open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Joyce Vincent

**Joyce Carol Vincent** (19 October 1965 – December 2003) was an English woman whose death in her London bedsit flat went unnoticed for over two years.

## Life
Vincent was born in Hammersmith, London. Her parents were from Grenada. Her father was of African background and her mother was of Indian background. She left her job in 2001 for unknown reasons. Shortly after, she moved to a shelter for victims of domestic violence. Around the same time, she cut off nearly all contact with her close family and friends. An investigator of Vincent's case said that she had been in a relationship that had a "history of domestic violence". It has been said that she may have been ashamed of being a domestic violence victim or did not want to be found by her abuser. In February 2003, Vincent moved into a bedsit flat above a shopping centre in Wood Green, north London. It was owned by the Metropolitan Housing Trust and was used for abuse victims.

## Death
Vincent had asthma. For two days during November 2003, she was treated for a peptic ulcer at North Middlesex University Hospital. She died in her flat sometime in December 2003 at the age of 38. Her cause of death is unknown. It is thought she died from either an asthma attack or problems caused by her recent peptic ulcer.

Vincent's death went unnoticed for over two years. Neighbours believed the flat to be empty. The strong smell of Vincent's decomposing body were thought to be caused by bins close by. On 25 January 2006, bailiffs forced entry into the flat and found her body. A pathologist said that Vincent was "mostly skeletal" when she was found. Her body was found with a shopping bag and wrapped Christmas presents around her. The television and heating were still running due to debt forgiveness. Her bills were being paid through automatic debit.

## In popular culture
A movie about her, *Dreams of a Life* (2011), was directed by Carol Morley. Actress Zawe Ashton played Vincent in the movie.

Steven Wilson's fourth solo studio album, *Hand. Cannot. Erase.* (2015), is d by Vincent.

Punk rock musician Alex Marshall was inspired to write a song about Vincent's life. His band later decided to change the song's title to "No One Knew" and used the song's original title, Miss Vincent, to name the band instead. The single was released in 2012.

## References
## Other websites
*
Vampire in Venice

***Vampire in Venice*** (), also known as ***Prince of the Night*** and ***Nosferatu In Venice*** is a 1988 Italian supernatural horror movie directed by Augusto Caminito and starring Kinski, Christopher Plummer, Donald Pleasence, and Barbara De Rossi. 

The movie is about Professor Paris Catalano, who travels to Venice following the trail of the last known appearance of Nosferatu in 1786.

## Cast 
## Referenes
Stephen Gaghan

**Stephen Gaghan** (; born May 6, 1965) is an American screenwriter and director. He is known for writing Steven Soderbergh's movie *Traffic*. He won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for *Traffic*. He also wrote and directed the thriller *Abandon* and the family movie *Dolittle*.

## References
Must Love Dogs

***Must Love Dogs*** is a 2005 American romantic comedy movie based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name. It stars Diane Lane and John Cusack. The movie is about a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward. 

It was released on July 29, 2005 to negative reviews.

## References
## Other websites 
* 
* 
*
Nicholas Nickleby (2002 movie)

***Nicholas Nickleby*** is a 2002 British-American period comedy-drama movie written and directed by Douglas McGrath. The screenplay is based on *The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby* by Charles Dickens. Charlie Hunnam stars as the main character with Nathan Lane, Jim Broadbent, Christopher Plummer, Jamie Bell,  Anne Hathaway, Alan Cumming, and Timothy Spall.

## References
## Other websites
* 
*
Inside Man

***Inside Man*** is a 2006 American crime thriller movie directed by Spike Lee and written by Russell Gewirtz. It is about a bank heist on Wall Street. It stars Denzel Washington, Clive Owen, Jodie Foster, Christopher Plummer, Chiwetel Ejiofor and Willem Dafoe.

## References
The New World (2005 movie)

***The New World*** is a 2005 historical romance drama movie written and directed by Terrence Malick. It is about the founding of the Jamestown, Virginia and the historical figures Captain John Smith, Pocahontas of the Powhatan tribe, and Englishman John Rolfe.

It stars Colin Farrell, Q'orianka Kilcher, Christopher Plummer, Christian Bale, August Schellenberg, Wes Studi, David Thewlis and Yorick van Wageningen. 

## References
The Lake House (movie)

***The Lake House*** is a 2006 American fantasy romantic drama movie directed by Alejandro Agresti. It stars Keanu Reeves and Sandra Bullock with Christopher Plummer. It was written by David Auburn.

It is about an architect living in 2004 from Chicago and a doctor living in 2006 who meet through letters left in a mailbox at the lake house in Wisconsin where they have lived at separate points in time.

## References
Mike Mills (director)

**Michael Chadbourne Mills** (born March 20, 1966) is an American movie director from Berkeley, California. He is also a writer and graphic designer. He is best known for his independent movies, *Beginners* (2010) and *20th Century Women* (2016).

## References
Boana beckeri

***Boana beckeri*** is a frog that lives in Brazil in Minas Gerais. It lives in at least one protected place: the Parque Estadual Nova Baden.

Humans are more likely to see this frog on rainy days. The male frog climbs onto low plants and sings for the female frogs.

This frog's Latin name comes from scientist Johann Becker.

## References
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 movie)

***The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo*** is a 2011 neo-noir psychological thriller movie based on the 2005 novel by Swedish writer Stieg Larsson.  It was directed by David Fincher. 

It is about journalist Mikael Blomkvist's investigation to find out what happened to a girl from a wealthy family who disappeared 40 years prior. He hires the help of Lisabeth Salander, a computer hacker.

