open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tyrone Power

**Tyrone Edmund Power, Jr.** (May 5, 1914 – November 15, 1958) or **Ty Power**, was an American movie, television, radio and stage actor who appeared in dozens of movies from the 1930s to the 1950s, but is mostly known for his roles in *The Mark of Zorro*, *Blood and Sand*, *The Black Swan*, *Prince of Foxes*, *The Black Rose*, and *Captain from Castile*.

Power was born on May 5, 1914 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Power was married to Annebella from 1939 until they divorced in 1948. He was married to Linda Christian from 1949 until they divorced in 1956. He was married to Debbie Ann Minardos from 1958 until his death in 1958. He had two children with Christian, and one with Minardos. Power died on November 15, 1958 in Madrid, Spain from a heart attack, aged 44.

## References
## Other websites
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*Tyrone Power, King of 20th Century-Fox
Michael Murphy

**Michael George Murphy** (born May 5, 1938) is an American movie, stage, voice and television actor who is known for his roles as Yale Pollack in *Manhattan* and as the Mayor in *Batman Returns*. He has won an Gemini Award.

Murphy was born on May 5, 1938 in Los Angeles, California. He studied at the University of California at Los Angeles. Murphy was married to Wendy Crewson from 1988 until they divorced in 2009. They had two children.

## References
## Other websites
*
List of cities in Venezuela

, Capital of Venezuela]]
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This is a list of cities, towns and communities in Venezuela.  Capitals of states are marked with a *.

## References
* Largest cities in Venezuela
* Instituto Nacional de Estadística  - Publicaciones/Demografica/Cuadro3
List of cities in Vietnam

This is a list of cities in Vietnam.
## Centrally-controlled municipalities
There are five centrally-controlled municipalities in Vietnam. 

## Provincial municipalities
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Here is a list of provincial municipalities (*thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh*) in Vietnam.

## References
List of cities in Western Sahara

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The following are **cities in Western Sahara**, listed by population. Due to an ongoing conflict over the territory, most are controlled by Morocco. The eastern and southern parts are controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).

## References
Wendy Crewson

**Wendy Jane Crewson** (born May 9, 1956) is a Canadian movie, television, voice, and stage actress who is known for her role in *The Santa Clause*, *The Santa Clause 2*, *The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause*, *Better Than Chocolate*, *Air Force One* and *Room*. She won an Gemini Award.

Crewson was born on May 9, 1956 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. She studied at Queen's University and at Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art. Crewson was married to Michael Murphy from 1988 until they divorced in 2009. They had two children.

Crewson openly came out as a lesbian in 2014.

## References
## Other websites
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Terrence Howard

**Terrence Howard** (March 11 1969) is an American actor and singer who has starred in many movies. He did *Hustle & Flow* and *Crash* (2004). His acting career began around 1992. He was born in Chicago and raised in Cleveland, Ohio.

## Filmography
Christopher Guest

**Christopher Haden-Guest, 5th Baron Haden-Guest** (born February 5, 1948), usually simply known as **Christopher Guest**, is an English-American actor, comedian, director, musician, and screenwriter. He is known for his work in *This Is Spinal Tap*, *The Princess Bride*, *Best in Show*, *A Mighty Wind*, and in *For Your Consideration*. He has won an Emmy Award.

## Biography
Guest was born on February 5, 1948 in New York City, New York. He studied at The High School of Music & Art and at New York University.

Guest married Jamie Lee Curtis in 1984. They have two adopted children.

## References
## Other websites
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Lipid bilayer

bilayer cross section is made up entirely of phosphatidylcholine.]]

**Lipid bilayers** form cell membranes. They form a continuous sheet around all cells, and they surround most cell organelles. Lipid bilayers form automatically from **phospholipids** by self-assembly.

The phospholipids have  heads which mix with water and tails which reject water. So the tails come together in the centre of the double layer, and the heads on the outside are surrounded by water. 

The lipid bilayers stop most water-soluble (hydrophilic) molecules passing through. They also stop most ions.

In cells, proteins are put in the bilayer by enzymes. The proteins decide which molecules come in and which go out of the cell. For example, cells control salt concentrations and pH by pumping ions across their membranes using proteins called ion pumps.
John Letford

**John Letford** MBE (born 29 August 1935) is a Scottish politician.  He was the Lord Provost of Dundee from 2003 to 2012. The new Lord Provost is Bob Duncan.

On 24 March 2009, Letford resigned from the Labour Group on Dundee City Council. He became an independent councillor.

## References
Alcester Grammar School

**Alcester Grammar School** is a grammar school in a town called Alcester, in the county of Warwickshire. It is a local authority school, which means it is not fee-paying. It is, however, selective. This means it is meant for pupils of above average intelligence.

The youngest children are 11. The oldest are 18. Children join when they are 11 or when they are 16. When they are 11 they take a test to get in. The test is called the Eleven plus. 16 year old children can join if they have good GCSE exam grades elsewhere.

Children at Alcester Grammar School take the GCSE exams. GCSEs are exams that all children who live in England take.

