open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lucha Underground

***Lucha Underground*** (originally called ***Lucha: Uprising***) was an American professional wrestling television series. The show was produced by United Artists Media Group. It aired weekly in English on the El Rey network, and in Spanish on UniMás. The promotion featured wrestlers from both the American independent circuit and the Mexican wrestling promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA).

It was announced on January 12, 2014, that AAA would start airing a show on the American network El Rey on the second half of the year and that it would be backed by Mark Burnett. It would feature monthly and quarterly specials and live pay-per-views. On October 29, 2014, the series premiered on El Rey Network. It aired Wednesdays at 8:00 p.m. ET. It premiered in Spanish on November 1, 2014 on UniMás. It aired Saturdays at 4:00 p.m. on UniMás.

Prince Puma was crowned as the first Lucha Underground Champion on October 5, 2014.

Angélico, Ivelisse and Son of Havoc became the first Lucha Underground Trios Champions when they won the Trios Tournament on February 8, 2015.

On September 21, 2015, it was announced that there would be a second season of Lucha Underground.

The series was cancelled on November 7, 2018 because of a lack of money.

## Last champions
## References
## Other websites
*Official website
Salients, re-entrants and pockets

A **salient** is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory. The attacking troops creating the salient are vulnerable to attack from the front and flanks of the salient. The enemy's line facing a salient is referred to as a **re-entrant** (an angle pointing inwards). A deep salient is vulnerable to being "pinched out" across the base. If that happens the attackers are then ed.* This is what happened at the Battle of the Bulge in World War II. 

In fortifications, a salient is a part of the defense structure that sticks outward.
*A similar salient existed around the French city of Verdun. The Battle of Verdun around it cost both sides heavy casualties.
*Also in World War I, the Germans occupied a small salient in front of Fromelles. It was called the Sugarloaf due to its distinctive shape. 
*In World War II, the Soviet Union occupied a massive  deep salient at Kursk. It became the site of the largest tank battle in history and a decisive battle on the Eastern Front.
*In World War II, the German Army launched a surprise attack against advancing Allied forces in the Ardennes. It became commonly known as the Battle of the Bulge (also known as the Ardennes Offensive and the Von Rundstedt Offensive).
*In the Korean War, the Republic of Korea (or South Korea) Army occupied the Kumsong salient from 1951 to 1953. This salient was lost by a massive Chinese offensive in June-July of 1953, in a battle of the same name.

## References
John Tory

**John Howard Tory** (; born May 28, 1954) is a Canadian politician. He is the former mayor of Toronto, where he was born.

Tory was a candidate for the 2003 Toronto mayoral election. He finished in second place and lost to David Miller. After this, from 2004 to 2009, he was the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. He was also a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2005 to 2007 for the riding of Dufferin—Peel—Wellington—Grey.

He was elected in the 2014 election against Olivia Chow and Doug Ford, the other leading competitors. He succeeded Rob Ford. In 2018, Tory was re-elected for a second time. In this election he defeated a former Chief City Planner, Jennifer Keesmaat.

On February 17, 2023, John Tory resigned as Mayor of Toronto after it became known that he had an affair with one of his staff members. 

## References
The Accused (1988 movie)

***The Accused*** is a 1988 American crime drama movie. It is about a young woman who is gang raped in a bar. Jodie Foster plays Sarah Tobias. Kelly McGillis plays Kathryn Murphy.

Foster won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 2018.

This movie got positive reviews from critics. It made a lot of money.

## References
Ekushey Padak

**Ekushey Padak** () is one of the highest civilian awards in Bangladesh. It was introduced in memory of the martyrs of the Language Movement of 1952 (). 

The award consists of 100,000 Taka, an 18 carat gold medal weighing 3 tolas. It also includes a certificate of honour.
The amount of the cash reward was originally 25 thousand taka, but it was increased to 100 thousand taka. The Ministry of Cultural Affairs manages the Padak.

## Prize categories and winners
]]

* Ekushey Padak in Language movement
* Ekushey Padak in Language and literature
* Ekushey Padak in Education and research
* Ekushey Padak in Arts
* Ekushey Padak in Journalism
* Ekushey Padak in Science and technology
* Ekushey Padak in Social welfare

## Awards by decade
* Ekushey Padak  Awards (1976–1979)
* Ekushey Padak  Awards (1980–1989)
* Ekushey Padak  Awards (1990–1999)
* Ekushey Padak  Awards (2000–2009)
* Ekushey Padak  Awards (2010–2019)

## References
Wembley Arena

**Wembley Arena** is an indoor arena in Wembley, London, England. It is next to Wembley Stadium. The arena was built for the 1934 British Empire Games. Originally, it had a large swimming pool, as reflected by its name at the time, **Empire Pool**. In 1978, it was renamed Wembley Arena. It became one of the best known indoor music venues in England. Since 1934, Wembley has hosted concerts by the world's most famous artists, spanning many different genres of music.

## References
Dick Tracy (movie)

***Dick Tracy*** is a 1990 action movie. This movie was based on the 1930s character of the same name. The movie is about mobsters and street gangs. Warren Beatty plays the title character. Madonna plays Breathless Mahoney and Glenne Headly plays Tess Trueheart.

Beatty also directed and produced *Dick Tracy*.

This movie got mixed reviews from the critics. It was, however, a box office success. It received three Academy Awards.

A video game based on the movie was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in August 1990. 

## Other websites 
*
Where the Heart Is (1990 movie)

***Where the Heart Is*** is a 1990 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about a man whose business is to tear down buildings. He is stuck with a building he can't tear down due to its history. He sends his lazy grown children to live there.

