open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mary-Jane Watson

as Mary Jane.]]
**Mary-Jane Watson** is a fictional character from Marvel Comics. She was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. Mary-Jane Watson is a friend of Peter Parker and later becomes his girlfriend. Peter then decides to stop dating her since he is secretly the superhero Spider-Man and she'll be in danger if she's his girlfriend because of that. She later finds out that he is Spider-Man and they go back to dating. They eventually get married.

## Mary-Jane Watson in Film
Mary-Jane Watson is played by Kirsten Dunst in the 2002 movie *Spider-Man*. She and Peter Parker's best friend Harry Osborn are the only two students at their high school who are nice to Peter Parker. Mary-Jane dates Flash Thompson and doesn't like it when he bullies Peter Parker. When Peter gets bitten by a genetically engineered super-spider and no longer needs his glasses, Mary-Jane compliments him. Flash Thompson then attacks Peter Parker in front of a locker and Peter beats him up. Mary-Jane then breaks up with Flash. She then starts dating Harry Osborn. Harry's father Norman insults her and tells him all she really cares about is his money. Harry defends her. Mary-Jane, who overheard what was said calls Norman Osborne "a creep". Harry defends his father and Mary-Jane breaks up with him. Mary-Jane falls in love with Spider-Man after he rescues her. Harry later sees her talking to Peter and realizes that they are in love.  Harry's father finds out and as the supervillain the Green Goblin kidnaps her to get to Peter who he knows is Spider-Man. Spider-Man rescues her by killing the Green Goblin. Mary-Jane later tells Peter she is in love with him and Peter says he will always be her friend but can never be anything else to her. In the 2004 movie *Spider-Man 2*, she accidentally unmasks Spider-Man after he rescues her from Dr. Octopus. They start dating. In the 2007 movie *Spider-Man 3*, Mary-Jane breaks up with Peter after he starts being bad to people. In the end, Peter goes back to being a good person and he and Mary-Jane get back together. She appeared in deleted scenes of the 2014 movie *The Amazing Spider-Man 2* played by Shailene Woodley.

## Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane 
From 2004 to 2009, Marvel Comics published a Comic book called Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane which retold the story of Spider-Man with Mary Jane as the protagonist.
Édith Scob

**Édith Scob** (21 October 1937 – 26 June 2019) was a French actress. She was born in Paris. Scob was best known for her role as Christiane Génessier, the daughter with a disfigured face, in *Eyes Without a Face* (1960).

Scob died on 26 June 2019 in Paris at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rolf Maurer

**Rolf Maurer** (16 April 1938 – 6 June 2019) was a Swiss road racing cyclist. He was born in Hedingen, Zürich. He started his professional career in 1960. In 1964, he won both the Tour de Suisse and Tour de Romandie. He retired in 1969.

Maurer died on 6 June 2019 in Hedingen, at the age of 81.

## References
## Other websites
*Rolf Maurer  at Cycling Archives
List of rulers of Iceland

]]
This is a **list of rulers of Iceland**, ruling from 1262 to 1944.

## Possession of Norway (1262–1814)
## Possession of Denmark (1814–1918)
## Kingdom of Iceland (1918–1944)
## Republic of Iceland (1944—present)
## References
Hermosa Beach, California

**Hermosa Beach** is a beachfront city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its population was 19,728 at the 2020 U.S. Census.

## References
Sveinn Björnsson

**Sveinn Björnsson** (27 January 1881 -25 January 1952) became a member of Reykjavik town council in 1912 and was its president in 1918-20. Born in Copenhagen, Denmark, he was a member of the Althing in 1914-1916 and 1920, and following Iceland's independence from Denmark in 1918 he acted as minister to Denmark in 1920-1924 and 1926-1940. The German occupation of Denmark in 1940 resulted in Iceland's autonomy (Denmark had been responsible for Iceland's foreign affairs), and Björnsson was elected Regent of Iceland three times in 1941-1943, assuming the prerogatives previously held by the Danish king. When Iceland became a republic in 1944 he was chosen to be the first president of Iceland by the Althing. He served from 1944 to 1952, being re-elected unopposed in 1945 and 1949. He died in Reykjavik more than one year before his second term of office was due to expire.

Presidents of Iceland

Succeeded by:Ásgeir Ásgeirsson
List of presidents of Iraq

This is a list of **presidents of Iraq** since 1958.

## List
## Timeline 

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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period     = from:1958 till:2018
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ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1958

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  id:military  value:rgb(0.76,0.69,0.57)   legend:None_(Military)
  id:socialist  value:rgb(0.94,0,0.11)   legend:Arab_Socialist_Union
  id:baath  value:rgb(1,0.65,0)   legend:Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_(Iraq_Region)
  id:coalition  value:rgb(0.87,0.87,0.87)   legend:None_(Coalition_Provisional_Authority)
  id:none  value:rgb(0.92,0.93,0.94)   legend:None_(Independent)
  id:puk  value:rgb(0,0.65,0.31)   legend:Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan
  
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  text:"Political parties:"

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  bar:MuhammadNajibar-Ruba'i
  bar:AbdulSalamArif
  bar:Abdar-Rahmanal-Bazzaz
  bar:AbdulRahmanArif
  bar:AhmedHassanal-Bakr
  bar:SaddamHussein
  bar:JalalTalabani
  bar:FuadMasum
  bar:BarhamSalih