## About the school 
Alcester Grammar is a very successful, selective, rural, grammar school. It offers courses at National Curriculum and post 16 levels. The school has a large VI form and offers one of the widest ranges of both 'A' and 'AS' levels in the country.

The school website says: 
The school sets out to provide a relaxed and constructive atmosphere, in which pupils are encouraged to develop their individual talents. Since it is school, boys and girls are jointly involved in most aspects of school life. We have no doubt that co-education is a fitting preparation for life.

There are about 1000 children.

## School Awards
Alcester Grammar School got an 'outstanding' rating in their OFSTED inspection.

## Famous people who went to Alcester Grammar School
* Sarah Douglas, actress
* Simon Davis, comics artist
* Andrew Pozzi, Olympic hurdler

## References
## Other websites
* Alcester Grammar School's Website
* Alcester Grammar School Sixth Form Website
* The Warwickshire County Council page for AGS 
* [The OFSTED page for AGS, including their Inspection Report](http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_providers/full/(urn)/125770)
Catherine O'Hara

'''Catherine Anne O'Hara'*,  (March 4, 1954 – January 30, 2026) was a Canadian-American movie, television, stage, voice actress, writer and comedian. She was well known for her roles in *SCTV* and *Schitt's Creek*, and her roles in movies such as in *After Hours*, *Beetlejuice*, *Home Alone*, and *The Nightmare Before Christmas''. She won two Emmy Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award.

O'Hara was also known for her role as Moira Rose in the award-winning series ''Schitt's Creek''.

O'Hara was born on March 4, 1954 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. O'Hara studied at Burnhamthorpe Collegiate Institute. She was married to Bo Welch from 1992 until her death. They had two children.

O'Hara died on January 30, 2026 at a local hospital in Santa Monica, California from a pulmonary embolism caused by rectal cancer at the age of 71.

## References
## Other websites
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Mantoux test

The **Mantoux test** is a test developed to detect tuberculosis. In the year 1890, Robert Koch developed tuberculin, as a treatment for tuberculosis. The substance proved ineffective to treat the disease, today it is commonly used to detect it, though. Tuberculin is a substance based on the pathogen that causes tuberculosis. Charles Mantoux, a French physician, developed a test method, based on the work of Koch. 

A positive test result simply says that the immune system came in contact with Mycobacteria - this does not necessarily mean that people with a positive test result have been infected with tuberculosis. Such a result, which shows as positive, even though the outcome should be negative is called *false positive*. 

The test shows the reaction of the immune system to tuberculin. This requires an intact immune system: People whose immune system is weakened, for example those with a HIV infection, may also show a *false negative*: Their immune system may simply be too weak to react. Similarly, the use of certain substances, such as steroids may lead to false negatives.
Radiology

**Radiology** is a field of medicine that uses medical imaging methods of ionizing radiation to detect and treat diseases. Examples include ultrasound, X-rays, Computed tomography, Positron emission tomography and Magnetic resonance imaging.

In the English National Health Service  a lot of radiology is outsourced to private forms, which were paid £120 million in 2021.   Some are actually limited liability partnerships of NHS staff.  Demand for radiology is increasing by about 10% a year.

## Notable people
*William Frates (1934-2019), American radiologist.
*Marie Curie (1867-1934), Trailblazing chemist, physicist, and radiologist 

## References
## Related pages
*Medical physics
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

**Bacillus Calmette–Guerin** (also called the BCG vaccine) is a vaccine against tuberculosis. The vaccine is based on a bovine strain of the bacterium. 

The BCG vaccine was first used medically in 1921. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. As of 2004, the vaccine is given to about 100 million children per year globally. However, it is not commonly administered in the United States.

It looks like the vaccine can also be used to treat certain forms of bladder cancer.

## References
Mike Rowe

**Michael Gregory "Mike" Rowe** (born March 18, 1962) is an American actor, singer, television host, and narrator. He is best known for his voice-over work on commercials and as the host of the television program *Dirty Jobs*. Rowe has acted on television, stage and movies as well as radio. He does a large amount of work as a narrator and has even been an opera singer.

Rowe was born on March 18, 1962 in Baltimore, Maryland. He studied at Overlea High School, at Essex Community College, and at Towson State University. He now lives in San Francisco, California.

## References
## Other websites
* Mike Rowe's official website
*
Bryan Singer

**Bryan Jay Singer** (born September 17, 1965) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. Singer is known for his works in *The Usual Suspects*, the *X-Men* movies and *Superman Returns*. He has won a Saturn Award.

Singer was born on September 17, 1965 in New York City. He was adopted and raised in West Windsor Township, New Jersey. He studied at West Windsor-Plainsboro High School South, at School of Visual Arts, and at the USC School of Cinematic Arts in Los Angeles. Singer is openly gay.

On April 16, 2014, Singer was accused of sexually abusing a 17-year-old boy in a federal lawsuit filed in Hawaii. The accuser said Singer provided him with drugs and alcohol to encourage him to have sex on more than one occasion in 1999.

## References
## Other websites
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Mobutu Sese Seko

**Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga** (born **Joseph-Desiré Mobutu**; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997) () was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The country was known as Zaire for much of his rule.

Mobutu is commonly known as **Mobutu** or **Mobutu Sese Seko**.

