open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Roberto Perfumo

**Roberto Alfredo Perfumo** (3 October 1942 – 10 March 2016) was an Argentine footballer and sports commentator. He was nicknamed *El Mariscal*. He was thought as one of the best Argentine defenders ever."Murió Roberto Perfumo, leyenda del fútbol argentino" , Rosario3.com Perfumo played for Racing, River Plate and Brazilian team Cruzeiro. With the national team, he played the 1966 and 1974 World Cups.

Perfumo died at 73 from a skull injury after falling from a stairway in Buenos Aires on 10 March 2016.

## References
Aldo Ferrer

**Aldo Ferrer** (April 15, 1927 – March 8, 2016) was an Argentine economist and policy maker. Ferrer was one of the leading figures of economic nationalism in Argentina. He served as Minister of Economy from 1970 through 1971. He later served as an ambassador to France from Argentine. He served as ambassador from 2011 through 2013. He was born in Buenos Aires.

Ferrer died in Buenos Aires on March 8, 2016. He was aged 88.

## References
Article Seven of the United States Constitution

**Article Seven of the United States Constitution** explains what needs to happen for the Constitution to be approved.  It says that nine states need to ratify the Constitution before it takes effect.  To ratify the Constitution, a special group in each state called a  would have to approve the Constitution.

## Text
In Simple English, this means: The approval of nine states' Conventions will be enough to make this Constitution official in those states.  

## Background
Before the United States Constitution was passed, the United States had another constitution called the Articles of Confederation.

After a few years, the Founding Fathers decided the United States needed a new constitution and a new form of government.  They formed a group called the Constitutional Convention to write a new constitution.

The Congress debated a lot about the Constitution.  Members of Congress did not agree on whether Congress should support the new Constitution or not.  On September 28, the Congress came to a compromise.  Before that day, Virginia and New York ratified the Constitution.  However, when the first United States Congress gathered on March 4 to form the new government, North Carolina and Rhode Island still had not approved the Constitution.  After the new Congress added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution, though, North Carolina and Rhode Island ratified the Constitution.

### Order of approval
The Constitution was ratified by the states in this order:

## References
## Other websites
* Interactive website about the ratification of the Constitution (from TeachingAmericanHistory.org)
Alfred E. Senn

**Alfred Erich Senn** (April 12, 1932 – March 8, 2016) was an American professor of history. He worked at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Senn was born in Madison, Wisconsin. Senn was the author of eight books. He taught about the history of Lithuania.

Senn died in Madison, Wisconsin at the age of 83.

## References
## Other websites
*Alfred Erich Senn  – short bio
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Ratified on August 18, 1920, **Nineteenth Amendment** (**Amendment XIX**) to the United States Constitution granted American women the right to vote. The amendment marked the end of a long  for women in the United States that began in the mid-nineteenth century. Women's suffrage challenged that concept. The Nineteenth Amendment overturned an earlier decision by the United States Supreme Court in *Minor v. Happersett*. The Court held that the right to vote, guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to all citizens of the United States, did not apply to women.  

## Text 
## Background 
In Colonial America, women had fixed gender roles they learned from their mothers. Growing up, a woman was legally subordinate to her father.  In addition, the custom was also used to ban women from professional jobs, higher education, voting, serving on juries and  in court. Susan B. Anthony, along with other activists, joined Mott and Stanton in forming organizations that demanded the right to vote. Many of the early organizers never lived to see the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment some 70 years later. The Supreme Court case of *Leser v. Garnett* (1922), while not intended to do so, established this right. They argued first, that the amendment was  because it increased the electorate without the state of Maryland's consent. They argued secondly that ratification was based on several states that denied women the right to vote in their state constitutions and therefore their legislatures did not have the right to ratify the amendment. The third argument was that the last two states to ratify the amendment, Tennessee and West Virginia, violated their own rules of procedure.

In a  decision, the court rejected all three arguments. The first argument is invalid because wording was almost the same as the Fifteenth Amendment. Each used the same method of adoption so one cannot be valid and the other invalid. The second argument, that certain state legislatures did not have the power to ratify based on their own constitutions, is rejected because they were ratifying an amendment to the federal Constitution, and so is a federal function. The Court ruled the third argument a  because two other states after Tennessee and West Virginia (Connecticut and Vermont) who followed their own procedures would have been enough to ratify the amendment. But in addressing the substance of the argument, the Court went on to point out that the Secretaries of State of Tennessee and West Virginia each accepted the ratification by the legislatures making the ratification by those two states valid. The Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote but *Lesser* made it certain the right could be used even in states where the state constitution did not allow it.

## Notes 
## References 
## Other websites 
* 19th Amendment: How far have women in politics come since 1920?
* The Power of the 19th Amendment, Then and Now
Bill Wade

in 1959]]
**William James "Bill" Wade** (October 4, 1930 &ndash; March 9, 2016) was an American football quarterback. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL). He was thought as one of the greatest athletes in Nashville and Vanderbilt University history.

