open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
DHL

**DHL** is an American founded German international logistics company. The company is providing courier, parcel delivery and express mail services. DHL is a division of the multinational logistics company Deutsche Post. DHL delivers more than 1.6 billion packages a year. It is headquartered in Bonn, Germany.

## History
### Background
At the beginning of the mass adoption of containers for shipping goods in the 1960s, mail services, mostly monopolies, were inefficient. The cargo documents related with the contents of the containers often also traveled by ship, so they arrived after the cargo, causing the accumulation of containers in the ports.
### Establishment
Between the three founders, they came up with the idea of delivering shipping papers early, by plane, from San Francisco to Honolulu. In this way, customs formalities could begin before the ship reached port. Unloading time was reduced, saving shipowners costs. To make these shipments, the company often gave away airline tickets to travelers willing to carry a suitcase of business documents. The idea was the start of a new industry. This is the international express delivery service that was initially nicknamed "Smuggling as a service".
### Foreign offices
From there, it underwent a great development. In 1970, DHL entered the East Coast of the United States and expanded into the Pacific in 1971. In 1974, it made its first European office in London. Since 1977, DHL has been present in the Middle East and in 1978 it opened its first office in Germany.

## References 
## Other websites
* 
* Major DHL Express feature on Global Aviation Resource
Dragan Tomić

**Dragan Tomić** (; 9 December 1935 – 21 June 2022) was a Serbian politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia. He was the President of the National Assembly from 1994 to 2001. He supported dictator Slobodan Milošević. From 1998 until 2000, he was the Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia. For a short time in 1997, he was the Acting President of Serbia.

Tomić died on 21 June 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.

## References
Auk

The **auk** is a type of bird. It is the English word for any bird in the family Alcidae.  There are many species of auk.  They live in the northern half of Planet Earth.

Some auks are small birds and some are medium-sized birds.  All auks live on or near the ocean.  They have long, thick bodies.  They have small wings and tails.  They have short legs and webbed feet.  Auks do not walk well.  They flap their wings very fast to fly.  When they fly, they cannot change direction as fast as other birds can.  But auks swim and dive well.  Auks look like penguins because they are usually black and white in color, with black on the back and white on the belly.  But auks and penguins are not closely related.  They do not live in the same places.  Auks can fly and penguins cannot.

Most auks live on the ocean.  They stay far from land for months.  They come to land to build nests, lay eggs, and raise young auk chicks. and 23 species in the auk family. There are razorbills, murres, guillemots, puffins, and the little auk. One species of auk, the great auk, is extinct. All great auks are dead.

**Aethia*
**Alca*
**Alle*
**Brachyramphus*
**Cepphus*
**Cerorhinca*
**Fratercula*
**Pinguinus* (dead)
**Ptychoramphus*
**Synthliboramphus*
**Uria*

## References
Arati Prabhakar

**Arati Prabhakar** (born February 2, 1959) is an Indian-born American engineer and politician. She was the Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy from 2022 until 2025. She is a founder and the CEO of Actuate, a nonprofit organization. 

In June 2022, Prabhaker was nominated to be Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) by President Joe Biden. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 22, 2022 and sworn-in the following week.

She headed National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from 1993 to 1997, and was the first woman to head NIST.

Prabhakar was born in New Delhi, India and her family moved to the United States when she was three. At first, her family moved to Chicago and later to Lubbock, Texas.

## References
List of serial killers by number of victims

A serial killer is defined as a person who kills three or more people, in three or more separate events over a period of time. There are gaps of time in between the killings, which may comprise of a few hours up to many years. This list shows serial killers in order of how many victims they had. In many cases, the exact number of victims assigned to a serial killer is not exactly known, and even if that person is convicted of a few, there can be the possibility that he/she killed many more.

The second column in the table states the number of victims that were definitely assigned to that particular serial killer. The third column states the number of other possible victims that the killer could also have murdered. Some of these crimes are yet to be solved, but have been included because they are notorious or clearly the work of a serial killer, despite nobody being caught.
Jack Nance

**Marvin John Nance** (December 21, 1943 – December 30, 1996) was an American actor. He worked with moviemaker David Lynch many times. He was in Lynch's first movie *Eraserhead* (1977). He was also in *Twin Peaks* (1990–1991) as Pete Martell.

Nance died at his apartment in South Pasadena, California on December 30, 1996, one week after his 53rd birthday. The cause of death was a subdural hematoma from an injury he got in a street fight the morning before.

## References
Los Indios, Texas

**Los Indios** is a town in Cameron County, Texas in the United States. The population was 1,008 at the 2020 census. It is close to the Mexico–United States border and is called a border town because of it.

## References
Face the Promise

***Face the Promise*** is the sixteenth studio album by Bob Seger. The album was released on September 12, 2006.

## Track listing
## References
Smile PreCure!

is a 2012 Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation and the ninth installment in Izumi Todo's *Pretty Cure* franchise, featuring the seventh generation of Cures. The English version of the show is titled *Glitter Force*, and it was released as a Netflix original.

## References
## Other websites
*  (Toei Animation) 
* Smile PreCure! at Netflix
* Anime official website at ABC / Asahi TV 
*
Regimantas Adomaitis

**Regimantas Adomaitis** (31 January 1937 – 20 June 2022) was a Lithuanian actor. He was born in Šiauliai, Lithuania. His career began in 1963. 

