open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rush Limbaugh

**Rush Hudson Limbaugh III** (, ;  January 12, 1951 – February 17, 2021) was an American conservative radio talk show host and writer. He was the host of *The Rush Limbaugh show* where callers could call in and express their opinions.  

## Criticisms
Leftist critic Media Matters said some of his views were sexist. The 2015 documentary *The Brainwashing Of My Dad* discusses how his program could radicalize people into sharing such views.

## Works and honors
In the 1990s, Limbaugh's books *The Way Things Ought to Be* (1992) and *See, I Told You So* (1993) made *The New York Times* Best Seller list.  

President Donald Trump awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in February 2020 during the State of the Union Address.

## Health and death
He went deaf and received a cochlear implant in 2001.

Limbaugh was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer in January 2020. Nine months later in October, he said that his cancer was terminal. Limbaugh died from problems caused by the disease in Palm Beach, Florida on February 17, 2021, a month after his 70th birthday.

## References
## Other websites 
* *The Rush Limbaugh Show*
Hoboken

**Hoboken** is a southern district of the city of Antwerp, in Flanders (Belgium). There are 34,443 people living there.

## Other websites
*Official Website
Bottlenose dolphin

A **bottlenose dolphin** is a kind of dolphin. The name "bottlenose" comes from its snout being shaped like a bottle. It breathes through a hole on top of its head. It is intelligent, and its brain is large. Bottlenose dolphins are closely related to porpoises. They are skilled and accurate hunters which eat small fish. Bottlenose dolphins are grey, with dark grey near their *blowhole* (the small hole on the top of their head for breating). They are light grey on their belly. This is called countershading: it makes them less easy to see. When it is grown up, it is about 2 to 4 meters (6.6 to 13.1ft) and about 150 to 650 kilograms (330 1430lb). The males are a usually a bit bigger than females. Dolphins which live in warm places are smaller than dolphins that live in cold places.  

## Taxonomy 
In 1998 the first species was described, *T. truncatus*.

Some subspecies have been named, they are:

: *T. t. truncatus*, the nominotypical subspecies
: *T. t. ponticus*, or the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin
: *T. t. gephyreus*, or Lahille's bottlenose dolphin
: *T. t. nuuanu*, or the Eastern Tropical Pacific bottlenose dolphin

Another subspecies was described at this time, as *T. t. gillii*, which was long considered a distinct subspecies of the species *T. gillii*. However, it is considered a synonym of *T. truncatus*.

Many recent studies show that this species may have evolved from some current species, depending on the point of view of Paleontologists and scientists, but the most accepted is that the species evolved from other ancestral species.

### Predation 
This species is heavily preyed upon by large predators, such as the Great white shark (*Carcharodon carcharias*) and the Orca (*Orcinus orca*). Some scientists believe that in the past, this species may have been preyed upon by other shark species, such as the Narrow white shark (*Carcharodon hastalis*).

### Diet 
This species feeds on small fish, squid, crabs and small shark species. They often use echolocation to find their prey, a kind of sonar.

## References
## Related pages 
* Dolphins
* Cetacea
* Killer whale
President of the German Bundesrat

The **President of the German Bundesrat** () is the speaker or chair of the German Bundesrat, which is the upper house of the German parliament.

Each of the ministers president of the federal *Länder* (states) acts as the president of the Bundesrat for one year.

The President of the Bundesrat can also act as deputy to the Federal President if the Federal President is out of Germany or not able to act because of illness etc. If the Federal President dies or is removed from office the President of the Bundestag will act as President until a new president is elected, which must be within thirty days.

## Election
The President of the Bundesrat is usually elected on the 1 November in one year, and serves until the 31 October of the next year. The Basic Law says, in Article 52.1, that "the Bundesrat elects its President for one year". However, in practice the presidency rotates among all Länder equally, in accordance with a predetermined order. The order changes sometimes, because it depends on each state's population.

If the head of government of a *Land* changes during the term of the President of the Bundesrat then the presidency passes to the new minister-president for the remainder of its one year duration. This happened in April 1999 when Roland Koch replaced Hans Eichel as minister-president of Hesse. The current order of rotation of the presidency of the Bundesrat is as follows:

#  (North Rhine-Westphalia)
#  (Bavaria)
# 
#  (Lower Saxony)
#  (Hesse)
#  (Saxony)
#  (Rhineland-Palatinate)
# 
#  (Saxony-Anhalt)
#  (Thuringia)
# 
# 
#  (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
# 
# 
# 

## Related pages
* List of presidents of the German Bundesrat
* German Bundesrat
* Politics of Germany

## Other websites
* The Bundesrat - President and Presidium  from Official Bundesrat website
List of presidents of the German Bundesrat

The President of the German Bundesrat () is the German Bundesrat's chairperson or speaker.

The office rotates among the ministers president of each of the federal *Länder* annually. The new Bundesratspräsident is elected during October and takes office on 1 November. In 1950 the Ministers President of the Länder agreed to elect the Bundesratspräsident on a rota, so that every state had a chance to preside over the Bundesrat and to show that the Bundesrat represents all of Germany, rather than the most successful political party.

The rota is based on the state's population.

