open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rajendra Prasad

**Rajendra Prasad** was the first President of India. He was the president from 1950 to 1962. He was an Indian political leader and lawyer. Prasad joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian Independence Movement. He became a major leader from Bihar. He is a supporter of Mahatma Gandhi. Prasad was put in jail by Britishers during the Salt Satyagraha of 1931. He was also put in jail during the Quit India movement of 1942.

## First President of India 
Prasad served as Minister of Food and Agriculture in the central government, after the 1946 elections. After independence in 1947, Prasad was elected as President of the Constituent Assembly of India. This assembly prepared the Constitution of India. When India became a Republic in 1950, Prasad was elected as the first President by the Constituent Assembly.In 1957, Prasad was re-elected as the President. By this he became the only president of India to serve two full terms. He died on 28 February 1963.

## References
Iskandar Puteri

**Iskandar Puteri** is a city in Malaysia. It functions as the administrative capital of the state of Johor, Malaysia (Kota Iskandar) and represents the seat of government of the state of Johor (Executive branch & Legislative branch). Situated along the Straits of Johor at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, it is also the southernmost city in Peninsular Malaysia (and thus the southernmost city of continental Eurasia). Together with the adjacent cities of Johor Bahru (the official state capital of Johor) and Pasir Gudang, the three adjoining cities are commonly located within the Johor Bahru District and they anchor Malaysia's third largest urban agglomeration, Iskandar Malaysia, with a population of 2.2 million ().

## History
At first, the city was a town called **Nusajaya**. In January 2016, the town was renamed to **Iskandar Puteri**. In November 2017, the town was upgraded to a city.

## Geography
The city is located at the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia.

## Government
The city is governed by Iskandar Puteri City Council. The city is the center for the state government of Johor, which is located at Kota Iskandar.

## Education
There are several universities and colleges in the city, which are University of Southampton Malaysia Campus, Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, University of Reading, Multimedia University, Raffles University, Netherlands Maritime Institute of Technology, Marlborough College, etc.

## Tourist attractions
There are several tourist attractions in the city, which are Legoland Malaysia Resort, Puteri Harbour, etc.

## Related pages
* Johor Bahru

## References
List of presidents of India

The **President of India** is  the head of state of the Republic of India. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic.

## List
This list is numbered based on presidents elected after winning an Indian presidential election. The terms of V. V. Giri, Mohammad Hidayatullah and B. D. Jatti, who served as acting president are therefore not numbered or counted as actual terms in office. The president of India does not represent any political party.

;Legend

;Key
*  Resigned
*  Died in office

## Timeline
;Timeline

## References
* 
* 

## Other websites
* Official website of the President of India
* Rediff.com – Presidents of India
* The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age 
* Zee News: Former Presidents
* India-Gk: List of President of India
Al-Nusra Front

**al-Nusra Front** or **Jabhat al-Nusra** (), known as **Jabhat Fatah al-Sham** () is one of the organizations fighting in the Syrian Civil War. Since July 2016, it has also been known as  **Jabhat Fateh al-Sham** (, transliteration: *Jabhat Fataḥ al-Šām*). It has also been called **al-Qaeda in Syria** or **al-Qaeda in the Levant**. They are a Salafist organization and want to create an Islamic state in the country.

The group announced its formation on 23 January 2012. The United States designated Jabhat al-Nusra as a foreign terrorist organization, followed by the United Nations Security Council and many other countries. It was the official Syrian branch of al-Qaeda until July 2016, when it became a separate organization. In early 2015, the group became one of the major components of the powerful jihadist joint operations room named the Army of Conquest, which took over large territories in Northwestern Syria. It also operates in neighbouring Lebanon. In November 2012, *The Washington Post* described al-Nusra as the most successful arm of the rebel forces.

In July 2016, al-Nusra formally separated from al-Qaeda and re-branded as Jabhat Fateh al-Sham ("Front for the Conquest of the Levant").

## References
Neyveli

Neyveli is a town in Cuddalore district, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town was developed in 1956 after the establishment (construction) of Neyveli Lignite Corporation.
## History
In 1935, the presence of black particles was discovered. It was found that the particles are Lignite. The Neyveli Lignite Corporation was formed by the Government of India in 1956. The mining of lignite was started in 1962. Later thermal power station was started in 1962 with the co-operation of U.S.S.R.
## Population
As per 2011 census, population of Neyveli is 105,687.The male and female population are 53,442 and 52,245 respectively. Average literacy rate of Neyveli city is 90.98%. The sex ratio is 978 females per 1000 males.
## Reference
South Canara

**South Canara** was a district of the Madras Presidency of British India. 
It covered the areas of the present-day districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi of Karnataka and the Kasaragod District of Kerala. In this district Tulu, Malayalam , Kannada, Konkani and Beary are the main languages spoken. It consists majorly of the Kannada and Telugu language speaking people.
## History
South Kanara was occupied by the British East India Company. This was after the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Mysore War of 1799. South Canara along with North Kanara formed the district of Kanara in the Madras Presidency. 
In 1859, Kanara was split into two districts, North and South. North Kanara was made a part of the Bombay Presidency. South Canara was made a part of Madras. Mangalore was the administrative headquarters of the district. The district covered an area of .
## Population
South Kanara had a total population of 1,134,713 in 1901. In this 81 percent were Hindus, 11 percent were Muslim and 7 percent were Christian. In 1901, South Kanara had a density of .
## References
## Other websites
* South Canara by Vikas Kamat from *Kamat.com*
Andre Wisdom

**Andre Alexander Shaquille Wisdom** (born 9 May 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a right back or centre back for National League club FC Halifax Town.