Wade was a member of the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame. He was best known for being the starting quarterback on the Chicago Bears' 1963 NFL championship team. He also played for the Los Angeles Rams.

Wade died in Nashville, Tennessee on March 9, 2016. He was aged 85.

## References
József Verebes

**József Verebes** (23 March 1941 – 13 March 2016) was a Hungarian football manager and player. He was born in Budapest. Verebes played for Ferencvárosi TC from 1961 through 1962. He managed the Hungary national football team in 1987.

On 15 October 2010, Verebes became the coach of Nagytétény SE, competing in the Budapest championship. Verebes became the advisor of his former club Rába ETO in 2011.

Verebes died in Budapest from complications of a stroke at the age of 74.

## References
Rafiq Azad

**Rafiq Azad** (born **Rafiqul Islam Khan**; February 14, 1942 – March 12, 2016) was a Bangladeshi poet, editor and writer. He was born in Tangail. He wrote over 45 collections of poetry including *Prakriti O Premer Kabita, Asambhaber Paye, Sahasra Sundar, Haturir Nichae Jiban, Khub Beshi Durea Noy, Khamakaro Bahaman Hey Udar Amiyo Batas* and others. He was a freedom fighter during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. Azad was called as one of the most important young poets in the post-Liberation War period.

Azad died in Dhaka, Bangladesh from a stroke on March 12, 2016. He was aged 74.

## References
Martin Olav Sabo

**Martin Olav Sabo** (February 28, 1938 – March 13, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL). He served as a United States Representative for , which includes Minneapolis. He served as a representative from 1979 through 2007. 

Sabo was born in Crosby, North Dakota. He studied at Augsburg College. Sabo died in Minneapolis, Minnesota from respiratory failure, aged 78.

## References
## Other websites
*Minnesota Legislators Past and Present

*Martin Sabo legislative and congressional papers are available for research at the Minnesota Historical Society
Iolanda Balaș

**Iolanda Balaș** (, , later *Balázs-Sőtér Jolán*; 12 December 1936 – 11 March 2016) was a Romanian Olympic athlete. She was a champion and former world record holder in the women's high jump. She was the first Romanian woman to win an Olympic gold medal and is considered to have been one of the greatest high jumpers of the twentieth century.

Balaș was diagnosed several years ago with type II diabetes. She died in Bucharest, Romania from complications from a gastric disorder, at the age of 79.

## References
Bill Gadsby

**William Alexander Gadsby** (August 8, 1927 – March 10, 2016) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Chicago Black Hawks, New York Rangers, and Detroit Red Wings in the National Hockey League. He was born in Calgary, Alberta.

Gadsby died in Farmington Hills, Michigan on March 10, 2016. He was aged 88.

## References
Claude Estier

**Claude Estier** (8 June 1925 – 10 March 2016), born Claude Hasday Ezratty, was a French politician and journalist. He was deputy of Paris in 1967-1968 and again in 1981-1986. He was then Senator from 1986 to 2004 and was President of the Socialist group in the Senate from 1988 to 2004. In 1955 he joined the political redaction of Le Monde. He quit in 1958.

## Note
## References
Louis Meyers

**Louis Jay Meyers** (June 21, 1955 – March 11, 2016) was an American festival organizer and co-founder of South By Southwest. He was born in Austin, Texas. Meyers was the event’s primary music booker until he sold his share in the event after the 1994 conference. Meyers was also an multi-instrumentalist and producer.

Meyers was admitted to a hospital in Austin on March 10, 2016 and initially was diagnosed with blood clots. He then died of a suspected heart attack the next day at his home. He was aged 60.

## References
Gogi Grant

**Myrtle Audrey Arinsberg** (September 20, 1924 – March 10, 2016), known as **Gogi Grant**, was an American popular singer. She was best known for her No. 1 hit in 1956, "The Wayward Wind". She was voted the most popular female vocalist by *Billboard* magazine. This single returned to the *Billboard* Hot 100 in 1961. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Grant died on March 10, 2016 in Philadelphia, aged 91. Her death was announced by her son, Joshua Beckett. She also had a daughter, Jeri Brown.

## References
Jovito Salonga

**Jovito "Jovy" Reyes Salonga** (June 22, 1920 – March 10, 2016) was a Filipino statesman and lawyer. He was known as a leading opposition leader during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos. He served as the opposition leader from 1972 until the People Power Revolution in 1986, which removed Marcos from power. Salonga was the 14th President of the Senate of the Philippines serving from 1987 to 1992.

Salonga died in March 10, 2016 from cardiac arrest in Quezon City. He was aged 95.

## References
Ernestine Anderson

**Ernestine Anderson** (November 11, 1928 – March 10, 2016) was an American jazz and blues singer. She recorded over 30 albums. She was nominated four times for a Grammy Award. 

She sung at Carnegie Hall, the Kennedy Center, the Monterey Jazz Festival (six times over a 33-year span), as well as at jazz festivals all over the world. In the early 1990s she joined Qwest Records, the label of fellow Garfield High School grad Quincy Jones. Her career lasted for 60 years. Anderson was born in Houston, Texas.

