open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aldus Manutius

**Aldus Pius Manutius** (ca. 1452 – February 6, 1515) was a person who printed books in Venice, Italy during the Italian Renaissance. He started a company to print books called the Aldine Press in 1494. He was one of the first people to use modern printing ideas. He also printed small books that were easy to carry. 

## Early life and printing press
Manutius was born in Bassiano, in the Papal States, in what is now the province of Latina, about 100&nbsp;km south of Rome. He was born during the Italian Renaissance period. His family was well off, and in the early 1470s Manutius was sent to Rome to be taught as a scholar of human society and culture. He studied Latin under Gaspare da Verona and was also taught by Domizio Calderini. In 1475–1478 he studied Greek in Ferrara, under Guarino da Verona.

Manutius became a citizen of the town Carpi in March 1480. In 1482 he went to live in Mirandola with his old friend and fellow student, Giovanni Pico, while staying away from the Venetian army. He lived there for two years, learning about Greek literature. Before Pico moved to Florence, he made Manutius the teacher to his sister's sons, Alberto and Leonello Pio, who were young royal sons of the town of Carpi. In Carpi, Manutius grew close with his student, Alberto Pio. At the end of the 1480s Manutius created two works addressed to his two students and their mother, Caterina Pico. Both works were printed by Baptista de Tortis in Venice — *Musarum panagyris* with its *Epistola Catherinae Piae*, March/May 1487 – March 1491 and the *Paraenesis*, 1490. This would serve as Manutius's start in publishing.

## Aldine Press
In 1494 Manutius made the Aldine Press in Venice. The Aldine Press printed its first material in February 1495. Pier Francesco Barbarigo owned half of the Aldine Press. Andrea Torresani owned the other half. Manutius shared part of what Torresani owned with him. Aldus Manutius wanted to save ancient Greek literature. He wanted to make it so that everybody could read what the Greeks had written a very long time ago. He did this by printing copies of things they had written. He wanted to make the letters he used in printing to look like the handwriting of Latin and Greek humanists. People in Venice usually wrote in curly connected letters. Printing presses only used square looking letters back then. By making letters that were all connected and curly, Manutius could make the things he printed more personal. Manutius paid Francesco Griffo of Bologna to make the new letters used in the printing press. The letters that Griffo made were used to print Cardinal Pietro Bembo's *De Aetna* in 1495. These letters were also the first model of italic type. The letters were used until 1501.

## References
Thomas Morrow Reavley

**Thomas Morrow Reavley** (June 21, 1921 &ndash; December 1, 2020) was an American judge. He served as Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit from July 13, 1979 until his death. He was nominated by President Jimmy Carter.

Reavley was born in Quitman, Texas. He studied at University of Texas, Austin, at Harvard University and at the University of Virginia. He was in the United States Navy from 1942 to 1946. Reavley was married to fellow Fifth Circuit judge Carolyn Dineen King from 2004 until his death.

Reavley died on December 1, 2020 in Houston, aged 99.

## References
## Other websites
*University of Texas Law Library biography
Len Wein

**Len Wein** (; June 12, 1948 – September 10, 2017) was an American comic book writer and editor. He was born in New York City, New York.

Wein was best known for co-creating DC Comics' Swamp Thing and Marvel Comics' Wolverine, and for helping revive the Marvel superhero team the X-Men (including the co-creation of Nightcrawler, Storm, and Colossus).

Additionally, he was the editor for writer Alan Moore and illustrator Dave Gibbons' influential DC miniseries *Watchmen*.

Wein was added into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2008.

Wein died of a heart attack on September 10, 2017 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
*Len Wein interview at Fantastic Four Headquarters 
*Len Wein  at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
*
*Len Wein at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
Frosinone

**Frosinone**  is a city and a *comune* in the Lazio region of Central Italy, the capital of the province of Frosinone. The city is about  southeast of Rome.

## Geography
The *comune* of Frosinone has an area of  and its altitude is  above sea level.

### *Frazioni*
The following *frazioni* (hamlets) are part of the *comune* of Frosinoneː Capo Barile Nicolia, Cerreto, Cinque Vie, Colle Cannuccio, Farnito, Fontana Grande, Impratessa, La Cervona, Lago Maniano, Le Noci, Le Pignatelle, Le Rase, Pratillo, San Liberatore, Selva Dei Muli, Valle Contessa, Vetiche I.

## Population
, there are 46,120 persons (22,004 males and 24,116 females) living in the *comune*, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

### Population evolution 

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 bar:1991 at: 45815 fontsize:S text: 45,815 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:2001 at: 48636 fontsize:S text: 48,636 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:2011 at: 46649 fontsize:S text: 46,649 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:2017 at: 46120 fontsize:S text: 46,120 shift:(-18,5)

## Gallery

File:OrmisdasquareFrosinone.jpg|Piazza Sant'Ormisda
File:Porta romana a Frosinone.jpg|Porta Romana
File:ViaAldoMoro-Frosinone.jpg|Via Aldo Moro
File:Frosinone (old city).jpg|Via Garibaldi
File:FontanaCorsoDellaRepubblica-Frosinone.jpg|Fountain in *Corso della Repubblica*

