open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gabriel Jesus

**Gabriel Fernando de Jesus** (born 3 April 1997) is a Brazilian football player. He plays as a forward for Arsenal and the Brazil national team.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
:''Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Jesus goal.''
*Copa do Brasil: 2015

**Manchester City**
*Premier League: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22
*FA Cup: 2018–19
*EFL Cup: 2017–18, 2019–20, 2020–21
*FA Community Shield: 2018, 2019
*UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2020–21

**Brazil U23**
*Olympic Gold Medal: 2016

**Brazil**
*Copa América: 2019

**Individual**
*Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Best Newcomer: 2015
*Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Best Player: 2016
*Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year: 2016
*Bola de Prata: 2016
*South American Team of the Year: 2016

## References
1992–93 Austrian Cup

The **1992-93 Austrian Cup** was  Austria's nationwide football cup competition. FK Austria Wien were the defending champions.
## Second round
*First round with teams from the first and  second league

## Round of 32
## Round of 16 
## Quarter-finals 
## Semi-finals 
## Final 
***SK Rapid Wien:**
Michael Konsel - Robert Pecl - Patrick Jovanovic - Michael Hatz - Franz Weber - Franz Blizenec - Sergej Mandreko - Dietmar Kühbauer - Karl Brauneder - Gerhard Rodax -  Jan Åge Fjørtoft coach: August Starek
* **FC Wacker Innsbruck:**
Milan Oraze - Michael Streiter - Harald Schneider - Andrzej Lesiak - Helmut Lorenz - Manfred Linzmaier - Michael Baur - Heinz Peischl - Robert Wazinger - Vaclav Danek - Christoph Westerthaler coach:  Werner Schwarz
## Top goalscorers
## References
Manizales

**Manizales** is a city in Colombia. It is the capital of Caldas Department. About 430,000 people live there. The city is known for the production of Colombian coffee and is near the volcano Nevado del Ruiz.

Manizales was founded on October 12, 1849.

## References
Cornufer wuenscheorum

***Cornufer wuenscheorum*** is a frog. It lives in the mountains in the middle of Yapen Island in Indonesia.

## First paper
*

## References
Josef Blum

**Josef  Blum** (4 February   1898 - 18 October  1956 ) was an Austrian football player and  coach.  He played as defender for Nußdorfer AC and First Vienna FC. He was player and captain of the Austrian Wunderteam in the early 1930s.
## Career
Josef Blum began his career in 1913 at Nußdorfer AC. In 1918 he moved to the then second division club First Vienna FC. The same season they were promoted to the First division. Blum celebrated great successes as a player with the Vienna. In 1929 and 1930 he won the Austrian Cup with his club, in 1931 he was Austrian champion and winner of the Mitropapokal and in 1933 again champion.
## International career
Blum made his debut for the Austrian national team on 7 November 1920  in a 2-1 win over Hungary in Budapest. From 1920 to 1932 he made a total of 51 appearances in the national team. He was its undisputed captain for twelve years. At the first game of the miracle team on16 May 1931 against Scotland, Josef Blum was already 33 years old. Josef Blum played his last game in the national team on 24 April 1932 in Vienna in an 8-2 triumph over Hungary. Overall he played 51 matches and scored three goals.
## International statistics
:''Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Blum goal.*

## Manager career
After his active career as a soccer player he coached Wiener Austria, Racing Strasbourg, First Vienna FC, Wiener Sport-Club and SV Kapfenberg. In 1933, in his very first year, he celebrated his greatest successes as a coach with Austria. They won the Vienna Cup and the Mitropapokal.
## Honours
;as player
* 2 × Austrian champion: 1931, 1933 
* 2 × Austrian Cup: 1929, 1930 
* 1 × Mitropacup: 1931 (Vienna)
;as manager
* 1 × *Austrian Cup'': 1933 (Austria)
* 1 × Mitropacup: 1933 (Austria)
* 1 × Coupe de France: Finalist

## References
Alexander Jagiellon

**Alexander Jagiellon** (Polish: *Aleksander Jagiellończyk*, Lithuanian: *Aleksandras Jogailaitis*; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland. He was the 4th son of Casimir V Jagiellon. He was Elected grand duke of Lithuania on the death of his father (1492) and king of Poland on the death of his brother John II Albert.
Statutory Maternity Pay

**Statutory Maternity Pay** (SMP) is a Social Security benefit in the United Kingdom. It is paid by employers to their employees when they are off work because of pregnancy.

The mother must have been working for the same employer for six months continuously in the week 14 weeks before the baby is due.  For the last eight weeks of that time they must have been getting at least enough to pay National Insurance Contributions.

For the first six weeks they get 90% of their normal pay. Then for 33 weeks they get £156.66 a week or 90% of their normal pay if that is less. 

People may get Universal Credit at the same time. Maternity Allowance is usually paid to working women who do not get Statutory Maternity Pay.

## References
Hethum I of Armenia

**Hethum I** (Armenian: Հեթում Ա; 1213 – 21 October 1270) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270. He was the son of Constantine of Baberon (d. 1263) and Princess Alix of Lampron . Hethum was the founder of the dynasty which bears his name: the Hethumids. It is also known as the House of Lampron.
E-Bow the Letter

"**E-Bow the Letter**" is a 1996 song by R.E.M. and featuring the backing vocals by Patti Smith. It is the first single from their 10th studio album *New Adventures in Hi-Fi*. It went to the top 10 in Iceland, the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland and Norway. It went to number 49 in the United States.

