open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Everett Kinstler

**Everett Raymond Kinstler** (August 5, 1926 &ndash; May 26, 2019) was an American portrait artist. He painted official portraits of businesspeople and also Presidents of the United States. He painted portraits for Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan.

## Life
Kinstler was born in New York in 1926. He studied at the Art Students League of New York and taught there between 1969 and 1974.

## Awards
* Elected into the National Academy of Design, in 1970
* Copley Medal from the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery, in 1999
* Inkpot Award, in 2006

## Gallery

|Portrait of Ronald Reagan
|Portrait of Gerald Ford
File:White Princess 3.jpg |Graphic art for *White Princess of the Jungle*
File:Strange Worlds 3.jpg |Graphic art for *Strange Worlds*
File:Kaanga 01 IW.jpg |Graphic art for *Kaanga*

## References
## Other websites
*Official site
Julie Bindel

**Julie Bindel** (born 20 July 1962) is an English writer. She is a lesbian and radical feminist. She lives in Crouch End, London. She is a freelance journalist. Her work is often published by *The Guardian*. Bindel edits *Gaze: A Modern Review*.

## Early life
She became involved in feminism in 1979 as a teenager in Leeds. In 1990 she started Justice for Women with other feminists.

## References
Derek Cooper

**Derek MacDonald Cooper** (25 May 1925 &ndash; 18 April 2014) was a British journalist. He wrote about food, wine and whisky. He worked with *The Listener*, *The Observer*, *Home & Garden* and *Saga Magazine*.

He created the idea of BBC Radio 4’s weekly program *The Food Programme*. He was born in London, England.

Cooper died from Parkinson's disease in London, aged 88.

## References
## Other websites
Luciano do Valle

**Luciano do Valle Queirós,** (4 July 1947 &ndash; 19 April 2014) better known as Luciano do Valle was a Brazilian sports commentator, television presenter, journalist and entrepreneur. He worked on several broadcasters on television&mdash;Rede Globo from 1971 to 1982, Rede Record from 1982 to 1983 and 2003 to 2006, and Rede Bandeirantes from 1983 to 2003 and 2006, to his death. He was born in Campinas, São Paulo.

Luciano do Valle died on the afternoon of 19 April, 2014 in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, aged 66.

## References
## Other websites
*  
*
Volta River

]]
The **Volta River** is a river which is mostly in Ghana. It drains into the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean. It has three main tributaries  the Black Volta, White Volta and Red Volta.

Water drains into the Volta from most of Ghana, most of Burkina Faso, and parts of Benin, Ivory Coast, Mali, and Togo. In 1964, the Akosombo Dam was built. This created a reservoir along the river known as Lake Volta.

## References
Neville Wran

**Neville Kenneth Wran**  (11 October 1926 &ndash; 20 April 2014) was an Australian politician and lawyer. He served as the Premier of New South Wales from 1976 until 1986. He was National President of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1980 to 1986. He also served as chairman of both the Lionel Murphy Foundation and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) from 1986 to 1991.

Wran was born in Paddington, New South Wales. He was educated in Balmain. He was married twice and had five children.

Wran died from dementia on 20 April 2014 in Elizabeth Bay, New South Wales. He was 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Neville Wran  at the Parliament of New South Wales website
Antimatter fuel

**Antimatter**, when it comes into contact with regular matter, releases a huge amount of energy. This energy is in the form of an explosion. This explosion can be harnessed for electrical means (Creating electricity) or as a thrust (Because antimatter has to be created, it would be extremely inefficient to use for electricity.) Since newtons laws state that if you push something, you get pushed. That is how rockets work. The antimatter can be exploded and forced behind the rocket, pushing the rocket forward. But antimatter reactions can produce harmful discharges of high energy gamma rays. High energy gamma rays break down molecules in cells and can also make the rocket engines radioactive. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is currently doing research to reduce this harmful side effect.

## References
Eilmer of Malmesbury

**Eilmer of Malmesbury** was an English monk, born around 980. He is known for having attempted one of the first human flights in history.

The reason Eilmer made his flight was that he needed to think of a way out whenever the Vikings would attack the abbey. He went up a church tower with his gliding equipment that he had made from willow or ash. He made a downward flight of some 200 meters or so - from at least 18 meters high.

## References
*http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ss/stories/s1010848.htm
Lorestan province

**Lorestan Province** is a province in western Iran. It is mainly populated by and is the traditional homeland of the ethnic Lurs who speak the Luri language. Lorestan Province is located within the Zagros Mountains, in the western part of Iran.

Lorestan is located close to the border with Iraq. Situated in a picturesque valley surrounded by mountains, Lorestan is about 100 kilometers (about 62 miles) east of the border with Iraq.

Some of the important cities are Khorramabad, Borujerd, and Aligudarz.

## References
## Other websites
* Governor's Office 
* Information portal
Walter Frosch

**Walter Frosch** (19 December 1950 &ndash; 23 November 2013) was a German professional association footballer. He played as a defender. He was a player for SV Alsenborn, 1. FC Kaiserslautern and FC St. Pauli between 1970 and 1979. He was born in Ludwigshafen, Rhineland-Palatinate (then part of West Germany).

Frosch died from a cardiac arrest on 23 November 2013 in Hamburg, aged 62.

## References
## Other websites
*
Division of Moore

The **Division of Moore** is an Australian Electoral Division in Perth.

