open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lotay Tshering

**Lotay Tshering** (; born 10 May 1969) is a Bhutanese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Bhutan from 7 November 2018 until 1 November 2023.

## Early life and education 
He received his early education from Punakha High School and graduated from Sherubtse College. He graduated from Mymensingh Medical College under the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh and received a degree of MBBS in 2001. He completed his post-graduation in surgery from the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In 2007, he studied Urology at the Medical College of Wisconsin, the USA, under his World Health Organization fellowship. Upon his return to Bhutan, he was the only practicing trained urologist in his country. In 2010, he obtained a fellowship in Endourology at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, and Okayama University, Japan. He received a Master of Business Administration degree from University of Canberra, Australia in 2014.

## Personal life 
Tshering, a Nepali-speaking Lhotshampa, is married to a doctor, Ugyen Dema. The couple has one daughter. During his tenure in Mongar Regional Referral Hospital, he adopted one girl and one boy.

## Professional career 
Tshering served as a consultant surgeon in JDWNRH and Mongar Regional Referral Hospital, and was also served as a consultant urologist in JDWNRH for 11 years.

After the payment of about Nu. 6.2 million to the Royal Civil Service Commission, he resigned from the JDWNRH as a urologist to join politics in 2013.

## Political career 
On 14 May 2018, Tshering received 1,155 votes and was elected as the president of the Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa (DNT) just five months before the Third National Assembly Election.

He was elected to the National Assembly of Bhutan as a candidate of DNT from South Thimphu constituency in 2018 Bhutanese National Assembly election. He received 3,662 votes, defeating Kinley Tshering, a candidate of DPT. His party won largest number of seats in the 2018 National Assembly Election, bringing Tshering to premiership and Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa into government for the first time.

### Prime Minister 
Narendra Modi with the Lotay Tshering, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on December 28, 2018
On 7 November 2018, he replaced Tshering Tobgay and was sworn in as 3rd democratically elected Prime Minister of Bhutan.

On 27 December 2018, he arrived in India (three-day visit) on his first foreign trip after assuming the office.

#### Cabinet 
Main article: Council of Ministers (Bhutan) § Current cabinet

Tshering announced his 10 cabinet ministers on 3 November 2018.

## Awards 
* 1991: He was awarded the Father William Mackey Gold Medal for academic excellence in Sherubtse.
* 2005: He was awarded the Unsung Hero of Compassion Award by 14th Dalai Lama.
* 2017: He was awarded the Order of the Beloved of the Thunder Dragon Medal (*Druk Thuksey*) by King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck for his "selfless and dedicated service to the Tsawa-Sum (our King, our country and our people)."
* 2018: Royal Orange Scarf by King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck.

## References
Luis Arce

**Luis Alberto Arce Catacora** (La Paz, September 28, 1963) is a Bolivian economist, university professor, and politician who was the 67th President of Bolivia from November 8, 2020 to November 8, 2025. He was Bolivia's Minister of Economy and Public Finance from 2006 to 2017 and again in 2019. He is recognized as the architect of Bolivia's economic growth during Evo Morales's presidency.

In January 2020, he was elected candidate for the presidency of Bolivia for the October 2020 national elections by the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) party, along with former chancellor David Choquehuanca as a candidate for vice presidency.

## Minister of Economy
On January 23, 2006, Arce was chosen by President Evo Morales to be Minister of Finance. Three years later, in 2009, he took charge of the new Ministry of Economy and Public Finance. Arce watch over the nationalization of hydrocarbon, telecommunications and mining companies in Bolivia. During his ministry, Bolivian GDP increased by 344% and extreme poorness dropped from 38% to 15%.

## Presidency 
The first thing Arce did when he swore into the presidency is revert the recognition of the Venezuelan president to Maduro.

## Related pages
*List of scientists from South America

## References
Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum

**Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum** (ca. 1941 – 4 January 2006) (; ), also referred to as **Sheikh Maktoum** was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the emir (ruler) of Dubai.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites
Flames of Passion

***Flames of Passion*** is a 1922 British drama movie directed by Graham Cutts and starring Mae Marsh, C. Aubrey Smith, Hilda Bayley, Herbert Langley, Allan Aynesworth, Eva Moore, George K. Arthur. It is a lost movie.

## Other websites
*
Wojciech Pszoniak

**Wojciech Zygmunt Pszoniak** (2 May 1942 – 19 October 2020) was a Polish screen and stage actor. He was born in what is now the city of Lviv. His movie credits include *The Devil* (1972), *The Promised Land* (1975), *The Tin Drum* (1979) and *Austeria* (1983).

Pszoniak died in Warsaw on 19 October 2020 from cancer. He was 78.

## References
## Other websites
*
Gianni Dei

**Gianni Dei** (21 December 1940 – 19 October 2020) was an Italian actor and singer. He was born in Bologna. His movie credits include *A Girl... and a Million* (1962), *The Seventh Grave* (1965), ''Sheriff Won't Shoot* (1965), *La donnaccia* (1965), *Pronto... c'è una certa Giuliana per te* (1967), *Madame Bovary* (1969), *A White Dress for Marialé* (1972), *The Last Round* (1972), *The Killers Are Our Guests* (1974), *Batton Story* (1976), *Giallo a Venezia* (1979) and *Patrick Still Lives'' (1980).

Dei died in Rome on 19 October 2020. He was 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
Litoria christianbergmanni

***Litoria christianbergmanni*** is a frog from Indonesia.  It lives on the Fakfak Mountains.  Scientists saw it 860 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 26.9–31.2 mm long from nose to rear end.  There is more webbed skin on the back feet than on the front feet.  This frog is green in color with small yellow-white spots on its back and back legs.  The backs of the legs are brown in color.

