open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Arthur County, Nebraska

**Arthur County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 434 people lived there. The county seat is the village of Arthur. It was founded in 1913.

## References
Bent Lorentzen

**Bent Lorentzen** (11 February 1935 – 3 October 2018) was a Danish composer. He was born in Djursland, Denmark. He was one of the outstanding figures in contemporary Danish music. In 1970, he was awarded the *Prix Italia*. He was named Choral Composer of the Year in Denmark in 1989.

Lorentzen was one of the earliest composers in the field of Danish electronic music such as *The Bottomless Pit* in 1972 for the *Nordic Music Days* in Oslo, and *Visions 1978*. His last opera * Der Steppenwolf* was shown in 2016.

Lorentzen died on 3 October 2018 in Copenhagen from lymphoma at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
* Article by Anders Beyer about Bent Lorentzen and a list of his works at Edition S
* Selection of recordings by Bent Lorentzen at Naxos America 
* Biography and recordings of Bent Lorentzen by Dacapo Records
Yamhill County, Oregon

**Yamhill County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,722. The county seat is McMinnville. 

## References
Imperial crest of Japan

The **imperial crest of Japan**, usually called the '***, **** or ****, and sometimes the **imperial seal*', is the crest (mon) used by emperor of Japan and members of the Imperial family. The significance related to this symbol comes from its representation. The chrysanthemum is used to represent the emperor as the symbol of the country and the unity of the people. The imperial crest is also used to distinguish the imperial family from the other classes of people in Japan. The flower represents longevity, rejuvenation and royalty; this is why Emperor Go-Toba chose to represent himself with the flower back in the 13th century.
Ivar Odnes

**Ivar Odnes** (25 May 1963 – 5 October 2018) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. He was a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oppland during the term 2013&ndash;2017. He was born in Østre Toten and was from 2011 the deputy county mayor of Oppland.

Odnes died of pancreatic cancer on 5 October 2018 in Oslo at the age of 55.

## References
Jimmy Duquennoy

**Jimmy Duquennoy** (9 June 1995 – 5 October 2018) was a Belgian cyclist. He rode for WB Aqua Protect Veranclassic. He was born in Tournai, Belgium.

Duquennoy died at age 23 after suffering cardiac arrest at his home in Wez-Velvain, Belgium.

## References
Eef Brouwers

**Evert (Eef) Brouwers** (9 March 1939 – 6 October 2018) was a Dutch journalist and spokesman. He was born in Zwolle, Netherlands. He worked as a news presenter at Regionale Omroep Noord en Oost, AVRO, NOS Studio Sport, NOS and NOS Journaal. From 1977–1983 he was editor in chief of the Northern Dutch regional journal Nieuwsblad van het Noorden.

In 1995 he made a career move to become director-general of the Dutch information service *Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst*, a position he had until January 1, 2004.

Brouwers died on 6 October 2018 in The Hague from colorectal cancer at the age 79.

## References
## Other websites
* Communication, Eef Brouwers
* De Volkskrant, personal about Eef Brouwers
* Interview with Eef Brouwers
Efrem Zimbalist

**Efrem Zimbalist** may refer to:

*Efrem Zimbalist, Sr. (1889 or 1890–1985), Russian-American violinist, composer, teacher and conductor, father of Efrem Zimbalist, Jr.
*Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. (1918–2014), American actor, son of Efrem Zimbalist, Sr.
*Efrem Winters, full name Efrem Zimbalist Winters, American college basketball player
*Efrem Zimbalist Stringfellow, University of Illinois track & field athlete
Jamal Khashoggi

**Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi** (13 October 1958 – 2 October 2018) was a Saudi Arabian journalist and *Washington Post* columnist, famous for his critical opinions on his country's government and gained international attention following his controversial disappearance and murder in 2018.

After finishing university at Indiana State University in the United States, Khashoggi returned home to Saudi Arabia and became a journalist for various newspapers. In his articles, he promoted democracy, women’s and human rights, and reforms leading to disagreements with the religious and political elites. Jamal Khashoggi fled to the US to continue expressing his opinion. In preparation for his planned marriage, he travelled to Istanbul to get the required paperwork  at the Saudi consulate. After entering the Saudi consulate, Jamal Khashoggi was killed, likely on orders of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman.

## Journalistic Career 
After finishing primary and secondary education in Saudi Arabia, Khashoggi obtained a bachelor's degree in Business Administration at Indiana State University. Between 1987 and 1999, Khashoggi worked for Alsharq Alawsat, Arab News and Al Hayat. He then became advisor to the Saudi ambassador to the United Kingdom, Prince Turki Al-Faisal.

## Political Views 
Jamal Khashoggi's job as a journalist made him document the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the first Gulf War between 1979 and 1991. He thought that giving everyone their political and civil rights could help solve problems like war and instability in the Arab world. After expressing his opinion became impossible in Saudi Arabia, he fled to the United States 

## Assassination 
On October 2, Khashoggi travelled to Türkiye with his fiancée, Hatice Cengiz, to get the paperwork for their marriage finalised. Previously, officials from the Saudi Embassy in Washington told him to pick up the necessary documents there. and killed inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. 