## Track listings
All songs were written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe, except where noted.
* **US CD, cassette, and 7-inch single**
:**UK cassette single**
# "E-Bow the Letter" (Seattle studio) – 5:22 (5:24 on UK version)
# "Tricycle" (St. Louis soundcheck) – 1:58 (1:59 on UK version)

* **US 12-inch and maxi-CD single**
:**UK and European CD single**
# "E-Bow the Letter" (Seattle studio) – 5:22 (5:24 on UK version)
# "Tricycle" (St. Louis soundcheck) – 1:58 (1:59 on UK version)
# "Departure" (Rome soundcheck) – 3:35
# "Wall of Death" (Athens studio)  – 3:07

* **Australian CD single**
# "E-Bow the Letter" – 5:24
# "Tricycle" – 1:59
# "Departure" (live) – 3:35
# "Wall of Death"  – 3:07

## References
Maternity Allowance

**Maternity Allowance** is a United Kingdom social security benefit for women who work but cannot get Statutory Maternity Pay.  It can be paid from 11th week before the baby is due.  It is paid by the Department for Work and Pensions. 

It is paid to women who have worked and earned at least £30 a week for at least 26 weeks in the 66 weeks before the baby is due.  They can also get it if they have worked with a partner who is self employed  in the 26 weeks in the 66 weeks before the baby is due. 

It is £156.66 a week or 90% of average weekly earnings (whatever is less). It is paid for up to 39 weeks and is not taxed or means-tested.
## References
Bootie Call

"**Bootie Call**" is a 1998 song by band All Saints and is the fourth single from their debut album. It topped the single charts in the United Kingdom and went to the top ten in the Netherlands, Ireland and Iceland and top 40 in Belgium and Sweden.

## Track listings
## References
Electrolite

"**Electrolite**" is a 1996 song by R.E.M. and is the third single from their 10th studio album *New Adventures in Hi-Fi*. It went to number 5 in Iceland, number 29 in the United Kingdom and number 96 in the United States.

## Track listing
All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe.
#"Electrolite"&nbsp;– 4:05
#"The Wake-Up Bomb" (Live)&nbsp;– 5:07
#"Binky the Doormat" (Live)&nbsp;– 5:01
#"King of Comedy" (808 State remix)&nbsp;– 5:36
Keith Thomson (sportsman)

**Keith Thomson** (26 February 1941, Methven – 26 January 2023, Christchurch) was a New Zealand cricketer and hockey player who played in the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. He played two tests in cricket and 28 tests in hockey.

## Other websites
* 
*
Hispanic America

The region known as **Hispanic America** (in Spanish called *Hispanoamérica* or *América Hispana*) and historically as Spanish America (*América Española*) during the Spanish colonization, is the part of the Americas that includes the Spanish-speaking countries and territories of North and South America. (It does not include the Portuguese-speaking country of Brazil and the French-speaking countries and territories of Haiti, French Guiana and of the Caribbean, which along with Hispanic America, make up Latin America.) In all of these countries, Spanish is the official language, sometimes sharing official status with one or more indigenous languages (such as Guaraní, Quechua, Aymara, or Mayan) or English (in Puerto Rico), and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.

## Countries and territories that make up Hispanic America 
*  Argentina
*  Bolivia
*  Chile
*  Colombia
*  Costa Rica
*  Cuba
*  Dominican Republic
*  Ecuador
*  El Salvador
*  Guatemala
*  Honduras
*  Mexico
*  Nicaragua
*  Panama
*  Paraguay
*  Peru
* 
*  Uruguay
*  Venezuela

## Related pages 
* Latin America (includes all Spanish, Portuguese and French-speaking countries and territories of North America and South America)

## Notes 
## References
Cornufer nakanaiorum

***Cornufer nakanaiorum*** is a frog. It lives in rainforests high in the Nakanai Mountains on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea.

The audult frog is 34.2 to 35.8 mm long from nose to rear end.

## References
Robert Creeley

**Robert White Creeley** (May 21, 1926 – March 30, 2005) was an American poet and teacher.

Creeley was born in West Acton, Massachusetts. His father was a doctor who died when Creeley was very young. An accident caused him to lose his left eye before he was five years old.

In 1943, he started at Harvard University. He left Harvard to serve in the American Field Service in Burma and India in 1944–1945. His first poem was printed at Harvard in 1946.

In 1954 the poet Charles Olson asked Creeley to come and teach at Black Mountain College in North Carolina. Creeley would also edit the *Black Mountain Review*.

At Black Mountain and later, Creeley connected with other poets who shared ideas about poetry. These others included Allen Ginsberg, Denise Levertov, Robert Duncan, Kenneth Rexroth, and Philip Whalen.

Creeley won many awards. He received the Lannan Lifetime Achievement Award, the Bollingen Prize, the Frost Medal, a National Endowment for the Arts grant, and a Rockefeller Foundation grant. He was Professor of Poetry and Humanities at the State University of New York, Buffalo. And he was the New York State poet from 1989 to 1991.

## Books
**The Gold Diggers and Other Stories* (1961)
**For Love: Poems 1950–1960* (1962)
**The Island* (1963)
**The Finger* (1968)
**Later* (1979)
**The Collected Poems of Robert Creeley, 1945–1975* (1982)
**Mirrors* (1983)
**Memory Gardens* (1986)
**Selected Poems 1945–1990* (1991)
**Echoes* (1994)
**Life & Death* (1998)
**Just in Time: Poems 1984–1994* (2001)   
**If I Were Writing This* (2003)

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
## Other websites
*Robert Creeley at PennSound
Emiliano Martínez

**Damián Emiliano Martínez Romero** (born 2 September 1992), also known as **Dibu**, is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for  club Aston Villa and the Argentina national team. Known as a specialist in saving penalty kicks, Martínez is widely regarded as one of the best goalkeepers in the world.

