open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
List of leaders of North Korea

The '''supreme leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea**, or simply known as the **supreme leader of North Korea''' is the head of state and head of government of North Korea. The leader directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the North Korean Armed Forces.

Kim Jong-un is the 3rd and current supreme leader of North Korea, in office since December 17, 2011.

## Executive and Legislative Powers 
the president of the state affairs commission is the head of state of North Korea. The North Korean constitution gives the president the power to lead the state and appoint important state officials. 

The president also has the power to appoint diplomatic representatives to serve foreign relations in other countries. The president can declare a state of emergency, a state of war or a mobilization order and direct the country's national defense during times of war. The president also has absolute power and control over North Korea's nuclear arsenal.

The president of the State Affairs has the power to choose the vice president, and members of the State Affairs Commission, who are elected by members of the assembly. The president can also propose for their recall by the assembly and the president also has the right to appoint or dismiss important state officials.

The president can submit an agenda that will be discussed by the Supreme People's Assembly. The commission can also submit an agenda to the assembly. The president can also have the right to grant pardons.

The supreme leader is the commander-in-chief of the North Korean Armed Forces. The leader may exercise supreme operational command and control over the country's military forces, and has plenary power to launch, direct and supervise military operations, order or authorize the deployment of troops, or launch nuclear weapons.

## Official residences 
Ryongsong Residence is the current and official residence of the supreme leader of North Korea. The supreme leader also has other official state residences but are kept hidden away with absolutely no access to them.

## Protection 
The Ministry of State Security is charged with protecting the supreme leader and the first family of North Korea. As part of their protection, their duties are also to investigate any type of threats towards the Kim family or any government official. It's also tasked to conduct VIP protection duties for North Korean diplomats and employees who work in many North Korean embassies, accompany and other foreign officials abroad.

## Line of succession 
The North Korean leadership line of succession is the order in which one of the members of the Kim family are to assume the powers and duties as the supreme leader of North Korea upon their death.
West African slender-snouted crocodile

The **West African slender-snouted crocodile** (*Mecistops cataphractus*) is a critically endangered type of African crocodile. It is one of five species of crocodile in Africa.

## Distribution
The West African slender-snouted crocodile lives in West Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, southern Senegal, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, southern Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo) and extends into Cameroon in Central Africa.

## Status
The West African slender-snouted crocodile is classified as critically endangered. It no longer exists in many countries, while its numbers have decreased in others. In its native range, it is very rare. It is on the verge of disappearing. Captive breeding may be important for conservation of this species. 

## References
MacGuffin

In fiction, a **MacGuffin** is an object, detail, or event in the story that is important to the plot or the motivation of the story's characters. The term was first used by filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock. He was not the first to use or discover the trope, but he is given credit for coming up with the name. Other filmmakers like George Lucas used the term MacGuffin as well, but their definition was somewhat different from Hitchcock's. Nevertheless, details about MacGuffins below will describe Hitchcock's point of view.

According to Hitchcock, the MacGuffin has no importance other than moving the story forward, and it has no meaning by itself. It does not matter what the "thing" the characters want is, as long as it drives the character or moves the plot forward. In other words, any detail of a story is a MacGuffin if it can be replaced by something else without changing the rest of the story. If changing what the "thing" the characters want changes anything else in the story, then it is not a MacGuffin.

An example of a MacGuffin is Marsellus Wallace's briefcase in the movie *Pulp Fiction*. Getting the suitcase and giving it back to Marsellus Wallace is the reason why Wallace's hit men are willing to kill other people and risk their lives to keep it, but what is inside the briefcase is never shown or explained. According to the movie's writer and director Quentin Tarantino, he says that whatever is in the briefcase is whatever the audience wants it to be, because such knowledge of what is inside does not affect the story at all.

An example of a detail that is not a MacGuffin is the Ark of the Covenant in the movie *Raiders of the Lost Ark*. Even though the Ark is important to the motivation of the movie's hero, Indiana Jones, and the villains, the Nazis, the Ark's importance becomes more clear in the later half of the movie, and it cannot be replaced by anything else because the Nazis' misuse of the Ark was the direct cause of their death at the climax of the movie.

## References
Cuban crocodile

The **Cuban crocodile** (*Crocodylus rhombifer*) is a type of small crocodile. It lives in Cuba. The average length is 2.1–2.3 m (6.9–7.5 ft). The average weight is 70–80 kg (150–180 lb). Large males can grow as long as 3.5 m (11 ft) in length. Large females can also weigh more than 215 kg (474 lb). It is a very aggressive animal. The Cuban crocodile is very dangerous to humans.

The Cuban crocodile is listed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Before, it lived all over the Caribbean. Now, it only lives in the Zapata Swamp and Isla de la Juventud. They had to escape being hunted by humans. Captive breeding are helping the species to recover.

## References
Borneo crocodile

The **Borneo crocodile** (*Crocodylus raninus*) is a species of freshwater crocodile. It is only found on the island of Borneo.

## References
Central African slender-snouted crocodile

The **Central African slender-snouted crocodile** (*Mecistops leptorhynchus*) is one of two species of crocodiles in the genus Mecistops.

The Central African slender-snouted crocodile lives in Central Africa (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, northern Angola, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo) and extends into South Sudan in East Africa.

## References
Dwarf crocodile

The **dwarf crocodile** (*Osteolaemus tetraspis*), is an African crocodile. It is the smallest extant (living) specie of crocodile.

