open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Les noces

***Les Noces*** () is a ballet in four scenes, originally for the *Ballets Russes* of Sergei Diaghilev.  The ballet was choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska and the music and words were written by Igor Stravinsky. The music is written for voices, four pianos, and percussion.

The ballet was first presented on 13 June 1923 at the Théâtre Gaîte-Lyrîqué in Paris. The ballet is sometimes called a "dance cantata", and the music is sometimes performed as a concert piece.

## Background 
In 1915 ballet producer Sergei Diaghilev wanted to create a ballet called *La Liturgie*. Its background would be the Greek Orthodox Church. Stravinsky was a strong Christian, and did not want to write this ballet. He turned  to Russian folk songs for *Les Noces*. He had started to think about this in 1913. The first two designs were rejected because they did not suit either the dancing or the musical score. The ballet, though based on a folk tale, was modernist in style: Stravinsky and Nijinska thought it was important for its design to be in sympathy with this. Because of this, the ballet is still danced to its original choreography. It was also performed at Stuttgart (1974) and Paris (1976). Jerome Robbins choreographed it in the American Ballet Theatre version of 1965.

## Sources 
* 
* 
## References
Freenet

**Freenet** is a decentralized (hosted on many machines) network., It is censorship-resistant, which means it is not easy for anyone other than authors to remove content. The data is stored on many machines.  Freenet was made by Ian Clarke. Freenet has a goal to provide freedom of speech and Freedom of information through a peer-to-peer network with protection of user's identity. Freenet works by putting together the volunteer bandwidth and storage space of member machines to allow users to anonymously publish (place or upload) or retrieve (get or download) different kinds of information. From a user's perspective, it can be thought of as simply a large storage device.

Freenet has been under continuous development since 2000; a *version 1.0* has not yet been released but current builds are usable. The project has already seen a ground-up rewrite (redoing of programming) for *version 0.7*. Freenet is free software.

## Related pages
* Anonymous P2P
* Crypto-anarchism
* Cypherpunk
* distributed file system
* Entropy (anonymous data store)
* Freedom of information
* Friend-to-friend
* GNUnet
* I2P
* Osiris sps
* Tor (anonymity network)
* Share - the successor to Winny
* Perfect Dark - the successor to Share; it employs many of Freenet's principles.

## References
Montrichard

**Montrichard** is a town and former commune in the Loir-et-Cher *département* (county), in France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montrichard-Val-de-Cher.

## Geography
The town is on the north bank of the Cher river.  south of Blois,  west of Vierzon and  east of Tours. The countryside is mainly used to grow grapes and has woods, cattle and cereals.

## Sites and landmarks
* Château de Montrichard, a medieaval castle.
* Nanteuil Church (12th, 13th, 15th centuries), whose statue of the Virgin Mary is the object of a very old pilgrimage on Whit Monday.
* Church of the Holy Cross (*Église Ste-Croix*) has a nice Romanesque doorway and was the place where Joan of France married the future king.
* Château de Pont-Cher, a 15th-century home built into the cliff. Inside this home are the René Galloux collection of very old () and Gallo-Roman items from diggings in the Cher valley.

## Important people
*Joan of France, Duchess of Berry, married the future king of France Louis XII in Montrichard, though the marriage was latter dissolved.
*André Alerme, a French actor who was in more than 70 movies, died here in 1960.

## References
* INSEE commune file
Dan Tyminski

**Daniel** "**Dan**" **Tyminski** (born 1967) is an American bluegrass musician. He is famous for being a member of Alison Krauss and Union Station. He has released two solo albums: *Carry Me Across the Mountain* (2000) and *Wheels* (2008).

Tyminski was born in Rutland, Vermont.

## References
Florent Sinama Pongolle

**Florent Sinama Pongolle** (born 20 October 1984) is a French former football player.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
**Liverpool**
*UEFA Champions League: 2004–05
*UEFA Super Cup: 2005
*FIFA Club World Championship runner-up: 2005
*FA Community Shield: 2006

**Rostov**
*Russian Cup: 2013–14

**Chainat Hornbill
*Thai League 2: 2017

**Saint-Pierroise**
*Réunion Premier League: 2019

**France U17**
*FIFA U-17 World Championship: 2001

**Individual'''
*FIFA U-17 World Championship Golden Ball: 2001
*FIFA U-17 World Championship Golden Shoe: 2001

## References
Fort-Liberté

**Fort-Liberté** (Kréyòl: *Fòlibète*; English: "Fort Liberty") is a city in northeast Haiti, on the Atlantic coast. It is the capital city of the Nord-Est *Département*.

The city is on the *Baie de Fort-Liberté* ("Fort-Liberté Bay") about 56&nbsp;km east of Cap-Haïtien and to the west of the Dominican Republic. It is also the chief town of an *arrondissement* (a part of a department) with the same name. The *arrondissement* has three *communes* (a *commune* is like a municipality): Fort-Liberté, Ferrier (Kreyòl: *Ferye*) and Perches (Kreyòl: *Opèch*).

## History
Between 1503 and 1505, Nicolás de Ovando, Spanish governor of the Hispaniola, founded the town of *Puerto Real* (English, "Royal Port") where is the present town of "Caracol", to the west of Fort-Liberté. But soon this town was abandoned and the people moved to the east, founding in 1578 a new town with the Taíno name of the region: **Bayajá**.

In 1606, those persons living in the old Spanish towns of Bayajá and Yaguana had, by orders of the Spanish king, to move to the eastern part of the island, to a new town called Bayaguana, combining the two old names.