Joanna Cassidy plays Jean. Dabney Coleman plays Stewart. Uma Thurman plays Daphne. The movie was released on 1 January 1990.

## References 
## Other websites
*
Windows xT

**Windows xT** (part of xT) can either refer to an individual or following versions of Microsoft Windows:
*Windows NT
*Windows RT
Licence to Kill

***Licence to Kill*** is a 1989 adventure movie. The movie is about James Bond being suspended from MI6 as he goes after a drug lord. Timothy Dalton plays James Bond. Priscilla Barnes plays Della. The movie got good s from critics. Gladys Knight sings the title song of the movie.

## Cast 
* Timothy Dalton as James Bond
* Carey Lowell as Pam Bouvier
* Robert Davi as Franz Sanchez
* Anthony Zerbe as Milton Krest
* Wayne Newton as Joe Butcher
* Pedro Armendariz Jr. as Hector Lopez
* Benicio Del Toro as Dario
* Desmond Llewelyn as Q
* Anthony Starke as Truman-Lodge
* David Hedison as Felix Leiter
* Priscilla Barnes as Della Leiter
* Talisa Soto as Lupe
* Robert Brown as M
* Frank McRae as Sharkey
* Everett McGill as Killifer
* Alejandro Bracho as Perez
* Guy De Saint Cyr as Braun
* Don Stround as Heller
* Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa as Kwang
* Christopher Neame as Fallon
* Caroline Bliss as Miss Moneypenny

## References 
## Other websites
*
Ralph Foody

**Ralph Wesley Foody** (November 13, 1928 – November 21, 1999) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Gangster Johnny in *Home Alone* and in *Home Alone 2: Lost in New York* in the black-and-white fictional films *Angels with Filthy Souls* and *Angels with Even Filthier Souls*.

Foody died in Lexington, Kentucky from cancer in 1999 at 71.

## Other websites
*
Tom Adams (actor)

**Tom Adams** (9 March 1938 - 11 December 2014) was an English actor. Adams was known for his roles as Dai Nimmo in *The Great Escape* and as Commander Vorshak in *Doctor Who*.

Adams died on 11 December 2014 at the age of 76 at Wexham Park Hospital in Slough, Berkshire from cancer of unknown primary origin.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ahmed Kathrada

**Ahmed Mohamed Kathrada** (21 August 1929 &ndash; 28 March 2017), sometimes known by the nickname "**Kathy**", was a South African politician and former political prisoner and anti-apartheid activist.

Kathrada's involvement in the anti-apartheid activities of the African National Congress (ANC) led him to his long-term imprisonment following the  Rivonia Trial. He was held at Robben Island and Pollsmoor Prison with Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu.

Following his release in 1990, he was elected to serve as a member of parliament, representing the ANC.

Kathrada died at a medical center in Johannesburg from complications of a blood clot in the brain on 28 March 2017, aged 87.

## References
## Other websites
* **African Activist Archive** See a 1970s ANC campaign button "Free South African Political Prisoners - Free Ahmed Kathrada - ANC"
* **South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid - Building Democracy** Read a brief biography of Ahmed Kathrada from **South African History Online**
* **South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid - Building Democracy** Listen to an interview with Ahmed Kathrada and two presentations made by him at Michigan State University in 2006 with comments on the armed struggle, banning, freedom, race, post-apartheid South Africa, and the African National Congress (ANC).
John Baxter (footballer)

**John Baxter** (15 October 1936 &ndash; 12 December 2014) was a Scottish footballer. He played as a wing half for Hibernian, Falkirk and Clydebank during the 1950s and 1960s. 

He was capped once by Scotland at under–23 level. He played for Hibs in the 1958 Scottish Cup Final, which Hibs lost 1–0 to Clyde.

Baxter died in December 2014, aged 78.

## References
Bob Solinger

**Robert Edward "Solly" Solinger** (December 23, 1925 – December 10, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. he played 99 games in the National Hockey League. Solinger was born in Star City, Saskatchewan. He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs and Detroit Red Wings.

Solinger died in Edmonton, Alberta, aged 88, on December 10, 2014.

## References
## Other websites
*
Corey Graves

**Matt Polinsky** (born February 24, 1984) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring name **Corey Graves**. He is currently signed to the WWE and works as a commentator for SmackDown.

During his career, Polinsky was a one-time NXT Tag Team Champion with Adrian Neville. He is also known for his work on the independent circuit where he competed under the ring name **Sterling James Keenan**.

## WWE
### Florida Championship Wrestling and NXT (2011–present) 
On December 11 2014, during the pre-show of NXT Takeover: R Evolution, Graves announced that he was officially retiring from in-ring competition because of his concussion issues. Graves would then announce that he would join the NXT commentary team and that he would start at the beginning at the event. He was given a two-year contract by Triple H, which gives him a shot at becoming a guest commentator for either *Raw*, *SmackDown* or pay-per-views.

