open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ashna Mehta

**Ashna Mehta** (born 18 April 1996) is an Indian jewelry designer and entrepreneur. She co-founded the Dubai-based brand Bag Bijoux, known for high-end jewelry charms designed for luxury handbags. Her designs have been featured in international outlets such as Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar Arabia, Financial Times, and Page Six.

## Early life and education 
Mehta was born in Antwerp, Belgium, into the family of businessman Dilip Mehta, founder of Rosy Blue, a leading diamond conglomerate. She studied at New York University before moving to Dubai to assist her mother, designer Payal Mehta, in her atelier.

## Career 
In 2022, Mehta and her sister Aria founded Bag Bijoux, a Dubai-based jewellery brand specialising in gemstone charms designed for luxury handbags. The charms gained international recognition at the 2024 Ambani wedding, where they were spotted on Hermès Birkin and Kelly bags and subsequently went viral.

The brand’s official debut came during Paris Fashion Week at Lapérouse in collaboration with *Vogue*, later presented at Sotheby’s in Dubai and Paris. Harper’s Bazaar India profiled Mehta’s design approach in 2025, highlighting her “True Impression” collection inspired by artisanal craft. *Harper’s Bazaar Arabia* also featured her personal Birkin collection in a 2025 profile, describing her “sparkling legacy.”
## References
North Dakota House of Representatives

The **North Dakota House of Representatives** is the lower house of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly and is larger than the North Dakota Senate.

North Dakota is divided into between 40 and 54 legislative districts.

Representatives serve four-year terms. Every two years half the districts elect both their representatives by block voting.

## References
North Dakota Legislative Assembly

The **North Dakota Legislative Assembly** is the state legislature of the U.S. state of North Dakota. The Legislative Assembly is made up of two chambers, the lower North Dakota House of Representatives, with 94 representatives, and the upper North Dakota Senate, with 47 senators. 

Members of both houses are limited to two four-year terms since January 2023.

## References
North Dakota Senate

The **North Dakota State Senate** is the upper house of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly, smaller than the North Dakota House of Representatives. North Dakota is divided into between 40 and 54 legislative districts 

Senators serve four-year terms.

## References
Attorney General of Virginia

The **attorney general of Virginia** is an elected constitutional role that is an executive office in the government of Virginia. Attorneys general are elected for a four-year term. There are no term limits for this role.

## List of attorneys general
### Colonial Virginia
Source:

### Virginia (1776–1857)
### Civil War and Reconstruction
### Virginia (1874–present)
## References
American Psycho (book)

American Psycho is a 1991 satirical horror novel by Bret Easton Ellis. The story is about Patrick Bateman, a rich upper class investment banker living in Manhattan, New York, in the 1980s who lives a double life as a serial killer.

The narrative delves into themes of consumerism, narcissism, and the dehumanizing effects of a materialistic society. It also served as a commentary on the shallowness of the yuppie culture prevalent at the time. American Psycho gained attention for its graphic and explicit depictions of violence, which sparked controversy and divided opinions among readers. It has since become a notable work of literature, exploring the darker aspects of human nature and societal critique. It was later adapted into a film in 2000, starring Christian Bale as Patrick Bateman.

Bateman's violent impulses escalate, and he begins to target and brutally murder people, particularly women. He methodically plans his killings and revels in the details of his gruesome acts. The narrative becomes a disturbing exploration of Bateman's psyche as he descends further into madness and his actions become increasingly depraved. Throughout the story, Bateman's mental state deteriorates, and he struggles to maintain a semblance of normalcy in his interactions with others. However, his acquaintances and colleagues seem oblivious to his dark side, often mistaking him for other people or disregarding his confessions.

## Reference list
Saturday Disney

*Saturday Disney* is a long-running Australian children's television series that aired on Saturday mornings programming block from 27 January 1990 to 24 September 2016. It is trio of broadcasting with Seven Network (1990–2012), 7TWO (2012–2016), and 7flix (2016).
Australia's Funniest Home Videos

'''''Australia's Funniest Home Videos*** (***AFHV***, also known as ***Funniest Home Videos*** or simply ***The Video Show***, originally ***Graham Kennedy's Funniest Home Video Show*** in its first season and ***Australia's Funniest Home Video Show'''* until 2004) is an Australian television show on the Nine Network that presents home videos sent in by viewers. It is the Australian counterpart of *America's Funniest Home Videos'', which was also created by Vin Di Bona.

The show was shown from 29 March 1990 until 8 February 2014. Although Nine did not officially cancel the show, in 2015 they stated that they had no plans to produce new episodes.

## References
Combat Master Mobile

***Combat Master Mobile*** (formerly ***Combat Master Online***) is a free-to-play online first-person shooter game developed by American company Alfa Bravo Inc. It was originally released in October 2021 for Android and iOS devices, but was removed the following month due to copyright issues. The game was re-released in December of the same year. In April 2023, the game was released on Windows and macOS operating systems.
Hamburger Helper

**Hamburger Helper** is a boxed food product made by Eagle Foods. It consists of a dried carbohydrate (often pasta or rice, though potato has been used once), with powdered seasonings contained in a packet. It is mixed with ground beef ("hamburger"), water, milk, and sometimes mayonnaise to create a full one-dish meal. It was made by General Mills in 1971, in response to a meat shortage and rising meat prices.