## References
The Man Who Invented Christmas (movie)

***The Man Who Invented Christmas*** is a 2017 Christmas biographical comedy drama movie directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne. It is based on the 2008 book of the same name about Charles Dickens by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. It is about Dickens (Stevens) as he creates and writes his 1843 classic *A Christmas Carol*.

It was released by Bleecker Street in the United States on 22 November 2017. It received generally positive reviews from critics.

## References
Studio One (American TV series)

***Studio One*** is an American radio anthology drama series that was also adapted to television. It was created in 1947 by Canadian director Fletcher Markle. It aired under several titles: ***Studio One in Hollywood***, ***Studio One Summer Theatre***, ***Westinghouse Studio One*** and ***Westinghouse Summer Theatre***.

CBS Radio received a Peabody Award for *Studio One* in 1947.

## References
The Alcoa Hour

***The Alcoa Hour*** is an American anthology drama television series that was aired live on NBC from October 16, 1955 to September 22, 1957. The Alcoa Hour was a one-hour live dramatic anthology series presenting both original stories and adaptations of popular works.

## Other websites
**The Alcoa Hour* at CVTA with episode list
*
Kraft Television Theatre

***Kraft Television Theatre*** is an American anthology drama television series that began May 7, 1947 on NBC, airing at 7:30pm on Wednesday evenings until December of that year. It was a live hour-long series offered television plays with new stories and new characters each wee. The program was broadcast live from Studio 8-H at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, currently the home of *Saturday Night Live*.

## References
Omnibus (American TV program)

***Omnibus*** is an American educational variety television series.

The series won more than 65 awards, including eight Emmy Awards (it was nominated for thirteen) and two Peabody Awards. The series is held at the Library of Congress.

## References
A Doll's House (1959 movie)

'''''A Doll's House''''' is a 1959 live telecast based on Henrik Ibsen's 1879 play ''A Doll's House'' directed by George Schaefer. It was broadcast on 15 November 1959. 

## Cast
* Julie Harris — Nora Helmer
* Christopher Plummer — Torvald Helmer
* Hume Cronyn — Nils Krogstad
* Eileen Heckart — Kristine Linde
* Jason Robards — Dr. Rank

## References
The Philadelphia Story (play)

***The Philadelphia Story*** is a 1939 American comic play by Philip Barry. It is about a socialite whose wedding plans are ruined by the arrival of her ex-husband and an attractive journalist.

## Cast
 stage production of *The Philadelphia Story*]]
* Lenore Lonergan as Dinah Lord
* Vera Allen as Margaret Lord
* Katharine Hepburn as Tracy Lord
* Dan Tobin as Alexander Lord
* Owen Coll as Thomas
* Forrest Orr as William Tracy
* Shirley Booth as Elizabeth Imbrie
* Van Heflin as Macauley Connor
* Frank Fenton as George Kittredge
* Joseph Cotten as C. K. Dexter Haven
* Nicholas Joy as Seth Lord
* Myrtle Tannahill as May
* Lorraine Bate as Elsie
* Hayden Rorke as Mac

## References
A Doll's House

'''''A Doll's House'''* (also translated from Danish as *A Doll House'') is a three-act play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 December 1879. The play is set in a Norwegian town circa 1879.

## List of characters
 of c. 1880–82]]

***Nora Helmer** – wife of Torvald, mother of three, represents the 19th-century wife, but leaves her family at the end of the play.
***Torvald Helmer** – Nora's husband, a newly promoted bank manager, who loves his wife but their marriage does not make her happy.
***Dr. Rank** – a rich family friend. He is terminally ill.
***Kristine Linde** – Nora's old school friend, widowed, is looking for a job.
***Nils Krogstad** – an employee at Torvald's bank and single father.
***The Children** – Nora and Torvald's children: Ivar, Bobby and Emmy (in order of age).
***Anne Marie** – Nora's former nanny, who gave up her own daughter to "strangers" when she became, as she says, the only mother Nora knew.  She now cares for Nora's children.
***Helene** – the Helmers' maid
***The Porter** – delivers a Christmas tree to the Helmer household at the beginning of the play.

## References
Herod Antipas

**Herod Antipas** (, *Hērǭdēs Antipas*; born before 20 BC &ndash; died after 39 AD), was a 1st-century ruler of Galilee and Perea. He had the title of tetrarch ("ruler of a quarter") and is known as both "Herod the Tetrarch" and "King Herod" in the New Testament. He never held the title of king. 

## References
Robert Powell

**Robert Powell** (; born 1 June 1944) is an English actor. He is known for playing Jesus Christ in *Jesus of Nazareth* (1977).

## References
## Other websites
* 
* Robert Powell's *Holby City* profile at What's on TV
Herbert Kappler

**Herbert Kappler** (23 September 1907 – 9 February 1978) was a key German Nazi SS functionary Officer and war criminal during the Nazi era. He was a SS soldier from 1931-1935 then promoted to Hauptsturmfuhrer in 1939 recruited by Reinhard Heydrich and Gottlob Berger. In 1943 SS-Gestapo Colonel Kappler became head of German police and security services (*Sicherheitspolizei* and SD) in Rome serving General Karl Wolff from 1943-1945 during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre.

## References
Stone sheep

The **stone sheep** is a subspecies of thinhorn sheep. Almost all stone sheep live in British Columbia in Canada.

## Appearance
This sheep is larger than its relative, the Dall sheep.  The adult male stone sheep can weigh 180 to 220 lbs (82 to 100 kg).  The adult female sheep are smaller.  Unlike Dall sheep, stone sheep do not have bright white fur.  Instead, they are gray, brown, or black.  Lighter stone sheep are sometimes called Fannin sheep.  Some scientists think Fannin sheep are a separate subspecies of thinhorn sheep and other scientists do not.