## Twinned and partner towns
Frosinone is twinned with:

* Elmwood Park, United States
* Tecumseh, Canada
* Nocera Umbra, Italy
* Ponza, Italy

## Related pages
* List of communes of the Province of Frosinone

## References
## Other websites
*Frosinone official website 
* Province of Frosinone official website 
* Lazio Region Official site
Samuel Brannan

**Samuel Brannan** (March 2, 1819 – May 5, 1889) was an American businessman. He was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He started the first newspaper in San Francisco, which was called *The California Star*. He was the first person to tell everyone about the gold in California during the California Gold Rush. He was also the first person millionaire of the Gold Rush

Brannan moved to Yerba Buena, a place in northern California. He talked with the people who lived there and decided that the land by the Sacramento River would be a safe place for the Mormons to live. A lot of people didn't agree with him, so the new city didn't work. Brannan was the first person to do a lot of things there, like building a flour mill (a place that makes bread) and teaching in English.

Brannan started the first newspaper in San Francisco, which was called *The* *California Star*, on January 9, 1847.

In June 1847, Brannan went to Green River, Wyoming, to meet with Brigham Young, who was the head of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Young was leading a group of Mormons to the Great Basin area. Brannan wanted Young to bring the Mormons to California, but Young wanted to stay in Utah. Brannan wasn't happy about that, and went back to California. Brannan was the only church leader in California, so the Mormons paid him their tithes (a small part of their money). But there is no record of Brannan sending the money to his church leaders in Utah, so it's possible that he kept it for himself. Many members stopped paying him and moved to the Salt Lake valley, where most of the other Mormons were.

## References
Girl Guides

Today, about 10 million girls around the world are in an organization called **Girl Guides**. It started over 100 years ago. Around 1907 in England, Robert Baden-Powell started an organization called Boy Scouts. He taught boys how to camp and live outdoors. In 1909, Baden-Powell held a big event for Boy Scouts. Many girls said they wanted to join, too. Baden-Powell wanted to have boys and girls in different groups, so he started Girl Guides that year. In 1910, his younger sister Agnes became the leader. The girls learned how to camp, and they also learned how to take care of children. By 1912, there were Girl Guides in many other countries such as Australia, Denmark, and the United States. All Girl Guides learn a lot about life and things that are not taught at school. They have special rules about the way to live. They have to try and do something nice for someone else every day. When something bad happens, they must be strong. They must be ready for anything, so their slogan is "Be Prepared." In 1926, leaders of the Girl Guides from around the world met in a town in New York. At the meeting, they decided to make a special day for Girl Guides in all countries. They chose February 22 because it was the birthday of Robert Baden-Powell. It is called World Thinking Day. Now, on this day every year, Girl Guides around the world celebrate with special events and study about other countries and cultures.

## Related pages
*Scouting
Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)

**Tanjore District** was one of the districts in the erstwhile Madras Presidency of British India. It covered the area of the present-day districts of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam and the Aranthangi taluk of Pudukkottai District in Tamil Nadu.Thanjavur was a centre of Chola cultural heritage and one of the richest and most prosperous districts in Madras Presidency.

**Tanjore district** was constituted in 1799 when the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Serfoji II ceded most of his kingdom to the British East India Company in return for his restitution on the throne. Tanjore district, which is situated on the Cauvery Delta, is one of the richest rice-growing regions in South India. It was scarcely affected by famines such as the Great Famine of 1876–78.
## Demographics 
Tanjore District covered a total area of 9,600 square kilometres (3,710 sq mi). It had a population of 2,245,029 in 1901. The population density was 234 inhabitants per square kilometre (605/sq mi). As per the 1901 census statistics, Tanjore was the fifth most populous district in the Madras Presidency and the second most densely populated after Madras city.

According to the 1901 census, 91 percent of the population was Hindu, 5 percent Muslim and 4 percent Christian. Among Hindus, Paraiyars (310,391), Vanniyars (235,406), Vellalars (212,168), Kallars (188,463), Pallars (159,855), Valaiyars (137,216), and Brahmins (118,882) were the most numerous. Kallars were mainly found in the western part of Tanjore and Pattukkottai taluks. Tanjore had the third highest Brahmin population in the Madras Presidency (more than 6%) after South Canara and Ganjam and the highest among the Tamil-speaking districts. Most of the Muslims were Marakkayars or Labbais and concentrated in Kumbakonam taluk where they formed the majority in the towns of Ayyampettai, Rajagiri and Pandaravadai apart from Koothanallur in Mannargudi taluk. They were also found in large numbers in the Negapatam and Pattukkottai taluks. More than a third of the total Christian population of the district lived in Tanjore taluk. There were a total of about 600 Jains chiefly concentrated in the Tanjore and Mannargudi taluks.The chief Muslim places of worship were located in Tanjore and Muttupet apart from the Nagore dargah.

Tamil was spoken as mother tongue by an overwhelming majority of the population while Telugu was spoken by about 3%. Other languages spoken include Marathi (13,651) and Saurashtrian or Patnuli.

## Reference
Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)

**Chingleput district** was a district in the Madras Presidency of British India. It covered the area of the present-day districts of Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur and parts of Chennai city. It was sub-divided into six taluks with a total area of 7,970 square kilometres (3,079 sq mi). 