Dwarf crocodiles can reach an average adult length of 1.5 m (4.9 ft). The biggest recorded length for this species is 1.9 m (6.2 ft). Adult ones can weigh between 18 and 32 kg (40 and 71 lsb). The biggest females can be as heavy as 40 kg (88 lb), while the biggest males can weigh up to 80 kg (180 lb).

The dwarf crocodile is a shy and mainly nocturnal. It spends the day hiding in pools or burrows. Although, it occasionally may be active during the day. 

Foraging is mainly done in or near the water. Although it is considered to be one of the most terrestrial species of crocodilian, it may expand the feeding pattern to land, usually after rains.

## References
Mountain stream tree frog

The **mountain stream tree frog**, **northern tops frog**, **leaf green river tree frog** or **Barrington tops frog** (*Ranoidea barringtonensis*)  is a tree frog from Australia.  It lives in New South Wales.

This frog is 3.7 cm in length.  It is green with dark spots and a dark stripe behind the eye.  It has a white belly.

Scientists disagree about whether to call this frog *barringtonenesis* or *pearsoniana*.

## References
Norman Watt-Roy

**Norman Joseph Watt-Roy** (born 15 February 1951) is an English musician, arranger and composer.

Watt-Roy's music career spans more than 40 years. He became popular in the late 1970s, during the punk and new wave era of rock music as the bass player for Ian Dury and the Blockheads. He was a member of the Greatest Show on Earth before.

In addition to his work with the Blockheads, Watt-Roy has been a session musician and has released one solo album.
Spaced Out

***Spaced Out*** is an animated series, co-produced by Tooncan Productions and Cartoon Network, in association with several other companies and television networks. The series had one season with 26 episodes.
Irene D. Long

**Irene Duhart Long** (November 16, 1950 &ndash; August 4, 2020) was an American physician. She was an official at the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. She was the first female chief medical officer at the Kennedy Space Center.

## References
Richard Biefnot

**Richard Biefnot** (24 March 1949 – 18 August 2020) was a Belgian politician. He was on the Parliament of Wallonia from 1999 to 2004. He was also a member of the Chamber of Representatives from 1995 to 1999 and a member of the Socialist Party.

Biefnot died on 18 August 2020, aged 71.

## References
Atzo Nicolaï

**Atzo Nicolaï** (22 February 1960 – 19 August 2020) was a Dutch politician and businessman. He was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

Nicolaï studied law and political science at the Free University Amsterdam. He was a member of the House of Representatives between 1998 and 2002, in 2003, and again from 2006 to 2011. From 2002 to 2006, he was deputy government minister, and from 2006 to 2007 government minister.

Between 2011 and 2019, he was a member of the Social and Economic Council, and also heading DSM.

Nicolaï was born in Delft and died of cancer in Amstelveen, aged 60.

## References
## Other websites 
* Bio at Parlement.com
Andrzej Walicki

**Andrzej Stanisław Walicki** (15 May 1930 – 20 August 2020) was a Polish historian. He was a professor at the University of Notre Dame. He specialized in philosophy. He was one of the scholars who formed the "Warsaw school of the history of ideas".

Walicki was born in Warsaw. He obtained his PhD in 1957, and became a full professor in 1972.

From 1981 to 1986, he worked at the University of Canberra, and from 1986 at University of Notre Dame. In 1998 he won Balzan Prize.

Walicki died in Warsaw on 20 August 2020 at the age of 90.

## References
Manuel Gallardo

**Manuel Gallardo Lechet** (3 May 1935 &ndash; 21 August 2020) was a Spanish actor. He was born in Cardena, Spain. His career began in 1961. His best known roles were as Juan in *A Land for All* (1962), Halaf in *100 Horsemen* (1964) and as Fred in *Saturday, Sunday and Friday* (1979). 

Gallardo died on 21 August 2020 in Madrid, aged 85.

## References
## Other websites
*
Jack Sherman

**Jack Sherman** (January 18, 1956August 18, 2020) was an American guitarist. He was best known as the second guitarist to have joined Red Hot Chili Peppers.  He played on their debut album. He co-wrote much of their second album, *Freaky Styley*.

Sherman died on August 18, 2020 at the age of 64.

## References
Tomasz Tomiak

**Tomasz Piotr Tomiak** (17 September 1967 &ndash; 21 August 2020) was a Polish rower. He was born in Nowy Tomyśl, Poland. He won a bronze medal during the 1992 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal in 1991 and a silver medal in 1993 at the World Rowing Championships.

Tomiak died on 21 August 2020 of heart failure in Warsaw at the age of 52.

## References
Ron Tudor

**Ronald Stewart Tudor** MBE (18 May 1924 – 21 August 2020) was an Australian producer, engineer, label owner and record industry businessman. He started his career with W&G Records in 1956. He was born in Toora, Victoria.

Tudor briefly joined Astor Records as their promotions manager until 1968 when he created his own production company. He created his own record label, Fable Records, late in 1969 and continued as its CEO until he sold the company in July 1984.

In June 1979 Tudor was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire "for service to the recording industry".

Tudor died on 21 August 2020 in Melbourne, aged 96.

## References
Mohamed Ben Rehaiem

**Mohamed Ben Rehaiem** (), also known as **Hamadi Agrebi** () (20 March 1951 – 21 August 2020), was a Tunisian football midfielder. He played for Tunisia in the 1978 FIFA World Cup. He also played for CS Sfaxien.

Rehaiem died on 21 August 2020 in Sfax, aged 69.

