open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
2023 Tver plane crash

On 23 August 2023, an Embraer Legacy 600 crashed in Kuzhenkino, Tver Oblast, Russia. The crash killed all ten people onboard, including three crew members. The Russian Federal Air Transport Agency said that the passenger list included the names of the leader of the Wagner Group, Yevgeny Prigozhin and its co-founder, Dmitri Utkin. It is likely that both Prigozhin and Utkin were on the aircraft. On 27 August, the Russian Investigative Committee used DNA testing to confirm the identities of all the crash victims, including Prigozhin.

## Background
The airplane was first registered in Slovenia as S5-ALS and then had different owners. Prigozhin purchased it in 2020 or 2018. The US didn't let the plane enter because Prigozhin was under sanctions for being involved in interference with 2018 United States elections.

The plane was also linked to taking Prigozhin to Belarus in the aftermath of the Wagner Group rebellion.

## Incident
 (left) and Dmitry Utkin (right) were killed in the crash]]
According to Flightradar24.com, the airplane was (already) flying at 15:00 UTC. At 15:11, it was 8,500 m up. It stayed at this height until 15:19. Then, it climbed to 9,200 m. Next, it went down to 8,400 m and up to 8,900 m.

The airplane crashed in Kuzhenkino, Tver Oblast, about 60 miles (100 km) north of where it took off in Moscow.

Prigozhin, Utkin and eight other people died in the crash as suggested by the flight records and later confirmed by DNA analysis of the bodies. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy publicly claimed that Putin was behind the crash, while United States President Joe Biden heavily implied it.

Vladimir Putin denied that the Russian government had any involvement in the crash, claiming the allegations were an "absolute lie." The Russian government instead alleged that Ukraine had assassinated Prigozhin, likely as revenge for the Battle of Bakhmut.

## References
Ptyctodontida

'']]
The **Ptyctodontida** are an order of Devonian chimaera-like placoderms containing the family **Ptyctodontidae**. They are the only placoderms to be sexually dimorphic. Some paleontologists believe that they may have been an early ancestor of modern-day sharks.

According to The Content Authority, they are cartilaginous fishes, but this is not commonly accepted by many people because we believe they are placoderms. It means "folded teeth" in Latin. Like today's cartilaginous fish, they had the possession of claspers.

## Genera 
***Eczematolepis***

***Ctenurella***

*]]
***Materpiscis*** (Latin for "mother fish") is a genus of ptyctodontid placoderm from the late Devonian period, about 380 million years ago.

***Campbellodus***

***Ptyctodus***

***Ptyctodus*** is the type genus of this order and family.

***Kimbryanodus***

## Description 
Ptyctodontids resembled the modern-day chimaeras of the Holocephali, like the acanthothoracids. They had big heads, big eyes, reduced armor and long bodies.

*]]
***Campbellodus*** looked like a scaly cardboard box with the tail of a halosaur. It did not resemble a holocephalian at all, but it is still a ptyctodont.

***Kimbryanodus*** looked like an arthrodire, again with a halosaur's tail. The fossils occur as small three dimensional isolated plates.

## Related pages 
* Antiarchi

## References 
*Long, John A. (1996): *The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution*. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. ISBN 0-8018-5438-5
*Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Placodermi entry)" . *Bulletins of American Paleontology*. **364**: 560. Retrieved 2011-05-20.

## Other websites 
* Ptyctodontid vs Ptyctodontida: Meaning And Differences
Head over Heels (Paula Abdul album)

***Head over Heels*** is the third studio album by American singer and dancer Paula Abdul. It was released on June 13, 1995, by Virgin Records. The album features a mixture of Abdul's signature pop and R&B sound with heavy influences of hip hop music.

## Track listing
## Personnel
Adapted from AllMusic.

*Paula Abdul – all vocals
*Bryan Abrams, Cha'n Andre, Robb Boldt, Robbie J. Brown, Mark Calderon, Cindy & Janie Cruse, Valerie & Worthy Davis, Bruce DeShazer, Ofra Haza, Marva King, Tanya Smith, Sandra St. Victor, Kevin Thornton, Sam Watters, Monalisa Young – backing vocals
*Dallas Austin – various instruments
*Charlie Barnett – percussion
*Rocky Bryant – keyboards, synthesizers, drums, percussion
*Keith Carlock – drums, percussion
*Vince Denham – tenor saxophone
*Walt Fowler, Ralph Rickert, Dan Savant – trumpet
*Ronnie Garrett, Tracy Wormworth – bass guitar
*Grant Geissman – banjo
*Lili Haydn – violin
*Howard Hersh, Peter Lord Moreland, John Andrew Shreiner, V. Jeffrey Smith – keyboards
*Eric Jorgenson – trombone
*Shaun LaBelle – electric bass guitar, synthesizers
*John Leftwich – horns
*Oliver Leiber – keyboards, synthesizers, guitars, electric sitar, drums, percussion
*Iki Levy – percussion
*Keith Lewis – percussion and various programming
*Karl Messerschmidt – tuba
*Tim Miner – electric bass, keyboards, backing vocals
*Michael Patterson – synthesizers
*Paul Peterson – electric piano
*Harihar Rao – sitar, tamboura
*John Shanks, Andy Timmons, Bill Wiseman – guitars
*Rick Sheppard – synthesizers, samples
*Daryl Simmons – keyboards, programming, drums, percussion, backing vocals
*Ralph Stacey – electric and bass guitars
*Gerri Sutyak – cello
*Albert Wing – tenor and alto saxophone, clarinet

## Charts
## Certifications
## References
Revenge (XXXTentacion song)

"**Revenge**" (also known by its first name '''Garrett's Revenge''') is the first single off of American rapper XXXTentacion's first studio album *17*. The song was released on May 18, 2017.

