open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Market basket

In economics a **customer basket,** **market basket **or** commodity basket** is a set of different amounts of different goods and possible services. The commodity basket will contain goods and services a typical consumer will likely need. Commodity baskets can be used for two things: First, the price level of two economies can be compared. Secondly,  using the same basket, it is possible to show how prices change over time.  The amount of money needed to buy everything in the basket, over time, is called consumer price index.   

## Commonly in the basket 
The basket will contain different goods and services, such as:
* **Food and drink**: milk, bread, coffee, meat, beer, wine, etc.
* **Housing**: monthly rent, fuel oil (used for heating), furniture
* **Clothing**: shirts, pants, socks, jewelry, etc.
* **Transportation**: Cost of season ticket of public transport, cost of car, cost of fuel for the car
* **Medical care**: Cost of prescription drugs, perhaps cost of medical insurance if it exists.
Frankie Bridge

**Francesca "Frankie" Bridge** (née **Sandford**; born 14 January 1989) is an English singer-songwriter. She was born in Upminster, London. She was a member of S Club 8 (2001-2005). Since 2007, she is a member of girl group The Saturdays, signed to the Fascination and Polydor labels. 

The group has released sixteen singles so far, of which thirteen have reached the Top 10 on the UK Singles Chart. There was one UK number-one single, "What About Us". In addition, the group has had five Top 10 albums on the UK Albums Chart, which were all certified by the British Phonographic Industry. 

Bridge has had nineteen UK Top 10 Singles and six UK Top 10 Albums. She was a contestant in the 2014 series of Strictly Come Dancing.

Sandford had a relationship with Dougie Poynter from 2008-2010. She began a relationship with Wayne Bridge in 2010. The couple's son was born in 2013. The couple married in 2014.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Net neutrality

**Net neutrality** (also **network neutrality**, **Internet neutrality**, or **net equality**) is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data on the Internet equally. There should be no discriminating or charging differently by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication. The term was coined by Columbia University media law professor Tim Wu in 2003. It was an extension of the longstanding concept of a common carrier.

Examples of net neutrality violations include when the Internet service provider Comcast intentionally slowed peer-to-peer communications. In 2007, one other company was using deep packet inspection to discriminate against peer-to-peer, file transfer protocol, and online games. They started using a cell-phone-style billing system.

## References
Jack Darragh

**John Proctor "Jack" Darragh** (December 4, 1890 – June 25, 1924) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played parts of 13 years of professional ice hockey, all with the Ottawa Senators.

## Career
On December 27, 1910, Darragh signed a contract with the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey Association (NHA). Darragh played with them until the NHA folded. After the Senators joined the National Hockey League (NHL), they decided to keep him on the team.

## References
## Other websites 
*
*
Cheshire cat

from ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland*]]
The **Cheshire cat** is a character from *Alice's Adventures in Wonderland*, a famous novel written by Lewis Carroll in 1865. The cat is known for its unique grin and its ability to disappear gradually (leaving behind only that grin). 

The Cheshire cat appears in the 2010 film *Alice in Wonderland'', directed by Tim Burton.

## References
Tiffany lamp

A **Tiffany lamp** is a type of lamp with a glass shade. They are made with glass designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany and his design studio, Tiffany & Co.. The most famous was the stained leaded glass lamp. Tiffany lamps are considered part of the Art Nouveau movement.

Due to Tiffany's dominant influence on the style, the term 'Tiffany lamp' or 'Tiffany style lamp' often refers to stained leaded glass lamps. Even those not made by Louis Comfort Tiffany's company.
## Gallery 

File:Wiki-Tiffany-daffodil-low-.jpg|A Louis Comfort Tiffany & Co. Daffodil leaded glass table lamp (shade shown), designed by Tiffany's head designer, Clara Driscoll.
File:Tiffany dragonfly lamp with pigeon sculptures.jpg|Typical Tiffany copper-foil lamp with dragonfly design, with two pigeon sculptures
File:Carnegie Museum of Art - Tiffany's lamp.JPG|able lamp, c. 1899-1902, Tiffany Studios, Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company

## References
Lluís-Anton Baulenas i Setó

**Lluís-Anton Baulenas** (born in Barcelona, 1958) is a Catalan novelist, translator and playwright.

## Works
* *Rampoines 451* (*Good-for-Nothing 451*, 1990)
**Noms à la sorra* (*Names in the Sand*, 1995), a finalist for the Sant Jordi Prize
* *Alfons XIV* (1997), a finalist for the Sant Jordi Prize
* *El fil de plata* (*The Silver Thread*, 1998), which received the Serra d'Or Critics’ Prize
* *La felicitat* (*Happiness*, 2001), which received the Prudenci Bertrana Prize

## Awards
* 1989 Premi Documenta de narrativa for *Càlida nit*
* 1998 Premi Carlemany de novel·la for *El fil de plata*
* 1999 Premi Crítica Serra d'Or de novel·la for *El fil de plata*
* 2000 Premi Prudenci Bertrana de novel·la for *La felicitat*
* 2005 Premi Ramon Llull de novel·la for ''Per un sac d'ossos*
* 2008 Premi Sant Jordi de novel·la for *El nas de Mussolini''

## Sources
*Escriptors.cat
*Webpage devoted to Lluís-Anton Baulenas at LletrA (UOC), Catalan Literature Online)  (English)
*Toronto Star
The Amazing Criswell

**Jeron Criswell King** (August 18, 1907&nbsp;&ndash; October 4, 1982), born **Jeron Criswell Konig**, and known by his stage-name **The Amazing Criswell** , was an American psychic known for making wrong predictions. In person, he went by **Charles Criswell King**, and was sometimes credited as **Jeron King Criswell**. He was born in Princeton, Indiana.

