open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gambling addiction

A **gambling addiction** is when someone is obsessed with gambling despite the negative consequences. Gambling addictions often puts the person in risk of losing everything. People with this illness often think about suicide more than the general population. Many people use gambling as a way to get away from their terrible lives and to gain satisfaction. In many ways, gambling addiction is similar to other addictions (such as the addiction to alcohol or the addiction to illegal drugs).

Someone with a gambling addiction often
* Needs to gamble with more and more money to satisfy themselves
* Has made repeated unsuccessful efforts to cut back
* Is always gambling
* Persists to win back their losses
* Has jeopardized or lost relationships
* Relies on others to provide money to provide financial support
* Neglect responsibilities
* Lie and hide gambling activities

Gambling addiction is a serious disease difficult to overcome. In most cases, it is treated through therapy, support groups, medications and counseling. In some cases, specific drugs can help. There is no definite cure. 

Research demonstrates how the brain can get addicted to gambling. There is also evidence older people are more likely to become gambling addicts.

Recently, the problem of gambling has become extremely important due to the ubiquitous distribution of cash slot machines, the opening of many casinos, as well as bookmakers (including online). All of them are beautifully designed, which enhances the suggestive effect of an easy winning opportunity in a short time and a constant desire to recoup and win more. Slot machines have long been widespread throughout the world. 

In the United States, according to R. Volberg (1996), the number of “problem players” - addictive gamblers so dependent on slot machines that their lives are completely subordinated to this passion - reaches 5% of the population. Data from other researchers (Ladouceur et al., 1999) indicate that in the first half of the 1990s alone, the number of problem players in Canada increased by more than 75%.

Covid-19 impacted gambling significantly. 68% of actively engaged gamblers have spent more money online since lockdown began. These frequent online gamblers are already vulnerable to addiction, and their behaviour in 2020 has been seriously impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. But, with 40% of the population experiencing a decrease in their disposable income, it’s possible that infrequent betters might look to online gambling as a quick solution for financial difficulty.  

## References
## Other websites
* Compulsive gambling
Yael Cohen Paran

**Yael Cohen-Paran**, Hebrew: יעל כהן-פארן , (born October 12, 1973) is an Israeli environmental activist and a politician. She is co-political leader of HaTnu'a HaYeruqa ("The Green Movement").

Cohen-Paran served in Unit 8200, the signal intelligence unit of the Israel Defense Forces. She studied physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, and also public policy at Tel Aviv University.

She was founder and president of the Israel Energy Forum, and participated in various United Nations Climate Change Conferences.

Later on she went into politics by becoming a member of HaTnu'a HaYeruqa. Due to the cooperation of this party with HaTnu'a and HaAvoda as The Zionist Union she became a Member of Knesset in 2015 and was a member until 2019.

## References 
* Bio at Knesset Website
Rorbas

**Rorbas** is a municipality in the district of Bülach in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It is in the lower Töss Valley.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website 
*
Green Party (Israel)

'''HaTnu'a HaYeruqa'*, Hebrew: התנועה הירוקה , meaning *The Green Movement'', is an Israeli political party.  

Its ideology is green, moderate left, and Zionist. 

Political leaders are Eran Ben-Yemini (not a Knesset member) and Yael Cohen-Paran.

HaTnu'a HaYeruqa was founded in 2008.

Number of seats in the 20th Knesset: 1.
HaTnu'a HaYeruqa is cooperating with HaAvoda ("The Labor") and HaTnu'a ("The Movement") as HaMahaneh HaTziyoni (*The Zionist Union*). Together they have 24 seats.
Masahide Ōta

was a Japanese academic and politician. He was governor of Okinawa Prefecture from 1990 until 1998. He was born in Kumejima, Okinawa.

Ōta died in Naha, Okinawa on 12 June 2017, his 92nd birthday, from respiratory failure caused by pneumonia.

## References
Samuel V. Wilson

Lieutenant General **Samuel Vaughan Wilson** (September 23, 1923 – June 10, 2017), aka "General Sam", was an American military person. He served as President of Hampden-Sydney College from 1992 through 2000 and as Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency from May 1976 through August 1977. He was born in Rice, Virginia.

Wilson died from lung cancer on June 10, 2017 at the age of 93.

## References
## Other websites
* Source material not otherwise credited or linked in this article was compiled in part from www.pamplin.net , Joe Galloway's January 7, 2004 article "General Sam, We Hardly Know Ye" available at www.military.com, the 1962 Counterinsurgency Symposium hosted by the Rand Corporation, available at www.rand.org, and www.IMDb.com.
* http://www.dia.mil/history/histories/Directors/bio_swilson.html(http://www.dia.mil/history/histories/Directors/bio_swilson.html)
Austin Deasy

**Austin Deasy** (26 August 1936 – 10 June 2017) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. He served as Minister for Agriculture from 1982 to 1987. He was a TD for the Waterford constituency from 1977 until his retirement in 2002.

Deasy died at University Hospital Waterford in Waterford, Ireland on 10 June 2017 at the age of 80.

## References
I Love It

"**I Love It**" is a song by Swedish DJ duo Icona Pop featuring vocals from British recording artist Charli XCX. It was released in May 2012 as a digital download in Sweden, where it peaked at number two on the singles chart. The song was added to their debut studio album, *Icona Pop*, as well as their EP *Iconic* and their debut international album, *This Is... Icona Pop*.

The song received positive reviews from music critics, and publications *Rolling Stone* and Pitchfork included it on their year-end lists for 2012. The song went on to become Icona Pop and Charli XCX's first US hit, peaking at number seven on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and was certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, denoting over 2 million copies sold in the United States. In June 2013, over a year after it was released elsewhere, the song charted at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart. It has gone on to sell 4.3 million certified downloads.