During the Congo Crisis, Mobutu led a coup against the nationalist government of Patrice Lumumba. He wanted to take control of the government of Congo-Léopoldville. He soon became the army chief of staff. In 1965 he led a second coup to be Prime Minister. Then in 1967 he established a presidential form of government headed by himself. As part of his program of “national authenticity,” Mobutu changed the Congo's name to Zaïre in 1971. He changed his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972. Mobutu established a one-party state and a cult of personality. Mobutu presided over the country for some four decades, despite many reports of abuses and human-rights violations. As such, many have described him as the "archetypal African dictator".

Mobutu died in 1997 of prostate cancer in Morocco, aged 66.

## References
Brandon Routh

**Brandon James Routh** (born October 9, 1979) is an American movie, television, stage, voice actor and former fashion model who is known for his roles as Daniel Shaw in *Chuck* and as Superman in *Superman Returns*. He won a Saturn Award in 2006.

Routh is also known for his roles in *Zack and Miri Make a Porno* and *Scott Pilgrim vs. the World*.

In 2013, Routh voiced David "Hesh" Walker in the video game *Call of Duty: Ghosts*. In 2014, he starred on *Arrow* as Ray Palmer/Atom which spun off into a guest role on *The Flash* and a starring role on *Legends of Tomorrow*.

Routh was born on October 9, 1979 in Norwalk, Iowa. Routh studied at the University of Iowa for a year to be a writer. They have a son, Leo James.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Interview
James Marsden

**James Paul Marsden** (born September 18, 1973) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor, singer, and a former model. Marsden is known for his role as Scott Summers or Cyclops in the first three *X-Men* movies. He is also known for his roles in *Hop*, *Superman Returns*, *Hairspray*, *Enchanted*, *The Notebook*, and in *27 Dresses*.

Marsden was born on September 18, 1973 in Stillwater, Oklahoma. He studied at Hefner Middle School, at Putnam City North High School, and at Oklahoma State Univerity. Marsden was married to Lisa Linde from 2000 until they divorced in 2011. They had two children.

## Filmography
## References
## Other websites
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Jeffrey Jones

**Jeffrey Duncan Jones** (born September 28, 1946) is an American movie, television, voice, and stage actor who is best known for his roles as Emperor Joseph II in Miloš Forman’s *Amadeus*, Charles Deetz in *Beetlejuice*, and Dean of Students Edward R. Rooney in the 1986 John Hughes movie ''Ferris Bueller's Day Off''.

Jones was born on September 28, 1946 in Buffalo, New York. He studied at Lawrence University and at London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He has a son from a previous relationship. In 2002 Jones was arrested; he was later convicted of a sex offense and will serve four years in jail and 250 hours of community service.

## References
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Dick Durbin

**Richard Joseph "Dick" Durbin** (born November 21, 1944) is the senior United States Senator from Illinois. He is also the Senate Minority Whip, the second highest position in the Democratic Party leadership in the Senate. He is the longest-serving Senate party whip in U.S. history.

## Political career
Working in state legal counsel throughout the 1970s, he made an unsuccessful run for Lieutenant Governor of Illinois in 1978. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, representing the Springfield-based 20th congressional district.

In 1996, he won election to the U.S. Senate by an unexpected 15 points. He became the Senate Democratic Whip in 2005. From January 3, 2007 to January 3, 2015, he was the Senate Majority Whip because his party had the majority.

Durbin is the only the fifth United States senator from Illinois to serve the position of United States Senate Minority Whip.

In 2019, Durbin co-signed a Senate resolution affirming support for a two-state solution and opposition to a proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank. In November 2023, Durbin was the first U.S. senator to call for a ceasefire in the Gaza war.

In April 2025, Durbin announced he would not seek reelection in 2026.

## Personal life
Durbin was born on November 21, 1944 in East St. Louis, Illinois. He graduated from the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service and Georgetown University Law Center. Durbin is married to Loretta Schaefer. They had three children. In 2008, their daughter died from heart problems.

## Notes
## References
## Other websites
:
:
* United States Senator Dick Durbin *official U.S. Senate site*
* Dick Durbin, U.S. Senator *official campaign site*
Madison Bumgarner

**Madison Bumgarner** (b. August 1, 1989) nicknamed **"MadBum"** or **"Big Country"** is a Major League Baseball player for the San Francisco Giants. He was born in Hickory, North Carolina. He is a left handed pitcher.

Bumgarner was selected in the first round in the 2007 Major League Baseball Draft.  He was named a starting pitcher on *Baseball America*'s 2010 All-Rookie Team.

## References
Tedy Bruschi

**Tedy Lacap Bruschi** (born June 9, 1973) is a former NFL New England Patriots player. Bruschi won three Super Bowl rings and was a two-time All-Pro selection.

Bruschi joined ESPN as an analyst after leaving football.

## References
Benjamin Kogo

**Benjamin Kogo** (30 November 1944 – 20 January 2022) was a Kenyan athlete. His main sport was 3000 metre steeplechase running. He won a silver medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

He won gold at the first All-Africa Games held in 1965 in Brazzaville.

