April 28

## Events
### Up to 1950 
*357 &ndash; Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.
*1192 &ndash; Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem.
*1220 &ndash; The foundation stone is laid for Salisbury Cathedral in Salisbury, England.
*1253 &ndash; Nichiren Buddhism is founded.
*1503 &ndash; The Battle of Cerignola is fought. It is the first battle won by small arms using gunpowder.
*1611 &ndash; Founding of the University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines, the largest Roman Catholic university in the world.
*1788 &ndash; Maryland becomes the 7th US State.
*1789 &ndash; Mutiny on the Bounty by Fletcher Christian: Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are cast adrift in a boat, reaching the island of Tofua on the same day, while Christian sails to Tonga.
*1792 &ndash; The French Revolutionary Wars begin.
*1796 &ndash; The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean Sea coast.
*1869 &ndash; Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the first transcontinental railroad lay 10 miles of track in one day.
*1877 &ndash; The Stamford Bridge stadium in London, is opened, for use as an athletics stadium, though it later becomes the home ground of Chelsea FC.
*1885 &ndash; Buddhism: Ceylon's first Vesakh celebration is held. The international Buddhist flag is hoisted for the first time.
*1902 &ndash; Manchester United F.C. comes into being, through a name change to avoid the bankruptcy of Newton Heath F.C.
*1903 &ndash; An earthquake in Turkey kills 2,200 people.
*1908 &ndash; World Esperanto Association is founded.
*1910 &ndash; Frenchman Louis Paulham wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race, the first long–distance aeroplane race in England.
*1920 &ndash; Azerbaijan is taken over by Soviet Russia.
*1923 &ndash; London's Wembley Stadium is opened.
*1930 &ndash; The first night game in baseball is held in Independence, Kansas.
*1932 &ndash; A vaccine for yellow fever is announced for use on humans.
*1944 &ndash; World War II: Nine German bombers attack US and UK units while they rehearsed for the Normandy landings. 946 people are killed.
*1945 &ndash; World War II: Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are executed.
*1945 &ndash; World War II: The city of Augsburg surrenders to US forces.
*1947 &ndash; Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki expedition of the Pacific Ocean begins in Callao, Peru. This is to prove his theory of Polynesia being settled from South America.
*1948 &ndash; Igor Stravinsky conducts the first performance of his American ballet, Orpheus, in New York City.
*1949 &ndash; Former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon is assassinated.
*1950 &ndash; Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej marries Queen Sirikit.

### From 1951 
*1952 &ndash; Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO.
*1952 &ndash; US occupation of Japan officially ends.
*1952 &ndash; The Second Sino-Japanese War officially ends.
*1965 &ndash; US troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall the establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate US troops.
*1967 &ndash; Cassius Clay (now Muhammad Ali) is stripped of his boxing titles, after saying that he would not join United States Military operations in Vietnam. The titles are later re–instated.
*1969 &ndash; Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France.
*1975 &ndash; South Vietnamese President Tran Van Huong resigns after a week in office, and flees, as the Vietnam War is in its final stages.
*1977 &ndash; Red Army Faction members Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe are found guilty of murder.
*1978 &ndash; President of Afghanistan Mohammed Daoud Khan is overthrown and killed by pro–Communist rebels.
*1986 &ndash; United States Navy aircraft carrier USS *Enterprise* becomes the first nuclear–powered aircraft carrier to travel through the Suez Canal, from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to relieve the USS *Coral Sea*.
*1986 &ndash; The Soviet Union admits that there was a nuclear accident at Chernobyl on April 26, after scientists in Finland and Sweden detected unusually high levels of radiation in the air.
*1988 &ndash; Near Maui, Hawaii, flight attendant Clarabelle Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death, when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid–flight.
*1994 &ndash; Former CIA counter–intelligence officer and analyst Adrian Ames pleads guilty to leaking US secrets to the Soviet Union and Russia.
*1996 &ndash; In Tasmania, Australia, Martin Bryant goes on a shooting spree, killing 35 people.
*2001 &ndash; Millionaire Dennis Tito becomes the first space tourist.
*2002 &ndash; The Green Party of Pakistan is formed.
*2008 &ndash; A train collision in Shandong, China, kills 72 people, and injures 416.
*2008 &ndash; Hong Kong Disneyland opens.
*2010 &ndash; Then–Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Gordon Brown apologises after being recorded referring to a 66–year–old voter as a "bigoted woman" during the General Election campaign.
*2013 &ndash; Enrico Letta becomes Prime Minister of Italy, after political deadlock following an inconclusive election two months earlier. At the same time, two police officers are injured in a shooting outside the Prime Minister's office.
*2019 &ndash; Spain holds an early general election: The Socialist Party of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez is the largest party on 29%; the far–right Vox party enters parliament for the first time.

