open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
National League (ice hockey)

The **National League** (NL) is a professional ice hockey league in Switzerland. Before the 2007-08 season, it was known as the **Nationalliga A**. It was known as **National League A** until 2017.

## Current teams
## Past champions
* 1938 – HC Davos
* 1939 – HC Davos
* 1940 – *no winner*
* 1941 – HC Davos
* 1942 – HC Davos
* 1943 – HC Davos
* 1944 – HC Davos
* 1945 – HC Davos
* 1946 – HC Davos
* 1947 – HC Davos
* 1948 – HC Davos
* 1949 – Zürcher SC
* 1950 – HC Davos
* 1951 – EHC Arosa
* 1952 – EHC Arosa
* 1953 – EHC Arosa
* 1954 – EHC Arosa
* 1955 – EHC Arosa
* 1956 – EHC Arosa
* 1957 – EHC Arosa
* 1958 – HC Davos
* 1959 – SC Bern
* 1960 – HC Davos
* 1961 – Zürcher SC
* 1962 – EHC Visp
* 1963 – HC Villars
* 1964 – HC Villars
* 1965 – SC Bern
* 1966 – Grasshopper-Club Zürich
* 1967 – EHC Kloten
* 1968 – HC La Chaux-de-Fonds
* 1969 – HC La Chaux-de-Fonds
* 1970 – HC La Chaux-de-Fonds
* 1971 – HC La Chaux-de-Fonds
* 1972 – HC La Chaux-de-Fonds
* 1973 – HC La Chaux-de-Fonds
* 1974 – SC Bern
* 1975 – SC Bern
* 1976 – SC Langnau
* 1977 – SC Bern
* 1978 – EHC Biel
* 1979 – SC Bern
* 1980 – EHC Arosa
* 1981 – EHC Biel
* 1982 – EHC Arosa
* 1983 – EHC Biel
* 1984 – HC Davos
* 1985 – HC Davos
* 1986 – HC Lugano
* 1987 – HC Lugano
* 1988 – HC Lugano
* 1989 – SC Bern
* 1990 – HC Lugano
* 1991 – SC Bern
* 1992 – SC Bern
* 1993 – EHC Kloten
* 1994 – EHC Kloten
* 1995 – EHC Kloten
* 1996 – EHC Kloten
* 1997 – SC Bern
* 1998 – EV Zug
* 1999 – HC Lugano
* 2000 – ZSC Lions
* 2001 – ZSC Lions
* 2002 – HC Davos
* 2003 – HC Lugano
* 2004 – SC Bern
* 2005 – HC Davos
* 2006 – HC Lugano
* 2007 – HC Davos
* 2008 – ZSC Lions
* 2009 – HC Davos
* 2010 – SC Bern
* 2011 – HC Davos
* 2012 – ZSC Lions
* 2013 – SC Bern
* 2014 – ZSC Lions
* 2015 – HC Davos
* 2016 – SC Bern
* 2017 – SC Bern
* 2018 – ZSC Lions
* 2019 – SC Bern
* 2020 – *no winner*
* 2021 – EV Zug
* 2022 – EV Zug
* 2023 – Genève-Servette HC
* 2024 – ZSC Lions
* 2025 – ZSC Lions

Swiss National Championship Serie A (1909–1937)

* 1909: HC Bellerive Vevey
* 1910: HC La Villa Lausanne
* 1911: Club des patineurs de Lausanne
* 1912: HC Les Avants
* 1913: HC Les Avants
* 1914: *not played*
* 1915: *not played*
* 1916: HC Bern
* 1917: HC Bern
* 1918: HC Bern
* 1919: HC Bellerive Vevey
* 1920: HC Bellerive Vevey
* 1921: HC Rosey-Gstaad
* 1922: EHC St. Moritz
* 1923: EHC St. Moritz
* 1924: HC Château-d'Œx
* 1925: HC Rosey-Gstaad
* 1926: HC Davos
* 1927: HC Davos
* 1928: EHC St. Moritz
* 1929: HC Davos
* 1930: HC Davos
* 1931: HC Davos
* 1932: HC Davos
* 1933: HC Davos
* 1934: HC Davos
* 1935: HC Davos
* 1936: Zürcher SC
* 1937: HC Davos

### Titles by club
## Other websites 
*NLA official website 
*Puck.ch
Life imprisonment

**Life imprisonment** is a term used for a sentence of imprisonment. The effect of such a sentence is different in each jurisdiction. Life in prison is known by others as a humane  to the death penalty for the most serious crimes such as murder, terrorism, etc. A formerly used form of life imprisonment was Immurement.

In some cases, a person with a life sentence can leave prison on parole after a number of years. In the United States, this is usually 15 to 25 years. However, the person must  a court or parole board that they will not commit more crimes. If a person leaves on parole, they are not completely free, and they have some . 

In other cases, the court may decide that the person should never leave prison, which is called **life without parole**. This sentence is used for even more serious crimes. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* International perspectives on life imprisonment
Donna Summer

**Donna Adrian Gaines** (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012), known by her stage name **Donna Summer**, was an American singer-songwriter. She was an African American Christian who was born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts. She became famous during the disco era in the 1970s and became a pop icon. She died of lung cancer in Englewood, Florida. In 1982 she released a single with Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie, and Stevie Wonder called "State of Independence".  She became known for songs like "Hot Stuff", "Bad Girls" "Last Dance", and "She Works Hard for the Money".