## Members
## Election results
## References
## Other websites
* Division of Moore (WA) — Australian Electoral Commission
Thomas Eagleton

**Thomas Francis Eagleton** (September 4, 1929 – March 4, 2007) was an American politician. 

Eagleton was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He studied at Harvard Law School and at Amherst College.

He served as a United States senator from Missouri. He served as senator from 1968 to 1987. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Eagleton was a running mate for George McGovern during the 1972 United States presidential campaign. However, Eagleton soon withdrew from the ticker after Robert Boyd reported that Eagleton suffered from psychiatric problems and undergone three shock treatments.

Eagleton then ran for President of the United States in 1984, but lost the primary to Walter Mondale.

In 2007, Eagleton died in St. Louis, Missouri from heart and respiratory failure, aged 77.

## References
## Other websites
Rubin Carter

**Rubin "Hurricane" Carter** (May 6, 1937 – April 20, 2014) was an American middleweight boxer. He is best known for being wrongfully convicted for a triple murder for which he was in jail for 19 years.

Carter was an African American who was born in Clifton, New Jersey. He is survived by his daughter and son from his first marriage.

Carter is the subject of Hurricane, a song by Bob Dylan, and *The Hurricane*, a movie.

## References
## Other websites
*
Blanche Barton

**Blanche Barton** (born **Sharon Densley**; October 1, 1961 in San Diego, California) is an American religious leader. She is the Magistra Templi Rex of the Church of Satan. Satanists address her as *Magistra Barton*. 

Barton became the High Priestess after Anton LaVey died on October 29, 1997. She held the position of High Priestess until April 30, 2002. Barton has written two books: ''The Church of Satan: A History of the World's Most Notorious Religion* and *The Secret Life of a Satanist: The Authorized Biography of Anton LaVey''.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Church of Satan biography
Beaufort, South Carolina

**Beaufort** is a city in Beaufort County, South Carolina. In 2020, 13,607 people lived there.

## References
Bay of Pigs Invasion

During the **Bay of Pigs Invasion** (April 17, 1961), the United States government and 1,400 Cuban exiles tried to invade Cuba and remove Fidel Castro from power. The invasion happened at the Bay of Pigs on Cuba's southern coast.

The invasion went wrong almost from the start, and it was defeated in two days.

Meanwhile, the Cuban exiles wanted to overthrow Castro so they could return to Cuba.

United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower initially planned the invasion. 

## Failure 
The invasion failed quickly for many reasons. The invasion's landing site was also changed.

The invaders did not get far into Cuba. Over 100 were killed, and almost 1,200 surrendered. They were kept in jail for 20 months while the United States negotiated with Castro. Castro eventually released them in exchange for USD $53 million worth of baby food and medicine.

## Related pages 
* Cuban Missile Crisis
* Cold War
* Communism
* Capitalism

## References
Richard Jeni

**Richard John Colangelo** (better known as **Richard Jeni**,; April 14, 1957 – March 10, 2007) was an American stand-up comedian and actor. He was known for his role in *The Mask* and in *Platypus Man*. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City.

Jeni committed suicide by shooting himself at his home in Los Angeles, California after suffering from depression two months. He was 49 years old.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Douglas Kenney

**Douglas C. "Doug" Kenney** (December 10, 1946 &ndash; August 27, 1980) was an American writer and actor. He was born in Palm Beach, Florida. He was one of the co-founders of *National Lampoon* magazine, along with Henry Beard and Robert Hoffman. Kenney collaborated with Beard at the Harvard Lampoon, which they wrote for while they went to the namesake college. They both co-wrote the satirical novel *Bored of the Rings*. Afterwards, they went to make a nationwide version of the magazine christened, *The National Lampoon*. The magazine spun off into a radio show, a TV special, albums and films—which he also wrote for.

He co-wrote the ''National Lampoon's Animal House*, which he also had an extended cameo in as "The Stork". After the success of Animal House, he produced and wrote *Caddyshack*--which he also had a nameless cameo in. He had a bit part in the 1977 film *Between the Line''.

Kenney died after falling from a thirty-foot cliff in Kauai, Hawaii. He was 33 years old. Kenney's death was ruled as "accidental".

## References
## Other websites
*
Mimi Kok

, 1958.]]

**Maria Christina** "**Mimi**" **Kok** (25 January 1934 &ndash; 19 April 2014) was a Dutch actress. She was best known for her work with entertainer Wim T. Schippers. She appeared in the movies *Paranoia* (1967), *Red Sien* (1975) and *Han de Wit* (1990). She was born in Amsterdam, North Holland.

Kok died from a lung disease on 19 April 2014 in Amsterdam. She was 80.

## References
## Other websites
*
Penny Arcade Expo

**PAX** (originally named **Penny Arcade Expo**) is a series of gaming festivals. It is held in Seattle, Washington (PAX Prime, PAX Dev), Boston, Massachusetts (PAX East), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PAX Unplugged), and Melbourne, Victoria (PAX Aus). The festival was created by *Penny Arcade* authors Jerry Holkins and Mike Krahulik in 2004. They created it because they wanted to attend a show that would give equal attention to console gamers, computer gamers, and tabletop gamers. Since its creation, the event has grown to become very popular; it is widely considered one of the most important events to the video gaming community.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Data science

**Data science** is the study of the extraction of knowledge from data. It uses techniques from many fields, including signal processing, mathematics, probability, machine learning, computer programming, statistics, data engineering, pattern matching, and data visualization, with the goal of extracting useful knowledge from the data. With computer systems able to handle more data, big data is an important aspect of data science.