Scientists named this frog after a German amphibian scientist, Prof. Dr. Christian Bergmann.

## References
Tridevi

***Tridevi*** refers to three supreme goddesses, wifes of tridev - *Lakshmi* (wife of Visnhu), *Saraswati* (wife of Brahma), *Parvati/ Kali* (wife of Shiva).

Saraswati is the goddess of learning and arts, cultural fulfillment. She is the cosmic intelligence, cosmic consciousness, and cosmic knowledge.

Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and fertility, material fulfillment. However, she does not signify mere material wealth like gold, cattle, etc. All kinds of prosperity, glory, magnificence, joy, exaltation, or greatness come under Lakshmi.

Parvati/ Mahakali the goddess of power and love, spiritual fulfillment. She also depicts the transformational power of divinity, the power that dissolves multiplicity in unity.

## References
Ethanol fermentation

**Ethanol fermentation** is a fermentation process that converts sugar into cellular energy, producing ethanol, and carbon dioxide. Because ethanol is an alcohol, it is also known as **alcoholic fermentation**. Yeast will do this without using oxygen, the process is anaerobic. It also happens in some kind of fish, where it produces energy, when there is little oxygen. 

Ethanol fermentation has many uses, including the production of alcoholic drinks (such as beer or wine), the production of ethanol fuel, and the cooking of bread.
Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!

'''''Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!'''* ()  is a novel by Russian writer Sergei Aman, published in 2018.

## Plot
The hero of the novel is the philosopher Alexei Krutorogov. He is unemployed and forced to get money for a living, working as a taxi driver. They are called bombers *(bombila)* in Russia. In the novel he talks about time, about the insignificance of everyday vanity and about absurdity as the basis of Russian life.

## Literary features 
*Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!'' is a novel with a non-linear storyline. The novel covers the time period from the nineties of the last century to the tenth years of the present century. The novel is based on reliable facts. The style of the novel is postmodernism. The epigraph to the novel is a phrase from the book "The World According to Novikoff” by the Moscow writer Andrei Gusev. Sergei Aman's novel and Andrei Gusev's book combines a world-view approach.

## References
## Notes
*Аман С.* Всё будет хорошо, мы все умрём! (“Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!”), эротическо-героический эпос. — М.: ИД «Флюид ФриФлай», 2018. — 176 pp. ISBN 978-5-906827-70-8
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum

Sheikh **Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum**   (; ; born 15 July 1949) is a politician. He was the acting President of the United Arab Emirates, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and ruler of the Emirate of Dubai.

He is responsible for the growth of Dubai into a global city, as well as the launch of a number of major enterprises including Emirates Airline, DP World, and the Jumeirah Group. Many of these are held by Dubai Holding, a company with multi-diversified businesses and investments. Sheikh Mohammed has overseen the development of numerous projects in Dubai including the creation of a technology park and a free economic zone, Dubai Internet City, Dubai Media City, the Dubai International Finance Centre, the Palm Islands and the Burj Al Arab hotel. He also drove the construction of Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.

## References
David Dunn

**David Dunn** is a fictional character. He first appeared in a 2000 movie called *Unbreakable*.

## Fictional biography
David Dunn was a football player who quit and became a security guard in Philadelphia.

## Portrayals
David Dunn has been portrayed by Bruce Willis in all three of his appearances.
Raimundo Garcia

**Raimundo García** (27 May 1936 – 13 October 2020) was an Argentine chess master. He was born in Buenos Aires. 

García won at Mar del Plata 1962 (*Torneo Latino-americano*), and was Argentine Champion in 1963.

In 1963 he won a match against Samuel Schweber (3 : 2) in Buenos Aires, tied for 7-9th at Fortaleza 1963 (zonal, Rossetto won), and took 10th at Buenos Aires 1964 (Paul Keres won).

Garcia died on 13 October 2020 in Buenos Aires, aged 84.

## References
Ab Krook

**Ab Krook** (18 June 1944 – 13 October 2020) was a Dutch speed skating coach between 1977 and 2006. He was also a speed skater between 1967 and 1971. He competed at Dutch National Championships, but never reached the top. He was born in Oud-Loosdrecht, Netherlands.

He was coach during eight Winter Olympics and later served as a coordinator. Among others he coached Annie Borckink winning the Olympic gold medal and Ria Visser the silver medal at the 1980 Winter Olympics. He coached Bart Veldkamp winning gold at the 1992 Winter Olympics.

Krook had a cerebral infarction in 2018. He died from problems caused by a second infarction on 13 October 2020 in Blaricum, Netherlands, aged 76.

## References
William Keir Carr

Lieutenant General **William Keir "Bill" Carr**, CMM, DFC, OStJ, CD (March 19, 1923 – October 14, 2020) was a Canadian Air Force officer. He was called the father of the modern Canadian Air Force. He was born in Grand Bank, Dominion of Newfoundland. He became Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff in 1973 and the first Commander, Air Command in 1975 before retiring from active duty in 1978.

Carr died on October 14, 2020 at the age of 97.

## References
Lance Carson

**Lance Allen Carson** (December 3, 1945 – October 14, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives representing District 20 from 2007 to 2015 and 2017 to 2019. Carson was born in Nunda, South Dakota.

Carson died of COVID-19 on October 14, 2020 in Pierre, South Dakota at age 74.

## References
Scooby-Doo (movie)

***Scooby-Doo*** is a 2002 American comedy mystery movie based on the *Scooby-Doo* franchise.

It was directed by Raja Gosnell and starred Freddie Prinze, Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Matthew Lillard, Linda Cardellini and Rowan Atkinson. It got bad reviews but was a box office hit and started a 2004 sequel.

## Plot
At a toy factory, Mystery Inc. has unmasked the Luna Ghost. The group except for Shaggy and Scooby quit. Two years later, they all got a letter from Emile Mondavarious to visit Spooky Island and solve a mystery there.

