open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fine-tuned universe

A **universe** that is **fine-tuned** is a universe that is designed well-enough to support life. Life as we know it would be impossible if certain things in physics were slightly different. Our universe is fine-tuned for life, and this is seen as not likely. This is because many things have to come together in a certain way. One explanation for this is the anthropic principle. This means that the universe supports life because we wouldn't be here to wonder that if it didn't. This usage of the anthropic principle is tautological. This means that it is true because it is true.

Another explanation for this is the teleological argument. It is also known as argument from design. This means that an intelligent creator created the universe. It is still unknown if the universe created itself or if it was created by someone or something else.

## Examples 
Martin Rees had six of these examples. Some of these are:

* When four protons become helium, 0.7% of their mass is changed into energy. If it was 0.6%, only hydrogen could exist. If it was more than 0.8%, no hydrogen would exist because it would have all been fused shortly after the Big Bang. Some other physicists disagree with this.
* There are 3 dimensions in spacetime. If there were 2 or 4, life could not exist. If there was more than 1 time dimension, life could not exist either.

## Related pages 
* Origin of life

## References
Tony Momoh

Prince **Tony Momoh** (27 April 1939 – 1 February 2021) was a Nigerian journalist and politician. He was Nigerian Minister of Information and Culture from 1986 to 1990 during the military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida. Momoh was born in Auchi, Nigeria.

He died on 1 February 2021 in Lagos, Nigeria at the age of 81.

## References
Strike Up the Band (movie)

***Strike Up the Band*** is a 1940 American musical movie directed by Busby Berkeley and starring Judy Garland, Mickey Rooney, Paul Whiteman and Orchestra, June Preisser, William Tracy, Margaret Early, Ann Shoemaker, Francis Pierlot, Virginia Brissac, George Lessey. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and won an Academy Award in 1941 and was nominated for 3 others.

## Other websites
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* 
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Blue Skies (movie)

***Blue Skies*** is a 1946 American musical movie directed by Stuart Heisler and Mark Sandrich and starring Bing Crosby, Fred Astaire, Joan Caulfield, Billy De Wolfe, Olga San Juan, Mikhail Rasumny, Frank Faylen. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1947.

## Other websites
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* 
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Lesley Saweard

**Lesley J Saweard** (born 1934) is an English retired actress and former schoolteacher. She is best known as the voice of Christine Barford in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera *The Archers*.

## Early life 
Lesley J Saweard was born in Grimsby, Humberside, England in 1934, as the younger of two children to William Montague Saweard (1889–1977) and Hilda Louisa Saweard (née Kiddle; 1897–1997). She has a elder sister, Barbara (born 1927).

Saweard trained in elocution and drama, but, having lived near a small market town, had never thought of becoming a professional actress.

## Career 
Saweard joined the cast of the BBC Home Service radio soap opera *The Archers* in 1953, as the voice of Christine Barford (born 21 December 1931), the sister of established character, Phil Archer. She had taken over the role from Pamela Mant. She left the serial in 1962 and the role of Christine was recast to Joyce Gibbs. She returned as Christine in 1968. She voiced Christine until her departure in 2019. on the set of *The Archers* in 1954. They had two children together; Simon (born 1962) and Sarah Jane (born 1967). The couple remained married for 41 years until his death in 1997.

Saweard resides in Louth, Lincolnshire.

## Filmography 
### Radio 
### Television 
## References
G Men

***G Men*** is a 1935 American crime drama movie directed by William Keighley and starring James Cagney, Margaret Lindsay, Ann Dvorak, Robert Armstrong, Barton MacLane, Lloyd Nolan, William Harrigan, Russell Hopton, Edward Pawley. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1936.

## Other websites
* 
* 
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Jamie Tarses

**Sara James Tarses** (March 19, 1964 – February 1, 2021) was an American television producer and television studio executive. Tarses was the President of ABC Entertainment from 1996 to 1999. She was the first woman and one of the youngest people to hold such a post in an American broadcast network. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She helped produce *Friends*, *My Boys* and *Happy Endings*.

Tarses died of cardiac arrest caused by a stroke on February 1, 2021 at the age of 56.

## References
Peter T. Fay

**Peter Thorp Fay** (January 18, 1929 – January 31, 2021) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit from 1981 until his death. He was nominated for the Court of Appeals by President Ronald Reagan. Fay was also the United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida from 1970 to 1976. He was nominated by for the District Court by President Gerald Ford. He was born in Rochester, New York.

Fay died on January 31, 2021 in Miami, Florida at the age of 92.

## References
Andrew Brooks

**Andrew Ira Brooks** (February 10, 1969January 23, 2021) was an American immunologist, academic, and businessman. He was an associate research professor at Rutgers University. He created the first FDA-approved rapid saliva test for COVID-19 diagnosis.

Brooks died on January 23, 2021 from a heart attack in New York City, aged 51.

## References
Jean Dubois (field hockey)

**Jean Marie Joseph François Dubois ** (4 October 1926 – 1 February 2021) was a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in four summer Olympics between 1948 and 1960. 

Dubois died on 1 February 2021 at the age of 94.

## References
Kjersti Døvigen

**Kjersti Døvigen** (27 June 1943 &ndash; 1 February 2021) was a Norwegian actress. She was born in Oslo, Norway. She acted in *Elskere* (1963), *Douglas* (1970), *The Last Fleksnes* (1974), *Lasse & Geir* (1976), *Bør Børson II* (1976) and *Life and Death* (1980).