PlotData=
  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

  bar:MuhammadNajibar-Ruba'i
   from: 14/07/1958 till: 08/02/1963 color:military text:"Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i"
  bar:AbdulSalamArif
   from: 08/02/1963 till: 13/04/1966 color:socialist text:"Abdul Salam Arif"
  bar:Abdar-Rahmanal-Bazzaz
   from: 13/04/1966 till: 16/04/1966 color:socialist text:"Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz"
  bar:AbdulRahmanArif
   from: 16/04/1966 till: 17/07/1968 color:socialist text:"Abdul Rahman Arif"
  bar:AhmedHassanal-Bakr
   from: 17/07/1968 till: 16/07/1979 color:baath text:"Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr"
  bar:SaddamHussein
   from: 16/07/1979 till: 07/04/2005 color:baath text:"Saddam Hussein"
  bar:JalalTalabani
   from: 07/04/2005 till: 24/07/2014 color:puk text:"Jalal Talabani"
  bar:FuadMasum
   from: 24/07/2014 till: 02/10/2018 color:puk text:"Fuad Masum"
  bar:BarhamSalih
   from: 02/10/2018 till: end color:puk text:"Barham Salih"
WNET

**WNET**, channel 13 (branded as "THIRTEEN"), is a non-commercial educational, public television station in  Newark, New Jersey. WNET is owned by WNET.org, which was originally called the Educational Broadcasting Corporation The station also has studios in Manhattan and its transmitter is at One World Trade Center.

## Original productions 
WNET has produced, created, or presented many PBS shows. These are some:
* *Amanpour & Company* (2018–present)
* *American Masters* (1983–present)
* *An American Family* (1973)
* *Australia: Beyond the Fatal Shore* (2000)
* *Bill Moyers Reports: Earth On Edge* (2001)
* *Barney & Friends* (1992–2010) (original series)**
* *Black Journal*
* *Polly Pocket* (2018-present)**
* *Bob the Builder* (2005–2018)**
* *Sabrina: The Animated Series* (2008-present)**
**One Piece* (PBS Kids / 4Kids Dub) (2008-present)**
* *Charlie Rose* (1991–2017)
* *Colonial House* (2004)
* *Cyberchase* (2002–present)
* *Dickens* (2003)
* *DNA* (2003)
* *The Great American Dream Machine* (1971–1972)
* *Great Performances* (1972–present)
* *Live from Lincoln Center* (1976–present)
* *The Mind*
* *Nature* (1982–present)
* *NOW*
* *The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow* (2002)
* *Shining Time Station*
* ''Simon Schama's Power of Art*
* *The Story of English*
* *Tavis Smiley* (2004–2017)
* *Thomas & Friends'' (2004–2017)**

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
* Public Broadcasting Service
* WNET logos and screenshots from the 1950s to the present day
President of Iceland

The **President of Iceland** () is the head of state of Iceland. The incumbent is Halla Tómasdóttir, who became president in 2024.

The president is elected to a four-year term by popular vote, is not term-limited, and has limited powers. The presidential residence is in Bessastaðir in Garðabær, near the capital city Reykjavík.

## List
There have been seven presidents since the creation of the republic.

**Term:** 1 *appointed* · 2 *died in office* · 3 *uncontested*

## References
Saint John's

'''Saint John's** or **St. John's''' may refer to:

## Places
### Canada 
* St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
* St. Johns (provincial electoral district), in North Winnipeg
* St. John's (electoral district), a defunct federal riding in Quebec from 1867 to 1892
* St. Johns, Ontario
* St. Johns, Niagara Regional Municipality, Ontario
* Saint John, New Brunswick
* St. John's Island, British colony from 1763 to 1798 when it was renamed Prince Edward Island
* St. Johns and Fort St-Jean, now called Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

### Czech Republic
* Svatý Jan pod Skalou (Saint John Under the Cliff), a village in central Bohemia
* Svatý Jan nad Malší (Saint John Above Malše), a village in south Bohemia, Czech Republic

### Ireland 
* St. Johns, County Kildare, a civil parish in County Kildare
* St. Johns, County Roscommon, a civil parish in County Roscommon

### New Zealand 
* Saint Johns, New Zealand, a suburb of Auckland
* St John's Bush, New Zealand, a reserve in Auckland

### United Kingdom 
* St John's, Isle of Man
* St Johns, London, England
* St John's, Redhill, Surrey, a hamlet adjoining the town of Redhill
* St. John's, Surrey, England
* St John's, South Yorkshire, England
* St Johns, Worcester, England
* St John's Wood, London, England
* St John's Lane, the home of Bristol City F.C. until 1904
* St John's Rock, a 19th-century name for Dubh Artach, Scotland

### United States 
* St. Johns, Arizona
* St. Johns, Maricopa County, Arizona
* St. John's River (California)
* St. Johns, Florida
* Port St. John, Florida
* St. Johns County, Florida
* St. Johns River, Florida
* St. Johns, Illinois
* Saint Johns, Indiana
* St. Johns, Michigan
* Saint Johns, Ohio
* St. Johns, Portland, Oregon
* Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands

## Elsewhere
* St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda 
* St Johns, South Australia
* St. Johns, Saba, a village on the Caribbean island of Saba, a special municipality of the Netherlands
* Saint John's Island, Singapore

## Education
* Saint John's College (disambiguation)
* Saint John's University (disambiguation)
* St. John's Preparatory School (disambiguation)
* St. John's School (disambiguation)
* St. John's Seminary (disambiguation)

## Other uses
* St. John's Church, Jhelum, Anglican church in Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan
* Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California
* St. John's Mine, a cinnabar mine in Vallejo, California
* St. John's Red Storm, the athletic program of St. John's University in New York City
* St Johns railway station, in the southeast London borough of Lewisham
* Adela Rogers St. Johns (1894–1988), American writer
* HMCS ''St. John's* (FFH 340), a Halifax-class frigate in the Canadian Navy
* *Hypericum perforatum'', St John's wort herb
* Leeds St Johns, a British rugby league football club today known as Leeds Rhinos
* Saint John's Arms, another name for the looped square (⌘)
Salina, Kansas

**Salina**  is a city in Saline County in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is the county seat of Saline County. In 2020, 46,889 people lived there.

