open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
John Dunsworth

**John Francis Dunsworth** (April 12, 1946 – October 16, 2017 In a statement to CBC News, Dunsworth's daughter Sarah described the illness as "short and unexpected" and stated that her father was an "amazing husband, father and grandfather".

## References
## Other websites
*
*Official homepage
Don Pedro Colley

**Don Pedro Colley** (August 30, 1938&nbsp;– October 11, 2017) was an American actor. Some of his best known roles include Gideon on *Daniel Boone*, Ongaro in *Beneath the Planet of the Apes*, SRT in George Lucas' *THX 1138*, Joshua in *The Legend of Nigger Charley* and Sheriff Little in the 1980s TV series *The Dukes of Hazzard*.

Colley was born in Klamath Falls, Oregon. He studied at the University of Oregon. He played American football and track and field (athletics), which led to an unsuccessful try-out for the 1960 Summer Olympics. Colley died on October 11, 2017 in Klamath Falls after a battle with cancer at the age of 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
*Interview with Don Pedro Colley  about his experiences working on *THX 1138* at Lucasfan.com
*WFMU interview
Samara Weaving

**Samara Weaving** (born 23 February 1992) is an Australian actress and model. Her first role was Kirsten Mulroney in the Australian-produced BBC TV series *Out of the Blue*. From 2009 to 2013, she played Indi Walker in *Home and Away*. For her role of Indi, Weaving was nominated for the Audience Choice Award for Best Female Performance in a Television Drama at the 1st AACTA Awards in 2012.

Weaving had a recurring role as Heather in the first season of *Ash vs Evil Dead* in 2015.

## Personal life 
Weaving got married to American writer named Jimmy Warden in 2019.

## Filmography
* Out of the Blue (2008)
## References
## Other websites
*
*Canberra Girls' Grammar newsletter announcing Samara's role 
*Samara Weaving on TVSA
*Samara Weaving on SamaraWeaving.com
Almost Heroes

**Almost Heroes** is an American 1998 comedy movie directed by Christopher Guest and it starred Chris Farley in his final movie role, Matthew Perry, Harry Shearer and Hank Azaria. It was distributed by Warner Bros.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Mlondi Dlamini

**Mlondi Edward Dlamini** (3 March 1997 – 8 October 2017) was a South African professional footballer. He played for Maritzburg United. He played as a midfielder. He was born in Howick, South Africa.

Dlamini died in a car accident on 8 October 2017.

## References
Bastian Obermayer

**Bastian Obermayer** (born 1977 in Rosenheim) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning German investigative journalist with the Munich-based newspaper *Süddeutsche Zeitung* (SZ), and the reporter who received the Panama Papers from an anonymous source. 

Obermayer is also author of several books, among them the best selling account of the Panama Papers: The Panama Papers: Breaking the Story of How the Rich and Powerful Hide Their Money - co-authored by his colleague Frederik Obermaier.

## References
Wamego, Kansas

**Wamego** is a city in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, United States. 4,841 people lived there in the 2020 census.

The Kansas River flows along the southern edge of the city.

## References
Aylesford railway station

**Aylesford railway station** is a railway station in Aylesford in Kent. The station is 30 minutes away from South Aylesford Retail Park. The station is on the Medway Valley Line.

## Services
Train services at Aylesford are run by Southeastern, they use  EMUs.

The off-peak service:
* 2 trains per hour to 
* 2 trains per hour to  via 

Some trains go to .

On Sundays, the service is hourly.

## References
Ninozca Vasquez

**Ninoska Vásquez Álvarez** (born August 25, 1992 in Barquisimeto, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan model and beauty queen. She won the titles of Miss Tourism Universe 2014 and Miss Earth Venezuela 2017. She will represent Venezuela in Miss Earth 2017.

## References
## Other websites
*Miss Earth Official website
*Miss Earth Venezuela Official website
Palm Islands

**Palm Islands** is the name of a project to build three artificial archipelagos on the coast of Dubai.

## Related pages 
* Palm Jumeirah
Aylesford

**Aylesford** is a village and civil parish on the River Medway in Kent, It is 4 miles northwest of Maidstone in England.

It has a railway station called Aylesford railway station

It has a retail park called South Aylesford Retail Park. The following stores are at the Retail Park; Carpetright, Costa Coffee, Currys, Homebase, M&S Foodhall, Pets at Home and Smyths toy shop.

## References
## Other websites
Aylesford (disambiguation)

**Aylesford** may mean:

*Aylesford, the village in England
*Aylesford, Nova Scotia, the village in Canada
*Woodland Park, Lexington, (Sometimes called Aylesford), the neighborhood in United States
Panama Papers

The **Panama Papers** are 11.5 million leaked documents that talked about financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,488 offshore tax accounts. The documents, some traced back to the 1970s, were created by, and taken from, Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca, and were leaked in 2015 by an anonymous source to German journalist Bastian Obermayer.  

The documents contain personal financial information about wealthy individuals and public officials that had been kept private. While offshore business tax activities are legal, reporters found that some of the Mossack Fonseca shell corporations were used for illegal purposes, including fraud, tax evasion, and evading international sanctions.

## Related pages
* Paradise Papers
*Pandora Papers

## References
Mychael Knight

**Michael Anthony Knight Jr.** (April 11, 1978&nbsp;– October 17, 2017) was an American fashion designer. He was born in Nuremberg, Germany to Pamela and Michael Anthony Knight, Sr..