## List
## Related pages
* President of the German Bundesrat

## References
## Other websites
* "Präsidenten des Bundesrates seit 1949"  (in German)
* Official Bundesrat website  (English).
Number 1's

'''''#1's''''' is a compilation album released by R&B group Destiny's Child. It was released on October 25, 2005 charting at #1 on the *Billboard* album chart, and at #6 on the UK album chart. It is the best selling greatest-hits album by a female group. Despite the album's title, only 5 of the singles went to the #1 spot on the *Billboard* Hot 100, and one single, ("Check On It") was sung solely by Beyonce with an additional rap from Slim Thug.

## Track listing 
# Stand Up for Love (2005 World Children's Day Anthem)
# Independent Women Part I
# Survivor
# Soldier (feat. T.I. & Lil Wayne)
# Check on It (Beyoncé feat. Slim Thug)
# Jumpin' Jumpin'
# Lose My Breath
# Say My Name
# Emotion
# Bug A Boo
# Bootylicious
# Bills, Bills, Bills
# Girl
# No, No, No|No, No, No Part 2 (feat. Wyclef Jean)
# Cater 2 U
# Feel The Same Way I Do

### Bonus Tracks 
* "Brown Eyes" **(Int. bonus track)**
* "So Good" **(Japan bonus track)**
* "Nasty Girl" **(Japan bonus track)**

### Charts
Maximilien de Robespierre

**Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre** (; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) is one of the best-known leaders of the French Revolution.  He was born in Arras, France and he went to school to become a lawyer and got his degree at law school. He was elected to the Estates General to help make laws for France. He fought against the French Monarchy, the death penalty, and slavery, and for democratic reforms and the people to have more power. He gained a reputation for defending the poor. His friends called him "incorruptible" for sticking to his moral values and killing his enemies. Later  he was elected president of the powerful Jacobin political group.

Robespierre led the committee of public safety during 1793.  Through it, he was able to execute the king. Even though Robespierre got thousands of people executed, Robespierre cared about the working class.

He executed King Louis XVI because he was convicted of treason.  Under the advice of Robespierre, the Committee of Public Safety came to control France. The period that the Committee of Public Safety ruled France is known as “The Reign of Terror” and Maximilien de Robespierre was their leader. In the Thermidorian Reaction Robespierre was caught and executed with 21 of his followers with a guillotine.  The National Convention were the people who overthrew Maximilien de Robespierre.

## Early life
Maximilien de Robespierre was born in Arras in the old French province of Artois. His family has been traced back to the 12th century in Picardy; some of his ancestors in the male line worked as notaries in Carvin near Arras from the beginning of the 17th century. It has been suggested that he was of Irish descent, his surname possibly a corruption of "Robert Speirs".

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

.]]

**The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen** () is one of the most important papers of the French Revolution. 
## Contents
This paper exists a list of rights, such as freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and separation of powers. All men have these rights. It also talks about some rights many people have together. This paper was written using some of the ideas of natural rights, these rights are for all men: they are supposed to be valid in all times and places. They are said to be rights of human nature. The last idea of the Declaration was accepted on 26 August 1789, by the National Constituent Assembly (*Assemblée nationale constituante*). It was a very important first thing to do before the people could write a  constitution. The paper explained these basic rights, not only for French people but for *all men without exception*, it did not say anything about the rights or role of women. It also did not talk about slavery.  People now think that it was an important step towards international human rights or Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

: "First Article – Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be founded only on the common utility."

The ideas written in the declaration are important in French law today. They can be used to fight or change new laws or other government actions. French law is based off of this document.

## References
Second Life

***Second Life*** is the biggest online virtual world. It was launched in 2003 by Linden Lab, a Californian software company founded by Philip Rosedale. It is made up of a large number of regions or islands, which can belong to continents. The users are called *residents*, and technically, they are *avatars*. The piece of software used to log on to Second Life is called a *viewer*.

Some people use this multi-user virtual environment (MUVE) for entertainment purposes, though it is not a game because it does not have any single goal that players must achieve. Other people use it to work or to study. Anyone is free to do anything they want, as long as they respect the Terms of Service. They are also free to create new things and add them to the virtual world. Players can make a lot of different things, including buildings, clothes, and landscapes. This is why Second Life is considered a platform, too.

Second Life regions are classified as:
* *general*, which must not have nudity or other sexually explicit content. Institutions such as universities, conference organizers, and real-world businesses usually own general regions.
* *moderate*, which host most of the non-adult activities common in Second Life, such as dance clubs, bars, stores and malls, galleries, music venues, beaches, and parks.
* *adult*, which have sexually explicit or violent content, and where minors are not allowed.

Many things that people can do in Second Life are about real life. For instance, some universities and companies use Second Life for education and training, including Stanford University, Indiana University and University of Western Australia.

Second Life can also be used for foreign language teaching by language educators. English as a foreign language has gained a presence through several schools, such as the British Council. Two popular places where Second Life users meet to practice English are Virtlantis and Cypris Chat. A list of educational projects, which also include some language schools, can be found in the Second Life wiki.

## Related pages
*Active Worlds
*IMVU

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official site
Bonerath

**Bonerath** is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 232 people lived there.

## Other websites 
* Official website
German TV

**German TV** was a German-speaking television program for viewers in the USA and in Canada.

It was founded as a joint program from ARD and ZDF, which formed 40% each of the broadcast output. The remaining 20% was from Deutsche Welle.

The channel broadcast 24 hours-a-day. The editorial staff and the management of German TV were in the offices of Deutsche Welle TV in Berlin.

German TV sent news and information as well as sport, children's programs, shows and other entertainment programs as well as various films from different areas.