Criswell was a friend of director Ed Wood and narrated in his famous movie *Plan 9 from Outer Space*.

Criswell died of cardiac arrest in Burbank, California, aged 75.

## Other websites
*
*
*"Criswell Predicts" &nbsp;&mdash; *The Onion* A.V. Club, August 11, 1999
*Photos of Criswell's grave at Findagrave
*"The Amazing Criswell" Tribute page
Mind of Mencia

***Mind of Mencia*** is an American television series, created by Carlos Mencia. It aired from July 6, 2005 to July 23, 2008.

## Cast
* Carlos Mencia
* Joseph Mencia
* Brad Williams
* Ray Payton

## Guest appearances
* James Adomian
* Dave Attell
* Robin Bain
* Josh Blue
* Peter Boyle
* Sufe Bradshaw
* Frank Caliendo
* Edge
* Pablo Francisco
* Joey Greco

* Chris Hansen
* Estelle Harris
* Tony Hawk
* Gabriel Iglesias
* Courtney Jackson
* Ken Jeong
* Jamie Kennedy
* Angela Kinsey
* Phil LaMarr
* Bobby Lee

* Mario Lopez
* Method Man
* Cheech Marin
* Tracy Morgan
* Abigail Mason
* Amaury Nolasco
* Lupe Ontiveros
* P.O.D.
* Smush Parker
* Jeff Richards

* Gene Simmons
* Aries Spears
* Three 6 Mafia
* Daniel Tosh
* Tom Virtue
* Billy Dee Williams
* Robin Williams
* Debra Wilson
* John Witherspoon

### Home media
Each DVD set includes uncensored versions of each season's episodes with bonus features, including commentary, a behind the scenes featurette, and deleted scenes.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* *Comedy Central Corners The Laughs Business* by Joe Flint, Wall Street Journal, May 8, 2006. p.B1
List of Duck Dynasty episodes

The following is a list of episodes of the A&E reality television series ***Duck Dynasty***.  The series is set in West Monroe, Louisiana and stars Willie Robertson, CEO of Duck Commander, a duck call company, and his family and co-workers.

*Duck Dynasty* premiered on March 21, 2012. Its first season, which wrapped on May 23, 2012, has a total of 15 episodes. The second season premiered on October 10, 2012, and ended on December 5, 2012 with a total of 13 episodes. The third season premiered on February 27, 2013 and ended on April 24, 2013, also with 13 episodes. The fourth season started August 14, 2013, and concluded on October 23, 2013, with a total of 11 episodes including a Christmas special that aired on December 11, 2013. 

As of , 90 episodes of *Duck Dynasty* have aired over eight seasons.

## Series overview
## Episodes
### Season 1 (2012)
### Season 2 (2012)
### Season 3 (2013)
### Season 4 (2013)
### Season 5 (2014)
### Season 6 (2014)
### Season 7 (2014–15)
## References
Ronnie Carroll

]]**Ronnie Carroll** (born **Ronald Cleghorn**, 18 August 1934 – 13 April 2015) was a Northern Irish singer and entertainer. Carroll was born in Roslyn Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland. He stood in the Haltemprice and Howden by-election, 2008 as a candidate for Make Politicians History and received 29 votes despite announcing that he was trying to enter the record books by receiving no votes.

He lived in Hampstead, London. Carroll died aged 80 on 13 April 2015 from a short-illness.

## References
## Other websites
Patrice Dominguez

**Patrice Dominguez** (12 January 1950 – 12 April 2015) was a French tennis player. He was born in Algiers, Algeria. He represented France in the Davis Cup between 1971 and 1979. He then became a trainer for several players such as Henri Leconte and Fabrice Santoro. He also worked as an analyst for different French media. Between 2005 and 2011 he was the national technical director of the French Tennis Federation.

Dominguez died on 12 April 2015 from lung disease at the age of 65.

## References
The Tin Drum

***The Tin Drum*** () is a 1959 novel by Günter Grass. The novel is the first book of Grass's '''' (Danzig Trilogy). It was made into a movie in 1979.
Mario Adorf

**Mario Adorf** (born 8 September 1930) is a Swiss-born German actor with around 200 appearances in movies as well as on TV and radio. He has written several autobiographies about his career. Adorf was born in Zürich, Switzerland.

## Other websites
* Official website
* 
* Photographs and literature
Paul Muller (actor)

**Paul Konrad Muller** (born 11 March 1923 in Neuchâtel, died 2 September 2016 in Tivoli, Lazio) was a Swiss character actor. He was known for his roles in *Journey to Italy* (1954), *Nightmare Castle* (1965) and *Vampyros Lesbos* (1971).

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Short movie

A **short movie**, **short film**, or **short** is any movie not long enough to be considered a feature film (movie). The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as "an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits". However, the term is used by many as a catchall for anything less than 90 minutes in length. A feature film or movie usually runs from 90 to 120 minutes but can be as long as 180 minutes. There are other standards for short films. The Oberhausen short film festival defines a short as 35 minutes. The BBC Short Film Festival, the Academy Awards, and Clermont-Ferrand use 40 minutes. The San Francisco, Uppsala, and Kraków are among those using a limit of 60 minutes. Another term used for short films is avant-garde or "avant-garde short films". The term featurette originally was used for a movie or film longer than a short subject, but shorter than a standard feature film.

## Genre
Short films are usually made by independent filmmakers and are not for profit. They are made with a low budget or no budget at all. Shorts are usually funded by film s, non profit organizations, Sponsors, or personal s. Short films are generally used by filmmakers to gain experience. They are also used to prove their talent in order to gain funding for future films. They want to attract private investors, entertainment companies, or film studios. Most film festivals show feature films or movies but also show short films. Some short films are shown along with a feature film.