Anderson died in her sleep in Seattle, Washington on March 10, 2016. She was aged 87.

## References
Dragan Nikolić

**Dragoslav "Dragan" Nikolić** (; 20 August 1943 – 11 March 2016) was a Serbian actor. He was born in Belgrade. In 1967 he starred in the movie *Kad budem mrtav i beo*. Nikolić has since appeared in many movies of different genres. He was one of the most well-known actors in Serbian cinema. 

In 2000, he received the "Pavle Vuisić" Award for his lifework. From 2011 to 2013, he was the television host on the Serbian edition of quiz *Millionaire*.

Nikolić died in Belgrade from cancer at the age of 72.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rómulo Macció

**Romulo Macció** (1931 – 11 March 2016) was an Argentine painter. He worked with the local avant-garde art movement which took shape during the 1960s. He was born in Buenos Aires. 

Macció described much of the genteel portrait and landscape art available at that time as "pink chocolate." He was awarded the De Ridder Prize in 1959 and the Torcuato di Tella Institute International Prize in 1962. He helped create the Neo-figurative movement that swept Latin American art during the 1960s. 

Macció died in Buenos Aires on 11 March 2016. He was aged 84.

## References
## Other websites
*Artnet
*The Legacy Project
Lawrence Van Gelder

**Lawrence Van Gelder** (February 17, 1933 – March 11, 2016) was an American journalist and instructor. He has worked at several different New York City-based newspapers in his long career. He was born in New York City.

Until 2010, he was senior editor of the Arts and Leisure weekly section of *The New York Times* as well as a movie critic.  Among the newspapers for which Van Gelder has worked are the *New York Daily Mirror*, the *New York Journal-American* and the *World-Journal-Tribune*.

Gelder died of leiomyosarcoma (soft muscle cancer) on March 11, 2016, aged 83.

## References
Aphelion (disambiguation)

**Aphelion** might mean:

* Aphelion, is the farthest point from the sun in an heliocentric orbit of a celestial body
* *Aphelion* (software) (or *Aphelion Imaging Sofware Suite*), software for image processing and analysis
Fairey Hendon

The **Fairey Hendon** is the first British bomber built in metal. It was designed for night flight. It was used only by the RAF.

## Variants 
* Hendon Mk-I, prototype, only one built.
* Hendon Mk-II, serie variant, 14 built.
Yellow-bellied glider

The **yellow-bellied glider** (*Petaurus australis*) is an arboreal and nocturnal gliding possum. It lives in the native eucalypt forests right down eastern Australia, from northern Queensland to Victoria.

## Habitat
The yellow-bellied glider lives in forests and woodlands in eastern Australia and is found at a range of altitudes from sea level to 1400 metres.

In North Queensland, the sub-species lives at over 700&nbsp;m above sea level. There are 13 different populations in three places where this glider lives in North Queensland. One population lives on Mount Windsor Tableland, another on Mount Carbine Tableland, and the third lives in a linear habitat from Atherton to Kirrama on the Atherton Tableland. These three populations together have about 6000 individual gliders. A recording of the distinctive call can be heard at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnzGlC0Pmfo

It eats nectar, honeydew, insects, pollen and a wide spread of tree sap. 

## References
South Gyeongsang Province

**South Gyeongsang** is a province in South Korea. It has cities including its capital Changwon, Gimhae, and Sangju. South Gyeongsang's governor is Park Wan-su.

## History
In 1895, Gyeongsang-do divided. In the south, the west was called Jinju, and the east Dongnae. In 1896, Jinju and Dongnae joined, making Gyeongsangnam-do. In 1896 the provincial capital was Jinju, but it changed to Busan in 1925. In 1963, Busan separated, so in 1983 the provincial capital moved to Changwon. Ulsan separated in 1997.

## Geography
South Gyeongsang's area is 10531.1km². It occupies 10.6% of South Korea's whole area. South Gyeongsang's area is the fourth largest of the 16 cities and provinces.

## Population
South Gyeongsang's population is 3,364,695 and the population density is 307/km².

## District
There are 8 cities and 10 counties in South Gyeongsang.

## Other websites
*http://www.gyeongnam.go.kr/jsp/main/main.jsp
David S. Johnson

**David Stifler Johnson** (December 9, 1945 – March 8, 2016) was an American computer scientist. He was known for his works in algorithms and optimization. He was the head of the Algorithms and Optimization Department of AT&T Labs Research from 1988 to 2013. He was a visiting professor at Columbia University from 2014 to 2016.

Johnson died on March 8, 2016 at the age of 70.

## References
North American Aviation A3J Vigilante

The **North American Aviation A3J Vigilante** is an American reconnaissance and attack aircraft. It served with US Navy onto aircraft carrier. After September 1962 **A3J Vigilante** began **A-5 Vigilante**.
Article Six of the United States Constitution

**Article Six of the United States Constitution** says that the Constitution, and any laws or treaties the United States might make, will be the most important laws in the United States.  It also says that the United States will pay debts from before the Constitution was written.  Finally, it says that members of the United States government have to swear that they will obey the Constitution.  However, they will never have to swear that they follow a certain religion.