A person that does data science is called a data scientist. Data scientists solve complicated data problems using mathematics, statistics and computer science. However, a data scientist is most likely to be an expert in only one or two of these disciplines, meaning that cross disciplinary teams can be a key component of data science.

Good data scientists are able to apply their skills to achieve many kinds of purposes. Their skills and competencies vary widely.

## References 
## Further reading 
* *Data Science for Business* by Foster Provost and Tom Fawcett
* *The Art of Data Science* by Roger D. Peng and Elizabeth Matsui
* *Machine Learning Yearning* by Andrew Ng
Benedikt Sarnov

**Benedikt Mikhailovich Sarnov** (; 4 January 1927 &ndash; 20 April 2014) was a Russian literary critic, historian of Soviet literature, and writer. He graduated from Gorky Institute of World Literature in 1951. He became a member of Union of Soviet Writers in 1960. He was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union.

Sarnov died on 20 April 2014 in Moscow, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Benedikt Sarnov at the Wilson Center website
Henry Wilcoxon

**Henry Wilcoxon** (8 September 1905 – 6 March 1984) was an Dominican-English silent movie actor. He was born in Roseau, Dominica. He was known for his role as Bishop Pickering in *Caddyshack*. He is also known for appearing as a leading man in Cecil B. DeMille's movies.

Wilcoxon died in Los Angeles, California from cancer and heart failure, aged 78.

## Other websites
*
*
*
*
Alexander Lenkov

**Alexander Sergeyevich Lenkov** (17 May 1943 &ndash; 21 April 2014) was a Russian actor. He was best known for winning the People's Artist of Russia in 1997. He was born Rasskazovo, Tambov Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.

Lenkov died from a long illness on 21 April 2014 in Moscow, aged 70.

## References
## Other websites
Henry Maksoud

**Henry Maksoud** (8 March 1929 &ndash; 17 April 2014) was a Brazilian businessman. He got the title of *Master of Science in Fluid Mechanics* from the University of Iowa in the United States. He was the owner of the five-star hotel Maksoud Plaza in São Paulo. He was also the owner of the magazine *Visão*. He was Chairman of the Engineering Institute of São Paulo from 1967 to 1968.

Maksoud was born in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul.

Maksoud died after having a cardiac arrest on 17 April 2014 in São Paulo. He was 85.

## References
## Other websites
* Profile  at University of Iowa, College of Engineering
Wendell Young

**Wendell Edward Young** (born August 1, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently the general manager of the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League.

## Playing career
]]
Young played for the Vancouver Canucks, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins and Tampa Bay Lightning in the National Hockey League. Young is the only hockey player to have won a Memorial Cup (in 1982 with the Kitchener Rangers), a Calder Cup (with the 1988 Hershey Bears), a Turner Cup (with the 1998 and 2000 Chicago Wolves), and a Stanley Cup (with the 1991 and 1992 Penguins).  He also has 2 Robertson Cups with the Kitchener Rangers as Ontario Hockey League Champions in 1981 and 1982.

## Other websites
*
Allosauroidea

**Allosauroidea** were a clade of theropod dinosaurs. The oldest-known allosauroid, *Shidaisaurus*, appeared in the early Middle Jurassic (probably Bajocian stage) of China. The last known surviving members of the group died out around 90 million years ago in Asia (*Shaochilong*) and South America (*Mapusaurus*), Allosauroids had long, narrow skulls, large orbits, three-fingered hands, and usually had "horns"  on their heads. The most famous and best understood allosauroid is the *Allosaurus*.

## References
Walter Munk

, May 2010]]
**Walter Heinrich Munk** (October 19, 1917 – February 8, 2019) was an American physical oceanographer. He was professor of geophysics emeritus and held the Secretary of the Navy/Chief of Naval Operations Oceanography Chair at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He has won awards such as Alexander Agassiz Medal (1977), National Medal of Science (1985), William Bowie Medal (1989), Vetlesen Prize (1993), Kyoto Prize (1999) and Crafoord Prize (2010).

Munk was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary to a Jewish family. He was sent to a boys' preparatory school in upper New York state in 1932.

Munk turned 100 in October 2017. He died on February 8, 2019, at La Jolla, California. He was 101.

## Personal life
Munk remained actively engaged in scientific endeavors throughout his life, with publications as late as 2016.
He turned 100 in October 2017. He died of pneumonia on February 8, 2019, at La Jolla, California, aged 101.

## References
## Other websites
* Walter Munk at National Academy of Sciences website
Celebrity Skin

***Celebrity Skin*** is the third studio album by Hole. It was released on September 8, 1998 on Geffen Records. Three singles were released from the album. The album was given good reviews by music critics.

## References
Gayle Rubin

**Gayle S. Rubin** (born January 1 1949) is an American cultural anthropologist. She is an Associate Professor of Anthropology and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.

Rubin grew up Jewish in the Southern United States. In 1978, she moved to San Francisco. On June 13 of that year Rubin started the first known lesbian SM group, Samois. In May 1983, the group broke up.

In 1994, Rubin completed her PhD in anthropology at the University of Michigan. She has been an associate professor of anthropology, women's studies and comparative literature since 2004.

## References
Game of Thrones

***Game of Thrones *** is an American fantasy drama television series, based on George R. R. Martin's book series *A Song of Ice and Fire*. The first episode was shown on April 17, 2011 on Home Box Office. There are eight seasons in total as of 2019. The first season was nominated for thirteen Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series and won two of them. The series focuses on various kings and queens in two continents called Westeros and Essos. Many of the successors to the throne fight for power. The series is praised for human sexuality and story line.