Kogo was born in Arwos, Nandi District. He died from prostate cancer on January 20, 2022 at the age of 77.

## References
Leslie Mann

**Leslie Jean Mann** (born March 26, 1972) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actress who is known for her roles in *Funny People*, *ParaNorman*, *This Is 40*, *Knocked Up*, and in *The Change-Up*.

Mann was born on March 26, 1972 in San Francisco, California. She studied at Corona del Mar High School. She has been married to Judd Apatow since 1997. They have two children. She is the older sister of Anderson Mann.

## References
## Other websites
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Polio vaccine

**Polio vaccines** are vaccines that prevent poliomyelitis (or polio). Two types of polio vaccines are used throughout the world.

The first type was developed by Jonas Salk and first tested in 1952. Announced to the world by Salk on April 12, 1955, it is an injection of inactivated (dead) poliovirus. The second type was an oral vaccine developed by Albert Sabin, using attenuated poliovirus. An attenuated virus is a much less harmful strain of the same virus. Human trials of Sabin's vaccine began in 1957 and it was licensed in 1962. 

There is no long term carrier for poliovirus (carriers are people who carry the virus but have no symptoms of the disease), and polioviruses have no non-primate reservoir in nature. The virus cannot survive in the open environment for a long time.  Therefore, interruption of person to person transmission of the virus by vaccination is the key step in removing polio entirely. The two vaccines have eliminated polio from most countries in the world. Polio worldwide has dropped from about 350,000 cases in 1988 to 1,652 cases in 2007.

## References
Nick Frost

**Nicholas John Frost** (born 28 March 1972) is an English actor, comedian and screenwriter. He is best known for playing roles like Mike Watt in *Spaced*, Ed in *Shaun of the Dead*, Danny Butterman in *Hot Fuzz*, Clive Gollings in *Paul*, and Ron in *Attack the Block*. He is also known for working with Simon Pegg.

Frost was born on 28 March 1972 in Dagenham, London, England. He studied at Bell High School. He was married to Mariangela Frost from 2008 until their divorce in 2015.

## References
## Other websites
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List of cities in the Bahamas

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This is a **list of cities in The Bahamas**.

The following table lists the city or town name, the geographic coordinates, the population as of the 1990 census, an estimate of the population as of 2009, and the island name.

## References
Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore

**Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore** (August 8, 1605 &ndash; November 30, 1675), was a member of the English nobility who started the colony of Maryland in the British colonies. He was the first Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland. Before that, he was the ninth Proprietary Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland (in what is today Canada). His father was George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. George Calvert was chosen to be the proprietary governor of both Maryland and Newfoundland, but he died before he could take the position.

He was called "Cecil Calvert." Cecil was a Roman Catholic and the colony of Maryland was officially Catholic. He managed Maryland from his home in England. Maryland was known for its religious toleration. At the time, there was a lot of religious persecution in England. Many Catholics fled (ran away to) Maryland because their religion was accepted there. Calvert was governor of Maryland for forty-two years. He died in England on November 30, 1675, aged 70 years. The city of Baltimore is named for him.

## Sources
Jack Gilford

**Jack Gilford** (July 25, 1908 – June 4, 1990) was an American movie, television, stage actor, and comedian. He was known for his roles in *Cocoon*, *A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum Movie*, *Caveman*, *They Might Be Giants*, and in *Catch-22*.

Gilford was born on July 25, 1908 in New York City, New York. He was married to Madeline Lee from 1949 until his death in 1990. Gilford died on June 4, 1990 in New York City, New York from stomach cancer, aged 81.

## References
## Other websites
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Berry Gordy

**Berry Gordy Jr.** (born November 28, 1929) is an American entrepreneur, record executive and producer. He is the er and former CEO of Motown Records. He is associated with musical acts, such as Smokey Robinson, Diana Ross, The Supremes, Marvin Gaye, The Temptations and Stevie Wonder. His son Kennedy Gordon was signed to Motown. Gordy was born in Detroit.

## References
List of The Amazing World of Gumball episodes

*The Amazing World of Gumball* is a cartoon comedy series. It was created by Ben Bocquelet for the Cartoon Network.

Since its debut on May 3, 2011, more than all 240 episodes (in total) of the series have been broadcast. The series ended on .

Cartoon Network renewed the series for a sixth season.   On September 6, 2016, series creator Ben Bocquelet announced that he would be departing production of *Gumball* upon completing the sixth season, but production will continue without him. However, on October 7, 2018, he retweeted a tweet with an article saying that the sixth season is the final season. A follow up article clarifyed that there could still be more seasons. In November 2018, it was revealed that Ben Bocquelet had finished the show and that the production of the series was completed.

Later in November 2019, a six-episode miniseries titled “Darwin's Yearbook” was announced.

## Series overview
 

## Episodes
### Season 1 (2011-12)
### Season 2 (2013-14)
### Season 3 (2014-15)

### Season 4 (2015-16)
### Season 5 (2016-17)
### Season 6 (2018-19)
## Darwin's Yearbook (2019)
A six-episode special called ''Darwin's Yearbook'' aired on Cartoon Network in December 2019. The miniseries features Darwin attempting to complete Elmore Junior High's yearbook by examining who he thinks should fill up the best spot. The miniseries is essentially a collection of clip show episodes.

