) attended school at what was the old Mackie Academy (now Arduthie Primary). Mackie Academy now serves over 1000 pupils and they study his work.

Famous historical visitors include William Wallace and Mary Queen of Scots.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Undiscovered Scotland Dunnottar Castle
*Stonehaven Online Directory
Fraserburgh

**Fraserburgh** (Scots: ***The Broch***) (Scottish Gaelic: '''''A' Bhruaich''''') is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland with a population recorded in the 2001 Census at 12,454. It lies at the northeast corner of Aberdeenshire, around  north of Aberdeen, and  north of Peterhead. It is the largest shellfish port in Europe and a major white fish port and busy commercial harbour. 

## Politics 
* UK Constituency: Banff and Buchan — Alex Salmond, SNP, (1987–), Party leader (1990–2000, 2004–), First Minister of Scotland (2007-)
* Scottish Parliament Constituency: Banff and Buchan — Stewart Stevenson, SNP, (2001–) Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change (2007-)
* Aberdeenshire Council Ward: Fraserburgh and District - 3 SNP councillors and 1 independent councillor.

## Sports 
Fraserburgh golf club is the fifth oldest club in Scotland and seventh oldest in the world. It has both an 18 hole and a 9 hole course, and a modern clubhouse.

Fraserburgh Football Club is a senior football club that plays in the Highland League. Fraserburgh United FC is a junior football club that plays in the Scottish Junior Football North Premier League (also known as the North Superleague).

## Notable people
* George Bruce (1909-2002): Poet of the Scottish literary renaissance
* Bill Gibb (1943-): born in Fraserburgh; became international fashion designer
* Steve Fairnie (1951-1993) : Fraserburgh born musician, painter, sculptor, actor, board game designer, chicken hypnotist, frontman of the post-punk band Writz and half of the Techno Twins.
* Thomas Blake Glover (1838–1911): born in Fraserburgh, where his father worked for the coastguard, moved to Japan and founded Mitsubishi Company.  Known as the Scottish Samuri. He has a local chip shop named after him.
* Robertson Macaulay (1833-1915): one time president of Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada).
* Dennis Nilsen (1945–): Serial killer; born at Academy Road, Fraserburgh.
* James Ramsay (1733–89): born in Fraserburgh; anti-slavery campaigner.
* Sir George Strahan (1838–87): born in Fraserburgh; British colonial governor.
* Joseph Watt (1887-1955): Gardenstown born; recipient of the Victoria Cross 15th May, 1917
* Stan Williams (1940-): Liverpool born but lived in Fraserburgh since 1975; author of 'PENNY LANE is in My Ears and in My Eyes' about growing up with The Beatles

## Twin Town
*Bressuire, France

## Other websites
* Fraserburgh: Scotland's Leading Light
* Fraserburgh Heritage Centre 
* Banff and Buchan College 
* Cairness House
* Buchan hillwalking club 
* Web Historian's pages on the fishing villages of the North East 

## References
John Dillinger

**John Herbert Patrick Stanley Dillinger** (June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) was an American bank robber in the American Midwest.

## Early years
Dillinger was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He grew up in Mooresville, Indiana. His first robbery occurred in Mooresville in 1924. He went to prison until 1933. Later, he helped some convicts escape, and formed a gang of robbers with them.

## Criminal career
In 1934, Dillinger was accused of killing a policeman. He was transported from Arizona to Indiana. He escaped from jail. His flight across state lines in a stolen vehicle made him a fugitive from the FBI. He formed a gang and robbed banks. He had several gun battles with the men of the FBI. By the middle of 1934, he had robbed 10 banks in four midwestern states.

## Death
Dillinger was hiding in Chicago, Illinois, when he was betrayed by the madame of a brothel named Anna Sage. She accompanied him to the Biograph Theater wearing a red dress. This was done so the police could easily see her. Dillinger was gunned down by the FBI as he left the movie theater. Dillinger had chosen to see the Clark Gable gangster movie, *Manhattan Melodrama*. Anna Sage became known as "The Lady in Red".