## References
## Other websites
*FIFA profile
Aldo Aureggi

**Aldo Aureggi** (6 October 1931 – 21 August 2020) was an Italian fencer. He won a silver medal in the team foil event at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Rome.

Aureggi died on 21 August 2020 in Rome, aged 90.

## References
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium

**Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium**, also known as **Kasımpaşa Stadium**, is a stadium in the Kasımpaşa neighbourhood of Istanbul, Turkey. It is used mostly for football games and is the home stadium of Kasımpaşa S.K. The stadium holds 14,234 people. Due to extension works, Kasımpaşa played most of its home matches in the Atatürk Olympic Stadium in the 2007–2008 season. It is named after the current Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, a native of Kasımpaşa and a football player in his youth.

## Gallery

File:RecepTayyipErdoğanStadium (4).JPG|Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stadium
File:RecepTayyipErdoğanStadium (5).JPG|Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stadium

## References 
## Other websites 
* Satellite Photo of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium
* Current Photo of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium
* Various Pictures
Army of Shadows

***Army of Shadows*** () is a 1969 French Italian World War II suspense drama movie directed by Jean-Pierre Melville and based on the 1943 novel of the same name by Joseph Kessel. It stars Lino Ventura, Paul Meurisse, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Simone Signoret, Claude Mann, Paul Crauchet, Christian Barbier, Serge Reggiani.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Ukrainian Railways

**Ukrainian Railways** () is a state-owned company of rail transport in Ukraine. It controls the majority of the railroad transportation in Ukraine. It's total track length is nearly 23,000 km. Ukrainian Railways company is the number 13 largest railway company in the world. Ukrainian Railways is the world's 6th largest rail passenger transporter.

The company employs more than 403,000 people. 

## History 
Ukrainian Railways company is the successor of the railways company founded in 1861 in Russian empire. 

Since the independence of Ukraine, the company is the major railways transporter and the only owner of all tracks in Ukraine. 

It's main office is in Kyiv, Ukraine.

## References
The Mighty Kong

***The Mighty Kong*** is a 1998 fantasy musical adventure giant monster animated direct-to-video movie directed by Art Scott. It was the animated remake of the 1933 movie. The Mighty Kong was produced by Lana Productions and was released directly to video by Warner Bros. Family Entertainment.

## Plot 
In 1933, Ann Darrow travels outside world when, Kong Island and went for the monster, Kong an 18-meter giant gorilla, taken for New York for exhibit for Broadway any means.

## Cast 
* Jodi Benson - Ann Darrow, Woman 12
* Dudley Moore - C.B. Denham, Kong 
* Randy Hamilton - Jack
* Richard Newman - Capt. Engelhorn
* William Sage III - Roscoe, Additional voices
* Jason Gray Stanford - Ricky
* Don Brown - Sailors, Chief of Kong Island
Additional voices - Ian James Cortlett, Michael Dobson, Paul Dobson, Hallie Todd, Alyson Court

## Production 
This film was animated in 1997 by Anirom Films, Jade Animation, Rainbow Animation itself. All voiced actors recording by Ocean Group.

## Release 
The film was released on VHS in June 16, 1998 by Warner Home Video/Warner Bros. Family and Legacy Releasing. A remastered edition was released by TriCoast Entertainment on December 10 2019 on DVD.
Quartz crisis

**Quartz crisis** is the revolution in the watchmaking industry caused by the development of quartz watches in the 1970s and early 1980s. The quartz watches significantly replaced mechanical watches around the world. It caused the crisis of the Swiss watchmakers, which were focused on classical mechanical watches. The quartz watches appeared to be less expensive and more accurate than the mechanical ones. The quartz watches production was mostly located in Japan at that time. Such Japanese companies as Seiko, Citizen and Casio were the first to introduce the market the new electronic technology. 

## References
Ahlgrens

**Ahlgrens** was a Swedish confectionery company. It was started by Fredrik Ahlgren in the town of Gävle in 1885 as a store that sold paint and wallpaper. They later introduced various chemicals, perfumes and other products, which they made and sold. In 1908, a brand of mouthwash called Läkerol was introduced. The next year, pastilles started to be sold with the same name, and are still sold in multiple countries in several variants. 

In 1993, the Finnish company Huhtamäki bought Ahlgrens. Every Ahlgrens product was rebranded to Leaf except for Ahlgrens bilar.

Ahlgrens bilar (Swedish for "Ahlgren's Cars") is the best known Ahlgrens product. They are small car-shaped marshmallows, and have been sold since 1953. They are marketed as 'Sveriges mest köpta bil' (Swedish for "Sweden's most bought car"), which could be correct by number of cars. Ahlgrens bilar are so popular in Sweden that some stores catering for Swedish tourists and residents in other countries sell them.

Other vehicle and road-related products are sold under the Ahlgrens bilar brand, including liquorice car tyres, travel trailers and sour road signs. Of the sour road signs, German tourists are known to specifically enjoy the elk warning signs.

## Other websites
*Ahlgrens bilar  (in Swedish, Danish and Norwegian)
Freshwater crocodile

The **freshwater crocodile** (*Crocodylus johnstoni* or *Crocodylus johnsoni*), is a type of crocodile that only lives in the northern regions of Australia. Freshwater crocodiles do not attack humans. But, sometimes they will bite to protect themselves or can sometimes mistake humans for food.

