open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lecompton, Kansas

**Lecompton** (pronounced ) is a city in Douglas County, Kansas, United States.  In 2020, there were 588 people there. In the spring of 1855, the town became the capital of the Kansas Territory.  President James Buchanan chose a governor and officials to create government offices in Lecompton. The first post office in Lecompton was created in September 1855.

In the fall of 1857 a convention met in Constitution Hall. They  the famous Lecompton Constitution, which would have made Kansas become a slave state. The constitution was rejected after angry national debate and was one of the main ideas of the Lincoln-Douglas debates. The controversy added to the growing fight that became the civil war. The Lecompton Constitution failed, in part, because the antislavery people had control of the territorial legislature in the election of 1857. The new legislature met at Constitution Hall and quickly started to get rid of the pro-slavery laws.

The free-staters shortly tried to move the territorial capital to Minneola, Franklin County, Kansas through a vote, but the resulting bill was later rejected by Kansas territorial governor James W. Denver, and was made void by Jeremiah S. Black, Attorney General of the United States. As such, Lecompton remained the *de jure* territorial capital. This was until Topeka became the capital when Kansas became a state on January 29, 1861. The American Civil War began on April 12, 1861.

## Geography
Lecompton is at  (39.042927, -95.395039).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which,  is land and  is water.

### Climate
The climate in this area is has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the Köppen climate classification system, Lecompton has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## Demographics
Lecompton is part of the Lawrence, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

### 2020 census
In 2020, there were 588 people, 247 households, and 166 families living in Zurich. Of the households, 74.5% owned their home and 25.5% rented their home.

The median age was 40.6 years. Of the people, 86.4% were White, 2.4% were Native American, 1.2% were Black, 0.5% were Asian, 2.0% were from some other race, and 7.5% were two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the people.

## References
Avers

**Avers** () is a municipality of the Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Hasliberg

**Hasliberg** is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website of Hasliberg
Mountain biking

**Mountain biking** is the sport of riding bicycles off-road. Often this is done over rough terrain. Mountain biking uses specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes are similar to other bikes, but have s designed to make them stronger and hold up in rough terrain.

Mountain biking can generally be broken down into multiple categories. These include cross country, trail riding, all mountain (also referred to as "Enduro"), downhill, freeride and dirt jumping.  However, the majority of mountain biking falls into two general categories, rough trail riding, and jumping/slope style.

This individual sport requires the rider to have ,   and . The rider also needs bike handling skills, and self-reliance.   riders take on steep technical s and high  s. Mountain biking can be performed almost anywhere from a back yard to a gravel road, but the majority of mountain bikers ride off-road trails. Using the bike's brakes must be done carefully on a mountain bike, especially when going downhill. In order to work on rough terrain, mountain bikes have several gears from which to choose. It is recommended to use safety gear such as helmet, gloves, and knee pads to avoid injuries in rough terrain. Mountain biking should be done so as to enjoy the ride but not damage the environment. 

## Parts of a Mountain Bike 
Like other bicycles, a mountain bike's parts are categorized into three groups: Drivetrain, suspension, and brakes.  The drivetrain consists of a cassette in the back, a derailleur, and cranks in the front.  The cranks and chainring are attached together and drive the chain through the user's leg movement.  The chain is attached to the cassette and derailleur.  The derailleur moves the chain along the cassette to shift gears.  A larger cog in the rear means a slow and high torque, and a smaller cog is high speed with low torque. 

The suspension has two main parts.  A full suspension bike has both a front fork and a rear shock, but most common hardtail type bikes (meaning no rear shock), only have a front suspension fork. 

Finally the brakes, in three parts: Levers, calipers, and rotors.  The calipers are the main braking part that use hydraulic fluid or a cable to clamp brake pads with high friction on a rotor.  The rotors are metal discs attached to the wheel that go inside of the calipers in-between the brake pads.  With a hydraulic system, there are pistons inside of the levers that push hydraulic fluid into the calipers when the levers are pulled.  In a mechanical or cable system, the cable pulls a pulley which in turn, clamps the pads onto the rotors. 

Other parts include handlebars, stem, bottom bracket, wheels, headset, spokes, saddle, dropper post, grips, pedals and more, but there are hundreds of specific parts on a bike.  For other information, visit the Park Tool Youtube channel for mountain biking tips and more parts explanation.

## References 
## Other websites 
* https://www.tresna.co.uk/blog/mountain-biking-etiquette.htm
* International Mountain Biking - Groups by State 
* Off Road Use of Bicycles, Sierra Club
Neot Kedumim

**Neot Kedumim - the Biblical Landscape Reserve in Israel** ( is a Biblical garden dedicated to the Nature of the Jewish Bible and also a nature preserve located in Ben Shemen  Forest and near of the city "Modi'in" on Route 443 (Israel), between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, Israel.

## Other websites 
* Neot Kedumim
Heiligenschwendi

**Heiligenschwendi** is a municipality in the administrative district of canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
Heatwave (band)

**Heatwave** is an international disco and funk band. The group was formed around 1975. Its most popular lineup was Americans Johnnie Wilder, Jr and Keith Wilder for vocals, Englishman songwriter Rod Temperton for the keyboards, Jamaican Eric Johns and Briton Roy Carter for guitar.

