open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
777 (number)

**777** (**seven hundred [and] seventy-seven**) is the natural number after 776 and before 778. It is important in some religions and superstitions.

## In mathematics 
777 is an odd, composite, palindromic repdigit. It is also a sphenic number, an extravagant number, a lucky number, a polite number, an amenable number, and a deficient number. 777 is a congruent number, as it is possible to make a right triangle with rationally numbered side lengths whose area is 777.

## Religious significance 
According to the Bible, Lamech, the father of Noah lived for 777 years.

### Thelema 
777 is also found in the title of the book *777 and Other Qabalistic Writings of Aleister Crowley* pertaining to the law of thelema.

## Political significance 
### Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging 
The Afrikaner Resistance Movement (*Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging*, AWB), a Boer-nationalist, neo-Nazi, and white supremacist movement in South Africa, used the number 777 as part of their emblem.

The number refers to a triumph of "God's number" 7 over the number of the beast. On the AWB flag, the numbers are arranged in a triskelion shape, resembling the Nazi Swastika.

## Computing 
In Unix's chmod, change-access-mode command, the octal value 777 grants all file-access permissions to all user types in a file.

## Commercial 
### Aviation 
Boeing, the largest manufacturer of airliners in the United States, released the Boeing 777 (commonly nicknamed the *Triple Seven*) in June 1995. The 777 family includes the 777-200, 777-200ER, the 777-300, the 777-200LR Worldliner, the 777-300ER, and the 777 Freighter. The -100 wasn't continued in production due to loss of interest. In the 21st century, Boeing has developed what will be in use for some different airlines, called the Boeing 777X. Projects have been delayed because of COVID-19, but will return to normal production.

### 777 Tower 
777 Tower is an office building situated in the US and it was built in 1991.

## Gambling and luck 
777 is used on most slot machines in the United States to identify a jackpot. As it is considered a lucky number, banknotes with a serial number containing 777 tend to be valued by collectors and numismatists. The US Mint and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing sells uncirculated 777 $1 bills for this reason.

## References
Z'EV

'''Z'EV** (born **Stefan Joel Weisser''', February 8, 1951 – December 16, 2017) was an American poet, percussionist, and sound artist. He was known for creating his own percussion sounds out of industrial materials for many of record labels. He was called a pioneer of industrial music. 

Z'EV was critically injured in the Cimarron train derailment which took place near Dodge City, Kansas on March 14, 2016. Since the accident he suffered from many health problems and died on December 16, 2017 of sepsis at the age of 66.

## Related pages 
*List of poets from North America

## References
Argumentum ad lazarum

***Argumentum ad lazarum*** or **appeal to poverty** is the informal fallacy of thinking that is right just because the person who said it is poor, or that the conclusion is wrong because the person who said it is rich. It is named after Lazarus, a beggar in a New Testament parable who gets rewarded in the afterlife.

This is often phrased as the statement, "poor, but honest."

The opposite is the *argumentum ad crumenam*.

## Examples 
* *Family-run farms are struggling to get by, so when they say that we need to help them, they must be on to something.*
* ''Homeless people say that it's hard to find places to live. Therefore it must be.*
* *The monks have given up all material possessions. They must be enlightened.*
* *All you need to know about the civil war in that country is that the rebels live in mud huts, while the general who sends troops against them sits in a fancy, air-conditioned office.''

## References 
* Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy – Fallacies
* Philosophical Society – logical fallacies
Bob Glidden

**Bob Glidden** (August 18, 1944 &ndash; December 17, 2017) was an American drag racer. He was born in Whiteland, Indiana. He retired from Pro Stock racing in 1997 and returned in 2010.

Glidden retired as the driver with the most wins in National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) history at that time (a feat recently topped by 16 time Funny Car champion John Force). He was the third most successful drag racer of the professional class drivers (sixth when counting sportsman national event winners). Glidden won 85 NHRA National Events.

Glidden died in Whiteland on December 17, 2017 of colorectal cancer at the age of 73.

## References
Jonghyun

**Kim Jong-hyun** (April 8, 1990 – December 18, 2017), better known by the mononym **Jonghyun**, was a South Korean singer-songwriter, and radio host. He was a vocalist of the South Korean boy group Shinee. Jonghyun debuted as a solo artist on January 12, 2015, with his first EP, titled *Base*.

In the same year, on September 17, Jonghyun released a compilation album, *Story Op.1*. On May 24, 2016, Jonghyun released his first studio album, *She Is*, followed by his second compilation album, *Story Op.2* on April 24, 2017. After his death, his final album *Poet | Artist* was released.

Jonghyun died in Seoul on December 18, 2017 of carbon monoxide poisoning in an act of suicide at the age of 27.

## Discography
### Album
**She Is* (2016)
**Poet | Artist* (2018)

### Mini-Album
**Base* (2015)
### Compilations
**Story Op.1* (2016)
**Story Op.2* (2017)
## References
Siquijor

**Siquijor** is an island province of the Philippines. It is located in the Visayas region. To the west of Siquijor is Negros Oriental, to the east is Bohol, to the north is Cebu, and to the south is Mindanao. The population of Siquijor is about 90,000. It has six municipalities: *Larena*, *Enrique Villanueva*, *Maria*, *Lazi*, *San Juan*, and the capital also named *Siquijor*.

Siquijor is one of the smallest island provinces in the Philippines, in terms of both land area and population. Sights to see in Siquijor include an old tree, a few waterfalls, butterfly gardens, old churches, and many beaches. Siquijor is also home to one of the oldest existing convents in Asia.

## References
Basque alphabet

The **Basque alphabet** is a Latin alphabet used to write the Basque language. It has 27 letters.