His best known roles were in *Nobody Wanted to Die* (1966), *East Corridor* (1966), *Feelings* (1968), *King Lear* (1971), *That Sweet Word: Liberty!* (1973), ''Devil's Bride* (1974), *Centaurs* (1978), *Faktas* (1981), *The Trust That Has Burst* (1983) and *Moscow Saga'' (2004).

Adomaitis died on 20 June 2022 in Vilnius, Lithuania from a heart attack caused by his cancer treatment at the age of 85.

## References
Marshall County High School shooting

The **Marshall County High School massacre** was a shooting incident at Marshall County High School in Benton, Kentucky on January 23, 2018. As students were gathering in an open area prior to the start of classes, a 15-year old student opened fire on the gathered students, killing a 15-year old girl instantly, with a 15-year old boy dying at a nearby hospital. Seventeen others were injured.

## Reactions
Many state and federal politicians released statements about the incident. Kentucky Governor Matt Bevin was rushed to the scene in order to assess the situation personally and to give an on-site statement.
## References
This Is How We Roll

"**This Is How We Roll**" is a song recorded by American country music duo Florida Georgia Line as a duet with fellow country singer Luke Bryan. It is the fifth single from Florida Georgia Line's album Here's to the Good Times. It is only included on the 2013 This Is How We Roll rerelease. The duo's two members, Tyler Hubbard and Brian Kelley, co-wrote the song with Bryan and Cole Swindell.

## Review
In a review of the album's rerelease, Matt Bjorke of Roughstock wrote that it is a "song which is definitely well within the musical pocket each of the song’s writers have in their music and an obvious choice for single at some point. It’s another sing-a-long, small town love type of song but does that matter at this point, it’s a song that’s all about feeling good with people you love to be with."[1]

## Music video
The music video was directed by Marc Klasfeld and premiered in March 2014.

## Chart performance
## References
DokiDoki! PreCure

, is a Japanese anime series.

## References
## Other websites
*  at Netflix
* Toei Animation's DokiDoki!  PreCure site 
* ABC's DokiDoki!  PreCure site 
*
Everything's Gonna Be Great

'''''Everything's Gonna Be Great''''' () is a 1998 Turkish black comedy movie directed by Ömer Vargı and starring Cem Yılmaz, Mazhar Alanson, Ceyda Düvenci, Selim Naşit Özcan, Mustafa Uzunyılmaz, Adnan Tönel.

## Other websites
*
Florida Georgia Line

**Florida Georgia Line**, also known as FGL, is an American country music duo composed of Tyler Hubbard (from Monroe, Georgia) and Brian Kelley (from Ormond Beach, Florida). In December of 2011, they signed a publishing/production/management deal with Craig Wiseman (Big Loud Shirt Publishing), Kevin "Chief" Zaruk (Chief Music Management) and Joey Moi's (Mountain View Records) partnership, Big Loud Mountain.[2] Their second EP, ''It'z Just What We Do*, charted on the *Billboard* Top Country Albums chart. Florida Georgia Line played on the 2012 Country Throwdown Tour, sponsored as the Kingsford BBQ Band, along with acts such as Josh Thompson, Corey Smith, Gary Allan, Justin Moore, and Rodney Atkins. They have also opened for Brantley Gilbert, Jake Owen, Colt Ford and Dierks Bentley.

On July 16, 2012, Florida Georgia Line signed with Republic Nashville, part of the Big Machine Label Group.

On August 1, 2012, Florida Georgia Line and director Brian Lazzaro of Tacklebox Films started shooting their first music video, "Cruise".

## History 
Hubbard and Kelley both began playing guitar individually while they were in high school. They then met through a mutual friend in Nashville, Tennessee while attending Belmont University.

## Musical career 
### *Anything Like Me'' 
Florida Georgia Line's first EP, which was released December 14, 2010, is a six song EP which was produced by Wesley Walker and FGL. All of the songs were written by either Hubbard or both Hubbard and Kelley. The EP consists of the songs: "You're Country", "Now That She's Gone", "Man I Am Today", "Never Let Her Go" (co-written with "Cruise" co-writer Jesse Rice), "Black Tears", and "Backwoods Beauty Queen". The song "Black Tears" was also recorded by Jason Aldean on his 2012 album *Night Train*.

### ''It'z Just What We Do'' 
The duo's second EP, is a 5 song EP produced by Joey Moi on Big Loud Mountain Records, LLC and was released on May 15, 2012. The EP starts off with "Cruise" which has been climbing various charts. The EP also includes "Get Your Shine On", "Tip It Back", "Tell Me How You Like It" and the title track "It'z Just What We Do".

## Discography 
**Studio albums**

* ''Here's to the Good Times* (2012)
* *Anything Goes* (2014)
* *Dig Your Roots* (2016)
* *Can't Say I Ain't Country* (2019)
* *Life Rolls On'' (2021)

## Tours 
**Headlining**

* Here's to the Good Times Tour (2013–2014)
* Anything Goes Tour (2015)
* Dig Your Roots Tour (2016)
* Smooth Tour (2017)
* Can't Say I Ain't Country Tour (2019)

**Supporting**

* The Summer Never Ends Tour (2012) with Jake Owen
* Dirt Road Diaries Tour (2013) with Luke Bryan
* The Red Tour (2013) with Taylor Swift (12 shows)
* Burn It Down Tour (2014) with Jason Aldean
* Kick the Dust Up Tour (2015) with Luke Bryan (stadium dates only)
* Chillaxification Tour (2020) with Kenny Chesney (stadium dates only)

## References
Anadolu Kartalları

***Anadolu Kartalları*** (Anatolian Eagles) is a 2011 Turkish romantic adventure drama movie directed by Ömer Vargı and starring Engin Altan Düzyatan, Çağatay Ulusoy, Özge Özpirinçci, Hande Subaşı, Ekin Türkmen.