## Births
### Up to 1900 
*32 &ndash; Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman Emperor (d. 69)
*1402 &ndash; Nezahualcoyotl, ruler, philosopher and poet in Pre–Columbian Central America (d. 1472)
*1442 &ndash; Edward IV of England (d. 1483)
*1545 &ndash; Yi Sun-sin, Korean military leader and admiral (d. 1598)
*1612 &ndash; Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1646)
*1630 &ndash; Charles Cotton, English poet (d. 1687)
*1652 &ndash; Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt, German composer (d. 1712)
*1686 &ndash; Michael Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1721)
*1715 &ndash; Frank Sparry, Austrian composer (d. 1767)
*1753 &ndash; Frank Karl Achard, German naturalist (d. 1821)
*1758 &ndash; James Monroe, 5th President of the United States (d. 1831)
*1761 &ndash; Marie Harel, French cheesemaker (d. 1844)
*1765 &ndash; Sylvestre François Lacroix, French mathematician (d. 1834)
*1774 &ndash; Francis Baily, English astronomer (d. 1844)
*1788 &ndash; Charles Robert Cockerell, English architect and archaeologist (d. 1863)
*1795 &ndash; Charles Sturt, English explorer of Australia (d. 1861)
*1819 &ndash; Ezra Abbot, American scholar (d. 1884)
*1831 &ndash; Peter Tait, Scottish physicist (d. 1901)
*1838 &ndash; Tobias Asser, Dutch jurist (d. 1913)
*1842 &ndash; Prince Gaston, Count of Eu, Prince and Brazilian marshal (d. 1922)
*1848 &ndash; Ludvig Schytte, Danish composer, pianist and teacher (d. 1909)
*1868 &ndash; Lucy Booth, Indian songwriter and commander (d. 1953)
*1868 &ndash; Georgy Voronoy, Russian mathematician (d. 1908)
*1869 &ndash; C. C. Young, 26th Governor of California (d. 1947)
*1874 &ndash; Karl Kraus, Austrian journalist and writer (d. 1936)
*1876 &ndash; Nicola Romeo, Italian automobile engineer and entrepreneur (d. 1938)
*1878 &ndash; Lionel Barrymore, American actor (d. 1954)
*1886 &ndash; Art Shaw, American hurdler (d. 1955)
*1888 &ndash; Walter Tull, English footballer (d. 1918)
*1889 &ndash; Antonio Oliveira de Salazar, Portuguese political leader (d. 1970)
*1891 &ndash; Charles Patton, American blues guitarist (d. 1934)
*1896 &ndash; Na Hye-sok, Korean writer, painter, educator and journalist (d. 1948)
*1897 &ndash; Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician (d. 1986)
*1898 &ndash; Grantley Herbert Adams, Barbadian politician (d. 1971)
*1900 &ndash; Jan Oort, Dutch astronomer (d. 1992)