The group had hit singles, like "Boogie Nights", "The Groove Line" and "Always and Forever".

The group broke up in 1984. However, Heatwave got back together around 1988 and resumed releasing R&B music.

In 2002 the group released an extended remix of "Boogie Nights".

On 5 October 2016, Temperton's death was announced after what was described by his music publisher as "a brief aggressive battle with cancer". Temperton had died at the age of 66 in London the previous week and his funeral had already taken place. The exact date of his death was not announced.

Keith Wilder (born Keith Edward Wilder on 20 December 1951 in Dayton, Ohio) died on 29 October 2017, at the age of 65.

Keyboardist Ernest "Bilbo" Berger died from a cardiac arrest on 1 March 2024, at the age of 73.

## References
Someo

**Someo** is a village and former municipality of the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 4 April 2004 the former municipalities of Aurigeno, Coglio, Giumaglio, Lodano, Moghegno and Someo to form a new and larger municipality of Maggia.

The municipality has 258 people in 2003. It has an area of 32.73&nbsp;km².
Battle of Osawatomie

The **Battle of Osawatomie** took place on Saturday, August 30, 1856 in the town of Osawatomie, Kansas. John Brown and about 40 men tried to defend the town against an attack by about 250–300 Border Ruffians. The Missouri ruffians were led by John W. Reid.

## Background 
In 1854, the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act began a policy known as popular sovereignty in the United States. It allowed settlers in the Kansas Territory to decide by popular vote whether Kansas would be admitted to the United States as a slave or free state. He was considered an extremist by some, a martyr by others. As an abolitionist he found slavery in any form to be . On the night of May 24, 1856, Brown and a few s attacked and murdered five men in a small settlement on the Pottawatomie Creek near Manhattan, Kansas. The killings were particularly brutal. One by one, settlers were dragged from their homes and ed to death with broadswords and shot. They retreated and left the town for the Missourians to rob and burn. Only four buildings remained among the ruins of what had been the village of Osawatomie.

## Accounts 
The following is an account of the battle written by John W. Reid (leading the Border Ruffians):

John Brown, about a week later, in a letter to his wife wrote:

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* Diary of Spencer Kellogg Brown (account of the battle), Kansas Memory
* Theodore Roosevelt's Osawatomie Speech; Kansas Historical Society
Wakarusa War

The **Wakarusa War** was a skirmish that happened in Kansas Territory. It started on November 21st, and it ended on December 8th, 1855. It was part of the Bleeding Kansas violence. It happened mostly in Lawrence and the Wakarusa River Valley.

## Summary 
The events that led to the Wakarusa War started on November 21, 1855.  A Free-Stater named Charles Dow was shot and killed by pro-slavery settler Franklin N. Coleman. The two had been involved in a land  at a place called Hickory Point, south of Lawrence. Four hours after the shooting the property owner, Jacob Branson, recovered Dow’s body. Abolitionists then set fire to several pro-slavery cabins. When the (pro-slavery) Douglas County Sheriff, Samuel Jones, learned about what happened at Hickory Point, he led a posse to the area to restore order. But Jones did not arrest Coleman. Instead, he arrested the property owner (and abolitionist leader) Jacob Branson. But they replied they had broken no laws and had the right to bear arms. The only fatal casualty occurring during the siege was of a Free-State man named Thomas Barber. On December 6, 1855 he was shot and killed by George W. Clark, the Indian agent, on a road four miles outside of Lawrence. 

## References 
## Other websites 
* History of the State of Kansas by William G. Cutler (1883)
* 1912 article on Wakarusa War
* "Burial of Barber" at Bartleby.com
Marais des Cygnes massacre

The **Marais des Cygnes massacre** happened on May 19, 1858 near the town of Trading Post, Kansas. It was the last violent episode in the period known as Bleeding Kansas. He came back to seek revenge. They captured eleven free-state men, all of whom Hamilton had a  against. The captives were marched into a nearby ravine where the Missourians opened fire on them. Eastern newspapers including the New York Times printed the story.

## Background 
In 1854, the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act began a policy known as popular sovereignty in the United States. It allowed settlers in the Kansas Territory to decide by popular vote whether Kansas would be admitted to the United States as a slave or free state. This was when a large group of pro-slavery Southerners came through the area destroying property and capturing free-state settlers. They stopped at the village store and with guns drawn they disarmed the customers and tied their hands. The murders were shown as an example of organized  by Missourians and Southerners. He built a log blockhouse two stories high with a spring inside for water. The blacksmith, Eli Snider, owned the land. He later sold it to Charles C. Hadsall, a friend of Brown's. Brown and his men stayed in the fort until the end of summer. Then they left it to Hadsall to keep manned.

Hamilton was never captured. During the Civil war he served as a Colonel in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. One, a Charles Matlock, was arrested for the crime but he later escaped. Only one was brought to justice. William Griffith was arrested in 1863, tried for murder and on October 30, 1863 was hung.