## Other websites
*
Eaton Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania

**Eaton Township** is a township located in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, 1,435 people lived in the township.

## Geography 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of .   of this area is land and  of it is water. The total area is 3.11% water.

## Demographics 
As of the census of 2020, there are 1,435 people, 631 households, and 408 families living in the township. The population density is 39.9 people per sq mi (15.4/km²). There are 799 housing units. The racial makeup of the township is 94.0% White, 0.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. 0.8% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 631 households. Of these. 20.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.1% are married couples living together, 24.1% have a woman without a husband, 18.5% have a man without a wife, and 35.3% are non-families. 29.5% of all households have only one person, and 16.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.27.

In the township, the population varies in age. Of the total population, 14.9% are under the age of 18, 7.0% are from 18 to 24, 22.2% are from 25 to 44, 28.5% are from 45 to 64, and 27.4% are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 50.8 years. There are 724 females and 711 males.

As of 2022, the median income for a household in the township is $37,174. The median income for a family is $50,132. Males have a median income of $30,817 versus $20,893 for females. The per capita income for the township is $18,464. 6.5% of the population and 3.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total number of people living in poverty, 7.2% are under the age of 18 and 7.1% are 65 or older.

## References
The Thief of Bagdad (1940 movie)

***The Thief of Bagdad*** is a 1940 British American fantasy adventure movie directed by Alexander Korda, Zoltan Korda, Ludwig Berger, Michael Powell, Tim Whelan and starring Sabu, Conrad Veidt, John Justin, June Duprez, Rex Ingram, Miles Malleson, Hay Petrie. It was distributed by United Artists. The movie won three and was nominated for one Academy Awards in 1941.

## References
## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Tsutako Nakasone

**Tsutako Nakasone** (30 October 1921  7 November 2012) is the wife of Yasuhiro Nakasone and mother of Hirofumi Nakasone.

## Other website
Jimmy Dore

**James Patrick Anthony Dore** (born July 26, 1965) is an American comedian, political commentator, and YouTube personality. He is the host of ***The Jimmy Dore Show***. His works are sketch comedy routines. He criticizes the Democratic Party. From 2009 until 2019, he worked for The Young Turks.

Dore supports progressive American politicians such as Bernie Sanders and criticizes other Democratic politicians like Hillary Clinton, Elizabeth Warren, Nancy Pelosi and Joe Biden.

In 2021, Ana Kasparian accused Dore of sexual harassing her when they worked together at *The Young Turks*.

## Notes
## References
June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake

An earthquake, about moment magnitude () 6.2, hit the Durand Line, between Afghanistan and Pakistan on 22 June 2022 at 02:24 Afghanistan Time (UTC+4:30).

The earthquake destroyed many houses in Afghanistan. It was felt in the southern parts of India and Pakistan's capital Islamabad and eastern Punjab province. At least 1000 people were killed and 1500 were injured.

## Related pages
*January 2022 Afghanistan earthquake

## References
2022 Afghanistan earthquake

**2022 Afghanistan earthquake** may refer to:

* January 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
* June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
Peter Barter

**Sir Peter Leslie Charles Barter**,  (26 March 1940 – 21 June 2022) was an Australian-born Papua New Guinean businessman and politician. He owned and operated the Madang Resort. He was Governor of the Madang Province between 1997 until 2002. He was also an important person in Bougainville. He created the Melanesian Foundation in 1980. Barter was born in Sydney, Australia. He was knighted in 2001.

Barter died on 21 June 2022 at a hospital in Cairns, Australia from a short-illness, aged 82.

## References
Manuel Ferrara

**Manuel Jeannin** (; born 1 November 1975), known professionally as **Manuel Ferrara**, is a French-American pornographic actor and director. He was born in Le Raincy, France. He is one of the best known pornographic actors. Ferrara has won over 64 adult industry awards. His career began in 1997.

Ferrara became close with pornographic actor Rocco Siffredi, who helped him get a role in his first American porno *Fashionistas*. He later appeared in ''Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp''. 

In 2012, he began a relationship with pornographic actress Kayden Kross. They have one daughter. He was married to actress Dana Vespoli from 2005 and they divorced in 2012. They had three children.

## References
Kayden Kross

**Kayden Kross** (born 1985) is an American pornographic actress and director. 

She is a member of the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame.

Kross has acted in the FX's comedy series *The League*, the G4 reality series *The Block*, and  *Family Jewels*.

She was named *Penthouse* Pet of the Month for September 2008. 

In 2008, she worked against a proposed tax in California on all producers and distributors of adult entertainment.

## References
Dana Vespoli

**Dana Vespoli** is an American pornographic actress and movie director. 

Vespoli began performing at age 31 as a stripper. She began her pornographic career in 2003. 