## In wrestling 
***Finishing moves**
****As Corey Graves**
****Lucky 13* / *13th Step* (Inverted figure-four leglock)
****As Sterling James Keenan**
****MK Ultra* (Back-to-belly piledriver)
***Signature moves**
****As Corey Graves**
***Chop block
***Single leg Boston crab
****As Sterling James Keenan**
***Dragon suplex
***Fireman's carry dropped into a backbreaker
****Helter Skelter* (Rope hung triangle choke)
***STO
***Tilt-a-whirl powerbomb
***Managers**
**Leah West
***Nicknames**
****"The Savior of Misbehavior"**

## Championships
***1 Pro Wrestling**
**1PW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
***Absolute Intense Wrestling**
**AIW Absolute Championship (1 time)
***Ballpark Brawl**
**Natural Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
***Far North Wrestling**
**FNW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
***Florida Championship Wrestling**
**FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Jake Carter)
*'''Funkin' Conservatory**
**FC Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Chris Cage)
***International Wrestling Cartel**
**IWC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
**IWC Super Indy Championship (1 time)
***Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
**He was ranked **#118** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.
***Pro Wrestling Zero1**
**Zero-One United States Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
***Union of Independent Professional wrestlers**
**UIPW Keystone Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
***WWE NXT'''
** NXT Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Adrian Neville)

## References 
## Other websites
*WWE profile
*
Frances Langford

**Julia Frances Newbern-Langford** (April 4, 1913 – July 11, 2005) was an American singer and actress. She was popular during the Golden Age of Radio. She also appeared in movies such as in *This Is the Army* and in *Yankee Doodle Dandy*. Langford was born in Lakeland, Florida.

Langford died in Jensen Beach, Florida from congestive heart failure, aged 92.
Jensen Beach, Florida

**Jensen Beach** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Martin County, Florida, United States. The population was 12,652 at the 2020 census.

## References
Ionosphere

The **ionosphere** () is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth. Closest to the surface of Earth, the ionosphere is about  away. It goes on up to  above sea level.

## The outer limits of the ionosphere
 fountain* (or *polar wind'') in the Earth's atmosphere. The drawing shows bright yellow (next to the green colored area). That orange area is supposed to show ions (that come from gas in the atmosphere) that are escaping from the atmosphere (into space). The escape of those oxygen ions and hydrogen ions and helium ions, are part of the *plasma fountain* effect. The atmosphere (including the ionosphere) near the North pole and South pole, goes higher above the surface of Earth, than in other places. The drawing shows the area near the North pole, and the *plasma fountain*. The drawing does not show the area near the South pole (and gas escaping from the atmosphere there).]]

Much research has been done on Plasma fountain (or Polar wind).

In 2007, a research paper said that Plasma fountain (or Polar wind) is "an ambipolar outflow of thermal plasma from [the ionosphere near the North pole and South pole, or] high-latitude ionosphere"; That plasma moves from the ionosphere to the magnetosphere. 

Decades of research have led to a body of scientific work; A thing that it says, is that there is at least one electric field on the outer limits (of the ionosphere).

The electric field gets called different things, such as 
*polarization field (and polarization electric field)
*ambipolar field (and ambipolar electric field)

### Causes of the *plasma fountain* (or polar wind)
About 30 years of research [as of the 2020s], says that the cause of the *plasma fountain* (or polar wind) is ambipolar outflow of thermal plasma: ion acceleration by a polarization electric field at high altitudes. 
The polarization electric field or ambipolar electric field was originally proposed in the 1920s for ionized stellar atmospheres. 

The field is very small but, unlike other forces, it points away from gravity. In low-density plasma at high altitude (above Earth), it overwhelms gravity for light ions.

## Related pages
*Kennelly-Heaviside layer

## Sources
Bill Bonds

**Bill Bonds** (February 23, 1932 – December 13, 2014) was an American television anchor and reporter. He was best known for his work at WXYZ-TV in Detroit, Michigan. Bonds became an Action News anchorman beginning in the early 1970s.

Bonds died at his home in Southfield, Michigan on December 13, 2014, from a heart attack.

## References
Ernst Albrecht

**Ernst Carl Julius Albrecht** (19 June 1930 – 13 December 2014) was a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union. He was a former civil servant of the European Commission. He served as Prime Minister of the state of Lower Saxony from 1976 to 1990.

His daughter, Ursula von der Leyen, is the President of the European Commission.

Albrecht died on 13 December 2014 from Alzheimer's disease, aged 84.

## References 
## Other websites
Michael A. Epstein

Sir **Michael Anthony Epstein** CBE, FRS FMedSci (18 May 1921 &ndash; 6 February 2024) was a British virologist of Jewish descent. He was one of the discoverers of the Epstein-Barr virus. 

Epstein was Professor of Pathology, 1968-85, and Head of Department, 1968-82 at the University of Bristol.  In 1979 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London and was its Vice-President from 1986 to 1991. In 1989 he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea.

He died on 6 February 2024, at the age of 102.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Epstein-Barr virus, Sir Anthony Epstein  FRS
Superman: Ultimate Flight

**Superman: Ultimate Flight** is a steel roller coaster designed by Bolliger and Mabillard. It has been installed at three Six Flags theme parks around the United States. These are Six Flags Great Adventure, Six Flags Great America and Six Flags Over Georgia. Another park, Six Flags Discovery Kingdom has a shorter version with a more twisted course.

## References
Jack Swigert

**John Leonard "Jack" Swigert Jr.** (August 30, 1931 – December 27, 1982) was an American test pilot, mechanical engineer, aerospace engineer, United States Air Force pilot, and NASA astronaut, one of the 24 persons who have flown to the Moon.

Swigert was born in Denver, Colorado. He studied at the University of Colorado Boulder, at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and at University of Hartford.  

Before joining NASA in 1966, Swigert was a civilian test pilot and fighter pilot in the Air National Guard. After leaving NASA, he ran for Senate but lost in a primary election against Bill Armstrong. He later ran for the Congress for Colorado's new 6th district. Swigert won the election, but died before being sworn in.