Wisdom began his career at Bradford City before signing for Liverpool in 2008. He made his senior debut for the club in 2012 before enjoying loan spells with Derby County, West Bromwich Albion, Norwich City and Red Bull Salzburg. Wisdom has also played for and captained the England youth teams at various levels, and was part of the squad which won the UEFA European U-17 Championship in 2010.

He signed for The Shaymen on 20th May 2024 on a 2 year deal returning to professional football.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**Red Bull Salzburg**
*Austrian Football Bundesliga: 2016–17
*Austrian Cup: 2016–17

**England U16**
*Victory Shield: 2008

**England U17**
*UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2010 

## References 
## Other websites 
*Liverpool F.C. profile
*England profile  at The Football Association website
*
Rajapalaiyam

Rajapalaiyam is a town and a special grade municipality. It is in the Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Its main attraction is the Ayyanar Falls. The economy is based on the manufacture of textiles. There are mills for spinning and weaving cotton. This town is also known for the Rajapalayam variety of dogs.
## Population
According to 2011 census, Rajapalayam had a population of 130,442. It has a sex-ratio of 1,014 females for every 1,000 males. This ratio is much above the national average of 929.The average literacy of the city was 77.87%.
## Reference
Beary language

**Beary language** is an Indian language. It is spoken by the Muslim communities of Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts) and some parts of Kerala. Bearys speak a language made of Malayalam idioms (form of expression of a language) with Tulu pronunciation and grammar.

## Notes
## References
*
National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil

The **National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil** is one of the National Film Awards presented every year by the Directorate of Film Festivals. This organisation was set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films. It was awarded along with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). The National Film Awards was established in 1954. These awards are the most important film awards in India. These are awarded for the best films of the Indian cinema.
## Winners 
Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus Award) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India
* National Film Awards Archives
Joo Se-hyuk

**Joo Sae-hyuk** (Korean 주세혁; born 20 January 1980 in Seoul) is a South- Korean table tennis player. He is right-handed player and uses the Shakehand-grip. He stands at Butterfly under contract and plays on the forehand with Tenergy 64, while he uses on the backhand long pips as the Tibhar Grass D.Tecs or TSP Curl P1R on a Butterfly defensive wood.
s: Silver 2003, Quarterfinals 2007, 2009
* World Cup: 3rd place 2011, 4th place 2004
* Pro Tour: Gold Korea Open 2006, Croatia Open 2016, Quarterfinals Grand Finals 2009, 2012

### Team 
* Asian Championships: Bronze 2015
* Asian Games: Silver 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014
* Olympic Games: Silver 2012, 4th place 2016
* World Championships: Silver 2006, 2008, Bronze, 2001, 2004, 2010, 2012, 2016
* World Cup: Silver 2009, 2010, 2011, Bronze 2007

## Personal life 
Since April 2008 Joo is married with Kim Seon-hwa.

## References
Coprolite

A **coprolite** is fossilized faeces. Coprolites are trace fossils, not body fossils. They give evidence of the animal's behaviour (in this case, its diet).

The name is taken from the Greek words κόπρος (*kopros*, meaning "dung") and λίθος (*lithos*, meaning "stone"). They were first described by William Buckland in 1829. 

## References
Hans-Reinhard Koch

**Hans-Reinhard Koch** (27 November 1929 – 25 April 2018) was a German Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Leinefelde-Worbis, Germany.

Koch was ordained to the priesthood in 1955. He served as titular bishop of *Mediana* and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt, Germany, from 1985 to 2004.

Koch died on 25 April 2018 in Erfurt, Germany of complications from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 88.

## References
Piatnitzkysaurus

***Piatnitzkysaurus*** (meaning "Piatnitzky's lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur. It lived about 166 to 164 million years ago in the middle Jurassic Period. Its remains were found in Argentina. The animal was a fairly large, lightly built, bipedal, land-based carnivore. It grew up to  long.

## Classification 
## References
Shuhrat Abbosov

**Shuhrat Abbosov** (sometimes spelled **Shukhrat Abbasov** in English) (; ) (January 16, 1931 – April 25, 2018) was an Uzbek actor, movie director, screenwriter, and movie producer. He was best known for his movie *Mahallada duv-duv gap* (1960) which is considered to be one of the best Uzbek movies of all time. He was also known for writing the screenplay for the highly-popular 1977 adventure movie *Shum bola.*

Abbosov died on April 25, 2018, at the age of 87.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Palaeoscincus

***Palaeoscincus*** (meaning "ancient skink" in Greek) is a genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur based on teeth discovered in Montana. Like several other dinosaur genera named by Joseph Leidy (*Deinodon*, *Thespesius*, and *Trachodon*), it is an historically important genus with a convoluted taxonomy that has been all but abandoned by modern dinosaur paleontologists. Because of its wide use in the early 20th century, *Palaeoscincus* is often shown with the armor of *Edmontonia* and the tail club of an ankylosaurid.

## References
Philibert Randriambololona

**Philibert Randriambololona** (1 May 1927 – 17 April 2018) was a Malagasy Roman Catholic archbishop.

Randriambololona was born in Anjozorobe, Madagascar and was ordained to the priesthood in 1961 for the Society of Jesus. He served as coadjutor bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antsirabé, Madagascar, from 1988 to 1989 and then as bishop of the diocese from 1989 to 1992. He then served as the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fianarantsoa, Madagascar from 1992 to 2002.

Randriambololona died on 17 April 2018 in Antananarivo, Madagascar at the age of 90.