In 2005, Knight auditioned for the second season of the Bravo network reality television series, *Project Runway*, but he was not accepted as a season two contestant. In 2006, Knight reauditioned for *Project Runway*, and this time he was accepted as a contestant for season three. Knight went on to win season three's Fan Favorite award and to place fourth in the overall competition.

In 2007, Knight introduced his label, Mychael Knight, on BET's *Rip the Runway*  and he designed a line of custom tees for the Starbucks Corporation.

Knight died on October 17, 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 39. His death was possibly related to recent treatments for intestinal infection.

## References
Kingdom of France

The **Kingdom of France** (; ; ) is the name given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages and modern times.  According to historians, three major events started the Kingdom of France: the advent of Clovis I in 481, the Treaty of Verdun and the election of Hugues Capet in 987.  The kingdom lasted until 1792 and was briefly restored in 1814 to 1815 and then from 1815 to 1848.

The King of the Franks, Clovis I, sealed the alliance of Frankish Kingdoms with the Catholic Church at his baptism.  That alliance was perpetuated in the Kingdom of France by the crowning of kings at Reims, which made them monarchs by divine right.  The first Capetians were anxious to crown their eldest son in their lifetime because their authority was limited in reality to the Ile de France.  It was not until Philippe Auguste that their official acts called it the Kingdom of France and that they are able to make a real act of authority throughout the kingdom.  Their territory was the feudal fiefs of which king of Western France had been the suzerain since the 843 division of the Carolingian Empire.

The gradual integration of the feudal fiefs into the royal domain required the establishment of a royal administration.  Louis IX attached the main importance to its role as justiciary.  The *parlement*, the high court of justice, was put in place.  The Hundred Years' War allowed Charles VII to establish an army and permanent taxes.  Richelieu and Louis XIV strengthened the royal authority in the provinces by bringing the local governors of the nobility under their stewardship and by delegating to them stewards appointed by the king.

The tendency of royalty to exercise more and more absolute power could be challenged in times of turmoil, civil wars and the reigns of minor kings.  The dispute took a more pronounced character on the occasion of the diffusion of the philosophy of enlightenment and of the values that it carried: government of reason, separation of powers, individual liberties.  The French Revolution led to the establishment of a French constitutional monarchy.  However, the different formulas experienced failure in 1792, 1830 and 1848, which ended the French monarchy.

## References
Constanze Mozart

**Maria Constanze Cäcilia Josepha Johanna Aloysia Mozart** (née **Weber**,  5 January 1762 – 6 March 1842) was a German singer and businesswoman. She was the wife of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the cousin of Carl Maria von Weber. After her husband's death, she married again to Georg Nikolaus von Nissen and wrote a biography about Wolfgang.

## Early life 
Constanze Weber was born in Zell im Wiesental. She was the fourth child of Fridolin Weber and Marie Cecilia Stamm. Her father was a music copyist and a bass player. She and her sisters were trained to be opera singers.

## Marriage with Mozart 
Constanze's family first met Mozart in Mannheim. Mozart suggested to his father Leopold to send Aloysia to Italy. His father did not agree to this idea. After from his trip to Paris, Mozart went to Mannheim. He hoped to meet Aloysia and the Webers again. However, they had moved to Munich. Mozart arrived at Munich on Christmas Dy 1778. Aloysia rejected Mozart when he met her.

The Webers moved to Vienna in 1779. Later, in 1781, Mozart moved to Vienna. He lived with the Webers. 

## Marriage with Nissen 
In 1797, Constanze met Georg Nikolaus von Nissen, a Danish diplomat working in Vienna. Constanze moved to live together with Nissen in 1798. The couple moved to Copenhagen in 1810. They moved back to Salzburg in 1821. Nissen started collecting Mozart's letters around this time. However, he died in 1826 before he could finish his work.

## Later life and death 
After Nissen's death, Constanze published Nissen's biography of Mozart in 1828. She died on March 6, 1842. She was buried with her father-in-law Leopold and her second husband.

## References
Maidstone Barracks railway station

**Maidstone Barracks railway station** is one of three railway stations which serve Maidstone in Kent.

## Services
Train services at Maidstone Barracks are run by Southeastern, They use  EMUs.

The off-peak service is:
* 2 trains per hour to 
* 2 trains per hour to  via 

Some trains go to .

On Sundays, the service is hourly.

## Related pages
*Maidstone East railway station
*Maidstone West railway station

## References
## Other websites 
*Train times and station information for Maidstone Barracks railway station from National Rail
Schnaus

**Schnaus** was a municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Schnaus, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.

## Other websites
Ricardo Vidal

**Ricardo Tito Jamin Vidal** (; 6 February 1931 – 18 October 2017) was a Filipino cardinal-priest and the Archbishop-Emeritus of Cebu in the Roman Catholic Church. On 15 October 2010 his resignation as Archbishop of Cebu was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI; he was replaced by Jose S. Palma, formerly Archbishop of Palo, on 13 January 2011. He was born in Mogpog, Marinduque.

Vidal was President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) from 1986 to 1987, and became Chairman of the  CBCP-Episcopal Commission on the Clergy in 1989. He was appointed as the  Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences's Convenor of the Standing Committee (1985 to 1994).