German TV went on the air in April, 2002. It was able to be received in the USA, and in wide parts of Canada and Latin America, by Satellite or Cable TV.

## Other websites 
* http://www.german.tv/
Perfect Stranger (movie)

***Perfect Stranger*** is a big screen movie that was first shown in late 2006. It stars Halle Berry.

## Sources
Jiroft civilization

The **Jiroft Civilization** () is a proposed Early Bronze Age civilization of Sistan, Iran (fl. ca. 26th century BC). It was proposed by Yousef Madjidzadeh in 2003 because of archaeological artifacts confiscated by Iranian authorities. White Muscarella (2005) expresses serious doubt in the accuracy of the "Jiroft Civilization" as an archaeological entity. The Jiroft site itself is of undisputed notability as a mid-3rd millennium city situated between the Elamite civilization to the west and the Indus Valley civilization to the east.

## Other websites 
* Saudi Aramco World report 
* "New studies show Jiroft was ancient trade link" 
* about Iran civilizations
* Jiroft Inscription, Oldest Evidence of Written Language
* New Discoveries in Jiroft May Change History of Civilization
* Jiroft was an international trade center 5000 years ago
*See the fantastic Jiroft objects
American bison

The **American bison** (also called **American buffalo** or just **buffalo**) is a species of bison, a bovine mammal. The name "buffalo" is a misnomer, because the bison is only distantly related to the water buffalo and the African buffalo. 

Bison are a keystone species. They once roamed the North American continent in great herds, and their grazing helped in shaping the ecology of the Great Plains. However, buffalo hunters killed a massive number of bison. There used to be as many as 30 million bison in the United States, but because of hunting, by the year 1890, only 1,000 bison were left. Through conservation efforts, there are now more American bison than there used to be, but still far fewer than there were before the 1800s.

The American bison is often used in North America in official seals, flags, and logos. In 2016, the American bison became the national mammal of the United States.

## As livestock
Bisons have been used as livestock. They are known for having cattle-like meat, but it is leaner and slightly sweeter than beef.

## The beefalo
Bisons can interbreed with cattle to make a hybrid known as the beefalo.

## References
Combat sport

is a traditional Western combat sport.]]

A **combat sport** (also known as a **combative sport**) is a competitive contact sport where two combatants fight against each other using certain rules of contact, with the aim of simulating parts of real hand to hand combat. Boxing, kickboxing, wrestling, mixed martial arts and fencing are examples of combat sports.

The techniques used can be categorized into three domains: striking, grappling, and weapon usage. Some rule-sets specialize in one area, while others allow overlap.
Ground fighting

**Ground fighting** (in martial arts sometimes referred to as "ground work" or "ground game") is hand-to-hand combat which takes place while the fighters are on the ground, generally involving a degree of clutching of gripping.

## Other websites
*Free Jiu-Jitsu and Submission Grappling Videos 
*David Thomas' Ground Fighting Technique Catalog 
*www.lockflow.com/techniques.php    Illustrated explanations of groundfighting techniques
*www.bjj.org/techniques/  Guides to groundfighting and grappling techniques, with illustrations and some videos
*www.bjjzone.com  Grappling Technique Videos
*Submission Grappling Demo - 7 minutes
Schöndorf

**Schöndorf** is the name of two municipalities in Germany:
* Schöndorf, Rhineland-Palatinate, in the Trier-Saarburg district, Rhineland-Palatinate
* Schöndorf, Thuringia, in the Saale-Orla-Kreis, Thuringia

and to:
* *Schöndorf*, the German name for Frumușeni Commune, Arad County, Romania

## Other 
* Schondorf am Ammersee, a municipality in the district of Landsberg am Lech, Bavaria
Anderson Silva

**Anderson da Silva** (born April 14, 1975) is a Brazilian Muay Thai fighter and mixed martial artist (MMA). He is a former UFC middleweight champion. He is also the current Cage Rage World middleweight champion. Silva is the longest-reigning champion in that promotion. He has competed in PRIDE Fighting Championships, Shooto, and Rumble on the Rock. Silva holds notable wins over Rich Franklin, Hayato Sakurai, Nathan Marquardt and Jeremy Horn.

## Other websites 
*Official website
Karo Parisyan

**Karapet "Karo" Parisyan** (; born August 28, 1982 in Yerevan, Armenia) is an Armenian-American mixed martial arts fighter. His fighting style is mainly Judo, but has been modified to fight without the use of a Judogi.

His current professional MMA record is 17-4-0 with 9 of his wins coming by way of submission. Karo is currently fighting out of North Hollywood, California, and he is ranked as the 5th best welterweight fighter in the world by MMAweekly.com.

## Other websites
*Karo Parisyan's Official Web Site 
*UFC profile
*Legends Gym
ARD

**ARD** is a public broadcaster in Germany. The name is an abbreviation. It stands for *Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland*. This can be translated as "Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany". The company is made of different regional broadcasters. It provides one of the two (publicly funded) television programmes in Germany, amongst other programmes. The other publicly funded TV program is called Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF, in short).

It was founded in West Germany in 1950. It was made for common interests of the new, de-centralized post-war broadcasting services - in particular, the introduction of a joint television network.

ARD is made of the following regional broadcasters: BR, HR, MDR, NDR, Radio Bremen, RBB, SR, SWR, and WDR, as well as international broadcaster Deutsche Welle.