### 1901 &ndash; 1950 
*1901 &ndash; Henry Stallard, Belgian middle–distance runner (d. 1973)
*1902 &ndash; Johan Borgen, Norwegian writer (d. 1979)
*1906 &ndash; Kurt Gödel, Austrian mathematician (d. 1978)
*1906 &ndash; Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor (d. 1999)
*1908 &ndash; Oskar Schindler, German industrialist and humanitarian (d. 1974)
*1912 &ndash; Odette Sansom Hallowes, French resistance worker (d. 1945)
*1916 &ndash; Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (d. 1993)
*1919 &ndash; Wally Stanowski, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
*1921 &ndash; Simin Daneshvar, Iranian writer and academic (d. 2012)
*1923 &ndash; William Guarnere, American sergeant (d. 2014)
*1924 &ndash; Dick Ayers, American comic book artist and cartoonist (d. 2014)
*1924 &ndash; Donatas Banionis, Lithuanian actor (d. 2014)
*1924 &ndash; Kenneth Kaunda, 1st President of Zambia
*1924 &ndash; Blossom Dearie, American jazz singer and pianist (d. 2009)
*1926 &ndash; Harper Lee, American writer and activist (d. 2016)
*1928 &ndash; Eugene Shoemaker, American astronomer (d. 1997)
*1928 &ndash; Yves Klein, French artist (d. 1962)
*1930 &ndash; James Baker, 61st United States Secretary of State
*1930 &ndash; Carolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983)
*1933 &ndash; Miodrag Radulovacki, Serbian–American scientist and inventor (d. 2014)
*1934 &ndash; Lois Duncan, American actress (d. 2016)
*1934 &ndash; Diane Johnson, American writer
*1936 &ndash; Tariq Aziz, Iraqi politician (d. 2015)
*1937 &ndash; Jean Redpath, Scottish singer (d. 2014)
*1937 &ndash; John White, Scottish footballer (d. 1964)
*1937 &ndash; Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (d. 2006)
*1938 &ndash; Fred Dibnah, English steeplejack and television personality (d. 2004)
*1941 &ndash; John Madejski, English businessman
*1941 &ndash; Ann-Margret, Swedish actress
*1941 &ndash; Karl Barry Sharpless, American chemist
*1941 &ndash; Iryna Zhylenko, Ukrainian poet
*1942 &ndash; Mike Brearley, English cricketer
*1943 &ndash; Jacques Dutronc, French singer, songwriter, guitarist, composer and actor
*1943 &ndash; Bob Siebert, American jazz musician and composer
*1943 &ndash; Yoav Talmi, Israeli conductor and composer
*1943 &ndash; Jeffrey Tate, English musical director and conductor
*1944 &ndash; Günter Verheugen, German politician
*1944 &ndash; Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberge, Belgian politician in Wallonia
*1946 &ndash; Nour El-Sherif, Egyptian actor (d. 2015)
*1947 &ndash; Nicola LeFanu, English composer and academic
*1948 &ndash; Terry Pratchett, English writer (d. 2015)
*1948 &ndash; Marcia Strassman, American actress (d. 2014)
*1949 &ndash; Paul Guilfoyle, American actor
*1949 &ndash; Bruno Kirby, American actor (d. 2006)
*1950 &ndash; Jay Leno, American comedian and showmaster
*1950 &ndash; Steve Rider, English sports broadcaster

### 1951 &ndash; 1975 
*1952 &ndash; Chuck Leavell, American keyboardist
*1952 &ndash; Mary McDonnell, American actress
*1953 &ndash; Kim Gordon, American singer
*1954 &ndash; Jimmy Barnes, Australian singer
*1954 &ndash; Tom McCabe, Scottish politician (d. 2015)
*1954 &ndash; Mary Jo Randle, English actress
*1958 &ndash; Kenny MacAskill, Scottish politician
*1959 &ndash; Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (d. 2011)
*1960 &ndash; Ian Rankin, Scottish crime fiction writer
*1960 &ndash; Elena Kagan, United States Supreme Court Justice
*1960 &ndash; Walter Zenga, Italian footballer
*1960 &ndash; Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Icelandic strength athlete (d. 1993)
*1961 &ndash; Anna Oxa, Italian singer
*1964 &ndash; L'Wren Scott, American fashion designer and model (d. 2014)
*1964 &ndash; Stephen Ames, Canadian golfer
*1966 &ndash; Ali-Reza Pahlavi, Iranian royal (d. 2011)
*1966 &ndash; John Daly, American golfer
*1966 &ndash; Too Short, American rapper, producer and actor
*1968 &ndash; Howard Donald, English singer, musician and producer (Take That)
*1968 &ndash; Andy Flower, Zimbabwean cricketer
*1970 &ndash; Diego Simeone, Argentine footballer
*1971 &ndash; Bridget Moynahan, American actress
*1972 &ndash; Anita Anand, English television and radio journalist
*1972 &ndash; Joseph Bruce, American actor, rapper, producer and wrestler
*1973 &ndash; Pauleta, Portuguese footballer
*1973 &ndash; Ian Murdock, American software engineer (d. 2015)
*1973 &ndash; Jorge Garcia, American actor
*1974 &ndash; Penélope Cruz, Spanish actress
*1974 &ndash; Vernon Kay, British radio and television presenter
*1974 &ndash; Margo Dydek, Polish basketball player (d. 2011)