Døvigen died on 1 February 2021 in Oslo, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ricky Powell

**Ricky Powell** (November 20, 1961 – February 1, 2021) was an American photographer. He was known for his works with the Beastie Boys. His pictures were seen in *The New York Times*, the *New York Post*, the *Daily News*, *The Village Voice*, *TIME*, *Newsweek*, *VIBE*, *The Source* and *Rolling Stone*. He was born in New York City.

Powell died on February 1, 2021 from heart failure in New York City, aged 59.

## References
Nine Inch Nails live performances

, Ilan Rubin, Trent Reznor, and Alessandro Cortini]]

The rock band Nine Inch Nails started doing tours when it was first made in 1988. Trent Reznor started the band and does most of the work for the band's studio. The band has played in many festivals. For example, they played at Woodstock '94, Lollapalooza in 1991 and 2008, and the MTV Video Music Awards. Before 2013, they did 938 gigs.

Nine Inch Nails does not play the same in concerts than when they do in studios. Reznor makes and plays most of the band's music. Other people might sing or play instruments if it is needed for the song. Reznor makes groups of backing musicians (people who play for concerts). Alessandro Cortini (one of the band's keyboardists) said that how the band plays in studios and in CDs is  from how they play in concerts.

Before 2016, Reznor was the only  of the band. Nine Inch Nails' concerts have lighting effects used for the stage. The effects have been done by Reznor and Rob Sheridan starting in 1999. Three tours have been talked about in albums and documentaries.

Critics have said that the tours are good. Some critics talk about how the stage feels . They also liked the effects that the stage uses. In 2008, Reznor wanted the band to stop touring after 2009. They started touring again in 2013.

## References
Nick Robinson (American actor)

**Nicholas John Robinson** (born March 22, 1995) is an American actor. He starred in *Melissa & Joey* (2010–2015) and played Simon in *Love, Simon* (2018).

## References
## Other websites
*
Tamara Rylova

**Tamara Nikolayevna Rylova** (; 1 October 1931 &ndash; 1 February 2021) was a Russian speed skater. He was born in Vologda, Soviet Union. He won a bronze medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics. 

Rylova died on 1 February 2021 in Moscow, aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Tamara Rylova at SkateResults.com 
* Results of Soviet Championships at SpeedSkating.ru 
* Short biography of Tamara Rylova (in Russian)
Port Washington (town), Wisconsin

**Port Washington** is a town in Ozaukee County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. At the 2020 census, 1,538 people lived here.

## References
Love, Simon

***Love, Simon*** is a 2018 American romantic comedy drama movie directed by Greg Berlanti. It stars Nick Robinson, Josh Duhamel, and Jennifer Garner.

*Love, Simon* premiered at the Mardi Gras Film Festival on February 27, 2018. It was released in the United States on March 16, 2018, by 20th Century Fox.

A television series titled *Love, Victor*, set in the same universe as the movie.

## References
Johnny Doughboy

***Johnny Doughboy*** is a 1942 American musical comedy movie directed by John H. Auer and starring Jane Withers, Henry Wilcoxon, William Demarest, Ruth Donnelly, Etta McDaniel, Bobby Breen. It was distributed by Republic Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1943.

## Other websites
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Stock character

A **stock character** is a stereotype fictional character. In a theatre, novel, play or film, the audience immediately knows about him or her without further explanation. All types of fiction use this device, especially comedy.
 
They have been used in all forms of theatre, right back to the Ancient Greek theatre. The Star Wars movie franchise offers many examples. They are archetypal characters, simplified and "flat". As a result, they may  be easy targets for parody, and criticized as clichés. Stock characters help to identify a genre or subgenre. For example, a fairy tale or fantasy is likely to have a knight-errant as hero and a witch as opposition.

One stock character often used is the low-class character(s) who warn the hero of danger to come. Examples:
*The witches who warn Macbeth that he will not be defeated "until Birnam wood move to high Dunsinane", and that "no man of woman born" may harm him.
* A beggar tells Caesar "beware the Ides of March!". 

It seems their function is to introduce the idea of fatalism, the idea that we are not masters of our fate. Human fame and glory is temporary. Even Achilles has his weakness.

As the hero falls, he is usually allowed a final comment. Caesar's was "Et tu, Brute?" meaning "Not you as well, Brutus?" That's known as a valediction (means a farewell comment). Shakespeare has many examples: Another famous example is Richard III's last cry of "A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse!"

## References
Hans de Boer

**Hans Andries de Boer** (born 30 May 1937) is a former Dutch politician. He was a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. He was born in Velsen, Netherlands. De Boer was a member of the House of Representatives from 1972 to 1981 and again from 1982 to 1983. He was Minister of Culture in 1982 and Mayor of Haarlemmermeer from 1983 to 1985.

## References
## Other websites
* Parlement.com
The Lost Weekend

***The Lost Weekend*** is a 1945 American drama movie directed by Billy Wilder and was based on the 1944 novel of the same by Charles R. Jackson. It stars Ray Milland, Jane Wyman, Phillip Terry, Doris Dowling, Howard Da Silva, Frank Faylen, Lilian Fontaine, Frank Orth and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It won 4 Academy Awards in 1946 and was nominated for 3 others.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Dative case

In grammar, the **dative case** is the grammatical case used to show the object of an action (the thing the verb acts on).