## References
Thespesius

***Thespesius***, or ***Thespecius***, is an extinct hadrosaur described by Joseph Leidy in 1876.

## History of *Thespesius*
*Thespecius* was discovered in Montana in 1855. Known fossils include vertebrae and toe bones (phalanx). 

The name *Thespesius* means wondrous one. Leidy avoided using the suffix "saurus" in the genus name because Vandiveer Hayden had claimed the bones came from a layer from the Miocene so there was a chance that the animal would turn out to be a mammal, though Leidy himself was convinced it was a dinosaurian. *Thespesius* turned out to be a dinosaur. The specific name *occidentalis* means "western" in Latin.
Niederschönenfeld

**Niederschönenfeld** is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Since 2002, the mayor has been Peter Mahl.

## References
Bob Pickens

**Bob Pickens** (February 2, 1943 &ndash; April 12, 2018) was an American Olympic wrestler and professional football player. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He played for the Chicago Bears from 1967 to 1969. Pickens was also an Olympic wrestler, competing in Tokyo, Japan in the heavyweight division at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Pickens died in Atlanta, Georgia on April 12, 2018 at the age of 75.

## References
Joker (2016 movie)

***Joker*** is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language political satire (meaning: mockery, joke) movie. It was written and directed by Raju Murugan (of *Cuckoo film* famous). This was produced by Dream Warrior Pictures.  The film was made with Guru Somasundaram and newcomers Ramya Pandian and Gayathri Krishnaa in leading roles. Bava Chelladurai, Ramasamy and Bala Murugan did the supporting roles. The satellite rights of the film were sold to Jaya TV.

## Characters
*Guru Somasundaram as Mannar Mannan
*Ramya Pandian as Malliga
*Gayathri Krishnaa as Isai
*Mu Ramasamy as Ponnoonjal
*Bava Chelladurai
*P.V.Anandakrishnan as S.P

## Awards 
* Best Film Award at 14th Chennai International Film Festival 2016 
* Best Production Award at Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards 2016
* Best Dialogue Award at Ananda Vikatan Awards 2016
* Best Film Award at Norway Tamil Film Festival 2017
* Best Tamil Film Award at Zee Cine Awards 2017
* Best Feature Film in Tamil at 64th National Film Award
* Best Male Playback Singer at 64th National Film Award 
* Best Actor Male at Behindwoods Gold Medal 2017 
* Best Dialogue Writer at Behindwoods Gold Medal 2017
* Best Playback Singer (Male) Award at 64th Filmfare Awards South

## References
## Other websites
*  (IMDb)
* Joker website 
* Joker Trailer
* Joker in Facebook
Dubreuillosaurus

***Dubreuillosaurus*** is a genus of carnivorous dinosaur from the middle Jurassic Period. It is a megalosaurid theropod closely related to Afrovenator and its fossils were found in France
It looked a lot like *Eustreptospondylus*. The type fossil was an individual that probably measured  long and weighed . 

## References 
## Other websites 
* *Dubreuillosaurus*  in the Dino Directory
Woh Apna Sa (TV series)

**Woh Apna Sa** is an Indian Hindi-Language television soap opera that originally aired on Zee TV from 23 January 2017 to 23 July 2018. The show will be produced by Rashmi Sharma Telefilms Limited. It Stars Disha Panwar,Sudeep Sahir and Manasi Salvi. The show follows the story of Jhanvi and Arjun True Love.Ridhi Dogra who initially played the antagonist role of Nisha quit the show later replaced by Manasi Salvi. It previously aired Mon-Fri 10PM, but now airs Mon-Fri 7PM as Ishq Subhan Allah was given the 10PM timeslot.

## Cast
### Main
* Disha Parmar as Jia Aakash Khanna/Jhanvi Aditya Jindal
* Sudeep Sahir as Arjun Khanna/Aditya Jindal
* Tanya Sharma as Binni Jindal
* Sara Khan as Rano Arjun Khanna
* Manasi Salvi as Nisha Samar Sukhla
*Swasti Katyal as Chinni Aditya Jindal
*Reyhna Malhotra as Tamara
*Ashish Kapoor as Samar Sukhla
* Alka Kausal as Ambika Khanna

### Recurring
*Ushma Rathod as Sharda Darmesh Jindal
* Isha Anand Sharma As Doctor Priya
*Buneet Kapoor as Raj Jindal 
*Amit Behl as Dharmesh Jindal
*Ananya Khare as Sudha
*Sabina Jat as Surbhi Agarwal

## References
Condorraptor

***Condorraptor*** (meaning 'robber from Cerro Condor') is a genus of Megalosaurid theropod dinosaur. From the Middle Jurassic of Argentina, it was one of the earliest large South American theropods. The animal was about 4.5 metres long and it weighed about 200&nbsp;kg. It is very similar to another theropod from the same formation called *Piatnitzkysaurus*.

## References
Leland B. Yeager

**Leland Bennett Yeager** (; November 4, 1924 – April 23, 2018) was an American economist and an expert on monetary policy and international trade. He was a Professor Emeritus at both Auburn University and the University of Virginia.

The month before his death Yeager wrote about the "destructive and ignorant" trade policy of United States President Donald Trump. Yeager died in April 2018 at the age of 93.

## References
Peter Madsen

**Peter Langkjær Madsen** (; born 12 January 1971) is a Danish former entrepreneur and self-taught engineer. He co-founded the non-profit organization Copenhagen Suborbitals and was the founder and CEO of RML Spacelab ApS.

In April 2018, Madsen was convicted of the 2017 murder of Swedish journalist Kim Wall on board his submarine *UC3 Nautilus* and sentenced to life imprisonment.