## List of letters 
## Other websites
*Basque language – English Pen 
*The Basque Alphabet
Dotted and dotless I

and lower case.]]
'*Dotted and dotless *I*** are two different letters in the Turkish alphabet. One of them (**İ, i**) has a dot above it and the other (**I, ı*') does not. This is true in both the capital and lower case forms of the letters (see the picture).

The dotless I has the  sound, while the dotted İ has the  sound. To show how they are pronounced, here are two examples:
* *İstanbul*  (starts with an **i** sound, not an **ı**).
* *Diyarbakır*  (the first and last vowels are spelled and pronounced differently)

Some of the other Turkic languages that use the Latin script, like Azerbaijani and Tatar, also use both kinds of I. But in all these languages, including Turkish, the letter *j* does not have a dotted or dotless form, with a dot only on the lower case character (**J, j**), just like in the Indo-European languages. However, a dotless j, ȷ, does exist in Unicode.
Tree of Jesse

panel from 12th century Germany, showing a tree of Jesse.]]
The **Tree of Jesse** is a depiction in art of the ancestors of Christ, shown in a tree which rises from Jesse of Bethlehem, the father of King David and is the original use of the family tree as a schematic representation of a genealogy.
Haloalkane

.]]
**Haloalkanes** are alkanes that contain one or more halogens. A variety of different reactions can form these organic compounds. They cannot quickly be reacted, making them reasonably stable.

There are many kinds of haloalkanes, used for many purposes. Haloalkanes can be primary, secondary, or tertiary and could contain more than one type of halogen. Some haloalkanes contain no hydrogen atoms.

Whether the haloalkane is primary, secondary, or tertiary depends on where the halogen is placed in the molecule. Halogens placed on carbon that is attached to one other carbon atom makes the haloalkane a primary alkane. Halogens placed on carbon that is attached to two other carbon atoms makes the haloalkane a secondary alkane. Halogens placed on carbon that is attached to two other carbon atoms makes the haloalkane a secondary alkane. Halogens placed on carbon that is attached to three other carbon atoms makes the haloalkane a tertiary alkane.

## References
Kevin Mahogany

**Kevin Mahogany** (July 30, 1958 – December 17, 2017) was an American jazz vocalist. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. His career began in the 1990s. He was known for his scat singing, and his singing style has been compared with jazz singers Joe Williams and Johnny Hartman. His best known work was his album ''It Don't Mean a Thing'' (1993) which he performed with Elvis Jones.

Mahogany died of heart failure on December 17, 2017 in Kansas City at the age of 59.

## References
## Other websites
* Kevin Mahogany's official site
List of Bangla Academy Literary Award winners (1970s)

**Bangla Academy Literary Award** is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 1970 to 1979 is given.

## 1970 
# Ataur Rahman (poetry)
# Satyen Sen (novel)
# Hasan Azizul Huq (short story)
# Anisuzzaman (essay-research)
# Ibrahim Khalil (drama)
# Atoyar Rahman (juvenile literature)
# Abul Kalam Shamsuddin (translation)

## 1971 
# Hasan Hafizur Rahman (poetry)
# Zahir Raihan (novel)
# Jyoti Prakash Dutta (short story)
# Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury (essay-research)
# Anwar Pasha (essay-research)
# Ekhlasuddin Ahmed (juvenile literature)

## 1972 
# Abdul Gani Hazari (poetry)
# Mohammad Maniruzzaman (poetry)
# Rashid Karim (novel)
# Shahid Saber (short story)
# Badruddin Umar (essay-research)
# Kalyan Mitra (drama)

## 1973 
# Fazal Shabauddin (poetry)
# Shahid Qadri (poetry)
# Rabeya Khatun (novel)
# Rahat Khan (short story)
# Syed Murtaza Ali (essay-research)
# Bulbul Osman (juvenile literature)
# Kabir Chowdhury (translation)

## 1974 
# Sufi Motahar Hossain (poetry)
# Razia Khan (novel)
# Syed Atiqullah (short story)
# Abdul Haque (essay-research)
# Mobashwer Ali (essay-research)
# Sazedul Karim (juvenile literature)

## 1975 
# Abul Hasan (poetry)
# Shams Rashid (novel)
# Minnat Ali (short story)
# Ali Ahmed (essay-research)
# Sayeed Ahmed (drama)
# Abdullah-Al-Muti (juvenile literature)
# Abdus Sattar (translation)

## 1976 
# Matiul Islam (poetry)
# Dilara Hashim (novel)
# Sucharit Chowdhury (short story)
# Sirajuddin Kasimpuri (essay-research)
# Momtazuddin Ahmed (drama)
# Foyez Ahmed (juvenile literature)
# Sardar Fazlul Karim (translation)

## 1977 
# Abdur Rashid Khan (poetry)
# Mohammad Mahfuzullah (poetry)
# Mahmudul Haque (novel)
# Mirza Abdul Hai (short story)
# Hasnat Abdul Hye (short story)
# Mamtazur Rahman Tarafdar (essay-research)
# Zia Haider (drama)
# Sukumar Barua (juvenile literature)
# Abdul Hafiz (translation)

## 1978 
# K. M Shamser Ali (poetry)
# Imaul Haque (poetry)
# Razia Mazid (novel)
# Rizia Rahman (novel)
# Nazmul Alam (short story)
# Shahid Akhand (short story)
# Sirajul Islam Chowdhury (essay-research)
# Abdullah Al Mamun (drama)
# Kazi Abul Kashem (juvenile literature)
# Moniruddin Yusuf (translation)
# Abdur Rashid (translation)

## 1979 
# Zillur Rahman Siddiqui (poetry)
# Abu Zafar Obaidullah (poetry)
# Abdus Shakur (short story)
# Zahrul Haque (essay-research)
# Ahmed Rafiq (essay-research)
# Shamsul Haque (juvenile literature)
# Abu Shahriar (translation)
List of Bangla Academy Literary Award winners (1980s)