On 15 October, an inspection of the consulate, by both Saudi Arabian and Turkish officials took place and found evidence that supported the belief that Khashoggi was killed. 

## Consequences of the Murder 
Initially, the Saudi government denied any involvement in the murder arguing Khashoggi had left the Consulate after the meeting. 17 days after Khashoggi disappeared, the Saudi government admitted that their officials were involved in the murder. Khashoggi was 49 years old when he died. 

In trials that happened behind closed doors, the Saudi Arabian government found eight people guilty of the murder, five of whom were given the death penalty but were later pardoned by the Saudi government.

Even though there was good proof that the Crown Prince himself ordered the murder, the United States and European states did not punish Saudi Arabia severely. He was honoured for his journalism work together with other journalists who have lost their lives because of their work.

## References
Louie Louie

"**Louie Louie**" is a rhythm and blues song written by Richard Berry in 1955 and best known for the 1963 hit version by The Kingsmen. It is a rock standard. "Louie Louie" tells, in simple verse–chorus form, the first-person story of a Jamaican sailor returning to the island to see his lady love.

The Kingsmen's cover recording was the subject of an FBI investigation about the supposed but nonexistent obscenity of the lyrics, an investigation that ended without prosecution.  Ironically, the recording notably includes the drummer yelling "Fuck!" after dropping his drumstick at the 0:54 mark.

While the Kingsmen's version did not top the *Billboard* chart, it did reach #1 on *Cashbox* for two weeks, and it was the last #1 before Beatlemania hit the United States with "I Want to Hold Your Hand".  The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" is considered the epitome of garage rock and is often considered one of the greatest rock songs of all time.
White Rabbit (song)

in 1976]]
"**White Rabbit**" is a song written by Grace Slick and recorded by the American rock band Jefferson Airplane for their 1967 album *Surrealistic Pillow*.  The song is notable for its opening bassline played by Jack Casady, its bolero-type form, and for its drug references, which are believed to be the first of their kind to make it past radio censorship. 

The song is influenced by *Alice in Wonderland*.  It is notably used in the movie *Platoon* (not to be confused with the film's theme, which is *Adagio for Strings*). The song often appears on critics' lists of the greatest songs of all time, and at 2:31, it is often one of the shortest songs in length on these lists.
Red supergiant

is a red supergiant star.]]
A **red supergiant (RSG)** is a larger and brighter type of red giant star. Red supergiants are often variable stars. They are between 100 to 1,600 times bigger than the Sun. Examples of a red supergiant star include Antares, 119 Tauri, Betelgeuse, Epsilon Pegasi, and VV Cephei A. Most red supergiant stars explode as supernovae. Some of the brightest become Wolf-Rayet stars before they explode. 

Red supergiants are stars are some of the brightest stars. They are also the largest stars in the universe. Betelgeuse and Antares are the brightest and best known red supergiants. They are also the only first magnitude red supergiant stars.

## References
2018 Haiti earthquake

On October 6, 2018, at approximately 19:11, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake struck 19 km northwest of Port-de-Paix, Haiti. The earthquake killed at least 12 people, and shaking was felt as far away as Port-au-Prince.

The earthquake was the strongest to hit Haiti since January 12, 2010.

## References
United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement

The **United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement** (**USMCA**; Spanish: *Acuerdo Estados Unidos-México-Canadá*, **AEUMC**; French: *Accord États-Unis-Mexique-Canada*, **AÉUMC**) is a free trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States, replacing the previous North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It is the result of the 2017–2018 renegotiation of NAFTA by its member states, which informally agreed to the terms on September 30, 2018, and formally on October 1. The agreement came into effect on July 1, 2020.

Compared to NAFTA, the agreement gives the U.S. more access to Canada's $19 billion dairy market, more domestic production of cars and trucks, increases environmental and labor regulations, and introduces updated intellectual property protections.

## References
Oleg Pavlov

**Oleg Pavlov** (; 16 March 1970 &ndash; 7 October 2018) was a Russian novelist. From Moscow, he was the winner of the Russian Booker Prize. Pavlov went on to win the Prize in 2002 with his next book, the second novel in what would become the trilogy *Tales from the Last Days*.

His first novel, *Captain of the Steppe*, has been translated into English and published by And Other Stories in 2013.

In his 2003 book "The Russian Man in the 20th Century", he wrote about Russian life, not only based on his personal experience.

Pavlov died in Moscow on 7 October 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 48.

## References
## Other websites
* Oleg Pavlov's official site
Imperial China

**Imperial China** is a period of Chinese history. It lasted over 2,000 years. It began with Qin Shi Huang's uniting of China under the Qin dynasty in 221 BC. It ended with the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1911. Throughout this period, many features of Chinese civilization spread throughout all of China. These included Confucianism, standardized testing, standardized weights and counting systems, trade routes, and Chinese characters. China became known worldwide for all these features. 

Throughout this period, China had been ruled by many different dynasties, or ruling family lines. They included the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan/Mongol, Ming, and Qing/Manchu dynasties. There were also several periods where China had been ruled by several different kingdoms.