## References
Marshosaurus

***Marshosaurus*** is a genus of medium to large-sized carnivorous theropod dinosaur. It is from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah and Colorado. This carnivore was once common in the same territory as the larger and more dangerous *Allosaurus*. It was about 4.5 metres long and weighed 200 kg. It most likely preyed on giant sauropod dinosaurs such as *Camarasaurus*, *Apatosaurus*, *Diplodocus*, *Supersaurus*, *Brontosaurus, Seismosaurus, Haplocanthosaurus* and *Brachiosaurus*, as well as stegosaurs such as *Hesperosaurus* and *Stegosaurus*. It also lived at the same time as three other carnivores of the era, including *Ornitholestes, Torvosaurus* and *Ceratosaurus*.

## Prey sources 
Amongst *Marshosaurus*'s main prey sources were *Apatosaurus*, *Supersaurus*, *Hesperosaurus* and *Brontosaurus*. But other than meals, it had a few rivals. Some other carnivores that were its rivals included *Saurophaganax*, *Allosaurus*, *Ceratosaurus*, *Torvosaurus* and *Antrodemus.*

## References
Inuka

**Inuka** (Inuit for "Silent Stalker") (26 December 1990 – 25 April 2018) was a male polar bear and one of the mascots of the Singapore Zoo. He was the first polar bear to be born in the tropics.

In early 2018, it was announced that Inuka's health was failing. After a second examination, Inuka was euthanized at the zoo on 25 April 2018 at the age of 27.

## References
Huguette Tourangeau

**Huguette Tourangeau**  (August 12, 1940 &ndash; April 21, 2018) was a Canadian operatic mezzo-soprano. She was born in Montreal, Quebec. She was made Order of Canada in July 1997. In 1967 and 1968, Tourangeau appeared with the New York City Opera, as Carmen.  She made her formal Metropolitan Opera debut on November 28, 1973, as Nicklausse in *The Tales of Hoffmann*.

Other notable roles included Bertario in *Rodelinda*, at the Holland Festival; in *Semiramide* (as Arsace), *Mignon* (as Mignon), and *Le roi de Lahore* (as Kaled), at the Vancouver Opera; and *La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein*, at the Santa Fe Opera.

Tourangeau died on April 21, 2018 at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
* On Huguette Tourangeau at *The Canadian Encyclopedia*
Abbas (photographer)

**Abbas Attar** (; full name:  *ʿAbbās ʿAṭṭār*) (29 March 1944 – 25 April 2018) was an Iranian photographer. He was known for his photojournalism in Biafra, Vietnam and  South Africa in the 1970s.  He was a member of Sipa from 1971 to 1973, a member of Gamma from 1974 to 1980, and joined Magnum Photos in 1981.

## Books 
* *Iran, la révolution confisquée*, Clétrat, Paris, 1980
* *Retornos a Oapan*, FCE Rio de Luz, Mexico, 1986
* *Return to Mexico*, W. W. Norton, New York, 1992
* *Allah O Akbar, voyages dans l’Islam militant*, Phaidon, London, 1994
* *Allah O Akbar, a journey through militant Islam*, Phaidon, London, 1994
* *Viaggio negli Islam del Mondo*, Contrasto, Roma, 2002
* *Voyage en chrétientés*, La Martiniere, Paris, 2000
* *Faces of Christianity*, A. Abrams, New York, 2000
* *Glaube-liebe-hoffnung*, Knesebeck, Munchen, 2000
* *IranDiary 1971–2002*, Autrement, Paris, 2002
* *IranDiario 1971–2005*, Sagiattore, Milano, 2006
* *Abbas, I Grandi Fotografi di Magnum*, Hachette, Milan, 2005
* *Sur la Route des Esprits*, Delpire, Paris, 2005
* *The children of Abraham*, (exhibition catalogue), Intervalles, Paris, 2006
* *In Whose Name?*, Thames & Hudson, London, 2009
* *Ali, le Combat,* Sonatines, Paris, 2011
* *Les Enfants du lotus, voyage chez les bouddhistes,* De la Martinière, Paris, 2011

## References
Jerry Sandusky

**Gerald Arthur Sandusky** (born January 26, 1944) is an American convicted serial rapist, child molester and retired college football coach. Sandusky served as an assistant coach for his entire career, mostly at Pennsylvania State University under Joe Paterno, from 1969 to 1999. He received "Assistant Coach of the Year" awards in 1986 and 1999. Sandusky wrote several books about to his football coaching experiences. 

In 1977, Sandusky founded The Second Mile, a non-profit charity serving Pennsylvania's underprivileged and at-risk youth.

## Controversies 
In 2011, following a two-year grand jury investigation, Sandusky was arrested and charged with 52 counts of sexual abuse of young boys over a 15-year period from 1994 to 2009. Sandusky was sentenced on October 9, 2012, to 30 to 60 years in prison—at his age, effectively a life sentence. On October 31, 2012, Sandusky was moved to Pennsylvania's SCI Greene "supermax" prison to serve his sentence. 

On January 30, 2013, Pennsylvania Judge John Cleland denied Sandusky's request for a new trial.

## References
## Other websites
* Sandusky, Penn State case timeline
* Grand jury indictment( )
Tarcisio Bertone

**Tarcisio Pietro Evasio Bertone**  (born 2 December 1934) is an Italian prelate and a Vatican diplomat. He was a cardinal of the Catholic Church, he served as Archbishop of Vercelli from 1991 to 1995, as Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, when Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) was Prefect, Archbishop of Genoa from 2002 to 2006, and as Cardinal Secretary of State from 2006 to 2013.