**Bangla Academy Literary Award** is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 1980 to 1989 is given.

## 1980 
# Dilwar Khan (poetry)
# Selina Hossain (novel)
# Humayun Kadir (short story)
# Abu Mohamed Habibullah (essay-research)
# Al Kamal Abdul Ohab (juvenile literature)
# Neyamal Basir (translation)

## 1981 
# Omar Ali (poetry)
# Rafiq Azad (poetry)
# Humayun Ahmed (novel)
# Laila Samad (short story)
# Abdul Mannan Syed (essay-research)
# Abul Kashem Fazlul Haque (essay-research)
# Halima Khatun (juvenile literature)
# Razia Mahbub (juvenile literature)
# Sunil Kumar Mukhopaddhay (juvenile litereature)

## 1982 
# Nirmalendu Goon (poetry)
# Akhtaruzzaman Elias (short story)
# Ghulam Murshid (essay-research)
# Mustafa Nurul Islam (essay-research)
# Mamunur Rashid (drama)

## 1983 
# Mahadev Saha (poetry)
# Subrata Barua (short story)
# Khalekdad Chowdhury (novel)
# Selim Al Deen (drama)
# Abul Hasna Md Ismail (essay-research)
# Mohammad Abdul Zabbar (essay-research)
# Hayat Mahmud (juvenile literature)
# Gazi Shamsur Rahman (translation)

## 1984
# Belal Chowdhury (poetry)
# Rashid Haider (novel)
# Muhammad Habibur Rahman (essay-research)
# Rafiqul Islam (essay-research)

## 1985
None

## 1986
# Mohammad Rafiq
# Humayun Azad

## 1987
# Asad Chowdhury
# Dwijen Sharma

## 1988 
# Abubakar Siddique
# Mohammad Nurul Huda

## 1989 
# Azizul Haque
# Syed Akram Hossain
Drapetomania

**Drapetomania** was a supposed mental illness that American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of black slaves running away in 1851. It has since been debunked as pseudoscience and part of scientific racism.

## Etymology 
The term derives from the Greek δραπέτης (*drapetes*, "a runaway [slave]") and μανία (*mania*, "madness, frenzy").

## Description 
In *Diseases and Peculiarities of the Negro Race*, Cartwright points out that the Bible calls for a slave to obey his master, and that if he does, the slave won't want to run away.

He claimed that the disease happened when masters "made themselves too familiar with [slaves], treating them as equals". Cartwright would later argue that if slaves showed warning sides of running away, "whipping the devil out of them" served as a preventative measure.

## References 
## Sources 
* Samuel A. Cartwright, "Report on the Diseases and Physical Peculiarities of the Negro Race", *The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal* 1851:691–715 (May).
** Reprinted in DeBow's Review XI (1851). Available at Google Books and excerpted at PBS.org.
** Reprinted in Arthur Caplan, H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., and James McCartney, eds, *Concepts of Health and Disease in Medicine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives* (Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1980).
** Reprinted in Arthur L. Caplan, James J. McCartney, Dominic A. Sisti, eds, *Health, Disease, and Illness: Concepts in Medicine* (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2004)
Johnny Fox (performer)

**Johnny Fox** (November 13, 1953 – December 17, 2017) was an American professional sword swallower and sleight of hand expert. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was raised in Hartford, Connecticut.

Fox began performing magic and comedy while working as a waiter in Saint Petersburg, Florida. He was inspired by Harry Houdini. Fox could swallow up to 22 inches of steel. He died on December 17, 2017 in Hartford from the disease at the age of 64.

## References
## Other websites
* The Johnny Fox Official Homepage
* Freakatorium - El Museo Loco 
* Maryland Renaissance Festival
List of Bangla Academy Literary Award winners (1960s)

**Bangla Academy Literary Award** is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 1960 to 1969 is given.

## 1960 
# Farrukh Ahmed (poetry)
# Abul Mansur Ahmed (short story)
# Abul Hashem Khan (novel)
# Abdullah Hel Kafi (essay-research)
# Mohammad Barkatullah (essay-research)
# Askar Ibne Shaikh (drama)
# Khan Mohammad Moinuddin (juvenile literature)

## 1961 
# Ahsan Habib (poetry)
# Syed Waliullah (novel)
# Mobin Uddin Ahmed (short story)
# Muhammad Abdul Hai (essay-research)
# Nurul Momen (drama)
# Begum Hosney Ara (juvenile literature)

## 1962 
# Sufia Kamal (poetry)
# Abul Fazal (novel)
# Shawkat Osman (short story)
# Akbar Ali (novel)
# Munier Choudhury (drama)
# Bonde Ali Mia (juvenile literature)

## 1963 
# Abul Hussain (poetry)
# Abu Ishaque (novel)
# Abu Rashid Matin Uddin (short story)
# Abdul Kadir (essay-research)
# Ibrahim Khan (drama)
# Kazi Kader Newaj (juvenile literature)

## 1964 
# Sanaul Haque (poetry)
# Benzir Ahmed (poetry)
# Shamsuddin Abul Kalam (novel)
# Shahed Ali (short story)
# Muhammad Enamul Huq (essay-research)
# Akbar Uddin (drama)
# Ashraf Siddiqui (juvenile literature)
# Habibur Rahman (juvenile literature)

## 1965 
# Talim Hossain (poetry)
# Mahbub Ul Alam (novel)
# Alauddin Al-Azad (short story)
# Muhammad Mansuruddin (essay-research)
# Obaidul Huq (drama)
# Mohammad Modabber (juvenile literature)

## 1966 
# Mahmuda Khatun Siddiqua (poetry)
# Kazi Afsaruddin Ahmed (novel)
# Syed Shamsul Haque (short story)
# Qazi Motahar Hossain (essay-research)
# Sikandar Abu Zafar (drama)
# Abu Zoha Nur Ahmed (juvenile literature)