## Plot
The plot revolves around two continents namely, Westeros (the western continent) and Essos (the eastern continent). Noble families of Westeros fight amongst themselves to gain the Iron Throne. And, meanwhile an old enemy which has been dormant for ages is rising again.

## Cast
## Books 
# A Game Of Thrones
# A Clash Of Kings
# A Storm of Swords
# A Feast for Crows
# A Dance With Dragons

## References
## Other websites 
*
Petah Tikva

**Petah Tikva** (,  , meaning *opening of hope*; other spellings: *Petah Tiqwa* (official) and *Petach Tikvah* (unofficial)) is a city in western Israel. is a city in the Central District of Israel. It is  east from Tel Aviv and belongs to the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. About 231,000 people were living there in 2015, making it the fifth-largest city of the country. About 70,000 of them are Orthodox Jews.

European Orthodox Jews established the settlement in 1878 and named it Petah Tikva after a prophecy of Hosea. Because of this, it is the oldest agricultural settlement erected by Zionist Jews in the 19th century and therefore nicknamed *Em HaMoshavot*, meaning *mother of the moshavot*. The new settlement was attacked by raiders in 1886, a few guards volunteered to keep it safe from raiders, in total the settlement had six guards, the last and most famous out of them is Avraham Shapira, his original house stand til this day intact. It obtained city status in 1937.

The city is low-lying. The Yarkon River flows north of Petah Tikva.

Petah Tikva comes second in a list of cities in Israel industrial activities. Many high-tech and communications companies have their headquarters here. The city used to be surrounded by a lot of citrus plantations but due to urban expansion this is no longer the case.

The city has about 300 synagogues, the same number of educational institutions, and six hospitals, among them the Rabin Medical Center.

Several highways are close by, like Highway 4 in the west, Trans-Samaria Highway in the north, and Trans-Israel Highway in the east.

Yarkon Cemetery is in Petah Tikva and is the most important cemetery of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area.

## Well-known people 
* Gal Gadot (born 1985), actress and model
* Amnon Krauz (born 1952), swimmer
* Uri Orbach (1960-2015), children's writer, journalist and politician
* Pnina Rosenblum (born 1954), business woman and politician
* Mordechai Tzipori (1924-2017), general and politician

Pt Matatz081.jpg|Bus-only lane in Petah Tikva
Petah Tikva Great Synagogue.jpg|The Great Synagogue
Azorim Park PT.jpg|Azorim high-tech park
PikiWiki Israel 1204 Settlements in Israel פתח תקוה העיריה הישנה.jpg|Petah Tikva during the 1920s
PetahTikvaMunicipalityBuilding.jpg|Municipality building of Petah Tikva
Petah Tikva view.JPG|A part of the city

## Other websites 
*
Chris Hadfield

**Chris Hadfield**, OOnt CD, (born August 29, 1959) is a Canadian retired astronaut. The first Canadian to walk in space, he has flown on two space shuttle missions and also served as commander of the International Space Station. That made him the first Canadian to serve as commander of the International Space Station. He led Expedition 35 after its launch on 19 December 2012. He was previously a a Royal Canadian Air Force fighter pilot. 

Forbes described Hadfield as "perhaps the most social media savvy astronaut ever to leave Earth" with an audience all over the internet including over 2 million Twitter followers, over 600 thousand Facebook fans, one of the top Reddit AmA threads of all time, and a popular Tumblr blog.

Hadfield wrote a memoir, ''An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth'', and published it in 2013. The book became a New York Times bestseller and was the bestselling book in Canada on a Canadian subject.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*Chris Hadfield  at NASA.gov
Katwijk

**Katwijk** is a municipality in the Netherlands. It is near the coast of the North Sea. It is about 16 kilometers north from The Hague. There are 62,825 people living in Katwijk. 

The municipality is very popular with tourists, especially those from Germany. Some of the most popular tourist attractions of Katwijk are the beach, several museums and galleries of fine art, a railway museum, and some museums of local and regional history. Near Katwijk are the headquarters of the European space organisation ESA with its space travel museum Space Expo (on the town's borders), Duinrell in Wassenaar and Keukenhof in Lisse.

Katwijk is known for its wide-spread graffiti culture. Several legal graffiti places can be found in the town. Graffiti-related activities are often organised, for example covering the local lighthouse with graffiti.

On 1 January 2006, Rijnsburg and Valkenburg were merged into the municipality of Katwijk.

## Gallery 

Image:Tram met museum op achtergrond.jpg|Steam tram at tramstop Valkenburgse Meer, with railway museum at the background
Image:Prins Hendrikkanaal (haven) Katwijk.jpg|Prins Hendrikcanal
Image:Turfmarkt Katwijk.jpg|*Old Rhine* with Turfmarkt square at the background
File:Lighthouse_with_graffiti.jpg|Lighthouse covered in graffiti
2012–13 Chicago Blackhawks season

The **2012–13 Chicago Blackhawks season** was the team's 87th season in the National Hockey League (NHL). The season was shortened to a 48 games instead of the usual 82 games because of the 2012–13 NHL lockout. The team won the Western Conference championship. They defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals to win their 5th Stanley Cup in franchise history. Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe Trophy for being the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs.