## Text
## Debts
Before the United States Constitution was written, the United States had another constitution called the Articles of Confederation.  The Articles made the states into a .

The first part of Article Six says that the United States will still honor and pay all of its debts from before the Constitution was written.

In ''Martin v. Hunter's Lessee* (1816), the United States Supreme Court ruled that it was more powerful than the state Supreme Courts.  In the case, the Virginia Supreme Court said that a United States Supreme Court decision was unconstitutional, and told all of the Virginia state courts not to obey it.  The United States Supreme Court ruled that it had the final say in legal issues that had to do with federal laws  not the state courts.  If a state court and the United States Supreme Court disagree, the Supreme Court is the supreme law of the land.  Supreme Court Justice John Marshall wrote: 

Finally, in *Reid v. Covert'' (1957), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that no branch of the United States government can be given extra powers by a treaty, if those powers were not given to it by the Constitution.

This clause says that people have to swear to support the Constitution if they are:  This raised the question of whether Americans  not their government  were requiring a "religious test" for their President.  Would they require that a President be a Protestant in order to get elected? 

On September 12, 1960, Kennedy talked about this issue directly in his :

Kennedy won the election.

## Related pages
* Separation of church and state
* Judicial review

## References
Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Ratified on January 23, 1933, the **Twentieth Amendment** (**Amendment XX**) to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president from March 4 to January 20. It moved the start and end dates for members of Congress from March 1 to January 21. In both cases the start and end time is at noon. It also gives the procedure to follow if for some reason there is no president-elect. To cross the Atlantic Ocean could take several weeks. The Post Office had been using airmail since 1918. But vastly improved travel times and communications were not the only reasons behind the Twentieth Amendment. The joint resolution calling for the amendment was sponsored by Republican Senator George William Norris of Nebraska. Called the "Lame Duck" Amendment, it acquired this name because Norris wanted to eliminate the lame-duck sessions of Congress where outgoing members still held office and voted on bills for several months before the new members could be sworn in. It provides for the vice-president elect to become the president-elect and take office on January 20. Originally the term "lame duck" was a financial term meaning those who could not repay a loan. As used in politics, a representative who lost an election was no longer accountable to the voters. As the framers of the Twentieth Amendment saw it, lame duck representatives should not be able to vote since voters had already rejected their views. The Twentieth Amendment only shortened the lame duck period by six weeks. Between 1933 and 2012, 18 lame-duck sessions of Congress have passed laws. 

## Notes 
## References 
* The Constitution and the Inauguration of the President
* Twentieth Amendment: Limiting Lame Duck Mischief
Suranimala Rajapaksha

**Jayasinghe Rajapakse Mohottige Don Suranimala Rajapaksha** (Sinhala:සුරනිමල රාජපක්ෂ) (5 January 1949 &ndash; 14 March 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was first elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka in 1994. He was the Minister of School Education in Republic Socialist of Sri Lanka in 2001 to 2004. He was a member of the United National Party (UNP) and a member of UNP Working Committee. He was appointed as the Coordinating secretary to the Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe on 27 January 2015.

Rajapaksha died on 14 March 2016 at a hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka from renal failure. He was aged 67.

## References
Noura Ghazi

**Noura Ghazi** (نورة غازي) also **Noura Ghazi al-Safadi** ( نورة غازي الصفدي ) was born September 30 1981 in Damascus, Syria.  She is a Syrian lawyer.  Her husband, Bassel disappeared in Syria in 2014.

## Life 
Ghazi's father was an activist for workers. When Ghazi was five years old, her father was sent to prison by the Supreme Court of State Security. Noura Ghazi studied law at Damascus University. She defends people who are in jail because they are prisoners of conscience in Syria.

Ghazi's husband Bassel Khartabil (Arabic: باسل خرطبيل), or Bassel Safadi (Arabic: باسل صفدي), a Syrian-Palestinian who wrote open-source software, was arrested on March 15, 2012. They were married at Adra prison on January 7, 2013.

While Bassel was in prison, from 2012-2015, Ghazi wrote a book about him called *Waiting*.  Bassel translated the book into English.

## References 
## Other websites 
*  
* "Read the story of Bassel Khartabil, Syrian prisoner who lives and risks dying for a free Internet" on Creative Commons
* 
*
Doreen Massey

**Doreen Barbara Massey** FRSA FBA FAcSS (3 January 1944 – 11 March 2016) was a British social scientist and geographer. She was working among others on topics involving Marxist geography, feminist geography, and cultural geography.  Her work on space, place and power has been highly helpful within a range of related disciplines and research fields.  She served as Emeritus Professor of Geography at the Open University.

Massey died on 11 March 2016 from pancreatic cancer. She was aged 72.

## References
## Other websites
*Profile at Open University
*Open University Radio transcript and mp3 file
Hilary Putnam

**Hilary Whitehall Putnam** (July 31, 1926 – March 13, 2016) was an American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist. He was a central figure in analytic philosophy from the 1960s. He worked in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy of science. Until his death, Putnam was Cogan University Professor Emeritus at Harvard University.