Throughout most of Imperial China, China had been ruled by emperors and empresses who were Han Chinese. However, there were some dynasties where the ruling class was made of Chinese minority groups, such as the Yuan and Qing dynasties. They were ruled by the Mongols and Manchus in that same order.
Quentin Kenihan

**Quentin Evan Kenihan** (27 February 1975 – 6 October 2018) was an Australian disability activist, politician, comedian and actor. He was born with osteogenesis imperfecta, a bone disease in Box Hill, Victoria. He later was the host of a Ten Network television show *Quentin Crashes*. In 2016, Kenihan was interviewed by Ray Martin in a notable interview that helped Kenihan's recognition. He was best known for his role in *Mad Max: Fury Road* in the role of Corpus Colossus. 

Kenihan was nominated as a councillor candidate for Adelaide at the elections on 9 November 2018.

Kenihan died on 6 October 2018 in Adelaide, South Australia from an asthma attack, aged 43.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*
Standardized test

A **standardized test** is a test that is done and scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner. Standardized tests are designed so that everything about them are standard. They are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner.

Often they are used as a test to join an institution or gain a license of some sort. The grading system is the same no matter where they are taken. They can be used for university entry, like the SAT and ACT in the United States or the Gaokao in the People's Republic of China (PRC). They can be used a requirement to get a job, like the LSAT for lawyers.

In the United States the term is often used for the multiple-choice questions used in the educational system. They are thought by some to be a poor way to measure educational progress. They are, however, convenient and cheap. Marking does not require expertise in the subject-matter.

Many psychological tests are designed to be standardized. They are designed to be "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior".

The first known standardized test was in Imperial China, when Empress Wu allowed anyone who passed the test to be a government official based on their merit rather than birthright, meaning that people work to become leaders rather than being born into leadership. However, we do not know the details of this system.

## Related pages 
* Evaluation
* Psychometrics
* Test (assessment)

## References
Plot hole

In fiction, a **plot hole** is a part of a story that goes against something that has already been stated. These may include events that should not happen according for in-universe reasons, events that seem unlikely or events that contradict earlier events in the narrative.

The term can also be used to describe a situation that has not been resolved by the end of the plot, even though there will be no continuing story.

## Related pages 
* Plot (narrative)
* Continuity
* Deus ex machina
La Brabançonne

**La Brabançonne** (; , ; "The Brabantian") is the national anthem of Belgium. It was written by Frenchman Alexandre Dechet. It currently has official lyrics in Belgium's three official languages- French, Dutch, and German. Before the main song, "Vive la Belgique" is said in French.

## Lyrics 
### Modern lyrics 
### Trilingual version 
## References
Unai Emery

**Unai Emery Etxegoien** (; born 3 November 1971) is a Spanish football manager and former player. He currently is the manager of Premier League club Aston Villa.

## References
Hurricane Michael

**Hurricane Michael** was an Atlantic tropical cyclone. The storm threatened Cuba, northwestern Florida, Georgia and southern Alabama. It was the 13th named storm, seventh hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the first Category 5 hurricane and the strongest on record to impact the Florida Panhandle, and was the fourth-strongest landfilling hurricane in the United States in terms of wind speed. As Michael became a Category 5 hurricane, the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season became a third consecutive season to feature at least one Category 5 hurricane since Matthew in 2016 and Irma in 2017; this also makes Michael the third straight "M" name to feature as a Category 5 hurricane since Matthew in 2016 and Maria in 2017 as well.

The storm passed near western Cuba on October 7-8.

The storm led to six deaths in Honduras, four in Nicaragua and three in El Salvador.

Michael became a major hurricane on Tuesday, October 9, 2018.

The storm struck near Mexico Beach, Florida in the Florida Panhandle as a borderline Category 5 hurricane, which makes it the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in the United States as a Category 5 hurricane since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. It had a wind speed of 160 mph and a central pressure of 919 millibars. It was originally designated as a high-end Category 4 hurricane with wind speed of 155 mph, but from post-analysis, it was indeed a Category 5 hurricane as originally thought. It was said to be the strongest hurricane to hit Florida since Andrew in 1992 in terms of pressure which it had a central pressure of 922 millibars. It was also the strongest hurricane to hit the United States in terms of pressure since Hurricane Camille in 1969, which had a pressure of 900 millibars.

## Retirement 
On March 20, 2019, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name *Michael* due to extreme and very expensive damage it caused along its track, particularly in the Florida Panhandle and southwest Georgia, and it will never again be used for another Atlantic hurricane. It will be replaced with *Milton* for the 2024 season. 

## References
Paul Romer

**Paul Michael Romer** (born November 7, 1955) is an American economist. He is known for creating the endogenous growth theory. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2018 alongside William Nordhaus. He was Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of the World Bank until he resigned in January 2018. He had been on leave from his position as professor of economics at the Stern School of Business at New York University.  His father is former Governor of Colorado Roy Romer.

## References
Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103

of the Far East Air Transport Flight 103 accident]]
**Far East Air Transport Flight 103**, a Boeing 737-200, registration B-2603, left Taipei Songshan Airport for Kaohsiung on 22 August 1981. The aircraft exploded fourteen minutes after takeoff and disintegrated.