Later, when French people founded a new town in this place, they called it **Fort-Dauphin** in 1731, named after the "Dauphin" (the "Dolphin", son of the French king Louis XV). When the French Republic was founded, the name was changed to *Fort-Liberté* in 1792. After Henri Christophe became King Henri I of Haiti in 1811, he renamed the city **Fort-Royal**. In 1820, after the death of Christophe, the name was changed back to Fort Liberté.

### Forts around Fort-Liberté
There are several forts built around the bay. An important one is *Fort Dauphin*, sometimes called *Fort Saint Joseph* (Patron Saint of the city) or *Fort Liberté*. Other forts in the area are *Fort de la Bouque*, ''Batterie de l'Anse*, *Fort Saint Charles* and *Fort Saint Frédérique''.

## Economy
Fort-Liberté has a small port that also receives international products and serves as a fishing port. Local agricultural products include sugarcane and citrus fruits.

## Media
### Radio
* Radio Gamma FM, 99.7&nbsp;MHz, 26, Ave Sténio Vincent, Fort-Liberté, www.gammafmhaiti.net
* La Voix Evangélique du Nord-Est, 100.9&nbsp;MHz, www.venhaiti.net
* Radio Dauphin FM
* Radyo Kominotè Nòdès
* Radio Parole de Vie

## References
## Other websites
* Haïti Référence: Profil de la Ville du Fort Liberté  - Information on Fort Liberté (French text).
Little Boots

**Victoria Christina Hesketh** (born 4 May 1984),  also known by her stage name **Little Boots**, is an English pop singer. She auditioned for the ITV Talent competition *Pop Idol* when she was sixteen. Afterwards she went on tour in Europe with a jazz group. Then she became the lead singer for a band called Dead Disco. After that, she started a solo career.

Little Boots' stage name is from a movie called *Caligula*. A friend gave her the nickname. She has been compared to other female pop singers like Lady Gaga, Ladyhawke, Florence and the Machine and La Roux. Little Boots got a lot of attention in January 2009 when she came top of a list called the BBC Sound of Music 2009 poll. She also got a BRIT critics choice award nomination that has brought her mainstream media attention.

Her first album, *Hands*, was released on the 8 June 2009. It got to #5 in the UK Albums Chart. Her second album, *Nocturnes*, was released on the 5 May 2013. Her highest charting single so far is "Remedy". As a musician Little Boots sings and plays the keyboard, piano, stylophone and a Japanese electronic instrument, called a Tenori-on.

## References 
## Other websites
Deepdale

**Deepdale** is a football stadium in Preston, Lancashire, England.

It is the stadium of Preston North End F.C. and it is the site of the National Football Museum in England. Preston North End are one of the first teams to play in England's football league and they have played at Deepdale since they first started. Deepdale is the oldest league stadium in the world.

Since 1995 Deepdale has changed a lot, the old stands have been knocked down and now it has brand new all-seater stands. Now that the changes are finished, the stadium has 23,408 seats. Other changes made include a new big screen TV to show highlights of the match and new executive boxes where Preston North End's owners and their guests sit.

## References
## Other websites
*
Yusuke Gondo

**Yusuke Gondo** (born 7 October 1982) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club statistics
## Other websites
*
LimeWire

**LimeWire** is an open source, peer-to-peer computer program that can be used to download and share music, video, other computer programs, and other kinds of files.

In 2010 the Recording Industry Association of America took the makers of LimeWire to the federal court in New York. They said that the software allowed people to download and share music, which was against the law. In June 2010, the National Music Publishers Association also took legal action against LimeWire. LimeWire was shut down in October 2010.

## References
Tsutomu Kitade

**Tsutomu Kitade** (born 18 September 1976) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||15||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2004||24||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||27||2
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Tochigi||rowspan="2"|Football League||8||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2007||14||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
61||3||9||0||0||0||70||3
61||3||9||0||0||0||70||3
|}

## References
Paulo Sousa

**Paulo Manuel Carvalho de Sousa**, CavIH (; born 30 August 1970) is a Portuguese football manager and former professional player. He is the head coach of the Poland national team.

He played for Benfica and Sporting in Portugal. He then went to Juventus and after to Borussia Dortmund. He won the UEFA Champions League in both of these clubs.

Sousa was a member of Portugal's "Golden Generation". and appeared with the national team at the 2002 World Cup and two European Championships.

He started coaching in the late 2000s, managing clubs in several countries and winning national championships with Maccabi Tel Aviv and Basel.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Player
**Benfica**
*Primeira Divisão: 1990–91
*Taça de Portugal: 1992–93

**Portugal**
*UEFA European Championship third place: 2000

**Individual**
*Guerin d'Oro: 1995

### Manager
**Videoton**
*Ligakupa: 2011–12
*Szuperkupa: 2011, 2012

**Maccabi Tel Aviv**
*Israeli Premier League: 2013–14

**Basel**
*Swiss Super League: 2014–15

## References
Yuki Ishida

**Yuki Ishida** (born 4 November 1980) is a Japanese football player. He has played for Tokushima Vortis.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||19||0||4||1||23||1
|-
|2004||15||0||0||0||15||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="5"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||12||1||1||0||13||1
|-
|2006||37||1||1||0||38||1
|-
|2007||30||6||2||0||32||6
|-
|2008||31||7||1||0||32||7
|-
|2009||49||7||1||0||50||7
|-
|2010||Matsumoto Yamaga||Football League||||||||||||
193||22||10||1||203||23
144||15||9||1||153||16
|}