## Whittier poem 
The poet and abolitionist, John Greenleaf Whittier, wrote a  poem about the massacre several months later and published it in the *Atlantic Monthly*: 

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Marais Des Cygne Massacre (movie trailer)
* Trading Post Museum
Heimberg, Switzerland

**Heimberg** is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Pitch, yaw, and roll

for describing the angle of its rotations]]

**Pitch**, **yaw** and **roll** are the three dimensions of movement when an object moves through a medium.

The terms may be used to describe an aeroplane's movements through the air. They are also applied to watercraft moving through water, and spacecraft moving through space.

There are in fact six degrees of freedom of a rigid body moving in three-dimensional space.

As the movement along each of the three axes is independent of each other and independent of the rotation about any of these axes, the motion has six degrees of freedom (see diagram).

;pitch - nose up or tail up.

;yaw - nose moves from side to side

;roll - a circular (clockwise or anticlockwise) movement of the body as it moves forward

The surfaces of a plane and the fins of a fish have a similar function. They serve to adjust the object's attitude as it moves through the fluid. Submarines face the same dynamic control problems as fish do.

The subject is often taught under **degrees of freedom (mechanics)**. This is the number of independent motions that are allowed to the body.

## Related pages 
* Right-hand rule

## References
2003 European heat wave

The **2003 European heat wave** was a natural disaster in Europe in July and August 2003. The heat led to the hottest summer on record since at least 1540. France was especially hard hit. The heat led to health crises in several countries. It combined with droughts to reduce crops in Southern Europe.

More than 70,000 people died in Europe. According to an Inserm study, nearly 19,000 people died in France. People also died in the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.

## Highest temperatures measured per country
## References
Heimenhausen

**Heimenhausen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee and Wanzwil merged into the municipality of Heimenhausen.

## References
Heimiswil

**Heimiswil** is a municipality of the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland

## References
Alberswil

**Alberswil** is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## References
Muhammad Azam Shah

**Muhammad Azam Shah** is the successor of the last Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after his death in 1707. He is also the elder son of Aurangzeb. He was at throne from 14 March 1707 to 8 June 1707.

He was born on 28 June 1653 to Aurangzeb and his first wife and chief consort Dilras Banu Begum. He was also a timurid from father's blood and a Persian Safavid by mother's blood. He was the grandson of Shah Nawaz Khan Safavi, the Safavid Emperor of Persia and father of Azam Shah's mother.

After his father Emperor Aurangzeb's death, he ruled the empire. Then a succession war took place between the three sons of Aurangzeb. Azam Shah and his son were killed in the Battle of Jajau on 8 June 1707 by his step brother Bahadur Shah I, who ruled the empire by killing his both brothers in war.

## Reference
Terre di Pedemonte

**Terre di Pedemonte** is a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 14 April 2013, the former municipalities of Cavigliano, Tegna and Verscio merged to form the new municipality of Terre di Pedemonte.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Blockhouse

In military science, a **blockhouse** is a small fortification. It usually has one or more rooms with loopholes, allowing its defenders to fire rifles or handguns in various directions. It usually refers to an isolated fort in the form of a single building. It serves as a defensive strong point against any enemy that does not possess siege equipment or, in modern times, artillery. A fortification intended to resist these weapons is more likely to qualify as a fortress or a redoubt. 

In modern times, it may be a pillbox, a small underground bunker. However, a blockhouse may also refer to a room within a larger fortification, usually a battery or redoubt. The term "" is of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Middle Dutch *blokhus* and 18th-century French *blocus* (blockade).

## References
Marais des Cygnes River

The **Marais des Cygnes River**  is a principal tributary of the Osage River. It is about  long, and runs through eastern Kansas and western Missouri in the United States. Via the Osage and Missouri rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. The name *Marais des Cygnes* means "Marsh of the Swans" in French. But the name actually comes from an Osage name “Mixa-ckau-tse” (where white swans are plentiful).  The river is referenced in the song "The River" by Chely Wright.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Marais des Cygnes Wildlife Area & National Wildlife Refuge 
* Trails Along the Marais des Cygnes River
List of comuni of the Province of Pesaro and Urbino

The following is a list of the 59 *comuni* of the Province of Pesaro and Urbino, Marche, in Italy.

## References
Bivio

**Bivio** was a municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged into the new municipality of Surses.

## Other websites
* Official website of Bivio
Foglia

The **Foglia** is the northernmost river of the Marche region of Italy.

In ancient times it was known as *Pisaurus*, as it flows into the Adriatic Sea at *Pisaurum* (modern Pesaro), the last important trading centre along the river. It was also known as the *Isaurus*; a word that is kept in the name of the *comune* Belforte all'Isauro.

## Geography
The Foglia river has a length of about . Its first  are in Tuscany.

Its tributaries are only small streams.

### Course
The sources of the Foglia is are in the province of Arezzo (Tuscany), near *Sasso Aguzzo*, a hill between the  *comuni* of Sestino and Badia Tedalda, at an altitude of about .

Then it flows east trough the *comuni* Sestino,  Piandimeleto, Lunano, Sassocorvaro (where a dam forms an artificial lake called **Lake of Mercatale**), Auditore, Montecalvo in Foglia, Vallefoglia, Montelabbate and, near the mouth, Pesaro.

Two *comuni* have, in their names, the name of the riverː Montecalvo in Foglia and Vallefoglia.