Vidal died on 18 October 2017 in Cebu City, Philippines from sepsis at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
*Vatican Cardinal Bio
*Biography at catholic-pages.com 
*Catholic Hierarchy – Ricardo Jamin Cardinal Vidal
*Cardinal Ricardo Jamin Vidal at cardinalrating.com 
*Cardinal Ricardo J. Vidal at cbcponline.net
Optician

**Opticians** fit eyeglasses or contact lenses from a  prescription from an optometrist or ophthalmologist.  Generally they run businesses.  In some countries they may be paid by health services or health insurers.

The earliest known opticians are in the thirteenth century in Italy.

In the British National Health Service about 5 million pairs of spectacles were provided each year in the 1950s.

See also: Optics

## References
Beverly Reid O'Connell

'''Beverly Reid O'Connell''' (May 12, 1965 – October 8, 2017) was an American judge. She served as United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California from April 30, 2013 until her death on October 8, 2017. She was nominated by President Barack Obama. She was born in Ventura, California.

O'Connell died on October 8, 2017 at a hospital in Santa Monica, California while being in a coma after suffering from a brain aneurysm at the age of 52.

## References
## Other websites
*FJC Bio
Kowalczyk brothers

]]
**Ryszard Kowalczyk** (20 February 1937 – 18 October 2017) and **Jerzy Kowalczyk** (born 1942) are Polish brothers who planted a bomb as a protest against the communist rule in Poland. The Kowalczyk brothers were scientists at Opole University. They were born in Warsaw.

## Bombing
On 6 October 1971 as a protest specifically against the violence perpetrated by the communist authorities against a large workers' protest. The big explosion destroyed the university hall where the celebrations were to take place.

## Pardoning
With the rise of Solidarity in the 1980s, pardons were issued and the brothers were freed for good behavior: Ryszard in 1983 and Jerzy in 1985. In 1991 President Lech Wałęsa decided that their sentences were legally *forgotten* which would allow them to work again.

## Life
Ryszard Kowalczyk died on 18 October 2017 in Warsaw at the age of 80.

## References
Winnie Chlomin Lee

**Winnie Chlomin Lee** (born August 25, 1977 in Hong Kong) is a Chinese-American fashion and wedding dress designer. She is the co-founder and creative director of the Winnie Couture, wedding attire brand, based in Beverly Hills, California.

## Early life 
Lee was born and raised in Hong Kong, immigrated to the United States at the age of 15. Lee is said to be passionate about sewing dressmaking from a very young age, with an innate sense of style and these are said to reflect in her designs.

She attended the School of Architecture at the University of Houston.She married her life partner Chris Lee in 1999.

## Career 
Lee and her husband found Winnie Couture in 2001. Lee’s designs are largely said to embody “classic-feminine” bridal fashion. Lee is known for her structural, tailored and flawless designs. Winnie Couture is known to be one of the fastest growing and high-in-demand bridal collections nationally and internationally in places like Europe and Asia.

Lee’s label is well-known Hollywood having dressed celebrities like, Giuliana Rancic, Kelly Clarkson, Lea Michele, Jennifer Aniston, Masiela Lusha, and Helen Hunt.

Lee’s designs have been featured in InStyle, Brides, Modern Luxury, Modern Brides, and People. Lee has appeared on various TV shows such as, ABC’s The Bachelorette, The CW’s Shedding for the Wedding, Oprah Winfrey Network’s Don't Tell the Bride, E!’s Bridalplasty, VH1’s Basketball Wives, and WE TV's My Fair Wedding.

## References
MIMO

MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) is a technology which allows an antenna or multiple antennas to communicate with multiple devices, which minimizes errors and maximize efficiency. The most commonly used MIMO variant is MU-MIMO, which stands for Multiple User-Multiple Input, Multiple Output. In layman's terms, imagine a classroom with one teacher and many students who need help. Since there is only one teacher, it will take the teacher a while to fully help all the students. But if there are multiple teachers, students will get help much faster and better. The same way, a router with MU-MIMO technology will be able to communicate with multiple devices with increased speed and minimal errors.

MIMO technologies are most commonly found in routers, smartphones, laptops, TVs, etc. Wi-Fi, LTE; Long Term Evolution, and many other radio, wireless and RF technologies are using the new MIMO wireless technology to provide increased link capacity and spectral efficiency combined with improved link reliability using what were previously seen as interference paths.

Two researchers: Arogyaswami Paulraj and Thomas Kailath were first to propose the use of spatial multiplexing using MIMO in 1993 and in the following year their US patent was granted.

## References
Vauxhall (disambiguation)

**Vauxhall** is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth. it may also refer to:

## Settlements
* Vauxhall, Auckland, a suburb on the North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand
* Vauxhall, Alberta, a town in Alberta, Canada
* Vauxhall, Birmingham, an area of Birmingham, England
* Vauxhall, Liverpool, an inner city area of Liverpool, England
* Vauxhall, New Jersey
* Vauxhall, Otago, a suburb of Dunedin, New Zealand

## Places
* Vauxhall station, a National Rail and London Underground station serving that district
* Vauxhall Gardens, an 18th-century London pleasure garden
* New York Vauxhall Gardens, an 18th-century pleasure garden in New York City
* Vauxhall, Brussels, an 18th-century concert hall in Brussels, Belgium
* Vauxhall (Gothenburg), an 18th century Gothenburg pleasure garden

## Other
* Vauxhall (UK Parliament constituency).
* Vauxhall Motors a British car company
* Vauxhall Motors F.C., an English football club
* *Vauxhall and I*, a 1994 album by the British singer Morrissey
Issam Zahreddine

'''Issam Jad'aan Zahreddine** (, 9 September 1961 – 18 October 2017 sometimes called as **Issam Zaher Eldin** or **Issam Zaher al-Deen''', was a Major General of the Syrian Republican Guard. He played a major role in the Syrian Civil War, leading government forces on several fronts. His most prominent role was the leadership of the surrounded Syrian forces during the over three-year long Siege of Deir ez-Zor.  