Martínez trained at Independiente's youth ranks before moving to Premier League club Arsenal in 2010. At Arsenal, he initially served as understudy, being loaned to various clubs, before breaking into the starting line-up in 2019, featuring in the Premier League and helping the club win a FA Cup and FA Community Shield. In September 2020, Martínez moved to fellow Premier League club Aston Villa in a transfer worth £20&nbsp;million. In his first season at the club, he kept a club-record fifteen clean sheets in the Premier League.

Martínez represented Argentina in junior international matches from 2009 to 2011, playing on under-17 and under-20 levels. He earned his first senior cap for the Argentina in 2021 and won the 2021 Copa América with the team, receiving the Golden Glove award. Martínez went on to win the 2022 FIFA World Cup with Argentina, again being voted best goalkeeper of the tournament, and the 2024 Copa América, where he was awarded the Golden Glove a third time. He was also named The Best FIFA Goalkeeper a record two times in 2022 and 2024, and received the Yashin Trophy, also a record two times, in 2023 and 2024.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## Honours
**Arsenal**
*FA Cup: 2019–20
*FA Community Shield: 2014, 2015, 2020

**Argentina**
*FIFA World Cup: 2022
*Copa América: 2021
*CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions: 2022

**Individual**
* Yashin Trophy: 2023
* The Best FIFA Men's Goalkeeper: 2022
*FIFA World Cup Golden Glove: 2022
*Copa América Golden Glove: 2021
*Aston Villa Player of the Season: 2020–21
*Copa América Team of the Tournament: 2021

## References
## Other websites 
*
Balsareny

**Balsareny** is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the valley of the river Llobregat, with its typical forests of Aleppo pines. It is connected by road (BP-4313) with Súria and Avinyó.
John Irving

**John Winslow Irving** (born John Wallace Blunt Jr.; March 2, 1942) is an American-Canadian novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter.

Irving was born in Exeter, New Hampshire. His parents divorced before he was born. His name was changed when his mother married again. His step-father was a teacher at Phillips Exeter Academy. When he graduated from there, Irving went to the University of Pittsburgh. After one year there, he went to study in Vienna, Austria. He came back to the United States to study at the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop. One of his teachers there was Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.. In Iowa, he wrote his first novel, *Setting Free the Bears*.

He became well-known in 1978 when *The World According to Garp* came out. It was a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction in 1979. In 1999 he won an Academy Award for his screenplay of his novel *The Cider House Rules*. In 2018, he won the Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award.

## Books
**Setting Free the Bears* (1968) 
**The Water-Method Man* (1972) 
**The 158-Pound Marriage* (1974)
**The World According to Garp* (1978) 
**The Hotel New Hampshire* (1981) 
**The Cider House Rules* (1985) 
**A Prayer for Owen Meany* (1989)
**A Son of the Circus* (1994)
**Trying to Save Piggy Sneed* (1996) 
**A Widow for One Year* (1998) 
**The Fourth Hand* (2001)
**Until I Find You* (2005) 
**Last Night in Twisted River* (2009) 
**In One Person* (2012) 
**Avenue of Mysteries* (2015) 
**The Last Chairlift* (2022)

## References
Blanes

**Blanes** is a municipality of 40,119 people (2021). It is in the province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain. It is a popular tourist town in the Costa Brava.
Robert the Strong

**Robert the Strong** (French: *Robert le Fort*, c. 830 – 866) was the father of two kings of West Francia: Odo (or Eudes) and Robert I of France. His family is named after him and called the Robertians. In 853, he was named Missus dominicus by Charles the Bald, king of West Francia. Robert the Strong was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and ancestor of all of the Capetian dynasty.
Means test

A **means test** is a check that people are poor enough to get help. Social security, education and healthcare are often free only to people who can show that they are poor.

Poverty is generally judged in a family or household. The members are expected to support each other. There may be tests both of regular income and of capital. People who are thought to be deserving are more likely to be helped without a means test.  

Means testing can be found in ancient Rome, where 200,000 adult male citizens who passed the test were given cheap grain.

The English Poor Laws gave relief to people who were destitute. Destitution was not defined in the law.  In workhouses the rule was that conditions in workhouses had to be worse than conditions available outside. This was to stop people choosing not to help themselves. The National Assistance Act 1948 gave help to people over 16, not in full time work, "who are without resources to meet their requirements, or whose resources must be supplemented in order to meet their requirements." The National Assistance Board made rules about resources and requirements but they were not public. From 1966 there was Supplementary Benefit. The rules were very detailed and public. From 1966 there was Income Support, which was simpler but still public. All these benefits were stopped if a person did more than a very small amount of work.

The development of National Insurance meant that fewer people had to claim means tested benefits. Means testing can be seen as rewarding people for being poor. More recently various ideas have been suggested to reward people for working, even if they cannot do much work. Basic income is one. 

In the United Kingdom there has been a shift towards more means-tested benefits and away from those based on National Insurance.

## References
Jobseeker's Allowance

'''Jobseeker's Allowance''' (JSA) is a Social Security benefit in the United Kingdom for people who are unemployed.

Unemployment Benefit was started in 1911 by the National Insurance Act 1911 for people who had paid National Insurance contributions.  This was the first legal insurance scheme against unemployment in the world. At first it was only for people in a few industries like engineering and ship building. From 1920 it covered more workers. From 1947 it covered everyone.  In 1996 it was changed to Jobseeker's Allowance.

To make a claim people must show that they are actively seeking work by filling in a Jobseeker's Agreement form and attending a New Jobseeker interview. They must also go to a Jobcentre Plus every two weeks to "sign on", that is, to say that they are still actively seeking work. 

Payment can be stopped (sanctioned) if the person is thought not to be doing their best to find a job.  The system of sanctions makes little difference to job finding efforts, but is very damaging especially to disabled people and people bringing up children on their own.  

Payment is £61.05 a week for people under 25 and £77 a week for people over 25.  It stops after 182 days. 