Salina is in the Smoky Hills area in the Great Plains. It is close to the Smoky Hills River and the Saline River.

The United States Census Bureau said the city has a total area of .  of that is land and  is water.

### Weather
Salina has a lot of severe thunderstorms, and they can get tornadoes.

## People
### 2020 census
The 2020 census says that there were 46,889 people, 19,295 households, and 11,543 families living in Topeka. Of the households, 61.3% owned their home and 38.7% rented their home.

The median age was 38.7 years. Of the people, 78.1% were White, 3.8% were Black, 2.3% were Asian, 0.7% were Native American, 0.1% were Pacific Islanders, 4.5% were from some other race, and 10.4% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.4% of the people.

## Economy
Salina was the first place for Lee Jeans. They opened in 1889.

The biggest employers are:

## Media
*The Salina Journal* is the local newspaper. They publish every day.

## References
## Other websites
### City
* City of Salina 
* Salina - Directory of Public Officials
* Salina - Chamber of Commerce

### Schools
* USD 305, Salina Public Schools
* Sacred Heart Junior/Senior High School

### Historical
* Smoky Hill Museum
* Salina Arts & Humanities Commission
* Special Collections:  A gift of William A. Phillips, the founder of Salina
* , from ''Hatteberg's People'' on KAKE TV news

### Maps
* Salina City Map , KDOT
Saline County, Kansas

**Saline County** (standard abbreviation: **SA**) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020 census, 54,303 people lived there. The largest city and county seat is Salina.

## History
### 1800s
In 1860, Saline County was created.

## Education 
### Unified school districts 
* Salina USD 305
* Southeast of Saline USD 306
* Ell-Saline USD 307

;School district office in neighboring county
* Twin Valley USD 240
* Solomon USD 393
* Smoky Valley USD 400

## References
## Other websites
;County
* 
* Saline County - Directory of Public Officials
;Maps
* Saline County Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: Current , 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
O2

**O2**, **O-2**, **o2**, **O2**, or **O2** may refer to:

## Science and technology 
* O2, the common allotrope of the chemical element oxygen
* O2, an EEG electrode site according to the 10–20 system
* SGI O2, a Unix workstation computer
* UOC O2, institutional repository of the Open University of Catalonia

## Places 
* The O2, an entertainment district in London, England
** The O2 Arena, the arena within The O2
* O2 Arena (Prague) or Sazka Arena, an arena in Prague, Czech Republic
* O2 Centre, an indoor shopping and entertainment centre on Finchley Road, London, England
* O2 Residence, a part of the Jumeirah Lake Towers in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
* O2 World (Berlin), an indoor arena in Berlin, Germany
* O2 World (Hamburg), an indoor arena in Hamburg, Germany
* Otoyol 2, a motorway in Turkey called "O2"
* The O2 (Dublin), the former name of 3Arena

## Arts, entertainment, and media 
### Music 
#### Albums
* *O2* (FireHouse album) (2000) album of the rock band FireHouse
* *O2* (O-Town album) (2002) album by American boy band O-Town
* O2 (Tonéx album) (2002) album by Gospel singer Tonéx
* *O2: Avalon Remixed*, a 2002 album by Avalon
* *O2* (Son of Dave album), 2006 album by Son of Dave

#### Songs
* "O2", a song by Orange Range from *Panic Fancy*
* "O2", a 2002 song by Sleater-Kinney from *One Beat*

### Other arts, entertainment, and media 
* Ö2, a radio service for Austria and South Tyrol
* O2, a character in *Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards*

## Businesses and organisations 
* O2, trading name for Telefónica Europe, a European telecommunications provider
** O2 Store, a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Telefónica Europe, with regional subsidiaries:
** O2 (Ireland), merged into Three Ireland
** O2 (UK)
** O2 Czech Republic
** Telefónica Germany
** Telefónica Slovakia
* O2 Academy, a chain of music venues
* O2 Global Network, an international network for sustainable design
* O2 Wireless USA or H2O Wireless, a prepaid wireless service by Locus Telecommunications
* O2TV, a Russian independent socially political TV channel

## Vehicles 
* Cessna O-2 Skymaster, a military twin-engine light aircraft
* Douglas O-2, a military single-engine observation biplane
* *O 2*-class submarine, a class of submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy
* Oldershaw O-2, a glider
* SP&S Class O-2, a 1910 steam locomotives class
* USS *O-2* (SS-63), a 1918 United States O class submarine

## Other uses 
* O-2, a pay grade in the US uniformed services
** First Lieutenant in the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps
** Lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps
Republican River

The **Republican River** is a river in the central Great Plains area of North America. It starts in the High Plains of eastern Colorado, and it goes east  through the U.S. states of Nebraska and Kansas.

## References
## Other websites
* Republican River Compact Compliance , State of Colorado
* The Republican River, A 2018 survey of the political and social ecology of the Republican River by Denis Boyles
Smoky Hills

The **Smoky Hills** are an upland area of hills in the Great Plains are of North America. They are in the Midwestern United States, mostly in north-central Kansas and a small part of south-central Nebraska.

