open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
L'Origine du monde

'''L'Origine du monde''' is a painting by Gustave Courbet.  Courbet painted it in 1866. It is a female nude. The painting shows the hairy vulva of a woman, lying down, spreading her legs. One of her breasts with a nipple can also be seen. The rest of the body is not shown. The painting was done oil on canvas. It measures . Courbet painted it for  Halil Şerif Paşa, a Turkish diplomat. Şerif Paşa is also known as Khalil Bey. Bey also had other nude paintings, which he showed to his guests. He dd not show this painting though.

Today, it is unclear who the woman was that he painted. It might have been Bey's lover, Constance Quéniaux. Another option us that it was Joanna Hiffernan. Courbet painted Hifferman on several occasions. 

The painting has been in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, since 1955.

## Provocative work 
During the 19th century, the display of the nude body in painting changed noticeably. The main activists behind this change were Courbet and Manet. Courbet rejected academic painting and its smooth, idealised nudes. He was also against the hypocritical social conventions of the Second Empire. During this time,  eroticism and even pornography were acceptable in mythological or oneiric paintings.

Courbet later insisted he never lied in his paintings, and his realism pushed the limits of what was considered presentable. With , he has made even more explicit the eroticism of Manet's *Olympia*. Maxime Du Camp, in a harsh tirade, reported his visit to the work's purchaser, and his sight of a painting "giving realism's last word".

Because of ts realistic, graphic nudity, the painting still has the power to shock and trigger censorship.

The moral stanards and taboos have changed since Courbet's times. These standards tell about the artistic display of nudity.  They were done mainly because of  photography and cinema. Even with the changes, the painting remained provocative. People were very excited when the painting arrived at the Musée d'Orsay. According to postcard sales, in 2007  was the second most popular painting in the Musée d'Orsay, after Renoir's *Bal du moulin de la Galette*.

Some critics maintain that the body depicted is not (as has been argued) a lively erotic portrayal of a female but of a corpse: "''L'Origine'' does not represent a full female body but rather a slice of one, cut off by the frame [...]. The pallidness of the skin and the mortuary gauze surrounding the body suggest death."

## References
### Sources 
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Form-fit connection

A **form-fit, form-locking** or **form-closed connection** is a type of mechanical connection between two parts (example: screw and screwdriver), wherein these parts  due to their forms interlock and block each other along at least one defined linear or rotational direction.

Form-fit connections are created by the interlocking of the connecting components. For example, the lid cannot slip sideways away from the pot because both interlock at the edge. On the other hand, a round lid can be rotated while sitting on the pot, because there is no form-fit against the rotation. Towards the bottom, the lid has a stop against the pot. This is a "half form-fit" because upwards it can be removed.

A form-fit acts via the geometric contact of two effective surfaces, and the effective forces are transmitted as normal forces to the effective surfaces of a driver part (surface pressure and Hertzian contact stress). Typically, some manufacturing-related tolerance occurs in the connection during form-fit.

In a form-fit connection, one connection partner blocks the movement of the other. Such "blocking" occurs in at least one direction. If a second pair of surfaces is arranged opposite, the opposite direction is also blocked.

## Examples 
* Tongue and groove
* Zipper

## References
Kim Min-ju

**Kim Min-ju** (; born February 5, 2001), also known as **Minju**, is a South Korean actress and former singer under Management SOOP. She is known for being a member of the South Korean–Japanese girl group Iz*One. Kim is also best known for her roles in *Tempted* (2018), *The Fault Is Not Yours* (2019), and *The Forbidden Marriage* (2022–2023).

## Life and career 
### Early life and career beginnings 
Kim was born on February 5, 2001. She has a younger sister. She also has an older brother. She went to School of Performing Arts Seoul and graduated in February 2020. In 2016, she was part of a pre-debut girl group called Girls' Recipe. Their debut was scrapped in the end on the same year. Before joining the reality girl group survival show *Produce 48* (the third season of *Produce 101*), she had been shown as an actress in music videos and Korean dramas. She played in the 2018 MBC television series *Tempted.* She played the role of the young Choi Su-ji (Moon Ga-young).

### 2018–2021: *Produce 48*, Iz*One, solo activities 
From June to August 2018, Kim represented Urban Works on *Produce 48*. On the last episode, she was placed eleventh and then joined the show's final debut lineup, Iz*One. On October 29, 2018, she officially preformed as a member of the group with the let out of their first extended play (EP) *Color*Iz*.

In 2019, Kim starred in the film *The Fault Is Not Yours*, which was premiered in May at 20th Jeonju International Film Festival. It was recorded before she appeared in *Produce 48*.

In June 2020, Kim was chosen as a co-host for the South Korean music program *Show! Music Core*.

### 2021–present: Solo career, return to acting and new agency 
After Iz*One's breakup on April 29, 2021, Kim went back to Urban Works. On October 7, her company said that she will promote as an actress.

In 2022, Kim starred in the historical drama *The Forbidden Marriage*, an adaptation of the same webtoon. Kim got the Best New Actress Award at the 2022 MBC Drama Awards.

## Discography 
### Singles 
#### Soundtrack appearance 
#### Guest appearance 
### Songwriting credits 
All song credits are adapted from the Korea Music Copyright Association's database unless stated otherwise.