Putnam was born in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Harvard University, at University of Pennsylvania and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Putnam died on March 13, 2016 from mesothelioma at his home in Boston, Massachusetts. He was aged 89.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* An extensive bibliography
* An extensive directory 
* *London Review of Books* contributor page
* Hilary Putnam: On Mind, Meaning and Reality , Interview by Josh Harlan, *The Harvard Review of Philosophy*, spring 1992.
* "To Think with Integrity" , Hilary Putnam's Farewell Lecture, *The Harvard Review of Philosophy*, Spring 2000.
Davy Walsh

**David Joseph Walsh** (28 April 1923 – 14 March 2016), commonly referred to as  **Davy Walsh** or **Dave Walsh**, was an Irish footballer. He was born in Waterford, Ireland.

He played as a centre forward for, among others, Linfield, West Bromwich Albion and Aston Villa. Walsh was a dual international. He played for both Ireland teams – the FAI XI and the IFA XI. 

In 1949, he was a member of the FAI XI that defeated England 2–0 at Goodison Park, becoming the first team to beat England at home.

Walsh died on 14 March 2016 from pneumonia in Dublin, Ireland. He was aged 92.

## References
## Other websites
*Northern Ireland’s Footballing Greats
Sergio Arellano Stark

**Sergio Arellano Stark** (10 June 1921 – 9 March 2016) was a Chilean military officer. He led the so-called “Caravan of Death". It killed many Chileans from helicopters and established Augusto Pinochet’s hold on power. He was born in Santiago, Chile.

Stark died in Santiago, Chile on 9 March 2016 from complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was aged 94.

## References
Martha Wright

**Martha Wright**, born **Martha Lucile Wiederrecht** (March 23, 1923 – March 1, 2016), was an American actress and singer. She performed on Broadway and on television. She was in *South Pacific* and *The Sound of Music*. 

Wright died at the age of 92 in Newburyport, Massachusetts on March 1, 2016.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
*Broadway At Its Best!: Martha Wright (archived version)
Thomas G. Morris

**Thomas Gayle Morris** (August 20, 1919 &ndash; March 4, 2016) was an American politician. He was born in Eastland County, Texas. Morris served in the New Mexico House of Representatives from 1953 to 1958. He was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1958. Morris began serving on January 3, 1959, and left office January 3, 1969, after being defeated for re-election.

Morris died in Amarillo, Texas on March 4, 2016 at the age of 96.

## References
2016 Saxony-Anhalt state election

The **Saxony-Anhalt state election** was held on 13 March 2016 in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt for the next composition of the Parliament of Saxony-Anhalt. The incumbent Governor is Reiner Haseloff of the CDU, governing with the SPD.

## Results
*30 CDU MPs were elected (down 12) - 29.8%
*24 AfD MPs were elected (up 24) - 24.2%
*17 The Left MPs were elected (down 9) - 16.3%
*11 SPD MPs were elected (down 17) - 10.6%
*5 Green MPs were elected (down 4) - 5.2%

## Post-election
The only realistic possibility would be a coalition government of the CDU, SPD and the Greens. Together, they would have a 2-seat majority . Other combinations (such as the CDU and The Left or CDU and AfD) are highly unlikely. The stark differences among the parties will make it harder for negotiations to create a coalition.

## Polls before the election
The reference for the polls is wahlrecht.de.

## References
## Other websites
*Saxony-Anhalt Electoral Office
Morgan F. Murphy

**Morgan Francis Murphy** (April 16, 1932 – March 4, 2016) was an American politician. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives representing Illinois's 2nd district. He served from 1973 through 1981. He replaced Abner J. Mikva. He later served as a U.S. representative for Illinois's 3rd district. He served from 1971 through 1973.

Murphy died in Chicago, Illinois from prostate cancer on March 4, 2016. He was aged 83.

## References
Thelma Aldana

**Thelma Aldana** or **Thelma Esperanza Aldana Hernández de López** (born September 27, 1955), is a Guatemalan lawyer. She became a judge in the Supreme Court in 2009. She was elected president of the Supreme Court from 2011 to 2011. In 2013 she replaced Claudia Paz y Paz as Guatemala’s attorney general.

## Work 
Aldana graduated from the University of San Carlos in Guatemala. She has a Master's degree in Civil and Procedural law (the different types of law).

### Courts for violence against women 
In 2011, when she was president of the Supreme Court, Aldana started special courts in Guatemala for femicide cases. Killing women, and violence against women became a crime in Guatemala. Eleven districts now have the special courts. Judges and police officers receive special gender crime training. Every year there are 56,000 reports of violence against women.

### Against corruption 
In 2015 Aldana led an investigation into government corruption. As a result, the president of Guatemala resigned.

