open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
L Taraval

The **L Taraval** is a light rail line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. The line is currently not operating and replaced by buses through the end of 2024 for reconstruction along Taraval Street.

## Route description
The line begins at Wawona and 46th Avenue station (near the San Francisco Zoo), which is on a one-way loop on Vicente Street, 47th Avenue, Wawona Street, and 46th Avenue. It runs north on 46th Avenue to Taraval Street, then runs east on Taraval Street to 15th Avenue. The line then runs south one block on 15th Avenue, then east on Ulloa Street to West Portal station, where it tags along with all the other Muni Metro lines towards Embarcadero station.

### Operation 
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the L Taraval operates 7 days a week, with train service beginning at 5 a.m. on weekdays, 6 a.m. Saturdays and 8 a.m. Sundays and running until 12:30 a.m.

## History
Muni's L Taraval line opened as a shuttle from West Portal to 33rd Avenue on April 12, 1919. It went further west along Taraval Street to 48th Avenue at Ocean Beach on January 14, 1923; that October 15, the shuttle service was replaced with larger streetcars running through to the Ferry Building. The L Taraval went south (turning off Taraval at 46th) to the San Francisco Zoo, the line's current outer terminus, on September 15, 1937. While many streetcar lines switched to buses operations after World War II, the L Taraval remained a streetcar line due to its use of the Twin Peaks Tunnel.

## L Taraval Improvement Project
The L Taraval Improvement Project, originally called the L Taraval Rapid project, was to improve street safety and speed up trains.
L Taraval Improvement Project construction began in August 2019. In September 2019, construction on the first phase of the project began. It took place between Sunset Blvd and 46th Avenue. The first phase was completed in July 2021. The second phase began in January 2022, with the second phase of the construction project taking place from Sunset Blvd to Ulloa St near West Portal station. This phase is expected to last through 2024.

## References 
## Other websites 
* SFMTA - L Taraval
Umpire (cricket)

.]]
In the sport of cricket, two **umpires** are on the field of play to take charge of the match. They are there to watch everything that happens in the game, and make sure nothing is done that breaks *The Laws of Cricket* (the sport's rules). The umpires make all decisions about the play. This includes deciding if the bowler has bowled the ball correctly; if the batter has been dismissed or not; how many runs have been scored; and if the pitch and weather conditions are suitable for play to take place.

Law 2 of *The Laws* is directly concerned with umpiring. It begins by stating:

Before the match, two umpires shall be appointed, one for each end, to control the match as required by the Laws, with absolute impartiality.

Section 2.12 of Law 2 concerns umpiring decisions. Although it allows for a decision to be altered, providing it is done promptly, 2.12 states emphatically that "an umpire's decision, once made, is final".

## References
Brave Combat Federation

**Brave Combat Federation** is the largest mixed martial arts MMA promotion in the Middle East and the fastest growing global MMA promotion. The organization was established on 23 September 2016 by Sheikh Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa. BRAVE Combat Federation features mixed martial artists from more than 40 nations in five continents. BRAVE Combat Federation events are aired though multiple media partners including El Rey Network, Combate, Myx TV, S+A ESPN 5 and Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation.In July 2021, BRAVE Combat Federation was nominated for the first time as Promotion of the Year on the World MMA Awards.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official BRAVE Combat Federation Site
* Past to present event results and fighter records database
Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)

The **Battle of al-Hasakah**, also known as the **Al-Hasakah riot** was an attack by forces of the Islamic State and prison riot. The Islamic State launched an armed assault on the prison in an attempt to free their group's imprisoned fighters from '''al-Sina'a prison''' in the Ghuwayran area of al-Hasakah city. This city is under the control of the Kurdish Administration of northeastern Syria.

Battles previously occurred in al-Hasakah in 2015 and 2016 between Kurdish forces and Islamic State forces.

## References
Al-Hasakah

**Al-Hasakah** (, , ) is the capital city of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, in the northeastern corner of Syria. It is one of the ten largest cities in Syria and the largest in the governorate. It had a population of 251,570 in 2004.

## Notes
## References
N Judah

The **N Judah** is a light rail line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. The line is named after Judah Street that it runs along for much of its length, and is named after railroad engineer,  Theodore Judah.

## Operation
As with all Muni lines, service begins around 5 a.m. on weekdays, 6 a.m. on Saturdays, and 8 a.m. on Sundays and holidays. Daytime headways are 10 minutes on weekdays and 12 minutes on weekends.

## History
 newly in service on the N Judah, entering the Duboce Portal on Duboce Avenue, in March 1980.]]
On January 10, 1998, Muni opened the Muni Metro Extension to 4th and King/Caltrain. It was originally served by a temporary shuttle service, the E Embarcadero, which ran between Embarcadero station and 4th and King/Caltrain. On August 22, 1998, the E Embarcadero line was removed and the N Judah line was extended to its place. 

A lot of service changes took place at the time when the T Third Street line began service in April of 2007. The N Judah was cut back to Embarcadero station; the surface part on the Embarcadero was served only by the T Third Street line, plus the J Church line at peak hours. The changes were unpopular with the public; they caused big delays in the Market Street subway and made N Judah riders transfer to reach the Caltrain station when they did not before. On June 30, 2007, Muni reversed several of the changes; the J Church and N Judah were put back to their previous routes.