## References
Predrag Mijatović

**Predrag Mijatović** (born 19 January 1969) is a former Montenegrin football player. He has played for Yugoslavia national team and Serbia and Montenegro national team.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="2"|Budućnost Titograd||rowspan="2"|First League||31||4
|-
|1988/89||28||2
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Partizan||rowspan="3"|First League||15||1
|-
|1990/91||33||14
|-
|1991/92||25||13

|-
|1992/93||Partizan||First League||31||17

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="3"|Valencia||rowspan="3"|La Liga||35||16
|-
|1994/95||29||12
|-
|1995/96||40||28
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||38||14
|-
|1997/98||24||10
|-
|1998/99||28||5

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Fiorentina||rowspan="3"|Serie A||16||2
|-
|2000/01||13||1
|-
|2001/02||13||1

|-
|2002/03||Levante||Segunda División||21||3
132||34
31||17
215||88
42||4
420||143
|}

## International career statistics 
|-
|1989||3||0
|-
|1990||0||0
|-
|1991||5||0
|-
|1992||1||0
|-
!Total||9||0
|}

|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||6||3
|-
|1997||8||11
|-
|1998||11||3
|-
|1999||7||2
|-
|2000||12||4
|-
|2001||6||2
|-
|2002||6||2
|-
|2003||5||1
|-
!Total||64||28
|}

## References
Vicente Rodríguez

**Vicente Rodríguez** (born 16 July 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Valencia.

## Club career statistics 
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Levante||Segunda División||3||1||||||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|-
|1998/99||Segunda División B||16||1||||||colspan="2"|-||16||1
|-
|1999/00||Segunda División||35||7||||||colspan="2"|-||35||7
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="10"|Valencia||rowspan="10"|La Liga||33||5||2||1||13||0||48||6
|-
|2001/02||31||1||1||0||7||1||39||2
|-
|2002/03||28||1||0||0||11||0||39||1
|-
|2003/04||33||12||2||0||7||2||42||14
|-
|2004/05||12||3||0||0||3||2||15||5
|-
|2005/06||21||3||1||0||0||0||22||3
|-
|2006/07||16||4||0||0||5||0||21||4
|-
|2007/08||17||0||4||1||4||1||25||2
|-
|2008/09||27||6||6||3||5||0||38||9
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
272||44||16||5||55||6||343||55
272||44||16||5||55||6||343||55

## International career statistics 
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||7||0
|-
|2003||10||1
|-
|2004||9||1
|-
|2005||9||1
|-
!Total||38||3
|}

## References
Clermont Foot

**Clermont Foot 63** is a football club which plays in France.

## Name 
* 1911-1984 **Stade Clermontois**
* 1984-1990 **Clermont-Ferrand F.C.**
* 1990-2013 **Clermont Foot Auvergne**
* 2013-present **Clermont Foot 63**
FC Istres

**F.C. Istres Ouest Provence** is a football club which plays in France.

## Name
*1920-1969 **S.S. Istréenne**
*1969-1990 **Istres Sports**
*1990-present **FC Istres Ouest Provence**
Heitor Villa-Lobos

**Heitor Villa-Lobos** (5 March 1887 – 17 November 1959) was a Brazilian composer. He is thought of as the most important 20th century composer of classical music from South America. He wrote a very large amount of music, including works for orchestra, chamber, instrumental and vocal works. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and by classical music from Europe. The music of Johann Sebastian Bach was especially important for him, and he composed several pieces called *Bachianas brasileiras* by which he meant: Brazilian music in the style of Bach.
Ismael Urzaiz

**Ismael Urzaiz** (born 7 October 1971) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Urzaiz goal.''

## Honours
**Spain U16**
*UEFA European Under-16 Championship: 1988

**Individual**
*FIFA U-20 World Cup: silver shoe: 1991

## References
SAS Épinal

**S.A.S. Épinal** is a football club which plays in France.

The club formed from a merger of two football clubs; **Stade Saint Michel** and '''L'Athletique Club Spinalien''' in 1941.
Stade Briochin

**Stade Briochin** is a football club which plays in France. It was founded in 1904. There is a branch for women.
Dyspnea

**Dyspnea** or **dyspnoea** (said *disp-nee-ah*) is shortness of breath. Some research says that about 27% of people suffer it. 

 (Heimlich maneuver)]]

## Causes
There are many different causes of dyspnea. Some types and their causes are listed below. There may be duplicates in this list. 

### Pulmonary disorders
* **Obstructive lung diseases**
** Asthma
** Bronchitis
** Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  (COPD)
** Cystic fibrosis (CF)
** Emphysema 
** Laryngeal edema due to allergies
** Hookworm disease
***Restrictive lung diseases/conditions**
** Sarcoidosis
** Pulmonary fibrosis
** Pneumonias
** Pneumoconiosis (work/industrial/environment disease)
** Pleural effusion
** Connective tissue disease
** Neuromuscular problems
** Kyphoscoliosis (a thoracic cage deformity)
* **Diseases of lung parenchyma and pleura**
** Contagious
*** Anthrax through inhalation of *Bacillus anthracis*
*** Pneumonia
** Non-contagious
*** Fibrosing alveolitis
*** Atelectasis
*** Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
*** Interstitial lung disease
*** Lung cancer
*** Pleural effusion
*** Pneumoconiosis
*** Pneumothorax
*** Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome
*** Sarcoidosis
* **Pulmonary vascular diseases**
** Acute or recurrent pulmonary emboli
** Pulmonary hypertension, primary or secondary
** Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
** Superior vena cava syndrome