The first capital was the town of Karunguzhi, with an interruption between 1825 and 1835, administrative headquarters were transferred to Kanchipuram. In 1859 the region of Saidapet, now a neighbourhood in the city of Chennai, was made the administrative headquarters of the district.

## History 
Excavations made by Robert Bruce Foote indicate that the region was inhabited in the Stone age. During the end of first millennium B. C, it was under the Thondaiman kings. The Pallavas with their capital at Kanchi came to power in about 500 A. D. When the Pallava kingdom began to decline, the region was conquered by the Western Gangas in about 760 A. D. Chingleput was ruled by the Rashtrakutas, Cholas and the Kakatiyas of Warangal until the 13th century AD when it fell to the Delhi Sultanate. Chingleput area was conquered by the Vijayanagar Empire which ruled the region from 1393 till 1565 and from 1565 till 1640 as the kingdom of Chandragiri.

The area was annexed by the Mughals in 1687 and was later conquered by the Nawab of the Carnatic. In 1763, Chingleput was ceded to the British East India Company by Mohammad Ali, the then Nawab of the Carnatic. It was the site of the Carnatic Wars and was frequently taken by Tipu Sultan during the last years of the 18th century.After the independence of India, the district became part in 1950 of the newly named Madras State. As a result of the 1956 States Reorganisation Act, the state's boundaries were re-organised following linguistic lines.

## Population
As of 1901, Chingleput had a total population of 1,312,222. 96 percent of the population were Hindus while the rest where Christians and Muslims. About three-fourths of the people spoke Tamil as their mother tongue the remainder spoke Telugu. Due to its proximity to Madras city, there were also large numbers of Europeans in the district.

## References
Maghrebi Jews

**Maghrebi Jews** */ Maghrebic Jews / Maghrebim* are Jews who live(d) in the Maghreb countries. Many Maghrebi Jews have a Sephardic background.

## Related pages 
* Ashkenazi Jews
* Mizrahi Jews
* Sephardi Jews
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

**Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi**  is a Dravidian Tamil Nationalist political party in Tamil Nadu, India.Its chairman is Thol. Thirumavalavan, a lawyer from Chennai.The party's main principle is the abolition of the Hindu caste system and the institution of equality among Tamil people. The political party believes that true social equality lies in the unification of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, Other Backward Classes, and minorities such as the Christians and Muslims of Tamil Nadu.The Party is against capitalism, caste domination, and Brahminism.
## Against TASMAC
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Party is one among the parties along with Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Paataali Makkal katchi which Campaigned against government liquor shops of Tamil Nadu popularly known as TASMAC.
## Principles of the Party
The main aim of the party is to abolish the differences among Tamil people and to lift up the economically weaker sections of society. The party supported the freedom movement of Tamil people in Tamil Eelam, as well as the security of Tamil people living abroad.The party also declared that Mahinda Rajapaksa should be charged with war crimes for the alleged assassination of thousands of innocent Tamil people during war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.

## Controversies 
The Political party is accused of extra promoting Tamil nationalism and supporting Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam which is banned in India.Although major Tamil political parties DMK and ADMK both are accused for indirectly supporting LTTE, VCK is accused of supporting LTTE leader Prabakaran openly in its party posters. It is alleged that LTTE involved in the assassination of Former Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi.VCK Party is demanding release of the Rajiv Gandhi murder accusers along with major Tamil parties like NTK,MDMK,PMK,SMK,AIADMK and DMK.VCK Party also celebrated the birth day of Slain LTTE Leader Prabakaran along with other Tamil parties.
## Reference
Patrick Kennedy

**Patrick Kennedy** (February 16, 1823 – November 22, 1858) was an Irish farmer, businessman, and politician who moved to East Boston, Massachusetts from County Wexford, Ireland. He was born in New Ross, Ireland. He was the father of businessman/politician P. J. Kennedy (1858-1929), the grandfather of businessman/politician Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. (1888-1969), and the great-grandfather of President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963).

## Early life 
Patrick Kennedy was the youngest son of farmer James Kennedy Sr. (1770-1840), and Maria Maiden (1779-1836).

## Adulthood 
At the age of 26, Kennedy decided to leave Ireland, largely because he knew that a third-born son had virtually no hope of running his family's farm. His good friend at Cherry Bros. Brewery in New Ross, Patrick Barron, who taught Kennedy the skills of coopering, had come to that conclusion months earlier and left for America. In October 1848, Patrick Kennedy decided to follow. Patrick Kennedy arrived in Boston on April 22, 1849, having sailed from Liverpool, England on the Washington Irving, a substantial packet ship from the East Boston yard of Donald McKay. Patrick Barron helped settle him into Boston life and organized his coopering job on Noddle's Island (present-day East Boston). Not long after, Barron's cousin Bridget Murphy (1821-1888), who was the daughter of Phillip Murphy (1771-1850) and Mary Barron (1776-1846), made her way to Boston. She and Kennedy were married in the Holy Redeemer Church on September 26, 1849, by Father John Williams, who later became Boston's Roman Catholic Archbishop.

## Children 
Patrick and Bridget had five children:
*Mary L. Kennedy (1851-1926), who married Lawrence M. Kane (1853-1924).
*Joanna L. Kennedy (1852-1926), who married Humphrey Charles Mahoney (1854-1923).
*John Kennedy III (1854-1855), died young from cholera.
*Margaret M. Kennedy (1855-1929), who married John Caulfield (1856-1928).
*P. J. Kennedy (1858-1929), a businessman and politician who married Mary Augusta Hickey (1857-1923).