## References
Celtiberian Range

**Celtiberian Range** (in Spanish language: *Serranía Celtibérica*), also called **South Lapland** or **Spanish Lapland** (*Laponia del Sur* or *Laponia Española*), is the geographical term given to part of Spain due to its lower population and lack of infrastructure.

Its nomenclature comes from the Celtiberians, a pre-Roman tribe who lived in this area long ago.

## Geography 
It comprises an area of 63,098 km². Through the range are 1,632 municipalities among several provinces. All but the Valencian Community are landlocked.

It has a population of 503,566 inhabitants.

## References
Receptacle (botany)

In biology and botany, the **receptacle** is the swollen basal part of the flower. It can also be made as the top of the stalk or pedicel. When the stalk of the plant, the part which connects flower to the plant, gets flattened and the other parts of the flower including the 4 whorls (calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium) start, that flattened part is called the receptacle. It is the end part of the stalk or pedicel.

In some fruits like a strawberry, it is the thing that becomes the main fleshy edible part of the fruit. The fruit species, rubus, has a conical receptacle with a cluster of seeds (droplets) on top of it.

When a raspberry is picked, the receptacle gets separated from it, but it is just the opposite case in blackberry where it remains attached.     

In phycology, they are the structures at the end of the branches of algae mainly brown algae. There, they act as specialized structures having reproductive organs and also help in storage.
Mladá Boleslav

**Mladá Boleslav** (; ) is a city in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is on the left bank of the Jizera river about  northeast of Prague. The automobile company Škoda Auto has its main office in Mladá Boleslav.

## History
The city was founded in the second half of the 10th century by King Boleslav II as a royal castle. Because there already was a castle known as Boleslav near Prague, this new castle was named Mladá (young) to distinguish it from the older Boleslav, which became known in the 15th century as Stará Boleslav (Old Boleslav). The town received partial city rights in 1334 and 1436, becoming an important site on the road from Prague to northern Bohemia, Lusatia, and Brandenburg. In the 16th century the town was a leading centre of the Unitas Fratrum / Unity of the Brethren / Moravian Church, hosting the Brethren's bishop, Renaissance church, and printing house. After being re-Catholicized in the 17th century, the town's population declined.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
IPhone 7

The **iPhone 7** and **iPhone 7 Plus** are the tenth-generation smartphones sold by Apple Inc.  They were released on September 16, 2016.  They came after the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus.  The 7 and 7 Plus come in six colors:  matte black, gold, silver, rose gold, a new jet black finish (a shiny shade of black), and a red finish (released on March 21, 2017) to recognize Apple and Product Red's partnership in fundraising to fight AIDS over ten years.  Like previous iPhone models, the iPhone 7 has a screen size of 4.7″ (11.94 cm), while the Plus model has a screen size of 5.5″ (13.97 cm).

The most noticeable difference is the shape of the camera lens compared to older models.  The iPhone 7 has a larger round lens, while the 7 Plus has two lenses.  They are both water-resistant and meet IP67 guidelines.  The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus use Apple's Lightning connector for charging and syncing.

The new Home button is also capacitive, meaning that it no longer "clicks" like previous Home buttons but senses pressure for actions like going to the Home screen, taking screenshots, using Touch ID, etc.

The iPhone 7 also no longer has a headphone jack. Accessories that would normally go into a headphone jack instead have to be plugged in to a special adapter.

## References
Walter Noll

**Walter Noll** (January 7, 1925 &ndash; June 6, 2017) was a German-born American mathematician, and Professor Emeritus at Carnegie Mellon University. He was best known for developing mathematical tools of classical mechanics and thermodynamics. He was born in Berlin, Germany.

Noll has served as a visiting professor at the Johns Hopkins University, the University of Karlsruhe, the Israel Institute of Technology, the École Polytechnique in Nancy, the University of Pisa, the University of Pavia, and the University of Oxford.

In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Noll died in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on June 6, 2017, aged 92.

## Books
*Noll, Walter and  Truesdell, Clifford (1965) *The Non-Linear Field Theories of Mechanics*. Springer-Verlag, New York. .
*Noll, Walter;  Coleman, B. D.; and Markovitz, H. (1966) *Viscometric Flows of Non-Newtonian Fluids, Theory and Experiment*. Springer-Verlag, New York. ASIN B0006BN90G.
*Noll, Walter (1974) *Foundations of Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Selected Papers*. Springer-Verlag, New York. .
*Noll, Walter (1987) *Finite-Dimensional Spaces: Algebra, Geometry, and Analysis, Vol. I*. Kluwer Academic Publishers. . A corrected version (2006) is published on Professor Noll's website.
*Noll, Walter (2004) *Five Contributions to Natural Philosophy*. Published on Professor Noll's website

## References
Great Flood of 1993

The **Great Flood of 1993** was a major natural disaster. It affected nine states, mostly between April and September 1993. It involved the Mississippi and Missouri rivers.

Storms with heavy rain began hitting the same locations over and over again. This pattern began repeating in late April and early May. It lasted until September in some areas. Eastern Iowa, Missouri and Illinois were especially hard-hit. 

The flood was the costliest in the history of the United States. Damage totaled $15 billion, although some estimates go as high as $20 billion.

There were thirty-two deaths because of the flood. Some estimates put the death toll at 50.

## References
Charles P. Thacker

**Charles Patrick "Chuck" Thacker** (February 26, 1943&nbsp;– June 12, 2017) was an American pioneer computer designer. He worked on the Xerox Alto, which is the first computer that used a mouse-driven Graphical User Interface. He was known for being the co-inventor of the ethernet.