In April 2006, Vespoli began directing for Digital Sin. Her directing work has focused mainly on lesbian scenes.

In 2011, *Complex* named her thirteenth on their list of "The Top 50 Hottest Asian Porn Stars of All Time". Vespoli entered the AVN Hall of Fame in 2016.

## References
Edgar Wallace

**Richard Horatio Edgar Wallace** (1 April 1875 – 10 February 1932) was a British writer. He was a war correspondent during the Second Boer War, for Reuters and the *Daily Mail*. He wrote *The Four Just Men* (1905). 

He ran for Liberal MP for Blackpool in the 1931 general election. After losing the election, Wallace moved to Hollywood, where he worked as a script writer for RKO. There he created King Kong.

He died suddenly from diabetes while writing the draft screenplay for *King Kong* (1933).

## References
GeoGuessr

***Geoguessr*** is a browser game about geography. Players guess places from street view pictures. It was released in May 2013. The game has been called a great geographical educational tool. With this game, players learn specific things to help them guess the places they are given such as writings, soil types, and flora.

The game requires a paid subcription but players are given 1 free game a day thats only 3 rounds. 

## References
Dorus Elten

**Dorus Elten** was a Dutch boxer. He competed in the heavyweight and light heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1936 and 1950.

Elten made his debut on 19 October 1936 in Rotterdam against Albert Pralle and won (KO). During his career he had 68 fights, winning 22 of them (41 losses, 5 draws). 

Elten was multiple times Dutch national champion between 1939 and 1948, including winning a March on the national title in December 1939 beating title holder Harry Staal, 1943 beating Rienus de Boer and in  1944 beating Rienus de Boer.

## References
## Other websites
*Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher
*1943 news video Elten vs. Rienus de Boer
Piet van der Veer

**Piet van der Veer** (20 October 1896 — 3 December 1948) was a Dutch boxer from Rotterdam. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1918 and 1930. In 1962 he was described as the best Dutch heavyweight boxer ever. It has been stated that Van der Veer had feelings of inferiority and that was he was mentally unable during matches to get everything out of himself. Van der Veer was a strong person, and was strong enough to lift a horse and turn the horse around. Van der Veen fought twice against European Champion Erminio Spalla but lost both times on points after 20 rounds of 3 minutes. The defeat had a negative impact on his career. He started training less and his fears increased. During a fight in 1926 against Riccardo Bertazzolo, his heart started to hurt and was stopped by the doctor from fighting. After the fight against Belgian Pierre Charles in July 1930 he deciced to retire from boxing. 

## Personal life
Van der Veen worked as a blacksmith at a brewery in Rotterdam. In his last years he struggled with health problems. He died on 3 December 1948 in Rotterdam at the age of 52. 

## References
## Other websites
*Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher
Silent Trigger

***Silent Trigger*** is a 1996 Canadian American British Italian action thriller movie directed by Russell Mulcahy and starring Dolph Lundgren, Gina Bellman, Conrad Dunn, Christopher Heyerdahl, Dean Harris. It was distributed by Buena Vista..

## Other websites
* 
* 
*
Columbine effect

The **Columbine effect** is the legacy and impact of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre and the shooters Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. 

The shooting has inspired several copycat crimes. Many killers took inspiration from Harris and Klebold, for example Vladislav Roslyakov the perpetrator of the Kerch Polytechnic College massacre or Brian Draper and Torey Adamcik, the perpetrators of the murder of Cassie Jo Stoddart. Some killers described them as heroes, martyrs or icons.
Glottolog

**Glottolog** is the database of all languages in the world.

## Examples 
* stan1288 - Spanish
* stan1289 - Catalan
* stan1290 - French
* stan1293 - English
* stan1295 - German
* stan1306 - Malay
* stan1318 - Arabic
Sphaenorhynchus planicola

The **Rio lime tree frog** (*Sphaenorhynchus planicola*) is a frog. It lives in Brazil.  Scientists have seen not high above sea level near Rio de Janiero.

## References
2022 Indian presidential election

The **2022 Indian presidential election** was held on 18 July 2022 to elect the president of India. It was the 16th presidential election in India. The president at the time, Ram Nath Kovind, did not run for reelection. The election took place on 18 July 2022 with a turnout of 99.12%.

Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Droupadi Murmu won the election by a margin of 296,626 votes against Yashwant Sinha, the United Opposition candidate. Murmu became the first member of a scheduled tribe and second woman to become president. She is also the first president born after independence.

## Schedule
Due to the expiry of the term of President Ram Nath Kovind, an election poll to fill in the office is scheduled to be held on 18 July 2022. Counting of votes will take place on 21 July 2022. 

## Candidates
On 21 June 2022, Yashwant Sinha of AITC was chosen as common candidate of UPA and other opposition parties for 2022 Presidential Election. On the same day NDA chose Draupadi Murmu as its presidential candidate.

## Electoral system
The President of India is indirectly elected by an electoral college with 
*The elected members of both houses of parliament
*The elected members of the Legislative assemblies of the 28 states
*The elected members of the legislative assemblies of the union territories of Delhi,  Puducherry and Jammu and Kashmir. 
As of 2022, the electoral college has 776 MPs and 4,123 MLAs.