### Future plans
Future plans, according to the SFMTA Rail Capacity Strategy, include a new subway tunnel that connects the Market Street subway to 9th Avenue. Additionally, the N Judah line will be rebuilt to run three-car trains. Further plans include a connection between the L Taraval and N Judah lines, which may run on 46th Avenue.

## References
## Other websites
* SFMTA – N Judah
Imants Kalniņš

**Imants Kalniņš** (born 26 May 1941) is a Latvian composer, musician and politician. He has written six symphonies, some operas (including the first rock opera in the USSR, *Ei, jūs tur!* ()), oratorios, cantatas, choir songs and movie scores. He was a member of the 5th, 7th, 8th, and 9th sitting of the Saeima from 1993 to 1995 and again from 1998 through 2010.

In 2021, Kalniņš received the Great Music Award.

## References
Fatma Girik

**Fatma Girik** (12 December 1942 – 24 January 2022) was a Turkish actress and politician. She was born in Istanbul, Turkey. Her career began in 1957 and she retired in 2012. She was Mayor of Şişli between 1989 until 1994. Girik was known for her roles in *Karakolda Ayna Var*, *Kız Kolunda Damga Var* and *Seviştiğimiz Günler*.

Girik died on 24 January 2022 at a hospital in Istanbul from multiple organ failure caused by COVID-19, aged 79.

## References
## Other websites
*
Grabill, Indiana

**Grabill** is a town in Cedar Creek Township, Allen County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,112 at the 2020 census.

## References
Cedar Creek Township, Allen County, Indiana

**Cedar Creek Township** is one of twenty townships in Allen County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 13,684.

## References
S Shuttle

The **S Shuttle** is a light rail line in the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. It runs through the entire Market Street subway and Twin Peaks Tunnel.

## History
Muni introduced the **S Castro Shuttle**. This aimed to reduce crowding at the busy Castro station. The service began on April 2, 2001. At this time it was running only at peak hours on weekdays. It was discontinued in 2007 when the T Third Street line was opened. Service went further to St. Francis Circle station in 2013, but cut back to West Portal station in 2016.

### Service changes
A lot of service changes took place with the start of full service on the T Third Street line on April 7, 2007. The new line was routed through the subway to Castro station. It replaced the S Castro Shuttle; changes were also made to the J Church, N Judah, and several bus lines. The changes were unpopular with the public; the Muni Metro changes caused big delays in the Market Street subway, and forced many users to transfer to reach the Caltrain station when they did not back then. 

### Reversing changes
On June 30, 2007, Muni reversed some of the changes. The J, N, and S were restored to their previous routes. And the T was combined with the K Ingleside line.

## References
## Other websites
* SFMTA – S Shuttle
Cody Garbrandt

**Cody Ray Allen Garbrandt** Nickname "No Love" (born July 7, 1991) is an American professional mixed martial artist 
who currently competes in the Flyweight and Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. UFC Bantamweight Champion (One time).2017 Fight of the Year vs. T.J. Dillashaw.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Cody Garbrandt Profile at UFC.com
* 
* 
*
Mark Souder

**Mark Edward Souder** (July 18, 1950 – September 26, 2022) was an American Republican politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1995 to 2010.

On May 18, 2010, Souder announced his resignation from Congress, after admitting to an extramarital affair with one of his part-time female staff members.

In January 2022, Souder was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He died on September 26, 2022 at the age of 72.

## References
Con O'Neill (actor)

**Robert** "**Con**" '''O'Neill'* (born 15 August 1966) is an English actor. He was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical and a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical for playing Michael "Mickey" Johnstone in the musical *Blood Brothers*. He is known for his role as Viktor Bryukhanov in the mini-series *Chernobyl''. O'Neill was also in the 2022 DC Comics movie *The Batman* as a police chief.

## References
## Other websites
*
Rupert Penry-Jones

**Rupert William Penry-Jones** (born 22 September 1970) is a British actor. He is known for his roles as Adam Carter in *Spooks*, Clive Reader in *Silk*, Joseph Chandler in *Whitechapel*, and Mr Quinlan in the American horror series *The Strain*. He played Mayor Don Mitchell in the 2022 DC Comics movie *The Batman*.

## References
Jorge Masvidal

**Jorge Masvidal** (nickname **Gamebred**; born November 12, 1984 in Miami, Florida) is an American  mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the lightweight and welterweight division for the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Masvidal has been competing professionally since 2003. he has also competed for Bellator, Strikeforce, Shark Fights, and World Victory Road. He holds the record for the fastest knockout in UFC history at five seconds, and holds the UFC BMF Championship belt.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Jorge Masvidal Profile at UFC.com
* 
* 
*
Lassina Zerbo

**Lassina Zerbo** (born 10 October 1963) is a Burkinabé politician and scientist. He became the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso on 10 December 2021. Before, he was the Executive Secretary of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. His term ended when the government was dissolved during the January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état.

## Related pages
*List of scientists from Africa

## References
Esther Hayut

**Esther Hayut** (; born 16 October 1953) is an Israeli judge. She was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel. She was sworn in on 26 October 2017. Hayut left office in October 2023.

## References
Garig Gunak Barlu National Park

**Garig Gunak Barlu** is a protected area in Australia. It is located in Northern Territory of Australia. 

## Biography 
The name derives from the local Garig language, and the words *gunak* 'land' and *barlu* 'deep water.

## References
Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré

**Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré** (born 27 August 1948) is a Burkinabé politician. He was the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from 24 January 2019 to 9 December 2021.