Thacker died on June 12, 2017 from complications from esophageal cancer in Palo Alto, California at the age of 74.

## References
## Other websites
* Thacker biography, Microsoft
* An interview with Chuck Thacker
* IEEE John von Neumann Medal Recipients
* Chuck Thacker Attains Computing’s Peak
* Podcast interview with Chuck Thacker upon receipt of Turing Award by  , Stephen Ibaraki
Anthony Knockaert

**Anthony Patrick Knockaert** (born 20 November 1991) is a French professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Ligue 2 club Valenciennes.

## Career statistics
## Honours
**Guingamp**
*Championnat National third-place promotion: 2010–11

**Leicester City**
*Football League Championship: 2013–14

**Brighton & Hove Albion**
*EFL Championship runner-up: 2016–17

**Fulham**
*EFL Championship play-offs: 2020

**Individual**
*PFA Championship Team of the Year: 2016–17
*EFL Team of the Season: 2016–17
*EFL Championship Player of the Year: 2016–17
*Football League Championship Player of the Month: April 2016
*Premier League Goal of the Month: March 2019

## References
Josefina Villalobos

**Josefina Villalobos** (August 5, 1924 &ndash; February 24, 2025) was an American-born Colombian-Ecuadorian public servant. She was the First Lady of Ecuador serving from August 10, 1992 through August 10, 1996 when her husband, Sixto Durán Ballén, served as President of Ecuador.

Ballén and Villalobos had eight children. After Ballén left office, the two retired and lived in Quito, Ecuador. On November 15, 2016, Ballén died at the age of 95.

Villalobos died on February 24, 2025 in Quito, Ecuador at the age of 100.

## References
## Other websites
Frank Windsor

**Frank Windsor** (born **Frank W. Higgins**; 12 July 1928 &ndash; 30 September 2020) was an English actor, mainly on television. He was born in Walsall, Staffordshire. His career began in 1959. His most famous role was as Detective Sergeant John Watt in *Z-Cars* from 1962–65. He also starred in its spin-offs *Softly, Softly* and *Softly, Softly: Taskforce* from 1966–76.

He had regular roles in the BBC drama *Casualty*; the ITV drama *Peak Practice*; he played Major Charlie Grace in *EastEnders* (1992); and appeared twice in *Doctor Who*.

He died on 30 September 2020 at the age of 92.

## Movies
* *This Sporting Life* (1963)
* *Spring and Port Wine* (1969)
* *Sunday Bloody Sunday* (1971)
* *Assassin* (1973)
* *Barry McKenzie Holds His Own* (1974)
* *Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?* (1978)
* *The London Connection* (1979)
* *Coming Out of the Ice* (1982)
* *The Shooting Party* (1985)
* *Revolution* (1985)
* *Out of Order* (1987)
* *Between Two Women* (2000)

## References
## Other websites
*
Niederstetten

**Niederstetten** is a town in the Main-Tauber district in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is  southeast of Bad Mergentheim, and  west of Rothenburg ob der Tauber.

## References 
## Other websites
Ulf Stark

**Ulf Gottfrid Stark** (12 July 1944 – 13 June 2017) was a Swedish author and screenwriter. He adapted several of his own books for movies and wrote the screenplay for the 1999 movie *Tsatsiki, morsan och polisen*.

From 1989 to 1998 he was an elected member of the Swedish Academy for Children's Books.

In 1998 he received the Nordic Children's Book Prize.

Stark died 13 June 2017 in Stockholm, Sweden from pancreatic cancer at the age of 72.

## References
Rümlang

**Rümlang** is a municipality in the district of Dielsdorf in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. Zurich Airport is in Rümlang.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Alun Wyn Jones

**Alun Wyn Jones** (born 19 September 1985) is a Welsh rugby union player. He is the captain of the Wales national team, and the Ospreys. He is Wales' most capped lock forward and Wales' second most capped player behind Gethin Jenkins. He has also won seven caps for the British and Irish Lions.
Born in Swansea, Jones played his first rugby for Bonymaen RFC. Having previously represented Wales at under-21 level,he played his first match for Wales in June 2006 against Argentina. Also in 2009 Jones was one of 13 Welsh players selected in the squad for the British and Irish Lions tour to South Africa.He scored a try in his first match for the Lions against the Royal XV.In the 2019 rugby World Cup he captained Wales to the semi finals but then lost to South Africa.

## Personal life
Jones is married to Anwen. They have a daughter named Mali.
C. Narayana Reddy

**C. Narayana Reddy** (29 July 1931 – 12 June 2017) popularly known as *Cinare* was an Indian Telugu and Urdu poet and writer. Reddy won the Jnanpith Award in 1988 for his poetic work, *Viswambara*. He had been awarded an honorary Kala Prapoorna by Andhra University in 1978, having been a recipient of the Padma Shri in 1977.

Reddy was honored with the Raja-Lakshmi Award by the Sri Raja-Lakshmi Foundation in 1988 and in 1992 he was honoured with India's third-highest civilian award, the Padma Bhushan.

Reddy died from complications from heart disease at a hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana on 12 June 2017 at the age of 85.

## References
Leigh Halfpenny

'''Stephen 'Leigh' Halfpenny''' (born 22 December 1988) is a Wales and British and Irish Lions international rugby union player.
Dan Biggar

**Daniel "Dan" Biggar** (born 16 October 1989) is a Welsh international rugby union outside-half. He plays club rugby for the Northampton Saints. He is the youngest player to reach 100 games for the Ospreys. On 7 December 2015, Biggar won the BBC Cymru Sports Personality of the Year Award.