When it started there was a means tested Jobseeker's Allowance but it was stopped in 2022.  Now people can claim Universal Credit if they do not qualify or if the benefit is not enough for them to live on.

## References
Kukrit Pramoj

**Kukrit Pramoj** was a novelist and former prime minister of Thailand.

He is famous in Thailand for being a writer. His novel *Four Reigns*, was published as a serial in his newspaper *Siam Rat* from 1951 to 1952.

## Works that he did write
### Novels
* *Sam Kok Chabap Nai Thun* (1951)
* *Four Reigns*; The Thai novel came out in 1953, *Si Phaendin*, but it was first printed as a serial in a newspaper from 1951 to 1952. In 1981, the English translation was published; translator: Tulachandra
* *Phai Daeng* (1954); *Red Bamboo* (1961) is the English version.
* *Su Si Thai Hao* (1957)
* *Jew* (1967)
* *Kawao Thi Bang Phleng* (1989)
** Based on John Wyndham's 1957 science fiction novel *The Midwich Cuckoos*. Adapted into a film of the same name in 1994.
* *Lai Chiwit*
** Translated in English as *Many Lives* in 1996
* *Khun Chang Khun Phaen* (1989)

### Plays
* *Rashomon*; It was made from a Japanese movie, *Rashomon*.

### Collected short stories and essays
* *Phuean Non* (เพื่อนนอน; short stories, 1952) 
** "Mom" (มอม, published individually in 2011) 
* *Sapphehera Khadi* (สัพเพเหระคดี) 

### Non-fiction
* *Phama Sia Mueang* (พม่าเสียเมือง; 1967) , 
* *Huang Mahannop* (ห้วงมหรรณพ; 1959) 
* *Chak Yipun* (ฉากญี่ปุ่น; 1962) 
* *Mueang Maya* (เมืองมายา; 1965) 
* *Khon Rak Ma* (คนรักหมา; 1967) 
* *Wai Run* (วัยรุ่น; 1980) 
* *Thammakhadi* (ธรรมคดี; 1983) 
* *Khrong Kraduk Nai Tu* (โครงกระดูกในตู้) 
* *Chao Lok* (เจ้าโลก) 
* *Kritsadaphinihan An Bot Bang Mi Dai* (กฤษฎาภินิหารอันบดบังมิได้) , 
* *Chang Nai Chiwit Khong Phom* (ช้างในชีวิตของผม) 
* *Phra Phutthasatsana Kap Khuekrit* (พระพุทธศาสนากับคึกฤทธิ์) 
* *Kho Khit Rueang Koet Kae Chep Tai* (ข้อคิดเรื่อง เกิด แก่ เจ็บ ตาย) 
* *Songkhram Phio* (สงครามผิว) 
* *Thok Khamen* (ถกเขมร) 
* *Banthoeng Roeng Rom* (บันเทิงเริงรมย์) 
* *Rueang Kham Khan* (เรื่องขำขัน) 
* *Kep Lek Phasom Noi* (เก็บเล็กผสมน้อย) 
* *Klai Rok* (ไกลโรค) 
* *Khon Khong Lok* (คนของโลก) 
* *Chom Suan* (ชมสวน) 
* *Talat Nat* (ตลาดนัด) 
* *Tham Haeng Ariya* (ธรรมแห่งอริยะ) 
* *Nam Phrik* (น้ำพริก) 
* *Beng Hek Phu Thuk Kluen Thang Pen* (เบ้งเฮ็ก ผู้ถูกกลืนทั้งเป็น; 2001 [Revised]) 
* *Arokhaya* (อโรคยา) 
* *Sappha Sat* (สรรพสัตว์) 
* *Khon Khong Lok* (คนของโลก; 1967) 
* *Farang Sakdina* (1957-1958)
*  *M. R. Kukrit Pramoj, His Wit and Wisdom (Writings, Speeches, Interviews)* 1983.  Compiled by Vilas Manivat, Edited by Steve Van Beek.  Editions Duang Kamol.  
* *The King of Siam Speaks*, by Seni Pramoj and Kukrit Pramoj 

### Translations
* *Jonathan Livingston Seagull* by Richard Bach, translated as *Jonathan Livingston Nang Nuan* (จอนะธัน ลิวิงสตัน นางนวล; 1973)

## References
Follow the Call

***Follow the Call*** is the debut studio album by Britt Nicole. The album was released on January 10, 2003.

## Track listing
# "Follow the Call" – 3:07
# "Why?" – 3:12
# "Peace" – 3:15
# "Buses and Trains" – 3:42
# "What They Say" – 2:50
# "Simply Because" – 2:38
# "I Will Obey" – 3:22
# "He Died" – 3:32
# "Come to Christ" – 3:31

## References
Particle Man

"**Particle Man**" is a song by alternative rock band They Might Be Giants. It was released in 1990. The song is the seventh track on the band's third album, *Flood*. It has become one of the band's most popular songs. The song was made by John Linnell and John Flansburgh.

They Might Be Giants' YouTube account has the user name "ParticleMen", which is from the song title.

## Lyrics 
The song describes four different "men": Particle Man, who is "not important"; Triangle Man, who fights Particle Man and wins; Universe Man, the size of the universe, and has a watch with hands for different times ("He’s got a watch with a minute hand, a millennium hand, and an eon hand"); and Person Man, who lives in a garbage can, and who is also defeated by Triangle Man.

The song's author, John Linnell, said that there was not a meaning to "Particle Man".

## Video 
"Particle Man" was made into an animated music video on the Warner Bros. animated series *Tiny Toon Adventures*. In the music video, a duck is both Particle Man and Person Man (Person Man being Particle Man’s secret identity). The other characters are featured as big wrestlers. This music video for "Particle Man" showed young fans the band.