## Geography
The Republican River, Saline River, Solomon River, and Smoky Hill River all go east through the Smoky Hills. This is because they start in the High Plains. Starting in the 1940s, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation dammed these rivers at points in the Smoky Hills for flood control and irrigation reasons. This created many reservoirs. These include Cedar Bluff Reservoir, Kanopolis Lake, Kirwin Reservoir, Waconda Lake, Webster Reservoir, and Wilson Lake.

Land in the Smoky Hills is mostly used for farming. The region doesn't have very many people. There are cities that are small, but there are no big cities. The two biggest cities in the Smoky Hills region are Salina, Kansas and Hays, Kansas.

## References
## Other websites
Smoky Hill River

The **Smoky Hill River** is a  river in the central Great Plains of North America. It goes through the U.S. states of Colorado and Kansas.

## Name
The river gets its name from the Smoky Hills area in the Great Plains.

## References
Matt Stairs

**Matthew Wade Stairs** (born February 27, 1968) is a Canadian former professional baseball outfielder, first baseman, and designated hitter, who holds the record for most pinch-hit home runs in Major League Baseball (MLB) history  with 23. His pinch-hit home run in the eighth inning of Game 4 in the 2008 National League Championship Series off the Los Angeles Dodgers reliever Jonathan Broxton was called one of the most memorable home runs in Phillies history.

In his career, Stairs played for more teams than any position player in MLB history (12 — technically 13 teams, but 12 franchises, as he played for the Montreal Expos and Washington Nationals); Edwin Jackson holds the record for pitchers and all players at 14.

He was the second Canadian-born player ever to hit more than thirty-five home runs in a season, and only the second to hit more than 25 home runs and drive in more than 100 runs in back-to-back seasons. He ranks either first or second in power hitting categories for Canadian major leaguers. Stairs also holds the all-time MLB record of home runs hit as a pinch-hitter with 23. His ability to pinch hit made him a valuable asset to several teams and earned him the nickname "Matt Stairs – Professional Hitter". Stairs, Larry Walker, Justin Morneau, Jason Bay, and Joey Votto are the only Canadian MLB players to hit at least 200 career home runs. On February 4, 2015, Stairs was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.

## References
Aaron Rowand

**Aaron Ryan Rowand** (born August 29, 1977) is an American former professional baseball center fielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Phillies and the San Francisco Giants.

## Philadelphia Phillies (2006–2007)
On November 23, 2005, Rowand was traded by the White Sox along with minor league pitchers Gio González and Daniel Haigwood to the Philadelphia Phillies for first baseman Jim Thome.

On May 11, 2006, in the first inning of a game versus the New York Mets, Rowand made a spectacular play by smashing into the center field fence of Citizens Bank Park face first at full speed in order to run down a deep fly ball off the bat of Xavier Nady with the bases loaded, that would otherwise have scored three runs. Rowand suffered a broken nose and severe lacerations to his face. The Phillies won the game, 2-0, in a rain-shortened 5-inning game. He underwent seven hours of surgery to repair the nose, and was placed on the 15-day disabled list. He returned to the starting lineup on May 27, 2006.

On August 21, 2006, in a game against the Chicago Cubs, Rowand collided with second baseman Chase Utley and broke his ankle. He was on the disabled list for the remainder of the regular season.

In 2007, a contract year, proved to be Rowand's breakthrough, both statistically and in recognition around baseball. He finished with a batting average of .309, 27 home runs, 89 runs batted in, and 6 stolen bases. He earned his first Gold Glove Award for his outfield play that year, including 11 outfield assists and only 2 errors all season.

## References
Cole Hamels

**Colbert Michael Hamels** (born December 27, 1983) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Philadelphia Phillies from 2006 to 2015, and the Texas Rangers from 2015 to 2018.

The Phillies drafted him out of high school in the first round of the 2002 MLB Draft (17th), and he began his career in the Phillies minor league system.. He was the top pitcher in the Phillies' minor league system in 2006.

In May 2006, Hamels made his major league debut for the Phillies. After securing a long-term spot as a member of the Phillies starting rotation in his rookie season, he made large strides in the 2007 Major League Baseball season and won the Phillies' top major league pitcher award. He was the top pitcher on the team entering the 2008 season, and during the Phillies' postseason run, during which they ultimately won the 2008 World Series over the Tampa Bay Rays, he won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award. After the 2008 season, Hamels signed a three-year contract with the Phillies. His statistics declined over the next two seasons, struggling through a tumultuous 2009 campaign and somewhat bouncing back in 2010, however still not approaching his 2008 numbers. Over the next few seasons, Hamels was joined by fellow All-Star pitchers including Roy Halladay, Cliff Lee, and Roy Oswalt and flourished with them, putting up some of his top career seasons before suffering from poor run support in 2013. With the decline of his aging teammates, the team missed the postseason for the next few years, but Hamels remained one of the Phillies' consistent stars. Hamels was traded to the Texas Rangers in 2015, and he subsequently sparked their run to the AL West title that season.  He spent parts of four seasons with the Rangers, including an All-Star season in 2016, before being traded to the Cubs in 2018.
Ugyen Wangchuck

**Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck**(, Wylie: *o rgyan dbang phyug*; 1862-1926) was the first King of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926. He was born in 1862 to Jigme Namgyal, Penlop (governor) of Trongsa and Ashi Pema Choki. He succeeded his father as Penlop of Trongsa. From his power base in central Bhutan, Ugyen Wangchuck defeated his political enemies and united the country following several civil wars and rebellions in 1882&ndash;1885.

