List of epidemics and pandemics

This article is a **list of major pandemics and epidemics** caused by infectious diseases in human history. Events in **boldface** are ongoing. 

## Worldwide Pandemics 
* 1194-1184 BCE: influenza: Trojan War epidemic
* 713 BCE: influenza: Assyrian epidemic
* 591-592:  influenza: Extreme Cough
* 1501-1587: typhus
* 1729: influenza
* 1732-1733: influenza
* 1829-1851: cholera
* 1863-1875: cholera
* 1957-1958: influenza: avian flu: Asian flu
* 1968-1969: influenza: avian flu: Hong Kong flu
* 2009-2010: 2009 flu pandemic (swine flu) 
* 2019 to present: COVID-19 pandemic (Ongoing pandemic)

## Regional 
### Asia 
* 165: Antonine Plague - Seleucia, Iraq
* 541: Plague of Justinian - Pelusium, Egypt
* 735: 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic - Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan
* 1772: 1772–1773 Persian Plague - Baghdad, Iraq
* 1826: 1826–1837 cholera pandemic - Ganges, India
* 1846: Third cholera pandemic - Mecca, Saudi Arabia
* 1855: Third plague pandemic - Yunnan, China
* 1889: 1889-1890 pandemic - Bukhara, Russia
* 1890: Russian flu - Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
* 1918: 1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic - Siberia, Russia
* 1957: 1957-1958 influenza pandemic - Guizhou, China
* 1968: Hong Kong flu - Hong Kong, China
* 1997: Avian flu - Hong Kong, China
* 2002: SARS - Foshan, Guangdong, China
* 2003: Avian influenza epidemic - Fujian, China
* 2012: 2012 MERS epidemic - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
* 2015: 2015 South Korea MERS epidemic - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
* 2019: 2019 Philippines measles outbreak - Manila, Philippines
* 2019-2024: COVID-19 - Wuhan, Hubei, China
* 2019: 2019–20 Brucellosis outbreak - Lanzhou, Gansu, China
* 2020: 2020 Hantavirus outbreak - Luxi, Yunnan, China
* 2020: 2020 G4 EA H1N1 outbreak - Hebei, China
* 2020: 2020 Inner Mongolia bubonic outbreak - Bayannur, Inner Mongolia
* 2020: SFTS bunyavirus outbreak - Jiangsu, China
* 2020: 2020 Idiophatic outbreak - Eluru, India
* 2021: India fungus epidemic - New Delhi, India
* 2021: Hong Kong Streptococcus outbreak - Hong Kong
* 2021: Flurona - Petah Tikva, Israel
* 2022: 2022 Henan H3N8 outbreak - Zhumadian, Henan, China
* 2022: 2022 Langya virus outbreak in China - Shandong, China
* 2022: 2022 HFMD outbreak in the Philippines - San Pascual, Batangas
* 2023: 2023 North Korea respiratory disease outbreak - Pyongyang, North Korea
* 2024-25: 2024–2025 China HMPV outbreak - Beijing, China
* 2024-25: 2024–25 Japan Influenza cases

### Central and South America 
* 1493: influenza - Hispaniola
* 1518: smallpox - Hispaniola
* 1520: smallpox - Mexico
* 1527-1530: smallpox - Peru
* 1530-1531: measles - Mexico, Peru
* 1546: typhus - Mexico, Peru
* 1558-1559: influenza - Mexico, Peru
* early 1600s: malaria
* 1648: yellow fever
* 2009: 2009 swine flu pandemic - Veracruz, Mexico

### Europe 
* 415 BCE: Athenian army in Sicily - "El año de los Garotillos"
* 1656: Naples Plague - Naples, Italy
* 1665-1666: Great Plague of London - London, UK
* 1720: Great Plague of Marseille - Marseille, France
* 1782: Influenza: Russian Katarrh
* 1687: measles - Boston, Massachusetts
* 1690: yellow fever - New York, New York
* 1721-1722: smallpox - Boston, Massachusetts
* 1729: measles - Boston, Massachusetts
* 1850: yellow fever - United States
* 1850-1851: influenza - North America
* 1851: cholera Coles County, Illinois, The Great Plains, and Missouri
* 1852: yellow fever - United States (New Orleans-8,000 die in summer)
* 1855: yellow fever - United States
* 1860-1861: smallpox - Pennsylvania
* 1865-1873: smallpox - Philadelphia, New York City, Boston, New Orleans
* 1865-1873: cholera - Baltimore, Maryland, Memphis, Washington, DC
* 1865-1873: recurring epidemics of typhus, typhoid, scarlet fever, and yellow fever
* 1873-1875: influenza - North America and Europe
* 1876: smallpox - Deadwood, South Dakota
* 1878: yellow fever - Memphis, New Orleans
* 1885: typhoid - Plymouth, Pennsylvania
* 1886: yellow fever - Jacksonville, Florida
* 1918-1920: Spanish flu - Manhattan, Kansas, U.S.
* 2022: 2022 United States listeriosis outbreak - Maryland, U.S.
* 2022: 2022 North America tridemic - Ontario, Canada
* 2024-25: 2024–25 United States Norovirus outbreak

## Related pages 
* List of historical plagues

## References 
* Kuhnke, Laverne. *Lives at Risk: Public Health in Nineteenth-Century Egypt.* Berkeley: University of California Press, c1990.
* Gallagher, Nancy. ''Egypt's Other Wars: Epidemics and the Politics of Public Health.* Syracuse University Press, c1990. Published by the American University in Cairo Press. 
* Kinch, Michael. Between *Hope and Fear: A History of Vaccines and Human Immunity.'' New York: Pegasus Books, 2018. ISBN 9781681777511
* Rosen, William, Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire and the Birth of Europe, New York: Penguin Random House, 2008 ISBN 9780143113812