For example, "Maria gave Jacob a drink". In this example, Jacob is the dative as he is being given the drink, he is what the verb ("gave") is acting upon.
Manimuthar River

**Manimuthar** is the name of four different rivers in Tamil Nadu, India:

* Manimuthar River (tributary of Thamirabarani)
* Manimuthar River (tributary of Vellar), a river in Tamil Nadu, India
* Thirumanimuthar River (tributary of Kaveri), a river in Tamil Nadu, India
* Manimuthar River (tributary of Pambar), a river in Tamil Nadu, India
USS Somerset

'*USS *Somerset'''* may mean:

* USS *Somerset* (1862), a side wheel ferryboat launched and purchased in 1862 and sold in 1865; the rejuvenated *Somerset* began a career as a New York ferryboat until 1914
* *Somerset* (motorboat) (USS *Somerset* (ID-2162)), a Maryland State Fisheries Force motor boat that served in World War I
* USS *Somerset* (AK-212), an Alamosa-class cargo ship, launched in January 1945 and struck in December 1945
* USS *Somerset'' (LPD-25), a San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock launched in April 2012
Puducherry

**Puducherry** or **Pondicherry** may mean:
* Puducherry (union territory), a union territory of India
** Pondicherry, capital of the union territory of Puducherry
** Puducherry district, a district of the union territory of Puducherry
** Puducherry taluk, a taluk of the union territory of Puducherry
** Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency), a parliament constituency comprising the union territory of Puducherry
* Pondicherry shark
* Pondicherry University
* Puducherry Technological University
* Puducherry football team
* Bridgton, Maine or Pondicherry
* It's a popular destination for tourists, known for its French architecture, beaches, and festivals

## Related pages
* Battle of Pondicherry
* Siege of Pondicherry (disambiguation)
Mire language

**Mire**, or **Mulgi**, is an East Chadic language spoken by around 5,000 people in southwestern Chad. It is mainly spoken in Tandjile Prefecture and Lai Prefecture. Most speakers speak Ndam or Kimré as a second language.

## References
Mulgi

**Mulgi** may be:

* Mulgi, Estonia, a village in Mulgi Parish, Estonia
* Mulgi Parish, Estonia
* Mire language
* a dialect of South Estonian
Ndam language

**Ndam**, also known as **Dam** or **Ndamm**, is an East Chadic language spoken by around 6,500 people in southwestern Chad. It is spoken mainly in the Tandjilé and Lai Prefectures. There are two dialects of the language: Ndam Dik (northern), and Ndam-Ndam (southern).

## References
The Goon Show

***The Goon Show*** was a British radio comedy programme, produced and broadcast by the BBC Home Service from 1951 to 1960. Occasional repeats were on the BBC Light Programme. The first series was broadcast from 28 May to 20 September 1951. It was titled ***Crazy People***; later series had the title *The Goon Show*.

The show's chief creator and main writer was Spike Milligan. 
The show was acted by Peter Sellers, Harry Secombe and Milligan. Michael  Bentine was also a member until 1953. 

Each of the actors played several stock characters, a regular pattern in radio and theatrical comedy. By "stock characters" is meant characters whose idiosyncracies (peculiaririties) is well understood by the listening audience. This was also a feature of much music hall entertainment.

The scripts mixed ludicrous plots with surreal humour, puns, catchphrases and an array of bizarre sound effects. Some of the later episodes had electronic effects devised by the fledgling BBC Radiophonic Workshop. Many of these ideas were reused by other shows for decades. Elements of the show satirised life in Britain, parodying aspects of show business, commerce, industry, art, politics, diplomacy, the police, the military, education, class structure, literature and films.

The show was preceded by Ted Ray's ''Ray's a Laugh* as the key comedy programme on BBC radio.

The *Goon Show* had an influence on the later BBC television series *Monty Python''. Both were absurdist comedies.

## References
Tumak language

**Tumak** (also known as **Toumak**, **Tumag**, **Tummok**, **Sara Toumak**, **Tumac**, and **Dije**) is an East Chadic language spoken by around 25,000 people in southwestern Chad. The language is similar to the Motun and Mawer languages. Some think they are different dialects of the same language.

## References 
* Jean-Pierre Caprile, Lexique Tumak-Français (Tchad) (1975). Dietrich Reimer, 140 pp.&nbsp;.
Mount Semeru

**Mount Semeru** is a active volcano in the island of Java, Indonesia. 

Mount Semeru has a elevation of 3.676 m above sea level. The mountain is in East Java, between the Lumajang and Malang regency. Its geographical position is between 8°06' SL and 120°55' EL.

## References
Airborne transmission

An **airborne transmission** is transmission of diseases through small particulates that can be passed through the air over time and distance. 

Diseases that can be infected through airborne transmission may be viruses, bacteria, or fungi, and they may be spread through breathing, talking, coughing, sneezing, raising of dust, spraying of liquids or even flushing toilets.

## References
Objective, Burma!

***Objective, Burma!*** is a 1945 American World War II action movie directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Errol Flynn, James Brown, William Prince, George Tobias, Henry Hull, Warner Anderson. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was nominated for three Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
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Gabriele Patriarca

**Gabriele Patriarca** (10 July 1916 – 2 September 1988) was an Italian informalist painter and member of the art movement Scuola Romana.

## Bibliography 
* Catalog Quadriennale d'arte di Roma,*Premio nazionale di paesaggio Autostrada del Sole*: novembre 1961-gennaio 1962, Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Roma.
* Catalog, *IV Rassegna di Arti Figurative di Roma e del Lazio*, Edizioni dell'Ateneo, 1963, Roma, pp.&nbsp;24.
* Catalog, ''Prima Mostra Nazionale d'Arte Sacra*, Roma, 14-24 aprile 1965, pp.&nbsp;21.
* Catalog, *Pittori e pittura contemporanea'', Edizioni IL QUADRATO, 1970, Milano, pp.&nbsp;487.
* Catalog, Cinque momenti pittorici : Luisa Catanea, Carlomonti, Quirino Cervelli, Gabriele Patriarca, Carlo Speranza / a cura di Gaetano M. Bonifati, 1979.
* Catalog, Gabriele Patriarca, CIDA Edizioni d'Arte, 1986.
* Catalog, Gabriele Patriarca : Mostra antologica 1948-1988.

