open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
New Glenn

**New Glenn** is a heavy-lift launch vehicle created and operated by the American company Blue Origin. It launches from Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 36 in Florida, with future missions planned from the Vandenberg Space Force Station in California.

The rocket is made of three parts: the first stage, the second stage, and the payload fairing (cargo holder).

The payload fairing is the lightweight shell that holds the cargo being sent to space. It is seven meters in diameter, which lets it hold larger objects. New Glenn is designed to launch satellites, cargo, and even people into space. When the rocket reaches space, the fairing splits apart and flies away into the atmosphere, where it melts apart.

## References
Aari language

**Aari** is a South Omotic language. It is spoken in the North Omo zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' region of southern Ethiopia. In 2007, there were about 298,300 speakers of Aari. The language is also known as Aarai, Ara, Ari or Aro."

## References
Pfullendorf

**Pfullendorf** is a town in Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. About 13,000 people live there. It is 25&nbsp;km² north of Lake Constance. This area is called the Linzgau. It was a Free Imperial City from 1220 to 1803.

## References
Harry Bild

**Harry Sven-Olof Bild** (18 December 1936 – 16 January 2025) was a Swedish professional footballer who played as a striker. He played for the Sweden men's national football team from 1957 to 1968, making 28 appearances.

Bild died from cancer on 16 January 2025, at the age of 88.

## References
FC Zürich

**Fussballclub Zürich** is a professional football club in Zurich, Switzerland. The club was founded in 1896. It has won the Swiss Super League 13 times and the Swiss Cup ten times.

The club plays its home games at the Letzigrund.

FC Zürich is the only Swiss team to have reached the semi-finals of the European Cup more than once. This happened in 1964 and 1977.

The women's club, FC Zürich Frauen, are competing in the Swiss Women's Super League. They are the most successful club in Switzerland with 22 championship titles and multiple Champions League participations.

## References
Jack Guittet

**Jack Guittet** (12 January 1930 – 16 January 2025) was a French fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team épée event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the 1959 Mediterranean Games where he won gold medals. Guittet was born in Casablanca, Morocco.

Guittet died on 16 January 2025 in Mignaloux-Beauvoir, France at the age of 95.

## References
Mignaloux-Beauvoir

**Mignaloux-Beauvoir** () is a commune from the Center-West of France. It is located in the south-eastern suburbs of Poitiers, in the Vienne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

## References
Melba Montgomery

**Melba Joyce Montgomery** (October 14, 1938 – January 15, 2025) was an American country music singer-songwriter. She was known for her duet recordings with George Jones, Gene Pitney and Charlie Louvin. Her most popular single, "No Charge", was released in 1974. Her career began in 1958. Montgomery was born in Iron City, Tennessee.

Montgomery died on January 15, 2025 at a care facility in Nashville, Tennessee from problems caused by dementia at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*
Iron City, Tennessee

**Iron City** is a census-designated place and former city in Lawrence County, Tennessee.

Iron City was incorporated as a city from 1887 to 1901, and again from 1962 until 2010, when its residents voted to disincorporate.

The United States Census treated Iron City as a census-designated place for both the 2010 and 2020 censuses. The population was 328 in 2010 and 274 in 2020.

## History
Iron City gets its name from an iron foundry that operated in its vicinity in the late 19th century. While iron ore was mined in southwestern Lawrence County as early as the 1830s, the industry really began to thrive in 1886, when a branch railroad line to the area was completed. Iron City incorporated the following year.

At its founding, the community of Iron City developed on the boundary between Lawrence and Wayne Counties, with portions historically extending into both. However, the Tennessee General Assembly passed Acts of 1877, Chapter 157, which moved the county line to follow the Lawrenceburg, Wayland Springs, and Florence road. This legislative change moved all territory south and east of that road into Lawrence County, effectively placing the entirety of Iron City within Lawrence County before its official incorporation. The community has since remained in Lawrence County.

At its height, Iron City supported a population of about 1,000 and included two hotels and two banks.
## References
Lawrenceburg, Tennessee

The city of **Lawrenceburg** is the county seat of Lawrence County, Tennessee, United States. It is the largest city on the state's southern border between Chattanooga and Memphis. The population was 11,633 at the 2020 United States Census.

## References
Dmitry Volkov (swimmer)

**Dmitry Arkadyevich Volkov** (30 March 1966 – 16 January 2025) was a Russian Olympic breaststroke swimmer. He swam at the 1988 and 1992 Olympics. He won two bronze medals at the 1988 Olympics. Volkov was born in Moscow, Russia.

Volkov died in Moscow on 16 January 2025 from cancer at the age of 58.

## References
Honda Crider

The **Honda Crider** is a compact Sedan made by Honda through the GAC Honda joint venture since 2013.

## First Generation (2013-2018) 
The Honda Crider was previewed by the Concept C shown at the Beijing Auto Show in 2012 the Crider was then launched in 2013. the car is positioned between the Honda City and the Civic it has 1.8 liter petrol engines with a 5-speed both manual automatic transmission and CVT transmissions the Crider was later facelifted.

## Second Generation (2018-present) 
The Second Generation of the Honda Crider was launched in 2018 the generation has a 1.0 liter petrol engine a hybrid version is also avaliable the version combines a 1.5 liter petrol engine with a electric motor the car has only a CVT transmission it got a facelift in 2021.