## Death 
Patrick Kennedy died on November 22, 1858, from tuberculosis at age 35.
List of Romanian scientists

:*Pages appear in :Category:Romanian scientists*
This is a **list of** notable **Romanian scientists**.

*Ion Heliade Rădulescu (d. 1802) - the first president of the Romanian Academy
*Ion Creangă (d. 1889), education theorist, wrote books including Childhood Memories
*George Emil Palade (d. 2008), he and two others got one  Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine; He was a cell biologist

*Solomon Marcus (d. 2016), known as one of the initiators of mathematical linguistics and of mathematical poetics; mathematician and semiotician
*Codrin Țapu (b. 1973), known as a writer about hypostatic approach to personality, and hypostatic abstraction" (en); he is a psychologist

## Related pages 
* List of Romanian natural scientists
* List of Romanian social scientists

## References
Mannargudi taluk

**Mannargudi taluk** is a taluk in Thiruvarur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Mannargudi.

## Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Mannargudi had a population of 308,059 with 152,132 males and 155,927 females. There were 1025 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 75.15. Child population in the age group below 6 was 13,403 Males and 12,729 Females.

## References
Ehud Barak

**Ehud Barak**, born as *Ehud Brog*, Hebrew: אהוד ברק , (born on 12 February 1942 in Mishmar HaSharon) is a former Israeli general and politician. He was a member of HaAvoda (Labor Party) till 2011.

Barak was Prime Minister of Israel from 1999 to 2001.

He was also the Chief of General Staff from 1991 to 1995, minister of foreign affairs from 1995 to 1996, and minister of defense from 2007 to 2013.

He studied physics, mathematics and economics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Stanford University.

## References 
* Bio at Knesset Website

Ehud Barak military.jpg|As a general
Ehud Barak official.jpg|As defense minister
Arafat&Clinton&Barak.jpg|President Barak with US President Bill Clinton and Palestinian President Yasser Arafat in 1999
Xavier Atencio

**Francis Xavier Atencio**, also known as **X Atencio** (September 4, 1919 – September 10, 2017), was an American animator and Imagineer for The Walt Disney Company. Atencio served as a photo interpreter in the U.S. Army Air Forces from 1941 to 1945 during World War II, reaching the rank of captain in the 2nd Photo Tech Squadron. Stationed in England, he was part of team that would analyze aerial surveillance for military intelligence.

Atencio retired from The Walt Disney Company in 1984 and was named a Disney Legend in 1996.

## References
Siegfried Köhler

**Siegfried Köhler** (July 30, 1923 in Freiburg im Breisgau – September 12, 2017 in Wiesbaden)

## References
António Francisco dos Santos

**António Francisco dos Santos** (21 February 1948 &ndash; 11 September 2017) was a Roman Catholic bishop.

He was ordain to the priesthood in 1972, dos served as auxiliary bishop of the Archbishop of Braga, Portugal, from 2004 to 2006. He then served as bishop of the Diocese of Aviero from 2006 to 2014 and as bishop of the Diocese of Porto from 2014 until his death.

dos Santos died of a heart attack in Porto, Portugal on 11 September 2017 at the age of 69.

## References
Alfred Gadenne

**Alfred Gadenne**  (31 January 1946 in Luingne &ndash; 11 September 2017 in Luingne) was a Belgian politician. He was a member of the Centre démocrate humaniste and Mayor of Mouscron in Hainaut from 2006 until his death in September 2017.

Gadenne was found dead on 11 September 2017 at the age of 71 after having his throat slashed at a graveyard close to his home in Mouscron. Local news report a suspect had handed himself in to police. The suspect is an 18 years inhabitant of Mouscron. He murdered Gadenne because his father (a fireman) had committed suicide after being fired by Gadenne.

Gadenne was an alderman of Mouscron from 1982 to 2006.

He was also a member of the Parliament of Wallonia and the Parliament of the French Community from 2009 to 2014.

## References
List of scientists from Oceania

This is a list of scientists from Oceania.

## Australia
:*Pages appear in :Category:Australian scientists*
*Elizabeth Blackburn
*Peter C. Doherty - he got the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; he is a medical doctor and veterinarian
*Ted Evans (public servant), was Secretary of the Department of the Treasury; economist
*Peter Gavin Hall, was one of only three researchers based outside of North America to win the COPSS presidents' Award; Mathematics, statistics; died in 2016
*Brian Schmidt, he and two others have a share in the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics

## Cook Islands
* Jacqueline Evans, marine conservationist; has a Goldman Environmental Prize

## Fiji
*Mahendra Reddy - minister of Ministry for Education, National Heritage, Culture and Arts

## New Zealand
*Nancy Adams, got the awards,  Queen's Service Order, and the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. Botany; died in 2007
*Margaret Cruickshank, the first registered woman doctor in New Zealand; died in 1918
*Fred Hollows; Medicine, surgery, ophthalmology; died in 1993
*David McNiven Garner
*William Phillips (economist), known for his work about the Phillips curve; economist
*Ernest Rutherford -  he got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry; nuclear physicist, and chemist; he died in 1937
*Pat Suggate
*Maurice Wilkins