## Cast
*Freddie Prinze Jr. as Fred Jones
*Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne Blake
*Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers
*Linda Cardellini as Velma Dinkley
*Rowan Atkinson as Emile Mondavarious
*Isla Fisher as Mary Jane
*Pamela Anderson as Herself
*Nick Hope as Old Man Smithers
*Sugar Ray as Themselves
### Voice cast
*Neil Fanning as Scooby-Doo
*Scott Innes as Scrappy-Doo
**J.P. Manoux as Scrappy-Rex
*Frank Welker and Jess Harnell as Monsters

## Reception
Many fans didn't like how adult-oriented the humor is but they did like Matthew Lillard's performance of Shaggy, which is why Casey Kasem picked Lillard as his successor for the cartoons.

## References
James Jungius

Vice Admiral **Sir James George Jungius** KBE DL (15 November 1923 &ndash; 14 October 2020) was a Royal Navy officer. He became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic in 1975. Jungius was promoted to rear admiral on 7 July 1972 and appointed Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Operational Requirements) the same year.

He died on 14 October 2020 at the age of 96.

## References
Stanley Schumacher

**Stanley Stanford Schumacher**  (June 12, 1933 &ndash; October 10, 2020) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was born in Hanna, Alberta. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. Schumacher was a member of the Parliament of Canada between 1968 and 1979. He was also a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta between 1986 and 1997.

Schumacher died on October 10, 2020 in Drumheller, Alberta at the age of 87.

## References
Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé

**Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé**, (distant cousin of Hannah Stella Veltzé) (born March 2, 1956) is a Bolivian politician and lawyer. During the 2005 political crisis in Bolivia, he was President of Bolivia for a short time. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court between 2004 to 2005.

In 2010, Rodriguez has been charged with treason. He was charged with treason in 2006, which carries a 30-year prison term. He has since been cleared of all charges.

## References
Danil Khalimov

**Danil Takhirovich Khalimov** (6 July 1978 – 15 October 2020) was an amateur Kazakh Greco-Roman wrestler. He competed in the men's middleweight category.

Khalimov qualified for his naturalized Kazakh squad in the men's 74 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. 

He died on October 2020 at the age of 42 from COVID-19 in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile – International Wrestling Database
Mauricio Mata

**Mauricio Mata** (12 April 1939 – 15 October 2020) was a Mexican cyclist. He competed in three events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in San Luis Potosí, Mexico.

Mata died on 15 October 2020 in Aguascalientes, Mexico at the age of 81.

## References
Oscar Panno

**Oscar Roberto Panno** (born 17 March 1935) is an Argentine chess Grandmaster. Panno was the first top world chess player born in South America. Panno won the 2nd World Junior Chess Championship in 1953. Panno was born in Buenos Aires.

Panno has several successes at the tournaments at Mar del Plata. He won the international tournaments in 1954 and 1969 (shared with Miguel Najdorf), and the open tournaments in 1986, 1988, and 1994.

Panno played eleven times for Argentina in Chess Olympiads (1954–58, 1962, 1966–70, 1976, 1986–88, 1992). The 1954 Olympiad team won the silver medal, while the 1958 and 1962 teams won the bronze medal.

## References
Carlos Mesa

**Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert** (born August 12, 1953) is a Bolivian politician and journalist. He was President of Bolivia from 2003 to 2005. He was vice president of Bolivia from August 2002 to October 2003. He unsuccessfully ran for president again in 2020.

## References
Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed

***Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed*** is a 2004 American comedy mystery movie based on the *Scooby-Doo* franchise and a sequel to the 2002 movie.

It was directed by Raja Gosnell and starred Freddie Prinze, Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Matthew Lillard and Linda Cardellini. It got both bad reviews and didn't make enough money. A planned third film (which was set to be released in 2006) was cancelled because of that. 

## Plot
Mystery Inc. attended the grand opening of the Coolsonian Criminology Museum, home of all the costumes unmasked by the group.

## Cast
*Freddie Prinze, Jr. as Fred
*Sarah Gellar as Daphne
*Matthew Lillard as Shaggy
*Linda Cardellini as Velma
*Seth Green as Patrick Wisely
*Peter Boyle - Old Man Wickles
*Tim Nelson - Dr. Jonathan Jacobo
*Alicia Silverstone - Heather Jasper Howe
### Voice cast
*Neil Fanning as Scooby-Doo
*J.P. Manoux - Brainiac Scooby
*Scott McNeil as Evil Masked Figure
*Michael Sorich as Tar Monster and the Cotton Candy Glob
*Wally Wingert as Green-Eyed Skeleton Man
*Dee Bradley Baker as Red-Eyed Skeleton and 10,000 Volt Ghost
*Terrence Stone as Pterodactyl Ghost

### Cameos
*Ruben Studdard
*Tasmanian Devil (voiced by Neil Fanning as Scooby-Doo)

## References
Jorge Quiroga

**Jorge Fernando  Quiroga Ramírez** (born May 5, 1960) nicknamed **Tuto Quiroga** is a Bolivian politician. He was President of Bolivia from August 7, 2001 to August 6, 2002. Quiroga was a candidate in the 2014 presidential election for the Christian Democratic Party.

He was appointed as vice president of the Club de Madrid in 2011.

Quiroga ran for president again in the 2025 general election, but lost in the run-off to Mayor of Tarija Rodrigo Paz Pereira.

## References
Johnny Bush

**Johnny Bush** (February 17, 1935 – October 16, 2020) was an American country music singer-songwriter, and musician. Bush was best known for his voice and for writing the song "Whiskey River", a top 10 hit.