## Filmography 
### Film 
### Television series 
### Television shows 
### Music videos appearance 
## Bibliography 
### Solo photobooks 
## Awards and nominations 
### Listicles 
## Notes 
## Related pages 
* Iz*One
* Mononym
* Korean name

## References 
## Other websites 
* Kim Min-ju at Management SOOP
*
Em Beihold

**Emily Mahin Beihold** (; born January 21, 1999) is an American singer and songwriter. She let out her debut EP *Infrared* in 2017. In 2020, she was seen by music promotion brand Live2 LCC. They teamed up with her to help support music going forward. After signing to Republic Records and Moon Projects, she let out her major-label debut single "Numb Little Bug" in 2022. It made her famous.

## Early life and education 
Emily Beihold was born on January 21, 1999, in Los Angeles, California. Her mother came in from Iran to the United States during the Iranian Revolution. At the age of six, Beihold began to play the piano when she saw it in a shop window.

In 2017, Beihold went to the University of California, San Diego where she was in NCAA Fencing and got NCAA All-American Honors in 2019.

## Career 
In the film ''I'm Not Here'', director Michelle Schumacher invited Beihold to write a track for the film. She wrote the song called "Not Who We Were".

Beihold began touring in 2022, and opened for King Princess, AJR, and the Jonas Brothers. In 2023, she opened for Lewis Capaldi. In 2024, she went on the Maybe Life Is Good Tour, which was her first tour as a headlining act.

## Musical role models 
Beihold said that Queen and Regina Spektor were her role models. She grew up listening to Feist, Fiona Apple, Kate Nash, Sara Bareilles, and Lily Allen.

## Discography 
### Extended plays 
### Singles 
## Notes 
## Related pages 
* Singer
* Songwriter
* Numb Little Bug

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Burn in Hell (Judas Priest song)

"**Burn in Hell**" is a song by the English heavy metal band Judas Priest. It was first released in 1997 as the sixth track on the band's thirteenth studio album *Jugulator*. It was later released as a promotional single on 16 October 1997. It's the band's first single with Tim Ownes on vocals. 

The song is about the evils that humans do. It's featured on the live albums '''98 Live Meltdown* and *Live in London. '' A music video was produced for the song. It was shortened down to a little over four minutes. The video features the band in their stage attire playing the song on a stage with fast camera changes and different lights.

## Personnel
*Tim "Ripper" Owens – vocals
*K. K. Downing – guitars
*Glenn Tipton – guitars
*Ian Hill – bass
*Scott Travis – drums
Crystal Quade

**Crystal Quade** (born August 16, 1985 in Missouri) is an American Democratic Party politician. She was a member of the Missouri State House of Representatives from the 132nd District.

In 2024, Quade ran for the Missouri State Governor.

## References
Hyloxalus breviquartus

The **Urrao rocket frog** (*Hyloxalus breviquartus*) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador and Colombia.

## Body
The adult female frog is 15.4–16.8  mm long from nose to rear end.  The skin of the frog's back is gray-brown in color. There is a line down the side of the body starting at the eye. The belly is white in color.

## Name
Scientists gave this frog the Latin name *breviquartus* for *brevi* for "short" and *quartus* for "fourth." They named it this because the fourth toe of the front foot is very short.

## Home
This frog lives in on the ground in forests. The forests are high in the mountains.  In Ecuador, this frog can only live in forests where between 2000 and 4000 mm of rain or other weather falls every year. People have seen this frog between 600 and 900 meters above sea level in Ecuador and between 1700 and 2265 meters above sea level in Colombia.

Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks: Parque Nacional de Las Orquídeas.

## Young
Scientists think this frog has young the same way other frogs in *Hyloxalus* do: the tadpoles swim in streams.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out now. It is in some danger from people cutting down trees to get wood to build with and to make farms, even where the law says not to make farms. Chemicals from those farms can kill this frog too. Fish from other places can hurt this frog. Scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis could also kill this frog in the future, but they do not think this is a problem yet.

## References
Battle of Zeeland

The **Battle of Zeeland** happened on the Western Front during the early stages of the German assault on France and the Low Countries during World War II. Many Dutch and French soldiers tried to fight the German soldiers by making a defense of the Dutch province of Zeeland. The battle lasted 8 days and the French and Dutch soldiers lost the battle of Zeeland. It happened between May 10, 1940 to May 18, 1940.
SPSS

**SPSS** is a set of software programs that are used to analyze statistics. The name originally meant **Statistical Package for Social Sciences**. It is the most commonly used software for analyzing statistics. It is easy to learn but has worse graphics than some other software.

## References
Hyloxalus delatorreae

***Hyloxalus delatorreae*** is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body
The adult male frog is 17.5–20.8  mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 19.3–20.5 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back is gray-brown in color. There is a line down the side of the body starting at the eye. This line is gold or creamy in color.  The female frog has a white belly. The male frog's belly has white spots. There are two dark spots where the front legs meet the body. The male frog's male organs are white in color.

## Name
Scientists named this frog after Stella de la Torre, who helped catch frogs of this and other species for scientists to study.

## Home
This frog lives in wet places, for example bogs. It also lives in places where people let cows eat grass if there are forests nearby. Some of them live near streams. People have seen this frog between 2340 and 2800 meters above sea level.

## Young
This frog has young between February and June. The female frogs lay eggs on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to streams and ponds where they swim and grow.

The tadpoles are dark brown in color. Some of the muscles are cream-white in color with brown marks.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. People change the places where the frogs live to get wood to build with, to make places for cows to eat grass, and to make farms. Scientists think there are between 0 and 49 frogs alive now. They say changing even one marsh to something else could kill all of them. Scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis could also have killed many of these frogs.

## References
Eidsvoll

**Eidsvoll** is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is in the Romerike region and the town of Sundet is its main centre. It's known for being the place the Norwegian Constituent Assembly happened in 1814. In 2024 it had a population of  people and an area of .