Bertone was elevated to the cardinalate in 2003. On 10 May 2008, he was named Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati. He was thought to be a candidate to replace Benedict XVI.

## References
## Other websites
*
* Biography at catholic-pages.com 
* Tarcisio Bertone, Salesian Cardinal
* 
* Bertone interview 
* Thomas P. Doyle – Letter to Cardinal Bertone
* God's bankers – Economist
* Fall of the Vice-Pope - New York Review of Books
Adebayo Adedeji

**Adebayo Adedeji** (December 21, 1930 in Ijebu-Ode – April 26, 2018 in Lagos) was a Nigerian economist and academic.  He was Executive Secretary to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa from 1975 to 1978, and UN Under-Secretary-General from 1978 until 1991. 

Adedeji was the founding Executive Director of the African Centre for Development and Strategic Studies (ACDESS) in 1991.

## References
## Other websites
*The United Nations Intellectual History Project *(includes biography and link to CV)*
*ACDESS 180803
Harry Kim (politician)

**Harry Kim** (born 1939) is an American politician. He is the Mayor of Hawaii County since December 2016. He served as Mayor from 2000-2008. Prior to his election, he was the county's civil defense director. 

While Kim first ran for mayor as a Republican, he considers himself to be nonpartisan.

## References
## Other websites
* Video interview with Harry Kim
Animal euthanasia

**Animal euthanasia** (euthanasia from ; "good death") is the act of putting an animal to death or allowing it to die by without it facing extreme medical measures. Reasons for euthanasia include incurable (and especially painful) conditions or diseases, lack of resources to continue supporting the animal, or laboratory test procedures. 

Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest control although in some cases the procedure is the same.

In pet animals, this process is commonly referred to by euphemisms such as "put down" or "put to sleep".

## References
Guru Somasundaram

**Guru Somasundaram** is an Indian actor who has appeared in Tamil language films. He made his debut (started his career in cinema) in Thiagarajan Kumararaja's *Aaranya Kaandam* (2011). This film won him much appreciation. Suseenthiran's action film *Pandiya Naadu* (2013), Karthik Subbaraj's gangster (criminal gangs) film *Jigarthanda* (2014) and Raju Murugan's political satire (mockery or joke) film *Joker* (2016) made him popular for his acting. The film Joker got a National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil. He is called Kollywood Heath Ledger. He lives in Tiruvannamalai.

## Films acted
## Web Series
## Awards
* Behindwoods Gold Medal for Best Actor for 2016.
## References
## Other websites
*
Shivakumara Swami

**Sri Sri Sri Shivakumara Swamigalu** (1 April 1907 &ndash; 21 January 2019) better known as **Shivakumara Swami**,  was a Hindu religious figure and humanitarian. He was the head of Sree Siddaganga Matha who provided education to many people. in Tumkur District, Karnataka, South India and founder of the Sri Siddaganga Education Society. 

Shivakumara Swami dedicated his life to serving humanity through the twin pillars of education and food security. Under his leadership, the Matha established numerous educational institutions ranging from primary schools to engineering colleges, providing free education food, and shelter to thousands of underprivileged children, regardless of caste, religion, or background. He was affectionately referred to as the "Walking God" and was widely respected for his discipline, simplicity and lifelong service to society.

In 2015 the Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan. He became a supercentenarian on 1 April 2017. His death was widely mourned across India and the Government of Karnataka declared a three-day state mourning and a public holiday on the day of his funeral.

## References 
## Other websites 
* A true Karma Yogi 
* Spiritual Holy Place - Sree Siddaganga Mutt
Edith Wilmans

**Edith Wilmans** ( December 21, 1882 - March 21, 1966) was a politician. She helped lead in the Democratic party, fighting for women’s rights. Wilmans was born in Louisiana as Edith Eunice Therrel. She was married in 1900 to Hall Wilmans, and later they had three daughters. Wilmans first started fighting for women’s rights when she undertook organizing a Dallas organization for women’s rights. In 1918 Wilmans decided she wanted to become a lawyer to help women’s voting rights.  She then got a job for the Texas legislature in 1923, three years after the 19th amendment was passed. During her time on the job, she was part of the office that passed laws to give more money to schools in Dallas. In 1925 she was asked by Pat M. Neff to be part of state Supreme Court. She then later left because she didn't have the training to be on the court.    

## References
Urvashi Vaid

**Urvashi Vaid** (8 October 1958 – 14 May 2022) was an Indian-American LGBT activist. She moved to the United States when she was eight. She ended high school after three years. She then went to New York’s Vassar College. After, she went to law school at Northeastern University in Boston. She is lesbian. 

## Achievements 
Vaid supports gay and lesbian rights. She lived in Boston and started the Lesbian Gay Political Alliance. This organization supports the gay people in Boston. After college, she helped prisoners who had HIV. In 1985, she started working at the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. This group teaches people about the lives of gay and lesbian people. She also started the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force’s Creating Change Conference. In 1995, she wrote a book called *Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Gay and Lesbian Liberation*.  She had breast and thyroid cancer at the time of her death.

## References
Coherence (physics)

**Coherence** in advanced physics is a phenomenon of electromagnetic waves.

In physics, two wave sources are perfectly coherent if they have a constant phase difference and the same frequency, and the same waveform. In such a case the waves plot as identical: their peaks and troughs occur at the same time, and they have the same amplitude.

Coherence is an ideal property of waves. It produces stationary (i.e. temporally and spatially constant) interference.

The idea has several distinct concepts. These are limiting cases which never quite occur in reality.  However, they allow an understanding of the physics of waves, and have become an important concept in quantum physics.