## References
## Other websites
* Festival 2015 : Cannes Court Métrage (short films)
* How to Make a Short Film, wikiHow
A Killer Among Friends

***A Killer Among Friends*** is a 1992 made-for-television movie. It aired on CBS on December 8, 1992. Based on a true story, the movie stars Patty Duke as a mother  for her murdered daughter (Tiffani Thiessen). She sets out to find the . The movie is based on the real life murder of Michele "Missy" Avila.

## Cast
*Patty Duke Jean Monroe
*Tiffani Thiessen as Jennifer Anne "Jenny" Monroe
*Margaret Welsh as Ellen Holloway
*Angie Rae McKinney as Carla Lewis
*David Cubitt as Greg Monroe
*Janne Mortil as Kathy Pearl
*Loretta Swit as Detective Patricia Staley
*Debra Sharkey as Sheryl Monroe
*Chad Todhunter as Adam Monroe
*Ben Bass as Steve
*William S. Taylor as Detective Mike Collins
*Babs Chula as Diane
*Matthew Bennett as Dan
*Heather and Shannon Beaty as Celeste
*Barry Pepper as Mickey Turner
*Lisa Vultaggio as Susan

## References 
## Other websites 
* A Killer Among Friends, IMDb
Trevi fountain

The **Trevi fountain** is a fountain in Rome. It lies in the Trevi district, from which it gets its name. The current fountain was built from 1732 to 1736 in Baroque style. At about  high and about  wide the Trevi fountain is Rome's largest fountain. It is also one of the best-known ones.

## History
In the year 19 BC, Marcus Agrippa commissioned an aqueduct to provide water for the baths he had built in the city. This aqueduct is about  long, and has been in use since then. From the 12th century, the aqueduct provided water to three fountains in the current Via del Corso in Rome. Pope Nicholas V ordered the restoration of the aqueduct, in the 15th cenrury. The new aqueduct ended in a different place. Leon Battista Alberti constructed a simple fountain, which provided water from three openings. The wall of this fountain also bore the signs of the pope. Pope Pius IV also had the aqueduct restored, about a century later, from 1561 to 1570. Pope Urban VIII ordered a new fountain to be built; for lack of money, all that was done is that the place before the fountain was enlarged.
Mount Hope (Antarctica)

**Mount Hope** is a mountain in Antarctica. Ernest Shackleton named it in 1908, when he was on an expedition to reach the geographic south pole. The expedition was named Nimrod Expedition. Mount Hope has a height of 835m. Shackleton climbed the mountain to get a better view of the sourrounding area. On the top of the mountain, Shackleton had a better view of the Beardmore Glacier. Shackleton and his team reached the polar plateau, but did not reach the geographic south pole. 

Three years later, Robert Falcon Scott started an expedition which used the route Shackleton had taken. They reached the south pole, but fronze to death on their way back.
Eduardo Galeano

**Eduardo Hughes Galeano** (3 September 1940 – 13 April 2015) was a Uruguayan journalist, writer and novelist. His best-known works are *Las venas abiertas de América Latina* (Open Veins of Latin America, 1971) and *Memoria del fuego* (Memory of Fire Trilogy, 19826).

Galeano died in Montevideo, Uruguay from lung cancer, aged 74."

## References
## Other websites
*Interview with Eduardo Galeano 
*Sandra Cisneros reads "Los Nadies/The Nobodies" by Eduardo Galeano from *Book of Embraces*, *El libro de los abrazos* (1989)  "http://pen.org/audio_archive/soe_2005/soe_cisneros.mp3 ".
*"'Voices of Time': Legendary Uruguayan Writer Eduardo Galeano on Immigration, Latin America, Iraq, Writing – and Soccer ,"  *Democracy Now!* 19 May 2006
*"Reflections from Eduardo Galeano ," *The Leonard Lopate Show*, 19 May 2006.
*"Writer Without Borders "—interview by Scott Widmer on *In These Times*
*"Author of the Month ," *Escritores.org*
*The Guardian: Chávez creates overnight bestseller with book gift to Obama
*Eduardo Galeano Interviewed by Jonah Raskin  by *Monthly Review*, October 2009
*Uruguayan Author Eduardo Galeano Returns with *Mirrors: Stories of Almost Everyone* – video report by *Democracy Now!*
*Haiti Occupied Country
Tom Towles

**Tom Towles** (March 20, 1950 – April 2, 2015) was an American actor. He was known for his roles *Night of the Living Dead*, *Fortress*, *Mad Dog and Glory*, *Blood in Blood Out*, *House of 1000 Corpses*, and its sequel, ''The Devil's Rejects''.

## Career
In 1971, Towles started his acting journey in Chicago with the Organic Theater Company. He had his first film role as a police officer in Dog Day Afternoon (1975). Later, Towles went back to Chicago and continued performing with the Organic Theater Company and at the Goodman Theatre. After a ten-year break, he returned to the big screen in Pink Nights (1985). Towles gained recognition for his role as Otis in Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, a character inspired by the real serial killer Ottis Toole. He also made appearances on television in shows like Seinfeld, NYPD Blue, L.A. Law, ER, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager, and Firefly. Towles frequently collaborated with filmmaker Rob Zombie in several films, including House of 1000 Corpses (2003), The Devil's Rejects (2005), Halloween (2007), and Grindhouse (2007).

## References
## Other websites
*
Grant Holt

**Grant Holt** (born 12 April 1981) is an English former professional footballer who is currently a scout at West Ham United.

## Career statistics
## Wrestling career
In May 2018, Holt signed a professional wrestling contract with WAW. He won his first fight when he was the last man standing in a 40-man Royal Rumble earning him the Crusher Mason Memorial Trophy. In total he wrestled three matches, the last in June 2019, and won all three of them.

