open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hernando de Soto

**Hernando de Soto** (Jerez de los Caballeros, Badajoz, Spain, c.1496/1497–May 21, 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador. He led the first European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States.  He was trying to find gold and a way to China.  The expedition explored the southern United States.  De Soto was probably the first European to discover the Mississippi River.  He died in 1542 on the banks of the Mississippi River at present-day Lake Village, Arkansas. 

## Personal life
Hernando de Soto was born to parents who were hidalgos in Extremadura.  In this region, there was a lot of poverty and hardship.  For this reason, many young people looked for ways to seek their fortune elsewhere. 

De Soto’s parents were poor.  Two towns, Badajoz and Jerez de los Caballeros, claim to be his birthplace.  All that is known with certainty is that he spent time as a child at both places.  In his will, he wanted to be buried at Jerez de los Caballeros, where other members of his family were also buried. 

## Exploration
The Age of the Conquerors began right after of the Spanish reconquest of the Iberian peninsula from Islamic forces.  After the Moors were defeated, Spain and Portugal were filled with young men begging for a chance to find military fame.  After explorers discovered new lands to the West (which they thought was far East Asia), many more young men became explorers with the goal of earning wealth and glory.

De Soto sailed to the New World in 1514 with the first Governor of Panama, Pedrarias Dávila.  During the conquest of Central America, de Soto became known for his leadership, his strong loyalty, and his extortion of native villages for their captured chiefs. He gained fame as an excellent horseman, fighter, and tactician.  However, he was also well known for his extreme brutality.

De Soto was influenced by Juan Ponce de León, who discovered Florida; Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who discovered the Pacific Ocean (which he called the "South Sea" below Panama); and Ferdinand Magellan, who first sailed the Pacific Ocean to the Orient.

## References
Spanish Grand Prix

The **Spanish Grand Prix** () is a Formula One race that is planned to be held at the Madring in 2026. The race is one of the oldest in Formula 1 racing.

## Winners of the Spanish Grand Prix
### Multiple winners (drivers) 
*Drivers **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season*
*A pink background indicates an event that was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

### Multiple winners (constructors) 
*Teams **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event that was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*
*A yellow background indicates an event that was part of the pre-war European Championship.*

### Multiple winners (engine manufacturers) 
*Manufacturers **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event that was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*
*A yellow background indicates an event that was part of the pre-war European Championship.*

 Designed and built by  Cosworth, funded by Ford

 Between 1998-2005 designed and built by  Ilmor, funded by Mercedes

### By year
*A pink background indicates an event that was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*
*A yellow background indicates an event that was part of the pre-war European Championship.*
''A green background indicates an event that was part of the pre-war World Manufacturers' Championship.

 Sports car race 
† Officially named as RACE Grand Prix

## References
Islamabad International Airport

{{Infobox airport
| name = Islamabad International Airport
| nativename = ()
| image = 
| image-width = 
| image2 = New Islamabad International Airport front view.jpg
| image2-width = 280
| caption2 = Front view of the Islamabad International Airport.
| IATA = ISB
| ICAO = OPIS
| type = Public
| owner = Government of Pakistan
| operator = Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority
| city-served = Islamabad-Rawalpindi region
| location = Fateh Jang, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan
| opened = 1 May 2018
| hub = 
| elevation-f = 1761
| elevation-m = 537
| coordinates = 
| website = 
| image_map = 

{
  "type": "Feature",
  "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [72.8509649295, 33.5564261076] },
  "properties": {
    "title": "Islamabad International Airport",
    "description": "",
    "marker-symbol": "airport",
    "marker-size": "large",
    "marker-color": "0050d0"
  }
}

| r1-number = 28L/10R
| r1-length-m = 3657.6
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| metric-rwy = y
| stat1-header = Passengers Capacity
| stat1-data = 15 million (first phase)
25 million (planned)
}}
**Islamabad International Airport** is the main international airport serving the Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area and surrounding suburbs. It is Pakistan's largest airport, after Jinnah International Airport in Karachi and is built 20&nbsp;km away from the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi near the Kashmir Highway and Motorway Interchange.

The airport commenced full operations on 3 May 2018, replacing the defunct Benazir Bhutto International Airport which now forms part of the Pakistan Air Force Base Nur Khan.

## References
Canadian Grand Prix

The **Canadian Grand Prix** (known in French as the *Grand Prix du Canada*) is an auto race held in Canada since 1961. It has been part of the Formula One World Championship since 1967.  It was first staged at Mosport Park in Bowmanville, Ontario as a sports car event before it alternated between Mosport and Circuit Mont-Tremblant, Quebec after Formula One took over the event.  After 1971 safety concerns led to the Grand Prix moving permanently to Mosport. In 1978 the Canadian Grand Prix moved to its current home on Circuit Île Notre-Dame in Montreal. In 1982, the track was renamed to Circuit Gilles Villeneuve. This was to honour Canadian Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, following his death in 1982.