Stone sheep have horns with different shapes, but female stone sheep have thinner horns than male stone sheep. The horns are darker in color than the horns of Dall sheep.

The face, backs of the legs and the rear end usually have white fur on them.  The tail is usually black with some black fur on the back.

## Home
There are about 12,000 to 15,000 stone sheep in the world.  Most of them live in British Columbia in Canada.  They like to live on steep mountains.  They move around.  They go to low meadows to eat plants and then go back to high, rocky places where it is difficult for other animals to catch them.

## History
Thinhorn sheep and snow sheep became two separate species around the time the last ice age ended, 10,000 to 18,000 years ago.  After that, the thinhorn sheep moved east and spread out.  The Dall sheep and stone sheep became separate subspecies some time after that.

## References
The Scarlet and the Black

***The Scarlet and the Black*** is a 1983 American television war drama movie directed by Jerry London, and starring Gregory Peck and Christopher Plummer. It is based on J. P. Gallagher's book *The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican*. It was directed by Jerry London. 

## References
The World of David the Gnome

***The World of David the Gnome***, originally titled ***David, el Gnomo*** (also known as ***David, the Gnome***), is a Spanish animated television series based on the children's book *The Secret Book of Gnomes*. Twenty-six episodes were produced. There was also a spin-off series entitled *Wisdom of the Gnomes*.

## References
David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir

**David Patrick Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir**,  (29 May 1900 – 27 January 1967), known as **Sir David Maxwell Fyfe** from 1942 to 1954 and as **Viscount Kilmuir** from 1954 to 1962, was a British Conservative politician, lawyer and judge. During his political career, he was the Solicitor General, Attorney General, Home Secretary and Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.

## Bibliography
*Obituaries:
***The Times*, 28 January 1967
***The Guardian*, 28 January 1967
*
*
*Dutton, D. J. (2004)"Fyfe, David Patrick Maxwell, Earl of Kilmuir (1900–1967)", *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*, Oxford University Press, accessed 4 Aug 2007 
*
*Lord Kilmuir (1964) *Political Adventure*
* 
*Tusa, A. & Tusa, J. (1983) *The Nuremberg Trial*
Nuremberg (miniseries)

***Nuremberg*** is a 2000 Canadian-American television docudrama in 2 parts. It is based on the book *Nuremberg: Infamy on Trial* by Joseph E. Persico, that tells the story of the Nuremberg trials.

## Cast
*Alec Baldwin as Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson
*Brian Cox as Hermann Göring
*Christopher Plummer as Sir David Maxwell Fyfe
*Jill Hennessy as Elsie Douglas
*Matt Craven as Capt. Gustave Gilbert
*Christopher Heyerdahl as Ernst Kaltenbrunner

## Other websites
* 
*
American Tragedy (movie)

***American Tragedy*** is a 2000 television movie broadcast on CBS from November 12, 2000 to November 15, 2000. It is based on the O. J. Simpson murder case for the 1994 murder of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman. It was produced by Fox Television Studios. 

It won a Satellite Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.

## Cast 
* Ving Rhames as Johnnie Cochran
* Ron Silver as Robert Shapiro
* Bruno Kirby as Barry Scheck
* Darryl Alan Reed as Carl Douglas
* Nicholas Pryor as Gerry Uelman
* Robert LuPone as Robert Kardashian
* Ruben Santiago-Hudson as Christopher Darden
* Diana LaMar as Marcia Clark
* Christopher Plummer as F. Lee Bailey
* Richard Cox as Alan Dershowitz
* Raymond Forchion as O. J. Simpson
* Clyde Kusatsu as Judge Lance Ito

## References
Miracle Planet

'* *Miracle Planet* *'is a six-part documentary series, co-produced by Japan's NHK and the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). It was narrated by Christopher Plummer which tells the 4.6-billion-year-old story of how life has evolved and the diversity of living creatures.

## Other websites
*NFB Web site
*Teaching guides at NFB Web site (PDF)
*list of episodes.
Jesus of Nazareth (TV series)

***Jesus of Nazareth*** () is a 1977 British-Italian epic movie and television drama serial directed by Franco Zeffirelli and co-written by Zeffirelli, Anthony Burgess, and Suso Cecchi d'Amico.

It is about the life of Jesus Christ. It stars Robert Powell as Jesus and Anne Bancroft, Ernest Borgnine, Laurence Olivier, Christopher Plummer, Anthony Quinn, Rod Steiger, James Earl Jones, and Peter Ustinov.

*Jesus of Nazareth* premiered on 27 March 1977, on the Italian channel Rai 1, and was first aired in the United Kingdom, on 3 April 1977, on the ITV Network. 

## Other websites
*
*
*
*webpages dedicated to the movie called "Jesus of Nazareth" by Franco Zeffirelli
**Jesus of Nazareth* at the Arts & Faith Top100 Spiritually Significant Films list
The Night of the Generals

***The Night of the Generals*** is a 1967 World War II mystery movie directed by Anatole Litvak and produced by Sam Spiegel. It stars Peter O'Toole, Omar Sharif, Tom Courtenay, Donald Pleasence, Joanna Pettet and Philippe Noiret. It was loosely based on the beginning of the novel of the same name by German author Hans Hellmut Kirst. 

## References
On Golden Pond (2001 movie)

***On Golden Pond*** is a 2001 American live television version of the play of the same name starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer. The movie originally aired on CBS on April 29, 2001.

## Cast list 
* Julie Andrews as Ethel Thayer
* Christopher Plummer as Norman Thayer
* Glenne Headly as Chelsea Thayer Wayne
* Sam Robards as Bill Ray
* Brett Cullen as Charlie Martin
* Will Rothhaar as Billy Ray Jr.