### From 1976 
*1977 &ndash; Thorstein Helstad, Norwegian footballer
*1978 &ndash; Lauren Laverne, British radio and television presenter
*1980 &ndash; Josh Howard, American basketball player
*1980 &ndash; Bradley Wiggins, British cyclist
*1981 &ndash; Jessica Alba, American actress
*1981 &ndash; Pietro Travagli, Italian rugby player
*1981 &ndash; Ilary Blasi, Italian actress and model
*1981 &ndash; Alex Riley, American wrestler
*1982 &ndash; Nikki Grahame, English television personality
*1982 &ndash; Harry Shum, Jr., Costa Rican actor and dancer
*1983 &ndash; Roger Johnson, English footballer
*1984 &ndash; Dmitri Torbinski, Russian footballer
*1985 &ndash; Lukas Jakubczyk, German sprinter and long jumper
*1985 &ndash; Louise Pentland, English vlogger, blogger, YouTuber and writer
*1986 &ndash; Roman Polak, Czech ice hockey player
*1986 &ndash; Jennifer Palm Lundberg, Swedish model
*1986 &ndash; Jenna Ushkowitz, Korean–American actress
*1987 &ndash; Zoran Tosic, Serbian footballer
*1987 &ndash; Daequan Cook, American basketball player
*1988 &ndash; Juan Mata, Spanish footballer
*1988 &ndash; Spencer Hawes, American basketball player
*1989 &ndash; Kim Sung-kyu, South Korean singer and actress
*1991 &ndash; Jordan Robinson, English footballer
*1994 &ndash; Izzy Bizu, English singer
*1995 &ndash; Melanie Martinez, American singer and songwriter

## Deaths
### Up to 1900 
*1074 &ndash; Sweyn II of Denmark (b. 1019)
*1192 &ndash; Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem
*1489 &ndash; Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, English politician
*1530 &ndash; Niklaus Manuel Deutsch I, Swiss polymath (b. 1484)
*1695 &ndash; Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet (b. 1621)
*1716 &ndash; Louis de Montfort, French priest and saint (b. 1673)
*1721 &ndash; Mary Reid, English pirate (b. 1685)
*1741 &ndash; Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general and statesman (b. 1668)
*1772 &ndash; Johann Christian Struensee, physician (b. 1737)
*1781 &ndash; Cornelius Harnett, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1723)
*1799 &ndash; Matthew Griswold, Governor of Connecticut (b. 1714)
*1802 &ndash; Richard Howell, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1754)
*1813 &ndash; Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (b. 1745)
*1851 &ndash; Edward Codrington, English admiral (b. 1770)
*1853 &ndash; Ludwig Tieck, German writer (b. 1773)
*1865 &ndash; Samuel Cunard, Canadian–British shipping magnate (b. 1787)
*1881 &ndash; Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, French sculptor and photographer (b. 1818)
*1883 &ndash; Jack Russell, English parson, hunter and dog breeder (b. 1795)
*1885 &ndash; Conrad Baker, Governor of Indiana (b. 1817)

### 1901 &ndash; 2000 
*1905 &ndash; Fitzhugh Lee, American politician, 40th Governor of Virginia (b. 1835)
*1909 &ndash; Frederick Holbrook, Governor of Vermont (b. 1813)
*1918 &ndash; Gavrilo Princip, Bosnian–Serb assassin (b. 1894)
*1934 &ndash; Charley Patton, American blues musician (b. 1891)
*1936 &ndash; King Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868)
*1944 &ndash; Frank Knox, American politician (b. 1874)
*1945 &ndash; Benito Mussolini, Italian Fascist dictator (b. 1883)
*1945 &ndash; Clara Petacci, Italian mistress to Benito Mussolini (b. 1912)
*1946 &ndash; Louis Bachelier, French mathematician (b. 1875)
*1949 &ndash; Aurora Quezon, First Lady of the Philippines (b. 1888)
*1954 &ndash; Leon Jouhaux, French Labor leader (b. 1879)
*1964 &ndash; Milton Margai, 1st Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (b. 1895)
*1970 &ndash; Ed Begley, American actor (b. 1901)
*1973 &ndash; Jacques Maritain, French philosopher (b. 1882)
*1973 &ndash; Clas Thunberg, Finnish speed skater (b. 1893)
*1976 &ndash; Richard Hughes, American writer (b. 1900)
*1977 &ndash; Sepp Herberger, German footballer and coach (b. 1897)
*1978 &ndash; Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (b. 1909)
*1981 &ndash; Steve Currie, American musician (b. 1947)
*1992 &ndash; Francis Bacon, Irish painter (b. 1909)
*1992 &ndash; Iceberg Slim, American writer (b. 1918)
*1993 &ndash; Jim Valvano, American basketball player, coach and broadcaster (b. 1946)
*1998 &ndash; Jerome Bixby, American writer and screenwriter (b. 1923)
*1999 &ndash; Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist (b. 1921)
*2000 &ndash; Penelope Fitzgerald, English writer (b. 1916)
*2000 &ndash; Jerzy Einhorn, Polish–Swedish physician, researcher and politician (b. 1925)

