open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Shigeru Miyamoto gameography

The **Shigeru Miyamoto gameography** includes all video games directed, produced, or designed by Shigeru Miyamoto. Hired in 1977 at Nintendo Co, Ltd. by president Hiroshi Yamauchi for his toy creations, Miyamoto's video game career began as Nintendo entered the arcade video game market in the late 1970s, and continued to grow the company itself and take an increasing leadership role. His video game contributions began with arcade cabinet art, then pixel art design as in the arcade *Sheriff* (1979), full game codevelopment roles as in the arcade *Radar Scope* (1980), primary concept and development roles as in Nintendo's first phenomenal hit *Donkey Kong* (1981), and his first console-only game *Devil World* (1984). Miyamoto has become one of the most influential video game designers of all time, having started video game franchises such as *Super Mario* and *The Legend of Zelda*.

## References
Jayankondam

**Jayankondam** is the town in Udayarpalayam taluk. It is near Gangaikonda Cholapuram, the famous Brihadeshwara Temple. It is 10&nbsp;km away from Jayankondam. It was ruled by Cholas. Jayankondam is well known the cashew nuts.
Diogo Freitas do Amaral

**Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral** (; 21 July 1941 – 3 October 2019), known as **Freitas do Amaral**, was a Portuguese politician, writer and law professor. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 March 2005 to 3 July 2006. He also was the Prime Minister in an acting role from 4 December 1980 through 9 January 1981. He was born in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal.

Frietas do Amaral was a candidate for president in 1986 and lost to Mário Soares by a small percentage. He was President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1995 through 1996.

In September 2019, Frietas do Amaral was hospitalized in critical condition for bone cancer at a Cascais hospital. He died at the hospital on 3 October 2019 at the age of 78.

## References
Cascais

**Cascais** () is a municipality in the Lisbon District of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The population in 2011 was 206,479. It has an area of 97.40&nbsp;km2. 

## References
Póvoa de Varzim

**Póvoa de Varzim** (, ) is a Portuguese city in Northern Portugal and sub-region of Greater Porto.  In 2001, there were 63,470 inhabitants, with 42,396 living in the city proper. It is the seventh-largest cities in Portugal and the third largest in Northern Portugal.

## References
Aračinovo Municipality

**Aračinovo Municipality** ( , ) is a municipality in the northern part of the Republic of North Macedonia. *Aračinovo* is also the name of the village where the municipal seat is found. The municipality is in the Skopje Statistical Region. In 2002, 11,597 people lived there.

## Geography 
Aračinovo Municipality borders with Lipkovo Municipality to the north, the City of Skopje to the west, Petrovec Municipality to the south and Kumanovo Municipality to the east.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Jafar Kashani

**Jafar Ashraf Kashani** (, March 21, 1944 – October 2, 2019) was an Iranian football player. He played for Persepolis F.C. until 1974 when he was captain. Then he was hired by Ministry of Foreign Affairs and worked in embassies in Germany and UAE. He was also a member of board of directors at IRIFF and Persepolis.

Kashani was born in Tehran. He died on 2 October 2019 from a heart attack in Tehran at the age of 75.

## References
Gevgelija Municipality

**Gevgelija** (, *Opština Gevgelija*) is a municipality in the southern part of the Republic of North Macedonia. *Gevgelija* is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found. Gevgelija Municipality is in the Southeastern Statistical Region. In 2002, 22,988 people lived there.

## Geography 
The municipality borders Kavadarci Municipality to the west, Demir Kapija Municipality to the northwest, Valandovo Municipality to the northeast, Bogdanci Municipality to the east, and Greece to the south.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Detroit, Oregon

**Detroit** is a city in Marion County, Oregon,  United States. The population was 203 at the 2020 census.

In September, 2020, the city was burned to the ground by a wildfire. 

## References
Villars-Tiercelin

**Villars-Tiercelin** was a municipality in the district Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Villars-Tiercelin, Montaubion-Chardonney, Sottens, Villars-Mendraz and Peney-le-Jorat merged to form the new municipality of Jorat-Menthue.

## References
Woodbury, Georgia

**Woodbury** is a town in Meriwether County, Georgia, United States. The population was 908 at the 2020 census.

## References
Richard Jewell

**Richard Allensworth Jewell** (born **Richard White**; December 17, 1962 – August 29, 2007) was an American police officer and security guard. He was born in Danville, Georgia. 

He was known for working as a security guard for AT&T during the Centennial Olympic Park bombing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. He found a backpack filled with three pipe bombs on the park grounds, Jewell called the police and helped to evacuate the area before the bomb exploded, saving many people from injury or death. 

After the bombing, Jewell was seen as a hero but later he was viewed as a suspect, before being cleared. Jewell's case is considered an example of the damage that can be done by media reporting based on unreliable or incomplete information.

Despite never being charged, the media continued to criticize Jewell and calling him the suspected bomber. Jewell was eventually found not guilty, and Eric Rudolph was later found to have been the bomber. 

In 2006, Governor Sonny Perdue publicly thanked Jewell on behalf of the State of Georgia for saving the lives of those at the Olympics.

Jewell died on August 29, 2007 of heart failure caused by diabetes in Woodbury, Georgia at age 44.

In 2019, Clint Eastwood directed a movie about him titled *Richard Jewell*.