Syrian news agencies reported on 18 October 2017, that Zahreddine was killed by a land mine explosion during operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant on Saqr island in Deir ez-Zor.

## References
Rhins

The **Rhins** or **Reins** is a river in central France in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is a right tributary of the Loire river.

## Geography
The Rhins river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of .

### Course
The Rhins starts in the *Monts du Beaujolais*, in the *commune* of Ranchal, (Rhône department), at an altitude of about . From here, the Rhins flows first to the south, then to the west and ends flowing to the northwest.

The Rhins river flows within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, 2 departments and 21 *communes*. It flows through the following *communes*, among others:

## Main tributaries
 Rhins (l) - Gand (r) in Saint-Cyr-de-Favières.]]
The main tributaries of the Rhins river are:

**Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Saint-Cyr-de-Favières (1969 - 2017)**

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 bar:Feb from:0 till: 8.830
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 bar:Apr from:0 till: 6.260
 bar:May from:0 till: 5.830
 bar:Jun from:0 till: 3.520
 bar:Jul from:0 till: 2.050
 bar:Aug from:0 till: 1.260
 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1.680
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 bar:Aug at: 1.260 fontsize:S text: 1.260 shift:(-12,5)
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 bar:Oct at: 3.630 fontsize:S text: 3.630 shift:(-12,5)
 bar:Nov at: 6.850 fontsize:S text: 6.850 shift:(-12,5)
 bar:Dec at: 7.630 fontsize:S text: 7.630 shift:(-12,5)

The Rhins is a very irregular small river; it shows typical seasonal changes. The highest levels of the river are in winter and spring, from November to May inclusive, with the highest level in February. They are followed by a rapid fall in the flow during the low water period that goes from late June to early October.

## Related pages
* List of rivers of France

## References
Eamonn Campbell

**Eamonn Campbell** (29 November 1946 – 18 October 2017) was an Irish musician. He was known for being a member of The Dubliners from 1987 until his death in 2017. He was born in Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland. 

Campbell was known as a guitarist and has a rough voice similar to the late Dubliner founding member Ronnie Drew. He produced all of the Dubliners' albums from 1987 onwards, as well as albums for many other Irish artists, including Foster and Allen, Brendan Shine, Daniel O'Donnell and Paddy Reilly. 

Campbell died on 18 October 2017, in Dublin of heart failure at the age of 70.

## References
## Other websites
Ingvar Lidholm

**Ingvar Natanael Lidholm** (24 February 1921 – 17 October 2017) was a Swedish composer. He was born in Jönköping, Sweden. Lidholm completed a number of new works: the piano pieces *Sonatin* (“Sonatina”), *(10) Miniatyrer* (“Ten Miniatures”), and *Lätta pianostyken* (“Easy Piano Pieces”). In 1956, Lidholm left his conducting post in Örebro to assume the head of the Chamber Music Department at Swedish Radio.

Lindholm was awarded the Rolf Schock Prize in 1993.

Lidholm died in Stockholm, Sweden on 17 October 2017 at the age of 96.

## References
## Other websites
* Biography
* Swedish music 
* Record review
Mountain weasel

The **mountain weasel** (*Mustela altaica*), is a type of weasel. It is also called the pale weasel, Altai weasel or solongoi.

## Description
Males are about 12.5–17 in (320–630&nbsp;mm) long. Males can weigh 8–12 oz (230–340 g). Females are a little bit smaller. They are 12–15 in (309–377&nbsp;mm). Females weigh about 4–8 oz (110–230 g). The summer fur is gray to gray-brown fur with some light yellow. The winter fur is more of a dark yellow with some brown. In both seasons, the underbelly is pale yellow to creamy white.

## Distribution and Habitat
This weasel lives in high-altitude environments, and also on rocky tundra and grassy woodlands. This weasel rests in rock crevices, tree trunks, and abandoned burrows of other animals or the animals it previously hunted. The home range size of this animal is currently unknown.

Geographical distribution for this species lies in parts of Asia from Kazakhstan, Tibet, and the Himalayas to Mongolia, northeastern China, southern Siberia, Korea, and also some parts of Russia. The most common area for this species, however, is Ladakh, India.

## Reproduction
Overall, these animals are thought to be live by themselves except when mating. The mountain weasel breeds once a year.

## Feeding
Mountain weasels are carnivores. They mainly feed on pikas and voles. They have an important ecological role in controlling the population of the voles. Muskrats, rabbits, ground squirrels, small birds, lizards, frogs, fish, and insects are also eaten.

## Conservation status
The conservation status, according to the IUCN, is "near threatened" because it is considered to be in a significant decline. It requires monitoring mainly because of habitat and resource loss.