### Candidate nomination
The nomination of a candidate for election to the office of the President must be subscribed by at least 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders. The election is held by means of a secret ballot under the Instant-runoff voting system.
### Eligibility
Article 58 of the Indian Constitution provides that the President and Vice President of India must be citizens of India, and at least 35 years old. The Presidential candidate must be qualified for elections in the same way as a member of the Lok Sabha, and must not hold any office of profit under the Indian government.

The returning officer for the election was Anoop Mishra, the Secretary General of the Lok Sabha.

## Candidates 
## Results 
## References
2027 Indian presidential election
Jack Humbeeck

**Jack Humbeeck** also written as **Jaak van Humbeeck** (born 5 June 1904) was a Belgian boxer. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1921 and 1933.

## References
## Other websites
*Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher
I Come in Peace

***I Come in Peace*** (released under the alternative title ***Dark Angel***) is a 1990 American science fiction action movie directed by Craig R. Baxley and starring Dolph Lundgren, Brian Benben, Betsy Brantley, Matthias Hues, David Ackroyd.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
Leon Gerards

**Leon Gerards** is a former amateur Dutch boxer from Maastricht. Gerards became multiple time national champion, including in 1958 1962, Gerards was a member of the Dutch national team, representing the Netherlands at international competitions in the 1950s and 1960s.

Gerards was trained by Pie Lenaerts. In 1962 he received offers in the Netherlands and Germany to become a professional boxer, but on advise of his trainer, Gerards didn't accept the offers.

## References
## Other websites
*Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher
Siege of Cēsis Castle (1577)

The siege of Cēsis Castle in 1577 was a part of Ivan the Terrible's campaign to conquer Old Livonia.
## Explosion 
Cēsis Castle was guarded by the Polish troops being one of region's most important fortresses. 

Based on Laurentius Müller, the castle had only a few hundred people. Most of them were women and children while the Muscovites had thousands of men, with the heaviest of weapons. Having knowledge of the Muscovite ruler's brutality to his prisoner, townsmen of Cēsis sought shelter and refuge inside the castle.

After the five-days-long shelling cracks and holes caused by the heavy artillery of the Muscovites, the castle was extremely damaged and the  cesis castle was in serious danger along with the people in it. The townsmen of Cēsis however decide not to give themself up but rather decided to blow themselves up with gunpowder.
## Literature
 Salomon Henning's *Chronicle of Livonia and Courland* gives the most touching description of the mass suicide:One should have seen this sorrow beyond all sorrow as the good people knelt in the room beneath which the gunpowder had been placed. Man and wife held each others' hands, children gathered around their parents, some still nursing at their mothers' breasts, all awaiting blessed St. Simeon's hour. Nor, as the Muscovite soon hereafter began to storm and invade the castle, was it long delayed. The gunpowder was ignited and all were blown up, aside from those who had hidden elsewhere in the castle...

## References
Storm cellar

**Storm cellars** are underground structures that are either located below buildings, or are built underground near houses or other such buildings. They are reinforced structures into which residents can go for protection from a strong wind storm. They are common in areas that often have tornadoes and hurricanes.
## In houses
A typical storm cellar for a single family would be built nearby the home. It might have a floor area of eight by twelve feet, (2.5 x 3.5 m) and an arched roof like that of a quonset hut—but it would be entirely underground. In most cases the entire structure would be built of blocks faced with cement and rebar through the bricks for protection from the storm doing this makes it almost impossible for the bricks to fall apart. New ones sometimes are made of septic tanks that have been modified with a steel door and vents. Most storm cellars would be reached by a covered stairwell. At the opposite end of the structure there would be conduits for air that would reach the surface, and perhaps a small window to serve as an emergency exit and also to provide some light.

## Additional uses
A storm cellar may also be used to store canned goods for emergencies or for a long period of time.

## Further reading
The Secure Home, Joel Skousen, Swift Learning Resources; 3rd ed, 1999 (ISBN 1-56861-055-6)

## Related pages
*Storm door
*Storm drain
*Storm room
*Storm windows
* Tornado 
* Tornado Alley
Callirhytis seminator

***Callirhytis seminator***, the **wool sower gall wasp**, is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.

The wasps do not sting humans. They do not hurt the white oak trees.

## References
From Hell letter

**The "From Hell" letter** is the name given to a letter mailed in 1888 by a man who claimed to be the killer known as Jack the Ripper.

Many letters that were claimed to be from the killer were mailed in the time of the Ripper murders. But the "From Hell" letter is thought as one of the few writings from the serial killer. It should be noted that its author chose not to sign it with the pseudonym, "Jack the Ripper", distinguishing it from the earlier Dear Boss letter, the Saucy Jack postcard and their imitators.  Also, the "From Hell" letter is written at a much lower literacy level than the other two. It is argued that a person with little or no education would spell words based on what they sound like and as the 'k' in knife is silent, an uneducated man would not likely know that the 'k' was there at all. 

Postmarked on 15 October 1888, the letter was received by George Lusk, then head of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, the following day.
 1888.]]
The reason this letter stands out more than any other is that it was delivered with a small box containing a human kidney, preserved in alcohol. One of Catherine Eddowes' kidneys had been removed by the killer. Medical opinion at the time was split on whether the kidney was likely to have been the same as the one taken from Eddowes. Some officials thought the organ could have been acquired by medical students and sent with the letter as part of a hoax.
## Texts
The text of the letter reads:

## Loss of letter
The original letter, as well as the kidney with it, have been lost along with other items that were originally contained within the Ripper police files. It is possible that one or both was kept by an official as a souvenir of the case. The image shown here is from a photograph taken before the loss of the letter.