## References
## Other websites
*"*Richard Jewell v. NBC*, and other Richard Jewell cases" . Libel and Slander. May 18, 2011
*Farnsworth, Elizabeth (October 28, 1996). "OLYMPIC PARK: ANOTHER VICTIM" . *PBS NewsHour*.
*"'All I did was my job': Decade later, pain of being called bombing suspect fresh to Richard Jewell". NBC News/Associated Press. July 27, 2006.
*
*ESPN 30 for 30 clip
Lake County, Indiana

**Lake County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. In 2020, its population was 498,700, making it Indiana's second-most populous county. The county seat is Crown Point.

This county is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.

## References
Baden, Morbihan

**Baden** (*Baden* in Breton) is a commune in the Morbihan department in  Brittany in northwestern France.

## References 
* INSEE statistics
* Mayors of Morbihan Association  

## Other websites 
* Official site
Madison County, Mississippi

**Madison County** is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 109,145 people lived there. Its county seat is Canton. The county is named for James Madison, 4th President of the United States (1809–1817).

## References
Energy, Illinois

**Energy** is a village in Williamson County, Illinois in the United States. In 2020, it had a population of 974.

## References
Bassins

**Bassins** is a municipality in Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* http://www.bassins.ch 
* http://www.piscinedebassins.ch
Milan, Illinois

'**Milan** ( ) is a village in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States. The population was 5,097 at the 2020 census.

The village is located near the Quad Cities of Illinois and Iowa.

## References
Canton, Massachusetts

**Canton** is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 24,370 at the 2020 census. It is part of Greater Boston, about 15 miles (24 kilometers) southwest of downtown Boston.

## References
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare

**Call of Duty: Modern Warfare** may refer to:
**Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare*
**Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2*
**Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3*
**Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Remastered*
**Call of Duty: Modern Warfare* (2019 video game)
Campus, Illinois

**Campus** is a village in Round Grove and Broughton townships, Livingston County, Illinois. The population was 149 at the 2020 census.

## References
Tsada

**Tsada** is a Village in Cyprus in the Paphos District. Paphos is 8 kilometres south of Tsada. 

## Climate 
The Climate in **Tsada** is classified as Csa "Meditteranean" and has an average annual temperature of 16.7° C .

## Topography 
**Tsada** is 8 kilometres north of Paphos and lies at an altitude of 600 metres above sea level.

## Nearby villages 
Tsada is connected on the northeast by the villages Kallepia, (3.5&nbsp;km) Letimbou, (6&nbsp;km) and Polemi (8&nbsp;km). In the south it is connected with the village of Armou (6&nbsp;km).  In the southwest it is connected with Tala and the monastery of Agios Neophytos.

## References
Paphos

]]
**Paphos** is a city in west Cyprus. It is the capital of Paphos District.  In 2018, 63,600 people lived in the urban area.

The town is a UNESCO World Heritage site for the ancient Greek and Roman city ruins.

## Notable people
* Evagoras Pallikarides, EOKA Fighter, hanged by the British at 19
* Archbishop Makarios, first President of the Republic of Cyprus
* Rauf Denktaş, former President of Northern Cyprus
* Marios Joannou Elia, composer and artistic director
* Suat Günsel, billionaire businessman
* Sonay Adem, socialist politician
* Giorgos Lillikas, candidate for Cyprus Presidential elections
* Stavros Malas, Minister of Health, candidate for Cyprus Presidential elections
* Alex Christofi, Arjatos loxajis
* Özker Özgür, pro-unification Turkish-Cypriot politician
* Theo Paphitis, British-Cypriot businessman
* Andrew Theophanous, politician
* Christos Shelis, footballer

## References
East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania

**East Vandergrift** is a borough in Westmoreland County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The population was 602 at the 2020 census.

## References
Kili

**Kili** is a village in Cyprus in the Paphos District. 

## Nearby villages 
Akoursos is west of Kili and Kathikas north of Kili.
Kallepia

**Kallepia** is a village in Cyprus in the Paphos District. The village is very near Tsada Village.

## Topography 
The village is located at an altitude of  above sea level.
Safety razor

A **safety razor** is a shaving implement with a protective device put between the edge of the blade and the skin. The reason for the protective devices was to make it easier for people to shave without getting hurt. This made professional barbers less needed. The term was first used in a patent issued in 1880.

Plastic disposable razors and razors with replaceable blade attachments are in common use today. Razors commonly include one to five cutting edges, which are sharp.

## Design 
Safety razors first had an edge protected by a comb patterned on different types of protective guards that had been placed to open-blade straight razors during the preceding decades.

## Lifespan 
To maintain the sharpness, razors can be stropped using an old strip of denim.

Safety razors are usually made of razor steel. That is a low chromium stainless steel, and it can be made very sharp. However, it corrodes easily. Drying the blades after using them can make them last longer. Salt from human skin also can corrode the blades, but washing and carefully drying them can make them last longer.

## References
## Other websites
* RazorArchive.com
* The Safety Razor Evolution (Gillette.co.uk)
Danville, Georgia

**Danville** is a town in Twiggs and Wilkinson counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. The population was 165 at the 2020 census.