Swigert was diagnosed with nasal cancer while he was running for Congress. At first doctors believed he would survive after treatment, however he was soon diagnosed with bone marrow cancer after having back pain in August 1982.

President Richard Nixon awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom to the Apollo 13 crew shortly after the end of their mission.

In 1995, Swigert was played by Kevin Bacon in Ron Howard's movie *Apollo 13*.

## References
## Other websites
*Official NASA biography
*Astronautix biography of John L. Swigert, Jr.
*Spacefacts biography of John L. Swigert, Jr.
*Swigert at Spaceacts 
*Swigert at Encyclopedia of Science
*About Jack Swigert
*''Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections''
*Jack Swigert at the Internet Movie Database
*Swigert at International Space Hall of Fame 
*John L. "Jack" Swigert, Jr., Award for Space Exploration 
*America Space: Jack Swigert
*
This Is the Army

***This Is the Army*** is a 1943 American wartime comedy-musical movie directed by Michael Curtiz. It was produced Hal B. Wallis and Jack L. Warner. It stars George Murphy, Joan Leslie, Ronald Reagan, Alan Hale, Sr., and Rosemary DeCamp. Joe Louis, Irving Berlin, Kate Smith, and Frances Langford appear as themselves. It was released on August 14, 1943. The movie won an Academy Award and was nominated for two others.

## References
A Dirty Shame

***A Dirty Shame*** is a 2004 satirical sex comedy movie. John Waters directed and wrote it. Tracey Ullman plays Sylvia. Selma Blair plays Caprice/Ursula. Patty Hearst plays Paige.

*A Dirty Shame* was released with an NC-17 rating by the MPAA. New Line Cinema was the distributor. It received mixed reviews.

## Plot
The people of Harford Road (Maryland Route #147) are divided into two camps: puritanical people who hate anything even remotely sexual. There are also the perverts, a group of sexual addicts whose sexual fetishes have been brought to the fore.

A held back Sylvia Stickles finds herself as a puritan. One day, she leaves her promiscuous daughter Caprice locked up over the garage and under house arrest. Sylvia is smacked on the head by a passing car. She meets Ray-Ray Perkins, a local mechanic.

Through a series of bizarre head knockings, everyone in the Harford Area of Baltimore becomes a sex addict. Ray-Ray shoots semen from his head. He becomes the messiah of "Let's Go Sexin'".

## Cast
* Tracey Ullman as Sylvia Stickles
* Johnny Knoxville as Ray-Ray Perkins
* Selma Blair as Caprice Stickles/"Ursula Udders"
* Chris Isaak as Vaughn Stickles
* Suzanne Shepherd as Big Ethel
* Mink Stole as Marge The Neuter 
* Patricia Hearst as Paige
* Jackie Hoffman as Dora
* Wes Johnson as Fat Fuck Frank
* Paul DeBoy as Wendell Doggett
* Gaelan Alexander Connell as Horny kid
* Channing Wilroy as Male motorist
* Rosemary Knower as Female motorist
* Alan J. Wendl as Officer Alvin
* James Ransone as Dingy Dave
* David A. Dunham as Mama Bear
* Dave Moretti as Papa Bear
* Jeffrey Auerbach as Baby Bear
* Jewel Orem as Officer Loose Linda
* Jonas Grey as Warren the mailman
* David DeBoy as Dr. Arlington
* Doug Roberts as Driving neuter husband
* Mary Vivian Pearce as Nonjudgmental ex-sex addict
* Jean Hill as Woman at fire escape
* Ty Ford as the taxi cab driver
* Bob Adams as Bus passenger
* George Figgs (*uncredited*) as Neuter
* Ricki Lake (*cameo*) as herself
* David Hasselhoff (*cameo*) as himself

## Production
John Waters decided to make the movie when he found several sexual slang terms over the internet.

According to Waters, when he asked MPAA what he would have needed to cut from the movie before he could have it rated R, they said "after a while, we just stopped taking notes." It was simply released into theaters with an NC-17 rating.

It was shot entirely on location in Baltimore on the Harford Road.

## Reception
*A Dirty Shame* got mixed reviews from critics. Some liked or loved its unashamed vulgarity. Others, though, went against it for the same reason. On the Rotten Tomatoes, the approval rating is 53%, based on the reviews of 117 critics. On the Metacritic, the review for the movie is 56 out of 100, which means "mixed or average".

## References
Zero-point energy

**Zero-point energy** is the energy of the vacuum space, the space between the subatomic particles within atoms. There are a few theories about how much energy there is in that space. There is the theory that there is an incredibly small, very near-zero amount, the theory that there is zero energy there, the theory that the amount of energy is indeterminable, and the theory that a cubic centimetre of vacuum has a few levels of magnitude more energy than would be required to create the Big Bang.

If you look at the way physics is going, there are atoms, then there are subatomic particles making up atoms (e.g. electrons, protons, neutrons), then further subatomic particles making up those subatomic particles (e.g. quarks, gluons), and now there is string theory. String theory says that those smallest subatomic particles are made of vibrating strings of energy, and that those strings have practically no actual width whatsoever. So all the matter of the universe could be compressed into an extremely small space, hence the Big Bang theory. If this is the case, the large energy interpretation of zero-point energy seems likely.

The term "zero-point" comes from the cooling of helium to 0 kelvin. Even at fractions below 1 Kelvin, the helium stays fluid with no signs of freezing.