## Film depictions 
* Humphrey Bogart's played the gang leader Duke Mantee in *The Petrified Forest*, {1936} a character based on Dillinger.
* Lawrence Tierney starred in the first film dramatization of Dillinger's career; *Dillinger* (1945).
* In a parody of Dillinger's escape with a phony gun, Woody Allen tries the same stunt [and fails} in his 1971 movie, *Take the Money and Run*.
* Warren Oates's 1973's * Dillinger*. Another  dramatization version of the Dillinger gang comparable to the 1969 movie  "Bonnie and Clyde"
* A TV movie *Dillinger* was released in 1991, starring Mark Harmon.
* Director Michael Mann's 2009 film *Public Enemies*, is an adaptation of Bryan Burrough's book ''Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933-43'' and features Johnny Depp as John Dillinger and Christian Bale as FBI agent Melvin Purvis.

## References
SEAT Ibiza

**SEAT Ibiza** is a car produced by SEAT since 1984. It is in its fifth generation (as of 2025). The first generation appeared in 1984 while the second generation was the first based on the Volkswagen Polo and arrived in 1993 while it got a facelift in both 1996 and 1999. It entered its third generation in 2002 while the fourth generation appeared in 2008. The current fifth generation arrived in 2017 which is now 5-door only and there is also a small crossover model based on it called the Arona. The restyled version of the fifth generation of the Ibiza is presented in April 2021.
Commedia dell'arte

in Limoux]]

'''''Commedia dell'arte'''* is a form of improvisational theatre. It began in Italy in the 16th century. The form continued to be popular during the 17th century and is still popular today.

The title is difficult to translate. A close translation is “comedy of craft”. This is shortened from *commedia dell’arte all’improvviso'', or “comedy of improvisation”.

The plays of Commedia dell'arte were often performed by a small group of actors who traveled around and performed in town squares. The actors would pass a hat around for people to put money in.

The earliest known group was in Padua in 1545. By the end of the seventeenth century, there were several troupes (group of actors). These included the Gelosi, Confidenti, and Fedeli. Some troupes were popular at courts outside of Italy. In France,  images from the commedia became a favorite theme of well-known artists.

The actors often wore masks. The stories were often about people being cunning. Hunger, love and money were important in the stories. There were several characters who appeared in many of the stories. These are called "stock characters". Examples of stock characters from Commedia dell'arte are: Harlequin, Pantalone, Arlecchino, Colombina, Pulcinella, Pierrot, Scaramuccia.

Commedia dell'arte had a lot of influence on theatre plays in many countries. Punch and Judy shows, popular with children in Britain and other countries, are similar to Commedia dell'arte. They also have stock characters: Punch, Judy, the crocodile, the policeman etc.
Blackburn, Aberdeenshire

**Blackburn** is a rapidly growing commuter town in Aberdeenshire just northwest of Aberdeen, Scotland. It has an industrial estate.

## References
Valentina Tereshkova

**Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova** (; born 6 March 1937), is a Soviet retired cosmonaut. 

She was the first woman to fly in space, aboard Vostok 6 (one of Vostok rocket) on 16 June 1963. She and four others were chosen out of more than 400 other women to fly in space.

## Political activity 
In 2011, she was elected to the State Duma of Russia from the United Russia party on the Yaroslavl regional list. Tereshkova, together with Elena Mizulina, Irina Yarovaya and Andrey Skoch, is a member of an inter-factional deputy group for the protection of Christian values; in this capacity, she supported the introduction of amendments to the Russian Constitution, according to which, "Orthodoxy is the basis of the national and cultural identity of Russia." Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Federal Structure and Local Self-Government since December 21, 2011.

## References
Banchory

**Banchory** (Scottish Gaelic: *Beannchar*, 'blessed place') is a burgh or town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, lying approximately 18&nbsp;miles west of Aberdeen, near where the Feugh River meets the River Dee.

## Other websites 
* Banchory Air Training Corps 
* Rotary Club of Banchory-Ternan 
* Visit Banchory - Gateway to Royal Deeside 
* Banchory Community Website 
* Official Burnett Worldwide Website
* Banchory Ternan East Parish Church

## References
Banff and Macduff

**Banff** (Gaelic *Banbh*) and **Macduff** (Gaelic *MacDhuibh*) are neighbouring towns on Banff Bay, both of which are former burghs in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Until 1975 Banff was the county town of Banffshire.