## References
Kathikas

**Kathikas** is a village in Cyprus in the Paphos District.

## Topography 
Kathikas is located approximately 650 metres above sea level.

## Nearby villages 
Theletra is to the East of Kathikas.

## References
Disposable product

s made of molded pulp]]
A **disposable** (also called **disposable product**) is a product designed to be used only once, and then it would be recycled or is thrown away as solid waste. The word often implies cheapness and short-term convenience instead of something that will last for a long time. The term is also sometimes used for products that may last several months (e.g. disposable air filters) to distinguish from similar things that last forever (e.g. washable air filters).

## Word meaning
"Disposable" is an *adjective* meaning "something not reuseable but is disposed of after use". Many people now use the word as a noun or substantive (i.e. "a disposable") but it is still an adjective. This is because the *noun* (product, nappy, etc.) is implied.

## Other websites
* How disposable chopsticks are made (video).
Cannonball Run

***Cannonball Run*** is a 1981 American Hong Kong action comedy movie starring Burt Reynolds, Jackie Chan, Dom DeLuise and Farah Fawcett.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Disposable and discretionary income

**Disposable income** is the income someone has after they have paid their taxes. Mathematically, it is total personal income minus personal current taxes. In national accounts definitions, personal income minus personal current taxes equals disposable personal income.

## References
## Other websites
* —even though this says it's measuring "disposable income," using the economist's language, it's discretionary income.
* Eurostat, News Release No. 60/2010, , 30 April 2010
* Eurostat, Statistics Explained, Glossary article: National Disposable Income
* OECD Disposable income statistics 
* Google – public data: GDP and Personal Income of the U.S. (annual): Disposal Personal Income
* Google – public data: GDP and Personal Income of the U.S. (annual): Disposal Personal Income per capita
Autonomous consumption

**Autonomous consumption** (also **exogenous consumption**) is when people are paying for things when they have no income. In other words, it is the consumption expenditure that happens when income levels are zero. Such consumption is considered autonomous of income only when spending on these consumables does not change much income is changed; generally, it may be needed to pay for things that are needed and pay off debt. If income levels are actually zero, this consumption is called dissaving. This is because it is paid for by borrowing or using up savings. Autonomous consumption is different from induced consumption because it does not consistently change with income, whereas induced consumption does. The two are related, for all households, through the consumption function:

:C = c_0 + c_1 Y_d
where
* *C* = total consumption,
* *c0* = autonomous consumption (*c0* > 0),
* *c1* = the marginal propensity to consume (the gradient of induced consumption) (0 1* d* = disposable income (income after government taxes, benefits, and transfer payments).

## Related pages 
* Consumption (economics)
* Consumption function

## References
Consumption function

In economics, the **consumption function** shows a relationship between consumption and disposable income. It is believed that John Maynard Keynes introduced the idea in macroeconomics in 1936. He used it to develop the idea of a government spending multiplier. 

## Details
Its simplest form is the *linear consumption function*. It is used often in simple Keynesian models:

:C = a + b \times Y_{d}

where a is the autonomous consumption that is independent of disposable income; in other words, consumption when there is no income. The term b \times Y_{d} is the induced consumption that is influenced by the economy's income level. It is generally assumed that there is no correlation or dependence between Y_{d} and *C*.

## References
## More reading
*  *(Undergraduate level discussion of the subject.)*
*  *(Graduate level discussion of the subject.)*

## Other websites
* An essay examining the strengths and weaknesses of Keynes's theory of consumption
Induced consumption

**Induced consumption** is the part of consumption that changes with disposable income. It is when there is a change in disposable income “” (persuades or makes someone want to do something) a change in consumption on goods and services. In contrast, spending for autonomous consumption do not change with income. For example, spending on a consumable that is considered a normal good would be considered to be induced.

In the simple linear consumption function,

C = a + b \times Y_{d}

induced consumption is represented by the term b \times Y_{d}, where Y_{d} shows disposable income. b is called the marginal propensity to consume.

## References 
*
Ferrodraco

***Ferrodraco lentoni***,  "Lenton's Iron Dragon", is a species of pterosaur. The only known fossil of the pterosaur was found in 2017 north east of Winton, Queensland, Australia. 

Winton is well known as an area where dinosaur fossils are found, but this was the first pterosaur discovered here.

## References
Marginal propensity to consume

In economics, the **marginal propensity to consume** (**MPC**) is a measurement that can put induced consumption into numbers. Induced consumption is the idea that an increase in personal consumer spending (consumption) happens with an increase in disposable income (income after taxes and transfers). The proportion of disposable income which people spend on consumption is called the propensity to consume. MPC is the proportion of more income that a person spends. For example, if a household earns one extra dollar of disposable income, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.65, then the household will spend 65 cents and save 35 cents of that dollar. Obviously, the household cannot spend *more* than the extra dollar (without borrowing).

John Maynard Keynes says that the marginal propensity to consume is less than one.

The MPC is higher for poorer people than in rich.

## Background 
Mathematically, the \mathit{MPC} function is written as the derivative of the consumption function C with respect to disposable income Y, i.e., the instantaneous slope of the C-Y curve.

