open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored

"'''Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored'*" (written in all lowercase) is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande for her fifth studio album *Thank U, Next* (2019). The song was written by Grande , Savan Kotecha and Kandi Burruss alongside its producers Max Martin and Ilya Salmanzadeh, with Grande serving as a vocal producer. It contains an interpolation of the song "It Makes Me Ill" by American boy band NSYNC, written by Kandi Burruss, Kevin Briggs, thus both are also credited as songwriters.

The song entered the *Billboard'' Hot 100 at number two, while "7 rings" was at #1 and "thank u, next" was at #3; this made Grande the first solo artist to occupy the top three of the Hot 100 in the same week (and the first act overall since The Beatles).

Grande has performed the song during her Coachella Festival set in April 2019 (with *NSYNC) and on her Sweetener World Tour.

## Accolades 
## Track listing
* **7-inch vinyl – cassette**
# "Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored" (explicit) – 3:10
# "Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored" (edited) – 3:10

## Credits and personnel 
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

**Recording**
* Recorded at MXM Studios (Los Angeles, California; Stockholm, Sweden) and Wolf Cousins Studios (Stockholm)
* Mixed at MixStar Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia)
* Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York)

**Management**
* Published by Universal Music Corp./GrandAri Music (ASCAP), MXM — administered by Kobalt — (ASCAP), Wolf Cousins (STIM), Kandney Music/Air Control Music/EMI April Music and SheK 'Em Down Music/BMG
* Contains a sample from "It Makes Me Ill", written by Kandi Burruss and Kevin Briggs, published by Kandney Music/Air Control Music/EMI April Music and SheK 'Em Down Music/BMG

**Personnel**

* Ariana Grande – vocals, songwriting, vocal producer
* Max Martin – songwriting, producer, bass, drums, keyboards, programming
* Ilya Salmanzadeh – songwriting, production, bass, drums, keyboards, programming
* Savan Kotecha – songwriting
* Kandi Burruss – songwriting
* Kevin Briggs – songwriting
* Sam Holland – engineer
* Jeremy Lertola – assistant engineer
* Cory Bice – assistant engineer
* Serban Ghenea – mixing
* John Hanes – mixing assistant
* Randy Merrill – mastering

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Monthly charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications
## Release history 
## Related pages 
* List of top 10 singles in 2019 (Australia)
* List of number-one singles of 2019 (Ireland)
* List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 2010s
* List of Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles in 2019

## References
Lesbophobia

**Lesbophobia** is a fear and/or hatred of lesbians, described as the intersection of homophobia and misogyny. Even gay men can be lesbophobic.

## References
Đorđe Marjanović

**Đorđe Marjanović** (; 30 October 1931 – 15 May 2021) was a Serbian and Yugoslav singer.

Marjanović began his career in the mid-1950s. During the 1960s he recorded a large number of hit songs and became the first superstar of the Yugoslav popular music. 

In 1990, he suffered a stroke on stage, from which he partially recovered, but decided to retire.

He died on 15 May 2021, aged 89, in Belgrade from problems caused by COVID-19.

## References
Eva Wilma

**Eva Wilma Riefle Buckup Zarattini** (; December 14, 1933 – May 15, 2021) was a Brazilian actress and dancer. She starred in the 1950s Brazilian television series *Alô, Doçura!*. Wilma was born in São Paulo, Brazil. She retired in 2019. Other best known roles were in *A Flea on the Scales* and *A Indomada*.

She was awarded with Prêmio Saci.

Wilma died on May 15, 2021 of ovarian cancer in São Paulo, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Eva Wilma official website
William Roth

**William Victor Roth Jr.** (July 22, 1921 – December 13, 2003) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. From 1967 to 1970, he was the U.S. Representative from Delaware and from 1971 to 2001, he was a U.S. Senator. 

Roth was a sponsor of legislation creating the Roth IRA, an individual retirement plan that can be set up with a broker.

## References
2021 Texas power crisis

In February 2021, the state of Texas had a major power crisis, because of three winter storms in the United States on February 10–11, 13–17, and 15–20. The crisis was caused by a massive electricity generation failure in the state of Texas; and caused shortages of water, food, and heat. 
## Affected places
More than 4.5 million homes and businesses were left without power, some for several days. At least 151 people were killed. The total damage is estimated to be between $100 billion and $200 billion, making it as expensive as Hurricane Harvey and other major disasters.
## Causes
The Texas crisis's proximate causes were two unanticipated shocks induced from the sub-zero temperatures (‑2˚ F in Dallas): a failure of conventional (thermal) generating supply, mostly from lack of natural gas, and a surge in electricity demand. Inadequate winterization caused freezing of the gas supply and many plants' control instruments. In a system with a winter peak of 66 GW, about 30 GW of thermal plants were unavailable. In its worst-case extreme-winter analysis, ERCOT had expected a loss of 14 GW of thermal resources. The February storm caused more than double the anticipated thermal outages.

Simultaneously, electric heaters created a powerful surge in demand. About 61% of Texans rely on electric heat, mostly low-efficiency resistance heat, in poorly insulated homes — a seemingly sensible choice in a warm climate with cheap electricity, where home heating is often unnecessary. The demand surge caused by the cold came to about 20 GW or one-third of the winter peak. ERCOT based its worst-case analysis on a 2011 winter storm, the most severe cold-weather event in Texas in twenty years. The 2021 storm was much worse than that of 2011. It created an unexpected and unsupportable demand surge.