## References
* What's the Energy Density of the Vacuum?

## Other websites
* Physics: Superfluid helium HD | experiment and explanation.
* Zero-point energy?  "Ask the Van" popular science FAQ at University of Illinois.
Black Christmas (1974 movie)

***Black Christmas*** (also released as ***Silent Night, Evil Night***, and ***Stranger in the House***) is a 1974 Canadian independent horror movie. It was directed and produced by Bob Clark. *Black Christmas* was released on October 11, 1974 in Canada, December 20, 1974 in the United States, and on October 12, 1975 in the United Kingdom. The movie is inspired by the urban legend "The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs" and is also based on murders that took place in Quebec around Christmas. The movie is considered to be one of the first slasher movies. There was a remake that was made and released on Christmas of 2006.

The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 63% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

A remake of the same name was released in 2006.

## Cast 
* Olivia Hussey as Jess
* Keir Dullea as Peter
* Margot Kidder as Barb
* John Saxon as Lt. Fuller
* Marian Waldman as Mrs. Mac
* Andrea Martin as Phyllis "Phyl"
* James Edmond as Mr. Harrison
* Douglas "Doug" McGrath as Sergeant Nash
* Arthur "Art" Hindle as Chris
* Lynne Griffin as Clare
* Michael Rapport as Patrick
* Leslie "Les" Carlson as Graham
* Martha Gibson as Mrs. Quaife
* John Rutter as Laughing Detective
* Robert Warner as Doctor
* Syd Brown as Farmer
* Jack Van Evera as Search Party
* Les Rubie as Search Party
* Marcia Diamond as Woman
* Pam Barney as Jean
* Robert Hawkins as Wes
* David Clement as Cogan (as *Dave Clement*)
* Julian Reed as Jennings
* Dave Mann as Cop
* John Stoneham Sr. as Cop (as *John Stoneham*)
* Danny Gain as Cop
* Tom Foreman as Cop
* John 'Frenchie' Berger as Man on snowmobile (uncredited)
* Bob Clark as Prowler Shadow / Phone Voice (uncredited)
* Nick Mancuso as The Prowler / Phone Voice (uncredited)
* Debi Weldon as Sorority Girl (uncredited)

## References
## Other websites 
*
Babyfever

***Babyfever*** is a 1994 American comedy drama television movie. It was directed and written by Henry Jaglom and Victoria Foyt. Foyt also stars in the movie.

## Story 
A woman is torn between her current boyfriend and an unexpected arrival of an old boyfriend.

## Actors 
* Victoria Foyt as Gena
* Matt Salinger as James
* Frances Fisher as Rosie
* Eric Roberts as Anthony
* Dinah Lenney as Roz
* Elaine Kagan as Milly
* Zack Norman as Mark
* Jackie Moen as Diane
* Eliza Roberts as Dr. Hilda Glass
* Charlayne Woodard as Eartha

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* *Babyface* at the Notable Names Database
Eeyore

**Eeyore** is a fictional character from the book series and children's franchise *Winnie the Pooh*. He is pessimistic, gloomy old donkey who happens to be a friend of Winnie the Pooh. He is hardly ever happy and when he is he is still sardonic and a bit cynical. His grumpiness might be attributed to the fact that his tail is affixed to his behind using a pushpin. Nevertheless he seems genuinely appreciative of the efforts of his friends to cheer him up, for example when Pooh and Piglet build The House at Pooh Corner for him, or when they give him birthday presents of a honey jar is empty and a balloon! accidentally burst.

Eeyore is always overlooked and is often used as a beast of burden, most notably when he was ridden by Rabbit in his search for train "borowers" in *The Tigger Without a Name* and *The Pooh with a Name*. Nearly all of Eeyore's houses have fallen down, been knocked down, or been bounced down. However, Eeyore is not good at *building* the houses; butterflies often knock them down just by landing on them.  Yet, like tortured Sisyphus, he soldiers on and rebuilds again, time after time.

Despite his depressive nature, Eeyore is capable of great compassion which is shown when he grows a plant that Rabbit, a master gardener, was unable to grow just by showing the plant a little love.

In merchandise by the Walt Disney Company, Eeyore always has an uncharacteristic smile. Also, he is somewhat less caustic and sarcastic in the Disney version than in A. A. Milne's original stories. It must also be noted that Eeyore's tail was not always fixed to him by a pushpin although Disney have chosen this as his permanent image.

Eeyore's name is a phonetic representation of the donkey's bray, possibly derived from the baby talk name for the animal.

Eeyore's birthday was December 25, 1921, when Christopher Robin received him as a Christmas present.
Black Christmas (2006 movie)

***Black Christmas*** (also abbreviated as ***Black X-Mas***) is a 2006 Canadian-American slasher movie. It was directed by Glen Morgan and was produced by Marty Adelstein, Steve Hoban, Glen Morgan, Dawn Parouse, Victor Solnicki, and James Wong. *Black Christmas* was released on December 15, 2006 in the United Kingdom and on December 25, 2006 in the United States. The movie is loose remake of the 1974 movie with the same name.

In December 2006, before the movie's premiere, it gained some criticism from religious groups because of its graphic content in a holiday setting, and the distributor's choice to release the movie on Christmas Day in the United States.

The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 14% "rotten" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Sam Adams of the Los Angeles Times was quoted as saying "Like an ugly tie or a pair of slipper socks, Black Christmas is destined to be forgotten the instant it's unwrapped, gathering dust until the season rolls around again".
 