## References
On Golden Pond (play)

***On Golden Pond*** is a 1979 play by Ernest Thompson. The play is about an old couple Ethel and Norman Thayer, who spend each summer at their home on a lake called Golden Pond. During the year the story takes place, they are visited by daughter Chelsea with her fiancé Billy Ray and his son Billy Ray Jr.

In 2001, CBS aired a live television version starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer.

## References
The Captains (movie)

***The Captains*** is a 2011 documentary movie that is about actor William Shatner through interviews with the other actors who have played starship captains in five other versions of the *Star Trek* franchise. Shatner talks about his life and career before, during, and after his work on *Star Trek*. 

The movie has interviews from Scott Bakula, Avery Brooks, Kate Mulgrew, Chris Pine, Patrick Stewart, René Auberjonois, Jonathan Frakes, Christopher Plummer and Nana Visitor.

## References
An Inn in Tokyo

is a 1935 Japanese drama movie directed by Yasujirō Ozu and starring Takeshi Sakamoto, Tokkan Kozo, Yoshiko Okada, Choko Iida, Chishū Ryū. It was distributed by Shochiku.

## Other websites
*
Ric Burns

**Ric Burns** (born 1955) is an American documentary filmmaker and writer. He has written, directed and produced historical documentaries since the 1990s. He was involved in the making of the PBS series *The Civil War* (1990), which he produced with his older brother Ken Burns.

## Some movies
**Coney Island* (1991)
**The Donner Party* (1992) on the Donner Party
**The Way West* (1995)
**New York: A Documentary Film* (1999; expanded 2003)
**Ansel Adams: A Documentary Film* (2002)
**Columbia: A Celebration (2003)
**Eugene O'Neill: A Documentary Film* (2006)
**Andy Warhol: A Documentary Film* (2006)
**We Shall Remain* (2009), on Native Americans
**Into the Deep: America, Whaling & the World* (2010)
**Nantucket* (2011)
**Death and the Civil War* (2012)
**Enquiring Minds: The Untold Story of the Man Behind the National Enquirer* (2014)
**American Ballet Theatre: A History* (2015)
**Debt of Honor: Disabled Veterans in American History* (2015)
*Pilgrims* (2015)
**VA: The Human Cost of War* (2017)
**The Chinese Exclusion Act* (2018)
**Oliver Sacks: His Own Life'' (2019)
*Driving While Black: Race, Space and Mobility in America (2020)

## Other websites
*Steeplechase Films
*WGBH-Eugene O'Neill
*Andy Warhol 
**New York: A Documentary Film* 
**The Donner Party* 
**Ansel Adams: A Documentary Film* 
*
*The Other Civil War, *Newsweek*
The Gospel of John (2003 movie)

***The Gospel of John*** is a 2003 epic television movie that is about the life of Jesus according to the Gospel of John. 

## Cast
* Henry Ian Cusick as Jesus of Nazareth
* Christopher Plummer as The Narrator
* Stuart Bunce as John
* Daniel Kash as Simon Peter
* Stephen Russell as Pontius Pilate
* Alan Van Sprang as Judas Iscariot
* Diana Berriman as Mary, mother of Jesus
* Richard Lintern as Leading Pharisee
* Scott Handy as John the Baptist
* Lynsey Baxter as Mary Magdalene
* Diego Matamoros as Nicodemus
* Nancy Palk as Samaritan Woman
* Elliot Levey as Nathanael
* Andrew Pifko as Philip
* Cedric Smith as Caiaphas
* Tristan Gemmill as Andrew
* Stuart Fox as Blind Man
* David Meyer as Lame Man
* Nicolas Van Burek as Young Levite
* William Pappas as Elderly Levite

## References
New shekel

The **New Shekel** or **Israeli Shekel** is the official currency (money)  of the State of Israel. The shekel is the name of money used in  times in the Bible and in places like the Land of Israel.

People usually call the money simply "the shekel." The plural of shekel is  *shkalim*. Shkalim are divided into 100 *agorot*.

The shekel has its own special symbol: ₪. This comes from joining the first two letters of the words in Hebrew for New Shekel (ש"ח). In English, shekel can be written as **NIS** (standing for 'New Israeli Shekel').
Vincent Cannistraro

**Vincent Cannistraro** is the former head of the CIA's anti-terrorism center. He worked with the CIA for over 27 years. After leaving, he would become an advisor on terrorism to a few different companies and organizations, such as ABC News and the Holy See.

## References
TriStar Pictures

**TriStar Pictures, Inc.** is an American movie studio and production company. The company is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group. TriStar Pictures is a sister studio of the older Sony studio Columbia Pictures. Sony Pictures Television runs a special label called "TriStar Television" for certain productions. 

TriStar Pictures was created in 1982 and founded as **Nova Pictures** by Victor Kaufman, a high-ranking employee at Columbia. He convinced Columbia, CBS, and HBO to give him money for a new studio, and the first movie made by TriStar was *The Natural* in 1984. After making several successful movies such as the *Rambo* series, TriStar was eventually combined with Columbia, which in turn was bought by Sony. Despite taking a backseat to Columbia in the present day, TriStar still makes movies once in a while either through **TriStar Productions** or by releasing movies from other Sony departments.

## References
La plus que lente

***La plus que lente, L. 121*** (, "The more than slow"), is a waltz for solo piano  Claude Debussy wrote in 1910. Just beforehand, he had published Préludes, Book I. The piece was first played at the New Carlton Hotel in Paris. There, it  was transcribed for strings. The popular 'gipsy' violinist, Léoni,  performed it. Debussy had written it for him, and gave him the manuscript himself.

Debussy arranged the piece for small orchestra (flute, clarinet, piano, cimbalom and strings) which was published in 1912.