## Summary 
The aircraft had previously lost cabin pressure on 5 August. Earlier on the day of the crash it had departed Songshan Airport but the crew aborted the flight ten minutes later for the same reason. After repairs were made the aircraft departed Songshan Airport again and broke up shortly afterward.

## Cause 
There was early speculation that the crash was caused by a bomb. An investigation by the Republic of China Civil Aeronautics Board concluded that severe corrosion led to a pressure hull rupture. The severe corrosion was due to the many pressurization flight cycles the aircraft had experienced. The cracks produced were probably undetected. and two Americans) died.  The accident was Taiwan's worst air disaster at the time, but is now the second-worst, behind China Airlines Flight 676.

## Related pages
* Aloha Airlines Flight 243
* China Airlines Flight 611
* Japan Airlines Flight 123

## References
* UK CAA Document CAA 429 World Airline Accident Summary (ICAO Summary 4/76)

## Other websites
*
Story of the Year discography

The discography for American rock band Story of the Year consists of 8 studio albums.

## Albums
### Studio albums
## References
Platoon (movie)

***Platoon*** is a 1986 American war movie written and directed by Oliver Stone and produced by Arnold Kopelson. It stars Tom Berenger, Willem Dafoe, Charlie Sheen, Keith David, John C. McGinley, Forest Whitaker and Johnny Depp. 

It is the first movie of a trilogy of Vietnam War movies directed by Stone, followed by *Born on the Fourth of July* (1989) and *Heaven & Earth* (1993).

*Platoon* was the first Hollywood movie to be written and directed by a veteran of the Vietnam War.

*Platoon* won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1986; it also won Best Director for Oliver Stone, as well as Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing.

## References
William Nordhaus

**William Dawbney Nordhaus** (born May 31, 1941) is an American economist of Jewish descent and professor at Yale University. He was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Nordhaus is best known for his work in economic modelling and climate change. He is, together with Paul Romer, the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner. He won the award "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis".

## References
Hamilton Mourão

**Antônio Hamilton Martins Mourão** (born 15 August 1953) is a Brazilian politician and retired Army General who is the Senator for Rio Grande do Sul since 2023. He was the Vice President of Brazil from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2022. He held the highest post a Brazilian soldier can reach during peace time.  He is also the son of General Antônio Hamilton Mourão and Wanda Coronel Martins. He retired from the military on February 28, 2018. Mourão is the first indigenous person who became vice president.

On May 8, 2018, Mourão announced his membership of the Brazilian Labor Renewal Party (PRTB), and his plans to run for President of Brazil. However, in August of 2018, Mourão became the running mate of right-wing Presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro. They won the second round of the election on 28 October 2018.

Mourão is a controversial person mainly because of his support of the country's 1964–1985 military dictatorship. He has also disagreed with Bolsonaro publicly on many issues. This have led to calls for impeachment from Bolsonaro-supporting members of Congress. Many believe he may not be chosen as Bolsonaro's running-mate in the 2022 election. In June 2022, Bolsonaro picked Walter Souza Braga Netto as his 2022 running mate.

## References
Arnold Kopelson

**Arnold Kopelson** (February 14, 1935 – October 8, 2018) was an American movie producer. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was known for his works in *Platoon*, *Seven*, *Outbreak*, *The Fugitive* and ''The Devil's Advocate''.

Kopelson died at his home in Beverly Hills, California on October 8, 2018, aged 83.

## References
## Other websites
*
James Wolfensohn

**James David Wolfensohn**, KBE, AO (1 December 1933 &ndash; 25 November 2020) was an Australian-American lawyer, investment banker and economist. He was the ninth president of the World Bank Group from 1995 to 2005.

Wolfensohn died in New York City on 25 November 2020 from pneumonia-related problems, aged 87.

## References
Gates, Tennessee

**Gates** is a town in Lauderdale County, Tennessee. The population was 647 at the 2010 census and 664 at the 2020 census. Gates is located at  (35.839253, -89.407058). Memphis lies about  to the southwest.  

## References
2018 Schoharie, New York limousine crash

In the early afternoon of October 6, 2018, a limousine crashed at the New York state routes 30 and 30A north of Schoharie,  west of Albany. The crash killed 20 people: the driver, all 17 passengers, and two pedestrians who were in a nearby parking lot.

It is the worst transportation-related disaster in both the state and the nation since a plane crashed into a house outside Buffalo in 2009, killing 50. It is also the deadliest road transportation disaster in the U.S. since 2005.

The passengers were a group of young adults who were on their way to celebrate one member's 30th birthday at a local winery. Among them were four sisters and two recently married couples. Investigation of the crash has revealed some safety issues with the limousine and driver.

## References
Schoharie, New York

**Schoharie**  is a town in Schoharie County, New York.  The population was 3,107 at the 2020 census. It was first explored by Germans in the 1710s.

On October 6, 2018, a limousine crashed in Schoharie, killing 20 people.

## References
Trump Tower

**Trump Tower** is a 58-story,  mixed-use skyscraper at 721–725 Fifth Avenue between 56th and 57th Streets in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Trump Tower serves as the headquarters for The Trump Organization. It is named after and owned by U.S. President-elect Donald Trump.