## Etymology 
The name "Eidsvoll" comes from two Old Norse words: "eid," meaning a road around a waterfall, and "voll," meaning meadow or field. Before 1918, it was spelled "Eidsvold" and this name is still occasionally used.

## History 
Eidsvoll became a municipality in 1838. The area has been mentioned in old Norse manuscripts.  In the 11th century, it became an important meeting place for the region called the "site of court and assembly." Eidsvoll's location near the Vorma River and Lake Mjøsa made it a popular route to northern Norway.

Eidsvoll Verk, an ironworks, opened in 1624. By 1814, it had become the site where Norway's Constitution was written and signed.  Today, this site is a museum called Eidsvollsbygningen.

In 1854, Eidsvoll became the endpoint for Norway's first railway, connecting to Oslo. The town also has other historic churches, including Langset Church from 1859 and Feiring Church from 1875.

## Administration
The mayor, Nina Kristengård, is elected until late 2027.

## Other websites 
*  (in Norwegian)

## References
Sitelen sitelen

**Sitelen Sitelen**  (also known as *Sitelen Suwi* ) is a project by Jonathan Gabel started in 2012, with which he created a non-linear form of writing inspired by the Mayan script for Toki Pona, a constructed language (or conlang) made by Sonja Lang. 

*Sitelen Sitelen* (drawing writing) is the third most used form of writing in Toki Pona: it creates sentences by putting together different drawings that indicate Toki Pona words. Each word in Toki Pona has a *sitelen sitelen* form.
## Sound symbols
Sitelen sitelen has "sound symbols" that tell the sound of something without a meaning. These are often used for names of people or places.

## References
Hopla

***Hopla*** is a Belgian animated educational preschool television series created by Bert Smets and produced by Bert Smets Productions based on Ostend, Belgium. Similar to its spiritual predecessor *Tik Tak*, the series is aimed at babies and toddlers and has no dialogue (the only dialogue is the series' name). The series is animated with Strata 3D.

The series first aired on Ketnet, a Flemish television channel on 2 April 2000, and became popular soon afterward. Hopla's home entertainment titles have sold over 300,000 copies and their book-related merchandise has garnered sales close to 700,000. The series revolves eight seasons and 198 episodes are aired until 3 September 2008. On 25 June 2025, the series brought Bert Smets to *Timbalo*.

## Plot
Every five-minute episode contains a daily routine of the white anthropomorphic bunny Hopla to start his day stimulates young minds with comforting situations, simple, sweet, bright, familiar objects and a colorful world of fun. He emphasives of looking, learning and loving each other their best friends: the pig Onki, the bear Nina, and a kitten Lola.

## Episodes
## Development and broadcast 
In 1999, the series created by the 3D animator designed by Pixar Animation Studios and during the spinoff adventure series of *Toy Story*, but Smets created a new rabbit character (but the eyes look black peeled as tiny-sized dots in it) because it is the first youth programming in Belgium through *Musti* (unlikely related). *Hopla* first aired on Ketnet in Belgium on 2 April 2000. *Hopla* has been aired in 31 countries (including Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Spain, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States). In Portugal, the show aired on public channel RTP2, with some dialogue added to briefly describe each scene's contents. It also airs on BabyFirst in the United States through 3 December 2007 to 31 December 2010, due to an exclusive multi-year distribution deal between Bert Smets Productions and NCircle Entertainment, a subsidiary of Alliance Entertainment, signed on 16 October 2007 until the cease on 20 May 2008 due to three DVDs are published.

## References
Joseph Safina

**Joseph Safina** (born December 8, 1967) is an American race car driver. He competed in the 24 Hours of Daytona, Grand Am Rolex Sports Car Series, and IMSA GT.  He was the first to race a Lamborghini GTR at the 12 Hours of Sebring and drove the Florida Marlins sponsored Porsche in the 2009 IMSA SportsCar Championship.

## Biography 
Safina was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Safina began racing cars professionally in 1990 and is the head of Safina Racing. He has competed in the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series, the 12 Hours of Sebring, and the 24 Hours of Daytona, finishing in the top ten five times. Safina also placed third at Homestead in the GT class and achieved international podium finishes, including the 24 Hours of Dubai. He first raced a Lamborghini GTR at Sebring and drove a Marlins-sponsored Porsche in the 2009 IMSA Championship.

He is the founder of Safina Asset Management and co-founder of Nichols, Safina, Lerner & Co.

## References
Opiki

**Opiki** is a settlement in the Horowhenua District, New Zealand. It is located on State Highway 56 and is 18 kilometers southwest of Palmerston North. It has a primary school situated in the township.

## References
Billy the Kid and the Green Baize Vampire

***Billy the Kid and the Green Baize Vampire*** is a 1985 British fantasy musical horror comedy movie directed by Alan Clarke and starring Phil Daniels, Bruce Payne, Alun Armstrong, Don Henderson, Louise Gold, Kevin Lloyd, Caroline Quentin.

## Other websites
*
Ōwhango

**Ōwhango** is a small town in the Ruapehu District, New Zealand. It is 22 kilometers south of Taumarunui on State Highway 4. It has a primary school and is the home of rower Don Rowlands.

## References
The Bad News Bears Go to Japan

***The Bad News Bears Go to Japan*** is a 1978 American sports comedy movie directed by John Berry and starring Tony Curtis and Jackie Earle Haley. It was a sequel to the 1977 movie *The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training*.