## 1967 
# Syed Ali Ahsan (poetry)
# Sarder Jayenuddin (novel)
# Abdul Gaffar Choudhury (short story)
# Mazharul Islam (essay-research)
# A. N. M. Bazlul Rashid (drama)
# Mohammad Nasir Ali (juvenile literature)

## 1968 
# Al Mahmud (poetry)
# Abujafar Shamsuddin (novel)
# Shawkat Ali (short story)
# Ahmed Sharif (essay-research)
# Anis Chowdhury (drama)
# Rokanuzzaman Khan (juvenile literature)

## 1969 
# Shamsur Rahman (poetry)
# Shahidullah Kaiser (novel)
# Borhan Uddin Khan Jahangir (short story)
# Nilima Ibrahim (essay-research)
# Ali Mansur (drama)
# Golam Rahman (juvenile literature)
Dana Gould

**Dana John Gould** (born August 24, 1964) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer and voice artist who has been featured on HBO, Showtime, and Comedy Central.

## References
Ralph Carney

**Ralph Carney** (January 23, 1956 &ndash; December 17, 2017) was an American singer, composer, and multi-instrumentalist. His main instruments were various saxophones and clarinets, Carney also collected and played many instruments, often unusual or obscure ones. He started as a professional musician as a founding member of the band Tin Huey. He was known for his works as Tom Waits.

Carney died on December 16, 2017 at the age of 61 after falling down the steps of his home in Portland, Oregon.

## References
Avadi Railway Station

**Avadi railway station** is one of the major train stations in the Chennai Central–Arakkonam section of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. It serves the neighbourhood of Avadi, a locality of Chennai located 23 km west of the city centre. The station has six tracks, including two loop lines, and has four platforms. As of 2013, the station handles about 40,000 passengers a day.

## References
## Other websites
* Avadi station at Indiarailinfo.com
Syed Waliullah

**Syed Waliullah** (; August 15, 1922 – October 10, 1971) was a Bangladeshi novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. He is noted for his first novel *Lalsalu*, which has been translated in English as *Tree Without Roots*. He received Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1961 for his contribution in novel; and was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1984 and Bangladesh National Film Awards for best story in 2001, both by Government of Bangladesh, posthumously.

## Early life
Waliullah was born on 15 August 1922, in Sholashahar, Chittagong District.  His father, Syed Ahmadullah, was a government officer. Waliullah spent his childhood in Mymensingh, Feni, Krishnanagar and Kurigram district. He passed matriculation from Kurigram High School in 1939 and IA from Dhaka College in 1941. He graduated from Ananda Mohan College in 1943. Later, he admitted to University of Calcutta but did not complete his post graduation.

;Dramas
* Bahipir (1960)
* Tarangabhanga (1964)
* Sudanga (1964)

;Short story collection
* Nayanchara (1951)
* Dui Tir O Anyanya Galpa

## References
Royapuram railway station

The **Royapuram** railway station is a train station at Royapuram. It is on the Chennai Beach–Arakkonam section of the Chennai Suburban Railway network in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is one of the oldest railway station currently functioning in India (the original structures of the two older stations, Bombay and Thane, are no longer operational). It is also the first railway station of South India.

The first train of South India started operating in June 1856 from Royapuram railway station. The station also remained the headquarters of the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway till 1922, when the headquarters was shifted to Egmore. Since the original structures of Bombay and Thane stations no longer exist, Royapuram station remains the oldest railway station in the entire subcontinent.

The Royapuram railway station ranks second in India in terms of space availability with 246,000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;m, next to the Howrah station in Kolkata.

## References
Blue raspberry flavor

**Blue raspberry** is a common flavoring for candy, snacks, syrups and soft drinks. The flavor does not actually come from any type of raspberry; it's usually a mixture of compounds found in pineapples, cherries, and bananas.

Blue raspberry food often contains a bright blue food coloring, the most common being Brilliant Blue FCF, although this coloring is not the color of the actual color of the fruit, which is almost black when ripe.  The blue color also helps tell apart raspberry-flavored foods from cherry- and strawberry-flavored foods (cherry is usually colored red, and strawberry is also sometimes colored red but is often colored pink if the same product is also available in cherry ).

## References
Heklina

**Stefan Grygelko** (June 17, 1967 – April 3, 2023), better known by the stage name **Heklina**, was an American actor, drag queen, and entrepreneur in San Francisco.  Heklina is half-Icelandic and named herself after the Icelandic volcano Hekla. He founded Mother formerly Trannyshack (1996).

Grygelko was found dead in London, England on April 3, 2023. He was 55.

## References
## Other websites
* Trannyshack website
* Heklina's Official Facebook Page
* Heklina's YouTube video channel
* videos of Heklina's performances and *Filthy Gorgeous, The Trannyshack Story*
* SF Oasis : The Club 
* Heklina Talks About Mother, The New Incarnation Of Trannyshack At The Oasis
World of Wonder

**World of Wonder Productions** is a production company founded in 1991 by filmmakers Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato. Based in Los Angeles, California, the company produces reality and documentary television programs, feature films, and new media, primarily specializing in documenting erotica, sexuality and the sex subculture.

## References
## Further reading 
* 
* 

## Other websites 
* 
*
List of world champion football clubs

.]]

This list includes the official *(de jure)* FIFA **club world champions**;''* the international official competitions are trophies organized by FIFA or affiliated federations (for FIFA statute).In synthesis FIFA has three types of world champions, those coming from the Intercontinental Cup, the Club World Cup and the FIFA Intercontinental Cup. The three competitions confer the same title, that of FIFA club world champion.* It is contested by the winner of that years AFC Champions League (Asia), CAF Champions League (Africa), CONCACAF Champions League (North America), Copa Libertadores (South America), OFC Champions League (Oceania), and UEFA Champions League (Europe), along with the host country's national champions. As required by the regulations (integrated to the statute), a representative from FIFA presents the winner with the FIFA Club World Cup **trophy** and with a **FIFA World Champions certificate**.'***
The football experts agree that the Intercontinental Cup is the most fascinating football competition that ever existed thanks to the great balance in the field given by the lower economic gap of the time and rules on foreign players who gradually favored the European teams and weakened the South American teams; there are many sources and statistics that confirm this.