## References
M (New York City Subway service)

The M Queens Boulevard Local/Sixth Avenue Local is a rapid transit service in the B division of the New York City Subway. It’s route or bullet has been colored Orange , Since it uses the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan . The M operates on weekdays . But on weekends , it terminates at Essex St in Manhattan or Myrtle Av in Brooklyn. The M runs between Middle Village - Metropolitan Ave and Forest Hills - 71 Ave , it’s equipment is the Alstom R160A-1.
]] M Used To Run Via Nassau St To Bay Pkwy But In 2010, MTA Eliminated The M .  A limited number of rush-hour M trains  ran between 71st Avenue in Queens and Second Avenue in Manhattan, replicating the V train's routing prior to its discontinuation in 2010  between July 2017 and April 2018 during a reconstruction project on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line (replicating the former V service).
Michel Kafando

**Michel Kafando** (born 18 August 1942) is a Burkinabé politician. He was transitional President of Burkina Faso from 2014 to 2015. He worked in the government as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1983 and was the Permanent Representative (Ambassador) of Burkina Faso to the United Nations from 1998 to 2011.

## References
Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory

**Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory** is the Northern Territory Government agency which aim for tasks such as the establishment of "parks, reserves, sanctuaries and other land", the management of these and the "protection, conservation, sustainable use of wildlife etc. 

## References
Serge Korber

**Serge Korber** (1 February 1936 &ndash; 23 January 2022) was a French movie director and screenwriter. He directed 45 movies between 1962 and 2007. He was born in Paris, France. His movies include *An Idiot in Paris* (1967), *A Little Virtuous* (1968), ''L'homme orchestre* (1970), *Perched on a Tree* (1971) and *Hearth Fires'' (1972).

Korber died on 23 January 2022 at his home in Tarn, France at the age of 85.

## References
Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo

**Jean-Baptiste Philippe Ouédraogo** (born 30 June 1942) is a Burkinabé physician and retired military officer. He was President of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) from 8 November 1982 to 4 August 1983. He has retired from politics and works at a medical clinic.

## References
Megan Gale

**Megan Kate Gale** (born 7 August 1975) is an Australian model and actress. She modeled for Vodafone. She later became an actress. Gale played Fatma in *The Water Diviner* (2014) and Valkyrie in George Miller's *Mad Max: Fury Road* (2015).

## References
Bellator MMA

**Bellator MMA** (formally **Bellator Fighting Championships**) is an American Mixed Martial Arts promotion based in Santa Monica, California. It is known for being one of the largest Mixed Martial Arts promotions in the world, following UFC.

## References
## Other websites 
* Official Bellator MMA Site 
* Past to present event results and fighter records database
Pseudis bolbodactyla

***Pseudis bolbodactyla*** is a frog that lives in Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo in Brazil.

## References
Julbach

**Julbach** is a village and municipality in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria in Germany. Julbach has 16 other settlements.

## References
Nate Diaz

**Nathan Donald Diaz** (born April 16, 1985) in Stockton, California is an American mixed martial artist, He competes at the Lightweight and Welterweight division of the UFC. Before signing with the UFC, Diaz competed in World Extreme Cagefighting, Strikeforce, and Pancrase. He has been in the UFC since winning The Ultimate Fighter 5.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Nate Diaz Profile at UFC.com
* 
* 
*
Mitterskirchen

**Mitterskirchen** is a municipality in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria in Germany.

## Geography
Mitterskirchen is in a small side-valley of the Rott, bordering on Upper Bavaria. Mitterskirchen is at the federal highway B588, about seven kilometers south-west of Eggenfelden, 18 kilometers north of Altötting, 23 kilometers north-east of Mühldorf, as well as 22 kilometers south-west of Pfarrkirchen. The next train station on the railway line Passau - Mühldorf is in Eggenfelden.

## References
Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission

The **Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission** (FEACC) is a commission headquartered in Addis Ababa by the Government of Ethiopia. 
## Duty
FEACC is responsible for controlling Ethiopia's corruption problems and making the country less corrupt and more lawful. The Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission is accountable to the Prime Minister of Ethiopia.

## Authority 
Under Proclamation No. 1236-2020 the Federal Ethic and Anti-Corruption Commission is charged with "it has become necessary to prevent corruption and impropriety and to create a society of good ethical values and moral which shall not condone but rather prepared to resolutely combat corruption; in order to arid, sustain the development, peace and democratic process in our country." The Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission has had the authority to press charges to individuals and has had brought charges to high-ranking government officials to high courts and businessmen in 2013. But later the role of prosecuting and investigation went to the Federal Police Commission and the Ministry of Justice.

### Powers 
The FEACC has the powers to register assets and has had to disclose the names of government officials to denied registering their assets to the FEACC. The FEACC under No.668/2010 has the authority to demand anyone including the President and Prime Minister of the country to register their assets to the FEACC and coming to their headquarters to do so.

#### Structure 
The Federal Ethics Commission is "The Commission is comprised of various Directorates and three Services. The Directorates are:
* Public and International Relations
* Ethics Liaison and Corruption Prevention
* Ethics building and Public Participation Coordination
* Training Study and Research
* Asset Disclosure and Registration
* Anti-Corruption legal Advice
* Implementation and Experience Formulation
* Regional Affairs Coordination
* Change Management and Capacity Building
* Plan and Budget Administration
* Human Resource Administration
* Procurement
* Finance and Property Administration
* Information Communication Technology
* Internal Audit
* Women and Children Affairs and General Services

The Commissioner’s Office and the Deputy Commissioner’s Office are also part of the Organizational set-up. The Commission currently has 282 staff members (164 male and 118 female)."