## Winners of the Canadian Grand Prix
### Repeat winners (drivers)
*Drivers **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

### Repeat winners (constructors)
*Teams **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

### Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)
*Manufacturers **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

 Built by  Cosworth, funded by Ford

 Between 1999-2005 built by  Ilmor, funded by Mercedes

### Year by year
, Michael Schumacher and Eddie Irvine on the podium of the 1998 Canadian Grand Prix]]

*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

2021 Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and was replaced by the Turkish Grand Prix 2022 Max Verstappen Red Bull-RBPT 2023 Max Verstappen Red Bull-Honda RBPT

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
 **2006:** Race started on ITV4 due to ITV showing coverage of the FIFA World Cup but simulcasted the race with ITV until the end of the race. 
 **2011:** Race started on BBC One, but finished on BBC Two and BBC HD due to rain delays.

## Other websites 
*  Official website 
*  Official Website  
* Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame
Pakistan International Airlines

Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, more commonly known as **Pakistan International Airlines** or PIA ( or ), is the flag carrier and national airline of Pakistan.

On 30 June 2020, PIA was banned from flying in European airspace initially for six months, starting on 1 July 2020, and then indefinitely after EASA determined that the airline was not capable of certifying and overseeing its operators and aircraft in accordance with applicable international standards. This decision was made soon after it was revealed that at least a fourth of all pilots' licences issued in Pakistan were not genuine. By 9 July 2020, the airline was also banned by the United Kingdom and the United States.

## Achievements and recognitions 
* First airline from an Asian country to fly the Super Constellation.
* First Asian airline to operate a jet aircraft.
* First Asian airline to be granted maintenance approval by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Air Registration Board, predecessor of the British Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).
* First non-communist airline to fly to the People's Republic of China, and operate a service between Asia and Europe via Moscow.
* First airline in Asia to induct the new technology Boeing 737-300 aircraft.
* First airline in the world to operate scheduled helicopter services.
* First airline to show in-flight movies on international routes.
* The first airline in South Asia to introduce auto-ticketing facility.
* The first airline in the world to fly to Tashkent, capital of the newly independent state of Uzbekistan.
* First airline in the world to start Air Safari with jet aircraft.
* First Asian airline to start flights to Oslo, the capital city of Norway.
* First airline in the world to induct the Boeing 777-200LR, the world's longest range commercial airliner.
* First airline in the world to take delivery of the Boeing 777-200LR Worldliner (Longer Range Variant).
* Pakistan International Airlines Flight Services Department was awarded the ISO 9001:2000 certification award during May 2006.
* First airline in Pakistan to operate a flight with an all female crew at command and in the cabin.
* First airline in the world to operate the Boeing 777-200ER, 777-200LR and 777-300ER altogether - all the three variants currently available on the market.
* PIA Flight Kitchens in Karachi were awarded the HACCP Certification. 

## Crashes
*Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740
*Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303

## References 
## Other websites
*Official website 
*
Anantnag District

]]
**Anantnag** () is a district in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir in northwestern India. It is one of six districts which make up the Kashmir Valley. The district headquarters is Anantnag.

## Tehsils
*Kokernag Tehsil
*Shangus Tehsil
*Anantnag Tehsil
*Bijbehara Tehsil
*Doru Tehsil
*Pahalgam Tehsil
*Qazigund Tehsil
*Kulgam Tehsil
International Air Transport Association

The **International Air Transport Association** is an international industry trade group of airlines. It is headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where the International Civil Aviation Organization also is. The main goal of the organization is to assist airline companies to achieve lawful competition and uniformity in prices.

## References 
## Other websites 
* IATA official website
1935–36 NHL season

The **1935–36 NHL season** was the 19th season of the National Hockey League (NHL). Eight teams each played 48 games. The Detroit Red Wings were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one in the final series.

## Regular season
### Final standings
*Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

*Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold*

### Scoring leaders
*Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes*

## Stanley Cup playoffs
### Playoff bracket
## NHL awards
### All-Star teams
## References
*Hockey Database
*NHL.com
United States Grand Prix

The **United States Grand Prix** is a motor race which has been run on and off since 1908, when it was known as the *American Grand Prize*. The race later became part of the Formula One World Championship. From 2000 to 2007, the race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course. the United States Grand Prix was dropped from the Formula One calendar starting in 2008.

In 2010, the FIA announced that the race would return to the United States at a new circuit near Austin, Texas. The new track, known as the Circuit of the Americas, hosted its first U.S. Grand Prix in .

## History 
### Indianapolis Motor Speedway 
Formula One returned to the United States in . The race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. A road course was built for the Formula one race. Part of the oval track was used, including the main straightaway and turn 4. The remaining part of the road course was built in the infield portion of the track. Even thought most American races run counter-clockwise, including the Indianapolis 500, the Formula One course was built to run clockwise.

### Circuit of the Americas 
A new race track is being built in the Austin area. This track is being designed and built for the use of Formula One racing and MotoGP, and will also host a round of V8 Supercars, an Australia-based touring car racing series. The track will be located southeast of Austin next to state highway 130. The track will be located on a 900 acre site. The location used to known as the Wandering Creek property.

## Winners of the United States Grand Prix 
### Repeat winners (drivers)
Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season. A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.