## Regular season 
## Playoffs 
## References
Win Tin

**Win Tin** (, ; 12 March 1930 &ndash; 21 April 2014) was a Burmese politician and political prisoner. He was arrested in July 1989 because of his senior position in the National League for Democracy (NLD). For his writings, he spent 19 years in prison. He was born Kyopinkauk, Pegu Division, British Burma.

Tin died from renal failure on 21 April 2014 in Yangon, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
Theodore Hesburgh

The Rev. **Theodore Martin Hesburgh**, CSC, STD (May 25, 1917 - February 26, 2015) is an American priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross. He is also the President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. He is the namesake for TIAA-CREF's Hesburgh Award.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography from the University of Notre Dame
*
C. Delores Tucker

**Cynthia Delores Tucker** was an African-American politician. She was known for her civil rights activism and for being against gangsta rap music. She died when she was 78 on October 12, 2005. 

In 1971, Tucker became the first black female United States Secretary of State. In 1990 she started the African-American Women for Reproductive Freedom with 15 other African American women and men. In 1996 Tucker was chosen by *People* magazine as one of "25 of the Most Intriguing People in the World" .

Tucker started *Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches*.
William Usery Jr.

**Willie Julian Usery, Jr.** (December 21, 1923 &ndash; December 10, 2016) was an American labor union activist and U.S. government politician. He served as United States Secretary of Labor in the Ford administration from 1976 until 1977.

Usery, Jr., died on December 10, 2016 in Eatonton, Georgia from heart failure, aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
Herb Gray

The Right Honourable **Herbert Eser** "**Herb**" **Gray**  (May 25, 1931 &ndash; April 21, 2014) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was a cabinet minister and served under three prime ministers. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Canada from 1997 until 2002, when Jean Chrétien was Prime Minister. He was also Canada's first Jewish federal cabinet minister.

Gray was born in Windsor, Ontario. He was married to Sharon Sholzberg and had two children.

Gray died on April 21, 2014 at a hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, aged 82.

## References
## Other websites
*
Saratoga, California

**Saratoga** is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States. As of 2020, 31,051 people lived in Saratoga.

## References
Miss Elizabeth

**Elizabeth Ann Hulette** (November 19, 1960 – May 1, 2003) was an American professional wrestling manager. She is best known for her time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s as well as her time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in mid-1990s. She is better known under her ring name **Miss Elizabeth**.

She was known for managing "Macho Man" Randy Savage who she was also married to from December 1984 to 1992. Later on, she began dating Lex Luger. They were planning on getting married. On April 19, 2003, she was involved in a domestic dispute with Luger where he allegedly hit her in the garage of their townhouse in Marietta, Georgia. The Cobb County police found her with two bruised eyes, a bump on her head, and a cut lip.

On May 1, 2003, Luger called 9-1-1 because Hulette was not breathing. After Hulette did not respond to mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, the paramedics rushed to their townhouse but they pronounced her dead. It was later announced by a medical examiner that Hulette had died from "acute toxicity" which was brought on by a mix of painkillers and vodka.

## Awards
***World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment**
**Slammy Award for Woman of the Year (1987)

## References
## Other websites
*
CocoRosie

**CocoRosie** is an American folk band. The members are sisters Bianca "Coco" and Sierra "Rosie" Casady. They have released five studio albums. These are *La maison de mon rêve*, ''Noah's Ark*, *The Adventures of Ghosthorse and Stillborn*, *Grey Oceans*, and *Tales of a GrassWidow''. CocoRosie have also composed two film scores.

Sierra Casady was born in Iowa. Bianca was born in Hawaii. The girls lived with their mother when they were children. They moved to new towns almost every year. Sierra left home when she was around 14. She is a classically trained soprano.

## References
Mimivirus

**Mimivirus** is an extra-large virus. It was discovered in 1992.

APMV was found accidentally inside the amoeba *Acanthamoeba polyphaga*. The virus was seen in a gram stain and mistakenly thought to be a gram-positive bacterium.

It is either a viral genus with a single species, ***Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus*** (APMV), or it is a group of phylogenetically-related large viruses (MimiN). 

In speech, APMV is usually referred to as "mimivirus". Until October 2011, when an even larger virus *Megavirus chilensis* was described, it was the largest (capsid diameter) of all known viruses.  

Mimivirus has a large and complex genome compared with most other viruses. Mimivirus, short for "mimicking microbe", is so called for its large size and Gram-staining properties.

## References
Janet Gray Hayes

**Janet Gray Hayes** (née **Frazee**; July 12, 1926 &ndash; April 21, 2014) was an American politician. She was the Mayor of San Jose, California from 1975 until 1983. She was both the first woman to be elected as the Mayor of San Jose, and the first woman elected mayor of any major city in the United States. She was born in Rushville, Indiana.

Hayes died from a stroke on April 21, 2014 in Saratoga, California. She was 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Janet Gray Hayes at the Online Archive of California
Dune 2000

**Dune 2000** is a real-time strategy game released by Westwood Studios. It based on Frank Herbert's Dune. It uses a similar game engine to *Command & Conquer: Red Alert*.

## Houses 
Like in *Dune II*, the three main playable housess are House Atreides, House Harkonnen and House Ordos.
Megavirus

***Megavirus*** is a virus with a single identified species, *Megavirus chilensis* (MGVC). It is phylogenetically related to or Mimivirus (APMV). 

MGVC is usually referred to as just “Megavirus”. Until the discovery of pandoraviruses in 2013 it had the largest capsid diameter of all known viruses, and the largest and most complex genome among all known viruses.