:\mathit{MPC}=\frac{dC}{dY}

or, approximately,

:\mathit{MPC} = \frac{\Delta C}{\Delta Y}, where \Delta C is the change in consumption, and \Delta Y is the change in disposable income that created the consumption.
Marginal propensity to consume can be found by dividing change in consumption by a change in income, or \mathit{MPC}=\Delta C/\Delta Y. The MPC can be explained with the simple example:

		
Here \Delta C= 50; \Delta Y= 60
Therefore, \mathit{MPC}=\Delta C/\Delta Y= 50/60= 0.83 or 83%.
For example, suppose you receive a bonus with your paycheck, and it's $500 on top of your normal annual earnings. You now have $500 more in income than you did before. If you decide to spend $400 of this marginal increase in income on something, your marginal propensity to consume will be 0.8 (\$400/\$500).

## Related pages
*Average propensity to save
*Average propensity to consume
*Keynesian economics

## References
## More reading
* 
* 
*
Consumer spending

**Consumer spending**, consumption, or consumption expenditure is when people buy goods and services. It is the biggest part of aggregate demand in macroeconomics. There are two parts of consumer spending: induced consumption (which is changed by the level of income) and autonomous consumption (which is not).

## Data
### United States
In the United States, the Consumer Spending figure published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis includes three big categories of personal spending.
* Durable goods: motor vehicles and parts, furniture and durable household equipment, recreational goods and vehicles, and other durable goods.
* Nondurable goods: food and drinks bought to consume in a place different from where it was bought, clothes and shoes, gasoline and other energy goods, and other nondurable goods.
* Services: housing and utilities, healthcare, transportation services, recreation services, food services and accommodations, financial services and insurance, and other services.

## References
Aggregate demand

In macroeconomics, **Aggregate Demand** (**AD**) or **Domestic Final Demand** (**DFD**) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a time. This is the demand for the gross domestic product of a country. It shows the amount of goods and services that will be bought at all possible different prices.

## References
## Other websites
* Elmer G. Wiens: Classical & Keynesian AD-AS Model - An on-line, interactive model of the Canadian Economy.
Tommy Douglas

**Thomas Clement Douglas** (20 October 1904 &ndash; 24 February 1986) was a Canadian socialist politician from Saskatchewan. 

Douglas founded a political party called the CCF representing socialism and the working class. Douglas was elected Premier of Saskatchewan and created universal healthcare for it. Douglas’s health plan was copied by other provinces and spread to all of Canada. Douglas also created a Socialist political party called the New Democratic Party or NDP. 

Douglas is generally very respected because he created Canada’s universal healthcare system, but recently some people have suggested that he should not be that praised because in the 1930s he was a supporter of eugenics.

Douglas died of cancer on 24 February 1986, at the age of 81 in Ottawa. His daughter, Shirley Douglas, was an actress.

## References
Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo

**Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo**, GCC GCIH GCL (); (Abrantes, São João Baptista, 18 January 1930 – Lisbon, 10 July 2004) was a Portuguese chemical engineer and politician. She was the first and to date only woman to serve as Prime Minister of Portugal, and the second woman to serve as Prime Minister in Western Europe, after Margaret Thatcher.

Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo died of cardiac arrest at her home in Lisbon on 10 July  2004, aged 74.

## References
Carlos Mota Pinto

**Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto**, GCC, GCIP, (; Pombal, 25 July 1936 &ndash; Coimbra, 7 May 1985) was a Portuguese professor and politician.

## References
Alfredo Nobre da Costa

**Alfredo Jorge Nobre da Costa**, GCC, ComC, OMRI (Lisbon, Lapa, 10 September 1923 &mdash; Lisbon, 4 February 1996), commonly known just by **Nobre da Costa** (), was a Portuguese engineer and politician.

## Honours
* Commander of the Order of Christ, Portugal (15 September 1961)
* Grand-Cross of the Order of Christ, Portugal (9 April 1981)

## References
Patrick O'Daniel Unit

The '''Patrick O'Daniel Unit''' is a women's prison in Gatesville, Texas, USA. The murderer of Selena Quintanilla was held there.

Until January 2024, it was called the **Mountain View Unit**.

## References
Europa Universalis IV

***Europa Universalis IV*** (***EU4*** in short) is a video game in the Europa Universalis set of games. It is made by Paradox Interactive. It came out in August 2013. The game is a strategy game. Players can play as a country between the years of 1444 and 1821. Players can trade, build colonies, and fight other countries in war.

## References
Pedro Passos Coelho

**Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho** (; born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese politician and university teacher. He was the 118th Prime Minister of Portugal, in office from 2011 to 2015. He was the leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) between 2010 and 2018.

## References
Ord, Nebraska

**Ord** is a city in Valley County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 2,113 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Valley County.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official city website
Hubert Blaine Wolfeschlegelsteinhausenbergerdorff Sr.

**Hubert Blaine Wolfe&shy;schlegel&shy;stein&shy;hausen&shy;berger&shy;dorff Sr.** (a.k.a. **Hubert Wolfstern**, **Hubert B. Wolfe + 988 Sr.**, **Hubert Blaine Wolfe+585 Sr.**, and **Hubert Blaine Wolfe+590 Sr.**, among others) is the shortened name of a man who has had the record for the longest personal name ever used. Hubert's given name is made up from 27 names. Each of those names start with a different letter of the alphabet in alphabetical order; these are followed by a very long name. No one can agree on the exact length and spelling of his name. This is because it has been spelled differently over the years. Many of those spellings have mistakes in them. One of the longest and most reliable published versions, with a 666-letter surname, is:

## Biography
Wolfe&shy;schlegel&shy;stein&shy;hausen&shy;berger&shy;dorff was born in Bergedorf (now part of Hamburg), Germany. Later, he moved to Philadelphia in the United States. However, he was also reported to be age 47 in a 1964 story. He became a typesetter according to Bennett Cerf.
He is also known to have been a member of the American Name Society for a while.