In 1974, Summer married Helmuth Sommer (which led to her stage name Summer) and has one daughter, Mimi (born 1973). She divorced him two years later.  She married Bruce Sudano in 1980 until her death. They have two daughters together.

## Discography
;Studio albums
* *Lady of the Night* (1974)
* *Love to Love You Baby* (1975)
* *A Love Trilogy* (1976)
* *Four Seasons of Love* (1976)
* *I Remember Yesterday* (1977)
* *Once Upon A Time* (1977)
* *Bad Girls* (1979)
* *The Wanderer* (1980)
* ''I'm a Rainbow* (1981)
* *Donna Summer* (1982)
* *She Works Hard for the Money* (1983)
* *Cat Without Claws* (1984)
* *All Systems Go* (1987)
* *Another Place and Time* (1989)
* *Mistaken Identity* (1991)
* *Christmas Spirit* (1994)
* *Crayons'' (2008)

## References 
## Other websites 
*
People en Español

***People en Espanol*** is a Spanish-language magazine published by Time Warner, Inc. that debuted in 1996 out of the success of the Selena tribute issue. As of 2006, it was the Spanish-language magazine of largest readership in the United States, reaching 4.2 million readers with each issue.

## Notes
## Other websites
* *People en Español* Official site
* *People en Español* Media Kit
Golden Eagle Award

**Golden Eagle Award** () is a Russian national award for movies and TV series, run by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts since 2002. It like the Academy Awards and gives out in 20 nominations each January. The ceremony is held at the Mosfilm studios, where some of the most acclaimed Soviet features were filmed.

## Other websites
*
Gregory Nava

**Gregory James Nava** is an American movie director. Nava was born on April 10, 1949 in San Diego, California. He won several awards for his movies.

## Filmography
* *The Confessions of Amans* (1977)
* *The End of August* (1982)
* *El Norte* (1983)
* *A Time of Destiny* (1988)
* *My Family/Mi Familia* (1995)
* *Selena* (1997)
* *Why Do Fools Fall in Love* (1998)
* *Frida* (2002)
* *Bordertown* (2007)

## Other websites
* 
* Gregory Nava  informational web site
* *Cineaste*  interview by Dennis West
* PBS  interview of Gregory Nava with Bill Moyers
* San Diego Film Festival  honors Gregory Nava
American Bank Center

The **American Bank Center** is a convention center and 8,156-seat arena in Corpus Christi, Texas. The center is host to many conventions, concerts, performances, and sporting events. The arena is home to the Corpus Christi Rayz ice hockey team, as well as the Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Islanders men's and women's basketball teams. As well as the convention facilities and arena, the American Bank Center also features the Selena Auditorium, named after Selena. The American Bank Center is in Corpus Christi's Bayfront Arts and Science Park.

## Other websites
*americanbankcenter.com
*Centerplate
*SMG
Selena Forever

***Selena Forever*** is a musical. It is about American singer Selena's life. It stars Veronica Vazquez as "Selena". The musical is based on the movie *Selena*.
 
## Musical numbers
;Act I
* "A New Show's About to Begin" - Selena and Ensemble
* "The Ballad of Selena" - Los Sueños Del Pueblo
* "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" - Young Selena
* "Simply Me" - Young Selena
* "Blue Moon Memories" - Abraham 
* "Abraham’s Dream" - Abraham, Marcella
** "Como La Flor" - Adult Selena
* "Papa Gayo’s" - Los Sueños Del Pueblo
** "Blue Moon" - Young Selena
* "Abraham’s Dream" (Reprise) - Abraham
* "Living On A Bus" (Medley) - Marcella and Company
** "Dame Un Beso" - Selena y Los Dinos
** "La Bamba" - Selena y Los Dinos
* "Guitar Solo" - Chris
* "Baila Esta Cumbia" - Selena y Los Dinos
* "I’ve Grown Up, Daddy" - Selena and Company
* "Somebody Special" - Suzette, Los Sueños Del Pueblo
* "Pizza & Coke" - Selena
* "Wanting a Dream" - A.B., Los Sueños Del Pueblo
* "My Daughter Wants to Be Just Like Selena" - Mothers
** "Techno Cumbia" - Daughters
* "Amor Prohibido" - Selena y Los Dinos
* "Como La Flor" - Selena y Los Dinos

;Act II
* "God's Child (Baila Conmigo)" - Selena and Los Suenos Del Pueblo 
* "Just Be Yourself, Selena" - Marcella, Suzette
* "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" - Selena y Los Dinos
* "La Carcacha" - Selena y Los Dinos
* "To Him She’s a Woman" - Marcella
* "A New Contract" - A.B., Los Sueños Del Pueblo
* "Missing My Baby" - Selena y Los Dinos
* "Meet Me In Corpus Christi" - Chris
* "Tomorrow and Forever" - Chris, Selena
* "You’re Gonna Die Today, Brother" - A.B., Friends
* "Amame, Quiereme" - Suzette, Billy, Chorus
* "If Tomorrow" - Abraham
* "Dress Like Selena" - Suzette
* "The Fan Club/I Will Survive" - Los Sueños Del Pueblo and Selena
* "I Could Fall In Love" - Selena
* "The Fan Club" (Reprise) - Los Sueños Del Pueblo 
* "Letters to Selena" - Women
* "The Next Morning" - Jose Behar
* "Dreaming of You" - Selena
* "Finale" - Company

## Other websites
* *Selena Forever* Official Website
MG 34

The '''*Maschinengewehr* 34**, or **MG 34''', was a general-purpose machine gun. It was developed in Nazi Germany. It was first made and accepted in 1934. It was first given to soldiers in 1935. It fires the 7.92 x 57mm Mauser cartridge.