## Related pages 
* *From Hell*, a graphic novel, which takes its title from the "From Hell" letter.
* *From Hell*, a film based on the graphic novel.

## References 
* Casebook: Jack the Ripper article on the Ripper letters
* *Jack the Ripper: Letters From Hell*, by Stewart Evans and Keith Skinner, Sutton Publishing, 2001, ISBN 0-7509-2549-3
Delivery (commerce)

**Delivery** is the process of transporting goods. 
## Methods
Most goods are delivered through a transportation network. Cargo (physical goods) are delivered via roads and railroads on land, shipping lanes on the sea and airline networks in the air. Some goods may be delivered via other networks, such as: 
*pipelines for liquid goods
*power grids for electrical power
*computer networks such as the Internet
*broadcast networks for electronic information

## Related pages 
* Transport
Thomas Hardwicke

Major-General **Thomas Hardwicke** (1756 – 3 March 1835) was an English soldier and naturalist. He was in India from 1777 to 1823. He collected many specimens of natural history and had them painted by Indian artists. From these paintings many new species were described. Several of these species are named after him. On returning to England he collaborated with the zoologist John Edward Gray to publish *Illustrations of Indian Zoology* (1830–1835).
## References
HappinessCharge PreCure!

, also called ***HappinessCharge Pretty Cure!*** or **Happiness Charge PC** is a 2014 Japanese magical girl anime series by Toei Animation and the eleventh installment of the Pretty Cure franchise.

## Other websites
* Official website at Toei Animation 
* Official website at Asahi Broadcasting Corporation 
*
George Cook

**George Cook** (23 January 1898 — 8 October 1943) was an Australian boxer. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1916 and 1938.

Cook made his debut on 17 July 1916 in Sydney against Jim Tracey and lost on points. During his globe trotting career he had 106 fights, winning 43 of them (50 losses, 10 draws). He became multiple times Australian champion, Commonwealth champion and Billed for British Overseas Dominions champion.

Cook married in, or before, 1922.

## References
Melody (singer)

**Gabriella Abreu Severino** also known as **Melody** (born February 4, 2007) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter, Melody became known for her falsetto.

Melody has won national notoriety in early of 2015, after posting a video on her Facebook page singing the song "Fale de Mim", a song written by her father, Belinho. In a next video, she tried to do a falsetto by Christina Aguilera that went viral. Soon after, she made another video doing falsetto, this time with a friend of her father's.
Melody is considered one of the most influential Brazilian children on the internet.

## References
Morgan Wallen

**Morgan Wallen** (born May 13, 1993) is an American country musician and singer signed to Big Loud Records.

He has had a number one song on the Hot Country Songs chart, as late as 2025. His first number one song was in 2017, on the Country Airplay chart. He sings to a diverse audiences allowing his music to resonate beyond not just country audiences. He blends genres such as rock, hip-hop, and, most importantly, country. Wallen steps outside of traditional country sounds by mixing with familiar rap artists, such as "Lil Durk" and "Diplo". He focuses on universal experiences and relatable themes, including heartbreak, small town life, growing up, partying, and other common life experiences. His presence with his audiences and on social media has helped him engage and connect with younger and more diverse audiences that don't typically listen to country music. 

## Early life 
Wallen was born in Sneedville, Tennessee. His father was a preacher. As a child, Wallen took piano and violin lessons. He played baseball in college but after an injury, he chose to pursue music instead. In 2014, he competed in season 6 of The Voice where he was eliminated.

## Career
In late 2016, Wallen signed to Big Loud Records, a label owned by record producer Joey Moi. He released his first single "The Way I Talk" soon after. In addition, he co-wrote the A Thousand Horses single "Preachin' to the Choir". In April 2017, Wallen released a music video for "The Way I Talk". He also joined Florida Georgia Line for set dates on their *Dig Your Roots Tour*.

On April 27, 2018, Wallen released his first album, *If I Know Me*. The single from the album, "Up Down", was recorded with Florida Georgia Line. According to Wallen, he and Florida Georgia Line got together as they knew each other, and when FGL heard the single, they became interested in a collaboration. The album's third single "Whiskey Glasses" released to country radio on July 30, 2018. 

## Discography 
### Albums 
* *If I Know Me* (2018)
* *Dangerous: The Double Album* (2021)
* *One Thing at a Time* (2023)
* ''I'm the Problem'' (2025)

### Singles
*"I Had Some Help" (Post Malone featuring Morgan Wallen; year 2024)

*"I Ain't Comin' Back" (with Post Malone; year 2025); #1 on Official New Zealand Music Chart

## References
Break My Soul

"**Break My Soul**" (written in all capital letters) is a 2022 song by American singer Beyoncé.  The song was released June 20, 2022. It is the lead single from her seventh studio album, *Renaissance* (2022).  The song samples the 1992 house song "Show Me Love" by Robin S, which was written by Allen George and Fred McFarlane, with background vocals from New Orleans bounce rapper Big Freedia and a sample of Freedia's song "Explode". "Break My Soul" was co-produced by Beyoncé, The-Dream, and Tricky Stewart.