## Related pages
* List of Italian painters

## Notes
## Other websites
* Archivio digitale Galleria Nazionale d'arte, GNAM, Roma, photo of Gabriele Patriarca (painter).
Joshua Hamidu

Lieutenant General **Joshua Mahamadu Hamidu** (1936 – 2 February 2021) was a Ghanaian soldier, politician and diplomat. He was the Chief of Defence Staff from 1978 to 1979. He was the Ghanaian High Commissioner to Zambia in 1978 for a short time. He was also High Commissioner to Zambia from 2003 to 2005. 

Hamidu died on 2 February 2021 at an Accra hospital.

## References
Sylvirana nigrovittata

The **black-striped frog**, **black-spotted frog**, **black-sided wood frog**, **Sapgreen Stream frog**, **Mengla frog**, **dark-sided frog** or **Hekou frog** (*Sylvirana nigrovittata*) is a frog from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China,Vietnam, Laos and Thailand. It can live as high as 1100 meters above sea level.

## References
The Bells of St. Mary's

'''''The Bells of St. Mary's'''* is a 1945 American drama movie directed by Leo McCarey and is the sequel to the 1944 movie *Going My Way''. It stars Bing Crosby, Ingrid Bergman, Henry Travers, William Gargan, Ruth Donnelly, Joan Carroll, Martha Sleeper, Una O'Connor and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for 8 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
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Belle of the Yukon

***Belle of the Yukon*** is a 1944 American musical western comedy movie directed by William A. Seiter and starring Randolph Scott, Gypsy Rose Lee, Dinah Shore, Bob Burns, Charles Winniger, Robert Armstrong, Florence Bates, Victor Kilian. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
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* 
*
Taare Zameen Par

***Taare Zameen Par*** (titled ***Like Stars on Earth*** internationally) is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language family drama movie.  Amir Khan produced and directed it. The film stars Darsheel Safary and Aamir Khan.  It is about a child with dyslexia.

## Story
The film is about a 8-year-old dyslexic child named Ishaan Awasthi. He does well in art class but not in his other classes. His teachers and principal gives him a report card showing his low grades, so his parents send him to boarding school.  The teachers there are unkind to him.  He becomes very sad. However, Ishaan's new art teacher is not abusive at all. He is nice and expresses concern about Ishaan. The new art teacher figures out that he is dyslexic and helps him to overcome his disability.

## Production
The film stars Darsheel Safary as 8-year-old Ishaan, Vipin Sharma and Tisca Chopra as Ishaan's parents, Sachet Engineer as Ishaan's brother, and Aamir Khan plays his art teacher.

Creative director and writer Amole Gupte developed the idea with his wife Deepa Bhatia, who served as the film's editor. Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the film's score, and Prasoon Joshi wrote the lyrics for many of the songs. Principal photography took place in Mumbai and in Panchgani's New Era High School. Some of the school's students make appearances. 

The film was released on December 21, 2007 and won awards, including the Filmfare Award for Best Film for 2008 and the 2008 National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare. It was India's official entry for the 2009 Academy Awards Best Foreign Film but did not go further to the short-list.

## Cast 
* Darsheel Safary as Ishaan 'Inu' Awasthi: Maya & Nandkishore's son
* Aamir Khan as Ram Shankar Nikumbh: An art teacher & Ishaan's tutor 
* Tanay Chheda as Rajan Damodran, Ishaan's best friend and classmate at boarding school
* Sachet Engineer as Yohaan 'Dada' Awasthi: Ishaan's brother
* Tisca Chopra as Maya Awasthi: Ishaan and Yohaan's mother 
* Vipin Sharma as Nandkishore Awasthi, Ishaan and Yohaan's father 
* Girija Oak as Jabeen: Ram Shankar's co-worker
* Bugs Bhargava as SeN SiR & Shankar Sachdev as Tiwari SiR, Two teachers at New Era High School 
* M. K. Raina as the principal of New Era High School
* Sonali Sachdev as Irene Teacher: An English teacher at Ishaan's former school.
* Meghna Malik as Victoria Teacher: A Math teacher of Ishaan's former school.
* Lalita Lajmi as herself (Cameo)

## References
Alabama's 6th congressional district

'''Alabama's 6th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in the state of Alabama. The congressional district elects a representative for the United States House of Representatives. The district is made up of the counties of Jefferson County, Bibb, Blount, Chilton, Coosa, and Shelby. Parts of the city of Birmingham are in the district. The district has been represented by Republican Gary Palmer since 2014.

## Election history
## References
Maureen Colquhoun

**Maureen Morfydd Colquhoun** ( ; (12 August 1928 – 2 February 2021) was a British economist and Labour Party politician. She was born in London. She was a Member of parliament from 1974 to 1979. Colquhoun was Britain's first openly lesbian MP.

Colquhoun died on 2 February 2021, aged 92.

## References
Grant Jackson (baseball)

**Grant Dwight Jackson** (September 28, 1942 – February 2, 2021) was an American professional baseball pitcher and coach.

Jackson played in Major League baseball (MLB) from  to  for the Philadelphia Phillies, Baltimore Orioles, New York Yankees, Pittsburgh Pirates, Montreal Expos, and Kansas City Royals.