In what was an epochal year for the country, in 1907 Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary monarch of the country by the people at Punakha, the old Capital of Bhutan.

For his services in mediating between the British and Tibetans during the Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa, Tibet, he was knighted by the British in 1904. He was appointed Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in the 1921 New Year Honours, having already been appointed Knight Commander (KCIE) in 1904.

## Honours
*  Delhi Durbar Gold Medal - 1911
*  Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) - 1911
*  Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) - 1921  (KCIE - 1904)

## Footnotes
## Other websites
* http://www.longitudebooks.com/find/p/1757/mcms.html
Kevin McKenna (Irish republican)

**Kevin McKenna** (; 25 June 1945 – 25 June 2019) was an Irish republican and volunteer in the Tyrone Brigade. He was the Chief of Staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). McKenna was the longest-serving chief of staff of the IRA, serving from 1983 to 1997.

## References
Jeff Austin

**Jeff Austin** (April 25, 1974 – June 24, 2019) was an American mandolinist and singer. He is best known for being a founding member of the progressive bluegrass group Yonder Mountain String Band. The band formed in 1998, and by 2014, Austin had left the group. He released his first solo album, titled *The Simple Truth*, on February 10, 2015.

Austin was born in Arlington Heights, Illinois and grew up in Elk Grove. He died on June 24, 2019 in Seattle, Washington, at the age of 45.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jonás Gómez Gallo

**Jonás Gómez Gallo** (12 July 1923 – 24 June 2019) was a Chilean businessman and politician. He was a member of the Radical Party (1948–1971) and the Radical Left Party (1971–1973). He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1957 to 1961, and as a Senator from 1961 to 1969.

Gómez Gallo was born in Antofagasta. He died on 24 June 2019 in Santiago, Chile, at the age of 95.

## References
Ryan Howard

**Ryan James Howard** (born November 19, 1979), nicknamed "**The Big Piece**", is an American former professional baseball first baseman. Howard spent his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the Philadelphia Phillies, from 2004 to 2016. He is known for being the fastest player in baseball history to reach 1,000 RBIs, 100 home runs, and 200 home runs.  Howard also holds numerous Phillies franchise records.

Howard made his MLB debut in 2004. He won the National League (NL) Rookie of the Year Award in 2005 and the NL Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in 2006. Howard was a three-time NL All-Star (2006, 2009, 2010), and won the Silver Slugger Award, Hank Aaron Award, and the NL Championship Series MVP Award in 2009. Known for his power, Howard is a member of the 50 home run club. He was a two-time NL home run champion (2006, 2008), and became the fastest player to reach both the 100 and 200 home run milestones in MLB history, passing the marks in 2007 and 2009, respectively. He is also tied with Sammy Sosa for the most National League 140 RBI seasons at 3 and the most National League 130 RBI seasons at 4.
Georges Brossard

**Georges Brossard**  (February 11, 1940 – June 26, 2019) was a Canadian entomologist. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. He founded the Montreal Insectarium, a natural history museum featuring insects that first opened on February 7, 1990. He also hosted the Discovery Channel documentary program *Insectia*. He became a Member of the Order of Canada in 1999, and a Knight of the National Order of Quebec in 2006.

Brossard died of lung cancer on June 26, 2019 in Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Quebec. He was 79.

## References
## Other websites
*Montreal Insectarium
Yekaterina Mikhailova-Demina

**Yekaterina Illarionovna Mikhailova-Demina** (; 22 December 1925 – 24 June 2019) was a Russian military doctor. She was the only woman to have served in front-line reconnaissance in the Soviet marines during World War II. She reportedly carried hundreds of men off the battlefield and was seriously wounded three times during her career as a medic with the marines. For many years, Mikhailova-Demina was not awarded for her efforts during the war. In 1990, she was honoured by President Mikhail Gorbachev with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Mikhailova-Demina was born in Leningrad. She died on 24 June 2019 in Moscow, at the age of 93.

## References
Nature Ganganbaigal

**Nature Ganganbaigal** (1990 – June 2019) was a Chinese musician, singer, songwriter and movie music composer. He was based in New York City. He was from Beijing and was of mixed Han Chinese and Mongol ancestry. He founded the Mongolian folk rock/metal band Tengger Cavalry in 2010. The group has been featured on *Billboard*, CNN, *Vice*, MTV and *Chicago Reader*. He performed the Mongolian morin khuur and throat singing. He was a graduate of New York University.

Ganganbaigal died in June 2019, at the age of 29.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gualberto Castro

**Gualberto Antonio Castro Levario** (12 July 1934 – 27 June 2019) was a Mexican singer, actor and television personality. He was best known for singing with Los Hermanos Castro (aka "The Brothers Castro") and for hosting the television program *La Carabina de Ambrosio*. He played the part of Tony in the Mexican production of *West Side Story* in 1977. Castro was born in Mexico City.

Castro died of a lung infection caused by bladder cancer on 27 June 2019 in Mexico City at the age of 84.

## References
## Other websites
*
2020 OFC Nations Cup

The **2020 OFC Nations Cup** will be the 11th edition of the OFC Nations Cup, the international men's football championship of Oceania organised by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) that happens once every four years. Season has been cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania

New Zealand are the defending champions.