His name first got attention when it was shown in the 1938 Philadelphia telephone directory on page 1292, column 3, line 17, and in a court order of judge John Boyle of May 25, 1938: "Wolfe&shy;schlegel&shy;stein&shy;hausen&shy;berger&shy;dorff, Jr., etc., vs. Yellow Cab Co., petition for compromise settlement granted"—with people believing that the case was settled because "they couldn't pronounce it".

## References
## Other websites
Lucy Flores

**Lucy Flores** (born October 24, 1979) is an American lawyer and politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was a member of the Nevada State Assembly representing the 28th district from 2011 to 2015. She was an unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant governor in 2014. She was born in Glendale, California.

In March 2019, Flores wrote an op-ed for *New York* magazine's "The Cut" alleging then Vice President Joe Biden "inappropriately kissed and touched her after he offered to help her with her 2014 campaign" while the two were at a Las Vegas campaign rally.

## References
## Other websites
* Flores' Twitter account
* Flores' Facebook Fan Page
Eisenhower Executive Office Building

The **Eisenhower Executive Office Building**, formerly known as the **Old Executive Office Building**, and the **State, War, and Navy Building**, is a U.S. government building situated just west of the White House in the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C.

The building was commissioned by President Ulysses S. Grant. It was built between 1871 and 1888, on the site of the original 1800 War/State/Navy Building and the White House stables. It is built in the French Second Empire style which caused a lot of criticism at the time. It did not fit in with other government buildings in the city which were designed in the neoclassical style. Mark Twain said it was "the ugliest building in America." President Harry S. Truman called it "the greatest monstrosity in America." Historian Henry Adams called it Mullett's “architectural infant asylum.”

It is now listed as a National Historic Landmark. 

It was for years the world's largest office building, with 566 rooms and about ten acres of floor space. In 1981, work began to restore the building. The main office of the Secretary of the Navy was restored in 1987 and is now used as the ceremonial office of the Vice President of the United States. Many White House employees have their offices in the EEOB.

## References
Isaac Promise

**Promise Isaac** (2 December 1987 – 2 October 2019) was a Nigerian football player. He last played for Austin Bold FC in the USL Championship. He was the captain of the football team representing Nigeria that won the silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. 

He played professionally for 14 seasons, much of which was spent in Turkey. He scored a total of 77 club goals during his career. Promise was born in Zaria, Nigeria.

Isaac died of a heart attack on October 2, 2019 in Austin, Texas, at age 31.

## References
## Other websites
* Nigerian Players Patabase
Pedro Santana Lopes

**Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes** GCC (; born 29 June 1956), a Portuguese lawyer and politician. He was Prime Minister of Portugal from 2004 to 2005.

## References
John Kirby (lawyer)

**John Joseph Kirby Jr.** (October 22, 1939 – October 2, 2019) was an American attorney. He was known for his successful defense for Nintendo against Universal City Studios over the copyrights of the character of Donkey Kong in 1984. In return, Nintendo named the character Kirby to honor him.

Kirby died on October 2, 2019 in New York City from myelodysplastic syndrome-related problems at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*John J. Kirby, Jr Profile at Latham & Watkins home page
Body positivity

ban in San Francisco, in 2012]]
**Body positivity** is a social movement that believes that people should have a positive body image. The movement says that people should accept their body, no matter what it looks like. Society has always had certain expectations, what a body is supposed to look like. Fashion designers in particular have expectations of what a human body is supposed to look like. Most people look different, and according to body positivity they should not feel bad because they do.

File:Bronskvinnorna, Marianne Lindberg De Geer.jpg|The sculpture *The women of bronze* outside of the art museum, Växjö. The sculpture is a work by Marianne Lindberg De Geer. It shows two women, one anorexic, and the other obese. Since it was placed there in 2006, the sculpture has been controversial. Both statues have been vandalized and repaired during 2006. They are starting to become a tourist attraction, in part due to the conflict.
File:Fernando Botero - Naked lady.JPG|Fernando Botero, Naked Lady. Botero is known for his statues showing full-bodied women.
File:Chanel Haute Couture Fall-Winter 2011.jpg|Fashion show, Karl Lagerfeld did for Chanel, in 2011. Most people do not look like these models.
John Buchanan

**John MacLennan Buchanan**,  (April 22, 1931 – October 3, 2019) was a Canadian lawyer and former politician. He was the 20th Premier of Nova Scotia from 1978 to 1990 and as a member of the Senate of Canada from 1990 to 2006. Buchanan was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia.

Buchanan died on October 3, 2019 at the age of 88.

## References
Alberto Testa (dancer)

**Alberto Testa** (23 December 1922 – 4 October 2019) was an Italian dancer, choreographer, dance critic and teacher. He was born in Turin.  He choreographed many ballets of operatic music, and worked on movies mainly with Franco Zeffirelli and Luchino Visconti.