## References
Food bank

]]
A **food bank** is a non-profit, charitable organization that gives away food to those who have hard time buying enough to avoid hunger. While a it is a popular organization, many critics believe it would cause a welfare crisis.

## References
Serve America Movement

The **Serve America Movement** (**SAM**) is a big tent political organization founded in 2017 by Morgan Stanley lawyer Eric Grossman.

The party has said that they want to pass the elections vote limit or use petitions to gain access in other states, in order to contest future elections.

In May 2020, SAM named David Jolly as executive chairman. Jolly is a former Republican who served as a Member of Congress from Florida's 13th congressional district from 2014 to 2017.

## References
Governor (United States)

In the United States, a **governor** is the chief executive officer and commander-in-chief in each of the fifty states and in the five permanently territories.

Governors are responsible for passing state laws and the operation of the state executive branch. As state leaders, governors support and push for new and revised policies and programs using a variety of tools, such as through executive orders, executive budgets, and legislative proposals and vetoes. Governors are comparable to the President, but on a state level.

A majority of governors have the authority to appoint state court judges as well, in most cases from a list of names submitted by a nominations committee.

## References
Sam Sloan

in Istanbul]]
**Samuel Howard Sloan** (born September 7, 1944) is an American perennial candidate and former broker-dealer. In 1978, he was the last non-lawyer to argue a case *pro se* before the United States Supreme Court.

In 2006, Sloan was on the executive board of the United States Chess Federation. He has run unsuccessfully or attempted to run for several political offices, including President of the United States.

## References
Lise Bourdin

**Lise Bourdin** (30 November 1925 &ndash; 28 November 2025) was a French movie actress. She was born in Néris-les-Bains, Allier, France. Bourdin retired in 1959, after a ten-year movie career.

Some of her best known roles were in *Children of Love* (1953), *The River Girl* (1954), *The Last Five Minutes* (1955), *Desperate Farewell* (1955), *La ladra* (1955), *Love in the Afternoon* (1957), *The River of Three Junks* (1957), *Ces dames préfèrent le mambo* (1957) and *The Last Blitzkrieg* (1959).

Bourdin died on 28 November 2025 in Labastide-d'Armagnac, France, two days before her 100th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jacqueline White

**Jacqueline Jane White** (born November 27, 1922) is an American actress. She is best known her appearances in *Crossfire* and *The Narrow Margin*. She worked for both MGM and RKO in the 1940s and 1950s.

## References
Jimmy Lydon

**James J. Lydon** (May 30, 1923 &ndash; March 9, 2022) was an American actor and television producer. He was known as a teenage actor during the 1930s.

In 1953, he was cast as Murray in the aviation adventure movie *Island in the Sky*, starring John Wayne. He also played Biffen Cardoza on the last six episodes of *Rocky Jones, Space Ranger* in 1954 and made appearances in *Lux Video Theatre* and *The Christophers*.

Lydon easily appeared roles in television. He played Chris Thayer on *The First Hundred Years*. The show was CBS' first daytime soap opera. It was performed live for three seasons of 300 episodes.

Lydon died on March 9, 2022 at his home in San Diego, California at the age of 98.

## References
Noreen Nash

**Noreen Nash** (born **Norabelle Jean Roth**; April 4, 1924 – June 6, 2023) was an American actress and model. Her first movie role was in the 1943 musical movie *Girl Crazy*, which starred Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland.

From 2001 until his death, Nash was married to actor James Whitmore. 
Nash died at her home in Beverly Hills, California, on June 6, 2023, at the age of 99.
## References
Helen Grayco

**Helen Grayco** (born **Helen Greco**; September 20, 1924 &ndash; August 20, 2022) was an American pop singer and actress. She was most famous for appearances with her husband Spike Jones on *The Spike Jones Show* in the 1950s and the 1960s. 

She was also the mother of producer and Emmy recipient, Spike Jones Jr. and Leslie Ann Jones, a Grammy Award-winning recording engineer.

Grayco died on August 20, 2022 in Los Angeles, California, one month before her 98th birthday.

## References
Spike Jones

**Lindley Armstrong** "**Spike**" **Jones** (December 14, 1911&nbsp;– May 1, 1965) was an American musician, actor, comedian and bandleader. He was known for creating spoof arrangements of popular songs and classical music.

Jones and his band recorded under the title **Spike Jones and His City Slickers** from the early 1940s to the mid-1950s. 

As an actor, he appeared in *Thank Your Lucky Stars* (1943), *Meet the People* (1944), *Bring on the Girls* (1945), *Breakfast in Hollywood* (1946) and *Variety Girl* (1947).

## Other websites
*
*
*Red Hot Jazz
*Phillywire article with added links
*Swedish homepage about Spike Jones 78-rpm records
*
Reuven Fahn

**Reuven Fahn** ( 18781939 or 1944) was a Polish Jewish writer who was active in the decades before the Holocaust.

## Early life
 in Vienna.]]
 of Reuven Fahn.]]

Reuven Fahn was born on 21 February 1878 in the village of Starunia in southeastern Austrian Galicia. Fahn could read and write in Hebrew, German, Yiddish, Polish, and Ukrainian by the age of 15. Another, possibly more reliable report states that he was murdered by the Nazis and their local Ukrainian allies in Stanisławów at the age of 66 in 1944.