## References
Cabo Daciolo

**Benevenuto Daciolo Fonseca dos Santos** (born 30 March 1976), known as **Cabo Daciolo** (**Corporal Daciolo** in English), is a Brazilian military firefighter and politician. He was born in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. He is a member of Patriota (PATRI). In 2014, he was elected federal deputy from Rio de Janeiro. He wa expelled from PSOL in 2015. 

On 28 March 2018, he was chosen by Patriota as pre-candidate for President of Brazil in the 2018 general election.

## References
George Taliaferro

**George Taliaferro** (January 8, 1927 – October 8, 2018) was a professional American football player. He was the first African American drafted by a National Football League team. He was born in Gates, Tennessee, but raised in Gary, Indiana.

Taliaferro played for the NFL for the New York Yanks from 1950 to 1951, the Dallas Texans in 1952, the Baltimore Colts from 1953 to 1954, and Philadelphia Eagles in 1955.

Taliaferro was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981.

Taliaferro died at the age of 91 on October 8, 2018 in Mason, Ohio from heart failure. He also had Alzheimer’s disease.

## References
## Other websites
* "Indiana Legends: George Taliaferro", Indiana University
Psychological test

**Psychological testing** of the modern type started about 150 years ago. Francis Galton  (1822–1911)  invented  the  first tests. The American   psychologist James Cattell (1860–1944) studied with Galton and then, in 1890, published a classic paper *Mental Tests and Measurements*.

The definition of a psychological test is "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior". The kind of tests which were developed included:
*Intelligence tests: how well a person solves problems.
*Aptitude tests: how well a person is suited to a particular task or role.
*Personality tests: what kind of person an individual is.

Psychologists who give these tests have training and qualifications which tell the employer that they are certified to give the tests and assess (understand) the results.

## References
José Maria Eymael

**José Maria Eymael** (born 2 November 1939) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and businessman. He is the founder of the Democracia Cristã (DC), known in English as the Christian Democracy. He was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.

In 1985 Eymael was a candidate for mayor of São Paulo, but lost the election. In 1986 and again in 1990, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil, the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. He ran again for mayor of São Paulo in 1992 but lost again.

He unsuccessfully ran for President of Brazil in the 2018 election and 2022 election under the Christian Democracy party.

## References
Meng Hongwei

**Meng Hongwei** (; born November 1953) is a Chinese former politician. He was the President of Interpol from 2016 to 2018. 

Interpol received Meng's letter of resignation after he was arrested by Chinese authorities in October 2018. He is accused of taking bribes. He was Vice-Minister of Public Security in China from 2004 until his arrest.

## References
Grasslands National Park

**Grasslands National Park** () is a national park in Canada. It is near the village of Val Marie, Saskatchewan. It is the second national park of Canada that was created in Saskatchewan. The park is next to the border between Canada and the United States. It is next to the state of Montana. More than 18 000 people visit the park every year. The park is also a dark-sky preserve. Grasslands National Park is the darkest dark-sky preserve in Canada. It is also one of the darkest in the world.

Grasslands National Park also has a lot of fossils. It has many fossils that can't be found in other parts of Canada. Some of the fossils come from the Miocene Era.

## History
Before the 1950s, the First Nations people of Canada lived in the park. They hunted animals in the park.

In 1981, the governments of Saskatchewan and Canada signed an agreement. This would make sure that a park would be created. After the agreement was signed, Parks Canada bought two ranches. These ranches were near the Frenchman River and were . In 1988, many organisations came together to add to the 1981 agreement. This would make it so that Grasslands National Park would be created. The plan for the park would be that it would be around . This was important because many of the bison in Canada were killed in the 1800s. It was the first time that plains bison were on the shortgrass prairies of Canada since the 1890s. 71 bison were first moved to the park. Nine years later, in 2015, there were 310 bison. There are now plains bison at other national parks in Canada.

The park became a dark-sky preserve in 2009. This was during the International Year of Astronomy. The park was chosen by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. In 2009, Parks Canada also added black-footed ferrets back to the park. They added 34 ferrets. People thought that the black-footed ferret was extinct. This is because the last time they were seen was in 1937 in Saskatchewan. Scientists from the United States began working on bringing them back to the wild. When Parks Canada added black-footed ferrets back to Grasslands National Park, there were already ferrets that were being added to places in the United States and Mexico. The scientists were working to bring back the black-footed ferret for many years. The people working at Parks Canada were working on bringing them back for many years.

## Geography
The park is divided into two parts. The west park of the park (called the West Block) is in Division No. 4, Saskatchewan. The West Block has the Frenchman River valley. They also have a herd of 300 plains bison and many prairie dog colonies. The Frenchman Valley Campground lets visitors use camping sites and teepees. Backcountry camping is also allowed in the West Block. The east part of the park (called the East Block) is in Division No. 3, Saskatchewan. Visitors to the East Block can see views of the badlands and see the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary in the rock.

## References
## Other websites
*
Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit

***Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit*** is a 1993 American musical-comedy movie loosely based on the life of Crenshaw High School choir instructor Iris Stevenson, and starring Whoopi Goldberg. Directed by Bill Duke, and released by Touchstone Pictures, it is the sequel to the successful 1992 movie *Sister Act*. Most of the original cast reprise their roles in the sequel, including Maggie Smith, Kathy Najimy, Wendy Makkena, and Mary Wickes.