They make a total of 54 regional and local radio stations and networks, two nationwide radio channels, and seven regional TV networks. During certain parts of the day some of these split even further.
Mila Kunis

**Milena Markovna "Mila" Kunis** (; born August 14, 1983 in Chernivtsi, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Ukrainian-American actress and model of Jewish descent.

Kunis moved to Los Angeles in 1991. Her first acting role was in 1995. She is best known for playing Jackie Burkhart on the sitcom ''That '70s Show*. She also plays the voice of Meg Griffin on *Family Guy.'' Lacey Chabert played Meg Griffin in the first season, but Mila Kunis plays Meg Griffin now. She has been in a relationship with Ashton Kutcher since April 2012. The couple became engaged in February 2014. Their daughter was born in September 2014. Mila Kunis has ADHD.

## Movie list 
## References 
## Other websites 
*
Waldrach

**Waldrach** is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is near Trier. As of 31 December 2018, 2,035 people lived there.

## Other websites 
* Official website
Crazy in Love

"**Crazy in Love**" is an R&B/funk song written by Beyoncé Knowles, producer Rich Harrison, rapper Jay-Z, and Eugene Record. Released as the first single from Beyoncé's debut album *Dangerously in Love* in mid 2003 (see 2003 in music), it reached number one in the United States and United Kingdom and the top ten on the majority of charts it entered across the world. The song contains a prominent horn sample from The Chi-Lites' 1970 "Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)", and serves as the song's hook. Its success established Knowles as a leading solo performer following several years as a member of the band Destiny's Child.

## Music video 
The music video (released in May 2003) was filmed in May 2003 by Jake Nava and does not have a story. The opening scene begins with Knowles wearing a tank top, shorts, and red high-heels. She performs a dance on a riser. The scene shifts to a gold set detailing a mock photo shoot, before moving into a scene with dancers detailing Knowles and dancing against a wall while wearing caps and full length pants. In a controversial sequence, the video then shifts into its next scene, which shows a helpless Beyoncé struggling inside a car. She is apparently unaware that there is a trail of gasoline outside of the car, which Jay-Z ignites, causing the car to explode.

Knowles does not appear injured; next, she is dancing to Jay-Z's solo rap in an exotic silk print over a fur coat, and decides to kick a fire hydrant. She continues to dance whilst the water is flying all over the place. The video ends with Knowles and her dancers in front of a giant fan in vibrant dresses in contrast to the more neutral colors of the background.

## Formats and track listings 
;American 12" vinyl single
# "Krazy in Luv" (Rockwilder remix) – 4:12
# "Krazy in Luv" (Rockwilder remix instrumental) – 4:12
# "Krazy in Luv" (Adam 12 So Crazy remix) – 4:30
# "Krazy in Luv" (Maurice's Nu Soul remix) – 6:27
# "Krazy in Luv" (Juniors World remix) – 8:09

;American CD maxi single
# "Crazy in Love" (single version) – 4:11
# "Summertime" – 3:53
# "Krazy in Luv" (Maurice's Nu Soul remix) – 6:27
# "Krazy in Luv" (Rockwilder remix) – 4:12
# "Crazy in Love" (video)

;American CD maxi single
# "Crazy in Love" (album version) – 3:55
# "Crazy in Love" (no rap version) – 3:46
# "Crazy in Love" (single version) – 4:11

;British 12" vinyl single
# "Crazy in Love" (album version) – 3:55
# "Crazy in Love" (instrumental) – 3:55
# "Krazy in Luv" (Rockwilder remix) – 4:12
# "Krazy In Luv" (Lego's Poontin Muzik dub) – 5:39

;European CD single
# "Crazy in Love" (single version) – 4:11
# "Crazy in Love" (album version) – 4:26

## References
Tigranakert

under Tigranes the Great]]
**Tigranakert** (Armenian: Տիգրանակերտ, transliterated "Tigranakert" and also spelled "Dikranagerd" in Western Armenian; Latin Tigranocerta) was a city near present-day Silvan, Turkey, east of Diyarbakır. It was founded by the Armenian Emperor Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC. Tigranakert was founded as the new capital of the Armenian Empire in order to be in a more central position within the boundaries of the expanding empire.
## Related pages
* Tigranes the Great
* Kingdom of Armenia
* Battle of Tigranocerta
## Other websites 
* Ancient and premodern Armenia
* "Armenia's 12 Capital Cities" Exhibition Opened in Paris
Check on It

"**Check on It**" is an R&B song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Kasseem Dean, Sean Garrett, Angela Beyincé, and Stayve Thomas for the soundtrack to the 2006 movie *The Pink Panther*, in which Beyoncé co-stars. Although not included on its soundtrack album (because it only contains the movies scores), the song is included on Destiny's Child's greatest hits album ''#1's'' and on selected non-U.S. versions of Knowles' second studio album, ''B'Day*. It was produced by Knowles and Swizz Beatz.

## Formats and track listing
;CD single
# Album version – 3:34
# Instrumental – 3:31
# Bama Boyz After Dark remix – 4:15
# Bama Boyz remix – 3:54
# Grizz remix – 3:19
# Gantman Juke mix – 4:21

## Music video
When demand was growing for the song, Knowles shot a music video serving as promotion for both *#1's* and *The Pink Panther*. The video was directed by Hype Williams, filmed in October 2005. and was premiered on December 16 2005. The remix of the song in the music video features a remix of "The Pink Panther Theme" and a rap from Bun B. The video has a pink theme, with Knowles shown in mostly all pink (to fit in with *The Pink Panther''), and the dancers wear pink PVC jackets and dance around rippling pink satin sheets. The video cuts to Knowles wearing a pink polka dot corset against a hot magenta polka dot wall. Where black bars normally appear on a 4:3 (full screen) television showing a widescreen production, footage is displayed of pink curtains moving in the background.

