open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nikhil Baran Sengupta

**Nikhil Baran Sengupta** (13 December 1943 – 18 February 2014) was a Bangladeshi art director, actor, painter and production designer. He was known for his role in *Janani* (1984), *Sahari Bagha* (1985), *Maa O Mamata, Suna Chadhei* (1987), *Jugantar, Tahader Katha, Bagh Bahadur* (1989) and *Mr. and Mrs. Iyer* (2002).

Sengupta died 18 February 2014 in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Shri Nikhil Baran Sengupta  at Srjan
* Facebook link- https://www.facebook.com/nikhilbaran.sengupta/info
Tom Lester

**Thomas William Lester** (September 23, 1938 – April 20, 2020) was an American actor and evangelist. He is best known for his role as farmhand Eb Dawson on the television series *Green Acres*. He appeared in the feature movies *Gordy* and *Benji*.

On April 20, 2020, Lester died due to problems caused by Parkinson's disease in Nashville, Tennessee. He was 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
Home Alone 4

***Home Alone 4*** (also known as ***Home Alone: Taking Back the House***) is an American family criminal comedy television movie. It first aired on ABC on November 3, 2002. *Home Alone 4* was directed by Rod Daniel and is the fourth movie in the *Home Alone* movie series.

The movie has some of the main characters from the first two movies, but all of the roles are played by different actors. The story is in Chicago, but the movie was actually filmed in South Africa.

The movie was not very popular. A planned TV series based on the movie was canceled because of the poor reviews. It is a reboot of the *Home Alone* franchise. In the film, Kevin (Mike Weinberg) gets upset when he hears his parents, Peter and Kate McCalister (Jason Beghe and Clare Carey) will get divorced. He is forced to choose where to celebrate Christmas, at his house or at his dad and his new wife, Natalie's (Joanna Going) mansion. Begrudgingly, he chooses to spend it at Natalie's mansion. However, when he gets there, he has to protect the house from his old nemesis Marv (French Stewart) and his wife/sidekick, Vera (Missi Pyle).

## Other websites
*
Miranda v. Arizona

***Miranda v. Arizona***, , was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court. The Court ruled that a suspect in police custody must be informed of the right to consult with an attorney before and during questioning. They must be informed of the right against self-incrimination. They must also make certain the suspect understands these rights.

The Miranda warning (often abbreviated to "Miranda," or "Mirandizing" a suspect) is the name of the formal warning that is required to be given by police in the United States to criminal suspects. It must be given before they are interrogated, in accordance with the *Miranda* ruling. Its purpose is to ensure the accused are aware of these rights under the U.S. Constitution. Also so they know they know they can invoke them at any time during the interview.

## Namesake 
On 13 March 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested by police officers in Phoenix, Arizona. Miranda asked why he was being arrested but was given no answer. At the time of his arrest he was not charged with any crime. During the interview with Miranda, police told the suspect he failed the lineup. After hours of interrogation Miranda finally signed a confession.

## Miranda v Arizona 
The case of Ernesto Miranda and three other similar cases were heard before the Supreme Court. All four defendants did not have attorneys present when they were questioned. The decision was announced on 13 June 1966 by Chief Justice Earl Warren. Because of the important changes it made, he read the entire sixty pages.

As a result, Ernesto Miranda's first conviction was overturned but he faced a second trial on sexual assault and kidnapping charges in 1967. His confession could not be used against him but the prosecutor got Miranda's girlfriend to testify he told her he did it. She said it happened three days after his police confession. He was found guilty and got the same sentence again. ==

There are some 17,000 police departments in the United States. They use any of hundreds of different versions of the Miranda warning. These range from a few words to over 400. One reason is that many fall into vulnerable groups who do not always understand written or oral Miranda warnings. These include those who are deaf, do not speak or read English well, juveniles, mentally ill, and or the mentally challenged. The courts have been less than protective of the rights of these groups who may not have understood their Miranda rights.

## Other countries 
Like the Miranda warnings, other countries have written rights they give to suspects before police begin their questioning. They have procedures to insure a confession is valid in their court systems. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms for example, provides that if someone is arrested they have certain rights. These are to be promptly told why they were arrested, told they have a right to retain legal council and the right of proof of habeas corpus (or be released from custody).

## Notes 
## References
Vagra

**Vagra** (or **Vaghara**, ) is a town in Gujarat, India. It is a taluka of the district of Bharuch. It is located north-west of the town of Bharuch. It contains around 70 villages. These are spread between the coast of the Gulf of Khambhat and the northern side of the Narmada River.

## References
Eric Brewer

**Eric Peter Brewer** (born April 17, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Anaheim Ducks, Toronto Maple Leafs, Tampa Bay Lightning, St. Louis Blues, Edmonton Oilers, New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also won a gold medal with Team Canada at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Brewer played 3 seasons in the Western Hockey League with the Prince George Cougars. He was drafted with the 5th overall pick by the New York Islanders in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Islanders on October 10, 1998 in a game against the Pittsburgh Penguins. He scored his first NHL career goal on November 5, 1998 against Trevor Kidd of the Carolina Hurricanes.

He was traded along with Josh Green and their second round selection (Brad Winchester) at the 2000 NHL Entry Draft to the Edmonton Oilers for Roman Hamrlík. Brewer played 2 seasons with the Oilers and 1 season with their American Hockey League affiliate Lowell Lock Monsters.

After the 2004-05 NHL lockout, Brewer was traded along with Jeff Woywitka and Doug Lynch to the St. Louis Blues for Chris Pronger. Brewer would play 6 seasons with the Blues and was traded to Tampa Bay Lightning for Brock Beukeboom and a third round selection in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. He signed a four year, $15.4-million contract extension with the Lightning on June 24, 2011.