## References
Yoweri Museveni

**Yoweri Kaguta Museveni** (born 15 August 1944) is a Ugandan Military Officer, Politician and revolutionary who is the 9th and current President of Uganda since 1986. He is considered autocratic. After losing the election of 1980, he started the Ugandan Bush War which caused over 100,000 deaths and led to the removal of Milton Obote.

Museveni is well known for being anti–democracy and as well as anti–homosexuality. He is one of Africa's longest serving leaders. His rule had brought many changes in Uganda. Museveni was a very strong believer of dictatorship and absolutism that in 2005, he scrapped presidential term limits in Uganda and the presidential age limit in 2017.

On 16 January 2021, Museveni was re-elected for a sixth term with 58.6% of the vote, despite many videos and reports that show ballot box stuffing, over 400 polling stations with 100% voter turnout, and human rights violations. As of 2022, after 36 years of his authoritarian rule, Uganda has been ranked 166th in GDP (nominal) per capita and List of countries by 167th by Human Development Index.

In June 2025, Yoweri Museveni announced his candidacy for the January 2025 presidential election. .

Initial results released on 16 January showed Museveni leading in the 2026 presidential election with 76.25% of the vote, followed by Bobi Wine with 19.85%. Wine's supporters protested the results. On 17 January, Museveni was officially declared the winner of the presidential election with 71.65% of the vote.

## References 
* www.bbc.com
History of genetic engineering

The history of genetic engineering started around 12,000 BC. At the time, humans tried to domesticate animals. 

The first artificial genetic engineering occurred in 1972. Two scientists named Herbert Norman Cohen transferred DNA then. In 1983, the first tobacco plant was created using genetic engineering. A gene that resisted antibiotics was introduced to the pl ant. 

## Agriculture
Officially, genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of the genome with techniques developed in the 1970s. Without technology, genetic engineering has occurred in ancient times. It was through domestication and artificial selection that plants and animals were engineered. It is believed that the dog is the first domesticated animal, most likely from wolves. 
## Research
Development of genetic engineering allows scientists to study diseases.
Arrondissements of the Puy-de-Dôme department

There are 5 **arrondissements in the Puy-de-Dôme department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into *arrondissements*, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The 5 arrondissements of Puy-de-Dôme are:

## History
Since its creation, the Puy-de-Dôme department has had some changes:
* 1790 : creation of the Puy-de-Dôme department with eight districts: Ambert, Besse, Billom, Clermont-Ferrand, Issoire, Montaigu, Riom and Thiers, with Clermont-Ferrand as its capital.
* 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Ambert, Clermont-Ferrand, Issoire, Riom and Thiers.
* 1926 : the *arrondissement* of  Ambert was eliminated.
* 1942 : Ambert became again an *arrondissement* of the department.

## Related pages
* Arrondissement of Ambert
* Arrondissement of Clermont-Ferrand
* Arrondissement of Issoire
* Arrondissement of Riom
* Arrondissement of Thiers
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
Hurricane Ophelia (2017)

**Hurricane Ophelia** (known as **Storm Ophelia** in the United Kingdom) was an Atlantic tropical cyclone in October 2017. The storm affected the United Kingdom, Ireland and France. Ophelia was the 10th consecutive hurricane and the 6th major hurricane of 2017.

The storm formed on 9 October. She peaked at Category 3 status.

Ophelia took three lives directly and another 45 lives indirectly.

Damage from the storm was more than $70 million USD.

The storm also affected Russia, Norway and Finland.

## References
Yeoh Tiong Lay

*Tan Sri* **Yeoh Tiong Lay** (; 18 December 1929 – 18 October 2017) was a Malaysian business tycoon. He founded YTL Corporation, Malaysia's largest conglomerate, with interests in construction, utilities, hotels, property development and technology.

YTL is based primarily in Malaysia but has extensive operations in Asia, Australia and the United Kingdom, where it owns the utility Wessex Water.

Yeoh was one of the richest individuals in Malaysia; his family is estimated to have a net worth of US$2.96 billion as of October 2017. Yeoh was honored with the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon by the Emperor of Japan.

Yeoh died of a heart attack on 18 October 2017 at the age of 87.

## References
Sphere Fluidics

**Sphere Fluidics** is an  Cambridge-based Life Sciences Research and Development company specializing in developing novel tools for biopharmaceutical discovery and development, cell therapy engineering, analysis and isolation. Sphere Fluidics has been named one of the UK's top 50 disruptive SMEs by Real Business in 2015.

## History 
Sphere Fluidics Limited was originally established in 2010, by two chemistry professors of Cambridge University, Professor Chris Abell and Professor Wilhelm Huck along with Dr. Frank F. Craig, an entrepreneur, and Dr. Maher Khaled, a Cambridge University Enterprise.

In 2013, Sphere Fluidics spun out of Cambridge University to a new research facility in Babraham Research Campus. In 2013, Sphere Fluidics won an award for academic spin-outs at the ACES awards.

## Overview 
Sphere Fluidics operates in various markets including biopharmaceutical discovery and development, anti-microbial screening, synthetic biology and genome editing of single cells. 

In July 2017, Sphere Fluidics won “Best Investment in Life Sciences” Award, in the event held by the UK Business Angels Association.