### Repeat winners (constructors)
*Teams **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

### Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)
*Manufacturers **in bold** are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.*
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

 Built by  Cosworth, funded by Ford

 Built by  Ilmor in 2001, funded by Mercedes

### By year
*A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.*

## Broadcasting
### United Kingdom
## Other websites 
* United States Grand Prix History 
* United States Grand Prix Statistics 
* Formula One Phoenix Circuit History
* Formula One Fair Park Circuit History
* Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin

## References
Coppins

**Coppins** is an English country house in the village of Iver in Buckinghamshire. It was changed for Princess Victoria, a daughter of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. After her father's death, Princess Victoria stayed with Queen Alexandra at Sandringham House as her mother's companion. After Queen Alexandra's death in 1925, Princess Victoria moved into Coppins, which had a "relaxed air of a holiday villa". Victoria lived for another ten years, dying at Coppins on 2 December 1935, aged 67. She left the house to her nephew, Prince George, the Duke of Kent, and his wife Princess Marina. It was owned by the Kent family for two generations, and was sold in 1973 to Commander Eli Gottlieb.

## Notes
## Sources
*Van der Kiste, John, ''Edward VII's Children'' (Sutton Publishing, Gloucestershire), 2004.
Balmoral Castle

**Balmoral Castle** is a royal residence in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is located near the village of Crathie,  west of Ballater and  east of Braemar. It was purchased by Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's husband, in 1848. Victoria and Albert paid £300,000 for full ownership of the house in 1852. Queen Victoria laid the foundation stone in 1853, signed a parchment recording the date, and placed it in the hole prepared for the stone. The area of Balmoral covers approximately . Today, Balmoral is owned privately by the British royal family, and was one of Queen Elizabeth II's favourite summer retreats. This is the place where Queen Elizabeth II died on 8 September 2022.

## Other websites
We Ski

***We Ski***, also known as ***Family Ski*** in Japan and Europe is a video game for the Wii. It is the first third-party game (and second game behind *Wii Fit*) released that makes use of the Wii Balance Board.

A sequel, *We Ski & Snowboard*, which adds snowboarding to the game, was released in Japan November 13, 2008.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official Website
*We Ski  at IGN
Beech

The **Beech** is a large tree in the genus *Fagus* in the plant family Fagaceae. There are about 10 species, all native to Europe, Asia, and North America.

The flowers are small and single-sex (monoecious), the female flowers are carried in pairs, the male flowers are wind-pollinating catkins, produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear. The bark is smooth and light grey. The fruit is a small, sharply three–angled nut 10–15&nbsp;mm long. The nuts are edible, though bitter (though not nearly as bitter as acorns). They have a high tannin content, and are called beechnuts or beechmast.

Beech grows on a wide range of soil types, acid or basic, provided they are not wet for long periods. The tree canopy casts a heavy shade, and the leaves, when dropped, cover the ground thickly. Few plant grow under beech trees.

In North America, they often form Beech-Maple forests by growing together with the Sugar Maple.

## Uses of Beechwood
The beech has been used for its wood by man for thousands of years. The wood is white, or reddish if grown on acid soil, but fine grained, smooth and heavy when first cut. It may split as it dries. It is a good wood for making ornaments, tool handles, kitchen utensils, furniture and parts of buildings. Beechwood burns well and is used, among other woods, to smoke herrings in Scotland. It can also be made into charcoal.

## Southern Beech
The southern beeches *Nothofagus* previously thought closely related to beeches, are now treated as members of a separate family, Nothofagaceae. They are found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Argentina and Chile (mostly on the southern tip in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego).

## Pests and Diseases
The beech blight aphid (*Grylloprociphilus imbricator*) is a common pest of beech trees. Beeches are also used as food plants by some species of butterflies and moths (see List of moths and butterflies that feed on beech trees).

## References
Denison, Texas

**Denison** is a city in Grayson County, Texas, United States. The amount of people living there was 24,479 at the 2020 census. It is one of two principal cities in the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The city of Denison was founded in 1872 in conjunction with the MKT or "Katy" depot It was named after the rich Katy vice President George DenisonBecause the town was made at the intersection of the MKT and the Red River (both important conduits of transportation in the industrial era), it came to be an important commercial center in the 19th century American West.

## History
The name of Denison was given by French people because during the 19th century a horticulturalist from this place saved the grapes of France. During the same century a famous president of the USA, Dwight David Eisenhower was born there. The next century has contributed to Denison history because there was a conflict about some artworks that showed up in Denison in the 1980s.

## Demographics
In 2020, Denison contained a population of 24,479. For females we have 12,848 (52.5%) and for males 11,631 (47.5%). Median resident age was 40.3 years. In 2000, median house value was estimated at $52,100 and in 2008 median house hold income was estimated at $38,843.

## Politics
Denison is a city of Texas. It has its own mayor named Robert Crawley (). Denison and all the state of Texas have two representative senators: John Cornyn and Ted Cruz.

## Culture
The diversity of religions and the government laws create the spread of different cultures and arts. Therefore, Denison was designated by the Texas Commission on the Arts as one of seven pilot cities for the Texas Arts and Cultural District in September 2009.