## Papua New Guinea
*Herman Mandui, was the Chief Archeologist of Papua New Guinea
*Mekere Morauta, was prime minister, economist

## Solomon Islands
*Hikuna Judge, collected the first known sample of the Vangunu giant rat; Tyrone Lavery and Judge gave the first species description (for the Vangunu giant rat)

## Tuvalu
*Minute Alapati Taupo, economist, MP, d. 2022

## Related pages
*List of scientists from Africa
*List of scientists from Asia
*List of scientists from Europe
*List of scientists from North America
*List of scientists from South America
*List of women scientists from Oceania

## References
Dawn redwood

The **dawn redwood** (*Metasequoia glyptostroboides*) is a deciduous conifer that was discovered in 1941. It is native to some parts of China where people called it the "Water Fir". Although this fast-growing tree is planted around arboretums across the world, it is still endangered. It is in the family Cupressaceae.
Alina Janowska

**Alina Maria Janowska-Zabłocka** (16 April 1923 – 13 November 2017) was a Polish actress. She was known for her roles in  *Zakazane piosenki* and in *Samson* (by Andrzej Wajda). From 1970 to 1974, she starred in the comedy series *Czterdziestolatek*.

## Biography
Janowska was born in 1923 in Warsaw, Poland. She came from a wealthy family. She was arrested on the night of 23 April 1942 for helping a Jewish family. She was imprisoned for 7 months in Pawiak in Warsaw. She was a member of the Warsaw Uprising.

In 1963, she married fencer Wojciech Zabłocki.

Janowska died on 13 November 2017 in Warsaw from Alzheimer's disease, aged 94.

## References
## Other websites
*
Luingne

**Luingne**, Picard: Lœne or Lœgne, West Flemish: Lowiegn, Dutch: Lowingen, is a village in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

Luingne is a former municipality. It has been a part of the municipality of Mouscron since 1977. It borders France.

About 4,000 people are living in this village, which has an area of 554 hectares.

## Well-known people 
* Alfred Gadenne (1946-2017), mayor of Mouscron
DWRK

**DWRK** (96.3 FM), branded as 96.3 Democratic FM3, is a 24/7 Soft AC FM radio station. It is owned and operated by Presidential Broadcast Servisce st in the Philippines.

## Other websites
*Live Stream
*Easy Rock website
AFL Grand Final

The **AFL Grand Final** is a football match (Australian Rules Football) held between the teams who won in the Preliminary Final the week before. This match normally takes place at the MCG on the last Saturday of September. The winner of this match is crowned as the best team of the season and gets the Premiership Cup.

## References
University of Western Ontario

The **University of Western Ontario** is a public research university in London, Ontario, Canada. Popularly known as "Western University", it is a co-educational university, It has more than 24,000 students and 306,000 living alumni.

## History
The university was founded on March 7, 1878. The supporter was Bishop Isaac Hellmuth of the Anglican Diocese of Huron. The name was "The Western University of London Ontario".
List of places burned during the Balkan wars

**List of places burned during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913)** is a list of places totally or partly burned during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913).

## Table
## Bibliography
*
Yasmin Altwaijri

**Yasmin Ahmed Almubarak Altwaijri** is a Senior Scientist and the Head of Epidemiology Research at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. She looks at the number of times conditions such as obesity and mental illness occur in Saudi society. She also wants to make changes in the political and social system of Saudi Arabia to promote better health.

## Education
Altwaijri studied Community Health at King Saud University in Riyadh, receiving her B.Sc. in 1992. She is considered one of the top senior scientists in the country.

Altwaijri is concerned with epidemiological studies of the Saudi population, with particular attention to women, children and adolescents.

Altwaijri is a Principal Investigator for the Saudi National Mental Health Survey, a broad-based investigation assessing the impact of mental illness in Saudi communities.

## Women in science
Altwaijri chairs the Saudi Women in Science Committee, a national network of female scientists from Saudi Arabia.  She was included in the BBC's 2014 list featuring 100 Women internationally.

## Related pages
*List of scientists from the Middle East

## References
Halimah Yacob

**Halimah binte Yacob** (born 23 August 1954) is a Singaporean politician and  lawyer. She became the 8th President of Singapore in September 2017. Before becoming president, she was the Speaker of Parliament from 2013 until 2017. 

Halimah was a former member of the People's Action Party (PAP), She was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Bukit Batok East ward of Jurong GRC between 2001 and 2015, and the Marsiling division of Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC between 2015 and 2017. She is an Indian Muslim. Her father is also an Indian Muslim. She is of Malay descent. Her father was a guard. He died of a heart attack when she was eight. Yacob and her four siblings grew up with their mother. Her family was poor. She helped her mother sell nasi padang- a type of food-  outside the Singapore Polytechnic (now Bestway Building).

Halimah went to Singapore Chinese Girls' School and Tanjong Katong Girls' School.

## Career 
Halimah began her career working as a legal officer at the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC). After, she became the director of its legal services department in 1992. She later became a director of the Singapore Institute of Labour Studies (now Ong Teng Cheong Labour Leadership Institute) in 1999.