## Funding 
Sphere Fluidics had raised £11 million as of 2017, from investors namely, 24 Haymarket, Amadeus Capital Partners, Greenwood Way Capital, University of Cambridge Enterprise, University of Cambridge, Parkwalk Advisors, Providence Investment Company, London Business Angels, Envestors, Angels5K, Cambridge Angels, Q-Ventures and a Japanese corporate investor.

## Cyto-Mine Technology 
Cyto-Mine Technology is one of the patented products of Sphere Fluidics.

Cyto-Mine technology is the integrated device that is able to automatically perform single cell analysis, sorting, imaging and dispensing into individual wells of microtitre plates in a single compact system.

According to the scientists at Sphere Fluidics, Cyto-Mine can perform millions of single-cell assays daily, offering up to a 100-fold improvement over conventional techniques, at lower capital and operational cost. 

## References
Miguel Ángel Loayza

**Miguel Ángel Loayza Ríos** (21 June 1940 – 19 October 2017) was a football midfielder from Peru. He played for several clubs, notably Argentine clubs Huracán, Boca Juniors and River Plate as well as Colombian club Deportivo Cali. He was famous for his short passing, creativity and excellent dribbling ability, nicknamed "El Maestrito" (*The Teacher small*) in Argentina and "El Mago" (*The magician*) in Colombia.

## References
## Other websites
*Los años 60 de Huracán
*Loayza con Deportivo Cali en Copa Libertadores 
*Tan real como curioso
Umberto Lenzi

**Umberto Lenzi** (6 August 1931 – 19 October 2017) was an Italian movie director and screenwriter. He was best known for his movies *Cannibal Ferox*, *Nightmare City*, and *Ghosthouse*. 

Lenzi died on 19 October 2017 in Rome at the age of 86.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Interview with Umberto Lenzion, 'Cultfilms en Kutfilms' (4 April 2008)
Middlemarch

***Middlemarch, A Study of Provincial Life*** is the best-known book written by English author George Eliot. It was first published in eight volumes during 1871–72. The novel is set in the fictional Midlands town of Middlemarch during 1829–32.

## Further reading
* Adam, Ian, ed. (1975). *This Particular Web: essays on Middlemarch.* Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
* 
* 
* Chase, Karen, ed. (2006). *Middlemarch in the Twenty-First Century*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Daiches, David (1963). * George Eliot: Middlemarch.* London: Arnold.
* 
* Garrett, Peter K (1980). *The Victorian Multiplot Novel: Studies in Dialogical Form*. New Haven: Yale University Press. .
* 
* Harvey, W. J. (1961). *The Art of George Eliot*. London: Chatto & Windus.
* 
* Kettle, Arnold (1951). *An Introduction to the English Novel, Volume I: To George Eliot*. London: Hutchinson.
* 

## References
## Other websites
* Manuscript of *Middlemarch*  at the British Library
* *Middlemarch*  on the British Library's Discovering Literature website
* *Middlemarch* at Goodreads
* 
* *Middlemarch* at Victorian Web
Venantino Venantini

**Venantino Venantini** (17 April 1930 &ndash; 8 October 2018) was an Italian movie actor. He has appeared in over 140 movies from 1954 until his retirement in 2016. He was born in Fabriano, Italy.

Venantini was known for *No Sun in Venice* (1957), *The Agony and the Ecstasy* (1965), *Le Grand Restaurant* (1966), *Erotissimo* (1969), ''The Priest's Wife* (1971), *Seven Deaths in the Cat's Eye* (1973), *Black Emanuelle* (1975), *The Concorde Affair* (1979), *Cannibal Ferox* (1981), and *Le bon roi Dagobert'' (1984).

Venantini died on 8 October 2018 in Viterbo, Italy from heart surgery complications at the age of 88.

## References
## Other websites
*
British food

plate from Scotland]]
**British food** or **British cuisine** is the traditional food and drink popular with the people of the United Kingdom. Some of the most popular dishes include fish and chips, Yorkshire pudding, sausage roll, among others.  There are many differences between the traditional food and drink in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and in the numerous regions of England. There are also many differences in the food and drink found in different classes of society. 

## References
Artemisia annua

***Artemisia annua***, also known as **sweet wormwood**, **sweet annie**, **sweet sagewort**, **annual mugwort** or **annual wormwood** (), is a common type of wormwood native to temperate Asia, but naturalized in many countries including scattered parts of North America.

## References
Letter case

**Letter case** is the difference between uppercase or capital letters and digits and lowercase or small letters and digits for certain writing systems. The name comes from letters on a printing press, where uppercase letters were stored on top of the lowercase letters in a drawer. Their formal names are "majuscule" and "minuscule" in the same order. Writing systems that have letter case include the Latin alphabet, the Greek alphabet and the Cyrillic alphabet.

When the first alphabets were made, they only had uppercase letters. Overtime, especially during the Middle Ages, lowercase letters were made to write more quickly. Other than Greek and Latin, European languages made no clear differences between capital and lowercase letters until the year 1300.

Different languages have different rules for when to capitalize or not to capitalize letters. For example, German always capitalizes nouns, while English only capitalizes proper nouns, so while German would write "the automobile" as "das Auto", English would not do the same. However, nearly all languages with letter case capitalize the first letter of the first word of every sentence.