## Cast 
* Katie Cassidy as Kelli Presley
* Michelle Trachtenberg as Melissa Kitt
* Mary Elizabeth Winstead as Heather Lee-Fitzgerald
* Lacey Chabert as Dana Mathis
* Kristen Cloke as Leigh Colvin
* Andrea Martin as Barbara MacHenry/Mrs. Mac
* Crystal Lowe as Lauren Hannon
* Oliver Hudson as Kyle Autry
* Karin Konoval as Constance Lenz
* Dean Friss as Agnes Lenz
** Christina Crivici as 8-year-old Agnes
* Robert Mann as William Billy Lenz
** Cainan Wiebe as young Billy
* Jessica Harmon as Megan Helms
* Leela Savasta as Clair Crosby
* Kathleen Kole as Eve Agnew
* Howard Siegel as Beauregard Rice
* Peter Wilds as Frank Lenz

## References
## Other websites 
*
Joey Bishop

**Joey Bishop** (February 3, 1918 – October 17, 2007) born **Joseph Abraham Gottlieb**, was an American entertainer. He appeared on television as early as 1948 and eventually starred in his own weekly comedy series playing a talk show host. He then later hosted a late night talk show. 

He later became a member of the "Rat Pack" with Frank Sinatra, Peter Lawford, Sammy Davis, Jr., and Dean Martin. Bishop was born in The Bronx, New York.

Bishop died from heart failure in Newport Beach, California, aged 89.

## Other websites
*
*Joey Bishop, 89; comedian was last surviving member of Rat Pack
*
*Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia website
Peter Lawford

**Peter Sydney Ernest Lawford** (born Peter Sydney Ernest Aylen; September 7, 1923 – December 24, 1984) was an English-born American actor and singer. He was born in London.

He was a member of the "Rat Pack" along with Dean Martin. He was married to Patricia Kennedy. Lawford then became the brother-in-law to President John F. Kennedy. He had four children; including Christopher.

From the 1940s to the 1960s, he had a strong role in popular culture and starred in a number of popular movies.

Lawford died from cardiac arrest caused by renal failure and liver failure in Los Angeles, California, aged 61.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
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Inside Out (2015 movie)

***lnside Out aka Natural Log Side Out or Nlside Out*** is a 2015 American computer animated comedy-drama adventure movie. It was produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie is directed by one of Pixar's leading talents Pete Docter. The film was shown at the Cannes Film Festival on May 19, 2015 and was released on June 19, 2015. It is about eular's constant and natural logs and worships its founder, John Napier.

## Plot
Riley Anderson is an 11-year-old girl. She moves from Minnesota to San Francisco with her family. This affects a number of emotions in her head that each control her feelings, thoughts and memories. The five emotion characters are: Joy, Anger, Disgust, Fear and Sadness. Each of the characters has power over an island of Riley's life, which represent different parts of her . 

After a bad series of events at her first day of school, Joy and Sadness get sucked out of Headquarters, where the 5 emotions work. The rest of the movie consists of the other 3 emotions trying to compensate for Joy's absence but failing to.

Near the end of the movie, after Riley tries running away out of homesickness, Sadness and Joy come back. After every emotion tried discarding Sadness in the past, she stops Riley from going back to Minnesota. Riley then goes back to her new house and cries about missing her old home with her parents, with Joy and Sadness in control. After she finishes crying, a bittersweet yellow and blue memory comes out, made by the both of them. This is Riley's first mixed-emotion memory. This memory makes the emotions realize that Sadness also plays an important role in Riley's life.

## Cast
## References
## Other websites
* 
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Wild Card (movie)

***Wild Card*** is a 2015 crime drama movie. Jason Statham plays security guard Nick Wild, who has a gambling problem. Stanley Tucci plays Baby. Anne Heche plays Roxy.

The movie was released by Lionsgate. It is based on the novel *Heat*. It is a remake of a movie from 1986 called *Heat*.

## References
## Other websites
*
2014 Sydney hostage crisis

On 15 and 16 December 2014, there was a hostage crisis in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Seventeen people were taken hostage by a gunman at 9:44 a.m. in a Lindt chocolate café in Martin Place on 15 December. The gunman has been identified as Iranian immigrant Man Haron Monis. He had a criminal record and supported Islamic terrorism. Five people, three workers and two customers, escaped after being held by Monis for several hours. Monis shot one hostage who died.  Seventeen hours after the crisis started, the police raided the café at 2:44 a.m. on the morning of 16 December. The gunman died during when the police shot him in the head. Another hostage was killed by police bullet fragments. Four other people were injured. There has been world-wide condemnation of the attack.

## References
## Other websites
Joan Barril

**Joan Barril i Cuixart** (20 January 1952 &ndash; 13 December 2014) was a Spanish journalist and writer. He was born in Barcelona, Spain. He was known for his writing columns in *El País*, *La Vanguardia* and in *El Periódico de Catalunya*.

Barril died in Barcelona, Spain from pneumonia, aged 62.

## References
## Other websites
* Web de *El Cafè de la República*  
* Web de opinión de *El Periódico de Catalunya 
* Web del programa *Qwerty''  
* Entrevista a Joan Barril 
* Editorial Barril & Barral
David H. Gambrell

**David Henry Gambrell** (December 20, 1929 &ndash; May 6, 2021) was an American politician. Gambrell served in the United States Senate representing Georgia from 1971 through 1972. He was appointed to the Senate by President Jimmy Carter.

Gambrell died on May 6, 2021 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 91.