## Gallery

SestinoFogliaBornacchio.JPG|The River Foglia (right) in Sestino
PesaroFoglia1.JPG|The River Foglia near Pesaro

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Italy

## References
Hermiswil

**Hermiswil** was a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the municipality of Seeberg.

## References 
## Other websites
Jayhawker

**Jayhawkers** is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas.  It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters. These bands, known as "Jayhawkers", were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as "Border Ruffians". 

After the Civil War, the word "Jayhawker" became synonymous with the people of Kansas. Today a Jayhawk is typically a student, fan, or  of the University of Kansas. "Jayhawk" is also the name of their mascot, a mythical bird with a history based on the Bleeding Kansas era term.

## History 
The term was adopted as a nickname by a group of emigrants traveling to California in 1849. The origin of the term may go back as far as the Revolutionary War, when it was reportedly used to describe a group associated with American patriot John Jay.

About 1858 the slang term "jayhawking" became widely used as a synonym for stealing. It was also used at the same time during the Kansas territorial period. The term came to be used to describe militant bands nominally associated with the free-state cause. 

Another historian of the time described the jayhawkers as bands of men that were willing to fight, kill, and rob for a variety of motives that included defense against pro-slavery. They fought "Border Ruffians" raiding into Kansas. In Missouri, "Jayhawker" was a  term for Kansans who raided into Missouri, murdered slave owners, burned and looted their property in the name of freeing slaves.

## Notorious Jayhawkers 
James Henry Lane, moved to Lawrence, Kansas in 1855. Despite being a Democrat he became affiliated with the Free-Staters. He soon became one of the leaders of the Jayhawkers. Later a Union General and U.S. Senator, he led the 3rd and 4th Kansas  Infantry and 5th Kansas Cavalry on raids into Missouri. They burned most of the town of Osceola, Missouri, stole everything they could and freed the slaves in the town.

Charles R. Jennison was the leader of the "Independent Mounted Kansas Jayhawkers", also known as the 7th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, was another who led raids into Missouri. The regiment was officially termed the 7th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, but was popularly known as Jennison's Jayhawkers.
## University of Kansas 
In 1890, the football team of the University of Kansas called themselves the "Jayhawkers". Later it was shortened to "Jayhawk". They became synonymous with their mascot, a mythical bird called the Jayhawk. Their connections to the Jayhawkers of the Bleeding Kansas era and Civil War are a part of their history.

## References
Entlebuch

**Entlebuch** is a municipality of the Swiss canton of Lucerne. It is the capital of the district Entlebuch.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
* 
*
Electoral fraud

**Electoral fraud**, or **vote rigging**, is any alteration or change of the vote count in an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result. That can be by increasing the vote share of one  or by lowering the vote count of another. It can also be a person casting more than one vote if only one vote is permitted, which is called **ballot-box stuffing**. 

In national elections, successful electoral fraud can have the effect of a coup d'état or corruption of democracy. In a narrow election, a small amount of fraud may be enough to change the result. Even if the outcome is not affected, fraud can still have a damaging effect if not punished. For instance, it can erode voters' confidence in democracy and lead to degeneration into dictatorship. Even the perception of fraud can be damaging. Fraudulent elections can lead to the breakdown of democracy and to the establishment or ratification of a dictatorship.

Fraud in elections is not limited to those for public office. Elections, such as for a corporation's directors, labor union officials, or student council members are subject to similar fraud, as are sports judging, and the awarding of merit to works of art and literature.

## Related pages
* Corruption

## References
Hermrigen

**Hermrigen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
Elle King

**Elle King** (born July 3, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. Her musical style is country, rock and soul. In 2012, she released her first EP, *The Elle King EP*. On February 17, 2015, she released her first album, *Love Stuff*. The album produced the top 10 song "Ex's & Oh's".

King was born in Los Angeles. She later moved to New York City.

## Awards and nominations
## References
Serravalle, Switzerland

**Serravalle** is a municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was created on 1 April 2012 when the former municipalities of Malvaglia, Semione and Ludiano merged to form the new municipality of Serravalle.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
* Official website
Gambarogno

**Gambarogno** is a new municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra (Gambarogno), Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira (Gambarogno) merged into the new municipality of Gambarogno.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Escholzmatt

**Escholzmatt** is a municipality of the district Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Escholzmatt and Marbach merged into the new municipality of Escholzmatt-Marbach.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)

**William Joseph Walsh**, known as **Joe Walsh** (born December 27, 1961), is an American conservative talk radio host and former politician.

He served one term in the United States House of Representatives for Illinois' . He served from January 2011 through January 2013, after defeating three-term incumbent Democratic Representative Melissa Bean by a margin of 291 votes in a surprising upset. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Walsh was defeated by retired U.S. Army Lt. Colonel Tammy Duckworth in the general election on November 6, 2012. He now hosts a conservative radio show on WIND-AM 560.

On August 25, 2019, Walsh announced his candidacy for President of the United States against President Donald Trump for the Republican nomination in 2020. He stated that Trump's behavior in office motivated him to declare his candidacy. He ended his campaign on February 9, 2020.