The song was able to make it to #7 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #16 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 charts. It was also certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and by IFPI Greece.

After X wrote the song, he dedicated it to the memory of Jocelyn Flores, one of his friends who commited suicide while visiting him. The cover art of the song is believed to be the suicide note written by Flores. The original name of the song was a reference to X's friend and merchandise manager Garette.

## References
## Other websites
*
Spellbound (Paula Abdul album)

***Spellbound*** is the second studio album by American singer and dancer Paula Abdul. It was released on May 14, 1991 by Virgin Records. The music on the album is a mixture of "funky" pop, new jack swing and R&B.

## Track listing
**Notes**
* denotes a song mixed using QSound.

## Production
*Produced by Peter Lord, Paisley Park, V. Jeffrey Smith, Jorge Corante and Don Was
*Engineers: Wolfgang Aichholz, Ed Cherney, Don Feinerg, Arne Frager, Rod Hull, Michael Koppelman, Greg Laney, Dave Pensado

## Personnel
*Paula Abdul – lead vocals, Synclavier II
*Sweet Pea Atkinson, Sir Harry Bowens, Sally Dworsky, Colin England, The Family Stand, Peter Lord, Arnold McCuller, Sandra St. Victor – backing vocals
*Mike Campbell, Mark Goldenberg, Randy Jacobs, Clifford Moonie Pusey, V. Jeffrey Smith – guitar
*Jorge Corante, Tom Hammer, Peter Lord, Ivan Neville, V. Jeffrey Smith – keyboards
*Jamie Muhoberac – organ
*Tim Drummond – bass
*Curt Bisquera, Rocky Bryant – drums
*Paulinho Da Costa – percussion
*Greg Adams – trumpet
*Steve Grove – tenor saxophone
*Stephen Kupka – baritone saxophone
*Stevie Wonder – harmonica
*Stuart Canin – violin
*Billy Heaslip – lighting director
*Robert Lobetta – photography

## Charts
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Certifications
## References
Never a Dull Moment (Rod Stewart album)

***Never a Dull Moment*** is the fourth studio album by Rod Stewart and was released on 21 July 1972 through Mercury Records. It topped the album charts in Canada and the United Kingdom. It went to the top 10 in Australia, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United States.

## Track listing 
## References
Atlantic Crossing

***Atlantic Crossing*** is the sixth studio album by Rod Stewart and was released on 15 August 1975 through Warner Bros. Records. It topped the album charts in Australia, Norway and the United Kingdom. It also went to number 2 in the Netherlands and New Zealand, number 5 in Sweden, number 9 in the United States and number 11 in Germany.

## Track listing 
**Fast Side** (**Side One**)
# "Three Time Loser" (Rod Stewart) – 4:03
# "Alright for an Hour" (Stewart, Jesse Ed Davis) – 4:17
# "All in the Name of Rock 'N' Roll" (Stewart) – 5:02
# "Drift Away" (Mentor Williams) – 3:43
# "Stone Cold Sober" (Stewart, Steve Cropper) – 4:12

**Slow Side** (**Side Two**)
# "I Don't Want to Talk About It" (Danny Whitten) – 4:47
# "It's Not the Spotlight" (Barry Goldberg, Gerry Goffin) – 4:21
# "This Old Heart of Mine" (Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland, Eddie Holland, Sylvia Moy) – 4:04
# "Still Love You" (Stewart) – 5:08
# "Sailing" (Gavin Sutherland) – 4:37

### 2009 two disc re-release 
**Disc one**
:Track 1 – 10 features the original album.
#"Skye Boat Song (The Atlantic Crossing Drum & Pipe Band)" (Harold Boulton, Annie MacLeod) 4:13

**Disc two**
#"To Love Somebody"  (Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb) – 4:12
#"Holy Cow"  (Allen Toussaint) – 3:16
#"Return to Sender"  (Otis Blackwell, Scott Winfield) – 3:42
#"Three Time Loser" [Alternate Version] (Stewart) – 4:40
#"Alright for an Hour" [Alternate Version] (Stewart, Davis) – 4:36
#"All in the Name of Rock 'n' Roll" [Alternate Version] (Stewart) – 5:00
#"Drift Away" [Alternate Version] (Williams) – 3:58
#"Too Much Noise" [Early Version of "Stone Cold Sober"] (Stewart, Cropper) – 3:24
#"I Don't Want to Talk About It" [Alternate Version] (Whitten) – 4:56
#"It's Not the Spotlight" [Alternate Version] (Goldberg, Goffin) – 4:27
#"This Old Heart of Mine" [Alternate Version]  (Holland-Dozier-Holland, Moy) – 3:54
#"Still Love You" [Alternate Version] (Stewart) 4:57
#"Sailing" [Alternate Version] (Sutherland) 4:39
#"Skye Boat Song (The Atlantic Crossing Drum & Pipe Band)" [Alternate Version] (Boulton, MacLeod) 4:20

## References
Jablonec nad Nisou

**Jablonec nad Nisou** () is a city in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. About 46,000 people live there. It is the second-largest city in the region. It is known for its glass and jewelry production.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Calderara di Reno

**Calderara di Reno** is a *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy. It is about  northwest of Bologna.

## References
A Night on the Town (Rod Stewart album)

***A Night on the Town*** is the seventh album by Rod Stewart and was released on 18 June 1976 through Warner Bros. Records. The album cover is based on Pierre-Auguste Renoir's painting *Bal du moulin de la Galette*. The album was reissued in 2009 as a double disc with bonus tracks. It topped the single charts in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It went to number 2 in the United States, number 5 in the Netherlands and number 29 in Germany.