## References
Arnis Līcītis

**Arnis Līcītis** (8 January 1946 – 21 January 2022) was a Latvian actor. He was born in Riga, Latvia. His career began in 1965. His best known roles were in *Long Road in the Dunes* (1981), *Musketeers Twenty Years After* (1992) and *Dangerous Summer* (2000).

Līcītis died on 21 January 2022 in Riga at the age of 75.

## References
Stubenberg, Bavaria

**Stubenberg** is a municipality in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria in Germany. It is on the river Inn, close to the border with Austria.

## References
Tann, Bavaria

**Tann** is a municipality  in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria, Germany. It has about 4,000 residents and is 15&nbsp;km from the corner of Austria away.

## References
## Other websites
*  
* Catholic Parish Tann
Tomodachi Collection

***Tomodachi Collection*** () is a life and social simulator video game created for the Nintendo DS by Nintendo SPD, released on June 18, 2009. It was only released in Japan. This game features Nintendo's avatars featured on the Wii called Miis.

The game has two sequels: *Tomodachi Life*, released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2013, and *Tomodachi Life: Living the Dream*, which will release for the Nintendo Switch in spring 2026.

## Gameplay 
The game first starts the player on an empty island. On the island, you are to give the island a name. Afterwards, you must give your island a look-alike Mii that looks like you. Then you will feed them, and give them another Mii to live with. After this is complete, the player is allowed to make up to 100 Miis to unlock other parts of the island such as an interior or clothing store. The game does not end, and you can play for as long as you want.

## References
List of San Francisco Municipal Railway lines

## Cable car lines

Cable_Car_SFO_04_2015_2469.jpg|A cable car on Powell Street in 2015.

## Muni Metro and historic streetcar lines

Muni_1071_and_1815_at_the_Ferry_Building,_March_2019.JPG|A PCC streetcar and an ex-Milan streetcar on the F Market & Wharves line at the Ferry Building.
Muni_2006_at_Powell_station,_November_2017.jpg|An N Judah train at Powell station in 2017.

## Local bus lines

Muni_bus_at_Transbay_Transit_Center,_January_2018.JPG|A route 5 Fulton bus at the street-level bus plaza at the Transbay Transit Center in 2018.
Muni_route_18_bus_at_46th_Avenue_and_Taraval,_June_2018.JPG|A route 18 bus on 46th Avenue in 2018.
Three_Muni_trolleybuses_on_Steuart_Street,_March_2019.JPG|Route 21 Hayes and 31 Balboa trolleybuses at Ferry Plaza in 2019.
Muni_route_37_bus_in_Cole_Valley,_February_2018.jpg|A  route 37 Corbett bus in Cole Valley, San Francisco
Muni_route_49_bus_at_24th_Street_station,_December_2017.JPG|A route 49 bus on red transit-only lanes in the Mission District in 2017.

### Rapid bus lines

Muni_route_9R_bus_at_Market_and_Larkin,_April_2019.JPG|A route 9R bus on Market Street in 2019.
Muni_route_38R_bus_at_15th_Avenue,_January_2021.JPG|38R bus at 15th Avenue, January 2021.

### Express bus lines

Muni_route_8BX_bus_at_Balboa_Park_station,_May_2018.JPG|A route 8BX bus at Balboa Park station.
Muni_route_16X_bus_on_Fell_Street,_September_2013.jpg|Muni route 16X bus (renamed 7x in 2015) on Fell Street, September 2013.
Muni_route_76X_bus_at_Rodeo_Beach,_April_2007.jpg|A route 76 bus (renamed 76X in 2012) at the Rodeo Beach parking lot in the Marin Headlands in 2007.
Muni_route_Nx_bus_on_19th_Avenue,_September_2018.JPG|A route Nx bus on 19th Avenue in 2018.

## Owl bus lines

Muni_K_Owl_bus_on_Market_Street,_March_2019.JPG|A route K Owl bus on Market Street in 2019.

## References 
## Other websites
*SFMTA - Muni Routes & Stops
Tomb of Nader Shah

**Tomb of Nader Shah** is a building in Mashhad, which is designed by Hooshang Seyhoun. This building is the grave and resting place of Nader Shah, Shah of Afsharid Iran.

## References
Jon Jones

**Jonathan Dwight Jones** Nickname "Bones" (born July 19, 1987) in Rochester, New York is an American former professional mixed martial artist who competed in the light heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is a former two-time UFC Light Heavyweight Champion, holding the title from March 2011 to April 2015 and from December 2018 to August 2020. Jones also held the interim UFC Light Heavyweight Championship. Until he met his match he was regarded as the ultimate warrior but the battle on the mountain where David slayed Goliath became his undoing and the most historical fight ever known to man! He was slain by the most dangerous man/beast that ever walked the earth! NATTYPIZZLE 

## Early Life
Jon Jones was born on July 19, 1987, in Rochester, New York,  to Arthur, a pastor, and Camille, who passed away in 2017. He had three siblings: Arthur, a former NFL player; Chandler, an NFL linebacker; and Carmen, who died before turning 18. 