## History
Crossover episode

A **Crossover** or Crossover episode is a story with characters from two or more different stories.

## Movie Crossovers 
Universal Studios, in the 1930s, made the movies Dracula, Frankenstein, The Wolf Man, and The Mummy. They then started making movies where the characters met each other. The Friday the Thirteenth movies also had a crossover with the Freddy Krueger movies. More recently the movie Spider-Man: No Way Home was a crossover between every Live action Spider-Man movie in the 21st Century. 

## Cartoons 
There was also a movie where The Jetsons meet The Flintstones. The Simpsons has had crossovers with The Critic, Futurama and Family Guy. The Jimmy Timmy Power Hour is a crossover between The Fairly OddParents and The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius. There was also a crossover between Phineas and Ferb and Milo Murphy's Law.

## Books 
Dr. Isaac Asimov also wrote crossovers between his Foundation series and his I, Robot sequels. Brandon Sanderson also writes crossovers in his Cosmere books. Rick Riordan has also written crossovers between his different Mythology books.

## Comics 
Comic books have used crossovers for a long time and used them to create groups like The Justice League and The Avengers.
Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes

***Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes*** is a 2010 Mystery comedy film release in August 27, 2010. It follows over Tom and Jerry, dressed as Sherlock Holmes and Watson, as they solve a mystery in London.

## Plot 
In London, Tom starts a detective agency, solving mysteries in the style of Sherlock Holmes. One day, he discovered that the world’s longest diamond has been stolen. Jerry, who is a character of Watson, recruits Tom to help him solve the case, with the help him his own ompatistic and rebellious nephew, Tuffy.

Tom and Jerry’s first stop is we spike has a store of knickknacks. Spike explains that he hasn’t seen the diamond, but he had an old friend of his:  meathead, who had been a part-time pal of his store. With this, Tom and Jerry, look off for the second clue. The first clue is with the queen of Buckingham Palace , who says to that actually, she owns the diamond. Tom and Jerry get the scent of licking in her fingerprint, but end up being kidnapped by meathead, who throws them into a giant box. 

After escaping the box, Tom and Jerry are surprised to learn that the diamond is being found. Excited, they report the finding Tuffy, but Tuffy reveals to them that actually,  meathead was spikes, trusted assistant. They suddenly hear, meathead, leaving in a force carriage and give Chase. They find spike, knocked out with a bump on his head.  When Spike awakens, he explains to him that while Ty was out visiting his  grandfather, he was ambushed and knocked out  and his store was trashed. Recognizing that meathead must be responsible, Tom and Jerry chase after him, but eventually, they lose sight of him. Tom decides to give up, but Jerry, manages to console him.

eventually, they catch up to him at Buckingham Palace with Spike, finding him having captured the queen. The queen, much to her gratitude, and eventually reveal as a fraud. Appears, having learned the news along with his grandfather, and bites, meet him in the behind. They get into a chase with meathead to find the diamond, but eventually, Tom and meathead end up falling down a waterfall, just like Sherlock Holmes had done in his final story. Jerry worries about his dear friend, but it turns out that Tom had survived the fall, while meathead had ended up falling into a barrel, half full with water, with Tom holding the diamond and holding onto a branch.  Meathead ends up being arrested by the queen, who thanks Tom and Jerry for their assistance.

At the end, it turns out to the entire story was actually Tom and Jerry, who made it. However, Spike is angry that he didn’t get to do anything in the tale, causing him to chase, and Tom chasing Jerry.

## Voice cast 
* Spike Brandt (uncredited) as Tom Cat and Jerry Mouse
* Michael York as Sherlock Holmes
* Malcolm McDowell as Professor Moriarty
* John Rhys-Davies as Dr. Watson
* Grey DeLisle as Red
* Kath Soucie as Tuffy
* Jeff Bergman as Butch and Droopy
* Phil LaMarr as Spike and Policeman
* Greg Ellis as Tin and Sergeant
* Jess Harnell as Pan and Brett Jeremy
* Richard McGonagle as Alley and First Policeman

## Other websites 
*
Nokia Lumia

The **Nokia Lumia,** later rebranding into **Microsoft Lumia**, is a brand of mobile phones originally created by Nokia in October of 2011. The phone brand started with the Lumia 800 and the Lumia 710. 

## Devices 
Some of the earliest devices include:

### Lumia 800 
The Nokia Lumia 800 was the first phone in the series. It was released in November 2011. It was simmilar looking to most of the other Lumias despite being the first.

### Lumia 710 
The Lumia 710 had rounder edges than the Lumia 800 and was smaller in size. it was the first Nokia Lumia of 2012.

### Lumia 900 
The Lumia 900 was released along with the 610 in April of 2012. It had sharper edges than the 710 and looked more like the Lumia 800 than the 710.

### Lumia 610 
Along with the Lumia 900, the Lumia 610 was realeased in April of 2012. It had rounder edges than the Lumia 900 and was a little smaller than the Lumia 900.
4shbab

**4shbab** (arabic: فورشباب or فور شباب) is a Saudian-Egyptian Satellite television channel now owned by French-based Canal+. was an Arabic-language satellite television station headquartered in Cairo, Egypt and broadcast out of Bahrain.

