open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Frölunda HC

**Frölunda HC** is an ice hockey club in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. It was started in 1944 as the ice hockey team of Västra Frölunda IF. The ice hockey section became an independent club in 1984. It then adopted the name **Västra Frölunda HC**. In 2004 the name was shortened to **Frölunda HC**.

The club adopted the nickname **Indians** in 1995. The nickname refers to the team being nicknamed the *Wild West* back in the 1960s.

Frölunda HC won the Swedish national championship in the years of 1965, 2003, 2005 and 2016. The team also lost the Swedish national finals in 1966, 1967, 1980, 1996 and 2006.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
John Kotelawala

General **Sir** **John Lionel Kotelawala**  (; 4 April 1897 – 2 October 1980) was a Sri Lankan soldier and politician. He was the third Prime Minister of Ceylon from 1953 to 1956.

## Early life and family 
.]]
 during World War I.]]
Sir John Kotelawala was from a rich family. His father, John Kotelawala Snr, was an inspector in the Ceylon Police Force. His mother was Alice Attygalle. John Kotelawala Snr committed suicide when his son was 11. The family were in ruins, Alice Attygalle converted to Christianity from Buddhism. He attended the same Royal College, Colombo, but dropped out after independence riots in 1915.

Thereafter he took a trip to Europe after leaving school, which was very dangerous because World War I was being fought there. He stayed in Europe for five years, spending most of that time in England and France and attending Christ's College, Cambridge, University of Cambridge to study farming.

Kotelawala was known as a strict man who loved sports, horseback riding, cricket and particularly as a young man, got into fights when he was made fun of. He knew Sinhala, English and French. After returning to Ceylon, he took up managing his family's "farm" and mines.

## Military career 
He went on to serve 23 years mostly as a reservist (meaning a back up) since the Ceylon Defense Force was a army reservist of the British Army. In 1939 he became the commanding officer of the Ceylon Light Infantry and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in 1940. With the start of World War II, he became a member of the Ceylon's War Cabinet and was made a Colonel in 1942, the highest rank that a Ceylonese could achieve. Making himself a respectful man.

A strong supporter of the military, he was the first Chairman of the Ceylon Light Infantry Association in 1974. He was promoted to the rank of general on his deathbed.

He gave his home to the government to establish a national defense academy.

## Political career 
As early as 1915, Kotelawala had become interested in political leaders such as Don Senanayake and his brother F.R. Senanayake, who was married to Kotelawala's mother's sister.

He entered politics by being elected to the Legislative Council as the member of Kurunegala. Thereafter he entered the State Council as a backbencher and was re-elected in 1936. In his second term he was appointed Minister of Communications.

## References
IF Brommapojkarna

**IF Brommapojkarna** is an association football club in Bromma in Sweden. The club was founded in 1942, and played its first Allsvenskan season in 2007.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Ängelholms FF

**Ängelholms FF** is an association football club in the town of Ängelholm in Sweden. The club was founded in 1976, and played its first Superettan season in 2002.

## Other websites
* Official website
D. S. Senanayake

**Don Stephen Senanayake** (; 20 October 1884 – 22 March 1952) was an independence activist. He was the first Prime Minister of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from 1947 to 1952.

## Early life 
He was born in the village Botale. He was the son of Mudaliyar Don Spater Senanayake and Dona Catherina Elizabeth Perera Gunasekera Senanayake. Brought up in a Buddhist family, he entered Anglican school S. Thomas' College, Mutwal. Though a smart student, at school Senanayake did not succeed. He witnessed Buck’s famous farewell speech "You have learned the best lessons from STC (St. Thomas’s College)... true manliness and truth, courage, purity and all those things that make a man a gentleman...".
Initial public offering

An **initial public offering** (**IPO**) or **stock market launch** is a type of public offering. A public offering is any tradeable asset that is offered to the public. In an initial public offering, shares of stock in a company are sold to the general public, on a securities exchange, for the first time. Through this process, a private company transforms into a public company. Initial public offerings are used by companies to raise money for expansion and to become publicly traded enterprises. A company selling shares is never required to repay the money to the people who buy them.

## Largest IPOs
The IPO of Alibaba, a Chinese technology company, was the largest IPO ever. Now, Saudi ARAMCO's 2019 IPO has become the largest one, by 25.6 billion dollars.

Before 2009, the United States was the leading issuer of IPOs in terms of total value. Since that time, however, China (Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong) has been the leading issuer. It raised up to US$73 billion until the end of November 2011. This was almost double the amount of money raised on the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ combined.

#Agricultural Bank of China US$22.1 billion (2010)
#Industrial and Commercial Bank of China US$21.9 billion (2006)
#American International Assurance US$20.5 billion (2010)
#Visa Inc. US$19.7 billion (2008)
#General Motors US$18.15 billion (2010)
#Meta, Inc. US$16 billion (2012)

## References
## Other websites
*Initial Public Offering (IPO) Definition and Calendar, Wikinvest
*IPO Guide from Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
*IPO GMP (Grey Market Premium) To track GMP Trends for Indian IPO's
IPO (disambiguation)

**IPO** may refer to:

* Initial public offering of a corporations' shares to the public
* Intellectual Property Office (disambiguation), a government agency in many nations
* Intellectual Property Owners Association
* International Philosophy Olympiad
* International Progress Organization, an organization dealing with world affairs, based in Vienna
* Instituto Português de Oncologia, in Portugal
* IPO (station), a metro station at the University of Porto, Portugal
* Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
* IPO Model (**I**nput, **P**rocessing, **O**utput), a conceptual model of computer systems
* Interprocedural optimization, a method of optimizing computer programs
* *Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugensis* (Treaty of Osnabrück), one of the two treaties of the Peace of Westphalia
* Impersonating a police officer
Sumith Balasuriya

Major General **Sumith Balasuriya**, VSV, USP, ndc, IG, SLA is a Sri Lankan general. He was the former Commandant, Sri Lankan Army Volunteer Force, Vice Chancellor/Commandant, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University and GOC, 23 Division.
Devinda Kalupahana

Major General **Devinda Kalupahana**, RSP, USP, psc, SLAC, is a Sri Lankan general. He was the former General Officer Commanding of 3rd Division, and 2nd Division. He was Director of Operations, General Staff and Commandant, at the Sri Lanka Military Academy.

Kalupahana was educated at Royal College, Colombo. He joined the army in 1966, training to becoming an officer, a Cadet officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.
Anuruddha Ratwatte

General **Anuruddha Leuke Ratwatte** (14 July 1938 – 24 November 2011) was a Sri Lankan politician and Cabinet Minister.

## Early life 
Ratwatte studied at Trinity College, Kandy. He was a cousin of Sirimavo Bandaranaike.

He is the son of Harris Leuke Ratwatte. He was a member of the State Council in 1936 to 1947 for Kegalle and United National Party Member of Parliament for Mawanella from 1947 to 1952. His eldest son, Lohan Ratwatte is the Member of Parliament representing the Kandy District and second son Mahendra Ratwatte is the current Mayor of Kandy.
Sepala Attygalle

General **Deshamanya Don Sepala Attygalle**, LVO, ADC, idc, psc, SLAC (1922 — January 2001) was a Sri Lankan military leader, a civil servant and a diplomat. He became the longest-serving Commander of the Sri Lankan Army (1967–1977). He went on to serve as the Permanent secretary to the Ministry of Defense and Sri Lankan High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.
Skellefteå AIK

**Skellefteå AIK** is an ice hockey club in the town of Skellefteå in Sweden. It was established on 1 July 1921. The club adopted the game of ice hockey in 1943. It won the Swedish national championship in 1978, 2013, 2014 and 2024. The team also lost the Swedish national finals in 2011, 2012, 2015 and 2018.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Talduwe Somarama

**Talduwe Ratugama Rallage Weris Singho**, better known as **Talduwe Somarama** (1915–1962), shot and killed Solomon Bandaranaike, the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon) in 1959. He later converted to Christianity, just weeks before being hanged in the Welikada gallows.

## References 
* A.C. Alles, Famous Criminal Cases of Sri Lanka, Volume III: The Assassination of Prime Minister SWRD Bandaranaike (Dec-1979): Published by the author. Hardcover published by Vantage, Inc., N.Y., U.S.A. 1986 as The Assassination of a Prime Minister. .
* Lucian G. Weeramantry, The Assassination of a Prime Minister - The Bandaranaike Murder Case (Hardcover, Geneva, Switzerland, 1969).
* Firoze Sameer, dOSSIEr COREA: A portfolio on crime (Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1999) .
* Seneviratne, H.L: Buddhist monks and ethnic politics. Anthropology Today, April 2001; 17(2): 15-21.
* Weeramantry, L.G: Assassination of a Prime Minister – The Bandaranaike Murder Case, Geneva, 1969.
Rouen Cathedral (Monet)

The ***Rouen Cathedral*** series of oil paintings of the Rouen Cathedral were done by Claude Monet in the 1890s. The paintings in the series each capture the front of the cathedral at different times of the day and year. They each show the changes in the way the cathedral looks under different lighting conditions.

In the middle of winter in 1892, Monet lived in rooms across from Rouen Cathedral. He stayed until spring, painting its façade many times. Most versions were painted as seen here: close up and cropped at the sides. He returned the next winter to paint the cathedral again. He made more than thirty views of it. It was not the Gothic façade that was Monet's subject. It was the atmosphere that surrounded the cathedral. "To me the motif itself is an insignificant factor," Monet said, "What I want to reproduce is what exists between the motif and me."

All of the paintings in the series were made in 1892 and 1893. They were reworked in Monet's studio in 1894. In 1895, he chose what he considered to be the twenty best paintings from the series, and displayed them at his gallery in Paris. Of these twenty, he sold eight before the exhibition was over. Pissarro and Cézanne visited the exhibition and praised the series highly.

## Gallery

Image:Claude Monet 032.jpg|*The portal and the tower of the saint-romain at morning sun, Harmony in Blue*1893Musée d'OrsayParis, France
Image:Claude Monet - Rouen Cathedral, Facade (Morning effect).JPG|*Rouen Cathedral, Facade (Morning effect)*1892-1894Folkwang MuseumEssen, Germany
Image:Claude Monet - Rouen Cathedral, Facade I.jpg|*Rouen Cathedral, Facade 1*1892-1894Pola Museum of ArtHakone, Japan
Image:Claude Monet La cathédrale de Rouen, le portail.jpg|*Rouen Cathedral, The Façade in Sunlight*1894Clark Art InstituteWilliamstown, USA
Image:Rouen Cathedral, West Facade.JPG|*Rouen Cathedral, West Facade*, 1894, National Gallery of Art
Image:Claude Monet - Rouen Cathedral, West Facade, Sunlight.jpg|*Rouen Cathedral, West Facade, Sunlight*, 1894, National Gallery of Art
Image:Rouen Cathedral- Setting Sun, Symphony in Grey and Pink.jpg|*Rouen Cathedral- Setting Sun, (Symphony in Grey and Pink)*, 1894, National Museum Cardiff, Great Britain
Image:Monet-cathedrale-rouen.jpg|''Rouen Cathedral, Facade and the Tour d'Albane. Grey Weather*, 1894, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen
Image:Claude Monet - Cathédrale de Rouen. Harmonie blanche.jpg|*La Cathédrale de Rouen. Le portail et la tour Saint-Romain, effet du matin ; harmonie blanche''1892-1893Musée d'OrsayParis, France
Image:Claude Monet - Rouen Cathedral, Facade and Tour d'AlbaneI.JPG|''Rouen Cathedral, Facade and Tour d'AlbaneI, dull day*1892-1894Beyeler MuseumRiehen, Switzerland
Image:Claude Monet, The Portal of Rouen Cathedral, le Portal vu de face.jpg|*Rouen Cathedral, the West Portal, Dull Weather''1892Musée d'OrsayParis, France

## References
## Other websites
*An analysis of Monet's Rouen series
*Essay on Monet's Rouen Cathedral series from the J. Paul Getty Museum
Mjällby AIF

**Mjällby AIF** is an association football club in Hällevik in Sweden. Mjällby played its first Allsvenskan season in 1980. The club was formed through a merge of the clubs Listers IF and Hälleviks IF. Mjällby plays at their current home stadium Strandvallen with a capacity of 7500 people.

## The fall to Division 1 and the climb back up 
At the end of the 2014 season Mjällby was degraded from the top tier Allsvenskan to the second tier Superettan. It didn't go well for Mjällby in Superettan when they came 13th and lost the relegation qualifiers against Örgryte IS. 

2017 they got second place and played the promotion qualification against Örgryte again, they won 2-1 at home but lost the second leg 3-1.

2018 was finally the year for Mjällby as they won Division 1 Södra and will be playing Superettan 2019.

Although Mjällby was tipped to finish at the bottom the surprised everyone and got 1st, they went up and are still playing in the Allsvenskan today!

## Other websites
* Official website
Striking Distance

***Striking Distance*** is an American melodrama thriller movie from 1993. It is about a police Sergeant, Tom Hardy, who rats out his partner for using excessive force on a suspect. The movie is also about abduction. Bruce Willis plays Tom Hardy. Sarah Jessica Parker plays Jo Christman and Emily Harper. This movie was released in September 1993 in United States theaters. The reviews were very bad. *Striking Distance* barely earned back its own $30 million budget.
The Chamber

***The Chamber*** is an American legal drama movie of 1996. It is about a former white supremacist who is a death row inmate scheduled to be executed soon in the State of Mississippi. Gene Hackman plays Sam Cayhill. Faye Dunaway plays Lee Cayhill Bowen. *The Chamber* got bad reviews. It performed very poorly in the box office.
Q*bert

***Q*bert*** (also known as ***Qbert***) is an arcade video game released by Gottlieb in 1982. In this game, the player has to change the color of the cubes on a pyramid by having the game's character jump on top of them. On each stage, the player has a color they have to change the cubes to. To complete the stage, the player has to change the cubes to that color. The player has to avoid obstacles and enemies in the way.

*Q*bert* was one the most popular arcade games of the 1980s. It sold around 25,000 arcade cabinets. It has been released on many video game consoles, including the Atari 2600, ColecoVision, and Commodore 64.

## References
The Birdcage

***The Birdcage*** is a 1996 American comedy movie. The movie is about the son of gay parents who is marrying the daughter of a conservative politician. Robin Williams plays Armand Goldman, Dianne Wiest plays Louise Keeley, Hank Azaria plays Agador, Calista Flockhart plays Barbara Keeley.

*The Birdcage* was released in March 1996 in the United States. Reviews on this movie were very positive. The movie was very successful at the box office. It was notable for being a happy story about a loving gay couple at a time when most depictions of gay men were tragic or negative, especially because of the AIDS crisis harming the LGBT community at the time.
School Daze

***School Daze*** is a 1988 musical drama movie. Spike Lee plays Darrell, Samuel L. Jackson stars as Leeds. Spike Lee was also director, producer and writer for the movie. The movie is about the lives of black students in Atlanta. *School Daze* was released in February of 1988. The reviews were very positive.
Plants of Connecticut

Connecticut has a variety of plant species. Connecticut belongs to the North American Atlantic Region.

* The state tree is the White Oak; or more specifically, the Charter Oak.
* The state flower is the Mountain Laurel.

## Biodiversity
A complete census of tree species taken in 1885 in Hartford County listed 56 species of trees.

## List of plants
## Floral regions
Connecticut has a lot of oak-hickory type central hardwood forests. This region historically had a lot of different oaks and chestnuts. However, hickory replaced chestnut with the spread of the chestnut blight.

In the northwestern hills of the state, there are more northern-hardwood type trees.

## Related pages
* Animals of Connecticut

## References
Final Analysis

***Final Analysis*** is an American 1992 melodrama thriller movie. It is about seduction, lies, manipulation and murders. Uma Thurman stars as Diana Baylor and Kim Basinger stars as Heather Evans. The movie got mixed to negative reviews. *Final Analysis* was released in February of 1992. The box office performance was very poor. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Percent-encoding

**Percent-encoding**, also known as **URL-encoding**, is the process of preparing characters to be used as parts of URLs on the Internet.

## Related pages
* Uniform Resource Identifier
Animals of Connecticut

Connecticut has a variety of animal species.

* The state bird is the American Robin.
* The state insect is the European Mantis.
* The state animal is the Sperm Whale.
* The state shellfish is the Eastern Oyster.
* The state fish is the American Shad.
* The state fossil is the Eubrontes giganteus.

## Biodiversity
There are 599 Connecticut species listed as endangered, threatened or of special concern. These are 11 species of mammals, 50 species of birds, 11 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians, 7 species of fish, and 170 species of invertebrates. Dilophosaurus,

## List of native species
Sources appear below.

### Annelids
* Ampharete arctica
* Capitella capitata
* Capitellidae
* Eteone lactea
* Glycera dibranchiata
* Alitta (Nereis) succinea
* Ophelia sp.
* Phyllodoce sp.
* Polydora sp.
* Scoloplos robustus
* Spio setosa
* Spionidae
* Streblospio benedicti
* Syllidae sp.

### Arthropods
* Chiridotea s p p.
* Gammarus sp.
* Neomysis americana
* Sphaeroma quadridentata

### Mollusks
* Acteocina canaliculata
* Gemma gemma
* Nassarius obsoletus
* Mulinia lateralis
* Mya arenaria
* Nucula sp.
* Periploma papyratium
* Retusa canaliculata
* Tellina agillis

## Related pages
* Plants of Connecticut

## References 
## More reading
* Aspects of Connecticut's Physical Geography
* Connecticut Audubon Society
* Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection - Natural Diversity Data Base 
* Fishes of the Connecticut River 
* The Flora and Fauna of Branford
Crown colony

A **Crown colony**, also known in the 17th century as  **royal colony**, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire. Crown, or royal colonies were ruled by a governor which is decided by the Monarch. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the Sovereign appointed royal governors on the advice of the Secretary of State for the Colonies. Under the name of "royal colony", the first of what would later become known as Crown colonies was the English Colony of Virginia. This happened in 1624 after the Crown removed the Royal Charter it had given to the Virginia Company.

Until the mid-nineteenth century, the term "Crown Colony" was only used to refer to those colonies which had been  through wars. Examples were Trinidad and Tobago, British Guiana, and the colonies of settlement, such as The Canadas, Newfoundland, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, and New Zealand, later to become the Dominions. The term continued to be used up until 1981, when the British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified the remaining British colonies as "British Dependent Territories". From 2002 they have been known as British Overseas Territories.

## List of Crown colonies
## Related pages
*Crown dependency
*British overseas territories
*British Empire

## Notes
## References
*
*
*
*
The Star Chamber

***The Star Chamber*** is a 1983 American legal crime drama thriller movie. The story is about law conditions preventing the prosecution of two men who are accused of murdering a 10-year-old boy. A judge named Hardin then tells another judge, Caulfield, of a Star Chamber (judges that identify criminals who fell through the cracks of the judicial system). Sharon Gless plays Emily Hardin, Michael Douglas plays Judge Hardin. This movie was released in August 1983. It received positive reviews from movie critics.

## Other websites 
*
Epistolary novel

An **epistolary novel** is a novel written as a series of letters or other documents. The word ''* comes from the Latin form of the Greek word  (*epistolē*), meaning a letter (see epistle). The epistolary form of writing can make the story seem more realistic to the reader. This is because it is more personal, and is more like the workings of real life.

Some examples of modern epistolary novels are:

**The Tenant of Wildfell Hall* (1848) by Anne Brontë is written in the form of a letter from the narrator to his friend.
**Dracula* (1897) by Bram Stoker uses not only letters and diaries, but also newspaper accounts.
**The Screwtape Letters* (1942) by C. S. Lewis
**Carrie* (1974) by Stephen King is written in an epistolary structure, through newspaper clippings, magazine articles, letters, and excerpts from books
**Diary of a Wimpy Kid'' (2007) by Jeff Kinney is written in the form a diary, including hand-written notes and cartoon drawings
Civil defence

**Civil defence** (or **civil defense**) is a system used to protect the civilians of a state from coming under attack. It involves plans for preparing for and responding to emergency situations, plans for evacuation, and plans for how to recover from attacks. In some countries, civil defence is seen as an important part of military defence. Programmes of this kind were first explored at least as early as the 1920s. They have been used in many countries, especially since the threat of nuclear weapons has become known.

Since the end of the Cold War, the focus of civil defence has become more and more for disasters in general. The new concept is described by a number of terms, each of which has its own specific meaning, such as **crisis management**, **emergency management**, **emergency preparedness**, **emergency services**, and **civil protection**. 

## Related pages 
* Emergency shelter

## Other websites
Gustavo Nieves Campello

**Gustavo Nieves Campello** (born on March 9, 1982 in Vilalba, Lugo) is a  T12/B2 Paralympic athlete from Spain.  He became blind quickly when he was 17 years old, and he stopped playing the sport of football.  He started athletics after losing his eyesight.  He first raced at the 1998 Vigo half marathon.  He later competed at IPC European and World Championships.  He also competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics but did not win any medals at these Games.

## Personal 
Nieves was born on March 9, 1982 in Vilalba, Lugo. It is not understood what caused it or if his eyesight will continue to get worse. Before losing his eyesight, he played football as a midfielder for Sárdoma in Spain's División de Honor Juvenil de Fútbol, and had tried out for Celta de Vigo football team.

Nieves competed in the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia. In 2009, he set a world record in the T12 10,000&nbsp;meter event during a race in Galacia.

In 2010, Nieves set a world record in the T12 10,000&nbsp;meter race. 40 days later at a race in Jerez de la Frontera, he set a world record in 10,000&nbsp;meters. He competed in the 2011 Pontevedra half marathon. In 2011, he injured the third metatarsal.  His physical therapy after the injury involved training in the pool.  He started competing again in late September 2011 at a race in Berlin.

In March 2012, Nieves was training up to four hours a day at the Galician Sports Modernization Center (CGTD). He finished first in the 2012 San Silvestre Candelaria 4,500&nbsp;meter race.  He did not compete in the 2012 European Championships because of his tendon injury. he raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, finishing fourth in the 5,000&nbsp;meters.  His time was 4&nbsp;seconds slower than his personal best. In May 2013, he competed at the Kern Sauleda Pharme-Grand Prix to try to get to be allowed to race at the IPC Athletics World Championships in Lyon, France in the 5,000&nbsp;meter race.  Later that month, he tried to be eligible for the World Championships in the 10,000&nbsp;meter race at a race in Huesca. Nieves has a goal of trying to compete in the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Gustavo Nieves: Twitter
Suman Sahai

**Suman Sahai** is an Indian activist and the founder of Gene Campaign.

## Career 
Sahai got a Ph.D. from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in 1975. She then worked at the University of Alberta, University of Chicago, and the University of Heidelberg, where she did her habilitation in human genetics. The Web of Science shows that Sahai has published over 40 articles. They are mostly on policy issues dealing with genetically-modified organisms. Her articles have been cited over 150 times and she has an h-index of 7. She is director of the non-governmental organization, Gene Campaign.

## Awards 
* Order of the Golden Ark, 2001
* Padma Shri, 2011

## Scandal 
In April 2013 it was shown that Sahai committed plagiarism in her habilitation thesis. She had submitted this thesis to the University of Heidelberg in 1986. She was also accused of presenting herself as being or having been a professor at that University. She never actually had such a position.

## References
Florence La Badie

**Florence La Badie** (27 April 1888 – 13 October 1917) was an American actress. She appeared mostly in silent movies. She played Kate in *The Broken Cross*, a 1911 silent movie. She also acted in the 1912 adaptation of *Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde*.

There is a controversy about where La Badie was born. She died in a traffic accident at the age of 29 in New York.

The Fear of Poverty.jpg|*The Fear of Poverty* (1916)
Saint, Devil and Woman.jpg|*Saint, Devil and Woman* (1916)
Florence Labadie 1916.jpg|Advertisement (1916)
The Fugitive.jpg|*The Fugitive* (1916)
Austin Butler

**Austin Butler** (born August 17, 1991) is an American actor. His early roles were as *Jake Krandle* in the TV series *iCarly* and as *James Garrett* in *Zoey 101*. He became well known in 2022 for playing Elvis Presley in *Elvis*. The role won him a Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award and earned him an Academy Award for Best Actor nomination.

## Personal life 
Austin Butler was born in Anaheim, California. His parents are Lori Butler and David Butler. 

Butler was in a relationship with actress Vanessa Hudgens from 2011 to 2020. He is currently dating model Kaia Gerber since late 2021. They have since broke up and Butler is currently single. 

## Career
His first acting job was in a supporting role in the TV Series ''Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide*. His older sister also plays in that TV series. From 2007 to 2008 he played in the 4th season of *Zoey 101* as James Garrett. Other television appearance were *Hannah Montana*, *iCarly*, *Jonas L.A.*, *Zeke and Luther*, and *Wizards of Waverly Place*. In 2009, he was in the TV series *Ruby & the Rockits* as Jordan Gallagher. This series was unsuccessful and ended after 10 episodes.

Later, he played with Ashley Tisdale in the film *Aliens in the Attic* and in *Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure*. Since 2011, he has been in the ABC-Family-Series *Switched at Birth*.

In July 2019, he appeared in the Quentin Tarantino movie *Once Upon a Time in Hollywood* as a fictional version of Manson Family member Tex Watson. That same month, Butler was cast as Elvis Presley in *Elvis*, a biographical movie about the singer directed by Baz Luhrmann. In 2024, he portrayed Feyd-Rautha Harkonnen in *Dune: Part Two*, directed by Denis Villenueve and based on the novel by Frank Herbert. In 2025, he portrayed Henry "Hank" Thompson in *Caught Stealing (Film)''.

## References
## Other websites
*
Valentin de Boulogne

and Jesus at the Last Supper, (1625-1626)]]
**Valentin de Boulogne** (baptised 3 January 1591 – died 19 August 1632) was a French painter. He is also known as **Le Valentin**, his real name was **Jean Valentin**. Later in life, Valentin went to Rome to study. In Rome, he was under the influence of Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio and Bartolomeo Manfredi. Valentin's teacher was Simon Vouet.
Anita Loos

**Anita Loos** (born April 26, 1889 – August 18, 1981) was an American screenwriter, stage actress and author. She wrote several novels. She was best known for her book *Gentlemen Prefer Blondes*. She also wrote its sequel *But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes*. She was a screenwriter of many movies.

Loos was born in Sisson, California. She later moved to New York City. She died there in August 1981 from natural causes at age ninety-two.
Anna Q. Nilsson

**Anna Quirentia Nilsson** (March 30, 1888 – February 11, 1974) was a Swedish and American actress. She first achieved success in silent movies. She moved to the United States around 1905. She began acting in silent movies, and then moved into ones with sound. From the 1930s to the 1950s, she played small roles in movies with sound. The most notable one was acting as herself in the movie *Sunset Boulevard* in 1950. She was also in ''The Farmer's Daughter'' in 1947.

Anna Q. Nilsson was the first Swedish actress to receive a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Nilsson was born in Sweden. She died due to heart failure in Sun City, California, at age 85.

File:Anna Q Nilssons födelsehus - Ystad-2025.jpg|The house where Anna Q Nilsson was born, Trädgårdsgatan (Garden Street) in central Ystad.
File:Anna Q Nilsson - Ystad-2025.jpg|Information plaquette on the house.
Football at the 1936 Summer Olympics

]]
The **1936 Olympic football tournament** was won by Italy. They were the favourites to win, having won the FIFA World Cup in 1934. The host nation, Germany, were also one of the favourites at the start of the competition. They had only lost at home once in three years. However, they were beaten in the quarter-finals. The bronze- and gold-medal games were watched by a combined total of 195,000 people.

## Medalists
## First round
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## Quarter finals
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**Replay**

1 Due to a pitch invasion, the match was declared null and void. It was ordered to be replayed on August 10. Peru did not accept this decision and withdrew from the tournament.

## Semi finals
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## Bronze medal match
## The Final (Gold medal match)
### Bracket
2Awarded.

## Final ranking
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## Other websites
*Olympic Football Tournament Berlin 1936 , FIFA.com
*RSSSF Archive
Margaret Rutherford

**Dame Margaret Taylor Rutherford** DBE (May 11, 1892 – May 22, 1972) was a British character actress. She usually played eccentric characters in films. Her first film was in 1936. She became known for playing Madame Arcati in the 1945 film *Blithe Spirit*. Her other films included: *The Happiest Days of Your Life* and *The Importance of Being Earnest*. She also performed in stage plays in her acting career. In 1961, Rutherford was later declared Officer of the Order of the British Empire. She was named a Dame Commander six years after that.

Margaret Taylor Rutherford was born in the London neighbourhood of Balham on 11 May 1892. She died from Alzheimer's disease in Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire on 22 May 1972 at the age of 80.

## Other websites 
*
* Margaret Rutherford at the Internet Broadway Database
* Performances in Theatre Archive, University of Bristol
*
Ethel Barrymore

**Ethel Barrymore** (or **Ethel Mae Blythe**; 15 August 1879 – 18 June 1959) was an American actress. She was a member of the Barrymore family of actors. She became quite popular in stage and on Broadway.

Barrymore's first appearance was in 1895, in *The Imprudent Young Couple*. She played Nora in the play ''A Doll's House* in 1905. She was also in the critically acclaimed movie *None but the Lonely Heart''. She was in Alfred Hitchcock movies. She was the sister of actors John and Lionel Barrymore and grand-aunt of the actress Drew Barrymore.

Barrymore was born in Philadelphia. She died from Cardiovascular disease in Hollywood, California.

## References
Martha Graham

**Martha Graham** (May 11, 1894 – April 1, 1991) was an American modern dancer and choreographer. Her influences on modern dance are usually compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts. She was the first dancer to perform at the White House. She got a Presidential Medal of Freedom. She danced and choreographed for more than seventy years.

Graham was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She died at age ninety-six from pneumonia.

## Gallery 

File:Photograph of Martha Graham's Heretic by Soichi Sunami.jpg|Martha Graham in Dance Magazine 1929.
File:Martha Graham and Bertram Ross.jpg|upright|Martha Graham and Bertram Ross 1961.
File:Martha Graham Bertram Ross 1961.jpg|Martha Graham and Bertram Ross.

-----
G. G. Ponnambalam

** Ganapathipillai Gangaser Ponnambalam** (; 8 November 1901 – 9 February 1977), also known as **G. G. Ponnambalam**, was a Sri Lankan Tamil politician, during the British colonial period and the war for independence. He founded the first Sri Lankan Tamil political party, the All Ceylon Tamil Congress.
Jeane Dixon

**Jeane Dixon** (born **Lydia Emma Pinckert**, 5 January 1904 – 25 January 1997) was an American psychic and astrologist. She also wrote newspaper columns. She reportedly predicted certain major events of the 20th century. She also wrote many novels. 

She was known for working with Nancy Reagan to protect her husband, Ronald Reagan from any danger spiritually.

Dixon was born in Medford, Wisconsin. She died from cardiac arrest at 93.
The Farmer's Daughter

'''''The Farmer's Daughter''''' is a political based 1947 movie. The movie is about a farmgirl who ends up working as a maid for a Congressman and his very powerful mother. Loretta Young stars as Katie Holstrom. Anna Q. Nillson plays as Mrs. Holstrom. Loretta Young received the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in this movie. The movie was released in March and April 1947 in the United States.
Amy Carlson

**Amy Carlson** (born July 7, 1968) is an American actress. She performs mostly on television but has had some movies. She played Josie Watts in the soap opera *Another World*, and Alex Taylor in *Third Watch*. Carlson was nominated in 1998 for an Emmy Award.

Carlson was born in Illinois.

## Personal life
Carlson currently resides in New York City with her daughter, born on October 4, 2006; her son, born on August 27, 2009; and her long-time partner Syd Butler, bass guitar player of the 8G Band on *Late Night with Seth Meyers*, and of indie rock band Les Savy Fav and owner of the independent label Frenchkiss Records.

## Filmography 
### Film
### Television
## References
## Other websites
*
D. M. Jayaratne

**Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Jayaratne** (, ; 4 June 1931 – 19 November 2019) known as **D. M. "Di Mu" Jayaratne**  was a Sri Lankan politician. He was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 2010 to 2015. He was a founding member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

Jayaratne was first elected to parliament in 1970. He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 April 2010.

Jayaratne died on 19 November 2019 at a private hospital in Kandy, Sri Lanka at the age of 88.

## References
YWCA

The '''Young Women's Christian Association** (or **YWCA''') is the world's largest women's organization.

It is represented in more than 120 countries around the world with more than 25 million women and girls as members. The motto of the YWCA is the empowerment of women, worldwide.

In Great Britain and Northern Ireland, only the abbreviation YWCA is used. The full name is not used because Christianity no longer plays a role in the organization.

The YWCA in the United States is a member of the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence for stricter gun control.

In Switzerland, the YWCA was widespread as the Christian Association of Young Women (CVJF) until it merged with the CVJM to form Cevi Switzerland.

## Related pages
* YMCA

## Other websites 
* World Young Women's Christian Association
* YWCA England & Wales
Ratnasiri Wickremanayake

**Ratnasiri Wickremanayake** (, ; 5 May 1933 – 27 December 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka two times from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2005 to 2010. He is currently a National List member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

Wickremanayake first served as Prime Minister from August 2000 to December 2001. He became minister after Sirimavo Bandaranaike resigned from the position at the age of 84. He is a senior vice-president of the ruling Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP).
The Phantom of the Opera (musical)

***The Phantom of the Opera*** is a 1986 musical. Andrew Lloyd Webber and Richard Stilgoe wrote the book. Charles Hart and Stilgoe wrote the lyrics. Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote the music. The musical is based on the 1910  novel, *The Phantom of the Opera* by Gaston Leroux. 

## West End and Broadway premieres
*Phantom* opened at Her Majesty's Theatre in the West End on 9 October 1986. Michael Crawford originated the titular role, with Sarah Brightman played Christine and Steve Barton as Raoul.

The musical opened on Broadway on 26 January 1988 at the Majestic Theatre. Crawford, Brightman, and Barton played their West End roles in the Broadway production.

## Main roles
* The Phantom of the Opera, a disfigured man
* Christine Daaé, a young opera singer
* Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny, Christine's love interest

## Story
The story is about a deformed musical genius who lives in a sewer beneath the opera house in Paris. Obsessed with a young soprano by the name of Christine, he terrorizes everyone at the opera in an effort to make her a star.

## Awards
The musical won various awards over the years, including the 1986 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical. Michael Crawford won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical.

## Adaptations
The musical was made into a movie with the same name in 2004. It stars Gerard Butler as the Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, and Patrick Wilson as Raoul.
Maitree Wickramasinghe

**Maithree Wickramasinghe** (born 11 August 1954) is a Sri Lankan academic and Professor of English at the University of Kelaniya. The wife of Ranil Wickremasinghe the current President of Sri Lanka, she is the founder director of the Centre for Gender Studies at the University of Kelaniya and a visiting professor on gender and women's studies at other educational institutions including the University of Colombo and the University of Sussex. Maithree Wickramasinghe has delivered keynotes and plenaries at academic and professional fora in the US, Spain, Kenya, India, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea and China.

## Family and education 
The only child of the late Senevi B. Wickremasinghe and Shiranee Wickremasinghe (née Bandaratilaka) of Nawala, Koswatte. She graduated from King's College London with a BA (Hons) degree in English and went on to complete her MA degree in Women’s Studies at the University of Colombo. She had gained her PhD degree from the Institute of Education, University of London. In 1995 she married Ranil Wickremasinghe.

## Related pages
* Ranil Wickremasinghe
Rain (video game)

***Rain ***(stylized as ***rain***), is a adventure video game developed by Acquire and SCE Japan Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. The game was known as **Lost in the Rain** in Asia.

The game was announced at Gamescom. The game was released on October 1, 2013 in North America,

## The plot
The game is about a nameless boy that lost out in the rain sees the silhouette of a young girl. He follows her and turns invisible like her. After he turns invisible he sees that there are many other creatures that are invisible and roam around. He must find his way to the young girl among the world of the invisible.

## Reception
IGN rated the game a 7 out of 10 and said "Rain creates a distinctive heartbreaking atmosphere, but fails to develop it into a more engrossing experience.”

GameSpot gave the game a 7 out of 10 and stated "Rain uses chilling atmosphere and a heartfelt story to draw you in to this fantastical world", but criticized some of the mechanics of the puzzles."

## References 
## Other websites 
*Info about Rain on PlayStation Blog
*Rain on IGN
Webster City, Iowa

**Webster City** is a city in central Iowa. The original name was **Newcastle**. Almost 8,000 people lived there as of the 2020 Census.

## References
S. B. S. Abayakoon

**S. B. S. Abayakoon** (born 1958) is the dean of the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Before that, he was the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering for four and a half years. He is a professor of Civil Engineering, at Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya. He was appointed the 20th vice-chancellor of the university in August 2009.

## Sources 
* http://www.pdn.ac.lk/uop/main/news/dodangolla.pdf 
* http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/S.-B.-S.-Abayakoon
MacKinlay Kantor

(1950)]]
**Benjamin McKinlay Kantor** (February 4, 1904 – October 11, 1977) was an American journalist and novelist. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1956. He wrote over 30 novels. Several of them were set in the American Civil War.

Kantor was born in Webster City, Iowa. He died from a heart attack at seventy-three in Sarasota, Florida.
Sally Rand

**Hattie Helen Gould Beck** (or **Sally Rand**; April 3, 1904 – August 31, 1979) was an American actress and dancer. She starred in many silent movies and in movies with sound. Her movies included *The Dressmaker from Paris* and *The Road to Yesterday*, both in 1925. Other movies followed.

Rand was born in Missouri. She died due to congestive heart failure at seventy-five.
Beachbody

**Beachbody LLC** is a publicly traded American fitness and health company. It sells fitness, weight loss and muscle-building home-exercise DVDs. The company's best-known product is Tony Horton's P90X. Its television advertisements became some of the most frequently shown infomercials in the United States. American fitness coach, Shaun T. was signed by Beachbody to create the "most intense and  workout ever put on DVD". This led to the creation of Insanity, becoming one of the best-selling exercise DVDs in the United States.

In March 2023, the company changed its name to BODi. The BODi app, which gives subscribers access to over 8,000 workouts, was named "Best Workout App" by CNN Underscored and "Best Workout App for Beginners" by Business Insider.

## References
## Other websites
*Official website
*Beachbody on Demand

category : 1998 establishments in California
Geology of Connecticut

Connecticut is a US state. It is in the north-eastern side of the country. As part of the New England region, Connecticut has undergone much geologic change. It has been shaped by plate tectonics, volcanism, and glacial activity.

## Appalachian Mountains 
During the early Triassic Era, the super-continent Pangea was formed as the Iapetus Ocean closed up and the proto-North American continent  with Avalonia (modern day Africa). This caused great uplift and the creation of the Appalachian Mountains. The erosion of the Appalachian Mountains now exposes and lifts up metamorphic rocks that used to be very deep in the Earth's.

## Eastern Border Fault 
About 200 million years after this collision and the formation of Pangea, during the middle of the Mesozoic Era, the Atlantic Ocean floor started spreading. This caused a lot of stress. This caused a geologic fault. Connecticut's famous Eastern Border Fault was created. As a result, the land west of this fault was downset, creating a rift valley and causing the land to tilt an average of 15 to 25 degrees. The fault is currently inactive. The formation of this basin eventually refilled with soft fluvial and alluvial sediments.

## Ice Age 
During Ice Ages, glacial activity shaped much of New England's landscape, eroding mountains, leaving glacial till scattered everywhere, and forming glacial lakes. At its greatest extent, one of these glaciers leaves behind a moraine which became Long Island. 

One of the biggest glacial lakes of the time was Glacial Lake Hitchcock. It formed when the Laurentide ice sheet retreated and glacial meltwater began to accumulate at the glacier’s terminal moraine in Rocky Hill, Connecticut and back up into the Connecticut River. The glacial lake left behind a soft, varved landscape, gathering silt and sand in the summertime due to the influx of glacial meltwater and clay in the wintertime as the lake froze until it was later drained.

## River Valley 
River Valley has a soft surface. It is also high in nutrients and host the majority of Connecticut's farmland soils. The land on either side of the Connecticut River Valley is less suitable for farmlands. The eastern section holds the shallow Proto-North American Terrane while the western section contains the Iapetos and Avalonian Terranes. These places still holds remnants of glacial till and lack the soft fluvial sediments so prominent in the Connecticut River Valley region.

## Other websites 
*Wesleyan University's Connecticut Geology
*Map of Connecticut Bedrock Geology
Welsh Wikipedia

The **Welsh Wikipedia** (*Welsh*: **Wicipedia Cymraeg** or just **Wicipedia**) is the Welsh-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in July 2003. As of January 2025, it has more than 280,000 articles. Wikipedia is one of the few number of multilingual websites where Welsh has a significant presence. In the view of the Welsh government, the Welsh Wikipedia "helps to increase social capital and encourages more writing in Welsh". Welsh Wikipedia provides a rich source of information which translation tools like Google Translate are trained on; Gareth Morlais suggests that the Welsh Wikipedia's growth has contributed to the improved machine translation.

## References
## Other websites
*Welsh Wikipedia main page
Hindi Wikipedia

The **Hindi Wikipedia** is the Hindi-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in July 2003. As of June 2018, it had over 125,000 articles. It is only Indian language Wikipedia with over 100,000 articles. 

## References
## Other websites
* Hindi Wikipedia main page
The Potato Eaters

]]

***The Potato Eaters*** is a painting made by Vincent van Gogh. It was one of his first paintings he made. He painted it at the age of 32 in 1885. Potato Eaters is a painting of peasants that lived in his town.

## References
Kinky Boots

***Kinky Boots*** is a musical. It is based on the 2005 movie, *Kinky Boots*. It is about a shoemaker who saves his factory by creating a line of fetish boots with the help of a drag queen. 

Cyndi Lauper wrote the music and lyrics. Harvey Fierstein wrote the musical's book. It opened on Broadway at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre on April 4, 2013. It won the 2013 Tony Award for Best Musical.
Thelma Ritter

**Thelma Ritter** (14 February 1902 – 5 February 1969) was an American actress. She played comedic roles. She received six Academy Award nominations and won one Tony Award. Her notable movies included *All about Eve* in 1950, *Titanic* in 1953 and *Rear Window* in 1954. Ritter also played some dramatic roles, the most notable of were in *With a Song in My Heart*, and in *The Misfits*.

Ritter was born in New York City. She died there due to a heart attack at the age of 63.