## Track listing 
### Original release 
### 2009 re-release
Piton de la Fournaise

The **Piton de la Fournaise** (/piːtɒn də lə fʊəˈneɪz/) is an active volcano on the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. It erupts often, so it is one of the most active volcanoes on the planet.

It is in the southeast of the island and is part of the Réunion National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

## References
Sergeant major

**Sergeant major** is a senior non-commissioned (non-officer) rank or  in many militaries around the world.
Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps

**Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps** (officially abbreviated to **SMMC**) is a billet, as well as a unique enlisted grade of rank, and is designated a special paygrade above E-9. The position also has a unique non-commissioned grade of rank insignia, in the United States Marine Corps. The holder of this rank and position is the most senior enlisted marine in the Marine Corps, unless an enlisted marine is serving as the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman.

## References
Just a Lil Bit

"**Just a Lil Bit**" is the third single off of American rapper 50 Cent's second studio album *The Massacre*. The song was released on May 17, 2005.

The song was able to make it to #1 on the Hot Rap Songs, #3 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, and #3 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. It was also certified 3× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

In the song, 50 raps about him going to a club, meeting a woman and wanting to bring her back to his place to have sex.

A music video for the song was released. It was directed by Benny Boom. In the video, 50 plays a character named El Jefe. He has three women named Face, Tata, and Diablo work for him. The women set three different men up and steal their money. 50 leaves each men a $50 bill and leaves Mexico with the ladies and the men's money. It was shot in Cancun, Mexico.

## References
## Other websites
*
List of Radio Philippines Network affiliate stations

These are the nationwide via satellite-reach TV and Radio stations of the **Radio Philippines Network** (**RPTV**). 
## RPTV Network Stations Nationwide
### RPTV Network
#### Analog Broadcast Stations
#### Digital Broadcast Stations
RPN's upcoming expansion of its digital terrestrial television will be announced soon as possible in other key cities nationwide.

## RPN Radio stations
## References
Vivian Greene

**Vivian Greene** (February 22, 1948 – July 2, 1998) was an American educator and author with an expertise in 18th and 19th century Danish and German literature.

## Early life and education 
She was born on February 22, 1948, in Georgia. She attended Spelman College in Atlanta in 1970 and received her masters and doctoral degrees in German from the University of Illinois.

## Career 
She was a faculty member at the University of Michigan from 1976 until 1982, a visiting professor at Harvard University from 1994 until 1995, and an associate professor at the University of Maryland where she taught Germanic languages and literature.

## Books published 
* 

* 
* 

## Personal life 
Vivian was married to Arthur R. Gantzberg. She died in 1998 from brain cancer.

## References
State Seal of Japan

The  is one of the national seals of Japan and is used as the official seal of state.

## History 
Abei Rekido, the Kyoto-based master-hand of the seal Abei Rekido of Kyoto was ordered to produce the seal, and he manufactured it with the Privy Seal of Japan in one year in 1874. Although there was no character "帝" (imperial) in the seal text. it was not reminted (remade) at the start of the Meiji Constitution. 

At the 2019 Japanese imperial transition, the State Seal – together with the Privy Seal and two of the Imperial Regalia – featured twice during the ceremonies: During the  of Emperor Akihito on 30 April, and during the  of Emperor Naruhito on 1 May, chamberlains carried the seals into the Hall of Pines, where they were placed on tables near the reigning Emperor.

## Related pages 
* Government crest of Japan
Helen Frankenthaler

**Helen Frankenthaler** (1928–2011) was an  American painter.

## Biography
Frankenthaler was born in New York City on December 12, 1928. She began studying art when she was 15 years old. She went to the Dalton School in New York City. She then went to Bennington College.

Frankenthaler moved back to New York City in 1948. Frankenthaler met important New York Abstract painters including Willem de Kooning, Lee Krasner, Jackson Pollock, and Franz Kline. In the early 1950s Frankenthaler developed a style of painting she called "soak-stain" 

Frankenthaler's style influenced other painters like Morris Lewis and Kenneth Nolan. Their painting style was called Color Field painting. They divorced in 1971.

Frankenthaler died in Darien, Connecticut on December 27, 2011. the Museum of Modern Art, the National Gallery of Art, the National Museum of Women in the Arts, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,

## References
Bdewi Musa

**Bdewi Musa** is a Jordanian athlete. He is known for his participation in the sport of taekwondo. He received a bronze medal during the 1980 Asian Taekwondo Championships in the -56 kg weight category.

## International honors 
## Sources
Attack of the Show!

**Attack of the Show!** ( often abbreviated as **AOTS** ) is an American live television program that aired on G4. AOTS features segments on pop culture, video games and movies. It had an initial run from 2005 to 2013.

## Segments 
Around The Net - Around The Net ( abbreviated as ATN ) features a countdown of 5 viral videos as shown on video sharing sites such as YouTube. A subset of the segment dubbed “ What Happens Next? “ was a interactive viewer quiz that tasked the viewer on what they think happens next in the viral video presented.

The Feed - anchored by Sara Jean Underwood. The segment is a rundown of various news stories, usually 3 or 4, related to movies, technology, etc. (This name was also used for a news ticker that would pop up onscreen during other G4 programming.)

DVDuesday - Chris Gore comes in and reviews newly released DVDs, graded as “Buy”, “Rent” or “Pass”.
Carlos A. Ruiz

**Carlos A. Ruiz** (born April 1975) is a United States Marine Corps sergeant major who has served as the 20th sergeant major of the Marine Corps (the highest ranked non-commissioned officer) since August 10, 2023. He most recently served as the Command Senior enlisted Leader of the United States Marine Corps Reserve and United States Marine Corps Forces, South.