On November 28, 2014, the Lightning traded him to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for a third-round pick in the 2015 NHL entry draft.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Geocentrism

**Geocentrism** is the belief that the Earth is fixed at the centre of the Universe. Geocentrists accept that the Earth is round. 

## History 
Before the 16th century, most people believed in the theory of geocentrism. From Earth, it looks like the Sun and stars are moving across the sky. The geocentric was the predominant description of the cosmos in many European ancient civilizations, such as those of Aristotle in Classical Greece and Ptolemy in Roman Egypt. 

In about 150 AD, Ptolemy wrote a book to explain in great detail how the spherical Earth is surrounded by things that move in the sky. Ptolemy’s geocentric model was adopted and refined during the Islamic Golden Age, which Muslims believed correlated with the teachings of Islam. From the time of Ptolemy through to the 16th century AD, educated people who knew the Earth is round almost always believed in Ptolemy’s geocentric theory.

### Heliocentrism emerges 
Between the 15th and 17th centuries, astronomers (especially Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler) found evidence that the Earth is not fixed but moves round the Sun. That is called heliocentrism.

## Related pages
* Flat Earth

## References
Young Earth creationism

**Young Earth creationism** (**YEC**) is the belief that the God of Judaism or Christianity created the Universe, the Earth and all life on Earth over a short time between 5,700 and 10,000 years ago. Those who believe in young Earth creationism are mainly Christians and Jews. They believe the Genesis account of creation in the Bible is completely true. Young Earth creationists believe that God created the Earth in six 24-hour days. They disagree with others creationists because they believe The Bible is true When it tells the age of the Earth.

Astronomers hold the view that the universe is more than 13 billion years old while the Earth has existed for 4.5 billion years.

## Related pages
*Creationism
*Old Earth creationism

## References
Mary Grace Canfield

**Mary Grace Canfield** (September 3, 1924 &ndash; February 15, 2014) was an American actress. She began her career in 1954. She often played the role of a romance-starved spinster or wallflower.

Canfield was born in Rochester, New York. She was brought up in Pittsford, New York. Her older sister, Constance, was two years older.

Canfield died from lung cancer on February 15, 2014, aged 89, in Santa Barbara, California. She was outlived by her husband, John Bischof, and two children from a previous marriage.

## References
## Other websites
*
Old Earth creationism

**Old Earth creationism** is a term that covers many different types of creationism.  
#Some old Earth creationists believe God did each act of creation in a day but there were long breaks between each act of creation. 
#Other old Earth creationists believe days mentioned in Genesis are symbolic and really mean much longer time. 
#Other old Earth creationists believe God created life gradually over thousands of millions of years. 
#Other old Earth creationists believe God created life through theistic evolution.  Old Earth creationism typically agrees better with what scientists believe about  physics, chemistry, geology and the age of the Earth, than Young Earth creationism. 

## References
Kaavi

**Kaavi** is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. It had almost 3,260 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kuopio, Juuka, Outokumpu, Polvijärvi and Tuusniemi.

## History
Kaavi was established 1813.

## Sights and activities
* Juutila Foundry
* Telkkämäki Nature Reserve and Heritage Farm
* Vaikkojoki River
* Kaavi Church
* Luikonlahti Orthodox Chapel
* Summertheatres in Luikonlahti and Maarianvaara
* Kaavi Blues Festival in June 
* Spring Market and Autumn Market

## Other websites 
* The official page about Kaavi
Name tag

A **name tag** is a badge or sticker worn on the outermost clothing as a means of displaying the wearer's name for others to view.

## "Hello my name is" stickers 
"Hello my name is" stickers, first introduced by C-Line Products in 1959, became hugely popular.

Many graffiti artists have been known to use these stickers as tags.

## References 
## Other websites
Dress clothes

**Dress clothes** are clothing that is less formal than formal wear but more formal than casual wear.

## Summary
For boys and men, an outfit of dress clothing includes items like a necktie, a dress shirt, trousers, dress socks, and dress shoes.

For girls or women, an outfit of dress clothing can include either slacks, a skirt, or a dress. With slacks or a skirt, a shirt or blouse is worn. With a skirt or dress, hosiery such as pantyhose might be worn.

Dress clothing is often worn for nights out. It is worn in white collar work environments such as offices. Other appropriate places include gatherings such as graduations, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, and funerals.

## References
Bow tie

The **bow tie**  is a type of boys and men's necktie. It consists of a ribbon of fabric tied around the collar in a symmetrical manner such that the two opposite ends form loops. Ready-tied bow ties are available, in which the distinctive bow is sewn and a band goes around the neck and clips to secure. Some "clip-ons" dispense with the band altogether, instead clipping to the collar. The traditional bow tie, consisting of a strip of cloth which the wearer has to tie by hand, may be known as a "self-tie," "tie-it-yourself," or "freestyle" bow tie to distinguish it from these.

## Other websites
Outokumpu

**Outokumpu** is a city in North Karelia, Finland. It had almost 7,300 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Heinävesi, Kaavi, Liperi, Polvijärvi and Tuusniemi.

The municipality was previously called *Kuusjärvi* until 1968.

A deep hole was drilled near here between 2004 and 2005. The hole is 2,516 meters deep and its diameter is 22 cm. It was made for research purposes by the Russian company Nedra.