## Description
Males can grow as long as 2.3–3 m (7.5–9.8 ft). Females can grow as long as 2.1 m (6.9 ft). Males usually weigh about 70 kg (150 lb). Big ones can weigh about 100 kg (220 lb) or more. Females can weigh about 40 kg (88 lb). Freshwater crocodiles are very shy animals. Along with a slender snout, their teeth are smaller than the dangerous saltwater crocodile.

## Distribution
Freshwater crocodiles live in the states of Western Australia, Queensland, and the Northern Territory. Freshwater crocodiles live in many habitats in Australia. They include: freshwater wetlands, billabongs, rivers and creeks. Freshwater crocodiles can live in places where saltwater crocodiles can not.

## References
Majeerteen

castle in Bargal]]
**Majeerteen** is a tribe in northeast Somalia. Majeerteen borders Warsangeli and reer darawiish to the west. On its south are Lailkase and the Habar Gidir  (Maderkicis.!) 

## References
New Guinea crocodile

The **New Guinea crocodile** (*Crocodylus novaeguineae*) is a type of crocodile. It lives on the island of New Guinea. The habitat of the New Guinea crocodile is mostly freshwater swamps and lakes. It is very active at night when it feeds on fish and other small animals. 

## Reproduction
A female crocodile lays a clutch of eggs in a nest made of different plants. The female crocodile stays close to guard the nest. 

## Conservation
This crocodile was over-hunted for its skin in the middle of the 20th century, but because of conservation it no longer an endangered species. It is reared in ranches.

## References
Mahdi Gulaid

**Mahdi Mohammed Gulaid "Khadar"** (, ) is a Somali politician and diplomat. He was the Prime Minister of Somalia, from 25 July 2020 to 23 September 2020. Farmaajo has a close relationship with his prime minister Mahdi Gulaid.

## References
The Grass Is Greener

***The Grass Is Greener*** is a 1960 British romantic comedy movie directed by Stanley Donen and starring Cary Grant, Deborah Kerr, Robert Mitchum, Jean Simmons. The movie is based on the 1956 play of the same name written by Hugh Williams and Margaret Vyner and was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
*
Morelet's crocodile

'''Morelet's crocodile'* (*Crocodylus moreletii''), also known as the **Mexican crocodile**, is a type of crocodile. It only lives in the fresh waters of the Atlantic regions of Mexico, Belize and Guatemala. It usually grows to about 3 metres (9.8&nbsp;ft) in length. It is not necessarily among the critically endangered species.

## References
Ashley Hinson

**Ashley Hinson** (born June 27, 1983, Des Moines, Iowa) is an American politician and journalist. She is the United States representative from Iowa's 1st congressional district since 2021. She was the Iowa State Representative. She defeated then-incumbent Abby Finkenauer in Iowa's 1st congressional district in the 2020 election.

Prior to serving in the Iowa House, Hinson worked for KCRG-TV9 News in Cedar Rapids. 

On September 2, 2025, Hinson announced her candidacy for the U.S. Senate in the 2026 election, following incumbent Senator Joni Ernst's retirement announcement.

## References
Kaffrine Region

**Kaffrine** is a region in the center of Senegal. The regional capital is Kaffrine.

As of the 2013 census, 544,011 people lived there. It has an area of .

It was created in 2008.

## Départements 
There are four départements:
* Birkilane Département
* Kaffrine Département
* Koungheul Département
* Malem Hoddar Département
Siamese crocodile

The **Siamese crocodile** (*Crocodylus siamensis*) is a type of freshwater crocodile. It lives in Indonesia (Borneo and possibly Java), Brunei, East Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. The Siamese crocodile is critically endangered. It has already disappeared from many regions.

## References
Kaolack Region

**Kaolack** is a region in the west of Senegal. The regional capital is Kaolack. It borders Gambia.

As of the 2013 census, 918,355 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Guinguinéo Département
* Kaolack Département
* Nioro du Rip Département
Granny (Looney Tunes)

**Emma Webster**, also known as **Granny**, is an animated fictional character under Warner Bros.' *Merrie Melodies* and *Looney Tunes* animated shorts of the 1950s and 1960s. She is the owner of Tweety, Hector the Bulldog and Sylvester the Cat.

Granny is a good-natured widowed woman. She is highly protective of her beloved canary, Tweety. Granny's being overprotective becomes known when Tweety is threatened, usually by Sylvester. She has the appearance of a kindly old woman, although she has shown her cleverness in many cartoons.

## Appearances
The idea of Granny began under the *Little Red Riding Hood* character. She first appeared as such in the 1937 animated short *Little Red Waking Hood*. Further appearances of a similar granny included *The Cagey Canary* (1941), *Hiss and Make Up* (1943) and *Hare Force* (1944).

Although Granny was always shown with her animal companions, she was sometimes shown *without* them. For instance, in the 1953 short *Hare Trimmed*, she played a rich widow who was being fought over by two men, Yosemite Sam and Bugs Bunny. The latter was out to stop the earlier's evil plan to marry her and then get her money. Sam called her Emma and then Emmy.

Granny made appearances in many other cartoons.
Lucky Lady

***Lucky Lady*** is a 1975 American adventure comedy drama movie directed by Stanley Donen and starring Gene Hackman, Liza Minnelli, Burt Reynolds, Robby Benson. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for 1 Golden Globe in 1976.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz

***The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz*** is a 1974 Canadian comedy drama movie directed by Ted Kotcheff and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Mordecai Richler. It stars Richard Dreyfuss, Micheline Lanctôt, Jack Warden, Randy Quaid, Joseph Wiseman, Denholm Elliott and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1975. The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz was released by Paramount Pictures on April 11, 1974.