## Other websites
*
Bad News Bears (2005 movie)

***Bad News Bears*** is a 2005 American sports comedy movie directed by Richard Linklater and starring Billy Bob Thornton Greg Kinnear and Marcia Gay Harden. It was a reboot to the 1976 movie *Bad News Bears*.

## Other websites
*
The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training

***The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training*** is a 1977 American sports comedy movie directed by Michael Pressman and starring William Devane, Clifton James and Jackie Earle Haley. It was a sequel to the 1976 movie *Bad News Bears*.

## Other websites
*
Re'im

Kibbutz '''Re'im''' is an Israeli settlement near the Gaza Strip. It was where the Re'im music festival massacre happened in 2023.
Fermín Aldeguer

**Fermín Aldeguer Mengual** (born 5 April 2005) is a Spanish motorcycle road racer, competing in Moto2 for the Speed Up Racing.

## Career statistics
### European Talent Cup
#### Races by year
(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position; races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

### FIM CEV Stock600 European Championship
#### Races by year
(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

### FIM CEV Moto2 Championship
#### Races by year
(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position, races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

### Grand Prix motorcycle racing
#### By season
#### By class
#### Races by year
(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position; races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

 Half points awarded as less than two thirds of the race distance (but at least three full laps) was completed.
 Season still in progress.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
How I'm Feeling Now

'''''How I'm Feeling Now''''' is Charli XCX's fourth studio album. The album contains singles like "Forever", "Claws" and "I Finally Understand".

## Rankings 
## Track listing
**Notes**
*  indicates an additional producer.
* "C2.0" incorporates lyrics from "Click" and contains vocals from Kim Petras.

## Personnel
**Musicians**

* Charlotte Aitchison – all vocals
* A. G. Cook – drum programming , synthesizers , programming , xylophone , bass , drums , additional drum and synthesizer programming , background vocals 
* Dijon Duenas – drum programming and synthesizers 
* BJ Burton – drum programming , synthesizers , Moog , bass , drums 
* Dylan Brady – bass , drum programming , drums , synthesizers , softsynths , harsh noise 
* Eli Teplin – keyboards 
* Jim-E Stack – Roland JV-1080 
* Benjamin Keating – background vocals, bass, drum programming, drums, synthesizer 
* Kim Petras – additional vocals 
* Jaan Umru – bass, drum programming, synth sound design, "vibes" 

**Technical**

* Charlotte Aitchison – executive production, recording , engineering 
* BJ Burton – executive production, engineering , vocal production 
* A. G. Cook – executive production, engineering , vocal production 
* Stuart Hawkes – mastering
* Geoff Swan – mixing
* Niko Battistini – assistant mix engineering
* Dylan Brady – vocal production 
* Benjamin Keating – vocal production 
* Jaan Umru – vocal processing 

## Charts
## Release history
## References
The Fly (U2 song)

"**The Fly**" is a 1991 song by Irish rock group U2 and is the leading single from their seventh studio album *Achtung Baby*. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Ireland, Australia, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Norway and went to number 61 in the United States.

## Track listings
## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## References
Crash (Charli XCX album)

***Crash*** is Charli XCX's fifth studio album. The album contains singles like "Good Ones", "New Shapes" featuring Christine and the Queens and Caroline Polachek, "Beg for You" featuring Rina Sawayama, "Baby", "Every Rule" and "Used to Know Me".

## Accolades
Since the album's release, *Crash* has been named by several magazines as one of the best albums of 2022. Commercially, it is Charli XCX's best-selling record, being one of the UK's best-selling vinyl and cassette records.

### Awards for *Crash* 
### Ranking of *Crash* songs
## Track listing 
**Notes**
*  signifies an additional producer.
* "Beg for You" contains samples of "Don't Cry" by Milk Inc. and "Cry for You" by September.
* "Used to Know Me" contains samples of "Show Me Love" by Robin S.
* "How Can I Not Know What I Need Right Now" contains samples of "Saturday Love" by Cherrelle and Alexander O'Neal.

## Personnel 
### Musicians and vocals 
* Charli XCX – vocals
* George Daniel – vocal chops, drums, bass programming , synth and keys programming 
* Waylon Rector – guitar 
* A. G. Cook – programming, synths 
* Christine and the Queens – vocals 
* Caroline Polachek – vocals 
* Deaton Chris Anthony – additional vocals, synths, keyboard programming, bass programming, instrumentation ,  drum programming 
* Lotus IV – drum programming, instrumentation , keyboard programming, bass programming 
* Caroline Ailin – background vocals 
* Oscar Holter – programming, drums, bass, keys 
* Rina Sawayama – vocals 
* Sorana – additional backing vocals 
* Sadpony – synths, bass, drum programming 
* Justin Raisen – guitar, FX 
* Ariel Rechtshaid – drum programming, synths, nylon guitar 
* Jon Shave – keyboards, programming 
* Darryl Reid – keyboards, programming 
* Noonie Bao – percussion 

### Technical 
* Geoff Swan – mixing 
* Niko Battistini – mix assistance 
* Matt Cahill – mix assistance 
* A. G. Cook – engineering 
* Randy Merrill – mastering
* Serban Ghenea – mixing 
* Bryce Bordone – mix assistance 
* Lionel Crasta – bridge vocals engineering 
* John Hanes – engineering 
* Oscar Holter – engineering 
* Thomas Warren – engineering 
* Kevin Grainger – mixing 
* Alexander Soifer – additional vocal production 
* Ben Hogarth – vocal engineering 
* Jonathan Gilmore – vocal production & engineering for Rina Sawayama 
* Anthony Tucci Jr. – Charli vocal recording 
* Manny Marroquin – mixing 
* Ian Kirkpatrick – recording 
* Ainjel Emme – assistant engineering 
* Anthony Paul Lopez – engineering 
* Justin Raisen – engineering 
* Sadpony – engineering 
* Rami Yacoub – vocal recording 
* Matt DiMona – engineering 
* Matt Cohn – engineering 
* Jon Shave – engineering 
* Darryl Reid – engineering 
* Lou Carrao – engineering 
* Oli Jacobs – mixing 