## Political career
### Pre-Presidency 
Halimah was a former member of the country's governing People's Action Party (PAP) and she made her political debut in the 2001 general election. She was part of a five-member PAP team contesting in Jurong GRC which the team won.

Halimah was the ninth Speaker of Parliament, from January 2013 to August 2017. She was a Member of Parliament (MP) representing Jurong Group Representation Constituency between 2001 and 2015, and Marsiling-Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency between 2015 and 2017. 

On 7 August 2017, she resigned from her positions as Speaker and MP, and from her membership in the PAP, to become a candidate for the 2017 Singapore presidential election.

### Presidency
In the 2017 presidential election, Halimah was the only candidate, so she won the election. Due to the win, she became president.

## Personal life 
Halimah is married to Mohammed Abdullah Alhabshee, a Malay of Arab descent. They have five children together. Mohammed graduated from the National University of Singapore with a Bachelor of Science degree in physics. It was also where he first met Halimah. 
## Honours
### Foreign honours
*:
** Collar of the Order of King Abdulaziz (6 November 2019).

### Awards
In recognition of her contributions, she was awarded the *Berita Harian Achiever of the Year Award* in 2001, the *Her World Woman of the Year Award* in 2003, and the *AWARE Heroine Award 2011*. 

She was also added into the Singapore Council of Women's Organisations' Singapore Women's Hall of Fame in 2014.

## References
Hansford Rowe

**Hansford Rowe** (May 12, 1924 – September 5, 2017) was an American character actor. He was born in Richmond, Virginia. He appeared in television and movie roles. His career began in 1967. 

In 1968, he had a non-speaking role as a judge in three episodes of the cult series *Dark Shadows*.  In 1969, he played a judge on the long-running CBS daytime drama *The Guiding Light*.  Rowe played in the 1983 NBC miniseries *V* as Arthur Dupres.

Rowe was also known for playing President Harry S. Truman in *Dark Skies*. His movie roles include ''Gordon's War* (1973), *Missing* (1982) and *Baby Boom'' (1987).

Rowe died was killed in a car crash in Newhall, California on September 5, 2017 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fluid pressure

.]]
**Fluid pressure** is a measurement of the force per unit area. Fluid pressure can be caused by gravity, acceleration, or forces in a closed container. Since a fluid has no definite shape, its pressure applies in all directions. Fluid pressure can also be amplified through hydraulic mechanisms and changes with the velocity of the fluid.

In a fluid column, as the depth increases, the pressure increases as well. Pressure (P) increases because as you go deeper, fluid at a lower depth has to support fluid above it as well. Therefore to define fluid pressure, we can say that it is the pressure at a point within a fluid arising due to the weight of the fluid.

Pressure in liquids is equally divided in all directions, therefore if a force is applied to one point of the liquid, it will be transmitted to all other points within the liquid.

The pressure in fluids can be calculated using the following relation:

'*P = *hρg  (Pressure = Height or Depth of the liquid × Density of the liquid × Gravitational pull (9.81m/s))'''''.

Pressure is a scalar quantity. The SI Unit (International System of Unit) of pressure is the Pascal, or Newton per meter squared (N/m^2). 

Points along the same depth will have the same pressure, while points at different depths will have different pressure. 

An object that is partly, or completely submerged in fluid experiences a greater pressure on its bottom surface than on its top surface. This causes a resultant force upwards. This force is called upthrust, and is also known as buoyancy

For moving containers, the pressure changes,(Acceleration is the acceleration of the container)-.

For a vertical acceleration in the upward direction, the pressure in fluids= P = ρh (g+a)

For a vertical acceleration downward, the pressure in fluids= P = ρh (g-a)

For a horizontal acceleration, the pressure in fluids= tan θ

For any random angle of acceleration, the pressure in fluids= ρh (g + a sinθ)

## Pascal's law for pressure at a point
The pressure at a point for a fluid at rest is the same in all directions. This is '''''Pascal's law'''''. However, it is only valid under the continuum medium assumption, i.e, the point must be small but large enough in order that the hypothesis of continuum medium to be valid. If the point is smaller, then thermal fluctuations become important and the pressure (if can be defined at such a level) becomes anything but fluctuation (Brownian motion). 

## References
Subcutaneous tissue

The **Subcutaneous tissue** is sometimes also called the hypodermis. It is the bottom layer of skin of an animal or plant, right below the dermis, which is below the epidermis. 

The diagram is incorrect by a typo error: The stratum germinativum is the stratum granulosum layer, the stratum basale is also called the stratum germinativum. The stratum lucidum is located below the stratum corneum. The stratum spinosum is also the stratum mucosum. Below the basal later is the papilla, then the dermis layers, below that is hypodermis also known as subcutaneous later which is the adipose (fat) location just above the vessels of lymph and veins and arteries, attaching to the muscles. However, adipose can become expansive and encapsulate around vessels of the lymphatic, veins and the arteries. 

In humans, this is where the body mostly stores fat cells, called adipocyte, and there are also white blood cells and blood vessels.

The hypodermis also connects the muscles of the body to the skin, with something called deep fascia, or connective tissue.
J. P. Donleavy

**James Patrick "J. P." Donleavy** (23 April 1926 – 11 September 2017) was an Irish-American novelist and playwright. His first novel is *The Ginger Man*. Another novel, *A Fairy Tale of New York*, provided the title of the song "Fairytale of New York". He was born in Brooklyn, New York. 