It was designed to be able to be a light machine gun and be able to do other things as well. This was an early example of a general-purpose machine gun. When it is being used as a light machine gun, a bipod can be attached to it. If it is being used for other things, it is put onto a tripod and is belt-fed. In a battle, the bipod version was used mostly. This turned the MG 34 into an infantry support weapon.  However, the MG 34 took a long time to make, and it was expensive and difficult to make. to  Chinese Nationalist forces were used during both World War II and the Chinese Civil War.

## Characteristics
The MG 34 could use 7.9&nbsp;mm However, when the barrel was being replaced, it was very hot. The gunner changing the barrel had to wear an asbestos glove to protect his hands while he was changing the barrel.

When the MG 34 was being used as a light machine gun it was used with a bipod. It weighed just  with its bipod.

The MG 34 could be carried around by an infantry squad and be fired from a bipod. It could also be put onto a tripod to fire for a long time. To be used in a tank, the barrel of the MG 34 was covered with armour and the butt stock was removed. There were never enough MG 34s made to make its users happpy. Even though the MG 81 was much better than the MG 15 and MG 17 used before it, they were still used until the end of the war.

## Related pages
* MG 42

## References
## Other websites
*U.S. Army training video about the MG 34
Ramy Ayach

**Ramy Ayach** () is a Lebanese singer. He was born on August 18, 1980 in Baakleen, Lebanon. Ayach was born as the oldest child. He was raised in the mountains of Lebanon. He became aware of his music and started singing in public places. He then became one of the most popular Arabian singers in the Middle East.

## References
## Other websites
* Ramy Ayach On Facebook
* Ramy Ayach Official Website
* Rotana Records Arabia
Christianity in Palestine

Some people who speak Arabic and live on the country called Palestine today are Christians. These include Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholic (Eastern and Western rites), Protestant, and others. About half of them belong a branch of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem.

Today, less than four percent of Palestinians living inside the borders of Palestine are Christians. Many Arabs emigrated, mainly because of wars fought between Egypt, Israel and Jordan.  There is also pressure to join Islam. Surveys done by the British in 1922 and 1946 showed that in 1922, about 9.5%  and in 1946 approximately 7.6% of the Palestinian Arabs were Christians.

## References
Lophotrochozoa

The **Lophotrochozoa** ("crest-bearing animals") are a group of animals above the level of phylum. It is not part of the usual system of classification. They were recently discovered through molecular phylogeny. They include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. 

## Groups 
The Lophotrochozoa comprise two groups, the trochozoans and the Lophophorata. The exact relationships between the different phyla are not entirely certain.  However, it seems that neither the lophophorates nor the trochozoa are monophyletic groups by themselves, but are mixed together. The Trochozoa include the Nemertea, Mollusca, Sipuncula, Echiura and Annelida.

* The Lophophorata are united by the presence of a lophophore, a fan of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth. Some authors considered them deuterostomes, before RNA trees placed them together with the trochozoans. The Lophophorata include the Bryozoa, Phoronida, and Brachiopoda.

Other phyla are included on the basis of molecular data.

## References
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)

The **Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan** (Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي امارت, Da Afġānistān Islāmī Amārāt) is an Islamic state governed by the Taliban that is the de facto current government of Afghanistan since 2021, and has also ruled the country from 1996 to 2001.

Between 1996 and 2001, it controlled approximately 90% of the country as an insurgency, whereas remaining regions in the northeast were held by the Northern Alliance, which maintained broad international recognition as a continuation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan. After the September 11 attacks and subsequent declaration of a "War on Terrorism" by the United States, international opposition to the regime drastically increased, with diplomatic recognition from the United Arab Emirates and Pakistan being rescinded.

The Islamic Emirate was overthrown by the Northern Alliance on 17 December 2001, which had been bolstered by the ISAF coalition established after a U.S.-led invasion of the country two months prior. The Taliban has continued to refer to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in official communications from 2001 until 2021.

During the 2021 Taliban offensive, the Islamic Emirate regained effective control of the governance of Afghanistan following the Fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021.

## Related pages
*Cabinet of Afghanistan
*IEA

## References
Rock pool

, west coast of Portugal]]
 showing sea stars, sea anemones, and sea sponges.]] 

 

**Rock pools** (or 'tide pools') are rocky pools by the sea. They are in the intertidal zone. They are filled with seawater during high tides and exist as separate pools at low tide. 

Tide pools are habitats of uniquely adaptable animals that have engaged the special attention of naturalists and marine biologists.

## The rock pool habitat 
Tide pools are a home for hardy organisms such as sea stars, mussels and clams. They must be able to cope with a constantly changing environment — fluctuations in water temperature, salinity, and oxygen content. Huge waves, strong currents, exposure to midday sun and predators are only a few of the hazards that rock pool animals must endure to survive.

Waves can dislodge mussels and draw them out to sea. Gulls pick up and drop sea urchins to break them open. Starfish prey on mussels and are eaten by gulls themselves. Even black bears sometimes feast on intertidal creatures at low tide. Although tide pool organisms must avoid getting washed away into the ocean, drying up in the sun, or getting eaten, they depend on the tide pool's constant changes for food.
Some species, such as *Anthopleura sola* can fight for territory. The white tentacles (acrorhagi) are for fighting. The acrorhagi contain stinging cells. The sea anemones sting each other repeatedly until one (usually) moves.