## Villages
Kalaton, Kuusjärvi, Kokonvaara, Maljasalmi, Rikkaranta, Sysmä, Taipale, Varislahti, Viuruniemi, Ulla, Alavi, Harmaasalo, Törisevä, Vuonos, Kuminvaara, Sätös and Paloranta.

## Other websites 
* The official Outokumpu page
Äänekoski

**Äänekoski** is a city in Central Finland. It had about 20,060 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kannonkoski, Konnevesi, Laukaa, Saarijärvi, Uurainen, Vesanto and Viitasaari.

The former municipalities of Sumiainen and Suolahti were merged with Äänekoski in 2007.

## Other websites 
* The official Äänekoski page
Ikaalinen

**Ikaalinen** is a town in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It had about 7,295 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Hämeenkyrö, Jämijärvi, Kankaanpää, Parkano, Sastamala and Ylöjärvi.

## Other websites 
* The official Ikaalinen page
Jessica Szohr

**Jessica Karen Szohr** (pronounced *zorr*; born March 31, 1985) is an American actress. In the series *Gossip Girl*, she played Vanessa. In *Piranha 3D* she played Kelly.

Szohr was born in Wisconsin.

## References
Alexandre Bilodeau

**Alexandre Bilodeau** (born September 8, 1987 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian retired freestyle skier. He skied in the men's moguls events for Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. He won the gold medal at the 2010 Games and became the first Canadian to win a gold medal at an Olympic Games held in Canada. Bilodeau also competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where he successfully defended his gold medal and became the first Canadian to defend an individual title since Catriona Lemay Doan at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. He has also won FIS World Championships in dual moguls.

On March 21, 2014, Bilodeau said that he was going to retire after the 2013–14 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup season.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website  
*Profile at the International Ski Federation  
*
Juuka

**Juuka**, (), is a municipality in North Karelia, Finland. In January 2014, over 5,190 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Juankoski, Kaavi, Kontiolahti, Lieksa, Nurmes, Polvijärvi and Rautavaara. 

## Villages 
Ahmovaara, Halivaara (Hali), Juuka, Kannas, Kajoo, Kuhnusta, Larinsaari, Matara, Nunnanlahti, Paalasmaa, Petrovaara, Pihlajavaara, Polvela, Raholanvaara (Rahola), Timovaara, Tuopanjoki, Vaikko, Vuokko.

## Other websites 
* The official page
Islam in Morocco

**Islam** is the largest religion in **Morocco** making up about 99% of the population. The remaining 1% are Christian and Jewish.

## History 
Islam was first brought to Morocco in 680 by an Arab invasion under Oqba ben Nafi. He rode his horse into the Atlantic Ocean saying that was all that prevented him from more conquests. He called Morocco *Maghreb al-Aksa* (meaning the farthest west).

## References
Toivakka

**Toivakka** is a municipality in Central Finland. It had almost 2,050 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Hankasalmi, Joutsa, Jyväskylä, Kangasniemi, Laukaa and Muurame.

## Some villages
Haukanmaa, Huikko, Humalamäki, Kankainen, Nisula, Paloskylä, Ruuhimäki, Taka-Toivakka, Vihijärvi and Viisarimäki.

## Other websites 
* The official page
Urho Kekkonen National Park

**Urho Kekkonen National Park** () is a national park in northern Lapland in Finland. It is near the cities of Savukoski, Sodankylä and Inari. The park began in 1983 and is one of the largest national parks in Finland.

## Other websites
Simón Díaz

**Simón Narciso Díaz Márquez** (August 8, 1928 – February 19, 2014) was a Venezuelan singer. He was a Grammy Award winning composer of Venezuelan music.

On September 30, 2008, the Latin Grammy Awards announced that it would honor Díaz with a Lifetime Achievement Award, (El Premio del Consejo Directivo).

Díaz had Alzheimer's disease for many years. He died on 19 February 2014 in Caracas, Venezuela.

## References
## Other websites
*Simón Díaz Discography (partial)
* Simón Díaz Biography —Venezuelan *cuatro blog*
* Learn to play his songs —*El cuatro venezolano blog*
* Lets bring Simón Díaz to the 2009 Grammy—Facebook group
* Simón Díaz music
* Palabras para Simón - Lo afirmativo venezolano
Gene Saks

**Gene Saks** (**Jean Michael Saks**; November 8, 1921 &ndash; March 28, 2015) was an American stage and movie director. He is known for his movies *Barefoot in the Park*, *The Odd Couple*, and *Cactus Flower*. 

Saks was born in New York City on November 6, 1921. He studied at Cornell University and at The New School. Saks was married to Bea Arthur from 1950 to 1980. They had two children. He married to Keren Saks. They have one child.

Saks died from pneumonia in his East Hampton, New York home on March 28, 2015, aged 93.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Gene Saks at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection
Iijoki

**Iijoki** is river in Finland. It flows through Northern Ostrobothnia. It is  long. It flows to the Bothnian Bay.

## Other websites
Regions of Finland

Finland is divided into 19 **regions**. These are the main administrative divisions of the country.

* Central Finland, Keski-Suomi
* Central Ostrobothnia, Keski-Pohjanmaa
* Kainuu, Kainuu
* Kanta-Häme, Kanta-Häme
* Kymenlaakso, Kymenlaakso
* Finnish Lapland, Lappi
* North Karelia, Pohjois-Karjala
* Northern Ostrobothnia, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa
* Northern Savonia, Pohjois-Savo
* Ostrobothnia (region), Pohjanmaa
* Päijänne Tavastia, Päijät-Häme
* Pirkanmaa, Pirkanmaa
* Satakunta, Satakunta
* South Karelia, Etelä-Karjala
* Southern Ostrobothnia, Etelä-Pohjanmaa
* Southern Savonia, Etelä-Savo
* Southwest Finland, Varsinais-Suomi
* Uusimaa, Uusimaa
* Åland Islands, Ahvenanmaa

## Other websites
* 18 Regions in mainland, Finland
Metro Davao

**Metro Davao** is a metropolitan area in the Southern Philippines. It includes the cities of Davao City, Digos in Davao del Sur, Tagum, Panabo and Samal in Davao del Norte.