### From 2001 
*2002 &ndash; Alexander Lebed, Russian general and politician (b. 1950)
*2005 &ndash; Chris Candido, American professional wrestler (b. 1972)
*2007 &ndash; Dabbs Greer, American actor (b. 1917)
*2007 &ndash; Carl Friedrich von Weizsaecker, German physicist and philosopher (b. 1912)
*2009 &ndash; Ekaterina Maximova, Russian ballerina (b. 1939)
*2011 &ndash; Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (b. 1959)
*2012 &ndash; Matilde Camus, Spanish poet and writer (b. 1919)
*2013 &ndash; Janos Starker, Hungarian–American cellist (b. 1924)
*2014 &ndash; Ryan Tandy, Australian rugby league player (b. 1981)
*2014 &ndash; Jack Ramsay, American basketball coach (b. 1925)
*2014 &ndash; Edgar Laprade, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919)
*2014 &ndash; Dennis Kamakahi, American musician (b. 1953)
*2014 &ndash; Idris Sardi, Indonesian violinist and composer (b. 1938)
*2015 &ndash; Ashura Hara, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1947)
*2015 &ndash; Keith Harris, English ventriloquist (b. 1947)
*2015 &ndash; Xu Guangxian, Chinese chemist (b. 1920)
*2015 &ndash; Deng Minghe, Chinese actor (b. 2006)
*2015 &ndash; Michael J. Ingelido, American air force general (b. 1916)
*2015 &ndash; René Féret, French actor and director (b. 1945)
*2015 &ndash; Duri Camichel, Swiss ice hockey player (b. 1982)
*2015 &ndash; Jack Ely, American singer (b. 1943)
*2016 &ndash; Georg Kronawitter, German politician (b. 1928)
*2016 &ndash; Edward Ashmore, British naval officer (b. 1919)
*2016 &ndash; Conrad Burns, American politician (b. 1934)
*2016 &ndash; Jenny Diski, English writer (b. 1947)
*2016 &ndash; Igor Fesunenko, Russian journalist (b. 1933)
*2016 &ndash; René Hausman, Belgian writer and artist (b. 1936)
*2016 &ndash; Barry Howard, English actor (b. 1937)
*2016 &ndash; Ingram Olkin, American professor of statistics (b. 1924)
*2017 &ndash; Vito Acconci, American artist and architectural designer (b. 1940)
*2017 &ndash; Brazo de Oro, Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1959)
*2017 &ndash; Janelle Kirtley, American water skier (b. 1943)
*2017 &ndash; John Shifflett, American jazz musician (b. 1953)
*2017 &ndash; Chad Young, American cyclist (b. 1995)
*2018 &ndash; James H. Cone, American theologian (b. 1936)
*2018 &ndash; Alfie Evans, British child in parental rights case (b. 2016)
*2018 &ndash; Larry Harvey, American artist, philanthropist and activist (b. 1948)
*2018 &ndash; Art Paul, American graphic designer (b. 1925)
*2018 &ndash; Agildo Ribeiro, Brazilian actor (b. 1932)
*2018 &ndash; Art Shay, American photographer (b. 1922)
*2018 &ndash; Karl Toft, Canadian sex offender (b. 1936) 
*2018 &ndash; Eric Koch, German–Canadian writer, broadcaster and academic (b. 1919)
*2019 &ndash; Sylvia Bretschneider, German politician (b. 1960)
*2019 &ndash; Wayson Choy, Canadian writer (b. 1939)
*2019 &ndash; Damon Keith, American judge (b. 1922)
*2019 &ndash; Jo Sullivan Loesser, American actress (b. 1927)
*2019 &ndash; Richard Lugar, American politician, United States Senator for Indiana (b. 1932)
*2019 &ndash; Karol Modzelewski, Polish historian, writer, politician and academic (b. 1937)
*2019 &ndash; Menachem Mandel Taub, Israeli concentration camp survivor (b. 1923)

## Observances 
* Workers Memorial Day
* World Day for Safety and Health at Work
* National Heroes Day (Barbados)
* National Day (Sardinia)