## Sport
Banff and surrounding areas have a local football team, Deveronvale F.C. and a rugby team, Banff RFC.
Duff House Royal Golf course is bordered by the River Deveron and Duff House.Some interesting holes which can be difficult depending on the wind.
Macduff also has a golf course known as Royal Tarlair. Built on land which ends on precipitous cliffs, lost balls really are lost.

## Etymology
The name "Banff" is uncertain but may be derived from the Scottish Gaelic *Banbh* or *Banbha*, a sow, *buinne*, a stream, or a contraction of *Bean-naomh*, the holy woman (as is reflected in the town's coat-of-arms). Currently, the languages spoken in the town and in its vicinity tend to be the Doric dialect of Scots, and English.

## Notable residents
* Sandi Thom
* Colin Newton
* Alex Salmond
* Richard Gordon

## References 
## Other websites
* COAST festival 
* On **Flikr** photos of 600th Anniversary Celebrations
* On **Flikr** photos of BB's Festival of Britain 1951
* On **Flikr** photos of 1 Photos of Banff, Macduff and Surrounding Area
Laurencekirk

**Laurencekirk** is a small town in the ancient county of Kincardineshire, modern county of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, just off the A90 Dundee to Aberdeen main road. It is the largest settlement in the Howe o' the Mearns area and houses the local secondary school; Mearns Academy, which was awarded the Charter Mark in 2003. The 2004 population is estimated at 3,596.

## References
## Other websites
* Laurencekirk
Boddam, Aberdeenshire

**Boddam** is a coastal village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is  north of Aberdeen and  south of Peterhead. Sea cliffs rise to , south of the village: a coastal path leads along these to the Bullers of Buchan.

The adjoining settlement, on the Aberdeen to Peterhead road, was for many years known simply as Stirling: in 2004, it was renamed Stirling Village, to avoid confusion with the newly granted city of Stirling.

## References 
## Other websites
* - Boddam Community Website 
* - Buchan Ness Lighthouse (Northern Lighthouse Board website) 
* - Official Tourist Web Site 
* - Peterhead Area Business Directory
Inverurie

**Inverurie** is a Royal Burgh in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, approximately 16 miles north west of Aberdeen on the A96 road and lies on the Northern Express Railway Route from Aberdeen to Inverness. The nearest airport is Aberdeen International Airport at Dyce.

## Sports
Inverurie Loco Works F.C., playing their matches at Harlaw Park, are the local Highland League football team and Aberdeen F.C. is the nearest Scottish Premier League team. Rugby Union is played by the Garioch Rugby Football Club.
Inverbervie

**Inverbervie** (Ordnance Survey) is a small town on the north-east coast of Scotland, south of Stonehaven, in the Aberdeenshire council area.

The Inverbervie name derives from *Inbhir Beirbhe*, meaning *Mouth of the River Bervie* in Scottish Gaelic.

## Notable residents
* John Arbuthnot, mathematician, physician, satirist and polymath
* Hercules Linton, designer of the Cutty Sark clipper ship
* Lewis Grassic Gibbon, author, lived in nearby Arbuthnott

## References
Peterhead

**Peterhead** is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is Aberdeenshire's largest settlement, having a population of 17,947 at the 2001 Census. Peterhead sits at the easternmost point in mainland Scotland. Peterhead is often referred to as 'The Blue Toon' and people who were born there as Blue Tooners. More correctly they are called Bloomogganners, supposedly from the blue worsted stockings that the fishermen originally wore.

## Sport
Peterhead F.C. are a Scottish Football League side who currently play in the Second Division.

## Twin town
* Ålesund, Norway

## References 
## Other websites
* Peterhead's Official Website 
* The unofficial guide to Peterhead 
* Photographs and forum live webcams showing life in a rural garden 
* Peterhead News Site
* Local Authority Covering Peterhead Area
Maud, Aberdeenshire

**Maud** (Gaelic: *Am Mòd*) is a small town in the Buchan area of the Scottish county of Aberdeenshire. Population 610 (2004). Located 13 miles west of Peterhead on the South Ugie Water, Maud rose to prosperity in the nineteenth century as a railway junction of the Formartine and Buchan Railway that ran through Maud to Fraserburgh and Peterhead, but has always been the meeting place of six roads. It has had a variety of names:
* **Bank of Behitch**
* **Brucklay**
* **New Maud**
the 'New' falling out of use leading to its current name.