## Selected bibliography
* (self-pub.)
* (self-pub.)
*
*
*
*
*

## References
## Other websites
* Govrin, Nurit. *The Reuven Fahn Collection*, Tel Aviv University, 2014
Joyce Reynolds (actress)

** Helen Joyce Reynolds** (October 7, 1924 - September 24, 2019) was a former American actress. She worked for Warner Bros. during the 1940s.

Reynolds made her acting debut with a small part in the 1942 movie *Yankee Doodle Dandy*. She also appeared in *George Washington Slept Here* as Madge, *The Constant Nymph* as Paula Sanger, and *The Adventures of Mark Twain* as Clara Clemens.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Joyce Reynolds in clip from *Janie* via YouTube
Marilyn Knowlden

**Marilyn Knowlden** (; May 12, 1926 &ndash; September 15, 2025) was an American child actress. She started appearing in Hollywood movies in 1931 when she was four years old. She was known for her roles in *Imitation of Life*, *Les Misérables*, and *Angels with Dirty Faces*.

Knowlden died on September 15, 2025 at an assisted living home in Eagle, Idaho at the age of 99.

## References
Maria Riva

**Maria Elizabeth Riva** (née **Sieber**, December 13, 1924 &ndash; October 29, 2025) was a German-born American actress, writer and activist. She worked on television in the 1950s. She was the daughter of actress Marlene Dietrich. Riva was born in Berlin, Weimar Republic. Her career began in 1934. 

During the 1950s, Riva appeared in more than 500 live teleplays for CBS, all broadcast from New York, including *The Milton Berle Show*, *Lux Video Theatre*, *Hallmark Hall of Fame*, *Your Show of Shows* and *Studio One*. She received Emmy nominations as best actress in both 1952 and 1953.

Riva was married to Dean Goodman from 1943 until they divorced a year later. She later married William Riva in 1947 and would remain married until his death in 1999. They had four children; including J. Michael and Peter Riva.

Riva turned 100 in December 2024. She died in her sleep at her home in Gila, New Mexico of natural causes on October 29, 2025.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Hyouka

***Hyouka*** (or the Japanese name "氷菓"; English: "Ice Cream") is a slice of life and a mystery novel written in 2001 by Honubo Yonezawa. It is the first volume of the *Classic Literature Club* series. There are also 2 other adaptations of this novel, which include: Anime adaptation, as well as a Manga adaptation. The anime adaptation was produced by *Kyoto Animation* and directed by *Yasuhiro Takemoto.* It consists of 22 episodes filled with many mysteries, which often begin with a simple question. The anime adaption aired (or was watchable) from April 22nd to September 16th, 2012. The anime adaptation was illustrated (or drawn) by *Taskohna*. 

## Plot 
The mystery genre of Anime and Manga was dull (or boring) until the Manga and Anime adaptation started *airing*. The whole plot of Hyouka revolves around a high-school (grade 9 - 12) boy, Ho(u)taro Oreki, who solves multiple mysteries without even him noticing (except some parts where he *does*). The basic concept of Hyouka was very simple (or plain) at the time it was airing. In fact, it was too simple that many people thought it just a regular mystery anime or manga. However, as simple as the concept is, the build-up is very mesmerizing (or fascinating), to say the least. Fans who were interested *or not interested* in mystery were mesmerized by the build-up of the riddles (or mysteries), that take place in the anime or manga.
Carleton Carpenter

**Carleton Upham Carpenter, Jr.** (July 10, 1926 &ndash; January 31, 2022) was an American actor, magician, songwriter, and novelist.

Carpenter wrote material for Debbie Reynolds, Kaye Ballard, Marlene Dietrich and Hermione Gingold, and also scripts for films and television.

Carpenter was a successful mystery novelist in the 1970s and 1980s. His books include *Deadhead*, *Games Murderers Play*, *Cat Got Your Tongue?*, *Only Her Hairdresser Knew*, *Sleight of Deadly Hand*, *The Peabody Experience*, and *Stumped*.

Carpenter died in Warwick, New York on January 31, 2022, at the age of 95.

## Movies
## References
## Other websites
*
Hermione Gingold

**Hermione Ferdinanda Gingold** (; 9 December 189724 May 1987) was an English-American actress. She was known for playing loud and energetic elderly women such as in *Gigi* (1958), *Bell, Book and Candle* (1958), *The Music Man* (1962) and *A Little Night Music* (1973).

Gingold died from heart failure caused by pneumonia at the Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan on 24 May 1987, aged 89.

## References
Betty Lynn

**Elizabeth Ann Theresa Lynn** (August 29, 1926 &ndash; October 16, 2021) was an American retired actress. She was best known for her role as Thelma Lou, Deputy Barney Fife's girlfriend, on *The Andy Griffith Show*. 

She also starred in *Sitting Pretty* (1948), *June Bride* (1948), the original *Cheaper by the Dozen* (1950) and *Meet Me in Las Vegas* (1956).

Lynn died on October 16, 2021 in Mount Airy, North Carolina after a short-illness, at the age of 95.

## References
Robert Brown (American actor)

**Robert Brown** (November 17, 1926 – September 19, 2022) was an American television actor. He was mostly active in the 1960s and 1970s.

Brown had a starring role as the charismatic, fast-talking Jason Bolt in the ABC television series *Here Come the Brides*. He also starred as Carter Primus in the sea adventure television series *Primus*.