### Other causes of diminished breathing
* **Obstruction of the airway**
** Cancer of the larynx or pharynx
** Empty nose syndrome
** Pulmonary aspiration
** Epiglottitis
** Vocal cord dysfunction
* **Immobilization of the diaphragm**
** Lesion of the phrenic nerve
** Polycystic liver disease
** Tumor in the diaphragm
** Drugs, including those which relax muscles (including the diaphragm)
* **Restriction of the chest volume**
** Ankylosing spondylitis
** Broken ribs
** Kyphosis of the spine
** Obesity
** Pregnancy
** Pectus excavatum
** Scoliosis
* **Disorders of the cardiovascular system**
** Aortic dissection
** Cardiomyopathy
** Congenital heart disease
** CREST syndrome
** Heart failure
** Ischaemic heart disease
** Malignant hypertension
** Pericardium disorders, including:
*** Cardiac tamponade
*** Constrictive pericarditis
*** Pericardial effusion
** Pulmonary edema
** Pulmonary embolism
** Valvular heart disease
* **Disorders of the blood and metabolism**
** Anemia
** Hypothyroidism
** Adrenal insufficiency
** Metabolic acidosis
** Sepsis
** Leukemia
* **Disorders affecting breathing nerves and muscles**
** Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
** Guillain-Barré syndrome
** Multiple sclerosis
** Myasthenia gravis
** Parsonage Turner syndrome
** Eaton-Lambert syndrome
** Chronic fatigue syndrome
* **Psychological conditions**
** Anxiety disorders and panic attacks
* **Medications**
** Opioids, such as Fentanyl
* **Other**
** Carbon monoxide poisoning

## Other websites
*Shortness Of Breath (Dyspnea)
*StatPearls
Wynton Rufer

**Wynton Rufer** (born 29 December 1962) is a New Zealand former football player. He has played for New Zealand national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
**Grasshoppers**
* Swiss Cup: 1988–89
* Swiss Super Cup: 1989

**Werder Bremen**
* Oceania Footballer of the Year: 1989, 1990, 1992
* FIFA Oceania Footballer of the Century
* Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to soccer, in the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours
* New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame: Inducted in 2005 He is also involved with the FIFA Ambassadors Against Racism Committee.
* IFFHS Legends
*IFFHS Oceania Men's Team of All Time: 2021

## References
Will (Brazilian footballer)

**Will Robson Emilio Andrade** (born 15 December 1973), known as just **Will**, is a former Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1998||Oita Trinity||Football League||26||9||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||9
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||30||18||1||1||4||0||35||19
|-
|2000||29||22||0||0||2||0||31||22
|-
|2001||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||26||24||0||0||2||2||28||26
|-
|2002||Yokohama F. Marinos||J. League 1||24||14||0||0||6||2||30||16
|-
|2003||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 2||4||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||4
|-
|2003||Oita Trinita||J. League 1||16||2||1||0||0||0||17||2
155||93||5||1||14||4||174||98
155||93||5||1||14||4||174||98
|}
Turbojet

A **turbojet** is a kind of jet engine that works by squeezing air into a small space, mixing it with fuel, and setting it on fire. The mixture of fuel and air goes out the back of the engine and pushes it forward. As it leaves the engine it spins a turbine which turns a gas compressor at the front which sucks in more air and compresses it.  

**Turbofan** engines are more complex. They are more common today because they can make more power, for the same amount of fuel, than a turbojet. They also make less noise. Supersonic aircraft still use the simpler kind.

## Components 
* The air intake is the part at the front of the engine. The intake is where the air is brought into the engine.
* The air compressor squeezes the air, in order to make it smaller. This makes the pressure and temperature higher. The air compressor is made out of spinning blades called rotors, and blades that do not move, called stators.
* The combustion chamber is where the air is burnt. Fuel is injected by several tubes, and the fire heats up the air.
* After passing the combustion chamber, the air pushes a turbine fan. This turbine fan is connected to the compressor. The air pushing on it makes the rotors of the compressor turn.
* The nozzle is where the air comes out of the engine. The speed of the air is bigger than the speed at the air intake. This bigger force makes the vehicle move towards the front.
* Some planes have an afterburner. The afterburner is like a combustion chamber, but is attached behind the nozzle. It has tubes which inject fuel and burns the air again. The afterburner is used in order to increase speed of the vehicle, but the use of fuel is very high. This makes it used rarely, for example on supersonic airplanes.

## Related pages 
* Gas turbine

## References 
## Other websites 
*https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/turbojet_engine.html
*https://slideplayer.com/slide/4179686/
*https://gallery.autodesk.com/fusion360/projects/21260/turbojet-engine
*https://engineering.purdue.edu/~propulsi/propulsion/jets/basics/afterburner.html
Insomniac Games

**Insomniac Games** is an American video game developer founded in 1994. The company has created many games. This  includes the first three *Spyro the Dragon* titles for the PlayStation, most of the *Ratchet & Clank* games for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3, the *Resistance* series for the PlayStation 3, and the ''Marvel's Spider-Man* game series for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5. 

Their first game was *Disruptor*, released for the PlayStation. To date, they have sold 32 million copies of their games and received numerous awards. Since 2005, Insomniac Games has earned eight "best workplace" awards. The first game in the series, *Ratchet & Clank*, was released on November 4, 2002. It got very high reviews, and Insomniac have made six more *Ratchet & Clank* games since. *Ratchet & Clank* games have so far sold 25 million copies. In 2006, Insomniac released their first PlayStation 3 game, *Resistance: Fall of Man*, and released *Resistance 2* in 2008. *Resistance 3* was released in 2011.

## People
*Ted Price (President & CEO)
*Alex Hastings (Chief Technology Officer)
*Brian Hastings (Chief Creative Officer)
*Chad Dezern (North Carolina Studio Director)
*See also: Team members 

## Games
## Other developers
### High Impact Games
High Impact Games is a game developer made by people who used to work at Insomniac. They made two *Ratchet & Clank* games for the PlayStation Portable, called *Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters* and *Secret Agent Clank*. They also made a PlayStation 2 version of *Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters*. They made a *Jak and Daxter* game, called *Jak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier*, for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. It is the first *Jak and Daxter'' game not made by Naughty Dog, who are also close friends of Insomniac Games.