## References
Assem Allam

**Assem Allam** () (1 August 1939-3 December 2022) is an Egyptian businessman based in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

He is the owner of Allam Marine, a company that makes generators. He is also the former owner of the Championship football team, Hull City.

In 2006, he was named the UK Entrepreneur of the Year by Ernst & Young.

## References
Pandoravirus

***Pandoravirus*** is a genus of very large viruses. They have the largest genomes of any viral genus. Like the other large viruses *Mimivirus*, *Pithovirus* and *Megavirus*, *Pandoravirus* infects amoebas. Its genome, with 1.9 to 2.5 megabases of DNA, is twice as large as that of *Megavirus*. It differs greatly from the other large viruses in appearance and in genome structure.

Although the capsid of *Pithovirus* is 50% larger in size, *Pandoravirus* has the largest genome of all viruses (2.5 million base pairs). This led some scientists to suggest the virus belongs to a "fourth domain", aside from Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.

## Related page
* Pandoravirus yedoma

## References
Ryan Hunter-Reay

**Ryan Hunter-Reay** (born December 17, 1980) is an American racecar driver from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He races in the IndyCar Series where he won the 2012 IndyCar championship. He is considered one of the highest ranked racecar drivers. Hunter-Reay won his first race in 2003 and has won a total 11 races, including three straight in 2012. His mother died of cancer and Hunter Reay is the major spokesman for Livestrong, a role he took over from Lance Armstrong after the cyclist's doping controversy. He is married and has a son. He lives in Florida. In 2014, he won the Indianapolis 500.

## References
Pithovirus

***Pithovirus*** is a genus of giant virus which infects  amoebae.  It is a double-stranded DNA virus, and is a member of the clade of large DNA viruses. It was first described in 2014 after a viable specimen was found in a 30,000-year-old ice core harvested from permafrost in Siberia, Russia.

It is 50% larger in size than the previous largest known viruses, but *Pandoravirus* has the largest viral genome, containing 1.9 to 2.5 megabases of DNA.
*Pithovirus* has a thick, oval wall with an opening at one end.  Internally, its structure resembles a honeycomb.

### Replication 
The *Pithovirus*' genome is one circular, double stranded DNA (dsDNA) chromosome of about 610,000 base pairs (bp.) Its DNA translate into 467 different proteins. The genome encodes all the proteins needed to produce mRNA; these proteins are present in the purified virions.

## Discovery
*Pithovirus sibericum* was discovered in a 30,000-year-old sample of Siberian permafrost. It was found when riverbank samples collected in 2000 were exposed to amoebae. The amoebas started dying and were found to contain giant viruses. The authors said they got the idea to probe permafrost samples for new viruses after reading about an experiment that revived a similar aged seed two years earlier.

Although the virus is harmless to humans, its viability after being frozen for millennia raised concerns that global climate change and tundra drilling operations could lead to potentially dangerous viruses being unearthed. Other scientists deny that this poses a real threat.

## References
Thanksgiving (United States)

**Thanksgiving** is a holiday celebrated once a year on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States of America. It is a holiday that is only celebrated within the United States; foreigners do not celebrate it in their own countries because it is not part of their culture.

## History 
In 1620 the *Mayflower* brought the Pilgrims to Massachusetts.  They made their new home in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts, 380 km northeast of what is now New York. 

Half of the Pilgrims died during their first winter in North America. They were cold and did not have enough food. The following year, though, the Native Americans, who were from the Wampanoag tribe, helped them grow crops. At harvest time in the autumn of 1621 they were very thankful that they had a good crop of food to eat during the coming winter. They thanked God and the Native Americans for teaching them how to grow the local foods.

They invited three of the Wampanoags who had helped them to their feast. They were Squanto, Samoset, and Chief Massasoit. The Wampanoags brought their families. This was over 90 people. There were so many people that the Pilgrims did not have enough food to make the meal, so the Wampanoags brought along their own food for the feast.

The Wampanoags brought turkey, duck, fish, deer, berries, squash, and cornbread. They also brought vegetables that they had farmed and shown the Pilgrims how to care for.

However, there is some disagreement over which event was the first Thanksgiving with claims that Virginia had the first celebrations.

## Thanksgiving today 
In the United States, the Thanksgiving holiday is a four-day holiday over a weekend, starting on Thanksgiving Thursday and ending on Sunday. Families and friends usually eat a special meal together (usually with a turkey as the main dish). This meal also usually includes mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, pumpkin pie, several casseroles, and stuffing. The food eaten today for Thanksgiving is very different from the food that was eaten at the First Thanksgiving in 1621. A traditional food is turkey.

## Controversy 
Thanksgiving is not looked upon positively by some who use the day for mourning to take into account the genocide and conquest of Native Americans by colonists although not all indigenous people are entirely negative on Thanksgiving. The holiday is also looked upon negatively by some vegetarians for promoting the eating of turkeys although many vegetarians and vegans eat plant-based alternatives for Thanksgiving.

## Related pages 
* Thanksgiving
* Black Friday

## References
Old St Paul's Cathedral

'''Old Saint Paul's Cathedral''' was the medieval cathedral of the City of London. It was one of the largest churches in northern Europe. It was started in 1087, under William the Conqueror, after a fire destroyed the old cathedral in the same year. It was not complete until 1314. In 1666, it burned down in the Great Fire of London. After that, Christopher Wren built a new cathedral on the same site.
Sam & Cat

***Sam & Cat*** was an American television program. It starred Jennette McCurdy as Sam Puckett and Ariana Grande as Cat Valentine. The program was first shown on June 8, 2013 on Nickelodeon. Sam & Cat" is a crossover and a spin-off of the programs iCarly (Sam) and Victorious (Cat). The show is about the two girls living together and being babysitters.