Some species of starfish have the ability to regenerate lost arms in time. Most species must retain an intact central part of the body to be able to regenerate, but a few can regrow from a single ray.The regeneration of these stars is possible because the vital organs are in the arms.

### Rock pool flora 
Sea palms look much as palm trees do. They live in the middle to upper intertidal zones in areas with greater wave action. High wave action may increase nutrient availability and moves the blades of the thallus, allowing more sunlight to reach the organism so that it can photosynthesize.  In addition, the constant wave action removes competitors.

## References
French food

]]

]]

]]

**French food** has influenced the style of cooking throughout Europe, and its chefs work in restaurants throughout the world.

The roots of modern *haute cuisine* lie in chefs like La Varenne (1615–1678) and the notable chef of Napoleon, Marie-Antoine Carême (1784–1833). These chefs developed a lighter style of food compared to the food of the Middle Ages. They used fewer spices, and more herbs and creamy ingredients.

Typical ingredients like roux and fish stock, and techniques such as marinading, and dishes such as ragout, were invented. Carême was an expert pâtissier (pastry-maker), and this is still a mark of French cooking. He developed basic sauces, his 'mother sauces'; he had over a hundred sauces in his repertoire, based on the half-dozen mother sauces.

French cooking was introduced in the 20th century by Georges Auguste Escoffier (1846–1935). He was a genius at organisation. He worked out how to run large restaurants, as in a big hotel or a palace: how the staff should be organised; how the menu was prepared. He had methods for everything, and may have invented over 5,000 recipes. Escoffier managed the restaurants and cuisine at the Savoy Hotel and Carlton Hotel in London, the Hôtel Ritz Paris, and some of the greatest cruise ships of the day.

Escoffier's other main contribution was the publication of *Le Guide Culinaire* in 1903, which spread the understanding of French cookery. However, Escoffier left out much of the culinary character to be found in the regions of France.

Gastro-tourism and the *Guide Michelin* helped to acquaint people with the rich bourgeois and peasant cuisine of the French countryside in the 20th century. Gascon cuisine has also had great influence over the cuisine in the southwest of France. Many dishes that were once regional have proliferated in variations across the country. Cheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine, playing different roles regionally and nationally. In the north of France, people often prefer to use butter to . In the south, they prefer olive oil and garlic. In France, each region has its own special dish; choucroute in Alsace, quiche in Lorraine, cassoulet in the Languedoc-Roussillon, tapenade in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, tartiflette in Savoie, and bouillabaisse in Marseille, just to name a few.

In November 2010, **French gastronomy** was added by UNESCO to its lists of the world's 'intangible cultural heritage'.

## References
Indian cormorant

The **Indian cormorant** or **Indian shag** (*Phalacrocorax fuscicollis*) is a member of the cormorant family. It is found mainly along the inland waters of the Indian Subcontinent but extending west to Sindh (S Pakistan) and east to Thailand and Cambodia. It is a  species that can be easily distinguished from the similar sized Little cormorant by its blue eye, small head with a sloping forehead and a long narrow bill ending in a hooked tip.
Oriental darter

The **Oriental darter** or **Indian darter** (*Anhinga melanogaster*), sometimes called **snakebird**, is a water bird of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Charades

**Charades** or **charade** (  or  ) is a word guessing game. A player acts out a word or phrase and the other players attempt to guess what the word or phrase is in a certain amount of time. The person who is acting usually pantomimes similar sounding words. The game has also been adapted into television shows like Acting Crazy, Party Game, Give Us a Clue, Body Language and Celebrity Charades.

## Other websites
*The rules for Charades
Aestivation

]]

**Aestivation**, spelled **estivation** in the US, is one way an animal can go dormant, which is like being asleep.

Aestivation is similar to hibernation, but the animal does it when it is hot instead of when it is cold. The animals stops moving and it slowly uses much less energy (food). The animal does this when the temperature is high and the weather is dry. Lungfish have been doing this since the Devonian period millions of years ago. Many animals aestivate, including the Nile crocodile, many snails, and lady beetles.

Invertebrate and vertebrate animals aestivate so they do not die from the heat or from drying out. Both land- and water-living animals can do aestivation.

## Related pages 
* Torpor
* Dormancy
* Hibernation

## Notes
Dalmatian pelican

The **Dalmatian pelican** (*Pelecanus crispus*) is  a large bird. It lives in wet places such as in swamps and shallow lakes. It can be found from southeastern Europe to Pakistan and China.

It is the largest member of the pelican family. The average length is  170–190&nbsp;cm (67-75&nbsp;inches) The average weight is 11–15&nbsp;kg (24-33&nbsp;lbs). The wings are around 3&nbsp;m (10&nbsp;ft) across. It is the world's heaviest flying bird on average. However, sometimes a few birds from another species may also be as large or larger.

## References
Wedding officiant

A **wedding officiant** is a person who is allowed by the government to perform weddings. This person may be a civil servant, or they may hold a religious position (for example, a priest or a rabbi). In some countries, certain religious officials are automatically allowed to perform weddings. In other countries, they must first ask permission from the government. 

Wedding officiants who work for the government must often follow special rules, that others do not have to follow. For example, the government might not allow them to refuse to perform a wedding, if the people who want to get married are allowed to by the law. 