Brown died in Ojai, California, on September 19, 2022, at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Robert Brown Profile at FocusOnTheMasters.Com
Terry Kilburn

**Terence E. Kilburn** (born 25 November 1926) is an English-American actor. He is best known for his roles as a child actor, in movies such as *A Christmas Carol* (1938) and *Goodbye, Mr. Chips* (1939) in the late 1930s and the early 1940s.

He was in a fifty-year relationship with actor Charles Nolte, who died in January 2010.

## References
Cora Sue Collins

**Cora Sue Collins** (April 19, 1927 &ndash; April 27, 2025) was an American child actress. She was known for her roles in *Queen Christina*, *Anna Karenina*, and *All This, and Heaven Too*. She retired from acting in 1945 at the age of 18.

Collins died on April 27, 2025 at her home in Beverly Hills, California from problems caused by a stroke at the age of 98.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sara Shane

**Elaine Hollingsworth** (née **Sterling**; born May 18, 1928), known by the stage name **Sara Shane**, is a former American actress. She starred alongside Clark Gable in the 1955 movie *The King and Four Queens*. Her last movie, 1959's ''Tarzan's Greatest Adventure'', she played Angie.

## References
Donna Martell

**Donna Martell** (born **Irene Palma de Maria**, December 24, 1927) is an American former actress. She played Marie DiPaolo in *The Bob Cummings Show* and appeared in shows such as *Shotgun Slade*, *Cavalcade of America*, *The Range Rider*, *Bat Masterson* and *Cheyenne*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Colleen Townsend

**Colleen Townsend Evans** (born December 21, 1928) is an American actress, author and humanitarian. Her best known roles were in *The Walls of Jericho* (1948), *Chicken Every Sunday* (1949), *When Willie Comes Marching Home* and *Again Pioneers* (both 1950).

## References
Kathleen Hughes

**Kathleen Hughes** (born **Elizabeth Margaret von Gerkan**; November 14, 1928 &ndash; May 19, 2025) was an American actress.

After graduating from Fairfax High School, Hughes attended Los Angeles City College and UCLA.

She played in episodes of *Alfred Hitchcock Presents* (1956–1957), *Telephone Time* (1956), *The Bob Cummings Show* (1958), *The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet*, *77 Sunset Strip* (1959), *Hotel de Paree* (1959), *Tightrope* (1959), *General Electric Theater* (1960–1962), *The Tall Man* (1961), *Bachelor Father* (1962), *Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.* (1965), and *I Dream of Jeannie* (1967).

On July 25, 1954, Hughes married Stanley Rubin, the producer of ''Bracken's World'', at the home of her uncle. The couple had one daughter and three sons. The marriage lasted 59 years, until Rubin died on March 2, 2014, at the age of 96.

Hughes died at the age of 96 on May 19, 2025.
## References
## Other websites
*
*
Ana Luisa Peluffo

**Ana Luisa Peluffo** (9 October 1929 &ndash; 4 March 2026) was a Mexican actress. She appeared in more than 200 movies and television shows. Her career began in 1949. She starred in the 1977 movie *Paper Flowers*. She also appeared in the 1948 adventure movie *Tarzan and the Mermaids*.

Peluffo died on her ranch of Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, on 4 March 2026, at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
*
Joyce MacKenzie

**Joyce Elaine MacKenzie Hassing** (October 13, 1925  June 10, 2021) was an American actress. She appeared on movie and television from 1946 to 1961.  She is best remembered for being the eleventh actress to portray Jane. She played the role opposite Lex Barker's Tarzan in 1953's *Tarzan and the She-Devil*. She died on June 10, 2021 in Hollywood, California, at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
Claudia Barrett

**Claudia Barrett** (born **Imagene Williams**; November 3, 1929April 30, 2021) was an American actress. Her other movie credits included *The Story of Seabiscuit* and *Chain Lightning*, as well as one of the leads of *A Life at Stake*. In 1953, she played one of the lead roles, Alice, in the low-budget science-fiction movie *Robot Monster*.

## References
Betta St. John

**Betta St. John** (born **Betty Jean Striegler**; November 26, 1929 &ndash; June 23, 2023) was an American former actress, singer and dancer. She starred in *The Robe* (1953), *All the Brothers Were Valiant* (1953), *The Student Prince* (1954), and in *High Tide at Noon* (1957).

Betta St. John died at an assisted living facility in Brighton, England, on June 23, 2023, at the age of 93.

## References
Harrington Park, New Jersey

**Harrington Park** is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 4,741.

## References
Gwen Graham

**Gwendolyn Graham** (born January 31, 1963) is an American attorney and politician. Graham is the Assistant Secretary of Education for Legislation and Congressional Affairs since 2021. She was the U.S. Representative for  from 2015 to 2017. She is the daughter of Bob Graham, the former United States Senator and Governor of Florida. 

Graham is a Democrat. She was a candidate for Governor of Florida in the 2018 election.

In April 2021, President Joe Biden announced that Graham would be nominated to be assistant secretary of the United States Department of Education for legislation and congressional affairs. Her nomination was confirmed in the U.S. Senate on October 6, 2021 by voice vote.

## References
Margaret Kerry

**Margaret Kerry** (born May 11, 1929) is an American actress and radio host. She was best known for her work as the model for Tinker Bell in the 1953 Walt Disney Pictures animated feature, *Peter Pan*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Care Bears: Care Quest

***Care Bears: Care Quest*** is 2D platform game for the Game Boy Advance developed by Sirius Games and published by The Game Factory. It was released in North America in October 2005, and in Europe the following year in February 2006. Players take control of a specific Care Bear in 12 quests containing multiple levels.