He has recently moved up to the Heavyweight Division to fight Ciryl

## Career Records 
* Most Failed PED Tests in UFC History
*Longest Duck in UFC History (**588 Days)**

## References 
## Other websites 
* Jon Jones Profile at UFC.com
* 
* 
*
Meier Schwarz

**Meier Schwarz** (28 January 1926 – 12 January 2022) was a German-born Israeli plant physiologist, academic and Holocaust survivor. He was born in Nuremberg, Germany. Schwarz was head of the Department for Soilless Cultures at the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research in Beer Sheva.

Schwarz was President of the International Society for Soilless Cultures (ISOSC), and founder of the Natural Sciences Department of Teacher Education at the Jerusalem College and the Jerusalem College of Technology. He also served as President of The International Society of Religious Researchers.

His family were able to manage Schwarz to migrate to Israel in 1938 before being killed at Auschwitz concentration camp.

Schwarz died on 23 January 2022 in Jerusalem, Israel, two weeks before his 96th birthday.

## References
January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état

On 23 January 2022, a gunshot was heard in front of presidential residence in the Burkinabé capital Ouagadougou. The soldiers was reported to have taken the control of military base in the capital. Although the government denied the ongoing coup in the country. However, several hours later, President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was said to have been arrested by the soldiers at military camp in the country. The next day, Kaboré was removed from power.

It was reported that the internet in the country has stopped working. On 24 January 2022, it was announced that Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba was the coup's leader and would become the country's head of state.

## References
Elisabeth Hartnagel-Scholl

**Elisabeth Hartnagel-Scholl** (born 27 February 1920 in Forchtenberg as Elisabeth Scholl; died 28 February 2020 in Stuttgart) was the sister of Hans and Sophie Scholl.

## Life 
Elisabeth Hartnagel (then Scholl) grew up together with her siblings Inge (1917–1998), Hans (1918–1943), Sophie (1921–1943) and Werner (1922–1944).  Her siblings initially enthusiastically followed National Socialism and were members of the League of German Girls or Hitler Youth, but later became dissatisfied with the Nazi Regime.

## Scholl arrest and Sippenhaft 
Her siblings Hans and Sophie were arrested on February 18, 1943. Elisabeth found this out from the newspaper. Four days later, on the 22nd February, Hans and Sophie Scholl and their fellow student Christoph Probst were sentenced to death in Munich by the People's Court chaired by Judge Roland Freisler, who came from Berlin for the sole purpose of the trial. Around 5 p.m., the convicts were beheaded in Munich's Stadelheim Prison. At the funeral of Hans and Sophie Scholl on the 24th February, the parents and siblings Inge, Elisabeth and Werner were present. Three days later, on Elisabeth's 23rd birthday, the Scholl family was taken into custody in Ulm, Elisabeth Scholl fell seriously ill in "protective detention" and was released after two months. She was the first of the Scholls to be released from prison.

## After the War 
In October 1945, she married Fritz Hartnagel (1917–2001). Fritz had been Sophie’s fiance, and after the execution Fritz and Elisabeth had been brought together from their shared grief at their loss. Together the couple had four children. After the death of her sister Inge Aicher-Scholl in 1998, Elisabeth began to speak about her siblings at schools and other educational institutions. She was commited to keeping the memory of her brother and sister alive. She died on February 28, 2020, one day after her hundredth birthday.

## References
Fritz Hartnagel

**Friedrich "Fritz" Hartnagel** (born February 4, 1917 in Ulm; died April 29, 2001 in Stuttgart) was a lawyer and soldier of the Wehrmacht during World War II. In the 1950s, Hartnagel, then a judge in Stuttgart, campaigned against the rearmament of the Federal Republic. He was Sophie Scholl's (unofficial) fiancée.

## Early Life and Relationship with Sophie Scholl 
When Hitler first came to power Hartnagel was entranced by him and his vision for Germany. He volunteered for an officer career in the spring of 1936 after an early Abitur and was a professional officer of the Wehrmacht until the end of World War II.

In 1937, Hartnagel met Sophie Scholl at a dance event. Under Scholl's influence and after experiences on the front (including in the Battle of Stalingrad), Hartnagel changed from an enthusiastic soldier to an opponent of war and Nazi dictatorship. He supported the resistance activities with news about the course of the war and war crimes and with amounts of money (including 1000 Reichsmarks) although he never officially joined any reistance movements.

After the execution of Hans and Sophie on the 22nd February 1943 Hartnagel assisted the Scholl family. After the remaining Scholl family members were put into Sippenhaft (clan arrest), Hartnagel appealed for clemency for the Scholl family. After they were  released, he supported them financially. 

## After the War 
On April 14, 1945, Hartnagel was captured by US troops and kept as a prisoner of war until September 1945. In October 1945, he married Sophie's sister Elisabeth Scholl, who he had grown close to after Sophie's execution.

In 1946, Hartnagel began law studies at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (the same college Sophie Scholl had gone to.)  He completed his studies and became a judge. He died on April 29, 2001, at the age of 84.

## References
Hamid Motahari

**Hamid Motahari** (Persian: حمید مطهری born 25 April 1974 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian retired professional football midfielderand who is Head Coach and now he is currently assistant of Yahya Golmohammadi in Persepolis F.C.

## Early life 
Hamid Motahari born 25 April 1974 in Tehran Iran.

Hamid Motahari is married and result of this life is a daughter named Harir.

Hamid Motahari is a former player and Iranianfootball coach.