Some countries allow anyone, not just civil servants or religious officials, to become wedding officiants temporarily. A temporary wedding officiant is usually allowed to carry out only one specific wedding that they asked permission for. If they want to perform another one, they have to ask the government for permission again.
Great cormorant

The **great cormorant** *(Phalacrocorax carbo)*, is a member of the cormorant family of seabirds.  It is a large black bird which breeds in much of the Old World and the Atlantic coast of North America. There is a lot of variation in its size in different parts of the world.Weight is reported to vary from  to .

## Notes
Little cormorant

The **little cormorant** (*Microcarbo niger*) is a member of the cormorant family of seabirds.

## References
Bonsai Kitten

**Bonsai Kitten** was a satirical website which claimed that you could make a "shaped" cat by putting a kitten in a jar and letting it grow into the shape of the jar. It was named after bonsai, a Japanese art in which trees are shaped. The site was made by a university student with the nickname "Dr. Michael Wong Chang". The site claimed that many different shapes and "containment vessels" are possible, including a cube, a sphere, a wire cage, and even a Klein bottle. Supposedly, the kittens are force-fed through a tube, and the kitten's anus is sealed with super glue.

## Other websites 
* Bonsai Kitten (archived)
Grey heron

The **grey heron** (*Ardea cinerea*) is a bird that lives in temperate parts of Europe, Asia and also parts of Africa. It has long legs and walks through shallow water looking for food. The bird's scientific name is *Ardea cinerea*.

The heron is intelligent, and can catch prey so large it can only swallow them with difficulty. Here a green heron uses bread as a bait for fish: YouTube Video

Baden-Baden-Oos-Graureiher-Fischzug-16-gje.jpg

Ardea cinerea, Vlasinska visoravan i Vlasinsko jezero, Srbija (128).jpg

Ardea cinerea, Đerdap2.jpg
Goliath heron

The **Goliath heron** (*Ardea goliath*) is a large wading bird of the heron family Ardeidae. It is found in sub-Saharan Africa, with smaller numbers in Southwest Asia and South Asia.
Purple heron

The **purple heron** (*Ardea purpurea*) is a kind of bird. It has long legs and walk through shallow water looking for food. The purple heron breeds in Africa, central and southern Europe, and southern and eastern Asia.
Striated heron

The **striated heron** (*Butorides striata*) also known as **mangrove heron**, **little heron** or **green-backed heron**, is a small heron.

## References
Nauplius

]]
]]

A **nauplius** (plural: *nauplii*) is the first larval form of most crustacea. It develops from the egg, and may be followed by later stages before the adult form is reached. In some groups there can be as many as nine larval stages. Sometimes the nauplius stage is passed through in the egg, and then a later stage emerges from the egg.

## References
Arnold Skaaland

**Arnold Skaaland** (January 21, 1925 – March 13, 2007) was an American professional wrestler and manager, He was best known for wrestling and managing with the World Wide Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Federation. He was nicknamed "The Golden Boy". During his managing career, he managed Bob Backlund, Tony Parisi, Bruno Sammartino and Rick McGraw. He was inducted into the WWF Hall of Fame in 1994 by Bob Backlund.
 
## Championships
Skaaland held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

***Cauliflower Alley Club**
**Other honoree (1994)

***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**He was named "PWI Manager of the Year" in 1978 and 1979.

***World Wide Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Federation**
**Lifetime Achievement Slammy Award (1997)
**WWF Hall of Fame (Class of 1994)
**WWWF United States Tag Team Championship (one time) - with Spiros Arion

## Other websites
*Arnold Skaaland's WWE Hall of Fame profile
Fiat Duna

The **Fiat Duna** is an automobile made by Fiat between 1987 and 2000. It is a sedan and station wagon version of the Fiat Uno.

## Engines 
* *60* 43 kW (58 hp)
* *70* 49 kW (67 hp)
* *DS* 44 kW (60 hp)
Night of Champions (2011)

**Night of Champions (2011)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) show  made by WWE. It took place on September 18, 2011, at the First Niagara Center in Buffalo, New York.  It was the fifth Night of Champions event held by WWE. It was also the first PPV following the end of WWE's first brand extension. Eight matches happened on the card, six of which were title matches.

## Matches 
## References
## Other websites
*Official Night of Champions website
Joplin, Missouri

**Joplin** is a city in Jasper and Newton counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. In 2011, about 25% of the city was destroyed by an EF5 tornado.

## References
2010–11 NHL season

The **2010–11 NHL season** was the 94th season of operation (93rd season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Pre-season
### European exhibition games
## Regular season
### Standings
The Vancouver Canucks placed first overall, winning the Presidents' Trophy and home advantage throughout the playoffs. The Washington Capitals placed first in the Eastern Conference, earning home advantage in Eastern Conference playoffs.

*Note:* **Bolded teams** qualified for the playoffs.

Under NHL rules, first-place teams in each division receive a conference ranking between 1 and 3 regardless of overall points. The Pittsburgh Penguins placed fourth yet had more points than the Boston Bruins, but the Bruins placed first in the Northeast Division to get the third-place ranking.

## Playoffs
]]
The 2011 playoffs started on Wednesday, April 13, 2011, and ended with the seventh game of the Stanley Cup Final on Wednesday, June 15, 2011.

### Playoff bracket
In each round, the highest remaining seed in each conference is matched against the lowest remaining seed. The higher-seeded team is awarded home ice advantage. In the Stanley Cup Final series, home ice is determined based on regular season points. Each best-of-seven series follows a 2–2–1–1–1 format: the higher-seeded team plays at home for games one and two (plus five and seven if necessary), and the lower-seeded team is at home for games three and four (and if necessary, game six).