## References 
## Other websites 
* "" on This Might Be A Wiki
It's Raining Again

"'''It's Raining Again'*" is a 1982 song by English rock band Supertramp and taken from their 7th studio album *...Famous Last Words...''. It went to number 1 in France, number 2 in Switzerland, number 3 in Germany, number 4 in Canada, number 6 in the Netherlands, Norway and South Africa, number 7 in Austria and number 11 in Australia and the United States.

## Track listings
### 7-inch vinyl
## References
Hi Ho Silver Lining

**"Hi Ho Silver Lining"** is a 1967 song by band The Attack and failed to chart.

## Jeff Beck version
A few days later it was covered by English singer Jeff Beck as his debut single and number 4 in New Zealand, number 12 in the Netherlands, number 14 in the United States, number 17 in Ireland and number 25 in Australia.

### Formats and track listings
**1967 7" single** (UK/Holland: Columbia DB 8151, New Zealand: Columbia DNZ 10497, Portugal: Columbia 8E 006-93925)
*A.  "Hi Ho Silver Lining" (English, Weiss) 2:53
*B.  "Beck's Bolero" (Page) 2:52
Sivananda (yoga teacher)

**Sivananda** was a yoga teacher from Bangladesh who claims to be born on 8 August 1896. On March 21 2022, he was awarded the Padma Shri. He died on 3 May 2025 at the claimed age of 128.

## Bio
Sivananda is alleged to have been born on August 8, 1896, although this has not been independently verified. Indian media have taken his claimed date of birth at face value but credible sources supporting/contravening the same are lacking. He was born in Sylhet District of Bengal Presidency of British India (present-day Sylhet Division of Bangladesh).

His parents lived in extreme poverty and even had to beg for their living. His sister, mother, and father all died within a month of each other when he was just six years old. Then he travelled to Kashi from Bengal and began serving there. Swami Sivananda mastered yoga and meditation after receiving his education from Guru Omkarananda.

For over three decades, he taught yoga on the banks of river Ganga in Varanasi.
Child Poverty Action Group

The **Child Poverty Action Group** (CPAG) is a charity based in London that works to alleviate poverty and social exclusion.  It was set up in 1965.  Its first campaigns were around what were then called Family Allowances.   It produces reports about poverty and children. 

Frank Field was Director of the Group from 1969–1979. Ruth Lister was director from 1979-1987.

It every year it produces books about the British social security system. They used to be called the  *National Welfare Benefits Handbook* and now the  *Welfare Benefits and Tax Credits Handbook.*  2022 was the 24th with that name.

It takes test cases to court, trying to change the law. 

There is a group in New Zealand with the same name.

## References
## Other websites 
*
Tavullia

**Tavullia** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Italian region Marche.
To Be One With You

***To Be One with You*** is the first studio album by Josh Klinghoffer. He used the name Pluralone when he released it. The album was released on November 22, 2019. Many other musicians are on the album. People from Red Hot Chili Peppers, such as Flea and Jack Irons, helped with the music on it. Other musicians on the album are Eric Avery, Eric Gardner and Clint Walsh.

The album had two singles. Three weeks after the album was released, Klinghoffer said he was leaving Red Hot Chili Peppers. This was because John Frusciante was joining the band again.

## Track listing 
## References
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

**University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust** is an NHS trust based in London.  It runs University College Hospital,  Eastman Dental Hospital, the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine and the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital.

## References
People Get Ready

"**People Get Ready**" is a 1965 song by The Impressions. It is the title track from their fourth studio album of the same name. It went to number 14 in the United States. It was covered by Jeff Beck and Rod Stewart in 1985. It went to number 23 in Australia and number 48 in the United States.

## References
NHS trust

**NHS trusts** were started in 1990 by Margaret Thatcher's government. The idea was to bring a market into the National Health Service in England and Wales.  They took the place of District health authorities which had managed the services before. 

Each trust has a board with managers. After 2002 many of them became foundation trusts.  They had more freedom.  The plan was that they would all become foundation trusts, but that hasnt happened.  

In 2015 there were 470 trusts.  They have been joined to make bigger organizations. In April 2020 there were 217 trusts, with about 800,000 employees.   There are only 3 trusts in NHS Wales.  In Northern Ireland there are 5 health and social care trusts. 

After 2017 there was less talk about markets in the NHS. Integrated care systems were started. 

About 65% of a trust's money goes on paying the workers.   

## References
Operating theater

An **operating theater** is a place within a hospital where surgeons do operations in a germ-free environment. It is referred as "*theater"* because earlier there would be seats for medical students and spectators to watch the activity of the surgeons.
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust

**Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust** is an NHS trust which operates 10 hospitals in Greater Manchester. It is the largest NHS trust in the United Kingdom. It was formed on 1 October 2017. It had a budget of £1.6 billion and 21,945 employees in 2018/9. Mark Cubbon became the head from 2023. He used to work for NHS England, and started his career as a nurse in Greater Manchester before that. Sir Mike Deegan retired after doing the job for more than 20 years, 

The 10 hospitals are:

* Manchester Royal Infirmary
* Manchester Royal Eye Hospital
* Royal Manchester Children's Hospital
* Saint Mary's Hospital
* University Dental Hospital of Manchester
* Wythenshawe Hospital
* North Manchester General Hospital
* Trafford General Hospital
* Withington Community Hospital
* Altrincham Hospital
## References
North Manchester General Hospital

**North Manchester General Hospital** (NMGH) is a large NHS hospital in Crumpsall, North Manchester. 

The buildings are not in good condition.  There is a plan to rebuild the hospital.  It was one of the 40 new hospitals Boris Johnson promised in the 2019 Conservative election manifesto. In January 2023 the managers complained that building had not started. Delay was putting the cost up.  The cost had gone up  30% to £976 million. The ceiling had fallen down so the operating theatres had to be closed for 6 weeks. 