Bush died at a hospital in San Antonio, Texas, on October 16, 2020 from problems caused by pneumonia, aged 85.

## References
Anthony Chisholm

**Anthony Chisholm**  (April 9, 1943 – October 16, 2020) was an American actor. He was a nominated for a Tony Award for Best Supporting Actor in a play, for his role of Elder Joseph Barlow in August Wilson's *Radio Golf*. He also performed on Broadway in August Wilson's *Gem of the Ocean*. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Chisholm died on October 16, 2020 in Montclair, New Jersey at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
*
Odore Joseph Gendron

**Odore Joseph Gendron** (September 13, 1921 – October 16, 2020) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Bishop of Manchester from 1975 to 1990. Gendron was born in Manchester, New Hampshire.

Gendron died in Manchester on October 16, 2020 at the age of 99. At the time of his death he was the oldest living Catholic bishop in the United States.

## References
Gordon Haskell

**Gordon Haskell** (27 April 1946 – 16 October 2020) was an English musician and singer-songwriter. He was a school friend of King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, the two first working together in Fripp's mid-1960s teenage group the League of Gentlemen. 

Haskell became known as bass player for the British band The Fleur de Lys, and subsequently spent a short period in King Crimson, singing one of the songs on their second album and both singing and playing bass on their third album.

Haskell died on 16 October 2020 at the age of 74.

## References
Joaquín Pardo

**Joaquín Pardo** (28 February 1946 &ndash; 16 October 2020) was a Colombian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He played for the national team.

Pardo died on 16 October 2020 at the age of 74.

## References
Andrzej Pogorzelski

**Andrzej Pogorzelski** (12 October 1938 – 16 October 2020) was a Polish motorcycle speedway rider and coach. He was born in Leszno, Poland.

Andrzej won 3 bronze medals in the Polish Individual Speedway Championship (1964, 1965, 1966). He also won the Golden Helmet tournament in 1966, in 1964 * (2nd place), * 1965 * (2nd place) *  and 1969 * (2nd place), * and was finalist in the Silver Helmet tournament of the season 1962 * (3rd place). *

Pogorzelski died on 16 October 2020, aged 82.

## References
Abdul Aziz Shamsuddin

**Abdul Aziz bin Shamsuddin** (10 June 1938 – 16 October 2020) was a Malaysian politician. In 1975, he became a special officer to the Minister of Education, Mahathir Mohamad. Later, he worked as Mahathir's private secretary while Mahathir was Prime Minister from 1981 to 1999. In 1999, Abdul Aziz joined sixth Mahathir cabinet and was made the Deputy Minister of Education. He was Minister of Rural and Regional Development from 27 March 2004 to 18 March 2008. Between 2004 and 2008, he was a member of the Parliament of Malaysia. Shamsuddin was born in Gopeng, Malaysia. 

Shamsuddin died on 16 October 2020 in Kuala Lumpur at the age of 82.

## References
Palestinian Legislative Council

The **Palestinian Legislative Council** (**PLC**) is the unicameral legislature of the Palestinian Authority, elected by the Palestinian residents of the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. 

It is made up of 132 members, elected from 16 electoral districts of the Palestinian Authority.the duties of this council is to pass laws and supervise their implementation. And also this council acts as a parliament.The Palestinian Legislative Council approves the budget of the Palestinian Authority, the Prime Minister and his government. Two parliamentary elections were held in 1996 and 2006, the winner of the first election was Fath and the winner of the second election was Hamas.

## References
Frederick Azzopardi

** Frederick Azzopardi** (15 September 1949 – 17 October 2020) was a Maltese politician. He was Member of Parliament, Government Deputy Whip, and Parliamentary Assistant in the Ministry of Gozo within the Maltese Government. He was elected in the House of Representatives of Malta in 1998.

Azzopardi died on 17 October 2020 at the age of 71 following an illness.

## References
## Other websites
*Biographical data
Aurora Chamorro

**Aurora Chamorro** (11 June 1954 &ndash; 17 October 2020) was a Spanish swimmer. She participated in the 1970 European Aquatics Championships, the 1973 World Aquatics Championships and the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

Chamorro died on 17 October 2020 at the age of 66.

## References
Lucien De Brauwere

**Lucien De Brauwere** (10 June 1951 – 17 October 2020) was a Belgian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Oudenaarde, Belgium.

De Brauwere died on 17 October 2020 in Petegem-aan-de-Schelde, Belgium, aged 69.

## References
Yusop Jikiri

**Yusop Jikiri** (1951 – 17 October 2020) was a Filipino politician. He was a Leader within the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). From 2001 to 2004, he was Governor of Sulu Province in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).  He also was a representative from Sulu's 1st District (2007–10) and ran again in 2010, but lost to Tupay Loong. 

Jikiri died on 17 October 2020 at the age of 66.

## References
Toshinori Kondo

was a Japanese avant-garde jazz and jazz fusion trumpeter. He was born in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. In 1979, he released his first recording, toured Europe with Eugene Chadbourne, and collaborated with European musicians such as Peter Brotzman. He worked with Ryuichi Sakamoto, Kazumi Watanabe, and Herbie Hancock.

Kondo died on October 17, 2020 in Kawasaki City, Japan, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
* Toshinori Kondo Official Web Site  
* 
*
Unbreakable (movie)

***Unbreakable*** is a 2000 American psychological superhero thriller mystery movie. It is set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It stars Bruce Willis and Samuel L. Jackson.

## Cast
*Bruce Willis as David Dunn
*Samuel L. Jackson as Elijah Price / Mister Glass
*Robin Wright as Audrey Dunn
*Spencer Treat Clark as Joseph Dunn

## References
## Other websites
*
Takna Jigme Sangpo

**Takna Jigme Sangpo** (1926 – 17 October 2020) was the longest-serving political prisoner of Tibetan ethnicity. He spent 37 years in a prison near Lhasa. 