## Related pages 
* Capitalization
Sebastian Kurz

**Sebastian Kurz** (born 27 August 1986) is a former  Austrian politician. He held the post of  Chancellor of Austria twice, from 2017 to 2019, and in 2020 and 2021. Before, he was chancellor from 18 December 2017 to 28 May 2019. At age 29, he is the youngest person to become Chancellor of Austria to this date. He was also the world's youngest chancellor at the time.   

## Career 
He was Austria's Minister for Foreign Affairs and Integration from 2013 to 2017. He became Europe's youngest Foreign Minister at the age of 27. In May 2017 he became the chairman of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). 

Following the 2017 legislative election, the ÖVP led by Kurz secured the most seats in the National Council, leaving it in a position to lead the next government.

As Chancellor he led the federal government consisting of a coalition of the ÖVP and FPÖ parties since December 18, 2017. He was removed from office on 28 May 2019 by President Alexander Van der Bellen following a political scandal known as the Ibiza affair.

However, he returned to power in 2020 following a snap election. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted his government agendas. His response to the pandemic included lockdowns and curfews. Many of his government officials resigned.

An investigation into the Ibiza affair and a corruption inquiry led to Kurz resigning. Alexander Schallenberg, minister for foreign affairs, replaced him as chancellor on 11 October 2021.

## References
## Other websites
* Personal Website
October 2017 Northern California wildfires

The **October 2017 Northern California wildfires** were a series of fires in California. The fires started on October 8 and 9 across Sonoma, Mendocino, Napa, Solano, Lake and Butte counties in the state.

There were seventeen separate wildfires burning across California.

Over 5,700 houses and businesses were severely damaged or destroyed in the fires.

The Tubbs fire was the most expensive of the fires. It caused over $1 billion USD in damage.

Other fires included the Atlas fire and Nuns fire.

## References
2016 United States presidential election in Hawaii

The **2016 United States presidential election in Hawaii** was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

In the presidential election, Hillary Clinton easily defeated Donald Trump and received 3 electoral votes.

## Presidential 
### Polling 
Below is a table with the polling results in Hawaii. Hawaii has voted Democrat in the general election since 1988.

### Results 
 Turnout was 58.4%.

### Results by county 
## Primaries and caucuses 
### Democratic 
The Democratic caucus occurred on 26 March 2016.

### Republican 
The Republican primary occurred on 8 March 2016.

## Related pages
* Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
* Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

## References 
## Other websites 
* RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process 
* Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
* 2016 Presidential primaries , ElectionProjection.com
Oakland firestorm of 1991

The **Oakland firestorm of 1991** was a major fire in October 1991 in west-central California. The fire began on Saturday, October 19, 1991 on the hillsides of northern Oakland and southern Berkeley.

The official name of this wildfire was "Tunnel fire".

Twenty-five people died in this wildfire. Another 150 were injured.

The fire caused $1.5 billion in damage.

More than 2,800 houses and 437 apartments and condominiums were severely damaged or destroyed by the fire.

## History 
The Oakland firestorm of 1991 was a big fire that started from a small fire that was not put out well. The small fire was on a hill near a road. The big fire happened on October 19 and 20, 1991. It burned many houses and trees in Oakland, California and Berkeley, California. The wind made the fire move fast and far. Many people died or got hurt in the fire. Many people also lost their homes and things in the fire

## References
Arrondissement of Ambert

The **arrondissement of Ambert** is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Puy-de-Dôme *département*, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and a subprefecture of the department, is the city of Ambert.

## History
When the Puy-de-Dôme department was created in 1790, the *arrondissement* of Ambert was part of that original department.

In 1926, the *arrondissement* of Ambert was eliminated but, in 1942, it became again an *arrondissement* of the department. and is the *arrondissement* with fewest people living in it, with a population of 26,653 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².

## Composition
### Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the *arrondissements* so they could have *communes* that belong to different *arrondissements*.

In the *arrondissement* of Ambert there are only 2 cantons:

# Ambert (6302)
# Les Monts du Livradois (6322) (partly)

### Communes
The *arrondissement* of Ambert has 58 *communes*; they are (with their INSEE codes):

# Aix-la-Fayette (63002)
# Ambert (63003)
# Arlanc (63010)
# Auzelles (63023)
# Baffie (63027)
# Bertignat (63037)
# Beurières (63039)
# Brousse (63056)
# Le Brugeron (63057)
# Ceilloux (63065)
# Chambon-sur-Dolore (63076)
# Champétières (63081)
# La Chapelle-Agnon (63086)
# La Chaulme (63104)
# Chaumont-le-Bourg (63105)
# Condat-lès-Montboissier (63119)
# Cunlhat (63132)
# Domaize (63136)
# Doranges (63137)
# Dore-l'Église (63139)
# Échandelys (63142)
# Églisolles (63147)
# Fayet-Ronaye (63158)
# La Forie (63161)
# Fournols (63162)
# Grandrif (63173)
# Grandval (63174)
# Job (63179)
# Marat (63207)
# Marsac-en-Livradois (63211)
# Mayres (63218)
# Medeyrolles (63221)
# Le Monestier (63230)
# Novacelles (63256)
# Olliergues (63258)
# Saillant (63309)
# Saint-Alyre-d'Arlanc (63312)
# Saint-Amant-Roche-Savine (63314)
# Saint-Anthème (63319)
# Saint-Bonnet-le-Bourg (63323)
# Saint-Bonnet-le-Chastel (63324)
# Saint-Clément-de-Valorgue (63331)
# Sainte-Catherine (63328)
# Saint-Éloy-la-Glacière (63337)
# Saint-Ferréol-des-Côtes (63341)
# Saint-Germain-l'Herm (63353)
# Saint-Gervais-sous-Meymont (63355)
# Saint-Just (63371)
# Saint-Martin-des-Olmes (63374)
# Saint-Pierre-la-Bourlhonne (63384)
# Saint-Romain (63394)
# Saint-Sauveur-la-Sagne (63398)
# Sauvessanges (63412)
# Thiolières (63431)
# Tours-sur-Meymont (63434)
# Valcivières (63441)
# Vertolaye (63454)
# Viverols (63465)