## References
Andreas Schockenhoff

**Andreas Schockenhoff** (February 23, 1957 &ndash; 13 December 2014) was a German politician of the CDU. From 1990 until his death in 2014, he served as a member of the German Bundestag. In the general election in 2013, he was elected the seventh consecutive year as a direct mandate for the federal electoral district Ravensburg in the German Bundestag. Schockenhoff was born in Ludwigsburg, Germany.

Schockenhoff died in Ravensburg, Germany, aged 57.

## References
## Other websites
Geoff Downes

**Geoffrey "Geoff" Downes** (born 25 August 1952) is an English rock songwriter, record producer, and musician, mainly a keyboardist. He is mainly known as a member of the New wave duo The Buggles, progressive rock band Yes, and supergroup Asia.

## Discography
### Solo 
; Studio albums
* *The Light Program* (1986, Store for Music)
* *Vox Humana* (1992, JIMCO/Czar)
* *Evolution* (1998, Blueprint Records)
* *The World Service* (2000, Blueprint Records)
* *Shadows & Reflections* (2003, Blueprint Records)

## References
House of Grimaldi

The **House of Grimaldi** is associated with the history of the Republic of Genoa, Italy and of the Principality of Monaco. The head of the present family is Prince Albert II of Monaco. He is the son of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco and Grace Kelly. The state is also well known for having a Princess in her own right. 

## Links 
* House of Natoli

## References
Flying University

**Flying University** (or "Floating University") was a counterculture educational activist group in Warsaw, Poland. They gathered in private apartments to teach history and the Polish language to students. The group operated for 20 years from 1885 to 1905. Warsaw was then under the control of the Russian Empire. Marie Curie became a student here after being banned from Warsaw University because of her sex. 

## References
Because I Said So

***Because I Said So*** is a 2007 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about an overbearing mother who is concerned about her three daughters. Diane Keaton plays Daphne. Mandy Moore plays Milly. Piper Perabo plays Mae. Lauren Graham plays Maggie.

*Because I Said So* got negative reviews from critics. But it did very well at the box office. It took in more than $69 million against a $39 million budget.

## Other websites
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George A. Sinner

**George Albert Sinner** (May 19, 1928 &ndash; March 9, 2018) was an American politician. He served as the 29th Governor of North Dakota from 1985 through 1992. He served two four-year terms as governor.

Sinner died on March 9, 2018 in Fargo of pneumonia at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Jane Sinner Papers at The University of North Dakota 
* North Dakota Historical Society: George Sinner
Lauren Graham

**Lauren Graham** (born March 16, 1967) is an American actress, producer and novelist. She played Lorelai Gilmore on *Gilmore Girls*. She played Sarah Braverman in the TV series *Parenthood*.

Graham was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.

## References
## Other websites
*
Piper Perabo

**Piper Perabo** (born October 31, 1976) is an American actress. She acts in movies, television and on stage. In the movie *Whiteboyz*, she played Sara. She played Violet "Jersey" Sanford in *Coyote Ugly*.

Perabo was born in Dallas, Texas. She grew up in Toms River, New Jersey.

## References
## Other websites
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Active transport

**Active transport** is when molecules move across a cell membrane from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. This takes energy, often from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Active transport is done so cells get what they need, such as ions, glucose and amino acids. 

In general, molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. To get molecules into the cell *against* the concentration gradient, work must be done. The work is done in special proteins which act as ports in the cell membrane. The imports must come through the ports: they cannot get through the bilipid layer of the cell membrane.

## Types of ports 
There are three main types of protein ports in cell membranes: 
*Uniporters: they use energy from ATP to pull molecules in.
*Symporters: they use the movement in of one molecule to pull in another molecule against gradient.
*Antiporters: one substance moves against its gradient, using energy from the second substance (mostly Na+, K+ or H+) moving down its gradient.

## References
Caravan (travellers)

A **caravan** (from ) is a group of people traveling together. Often they are on a trade expedition. 

## History 
### On the Silk Road 
Caravans were used mainly in desert areas and throughout the Silk Road.  Traveling in groups aided in defense against bandits, in the same way that convoys at sea helped protect against piracy. It also helped improve economies of scale in trade. In the 14th century there were reports of caravans of up to 12,000 camels.

In historical times, caravans traveled across East Asia and Europe. They often carried luxurious and lucrative goods, such as silks or jewelry. They would trade these for salt, gold, copper or slaves. At first donkey carts were used. They were replaced with the single hump camel. The camel could go great distances on very little water. The profits from a successful trade journey could be great. 

Many rulers along important trade routes created *caravanserai* (way-stations). These were places where caravans could refresh their animals and supplies can be replenished. However, the volume a caravan could transport was limited. For example, a caravan of 500 camels could only transport as much as a third or half of the goods carried by a regular Byzantine merchant sailing ship.

## Caravans today 
Present-day caravans still transport important goods in less-developed areas of the world. Examples are the camel trains traversing the southern edges of the Sahara Desert. Also, modern caravans are often made up of cars, trucks and busses.

## Related pages 
* The Silk Road
* Trade

## References
Eastcote

**Eastcote** is a suburban area in west London. (It was in Middlesex until the county was abolished in 1965). It is part of the London Borough of Hillingdon. In the Middle Ages, Eastcote was one of the three areas that made up the parish of Ruislip, under the name of Ascot. The name came from its position to the east of the parish. From the mid-17th century there were clusters of small hamlets in this area.

## References
Self storage

**Self storage** is a place where rooms or spaces are rented to individuals and companies. These can very large rooms or outside spaces, or as small as a simple locker. These spaces are usually rented on a short term lease, or on a month by month basis.