## NHL awards 
## Player stats
### Scoring leaders 
The following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the regular season.

  
*GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/– = Plus-minus; PIM = Penalty minutes*

### Leading goaltenders 
The following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 1800 minutes.

*GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average*

## References
## Other websites
*2010–11 NHL season at Hockey Reference
Dorothée Pousséo

**Dorothée Pousséo** (born on 15 February 1979 in Paris) is a French voice actress.

She is known for being the official French voice of actresses such as Margot Robbie, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, Brittany Murphy; as well as cartoon characters like Diane in *Martin Mystery*, Dee Dee in ''Dexter's Laboratory*, and Mandy in *The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy*.

## Biography 
Pousséo started acting when she was 8 years old, when she appeared in the play *Le Malade Imaginaire* with French actor Michel Bouquet.

In May 2023, she tells the media *Eklecty-City'' that she was particularly marked by the dubbing of the film Ray. She lends her voice to the actress Sharon Warren, who plays the mother of Ray Charles in the flashbacks. She explains that the actress had such strength in her that she didn't know where to draw from to honor her interpretation.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Official weblisting
*Dorothée Pousséo on RS Doublage
Selena (disambiguation)

**Selena** may be for:

## People 
*Selena, an American singer (1971-1995)
**Selena y Los Dinos, the band she was in.
**Selena (album), her debut album
**Selena (movie), a 1997 biopic film about her life
***Selena: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, a 1997 soundtrack of the film
**Selena Forever, a 1999 broadway play based on her life
**Selena Etc., her boutiques
*Selena Gomez, an American singer and actress (b. 1992)
**Selena Gomez and the Scene, the band she is in.
Mission, Texas

**Mission** is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas. 85,778 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## Other websites
* City of Mission
McAllen, Texas

**McAllen** is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas. As of the 2020 census, 142,210 people lived there. It ranks as the 23rd most populous city in Texas.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website
* McAllen Convention and Visitors Bureau 
* McAllen Chamber of Commerce
Parallel universe

A **parallel universe** is a universe that is different from the observable universe. This may be because of time travel or other things.

**Parallel universe** may also be:

## Science, physics and philosophy
* Multiverse, the hypothetical set of multiple possible universes
* The many-worlds interpretation of quantum physics

## Fiction
* Parallel universes in fiction, alternative universes, worlds, realities and dimensions in fiction
* Alternative universe (fan fiction), fiction by fan authors that deliberately change facts of the universe written about
* List of fiction employing parallel universes

## Music
* *Parallel Universe* (4hero album)
* *Parallel Universe* (Garnet Crow album)
* "Parallel Universe" (song), a 2000 song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers
* *Kalakala: Songs from a Parallel Universe* (with a song cycle for solo cello by Serena Tideman)

## Literature, movies, & television
* "Parallel Universe" (Red Dwarf), a 1988 episode of *Red Dwarf*
* *Parallel Universes* (documentary), a 2001 BBC/Horizon documentary movie
* Mirror Universe, a fictional parallel universe in which several Star Trek television episodes take place

## Other
* Parallel Universe (company), a movie company
Teen Wolf (2011 TV series)

***Teen Wolf*** is an American TV series. It renews on Comedy Central OSN Comedy OSN Action Abu Dhabi Drama TV Star World & MBC Action & MBC+ Variety & MBC Masr & MBC Masr 2 & MBC Persia & MBC4 & MBC Variety & Dubai One. Season 1 With Season 2 is reairing June Of 2011 did it air on Comedy Central & June Of 2012. It airs on MTV and in reruns on TeenNick. Season 5 is airing June of 2015.

## Premise 
Teen Wolf is about Scott McCall, who is bitten by a werewolf in the pilot. He falls in love with Allison Argent, whose family are werewolf hunters. Teaming up with his best friend, Stiles, Scott must learn to deal with being a werewolf while at high school and encountering many different obstacles and beasts.

## Main cast
* Tyler Posey as Scott McCall
* Crystal Reed as Allison Argent (seasons 1-3 & 5)
* Dylan O'Brien as Stiles Stilinski
* Tyler Hoechlin as Derek Hale (seasons 1-4 & 6)
* Holland Roden as Lydia Martin
* Colton Haynes as Jackson Whittemore (seasons 1-2 & 6)
* Shelley Hennig as Malia Tate (recurring season 3; main seasons 4–6)
* Arden Cho as Kira Yukimura (recurring season 3; main seasons 4–5)
* Dylan Sprayberry as Liam Dunbar (recurring season 4; main seasons 5–6)
* Linden Ashby as Sheriff Stilinski (recurring seasons 1–5; main season 6)
* Melissa Ponzio as Melissa McCall (recurring seasons 1–5; main season 6)
* J.R. Bourne as Chris Argent (recurring seasons 1–5; main season 6)
* Gage Golightly as Erica Reyes (seasons 2-3)
* Sinqua Walls as Vernon Boyd (seasons 2-3)
* Andrea Laing as Kara Simmons (seasons 2)

## Other websites 
*
Lucky Cannon

**Jonathon David Emminger** (born November 8, 1983) is an American professional wrestler better known by the ring names **Johnny Prime** and **Lucky Cannon**. He is best known for working with the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where he appeared on *NXT* as **Lucky Cannon** and in their developmental territory, Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) as **Johnny Prime**.