## References
## Other websites
* Joe Walsh for U.S. Congress
*
2015–16 Superleague Greece

The **2015–16 Superleague Greece** was the 80th season of top division football in Greece. The season started on 22 August 2015 and ended in May 2016. Olympiacos won their sixth consecutive title and 43rd overall.

## Teams 
## Results 
### UEFA play-offs 
* Source

## Statistics 
### Top scorers 
## References
FC Rapid București

**Fotbal Club Rapid București** is a Romanian association football club from Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in 1923 by a group of workers. Rapid won the Romanian championship three times (1967, 1999 and 2003) and the Romanian Cup 13 times. In the 2015–16 season, they were promoted to Liga I.

## Honours 
**Liga I**
:***Winners (3):** 1966–67, 1998–99, 2002–03
:*Runners-up (14): 1936–37, 1937–38, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1948–49, 1950, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1997–98, 1999–00, 2005–06

**Liga II**
:***Winners (6):** 1952, 1955, 1974–75, 1982–83, 1989–90, 2015–16
:*Runners-up (3): 1979–80, 1981–82, 2013–14

**Cupa Eroilor** (Heroes Cup)

:***Winners (1):** 1942

**Cupa României**
:***Winners (13):** 1934–35, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1941–42, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2006–07
:*Runners-up (6): 1960–61, 1961–62, 1967–68, 1994–95, 1998–99, 2011–12

**Supercupa României**
:***Winners (4):** 1999, 2002, 2003, 2007
:*Runners-up (2): 1998, 2006

## References
## Other websites 
*Official website of the club
CFR Cluj

**Fotbal Club CFR 1907 Cluj** ('CFR' stands for *Căile Ferate Române*, meaning Romanian Railways) is a Romanian association football club from Cluj-Napoca in Transylvania, Romania. The club spent most of its history in the lower divisions. Great financial gains in 2002 led them to reach the Liga I in 2004. The following season, the CFR Cluj took part in the UEFA Intertoto Cup and finished as runners-up. For the first time in their history, the club won the Liga I in 2008. That season, they took the title away from the teams of Bucharest for the first time in 17 years. Since 2004, they have won the Liga I 3 times, the Romanian Cup 3 times and the Romanian Supercup twice.

The teams colours are purple and white, and their biggest rival is Universitatea Cluj.

## Honours 
**Liga I**
***Winners (3):** 2007–08, 2009–10, 2011–12
**Liga II**
***Winners (2):** 1968–69, 2003–04
*Runners-up (1): 1977–78
**Liga III**
***Winners (7):** 1946–47, 1982–83, 1985–86, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1995–96, 2001–02
*Runners-up (3): 1936–37, 1958–59, 1987–88
**Romanian Cup**
***Winners (4):** 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10,  2015–16
*Runners-up (1): 2012–13
**Romanian Supercup**
***Winners (2):** 2009, 2010
*Runners-up (1): 2012

### European competitions 
Their most recent appearance in a European competition was in the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League, in which they reached the third qualifying round.

## Other websites 
*
Flühli

**Flühli** is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## Gallery

File:Fluehli LU switzerland.JPG|Flühli
File:Sörenberg01.JPG|Sörenberg

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Flühli
Cupa României

The **Cupa României** (English: Romanian Cup) is an association football club tournament for Romanian teams. It has been held annually since 1933–34, except during World War II. All teams connected to the Romanian Football Federation can perform in the tournament. The winner of the cup is granted a place in the play-off round of the UEFA Europa League.

The most successful teams have been mainly from Bucharest, with Steaua București winning 22 titles, followed by Rapid București and Dinamo București with thirteen each.

## Format 
Since the 2009–10 season, the format has been as such:

The county phase begins the tournament and is organized by the county football associations. Forty-two teams (one from each county) advance to the next phase.

* First round – 140 teams (42 teams qualified from the county phase and 98 Liga III teams)
* Second round – 80 teams (70 winners from the first round and the remaining 10 Liga III teams)
* Third round – 40 teams (winners from the second round)
* Fourth round – 56 teams (20 winners from the third round and all 36 Liga II teams)
* Round of 32 – (14 winners from the fifth round and all 18 Liga I teams)
* Round of 16 (winners from the Round of 32)
* Quarter-finals
* Semi-finals
* Final

## Performances 
## Other websites 
* Official site
* The Romanian Cup on the FRF's official site

## References
FC Politehnica Iași (2010)

**Clubul Sportiv Municipal Studențesc Iași** (previously called **CSMS Iași**) is a professional association football club from Iaşi, Romania. The club was founded in 2010 and currently plays in the Liga I. The team's colours are blue and white.

## History 
On August 2010, Tricolorul Breaza merged with *Navoby Iași* and formed **ACSMU Politehnica Iași**. Ionuț Popa was appointed manager and Grigore Sichitiu as executive president. In the summer of 2011 the club was renamed to **Clubul Sportiv Municipal Studenţesc Iași**.

After many managerial changes, the club was finally promoted to Liga I after finishing 1st in the 2013–14 Liga II season.