## References
10 Late News

***10 Late News*** is an Australian late night television news program, broadcast on Network 10. It is known for *Ten Second Edition News* (1991–1993),  *Ten Late News* (1994–2013), and *Ten Eyewitness News Late* (2013–14). It aired first January 2, 1991 to September 30, 2011, second June 4, 2012 to May 23, 2013, and third since April 29, 2024.
Tom and Jerry: Spy Quest

***Tom and Jerry: Spy Quest*** is a 2015 animated direct-to-video comedy adventure movie released in June 2015.  The movie is a crossover between *Tom and Jerry* and Hanna-Barbera's *Jonny Quest.* It is about Tom and Jerry teaming up with Jonny Quest on a spy mission to stop the criminal Dr. Zin. 

## Plot 
The movie begins with a trip to the beach for Tom and Jerry, who soon get into a chase. On the same day, the duo meet Jonny Quest and Hadji, along with their dog Bandit. Tom fights off an evil cat army and sends them into hiding. Later, they meet Race Bannon, who takes them to Quest Labs, where they meet Jonny's father, Dr Benton Quest, who happens to have the Q sphere, a device that will solve the world's energy problems.

Meanwhile, Dr. Quest's archenemy, Dr. Zin, soon finds out about the device, and he sends his cats, Tin, Pan and Alley, to steal the device and kidnap Dr. Quest. That evening, Tom, Jerry, Bandit, Hadji, Dr. Quest, Jonny, and Race are having dinner. Tom is unhappy about only having a bowl of milk. He tries to get the steak from Bandit, which the dog isn't happy about, and is left hungry when he and everyone else go to bed for the night. Before heading for bed, he learns and memorizes the security code, which is 1-2-3-4.

The security system is unlocked as Tom helps himself to the food, and as a result, the cats easily break into the Quest Labs and abduct Dr. Quest along with Race and steal the device. Jonny Quest and Hadji wake up to see what has happened, rushing to the scene. They find the location where the cat army has taken Dr. Quest and Race and rush off to rescue them. They head to Zin's island, where Jonny and Hadji are captured by Zin's robots due to Tom's antics. However, Tom and Jerry escape.

Jerry decides to help them, and Tom, who didn’t want to help at first, joins the fight, where they help Dr. Quest, Jonny and Hadji escape and destroy the volcano that was going to attack the White House. Zin tries to escape on his escape pod, but it is stolen by his cats, who are tired of his abuse, forcing Zin to hold on to the pod. Tom, Jerry, Jonny, Hadji, Dr. Quest and Race escape from the island with Jade and Droopy. Afterwards, the President rewards Team Quest with a medal, with Tom chasing Jerry after he makes fun of Jerry's small medal.

## Voice cast 
* Spike Brandt as Tom, Jerry, Spike, Tyke, and Bandit (Uncredited)
* Reese Hartwig as Jonny Quest
* Eric Bauza as Dr. Benton Quest
* Michael Hanks as Race Bannon
* Tia Carrere as Jezebel Jade
* James Hong as Dr. Zin
* Joe Alaskey as Droopy
* Greg Ellis as Tin
* Jess Harnell as Pan
* Richard McGonagle as Alley
* Arnie Pantoja as Hadji
* Grey DeLisle as Carol
* Tim Matheson as The President

## Other websites 
*
Pampita

**Ana Carolina Ardohain** (Born, January 17, 1978), known artistically as **Pampita**, is an Argentine model, dancer and host.

Ardohain adopted the nickname "Pampita" as a diminutive of La Pampa, his native province.

## Personal life
From 2005 to 2015 she was in a relationship with the Chilean actor Benjamín Vicuña. They had four children: Blanca, born in 2006 in Santiago de Chile, Bautista, born in 2008 in Buenos Aires, Beltrán, born in 2012 in Santiago de Chile, and Benicio, born in 2014 in Santiago de Chile.

On September 8, 2012, Blanca suffered a stroke and died from hemorrhagic pneumonia. Blanca's death caused great commotion in the media of Argentina. From 2019 until September 2024 she was married to the politician and gastronomic businessman Roberto García Moritán with whom he had a daughter in 2021 named, Ana.

She is Catholic and often highlights her faith and religion in various interviews. "I am very Catholic and I surrender to God's designs and I trust that everything has been written before," she declared publicly in 2021. Ardohain also mentioned that she also instills Catholic values in her children.

## References
## Other websites
Presumption or the Fate of Frankenstein

Presumption or the Fate of Frankenstein is a play that Richard Brinsey Peake wrote in 1823. It’s loosely based on Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.

## Differences from the Book 
Victor Frankenstein worked alone in the book but the play gave him a sidekick named Fritz. It also had Victor shout “it lives” when The Monster comes to life. It had Elizabeth Frankenstein be Victor’s sister instead of his wife. It had The Monster be mute and it had Victor’s friend Henry Clerval alive at the end. It got rid of the narrator Captain Walton and it ended with Victor and the Monster killing each other.