## Cities of the Metro Davao
Paimio

**Paimio** () is a town in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014, almost 11,000 people lived there.

Nearby municipalities are Lieto, Kaarina, Marttila, Salo, Sauvo and Tarvasjoki.

## Other websites 
* The official page
Sandfly

**Sandflies** are a group of flies, many of which feed on blood and are vectors of parasites. 

The group is the **Phlebotominae**, a subfamily of flies.   Parasitic diseases spread by the flies include leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and pappataci fever. In the New World leishmaniasis is spread by sand flies in the genus *Lutzomyia*. *Lutzomyia* often live in caves, where their main hosts are bats. In the Old World sand flies in the genus *Phlebotomus* spread leishmaniasis.

Phlebotomine females, and only females, suck blood from various mammals, reptiles and birds. Some species are selective, whereas others bite any suitable host they find. All species need a blood meal for every following clutch of eggs after the first. Proteins and other nutrients in the blood enable the female to produce eggs.  

The flies use their mouthparts to start the host bleeding. They then suck up the exposed blood. Like practically all blood-feeding parasites, they inject biochemicals that inhibit blood clotting, plus some that stimulate host mast cells to produce histamine; this distend capillary vessels, thereby promoting blood flow.

One blood meal can support the production of about 100 eggs. Females lay their eggs in humid soil rich in organic matter.

Sand flies are small; a body size of about 3mm in length is typical. This helps them in escape notice. Their bite is not always felt, but leaves a small round, reddish bump that starts itching hours or days later.  Use of insect repellent is recommended in areas where sand flies are present.

## References
Lake Ladoga

**Lake Ladoga** (, ) is a very large lake in Russia. It is the largest lake in Europe and one of the 20 largest lakes on Earth. 

There are six hundreds islands in the lake.

## References
Kankaanpää

**Kankaanpää** is a city in Satakunta, Finland. It had about 12,000 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Honkajoki, Ikaalinen, Jämijärvi, Karvia, Parkano, Pomarkku, Sastamala and Siikainen.

The municipality of Lavia is today a part of Pori. Lavia is also near Kankaanpää.

Municipalities inside Kankaanpää are Kankaanpää, Niinisalo, Vihteljärvi, Lohikko, Venesjärvi and Veneskoski. 

The town manager is Mika Hatanpää. Before him the town manager was Paavo Karttunen. 

## Sport
- Kankaanpään Suunnistajat (KanSu) orienteering

- Kankaanpään Maila (KaMa) baseball

- Kankaanpään Pallo (KaPa) football

- Kankaanpään Uimarit (KankU) swimming

- etc.

## History
In Kankaanpää has been found lots of Stone Age artifacts. But not so many Copper or Iron Age artifacts.

First inhabitants were in Kankaanpää in 16th century with 10 houses.  

In early 19th century population of Kankaanpää was about 2,000. In 1850s the population was about 4,000.  

The church of Kankaanpää has been built in 1839. Architect of church was C. L. Engel. There is a military and old cemetery in the garden of church. Other cemeteries are in the downtown and near the church. 

There were not big battles in Kankaanpää in the Civil war. Sampakoski battle was on 22. February 1918 in Sampakoski near Lavia. The whites won the reds there. There is novadays a memorial of the battle. Near the battlefield is the cemetery of the reds. 

Kankaanpää has founded in 1865 and it became a market town in 1967 and at last a town in 1972. 

The local magazine Kankaanpään Seutu has founded in 1968. Before it the local magazine was Kankaanpään aluesanomat. The chief reporter of Kankaanpään Seutu is Jarkko Ambrusin. 

## Other websites 
* The official Kankaanpää page
Ashleigh McIvor

**Ashleigh McIvor** (born September 15, 1983 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian retired freestyle skier. She skied in the women's ski cross event for Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. She became the first gold medal winner of the event. She has also competed at the Winter X Games where she was able to place second. She suffered a devastating ACL injury in her knee which ended her season and was a factor in her retirement from competitive skiing in the fall of 2012. She announced "I’ve gone back and forth in my mind, wondering if I’m making the right decision to retire. But I’ve already done more in the sport than I ever imagined would be possible and there’s something to be said for going out on top, as the reigning Olympic champion."

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*profile at the International Ski Federation
*
Vesper Lynd

**Vesper Lynd** is a character in several James Bond movies and in the novel Casino Royale. She is a Bond girl. 

In the novel, she works for MI6 and assists Bond whilst gambling in France. She later turns out to be a double agent.
 
In the 1967 movie *Casino Royale*, she is a former MI6 agent who has an affair with a man named Evelyn Tremble. She later betrays him. 

In the 2006 movie *Casino Royale*, she is a foreign liaison agent. She is also a double agent working for a terrorist group named Quantum, which MI6 are trying to stop. She later falls in love with Bond. She embezzles money for Quantum, but Bond does not know that. She dies when an elevator she is in fills with water. 

Vesper Lynd is played by Ursula Andress in the 1967 movie and by Eva Green in 2006 movie.
Tsarevich of Russia

The title of **Tsarevich of Russia** was traditionally used by the heir apparent or heir presumptive in the Russian Empire. The title was used with the style *Imperial Highness*. The title was usually only used by males due to females being prevented from succeeding the throne after Catherine the Great. 