## Charts
## Certifications 
## Release history
## References
Brat (album)

***Brat*** is Charli XCX's sixth studio album. The album consists of singles including the "360", "Von Dutch", "Girl, So Confusing", "Apple" and "Guess".  The album features production by Charli XCX herself, her longtime executive producer A. G. Cook, her partner George Daniel, and others

## Release
*Brat* was released on June 7, 2024. A deluxe edition, titled ''Brat and It's the Same but There's Three More Songs So It's Not'', was released on June 10. The album consists of three additional songs. 

On June 21, a remix version of "Girl, So Confusing" featuring New Zealander singer Lorde was released. On 1 August, a remix version of "Guess" from the deluxe edition was released featuring singer Billie Eilish. The following day, "Apple" was released to Italian radio as the album's third single.

## Accolades
## Track list
**Notes**
* All tracks are stylized in sentence case.
*  signifies an additional producer.
*  signifies a vocal producer.

* "Guess" contains an interpolation of "Technologic" (2005), written by Thomas Bangalter and Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, and performed by Daft Punk.
* "Spring Breakers" contains an interpolation of "Everytime" (2003), written by Britney Spears and Annet Artani, and performed by Spears.

## Personnel
* Charli XCX – vocals, executive production, design, layout
* Randy Merrill – mastering
* Idania Valencia – mastering (tracks 1–5, 7–18)
* Manny Marroquin – mixing (tracks 1, 8)
* Tom Norris – mixing (tracks 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 13)
* Bart Schoudel – mixing, vocal engineering (tracks 4, 12)
* Gesaffelstein – mixing (tracks 4, 12)
* Geoff Swan – mixing (tracks 7, 9, 11, 14–18)
* Cirkut – vocal engineering (tracks 1, 8)
* George Daniel – vocal engineering (tracks 2, 11)
* Jon Shave – vocal engineering (tracks 3, 9)
* Finn Keane – vocal engineering (tracks 3, 14)
* A. G. Cook – vocal engineering (tracks 5, 7, 10, 13, 14, 16), executive production
* Ashley Jacobson – vocal recording (track 6)
* Hudson Mohawke – vocal engineering (track 13)
* Matt Cahill – mixing assistance (tracks 7, 9, 11, 14–18)
* Darin Lewis – promotion, listener, approvals
* Special Offer – design, layout
* Imogene Strauss – design, layout

## Reception
The album has a 95/100 rating on Metacritic, meaning "universal acclaim." It is the highest-rated album of 2024 and 14th-highest rated album of all time on the site.
## Charts
## Certifications
## References
David Hayter

**David Hayter** is an American voice actor and Screenwriter. Hayter played Solid Snake in the Metal Gear video games and wrote the scripts for X-Men, X2, and Watchmen.

## Filmography
### Anime (English dubbing)
### Animation
### Video games
### Live action
#### Acting roles
### Webshow
## References
Sucker

**Sucker** may mean:

## General use
* Lollipop or sucker, a type of confection
* Sucker (slang), a slang term for a very gullible person
* Hard candy
** Cough drop
** Mint (candy)

## Biology
* Sucker (botany), a term for a shoot that arises underground from the roots of a tree or shrub
* Sucker (zoology), various adhesive organs
* Suckerfish (disambiguation)

## In arts and entertainment
### Film and television
**Suckers* or *The secret life of suckers*, an animated television series by Spanish animation studio BRB Internacional
* *The Suckers*, a 1972 sexploitation film directed by Stu Segall
* *Suckers* (film), a 1999 comedy-drama film directed by Roger Nygard
* *Sucker*, a 2011 horror film produced by Kimberley Kates
* "The Sucker" (*The Amazing World of Gumball*), a 2018 episode of *The Amazing World of Gumball*
* "Suckers", a 2003 episode of the fourth season of *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation*

### Books
* *Suckers: How alternative medicine makes fools of us all*, a 2008 book about alternative medicine written by Rose Shapiro

### Music
* Suckers (band), a Brooklyn-based band
* *Sucker* (Charli XCX album), a 2014 album and its title track by Charli XCX
* *Sucker* (Ian Sweet album), a 2023 album by Ian Sweet
* "Sucker" (song), a 2019 song by the Jonas Brothers
* "Sucker", a 1994 song by Baboon from *Face Down in Turpentine*
* "Sucker", a 1973 song by The J.B.'s from *Doing It to Death*
* "Sucker", a 1972 song by Mott the Hoople from *All the Young Dudes*
* "Sucker", a 2000 song by New Found Glory from *New Found Glory*
* "Sucker", a 2000 song by Peaches from *The Teaches of Peaches*
* "Suckers!", a 2007 song by Super Furry Animals from *Hey Venus!*'

## Related pages 
* Sücka
* Sucker Lake (disambiguation)
* Suckermouth
* Sucker punch (disambiguation)
* Sucker River
* Sucker State, unofficial nickname for Illinois
* Suction cup
* No Sucker, a 2020 song by Lil Baby and Moneybagg
South Africans in France

**South Africans in France** are citizens or residents of France whose ancestors came from South Africa.

The United Nations says there were 5,926 South Africans living in France in 2020.