## References
Sam Warburton

**Sam Kennedy-Warburton** (born 5 October 1988), known as **Sam Warburton**, is a Welsh international rugby union player. Warburton plays rugby for the Cardiff Blues and was first capped for Wales in 2009. He plays as an openside flanker but is also can play blindside. In June 2011, he was named as Wales captain versus the Barbarians and in August 2011 he was named as the Wales captain for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In April 2013, he was named the British and Irish Lions captain for the 2013 tour to Australia, and was also named as captain for the 2017 tour to New Zealand Warburton holds the record for the most Wales caps as captain.

## References
Rhys Webb

**Rhys Webb** (born 9 December 1988) is a Welsh international rugby union player who plays at Scrum-half for Ospreys and Wales.

## References
Győr

**Győr** (; , ) is the sixth-largest city in Hungary and the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron county. In 2016, 131.267 people lived there.

## Twin towns − Sister cities
Győr is twinned with:

*  Kuopio, Finland
*  Erfurt, Germany
*  Sindelfingen, Germany
*  Ingolstadt, Germany
*  Colmar, France
*  Bryansk, Russia
*  Brașov, Romania
*  Nazareth Illit, Israel
*  Wuhan, China
*  Poznań, Poland
*  Montevideo, Uruguay

## Other websites
* Official site
Dalaas

**Dalaas** is a municipality in the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

## References
Russikon

**Russikon** is a municipality in the district of Pfäffikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## Villages
Rumlikon, Madetswil, Sennhof, Wilhof, Gündisau and Ludetswil

## Gallery

File:Russikon preghejo 027.jpg|Church of Russikon
File:Russikon trafikcirklo 011.jpg|Roundabout at Russikon

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of Russikon
George North

**George Philip North** (born 13 April 1992) is a Welsh and British and Irish Lions international rugby union player. His usual position is winger! He has also played at outside centre. He currently plays club rugby for Northampton Saints in the Aviva Premiership.

## References
Rüti, Zürich

**Rüti** is a municipality of the district of Hinwil in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. Jona river flows through the municipality.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Schleinikon

**Schleinikon** is a municipality of the district of Dielsdorf in the Swiss canton of Zurich.

## Gallery

File:Schleinikon vilagheniro 078.jpg|Village entry of Schleinikon
File:Schleinikon 2011-09-14 14-01-50.JPG|Schleinikon

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website 
*
Schlatt, Zürich

**Schlatt bei Winterthur** is a municipality of the district of Winterthur in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* Official website of the municipality of Schlatt
Hōfu

**Hōfu** () is a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.  

## History 
Hōfu (防府) means "the capital (国**府**) of Suō Province (周**防**国)". The eastern part of Yamaguchi Prefecture used to be called called Suō Province.

The city was founded on August 25, 1936. The city's change over the past fifty years is shown in the animated movie Mai Mai Miracle, and the story takes place in the year 1955 (with flashbacks that go 1,000 years further back). 

## References
Houston County, Texas

**Houston County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 22,066 people lived there. The county seat is Crockett.

## References
Sulz am Neckar

**Sulz am Neckar** is a town in the district of Rottweil in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is on the river Neckar,  north of Rottweil, and  southeast of Freudenstadt.

## References 
## Other websites
Probate

**Probate** is how the will of a dead person is taken and used by a court. Probate checks that paying the dead person's debts, and giving away the dead person's money and property follows the instructions in the will. In many jurisdictions the court where probate happens is called a *probate court*.

Probate follows these steps:
*Filing of the will and opening an estate in the probate court,
*Giving notice of the probate proceeding to legal heirs, beneficiaries, and creditors,
*Checking that the will is legal and valid,
*Figuring out the value of the property in the dead person's estate,
*Paying the debts of the estate, including taxes, and
*Giving the heirs of the estate their *inheritances*, the gifts that the dead person left to them in the will.

For people who die without much money or property, many jurisdictions allow simple probate that is cheaper and easier to do.

## References
Liberec

**Liberec** (, ) is the fifth-largest city in the Czech Republic. It is on the Lusatian Neisse and surrounded by the Jizera Mountains and Ještěd-Kozákov Ridge. It has a population of 100 000. It was first mentioned in 1352.

## Twin towns – Sister cities
Liberec is twinned with:

*  Amersfoort, Netherlands
*  Amiens, France
*  Augsburg, Germany
*  Nahariya, Israel
*  St. Gallen, Switzerland
*  Zittau, Germany
*  Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France
*  Kovrov, Russia

## References
## Other websites
* Official website
Jean Nicot

**Jean Nicot, sieur de Villemain** (born 1530 in Nîmes, died 1600 in Paris) was a French nobleman, and diplomat. He was the French ambassador in Lisbon, from 1559 to 1561. He also negotiated the marriage of princess Margaret of Valois, who was five years old at the time, with prince Sebastian of Portugal, who was six years old at the time.

When Nicot returned, he brought tobacco plants. The plant was also an instant success with the Father Superior of Malta, who shared tobacco with all of his monks. More and more of the fashionable people of Paris began to use the plant, making Nicot a celebrity.At first, the plant was called Nicotina. But nicotine later came to refer specifically to the particular chemical in the plant. The tobacco plant, *Nicotiana*, also a flowering garden plant, was named after him by Carl Linnaeus, Nicot described its believed medicinal properties (1559) and sent it as a medicine to the French court.

## References
Bernwiller

**Bernwiller** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune Ammertzwiller was merged into Bernwiller.

## References
Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera

**Ameurfina Aguinaldo Melencio-Herrera** (11 May 1922 &ndash; 12 October 2020) was a Filipino judge. She served as an Associate Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court from 1979 until her retirement in 1992. She was the second woman appointed to the Supreme Court, filling the vacancy left by the retirement of the first female Supreme Court Justice, Cecilia Muñoz-Palma.