## Personal life
Holt was born in Carlisle, Cumbria. He is married and has three daughters.

## Honours
**Barrow**
* Northern Premier League President's Cup: 2001–02

**Norwich City**
* Football League One: 2009–10

**Individual**
* Nottingham Forest Player of the Season: 2006–07
* Football League Two Player of the Month: November 2008
* Football League Two Player of the Year: 2008–09
* PFA Team of the Year: 2008–09 League Two, 2009–10 League One, 2010–11 Championship
* Shrewsbury Town Player of the Year: 2008–09
* Norwich City Player of the Season: 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12

## References
Mortimer Caplin

**Mortimer Maxwell Caplin** (July 11, 1916 &ndash; July 15, 2019) was an American lawyer and educator. He was the founding member of Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered. Caplin served on John F. Kennedy's Task Force on Taxation and in January 1961. He appointed U.S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

Caplin was born in New York City, New York. He turned 100 in July 2016. Caplin died on July 15, 2019 in Chevy Chase, Maryland at the age of 103.

## References
## Other websites
*D.C. Bar Legends in the Law 
*Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered 
*UVA's Mortimer Caplin Public Service Center 
*Images of Mortimer Caplin (Source: Life) http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?q=mortimer+caplin&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmortimer%2Bcaplin%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DZmn%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&imgurl=f1c7cb1620aec920 
* Lewis Gilbert, Still Timely http://corpgov.net/wordpress/?p=1621
* Multiplex: Ruth Caplin Theatre Curtains Go Up 
* UVA's Innovative Ruth Caplin Theatre Opens Its Doors Tonight 
* U.Va. Drama Department Ends Season, Begins Era at State-of-the-Art Ruth Caplin Theatre 
* Chevy Chase Couple Has Dedication to Dance, Arts
Ameril Umbra Kato

**Al-Ustaj Umbra Amiril Kato** (18 May 1946 – 14 April 2015) was a Filipino terrorist. He was the founder of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) a group which seceded from Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). 

He joined the MILF after 1985, after he graduated from Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Umbra Kato was the Philippine's most wanted man though due to his still official membership in the MILF.

Kato died of a heart attack at the age of 68.

## References
Herb Trimpe

**Herbert W. "Herb" Trimpe** (May 26, 1939 – April 13, 2015) was an American comic book artist and occasional writer. He was best known as the seminal 1970s artist on *The Incredible Hulk* and as the first artist to draw for publication the character Wolverine, who later became a breakout star of the X-Men.

He was born in Peekskill, New York.

Trimpe died suddenly in Hurley, New York on April 13, 2015 at the age of 75.

## References
John Romita, Sr.

**John Victor Romita Sr.** (January 24, 1930 &ndash; June 12, 2023) was an American comic-book artist. He was best known for his work on Marvel Comics' *The Amazing Spider-Man* and for co-creating Wolverine. He was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2002. He was born in New York City.

Romita died in his sleep on June 12, 2023, at the age of 93.

## References
Michèle Morgan

**Michèle Morgan** (; 29 February 1920 &ndash; 20 December 2016) was a French movie actress.

Morgan was born **Simone Renée Roussel** in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, a wealthy western suburb of Paris.

Morgan was known for her roles in *Port of Shadows*, *Passage to Marseille* (alongside Humphrey Bogart), *Stormy Waters*, *Fabiola*, *The Proud and the Beautiful*, and in *The Grand Maneuver*.

Morgan died on 20 December 2016 at her home in Paris, aged 96.

## Trivia 
The former President of Chile Michelle Bachelet was named after Michèle Morgan.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* Michèle Morgan  at filmsdefrance.com
* Photographs of Michèle Morgan
Celadon

**Celadon** is a term for ceramics meaning both a type of glaze and color. Celadon originated in China. Kilns such as the Longquan kiln in Zhejiang province are known for their celadon works. Celadon production later spread to other regions in Asia, such as Japan and Korea and Thailand.

## References
Micheline Presle

**Micheline Presle** (22 August 1922 – 21 February 2024) was a French actress. She is known for her roles in *Devil in the Flesh*, *Paris Frills*, *The Legend of Frenchie King*, *Donkey Sin*, and *Adventures of Captain Fabian*.

## Other websites
*
*Micheline Presle at Allocine (French language)
Homaro Cantu

**Homaro Cantu** (September 23, 1976 – April 14, 2015) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, chef and  molecular gastronomer. He owned and operated the Cantu Designs Firm and Moto Restaurant in Chicago, Illinois.

On April 14, 2015, Cantu's body was found hanging inside a building he purchased in hopes of renovating it into a brewery on the Northwest Side of Chicago. Cantu was 38. After an autopsy on April 15, the Cook County medical examiner’s office officially declared Cantu's death a suicide.

## References
## Other websites
* "Future Food Television Series"
* Cantu Designs 
* Fast Company Article: "Homaro Cantu's Weird Science" (May 2006)
* Moto Restaurant 
* FLYP Media multimedia article: "A Menu with Meaning"
Norman H. Bangerter

**Norman "Norm" Howard Bangerter** (January 4, 1933 – April 14, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 13th Governor of Utah from 1985 to 1993. He was the first Republican elected to the position since 1965.

On April 14 2015, Bangerter suffered a stroke and later died at the age of 82 in Murray, Utah.