## World Wrestling Entertainment 
### NXT (2010) 
On June 1, 2010, it was announced that Emminger would be participating in the second season of *NXT*, under the name "Lucky Cannon", with Mark Henry as his mentor.

He was released from his WWE contract on August 8, 2011.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Online World of Wrestling profile
Orlando Cole

**Orlando Cole** (August 16, 1908 – January 25, 2010) was a cello teacher who had taught soloists and first cellists in a dozen leading orchestras. Among them are Lynn Harrell, David Cole, Ron Leonard, Owen Carman, Daniel Lee, Lorne Munroe, and Marcie Rosen**.** He had held master-classes all over the world and continued his seventy-five year teaching career at the Curtis Institute and Temple University with his assistant Metta Watts.

## References
Joseph L. Goldstein

**Joseph L. Goldstein** (born April 18, 1940) is a biochemist and geneticist of Jewish descent. He is from Kingstree, South Carolina. He was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Michael S. Brown) for his research on the metabolism of LDL.

## Other websites
*Biography
Municipal corporation

A **municipal corporation** is a term used by the local government. An incorporated town is able to create its own laws. These laws are in addition to the laws of the country, province, or state where the town is located.

Municipal corporation happens when an urban neighborhood becomes a self-governing  under state laws. After this event, an award or declaration is presented by the municipal charter.

## Municipal charters 
A municipal charters is a legal paper that establishes municipality; such as a city or town. This was created in Europe during the Middle Ages time. With a municipal charter, the new towns or cities are given rights.

## Municipal charters by country 
### Canada 
In Canada, charters are given by the provincial authorities.

### Germany 
In Germany, the municipal charters have existed since the Medieval Times.

### India 
In India the municipal corporation has a local government that is in charge of a city population that has 200,000 people or more. Because of the panchayati raj system, the city government has to discuss with the state government. Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad have the biggest municipal corporations. Members are chosen from the wards of the city. The municipal corporations are responsible for roads, public transportation, water supply, records of births and deaths, sanitation that includes waste management, sewage, drainage and flood control, public safety services like fire and ambulance services, gardens and maintenance of buildings. Taxes is where the municipal corporations get their money from to fix problems in their cities.

### Republic of Ireland 
In Ireland municipal corporations have been in Ireland since the Medieval Times. In Dublin, the municipal corporation have been there since the 13th century.

### South Africa 
In Durban the municipal corporation was called the "Durban Corporation".

### Sweden 
In Sweden, cities were made by the royal charter until 1951.

### Philippines 
In the Philippines, cities are made by the laws  by a lot of national legislatures.

### United Kingdom 
In the United Kingdom, cities are made by the royal letter patent.

### United States 
In the United States, cities are made by the municipal charters. This is usually followed by a referendum vote.

## References
Genocide Convention

The **Genocide Convention** (formally **Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide**) is a treaty of the international human rights law on genocide created on 9 December 1948 by the United Nations. This is to prevent all form of genocide and its incitation and to show how the actors of those must be punished.

This Convention protects all ethnic groups and races of any kind of religions.

Now actor of genocide written in this convention will be judged by the International Criminal Court but there are some countries which do not ratify this Convention and international law on International Criminal Court.

## Related pages
* Genocide
* International human rights law
* International Criminal Court
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift

***The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift*** is an 2006 action street racing movie that was produced by Neal H. Moritz and was directed by Justin Lin. *The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift* was released on June 16, 2006 in North America. It is the third movie in *The Fast and the Furious* movie series. The movie received mixed reviews with a 34% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 46 out of 100 from Metacritic.

## Cast 
* Lucas Black as Sean Boswell
* Bow Wow as Twinkie
* Nathalie Kelley as Neela
* Brian Tee as Takashi
* Sung Kang as Han Lue
* Leonardo Nam as Morimoto
* Brian Goodman as Lieutenant Boswell
* Sonny Chiba as Kamata
* Zachery Ty Bryan as Clay
* Nikki Griffin as Cindy
* Jason Tobin as Earl
* Keiko Kitagawa as Reiko
* Lynda Boyd as Ms. Boswell
* Vincent Laresca as Case Worker

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
* 
*
Michael Madsen

**Michael Søren Madsen** (September 25, 1957 &ndash; July 3, 2025) was an American actor, poet and photographer. He was known for his roles in *Reservoir Dogs*, *Free Willy*, *Donnie Brasco*, *Kill Bill* and *Sin City*. Madsen was also the voice actor for video games, including *Grand Theft Auto III*, *True Crime: Streets of L.A.* and *DRIV3R*.

## Personal life
Madsen was born in Chicago, the son of Elaine (née Melson), an Emmy-winning poet, television producer and playwright, who often works for PBS, and Calvin Madsen, a firefighter. Madsen's mother left a career in corporate business to start a writing career. Madsen's paternal grandparents were Danish and his mother has Irish and Native American ancestry.  He has two sisters, Virginia Madsen and Cheri. He began acting at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago, where he served as an apprentice under actor John Malkovich. 

Madsen died at his home in Malibu, California on July 3, 2025 from cardiac arrest caused by heart failure at the age of 67.

## References
## Other websites
*
International human rights law

**International human rights law** is a series of the international laws on human rights. International human rights law is based upon the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Charter of the United Nations that declare human dignity and rights of all human being on the earth. Its fundamental philosophy and aim are to prevent war and keep world peace on the earth, with the idea of rule of law. 