In November 2022  a new garden for patients and staff was opened at the Intensive Care Unit. 

## History 
Springfield Hospital was a workhouse. It opened in 1853. It was called the Crumpsall Institution. It was for people who were mentally ill.  Later it was called  Park House.   

Delaunays Hospital was also  built as a workhouse. It opened in 1869.  

Crumpsall Hospital was built for the Manchester Union Workhouse. It opened in 1876. It had 1,440 beds in 1928 with 600 more in the  mental department. 

All three were taken over by the National Health Service in 1947.  They were joined together to make  North Manchester General Hospital in 1977.   Since 2020 it is managed by Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust.

## References
N. Scott Momaday

**Navarre Scott Momaday** (born February 27, 1934) is a Kiowa novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet.

Momaday was born in Lawton, Oklahoma. He is a Native American of the Kiowa people. His early life and education happened on Navajo, Apache, and Jemez Pueblo reservations. He went to college at the University of New Mexico. He got his masters and doctoral degrees at Stanford University.

In 1969 his first novel, *House Made of Dawn*, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. He received the National Medal of Arts in November 2007. In 2019 he was given the Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award from the Dayton Literary Peace Prize. That award said, "Momaday speaks for the Earth, [seeing] the natural world as a sacred space and [telling] us that humans are a part of, not apart from that world."

Momaday's writing often mixes up fiction, poetry, and non-fiction. In *The Way to Rainy Mountain*, he uses "Kiowa tribal and private stories, history and descriptions of the land, and drawings."

His books have been translated into French, German, Italian, Russian, Swedish, Japanese, and Spanish.

## Books
**The Journey of Tai-me* (1967), folklore
**House Made of Dawn* (1968), novel
**The Way to Rainy Mountain* (1969), folklore
**The Gourd Dancer* (1976), poetry
**The Names: A Memoir* (1976), memoir
**The Ancient Child* (1989), novel
**In the Presence of the Sun* (1992), stories and poetry
**The Native Americans: Indian County* (1993)
**Circle of Wonder: A Native American Christmas Story* (1994), children's book
**The Man Made of Words: Essays, Stories, Passages* (1997), stories and essays
*''In the Bear's House* (1999), mixed media
**Four Arrows & Magpie: A Kiowa Story'' (2006), children's book
**Three Plays: The Indolent Boys, Children of the Sun, and The Moon in Two Windows* (2007), plays
**Again the Far Morning: New and Selected Poems* (2011), poetry
**The Death of Sitting Bear* (2020), poetry
**Earth Keeper: Reflections on the American Land* (2020), poetry

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America
## References
John Crowe Ransom

**John Crowe Ransom** (April 30, 1888 – July 3, 1974) was an American poet, teacher, literary critic, and essayist.

Ransom was born in Pulaski, Tennessee. He graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1909. Then he went to Oxford University. He was teaching at Vanderbilt around 1915 when a group of students began talking about Ameican life and the writing of that time. This group of young poets, like Robert Penn Warren, Allen Tate, and others, started a magazine called *The Fugitive*. This began a new movement in Southern writing.

Ransom wrote poetry before 1927. After that, he wrote essays and books about the art of literature. His ideas were about the value of tradition. In 1937 he started teaching at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio. He started a literary magazine, *The Kenyon Review*. In 1941 he published essays about literature in his book *The New Criticism*. Many important poets were printed in *The Kenyon Review*. Some of the first ones were John Berryman, Dylan Thomas, Muriel Rukeyser, and Allen Tate. In time it printed poems by John Ashbery, James Dickey, Anthony Hecht, James Merrill, Theodore Roethke, Wallace Stevens, and William Carlos Williams.

## Books
**Poems About God* (1919)
**Chills and Fever* (1924)
**Grace after Meat* (1924)
**Two Gentlemen in Bonds* (1927)
*''The World's Body* (1938)
**The New Criticism* (1941).
**God Without Thunder: An Unorthodox Defense of Orthodoxy'' (1965)

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland)

**Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland)** is the healthcare system in Northern Ireland, It was set up in 1948 at the same time as the  National Health Service in Great Britain, It is different because it  covers social care as well as health care.  There are no prescription charges as there are in England.  

There are five health and social care trusts.  They run the hospitals, dentistry,  pharmacies and social care.   They started on 1 April 2007.

The six trusts are:

* Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
* Northern Health and Social Care Trust
* Northern Ireland Ambulance Service Health and Social Care Trust
* South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust
* Southern Health and Social Care Trust
* Western Health and Social Care Trust

There are about 350 GP practices in Northern Ireland.

The service in Northern Ireland is much worse than in the rest of the UK because of the political problems in the Northern Ireland Assembly. 

## References
Prescription charge

In the English National Health Service people between age 16 and 60 may have to pay a charge for prescribed medicine. The charge is  £9.35 for each one. People can get a certificate which lasts for 3 months for £30.25, or one which lasts a year for £108.10. 

In April 2023 a new charge was started for Hormone Replacement Therapy. The new HRT prepayment certificate costs £19.30 a year.  

People do not have to pay if they are:

* under 16,
* 16–18 and in full-time education,
* getting some means tested benefits
* over 60,
* women who are expecting or have had a baby in the previous 12 months.  They need a maternity exemption certificate.
* People who have a certificate (HC2) from the NHS Low Income Scheme. An HC3 certificate gives some help but not exemption from charges.

People who do not pay when they should can be punished.  They may have to pay more than £100.