"Check on It" won the 2006 MTV Video Music Award for "Best R&B Video" on August 31, 2006.

## Charts
|}

## References
Amor Gitano

***Amor Gitano*** (English: "Gypsy Love") is the theme song for the telenovela *Zorro: La Espada y la Rosa*, performed in Spanish by Alejandro Fernández and Beyoncé. The single was sold mainly in markets with a strong Latin demographic, such as Mexico, where it reached number thirty-eight on its official singles chart and number five on the Digital Sales Chart in late April 2007.

## Charts
## References
Irreplaceable

"**Irreplaceable**" is a song written by American singer-songwriters Beyoncé and Ne-Yo, and Norwegian songwriters Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Espen Lind, and Amund Bjørklund for Knowles' second studio album, ''B'Day'' (2006). Produced by Norwegian production team Stargate and Beyoncé, the song was released as the album's third single domestically, The track "Freakum Dress" was initially the third single for  single and the second international single, however due to the underperformance of the single "Ring The Alarm" "Irreplaceable" was rush released because of its high popularity. "Irreplaceable" reached number one on the *Billboard* Hot 100 on December 16, 2006, making it Beyoncé's eighth *Billboard* number-one, and her fourth as a solo artist (her first without a guest rapper). It has sold over two million copies in digital sales. It was the last U.S. #1 of 2006 and the first of 2007. It is positioned on B-flat major with a moderate tempo.

## Charts 
"Irreplaceable" has entered many charts around the world. The following table lists the various charts and peak positions. 

|}

1 Irreemplazable – Latin Version

## Track listings and formats 
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Irreplaceable".

***Canadian/U.S. CD single**
#"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
#"Irreplaceable" (Instrumental)
#"Irreplaceable" remix featuring Trina [New York bonus track]

***UK CD 1**
#"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
#"Ring the Alarm" (Freemasons Club Mix Radio Edit)

***UK CD 2**
#"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
#"Ring the Alarm" (Freemasons Club Mix Radio Edit)
#"Ring the Alarm" (Karmatronic Remix)
#"Ring the Alarm" (Tranzformas Remix featuring Collie Buddz)
#"Ring the Alarm" (Video)

***UK 12" vinyl single**
#"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
#"Irreplaceable" (Instrumental)
#"Ring the Alarm" (Freemasons Club Mix Radio Edit)
#"Ring the Alarm" (Album Version)

***Australian CD single**
#"Irreplaceable" (Album Version)
#"Déjà Vu" (Freemasons Club Mix)
#"Déjà Vu" (Remix)
# Roc-a-fella mix featuring Foxy Brown

***iTunes single**
#"Irreplaceable" (Ralphi & Craig Club Radio Remix)
#"Irreplaceable" (Ralphi & Craig Club Voc Remix)
#"Irreplaceable" (Ralphi Rosario Dub Remix)
#"Irreplaceable" (Maurice Joshua Remix Edit)
#"Irreplaceable" (Maurice Joshua Club Remix)
#"Irreplaceable" (featuring Ghostface Killah)
#"Irreplaceable" (DJ Speedy Remix)

## References
Work It Out

***Work It Out*** is a funk song written by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles and The Neptunes members Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo (who produced the track) for the soundtrack to the 2002 film *Austin Powers in Goldmember*—in which she plays Foxxy Cleopatra—and was later featured on the non-U.S. editions of Knowles' solo debut album, *Dangerously in Love* (2003). Released as a single in June 2002, it failed to chart on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100, but did experience moderate success on the *Billboard* Hot Dance Club Play chart, debuting at number forty-nine and later peaking at number eleven. Nevertheless, it was a relative hit in European countries such as the United Kingdom and Norway, where it reached number seven and number three respectively. The music video for the song was directed by Matthew Rolston. This funky number features Chad Hugo on the saxophone.

## Official versions 
* "Work It Out" (a capella)
* "Work It Out" (instrumental)
* "Work It Out" (demo version)
* "Work It Out" (radio edit)
* "Work It Out" (new radio edit)
* "Work It Out" (alternative bridge version)
* "Work It Out" (Azza's Nu Soul mix)
* "Work It Out" (Blow Your Horn dub)
* "Work It Out" (Charlie's Nu NRG mix)
* "Work It Out" (Goldmember Shagadelic mix)
* "Work It Out" (H&D Nu Rock mix)
* "Work It Out" (Maurice's Nu Soul mix)
* "Work It Out" (Rockwilder remix) (featuring Redman)
* "Work It Out" (T - Gray remix)
* "Work It Out" (D. Elliot remix)
* "Work It Out" (Victor Calderone mix)
* "Work It Out" (K.O. Ragga mix)
* "Work It Out" (K.O. Underworld dub)
* "Work It Out" (Illicit Planets of Universe mix)
* "Work It Out" (Vibelicious club mix)
* "Work It Out" (RC Groove Nu Electric mix)
* "Work It Out" (Jared Jones Vibelicious club mix)

## References
Listen (song)

***Listen*** is a song performed by American R&B singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles in the 2006 movie *Dreamgirls*. It was released as the first single from the film's soundtrack album on December 5, 2006 in the United States and on was released in the United Kingdom on February 19, 2007. The song can also be found as a hidden track on international editions of the singer's second solo studio album, ''B'Day'' (2006).