In December 2022, Ruiz was selected for assignment as command senior enlisted of the United States Space Command, before he was instead selected to be the sergeant major of the Marine Corps.

## References
## Other websites
*
Daniel (Elton John song)

"**Daniel**" is a 1973 song by Elton John. It was taken from his sixth studio album ''Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player''. It went to number 2 in the United States, Zimbabwe and New Zealand, number 1 in Canada and number 4 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1974. It was later covered by Wilson Phillips.
Sara Underwood

**Sara Jean Underwood (born March 26, 1984)** is an American nude model, television host and actress. She was chosen as Playmate of the Month for the July 2006 issue of Playboy Magazine and later became Playmate of the Year in 2007. she was best known for being on G4’s Attack of the Show! from 2010 until 2013 when she was the anchor for one of the AOTS segments, “ The Feed “. She was born on March 26, 1984 in Portland, Oregon.
Arneb

**Arneb**, also called **Alpha Leporis**, is a yellow supergiant star in the constellation Lepus. It is 75 times the diameter of the Sun and over 2,000 light years away.

## References
Raorchestes tuberohumerus

The **Kudremukh yellow bush frog** (*Raorchestes tuberohumerus*) is a frog.  It lives in southern India.  Scientists have seen it in the Western Ghat mountains between 500 and 1100 meters above sea level.

## Appearance
This is a small frog.  The adult male frog is about 18 mm long from nose to rear end.  The skin of its back is brown with yellow spots on the tops of the legs.  Some frogs have a mark like an hourglass on their backs.  There are large red or yellow marks near where the back legs meet the body.  This frog can change color: it is darker during the day than at night, and its marks are clearer.

A part of the front leg bone sticks out.  This bone is called the humerus.  Scientists think this is the only frog that has a front leg bone like this.  This is why they gave the frog the Latin name *tuberohumerus*. It means "knobbed humerus bone."

The scientists who wrote the first paper only found male frogs, so they do not know whether the female frogs also have these colors or spiked arm bones.

Scientists think this frog looks like *Raorchestes bombayensis* but smaller. 

## Home
People have seen this frog in evergreen forests and in places that human beings have changed.  People have seen this frog in small pieces of forest and in people's gardens. People have seen this frog between 500 and 1100 meters above sea level.

The female frog lays her eggs in moss in dead leaves on the ground. Scientists say this frog hatches out of its egg as a small frog and never swims as a tadpole.

## Danger
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out, but it is in some danger. When human beings change the place where it lives to farms or change from a farm where the frog can live to a farm where it can't life, the frog is in danger. Scientists say climate change is also a danger for this frog.

Scientists think the fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* can also make this frog sick. *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* causes the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.

## References
Incredible Crew

**Incredible Crew** is and American sketch comedy television series, created by Nick Cannon for Cartoon Network. Cannon created the series in early 2012, and the series aired as a sneak peek on December 31, 2012 to April 11, 2013, featuring a 22-minute run time.
Henrik Kromann Toft

**Henrik Kromann Toft** is an archer from Denmark. He was born on 11 July 1968. Kromann Toft competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## References
Adriana Espinosa

**Adriana Espinosa de los Monteros** is an archer from Ecuador. She was born on 18 July 1991. Espinosa competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## References
Amal Adam

**Amal Adam** is an archer from Egypt. She was born on 24 December 1981. Adam competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## References
Lamia Bahnasawy

**Lamia Bahnasawy** is an archer from Egypt. She was born on 11 November 1984. Bahnasawy competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

## References
Unskinny Bop

"**Unskinny Bop**" is a 1990 song by American rock band Poison. It is the leading single from their third studio album *Flesh and Blood*. It went to number 3 in the United States, New Zealand and Canada, number 15 in the United Kingdom and number 7 in Australia.

## Track listings
**7-inch and cassette single**
# "Swampjuice (Soul-O)" – 1:26
# "Unskinny Bop" – 3:47
# "Valley of Lost Souls" – 5:37

**12-inch and CD single**
# "Swampjuice (Soul-O)" – 1:26
# "Unskinny Bop" – 3:47
# "Valley of Lost Souls" – 5:37
# "Poor Boy Blues" – 5:19

**Japanese mini-CD single**
# "Unskinny Bop"
# "Valley of Lost Souls"

## References
Place Your Hands

"**Place Your Hands**" is a 1996 song by British band Reef and is the leading single from their second studio album *Glow*. It went to number 6 in the United Kingdom, number 4 in Scotland, number 28 in Australia and number 21 in New Zealand.

## References
P.I.M.P.

"**P.I.M.P.**" is the fourth single off of American rapper 50 Cent's first studio album ''Get Rich or Die Tryin'*. The song was released on June 24, 2003. A remix for the song features American rapper Snoop Dogg and G-Unit members Lloyd Banks and Young Buck.

The song was able to make it to #1 on the Hot Rap Tracks, #2 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, and #3 on the *Billboard'' Hot 100 charts. It was also certified 3× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

In the song, 50 raps about how he is living a pimp lifestyle and how he doesn't give money or gifts to women.

A music video for the song was released. In the video, 50 pulls up to a mansion in a Rolls-Royce. He enters the mansion with women beside him and goes before a council of pimps, headed by a character played by Snoop Dogg. The pimps question 50 on why they would allow him into their group because he doesn't have a perm or Cadillac. 50 ends up being accepted after showing the pimps his "Magic Stick".

## References
## Other websites
*
American Boy (Eddie Rabbitt song)

"**American Boy**" is a 1990 song by country singer Eddie Rabbitt and is the fourth single from his 12th studio album *Jersey Boy*. It went to number 11 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and was very popular during the Gulf War.