## Other websites
*
Bath County, Virginia

**Bath County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 4,209 people lived there. Its county seat is Warm Springs.

## References
Cape York graceful tree frog

The **Cape York graceful tree frog** (*Ranoidea bella*) is a tree frog from Australia.  It lives on Cape York in Queensland.

This frog lives in rainforests with a monsoon climate and it likes areas with many vines close to water.  The male frog has a call that sounds like a screech.

## References
West African crocodile

The **West African crocodile** or **desert crocodile** (*Crocodylus suchus*) is a species of crocodile. 

## Where they live
The West African crocodile lives in West and Central Africa. From the east to South Sudan and Uganda, and south of Democratic Republic of the Congo. 

Other countries where they live include Mauritania, Benin, Liberia, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Chad, Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Gabon, Togo, Ivory Coast and Republic of Congo.

## References
Petunia Pig

**Petunia Pig** is an animated fictional character under the *Looney Tunes* and *Merrie Melodies* series of cartoons from Warner Bros. She looks quite a bit like her significant other, the Porky Pig. But she wears braids and a dress.

Petunia was introduced by the animator Frank Tashlin in the 1937 short ''Porky's Romance*. The movie is a parody of a 1932 Walt Disney cartoon called *Mickey's Nightmare'', except Mickey Mouse marries his long-time girlfriend Minnie Mouse in that movie. Porky's overtures toward Petunia bring him only the scornful laughs of his lover pig. 

Tashlin adopted Petunia as a regular member of Porky's crew. He (Tashlin) showed her in two more cartoons: *The Case of the Stuttering Pig* and ''Porky's Double Trouble''.

As Porky's being popular was overshadowed in the late 1930s and 1940s by other characters, such as Daffy Duck and Bugs Bunny, he himself was reduced to a supporting player under new Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes shorts. Petunia, only a bit player to Porky's lead, fared worse.

But later, Petunia made appearances in other specials, like ''Bugs Bunny's Christmas Carol''.

The regular adult Petunia was a guest star under DC Comics' *Looney Tunes* comic book and in the official *Looney Tunes* website.

Petunia also appears in *Looney Tunes Cartoons*. Her first showing in the series was presented in the piece *Happy Birthday, Bugs Bunny*.

## References
Jesse Jackson Jr.

**Jesse Louis Jackson Jr.** (born March 11, 1965) is a former American politician. He was a Democratic Congressman. He represented Illinois' 2nd conressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to his resigning in 2012. Jackson Jr. is the son of activist and former Presidential candidate Jesse Jackson.

Prior to his career in office, Jackson Jr. worked for his father in both the 1984 presidential campaign and his social justice, civil rights and political activism network, Operation PUSH.

Jackson Jr. was a national co-chairman of the Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign.

In October 2025, Jackson announced his candidacy for his former congressional seat in the 2026 election. In March 2026, he lost the Democratic nomination to Cook County Commissioner Donna Miller.

## References
Noli me tangere

(1497-8-1543) - 'Noli Me Tangere']]
 by Fra Angelico]]
, Jacob Jordaens and Lucas van Uden, c. 1630]]
According to the evangelist, John 20.17, ***noli me tangere*** is a phrase Jesus says to Mary Magdalene, when she recognises him after the resurrection. The phrase is commonly translated as ''don't touch me*. In Koine Greek, the phrase reads Μή μου ἅπτου (*mḗ mou háptou*), which is translated differently, as cease holding on to me or stop clinging to me. Many artists and painters have been inspired by the phrase.

## Text 
In the translation of Saint Jerome, the text is as follows:

"11. Maria *autem stabat ad monumentum foris, plorans. Dum ergo fleret, inclinavit se, et prospexit in monumentum"* - Mary [on the other hand] was near the tomb and wept. While she was weeping, she bent forwards and looked inside the tomb

"12. *et vidit duos angelos in albis sedentes, unum ad caput, et unum ad pedes, ubi positum fuerat corpus Jesu.*  - And she sees two angels, [dressed in] white, which were sitting, where the corpse of Jesus had been; one at the head, the other at the feet.

"13. *Dicunt ei illi : Mulier, quid ploras ? Dicit eis : Quia tulerunt Dominum meum : et nescio ubi posuerunt eum." - They ask her: woman, why do you weep - she answers them: They have taken my lord, and I don't know where they have put him*

"14. *Hæc cum dixisset, conversa est retrorsum, et vidit Jesum stantem : et non sciebat quia Jesus est." - When she had said this, she turned around, and she sees Jesus standing [there], and she did not know that it was Jesus*

"*15 . Dicit ei Jesus : Mulier, quid ploras ? quem quæris ? Illa existimans quia hortulanus esset, dicit ei : Domine, si tu sustulisti eum, dicito mihi ubi posuisti eum, et ego eum tollam.*" - Jesus asked her: Woman, why do you weep? Who are you looking for? - She answered him, thinking he was the gardener: My lord, if it was you who took him, you should tell me where you put him, and I will remove him.

"16:  *Dicit ei Jesus : Maria. Conversa illa, dicit ei : Rabboni (quod dicitur Magister).* - Jesus said to her "Maria" - she turned around, and said "Raboni", which means master

"17.   *Dicit ei Jesus : **Noli me tangere**, nondum enim ascendi ad Patrem meum : vade autem ad fratres meos, et dic eis : Ascendo ad Patrem meum, et Patrem vestrum, Deum meum, et Deum vestrum.* - Jesus told her: *'Don't touch me'*, because I have not risen towards my father. Go, to my brothers, and tell them: I rise twords my father and your father, my god and your god.