## References
Bioethics

**Bioethics** is a field of ethics in philosophy that studies the ethical, legal and social issues in medicine and biology. It is often used to study how the new discoveries in science will affect humans, animals and nature.

## Related pages 
*Abortion
*Biotechnology
*Clone
*Euthanasia
*Medical ethics
*Mutation
Lamiales

The order **Lamiales** is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 11,000 species divided up into about 10 families. A few well-known members of this order are the lavender, the lilac, the olive, the jasmine, the ash tree, the teak, the snapdragon, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.

## References
Mentha

***Mentha*** (**mint**) is a genus of about 25 species (and many hundreds of varieties) of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae (Mint Family). Mint leaves are used for flavoring, such as in mint chocolate chip ice cream, mint chutney, and mint tea.

## Species 
**Health Benefits of Mint**
# **Nutrient Content of Mint:** Mint is a nutrient-rich herb, offering essential vitamins and minerals even in small quantities. 2 tablespoons (11.4 grams) of spearmint contain a noteworthy array of nutrients, including energy, fiber, carbohydrates, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin A.
# **Digestive Aid:** Mint aids digestion by stimulating digestive juices, promoting better gut health.
# **Relief for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS):** Peppermint oil, containing menthol, can alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by relaxing digestive tract muscles. Studies have shown that peppermint oil capsules improve IBS symptoms significantly compared to placebo.
# **Antioxidant Properties:** Mint is packed with antioxidants, protecting the body from free radicals and potentially inhibiting tumor formation.
# **Oral Hygiene:** Mint's antibacterial properties make it effective in combating bad breath and mouth ulcers, enhancing oral hygiene.
# **Anti-inflammatory Effects:** The anti-inflammatory properties of mint may help alleviate symptoms of allergies and asthma, attributed to compounds like rosmarinic acid.
# **Skincare:** Mint's antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties make it effective against acne and scars, promoting clearer skin.
# **Hair Health:** Mint leaf extract, rich in carotene and antioxidants, can promote hair growth and prevent hair loss.
**Caution for GERD Patients:** Individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be cautious with mint consumption, as it may trigger symptoms.

## References
Fagales

The **Fagales** are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus *Fagus*, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families currently included are as follows:

* Betulaceae - Birch family
* Casuarinaceae - She-oak family
* Fagaceae - Beech family, oaks
* Juglandaceae - Walnut family
* Myricaceae - Bayberry family
* Nothofagaceae - Southern beech family
* Rhoipteleaceae - Rhoiptelea family
* Ticodendraceae - Ticodendron family
Caricaceae

**Caricaceae** is a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small trees growing to 5–10 m tall; many bear edible fruit.

The family comprises six genera and about 34-35 species:
* *Carica* – one species *Carica papaya* (Papaya), Americas
* *Cylicomorpha* – two species, Africa
* *Horovitzia* – one species, Mexico
* *Jacaratia* – eight species, Americas
* *Jarilla* – three species, Americas
* *Vasconcellea* – 20-21 species, Americas
Pollen

tree. The scales of the cone support microsporangia, which produce a large number of pollen grains]]

**Pollen** is a powder made of pollen grains. They produce sperm cells (male cells used for reproduction) of seed plants. The pollen grains are actually haploid male gametophytes. This is to do with alternation of generations. All plants go through a cycle with a haploid gametophyte alternating with a diploid sporophyte. In the case of flowering plants the gametophyte stage is very small and brief.

## Flowering plants 
### Development of pollen grains 
The anther contains microsporangia. Each microsporangium contains pollen mother cells. These undergo meiosis, and produce pollen grains, which produce the male gametes (sperm).

The pollen is released by the opening of the anther. The pollen is carried by some agent (wind, or some animal) to the surface of the carpel of the same or another flower. This process is known as pollination. After successful pollination, the pollen grain (which is an immature microgametophyte) completes its development by growing a *pollen tube* and undergoing mitosis to produce two male gametes.

### Pollination 
There are two main kinds of pollination. One kind happens when pollen from a stamen sticks to the pistil of the same plant. That is self-pollination.

s help plants. They spread pollen from flower to flower. Other animals that spread pollen are butterflies, birds, and bats.]]

The other kind of pollination takes place when pollen from one plant travels to the pistil of another plant. Most plants use this kind of pollination. Plants need help for this kind of pollination, because they cannot move. So, they need another way to move pollen from one plant to another plant.

Wind moves pollen between plants. The pollen of some plants is very light. Wind blows it from the flowers on one plant to the flowers on another plant. The wind can move pollen a long way before the pollen hits the sticky top of a pistil.

Animals also help move pollen between plants. Many flowers are colourful and their scent attracts some animals. These flowers also make a sweet juice called nectar. Sometimes an animal, such as a bee, sees or smells a flower. Then, it lands on the flower to get nectar. As the bee drinks the nectar, the stamens brush pollen onto its body. Then, the bee flies to another flower that has a pistil. The pollen on the bee's body brushes onto the sticky top of the flower's pistil. The pollen is used as protein for the bee larvae.

The plants help feed the animal. In return, the animal helps the plants by moving pollen from flower to flower. The relationship has evolved together; it is a kind of co-evolution called mutualism or symbiosis.