## References
Kintore, Aberdeenshire

**Kintore** (Gaelic: *Ceann Tòrr*) is a town and former royal burgh near Inverurie in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, now bypassed by the A96 road between Aberdeen and Inverness.  The name Kintore comes from the Gaelic, Ceann-an-torr. *Ceann* means the head, or the end, and *Torr* means a round hill. So the name signifies that the town was at the head or end of a round hill. This probably refers to Tuach Hill to the south of the town.
Kemnay

**Kemnay** (Gaelic: ''Ceann a' Mhuigh'') is a village 16 miles west of Aberdeen in Scotland. It has a population of about 7040 (2007).

## Sports
The golfer Paul Lawrie, who famously won the 1999 Open Championship is a former pupil of Kemnay Academy, as is Aberdeen FC footballer Darren Mackie.
*Aberdeenshire Cricket Association

## Other websites 
*
* Kemnay Village Community Web 
*Kemnay Academy
Insch

**Insch** is a town in Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is about  from the city of Aberdeen. Auchleven and Premnay are villages associated with Insch.

## Other websites
* Insch Community Website 
* Insch Golf Club 
* Loch Insch Fishery 
* Insch Primary School
Portsoy

**Portsoy** (Gaelic: *Port Saoidh*) is a burgh in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, formerly in the county of Banffshire.

It is known for:
*its local jewellery made from "Portsoy marble" (which is not marble, but rather serpentine)
*its locally milled oatmeal which is sold around the world
*its annual small boat festival.
*its two historical harbours
Playing for Pizza

***Playing for Pizza*** is a short novel by John Grisham, released on September 25, 2007.
The novel is about an American football player who can no longer get work in the National Football League. His agent, as a last resort, signs a deal for him to play for the Parma Panthers, in Parma, Italy. The quarterback's move to a small city in a foreign land leads to a series of cultural misadventures.
 
## Other websites
* Panthers.it Official Site
* Share The Dream with Grisham Official Site
BonziBuddy

**BonziBuddy** (styled as BonziBUDDY) was a freeware program from BONZI Software. The software was available from 1999 to 2004. It used the Microsoft Agent technology. The program is no longer available because it contained a lot of adware, malware, and spyware. Most antivirus software picked up the software as Adware. The user would right click on the character. This would bring up a menu with different things that the character could do. It could tell jokes, facts, sing songs, download files and keep people on schedule with a calendar. The user could buy add-ons which would add extra jokes, facts and songs. There were also game add-ons and a speech recognition add-on. The program itself was advertised as an Internet Companion. The official website stayed open until 2008 and then it was no longer working. BonziBUDDY can still be downloaded by uploads from fans.

## Characters
For the first version, they used a green bird called Peedy that was created by Microsoft. In 2001, the company made their own character. They called it Bonzi. The character was a purple gorilla. When the program launched, the gorilla would surf onto their screen on a yellow surf board. In later versions, they changed Bonzi's entrance from a surf board to a jungle vine.

## Virus issues
BonziBUDDY had a lot of spyware. It would bring out random advertisements, set the homepage to www.bonzi.com, and slow down the computer. It was also rated 6th at PCWorld's annoying spyware products. It would also collect personal information about what people do on their computer.

## References
The Grapes of Wrath

***The Grapes of Wrath*** is a novel written by John Steinbeck. It was published in 1939. The book won both the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize in Literature. It is often read in American high school and college classes. The title of the novel is from *Book of Revelation* 14:19.

The book is about the Joads, a family of farmers.  It takes place during the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. Because of drought and changes in the agriculture industry, the Joads are forced to move from their old home to California's Central Valley to find work and land.

The book talks about the problems they face on the way, as they drive through the Dust Bowl to get to California. It also talks about the poverty, discrimination, exploitation and other problems they face once they get to California.