## Honours 
**Liga II**
***Winners (2):** 2011–12, 2013–14

## Other websites 
*CS Municipal Studenţesc Iaşi official website
*CS Municipal Studenţesc Iaşi at Soccerway.com

## References
2016–17 Liga I

The **2016–17 Liga I** was the 99th season of Liga I, which is the top division football league in Romania. The season began on 23 July 2016 and ended in May 2017. Viitorul Constanța won the tournament.

## Teams 
## Results 
* Rapid București, CFR Cluj and Târgu Mureș were all subtracted points for failing to comply with licensing requirements.

### Championship round 
Teams start the Championship round with their points from the Regular season halved, rounded upwards, and no other records carried over from the Regular season.

### Relegation round 
Teams start the Relegation round with their points from the Regular season halved, rounded upwards, and no other records carried over from the Regular season.

## Play-offs 
ACS Poli Timișoara wins play-offs and stays in the Liga I.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Stadionul Municipal (Botoșani)

The **Stadionul Municipal** is a multi-use stadium in Botoşani, Romania. It is usually used for football matches with FC Botoșani (since 2001). The stadium holds 12,000 people. It was renovated in 2008, 2009 and 2013.

## Other websites 
*StadiumDB profile
FC Botoșani

**Fotbal Club Botoșani** (usually just called **FC Botoșani** or **Botoșani**) is a professional Romanian association football club from Botoşani, Romania. Since the 2016–17 season, they play in the Liga I. It is the first club from Botoşani County to be promoted to the top league.

The club was formed in 2001 as **Fotbal Club Botoșani**. They started in the  started in Divizia C, Serie I. They quickly made it to the Liga I after finishing 1st in the 2012–13 Liga II season.

The club plays at the Stadionul Municipal, which has a capacity of around 12,000 people. Supporter groups include the "Dark Hooligans", "Renegatii" and "BT Pride". They have a historical rivalry with Rapid CFR Suceava, but have recently grown to be rivals with Municipal Studențesc Iași as well.

The club's colours are red, white and blue. The home kit is usually white, while the away kit is generally blue.

## Honours 
**Liga II**
:**Winners (1):** 2012–13
**Liga III**
:**Winners (1):** 2003–04

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Official Facebook profile 
* FC Botoșani at Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal
CS Universitatea Craiova

**Clubul Sportiv Universitatea Craiova** is a professional association football club from Craiova, Romania.

Two teams were founded in Craiova in the year 1921: *Craiovan Craiova* and *Rovine Griviţa Craiova*. These two clubs merged to form the very successful team, FC Craiova. The team dissolved in 1949. Finally in 1948, *Universitatea Craiova* was formed by a group of students and professors.

Since it's founding, the club has won 4 Liga I titles, 6 Cupa României titles, 2 Liga II titles and 1 Liga III title. They also reached the quarter-finals of the 1981–82 UEFA Champions League tournament.

The team's colours are blue and white.

## Honours 
**Liga I**

:**Winners (4):** 1973–74, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1990–91
:Runners-up (4): 1972–73, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1993–94

**Cupa României**
:**Winners (7):** 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1990–91, 1992–93, 2017–18
:Runners-up (3): 1974–75, 1984–85, 1993–94

**Liga II**
:**Winners (2):**  1963–64, 2013–14
:Runners-up (1): 1960–61

**Liga III**
:**Winners (1):** 1957–58

## References 
## Other websites 
*Official website
Azzedine Alaïa

**Azzedine Alaïa** (; , ; 26 February 1935 – 18 November 2017) was a Tunisian haute couture fashion designer based in Paris. 

In 2008, he was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French government.

In 2011, he started showing his collections on the catwalk again after an eight-years pause.

In 2015, he was celebrated at the Galleria Borghese in Rome with an exhibition called "Couture/Sculpture: Azzedine Alaïa in the History of Fashion".

## References
## Other websites
Sandy Springs, Georgia

**Sandy Springs** is a city in Fulton County, Georgia. It is north of Atlanta. Its population was 108,080 in 2020.

## References
FC Dinamo București

**Fotbal Club Dinamo București** (Usually just called **Dinamo**) is a Romanian association football club from Bucharest, Romania. The team is one of the most successful clubs in Romania, having won 18 Romanian Liga I titles, 13 Romanian Cups and 2 Supercupa României. They reached the semi-finals of the 1983–84 European Cup, only to be defeated by Liverpool 3–1.

The club was founded in 1948, and is one of the few to stay in the Liga I for it's entire history. The team's traditional home colours are white and red. Also, the club's biggest rival is Steaua Bucuresti.

## Honours 
***Romanian League Championship: (18)**
** **Winners:** 1955, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1999–00, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2006–07
** Runners-up (20): 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958–59, 1960–61, 1966–67, 1968–69, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2004–05
***Romanian Cup: (13)**
** **Winners:** 1958–59, 1963–64, 1967–68, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2011–12
** Runners-up (10): 1954, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 2001–02, 2010–11, 2015–16
***Romanian Super Cup: (2)**
** **Winners:** 2005, 2012
** Runners-up (4): 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007

## Other websites 
*Official website   
*Online Tickets   
*FCD.ro  
*Fan Club Dinamo Bucuresti   
*FCDinamo.net  
*Dinamo Mania   
*Ultras Tei  
*The history of Dinamo Bucharest  

## References
Romoos

**Romoos** is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## References
Hindelbank

**Hindelbank** is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021, Mötschwil became a part of Hindelbank.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
*
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262

.