## References
Ferrous tungstate

**Ferrous tungstate** () is an inorganic compound. It can be synthesized from iron(III) chloride and sodium tungstate under hydrothermal conditions with the presence of L-cysteine reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+. Ferberite (Name of a mineral) is composed of this compound.

## Sources
Raetihi

**Raetihi** is a small town in the Ruapehu District, New Zealand. It is situated on the junction of State Highway 4 and State Highway 49. It is 9 kilometers west of Ohakune and 88 kilometers northwest of Whanganui. It has a primary school located in the township.

## References
Manuel Rodríguez Erdoíza

**Manuel Rodríguez Erdoíza** (25 February 1785 – 26 May 1818) was a Chilean revolutionary rebel leader. He led the Chilean War of Independence movement. He was later captured by the Spanish colonial authorities. He was executed for treason in 1818, in Til Til.

Rodríguez was born in the city of Santiago.

## References
## Other websites
Spanish Mexicans

According to the 2023 Spanish Census, 155,543 Spanish lived in Mexico. Spaniards are concentrated in Mexico City with the population of 11,703 followed by Mexico State (1,478), Jalisco (451) and Querétaro (420).

The vast majority of Mexicans have at least partial Spanish ancestry; the northern and western regions of Mexico have a higher prevalence of Spanish heritage.[2] There are three recognized large-scale Spanish immigration waves to the territory which is now Mexico: the first arrived during the colonial period, the second during the Porfiriato and the third after the Spanish Civil War.

## Related pages
* Mexican people
* Mestizo
* Hispanic

## References
Fourth Sarkar ministry

**Manik Sarkar** became Chief Minister of Tripura on 6 March 2013. 
Here is the list of ministers:

## Cabinet ministers
Ministers sworn on 6 March 2013:

## References
Alice Beuns

**Alice Beuns** (5 February 1901 — 7 May 1995) was a French sprinter and hurdler, with her main results during the early 1920s. She was a member of Normandia SR.

She was four times national champion. She represented France internationally.

## Biography
Beuns was born in 1901 in Malaunay, Normandy, France. She became a member of sports club "Normandia Sports Rouen" (Normandia SR).

At the 1922 France–Belgium women's athletics match she won the 250 metres, the 83 metres hurdles and also the 4 x 200
metres relay event.

Beuns married to Auguste Emmanuel Robert Coquin in Rouen in 1922.

## References
Tems

Temilade Openiyi, known professionally as Tems, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, and record producer. She was born on June 11, 1995, in Lagos, Nigeria. Raised primarily by her Nigerian mother after her British-Nigerian father left the family, Tems attended Dowen College in Lekki, Lagos, before pursuing a degree in Economics at a university in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Tems began her music career in 2018 with the release of her self-produced debut single, "Mr. Rebel." She gained further attention in 2019 with her single "Try Me." Her international recognition increased after being featured on Wizkid's song "Essence," which earned her several award nominations, including a Grammy. Tems has also collaborated with artists such as Drake on "Fountains" and Future on "Wait For U," the latter debuting at the top of the Billboard Hot 100.

Tems has received various accolades throughout her career, including multiple NAACP Image Awards, a Soul Train Music Award, and BET Awards. She is recognized as a significant figure in both the Nigerian and international music industries.

## References
Rao (disambiguation)

**Rao** term may also refer to:  

* Rao (Indian surname), name found in several communities based on Sanskrit rājā 'king'  or monarches.

* Rao tittle possesed by imperial member used to served under Hindu ruling aristocracy spreaded in vast regional domain of Indian subcontinent.

* Rao Bahadur, a title of honour issued by the British in India
Neochactas garciai

***Neochactas garciai*** is a species of scorpion in the genus Chactidae .

## Distribution 
This species is endemic to the state of Bolívar in Venezuela. It is most commonly found near Gran Sabana.

## Systematics and taxonomy 
This species was described under the protonym *Broteochactas garciai* by González-Sponga in 1978. It was moved to the genus *Neochactas* by Soleglad and Fet in 2003.

## Etymology 
This species is named in honor of Edgard García.

## Original publication 
* Gonzalez Sponga, 1978 : *Escorpiofauna from the eastern region of Estado Bolivar, in Venezuela.* Roto Impresos C. HAS. , Caracas, 

## References 
## Other websites 
* The Scorpion Files : Jan Ove Rein, Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
* 
* Reference Catalogue of Life : Neochactas garciai (González-Sponga, 1978) (accessed December 21, 2020 )
Hachani Cabinet

The **Hachani Cabinet** is the current government of Tunisia since 2 August 2023. It is led by Prime Minister of Tunisia Ahmed Hachani.

All ministers from the previous cabinet stayed in office.

## Cabinet members 
## Cabinet reshuffle
On 17 October 2023 the President of the Republic Kais Saied appointed Sihem Boughdiri Minister of Finance, to run the Ministry of Economy and Planning on a temporary basis. He replaced Samir Saied.

On 21 June 2024 President Kais Saied fired Minister of Religious Affairs , after 49 Tunisian Hajj pilgrims died in Saudi Arabia.

## References
Saskia Burmeister

**Saskia Burmeister** (born February 12, 1985) is an Australian actress known for her roles in Hating Alison Ashley and Sea Patrol.

## Early and personal life
Born in New South Wales, Burmeister grew up in Bellingen on the Mid-North Coast of New South Wales. She was educated at Mosman High School in Sydney, and trained at the Australian Theatre for Young People.