After Jackson’s playing career, he was a coach for the Pirates and Cincinnati Reds.

Jackson died on February 2, 2021 from problems caused by COVID-19 in North Strabane Township, Pennsylvania, aged 78.

## References
## Other websites
*Grant Jackson at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
Chad Colley

**Ralph "Chad" Colley Jr** (May 13, 1944 – January 30, 2021) was an American para-alpine skier, army officer and activist for disabled Americans. He won a gold medal at the 1992 Paralympic Games. Colley was born in Fort Smith, Arkansas.

Colley died on January 30, 2021 at the age of 76.

## References
Jacqueline Shumiatcher

**Jacqueline Clay Shumiatcher**,   (April 29, 1923 – February 1, 2021) was a French-born Canadian philanthropist, arts patron, and art collector. She and her husband Morris C. Shumiatcher began supporting the arts community in Regina, Saskatchewan.

In 2014 she donated 1,310 Inuit sculptures and paintings by the Regina Five, worth C$3 million, to the University of Regina. She was honored the Saskatchewan Order of Merit in 2001 and the Order of Canada in 2017. She was born in Vendin-le-Vieil, Pas de Calais.

Shumiatcher died on February 1, 2021 at the age of 97.

## References
The Story of G.I. Joe

***The Story of G.I. Joe*** is a 1945 American war movie directed by William A. Wellman and starring Burgess Meredith, Robert Mitchum, Freddie Steele, Wally Cassell. It was distributed by United Artists and was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
*
* 
*
The Southerner (1945 movie)

***The Southerner*** is a 1945 American drama movie directed by Jean Renoir and was based on the 1941 novel *Hold Autumn in Your Hand* by George Sessions Perry. It stars Zachary Scott, Betty Field, J. Carrol Naish, Beulah Bondi, Percy Kilbride, Charles Kemper, Blanche Yurka, Norman Lloyd, Estelle Taylor and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
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* 
*
Andy Jassy

**Andrew R. Jassy** (born January 13, 1968) is an American businessman. Jassy is the CEO of Amazon. He was the CEO of Amazon Web Services (AWS). He is also one of the minority owners of the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League.

Jassy replaced Jeff Bezos as CEO of Amazon on July 5, 2021.

## References
Amazon Web Services

**Amazon Web Services** (**AWS**) is part of Amazon and gives on-demand cloud computing platforms to people, companies, and governments.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Alabama's 7th congressional district

'''Alabama's 7th congressional district''' is a United States congressional district in the state of Alabama that elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. The district includes the counties of Choctaw, Dallas, Greene, Hale, Lowndes, Marengo, Pickens, Perry, Sumter and Wilcox. Parts of Clarke, Jefferson, Montgomery and Tuscaloosa counties are in the district. The district also has parts of the cities of Birmingham, Montgomery and Tuscaloosa/Northport city areas.

The 7th congressional district is the only congressional district in Alabama to be represented by a Democrat. The representative is Terri Sewell. The district was created in 1843 and has only been represented by a Republican for 6 years. When the districts were being drawn again in 2010 the Republicans in Alabama drew the district to have many of the Democratic Party counties in Alabama so there would only be one Democratic congressional district in Alabama. This is called gerrymandering.

## Election history
## References
No. 2 (movie)

***No. 2*** is a 2006 New Zealand comedy drama movie directed by Toa Fraser and was based on the 2000 play of the same name. It stars Ruby Dee, Taungaroa Emile, Tuva Novotny, Rene Naufahu, Nathaniel Lees, Antony Starr, Pio Terei, Xavier Horan and was distributed by Miramax Films.

## Other websites
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A Song to Remember

***A Song to Remember*** is a 1945 American biographical movie directed by Charles Vidor and starring Cornel Wilde, Paul Muni, Merle Oberon, Nina Foch, George Coulouris, Howard Freeman, Stephen Bekassy. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was nominated for six Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
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* 
*
Love Letters (1945 movie)

***Love Letters*** is a 1945 American romantic drama movie directed by William Dieterle and was based on the novel *Pity My Simplicity* by Christopher Massie. It stars Jennifer Jones, Joseph Cotten, Ann Richards, Cecil Kellaway, Gladys Cooper, Anita Louise, Reginald Denny and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for four Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Koreans in China

The Korean ethnic group in China is an immigrant group which means people from North and South Korea stay there permanently.

The size of the ethnic group is  2,489,076 (in year 2009).1,830,929 are ethnic Koreans with Chinese citizenship (in 2010).

The languages are Mandarin, Cantonese and Korean.
## References
The Man Who Walked Alone

***The Man Who Walked Alone*** is a 1945 American romantic comedy movie directed by Christy Cabanne and starring Dave O'Brien, Kay Aldridge, Walter Catlett, Guinn "Big Boy" Williams, Isabel Randolph, Smith Ballew. It was distributed by PRC Pictures, Inc. and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
*
*
*
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

The **Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity** is a UNESCO award which recognises the special cultural activities round the world. By "oral and intangible" is meant *activities of people which leave no permanent trace*.

The award was started in 2001. It hopes to "raise awareness of intangible cultural heritage, and encourage local communities to protect them and the local people who do these forms of cultural expressions". Several manifestations of intangible heritage around the world were awarded the title of *Masterpieces* to recognize the value of the *non-material component of culture*.

The list is: *UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists*.
This Love of Ours

***This Love of Ours*** is a 1945 American romantic drama movie directed by William Dieterle and was based on a play by Luigi Pirandello. It stars Merle Oberon, Claude Rains, Charles Korvin, Carl Esmond, Sue England, Jess Barker, Helene Thimig, Ralph Morgan, Harry Davenport, Howard Freeman and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946. It was distributed by Universal Pictures and was remade as *Never Say Goodbye* in 1956.