* The ***FIFA Intercontinental Cup'''* (from 2024). The competition features the club champions of the six confederations of FIFA, and is played as a knockout tournament with the European team receiving a bye to the final. The winners are awarded the annual title of world champions.

## Winners 
.]]
There are also federations not connected to FIFA (:en:Non-FIFA international football), also for this reason the titles recognized and awarded by FIFA are intended as titles of the federation in question. An officially recognized title, by definition, is official.*

## Related pages 
*FIFA
*Asian Football Confederation
*Confederation of African Football
*CONCACAF
*CONMEBOL
*Oceania Football Confederation
*UEFA
* National teams world champions (football)

## References
Jua Cali

**Paul Julius Nunda** (born 12 September 1979), better known
by his stage name **Jua Cali**, is a Kenyan hip hop artist. In
2000, together with record producer Clemo, he founded
Calif Records where he has been ever since. Jua Cali
performs in Swahili and Sheng in a popular Kenyan style of
rapping called genge.
## Early life
Jua Cali was born in Eastlands, Nairobi. His parents, Doreen
Onditi and Evans Onditi (deceased) were both
schoolteachers.

## Awards
**Won**
* 2006 Kisima Music Awards – Boomba Male
* 2007 Chaguo La Teeniez Awards (CHAT Awards) – Best Male & Celebrity of the Year
* 2007 Kisima Music Awards – Best Male Artist & Boomba Male.
* 2007 Pearl of Africa Music Awards (PAM Awards) – Best Male Artist (Kenya)
* 2008 Chaguo La Teeniez Awards – Favourite Male Artiste & Best Live Stage Performance & Best Collabo Song ("Kwaheri" with Sainapei).

**Nominated**
* 2006 Chaguo La Teeniez Awards – nominated in three categories, but won none of them
* 2007 MTV Europe Music Awards – Best Africa Act
* 2007 MOBO Awards
* 2008 Tanzania Music Awards – Best East African Song ("Kwaheri")
* 2008 MTV Africa Music Awards – Best Male

## References
Charles Byron Renfrew

**Charles Byron Renfrew** (October 31, 1928 &ndash; December 14, 2017) was an American federal judge and politician. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He studied at Princeton University and at the University of Michigan.

Renfrew served as the Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California after being appointed by President Richard Nixon. Renfrew also served as the 18th United States Deputy Attorney General from February 27, 1980 until the end of the day on January 19, 1981 and as acting United States Attorney General in his capacity as United States Deputy Attorney General, pursuant to , from the beginning of the day on January 20, 1981, following the resignation of Benjamin Civiletti as the 73rd United States Attorney General at the end of the day on January 19, 1981, until William French Smith was sworn in as the 74th United States Attorney General on January 23, 1981.

Renfrew died on December 14, 2017 in San Francisco, California at the age of 89.

## References
## Other websites
* Charles Byron Renfrew biography
Altero Matteoli

**Altero Matteoli** (8 September 1940 – 18 December 2017) was an Italian politician. He was born in Cecina, Tuscany.

Matteoli was a member of Forza Italia party. He served as a member of Senate of the Republic. From June 2001 to May 2006, he was the Minister of Environment. He served as Minister of Infrastructures and Transport from May 2008 to November 2011. He was also the mayor of Orbetello from 29 May 2006 to 16 May 2011.

Matteoli died in a car accident on 18 December 2017 in Capalbio, Tuscany at the age of 77.

## References
## Other websites
* Personal profile at the Senate of the Republic website (in Italian)
Josef Pešice

**Josef Pešice** (12 February 1950 – 18 December 2017) was a Czech football player and manager. He was born in Prague.

Pešice played for both famous Prague clubs, Sparta Prague and Slavia Prague. He won the Czechoslovak First League in the 1977–78 season. As a manager, Pešice led several Czech clubs before focusing on Czech Republic youth national teams. He was named the temporary head coach of the Czech Republic in September 2013.

Pešice died on 18 December 2017 in Prague at the age of 67.

## References
## Other websites
*  Profile at ČMFS website
*  Profile at FC Zbrojovka Brno official website
Arseny Roginsky

**Arseny Borisovich Roginsky** (; 30 March 1946 – 18 December 2017) was a Soviet dissident and Russian historian. He was born in Velsk, a town in the Arkhangelsk Region (Northwest Russia).

From 1975 until his arrest in August 1981, he was editor of *Memory* (Pamyat), a samizdat, i.e. uncensored, almanac of historical studies that was published abroad after 1978. Roginsky was sentenced to four years in a corrective-labour camp and was released in 1985.

During perestroika Roginsky was one of the founders of Memorial, an international historical and civil rights society. that came into existence in the late 1980s. He served as its head from 1998 until his death. A first attempt was made by the authorities to close Memorial in 2014. If Memorial was closed, commented Roginsky at the time, then the organisation's many branches would have to re-register and thereafter restore contacts across the country.

Roginsky died in Tel Aviv, Israel on 18 December 2017 at the age of 71.