Donleavy died on 11 September 2017 in Mullingar, County Westmeath, Ireland from a stroke at the age of 91.

## References
## Other websites
*JPDonleavyCompendium.org 
*
* 
*
*"*The Ginger Man* in Dublin", *Totally Gonzo*, 17 June 2008
*"Tea & Scones & Darcy Dancer: The Making of An Irish Gentleman – An Interview with J.P. Donleavy", *Bloomsbury Review*, E. Thomas Wood, January/February 1992
Per Fugelli

**Per Fugelli** (7 December 1943 – 13 September 2017) was a Norwegian physician and professor of medicine. He was professor at the University of Bergen from 1984 to 1992, and at the University of Oslo from 1992. He was born in Stavanger, Norway. 

Among his early books are *Tilbake til huslegen* from 1975, *Doktor på Værøy og Røst* from 1977, and *Helsetilstand og helsetjeneste på Værøy og Røst* from 1978. He published the essay collections *Med sordin og kanon* and *Helse og rettferdighet* in 1990, *0-visjonen* in 2003, and *Nokpunktet* in 2008. 

Fugelli was the editor or co-editor of several works, including *Huslegen* from 1985, *Medisinsk leksikon* from 1990, *Medisin og helse* from 1993, and *Verdier og penger i helsetjenesten* from 2009.

Fugelli died in Jæren, Norway on 13 September 2017 at the age of 73.

## References
Randolph Quirk

**Charles Randolph Quirk, Baron Quirk**, CBE, FBA (12 July 1920 &ndash; 20 December 2017) was a British linguist and life peer. He was the Quain Professor of English language and literature at University College London from 1968 to 1981. He used to sit as a crossbencher in the House of Lords.

Quirk was born in Michael on the Isle of Man. He studied at University College London, at Yale University, at Michigan State University and at Durham University. In 1985, he was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters by the University of Bath.

Quirk was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1976 New Year Honours and was knighted in 1985. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

Quirk was a Labour supporter openly all his life. He was President of the British Academy from 1985 to 1989.

Quirk died in London on 20 December 2017 at the age of 97.

## References
Slavko Goldstein

**Slavko Goldstein** (22 August 1928 – 13 September 2017) was a Croatian Jewish writer, Holocaust survivor, publisher, and politician. He was born in Sarajevo, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He was a member of the Croatian Social Liberal Party and served as the party's president from 1989 through 1990.

Goldstein worked as a journalist, editor and writer in many Croatian newspapers. He wrote screenplays for several Yugoslav World War II movies such as *Signal Over the City* (*Signali nad gradom*, 1960) and *Operation Stadium* (*Akcija stadion*; 1977, co-written with Dušan Vukotić). He edited more than 150 books, and as a publisher, he worked on  about 400 titles.

Goldstein died on 13 September 2017 in Zagreb, Croatia of pneumonia at the age of 89.

## References
Liri

The **Liri** is one of the main rivers in central Italy that flows through the Abruzzo and Lazio regions. It flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea under the name **Garigliano**.

## Geography
The Liri river has a length of  ( as Garigliano), and a drainage basin with an area of approximately . The Liri-Garigliano system has a total drainage basin of .

### Course
The Liri river starts on the sides of the *Monte Camiciola*, part of the *Monti Simbruini* of central Apennines, at an elevation of about , in the *comune* of Cappadocia, L'Aquila province, Abruzzo region.

It flows at first to the southeast through a long valley, parallel to the general direction of the Apennines, until it gets to the city of Sora. Before Isola del Liri "Liri Island"), the Liri is joined by the Fibreno river and then it divides into two branches which then rejoin, surrounding the lower part of the town. One branch makes a  high waterfall.

A dam is built on the river after the confluence with the Sacco river, its main tributary, at Ceprano. The last important tributary of the Liri is the *Melfa*, with which it joins near Aquino. The river forms the border between Lazio and Campania regions and, after Cassino, it joins the *Gari* river and then it is known as *Garigliano*. After , the river flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea.

The Liri river flows through 2 regions and 2 provinces. It flows through the following *comuni*, among others:
* Abruzzo region
** L'Aquila: Cappadocia, Castellafiume, Capistrello, Civitella Roveto, Canistro, Civita d'Antino, Morino, San Vincenzo Valle Roveto, Balsorano
* Lazio region
** Frosinone: Sora, Isola del Liri, Monte San Giovanni Campano, Fontana Liri, Arce, Strangolagalli, Ceprano, San Giovanni Incarico, Aquino, Pontecorvo, San Giorgio a Liri, Sant'Apollinare

## Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Liri river are:

**Left tributaries**:
* Fibreno - 12.8 km
* Melfa - 40 km

**Right tributaries**:
* Sacco - 87 km

## Gallery

File:Sora Aout 2003 119.jpg|The Liri in Sora.
File:Sora fiume liri 03.JPG|The Liri in Sora.
File:Isola del Liri - Castello ducale e cascata - dicembre 2010.JPG|Waterfall in Isola del Liri.
File:Isola del Liri - Cascata Grande - dic 2009.JPG|*Cascata Grande* in Isola del Liri.
File:Liri.jpg|Bridge over the Liri.