In February 2008, Burmeister married Australian actor Jamie Croft. They met during a film audition and began dating after acting together in The Pact.

## Career
During high school, Burmeister appeared in various theatre productions, including Blackrock, The Merchant of Venice, and Chapel Perilous.

She joined the cast of Wicked Science in 2003 as Dina Demiris. In 2005, she appeared in the comedy film Hating Alison Ashley and was nominated for Best Lead Actress by the Australian Film Institute (AFI).

Burmeister made a guest appearance on Blue Heelers and won the 2006 AFI Award for Best Guest or Supporting Actress in a Television Series for her performance in episode 493.

In 2007, she joined Sea Patrol as Nikki Caetano. That year, she also appeared in The Jammed and was nominated for Best Supporting Actress by the AFI.

In April 2011, Lizzy Lovette of The Sun-Herald reported that Burmeister had joined Home and Away. She had an extended guest role as Tegan Callahan. Burmeister dyed her hair blonde for the role. Her younger sister, Martika Sullivan, also got a role in the show.

In 2012, Burmeister joined the cast of Black & White & Sex and had a guest role in Tricky Business.

## References
Access Point Name

An **Access Point Name (APN)** is a unique identifier that serves as a gateway between a mobile network and the internet. It consists of a series of configuration settings that dictate how a mobile device connects to the network, determines the type of service (internet, MMS, etc.), and facilitates data transfer between the mobile device and the network operator's servers. Essentially, an APN defines the network path for all cellular data connectivity. 

## References
M. Hoke Smith

**M. Hoke Smith** was an American Democratic Party politician who served as governor of Georgia from 1907 to 1909 and then for a few months in 1911.

A racist who believed that blacks were “inferior mentally to the white man,” Smith helped bring about legislation that disenfranchised the black voters of Georgia.

More positive was Smith’s reform record. During his two terms as governor, a wide range of progressive social reforms were introduced. An Act of 1907 provided for the purchase and maintenance of charitable homes for indigent old women. This applied to counties with populations of 75,000 people or more. An Act of 1908 limited the interest rate on loans made in Georgia. A pure food and drug act of 1908 extended the provisions of a previous 1906 law. It did this by providing for a drug inspector and food inspector. Other legislation provided for the setting up of a tuberculosis sanitarium. 

Juvenile courts were also set up as branches of the superior courts. In addition, a parole system was established. The legislature also provided for the improved treatment of women prisoners. Public school funding went up by 30% and child labor conditions were improved. During Smith’s last year in office, an Act was passed that provided for the reduction in the weekly hours of textile workers to sixty.

Following the end of his time as governor, he became a United States senator.

## References
Hyloxalus azureiventris

The **sky-blue poison frog** (*Hyloxalus azureiventris*) is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

## Body
The adult frog is about 27 mm long from nose to rear end.  The frog's skin is black with bright yellow and blue-green marks to tell other animals that the frog is poisonous.  There are yellow stropes from the nose over the eyes to the back legs. There are more yellow stripes from the nose to the front legs. The tops of the back, front legs, and back legs have blue-green patterns.  The sides of the body are black in color, and all four legs have bright blue marks.

## Home
This frog lives in forests.  People have seen this frog in caves and near piles of rock. Sometimes people see young frogs on dead leaves on the ground. Scientists do not know if this frog can live in place that humans have changed. People have seen this frog between 200 and 1200 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in at least one protected park: Cordillera Escalera Regional Conservation Area.

## Young
When the day begins to end the male frogs sit on the rocks or in cracks in the rocks and call to the female frogs. The female frog lays her eggs in water in coconut skin, on the dead leaves on the ground, or in bromeliad plants. She lays 12-16 eggs at a time. The male frog watches the eggs. After they hatch, he carries the tadpoles to water. The tadpoles can swim in streams, in water in palm tree leaves on the ground, or in water in other plants on the ground.

The tadpoles can be 11.5 mm long. The end of the tail is round. It has five rows of teeth, two on top and three on the bottom. The tadpoles are dark gray in color.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out. It is in danger because people change the places where it lives to farms, do things for fun, and other things. People sometimes sell this frog as a pet, but because it can have tadpoles in when living with humans, this is not against the law.

## References
FyaVerse

**Fabian Wayne Edwards** (born November 16, 1999), known professionally as **FyaVerse** is Jamaican dancehall singer songwriter. Born and raised in **Manchester, Jamaica**. He is known for his unique blend of dancehall fusion with urban lingo sounds, and *his unapologetic lyrics,* he rise to prominence in 2024 for his single "**To My Island**".

## Early Life & Career 
Born in **Manchester, Jamaica** and Rise to Prominence for his dancehall fusion track (**To** **My Island**),

## Reference's
List of municipalities of Norway

**Municipalities** in Norway are the basic units of local government. Norway is divided into 15 regions called counties. These counties are further divided into 357 municipalities (as of 2024). The capital city, Oslo, is both a county and a municipality.

A municipal council, made up of elected members, governs the municipality.  Each county has a governor who represents the King and government.

## Municipalities 
This list is organized by county.

### Agder 
### Akershus 
### Buskerud 
### Finnmark 
### Østfold 
### Innlandet 
### Møre og Romsdal 
### Nordland 
### Rogaland 
### Telemark 
### Troms 
### Trøndelag 
### Vestfold 
### Vestland 
## References
My Dad the Bounty Hunter

**My Dad the Bounty Hunter** is an American animated science fiction adventure action-comedy television series by Everett Downing Jr. and Patrick Harpin for Netflix. It premiered on February 9, 2023. The series was cancelled after two seasons.