## References
Newcomb's paradox

'''Newcomb's paradox''' is a thought experiment in philosophy, specifically decision theory. The paradox goes as follows:Imagine a super-intelligent entity known as Omega who can accurately predict what you do. You know that Omega has correctly predicted your choices many times in the past, and has never made an incorrect prediction about your choices. You also know that Omega has correctly predicted the choices of other people, many of whom are similar to you, in the particular situation about to be described.There are two boxes: A and B. Box A is see-through and contains $1,000. Box B is opaque, and contains either $0 or $1,000,000. You may take both boxes, or only take box B.Omega decides how much money to put into box B. If Omega believes that you will take both boxes, then it will put $0 in box B.  If Omega believes that you will only take box B, then it will put $1,000,000 in box B.Omega makes its prediction, puts the money in box B ($0 or $1,000,000), presents the boxes to you, and flies away. Omega does not tell you its prediction, and you do not know how much money Omega put in box B.What do you do?

## Argument for only choosing box B 
If you only choose box B, Omega would have likely predicted you doing this, and put $1,000,000 in that box. Since $1,000,000 is more than $1,000, only choosing box B would be the best choice.

## Argument for choosing both boxes 
Omega has already made her decision, so the amount of money in box B will not change based on the decision you make. No matter how much money is in box B, choosing both boxes would net you an extra $1,000, making it the best choice.
Bernard Francis Law

**Bernard Francis Law** (November 4, 1931 &ndash; December 20, 2017) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico to American parents. He was Archbishop emeritus of Boston, former archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, and Cardinal Priest of Santa Susanna.

Law was the Archbishop of Boston from 1984 until his resignation on December 13, 2002. He resigned in response to the Catholic Church sexual abuse scandal after church documents showed he had known of sexual abuse committed by dozens of Catholic priests within his archdiocese.

Law died at a hospital in Rome, Italy on December 20, 2017 of prostate cancer at the age of 86.

## References
Lin Shaye

**Linda** "**Lin**" **Shaye** (born October 12, 1943) is an American movie, theater and television actress. She is called a scream queen due to her roles in various horror franchises or movies.

Her best known roles are in *A Nightmare on Elm Street*, *Critters*, *Insidious*, *Dead End*, *2001 Maniacs* and its sequel *2001 Maniacs: Field of Screams*, *Alone in the Dark*, *Amityville: A New Generation*, *Tales of Halloween*, *Abattoir*, *Ouija* and its prequel *Ouija: Origin of Evil*. 

## References
## Other websites
*
*
Lito Cruz

**Oscar Alberto "Lito" Cruz** (May 14, 1941 – December 19, 2017) was an Argentine stage director, playwright and actor. He was born in Berisso, Argentina. His career began in 1968. During his career, he won two Martín Fierro Awards (2011, 2014). He was known for his roles in *El elegido* and in *Solamente vos*.

Cruz was appointed as National Theatres Director in 1995, a position he used to help have Congress pass the "National Theatre Law" in 1998. The bill helped protect struggling stages against demolition and guaranteed annual subsidies for the art.

Cruz created and produced *Sueños de milongueros* in 2009, a musical written in homage to authors Jorge Luis Borges and Alejandro Dolina, and cartoonist/satirist Roberto Fontanarrosa.

Cruz died in Buenos Aires on December 19, 2017 of a heart attack at the age of 76.

## References
## Other websites
*
A Wrinkle in Time (2018 movie)

***A Wrinkle in Time*** is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure movie directed by Ava DuVernay. The screenplay was written by Jennifer Lee and is based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle.

The movie stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Peña, Storm Reid, Zach Galifianakis, and Chris Pine. It had a budget of $103 million.

After learning her astrophysicist father (Chris Pine) is being held captive on a distant planet deep in the grip of a universe-spanning evil, Meg Murry (Storm Reid) works with her highly intelligent younger brother (Deric McCabe), her classmate (Levi Miller), and three astral travelers to save him (Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling).

The movie was released in the United States by Walt Disney Pictures on March 9, 2018, in Real D 3D and in IMAX 3D.

## Cast 
* Oprah Winfrey as Mrs. Which
* Reese Witherspoon as Mrs. Whatsit
* Mindy Kaling as Mrs. Who
* Storm Reid as Meg Murry
** Lyric Wilson as young Meg
* Levi Miller as Calvin O'Keefe
* Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace Murry
* Chris Pine as Dr. Alexander Murry
* Gugu Mbatha-Raw as Dr. Kate Murry
* Zach Galifianakis as Happy Medium
* Michael Peña as Red,
* Rowan Blanchard as Veronica Kiley
* Bellamy Young as Camazotz Woman
* Conrad Roberts as Elegant Man,
* Will McCormack and Yvette Cason as Two unnamed teachers
* Daniel MacPherson as Mr. O'Keefe,

## References
List of Bangla Academy Literary Award winners (1990s)

**Bangla Academy Literary Award** is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 1990 to 1999 is given.

## 1990 
# Mohammad Abdul Qayum (overall contribution)
# Jahanara Imam (overall contribution)

## 1991 
# Bipradash Barua (overall contribution)
# Habibullah Serajee (overall contribution)

## 1992
# Imdadul Huq Milon (overall contribution)
# Muntassir Mamun (overall contribution)

## 1993
# Bashir Al Helal (overall contribution)
# Khaleda Adib Chowdhury (overall contribution)

## 1994
# Wakil Ahmed (overall contribution)
# Sikdar Aminul Haq (overall contribution)

## 1995
# Syed Abul Maksud (overall contribution)
# Shahriar Kabir (overall contribution)

## 1996
# Moinul Ahsan Saber (overall contribution)
# Syed Manzoorul Islam (overall contribution)

## 1997
None

## 1998
# Sanjida Khatun (overall contribution)
# Manju Sarker (overall contribution)

## 1999
# Nasreen Jahan (overall contribution)
Agostino Cacciavillan

**Agostino Cacciavillan** (14 August 1926 &ndash; 5 March 2022) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church and diplomat. He was born in Novale, Italy. He was Pro-Nuncio to Kenya, India, Nepal, and the United States between 1976 and 1998. He then was President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See from 1998 to 2002. He became a cardinal in 2001.