## The Wonderfully Weird World of Gumball (2025) 
The Wonderfully Weird World of Gumball (also known as TWWWOG) is a revival of the Amazing World of Gumball, originally released on Hulu on July 28, 2025. It will premiere on Cartoon Network in the US on April 12, 2026.

## Notes 
## References
David Spade

**David Wayne Spade** (born July 22, 1964) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer, and television personality, known for his roles as Dennis Finch in *Just Shoot Me!*, Marcus Higgins in *Grown Ups*, and Russell Dunbar in *Rules of Engagement*. He is also known as the voice of Kuzco in ''The Emperor's New Groove* and *Kronk's New Groove''.

Spade was born on August 22, 1964 in Birmingham, Michigan. Spade moved to Scottsdale, Arizona at age four. He studied at Arizona State University. Spade has a daughter named Harper. The mother is Jillian Grace, a Playboy Playmate.

## Movies
## References
## Other websites
* 
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List of cities in Brazil

This is a list of the largest cities in Brazil.  Capitals are in **bold**.

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Tchoukball

'*Tchoukball*'  is an indoor team sport. It was created in the 1970's by Swiss biologist Hermann Brandt. Brandt believed that "The objective of all physical activities is not to make champions, but make a contribution to building a harmonious society". He wanted to create a team sport which did not involve the injuries which he saw as being a problem in other sports.

The sport is usually played on an indoor court that is  by }. At each end, there is a 'frame' (a device similar to a trampoline off which the ball bounces). This frame measures . There is also a semicircular D-shaped area measuring  in radius around the frame which players cannot enter. The game is played with two teams of 12 players on each team. Of the twelve players on a team, seven may be on the court at any one time. Each team can score on both ends on the field. In order to score a point, the ball must be thrown by an attacking player, hit the frame and bounce outside the 'D' without being caught by the defending team. Physical contact is not allowed, and defenders may not try to stop the attacking team's passes. Players may take three steps with the ball and can hold the ball for at most three seconds. Teams may not pass the ball more than three times before shooting at the frame.

Tchoukball has become an international sport. It is played in Brazil, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Great Britain, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Macau, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United States. It is governed by the Féderation Internationale de Tchoukball (FITB, founded in 1971). Taiwan hosted the 2004 World Championships and won both the women's and junior championships. The Swiss won the men's championship. The 2006, European Championships were held in Switzerland. Great Britain won both the Men's and Under-18's titles. Switzerland won the Ladies event.
Kristine Sutherland

**Kristine Sutherland** (born **Kristine Young** on April 17, 1955, in Boise, Idaho) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Buffy Summers' mother Joyce Summers on the television series *Buffy The Vampire Slayer*.

## Early life
Sutherland was born Kristine Young. She changed her name because she was often confused with another actress with a similar name. The last name "Sutherland" was after her cat, whom she named "Donald" after Donald Sutherland She attended high school in Lexington, Kentucky. After , she studied at the University of Kentucky.

Kristine Sutherland is not related to Donald Sutherland or his son Kiefer Sutherland.

## Career
Sutherland's first movie role was as Mae Thompson in the 1989 movie *Honey, I Shrunk the Kids*. 

In 1997, she auditioned for the role of Joyce Summers on The WB Television Network's television series *Buffy the Vampire Slayer*. Series creator Joss Whedon stated that he chose Sutherland for the role of Buffy’s mother was both because of her warm, motherly demeanor, and her physical similarity to Buffy’s actress, Sarah Michelle Gellar. She was a series regular for the first five seasons, returning for three guest appearances for the remaining three.  

In April 2008, she had a guest starring role on *New Amsterdam*.

## Personal life
Sutherland is married to actor John Pankow. He is best known as "Ira" on *Mad About You*. They have one daughter named Eleanore.

## Filmography
*1986 *Legal Eagles* 
*1989 *Honey, I Shrunk the Kids* 
*2002 *The Cat Returns* 
*2012 *The Perfect Wedding*

## References
## Other websites
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Mirage

A **mirage** is an image that is distorted by the atmosphere so that its form and location can look very different from the actual object. It is caused by the way light bends as it passes through layers of air of different temperatures.

The words "mirage" and "mirror" come from the same root word, which means "to look at”.

## Cause
Normally, light travels in a straight line, but it will change direction depending on what it passes through. This bending is called "refraction." Gases, such as air, become thinner as they get warmer. As a result, light tends to curve (or refract) towards the colder layer of air. This makes the image appear to come from a different direction than the original object.

There are two basic types of mirage, depending on which direction the temperature changes, inferior and superior.

## Inferior
An inferior mirage is arguably the most common type seen over land. In daytime, air near solid ground is typically warmer than the air above it. When light from the sky passes through it, a shimmering, fragmented image of the sky may appear to come from the ground, resembling water.

## Superior
Sometimes a mirage can appear to come from higher up than the original object. When the colder air is lower (called an inversion layer), as it often is over large bodies of water or ice, the apparent direction of the mirage will be opposite that of an inferior mirage. For example, the distorted image of a ship or an island may appear on or above the surface, even if the original object is hidden below the horizon.