## References
George Antheil

**George Antheil** (born July 8, 1900 in Trenton, New Jersey; died February 12, 1959 in New York City) was an American composer, pianist, author and inventor. He became known in America and Europe as a composer of very modern sounding music, including his *Ballet Mécanique*. His music was very noisy and full of mechanical sounds. His audiences were often shocked at the music. He spent some years in Europe, then, in 1930s, he returned to America where he spent a lot of time writing film music for Hollywood and ballets. His music became less aggressive and more traditional.   

He had many interests, and spent some time researching female endocrinology, as well as writing a mystery novel and newspaper advice and music columns. Together with the actress Hedy Lamarr he invented and patented a frequency-hopping torpedo guidance system.
2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes

The **2001 Indian-Bangladeshi border conflict**  was a short armed conflict between India and Bangladesh over the poorly marked International border between the countries during 2001. Over the issue of Indians trespassing and invaded Bangladeshi territories. 

The clashes began on 16 April 2001, when a force of around 800 to a 1000 Bangladeshi Paramilitary soldiers attacked and captured Padua/Pyrdiwah village, breaking the status quo and forcing the civilians there to flee.

## References
Javier Portillo

**Javier Portillo** (born 30 March 1982) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Osasuna.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||0||0||0||0||1||1||1||1
|-
|2002/03||10||5||6||8||7||1||23||14
|-
|2003/04||18||1||7||1||4||0||29||2

|-
|2004/05||Fiorentina||Serie A||11||1||7||3||colspan="2"|-||18||4

|-
|2004/05||Real Madrid||La Liga||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0

|-
|2005/06||Brugge||First Division||24||8||colspan="2"|-||8||3||32||11

|-
|2006/07||Gimnàstic Tarragona||La Liga||34||11||2||1||colspan="2"|-||36||12
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Osasuna||rowspan="2"|La Liga||18||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||20||2
|-
|2008/09||20||1||||||||||20||1
|-
|2009/10||Hércules||Segunda División||||||||||||||||
103||19||18||10||12||2||133||31
11||1||7||3||colspan="2"|-||18||4
24||8||colspan="2"|-||8||3||32||11
138||28||25||13||20||5||183||46
|}

## References
Caryophyllaceae

'']]

The **Caryophyllaceae**, commonly called the **pink family** or **carnation family**, is a family of flowering plants. The species are dicotyledons included in the order Caryophyllales. It is a large family, with 88 genera and some 2,000 species.
2005 Pakistan earthquake

The **2005 Kashmir Earthquake** (also known as the **Great Pakistan earthquake**) was a major earthquake centered in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa near the city of Muzaffarabad. It occurred at 08:52:39 Pakistan Standard Time (03:52:40 UTC) on 8 October 2005.

87,351 people died, 75,266 people were injured, and 2.4 million people were left homeless. Kashmir, Pakistan, and Northern part of India were all affected.
Mitro Bahini

**Mitro Bahini** (Bengali language: মিত্রবাহিনী) (*Allied forces* in Bangla) was the alliance of the Indian Army and the Mukti Bahini ("Freedom Fighters" as representation of the Bangladeshi forces) that engaged the then Pakistani occupied forces on December, 6 in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War. The alliance provided the final blow to the already weakened Pakistan Army which surrendered thirteen days after the formal declaration of war.
Minicoy Island

**Minicoy Island** or **Maliku** (**Mahal language**: މަލިކު, məliku) is the only inhabited island of the Maliku Atoll. The locals, the *Malikun*, call their island "Maliku," as do the **Maldivians**, the closest Maldive island to Minicoy is Thuraakunu. Since 1956, the Indian Government has forbidden contact between people of the same nationals of the two islands despite their geographic proximity and ethnographic similarities. The cultural traits of Minicoy differ from those of any other Indian islands of Lakshadweep. Manners, customs and food are similar to those of the Maldives to the south of Minicoy and Mahl, a dialect of Dhivehi, is the language spoken on the island. This language employs the Tāna script, written from right to left. Minicoy Islanders, like the close islands of the Maldives follow Sunni Islam. The islands were probably Buddhist before like they were in the Maldives. In August 1947 the possessions of the Emperor of British India passed to either the Indian Union or Pakistan according to an agreed demarcation line. The rulers of the independent countries that were vassals of the Emperor had the choice of acceding to either the Dominion of India or Pakistan.

While Maliku was a sovereign possession of the Emperor and not that of an independent country such as, Kashmir or Hyderabad State, it is unclear why India felt it necessary to hold a plebiscite in Maliku in 1956 to determine whether or not the people of Maliku wished to join the Indian Union. However Since 1965 Pakistan wished Maliku to return to the Republic of Maldives.
LG KM900 (Arena)

The **LG-KM900**, or **LG Arena** is a mobile phone made by LG Electronics. It was announced at the Mobile World Congress on February 16, 2009. It was include 3D user interface.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
I2P

**I2P** (means **Invisible Internet Project**, though it is not commonly referred to by this name anymore) is a mixed-license free and open source project building an anonymous network (or, more accurately, a pseudonymous overlay network).

The network is a simple layer that applications can use to anonymously and securely send messages to each other. Possible uses include anonymous surfing, chatting, blogging and file transfers.