## Gameplay 
The game itself consists of 12 different games, each for a different Care Bear. Within each game itself, there are between 8 and 15 levels.

Bears such as Bedtime Bear, Tenderheart Bear, and Cheer Bear all appear in their respective levels and minigames. These games range from easy to difficult in intensity.
Namib

]]
The **Namib**, also known as **Namibe** or **Namibië desert** is a coastal desert in southern Africa. According to the broadest definition, the Namib stretches for more than  along the Atlantic coasts of Angola, Namibia, and South Africa.

Stretching for 1,200 miles (1,931 kilometers), it is one of the oldest deserts on the planet – at least 55 million years. Although a desert, the land is inhabited by a wide range of plants and animals, including ‘desert’ elephants that can go days without water.
Take a Chance on Me

**"Take a Chance on Me"** is a disco song by the Swedish music group ABBA. It was released in January 1978.

The song reached the Top 10 in the United States and United Kingdom. It hit #3 in the United States, Germany and Canada. It was also ABBA's seventh #1 song in the United Kingdom. It sold over 500,000 copies. It was awarded a gold disc.

The song was later covered by the English synthpop group Erasure and the Swedish pop group A-Teens.

## References
Mamma Mia (ABBA song)

**"Mamma Mia"** is a song by the Swedish pop group ABBA. The song comes off the group's third studio album *ABBA*.

The song was released in September 1975. In Australia, Germany, Ireland and Switzerland, the song hit #1.

In 1999, the A-Teens covered "Mamma Mia". It was later covered in 2008 by the actress Meryl Streep.

## References
Fernando (song)

**"Fernando"** is a song from the Swedish music group ABBA. It was released in March 1976.

The song is one of ABBA's best selling singles. It sold over six million copies in 1976 alone.

The song is available in the Spanish, Swedish and English languages.

"Fernando" hit #1 in Germany, Ireland, Australia, Belgium and Switzerland.

## References
Solar luminosity

**Solar luminosity** is the total power output of the Sun radiated to space. Solar irradiance, in contrast, is the total power per unit area at a distance of 1 AU (see solar constant). 

Luminosity of the sun: 3.828×1026 watts 

or 3.828*10^33 ergs per second.
Shell (computing)

An operating system **shell** is a user interface that enables the user to interact with and access the services offered by the operating system. The user gives commands to the operating system through its shell. 

In simple words - a shell is a program that accepts the input from users and excutes program on their behalf by creating a new process, and whatever the response from that particular program - which could be input, output or error - it shows back to the user.

## Various shells
There are various types of shells:
#Command line shells: the user types commands at the prompt. 
#Menu driven shells: the user selects commands from menus.
#Graphical user interface shells: the user selects  graphical menus and icons.

Examples of command line operating systems are UNIX and Disk Operating System (DOS). Examples of menu driven operating systems are the DOS shell. Finally, examples	of graphical user interface (GUI) operating system are Linux and Microsoft Windows.
Pillbox hat

arriving in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963]]

A **pillbox hat** is a small hat, usually worn by women. It has a flat crown, straight and upright sides. It is named after the small cylindrical cases that pills used to be sold in.

## History
**Military headwear**

The pillbox hat gained popularity as military headwear. During the late Roman Empire, a similar hat, called the "Pannonian cap" was worn by soldiers. Another similar hat was worn by the Flemish during the Middle Ages. In the 19th century, pillbox hats were worn by the British Army and the Boys Brigade. In some countries, the pillbox hat is worn with a strap around the chin. 

**Fashion headwear**

The woman's pillbox hat was created hat makers in the 1930s, gaining popularity due to its elegant style. Pillbox hats have been made of many different materials, including wool, mink, fox-fur, and many other materials. They are generally a solid color.

## References
Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy

and Jackie Kennedy, the President and the First Lady (wearing the Pink Chanel suit) on the day of Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963 after arriving at the Dallas Love Field in Dallas, Texas]]
A **pink suit** was worn by Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, the First Lady of the United States on November&nbsp;22, 1963 when her husband, United States President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. It was raspberry pink and navy trim collared suit was matched with a trademark matching pink pillbox hat and white gloves. After President Kennedy was assassinated, Jacqueline Kennedy wanted to wear the outfit, stained with his blood, during the swearing-in of the new incoming 36th President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson on Air Force One.

Jacqueline Kennedy was a well known fashion icon, and this outfit is thought to be the most well known and popular of all of her items of clothing and her trademark.

## References
John Vernou Bouvier III

**John Vernou** **Bouvier III** ( ; May 19, 1891 – August 3, 1957) was an American Wall Street stockbroker and socialite. He was the father of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, Princess Lee Radziwill, and father-in-law of John F. Kennedy, the 35th U.S. president.

Bouvier was diagnosed with terminal liver cancer in spring 1957. He was hospitalized at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan on July 27, 1957 to have chemotherapy. He died six days later, on August 3, aged 66.

## References
Fort-Mahon-Plage

**Fort-Mahon-Plage** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
State funeral of John F. Kennedy

and Patricia Kennedy Lawford following former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy as she leaves the United States Capitol with John F. Kennedy Jr. and Caroline Kennedy, after viewing Former President John F. Kennedy lying in state.]]
The **State Funeral of John F. Kennedy**, 35th President of the United States, took place in Washington, D.C., during the three days after his assassination on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas.