## Style 
The title, *La plus que lente*, refers to a slow waltz, the valse lente genre that Debussy tried to copy. It does not refer to the speed of the piece. This piece is a typical example of how Debussy named his pieces. It is also a reaction to the slow waltz, which was very popular in France at the time.  Frank Howes noted, "*La plus que lente* is, in Debussy's wryly humorous way, the *valse lente* [slow waltz] to outdo all others."

## History 
A small statue may have inspired Debussy to write this piece. He kept this statue on his furniture, and called it "La Valse".

During the same year of its composition, an orchestration of the work was conceived, but Debussy opposed the score's heavy use of percussion and proposed a new one, writing to his publisher:
 

## Related pages 
* Impressionist music
* Romantic music

## References 
 

## Other websites 
* [Original solo-piano version at last.fm](http://www.last.fm/music/Claude+Debussy/_/La+plus+que+lente+(Valse))
Bob Moses (activist)

**Robert Parris Moses** (January 23, 1935 – July 25, 2021) was an American educator and civil rights activist. He was known for his work as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee during the Civil Rights Movement. He co-founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Moses was born in Harlem, New York.

Moses died on July 25, 2021 in Hollywood, Florida at the age of 86.

## References
Hoops & Yoyo

**Hoops&Yoyo** are greeting card characters from Hallmark Cards. They were created by Mike Adair and Bob Holt on September 11, 2003.

## Albums 
Hallmark released the Hoops & Yoyo *Jingle Jingle Wiggie* CD in December 2005. Hallmark released another Hoops&Yoyo CD called *One Donut a Day!* in July 2007.

## TV specials 
In November 2011, Hallmark released a Christmas special called *Hoops&Yoyo Ruin Christmas*. In October 2012, Hallmark released a Halloween special called *Hoops&Yoyo Haunted Halloween*.
Man of Steel (movie)

***Man of Steel*** is a 2013 superhero movie that is inspired by the DC Comics character Superman. It is directed by Zack Snyder and is the first movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). It was written by Snyder, David S. Goyer and Christopher Nolan. It stars Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Michael Shannon, Kevin Costner, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Antje Traue, Ayelet Zurer, Christopher Meloni and Russell Crowe. 

The movie was filmed in Chicago and Vancouver. 

*Man of Steel* was released in theaters on June 14, 2013, in 2D, 3D, and IMAX. The movie had divisive reviews from critics as some people liked the "darker, more realistic" retelling of Superman's origin story while others, who were used to a more joyful Superman, did not. A follow-up movie titled *Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice* was released on March 25, 2016.

## Cast
*Henry Cavill as Kal-El / Clark Kent / Superman
*Amy Adams as Lois Lane
*Michael Shannon as General Zod
*Kevin Costner and Diane Lane as Jonathan and Martha Kent
*Laurence Fishburne as Perry White
*Antje Traue as Faora-Ul
*Russell Crowe as Jor-El
*Ayelet Zurer as Lara Lor-Van
*Christopher Meloni as Colonel Nathan Hardy
*Harry Lennix also plays General Calvin Swanwick, who is later revealed to be the Martian Manhunter in ''Zack Snyder's Justice League''

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*  
*
Japanese flying squid

The **Japanese flying squid**, **Japanese common squid** or **Pacific flying squid**, scientific name *Todarodes pacificus*, is a squid of the family Ommastrephidae. This animal lives in the northern Pacific Ocean, in the area surrounding Japan, along the entire coast of China up to Russia, then spreading across the Bering Strait east towards the southern coast of Alaska and Canada. They tend to cluster around the central region of Vietnam.

## "Flying" 
Flying squid have been spotted to covering distances as long as 30m above the surface of the water, presumably to avoid predators or save energy as they migrate across vast expanses of ocean, uniquely utilizing jet-propelled aerial locomotion. However, the behavior is not unique to the species, and is quite common in the Oegopsida order.
Firefly squid

The **firefly squid** (*Watasenia scintillans*), also commonly known as the **sparkling enope squid** or **hotaru-ika** in Japan, is a species of squid in the family Enoploteuthidae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus ***Watasenia.*** These tiny squid are found on the shores of Japan in springtime during spawning season, but spend most of their life in deeper waters between 200 and 400 metres (700 and 1,300 feet; 100 and 200 fathoms). They are bioluminescent organisms and emit blue light from photophores, which some scientists have thought could be used for communication, camouflage, or attracting food, but it is still unclear in the scientific community exactly how this species uses their bioluminescence. The firefly squid is a predator and actively hunts its food, which includes copepods, small fish, and other squids. The lifespan of a firefly squid is about one year. At the end of their lives females return close to shore to release their eggs, and then die shortly thereafter. This mass migration of firefly squid to the shore is amazing business for Japanese fishermen, and during spawning season many go out to the bays to collect the dying squid. Many more also visit Japan during spawning season to see the bright blue light created from the firefly squid's bioluminescence light up the bay, making their spawning season not only a fishing opportunity but also a tourist attraction.
State of Franklin

The **State of Franklin** (also the **Free Republic of Franklin** or the **State of Frankland**) was a part of the United States of America that wanted to become a U.S. state. The  state was located in what is now the eastern part of Tennessee.

## References
SANSA Flight 32

**SANSA Flight 32** was an airplane flight from Juan Santamaría International Airport to Palmar Sur Airport. On January 15, 1990, the CASA C-212 Aviocar (registered TI-SAB) that was doing the flight crashed into a mountain after takeoff. All 20 passengers and 3 crew members on board died.

## Aircraft
The incident aircraft, TI-SAB, was an CASA C-212 Aviocar which flew for Sansa Airlines.

## Flight
The aircraft took off at 8:25&nbsp;a.m. CST. Air traffic control had the plane fly to 5500 ft (1676 m). After this, air traffic control had the plane fly to 8500 ft (2600 m). While flying at 7200 ft (2200 m), the plane crashed into a mountain, killing all on board.