Melencio-Herrera died in Cabanatuan on 12 October 2020, aged 98.

## References
Mickey Tettleton

**Mickey Lee Tettleton** (born September 16, 1960) is a former Major League Baseball catcher for the Oakland Athletics (1984–1987), Baltimore Orioles (1988–1990), Detroit Tigers (1991–1994) and Texas Rangers (1995–1997). He made two All–Star teams and won three Silver Slugger Awards. He was named after Mickey Mantle, who was also from Oklahoma.

## Sources
## Other websites
*
Raynaud syndrome

'''Raynaud's syndrome''' is a spasm of small arteries. This causes reduced blood flow to end arterioles.

## References
2017 Congressional baseball shooting

On June 14, 2017, in Alexandria, Virginia, James Thomas Hodgkinson opened fire on several Republican members of Congress and their staffers, who were practicing for the Congressional Baseball Game scheduled for the next day.  

A ten-minute shootout ensued between Hodgkinson and officers from the Capitol Police and Alexandria Police. Hodgkinskon shot five people, including House Majority Whip  Steve Scalise (R–LA) and two Capitol Police officers assigned to protect him; one of the officers shot Hodgkinson, who later died from his wounds.

Scalise was the first sitting member of Congress to have been shot since Arizona Representative Gabrielle Giffords was attacked in the 2011 Tucson shooting.

President Donald Trump issued a statement saying, "We are deeply saddened by this tragedy. Our thoughts and prayers are with the members of Congress, their staffs, Capitol Police, first responders, and all others affected." Vice President Pence made similar comments.

## References
Gheorghe Gușet

**Gheorghe Guşet** (28 May 1968 – 12 June 2017) was a Romanian shot putter. He competed at the 1992, 2000 and 2004 Olympics and had his best result in 2004, aged 36 (14th place).

Guşet died on 12 June 2017 in Cluj Napoca, Romania from an aortic dissection at the age of 49.

## References
Aortic dissection

**Aortic dissection** happens when a tear on the the inside of the aorta (on the tunica intima layer) causes the blood to flow between the layers of the wall of the aorta. This forces the layers apart and causes a dissection. In most cases this is linked to or felt with sudden (onset) and severe chest or back pain called acute aortic syndrome. People often describe this as a "tearing" pain. 

Also, vomiting, sweating (unrelated to heat or exercise), and lightheadedness (being dizzy) might sometimes happen. Other symptoms may come from decreased blood supply to other organs, like in stroke or mesenteric ischemia. Aortic dissection can quickly lead to death as a result of myocardial ischemia (not enough blood flow to the heart) or rupture of the aorta.

Aortic dissection is more common in those with a history of high blood pressure (hypertension) and in a number of connective tissue diseases that affect blood vessel wall strength, like Marfan syndrome, a bicuspid aortic valve, and previous heart surgery.

## References
## Other websites
Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma

**Patricia Edwina Victoria Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma** (14 February 1924 – 13 June 2017) was a British peeress and the third cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. She was the elder daughter of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma and his wife, the heiress Edwina Ashley, a patrilineal descendant of the Earls of Shaftesbury, first ennobled in 1661.

Knatchbull was the elder sister of Lady Pamela Hicks, and first cousin to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and the last surviving baptismal sponsor to Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.

## Biography
Mountbatten succeeded her father when he was assassinated in 1979, as his peerages had been created by the Crown with special remainder to his daughters and their heirs male. This inheritance accorded her the title of *countess* and a seat in the House of Lords, where she remained until 1999, when the House of Lords Act 1999 removed most hereditary peers from the House.

Knatchbull died on 13 June 2017 in Kent, England at the age of 93.

## Titles and styles
* **14 February 192423 August 1946:** *Miss* Patricia Mountbatten
* **23 August26 October 1946:** *The Honourable* Patricia Mountbatten 
* **26 October 194627 August 1979:** *The Right Honourable* The Lady Brabourne 
* **27 August 197913 June 2017**: *The Right Honourable* The Countess Mountbatten of Burma

## References
## Other websites
*Regiments.org on Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
* mountbattenofburma.com - Tribute & Memorial web-site to Louis, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma 
* About Us - Patrons of The Compassionate Friends
Sam Beazley

**Sam Beazley** (29 March 1916 &ndash; 12 June 2017) was a British actor.  He began acting as a teenager in the 1930s. He appeared with John Gielgud in productions of *Hamlet* (1934) and *Romeo and Juliet* (1935). 

He returned to acting when he was 75. Since then has appeared in a variety of stage and movie productions. In his 90s, he became a painter. He was known for his role as Everard in *Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix* (2007).

Beazley died on 12 June 2017 at the age of 101.

## References
## Other websites
*
A. R. Gurney

**Albert Ramsdell Gurney Jr.** (November 1, 1930 – June 13, 2017) was an American playwright, novelist and academic. He was known for works including *The Dining Room* (1982), *Sweet Sue* (1986/7), *Love Letters* (1988), and *The Cocktail Hour* (1988). 

Gurney died in Manhattan on June 13, 2017, at the age of 86.

## References
Ernestina Herrera de Noble

**Ernestina Herrera de Noble** (June 7, 1925 – June 14, 2017) was an Argentine publisher and executive. She was the largest shareholder of the Grupo Clarín media conglomerate and director of the flagship *Clarín* newspaper. She was the first woman to become director of a mainstream newspaper in South America.