## Honda Envix 
The **Honda Envix** is a rebadged version of the Crider made by Dongfeng Honda that was launched in 2019 having a slightly different design the Envix has a 1.0 liter turbocharged petrol engine with a 6-speed manual transmission and a CVT transmission.

File:2019 Dongfeng-Honda Envix hybrid (front).jpg|Honda Envix Front View

## Markets 
The Honda Crider is sold only in China.

## References
Thick of It

"**Thick of It**" is a song by KSI. It was his No.1 in December 2024. It became very popular after people made fun of how "mid" the song was. It was released on 3 October 2024.

The album was called *Thick of It(Chorus)*. The song featured Trippie Redd which helped him compose the song.

## Popularity from TikTok and YouTube 
"Thick Of It" has gotten popularity from TikTok and YouTube mainly from the song being called "mid". That is a term used by Gen Z and Gen Alpha to refer to something thats in the middle basically its middle but shorten.

This song was used in many videos.

## References 
* https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/ksi-thick-of-it-gabb-music-chart-number-one-1235850234/
* https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/despite-fans-hating-ksis-song-052718429.html
* https://www.clashmusic.com/features/people-are-praying-for-my-downfall-ksi-in-conversation/
* https://music.apple.com/us/album/thick-of-it-low/1769091225
Ed Dwight

**Edward Joseph Dwight Jr.** (born September 9, 1933) is an American sculptor, author, former test pilot, and astronaut. He is the first African American to have entered the Air Force training program from which NASA picked astronauts. He was not selected to officially join NASA. 

Dwight finally was able to go to space in May 2024 on Blue Origin NS-25, becoming the oldest person to fly in space.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Didier Guillaume

**Didier Guillaume** (; 11 May 1959 – 17 January 2025) was a French politician. He was the minister of state of Monaco from 2024 to 2025. He was the minister of agriculture and food from 2018 to 2020. 

Guillaume was a member of the Socialist Party until 2018. He was President of the General Council of Drôme from 2004 to 2015. He was also a Senator for Drôme from 2008 to 2018.

Guillaume married Béatrice Frecenon-Guillaume in December 2024.

Guillaume was hospitalized on 10 January 2025 for an illness in Nice, France. He died a week later on 17 January at the age of 65.

## References
Gus Williams (basketball)

**Gus Williams** (October 10, 1953 – January 15, 2025) was an American professional basketball player. He was nicknamed "**the Wizard**". He won the NBA championship in 1979 while playing for the Seattle SuperSonics. He also played for the Golden State Warriors, Washington Bullets and Atlanta Hawks. His career lasted from 1975 to 1986.

Williams died on January 15, 2025 from problems caused by a stroke in Baltimore, Maryland at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
* Sonics.com tribute
*
* NBA.com History player file: Gus Williams
* Gus Williams – official website
Rosny Smarth

**Rosny Smarth** (19 October 1940 – 15 January 2025) was a Haitian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Haiti for a short time from 1996 to 1997. His political party was the OPL.

Smarth died on 15 January 2025, aged 84.

## References
Ladislav Hučko

**Ladislav Hučko** (16 February 1948 – 14 January 2025) was a Slovak hierarch of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church. He was the Apostolic Exarch of the Czech Republic from 2003 to 2025.

Hučko died in Prague, Czech Republic on 14 January 2025, at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
* Profile at Catholic-Hierarchy.org
* Profile at GCatholic.org
Tony Slattery

**Tony Declan James Slattery** (9 November 1959 – 14 January 2025) was a British actor and comedian. He was known for his appearances in *Whose Line Is It Anyway?*. He also appeared in some movies such as *The Crying Game*, ''Peter's Friends* and *How to Get Ahead in Advertising''.

Slattery was openly gay.

Slattery died on 14 January 2025 from problems caused by a heart attack, aged 65.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Tony Book

**Anthony Keith Book** (4 September 1934 – 13 January 2025) was an English football player and coach. He played as a right-back. Book was known for playing with the Manchester City from 1966 to 1974, making over 240 appearances for the team. He also managed the team from 1974 to 1979.

Book died on 13 January 2025 at the age of 90.

## References
Isaías Rodríguez

**Julián Isaías Rodríguez Díaz** (16 December 1942 – 12 January 2025) was a Venezuelan politician and lawyer. He was the Vice President of Venezuela from January 2000 to December 2000 under the Hugo Chávez administration.

Rodríguez died in Caracas, Venezuela on 12 January 2025, at the age of 82.

## References
Sigmaringendorf

**Sigmaringendorf** is a municipality in Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. In Sigmaringendorf the small river Lauchert flows into the Danube. It has an open-air-theatre called Waldbühne Sigmaringendorf. It has two localities are Sigmaringendorf and Laucherthal. The current mayor of Sigmaringendorf is Phillip Schwaiger since 2017.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Thelma Hopkins (athlete)

**Thelma Elizabeth Hopkins** (16 March 1936 – 10 January 2025) was a Northern Irish athlete. She competed in the high jump and the long jump. She won the high jump silver medal at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics and was European champion in 1954. 

In 1956, Hopkins set a new world high jump record with a leap of 1.74 metres in Belfast.

Hopkins died on 10 January 2025, at the age of 88 in Edmonton, Canada.

## References
Longin Pastusiak

**Longin Hieronim Pastusiak** (pronounced ; 22 August 1935 – 10 January 2025) was a Polish politician and historian. He was the Marshal of the Senate from 2001 to 2005. He was a member of the Democratic Left Alliance.