## Reception 
Mary Shelley liked the play even though it was different from her book.

## Influence 
The 1931 movie Frankenstein took a lot of influence from the play including having Fritz be a character, having the Monster be mute and having Henry Frankenstein say “It’s alive! It’s alive!”
Davis Station

Davis Station is a research station in Antarctica. It is run by Australia. The station is on the coast of Antarctica, on the Ingrid Christensen Coast.

## History 
Davis Station was opened in 1957. It is one of three permanent Australian stations in Antarctica. The station is named after Captain John King Davis, who was a famous Antarctic explorer.

## Location and Climate 
Davis Station is near the coast, by the Vestfold Hills. The climate is very cold, and has an ice cap climate with temperatures in winter often below -20 degrees Celsius (-4 degrees Fahrenheit). In summer, the temperature can rise to just above freezing. 

## Purpose 
Scientists work at Davis Station all year. They study weather, animals, ice, and the environment. The station helps people learn about Antarctica and how it affects the world.

## Buildings and Life 
The station has many buildings for living, working, and research. People at Davis Station live in a close community. They have to be careful because of the cold and the strong winds.

## Transportation 
People and supplies come to Davis Station by ship or airplane during the summer. In winter, it is harder to travel because of ice and bad weather.
Multifaith

To be **multifaith** is to believe in more than one religion, philosophy or worldview or that none of them are better than any other. This is different to interfaith, which is the communication of different religions.

Multifaith is relativistic. Some followers of other beliefs are multifaith, including Confucianism, the Baháʼí Faith and the more liberal forms of Christianity, Islam and Judaism.

## Related pages
* Fundamentalism
* Multiculturalism

## References
Pierre Bertinotti

**Pierre Bertinotti** (born in September 1952 in Metz) is a French economist, civil servant, and Freemason. He is President of the Grand Orient de France since August 2025. 

## Biography 
Born in Metz, he studied at HEC Paris, Sciences Po, and the *École nationale supérieure des postes et télécommunications*. Pierre Bertinotti did a career in administration. He served as technical advisor to Pierre Bérégovoy at the Ministry of Finance and then as Comptroller General for Economy and Finance until 2018.

Pierre Bertinotti was also a Metz city councilor from 2001 to 2008 and currently runs a consulting firm. Since 2009, he has taught economics at CentraleSupélec and, since 2016, at the University of Lorraine.

In August 2025, he was elected Grand Master of the Grand Orient de France.

## References
Choceň

**Choceň** () is a town in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. About 8,600 people live there.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Nick Kellington

**Nicholas "Nick" Chee Ping Kellington** (born June 5, 1975) is a British actor and musician, best known for his work in children's shows and the new *Star Wars* films. He played Dipsy in the popular children's television series *Teletubbies* from 2015 to 2018 (voiced by Dipsy), taking over the role from John Simmit.
Pioneer species

]]
, avoiding local laurisilva competition]]
In some cases, a habitat changes drastically, for example, after a fire, or a volcanic eruption. Some species are very good at adapting to new conditions. Often they also have a good way of spreading over long distances. These species will then be among the first to grow in the new habitat. They are called **pinoeer species**. They colonize barren environments, or they repopulate distrupted biodiverse steady-state ecosystems as part of ecological succession. Various kinds of events can create good conditions for pioneers, including disruption by natural disasters, such as wildfire, flood, mudslide, lava flow or a climate-related extinction event, or by anthropogenic habitat destruction, such as through land clearance for agriculture or construction or industrial damage. Pioneer species play an important role in creating soil in primary succession, and stabilizing soil and nutrients in secondary succession.

Pioneer species quickly occupy distrupted spaces. For this reason, humans often see themn as weeds, or nuisance wildlife. Examples for this are the common dandelion or the stinging nettle. Some systems use introduced species to restore the ecosystem, The durability of pioneer species can also make them potential invasive species.

## References
McMurdo Station

**McMurdo Station** is a United States research station in Antarctica. It is the largest community on the continent and is located on Ross Island, near the Antarctic coast.

## Location 
McMurdo Station is on the southern tip of Ross Island, which is in McMurdo Sound. It is close to Mount Erebus, a large volcano. The station is about 3,500 kilometers (2,200 miles) south of New Zealand.

## History 
McMurdo Station was built in 1956 by the United States Navy. It was made as a supply base for scientific research in Antarctica. Since then, it has grown and now supports many science missions.

## Purpose 
The station is used for scientific research. Scientists study:
* Weather and climate
* Glaciers and ice
* Animals, like penguins and seals
* Space and astronomy

It also helps supply other research stations in Antarctica.

## People 
In the summer, about 1,000 people live at McMurdo Station. In the winter, only about 150 people stay. Most people are scientists, engineers, or support workers.

## Facilities 
McMurdo Station has:
*Dormitories (places to sleep)
*A dining hall
*A hospital
*Laboratories
*A fire station
*A small store and post office

It also has a nearby airfield on the ice for planes to land. Even though it is in Antarctica, McMurdo has ATMs, a bar, and a coffee shop for the people who live there.

## Climate 
McMurdo Station is very cold. It has an ice cap climate. In the summer, temperatures are around −2 °C (28 °F). In winter, it can be colder than −40 °C (−40 °F). There is no sunlight for several months in the winter.