### Explosive dehiscence 
This is the term for when a rapid plant movement flings seeds away from the plant. In the genus  *Impatiens*, explosive dehiscence is triggered by being touched.

## References
Lamiaceae

**Lamiaceae** or **Labiatae**, also known as the mint family, is a family of plants. It includes about 210 genera and about 3,500 species. It has been considered closely related to Verbenaceae but 1990s phylogenetic studies have shown that a lot of the genera classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae, whereas the core genera of Verbenaceae are not closely related to Lamiaceae and are more closely related to other members of the Lamiales.

## Genera 
## References
Nepeta

***Nepeta*** is a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. 

Some members of this group are known as **catnip** or catmint because of their effect on house cats. The oil in the leaves of some *Nepeta* species gives cats euphoria, that is, it makes them feel good. They get a "high", roll around, and may cry out, jump and behave in an unusual way.

## REferences
Liquorice

**Liquorice** (UK) or **licorice** (US) (see spelling differences) (, or ) is the root of *Glycyrrhiza glabra*, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a legume (related to beans and peas) and native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. It is an herbaceous perennial, growing to 1 m in height, with pinnate leaves about 7–15 centimetres (3–6 inches) long, with 9–17 leaflets. The flowers are 0.8–1.2&nbsp;cm (1/3 to 1/2 inch) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose inflorescence. The fruit is an oblong pod, 2–3 centimetres (about 1 inch) long, containing several seeds.
Cumin

**Cumin** (*Cuminum cyminum*) , sometimes spelled **cummin,** is a flowering plant, native from the east Mediterranean to East India. Its seeds are used in the cuisines of many different cultures. The use of cumin is very common in Indian and Pakistani foods.
Faboideae

emerus*) from *Dictionaire des plantes suisses'' 1853]]
**Faboideae** is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.
,the flowers are not papilionaceous, as shown here in this Amorpha fruticosa.]]
This subfamily is widely distributed and members are adapted to a wide variety of environments. Faboideae may be trees, shrubs or herbs. The flowers are usually papilionaceous and root nodulation is very common. Vetch, Laburnum, and Sweet pea are all members of Faboideae.
Superchunk

**Superchunk** is an American indie rock band.  Superchunk first came together in 1989 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina with Mac McCaughan singing and playing guitar, Laura Balance playing bass, Jack McCook playing guitar and Chuck Garrison playing drums.  The members of the band are now Mac McCaughan, Laura Balance,  Jon Wurster playing drums and Jim Wilbur playing guitar.

Superchunk is well known for their style of loud and fairly simple songs that are about things that happen in ordinary life.

For their self-titled first album, Superchunk was signed to Matador Records.  Starting with their next album, *No Pocky for Kitty*, they have released all of their albums on a label they made themselves called Merge Records.
Semi-automatic

**Semi-automatic** may mean:
* A semi-automatic firearm, a firearm which automatically reloads, but will only fire one round per trigger pull
** Semi-automatic rifle
** Semi-automatic pistol
** Semi-automatic shotgun
* Semi-automatic transmission, a vehicle transmission with no clutch pedal
Semi-automatic firearm

. the first semi-automatic rifle to be generally issued to the infantry in any nation.]]
 Tactical Shotgun in 12 gauge - an example of a semi-automatic shotgun]]
 P99, a semi-automatic pistol from the late 1990s]]

A **semi-automatic**, or **self-loading** firearm is a gun that requires only a trigger pull for each round that is fired, unlike a single-action revolver, a pump-action firearm, a bolt-action firearm, or a lever-action firearm, which require the shooter to manually chamber each successive round.  Also, unlike a double-action revolver, power from one shot is used load the next, instead of using power from pulling the trigger.
Semi-automatic rifle

semi-automatic rifle]]
A **semi-automatic rifle** is a type of rifle that fires a single bullet each time the trigger is pulled, without the need manually to operate a bolt, lever, pump or other firing or loading mechanism. Such a rifle can fire single rounds like this until the firearm's bullets in the cartridges is gone. On the other hand, a *fully* automatic weapon (a machine gun, for example) keeps firing until the trigger is released, and can fire hundreds of shots for every trigger press.

## References
Savory (herb)

***Satureja*** is a genus of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae, related to rosemary and thyme. There are about 30 species called **savories**, of which Summer Savory and Winter Savory are the most important in cultivation.

## Selected species
*]]
* *Satureja acinos*
* *Satureja alpina*
* *Satureja coerulea*
* *Satureja cuneifolia*
* *Satureja douglasii* – Yerba Buena (syn. *S. chamissonis*)
* *Satureja hortensis* – Summer Savory
* *Satureja mexicana*
* *Satureja montana* – Winter Savory
* *Satureja multiflora* – Chilean Shrub Mint
* *Satureja palmeri* (believed extinct; rediscovered 2001)
* *Satureja rumelica*
* *Satureja spicigera*
* *Satureja thymbra*
* *Satureja viminea* – Serpentine Savory
* *Satureja viminea*
* *Satureja vulgaris'' – Wild Basil
Bolt action

s mainly in World War I and World War II.]]
A **bolt action** gun has a breech (back part of the barrel) that is opened and closed by hand with a small handle. They can only be fired once before the breech must be opened for a new round to enter the chamber, where it can then be fired from. Many older sniper rifles, as well as many hunting rifles today, work in this way.