## References
Deep Throat

**Deep Throat** or **Deep-throat** may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
* *Deep Throat* (movie), 1972 pornographic movie
* Deep Throat (*The X-Files*), a character in *The X-Files*
** "Deep Throat" (*The X-Files* episode)
* *Deep Throat* (album), 2002 album by Henry Rollins
* *The Deep Throat Sex Scandal*, 2010 American play
* "Deep Throats", 2006 episode of *Family Guy*
* Gray Fox (*Metal Gear*) or Deepthroat, a character in *Metal Gear Solid*

## Other uses
* Deep Throat (Watergate), the anonymous source (later revealed to be Mark Felt) in *The Washington Post* investigation of U.S. President Nixon's 1972 Watergate scandal
* Deep-throating, a type of fellatio
* GBU-28, a bunker buster bomb nicknamed "Deep Throat" 
* Deep Throat or Win32.DeepThroat, a Trojan horse
Andover, Kansas

**Andover, Kansas** is a city in southeast Kansas. It is near Wichita. At the 2020 census, 14,892 people lived there. On April 26, 1991, Andover was severely damaged by an F5 tornado.

## References
Robert O. Peterson

**Robert Oscar Peterson** (1916–1994) was an American businessman and philanthropist. As the er of the Jack in the Box restaurant chain, he popularized the drive-through fast food restaurant concept. He is credited with being the first to pair the drive-through window with an intercom system for greater efficiency.  On April 18, 1994, Peterson died in San Diego, California of leukemia at age 78.

## References
When a Man Loves a Woman

**"When a Man Loves a Woman"** is a 1966 R&B song by Percy Sledge. The song hit #1 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 chart. It also was #1 on the R&B singles chart. The song was later performed by Michael Bolton in 1991. His  won a Grammy Award. Barbara Mandrell recorded a country music version of this song, also in 1991.

## References
ILOVEYOU

**ILOVEYOU** was a computer worm that first appeared on May 5, 2000. The worm was sent by email using the subject "ILOVEYOU", with the worm attached. The worm would look like a text file, until it was opened. The file would be called *LOVE-LETTER-FOR-YOU.txt.vbs*. Because of Microsoft Windows'  options, the user would not see the ".vbs" extension, and mistake it for a harmless text file which cannot execute code.

Many of the files on the computer would be replaced by the worm. Depending on what version was run, the payload would be different, because the worm could be changed so easily. The worm was written in Visual Basic Script, and used Microsoft Outlook to spread. It infected over 45 million computers and caused $10 billion in damages

## References
Bella Moretti

**Bella Moretti** (born March 12, 1989 in Las Vegas, Nevada) is the stage name of an Afro-American model and pornographic actress. She started making pornographic movies in 2008. Has also used the aliases Bella Morecti, Bella Marette and Bella Moriett.

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
*
* Bella Moretti at the Internet Adult Film Database
* Bella Moretti at the Adult Film Database
Misty Stone

**Michelle Lynn Hall** (born March 26, 1986 in Inglewood, California), better known by her stage name **Misty Stone**, is an Afro-American pornographic actress and fetish model. She started making pornographic movies in 2006. Has also used the aliases Jenny Stone, Misti Stone and Misty.

## Awards and nominations
## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* Misty Stone at the Adult Film Database
Klaus Bednarz

**Klaus Bednarz** (6 June 1942 &ndash; 14 April 2015) was a German journalist and writer. He had been working in television since 1967. From 1971 until 1977, he was a foreign correspondent in Poland and then to the Soviet Union until 1982. He was also a presenter on the programme *Monitor*. He wrote many books in Polish and Russian. He also won many journalism awards.

Bednarz was born in Falkensee, Brandenburg. He studied at universities in Hamburg, Vienna and Moscow.

Bednarz died on 14 April 2015 in Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
*
Meir Rosenne

**Meir Rosenne** (&lrm;; February 19, 1931 &ndash; April 14, 2015) was an Israeli lawyer and diplomat. Rosenne was born in Iași, Romania.

## Career
From 1971 to 1979, he served as legal adviser to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1979 until 1983, he served as the Israeli Ambassador to France. From 1983 until 1987 he served as the Israeli Ambassador to the United States. In 1987, Rosenne retired from the diplomatic service. From 1989 until 1994, he served as President of the Israel Bonds Organization.

## Death
Rosenne died on April 14, 2015 in Jerusalem, aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
* A brief biography
* An article by Meir Rosenne regarding UN Security Council resolution 242
Tony Anselmo

**Tony Anselmo** (born February 18, 1960) is an American voice actor and animator. He has been the voice of Donald Duck since 1985. He took over the role after Clarence Nash's death in 1985. Anselmo spent three years as his understudy. Anselmo has also shared voice-over duties (with Russi Taylor) for Huey, Dewey and Louie since 1999. He has voiced the nephews on Mickey Mouse Works and House of Mouse. He also lent his voice to minor characters in The Great Mouse Detective, Mickey's Around the World in 80 Days and Phineas and Ferb.

Anselmo has also worked as a voice actor for the Kingdom Hearts series. This featured Donald Duck as one of three main characters. He also provided the voice of Donald in the video game Kinect Disneyland Adventures in 2011. Anselmo attended the Character Animation program at the California Institute of the Arts. As an animator, Anselmo has worked on such Disney theatrical films as The Black Cauldron, The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, The Lion King, Tarzan and The Emperor's New Groove. In September 2009, Tony Anselmo was named a Disney Legend.

## Filmography
### Film
### Television
### Video games
### Animator
## References
Ruth Dayan

**Ruth Dayan** (born **Ruth Schwartz**, March 6, 1917 – February 5, 2021) was an Israeli activist. She was the widow of late Israeli general and politician Moshe Dayan. She founded the Maskit fashion house and was active in many social causes.

Ruth Dayan was born in Haifa, Israel. She wrote her memoirs.

She turned 100 in March 2017 and died in February 2021, one month before her 104th birthday. Dayan died at her home in Tel Aviv.