Cacciavillan died on 5 March 2022 in Vatican City at the age of 95.

## References
## Other websites
*
Oosterwolde, Friesland

**Oosterwolde**, Stellingwarfs: *Oosterwoolde*, is a village in the municipality of Ooststellingwerf, Friesland Province, the Netherlands.

Oosterwolde is the main settlement of the municipality, and is at east end of the province, near the Province of Drenthe.

As of 2016, about 10,000 people were living in the village.

## Well-known people 
* Halbe Zijlstra (born 1969), politician
Halbe Zijlstra

**Halbe Zijlstra** (born January 21, 1969 in Oosterwolde, Friesland) is a former Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

## Early life and education
He studied marketing at Hanze University of Applied Sciences, and sociology at the University of Groningen.

## Career
He was on the city council of Utrecht. From 2006 to 2010 he was a member of the Second Chamber. He held the position of Deputy Minister of Education, Culture and Science in the First Rutte cabinet from 2010 to 2012. Then he was his party's parliamentary leader from 2012 to 2017. His highest political position was as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Third Rutte cabinet beginning on October 26, 2017.

On February 13, 2018, Halbe Zijlstra resigned after he had lied about attending meetings with Russian president Vladimir Putin.

## Personal life
Halbe Zijlstra is married with one child.

## References 
## Other websites
*  Bio at Parlement.com
Zijlstra

**Zijlstra** may refer to the following Dutch people:

* Halbe Zijlstra, politician
* Jelle Zijlstra, politician and economist
* Rinse Zijlstra, politician
Danish resistance movement

The **Danish Resistance Movement** was an underground movement organized to resist the Nazi German occupation of Denmark during World War II. Due to the initially lenient arrangements, in which the Nazi occupation authority allowed the democratic government to stay in power, the resistance movement was slower to develop effective tactics on a wide scale than in some other countries.

By 1943, many Danes were involved in underground activities, ranging from producing illegal publications to spying and sabotage. Major groups included the communist BOPA (Danish: *Borgerlige Partisaner*, Civil Partisans) and Holger Danske, both based in Copenhagen. Resistance agents killed an estimated 400 Danish Nazis, informers and collaborators until 1944. After that date, they also killed some German nationals.

After the war the Resistance was supported by politicians within Denmark and there was little effort to closely examine the killings. Studies were made in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and people learned that there was sometimes improvised and contingent decision making about the targets, with some morally ambiguous choices. 

## In popular media
### Books
* Lowry, Lois *Number The Stars* (1989) historical fiction, in English, 1990 Newberry Award winner
### Films
* *"Miracle at Midnight"* (1998), a Disney made-for-TV movie starring Sam Waterson and Mia Farrow, dramatizing a true story of Danish citizens rescuing the Jewish population in September 1943.
House of Representatives (Netherlands)

The **House of Representatives**, Dutch: *Tweede Kamer* (literally **Second Chamber**), is the lower house of the States General, the parliament of the Netherlands.

It is comparable with the House of Representatives in other countries, because it is chosen by direct elections.

It consists of 150 members, who are chosen every four years or earlier when the government has been brought down.

In contrast with the First Chamber or Senate the Second Chamber has extensive legislative powers.

## House of Representatives 2021-2023 
The elections for the new House of Representatives were held on Wednesday 17 March 2021. The new House was installed on 31 March 2021. Twenty parliamentary groups had been present in the House since March 2022 (originally 17).

Parties with considerable gains were the progressive liberal party D66, the populist parties FVD and JA21, and newcomer Volt. Considerable losses had been suffered by the Christian democratic party CDA, the left parties GL and SP, the populist party PVV, and the senior party 50+.

BBB and BIJ1 had made their first appearance in parliament.

On 6 May 2021, Liane den Haan left 50+ and became an independent MP. On 13 May 2021, Wybren van Haga and two other MPs left FVD and became the Group Van Haga. On 12 June 2021, Pieter Omtzigt left the CDA and became an independent MP. In February 2022, Nilüfer Gündoğan was expelled from the Volt group and had been an independent MP since 22 March 2022.

President of the House of Representatives was Vera Bergkamp (D66).

## House of Representatives 2017-2021 
The general elections for this House of Representatives were held on Wednesday 15 March 2017. This House was installed on 23 March 2017 and dissolved on 31 March 2021.

When the results were announced, the Labour Party (PvdA) lost many seats, while the winner, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) led by Mark Rutte, also lost seats, but not as many.

Most of the opposition parties won seats. The populist Party for Freedom (PVV) of Geert Wilders did not win as many seats as were expected of them, but they became second in the number of seats they had. More seats were won by (especially) GreenLeft (GL), Democrats 66 (D66), the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), the Party for the Animals (PvdD), and 50PLUS (50+), along with the newly formed parties DENK and Forum for Democracy (FVD). The only other party to lose seats was the Socialist Party (SP), while the small Christian parties ChristianUnion (CU) and Reformed Political Party (SGP) did not gain or lose any seats.

President of the House of Representatives was Khadija Arib (PvdA).

## General elections results since 1946 
Original seats in post-war Second Chamber (*Tweede Kamer*).
Coalitian parties marked in olive.
Prime Minister's party in bold.