## Awards 
* In 2015 Aldana won the Jaime Brunet Prize for the Promotion of Human Rights from the Public University of Navarra. the prize was for her work for women's rights, against gender violence, and for the rights of the indigenous peoples, as well as against political corruption. The prize was for 36,000 euros.
* In 2016, Aldana received the International Women of Courage Award

## Other websites 
* 2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
* Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

## References
San Francisco (disambiguation)

**San Francisco** is a combined city/county in the U.S. state of California.

**San Francisco** may also refer to:

## Related to San Francisco, California 
* San Francisco Bay
* San Francisco Bay Area, the metropolitan area
* San Francisco Peninsula, the peninsula where the city is located
* University of San Francisco, a Jesuit university located in the city
* San Francisco Giants, the professional baseball team which plays in the city
* San Francisco 49ers, the professional American football team which plays in Santa Clara, but retains the name San Francisco, having played in the city from 1946 to 2013

## Place names 
;Chile
* San Francisco de Mostazal, Chile

;Dominican Republic
* San Francisco de Macorís

;Ecuador
* San Francisco de Quito, formal name of the capital city

## Related pages 
* São Francisco (disambiguation), the Portuguese equivalent of San Francisco
Legal opinion

In law, a **legal opinion** is usually a written explanation by a judge or group of judges that accompanies an order or ruling in a case. Legal opinions  may also be written by legal experts. Published opinions of courts are also collectively referred to as case law, which is one of the major sources of law in common law legal systems.

## References
Dissenting opinion

A **dissenting opinion** (or **dissent**) is an opinion in a legal case. It is written by one or more judges expressing disagreement with the majority opinion of the court. In some cases, they simply declare a disagreement with the majority opinion. In other cases they may be used to instruct, prod, or otherwise try to convince other justices of the point of view expressed by the minority.

When not necessarily referring to a legal decision, this can also be referred to as a **minority report**.

Dissenting opinions are normally written at the same time as the majority opinion and any concurring opinions. They are also delivered and published at the same time.  A dissenting opinion does not create binding precedent nor does it become a part of case law. However, they can sometimes be cited as a form of persuasive authority in subsequent cases when arguing that the court's holding should be limited or overturned. In some cases, a previous dissent is used to spur a change in the law. A later case may result in a majority opinion adopting a particular rule of law formerly advocated in dissent.  As with concurring opinions, the difference in opinion between dissents and majority opinions can often highlight the precise holding of the majority opinion. Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes stated in 1936: "A dissent in a Court of last resort is an appeal".

The dissent may disagree with the majority for any number of reasons: a different interpretation of the existing case law, the application of different principles, or a different interpretation of the facts. 

## References
Memorandum opinion

In law, a **memorandum opinion** is usually an unpublished legal opinion that cannot be cited as precedent.  It is formally defined as: "[1] unanimous appellate opinion that succinctly states the decision of the court; an opinion that briefly reports the court's conclusion, usu. without elaboration because the decision follows a well-established legal principle or does not relate to any point of law."  There is no  or explanation because the decision either follows a well-known legal principle or it does not relate to a point of law.

## References
Seriatim

In law, ***seriatim*** (Latin for "in series") indicates that a court is addressing multiple issues in a certain order, such as the order that the issues were originally presented to the court.

## Legal usage 
A **seriatim opinion** describes an opinion delivered by a court with multiple judges, in which each judge reads his or her own opinion rather than a single judge writing an opinion on behalf of the entire court. This is a practice generally used when a legal case does not have a majority opinion.

Use of the word, and other Latin phrases, has become less frequent in legal communications as a result of, among other factors, efforts by groups such as the Plain Language Movement to promote the use of "plain English" in legal .

### In the United Kingdom 
In modern use pleadings is used for "one by one in sequence".  For example, in English civil cases, defence statements generally used to conclude with the phrase "save as expressly admitted herein, each allegation of the plaintiffs is denied as if set out in full and traversed herein *seriatim*." This formulation is now discouraged under the English Civil Procedure Rules, especially rule 16.5 (3)-(5).

It is sometimes seen in older deeds and contracts as a more traditional way of using terms of reference.  For example "the railway by-laws shall apply to the contract as if set out herein *seriatim*." It is sometimes found as part of the longer phrase *brevatim et seriatim*, meaning "briefly and in series".

The term is also used when replying to a communication that contains a number of points, issues or questions to show that the responses are in the same order in which they were raised in the original document: "To deal with your queries seriatim..."

### In the United States 
During the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Marshall, 1801 to 1835, the practice of judicial opinions being delivered in seriatim was discontinued.

In 2009, Title III, Rule 15(a)(1) of the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure regarding Amended and Supplemental Pleadings (part of pretrial procedure) was amended to allow three changes in the time previously allowed to make one change. 
This provision will force the pleader to consider carefully and promptly the wisdom of amending to meet the arguments in the motion... and will expedite determination of issues that otherwise might be raised *seriatim*.
The right to make changes now ends 21 days after service of a motion.

## References
Anita Brookner

**Anita Brookner**, CBE (16 July 1928 – 10 March 2016) was a British award-winning novelist and art historian. She was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge from 1967 to 1968. She was the first woman to hold this visiting professorship. She was awarded the 1984 Man Booker Prize for her novel *Hotel du Lac*.