## Related pages
* *Le Monde*'s 100 Books of the Century
SEAT Arosa

**SEAT Arosa** was a car produced by SEAT from 1997 through 2014 with a facelift in 2001. It is a badge-engineered version of the Volkswagen Lupo and Škoda Lupo. Its successor appeared in 2012 as the Seat Mii.Skoda Lupo.

## Engines 
### Petrol 
* *1.0* 37 kW (50 hp)
* *1.4* 44 kW (60 hp)
* *1.4 16V* 74 kW (101 hp)
*1.9 L *F9Q1* TDI I4

### Diesel 
* *1.4 TDI* 55 kW (75 hp)
* *1.7 SDI* 44 kW (60 hp)
* *1.9&nbsp;L *F9Q'' DI-D I4
Kia
Knol

**Knol** was a Google project which aims to include user-written articles on a range of topics. The project was  announced on December 13, 2007 and opened in beta to the public on July 23, 2008. When it was opened, there were a few hundred articles mostly about health and medicine.

Knol pages were "meant to be the first thing someone who searches for this topic for the first time will want to read", according to Manber. refers to both the project and an article in the project. while others point out the differences between the projects.

The project was closed on April 30, 2012, and all content was deleted after October 1, 2012.

## Content 
Anyone could create and own new knols. There can also be several articles on the same topic, each written by a different author. Because multiple articles can have the same title, readers find a topic by searching, rather than just by title. The authors can say who can edit their articles: the public, other authors, or only themselves. They could choose to include ads from Google's AdSense to their knols. Knol has a policy that specifies topics that are unacceptable for the project. Relevant nudity is allowed (in most countries), but pornography, commercial or otherwise, is forbidden. Also forbidden is discriminatory or violent content. Content designed to promote businesses, products or services is allowed, but articles without real content, created solely to generate ad revenue are not. Commentators called it a "wasteland" of articles copied from other sources, entries that were outdated or abandoned, as well as spam or self-promotion. It was criticized for having incomplete and inaccurate articles. Google said that "Since knol authors receive attribution, knols are a great forum for expressing your opinions." In October 2008, Google unveiled using Knols as a forum for debate, and enabled French, Italian and German versions, in the face of stagnating traffic.

## What people say about Knol 
People described Knol as a rival to other encyclopedia sites such as Wikipedia and Scholarpedia. Sometimes people pointed out that the format was very different, and therefore it might be an addition to these sites. It might allow to get around some of the problems of Wikipedia. The non-profit Wikimedia Foundation, which owns the name Wikipedia and the servers hosting the Wikipedia projects, welcomed the Google Knol initiative saying that "The more good free content, the better for the world." 

There was debate whether Google search results can remain neutral because of possible conflict of interest. According to Danny Sullivan, the editor of *Search Engine Land*, "Google’s goal of making Knol pages easy to find on search engines could conflict with its need to remain unbiased."

## References 
## Other websites 
*Knol Homepage
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts

The **University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts**, also called the College of LS&A (or simply LS&A), is the liberal arts and sciences unit of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Started in 1841 with seven students and two teachers, the college is now the largest part at U-M in terms of the number of students. It is located on the university's Central Campus, which is shared with the Ross School of Business, the School of Information, the UM Law School, and other units.
Pat Benatar

**Pat Benatar** (born **Patricia Mae Andrzejewski** on January 10, 1953) is a four-time Grammy Award-winning American rock singer with seven platinum and three gold albums to her credit, as well as 19 Top 40 singles. Pat Benatar was eligible for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, she was nominated in 2020 and was not elected and chosen for the 2022 class.

Benatar is known for her mezzo-soprano vocal range.

## Filmography
* *Yakety Yak, Take it Back* (1991) ... Herself

## References
## Other websites 
* Pat Benatar Pictures
Eurythmics

**Eurythmics** were a pop music band from Britain. Its two members were Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart. Their most famous song is "Sweet Dreams". Some of their other songs are "Here Comes The Rain Again", "Love Is a Stranger" and "Missionary Man".

Eurythmics formed in London in 1980 and broke up in 1990. They recorded eight albums during that time. Eurythmics got back together in 1999 and made a ninth album. Then they released a greatest hits album and split again in 2005.