## Day/night cycles 
McMurdo Station has four main light periods each year:
*Two times of 24-hour daylight (midnight sun)
*Two times of 24-hour darkness (polar night)

From April to August, there is no sunlight. This is called the polar night. The sun rises again in August and stays in the sky until October, when it sets briefly. After that, there is constant daylight from late October to February. In February, the sun sets again, and the cycle starts over. During the dark months, people at McMurdo can see stars and southern hemisphere constellations. McMurdo is at 77.85° South, which is south of the Antarctic Circle, but not as far south as the South Pole. So, unlike the South Pole (where it’s light for six months and dark for six months), McMurdo has some sunrises and sunsets during the year.

The sunlight changes during the year by this:
*September: Sun slowly rises
*December: Sun is high in the sky (summer)
*March: Sun sets again
*August to October: There is a normal day and night pattern
*Late October to February: 24-hour daylight
*April to August: 24-hour darkness
Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station

The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station is a United States research station at the South Pole in Antarctica. It is one of the most remote and extreme places where people live and work.

## Location 
The station is located at the Geographic South Pole, the southernmost point on Earth. It is on a thick sheet of ice called the Antarctic Plateau, about 2,800 meters (9,300 feet) above sea level.

## History 
The station was first built in 1956 by the United States Navy for scientific research during the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958). It has been used ever since. The current main building opened in 2008, replacing older structures. The station is named after Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, the first explorers to reach the South Pole in the early 1900s.

## Purpose 
Amundsen–Scott Station is used for science and research in many areas:
*Astronomy
*Climate and weather
*Glaciers and ice sheets
*Earth science
*Space and atmospheric studies

It is a good place for astronomy because the air is very dry and clear, with almost no light pollution.

## People 
In the summer, around 150 people live and work at the station. In the winter, only about 40–50 people stay. In winter, the station is completely cut off from the rest of the world.

## Facilities 
The station has:
*Living quarters
*A dining area
*Science labs
*A small gym
*A greenhouse
*Communication equipment

There is also a runway on the ice for planes to land during the summer.

## Climate 
 with the Aurora Australis (Southern Lights) at the Geographic South Pole and Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station.]]
The South Pole is extremely cold and has an ice cap climate. Temperatures can drop below −60 °C (−76 °F) in winter. Even in summer, it is often below freezing. It is one of the coldest and driest places on Earth. There is no daylight for about six months in winter, and no darkness for about six months in summer. During the winter months, the station is in complete darkness, and the temperature is too cold for planes to fly. The people staying must be completely self-sufficient until the sun and planes return in spring. During the polar night there, only the aurora australis (southern lights) can be seen there.
Casey Station

Casey Station is an Australian research station in Antarctica. It is one of three main stations operated by Australia on the continent. 

## Location 
Casey Station is on the coast of East Antarctica, in an area called Wilkes Land. It is located near Vincennes Bay on the Bailey Peninsula. The station is about 3,880 km (2,410 miles) south of Perth, Australia. Casey Station is the closest Antarctic station to Australia. It’s also one of the few stations in Antarctica connected by aeroplane flights from the mainland during summer.

## History 
The first Australian base in this area was called Wilkes Station, built by the United States in 1957 and later handed over to Australia. But because it was getting buried by snow, a new station—Casey Station—was built nearby. Casey Station officially opened in 1969. It is named after Richard Casey, an Australian politician and Governor-General.

## Purpose 
Casey Station is used for scientific research, including:
*Climate and weather
*Glaciers and ice movement
*Marine biology
*Atmospheric studies
*Environmental monitoring

Scientists and support staff work together to study how Antarctica affects global systems like weather and sea levels.

## People 
In the summer, around 120 people live at Casey Station. In the winter, the number drops to about 15 to 20. These people live and work in complete isolation during the coldest months.

## Facilities 
Casey Station has:
*Living quarters
*A mess hall (cafeteria)
*A medical center
*Laboratories
*Workshops

## Communication buildings 
There is also a short runway nearby called the Wilkins Aerodrome, used by aircraft in summer.

## Climate 
Casey Station has a cold and windy climate, and has an ice cap climate. Summer temperatures are usually around −1 °C (30 °F), while winter temperatures can fall below −20 °C (−4 °F). Strong winds and snowstorms are common. Casey experiences long daylight in summer and long nights in winter, but not complete 24-hour darkness like the South Pole.
Harshdeo Joshi

**Harshdeo Joshi** was an 18th-century Kumaoni statesman, diplomat, and strategist during the decline of the Chand dynasty in the Kumaon Kingdom. Known for political maneuvering, he became the de facto ruler of Kumaon.

## Career 
Joshi first gained prominence as an advisor to King Mohan Chand. He aligned with Jaikirti Shah of Garhwal but later repelled his attack; Jaikirti died during the conflict, after which Srinagar was sacked in an event known as **Joshyanaan**.

After Mohan Chand’s deposition, Joshi installed puppet Chand rulers such as Shiv Chand while retaining real power. He faced rivals including Lal Singh, Pradyumn Chand, and Parakram Shah, and at times sought refuge in Garhwal, Bareilly, and Awadh. Later, he corresponded with Nepal and received a *firman* from Ranbahadur Singh offering support against Kumaon, though his attempts to regain authority failed.