## References
## Other websites
*Anita Brookner Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
*
John W. Cahn

**John Werner Cahn** (January 9, 1928 &ndash; March 14, 2016) was an American scientist and recipient of the 1998 National Medal of Science. 

He was a professor in the department of Materials Science at MIT from 1964 to 1978. Since 1977, he has held a position at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards, NBS).Cahn has applied the basic laws of thermodynamics to describe and predict a wide range of physical phenomena.

## References
Per curiam decision

In law, a '''*per curiam* decision** (or **opinion'*) is a ruling issued by an appellate court in which the decision rendered is made by the court (or at least, a majority of the court) acting collectively and unanimously. In contrast to regular opinions, a *per curiam* does not list the individual judge responsible for authoring the decision,

## United States
### Federal
The decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court are usually not *per curiam*. Their decisions more commonly take the form of one or more opinions signed by individual justices which are then joined in by other justices. there were multiple concurrences and dissents.

### State
The Supreme Court of California occasionally releases decisions in the name of "The Court". But these are not necessarily unanimous.  Sometimes an opinion in the name of the Court may be accompanied by extensive concurring and dissenting opinions.

## Canada
The Supreme Court of Canada also s some decisions to "The Court" but does not use the phrase *per curiam''. In the U.S. the term is used primarily for uncontroversial cases. In Canada, however, it has been used for important and controversial cases to emphasize that the entire Court is speaking with a single voice.

## Notes 
## References
Judicial opinion

A **judicial opinion** is a form of legal opinion written by a judge or a  of judges explaining how they resolved a legal dispute. It cites the decision reached to  the dispute. A judicial opinion usually includes the reasons behind the decision.

## Kinds of judicial opinions
* A majority opinion is a judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court.  A majority opinion sets becomes the decision of the court in a particular case.

* A concurring opinion is written to agree with a decision, but for giving different reasons for the agreement. When it is joined by the greatest number of judges, it is referred to as the plurality opinion.

* A dissenting opinion (or dissent) is an opinion written by one or more judges expressing disagreement with the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion does not create binding precedent nor does it become a part of case law. 

## References
Asa Briggs

**Asa Briggs, Baron Briggs** (7 May 1921 – 15 March 2016) was an English historian. He was a leading specialist on the Victorian era. He was a well-known historian of broadcasting in Britain. He was made a life peer in 1976. Briggs was born in Keighley, West Riding of Yorkshire.

Briggs died in Lewes, East Sussex on 15 March 2016. He was aged 94.

## References
Pharisees

**Pharisees** were Jewish leaders who composed and enforced religious law, sometimes hypocritically, at a certain period in Jewish history. At times, the Pharisees were a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, Pharisaic beliefs became the foundation for Rabbinic Judaism. The term 'Judaism' today almost always refers to Rabbinic Judaism.

Paul of Tarsus, disciple of Jesus, was a Pharisee before he became a Christian.

## Other websites 
*Pharisees: Oxford Quick Reference
*Jewish Encyclopedia: Pharisees
Tamara Grigsby

**Tamara D. Grigsby** (November 19, 1974 – March 15, 2016) was an American social worker. She was a university professor from Wisconsin. She served as a Democratic Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 18th Assembly District, from 2005 until 2013.

Grigby's staff announced on December 22, 2011 that she was hospitalized in intensive care, battling cancer. In April 2012, Grigsby announced she would be retiring from the Assembly to recover her strength.
Her death was announced on March 15, 2016.

## References
Seru Rabeni

**Ratu Seru Raveive Rabeni** (27 December 1978 – 15 March 2016) was a Fijian rugby union player. He played as a centre or wing. He played for the Fiji national rugby union team from 2000 through 2011. Rabeni was known in both club and international level for his physicality and bone crunching tackles, earning him the nickname "Rambo".

Rabeni died in Fiji from a heart attack on 15 March 2016, aged 37.

## References
## Other websites
* Leeds profile 
* Tigers profile
* Fiji profile 
* Pacific Islanders profile 
* Scrum profile
Armenian calendar

The **Armenian calendar** was the main calendar used in Armenia during the medieval period.  The year in this calendar is exactly 365 days long, divided into twelve months of thirty days each, plus five extra days that are called "*aveleacʿ*" in the Armenian language, which are not a part of any month.  The first year in the Armenian calendar is equal to the year 552 AD in the Gregorian calendar.  This calendar was mainly used in the medieval era, but is also used in modern times by some Armenian nationalists.

This calendar has no leap days. For that reason, it shifts backwards against the Gregorian calendar over a period of 1,461 years.

## Months 
The twelve months in the calendar have different names to the months usually used in English.
Earline W. Parmon

**Earline W. Parmon** (Nonember 18, 1943 &ndash; March 15, 2016) was an American Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly. She represented the state's seventy-second House district

Parmon has served five terms in the state House. She announced in 2012 that she would run for a seat in the North Carolina Senate. Parmon served in the North Carolina State Senate and resigned in 2015. Parmon also served as Forsyth County, North Carolina commissioner.