## Medical exemption 
People with these conditions are given a medical exemption certificate.  They do not have to pay for any prescriptions,

* epilepsy needing continuous therapy
* a permanent fistula
* diabetes mellitus
* hyperthyroidism (also referred to as Graves' Disease, an autoimmune disorder)
* myxoedema which occurs in hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism
* hypoparathyroidism
* diabetes insipidus or hypopituitarism
* Addison's disease and other forms of hypoadrenalism
* myasthenia gravis
* any continuing physical disability which stops them going out alone
* undergoing treatment for cancer, including the effects of cancer, or the effects of current or previous cancer treatment.

In 2008 only 12% of patients in England had to pay.  The Prescription Charges Coalition campaigns for free prescriptions for everyone with a long term condition. The conditions which get free prescriptions had long-term life-saving medicine  in 1968, and it has not been changed since then. The prescription charges rules were called a "dog's dinner" by the Social Market Foundation. The National Pharmacy Association says the charges mean some people do not take their medicine.  They end up in hospital which costs more than the cost of a prescription.   Healthwatch England asked 2000 people about costs in December 2022. 10% said the increased cost of living meant they did not get their prescription. 

## History 
When the NHS started in 1947 all prescriptions were free. Charges were started in 1952. They stopped in 1965 and were started again in 1968. They were stopped in Wales in 2007, in Northern Ireland in 2010 and in Scotland in 2011. 

## References
Ray of Light (song)

"**Ray of Light**" is a 1998 song by American singer Madonna. It is the second single from her 7th studio album of the same name. It went to number 1 in Croatia, Greece and Spain, number 2 in the United Kingdom and Finland, number 3 in Canada, number 5 in Italy and the United States, number 6 in Australia and Hungary, number 9 in Iceland and New Zealand and number 16 in Ireland. It won 2 Grammy Awards in 1999 and was nominated for Song of the Year.

## Track listings and formats 
* **US 12-inch vinyl**
:A. "Ray of Light" (Sasha's Strip Down Mix)&nbsp; – 5:00
:B. "Ray of Light" (Orbit's Ultra Violet Mix)&nbsp; – 6:59

* **US 2× 12-inch vinyl**
:A1. "Ray of Light" (Sasha's Ultraviolet Mix)&nbsp; – 10:43
:A2. "Ray of Light" (Sasha's Strip Down Mix)&nbsp; – 5:00
:B1. "Ray of Light" (Victor Calderone Club Mix)&nbsp; – 9:29
:B2. "Ray of Light" (William Orbit Liquid Mix)&nbsp; – 8:06
:C1. "Ray of Light" (Sasha Twilo Mix)&nbsp; – 10:58
:C2. "Ray of Light" (Victor Calderone Drum Mix)&nbsp; – 5:26
:D1. "Ray of Light" (Orbit's Ultra Violet Mix)&nbsp; – 6:59
:D2. "Ray of Light" (Album Version)&nbsp; – 5:19

* **European 12-inch vinyl**
:A1. "Ray of Light" (Sasha's Ultraviolet Mix)&nbsp; – 10:43
:A2. "Ray of Light" (William Orbit Liquid Mix)&nbsp; – 8:06
:B1. "Ray of Light" (Victor Calderone Club Mix)&nbsp; – 9:29
:B2. "Ray of Light" (Album Version)&nbsp; – 5:19

* **European CD single**
# "Ray of Light" (Album Version)&nbsp; – 5:19
# "Has to Be" (Non-Album Track)&nbsp; – 5:15
# "Ray of Light" (Sasha's Ultraviolet Mix)&nbsp; – 10:43

* **US 7-inch vinyl; US, Australian, and Japanese CD single; UK cassette**
# "Ray of Light" (Album Version)&nbsp; – 5:19
# "Has to Be" (Non-Album Track)&nbsp; – 5:15

* **US, Australian, European, and Japanese maxi-CD; UK CD single 1**
# "Ray of Light" (Album Version)&nbsp; – 5:19
# "Ray of Light" (Sasha's Ultra Violet Mix)&nbsp; – 10:43
# "Ray of Light" (William Orbit Liquid Mix)&nbsp; – 8:06
# "Ray of Light" (Victor Calderone Club Mix)&nbsp; – 9:29

* **UK CD single 2**
# "Ray of Light" (Sasha's Twilo Mix)&nbsp; – 10:58
# "Ray of Light" (Sasha's Strip Down Mix)&nbsp; – 5:00
# "Ray of Light" (Victor Calderone Drum Mix)&nbsp; – 5:26
# "Ray of Light" (Orbit's Ultra Violet Mix)&nbsp; – 6:59

## References
Ta-Nehisi Coates

**Ta-Nehisi Paul Coates** (born September 30, 1975) is an American writer, journalist and graphic novelist.

Coates was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He went to Howard University in Washington, D. C.. After college he wrote for many different publications, including the *Village Voice*, *Time*, and *Entertainment Weekly*. He was a regular writer for *The Atlantic* from 2008 until 2018.

In 2014, Coates wrote an essay that was read and talked about by many people, “The Case for Reparations.” In it he gave reasons for why African Americans should be paid back in some way for their economic difficulties caused by slavery in the United States. 

In 2015, Coates' non-fiction book *Between The World And Me* won the National Book Award. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2019.

He wrote the 25 issues of the graphic novel *Black Panther (2016-2018)*.

## Books
**Asphalt Sketches* (1990)
**The Beautiful Struggle: A Father, Two Sons, and an Unlikely Road to Manhood* (2008)
**Between the World and Me: Notes on the First 150 Years in America* (2015)
**Black Panther (2016-2018)* 
**We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy* (2017)
**The Water Dancer* (2019)

## Reference
Mommy's Little Monster

'''Mommy's Little Monster'* may mean:
**Mommy's Little Monster'' (album)
*"Mommy's Little Monster" (*Gotham*)
NHS Low Income Scheme

Medical treatment is free in the National Health Service but there are some charges and costs. The Low Income Scheme is to help with these costs. 