## Related pages
* List of rivers of Italy

## References
Suhad Bahajri

**Suhad Bahajri ** () is a Saudi chemist. She is a medical scientist and educator presently working as a professor of clinical biochemistry and clinical nutrition at the faculty of medicine at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.  Her research centers on diet, lifestyle and chronic diseases.

## Related pages
*List of scientists from the Middle East

## References
## Other websites
* http://www.smj.org.sa/DetailArticle.asp?ArticleId=506 
* http://sbahijri.kau.edu.sa/CVEn.aspx?Site_ID=0000889&Lng=EN&URL=www.kau.edu.sa 
* http://abamaga.kau.edu.sa/Contacts.aspx?Site_ID=140&Lng=EN&Cont=8899
* http://www.kau.edu.sa/faculties/medicine/dcbcweb/prof_suhad_matoug_bahijri.htm
Abdul Karim Mustaghni

**Abdul Karim Mustaghni** (July 11, 1911 – January 13, 2004) was an Afghan scientist and politician.

From 1973 to 1977, Mustaghni was Defense Minister of Afghanistan. He helped Mohammed Daoud Khan to remove King Mohammed Zahir Shah from power.

## Literature 
*Tanwir, Halim (2013). AFGHANISTAN: History, Diplomacy and Journalism. 1. Xlibris Corporation. Page ?

## Related pages 
*List of scientists from Asia

## References
Euler's theorem

'''Euler's theorem''' might refer to:
* Euler's homogeneous function theorem
* Euler's totient theorem
** Euler's totient function
Mil Mi-38

The **Mil Mi-38** is a civil and military helicopter. It was designed by the USSR and built in Russia. The Mil Mi-38 is both used for civil and military purposes. The Mil Mi-38 was meant to replace the Mi-8. It flew for the first time on 22 December 2003 and was certified on 30 December 2015.

## References
Janet Gibson

**Janet Gibson** is a biologist and zoologist from Belize.

Gibson was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1990. The prize is for a person who organizes an environmental effort in their region. Gibson won the prize because of her efforts on conservation of the marine ecosystems along the Belizean coast. Between 1985 and 1987, she worked to establish the Hol Chan Marine Reserve. Her efforts were successful and the official sanctuary was established in 1987. It was the first marine reserve in Central America.

## Related pages
* List of scientists from North America

## References
Euler's homogeneous function theorem

'''Euler's theorem** is one of the theorems Leonhard Euler stated: There are certain conditions where a firm will neither make a profit, nor operate at a loss. The theorem is also known as **Euler's homogeneous function theorem''', and is often used in economics.

## References
David B. Wingate

**David Balcombe Wingate OBE** (born October 11, 1935, in Bermuda) is an ornithologist, naturalist and conservationist.

In 1951 he and Robert Cushman Murphy and Louis S. Mowbray found the Bermuda petrel, also called a cahow. The bird species was thought to be extinct since the 1620s. The discovery inspired him to study Zoology at Cornell University. When he returned to Bermuda 1958, he began work to save the cahow. He went on to become the Conservation Officer for the Bermuda Government Parks Department from 1966 to his retirement in 2000.

He was credited with rediscovering the black-capped petrel in Haiti in 1963.

## Related pages 
* List of scientists from North America

## References
Andrea Gill

**Andrea Gill** is a politician and biologist from Belize. 

Gill was President of the Senate of Belize from 2008-2012. Between 2008 and 2009, she served as president of the Forum of Presiding Officers of National Parliaments of Central America and the Caribbean (FOPREL).

Between 1997 and 2001, Gill was part of a manatee research project.

## Related pages
* List of scientists from North America

## References
Human geography

cases occurred in the London epidemic of 1854 - This is a classical case of human geography]]

**Human geography** is a branch of geography. It studies how people and environment have an effect on each other.  

The study of people includes their communities, cultures, economies. The environment studied is mostly about locations. Locations include where people live, when people move, where they move to, what customs they have, what recreations they have.

Human societies develop in relation to the environment they are in. The relationship between people and the environment can change over time and across different locations. Human geography studies these changes.

The field of geography can be divided into physical geography and human geography. Human geography is also closely associated with social sciences and philosophy.

## References
Louis L. Mowbray

**Louis Leon Arthur Mowbray** (born 19 August 1877 on St. George's, Bermuda; died 5 June 1952) was a naturalist. He was the founding curator of the Bermuda Aquarium.

In around 1907 the Bermuda Natural History Society asked Mowbray to create Bermuda’s first aquarium and a marine research centre. He became known to American scientists and eventually moved to Boston, creating an aquarium there. In 1914, he became superintendent of the New York Aquarium. He also worked to build a new aquarium in Miami.

In 1926 Mowbray returned to Bermuda and built the Bermuda Aquarium. Dr. Charles Townsend, an American zoologist, organized several overseas trips for Mowbray to collect new fish specimens. The trips were paid for by Vincent Astor. He and Astor traveled to the Galapagos Islands in 1933. They brought back tortoises and penguins, expanding the aquarium to a zoo. Mowbray then became the first person to successfully breed both the Galapagos tortoises and penguins in captivity.

## Related pages
*List of scientists from North America

## References