A "Fata Morgana" is a complex superior mirage whose appearance can change quickly and dramatically. Its name refers to Morgan le Fay, a mythical enchantress strongly associated with Arthurian legends. In times past, the disturbing images seen as part of the mirage were attributed to illusions created by magic.

## Artificial
A mirage-like effect can be achieved by allowing a soluble substance like sugar or salt to slowly dissolve in a deep container of water, so that there is more sugar in the water near the bottom than in the water above it. This can refract the image of an object seen through it in a similar manner as a superior mirage often seen over open water.

## Other websites
* The Happy Scientist explains mirages.
* How to make a mirage with sugar water.
* Another way to make a mirage with salt water.
Insei

, also known as "**cloistered rule**," is an ancient Japanese term which means a special form of Imperial government. 

In the *Insei* system, the monarch abdicated or  and a new emperor was named; however, the old emperor held on to significant power and influence in the court and in the nation.  The emperors who withdrew from public life did not give up any of their many powers.  In practice, the retired emperor only gave up the time-consuming burden of his ceremonial roles and formal duties.

There were emperors who abdicated before and after the Heian period; however, the term *Insei* is most often used to mean the kind of Imperial system put in place by Emperor Shirakawa in 1086. This system was very important in the years before the rise of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192.

## Edo period
The last retired emperor with an *Insei* title was Emperor Reigen in the Edo period.

## Notes
Titus Salt

United Reform Church.]]

Sir **Titus Salt**, first baronet (20 September 1803 – 29 December 1876), was born in Morley near Leeds. He was a manufacturer, politician and a phillanthropist in Bradford, West Yorkshire.

His father Daniel Salt was a dry salter and then he decided to become a farmer. His mother died when he was quite young. Titus Salt had 11 children.

## Career
After working as a woolen stapler for two years at a mill near Wakefield he became his fathers business partner-Daniel Salt and son. The company used Russian Donskio wool, which was widely used in the woollens trade, but not in worsted cloth. Titus visited the millers in Bradford.

After working for two years as a wool-stapler in Wakefield he became his father's partner in the business of Daniel Salt and Son. He set up as a spinner and manufacturer.

In 1836, Titus came upon some bales of Alpaca wool in a warehouse in Liverpool and, after taking some samples away to experiment, came back and bought the consignment. Though he was not the first in England to work with the fibre, he was the creator of the lustrous and subsequently fashionable cloth called 'alpaca'. So he bought land three miles from the town in Shipley next to the River Aire, the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Midland Railway and began building in 1851. He opened it with a grand banquet on his 50th birthday, 20 September 1853, and set about building houses, bathhouses, an institute, hospital, almshouses and churches, that make up the model village of Saltaire. He built the Congregational Church which is now Saltaire United Reformed Church, at his own expense in 1858&ndash;59, and donated the land on which the Wesleyan Chapel was built.

## References
Gabourey Sidibe

**Gabourey "Gabby" Sidibe** (born May 6, 1983) is an American movie and television actress who started her career in the 2009 movie *Precious* as Claireece "Precious" Jones, for which she won many awards and was nominated for an Academy Award.

Sidibe was born on May 6, 1983 in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York City. She studied at Borough of Manhattan Community College, at City College of New York, and at Mercy College. 

## References
## Other websites
*
America Ferrera

**America Georgina Ferrera** (born April 18, 1984) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actress. She is best known for her role as Betty Suarez in *Ugly Betty*. For her role as Betty Suarez, she won an Golden Globe Award, Emmy Award, and an Screen Actors Guild Award.

Ferrera was born on April 18, 1984 in Los Angeles, California. She studied at the University of Southern California. She is married to Ryan Piers Williams since 2011. Ferrera is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.

## References
## Other websites
*
Bill Hader

**William Thomas Hader Jr.** (born June 7, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, director, producer and writer.

He is best known for his roles in *Saturday Night Live*, *Barry*, *Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs*, *Superbad*, *Hot Rod*, *Tropic Thunder*, *Adventureland*, *Paul*, *Forgetting Sarah Marshall*, *Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian*, *Inside Out*, *Star Wars: The Force Awakens*, *The BFG* and as adult Richie Tozier in *It – Chapter Two*.

He married Maggie Carey in 2006 and they had 3 children. Hader and Carey separated in 2017 and Hader later filed for divorce several months later in December 2017. The divorce was finalized in 2018.

## References
## Other websites
*
Battle of Camden

The **Battle of Camden** was a battle between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the United States.  It happened during the American Revolutionary War.  It was a major victory for the British Army.

The Battle took place north of Camden, South Carolina on August 16, 1780.

## References
Tenille Dashwood

**Tenille Dashwood** She is best known for her time in WWE from 2011–2017 under the ring name **Emma**. On 2 July 2014, Emma was released by WWE after she was arrested for sixth-degree larceny. She was reinstated by WWE two hours later. On August 4, 2022, Dashwood revealed that she is dating Michael Rallis, who is best known by his ring name Riddick Moss. On June 3, 2023, Dashwood and Rallis announced their engagement. The couple married March 8, 2024. On September 6, 2024, Dashwood announced that she is expecting her first child with Rallis in 2025. On March 4, 2025, Dashwood gave birth to their first son. On December 23, 2025, the couple announced they expecting their second child.