When the bolt is opened, the first  in the gun is loaded.  After firing the gun, opening the bolt takes out the empty cartridge, and closing the bolt puts in a new one. Bolt action rifles are usually the most accurate type of small arms, leading them to be used widely as marksman rifles.  The rifle won't cycle a round without the shooter doing it manually, causing less movement of parts and gases while the round is being fired.  This improves accuracy, but also increases recoil compared to automatic rifles of the same caliber.

Despite being significantly slower to fire than lever-action rifles, which were invented around the same time, militaries across the world chose to replace their muzzleloader muskets with bolt action guns rather than lever action ones, because bolt action rifles are loaded over the barrel.  This allows easier loading by a shooter lying on the ground, without affecting aim.  With lever action guns, on the other hand, the ground is in the way of loading downwards, and to load the gun would mean to throw off the shooter's aim since the gun must be turned sideways.

Famous bolt action rifles include the Springfield M1903, the G98, the Lee-Enfield, and the Mosin-Nagant.
Afghanistan War

The terms **Afghan War** or **War in Afghanistan** may mean:

*Islamic conquest of Afghanistan (637-709)
*Anglo-Afghan Wars:
** First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-1842)
**Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1881)
** Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)
* Panjdeh Incident (1885)
* Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war (1928–1929)
*Afghan Civil War (1978-present):
** Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979-1989) – Soviet involvement 
**Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) – Government collapse
**Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) – Anarchy
**Afghan Civil War (1996-2001) – Taliban period
**War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) – NATO involvement
Diatomic molecules

**Diatomic molecules** are molecules made only of two atoms, of either the same or different chemical elements.
Two atoms are bonded together to form a unit known as a diatomic molecule.

Examples are hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2), and carbon monoxide (CO). 

## References
Galegeae

**Galegeae** is a tribe of the subfamily Faboideae.  The tribe is found mostly in the northern hemisphere, but can also be found in Australia, Africa, and South America.  The type genus is *Galega*. Genetic evidence says it is paraphyletic.

## Classification
* Subtribe Alhagiinae
** *Alhagi* Gagnebin
* Subtribe Astragalinae
** *Astragalus* L.
** *Biserrula* L.
** *Calophaca* Fisch. ex DC.
** *Caragana*  Fabr.
** *Chesneya* Lindl. ex Endl.
** *Gueldenstaedtia* Fisch.
** *Halimodendron* Fisch. ex DC.
** *Oxytropis* DC.
** *Spongiocarpella* Yakovlev & N. Ulziykh.
* Subtribe Coluteinae
** *Clianthus* Sol. ex Lindl.
** *Colutea*  L.
** *Eremosparton* Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
** *Lessertia*  DC.
** *Oreophysa* (Bunge ex Boiss.) Bornm.
** *Smirnowia* Bunge
** *Sphaerophysa* DC.
** *Swainsona* Salisb.
* Subtribe Galeginae
** *Galega* L.
* Subtribe Glycyrrhizinae
** *Glycyrrhiza* L.

## References
Rosemary

**Rosemary** (''*) is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which also includes many other herbs.

## Cultivation
Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use. The following are frequently sold:
**Albus*- white flowers
**Arp*- leaves light green, lemon-scented
**Aureus*- leaves speckled yellow
**Benenden Blue* - leaves narrow, dark green
**Blue Boy* - dwarf, small leaves
**Golden Rain* - leaves green, with yellow streaks
**Irene* - lax, trailing
**Lockwood de Forest* - procumbent selection from *Tuscan Blue*
**Ken Taylor* - shrubby
**Majorica Pink* - pink flowers
**Miss Jessop's Upright* - tall, erect
**Pinkie* - pink flowers
**Prostratus*
**Pyramidalis* (a.k.a *Erectus*) - pale blue flowers
**Roseus* - pink flowers
**Salem* - pale blue flowers, cold hardy similar to Arp
**Severn Sea* - spreading, low-growing, with arching branches; flowers deep violet
**Tuscan Blue'' - upright

## Images 

Image:Rosemary white bg.jpg|Rosemary Sprig
Image:ChristianBauer flowering rosemary.jpg|Flower
Image:Rosemary.jpg|A rosemary bush with many flowers
Image:Rosemary 'Irene' leaves.jpg|Leaves, the brighter side is the underside, and some have parts of young shoots or old stem attached
Image:Rosemary 'Irene'.jpg|A shoot of the cultivar 'Irene'
Image:Rosmarinus officinalis.jpg|A Rosemary bush at Longwood Gardens
Image:Koeh-258.jpg|From Koehler's Medicinal Plants, 1887
Image:Rosemary potatoes.jpg|Rosemary potatoes
File:Rosmarinus officinalis MHNT.BOT.2008.1.19.jpg|Rosmarinus officinalis - Museum specimen
File:Rosemary (রোজমেরী).JPG
Salvia rosmarinus MHNT.BOT.2023.13.45.jpg|*Salvia rosmarinus* - Museum specimen - wood
Fragile Future

***Fragile Future*** is the third studio album by Hawthorne Heights. It was released in 2008. It was their first album without Casey Calvert, because he died in late 2007. Casey was the backing vocalist who used death growls in the songs. This album has no death growls or harsh vocals at all because the band decided not to replace Casey with a new person who could do death growls.