He was first imprisoned in 1965, he was released from prison on a medical parole on 31 March 2002 having reached the age of 76. He resided in the Drapchi Prison.

## References
Michael Strauss

**Michael Strauss** (; 1 May 1934 – 17 October 2020) was a German-born Israeli businessman. He was born in Ulm, Germany. His career began in 1958 and he retired in 2001. He was Chairman and President of Strauss Group. His net worth was US$950 million in 2006.

Strauss died on 17 October 2020 in Jerusalem at the age of 86.

## References
Matt Drudge

**Matthew Nathan Drudge** (born October 27, 1966) is an American political commentator, the creator and editor of the Drudge Report.

## References
## Other websites
* Transcript, audio, video of Matt Drudge's National Press Club speech
* 
* 
* Matt Drudge on Facebook
John Archibald Wheeler

**John Archibald Wheeler** (July 9, 1911April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist. He was known for his interest in general relativity in the United States. Wheeler also worked with Niels Bohr in explaining the basic principles behind nuclear fission. 

He is best known for using the term "black hole" and for inventing the terms "quantum foam", "neutron moderator", "wormhole" and "it from bit", and for hypothesizing the "one-electron universe".

On April 13, 2008, Wheeler died of pneumonia at the age of 96 in Hightstown, New Jersey.

## References
## Other websites
* 1965 Audio Interview with John Wheeler by Stephane Groueff, Voices of the Manhattan Project
* 1986 Audio Interview with John Wheeler by S. L. Sanger, Voices of the Manhattan Project
* A Collection of John Archibald Wheeler's Published and Unpublished Works
* Wheeler's Classic Delayed Choice Experiment
* 
* 
* Cosmic Search Vol. 1 No. 4, FORUM: John A. Wheeler
* John Wheeler telling his life story at Web of Stories
* Wheeler —Biographical stories 
* John Archibald Wheeler: A Study of Mentoring in Modern Physics
* Kip S. Thorne, "John A. Wheeler", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2019)
Warren Mitchell (basketball)

**Warren Eugene Mitchell Sr.** (April 1, 1933 – October 15, 2020) was an American college basketball coach. He was the head coach for the William & Mary Tribe men's basketball team from 1966 to 1972. He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia.

Mitchell died in Midlothian, Virginia on October 15, 2020 from COVID-19 and problems caused by dementia at the age of 87. 

## References
Peter Brötzmann

**Peter Brötzmann** (6 March 1941 &ndash; 22 June 2023) was a German free jazz saxophonist and clarinetist.

Brötzmann appeared on over 100 albums.

Brötzmann died on 22 June 2023, at the age of 82, at home in Wuppertal, Germany.

## Works
* *For Adolphe Sax* (1967)
* *Machine Gun* (1968)
* *Nipples* (1969)
* *More Nipples* (1969)
* *Fuck de Boere (Dedicated to Johnny Dyani)* (1970)
* *Solo* (1976)
* *Alarm* (1981)
* *14 Love Poems* (1984)
* *No Nothing* (1991)
* *Dare Devil* (1992)
* *The März Combo Live in Wuppertal* (1993)
* *Nothing to Say  (Dedicated to Oscar Wilde: A Suite of Breathless Motion)* (1996)
* *Sprawl* (1997)
* *Right as Rain (Dedicated to Werner Lüdi)* (2001)
* *Usable Past* (2002)
* *Lost & Found* (2009)

## References
The Killers Are Our Guests

***The Killers Are Our Guests*** (originally titled *Gli assassini sono nostri ospiti*) is a 1974 Italian crime thriller movie directed by Vincenzo Rigo and starring Anthony Steffen, Margaret Lee, Luigi Pistilli, Gianni Dei.

## Other websites
*

## References
Serpent of the Nile

***Serpent of the Nile*** is a 1953 American adventure movie directed by William Castle and starring Raymond Burr, Rhonda Fleming, William Lundigan, Jean Byron, Michael Ansara, Julie Newmar. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

## Other websites
*
David Bale

**David Charles Howard Bale** (2 September 1941 – 30 December 2003) was an English businessman and an environmentalist animal rights activist. 

He was the father of actor Christian Bale and the husband of Gloria Steinem.

Bale died of lymphoma and brain cancer in Santa Monica, California on 30 December 2003, aged 62.

## References
Zee Thirai

**Zee Thirai** is an Indian Tamil language Pay television channel under ZEE Network. It telecast only exclusive Tamil Kollywood movies for 24 hours with 7 weeks (24x7). Also it offers dubbed movies of Hollywood, Bollywood, Tollywood and Mollywood. It was launched by actor Kamal Hassan on the event of *Zee Cine Awards Tamil 2020* and premiered on 19 January 2020. It is the part of Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited.
* On every day, daily movies (24x7).

## References
## Other websites
* Website on Zee5
Winter Light

***Winter Light*** is a 1963 Swedish drama movie directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Gunnar Björnstrand, Kolbjörn Knudsen, Olof Thunberg, Max von Sydow, Allan Edwall, Ingrid Thulin, Gunnel Lindblom.

## Other websites
* 
*
Tomás Herrera Martínez

**Tomás Herrera Martinez** (December 21, 1950 – October 18, 2020) was a Cuban basketball player. He won the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.

Martinez died on October 18, 2020 at the age of 69.

## References
Fannie Mae

The **Federal National Mortgage Association** (**FNMA**), commonly known as **Fannie Mae**, is a United States government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) and, since 1968, a publicly traded company. It founded in 1938 during the Great Depression as part of the New Deal.

Its sister organization is the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), better known as Freddie Mac. As of 2018, Fannie Mae is ranked number 21 on the *Fortune* 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.