## Track listing 
* **International CD single**:
# "Listen" 3:37
# "Irreplaceable" (DJ Speedy Remix) 4:17

## Charts 
## Notes
True Star: A Private Performance

***True Star: A Private Performance*** is a two-track EP by American R&B singer Beyoncé. Produced by herself and Tommy Hilfiger, it was released exclusively in Austria in 2004 (see 2004 in music). Solely available with limited edition purchases of her fragrance by Hilfiger entitled True Star.

## Track listing 
## References
Get Me Bodied

***Get Me Bodied*** is a song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Sean Garrett, Solange Knowles, Angela Beyince, Makeba Riddick, and Swizz Beatz for Knowles' second studio album, ''B'Day'' (2006). Produced by Swizz Beatz, Sean Garrett, and Beyoncé, it was released as the album's fifth single in the United States on July 10, 2007, and has since reached number 68 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Formats and tracklisting 
### CD single 
#"Radio Edit" – 4:01 
#"Extended Mix" – 6:19 

### CD ringle 
#"Extended Mix" – 6:21 
#"Timbaland Remix (feat. Voltio)" – 6:17 
#"Timbaland Remix (feat. Fabolous)" – 4:50

## Chart
## Notes
Destiny's Child discography

The discography of the R&B group Destiny's Child.
Destiny' s Child has sold in total 75 million worldwide including albums, video albums and singles; its leader Beyoncé as a solo and featured artist has sold the same million of copies; its co-leader Kelly Rowland has sold as a solo and featured artis 20 albums and single's million worldwide.
In total Destiny's Child and its leader and co-leader has sold 170 million worldwide. 

## CD 
## DVD 
## Single 
## Videos
## Related pages
* Beyoncé Knowles discography
1983 Pacific hurricane season

The **1983 Pacific hurricane season** officially started May 15, 1983 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1983 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1983. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

This season, there were a record-setting 21 named storms this year. Of those storms, twelve became hurricanes. Eight hurricanes reached Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. No named storms formed in the central Pacific; however, there were two tropical depressions. A strong El Niño contributed to this level of activity. That same El Niño influenced a relatively quiet season in the Atlantic.

The most notable storms were hurricane Tico, Tropical Storm Octave, and Hurricane Winnie. Hurricane Tico left thousands homeless in Mazatlan; Tropical Storm Octave killed several people in one of Arizona's worst disasters; and Hurricane Winnie was a rare December cyclone.

## Other websites
* Unisys Weather archive for the Eastern Pacific, 1983 
* Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive
1970 Pacific hurricane season

The **1970 Pacific hurricane season** began on May 15, 1970 in the east Pacific, and on June 1, 1970 in the central Pacific. It ended on November 30, 1970. These dates conventionally delimit the period of time when tropical cyclones form in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

This season had an above average number of storms. There were twenty-one tropical cyclones, of which eighteen reached tropical storm strength. Four storms became hurricanes, of which none reached major hurricane strength. In the central Pacific, one hurricane and one tropical depression formed. One of the depressions crossed the dateline to become a typhoon.

## Other websites
* Unisys Storm Tracks 
* CPHC Archive
1977 Pacific hurricane season

The **1977 Pacific hurricane season** officially started May 15, 1977 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1977 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1977. These dates start and end the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeast Pacific Ocean. The season was very inactive.
 
This season had a record low level of activity. Only eight tropical storms formed, and four hurricanes. No major hurricanes formed. The next time this happened was during the 2003 season. Also, there was just one cyclogenesis in each of May, June, July, August, and October, which is also low. Activity in the central Pacific was zero, as no storms formed there nor moved in from the east. Strangely enough it was also not very active in the Eastern Pacific or the Atlantic.

## Other websites
* Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive
* Unisys Storm Archive
2003 Pacific hurricane season

The **2003 Pacific hurricane season** saw an strangely big number of tropical cyclones affect Mexico. The biggest cyclones in 2003 were Hurricanes Ignacio (which killed 2 people in Mexico) and Marty (which killed 12 people in Mexico). Those hurricanes were responsible for nearly $1 billion (2003 USD) in damage. Three other Pacific storms and three Atlantic storms also affected Mexico. The only other big storm of the season was Hurricane Jimena. Hurricane Jimena passed just to the south of Hawaii. Hurricane Jimena was the first storm to go near Hawaii for several years.

The season officially started on May 15, 2003 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 2003 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 2003. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The season saw 16 tropical storms form, which is about average. However, this season was the first Pacific hurricane season since 1977 to have no systems become major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.