## Cast 
* Whoopi Goldberg - Deloris Van Cartier / Sister Mary Clarence
* Kathy Najimy - Sister Mary Patrick
* Barnard Hughes - Father Maurice
* Mary Wickes - Sister Mary Lazarus
* James Coburn - Mr. Crisp
* Michael Jeter - Father Ignatius
* Wendy Makkena - Sister Mary Robert
* Sheryl Lee Ralph - Florence Watson
* Robert Pastorelli - Joey Bustamente
* Thomas Gottschalk - Father Wolfgang
* Maggie Smith - Reverend Mother
* Lauryn Hill - Rita Louise Watson
* Brad Sullivan - Father Thomas
* Alanna Ubach - Maria
* Ryan Toby - Ahmal
* Ron Johnson - Sketch
* Jennifer Love Hewitt - Margaret
Anne Osborn Krueger

**Anne Osborn Krueger** (; born February 12, 1934) is an American economist.  She was the World Bank Chief Economist from 1982 to 1986, and the first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2001 to 2006. She is currently professor of international economics at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, D.C..

## References
## Other websites
* Johns Hopkins University SAIS Faculty Website
* Anne O. Krueger, Biographical Information, copyrighted by the International Monetary Fund http://www.imf.org/external/np/omd/bios/ak.htm A, used under fair use; see http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/rights.htm
* Anne O. Krueger Trade Policy and Economic Development: How We Learn *The American Economic Review,* Vol. 87, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 1–22
Celeste Yarnall

**Celeste Yarnall** (July 26, 1944 – October 7, 2018) was an American actress. She started her career on television before moving to movies. Yarnall was born in Long Beach, California. She was known for her roles in *The Face of Eve*, *The Mechanic*, and in *Fatal Beauty*.

Yarnall died on October 7, 2018 from peritoneal cancer in Westlake Village, California at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Alice Rivlin

**Alice Mitchell Rivlin** (March 4, 1931 &ndash; May 14, 2019) was an American economist. She was the U.S. Federal Reserve and budget official. She was Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve, Director of the White House Office of Management and Budget, and founding Director of the Congressional Budget Office. 

She was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and visiting professor at Georgetown University. Rivlin also co-chaired, with former Senator Pete Domenici, the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Debt Reduction Task Force.

## Personal life
Rivlin was of Cornish ancestry. In 1955, she married former Justice Department attorney Lewis Allen Rivlin of the Rivlin family, with whom she had three children; they divorced in 1977.  In 1989, she married economist Sidney G. Winter, Jr. 

Rivlin died on May 14, 2019 in Washington, D.C. from cancer, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
*Home page at the Brookings Institution
*
*Interview with the Minneapolis Fed
*Interview with Federal Reserve
*Testimony of Alice Rivlin to Congress, October 5, 1977, on the potential energy savings of urban transportation.  
*Alice Rivlin profile at LittleSis
*Statements and Speeches of Alice M. Rivlin
*
Westlake Village, California

**Westlake Village** is a city in Los Angeles County on its western border with Ventura County. The population was 8,029 in 2020.

Part of the city was split into present day Thousand Oaks, California.

## References
The Stanley Parable

***The Stanley Parable*** is an interactive storytelling video game designed by Davey Wreden. The game was originally released on July 27, 2011 as a free modification for *Half-Life 2*.

A high-definition stand-alone remake, including new story elements, was again designed by Davey Wreden together with Source engine modeler William Pugh and Davey Wreden and was released on October 17, 2013 for Microsoft Windows. Later updates of the game added support for OS X on December 19, 2013, and for Linux on September 9, 2015.

The player has the opportunity to make numerous decisions on which paths, Stanley the protagonist, to take, and because at times the narrator says what Stanley will do next, the player can choose to ignore the narration and make a different choice. Every choice made by the player is commented on by the narrator, and depending on the choices the player makes, they will encounter different endings to the game before it restarts.

## References
## Other websites
*
Endicott, New York

**Endicott** is a village in Broome County, New York, United States. The population was 13,667 at the 2020 census.

## References
Arnold Harberger

**Arnold Carl Harberger** (born July 27, 1924) is an American economist. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. Harberger is known for his triangle theory, where the deadweight loss that may be caused by seller monopoly power, taxation. He is also known for his essays about predictions of the American GDP. 

## References
## Other websites
* Video Collection from NewMedia Universidad Francisco Marroquín
Dale W. Jorgenson

**Dale Weldeau Jorgenson** (May 7, 1933 – June 8, 2022) was an American economist. He was the Samuel W. Morris University Professor at Harvard University. He also taught at the John F. Kennedy School of Government. He was Chairman of the Department of Economics from 1994 to 1997. He was born in Bozeman, Montana. In 1978, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Jorgenson supported carbon tax on greenhouse gas emissions as a means of reducing global warming.

Jorgenson died on June 8, 2022 at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts from respiratory failure at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Harvard biography
* Senate article
* SAST REPORT: a candid conversation with economist Dale W. Jorgenson about his tax reform proposal
Hiroshi Wajima

(January 11, 1948 – October 8, 2018) was a Japanese sumo wrestler and professional wrestler. He was from Nanao, Ishikawa, Japan. He was sumo's 54th *yokozuna.* He won a total of 14 tournament championships or *yūshō* during his career and retired in March 1981.