## References
Yessica Camilo

**Yessica Camilo González** is an archer from the Dominican Republic. She was born on 23 February 1993. Camilo competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## References
Tàrrega

**Tàrrega** is a municipality in the Province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 87.96 km² and a population of 17,626 people.
Forever Your Girl

***Forever Your Girl*** is the debut studio album by American singer and dancer Paula Abdul. It was released on June 21, 1988, through Virgin Records. The music on the album is primarily dance-pop, new jack swing and R&B.

## Accolades 
## Track listing
## Personnel
Adapted from AllMusic.

* Paula Abdul – lead vocals  
* Marvin Gunn and Bruce DeShazer AKA Tony Christin - backing vocals 
* Peter Arata – mixing assistant
* Babyface – keyboards, producer, backing vocals
* Glen Ballard – drums, producer, programming
* Russ Bracher – engineer
* Pattie Brooks – backing vocals
* Wally Buck – engineer
* Francis Buckley – engineer, mixing
* Annette Cisneros – assistant engineer
* Dave Cochran – guitar, backing vocals
* Keith "KC" Cohen – mixing, producer
* Delisa Davis – backing vocals
* Tami Day – backing vocals
* Jimmy Demers – backing vocals
* Eddie M. – saxophone on "I Need You"
* Al Fleming – assistant engineer
* Basil Fung – guitar
* Jon Gass – engineer, mixing
* Bobby Gonzales – guitar
* Danny Grigsby – assistant engineer
* Evelyn Halus – backing vocals
* Dann Huff – guitar
* Tim Jaquette – engineer, mixing
* Jesse Johnson – drums, keyboards, producer
* Cliff Jones – assistant engineer, engineer
* Kayo – synthesizer, synthesizer bass
* Oliver Leiber – arranger, drum programming, guitar, keyboards, producer, programming
* Jeff Lorber – drum programming, engineer, guest artist, keyboards, producer
* Yvette Marine – backing vocals
* Pat McDougal – assistant engineer
* Lucia Newell – backing vocals
* Ricky P. – keyboards
* Pebbles – guest artist, backing vocals
* L.A. Reid – drums, guest artist, percussion programming, producer
* Angel Rogers – backing vocals
* Josh Schneider – assistant engineer
* Daryl Simmons – backing vocals
* Bob Somma – guitar
* St. Paul – arranger, bass, keyboards, Organ, vocoder
* Kendall Stubbs – engineer
* Randy Weber – programming, synthesizer
* Steve Weise – engineer
* Troy Williams - saxophone on "Forever Your Girl"
* Wild Pair – vocals, backing vocals

## Charts 
## Certifications
## References
Scenario (song)

"**Scenario**" is the third single off of American hip hop group A Tribe Called Quest's second studio album *The Low End Theory*. The song was released on March 13, 1992. It also features American hip hop group Leaders of the New School

The song was able to make it to #6 on the Hot Rap Tracks, #34 on the Dance Singles Sales, #42 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, and #57 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 charts. It was also certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). *Time* included the song on their list of All-TIME 100 Songs. It is considered one of the greatest posse cuts of all time.

A music video for the song was released. In the video, computer effects cover the screen and the group performs in front of a green screen. Shots of them performing in concert and in the streets of New York are shown. In the video, filmmaker and actor Spike Lee, *Yo! MTV Raps* host Fab Five Freddy, and musicians De La Soul, Kid Capri, Brand Nubian, and Redman all make cameos.

## References
## Other websites
*
No Regrets (Amanda Lear song)

"**No Regrets**" is a 1983 song by French singer Amanda Lear and taken from her sixth studio album *Tam-Tam*. It did not chart in France and Italy.

## Track listing 
***7" Single**
:A. "No Regrets" – 4:26
:B. "It's All Over" – 3:35

***12" Single**
:A. "No Regrets" (Extended Vocal Version) – 5:50
:B. "No Regrets" (Instrumental Dub) – 5:23

## References
Pulli

**Pulli** is a village in Tori Parish, Pärnu County in southwestern Estonia.

Prior to the administrative reform of Estonian local governments in 2017, the village was part of Sauga Parish. **Pulli settlement** is one of the oldest known human settlements in Estonia It is dated to around 9000 years BC, during the Mesolithic period.  It was discovered in 1967.

1175 items used by people of the Mesolithic period were excavated at the Pulli settlement.  There were tools mostly made of flint, especially arrowheads. A few items made of bone were found too, such as fishhooks and accessories made of animal claws.   A dog tooth is the first evidence for the existence of the domesticated dog in Estonia.

## References
Thunderstruck

"**Thunderstruck**" is the first single off of Australian rock band AC/DC's twelfth studio album *The Razors Edge*. The song was released on 10 September 1990.

The song was able to make it to #4 on the Rock Digital Songs, #5 on the Mainstream Rock, and #16 on the Digital Song Sales charts. It was also certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). 

When talking about the song, guitarist Angus Young said "It started off from a little trick I had on guitar. I played it to Mal and he said 'Oh, I've got a good rhythm idea that will sit well in the back.' We built the song up from that. We fiddled about with it for a few months before everything fell into place. Lyrically, it was really just a case of finding a good title ... We came up with this thunder thing, based on our favourite childhood toy ThunderStreak, and it seemed to have a good ring to it. AC/DC = Power. That's the basic idea."

A music video for the song was released. It was directed by David Mallet. In the video, the band performs in concert at Brixton Academy in London on 17 August 1990. The video has over 1 billion views on YouTube.