"18.   *Venit Maria Magdalene annuntians discipulis : Quia vidi Dominum, et hæc dixit mihi. - Maria of Magdala comes, and she tells the disciples: I have seen the lord, and that's what he told me.''
Modified starch

**Modified starch**, also known as **starch derivative**, is starch that has been changed to have certain properties. Common properties are the starch being stable when exposed to heat or to acid, or higher reaction to frosting and defrosting. Modified starch is a food additive. It is only declared as such if it has been changed chemically. Food additives E1400 to E1451 are modified starch.

## References
Abdim's stork

The '''Abdim's stork'* (*Ciconia abdimii''), also called the **white-bellied stork**, is a type of stork.

## Description
The Abdim's stork is a black stork with grey legs, red knees and feet, grey bill and white underparts. It has red skin on the face in front of the eye and blue skin near the bill in breeding season. It is the smallest species of stork. It only grows about 73 cm (29 in) long. It has a weight of just over 1 kg (2.2 lbs).

## Distribution
The Abdim's stork lives in open habitats across Eastern Africa, from Ethiopia to South Africa. This stork has escaped or have been released into Florida, USA. There is no evidence that they are reproducing in Florida.

The Abdim's stork is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

## References
African openbill

The **African openbill** (*Anastomus lamelligerus*) is a type of stork in the family Ciconiidae. It is native to large parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

## Distribution
The African openbill grows as long as 80–94 cm. It weighs about 1–1.3 kg. Its adult feathers is generally dark, with glossy green, brown, and purple on the mantle and breast. The bill is brownish and large. The legs are black and the eye is grey. The juvenile feathers are more dull and brown, with areas of pale feather tips.

## References
Little Elm, Texas

**Little Elm** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.

## Geography 
Little Elm has a total area of 22 square miles.
Lombardi's Pizza

'''Lombardi's''' is a pizzeria in the United States. It was opened in 1905. It is located in Manhattan, New York City. It is on the Pizza Hall of Fame as the first  in the United States. 

## History 
Gennaro Lombardi, later known as the man who brought pizza to America, started the business in 1897. It was still a grocery store at 53½ Spring Street. It began selling tomato pies wrapped in paper. They used to deliver it during lunchtime to workers from factories in the area. In 1905, Lombardi received a business license to operate a pizza restaurant. He later passed the business on to his son, George.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Anton, Texas

and BNSF Railway on the southwest side of Anton, Texas]]
**Anton** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Agua Dulce, Nueces County, Texas

**Agua Dulce** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is located on the Texas Mexican Railway at the intersection of Farm Road 70 and State Highway 44 in west-central Nueces County. It is named after the local creek of the same name, Agua Dulce is "sweet water" in Spanish.
## History
Founded sometime prior to 1900, a post office was granted in 1908 and the Agua Dulce Independent School District was founded two years later. The population of Agua Dulce was 100 in 1914. The school system merged with Bentonville about the time that the first seismographic survey in Nueces County was being conducted. This resulted in a minor oil boom with gas and oil wells developed. During WWII the population increased from 200 to 750. It has remained more or less at that level ever since.
## References
Asian openbill

The **Asian openbill** or **Asian openbill stork** (*Anastomus oscitans*) is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. This stork lives in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

## Description
The Asian openbill stork is mostly greyish (non-breeding season) or white (breeding season) with glossy black wings and tail that have a green or purple sheen.

## References
NGC 717

**NGC 717** is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Andromeda. Bindon Blood Stoney found the galaxy on October 28, 1850.

## References
## Other websites
Plastic bag

A **plastic bag** is a type of container. It is made of thin, flexible, plastic film, nonwoven fabric, or plastic textile. Plastic bags are used for containing and transporting goods such as foods, produce, powders, ice, magazines, chemicals, and waste. It is a common type of packaging.

## References
The Delinquents (1957 movie)

***The Delinquents*** is a 1957 American drama movie directed by first time director Robert Altman and starring Tom Laughlin, Peter Miller, Richard Bakalyan, Rosemary Howard. It was distributed by United Artists.

## Other websites
* 
*
Touch Me Not

***Touch Me Not*** is a 2018 internationally co-produced drama movie. It was screened in the main competition under the 68th Berlin International Film Festival. It won the Golden Bear Award. The movie mixes fiction and documentary.

*Touch Me Not* is rated NC-17 because of explicit sex.

Under Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a rating of 58% with 33 reviews. Under Metacritic, the movie has a rating of 65 out of 100, meaning "generally favorable reviews".

## Cast
* Laura Benson as herself
* Tómas Lemarquis as himself
* Dirk Lange as himself
* Hanna Hofmann as herself
* Christian Bayerlein as himself
* Grit Uhlemann as herself
* Irmena Chichikova as herself
* Adina Pintilie as herself
* Seani Love as himself

## References
Baruch Dov Povarsky

**Rabbi Baruch Dov Povarsky** (born August 17, 1931) is a Haredi rabbi who lives in Israel. He is the rosh yeshiva of the Ponevezh Yeshiva, which is located in the Israeli city of Bnei Brak. 