## References
Stanisław Kogut

**Stanisław Kogut** (29 October 1953 – 18 October 2020) was a Polish politician and trade union activist. He was a member of the Polish Senate between 2005 to 2019. He also was a member of the Law and Justice party. Kogut was born in Biała Niżna, Poland.

Kogut died from COVID-19 on 18 October 2020 in Gorlice, Poland, aged 67.

## References
Jeffrey Toobin

**Jeffrey Ross Toobin** (; born May 21, 1960) is an American lawyer, blogger, author and was a legal analyst for CNN and *The New Yorker* until 2020.  He was suspended from CNN and fired from the New Yorker after masturbating on camera during an official video call.

He was an associate counsel in the Department of Justice, and moved from government into writing during the 1990s.

Toobin has written several books, including an account of the O. J. Simpson murder case. That book was adapted as a TV series, *The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story,* which aired in 2016 as the first season of FX *American Crime Story*; it won nine Emmy Awards.

## References
Prime Minister of Bhutan

The **prime minister of Bhutan** (**Lyonchhen**) is the head of government of Bhutan.

## Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Bhutan 
list of Prime Ministers of Bhutan 

### Chief ministers (Gongzim) 
### Prime ministers (Lyonchen) 
## Notes 
## References
Carbon–hydrogen bond

The **carbon-hydrogen bond** (**C–H bond**) is a bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms. It can be found in many organic compounds. This bond is a covalent bond. Carbon–hydrogen bonds have a bond length of about 1.09 Å (1.09 × 10−10 m). It has a bond energy of about 413 kJ/mol. Using Pauling's scale—C (2.55) and H (2.2)—the electronegativity difference between the carbon and hydrogen atoms is 0.35.

## References
Gamut

In  computer graphics and photography, the **gamut**, or **color gamut** , is a certain *subset* of colors. Most often it is a subset of colors, which can be accurately represented by some output device.

Another sense refers to the complete set of colors found within an image. 

## Introduction
The term *gamut* was adopted from music, where in middle age Latin "gamut" meant the entire range of musical notes of which musical melodies are composed. In the 1850s, the term was used for a range of colors or hue, for example by Thomas De Quincey, who wrote "Porphyry, I have heard, runs through as large a gamut of hues as marble."

In color theory, the gamut of a device is the portion of the color space that it can show.

When certain colors cannot be presented within a particular color model, those colors are said to be *out of gamut*. 

While processing a digital image, an image is usually recorded in RGB color model. When printing such image has to be converted from an original RGB color space to the printer's CMYK color space. During this process, the colors, which are out of printer's gamut are converted to the in-gamut colors. So, the final image is an approximation of the original one. 

## Representation of gamuts
Gamuts are commonly represented as areas in the full visible range of colors. The full range of colors is usually shown as CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram shaped like a horseshoe.

The gamut depends on the brightness. So a full gamut is represented in 3D space.

## Comparison of gamut of some devices
The list contains some typical devices, wich show pictures, ranging from large to small color gamut:

* Laser video projector uses three lasers to produce the broadest gamut available today. Because lasers produce truly monochromatic primaries. More than three lasers can be used together to increase the gamut range.
* Photographic film can reproduce a larger color gamut than typical television or computer.
* CRT displays have a roughly triangular color gamut, which covers a large portion of the visible color space. In CRTs, the limitations are due to the phosphors in the screen which produce red, green, and blue light.
* Printing typically uses the CMYK color space (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). Efforts have been made to expand the gamut of the printing process by adding inks of non-primary colors.
* A monochrome display's color gamut is a one-dimensional curve in color space.

## References
## Other websites
* Using the Chromaticity Diagram for Color Gamut Evaluation by Bruce Lindbloom.
* Color Gamut Mapping book by Jan Morovic.
* Quantifying Color Gamut by William D. Kappele
* Stanford University CS 178 interactive Flash demo  explaining color gamut mapping.
Alevism

**Alevism** or **Anatolian Alevism** (; ; ; ) is a local syncretic Anatolian tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical (bāṭenī) teachings of Persian mystic Haji Bektash Veli, who is supposed to have taught the teachings of Ali and the Twelve Imams. Differing from both the mainstream Sunni and Shia, Alevis have no binding religious dogmas, and teachings are passed on by a spiritual leader. They generally acknowledge the six articles of faith of Islam, but may differ regarding their interpretation. The tradition is mainly followed by ethnic Kurds, Zazas, Turks and some who identify as Alevi ethnically.  Generally, you need to be born from an Alevi mother or father to be considered an Alevi.

## Sources 
* 

## References
David Kushnir

**David Kushnir** (דוד קושניר; June 21, 1931 – October 18, 2020) was an Israeli Olympic long-jumper and track and field coach. He was born in Afula, Mandatory Palestine. When Kushnir competed in the Olympics he was 5-8 (173&nbsp;cm) tall and weighed 163&nbsp;lbs (74&nbsp;kg).

## References
Joseph Mar Thoma

**Joseph Mar Thoma Metropolitan** (27 June 1931 – 18 October 2020) (Syriac:ܡܺܝܛܪܳܦܽܠܶܝܬܳܐ ܕܟܽܘܪܣܝܳܐ ܫܠܺܝܚܳܝܳܐ ܕܡܰܠܰܒܰܪ ܐܰܒܽܘܢ ܝܰܘܣܶܝܦ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܬܳܐܘܡܳܐ܀) was an Indian religious prelate. He was the 21st Marthoma Metropolitan and primate of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church headquartered in Kerala, India. He was born in Maramon, British Raj. He was the President of the National Council of Churches in India, Senior President of CCA, and the chairman of CASA.