Testa died in Turin on October 4, 2019 of pneumonia at the age of 96.

## References
Ignacio Noguer Carmona

**Ignacio Noguer Carmona** (13 January 1931 – 3 October 2019) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1956. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Guadix, Spain from 1976 to 1990. He then was coadjutor bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Huelva, Spain from 1990 to 1993 and was bishop of the Huelva Diocese from 1993 to 2006.

Noguer Carmona was born in Seville, Spain. He died on 3 October 2019 in Huelva, Spain at the age of 88.

## References
Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (1874-1878)

**Marie of Hesse and by Rhine** was the youngest child of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse. 

In 1878, diphtheria swept through Hesse. Marie, together with her brother Ernst, and her sisters Victoria, Irene and Alix, fell ill. She died of diphtheria at the age of four and was buried with her mother, who died a few weeks later of the same disease.

## References
*Mager, Hugo (1998). *Elizabeth: Grand Duchess of Russia*. Carroll and Graf Publishers, Inc. 
**Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse*, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1885.
Varsity Blues

***Varsity Blues*** is a 1999 American comedy and drama sports movie. It is about a small town high school football team and their coach.

## Plot
Jonathan "Mox" Moxon is an intelligent and academically talented quarterback on the West Canaan High School football team. But although he is popular at school, has a smart girlfriend and has easy friendships with other players, he isn't satisfied with his life. He wants to attend Brown University in Rhode Island. He is constantly disagreeing with his football-obsessed father Sam.

The verbally abusive Bud Kilmer cares just for winning, and at all costs. Kilmer has won two state titles and 22 district championships. His philosophy, though, begins taking a toll on the team's all state starting quarterback, Lance Harbor. Harbor is Jules's brother.

## Cast
* James Van Der Beek as Jonathon "Mox" Moxon, an academically successful, rebellious backup quarterback
* Jon Voight as Bud Kilmer, the Coyotes' 30-year head coach
* Paul Walker as Lance Harbor, the original captain and starting quarterback of the Coyotes, and Jules's older brother
* Amy Smart as Jules Harbor, Mox's girlfriend and Lance's younger sister
* Ron Lester as Billy Bob, an overweight, powerful offensive guard
* Scott Caan as Charlie Tweeder, a wild, hard partying wide receiver for the Coyotes
* Eliel Swinton as Wendell Brown, the running back and one of three African American players on the team
* Ali Larter as Darcy Sears, Lance's girlfriend and the head cheerleader
* Richard Lineback as Joe Harbor, Lance's and Jules's father
* Thomas F. Duffy as Sam Moxon, Mox's football-obsessed father
* Joe Pichler as Kyle Moxon, Mox's younger brother who is into religion rather than football

## Reception
The movie opened at #1 at the United States' box office. It made $17.5 million in its opening week.

Roger Ebert of the *Chicago Sun-Times* said in his review: "Scenes work, but they don't pile up or build momentum." 

## Awards
; 1999 Teen Choice Awards
* Choice Movie: Breakout Star — James Van Der Beek (won)
* Choice Movie: Drama (nominated)
* Choice Movie: Soundtrack
; 1999 MTV Movie Awards
* Best Breakout Male Performance: James Van Der Beek (won)
* Best Movie Song: Nice Guys Finish Last by Green Day (nominated)
; 2000 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
* Best Male Newcomer: James Van Der Beek (nominated)

## References
Apostasy

**Apostasy** is a term used in a religious context, for leaving one's religion. Usually it means moving to another religion. Someone who does this is called an **apostate**. Apostasy is different from heresy: A heretic only questions one (or more) of the traditions and beliefs of their religion. An apostate questions all of them.  

The word was first used in Christianity: In the Roman Catholic Church the punishment for apostasy is excommunication. Today, the word is used mostly in the context of apostasy in Islam. 

Sometimes the term is used as a metaphor to refer to changing a non-religious belief or cause, such as a political party or a sports team.

**Apostasy in Islam**;

A person who rejects, underestimates, mocks or disrespects religious orders defined as fard or sunnah in fiqh or speaks words called "alfaz-i kufr" is called apostate.
José Sócrates

**José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa**, GCIH (born 6 September 1957), commonly known as **José Sócrates** (), is a Portuguese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011. In 2007, he acted as the President-in-Office of the Council of the European Union.

In April 2021, the court ruled José Socrates will be tried for acts of money laundering and falsification of documents but was dismissed for three charges of corruption.

## References
Hu Yamei

**Hu Yamei** (; 27 April 1923 – 3 October 2019) was a Chinese physician and medical researcher. She was President of Beijing Children's Hospital, and co-founded Beijing Hu Yamei Children's Medical Research Institute (BHI). She was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering from 1994 through 2019. She researched  leukemia and she cured more than 700 children.

Hu died of illness in Beijing on 3 October 2019, aged 96.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography of Hu Yamei on Wiley Online Library
Todor Burmov

**Todor Stoyanov Burmov** (; 14 January 1834 – 7 November 1906) was a Bulgarian politician. He was a member of the Conservative Party and the first Prime Minister of Bulgaria when it became independent, in 1879.