## Death and legacy 
Harshdeo Joshi likely died in exile, possibly in Bareilly or the Tarai. Despite being remembered for conspiracies and plunder, he is regarded as one of the most influential figures in Kumaoni politics.

## References
Telmatobius sibiricus

***Telmatobius sibiricus*** is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia.

## Home
Scientists saw this frog near streams in cloud forests high in the mountains and near small rivers in fields where cows eat grass. The scientists saw the frog between 2000 and 2900 meters above sea level. The frog spends most of its time on land.

Scientists saw this frog in two protected places: Parque Nacional Carrasco and Parque Nacional Amboró. Scientists last saw it in Parque Nacional Amboró in the late 20th century and they last saw it in Parque Nacional Carrasco before 2019.

## Danger
Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in very big danger of dying out, with no more than 249 adult frogs alive at the same time. Many of the frogs died at about the same time. Many frogs died even though they lived in places that human beings had not changed. Scientists think that the fungal disease chytridiomycosis killed the frogs because it has killed many other kinds of frogs that live in mountain streams and because they found the fungus *Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis* on some *T. sibiricus* frogs. Also, human beings change the places where the frogs live to get wood to build with and make farms. Bad chemicals in water can also kill this frog.

## References
Hackney Central railway station

A station on the Mildmay line of the London Overground, between Dalston Kingsland railway station and Homerton railway station, in Zone 2. 

## Location 
This station serves the Hackney Town Hall.

Connected to Hackney Downs railway station via a pedestrian walking.
Dalston Junction railway station

**Dalston Junction** is a train station on the Windrush line, located in Dalston, East London. Situated in Travelcard Zone 2, it is on the Kingsland Viaduct, at the crossroads of Dalston Lane, Kingsland Road and Balls Pond Road.
Gonçalo Guedes

**Gonçalo Manuel Ganchinho Guedes** (born 29 November 1996) is a Portuguese football player. He plays as a winger or forward for La Liga club Real Sociedad.

## References
Denis Zakaria

**Denis Lemi Zakaria Lako Lado** (born 20 November 1996) is a Swiss football player. He plays as a defensive midfielder for Monaco and the Switzerland national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Switzerland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Zakaria goal.''

## Honours
**Juventus**
*Coppa Italia runner-up: 2021–22

**Individual**
*Swiss Super League Young Player of the Year: 2016–17
*Swiss Super League Team of the Year: 2016–17

## References
## Other websites 
* 
*
Plchovice

**Plchovice** () is a municipality and village in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
Lalish

**Lalish** (, also known as **Lalişa Nûranî**) is a mountain valley and temple located in the Nineveh Plains, Iraq. It is the holiest temple of the Yazidis. It is the location of the tomb of the Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir, a central figure of the Yazidi faith. 

The temple is above the town of Shekhan, which had the second largest population of Yazidi prior to the persecution of Yazidis by ISIL. The temple is about sixty kilometers north of Mosul and 14 kilometers west from the village Ayn Sifna. The temple is built at about 861 meters above sea level and situated among three mountains, Hizrat in the west, Misat in the south and Arafat in the north.

At least once in their lifetimes, Yazidis are expected to make a six-day pilgrimage to Lalish to visit the tomb of Şêx Adî and other sacred places. Below Sheikh Adi's sanctuary, which also includes the tomb of Sheikh Hesen is situated a cave. which is celebrated between 6th and 13th of October.
Ain Sifni

**Ain Sifni** (, , ) also known as **Shekhan** (), is a city in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. It is in the Shekhan District in the Nineveh Plains. Ain Sifni is largely populated by Yazidis, most of whom speak Kurmanji Kurdish.

## Notes
## References
Tülay Hatimoğulları

**Tülay Hatimoğulları Oruç** (born 1977) is a Turkish linguistic rights activist and politician. She is the co-chair of the Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party and a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

## Early life and education 
Tülay Hatimoğulları Oruç was born in 1977 in Samandağ, Hatay in an Arab Alawite family. She studied economics at Anadolu University. She speaks fluent Arabic and Turkish.

## Political career 
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Her adherence to political socialism defined itself during high school. In the parliamentary elections of June 2018 she was elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey representing the Adana Province for the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). On the 17 March 2021, the Turkish state prosecutor before the Court of Cassation, Bekir Şahin filed a lawsuit at the Constitutional Court demanding for her and 686 other politicians a five-year ban for political activities. 

### Political views 
As the co-chair of the Religion and Faith Commission of the HDP, she defends the protection of the cultural rights of the minorities in Turkey according to the Treaty of Lausanne from 1923. She opposed the deployment of Turkish troops to Libya. She is also on the view that Kurdistan exists, which in November 2021 prompted a trilateral discussion between her, fellow HDP Politician Garo Paylan, and the Turkish Defense Minister Hulusi Akar who denied the existence of a Kurdistan, be it in Turkey or Iraq. When in May 2022 several performances of Kurdish artists were banned, she demanded an information whether there existed an order from the Turkish Government banning such performances.

Oruç criticizes the contact ban imposed on Abdullah Öcalan, the leader of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), and calls for his release, and also identifies the "Kurdish problem" and the "Palestinian problem" as two significant challenges in the region that democratic confederalism can potentially resolve.