The *communes* with more inhabitants in the *arrondissement* are:

## Related pages
* Arrondissements of the Puy-de-Dôme department
* List of arrondissements of France

## References
2017–18 NHL season

The **2017-18 NHL season** is the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. The 31 teams are playing an 82-game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017 and ended on April 7, 2018. The Stanley Cup playoffs began a few days after and the Stanley Cup finals was held between Washington Capitals and Vegas Golden Knights which ended with the Washington Capitals winning their first Stanley cup in their franchise history. The Vegas Golden Knights joined the league for this season and became the first team to win the first three games of their history. They now have five wins and one loss making them the first team to do this since the Montreal Canadiens in the NHL's first season. The two-time defending Stanley Cup and Eastern Conference champions are the Pittsburgh Penguins while Penguins' player Sidney Crosby is the two-time defending Conn Smythe Trophy winner. The Nashville Predators are the defending Western Conference champions. The Washington Capitals are the two-time defending Presidents' Trophy winners. Edmonton Oilers player Connor McDavid is the defending winner of the Hart Memorial and Art Ross Trophies.

## Standings
Tie Breakers:
1. Fewer number of games played.
2. Greater Regulation + OT Wins (ROW)
3. Greatest number of points earned in head-to-head play (If teams played an unequal # of head-to-head games, the result of the first game on the home ice of the team with the extra home game is discarded.)
4. Greater Goal differential
Brent Briscoe

**Brent Briscoe** (May 21, 1961 – October 18, 2017) was an American actor and screenwriter. He was born in Moberly, Missouri. He was known for working with Billy Bob Thornton on *Sling Blade*. He also worked with Mark Fauser, who was his college roommate. He appeared in the 2017 television series *Twin Peaks* as Detective Dave Macklay. He wrote the screenplay for *Waking Up in Reno*.

Briscoe died in Los Angeles, California on October 18, 2017 from complications of a fall at the age of 56.

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Zapolyarny, Murmansk Oblast

**Zapolyarny** (Russian: Заполя́рный) is a town in the Pechengsky District of northern Murmansk Oblast. It is about 103 kilometers (64 miles) away from the administrative centre of Murmansk. In 2010, the population was 15,825 people.

The area was owned by Finland between 1920 and 1944. The town was founded in 1956 as **Zhdanovsk**.

Zapolyarny is the closest settlement to the Koshka Yavr air base.

## Related pages 
*List of cities and towns in Russia

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official website
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)

The **UEFA 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification** tournament was held from 4 September 2016 and 14 November 2017 and was used to determine which European teams will qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Robert Lewandowski was the top scorer, with 16 goals.

## First round 
The first round consisted of 9 groups made up of 6 teams each. The winners of each group directly qualified for the world cup, while the best runners-up moved on to the second round. The draw occurred on 25 July 2015 in Saint Petersburg.

### Group A 
### Group B 
### Group C 
### Group D 
### Group E 
### Group F 
### Group G 
### Group H 
### Group I 
### Ranking of runners-up 
## Second round 
The best runners-up from the first round qualified for the second round. The draw occurred on 17 October 2017 in Zurich. The teams who win these matches will finally qualify for the world cup.

|}

## Qualified teams 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 
**Qualifiers – Europe , FIFA.com
*FIFA World Cup, UEFA.com
Populist Party

The **Populist Party** can refer to:

* The People's Party (United States), a left-wing agrarian party that existed from 1891 to 1908. It was usually called the Populist Party.
* The People's Party (United States, 1971), a party that was influenced by the previous People's Party. It existed from 1971 to 1976. Also sometimes called the Populist Party.
People's Party (United States, 1971)

The '''People's Party''' was a political party in the United States. The party was created by individuals from the Peace and Freedom Party, Human Rights Party, Liberty Union Party and a few more. Their goal was to present an anti-war platform for the upcoming election. The party ran in the 1972 and 1976 presidential elections. The party did not get more than 0.10% of the popular vote in both elections.

In the 1972 election, the party nominated pediatrician Benjamin Spock. Julius Hobson was his vice-presidential running mate. He supported universal health care, removing American troops from other countries (see non-interventionism) and the legalization of abortion and Marijuana. He received 0.10% of the popular vote, or 78,759 votes. In the 1976 election, the party nominated Margaret Wright, and Benjamin Spock ran as her vice-presidential running mate. In the end, she received 0.06% of the vote, or 49,013 votes.

After the elections, the party wanted to become a coalition, but many of the founding parties dissolved, so the People's Party disbanded as well.

## References