## References
Gloria Henry

**Gloria Henry** (born **Gloria McEniry**; April 2, 1923 &ndash; April 3, 2021) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as "Alice Mitchell", Dennis's mother, from 1959 to 1963 on the CBS family sitcom, *Dennis the Menace*.

Henry died on April 3, 2021 at her home in Los Angeles, just one day after her 98th birthday.

## References
## Other websites
*
Thelma Coyne Long

**Thelma Dorothy Coyne Long** (14 October 1918 &ndash; 13 April 2015) was an Australian tennis player. She was one of the female players who dominated Australian tennis from the mid-1930s to the 1950s. During her career, she won 19 Grand Slam tournament titles. In 2013, she was added into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

Coyne Long was born in Sydney, New South Wales. For a short time in the early 1940s during World War II, she was married to Maurice Newton Long.

Coyne Long died on 13 April 2015 in the Sydney suburb of Narrabeen, aged 96.

## References
1944 Great Atlantic hurricane

The **1944 Great Atlantic hurricane** was a severe tropical cyclone. The entire U.S. Atlantic seaboard was affected in September 1944. The hurricane struck several states from North Carolina to New York and central New England. The storm killed 300-400 people. It caused $100 million in damage.

## Warnings 
During World War II, the US kept radio silence about military information including weather. The government was aware that German U-boats patrolled the coastal waters. Hurricane-warning flags were posted at coast guard stations and post offices. But weather forecasters wanted the public to know this was a  storm. The Hurricane Warning Centers in Miami, San Juan, Washington DC and Boston issued a total of 51 warnings. In New York city alone there were thousands of phone calls made and received between September 12 and 15.

## Path 
On September 9, 1944, it was first discovered just northeast of Puerto Rico. For the next few days it moved steadily in a west-northwest direction. On September 12, 1944, reconnaissance aircraft reported the storm was growing stronger. Five ships were sunk. The destroyer USS *Warrington* capsized with a loss of 248 men. The Coast Guard Lightvessel *Vineyard Sound* was sunk. The entire crew was lost.

### New Jersey 
New Jersey was one of the hardest hit states. Nine were killed and 390 were injured. More than 400 homes were completely destroyed with about 3,000 damaged. Atlantic City got the worst part of the storm. Heavy flooding and high winds caused a great deal of damage. Reports said there were tidal waves 50 to 60 feet high.

## Notes 
## References
## Other websites 
* Storm Stories: 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, YouTube
* GREAT ATLANTIC HURRICANE 1944, trees at Rockefeller center
Zalman Shoval

**Zalman Shoval** (, born 28 April 1930) is an Israeli politician and diplomat. He is also active in Israel's economic life.

Shovel was the Israeli ambassador to the United States in the years 1990–1993 and 1998–2000. He was also an active member of the Knesset in the Rafi party of Ben Gurion, the State List, and the Likud political party.

Shoval was born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland).

## References
Hans-Georg Gadamer

**Hans-Georg Gadamer** (; February 11, 1900&nbsp;– March 13, 2002) was a German philosopher. His philosophy was about the continental tradition. He was best known for his 1960 magnum opus *Truth and Method* (*Wahrheit und Methode*) on hermeneutics.

## References
## Other websites
*Hans-Georg Gadamer at Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
*Chronology (in German) 
*Works by Gadamer 
*Hans-Georg Gadamer: Plato as portratist 
*Miguel Ángel Quintana Paz: ["On Hermeneutical Ethics and Education"](http://www.uned.es/dpto_fil/revista/polemos/articulos/MA_Quintana_On%20Hermeneutical%20Ethics%20&%20Education%20(Internet)2.doc) , a paper on the relevance of Gadamer's Hermeneutics for our understanding of music, ethics and education in both.
* Larisa Cercel, Auf den Spuren einer verschütteten Evidenz: Übersetzung und Hermeneutik , in: Larisa Cercel (ed.), *Übersetzung und Hermeneutik / Traduction et herméneutique* , Bucharest, Zeta Books, 2009,  (paperback), 978-973-1997-07-0 (ebook).
Luis Delgado Aparicio

**Luis Humberto Delgado Aparicio Porta** (28 September 1940 &ndash; 2 April 2015) was a Peruvian politician. He served in the Congress of the Peruvian Government from 1995 to 2001. Before serving as a congressman, Aparicio was a delegate from 1990 through 1992. He was born in Callao, Peru.

Aparicio died in Lima, Peru from pancreatic cancer, aged 74.

## References
Leilani Leeane

**Leilani Leeane** (born October 1, 1992) is the stage name of an African-American, Filipino and Puerto Rican model and pornographic actress.

## Awards and nominations
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* Leilani Leeanne at the Internet Adult Film Database
* Leilani Leeanne at the Adult Film Database
* Leilani Leeane on Model Mayhem
Aaron Hernandez

**Aaron Josef Hernandez** (November 6, 1989 – April 19, 2017), was an American football tight end and convicted murderer. He was born in Bristol, Connecticut. He was drafted by New England Patriots in 2010. 

In 2013, Hernandez was indicted for first-degree murder. He was found guilty of murder in April 2015. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole.

He committed suicide by hanging on April 19, 2017 in his prison cell. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Hernandez had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## References
## Other websites
*
Solidarity (Polish trade union)

**Solidarity**  is a Polish trade union that began on 17 September 1980. It started at the Gdańsk Shipyard. Its first leader was Lech Wałęsa. It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by the Communist Party. It had 10 million members. This was one third of the number of people who worked in Poland. Solidarity helped Poland have fairer elections. These elections were important as the country became less communist.