]]

**United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262** was adopted on March 27, 2014 by the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly in response to the Russian annexation of Crimea and entitled **"Territorial integrity of Ukraine"**. The non-binding resolution, which was supported by 100 United Nations member states, affirmed the General Assembly's commitment to the territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders and underscored the invalidity of the 2014 Crimean referendum. Eleven (11) nations voted against the resolution, while 58 abstained, and a further 24 states were absent when the vote took place.

The resolution was introduced by Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. The adoption of the resolution was preceded by the unsuccessful attempts of the United Nations Security Council, that convened seven sessions to address the Crimean crisis, only to face Russian veto.

## Related pages
* United Nations

## References 
## Other websites
* Complete text of the Resolution 68/262
FC Astra Giurgiu

**Fotbal Club Astra Giurgiu** (Usually called **Astra Giurgiu** or just **Astra**) is a professional association football club from Giurgiu, Romania. They currently play in the Liga I.

The club was formed in 1921 in Ploiești (a city about 116&nbsp;km north of Giurgiu), as *Clubul Sportiv Astra-Română*. The club spent most of its history in the lower divisions. In 1990, the club was taken over by businessman Ioan Niculae and has since improved. In September 2012, the team was moved from Ploiești to Giurgiu.

The team won their first Liga I title in 2015–16. They also won 1 Cupa României and 1 Supercupa României.

The colours of the club are white and black, which is why their nickname *Dracii Negri* (The Black Devils).

The club has also had many names. These include: *Clubul Sportiv Astra-Română* (1921–1934), *Astra Română Câmpina* (1934–1937), *Astra Română Ploiești* (1937–1938), *Colombia Ploiești* (1938–1945), *Astra Română Ploiești* (1945–1959), *Rafinorul Ploiești* (1959–1990), *CS Astra Ploiești* (1990–1996), *AS Danubiana Ploiești* (1996–1998), *SC FC Astra Ploiești* (1998–2005), *CSM Ploiești* (2005–2007), *FC Ploiești* (2007–2009) and *FC Astra Ploiești* (2009–2012).

## Honours 
* **Liga I**
****Winners (1):** 2015–16
**Runners-up (1): 2013–14
* **Liga II**
****Winners (1):** 1997–98
**Runners-up (1): 2008–09
* **Liga III**
****Winners (1):** 2007–08
* **Cupa României**
****Winners (1):** 2013–14
* **Supercupa României**
****Winners (1):** 2014

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website 
* Official Facebook profile
* Club profile on UEFA's official website
* Club profile on LPF's official website
* Club profile on RomanianSoccer website
* Club profile on Liga1 website
Hasle, Lucerne

**Hasle** is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## Villages
* Habschwanden
* Heiligkreuz

## References
## Other websites
* Official website 
*
Province of Fermo

The **Province of Fermo** () is a province in the Marche region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Fermo.

It is a province since 2004 with parts of the province of Ascoli Piceno but it was in 2009 when it became an active province.

## Geography
Fermo has an area of , the smallest province of the Marche region.

## Population
There are 174,849 persons living in the province (1 January 2017),

## Gallery 

File:Fermo-PiazzaDelPopolo3.jpg|*Piazza del Popolo*, Fermo.
File:Cathedral of Fermo Italy.jpg|Cathedral of Fermo.
File:Ala Nord il Castellano.jpg|*Villa Castellano*, Porto Sant'Elpidio.
File:Centro storico, Sant'Elpidio a Mare, Italia - 20080808.jpg|Sant'Elpidio a Mare.

## Related pages
* List of comuni of the Province of Fermo

## References
Jenni Williams

**Jennifer Louise "Jenni" Williams** is an activist from Zimbabwe.  She started the organization WOZA (Women of Zimbabwe Arise) to protest the Zimbabwe government. In 2007 she received an International Women of Courage Award.

## Life 
Willimas has an Irish grandfather and a Matabele grandmother. When she was sixteen years old, she left school to take care of her brothers and sisters.

## Work 
From 1994 to 2002 Williams was head of a public relations company.

In 2003 Williams started WOZA to work for women's rights and government reform.  By 2009, she had been in prison more than 50 times. 
* Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award (2009)

## References
Bonaduz

**Bonaduz** () is a municipality of the district Imboden in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Höfen, Thun

**Höfen bei Thun** was a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Höfen, Niederstocken and Oberstocken merged into the new municipality of Stocken-Höfen.
FC Viitorul Constanța

**Fotbal Club Viitorul Constanța** is a professional association football club from Ovidiu, Constanța County, Romania. They currently play in the Liga I.

The club was founded in the summer of 2009 and began to play in the Liga III. It was founded by famous Romanian footballer Gheorghe Hagi. The club currently possesses the top youth facilities of any club in the country.

They won the Liga III in the 2009-10 season. Also, their team colours are blue, white and black.

## Honours 
**Liga III**
***Winners (1):** 2009-10

## References
Huttwil

**Huttwil** is a city in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Liga II

**Liga II** (previously called **Divizia B**) is the second tier division association football league in Romania. The winners of the league get promoted to the Liga I. The current champions are Rapid București and Gaz Metan Mediaș.