## Albums
These are the albums made by Eurythmics.

* *In the Garden* (1981)
* *Sweet Dreams Are Made of This* (1983)
* *Touch* (1983)
* *For the Love of Big Brother* (1984)
* *Be Yourself Tonight* (1985)
* *Revenge* (1986)
* *Savage* (1987)
* *We Too Are One* (1989)
* *Peace* (1999)

## References
Abingdon

**Abingdon** may mean:

In Australia :
* Abingdon, Queensland, a place in Northern Queensland

In **England**:
*Abingdon, Oxfordshire

In **Canada**:
*Abingdon, Ontario

In the **United States**:
*Abingdon, Iowa
*Abingdon, Illinois
*Abingdon, Maryland
*Abingdon, North Carolina
*Abingdon, South Carolina
*Abingdon, Virginia
Abingdon, Virginia

**Abingdon** is a town in Washington County, Virginia, 133 miles (214&nbsp;km) southwest of Roanoke.

## References
Clinton

**Clinton** can be any of the following:

## People
* Bill Clinton, a former President of the United States
* Chelsea Clinton, daughter of Bill and Hillary
* DeWitt Clinton, politician and mayor of New York
* George Clinton, former Vice President of the United States
* George Clinton, Musician
* Sir Henry Clinton, British army general
* Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State, wife of Bill Clinton, and 2016 presidential candidate

## Places
* Clinton, Arkansas
* Clinton, British Columbia
* Clinton, Illinois
* Clinton, Indiana
* Clinton, Iowa
* Clinton, Kansas
* Clinton, Kentucky
* Clinton, Louisiana
* Clinton, Maryland
* Clinton, Massachusetts
* Clinton, Mississippi
* Clinton, Dutchess County, New York
* Clinton, Oneida County, New York
* Clinton, North Carolina
* Clinton, Oklahoma
* Clinton, South Carolina
* Clinton, Tennessee

## Related pages
*Clinton County (disambiguation)
Be Kind Rewind

***Be Kind Rewind*** is a 2008 American comedy movie starring Jack Black, Mos Def, Danny Glover and Mia Farrow. The movie's name is from a phrase commonly displayed on VHS rental tapes. It is set in Passaic, New Jersey.

## Cast
* Jack Black as Jerry
* Mos Def as Mike
* Danny Glover as Mr. Fletcher
* Mia Farrow as Miss Falewicz
* Melonie Diaz as Alma
* Arjay Smith as Manny
* Paul Dinello as Mr. Rooney (court bailiff #1)
* Sigourney Weaver as Ms. Lawson (court bailiff #2)

## Notes 
## Other websites
* Official site
* Official trailer
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* The Internet (Sweded) Movie Data Base  at swededmovies.org
* Collection of fan 'swedes'  at SwededFilms.com
* Jack Black Be Kind Rewind Interview
Portlethen

**Portlethen** is a town 7&nbsp;mi south of Aberdeen, Scotland along the A90. It has expanded rapidly over the last 30 years. Portlethen has a population of about 7000, and more than 800 houses are, as of 2007, were being built on nearby farmland. To the east of Portlethen lie three fishing villages: Findon, Downies and Old Portlethen (now often referred to as *Portlethen Village*). Although Portlethen is a town in terms of population (and it has been granted official town status), it resembles a residential suburb without a clear 'town centre' or focal point.

## References
Volkswagen Lupo

**Volkswagen Lupo** was a car made by Volkswagen from 1998 through 2005. The SEAT Arosa was a badge-engineered version of the Lupo.

## Engines 
* *1.0* 37 kW (50 hp)
* *1.4* 44 kW (60 hp)
* *1.4 16V* 55 kW (75 hp) and 74 kW (100 hp)
* *1.4 FSI* 77 kW (105 hp)
* *1.6 GTI* 92 kW (125 hp)
* *1.2 TDI 3L* 45 kW (61 hp)
* *1.4 TDI* 55 kW (75 hp)
* *1.7 SDI* 44 kW (60 hp)
Guitar World

***Guitar World*** is a music magazine. A new issue is made every month. Articles in the magazine are usually about guitar players. The magazine has interviews, reviews, and information on how to play songs on guitar or bass guitar. The magazine started in July 1980. Johnny Winter was on the first front cover.

## Other websites 
**Guitar World* website