## Other websites
*
Obscene phone call

An **obscene phone call** is when someone uses bad, sexual or hateful language while talking to another person on a telephone.

In many U.S. states, making an obscene telephone call is a Class 1 Misdemeanor.

The victims of substandard or obscene telephone calls should hang up on the callers and report the incidents to their telephone company or local police.

Even if/when Caller IDs aren't shown, calls are logged by the telephone company. This is so the obscene caller's number can be discovered. But many obscene phone callers use payphones or mobile phones instead of regular landline phones.

Obscene phone callers are often male. However, there are many female obscene phone callers.

Some obscene phone callers have trouble forming relationships, so making obscene telephone calls is the only way they express themselves.

The usual age for making such telephone calls is the teenage years, particularly ages 12 to 16. The average age is 14.

## References
Sylvirana montosa

***Sylvirana montosa*** is a frog from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Scientists first saw it on Phou Khaonok Mountain, 545 meters above sea level.

Scientists think this frog is related to *Sylvirana mortenseni*.

## References
Caller ID

**Caller identification** (Caller ID) is a telephone service. It is available in analog and digital telephone systems. That includes voice over IP (voIP). 

The information received from the service is shown on a telephone display screen.

## Type II caller ID
In early 1995, Bellcore released another type of modulation, similar to Bell 202. It became possible to send caller ID information while a user was already on the telephone. This service became **call waiting ID**.

Smartphones use third-party mobile apps to do name look ups.
Wopke Hoekstra

**Wopke Bastiaan Hoekstra** (born 30 September 1975) is a Dutch politician and former consultant. He is party leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

Hoekstra studied law at Leiden University and obtained an MBA at INSEAD in Fontainebleau and Singapore. He worked at Shell and McKinsey & Company.

From 2011 to 2017, he was a member of the Senate. From 2017 to 2022, he was finance minister in the Third Rutte cabinet, as successor of Jeroen Dijsselbloem. He has been foreign minister and also second deputy prime minister in the Fourth Rutte cabinet since January 2022.

As successor of Hugo de Jonge, Hoekstra has been leading the CDA party since December 2020, and was therefore heading the CDA list for the general elections of 2021.

Wopke Hoekstra was born in Bennekom and is a Remonstrant. With his wife he has four children; they live in Bussum.

## References 
* Bio at Parlement.com

## Other websites 
* Bio at Government.nl
Treaty of Nanking

The British forced China to sign the **Treaty of Nanking** after China lost the First Opium War in 1842. The treaty stated that China had to give Britain Hong Kong, 2 billion dollars cash, and open 5 port cities. This led China to give up sovereignty to Europe.

## References
Laistrygones

The **Laistrygones**, **Laestrygones** or **Lestrygonians** are a race from ancient Greek mythology.  They are giants who eat humans.  They appear in the *Odyssey* by Homer.
## References
Bennekom

**Bennekom** (Low Saxon: *Bennekum*) is a village in the municipality of Ede, province of Gelderland, the Netherlands.

From 1812 to 1818 Bennekom also was a municipality.

About 15,000 people live in this village.

Bennekom lies south of the A24 motorway, and between the city of Ede in the north and the town of Wageningen in the south.

## References 
* Plaatsengids.nl
Edith Bunker

**Edith Bunker** is a fictional character from the 1970s sitcom *All in the Family*. She is the kind but sometimes clueless wife to Archie Bunker in the show. Edith Bunker is played by actress Jean Stapleton. Edith was first seen in the first episode of *All in the Family* which premiered on January 12, 1971. Edith was also in ''Archie Bunker's Place'' a little but dies of a stroke when not on the show .
Dil Chahta Hai

***Dil Chahta Hai*** (transl. The Heart Desires) is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age musical romantic comedy-drama movie, directed, produced, and written by Farhan Akhtar. It was also produced by Ritesh Sidhwani. The movie stars Aamir Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Akshaye Khanna, Preity Zinta, Sonali Kulkarni and Dimple Kapadia. The movie is set in present-day metropolitan Mumbai and Sydney, and spotlights on a significant time of progress in the romantic lives of three college-alumni friends. The music was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy.

The movie released on August 10, 2001 to positive reviews and was a success at the box office. In 2001, the movie won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi. Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy won the Best Music Director award.

## Cast 
* Aamir Khan as Akash Malhotra

* Saif Ali Khan as Sameer Mulchandani

* Akshaye Khanna as Siddharth "Sid" Sinha

* Preity Zinta as Shalini

* Sonali Kulkarni as Pooja

* Dimple Kapadia as Tara Jaiswal

* Ayub Khan as Rohit

* Rajat Kapoor as Mahesh

* Suchitra Pillai as Priya

* Samantha Treymane as Deepa

* Suhasini Mulay as Sid's Mother
* Ahmed Khan as A K Malhotra, Aakash's Father
* Kannu Gill as Aakash's Mother
* Rakesh Pandey as Rohit's Father
* Smita Oak as Rohit's Mother
* Anjula Bedi as Sameer's Mother
* Yusuf Hussain as Naresh, Pooja's Father
* Shail Mehta as Pooja's Mother
* Kiran Rao as Deepa's Friend
* Raj Zutshi as Ajay's voice (Tara'a ex-husband)
* Mandala Tayde as Sid's Partner (She appears towards the end of movie where Sid looks at her in fort)
* Simran Makhija as Eesha, Tara's daughter
* Beatrice Gibson as Kristine

## Soundtrack 
## References
Collective unconscious

Divine Comedy Illustrated by Botticelli 
 By Carl Jung, underworld represents anxious aspect of collective unconscious in many cultures]]
**Collective unconscious** refers to the things in the unconscious mind that are shared between beings of the same species. The term was made by Carl Jung. He said that the human collective unconscious is made up of instincts and archetypes. An archetype is a universal symbol. Some of the archetypes that Carl Jung talked about were The Great Mother, the Wise Old Man, the Shadow, Water, and the Tree of Life. He argued that the collective unconscious had a big influence on people's lives. Critics of the idea say that it is unscientific, fatalistic, or very hard to test scientifically.