## Playing career 
### Club 
He started his football career with the youth of Vahdat F.C. team and at the same time he played for the youth and adults.

He joined Persepolis F.C. after playing for teams such as Sepahan and Keshavarz F.C.

He was a player at Persepolis F.C. until the end of his playing career, but with a serious injury, his playing career ended very quickly.

### International 
He was playing in the Iran U-20 1991–1993 and the Iran U-23 1993–1995

## Coaching career 
Hamid Motahari joined the railway team in 2009 at the age of 35 as a coach and was present in the technical staff of this club for about 2 years as an assistant coach.

In 2014, he became the head coach of Omid Perspolis F.C.. 

After a year, he joined Saipa F.C. and in 2016, he signed a contract with Paykan F.C. and was the assistant coach of Majid Jalali in this team for two years.

After a short experience, he joined Nassaji Mazandaran F.C. and then was a member of the technical staff of Shahr Khodro F.C. from 2020-2019.

When Yahya Golmohammadi was in the Perspolis F.C. team, he also took Motahari to this team. 

Hamid Motahhari has been Yahya Golmohammadi assistant in Perspolis F.C. since 2020. 

Saba Qom F.C. 2007-2009 assistan

Rah Ahan F.C. 2009-2011 assistan

Saipa F.C. 2014-2015 assistan

Paykan F.C. 2016-2018 assistan

Nassaji Mazandaran F.C. 2019 assistan

Shahr Khodro F.C. 2019-2020 assistan

Motahari is now Yahya Golmohammadi's assistant in Perspolis F.C.

## Career Statistics 
* **Club**
* Vahdat F.C. 1990-1992
* Sepahan Azadegan League 1993-1996
* Fath Tehran F.C. Azadegan League 1995-1997
* Keshavarz F.C. Azadegan League 1996-1997
* Persepolis F.C. Azadegan League 1997-1999
* **International**

## Honours 
; Persepolis

* Persian Gulf Pro League (2): 2019–20 , 2020–21
* Iranian Super Cup (1): 2020
* AFC Champions League runner-up: 2020

## References 
## Other websites 
*Hamid Motahari on Instagram
*Hamid Motahari at Soccerway
*Hamid Motahari at  PersianLeague.com
*Hamid Motahari at  Sortitoutsi
Tanzimat

The **Tanzimat** was a period of reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began in 1839 and ended in 1876. It intended to modernize the Ottoman Empire, and allowed for religious freedom. Tanzimat means "re-ordering" or "restructuring" the relationship between the state and the different communities, which were named subjects. The period started with the publishing of the Tanzimat edict which was written by Koca Mustafa Reşit Paşa under the order of Sultan Mahmud II. The period began in 1839, after Hatt-ı Şerif. It was followed by Hatt-ı Hümayun in 1856. The Constitution of 1876 made these two edicts into law. These laws limited the power of the Sultan. Some of the reforms were influenced by those in British Empire and France.

## Hatt-ı Şerif (Noble Script or Edict of Gulhane) 
The Hatt-ı Şerif was a proclamation, or edict, that was announced on 1856. It is considered the first act of the Tanzimat, which begun under Sultan Abdülmecid I.

It is also known as the Edict of Gulhane or Noble Script. The Hatt-ı Şerif proclamation included three main demands. It began to limit the Sultan's power and also to establish the basis for equality among citizens of the Ottoman Empire.

## Hatt-ı Humayun (Imperial Script) 
This edict was established 18 days after the Crimea War (1853) on 18 February 1856. It guaranteed that all subjects of the Ottoman Empire would have security of life, honor, and fortune regardless of their ethnicity or religion. It promised equality for everyone who lived in the Ottoman Empire. It also reformed the tax system and the military. One of the goals of the edict was to weaken the power of the local governors and lay the groundwork for the creation of a modern army. modernized the taxation system and agriculture. It was divided into three sections, that included 132 articles. The Code added to the freedom of people who possessed land and made inheritance rules more fair for men and women.

## Constitution of 1876 
In 1876, the Hatt-i Sherif and the Hatt-i Humayun were turned into law as part of the constitution. It was established during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II.

The constitution established two chambers of government, an elected chamber called the Chamber of Deputies, and a senate that was appointed by the Sultan.

The constitution was partly modelled on the 1831 Belgian constitution, which democratized some aspects of Ottoman society. However, the Sultan maintained significant amounts of power. The Sultan was able to declare war, appoint and dismiss ministers, approve law, and form and dismiss the Chamber of Deputies. These parts of the constitution meant that the executive branch of government - the Sultan - held significantly more power than the elected branch.

Another important outcome of the constitution was the declaration that all religions in the Empire were now equal citizens. Islam remained the state religion, however the system of the millet was abolished.

## References
Bloomingdale, Tennessee

**Bloomingdale** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 8,918 at the 2020 census.
It is part of the Kingsport&ndash;Bristol (TN)&ndash;Bristol (VA) Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City&ndash;Kingsport&ndash;Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area &ndash; commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

## Geography
Bloomingdale is located at .

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 8,918 people, 3,977 households, and 2,449 families residing in the CDP.

## References
Shane Baxley

**Shane Baxley** (born February 13, 1986), is an American concept designer for media projects.

Baxley has created concept art for vehicles, characters and environments for movies and television programs, including *Alita: Battle Angel*, *Bumblebee* and the *Loki* series, He has also worked on the Spike Jonze's award-winning Apple Home Pod commercial. Most recently he has contributed designs to James Gunn's *The Suicide Squad* including Starro and The Thinker as well as designs for the to be released *Peacemaker* series and *Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 3*. Other contributions \include *Star Wars* *Obi-Wan Kenobi*, *Furiosa*, *Black Panther 2* and *Blue Beetle*.