## Life story 
Rabbi Povarsky was born in the city of Kletsk in the Second Polish Republic; his father was Rabbi Dovid Povarsky. When he was three months old, he and his family moved to the city of Baranavichy, which was in the same country; this was because his father was becoming a teacher in the yeshiva of Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman. When he was ten years old, his entire family moved to Mandatory Palestine (present-day Israel), where he attended several schools before joining the Ponovezh Yeshiva, the school where his father was appointed rosh yeshiva. At that point, Baruch Dov was still a student. In 1954, after he got married, he became a teacher in the yeshiva, and later he became the rosh yeshiva.

## References
Women who have sex with women

**Women who have sex with women** (WSW) are women who engage in sexual activities with other women. They may be lesbian, heterosexual or bisexual. They may not at all have *any* sexual identity. The term WSW is used often in medical literature to describe such women in a clinical study.

Lesbians are less likely than heterosexual or bisexual women to get screened for cervical cancer. Some are refused medical screenings by medical professionals.

The lower rate of lesbians tested by regular pap smears makes it more difficult to detect cervical cancer at early stages in these women. The risk factors for developing ovarian cancer rates are higher in lesbian women.

Many doctors find woman-to-woman sex to have negligible risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The doctors fail to offer any information on prevention of STI transmission for sex between two females. Lesbians have a lower rate of getting STIs than heterosexual or bisexual women, although the risk still exists.

Dental dams, sex toys and cling wraps are often used as protection when one woman has sex with another woman.

## Related pages
*Men who have sex with men

## References
Colorado tick fever

**Colorado tick fever** (CTF) is a viral infection (Coltivirus) transmitted from the bite of an infected Rocky Mountain wood tick (*Dermacentor andersoni*). It should not be confused with the bacterial tick-borne infection, Rocky Mountain spotted fever. CTF is transmitted to humans most commonly by the bite of an infected adult wood tick, and while there is no evidence of natural person-to-person transmission, rare cases of transmission by blood transfusion have been reported. In general, adult ticks are approximately the size of a sesame seed and nymphal ticks are approximately the size of a poppy seed. The Lyme disease bacterium, *Borrelia burgdorferi*, is spread through the bite of infected ticks. Symptoms include:
* fever up to 105°F.
* chills.
* severe headache.
* light sensitivity.
* muscle aches.
* skin tenderness.
* loss of appetite.
Arabesque (1966 movie)

***Arabesque*** is a 1966 American spy comedy thriller movie directed by Stanley Donen and is based on the 1961 novel *The Cypher* by Alex Gordon. It stars Gregory Peck, Sophia Loren and was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Yisrael Meir Kagan

**Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan** (January 26, 1838 – September 15, 1933) was a rabbi in Eastern Europe who was known as the leader of Orthodox Jewry. He also wrote very famous books, including *Sefer Chofetz Chaim*, and therefore, he is usually referred to as the **Chofetz Chaim**. He is also famous for being the rosh yeshiva of the Radin Yeshiva.

## Childhood 
Rabbi Kagan was born on January 26, 1838 in Dzyatlava, a town that was in those days part of the Russian Empire (nowadays in Belarus). His parents were Rabbi Aryeh Zev and Dobrusha Kagan. When he was nine years old, his father brought him to Vilnius to study in the yeshiva that Rabbi Chaim Nachman Parnes ran. His father was a teacher in the yeshiva as well. Rabbi Kagan's father died when he was eleven years old. His mother married a second husband, whose name was R' Shimon, and their family moved to Radun where R' Shimon came from. Rabbi Kagan married R' Shimon's daughter, whose name was Freida.

## Later Years 
In 1869, Rabbi Kagan opened up a yeshiva in Radun, Belarus that became known as the Radin Yeshiva, and was sometimes also called "Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim", since Rabbi Kagan, who opened it, was called "the Chofetz Chaim". In the 1870s, he wrote the *Sefer Chofetz Chaim*, a book that discusses the *halachos* (Jewish laws) about not saying hurtful things. The book was very popular, and nowadays, he's known as the "Chofetz Chaim." In 1907, he completed a six volume series called the *Mishna Berurah*, in which he discussed the *halachos* pertaining to Jews' everyday life, Shabbat, and holidays. He became famous to Orthodox Jews and many people came to visit him for blessings; he was considered the leader of Orthodox Jewry. He died on September 15, 1933.

## References
The Breach (1970 movie)

***The Breach*** is a 1970 French Italian Belgian thriller movie directed by Claude Chabrol (who also stars) and was based on the novel *The Balloon Man* by Charlotte Armstrong. It stars Stéphane Audran, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Michel Bouquet, Annie Cordy, Jean-Claude Drouot, Jean Carmet, Catherine Rouvel.

## Other websites
*
*
Esther and the King

***Esther and the King*** () is a 1960 American Italian romantic drama movie directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Joan Collins, Richard Egan, Denis O'Dea. Raoul Walsh and Michael Elkins wrote the screenplay, which was based on the Book of Esther of the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Kolda Region

**Kolda** is a region in south Senegal. The regional capital is Kolda.

As of the 2013 census, 633,652 people lived there. Its area is .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Kolda Département
* Médina Yoro Foulah Département
* Vélingara Département
Iowa Park, Texas

**Iowa Park** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 6,535 at the 2020 census.

## References
Plastic film

A **plastic film** is a thin continuous plastic material. Thicker plastic material is often called a "sheet". Plastic films have a wide variety of uses. These include: packaging, plastic bags, labels, building construction, landscaping, electrical fabrication, photographic film, film stock for movies, video tape, etc.