There are charges for prescriptions, wigs and fabric supports (only in England), dentistry, sight tests, glasses and contact lenses.  It often costs money to  travel to a hospital.  

People who get means tested benefits mostly are exempt from these charges. People who have to pay can get a certificate.  An HC2 means they do not have to pay anything. An HC3 means they get some help.   

People who have more than £16,000 (£23,250 for people who live in a care home) cannot get a certificate.  

People who have a certificate, or are exempt from charges, can claim the cost of their travel to a hospital if they are sent there by a doctor. They normally claim at the hospital. They can get the cost of someone to come with them if they cannot travel alone. They can claim the cost of coming by car or taxi if they need one. They can claim a refund for what they paid for up to 3 months.Healthwatch England asked 2000 people in December 2022 about health costs. 10% said the increased cost of living meant they did not get their prescription. 15% did not go to the dentist.  

## References
Healthwatch England

**Healthwatch England** was set up in 2013.  It is part of the  Care Quality Commission.  Its job is to listen to NHS patients and people who use social care in England. There more than 150 local Healthwatches in England.  They give patients advice and try to make services better.  They can go into services to see what they are like.  

Louise Ansari is the national director.  

## References
Narendra Singh Negi

Narendra Singh Negi is a singer from Uttarakhand.

## Awards 
Narendra Singh Negi has been awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in Delhi on 9 April 2022.

## References
Care Quality Commission

The **Care Quality Commission (CQC)** is set up by the Department of Health and Social Care to check the quality of health and social care in England. It can go into hospitals, care homes, dentists,general practices and other care services, both public and private.   It was started in 2009. The organisations they check have to pay. 

Services are rated on a four point scale:  Outstanding,  Good, Requires improvement and Inadequate.  They are all listed on its website. 

## References
Bernard Longley

**Bernard Longley**  (born 5 April 1955) is an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was named the Archbishop of Birmingham on 1 October 2009, and installed on 8 December 2009. Bishop Bernard Longley was born in Manchester, and went to New College, Oxford. He was ordained Bishop and appointed as an Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of Westminster on 24 January 2003.

## References
Krøyer's deep sea angler fish

]]
'''Krøyer's deep sea angler fish'* (*Ceratias holboelli*) is a species of fish in the family Ceratiidae, the sea devils. This deep-sea anglerfish is found in all oceans, at depths of 0 to 4,400 m (0 to 14,436 ft), but mainly between 400 and 2,000 m (1,300 and 6,600 ft). 

Females typically are 77 cm (2.53 ft) long, but can reach 120 cm (3.9 ft). The much smaller males only reach 16 cm (6.3 in) and they are symbiotic, as they attach themselves to a female.

## Further reading 
* Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, *Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand*, (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) 

## References 
#Munroe, T.; Costa, M.; Kobyliansky, S.; Arnold, R. (2015). "*Ceratias holboelli*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2015**: e.T18127741A21910125. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T18127741A21910125.en. Retrieved 19 November2021.
#Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "*Ceratias holboelli''" in FishBase. January 2014 version.
Christian Pulisic

**Christian Mate Pulisic** (; , ; born September 18, 1998) is an American soccer player. He plays for Serie A club A.C. Milan and the United States national team. Pulisic is known for his dribbling abilities and explosive speed. Because of this, he has been given the nickname "Captain America" by fans and other players.

Pulisic began his career at German club Borussia Dortmund, where he quickly progressed through the team's youth academy, being in only 15 youth games. He was then promoted to the senior team in 2016, at the age of 17. He did not play a lot in his first season at the club, but then he started to play more games in the next season. He became a mainstay in Dortmund and won the 2016–17 DFB-Pokal. He finished second in the first Kopa Trophy which is given to the best player under age 21 in 2018.

In January 2019, Pulisic was transferred to Chelsea that costed $73 million (£57.6 million) making him the most expensive North American player of all time. He began playing for the club in the 2019–20 season. He became the youngest Chelsea player to score a hat-trick, at 21 years old.With Chelsea, he won the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League, 2021 UEFA Super Cup and 2021 FIFA Club World Cup, becoming the youngest Chelsea player and first American to score in the Champions League semi-finals and the first American to play in the Champions League final.

Pulisic played for the United States at the under-15 and under-17 levels, before making his senior national team debut in March 2016 at age 17. He is the youngest player ever to captain the United States national team in the modern era.

### International 
:*United States score listed first, score column indicates score after each Pulisic goal.*

## Honors 
**Borussia Dortmund U19**
*Under 19 Bundesliga: 2015–16

**Borussia Dortmund**
*DFB-Pokal: 2016–17; runner-up: 2015–16

**Chelsea**
*UEFA Champions League: 2020–21
*UEFA Super Cup: 2021; runner-up: 2019
*FIFA Club World Cup: 2021
*FA Cup runner-up: 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22
*EFL Cup runner-up: 2021–22

**United States U17**
*CONCACAF Under-17 Championship third place: 2015

**United States**
*CONCACAF Nations League: 2019–20, 2022–23, 2023–24
*CONCACAF Gold Cup runner-up: 2019

**Individual**
*U.S. Soccer Young Male Athlete of the Year: 2016
*U.S. Soccer Player of the Year: 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023
*UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2016
*U.S. Soccer Male Athlete of the Year: 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023
*CONCACAF Best XI: 2017
*Kopa Trophy runner-up: 2018
*CONCACAF Gold Cup Best Young Player: 2019
*CONCACAF Gold Cup Best XI: 2019
*CONCACAF Nations League Player of the Tournament: 2022–23
*CONCACAF Nations League Finals Best XI: 2021, 2023, 2024
*Serie A Player of the Month: December 2023

## Bibliography 
* 2022, C. Pulisic, D. Melamud, A. White, *Pulisic: My Journey So Far*, Published by Rizzoli. .

## References