## Career
As his widow, she inherited a controlling stake in *Clarín*, Argentina's most widely circulated newspaper since 1965. Despite its large circulation, however, *Clarín* suffered financial difficulties when Mrs. Noble inherited the director's post.

Under her leadership, *Clarín* extended its reach into Argentine media, purchasing two second-ranked outlets, Radio Mitre and Channel 13, in 1990, Multicanal Cable TV in 1992, and other stations and magazines. She extended the partnership with *La Nación* by leading *Clarín* into a joint wire service, *Diarios y Noticias* (DyN), in 1982, and into a holding company in 1997.

## Death
De Noble died on June 14, 2017 from pneumonia in Buenos Aires, aged 92.

## References
Cladding

**Cladding** is placing one type of thing on top of another in a layer to make something like a skin. This can protect whatever is underneath the cladding from the weather, or it may make it look beautiful.

For example, Rainscreen cladding is one form of weather cladding. It protects things from rainwater and keeps it from getting too hot or cold. The cladding does not need to be waterproof.  Some cladding only makes the rainwater or wind flow another way to control run-off. For example, rainscreen cladding can make water on a rooftop flow away from some parts of the building so the water does not come inside. Cladding may also stop noise. Cladding applied to windows is often referred to as window capping and is a specialized field.

## References
Flag of Spain

The **flag of Spain** () has three horizontal stripes of red, yellow and red. It is also known as **la Rojigualda**. It was adopted 19 December 1981.

## History 

File:Pendón heráldico de los Reyes Catolicos de 1475-1492.svg| Pennant of the Catholic Monarchs (until 1492)
File:Royal Banner of the Crown of Castile (Early Style)-Variant.svg| Standard of the Crown of Castile
File:Royal Banner of Aragón.svg| Standard of the Crown of Aragon

## Other flags 
## References
Fireproofing

-based plaster fireproofing being installed.]]
 fireproofing of cable trays, using calcium silicate boards.]]
**Fireproofing** is making a part or a structure resist a fire, while still keeping the function it was designed for. Fireproofing is a passive fire protection measure. There are different levels of certifications; higher levels of certification mean that a part or a structure can withstand a fire longer.
Fire escape

, New York City.]]

When a person needs to get away from a fire, inside a building or a tunnel, they need to do this quickly. For this reasons, **fire escapes** are installed, and signaled. Very often fire escapes are separate stairways, often outside the building. The first fire escape was invented in England by Daniel Maseres, in 1784.

Such installations are most common in the United States, particularly in metropolitan areas.
Spencer Grammer

**Spencer Karen Grammer** (born October 9, 1983) is an American actress best known for her roles as Summer Smith on the Adult Swim animated science fiction series *Rick and Morty* and as Casey Cartwright on the ABC Family  college comedy-drama *Greek*. She is the daughter of Kelsey Grammer.

## References
## Other websites
*
François Houtart

**François Houtart** (7 March 1925 – 6 June 2017) was a Belgian marxist sociologist and Catholic priest. He was born in Brussels, Belgium. He participated as a peritus expert in the sessions of Vatican II (1962–1965) playing a key role in the formation of the introduction of the *Gaudium et spes*. Over the years, Houtart developed a dialectical approach to the study of world religions. He was a professor at the Université catholique de Louvain.

## Death
Houtart died on 6 June 2017 in Quito, Ecuador at the age of 92.

## Awards
In 2009, Houtart was awarded the UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence "for his lifelong commitment to world peace, intercultural dialogue, human rights and the promotion of tolerance, and in recognition of his outstanding efforts to advance the cause of social justice in the world."

## Books
**The Church and Revolution: from the French Revolution of 1789 to the Paris riots of 1968, from Cuba to Southern Africa, from Vietnam to Latin America*, by François Houtart and André Rousseau. Translated by Violet Nevile (1971)
**Religions and ideology in Sri Lanka,* Colombo, Hansa, (1974)
**El campesino como actor,* Managua, Ed. Nicarao, (1982)
**Religion et modes de production précapitalistes,* Bruxelles, editions de l'ULB, (1992)
**Sociología de la Religión,* Mexico, Plaza y Valdés, (2000)
**Mondialisation des Résistances* (with Samir Amin), Paris, L'Harmattan, (2002)
**Haïti et la culture dans une commune vietnamienne,* Paris, Les Indes Savantes, (2004)

## Related pages
*List of sociologists from Europe

## References
P. N. Bhagwati

**Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati** (21 December 1921 – 15 June 2017) was an Indian judge. He was the 17th Chief Justice of India, serving from 12 July 1985 until his retirement on 20 December 1986. He introduced the concepts of Public Interest Litigation and Absolute liability in India, and for this reason is held along with Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer, to be a pioneer of judicial activism in the country.

Bhagwati died on 15 June 2017 at the age of 95 at New Delhi, India from renal failure.

## References
## Other websites
* P. N. Bhagwati, Brief biography at Supreme Court of India
Geoffrey Rowell

**Douglas Geoffrey Rowell** (13 February 1943 – 11 June 2017) was an Anglican bishop. He served as Bishop of Basingstoke and then as the third Bishop in Europe until his retirement on 8 November 2013. Following his retirement he ministered as an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Chichester (from 2013) and in the Diocese of Portsmouth (from 2015). 

Rowell was born in Hampshire and died in the early morning of Trinity Sunday, 11 June 2017, in Worth, West Sussex, aged 74.

## References
## Other websites
* Anglicans in Istanbul, Letter to "the Times", 2 February 2007
Ibrahim Abouleish

**Ibrahim Abouleish** (23 March 1937 – 15 June 2017) was an Egyptian pharmacologist. He was born in Mashtul, Egypt. In 1977 he returned to Egypt and founded the comprehensive development initiative SEKEM. The organization focuses on biodynamic farming methods in Egypt.