The body of President Kennedy was brought back to Washington soon after his death and was placed in the East Room of the White House for 24 hours. On the Sunday after the assassination, his flag-draped casket was carried to the U.S. Capitol to lie in state. 

Representatives from over 90 countries attended the state funeral on Monday, November 25. After the Requiem Mass at St. Matthew's Cathedral, the late president was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.

Some of the dignitaries that arrived on Sunday to attend the funeral included Soviet First Deputy Premier Anastas Mikoyan, French President Charles de Gaulle, Canadian Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson, the Duke of Edinburgh (representing Queen Elizabeth II), British Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Irish President Éamon de Valera, and Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie.

## References
Viking Press

**Viking Press** (formally **Viking Penguin**, also listed as **Viking Books**) is an American publishing company now owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925. It was bought by the Penguin Group in 1975.

## References
Doubleday (publisher)

**Doubleday** is an American publishing company. It was founded as the **Doubleday & McClure Company** in 1897 and was the largest in the United States by 1947. It published the work of mostly U.S. authors. In 2009 Doubleday merged with Knopf Publishing Group to form the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, which is now part of Penguin Random House.

## References
Maurice Tempelsman

**Maurice Tempelsman** (August 26, 1929 &ndash; August 23, 2025) was a Belgian-American businessman. He was the longtime companion of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, former First Lady of the United States. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium. He is also a general partner of Leon Tempelsman & Son, an investment company specializing in real estate and venture capital.

Tempelsman died of problems caused by a fall at a hospital in New York City on August 23, 2025, three days before his 96th birthday.

## References
Vassar College

**Vassar College** ( ) is a private liberal arts college in Poughkeepsie, New York. It was founded in 1861 by Matthew Vassar. It was the second degree-granting institution of higher education for women in the United States. It became coeducational in 1969.

It was a member of the Seven Sisters, seven historical woman's colleges.
## References
Dizzy (Guilty Gear)

is a fictional character of the *Guilty Gear* series. She was abandoned to her mother *Justice*, and found as an infant about three years before the events of *Guilty Gear X*.
Chapin School

**Chapin School** is an all-girls independent day school located in New York City's Upper East Side neighborhood in Manhattan.

Maria Bowen Chapin opened "Miss Chapin's School for Girls and Kindergarten for Boys and Girls" in 1901. The school originally enrolled 78 students, who were taught by seven teachers.

Chapin is at 100 East End Avenue, at East 84th Street.

First Lady Jackie Kennedy went to school here.

## References
Hugh D. Auchincloss

**Hugh Dudley Auchincloss Jr.** (August 15, 1897 – November 20, 1976) was an American stockbroker and lawyer. He became the second husband of Nina S. Gore, mother of Gore Vidal, and also the second husband of Janet Lee Bouvier, the mother of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (wife of President John F. Kennedy) and Caroline Lee Bouvier.

In 1927, he was appointed an aviation expert in the State Department. Four years later in 1931, he resigned government service to form a brokerage firm.

In 1931, he bought his seat on the New York Stock Exchange for $235,000. 

## References
Fouilloy, Somme

**Fouilloy** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## References
RNA-Seq

) spliced to produce mature mRNA transcripts (red). The mRNA is got from the organism, fragmented and reverse-transcribed into stable double-stranded (ds) cDNA (blue). The ds-cDNA is sequenced using high-throughput, short-read sequencing methods. 
These sequences can then be compared to a reference genome sequence to see which genome regions were being transcribed. This data shows where expressed genes are, their relative expression levels, and any alternative splice variants.]]

**RNA-Seq** (short for "RNA sequencing") is a technique to get snapshots of the continuously changing RNA landscape in a cell.

RNA is a nucleic acid with roles in when, where, and by how much genes are turned on. Classically, sections of DNA are copied to RNA which are decoded into proteins that carry out cellular functions. 

RNAs also have many roles that fall outside this framework. RNA-Seq is typically used to analyze the amount of each gene's RNA in experimental samples. For example, in gene expression and changes made during RNA processing (alternative splicing, editing, mutations, or fusions between RNAs). RNA-Seq requires molecular biology and computational steps. 

Recent advances in RNA-Seq include the ability to study single cells and entire single RNA molecules. It has broad applications in the life sciences from agriculture to medicine.

## References
Charles L. Bartlett (journalist)

**Charles Leffingwell Bartlett** (August 14, 1921 – February 17, 2017) was an American journalist. He won the 1956 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting "for his original disclosures that led to the resignation of Harold E. Talbott as Secretary of the Air Force." He was born in Chicago. He is best known for introducing Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis to John F. Kennedy at a dinner party in the 1950s.

## References
Richard Cushing

**Richard James Cushing** (August 24, 1895 – November 2, 1970) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Boston from 1944 to 1970 and was made a cardinal in 1958.

Cushing died of cancer on November 2, 1970 in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 75.

## References
Kennedy Compound

The **Kennedy Compound** consists of three houses on six acres (24,000 m²) of waterfront property on Cape Cod along Nantucket Sound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in the United States. It was once the home of Joseph P. Kennedy, an American businessman, investor, politician, and U.S. ambassador to Great Britain; his wife, Rose; and their children, including U.S. President John F. Kennedy and U.S. Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Edward M. Kennedy. It was made into a museum after the death of Edward Kennedy in 2009.