## Materials
Almost all plastics can be formed into a thin film. Some of the primary ones are:
* Polyethylene – The most common plastic film is made of one of the types of polyethylene: low-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, or linear low-density polyethylene.
* Polypropylene – Polypropylene can be made a cast film.
* Polyester
* Nylon
* Polyvinyl chloride – film can be with or without a plasticizer
* Cellulose acetate - an early bioplastic
* Cellophane - made of regenerated cellulose
* A variety of bioplastics and biodegradable plastics are available.
* Semiembossed film – Semiembossed film can be used as a liner to the calendered rubber to keep the properties of rubber and also to prevent dust and other things from sticking to the rubber while calendering and during storage.

## References
Matam Region

**Matam** is a region in the nordeast of Senegal. The regional capital is Matam.

As of the 2013 census, 541,032 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Kanel Département
* Matam Département
* Ranérou Ferlo Département
Kédougou Region

**Kédougou** is a region in the southeast of Senegal. The regional capital is Kédougou. It was created in 2008.

As of the 2013 census, 152,134 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Kédougou Département
* Salémata Département
* Saraya Département
Thiès Region

**Thiès** is a region in the west of Senegal. The regional capital is Thiès.

As of the 2013 census, 1,709,112 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* M'bour Département
* Thiès Département
* Tivaoune Département
Saint-Louis Region

**Saint-Louis** is a region in the north of Senegal. The regional capital is Saint-Louis. It is on the border with Mauritania.

As of the 2013 census, 870,629 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Dagana Département
* Podor Département
* Saint-Louis Département
Ziguinchor Region

**Ziguinchor** is a region in the south of Senegal. The regional capital is Ziguinchor.

As of the 2013 census, 523,840 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Bignona Département
* Oussouye Département
* Ziguinchor Département
The Heiresses (2018 movie)

***The Heiresses*** () is a 2018 Paraguayan French German Norwegian Brazilian Uruguayan Italian drama movie directed by Marcelo Martinessi and stars Ana Brun, Margarita Irún, Ana Ivanova, María Martins, Alicia Guerra, Yverá Zayas.

## Other websites
*
Bland County, Virginia

**Bland County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 6,270 people lived there. Its county seat is Bland.

## References
What a Waste

"**What a Waste**" is a song and single by Ian Dury and the Blockheads, originally released in 1978 on the Stiff Records single BUY 27 "What a Waste" / "Wake Up and Make Love with Me". The song has remained in The Blockheads' set following Dury's death.

## Personnel
* Ian Dury - vocals
;The Blockheads
* Chaz Jankel - keyboards, guitars, musical direction
* John Turnbull - guitars
* Mick Gallagher - keyboards
* Davey Payne - saxophones
* Norman Watt-Roy - bass
* Charley Charles - drums
It Must Be Heaven

***It Must Be Heaven*** is a 2019 comedy movie directed by Elia Suleiman (who also stars). It stars Ali Suliman, François Girard, Gael García Bernal, Nancy Grant, Guy Sprung, Kwasi Songui and Stephen McHattie.

## Other websites 
*
From Afar

***From Afar*** () is a 2015 Venezuelan Mexican drama movie directed by Lorenzo Vigas and starring Alfredo Castro, Luis Silva, Jericó Montilla, Catherina Cardozo, Jorge Luis Bosque, Greymer Acosta, Auffer Camacho. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice International Film Festival in 2015.

## Other websites 
*
Sédhiou Region

**Sédhiou** is a region in the southwest of Senegal. The regional capital is Sédhiou. It was created in 2008.

As of the 2013 census, 434,877 people lived there. It has an area of .

## Départements 
There are three départements:
* Bounkiling Département
* Goudoump Département
* Sédhiou Département
Must Be... Love

***Must Be... Love*** is a 2013 Filipino coming of age romantic comedy movie directed by Dado Lumibao and starring Kathryn Bernardo, Daniel Padilla. It was distributed by Star Cinema.

## Other websites 
*
Notzilla

***Notzilla*** is a 2019 American comedy-action fantasy giant monster parody film produced by Creepy Ex-Boyfriend, the film was directed by Mitch Teemley. this film inspired by many japanese monster movies from 1950s'-1970s' itself as a spoof of Godzilla.
                                                                                                                                     
## Plot
in 1962, United Nations and JSDF to kill a monster known as *Notzilla* by a paleontologist named Professor Honda. an monster egg started to hatches Notzilla to started to drink beer and grow another times, escaping Notzilla as a 60 meters tall, for drinking full of beer an tries to rampage on the city.

## Cast
* Frederic Eng-li as Hiro Honda
* Tifani Ahren Davies as Shirley
* Tim Bensch as Dr. Blowheart
* Becca Kravitz as Dr. Butay
* Kenneth Early as Dr. Bloch
* Charlie Harper as Dr. Shortman
* Darnell Benjamin as Colonel Stickler
* Roger Cupp as Lieutenant Cupp
* Michael Wilhelm as Dr. Mungish
* Samantha Russell as Pearl 
* Rupert Spraul as Kenny Wannabee
* Christine Jones as Gen. Specific
* Michael Bath as Gen. Dirk Bogus
* Spencer Lackley as Bobby Bleech
* Jacob Baker as Notzilla

## Release
they the film released in August 18, 2020 in VOD format.

## Other websites
*
Chasing Papi

***Chasing Papi*** is a 2003 American romantic comedy movie directed by Linda Mendoza and starring Roselyn Sánchez, Sofía Vergara, Jaci Velasquez, Eduardo Verástegui. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Other websites 
*