The program was announced on November 29, 2012. It began production in January 2013. 

## Cancelation
On July 13, 2014, the series was canceled because of problems with the two stars (McCurdy and Grande).

## Summary
Sam Puckett has been driving around on her motorcycle. She sees a girl thrown into a garbage truck. Sam saves Cat and they become friends. They move to Cat's house because Nona moved away. They become babysitters to get money. Their friends include Goomer and Dice.

## Characters
### Main
* Jennette McCurdy as Sam Puckett
* Ariana Grande as Cat Valentine
* Cameron Ocasio as Dice.
* Maree Cheatham as Nona

### Secondary
* Zoran Korach as Goomer
* Griffin Kane and Emily Skinner as Max and Chloe
* Sophia Grace & Rosie as Ruby and Gwen They also were in #RevengeOfTheBritBrats where they return and drive a wedge between Sam and Cat.
* Dan Schneider as the voice of Tandy
* Lisa Lillien as the voice of Bungle
* Ronnie Clark as Herb
* Ryan P. Shrime as Yokvish

### Minor
* River Alexander as Dilben
* Ben Giroux as Jeff Du Shell
* Tyler Michael Brown and Rashaan Smith as Bob and Ethan
* Jake Brennan as Butler Torso
* Susan Huckle as Debbie Torso
* Jack DeSena as Host of Texting Competition
* Aubrey K. Miller as Ellie

## Episodes
## Production
On August 3, 2012 the show was announced. On July 11, 2013 twenty more episodes were added. Filming began on September 14, 2013. It was moved to the fall and then to June 2013. It finally started on June 8, 2013.

## Reviews
The first episode was watched by 4.2 million people. The most watched episode is "#TheKillerTunaJump: #Freddie #Jade #Robbie" with 4.8 million people watching. The least watched episode is "#SecretSafe" 2.0 million people.  In December 2013 Common Sense Media rated it two stars and said it makes people laugh "at the expense of any realistic content."

## Awards
## International premieres
## References
## Other websites
* Official website
* *Sam & Cat* at Nick.com
*
Crown Royal

**Crown Royal** is a Canadian whisky. It is owned by Diageo after it was purchased when the Seagram portfolio was dissolved in 2000. Crown Royal is 40% alcohol by volume, 80 proof. It is the top-selling Canadian whisky in the United States.

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website
Raquel Alessi

**Raquel Nazzarena Alessi**  (born in Los Angeles, California on March 7, 1983) is an American actress. In summer 1989, in the *Kidsongs* VHS series, she replaced Divita Wright. She appeared in *Kidsongs: A Day at Camp* in 1989. She appeared with Kenny Ford, Jr. on *Kidsongs: Ride the Roller Coaster* in 1990. She had a cameo appearance in *Kidsongs: Very Silly Songs* in 1990. She left the VHS series in 1990. She was replaced by Ashley Nation in 1992.

## Other websites 
*
List of Sam & Cat episodes

This is a list of episodes from the American sitcom **Sam & Cat**, shown on Nickelodeon. It is a crossover / spin-off of the shows *Victorious* and *iCarly*. Sam Puckett and Cat Valentine meet in Los Angeles.  Sam moves in with Cat and they become best friends as well as babysitters. It started on June 8, 2013.

## Seasons

## Episode list
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
2014 Mount Everest avalanche

On 18 April 2014, an avalanche on Mount Everest killed 16 people and injured 9 others. The avalanche was caused by a serac which fell from the slopes of Everest above the icefall.

## References
Snohomish County, Washington

**Snohomish County** is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of 2020, its population was 827,957. The county seat is Everett.

## References
What would Reagan do?

**What would Reagan do?** (sometimes abbreviated **WWRD**) is a phrase that has become popular among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. It is based on *"What would Jesus do?"*. 

It is used as the belief in what former United States President Ronald Reagan would do in modern day problems. Reagan was a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians.

## References
Oswaldo Vigas

**Oswaldo Vigas** (4 August 1926 &ndash; 22 April 2014) was a Venezuelan painter and muralist. His work was in the form of Cubism. He was best known for winning the National Prize of Plastic Arts of Venezuela in 1952. He was born in Valencia, Carabobo.

Vigas died on 22 April 2014 in Caracas, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
*
Flag Tower of Hanoi

The **Flag Tower of Hanoi** () is a tower in Hanoi, Vietnam. It is one of the symbols of the city. It is part of the Hanoi Citadel, a World Heritage Site. The tower is  tall, not counting the flag. 

## History 
The tower was built in 1812. Unlike many other structures in Hanoi, it was not destroyed during the French administration (1896-1897). It was used as a military post. It is now in the Vietnam Military History Museum.

## Architecture 
The building has three tiers (levels). The tower is pyramid-shaped. A spiral staircase inside leads to the top. There are 42 windows. Of the windows, 36 are shaped like flowers and 6 are shaped like fans. The National Flag of Vietnam is on top of the tower.

The words "" (English: "To welcome dawn's sunlight") are on the eastern door. The words "" ("To reflect light") are on the western door. The words "" ("Directed to the sunlight") are on the southern door.

