Rosalynn Carter

**Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter**  (August 18, 1927 – November 19, 2023) was an American activist, humanitarian and writer. She was the first lady of the United States from 1977 to 1981 as the wife of the 39th president of the United States, Jimmy Carter. Before becoming first lady, she was the first lady of Georgia from 1971 to 1975 when her husband was governor.

## Biography 
### Early life and education 
Eleanor Rosalynn Smith was born on August 18, 1927, in Plains, Georgia. She was the eldest of four children of Wilburn Edgar Smith and Frances A. Murray Smith. Her brothers were William Jerrold Smith, Murray Lee Smith, and a sister named, Lillian Allethea Smith Wall. Smith was named after Rosa Wise Murray, her maternal grandmother.

Smith played with the boys during her early childhood since no girls on her street were her age. She drew buildings and was interested in airplanes, which led her to believe that she would someday become an architect.

Smith's father died of leukemia in 1940 when she was thirteen. She called the loss of her father the conclusion of her childhood. Thereafter, she helped her mother raise her younger siblings, as well as assisting in the dressmaking business to meet the family's standard of living. 

Smith graduated as valedictorian of Plains High School. She attended Georgia Southwestern College and graduated in 1946. During her time in college, Rosalynn served as vice president of her class and was a founding member of her school's Young Democrats, Campus Marshal and Tumbling Clubs. She would graduate with a junior college diploma. Smith agreed to marry Jimmy in February 1946 when she went to Annapolis with his parents. On July 7, 1946, they married in Plains. The couple had four children named Jack, James Earl III,  Jeff, and Amy Carter.

## Georgia First Lady, 1971–1975 
Carter became the first lady of Georgia when her husband became the 76th governor on January 12, 1971. As the state's first lady, she decided to focus her attention of mental health . She was appointed to the Governor's Commission to Improve Services for the Mentally and Emotionally Handicapped. In August 1971, Carter engaged in a statewide tour of mental health facilities across Georgia.

Carter also served as a volunteer at the Georgia Regional Hospital at Atlanta, and for four years was honorary chairperson for the Georgia Special Olympics. Her activities included entertaining as many as 750 people a week for dinner at the Governor's Mansion.

## First Lady, 1977–1981 
Carter became the first lady of the United States when her husband was sworn in as the 39th president on January 20, 1977. In March 1977, Carter gave her first interview since becoming first lady. She outlined her goals in focusing on mental health.

Carter served as an active honorary chair of the President's Commission on Mental Health. On behalf of the Mental Health System Bill enacted in 1980, she testified before a Senate committee, making her the second first lady to appear before Congress, after Eleanor Roosevelt. Of her priorities, mental health was the highest. Working to change the nature of government assistance to the mentally ill, Carter wanted to allow people to be comfortable admitting their disabilities without fear of being called crazy.

## Life after the White House 
After the Carters left the White House in 1981, they continued to be very active in public life. In 1982, she co-founded The Carter Center, a private, not-for-profit institution based in Atlanta, Georgia. The Carters returned to the home they had built in 1961 in Plains, Georgia. She was a member of the center's board of trustees and participated in many of the center's programs, but gave special attention to the mental health program. 

### Mental health advocacy 
Carter created and served as the chair of The Carter Center Mental Health Task Force, an advisory board of experts, consumers, and advocates promoting positive change in the mental health field. She hosted the annual Rosalynn Carter Symposium on Mental Health Policy, bringing together nationwide leaders in the mental health field.

In April 1984, she became an Honorary Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and served as a board member emeritus of the National Mental Health Association. In 1985, she started the Rosalynn Carter Symposium on Mental Health Policy. The launch and its proceeds allowed representatives of mental health organizations to come together and collaborate on prominent issues. 

She became chair of the International Women Leaders for Mental Health in 1992, and three years later she was honored with the naming of the Rosalynn Carter Mental Georgia Health Forum after her.

The Rosalynn Carter Fellowships for Mental Health Journalism provide stipends to journalists to report on topics related to mental health or mental illnesses. The one-year fellowship seeks to promote public awareness of mental health issues.

### Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregivers 
Carter was president of the board of directors for the Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregiving at Georgia Southwestern State University. The institute focuses its work on both family and professional caregivers for individuals living with chronic illness and disabilities, limitations related to aging, and other health concerns people encounter in their lifespan.

## Awards and honors 
In 1999, Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.

In 2001, Carter was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York. She became the third first lady inducted into the Hall of Fame, after Abigail Adams and Eleanor Roosevelt.

Among Carter's many other awards for service are:

* Dorothea Dix Award, Mental Illness Foundation, 1988
* Jefferson Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, 1996
* Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat International Prize in Mental Health, Institute of Medicine, 2000
* American Peace Award along with Jimmy Carter, 2009

Carter received honorary degrees from the following institutions:

* LL.D., University of Notre Dame, 1987
* D.Litt., Emory University, 1991
* L.H.D., Georgia Southwestern State University, 2001
* Queen's University, 2012

Carter served as distinguished centennial lecturer at Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia, from 1988 to 1992. She was a Distinguished Fellow at the Emory University Department of Women's Studies in Atlanta from 1989 to 2018. On November 17, 2023, Carter entered hospice care while receiving treatment for a urinary tract infection. She died on November 19, 2023, at her home in Plains, Georgia, she was 96 years old. After a final procession through Plains, Carter was buried during a private service at her residence.

## Writings 
* *First Lady from Plains* (autobiography), 1984, 
* *Everything to Gain: Making the Most of the Rest of Your Life* (with Jimmy Carter), 1987, 
* *Helping Yourself Help Others: A Book for Caregivers* (with Susan K. Golant), 1994, 
* *Helping Someone with Mental Illness: A Compassionate Guide for Family, Friends, and Caregivers* (with Susan K. Golant), 1998, 
* *Within Our Reach: Ending the Mental Health Crisis* (with Susan K. Golant and Kathryn E. Cade), 2010, 

## References