## References
Burgoberbach

**Burgoberbach** is a municipality in Ansbach, a district *(Landkreis)* in Middle Franconia.

In the graveyard of the Catholic church of St. Leonhard lies the grave of Flying Officer George Warren, administered by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

## References
## Other websites
*
Ezekiel

**Ezekiel** () was a prophet in the Old Testament of the Bible (also known as the Hebrew Bible). He is known for having a vision of God along with 4 creatures (supposedly angels).

## Other websites 
* Book of Ezekiel on BibleGateway
Cleavage (breasts)

**Cleavage** is the low-cut in women's clothing, partially revealing the women's breasts. It is also used with an erotic purpose.   

In 1805, in geology and mineralogy, cleavage meant "tendency (of rocks or gems) to break cleanly along natural fissures." General meaning "action or state of cleaving or being cleft" is from 1867.   

The sense of "cleft between a woman's breasts in low-cut clothing" is first recorded 1946, defined in a "Time" magazine article.

## References
Tōdai-ji

**Tōdai-ji** () is a temple of the Huayan in Nara, Japan. It was built by order of Emperor Shōmu, 45th moarch of Japan in the Nara period. It is registered as a World Heritage Site as part of Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara. It is famous for a statue named Daibutsu.
Kōtoku-in

The **Kōtoku-in** () is a temple of the Jōdo-shū in Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan. It is famous for *Daibutsu*.
Ivan Toplak

**Ivan Toplak** (Serbian Cyrillic: Иван Toплaк; 21 September 1931 — 26 July 2021) was a Serbian football player and manager. Toplak played for NK Olimpija Ljubljana and Red Star Belgrade. He also represented the Yugoslavia national team. Toplak was born in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.

Toplak died on 26 July 2021 in Maribor, Slovenia at the age of 89.

## Honours
### Player
**Olimpija Ljubljana** 
*Slovenian Republic League: 1952

**Red Star Belgrade** 
*Yugoslav First League: 1955–56, 1956–57, 1958–59, 1959–60
*Yugoslav Cup: 1957–58, 1958–59
*Mitropa Cup: 1958

### Manager
**Yugoslavia**
*Summer Olympics Third place: 1984

## References
Jerónimos Monastery

The **Jerónimos Monastery** () is a Monastery that is located in Lisbon, Portugal. It is registered as a World Cultural Heritage Site.

## References
Dragnet (1987 movie)

***Dragnet*** is a 1987 American comedy movie, directed and co-written by Tom Mankiewicz. It is based on the radio and television crime drama of the same name. It stars Dan Aykroyd, Tom Hanks, Christopher Plummer, Harry Morgan, Alexandra Paul and Dabney Coleman.

## References
Byōdō-in

**Byōdō-in** () is a Buddhist temple that is located in Uji, Kyoto in Japan. It is registered as a World Heritage Site as part of Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto.
Robert Levin

**Robert David Levin** (born October 13, 1947) is an American classical pianist, musicologist, and composer.

## Education 
He studied in Harvard University where he got a bachelor degree in arts in 1968 with a thesis entitled The Unfinished Works of W. A. Mozart.

## Career 
In addition to music history and theory Levin's academic career also includes teaching performance practice with an emphasis on the Classical period. From 1986 to 1993, he worked as professor of piano at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg in Germany. Since 1993 he's been a professor at his alma mater, Harvard University.

Levin completed or reconstructed unfinished compositions by Mozart and J.S.Bach.

## References 
## Other websites 
* "Robert Levin". *Rayfield Allied*
* Article in the Juilliard Journal: "Robert Levin on Finishing Mozart"
Jason Njoku

**Jason Chukwuma Njoku** (born 11 December 1980) is a British-Nigerian businessman, the co-founder and CEO of iROKOtv.

## Education 
Njoku holds bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Manchester. 

## References
Rinki Sethi

**Rinki Sethi** is the vice president and Chief Information Security Officer at Twitter Inc since September 2020. 

## References
Avianca Flight 52

**Avianca Flight 52** was a scheduled flight from Bogotá to New York City. On January 25, 1990, the Boeing 707 (registered HK-2016) flying the route crashed after running out of fuel, killing 65 passengers and 8 crew members.

## Aircraft
The incident aircraft, HK-2016, was as Boeing 707 which flew for Avianca. The aircraft was made in 1967 and bought by Pan Am. Avianca bought the plane from Pan Am in 1977. The aircraft had flew for a total of 61,000 hours and was 22 years old.

## Accident
On January 25, 1990, the aircraft took off at 13:10 EST. The airplane circled near Norfolk, Virginia from 19:04 to 19:23. The aircraft was then put into a holding pattern at 20:18. 

Air traffic control told Flight 52 that there was an  hold at JFK, and told Flight 52 that they could go to their other airport, which is used in case a plane cannot reach its destination. The pilots denied this, and stated they did not have enough fuel to reach their other airport. At 20:46, the flight was cleared to go to JFK airport. 

### Attempt to land
At 21:00, JFK airport was experiencing light drizzle with fog. The landing gear was put out at 21:19. The first officer then told the pilot that the plane was below the glideslope, a way to measure the rate a plane is going down while landing. The plane then went above and below the correct glideslope. The plane experienced a wind shear and the pilots made a missed approach. 

After taking a left turn, the captain told the first officer to tell air traffic control they were in an emergency. The first officer told control that "we'll try once again[;] we're running out of fuel," to which the controller replied, "okay." The captain then told the first officer again to "advise him we are [in an] emergency" and asked if he did, and the first officer replied, "Yes sir, I already advised him so

."