## Championships
**America World Wrestling**

* AWW Women's World Championship (1 time)
* **Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling**
** ECCW Supergirls Championship (2 times)
* **Impact Wrestling**
** Impact Knockouts World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Madison Rayne
* **Pro Wrestling Alliance Queensland**
** Queen of the Warriors (2009)
* ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
** Ranked No. 31 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the *PWI Female 50* in 2015
* **Slam Wrestling Awards**
** Worst Tag Team Female (2021) – with Madison Rayne
* **Swiss Wrestling Entertainment**
** SWE Ladies Championship (1 time)
* '''Women's Wrestling Fan Awards'''
** Best Independent Wrestler of the Year (2018)

## References
## Other websites
*Official website 
*
Melinda Clarke

**Melinda Clarke** (b. April 24, 1969) is an American actress who is known for being on television. She has, however, starred in some movies. She is best known for playing Faith in *Days of Our Lives*. She also played Amanda in *Nikita*. Clarke was born in California. Her father is actor John Clarke, who also starred in *Days of Our Lives*.
Hiratsuto Station

is a train station in Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines
*East Japan Railway Company
**Yamada Line

## Adjacent stations
Lyrick Studios

**Lyrick Studios, Inc.** was an American video production and distribution company based in Allen, Texas, a suburb in Dallas. They were known for producing and distributing shows like *Barney* and *Wishbone,* as well as videos and albums from two music artists, *Joe Scruggs* and *The Wiggles.* They also had book rights to Humongous Entertainment characters like *Putt-Putt*, *Freddi Fish*, and *Pajama Sam*. They paired with Big Idea for mass market distribution of prints and reprints of *VeggieTales* home videos, as well as rights to *VeggieTales* plush toys. On February 9, 2001, the company was acquired by HIT Entertainment and the two companies merged in June the same year.

## History 
### Before Lyrick Studios (1988-93) 
In 1988, The Lyons Group was formed as a division of DLM, Inc., an educational company owned by Richard C. Leach. Lyons began producing and distributing a direct-to-video pilot series titled *Barney & the Backyard Gang*, which was created by Leach's daughter-in-law, Sheryl Leach. Three years after the home video series debuted, Barney caught the attention of executives at PBS, and the concept was then changed for television as *Barney & Friends*. The show started broadcasting on the organization's flagship television service on April 6, 1992.

### The Acquisitions and Expansion Era (1994-2000) 
Lyrick Studios was formed in 1997, and became a division of a new company under the name Lyons Partnership. The company logo made its debut on Tuesday, March 11, 1997.

The company made the series *Wishbone* for PBS in 1995. This series was produced by Big Feats! Entertainment, another division of the company, and was primarily filmed on a studio backlot in Allen, Texas.

In the late 1990s, Lyrick got the distribution (selling) rights for *VeggieTales* and *The Wiggles.* They also had book and video game distribution rights for some Humongous Entertainment video game characters, such as *Putt-Putt*, *Freddi Fish*, and *Pajama Sam*.

### The HIT Entertainment Acquisition Era and Aftermath (2001) 
According to Phil Vischer, he chose the company to release the videos since Lyrick Studios' founder and former chairman Richard C. Leach was a committed Christian, and the company let the religious tones on the shows remain intact, unlike other distributors Big Idea had asked beforehand. The company was acquired by HiT Entertainment on February 9, 2001, shortly before Richard C. Leach died.

## Distribution
### Programs
#### Television
#### Direct-to-Video
##### Religious Series
### Movies
#### Theatrical
#### Television
##### Public Service Announcements
## Notes
## References
Miyako, Iwate

is a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
It was founded on February 11, 1941.

The city is along the coast where the  flows into the Pacific Ocean.  It is connected to Morioka by an east-west train line and highway and the coastal highway also goes through the town.  The city has a port but much of the shipping traffic is taken by larger cities along the coast.

On June 6, 2005, the old Miyako absorbed the town of Tarō and village of Niisato from Shimohei District to form the new city of Miyako, more than doubling the old city's size.  As of 2008, the new city had an estimated population of 57,874 and a density of 83.1 persons per km². The total area is 696.82&nbsp;km².

On January 1, 2010, the city absorbed another Shimohei District village, Kawai.

## Climate

## 2011 tsunami
On March 11, 2011, the city was devastated by a tsunami caused by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake.
At least 401 lives were lost.
Only about 30–60 boats survived from the town's 960 ship fishing fleet.  A study by the University of Tokyo's Earthquake Research Institute found that the waters had reached at least  above sea level. This was almost as high the  record of the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake tsunami.

Some of the most well known scenes of the 2011 Japanese tsunami, broadcast worldwide, were shot in Miyako.  It shows a dark black wave cresting and overflowing a floodwall and tossing cars, followed by a fishing boat capsizing as it hit the floodwall and then crushed as it was forced under a bridge.