## Format 
Liga II is made up of two regional leagues called Seria I and Seria II, each with 14 teams. In order to avoid long and expensive travels,t he clubs are divided based on where they are in Romania. Seria I usually has teams from the east, while Seria II has teams from the east. Teams in the center of Romania can choose which regional league they want to play in.

The best 6 teams from each Seria moves on to a play-off for promotion to Liga I. The rest of the teams will move on to a relegation play-off.

Until the 2012–13 season Liga II had 2 groups of 16 teams each. At the end of the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons the last five teams were relegated.

## Champions 
## References
If Only I Could

***If Only I Could*** (Chinese: 十年…你还好吗？) is a Singaporean drama television series. It is produced and shown on Mediacorp Channel 8. It began its run from 31 May 2016. There are 20 episodes. It stars Rui En, Paige Chua, Andie Chen and Elvin Ng as the main characters.

## Plot
Chen Zhenhao struggles to keep her family together despite a disapproving mother-in-law, an easygoing husband too generous with his meagre earnings, and a son with hyperactivity.

Huo Xiwen endures marital problems with her husband Huang Degang and suffers a miscarriage after an accident.

Zhenhao is later diagnosed with breast cancer, and together with her former schoolmate and rival, Xiwen, who’s also seen her share of misfortune, the pair travel back in time to start their lives over and avoid all the mistakes they’ve made. But the two long-suffering wives realise they’re worse off than before.

## Cast
*Rui En as Chen Zhenhao
*Paige Chua as Huo Xiwen
*Andie Chen as He Daxian
*Elvin Ng as Huang Degang
*Tracy Lee as Liu Kaiqin
*Hong Huifang as Li Xiumei
*Li Wenhai as Huo Zhiyong
*Lin Meijiao as Ceng Wanjie
*Rynn Lim as Lin Sen
*Hayley Woo as He Xiaoqi
*Youyi as Hui Ling
*Sun Yi En as younger Wen Fang

## References
Mason–Dixon line

The **Mason–Dixon line**, also called '''Mason's and Dixon's line'''  was the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania. It was surveyed and marked between 1763 and 1767. Two English surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, were hired by the Penn and Calvert families to settle a border dispute. In 1760 the British government was tired of the violence between the two colonies. They demanded the dispute over the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania be settled according to an agreement made in 1732. GPS measurements show the line to be off by an inch (2.54 cm) or less in places and no more than  in others.

## Background 
England's Secretary of State under James I of England was George Calvert. A wealthy man, Calvert started his own "Avalon" colony in Newfoundland. But by 1629 Calvert lost interest. While colonists settled there, Penn stayed in England. Charles II of England owed Penn's father a large loan which at the elder Penn's death the king settled by granting Penn a large area of land "Sylvania" (Latin for woods) west and south of New Jersey. Charles renamed it Pennsylvania in honor of Penn's father. Perhaps Charles II was glad to have a place to send political outsiders like Penn that was far away from England. Issued on March 4, 1681, the boundaries of Pennsylvania were:

 
## The dispute 
In 1682, an error in surveying placed Philadelphia inside the lands granted to Maryland. The two charters had overlapped. The Calvert family in Maryland demanded Philadelphia become a part of Maryland. The  was Delaware which remained a slave state up to the American Civil War. Fifty years later the Missouri Compromise of 1820 established a line extending the Mason–Dixon line westward to the Ohio River. Then following the border of Ohio to the mouth of the river at the Mississippi River, then westward along 36 degrees 30 minutes North. The line began as a way to end a border dispute and became best known as the line separating slave and free states.

## References 
## Other websites 
* historical markers Mason-Dixon line; Google
* Crownstone 40 stone dedication
CS Gaz Metan Mediaș

**Clubul Sportiv Gaz Metan Mediaș** is a professional association football club from Mediaș, Sibiu County, Romania. They were founded in 1945 and currently play in the Liga I.

They currently play at the Stadionul Gaz Metan, which has a capacity of around 7,800 people.

Their best performance in the Liga I was at 7th place in the 2010–11 Liga I. They have never won the Romanian cup, but got 2nd place in 1951. They have won the Liga II 2 times and the Liga III 3 times.

The club has had many names: *Karres Mediaș*, *CSM Mediaș*, *Zorile Rosii Mediaș*, *Gaz Metan Mediaș*, *Partizanul* (1950–51), *Flacara* (1951–56), *Energia* (1956–58), *Gaz Metan* (1958–60), and *CSM Mediaș* (1960–1963).

## Honours 
**Liga II**
***Winners (2):** 1999–00, 2015–16
*Runners-up (5): 1946–47, 1952, 1954, 2004–05, 2007–08
**Liga III**
***Winners (3):** 1972–73, 1976–77, 1992–93

## Other websites 
* Official website 
* History 
* Supporter website  
* lupiinegri.ro  
* Fan page Facebook

## References
Ring (diacritic)

A **ring** diacritic may appear above or below letters. It may be used with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, a ring below a letter is used for voicelessness.

## Other websites
*Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents