open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Georgi Slavkov

**Georgi Slavkov** (; April 11, 1958 – January 21, 2014) was a Bulgarian football player.

Slavkov scored 61 goals in 112 games for Trakia between 1976 and 1982.

With CSKA Sofia he played between 1982 and 1986, scoring 48 goals. Then he was transferred to the French club AS Saint-Étienne. He finished his career in Portugal in 1992.

Between 1978 and 1983, he won 37 caps for Bulgaria and scored 11 goals.

Georgi Slavkov died suddenly on Jan 21, 2014 in Plovdiv after suffering a heart attack at the age of 55.

## Honours
### Club
;Botev Plovdiv
* Bulgarian Cup: 1980–81

;CSKA Sofia
* A Group (2): 1979–80, 1982–83
* Bulgarian Cup: 1984–85
* Cup of the Soviet Army (2): 1984–85, 1985–86

### Individual 
* A Group Top Scorer: 1980–81 (31 goals)
* European Golden Shoe: 1981

## References
## Other websites
*Profile at National-Football-Teams
Mr. Peabody & Sherman

***Mr. Peabody & Sherman*** is a 2014 American-British 3D-computer animated comedy adventure movie directed by Rob Minkoff. It stars Ty Burrell, Ariel Winter, Max Charles, Stephen Colbert, and Leslie Mann. It has been released on February 7, 2014 in the United Kingdom and on March 7, 2014 in the United States.

## Cast
* Ty Burrell as Mr. Peabody
* Max Charles as Sherman
* Ariel Winter as Penny Peterson
* Stephen Colbert as Paul Peterson
* Leslie Mann as Patty Peterson
* Stephen Tobolowsky as Principal Purdy
* Stanley Tucci as Leonardo da Vinci
* Allison Janney as Karen "Edwina" Grunion
* Adam Alexi-Malle as French peasant
* Patrick Warburton as King Agamemnon
* Zach Callison as King Tut
* Steve Valentine as Ay
* Dennis Haysbert as Judge
* Leila Birch as the WABAC
* Karan Brar as Mason
* Joshua Rush as Carl
* Thomas Lennon as Italian Peasant #2
* Mel Brooks as Albert Einstein
* Lake Bell as Mona Lisa
* Lauri Fraser as Marie Antoinette
* Nolan North as Maximilien Robespierre
* Jess Harnell as George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton and Isaac Newton
* Tom McGrath as Odysseus
* Al Rodrigo as Ajax the Lesser
* Walt Dohrn as Spartacus

## References
Epiglottis

The **epiglottis** is a thin flap that isn't a muscle in the oesophagus. It is the top part of the larynx. It closes to stop food from going down the trachea. It opens to allow breathing.

## Other websites
Abu Nidal

**Abu Nidal** () (May 1937&nbsp;– 16 August 2002), born **Sabri Khalil al-Banna** (), was the founder of Fatah – The Revolutionary Council (), a militant Palestinian separatist group also known as the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO). At the height of his power in the 1970s and 1980s, Abu Nidal was mostly known as the most merciless of the Palestinian political leaders. He told *Der Spiegel* in a rare interview in 1985: "I am the evil spirit which moves around only at night causing&nbsp;... nightmares."

## References
Duke of Orléans

The title **Duke of Orléans** is an old French Dukedom that was highly regarded whilst the country was a monarchy. The title was usually used by a younger son of a reigning King and was passed from father to son. During the reign of Louis XIV of France the title was used by his only broth Philippe who as a *Son of France* was known simply as *Monsieur*. At the death of Philippe in 1701 the Dukes only held the rank of Prince of the blood  but maintained their rank due to being descended from a son of a previous king. The holder of the title was entitled to be addressed as **Your Serene Highness** but this was used in writing only. The present day House of Orléans is descended from this line and takes its name from the prestigious title. 

As princes of the blood they ranked above that of the Princes of Condé the Princes of Conti as well as the Count of Soissons. 

The Dukes main seat was the Palais Royal in Paris and the lavish Château de Saint Cloud outside the capital as well as countless other residences. The Duke and his wife were also entitled to their own apartment in the Palace of Versailles.

## List of Dukes
# Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans, "*Monsieur*" (10 May 1661 – 9 June 1701) - The only sibling of King Louis XIV, known simply as "Monsieur".
#Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France (9 June 1701 – 2 December 1723) - Regent of France for the young Louis XV.
# Louis, Duke of Orléans (2 December 1723 - 4 February 1752).
# Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans (4 August 1752 – 18 November 1785).
# Philippe Égalité (18 November 1785 – 6 November 1793) guillotined during the French Revolution.
# Louis Philippe I (6 November 1793 - 9 August 1830). Eventually created **King of The French**.
Grey matter

**Grey matter** (or **gray matter**) is a main component of the central nervous system. It is composed of neurons (that is, the cells usually called 'brain cells') and glial cells. By contrast, the white matter is composed of long-range myelinated axon tracts (nerve fibres) and glial cells.

The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish or pinkish hues, which come from capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies.

## References
Peter Capaldi

**Peter Dougan Capaldi** (born 14 April 1958) is a Scottish actor, director and writer. He portrayed the 12th Doctor in *Doctor Who*. He won an Academy Award for best Live Action Short Film for writing and directing the movie ''Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life* in 1995. He has been in various movies and television programs in the United Kingdom, including *In the Loop*, *The Fifth Estate*, *The Thick of It* and *The Musketeers*. 

He also portrayed one of the professors in *World War Z*. He starred as Rabbit in the 2018 Disney movie *Christopher Robin''.

## Early life 
Capaldi was born on 14 April 1958 in Glasgow, Scotland, the son of Nancy Soutar and Gerald John Capaldi. His mother's side of the family was Scottish and Irish. His father's side was Italian. 

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Aberdeen, Hong Kong

**Aberdeen** is a town and area in Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong.

Aberdeen usually refers to the town but it can also be used to refer to the areas Wong Chuk Hang, Ap Lei Chau and Tin Wan. The population of Aberdeen was 163,459 in 2011. Aberdeen Harbour is the harbor between the town and Ap Lei Chau. It is a popular tourist spot and is one of the nine harbors in Hong Kong. Aberdeen is also known for its floating village which has around 600 junks and 6,000 people living there. The town was named after George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen; the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1852 to 1855.

Aberdeen attracts many tourists because it is close to Ocean Park. It also attracts many tourists because of its floating village and floating restaurants on the water. There are some people that live on boats in the harbour. 

## References
Riz Ortolani

**Riziero "Riz" Ortolani** (25 March 192623 January 2014) was an Italian movie composer. He composed many movies such as *Africa Addio* (1966), *Kill Bill: Vol. 1* (2003), *Kill Bill: Vol. 2* (2004), *Drive* (2011) and *Django Unchained* (2012).

## References
## Other websites
*
Kaye Ballard

**Kaye Ballard** (born **Catherine Gloria Balotta**; November 20, 1925 &ndash; January 21, 2019) was an American musical theatre, television actress, comedienne, and singer.

## Biography 
She was known for her role as Kaye Buell on the NBC sitcom *The Mothers-in-Law*.

Ballard died of heart failure at her home in Rancho Mirage, California on January 21, 2019 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Kaye Ballard website
Glial cell

]]
 brain culture astrocyte (a type of glia)]]

**Glial cells** are support cells for the nervous system. In Greek, Glia means "glue". Glia are said to be the glue of the nervous system. Glia occur in both grey matter and white matter.

Glia are thought to have four main functions:
# To surround neurons and hold them in place,
# To supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons,
# To insulate one neuron from another,
# To destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons.

Glia may have more functions than just these four.

## Types of Macroglia 
## Role in degenerative brain diseases 
A type of glial cell is thought to play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or motor neurone disease), Alzheimer's disease (a type of dementia) and Parkinson's disease.

The microglia are the macrophages of the nervous system. In these neurodegenerative disorders, it is thought that the microglia digest healthy brain cells, causing the degeneration of brain function. This is especially true for Parkinson's disease, where the Glia break down dopaminergic cells, causing the symptoms associated with Parkinson's.

## References
Darren Hayes

**Darren Stanley Hayes** (born 8 May 1972) is an Australian singer-songwriter. He was born in Brisbane. He was the singer of Savage Garden. Savage Garden released two albums before they broke up in 2001. In January 2002 Hayes released his first solo single "Insatiable". His first solo album, *Spin*, was released in April 2002. It has sold over 5 million copies.

## Career
In 1993 Hayes joined Savage Garden. In 1997 the band released *Savage Garden*. Eight singles were released from the album. In 1999 Savage Garden's second and last studio album, *Affirmation*, was released. In 2002 Hayes' first solo album *Spin* was released. In 2004 *The Tension and the Spark* was released. In 2007 Hayes released his third album ''This Delicate Thing We've Made* on his own record label, Powdered Sugar. In 2009 he released his fourth album *We Are Smug*. In 2011 *Secret Codes and Battleships'' was released.

## Personal life
In 2006 Hayes came out as gay.

## References
## Other websites
*Tumblr
Click beetle

**Click beetle** is the common name for beetles in the family **Elateridae**. They are also called **elaters**, **snapping beetles**, **spring beetles** or **skipjacks**. 

These beetles can be found almost anywhere on Earth. They have the unusual ability to flick themselves into the air. When they do this, they make a "" (or ) sound. The beetle does this by flexing the joint between sections of the thorax, where there is a spine on one side of the joint and a  on the other. The peg is snapped into the groove. This makes a "click" that flicks the beetle into the air. If it lands on its back, then it repeats the click until it lands on its legs. Clicking is mainly used to escape from predators. The click can make it jump between 15 and 30&nbsp;centimetres into the air.

## Basic information 
The Elateridae family was defined in 1815. There are about 9,300 known species. This includes 965 species in North America.

Some species are large and colorful, but most are under two centimeters long and dull in colour. They usually look for food during the night, and are usually not  active during the day.

The oldest known species come from the Triassic period. There are only about 9,000 species known.

## Wireworms
Wireworms are the larvae of this beetle. They usually spend three or four years living under the soil. Here they feed on rotting plants and roots. They can cause damage to crops and gardens. When this happens, they can be very difficult to kill off.

Their famiily, the Elateridae, is known for its effects on agriculture, where they are notable pests.

## Selected genera 
* *Adrastus*
* *Agriotes*
* *Ampedus*
* *Athous*

## Footnotes 
## References 
*
*

## Other websites 
* 
* Elateridae in the United Kingdom
PAX AM Days

***PAX AM Days*** is an EP released by American rock band Fall Out Boy. They released it on October 15, 2013. Allmusic gave it 3 stars out of 5. It has been described by the band as being more of an "old school" punk style, as opposed to their normal style of more melodic and lyrical punk.

## Track listing 
# "We Were Doomed from the Start (The King Is Dead)" - 1:35
# "Art of Keeping Up Disappearances" - 1:03
# "Hot to the Touch, Cold on the Inside" - 1:24
# "Love, Sex, Death" - 1:23
# "Eternal Summer" - 1:45
# "Demigods" - 1:50
# "American Made" - 1:38
# "Caffeine Cold" - 2:41

## References
Melville Island

**Melville Island** is the name of several islands:

* Melville Island (Australia), in the Northern Territory
* Melville Island (Canada), in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories
* Melville Island (Nova Scotia), a small island in Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada
Melville Island (Australia)

**Melville Island** is an island in the eastern Timor Sea. It is part of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located off the coast of Arnhem Land and north of Darwin. The island is called **Yermalner** in the native Tiwi language. Melville is about  in size. It is the second-largest island in Australia, after Tasmania.

The name Melville is for Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville, first lord of the Admiralty. The much larger Melville Island in northern Canada was also named after him.

Melville Island and nearby Bathurst Island are together called the Tiwi Islands. The Tiwi are the indigenous people that live on the islands. Their creation stories suggest that Indigenous Australians have lived on the Tiwi Islands for at least 7,000 years.

The largest community on the island is Milikapiti. About 559 people live in Milikapiti. The second village is Pirlangimpi, 27&nbsp;kilometres west of Milipakpiti. About 440 people live here. About 30 more people live in five family outstations.

## References 
## Other websites 
*Tiwi Islands Shire Council 
*Tiwi Land Council 
*Tiwi Art
*Tourist Information
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

The **United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change** is an international treaty, that was signed on 9 May 1993 and entered into force on 21 March 1994. It wants to slow the speed at which the climate of the earth changes. It also wants to avert the risk of a climate change that is harmful to mankind. 154 countries signed the treaty in 1992 in New York. Today, 197 countries are member of the treaty. These countries meet once a year to agree on politics against global warming. first had its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1996, they moved to Bonn, Germany. The agreement officially started working in 1994. The UNFCCC also refers to the organization that helps run the agreement, and they have offices in Bonn, Germany.

## COP (or *conference of the parties*) 
A Conference of the parties (COP) has been held during most years since 1995.

## Other Page 
*Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
*Kyoto Protocol

## References
Tommy Robinson

**Stephen Christopher Yaxley-Lennon** (27 November 1982), better known as **Tommy Robinson**, is a British far right and anti-islam campaigner.

Tommy Robinson was born on 27 November 1982 in Luton, Bedfordshire. 

He is the former leader of the European Defence League and English Defence League. This group is also described as far right. In October 2013, he left the group after four years. In January 2014, he was sentenced to 18 months in prison.

He has been in charged with crimes like assault and using another persons passport for traveling.

Robinson is now in prison after being convicted for contempt of court.

## Imprisonment 
On 25 May 2018, Robinson was sent to prison for "a breach of the peace" while livestreaming outside Leeds Crown Court during the trial of the Huddersfield grooming gang when the judge said he could not do that. On October 28, 2024, Tommy Robinson was sentenced to eighteen months in prison for contempt of court and repeating false allegations about a Syrian refugee.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Ordinary Love (U2 song)

"**Ordinary Love**" is a song by rock band U2. It was written dedicated to Nelson Mandela. It was also created to be included in the biography movie *Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom*.

The song will be given a limited 10" vinyl release on Record Store Day. "Ordinary Love" is the first song by U2 since 2010. The song was released on 29 November 2013, less than a week before Mandela died.

"Ordinary Love" was at number one on the Top Digital Download chart in Italy. U2 won the 2014 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and in January 2014 was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

## References
## Other websites
*Ordinary Love at U2.com
The Fox and the Grapes

***The Fox and the Grapes*** is a fable by Aesop.  It is about a fox who sees some grapes hanging high on a vine. He tries to reach the grapes, but he can't. Since he can't get them, he tells himself that the grapes are probably sour anyway.

This fable shows the idea of cognitive dissonance. The English expression "sour grapes" comes from this fable.

## References
Norm Kelly

**Norman "Norm" Kelly** (born August 11, 1941) is a retired Canadian politician. Kelly was a city councillor in Toronto, Ontario representing one of two municipal wards that make up the jurisdiction of Scarborough—Agincourt.  

He served as deputy mayor of Toronto under mayor Rob Ford. He succeeded Doug Holyday in 2013 after the latter resigned from council to contest a by-election for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He was succeeded by Denzil Minnan-Wong on November 30, 2014. In 2018 Kelly lost his seat on Toronto City Council to Jim Karygiannis.
## References
## Notes
## Other websites
*
Free Nelson Mandela

"**Nelson Mandela**" (known in some versions as "**Free Nelson Mandela**") is a song written by British musician Jerry Dammers and performed by band The Special A.K.A. - with lead vocal by Stan Campbell. It was released on the single *Nelson Mandela / Break Down The Door* in 1984. It was created as a protest against the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela by the apartheid South African government.

## References
Horrible Bosses 2

***Horrible Bosses 2*** is an American comedy movie. It is the sequel to 2011's *Horrible Bosses*. It stars Jason Bateman, Jason Sudeikis, Charlie Day, Kevin Spacey, Jennifer Aniston, Chris Pine, Jamie Foxx, and Christoph Waltz. The script of the movie was written by Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein. The movie was released on November 26, 2014 and was. It was produced by New Line Cinema and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. 

## Cast 
* Jason Bateman as Nick Hendricks
* Charlie Day as Dale Arbus
* Jason Sudeikis as Kurt Buckman
* Jennifer Aniston as Dr. Julia Harris
* Jamie Foxx as Dean Jones
* Chris Pine as Rex Hanson
* Kevin Spacey as David Harken
* Christoph Waltz as Burt Hanson
* Jonathan Banks as Detective Hatcher
* Keegan-Michael Key as Mike
* Lindsay Sloane as Stacy Arbus

## Other websites 
*

## References
The Best of Pink Floyd: A Foot in the Door

***The Best of Pink Floyd: A Foot in the Door*** is a greatest hits album released in 2011. It was part of Why Pink Floyd...?.

## Track listing
Earphones

**Earphones** or **earbuds** are a small type of audio listening device, similar to headphones, that people wear in their outer ear. Earphones are lighter and more portable than headphones. They let people listen to music on a MP3 player, mobile phone, computer, or any other audio device. 

Earphones that are worn inside the ear canal are called **In-ear headphones** or **In-ear monitors**. They typically have better sound quality.
Reagan (disambiguation)

**Ronald Reagan** was the 40th President of the United States. 

**Reagan** might also mean:

## Places
;United States
*Reagan, Indiana
*Reagan, Henderson County, Tennessee
*Reagan, McMinn County, Tennessee
*Reagan, Texas
*Reagan County, Texas

## Other uses
*USS *Ronald Reagan* (CVN-76)
**Ronald Reagan Freedom Award
**Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
**Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
**Reagan* (movie), a movie written & directed by Eugene Jarecki

## Other people
*Michael Reagan, son of Ronald Reagan
*Ron Reagan, son of Ronald Reagan
*Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States, wife of Ronald
*Maureen Reagan, daughter of Ronald Reagan
*Faye Reagan, pornographic actress
*Reagan Gomez-Preston, actress

## Related pages
*Reaganomics
Reagan Gomez-Preston

**Reagan Gomez-Preston** (born April 24, 1980 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American television, voice,  movie actress and model.

She is best known for playing Zaria Peterson, Robert and Jerri Peterson's oldest daughter on The WB sitcom The Parent 'Hood, which was her first acting role. She also makes the voice of Roberta Tubbs on Fox animated sitcom *The Cleveland Show*.

## References
## Other websites
*
Finn the Human

**Finn Campbell Mertens** (also known as **Finn** and **Finn the Human**) is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the American animated television series *Adventure Time* created by Pendleton Ward. He is voiced by Jeremy Shada in most appearances. 

The character first appeared in the original pilot, where he was named **Pen** and voiced by Zack Shada, Jeremy's older brother.

The character has been met with largely positive critical reception.

Finn's enthusiastic nature becomes more serious as the series progresses, meaning he is both maturing and developing as a character as he ages. As shown in "Memories of Boom Boom Mountain", Finn appears to have been abandoned in the woods when he was a baby.

The show's creator Pendleton Ward said the Finn the Human and Jake the Dog were inspired by Ward's "[indoor] adventure experience" since he spent most of his childhood inside of his home.

## References
Vaddukoddai

**Vaddukoddai** (also spelled *Vattukkottai*, *Vatukotai*, or *Vattukotai*; ) is a town in northern Sri Lanka. It is a small but important town located on the Jaffna peninsula. This part of the country is dominated by Tamil people.
Shulem Deen

**Shulem Deen** (born 1974) is the author of a memoir, *All Who Go Do Not Return* (2015),  and the editor of *Unpious.com*, an online journal for voices critical of Hasidic lifestyle and beliefs.

## Career 
Deen first became known as the author of the blog, "Hasidic Rebel," which he wrote from 2003 until 2012, and which was the subject of a 2003 feature article in the *Village Voice*. Deen's blog was the first widely read website by a practicing Hasid casting doubt on his religious faith. His memoir chronicles his often painful change from a devout member of the Skverer Hasidic community in New Square, New York to a secular Jew.

In 2010, Deen launched the Unpious website along with "Shtreimel," another ex-Hasidic blogger, and has served as its editor throughout. He has also written several pieces for other publications on the intersection of Hasidic and secular lives, including articles in the *Jewish Daily Forward*, *Tablet Magazine*, *Salon*, and *Zeek*.

He currently serves as a Board member at Footsteps, a New York City organization that assists formerly ultra-Orthodox Jews with transitioning to life outside the Orthodox world. 

## Personal life 
Deen spent his early life among Satmar Hasidim in Borough Park, Brooklyn, and joined the Skverer sect when he was a teenager, moving to the town of New Square, to settle after marriage. He was married in 1993, and has five children.

In 2005, Deen was expelled from New Square by its leaders for holding heretical views, and several years later divorced his wife and left the Hasidic lifestyle entirely. He currently lives in Brooklyn New York  He is mostly estranged from his children, who have remained among the Skverer Hasidim in New Square, N.Y.

## References
Mandela (disambiguation)

**Nelson Mandela** was an anti-apartheid activist and democratically elected President of South Africa.

**Mandela** might also mean:

**Mandela* (moth), a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family
*Elasmia mandela (E. mandela), a species of moth of the family Notodontidae, of the genus Elasmia

## Nelson Mandela topics
**Mandela: The Authorised Biography*, a 1999 book by Anthony Sampson
**Mandela* (1996 movie), a documentary movie
**Mandela* (1987 movie), an HBO television movie
**Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom*, a 2013 biographical movie about Nelson Mandela
**Free Nelson Mandela*, also known as *Nelson Mandela*, a 1984 protest song by The Specials / The Special AKA
**Morning, Mandela* (2017 movie), a movie and storytelling of Nelson Mandela who wakes up as a leader of South Africa.

## Locations
*Mandela, Rajasthan, a village in Sikar, Rajasthan, India
*Mandela, Lazio, a town in Italy
*Mandela, Massachusetts, a proposed town in Massachusetts, USA

## People
*Relatives of Nelson Mandela:
** Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (1936—2018), anti-apartheid activist, politician and wife of Nelson Mandela
** Zenani Mandela-Dlamini, South African diplomat and politician, daughter of Nelson Mandela
* Mandela, African surname: (unrelated to Nelson Mandela)
** Ocansey Mandela, Burkina Faso football player
** Mandela Barnes, American community organizer, activist and politician
** Mandela Van Peebles, American actor
** Mandela Bellamy, American dancer
Charlie Day

**Charles Peckham Day** (born February 9, 1976) is an American actor, musician, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for portraying Charlie Kelly on ''It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia*, as well as for his roles in the movies *Horrible Bosses* (2011) and *Pacific Rim'' (2013).

## References
## Other websites
*
François Deguelt

**François Deguelt** (born **Louis Deghelt**, 4 December 1932 – 22 January 2014) was a French singer. He was best known for his performance on behalf of Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contests of 1960 and 1962.

Deguelt died on 22 January 2014 in Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France from heart failure, age 81.

## References
## Other websites
* Discography and cover art at encyclopédisque.fr
San Luis Obispo, California

**San Luis Obispo** is a city in the U.S. state of California. It is about halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco. It was founded in 1772 by Junípero Serra.

San Luis Obispo is one of California's oldest settlements. It is the county seat of San Luis Obispo County. At the 2020 census, 47,063 people lived there. California Polytechnic State University is in San Luis Obispo.

## References
Northern Province, Sri Lanka

The **Northern Province** ( '**;  **') is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The capital of the province is Jaffna. The Sri Lankan Civil War began in this province. It where most of the Tamil people in Sri Lanka live.

Provinces in Sri Lanka were created in the 19th century. Provincial councils were created in 1987 by a change to the Constitution. Between 1988 and 2006 the Northern Province and the Eastern Province were temporarily put together to make the North Eastern Province.

## Districts 
* Jaffna District
* Kilinochchi District
* Mannar District
* Mullaitivu District
* Vavuniya District

## Related pages 
* Tamil Eelam

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
*
Greg Whyte

**Greg Whyte,** OBE (born 21 June 1967) is a former Olympian and a sports scientist. He won a World Championship silver medal and a European bronze medal. Whyte also competed in two Olympic Games, representing Great Britain in the Modern Pentathlon.

Whyte has been involved in Comic Relief. 
His role has been to train and coach celebrities who do challenges for charity, such as comedian David Walliams, John Bishop, James Cracknell, Cheryl Cole, Gary Barlow, and Eddie Izzard. He is also an authority in the UK on exercise physiology, sports performance and rehabilitation.

## Notes
Jaffna

**Jaffna** (, '**,  **') is the capital city of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. The population of Jaffna is 88,138. Jaffna is Sri Lanka's 12th largest city.The biggest of all in Jaffna is the Jaffna Fort and Nallur Kandasamy temple. The statue made out of gold was the man who was the person who put Sinhala people and Tamil people together.

## Related pages 
* Burning of Jaffna library

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* Jaffna District – Jaffna Traveler Information
* Yarl Mann – Jaffna Culture, Tradition & Heritage
Computation

**Computation** is the act of  (working out) something by processing information. It involves using specific rules, either mathematical or logical. It may or may not involve using numbers; the computation of numbers and arithmetic is generally called ''''. The study of computation is called computer science.

The theory of computation involves determining whether a certain problem can be solved by computation.

## Related pages 
* Algorithm

## References
Shulamit Aloni

**Shulamit Aloni** (; 29 November 1928 – 24 January 2014) was an Israeli lawyer and politician. She founded the Ratz party. She was the leader of the Meretz party, and served as Minister of Education from 1992 to 1993. In 2000, she won the Israel Prize.

Aloni died on January 24, 2014 at her home in Tel Aviv, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
*Shulamit Aloni  Jewish Agency
*Shulamit Aloni Jewish Virtual Library
*Shulamit Aloni, Knesset website
Colombo District

**Colombo District** (;  '''') is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka. Districts are the second-level administrative divisions of the country.

## Geography
Colombo District is in the south west of Sri Lanka. It has an area of .

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Jason Sudeikis

**Daniel Jason Sudeikis** ( ; born September 18, 1975) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He is known for creating and playing the lead role in the Apple TV+ series *Ted Lasso*. It won him an Emmy Award in 2021, two Golden Globe Awards and a SAG Award in 2020.

## Career
In 2003, he was hired as a sketch writer for *Saturday Night Live* and became a cast member from 2005 to 2013. He has appeared on television in *30 Rock*, *The Cleveland Show*, *Eastbound & Down*, and other shows. 

In 2009, he was part of the legendary and last episode of *Joe Buck Live* when Artie Lange, high on Vicodin and whisky, called Jason a " Lucky Pierre" and verbally fought with Joe Buck live on air. This resulted in the cancellation of *Joe Buck Live*.  

He played "Schmitty" on ''It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia*.  He is also known for his roles in the movies *Hall Pass*, *Horrible Bosses*, *Epic*, and *We're the Millers''.

## Personal life
Sudeikis was born on September 18, 1975 in Fairfax, Virginia.

In June 2004, he married American screenwriter Kay Cannon. They separated in 2008 and divorced in February 2010.

In 2011, Sudeikis began dating American actress Olivia Wilde. They became engaged in January 2013. They have a son, Otis and a daughter, Daisy. Sudeikis and Wilde's relationship ended in November 2020.

## References
## Other websites
*
Calculus of variations

The **calculus of variations** is a field of mathematical analysis. It usually deals with functions defined on the real numbers, and with finding minima and maxima of such functions. When finding a minimum or maximum, there are often additional conditions that need to be satisfied. In the 18th century, mathematicians such as Leonhard Euler and Joseph-Louis Lagrange made this kind of calculus popular. 

Other people who influenced it include Adrien-Marie Legendre, Alfred Clebsch, Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi and Karl Weierstraß. Today, calculus of variations is used in different fields of science, such as geodesy, theoretical physics, classical mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Swell Radio

**Swell Radio** is a mobile radio streaming application. It learns what kind of radio stations the user likes based on listening to behaviour, community filtering and an algorithm. It was originally designed for use while going to and coming from work. The service focuses on delivering spoken-word audio content to users.

The app is available on iOS devices worldwide but content is customized to the United States and Canada. The application does not have any advertisements.

## History 
Concept.io, creator of Swell Radio, raised $5.4 million in Series A Funding led by venture capital firm Draper Fisher Jurvetson. The application originally launched the application on the iOS platform in Canada in early 2013 and officially launched in the United States on June 27, 2013. 

## References
Law of sines

The **sine rule** or **law of sines**, is a theorem in mathematics. It says that, if you have a triangle like the one in the picture, the equation below is true.
: \frac{a}{\sin A} \,=\, \frac{b}{\sin B} \,=\, \frac{c}{\sin C} \,=\, D \!

This is another version, which is also true.
:  \frac{\sin A}{a} \,=\, \frac{\sin B}{b} \,=\, \frac{\sin C}{c} \!

**D** is equal to the diameter of the triangle's circumcircle. 

The law of sines is used to find the remaining sides of a triangle when two angles and a side are known. This is known as triangulation. The law of sines can also be used when two sides and one of the angles not enclosed by the two sides are known. In some such cases, the formula gives two possible values for the enclosed angle. This is called an *ambiguous case*.

The law of sines is one of two trigonometric equations which is used to find lengths and angles in scalene triangles. The other is the law of cosines.

## Proof
The area T of any triangle can be written as one half of its base times its height (drawn from the vertex not on the base).  Depending on which side one chooses to be the base, the area can be given by
:T = \frac{1}{2}b(c \sin A) = \frac{1}{2}c(a \sin B) = \frac{1}{2}a(b \sin C)\,.
Multiplying these by 2/abc gives
:\frac{2T}{abc} = \frac{\sin A}{a} = \frac{\sin B}{b} = \frac{\sin C}{c}\,.

## References
Collective noun

A **collective noun** is a noun that describes a group of things. In the examples, the word in italics is the collective term.

Examples are:
*A *bench* of magistrates
*A *congregation* of worshippers
*A *bunch* of grapes/keys
*A *list* of characters
Catbells

**Catbells** is a fell in the English Lake District in the county of Cumbria. It has a modest height of . It is one of the most popular fells in the area. It is on the western shore of Derwent Water within  of the busy tourist town of Keswick. Its distinctive shape catches the attention of many visitors to the Lakes who like to climb to the top. There is a view of this mountain from Friars Crag on the opposite side of Derwent Water. The fell's unusual name may have come from a distortion of "Cat Bields" meaning shelter of the wildcat. But this is not certain. The fell's name is sometimes written as "Cat Bells".

## References
Hattula

**Hattula** is a municipality in Finland. As of 31 October 2013, 9,704 people lived there. Nearby municipalities are Hämeenlinna, Pälkäne and Valkeakoski.

Economy: There municipality is home to a tank brigade; C. 600 people have a job (or employment) with the brigade.
A company has plans (as of 2024) to build 12 wind turbine power plants.

## References 
## Other websites 
* The official page
Welfare economics

**Welfare economics** is a field of economics that looks at the problem of allocating resources. It uses techniques from microeconomics to assess general well-being. From this assessment, it tries to find an allocation of productive factors as to desirability and economic efficiency within an economy, often  relative to competitive general equilibrium. It analyzes *social welfare* in terms of economic activities of the individuals that compose the theoretical society considered. Individuals and their economic activities are the basic units for aggregating to social welfare. The aggregation may focus on a group of people, a community, or a society. There is no "social welfare" apart from the "welfare" associated with its individual units.

Welfare economics typically takes individual preferences as given and tries to improve  welfare in terms of  Pareto efficiency. As an example, social state B is "better" than social state A, if at least one person prefers *B* and no one else opposes it. Another aspect of welfare treats income/goods distribution, including equality, as a further dimension of welfare.

**Social welfare** refers to the overall welfare of society. With sufficiently strong assumptions, it can be defined as the sum of the welfare of all the individuals in the society. Welfare may be measured either cardinally in terms of "" or dollars, or measured ordinarily in terms of Pareto efficiency. The cardinal method in "utils" is rarely used in pure theory today. Its main problem is that different kinds of "utility" cannot easily be summed up without losing the meaning of the measurement. In applied welfare economics money-value estimates are often used. One example of applied welfare economics is cost-benefit analysis.  Money-value estimates are a useful form of measurement where income-distribution effects are factored into the analysis or seem unlikely to change the analysis.

The capabilities approach to welfare argues that freedom - what people are free to do or be - should be included in welfare assessments, and the approach has been particularly influential in development policy circles where the emphasis on multi-dimensionality and freedom has shaped the evolution of the Human Development Index.

Other classifying terms in welfare economics include externalities, equity, justice, inequality, and altruism.

## References
Jaffna District

**Jaffna District** ( ''''; ) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka. Districts are the second level of administrative division of the country. The capital of the district is the city of Jaffna.

## Administrative units 
Jaffna District is divided into 15 Divisional Secretary's Division (DS Divisions), each headed by a Divisional Secretary (previously known as an Assistant Government Agent). The DS Divisions are further sub-divided into 435 Grama Niladhari Divisions (GN Divisions).

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Valkeakoski

**Valkeakoski** is a city in Finland. It is known for its paper industry. Nearby municipalities are Akaa, Hattula, Hämeenlinna, Kangasala, Lempäälä and Pälkäne. In 1973, Sääksmäki was merged with Valkeakoski.

## Other websites
Vavuniya

**Vavuniya** (, ) is a large town in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It is governed by an Urban Council. It is also the main town of Vavuniya District.

## Other websites
Mullaitivu District

**Mullaitivu District** ( ''''; ) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka. Districts are the second level administrative divisions of the country. The capital of the district is the town of Mullaitivu.

Mullaitivu District is in the north east of Sri Lanka. It is part of the Northern Province. It has an area of .

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Districts of Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, **districts** (, ) are the second-level administrative divisions. The first level are the provinces. Each province contains a number of districts. There are 25 districts in the country. They are organized into 9 provinces. Each district is administered under a District Secretary. Secretaries are appointed by the central government.

## Districts
All population numbers are from the most recent census of Sri Lanka, in 2012. Population density has been calculated using the land area rather than the total area (total area would have included the area of rivers and lakes).

## References
Central Province, Sri Lanka

The **Central Province** ( '**,  **') is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. It is located in the central mountainous area of the island. It is the sixth largest province by area. About 2.5 million people live here. The border of this province are North Central Province on the North, Uva Province on the East, North Western Province on the West and Sabaragamuwa Province on the South and West. The province's capital is Kandy.

## Towns
### Large towns
* Nuwara Eliya (Municipal Council)
* Matale (Municipal Council)
* Gampola (Urban Council)
* Dambulla (Urban Council)

### Other towns
* Walapane
* Madawala Bazaar
* Nawalapitiya UC
* Hatton-Dikoya UC
* Wattegama UC
* Ginigathena
* Galewela
* Akurana
* Hanguranketa
* Ukuwela
* Kadugannawa UC
* Kundasale
* Naula
* Laggala
* Udupussellawa
* Rattota
* Abewela
* Alawatugoda
* Lindula-Talawakele UC
* Pilimatalawa
* Teldeniya
* Kotmale
* Maskeliya
* Talatuoya
* Walapane
* Padiyapalella
* Sigiriya
* Watawala

## References
## Other websites
* Central Provincial Council Sri Lanka  
* Central Provincial Postal Codes Sri Lanka 
* Cities in Central province  
* Searchable Map of Sri Lanka
American Motors

**American Motors** (AMC) was an American car company. It was formed in 1954 when Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company became one company.  It is famous for its Javelin and AMX muscle cars. AMC bought the Jeep car company in 1970. In 1987, Chrysler bought AMC for US $1.5 billion. 

## References
Sagittarius A*

**Sagittarius A*** (**Sgr A***) is a bright astronomical radio source at the center of the Milky Way. It is in the direction of the constellations Sagittarius and Scorpius. 

The radio source is part of a larger astronomical feature known as Sagittarius A. Sagittarius A* is thought to be a supermassive black hole, like those that are at the centers of most spiral and elliptical galaxies. Observations of the star S2 in orbit around Sagittarius A* were used to show the presence of the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole. This led to the conclusion that Sagittarius A* is the site of that black hole. Another star, S8, is orbiting Sagittarius A* along with many other stars. A star known as S14 has an extremely elliptical orbitand a star named S4716 has an orbital period of only 4 years.

## Related pages
* Sagittarius A
* Sagittarius

## References
## Other websites
North Central Province, Sri Lanka

**North Central Province** ( '**,  **') is a province of Sri Lanka. Its capital city is Anuradhapura. The province is not densely populated. It has a weak economy.

## Towns 
Anuradhapura is the only major city. It is governed by a Municipal Council. Other towns in the province are:

* Polonnaruwa-Kaduruwela
* Medawachchiya
* Kahatagasdigiliya
* Hingurakgoda
* Nochchiyagama
* Kekirawa
* Minneriya
* Horowpatana
* Tambuttegama
* Manampitiya
* Eppawala
* Habarana
* Maradankadawala
* Rambewa
* Mihintale
* Talawa
* Padawiya
* Kebitigollawa
* Giritale
* Mahailuppallama
* Welikanda

## References
## Other websites
* North Central Province Provincial Council 
* Cities in North Central province
Eastern Province, Sri Lanka

The **Eastern Province** ( '**;  **') is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The capital of the province is Trincomalee.

Provinces are the first level administrative division of the country. Provinces in Sri Lanka were created in the 19th century. Provincial councils were created in 1987 by a change to the Constitution. Between 1988 and 2006 the Northern Province and the Eastern Province were temporarily put together to make the North Eastern Province.

The Eastern Province has an area of .

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Pope Linus

**Pope Linus** was the second Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome). He was pope from 67 to 76 AD.

Linus came from Volterra, Tuscany.  He became a follower of Peter. Peter was pleased with Linus and introduced him to the teachings of Christianity.  After a time He was consecrated by Peter as a Bishop. He formed a Christian community in Ruvo, Apulia. The location where the community of Linus met is now known as the Crypt of San Cleto. He was also sent to Besançon and brought many people to Christianity. He is recognized as a saint. His feast day is 23 September, the same day as his death.

## References
North Western Province, Sri Lanka

**North Western Province** ( '**,  **') is a province of Sri Lanka. The districts of Kurunegala and Puttalam are in North Western Province. Its capital city is Kurunegala.

The only higher educational institute in the province is the Wayamba University of Sri Lanka.

## Districts
North Western Province is divided into 2 districts:
* Kurunegala District 
* Puttalam District 

## Settlements
;Major cities
* Kurunegala (Municipal Council)

;Big towns
* Puttalam (Urban Council)
* Kuliyapitiya (Urban Council)
* Chilaw (Urban Council)

;Other towns
* Wariyapola
* Anamaduwa
* Narammala
* Wennappuwa
* Galgamuwa
* Pannala
* Alawwa
* Dankotuwa
* Hiripitiya
* Maho
* Nattandiya
* Kalpitiya
* Nikaweratiya
* Hettipola
* Bingiriya
* Marawila
* Giriulla
* Madampe

## References
## Other websites
* 
* North Western Province Postal Codes [complete list of post codes for all towns and villages of wayamba palatha]
* North-Western Provincial Council  at the official website of the government of Sri-Lanka
Uva Province

**Uva** ( *Uva*,  *Uva*) is a province of Sri Lanka. It was created in 1896. The capital city of the province is Badulla. There are about 1,259,880 people living in Uva Province. It is the second least populated province in the country.

Uva consists of two districts: Badulla and Moneragala. Eastern, Southern and Central provinces form the border of Uva.

Its major tourist attractions are Dunhinda Falls, Diyaluma Falls, Rawana Falls, the Yala National Park (lying partly in the Southern and Eastern Provinces) and Gal Oya National Park (lying partly in the Eastern Province). The Gal Oya hills and the Central mountains are the main highlands. The Mahaweli and Menik rivers and the huge Senanayake Samudraya and Maduru Oya Reservoirs are the major waterways.

## Districts
Uva is divided into 2 districts:
* Badulla District 
* Moneragala District 

## Towns
Badulla is the only major city in the province. It is governed by a Municipal Council.

;Large towns
* Bandarawela (Municipal Council)
* Haputale (Urban Council)

;Other towns
* Monaragala
* Welimada
* Haputale
* Passara
* Ella
* Mahiyanganaya
* Diyatalawa
* Haliela
* Bibile
* Wellawaya
* Haldummulla
* Beragala
* Lunugala
* Buttala
* Madulla
* Kataragama
* Tanamalwila
* Badalkumbura
* Siyambalanduwa
* Okkampitiya

## References
## Other websites
* 
* All Cities in Uva province
Trincomalee District

**Trincomalee District** ( ''''; ) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka. Districts are the second-level administrative divisions of the country. The capital of the district is the city of Trincomalee.

Trincomalee District is in the east of Sri Lanka. It is part of the Eastern Province. It has an area of .

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Fell

A **fell** (from Old Norse *fell*, *fjall*, "mountain") is a high and barren landscape feature, such as a mountain range or moor-covered hills. The term is most often employed in Scandinavia, the Isle of Man, parts of northern England, and Scotland.

## Origins of the name 
The English word *fell* comes from Old Norse *fell*, *fjall* (both forms existed).

## References 
## Other websites 
* Welcome to the Fjelds!
Lamar Alexander

**Andrew Lamar Alexander, Jr.** (born July 3, 1940) is an American politician. He was a United States senator from Tennessee from 2003 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. Alexander was conference chair of the Republican Party in the US Senate from 2007 to 2012.

He unsuccessfully ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 1996 and 2000.

In December 2018, Alexander announced his retirement from the Senate by not running in the 2020 election.

## References
## Other websites
*Senator Lamar Alexander  official US Senate site
*Lamar Alexander for Senate 
*Profile  at SourceWatch
Warren Christopher

**Warren Minor Christopher** (October 27, 1925 &ndash; March 18, 2011) was an American lawyer, diplomat and politician.

## Early life
Christopher was born in Scranton, North Dakota on October 27, 1925. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Christopher studied at the University of Southern California and at Stanford Law School.

## Career
Christopher served as the 63rd Secretary of State under Bill Clinton's presidency. He also served as Deputy Attorney General in the Lyndon B. Johnson administration, and as Deputy Secretary of State in the Jimmy Carter administration.

At the time of his death, he was a Senior Partner at O'Melveny & Myers

## References
## Other websites
John McHugh

**John Michael McHugh** (born September 29, 1948) is an American politician and diplomat. He is the 21st United States Secretary of the Army. He was a former New York representative in the United States House of Representatives.

On June 2, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated him to the position of United States Secretary of the Army. The United States Senate confirmed McHugh in a voice vote on September 16, 2009. He was sworn in as the 21st Secretary of the Army at a Pentagon ceremony on September 21, 2009. He resigned on November 1, 2015.

## References
## Other websites
*Secretary of the Army, United States Army website
*Statemens by John M. McHugh