## Related pages 
* Blank state
* Evolutionary psychology

## References
Tim McIntire

**Timothy John McIntire** (July 19, 1944 – April 15, 1986) was an American actor who is best known for playing the fictional character Alan Freed in the movie *American Hot Wax* (1978). He played Dickie in the 1968 pilot episode of *All in the Family*. But McIntire was replaced and the character's name was changed to "Michael Stivic". He is the son of John McIntire. McIntire had problems with alcohol and drugs and died on April 15, 1986 from congestive heart failure.

## Other websites 
*
Surströmming

**Surströmming** is a Swedish dish that is made by fermenting herring. It has been made at least since the 16th century. The herring is caught in spring, and just enough salt will be added so it does not spoil. The herring will ferment for at least six months. As a result, the dish has a strong smell, and an acidic taste. Since the 1940s, it is forbidden to sell Surströmming of the same year before the third thursday in August. While the decree is no longer valid, the producers still keep that date as begin of the sales of this year's batch. Very often, Baltic herring is used instead of Atlantic herring. Baltic herring is much smaller.

## References
Vincent Gardenia

s]]
**Vincent Gardenia** (January 7, 1920 – December 9, 1992) was an Italian-American actor. He was born in Ercolano, Italy. In 1955, Gardenia was in *Gunsmoke*. Vincent Gardenia played Frank Lorenzo in the famous 1970s sitcom *All in the Family*. In 1990, Vincent won the Outstanding Supporting Actor award.

Gardenia died on December 9, 1992 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the age of 72.

## Other websites 
*
Girls in the Hood

**"Girls in the Hood"** is a hip hop song under American rapper Megan Thee Stallion. The song is off her studio album *Good News* (2020). Writing credits were given to Ice Cube, Eazy-E and Dr. Dre. 

The song heavily samples Eazy-E's 1987 song "Boyz-n-the-Hood". There is also a "modern" spin on the song.

The song is about misogyny (mistreatment of women by some men).

"Girls in the Hood" went to number 28 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100.

## References
Gloria Stivic

**Gloria Stivic** is a fictional character from the American sitcom, *All in the Family* and *Gloria*. Gloria is the only child of Archie Bunker and Edith Bunker. Gloria is married to Michael Stivic in the show and they have a son. But Gloria and Michael get divorced and Gloria raises her son by herself. Gloria is played by actress Sally Struthers. Gloria is played by Kelly Jean Peters in the first pilot episode of *All in the Family* and the by Candice Azzara in the second pilot.
Michael Stivic

**Michael Casimir "Mike" Stivic** is a fictional character from the American sitcom, *All in the Family*. Michael is played by actor Rob Reiner. Michael Stivic is of Polish descent and is the husband to Gloria Stivic in the show. They have one son together. Michael argues with Archie Bunker many times and Archie calls him a "Meathead." After the end of *All in the Family* Michael was in one episode of ''Archie Bunker's Place* but Rob Reiner did not agree to play the character again in the show *Gloria*. In *Gloria'' it is said that Michael divorces Gloria to live at a commune in California with another woman.
Brewster's Millions (1945 movie)

'''''Brewster's Millions''''' is a 1945 American comedy movie directed by Allan Dwan and is the fifth adaption of the 1902 novel of the same name by George Barr McCutcheon and the 1906 play of the same name. It stars Dennis O'Keefe, Helen Walker, June Havoc, Gail Patrick, Mischa Auer, Nana Bryant, John Litel, Joe Sawyer and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Paris Underground (movie)

***Paris Underground***, also known as ***Madame Pimpernel***, is a 1945 American World War II drama movie directed by Gregory Ratoff and was based on the memoir of the same name by Etta Shiber. It stars Constance Bennett, Gracie Fields, Kurt Kreuger, Leslie Vincent, Eily Malyon, Gregory Gaye, George Rigaud, Vladimir Sokoloff, Richard Ryen and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
*
Kubo and the Two Strings

***Kubo and the Two Strings*** is a 2016 American animated fantasy movie by Laika set in Japan. It stars Charlize Theron, Art Parkinson, Ralph Fiennes, George Takei, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Brenda Vaccaro, Rooney Mara, and Matthew McConaughey. It was released on August 13, 2016. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Film.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
The Woman in the Window

***The Woman in the Window*** is a 1944 American crime thriller movie directed by Fritz Lang and was based on the novel *Once Off Guard* by J. H. Wallis. It stars Edward G. Robinson, Joan Bennett, Raymond Massey, Edmund Breon, Arthur Loft and was distributed by RKO Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Candice Azzara

**Candice Azzara** (born May 18, 1945) is an American actress. She was in the movies ''Ocean's Twelve* and *Fatso*. Azzara played Gloria Stivic is the second pilot episode of *All in the Family''.