## Human Rights law made by United Nations 
United Nations has adopted Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to affirm all human rights. To give authority to it by international law, United Nations has adopted International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights for civil rights in 1966. Those treaties are to ensure more in detail the contents of human rights and often called "International Human Rights Bill" together with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Further, the United Nations has adopted treaties on human rights to fortify or supply them. as follow: 
*Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide against genocide (adopted in 1948)
*Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees for refugees (adopted in 1951)
*Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination against racism (adopted in 1965)
*Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women for women's rights (adopted in 1979)
*Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment against torture (adopted in 1984)
*Convention on the Rights of the Child for children's rights (adopted in 1989)
*Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families for the rights of migrant workers (adopted in 1990)
*Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities for the rights of persons with disability (adopted in 2006)

And also United Nations has made United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights accoding to the Vienna Declaration and the Yogyakarta Principles for LGBT rights by International Commission of Jurists and approved by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2006.

## Human Rights Law made other international organizations 
Council of Europe had adopted the European Convention on Human Rights in 1951 to ensure human rights according to Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The European Court of Human Rights is made by this Convention to realize human rights in the member countries of Council of Europe with legal force.

As well, the Organization of American States has adopted the American Convention on Human Rights in 1969 and the African Union has adopted the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights in 1981. Those Organizations also have their own Human Rights Court to ensure human rights affirmed in the Convention or Chater.

## Related pages
*Universal Declaration of Human Rights
*Council of Europe
*Organization of American States
*African Union
St. John's IceCaps

The '''St. John's IceCaps''' were an American Hockey League (AHL) team based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Previously the team was the Manitoba Moose and played in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Grand Theft Auto III

***Grand Theft Auto III*** is a 2001 open world video game that is the third main entry of the *Grand Theft Auto* franchise.

## Radio Stations 
* Head Radio 
* Double Clef FM 
* K-Jah 
* Rise FM 
* Lips 106 
* Game FM
* MSX FM
* Flashback 95.6
* Chatterbox FM

## Development
Due to the September 11 attacks, the police cars have been redesigned from their NYPD look to a more generic look and a mission involving hijacking a plane has been removed.

## Reception
Many people at the time considered the game groundbreaking yet controversial at the same time.

## Home Media
Hunico

**José Jorge Arriaga Rodríguez **(born September 5, 1977) is a Mexican-American professional wrestler currently working on the Mexican independent circuit, under the ring name **Cinta de Oro** (Spanish for "Golden Ribbon"). He is best known for his time with WWE under the ring names **Sin Cara** (Spanish for "Faceless"), **Sin Cara Negro**, and **Hunico**. He was the second Sin Cara in WWE, after Luis Urive.

## Career
Rodríguez, under the ring name **Incognito** was a member of Team Mexico along with Puma, Magno, and Shocker during Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's 2006 World X-Cup Tournament. Team Mexico finished in 3rd place with Team USA in 1st place, Team Canada in 2nd place, and Team Japan in last place. As well as his career in Mexico working for AAA, he is also known for competing in Chikara, where he won both the 2008 King of Trios (alongside El Pantera and Lince Dorado) and the 2008 Rey de Voladores tournament. In 2009, he signed with WWE, working there successfully for the next 10 years. He then returned to Mexico as Cinta de Oro.

## In wrestling
*]]
* **Finishing moves**
** **As Hunico**
*** Backbreaker rack spun into a Samoan drop, sometimes from the top rope (High-angle senton bomb) (Leglock) – FCW
** **As Sin Cara**
*** High-angle senton bomb
** **As Incognito**
*** *Incognito Especial* (Leglock)
*** *Quebradora* (Inverted Boston crab)
** Hip toss into the turnbuckles
** Moonsault side slam
** Roll-up transitioned into a one-armed powerbomb
** Saito suplex
** Sitout inverted suplex slam
** Slingshot somersault senton
** Rey de Voladores (2008)
* **The Crash Lucha Libre**
** The Crash Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)
* **Florida Championship Wrestling**
** FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Epico
***International Open Challenge World Championship**
**IOCW Championship (2 time, current)
* ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
** Ranked No. 93 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the *PWI 500'' in 2012
* **World Wrestling Association**
** WWA Middleweight Championship (2 times)
* **Northern Wrestling Federation**
** NWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
* **WWE**
** NXT Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Kalisto
** NXT Tag Team Championship #1 Contender's Tournament (2014) – with Kalisto
** Slammy Award (1 time)
*** Double Vision Moment of the Year (2011) – with Sin Cara Azul

## *Luchas de Apuestas* record 
## References
## Other websites 
* FCW profile 
* Online World of Wrestling profile
*
Chris Penn

**Christopher Shannon "Chris" Penn** (October 10, 1965 – January 24, 2006) was an American movie and television actor. He is known for being in movies such as * The Wild Life*, *Reservoir Dogs*, *Footloose*, *Rush Hour*, *True Romance*, *All the Right Moves* and *Pale Rider*.

## Early life
Penn was born in Los Angeles, California, the youngest son of Leo Penn, an actor and director, and Eileen Ryan (née Annucci), an actress. His paternal grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Lithuania and Russia, and his mother was a Roman Catholic of Italian and Irish descent. According to Penn's mother, Leo Penn may have had distant Spanish ancestry, as the family's surname was originally "Piñón". His brothers are actor Sean Penn and musician Michael Penn.

## References