## Career 
In 2012, he worked as a freelance designer for several automotive and product design studios including: Gruppo bertone, Boombang, Design by Eleven and Astro studios before shifting to film. In 2014, he appeared in eight episodes of the reality show Motor City Masters.

In 2015, Baxley launched *Baxley Corp* which handles a wide array of design and art direction.

In 2019, during the Covid pandemic he created the motorcycle brand known as *BAX MOTO* which is currently seeking prototype funding.

Most recently he contributed a short story to the book *TRAVERSE: Vehicles From the Outer Rim of Imagination* which donated profits to the *Williams Syndrome Association*.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Official Website
Elizabethton, Tennessee

**Elizabethton** is a city in, and the county seat of Carter County, Tennessee, United States. Elizabethton is the historical site of the first independent American government (known as the Watauga Association, created in 1772).

The city is also the historical site of the Transylvania Purchase (1775) which was a major site during the American Revolutionary War for both the Battle of Musgrove Mill (1780) and the Battle of Kings Mountain (1780). It was within the secessionist North Carolina "State of Franklin" territory (1784–1788).

## Geography 
Elizabethton is located within the "Tri-Cities" area (encompassed by Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport) of northeast Tennessee.

Their time zone is Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): UTC-5 (Eastern Time).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 1.51%, is water.
* William Gannaway Brownlow – governor of Tennessee, U.S. senator, Methodist minister, and publisher of the *Whig* newspaper
* Samuel P. Carter – U.S. Army general and U.S. Navy admiral
* Charles Davis – University of Tennessee football player and Fox Sports analyst
* Landon Carter Haynes – Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives, Confederate senator, lawyer, Methodist minister, and editor of the *Tennessee Sentinel*
* Alec McLean – Olympic rower
* Thomas Amos Rogers Nelson – early Elizabethton attorney and member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
* Dayton E. Phillips – jurist and member of the U.S. House of Representatives
* Jeff Reed – Major League Baseball catcher
* Alfred A. Taylor – governor of Tennessee and congressman
* Robert Love Taylor – governor of Tennessee and U.S. senator from Tennessee
* Kenneth R. Wallace – United States Navy Blue Angels Pilot
* Kent Williams – Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives
* Jason Witten – National Football League tight end

## Related pages
* Tri-Cities, Tennessee

## References
N-factorial

In mathematics, the N
**-factorial** is the generalized formula for the factorial.

When N=2, it is called the double factorial, and generally it is written as x!(N).
Fall Branch, Tennessee

**Fall Branch** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washington and Greene counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The population was 1,248 at the 2020 census.

By the early 1800s, Fall Branch was known as "Crouch Town", after a family of early settlers. The name had changed to "James' Cross Roads" by 1830, when a post office was established. The name "Falls Branch" had been adopted by 1854, and the "s" was dropped from "Falls" in 1883, giving the community its current name. The name was inspired by the waterfall the community's main creek, also called Fall Branch, spills over just before it empties into Horse Creek.
### Schools
A school, Fall Branch Seminary, was established at Fall Branch in 1842. Fall Branch High School, initially a two-year school, was established before 1900. The high school was consolidated with several other smaller schools to form Daniel Boone High School in nearby Gray in 1971.

## References
Fordtown, Tennessee

**Fordtown** is an unincorporated community in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States, The community's name was adopted due to the number of people with the last name Ford, who lived in the area. It is accessed by the road named after it, Fordtown Road.

## References
Wörthersee Stadion

**Wörthersee Stadion**  is a  stadium in Klagenfurt, Austria. It is the home ground of SK Austria Klagenfurt.

## History
The first Wörtherseestadion was built in 1960 as the home ground of the old SK Austria Klagenfurt with a capacity of 10,900. Although Austria Klagenfurt was relegated in 2004 the Carinthian government was for building a new stadium for the UEFA Euro 2008.

The new stadium was for 32,000 visitors. It was opened on 7 September 2007 with a friendly match between Austria and Japan in front of 26,500 spectators. For the 2007-08 season FC Pasching was relocated to the stadium to ensure matches after the Euro 2008. Till the  bankruptcy in 2010 Pasching played under the name SK Austria Kärnten in the stadium. 2010 the stadium was renamed Wörthersee stadium because the name sponsor so far ( Hypo Group Alpe Adria) was in economic troubles. The stadium is now the homeground of SK Austria Klagenfurt. It also hosted final matches of the Austrian Cup.

Since July 2022 it is named 28 Black stadium for sponsorship reasons.

## Euro 2008 matches 
The  *Wörthersee Stadion* hosted 3 matches of Euro 2008.

## Cup finals at Wörthersee stadium 
## References 
## Other websites
*Sportpark Klagenfurt Official Website
Duvar (movie)

***Duvar*** is a 1983 Turkish-French drama movie directed by Yılmaz Güney and starring Tuncel Kurtiz, Zeynep Kuray, Ayse Emel Mesci Kuray, Malik Berrichi, Nicolas Hossein, Ahmet Ziyrek, Jacques Dimanche, Jean-Pierre Colin, Ali Berktay.