## References
Valery Belousov

**Valery Konstantinovich Belousov** (; 17 December 1948 &ndash; 16 April 2015) was a Russian professional ice hockey coach and player. He played for four teams between 1964 and 1987. At the time of his death, he was the head coach of the KHL's Traktor Chelyabinsk.

Belousov was born in Novouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast. He died on 16 April 2015, aged 66.

## References
Attaphol Buspakom

**Attaphol Buspakom** (; 1 October 1962 &ndash; 16 April 2015), nicknamed "**Tak**" (), was a Thai national and football coach. He played for three teams between 1985 and 1998, and managed eight teams between 2002 and 2015.

Buspakom was born in Sattahip, Chonburi Province. He died from a blood infection on 16 April 2015 in Bangkok, aged 52.

## References
Stanislav Gross

**Stanislav Gross** (30 October 1969 &ndash; 16 April 2015) was a Czech lawyer and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 4 August 2004 to 25 April 2005. He was a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), which he led from 26 June 2004 to 26 April 2005.

Gross was born in Prague. He was married to Šárka Grossová and had two daughters. He was a Christian.

Gross died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on 16 April 2015 in Prague at the age of 45.

## References
Hardijs Baumanis

**Hardijs Baumanis** (10 December 1967 &ndash; 6 April 2015) was a Latvian diplomat. He served as Ambassador of Latvia to Lithuania and Azerbaijan from 2010 until his death.

Baumanis was born in Riga. He died on 6 April 2015 in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, aged 47.

## References
Hermann Schweppenhäuser

**Hermann Schweppenhäuser** (12 March 1928 &ndash; 8 April 2015) was a German philosopher and publisher. He was a professor of philosophy at the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Uinversity in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and the University of Lüneburg, Germany. He was the author of books on Heidegger, Kierkegaard and Hegel and numerous esaays and articles on philosphical and aesthetical topics. Together with Rolf Tiedemann, he was the editor of the collected works of Walter Benjamin. He was born in Frankfurt am Main an died in Veitshöchheim, Germany at the age of 87.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography
Oles Buzina

**Oles Buzina** (; 13 July 1969 &ndash; 16 April 2015) was a Ukrainian journalist, writer, and politician for the pro-Russia Russian Bloc party. He was a journalist for the Russian language tabloid newspaper *Segodnya*.

Buzina was born in Kyiv. In 1992, he graduated from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He was married and had a daughter.

Buzina was shot and killed by masked men on 16 April 2015 in Kyiv, aged 45.

## References
Lee Remmel

**Leland** "**Lee**" **Remmel** (June 30, 1924 &ndash; April 16, 2015) was an American football personality. He was known for working 62 years with the Green Bay Packers as a sportswriter and later a team employee (public relations, historian, spokesperson, and writer).

Remmel was born in Shawano, Wisconsin. He was married to Margaret "Noreen" Remmel from 1948 until her death on April 27, 2012.

Remmel died on April 16, 2015 in Green Bay, Wisconsin, aged 90.

## References
Alexander Nadson

**Alexander Nadson** (; 8 August 1926 &ndash; 15 April 2015) was a Belarusian émigré social and religious leader. He was the Apostolic Visitor for Belarusian Greek Catholic faithfuls abroad from 1986 until his death. He became a priest in 1958 and worked in the United Kingdom for most of his life.

Nadson was born in the town of Haradzeya, Nesvizh Raion of the Minsk Oblast.

Nadson died on 15 April 2015 in London, aged 88.

## References
Juan Carlos Cáceres

**Juan Carlos Cáceres** (4 September 1936 &ndash; 5 April 2015) was an Argentine jazz and tango musician, singer-songwriter, and painter. He began his career in 1977 and created "Tango negro". For most of his career, he worked and lived in France. He released 12 albums between 1993 and 2011.

Cáceres was born in Buenos Aires. He died from cancer on 5 April 2015 in Perigny, near Paris, aged 78.

## References
Charlie Beasley

**Charles P.** "**Charlie**" **Beasley** (September 23, 1945 &ndash; April 11, 2015) was an American basketball player. He played for the Dallas Chaparrals (1967–70), Texas Chaparrals and The Floridians (1970–71) in the ABA for 281 games.

Beasley was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma. He was married and had a son.

Beasley died on April 11, 2015 in McKinney, Texas, aged 69.

## References
## Other websites
*
Walter Benjamin

**Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin** (; 15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and translator.

Benjamin was born to a Jewish family in Berlin, then-German Empire.  

He worked in many subjects such as German idealism, Romanticism, historical materialism, and Jewish mysticism. He helped aesthetic theory, media studies and Western Marxism grow. 

Benjamin died by suicide by taking an overdose of morphine in Portbou at the French–Spanish border while attempting to escape from the Nazis at the age of 48.

## Family 
Jewish-East German judge and politician Hilde Benjamin was his brother's wife.

## References
## Other websites
* Walter Benjamin, at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
* The Internationale Walter Benjamin Gesellschaft. *In English and German.*  (Defunct)
* Walter Benjamin at Marxists.org
* Fragments of the Passagenwerk: The Arcades Project, Giles Peaker
* Aufklärung für Kinder, by Walter Benjamin. 30 broadcasts for German Radio between 1929–1932 specifically for children, maybe 7–14 or so, each consisting of a 20 minute talk or monologue.
* One Way Street: Fragments for Walter Benjamin (1993), by John Hughes. This documentary provides clear and accessible introductions to some of the central ideas in Benjamin's writings.
* Protocols to the Experiments on Hashish, Opium and Mescaline  Translated by Scott J. Thompson, copyright March 25, 1997
* From 'Rausch' to Rebellion  An introductory essay by Scott J. Thompson
* Paris, capitale du XIXe siècle  In French
* Walter Benjamin Research Syndicate 
* "Walter Benjamin for Historians", *American Historical Review,* Vol. 106, No. 5. December 2001.
* "Walter Benjamin on the idea of Progress" ...and the law of "uneven and combined development"
* *Who Killed Walter Benjamin...*, (Spain/The Netherlands/Germany, 2005, 73 min.) a documentary film about the circumstances of Benjamin's death by David Mauas
Lon Simmons

advertisement, 1971.]]