## References
Yoshikazu Nonomura

**Yoshikazu Nonomura** (born 8 May 1972) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="5"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1996||||||||||||||||
|-
|1997||||||||||||||||
|-
|1998||23||3||0||0||6||1||29||4
|-
|1999||9||1||0||0||0||0||9||1
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Consadole Sapporo||J. League 2||36||2||4||1||2||0||42||3
|-
|2001||J. League 1||22||0||0||0||1||0||23||0
154||8||4||1||9||1||167||10
154||8||4||1||9||1||167||10
|}

## References
Keiichi Zaizen

is a former Japanese football player. He became coach of Consadole Sapporo in 2013.

## Club career statistics
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Nissan Motors||rowspan="5"|JSL Division 1||1||0||||||||||1||0
|-
|1988/89||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1989/90||3||0||||||0||0||3||0
|-
|1990/91||4||0||||||0||0||4||0
|-
|1991/92||3||0||||||3||0||6||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1994||Kashiwa Reysol||Football League||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|1995||Yokohama Marinos||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1996||Consadole Sapporo||Football League||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
19||0||0||0||3||0||22||0
19||0||0||0||3||0||22||0
|}

## References
Dick Advocaat

**Dick Advocaat** (born 27 September 1947) is a Dutch football coach and former player. He coaches the Curacao national football team. In his career as a football player he played at Den Haag, Roda, VVV Venlo, Chicago Sting, Sparta Rotterdam, Berchem Sport, Utrecht. Advocaat started coaching at a small club called DSVP. He started coaching at a local club, DSVP, and later coached the Dutch national football team and others.

## Career statistics
### Club
#### National team
## Managerial statistics
## Honours
### Manager
**SVV**
*Eerste Divisie: 1989–90

**PSV Eindhoven**
*Eredivisie: 1996–97
*KNVB Cup: 1995–96
*Johan Cruyff Shield: 1996, 1997, 2012

**Rangers**
*Scottish Premier League: 1998–99, 1999–2000
*Scottish Cup: 1998–99, 1999–2000
*Scottish League Cup: 1998–99

**Netherlands**
*UEFA European Championship third place: 2004

**Zenit Saint Petersburg**
*Russian Premier League: 2007
*UEFA Cup: 2007–08
*UEFA Super Cup: 2008

### Individual
* The 2008 UEFA Cup success earned Advocaat the Honorary Citizen of Saint Petersburg award, making him the city's first foreign honorary citizen since 1866.

## Personal life
Advocaat is teetotal.

## References
Jean-Pierre Papin

**Jean-Pierre Papin** (born 5 November 1963) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Papin goal.''

## Honours
**Club Brugge**
* Belgian Cup: 1985–86

**Marseille**
* Serie A: 1992–93, 1993–94
* Supercoppa Italiana: 1992, 1993
* UEFA Champions League: 1993–94; runner-up: 1992–93
* Intercontinental Cup runner-up: 1993
* UEFA Super Cup: runner-up 1993

**Bayern Munich**
* Onze de Bronze: 1989, 1990, 1992
* Goal of the Year (Germany): 1995
* FIFA XI: 1997, 1998, 1999
* FIFA 100: 2004
* Voted best foreign player of Club Brugge ever: 2008
* Named player of the century of Marseille: 2009
* UNFP 20 years Special Team Trophy: 2011
* UNFP Oscar trophy: 1999
* Golden Foot Award Legends: 2013
* The Dream Team 110 years of Marseille: 2010
* 8th French Player of the Century: 2018
* Second best player of Ligue 1 history: 2022
* Toulon Tournament top scorers 1985
* Belgian Cup top scorers 1985–86
* Ligue 1 top scorer: 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*
Kennet Andersson

**Kennet Andersson** (born 6 October 1967) is a former Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.

## Career statistics
### International
:''Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Andersson goal.''

## Honours
**IFK Göteborg**
*Allsvenskan: 1990, 1991
*Svenska Cupen: 1990–91

**Bologna**
*UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1998

**Lazio**
*UEFA Super Cup: 1999

**Fenerbahçe**
*1. Lig: 2000–01
**Sweden**
*FIFA World Cup third place: 1994
**Individual**
*Allsvenskan top scorer: 1991
*FIFA World Cup Bronze Boot: 1994

## References
Hasan Salihamidžić

**Hasan Salihamidžić** (; born 1 January 1977), nicknamed **Brazzo** (, , ), is a Bosnian former professional footballer and current sporting director of Bundesliga club Bayern Munich. After starting his club career with German side Hamburger SV, he was highly talented while playing for Bayern Munich for nine seasons.

## Career statistics 
### Club 
:*Source:* 

### International 
:''Scores and results list Bosnia and Herzegovina's goal tally first''.

## Honours 
### Club 
**Bayern Munich**
* Bundesliga: 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06
* DFB-Pokal: 1999–2000, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06
* DFB-Ligapokal: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004
* UEFA Champions League: 2000–01
* Intercontinental Cup: 2001

### Individual 
* Bosnia and Herzegovina Sportsperson of the Year: 2001
* Bosnian Footballer of the Year: 2000, 2004, 2005, 2006

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Masataka Sakamoto

**Masataka Sakamoto** (born 24 February 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba.

## Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="5"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||19||3||3||0||4||0||26||3
|-
|2002||30||1||4||0||7||0||41||1
|-
|2003||30||1||3||1||2||0||35||2
|-
|2004||29||1||1||0||4||0||34||1
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara Chiba||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||34||2||2||0||11||0||47||2
|-
|2006||34||1||1||0||11||3||46||4
|-
|2007||Albirex Niigata||J. League 1||34||2||1||1||6||0||41||3
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|JEF United Ichihara Chiba||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||32||1||0||0||8||0||40||1
|-
|2009||33||1||6||0||2||0||41||1
|-
|2010||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
275||13||21||2||55||3||351||18
275||13||21||2||55||3||351||18
|}