Abouleish died on 15 June 2017 in Cairo, Egypt at the age of 80.

## Related pages
*List of Egyptian scientists

## References
## Other websites
* Biography on Right Livelihood Award website 
* blog about a german TV documentary
Ajmer Singh Aulakh

**Ajmer Singh Aulakh** (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ: ਅਜਮੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਔਲਖ, 19 August 1942 &ndash; 15 June 2017) was an Indian playwright and social activist. He was born in Mansa District Punjab. His mother's name was Harnaam Kaur and father was Kaur Singh. He had three daughters.Aulakh won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2006 for his book Ishaka bājha namāza dā hajja nāhī (Plays).

Aulakh died on 15 June 2017 from stomach cancer in Punjab, India at the age of 74.

## Plays
**Ik Ramayan hor* (One More Ramayana)*Niuṃ-jaṛa 
**Satt begaane*
* *Kehar Singh di maut* (Kehar Singh's Death) 
*Ishaka bājha namāza dā hajja nāhī 
* *Bhajian bahin* (Broken Arms)
*Ikka sī dariā 
*Jhanāṃ de pāṇī 
*Aise jana wirale sam̆sāre
*Bgane Bohd di chan

## References
Curt Hanson

**Curt Hanson** (1943 &ndash; June 16, 2017) was an American politician. He was born in Algona, Iowa. Curt was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives.  A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the Iowa House from 2009 until his death in 2017, representing the 90th and 82nd Districts.  

Hanson died on June 16, 2017 at his home in Fairfield, Iowa of prostate cancer at the age of 73.

## References
## Other websites
*Representative Kenneth Veenstra  *official Iowa General Assembly site*
*
Wilma de Faria

**Wilma de Faria** (February 17, 1945 – June 15, 2017) was a Brazilian politician. She served as the governor of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte from 2003 to 2010, the first woman to hold the position. She was a member of the Brazilian Socialist Party.

Faria died on June 15, 2017 from cancer at the age of 72.

## References
Sandwich panel

looks prettier, because of sandwich panels.]]
. ]]
A **sandwich panel** is a kind of composite material, which is usually made of two components: A small outside layer (which is the same on both sides), and an inside layer, which is used to get certain properties, for example insulation or fire resistance. Aluminium is often used for the outside part - the respective panels are also known as **Aluminium Composite Panels**. Sandwich panels are used in situations where high structural rigidity and low weight are required. They are also used for cladding, eg. to add insulation, fire resistance, or simply to make a surface look more beautiful.
Laguna Copperplate Inscription

The **Laguna Copperplate Inscription** is a document marked on a copper plate in 900 AD and found in Laguna, Philippines. The document is written in Old Malay language using Kawi script. It was translated by Antoon Postma (a Dutch anthropologist) in 1992. It is evidence of ancient kingdoms of Medang, Sri Vijaya, Tondo, and others.

## References
Jim Graham

**James McMillan "Jim" Nielson Graham** (August 26, 1945 – June 11, 2017) was a Scottish-born American politician. He served as a member of the Council of the District of Columbia. He was a Democrat. He represented Ward 1 in Washington, D.C. from 1999 through 2015. He was born in Wishaw, Scotland.

Graham died on June 11, 2017 at a hospital in Washington, D.C. from complications of a lung infection caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 71.

## References
## Other websites
*Jim Graham's Official Homepage
*Metro - About Metro - Biographies  WMATA biography
*Guide to the Jim Graham Papers, 1973-2006, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University
Lucas Mangope

**Kgosi Lucas Manyane Mangope** (27 December 1923 &ndash; 18 January 2018) was a South African politician. He is the former leader of the Bantustan of Bophuthatswana and founder and former leader of the United Christian Democratic Party, a minor political party based in the North West of South Africa.

On 1 May 1971, Mangope became Chief Minister of the Bophuthatswana Legislative Assembly and retained his post following the first Bophuthatswana elections on 4 October 1972.  Initially leader of the Bophuthatswana National Party, Mangope left the party following what was officially referred to as 'internal strife' and formed the Bophuthatswana Democratic Party, which then became the governing party. He became President in 1977. 

In 1988 he was briefly overthrown by members of a military police unit, and was reinstated following intervention by the South African Defence Force.

## References
Marc-André ter Stegen

**Marc-Andre Ter Stegen** (born April 30, 1992) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for FC Barcelona and the Germany national football team. He currently has the No. 1 shirt for Barcelona and no. 22 for Germany.

## Career statistics
### Club
### International
## References
**Notes**
Earl Bakken

**Earl Ethan Bakken** (January 10, 1924 &ndash; October 21, 2018) was an American engineer, businessman and philanthropist. He founded Medtronic, where he developed the first external, battery-operated, transistorized, wearable artificial pacemaker in 1957.

Bakken retired from Medtronic in 1989 and moved to a 9-acre estate in the Kona District of Hawaii he calls *Bakken Hale*.

Bakken died at his Hawaii home on October 21, 2018 at the age of 94.

## References
## Other websites
* Earl Bakken's Website
* The Bakken Museum Homepage
Schlieren, Switzerland

**Schlieren** (Zürich German: *Schlierä*) is a city of the district of Dietikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## References
## Other websites
* The city of Schlieren Official website
Sam Panopoulos

**Sotirios "Sam" Panopoulos** (; 1934 – 8 June 2017) was a Greek-born Canadian cook and businessman. He was born in Vourvoura, Greece. He was known as the inventor of Hawaiian pizza.