## Other websites 
* Ministry of Finance Profile
Yosemite Sam

**Yosemite Sam** is a cartoon character who starred in the *Looney Tunes* and *Merrie Melodies* series of Warner Bros.  He was created by Friz Freleng. He is a small man with an reddish orange mustache.  He is one of Bugs Bunny's enemies.
Herry Monster

**Herry Monster** is a Sesame Street Muppet with light blue fur, long, purple nose, and black bushy eyebrows. Herry appeared on  *Sesame Street* for three decades.
Borex

**Borex** is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Bursinel

**Bursinel** is a municipality in Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites
Iliad Italia

**Iliad Italia S.p.A.** is an Italian telephone company, part of the Iliad SA group.

In December 2022, with 9.56 million active lines, it is the fourth mobile operator in Italy following Wind Tre, TIM and Vodafone Italy.

## History 
Iliad Italia was founded in 2016 as an Italian subsidiary of the French group Iliad SA. In 2017, in view of the launch and in compliance with the provisions of the European Commission, the acquisition of the frequencies ceased by Wind Tre began following the merger of Wind and 3 Italy; as of 31 December 2017, Iliad has acquired almost 300 of the sites abandoned by Wind Tre, while the remaining will be transferred, according to the agreements, by the end of 2019.

The French holding said it would invest more than €1 billion for the launch and development of the new Italian mobile operator (including those to win the new 5G frequencies in Italy) and also expected about a thousand hires.

On 16 January 2018 the name of the Italian administrator of Iliad Italia, Benedetto Levi, was officially announced, together with the presentation of the new logo and the institutional website. As part of the implementation of the infrastructures required to cover the Italian territory with its own network, on 16 February 2018, an agreement was reached with the Spanish group Cellnex, which provides Iliad Italia with over 7700 cellular antennas in Italy. Finally, on 29 May 2018, the official launch of the operator takes place, in conjunction with the presentation of the commercial offer and the start of the sale of SIM cards with new numbers or to carry out the number portability from other phone operators. On 18 July 2018, just under two months after its launch, Iliad Italia officially announced that it had reached one million customers between requests for portability and new subscriptions. On 4 September 2018, the Iliad group releases the results of the first half of 2018, reporting the achievement – by early August – of one and a half million customers in Italy; actually, on 6 September 2018, Iliad Italia issues a press release confirming the achievement of two million customers.

## Simbox distributions 
Iliad introduced the Simboxes in Italy, a new type of sales point, conceived and created by the French group, *Aures* and already in use since 2014 on the French market by Free Mobile; these are SIM card vending machines, which allow customers to register and purchase it independently.

## Network 
Iliad signed an agreement, respectively, with Cellnex (February 2018) and INWIT (February 2019) in order to install its antennas on their towers.

Iliad Italia utilises, inter alia, CommScope telecommunications equipment and collaborates with Cisco Systems (April 2019) and Nokia (September 2019) to implement a state-of-the-art national network (IPv6) in Italy based on segment routing (SRv6) and to achieve its 5G network.

## References
## Other websites
*
Harrisburg, Nebraska

**Harrisburg** is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Banner County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 99 at the 2020 census.

## References
Alma, Illinois

**Alma** is a village in Illinois in the United States. The population was 318 at the 2020 census.

## References
Garden City, Texas

**Garden City** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Glasscock County. The population was 334 at the 2020 census.

## References
Coulterville, Illinois

**Coulterville** is a village in Randolph County, Illinois, United States. The population was 834 at the 2020 census.

## References
Pine marten

The **pine marten** (*Martes martes*)  is an animal native to Northern Europe. Alternative names (less often used) are European pine marten, baum marten, sweet marten. It belongs in the mustelid family, which also includes mink, otter, badger, wolverine, and weasel.

Martens are small predators which also eat berries, birds' eggs, nuts, and honey. They move on the ground and in trees. Their natural habitat is in pine forests. Their main enemies are said to be the gamekeepers on highland estates. In the United Kingdom, pine martens and their dens have protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the Environmental Protection Act 1990.

## References
Calzedonia Ocean Girls

***Calzedonia Ocean Girls*** was an Italian reality television series. The show, presented by Simone Annicchiarico, was broadcast on Sky Uno/Cielo in 2014.

## Contestants
* Rachele Fogar (22 years, Milan)
* Eva Roqueta Vita (30 years, Spagna)

## References 
## Other websites
*
Geometer moth

**Geometer moths** are a large family of  moths in the Lepidoptera. Over 23,000 species have been described. Most of them are nocturnal: only a few are active during the day. 

The imagos (adults) have wingspans between  and . Their caterpillars move in a special way, they seem to "measure the earth". For this reason, the caterpillars are sometimes called **inchworms**. 

A well-known species is the peppered moth (*Biston betularia*).  Many species are classified as pests.

## Adults
Many geometrids have slender abdomens and broad wings which are usually held flat with the hindwings visible. They look a bit like butterflies, but in most respects they are typical moths. Most fly at night. They have a frenulum to link the wings, and the antennae of the males are often feathered. They blend into the background  with camouflage. In some species, females have reduced wings. 