## Qualification 
All 11 FIFA-affiliated national teams from OFC can enter. A qualification round may be held for the lowest-ranked teams before the final tournament.
Curtis Armstrong

**Curtis Armstrong** (born November 27, 1953) is an American actor best known for playing the roles of Booger in the *Revenge of the Nerds* movies, Herbert Viola on the TV series *Moonlighting*, Miles Dalby in the film *Risky Business*, famed record producer Ahmet Ertegün in the film *Ray* as well as for playing the role of Metatron on the TV series *Supernatural.*

He is also known for providing his voice for such characters as Schmuley "Snot" Lonstein on the animated TV series *American Dad!* and Maru in the animated film *Planes: Fire & Rescue* in addition to portraying the title character on the animated TV series  *Dan Vs.*

From 2013 to 2015, he served as the co-host of the TBS reality television competition series *King of the Nerds* and the bank manager in neo-western crime film *Hell or High Water*.

## References
## Other website
*
Dumitru Focșeneanu

**Dumitru Focşneanu** (8 November 1935 – 20 June 2019) was a Romanian bobsledder. He was born in Breaza. He had his best results as a brakeman with Ion Panțuru. Focșeneanu and Panțuru won two medals in the two-man event at the FIBT World Championships with a silver in 1969 and a bronze in 1973. He also competed in the two-man (placing 12th) and four-man (placing 10th) events at the 1972 Winter Olympics.

Focșeneanu died of a stroke on 20 June 2019, at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*Dumitru Focșeneanu at the International Olympic Committee
Nebulizer

A nebulizer is a small machine that creates a mist out of liquid medication, allowing for quicker and easier absorption of medication into the lungs.  Typically, nebulizers come in both electric or battery-run versions, and are either portable or meant to sit on a table and plug into a wall.

It is also used for the patients with runny nose or nasal stroke. A nebulizer delivers liquid medication via pressurized air. While individuals with asthma typically use both nebulizers and inhalers, occasionally, a nebulizer may be easier to use — especially when it comes to young children who may not have the proper technique for an inhaler.

A nebulizer is helpful for a variety of conditions, including:

* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
* Asthma
* Bronchiectasis
* Cystic fibrosis
* Pulmonary fibrosis

## Types of nebulizers 
There are three main types of nebulizers:

* **Jet nebulizers** make an aerosol out of medications using a compressed gas (like air). These are the most common type of nebulizers.
* **Ultrasonic nebulizers** make an aerosol via high-frequency vibrations causing ultrasonic atomization of the liquid. These are more commonly used in hospitals and typically are not for personal use.
* **Mesh nebulizers** use a mesh cap with tiny holes that help dispense medication in a very efficient way. These nebulizers are newer and often more effective than jet nebulizers.

## References
Randy Romero

**Randy Paul Romero**  (December 22, 1957 &ndash; August 28, 2019) was an American Hall of Fame jockey. He was born in Erath, Louisiana. He was elected into the Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame May 27, 2010. In 1975, he began his riding career at Evangeline Downs in Lafayette, Louisiana. He was nicknamed the "Ragin' Cajun". 

Romero rode the future Hall of Fame filly to an undefeated career, capped off with a victory in the 1988 Breeders' Cup Distaff. The following year he won his third straight Breeders' Cup race, taking the Juvenile Fillies event with Go for Wand.

Romero had kidney disease and hepatitis C caused by a tainted blood transfusion. In 2015, he was diagnosed with stomach cancer and needed daily dialysis. On June 19, 2019, Romero entered in hospice care in Lafayette, Louisiana due to his cancer. He died two months later on August 28 under hospice care from the disease, aged 61.

## References
## Other websites
* Cincinnati Enquirer, "Horse racing's dirty little secret"
* Boston University, WBUR Public Radio story on Randy Romero 
* NTRA Bio Randy Romero
Erath, Louisiana

**Erath** is a town in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,028 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Abbeville Micropolitan Statistical Area and home of The Acadian Museum.

## References
## Other websites
*
President of Tunisia

The **President of Tunisia**, formally known as the **President of the Republic of Tunisia** (, ) is the head of state of Tunisia.The position was created in 1957 when Habib Bourguiba,who had been prime minister,overthrew the King.Thirty years later Bourguiba was overthrown by his own prime minister.Today the president is freely elected.

Tunisia is a semi-presidential republic, whereby the president is the head of state and the prime minister (named Head of Government of Tunisia) is head of government.

Under Article 77 of the Constitution of Tunisia, the president is also the commander-in-chief of the Tunisian Armed Forces.

In July 2022, in a referendum, voters approved a new constitution which would expand the powers given to the president, changing the republic from a semi-presidential system to a presidential system.

## List 
## References
Lawrence Public Library

The **Lawrence Public Library** is a public library in Lawrence, Kansas.

## History
### 1800s
The first library in Lawrence was built in October 1854. It cost $1 per year to be a member. People could pay $25 to be a member for their life. Amos A. Lawrence brought many books to Lawrence in 1855.

In 1863, the library burned in Quantrill's Raid. A new library was built in 1866.

### 1900s
#### Carnegie Library
The old library was getting too many books, so they needed to build a bigger library. They had 6,000 volumes. $1 per year was not enough money to build a new library.

#### Growing
After the Carnegie library opened, the Lawrence Public Library grew a lot. By 1922 children liked the library so much that a new room was added to for the children to use. By 1936, 40% of all people in Lawrence had a library card. In 1937, they had to make their storage bigger. They made the library better in 1957. They wanted to make it more modern. This building opened in August 1972. The Carnegie building became the location for the Friends of the Library association.

### 2000s
On November 10, 2010 an $18 million budget was proposed by the Library Board of Trustees. They said that since 1972, the number of people who used the library more than doubled. This proposal was accepted by voters in 2010. Construction finished in July 2014.