At 21:32, the aircraft lost all power in two out of four engines." The pilot told air traffic control that they had "just lost two engines[,] and&nbsp;...&nbsp;[they] need priority please." The control tower told the pilot that they were clear for approach and the pilot acknowledged, which was the last time Flight 52 sent a message.

### Crash
The flight crashed at 21:34. The aircraft hit trees and crashed onto a hill in Cove Neck, New York.

## References
Malcolm Bilson

**Malcolm Bilson** (born October 24, 1935) is an American pianist and musicologist specialising in 18th- and 19th-century music.

Bilson was born in Los Angeles, California.  In 1957 He graduated from Bard College and later studied in Berlin and Paris. Now he is the Frederick J. Whiton Professor of Music at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. With years Bilson developed a reputation as a fortepiano performer. In 1974 he founded the *Amadé Trio* that was performing on historical instruments. Being retired since 2006, he remained active in teaching and performing. 

Bilson has published several articles on the topic of interpreting late 18th- and early 19th-century works by Schubert, Mozart and Beethoven in Early Music and Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Malcolm Bilson's official website
* Malcolm Bilson | Department of Music Cornell Arts & Sciences
Ronald Brautigam

**Ronald Brautigam** (born 1954) is a Dutch classical pianist. Brautigam is known for his performances of Beethoven's piano works on the fortepiano.

In 1984 he received the Nederlandse Muziekprijs, and in 2015 his Beethoven recordings got the Edison Award and also the annual German Record Critics' Prize. He currently lives in Amsterdam, Netherlands, with his wife. He has been a professor at the University of Music of the Basel Music Academy since 2011.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Ronald Brautigam's official website
* Interview with Ronald Brautigam "Ronald Brautigam on historical pianos". *bachtrack.com*
Alexei Lubimov

**Alexei Lubimov** (born 1944 as Алексе́й Бори́сович Люби́мов, Alexey Borisovich Lyubimov) is a Russian pianist.

He performs on such historical instruments as fortepiano and harpsichord. Lubimov studied at the Moscow Conservatory. In the past he gave concerts with the London Philharmonic, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Russian National Orchestra in Moscow, and the Tonkünstlerorchester.

Lubimov made several recordings using original historical fortepianos as well as replicas. Among others these recordings include works of Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin and Debussy.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Alexei Lubimov at *www.seattlesymphony.org*
* About Lubimov in California Artists Management
Nexus 5

**Nexus 5** is an Android smartphone sold by Google and produced by LG Electronics.

## References 
## Other websites 
*
Terrorism in the United Kingdom

and London are by far the most common locations of attacks.]]

**Terrorism in the United Kingdom**, according to the Home Office, is a big threat to the nation. There have been a few different causes of terrorism in the UK. in the 20th century, most attacks were caused by the Northern Ireland conflict (the Troubles). In the 21st century, most of the attacks were by Middle Eastern terrorist groups, most of which were linked with Islamism and/or the Arab–Israeli conflict.

Since 1970, it is thought that there have been at least 3,395 terrorist-caused deaths in the UK, the highest number of deaths in Western Europe. Most of the deaths took place in Northern Ireland. Since 2001, there have been almost 100 terrorist-related deaths in Great Britain, most of which were caused by the 7 July 2005 London bombings in 2005 and the Manchester Arena bombing in 2017.

## References
Kristian Bezuidenhout

**Kristian Bezuidenhout** (born in 1979 in South Africa) is an Australian classical pianist currently living in London.

He was born in King William's Town in Eastern South Africa and moved with his family to Australia in 1988. Bezuidenhout started his musical studies in Australia and completed them at the Eastman School of Music in New York. Being interested in historical performance, he started studying fortepiano with an American professor and a pianist Malcolm Bilson. Bezuidenhout won the first prize in the Bruges Fortepiano Competition being just 21 years old. 

During his career Bezuidenhout has already collaborated with the Freiburg Baroque Orchestra, Concerto Köln, the Collegium Vocale Gent and Les Arts Florissants.  He also worked together with such conductors as Trevor Pinnock and John Eliot Gardiner. His wide list of recordings include works of Schumann, Mozart, Haydn and other classical composers.

## References 
## Other websites 
* Kristian Bezuidenhout's official website
Girl with a Pearl Earring

***The Girl with a Pearl Earring*** () is an oil painting by Dutch Golden Age painter Johannes Vermeer, dated  1665. It got this name in the late 20th century. It shows a girl wearing a turban and a pearl earing.

The painting is a tronie, the Dutch 17th-century description of a "head" that was not meant to be a portrait. It shows a European girl wearing a fancy dress, a head wrap, and what looks to be a very big pearl as an earring. The girl in the painting is unknown. She may be a model, or Vermeer's own ideal creation. Not many art historians believe the story that she is the artist's oldest daughter, Maria.
Andy Rubin

Andrew Rubin is an American computer programmer, engineer, entrepreneur. He is the founder and former CEO of venture capital firm Playground Global.

## References
COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius

The **COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius** is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus&nbsp;2 ().

On 18 March 2020, the Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth confirmed that there were three cases of COVID-19 in Mauritius.

## Notes 
## References
COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the Comoros on 30 April 2020. On 4 May, the first death was announced.

## Notes 
## References
Nexus 10

**Nexus 10** is a tablet computer produced by Google and Samsung Electronics. It uses the Android operating system.

## References
Pengsiba

**Pengsiba** () or **Pengshiba** () was a ruler of ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). He was a successor of Khui Ningomba and the predecessor of Kaokhangba. In the 4th century AD, during the reign of his era, Manipuri traders reached out on horseback to upper Burma and China. He is one of the nine kings who are associated with the design of a historic flag.