## References
## Other websites
* Miyako official website 
* BBC video of the tsunami flooding up the mouth of the river at Shinkawacho
Fingerspelling

.]]
**Fingerspelling** is making an alphabet with your hands. Many deaf people learn fingerspelling. They use it when they want to sign a word but there is no sign in the sign language, or when they do not understand what the sign means. Other people also use fingerspelling to talk in secret, to help remember something, or to talk without making sound (for example in a church).

Fingerspelling is a part of some sign languages. Writing systems are not the same everywhere, and fingerspelling is also different. Different countries have different ways of fingerspelling. Some alphabets use one hand, some use two hands.

## References 
## Other websites 
*ASL Fingerspelling Resource Site Free online fingerspelling lessons, quizzes, and activities.
*Fingerspell Flashcards Practice ASL, German and Swiss German alphabets online.
*British Sign Language Fingerspelling Alphabet  Information and pictures about the British 2-handed fingerspelling alphabet.
*ASL Alphabet Image and Video Examples  View a sample of each letter of the English alphabet in American Sign Language
Winfield Scott

**Winfield Scott** (June 13, 1786 – May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852.

A national hero after the Mexican-American War, he served as military governor of Mexico City. Such was his stature that, in 1852, the United States Whig Party passed over its own incumbent President of the United States, Millard Fillmore, to nominate Scott in that year's United States presidential election. Scott lost to Democrat Franklin Pierce in the general election, but remained a popular national figure, receiving a brevet promotion in 1856 to the rank of lieutenant general, becoming the first American since George Washington to hold that rank.

Scott was born to William Scott and Anna Mason in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, near Petersburg, Virginia, on June 13, 1786. He briefly attended College of William and Mary, studied law in the office of a private attorney, and served as a Virginia militia cavalry corporal near Petersburg in 1807.

Scott was married to Lucy Baker from 1812 until her death in 1816. They had one son. Then he was married to Maria De Hart Mayo from 1817 until her death in 1862. They had six children.

He died in West Point, New York on May 29, 1866 from unknown causes, aged 79. He is buried in West Point Cemetery.

The saying *Great Scott* was named after his last name.

## References
## Other websites
* General Scott and the Trail of Tears 
* Letter to the Cherokee from Major General Scott 
* Origin of the phrase *Great Scott!*.
* Biography of General Winfield Scott
Vaporizer (inhalation device)

A **vaporizer** or **vapouriser** is a device used to extract the active ingredients of plant material so that they can be breathed. It is often used for cannabis, tobacco, or other herbs such as chamomile.
## Vaporization vs. smoking
Vaporization is an alternative to smoking. It doesn't make smoke or other cancer-causing by-products. It does that by heating the material so that the active compounds boil into a vapor. Nothing actually burns, so there is no smoke or taste of smoke. Vapor ideally contains almost no particulate matter or tar, and much less noxious gas such as carbon monoxide. The vapor can be collected in a jar or inflatable bag, or inhaled directly.
## Cooking
Vaporizers are sometimes used by chefs. They use them to heat herbs and spices to release flavors that are otherwise difficult to extract, or that might be spoiled by overheating during cooking. Chicago's Achatz uses the aroma-filled bags as place-mats, punctured when plates are placed in front of the customer.
Bryan Brown

**Bryan Neathway Brown**, (born June 23, 1947) is an Australian movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in *The Thorn Birds*, *Beautiful Kate*, *Cocktail*, *Along Came Polly*, *Australia* and *Peter Rabbit*. 

Brown was born on June 23, 1947 in Sydney, Australia. He has been married to Rachel Ward since 1983. They have three children.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Bryan Brown's official website — New Town Films
Christoph Waltz

**Christoph Waltz** (born October 4, 1956 ; Vienna) is an Austrian movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his role as the main antagonist Hans Landa in *Inglourious Basterds*, as Dr. King Schultz in *Django Unchained*, as artist Walter Keane in *Big Eyes* and as James Bond villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in *Spectre* and *No Time to Die*. He starred as Dyson Ido in the 2018 science fiction movie *Alita: Battle Angel*.

He also holds German citizenship. He won two BAFTA Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards and two Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor. He won the other Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for his role in *Django Unchained*.

Waltz was born on October 4, 1956 in Vienna, Austria. He has three children from an ex-wife and one with his second wife, Judith Holste.

## References
## Other websites
*
Matthew C. Perry

**Matthew Calbraith Perry** (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) was a Commodore of the U.S. Navy and commanded a number of ships. He served in several wars, mostly known in the Mexican-American War and the War of 1812. He played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. Perry was very concerned with the education of naval officers and helped develop a system that helped the United States Naval Academy. With the advent of the steam engine, he became a leading advocate of modernizing the U.S. Navy and came to be considered The Father of the Steam Navy.

Perry was born on April 10, 1794 in Newport, Rhode Island. He was the younger brother of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, who commanded U.S. naval forces in the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812.  Matthew Perry was never married and had no children. Perry died on March 4, 1858 in New York City, New York from unknown causes. He was buried at Island Cemetery in Newport, Rhode Island.

## References
## Other websites
* A short timeline of Perry's life