Pastusiak died on 10 January 2025, at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Senate of the Republic of Poland:  Longin Hieronim Pastusiak
Ponsacco

**Ponsacco** is a *comune* in the Province of Pisa in the Tuscany region in Italy.

## Twin towns 
*  Brignais, France
*  Nanoro, Burkina Faso
*  Treuchtlingen, Germany

## References
Eleanor Maguire

**Eleanor Anne Maguire** (27 March 1970 – 4 January 2025) was an Irish neuroscientist. She was the professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London. She was also a Wellcome Trust principal research fellow from 2007 until her death in 2025. 

Maguire died from cancer on 4 January 2025, at the age of 54.

## References
François Ponchaud

**François Ponchaud** (8 February 1939 – 17 January 2025) was a French Catholic priest and missionary to Cambodia. He was best known for his works in documenting the Cambodian genocide which happened under the Khmer Rouge (KR). He was one the first people to expose the human rights abuses being carried out at the time.

## References
Parisa Tabriz

**Parisa Tabriz** is an American engineer, computer security expert, and executive at Google. She works as a Vice President and General Manager of Google Chrome. She is also known by her unique job title, "Security Princess."

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Parisa Tabriz on Google Blog
Sallanches

**Sallanches** is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France. In 2018, the commune had a population of 16,508.

## References
CapCut

**CapCut**, known in China as **JianYing** () formerly **ViaMaker**, is a Chinese video editing app. It was created by ByteDance, the company that owns TikTok.

## History 
CapCut was first released in China in 2019. At first, it was only available for iPhone and Android. In 2020, it was renamed to CapCut (from ViaMaker). It also became available around the world. CapCut was later released to Mac and Windows devices.

In 2022, CapCut had 200 million active users. In March 2023, it was the second-most downloaded app in the US, behind the store Temu. CapCut has over 1 billion downloads on the Google Play Store.

## Features 
The free version of CapCut has many features. They include speeding up and slowing down clips, and the Auto Captions tool that can be used to generate video captions.

CapCut supports basic video editing functions. These include editing, trimming, and splitting clips. It allows the addition of new clips to projects but is limited to single-layer editing. However, the app supports overlay options that enable additional effects, including multi-layer editing. Users can also use many types of effects such as trending, opening and closing, nightclub, retro, glitch and distortion, vlog 3D, cartoon, dark and split. Users can export or save completed projects directly to different social media platforms.

## Brands 
* CapCut Mobile App
* CapCut Desktop
* CapCut for Business
* CapCut Dreamina
* CapCut Speech
* CapCut Pro
* CapCut Commerce Pro

## TikTok and CapCut ban 
On January 18 around 7:30-7:50, CapCut was made unavailable due to a ban signed by president (at the time) Joe Biden. There was a message saying "CapCut is temporarily unavailable" with a note on the bottom.

This ban would mean businesses would not be able to create edits, ads, or use AI to design products. This decision got many bad reactions but it did not take long for the main app ban the bill had tried banning, TikTok, to follow up being removed at around 8:30, an hour after CapCut's ban. On January 19 around 8:00 am, CapCut returned after president Donald Trump said he would extend the removal date by 75 days. Users could then see a message about how they are back online with media covering about it.

## References 
## Other websites 
*https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/capcut-launches-commerce-pro-package-retail-promotions/731955/
*https://www.fastcompany.com/91264338/capcut-ban-update-bytedance-video-editor-is-back-for-u-s-users-but-its-still-not-in-apple-and-google-app-stores
Stetten am kalten Markt

**Stetten am kalten Markt** is a municipality in Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The towns of Nusplingen, Frohnstetten, Storzingen and Glashütte are part of Stetten am kalten Markt. The current mayor of Stetten am kalten Markt is Maik Lehn from the CDU since 2015.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Schopfloch, Baden-Württemberg

**Schopfloch** is a municipality in Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is in the northern part of the Black Forest.

Schopfloch has three localities: **Schopfloch**, **Oberiflingen** and **Unteriflingen**.

## References
Schopfloch

**Schopfloch** is the name of two municipalities in Germany:
* Schopfloch, Baden-Württemberg, a municipality in the district of Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
* Schopfloch, Bavaria, a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria, Germany
Glatten

**Glatten** is a municipality in Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is an air health resort.

## References
Degree of substitution

In chemistry, the **degree of substitution** of a chemical compound is the number of substituents - more complex pieces of a large molecule - which have replaced parts of a simpler molecule to which the compound is related.

## Alkanes and alkyl compounds 
In alkanes, compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen, each carbon atom is assigned a degree of substitution based on the number of bonds it has to other carbon atoms:
* A carbon atom bonded to a single other carbon atom is a **primary carbon (1°)**. These are normally the "ends" of carbon chains. The carbon atom in methane is also considered a primary carbon by convention.
* A carbon atom bonded to two other carbon atoms is a **secondary carbon (2°)**. Most alkanes are mostly made up of secondary carbons.
* A carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms is a **tertiary carbon (3°)**. Isobutane is the simplest compound containing a tertiary carbon.
* A carbon atom bonded to four other carbon atoms is a **quaternary carbon (4°)**. Neopentane is the simplest compound containing a quaternary carbon.

Alkyl groups and some alkane derivatives like alcohols are sometimes named by the degree of the carbon where it connects to the rest of the molecule. For example, there are four isomers of butanol, but only one of them has the hydroxyl group connected to a tertiary carbon, so that specific isomer is called tert-butyl alcohol (short for tertiary butyl alcohol).

## Amines 
Amines have their degree based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom:
* A **primary amine (1°)** has one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms. Methylamine is the simplest primary amine.
* A **secondary amine (2°)** has two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom. Dimethylamine is the simplest secondary amine.
* A **tertiary amine (3°)** has three carbon atoms all bonded to the hydrogen atom. Trimethylamine is the simplest tertiary amine.

Much like ammonia () can gain a hydrogen atom to become ammonium (), it is possible for organic nitrogen to be attached to a fourth carbon atom in a polyatomic cation. These compounds are known as quaternary ammonium cations.

## References
Acid dissociation constant

The **acid dissociation constant** is a number that measures the strength of an acid. The constant is written as K_a, and its negative logarithm as \mathrm{p}K_a. Chemists usually talk about pKa instead of Ka because of the size of the numbers involved.

A higher Ka, or lower pKa, indicates a stronger acid: an acid with a pKa of 2 is ten times as acidic as an acid with a pKa of 3.

Some acids, called polyprotic acids, have more than one 
(acidic) hydrogen, so they dissociate in more than one step. Each step has its own pKa value:
* Sulfuric acid () is a biprotic acid, meaning it has two hydrogen atoms it can give up. It has a pKa of -2.8 to give up its first hydrogen and become bisulfate.
* Bisulfate () is the conjugate base of sulfuric acid. It still has one of the acid's two hydrogens, and has a pKa of 1.99 to give it up and become sulfate.
* Sulfate () has no hydrogen atoms and no pKa.

## Relationship to pH 
In chemistry, the "p" indicates the negative logarithm of a number. Both pH and pKa are negative logarithms used to measure strength of acids and bases, but pH is a property of a solution, rather than a specific acid or base.

A different solution of the same acid can have differing pH depending on the amount of acid, or what else it is mixed with, but the acid will always have the same pKa as long as it's in the same solvent (and at the same temperature).

## References
Freudenstadt

**Freudenstadt** is a town in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The town is the capital of the district of Freudenstadt. About 24,000 people live there. It is a climatic health and Kneipp spa resort. Freudenstadt is very famous for its market square. Together with the communities of Freudenstadt, Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach and Seewald belongs to the Administrative Community of Freudenstadt. It was founded in 1599 by Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg.

## References
Oliviero Toscani

**Oliviero Toscani** (28 February 1942 – 13 January 2025) was an Italian photographer. He was known for designing controversial advertising campaigns for Italian brand Benetton from 1982 to 2000.

Toscani was hospitalised on 10 January 2025 in Cecina, Italy for problems caused by amyloidosis. He died three days later on 13 January, at the age of 82.

## References
Irwin Stotzky

Irwin P. Stotzky, or simply **Irwin Stotzky**, is a law professor at the University of Miami. Stotzky is the founder of the University of Miami Center for the Study of Human Rights, serving as its Director. Stotzky received his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1974.

## Career
Stotzky has been representing mainly Haitian refugees for over four decades.

## Personal life
Stotzky's wife is Audrey Goldman. They have 2 children.

## Awards
## Selected work
### Books
## References
Limor

**Limor** (Hebrew: לימור) is a Hebrew female name. 

## Notable individuals named Limor
* Limor Fix
* Limor Fried
* Limor Zaltz
* Limor Livnat
* Limor Shifman
* Limor Mizrachi
* Limor Friedman
* Limor Blockman
* Limor Magen Telem
* Limor Son Har-Melech
* Limor Aharonson-Daniel
* Limor Schreibman-Sharir
* Limor Shmerling Magazanik

## Related pages
* Tamar
* Yiddish
* Mizrahi Jews
* Maghrebi Jews
* Sephardic Jews
* Ashkenazi Jews
* Ladino language
Kressbronn am Bodensee

**Kressbronn am Bodensee** is a municipality in Bodensee in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is on the Lake Constance.

## References
Scheer

**Scheer** is a town in Sigmaringen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the Danube and is 6&nbsp;km east of Sigmaringen.

## References
Pfalzgrafenweiler

**Pfalzgrafenweiler** is a municipality in Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Twin towns 
*  La Loupe, France

## References
Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach

**Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach** is a municipality in Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

The municipality is divided into two villages: Bad Rippoldsau and Schapbach. Bad Rippoldsau has an elevation of 560&nbsp;m and Schapbach has an elevation of 410&nbsp;m.

## References
Wörnersberg

**Wörnersberg** is a municipality in Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

## References
West Kelowna

]]
**West Kelowna**, sometimes known as **Westbank**, is a city in British Columbia located on the west shore of the Okanagan Lake. West Kelowna is formed in 2007 as a municipality known as **Westside** from 2007 to 2009. After January 2009, the municipality's name was changed from Westside to West Kelowna. The municipality became a city on June 2015. The population of the city is about 36,078 as of 2021.

## Related pages
*Kelowna

## Other websites
*
Dornstetten

**Dornstetten** is a town in Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is in the Black Forest,  east of Freudenstadt. Dornstetten is known for its half-timbered houses.

## Sights 
* Doll and Toy Museum
* Himmlisch Heer, a historic mine in Hallwangen
* Barefoot Park in Hallwangen

## References
Honda Freed

The **Honda Freed** is a mini MPV made by Honda since 2008 it replaced the first generation Honda Mobillio in Japan.

## First Generation (2008-2016) 
The first generation Honda Freed was launched in 2008 this gen shares its platform with the Fit/Jazz it has the same engine from the Fit and the Honda City which is a 1.5 liter petrol engine with a 5-speed automatic CVT transmission. the Freed also has a hybrid version this version combines a 1.5 liter petrol engine with a electric motor.

Honda also released a "soul twinbrother" of the MPV called Freed Spike this version was sold only in Japan. and the Freed was later facelifted in 2011.

## Second Generation (2016-2024) 
The Second Generation of the Honda Freed was shown in June 2016 later  in September it was launched in Japan. the Freed has the same design as the previous gen but it has updated grills and lights and there's also the Freed X a five-seater version that replaced the Freed Spike.

the second generation has also a 1.4 liter petrol engine with a hybrid version and a CVT transmission and a 7-speed automatic transmission (availiable only in the hybrid version) it was facelifted in 2019.

## Third Generation (2024-present) 
The Third generation was shown in May 2024 and launched in June 2024. like the previous gens it also has petrol and hybrid versions and has two versions which are:the air and a rugged crossover-style version called the Crosstar the air comes with a three-row 6 seating while the Crosstar has a two-row 5 seating the third generation won the Japan car of the year in 2024 and 2025.

## Markets 
The Honda Freed is sold only in the Japanese market it was previously sold in Thailand Malaysia Singapore and Hong Kong in Indonesia starting 2009 the first generation was sold and produced locally there in Karawang the Freed was then discontinued in the Indonesian market in 2014 due to weak sales.

## References
Allobates pittieri

'''Pittier's Little Frog'* (*Allobates pittieri*) is a frog.  It lives in Venezuela.

## Home
This frog is awake during the day. It lives on the ground in forests. It usually lives near streams but can go far from them. These frogs eat ants. Scientists have seen the frog between 115 and 1700 meters above sea level.

The place where this frog lives has at least six protected parks in it: Juan Crisóstomo Falcón National Park, Morrocoy National Park, San Esteban National Park, Henri Pittier National Park, Yacambú National Park, and Guáquira Ecological Reserve. Scientists think it could live in Terepaima National Park, Tirgua National Park and Yasuni National Park too.

## Young
After the eggs hatch, the male adult frog carries the tadpoles to water.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, people cut down forests to make places for tourists and to make farms, for example coffee farms. Fires and bad chemicals can also hurt this frog.  Scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis could hurt this frog. Scientists have found the fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'' on the frog.

## First paper
*

## References
Schwenningen

**Schwenningen** is the name of three places in Germany:
* Schwenningen, Bavaria
* Schwenningen, Sigmaringen
* Villingen-Schwenningen
Maha Kumbh (Prayagraj) 2025

The **2025 Prayag Kumbh Mela** also referred to as the **2025 Maha Kumbh**, is the ongoing iteration of the Maha Kumbh Mela, scheduled to take place from 13 January to 26 February 2025, at the Triveni Sangam in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. This special Maha Kumbh Mela marks the completion of 12 Kumbh Mela cycles, making it a once-in-144-years event. It was span up to 44 days and hosted approximately 660 million visitors.

The Kumbh Mela is a significant Hindu event held approximately every 12 years, rotating among four locations - Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nashik. The site of each Kumbh Mela is decided by the astrological alignment of Jupiter (Guru), Sun (Surya), and Moon (Chandra).

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website
Elgar Howarth

**Elgar Howarth** (4 November 1935 – 13 January 2025) was an English conductor, composer and trumpeter. He conducted Ligeti's *Le Grand Macabre* and four operas by Harrison Birtwistle. He composed mainly music for brass instruments and brass bands. He was one of the trumpeters who performed with The Beatles on the song "Magical Mystery Tour".

Howarth died on 13 January 2025, at the age of 89.

## References
2014-15 Austrian football championship

The **2014-15 Austrian football championship** was the 104th season of a top Austrian league and the 41st  under the name Bundesliga. The league was played by ten teams. They determined the Austrian football champions in four rounds. Lower Austria, Salzburg and Vienna each had two clubs, Carinthia, Upper Austria, Styria and Vorarlberg each had one. Burgenland and Tyrol were not represented by any team in Austria's top division.  SCR Altach was promoted to the Bundesliga.  In the 2014-15 season, as in previous years, ten clubs competed against each other in a total of 36 rounds. Each team played twice at home and away against every other team. FC Red Bull Salzburg secured the championship title. It was the 9th title. 

The sports betting provider Tipico appeared as the main sponsor for the first time this season, which is why the official league name is Tipico-Bundesliga. Therefore he official league name is now *Tipico-Bundesliga*. The TV provider *sky Deutschland AG* had the rights to show all Bundesliga games in full length. They were broadcasted on *Sky Sport Austria* channel .

## Final table
## Matches 
## Top scorer
## References
David Kämpf

**David Kämpf** (born 12 January 1995) is a Czech professional ice hockey forward. He currently plays for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Toronto Marlies (AHL), Chicago Blackhawks and Piráti Chomutov of the Czech Extraliga (ELH).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Kämpf played parts of 4 seasons with the Piráti Chomutov of the Czech Extraliga (ELH).

He was not drafted by NHL team. On 1 May 2017, Kämpf decided to opt out of his contract with Piráti Chomutov and signed a two-year, entry-level contract to join the Chicago Blackhawks. On 28 December, Kämpf made his NHL debut in a 5-2 loss against the Vancouver Canucks. On 3 January 2018, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Patrick Sharp goal in a 5-2 win against the New York Rangers. On 12 January 2019, Kämpf scored his first NHL goal in a 2–1 win against the Winnipeg Jets.

On 28 July 2021, Kämpf signed a two-year, $3 million contract to join the Toronto Maple Leafs.

On 28 June 2023, the Maple Leafs signed Kämpf to a four-year, $9.6 million extension to stay with the team.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Koli rebellion of Pethapur (Gujarat)

The Kolis of Pethapur killed the 50th governor of Gujarat Haider Kuli Khan and his officer Kasam Ali Khan in the battle at Pethapur.

In 1739, Kolis of Pethapur attacked on the author of Mirat-I-Ahmadi, Mirza Mahamad Hasan (also known as Ali Mahamad Khan) when he was returning from Sabar Kantha with some security personals and soldiers. In this struggle, Kolis killed the few soldiers of author and wounded the Mirza Mahamad Hasan.

The Koli Rebellion of Pethapur in Gujarat is a lesser-known historical episode involving the Koli community, which has had a long history of socio-political and economic struggles. Historically, the Kolis of Gujarat have been recognized as a warrior caste with a significant presence in the region, including involvement in uprisings against rulers and colonial powers.

Pethapur, once a princely state under the Vaghela dynasty, was an important location during British rule and earlier periods. The Kolis in this region were involved in various forms of resistance, often due to oppressive taxation, land disputes, or exclusion from socio-political privileges. Specific details about the Koli rebellion in Pethapur, however, remain sparse in mainstream sources, though it reflects the broader historical narrative of Koli uprisings in Gujarat, such as the Navsari and Rajpipla uprisings.

## References
Cole Caufield

**Cole Caufield** (born January 2, 2001) is a Canadian-American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Caufield played parts of 2 seasons with the USA Hockey National Team Development Program of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and 2 years with the Wisconsin Badgers of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). With the USNTDP, Caufield set the all-time record for the most goals scored in a season with 72 goals. This broke the last record held by Phil Kessel. Caufield also had a very successful university career. He was named a back-to-back Big Ten Scoring Champion and was named to the Big Ten All-Freshman Team, the All-First Team, and the Big Ten Freshman of the Year.

He was drafted 15th overall overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2019 NHL Entry Draft. On March 27, 2021, Caufield signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Canadiens.

On April 26, Caufield made his NHL debut in a 2-1 win against the Calgary Flames. May 1, he scored his first NHL goal in a 3-2 overtime win against the Ottawa Senators.
In March 2022, Caufield was named as the NHL Rookie of the Month, leading all rookies with 7 goals and 15 points.

On June 5, 2023, Caufield signed an eight-year, $62.8 million extension to stay with the Canadiens.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Hagnau am Bodensee

**Hagnau am Bodensee** is a municipality in Bodensee in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is on the northern shore of Lake Constance.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Homepage of Hagnau, Lake Constance
Jean Penders

**Johannes Josephus Maria “Jean” Penders** (5 April 1939 – 13 January 2025) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Catholic People's Party and from 1980 of Christian Democratic Appeal. He served as a member for the European Parliament between 1979 and 1994.

Penders died in Leidschendam on 13 January 2025, at the age of 85.

## References
Bois-le-Roi, Seine-et-Marne

**Bois-le-Roi** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Seine-et-Marne department in north-central France.

## References
Pasig River Lighthouse

## History
'', a traditional Filipino fishing raft made from bamboo. This photograph was taken circa-1900–1902.|237x237px]]

The first **Pasig River Lighthouse** tower was erected and later lit on September 1, 1846  — at the site of a light station installed in 1642 by the Philippines' Spanish colonial government.  From its location at the mouth of the historic Pasig River, which divides Manila into north and south sections, the light was a welcoming beacon for all mariners of inter-island vessels entering the Pasig River and bringing their vessels up for berthing along its busy wharves.

In 1870, the light apparatus of the lighthouse was replaced with a new fixed red light with a shorter visibility because of its color, but easily distinguishable from the other lights of the city than the former white. The 1877 almanac, *"Anuario Filipino para 1877"*, noted that the color of the lighthouse was changed from white to yellow *(amarillo)* and was manned by two lighthouse keepers. The white tower had an effective focal point height of  above sea level and sat at the end of the north jetty at the Pasig River mouth. Its original light was a fixed white light visible for . constructed with reinforced concrete. The lighthouse had a conical structure with a focal plane of 43 feet (13 m) above water and a tower height of 46 feet (14 m), slightly shorter than the old tower at 49 feet (15 m).

## Coast Guard Station
The Philippine Coast Guard Station of Manila located itself adjacent to the lighthouse; as all lighthouses in the Philippines and other aids to navigation are maintained by the *Maritime Safety Services Command* division of the Philippine Coast Guard. In 1992, the legacy Pasig River Lighthouse was demolished without explanation despite its historical significance, and replaced with a modern structure.

## References
## Other websites
* Spanish Lighthouses of the Philippines
* Images of the new lighthouse from *Backpacking Philippines and Asia.*
* Maritime Safety Services Command
Langenargen

**Langenargen** is a municipality in Bodensee in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Twin towns 
Langenargen is twinned with:
*  Arbon, Switzerland (1963)
*  Höckendorf, Germany (1990)
*  Bois-le-Roi, Seine-et-Marne, France (1991)  
*  Noli, Italy (2005)

## References
Noli

**Noli** is a *comune* in the Province of Savona in the Liguria region in Italy.

It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). The Republic of Noli was an independent republic from 1193 until 1797.

## Twin towns 
Noli is twinned with:
*  Langenargen, Germany

## References
Bernoy-le-Château

**Bernoy-le-Château** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Aisne department in north France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2023 and consists of the former communes of Berzy-le-Sec and Noyant-et-Aconin (the seat).

## References
Manuëla Kemp

**Manuëla “Maan” Kemp** (13 February 1963 – 17 January 2025) was a Dutch singer and television presenter.

Kemp was the television presenter of among others *Nationale Postcode Loterij* within the quiz programm *De 64.000 gulden vraag*, *Eigen Huis & Tuin*, *Wie-O-Wie*, *Twee Vrouwen op Stap in...*, *Maan bij Nacht*, ''* and *De vrienden van Amstel LIVE!''.

In April 2000 she was in the Dutch Playboy magazine. After moved to the Netherlands she died on 17 January 2025 at the Tergooi Hospital in Hilversum at the age of 61.

## References
Culoz-Béon

**Culoz-Béon** is a commune. It is in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in east France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2023 and consists of the former communes of Culoz (the seat) and Béon.

## References
Cœur-de-la-Vallée

**Cœur-de-la-Vallée** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Marne department in northeast France.
The municipality was created on 1 January 2023 and consists of the former communes of Reuil (the seat), Binson-et-Orquigny and Villers-sous-Châtillon.

## Related pages 
* Communes of the Marne department

## References
Terval

**Terval** is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Vendée department in west France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2023 and consists of the former communes of La Tardière (the seat), Breuil-Barret and La Chapelle-aux-Lys.

## References
Honda Mobilio

The **Honda Mobilio** is a Mini MPV made by Honda.

## First Generation (2001-2008) 
The Honda Mobilio was launched in December 2001. It has 7 seater and had a fuel economy of 17.2 km/l. The Mobilio has 1.5 liter and 1.5 liter VTEC petrol engines and a CVT transmission. The Mobilio has a boxier version called the Mobilio Spike that was launched in 2002. The Mobilio was facelifted in 2004 and the Spile version in 2005. It was discontinued in 2008 and replaced by the Honda Freed.

## Second Generation (2014-present) 
Honda revived the Mobilio name in a MPV that shares its platform with the Honda Brio and is made mainly for Indonesia. The Mobilio was developed by Honda R&D Asia Pacific. It was first showed as a prototype in 21ist Indonesia International Auto Show in 2013. The production began on 15 January 2014 the same year it was put on sale in Indonesia. In the same year, it won The Car Of Otomotiv reward 2014.

The MPV has a 1.5 liter petrol engine and a 1.5 liter turbo Diesel engine with a 5-speed manual and CVT transmissions. Later, the MPV got facelifted in 2017.

## Markets 
The first generation Honda Mobilio was sold only in Japan while the Second generation is sold mainly in Indonesia and also in Thailand. It was sold in South Africa, Philipines, and India. In India it was discontinued in 2017, and in 2021 in Philipines due to weak sales.

## References
Val-d'Usiers

'''Val-d'Usiers''' is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2024 and consists of the former communes of Bians-les-Usiers (the seat), Goux-les-Usiers and Sombacour.

## References
Markdorf

**Markdorf** is a town in Bodensee in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The town is near Lake Constance. It is 10&nbsp;km northwest of Friedrichshafen. It is at the foot of the Gehrenberg mountain. The current mayor of Markdorf is Georg Riedmann from the CDU since 2013.

Markdorf was first mentioned in 817 AD. It got city rights since 1250. It was host to the church council before it was moved to Konstanz.

## References
Saraswati River

The **Sarasvati River** is an ancient river mentioned in the Indian *Rigveda* and other Hindu texts. It was considered sacred and significant during the Vedic period, described as a powerful and holy river.

## Location and history 
The Sarasvati is believed to have flowed in northwestern India and later dried up. Some scholars identify it with the present-day Ghaggar-Hakra River, while others link it to the Helmand River in Afghanistan. 

Satellite studies have shown that the Ghaggar-Hakra once had significant water flows but became seasonal due to changes in climate and geography. This drying up is often linked to changes in the Indus Valley Civilization.

## Sarasvati in Hindu culture 
In Hindu mythology, the Sarasvati is also a goddess of knowledge, wisdom, and learning. 

The river is considered part of the confluence at the Triveni Sangam in Prayagraj, where the Ganges, Yamuna, and Sarasvati (believed to flow underground) meet. This place is a significant religious site. Sarasvati is seen as a symbol of purity and inspiration in Hindu culture.

## Archaeological evidence 
Many sites of the Indus Valley Civilization are located along the dry bed of the Sarasvati. This suggests that the river played an important role in the growth of these ancient settlements.

## Modern research and revival 
Modern researchers in India are working to study the river's route using satellite imagery and archaeological methods. Efforts are being made to revive parts of the Sarasvati’s route to preserve its cultural and historical importance.

## Related pages 
* Rigveda
* Indus Valley Civilization
* Ghaggar-Hakra River

## References 
## Other websites 
* Sarasvati on Encyclopaedia Britannica
* Research on Sarasvati River - The Hindu
Rezvani Tank

The **Rezvani Tank** is a mid-size SUV made by Rezvani since 2017.

## First Generation (2017-2020) 
The Rezvani Tank was revealed for the first time in 2017. around this time Rezvani decided to make a partnership with Jeep as a result the Rezvani Tank uses the plataform of the Jeep Wrangler. the Tank has a 6.4 liter hemi V8 petrol engine with a 8-speed automatic transmission.

## Second Generation (2020-present) 
The Second generation of the Rezvani Tank was revealed in 2019 this time its based on the Jl model of the Wrangler. and has a 6.2 liter V8 petrol engine from the Dodge Challenger and a 3.6 liter V6 petrol engine all with a 8-speed automatic transmission the Tank also have features Like bulletproof armour bulletproof glass and etc.

## Markets 
The Rezvani Tank is sold mainly in The American market.

## References
Meckenbeuren

**Meckenbeuren** is a municipality in Bodensee in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The current mayor of Meckenbeuren is Georg Schellinger since 2022.

## Geography 
### Location 
Meckenbeuren is about  north of Friedrichshafen and  south of Ravensburg in the lower Schussental valley near Lake Constance.

### Districts 
The municipality of Meckenbeuren includes the core town of Obermeckenbeuren (since 1810). The former municipalities were incorporated in 1937 and current districts of Brochenzell and Liebenau (with the hamlets of Brugg, Hegenberg, Hirschach, Knellesberg, Langentrog, Schwarzenbach, Senglingen and Weiler, the farms of Berg, Buch, Furt, Hasenwinkel, Hohenreute, Holzbauer, Hungersberg, Kratzerach, Laufenen, Lohner, Madenreute, Mühlebach, Ottmarsreute, Rebholz, Regulator, Reuter, Sandgrub, Stengele, Straß, Untertennennenmoos and the houses Habacht). The village of Kehlen was incorporated in 1972 (with the villages of Kehlen and Reute, the hamlets of Buch, Gerbertshaus, Gunzenhaus, Holzreute, Lochbrücke, Sammletshofen, Sassen, Schürten, Schuppenwies, Sibratshaus and Siglishofen, the farms of Großbuch, Hechelfurt and Schindelhof as well as the houses Schübelbeer).

## Main sights 
* Ravensburger Spieleland, a 25 hectare amusement park in Liebenau
* Humpismuseum (Humpis Museum) in the Humpisschloss (Humpis Castle) in Brochenzell
* Schloss Liebenau (Liebenau Castle)

### Gallery 

   Meckenbeuren Liebenau Ravensburger Spieleland Eingang.jpg|Ravensburger Spieleland (amusement park)
   Humpisschloss Brochenzell.jpg|Humpisschloss in Brochenzell
   Meckenbeuren Stiftung Liebenau Schloss.jpg|Schloss Liebenau (Liebenau Castle)

## Twin towns 
Meckenbeuren is twinned with:
*   Hohwald, Germany, since 1991 
*  Kehlen, Luxembourg, since 1993

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Allobates subfolionidificans

***Allobates subfolionidificans*** is a frog.  It lives in the state of Acre in Brazil.

## Home
This frog lives in the Amazon. It can live in forests that have never been cut down and in forestst that are growing back. Scientists have seen the frog 136 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog in protected parks: Área de Proteção Ambiental Igarapé São Francisco, Área de Proteção Raimundo Irineu Serra, and Parque Zoobotânico da Universidade Federal do Acre.

## Young
The male frog sits on leaves or branches in the dead leaves on the ground. The female frog lays her eggs on the undersides of leaves between 0 and 10 cm above the ground. She lays one group of eggs in each place. There are 8-10 eggs in each group.  The eggs are white in color.

The tadpoles live on the undersides of the leaves for a while. Then the male frog carries them to water, where they swim and grow into frogs.

Each male frog can have more than one group of eggs. They average 1-3 groups per season.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out, but it can only live in forests.  In eastern Acre, people cut down forests to make towns and farms. This can hurt the frogs in those places.

## First paper
*

## References
Mikey D

**Michael Anthony Deering** (born November 25, 1967), known by his stage name **Mikey D**, is an American rapper, best known for being a lead member of the groups **Mikey D & The L.A. Posse** and Main Source.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Mikey D's Distribution Company
Lynching of Will Sherod

**Will Sherod** was an African-American man who was lynched in Braggadocio, Missouri, on May 22, 1927, after being accused of assaulting a woman.
## Lynching
On May 21, 1927, Ella Hendershot, a 31-year-old widow with two children, was assaulted. That night, she called the police and described the person who did it. Her description led the police to suspect Will Sherod, a 30-year-old Black man. The following day, when they tried to arrest Sherod, he tried to run away. An officer fired two shots. The shots hit Sherod's right arm and right shoulder. He was taken to the jail in nearby Caruthersville.

At about ten o'clock on May 22, a mob of 20 men kidnapped Sherod. They brought him back to the town. Half an hour later, they had hanged him in the town square on a temporary scaffolding. He had about twelve bullet shots on his body. Sherod was left there until the following morning, when officers came to look into the matter.
## Aftermath
No members of the mob were ever arrested. The sheriff said that most of the members of the mob wore masks. He couldn't recognize the ones who didn't. No witnesses ever came forward to identify mob members.
## References