## Other websites
*
Muni Metro

**Muni Metro** is a light rail system serving San Francisco, California, United States, operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni).

## Operations
Muni Metro runs from approximately 5&nbsp;am to 1&nbsp;am weekdays, with later start times of 7&nbsp;am on Saturday and 8&nbsp;am on Sunday. Owl service, or late-night service, is operated on much of the L and N lines by buses that show the same route designation. 

## History
### Market Street subway
 passes an  PCC at West Portal, November 1980]]
On February 18, 1980, the Muni Metro officially began. It started with a weekday N-line service in the subway. The Metro service was put in phases. The subway was served only on weekdays until 1982. The K Ingleside line began using the entire Metro subway on weekdays on June 11, 1980, the L Taraval and M Ocean View lines on December 17, 1980, and the J Church line on June 17, 1981. Meanwhile, weekend service on all five lines (J, K, L, M, N) continued to use PCC streetcars operating on the surface of Market Street to the Transbay Terminal. The Muni Metro was closed on weekends. At the end of the service day September 19, 1982, streetcar operations on the surface of Market Street were discontinued entirely. The remaining PCCs taken out of service, and weekend service on the five light rail lines switch to buses for a while. Finally, on November 20, 1982, the Muni Metro subway began operating seven days a week.

## Routes
, the L Taraval is replaced by bus service, while other routes have resumed rail operation.

## References
## Other websites
*– Live display of trains in the subway
Getting Even (1986 movie)

***Getting Even*** is a 1986 American Cold War movie directed by Dwight H. Little and starring Edward Albert, Audrey Landers, Joe Don Baker, Caroline Williams. It was distributed by Vestron Video.

## Other websites
*
*
Dustin Poirier

**Dustin Poirier** Nickname "The Diamond" (born January 19, 1989 in Lafayette, Louisiana ) is an American professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Featherweight and Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is a former Interim UFC Lightweight Champion (One time).  In the lightweight division, he holds notable wins over former UFC champions Anthony Pettis, Eddie Alvarez, and Conor McGregor.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Dustin Poirier Profile at UFC.com
* 
* 
*
Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba

**Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba** (born 2 January 1981) is a Burkinabé military officer. He was the 4th President of Burkina Faso and Chairman of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration from January to September 2022. He removed President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré from power on 24 January 2022 during the 2022 Burkinabé coup d'état.

Damiba was removed from power by Ibrahim Traoré in the September 2022 coup d'état.

## References
Challenge Cup

The **Challenge Cup** was a tournament for football clubs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire It was played from 1897 to 1911.

## History
, 1899 winners]]
It started in 1897 and was invented by John Gramlick. He was one of the founders of Vienna Cricket and Football-Club. The competition was  for all clubs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. All teams came from the three major cities Vienna, Budapest and Prague. It was played in a knockout format.

The trophy is now in the possession of its last winner Wiener Sport-Club. The Challenge Cup was played for the last time in 1911. Today it is seen as a early version of the Austrian Cup (first held in 1918).

## Champions
### List of finals
### Titles by club
### Titles by country
## References
Marco Cappato

**Marco Cappato** (born 25 May 1971) is an Italian activist and politician. Cappato was an Italian Member of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2009. He was a candidate for President of Italy in the 2022 elections.

## References
Paolo Maddalena

**Paolo Maddalena** (born 27 March 1936) is an Italian lawyer and academic. He was a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy from 2002 to 2011. In 2022, he was nominated by members of the Italian Parliament as a candidate for President of Italy.

## References
Nanobiotix

**Nanobiotix** is a biotechnology company. It uses nanomedicine to develop new radiotherapy techniques for cancer patients. The home office of the company is in Paris. Also, it has offices in New York and Massachusetts.

Nanobiotix is a spin-off of the State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo.
2022 Montenegrin pro-government protests

Protests began in Montenegro on 19 January 2022 against the proposition of URA to remove Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapić and his cabinet from power. They are also against the formation of a temporary minority government. Since most ministers of the cabinet are close to Krivokapić, most ministers supported or attended these protests. 

The protests are being held in multiple cities such as Podgorica, Bijelo Polje and Berane. While most have been peaceful, there have been cases of violence at the protests, such as the assault of a reporter.

Krivokapić was removed from power in a motion of no confidence on 4 February 2022.

## References
Ayberk Pekcan

**Ayberk Pekcan** (22 May 1970 – 24 January 2022) was a Turkish actor. He was born in Mersin, Turkey. His career began in 1995. He was known for playing Hıdayet in *Winter Sleep* (2014) and Erol in *Mustang* (2015).

Pekcan died on 24 January 2022 in Mersin from lung cancer, aged 51.

## References
Caetano Veloso

**Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso** (; born August 7, 1942) is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo. Veloso has won nine Latin Grammy Awards and two Grammy Awards. He was born in Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil. His career began in 1957.

## References
Sheldon Silver

**Sheldon Silver** (February 13, 1944 – January 24, 2022) was an American Democratic Party politician, lawyer, and convicted felon. He was Speaker of the New York State Assembly from 1994 to 2015. He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1977 to 2015. Silver was born in New York City.

Silver was arrested on federal corruption charges in early 2015, and resigned as Speaker of the Assembly shortly afterward. At his trial that November, he was convicted of all charges. Silver was resentenced in July 2020 to  years in prison.

Silver died on January 24, 2022 at a prison hospital in Ayer, Massachusetts from problems caused by kidney disease, aged 77.

## References