## Other books
* 
* 
* 

## References
LineageOS

**LineageOS** is a free and open-source software operating system for smartphones, tablets and computers.

## References
Boana palaestes

***Boana palaestes*** is a frog that lives in Peru. Scientists save seen it in two places on the east side of the Andes Mountains.

## References
Duluth International Airport

**Duluth International Airport** is an airport owned by the city of Duluth, Minnesota. The airport is used for military and commercial reasons. 

## History
Northwest Airlines began using the airport in 1940. In 1942, the airport stopped doing flights because of World War II.

American Airlines began using the airport in 2019 for flights to O'Hare International Airport in Chicago. However, American Airlines stopped flights into Duluth International in April 2020, saying the airport had little demand. 

## Airlines
These airlines fly to and from Duluth International;

*Delta Air Lines
*Delta Connection
*United Airlines
*United Express

## References
Amphibian Species of the World

***Amphibian Species of the World 6.1: An Online Reference*** (**ASW**) is a database of amphibian science.  It lists the names of frogs, salamanders and other amphibians, which scientists discovered each species, and what year.  It also says where the amphibians live.

The American Museum of Natural History hosts *Amphibian Species of the World*.

## History
The Association of Systematics Collections (ASC) started this project in 1978 because the Convention on Trade In Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES) needed a database for animals. (The ASC later changed its name to Natural Science Collections Alliance.) The ASC's Stephen R. Edwards wrote *Mammal Species of the World* first and started *Amphibian Species of the World* second.  Edwards decided to write about living amphibians because Richard G. Zweifel had just written a large list of amphibian names and because experts from the University of Kansas were there to help.  Darrel Frost came to help Edwards.  Frost planned to write *Turtle and Crocodilian Species of the World* next, but he decided to finish his Ph.D. instead.

In 1985, the ASC gave the copyright for *Amphibian Species of the World* to the Herpetologists' League, and they added more amphibians to it.  The League and American Museum of Natural History put D.R. Frost in charge of the project.  At the time, Frost was a curator at the American Museum of Natural History.  Frost added more information for professional amphibian scientists to use.  He corrected bad information.  He added more species that had been discovered after 1985.

## Response
According to Amphibians.org, "For three decades ASW has been the primary reference for amphibian taxonomy." In 2013, Frost won the Sabin Award for his work on *Amphibian Species of the World*.
## Related pages
**Mammal Species of the World*

## References
## Other websites
*Site hosted by American Museum of Natural History
Belém Tower

The **Belém Tower** is a tower that is located in Lisbon, Portugal. It is registered as a World Cultural Heritage Site.
## References
List of national dishes

A **National cuisine** is a cuisine or a dish that is chosen by a country as a symbol or a delicacy for that country.

## National dishes
## References
Tino Fariña

**Tino Fariña** (Güímar, 1951 – Güímar, June 19, 1994) was a Spanish surrealist painter.

## Biography 
Tino Fariña was a self-taught painter. After finishing his pre-university studies, he moved to Madrid, where he lived for two years and attended the Escuela de Artes Aplicadas y Oficios Artísticos. In 1973, he went to London, where he worked and developed as an artist. Before returning to the Canary Islands, he worked for two years as a painter in Palma de Mallorca. In 1980, he returned to the island of Tenerife and began studying to become a teacher at the ULL.

In 1990, he exhibited for the first time his work entitled "La fijación del olvido", at the IX Festival Internacional de Cine Ecológico y de Naturaleza de Canarias (I Premio de Pintura Luis de la Cruz y Ríos), in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife.

The collective exhibition "De todo corazón", held in Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1994, was the last time the artist's work was exhibited to the public.

Tino Fariña died on June 19, 1994, at the age of 43, in Güímar, his hometown.

## Calle Pintor Tino Fariña 
In 2008, the Mayor's Office of the Municipality of Güímar called for a competition and named a public space dedicated to the artist: Calle Pintor Tino Fariña.

The street Pintor Tino Fariña is located in 38508 Puertito de Güímar, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. It is located between Avenida Olof Palme and Avenida Ingeniero Manuel Gonzales. It borders with Calle Pintora Isabel Pérez, Calle Lepanto and Calle Hernán Cortés. Nearby is the Virgen del Carmen bakery, parking for the disabled, Spar Puertito Güímar and Club de Padel las Palmeras.

## Works 
* *illa en equilibrio I* (1987)
* *Silla en equilibrio II* (1987)
* *Esfinge* (1988)
* *Desde el balcón* (1988)
* *La fijación del olvido* (1988)
* *La visita* (1988)
* *La cuarta presencia* (1989)
* *Desesperación* (1989)
* *Hermafrodita* (1989)
* *Yo* (1989)
* *Relojes antropomorfos* (1989)
* *La espera* (1989)
* *La piedra negra* (1989)

* *La continuidad perturbada* (1990)

* Yo (1989) *Paisaje interior I* (1991 o anterior)
* *Paisaje interior II* (1991 o anterior)
* *A las doce y media* (1991 o anterior)
** *Premonición* (1991)
** *Acantilado* (1991)

## References
Splitgate

***Splitgate*** is a free to play video game for Xbox One, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5 and PC. Splitgate's gameplay is built around the ideas of arena shooters like Halo, with added portal mechanics, similar to those added by Portal. Developed by a small game studio, 1047 Games it first saw a huge success when it became cross-platform across PC and console in July 2021, after 2 years of open beta.

## Other websites
*
List of national drinks

A **National drink** is a distinct beverage that is strongly associated with a particular country, and can be part of their national identity and self-image.

## National dishes
## References
Schignano

**Schignano** (Comasco: ) is a *comune* in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy.

## References