## Usage 
It is often confused with "tsarevich", which is the title for any son of a tsar. Normally, there was only one *tsesarevich* at a time (an exception was Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, who was accorded the title until death, even though law gave it to his nephew), and the title was used exclusively in Russia. 

The title came to be used together with the formal style "successor" (*Naslednik*), as in "His Imperial Highness the Successor Tsesarevich and Grand Duke". The wife of the *Tsesarevich* was the **Tsesarevna**.

## Examples
**His Imperial Highness* Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia, Grand Duke of Russia. He used the title all his life. He never succeeded his father and was murdered in 1917.
**His Imperial Highness* Tsarevich Nicholas. He used the title from 1868 till the death of his father in 1894. The  future Nicholas II of Russia. He was the last Russian Tsar.
*Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia, son and heir of Peter the Great who never succeeded. 

## Related pages 
*Titles of European royal heirs
*Russia
*Russian Empire

## Notes 
## References
Margarita Stāraste-Bordevīka

**Margarita Stāraste-Bordevīka** (; born **Margarita Barvikha** (); 2 February 1914 &ndash; 18 February 2014) was a Russian-born Latvian author and illustrator. She was known for her books for children.

Her most popular books are "*Balti tīri sniega vīri*" (1942), "*Ziemassvētku pasakas*" (1943), "*Zīļuks*" (1961), "*Pasaku ābece*" (1969) and "*Lācīša Rūcīša raibā diena*" (1977). Her first book was published in 1942. She co-authored a collection of folk songs in Livonian. "*Urū! Rurū!*" (1994) was published in both Latvian and Livonian.

She was born **Margarita Barvika** on 2 February 1914 in Vladimir, Russian Empire. She was awarded the title as Commander of the Order of the Three Stars on 7 April 1999.

Margarita Stāraste-Bordevīka died on 18 February 2014, at the age of 100.

## References
Pope Leo II

**Pope Leo II** (611 – 28 June 683) was pope of the Catholic Church from 17 August 682 until he died in 28 June 683. He put an end to attempts by the Ravenna archbishops to get away from the control of the Bishop of Rome. He helped the deal for the Ravenna bishops by putting an end to the tax it had been usual for them to pay when they received the pallium. After Agatho died, Leo was elected pope. When Leo died, he was buried in his own monument. After a few years, his remains were moved to a tomb which contained the first four Pope Leos.

## References
Gremlins 2: The New Batch

***Gremlins 2: The New Batch*** is a 1990 American comedy-horror movie. It is about gremlins who attack people in a high-rise office building. The gremlins get wet and are killed when an electric gremlin shocks them. A female gremlin survives and later marries. Phoebe Cates plays Kate Beringer. Howie Mandel plays Gizmo. Julia Sweeney plays Peggy. It is the sequel to Gremlins.

Gremlins 2: The New Batch features the appearances of Looney Tunes characters Porky Pig, Daffy Duck and Bugs Bunny in the animation sequences.

This movie was released in June 1990. The review from some critics was very positive. The box office was not good. The rating in the United States was PG-13.

## Other websites 
*
Toni Ucci

**Antonio** "**Toni**" **Ucci** (13 January 1922 &ndash; 19 February 2014) was an Italian actor and comedian from Rome. He appeared in 86 movies between 1948 and 2000.

Ucci died from natural causes on 19 February 2014, aged 92, in his hometown of Rome.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bond girl

**Bond girls** are female characters in James Bond movies, books and video games. They play the love interest of Bond. There are no set rules on what kind of role a Bond girl plays. Some examples of Bond girls are Solitaire, Tatiana Romanova, and Vivienne Michel.

Bond girls are usually aged in their early-to-mid 20s, about 10 years younger than Bond. Their normal dress is  without much jewellery. The dress style, however, varies. 

There have been only two movies in which Bond falls in love with a Bond girl and actually marries one of them. The first was ''On Her Majesty's Secret Service* (1969), where Bond falls in love with and marries Countess Tereza di Vicenzo played by Diana Rigg, who is shot dead during their . The most recent of them was *Casino Royale* (2006), where Bond falls in love with Vesper Lynd played by Eva Green.

Ursula Andress played the character Honey Ryder in *Dr. No* (1962) and Vesper Lynd in *Casino Royale'' (1967). Halle Berry's was a character in *Die Another Day*. Others who were Bond girls are Britt Ekland, Claudine Auger, Lois Chiles, Carole Bouquet, Tanya Roberts, Teri Hatcher, Gemma Arterton, Rosamund Pike and Léa Seydoux.

## References
Lo que la vida me robó

***Lo Que La Vida Me Robó (International Title: What Life Took From Me)*** is a Mexican telenovela produced by Angelli Nesma Medina for Televisa. It is a remake of *Bodas de odio*, produced by Ernesto Alonso in 1983. In 2003, *Amor real*, the first remake, was produced by Carla Estrada. Unlike *Bodas de odio* and *Amor real*, *Lo Que La Vida Me Robó* has been adapted to the present time.