Julianne Escobedo Shepherd of *Pitchfork* said the song shows "Beyoncé as an SSRI [antidepressant]" and that Beyoncé is "acknowledging the predicament in which many of her non-zillionaire listeners find themselves."

On August 8, 2022, *Billboard* announced that "Break My Soul" was at the top of the Hot 100 for the week ending August 13.  It is Beyoncé's eighth US solo chart-topper (twelfth when counted as a member of Destiny's Child). The song spent two weeks at number one.

## Remix 
A remix with Madonna, taking samples from Madonna's "Vogue" (1990), was released August 6, 2022, and titled the "Queens Remix". In the bridge of the Queens Remix, Beyoncé name-drops Black female entertainers such as Jill Scott, Lizzo, Rihanna, Whitney Houston, Grace Jones, and Nicki Minaj.
## Charts 
### Weekly charts
### Year-end charts
## Awards and nominations 
## References
Frank Borrington

**Frank Borrington** also known as **The Borrington Bomber** (1909 — 22 August 1989) was a professional British boxer from Derby. He competed in the heavyweight category between 1931 and 1937. He was heavy weight champion of the Midlands.

Borrington made his debut on 28 October 1931 in Derby against George Frost. During his career he had 63 fights (or 72 

In 1934, Borrington went knock out in the first round after 83 seconds in a match against Jack Doyle. In October 1934 it was mentioned in the newspaper that of his last 28 matches he 17 of them won with a knock out. Most of his fights were in the United Kingdom, but he also went to Rotterdam in the Netherlands to fight against Harry Staal.

## References
## Other websites
*Newspaper articles — via Youtube
Timberview High School shooting

The **Timberview High School shooting** occurred on October 6, 2021 in  Arlington, Texas, United States, Shooter Timothy George Simpkins opened fire shooting at 3 people, including a student being left in critical condition, a teacher that attempted to intervene and a second student injured by ricochet. Another teacher was injured while running. The shooter, who has been identified as an 18-year-old male named Timothy George Simpkins, fled after the shooting. Simpkins faces three counts of assault with a deadly weapon, three counts of attempted murder and one count of unlawful possession of a firearm in a prohibited place.

On July 24 2023, Timothy Simpkins was sentenced to 12 years in prison and was given a $6000 dollar fine. 

## Shooting 
The shooting occurred during Timberview’s 2nd Period At 9:15 AM, an unknown student known by the name “Zacchaeus Selby” got into an altercation with shooter Timothy George Simpkins. Then it escalated into a fight in the middle of the classroom. After several minutes of fighting Timothy Simpkins pulled out his firearm and started firing his gun injuring 3 people, in which one was left in critical condition, After the shooting Simpkins fled from the shooting turning himself in the same day of the shooting, He faces three counts of assault with a deadly weapon, three counts of attempted murder and one count of unlawful carrying of a weapon in a prohibited place. 

## Perpetrator 
Timothy George Simpkins suspect, an 18-year-old African American 
student, fled the scene and is at large, authorities said.

Three people were injured in a shooting at Mansfield Timberview High School in Arlington, Texas.

## Victim 
Zacchaeus Selby was one of four people injured in the shooting that took place Oct. 6 at the Mansfield ISD school. The other victims include a teacher who was released from the hospital Oct. 12, and a teenage girl and an adult who were treated for injuries the day of the shooting. 

## References
Harry Staal

**Harry Staal** (born 10 February 1909) was a Dutch professional boxer. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed internationally and fought between 1932 and 1947.

Staal made his debut on 7 November 1932 in Rotterdam against Belgian Louis Wilms and won (KO). During his career he had 69 fights, winning 32 of them (30 losses, 6 draws). 

Staal fought among others against Belgian Pierre Charles, German Kurt Hayman, Canadian Larry Gains, Canadian Al Delaney, Irish Jack Doyle, Swedish Anne Anderson, British Jack Petiffer and British Midlands champion Frank Borrington. and 1939.

During World War II Staal and his Jewish girlfriend were arrested by and taken to Amersfoort concentration camp. His manager Theo Huizenaar, who had his own boxing location, was able to release Staal. Huizenaar requested that he needed Staal for a boxing fight. Pressured by German boxing promotor Walter Englert, the Germans let Staal go but not his girlfriend.

## References
## Other websites
*Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher
Dark City (1950 movie)

***Dark City*** is a 1950 American crime drama movie directed by William Dieterle and was based on the story *No Escape* by Larry Marcus. It stars Charlton Heston, Lizabeth Scott, Dean Jagger, Ed Begley, Harry Morgan, Jack Webb, Viveca Lindfors and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

## Other websites
* 
* 
* 
*
List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) episodes

***The Powerpuff Girls*** is an American animated television series based on the original 1998 series by Craig McCracken, which is directed by Nick Jennings and Bob Boyle. The series premiered on April 4, 2016. Voice actor Natalie Palamides announced that the series was renewed for a second season that premiered on March 3, 2017 with the series' first 22-minute special, "The Last Donnycorn". The third season premiered on April 8, 2018 and ended on June 16, 2019, marking the end of the series after 3 seasons, 119 episodes, and after airing for 3 years.

During the course of the series, 119 episodes of *The Powerpuff Girls* aired over three seasons.