Hawthorne Heights did not have a lot of success on the singles, but it was seen as a new start for the band.

While much of the album was inspired by things that had been happening to the band, it never says the words "Casey" or "Victory Records"

The album art includes a picture of Casey Calvert near a lamppost.

## Track listing
# "The Business of Paper Stars" – 3:47
# "Rescue Me" – 3:08
# "Until the Judgement Day" – 3:45
# "Somewhere in Between" – 3:22
# "Sugar in the Engine" – 4:29
# "Desperation" – 3:28
# "Four Become One" – 3:55
# "321" – 3:40
# "Disaster" – 3:01
# "Let Go of Everything You Know" – 3:25
# "Corps of Corpses" – 3:12
# "Come Back Home (Reprised)" – 4:11

## References
Angelica archangelica

**Angelica archangelica** (syn. *Archangelica officinalis* Hoffm., *Archangelica officinalis* var. *himalaica* C.B.Clarke, *Angelica sativa* Mill.) commonly known as **Garden angelica** is a biennial plant from the umbelliferous family Apiaceae. Other English names are Holy Ghost, Wild Celery, and Norwegian angelica.  

People can eat the stem and roots.  It looks very similar to some poisonous species (*Conium*, *Heracleum*, and others).  Because of this it is important to know for certain it is garden angelica before eating it.

During its first year it only grows leaves.  The flowers blossom in July.  There are many small flowers that are yellowish or greenish in colour.

It grows wild in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Greenland, the Faroe Islands and Iceland, mostly in the northern parts of the countries.

From the 10th century on, angelica was grown as a vegetable and medicinal plant.  It is used to flavour liqueurs or aquavits, omelettes, trout and jam. The long bright green stems are also candied and used as decoration.

## References
## Other websites 
* GRIN: *Angelica archangelica*
Glycyrrhiza

***Glycyrrhiza*** is a genus of about 18 species in the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae). It is found in Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Americas. It is best known for liquorice (British English; licorice in American English), which is the product of *G. glabra*, a species from the Mediterranean region. Very little *G. glabra* is grown in North America, but American Licorice *G. lepidota* is a common native species there. Russian Liquorice (*G. echinata*) and Chinese Liquorice (*G. uralensis*, Chinese: *gāncǎo*, 甘草 lit. "sweet grass" or "sweet herb") are also grown, the latter being important in traditional Chinese medicine.

Species include:
**Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa*
**Glycyrrhiza aspera*
**Glycyrrhiza astragalina*
**Glycyrrhiza bucharica*
**Glycyrrhiza echinata* - Russian liquorice
**Glycyrrhiza eglandulosa*
**Glycyrrhiza foetida*
**Glycyrrhiza foetidissima*
**Glycyrrhiza glabra* - liquorice, licorice
**Glycyrrhiza gontscharovii*
**Glycyrrhiza iconica*
**Glycyrrhiza korshinskyi*
**Glycyrrhiza lepidota* - American licorice
**Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora*
**Glycyrrhiza squamulosa*
**Glycyrrhiza triphylla*
**Glycyrrhiza uralensis* - Chinese liquorice
**Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis*
Trigger

**Trigger** may mean:
* Trigger (firearms), a mechanism that actuates the firing of firearms
* Trigger pad, a device used in electronic percussion
* USS *Trigger* (SS-237), a submarine
* USS *Trigger* (SS-564), a submarine
* Trigger (horse), owned by cowboy star Roy Rogers.
* Trigger (guitar), the Martin N-20 guitar played by Willie Nelson.
* Trigger (Only Fools and Horses), a fictional character from the BBC sit-com *Only Fools and Horses*

In **psychology** and **ethology**:
*An event which starts other events, or  a . See also *releaser*.

In **computing**:
* Trigger function in event-driven programming
* Database trigger, procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table in a database
* *Trigger* circuit, IBM's name for a flip-flop.

In **physics**:
* Trigger (particle physics), hardware or software based device for the (online-)selection of specific event classes from large datasets (see also: ATLAS trigger system)

In **music**:
* *Trigger* (EP), an EP by the Swedish band In Flames
* "Trigger", a bonus song by The Rasmus from their 2005 album *Hide from the Sun*
Dundalk

**Dundalk** () is a town in County Louth, Republic of Ireland, near the border with Northern Ireland. It takes its name from , "Dalga's fort" and officially became a town in 1189. It is located at a ford on the Castletown River. The town's crest reads "Mé do rug Cú Chulainn Cróga"  (I gave birth to brave Cú Chulainn)
Dundalk is twinned with the town of Rezé in France.

Dundalk has a large population of 39,004 inhabitants.http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_volume_1_pop_classified_by_area.pdf  In 2003, Dundalk was amongst nine cities and towns to be given "Gateway status" in the Irish Government's "National Spatial Strategy". "Gateway towns" will be the first to get funding for improving their towns.