### Linguistic rights 
Hatimoğulları has been an advocate for linguistic rights, shaped in part by her own experiences as an Arabic speaker in Turkey. She has shared that she learned Turkish only at the age of seven and faced difficulties in primary school due to her limited proficiency in the language. Following the 1980 coup, she recalled that teachers assigned to her region often prioritized teaching Turkish through strict and harsh methods. These experiences fostered her empathy toward the Kurdish community, who faced similar challenges regarding their language rights. Later in life, Hatimoğulları became involved in Arabic-language theater and music, but she and her peers faced pressure and legal challenges for performing in their mother tongue. This further strengthened her solidarity with the Kurdish freedom movement, from which she has said Arab socialists like herself learned the importance of organizing to protect their language and identity.

## Personal life 
She was raised in an Arab household and identifies as a feminist and an Alawite.
## Reference
Roundabout (TV program)

***Roundabout*** (which debuted as *Morning Magazine*) is an Australian morning television program which aired from 1967 to 1971 on ATV-0.
Baa, Baa, Black Sheep

**Baa, Baa, Black Sheep** is a popular nursery rhyme, originally published in 1744. The modern lyrics is as follows:

:Baa baa black sheep
:Have you any wool?
:Yes sir, yes sir!
:Three bags full!

:One for the master,
:One for the dame.
:And one for the little boy
:Who lives down the lane.

The song teaches kids about giving things to other peoples. The rhyme was probably based on the time when slavery wool taxes were too low. It has a similar melody to the ABC song and Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.
Coffee Stain North

**Coffee Stain North** (formerly **Gone North Games**) Is a Swedish game studio owned by Coffee Stain Holding. Coffee Stain North is known for the goat simulator series and for A Story About My Uncle. The studio was renamed to Coffee Stain North when it merged with Coffee Stain Studios.

## Games 
### A Story About My Uncle 
A Story About My Uncle is an adventure game made in 2012. It was developed by Gone North Games and published by Coffee Stain Studios. It was the studios first game.

### Goat Simulator 
While created by Coffee Stain Studios, the DLC's were co developed by Gone North Games. Goat simulator was realeased in 2014 and the last DLC was created in 2016.

### Goat Simulator 3 
After becoming a subsidiary of Coffee Stain Holding, they started developing Goat simulator 3. It was finally realeased in 2022 and published by Coffee Stain Publishing.

### Goat Simulator: Remastered 
Goat simulator remastered was created in 2024 by Coffe Stain North and was a remastered version of Goat Simulator with updated graphics.
Coffee Stain Studios

**Coffee Stain Studios** is a Swedish game studio known for creating the games Satisfactory, Sanctum, and Goat Simulator. They are also known for publishing A Story About My Uncle. They are one of the many companies owned by Coffee Stain Holding. They gained popularity in 2014 due to many people playing their game Goat Simulator. After this, they started creating DLC's for Goat Simulator.
Latheefa Koya

**Latheefa Beebi Koya** (born 4 February 1973), also known as **Kak Lat**, is a Malaysian politician, lawyer and human rights activist. She was the fifth Chief Commissioner of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) from June 2019 to March 2020.

She was a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR) and sat on its central executive committee. She was the first woman and first non-Malay to become Chief Commissioner of MACC.

## References
Bettegney-Saint-Brice

**Bettegney-Saint-Brice** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Vosges department in northeast France.

## References
Crystal Palace railway station

**Crystal Palace** is an interchange station in the boundary of Travelcard Zone 3 and Travelcard Zone 4. It is located after a move from Hyde Park to Streatham Hill in Anerley in the London Borough of Bromley, in south-east London. 

## Services 
Services are provided by London Overground Windrush line and Southern. It also serves the London Borough of Southwark.

## Situation 
It is one of the four Windrush line terminal stations, along from Battersea Park, serving the station. All services, except some, start/terminate at Highbury & Islington station.

## History 
The station was opened in 1868 on the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. 

### 1880s 
On 3 March 1891, the line was extended to London Bridge station via Forest Hill railway station.

### 1950s 
On 16 October 1954, the station was rebuilt to make extension to Balham station in 1956. 

### Demolishment 
The line was rebuilt to make demolishment of the closed Sydenham Court Tennis in 1959.

### East London Line 
Crystal Palace is now a southern terminus of the Windrush line on the East London Line Extension replacing the London Underground East London Line 23 May 2010. The next Windrush line station is Sydenham railway station to the north. 

## Platforms 
Crystal Palace serve the following platforms.

* Platform 1 for Southern services via Streatham Hill railway station
* Platform 2 for Southern services to Beckenham Junction station and West Croydon station
* Platform 3 for London Overground (Windrush line) services to Highbury & Islington station, and some from platform 5 (from 06:47 to 09:32 and from 16:02 to 18:47).
* Platform 4 for Southern services via Tulse Hill railway station
* Platform 6 for Southern services via Forest Hill railway station
Khanke

**Khanke**  (also written **Khanik** or **Khanek** , ) is a town located in the Simele District of the Duhok Governorate in Kurdistan Region. The town is located ca.  southwest of Duhok.