## Other websites 
*
Waterloo tube station

**Waterloo** is a London Underground station located behind the terminus of the South West Main Line from Waterloo National Rail station. The station then opened on 8 August 1898 as part of Waterloo & City Railway, and is the 12th busiest tube station in London. 

## Adjacents 
The neighbours are Embankment, Westminster, Southwark, Lambeth North, Kennington and Bank. 

## References
Tonight and Every Night

***Tonight and Every Night*** is a 1945 American musical movie directed by Victor Saville and was based on the 1942 play *Heart of the City* by Lesley Storm. It stars Rita Haywood, Lee Bowman, Janet Blair, Leslie Brooks, Dusty Anderson, Jim Bannon, Florence Bates and was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Sunbonnet Sue

***Subonnet Sue*** is a 1945 American musical comedy movie directed by Ralph Murphy and starring Gale Storm, Phil Regan, George Cleveland, Minna Gombell, Edna Holland, Raymond Hatton, Alan Mowbray. It was distributed by Monogram Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Rhapsody in Blue (movie)

***Rhapsody in Blue*** is a 1945 American biographical movie directed by Irving Rapper and starring Robert Alda, Will Wright, Joan Leslie, Hazel Scott, Alexis Smith, Charles Coburn, Oscar Levant, Julie Bishop, Albert Bassermann, Al Jolson. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Why Girls Leave Home

***Why Girls Leave Home*** is a 1945 American drama movie directed by William Berke and starring Lola Lane, Sheldon Leonard, Pamela Blake, Elisha Cook Jr., Paul Guilfoyle, Constance Worth, Claudia Drake, Virginia Brissac, Fred Kohler. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

## Other websites
*
Kizuna AI

is a Japanese VTuber. She has around 5 million followers on YouTube and Bilibili. Kizuna AI posted her first YouTube video on her “A.I. Channel” on 29 November 2016. She opened a second channel, “A.I.Games” on 29 November 2016, and a third channel, “A.I.Channel China” in June 2019 for people in China.

Kizuna says that she is the world's first virtual YouTuber. However the first channel to use a character made with computer graphics on YouTube was Ami Yamato. Kizuna’s videos are similar to many other YouTubers. She does discussions, Q&A videos, and “Let’s Play” videos. Kizuna only speaks Japanese, so fans write translations for her videos. Kizuna has performed at anime gatherings and has also worked with game companies.

Kizuna AI was made by a company called Activ8 in 2016. She is part of a project called "Project A.I.”. In 2018, the project was moved to an in-house agency called “upd8". On 24 April 2020, the project was moved to a new company called Kizuna AI Inc. At the same time, Nozomi Kasuga, a Japanese voice actress, announced that she was the voice of Kizuna AI. Kasuga is also the advisor of the new company. Kizuna AI Inc. started business on 11 May 2020. The CEO is Eriko Matsumoto.

## Production 
Kizuna is an online virtual character made with software. The people behind Kizuna, such as video animators, producers, video editors, and players of games are unknown. Kizuna’s videos are made by Activ8 in Tokyo.

## Personality 
Kizuna knows that she is a virtual character and says that she is a self-thinking artificial intelligence.

Kizuna introduces herself in her first video. Her name, “AI” is related to the kanji “愛” meaning love. Her surname “Kizuna” means to connect. Kizuna is designed as a young animated girl.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Can't Help Singing

'''''Can't Help Singing''''' is a 1944 American western musical movie directed by Frank Ryan and was based on the story by John D. Klorer and Leo Townsend. It stars Deanna Durbin, Robert Paige, Akim Tamiroff, Leonid Kinskey, June Vincent, Andrew Tombes, Thomas Gomez and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
*
Grand Union Canal (old)

The **Grand Union Canal** was a canal in England from Foxton, Leicestershire on the Leicestershire and Northamptonshire Union Canal to Norton Junction, close to Long Buckby Wharf on the Grand Junction Canal. 

It now forms the first  of the Leicester Section, a branch of the much bigger modern Grand Union Canal.

The creation of the canal system in central England was hugely important to the industrial revolution. It allowed the raw materials and the products to be moved cheaply. Many factories back onto rivers or canals all over industrial England. Moving heavy loads is cheapest and best done on water.

## References
Wonder Man (movie)

***Wonder Man*** is a 1945 American musical movie directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and was based on the short story by Arthur Sheekman. It stars Danny Kaye, Donald Woods, Virginia Mayo, Vera-Ellen, Allen Jenkins, Edward Brophy, Steve Cochran, Otto Kruger and won an Academy Award in 1946 and was nominated for 2 others. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.

## Other websites
*
*
Imus

**Imus** is a *de jure* city in the province of Cavite, is known the official capital of the province after Trece Martires it is also knowned nicknamed as the "Christmas Capital of the Philippines". The former municipality was officially converted into a city following a referendum on June 30, 2012. Because of its location at the entrance to Cavite from Metro Manila, Imus was the site of two major Katipunero victories during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish.
Sylvirana lacrima

The **Chin woodfrog** or **crying stream frog** (*Sylvirana lacrima*) is a frog from Myanmar. Scientists first saw it near Hteen Chaung Village, 443 meters above sea level.

Scientists think this might be related to *Sylvirana nigrovittata*.

## References
Ali Ansarian

**Ali Ansarian** (; 5 July 1977 – 3 February 2021) was an Iranian football player. He died on 3 February 2021 due to COVID-19.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**Persepolis**
*Iran's Azadegan Football League: 1998–99, 1999–2000
*Iran Pro League: 2001–02
*Hazfi Cup: 1999

**Shahin Bushehr**
*Hazfi Cup: runner-up 2012

## References