## References
## Other websites
*
1591

## Events
*August 30 – The Battle of Flores begins
*November 11 – King Henry IV of France begins the siege of Rouen.
Amazing (Aerosmith song)

"**Amazing**" is a 1993 song by American hard rock band Aerosmith and is the fifth single from their 11th studio album *Get a Grip*. It went to number 24 in the United States, number 58 in the United Kingdom, number 2 in Iceland, number 4 in Canada, number 7 in Portugal, number 5 in Norway and number 12 in the Netherlands.

## Track listing
## Notes
Dreaming My Dreams with You

"**Dreaming My Dreams with You**" is a 1975 song by Waylon Jennings and is the title track to his 22nd studio album *Dreaming My Dreams with You*. It went to number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Single charts and was covered by Colleen Hewett in 1979 and went to number 2 in Australia.

## References
Joseph, Better You than Me

"**Joseph, Better You than Me**" is a 2008 Christmas single by The Killers featuring Elton John and Neil Tennant. It was released as a download-only single and went to number 88 in the United Kingdom and number 43 in Canada.

## References
Thorgan Hazard

**Thorgan Ganael Francis Hazard** (born 29 March 1993) is a Belgian football player. He plays as an attacking midfielder and winger for Anderlecht and the Belgium national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:*Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each Hazard goal*

**PSV**
* KNVB Cup: 2022–23

**Belgium**
*FIFA World Cup third place: 2018

**Individual**
*Belgian Golden Shoe: 2013
*Belgian Footballer of the Year: 2013–14

## References
It's a Sin

"'''It's a Sin'*" is a 1987 song by Pet Shop Boys and is the leading single from their second studio album *Actually''. It topped the single charts in the United Kingdom, Germany, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Norway, Switzerland, Sweden and Finland, number 10 in Australia, number 9 in the United States and number 8 in New Zealand and Canada. It was covered by Elton John featuring Years & Years in 2021.

## Track listings
* **7": Parlophone / R 6158 (UK)**
# "It's a Sin" – 4:59
# "You Know Where You Went Wrong" – 5:51

* **12": Parlophone / 12R 6158 (UK)**
# "It's a Sin" (Disco Mix) – 7:39
# "You Know Where You Went Wrong" – 5:51
# "It's a Sin" (7" version) – 4:59

* **CD: Parlophone / CDR 6158 (UK)**
# "It's a Sin" (7" version) – 4:59
# "You Know Where You Went Wrong" – 5:51
# "It's a Sin" (Disco Mix) – 7:39

* **12": Parlophone / 12RX 6158 (UK)**
# "It's a Sin" (Remix) (Ian Levine) – 8:15
# "You Know Where You Went Wrong" (Rough Mix) – 6:38

* **12": EMI-Manhattan / V-19256 (US)**
# "It's a Sin" (Phil Harding Latin Vocal Mix) (aka Miami Mix) – 9:14
# "It's a Sin" (Phil Harding Latin Dub Mix) – 4:20
# "It's a Sin" (Remix) – 8:15
# "It's a Sin" (Disco Mix) – 7:39
# "You Know Where You Went Wrong" – 5:51

## References
Belforte Monferrato

**Belforte Monferrato** is a *comune* in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## References
Foot Loose & Fancy Free

***Foot Loose & Fancy Free*** is the eighth studio album by Rod Stewart and was released on 4 November 1977 through Warner Bros. Records. It topped the album charts in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and New Zealand. It also went to number 2 in the United States, number 3 in the United Kingdom and number 6 in Norway and Sweden.

## Track listing 
## References
San Nazzaro

**San Nazzaro** may refer to the following places:

## Italy
*San Nazzaro, Campania, a *comune* in the Province of Benevento
*San Nazzaro Sesia, a *comune* in the Province of Novara, Piedmont
*San Nazzaro Val Cavargna, a *comune* in the Province of Como, Lombardy

## Switzerland
*San Nazzaro, Switzerland, a former *comune* in the Canton of Ticino
Ortona

**Ortona** is an Italian city in Abruzzo. About 23,000 people live there.

It is known as the site of the Battle of Ortona in 1943.

## References
Garça

**Garça** is an Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. 44,409 people lived here in 2020 and its area is 556&nbsp;km².
Isola Sant'Antonio

**Isola Sant&#39;Antonio** is a *comune* in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Twin towns 
Isola Sant'Antonio is twinned with:
*  Saint-Jean-de-Folleville, France

## References
Saint-Jean-de-Folleville

**Saint-Jean-de-Folleville** is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Seine-Maritime department in north France.

## References
Marmagne, Cher

**Marmagne** is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Cher department in central France. In 2020, 1,916 people lived there.

## References
Shut Up and Dance: Mixes

***Shut Up and Dance: Mixes*** is a remix album by American singer and dancer Paula Abdul. It was released on May 8, 1990 by Virgin Records. It contains dance remixes of the six hit singles from Abdul's debut album *Forever Your Girl*, one remixed album track and one medley. The album was another huge success for Abdul, peaking at No. 7 on the *Billboard* 200.

## Track listing
## Charts and certifications
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
### Certifications and sales
## References
Treaty of Tartu (Estonia–Russia)

**The Tartu Peace Treaty** is an international agreement signed between Estonia and Soviet Russia in Tartu on February 2, 1920. It marked the end of the War of Independence. It fixed Estonia's eastern border, and Soviet Russia recognized the independence of the Republic of Estonia. This was the first time that Estonia was recognised as an independent country. It was the first treaty the soviets signed. 

Before that Estonia had been a province of Imperial Russia since 1721.

Russia gave up "forever all sovereign rights that Russia had regarding the people and land of Estonia". Estonia got rid of all obligations to Russia and got 15 million gold rubles or 11.6 tons of gold from the Russian gold fund. In the 1920s, Soviet Russia sold a large part of the huge reserves of gold and precious metals taken from people and churches to Western countries through the Estonian bank G. Scheel & Co. Many Estonian businessmen and the Estonian state became rich because of this. The Russians did not do everything they agreed to. The things they took from the collections of the University of Tartu were not returned - and still have not been. Some land granted to Estonia by the Treaty is still under Russian control.