## Cast 
* Daniela Castro - *Doña Graciela Giacinti de Mendoza.*
* Angelique Boyer -  *Monserrat Mendoza Giacinti.*
* Sebastián Rulli - *Alejandro Almonte Domínguez.*
* Luis Roberto Guzmán - *José Luis Álvarez.*
* Lisset - *Fabiola Guillén*
* Sergio Sendel - *Pedro Medina.*
* Rogelio Guerra - *Almirante Don Lauro Mendoza.*
* Eric del Castillo - *Padre Anselmo.*
* Gabriela Rivero - *Carlota Mendoza.* 
* Grettell Valdez - *María Zamudio.*
* Francisco Gattorno - *Sandro Narváez*
* Alberto Estrella - *Juventino Zamudio.* 
* Ana Bertha Espín - *Rosario Domínguez.*
* Juan Carlos Barreto - *Macario Peralta.*
* Luis Uribe - *Capitán Ignacio Robledo.*
* Osvaldo Benavides - *Dimitrio Mendoza Gianciti.*
* Verónica Jaspeado - *Josefina "Finita" "Josefa" Valverde.*
* Margarita Magaña - *Esmeralda Ramos.*
* Carlos de la Mota - *Refugio Solares.* 
* Alejandro Ávila - *Víctor Hernández.*
* Alejandra García - *Nadia Argüelles de Medina.*
* Ferdinando Valencia - *Adolfo Argüelles.*
* Marco Uriel - *Efraín Loreto.*
* Isabella Camil - *Amelia Betrand de Arechiga.*
* Luis Xavier - *Joaquín Arechiga.*
* Ilithya Manzanilla - *Angélica Arechiga Betrand.*
* Natalia Juárez - *Virginia Arechiga Betrand.*
* Alejandra Procuna - *Dominga García.*
* Luis Gatica - *Bruno Gamboa.*
* Rafael Amador - *Teniente.*
* Juan Romanca - *Gaspar Zamundio.*
* Ricardo Vera - *Licenciado.*
* Osvaldo de León - *Sebastián de Icaza.*
* Alfredo Adame - *Don Benjamín Almonte.*
* Alexis Ayala - *Ezequiel Basurto.*
* Raúl Buenfil - *Antonio Olivares.*
* Mauricio de Montellano - *Marino.*
* Lizzeta Romo - *Violeta.*

## References
Volapük Wikipedia

The **Volapük Wikipedia** is the Volapük version of the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia.  See List of Wikipedias.

It is 54th largest edition by article count.

Some believe that Wikipedia should get rid of it, because most of the changes come from one bot user. 

## References
Abduwali Muse

**Abduwali Muse** (born 1990) is a Somali pirate. In 2009, he captured a ship from the United States and took its captain Richard Phillips as hostage. He was sentenced to over 33 years in prison on 16 February 2011.

## References
George Everest

**Sir George Everest** (; 4 July 1790 &ndash; 1 December 1866) was a Welsh surveyor and geographer. He was the Surveyor General of India from 1830 through 1843.

Everest was born on 4 July 1790 in Gwernvale Manor, just west of Crickhowell in Powys. He was baptised in Greenwich.

He was largely responsible for completing the section of the Great Trigonometric Survey of India along the meridian arc from southern India extending north to Nepal, a distance of about . This survey was started by William Lambton in 1806 and it lasted for several decades. In 1865, Mount Everest was named in his honour despite his objections by the Royal Geographical Society. This enormous peak was surveyed by Everest's successor, Andrew Scott Waugh, in his role as the Surveyor-General of India.

Everest died on 1 December 1866 in London, England. He was 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
Malcolm Tierney

**Malcolm Tierney** (25 February 1938 &ndash; 18 February 2014) was an English actor. He began his career in 1964. He had many different roles in movies, television shows, and theatre. He was born in Manchester, which was then part of Lancashire.

Tierney died on 18 February 2014, at the age of 75.

## References
## Other websites
*
Natalya Gorbanevskaya

on 19 September 2005.]]

**Natalya Yevgenyevna Gorbanevskaya** (; 26 May 1936 &ndash; 29 November 2013) was a Russian poet, journalist, translator of Polish literature and civil rights activist.

She was born in Moscow. She graduated from the Saint Petersburg State University in 1964. In 2005, she became a citizen of Poland.

Gorbanevskaya died on 29 November 2013 at her home in Paris, France. She was aged 77.

## References
Bileh

**Bileh** is a Somali pirate. He acts as a spokesperson for his group. He is based in Eyl in Puntland. He operates in both the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.

## References
Pope Anicetus

**Pope Anicetus** (ca. 155-166), was the tenth Pope of the Catholic Church, the official title is the Bishop of Rome.  During his time as Pope, Rome became a center of Christian knowledge with the teachings of St. Hegesippus, St. Justin Martyr and St. Polycarp, a follower of St. John the Evangelist.

During his time as Pope, there were many discussions of when, exactly, the feast of the Resurrection (Easter) should be celebrated.  This Pope favored the custom of celebrating Easter on a Sunday while others thought it should be celebrated on Passover, whatever day of the week that it should fall on.  Anacetus's practice of celebrating Easter on Sunday was maintained while members of the Eastern Church favored Passover.

His feast day is celebrated on April 17.
## Related pages
* List of popes

## References
American Idiot (song)

"**American Idiot**" is the first single and title track off American punk rock band Green Day's seventh studio album *American Idiot*. The song was released on 31 August, 2004. The song criticizes the United States around 2004. The song was nominated for 4 Grammy Awards for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, Best Rock Song, Best Short Form Music Video and Record of the Year. The band performed the song at the 2005 Grammy Awards.

## Music video 
The video features Green Day playing in a warehouse in front of a green American flag. The band plays at different speeds in the middle of the video. The stripes of the flag melt onto the ground during the bridge. They are sprayed by a green liquid from amplifiers next to the flag. The end of the video shows the band dropping their instruments and leaving.