## References
Patrik Andersson

**Patrik Andersson** (born 18 August 1971) is a Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Andersson goal.*

## Honours
**Borussia Mönchengladbach**
* DFB-Pokal: 1994–95

**Bayern Munich**
* Bundesliga: 1999–2000, 2000–01
* DFB-Pokal: 1999–2000
* DFB-Ligapokal: 1999, 2000
* UEFA Champions League: 2000–01

**Malmö FF**
* Allsvenskan: 2004

**Sweden**
* FIFA World Cup third place: 1994

**Individual**
* *kicker'' Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1994–95, 1996–97
* UEFA Team of the Year: 2001
* Swedish Defender of the Year: 2001
* Guldbollen: 1995, 2001

## References
Walnut

**Walnut** trees, genus *Juglans*, are plants which mostly grow in the Northern hemisphere.
## Features
They can reach 10~40 metres (30-130 ft) in height. 
## Habitats
Walnut trees grow from Europe to the Himalayas and southwest China. In the Americas, walnut trees are found all the way from Canada to Argentina.  
## Applications
They are used for timber. The wood is very hard, and dark in color. It is mostly used for making furniture. The fruit is eaten and can be used for making oil. The fruit of *Juglans* are called **walnuts**. Material of the walnut's outer casing was used by Native American tribes to poison fish.
Daniel Merriweather

**Daniel Paul Merriweather** (born February 17, 1982 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian R&B singer/songwriter. After several successful collaborations with artists such as Mark Ronson, he released his debut album, *Love and War*, in June 2009. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number two.

## References
Vasopressin

**Vasopressin** (ADH, AVP) is the hormone which controls the production of urine in the bladder. It is secreted by the pituitary gland based on the salt concentration of the blood. 

It is a negative feedback loop, which means the more concentrated the salt in the blood is, the more vasopressin is secreted. This, in turn, makes the kidney tubules more permeable, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the blood and creating more concentrated urine, which can be less concentrated. It also triggers feelings of thirst.

## Related pages
*Peptide hormone
*Angiotensinogen
Jason Schwartzman

**Jason Francesco Schwartzman ** (born June 26, 1980) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his starring roles in *Funny People*, *Shopgirl*, *Spun*, *Rushmore*, *I ♥ Huckabees*, *Marie Antoinette*, and *The Darjeeling Limited*. Schwartzman is in the band Coconut Records. He was a member of the rock band Phantom Planet.

Jason Schwartzman's band Phantom Plantet had the track "California". This song became the theme song for the Fox television series, *The O.C.* Phantom Planet played with the popular New York band Dopo Yume. Both bands had songs used by *The O.C.*

Jason was named one of "Top 10 Most Stylish Men in America" by *GQ* magazine.

## References
Epicenter

's focus.]]

The **epicentre** or **epicenter** is the point on Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus. It is the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. It is usually the point where the earthquake is felt strongest.
Rochdale A.F.C.

**Rochdale A.F.C.** is an English football club who play in League One of the English Football League. The club was founded in 1907, and has played at the Spotland Stadium throughout its history. They reached the fifth round of the FA Cup for the first time in 1989 and again in 2002 which is as far as they have ever gone in a major competition. 

## Related pages
* List of English football teams

## References 
*History of Rochdale AFC
Sean Parnell

**Sean R. Parnell** (born November 19, 1962) is an American politician. He served as the 12th Governor of Alaska from 2009 to 2014. Parnell assumed the office of governor on July 26, 2009 after Governor Sarah Palin .  He was sworn in at the Governor's Picnic in Fairbanks, Alaska.  After finishing Palin's term, Parnell was elected to a full term as Governor in November 2010, becoming the first unelected Alaska Governor to be later elected in his own right. In 2014, he lost re-election to Independent Bill Walker.

## Education
Parnell went to Pacific Lutheran University (B.B.A. 1984) and University of Puget Sound School of Law (now Seattle University School of Law) (J.D. 1987). He is admitted to the bar in both Alaska and Washington D.C.

## References
## Other websites
* Sean Parnell bio and photos 
* Sandy Parnell 

|-
Razakars (Hyderabad)

**Razakars** were private militia organized by Qasim Razvi which supporter the rule of Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII and resist the integration of Hyderabad State into India. 
Eventually, the Indian army routed the Razakars and the group was disbanded after  India annexed the state.

Qasim Razvi, the military chief of Hyderabad State, fled to Pakistan where he was granted asylum. Majlis, a contemporary political party in the present Hyderabad owes its foundations to Qasim Razvi.

## Etymology
Razakar literally means *volunteer*. There were types of Razakars: Muslim Razakar,Hindu razakar, Reddy razakar and congress Razakars.

### Types of Razakars
Quoting an article of K F Rustomjee, the former DGP of Maharashtra and BSF, *Captain Panduranga Reddy* said that the policemen from Akola district in then Central Province were sent in to Hyderabad state in the garb of Razakars to create turmoil and blame the Nizam government. Rustomjee was SP of Akola at the time. Captain Reddy called the Communists as traitors, who encouraged violence to spread their agenda.
* General:
# Muslim razakars
# Hindu razakars - Personnel recruited by Hindu Deshmukhs and Zamindars to gain favour of the Nizam.

## References
## Other websites
* Captain Pandu Ranga Reddy about razakars
Al-Shams (East Pakistan)

**Al-Shams** () was a paramilitary force formed in East Pakistan in early 1971 by the Pakistan Army.

Al-Shams is an Arabic word meaning 'The Sun'. Al Shams was Pakistani armed groups formed by the Pakistan Army to fight out and resist Mukti Bahini and support the army in its campaigns in the former East Pakistan provincial region. They engaged in widespread atrocities against Hindu civilians.