After the treaty about 38,000 Estonians moved from Russia to Estonia.  More people wanted to move and were stopped by the Russians.

## References
Artificial intelligence in healthcare

**Artificial intelligence in healthcare** refers to the integration of advanced computer algorithms and machine learning techniques into the field of healthcare. This involves using AI technologies to analyze medical data, make predictions, diagnose diseases, recommend treatment plans, and improve overall patient care. The goal is to leverage AI's computational power to enhance medical practices, research, and decision-making, ultimately leading to more accurate diagnoses, personalized treatments, and improved patient outcomes.

## References
Bosco Marengo

**Bosco Marengo** is a *comune* in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## References
Wicked Witch of the West

The **Wicked Witch of the West** is a fictional character from the *Oz* series. She is mainly known for being the main antagonist (villain) of *The Wonderful Wizard of Oz* and its adaptations, most notably *The Wizard of Oz* 1939 film.

## Story 
In the books, the Wicked Witch of the West is one of the four main witches in the first *Oz* book. She is the ruler of the Winkie Country and lives in a palace. The Wicked Witch also has one eye, which works like a telescope.

The Wicked Witch of the West is mentioned throughout the book but only makes her first appearance close to the end. The main characters, Dorothy, Tin Man, Scarecrow and the Lion are sent by the Wizard of Oz to kill the Witch.

The Wicked Witch sends wolves, crows and bees to kill the heroes but each fails. Her servants are too scared so she summons the Winged Monkeys to capture them. The Wicked Witch finds out that she cannot kill Dorothy so she enslaves her. The Wicked Witch also develops an obsession with the magical silver slippers that Dorothy is wearing.

The Witch manages to get hold of one slipper, making Dorothy angry. Dorothy throws a bucket of water at the Wicked Witch, causing her to melt.

## Other major appearances 
### 1910 film 
In the 1910 Silent film The Wonderful Wizard of Oz with Bebe Daniels as Dorothy, The Wicked Witch of the West is named Momba. 

### 1939 film 
 as the Wicked Witch of the West ]]
In the 1939 film, the Wicked Witch is portrayed by Margaret Hamilton. The Witch is given a black dress, a black pointed hat, green skin and a broomstick. This portrayal of witches has become very popular ever since the film has been released.

In this film, the Wicked Witch's sister is the Wicked Witch of the East (their relationship was never explored in the book). She also appears many times in the movie. The character ranks #4 in the American Film Institute's list of "50 Best Villains".

## Wicked 
The Wicked Witch's backstory is the main focus of the musical *Wicked*. In this story, she is named **Elphaba**. A film version of the musical was released in 2024, with Cynthia Erivo as Elphaba. In Wicked, Elphaba never actually turns evil and it’s actually everyone else lying about her. 

## Oz the Great and Powerful 
In the movie, Oz the Great and Powerful, the Wicked Witch of the West is named Theodora. She falls in love with a man named Oscar Diggs (also known as Oz) but he falls in love with Glinda so Theodora cries and her tears burn her skin so her sister Evanora gives her a potion to make her stop feeling love and it turns her evil and makes her skin green. 

## Once Upon Time 
In Once Upon a Time, the Wicked Witch of the West is named Zelena and she turns green since she’s jealous of her sister Regina. Zelena also wants to invent time travel.  

## Sources
Benzimidazole

**Benzimidazole** is an organic compound. It has the chemical formula . It is made of a benzene ring that shares a side with an imidazole ring. Like benzene and imidazole, it is an aromatic compound.

Chemicals that have the benzimidazole structure are called **benzimidazoles**. The chemical benzimidazole has few uses, but many benzimidazoles are used as drugs, plastics and dyes.

## Examples and uses
 is a fungicide with a benzimidazole core]]

Some examples of benzimidazoles:
* Angiotensin II receptor blockers such as azilsartan, candesartan, and telmisartan.
* Anthelmintic agents such as albendazole, ciclobendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, oxibendazole, triclabendazole, and thiabendazole.
* Antihistamines such as astemizole, bilastine, clemizole, emedastine, mizolastine, and oxatomide.
* Benzimidazole fungicides such as benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, and thiabendazole.
* Nitazenes, or Benzimidazole opioids, such as bezitramide, brorphine, clonitazene, etodesnitazene, etonitazene, etonitazepipne, etonitazepyne, isotonitazene, metodesnitazene, and metonitazene.
* Proton-pump inhibitors such as dexlansoprazole, esomeprazole, ilaprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, and tenatoprazole.
* Typical antipsychotics such as benperidol, clopimozide, droperidol, neflumozide, and oxiperomide, and pimozide.
*Benzimidazole can also be found in abemaciclib, bendamustine, dabigatran, daridorexant, and glasdegib.

When printed circuit boards are manufactured (or made), benzimidazole can be used as an organic solderability preservative. (When that kind of preservative gets used, it can protect copper contacts (for years), until the contact gets soldered.)

## References
G. Scheel & Co

**G. Scheel & Co**  was a bank started in Tallinn by Georg Johannes Heinrich Scheel on January 1, 1884 as a limited partnership. It was then called Tallinn Bank G. Scheel. It became a joint-stock bank in 2010, when it was managed by the grandson of the founder, Klaus Scheel.

In  the early years of the Estonian War of Independence, Scheel Bank served the Russian White Guard Northwestern Army and the Northwestern Russian government in Estonia.