! PvdA and GL together 25 seats

## Related pages 
* Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
* Senate (Netherlands)
* Politics of the Netherlands

## References 
* 
*  www.kiesraad.nl (elections results)
List of Bangla Academy Literary Award winners (2000s)

**Bangla Academy Literary Award** is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 2000 to 2009 is given.

## 2000
None

## 2001
# Kaysul Haque (poetry)
# Shamsuzzaman Khan (essay-research)
# Ali Imam (juvenile literature)

## 2002
# Zahidul Haque (poetry)
# Mobarak Hossain Khan (research)
# Abu Saleh (juvenile literature)

## 2003
# Abdul Hye Sikder (poetry)
# Saeed-Ur-Rahman (research)
# Musharraf Karim (juvenile literature)

## 2004 
# Amjad Hossain (novel)
# Mojammel Hossain Mintu (short story)
# Asaddor Ali (research)
# Zafar Alam (translation)
# Muhammad Zafar Iqbal (science)
# Faridur Reza Sagar (juvenile literature)

## 2005
# Rezauddin Stalin (poetry)
# Mokbula Manzoor (novel)
# Abul Kalam Mohammed Zakaria (research)
# Fakhruzzaman Chowdhury (translation)

## 2006
# Shamsul Islam (poetry)
# Haripada Datta (novel)
# Ali Anwar (essay)
# Mohammad Ibrahim (science)
# Mannan Hira (drama)
# Amirul Islam (juvenile literature)

## 2007 
# Monzure Mowla (poetry)
# Jatin Sarker (essay-research)
# Lutfor Rahman Riton (juvenile literature)

## 2008 
# Mahbub Sadik (poetry)
# Karunamoy Goswami (essay-research)
# Helena Khan (juvenile literature)

## 2009 
# Arunabh Sarkar (poetry)
# Rabiul Hosain (poetry)
# Anwara Syed Haq (folk literature)
# Shushanta Mazumdar (folk literature)
# Abul Ahsan Chowdhury (research)
# Rafiqul Haque (juvenile literature)
List of Bangla Academy Literary Award winners (2010s)

**Bangla Academy Literary Award** is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 2010 to 2019 is given.

## 2010 
# Rubi Rahman (poetry)
# Nasir Ahmed (poetry)
# Bulbul Chowdhury (folk literature)
# Khan Sarwar Murshid (essay and research)
# Ajoy Roy (science and technology)
# Shahjahan Kibria (juvenile literature)

## 2011 
# Ashim Shaha (poetry)
# Kamal Chowdhury (poetry)
# Anisul Hoque (folk literature)
# Abdullah Abu Sayeed (essay)
# Biswajit Ghosh (research)
# Khaliquzzaman Ilias (translation)
# Belal Muhammad (literature on liberation war affairs)
# Baren Chakrabarti (travel story)
# Ali Ajgar (science, technology and environment)
# Akhter Hossain (juvenile literature)

## 2012 
# Sanaul Haque Khan (poetry)
# Abid Anwar (poetry)
# Harishanker Jaldas (folk literature)
# Sanat Kumar Saha (essay)
# Khondokar Sirajul Haque (research)
# Fakrul Alam (translation)
# Mahbub Alam (Liberation War-related writings)
# Tapan Chakrabarty (science, technology and environment)
# Mahbub Talukder (juvenile literature)

## 2013 
# Helal Hafiz (poetry)
# Purabi Basu (folk literature)
# Mofidul Haq (essay)
# Jamil Chowdhury (research)
# Provangshu Tripura (research)
# Kaiser Haq (translation)
# Harun Habib (Liberation War-related writings)
# Mahfuzur Rahman (autobiography and travel story)
# Shahidul Islam (science, technology and environment)
# Kaiser Chowdhury (juvenile literature)
# Aslam Sunny (juvenile literature)

## 2014 
# Shihab Sarkar (poetry)
# Zakir Talukder (fiction)
# Shantanu Kaiser (essay)
# Bhuyian Iqbal (research)
# Abu Mohammad Delwar Hossain (literature on liberation war)
# Moynus Sultan (travel story)
# Khaleque bin Zainuddin (juvenile literature)

## 2015 
# Altaf Hossain (poetry)
# Shaheen Akhtar (fiction)
# Abul Momen (essay)
# Atiur Rahman (essay)
# Moniruzzaman (research)
# Abdus Selim (translation)
# Tajul Mohammad (literature on liberation war)
# Faruq Ahmed Choudhury (biography and travel story)
# Masum Reza (drama)
# Sharif Khan (science, technology and environment)
# Sujan Barua (juvenile literature)

## 2016 
# Abu Hasan Shahriar (poetry)
# Shahaduzzaman (fiction)
# Morshed Shafiul Hasan (essay and research)
# Niaz Zaman (translation)
# MA Hasan (literature on the liberation war)
# Noorjahan Bose (autobiography/memoir)
# Rashed Rouf (juvenile literature)
Japanese name

A **Japanese name** has a surname () and a given name (), there are unusual surnames. Some people share the same surname and given name. Sato (), is the most famous surname. Suzuki and Tanaka are also common family names in Japan.
Janet Benshoof

**Janet Benshoof** (May 10, 1947 &ndash; December 18, 2017) was an American human rights activist and lawyer. She was born in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota. She was the President and Founder of the Global Justice Center. She founded the Center for Reproductive Rights, the world's first international human rights organization focused on reproductive choice and equality.

Benshoof died of uterine cancer on December 18, 2017 in Manhattan, New York at the age of 70.

## References
Florence Bjelke-Petersen

**Florence Isabel Bjelke-Petersen** (née **Gilmour**; 11 August 1920 – 20 December 2017) was an Australian politician and writer. She was a member of the Australian Senate from 1981 to 1993. She was re-elected at the 1983 and 1987 elections (both double dissolutions), and her term expired on 30 June 1993.

Bjelke-Petersen was the wife of the longest-serving Premier of Queensland, Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen. She was styled as **Lady Bjelke-Petersen** upon her husband's knighthood, and was also known informally as **Lady Flo**.

Lady Bjelke-Petersen died in Kingaroy, Queensland on 20 December 2017 of cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 97, after suffering a short illness.

## References
## Other websites
*Transcript of interview with Flo Bjelke-Petersen on ABC Radio
*"Lady Flo Bjelke-Petersen is still going strong at 93 and is a big supporter of Campbell Newman" at *Brisbane Courier-Mail*