## References
Hyannis Port, Massachusetts

**Hyannis Port** (or **Hyannisport**) is a small residential village located in Barnstable, Massachusetts, United States. It is a summer community on Hyannis Harbor, 1.4 miles to the south-southwest of Hyannis.

Hyannis Port is the location of the Kennedy Compound and other Kennedy family residences.

## References
Naruto & Boruto: Shinobi Striker

is a fighting video game, Naruto to Boruto: Shinobi Striker, developed by Soleil Ltd. and published by Namco-Bandai, is a multiplayer online video game released in Japan, North America and Europe on PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows on August 31, 2018. Players go head-to-head in 4 versus 4 battles, with all eight players fighting simultaneously. The game also lets the player create their own character for the very first time.
Maitreya

**Maitreya**, in Buddhist tradition, is the future Buddha. He is presently a bodhisattva living in the Tushita heaven. It is believed that they will descend to Earth to preach the dharma (“law”). This will happen when the teachings of Gautama Buddha have completely decayed. The name *Maitreya* is derived from the Sanskrit *maitrī* (“friendliness”).

## References
1960 Democratic National Convention

The **1960 Democratic National Convention** was held in Los Angeles, California, on July 11–15, 1960. It nominated Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts for president and Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas for vice president.

In the general election, the Kennedy–Johnson ticket won an electoral college victory over the Republican candidates Vice President Richard M. Nixon and UN Ambassador Henry C. Lodge II.

The Biltmore Hotel was selected to serve as the headquarters hotel for the Democratic National Committee.

## References
Jacqueline Kennedy Garden

The **Jacqueline Kennedy Garden** is located at the White House south of the East Colonnade. The garden balances the Rose Garden on the west side of the White House.

The garden was named after First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy on 22 April 1965.

## Other websites 
*History of the White House Gardens and Grounds
*White House Museum page on the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden
National Endowment for the Humanities

The **National Endowment for the Humanities** (**NEH**) is an independent federal agency of the U.S.&nbsp;government. It was created by the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 (). It was created to support research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities. The NEH is housed at 400 7th St SW, Washington, D.C. From 1979 to 2014, NEH was at 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. in the Nancy Hanks Center at the Old Post Office.

## List of Chairpersons
* Barnaby Keeney, 1963&ndash;1965, Chair of National Commission on the Humanities
* Henry Allen Moe, 1965&ndash;66, Interim Chair
* Barnaby Keeney, 1966&ndash;1970
* Wallace Edgerton, Acting Chair, 1970&ndash;71
* Ronald Berman, 1971&ndash;1977
* Robert Kingston, Acting Chair, 1977
* Joseph Duffey, 1977&ndash;81
* William J. Bennett, 1981&ndash;85
* John Agresto, Acting Chair, 1985
* Lynne Cheney, 1986&ndash;1993
* Jerry L. Martin, Acting Chair, 1993
* Donald Gibson, Acting Chair, 1993
* Sheldon Hackney, 1993&ndash;97
* Bruce A. Lehman, Acting Chair, 1997
* William R. Ferris, 1997&ndash;2001
* Bruce Cole, 2001&ndash;2009
* Carole M. Watson, Acting Chair, 2009
* Jim Leach, 2009&ndash;2013
* Carole M. Watson, Acting Chair, 2013&ndash;2014
* William 'Bro' Adams, 2014&ndash;2017
* Margaret "Peggy" Plympton, Acting Chair, 2017&ndash;2018
* Jon Parrish Peede, 2018&ndash;2021 
* Adam Wolfson, Acting Chair, 2021&ndash;2022
* Shelly Lowe, 2022&ndash;Present 

## References
President's Park

'''President's Park''', located in Washington, D.C., includes the White House and the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, the Treasury Building, and grounds; the White House Visitor Center; Lafayette Square; and The Ellipse.  

President's Park was the original name of Lafayette Square. The current President's Park is taken care of by the National Park Service. The park is officially known as President's Park or '''The White House and President's Park'''.

## References
Pamela Turnure

**Pamela Harrison Turnure Timmins** (born 1937) is the first Press Secretary hired to work for a First Lady of the United States. She was the Press Secretary to Jacqueline Kennedy. Turnure reportedly had an affair with 35th President of the United States John F. Kennedy.

## References
Committee for the Preservation of the White House

The **Committee for the Preservation of the White House** is an advisory committee in charge with the preservation of the White House, the official home and principal workplace of the President of the United States. 

The Committee for the Preservation of the White House was created by Executive Order in 1964 by President Lyndon Johnson to replace a temporary White House Furnishings Committee created by First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy during the Kennedy White House restoration (1961–1963).

The Executive Order states that the Curator of the White House, Chief Usher of the White House, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, the Chair of the United States Commission of Fine Arts, and Director of the National Gallery of Art are *Ex-Officio* members of the committee. The Director of the National Park Service is Chair of the Committee, and the First Lady is the Honorary Chair of the committee.

In February 2010, Los Angeles interior designer Michael S. Smith was appointed to the committee; in August of that year, his makeover of the Oval Office was revealed to the public.

## References
White House Office of the Curator

The **White House Office of the Curator** is charged with the conservation and study of the collection of fine art, furniture and decorative objects used to furnish both the public and private rooms of the White House.

The office began in 1961 during the administration of President John F. Kennedy while First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy oversaw the restoration of the White House. The office is located in the ground floor of the White House Executive Residence. 