More generally, coherence describes all properties of the correlation between physical quantities of a single wave, or between several waves or wave packets.

## References
Rosie Hackett

**Rosanna “Rosie” Hackett** (1893–1976) was a worker rights activist and trade union leader. She lived in Dublin, Ireland.

## Early life 
Hackett was born on 25 July 1893, in Dublin, Ireland. Her family was hardworking, but they did not have very much money. They lived in a small, broken, dirty building with many people. Her father died when she was young. A few years later, she worked at a paper store in her hometown to get money.

## Achievements 
Hackett had a lot of important events in her life. She was a part of many strikes and helped to start the group, IWWU (Irish Women Worker Union). Also, after her death, she had a bridge in Dublin  named after her in 2013. (The Rosie Hackett Bridge)  

## Death and Legacy 
Hackett died on 4 July 1976. She was 84 years old and her body was placed in Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland. She was respected for her acts in strikes and helped the Irish economy.

## References
Božidar Smiljanić

**Božidar Smiljanić** (20 September 1936 – 7 April 2018) was a Croatian actor. He appeared in more than 70 movies from his career's beginning in 1953 until his retirement in 2016. He was born in Zagreb, Croatia.

Smiljanić was known for his movies *Journalist* (1979), *Transylvania 6-5000* (1985), *Armour of God* (1986), *Project A Part II* (1987), *Armour of God II: Operation Condor* (1991), *First Class Thieves* (2005), *Ultimate Force* (2005) and *The Constitution* (2016).

Smiljanić died on 7 April 2018 in Zagreb at the age of 81.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Jerrold Meinwald

**Jerrold Meinwald** (January 16, 1927 – April 23, 2018) was an American chemist. He was known for his work on chemical ecology. He worked with Thomas Eisner. He was a Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Cornell University. He was author or co-author of well over 400 scientific articles. 

## References
## Other websites
* Faculty page at Cornell University
Lloyd John Ogilvie

**Lloyd John Ogilvie** (September 2, 1930 &ndash; June 5, 2019) was an American Presbyterian minister. He was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He was Chaplain of the United States Senate from 104th through 107th Congresses from 1995 to 2003.

Ogilvie died on June 5, 2019 at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
Daniel Coughlin

**Fr. Daniel P. Coughlin,** STL, (born November&nbsp;8,&nbsp;1934) served as the 59th Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives from March&nbsp;23,&nbsp;2000, to April&nbsp;14,&nbsp;2011. He was the first Roman Catholic priest to serve in that position.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the Chaplain of the U.S. House of Representatives
* House resolution honoring Coughlin's tenth year of service as House Chaplain.
* Remarks of Nancy Pelosi in recognition of Coughlin's first ten years as chaplain.
* Coughlin's prayer at Congressional service commemorating 2011 shootings in Tucson, Arizona. 
*Coughlin's invocation at funeral of former President Gerald Ford. 
* C-span video: Fr Coughlin's final prayer as House Chaplain, followed by tributes by Speaker Boehner and Minority Leader Pelosi.
*CRS Report: House and Senate Chaplains
*
Shelburne, Vermont

**Shelburne** is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. It is located along the shores of Lake Champlain. Shelburne is a suburb of Burlington. Shelburne's town center is about  south of Burlington's city's center. The population of Shelburne was 7,717 at the 2020 census.

## References
Cheltenham

**Cheltenham** , also known as **Cheltenham Spa**, is the second largest town in Gloucestershire with a population of about 117,500 in mid 2016.

It is famous for having a large amount of millionaires with a rate of 43 multimillionaires per 100,000 people, the third largest in the United Kingdom.
Battle of Fulford

The **Battle of Fulford** took place on the 20th September 1066 near York. The battle was between Viking invaders and English Earls. It was fought by, on one side, King Harald III of Norway (Harald Hardrada  (Old Norse, meaning "hard ruler") and his English ally Tostig Godwinson. On the other side were two Earls, Edwin and Morcar. Tostig was the exiled brother of the English king Harold Godwinson. The battle was fought out on the outskirts of the village of Fulford, close to York.

The battle was a decisive victory for the Viking army. The earls of York could have hidden behind the walls of their city. Instead, they met the Viking army across a river. All day the English tried to break the Viking shield wall but failed.

Edwin and Morcar had survived the battle. York surrendered to the Norwegians. Harald had won the battle. One cause of the battle was that Earl Morcar had replaced Tostig as Earl of Northumbria.

## Background 
The  Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor died on 5 January 1066 without an heir. The only surviving member of the royal family was Edgar, the young son of Edward Ætheling. On the day of King Edward's funeral, 6 January, Harold Godwinson, the Earl of Wessex, rushed to London, where he was crowned king in the Abbey of Saint Peter of Westminster, by Ealdred, Archbishop of York. Harold Godwinson was elected as King by the Witenagemot, who had gathered in Westminster to celebrate the feast of Epiphany.

However, two powerful earls, brothers Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria, challenged his authority. Sources indicate that Harold moved north to confront them; however, in the end he got their loyalty by marrying their sister, Edith, the widow of Griffith of Wales. By securing the loyalty of Edwin and Morcar, Godwinson increased his strength in the north. These men were, in fact, the first barrier between Harald Hardrada and Harold Godwinson.

The defeat of the earls had a big consequence. Because his enemies won, King Harold Godwinson had to force-march his troops , from London to York. He did this within a week of Fulford. He surprised   the Viking army and defeated them at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. In the meantime William, Duke of Normandy, had landed his army in Sussex on the south coast.