## Storms 
### Hurricane Marty 
Marty killed 12 and destroyed 4,000 homes in Baja California. 

### Hurricane Nora 
Hurricane Nora was the strongest hurricane in the eastern Pacific Ocean in 2003.

### Other Storms 
*Tropical Storm Andres
*Tropical Storm Blanca
*Tropical Storm Carlos
*Tropical Storm Dolores
*Tropical Storm Enrique
*Tropical Storm Felicia
*Tropical Storm Guillermo
*Tropical Storm Hilda
*Tropical Depression One-C
*Hurricane Ignacio
*Hurricane Jimena
*Tropical Storm Kevin
*Hurricane Linda
*Hurricane Olaf
*Hurricane Patricia

## Other websites 
* NHC 2003 Pacific hurricane season archive
* HPC 2003 Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Pages
* Central Pacific Hurricane Center 2003 season summary
* Mariners Weather Log: Summary of the 2003 Pacific hurricane season
1989 Pacific hurricane season

The **1989 Pacific hurricane season** officially started May 15, 1989 in the Eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1989 in the Central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1989. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

Notable storms include Hurricanes Cosme, Kiko, and Raymond. Cosme crossed over Mexico and contributed to the formation of Tropical Storm Allison in the Atlantic. Hurricane Kiko made landfall on the Gulf of California side of the Baja California peninsula. Hurricane Raymond was the strongest storm of the season, but weakened significantly before landfall.

## Other websites
* [ftp://ftp.nhc.noaa.gov/pub/storm_archives/pacific/prelimep/ep1989/ NHC 1989 Pacific hurricane season archive]
* Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive
Lose My Breath

"**Lose My Breath**" is a song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams, Rodney Jerkins, LaShawn Daniels, Fred Jerkins III, Sean Garrett, and Shawn "Jay-Z" Corey Carter for Destiny's Child's fifth and last studio album, *Destiny Fulfilled* (2004). It was produced by Knowles and Jerkins and released as the album's lead single in autumn 2004. The single was released with "Why You Actin'" as the b-side. The song reached number one in Belgium, China, India, Israel, Ireland, and Switzerland and entered the top ten on the majority of the charts it appeared on, making it one of Destiny's Child most successful single releases. The song was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo Or Group.

## Charts
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|}

## Credits and personnel 
* Lead vocals: Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams
* Vocal production - Beyoncé Knwoles, Sean Garrett, Kelly Rowland
* Recorded by Jeff Villanueva, Jim Caruna at Sony Music Studios, NYC
* Audio mixing - Tony Maserati
* Mastered by Tom Coyne
* Introduction by Michigan Marching Band Drumline (http://mmb.music.umich.edu/sections/drumline/sounds/Cadence_Series_2k2.mp3 )

## Formats and tracklistings 
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Lose My Breath".

* **Maxi CD single**
# "Lose My Breath" (Album Version)
# "Lose My Breath" (Maurice's Nu Soul Mix)
# "Lose My Breath" (Paul Johnson's Club Mix)
# "Why You Actin'"

* **US CD single**
# "Lose My Breath" (Album Version)
# "Game Over"

## Official versions 
* "Lose Me Breath" (Radio Mix)
* "Lose Me Breath" (Radio Mix 2)
* "Lose My Breath" (Instrumental)
* "Lose My Breath" (Acapella)
* "Lose My Breath" (Extended Mix)
* "Lose Me Breath" (Remix) (feat Khia & Chingy)
* "Lose Me Breath" (Remix) (feat Wise)
* "Lose My Breath" (Inhale...Breath Radio Remix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Exhale...Breath Club Remix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Burn The House Down Mix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Jones & Moss Main Radio Mix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Jones & Cabrera Vibelicious Bring Da House Edit)

* "Lose My Breath" (UK DJ 12" Demo)
* "Lose Me Breath" (Hex Hector Mixshow Edit)
* "Lose Me Breath" (Mac Quayle Dream Club Mix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Maurice's Nu Soul Remix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Paul Johnson Club Mix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Peter Rauhofer Breathless Mix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Peter Rauhofer Breathless Dub)
* "Lose My Breath" (MGM Mix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Seamus Haji Remix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Joe Smooth Strings Of Life Mix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Junior Vasquez Remix)
* "Lose My Breath" (Riley York vs Chris Cox Drum Revenge Mix)

## References
1995 Pacific hurricane season

The **1995 Pacific hurricane season** was the least active Pacific hurricane season since 1979. Of the eleven tropical cyclones that formed during the season, four affected land, with the most notable storm of the season being Hurricane Ismael, which killed at least 116 people in Mexico. The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette, which reached peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h).

The season officially started on May 15, 1995 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1995 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1995. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The season saw eleven tropical cyclones form, of which ten became tropical storms. Seven storms attained hurricane status, of which three acquired major hurricane status. The number of tropical storms was much less than the average of 16 storms, while the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes were slightly below average.

## References
## Other websites
* NHC 1995 Pacific hurricane season archive
* Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive
1972 Pacific hurricane season

The **1972 Pacific hurricane season** began on May 15, 1972 in the east Pacific, and on June 1, 1972 in the central Pacific. It ended on November 30, 1972. These dates conventionally delimit the period of time when tropical cyclones form in the east Pacific Ocean.

This season had a below average number of storms. There were twelve tropical cyclones. Of those, four were tropical storms, eight were hurricanes, and four were major hurricanes that reached Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. In the central Pacific, two tropical storms and two tropical depressions formed. One of the depressions and one of the storms crossed the dateline to become typhoons.

## Other websites
* Unisys Storm Tracks 
* CPHC Archive
Santa Cruz River

The **Santa Cruz River** is a river in southern Arizona, United States, and northern Sonora, Mexico. The Santa Cruz has its headwaters in the high intermontane grasslands of the San Rafael Valley to the east of Patagonia between the Canelo Hills to the east and the Patagonia Mountains to the west. It flows southward into Mexico and turns westward, and reenters the United States just to the east of Nogales. It then continues northward from the International border at Nogales past the Tumacacori National Historical Park, Tubac, Green Valley, Sahuarita, San Xavier del Bac, and Tucson to the Santa Cruz Flats just to the south of Casa Grande and the Gila River.