## Other websites
*A description of the tower 
*A photo of the tower 
*Satellite photo at Google Maps
Deon Jackson

**Deon Jackson** (January 26, 1946 &ndash; April 19, 2014) was an American soul singer, songwriter and educator. His best known songs were "Love Makes the World Go Round" (1966), "Love Takes a Long Time Growing" (1966) and "Ooh Baby" (1967). He was born Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Jackson died on April 19, 2014 at the age of 68.

## References
## Other websites
* Deon Jackson at All Music
National Dinosaur Museum

'' exhibit]]

The **National Dinosaur Museum** is a museum in Gold Creek Village, near Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. It has the southern hemisphere's largest permanent display of prehistoric items. The museum's exhibition shows the evolution of life, especially dinosaurs.

The museum is one of the most popular places to visit in the Australian Capital Territory. Each year, 100,000 people visit it.

The museum was established in 1993. Since then it has been steadily improved and updated. The earth science dinosaur-oriented displays are kept up to date with most recent discoveries in geology. Some of the museum's directors are local and international scientists and geologists. Major upgrades have were done in April and May 2012. Those included twelve new animatronic dinosaurs and many life size models both inside and outside the museum.

The museum has guided tours for school groups of all ages by appointment. It hosts birthday parties, "dance with dinosaurs" events for young children, private parties, corporate functions and dinosaur sleepovers during school holiday periods.

## Other websites
*National Dinosaur Museum
Netherlands Carillon

The **Netherlands Carillon** is a carillon in the Arlington National Cemetery near Washington D.C., United States. The carillon was a gift to the American people for helping the Dutch people during World War II.

## Other websites 
* the Netherlands Carillon in the National Park Service website
Thameslink

**Thameslink** is a route in the British railway system. It has 68 stations. It is  long. It runs north to south through London from Bedford to Brighton. It goes to London Gatwick Airport and London Luton Airport. It has a suburban loop that goes to Sutton and Wimbledon. On weekdays a suburban line goes through Catford and Bromley South to Sevenoaks. A peak service also runs between Wewlyn and Orpington. It opened as a through service in 1988. By 1998, it was very overcrowded, carrying more than 28,000 passengers in the morning peak. Almost all the services are currently operated by Thameslink.

## Other websites
* 
* Official Thameslink Programme website 
* Thameslink Programme - Network Rail

 Thameslink train towards Bedford.]]
Lick Observatory

The **Lick Observatory** is an astronomical observatory. It is owned and operated by the University of California. It is on Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range just east of San Jose, California, USA. The observatory is managed by the University of California Observatories. Its headquarters is on the campus of University of California, Santa Cruz.

## Significant discoveries
The following astronomical objects were discovered at Lick Observatory:
*Several moons of Jupiter
**Amalthea
**Ananke
**Elara
**Himalia
**Lysithea
**Sinope (disputed)
*Near-Earth asteroid (29075) 1950 DA
*Several extrasolar planets
**Quintuple planet system
***55 Cancri
**Triple planet system
***Upsilon Andromedae (with Whipple Observatory)
**Double planet systems
***HD 38529 (with Keck Observatory)
***HD 12661 (with Keck)
***Gliese 876 (with Keck)
***47 Ursae Majoris

## Issues 
Due to its proximity to San Jose, light pollution and skyglow are an issue for the observatory. This was fine in the past, as San Jose used sodium ion bulbs, whose light were easy to filter out. However, due to safety concerns, LED lights which cannot be filtered out have been installed in San Jose. San Jose dims its lights when the observatory is active.

## References
*
* Vasilevskis, S. and Osterbrock, D. E. (1989) "Charles Donald Shane" *Biographical Memoirs, Volume 58* pp.&nbsp;489–512, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 

## Further reading
* 
*

## Other websites
*Lick Observatory
*Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive
Carillon

A **carillon** is a musical instrument consisting of bells. Carillons are usually in bell towers, and are made up of at least 23 bells. (If there are less than 23 bells, the instrument is called a **chime**.) A church in Michigan, called Kirk in the Hills, has 77 bells, the most of any carillon.

The bells in a carillon are usually made to ring using a keyboard. It is similar to the one in a piano or organ, but is made up of wooden batons that are hit with closed  instead of pressing them with fingers (see the picture on the left). Each baton is linked to a bell with a different pitch and makes it ring out. The bell with the lowest pitch is called the "bourdon", and many carillons have pedal keyboards for the largest bells. The instrument is very heavy, and the world's heaviest carillon, which is in a New York City church, weights 91 tonnes.

Not all carillons use a keyboard. Some of them are automated, meaning they play music without a human. They can be controlled using a clockwork mechanism, similar to the one in Big Ben, so that the music plays at certain times every day. Two examples of this kind of carillon are the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin and the Munttoren in Amsterdam. More recent carillons, such as the one in the Peace Tower in Ottawa, are computer-controlled.

## Other websites 
*World Carillon Federation
*The Carillon. A history of the carillon with particular attention to the carillon and carillon music in the times of Johannes Vermeer.
Alfonso Márquez de la Plata

**Alfonso Márquez de la Plata Yrarrázaval** (19 July 1933 &ndash; 22 April 2014) was a Chilean politician, businessman and writer. He was Minister of Agriculture from 1977 until 1980. He was later the Ministry General Secretariat of Government from 1983 to 1984. He was born in Santiago.

Márquez died from pneumonia on 22 April 2014 in Santiago. He was 80.

## References