## References
Amazing (Matt Cardle song)

"**Amazing**" is a song by British singer-songwriter Matt Cardle, released as the third single from his debut studio album, *Letters*, on 19 February 2012. The song was co-written by Tom Leonard, Martin Harrington, Ash Howes, Richard Stannard and Cardle himself.

## References
Self-proclaimed monarchy

at Notre-Dame de Paris. Napoleon crowned himself as "Emperor of the French" during this ceremony, then crowned his consort Josephine as Empress.]]
A **self-proclaimed monarchy** is established when a person claims a monarchy without any historical ties to a previous dynasty. 

In many cases, this would make them a pretender to the throne (when a ruling dynasty is already established). 

## References
Enterprise State Community College

**Enterprise State Community College** is a public community college in Enterprise, Alabama. It was made by the Alabama State Board of Education in February 2003 by reorganizing Enterprise State Junior College to include the Alabama Aviation Centers at Ozark and Mobile. 

In December 2009, the Alabama State Board of Education permitted a name change to Enterprise State Community College and allow them to advertise programs as **Alabama Aviation College, a unit of Enterprise State Community College**.

## Notable alumni 
* Bobby Bright, United States Congressman from Alabama
* Jerome Walton, 1989 Major League Baseball National League rookie of the year.

## Other websites 
https://escc.edu/
SAS language

The **SAS language** is a fourth-generation programming language used for statistical analysis, created by Anthony James Barr at North Carolina State University. It is used for data mining, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. 

## References
Adobo

**Adobo** is a Spanish way of preparing food. It involves soaking meat in a marinade made out of vinegar and spices. The name "adobo" is also used for different ways of preparing food in other countries. In the Caribbean, adobo is a dry seasoning instead of a marinade. In the Philippines, adobo is a stew made out of marinated meat.

## History
Adobo is named after the Spanish word "", which means marinade.

## References
Filipino food

**Filipino food** or **Filipino cuisine** is the cuisine of the Philippines.

## History
Ingredients and cooking styles from many different parts of the world have changed Filipino food. It is similar to Indonesian food, Malaysian food, Chinese food, Spanish food and American food.

## List of foods
* Adobo
* Callaloo
* Palm wine
* Satay

## References
Chicken marsala

**Chicken marsala** is an Italian food made with thin chicken pieces in a sauce made of Marsala wine. 
## Ingredients
Chicken marsala is made by covering thin pieces of chicken with flour and cooking them in a pan. The cooked chicken is covered in a sauce made by reducing marsala wine and garlic.
## References
Reduction (cooking)

In cooking, a **reduction** is a sauce or liquid that has been thickened by heating it slowly. The heat causes some of the water in the sauce to evaporate. This makes the sauce thicker and gives it a stronger taste.

## References
Ichkabal

**Ichkabal** is a Mayan ruin in Quintana Roo, Mexico. It was discovered in 1995 by the Spanish archaeologist Enrique Nalda Hernández.

The site opened to tourists in September 2024.

## References
Fortified wine

**Fortified wine** is wine that has had liquor mixed into it while it was fermenting. The added liquor means that the wine has more alcohol in it and a different flavor.
## History
Fortified wines became popular in Europe during the 1600s.
## Types
There are many popular types of fortified wine, including:
* Sherry
* Port wine
* Vermouth
* Madeira wine
* Marsala wine
## References
Marsala wine

**Marsala wine** is a fortified wine made from grapes. It is made in Marsala, Italy. It is used in cooking, especially to make the sauce on chicken marsala. There are both sweet and "dry" tasting types of marsala wine.

## Place where it is made 
Marsala wine is made in Marsala, Italy. Many countries only allow wine made in Marsala to be called "Marsala wine". It is made by mixing grape brandy with wine and letting the mixture age in an oak barrel. This makes the wine have more alcohol in it and taste sweeter.

## History 
The English merchant John Woodhouse went to Marsala in 1773 and liked the wine there. He sold it in England where it became very popular, making the wine famous around the worldwide. Woodhouse knew that this process would help the wine to stay fresh during long journeys by boat. Woodhouse further believed that fortified Marsala would be popular in England. Marsala indeed proved so successful that Woodhouse returned to Sicily and, in 1796, began its mass production and commercialization. Other merchants ended up selling Marsala wine in Europe and the Americas.

## References
Madeira wine

**Madeira wine** is a fortified wine made in the Madeira Islands. It is made by mixing grape wine with brandy. This mixture means that Madeira wine tastes different, has more alcohol and lasts a long time.

## References
Vindaloo

**Vindaloo** is an Indian food. It is a type of curry made with vinegar, garlic and paprika.
## History
Vindaloo was invented in Goa, a part of India that used to be colonized by Portuguese Empire. It was first made by adding Indian spices to a type of vinegar-based Portuguese stew.
## References
Ernest Saunders

**Ernest Walter Saunders** (born 21 October 1935) used to be a British business manager. He became known in the United Kingdom as one of the "Guinness Four", a group of businessmen who tried illegally to control the share price of the Guinness company. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment. He was later released after 10 months because he was thought to have Alzheimer's disease. He later recovered. 

## References
Wolfgang Schwarz

**Wolfgang Schwarz** (born 14 September 1947, in Vienna) is an Austrian figure skater. He retired in 1968. He won a gold medal at the 1968 Winter Olympics. He was one of the youngest male figure skating Olympic champions. He won two (1967, 1968) silver World Championships medals, and three (1967, 1968, 1969) silver European Championships medals.

He was arrested for sex trafficking and kidnapping.

## Other websites 
*