## Related page 
* Al-Badr
Al-Badr (East Pakistan)

**Al-Badar** (আল বদর) was a paramilitary force formed in East Pakistan in 1971 by the national Pakistan Army.

**Al-Badar** means **The Battlefield of Badar**.  The politics of the force were intermingled with jihad, the religious war or holy war of Muhammad 1400 years earlier.  However, the war between Pakistan and Bengali separatists was a nationalistic war, not a religious one.

## Background
On March 27, 1971, after beginning the Pakistani Civil War, Pakistani military forces needed military support from Bengali nationalists supporters who still wanted to be part of Pakistan, or did not like Indian involvement in the movement; as well as the non-Bengali muhajirs in order to abolish the independence fighters of Bangladesh, the Mukti Bahini, Hemayet Bahini and Kaderiya Bahini. 

The **Al Badar** were formed to find these independence fighters and to be guides as well as co-fighters who were familiar with the local terrain.  The force was composed of madrasa students and teachers, Bengali supporters of Muslim League and Jamaat E Islami, and *muhajirs* coming from non-Bengali part of India.

There were three type of Paramilitary forces Pakistan formed,

**1.Razakars:** refuges who were came from other parts of India during separation of India and Pakistan, and settled in East Pakistan.

**2. Al-Badar:** Bengali Muslim Students from Colleges, universities and madrasah, who were loyal to Jamat-e-islami.**3. Al-Shams:** Bengali Madrasah Students, teachers & supporters of Islamic parties other than Jamat-E-Islami (these smaller parties included Nejam-e-Islami and various factions of Muslim League).

Al-Badar was a very organized par military force among those three forces, with their own hierarchy of organization and reporting system.

## Tasks
The Al Badar were given a variety of combat and non-combat tasks including:
*Taking part in the operations
*Spying against Mukti Bahini
*Interrogation
*Working as the guides of the regular army
*Assassination
*Finding and killing Mukti Bahini soldiers
*Providing supply line to front army

## Abolition
On 16 December 1971, Pakistan unconditionally surrendered. Members of Al-Badr, along with other Razakars, Al-Shams, and Shanti Committee also surrendered to the Mitro Bahini's. As they all were Bengali it was supposed that Bangladesh would treat them as an opposition party, that is they would arrest them and treat them as prisoners of war. However most of them were tortured, killed by Mukti Bahini, or forced into exile from Bangladesh.

## References
Eric Burdon

**Eric Victor Burdon** (born 11 May 1941) is an English rock singer. He is known for his very loud screaming and performing. 

He began his career in the early 1960s with the R&B/blues-based punk rock band The Animals. They had hits such as "House of the Rising Sun", "See See Rider", "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood", "Inside Looking Out", "We Gotta Get Out Of This Place", "Don't Bring Me Down" and "It's My Life".

He later formed "Eric Burdon & The Animals" in 1967. He continued to have chart success with songs like "San Franciscan Nights", "When I Was Young", "Good Times", "Sky Pilot", "Monterey" and "Ring of Fire".

In late 1969, he formed the radical funk/soul/jazz band "Eric Burdon & War". They had hits with "Spill the Wine", "Tobacco Road", "Paint it Black" and "They Can't Take Away Our Music". He left them during their European tour in early 1971 to start a solo career, which has seen him in the genres of heavy metal, glam rock, new age, pop rock, reggae, hip hop and many more.

After some successful world tours and acting roles in movies, he went on to record with Brian Auger as a psychedelic fusion rock band in the 1990s. 

After forming several groups such as "Eric Burdon Band" or "The New Animals", he released his first solo album in many years, *My Secret Life* (2004), which had many musical directions, like hard rock, jazz, progressive and folk.

In the following year he released *Athens Traffic Live* and *Soul of a Man*.

## References
Moosehead Lake

**Moosehead Lake** is a large lake in Maine. It is the largest lake of Maine and the largest lake wholly within New England (the larger Lake Champlain is located between Vermont,  New York, which is not considered part of New England, and the province of Quebec in Canada). It was named Moosehead Lake, because the lake's shape looks like a moose's head. There are over 80 islands in the lake, the largest being Sugar Island.

## Other websites
Qasim Razvi

**Syed Kasim Razvi** (17 July 1902 &ndash; 15 January 1970), also **Qasim Razvi**, was the leader of a local militia in India, the Razakars of Hyderabad State, who blocked accession into the Republic of India after the Partition of British Indian empire against the wishes of the local  majority Hindu-population, and fought against the Indian forces during occupation.

Razvi held views that Hyderabad should eventually join Pakistan in a major war against Bharat, as clearly evidenced by some of his speeches and publications in Hyderabadi newspapers. Razvi was politically powerful and a close advisor of the Nizam, whom he encouraged to defy the infidel government, and blocked the invasion of Hyderabad into Republic of India. At the height of the crisis, Razvi had placed his allies in influential posts, and was virtually dictating the Nizam's policy on the issue. Razvi even traveled to Delhi and had a stormy meeting with Indian leader Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He is quoted to have said "Death with the sword in hand, is always preferable to extinction by a mere stroke of the pen. "prompting the Indian government to call him the "Nizam's Frankenstein monster."

After Indian military intervention, Razvi was placed under house arrest and tried under Indian laws on seditious activities and inciting communal violence. He was released in the 1950s, and he later fled to Pakistan.
John Gilbert

People with the name **"John Gilbert"**:

* John Gilbert (naturalist) (1812—1845), English naturalist and explorer in Australia
* John Gilbert (bushranger) (1842—1865), a famous Australian bushranger and member of Ben Hall's gang
* John Gilbert (actor) (1899—1936), American actor