## Series overview 

## Episodes 
### Season 1 (2016) 
### Season 2 (2017–18) 
### Season 3 (2018–19) 
## Notes
## References
Deep South Wrestling

**Deep South Wrestling** (**DSW**) was a professional wrestling promotion based out of McDonough, Georgia. Deep South worked with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 2005 until April 18 2007. It was a place for wrestlers to train. Deep South was owned by the former director of WCW Power Plant, Jody Hamilton. 
## History
DSW held their first show on September 1st 2005. On December 1st Deep South crowned Mike Mizanin as their first heavyweight champion.

On April 18th 2007, DSW closed. It was closed WWE ended its relationship all the performers still under contract with DSW and began working with Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW). On April 30th 2009, DSW filed a lawsuit against in WWE. The lawsuit said that WWE committed breach of contract and intentional interference with contractual and business relations.

The company had previously operated in Lovejoy, Georgia from 1986 to 1988. It was reopened in Griffin, Georgia by former WWE referee. Nick Patrick in 2021.
Michel Blavet

**Michel Blavet** (March 13, 1700  October 28, 1768) was a French flautist, bassoonist, and composer. He wrote sonatas and a concerto for the flute.

## Life 
Blavet was born in Besançon. He taught himself to play musical instruments. He played the flute and bassoon. He moved to Paris in 1723. He performed at the Concert Spirituel. He was asked to work for Frederick the Great. However, he refused. He played the flute in King Louis XV's orchestra. He also played the flute at the Paris Opéra.

## Music 
Blavet wrote flute sonatas and flute duets. He also wrote some operas. He wrote one flute concerto in A minor.

## References
Early human migrations

and back migrations into the continent, as well as the locations of major ancient human remains and archeological sites.]]**Early human migrations** means the way archaic and modern humans moved out of Africa and across continents.  

About two million years ago, *Homo erectus* groups moved out of Africa. This has been known for some time, because a few of their skulls have been found in Asia. One example was found in China before WWII, and was lost during the fighting. Other examples have since been found in various parts of Asia.

The first migration was followed by other early human species, including *H. heidelbergensis*. This lived about 500,000 years ago. It was the likely ancestor of Denisovans and Neanderthals, as well as modern humans. Early hominids probably "crossed land bridges that were eventually covered in water". It is worth remembering that the Earth was generally much colder, with more ice bridges than the present world.

The migrating modern human populations are known to have interbred (mated) with earlier local populations. Therefore, modern human populations are descended in small part (by less than 10%) from regional varieties of archaic humans.

## Related pages 
*Out of Africa

## References
Dover Beaches South, New Jersey

**Dover Beaches South**, more commonly known as **Ortley Beach**, is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Toms River, in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the CDP's population was 1,331.

## References
1961 Census of Manipur

The **1961 Census of Manipur** was a census held in Manipur, India every ten years.

The population of Manipur was counted as 780,037 people. Out of the total population, 514,667 people (about 2/3rd of the total population) live in the valley. Out of the total population, 265,370 persons (about 1/3rd of the total population) live in the surrounding hills. The largest population of Manipur is the Meiteis, also known as the Manipuris.

## Population by districts and subdivisions 
The census data recorded the following information.

## Language data 
In the 1961 census, Meitei language (also known as Manipuri language) speakers account for 64.66 percent of the total population of Manipur. There were 6,466 Meitei native speakers in every 10,000 people of Manipur, as stated in the census reports. Tangkhul and Thadou languages came to the second and the third places, following Meitei. 

## Religious demographics 
In the 1961 census, Hinduism was the largest religion in Manipur. It was followed by 61.68 percent of the total population of Manipur. Around 12.39 percent of the total population didn't have the option to add the names of their religions as not provided by the census authority. So, "others" was their option. 

## References 
## Additional references 
* https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.124427/mode/2up
* https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32835/download/36016/51917_1961_ITH.pdf
* http://www.manenvis.nic.in/Database/Demography_2719.aspx?format=Print
* https://books.google.com/books?id=iJn8zQEACAAJ
* https://www.outlookindia.com/national/number-game-how-india-s-major-languages-except-hindi-lost-national-share-since-1961-news-194695
Alitalia Flight 404

**Alitalia Flight 404**, operated by a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 aircraft, crashed near Zürich Airport, Switzerland on November 14, 1990. The aircraft with forty-six people on board made a controlled flight into the mountain Stadlerberg, five mile track. All 46 people on board were killed.

## Investigation
A Swiss investigation concluded that the accident was caused by a short circuit. This caused the aircraft's NAV receiver to fail.  The malfunction went unnoticed by the crew. They may believed they were on the correct flight path until the accident. Swiss authorities also blamed bad management of crew resources, exemplified when the captain vetoed the first officer's round trip attempt, along with the absence of lighting on Stadlerberg mountain and a known issue with misreading. of the aircraft drum pointer altimeter. 

The final report from the Federal Board of Aircraft Accident Investigation called for several important changes and made further recommendations.

### Fatal decision 
The first officer had started a go-around but the captain stopped it. He said, "Hold the glide slope, can you hold it?". The first officer replied, "Yes". Investigators working with McDonnell Douglas concluded that, if the captain had not interrupted the go-around, the disaster would have been avoided completely. Investigators believe that the reason for the bad call was that the captain was completely dissatisfied with the first officer's performance during the flight. As a result, the captain showed a lack of trust in his first officer.

## References