Parmon died on March 15, 2016 from a short-illness in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She was aged 72.

## References
Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries

This article will show the current results of the **2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries**. The Democratic Party presidential primary is a process of choosing delegates, or people that represent someone, to go to the 2016 Democratic National Convention. People in each state will vote on who they think will be good for the presidency, and each candidate gets a certain amount of delegates based on the number of votes they receive.
The primaries began on 1 February 2016 in Iowa. The remaining candidates are former first lady and secretary of state and senator Hillary Clinton and senator Bernie Sanders.

On June 6, 2016, the Associated Press reported that senator Hillary Clinton has gotten enough delegates to become the presumptive Democratic nominee. However, their count includes some superdelegates. Since superdelegates can vote however they want at the Democratic convention, their votes could change at any time before then, so it is possible (but only remotely possible) that Clinton will not get the nomination. Bernie Sanders endorsed Clinton on 12 July 2016.

## Main candidates 
* Hillary Clinton – 67th United States Secretary of State (2009 to 2013), First Lady of the United States (1993 to 2001) and New York senator (2001 to 2009).
* Bernie Sanders – Vermont senator (2007 to present) and representative (1991 to 2007).

### Dropped out during primaries 
* Martin O'Malley – Maryland governor (2007 to 2015) and Baltimore mayor (1999 to 2007).

### Dropped out before primaries 
* Jim Webb – Virginia senator (2007 to 2013) and Secretary of the Navy (1987 to 1988).
* Lincoln Chafee – Rhode Island governor (2011 to 2015), senator (1999 to 2007) and Warwick mayor (1993 to 1999)
* Lawrence Lessig – professor

## Results 
All delegate total are approximate.

* The delegate count that is under the popular vote percentage is estimated. If you add all the delegates listed, you may get a result that is a little bit off from the total at the top of the table. It also only shows pledged delegates, and not super delegates.

## Related pages 
* Results of the Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

## References
Sylvia Anderson

**Sylvia Anderson** (27 March 1927 – 16 March 2016) was a British producer and actress. She was born in London, England, United Kingdom.  She was known for voicing Lady Penelope in *Thunderbirds*.

She was married to producer Gerry Anderson from 1960 until they divorced in 1981. They had a daughter and son.

On March 16, 2016, Anderson died of a short illness in her home in Bray, Berkshire at age 88.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Kim Philby

**Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby** (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a British intelligence officer who worked as a spy for the Soviet Union, before defecting in 1963.  

Philby began his work for the Soviet Union as a spy in 1934. He went on to serve the KGB for 54 years. He passed over 900 British documents to the KGB. He served as a double agent.  

Of the five spies in the Cambridge Five spy ring, Philby was believed to have been the most successful at passing information to the Soviet Union.

In 1961, defector Anatoliy Golitsyn gave information which pointed to Philby. An MI6 officer,  Nicholas Elliott, was sent in 1963 to interview him in Beirut. He reported that Philby seemed to know he was coming (this suggested the presence of yet another mole). Nonetheless, Philby allegedly confessed to Elliott.

Shortly afterwards, apparently fearing he might be abducted in Lebanon, Philby defected to the Soviet Union. He fled, under cover of night, to a Soviet freighter.

## Related pages 
*Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (movie)

## References
Hua Mulan

**Hua Mulan** () is a legendary warrior from China. The stories about her are set during various times in China's history. She was first written about in a ballad called the *Ballad of Mulan* (). In the ballad, Hua Mulan takes her father's place in the army. She practiced martial arts such as kung fu, and was skilled with a sword. She fought for twelve years and became famous, but she refused any reward.

## Related pages 
* Mulan (movie)

## References 
## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
Wikisource has original writing related to Hua Mulan
Yassmin Abdel-Magied

**Yassmin Abdel-Magied** is an Australian writer, social advocate, and an engineer. She helps women, youth, and ethnic minorities develop their communities. At 16 years old, Abdel-Magied created *Youth Without Borders*, an organization that provides programs, opportunities, and support for youth to create positive changes in their communities.

## Biography 
Abdel-Magied was born on March 3, 1991 in Sudan and moved to Australia with her parents just before she turned two years old

 in 2016 with Random House.

## Awards 
In 2007, Abdel-Magied received the Young Australian Muslim of the Year award. In 2010 she received the Young Queenslander of the Year award, in 2011 she was a finalist for the Queensland Young Australian of the Year Award. She was the winner of the Youth Leader category in the 2012 Australian Financial Review and Westpac 100 Women of Influence Awards and the youngest woman on the list. In 2015, Abdel-Magied was one of the finalists in Young Australian of the Year, being named Queensland Young Australian of the Year.

## Youth Without Borders 
Abdel-Magied founded Youth Without Borders  in 2007 and has been the chair of the organization since its establishment. The organization provides programs, opportunities, and support for youth to create positive changes in their communities. One of the projects is a library for children and youth on a motorcycle. This motorcycle travels to villages that do not have access to libraries in Indonesia.

## References