With his brothers Elias and Nikitas, Panopoulos owned the Satellite Restaurant in Chatham, Ontario. They offered typical American items such as burgers and fries, and also American Chinese dishes, some of which also mix sweet and savory flavours. In the early 1960s Panopoulos started offering pizzas, recently popular in the USA. In 1962 he had the idea to add canned pineapple to pizza.

Panopoulos died of cardiac arrest at a hospital in London, Ontario on 8 June 2017, aged 83.

## References
Polyisocyanurate

**Polyisocyanurate** is a thermoset plastic. It is also called **PIR**, **polyiso**, or **ISO**. It is usually made as a foam. It is used as rigid thermal insulation. It is similar to polyurethane (PUR) except that the proportion of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate is higher and a polyester-derived polyol is used in the reaction instead of a polyether polyol.  Catalysts and additives used are also different from those used in PUR.

## References 
## Other websites
*Polyisocyanurate Insulation Manufacturers Association 
*Polyisocyanurate Insulation energy savings, by Center for the Polyurethanes Industry
Schöfflisdorf

**Schöfflisdorf** is a municipality in the district of Dielsdorf in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## Geography
It is in the Wehntal.

## Gallery

File:Schoefflisdorf.jpg|Schöfflisdorf
File:Schoefflisdorf preghejo 067.jpg|Church of Schöfflisdorf
File:Schöfflisdorf faktrabdomoj 063.jpg|Timber framing house at Schöfflisdorf

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Schönenberg, Zürich

**Schönenberg** was a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the former municipalities of Hütten and Schönenberg merged into the municipality of Wädenswil.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Reichsführer-SS

***Reichsführer-SS*** () was a special title and rank that existed between the years of 1925 and 1945 for the commander of the *Schutzstaffel* (SS). *Reichsführer-SS* was a title from 1925 to 1933, and from 1934 to 1945 it was the highest rank of the SS. The longest serving and by far most noteworthy *Reichsführer-SS* was Heinrich Himmler.

## Office holders
In all, five people held the title of *Reichsführer-SS* during the twenty years of its existence. Three persons held the position as a title while two held the actual SS rank. 
 
*Julius Schreck (1925–1926)
*Joseph Berchtold (1926–1927)
*Erhard Heiden (1927–1929)
*Heinrich Himmler (1929–1945)
*Karl Hanke (1945)

## References
Brahmo Samaj

**Brahmo Samaj** is a Hindu reform movement that was founded in the 19th century in India.

## History
During the 19th century, Indian society had various social and religious problems in its society. Several movements "samajs"were started to help reform it, and various were formed, including the Prathna Samaj, the Satya Shodhak Samaj and the Theosophical Society. The Brahmo Samaj was one of these.

Brahmo Samaj was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828. It can also be said as the first attempt by Hindus to reform their religion and end its harmful practices. Under Keshab Chandra Sen, Brahmo Samaj made great progress, set up many branches across India and helped reform Indian society.

## Reforms
Some of its important reforms were to end the practice of sati (the widow committing suicide on her dead husband's funeral pyre), opposing the worship of many gods, and ending costly sacrifices and meaningless rituals. The movement proposed the belief that God is omnipresent, promoted marriage between castes and by widows, and opposed child marriage and polygamy,.

## Doctrine
The following doctrines during the Hindu Renaissance are common to all varieties and offshoots of the Brahmo Samaj:

* Brahmo Samajists have no faith in any scripture (holy writings) as an authority.
* Brahmo Samajists have no faith in avatars (gods taking on a bodily form).
* Brahmo Samajists denounce polytheism (multiple gods) and idol-worship.
* Brahmo Samajists are against caste restrictions.
* Brahmo Samajists make the doctrines of karma and rebirth optional.

## References
Baldwin Lonsdale

**Baldwin Jacobson Lonsdale** (21 February 1950 &ndash; 17 June 2017) was a ni-Vanuatu politician and Anglican priest. He served as President of Vanuatu from 22 September 2014 until his death in 2017. He was born in Monte Lava.

Lonsdale died on 17 June 2017 in Port Vila of a heart attack, aged 67.

## References
## Other websites
Seuzach

**Seuzach** (Swiss German: *Söizi* []) is a municipality of the district Winterthur in the Swiss canton of Zurich.

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website
Offenburg

**Offenburg** () is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. In 2013, about 57,000 people lived there.

## References
## Other websites
*
Chernihiv

**Chernihiv** () is a city in Ukraine. About 300,000 people live there.

## Twin towns — Sister cities
Chernihiv is twinned with:
*  Gomel, Belarus
*  Memmingen, Bavaria, Germany
*  Tarnobrzeg, Poland
*  Petah Tikva, Israel
*  Gabrovo, Bulgaria
*  Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
*  Ogre, Latvia
*  Prilep, North Macedonia

## Gallery 

2014 Чернігів Україна Адміністративний будинок.jpg
Чернігів. Обласна філармонія.JPG
Дзвіниця, 5 ярусів,висота 58 метрів, Троїцький монастир.jpg
Chernigiv Desna hotel IMG 8722 74-101-0076.JPG
NSH Chernigiv Spaso-Preobrazhenskiy Sobor 001.JPG
Чернигов, храм Михаила и Федора.JPG
Драматичний театр ім.Т.Г.Шевченка - Teatro Dramático Shevchenko.jpg
Введенська церква. Чернігів.jpg
74-101-0020 Troyckiy Sobor 3.jpg
Церква параскеви П'ятниці, Чернігів.jpg
BudArhiepiskop.JPG
Чернігівський вокзал.JPG

## References
## Other websites
* Official Website