Probably the engagements at Fulford Gate and at the Battle of Stamford Bridge  seriously affected Harold's strength at the Battle of Hastings some three weeks later.

## References
Leonids

The **Leonids** are a prolific meteor shower associated with the comet Tempel–Tuttle. 

The Leonids get their name from the direction their shower seems to come from. This direction is called the radiant. The meteors appear to come from the constellation Leo. 

The Leonids peak in the month of November.
Anglo-Zanzibar War

The **Anglo-Zanzibar War** was fought between the Sultanate of Zanzibar, a state in and capital of the country of Zanzibar, and the United Kingdom on 27 August 1896. Lasting between 38 and 45 minutes, it is the shortest recorded war in history. While he was alive, because the English Council approved, he and the Sultanate of Zanzibar were on good terms with England, but when he died, a new Sultan was needed.

Sultan Khalid bin Barghash, his 29-year-old nephew eventually became his successor, but Khalid was no-longer approved by the United Kingdom, making him and his state enemies of the British Army. They told him to come out of hiding, but the new Sultan's response was to barricade himself in his palace even more. As expected, the Sultanate of Zanzibar was absolutely destroyed by the British, which led to what we know today as the Anglo-Zanzibar war, the shortest recorded war in history. It lasted between 38 and 45 minutes.

## Casualties and losses 
There were varying casualties on both sides. For England, only a single sailor was wounded, but for the Sultanate of Zanzibar five hundred were killed or injured (including civilians), 4 artillery pieces were destroyed, a shore battery was destroyed, two other boats were sunk, and the HHS Glasgow (the Sultan's personal royal ship) was sunk. The Sultan's palace was also burned down to the ground.

## Aftermath 
Khalid was captured by English forces in 1916, and a new Sultan, Sultan Hamoud, became his successor. This new leader was extraordinarily loyal to England and their council, which definitely helped Zanzibar recover from this attack, as England decided not to impose new harsh rules on their relationship with the sultanate.
## References
Muhammad Shah (Sayyid dynasty)

**Muhammad Shah** (r. 1434-1445) was the third sultan of the Sayyid dynasty. Sayyid dynasty is the fourth dynasty of Delhi Sultanate. He succeeded his uncle, Mubarak Shah. Alam Shah succeeded him as the king. Both of them were incapable or weak rulers. They only ruled from the city of Delhi and that was only the extent to which their kingdom was.

## References
* 
*
Alam Shah

Alam Shah was the fourth and last ruler of the Sayyid dynasty. He succeeded his father, Muhammad Shah to the throne. According to sources, at this time, the empire extended from Delhi to nearby suburb (locality) Palam..

Alam Shah was an incapable ruler. He left the kingdom in 1448. He moved to Budaun. Three years later, Bahlul Lodi took control of the capital.

## Notes
## References
* 
*
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq

**Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq** (reign: 1394-February 1413 CE) was the last sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty. Tughlaq dynasty is the third dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. During his reign in 1398, Amir Timur the Turkic ruler invaded India. Soon after the invasion, the Tughlaq dynasty gradually came to an end."

## Successor
After Mahmud's rule, Khizr Khan found the Sayyid dynasty.

## References
Lerwick

**Lerwick** (; Scottish Gaelic: *Liùrabhaig*, Norwegian: *Leirvik*) is the main port of Shetland Islands, Scotland. Its population was 6,958 in the 2011 census.

It also is the second largest port in the Northern Isles and the most northernmost town in the United Kingdom.
Gianfranco Parolini

**Gianfranco Parolini** (20 February 1925 – 26 April 2018) was an Italian movie director and screenwriter. He is often credited as **Frank Kramer**. Among his movies are *The Sabata Trilogy*, several sword and sandal movies, most of the Kommissar X movies and a number of Spaghetti Westerns. He was born in Rome, Italy.

He claimed to have written over 100 thriller novels before becoming an assistant to Giuseppe D'Amato.

Parolini died on 26 April 2018 in Rome, Italy at the age of 93.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Yang Ha-eun

**Yang Ha-eun** (Korean ㅋ뭏 ㅗㅁ뎌ㅜ; born 25 February 1994 in Seoul) is a female South Korean table tennis player. She won the gold medal in the mixed-doubles at the World Championships 2015.

## Results from the ITTF-database                                                                                                                                    
## References
Montfaucon-d'Argonne

'''Montfaucon-d'Argonne''' is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-east France.

## Related pages
* Communes of the Meuse department
Sigolsheim

**Sigolsheim** used to be a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new commune Kaysersberg-Vignoble.

Children went to school at the École élémentaire publique intercommunale which had preschool (*maternelle*) and elementary.

## References 
*INSEE commune file
Guhyasamāja Tantra

Monastery, Nepal.]]

**Guhyasamāja Tantra** (Sanskrit: Guhyasamājatantra; Tibetan: Gsang ’dus rtsa rgyud; English: *Tantra of the Secret Community*) is a tantra method of Tibetan Buddhism. The central figure is called "Vajra‐pāni" which means a vajra-carrier or a vajra-master.

The Guhyasamāja Tantra was the secret gathering based on thought that having sexual relations with many women would contribute to Buddhism awakening. The legitimate wives of the vajra‐sattvaḥa, called "dakinis", were limited only to virgins. Although the number of dakinis is variously drafted according to the literature, it probably amounts to a number of geometrical progressionwise.

Also statues and pictures were made to beautify the method. However, because those acts had no integrity to fundamental buddhist precepts, it is no longer done in Tibetan Buddhism. On the contrary, warning symbols and festivals, such as Citipati, are widely spread.