After the new building opened, the Lawrence Public Library won the AIA/ALA Library Building Award in 2016. Elle Decor said the library was 16th in the top "50 Best Libraries in America".
## References
## Other websites
Rachid Sfar

**Rachid Sfar** (11 September 1933 &ndash; 20 July 2023) was a Tunisian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tunisia from July 1986 to October 1987 working for  President Habib Bourguiba. He was born in Mahdia, Tunisia.

Sfar died on 20 July 2023 at the age of 89.

## References
Civil Works Administration

(1934)]]
The **Civil Works Administration** (CWA) was a program that created jobs. It did not last long. It was created by the New Deal during the Great Depression. The jobs were manual-labor jobs for millions of unemployed workers. The jobs were temporary, meaning the workers didn't work for a very long time. This lasted during winter of 1933–34. President Franklin D. Roosevelt told everyone about the CWA on November 8, 1933, and put Harry L. Hopkins in charge of it.

The CWA was a project created from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). The CWA created construction jobs, mainly making new buildings and bridges (or making them better). It ended on March 31, 1934. $200 million per month was spent. It gave jobs to four million people.
Balanced budget

A **balanced budget** is a budget in which the amount of money spent is the same as the amount of money received. In general, it's a budget that has no budget deficit (spending more money than one has), but it could have a budget surplus (spending less money than one has).

Balanced budgets and budget deficits are a controversial issue among economists and politicians. Some economists think that a balanced budget can lower interest rates, increase investment, Many economists who think this are supporters of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT).

## References
Solomon River

The **Solomon River** is a  river in the central Great Plains of North America. The entire river in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is a tributary of the Smoky Hill River.

## Names
The Native name for the river was **Nepaholla**. It meant "Water on the Hill". This is a reference to Waconda Spring, which was in the river valley.

## References
Persicaria

***Persicaria*** is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. Plants of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds. or **smartweeds**. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide.

## References
## Further reading
*Kong M.-J & S.-P Hong 2018. Comparative achene morpohology of Persicaria sect Cephalophilon and related taxa (Polygonaceae). Korean J Pl Taxon 48(2):134-142

## Other websites
*Kim S and MJ Donogue 2008 Molecular phylogeny of Persicaria (Persicarieae) Polygonaceae Syst Bot. 33:77-86
Ásgeir Ásgeirsson

**Ásgeir Ásgeirsson** (; 13 May 1894 – 15 September 1972) was the second President of Iceland. He was president from 1952 to 1968. He was the 6th Prime Minister of Iceland from 1932 to 1934.
Jeon Mi-seon

**Jeon Mi-seon** (; 7 December 1970 – 29 June 2019) was a South Korean actress. Her best known credits include movies and television series such as *Memories of Murder* (2003), *Love Is a Crazy Thing* (2005), *Moon Embracing the Sun* (2012) and *Hide and Seek* (2013). Jeon was born in Seoul.

Jeon was found dead on 29 June 2019 in Jeonju, at the age of 48. Her death is likely to have been a suicide by hanging, according to investigators.

## References
## Other websites
*
David Golomb

**David Golomb** (&lrm;; 4 February 1933 – 27 June 2019) was an Israeli politician. He served two terms as a member of the Knesset from 1968 to 1969, and again from 1977 to 1981. He was a member of four parties (Alignment, Labor Party, Democratic Movement for Change and Shinui) during his time in the Knesset.

Golomb was born in Tel Aviv. He was married to Miriam (who died in 2002), and had three children. He died on 27 June 2019, at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* David Golomb on the Knesset website
The University Daily Kansan

The ***University Daily Kansan*** is a student newspaper for the University of Kansas. It started in 1904.

The paper is distributed on campus and student apartments. They publish it every week. There are about 12,000 papers created.

## References
Kyburg

**Kyburg** may refer to:
*Kyburg, Zurich, a former municipality in the part of the municipality of Illnau-Effretikon in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland
*Kyburg Castle, a castle in the municipality Kyburg, Switzerland
*The House of Kyburg that took their name from the castle
*Kyburg County, a former administrative unit in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland
*Kyburg-Buchegg, a former municipality in the part of the municipality of Buchegg in the Canton of Solothurn, Switzerland
48 Hrs.

***48 Hrs.*** is a 1982 American buddy cop action comedy movie directed by Walter Hill. It is Joel Silver's first movie as a movie producer. The screenplay was written by Hill, Roger Spottiswoode, Larry Gross, Steven E. de Souza, and Jeb Stuart. The movie stars Nick Nolte and Eddie Murphy (in his movie debut and Golden Globe Award-nominated role) as a cop and convict, respectively, who team up to catch two cop-killers, Albert Ganz and Billy Bear, played respectively by James Remar and Sonny Landham. The title refers to the amount of time they have to solve the crime.

It is often credited as being the first movie in the "buddy cop" genre, which included the subsequent films *Beverly Hills Cop* (also starring Murphy), *Lethal Weapon*, *Bad Boys* and *Rush Hour*.

A sequel, *Another 48 Hrs.*, was released on June 8, 1990.

## Cast 
* Nick Nolte as Jack Cates
* Eddie Murphy as Reggie Hammond
* Annette O'Toole as Elaine Marshall
* Frank McRae as Captain Haden
* James Remar as Albert Ganz
* David Patrick Kelly as Luther
* Sonny Landham as Billy Bear
* Brion James as Ben Kehoe
Beverly Hills Cop

***Beverly Hills Cop*** is a 1984 American action comedy movie directed by Martin Brest, written by Daniel Petrie Jr. and starring Eddie Murphy as Axel Foley, a street-smart Detroit cop who visits Beverly Hills, California to solve the murder of his best friend. Judge Reinhold, John Ashton, Ronny Cox, Lisa Eilbacher, Steven Berkoff and Jonathan Banks appear in supporting roles. This first movie in the Beverly Hills Cop series shot Murphy to international stardom, won the People's Choice Award for "Favorite Motion Picture" and was nominated for both the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1985. It earned $234 million at the North American domestic box office, making it the highest-grossing film released in 1984 in the U.S.