## Sources 
*Scoble M.J. ed. 1999: *Geometrid moths of the world: a catalogue*. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-06304-8

## References
Masum Babul

**Masum Babul** (31 December 1962 - 6 March 2023) was a Bangladeshi movie dance director and choreographer. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Choreography twice for the film *Dola* (1993) and *Ki Jadu Karila* (2008). He also best known for the film Beder Meye Josna (1989), Koti Takar Kabin (2006) and Bikkhov (1994).
Babul died on 6 March 2023, at the age of 60.
## References
Eastern cottontail

The **Eastern cottontail** (*Sylvilagus floridanus*) is a New World cottontail rabbit, a member of the family Leporidae. It is the most common rabbit species in North America.

## Sub-species of the Eastern cottontail
**Sylvilagus floridanus alacer* - found north of Mexico.
**Sylvilagus floridanus ammophilus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus avius*
**Sylvilagus floridanus aztecus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani* - found north of Mexico.
**Sylvilagus floridanus chiapensis*
**Sylvilagus floridanus cognatus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus connectens*
**Sylvilagus floridanus continentis*
**Sylvilagus floridanus costaricensis*
**Sylvilagus floridanus cumanicus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus floridanus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus hesperius*
**Sylvilagus floridanus hitchensi*
**Sylvilagus flordanus holzneri*
**Sylvilagus floridanus hondurensis*
**Sylvilagus floridanus llanensis*
**Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus margaritae*
**Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsi*
**Sylvilagus floridanus nelsoni*
**Sylvilagus floridanus nigronuchalis*
**Sylvilagus floridanus orinoci*
**Sylvilagus floridanus orizabae*
**Sylvilagus floridanus paulsoni*
**Sylvilagus floridanus purgatus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus restrictus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus russatus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus similis*
**Sylvilagus floridanus subcinctus*
**Sylvilagus floridanus superciliaris*
**Sylvilagus floridanus valenciae*
**Sylvilagus floridanus yucatanicus*

## References
Addieville, Illinois

**Addieville** is a village in Washington County, Illinois, in the United States. Its population was 259 in 2020.

## References
Key derivation function

In cryptography, a **key derivation function (KDF)** makes a long secret key (which is called a "hash") from a secret phrase, like a password. The output of a key derivation function will look common to another result made from a random phrase. They are also used to re-use secret keys in a specific format, like using a shared secret key from the Diffie–Hellman key exchange for sending secrets in AES.

== Use). This makes trying to find the original "secret phrase" more difficult. The length of the key makes it more difficult to discover the phrase or the hidden secret by trial and error (i.e. through brute-forcing), by making it difficult for a computer to guess. Sometimes, a small piece of random data (called a "salt") is added to the secret phrase before it is used with a KDF to make it more difficult guess the original "secret phrase" with a list of known "hashes".

It makes checking passwords safer without using the real password. Instead of keeping the real password, a "hash" of the key is kept and when checking the password, the "hash" of the real password is checked with the input. Some software put a limit on the length of a password and is sometimes used to make larger secret phrases smaller. KDFs are also made in a way so that, it takes a computer some effort to make the "hash". This makes making a list of potential combinations difficult.

## Commonly used KDFs 
* SHA-2
* PBKDF2
* Scrypt
* Bcrypt
* Argon2
* Chacha20

## References
Addison, Illinois

**Addison** is a village in the Chicago metropolitan area, in DuPage County, Illinois in the United States. It had a 2020 population of 35,702.

## References
Paddy

**Paddy** () are Belgian-French animated series from 1989. It has 26 episodes.

The main character is a boy named Paddy, who lives with his sister Melodie on his grandparents' farm. Paddy experiences a variety of weird adventures with the animals around him, such as the talking raven Loewie, who constantly makes funny jokes. He also often has trouble with a neighboring boy, Fred. Only Paddy can evoke a mysterious blue man, Onyx, who has magical abilities and solves problems for Paddy.

## References
Piedmontese language

in Piedmontese language.]]

The **Piedmontese language** is a Gallo-Romance language spoken in Piedmont. The Council of Europe officially recognised it as a minority language in the 1980s. It is classified as an endangered language. In 2019, there were between 700,000 and 2 million speakers.
## History
Piedmontese has been in use since the 12th century. There are poems and literature, starting from the 16th century. In the 15th or 16th century, local authorities switched to the Italian language, which is based on the dialects of Tuscany. When the Italian state was founded in 1861, Italian was chosen as a national language. With urbanization, and mass media, Piedmontese was a loser again, Italian was more popular, and could reach more people.
London Stadium

**London Stadium** is a multi-purpose stadium located at Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, London. It was the main stadium for the London 2012 Olympic Games. It used to be called **Olympic Stadium** and the **Stadium at Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park**.

On 22 March 2013, West Ham United secured a 99-year lease on the Olympic Stadium, with it planned to be used as the football club's home ground from the 2016-17 season. In September 2015, the British Government rejected holding an inquiry into the arrangement that was pressed for by rival clubs who argued West Ham United were being given an unfair advantage.

On 8 May 2018, Major League Baseball announced a two-year deal to host a series of baseball games at the London Stadium in 2019 and 2020. The Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees (a major rivalry in the American League) played a two-game series at the stadium from 29 to 30 June 2019, branded as the 2019 MLB London Series.

The London Stadium has occasionally held concerts since the end of the Olympics in 2012.

## References
Milburn, Oklahoma

**Milburn** is a town in Johnston County in the state of Oklahoma in the United States. It is along the Blue River. There were 252 people living there at the 2020 census.

## References