## References
## Other websites
*
Equal Pay Act of 1963

The  **Equal Pay Act of 1963** is a Federal law that amends the Fair Labor Standards Act. It prohibits wage disparity based solely on gender. It was signed into law on June 10, 1963 by John F. Kennedy, who at that time was President of the United States. The principle was equal pay for equal work regardless of sex.

## History 
In 1868 a major objective of the Knights of Labor was equal pay for men and women. During World War I and World War II the National War Labor Board had the power to set labor standards for American businesses. During the Korean War the Wage Stabilization Board set these standards. In all three cases they set equal pay policies for both sexes during wartime. In 1919 two states, Michigan and Montana, passed equal pay laws. But it wasn't until after World War II that any other states followed their examples. In 1945 the 79th Congress introduced an equal pay bill that did not pass. It was 18 years later when the 88th Congress passed such legislation. It was called the Equal Pay Act of 1963. President John F. Kennedy signed this into law on June, 10 1963. At the ceremony held in the Oval Office of the White House president Kennedy gave special recognition to several groups and individuals who worked towards this law. Among those honored were Congresswomen Edna Kelly and Edith Green, Assistant Secretary of Labor Esther Peterson, National Council of Negro Women President Dr. Dorothy Height and Business and Professional Women's Foundation President Dr. Minnie Miles. The gap between college educated women and college educated men has actually widened slightly.

## Notes 
## References
Jay Leggett

**Jay Michael Leggett** (August 9, 1963 &ndash; November 23, 2013) was an American actor, improvisational comedian, producer, director, and screenwriter. He was born in Tomahawk, Wisconsin. Leggett graduated from Tomahawk High School before he received his Bachelor's degree in fine arts from the University of Wisconsin&ndash;Stevens Point.

After a day of deer hunting, Leggett died from a massive heart attack on November 23, 2013 in Lincoln County, Wisconsin. He was aged 50.

## References
## Other websites
*
Kristinestad

**Kristinestad** () is a town in the Ostrobothia region of Finland. There were about 7,000 people living there in January 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Isojoki, Karijoki, Merikarvia, Närpes and Teuva. The people living in the town are bilingual; about 56% of the people speak Swedish. Most of the rest, about 42%, speak Finnish.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Homepage
* Museums in Kristinestad
Ilmajoki

**Ilmajoki** () is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. There were about 12,090 people living there on January 31, 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Isokyrö, Jalasjärvi, Kurikka, Laihia and Seinäjoki. Most of the people speak Finnish.

## Some villages 
* Ahonkylä 
* Huissi 
* Jouppila
* Könni 
* Pojanluoma
* Röyskölä
* Varpahaiskylä

## Other websites 
* Municipality site
Teuva

**Teuva** () is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. There were about 5,700 people living there on 31 January 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kristinestad, Kurikka and Närpes. About 99% of the people living there speak Finnish. Teuva was established in 1868.

## Villages 
Horonkylä, Kauppila, Kirkonkylä, Korvenkylä, Komsi, Luovankylä, Norinkylä, Perälä, Riippi and Äystö,

## Other websites 
* Municipality site
Luosto

**Luosto** is a hill in Finnish Lapland, in the Sodankylä municipality. It is about 510&nbsp;meters high. It is part of Pyhä-Luosto National Park.

## Other websites
* Luosto-website
* webcams
Horror Epics

***Horror Epics*** is the fourth studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. *Horror Epics* was released on April 15th 1985. The album was re-released in 2004 on the Captain Oi! label. Allmusic rated the album 2 stars out of 5.

## Songs
**Side one**

**Side two**

**Re-release bonus tracks**

## References
Let's Start a War

'''''Let's Start a War''** (also known as **Let's Start a War... (Said Maggie One Day)'*) is the third studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. *Let's Start a War'' was released in 1983. It was re-released in 1998 on the Captain Oi! label. The name of the album refers to Margaret Thatcher's decision to go to war over the Falkland Islands in 1982. The reissue featured three songs from their Rival Leaders EP.

## Songs
**Side one**

**Side two**

## References
Ostrobothnia (historical province)

**Ostrobothnia** () is a historical province in Finland. In terms of today's regions, it covered all of Kainuu, Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Northern Ostrobothnia, most of Southern Ostrobothnia and the southern part of Finnish Lapland, *Peräpohjola*.
Rukatunturi

**Rukatunturi** () is a hill (or fell) in Kuusamo, Finland. It is 490&nbsp;metres (1,610&nbsp;ft) high. There is a ski resort there.

## Other websites
* Ski resort website
Beat the Bastards

***Beat the Bastards*** is the seventh studio album by Scottish hardcore punk band, The Exploited. *Beat the Bastards* was released on April 23, 1996. Allmusic rated the album 3 stars out of 5.

## Songs
## References
Stephen Synnott

**Stephen P. Synnott** is an American astronomer. He is also a scientist for the Voyager program. He discovered several moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

He discovered Metis, Puck, Larissa, Proteus,

## References
Troops of Tomorrow

***Troops of Tomorrow*** is the second studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. *Troops of Tomorrow* was released in 1982. American heavy metal band Slayer and rapper Ice-T covered a medley called "Disorder" which was featured on the soundtrack to the 1993 movie Judgment Night. The song "UK82" was also used as the opening and closing theme for the 1983 movie *Made in Britain* starring Tim Roth.

The music video for the song "Fuck the USA" starts with a typed intro and says "And so... a Pandora's box of rejection and reaction was opened. Today, thousands carry on the greatest anti-movement of our age. Punk rock, the end of our dreams..." The lead vocalist Wattie Buchan starts shouting while the music starts. They play on stage while there are some clips of the band walking around the streets of Scotland and having fun. The song ends with an interview with the band.