## Cast 
* Eddie Murphy as Axel Foley
* Lisa Eilbacher as Jenny Summers
* Steven Berkoff as Victor Maitland
* Judge Reinhold as Detective Billy Rosewood
* Ronny Cox as Lieutenant Andrew Bogomil
* John Ashton as Sergeant John Taggart
* James Russo as Mikey Tandino
* Stephen Elliott as Chief Hubbard
* Paul Reiser as Jeffrey

## Other websites 
*
Jamie Moyer

**Jamie Moyer** (born November 18, 1962) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Over his 25-year career in Major League Baseball (MLB), Moyer pitched for the Chicago Cubs, Texas Rangers, St. Louis Cardinals, Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, Seattle Mariners, Philadelphia Phillies, and Colorado Rockies. He was inducted into the Mariners Hall of Fame in 2015.

At the time of his final game, he was the oldest player in the major leagues and had the most wins, losses, and strikeouts of any active MLB pitcher. He was likened to Phil Niekro due to his long career and relatively old age upon retirement. On April 17, 2012, Moyer became the oldest pitcher in MLB history to win a game. On May 16, 2012, he broke his own winning-pitcher record and also set the record for the oldest MLB player to record a run batted in (RBI). Moyer made the All-Star team in 2003, while with the Mariners. Moyer has received numerous awards for philanthropy and community service, including the 2003 Roberto Clemente Award, the 2003 Lou Gehrig Memorial Award, the 2003 Hutch Award, and the 2004 Branch Rickey Award. Moyer is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in MLB games in four decades. At the time of his retirement, Moyer had faced 8.9% of all MLB hitters ever.
Cliff Morrison

**Cliff Morrison** is an activist and a nurse who established the first hospital ward for treating AIDS patients in the United States. Ward 5B was established in San Francisco General Hospital in 1983. When the ward was opened there was little known about this illness, and patients with the disease were regarded as worthy of disgrace and/or disapproval.
## Ward 5B
When Ward 5B was opened AIDS was considered a death sentence. Every single person diagnosed with AIDS died in those days. No one knew  what caused this disease and how it was passed on from person to person. Some of the caregivers refused to treat patients. Patients in hospitals would not be bathed, because nurses did not want to touch them for fear of contracting AIDS themselves.

Ward 5B was the first hospital  ward where the medical team comforted patients by touching them.  Patients were allowed to furnish their rooms and make them like home. They were even allowed to bring  in pets. Families and partners were allowed to visit patients any time.

Ward 5B became a model for many other hospitals in the United States and in other countries.
## Life
Cliff Morrison grew up in Live Oak, Florida. His family was a very poor.  When he was young he worked on his family’s farm. The family had no car, no telephone, no television and no access to healthcare.

At age twelve Morrison got a job at a local hospital mopping floors, taking out trash, and working in the laundry. He worked his way up to orderly. Doctors and nurses at the hospital liked him. They encouraged him to go to college and helped him get a scholarship.

In 1969 Morrison started studying at Florida Community College in Jacksonville when he was 17 years old. He was the youngest student ever in the nursing program. He was also the first person in his family to go to college. 

Morrison admits to being embarrassed studying what  is considered a woman’s profession. However, earning $10,000 as a nurse  would allow him to enter   medical school if he wanted to. Afterwards he moved to Miami to complete his education. 

In 1980, Morrison became a clinical nurse specialist in the Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Services at San Francisco General.

## References
Carolina

**Carolina**  may refer to:

## Geography
* The Carolinas, the U.S. states of North and South Carolina
** North Carolina, a U.S. state
** South Carolina, a U.S. state
* Province of Carolina, a British province until 1712
* Carolina, Alabama, a town in the United States
* Carolina, Puerto Rico, a municipality in the United States

## Sports
* Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League
* Carolina Panthers of the National Football League

## Other uses
* Two American universities and their sports teams known colloquially as *Carolina*:
** University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
*** North Carolina Tar Heels
** University of South Carolina

## Related pages
*
Gopal Swarup Pathak

**Gopal Swarup Pathak** (24 February 1896 – 4 October 1982) was the fourth Vice President of India from August 1969 to August 1974. He was the first Indian Vice President not to succeed to President, which was something all three of his predecessors did.

## Other websites
Krishan Kant

**Krishan Kant** (28 February 1927 – 27 July 2002) was the tenth Vice President of India from 1997 until his death. Previously, he was Governor of Andhra Pradesh from 1990 to 1997.

## References
Muhammad VIII al-Amin

**Muhammad VIII al-Amin**, known as **Lamine Bey** (4 September 1881 – 30 September 1962), was the last Bey of Tunis (15 May 1943 – 20 March 1956), and also the only King of Tunisia (20 March 1956 – 25 July 1957).

## References 
## Books 
*
George E. Felton

**George Eric Felton** (3 February 1921 – 14 June 2019) was a British computer scientist. He is most noted for his work in the field of operating systems and programming software. He was behind the creation of the GEORGE Operating System. He held the world record for the computation of pi.

Felton was born in Paris to British parents. He married Ruth A. R. Holt in 1951, and the couple had four sons. He died in June 2019 at the age of 98.

## References