## Other websites 
* Santa Cruz River Project 
* San Rafael Ranch Natural Area and state park
Jens Pulver

**Jens Johnnie "Little Evil" Pulver** (born December 6, 1974 in Sunnyside, Washington) is an American mixed martial artist (MMA). He was the first  Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) lightweight champion, and was a coach on *The Ultimate Fighter 5* reality show, which aired on Spike TV. He is currently signed as a featherweight with World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC), which is owned by Zuffa (the parent company of the UFC).

## Other websites
*Jens Pulver official website 
*Video Interview about *The Ultimate Fighter 5* 
*May 2007 interview
Video CD

A **Video CD** or **VCD** is a CD that contains a movie instead of music or a computer program. It is the "little brother" of the DVD.

Since a DVD can store ten times as much information as a VCD, the quality of a VCD is not as high as that of a DVD, but a VCD is cheaper to make and was playable on devices that were there before the DVD. The quality of the picture is about as good as an analog television with a simple antenna, or a VHS tape.

## History 
VCD's were invented by Philips and Sony just like the CD, but then never became very popular in the Western world, which switched from VHS tapes directly to the DVD. However, in Asia and in other developing countries the VCD is popular, since a DVD player is also much more expensive than a VCD player, but not Australia.

## Uses 
A VCD movie is stored in the popular MPEG (.MPG) format, that is also often used to download movies from the internet. But if a VCD disk is put in a computer, there is a file with a .MPG after the name, and many other files. This is because the movie is actually in a file (or files) that has .DAT after the name. This file can be played with Windows Media Player (or any other player that can play a .MPG movie), one does not need special software because the file is actually just a .MPG movie with a .DAT end of the name instead of .MPG. There are also many programs that can play a VCD on a PC.

## References
Artibonite River

The **River Artibonite** (; ) is a river in the island of Hispaniola. It is 321&nbsp;km long (68&nbsp;km in the Dominican Republic, 253&nbsp;km in Haiti), the longest of the island and of Haiti.

## Name
The Taíno name of the river was **Hatibonico**. Peter Martyr d'Anghiera wrote that the name was *Attiboni* or *Attibonicus*. Some people said that the name was *Guayajayuco* but it is another river, tributary of the Artibonite.

## Course
The source of the Artibonite is to the northeast of Río Limpio, in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. The mouth of the Artibonite is in Haiti, south of La Grand Saline, at about . It flows into the Gulf of Gonâve.

The river is the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti for several kilometres, from the town of Pedro Santana to the point where it is joined by the River Macasías, and then turns west into Haiti.

Its watershed has an area of 9,013&nbsp;km2 (2,614&nbsp;km2 in the Dominican Republic, the rest in Haiti). Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 16.6 cubic metres per second at Pedro Santana.

## Tributaries
The most important tributaries are the rivers Libón, Macasías and Joca, all of them in the Dominican Republic. The Libón River is the only important tributary that flows into the right side of the Artibonite. but now they are found only in the big lakes of the island.

## Uses
The water of the river is used for irrigation in Haiti but not in the Dominican Republic because it flows here through high mountains. The Peligre Hydroelectric Dam was built on the Arbitonite; it produces electricity for Haiti.

## References
The Simpsons Halloween episodes

**Treehouse of Horror**, or **The Simpsons Halloween Specials**, is a seasonal special TV episode that is aired in every season (except the first one) where there are three different Halloween-based stories. Most of the time the episodes are about something really scary, unusual, or science-fictional event happening to the family. Since they have nothing to do with the real episodes, they are considered non-canonical (things that do not really happen).

Most of the time the family encounter horrible things like zombies, aliens, monsters, witches, or sometimes each other. Some episodes spoof horror or science-fiction films (most notably, shows from The Twilight Zone).

## Related pages
*List of The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror episodes

## Other websites
*Top 10 Treehouse of Horror Segments on IGN.com
*Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror #13 Comic Preview on ComicsAlliance.com
Irreemplazable

***Irreemplazable*** is a Spanish and Spanglish EP by female R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles. It was released on August 28, 2007 in US.  At the same time, a CD/DVD combo was released exclusively at Wal-mart. The DVD features behind the scenes documentary entitled *La Evolucion Latina de Beyoncé* (*The Latin Evolution of Beyoncé*) as well as the music video for Beyoncé's "Get Me Bodied" (Timbaland remix) featuring Voltio.

## Contents 
### EP 
# "Amor Gitano"  (featuring  Alejandro Fernández) 3:47
# "Oye" ("Listen" Spanish Version) 3:40
# "Irreemplazable" ("Irreplaceable" Spanish version) 3:47
# "Bello Embustero" ("Beautiful Liar" Spanish Version) 3:20
# "Beautiful Liar" (Remix featuring Shakira) 3:01
# "Beautiful Liar" (Spanglish Version featuring Sasha a.k.a. Beyoncé) 3:19
# "Irreemplazable" (Nortena Remix) 3:52
# "Get Me Bodied" (Timbaland Remix featuring Voltio) 6:12
### DVD 
*Behind The Scenes Footage
:**Beyoncé en Español**:
:"La Evolución Latina de Beyoncé" (Beyoncé's Latin Evolution)
*Music Video
:"Get Me Bodied" (Timbaland Remix) featuring Voltio

## References