1595

## Events 
* January &ndash; Mehmed III succeeds Murad III as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
* May 18 &ndash; The Treaty of Tyavzino brings to an end the Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595).
* May 24 &ndash; The *Nomenclator* of Leiden University Library appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library.
* June 9 &ndash; Battle of Fontaine-Française:  Henry IV of France defeats the Spanish, but is nearly killed.
* July 21 &ndash; A Spanish expedition led by navigator and explorer Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira makes the first European landing in Polynesia, on the Marquesas Islands.
* August 13 &ndash; Battle of Calugareni: The Wallachians, led by Michael the Brave, accomplish a great victory against the large army of the Turks, numbering over 150,000 men, led by Sinan Pasha. Wallachian tactical victory.
* October 26 &ndash; Battle of Giurgiu: Michael the Brave again defeats the Turkish army led by Sinan Pasha, pushing them on the right side of the Danube.
* December 9 &ndash; Probable first performance of William Shakespeare's *Richard II*.  

### Date unknown 
* Probable first performance of William Shakespeare's plays *Romeo and Juliet* and ''A Midsummer Night's Dream* in London.
* The Austrians start a rebellion against the Ottomans in Bulgaria.

## Births 
* January 6 &ndash; Claude Favre de Vaugelas, French grammarian and man of letters (d. 1650)
* April 12 &ndash; Miles Hobart (d. 1639)
* June 9 &ndash; King Wladislaus IV of Poland (d. 1648)
* June 13 &ndash; Jan Marek Marci, Bohemian physician and scientist (d. 1677)
* June 19 &ndash; Guru Har Gobind, the Sixth Sikh Guru (d. 1606)
* November 13 &ndash; George William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1640)
* December 4 &ndash; Jean Chapelain, French poet (d. 1674)
* December 5 &ndash; Henry Lawes, English musician (d. 1662)
* December 27 &ndash; Bohdan Khmelnytsky, hetman of Ukraine (d. 1657)
* *date unknown*
** Thomas Carew, English poet (d. 1645)
** Miles Corbet, English Puritan politician (d. 1662)
** Jean Desmarets, French writer (d. 1676)
** Henry Herbert, English official (d. 1673)
** Lars Kagg, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1661)
** Thomas May, English poet and historian (d. 1650)
** Henri II de Montmorency (d. 1632)
** Bartholomaeus Nigrinus, Polish Rosicrucian (d. 1646)
** Pocahontas, Algonquian princess (d. 1617)
** Mikołaj Potocki, Polish politician (d. 1651)
** Robert Sempill the younger, Scottish writer (d. 1663)
** Cornelius Vermuyden, Dutch engineer (d. 1683)
* *probable*
** Dirck van Baburen, Dutch painter (d. 1624)
** Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł, Lithuanian chancellor (d. 1656)

## Deaths 
* January 15 &ndash; Murad III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1546)
* January 24 &ndash; Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria (b. 1529)
* February 12 &ndash; Archduke Ernest of Austria, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (b. 1553)
* February 21 &ndash; Robert Southwell, Jesuit priest and poet (b. 1561)
* April 25 &ndash; Torquato Tasso, Italian poet (b. 1544)
* May 25 &ndash; Valens Acidalius, German critic and poet (b. 1567)
* May 26 &ndash; Philip Neri, Italian churchman (b. 1515)
* August 24 &ndash; Thomas Digges, English astronomer (b. 1546)
* August 26 &ndash; Antonio, Prior of Crato, claimant to the throne of Portugal (b. 1531)
* September &ndash; Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople (b. 1530)
* October 19 &ndash; Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, English nobleman (b. 1537)
* November 5 &ndash; Luis Barahona de Soto, Spanish poet (b. 1548)
* November 12 &ndash; John Hawkins, English shipbuilder and trader (b. 1532)
* November 29 &ndash; Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga, Basque soldier and poet (b. 1533)
* December 14 &ndash; Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (b. 1535)
* *date unknown''
** Grzegorz Branicki, Polish nobleman (born 1534)
** Turlough Luineach O'Neill, Irish chief of Tyrone (b. c. 1530)
** Robert Sempill, Scottish ballad-writer (b. 1530)
** Thomas Whythorne, English writer and musician (b. 1528)

## References