## References 
## Other websites
County Louth

]]
**County Louth** () is a county on the east coast of Ireland, on the border with Northern Ireland.

The county town is Dundalk, which is also the second largest town in Louth. Most people that live in Louth live in the two biggest towns, Dundalk and Drogheda. The 2006 Census showed that Dundalk and Drogheda as not only the largest towns in the Louth, but also the second and third largest towns in Ireland.

Louth is nicknamed "the Wee County" because it is the smallest county in Ireland ("wee" means small).

## Where the name comes from
The old Irish name of the county **Lughbhaidh** comes from the place where people worshipped  the Celtic god  whose festival was celebrated at .

The name is now spelled as **An Lú**. This is just the modern way of spelling **Lughbhaidh**. 'Lú' means 'small' in Irish, but this is not where the name comes from.

## History
The history of Louth goes back a long time. Before people wrote down histories and dates, a famous Irish story is supposed to have happened in Louth. It is called the Táin Bó Cúailnge. In this story, a famous warrior called Cúchulainn fights a whole army by himself to protect a brown bull from being stolen.

There are some old monasteries in the county including Monasterboice and Mellifont Abbey

In the fourteenth century the Scottish army of Edward Bruce lost the Battle of Faughart near Dundalk. Edward was killed in the battle. Oliver Cromwell attacked Drogheda in 1649 killing the Royalist garrison (Siege of Drogheda).

## Places in County Louth
### Towns
*Ardee
*Drogheda
*Dundalk
*Dunleer
*Greenore

## References
## Other websites
*Omeath Online - Official Site of Omeath, Co. Louth 
*Carlingford Online - Carlingford Local and Tourist Site 
*Dunleer Parish
*Louth Local Authorities
*Drogheda Tourism - Official Site of the Drogheda Tourist Office
Robot Chicken

***Robot Chicken*** is an American sketch comedy adult stop-motion animated sitcom television series. It is shown on a part of Cartoon Network called *Adult Swim*. It was created by Seth Green and Matthew Senreich.

## References
Victor Hammer (businessman)

**Victor J. Hammer** (November 1, 1901 – July 21, 1985) was a businessman, founder and owner of the Hammer Galleries in New York City. He was the younger brother of Armand Hammer.

Victor attended Princeton University, where he graduated in 1921 with a degree in Art History.

Victor was business partner to his brother Armand Hammer on several business ventures, including Hammer Galleries in New York City, founded in 1928 as a way to funnel profits made in Soviet Russia out of that country.  At one point, British Intelligence believed Hammer Galleries was a front for Soviet Intelligence.  The Hammer brothers had been in contact with Soviet authorities for a number of reasons, such as famine relief as well as when the Soviets sought a buyer for the treasures of the Hermitage as a way to earn hard currency.  Victor was responsible for acquisitions for Hammer Galleries, including the so-called Romanov Treasures and Fabergé eggs.  In 1937, Time Magazine described Victor and Armand as "Two of the most startling characters in the U. S. art world are the Brothers Armand and Victor Hammer, one with a medical degree, both friends of Soviet Russia.".

Victor Hammer was a prolific philanthropist. He, along with his brothers Harry and Armand, purchased Campobello Island and donated it to the US and Canada as the countries' first joint park, known as Roosevelt Campobello International Park

## References
## Other websites
* Hammer Galleries, New York City
The Sun (United Kingdom)

**The Sun** is a tabloid daily newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland. By circulation it is the eighth largest newspaper in any language in the world. It is published by News Group Newspapers of News International, itself a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. The Sun has many different categories, for example, Sport.

There is also a Scottish (*The Scottish Sun*), Irish (*The Irish Sun*), American (*The U.S. Sun*), and Nigerian (The Sun Nigeria) edition.
Bangladesh Nationalist Party

**The Bangladesh Nationalist Party** (BNP) is a major political party in Bangladesh, founded in 1978 by Ziaur Rahman. After Rahman's assassination in 1981, Khaleda Zia led the party until her death in 2025. Currently, Tarique Rahman, their son, serves the party chairman.

## References
Apiaceae

**Umbellifers** (**Umbelliferae**/**Apiaceae**) are angiosperms including cumin, parsley, carrot, coriander/cilantro, dill, caraway, fennel, parsnip, celery, anise, and other relatives. It is a large family with about 300 genera and more than 3,000 species. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,700 species in 434 genera. There are a small number of poisonous plants.  Hemlock has a paralysing effect. There are a lot of phototoxic species. Light causes changes which produce toxic chemicals. Phototoxicity causes a chemically induced skin irritation. It needs light, and does not involve the immune system. It is a type of photosensitivity.

## Flower format 
The defining characteristic of the family is the inflorescence. The flowers usually grouped in terminal umbels, as shown in the photograph. They are usually compound, and called umbelliform cymes. They are groups of groups.

## Taxonomy 
It was first described by John Lindley in 1836. 

### Genera 
This genus has many species. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website had an "approximate list" of 446 genera. 
 flowers.]]

## References