## Gallery

File:Padmasambhava in yam-yum.jpg|Padmasambhava, the former Prince of Wales Museum in Mumbai.
File:Heruka in Yab-Yum form (1544 AD).jpg|Heruka with Vajravarahi. Discovered in Nepal, Prince of Wales museum.
File:Chakrasamvara Vajravarahi.jpg|Saṃvara with Vajravārāh, Tibetan souvenir (origin is unknown).
File:Yamantaka Vajrabhairav.jpg|Yamantaka Vajrabhairav, the British Museum - Asian Gallery.

## Related pages
*Vajrayana
*Aum Shinrikyo

## References
Robert Wilkie

**Robert Leon Wilkie Jr.** (born August 2, 1962) is an American lawyer and government official. He was the 10th United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs from July 30, 2018 to January 20, 2021. He was the *acting* Secretary from March 28, 2018 to May 29, 2018, while serving as the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness from November 30, 2017 until July 2018. 

On May 18, 2018, President Trump announced that he was nominating Wilkie to hold the job full-time of United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. On July 23, 2018, Wilkie was confirmed by the United States Senate as the next Secretary of Veterans Affairs by a 86-9 vote.

## Early life
Wilkie was born in Frankfurt, West Germany. He grew up in Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

Wilkie Jr. received his B.A. degree from the Wake Forest University in North Carolina. He also studied at Loyola University School of Law in New Orleans in 1988 and at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C..

## Early career
Wilkie began his professional career on Capitol Hill as Counsel to Jesse Helms. In 1997, he began service as counsel and advisor on international security affairs to Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott.

Wilkie served as special assistant to the President for national security affairs and a senior director of the National Security Council where he was a senior policy advisor to then-National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice. 

Wilkie was nominated to be Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness by President Donald Trump on July 25, 2017. This nomination was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on November 16, 2017.  Wilkie was a senior advisor to U.S. Senator Thom Tillis.

## Secretary of Veterans Affairs (2018&ndash;2021)
Wilkie was nominated to be Secretary of Veterans Afairs by President Trump on May 29, 2018. He was to replace fired Secretary David Shulkin. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on July 23, 2018, in a 86-9 vote. He was sworn-in on July 30.

## Pro-Confederate speeches 
Wilkie praised Confederate President Jefferson Davis as a "martyr" and an "exceptional man in an exceptional age" in a 1995 speech at the United States Capitol.

## Awards
In 2009, Defense Secretary Robert Gates awarded him the Defense Distinguished Public Service Medal, the highest civilian award of the Department.

## References
## Other websites
*Robert L. Wilkie, White House biography
*Robert L. Wilkie, Department of Defense biography
*DoD News Release "Wilkie Named Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs" United States Department of Defense, October 17, 2006.
Frank Capra

**Frank Russell Capra** (born **Francesco Rosario Capra**; May 18, 1897 &ndash; September 3, 1991) was a Sicilian-American movie director, movie producer and screenwriter. He won three Oscars from his six nominations as Best Director. His best known movies are *It Happened One Night* (1934), ''You Can't Take It with You* (1938), *Mr. Smith Goes to Washington* (1939) and *It's a Wonderful Life'' (1946).

## References
## Other websites
*
Something Just Like This

"**Something Just Like This**" is an electropop song by American DJ duo The Chainsmokers, with British band Coldplay.  It was released on February 22, 2017, as the lead single from The Chainsmokers' album, *Memories…Do Not Open* (2017).

The song reached the top two in Australia and the UK and the top three in the US and Canada.  It reached number one on the US Pop Songs radio chart and in Belgium (Flanders).  It reached the top five in nine other countries.  "Something Just like This" finished at number five on *Billboard*'s 2017 Year-End Hot 100.

"Something Just like This" has been certified quadruple-platinum in the US for shipments and streams of over four million copies.

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
### Decade-end charts
### Notes 
## References
Titusville, Pennsylvania

**Titusville** is a city in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,262 at the 2020 census. Titusville is where the modern oil industry began.

## References
Montfaucon

**Montfaucon** can mean:

## People
* Bernard de Montfaucon (1655–1741), French monk, early palaeographer and archaeologist

## Places
### Switzerland
* Montfaucon, Switzerland, in the canton of Jura

### France
* Montfaucon, Aisne, in the Aisne department
* Montfaucon, Doubs, in the du Doubs department
* Montfaucon, Gard, in the Gard department
* Montfaucon, Lot, in the Lot department
* Montfaucon-d'Argonne, in the Meuse department
* Montfaucon-en-Velay, in the Haute-Loire department
* Montfaucon-Montigné, in the Maine-et-Loire department
** Canton of Montfaucon-Montigné

## Other uses
* Battle of Montfaucon or Meuse-Argonne Offensive, World War I battle
* Gibbet of Montfaucon, the gibbet of the kings of France from the 13th century to 1760
University of Calcutta

The **University of Calcutta** (informally known as **Calcutta University** or **CU**) is a public state university located in Kolkata (formerly *Calcutta*), West Bengal, India. It was created on 24 January 1857.  Within India it is recognized as a "Five-Star University" and a "Centre with Potential for Excellence" by the University Grants Commission and the National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

## References
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

The **United Nations Economic Commission for Africa** (**UNECA** or **ECA**) was created in 1958 by the United Nations Economic and Social Council to create economic growth among its member states (the nations of the African continent) following a recommendation of the United Nations General Assembly.

It is one of five regional commissions.

## References
Colin Miller

**Colin Fyfe Miller** (born 4 October 1964)

## Career statistics
### International
### International goals
:''Scores and results list Canada's goal tally first.''

### Coaching record
## References