Thoma died on 18 October 2020 in Thiruvalla, Kerala from pancreatic cancer, aged 89.

## References
Ilana Rovina

**Ilana Rovina** (January 30, 1934 &ndash; October 18, 2020) was an Israeli singer and actress. Rovina was one of Israel's first pop stars in the '50s and '60s and released a string of hits. She was also an actress and known for her role in *I Like Mike* (1961). 

Rovina was born in Jerusalem and died from COVID-19 in Tel Aviv, aged 86.

## References
José Padilla (DJ)

**José Padilla** (1955 – 18 October 2020) was a Spanish disc jockey and producer of ambient music. He was best known for his work as DJ in the Café del Mar bar on the island of Ibiza. He was born in Barcelona, Spain. His career began in 1978.

In July 2020, Padilla was diagnosed with colorectal cancer. He died in Ibiza on 18 October 2020 from the disease, aged 64.

## References
Arvin Reingold

**Arvin Harold Reingold** (July 22, 1930 &ndash; October 18, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. Reingold was in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1963 to 1965 and was a Democrat.

Reingold was born in New York City. He moved to Chattanooga, Tennessee. Reingold died in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 90.

## References
Gérard Sulon

**Gérard Sulon** (3 April 1938 – 18 October 2020) was a Belgian footballer who played as a midfielder.

Sulon played for RFC Liège, CS Schaerbeek, Beerschot VAV and Crossing Schaerbeek.

He also played for the Belgian national team between 1964 and 1965.

Sulon died on 18 October 2020, aged 82.

## References
Saeb Erekat

**Saeb Muhammad Salih Erekat** (also *Erifat* or *Erakat* or *Arekat*;   *Ṣāʼib ʻUrayqāt* or *ʻRēqāt*; 28 April 1955 &ndash; 10 November 2020) was a Palestinian politician and diplomat. He is the Secretary General of the Executive Committee of the PLO since 2015. He was chief of the PLO Steering and Monitoring Committee until 12 February 2011. 

He negotiated the Oslo Accords with Israel and remained chief negotiator from 1995 until May 2003, when he resigned in protest from the Palestinian government. He has been a member of the Palestinian Legislative Council since 1996.

On 9 October 2020, Erekat tested positive for COVID-19. He was at high risk for the illness, because he had a lung transplant in 2017.  On 18 October 2020, he was sent to the Israeli Hadassah Ein Karem hospital in Jerusalem in critical condition. Erekat died of complications from COVID-19 on 10 November 2020, aged 65.

## References
Murder of Samuel Paty

and demonstration in memory of Paty in Belfort, France (21 October 2020)]]
The **murder of Samuel Paty** was a terrorist attack that took place on 16 October 2020 in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, near Paris. Paty was a French secondary school teacher, and he was killed and then beheaded by an Islamist terrorist, Abdoullakh Abouyedovich Anzorov. Anzorov killed Paty after a "hate campaign" on social media. A student at the school where Paty taught lied about Paty's teaching, and the student's father started the hate campaign.

Paty showed his students *Charlie Hebdo*'s 2012 cartoons showing Muhammad in a class on freedom of speech. A girl who was not in the class lied about what the teacher taught, and her father made a complaint to the police. The murder happened during the trial of other terrorists who were part of the *Charlie Hebdo* shooting in 2015. Anzorov killed Paty and put a picture of his head on Twitter. The police shot Anzorov dead a few minutes after the murder. Chnina also said there was Islamophobia at the school. He said that other parents should help him force the school to fire Paty. He sent these videos to the organization Collective Against Islamophobia in France () and to his local mosque. Chnina said the same things on radio as well.

## References
Enzo Mari

**Enzo Mari** (April 27, 1932 &ndash; October 19, 2020) was an Italian modernist artist and furniture designer. He was inspired by the arts and crafts movement, and his political views as a communist. Mari was born in Novara, Italy.

In the 1970s, he founded the Nuova Tendenza art movement as a professor at Società Umanitaria, also in Milan.  Also in that decade, he designed the Sof Sof chair and the "Box" chair.

Mari died on October 19, 2020 in Milan from COVID-19 at the age of 88.

## References
Hightstown, New Jersey

**Hightstown** is a borough in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 5,900.

## References
Jill Paton Walsh

**Jill Paton Walsh**  (29 April 1937 – 18 October 2020) was an English novelist and children's writer. She was born in London. Walsh was known for her books *Knowledge of Angels*, *A Presumption of Death* and *The Attenbury Emeralds*.

Walsh died in London in October 2020 at the age of 83.

## References
Iqbal F. Qadir

Vice-Admiral **Iqbal Fazl Quadir** (Urdu:اقبال فضل قادر) , (died 19 October 2020) was a Pakistani three-star rank admiral in the Navy, diplomat and analyst. He was known for his participation in second war. He was the Ambassador to Iran between 1983 to 1985.

Qadir died on 19 October 2020.

## References
## Other websites
*Strong political will needed for success of CPEC
*Indian Naval Doctrine
*Myrter of Naval Crews in 1999
Aribinda

**Arbinda** (also spelled **Aribinda**) is the capital town of the Arbinda Department of Soum Province in northern Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 9,790 as of 2012. Arbinda is also known for its ancient airport, which is now likely abandoned.

## History 
On 24 December 2019, a group of militants attacked civilians and a military base in Arbinda in one of Burkina Faso's deadliest attacks. At least 122 people were killed, including 35 civilians, 7 soldiers, and 80 attackers.

## References 
# **^** "Thirty-five civilians killed in Burkina Faso after army repels militant attack". *Thomson Reuters Foundation*. 24 December 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
2020–2021 Thai protests

in June 2020]]
The ongoing **2020 Thai protests** are a series of protests against the government of Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha, which have included demands for reform of the Thai monarchy.