**Lonnie Alexander** "**Lon**" **Simmons** (July 19, 1923 &ndash; April 5, 2015) was an American baseball and football broadcaster. He worked for the San Francisco Giants baseball team and the San Francisco 49ers football team. He also played for three minor league baseball teams after World War II.

Simmons was born in Vancouver, Washington and grew up in Burbank, California. At the time of his death, he was living in San Francisco. He had four daughters.

Simmons died on April 5, 2015 in Daly City, California, aged 91.

## References
John Toohey (judge)

**John Leslie Toohey**  (4 March 1930 &ndash; 9 April 2015) was an Australian judge. He served as the Justice of the High Court of Australia from 6 February 1987 to 2 February 1998.

Toohey was born in rural Western Australia. He died on 9 April 2015, aged 85.

## References
Doctor Zhivago

***Doctor Zhivago*** is a 1965 epic romantic drama movie. The movie is about life in Russia before and during World War I and during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922. The movie is based on a novel of the same name. It was written by Boris Pasternak. The movie was banned in the Soviet Union. It could not be made there and also could not be shown in theatres after it was released. It was first shown in Russia in 1994. The movie was directed by David Lean.

Critics complained when the movie was released because its running time was over three hours. Also, critics thought that the history in the movie was not told correctly. Over time, opinions changed. Now it is thought by the public to be one of David Lean's best movies.

The movie won five Academy Awards. It was entered into the 1966 Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast
* Omar Sharif&nbsp;– Dr. Yuri Zhivago
* Julie Christie&nbsp;– Lara Antipov
* Rod Steiger&nbsp;– Victor Ipolitovich Komarovsky
* Alec Guinness&nbsp;– General Yevgraf Zhivago
* Geraldine Chaplin&nbsp;– Tonya Gromeko
* Tom Courtenay&nbsp;– Pasha Antipov / "Strelnikov"
* Rita Tushingham&nbsp;– Tanya Komarova / "The Girl"
* Jeffrey Rockland&nbsp;– Sasha
 with Omar Sharif in *Doctor Zhivago*]]

## Background
The *Doctor Zhivago* novel was published in 1957 outside Russia, in Western countries. The book caused both praise and controversy. Some of Boris Pasternak's story had been available in Samizdat for some time after World War II. But the novel did not get written until 1956.

The book had to be smuggled out of the Soviet Union, because their government banned it for its views against Communism. It was taken by a trusted friend to an Italian publisher who printed and released it. Many people heard about the book because of the Soviet Union actions taken against the novel. It became very popular in the non-communist world. It spent 26 weeks at the top of the *New York Times* best-seller list.

A great poet who wrote about how he felt, Pasternak was awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature. Even though the award was given for his poetry, it was known that the prize was mainly for *Doctor Zhivago*. The Soviet Union saw this Nobel Prize as a personal attack against their government itself. Pasternak was said to be a traitor by their leaders, so he refused to accept the Prize. The public now thought Pasternak was a Cold War symbol of rebellion against Soviet communism.

The movie  was the same as the novel in some ways, but some changes were made. Many critics said that the movie gave too much attention to the love story between Zhivago and Lara. This downplayed the events of the Russian Revolution and the civil war that it caused.

## References
Monkey Wrench (song)

**"Monkey Wrench"** is the first single from Foo Fighters second album *The Colour and the Shape*. The song is about the ending of Dave Grohl's four year marriage to Jennifer Youngblood.

The song peaked at #9 on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song was d on 28 April 1997 in the United States.

## References
Everlong

"**Everlong**" is the second single from Foo Fighters second album *The Colour and the Shape*. The song lyrics are about falling in love with a new woman. 

The song was released in the United States on 18 August 1997.

## References
James Wan

**James Wan** (born 26 February 1977) is an Australian movie director. He is best known for directing the horror movie *Saw* (2004) and creating Billy the Puppet. He also directed the movies *Dead Silence* (2007), *Death Sentence* (2007), *Insidious* (2010), *The Conjuring* (2013), *Insidious: Chapter 2* (2013), *Furious 7* (2015), *The Conjuring 2* (2016) and *Aquaman* (2019).

Wan and Leigh Whannell served as executive producers for the *Saw* franchise with the movies *Saw II*, *Saw III*, *Saw IV*, *Saw V*, *Saw VI*, *Saw 3D: The Final Chapter*, *Annabelle: Creation* and *Jigsaw*.  He was also a producer for the horror movie *The Curse of La Llorona* (2019).

Wan was born in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. He is of Chinese ancestry. When he was seven, Wan moved with his family to Perth, Western Australia. He later lived in Melbourne, Victoria. He married Romanian-born actress Ingrid Bisu in 2019.

## References
## Other websites
*
Fall River, Massachusetts

**Fall River** is a city in southeast Massachusetts. The city had a population of 94,000 at the 2020 census. Fall River was ed in 1803. In 1804 the town name was changed to Troy, named for Troy, New York. In 1834 the name changed back to Fall River. It is the home of the USS Massachusetts (BB-59).

Fall River was also the home of Lizzie Borden. In 1893 she was put on trial for the axe-murders of her parents. She was found not guilty, but the people of Fall River treated her like an outcast for the rest of her life.

## References