## Songs
**Side one**

**Side two**

## References
Punks Not Dead

***Punks Not Dead*** is the debut studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. *Punks Not Dead* was released in April 1981. They made the album as a reaction to critics who thought that the genre was dead, and was also against popular trends such as New Wave, hardcore and post-punk. The album is regarded as one of the definitive Oi! albums. The album peaked at #20 on the UK charts in May of that year.

## Songs
**Side one**

**Side two**

**2001 Re-release**

## References
Igor Kurnosov

**Igor Dmitrievich Kurnosov** (; 30 May 1985 &ndash; 8 August 2013) was a Russian chess grandmaster. In 2008, he won the Arctic Chess Challenge. He was also the winner of 2008/9 Hastings Masters tournament.

Kurnosov died after he was hit by a car in the early hours of 8 August 2013 in his hometown of Chelyabinsk. He was aged 28.

## References
## Other websites
* Igor Kurnosov at Chess Games
16 BC

Year **16 BC** was either a common year starting on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday or a leap year starting on Monday or Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Scipio**.

## Events 
* Noricum is added the Roman Empire
* Caesar Augustus makes Trier the capital of German provinces

## Deaths 
* Cornelia Scipio, daughter of Publius Cornelius Scipio Salvito and Scribonia (b. c. 46 BC)
* Empress Wang
17 BC

Year **17 BC** was either a common year starting on Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Furnius and Silanus**.

## Events 
* Rome celebrates the Secular Games

## Births 
* Arminius, German war chief (d. AD 21)
* Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, son of Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and Antonia Major (d. AD 40)
* Lucius Caesar, son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (d. AD 2)
Death Before Dishonour

***Death Before Dishonour*** is the fifth studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. *Death Before Dishonour* was released on April 15, 1987. The album was re-released on June 19, 2001. The single "Sexual Favours" had a music video released for it. The album was ranked in the top 200 of the Britain Alternative Music list. The re-release of the album featured seven more tracks.

## Songs
;Re-release bonus tracks

## References
18 BC

Year **18 BC** was either a common year starting on Friday, Saturday or Sunday or a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Lentulus**.

## Events 
* Caesar Augustus introduced the Lex Julia (*Julian Laws*)
* Onjo becomes the first ruler of the Korean kingdom of Baekje
19 BC

Year **19 BC** was either a common year starting on Thursday, Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Thursday or Friday of the Julian calendar.  At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Saturninus and Vespillo**.

## Events
* Lucius Cornelius Balbus receives the honor of a Roman triumph for his victories over the Garamantes in Africa
* Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa completes the Aqua Virgo
* The Cantabrians are brought under Roman control

## Births 
* Vipsania Julia Agrippina, daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (d. c. AD 28)

## Deaths 
* Virgil, Roman poet (b. 70 BC)
* Albius Tibullus, Roman poet (b. 54 BC)
20 BC

Year **20 BC** was either a common year starting on Wednesday or Thursday or a leap year starting on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Appuleius and Nerva**.

## Events 
* Rome and Parthia make a peace treaty
* King Herod the Great begins to renovate the Temple in Jerusalem
* Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France, is built (approximate date)
* Marcus Verrius Flaccus' dictionary De verborum significatu is published. It is one of the first great dictionaries in history.
* Shakas no longer control northwest India

## Births 
* Gaius Caesar, grandson of Augustus Caesar (d. AD 4)
* Philo, the philosopher (approximate date) (d. AD 50)
Jalasjärvi

**Jalasjärvi** is a former municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, in Finland. There were about 7,950 people living there on January 31, 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Ilmajoki, Karvia, Kauhajoki, Kihniö, Kurikka, Parkano and Seinäjoki. Most of the people speak Finnish. Literally Jalasjärvi refers to water (*järvi* means "lake"), but only 1% of the area is water. On 1 January 2016, it was merged to the town of Kurikka.

## Some villages 
Alavalli, Hirvijärvi, Ilvesjoki, Taivalmaa and Ylivalli.

## Other websites 
* Villages  
* Municipality site
Queen Alexandra's birdwing

'''Queen Alexandra's birdwing''' is a rare butterfly. It was named for Alexandra of Denmark. It lives only in the northern province of Papua New Guinea. The wingspan of this butterfly is 11 inches or more for an adult female. This makes it the largest butterfly. The abdomen is bright yellow. It has brightly colored wings, mostly light blue and black.

The Queen Alexandra's birdwing was discovered by Albert Stewart Meek
21 BC

Year **21 BC** was either a common year starting on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Lollius and Lepidus**.

## Events 
* Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa divorces Claudia Marcella.  He then marries Julia the Elder, daughter of Caesar Augustus.

## Births 
* Naevius Sutorius Macro, Roman politician (d. AD 38)
Fuck the System

***Fuck the System*** is the eighth studio album by Scottish hardcore punk band, The Exploited. *Fuck the System* was released in January 2003. 

On 14 October 2003, 500 fans started a riot in Montreal, Quebec after an Exploited concert was cancelled because the band was not allowed into Canada. The band was then banned in Mexico City after city officials heard about the riot.

## Songs
## References
22 BC

Year **22 BC** was either a common year starting on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday or Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Arruntius**.

## Events 
* Aemilius Lepidus Paullus and Lucius Munatius Plancus are Roman Censors
* The Roman governor of Egypt destroys the Nubian capital of Napata
* King Artaxias II returns to Armenia and claims the throne. Artavasdes I escapes to Rome.