A business may use self storage as a way to free up expensive office space to store company files, inventory, equipment, furniture and other items.

The person or business leasing the space is responsible for placing items inside. The storage company does not usually have access to the spaces.

The money spent on self storage in the USA was estimated to be $24 billion in 2013.

## References
Walking stick

A **walking stick** is a device used by many people to help keep their balance while walking. Others use them as an accessory. Walking sticks come in many shapes and sizes, and can be sought by collectors.  Some kinds of walking stick may be used by people with disabilities as a crutch or cane. The walking stick has also historically been known to be used as a defensive or offensive weapon, and may conceal a knife or sword as in a swordstick. The "tippling cane" contained a flask usually to hold a small amount of liquor. The Quarterstaff and the Shillelagh are also walking sticks.

## Medieval quarterstaff 
A quarterstaff was a traditional European walking stick/weapon used from the middle age to the Early Modern period. It was usually a shaft of hardwood from  long. It was used the same as a walking stick but also as a weapon. It was later called a "short staff" as it became shorter. The term is best known from the legends of Robin Hood. In many s of the story, he fights variously a monk, Little John or others with a quarterstaff. In most versions Robin Hood loses and ends up in the stream.

## Fashion accessory 
From about 1550 until 1930, walking sticks were a fashion accessory. They were not much used for walking but were more worn. A proper lady or gentleman would never be without their walking stick or cane.  Many were elegant canes with highly d handles.  Sometime during the 17th century, the decorated walking stick replaced the sword carried by aristocrats as a status symbol. A good walking stick or pole helps hikers keep their balance while crossing streams or rocks. typically a thick knotty stick with a large knob at the top. Many are made from oak or willow. Both stick training and *shinai* (sword) training use the walking stick. Some are light but shinai-weight and heavier are more common. It can be less  than a sword but is deadly against a knife or similar weapons. With practice a walking stick user can deliver a *kote-man* or double-strike. Once to the wrist (holding the knife) followed instantly by a second blow to the assailant's head. Andrew Jackson carried a sword-cane and was known to have used it.

## Related pages
* Cane
* Posture cane

## References 
## Other websites 
* Rabology (Walking Sticks)
* Collecting Antique Walking Sticks and Canes
Chakri

**Chakradhar Gilla** (known as Chakri) (15 June 1974 – 15 December 2014) was an Indian music composer and singer. He works for Tollywood movies. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu for the movie *Satyam* (2003). His song named "O Maguva Nee Sneham Kosam" from his movie "Satyam" was thought to be his best known work. Chakri was born in Mahabubabad, Telangana.

Chakri died from a heart attack in Hyderabad, Telangana, aged 40.

## References
## Other websites
*
Caravan

A **caravan** may refer to:

## Automobile models 
*Dodge Caravan
*Nissan Caravan
*Chevrolet Caravan (GM do Brasil)
* Caravan, term used by the German manufacturer Opel to denote its station wagon body style

## Road vehicles 
*Travel trailer, a small trailer known in the British Isles and Australasia as a caravan

## Other 
*Convoy, a group of vehicles or ships traveling together for mutual support
*Caravan Tours, an escorted tour company
*Caravan (travellers), a group of travellers journeying together
Louis Alphonse Koyagialo

**Louis Alphonse Daniel Koyagialo Ngbase te Gerengbo** (23 March 1947 – 14 December 2014) was a Congolese politician. He was Deputy Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the second cabinet of Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito. He was responsible for the Ministry of Postal Services, Telephones, and Telecommunications . He became Acting Prime Minister on 6 March 2012 after Prime Minister Muzito resigned.

## References
Saint Lucy

window of Saint Lucy, Dordogne, France]]
**Saint Lucy**  was born in Italy. Lucy’s mother tried to arrange a marriage for her. Lucy did not want to marry. Her mother agreed, but the rejected bridegroom was not happy. He betrayed Lucy to the governor as a Christian. Lucy was killed. She died at age 21.

## Related page
*St. Lucia Day
Mieszko II Lambert

**Mieszko II Lambert** (ca. 990 - May 10, 1034) was a king of Poland from 1025 to 1031, and a duke of Poland from 1032 to 1034 from the Piast dynasty. He was the second son of Boleslaw I the Brave. He is the third known Polish ruler. He was father of Casimir I.

He was probably named after Mieszko I of Poland, who was his grandfather.

In 1028 and in 1030 he attacked Saxony. Later, Poland was attacked by Germany, Bohemia, and Kiev. When Poland was attacked by Yaroslav the Wise in 1031, Mieszko lost control over Poland. 

## References
John McVie

**John Graham "Mac" McVie** (born 26 November 1945) is a British bass guitarist. He is best known as a member of rock groups John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers and Fleetwood Mac. He joined Fleetwood Mac shortly after its formation by guitarist Peter Green in 1967. He replaced bassist Bob Brunning.

In 1968, he married blues pianist and singer Christine Perfect, who became a member of Fleetwood Mac two years later. John and Christine McVie divorced, however, in 1977.

On 27 October 2013, Fleetwood Mac announced on their Facebook Page that McVie had been diagnosed with cancer and would be undergoing treatment. He has continued to play with the band during their 2014 On With The Show tour following an improvement in his condition.

## References
## Other websites
* Fleetwood Mac official website 
*
Raquel Castro

**Raquel Castro** (born November 17, 1994) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played Gertie in *Jersey Girl* in 2004. She played Destiny in *Little Fugitive*.

Castro was born in Long Island, New York.

## Reference
## Other websites
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