The protests were initially caused by the ending of the Future Forward Party in late February 2020. The party was critical of Prayut. This first wave of protests was held on academic campuses and stopped by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The protests started again on 18 July in a large demonstration organized under the Free Youth umbrella at the Democracy Monument.

Following mass protests on 14 October, a "severe" state of emergency, which gave more emergency powers to the authorities compared to those given by the Emergency Decree since March, was declared in Bangkok on the 15, citing the alleged blocking of a royal motorcade. 

Protests continued despite the ban, prompting a crackdown by police on 16 October.

## References
Joan Mesquida

**Joan Mesquida Ferrando** (6 December 1962 &ndash; 19 October 2020) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Congress of Deputies for a short time in 2019. He was the Director-General of the Spanish National Police and Civil Guard from 2006 to 2008. Mesquida was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.

Mesquida died of cancer in Palma de Mallorca, Spain on 19 October 2020, aged 57.

## References
John P. Wheeler III

**John Parsons Wheeler III** (December 14, 1944 –c. December 30, 2010), known as **Jack Wheeler**, was an American Vietnam War veteran and businessman. He was born in Laredo, Texas.

He was chairman of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, senior planner for Amtrak (1971–1972), official of the Securities and Exchange Commission (1978–1986), chief executive and CEO of Mothers Against Drunk Driving, consultant to the Mitre Corporation (2009–death), and a presidential aide to the Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush administrations. 

Wheeler was murdered on December 30, 2010 near Wilmington, Delaware at the age of 66. The events and people involved in his murder is unsolved.

## References
Luigi Franza

**Luigi Franza** (24 February 1939 &ndash; 19 October 2020) was an Italian politician and lawyer. Franza was a member of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. Franza was a member of the Italian Senate between 1983 and 1994.

Franza died on 19 October 2020 in Ariano Irpino, Italy at the age of 81.

## References
Theodosius (Lazor)

**Metropolitan Theodosius** (secular name **Frank Lazor**; October 27, 1933October 19, 2020) was the primate of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA) from 1977 until his retirement in 2002. He retired due to bad health. He was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Theodosius died in Canonsburg from problems caused by multiple strokes on October 19, 2020, aged 86.

## References
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania

**Canonsburg** is a borough in Washington County, Pennsylvania,  southwest of Pittsburgh. The population was 9,744 at the 2020 census.

## References
Bruno Martini

**Bruno Martini** (25 January 1962 – 20 October 2020) was a French footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He played for Auxerre between 1981 and 1995. He also played for the national team from 1987 to 1996.  Martini represented the nation in two European Championships.

Martini died on 20 October 2020 of cardiac arrest caused by heart failure in Montpellier, aged 58.

## References
Challuy

**Challuy** is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.

## References
## Other websites
* INSEE commune file
Paul Murphy

**Paul Murphy** may refer to:

## Sportspeople
* Paul Murphy (English footballer) (born 1954), English football player for Workington
* Paul Murphy (Derry footballer) (born 1979), Irish Gaelic footballer
* Paul Murphy (Kerry footballer) (born 1991), Irish Gaelic footballer
* Paul Murphy (hurler) (born 1989), Irish hurler

## Politicians
* Paul Murphy (Irish politician) (born 1983), Solidarity TD (Dublin South West) and former Socialist Party MEP
* Paul Murphy (Manitoba politician), Canadian politician
* Paul Murphy (Massachusetts politician) (1932–2020), American politician
* Paul Murphy, Baron Murphy of Torfaen (born 1948), Welsh Labour Party politician

## Others
* Paul Murphy (Australian journalist), Australian political journalist
* Paul Murphy (British journalist), founder editor of *FT Alphaville*
* Skratch Bastid (Paul Murphy, born 1982), Canadian hip hop DJ
* Paul Murphy (conductor), Principal Conductor of Birmingham Royal Ballet
* Paul Murphy (musician) (born 1949), jazz percussionist

## Related pages
* Paul Morphy (1837–1884), chess player
Paul Murphy (Massachusetts politician)

**Paul Maurice Murphy** (February 24, 1932 – January 22, 2020) was an American politician and judge. He was born in Brockton, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives between 1961 to 1970 and again from 1971 to 1974.

Murphy died on January 22, 2020 in Osterville, Massachusetts at the age of 88.

## References
Naâma (singer)

**Naâma** () (27 February 1934 – 18 October 2020) was a Tunisian singer. She was named "Naâma" (meaning grace in Tunisian Arabic) by the Master Tunisian composer Salah Al Mahdi. Naâma became her stage name which she kept until she retired in late 1990s.

She was born in Azmour, in the North of Tunisia. Naâma died on 18 October 2020 after a long illness in Tunis, aged 86.

## References
Paul Murphy (Australian journalist)

**Paul Murphy**  (1942/1943 – 20 October 2020) was an Australian political journalist and radio and television presenter. He presented the ABC's afternoon radio current affairs program *PM* from 1983 to 1993.

Murphy was a regular guest on *This Sporting Life*. He was the first host of the SBS-TV current affairs program *Dateline,* and presented the program for a decade.

In the 1994 Australia Day Honours Murphy was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for "service to public broadcasting and to journalism".

Murphy died from cancer on 20 October 2020, aged 77.

## References
Irina Skobtseva

**Irina Konstantinovna Skobtseva** (; 22 August 1927 – 20 October 2020) was a Soviet and Russian actress. She was the second wife of Sergei Bondarchuk. Skobtseva was born in Tula, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. 

Her career began in 1955. Her best known works were in *War and Peace*, *Othello* and *Walking the Streets of Moscow*. In 1974, she was honored with People's Artist of the RSFSR.

Skobtseva died on 20 October 2020 in Moscow, aged 93.

## References