Forgiveness

**Forgiveness** is the choice that a person makes not to punish or try to get revenge against another person for something bad that the other person did or something that is illegal or immoral. When someone forgives someone else, they stop hating that person. They wish their offender well. If he or she  and  s to the person who he or she has harmed and tries to  the wrong, the wronged person must forgive him or her. 

"Just as I forgive everyone, so may You grant me grace in the eyes of others, that they too forgive me absolutely." —Tefila Zaka

Each year, Jews observe Yom Kippur, or a Day of Atonement. is perhaps the best known parable about forgiveness and refers to God's forgiveness for his people.

### Islam
Islam teaches that Allah is *Al-Ghaffur* ("The Oft-Forgiving") and that Allah is the original source of all forgiveness. Seeking forgiveness from Allah with repentance is a virtue.

There are numerous verses in the Qur'an and the Hadiths that recommend forgiveness. 

"Allah forgives what is past." —Qur'an 5:95

Islam recommends forgiveness between believers, because Allah values forgiveness. However, Islam also allows revenge, to the extent of the harm that was done. 

"The recompense for an injury is an injury equal thereto: but if a person forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is due from Allah: for Allah loveth not those who do wrong." —Qur'an 42:40

Forgiveness between believers is encouraged, with a promise of reward from Allah.

### Bahá'í Faith
In the Bahá'í Faith, Bahá'í literature explains how to be forgiving towards others.

"Love the creatures for the sake of God and not for themselves. You will never become angry or impatient if you love them for the sake of God. Humanity is not perfect. There are imperfections in every human being, and you will always become unhappy if you look toward the people themselves. But if you look toward God, you will love them and be kind to them, for the world of God is the world of perfection and complete mercy. Therefore, do not look at the shortcomings of anybody; see with the sight of forgiveness." —`Abdu'l-Bahá, *The Promulgation of Universal Peace*, p. 92

The writings of Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith, state that you should "forgive and forget" a person's actions against you, so that you will be forgiven.

### Buddhism
In Buddhism, forgiveness prevents harmful thoughts from damaging a person’s mental well-being. Buddhism recognizes that feelings of hatred have a lasting effect on karma. Buddhism encourages thoughts that have a positive effect. 

"In contemplating the law of karma, we realize that it is not a matter of seeking revenge but of practicing mettā and forgiveness, for the victimizer is, truly, the most unfortunate of all." 

When there is resentment, the Buddhist practice is to calmly release them. Buddhism focuses on release from suffering through meditation.

Buddhism questions the emotions that make forgiveness necessary. 

"If we haven’t forgiven, we keep creating an identity around our pain, and that is what is reborn. That is what suffers."

Buddhism emphasizes *mettā* (loving kindness), *karuṇā* (compassion), *mudita* (joy), and *upekkhā* (equanimity), as ways to avoid resentments in the first place. These ideas help to understand suffering in the world, both our own suffering and the suffering of others.

### Hinduism
Forgiveness is one of the six cardinal virtues of Hinduism. A person who does not forgive carries  of bad memories, negative feelings, and unresolved emotions that affect the present as well as the future. In Hinduism, one must forgive others, and one must also seek forgiveness for wronging someone else.

Hindu epics and  literature also discuss forgiveness. For example:

"Forgiveness is virtue; forgiveness is sacrifice; forgiveness is the Vedas; forgiveness is the Shruti; ... forgiveness is holiness; and by forgiveness ... the universe is held together." —Mahabharata, Book 3, Vana Parva, Section XXIX

"Righteousness is the one highest good, forgiveness is the one supreme peace, knowledge is one supreme contentment, and benevolence, one sole happiness." —Mahabharata, Book 5, Udyoga Parva, Section XXXIII

In Hinduism, you seek forgiveness from those you have wronged, and from society at large through charity, purification, fasting, rituals, and meditation. Forgiveness in Hinduism does not require that a person make peace with their offender and it does not rule out reconciliation in some situations. Forgiveness in Hindu philosophy is being compassionate, tender, kind and letting go of the harm or hurt caused by someone or something else. Forgiveness is essential for one to free oneself from  thoughts, and being able to focus on blissfully living a moral and ethical life (*dharmic* life).

### Jainism
In Jainism, forgiveness is one of the main virtues that needs to be d by the Jains. Forgiveness (or *kṣamāpanā*) forms part of one of the ten s of *dharma*. Jain texts quote Māhavīra on forgiveness:

By practicing *prāyaṣcitta* (repentance), a soul gets rid of sins, and commits no transgressions; he who correctly practises *prāyaṣcitta* gains the road and the reward of the road, he wins the reward of good conduct. By begging forgiveness he obtains happiness of mind; thereby he acquires a kind disposition towards all kinds of living beings; by this kind disposition he obtains purity of character and freedom from fear.— Māhavīra in *Uttarādhyayana Sūtra* 29:17–18

In the Jain prayer *pratikramana*, Jains repeatedly seek forgiveness from various creatures — even from beings like plants and microorganisms that they may have harmed while eating and working.

I ask pardon of all creatures, may all creatures pardon me.
May I have friendship with all beings and enmity with none.

In their daily prayers, Jains seek forgiveness from all creatures:

I seek forgiveness from all those living beings which I may have tortured while walking, coming and going, treading on living organism, seeds, green grass, dew drops, ant hills, moss, live water, live earth, spider web and others. I seek forgiveness from all these living beings, be they — one sensed, two sensed, three sensed, four sensed or five sensed. Which I may have kicked, covered with dust, rubbed with ground, collided with other, turned upside down, tormented, frightened, shifted from one place to another or killed and deprived them of their lives. (By confessing) may I be absolved of all these sins.

Forgiveness is asked by uttering the phrase, *Micchāmi dukkaḍaṃ.* This phrase means, "May all the evil that has been done be fruitless." On *samvatsari*, Jains greet their friends and relatives saying *micchāmi dukkaḍaṃ* and seeking their forgiveness. Letters are sent and telephone calls are made to friends and relatives asking their forgiveness. There are no arguments or disputes after *samvatsari*.

## Related pages
* Acceptance
* Atonement
* Compassion
* Contrition
* Humility
* Pardon
* Regret
* Remorse
* Repentance

## References 
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