Khanke is populated by Yazidis.
Aleš Kotalík

**Aleš Kotalík** (born 23 December 1978) is a Czech former professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of nine seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Buffalo Sabres, Edmonton Oilers, New York Rangers, and Calgary Flames. He also played for HC České Budějovice and HC Bílí Tygři Liberec in the Czech Extraliga (ELH).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Kotalík played four seasons with HC České Budějovice of the Czech Extraliga (ELH).

He was drafted 164th overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1998 NHL entry draft. He spent time playing between the Sabres and their AHL-affiliate Rochester Americans. On November 12, 2001, the Sabres called Kotalík up and he made his NHL debut in a 5-3 win against the Florida Panthers. During the game, he recorded his first point in the NHL when he assisted on a Curtis Brown goal. On March 19, 2002, he recorded his first goal in the NHL in a 5-1 win against the Ottawa Senators. He went on to play parts of seven seasons with the Sabres.

On 4 March 2009, the Sabres traded Kotalík to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for a 2009 second round pick. He finished the season with them and played 19 games, scoring 7 goals and 4 assists.

On 9 July, Kotalík signed a three-year, $9 million contract to join the New York Rangers. He played 45 games with the Rangers before being scratched because of poor performance.

On 1 February 2010, the Rangers traded Kotalík along with Chris Higgins to the Calgary Flames in exchange for Olli Jokinen and Brandon Prust. He played 52 games over two seasons with the Flames before they waived him and he was sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Abbotsford Heat. He played 25 games with the Heat.

On 25 June, the Flames traded Kotalík along with Robyn Regehr and a 2012 second round pick to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Paul Byron and Chris Butler. On 24 September 2011, the Sabres placed him on waivers. Kotalík instead decided to return to the Czech Republic and play for HC České Budějovice again.

He played until 2013 and then retired from playing professional ice hockey.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Alexei Emelin

**Alexei Vyacheslavovich Emelin** (born 25 April 1986) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman. He is currently an unrestricted free agent. He played parts of seven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Montreal Canadiens and Nashville Predators. He also played for Lada Togliatti, Ak Bars Kazan, Avangard Omsk, Dinamo Minsk, and Spartak Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Emelin played three seasons with Lada Togliatti of the Russian Superleague (RSL) and four seasons with Ak Bars Kazan of the RSL/Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). 

He was drafted 84th overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2004 NHL entry draft. On 17 May 2011, Emelin signed a one-year, two-way contract to join the Montreal Canadiens. On 9 October, Emelin made his NHL debut in a 5–1 win against the Winnipeg Jets. On 6 December, Emelin recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Brian Gionta goal in a 3-2 shootout loss to the Columbus Blue Jackets. On January 25, 2012, Emelin scored is first NHL goal in a 7-2 win against the Detroit Red Wings. On 30 June, Emelin signed a two-year extension to stay with the Canadiens. On 6 April 2013, Emelin's season ended after he suffered a torn ligament in his left knee when he landed awkwardly on the ice from a hit by Bruins forward Milan Lucic. On 31 October, Emelin signed a four-year contract extension to stay with the Canadiens.

On 21 June 2017, the Canadiens allowed Emelin to be selected by the Vegas Golden Knights in the 2017 NHL expansion draft but he did not play a game for them. On 1 July, the Golden Knights traded Emelin to the Nashville Predators in exchange for a 2019 third-round pick. He played 76 games with the Predators and scored one goal.

On 2 September 2018, Emelin returned to Russia after signing a three-year contract with Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He played parts of four seasons with the team.

on 26 July 2022, Emelin signed a one-year contract to join Dinamo Minsk. He was selected to represent the team as their captain and played 38 games with them.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Adam Boqvist

**Adam Boqvist** (born 15 August 2000) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Columbus Blue Jackets, Florida Panthers, and Brynäs IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

## Career
Before playing in the NHL, Boqvist played 15 games with the Brynäs IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and one season with the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL).

He was drafted 16th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2018 NHL entry draft. On November 2, 2019, Boqvist made his NHL debut in a 4-3 overtime loss against the Los Angeles Kings. He recorded his first NHL goal in a 3–2 win against the Anaheim Ducks the next day. He played another season and a half with the team.

On 23 July 2021, Boqvist and two first-round picks were traded to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for Seth Jones and the Jackets' 2021 first-round and 2022 sixth-round picks. He signed a signed a three-year, $7.8 million contract extension to stay with the Blue Jackets. He spent three seasons with the team. On 30 June 2024, he was placed on waivers and his contract was bought out.

On 9 July 2024, Boqvist signed a one-year, $775,000 contract with the Florida Panthers. During his time with the Panthers, he played alongside Jesper. He was waived from the team after 18 games.

On 31 January 2025, Boqvist was claimed off of waivers by the New York Islanders. On 30 May, he signed a a one-year, $850,000 contract extension to stay with the Islanders.

## Personal life
Boqvist also has an older brother named Jesper who also plays in the NHL.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Be the Creature

***Be the Creature*** is a nature educational documentary television series created by the Kratt brothers after the events of filming of ''Kratts' Creatures* and *Zoboomafoo''. It ran from October 5, 2003 to April 9, 2007 by National Geographic Channel and Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.