Under the Tartu Peace Treaty, Estonia allowed Soviet Russia to use Estonia and Estonian ports for duty-free trade. Soviet Russia sold the wealth nationalized, requisitioned or stolen from the former owners. A lot of gold and diamonds were sold through the bank.  In the 1920s The Scheel Group arranged  foreign loans to Estonian companies, especially the new fuel oil industry.  Scheel bought the main breweries.

## References
Indo-Pacific sergeant

The **Indo-Pacific sergeant** (***Abudefduf vaigiensis***) is a species of damselfish in the family Pomacentridae. It may also be known as the **Sergeant major** although this name is usually reserved for the closely related species *Abudefduf saxatilis*. The closely related *Abudefduf caudobimaculatus* was formerly thought to be the same as this species and, according to some authorities, is .

## Distribution
 in Taba, Egypt]]
The **Indo-Pacific sergeant** is found in the Indo-Pacific including the Red Sea. Indian Ocean populations are found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, Arabia, the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea, the Maldives, eastern Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, the Andaman Sea, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia. in the Mediterranean Sea, where its distribution remains unclear due to possible confusion with *Abudefduf saxatilis* and *Abudefduf troschelii*.

## Description
*Abudefduf vaigiensis* are white bluish with a yellow top. They have a black spot around their dorsal fin. It has yellow eyes. The dorsal fin on this fish has 13 dorsal spines and 11 to 14 dorsal soft rays.

### Habitat
Adults live in coral reefs, tide pools, and rocky reefs. Males guard and aerate the eggs until they hatch.

## References
## Further reading
* 
* 
* 

## Other websites
* Fishes of Australia : *Abudefduf vaigiensis*
Ali Ahmadzadeh

**Seyed Ali Ahmadzadeh** (born September 11, 1964) is an Iranian lawyer and politician. Ahmadzadeh is the 21st Governor of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province since September 22, 2021. He was the Vice Governor of Qom province for Economic Affairs from 2005 through 2009.

Ahmadzadeh was elected as the governor of Gachsaran city in 1994, and then in 1998, he became the vice president of Qom University for Economic Affairs and worked until 2005.

## References 
## Other websites
Abudefduf caudobimaculatus

***Abudefduf caudobimaculatus***, commonly known as the **Okinawa sergeant**, is a species of damselfish. They are in the family Pomacentridae. The species is native to the Indo-Pacific. It is believed to live from East Africa to Yakushima and Lord Howe Island. This includes Taiwan, where it lives in the same areas with its congeners *Abudefduf nigrimargo* and *A. vaigiensis*), and Indonesia.  The species was first described in 1939. It was later thought to be the same as *Abudefduf vaigiensis.* In a 2017 review by Kunto Wibowo of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Hiroyuki Motomura of the Kagoshima University Museum, and Minoru Toda redescribed the species as a separate species. Even after this, the name is still listed by FishBase and WoRMS as a synonym of *A. vaigiensis*.

## References
Abudefduf troschelii

***Abudefduf troschelii***, the **Pacific sergeant major** or **Panama sergeant major**, is a species of damselfish belonging to the family Pomacentridae that can be identified by the highly visable black stripes on the sides of the fish. Its specific name honors the zoologist Franz Hermann Troschel (1810–1882). It is native to the neritic pelagic zone of the shallow water coral reefs in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and they are an omnivorous (mesat and vegetable eating) species feeding on plankton and algae attached to their coral habitat. *Abudefduf troschelii* is a sister-species of *A. saxatilis*. Males, like in many other marine species, take care of and defend newborn *A. troschelii* after they have been hatched by eggs from the female. There are currently no major threats to the species and there is no indication of a current decline in its population size. The IUCN Red List lists this damselfish as being of “least concern”.

## References
Rich Men North of Richmond

"**Rich Men North of Richmond**" is a song by American folk singer Oliver Anthony. It was released in August 2023. The song became very popular fast. It was the number 1 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. This means that Anthony is the first artist to do this without Billboard success before.

## The song 
The song was first uploaded to YouTube on August 8, 2023. It had 5&nbsp;million views in three days. Anthony self-recorded songs on his cell phone before. "Rich Men North of Richmond" was Anthony's first professional song. The song lyrics mentioned working long hours, but not being payed much.

In a video explaining his songwriting, Anthony said that his lyrics are attempting to speak for the working class and that he aspires to be a "voice for those people", noting that "whatever it is they're doing, they can't quite get ahead". Anthony has described his politics as "dead center". The song was played at a debate for the Republican presidential primary. Anthony said he did not like this because the song critiques them.

## Success of the song 
"Rich Men North of Richmond" was at the number one spot on *Billboard* Hot 100 on August 26, 2023, with 147,000 downloads and 17.5 million streams that week.

## Charts 
## References
Eesti Pank

**Eesti Pank** (Estonian Bank) is the central bank of the Republic of Estonia. It was started in 1919.  Before that there was a branch of the State Bank of the Russian Empire started in Tallinn in 1875. Eesti Pank took over its building.  The bank organised printing the notes and coins of the Estonian mark. In 1928 the Estonian kroon took the place of the mark. The bank managed the new currency.  It was on the gold standard.  The bank had branches in other Estonian cities.

In 1940, Eesti Pank was nationalized and reorganized into the Estonian republican office of the State Bank of the Soviet Union  Estonian kroons were changed for rubles.

In 1989 the Eesti Pank was started again as an independent issuing bank. It also gave operating licenses to the 42 commercial banks in Estonia.

At the beginning of 2011, Estonia was the seventeenth country to adopt the euro.  The Eesti Pank became one of the central banks of the Eurozone.   The purpose of Eesti Pank is to help maintain price stability in the euro area. The uniform monetary policy of the euro area helps to keep prices stable.

## References