The most recent White House curator is Lydia Tederick, appointed in 2017.

## References
Leva del Biberón

The **"Leva del Biberón"** (also known as the **"Quinta del Biberón ",** baby bottle in Spanish) was the name given to the levies of 1938 and 1939 throughout the territory that republican Spain still controlled during the last years of the Spanish civil war. Mobilized by order of the President of the Second Spanish Republic, Manuel Azaña, at the end of April 1938. At that time, Franco's troops had attacked Lérida, Gandesa, Balaguer, Tremp and Camarasa and were taking control of the last points of republican resistance.

In total, some 30,000 young people were called up,  coming from all over the national territory on the Republican side: Murcia, Catalonia, Old Castilla and Valencia, among others. They were under the command of Lluís Companys, among whom would be counted future personalities such as Jesús Blasco. First, they had to cover auxiliary tasks, but on July 25, 1938, they were already participating in the Republican offensive of the Battle of the Ebro, the vast majority being minors, reaching, some as children, only 14 years old.

It is believed that it received this name when Federica Montseny referred to all of them in this way: *“Seventeen years old? but they still are sucking the baby bottle!»*.

They were in the bloody battles of Merengue and Baladredo, both at the Segre front during the so-called offensive of Catalonia. They also took part in the Battle of the Ebro  and some were assigned to the Alpine battalion, in the Lleida Pyrenees .

After the war, very different fates ran. Some went into exile in France and ended up in the concentration camps of Argelès-Sur-Mer, Saint-Cyprien and Agda . Others, in the Francoist prisons and in the concentration camps of Vitoria and Miranda de Ebro and others went to battalions of workers distributed throughout Spain and did military service in Zaragoza, Barcelona and even in the Spanish Sahara. Another part of the young people was freed by the Franco regime in case of being captured since, as was normal throughout the conflict, most of the ideology of those called up was not reciprocal to the side that forced them to enlist under duress to a large extent. of the cases.

In 1983, some 307 survivors and 412 relatives founded the «Agrupación de Supervivientes de la Leva del Biberón-41». 

## References
White House Historical Association

The **White House Historical Association**, founded in 1961 through works of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, is a private, non-profit organization that works to preserve the history of the White House and make that history more accessible to the public.

## References
A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy

***A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy*** was a television special featuring the First Lady of the United States, Jacqueline Kennedy, on a tour of the recently renovated White House. It was broadcast on Valentine's Day, February 14, 1962, on both CBS and NBC, and broadcast four days later on ABC. The program was the first televised tour of the White House by a first lady. It is thought to be the first prime-time documentary specifically designed for a female audience.

The program showed Mrs. Kennedy on a tour of the house with CBS News correspondent Charles Collingwood. The videotaped tour was the first view of the White House to the American public.

The broadcast was seen by more than eighty million viewers and syndicated globally to 50 countries, including China and the Soviet Union.

## References
Otis Air National Guard Base

**Otis Air National Guard Base** is an Air National Guard installation located within Joint Base Cape Cod, a military training facility located on the western portion of Cape Cod in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. It was known as **Otis Air Force Base**. It was named in honor of pilot and Boston surgeon Lt. Frank "Jesse" Otis.

## References
John Kenneth Galbraith

**John Kenneth Galbraith**  (October 15, 1908 – April 29, 2006), also known as **Ken Galbraith**, was a Canadian-American economist, diplomat, public official and intellectual. He supported liberalism and post-Keynesian economics.

Galbraith was a long-time Harvard faculty member. 

A Democrat, he worked under the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson. He was United States Ambassador to India under the Kennedy administration. 

Galbraith died of natural causes at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts on April 29, 2006 at the age of 97.

## Notes
## References
Infant respiratory distress syndrome

**Infantile respiratory distress syndrome** (**IRDS**), also called **respiratory distress syndrome of newborn**, or increasingly **surfactant deficiency disorder **(**SDD**), and previously called **hyaline membrane disease** (**HMD**), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by 
developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs. IRDS affects about 1% of newborns and is the leading cause of death in preterm infants.

## References
Anger, Bavaria

**Anger** is a municipality in Berchtesgadener Land, a district *(Landkreis)* in Upper Bavaria.

## References
Green dotted tree frog

The **Green dotted tree frog** or '''Schmidt's Bolivian tree frog'* (*Dendropsophus molitor'') is a frog that lives in Colombia.

## References
Affair

An **affair** is a sexual relationship, romantic friendship, or passionate attachment between two people where at least one of the two has a connection with a third person, either in a marriage or relationship, without the third person's knowledge or agreement.

A romantic affair, also called an affair of the heart, may be about sexual actions of more emotional relationship between two people who may have sex without expecting a more formal romantic relationship.

## References
Piding

**Piding** is a climatic spa in Berchtesgadener Land, a district *(Landkreis)* in Upper Bavaria. It is near to the border of Austria close to Bad Reichenhall and Freilassing.

## Literature 
* Max Wieser: Pidinger Heimatbuch, 1250 Jahre Piding - Verlag Plenk, Berchtesgaden 1985

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
* Tourism website
A48(M) motorway

The **A48(M)** motorway in Wales links Cardiff with Newport. The A48(M) has no junctions and opened in 1977.

## Junctions 
## References 
## Other websites 
* CBRD Motorway Database – A48(M)
* Pathetic Motorways – A48(M)