He was later head coach of Hanakago stable, but was forced to leave the sumo world and turned to professional wrestling.

Wajima died at his home in Tokyo on October 8, 2018 from throat cancer, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
*complete biography and basho results (Japanese)
Víctor Pey

**Víctor Pey Casado** (31 August 1915 – 5 October 2018) was a Spanish-born Chilean engineer, professor, and businessman. He was born in Madrid. Pey turned 100 in 2015. Pey was known as a political advisor to President Salvador Allende.

Pey was persecuted by the military junta and went into exile, not returning until the 1990s. He was a critic of the Pinochet regime. After a 19-year legal lawsuit between Pey and the Chilean government, the case was dismissed without Pey receiving any damages.

Pey died on 5 October 2018 in Santiago de Chile at the age of 103.

## References
Hurricane Kate (1985)

**Hurricane Kate** was an Atlantic tropical cyclone in November 1985. The storm was the last tropical cyclone in the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season to hit the United States.

Kate first struck the northern coast of Cuba as a Category 2 hurricane.

The storm later struck northwestern Florida close to Mexico Beach. It killed over a dozen people. It also caused $700 million in damage. The storm later went into southwestern Georgia.

Kate was the latest tropical cyclone to hit the United States as a hurricane.

## References
Singular value decomposition

In linear algebra, the **singular-value decomposition** (**SVD**) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix. It is the generalization of the eigendecomposition of a positive semidefinite normal matrix (for example, a symmetric matrix with positive eigenvalues) to any matrix via an extension of the polar decomposition. It has many useful applications in signal processing and statistics.

Formally, the singular value decomposition of an m\times n complex matrix M is a factorization of the form \mathbf{U\Sigma V^*}, where U is an m\times m complex unitary matrix, \mathbf\Sigma is an m\times n rectangular diagonal matrix with non-negative real numbers on the diagonal, and V is an n\times n complex unitary matrix. The diagonal entries \sigma_i=\Sigma_{ii} of \mathbf\Sigma are known as the singular values of M. The columns of U and the columns of V are called the left-singular vectors and right-singular vectors of M, respectively.

The singular-value decomposition can be computed using the following observations:

* The left-singular vectors of **M** are a set of orthonormal eigenvectors of **MM**∗.
* The right-singular vectors of **M** are a set of orthonormal eigenvectors of **M**∗**M**.
* The non-zero singular values of **M** (found on the diagonal entries of **Σ**) are the square roots of the non-zero eigenvalues of both **M**∗**M** and **MM**∗.
Thomas A. Steitz

**Thomas Arthur Steitz** (August 23, 1940 – October 9, 2018) was an American biochemist. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was a Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University. He was also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 

Steitz was best known for his work on the ribosome. For his work, he won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Ada Yonath.

Steitz died of complications from pancreatic cancer on October 9, 2018 in Branford, Connecticut, aged 78.

## References
## Other websites
* "Inquisitiveness of Milwaukee native leads to a Nobel Prize", *The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel*.
* Thomas Steitz - MIPtalk.com interview
* http://blogs.lawrence.edu/news/2009/10/lawrence_university_graduate_a.html
Abby Finkenauer

**Abby Lea Finkenauer** (born December 27, 1988) is an American politician who was the United States Special Envoy for Global Youth Issues from 2022 until 2025. She is a member of the United States Democratic Party. She was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Iowa's  from January 3, 2019 until January 3, 2021.

## Political career
In 2015, she became the member of the Iowa House of Representatives from the 99th district.

In the United States House of Representatives' 2018 election, Finkenauer was the Democratic nominee for Iowa's 1st Congressional District. She won the election. She lost her re-election in November 2020 to Republican Ashley Hinson.

In July 2021, Finkenauer announced her candidacy for the 2022 U.S. Senate election in Iowa, for the seat held by Chuck Grassley. On April 11, 2022, a judge ruled that she could not appear on the Democratic primary ballot because her nominating petitions did not have enough verified signatures. Four days later, the State Supreme Court ruled Finkenauer can appear on the ballot. However, she lost the nomination to retired vice admiral Michael Franken in June 2022.

In November 2022, Finkenauer was nominated to be a United States Special Envoy for Global Youth Issues. She took office on December 1, 2022.

## Personal life
Finkenauer was born in Sherrill, Iowa. She was raised in Dubuque, Iowa. In 2011, Finkenauer graduated from Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, with a bachelor's degree in public relations.

Finkenauer married Daniel Wasta, the Iowa Political Director for the Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign in 2020.

Finkenauer has endometriosis and has supported endometriosis research funding.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Member profile at the Iowa General Assembly

*
Lillian Gordy Carter

**Bessie Lillian Gordy Carter** (August 15, 1898&nbsp;&ndash; October 30, 1983) was an American nurse, political activist and humanitarian. She was born in Richland, Georgia. Carter was the mother of former President of the United States, Jimmy Carter. 

She was also known for her works to nursing in her home state of Georgia and as a Peace Corps volunteer in India as well as writing two books during the Carter presidency.

Carter died in Americus, Georgia on October 30, 1983 from bone, pancreatic and breast cancer at the age of 85.

## References
Richland, Georgia

**Richland** is a city in Stewart County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,370 at the 2020 census.

## References
Americus, Georgia

**Americus** is a city in Sumter County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 16,230.  Americus is the home of Habitat for Humanity's international headquarters, a humanitarian house building institute built by Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. Glover Foods and many more well-known organizations.

The city is the county seat of Sumter County.

## References
DeKalb County, Georgia

**DeKalb County** ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 764,382, making it Georgia's fourth-most largest county. Its county seat is Decatur. 10% of Atlanta is in DeKalb county.

## References
Milwaukee County, Wisconsin

**Milwaukee County** is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 939,489.

It is the largest county in Wisconsin and the 45th in the United States. Its county seat is Milwaukee, which is also the most populous city in the state. The county was created in 1835.

## References
Temporal bone

The **temporal bones** are at the sides and base of the skull. They protect the structures of the inner ear.

The lower seven cranial nerves move along the inside of the temporal bones. The main blood vessels to and from the brain also move along the inside of the temporal bone.

The temporal bones are not the same in all mammals. The inner ear is usually not protected in marsupials, and in other placentals it is protected by a structure called the *auditory bulla*.
Waukesha, Wisconsin

**Waukesha** () is a city in and the county seat of Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. Its population was 71,158 at the 2020 census. From 1846 to 1847, the city was called Prairieville. In 2021, six people were killed in a vehicle-ramming attack.

## References
West Bend, Wisconsin

**West Bend** is a city and the county seat of Washington County, Wisconsin, United States. It is in southeastern Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 31,752.

## References
Wellington, Texas

**Wellington** is a city and county seat of Collingsworth County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,896 at the 2020 census.

## References
Warner Saunders

**Warner Saunders** (January 30, 1935 – October 9, 2018) was an American news co-anchor. He worked for WMAQ-TV in Chicago. Saunders' primary co-anchor in the NBC 5 evening newscasts was Allison Rosati. He studied at Northeastern Illinois University. He was born in Chicago. Saunders retired in 2009.

Before being an anchor, Saunders was a teacher. His teaching career includes Chicago Public Schools, National College of Education (now National Louis University), Malcolm X College, Northeastern Illinois University, and Indiana University 

Saunders died at a hospital in Lincoln Park, Chicago from a suspected heart attack on October 9, 2018, aged 83.

## References
Soybean oil

**Soybean oil** is a type of cooking oil extracted from soybean seeds. It is known that a lot people eat it. It is also been used for oil paints. This oil is prone to oxidation.

## References
Pulaski County, Arkansas

**Pulaski County** is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. It had a population of 399,125 in 2020, making it the most populous county in Arkansas. Its county seat is Little Rock, which is also Arkansas's capital and largest city.

Pulaski County was formed on December 15, 1818. The county is named for Casimir Pulaski, a Polish volunteer who saved George Washington's life during the American Revolutionary War.

## References
Cornucopia

depiction of the Roman goddess Abundantia with a cornucopia, by Rubens (*ca.* 1630)]]
In classical antiquity, the **cornucopia**  (from Latin cornu copiae), also called the **horn of plenty**, was a symbol of abundance and nourishment from Amaltheia, commonly a large horn-shaped container overflowing with produce, flowers or nuts. A common depiction of it comes from the Fruit of the Loom logo.
Pre-algebra

**Pre-algebra** is a part of mathematics which is studied typically in the United States. It is usually taught in 8th grade to prepare students for algebra, geometry, and other subjects that are taught in high school. Pre-algebra helps students understand variables and graphs. Pre-algebra often deals with basic math, while adding letters, commonly used are x and y.

Subjects students often learn include:

* x and y variables
* ratios
* basic slope
* adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing negative numbers
*exponents
*proportional relationships
*system of equations
*scientific notation
*graphs and functions
*probability 
*equalities and inequalities 
*geometry        

* Irrational numbers (such as π)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

Pre-algebra is mainly about equations and evaluating what certain variables are. An example is *3y+x-3=y-x+10   say we need to solve for x. we would need to subtract 3y from both sides of the equal sign. So it becomes x-3=10-2y-x next we need to add 3. So x=13-2y-x, and then add x to each side. 2x=13-2y divide each side by 2 so x=-y+13/2.*

Szczepanski, Amy F. & Kositsky, Andrew P. 2008. ''The complete idiot's guide to pre-algebra''.
Deuel County

**Deuel County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Deuel County, Nebraska
* Deuel County, South Dakota
Emblem of Italy

The **emblem of the Italian Republic** () was formally adopted by the newly formed Italian Republic on 5 May 1948. It is composed by a five-pointed star (white with thin red border), over a cogwheel, between olive tree (left) and oak branches, bounded by a red ribbon with the legend "REPVBBLICA ITALIANA".
Coat of arms of Norway

The **coat of arms of Norway** is a golden lion on a red background, bearing a golden crown and axe with silver blade (blazoned: *Gules, a lion rampant Or, crowned Or, holding an axe Or with a blade argent*).